bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of potential biological targets of oxindole scaffolds via in silico repositioning strategies
Authors: Tinivella Annachiara , Pinzi Luca , Gambacorta Guido , Baxendale Ian , Rastelli Giulio
Published: March 2022

Background: Drug repurposing is an alternative strategy to traditional drug discovery that aims at predicting new uses for already existing drugs or clinical candidates. Drug repurposing has many advantages over traditional drug development, such as reduced attrition rates, time and costs. This is especially the case considering that most drugs investigated for repurposing have already been assessed for their safety in clinical trials. Repurposing campaigns can also be designed for libraries of already synthesized molecules at different levels of biological experimentation, from null to in vitro and in vivo. Such an extension of the “repurposing” concept is expected to provide significant advantages for the identification of novel drugs, as the synthetic accessibility of the desired compounds is often one of the limiting factors in the traditional drug discovery pipeline.

Methods: In this work, we performed a computational repurposing campaign on a library of previously synthesized oxindole-based compounds, in order to identify potential new targets for this versatile scaffold. To this aim, ligand-based approaches were firstly applied to evaluate the similarity degree of the investigated compound library, with respect to ligands extracted from the DrugBank, Protein Data Bank (PDB) and ChEMBL databases. In particular, the 2D fingerprint-based and 3D shape-based similarity profiles were evaluated and compared for the oxindole derivates.

Results: The analyses predicted a set of potential candidate targets for repurposing, some of them emerging by consensus of different computational analyses. One of the identified targets, i.e., the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) kinase, was further investigated by means of docking calculations, followed by biological testing of one candidate.

Conclusions: While the compound did not show potent inhibitory activity towards VEGFR-2, the study highlighted several other possibilities of therapeutically relevant targets that may be worth of consideration for drug repurposing.
Case Report: Predominant brain superficial location of Epstein-Barr virus-related primary central nervous system diffuse large B cell lymphoma in a young woman with primary Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Zhang Jinsong , Su Wen , Zhao Chengtian , Sheng Aizhen , Jiang Yun
Published: March 2022

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)- related primary central nervous system (CNS) diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is very rare in young patients without immunodeficiency.  The predominant brain superficial location of EBV-related primary CNS DLBCL, and its’ concurrence with EBV-related lumbar-sacral radiculitis are special and have not been described previously.

A young female patient presented with multiple cranial neuropathies, radiculopathy of lower limbs, and urinary retention. Her series brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed dynamic changes, starting from lesions mainly in cranial nerves to mammillary body, pineal body, meninges, and finally in the bilateral cerebellum and cerebral lobes. Lumber spinal MRI showed enhancement in meninges and cauda equine roots. 18-ﬂuorodeoxyglucose PET-CT revealed remarkably increased glucose metabolism in the lesions shown on the aforementioned brain MRI and lumbar spinal MRI, as well as right axillary lymph nodes. The biopsy of a whole axillary node on right side indicated EBV-related lymphoproliferation. Lumbar meninges and cauda nerves biopsy revealed chronic inflammation. By cerebral spinal fluid cytology and in situ hybridization, EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) positive large B cell lymphoma was identified. The patient also had primary Sjögren’s syndrome (PSS).

The patient died two weeks after treatment with rituximab, lenalidomide and methylprednisolone. She had survived for four and a half months since symptom onset. The patient presented with several stages of EBV-related complications in the nervous system, chronic EBV infection of lumbar-sacral radiculitis, and primary CNS DLBCL, indicating the process from chronic EBV infection to DLBCL in nervous system. Intracranial acute bacterium infection probably exacerbated the progression of CNS DLBCL. The concomitant sufferings of PSS reflected immune-dysfunction might have increased the risk of EBV-related CNS DLBCL in this young patient.
Resilience and entrepreneurship: a systematic review
Authors: Conduah Andrew Kweku , Essiaw (PhD) Mary Naana
Published: March 2022

Background: The concept of resilience runs through an array of disciplines, consisting of engineering, public health, ecology, psychology, sociology, disaster management, and business administration. Researchers have tries to explain the relationship amongst connected ideas such as resiliency, adaptability, transformability, and vulnerability but their varied definitions and differences between them remain fuzzy. There are two reasons why resilience theory is important in entrepreneurship. Firstly, researchers generally employ the term resilience to mean consciousness, determination, perseverance, or self-value to justify why some entrepreneurs and their firms achieve better results than their non-resilient counterparts. Secondly, there are cognitive and behavioral entrepreneurial traits that strengthen a firm’s capability to adapt to varying conditions.

