bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Head and neck cancer survivorship consensus statement from the American Head and Neck Society
Authors: Goyal Neerav , Day Andrew , Epstein Joel , Goodman Joseph , Graboyes Evan , Jalisi Scharukh , Kiess Ana P. , Ku Jamie A. , Miller Matthew C. , Panwar Aru , Patel Vijay A. , Sacco Assuntina , Sandulache Vlad , Williams Amy M. , Deschler Daniel , Farwell D. Gregory , Nathan Cherie‐Ann , Fakhry Carole , Agrawal Nishant
Published: November 2021

Objectives

To provide a consensus statement describing best practices and evidence regarding head and neck cancer survivorship.

Methods

Key topics regarding head and neck cancer survivorship were identified by the multidisciplinary membership of the American Head and Neck Society Survivorship, Supportive Care & Rehabilitation Service. Guidelines were generated by combining expert opinion and a review of the literature and categorized by level of evidence.

Results

Several areas regarding survivorship including dysphonia, dysphagia, fatigue, chronic pain, intimacy, the ability to return to work, financial toxicity, lymphedema, psycho‐oncology, physical activity, and substance abuse were identified and discussed. Additionally, the group identified and described the role of key clinicians in survivorship including surgical, medical and radiation oncologists; dentists; primary care physicians; psychotherapists; as well as physical, occupational, speech, and respiratory therapists.

Conclusion

Head and neck cancer survivorship is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach centered around patients and their caregivers. As survival related to head and neck cancer treatment improves, addressing post‐treatment concerns appropriately is critically important to our patient's quality of life. There continues to be a need to define effective and efficient programs that can coordinate this multidisciplinary effort toward survivorship.
Study on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of Mg–(4 − x)Gd–xY–2Zn (x = 0, 2, 4 wt%) alloy
Authors: Wang Yunhao , Liu Zili , Liu Xiqin , Xie Huanjian , Shi Yong , Liu Fang , Li Jian
Published: November 2021

The relationship between the corrosion behavior of Mg–Gd–Y–Zn alloy and the content of rare earth elements was investigated. The results show that the Mg–4Gd–2Zn (VZ42) contains only α‐Mg matrix and W phase, while there are α‐Mg matrix, W phase and X phase in Mg–2Gd–2Y–2Zn (VWZ) and Mg–4Y–2Zn (WZ42). The corrosion rates measured by weight loss of VZ42, VWZ, and WZ42 are 8.17, 4.49, and 6.05 mm/year, respectively. Through the observation of microstructure, it is found that the corrosion first occurs around the W phase, which means that the micro galvanic effect caused by the W phase is more serious than that of the X phase. The more W phase, the greater the corrosion rate of the alloy. But continuously distributed layered X phase will form a barrier and protect α‐Mg from corrosion. It is found that different distribution of the second phase will also lead to different corrosion resistance.
RAFT Polymerization of a Renewable Ricinoleic Acid‐Derived Monomer and Subsequent Post‐Polymerization Modification via the Biginelli‐3‐Component Reaction
Authors: Windbiel Julian T. , Meier Michael A. R.
Published: November 2021

The search for renewable monomers for radical polymerization techniques is of current interest due to the awareness of sustainability requirements in the chemical sciences. Herein, the synthesis and reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization of a renewable methacrylate monomer based on ricinoleic acid as sustainable starting material is presented. In addition, the hydroxy moiety of the ricinoleic acid is converted to an acetoacetate in order to allow for a post‐polymerization modification (PPM) using the Biginelli‐three‐component reaction (B‐3CR), rendering the presented monomer a renewable and highly flexible reactant for the synthesis of polymer materials. Consequently, RAFT polymerization yields macromolecules with a molecular weight of up to 15 000 g mol−1 and expectedly narrow molecular weight distributions with Ðs around 1.13. The feasibility of chain extension and block copolymer synthesis is demonstrated. Eventually, the PPM of the acetoacetate moiety of the polymer repeating units using the B‐3CR is proven to be efficient with conversions of up to 95% of the acetoacetates, while the modification allows for a pronounced increase of the glass transition temperature to approximately room temperature compared to the unmodified polymers (Tg = −50 °C).
Projections and unconditional bases in direct sums of ℓp spaces, 0<p≤∞
Authors: Albiac Fernando , Ansorena José Luis
Published: November 2021

We show that every unconditional basis in a finite direct sum , with , splits into unconditional bases of each summand. This settles a 40 years old question raised in “A. Ortyński, Unconditional bases in , , Math. Nachr. 103 (1981), 109–116”. As an application we obtain that for any finite, the spaces , , and have a unique unconditional basis up to permutation.
Asymmetric Hybrid Siloxane Side Chains for Enhanced Mobility and Mechanical Properties of Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Based Polymers
Authors: Yuan Ye , Zhao Fengsheng , Ding Yafei , Zhang Guobing , Wang Xiaohong , Qiu Longzhen
Published: November 2021

