bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emerging Issues in the Nigerian 9-Year Basic Education Curriculum: Implications for Cultural and Creative Arts Education
Authors: Ojukwu Ebele V.
Published: June 2020

This qualitative research study sought to assess and evaluate the emerging issues in the teaching and learning of cultural and creative arts (CCA) in Anambra state of Nigeria. Data was gathered through oral consultations while the historical background of the cultural and creative arts in Nigeria is employed as the theoretical frame work upon which the study is based. The paper argues that for school curriculum reforms to meet the needs of the basic education system, the school-based practices should be made to respond to school curriculum reforms. The paper concludes by suggesting that progress can only be made in CCA education if there are serious reforms in pedagogical content at the level of pre-service teacher education as well as capacity building workshops for serving teachers.

Keywords: 9-Year basic education curriculum, Cultural and creative arts education, Emerging issues, and Teachers reflections
Dynamism of Religious Dialogue (Inter-Faith Meeting) and the Growth of Christianity in Nigeria
Authors: Viwala Godwin , Onu Ben O.
Published: June 2020

Religious diversity is a possible feature of any human society. Even in a religious homogenous society, there are factions and sects within a particular religion. The diversity in religious conviction gives rise to a lot of options based on religious inclination. The society in which the religion is practiced need to be at peace for the religion to thrive and be propagated hence, dialogue is necessary as to see how the orthodoxy and orthopraxy can lead to peaceful co-existence as they define the societal norms and values. It is in this respect that this paper examines the issues of dynamism of religious dialogue or inter-faith meeting in the light of growth of Christianity in Nigeria, being a multi-faith, multi-ethnic and multi-cultural society Using the historical and phenomenological perspectives, the paper found out that since the 19thcentury inter-religious dialogue have been in progress and will need to continue. The foundation for religious dialogue and peaceful co-existence was laid by Chief Shodeke on December 5 1842 in Abeokuta when the three contending religious leaders - Islam, traditional religion and Christianity were invited to explain their philosophies. It was discovered that inter-religious dialogue melts the walls of in-difference and enhances understanding of the religious world view. We therefore conclude that inter-faith dialogue which offers opportunity for understanding and respect of non-Christian neighbours should be sustained for the acceptance and growth of Christianity in Nigeria.

Key words: Dynamism, dialogue, ecumenical, inter-faith, growth.
Morphological indicators of subcutaneous implantation of monofilament mesh
Authors: Gimranov Valiyan , Skovorodin Evgeny , Abyzgildina Ilnara , Karimov Foat , Bagautdinov Aidar
Published: June 2020

Hernias are a significant, non-infectious animal condition. In productive animals, failure to provide surgical treatment leads to premature rejection and potential loss of their productive longevity. In
small pets, this becomes a social problem for pet owners related to the
keeping and death of affected animals. The aim of this study was to study the histological parameters of tissues during implantation of monofilament mesh in cattle for periods up to four months. The study was
conducted on eight bulls of the Black Motley breed, divided into two groups of four animals. In the first group, four bulls received a subcutaneous implant of hernioplasty mesh made of polypropylene monofilament (Herniamesh S.R.I. Via CiRie 22 / A, San Maruro Torinese, Torino, Italy) in the area of the lateral soft abdominal wall on the right and left sides. In the second group, four bulls received implants in the middle third of the neck to the right and left sides. Thus, the subject of research was 16 wounds with implanted mesh. A sterile piece monofilament mesh, 1x2 cm in size and folded in half along the longitudinal side, was inserted vertically into the formed hypodermic pocket on the right side of the wound, in which it was possible to freely place the specified mesh. During the course of the study, Polycon
No. 4 thread with intermittent knotted seams was used, and three sutures were applied. To ensure fixation of the mesh, it was stitched centrally. The material for histological studies was taken by biopsy at one, two, three and four months after implantation. Tissue was embedded in paraffin blocks, and sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin and picrofuchsin according to Van Gieson. The results indicated that after subcutaneous implantation of monofilament mesh in the neck and abdominal wall in cattle, wound healing occurs by primary intention. It was revealed that from the beginning of the histological study to one month, the monofilament mesh is first overgrown with loose connective tissue. By the end of the study, after four months, this is sequentially
differentiated into dense connective tissue. No significant differences
were observed between the abdominal wall and neck area as sites of implantation, and morphological processes in both sites proceeded in the
same way. Thus, the conducted studies allow us to conclude that monofilament mesh is a suitable material for closing the hernial ring in
cattle, where it is not possible to use their own tissues for these purposes.
Povijest tuberkuloze - od prvih zapisa do otkrića uzročnika (I. dio)
Authors: Cvetnić Željko , Dugac Željko
Published: June 2020

