bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Business and Economic Research, Vol. 8, No. 1
Authors: Young Daisy
Published: March 2018

Business and Economic Research (BER) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from December 1, 2017, to March 1, 2018. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether BER publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Publishing appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Almir A. AlihodžićAngela WrightCorina M RadulescuCristina Alina NaftanailaDorjana NanoEddie John FisherElena GurguEyup DoganFrantisek SvobodaGee Nee LimGerasimos T. SoldatosGhulam Muhammad QamriHengky Sumisto HalimHui Shan LeeMahmoud M.SabraMamta SinghMouhamadou T SowPiotr SiemiątkowskiRoderikus A. TrihatmokoRomeo Victor IonescuSahar BahmaniSaid JaouadiSantosh B. ManjegowdaSerhii KozlovskyiSheereen FauzelUmer Jeelanie BandayYu HsingZarnescu Odi MihaelaZdenek DytrtZeljko MateljakZi-Yi Guo
Inducción de resistencia en frijol contra conchuela Epilachna varivestis con nutrición y homeopatía
Authors: Rodríguez Hernández Cesáreo , Ruiz Espinoza Felipe De Jesús , Serrano Covarrubias Luis Manuel , Ronquillo Cedillo Ildefonso
Published: March 2018

El control de insectos plaga con insecticidas organosintéticos provoca varios problemas, por ello se han implementado varias alternativas; sin embargo, estas no se han integrado para lograr un mejor manejo. Esta investigación se realizó para evaluar el efecto de la fertilización mineral u orgánica y sin fertilizar, suelo convencional u orgánico y, con o sin agronosodes homeopáticas en el desarrollo de la conchuela del frijol y el daño foliar del adulto.Para ello se sembró frijol con estos tratamientos y se ofreció como planta u hoja cortada a diez larvas de primer instar en dos experimentos. Se evaluaron diversos parámetros en la biología del insecto y el daño foliar diario del adulto. La composta a una y tres toneladas ha-1 y el suelo orgánico, por separado, reducen de 7 a 14.6% la duración larval, respecto a la fertilización mineral y al suelo convencional; y a dosis de 1.8 a 3.6 t ha-1 y el agronosode a la 200CH reducen en 50% o más el daño foliar del adulto, pero combinados pierden el efecto. El suelo orgánico combinado con agronosode a la 200CH reduce en 85.7% la viabilidad pupal. La integración de suelo orgánico con composta 3 t ha-1 de composta o con agronosode a la 200CH perjudica al insecto y protege al cultivo.Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible, Vol. 6, 2017: 43-56
Aprovechamiento integral del camarón de cultivo de la Bahía de Jiquilisco, departamento de Usulután, para su desarrollo industrial bajo normas de calidad e inocuidad
Authors: Perlera de Escalante Ana Elizabeth , Pacheco de Jordán Melba Jeannette , Calderón de Zacatares Vilma Ruth
Published: March 2018

El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la producción y la caracterización fisicoquímica y microbiológica de tres tipos de harinas desarrolladas a partir de subproductos de camarón (Litopeneaus vannamei), originario de la Bahía de Jiquilisco; también se desarrollaron productos alimenticios elaborados con estas harinas. Además, se realizaron análisis microbiológicos de músculo abdominal crudo, exoesqueleto y hepatopáncreas, así como de las harinas formuladas. Se desarrollaron tres harinas a partir de cefalotórax y músculo abdominal, asimismo, siete productos alimenticios cuyo ingrediente principal son las harinas de músculo, cola y cabeza de camarón para evaluar la inocuidad de las harinas producidas, y tener parámetros para conocer la efectividad del uso del proceso de escaldado como reductor microbiano.Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible, Vol. 6, 2017: 73-85
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Statistics and Probability, Vol. 7, No. 2
Authors: Smith Wendy
Published: March 2018

International Journal of Statistics and Probability wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated.Many authors, regardless of whether International Journal of Statistics and Probability publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers.Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 2 Bibi Abdelouahab, University Mentouri Constantine, AlgeriaCarolyn Huston, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), AustraliaLuiz Ricardo Nakamura, University of Sao Paulo, BrazilMohieddine Rahmouni, University of Tunis, TunisiaPablo José Moya Fernández, Universidad de Granada, SpainPhilip Westgate, University of Kentucky, USASajid Ali, Quaid-i-Azam University, PakistanShatrunjai Pratap Singh, John Hancock Financial Services, USASubhradev Sen, Alliance University, IndiaTomás R. Cotos-Yáñez, University of Vigo, SpainVyacheslav Abramov, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia Wendy SmithOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of International Journal of Statistics and ProbabilityCanadian Center of Science and Education
De daling in jeugddelinquentie: minder risico, meer bescherming?
Authors: van der Laan André , Rokven Josja , Weijters Gijs , Beerthuizen Marinus
Published: March 2018

The juvenile crime drop: less risk, more protection?

