bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From study plans to capacity building: a journey towards health equity in cancer survivorship
Authors: Adsul Prajakta , Austin Jessica D. , Chebli Perla , Dias Emanuelle M. , Hirschey Rachel , Ravi Priyanka , Seaman Aaron T. , Vogel Rosi
Published: October 2023

This article highlights the importance of pausing and reflecting on one's motivation, capacity, and positionality when engaging in health equity research and encourages researchers to engage in critical self-reflection and contribute to the ongoing dialogue on the ethical conduct of health equity-focused cancer research. In response to the urgent need to address health disparities and improve health equity in cancer survivorship care, the Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network (CPCRN) Survivorship workgroup discussed developing a study focused on understanding how racism impacts patient engagement in cancer survivorship care. However, during the study's development, the workgroup recognized limitations in research team composition and infrastructure. The workgroup engaged in critical self-reflections, individually and collectively, leading to the halting of the research study. Consequently, they redirected their efforts towards strengthening the necessary infrastructure for conducting such research, including diverse investigator representation and equitable partnerships with cancer survivors. The description of this process, along with suggestions for reflection, may be helpful and informative to other researchers and research networks seeking to center marginalized voices and work in partnership to address healthcare and health equity.
Postmemory of Stalinist Repressions and the Siege of Leningrad in Olga Lavrentieva’s Graphic Novel Survilo (2019)
Authors: Kamińska-Maciąg Sylwia
Published: October 2023

Olga Lavrentieva’s graphic novel Survilo, published in Russia in 2019, and since then translated into a few languages, is one of the recent examples of harnessing the comic form to overcome historical taboo in contemporary children’s and young adult literature. The polemic around accounts of the Stalinist repressions in the 1930s and the period of the Leningrad siege that arose a few years ago in Russia’s cultural space shows that the quest for the truth about the past continues to haunt successive generations of Russian authors. Lavrentieva spins a narrative based on the history of her own family and, specifically, on the life of her grandmother, Valentina Survilo, whose childhood overlapped with the Great Terror with its atrocities and her adolescence with the blockade of Leningrad. The author of this article argues that although she writes about Stalinist atrocities, in her fragmented biographical graphic novel, Lavrentieva does not deconstruct the Soviet myth of the Great Patriotic War but weaves a narrative based on a particular version of postmemory. The author uses the framework of memory studies and focuses predominately on the textual layer of Survilo; however, the black-and-white vignettes composed by Lavrentieva add up to a formally and thematically thought-provoking book.
Facing the Traumatic Field in the Clinical and Social Work with Forced Migrants Through a Psychodynamic Perspective: from “Refugee Trauma” to the Clinic of Social Links
Authors: Margherita Giorgia , Tessitore Francesca
Published: October 2023

This article aims to rethink the clinical and social work with forced migrants through the concept of “field” as it is described in the context of Bionian psychoanalysis. The proposed approach goes beyond the individual trauma of the refugee, to arrive at a clinic of the “traumatic field” that includes, but also overcomes, the dyadic relationship searching for the link between intra-psychic, inter-psychic and social dimensions. The work with mediation “devices”, the dream field, and the group as a social witness will be discussed as operational tools of a clinical social practice of intervention extended to relevant emerging social contexts.
Controllable Deformations of Unconstrained Ideal Nematic Elastomers
Authors: Mihai L. Angela , Goriely Alain
Published: October 2023

We establish that, for ideal unconstrained uniaxial nematic elastomers described by a homogeneous isotropic strain-energy density function, the only smooth deformations that can be controlled by the application of surface tractions only and are universal in the sense that they are independent of the strain-energy density are those for which the deformation gradient is constant and the liquid crystal director is either aligned uniformly or oriented randomly in Cartesian coordinates. This result generalizes the classical Ericksen’s theorem for nonlinear homogeneous isotropic hyperelastic materials. While Ericksen’s theorem is directly applicable to liquid crystal elastomers in an isotropic phase where the director is oriented randomly, in a nematic phase, the constitutive strain-energy density must account also for the liquid crystal orientation which leads to significant differences in the analysis compared to the purely elastic counterpart.
Paramagnetic NMR to study iron sulfur proteins: 13C detected experiments illuminate the vicinity of the metal center
Authors: Querci Leonardo , Grifagni Deborah , Trindade Inês B. , Silva José Malanho , Louro Ricardo O. , Cantini Francesca , Piccioli Mario
Published: October 2023

The robustness of NMR coherence transfer in proximity of a paramagnetic center depends on the relaxation properties of the nuclei involved. In the case of Iron-Sulfur Proteins, different pulse schemes or different parameter sets often provide complementary results. Tailored versions of HCACO and CACO experiments significantly increase the number of observed Cα/C’ connectivities in highly paramagnetic systems, by recovering many resonances that were lost due to paramagnetic relaxation. Optimized 13C direct detected experiments can significantly extend the available assignments, improving the overall knowledge of these systems. The different relaxation properties of Cα and C’ nuclei are exploited in CACO vs COCA experiments and the complementarity of the two experiments is used to obtain structural information. The two [Fe2S2]+ clusters containing NEET protein CISD3 and the one [Fe4S4]2+ cluster containing HiPIP protein PioC have been taken as model systems. We show that tailored experiments contribute to decrease the blind sphere around the cluster, to extend resonance assignment of cluster bound cysteine residues and to retrieve details on the topology of the iron-bound ligand residues.
How do roles impact suicidal agents’ obligations?
Authors: Dowie Suzanne E.
Published: October 2023