The aim of this study is to review the literature that intercepts resilience and entrepreneurship. The study will attempt to identify scholarly conversations to construct notions of resilience and entrepreneurship. Therefore, limitations in the current literature will be examined and directions for future studies would be highlighted.

Methods: This paper adopted a systematic interdisciplinary review of relevant studies that is patterned using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).

Results: The scholarly works selected from the literature portrayed six emerging colloquies or research tributaries that intercept entrepreneurship and resilience:

 

Resilience as a function of entrepreneurial individuals or firms,

Resilience generating entrepreneurial intentions,

Entrepreneurial behavior boosting organizational resilience and,

Resilience in the framework of entrepreneurial failure,

Entrepreneurship and culture,

Resilience as a process of recovery and transformation.

Conclusions: This study serves as a backdrop for the emergence of more nuanced debates on the relationship that exists between different streams of conversations on resilience. In addition, this  paper shows how entrepreneurs contribute towards promoting a constructively sustainable means for socio-economic development.
Computerised eye-tracking as a tool for early cognitive assessment in the preverbal child
Authors: Lenehan Sonia M. , O'Toole John M. , Mathieson Sean R. , Murray Deirdre M. , Boylan Geraldine B.
Published: March 2022

Computerised eye-tracking (ET) is used for the assessment of gaze behaviours in preverbal children and has the potential to aid in early identification of atypical learning and behaviour. ETallows researchers to observe and measure cognitive processes such as visual attention, gaze behaviour, and memory across different cohorts. Despite the increased use of ET in neuropsychological research and its potential to identify atypical development, many challenges remain. These have delayed its widespread introduction as a scalable method of early cognitive assessment. Published methodologies often contain insufficient detail, or varying definitions, making studies difficult to replicate and hindering the comparison of results. The duration thresholds used in fixation detection algorithms vary between studies. There are no standardised protocols for calibration. Despite these challenges, ET is an easy to use, quick assessment tool for the assessment of cognitive function in the preverbal child. To move this into mainstream assessment, standardisation of methodology and analysis is required. We propose clear definitions of ET measures and calibration protocols for the standardisation of ET as a tool for infant assessment. We also outline the ET methodology and set-up of an ET lab. Standardisation will promote reproducible and comparable research studies and facilitate widespread clinical use.
Exploring the barriers and enablers experienced by people with Cystic Fibrosis and their healthcare professionals in accessing, utilising and delivering maternity and Cystic Fibrosis care during the pre-conception to post-partum period: A mixed methods systematic review protocol.
Authors: Balfe Jen , Donnelly Jennifer , Tecklenborg Sarah , Walsh Aisling
Published: March 2022

Background

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive inherited multi-system disease that primarily affects the lungs and digestive system. New drug therapies and treatments are improving the lives of many people with CF. With improved life expectancy and increased quality of life, many people with CF are now contemplating parenthood and becoming pregnant, an aspiration that decades ago was almost unheard of. Given this quickly evolving and more positive health landscape, it is vital to understand how people with CF experience the care they receive whilst accessing and utilising fertility and maternity services. It is also important to explore the experiences of healthcare professionals involved in providing care during this period. The overall aim of the mixed-methods systematic review will be to explore the barriers and enablers experienced by people with CF and the healthcare professionals involved in their care in the pre-conception to post-partum period.

Methods

The proposed review will be conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for convergent integrated mixed methods systematic reviews. A systematic search of Medline (Ebsco), Cinahl, Embase, APA PsychINFO and Cochrane Library from inception to February 2022 will be conducted. Quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies pertaining to the experience of pre-conception to post-partum care for people with CF and their healthcare professionals will be included. Two independent reviewers will screen titles, abstracts and full texts with disagreements being resolved by a third reviewer.

Conclusion

This review will help to determine the potential barriers and facilitators experienced by people with Cystic Fibrosis and the health care professionals involved in their care during the pre-conception to post-partum period. The results will be of benefit specifically to the CF population and their healthcare providers when planning further studies in the area of fertility and pregnancy for this population and when delivering care.
Participatory Visual Methods with caregivers of children with Congenital Zika Syndrome in Colombia: A case study
Authors: Reichenberger Veronika , Smythe Tracey , Hameed Shaffa , Rubiano Perea Luisa Consuelo , Shakespeare Tom , Penn-Kekana Loveday , Kuper Hannah
Published: March 2022

Background: This study explores the acceptability and feasibility of the use of two different Participatory Visual Methods (Participatory Video and Digital Storytelling) in gathering information on the experiences and perspectives of carers of children with Congenital Zika Syndrome within Colombia.