Tuberkuloza je drevna bolest i oduvijek je bila neizostavni dio životne zajednice ljudi. Tijekom povijesti ostavila je duboki pečat ne samo u medicini već je bila širi društveno-socijalni fenomen. Deskriptivna paleopatologija početkom XX. stoljeća počela je opisivati promjene koje su prouzročene tuberkulozom na kostima, a napredak molekularne biologije presudno je doprinio dijagnozi tuberkuloze na drevnim uzorcima. Suvremenim tehnikama molekularne genetike i sekvencioniranjem genoma omogućena je preciznija procjena vremena nastanka mikobakterija. Sadašnje spoznaje govore da uzročnik tuberkuloze vrlo star, stariji od uzročnika kuge, tifusa ili malarije. Najstariji dokaz prisutnosti tuberkuloze u čovjeka pronađen je na kosturima u Izraelu (lokalitet Atlit Yam) (oko 9000 g. pr. Kr.). Postoje mnogi dokazi tuberkuloze na kostima mumija u starom Egiptu (2500 g. pr. Kr.). U klasičnoj Grčkoj postoje opis bolesti koju su nazivali phthisis (ftiza). Ftiza (sušica) je sinonim za kroničnu tuberkulozu pluća, kada se bolesnik u terminalnom stadiju „sasušio“ i izgledao kao „kost i koža“. U srednjem vijeku pojavio se opis skrofule (tuberkulozni adenitis vrata), poznata kao King’s Evil i dugo se vjerovalo da je može izliječiti kraljev dodir. U Hrvatskoj su u groba u Ivankovu nedaleko Vinkovaca okvirno datiranog u XVI. stoljeće otkrivene morfološke promjene s koštanom tuberkulozom - kifotična deformacija. Za nove spoznaje o tuberkulozi svako je zaslužan Teophile Laënnec, francuski liječnik koji je izumio stetoskop i slušanjem tjelesnih zvukova detaljno je opisao različite stadije tuberkuloze temeljene na auskultaciji. Francuski vojni kirurg Jean Antoine Villemin, pokusima je dokazao da je tuberkuloza prenosiva bolest i bio je među pionirima koji su pridonijeli razumijevanju bolesti. Povijest tuberkuloze najsnažnije je obilježio Robert Koch koji je 1882. godine otkrio uzročnika tuberkuloze, a 1905., dobio Nobelovu nagradu za fiziologiju i medicinu za istraživanje i otkriće uzročnika tuberkuloze. Umro je 1910. godine u Baden Badenu, Njemačka.
Fiziologija rasplođivanja kamelida - Anatomija spolnih organa i spolna zrelost I. dio
Authors: Đuričić Dražen , Kilvain Iva , Samardžija Marko
Published: June 2020

U prirodnim uvjetima rasplodna učinkovitost kamelida je relativno niska, a fiziologija rasplodnje se razlikuje u usporedbi s drugim domaćim životinjama. Generacijski interval je relativno dug, jer mužjaci kasno spolno sazrijevaju, a ženke imaju produženu gestaciju u odnosu na ostale domaće preživače. Kamelidi su sezonski poliestrične životinje čija je sezona pod utjecajem raznih čimbenika. Tijekom rasplodne sezone primjećuje se stalan razvoj funkcionalnih folikularnih valova. Ženke imaju induciranu ovulaciju, a ovulacija se inducira parenjem. Jednogrbe deve se smatraju spolno zrelima u dobi od dvije godine, ali su rasplodno zrele u dobi s 3 - 4, a mužjaci u dobi od 4 - 5 godina. Alpake dosegnu spolnu zrelost u dobi od 12 - 14 mjeseci te se mogu pripustiti nakon 18 mjeseci, a mužjaci nakon 2 godine. Spolni ciklus u kamelida traje 2 - 3 tjedna, a estrus od 3 do 4 dana. Tijekom estrusa ženka je sposobna za pripust, odnosno umjetno osjemenjivanje, što pokazuje karakterističnim promjenama u ponašanju i izgledu vanjskih spolnih organa. Parenje se odvija u sjedećem stavu. Svaki ejakulat kamelida je malog volumena, ali velike viskoznosti i sadrži nisku koncentraciju spermija.
Global analysis of the participation of sovereign wealth funds in the stock market
Authors: Gómez-Pavón Durán L.
Published: June 2020

This paper provides an analysis of the overall investment in listed companies made by a sample of 30 sovereign wealth funds. The first part of this paper comprises a theoretical description of sovereign wealth funds, while the second part covers the analysis of the investment made at both the aggregate and individual levels. The results achieved from this analysis lead to the conclusion that Europe, Asia and North America attract more than two-thirds of total investment, with the financial sector being the one that attracts more funds. Another result indicates that more than 80% of total investment in listed companies comes from five sovereign wealth funds. Finally, the results also show that there is a group of sovereign wealth funds from Southeast Asia and the Middle East that have a high concentration and percentage of control over the investments they made, which could be an indicator of strategic positions.
Forecasting stock market trend: a comparison of machine learning algorithms
Authors: Cervelló-Royo R. , Guijarro F.
Published: June 2020

Forecasting the direction of stocks markets has become a popular research topic in recent years. Differentapproaches have been applied by researchers to address the prediction of market trends by consideringtechnical indicators and chart patterns from technical analysis. This paper compares the performanceof four machine learning algorithms to validate the forecasting ability of popular technical indicators inthe technological NASDAQ index. Since the mathematical formulas used in the calculation of technicalindicators comprise historical prices they will be related to the past trend of the market. We assume thatforecasting performance increases when the trend is computed on a longer time horizon. Our resultssuggest that the random forest outperforms the other machine learning algorithms considered in ourresearch, being able to forecast the 10-days ahead market trend, with an average accuracy of 80%.
Robust LPV Control for Attitude Stabilization of a Quadrotor Helicopter under Input Saturations
Authors: Hasseni Seif-El-Islam , Abdou Latifa
Published: June 2020