In this paper, I assess the role responsibility argument that claims suicidal agents have obligations to specific people not to kill themselves due to their roles. Since the plausibility of the role responsibility argument is clearest in the parent–child relationship, I assess parental obligations. I defend a view that says that normative roles, such as those of a parent, are contractual and voluntary. I then suggest that the normative parameters for some roles preclude permissible suicide because the role-related contract includes a promise to provide continuing care and emotional support. I propose that as we have established criteria for morally acceptable reasons for cancelling, voiding, or amending a contract, we can apply these to the role responsibility argument to establish grounds for releasing a parent from his role-related and contractual obligations. Failure to fulfil one’s contractual roles may not be blameworthy, depending upon the circumstances. I propose the factors determining culpability in failure to fulfil one’s role-related obligations are: intention, voluntariness, diminished responsibility, mental capacity, and foreseeability.
Neighbourhood search for energy minimisation in flexible job shops under fuzziness
Authors: García Gómez Pablo , Vela Camino R. , González-Rodríguez Inés
Published: October 2023

Uncertainty pervades real life and supposes a challenge for all industrial processes as it makes it difficult to predict the outcome of otherwise risk-free activities. In particular, time deviation from projected objectives is one of the main sources of economic losses in manufacturing, not only for the delay in production but also for the energy consumed by the equipment during the additional unexpected time they have to work to complete their labour. In this work we deal with uncertainty in the flexible job shop, one of the foremost scheduling problems due to its practical applications. We show the importance of a good model to avoid introducing unwanted imprecision and producing artificially pessimistic solutions. In our model, the total energy is decomposed into the energy required by resources when they are actively processing an operation and the energy consumed by these resources simply for being switched on. We propose a set of metrics and carry out an extensive experimental analysis that compares our proposal with the more straightforward alternative that directly translates the deterministic model. We also define a local search neighbourhood and prove that it can reach an optimal solution starting from any other solution. Results show the superiority of the new model and the good performance of the new neighbourhood.
Why Deliberation and Voting Belong Together
Authors: Chambers Simone , Warren Mark E.
Published: October 2023

The field of deliberative democracy now generally recognizes the co-dependence of deliberation and voting. The field tends to emphasize what deliberation accomplishes for vote-based decisions. In this paper, we reverse this now common view to ask: In what ways does voting benefit deliberation? We discuss seven ways voting can complement and sometimes enhance deliberation. First, voting furnishes deliberation with a feasible and fair closure mechanism. Second, the power to vote implies equal recognition and status, both morally and strategically, which is a condition of democratic deliberation. Third, voting politicizes deliberation by injecting the strategic features of politics into deliberation—effectively internalizing conflict into deliberative processes, without which they can become detached from their political environments. Fourth, anticipation of voting may induce authenticity by revealing preferences, as what one says will count. Fifth, voting preserves expressions of dissent, helping to push back against socially induced pressures for consensus. Sixth, voting defines the issues, such that deliberation is focused, and thus more likely to be effective. And, seventh, within contexts where votes are public—as in representative contexts, voting can induce accountability, particularly for one’s claims. We then use these points to discuss four general types of institutions—general elections, legislatures, minipublics, and minipublics embedded in referendum processes—that combine talking and voting, with the aim of identifying designs that do a better or worse job of capitalizing upon the strengths of each.
Thrombozytenstörungen bei Urämie
Authors: Baaten Constance C. F. M. J. , Vondenhoff Sonja , Jankowski Joachim , Noels Heidi
Published: October 2023

