bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic analysis of midrapidity transverse momentum spectra of identified charged particles in p + p collisions at (snn)1/2 = 2.76, 5.02, and 7 TeV at the LHC
Authors: Olimov Khusniddin K. , Iqbal Akhtar , Masood Samina
Published: September 2020

The experimental transverse momentum spectra of the charged pions and kaons, protons and antiprotons, produced at midrapidity in inelastic [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text], 5.02, and 7 TeV, measured by ALICE collaboration, are analyzed systematically using the thermodynamically consistent Tsallis distribution function as well as Hagedorn function with the embedded transverse flow. To compare directly the results obtained from combined (simultaneous) fits with the above theoretical model functions of midrapidity spectra of the charged pions and kaons, protons and antiprotons in [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text], 5.02, and 7 TeV, we use the optimal identical fitting [Formula: see text] ranges [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text], 5.02, and 7 TeV. The parameter [Formula: see text] increases consistently for all the particle species with increasing [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] collisions from 2.76 to 5.02 TeV, remaining practically constant within fit errors in the collision energy range [Formula: see text] TeV, suggesting probably a saturation and limiting behavior of the [Formula: see text] value in [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV. Approximate equality of the extracted nonextensivity parameter [Formula: see text] for the pions and kaons ([Formula: see text]) and relation [Formula: see text] are obtained in [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text], 5.02, and 7 TeV. Very negligible transverse (radial) flow velocity (consistent with zero value within the fit errors) is obtained in [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text], 5.02, and 7 TeV from fitting the [Formula: see text] distributions of the charged pions and kaons, protons and antiprotons with the Hagedorn formula with the embedded transverse flow in the selected optimal identical [Formula: see text] ranges as well as in the full measured [Formula: see text] ranges.
BH solutions with toroidal horizon in dilaton gravity inspired by power-law electrodynamics: PV criticality and quasinormal modes
Authors: Younesizadeh Younes , Ahmed Ali Hassan , Ahmad Amir A. , Younesizadeh Feyzollah , Ebrahimkhas Morad
Published: September 2020

In this work, a new class of black hole solutions in dilaton gravity has been obtained where the dilaton field is coupled with nonlinear Maxwell invariant as a source. The background space–time in this works is considered as the [Formula: see text]-dimensional toroidal metric. In the presence of the dilaton field (for some unique values of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text] a ), the electric field increases as we got farther away from the origin. In the absence of the dilaton field [Formula: see text], the electric field always decreases as one goes farther away from the origin. In the thermodynamical analysis, we obtain the Smarr formula for our solution. We find that the presence of the dilaton field makes the solutions to be locally stable near the origin. Also, this field vanishes the global stability near the origin compared to the no dilaton field case [Formula: see text]. We can say that the dilaton field has a crucial impact on the thermodynamical stability and it is a key factor in stability analysis. We study the quasinormal modes (QNMs) of black hole solutions in dilaton gravity. For this purpose, we use the WKB approximation method upto first order corrections. We have shown the perturbations decay in corresponding diagrams when the dilaton parameter [Formula: see text] and coupling constant [Formula: see text] change. Motivated by the thermodynamical analogy of black holes and Van der Waals liquid/gas systems, in this work, we investigate PV criticality of the obtained solution. We extend the phase space by considering the cosmological constant as thermodynamic pressure. We obtain the equation of state (EOS) and plot the relevant PV [Formula: see text] diagrams. We also present a class of interior solutions corresponding to the exterior solution in dilaton gravity. The solution which is obtained for a linear equation of state is regular and well-behaved at the stellar interior.

a Dilaton field representation.
COMPARISON OF INTRA-ARTICULAR APPLICATION OF POLYDEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID AND HYALURONIC ACID IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED OSTEOARTHRITIS IN RATS
Authors: Karahan Nazım , Arslan Ilyas , Oztermeli Ahmet , Orak Mehmet Mufit , Midi Ahmet , Alp Yücel Istemi Irsadi
Published: September 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to histopathologically compare the results of the administration of intra-articular PDRN and HA injections in experimentally induced OA in rats. Methods: Osteoarthritis of the knee joints was induced in a total of 30 rats. Rats were randomly divided into three groups; polydeoxyribonucleic (PDRN) acid group, hyaluronic acid (HA) group, and saline group. The PDRN group was injected with 12 mg/0.05 ccPDRN acid. The HA group was injected with 12 mg/0.05 ccHA, whereas the saline group was injected with 50 [Formula: see text]l (0.05 cc) of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. All rats were sacrificed on postinjection day 29, and the right knee joints were prepared and evaluated histologically using the Mankin scoring system. Results: Total Mankin scores showed a significant difference among all groups ([Formula: see text] = 0.001). According to bilateral comparisons performed to identify the group that showed a difference, the total Mankin scores of the PDRN acid and HA groups were found to be significantly lower than those of the saline group. In PDRN acid group, tidemark continuity wasobserved in all specimen. Conclusion: Intra-articular injections of PDRN acid resulted in greater chondroprotective effects and less degeneration than those of HA and saline in experimentally induced OA of the knee joints in rats.
One Health—the Key to Preventing COVID-19 from Becoming the New Normal
Authors: Deem Sharon L. , Brenn-White Maris
Published: September 2020

