bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discretely decomposable restrictions of (𝔤,K)-modules for Klein four symmetric pairs of exceptional Lie groups of Hermitian type
Authors: He Haian
Published: October 2019

Let [Formula: see text] be a Klein four symmetric pair. The author wants to classify all the Klein four symmetric pairs [Formula: see text] such that there exists at least one nontrivial unitarizable simple [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text] that is discretely decomposable as a [Formula: see text]-module. In this paper, three assumptions will be made. First, [Formula: see text] is an exceptional Lie group of Hermitian type, i.e. [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]. Second, [Formula: see text] is noncompact. Third, there exists an element [Formula: see text] corresponding to a symmetric pair of anti-holomorphic type such that [Formula: see text] is discretely decomposable as a [Formula: see text]-module.
X(3872) as virtual companion pole of the charm–anticharm state χc1(2P)
Authors: Giacosa Francesco , Piotrowska Milena , Coito Susana
Published: October 2019

We study the spectral function of the axial-vector charmonium state [Formula: see text] coupled to [Formula: see text] mesons, by employing a quantum field theoretical approach: a pronounced enhancement close to the [Formula: see text] threshold, to be identified with the [Formula: see text], emerges. In the complex plane we find two poles: a pole for the broad seed state [Formula: see text], and — in the easiest scenario — a virtual pole for the [Formula: see text]. Thus, our approach describes both the seed state and the dynamically generated [Formula: see text] simultaneously. In particular, it explains the most prominent, both molecular-like and quarkonium-like, features of the [Formula: see text]: its very small width (the decay into [Formula: see text] is predicted to be about 0.5 MeV), the enhanced radiative decay into [Formula: see text] with respect to [Formula: see text], and the isospin breaking decay into [Formula: see text] (thanks to [Formula: see text] loops mediating this decay channel). At the same time, we aim to determine the pole position and the properties of the charmonium seed state: quite interestingly, even if a pole is always present, it is possible that there is no peak corresponding to this state in the spectral function, thus potentially explaining why the corresponding resonance could not yet be seen in experiments.
A 217.6–227-GHz CMOS Signal Generator with Injection Locking Technique
Authors: Cheng Weiwei , Quan Xing , Luo Jiang , Su Guodong
Published: October 2019

This paper proposes a 217.6–227-GHz signal generator with injection locking technique in 65-nm CMOS process. The injection locking technique is exploited to synchronize the phases of the two individual voltage control oscillators (VCOs) and improve the output power. The phase noise of the proposed signal generator is improved. The full-layout electromagnetic (EM) simulation in collaboration with the post-layout simulation is utilized to verify the proposed signal generator. The simulation results show that the frequency tuning range is 9.4[Formula: see text]GHz, and the output power is larger than [Formula: see text]14.25[Formula: see text]dBm. The phase noise at 1[Formula: see text]MHz off the carrier is better than [Formula: see text]92.12[Formula: see text]dBc/Hz. The signal generator occupies a compact silicon area of 0.23[Formula: see text]mm2 including all testing pads.
EIGENTIME IDENTITY FOR WEIGHT-DEPENDENT WALK ON A CLASS OF WEIGHTED FRACTAL SCALE-FREE HIERARCHICAL-LATTICE NETWORKS
Authors: WU BO , ZHANG ZHIZHUO , CHEN YINGYING , JU TINGTING , DAI MEIFENG , LI YIN , SU WEIYI
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we construct a class of weighted fractal scale-free hierarchical-lattice networks. Each edge in the network generates [Formula: see text] connected branches in each iteration process and assigns the corresponding weight. To reflect the global characteristics of such networks, we study the eigentime identity determined by the reciprocal sum of non-zero eigenvalues of normalized Laplacian matrix. By the recursive relationship of eigenvalues at two successive generations, we find the eigenvalues and their corresponding multiplicities for two cases when [Formula: see text] is even or odd. Finally, we obtain the analytical expression of the eigentime identity and the scalings with network size of the weighted scale-free networks.
On the Expressive Power of Query Languages for Matrices
Authors: Brijder Robert , Geerts Floris , Bussche Jan Van Den , Weerwag Timmy
Published: October 2019

We investigate the expressive power of MATLANG, a formal language for matrix manipulation based on common matrix operations and linear algebra. The language can be extended with the operation inv for inverting a matrix. In MATLANG + inv, we can compute the transitive closure of directed graphs, whereas we show that this is not possible without inversion. Indeed, we show that the basic language can be simulated in the relational algebra with arithmetic operations, grouping, and summation. We also consider an operation eigen for diagonalizing a matrix. It is defined such that for each eigenvalue a set of mutually orthogonal eigenvectors is returned that span the eigenspace of that eigenvalue. We show that inv can be expressed in MATLANG + eigen. We put forward the open question whether there are Boolean queries about matrices, or generic queries about graphs, expressible in MATLANG + eigen but not in MATLANG + inv. Finally, the evaluation problem for MATLANG + eigen is shown to be complete for the complexity class ∃ R.
Visual Attention Analysis and Prediction on Human Faces for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Duan Huiyu , Min Xiongkuo , Fang Yi , Fan Lei , Yang Xiaokang , Zhai Guangtao
Published: October 2019