According to police statistics, juvenile crime in the Netherlands decreased annually since 2007. Explanations for the crime drop primarily focused on single macro explanations, such as increasing prosperity, focused policing or decreasing alcohol use. The prevalence of self-reported delinquency also dropped in the period 2005 till 2015. In three consecutive cohorts of the Youth Delinquency Survey (YDS; 2005, 2010, 2015) changes in exposure to risk and protective factors offered potential explanations for the drop in juvenile delinquency. Compared to previous cohorts, juveniles in the 2015-cohort were less exposed to risk factors like alcohol use and delinquent friends, and more exposed to protective factors like perceived emotional support, solicitation and monitoring by parents. Amongst serious delinquents, however, the exposure to individual risk behavior and delinquent friends was stable over time. Serious delinquents also showed stability over the cohorts in frequency and seriousness of offenses. The vulnerability for risk and protective factors was consistent amongst the three cohorts, regardless the seriousness of delinquency. Changing social cultural attitudes towards risk behavior, e.g. delinquency, could be an additional explanation for the juvenile crime drop. Implications for theory and policy are discussed.
Economische theorievorming over misdaad en straf, vijftig jaar na Becker
Authors: van Velthoven Ben
Published: March 2018

The economic theory of crime and punishment, fifty years since Becker

Fifty years ago, Gary Becker’s seminal article on the economics of crime and punishment was published. This paper reviews the theoretical developments in the field since then and takes stock of the strenghts and weaknesses of the economic approach.
Teoretická východiska politického brandingu: představení modelu voliče orientovaného na hodnotu značky a jeho metodologické ukotvení
Authors: Vašátková Daniela
Published: March 2018

Since the 1960s, voting behaviour in advanced democratic states has undergone substantial changes. From this period, the transformation of social structures, increased education, and the expansion of new technologies in the field of mass media, among other things, are evident. The transformation factors that affect the voter and his choice are sooner or later reflected in new theoretical concepts describing electoral behaviour, whether it was the theory of party identification, voter choice based on issues or rational choice. So far, however, none of the theories have adequately reflected the effect of consumer-style thinking on electoral behaviour. A new trend in political marketing – political branding – aims to correct precisely this deficiency. Due to the fact that the relevant research in the field of political branding and its impact on the voting behaviour of individuals is still in its infancy, we are faced with a lack of robust theoretical foundations. The text thus aims to clarify this situation by gathering and analysing existing branding concepts, pointing to their strengths and weaknesses. Also, it contributes to the theoretical discussion by linking research on political branding to existing theories of voting behaviour, asking whether the related branding concepts are able to explain the voting behaviour of voters as well as whether they are open to further amendments and modifications.
Distribution of 21-Gene Recurrence Scores Among Breast Cancer Histologic Subtypes
Authors: Kizy Scott , Huang Jing Li , Marmor Schelomo , Blaes Anne , Yuan Jianling , Beckwith Heather , Tuttle Todd M. , Hui Jane Yuet Ching
Published: March 2018

Context.—

The 21-gene recurrence score (RS) provides a probability of distant recurrence for estrogen receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–negative breast cancers. The utility of RS for rarer histologic subtypes of breast cancer is uncertain.

Objective.—

To determine the distribution of RS among various histologic subtypes using a population database.

Design.—

Women between the ages of 18 and 75 with estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer and known RS results were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Recurrence scores were categorized into risk groups using both traditional and Trial Assigning Individualized Options for Treatment cutoffs. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with high-risk RS.

Results.—

We identified 45 618 patients with stage I to III, estrogen receptor–positive, HER2-negative breast cancer who had RS available. Overall, 3087 (7%) and 6337 (14%) of cancers were classified as high risk based on traditional and Trial Assigning Individualized Options for Treatment RS cutoffs, respectively. The proportion of high-risk RS ranged from 1% (tubular, 2 of 225) to 68% (medullary, 13 of 19) and 4% (tubular, 10 of 225) to 79% (medullary, 15 of 19) for traditional and Trial Assigning Individualized Options for Treatment cutoffs, respectively. Based on multivariable logistic regression (excluding medullary), subtypes other than invasive ductal carcinoma and papillary carcinoma were significantly associated with lower RS. The strongest predictors of a high-risk RS were higher tumor grade and negative progesterone receptor status.

Conclusions.—

We identified distinct distributions of RS among different histologic subtypes of breast cancer. Excluding medullary carcinoma, histologic subtypes other than invasive ductal carcinoma and papillary carcinoma all predict lower RS.
Bend Faulting at the Edge of a Flat Slab: The 2017 Mw7.1 Puebla‐Morelos, Mexico Earthquake
Authors: Melgar Diego , Pérez‐Campos Xyoli , Ramirez‐Guzman Leonardo , Spica Zack , Espíndola Victor Hugo , Hammond William C. , Cabral‐Cano Enrique
Published: March 2018

We present results of a slip model from joint inversion of strong motion and static Global Positioning System data for the Mw7.1 Puebla‐Morelos earthquake. We find that the earthquake nucleates at the bottom of the oceanic crust or within the oceanic mantle with most of the moment release occurring within the oceanic mantle. Given its location at the edge of the flat slab, the earthquake is likely the result of bending stresses occurring at the transition from flat slab subduction to steeply dipping subduction. The event strikes obliquely to the slab, we find a good agreement between the seafloor fabric offshore the source region and the strike of the earthquake. We argue that the event likely reactivated a fault first created during seafloor formation. We hypothesize that large bending‐related events at the edge of the flat slab are more likely in areas of low misalignment between the seafloor fabric and the slab strike where reactivation of preexisting structures is favored. This hypothesis predicts decreased likelihood of bending‐related events northwest of the 2017 source region but also suggests that they should be more likely southeast of the 2017 source region.
Formation of Dawn‐Dusk Asymmetry in Earth's Magnetotail Thin Current Sheet: A Three‐Dimensional Particle‐In‐Cell Simulation
Authors: Lu San , Pritchett P. L. , Angelopoulos V. , Artemyev A. V.
Published: March 2018