Chronisch niereninsuffiziente Patienten (CKD[„chronic kidney disease“]-Patienten) haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen („cardiovascular disease“; CVD) und Thrombose, wobei etwa die Hälfte der Patienten mit fortgeschrittener CKD an CVD verstirbt. Thrombozyten spielen eine wichtige physiologische Rolle bei der Aufrechterhaltung der Hämostase, tragen aber auch zu CVD bei: Sie sind Hauptakteure bei der Bildung von Thromben und der einhergehenden Entzündungsreaktion, tragen zur Atherosklerose als Hauptursache für z. B. Herzinfarkte bei und können auch kardiale Umbauprozesse beeinflussen. CKD-Patienten leiden gleichzeitig unter einem erhöhten Thrombose- und Blutungsrisiko, was die antithrombotische Therapie von CKD-Patienten erschwert. CKD-Patienten, insbesondere bei fortgeschrittener CKD, sind bislang in klinischen Studien zur antithrombotischen Therapie stark unterrepräsentiert, sodass die derzeitige klinische Praxis hauptsächlich auf Post-hoc-Subgruppenanalysen klinischer Studien und Beobachtungsstudien beruht. Bislang sind keine Leitlinien verfügbar, die für diese Patientengruppe optimiert wurden. Sowohl der Phänotyp als auch die Funktionen der Thrombozyten von CKD-Patienten sind verändert. Ein besseres Verständnis der zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen würde eine weitere Verbesserung der antithrombotischen Therapie bei CKD unterstützen. Im Folgenden werden die Rolle der Thrombozyten bei CVD, die Auswirkungen von CKD auf die Thrombozyten und deren zugrunde liegende Mechanismen sowie die aktuellen Erkenntnisse und Grenzen der antithrombotischen Therapie bei CKD-Patienten erörtert.
Framing Texts and Images: Critical and Posthumous Editions in the Digital Single Market
Authors: Sappa Cristiana , Widła Bohdan
Published: October 2023

Although Art. 14 of the Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market (CDSM Directive) was introduced mostly to deal with issues connected with non-original photographs of public domain works, it also impacts the protection of posthumous and critical editions. Whenever a work of visual art that belongs in the public domain becomes the object of an edition, Art. 14 CDSM Directive excludes its protection under neighbouring rights. In the case of complex works, embedding original contributions belonging to different genres, Art. 14 CDSM Directive applies only if visual elements are predominant in the given work and as long as it is not possible to exploit the work of visual art without using other contributions embedded in the complex work. At the same time, Art. 14 CDSM Directive indirectly confirms that an edition may be protected by copyright if it is original. The particularly low threshold of originality required makes the presence of copyright quite common in three-dimensional and two-dimensional reproductions of works in the public domain that can qualify as editions. Then, with reference to textual works, the limits of originality are challenged: although there is little doubt that the person preparing a critical edition faces choices, they may not necessarily be free and creative. Editorial interference with the text can be compared to findings made by historians during their research and, as such, remain unprotected by copyright. Such an edition may still be protected within the regime of the neighbouring right in those few member states that decided to implement it. Eventually, as is the case nowadays with many aspects of human activity, the future of IP protection of various editions will become murkier due to the advent of new artificial intelligence technologies. For example, models are already being developed to automate the arduous and difficult process of transcription of manuscripts, as well as to ensure appropriate restoration of works of visual art. In particular, the further rapid development of artificial intelligence may cause the neighbouring rights in editions to become at least partially obsolete if the process of preparation of editions becomes devoid of human input. And this would have an impact on the copyright presence as well.
Application of Hybrid Laser Arc Welding for Construction of LNG Tanks Made of Thick Cryogenic 9% Ni Steel Plates
Authors: Gook Sergej , El-Batahgy Abdel-Monem , Gumenyuk Andrey , Biegler Max , Rethmeier Michael
Published: October 2023

Hybrid laser-arc welding (HLAW) was applied for butt welding of 14.5 mm thick plates of ferritic cryogenic steel X8Ni9 containing 9% Ni, which is used for manufacturing storage and transport facilities of liquefied natural gas (LNG). The weld seam formation and the achievable metallurgical and mechanical properties of the hybrid welds were investigated experimentally for two types of filler wire, an austenitic wire dissimilar to the base metal (BM) and an experimentally produced matching ferritic wire. Safe penetration and uniform distribution of the austenitic filler metal in the narrow hybrid weld could only be achieved in the upper, arc-dominated part of the weld. The pronounced heterogeneous distribution of the austenitic filler metal in the middle part and in the root area of the weld could not ensure sufficient notched impact toughness of the weld metal (WM). As a result, a decrease in the impact energy down to 17 ± 3 J was observed, which is below the acceptance level of ≥ 34 J for cryogenic applications. In contrast, the use of a matching ferritic filler wire resulted in satisfactory impact energy of the hybrid welds of up to 134 ± 52 J at the concerned cryogenic temperature of -196 °C. The obtained results contribute to an important and remarkable conversion in automated manufacturing of LNG facilities. In other words, the results will help to develop a new laser-based welding technology, where both quality and productivity are considered.