The focus of this article is to analyze and predict the visual attention of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) when looking at human faces. Social difficulties are the hallmark features of ASD and will lead to atypical visual attention toward various stimuli more or less, especially on human faces. Learning the visual attention of children with ASD could contribute to related research in the field of medical science, psychology, and education. We first construct a Visual Attention on Faces for Autism Spectrum Disorder (VAFA) database, which consists of 300 natural scene images with human faces and corresponding eye movement data collected from 13 children with ASD. Compared with matched typically developing (TD) controls, we quantify atypical visual attention on human faces in ASD. Statistics show that some high-level factors such as face size, facial features, face pose, and facial emotions have different impacts on the visual attention of children with ASD. Combining the feature maps extracted from the state-of-the-art saliency models, we get the visual attention model on human faces for individuals with ASD. The proposed model shows the best performance among all competitors. With the help of our proposed model, researchers in related fields could design specialized education contents containing human faces for the children with ASD or produce the specific model for rapidly screening ASD using their eye movement data.
Non-polynomial Worst-Case Analysis of Recursive Programs
Authors: Chatterjee Krishnendu , Fu Hongfei , Goharshady Amir Kafshdar
Published: October 2019

We study the problem of developing efficient approaches for proving worst-case bounds of non-deterministic recursive programs. Ranking functions are sound and complete for proving termination and worst-case bounds of non-recursive programs. First, we apply ranking functions to recursion, resulting in measure functions. We show that measure functions provide a sound and complete approach to prove worst-case bounds of non-deterministic recursive programs. Our second contribution is the synthesis of measure functions in non-polynomial forms. We show that non-polynomial measure functions with logarithm and exponentiation can be synthesized through abstraction of logarithmic or exponentiation terms, Farkas Lemma, and Handelman’s Theorem using linear programming. While previous methods obtain polynomial worst-case bounds, our approach can synthesize bounds of various forms including O(
n
log
n
) and O(
n

r

), where
r
is not an integer. We present experimental results to demonstrate that our approach can efficiently obtain worst-case bounds of classical recursive algorithms such as (i) Merge sort, Heap sort, and the divide-and-conquer algorithm for the Closest Pair problem, where we obtain O(
n
log
n
) worst-case bound, and (ii) Karatsuba’s algorithm for polynomial multiplication and Strassen’s algorithm for matrix multiplication, for which we obtain O(
n

r

) bounds such that
r
is not an integer and is close to the best-known bound for the respective algorithm. Besides the ability to synthesize non-polynomial bounds, we also show that our approach is equally capable of obtaining polynomial worst-case bounds for classical programs such as Quick sort and the dynamic programming algorithm for computing Fibonacci numbers.
Features-Enhanced Multi-Attribute Estimation with Convolutional Tensor Correlation Fusion Network
Authors: Duan Mingxing , Li Kenli , Liao Xiangke , Li Keqin , Tian Qi
Published: October 2019

To achieve robust facial attribute estimation, a hierarchical prediction system referred to as tensor correlation fusion network (TCFN) is proposed for attribute estimation. The system includes feature extraction, correlation excavation among facial attribute features, score fusion, and multi-attribute prediction. Subnetworks (Age-Net, Gender-Net, Race-Net, and Smile-Net) are used to extract corresponding features while Main-Net extracts features not only from an input image but also from corresponding pooling layers of subnetworks. Dynamic tensor canonical correlation analysis (DTCCA) is proposed to explore the correlation of different targets’ features in the F7 layers. Then, for binary classifications of gender, race, and smile, corresponding robust decisions are achieved by fusing the results of subnetworks with those of TCFN while for age prediction, facial image into one of age groups, and then ELM regressor performs the final age estimation. Experimental results on benchmarks with multiple face attributes (MORPH-II, Adience Benchmark datasets, LAP-2016, and CelebA) show that the proposed approach has superior performance compared to state of the art.
Intra-Articular versus Subacromial Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Shang Xiaoke , Zhang Zhong , Pan Xuelin , Li Jian , Li Qi
Published: October 2019

Background. Adhesive capsulitis is one of the most well-known causes of pain and stiffness of the shoulder. Corticosteroid injections have been used for many years. However, it is still controversial where corticosteroid should be injected, whether subacromial or intra-articular.Objective. The objective of this meta-analysis was to compare the effects of intra-articular (IA) and subacromial (SA) corticosteroid injections for the treatment of adhesive capsulitis.Materials and Methods. Four foreign databases and two Chinese databases were searched for RCTs and quasi-RCTs involving the comparison of IA and SA corticosteroid injection for the treatment of adhesive capsulitis. The Cochrane risk of bias tool and PEDro score were used to evaluate the quality of the studies. The primary clinical outcomes including VAS, Constant score, ASES score, and ROM were collected. The secondary outcome of corticosteroid-related adverse reactions was also compared between the two groups. The results were evaluated and compared at five time points. Subgroup analyses were performed to further explore the differences between groups.Results. Eight RCTs and one quasi-RCT, involving 512 participants, were identified and included in this meta-analysis. All studies were of low risk of bias and medium-high quality with the PEDro score ≥5 points. The pooled effect showed that there was no significant difference in the primary outcomes between IA injection and SA injection, with an exception of VAS at 2-3 weeks (P=0.02) and ROM of internal rotation at 8–12 weeks (P=0.02). According to the results of subgroup analyses, the differences of VAS and ROM of internal rotation did not last beyond the 2-3-week time period. Additionally, SA injection had the advantage of avoiding adverse reactions from the corticosteroid, especially in avoiding a large fluctuation of serum blood glucose levels.Conclusions. When corticosteroid injection is used to treat adhesive capsulitis, both injection sites can be selected. However, due to the scarcity of related studies, more rigorous trials are needed to confirm the current findings.
Atmospheric PM2.5Concentration Prediction Based on Time Series and Interactive Multiple Model Approach
Authors: Li Jihan , Li Xiaoli , Wang Kang
Published: October 2019