This article investigates the robust stabilization of the rotational subsystem of a quadrotor against external inputs (disturbances, noises, and parametric uncertainties) by the LFT-based LPV technique. By establishing the LPV attitude model, the LPV robust controller is designed for the system. The weighting functions are computed by Cuckoo Search, a meta-heuristic optimization algorithm. Besides, the input saturations are also taken into account through the Anti-Windup compensation technique. Simulation results show the robustness of the closed-loop system against disturbances, measurement noises, and the parametric uncertainties.
Synthesis of Formation Control Systems for Multi-Agent Systems under Control Gain Perturbations
Authors: Miyakoshi Kazuki , Shun Ito  , Hidetoshi Oya  , Yoshikatsu Hoshi  , Shunya Nagai
Published: June 2020

This paper proposed a linear matrix inequality (LMI)-based design method of non-fragile guaranteed cost controllers for multi-agent systems (MASs) with leader-follower structures. In the guaranteed cost control approach, the resultant controller guarantees an upper bound on the given cost function together with asymptotical stability for the closed-loop system. The proposed non-fragile guaranteed cost control system can achieve consensus for MASs despite control gain perturbations. The goal is to develop an LMI-based sufficient condition for the existence of the proposed non-fragile guaranteed cost controller.  Moreover, a design problem of an optimal non-fragile guaranteed cost controller showe that minimizing an upper bound on the given quadratic cost function can be reduced to constrain a convex optimization problem. Finally, numerical examples were given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed non-fragile controller for MASs.
Optimizing Engine Start Systems with Application to Sailing/Coasting and Mild Hybridization
Authors: Madhusudan Raghavan
Published: June 2020

Engine start systems are key to providing a good customer experience for today’s drivers. Considerable effort goes into ensuring a smooth and quiet engine start, especially in vehicles equipped with start/stop systems. We present two novel mechatronic starters that are designed to improve start quality by enabling faster and quieter engine starts. In the first proposed concept, the traditional alternator is replaced with a motor/generator unit that is capable of exerting positive torque on the engine as needed, in addition to the conventional power generation function. The motor/generator is selectively connected to the crankshaft via a selectable geared or belted connection to enable different operating modes. This starter executes a 400 ms faster start for a typical engine when compared to a conventional 12V starter. We also present a second starter that uses an integrated two-speed gear train to crank the engine. The cranking gear ratio is changed from the initial high ratio to a lower ratio once the engine starts to spin. This ratio change allows the starter motor to continue to operate in a favorable torque-speed zone and push the engine to a higher pre-ignition rpm than a conventional starter, resulting in a quieter, smoother start.

We also present results from incorporating the belted/geared starter concept in vehicles with sailing/coasting mode as well as in mild hybrid propulsion systems. Sailing/coasting mode of operation is enabled by the quick engine re-start capability of this starter allowing seamless switching between fuelled and unfuelled engine operation. Such an operation could reduce fuel consumption by about 3-6% on the NEDC driving cycle, without regenerative braking. One may further hybridize the propulsion system by adding a battery for storing regenerative braking energy. Using such an architecture, a 6-8% fuel economy improvement on the WLTP certification driving cycle may be achieved, depending on voltage and power levels implemented, as well as energy storage systems included.
Diversity of Makrozoobenthos as Bioindicators of the Quality of the Waters in Sibolga
Authors: Ryan Ryan , Schucyan, M.
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT

The waters of sibolga is the waters are very widespread in , this area is densely populated, so there are many community activities that take place such as Transportation, Fisheries, Bathing, sand Mining and other.The purpose of this study is to determine the role of macrozoobenthos as a bioindicator of water quality in the waters of Sibolga  Tapanuli Tengah, as well as determine the quality of water in the flow of the waters Sibolga  physical properties, chemical has. The research was conducted from November 2019 to February 2019, the samples taken from the three research stations. From the results obtained Macrozoobenthos in the identification in this study consisted of 3 Phyla of invertebrates namely : Annelids, which consists of 2 classes, Arthropods consisting of 1 class and Molusca, which consists of 1 class. Based on the data of macrozoobenthos obtained at each research station, then the obtained value of population density, relative density and frequency of presence of that at station I the value of its highest density is Tubifex sp. with the value of the density of the population of 18,519 individual/m2, the density is relatively 25,862% and the frequency of the presence of 55,555%. off at 3. at station 2 the highest density is Tubifex sp. with the value of the density of the population of 18,519 individuals/m2, relative density 25,862% and a frequency of 55,555%. also note that the total score obtained by the method storet, namely -30, this shows that if connected with the raw water quality of class I is then classified in the waters of class III, which means that light polluted. The high total score method storet on the entire research station due to the presence of a variety of activities at each of the stations, settlements, sand mining and other activities. Where these activities produce waste, which in the end increases the content of Phosfat, COD, TSS and BOD5, thus causing the waters of the Waters of Sibolga  is light polluted.

 

Kata kunci : makroozoobentos, Sibolga and bioindikator
Peran Promosi terhadap Tingkat Penjualan Produk Roko Clasmild pada PT. Niaga Nusa Abadi Depo Sukabumi
Authors: Rosanna Wulandari  , Lesmana Agus
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan pada dugaan bahwa terdapat peran promosi terhadap tingkat penjualan produk rokok clasmild, dimana penelitian dilaksankan pada PT. Niaga Nusa Abadi Depo Sukabumi. Alat pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer berupa biaya promosi serta omset di PT. Niaga Nusa Abadi Depo Sukabumi periode tahun 2019.

