bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Changes in Chloride Homeostasis Coordinate Midbrain Inhibitory Network Activity during Reward Learning
Authors: Woo Joyce , Uprety Ajay , Reid Daniel , Chang Irene , Samuel Aelon Ketema , Schuch Helena de Carvalho , Swain Caroline C , Ostroumov Alexey
Published: November 2024

The ability to associate environmental stimuli with positive outcomes is a fundamental form of learning. While extensive research has focused on the response profiles of midbrain dopamine neurons during associative learning, less is known about learning-mediated changes in the afferents that shape their responses. We demonstrate that during critical phases of learning, anion homeostasis in midbrain GABA neurons – a primary source of input to dopamine neurons – is disrupted due to downregulation of the chloride transporter KCC2. This alteration in GABA neurons preferentially impacted lateral mesoaccumbal dopamine pathways and was not observed after learning was established. At the network level, learning-mediated KCC2 downregulation was associated with enhanced synchronization between individual GABA neurons and increased dopamine responses to reward-related stimuli. Conversely, enhancing KCC2 function during learning reduced GABA synchronization, diminished relevant dopamine signaling, and prevented cue-reward associations. Thus, circuit-specific adaptations in midbrain GABA neurons are crucial for forming new reward-related behaviors.
Asymptotic normalization coefficients for
α+C12
synthesis and the
S
factor for
C12(α,γ)O16
radiative capture
Authors: Mukhamedzhanov A. M. , deBoer R. J. , Irgaziev B. F. , Blokhintsev L. D. , Kadyrov A. S. , Savin D. A.
Published: November 2024

: The C12(α,γ)O16 reaction, determining the survival of carbon in red giants, is of interest for nuclear reaction theory and nuclear astrophysics. A specific feature of the O16 nuclear structure is the presence of two subthreshold bound states, (6.92 MeV, 2+) and (7.12 MeV, 1−), that dominate the behavior of the low-energy S factor. The strength of these subthreshold states is determined by their asymptotic normalization coefficients (ANCs), which need to be known with high accuracy.

: The objective of this research is to examine how the subthreshold and ground-state ANCs impact the low-energy S factor, especially at the key astrophysical energy of 300keV.

The S factors are calculated within the framework of the R-matrix method using the code.

Our total S factor takes into account the E1 and

E

2

transitions to the ground state of O16 including the interference of the subthreshold and higher resonances, which also interfere with the corresponding direct captures, and cascade radiative captures to the ground state of O16 through four subthreshold states: 02+,3−,2+, and 1−. To evaluate the impact of subthreshold ANCs on the low-energy S factor, we employ two sets of the ANCs. The first selection, which offers higher ANC values, is attained through the extrapolation process [Blokhintsev , ]. The set with low ANC values was employed by deBoer []. A detailed comparison of the S factors at the most effective astrophysical energy of 300 keV is provided, along with an investigation into how the ground-state ANC affects this S factor.

: The contribution to the total E1 and E2S factors from the corresponding subthreshold resonances at 300keV are (71–74)% and (102–103)%, respectively. The correlation of the uncertainties of the subthreshold ANCs with the E1 and E2S(300keV) factors is found. The E1 transition of the subthreshold resonance 1− does not depend on the ground-state ANC but interferes constructively with a broad (9.585MeV;1−) resonance giving (for the present subthreshold ANC) an additional 26% contribution to the total E1S(300keV) factor. Interference of the E2 transition through the subthreshold resonance 2+ with direct capture is almost negligible for small ground-state ANC of 58fm−1/2. However, its interference with direct capture for higher ground-state ANC of 337fm−1/2 is significant and destructive, contributing −27%. The low-energy SE2(300keV) factor experiences a smaller increase when both subthfreshold and the ground-state ANCs rise together due to their anticorrelation, compared to when only the subthreshold ANCs increase.

Published by the American Physical Society2024
Masses and radiative decay widths of
Ds0*(2317)
and
Ds1′(2460)
and their bottom analogs
Authors: Zhang Zi-Le , Liu Zhan-Wei , Luo Si-Qiang , Chen Ping , Guo Zhi-Hui
Published: November 2024

We study the mass spectra and radiative decays of Ds0*(2317) and Ds1′(2460) in an unquenched framework. In addition to coupled channel effects between the cs¯ cores and D(*)K channels, D(*)K−D(*)K self-interactions are also considered in this work and we succeed to reproduce their mass spectra. Furthermore, we study the radiative decays of the Ds0*(2317) and Ds1′(2460) by simultaneously including the compound structures of conventional cs¯ cores and D(*)K components. We also calculate their bottom analogs with heavy quark symmetry. Our study offers useful insights into the important unquenched effects in the formation of Ds0*(2317), Ds1′(2460), and the bottom counterparts.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Rewording Theoretical Predictions at Colliders with Vacuum Amplitudes
Authors: Ramírez-Uribe Selomit , Dhani Prasanna K. , Sborlini German F. R. , Rodrigo Germán
Published: November 2024