The efficiency of the developed welding process has been demonstrated by manufacturing a prototype where a segment of the inner wall of large size LNG storage tank was constructed. In this concern, hybrid laser arc welding was conducted in both horizontal (2G) and vertical (3G) positions as a simulation to the actual onsite manufacturing. The prototype was fabricated twice where its quality was confirmed based on non-destructive and destructive examinations.
p-Type Two-Dimensional Semiconductors: From Materials Preparation to Electronic Applications
Authors: Tang Lei , Zou Jingyun
Published: October 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are regarded as promising candidates in many applications, including electronics and optoelectronics, because of their superior properties, including atomic-level thickness, tunable bandgaps, large specific surface area, and high carrier mobility. In order to bring 2D materials from the laboratory to industrialized applications, materials preparation is the first prerequisite. Compared to the n-type analogs, the family of p-type 2D semiconductors is relatively small, which limits the broad integration of 2D semiconductors in practical applications such as complementary logic circuits. So far, many efforts have been made in the preparation of p-type 2D semiconductors. In this review, we overview recent progresses achieved in the preparation of p-type 2D semiconductors and highlight some promising methods to realize their controllable preparation by following both the top–down and bottom–up strategies. Then, we summarize some significant application of p-type 2D semiconductors in electronic and optoelectronic devices and their superiorities. In end, we conclude the challenges existed in this field and propose the potential opportunities in aspects from the discovery of novel p-type 2D semiconductors, their controlled mass preparation, compatible engineering with silicon production line, high-κ dielectric materials, to integration and applications of p-type 2D semiconductors and their heterostructures in electronic and optoelectronic devices. Overall, we believe that this review will guide the design of preparation systems to fulfill the controllable growth of p-type 2D semiconductors with high quality and thus lay the foundations for their potential application in electronics and optoelectronics.
Site Formation Histories and Context of Human Occupations at the Paleolithic Site of La Ferrassie (Dordogne, France)
Authors: Aldeias Vera , Sandgathe Dennis , McPherron Shannon J. P. , Bruxelles Laurent , Turq Alain , Goldberg Paul
Published: October 2023

The Paleolithic site of La Ferrassie (Dordogne, France) has contributed significantly to the understanding of Middle and Upper Paleolithic technocomplexes, as well as Neanderthal skeletal morphology. Excavations at the site have spanned more than a century and uncovered rich archaeological assemblages associated with the Mousterian, Châtelperronian, Aurignacian and Gravettian technocomplexes. Renewed excavations exposed a sequence spanning both Middle and Upper Paleolithic occupations in the Western Sector and low-density Mousterian deposits and Châtelperronian in the Northern Sector. Here, we report on an extensive geoarchaeological study of deposits at the western end of the site to reconstruct and interpret both the depositional history of the sediments and associated human occupations in this poorly documented part of La Ferrassie. Our results point to the nature of the site as originally a karstic cave, with the Western Sector located in what would have been the cave’s mouth. The stratigraphic sequence comprises first fluvial deposition (Phase I) followed by soliflucted deposits and accretion cones that emanate from an elevated platform situated several meters above the modern road next to the site (Phase II) and, finally, spatially restricted channeling (Phase III). Most archaeological assemblages are associated with Phase II and reflect an interplay between occupations directly in this area and bones and artifacts sliding down the slope from the upper platform. Unlike in the Western Sector, in the Northern Sector — situated along the north wall and several meters inside the footprint of the cave — cold features dominate the entirety of the sequence; we interpret these as being linked to microenvironments specific to this location of the karst rather than to general (external) climatic conditions. Relevant is the identification of patterned ground formation in this area, which can be clearly linked to the “monticule” features first reported by Capitan and Peyrony and erroneously interpreted as anthropogenic in origin. Our geoarchaeological results point to a large and complex karst system, with distinct depositional sources and often locally independent sedimentary histories throughout its extent. These formation pathways have differently impacted the main occupation areas and resulted in distinct degrees of preservation of the archaeological assemblages throughout the different areas of the site.
Getting ready for teaching with digital technologies: Scenario-based self-assessment in teacher education and professional development
Authors: Vejvoda Johanna , Stadler Matthias , Schultz-Pernice Florian , Fischer Frank , Sailer Michael
Published: October 2023

Teachers’ technology-related skills are often measured with self-assessments. However, self-assessments are often criticised for being inaccurate and biased. Scenario-based self-assessment is a promising approach to make self-assessment more accurate and less biased. In this study withN = 552 inservice and student teachers, we validated a scenario-based self-assessment instrument IN.K19+for teachers. The instrument enables scenario-based self-assessment of instrumental and critical digital skills and technology-related teaching skills for teachers. In a confirmatory factor analysis, we show that the instrument has sufficient factorial validity. To test the predictive validity of the instrument, we examined the instruments’ relationship to the frequency of technology use during teaching and teacher-initiated student learning activities involving digital technologies. Results from structural equation modelling show that instrumental digital skills and technology-related teaching skills are positively related to the frequency of digital technology use during teaching, while critical digital skills are not. In terms of the initiation of student learning activities, instrumental and critical digital skills show relationships with initiating student learning activities that include lower cognitive engagement. Technology-related teaching skills are related to initiating learning activities that indicate higher cognitive engagement. The results show that instrumental and critical digital skills play an important role with respect to the basic use of digital technologies in the classroom, while technology-related teaching skills turn out to be crucial for more complex scenarios of digital technology use. This pattern of findings supports the predictive validity of the IN.K19+instrument.
The theory of generalised hydrodynamics for the one-dimensional Bose gas
Authors: Kerr Matthew L. , Kheruntsyan Karen V.
Published: October 2023