Hasil analisa terhadap data-data yang terkumpul menunjukan bahwa promosi pada PT. Niaga Nusa Abadi Depo Sukabumi memiliki peranan signifikan terhadap tingkat penjualan. Tingkat penjualan dalam kondisi normal/tetap adalah sebesar 78.581,399 dan apabila biaya promosi meningkat Rp.1.000.000,- maka volume penjualan meningkat sebanyak 107 dus.
Pengaruh Piutang terhadap Likuiditas pada Perusahaan Dagang Pangan Sejahtera Kota Sukabumi
Authors: Purnama Reka Ardian
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini meneliti tentang pengaruh piutang terhadap likuiditas pada PD. Pangan Sejahtera Kota Sukabumi selama 5 tahun, dengan Teknik pengambilan sample menggunakan purposive sampel berupa data laporan keuangan dari tahun 2008 sampai dengan 2012 menggunakan tabel piutang dan likuiditas koperasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan dan pengaruh antara piutang dan likuiditas pada PD. Pangan Sejahtera Kota Sukabumi. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan metode expose the facto, metode pengumpulan data bertujuan untuk menguji hipotesis dengan menggunakan analisis korelasi, determinasi, regresi dan uji hipotesis dengan uji-t. Hasil dari penelitian ini memperlihatkan pengaruh piutang terhadap likuiditas diperlihatkan oleh nilai r = 0.888, artinya piutang memiliki hubungan yang sangat kuat terhadap likuiditas. Sifat hubungannya positif, artinya jika nilai piutang koperasi semakin tinggi maka likuiditas akan semakin tinggi. Sebaliknya jika nilai piutang semakin menurun maka likuiditas akan semakin menurun. Besarnya pengaruh piutang terhadap likuiditas ditunjukan  oleh nilai R Square / Koefisien Determinasi 0.789 atau 78.9% dengan demikian maka piutang memiliki pengaruh sebesar 78.9% terhadap likuiditas koperasi. Uji hipotesis menggunakan uji t, bahwa t hitung = 3.347 sedangkan t tabel = 3.182 artinya t hitung > t tabel. Berarti Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, Terdapat pengaruh antara piutang terhadap likuiditas pada PD. Pangan Sejahtera Kota Sukabumi.
Bolivia
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Published: June 2020

Bolivia has requested a purchase under the RFI to cover the urgent balance of payments need arising from an ongoing shift in its terms of trade, slowdown in capital flows, and sudden increase in health care expenditure needs, precipitated by the COVID-19 epidemic. Staff assess that Bolivia meets the eligibility requirements for the RFI. Public debt is sustainable, and Bolivia has adequate capacity to repay the Fund.
Designing communities in peace: Participatory action-research approaches embedded in regional education in Colombia
Authors: Lopera-Molano Daniel , Lopera-Molano Angela María
Published: June 2020

Gaitania is a rural town located in the Andes mountain range, very close to where the Colombian armed conflict with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) guerrillas began in the mid-1960s. In this context, a situated research and education project was conducted with state, civil and community organisations, including the Agency for the Reincorporation and Normalization of the Colombian Government, coffee producer associations in the south of Tolima, the Nasa Wes’x indigenous community and 150 ex-combatants, as well as teachers and students from the Design Program of the University of Ibagué, Colombia. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how creative (design) work can be organically transformed from the instrumental to one that supports autonomous creative ways of learning.                          

This project established collective reflection–action processes that worked in conjunction with four critical learning objectives, as specified by the Bachelor Design Program. Workshops were conducted for the co-creation of a collective brand of coffee that brought together victims and victimisers in a joint process of reconciliation and memory sharing. Through generation of a special coffee brand called The Third Agreement – which is now being commercialised – memory of the territory’s autonomous peace processes and the community’s self-validation efforts were recovered and developed. Critical skills were also developed in students and communities so that they could understand the implications of producing a design that would capture the market, while also recognising the importance of building transition paths for participants, especially in the contexts of war and peace. The students’ reflections led to the construction of new praxis distinctions, such as plandisposición (planning-disposition),escuchacción (active-action-listening), honest-synthesis and sentipensar-actuar (feeling-thinking-acting), which indicate critical awareness of how design can open possibilities for creating futures in which many worlds co-exist.
When the guns stopped roaring: Acholi ngec ma gwoko lobo
Authors: Monk David , Openjuru George , Odoch Martin , Nono Denis , Ongom Simon
Published: June 2020