Urbanization, industrialization, and regional economic integration have developed rapidly in China in recent years. Air pollution has attracted more and more attention. However, PM2.5is the main particulate matter in air pollution. Therefore, how to predict PM2.5accurately and effectively has become a concern of experts and scholars. For the problem, atmosphere PM2.5concentration prediction algorithm is proposed based on time series and interactive multiple model in this paper. PM2.5concentration is collected by using the monitor at different air quality levels. The time series models are established by historical PM2.5concentration data, which were given by the autoregressive model (AR). In the paper, three PM2.5time series models are established for three different air quality levels. Then, the three models are converted to state equation, respectively, by autoregressive integrated with Kalman filter (AR-Kalman) approaches. Besides, the proposed interactive multiple model (IMM) algorithm is, respectively, compared with autoregressive (AR) model algorithm and AR-Kalman prediction algorithm. It is turned out the proposed IMM algorithm is more accurate than the other two approaches for PM2.5prediction, and it is effective.
Circulating Leukocytes and Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases: A State of the Art
Authors: Rubattu Speranza , Forte Maurizio , Raffa Salvatore
Published: October 2019

Increased oxidative stress from both mitochondrial and cytosolic sources contributes to the development and the progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and it is a target of therapeutic interventions. The numerous efforts made over the last decades in order to develop tools able to monitor the oxidative stress level in patients affected by CVDs rely on the need to gain information on the disease state. However, this goal has not been satisfactorily accomplished until now. Among others, the isolation of circulating leukocytes to measure their oxidant level offers a valid, noninvasive challenge that has been tested in few pathological contexts, including hypertension, atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations, and heart failure. Since leukocytes circulate in the blood stream, it is expected that they might reflect quite closely both systemic and cardiovascular oxidative stress and provide useful information on the pathological condition. The results of the studies discussed in the present review article are promising. They highlight the importance of measuring oxidative stress level in circulating mononuclear cells in different CVDs with a consistent correlation between degree of oxidative stress and severity of CVD and of its complications. Importantly, they also point to a double role of leukocytes, both as a marker of disease condition and as a direct contributor to disease progression. Finally, they show that the oxidative stress level of leukocytes reflects the impact of therapeutic interventions. It is likely that the isolation of leukocytes and the measurement of oxidative stress, once adequately developed, may represent an eligible tool for both research and clinical purposes to monitor the role of oxidative stress on the promotion and progression of CVDs, as well as the impact of therapies.
Effects of Ankle Joint Motion on Pelvis-Hip Biomechanics and Muscle Activity Patterns of Healthy Individuals in Knee Immobilization Gait
Authors: Guan Xinyu , Kuai Shengzheng , Song Liang , Liu Weifeng , Liu Yali , Ji Linhong , Wang Rencheng
Published: October 2019

The purpose of the study was to investigate the pelvis-hip biomechanics and trunk and lower limb muscle activity patterns between healthy people walking in two gaits and evaluate the effects of ankle joint motion on these two gaits. The two gaits included walking with combined knee and ankle immobilization and with individual knee immobilization. Ten healthy participants were recruited and asked to walk along a 10 m walk away at their comfortable speeds in the two gaits. Kinematic data, ground reaction force, and electromyography waveforms of trunk and lower limb muscles on the right side were collected synchronously. Compared to individual knee immobilization gait, people walking in the combined knee and ankle immobilization gait increased the range and average angle of the anterior pelvic tilt during the first double support and the single support phase, respectively. The combined knee and ankle immobilization gait also increased the range of hip abduction during the second double support phase. These kinematic alternations caused changes in trunk and lower limb muscle activity patterns. The ankle immobilization increased the range of gluteus maximus activation in the first double support phase, the range of rectus abdominis activation, the average amplitude of rectus femoris activation in the single support phase, and the range of rectus femoris activation in swing phase and decreased the range of and tibialis anterior activation in the first double support phase. The ankle immobilization also increased the average values of proximodistal component in AKI gait during the single support phase. This study revealed significant differences in pelvis-hip biomechanics and trunk and lower limb muscle activity patterns between the two gaits.
Long-Term Remission of a Spinal Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor in Response to Intensive Multimodal Therapy
Authors: Refai Fahd , Al-Maghrabi Haneen , Al Trabolsi Hassan , Al-Maghrabi Jaudah
Published: October 2019

