bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The dynamic loads, which arise in main beam of bridge crane
Authors: Fidrovska Nataliia , Chernyshenko Oleksandr , Perevoznyk Ihor , Nesterenko Viktoriia
Published: October 2021

Install, what about 80 % rejections of contemporary weight-lifting machines bond with dynamic loading, which bring to higher shabby surface of frictionless, tiredness destriction hardware and details of mechanism, appearance inadmissible residual strains. That witness about important dynamic calculations, without which impossible create of machines with elevated degree technique – economical index. The questions reduce hardware of bridge cranes are rather actual, therefore elaboration methods calculations of metallic constructions bridge of cranes have important meaning. The dynamic process which arise in metallic constructions of cranes considerable increase strain conditions of beams and due take into consideration at calculations. On the article consideration questions vibrations in main beam of bridge crane, which appears during the moving through the bridge of carry cart. It is taken as a condition, that mass which equally distributed on the whole of the length of the beam, is concentrated in three points, that are in the middle of a span and two border points. Follow the calculations with take into consideration conditionally  placing of rail on crane bridge and the law distribution of loading from motion wheels which motion on beam. In this take into consideration characters of beam that is her span, hard of section and intensive distribution of mass in main beam. It is made a conclusion about the influence of characteristic of beam on the resonance regime of vibration.
Stress-deformed state of proof areas of reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Neutov Stepan , Holovata Zlata , Kirichenko Daria
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The results of experimental studies of the stress-strain state of the support sections of rein-forced concrete beams from some of the most signifi-cant factors are presented. It was found that during long-term loading such factors are the level of the initial loading; concrete class; the percentage of transverse reinforcement in the shear span; the per-centage of longitudinal reinforcement in the com-pressed zone; the percentage of longitudinal working reinforcement in the extended zone. With an increase in the class of concrete, the moment corresponding to the appearance of normal cracks and the shear force corresponding to the appearance of inclined cracks slightly increase, although they lag behind the growth of the class of concrete. The process of crack-ing in the investigated beams begins, as a rule, with the appearance of normal cracks in the zone of pure bending at a load level (0.15... 0.33) from breaking. Inclined cracks appeared somewhat later, at load levels close to 0.5 of breaking. With a relatively high percentage of longitudinal reinforcement, the first oblique cracks appeared in the middle of the beam height in the shear span. At load levels close to 0.7, the process of formation of new cracks practically stops, and already existing cracks open more inten-sively. During the period of exposure to a constant long-term load, the width of the opening of normal cracks increased on average by 1.2–1.5 times, and the width of the opening of inclined cracks increased by 2.5–3 times. In the process of loading before the destruction of previously long-loaded beams, the width of the opening of normal cracks remained practically unchanged, and the width of the opening of inclined cracks increased by 1.2–1.7 times, and the breaking load for beams loaded with a preliminary long-acting load of 0.85 from the breaking load in-creased by 13–15 % compared to short-term loading. The opening width of inclined cracks along the length was different, its maximum value was ob-served in the middle of the height of the section of the support sections of the beams.
For the calculation of flat shells by the numerical analytical method of boundary elements
Authors: Suryaninov Mykola , Boiko Oleksii
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The application of the numerical-analytical boundary elements method (NA BEM) to the calculation of shallow shells is considered. The method is based on the analytical construction of the fundamental system of solutions and the Green’s function for the differential equation of the problem under consideration. The theory of calculation of a shallow shell proposed by V. Z. Vlasov, which for the problem under consideration leads to an eighth-order partial differential equation. The problem of bending a shallow shell is two-dimensional, and in the numerical-analytical boundary elements method, the plate and shell are considered in the form of generalized one-dimensional modules, therefore, the Fourier separation method and the Kantorovich-Vlasov variational method were applied to this equation, which made it possible to obtain ordinary differential equations of the eighth order. It is noted that until recently, the main problem in the subsequent implementation of the algorithm of the numerical-analytical boundary element method was due to the fact that all analytical expressions of the method (fundamental functions, Green’s functions, vectors of external loads) are very cumbersome, and intermediate transformations are associated with determinants of the eighth order. It is proposed to use the direct integration method at the first stage, when, along with the original differential equation, an equivalent system of equations for the unknown shell state vector is considered. In this case, the calculations of some analytic expressions associated with determinants of higher orders can be avoided by using the Jacobi formula. As a result, the calculation of the determinant at an arbitrary point is reduced to its calculation at a zero value of the argument, which leads to a significant simplification of all intermediate transformations and analytical expressions of the numerical-analytical boundary elements method.
Context Culture in CDC's Health Alert: For All Travelers
Authors:   Budi Luhur University, Indonesia, Randy David , Vera Nawiroh
Published: October 2021