High performance organic field effect transistor devices based on intrinsically scalable materials are of great significance in wearable electronics. In this work, an exclusive approach is reported to rationale the carrier mobility and stretchability of the conjugate polymers (CPs) by modifying the symmetry of the side chains species. Semiconductor CPs with symmetrical alkyl side chains (P(C‐C)), symmetrical siloxane side chains (P(Si‐Si)), and asymmetrical silicon‐carbon side chains (P(C‐Si)) are synthesized to investigate the influence of these side chains on the carrier mobility and mechanical behavior. The result shows that silicon‐carbon asymmetric side chains can modulate the aggregation degree of polymer chains with a coherence length of 134 Å and maintain the mobility at 0.90 cm2 V−1 s−1. P(C‐Si) exhibits superior tensile properties that even elongation up to 100% the value of mobility retains a majority properties. The main reason is that the lowest coherence length of P(C‐Si) polymer leads to an increased proportion of amorphous zones in its polymer film, which efficiently dissipates mechanical stresses. This study provides an efficient strategy for the design and synthesis of the CPs with high carrier transport properties‐mechanical stability.
Wideband quasi‐Yagi antenna with stable radiation patterns for base‐station applications
Authors: Wu Duo‐Long , Yang Kang Yu , Zhu Wen Jian , Li Jian‐Feng , Ye Liang Hua
Published: November 2021

A novel wideband quasi‐Yagi antenna with a dipole driver, an octagon‐shaped director, and a box‐shaped reflector is proposed in this letter. The dipole driver is excited by a wideband balun with a stepped microstrip for good impedance matching. In addition, the proposed octagon‐shaped director not only realizes good impedance matching but also stabilizes the radiation pattern. To further stabilize the radiation pattern, the reflector of the antenna is designed in a box shape. As a result, the proposed antenna achieves a wide bandwidth of 81.7% for |S11| ≤ −15 dB from 1.65 to 3.93 GHz. Additionally, the proposed antenna obtains a stable half‐power beamwidth of 62 ± 5° in the horizontal plane and a high gain of 8.3 ± 1 dBi from 1.7 to 3.6 GHz.
Stable Isotopes and Movement of Walleye Change Following Ecological Shifts Driven by Dreissenid Mussels
Authors: Whitinger John A. , Zorn Troy G. , Gerig Brandon S.
Published: November 2021

The Great Lakes support some of the most productive fisheries for Walleye Sander vitreus in North America, although system-level change from overexploitation, pollution, and invasive species has dramatically changed these fisheries over time. More recently, the widespread establishment of dreissenid mussels (zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha and quagga mussel D. bugensis) has strongly altered energy flow by sequestering nutrients in nearshore benthic habitats, thereby influencing primary, secondary, and prey fish production with implications for Walleye. While the impacts of dreissenids on the open-water food web are well established, little is known about their influence on fish populations occupying nearshore or embayment habitats. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that ecosystem changes resulting from dreissenid mussels have altered the stable isotope ratios and displacement of Walleye in Little Bay de Noc, an embayment of Lake Michigan. Retrospective isotope analysis of fin spines over a 31-year time series coincident with the invasion of dreissenid mussels suggests that alterations in energy dynamics have increased Walleye reliance on nearshore benthic energy. From reports of jaw-tagged Walleye caught over the same time period, we found significant temporal changes in Walleye displacement distances from the tagging site that were strongly size dependent following the invasion of dreissenid mussels. These results potentially suggest that the spatial distribution of large Walleye shifted in response to prey availability or habitat conditions. Additionally, sex-specific differences in Walleye displacement indicate that females move greater distances than males, possibly driven by higher energetic and reproductive demands. Our findings suggest that the largest Walleye are seasonally leaving Little Bay de Noc, potentially altering the dynamics of the sport fishery in Green Bay and impacting management programs that occur across state lines.
The relationship between caregiver burden and self‐care agency of pregnant women with 0–6‐year‐old children
Authors: Ergün Sibel
Published: November 2021

Aim

This study aims to determine the relationship between the burden of care and self‐care abilities of pregnant women with 0–6‐year‐old children and the factors affecting them.

Design

A cross‐sectional questionnaire survey.

Methods

This study consisted of 348 pregnant women over the age of 18, with children between the ages of 0–6.

Results

The study determined that the self‐care ability mean scores of mothers who have two or more children between the ages of 0–6 were low and the caregiver burden mean scores were high. The researcher found a negative correlation between the self‐care ability scale scores and caregiver burden scale scores of pregnant women included in the study. These results are statistically significant and valuable in terms of revealing information about the caregiver burden and self‐care ability of pregnant women with 0–6‐year‐old children.
Continuous‐time receding‐horizon reinforcement learning and its application to path‐tracking control of autonomous ground vehicles
Authors: Lu Yang , Li Wenzhang , Zhang Xinglong , Xu Xin
Published: November 2021

Reinforcement learning (RL) and approximate dynamic programming (ADP) have been recently studied to solve nonlinear optimal control problems (OCPs) of continuous‐time (CT) systems. However, online learning efficiency and reliability are two major concerns to be further improved. Motivated by the above issues, in this paper we propose a receding‐horizon reinforcement learning (RHRL) algorithm for near‐optimal control of CT systems under control constraints. Different from classic RL and ADP, in the proposed approach, the infinite‐horizon OCP is decomposed as a series of finite‐horizon ones solved with an actor‐critic structure according to the receding horizon strategy, which can improve the online learning efficiency and reliability. The unknown dynamics of the system are identified offline using a sparse kernel‐based neural network structure whose weights are also updated online in the RHRL framework to improve the control performance. Moreover, the convergence of the modeling error is proven. To verify the effectiveness of our approach, we apply the RHRL algorithm to the autonomous ground vehicle for realizing near‐optimal path‐tracking control. Compared with CT model predictive control using a nominal model and other model‐free tracking controllers such as pure pursuit, heuristic dual programming, and the soft actor‐critic algorithm, RHRL performs better in terms of control performance.
Stochastic maximum principle for partially observed risk‐sensitive optimal control problems of mean‐field forward‐backward stochastic differential equations
Authors: Ma Heping , Wang Weifeng
Published: November 2021