While we experience the most significant zoonotic pandemic in 100 years, we would do well to consider how we arrived at this historic moment and how we will prevent the next pandemic. In this commentary, we explore the human drivers of emerging infectious diseases and contend that a One Health approach—in which multiple disciplines work together to ensure the health of environments, humans, and non-human animals—is imperative to get through this pandemic and to prevent future ones.
A Waste-Efficient Algorithm for Single-Droplet Sample Preparation on Microfluidic Chips
Authors: Gonzalez Miguel Coviello , Chrobak Marek
Published: September 2020

We address the problem of designing micro-fluidic chips for sample preparation, which is a crucial step in many experimental processes in chemical and biological sciences. One of the objectives of sample preparation is to dilute the sample fluid, called reactant, using another fluid called buffer, to produce desired volumes of fluid with prespecified reactant concentrations. In the model we adopt, these fluids are manipulated in discrete volumes called droplets. The dilution process is represented by a
mixing graph
whose nodes represent 1-1 micro-mixers and edges represent channels for transporting fluids. In this work, we focus on designing such mixing graphs when the given sample (also referred to as the
target
) consists of a single-droplet, and the objective is to minimize total fluid waste. Our main contribution is an efficient algorithm called RPRIS that guarantees a better provable worst-case bound on waste and significantly outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms in experimental comparison.
Better Process Mapping and Sparse Quadratic Assignment
Authors: Kirchbach Konrad Von , Schulz Christian , Träff Jesper Larsson
Published: September 2020

Communication and topology-aware process mapping is a powerful approach to reduce communication time in parallel applications with known communication patterns on large, distributed memory systems. We address the problem as a quadratic assignment problem (QAP) and present algorithms to construct initial mappings of processes to processors and fast local search algorithms to further improve the mappings. By exploiting assumptions that typically hold for applications and modern supercomputer systems such as sparse communication patterns and hierarchically organized communication systems, we obtain significantly more powerful algorithms for these special QAPs. Our multilevel construction algorithms employ perfectly balanced graph partitioning techniques and exploit the given communication system hierarchy in significant ways. We present improvements to a local search algorithm of Brandfass et al. (2013) and further decrease the running time by reducing the time needed to perform swaps in the assignment as well as by carefully constraining local search neighborhoods. We also investigate different algorithms to create the communication graph that is mapped onto the processor network. Experiments indicate that our algorithms not only dramatically speed up local search but also, due to the multilevel approach, find much better solutions in practice.
Urban Scale Trade Area Characterization for Commercial Districts with Cellular Footprints
Authors: Zhao Yi , Zhou Zimu , Xu Wang , Liu Tongtong , Yang Zheng
Published: September 2020

Understanding customer mobility patterns to commercial districts is crucial for urban planning, facility management, and business strategies. Trade areas are a widely applied measure to quantify where the visitors are from. Traditional trade area analysis is limited to small-scale or store-level studies, because information such as visits to competitor commercial entities and place of residence is collected by labour-intensive questionnaires or heavily biased location-based social media data. In this article, we propose CellTradeMap, a novel district-level trade area analysis framework using mobile flow records (MFRs), a type of fine-grained cellular network data. We show that compared to traditional cellular data and social network check-in data, MFRs can model customer mobility patterns comprehensively at urban scale. CellTradeMap extracts robust location information from the irregularly sampled, noisy MFRs, adapts the generic trade area analysis framework to incorporate cellular data, and enhances the original trade area model with cellular-based features. We evaluate CellTradeMap on two large-scale cellular network datasets covering 3.5 million and 1.8 million mobile phone users in two metropolis in China, respectively. Experimental results show that the trade areas extracted by CellTradeMap are aligned with domain knowledge and CellTradeMap can model trade areas with a high predictive accuracy.
DisGCo
Authors: Rajendran Anchu , Nandivada V. Krishna
Published: September 2020

Graph algorithms are widely used in various applications. Their programmability and performance have garnered a lot of interest among the researchers. Being able to run these graph analytics programs on distributed systems is an important requirement. Green-Marl is a popular Domain Specific Language (DSL) for coding graph algorithms and is known for its simplicity. However, the existing Green-Marl compiler for distributed systems (Green-Marl to Pregel) can only compile limited types of Green-Marl programs (in Pregel canonical form). This severely restricts the types of parallel Green-Marl programs that can be executed on distributed systems. We present
DisGCo
, the first compiler to translate any general Green-Marl program to equivalent MPI program that can run on distributed systems.