Methods: Participatory Video was used to assess the impact of the Juntos parent-support intervention in the lives of carers, and Digital Storytelling was used to explore the healthcare access for these children. In-depth interviews were conducted to probe participants on their views of these methods.

Results: One Participatory Video was produced and four Digital Stories. Of the initial eight caregivers who took part in the Participatory Video process, four completed both the Digital Storytelling process and an in-depth interview about their experiences.  The main factors shaping participants’ experiences related to the skills learned in making the videos, the feeling of collectiveness and the control over the processes.

Conclusion: Women with children with Congenital Zika Syndrome have reported feeling marginalised and misunderstood in daily life. This case study found that Participatory Visual Methods is acceptable and feasible. Moreover, these approaches can support groups in different aspects, such as providing a space to share their stories creatively, hear others in similar situations as them and increase the feeling of community.
Distinctive features in the ideas about the professional career of employees of internal affairs bodies of different ages
Authors: Mihaylova Tat'yana
Published: March 2022

The content of the article reflects the discussion of the survey results obtained on a sample of 70 employees of the internal affairs bodies of different age categories who served in the Department of Internal Affairs from 1 year to 25 years. The author notes that the ideas about the professional career of employees of the internal affairs bodies of different ages have distinctive features. Thus, employees under the age of 25 are more likely to relate the concept of "career" to such positions as career growth, a sense of confidence and stability, and self-improvement. Employees from 25 to 35 years of age represent a career as a means of self-development and self-realization, an indicator of success. Employees from 35 to 45 years of age positively evaluate their career, regard it as a source of income and self-development, as an indicator of success and a source of profitable acquaintances. Employees aged 45 and older are characterized by a decrease in the importance of their career, with the priority given to the upcoming retirement and the search for themselves in other areas of activity. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the study of the success factors and components of the ideas about the career of employees of different age groups can become the basis for preventing the outflow of professional personnel from the internal affairs bodies, as well as contribute to the formation of optimal relationships in service teams, which is undoubtedly one of the most important tasks of the heads of departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at all levels. The scientific novelty of the study consists in expanding, supplementing and clarifying scientific views on the ideas about the professional career of employees of the internal affairs bodies of different age categories.
Sources and theoretical foundations of the emergence of public opinion about police officers
Authors: Bashlueva Natalya
Published: March 2022

The article deals with the criteria for evaluating the society of police actions. Police officers take an active part in ensuring the security of the individual, society as a whole, and the state, performing difficult tasks in various parts of the country. Evaluation of the activities of police officers is manifested in public opinion, which is laid down and formed in childhood. The formation of public opinion occurs as a result of its development both in the social framework as a whole and in certain communities: social, regional, professional, political and others. The process of forming public opinion consists of three main stages: the origin, the direct formation, as well as the functioning of public opinion. It is necessary to build new programs based on the analysis of the results of the activities of previous years, develop methods that will help to increase the level of trust of citizens in police officers, point out the most problematic aspects of police activity, improve the quality of its activities. The relevance of this topic is primarily due to the fact that the assessment of the activities of police officers is manifested in public opinion, which is laid and formed in childhood. Scientific and educational literature does not contain data on how exactly the emergence of public opinion in the child's mind about the activities of law enforcement agencies occurs, therefore this work is an important stage in the study of the evaluation of the activities of police officers.

Ideas about the level of protection of society from crimes, as well as the level of trust of citizens towards employees of internal affairs bodies is determined primarily by their interaction in the process of resolving various situations, depending on the damage caused, as well as the quality of assistance provided by the police. All this requires high moral training, effective communication with colleagues, as well as citizens in various situations.
Modernization of education in the 21st century: a movement towards a holistic personality
Authors: Khodyakova Nataliya
Published: March 2022

The article reveals the pedagogical potential of the modernization process and the mission of modernizing education in solving the problems that a person faces in the 21st century: various threats to his security; changing the measure of space and time; replacing spiritual life with material consumption; distortion of cultural meanings and meanings; limiting lifestyles to stereotypical and utilitarian frameworks. Using personal-oriented and culturological approaches, current goals, content and methods of education are interpreted in pedagogy. As the goal of modernized education, the phenomenon of a holistic personality is proposed and substantiated, by which the author means the subject of vital activity, characterized by internal coordination and unity of intra-personal components, strong connections between them, as well as relative independence from the influences of the external environment. Based on qualitative differences in personal position, two levels of personal integrity are distinguished: 1) consistency of ideas about the world around you and yourself (harmonious position); 2) creative attitude to the world around you and yourself (transformative position). The process of education is proposed to be designed in the logic of movement from the first level of integrity to the second, and the content and methodology of education - in the logic of the transition from the understanding of existing socio-cultural and personal values to their coordination, from adaptation to the environment - to its transformation.
Study of the motivation of candidates for admission to the service and employees who have expressed a desire to serve in specific units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Authors: Reutskaya Irina , Belousov Aleksey
Published: March 2022