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) are rare and aggressive central nervous system tumors that infrequently arise in spinal locations in young children. Provided clinical and diagnostic suspicion is high, the histopathological diagnosis is relatively straightforward to secure by testing for the characteristic loss of the tumor suppressor protein SMARCB1/INI1. Here, we describe a case of thoracic spinal ATRT in a three-year-old boy that showed characteristic aggressive progression until managed with intensive multimodal therapy to achieve durable long-term remission. In doing so, we review the histopathological features, management, and current advances in molecular biology that hold promise for personalized ATRT therapy.
Auricular Electroacupuncture for Late Posttraumatic Epilepsy after Severe Brain Injury: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Shen Cui-Cui , Jiang Jin-Feng
Published: October 2019

Background. Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a common complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI), which seriously affects patients’ survival and recovery. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a nonpharmacological therapy for epilepsy. The auricular branch of the vagus nerve (ABVN) is the only peripheral branch and has antiepileptic effects, but the efficacy of ABVN stimulation as treatment of late PTE is uncertain. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical efficacy of ABVN stimulation by auricular electroacupuncture for the treatment of late PTE, and investigated the influence of sodium valproate and edaravone on the anti-PTE effects of auricular electroacupuncture.Method. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the relationship of age, cause of PTE, use of auricular electroacupuncture, sodium valproate, and edaravone with the incidence of late PTE. To compare the curative effects of auricular electroacupuncture, 89 cases of late PTE were divided into an auricular electroacupuncture and a control group according to whether they were treated with auricular electroacupuncture. We further analyzed the influence of sodium valproate and edaravone on the effects of the treatment of PTE with auricular electroacupuncture.Results. Among age, cause, use of auricular electroacupuncture, sodium valproate, and edaravone, the use of auricular electroacupuncture was associated with significantly reduced incidence of late PTE (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, there were more seizure-free cases in the auricular electroacupuncture group (P<0.01). The total effective rate of the auricular electroacupuncture group was 90%. The seizure-free rate among patients treated with auricular electroacupuncture was significantly reduced, regardless of the use of sodium valproate or edaravone (P<0.05).Conclusion. Auricular electroacupuncture can reduce the incidence of late PTE and is a safe and economical therapy for late PTE.
A Rare Complication of HVAD Outflow Thrombosis and the Importance of HVAD Waveform Analysis
Authors: Ning John , Gaglianello Nunzio
Published: October 2019

We present a case of a 64-year-old female who was supported with an HVAD as bridge-to-transplant (BTT) who presented with a gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy. Her waveforms changed abruptly following the procedure, and she decompensated. With various imaging modalities and hemodynamic monitoring, we felt that she had thrombus in her outflow graft, which improved following systemic heparinization. She was listed for cardiac transplantation and remained hospitalized. At the time of surgery, her outflow graft was noted to be compressed externally and pathology was consistent with platelet-fibrin thrombus deposition.
Leucine Regulates the Exocrine Function in Pancreatic Tissue of Dairy Goats In Vitro
Authors: Cao Yangchun , Liu Kai , Liu Shimin , Guo Long , Yao Junhu , Cai Chuanjiang
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to investigate the effects of leucine (Leu) on the synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes in cultured pancreatic tissue of dairy goats and on the signaling molecules. Fresh pancreatic tissue from dairy goats was cut into approximately 2 mm × 2 mm pieces and incubated in oxygenated Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing 0 (the control), 0.40, 0.80, or 1.60 mM Leu at 39°C in a CO2incubator for 180 min. The results showed that Leu increased the release ofα-amylase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin in the buffer and tissue, as well as the total activity (P<0.05), especially at 0.40 and 0.80 mM. Compared with the control, 1.60 mM Leu increased the release ofα-amylase and the total activity of trypsin and chymotrypsin (P<0.05) but had no effect on the tissue concentration ofα-amylase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin or the total activity ofα-amylase (P>0.05). Leu improved the mRNA expression ofα-amylase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin (P<0.05), especially at 0.80 and 1.60 mM. The activity and mRNA expression of lipase were not affected (P>0.05). Compared with the control, 0.40 and 0.80 mM Leu increased the expression of theγisoform of 4EBP1 (P<0.05), implying increased phosphorylation of 4EBP1. Leu increased the phosphorylation of S6K1 (P<0.05). Compared with the control, 0.40 and 0.80 mM Leu decreased the eEF2 phosphorylation level (P<0.05). Conclusively, these results suggested that Leu could regulate the synthesis of pancreatic enzymes by increasing the mRNA expression and phosphorylation level of protein factors in the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway and the optimal Leu level in this experiment was 0.80 mM.
Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Rods as an Effective Design Solution for the Suspensions of a Cruiser-Class Solar Vehicle
Authors: Minak Giangiacomo , Brugo Tommaso M. , Fragassa Cristiano
Published: October 2019

Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is a subgroup of the thermoplastic polyethylene characterized by extremely long chains and, as result, in a very tough and resistant material. Due to remarkable specific mechanical properties, its use is gradually being extended to multiple fields of application. This study describes, perhaps for the first time, how the UHMWPE can represent a valid material solution in the design and optimization of suspensions for automotive use, especially in the case of extremely lightweight vehicles, such as solar cars. In particular, in this design study, UHMWPE rods permitted to assure specific kinematic trajectories, functionalities, and overall performance in an exceptionally light suspension systems, developed for an innovative multioccupant solar vehicle. These rods reduced the weight by 88% with respect to the classic design solutions with similar functions, offering, at the same time, high stiffness and accuracy in the movements. An experimental campaign was conducted to evaluate the ratcheting behaviour and other mechanical properties needed for a proper design and use.
Increased Gene Expression of RUNX2 and SOX9 in Mesenchymal Circulating Progenitors Is Associated with Autophagy during Physical Activity
Authors: Dalle Carbonare L. , Mottes M. , Cheri S. , Deiana M. , Zamboni F. , Gabbiani D. , Schena F. , Salvagno G. L. , Lippi G. , Valenti M. T.
Published: October 2019