This paper deals with a partially observed risk‐sensitive optimal control problem described by mean‐field forward‐backward stochastic differential equations and the cost functional is a mean‐field exponential of integral type. By using Girsanov's theorem as well as classical convex variational techniques, we obtain two risk‐sensitive maximum principles, which are characterized in terms of the variational inequalities. Moreover, under certain concavity assumption, we give the sufficient condition for the optimality. Through the application of results, we consider the linear‐quadratic risk‐sensitive optimal control problem under partially observed information and fully observed information, respectively.
Dynamic properties of composite panel sandwiched by a perforated fiber reinforced damping film
Authors: Yuan Lihua , Liang Sen
Published: November 2021

Composite panel sandwiched by a perforated fiber reinforced damping film (CPSPFRDF) is a novel damping treatment structure. Compared with conventional damping sandwich composites, CPSPFRDF has higher stiffness under the large damping. A ring deformation model is proposed to characterize the misalignment of fibers. A multi‐scale mathematical model is established by means of the analytical method of cell structure. The equivalent elastic parameters of the perforated fiber reinforced damping film are obtained. The complex stiffness method is applied to build the dynamic model of the structure. The validity of the theoretical model is verified by experiments. The relationships of design parameters with the dynamic properties of CPSPFRDF are revealed further. This study will provide a reference for the design and manufacture of the composites with large damping and high stiffness.
Unveiling gene expression regulation of the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa toxin receptor ADAM10 by the potato dietary miR171c in Colorado potato beetle
Authors: Robles‐Fort Aida , Pescador‐Dionisio Sara , García‐Robles Inmaculada , Sentandreu Vicente , Martínez‐Ramírez Amparo C. , Real M. Dolores , Rausell Carolina
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

The Colorado potato beetle (CPB) is a worldwide devastating pest of potato plants and other Solanaceae characterized by its remarkable ability to evolve resistance to insecticides. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry3Aa toxin represents an environmentally safe alternative for CPB control but larvae susceptibility to this toxin has been reported to vary depending on the host plant on which larvae feed. To gain more insight into how nutrition mediates Bt tolerance through effects on gene expression, here we explored the post‐transcriptional regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs) of the CPB‐ADAM10 gene encoding the Cry3Aa toxin functional receptor ADAM10.

RESULTS

The lower CPB‐ADAM10 gene expression in CPB larvae fed on potato plants cv. Vivaldi than those fed on potato cv. Monalisa or tomato plants was inversely related to Cry3Aa toxicity. By high‐throughput sequencing we identified seven CPB miRNAs and one potato miRNA predicted to base pair with the CPB‐ADAM10 messenger RNA. No differential expression of the endogenous lde‐miR1175‐5p was found in larvae feeding on any of the two potato plant varieties. However, statistically significant increased amounts of potato stu‐miR171c‐5p were detected in CPB larvae fed on potato cv. Vivaldi compared to larvae fed on potato cv. Monalisa.

CONCLUSION

Our results support a role for dietary miRNAs in Bt toxicity by regulating the CPB‐ADAM10 gene encoding the Cry3Aa toxin receptor ADAM10 in CPB larvae and opening up the possibility of exploiting plant natural variation in miRNAs to provide more sustainable potato crop protection against CPB. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
17O‐excess and d‐excess of atmospheric water vapor measured by cavity ring‐down spectrometry: Evidence of a matrix effect and implication for the calibration procedure
Authors: Voigt Claudia , Vallet‐Coulomb Christine , Piel Clément , Alexandre Anne
Published: November 2021

Rationale

Producing robust high‐frequency time series of raw atmospheric water vapor isotope data using laser spectrometry requires accurate calibration. In particular, the chemical composition of the analyzed sample gas can cause isotope bias. This study assesses the matrix effect on calibrated δ17O, δ18O, δ2H, 17O‐excess, and d‐excess values of atmospheric water vapor.

Methods

A Picarro L2140‐i cavity ring‐down spectrometer with an autosampler and a vaporizer is used to analyze δ17O, δ18O, δ2H, 17O‐excess, and d‐excess of two water standards. Isotope data obtained using synthetic air and dry ambient air as carrier gas at water mixing ratios ranging from 2000 to 30 000 ppmv are compared. Based on the results, atmospheric water vapor measurements are calibrated. The expected precision is estimated by Monte Carlo simulation.

Results

The dry air source strongly impacts raw isotope values of the two water standards but has no effect on the mixing ratio dependency functions. When synthetic air is used, δ17O, δ18O, and 17O‐excess of calibrated atmospheric water vapor are overestimated by 0.6‰, 0.7‰, and 217 per meg, respectively, whereas δ2H and d‐excess are underestimated by 1.5‰ and 7.3‰. Optimum precisions for the calibrated δ17O, δ18O, δ2H, 17O‐excess, and d‐excess values and 12 min integration time are 0.02‰, 0.03‰, 0.4‰, 14 per meg, and 0.4‰, respectively.