The high number of covid-19 cases and the US's mortality rate encourage The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to socialize and promote prevention guidance to stop the spreading. One of the preventive measures is by issuing travel warnings. Scholars have noted that the linguistic and cultural concept conveys norms of behavior and values in society at a particular stage of its development. In brief, advertisements messages are influenced by communicators' cultural backgrounds and references. It means the signs in the CDC poster can show American values. To examine and explore those cultural values in CDC publication materials, the authors conducted a semiotic analysis on a poster entitled Health Alert: For All Travelers. The method used is Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotic model. The study shows that the signs presented on the CDC poster are simple, use direct communication structures, and are equipped with universal meaning to understand the message conveyed easily. It indicates a representation of the dominant culture in the United States, the low-context culture with a high level of individualism values. Multidisciplinary research is needed to help create a universal communication model so that messages conveyed in advertisements can reach a wider audience.
Equal Opportunities in Learning in Diverse Groups in Nepal in the Pre-COVID Realm: Socioeconomic Status, Mathematics Learning, and the Diverse Groups
Authors:   RTI-International (Nepal), Shakya Sunita , Metsämuuronen Jari ,   Finnish Education Evaluation Centre (Finland)
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the diversity and equity issues behind the learning outcomes of mathematics in the pre-COVID context in Nepal. The article intends to give a baseline for the further studies on the effect of COVID-19 pandemic in the educational realm. Datasets from the national assessment of student achievement in Nepal at grades 3 and 5 and grade 8 are reanalyzed based on socioeconomic status (SES), gender, caste-ethnicity, language, and geographical variables. In Nepal, where the society is customarily highly structured, gender-biased, and poverty-driven, SES influences remarkably in mathematics achievement. The datasets show notable relationships between SES and mathematics achievement (r = 0.35, 0.27 and 0.30 in grade 3, 5 and 8, respectively). In lower grades, the difference between the highest and lowest SES in the achievement of girls is wider than boys and it is reverse in grade 8. Nepali speakers had high scores when they had high SES but, when SES was very low, the non-Nepali speakers performed better in all grades. The advantageous castes tended to always perform higher irrespective of their level of SES. Nevertheless, it is difficult to know with certainty when average and marginalized caste/ethnic groups perform better.
Chemical Compound of Terminalia Catappa L. as Hemostatic Agents in Post Tooth Extraction
Authors:   Poltekkes Kemenkes Bali, Indonesia, Sirat Ni Made , Senjaya Asep Arifin
Published: October 2021

Terminalia catappa L. is one of the herbal plants that contain flavonoids that play a role in wound healing including to bleeding after tooth extraction. The aim of our study was to identify the chemical compounds contained in Terminalia catappa L. leaves. This type of research was experimental. The sample in this study was the leaves of Terminalia catappa number 3-6 from the base, at a tree height of 6 meters picked as much as 6 kilograms. Data analysis qualitatively and quantitatively. The highest content in ethanol extract of Terminalia catappa L of saponins and alkaloids were fractioned with distilled water and the lowest content were fractioned with hexane. Meanwhile distilled water is also used to fractioned the highest content of tannins and phenol. While ethyl acetate was used to fractioned the lowest content of tannins and the highest content of flavonoid. The lowest flavonoid in distilled water extract was fractioned using hexane. For the lowest content of phenol was fractioned using hexane. The results show the highest content of saponins is 3,787.80 mg/100g, the lowest is 166.67 mg/100g. The highest content of Alkaloids is 1,798.57 mg/100g, and the lowest is 576.80 mg/100g. The highest content of tannins is 53,140.72 mg/100g, the lowest is 8,391,803 mg/100g. The highest content of flavonoids is 2,5964.14 mg/100g, the lowest flavonoid is 462.84 mg/100g. The highest content of phenol 29,968.05 mg/100g, the lowest is 225.46 mg/100g. The highest antioxidant activity with AAI (Antioxidant Activity Index) obtains value of 0.36. This shows the moderate antioxidant ability. Terminalia catappa L. contain saponins, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. The active compound of Terminalia catappa L will generally be produced optimally if a polar solvent is used.
ANALISIS RISIKO USAHA PEMBENIHAN IKAN NILA MERAH DI KELOMPOK PEMBUDIDAYA IKAN MINO NGREMBOKO KECAMATAN NGEMPLAK KABUPATEN SLEMA
Authors: Andhika Rio , Setyowati Nuning , Qonita Rr Aulia
Published: October 2021

This study analysed the receipts, costs, and expenses received by red tilapia seed farmers, as well as the level of production risk, price risk and expenditure risk in KPI Mino Ngremboko. The basic method used in this research was a descriptive method. This research was conducted at KPI Mino Ngremboko. The selection of research locations was conducted purposively. The sampling method used was the census method. The analysis was carried out using the coefficient of variation method. Research results there were production risks, price risk, and risk of spending on red tilapia at KPI Mino Ngremboko. The sources of risk that arise were high fish seed mortality rates, increased feed prices, and limited land to increase production. Variation coefficient value (CV) of production risk, price risk, income risk were relatively low that showed the hatchery of red tilapia has a low risk. Meanwhile, the L value of price risk, production risk, and expenditure risk were positive results and the value was greater than BEP. The value shows that when the hatchery reaches the lowest point in production, price, and income, farmers still avoid losses.
DINAMIKA RANTAI PASOK BERAS DI KECAMATAN BANSARI KABUPATEN TEMANGGUNG
Authors: Palupi Aprillia , Priyanto Sony Heru , Sunaryanto Lasmono Tri
Published: October 2021