Lack of physical exercise is considered an important risk factor for chronic diseases. On the contrary, physical exercise reduces the morbidity rates of obesity, diabetes, bone disease, and hypertension. In order to gain novel molecular and cellular clues, we analyzed the effects of physical exercise on differentiation of mesenchymal circulating progenitor cells (M-CPCs) obtained from runners. We also investigated autophagy and telomerase-related gene expression to evaluate the involvement of specific cellular functions in the differentiation process. We performed cellular and molecular analyses in M-CPCs, obtained by a depletion method, of 22 subjects before (PRE RUN) and after (POST RUN) a half marathon performance. In order to prove our findings, we performed also in vitro analyses by testing the effects of runners’ sera on a human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem (hBM-MSC) cell line. PCR array analyses of PRE RUN versus POST RUN M-CPC total RNAs put in evidence several genes which appeared to be modulated by physical activity. Our results showed that physical exercise promotes differentiation. Osteogenesis-related genes as RUNX2, MSX1, and SPP1 appeared to be upregulated after the run; data showed also increased levels of BMP2 and BMP6 expressions. SOX9, COL2A1, and COMP gene enhanced expression suggested the induction of chondrocytic differentiation as well. The expression of telomerase-associated genes and of two autophagy-related genes, ATG3 and ULK1, was also affected and correlated positively with MSC differentiation. These data highlight an attractive cellular scenario, outlining the role of autophagic response to physical exercise and suggesting new insights into the benefits of physical exercise in counteracting chronic degenerative conditions.
Large Strangulated Spigelian Hernia: Management of an Uncommon Presentation of Abdominal Hernias in Central Uganda
Authors: Lucien Wasingya , Sikakulya Franck Katembo , Peter Kisembo , Vincent Atwijukire
Published: October 2019

Background. Spigelian hernia is an uncommon presentation of abdominal hernias with 0.1-2%. We report a case of a large strangulated Spigelian hernia, an uncommon presentation of abdominal hernias, and its management in a health facility in Central Uganda.Case Presentation. A 76-year-old female presented with a 2-day history of colicky abdominal pain, bilious vomiting, and abdominal distension. On abdominal ultrasound scan, an abdominal wall defect measuring 4.45 cm with herniated bowel loops in the left anterior abdominal region with mild fluid collection in the hernia sac was seen. Conservative management for intestinal obstruction which included putting the patient on nil per os, NG tube decompression, and soapy enema was instituted, and surgery was done on the second day of admission. Intraoperatively, using a Rutherford-Morrison incision, we found a large defect at the Spigelian aponeurosis, with an inflamed sac protruding. The Spigelian hernia was repaired with a mesh under layers. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged 10 days after surgery.Conclusion. Clinicians and especially general surgeons might be aware of this rare condition in most of the anterior abdominal swellings. Strangulation is the commonest complication of Spigelian hernia, and surgical management remains the mainstay of its treatment.
Mangiferin Prevents TBHP-Induced Apoptosis and ECM Degradation in Mouse Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes via Restoring Autophagy and Ameliorates Murine Osteoarthritis
Authors: Li Yao , Wu Yaosen , Jiang Kaixia , Han Wen , Zhang Jing , Xie Lin , Liu Yanlong , Xiao Jian , Wang Xiangyang
Published: October 2019

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related degenerative disease with complicated pathology involving chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Previous studies have shown that moderate autophagy has a protective effect against apoptosis in chondrocyte. Mangiferin is a natural polyphenol and exerts multiple pharmacological effects on different diseases in various preclinical studies. In this study, we investigated the effects of mangiferin on OA and delineated a potential molecular mechanism. In vitro, mangiferin treatment inhibited the expression of proapoptotic proteins induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), increased the expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2, and prevented ECM degradation by inhibiting the production of matrix-degrading enzyme. Mechanistically, mangiferin enhanced autophagy by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. On the contrary, inhibition of autophagy partly abolished the protective effects of mangiferin on antiapoptosis and ECM synthesis in TBHP-treated chondrocyte. Correspondingly, the protective effect of mangiferin was also found in a mouse OA model. In conclusion, our results suggested that mangiferin serves as a potentially applicable candidate for treating OA.
Regeneration of the Fibula with Unidirectional Porous Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Demiya Koji , Kunisada Toshiyuki , Nakata Eiji , Hasei Joe , Ozaki Toshifumi
Published: October 2019