We propose multiloop vacuum amplitudes in the loop-tree duality (LTD) as the optimal building blocks for efficiently assembling theoretical predictions at high-energy colliders. This hypothesis is strongly supported by the manifestly causal properties of the LTD representation of a vacuum amplitude. The vacuum amplitude in LTD, acting as a kernel, encodes all the final states contributing to a given scattering or decay process through residues in the on-shell energies of the internal propagators. Gauge invariance and the wave function renormalization of the external legs are naturally incorporated. This methodological approach, dubbed LTD causal unitary, leads to a novel differential representation of cross sections and decay rates that is locally free of ultraviolet and infrared singularities at all orders in perturbation theory. Threshold singularities also match between different phase-space residues. Most notably, it allows us to conjecture for the first time the local functional form of initial-state collinear splitting functions. The fulfillment of all these properties provides a theoretical description of differential observables at colliders that is well defined in the four physical dimensions of the space-time.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Topology-optimized phoxonic crystals with simultaneous acoustic and photonic helical edge states
Authors: Chen Yafeng , An Shuowei , Lan Zhihao , An Liang , Su Zhongqing
Published: November 2024

Sonic and photonic topological insulators that host topological edge states offer promising potentials for the resilient control of acoustic and electromagnetic waves, respectively. Despite the great progress on sonic or photonic topological insulators, the research of their integration, i.e., the phoxonic topological insulator, is less explored. In this work, we propose a phoxonic topological insulator that hosts acoustic and dual-polarization photonic helical edge states simultaneously. In specific, we first design a glide-symmetric phoxonic crystal with concurrent sonic and dual-polarization photonic bandgaps via the topology optimization method. Then by choosing two different unit cells from the optimized phoxonic crystal and assembling them to create a domain-wall interface, a phoxonic topological insulator that supports two pairs of gapless helical edge states within both the sonic and photonic bandgaps is constructed. Pseudospin-locked unidirectional transmissions and robust manipulations of helical edge states are demonstrated for acoustic and dual-polarization electromagnetic waves simultaneously in the proposed phoxonic topological insulator. The designed phoxonic topological insulator opens new avenues for developing topological photoacoustic devices, enabling the reliable management of both acoustic and electromagnetic waves, as well as the investigation of their interplay.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Observation of Robust One-Dimensional Edge Channels in a Three-Dimensional Quantum Spin Hall Insulator
Authors: Yu Shuikang , Deng Junze , Liu Wenhao , Zhang Yunmei , Sun Yiming , Dhale Nikhil , Li Sheng , Ma Wanru , Wang Zhuying , Wu Ping , Liang Zuowei , Zhang Xuechen , Lv Bing , Wang Zhijun , Wang Zhenyu , Chen Xianhui
Published: November 2024

Topologically protected edge channels show prospects for quantum devices. They have been found experimentally in two-dimensional quantum spin Hall insulators (QSHIs), weak topological insulators, and higher-order topological insulators, but the number of materials realizing these topologies is still quite limited. Here, we provide evidence for topological edge states within a novel topology named three-dimensional QSHIs. Its topology originates solely from a nonzero Sz spin Chern number for each kz plane of the crystal and is realized in bulk α−Bi4I4 with trivial symmetry indicators, as we show by density-functional-theory calculations. We experimentally observe the related edge states at each type of monolayer and bilayer step of this material by scanning tunneling microscopy. Consistently, the edge states are neither interrupted nor backscattered by defects at the step edges corroborating their helical character as expected from the nontrivial topology. Furthermore, two individual edge channels are directly observed at bilayer steps without visible interaction gap opening, demonstrating the robustness of these edge modes against vertical stacking. Our results establish α−Bi4I4 as the first material realization of a 3D QSHI whose definition goes beyond the scope of topological symmetry indicators, and provide a pathway for realizing nearly quantized spin Hall conductivity per unit cell in a bulk crystal.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Periodic graphs with coincident edges: folding-ladder and related graphs
Authors: Delgado-Friedrichs Olaf , O'Keeffe Michael , Treacy Michael M. J.
Published: November 2024

Ladder graphs admit a maximum-symmetry embedding in which edges coincide. In folding ladders, there are no zero-length edges. We give examples of high-symmetry 3-periodic ladders, particularly emphasizing the structures of 3-periodic vertex- and edge-transitive folding ladders. For these, the coincident-edge configuration is one of maximum volume for fixed edge length and has the same coordinates as (is isomeghethic to) a higher-symmetry 3-periodic graph.
Intergenerational accountability in the times of just transitions
Authors: Scobie Matthew , Norris Ellie , Willson Holly
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study explores the concept of intergenerational accountability to address the grand challenge of a just transition. Intergenerational accountability extends the notion of accountability for the other to include future generations in ways that avoid the trap of long-termism and delayed action.

Design/methodology/approach

We follow a critical qualitative case study approach with an Indigenous community in a settler colony. Sources of empirical materials include semi-structured interviews and documentary reviews, analysed abductively through thematic analysis.

Findings

Intergenerational accountability extends the notion of accountability for the other temporally by including future generations. Indigenous temporalities offer a way to address concerns that accountability to distant future generations could delay the urgency to act now. Findings suggest that the “eternal present”, where aspirations of ancestors and obligations to descendants coalesce into a contemporary obligation, has the potential to help confront the climate crisis. However, the ability to actively practice these understandings is constrained by commercial “best practice” and the colonial state. These constraints necessitate struggles for Indigenous self-determination that also exist in the eternal present.