This article reviews the recent developments in the theory of generalised hydrodynamics (GHD) with emphasis on the repulsive one-dimensional Bose gas. We discuss the implications of GHD on the mechanisms of thermalisation in integrable quantum many-body systems as well as its ability to describe far-from-equilibrium behaviour of integrable and near-integrable systems in a variety of quantum quench scenarios. We outline the experimental tests of GHD in cold-atom gases and its benchmarks with other microscopic theoretical approaches. Finally, we offer some perspectives on the future direction of the development of GHD.
“The trip actually opened our eyes to things that we were supposed to do and we were not doing”: developing primary health care system leadership in a low-income country with peer exchanges
Authors: Kushitor Mawuli , Wright Kalifa , Biney Adriana , Kanmiki Edmund W. , Kyei Pearl , Phillips James F. , Awoonor-Williams John Koku , Bawah Ayaga A.
Published: October 2023

Background

Health care systems in low and middle-income countries are decentralizing and devolving power to the periphery. Transferring power without systematic processes to develop and nurture leaders at the district compromises the effectiveness and sustainability of the decentralized health system. To address this problem, we developed an approach to leadership learning by observation and experience that improved the organization and performance of the health care system in a district in Ghana.

Methodology

Using two rounds of a longitudinal qualitative study, the study explores the determinants of implementing the Community-Based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) initiative in a district in Ghana. Insights were gained concerning the leadership regimes of two leaders who administered health services in a common geographic area at different points in time with remarkably contrasting outcomes. Insights of health workers who participated in both periods were elicited to clarify interview contexts. Ten focus group discussions (FGDs) and five expert interviews were conducted for each round of the study. The study was informed by a systems appraisal approach that utilized a thematic analytical framework.

Results

Providing district leaders with a practical observational experience had a significant influence on health care delivery in all aspects of health care provision at the district level. Exposing participants to models of best practices facilitated the replication of processes that improved the conduct of service delivery and CHPS implementation. Upon reflection, district leaders attributed performance constraints to their lack of understanding of practical ways of responding to complex district health system development needs. Observation from community members, volunteers, and health workers who witnessed the system development period corroborated narratives that leaders had expressed.

Conclusion

Effective leadership is optimally developed with participatory learning that provides leaders with direct access to fully functioning systems. Learning by observation can be structured and used to quicken the spread of managerial excellence.
Cultural influence in curriculum remodeling of early childhood education in Bangladesh: an empirical study
Authors: Alam Md Jahangir , Ahsan Abu Hossain Muhammad , Ogawa Keiichi
Published: October 2023

Children from three years to the age of five are considered pre-primary students when their emotional, social, cognitive, linguistic, and other skills are built and developed, which helped determine the future behaviors of a child. Children are heavily impacted by their surroundings and the people around them throughout this critical stage. In the 21st century, Bangladesh’s pre-primary education system has been heavily shaped and developed, following Western pedagogy. Parental aspiration remains a crucial path in developing the ECE curriculum in Bangladesh. The ECE curriculum is being remodeled under the influence of the national culture, considering the parental aspiration for the betterment of their children. Cultural components, such as customs, beliefs, social norms, regulations, and religions, have signifi-cantly influenced education. This study aims to investigate the pre-primary education system and identify the changing patterns influenced by culture globally and nationally. In this study, a mixed-methods approach has been employed for the data collected. This exploratory study used inductive reasoning to weave latest information into innovative ideas. Since the parental perspective varies in division wise needs and progress enhancement aspirations, the participants were selected from four divisional headquarters of Bangladesh: Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna, and Rangpur. For the comprehensive development of cognitive and behavioral patterns, children must be exposed to the history and culture of the community by making the curriculum more engaging. Thus, a refined early learning through ECE has been vital to building a dynamic, economic, and strong nation for the future of Bangladesh.
Improving activity and barrier properties of epoxy modified polyurethane coating with in-situ polymerized polypyrrole functionalized graphene oxide
Authors: Sun Yue , Song Dalei , Yu Jing , Zhu Jiahui , Liu Jingyuan , Chen Rongrong , Liu Qi , Liu Peili , Wang Jun
Published: October 2023

The limited dispersibility and lack of active anti-corrosion properties of graphene oxide (GO) have hindered its application in corrosion resistance. In this study, we graft the corrosion inhibitor benzotriazole (BTA) on the surface of GO to achieve pH response release, providing active corrosion protection for epoxy modified polyurethane (EP-PU) coating. An environmentally friendly composite material with a sandwich-like structure was synthesized by in-situ polymerization of pyrrole to improve GO dispersion and prevent rapid release of BTA. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) shows that adding 0.15% GBP enhances the coating's anti-corrosion performance. The dual functions of passive and active corrosion enable the GBP/EP-PU coating to provide long-term corrosion protection for metal substrates.
Global ocean observations and applications by China’s ocean satellite constellation
Authors: Jiang Xingwei , Yin Xiaobin , Guan Lei , Wang Zhaohui , Lv Letian , Liu Mutao
Published: October 2023