Using a three‐dimensional particle‐in‐cell simulation, we investigate the formation of dawn‐dusk asymmetry in Earth's magnetotail. The magnetotail current sheet is compressed by an external driving electric field down to a thickness on the order of ion kinetic scales. In the resultant thin current sheet (TCS) where the magnetic field line curvature radius is much smaller than ion gyroradius, a significant portion of the ions becomes unmagnetized and decoupled from the magnetized electrons, giving rise to a Hall electric field Ez and an additional cross‐tail current jy caused by the unmagnetized ions being unable to comove with the electrons in the Hall electric field. The Hall electric field transports via E × B drift magnetic flux and magnetized plasma dawnward, causing a reduction of the current sheet thickness and the normal magnetic field Bz on the duskside. This leads to an even stronger Hall effect (stronger jy and Ez) in the duskside TCS. Thus, due to the internal kinetic effects in the TCS, namely, the Hall effect and the associated dawnward E × B drift, the magnetotail dawn‐dusk asymmetry forms in a short time without any global, long‐term effects. The duskside preference of reconnection and associated dynamic phenomena (such as substorm onsets, dipolarizing flux bundles, fast flows, energetic particle injections, and flux ropes), which has been pervasively observed by spacecraft in the past 20 years, can thus be explained as a consequence of this TCS asymmetry.
El Niño, Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly and Coral Bleaching in the South Atlantic: A Chain of Events Modeled With a Bayesian Approach
Authors: Lisboa D. S. , Kikuchi R. K. P. , Leão Zelinda M. A. N.
Published: March 2018

Coral bleaching represents one of the main climate‐change related threats to reef ecosystems. This research represents a methodological alternative for modeling this phenomenon, focused on assessing uncertainties and complexities with a low number of observations. To develop this model, intermittent reef monitoring data from the largest reef complex in the South Atlantic collected over nine summers between 2000 and 2014 were used with remote sensing data to construct and train a bleaching seasonal prediction model. The Bayesian approach was used to construct the network as it is suitable for hierarchically organizing local thermal variables and combining them with El Niño indicators from the preceding winter to generate accurate bleaching predictions for the coming season. Network count information from six environmental indicators was used to calculate the probability of bleaching, which is mainly influenced by the combined information of two thermal indices; one thermal index is designed to track short period anomalies in the early summer that are capable of triggering bleaching (SST of five consecutive days), and the other index is responsible for tracking the accumulation of thermal stress over time, an index called degree heating trimester (DHT). In addition to developing the network, this study conducted the three tests of applicability proposed for model: 1‐ Perform the forecast of coral bleaching for the summer of 2016; 2‐ Investigate the role of turbidity during the bleaching episodes; and 3‐ Use the model information to identify areas with a lower predisposition to bleaching events.
Simulations of the Boreal Winter Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere With Meteorological Specifications in SD‐WACCM‐X
Authors: Sassi Fabrizio , Siskind David E. , Tate Jennifer L. , Liu Han‐Li , Randall Cora E.
Published: March 2018

We investigate the benefit of high‐altitude nudging in simulations of the structure and short‐term variability of the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere (UMLT) dynamical meteorology during boreal winter, specifically around the time of the January 2009 sudden stratospheric warming. We compare simulations using the Specified Dynamics, Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, extended version, nudged using atmospheric specifications generated by the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System, Advanced Level Physics High Altitude. Two sets of simulations are carried out: one uses nudging over a vertical domain from 0 to 90 km; the other uses nudging over a vertical domain from 0 to 50 km. The dynamical behavior is diagnosed from ensemble mean and standard deviation of winds, temperature, and zonal accelerations due to resolved and parameterized waves. We show that the dynamical behavior of the UMLT is quite different in the two experiments, with prominent differences in the structure and variability of constituent transport. We compare the results of our numerical experiments to observations of carbon monoxide by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment‐Fourier Transform Spectrometer to show that the high‐altitude nudging is capable of reproducing with high fidelity the observed variability, and traveling planetary waves are a crucial component of the dynamics. The results of this study indicate that to capture the key physical processes that affect short‐term variability (defined as the atmospheric behavior within about 10 days of a stratospheric warming) in the UMLT, specification of the atmospheric state in the stratosphere alone is not sufficient, and upper atmospheric specifications are needed.
Estimate of Radiosonde Dry Bias From Far‐Infrared Measurements on the Antarctic Plateau
Authors: Rizzi R. , Maestri T. , Arosio C.
Published: March 2018

The experimental data set of downwelling radiance spectra measured at the ground in clear conditions during 2013 by a Far‐Infrared Fourier Transform Spectrometer at Dome‐C, Antarctica, presented in Rizzi et al. (2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025341) is used to estimate the effect of solar heating of the radiosonde humidity sensor, called dry bias. The effect is quite evident comparing residuals for the austral summer and winter clear cases and can be modeled by an increase of the water vapor concentration at all levels by about 15%. Such an estimate has become possible only after a new version of the simulation code and spectroscopic data has become available, which has substantially improved the modeling of water vapor absorption in the far infrared. The negative yearly spectral bias reported in Rizzi et al. (2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025341) is in fact greatly reduced when compared to the same measurement data set.
An Efficient Local Correlation Matrix Decomposition Approach for the Localization Implementation of Ensemble‐Based Assimilation Methods
Authors: Zhang Hongqin , Tian Xiangjun
Published: March 2018

