bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Evaluation of a Semi‐Autologous Fibrin Sealant for Surgical Applications
Authors: Elbaz Uri , Berliner Ori , Tabo Shavit , Yeshayahu Shani , Kesner Reut , Cohen‐Gerassi Dana , Adler‐Abramovich Lihi , Halperin‐Sternfeld Michal , Aviv Moran
Published: February 2025

Surgical success relies on precise tissue approximation using sutures, clips, or staples. Fibrin sealant provides a user‐friendly alternative, saving time and maintaining tissue integrity. Yet, its cost and potential bioburden risk are notable drawbacks. To address these concerns, a semi‐autologous fibrin sealant is produced from human cryoprecipitate and compared it to a commercial fibrin sealant. The microstructure of the semi‐autologous sealant closely resembles the commercial one. Initially, the commercial sealant has superior bonding strength, however, over time, both demonstrate strong adhesive properties. Moreover, when the two sealants contain equivalent fibrinogen concentrations, they show similar bonding strength and rheological properties, including thixotropic behavior, which is essential for their application as bioadhesives. Notably, it is discovered that the mechanical properties of the adhesive are mainly governed by the fibrinogen concentration, with minimal impact of other blood components. This understanding paves the way for the development of an efficient method to boost fibrinogen in blood without extensive separation. This study indicates semi‐autologous fibrin glue matches commercial sealant in adhesive properties. This may offer several advantages, such as reduced bioburden, costs, improved immunomodulation, and reduced hypersensitivity and virus transmission risks. These findings hold promising prospects for enhancing the wound healing process in various medical conditions.
Modafinil Synthesis Using an Eosin Y‐photocatalytic Gel Formed by Autocatalyzed Thiol‐Ene Crosslinking
Authors: Schmitt Timothy , Pester Christian W.
Published: February 2025

Utilizing visible wavelength photons to drive chemical transformations in photocatalysis has become increasingly popular due to the promise of sustainability, safety, and modularity. Heterogeneous photocatalysis further allows for simplified separation and reuse of photocatalysts from reaction systems. Described herein is a proof‐of‐concept for a heterogeneous catalysis platform based on an Eosin Y photocatalyst network (EY‐gel) formed by an autocatalyzed thiol‐ene crosslinking reaction. The Eosin Y photocatalyst is modified with an acrylate handle, allowing for both catalysis of and participation in the thiol‐ene crosslinking reaction, thus incorporating the catalyst into the gel framework. The produced EY‐gel takes the form of micron‐sized spherical particles due to the use of a relative non‐solvent for the gel components during the crosslinking reaction, allowing for collection through simple filtration. The EY‐gel is shown to be effective for the synthesis of the narcolepsy drug Modafinil via the oxidation of 2‐[(diphenylmethyl)thio]acetamide, and also shows modest recyclability over multiple use cycles.
Eucommia Ulmoides Gum Soft‐Hard Gradient Composite Materials with Shape Memory Property
Authors: Wang Furao , Lin Jinjian , Liao Tao , Bao Kexu , Fu Rongzhen , Zhao Ruifeng , Zhang Jichuan
Published: February 2025

Eucommia Ulmoides gum (EUG) is a natural polymer material with unique “rubber‐plastic duality” and good shape memory properties. In this paper, the hardness of EUG is greatly reduced by adjusting the cross‐linking density and adding physical microspheres for foaming. The results show that the more sulfur and foamed microspheres are used, the lower the hardness of EUG, the greater the deformation of the material, and the smaller the penetration force. By adjusting the amount of foaming agent, a series of lightweight and high‐toughness foamed EUG can be obtained. The EUG, natural rubber (NR) and foamed EUG are prepared into a hardness gradient composite material with a shape memory characteristic through a co‐vulcanization process, according to scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation and 180° peel test results, the three rubber materials has good binding force without the help of adhesive. Each unit of thickness of the composite material can reduce the external impact force by up to 11.6%. In addition, under heating conditions, it only takes 30 s for the crystalline EUG to return to its original shape. The prepared soft‐hard gradient sports composite material has a high reduction of external impact force per unit thickness, showing an excellent impact protection effect.
Catalase‐Encapsulated Nanoparticles via Surface Radical Polymerization for Periodontitis Therapy
Authors: Yan Tongtong , Li Xiang , Sun Shiqun , Luo Yuchao , Shi Haotian , Yang Nan , Ren Xue , Tian Wenjing , Liu Zhihui , Xu Bin
Published: February 2025

Periodontitis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease characterized by oxidative stress and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to the destruction of periodontal tissues. Despite existing treatments, the management of periodontitis remains challenging due to inadequate control of inflammation and poor tissue regeneration. In this study, a novel therapeutic strategy is developed by encapsulating catalase (CAT) within polyacrylamide (PAAM)‐based nanoparticles (CAT NPs) through surface radical polymerization to enhance its stability and efficacy in the inflammatory environment of periodontal tissues. The PAAM polymer shell serves as a protective barrier to isolate CAT from interactions with proteolytic enzymes and inflammatory mediators in the periodontal microenvironment, thereby preventing structural denaturation and enhancing enzymatic stability. This approach targets the reduction of ROS levels and the modulation of the Nrf‐2/HO‐1 antioxidant pathway, key mediators in oxidative stress responses. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that CAT NPs significantly alleviate oxidative stress, reduce pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and promote periodontal tissue regeneration. Compared to conventional treatments, CAT NPs exhibit superior therapeutic outcomes, offering a promising and long‐lasting solution for the treatment of periodontitis. This innovative strategy provides new avenues for the development of more effective periodontitis therapies.
Fabrication of Biaxially Aligned Nanofibers via Insulating Block‐Assisted Electrospinning and Their Applications
Authors: Shirke Yogita M. , Kang Dae Hwan , Kim Kwang Won , Hwang Byungil , Doh Song Jun , Yoon Ki Ro
Published: February 2025