The article examines the to study the motivation of candidates for service in the internal affairs bodies and employees of the Ministry of Internal

Affairs of Russia who are transferred to other positions in the internal affairs bodies using psychological diagnostic methods. The purpose of the article is to develop proposals for the use of some psychodiagnostic techniques aimed at improving the methodology for studying the motivation of the personality of candidates for service in the internal affairs bodies and employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The paper analyzes foreign and domestic approaches to personal motivation, examines some studies on this issue carried out in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The article presents the results of a pilot study, including an analysis of the materials of psychodiagnostics of employees of internal affairs agencies using the methods of "Integral job satisfaction", "The method of paired assessments", "Coping behavior in stressful situations" (S. Norman, D.F. Endler, D.A. James, M.I. Parker; an adaptation version of T.A. Kryukova). The test results were processed using the SPSS for Windows statistical package.
The role of machine translation in translation education: A thematic analysis of translator educators’ beliefs
Authors: Rico Celia , González Pastor Diana
Published: March 2022

Discussions on the teaching of machine translation (MT) have usually remained confined to translation technology pedagogy. Syllabus design, models for competence development, methodologies and evaluation procedures in this area have benefited from advances in translation pedagogy, but findings relating to the teaching of MT have been slow to be implemented in the translation classroom. Numerous studies have reflected translators’ perspectives on MT, including those of professional associations, employers, and institutional organizations. Students’ perspectives have also been collected, but the voice of the translation instructors is yet to be heard. A number of questions arise: What do translator educators think of MT? Would they be willing to use it in the translation classroom? If so, how and to what purpose? To answer these and related questions, we present the results of a qualitative study conducted with a group of translation educators at Universitat de València (University of Valencia, Spain) in the context of a broader research project. We specifically investigated their beliefs and perspectives towards the introduction of MT into the translation classroom. We used open-ended questions to collect qualitative data, and subsequently analysed responses within the framework of Grounded Theory. Findings provide valuable insights for discussion on the following topics: MT literacy, the blurring of MT key concepts and categorizations, the effect of MT on the development of translation competences, agency in MT reaching a stage where there is no longer a place for the human translator, and the eventual eclipse of the translator.
Government Policy, Strategic Consumer Behavior, and Spillovers to Retailers: The Case of Demonetization in India
Authors: Kim Yewon , Chintagunta Pradeep K. , Pareek Bhuvanesh
Published: March 2022

This paper studies strategic consumer shopping behavior in response to a macroeconomic policy and quantifies its unintended consequences for retailers vis-à-vis the policy goal. Using transaction-level data from a large retail chain in India, we document consumer strategies that leverage retailers to avoid costs associated with the country’s currency reform policy. We observe both an increase in returns of cash-purchased items that were bought before demonetization (strategic returns) and a spike in final (unreturned) cash purchases with soon-to-be-illegal notes (strategic purchases). Both practices serve consumer incentives either to receive legal notes from the retailer or to avoid depositing cash in formal bank accounts. Our analysis suggests that strategic consumers hindered the intended policy effect while partly benefiting the retail chain, leaving 20 million Indian rupees (INR) ($0.3 million) of demonetized notes outside the formal tax network through this retail chain only; when we scale up the estimates to the country’s market size, the estimated total impact reaches 100 billion INR ($1.5 billion). Our findings offer implications for policy makers by quantifying a wide spillover effect of government interventions that goes beyond the target group and document a new role of the retail industry: of absorbing and facilitating a response to macroshocks.

History: Avi Goldfarb served as the senior editor for this article and Nitin Mehta served as the associate editor for this article.