Originality/value

We extend the concept of accountability for the other to include future generations, but avoid the trap of long-termism delaying action through the eternal present of Indigenous temporalities. However, these temporalities are constrained, so struggles for Indigenous self-determination become closely intertwined with struggles for a just transition.
From multifunctionality and ecosystem services to a just transition of agri-food systems
Authors: Mann Stefan , Buergi Elisabeth , Schader Christian , Jacobi Johanna
Published: November 2024

Purpose

We aim to compare multifunctionality, ecosystem services and just transition as overall conceptual approaches to understand agri-food systems.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a theory-motivated literature study.

Findings

This paper argues that the concepts of multifunctionality and ecosystem services are unsuitable for considering the systemic complexities of today’s food system in order to tackle its grave environmental and social problems. Furthermore, these two concepts tend to neglect the negative externalities of food systems and overemphasize the positive ones. The notion of just transition puts justice and sustainability at the center of agri-food studies and defines targeted systemic interventions in food systems.

Originality/value

While the approach of just transition is only starting to be widely applied to the agriculture–food nexus, we argue that it is better suited to re-orient diets, production processes, the value chain and labor conditions in a more sustainable direction. The just transition approach is also useful in drafting systemic policy innovations.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-09-2023-0740
Real world evaluation of etelcalcetide in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients in Argentina
Authors: Wojtowicz Daniela , Laham Gustavo , Forrester Mariano , del Valle Elisa , Peñalba Adriana , Filannino Graciela , Sammartino Andrea , Mengarelli Cecilia , Rosa‐Diez Guillermo , Negri Armando Luis
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT) is a common complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recently, etelcalcetide (EC), an intravenous calcimimetic, has been introduced as a treatment. We evaluated the efficacy of EC in treating sHPT.

Methods

We conducted a multicenter, observational, retrospective study involving hemodialysis patients with sHPT, treated for at least 3 months with EC. We analyzed baseline and follow‐up values of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Age, sex, time on dialysis, dialysate calcium concentration, and use of active vitamin D and phosphate binders were also recorded. Patients were divided into those receiving EC as de novo or after at least 3 months of cinacalcet treatment, and according to sHPT severity: PTH <1000 and >1000 pg/mL.

Results

The study included 196 patients. Mean age was 52 ± 15 years; 52.3% were male. Median time on hemodialysis was 46.5 (20–72) months. Significant reductions were observed in baseline iPTH (1053 pg/mL), Ca (8.7 mg/dL), and P (5.7 mg/dL) over 2 years (p < 0.0001), while ALP levels remained stable. iPTH reduction >30% was achieved in 37.5%, 64%, 66.7%, and 62.5% of patients at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. EC was administered as initial treatment in 53% of patients, while 47% were switched from cinacalcet. Significantly iPTH reduction was observed in both groups. Greater reductions were noted in patients with initial PTH >1000 pg/mL (p = 0.009). Two patients discontinued due to severe hypocalcemia.

Conclusions

EC effectively lowered iPTH and P levels, with a sustained effect over 2 years.
Nursing diagnosis of risk for elopement attempt: A content validation study
Authors: Borba Ester M. , Santos Cássia T. , de Fátima Lucena Amália
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to validate the content of the nursing diagnosis (ND) “Risk for elopement attempt” and increase its level of evidence (LOE) in the NANDA International (NANDA‐I) Classification.

Method

A content validity study was conducted based on expert opinions. The sample consisted of 33 experts with academic training in nursing and practical and theoretical experience concerning the nursing process. Data collection was performed using a Google Forms® questionnaire, which was electronically sent to the experts. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, and the diagnostic content validity was based on the Fehring model. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the institution.

Findings

The title and definition of the ND under investigation were validated, along with 15 risk factors. Among these, “Substance misuse” was classified as major (0.96), whereas the others were validated as minor. Of the 13 risk populations, 6 were validated and classified as major, such as “Individuals with history of elopement” (0.90); 6 were validated and classified as minor, including “Individuals with a history of nonadherence to treatment regimen” (0.79); and “Economically disadvantaged individuals” were discarded (0.46). Of the three associated conditions, one was validated as major, namely, “Mental disorders” (0.86), whereas the other two were classified as minor.

Conclusions

This study validated the content of the “Risk for elopement attempt” ND, allowing it to be assigned a higher LOE based on the nursing experts. All components were validated except for one of the associated conditions.

Implications for nursing practice

The validated ND will be submitted to NANDA‐I, enabling it to achieve a higher LOE in the classification. This update will enhance the quality of this diagnostic classification and, consequently, patient care and nursing education and research.
The Influence of Bush Encroachment on the Abundance and Species Richness of Rodents in a Mesic Savanna
Authors: Zwane Thabile J. , Tsvuura Zivanai , Kraai Manqhai , Tjelele Tlou J. , Mkhize Ntuthuko R.
Published: November 2024