Electrospinning is a well‐established and widely adopted process for producing fine and continuous nanofiber networks. Electrospun nanofibers have gained significant attention owing to their advantages, including nanoscale fiber uniformity, tunable pore size with bimodal distribution, and versatility in integrating various inorganic and organic compositions. Recently, considerable efforts have been made to align nanofibers and enhance their functionality with improved mechanical properties, faster charge transport, and more efficient mass transport in well‐organized spatial structures. This mini‐review highlights the fabrication of precisely aligned nanofibers using insulating block‐assisted electrospinning. By manipulating the electric field between the nozzle and substrate, combined with a moving substrate, insulating block‐assisted electrospinning enables the biaxial alignment of the nanofibers. This review discusses recent advancements in insulating block‐assisted alignment techniques and explores the applications of these aligned nanofibers in the environmental and energy fields, including air filtration media, lithium‐ion battery electrodes, hybrid gel polymer electrolytes for aqueous batteries, and reinforced composite membranes for fuel cells. In addition, the perspectives associated with the extension of insulating block‐driven aligned nanofiber applications to a wide range of fields and industries is summarized.
Advances in Π‐Conjugated Benzothiazole and Benzoxazole‐Boron Complexes: Exploring Optical and Biomaterial Applications
Authors: Barłóg Maciej , Podiyanachari Santhosh Kumar , Bazzi Hassan S. , Al‐Hashimi Mohammed
Published: February 2025

This mini‐review highlights the transformative potential of benzothiazole (BTz)‐ and benzoxazole (BOz)‐based boron‐complexed dyes. It represents an innovative evolution of the classic boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) structure, which is well established for its superior photophysical properties. Incorporating BTz‐ or BOz‐ligands into the borane (‐BR2) component, originates more electron‐deficient architecture, enabling novel modes of complexation and addressing limitations such as spectral overlap and self‐quenching in traditional BODIPY dyes. The review focuses on the remarkable versatility of boron‐benzothiazole (BOBTz)‐ and boron‐benzoxazole (BOBOz)‐based complexes, particularly in three rapidly advancing fields: organic light emitting diode (LED) technology, bioimaging, and mechanochromic luminescence (MCL). Over the past 15 years, these complexes have demonstrated exceptional adaptability, showcasing enhanced properties like high fluorescence quantum yields, large molar extinction coefficients, and tunable emissions across visible and near‐infrared spectra. The insights described in this review highlight the major role of BOBTz‐ and BOBOz‐complexes in shaping innovative, and sustainable advanced materials while addressing emerging challenges in modern materials science. Besides, the refining of both BOBTz‐ and BOBOz‐complexes offers exciting prospects for technological challenges such as energy‐efficient lighting, non‐invasive imaging, and creating stimuli‐responsive materials for next‐generation sensors. Moreover, the environmental sustainability of these materials, including green synthesis approaches and recyclable components represents an important frontier for future exploration.
In Situ Synthesis of Chemically Stable Hybrid Co‐Networks of Poly(thioctic Acid) with Fe3+ via Controlled/Living Cationic Ring‐Opening Polymerization
Authors: Li Ang , Li Jia‐Le , Zhang Jin‐Meng , Ma Jing‐Yi , Wu Yi‐Xian
Published: February 2025

The novel chemically stable hybrid co‐networks (PTA‐Fe) of poly(thioctic acid) coordinated with molar content (CFe) of 1%∼12% Fe3+ generated from [FeCl4·POH]− can be in situ synthesized via controlled/living cationic ring‐opening polymerization of α‐thioctic acid (TA) with tert‐butyl chloride(BCl)/FeCl3/isopropanol(POH) initiating system at 0 °C. The polymerizations are all in first order with respect to monomer, initiator and co‐initiator. The resulting PTAs with desired molecular weights and relatively narrow unimodal molecular weight distribution can be obtained via quantitative initiation by changing [BCl]0. The livingness of polymerization without chain transfer and termination is confirmed from the linear relationship between molecular weights of the resulting PTAs and polymer yields and the unchanged average polymer chains during polymerization process by Incremental Monomer Addition and All Monomer In techniques. The possible mechanism of the above polymerization is proposed. Interestingly, it is found that the PTA‐Fe hybrids can behave chemically stable during storage at room temperature for 24 months when CFe ≥ 6.9%. To the best of the knowledge, it is the first example of in situ green synthesis of PTA‐Fe hybrid co‐networks with excellent chemical stability. The PTA‐Fe hybrids would have potential application in the field of elastomer, adhesive and self‐healing materials.
Discovery of New HER2 Inhibitors via Computational Docking, Pharmacophore Modeling, and Machine Learning
Authors: Matrouk Aseel Yasin , Mohammad Haneen , Daoud Safa , Taha Mutasem Omar
Published: February 2025