This article calls attention to the responsibility of universities to transform, through partnership, the community in which they are embedded. The authors suggest that, to find solutions to the various community challenges and achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), universities need to engage in partnerships of knowledge co-creation with the community in ways that value local knowledge and experience. The article elaborates on the efforts of Gulu University Centre for Community Based Participatory Research and Lifelong Learning, located in Northern Uganda, to show the potential of co-constructing knowledge for community transformation. The centre is part of the Knowledge for Change (K4C) global consortium, which is a growing network for community-based research. The authors share three research stories of community-based research that reflect distinct challenges faced in Northern Uganda and effective community-engaged solutions. Through an exploration of the Acholi ontology and epistemology of interconnection, the authors demonstrate that local communities have the knowledge and experience to define and address local problems.
MAX-DOAS measurements of NO2, SO2, HCHO, and BrO at the Mt. Waliguan WMO GAW global baseline station in the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Ma Jianzhong , Dörner Steffen , Donner Sebastian , Jin Junli , Cheng Siyang , Guo Junrang , Zhang Zhanfeng , Wang Jianqiong , Liu Peng , Zhang Guoqing , Pukite Janis , Lampel Johannes , Wagner Thomas
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Mt. Waliguan Observatory (WLG) is a World Meteorological Organization
(WMO) Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) global baseline station in China. WLG is
located at the northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau (36∘17′ N, 100∘54′ E, 3816 m a.s.l.) and is
representative of the pristine atmosphere over the Eurasian continent. We
made long-term ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption
spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements at WLG during the period 2012–2015. In
this study, we retrieve the differential slant column densities (dSCDs) and
estimate the tropospheric background mixing ratios of different trace gases,
including NO2, SO2, HCHO, and BrO, using the measured spectra at
WLG. Averaging of 10 original spectra is found to be an “optimum option” for
reducing both the statistical error of the spectral retrieval and systematic
errors in the analysis. The dSCDs of NO2, SO2, HCHO, and BrO under
clear-sky and low-aerosol-load conditions are extracted from measured
spectra at different elevation angles at WLG. By performing radiative
transfer simulations with the model TRACY-2, we establish approximate
relationships between the trace gas dSCDs at 1∘ elevation angle
and the corresponding average tropospheric background volume mixing ratios.
Mixing ratios of these trace gases in the lower troposphere over WLG are
estimated to be in a range of about 7 ppt (January) to 100 ppt (May) for
NO2, below 0.5 ppb for SO2, between 0.4 and 0.9 ppb for HCHO, and
lower than 0.3 ppt for BrO. The chemical box model simulations constrained
by the NO2 concentration from our MAX-DOAS measurements show that there
is a little net ozone loss (−0.8 ppb d−1) for the free-tropospheric
conditions and a little net ozone production (0.3 ppb d−1) for the
boundary layer conditions over WLG during summertime. Our study provides
valuable information and data sets for further investigating tropospheric
chemistry in the background atmosphere and its links to anthropogenic
activities.
Quantifying uncertainties of climate signals in chemistry climate models related to the 11-year solar cycle – Part 1: Annual mean response in heating rates, temperature, and ozone
Authors: Kunze Markus , Kruschke Tim , Langematz Ulrike , Sinnhuber Miriam , Reddmann Thomas , Matthes Katja
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Variations in the solar spectral irradiance (SSI) with the 11-year sunspot cycle have been shown to have a significant impact on temperatures and the mixing ratios of atmospheric constituents in the stratosphere and mesosphere.
Uncertainties in modelling the effects of SSI variations arise from uncertainties in the empirical models reconstructing the prescribed SSI data set as well as from uncertainties in the chemistry–climate model (CCM) formulation.
In this study CCM simulations with the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model and the Community Earth System Model 1 (CESM1)–Whole Atmosphere Chemistry Climate Model (WACCM) have been performed to quantify the uncertainties of the solar responses in chemistry and dynamics that are due to the usage of five different SSI data sets or the two CCMs.
We apply a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to separate the influence of the SSI data sets and the CCMs on the variability of the solar response in shortwave heating rates, temperature, and ozone.
The solar response is derived from climatological differences of time slice simulations prescribing SSI for the solar maximum in 1989 and near the solar minimum in 1994. The SSI values for the solar maximum of each SSI data set are created by adding the SSI differences between November 1994 and November 1989 to a common SSI reference spectrum for near-solar-minimum conditions based on ATLAS-3 (Atmospheric Laboratory of Applications and Science-3).
The ANOVA identifies the SSI data set with the strongest influence on the variability of the solar response in shortwave heating rates in the upper mesosphere and in the upper stratosphere–lower mesosphere.
The strongest influence on the variability of the solar response in ozone and temperature is identified in the upper stratosphere–lower mesosphere.
However, in the region of the largest ozone mixing ratio, in the stratosphere from 50 to 10 hPa, the SSI data sets do not contribute much to the variability of the solar response when the Spectral And Total Irradiance REconstructions-T (SATIRE-T) SSI data set is omitted.
The largest influence of the CCMs on variability of the solar responses can be identified in the upper mesosphere. The solar response in the lower stratosphere also depends on the CCM used, especially in the tropics and northern hemispheric subtropics and mid-latitudes, where the model dynamics modulate the solar responses.
Apart from the upper mesosphere, there are also regions where the largest fraction of the variability of the solar response is explained by randomness, especially for the solar response in temperature.
Cereal-legume mixtures increase net CO2 uptake in a forage system of the Eastern Pyrenees
Authors: Ibañez Mercedes , Altimir Núria , Ribas Àngela , Eugster Werner , Sebastià Maria-Teresa
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Forage systems are the major land use, and provide essential resources for animal feeding. Assessing the influence of forage species on net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) is key to develop management strategies that can help to mitigate climate change, while optimizing productivity of these systems. However, little is known about the effect of forage species on CO2 exchange fluxes and net biome production (NBP), considering: species ecophysiological responses; growth and fallow periods separately; and the management associated with the particular sown species. Our study assesses the influence of cereal monocultures vs. cereal legume mixtures on (1) ecosystem scale CO2 fluxes, for the whole crop season and separately for the two periods of growth and fallow; (2) potential sensitivities of CO2 exchange related to short-term variations in light, temperature and soil water content; and (3) NBP during the growth period; this being the first long term (seven years) ecosystem scale CO2 fluxes dataset of an intensively managed forage system in the Pyrenees region. Our results provide strong evidence that cereal-legume mixtures lead to higher net CO2 uptake than cereal monocultures, as a result of higher gross CO2 uptake, while respiratory fluxes did not significantly increase. Also, management associated with cereal legume mixtures favoured vegetation voluntary regrowth during the fallow period, which was decisive for the cumulative net CO2 uptake of the entire crop season. All cereal legume mixtures and some cereal monocultures had a negative NBP (net gain of C) during the growth period, indicating C input to the system, besides the yield. Overall, cereal legume mixtures enhanced net CO2 sink capacity of the forage system, while ensuring productivity and forage quality.