A fibula graft is one of the most common orthopedic procedures for reconstruction of a bone defect, and some complications related to persistent defects of the fibula have been reported previously. We believe that regeneration of the fibula may be critical for postoperative function and prevention of complications. This report describes a 9-year-old female with Ewing sarcoma of the pelvis who was treated with the double-barrel fibula grafts for pelvic bone defect following tumor resection. The defect after fibular resection was filled with unidirectional porous hydroxyapatite (UDPHAp) implants. A plain radiograph revealed new bone formation and a callus-like structure at one month after surgery and bony union between each UDPHAp implant 5 months after surgery. Resorption of implanted UDPHAp was identified, and partial remodeling of the bone marrow cavity could be seen 1 year 2 months after surgery. A radiograph at final follow-up (5 years 10 months after surgery) demonstrated almost complete absorption of the implanted UDPHAp and clear formation of the cortex and bone marrow in the resected part of the fibula. The patient is able to walk well without any walking supports and to take part in sports activities.
Hydrolysis Process Optimization and Functional Characterization of Yak Skin Gelatin Hydrolysates
Authors: Yang Hui , Xue Yanting , Liu Jiaheng , Song Shunyi , Zhang Lei , Song Qianqian , Tian Li , He Xiangyu , He Shan , Zhu Hongji
Published: October 2019

Yak (Bos grunniens) is an animal mainly living on the Tibetan Plateau. Yak skin is a valuable resource that is wasted in the meat production process. This study aimed to prepare yak skin gelatin hydrolysates (YSGH) from yak skin through enzymatic hydrolysis and investigate functional characterization of YSGH. We showed that trypsin was more effective than neutrase, papain, and pepsin in increasing the degree of hydrolysis (DH) of YSGH. The conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis were optimized using central composite design (CCD) and response surface method (RSM), and the highest DH value of 31.96% was obtained. We then analyzed the amino acid compositions and molecular weight distribution of peptides in YSGH. The obtained YSGH exhibited certain antioxidant activity and excellent ACE-inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.991 mg/mL). In addition, the solubility (98.79%), emulsification, and foaming properties of YSGH developed here were also evaluated. With these physicochemical and biological functions, YSGH had potential applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics as an ingredient.
An Integral Numerical Analysis of Impact of a Commercial Aircraft on Nuclear Containment
Authors: Wang Xiaoxin , Zhou Qin , Shi Li , Wang Haitao , Li Xiaotian
Published: October 2019

After the September 11 attack, the resistant capability of containments against aircraft impacts is required to be assessed for newly constructed nuclear power plants (NPPs). In this paper, the crash of a commercial airplane Boeing 767-200ER on the reinforced concrete containment building of an NPP is analyzed using the missile-target interaction method. Two plane models with the same total weight but different fuel distribution are analyzed. The force-time history obtained by FEA (finite element analysis) is compared with the one calculated by the Riera function. In the integral analysis, the mesh sensitivity of the reinforced concrete containment model is studied, and recommendations are provided on the modelling of containment. The impact phenomenon and damage on the containment are investigated through the validated model. The fuel distribution in the aircraft is found to have strong influence on the damage of the containment, which indicates that the load distribution in the transverse direction is critical in the analysis of aircraft impact. The classic load-time function analysis is unable to incorporate this factor and may not be adequate to provide satisfactory results. For this reason, the application of an integral analysis is advantageous in the safety assessment of aircraft impact.
The Simulation on Temperature and Thermal Stress of Leakage Current Particulate Matter Sensor on Diesel Engine
Authors: Tang Dong , Wang Li , Liu Yang , Liu Ning , Wu Yuzhe
Published: October 2019

Based on the working environment and control strategy of the leakage current particulate sensor on the diesel engine, the ANSYS finite element simulation is applied to prove the reliability of the sensor in the response phase. It shows that the full load conditions of the diesel engine harsh the exhaust environment, which leads to higher thermal stress in the sensor. The temperature of the front end of the sensor base is up to 227°C, and the highest thermal stress appearing in the sensor is 88 MPa. Both of them are lower than the upper limit request, which guarantees the working reliability of the sensor in long period. The effect of outside environment on the highest temperature of the sensor base is also investigated, and it shows that the lower temperature and the higher convective heat transfer coefficient would be in favor of the reliable work of the sensor. In addition, it shows that the cold start time of the sensor is reducing exponentially with the increasing heating power, and the optimum heating power is 60 W taking the linearly increasing thermal stress into consideration.
Radiation Drives the Evolution of Orthotopic Xenografts Initiated from Glioblastoma Stem–like Cells
Authors: McAbee Joseph H. , Rath Barbara H. , Valdez Kristin , Young Dejauwne L. , Wu Xiaolin , Shankavaram Uma T. , Camphausen Kevin , Tofilon Philip J.
Published: October 2019

A consequence of the intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) of glioblastoma (GBM) is the susceptibility to treatment-driven evolution. To determine the potential of radiotherapy to influence GBM evolution, we used orthotopic xenografts initiated from CD133+ GBM stem–like cells (GSC). Toward this end, orthotopic xenografts grown in nude mice were exposed to a fractionated radiation protocol, which resulted in a significant increase in animal survival. Brain tumors from control and irradiated mice were then collected at morbidity and compared in terms of growth pattern, clonal diversity, and genomic architecture. In mice that received fractionated radiation, tumors were less invasive, with more clearly demarcated borders and tumor core hypercellularity as compared with controls, suggesting a fundamental change in tumor biology. Viral integration site analysis indicated a reduction in clonal diversity in the irradiated tumors, implying a decrease in ITH. Changes in clonal diversity were not detected after irradiation of GSCs in vitro, suggesting that the radiation-induced reduction in ITH was dependent on the brain microenvironment. Whole-exome sequencing revealed differences in mutation patterns between control and irradiated tumors, which included modifications in the presence and clonality of driver mutations associated with GBM. Moreover, changes in the distribution of mutations as a function of subpopulation size between control and irradiated tumors were consistent with subclone expansion and contraction, that is, subpopulation evolution. Taken together, these results indicate that radiation drives the evolution of the GSC-initiated orthotopic xenografts and suggest that radiation-driven evolution may have therapeutic implications for recurrent GBM.