The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a critical oncogene implicated in the development of various aggressive cancers, particularly breast cancer. Discovering novel HER2 inhibitors is crucial for expanding therapeutic options for HER2‐related malignancies. In this study, we present a computational workflow that focuses on generating pharmacophores derived from docked poses of a selected list of 15 diverse, potent HER2 inhibitors, utilizing flexible docking. The resulting pharmacophores, along with other physicochemical molecular descriptors, were then evaluated in a machine learning‐quantitative structure‐activity relationship (ML‐QSAR) analysis against 1,272 HER2 inhibitors. Several machine learning methods were assessed, and a genetic function algorithm (GFA) was employed for feature selection. Ultimately, GFA combined with Bagging and J48Graft classifiers produced the best self‐consistent and predictive models. These models highlighted the significance of two pharmacophores, Hypo_1 and Hypo_2, in distinguishing potent from less active inhibitors. The successful ML‐QSAR models and their associated pharmacophores were used to screen the National Cancer Institute (NCI) database for novel HER2 inhibitors. Three promising anti‐HER2 leads were identified, with the top‐performing lead demonstrating an experimental anti‐HER2 IC50 value of 3.85 μM. Notably, the three inhibitors exhibited distinct chemical scaffolds compared to existing HER2 inhibitors, as indicated by principal component analysis.
Dynamics of Bioconvection on Darcy–Forchheimer Flow of Electromagnetic Reiner–Philippoff Nanofluid With Characteristics of Nonlinear Thermal Radiation and Activation Energy
Authors: Jawad Muhammad , Saidani Taoufik , Alsaydi Hanan Ahmad , Abdallah Suhad Ali Osman , Alhushaybari Abdullah
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a numerical study of the intricate effects of bioconvection on Darcy–Forchheimer flow of Reiner–Philippoff nanofluid over a porous stretching sheet. Thermal radiation involving heat transfer finds widespread applications in fields such as power station engineering, groundwater reservoirs, thermal stratification in natural bodies of water, and atmospheric and oceanic density stratification, as well as in various manufacturing processes. The study also takes into account the characteristics of heat and mass transfer. These governing equations involving Brownian motion, heat source, and magnetic field are transformed into ordinary differential equations using a suitable similarity approach and solved numerically with Mathematica and Matlab. The paper presents graphical representations of dimensionless velocity, energy, volumetric concentration, and density profiles for various parameter values. It is noted that the velocity profile is diminished for increase in value of porosity parameter , buoyancy ratio parameter , and Rayleigh number but shows opposite behavior for increasing value of Philippoff parameter . Temperature distribution improved for the growing value of temperature ratio and the nonlinear thermal radiation . For increasing the value of Brownian motion , the concentration profile declined, and the opposite behavior is noted for the growing value of . These findings are in good agreement with previously published research. Furthermore, a higher Hartmann number corresponds to an increased coefficient of friction.
Quantifying photon counting detector (PCD) performance using PCD‐CT images
Authors: Zhan Linying , Chen Guang‐Hong , Li Ke
Published: February 2025

Background

Photon counting detector CTs (PCD‐CTs) have recently been introduced to clinical imaging. This development creates a new need for end‐users to quantify and monitor the physical performance of PCDs. Traditionally, the characterization of PCD performance relied on detector counts, which are typically accessible to the manufacturer but are not usually available to clinical end‐users.

Purpose

The goal of this work was to develop a new method for quantifying PCD performance using reconstructed PCD‐CT images, without requiring access to the PCD counts.

Methods

The proposed method is based on a set of closed‐form relationships that connect PCD‐CT image noise, the PCD deadtime (), and the zero‐frequency detective quantum efficiency () of PCDs. At a low tube current (mA) level, the mean output counts of the PCD were estimated by fitting the measured PCD‐CT noise power spectrum (NPS) to a parametric model. was then calculated by normalizing the estimated mean detector counts to the expected input x‐ray photon number. To estimate , the image variance of PCD‐CT was measured at different mA levels. A novel quantitative relationship between PCD‐CT image variance, , and mA was employed to estimate through parametric fitting. The method was validated using both simulated and experimental PCD‐CT data, covering a range of , , and system geometries.

Results

For the simulated curved‐detector PCD‐CT, the estimation errors for and deadtime were −3.7% and 0.5%, respectively. For the simulated collinear‐detector PCD‐CT, the estimation errors for and deadtime were −3.3% and −1.0%, respectively. For the experimental collinear‐detector PCD‐CT, the estimation errors for and deadtime were −2.6% and 1.6%, respectively.