Temanggung Regency is the rice producer with the third highest productivity in the province of Central Java. Bansari District, one of the sub-districts in Temanggung Regency, has the potential to be developed as an agricultural area because most of its people are farmer. The study of rice supply chain in Bansari sub-district Temanggung regency is significance in order to design the efficiency of rice supply chain mechanism in the interest of rice farmers’ welfare in Bansari district Temanggung. The purpose of this research is to examine and review the patterns or mechanisms of rice supply chain and to analyse the role undertaken by the supply chain actors in Bansari district. The research method used a qualitative method. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation and library studies. The observed units in this research were the rice supply chain agents in Bansari subdistrict, namely rice farmers, rice milling entrepreneurs, rice traders and buyers or consumers of rice. The pattern of the rice supply chain actors in Bansari subdistrict, had only one supply chain flow, namely, the flow of products. There were several actors involved in the rice supply chain including farmers, active and passive traders, piners, milling, consumer households. The supply chain actors had their respective role in distributing rice from farmers to household consumers through the their relevant activities. There is no government intervention in supply chain in Bansari district. Business partnerships were required to develop businesses in the field of rice farming in Bansari district.
SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS OF MILKFISH AQUABUSINESS MANAGEMENT ON SUMBAWA ISLAND: A BIOECOLOGY, TECHNOLOGY, AND ECONOMIC APPROACH
Authors: Asrial Evron , Sheyoputri Aylee Christine Alamsyah , Nuryadin Rusmin
Published: October 2021

Selama lebih dari tiga dekade, masyarakat pesisir telah mengelola dan memanfaatkan lahan pesisir Pulau Sumbawa untuk budidaya bandeng (Chanos chanos). Mereka memanfaatkan pasang surut dan topografi daratan pesisir untuk melakukan kegiatan di tambak. Bandeng dipilih karena: kegemaran masyarakat, organisme euryhaline, teknologi budidaya bandeng tergolong sederhana, biaya produksi rendah, dan sintasan tinggi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui status keberlanjutan pengelolaan dimensi bioekologi, teknologi, dan ekonomi serta mengetahui atribut-atribut sensitif dari masing-masing dimensi. Keberlanjutan merupakan amanat dalam pengelolaan perikanan dunia dan Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan di tiga kabupaten (Sumbawa, Dompu, Bima) selama Juni - Oktober 2018. Penghimpunan data menerapkan metode survey dependen dengan teknik sampling, dialog, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Pengolahan data menerapkan berbagai persamaan statistik dan non statistik. Analisis keberlanjutan menggunakan teknik penilaian untuk akuabisnis bandeng (Rapmilkfish). Hasil Analisis Rapmilkfish menunjukkan status keberlanjutan dimensi bioekologi 'Berkelanjutan', dimensi teknologi 'Cukup Berkelanjutan', dimensi ekonomi 'Kurang Berkelanjutan', dan atribut sensitif sebanyak 12 atribut. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingkat penerapan teknologi budidaya bandeng tergolong ramah lingkungan dan berkorelasi positif dengan kelestarian sumber daya alam. Sehingga, kegiatan budidaya bandeng dapat dilanjutkan tanpa harus menaikkan taraf teknologi budidaya bandeng dalam upaya meningkatkan produktivitas tambak.
Has Asia Lost It?: Dynamic Past, Turbulent Future
Authors: Phi Hàn Vi
Published: October 2021

Ours arrived under mysterious circumstances in Wuhan, China sometime in the last quarter of 2019. In the memorable words of New York Governor Andrew Cuomo, the Covid-19 virus then “got on a plane” and became a super-spreading global pandemic in a matter of months. The human toll is devastating — over 80 million infected and over 1.7 million deaths as I write this. Over a century ago and during World War I no less, the world witnessed the devastating “Spanish flu” pandemic, which according to the U.S. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention infected 500 million people and killed over 50 million, with an estimated 20 million in Asia alone, although precise numbers are hard to come by. Pandemics are named pandemics because their human toll is on a global scale and devastating.
PENTINGNYA MENJAGA KESEHATAN DI MUSIM PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Umara Elma Lufita
Published: October 2021

Dalam artikel ini penulis membahas tentang pentingnya menjaga kesehatan dan pola hidup sehat di musim pandemi covid-19. Munculnya pandemi ini menjadi permasalahan yang di hadapi sekarang. Pencegahannya dengan cara melakukan menjaga kesehatan dan menjaga pola hidup sehat. Pemerintah mengeluarkan aturan dengan menerapkan 3 M yaitu, memakai masker, mencuci tangan, dan menjaga jarak. Selain itu kita juga dianjurkan untuk meningkatkan imun tubuh supaya dapat menangkal virus covid-19. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan imun tubuh adalah menerapkan pola hidup sehat. Pola hidup sehat merupakan hal yang wajib kita lakukan, terutama pada masa pandemi. Dengan memilah dan mengatur pola hidup yang sehat, tentunya tubuh kita akan merasakan banyak manfaat.
RPS TEKNOLOGI BETON ERWIN SYAIFUL WAGOLA
Authors: Wagola Erwin Syaiful
Published: October 2021

RPS teknologi beton, merupakan rancangan pembelajaran semester untuk mata kuliah Teknologi Beton di program studi teknik sipil Universitas Iqra Buru
HAK DAN KEWAJIBAN Meminum Zinc dan Vitamin C di Masa Pandemi
Authors: fauzi Defa nur ifada
Published: October 2021

Cara untuk menjaga fungsi sistem imun tetap kuat, ada hal mudah yang bisadilakukan, yaitu memastikan kebutuhan nutrisi tubuh tercukupi. Bagaimanacaranya? Mengonsumsi makanan sehat dan bergizi seimbang, terutama yangmengandung vitamin C dan zinc.Meski banyak sekali nutrisi mikro esensial yangdibutuhkan tubuh dalam meningkatkan imun, kombinasi vitamin C dan zincmemainkan peran penting. Vitamin C bekerja dengan cara mendukung fungsiberbagai sel kekebalan dan meningkatkan kemampuan untuk melindungi tubuhdari infeksi.Vitamin C juga diperlukan untuk regenerasi sel, membantu menjagasistem imun tetap kuat, dengan cara membersihkan sel-sel lama dan menggantinyadengan yang baru. Vitamin C juga berfungsi sebagai antioksidan kuat untukmelindungi dari kerusakan akibat stres oksidatif.Stres oksidatif adalah stres yangterjadi akibat akumulasi molekul reaktif yang dikenal sebagai radikal bebas. Stresini memengaruhi sistem kekebalan tubuh dan meningkatkan risiko berbagaipenyakit
Assigment 2 E-Business Strategy and Implementation
Authors: Riansyah Deka Taufiq
Published: October 2021