Significance:

Radiation drives the evolution of glioblastoma orthotopic xenografts; when translated to the clinic, this may have therapeutic implications for recurrent tumors.
Clinical Factors Associated with Urinary Tract Cancer in Individuals with Lynch Syndrome
Authors: Wischhusen Jonathan W. , Ukaegbu Chinedu , Dhingra Tara G. , Uno Hajime , Kastrinos Fay , Syngal Sapna , Yurgelun Matthew B.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Lynch syndrome confers markedly increased risks of various malignancies, including urinary tract cancers (UTC; renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, and possibly kidney cancers). It is unknown how to determine which Lynch syndrome carriers are at highest UTC risk. Our aim was to identify clinical factors associated with UTC among Lynch syndrome carriers.

Methods:

The study population was a cohort of 52,758 consecutively ascertained individuals undergoing Lynch syndrome testing at a commercial laboratory. Clinical data were obtained from test request forms completed by the ordering provider. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify factors associated with UTC among Lynch syndrome carriers.

Results:

Compared with noncarriers, Lynch syndrome carriers were significantly more likely to have had UTC (4.1% vs. 1.2%; P < 0.0001). Lynch syndrome–associated UTC was independently associated with male sex [OR 1.95; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.38–2.76], increased age (OR 2.44 per 10 years; 95% CI, 2.11–2.82), familial burden of UTC (OR 2.69 per first-/second-degree relative with UTC; 95% CI, 1.99–3.63), and pathogenic EPCAM/MSH2 variants (OR 4.01; 95% CI, 2.39–6.72) but not MLH1 variants (OR 1.17; 95% CI, 0.63–2.17), race, or history of other Lynch syndrome–associated malignancy. A total of 143 of 158 (90.5%) Lynch syndrome carriers with UTC had ≥1 of the following characteristics: male sex, EPCAM/MSH2 variants, or family history of UTC; 1,236 of 1,251 (98.8%) Lynch syndrome carriers lacking all of these characteristics had no history of UTC.

Conclusions:

Specific clinical factors can reliably identify Lynch syndrome carriers most likely to be at risk for UTC.

Impact:

A predictable subset of Lynch syndrome carriers may be most likely to benefit from UTC surveillance/prevention.
Phosphoproteomic and Kinomic Signature of Clinically Aggressive Grade I (1.5) Meningiomas Reveals RB1 Signaling as a Novel Mediator and Biomarker
Authors: Parada Carolina A. , Osbun Joshua W. , Busald Tina , Karasozen Yigit , Kaur Sumanpreet , Shi Min , Barber Jason , Adidharma Widya , Cimino Patrick J. , Pan Catherine , Gonzalez-Cuyar Luis F. , Rostomily Robert , Born Donald E. , Zhang Jing , Ferreira Manuel
Published: October 2019

Purpose:

Most World Health Organization (WHO) grade I meningiomas carry a favorable prognosis. Some become clinically aggressive with recurrence, invasion, and resistance to conventional therapies (grade 1.5; recurrent/progressive WHO grade I tumors requiring further treatment within 10 years). We aimed to identify biomarker signatures in grade 1.5 meningiomas where histopathology and genetic evaluation has fallen short.

Experimental Design:

Mass spectrometry (MS)–based phosphoproteomics and peptide chip array kinomics were used to compare grade I and 1.5 tumors. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) identified alterations in signaling pathways with validation by Western blot analysis. The selected biomarker was evaluated in an independent cohort of 140 samples (79/140 genotyped for meningioma mutations) by tissue microarray and correlated with clinical variables.

Results:

The MS-based phosphoproteomics revealed differential Ser/Thr phosphorylation in 32 phosphopeptides. The kinomic profiling by peptide chip array identified 10 phosphopeptides, including a 360% increase in phosphorylation of RB1, in the 1.5 group. IPA of the combined datasets and Western blot validation revealed regulation of AKT and cell-cycle checkpoint cascades. RB1 hyperphosphorylation at the S780 site distinguished grade 1.5 meningiomas in an independent cohort of 140 samples and was associated with decreased progression/recurrence-free survival. Mutations in NF2, TRAF7, SMO, KLF4, and AKT1 E17K did not predict RB1 S780 staining or progression in grade 1.5 meningiomas.