Satellite remote sensing data form the basis of ocean observation and applications. China has established a satellite network platform comprising ocean color satellite constellations, ocean dynamic environment satellite constellations, and ocean observation and monitoring satellite constellations. This platform provides consistent and reliable ocean observation data crucial for marine scientific research, economic development, and early warning and forecasting. This paper comprehensively describes the development process and plans for China’s ocean satellites from their inception. It offers detailed technical specifications of ocean satellites and outlines the current applications of ocean water color satellites (HY-1), ocean dynamics and environment satellites (HY-2), and ocean surveillance and monitoring satellites (GF-3) in ocean parameter inversion, target identification and detection, and early warning and forecasting. In the future, to enhance the level of industrialization in ocean remote sensing in China, it is imperative to leverage the diversity and timeliness of ocean remote sensing data. Additionally, emerging technologies such as cloud computing and artificial intelligence should be harnessed, and the application potential of various satellite data resources should be explored.
Review of research and control technology of underwater bionic robots
Authors: Cui Zhongao , Li Liao , Wang Yuhang , Zhong Zhiwei , Li Junyang
Published: October 2023

As marine resources continue to be exploited, the remarkable locomotion and coordination of fish provide an excellent source of inspiration for scientists and engineers to design and control the next -generation autonomous underwater vehicles within a bionic framework. Underwater biomimetic robots combine bionics and robot technology, and their biological characteristics offer a lot of convenience for the robot so that it can obtain better performance in adaptability and robustness. Recently, with the combination of bionics, mechanics, electronics, materials science, and automation, there has been great progress in developing underwater bionic robots with different structure types and energy supply modes. This paper summarizes the research status of underwater robots, focuses on the research status of underwater bionic robots with different materials, types and motion modes, and introduces the propulsion mechanism of underwater robots with different structures and the control methods adopted in the propulsion process. Finally, the broad application prospect and market potential of underwater biomimetic robot are introduced.
Targeting Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha to Mitigate Lung Injury Induced by Mustard Vesicants and Radiation
Authors: Malaviya Rama , Laskin Jeffrey D. , Businaro Rita , Laskin Debra L.
Published: October 2023

Pulmonary injury induced by mustard vesicants and radiation is characterized by DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This is associated with increases in levels of inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α in the lung and upregulation of its receptor TNFR1. Dysregulated production of TNFα and TNFα signaling has been implicated in lung injury, oxidative and nitrosative stress, apoptosis, and necrosis, which contribute to tissue damage, chronic inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and tissue remodeling. These findings suggest that targeting production of TNFα or TNFα activity may represent an efficacious approach to mitigating lung toxicity induced by both mustards and radiation. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of TNFα in pathologies associated with exposure to mustard vesicants and radiation, with a focus on the therapeutic potential of TNFα-targeting agents in reducing acute injury and chronic disease pathogenesis.
Aging notions, stochastic orders, and expected utilities
Authors: Yang Jianping , Zhuang Weiwei , Hu Taizhong
Published: October 2023

There are some connections between aging notions, stochastic orders, and expected utilities. It is known that the DRHR (decreasing reversed hazard rate) aging notion can be characterized via the comparative statics result of risk aversion, and that the location-independent riskier order preserves monotonicity between risk premium and the Arrow–Pratt measure of risk aversion, and that the dispersive order preserves this monotonicity for the larger class of increasing utilities. Here, the aging notions ILR (increasing likelihood ratio), IFR (increasing failure rate), IGLR (increasing generalized likelihood ratio), and IGFR (increasing generalized failure rate) are characterized in terms of expected utilities. Based on these observations, we recover the closure properties of ILR, IFR, and DRHR under convolution, and of IGLR and IGFR under product, and investigate the closure properties of the dispersive order, location-independent riskier order, excess wealth order, the total time on test transform order under convolution, and the star order under product. We have some new findings.
Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on antimicrobial protein stability and the rheological and shelf-life properties of donkey milk
Authors: Koker Alperen , Ozturkoglu-Budak Sebnem , Alpas Hami
Published: October 2023

The effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and heat treatments on antimicrobial protein stability and on the physico-chemical, microbiological, rheological and shelf-life properties of donkey milk were investigated. Although heat treatment at 75°C for 2 min resulted in 1.50 log CFU ml−1 microbial inactivation, losses in activities of lysozyme (58%) and lactoferrin (82%) were observed due to whey protein denaturation. By contrast, HHP application at 400 MPa caused lower enzyme activity losses (22 and 37% respectively) whilst maintaining a significant reduction of microbial load (1.80 log CFU ml−1). Color analyses showed that the lightness values of all samples decreased during storage. Higher flow consistency (viscosity) and lower flow behavior indexes were observed in heat-treated samples compared to untreated and HHP-treated ones, which can be explained by advanced protein denaturation during heat-treatment. The results suggest that HHP is a more suitable process than heat treatment for preservation of donkey milk within the conditions studied.
Prevalence and distribution of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serogroups and serovars isolated from normally sterile sites: A global systematic review
Authors: Hagedoorn Nienke N. , Murthy Shruti , Birkhold Megan , Marchello Christian S. , Crump John A. ,   the Vacc-iNTS Consortium Collaborators
Published: October 2023