Conclusions

By analyzing the variance and NPS of PCD‐CT images, and deadtime of scanner's PCD can be accurately estimated, without access to raw detector counts or projection data.
Construction of Data Sequence for Model Order Reduction in Thermomechanical Modeling of DED Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Keumo Tematio Joël , Ryckelynck David , Bellet Michel , Zhang Yancheng
Published: February 2025

Reduced order modeling (ROM) is applied to the finite element thermo‐mechanical simulation of metal additive manufacturing at part scale. This is a significant challenge because of the continuously evolving computational domain, on which a local reduced basis is required to apply the projection‐based ROM. In this paper, ROM is applied to the mechanical resolution, which is much more time‐consuming than the thermal one. Considering the modeling of DED processes (directed energy deposition), it is proposed to organize the training set of simulation snapshots according to an energy deposition length that represents the progress of the process. The full‐order model consists of a transient thermomechanical model modified by use of the previously developed Inherent Strain Rate method. When applying the projection‐based ROM to this full‐order model, the constructed data sequence enables the design a local ROM depending on the energy deposition length and process parameters. The approach, in its present state, is limited to constructions with a constant transverse geometry and a constant set of process parameters. The simulation of the DED construction of a turbine blade mock‐up, made of thirty layers with interlayer dwell times, revealed a computational speedup of about 100.
National Trends in Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Inpatient Sinus Surgery in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Qu Roy W. , Punjabi Nihal , Lao Wilson P. , Seiberling Kristin A. , Church Christopher A.
Published: February 2025

Objective

Given the recent dramatic changes in medical therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF), this study aims to describe temporal changes in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) rates.

Methods

National Inpatient Sample (2004‐2019; weighted estimates for 119,067 pediatric and 202,407 adult patients) was used to analyze adult (age ≥18 years) and pediatric patients with CF with pulmonary manifestations. Comorbid CRS, ESS rates, and extended length of stay (LOS, ≥75th percentile) were analyzed.

Results

The rate of CRS in both pediatric (14.1% vs 21.1%, P < .001) and adult (16.5% vs 40.9%, P < .001) patients increased. Rate of ESS in pediatric patients with CRS decreased from 25.3% to 3.4% (P < .001). A similar decline occurred in adults with CRS (12.3% vs 3.6%, P < .001). In multivariate analysis from 2015 to 2019, ESS and extended LOS were associated with admission in the Western United States (P < .001). CRS (OR 1.14, P = .002) and ESS (OR 1.78, P = .002) were independent predictors of extended LOS. Elective admission, primary insurance, race, and hospital teaching/location were significantly associated with ESS and extended LOS (P < .05).

Conclusion

Despite the increased prevalence of CRS in adults and pediatric patients with CF, rates of inpatient ESS have declined from 2004 to 2019. Patient and hospital factors affect undergoing ESS in 2015 to 2019. CRS and ESS are associated with extended LOS in recent years.
Reciprocal contributions: Indigenous perspectives and voices on marine‐coastal experiences in the channels of northern Patagonia, Chile
Authors: Alvarez Ricardo , Caniullán Daniel , Catín Juan , Cheuquenao Pérsida , Coñuecar Yohana , Diestre Florencia , Jara Pedro , Millatureo Nelson , Vargas Darly , Ojeda Jaime
Published: February 2025

The recovery of marine ecosystems in areas heavily impacted by fishing and environmental exploitation depends, to some extent, on the sustainable management of resources and should be complemented by cultural traditions, practices and scientific knowledge. These knowledge systems may involve reciprocal actions and interactions between people and coastal environments, which, unfortunately, are often overlooked in government coastal management strategies.

Our study was conducted in the channels and fjords of northern Chilean Patagonia. The life experiences of nine community members, some of whom are co‐authors of this article, involve reciprocal interactions with coastal areas and species. We highlight two customary practices that are important for food sovereignty and the responsible management of marine‐coastal ecosystems. To understand their perspectives on nature, we analysed the ontological and cosmogonic aspects of these practices, their ecological implications and the challenges they currently face.

We present two case studies: (i) the ‘Corralitos de pirenes’ in the Chiloé archipelago, which refers to small stone walls or enclosures built in the intertidal zone to create a suitable habitat for rockfish to spawn. The community consumes a percentage of the fish eggs, and the fish benefit by having a protected spawning site maintained by the locals; (ii) ‘benthic rearrangements,’ a practice carried out by shellfish divers who manually restructure underwater substrates that have been depleted by overexploitation of artisanal fishing. To this end, they manually relocate various species to re‐establish their ecological interactions.

Both cases demonstrate a deep, place‐based ecological knowledge that fosters an understanding of ecosystems and fishing management rooted in the coastal families. These practices have been developed within family and community contexts and are continuously passed down through generations.

These experiences embody a biocultural ethic that must be recognized, valued and expanded upon. Their ecological contributions (e.g. improvement of habitats) and socioecological endeavours (care for the environment) aim to foster biocultural continuity, engaging the elderly, adults and children. These experiences occur in a scenario of socio‐environmental crises where industries, such as salmon farming, generate cultural and ecological impacts that intertwine both in time and within the depths of the sea.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Impact of Neoadjuvant Chemohormonal Therapy With GnRH Antagonist and Low‐Dose Estramustine in Very High‐Risk Prostate Cancer Undergoing Robotic Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Kambe Takanari , Kubota Masashi , Yamasaki Toshinari , Kawakita Mutsushi , Murata Shiori , Hattori Yuto , Tohi Yoichiro , Sekine Yuya , Kurahashi Ryoma , Shimatani Kimihiro , Sawada Atsuro , Negoro Hiromitsu , Saito Ryoichi , Goto Takayuki , Kobayashi Takashi
Published: February 2025

Background

High‐risk patients with prostate cancer (PC) frequently experience biochemical recurrence (BCR) after surgery. Thus numerous studies have investigated the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapies for high‐risk PC patients; however, no protocol has been established. This study aimed to assess the effect of androgen deprivation therapy combined with low‐dose estramustine phosphate (EMP) on BCR compared with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) alone in high‐ and very high‐risk patients with PC.