Efek dari market orientation, marketing capability, product innovation dalam berbisnis
Hubungan Kewajiban Masyarakat Untuk Menerapkan Protokol Kesehatan Terhadap Hak Mendapatkan Kesehatan Dalam Berkegiatan Dan Berpergian Di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Damanti Evelyn Nady
Published: October 2021

Sejak virus COVID-19 merebak di Indonesia, terjadi beberapa perubahan gaya hidup pada masyarakat yang mengharuskan masyarakat untuk melakukan tindakan-tindakan pencegahan penularan. Kesehatan merupakan hal yang paling utama bagi kehidupan manusia, karena tanpa kesehatan manusia akan terganggu dalam menjalankan aktivitasnya sehari-hari. Manusia akan kehilangan segala kemungkinan untuk mendapatkan hak-hak lainnya tanpa didasari kesehatan. Oleh karenanya kesehatan menjadi salah satu kebutuhan dasar manusia. Protokol kesehatan 3M (memakai masker, mencuci tangan dengan sabun, dan menjaga jarak serta menjauh dari kerumunan) merupakan cara terbaik yang dapat diterapkan untuk menghentikan rantai penyebaran COVID-19.
hak mendapatkan vitamin di masa covid 19
Authors: Syahrani Yasmin
Published: October 2021

Hak mendapatkan vitamin di masa covid 19 agar seseorang dapat menjaga kekebalan tubuhnya
Cooling or Heating causes Common Cold and The Curing Experiment
Authors: Lee Alex
Published: October 2021

Common cold still can not been cured. Author found out that cooling or heating the human body lead to lower temperature or higher temperature in cell in respiratory system which cause cold. Human cell expand when heated and contract when cooled. Heating the frozen cells to normal temperature can expand the contracted cell and stop the squeezing of clear liquid which cures low temperature cold. Cooling the hot cell to normal temperature can contract the expanded cell and stop the producing of yellow snot which cures the high temperature cold. The cold cause the temperature of the human cell match the binding temperature of cold virus, which leads the cold virus binding with human cell. The cold virus is not the origin and cause of cold.
Assingment 2 EB
Authors: Ramadhan Nicko Ahmad Chani
Published: October 2021

Saat Indonesia mengalami krisis ekonomi, kondisi ini berdampak pada bisnis skala besar dimana banyak bisnis yang gulung tikar bahkan bangkrut. Lain halnya dengan usaha kecil menengah yang mampu bertahan karena tidak banyak menggunakan bahan baku impor dan malah menjadi sabuk penyelamat dari dampak krisis ekonomi (Andalan & Hikmah, 2013).
Hak Atas Pangan Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Zahro' Lailatus Samrotuz
Published: October 2021

Hak atas pangan merupakan hak dasar yang harus dipenuhi oleh Negara demi menjamin terpenuhinya Hak Asasi Manusia bagi setiap warga negaranya tanpa terkecuali. Terpenuhinya hak atas pangan di masa pandemi covid-19 ini adalah menjadi bagian dari kewajiban HAM Negara. Negara harus memastikan di masa pandemi yang juga melanda ini tidak akan ada masyarakat yang menderita kelaparan atau tidak bisa memenuhi kebutuhan dasarnya akan hak atas pangan sehingga diperlukan langkah-langkah serta kebijakan yang diambil Negara untuk pemenuhan hak atas dasar pangan di masa pandemi covid-19 saat ini. Jika negara gagal maka itu dapat disebut sebagai pelanggran Hak Asasi Manusia. Pemerintah Indonesia harus memastikan bahwa di masa pandemi tidak boleh ada masyarakat yang kekurangan makanan, selain itu pemerintah juga harus berkoordinasi mulai dari Pemerintah Pusat sampai Pemerintah Daerah dalam tingkatan yang paling rendah untuk memastikan bahwa bahan makanan dapat tersedia di seluruh wilayah Indonesia serta dapat diakses dengan mudah bagi warga negara Indonesia tanpa terkecuali. Sangat penting untuk menjaga pola hidup sehat di masa pandemi virus covid-19 antara lain dengan meningkatkan imun tubuh dengan makan-makanan yang bergizi, mencukupi kebutuhan nutrisi, memperbaiki waktu tidur, dan selalu berpikir positif.
WANPRESTASI
Authors: perdana Gemilang aditya putera
Published: October 2021