Translating Green-Marl programs to MPI (SPMD/MPMD style of computation, distributed memory) presents many other exciting challenges, besides the issues related to differences in syntax, as Green-Marl gives the programmer a unified view of the whole memory and allows the parallel and serial code to be inter-mixed. We first present the set of challenges involved in translating Green-Marl programs to MPI and then present a systematic approach to do the translation. We also present a few optimization techniques to improve the performance of our generated programs.
DisGCo
is the first graph DSL compiler that can handle all syntactic capabilities of a practical graph DSL like Green-Marl and generate code that can run on distributed systems. Our preliminary evaluation of
DisGCo
shows that our generated programs are scalable. Further, compared to the state-of-the-art DH-Falcon compiler that translates a subset of Falcon programs to MPI, our generated codes exhibit a geomean speedup of 17.32×.
Dynamic Path-decomposed Tries
Authors: Kanda Shunsuke , Köppl Dominik , Tabei Yasuo , Morita Kazuhiro , Fuketa Masao
Published: September 2020

A keyword dictionary is an associative array whose keys are strings. Recent applications handling massive keyword dictionaries in main memory have a need for a space-efficient implementation. When limited to static applications, there are a number of highly compressed keyword dictionaries based on the advancements of practical succinct data structures. However, as most succinct data structures are only efficient in the static case, it is still difficult to implement a keyword dictionary that is
space efficient
and
dynamic
. In this article, we propose such a keyword dictionary. Our main idea is to embrace the path decomposition technique, which was proposed for constructing cache-friendly tries. To store the path-decomposed trie in small memory, we design data structures based on recent compact hash trie representations. Experiments on real-world datasets reveal that our dynamic keyword dictionary needs up to 68% less space than the existing smallest ones, while achieving a relevant space-time tradeoff.
Chief Executive Officer Succession and Board Decision Making: Review and Suggestions for Advancing Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Human Resources Management, and Organizational Behavior Research
Authors: Nyberg Anthony J. , Cragun Ormonde R. , Schepker Donald J.
Published: September 2020

We conduct a comprehensive review of the chief executive officer (CEO) succession literature and update a CEO succession typology that incorporated manuscripts published through 2014. Our review illustrates that most of our understanding of succession and related processes stems from research based primarily in macro research traditions. We highlight ways that scholars can develop deeper understandings of CEO successionprocesses by capitalizing on knowledge and practices that are visible from more micro lenses such as industrial and organizational (IO) psychology, human resources (HR), and organizational behavior (OB). Specifically, we advocate applying lessons about recruitment, training, fit, culture, selection, turnover, human capital resources, and decision making from IO psychology, HR, and OB research to extend our understanding about CEO succession and board decision making.
Regulation of Na/K-ATPase expression by cholesterol: isoform specificity and the molecular mechanism
Authors: Zhang Jue , Li Xin , Yu Hui , Larre Isabel , Dube Prabhatchandra R. , Kennedy David J. , Tang W. H. Wilson , Westfall Kristen , Pierre Sandrine V. , Xie Zijian , Chen Yiliang
Published: September 2020

We have reported that the reduction in plasma membrane cholesterol could decrease cellular Na/K-ATPase α1-expression through a Src-dependent pathway. However, it is unclear whether cholesterol could regulate other Na/K-ATPase α-isoforms and the molecular mechanisms of this regulation are not fully understood. Here we used cells expressing different Na/K-ATPase α isoforms and found that membrane cholesterol reduction by U18666A decreased expression of the α1-isoform but not the α2- or α3-isoform. Imaging analyses showed the cellular redistribution of α1 and α3 but not α2. Moreover, U18666A led to redistribution of α1 to late endosomes/lysosomes, while the proteasome inhibitor blocked α1-reduction by U18666A. These results suggest that the regulation of the Na/K-ATPase α-subunit by cholesterol is isoform specific and α1 is unique in this regulation through the endocytosis-proteasome pathway. Mechanistically, loss-of-Src binding mutation of A425P in α1 lost its capacity for regulation by cholesterol. Meanwhile, gain-of-Src binding mutations in α2 partially restored the regulation. Furthermore, through studies in caveolin-1 knockdown cells, as well as subcellular distribution studies in cell lines with different α-isoforms, we found that Na/K-ATPase, Src, and caveolin-1 worked together for the cholesterol regulation. Taken together, these new findings reveal that the putative Src-binding domain and the intact Na/K-ATPase/Src/caveolin-1 complex are indispensable for the isoform-specific regulation of Na/K-ATPase by cholesterol.
Super-relaxed state of myosin in human skeletal muscle is fiber-type dependent
Authors: Phung Lien A. , Foster Aurora D. , Miller Mark S. , Lowe Dawn A. , Thomas David D.
Published: September 2020

The myosin super-relaxed state (SRX) in skeletal muscle is hypothesized to play an important role in regulating muscle contractility and thermogenesis in humans but has only been examined in model organisms. Here we report the first human skeletal muscle SRX measurements, using quantitative epifluorescence microscopy of fluorescent 2′/3′- O-( N-methylanthraniloyl) ATP (mantATP) single-nucleotide turnover. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform expression was determined using gel electrophoresis for each permeabilized vastus lateralis fiber, to allow for novel comparisons of SRX between fiber types. We find that the fraction of myosin in SRX is less in MHC IIA fibers than in MHC I and IIAX fibers ( P = 0.008). ATP turnover of SRX is faster in MHC IIAX fibers compared with MHC I and IIA fibers ( P = 0.001). We conclude that SRX biochemistry is measurable in human skeletal muscle, and our data indicate that SRX depends on fiber type as classified by MHC isoform. Extension from this preliminary work would provide further understanding regarding the role of SRX in human muscle physiology.
Bacterial extracellular vesicles isolated from organic dust induce neutrophilic inflammation in the lung
Authors: Meganathan Velmurugan , Moyana Regina , Natarajan Kartiga , Kujur Weshely , Kusampudi Shilpa , Mulik Sachin , Boggaram Vijay
Published: September 2020