Ensemble‐based data assimilation methods often use the so‐called localization scheme to improve the representation of the ensemble background error covariance (Be). Extensive research has been undertaken to reduce the computational cost of these methods by using the localized ensemble samples to localize Be by means of a direct decomposition of the local correlation matrix C. However, the computational costs of the direct decomposition of the local correlation matrix C are still extremely high due to its high dimension. In this paper, we propose an efficient local correlation matrix decomposition approach based on the concept of alternating directions. This approach is intended to avoid direct decomposition of the correlation matrix. Instead, we first decompose the correlation matrix into 1‐D correlation matrices in the three coordinate directions, then construct their empirical orthogonal function decomposition at low resolution. This procedure is followed by the 1‐D spline interpolation process to transform the above decompositions to the high‐resolution grid. Finally, an efficient correlation matrix decomposition is achieved by computing the very similar Kronecker product. We conducted a series of comparison experiments to illustrate the validity and accuracy of the proposed local correlation matrix decomposition approach. The effectiveness of the proposed correlation matrix decomposition approach and its efficient localization implementation of the nonlinear least‐squares four‐dimensional variational assimilation are further demonstrated by several groups of numerical experiments based on the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting model.
The Changeable Power Law Singularity and its Application to Prediction of Catastrophic Rupture in Uniaxial Compressive Tests of Geomedia
Authors: Xue Jian , Hao Shengwang , Wang Jun , Ke Fujiu , Lu Chunsheng , Bai Yilong
Published: March 2018

The acceleration precursor of catastrophic rupture in rock‐like materials is usually characterized by a power law relationship, but the exponent exhibits a considerable scatter in practice. In this paper, based on experiments of granites and marbles under quasi‐static uniaxial and unconfined compression, it is shown that the power law exponent varies between −1 and −1/2. Such a changeable power law singularity can be justified by the energy criterion and a power function approximation. As the power law exponent is close to the lowest value of −1, rocks are prone to a perfect catastrophic rupture. Furthermore, it is found that the fitted reduced power law exponent decreases monotonically in the vicinity of a rupture point and converges to its lower limit. Therefore, the upper bound of catastrophic rupture time is constrained by the lowest value of the exponents and can be estimated in real time. This implies that, with the increase of real‐time sampling data, the predicted upper bound of catastrophic rupture time can be unceasingly improved.
Deep cerebral vein expansion with metabolic and neurocognitive recovery in Sturge–Weber syndrome
Authors: John Flóra , Maqbool Mohsin , Jeong Jeong‐won , Agarwal Rajkumar , Behen Michael E. , Juhász Csaba
Published: March 2018

We present longitudinal imaging data of a child with Sturge–Weber syndrome (SWS). At age 8 months, 3 weeks after initial seizures and prolonged motor deficit, MRI showed extensive right hemispheric SWS involvement with severe glucose hypometabolism on PET. She was treated with levetiracetam and aspirin. Follow‐up imaging at age 29 months showed a robust interval expansion of enlarged deep medullary veins throughout the affected hemisphere along with a dramatic recovery of hemispheric metabolism and normalized neurocognitive functioning. These findings demonstrate a robust, multilobar hemispheric remodeling of deep venous collaterals that likely contributed to reversal of initial metabolic and neurocognitive deficits.
Sustainable Solid‐State Supercapacitors Made of 3D‐Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) and κ‐Carrageenan Biohydrogel
Authors: Fabregat Georgina , Hodásová L'udmila , del Valle Luis J. , Estrany Francesc , Alemán Carlos
Published: March 2018

3D‐Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) electrodes are prepared using the multi‐step template‐assisted approach. Specifically, poly(lactic acid) nano‐ and microfibers collected on a previously polymerized PEDOT film are used as templates for PEDOT nano‐ and microtubes, respectively. Morphological analysis of the samples indicates that 3D‐PEDOT electrodes obtained using a low density of templates, in which nano‐ and microtubes are clearly identified, exhibit higher porosity, and specific surface than conventional 2D‐PEDOT electrodes. However, a pronounced leveling effect is observed when the density of templates is high. Thus, electrodes with microtubes still present a 3D‐morphology but much less marked than those prepared using a low density of PLA microfibers, whereas the morphology of those with nanotubes is practically identical to that of films. Electrochemical studies prove that solid supercapacitors prepared using 3D‐PEDOT electrodes and κ‐carrageenan biohydrogel as electrolytic medium, exhibit higher ability to exchange charge reversibly and to storage charge than the analogues prepared with 2D‐electrodes. Furthermore, solid devices prepared using 3D‐electrodes and κ‐carrageenan biohydrogel exhibit very similar specific capacitances that those obtained using the same electrodes and a liquid electrolyte (i.e., acetonitrile solution with 0.1 M LiClO4). These results prove that the success of 3D‐PEDOT electrodes is independent of the electrolytic medium.
Self‐Assembled pH‐Sensitive Fluoromagnetic Nanotubes as Archetype System for Multimodal Imaging of Brain Cancer
Authors: Villa Chiara , Campione Marcello , Santiago‐González Beatriz , Alessandrini Francesco , Erratico Silvia , Zucca Ileana , Bruzzone Maria Grazia , Forzenigo Laura , Malatesta Paolo , Mauri Michele , Trombetta Elena , Brovelli Sergio , Torrente Yvan , Meinardi Francesco , Monguzzi Angelo
Published: March 2018