Manusia adalah makhluk sosial (Zoon Politicon) tidak ada yang bisa hidup sendiri di dunia ini. Maka diperlukan adanya hubungan antara manusia yang satu dengan yang lain berupa perikatan, termasuk dalam pencapaian hidupnya. Kebutuhan manusia satu dan manusia lainnya berbeda sesuai usia dan status sosialnya. Dahulu kala, orang melakukan perikatan dengan yang lain guna memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya dengan cara barter (penukaran barang dengan barang), lalu berubah menjadi penukaran barang dengan uang barang dan kemudian berganti menjadi barang dengan uang.Ternyata perkembangan zaman sudah merubah peradaban cara hidup manusia memenuhi kebutuhannya. Tidak hanya melakukan transaksi (akad) secara langsung, tapi juga bisa dengan kredit dan lain lain bahkan ada perjanjian secara tertulis sebelum diadakan perikatan pemenuhan kebutuhan tersebut. Akibat kian hari banyak pula kebutuhan yang harus dipenuhi yang tidak diiringi dengan jumlah pendapatan maka lahirlah ingkar janji dari suatu kesepakatan yang telah dibuat yang dinamakan Wanprestasi yang tentunya tidak lain merugikan pihak kreditur, baik perjanjian itu berupa sepihak (cuma-cuma) maupun timbal balik (atas beban).
JUANG JUNIANTO_B10018282_MAKALAH ANALISIS PENYELESAIAN DEBITUR WAN PRESTASI ATAS OBYEK JAMINAN FIDUSIA YANG TELAH DIDAFTARKAN
Authors: Junianto Juang
Published: October 2021

Dalam pemberian kredit dengan jaminan fidusia melalui tahapan prosedur permohonan kredit dan dibuatnya akta fidusia di notaris yang didaftarkan ke Kantor Pendaftaran Fidusia unutk memberikan kepastian hukum bagi kreditur (bank). Proses penyelesaian kredit jika debitur wanpreatasi maka bank berdasarkan surat kuasa substitusi dari debitur dibuat akta Fidusia notariil dan didaftarkan ke Kantor Fidusia yaitu debitur melakukan penjualan di bawah tangan, penjualan jaminannya secara sukarela, yang hasilnya diserahkan kepada bank untuk melunasi kredit tersebut, bank dapat melakukan pelelangan secara umum dan melalui lembaga Pengadilan.
Alternatives to Punishment: The power to annul an economic exchange promotes self- rather than other-regarding preferences in fairness and trust games
Authors: Sridharan Sinthu , Sudarsan Rashmi , Dong Ruibo , Cheong Chi , Harris Lasana
Published: October 2021

Fairness and trust appraisals that engender economic exchange rely on thoughts about another person’s mind to satisfy self- (profit maximising) and other-regarding (social motives) preferences. Punishment should promote fairness and trust within economic exchange, guarding against free-riding and trust violations, but depends on other-regarding preferences concerned with the violator. Here, we explore an alternative to punishment that may instead promote self-regarding preferences—the opportunity for the decision-maker to annul (veto) the economic transaction. We test this veto approach by having participants assume the role of investor(s) in modified versions of the public goods (Studies one and three) and trust games (Studies two and four). Across four studies both online and in laboratory with two economic games, investor(s) could veto a transaction—annul a previous exchange—if the return from the other player(s) was deemed unsatisfactory. We find that this manipulation increased investment by the investor(s), consistent with games where second-party punishment is possible. Moreover, self-regarding preferences predicted veto behaviour, while other-regarding preferences predicted punishment behaviour. We argue that this veto approach can be an alternative to punishment that can safe-guard fairness and trust during economic exchange.
Unconscious Visual Working Memory: a critical review and Bayesian meta-analysis
Authors: Gambarota Filippo , Tsuchiya Naotsugu , Pastore Massimiliano , Di Polito Nicola , Sessa Paola
Published: October 2021

The relationship between consciousness and working memory (WM) has been recently debated both at the theoretical and methodological levels (Persuh et al., 2018; Velichkovsky, 2017). While there is behavioral and neural evidence that argues for the existence of unconscious WM, several methodological concerns have been raised, rendering this issue highly controversial. To address the robustness of the previous findings, here we adopt a meta-analytic approach to estimate the effect size and heterogeneity of the previously reported unconscious WM results, also including unpublished results. We used meta-regression to isolate relevant experimental variables, in particular, consciousness manipulation and WM paradigm to identify the source of the heterogeneity in the reported effect size of the unconscious WM. Our meta-analysis supports the existence of the unconscious WM effect and critically reveals several experimental variables that contribute to relevant heterogeneity. Our analysis clarifies several theoretical and methodological issues. We recommend that future studies explicitly operationalize the definition of consciousness, standardize the methodology and systematically explore the role of critical variables for the unconscious WM effect.
Moral by default? The dynamic tradeoffs between honesty and self-interest
Authors: Wu Haiyan , Cao Siqi , Bai Changlin , Chen Kun , mobbs dean
Published: October 2021

Humans are often faced with social dilemmas that pit self-interest against honesty, yet questions arise about whether this trade-off reflects spontaneous default response or active suppression of the alternative response. Here, we created two message-sending tasks where decisions involved honesty as truth-telling or dishonesty as untruthful-message-sending. In our pre-registered study, participants joined the message task as the sender, who can send truthful or untruthful messages to earn more money for themselves, thus manipulating the conflict between self-interest and honesty. In experiment 1, we used mouse tracking (MT) to gain insight from movement trajectories and reaction time (RTs) of a forced-choice task with one fair default option. We found that being honest under conflict situations took longer for individuals who had higher self-interest concerns. In experiment 2 with a two-alternative forced-choice design without a default fair option on another sample to test whether self-interest-seeking people would show a similar tendency to lie and how these behavioral patterns correlated with utility and drift-diffusion model (DDM) modeling parameters. We found lower RTs for untruthful responses when self-interest concern was higher. In both experiments, the mixed model of RTs indicated the interest-temptation (i.e., conflict) condition led to a longer RT for truth-telling. These results were also supported by a DDM showing a larger drift rate for untruthful, compared to truthful, responses in conflict trials. Overall, our findings further support the individual difference in moral default, which can be manifested in behavioral indices in decisions.
Experimental methods to study cultural differences in linguistics
Authors: Adamou Evangelia
Published: October 2021