Methods

This retrospective study targeted patients with PC meeting the National Comprehensive Cancer Network high‐risk criteria (cT1‐4N0M0), with 173 patients in the exposure group who received neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy (gonadotropin‐releasing hormone [GnRH] antagonist combined with low‐dose EMP), and 490 patients in the control group treated with and neoadjuvant hormone therapy (NHT) (ADT ± first‐generation anti‐androgens). Data for each group were extracted from a database of patients who underwent robot‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy at 25 tertiary care centers across Japan between 2011 and 2023. The inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to adjust for baseline differences. The primary outcome was BCR‐free survival, with hazard ratios (HRs) calculated using a Cox proportional hazards model between the high‐risk and very high‐risk groups.

Results

After adjustment, the standardized mean difference was < 0.1. The exposure group had 3 and 5‐year BCR‐free survival rates of 82.1% and 74.6%, respectively, compared with 70.8% and 64.4% in the control group (HR: 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.35–0.88). For high‐risk patients, the rates were 87.1% and 84.2% at both 3 and 5 years in the intervention group and 83.5% and 75.0% in the control group (HR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.30–1.47). For very high‐risk patients, the 3‐year and 5‐year rates were 75.3% and 65.7% in the intervention group and 57.3% and 53.6% in the control group (HR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.30–0.92).

Conclusions

In patients with very high‐risk PC undergoing robot‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy, a GnRH antagonist and low‐dose EMP yielded better BCR‐free survival outcomes than NHT.
Prognostic Nutritional Index as a Biomarker in Metastatic Hormone‐Sensitive Prostate Cancer: Impact on Survival and Treatment Optimization
Authors: Hacioglu Muhammet Bekir , Kucukarda Ahmet , Gokmen Ivo , Gurbuz Ali Fuat , Araz Murat , Kahvecioglu Fatma Akdag , Hacibekiroglu Ilhan , Akdoğan Orhun , Yazıcı Ozan , Akkus Fatma Aysun , Çelebi Abdussamet , Kostek Osman , Erdogan Bulent
Published: February 2025

Objective

The Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), reflects the nutritional and immunological status of the patient and has been associated with outcomes in various cancers. In this study, the prognostic significance of PNI in metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) and its potential role in guiding treatment decisions between abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide is investigated.

Methods

Retrospective analysis was performed on 167 mHSPC patients treated between 2019 and 2024. PNI was calculated using the formula: 10 × serum albumin (g/dL) + 0.005 × total lymphocyte count (/mm³). Patients were stratified into high and low PNI groups according to a cutoff value of 49.98, determined via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Survival outcomes, including overall survival (OS), radiographic progression‐free survival (rPFS), and PSA progression‐free survival (PSA‐PFS), were assessed. Treatment responses to abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide were compared within PNI strata.

Results

Patients with PNI > 49.98 had significantly longer median OS than those with PNI ≤ 49.98 (36.6 months vs. 30.0 months, p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis identified high PNI, ECOG performance status 0–1, and absence of visceral metastasis as independent predictors of improved OS. Among patients with low PNI, those treated with enzalutamide had superior OS compared to those receiving abiraterone acetate (p = 0.004), while no significant OS difference was noted between treatments in the high PNI group (p = 0.55).

Conclusion

PNI serves as a significant prognostic biomarker in mHSPC, correlating with overall survival and potentially influencing treatment efficacy between abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide. Integrating PNI into clinical practice may aid in tailoring individualized treatment options.
Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Coordinated Amines Assisted by Metal Ions
Authors: Bera Sachinath
Published: February 2025

Oxidative dehydrogenation (OD) of amines involves the elimination of two protons and two electrons ─(2H+ + 2e) that results in the transformation of ─CH─NH─ to ─C═N─ moiety. A variety of amines coordinated to the transition metal ion, including iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, ruthenium, rhodium, and iridium, also rare earth metals undergo OD reaction. The reaction occurs mainly under a basic medium in the presence of air/O2, which is a green oxidant. The metal ions play a significant role in the OD reaction. They can participate in redox reactions as an internal oxidant and can also influence the deprotonation of the ─NH function to form an amido intermediate, crucial for the OD reaction of amines. Not only that, the photosensitized metal ion or metal‐stabilized ligand‐centered radical activates O2 to promote OD reaction. This review presents the OD reaction of amines that occurred in air/O2 to explore the role of metal ions and fates of O2. The study reveals that along with the oxidation state of the metal ion, other factors like the redox potential of Mn+/M(n−1)+, the geometry of the complex, the coordination mode of the ligand, substituents on the ligand, co‐ligands, and steric crowding also influence OD. The different spectroscopies, including single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, which is employed to study the OD reactions, are also interpreted.
Understanding the Mechanism of Cardiotoxicity Induced by Nanomaterials: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Zheng Zaiyong , Zhu Shuang , Wang Xiaobo , Wu Haoran , Fu Min , Hu Houxiang , Gu Zhanjun , Zhang Chunxiang
Published: February 2025