Fluoromagnetic systems are recognized as an emerging class of materials with great potential in the biomedical field. Here, it is shown how to fabricate fluoromagnetic nanotubes that can serve as multimodal probes for the imaging and targeting of brain cancer. An ionic self‐assembly strategy is used to functionalize the surface of synthetic chrysotile nanotubes with pH‐sensitive fluorescent chromophores and ferromagnetic nanoparticles. The acquired magnetic properties permit their use as contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging, and enable the tracking of tumor cell migration and infiltration responsible for metastatic growth and disease recurrence. Their organic component, changing its fluorescence attitude as a function of local pH, targets the cancer distinctive acidity, and allows localizing and monitoring the tumor occurrence and progression by mapping the acidic spatial distribution within biopsy tissues. The fluoromagnetic properties of nanotubes are preserved from the in vitro to the in vivo condition and they show the ability to migrate across the blood brain barrier, thus spontaneously reaching the brain tumor after injection. The simplicity of the synthesis route of these geomimetic nanomaterials combined with their demonstrated affinity with the in vivo condition strongly highlights their potential for developing effective functional materials for multimodal theranostics of brain cancer.
Molecular Self‐Doping Controls Luminescence of Pure Organic Single Crystals
Authors: Parashchuk Olga D. , Mannanov Artur A. , Konstantinov Vladislav G. , Dominskiy Dmitry I. , Surin Nikolay M. , Borshchev Oleg V. , Ponomarenko Sergei A. , Pshenichnikov Maxim S. , Paraschuk Dmitry Yu.
Published: March 2018

Organic optoelectronics calls for materials combining bright luminescence and efficient charge transport. The former is readily achieved in isolated molecules, while the latter requires strong molecular aggregation, which usually quenches luminescence. This hurdle is generally resolved by doping the host material with highly luminescent molecules collecting the excitation energy from the host. Here, a novel concept of molecular self‐doping is introduced in which a higher luminescent dopant emerges as a minute‐amount byproduct during the host material synthesis. As a one‐stage process, self‐doping is more advantageous than widely used external doping. The concept is proved on thiophene–phenylene cooligomers (TPCO) consisting of four (host) and six (dopant) conjugated rings. It is shown that <1% self‐doping doubles the photoluminescence in the TPCO single crystals, while not affecting much their charge transport properties. The Monte‐Carlo modeling of photoluminescence dynamics reveals that host–dopant energy transfer is controlled by both excitonic transport in the host and host–dopant Förster resonant energy transfer. The self‐doping concept is further broadened to a variety of conjugated oligomers synthesized via Suzuki, Kumada, and Stille crosscoupling reactions. It is concluded that self‐doping combined with improved excitonic transport and host–dopant energy transfer is a promising route to highly luminescent semiconducting organic single crystals for optoelectronics.
Electrode Materials, Electrolytes, and Challenges in Nonaqueous Lithium‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Li Bing , Zheng Junsheng , Zhang Hongyou , Jin Liming , Yang Daijun , Lv Hong , Shen Chao , Shellikeri Annadanesh , Zheng Yiran , Gong Ruiqi , Zheng Jim P. , Zhang Cunman
Published: March 2018

Among the various energy‐storage systems, lithium‐ion capacitors (LICs) are receiving intensive attention due to their high energy density, high power density, long lifetime, and good stability. As a hybrid of lithium‐ion batteries and supercapacitors, LICs are composed of a battery‐type electrode and a capacitor‐type electrode and can potentially combine the advantages of the high energy density of batteries and the large power density of capacitors. Here, the working principle of LICs is discussed, and the recent advances in LIC electrode materials, particularly activated carbon and lithium titanate, as well as in electrolyte development are reviewed. The charge‐storage mechanisms for intercalative pseudocapacitive behavior, battery behavior, and conventional pseudocapacitive behavior are classified and compared. Finally, the prospects and challenges associated with LICs are discussed. The overall aim is to provide deep insights into the LIC field for continuing research and development of second‐generation energy‐storage technologies.
Stable High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells via Grain Boundary Passivation
Authors: Niu Tianqi , Lu Jing , Munir Rahim , Li Jianbo , Barrit Dounya , Zhang Xu , Hu Hanlin , Yang Zhou , Amassian Aram , Zhao Kui , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: March 2018

The trap states at grain boundaries (GBs) within polycrystalline perovskite films deteriorate their optoelectronic properties, making GB engineering particularly important for stable high‐performance optoelectronic devices. It is demonstrated that trap states within bulk films can be effectively passivated by semiconducting molecules with Lewis acid or base functional groups. The perovskite crystallization kinetics are studied using in situ synchrotron‐based grazing‐incidence X‐ray scattering to explore the film formation mechanism. A model of the passivation mechanism is proposed to understand how the molecules simultaneously passivate the Pb–I antisite defects and vacancies created by under‐coordinated Pb atoms. In addition, it also explains how the energy offset between the semiconducting molecules and the perovskite influences trap states and intergrain carrier transport. The superior optoelectronic properties are attained by optimizing the molecular passivation treatments. These benefits are translated into significant enhancements of the power conversion efficiencies to 19.3%, as well as improved environmental and thermal stability of solar cells. The passivated devices without encapsulation degrade only by ≈13% after 40 d of exposure in 50% relative humidity at room temperature, and only ≈10% after 24 h at 80 °C in controlled environment.
Wetting State Transitions over Hierarchical Conical Microstructures
Authors: Park Il Woong , Fernandino Maria , Dorao Carlos A.
Published: March 2018