A relatively recent development in linguistics is the use of experimental methods in different cultural settings. It takes place within a larger trend in psychology following the observation that, up until today, research predominantly relies on North American and Northern European university students. When confronted to slightly more varied samples, the robustness of many theoretical generalizations no longer holds. Then why do we fail to see a significant rise in cross-cultural and cross-linguistic experimental research? A major hurdle comes from the fact that experimental research protocols are developed for a lab setting. This means that even when recent technological progress allows us to bring high-quality portable equipment to the field or conduct studies on the Internet, researchers still face challenges to design experiments that can work for diverse populations. This chapter offers an overview of studies that successfully overcome these hurdles and discusses future avenues for experimental research in diverse linguistic and cultural settings.
Warranted assertibility and the Internet: A theoretical model for an online proto-research community
Authors: Tilak Shantanu , Glassman Michael , Wen Ziye , Kuznetcova Irina , Pelfrey Logan , Evans Marvin
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we suggest that research platforms on the present Internet should offer more diverse pathways for distributed communication, to cope with the idiosyncrasies of a post-truth society. Present platforms adhere to a first-order cybernetic approach, using rule-based systems and algorithms to guide the activity of researchers, and expose them to new research findings and articles based on their preferences. The larger Internet, however, supports communities such as Reddit, that offer opportunities for pragmatic problem-solving that mirrors the ideas of second- order cybernetics, but show much potential for incivility. We first test this assumption using 704 comments responding to 25 top posts pulled from the CoronavirusUS subreddit, using a Python script. Our analyses indicate that a substantial percentage of posts in the subreddit display higher-order reflectivity (what we label transformative critical reflection) which predicts the number of upvotes received by these posts. We also found that karma, or user reputation, is not predicted by interaction between high-order reflectivity and upvotes. This suggests that posts are gauged by quality rather than users’ reputations. From these results, we infer that such communication can be mirrored in online proto-research communities, and streamlined by laying down regulations, appointing moderators, and using algorithms to guide distributed communication, and combat the propensity for chaos arising from emancipation. We lay out our design/vision for such a community, based on a dual-layered reformulation of the Open Source Educative Processes framework.
Appointments: A More Effective Commitment Device for Health Behaviors
Authors: Derksen Laura , Kerwin Jason Theodore , Reynoso Natalia Ordaz , Sterck Olivier
Published: October 2021

Health behaviors are plagued by self-control problems, and commitment devices are frequently proposed as a solution. We show that a simple alternative works even better: appointments. We randomly offer HIV testing appointments and financial commitment devices to high-risk men in Malawi. Appointments are much more effective than financial commitment devices, more than doubling testing rates. In contrast, most men who take up financial commitment devices lose their investments. Appointments address procrastination without the potential drawback of commitment failure, and also address limited memory problems. Appointments have the potential to increase demand for healthcare in the developing world.
Reducing the constraints to school access and progress: Assessing the effects of a school scholarship program in Malawi
Authors: Hunsaker Stephen , Baum Donald R. , Ducos Katy
Published: October 2021

This study utilizes a non-equivalent groups research design to compare the educational experiences and outcomes of two student groups – those who did and those who did not receive a needs-based scholarship to attend secondary school and college in the Dowa, Kasungu, and Lilongwe Districts of Malawi. We assess impacts across a range of short and medium-term outcomes, including: school attendance, withdrawal, attainment, graduation, employment status, employment quality, and post-schooling income. The scholarship substantially reduces the household cost of participation in school, and reduces the distance travelled to school. As a result, we find that scholarship recipients attain between 1 and 1.5 years of additional school and graduate at higher rates. In terms of post-schooling outcomes, we find that recipients are in higher wage-earning occupations after leaving school. Overall, results suggest that scholarships are an effective demand-side strategy for improving schooling attainment, progression, and potentially longer-term labor market outcomes.
Implementasi Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Materi Menggali Informasi Teks Eksposisi Berbantuan Learning Management System bagi Siswa Kelas X SMA
Authors: Dwi Rusdina Ariani , Pratiwi Dini Restiyanti
Published: October 2021

Perubahan proses pembelajaran dari tatap muka menjadi daring dengan memanfaatkan sebuah teknologi yang dikenal dengan istilah Learning Management System. Dengan menggunakan media LMS pada pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia menjadi lebih menarik dan efektif, karena dengan menggunakan media belajar yang berbeda dapat menarik minat siswa untuk semangat dalam belajar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan dan faktor pendukung serta faktor penghambat dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia menggali informasi teks eksposisi berbasis Learning Management System di SMA Negeri 1 Pemalang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dari dokumentasi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan hasil evaluasi pelaksanaan pembelajaran teks eksposisi berbantuan LMS, serta hasil wawancara dengan guru bahasa Indonesia kelas X di SMA Negeri 1 Pemalang. Adapun sumber data dari penelitian ini adalah guru bahasa Indonesia, dokumen mengenai perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan penilaian. Penelitian ini menggunakan triangulasi sumber, sedangkan jenis analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis interaktif Miles, Huberman, dan Saldana. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia pada materi menggali informasi teks eksposisi berbantuan learning management system untuk kelas X di SMA Negeri 1 Pemalang terdapat beberapa faktor pendukung efektifnya pembelajaran LMS, diantaranya yaitu ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana serta penguasaan terhadap LMS yang digunakan. Sedangkan faktor penghambatnya, yaitu antara lain motivasi peserta didik dilihat dari perspektif guru serta pendampingan belajar di rumah.