Nanomaterials have been vastly used in daily life. However, owing to their unique properties, nanomaterials also show potential side effects. Among the various organs affected by nanomaterials, the circulatory system stands out as particularly vulnerable, drawing additional attention to its cardiac toxicity. To address the cardiovascular nanotoxicity and further promote the safe use of nanotechnology, a comprehensive review of the cardiotoxicity induced by nanomaterials is provided. The review begins by identifying the current research trends and hotspots in this field via a bibliometric analysis. Subsequently, based on the objectively obtained research hotspots, the mechanism of cardiovascular nanotoxicity, including exposure route, membrane injury, ion disturbance, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death, is reviewed and discussed. Finally, current strategies for the mitigation of nanotoxicity are also proposed. The objective of this review is to assist readers in understanding the mechanism of cardiotoxicity induced by nanomaterials and to facilitate their safe application for human health.
A case study of the dynamics and thermodynamics of Cyclone Titli in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Rahman Kh. Hafizur , Taher M. A.
Published: February 2025

Tropical cyclones (TCs) rank among the most destructive atmospheric phenomena. The very severe cyclonic storm Titli formed over the Bay of Bengal on 8 October 2018 and crossed the Indian coast. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting model performed reasonably in simulating the intensity of Titli with a 60h lead time. The model accurately represented the spatial distribution of latent heat flux (LHF) and skilfully captured the warm‐core structure. The area‐averaged values of LHF and relative vorticity at different atmospheric levels are calculated. A notable finding is the strong correlation between upper level atmospheric conditions and tropical cyclone intensity.
On exact overlaps of integrable matrix product states: inhomogeneities, twists and dressing formulas
Authors: Gombor Tamas , Kristjansen Charlotte , Moustakis Vasileios , Qian Xin
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Invoking a quantum dressing procedure as well as the representation theory of twisted Yangians we derive a number of summation formulas for the overlap between integrable matrix product states and Bethe eigenstates which involve only eigenvalues of fused transfer matrices and which are valid in the presence of inhomogeneities as well as twists. Although the method is general we specialize to the SO(6) spin chain for which integrable matrix product states corresponding to evaluation representations of the twisted Yangian Y
+(4) encode the information about one-point functions of the D3-D5 domain wall version of

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 4 SYM. Considering the untwisted and homogeneous limit of our summation formulas we finally fill the last gap in the analytical understanding of the overlap formula for the SO(6) sector of the D3-D5 domain wall system.
Analytical insights on hadronic top quark polarimetry
Authors: Dong Zhongtian , Gonçalves Dorival , Kong Kyoungchul , Larkoski Andrew J. , Navarro Alberto
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Top quark polarization provides an important tool for studying its production mechanisms, spin correlations, top quark properties, and new physics searches. Unlike lighter quarks, the top quark’s polarization remains intact until its decay, enabling precise spin measurements. While the down-type fermions from W boson decay are known to be effective spin analyzers, charged leptons have typically been the main target for most analyses. In this paper, we investigate the relevance of global jet dynamics – considering kinematics, jet charges, and particle multiplicity – for hadronic top quark polarimetry. The formalism used allows for analytical derivations obtained throughout the manuscript, offering deeper insights into the corresponding phenomenology.
The mostly BRST exact operator in superstrings
Authors: Kashyap Sitender Pratap
Published: February 2025

Abstract

A careful gauge fixing of the conformal killing group (CKG) on genus zero surfaces in bosonic string theory gives non-vanishing two point amplitudes that match the corresponding field theory expressions [1, 2]. An important ingredient for gauge fixing two point amplitudes in [2] was the mostly BRST (mBRST) exact operator. The utility of this operator in gauge fixing CKG perhaps is not just limited to two point amplitudes — we can insert a mBRST exact operator to fix a conformal killing vector (CKV) instead of fixing the position of a vertex operator in a general tree level bosonic string amplitude [3, 4].

Using the mBRST exact operator, written in the pure spinor variables, we get the expected two point superstring amplitudes [5]. In this work we explore if it is possible to use this operator for fixing CKG for general tree level amplitudes in superstrings. We find it to be the case by explicitly re-calculating the three gluon amplitude in open strings by making use of this operator. Finally, we show that this operator directly emerges by following a Faddeev-Popov gauge fixing method in bosonic string theory. This derivation is independent of the number of external strings, thus proving the above claim.
Supersymmetric index for half BPS black holes in N=2 supergravity with higher curvature corrections
Authors: Hegde Subramanya , Sen Ashoke , Shanmugapriya P. , Virmani Amitabh
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We compute the supersymmetric index of half BPS black holes in N=2 supergravity with higher curvature corrections and show that the result agrees with the degeneracy of supersymmetric extremal black holes carrying the same charges. Both sides of the computation are done gravitationally.
Axion minima in string theory
Authors: Gendler Naomi , Janssen Oliver , Kleban Matthew , La Madrid Joan , Mehta Viraf M.
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We study the landscape of axion theories in compactifications of type IIB string theory on orientifolds of Calabi-Yau threefolds. In a sample of approximately 400,000 geometries we find that in the regime of perturbative control there are only a handful of distinct axion minima per geometry, despite there being infinitely many instanton contributions to the potential with unbounded charges. The ensemble we consider has numbers of axion fields ranging from 1 to 491, but the median number of distinct minima is 1, the mean number is 1.9 and the largest is 54. These small numbers of minima occur because the leading axion charge matrix is quite sparse, while the subleading corrections are increasingly exponentially suppressed as the charges increase. On their own, such potentials are nowhere near rich enough to be of interest anthropically. This is in stark contrast to potentials for which the charge matrix is less sparse or the hierarchies between the instanton contributions are less steep, where one can find