Funding: Chintagunta thanks the Kilts Center of Marketing at the University of Chicago for financial support.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2022.1358 .
How Do MNEs and Domestic Firms Respond Locally to a Global Demand Shock? Evidence from a Pandemic
Authors: Adbi Arzi , Chatterjee Chirantan , Mishra Anant
Published: March 2022

Global shocks bring unanticipated changes in the business environment of foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs) and rival domestic firms. We examine whether there is a difference between how MNEs and domestic firms react in heterogeneous local or subnational markets to a global demand shock. Leveraging the 2009–2010 H1N1 influenza pandemic as a source of exogenous variation in global demand for influenza vaccines, we investigate the role of subnational heterogeneity in economic resources, industry infrastructure, and political alignment within an emerging economy on the behavior of incumbent MNEs and rival domestic firms. We find that following the pandemic, MNE market share in the influenza vaccine market relative to the noninfluenza vaccine markets declines more in regions with lower government health spending per capita and also, in regions unaligned with the federal government. Additional analyses suggest that these changes in market share are not caused by a reduction in MNE revenues. Rather, they are caused by domestic firms that were already present in noninfluenza vaccine markets diversifying by entering the highly related influenza vaccine market. Finally, a granular examination of the differential responses reveals that such responses are not related to preshock differences in regional coverage of MNEs and domestic firms. This study contributes to the extant literature by suggesting that the direct costs or opportunity costs of new market and region entry are relatively greater for MNEs than for domestic firms, particularly in regions that have inadequate health infrastructure and are politically not aligned.

This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.

Funding: The authors acknowledge funding support from the National University of Singapore [Start-up Research Grant R-313-000-143-133]; the University of Minnesota [Summer Research Grant]; the Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India Bank Chair at Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad; and the Campbell and Teller National Fellow Program at Hoover Institution, Stanford University.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4313 .
A Data-Driven Approach to Multistage Stochastic Linear Optimization
Authors: Bertsimas Dimitris , Shtern Shimrit , Sturt Bradley
Published: March 2022

We propose a new data-driven approach for addressing multistage stochastic linear optimization problems with unknown distributions. The approach consists of solving a robust optimization problem that is constructed from sample paths of the underlying stochastic process. We provide asymptotic bounds on the gap between the optimal costs of the robust optimization problem and the underlying stochastic problem as more sample paths are obtained, and we characterize cases in which this gap is equal to zero. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first sample path approach for multistage stochastic linear optimization that offers asymptotic optimality guarantees when uncertainty is arbitrarily correlated across time. Finally, we develop approximation algorithms for the proposed approach by extending techniques from the robust optimization literature and demonstrate their practical value through numerical experiments on stylized data-driven inventory management problems.

This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, optimization.

Funding: S. Shtern was supported by the Israel Science Foundation [Grant 1460/19].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4352 .
Rare health conditions 56: multiple myeloma, Kaposi's sarcoma, and phaeochromocytoma
Authors: Barber Chris
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this series is to briefly highlight a range of rare health conditions. Rare health conditions are those that affect no more and usually fewer than one person in every 2000 and many healthcare assistants and nurses will encounter some of these conditions, given the high number of them. This 56th article will briefly explore three of these conditions, which will focus on rare cancers and tumours: multiple myeloma, Kaposi's sarcoma, and phaeochromocytoma.
A local stakeholder perspective on nursing associate training
Authors: Robertson Steve , King Rachel , Taylor Beth , Laker Sara , Wood Emily , Senek Michaela , Tod Angela , Ryan Tony
Published: March 2022

Nursing associates have now been part of the health and social care system workforce in England for three years and research has begun to highlight the benefits and challenges as the role becomes embedded.

However, there has been less of a research focus on how various stakeholders have experienced the training aspects of this new role. This paper reports findings from interviews with stakeholders from an integrated care system in the North of England conducted at two time points, one year apart. Findings focus on three themes: workforce and education planning; role ambiguity; and support.

The article highlights how clarity of role, understanding of support needs and discussions around career aspirations are essential for all organisations involved in trainee nursing associate programme development and delivery. It also shows the need for good partnership working across health and education sectors to adequately support both the TNAs and those working with them.
What makes for a good nursing handover?
Authors: Stonehouse David
Published: March 2022

This article discusses the important part that the nursing handover plays in providing quality care to patients and the smooth running of the shift and clinical area. Following an introduction stating exactly what is meant by a handover, the relevant and pertinent parts of the Nursing and Midwifery Council code will then be identified and discussed.

The importance of good communication as well as delegation will be discussed, before moving on to identify potential issues to achieving a quality nursing handover and ways to overcome these.

Finally, the role of the support worker and nursing associate will be made clear.
Adverse childhood experiences, safeguarding and the role of the school nurse in promoting resilience and wellbeing
Authors: Waterhouse Judith Anna
Published: March 2022

Background:

School nurses are key professionals in helping to safeguard, support and improve outcomes for children and young people.

Aim:

The aim of this article is to explore the subject of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in relation to safeguarding and the vital role the school nurse can play in supporting the building of resilience in children and young people (CYP) and their families.