The study assessed the influence of woody plant encroachment on the diversity of rodents in mesic savannas at the Roodeplaat and Goss Farms in South Africa. Some 142 animals from six species were recorded in 1748 trap nights. The non‐encroached habitat showed twice the species richness of encroached habitats, and three species were notably absent from encroached habitats. Strategies that reduce tree density in encroached savannas will benefit rodents while the inclusion of day‐time sampling will improve the estimation of rodent abundance and diversity.
Are we there yet? CAR‐T therapy in multiple myeloma
Authors: Mirvis Eitan , Benjamin Reuben
Published: November 2024

The last few years have seen a revolution in cellular immunotherapies for multiple myeloma (MM) with novel antigen targets. The principle new target is B‐cell maturation antigen (BCMA). Autologous chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T) therapy directed against BCMA was first approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) in 2021, although approval by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellent (NICE) is awaited. Initial response rates in patients with heavily pretreated MM have been impressive, but patients are still relapsing. Furthermore, CAR‐T manufacturing is expensive and time‐consuming, and T‐cell fitness is impaired by prior MM treatment. Numerous strategies to improve outcomes and delivery of cellular immunotherapy are under investigation, including next‐generation CARs, allogeneic ‘off‐the‐shelf’ CARs and targeting of other MM antigens including G protein‐coupled receptor, class C, group 5, member D (GPRC5D), Fc receptor homologue 5 (FcRH5), cluster of differentiation (CD)19, signalling lymphocyte activation molecule family member 7 (SLAMF7) and several others. In this exciting and rapidly evolving treatment landscape, this review evaluates the most recent clinical and preclinical data pertaining to these new cellular immunotherapies and explores strategies to overcome resistance pathways. On the protracted journey to a long‐term cure, we outline the challenges that lie ahead and ask, ‘Are we there yet?’
Museum Educators Perspective of Failure: A Collective Frame Analysis
Authors: Simpson Amber , Osterhout Andrew , Anderson Alice , Maltese Adam V.
Published: November 2024

Museums offer a unique role and safe space in shaping how youth view and react to experiences with failure. The purpose of this study was to add to the conversation around failure in out‐of‐school learning, particularly from the perspective of educators within museum settings that implement STEAM‐related making exhibits, workshops, and/or camps for youth. We analyzed approximately 9 h of video data from two sources: video recordings of virtual group meetings with 14 museum educators from six partnering institutions, and video recordings from five of the individual partnering sites discussing failure as a concept within their organization and programming. In this article, we demonstrate how the framings of failure by museum educators are bounded, and transformed, by un/seen external forces that ultimately impact the professional practices of educators in their organizations. We contend that the significance of this study lies in how perspectives around failure are produced and how they influence educators' professional practice, specifically in how failure is framed and communicated within STEAM‐related learning opportunities in museum settings.
Deepening Root Inputs: Potential Soil Carbon Accrual From Breeding for Deeper Rooted Maize
Authors: Cotrufo M. Francesca , Haddix Michelle L. , Mullen Jack L. , Zhang Yao , McKay John K.
Published: November 2024

Breeding annual crops for enhanced root depth and biomass is considered a promising intervention to accrue soil organic carbon (SOC) in croplands, with benefits for climate change mitigation and soil health. In annual crops, genetic technology (seed) is replaced every year as part of a farmer's fixed costs, making breeding solutions to climate change more scalable and affordable than management approaches. However, mechanistic understanding and quantitative estimates of SOC accrual potentials from crops with enhanced root phenotypes are lacking. Maize is the highest acreage and yielding crop in the US, characterized by relatively low root biomass confined to the topsoil, making it a suitable candidate for improvement that could be rapidly scaled. We ran a 2‐year field experiment to quantify the formation and composition (i.e., particulate (POM), coarse and fine mineral–associated organic matter (chaOM and MAOM, respectively) of new SOC to a depth of 90 cm from the decomposition of isotopically labeled maize roots and exudates. Additionally, we used the process‐based MEMS 2 model to simulate the SOC accrual potential of maize root ideotypes enhanced to either shift root production to deeper depths or increase root biomass allocation, assuming no change in overall productivity. In our field experiment, maize root decomposition preferentially formed POM, with doubled efficiency below 50 cm, while root exudates preferentially formed MAOM. Modeling showed that shifting root inputs to deeper layer or increasing allocation to roots resulted in a deterministic increase in SOC, ranging from 0.05 to 0.15 Mg C ha−1 per year, which are at the low end of the range of published SOC per hectare annual accrual estimates from adoption of a variety of crop management practices. Our analysis indicates that for maize, breeding for increasing root inputs as a strategy for SOC accrual has limited impact on a per‐hectare basis, although given that globally maize is produced on hundreds of millions of hectares each year, there is potential for this technology and its effect to scale. For maize–soy system that dominates US acres, changes in the overall cropping system are needed for sizable greenhouse gas reductions and SOC accrual. This study demonstrated a modeling and experimental framework to quantify and forecast SOC changes created by changing crop root inputs.
The Choices We Collectively Make: Orchestrating Hybridity to Tackle Grand Challenges
Authors: Grabski‐Walls Tiffany , Ambos Tina C.
Published: November 2024