The PROFOUND Database for evaluating vegetation models and simulating climate impacts on European forests
Authors: Reyer Christopher P. O. , Silveyra Gonzalez Ramiro , Dolos Klara , Hartig Florian , Hauf Ylva , Noack Matthias , Lasch-Born Petra , Rötzer Thomas , Pretzsch Hans , Meesenburg Henning , Fleck Stefan , Wagner Markus , Bolte Andreas , Sanders Tanja G. M. , Kolari Pasi , Mäkelä Annikki , Vesala Timo , Mammarella Ivan , Pumpanen Jukka , Collalti Alessio , Trotta Carlo , Matteucci Giorgio , D'Andrea Ettore , Foltýnová Lenka , Krejza Jan , Ibrom Andreas , Pilegaard Kim , Loustau Denis , Bonnefond Jean-Marc , Berbigier Paul , Picart Delphine , Lafont Sébastien , Dietze Michael , Cameron David , Vieno Massimo , Tian Hanqin , Palacios-Orueta Alicia , Cicuendez Victor , Recuero Laura , Wiese Klaus , Büchner Matthias , Lange Stefan , Volkholz Jan , Kim Hyungjun , Horemans Joanna A. , Bohn Friedrich , Steinkamp Jörg , Chikalanov Alexander , Weedon Graham P. , Sheffield Justin , Babst Flurin , Vega del Valle Iliusi , Suckow Felicitas , Martel Simon , Mahnken Mats , Gutsch Martin , Frieler Katja
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Process-based vegetation models are widely used to predict local and global
ecosystem dynamics and climate change impacts. Due to their complexity, they
require careful parameterization and evaluation to ensure that projections
are accurate and reliable. The PROFOUND Database (PROFOUND DB) provides a
wide range of empirical data on European forests to calibrate and evaluate
vegetation models that simulate climate impacts at the forest stand scale. A
particular advantage of this database is its wide coverage of multiple data
sources at different hierarchical and temporal scales, together with
environmental driving data as well as the latest climate scenarios.
Specifically, the PROFOUND DB provides general site descriptions, soil,
climate, CO2, nitrogen deposition, tree and forest stand level, and remote sensing data for nine contrasting forest stands distributed across
Europe. Moreover, for a subset of five sites, time series of carbon fluxes,
atmospheric heat conduction and soil water are also available. The climate
and nitrogen deposition data contain several datasets for the historic
period and a wide range of future climate change scenarios following the
Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, RCP8.5). We
also provide pre-industrial climate simulations that allow for model runs
aimed at disentangling the contribution of climate change to observed forest
productivity changes. The PROFOUND DB is available freely as a “SQLite”
relational database or “ASCII” flat file version (at https://doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2020.006/; Reyer et al., 2020). The data
policies of the individual contributing datasets are provided in the
metadata of each data file. The PROFOUND DB can also be accessed via the
ProfoundData R package (https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ProfoundData; Silveyra
Gonzalez et al., 2020), which provides basic functions to explore, plot and
extract the data for model set-up, calibration and evaluation.
Erosional response of granular material in landscape models
Authors: Reitano Riccardo , Faccenna Claudio , Funiciello Francesca , Corbi Fabio , Willett Sean D.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Tectonics and erosion/sedimentation are the main processes responsible for shaping the earth surface. The link between these processes has strong influence on the evolution of landscapes. One of the tools we have for investigating coupled process models is analogue modeling. Here we contribute to the utility of this tool by presenting laboratory-scaled analogue models of erosion. We explore the erosional response of different materials to imposed boundary conditions, trying to find the composite material that best mimics the behaviour of the natural prototype. The models recreate conditions in which tectonic uplift is no longer active, but there is an imposed fixed slope. On this slope the erosion is triggered by precipitation and gravity, with the formation of channels in valleys and diffusion on hillslope that are function of the analogue material. Using Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and laser-scan correlation technique, we show model evolution and measure sediment discharge rates. We propose three main components of our analogue material (silica powder, glass microbeads and PVC powder) and we investigate how different proportions of these components affect the model evolution and the development of landscapes. We find that silica powder is the main responsible for creating a realistic landscape in laboratory. Furthermore, we find that varying the concentration of silica powder between 40 wt.% and 50 wt.% (with glass microbeads and PVC powder in the range 35–40 wt.% and 15–20 wt.%, respectively) results in metrics and morphologies that are comparable with those from natural prototypes.
Simulation-based comparison of multivariate ensemble post-processing methods
Authors: Lerch Sebastian , Baran Sándor , Möller Annette , Groß Jürgen , Schefzik Roman , Hemri Stephan , Graeter Maximiliane
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Many practical applications of statistical post-processing methods for ensemble weather forecasts require accurate modeling of spatial, temporal, and inter-variable dependencies. Over the past years, a variety of approaches has been proposed to address this need.
We provide a comprehensive review and comparison of state-of-the-art methods for multivariate ensemble post-processing. We focus on generally applicable two-step approaches where ensemble predictions are first post-processed separately in each margin and multivariate dependencies are restored via copula functions in a second step. The comparisons are based on simulation studies tailored to mimic challenges occurring in practical applications and allow ready interpretation of the effects of different types of misspecifications in the mean, variance, and covariance structure of the ensemble forecasts on the performance of the post-processing methods.
Overall, we find that the Schaake shuffle provides a compelling benchmark that is difficult to outperform, whereas the forecast quality of parametric copula approaches and variants of ensemble copula coupling strongly depend on the misspecifications at hand.
Global Positioning System interferometric reflectometry (GPS-IR) measurements of ground surface elevation changes in permafrost areas in northern Canada
Authors: Zhang Jiahua , Liu Lin , Hu Yufeng
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Global Positioning System interferometric reflectometry
(GPS-IR) is a relatively new technique which uses reflected GPS signals to
measure surface elevation changes to study frozen-ground dynamics. At
present, more than 200 GPS stations are operating continuously in the
Northern Hemisphere permafrost areas, which were originally designed and
maintained for tectonic and ionospheric studies. However, only one site in
Utqiaġvik, Alaska (formerly Barrow), was assessed to be usable for studying permafrost by GPS-IR.
Moreover, GPS-IR has high requirements on the ground surface condition, which
needs to be open, flat, and homogeneous. In this study, we screen three major
GPS networks in Canada and identify 12 out of 38 stations located in
permafrost areas as useful ones where reliable GPS-IR measurements can be
obtained. We focus on the five Canadian Active Control System stations and
obtain their daily GPS-IR surface elevation changes. We find that the ground
surface subsided in Alert, Resolute Bay, and Repulse Bay respectively by
0.61±0.04 cm yr−1 (2012–2018), 0.70±0.02 cm yr−1
(2003–2014), and 0.26±0.05 cm yr−1 (2014–2019). At the other
two sites of Baker Lake and Iqaluit, the trends are not statistically
significant. The linear trends of deformation were negatively correlated
with those of thaw indices in Alert, Resolute Bay, and Repulse Bay.
Furthermore, in Resolute Bay, we also find that the end-of-thaw elevations
during 2003–2012 were highly negatively correlated with the square root of
thaw indices. This study is the first one using multiple GPS stations to
study permafrost by GPS-IR. It highlights the multiple useful GPS stations
in northern Canada, offering multi-year, continuous, and daily GPS-IR
surface deformation, which provides new insights into frozen-ground dynamics
at various temporal scales and across a broad region.
Competencies and Quantitative Techniques Possessed by Owners and Managers of SMEs in Uganda
Authors: Rulangaranga Donatus Mugisha , Isoh Alain Vilard Ndi , Ekure Martha Abeja
Published: June 2020