Methods:

A critical review of the literature was undertaken, considering the role of the school nurse within the safeguarding arena, adverse childhood experiences, collaborative and multi-agency work. The legal, policy and professional frameworks underpinning safeguarding and public health practice are also critically examined.

Findings:

There is ample evidence demonstrating the potential effects of ACEs on the health and wellbeing of children and young people. There is also research proposing that ACEs should not be viewed in isolation and are not necessarily in themselves deterministic of negative outcomes. School nurses have an important role in early interventions with families to promote resilience and help keep children safe.

Conclusion:

The implication of this article is that with sound knowledge and understanding regarding ACEs, the school nurse can play a vital role as part of the wider team in building the resilience of the community, provide therapeutic interventions and early intervention, and thereby help to safeguard, support, and improve outcomes for CYP and their families.
Cross-sectoral alliance formed to promote the responsible use of veterinary medicines
Authors: Jones Gwyn , Howard Steve , Bawn Mary
Published: March 2022

Inspired by the success of the UK farm animal sector in reducing antibiotic use during the past 5 years, the recently formed RUMA Companion Animal and Equine Alliance will draw on the agriculture sector's learnings to help further protect important medicines for future human and animal use.
Tek Ebeveyn Olan Annelerin Psikolojik Sağlamlıkları ile Yaşam Doyumları Arasındaki İlişkide Umut ve Affetmenin Aracı Rolü
Authors: ODACI Hatice , ÜLKEN Emine , BÜLBÜL Kenan
Published: March 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı tek ebeveyn olan annelerin psikolojik sağlamlıkları ile yaşam doyumları arasındaki ilişkide umut ve affetmenin aracı rolünün incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın örneklemini yaşları 23 ile 69 arasında değişen ve yaşları ortalaması 41.62 (SS = 8.79) olan 256 tek ebeveyn anne oluşturmaktadır. Okul psikolojik danışmanları aracılığıyla ulaşılan tek ebeveyn annelere COVID-19 salgını nedeniyle online yollarla ölçekler uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği, Yetişkin Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği, Sürekli Umut Ölçeği ve Heartland Affetme Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veriler SPSS 24.0 programı ve PROCESS eklentisi ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, psikolojik sağlamlık, yaşam doyumu, umut ve affetme arasında anlamlı pozitif ilişkilerin olduğu; psikolojik sağlamlık ile yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişkide umut ve affetmenin sıralı aracı rol üstlendiği gözlenmiştir. Bu bağlamda düşünüldüğünde, tek ebeveyn olan annelerin psikolojik sağlamlık düzeylerinin artması umut düzeylerini de arttırabileceği anlamına gelmektedir. Bununla birlikte umut düzeylerindeki artış affetme düzeylerini de arttırarak yaşamdan daha fazla doyum almalarını sağlayabilecektir. Araştırmada test edilen modele yönelik bulgular ilgili alanyazın çerçevesinde tartışılarak teorik ve uygulama temelli çalışmalara doğurgularından bahsedilmiştir.
The Threat of Covert Channels in Network Time Synchronisation Protocols
Authors: Lamshöft Kevin , Hielscher Jonas , Krätzer Christian , Dittmann Jana
Published: March 2022

Synchronized clocks are vital for most communication scenarios in networks of Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT). The process of time synchronisation requires transmission of high-precision timestamps often originating from external sources. In this paper, we analyze how time synchronization protocols impose a threat by being leveraged as carrier for network covert channels.
This paper is an extended version version of our open-access paper [15] in which we performed an in-depth analysis of the Network Time Protocol (NTP) in regards to covert channels. In this extended version, we broaden the view and take a look and time synchronisation in a more general way as we provide two comprehensive threat scenarios regarding covert channels and discuss the applicability of such covert channels to another time synchronisation protocol, namely the Precision Time Protocol, PTP. While the Network Time Protocol (NTP) is the most prevalent protocol for synchronizing clocks in IT networks, the Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is mostly found in networks of Industrial Control Systems (ICS) due to higher demands regarding accuracy and resolution. To illustrate the threat of covert channels in such protocols we describe two threat scenarios, one for the Network Time Protocol and one for the Precision Time Protocol. For NTP we perform a systematic in-depth analysis of covert channels. Our analysis results in the identification of 49 covert channels, by applying a covert channel pattern-based taxonomy. The summary and comparison based on nine selected key attributes show that NTP proofs itself as a plausible carrier for covert channels. The analysis results are evaluated in regards to common behavior of NTP implementations in six major operating systems. Two channels are selected and implemented to be evaluated in network test-beds. By hiding encrypted high entropy data in a high entropy field of NTP we show in our first assessment that practically undetectable channels can be implemented in NTP, motivating the required further research. In our evaluation, we analyze 40,000 NTP server responses from public NTP server providers and discuss potential countermeasures. Finally, we discuss the relevance, applicability and resulting threat of these findings for the Precision Time Protocol.
Majority Vote-Based Ensemble Approach for Distributed Denial of Service Attack Detection in Cloud Computing
Authors: Alqarni Ahmed Abdullah
Published: March 2022