Inhalation of organic dust is an occupational hazard leading to the development of respiratory symptoms and respiratory diseases. Bioaerosols from concentrated animal feeding operations are rich in bacteria and could carry bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) that could induce lung inflammation. It is not known if organic dust contains bacterial EVs and whether they modulate lung inflammation. Herein, we show that poultry organic dust contains bacterial EVs (dust EVs) that induce lung inflammation. Treatment of airway epithelial cells, THP-1-monocytes and -macrophages with dust EVs rapidly induced IL-8, IL-6, ICAM-1, proIL-1β, and TNF-α levels. In airway epithelial cells, induction of inflammatory mediators was due to increased mRNA levels and NF-κB activation. Induction of inflammatory mediators by dust EVs was not inhibited by polymyxin B. Single and repeated treatments of mice with dust EVs increased lung KC, IL-6, and TNF-α levels without significantly altering IL-17A levels. Increases in cytokines were associated with enhanced neutrophil infiltration into the lung. Repeated treatments of mice with dust EVs increased lung mean linear intercept and increased collagen deposition around airways indicating lung remodeling. Peribronchial cell infiltrates and airway epithelial thickening were also observed in treated mice. Because bacterial EVs are nanometer-sized particles, they can reach and accumulate in the bronchiolar and alveolar regions causing lung injury leading to the development of respiratory diseases. Our studies have provided new evidence for the presence of bacterial EVs in organic dust and for their role as one of the causative agents of organic dust-induced lung inflammation and lung injury.
The effect of instruction on motor skill learning
Authors: Popp Nicola J. , Yokoi Atsushi , Gribble Paul L. , Diedrichsen Jörn
Published: September 2020

Instructions often break down motor sequences into smaller parts, such that they can be more easily remembered. Here, we show that different ways of breaking down a finger sequence can subsequently lead to better or worse performance. The initial instruction still influenced the temporal performance pattern after 10 days of practice. The results demonstrate that the initial cognitive representation of a motor skill strongly influences how a skill is learned and performed.
Early stages of sensorimotor map acquisition: neurochemical signature in primary motor cortex and its relation to functional connectivity
Authors: van Vugt F. T. , Near J. , Hennessy T. , Doyon J. , Ostry D. J.
Published: September 2020

Learning the mapping between movements and their sensory effects is a necessary step in the early stages of sensorimotor learning. There is evidence showing which brain areas are involved in early motor learning, but their role remains uncertain. Here, we show that GABA, a neurotransmitter linked to inhibitory processing, rises during and after learning and is involved in ongoing changes in resting-state networks.
Functional connectivity during smooth pursuit eye movements
Authors: Schröder Rebekka , Kasparbauer Anna-Maria , Meyhöfer Inga , Steffens Maria , Trautner Peter , Ettinger Ulrich
Published: September 2020

This study provides a comprehensive investigation of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional connectivity during smooth pursuit eye movements. Results from a large sample of healthy participants suggest that key oculomotor regions interact closely with each other but also with regions not primarily associated with eye movements. Understanding functional connectivity during smooth pursuit is important, given its potential role as an endophenotype of psychoses.
Online control of reach accuracy in mice
Authors: Becker Matthew I. , Calame Dylan J. , Wrobel Julia , Person Abigail L.
Published: September 2020

Mice use reaching movements to grasp and manipulate objects in their environment, similar to primates. To better establish mouse reach as a model for motor control, we implement several analytical frameworks, from basic kinematic relationships to statistical machine learning, to quantify mouse reach, finding many canonical features of primate reaches are conserved in mice, as well as evidence for midflight course corrections, expanding the utility of mouse reach paradigms for motor control studies.
Motor training strengthens corticospinal suppression during movement preparation
Authors: Vassiliadis Pierre , Derosiere Gerard , Grandjean Julien , Duque Julie
Published: September 2020

Movement preparation involves a broad suppression in the excitability of the corticospinal pathway, a phenomenon called preparatory suppression. Here, we show that motor training strengthens preparatory suppression and that this strengthening is associated with faster reaction times. Our findings highlight a key role of preparatory suppression in training-driven behavioral improvements.
The effect of hypergravity on upright balance and voluntary sway
Authors: Bakshi Avijit , DiZio Paul , Lackner James R.
Published: September 2020

A nonparallel leg model of balance, the engaged leg model (ELM), was previously developed to characterize adaptive balance control in a rotating environment. Here we show the ELM also explains sway in hypergravity. It predicts the changes in balance control parameters with changes in gravity. ELM is currently the only balance model applicable to artificial and hypergravity conditions. ELM can also be applied to terrestrial clinical situations for pathologies that generate postural asymmetries.
Risk Factors of Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (PNETs)
Authors: Wang Zhe , Cao Feng , Zhang Yupeng , Fang Yu , Li Fei , Pilone Vincenzo
Published: September 2020