This study was carried out with an intention of establishing the competencies that managers and owners of SMEs possess in Uganda. Alongside that, the researchers also established the quantitative methods that are used in operations of SMEs in Uganda. The motivation of this study was to establish the extent to which owners and managers of SMEs act professionally even when the businesses they operate may not necessarily be formal. This was based on a review of literature indicating that about 90% of SMEs operating in Uganda are informal in nature facing similar challenges of short life span and unprofessional operational activities. Data was collected from 366 SMEs to be able to establish the two key aspects of focus of this study. This represented 95% response rate out of 385 target sample expected to be covered at the beginning of the study. The unit of analysis was a single respondent who was either a manager or owner of a business while the sampling unit was an SME (entity). Findings indicated that despite the informal nature of SMEs in Uganda, they practice some level of professionalism in their operations as judged from the competencies identified and quantitative methods established as possessed and used in SMEs in Uganda.
Architectural Images in Oriental Carpets
Authors: Lozanova Sasha S. , Tasheva Stela Borisova
Published: June 2020

This article focuses on a narrow aspect of the broad thematic field of Oriental rugs: architectural signs and forms, placed in the compositional and the imagery space of the carpets. In popular conventions, the Oriental carpets (depending on their use) are defined as prayer and secular. Although fully considering this fact, the systematization in the article is done with other principles: it follows the types of landscape; architectural and interior motifs used both in ritual and daily items. This article performs an interdisciplinary study combining ethnological, art-historian (textile) and architectural perspectives. The report aims to arrange the types of architectural images in rugs and to highlight their main style and compositional characteristics. Visual variations of carpets are also explored in semantic and artistic perspective. The expected results are in the field of history and theory of traditional applied art; and in the architecture of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Emily Dickinson, Jenny Lind, and Rural Nineteenth-Century Fandom
Authors: Holmes Gerard
Published: June 2020

Although Emily Dickinson's papers were preserved because of her place in literary history, not her musical knowledge, her engagement with music provides an opportunity to consider pre-twentieth-century fandom. New technologies and established social networks enabled fandom for a young rural woman. For this population more than male and urban audiences, fandom carried social danger, involving not only enthusiasm but discernment and even skepticism. The marketing of Jenny Lind's mid-nineteenth-century tour depended on crafting a public image of the singer as virtuous and philanthropic. Dickinson's letter describing a Lind concert in Northampton, Massachusetts, in 1851 critiques this image, transmitted into rural settings by local newspapers. Instead of the enthusiasm of indiscriminate audiences, Dickinson articulates a rurally inflected, judicious, self-selecting “Yankee” fandom.
Blackbirds in the Archive: Genealogy and Media in a Century of Georgian Folk Song
Authors: Fairley Brian
Published: June 2020