Cloud computing is considered as technical advancement in information technology. Many organizations have been motivated by this advancement to outsource their data and computational needs. Such platforms are required to fulfil basic security principles such as confidentiality, availability, and integrity. Cloud computing offers scalable and virtualized services with a high flexibility level and decreased maintenance costs to end-users. The infrastructure and protocols that are behind cloud computing may contain bugs and vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities are being exploited by attackers, leading to attacks. Among the most reported attacks in cloud computing are distributed denial-of-service (DDOS) attacks. DDOS attacks are conducted by sending many data packets to the targeted infrastructure. This leads to most network bandwidth and server time being consumed, thus causing a denial of the service problem. Several methods have been proposed and experimented with for early DDOS attack detection. Employing a single machine learning classification model may give an adequate level of attack detection accuracy but needs an enhancement. In this study, we propose an approach based on an ensemble of machine learning classifiers. The proposed approach uses a majority vote-based ensemble of classifiers to detect attacks more accurately. A subset of the CICDDOS2019 dataset consisting of 32,000 instances, including 8450 benign and 23,550 DDOS attack instances was used in this study for results and evaluation. The experimental results showed that 98.02% accuracy was achieved with 97.45% sensitivity and 98.65% specificity.
Research on Semantic Information Retrieval Based on Improved Fish Swarm Algorithm
Authors: Hu Ming
Published: March 2022

In order to improve the effectiveness of semantic information retrieval, the improved fish swarm algorithm is proposed to carry out semantic information retrieval. Firstly, the system of semantic information retrieval is designed, and theory model of search engine is established. Secondly, the information retrieval model based on semantic similarity is constructed, and the mathematical model is deduced. Thirdly, the improved fish algorithm is established, and the analysis procedure of it is designed. Finally, the simulation analysis of semantic information retrieval is carried out, results show that the proposed model can obtain higher classification accuracy, precision rare and recall rate, therefore it has higher performance on semantic information retrieval.
Automated production processes and new taxation models
Authors: Parente Salvatore
Published: March 2022

The transformation of production processes and the changes in work organisation brought about by technological and IT development have led to a new way of looking at the “real” market, transforming it from a physical place for the exchange of goods and rights, modulated by the interaction of supply and demand, into a boundless space to which one can have unrestricted access in order to exchange all kinds of goods. This phenomenon, while allowing for additional income and cost savings, has significant tax implications. In rethinking the models of the lex robotica, the fiscal discipline, in spite of the resistance generated by mistrust and “conservative” attitudes, marked by traditional taxation models based on income and consumption, plays a fundamental role in promoting work and in spreading new forms of economic, productive and social organisation. In this context, the new taxation models must value the productive capacity of technologies and artificial intelligence, through comparison with human labour, and measure their intrinsic value or cost savings, in order to provide the resources needed to reintegrate into the labour market those who have been expelled from the system.
Zagrożenia i korzyści związane z obrotem kryptowalutami
Authors: Wyporek Witold
Published: March 2022

The article emphasise on the current legal rules and regulations related to cryptocurrencies. Due to the risks and benefits associated with trading and using virtual currency, it is very essential to regulate by standard law. Contemporary regulations of the European Union are presented it this article along with the Republic of Poland act related to money laundering and terrorist financing. Virtual currency represented as an objective part of property law. The position of financial control authorities elaborated with regards of threats involve in virtual currencies trading. The recipient introduced to the principles of the formation and types of virtual currencies, as well as the cryptographic method of the distributed register. The positive aspects of the technological encasement also introduced along with the new digital economy have been demonstrated. The draft acts were introduced in legal regulations which is the field of virtual currency trading. The use of financial investment trends leads to development of new directions which is changing old era of financial investments.
Demonstration of aerosol profile measurement with a dual-wavelength high-spectral-resolution lidar using a scanning interferometer
Authors: Jin Yoshitaka , Nishizawa Tomoaki , Sugimoto Nobuo , Takakura Satoru , Aoki Makoto , Ishii Shoken , Yamazaki Akihiro , Kudo Rei , Yumimoto Keiya , Sato Kaori , Okamoto Hajime
Published: March 2022