Background. The prognostic value of lymph node metastasis in patients with PNETs is controversial. Understanding the effect of lymph node metastasis on prognosis in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is helpful for surgery and follow-up. The purposes of this study are to identify predictors of lymph node metastasis among patients with PNETs and determine its prognostic associations. Methods. A retrospective analysis of the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database was performed. Patients with PNETs that underwent surgery and pathologic nodal staging were identified. Logistic regression and Cox regression were performed to identify independent predictors and prognostic factors, respectively. Results. Of 1956 patients (age:

56.8
±
13.4

years, 53.3% males), 748 (38.2%) had lymph node metastasis. On multivariable analysis, tumor located in pancreas head, distant metastasis, and poorly differentiated, undifferentiated, and unknown differentiated histology grades were three independent risk factors of lymph node metastasis. In the entire cohort, lymph node metastasis indicated a worse overall survival (HR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.17-1.88,

p
<
0.001

) and disease-specific survival (HR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.41-2.48,

p
<
0.001

) on multivariable analysis. Lymph node metastasis was associated with worse overall (HR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.08-1.93,

p
=
0.012

) and disease-specific survival (HR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.48-3.05,

p
<
0.001

) in patients without distant metastasis on multivariate analysis. Lymph node metastasis was also independently associated with worse disease-specific survival among patients in well differentiation (HR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.35-3.46,

p
=
0.001

) and moderately differentiation (HR: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.28-5.56,

p
=
0.009

) groups on multivariate analysis. Conclusions. Tumor located in pancreas head, distant metastasis, and poorly differentiated, undifferentiated, and unknown differentiated histology grades were three independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis. Lymph node metastasis was an independent prognostic factor of worse OS and DSS in patients with tumor located in pancreas head. Lymph node metastasis was an independent prognostic factor of worse OS and DSS in patients without distant metastasis. Lymph node metastasis was an independent prognostic factor of worse DSS in well differentiation and moderately differentiation groups.
Numerical Simulation of Gravity Anomaly Based on the Unstructured Element Grid and Finite Element Method
Authors: Xu Chenyang , Huo Zhijun , Giunta Gaetano
Published: September 2020

Finite element method is an important method to solve mathematical problems in engineering. Many mathematical equations are difficult to solve, but it becomes very simple after using the finite element method. In this paper, the finite element method is applied to the calculation of gravity anomaly. First, the variational equation of gravity anomaly calculation is established, and then the gravity anomaly value ten times the distance away from the anomaly body is used as the boundary condition. By comparing the gravity anomaly obtained by solving the stiffness matrix with the analytical solution, it can be found that the method in this paper has high accuracy. Finally, the model of Jinchuan copper nickel deposit is used for calculation, and the calculated gravity anomaly field is inverted with Growth3D. It can be found that the inversion result is very close to the model, which verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm in this paper.
Stiffness and Crack Behavior of Unbonded Posttensioned Concrete Beam Strengthened with Aluminum Alloy Plate
Authors: Chang Hong , Zhou Wei
Published: September 2020

Corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy plates externally bonded by magnesium phosphate cement provides the ability to strengthen inshore infrastructures in harsh environments subject to moisture and humidity. In this study, the aim is to study the stiffness and cracking behavior of concrete beams using this strengthening technique. Six damaged unbonded posttensioned concrete beams were repaired and strengthened and then subjected to monotonic load until failure. This technique improved the stiffness and limited the development of cracks. The formula of elastic‐plastic stiffness coefficient related to the comprehensive reinforcement index was established. An influence coefficient δ considering the effect of aluminum alloy plates and unbonded tendons was introduced, and the crack expansion coefficient under short‐term load was obtained by statistical analysis. Finally, some simplified methods were proposed to evaluate the stiffness and cracks of unbonded posttensioned concrete beams strengthened with aluminum alloy plates.
Real-Life Diagnostic Accuracy of MRI in Prenatal Diagnosis
Authors: Recio Rodríguez Manuel , Andreu-Vázquez Cristina , Thuissard-Vasallo Israel J. , Cano Alonso Raquel , Bermejo López Carmina , Tamarit Degenhardt Ines , Martínez Ten Pilar , Costa André Luiz Ferreira
Published: September 2020

There is some controversy about the value of fetal MRI in prenatal diagnosis, and most of the studies examine its accuracy in central nervous system (CNS) pathology. The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy and usefulness of fetal MRI in the prenatal diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) pathology and non-CNS pathology. Patients referred to the Radiology Department between 2007 and 2018 for a fetal MRI after detection of an anomaly in the fetal ultrasound, a high-risk pregnancy, or an inconclusive fetal ultrasound (n = 623) were included in the study. Postnatal diagnosis was used to assess the diagnostic accuracy of MRI. Fetal MRI was considered to provide additional information over fetal ultrasound when findings of the fetal MRI were not detected in the fetal ultrasound or when established a pathological condition that was not detected in the fetal ultrasound. Fetal MRI provided useful information for the perinatal management and prognosis over fetal ultrasound when findings of the fetal MRI changed the postnatal prognosis, leaded to the decision to legally terminate the pregnancy, changed prenatal or postnatal follow-up, or helped in the planning of prenatal or postnatal treatment. Fetal MRI offered an accurate diagnosis in 97% of cases (compared to 90.4% of fetal ultrasound;