Advancing in a better understanding of the physics of wetting requires to be able to develop surfaces with well‐controlled roughness by controlling the microstructure morphology. In this study, patterned truncated cones and hierarchical conical structures are fabricated. The wetting properties of the fabricated surfaces are measured for identifying the importance of the geometrical parameters on the wetting states ranging from superhydrophobic to superhydrophilic. In particular, the wetting transition from Cassie–Baxter to Wenzel state and its dependence on the geometrical parameters is investigated. It is observed that the transition is dependent on the center‐to‐center distance and the height of the structures.
A Review of Femtosecond‐Laser‐Induced Underwater Superoleophobic Surfaces
Authors: Yong Jiale , Chen Feng , Yang Qing , Jiang Zhuangde , Hou Xun
Published: March 2018

Underwater superoleophobic surfaces have attracted increasing interest because of their remarkable antioil ability and wide range of promising applications. In the meantime, femtosecond laser microfabrication becomes a rising star in the field of micro/nanomanufacturing based on the advantages of negligible heat‐affected zone, no‐contact process, precise ablation threshold, and high resolution. The collision of femtosecond laser microfabrication and achieving underwater superoleophobicity finally produces some colorful fireworks. In this review, the recent progress of femtosecond‐laser‐induced underwater superoleophobic surfaces, mainly including materials, fabrication, properties, multifunctions, and applications, is summarized. The related background is first introduced to show the principle for creating an underwater superoleophobic surface and the unique features of femtosecond laser. Based on the principle of “from in‐air superhydrophilicity to underwater superoleophobicity,” underwater superoleophobicity is achieved on different kinds of materials surfaces by simple femtosecond laser ablation. Furthermore, the femtosecond‐laser‐induced underwater superoleophobic surfaces can also be endowed with some additional properties such as controllable oil adhesion, underwater anisotropic oil wettability, good transparency, and durability, leading to the resultant surfaces that have various practical applications. The development of underwater superoleophobicity is still in its “toddler stage,” so the existing challenges and future prospects of this growing field are discussed finally.
Alkali Metal Chlorides Based Hydrogel as Eco‐Friendly Neutral Electrolyte for Bendable Solid‐State Capacitor
Authors: Li Hu , Wang Xinxin , Jiang Wen , Fu Haoyu , Liang Xiaoqiang , Zhang Ke , Li Zhe , Zhao Chaochao , Feng Hongqing , Nie Jia , Liu Ruping , Zhou Gang , Fan Yubo , Li Zhou
Published: March 2018

Hydration greatly affects ionic state in an aqueous environment and thus influences their electrochemical performance. In this study, three alkali metal chlorides dissolved in neutral polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel are fully investigated for bendable solid‐state TiO2 nanotube capacitor (BSTC). Radius difference between bare ions and hydrated ions results in their obviously different electrochemical performance. Hydration makes lithium‐ion (Li+) possess the largest hydrated radius and the lowest mobility, which endows it the best capacitance performance in BSTC by electrochemical characterization. BSTC with hydrated Li+ achieves high capacitance retention rates of 87% at 1 V for 3000 cycles and of 70% at 2 V for 2500 cycles. Additionally, it has no significant capacitance variation when stored for one month or bended to 120°.
Direct or Indirect Bandgap in Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskites?
Authors: Sarritzu Valerio , Sestu Nicola , Marongiu Daniela , Chang Xueqing , Wang Qingqian , Masi Sofia , Colella Silvia , Rizzo Aurora , Gocalinska Agnieszka , Pelucchi Emanuele , Mercuri Maria Laura , Quochi Francesco , Saba Michele , Mura Andrea , Bongiovanni Giovanni
Published: March 2018

Hybrid lead halide perovskites are unique solution‐processed semiconductors with very large optical absorption coefficients in the visible spectrum, large diffusion length of photoexcited charge carriers, and long excited state lifetimes, properties that have been exploited for the realization of solar cells and LEDs. However, one of the most fundamental properties of hybrid perovskites, whether the optical bandgap is direct or indirect, is actively debated. While perovskites have been considered direct bandgap semiconductors in most published literature, recent studies have proposed that the Rashba spin–orbit coupling gives rise to an indirect gap, few tens of meV lower in energy than the direct one. Here, the radiative recombination rates in hybrid perovskites are measured as a function of temperature, extracting their values from the instantaneous intensity of photoluminescence under pulsed excitation. Experimental data show that radiative recombination becomes faster with decreasing temperature, as in all direct bandgap materials and contrary to what expected for 3D Rashba semiconductors. The technique has been applied to CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbBr3, both in polycrystalline and single crystal samples, as well as to GaAs for validation purposes.
Designing the Iridescences of Biopolymers by Assembly of Photonic Crystal Superlattices
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Meng , Colusso Elena , Li Wenyi , Omenetto Fiorenzo G.
Published: March 2018