Conclusions:

RB1 S780 staining distinguishes grade 1.5 meningiomas, independent of histology, subtype, WHO grade, or genotype. This promising biomarker for risk stratification of histologically bland WHO grade I meningiomas provides insight into the pathways of oncogenesis driving these outlying clinically aggressive tumors.
Epigenetic Profiling Identifies LIF as a Super-enhancer-Controlled Regulator of Stem Cell–like Properties in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Lu Bing , He Yangyang , He Jincan , Wang Li , Liu Zhenguo , Yang Jiayan , Gao Zhuoxing , Lu Guohao , Zou Changye , Zhao Wei
Published: October 2019

Osteosarcoma is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. Super-enhancers (SE) have been highlighted as critical oncogenic elements required for maintaining the cancer cell characteristics. However, the regulatory role of SEs in osteosarcoma properties has not yet been elucidated. In the current study, we found that osteosarcoma cells and clinical specimens shared a significant fraction of SEs. Moreover, leukemia-inhibitory factor (LIF) was identified as an essential factor under the control of osteosarcoma-specific SE. The expression of LIF was positively correlated with the stem cell core factor genes in osteosarcoma. Furthermore, LIF recombinant protein–treated osteosarcoma cells displayed enhanced stem cell–like characteristics, such as increased sphere-forming potential, stimulated self-renewal, upregulated metastasis ability, and increased stemness-related gene expression. Notably, the histone 3 lysine 27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3) demethylase UTX was found as a key activator of LIF transcription in osteosarcoma. The UTX inhibitor, GSK-J4, induced H3K27me3 accumulation and impaired histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) at LIF gene locus, leading to LIF signaling pathway inhibition. GSK-J4 treatment resulted in profound defects in stem cell-like characteristics and stemness-related gene activation in osteosarcoma by modulating the H3K27ac of NOTCH1 signaling pathway gene loci. The NOTCH1 inhibitor Crenigacestat (TargetMol, T3633) repressed LIF-mediated activation of the stemness-related genes in osteosarcoma patient-derived primary tissues.

Implications:

This study reveals osteosarcoma SE profiles and uncovers a distinct tumor–stemness epigenetic regulatory mechanism in which an osteosarcoma-specific SE-mediated factor, LIF, promotes osteosarcoma stemness gene activation via NOTCH1 signaling pathway.
Comparison of Functional Outcomes between Functional Jejunal Interposition and Conventional Roux-en-Y Esophagojejunostomy after Total Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Yun Li , Zhiwei Jiang , Junsheng Peng , Xiaobin Wu , Cancan Xia , Jieshou Li
Published: October 2019

Background: The reconstruction of digestive tract after total gastrectomy is associated with various postoperative complications. We aimed to investigate the differences in functional outcomes of 2 reconstruction techniques following total gastrectomy: functional jejunal interposition (FJI) versus Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy. Methods: Sixty patients were enrolled and divided into FJI and Roux-en-Y groups. Nutritional parameters and incidences of reconstruction-related symptoms were evaluated. Oral glucose tolerance test and endoscopy examination were carried out. Results: The postoperative prognostic nutritional index scores and postoperative/preoperative body weight, meal intake, serum albumin level ratio were significantly higher in the FJI group than in the Roux-en-Y group. At 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, the elevations of plasma glucose level after glucose intake were more significant in the FJI group than in the Roux-en-Y group. The incidence of postoperative stasis symptoms in the Roux-en-Y group was significantly higher than in the FJI group, but no obvious difference was observed regarding dumping and reflux symptoms. The incidence rates of severe esophageal mucosa injury and severe anastomotic stricture were also similar between the 2 groups. Conclusion: FJI reconstruction might accelerate the recovery of nutritional status and reduce the occurrence of stasis symptoms postoperatively as compared with Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy, which may have an advantage over FJI in stabilizing body glycometabolism after surgery. These 2 types of reconstruction may have a similar anti-reflux function to prevent severe reflux esophagitis and anastomotic stenosis.
Development of a Novel Simple Gel Formulation Containing an Ion-Pair Complex of Diclofenac and Phenylephrine
Authors: Uchino Tomonobu , Miyazaki Yasunori , Ishikawa Ayumi , Kagawa Yoshiyuki
Published: October 2019

Background and Aim: Since the pharmacological effects of diclofenac (DF) are short-lived because of its short half-life, prolongation of the pharmacological effect in a topical formulation is needed for more appropriate clinical use. For the enhancement of dermal accumulation and prolongation of the pharmacological effect of drugs, the aim of this study was to develop a simple gel formulation containing an ion-pair complex of DF and phenylephrine (PHE), which induce constriction of the vascular smooth muscles. Materials and Methods: The ion-pair complex was prepared by mixing sodium DF and an ethanolic solution of PHE. The formed complex was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The ion-pair complex for the gel formulation was prepared by mixing an equimolar concentration of 50% 1,3-butylene glycol and distilled aqueous solution of 2% xanthan gum, which was characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). Skin permeation and accumulation of DF and PHE were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo studies. Results: From the results of PXRD and FT-IR, it was suggested that new crystalline peaks formed by the ion-pair complex and their complex interacted with the carboxyl group in DF and the amino group in PHE. In the gel formulation, the ion-pair complexes were detected by 1H-NMR. The ion-pair complex enhanced the accumulation of DF in the skin in the in vitro study. On the other hand, PHE accumulation in the dermis increased with the ion-pair complex, as exhibited by the in vivo study. Conclusion: A new gel formulation containing the ion-pair complex of DF and PHE was developed, which improved the accumulation of DF in skin.