Conclusions

Regarding the obtained results, recommendations for the calibration of atmospheric water vapor isotope measurements are presented. The necessity to use dry ambient air as dry air source when running the standards for calibration is pointed out as a prerequisite for accurate atmospheric water vapor 17O‐excess and d‐excess measurements.
Single‐Atom Gold Isolated Onto Nanoporous MoSe2 for Boosting Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction
Authors: Chen Dechao , Luo Min , Ning Shoucong , Lan Jiao , Peng Wei , Lu Ying‐Rui , Chan Ting‐Shan , Tan Yongwen
Published: November 2021

The electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) provides a promising strategy to convert the abundant but inert N2 into NH3 using renewable energy. Herein, single‐atom Au isolated onto bicontinous nanoporous MoSe2 (np‐MoSe2) is designed as an electrocatalyst for achieving highly efficient NRR catalysis, which exhibits a high Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 37.82% and an NH3 production rate of 30.83 µg h−1 mg−1 at –0.3 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in 0.1 m Na2SO4 under ambient conditions. Experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that the introduction of single Au atoms onto np‐MoSe2 optimizes the adsorption of NRR intermediates while suppressing the competing HER, thus providing an energetic‐favorable process for enhancing the catalytic selectivity toward electrochemical N2 reduction into NH3.
Triphenylamine‐Based Conjugated Polyelectrolyte as a Hole Transport Layer for Efficient and Scalable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Harit Amit Kumar , Jung Eui Dae , Ha Jung Min , Park Jong Hyun , Tripathi Ayushi , Noh Young Wook , Song Myoung Hoon , Woo Han Young
Published: November 2021

π‐Conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) have been studied as interlayers on top of a separate hole transport layer (HTL) to improve the wetting, interfacial defect passivation, and crystal growth of perovskites. However, very few CPE‐based HTLs have been reported without rational molecular design as ideal HTLs for perovskite solar cells (PeSCs). In this study, the authors synthesize a triphenylamine‐based anionic CPE (TPAFS‐TMA) as an HTL for p‐i‐n‐type PeSCs. TPAFS‐TMA has appropriate frontier molecular orbital (FMO) levels similar to those of the commonly used poly(bis(4‐phenyl)‐2,4,6‐trimethylphenylamine) (PTAA) HTL. The ionic and semiconducting TPAFS‐TMA shows high compatibility, high transmittance, appropriate FMO energy levels for hole extraction and electron blocking, as well as defect passivating properties, which are confirmed using various optical and electrical analyses. Thus, the PeSC with the TPAFS‐TMA HTL exhibits the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.86%, which is better than that of the PTAA‐based device (PCE of 19.97%). In addition, it exhibits negligible device‐to‐device variations in its photovoltaic performance, contrary to the device with PTAA. Finally, a large‐area PeSC (1 cm2) and mini‐module (3 cm2), showing PCEs of 19.46% and 18.41%, respectively, are successfully fabricated. The newly synthesized TPAFS‐TMA may suggest its great potential as an HTL for large‐area PeSCs.
Synthesis of Selenium‐Enriched Cassava Starch with Immediate Antioxidant Activity and Its Antioxidant Catalytic Mechanism
Authors: Jiao Shufei , Shi Cheng , Liang Xingtang , Wang Feng , Zheng Yunying , Liu Zijie , Liu Min , Hu Huayu , Zhong Shuming , Yin Yanzhen
Published: November 2021

The development of selenium‐enriched food is one of the most effective ways to acheive selenium supplementation. However, the selenium content in selenium‐enriched food is unstable, and the selenium in the food needs to be incorporated into glutathione peroxidase (GPx) by the human body before it can exert its antioxidant activity. Herein, a selenium‐enriched cassava starch (Se‐ca‐starch80) with immediate antioxidant activity is synthesized by the successive esterification and selenation of cassava starch. The characterizations such as proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) indicate that the reactions mainly occur on the surface of starch and do not destroy the starch skeleton significantly. Such Se‐ca‐starch80 with selenium content of 9.44 µg g–1 reveals a remarkable antioxidant activity (the initial rate of the catalytic reaction, v0 > 10 µmol L–1 min–1) due to the cooperation of catalytic centers, substrate recognition sites, and hydrophobic microenvironments. Similar to the natural GPx, the Se‐ca‐starch80 is non‐cytotoxic and shows a saturation kinetic catalytic behavior. This work may open the door to design modified starch for functional foods and antioxidant drugs.
Marker‐assisted forward breeding to develop a drought‐, bacterial‐leaf‐blight‐, and blast‐resistant rice cultivar
Authors: Singh Uma Maheshwar , Dixit Shilpi , Alam Shamshad , Yadav Shailesh , Prasanth Vinukonda Vishnu , Singh Arun Kumar , Venkateshwarlu Challa , Abbai Ragavendran , Vipparla Abhilash Kumar , Badri Jyothi , Ram Tilatoo , Prasad Madamshetty Srinivas , Laha Gouri Sankar , Singh Vikas Kumar , Kumar Arvind
Published: November 2021