This article examines early recordings of Georgian folk music and their use by present-day singers through the dual lens of ethnography and media archaeology. One song in particular, recorded in 1907 and re-created in concert in 2009, demonstrates a complex negotiation between changing ideals of vocal timbre and the desire to be faithful to all aspects of the original recording, even mistakes or idiosyncrasies. Throughout, Anzor Erkomaishvili looms large as a dominant figure: founder of the most famous ensemble in Georgia, archivist in search of old records, and elegiac narrator of a family saga at the heart of Georgian music history.

წინამდებარე სტატია განიხილავს ქართული ხალხური მუსიკის ადრეულ ჩანაწერებს და მათზე აღბეჭდილი სიმღერების შესრულებას თანამედროვე მომღერლების მიერ. საკითხი განხილულია, როგორც ეთნოგრაფიულ, ისე მედია არქეოლოგიურ ჭრილში. ნაშრომში ყურადღება გამახვილებულია 1907 წლის ჩანაწერში აღბეჭდილ სიმღერაზე, რომლის სცენაზე კვლავწარმოების მომსწრე, 2009 წელს გავხდით. აღნიშნული შესრულება, იმ რთულ პროცესს წარმოაჩენს, რომელიც ხმის ტემბრთან დაკავშირებული იდეალების ცვლილებას და პირველწყაროში არსებული ყველა ასპექტის მიმართ ერთგულებას გულისხმობს. შემსრულებლები, პირველწყაროში არსებულ შეცდომებს, ჩანაწერის ხარვეზებსა და სხვა თავისებულებებსაც ითვალისწინებენ.

ანზორ ერქომაიშვილის მოღვაწეობა, საკითხის განხილვისას—ერთგვარ გამადიდებულ შუშას წარმოადგენს. მან დააარსა ყველაზე ცნობილი ანსამბლი საქართველოში; ის გახლავთ ძველი ჩანაწერების მაძიებელი, არქივისტი და ქართული მუსიკის გულში აღმოცენებული ოჯახური საგას ელეგიური მთხრობელი.
Short communication: Laboratory evaluation of nine highbush blueberry cultivars susceptibility to Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) in the Southwestern Spain
Authors: Molina José M. , Avivar Laura , Pérez-Guerrero Sergio
Published: June 2020

Aim of study:  To determine how susceptible the most used Southern highbush blueberry (SHB) cultivars were to the spotted wing Drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) as well as those recently introduced to Southwestern Spain.Area of study: Southwestern Spain (Huelva province).Material and methods: Nine of the SHB cultivars which were recently introduced in Southwestern Spain and the most used ones were selected: ‘Arana’, ‘Camellia’, ‘Kirra’, ‘Mayra’, ‘Misty’, ‘O'Neal’, ‘Sharpblue’, ‘Star’ and ‘Ventura’. In order to determine how susceptible the cultivars were to SWD, no-choice tests were performed under laboratory conditions. In addition, berry size, berry firmness, ºBrix, and pH were recorded in order to assess what influence these variables had on oviposition preference by SWD.Main results: Mean clutch size and mean number of emerged adults in ‘Star’ were significantly higher than in the other tested cultivars. ‘Mayra’, ‘Camellia’ and ‘Ventura’ received the lower clutch sizes and mean number of emerged adults. Mean developmental time (egg to adult) differed significantly among tested cultivars and were highest in ‘Camellia’ than in the other tested cultivars.  Only firmness and pH were correlated with SWD infestation as females tend to oviposit more eggs in softer fruits than in firmer fruits. Results also showed that a higher pH increased the emergence of adults and shortened the egg to adult developmental time.Research highlights: Our results showed significant differences in the susceptibility of SHB to SWD. This information may help design IPM programs and in making recommendations for blueberry crops as planting of low-chill cultivars expands.
A Study of Correlation of TOPS Score with Outcome of Referred Neonates
Authors: Asari Unnati S , Shah Preeti A , Jagiwala Girima P , Patel Roshani M , Kolcha Bhumika A , Patel Pritesh B
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Neonatal transport is a key component of care for neonates who require referral to tertiary care. The aim of the study is to find out correlation of TOPS score with outcome of referred neonates.

Method: A prospective observational study was conducted of 200 extra mural neonates for period of 1 year from August 2012 to September 2013 at general hospital, Ahmadabad. They were assessed for pattern of referral and categorized as critical or stable & TOPS scoring was done by standard statistical method.

Result: Prematurity and its complication (32%), Septicemia (15.5%) and respiratory distress (14%) were commonest morbidity among 200 neonates. Highest referred from private hospital 97(%) and 48(%) neonate were come directly. Ambulance was used only by 38 (19%) and rest by other transport system. Among them 15 were critical. Only 39 (19.5%) newborn referred after prior intimation. Commonest affected parameter of TOPS score was temperature. Among 59 neonate expired, 42 (71.18%) were critical on admission.

Conclusion: Sick newborns should be transferred in equipped vehicles and skilled personnel with pre transport stabilization. Proper implementation of referral sheet and TOPS score will definitely improve outcome of newborns.