$$ \mathcal{O}\left({10}^{500}\right) $$

O

10
500

minima for

$$ \mathcal{O}(500) $$

O

500

axions. To generate a sufficiently large landscape from string compactifications our results indicate that one would need to rely on varying flux or topology, or to develop tools that allow one to go beyond the regime we can control with current techniques.
Long-Term Results after Early Secondary Repair of Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Hansen Iben Onsberg , Due Ulla , Habes Safia , Dynesen Karoline Daniel , Klarskov Niels , Jangö Hanna
Published: February 2025

Introduction and Hypothesis

The incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) is 3.6–6% of women with vaginal deliveries. Complications to OASI are common, and secondary repair is needed in 2.6–3%. Traditionally, secondary repair has been postponed until wound healing, but studies have shown that early secondary repair within 21 days can be safely performed.

Methods

The aim of this cohort study and literature review was to investigate the long-term outcomes after early secondary repair with focus on anal incontinence, quality of life and impact on sexual function with the use of International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Bowel (ICIQ-B).

Results

A total of 17 patients underwent early secondary repair after OASI within the study period and 11 answered and returned the long-term follow-up questionnaire. Seven had no postoperative complications, nine had infection and two developed recto-vaginal fistulas that needed subsequent surgical treatment. Median follow-up period was 5 years (2.3–5.7). At long-term, ten women (91%) reported fecal urgency, nine (82%) flatal and liquid incontinence, six (55%) problems with soiling and six (55%) unpredictable bowel accidents. Five women (45%) planned daily activities to accommodate their anal incontinence and three (27%) stayed at home because of anal incontinence. Seven women (64%) reported restrictions in their sexual relations due to anal incontinence.

Conclusions

In conclusion, early secondary repair of OASI in women with severe wound dehiscence involving the anal sphincter may be necessary. However, this group have a high risk of anal incontinence, negative impact on quality of life, and risk of sexual dysfunction at long-term follow-up.
Use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among people living with Sjögren’s: a cross-sectional survey using a modified international CAM questionnaire (I-CAM-Q)
Authors: Flood Michelle , Ní Gabhann-Dromgoole Joan , Tynan Gráinne , Dillon Niamh , Collins Deirdre , Lauder Monika , Sheehy Eileen , Moriarty Frank , Barlow James W.
Published: February 2025

Sjögren’s is a chronic autoimmune disease with diverse symptomatology, and varying patient satisfaction with management. Patients with chronic conditions are known to be higher users of complementary and alternative (CAM) practices, yet little information regarding extent of such use exists. This paper describes usage of CAM practices among people living with Sjögren’s, encompassing visits to healthcare providers, CAM practitioners, self-administered CAM and self-help practices. We explored both purposes and perceived helpfulness of the various modalities utilised. 296 respondents completed an online survey administered through Sjögren’s Research Ireland in 2023. An adapted form of the International Complementary and Alternative Medicine Questionnaire (I-CAM-Q) was utilised as the survey instrument. 88.5% of respondents had a formal diagnosis of Sjögren’s. The majority (93.6%) were female, across all age groups. Over half (52%) of non-retired respondents were at least partially unable to work due to their diagnosis. Over half of all respondents (58.8%) listed at least one concomitant health problem. Most respondents (248, 83.8%) had used some form of CAM within the preceding 12 months. One-in-four had attended a CAM practitioner, most commonly chiropractors (8.4%) or acupuncturists (7.8%). Conventional healthcare and CAM providers were both consulted more commonly for management of chronic conditions or for well-being than for acute symptom management, although this was particularly stark for CAM consultations. 196 respondents (66.2%) reported use of self-administered CAM, predominantly vitamins/minerals or dietary supplements. 69.9% used various self-care practices, with the most reported being meditation, relaxation techniques and prayer. People living with Sjögren’s attend both conventional healthcare providers and CAM practitioners to a high degree and use a diverse range of complementary therapies and practices. Health care professionals need to consider and discuss potential CAM use by this patient cohort and offer evidence-based patient education about therapies and practices encountered.
Cerebellar hemorrhages in very preterm infants: presence, involvement of the dentate nucleus, and cerebellar hypoplasia are associated with adverse cognitive outcomes
Authors: Drommelschmidt Karla , Mayrhofer Thomas , Foldyna Borek , Müller Hanna , Raudzus Janika , Göricke Sophia L. , Schweiger Bernd , Sirin Selma
Published: February 2025

Objective

Impaired cognition is a frequent complication of prematurity, closely related to patients’ outcomes. Imaging features of cerebellar hemorrhages (CBH) related to impaired cognition are not well studied. This study evaluated the relationship between cMRI-derived CBH characteristics and clinical risk factors for adverse cognition.