Structural color in naturally occurring systems is generally constituted by nanoscale lattices of biopolymers that generate beautiful iridescences through their regular structures, often interspersed with defects or period mismatch. Taking inspiration from both formats and materials found in Nature, a series of large‐scale, highly reflective biopolymer‐based photonic crystal superlattices constituted by stacking layers of 3D nanoscale lattices with different periodicity is presented. These silk photonic crystal superlattices (SPCSs) are fully composed of naturally derived structural proteins (silk fibroin) and exhibit brilliant structural color while being mechanically flexible. Multi‐stopbands over broad wavelength ranges or single‐stopbands with narrowband spectral responses can be readily realized and precisely controlled by manipulating the hierarchy of the lattice stacks or the repetition periods of the assembled colloidal monolayers. The unique ability to vary the silk protein conformation allows to vary the lattice and controllably “design” the iridescences of the SPCSs with water vapor adding versatility to this biopolymer‐based photonic structure.
Progress in Aqueous Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Bin Duan , Wang Fei , Tamirat Andebet Gedamu , Suo Liumin , Wang Yonggang , Wang Chunsheng , Xia Yongyao
Published: March 2018

Sodium (Na) is one of the more abundant elements on earth and exhibits similar chemical properties as lithium (Li), indicating that Na could be applied to a similar battery system. Like aqueous Li‐ion batteries, aqueous sodium‐ion batteries (ASIBs) are also demonstrated to be one of the most promising stationary power sources for sustainable energies such as wind and solar power. Compared to traditional nonaqueous batteries, ASIBs may solve the safety problems associated with the highly toxic and flammable organic electrolyte in the traditional lithium‐ion and sodium‐ion batteries. During the past decades, many efforts are made to improve the performance of the ASIBs. The present review focuses on the latest advances in the exploration and development of ASIB systems and related components, including cathodes, anodes, and electrolytes. Previously reported studies are briefly summarized, together with the presentation of new findings based on the electrochemical performance, cycling stability, and morphology approaches. In addition, the main opportunities, achievements, and challenges in this field are briefly commented and discussed.
An Ultralong Lifespan and Low‐Temperature Workable Sodium‐Ion Full Battery for Stationary Energy Storage
Authors: Wang Ying‐Ying , Hou Bao‐Hua , Guo Jin‐Zhi , Ning Qiu‐Li , Pang Wei‐Lin , Wang Jiawei , Lü Chang‐Li , Wu Xing‐Long
Published: March 2018

Presently, commercialization of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) is still hindered by the relatively poor energy‐storage performance. In addition, low‐temperature (low‐T) Na storage is another principal concern for the wide application of SIBs. Unfortunately, the Na‐transfer kinetics is extremely sluggish at low‐T, as a result, there are few reports on low‐T SIBs. Here, an advanced low‐T sodium‐ion full battery (SIFB) assembled by an anode of 3D Se/graphene composite and a high‐voltage cathode (Na3V2(PO4)2O2F) is developed, exhibiting ultralong lifespan (over even 15 000 cycles, the capacity retention is still up to 86.3% at 1 A g−1), outstanding low‐T energy storage performance (e.g., all values of capacity retention are >75% after 1000 cycles at temperatures from 25 to −25 °C at 0.4 A g−1), and high‐energy/power properties. Such ultralong lifespan signifies that the developed sodium‐ion full battery can be used for longer than 60 years, if batteries charge/discharge once a day and 80% capacity retention is the standard of battery life. As a result, the present study not only promotes the practicability and commercialization of SIBs but also points out the new developing directions of next‐generation energy storage for wider range applications.
Dense Graphene Monolith for High Volumetric Energy Density Li–S Batteries
Authors: Li Huan , Tao Ying , Zhang Chen , Liu Donghai , Luo Jiayan , Fan Weichao , Xu Yue , Li Youzhi , You Conghui , Pan Zheng‐Ze , Ye Mingchun , Chen Zhengyu , Dong Zhang , Wang Da‐Wei , Kang Feiyu , Lu Jun , Yang Quan‐Hong
Published: March 2018

Despite the outstanding gravimetric performance of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, their practical volumetric energy density is normally lower than that of lithium‐ion batteries, mainly due to the low density of nanostructured sulfur as well as the porous carbon hosts. Here, a novel approach is developed to fabricate high‐density graphene bulk materials with “ink‐bottle‐like” mesopores by phosphoric acid (H3PO4) activation. These pores can effectively confine the polysulfides due to their unique structure with a wide body and narrow neck, which shows only a 0.05% capacity fade per cycle for 500 cycles (75% capacity retention) for accommodating polysulfides. With a density of 1.16 g cm−3, a hybrid cathode containing 54 wt% sulfur delivers a high volumetric capacity of 653 mA h cm−3. As a result, a device‐level volumetric energy density as high as 408 W h L−1 is achieved with a cathode thickness of 100 µm. This is a periodic yet practical advance to improve the volumetric performance of Li–S batteries from a device perspective. This work suggests a design principle for the real use Li–S batteries although there is a long way ahead to bridge the gap between Li–S batteries and Li–ion batteries in volumetric performance.
A Robust Approach for Efficient Sodium Storage of GeS2 Hybrid Anode by Electrochemically Driven Amorphization
Authors: Kim Joo‐Hyung , Yun Jong Hyuk , Kim Do Kyung
Published: March 2018