Among the different challenges related to rice (Oryza sativaL.) cultivation, drought, bacterial leaf blight (BLB), and blast are the key stresses that significantly affect grain yield (GY) in rice. To ameliorate this issue, marker‐assisted forward breeding (MAFB) coupled with a simultaneous crossing approach was used to combine three drought tolerant quantitative trait loci (QTL)—qDTY1.1,qDTY3.1, andqDTY12.1—four BLB genes—Xa4,xa5,xa13, andXa21—and one blast‐resistance gene,Pi9, in the elite rice cultivar Lalat. The introgression lines (ILs) developed in the current study were phenotypically screened for drought, BLB, and blast resistance at the F7–F8generation. Under the reproductive stage (RS) drought stress, the yield advantage of ILs, with major‐effect QTL (qDTY) over elite parent Lalat, ranges from 9 to 124% in DS2019 and from 7 to 175% in WS2019. The selected ILs were highly resistant to BLB, with lesion lengths ranging from 1.3 to 3.0 cm and blast scores ranging from 1 to 3. ILs that were tolerant to RS drought, resistant to BLB, and blast disease and had similar or higher yields than Lalat were analyzed for grain quality. Six ILs were found to have similar grain quality characteristics to Lalat including hulling, milling, head rice recovery (HRR), chalkiness, alkali spreading value (ASV), and amylose content (AC). This study showed that MAFB, together with simultaneous crossing, would be an effective strategy to rapidly combine multiple stresses in rice. The ILs developed in this study could help to ensure yield sustainability in rainfed environments or be used as genetic material in future breeding programs.
Understanding Alzheimer's disease as a disorder of consciousness
Authors: Huntley Jonathan D. , Fleming Stephen M. , Mograbi Daniel C. , Bor Daniel , Naci Lorina , Owen Adrian M. , Howard Robert
Published: November 2021

People with Alzheimer's disease (AD) demonstrate a range of alterations in consciousness. Changes in awareness of cognitive deficit, self‐awareness, and introspection are seen early in AD, and dysfunction of awareness and arousal progresses with increasing disease severity. However, heterogeneity of deficits between individuals and a lack of empirical studies in people with severe dementia highlight the importance of identifying and applying biomarkers of awareness in AD. Impairments of awareness in AD are associated with neuropathology in regions that overlap with proposed neural correlates of consciousness. Recent developments in consciousness science provide theoretical frameworks and experimental approaches to help further understand the conscious experience of people with AD. Recognition of AD as a disorder of consciousness is overdue, and important to both understand the lived experience of people with AD and to improve care.
Diversion proctocolitis and the problem of the forgotten rectum in inflammatory bowel diseases: A systematic review
Authors: Dal Buono Arianna , Carvello Michele , Sachar David B. , Spinelli Antonino , Danese Silvio , Roda Giulia
Published: November 2021

Background and aims

Diversion proctocolitis (DP) is a non‐specific mucosal inflammation arising in the defunctionalized colon and/or rectum following faecal diversion (colostomy, ileostomy). Differential diagnosis of DP from the underlying disease in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is often unclear. As a result, it might be difficult to undertake any specific treatment. We aimed to systematically review the literature evidence on DP in IBD patients.

Methods

For this qualitative systematic review, we searched PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus to identify all studies published until July 2021 including IBD patients affected by DP.

Results

Overall, 37 papers published between 1982 and 2021 were included. A total of 1.211 IBD patients were included: 613 UC (50.6%), 524 CD (43.3%), 66 IBD‐unclassified (IBD‐U) (5.4%), 8 unspecified patients (0.7%). Most patients with DP are asymptomatic, although inflammation is detectable in almost all patients with a rectal stump. Reduced short‐chain fatty acids and an altered microbiome, may trigger mucosal inflammation and have been proposed as causing factors. An increased risk of developing cancer on DP has been reported in patients with a history of previous dysplasia/cancer.

Conclusions

The etiopathogenesis of DP is still unknown. The efficacy of mesalamine, corticosteroids or short‐chain fatty acids has not been proven by randomized trials yet. Since the incidence of cancer of the rectal stump can reach 4.5 per 1.000 diverted patients‐year, IBD patients undergoing subtotal colectomy with end‐ileostomy should undergo close endoscopic surveillance, being eventually counseled for surgery with or without the restoration of the intestinal continuity.
»Soziale« Armut in der soziologischen Theorie
Authors: Knabe André
Published: November 2021

Bereits in der Einleitung wurde erläutert, dass mit dem Begriff Armut sehr unterschiedliche Dinge gemeint sein können und dass es gar nicht so einfach ist, sich darauf zu verständigen, worin genau Armut eigentlich besteht. Eine theoretische Auseinandersetzung mit den Armutsbegriff scheint daher dringend geboten, um präzise zu bleiben und nicht in die Beliebigkeit abzurutschen. Die begriffliche Annäherung erfolgt in drei Schritten. Im ersten Schritt werden ausgewählte, im Kontext des Themas bedeutsame soziologische Konzepte zusammengefasst und für die empirische Auseinandersetzung fruchtbar gemacht. Im zweiten Schritt wird die in der theoretischen Auseinandersetzung gewonnene Auffassung von Armut durch Implikationen zu Ungleichheiten aus Sicht der soziologischen ﻿Netzwerkforschung erweitert. Im dritten Schritt werden diese beiden Sichtweisen zu einer theoretischen Perspektive auf den Begriff der »sozialen« Armut verdichtet.
Logarithmic corrections to the entropy of non-extremal black holes in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 Einstein-Maxwell supergravity
Authors: Banerjee Gourav , Panda Binata
Published: November 2021