To inform coverage by potential vaccines, we aimed to systematically review evidence on the prevalence and distribution of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serogroups and serovars. We searched four databases from inception through 4 June 2021. Articles were included that reported at least one non-typhoidal S. enterica strain by serogroup or serovar isolated from a normally sterile site. Of serogrouped isolates, we pooled the prevalence of serogroup O:4, serogroup O:9, and other serogroups using random-effects meta-analyses. Of serotyped isolates, we pooled the prevalence of Salmonella Typhimurium (member of serogroup O:4), Salmonella Enteritidis (member of serogroup O:9), and other serovars. Of 82 studies yielding 24,253 serogrouped isolates, the pooled prevalence (95% CI) was 44.6% (36.2%–48.2%) for serogroup O:4, 45.5% (37.0%–49.1%) for serogroup O:9, and 9.9% (6.1%–13.3%) for other serogroups. Of serotyped isolates, the pooled prevalence (95%CI) was 36.8% (29.9%–44.0%) for Salmonella Typhimurium, 37.8% (33.2%–42.4%) for Salmonella Enteritidis, and 18.4% (11.4%–22.9%) for other serovars. Of global serogrouped non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from normally sterile sites, serogroup O:4 and O:9 together accounted for 90%, and among serotyped isolates, serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis together accounted for 75%. Vaccine development strategies covering serogroups O:4 and O:9, or serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis, have the potential to prevent the majority of non-typhoidal Salmonella invasive disease.
Rehabilitating El Pozito, Northern Belize: a Classic Maya town and its socioeconomic history as reflected in ceramics and architecture
Authors: Eppich Keith , Ball Joseph W.
Published: October 2023

This article revisits a long-neglected site in Northern Belize, the Classic Maya settlement of El Pozito, located in the Orange Walk District. Investigations led by Mary Neivens and Dennis Puleston explored the site between 1974 and 1976, documenting its architecture and recovering a substantial quantity of artifacts. Afterward, events conspired to bring these investigations to a close, leaving the site in a half-century scholarly limbo. The research here seeks to rectify this. Combining extant field notes with sporadic publications and recently conducted ceramic analysis, the authors reconstructed El Pozito's sequence of construction, occupation, and usage over 20 centuries. This new research revealed a settlement of surprising complexity, combining aspects of urban functionality amid a landscape of rural complexity. This article argues that the best way to understand such complexity is through the conceptual lens of a “town.” Neither a city nor a dispersed rural settlement, El Pozito functioned as a critical node that connected local, agrarian Maya with each other as well as the whole of the Classic Maya world. In this way, the research here seeks to rehabilitate this site, rescue it from its scholarly limbo, and restore its place in understanding the complex pre-Columbian landscapes of Northern Belize.
Effects of concurrency on epidemic spreading in Markovian temporal networks
Authors: Liu Ruodan , Ogura Masaki , Dos Reis Elohim Fonseca , Masuda Naoki
Published: October 2023

The concurrency of edges, quantified by the number of edges that share a common node at a given time point, may be an important determinant of epidemic processes in temporal networks. We propose theoretically tractable Markovian temporal network models in which each edge flips between the active and inactive states in continuous time. The different models have different amounts of concurrency while we can tune the models to share the same statistics of edge activation and deactivation (and hence the fraction of time for which each edge is active) and the structure of the aggregate (i.e., static) network. We analytically calculate the amount of concurrency of edges sharing a node for each model. We then numerically study effects of concurrency on epidemic spreading in the stochastic susceptible-infectious-susceptible and susceptible-infectious-recovered dynamics on the proposed temporal network models. We find that the concurrency enhances epidemic spreading near the epidemic threshold, while this effect is small in many cases. Furthermore, when the infection rate is substantially larger than the epidemic threshold, the concurrency suppresses epidemic spreading in a majority of cases. In sum, our numerical simulations suggest that the impact of concurrency on enhancing epidemic spreading within our model is consistently present near the epidemic threshold but modest. The proposed temporal network models are expected to be useful for investigating effects of concurrency on various collective dynamics on networks including both infectious and other dynamics.
Echocardiography: conotruncal anomaly: a case of common arterial trunk with intact ventricular septum and hypoplastic left heart complex with unbalanced pulmonary stenoses
Authors: Loeffelbein Florian , Wronski Lena , Riede Frank-Thomas
Published: October 2023

We describe the echocardiographic findings of a common arterial trunk with intact ventricular septum, mitral and left ventricular hypoplasia, atretic left ventricular outlet and bilateral, and unbalanced pulmonary artery stenoses.
The effect of foreign language and psychological distance on moral judgment in Turkish–English bilinguals
Authors: Yavuz Melisa , Küntay Aylin C. , Brouwer Susanne
Published: October 2023