Hybrid organizing offers new ways to address grand challenges by balancing profit and sustainability. However, current research on hybridity focuses mainly on individual organizations, while grand challenges involve complex networks of interconnected yet independent actors. This paper introduces a new perspective on hybridity showing how single organizations engage others to enable collective solutions. Through the lens of orchestration, we uncover the role of three Latin American stock exchanges in driving collective hybridity in a qualitative process study. Our multi‐level model reveals the sequential activities of an orchestrator – catalysing, brokering, and building – and a process of collective tension management. We extend theory on how organizations can engage an entire ecosystem to adopt hybridity and how hybrid organizing can drive large‐scale solutions to grand challenges.
Registered Nurses' Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Psychedelics in Healthcare: Statewide Survey Results
Authors: Graefe Anna C. , Weirick Madison E. , Harpin Scott B. , Dorsen Caroline , Porta Carolyn M.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Psychedelic science is re‐emerging to address mental health conditions, of which certain populations in the United States experience disparities. However, the perspectives of registered nurses (RNs), who have important roles within mental health care, towards psychedelics are largely unknown.

Aim/Question

To assess attitudes, knowledge, and beliefs of a large, state‐wide sample of RNs towards psychedelics in healthcare settings.

Method

RNs were randomly selected from a statewide directory to participate in a cross‐sectional, multi‐method online survey.

Results

793 RNs completed all items, with generally positive attitudes towards psychedelics but mixed opinions regarding the legal landscape, including decriminalisation. Few (12.7%) reported psychedelic content in their training, and most expressed low confidence in their knowledge.

Discussion

Findings generally align with previous research regarding provider attitudes towards psychedelics. Participants in this study had slightly more favourable attitudes and higher knowledge scores.

Limitations

The study has potential selection bias, lacks a priori power analysis, and is limited to one state.

Implications

As psychedelic science emerges as a potential treatment option for several mental health conditions, RNs must be prepared to support individuals and communities.

Recommendations

Additional education in this emerging area of mental health nursing is warranted to ensure RN competence and confidence.
Carbon footprint assessment and reduction strategies for aquaculture: A review
Authors: Li Haocheng , Zhou Xiaoqing , Gao Li , Liang Jian , Liu Huiru , Li Yongren , Chen Limei , Guo Yongjun , Liang Shuang
Published: November 2024

Aquaculture generates less greenhouse gas emissions compared to other agriculture practices due to its limited land‐use changes, improved feed conversion rates, and reduced methane emissions from animals' digestive systems. The aquaculture carbon emissions come from various production stages, including feed production, farm operations, processing, transportation, and so forth. This review illustrates the theories, calculation methods, and practical applications of the carbon footprint in fisheries and aquaculture, as well as the challenges and strategies for emission reduction. The factors influencing the carbon footprint of fishing and manufacturing aquaculture are also discussed. Further research should focus on refining carbon footprint assessment techniques, promoting green technologies and sustainable aquaculture practices. Managing aquaculture's carbon footprint though is crucial for mitigating environmental impacts and supporting sustainable development.
Translating Booker T. Washington in China: Blackness, racial discourse and Chinese nationalism, 1903–1949
Authors: Feng Jia
Published: November 2024

This article examines the racialised discourse on Booker T. Washington (1856–1915, African‐American educational pioneer) appropriated by diverse Chinese non‐state agents in 1903–1949, in relation to the vicissitudes of Chinese nationalism, as a window to look at the mutually constitutive relationship between racism and nationalism in twentieth‐century China. By paralleling Booker T. Washington's colour and his extraordinary success, Chinese intellectuals creatively established a role model that ran counter to the popular expectation of success. While exerting the sense of shame on Chinese, Booker T. Washington's success created unique rhetorical effects to regenerate China's atrophied national spirit that could otherwise not be done by a white figure. It argues that the conscious manoeuvres of Booker T. Washington's Blackness by Chinese intellectuals bring to view the dual contradictoriness embedded in Chinese nationalist thought, tangled and mutually reinforcing; While Chinese intellectuals' implicit adoption of the coloniser's racial ideology confronted their explicit nationalist statements, their celebration of the unique and timeless quality of being Chinese undermined their aspiration to embrace the world culture.
Linking leaf dark respiration to leaf traits and reflectance spectroscopy across diverse forest types
Authors: Wu Fengqi , Liu Shuwen , Lamour Julien , Atkin Owen K. , Yang Nan , Dong Tingting , Xu Weiying , Smith Nicholas G. , Wang Zhihui , Wang Han , Su Yanjun , Liu Xiaojuan , Shi Yue , Xing Aijun , Dai Guanhua , Dong Jinlong , Swenson Nathan G. , Kattge Jens , Reich Peter B. , Serbin Shawn P. , Rogers Alistair , Wu Jin , Yan Zhengbing
Published: November 2024

Leaf dark respiration (Rdark), an important yet rarely quantified component of carbon cycling in forest ecosystems, is often simulated from leaf traits such as the maximum carboxylation capacity (Vcmax), leaf mass per area (LMA), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations, in terrestrial biosphere models. However, the validity of these relationships across forest types remains to be thoroughly assessed.

Here, we analyzed Rdark variability and its associations with Vcmax and other leaf traits across three temperate, subtropical and tropical forests in China, evaluating the effectiveness of leaf spectroscopy as a superior monitoring alternative.