Simple dual-wavelength high-spectral-resolution lidar at 355 and 532 nm
with a scanning interferometer was developed for continuous
observations of aerosol profiles. Scanning the interferometer
periodically over a range of one fringe at 532 nm (1.5 fringes at
355 nm) enabled recording of range-resolved interference signals at
these two wavelengths. Reference signals taken from the transmitted
laser were used to correct the interference phase shift due to laser
frequency variation for every scan. Profiles of aerosol backscatter
and extinction coefficients were retrieved from range-resolved
interference data. One month of continuous measurements demonstrated
the robustness of the system.
Improved phase hologram generation of multiple 3D objects
Authors: Velez-Zea Alejandro , Fredy Barrera-Ramírez John , Torroba Roberto
Published: March 2022

We demonstrate the generation
of phase holograms of multiple
3D objects at different axial positions without cross talk and
significant improvements in performance over conventional methods. We
first obtain the phase hologram of two 3D objects, each one comprising 50 layers, using the global Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm. Then, we
discuss and demonstrate a propagation approach based on the singular
value decomposition of the Fresnel impulse response function that
enables fast computation of small distance propagations. Finally, we
propose a new iterative hologram generation algorithm, to the best of our knowledge, that takes
advantage of this propagation approach and use it to make the hologram
of the same scene previously obtained with the global Gerchberg–Saxton
algorithm. We perform numerical and experimental reconstructions to
compare both methods, demonstrating that our proposal achieves 4 times
faster computation, as well as improved reconstruction quality.
Wideband, high spectral resolution UV convex grating imaging spectrometer based on an Offner structure
Authors: Xue Qingsheng , Yang Jingyao , Huang Liyu , Bai Haoxuan , Lu Jitao
Published: March 2022

Ultraviolet is an effective electromagnetic spectrum in material detection, which has wide application prospects in aerospace and environmental monitoring. A conventional imaging spectrometer has a narrow UV band and low spectral resolution. To solve this problem, a convex grating imaging spectrometer based on an Offner structure with F#2.5 and a 13 mm long slit was designed and developed. The working wavelength ranges from 200 to 433 nm, and the spectral resolution is greater than 0.5 nm. A hyperspectral data cube with both high spatial and spectral resolutions of external scenes can be obtained by the push-broom imaging mode. Fine Fraunhofer lines can be distinguished in the spectrum. The ultraviolet hyperspectral imager can be used for marine oil spills, trace gas monitoring, and other applications that require high signal-to-noise ratios, wide bands, and high spectral resolutions.
Increasing optical pose estimation accuracy via freeform design and its application to hand-eye calibration
Authors: Melchert Nils , Hinz Lennart , Schindlbeck Christopher , Reithmeier Eduard
Published: March 2022

For robot-assisted assembly of complex optical systems, the alignment is facilitated by an accurate pose estimation of its components. However, wavefront-based pose estimation is typically ill-conditioned due to the inherent geometry of conventional industrially manufactured optical components. Therefore, we propose a novel approach in this paper to increase wavefront-based pose estimation accuracy via the design of freeform optics. For this purpose, an optimization problem is derived that parameterizes the component’s surfaces by a predetermined freeform surface model. To show the efficacy of our approach, we provide simulation results to compare the pose estimation accuracy for a variety of optical designs. As an application example for the resulting improved pose estimation, a hand-eye calibration of a wavefront sensor is performed. This calibration originates from the field of robotics and represents the identification of a sensor coordinate system with respect to a global reference frame. For quantitative evaluation, the calibrating results are first presented with the aid of simulation data. Finally, the practical feasibility is demonstrated using a conventional industrial robot and additively manufactured freeform lenses.
Time-resolved holographic study of laser-induced fatigue in bulk of sapphire and fused silica
Authors: Momgaudis Balys , Vengris Mikas , Melninkaitis Andrius
Published: March 2022

In this work, the fatigue effect caused by multi-pulse laser irradiation in bulk of transparent optical medium for ultrashort pulses is investigated. Time-resolved digital holography is used as a sensitive tool for quantifying changes in material response below single-shot damage threshold. In case of two investigated fused quartz samples the survivable dose is limited by increase in the yield of free electrons and self-trapped exciton densities with number of expositions prior to damage formation. Meanwhile, no change was detected in free electron plasma for sapphire before multi-pulse damage which lead to nondeterministic damage. It was estimated that optical damage could form bellow critical plasma density for all samples. The data on low energy irradiation and damage morphology suggest a strong contribution from defects to the initiation of multi-pulse optical damage in bulk media.