Abstract

We reviewed the field redefinition approach of Seeley-DeWitt expansion for the determination of Seeley-DeWitt coefficients from arXiv:1505.01156. We apply this approach to compute the first three Seeley-DeWitt coefficients for “non-minimal” $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 Einstein-Maxwell supergravity in four dimensions. Finally, we use the third coefficient for the computation of the logarithmic corrections to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of non-extremal black holes following arXiv:1205.0971. We determine the logarithmic corrections for non-extremal Kerr-Newman, Kerr, Reissner-Nordström and Schwarzschild black holes in “non-minimal” $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1, d = 4 Einstein-Maxwell supergravity.
Zur Publikationsleistung der universitären Unfallchirurgie in Deutschland
Authors: Preut J. , Frosch K.-H. , Debus E. S. , Grundmann R. T.
Published: November 2021

Hintergrund

Zu den Leistungskriterien einer Universitätsklinik gehören ihre Publikationsaktivitäten. Ziel der vorliegenden bibliometrischen Untersuchung war es, die Publikationsaktivitäten deutscher unfallchirurgischer Universitätskliniken in einem Benchmarking vergleichend darzustellen.

Material und Methodik

Die Publikationsleistung der Führungsmannschaften, bestehend aus Chef- und Oberärzten, Sektions- und Bereichsleitern von 39 deutschen unfallchirurgischen Universitätskliniken wurde über 10 Jahre (01.01.2010 bis 31.12.2019) erfasst. Berücksichtigt wurden alle Publikationen, die in PubMed gelistet waren und bei denen die entsprechenden Personen Erst- oder Letztautor waren. Zusätzlich wurde der Impact-Faktor (IF) bestimmt.

Ergebnisse

Insgesamt wurden 4438 Veröffentlichungen erfasst, publiziert von 381 Chirurgen. Der Anteil der publizierenden Mitarbeiter betrug 72,8 %. Publiziert wurde in 545 Journalen. Der durchschnittliche IF aller Publikationen war 1,81. Die Publikationsaktivitäten der Kliniken zeigten eine hohe Streubreite, dies galt sowohl für die Publikationsanzahl als auch für die generierten IF des einzelnen Mitarbeiters. Die Publikationsaktivität reichte von durchschnittlich 16,4 Publikationen pro Mitarbeiter in der bestplatzierten Klinik bis 1,5 Publikationen bei der letztplatzierten. Gleiches ergab die Summe der IF. In der nach diesem Maßstab bestplatzierten Klinik erzielte der einzelne Mitarbeiter durchschnittlich kumuliert 42,1 IF verglichen mit 1,7 IF bei der letztplatzierten.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Publikationsleistung deutscher unfallchirurgischer Universitätskliniken zeigt eine hohe Varianz, wie dies auch bei anderen Disziplinen gefunden wurde. Die Ursachen müssen offen bleiben, eine unterschiedliche Forschungsmotivation ist aber nicht auszuschließen.
Impact of insufficient sleep on dysregulated blood glucose control under standardised meal conditions
Authors: Tsereteli Neli , Vallat Raphael , Fernandez-Tajes Juan , Delahanty Linda M. , Ordovas Jose M. , Drew David A. , Valdes Ana M. , Segata Nicola , Chan Andrew T. , Wolf Jonathan , Berry Sarah E. , Walker Matthew P. , Spector Timothy D. , Franks Paul W.
Published: November 2021

Aims/hypothesis

Sleep, diet and exercise are fundamental to metabolic homeostasis. In this secondary analysis of a repeated measures, nutritional intervention study, we tested whether an individual’s sleep quality, duration and timing impact glycaemic response to a breakfast meal the following morning.

Methods

Healthy adults’ data (N = 953 [41% twins]) were analysed from the PREDICT dietary intervention trial. Participants consumed isoenergetic standardised meals over 2 weeks in the clinic and at home. Actigraphy was used to assess sleep variables (duration, efficiency, timing) and continuous glucose monitors were used to measure glycaemic variation (>8000 meals).

Results

Sleep variables were significantly associated with postprandial glycaemic control (2 h incremental AUC), at both between- and within-person levels. Sleep period time interacted with meal type, with a smaller effect of poor sleep on postprandial blood glucose levels when high-carbohydrate (low fat/protein) (pinteraction = 0.02) and high-fat (pinteraction = 0.03) breakfasts were consumed compared with a reference 75 g OGTT. Within-person sleep period time had a similar interaction (high carbohydrate: pinteraction = 0.001, high fat: pinteraction = 0.02). Within- and between-person sleep efficiency were significantly associated with lower postprandial blood glucose levels irrespective of meal type (both p < 0.03). Later sleep midpoint (time deviation from midnight) was found to be significantly associated with higher postprandial glucose, in both between-person and within-person comparisons (p = 0.035 and p = 0.051, respectively).

Conclusions/interpretation

Poor sleep efficiency and later bedtime routines are associated with more pronounced postprandial glycaemic responses to breakfast the following morning. A person’s deviation from their usual sleep pattern was also associated with poorer postprandial glycaemic control. These findings underscore sleep as a modifiable, non-pharmacological therapeutic target for the optimal regulation of human metabolic health.

Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03479866.