We found that leaf magnesium and calcium concentrations were more significant in explaining cross‐site Rdark than commonly used traits like LMA, N and P concentrations, but univariate trait–Rdark relationships were always weak (r2 ≤ 0.15) and forest‐specific. Although multivariate relationships of leaf traits improved the model performance, leaf spectroscopy outperformed trait–Rdark relationships, accurately predicted cross‐site Rdark (r2 = 0.65) and pinpointed the factors contributing to Rdark variability.

Our findings reveal a few novel traits with greater cross‐site scalability regarding Rdark, challenging the use of empirical trait–Rdark relationships in process models and emphasize the potential of leaf spectroscopy as a promising alternative for estimating Rdark, which could ultimately improve process modeling of terrestrial plant respiration.
Design considerations for development of cuffed endotracheal tube for small airways
Authors: Maguire Seamus , Wade Daniel , Curley James , Morris Sean
Published: November 2024

Endotracheal tubes (ETTs) are life‐supporting devices that are designed to maintain a patent airway in patients who are unable to sustain an airway due to illness or injury. Patients with small airways, such as neonates and pediatrics, have unique structural and functional features, making it essential that ETT design considers and executes on these particular needs. Though uncuffed ETTs have historically been preferred for patients younger than eight years of age, advances in cuffed ETT design and construction can be utilized to manufacture ETTs that are optimized for the smallest, most fragile airways. The purpose of this article is to discuss certain design features of cuffed ETTs in respect to small airways.
Shwachman‐Diamond Syndrome Presenting as Neonatal Ichthyosis
Authors: Jacinto‐Calimag Fatima , Wee Lynette Wei Yi , Wen Mildrid Yeo Li , Wei Christopher Ho Wen , Koh Mark Jean‐Aan
Published: November 2024

Shwachman‐Diamond syndrome (SDS) is a rare inherited bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by the triad of exocrine pancreatic dysfunction, cytopenia, and skeletal abnormalities. We report a 5‐month‐old boy with SDS who presented with generalized ichthyosis in the neonatal period that evolved into more eczematous skin eruptions, accompanied by severe failure to thrive. This report highlights the importance of including SDS as a differential diagnosis in patients who present with early ichthyosis, failure‐to‐thrive, gastrointestinal symptoms and cytopenia.
Dehydration tolerance rather than avoidance explains drought resistance in zoysiagrass
Authors: Simpson Emma , Haverroth Eduardo J. , Taggart Matthew , Andrade Moab T. , Villegas Daniel A. , Carbajal Esdras M. , Oliveira Leonardo A. , Suchoff David , Milla‐Lewis Susana , Cardoso Amanda A.
Published: November 2024

Irrigation of grasses dominates domestic water use across the globe, and better understanding of water use and drought resistance in grasses is of undeniable importance for water conservation. Breeding programs have released cultivars with improved drought resistance, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We sought to characterize the mechanisms driving drought resistance in four zoysiagrass cultivars (Lobo, Zeon, Empire, and Meyer) reported to exhibit contrasting levels of drought resistance. A dry‐down was performed through deficit irrigation until 70% decline in evapotranspiration. All cultivars exhibited similar drought avoidance as they dehydrated similarly throughout the drought. Lobo and Zeon, however, exhibited a 70% decline in evapotranspiration two to three days after Empire and Meyer, thus experiencing lower water potentials. Regarding drought tolerance, Lobo and Zeon maintained higher normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and lower perceived canopy mortality at higher dehydration levels than Empire and Meyer. We use “perceived” because visual assessments of canopy mortality are influenced by drought‐induced leaf rolling. During the recovery, leaves rehydrated and unrolled, so the “actual” canopy mortality could be evaluated. All cultivars exhibited similar mortality on the first recovery day despite Lobo and Zeon experiencing more severe dehydration. Throughout the recovery, Lobo and Empire exhibited faster re‐growth and showed the lowest canopy mortality, and Lobo exhibited the highest NDVI. The improved drought resistance of Lobo and Zeon results from greater dehydration tolerance rather than avoidance. This study has implications for lawn owners selecting the best cultivars and for breeding programs aiming at improving drought resistance of zoysiagrasses.
Analysis of the binding specificity of N‐acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)‐binding lectin isolated from Kappaphycus alvarezii to SARS‐CoV‐2 sugar moieties
Authors: Maliki Intan Mariana , Misson Mailin , Teoh Peik Lin , Rodrigues Kenneth Francis , Koh Wee Yin , Yong Wilson Thau Lym
Published: November 2024

N‐acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)‐binding lectin is one of the beneficial lectins because it has the ability to bind to glycoproteins or glycolipids containing GalNAc. Its potential applications include use as a drug delivery system, as well as for diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) spike proteins are known to be heavily glycosylated, and GalNAc‐binding lectin can potentially bind with these glycoproteins. The present study specifically investigated the interactions between GalNAc‐binding lectin from Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta) and the sugars and glycoproteins present on the S protein of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. The GalNAc‐specific lectin was successfully isolated from K. alvarezii var. tangan‐tangan (Loving Beauty) and purified using a Sepharose 6B‐GalNAc affinity column. This lectin demonstrated stability within the temperature range 30–80°C and pH range 3–9. The minimum inhibitory concentration of this lectin was determined to be 0.001 mg mL−1. Sugar specificity tests confirmed its ability to bind to the sugars and glycoproteins reported to be present on the S protein of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus envelope. These results suggest that the potential of GalNAc‐specific lectin from K. alvarezii can be further explored, making it a promising candidate for therapeutic interventions against coronavirus.
Looking through the lens of Mace's conservation philosophy: framing paleoecology for better ecosystem restoration
Authors: Siggery Ben , Bennion Helen , Harris Zoe M. , Murphy Richard , Morse Stephen , Waite Mike
Published: November 2024