Sodium ion batteries (NIBs) have become attractive promising alternatives to lithium ion batteries in a broad field of future energy storage applications. The development of high‐performance anode materials has become an essential factor and a great challenge toward satisfying the requirements for NIBs, advancement. This work is the first report on GeS2 nanocomposites uniformly distributed on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as promising anode materials for NIBs prepared via a facile hydrothermal synthesis and a unique carbo‐thermal annealing. The results show that the GeS2/rGO hybrid anode yields a high reversible specific capacity of 805 mA h g−1 beyond the theoretical capacity, an excellent rate capability of 616 mA h g−1 at 5 A g−1, and a cycle retention of 89.4% after 100 cycles. A combined ex situ characterization study reveals that the electrochemically driven amorphization plays a key role in achieving efficient sodium storage by accommodating excess sodium ions in the electrode materials. Understanding the sequential conversion‐alloying reaction mechanism for GeS2/rGO hybrid anodes provides a new approach for developing high‐performance energy storage applications.
Suppressing Li Dendrite Formation in Li2S‐P2S5 Solid Electrolyte by LiI Incorporation
Authors: Han Fudong , Yue Jie , Zhu Xiangyang , Wang Chunsheng
Published: March 2018

Solid electrolytes have been considered as a promising approach for Li dendrite prevention because of their high mechanical strength and high Li transference number. However, recent reports indicate that Li dendrites also form in Li2S‐P2S5 based sulfide electrolytes at current densities much lower than that in the conventional liquid electrolytes. The methods of suppressing dendrite formation in sulfide electrolytes have rarely been reported because the mechanism for the “unexpected” dendrite formation is unclear, limiting the successful utilization of high‐energy Li anode with these electrolytes. Herein, the authors demonstrate that the Li dendrite formation in Li2S‐P2S5 glass can be effectively suppressed by tuning the composition of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) at the Li/electrolyte interface through incorporating LiI into the electrolyte. This approach introduces high ionic conductivity but electronic insulation of LiI in the SEI, and more importantly, improves the mobility of Li atoms, promoting the Li depositon at the interface and thus suppresses dendrite growth. It is shown that the critical current density is improved significantly after incorporating LiI into Li2S‐P2S5 glass, reaching 3.90 mA cm−2 at 100 °C after adding 30 mol% LiI. Stable cycling of the Li‐Li cells for 200 h is also achieved at 1.50 mA cm−2 at 100 °C.
Light‐Induced Cyclization of A [c2]Daisy‐Chain Rotaxane to Form a Shrinkable Double‐Lasso Macrocycle
Authors: Rao Si‐Jia , Ye Xu‐Hao , Zhang Qi , Gao Chuan , Wang Wen‐Zhi , Qu Da‐Hui
Published: March 2018

A pH‐responsive double‐lasso macrocycle has been successfully obtained directly from a [c2]daisy chain rotaxane via a photodimerization reaction of two terminal coumarin ligands. The size of the double‐lasso macrocycle could be tuned by acid/base stimuli with the reversible muscle‐like extension/contraction of the [c2]daisy chain unit.
Surface Plasmon Mediated Controllable Spin‐Resolved Transmission in Meta‐Hole Structures
Authors: Xiong Xiaoyu , Zhang Xueqian , Xu Quan , Yang Quanlong , Wang Qiu , Xu Yuehong , Zhang Huifang , Li Yanfeng , Han Jiaguang , Zhang Weili
Published: March 2018

Chiral responses are optical responses involving circular polarizations. Controlling the chiral response in a flexible way is very important in optical manipulations. Chiral metamaterials have thus drawn enormous interest due to their flexible designing feature. However, most of the previous studies are mainly realized by designing the structure of the individual meta‐atom. Meanwhile, to enhance the response, complex design and fabrication processes are typically required. Here, by introducing spin‐dependent propagating surface plasmons and spin‐selective interference, giant spin‐resolved transmission is achieved in a simple meta‐hole structure. In this interaction process, spin‐orbital angular momentum conversion plays an essential role. By controlling the phase difference between the interference components, controllable spin‐resolved transmission is achieved. Furthermore, such method can also be applied to realize spin‐resolved excitation of surface plasmons. The proposed controlling strategy offers a versatile platform for a variety of promising applications, such as polarization control, asymmetric transmission, surface plasmon excitation, and on‐chip chiral manipulation.
Resolution Enhancement of Plasmonic Sensors by Metal‐Insulator‐Metal Structures
Authors: Refki Siham , Hayashi Shinji , Ishitobi Hidekazu , Nesterenko Dmitry V. , Rahmouni Anouar , Inouye Yasushi , Sekkat Zouheir
Published: March 2018

Optical sensors based on surface plasmons have attracted much attention over the past decades owing to the wealth of applications in bio‐ and chemical and gas sensing. In surface plasmon resonance sensors, a single metal layer is commonly used, but its resolution is limited because of broad resonances. In this context, we have developed a sensor chip based on a stack of metals and a dielectric, e.g. a metal‐insulator‐metal structure, consisting of a thick insulator layer sandwiched by metal layers, that exhibits a sharp resonance due to the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons hybrid modes. We have performed both experiments and theoretical simulations to estimate the enhancement of the sensitivity of such a structure. By changing the refractive index of an aqueous solution of glucose on top of the sensor chip, we found that the use of a metal‐insulator‐metal structure improves the figure of merit of the sensor 7.5 times compared to that of a conventional surface plasmon resonance sensor chip.