 

Kata kunci : Learning Management System, Teks Eksposisi.
Stereotactic radiosurgery for cerebral cavernous malformation: comparison of hemorrhage rates before and after stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Karaaslan Burak , Gülsuna Beste , Erol Gökberk , Dağli Özlem , Emmez Hakan , Kurt Gökhan , Çeltikçi Emrah , Börcek Alp Özgün
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE

Cerebral cavernous malformation (CM) is an angiographically occult vascular pathology. Although microsurgery is the gold standard treatment to control the symptoms of CM, resection carries high risk in some situations, especially eloquent areas. The objective was to evaluate annual hemorrhage rates (AHRs) before and after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) treatment of cerebral CM in different locations.

METHODS

A total of 195 patients (119 women and 76 men) with CM treated at the Gazi University Gamma Knife Center between April 2005 and June 2017 were analyzed. The mean ± SD follow-up period was 67.4 ± 31.1 months (range 12 days to 170 months). AHR before SRS, AHR after SRS, morbidity associated with radiation, seizure control rate after SRS, lesion volume, coexistence with developmental venous anomaly, and SRS treatment parameters were analyzed, with evaluation of radiological data and clinical charts performed retrospectively. The seizure control rate was assessed using the Engel outcome scale.

RESULTS

The AHR before SRS was 15.3%. Application of SRS to these patients significantly reduced the AHR rates to 2.6% during the first 2 years after treatment and to 1.4% thereafter. Favorable seizure control (Engel class I and II) after radiosurgery was achieved in 23 patients (88.5%) with epilepsy. Radiation-related temporary complications occurred in 15.4% of patients, and permanent morbidity occurred in 4.6%.

CONCLUSIONS

SRS is a safe and effective treatment modality for reducing the hemorrhage risk of CM. The authors suggest that SRS should be considered for the treatment of patients with CM, high surgical risks, and hemorrhage history, instead of a using a wait-and-see policy.
Pengembangan Pariwisata Kenjeran Berbasis Potensi Maritim
Authors: Suning Suning Suning
Published: October 2021

Industri pariwisata berbasis maritim saat ini menjadi kebutuhan daerah dan kota untuk pengembangan kawasan pariwisata, sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai edukasi mengenalkan maritim kepada masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi karakteristik pariwisata, potensi maritim, dan menentukan arahan pengembangan pariwisata. Metode penelitian yang di gunakan deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif, dengan teknik analisis hierarki proses (AHP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik pariwisata yang ada di Pantai Kenjeran dilihat dari fasilitas sarana prasarana lingkungan sudah tersedia, namun perlu di tambahkan beberapa sarana prasarana seperti toilet, mushola, dan bak sampah di beberapa titik yang saat ini sudah mengalamim kerusakan. Potensi maritim yang ada berupa jenis biota laut, hasil produksi tangkapan laut, dan teknologi alat tangkap ikan. Arahan pengembangan kegiatan pariwisata berbasis maritim dengan skala prioritas 1 sebesar 58,2% jenis biota laut, 39,8% hasil produksi tangkapan ikan, dan 54,1% teknologi alat tangkap ikan. Skala prioritas 2 sebesar 41,8% jenis biota laut, 60,2% hasil produksi tangkapan ikan, dan 45,9% teknologi alat tangkap ikan. Dengan demikian arahan kebijakan yang direkomendasikan adalah penyediaan laboratorium biota laut dan kegiatan peningkatan alat teknologi tangkap ikan bagi para nelayan.
Penilaian Daya Tarik Obyek Wisata Studi Kasus: 20 Obyek Wisata di Ponorogo, Indonesia
Authors: Aditya Rendy Bayu , Ayudiah Chrismonica
Published: October 2021

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menilai daya tarik obyek wisata dan mengungkap manfaat-manfaat yang didapatkan dari penilaian daya tarik wisata. Riset yang dilaporkan melalui artikel ini mengambil contoh kasus 20 obyek wisata yang ada di Kabupaten Ponorogo. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis multikriteria dengan penilaian sederhana biner. Terdapat 4 komponen daya tarik yang digunakan meliputi Atraksi, Aksesibilitas, Amenitas, dan Penyokong. Keempat komponen tersebut diturunkan ke dalam 12 atribut meliputi: (1) Rating atraksi; (2) Jarak dari pusat kota; (3) Kondisi jalan; (4) Transportasi umum; (5) Tempat parkir; (6) Akomodasi terdekat; (7) Tempat ibadah; (8) Warung makan / restoran; (9) Toilet; (10) Informasi / ulasan; (11) Penunjuk / penanda; (12) Peta. Hasil riset menunjukkan bahwa dari 20 obyek wisata yang diteliti, 10 obyek wisata masih masuk dalam kategori dengan daya tarik agak rendah, rendah, dan sangat rendah. Sisanya masuk dalam kategori daya tarik sedang, agak tinggi, tinggi, dan sangat tinggi. Selanjutnya, manfaat dari penilaian daya tarik tersebut antara lain: berhasil mengidentifikasi peringkat dan kategori daya tarik obyek sebagai dasar perumusan prioritas pengembangan serta mengidentifikasi kelemahan masing-masing atribut dari setiap obyek wisata yang dapat digunakan sebagai dasar perumusan program dan kegiatan yang tepat sasaran dan tepat guna.
Kajian Tarif Angkutan Umum Bus Damri Rute BIL – Kota Matram Berdasarkan Biaya Operasional Kendaraan
Authors: Wahyuningsih Titik
Published: October 2021