p
<
0.001

). Concordance between fetal ultrasound and fetal MRI was 92.1%. Fetal MRI provided additional information over fetal ultrasound in 23.1% of cases. In 11.6% of cases, the information was useful for the perinatal management and prognosis. In 45 cases (7.2%), fetal MRI was the only accurate diagnosis. In conclusion, fetal MRI has a superior diagnostic accuracy, especially in CNS pathology, and provides additional useful information in CNS, thoracic, and abdominal pathology.
Development and Application of an Ultrahigh‐Temperature Steam Generator
Authors: Liu Song , Wei Yaping , Chen Shiqiang , Qin Liu
Published: September 2020

A device which could produce high‐temperature steam quickly was designed. The overall structure of the heating device and the heating pipe of key components were introduced mainly, and the working process of the heating device was analyzed and discussed. This high‐temperature steam device with high heating efficiency, produces steam fast and could realize precise temperature control. This device could expand application research of polymer materials and composite materials and provide key guide parameters in the process of technical research.
Performance of Waterborne Epoxy Emulsion Sand Fog Seal as a Preventive Pavement Maintenance Method: From Laboratory to Field
Authors: Hu Chichun , Li Rui , Zhao Jianying , Leng Zhen , Lin Wanwei
Published: September 2020

To preserve the existing asphalt pavement and extend its service life, various preventive maintenance methods, such as chip seal, slurry seal, fog seal, and microsurfacing, have been commonly applied. Sand fog seal is one of such maintenance methods, which is based on the application of bitumen emulsion and sand. Thus, its performance is largely dependent on the properties of the bitumen emulsion and sand. This study aims to develop an improved sand fog seal method by using waterborne epoxy resin as an emulsion modifier. To this end, both laboratory tests and field trials were conducted. In the laboratory, the wet track abrasion and British pendulum test were performed to determine the optimum sand size for the sand fog seal, and the rubbing test was carried out to evaluate the wearing resistance of the sealing material. In the field, pavement surface regularity before and after the sand fog seal application was measured using the 3 m straightedge method, and the surface macrotexture and skid resistance were evaluated with the sand patch method and British pendulum test, respectively. The laboratory test results indicated that the optimum sand size range is 0.45–0.9 mm, and the sand fog seal with waterborne epoxy resin showed good wearing resistance and skid resistance. The field test results verified that both the pavement texture and skid resistance were substantially improved after sand fog sealing.
Evaluating Long‐Term Strength and Time to Failure of Sandstone with Different Initial Damage
Authors: Hou Rongbin , Shi Yanke , Xu Leige , Fu Jinwei , Zhang Kai
Published: September 2020

Long‐term strength (LTS) of rock materials is important for the long‐term stability analysis and the failure prediction of structures in rock engineering. Numerous studies have been carried out on the LTS for various kinds of rock; however, the effects of initial damage on the LTS and creep failure time of rock have not been conducted. In the present study, the creep experiment with controllable initial damage state of rock was designed. Then, the LTS of rock specimens with different initial damage was determined by four methods (i.e., the isochronous stress‐strain curve method, the steady creep discriminated method, the volumetric strain inflexion point determined method, and the intersection of the steady creep rate method). The results show that, with the increase in the initial damage, the LTS of rock decreases and the relationship between the initial damage and the LTS of rock can be described as a linear function. Finally, an evaluation method for predicting the creep failure time of rock under a single stress level was proposed. In addition, the creep failure time of rock with different initial damage under different creep stress levels was obtained by the method. The results indicate that both the initial damage and the creep stress levels have a great influence on creep failure time, i.e., greater initial damage or creep stress leads to a shorter period for rock failure. Thus, for analyzing the long‐term stability of rock mass structure, not only the influence of in situ stress but also the initial damage state of the surrounding rock should be considered.
Application of Bamboo Plants in Nine Aspects
Authors: Emamverdian Abolghassem , Ding Yulong , Ranaei Fatemeh , Ahmad Zishan
Published: September 2020

Bamboo forests are undoubtedly one of the most abundant nontimber plants on Earth and cover a wide area of tropical and subtropical regions around the world. This amazing plant has unique rapid growth and can play an important role in protecting our planet from pollution and improving the soil. Bamboo can be used as a biofuel, food, and for architecture and construction applications and plays a large role in the local economy by creating job opportunities. The aim of this paper is to review the extraordinary tropical plant bamboo by explaining the mechanisms related to the growth and strength of bamboo and identifying ways to utilize bamboo in industry, employment, climate change mitigation, and soil erosion reduction.
Coexistence of Substance Abuse among Emergency Department Patients Presenting with Suicidal Ideation
Authors: Tadros Allison , Sharon Melinda , Crum Michael , Johnson Ryan , Quedado Kimberly , Fang Wei
Published: September 2020