People's judgements differ systematically while reading moral dilemmas in their native or their foreign language. This so-called Foreign Language Effect (FLE) has been found in many language pairs when tested with artificial, sacrificial moral dilemmas (i.e., Trolley and Footbridge). In Experiment 1, we investigated whether the FLE can be replicated in Turkish (native) – English (foreign) bilinguals using the same dilemmas (N = 203). These unrealistic and decontextualized dilemmas have been criticized for providing low external validity. Therefore, in Experiment 2, we (1) tested bilinguals with realistic scenarios which included the protagonist's age as a source of identity (child, adult, neutral), and (2) investigated the FLE in these scenarios (N = 467). Our results revealed that the FLE was not present in Turkish–English bilinguals, tested either on sacrificial dilemmas or realistic scenarios. Psychological distance of the scenarios, protagonists’ age and the perceived age similarity with the protagonist affected moral judgments.
How to ‘make law count’: Lessons from the Comisión Internacional contra la Impunidad en Guatemala (CICIG) for the Effectiveness of Hybrid Governance
Authors: Reinold Theresa
Published: October 2023

The international community has experimented with a variety of tools for promoting the rule of law in weak states, yet with few successes. An innovative tool is hybrid commissions not supplanting the justice system of the target state but fighting impunity from within it. In this contribution I therefore seek to identify the factors that render this novel mechanism of rule of law promotion effective, arguing that a set of factors – support from the Attorney-General, civil society and powerful donors; as well as the commission’s institutional design, its strategy, and the personality of the commissioner – will determine if the changes initiated by the hybrid lead to a deeper transformation of the host state, or if there will be a rule of law rollback as soon as the commission leaves the country.
South American Rainforests Are on the Brink of Becoming Carbon Sources
Authors: Moutinho Sofia
Published: October 2023

Plants’ ability to stock carbon ceased during the 2015–2016 El Ni�o, as temperatures skyrocketed and trees died.
Unexpected DE3 Tide in the Southern Summer Mesosphere
Authors: Becker Erich , Oberheide Jens
Published: October 2023

Simulation of the January 2017 period using a gravity‐wave resolving global circulation model (HIAMCM) reveals a predominant eastward propagating diurnal tide with zonal wavenumber three (DE3) in the southern summer mesosphere from about 60 to 90 km height at middle to high latitudes. We provide observational evidence based on MERRA‐2 reanalysis and Sounding the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry satellite observations for the validity of this result. The attenuation of the DE3 below the mesopause generates a significant eastward Eliassen‐Palm flux divergence that contributes to the residual circulation. We also show that the diurnal tide in the northern summer mesosphere likely consists of mainly eastward propagating components. These findings contradict the common perception of a weak diurnal tide in the summer mesosphere.
Extended Influence of Midlatitude Cyclones on Global Cold Extremes
Authors: Klaider N. , Raveh‐Rubin S.
Published: October 2023

Cold temperature extremes, causing damage to industry, agriculture and human health, are often associated with midlatitude cyclones. Here, we quantify the relation between cyclones and cold extremes by highlighting two cyclone‐associated dynamical features that may, differently, induce cold extremes. Namely, slantwise‐descending dry intrusions (DIs) advect cold air equatorward into the cyclone's cold sector, and upper‐tropospheric troughs, diagnosed as cyclonic potential vorticity (PV) anomalies, induce cold anomalies directly below. By objectively‐identified DI outflows and cyclonic PV anomalies for 1979–2019 in ERA5 reanalysis, their climatological association with the 5% lowest 2‐m temperature is globally quantified. We find that in midlatitudes upper PV anomalies dominate cold extremes, while DIs dominate extremes in the subtropics and even the tropics. The rare overlap between the two features can potentially act as a strong predictor for cold extremes, accompanying ∼30% of extremes at 30° latitude with local hotspots of 80%–100%.
Evaluating Large‐Domain, Hecto‐Meter, Large‐Eddy Simulations of Trade‐Wind Clouds Using EUREC4A Data
Authors: Schulz Hauke , Stevens Bjorn
Published: October 2023

The meso‐scale variability in cloudiness of the marine trade‐wind layer is explored with large‐eddy simulations of regional extent and validated against observations of the EUREC4A field campaign. 41 days of realistically forced simulations present a representative, statistical view on shallow convection in the winter North Atlantic trades that includes a wide range of meso‐scale variability including the four recently identified patterns of spatial organization: Sugar, Gravel, Flowers and Fish. The results show that cloud cover is on average captured well but with discrepancies in its vertical and spatial distribution. Cloudiness at the lifting condensation level depends on the model resolution with the finer one producing on average a more realistic cloud profile. Independent of the resolution, the variability in cloudiness below the trade inversion is not captured, leading to a lack of stratiform cloudiness with implications on the detectability of meso‐scale patterns whose cloud patches are characterized by stratiform clouds. The simulations tend to precipitate more frequently than observed, with a narrower distribution of echo intensities. The observed co‐variability between cloudiness and environmental conditions is well captured.