The increasing amount of people traveling in the city of Mataram causes the demand for satisfactory public transportation both in terms of quantity and quality. Damri Bus is one of the transportation that provides passenger public transportation services with one of the routes, specifically Lombok International Airport (LIA) - Mataram. The purpose of this research is to find out how much the Damri Bus passenger transportation rates are based on vehicle operating costs (VOC) route BIL - Mataram. The method used to analyze passenger transportation rates based on VOC is using the PCI (Pacific International Consultant) method. Based on the results of the analysis, it is known that the Damri Bus VOC is Rp 2,788,439, while the results of the data analysis based on the VOC obtained average rates in the Morning is Rp15,015, in the Noon is Rp 13,223 and in the Afternoon is Rp 42,262, with an average tariff is Rp 23,499 , 89. The actual tariff of Damri Bus routes BIL - Mataram is Rp. 30,000, the results show that the results of the tariff analysis with the actual tariff are still appropriate.
Studi Ketersediaan Sumber Air Untuk Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Rumah Tangga di Desa Ranggagata Kecamatan Praya Barat Daya Kabupaten Lombok Tengah
Authors: Johari Harry Irawan , Ansori Roy Maulana , Hadi Alfian Pujian
Published: October 2021

Desa Ranggagata Kecamatan Peraya Barat Daya Kabupaten Lombok Tengah ’’ yang mana daerah ini mengalami masalah pada sumber air bersih. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui ketersediaan sumber air bersih yang digunakan penduduk untuk memenuhi kebutuhan rumah tangga dan upaya yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat untuk menanggulangi kekurang air bersih di Desa Ranggagata  Kecamatan Praya Barat Daya Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dukumentasi. Analisis data dengan model interaktif analisis dengan reduksi. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ketersediaan air bersih di desa Ranggagata sudah mengupayakan semaksimal mungkin supaya di tahun 2020 sudah terpenuhi dan upaya dalam menanggulangi kekurangan air bersih sudah ada bantuan dari kepala desa maupun dari PDAM.Abstract:  Ranggagata Village, Praya Barat Daya District, Central Lombok Regency '' where this area has problems with clean water sources. The purpose of this study was to determine the availability of clean water sources used by residents to meet household needs and the efforts made by the community to overcome the lack of clean water in Ranggagata Village, Praya Barat Daya District, Central Lombok Regency. The research method uses qualitative research with data collection techniques in research using observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis using an interactive model of analysis with reduction. The results of the study can be concluded that the availability of clean water in the village of Ranggagata has made every effort so that in 2020 it has been fulfilled and steps to overcome the shortage of clean water have received assistance from the village head and from the Regional Water Company.
Strategi Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Kawasan Penyangga di TN Sebangau Berdasarkan Perspektif Sustainable Livelihood Approach
Authors: Gai Ardiyanto Maksimilianus
Published: October 2021

Kawasan penyangga di TN Sebangau memiliki permasalahan dari berbagai sektor, seperti sosial, ekonomi dan lingkungan. Salah satunya adalah masalah kerusakan hutan. Saat ini masyarakat yang tinggal di kawasan penyangga TN Sebangau bergantung pada hasil sumber daya alamnya. Namun, kesejahteraan yang rendah menuntut masyarakat untuk melakukan beberapa kegiatan yang melanggar kebijakan TN Sebangau dan berpotensi mengganggu lingkungan sekitarnya. Konsep pendekatan mengenai penghidupan yang berkelanjutan (sustainable livelihood) merupakan salah satu bentuk metode yang dapat mengatasi permasalahan yang muncul pada masyarakat yang tinggal di kawasan penyangga TN Sebangau. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, dengan menggunakan metode skoring, AHP dan analisis triangulasi. Subjek penelitian adalah masyarakat yang tinggal di kawasan penyangga TN Sebangau. Variabel yang digunakan adalah modal sosial, modal alam, modal fisik, modal manusia dan modal finansial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari kriteria dan subkriteria pada 3 strategi, yaitu pengembangan masyarakat lokal, perencanaan sosial dan aksi sosial, kriteria ‘pengembangan masyarakat lokal’ merupakan model pemberdayaan yang tepat untuk diterapkan di kawasan penyangga TN Sebangau. Sehingga diperlukan strategi pengembangan yang sesuai dengan masing-masing variabel terkait penghidupan berkelanjutan (sustainable livelihood).Abstract:  Sebangau National Park buffer zone had problem in many sectors like social, economic and environment. One of them is deforestation. Currently, people who lived at Sebangau National Park buffer zone depends on it natural resources. However, low-welvare condition requires people doing some violation against Sebangau National Park policy and potentially interfere the ecosistem. Sustainable livelihood approach presumed can be one solution to solve the problem at Sebangau National Park buffer zone. This research used qualitative descriptive approach, with scoring method, AHP and triangulation analysis. Research subject is people who lived at  Sebangau National Park buffer zone. Variabel that used is social capital, natural capital, physical capital, human capital and financial capital. The results showed that from criteria and sub criteria on 3 strategy, that is local community development strategy, social planning strategy and social action strategy, local community development criteria is exactly empowerment model to apply at Sebangau National Park buffer zone. So that the development strategy of the models are needed in accordance with each variable related to sustainable livelihood.