Background. Patients who are suicidal commonly seek care in the emergency department (ED). Few studies have examined the coexistence between suicidal ideation, substance abuse, and psychiatric diagnosis. Objectives. This study sought to determine how often suicidal ED patients have coexisting substance abuse and psychiatric diagnosis in addition to describing the characteristics of target population. Methods. In this retrospective cohort study, chart reviews were conducted of patients over 12 with suicidal ideation who presented to an academic ED from October 2016 to March 2017. Data abstracted included gender, age, insurance, prior psychiatric diagnoses, substances abused, presence of a suicide attempt, prior suicidality, number of ED visits in the prior year, and disposition. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated. Results. There were 427 patient visits to the ED for suicidality during the study period, of which 54% were male, with a mean age of 34 years. Most patients (92%) had a psychiatric diagnosis, most commonly depression (67%). More than one psychiatric diagnosis was reported in 51% of patients, while 8% had no reported underlying psychiatric diagnosis. Substance abuse was reported in 58% of patients, including marijuana (42%) and opioids (41%). Polysubstance abuse was reported in 42%. Approximately half of the patients had three or more ED visits in the previous 12 months. Most patients were insured by Medicaid (51%), while 59% were admitted for inpatient treatment. Conclusion. Substance abuse and psychiatric diagnosis were reported frequently among patients presenting to the ED with suicidal ideation, often involving more than one substance/diagnosis. Future studies should be aimed at evaluating the relationship between these conditions and determining how to better care for this population.
Numerical and Computer Simulations of Cross-Flow in the Streamwise Direction through a Moving Surface Comprising the Significant Impacts of Viscous Dissipation and Magnetic Fields: Stability Analysis and Dual Solutions
Authors: Chu Yu-Ming , Khan Umair , Zaib A. , Shah S. H. A. M. , Marin Marin
Published: September 2020

The inspiration for this study is to explore the crucial impact of viscous dissipation (VISD) on magneto flow through a cross or secondary flow (CRF) in the way of streamwise. Utilizing the pertinent similarity method, the primary partial differential equations (PDEs) are changed into a highly nonlinear dimensional form of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). These dimensionless forms of ODEs are executed numerically by the aid of bvp4c solver. The impact of pertinent parameters such as the suction parameter, magnetic parameter, moving parameter, and viscous dissipation parameter is discussed with the help of plots. Dual solutions are obtained for certain values of a moving parameter. The velocities in the direction of streamwise, as well as cross-flow, decline in the upper branch solution, while the contrary impact is seen in the lower branch solution. However, the influence of suction on the velocities in both directions uplifts in the upper branch solution and shrinks in the lower branch solution. The analysis is also performed in terms of stability to inspect which solution is stable or unstable, and it is observed that the lower branch solution is unstable, whereas the upper branch one is stable.
Adherence to Isoniazid Preventive Therapy among Under-Five Children in Contact with Adult Bacteriologically Confirmed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients: A Mixed-Method Study
Authors: Seid Getachew , Tsedalu Tsegaye , Ayele Marta , Khamesipour Faham
Published: September 2020

Background. The World Health Organization recommends that all children below the age of five who have household contact with an infectious tuberculosis case should receive isoniazid preventive treatment for at least six months after the active tuberculosis disease has been ruled out. This research aims to determine the adherence of children, eligible for isoniazid preventive treatment, to the treatment who had contact with pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Methods. A mixed study design was used to prospectively assess the adherence to IPT among children under the age of 5 in contact with pulmonary TB patients through the quantitative study design and barriers of adherence in view of health care professionals and the family of children through a descriptive qualitative study. The study was conducted from July 2019 to December 2019 in Addis Ababa. Data were collected by a structured datasheet from the selected health center registration book. Data were entered into Epi Data software and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistical methods were used to summarize the sociodemographic characteristics of the study participants. Result. The ratio of the total number of pulmonary tuberculosis index cases recruited into the study to the number of child contacts aged less than 5 years was 1 : 1.32. The total isoniazid preventive treatment uptake in this study was 75.2%; one-fifth (21.3%) of the children who started IPT did not complete the full course of six-month isoniazid preventive treatment. Except for HIV not to be tested (

P
<
0.001

), there was no significant association of the listed risk factors in default to complete the full six months of preventive treatment. Conclusion. Enrolment of eligible children for isoniazid preventive treatment in the urban city Addis Ababa was still below the target of the World Health Organization End tuberculosis strategy by 2030. The treatment adherence rate also needs a great deal of effort to achieve the strategy. Child default after the first visit indicates a lack of understanding about the benefit and safety of preventive therapy in young children among families of TB patients, and awareness-creating efforts by health extension workers will help to improve the outcomes.
Improving the Interfacial Bond Properties of the Carbon Fiber Coated with a Nano‐SiO2 Particle in a Cement Paste Matrix
Authors: Heo Gwang-Hee , Park Jong-Gun , Song Ki-Chang , Park Jong-Ho , Jun Hyung-Min
Published: September 2020