Graphical abstract
Modeling of cutting forces in 1-D and 2-D ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling of Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Rinck Philipp M. , Gueray Alpcan , Zaeh Michael F.
Published: November 2021

To meet the modern demands for lightweight construction and energy efficiency, hard-to-machine materials such as ceramics, superalloys, and fiber-reinforced plastics are being used progressively. These materials can only be machined with great effort using conventional machining processes due to the high cutting forces, poor surface qualities, and the associated tool wear. Vibration-assisted machining has already proven to be an adequate solution in order to achieve extended tool lives, better surface qualities, and reduced cutting forces. This paper presents an analytical force model for longitudinal-torsional vibration-assisted milling (LT-VAM), which can predict cutting forces under intermittent and non-intermittent cutting conditions. Under intermittent cutting conditions, the relative contact ratio between the rake face and the sliding chip is utilized for modelling the shearing forces. Ploughing forces and shearing forces under non-intermittent cutting conditions are calculated by using an extended macroscopic friction reduction model, which can predict the reduced frictional forces under parallel and perpendicular vibration superimposition. The force model was implemented in MATLAB and can predict cutting forces without using any experimental vibration-assisted milling (VAM) data input.
The Quantum Group Dual of the First-Row Subcategory for the Generic Virasoro VOA
Authors: Koshida Shinji , Kytölä Kalle
Published: November 2021

In several examples it has been observed that a module category of a vertex operator algebra (VOA) is equivalent to a category of representations of some quantum group. The present article is concerned with developing such a duality in the case of the Virasoro VOA at generic central charge; arguably the most rudimentary of all VOAs, yet structurally complicated. We do not address the category of all modules of the generic Virasoro VOA, but we consider the infinitely many modules from the first row of the Kac table. Building on an explicit quantum group method of Coulomb gas integrals, we give a new proof of the fusion rules, we prove the analyticity of compositions of intertwining operators, and we show that the conformal blocks are fully determined by the quantum group method. Crucially, we prove the associativity of the intertwining operators among the first-row modules, and find that the associativity is governed by the 6j-symbols of the quantum group. Our results constitute a concrete duality between a VOA and a quantum group, and they will serve as the key tools to establish the equivalence of the first-row subcategory of modules of the generic Virasoro VOA and the category of (type-1) finite-dimensional representations of $${\mathcal {U}}_q (\mathfrak {sl}_2)$$

U
q

(

sl
2

)

.
High-power short-duration versus standard-power standard-duration settings for repeat atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Junarta Joey , Dikdan Sean J. , Upadhyay Naman , Bodempudi Sairamya , Shvili Michael Y. , Frisch Daniel R.
Published: November 2021

Introduction

High-power short-duration (HPSD) ablation is a novel strategy using contact force-sensing catheters optimized for radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). No study has directly compared HPSD versus standard-power standard-duration (SPSD) contact force-sensing settings in patients presenting for repeat ablation with AF recurrence after initial ablation.

Methods

We studied consecutive cases of patients with AF undergoing repeat ablation with SPSD or HPSD settings after their initial pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with temperature controlled non-contact force, SPSD or HPSD settings between 6/23/14 and 3/4/20. Procedural data collected included radiofrequency ablation delivery time (RADT). Clinical data collected include sinus rhythm maintenance post-procedure.

Results

A total of 61 patients underwent repeat ablation (36 SPSD, 25 HPSD). A total of 51 patients (83.6%) were found to have pulmonary vein reconnections necessitating repeat isolation, 10 patients (16.4%) had durable PVI and ablation targeted non-PV sources. RADT was shorter when comparing repeat ablation using HPSD compared to SPSD (22 vs 35 min; p = 0.01). There was no difference in sinus rhythm maintenance by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis (log rank test p = 0.87), after 3 or 12-months between groups overall, and when stratified by AF type, left atrial volume index, CHA2DS2-VASc score, or left ventricular ejection fraction.

Conclusion

We demonstrated that repeat AF ablation with HPSD reduced procedure times with similar sinus rhythm maintenance compared to SPSD in those presenting for repeat ablation.
Clinical outcomes of anterior tibiofibular ligament’s distal fascicle transfer versus ligament reconstruction with InternalBrace™ for chronic ankle instability patients
Authors: Tian Jiaxin , Mok Tsz-Ngai , Sin Tat-Hang , Zha Zhengang , Zheng Xiaofei , Teng Qiang , Hou Huige
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Treatment of chronic ankle instability (CAI) for ankle sprain patients remains a challenge. If initial treatments fail, surgical stabilization techniques including ligament reconstruction should be performed. Anterior tibiofibular ligament (ATiFL) distal fascicle transfer for CAI was recently introduced. The goal of the study is to assess the 1-year clinical effectiveness of ATiFL’s distal fascicle transfer versus ligament reconstruction with InternalBrace™ (Fa. Arthrex, Naples).

Methods

Between October 2019 and February 2021, 25 patients (14 males and 11 females) scheduled for ligament reconstruction treatment of CAI were enrolled after propensity score matching. Twelve underwent ligament reconstruction with InternalBrace™ (InternalBrace™ group) and thirteen underwent ATiFL’s distal fascicle transfer (ATiFL’s distal fascicle transfer group). We recorded the American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), anterior drawer test grade, patient satisfaction and complications. All results of this study were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

Statistically significant (p = 0.0251, independent-samples t test) differences in the AOFAS can be found between the ATiFL’s distal fascicle transfer group and the InternalBrace™ group. No substantial changes in the VAS (p = 0.1778, independent-samples t test), patient satisfaction (p = 0.1800, independent-samples t test) and anterior drawer test grade (p = 0.9600, independent-samples t test) were found between the two groups. There was one patient with superficial wound infection and one patient with sural nerve injury in the InternalBrace™ group and ATiFL’s distal fascicle transfer group, respectively.