Methods

Our analysis is threefold: (1) We included very preterm infants (2009–2018) undergoing cMRI, and compared clinical and cMRI findings between infants with and without CBH. (2) In the CBH cohort, we associated clinical and imaging findings with cognitive outcomes (Bayley Score of Infant Development at two years corrected age, impaired outcomes: < 85) using uni- and multivariable logistic regression analyses. (3) We conducted a matched pair case-control analysis (CBH vs. no CBH) matching for gestational age (GA) and supratentorial injury.

Results

Among the 507 infants (52% male; mean GA 26.8 ± 2.7 weeks), 53 (10.5%) presented with CBH. Cognition was impaired in those with CBH (case-control: 88 (IQR: 75–110) vs. 105 (IQR: 90–112), p < 0.001), even in those with CBH < 5 mm (case-control: 95 (IQR: 77.5–115) vs. 105 (IQR: 91–113), p = 0.037). In infants with CBH, red-blood-cell-transfusion requirement (odds ratio (OR) 1.32, 95% CI: 1.01–1.72, p = 0.037), dentate nucleus involvement (OR 17.61, 95% CI: 1.83–169.83, p = 0.013) and moderate-to-severe cerebellar hypoplasia (OR 26.41, 95% CI: 1.11–626.21, p = 0.043) were independent predictors of impaired cognition. Adding dentate nucleus involvement to cerebellar hypoplasia increased the discriminatory capacity (AUC 0.85 vs. 0.71, p = 0.004).

Conclusion

CBH (even < 5 mm) impact cognitive outcomes of very preterm infants, underlining the cerebellum’s importance for cognition. In infants with CBH, involvement of the dentate nucleus and moderate-to-severe cerebellar hypoplasia are independent structural risk factors for impaired cognition.

Key Points

Question

The cerebellum is important for cognition. Cerebellar hemorrhages are common in preterm infants, but the imaging features related to impaired cognition are not well studied.

Findings

Even small cerebellar hemorrhages affected cognition. Involvement of the dentate nucleus and moderate-to-severe cerebellar hypoplasia were identified as new structural risk factors for adverse cognition.

Clinical relevance

Cerebral MRI enables precise diagnosis of cerebellar hemorrhages and the detection of structural risk factors for adverse cognition like dentate nucleus involvement and cerebellar moderate-to-severe hypoplasia. This knowledge facilitates risk estimation, structured follow-up, and interventions after prematurity.
Internal solitary wave generation using a jet-array wavemaker
Authors: Chu Jen-Ping , Lynett Patrick , Luhar Mitul
Published: February 2025

This paper evaluates the experimental generation of internal solitary waves (ISWs) in a miscible two-layer system with a free surface using a jet-array wavemaker (JAW). Unlike traditional gate-release experiments, the JAW system generates ISWs by forcing a prescribed vertical distribution of mass flux. Experiments examine three different layer-depth ratios, with ISW amplitudes up to the maximum allowed by the extended Korteweg-de Vries (eKdV) solution. Phase speeds and wave profiles are captured via planar laser-induced fluorescence and the velocity field is measured synchronously using particle imaging velocimetry. Measured properties are directly compared with the eKdV predictions. As expected, small- and intermediate-amplitude waves match well with the corresponding eKdV solutions, with errors in amplitude and phase speed below 10%. For large waves with amplitudes approaching the maximum allowed by the eKdV solution, the phase speed and the velocity profiles resemble the eKdV solution while the wave profiles are distorted following the trough. This can potentially be attributed to Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities forming at the pycnocline. Larger errors are generally observed when the local Richardson number at the JAW inlet exceeds the threshold for instability.
Patient-centred outcome following endoscopic management of benign central airway obstruction
Authors: Bøgh Mads , Larsen Dalia Gustaityté , Lonka Matilde , Schytte Sten , Pedersen Ulrik , Gade Søren , O’Leary Padraig , Kjaergaard Thomas
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To examine patient-centred outcome following endoscopic treatment of central airway stenosis in terms of days alive and out of hospital (DAOH), need for re-intervention, and complications, with reference to aetiology of disease and applied treatment methodology.

Methods

Analyses were based on data from consecutive adult patients treated endoscopically for benign central airway obstruction at Aarhus University Hospital from 2012 to 2022, with a minimum follow-up of one year. DAOH was calculated for 30 and 365 days. Complications were graded based on the Clavien-Dindo classification. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictors for DAOH, re-intervention and complications.

Results

82 consecutive adult patients underwent endoscopic treatment during the period of inclusion, comprising a total of 175 dilatations, 42 benign tumour resections, and 67 stent insertions. Multiple interventions and short re-intervention intervals was more likely amongst patients reporting significant preoperative dyspnoea or requiring preoperative respiratory support, as well as patients treated with endoscopic insertion of silicone stents. The overall complication rate per procedure was 11.7%, and complications were more likely to occur in patients with high age, high BMI and comorbidity. Overall DAOH during the first year after intervention was 343 days, lowest amongst patients with tracheobronchomalacia or severe airway stenosis, and in those who underwent endoscopic stent insertion.

Conclusion

Endoscopic treatment is a safe and viable intervention in the management of benign central airway obstruction in adults with few complications and a high overall outcome.