To improve the interfacial bond properties of the carbon fiber coated with a nano‐SiO2 particle in a cement paste matrix, the present study proposed a method of coating nano‐SiO2 particles on the surface of the carbon fiber by the chemical reaction of a silane coupling agent (glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, GPTMS) and colloidal nano‐SiO2 sol in an alkaline environment. To verify whether a nano‐SiO2 particle was effectively modified on the surface of the carbon fiber, the surface morphology, chemical composition, and chemical structure were characterized and analyzed by several techniques such as the scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy‐dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). Nano‐SiO2 particles were entirely covered and uniformly distributed on the surface of the carbon fiber, resulting in the formation of a thin layer of nano‐SiO2 particles. A thin layer of nano‐SiO2 particles reacted with Ca(OH)2 to form a calcium‐silicate‐hydrate (C‐S‐H) gel, which is most helpful to increase the form between the fiber and the matrix. In addition, a pull‐out test of the tow carbon fibers was performed to verify the effect of the new surface modification method on the interfacial bond properties of the carbon fiber embedded in the cement paste matrix. The experimental results showed that the frictional bond strength of the carbon fiber coated with a nano‐SiO2 particle was significantly increased compared to the plain carbon fiber. These results were expected to improve the interfacial bonding force of hardened cement paste from the formation of the C‐S‐H gel produced through the chemical reaction of nano‐SiO2 particles coated on the surface of the carbon fiber with Ca(OH)2. In particular, it was confirmed that the carbon fiber‐reinforced cement paste (CFRCP) specimens coated with a nano‐SiO2 particle and silica fume which replaced 10 wt.% of cement by mass showed the highest pull‐out resistance performance at 28 days of age. The new surface modification method developed in this study can be very beneficial and helpful in improving the interfacial bond properties of CFRCP.
A Case of Cytomegalovirus-Induced Oral Ulcer in an Older Adult Patient with Nephrotic Syndrome due to Membranous Nephropathy
Authors: Sato Shinichi , Takahashi Masato , Takahashi Tetsu , Asaumi Junichi
Published: September 2020

We report a case of cytomegalovirus- (CMV-) induced buccal ulcer in a patient with nephrotic syndrome. An 82-year-old man with membranous nephropathy was on immunosuppressive therapy presented with an ulcer in the oral cavity and was hospitalized. Intraoral examination revealed an inflamed and painful ulcer on the left buccal mucosa. Blood test results showed CMV positivity, and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis. Anti-CMV therapy (ganciclovir) was initiated from the third day of hospitalization. However, he developed dyspnea on the 14th day. Computed tomography images of the chest revealed the presence of ground-glass opacities, and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation was initiated under the provisional diagnosis of pneumocystis pneumonia caused by ganciclovir-associated myelosuppression and/or steroid-induced immunocompromised state. The patient died of pneumocystis pneumonia on the 21st day. The patient had received immunosuppressive therapy for renal dysfunction. Immunocompromised patients with CMV infection should be treated with caution, as drugs for CMV may themselves cause myelosuppression, deteriorating the prognosis of the patient.
Fluid Inclusions Record Hydrocarbon Charge History in the Shunbei Area, Tarim Basin, NW China
Authors: Lu Ziye , Li Yingtao , Ye Ning , Zhang Shaonan , Lu Chaojin , Li Wei , Cheng Zhe , Ding Xiaoqi , Zhu Bei , Huang Baiwen , Chen Shengnan Nancy
Published: September 2020

The exploration of deeply buried hydrocarbon is still a challenge for the petroleum geology. The Shunbei area is a newly discovered oil fields, located in the center of the Tarim Basin. The oil is mainly yielded from the Middle–Lower Ordovician carbonate reservoirs with

depth
>
7000

 m in the Shunbei No. 1 and No. 5 fault zones. Calcite cements filled in vugs (v-calcite) and fractures (f-calcite) are identified in limestones and dolostones of the carbonate reservoirs. F-calcites in the Shunbei No. 1 fault zone trap secondary inclusions in trails, which comprise liquid-dominated biphase aqueous inclusions, liquid-dominated biphase oil inclusions, and/or oil-bearing triphase inclusions. F-calcite and v-calcite in the No. 5 fault zone trap secondary inclusions in trails, which consist of liquid-only monophase aqueous inclusions, liquid-dominated biphase aqueous inclusions, liquid-dominated biphase oil inclusions, liquid-only monophase oil inclusions, and/or oil-bearing triphase inclusions. The ranges of the homogenization temperature (

T

h

) and ice-melting temperature (

T

m
−
ice

) in the Shunbei No. 1 fault zone are, respectively, 130–150°C and -2.1–-1.5°C. The coexistence of liquid-only and liquid-dominated aqueous inclusions in the Shunbei No. 5 fault zone indicates that the aqueous inclusions are trapped at low temperatures. The aqueous inclusions in the Shunbei No. 5 fault zone show a range from -0.4 to -0.2°C in

T

m
−
ice

which is very close to the meteoric fluid. In the context of the burial-thermal history and the Cambrian source rock evolution, the charging process of hydrocarbon in the Shunbei No. 1 and No. 5 fault zones corresponds to the Silurian and Middle Ordovician, respectively. Results of fluid inclusions indicate a tightly coupling relationship between the hydrocarbon charging process and fault system evolution in the Shunbei area. This study reveals the application of fluid inclusion under the systemically petrographic constraints to decipher the charging history of hydrocarbon, especially for the deeply buried reservoirs.