Conclusion

This is the first study that assessed a cohort of CAI patients and suggests that the ATiFL’s distal fascicle transfer operation has the potential to attain good-to-excellent clinical outcomes after 1-year recovery. The AOFAS scores were significantly higher for patients with ATiFL’s distal fascicle transfer, indicating that this technique may be considered a viable option for both patients and their surgeon, while long-term outcomes should be investigated in the future.
APP-guided assessment of acetabular defects in hip revision arthroplasty: a structured approach to a complex situation
Authors: Jaenisch Max , Wirtz Dieter Christian , Kohlhof Hendrik , Gathen Martin , Kabir Koroush , Koob Sebastian , Jansen Tom Rainer
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Acetabular defect recognition and classification remains a challenging field of practice for orthopedic surgeons. Recently, the Acetabular Defect Classification (ADC) has been introduced to provide a reliable, reproducible and intuitive classification system. In order to improve ease of use and efficiency of the ADC, a browser-based application has been created. We hypothesized that the ADC application can improve rating performance of non-specialists (medical students) to achieve good inter- and intra-rater agreement and will compare favorable to the results of specialists (experienced surgeons) without the help of the application.

Materials and methods

The ADC is based on the integrity of the acetabular rim and the supporting structures. It consists of four main types of defects ascending in severity. These defects are further subdivided in A–C, narrowing down defect location. 80 randomized radiographs were graded according to ADC by three non-specialists (medical students) with help of the ADC application and by three specialists (orthopedic surgeons) without help of the application to evaluate the difference in inter-rater agreement between groups. To account for intra-rater agreement, the rating process was repeated after a reasonable wash-out period.

Results

Inter-rater and intra-rater agreement within the non-specialist group rated lower when compared to the specialist group while still falling into the good agreement range. The student group presented with k values of 0.61 for inter-rater agreement and 0.68 for intra-rater agreement, while the surgeon group displayed k values of 0.72 for inter-rater agreement and 0.83 for intra-rater agreement.

Conclusion

The app-guided assessment of acetabular defects offers a promising innovative approach to simplify complex situations. It makes the challenging field of acetabular revision arthroplasty more approachable especially for less experienced surgeons and offers insight and guidance in the planning stage as well as intra-operative setting.
Insights into in vivo follicle formation: a review of in vitro systems
Authors: Tanimoto Ren , Yoshida Kyota , Ikeda Shinya , Obata Yayoi
Published: November 2021

In vitro systems capable of reconstituting the process of mouse oogenesis are now being established to help develop further understanding of the mechanisms underlying oocyte/follicle development and differentiation. These systems could also help increase the production of useful livestock or genetically modified animals, and aid in identifying the causes of infertility in humans. Recently, we revealed, using an in vitro system for recapitulating oogenesis, that the activation of the estrogen signaling pathway induces abnormal follicle formation, that blocking estrogen-induced expression of anti-Müllerian hormone is crucial for normal follicle formation, and that the production of α-fetoprotein in fetal liver tissue is involved in normal in vivo follicle formation. In mouse fetuses, follicle formation is not carried out by factors within the ovaries but is instead orchestrated by distal endocrine factors. This review outlines findings from genetics, endocrinology, and in vitro studies regarding the factors that can affect the formation of primordial follicles in mammals.
The Impact of Maternal Depression and Parent–Child Interactions on Risk of Parasitic Infections in Early Childhood: A Prospective Cohort in Benin
Authors: Garrison Amanda , Maselko Joanna , Saurel-Cubizolles Marie-Josèphe , Courtin David , Zoumenou Roméo , Boivin Michael J. , Massougbodji Achille , Garcia André , Alao Maroufou Jules , Cot Michel , Maman Suzanne , Bodeau-Livinec Florence
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Maternal depression occurs in 13–20% of women from low-income countries, which is associated with negative child health outcomes, including diarrheal disease. However, few studies have investigated its impact on child risk of infectious disease. We studied the impacts of maternal depressive symptoms and parent–child interactions, independently, on the risk ofPlasmodium falciparummalaria and soil-transmitted helminth infection in Beninese children.

Methods

Our population included mothers and children enrolled in a clinical trial during pregnancy (MiPPAD) in Benin. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) assessed maternal depressive symptoms and the home observation measurement of the environment (HOME) assessed parent–child interactions. Blood and stool sample analyses diagnosed child malaria and helminth infection at 12, 18, and 24 months. Negative binomial and Poisson regression models with robust variance tested associations.

Results

Of the 302 mother–child pairs, 39 (12.9%) mothers had depressive symptoms. Median number of malaria episodes per child was 3 (0–14) and 29.1% children had at least one helminth infection. Higher EPDS scores were associated with lower HOME scores; relative risk (RR) 0.97 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95, 0.99), particularly with lower acceptance, involvement, and variety subscales; RR 0.92 (95% CI 0.85, 0.99), RR 0.82 (95% CI 0.77, 0.88), RR 0.93 (95% CI 0.88, 0.99), respectively. However, neither exposure was associated with risk of parasitic infection in children.

Conclusions for Practice

Maternal depressive symptoms are associated with poor parent–child interactions, particularly acceptance of behavior, involvement with children, and variety of interactions, but these exposures do not independently impact risk of parasitic infection in children.