In the late Professor G. Mace's iconic work entitled “Whose conservation?” she laid out the four movements through which U.K. conservation has progressed in the last 70 years. These are key concepts in understanding the motivations and perspectives behind conservation practice and continue to provide a useful framework through which to examine the contributions of related disciplines to habitat management and ecological restoration. Paleoecology, whilst well established as a field of research, is still finding its place as an applied science that is fully integrated into conservation practice. To facilitate the closing of this research‐implementation gap, the paper presents a reflection of the current and potential contributions of paleoecology through the lens of Mace's four conservation philosophies. The key message that emerges is that the integration and application of paleoecology in conservation is essential to holistically address the ongoing biodiversity crisis.
Risk of self‐harm and suicide on reaching the age at which a parent died by suicide or other causes: A Danish, population‐based self‐controlled case series study
Authors: Logeswaran Yanakan , McDonald Keltie , Cerel Julie , Lewis Gemma , Erlangsen Annette , Pitman Alexandra
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Risk factors for suicide after parental suicide may include points in the lifecourse when reminders of the deceased trigger grief resurgence. We hypothesized that risk of suicide attempt and suicide is elevated among suicide‐bereaved offspring on reaching the age at which a parent died by suicide.

Methods

We conducted a self‐controlled case series (SCCS) study using national register data on all individuals bereaved by parental suicide living in Denmark from 1980 to 2016. We compared relative incidence of our combined outcome (any secondary‐care episode of self‐harm or suicide) during the exposure period (2 years centred on the birthday representing age correspondence) and the 15‐year unexposed periods either side. We repeated these models for offspring bereaved by parental non‐suicide death as an indirect comparison.

Results

Risk of self‐harm or suicide was elevated on reaching the age at parental suicide (n = 188; IRRadj: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.21–3.38) relative to flanking periods, but not at parental non‐suicide death (n = 734; IRRadj: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.39–1.50).

Conclusions

Reaching the age at which a parent died by suicide appears to represent a vulnerable period for suicidality, countering public perceptions that time heals linearly. This indicates a need for support in the lead up to age correspondence.
Development of a peer‐delivered lethal means counseling intervention for firearm owning veterans: Peer engagement and exploration of responsibility and safety (PEERS)
Authors: Houtsma Claire , Hohman Melinda , Anestis Michael D. , Bryan Craig J. , True Gala
Published: November 2024

Introduction

This study aimed to adapt and expand an evidence‐based lethal means counseling intervention for peer‐delivery among firearm owning Veterans. We further sought to assess Veteran interventionists' fidelity to motivational interviewing (MI) in the context of the adapted intervention.

Methods

An iterative expert panel comprised of experts in suicide prevention, lethal means counseling, MI, and Veteran peer engagement (N = 9) informed intervention adaptation. Experts rated the appropriateness of the adapted intervention, named Peer Engagement and Exploration of Responsibility and Safety (PEERS), and associated interventionist training plan across six criteria. Veteran interventionists (N = 3) were trained to deliver PEERS and their fidelity to MI in the context of PEERS was evaluated.

Results

Expert panelists' average rating was 7.6 (out of 9). Ratings across all criteria (e.g., quality of the training plan; perceived ability of interventionists to engage in the intervention) were high. Interventionists' composite MI fidelity scores suggested most were client‐centered, but not MI‐competent in their delivery.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that PEERS is an appropriate lethal means counseling intervention for firearm owning Veterans that can be somewhat feasibly delivered by Veteran interventionists. This intervention could help expand the reach and effectiveness of lethal means counseling.
Developing GeoAI Integrated Mass Valuation Model Based on LADM Valuation Information Great Britain Country Profile
Authors: Mete Muhammed Oguzhan
Published: November 2024

Access to information pertaining to land facilitates strategic planning for individuals, businesses, and governmental entities and allows them to anticipate and address contemporary challenges such as climate change, housing requirements, and economic prosperity. Improvements in information technologies contribute to data creation, analysis, and dissemination processes that enable gaining knowledge about land‐related events. Greater use of location data within property technologies gives rise to an efficient and sustainable land administration system. GeoAI can contribute greatly to the solution of spatial problems by extracting information from complex data through geospatial intelligence. Property valuation requires a spatially explicit model to evaluate locational factors with spatial analyses. In this study, a Land Administration Domain Model (LADM)‐based mass valuation model is developed for Great Britain by integrating GeoAI techniques. First, the LADM Valuation Information package is matched with the country's current organizational structure and it is extended according to the needs to create a country profile. After developing the conceptual model, a database schema is created and automatic conversion to the physical model is conducted. Loading different data sources into the database, a mass valuation application is carried out through spatial analysis and Random Forest regression analysis. As a result, a highly accurate and holistic valuation model is implemented based on the international land administration standards.
Evaluation of point‐of‐care capillary and venous blood glucose concentrations in hospitalized neonatal foals
Authors: Dias Moreira Ana Sofia , Weng Hsin‐Yi , Hostnik Laura D. , Beasley Erin M. , Peek Simon F. , Munsterman Amelia S.
Published: November 2024

Objective

To compare glucose measurements from capillary and venous blood samples using a point‐of‐care (POC) glucometer with a standard laboratory (colorimetric, glucose oxidase) assay (LABGLU) in a population of hospitalized, neonatal foals.

Design

Multicenter, prospective, experimental study, conducted between March 2019 and June 2020.

Setting

Four university teaching hospitals and 1 private referral hospital.

Animals

Fifty‐four hospitalized neonatal (≤30 days of age) foals.

Interventions

Simultaneous capillary (muzzle, POCMUZ) and venous (jugular, POCJUG) blood samples were obtained to determine POC glucose concentrations. Venous samples were also analyzed by LABGLU. Each foal was sampled at the time of enrollment or admission to the hospital and at 1 subsequent point during hospitalization. Indirect mean arterial pressure and hematocrit were concurrently recorded.

Measurements and Main Results

Bland–Altman analysis showed a mean bias (95% limits of agreement) of −28.0 (−88.6 to 32.6) mg/dL for comparison of POCJUG with LABGLU, −8.2 (−94.3 to 78.0) mg/dL for POCMUZ and LABGLU, and 18.8 (−44.4 to 82.0) mg/dL for POCMUZ and POCJUG. A total of 63.5% of the POCJUG and 45.2% of the POCMUZ samples exceeded the reference value by ±15 mg/dL (for LABGLU samples <75 mg/dL) or ±15% (for LABGLU samples ≥75mg/dL). Concordance correlation coefficient (95% confidence interval [CI]) indicated a fair agreement between POCJUG and LABGLU (0.75, 95% CI: 0.66–0.82) and between POCMUZ and LABGLU (0.71, 95% CI: 0.58–0.80). Fifty percent (14/28) of hypoglycemic foals on the reference method were incorrectly classified as euglycemic by POCJUG, and 5 of 28 were incorrectly classified by POCMUZ.

Conclusions

In the sampled population, the chosen POC glucometer lacked agreement with the standard laboratory measurement. Limits of agreement were wide for both POCJUG and POCMUZ. Inaccuracies in POC results could impact decision‐making in the clinical management of glycemic control in hospitalized neonatal foals and, importantly, increase the risk of hypoglycemic events being underdiagnosed in critical patients.
Bioelectronic block of stellate ganglia mitigates pacing‐induced heterogeneous release of catecholamine and neuropeptide Y in the infarcted pig heart
Authors: Vrabec Tina , Bender Shane , Chan Shyue‐An , Cha Steven , Haridas Sahil , Hanna Peter , Ajijola Olujimi A. , Shivkumar Kalyanam , Smith Corey , Ardell Jeffrey L.
Published: November 2024

The sympathetic nervous system modulates cardiac contractile and electrophysiological function and contributes to adverse remodelling following myocardial infarction (MI). Axonal modulation therapy (AMT), directed at the sympathetic chain, blocks efferent sympathetic outflow to the heart and is a strategy to transiently and controllably mitigate chronic MI‐associated sympatho‐excitation. In porcine models, we evaluated scalable AMT, directed at the paravertebral chain, in blocking reflex‐mediated pacing‐induced sympatho‐excitation post‐MI. The level of sympatho‐excitation was assessed by dynamic interstitial measurement of noradrenaline (NA) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). In anaesthetized normal (n = 5) and age‐matched pigs 6 weeks post‐MI induction (n = 10), we electrically stimulated the right sympathetic chain and determined levels of direct current block applied at the T1–T2 level sufficient to reduce the evoked changes in heart rate and/or contractility by 25–75%. Reflex‐mediated neural release of NA and NPY into the interstitial space during programmed pacing (PP) was assessed using fast‐scanning cyclic voltammetry and capacitive immunoprobes. Normal animals demonstrated homogeneous NA and NPY release profiles during PP. In contrast, for MI animals PP evoked differential NA and NPY release in remote and MI border zones of the left ventricle. Right‐sided AMT mitigated NA and NPY pacing‐induced release in the remote left ventricle with a positive correlation to increasing AMT levels. Pacing‐induced NA and NPY release in the MI border zone was not mitigated by AMT. Differential effects of AMT on NA and NPY may underlie the anti‐arrhythmic effects of partial stellate ganglion block in the setting of chronic MI.

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Key points

Programmed cardiac pacing evokes homogeneous noradrenaline (NA) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) release in equivalent areas (e.g. medial and lateral aspects) of the normal left ventricle.

Programmed cardiac pacing evokes differential NA and NPY release in remote and border zones of the infarcted left ventricle.

Axonal modulation therapy (AMT), using a graded direct current block applied to the stellate ganglia, can proportionally modulate cardiac sympathetic reflexes.

Unilateral AMT mitigates NA and NPY release in remote left ventricular tissue, with release negatively correlated to increasing AMT levels.

Heterogeneities in NA and NPY between the border and remote tissues are reduced by progressive AMT.