bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CFD modelling of airborne virus diffusion characteristics in a negative pressure room with mixed mode ventilation
Authors: Anuraghava Chakka , Abhiram Koppaka , Naveen Sai Reddy Vengalathur , Rajan Harish
Published: May 2021

COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has accounted for huge collateral damage and as the virus is spreading faster and faster this study deals with isolation rooms or negative pressure rooms with 12 or more air changes per hour and maintaining a pressure difference of 2.5 pa which can help in reducing the transmission of the virus from affected to not affected persons. ANSI/ASHRAE/ASHE Standard 170–2008 recommendations are followed for hospital applications, to facilitate effective ventilation. These negative pressure rooms prevent the spread of the contaminated particles to the surroundings and by creating a negative pressure in the room whenever the door is opened the atmospheric air is sucked in and not the one which is present inside the room. The Computational fluid dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the diffusion of airbone virus inside a negative pressure room with mixed mode ventilation system. It was identified that the mixed mode ventilation system is more effective in controlling the spread of virus droplets inside the room
Ultrasonography Grading of Internal Carotid Artery Disease: Multiparametric German Society of Ultrasound in Medicine (DEGUM) versus Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound (SRU) Consensus Criteria
Authors: Winzer Simon , Rickmann Henning , Kitzler Hagen , Abramyuk Andrij , Krogias Christos , Strohm Henning , Barlinn Jessica , Pallesen Lars-Peder , Siepmann Timo , Arnold Sebastian , Moennings Peter , Mudra Harald , Linn Jennifer , Reichmann Heinz , Weiss Norbert , Gahn Georg , Alexandrov Andrei , Puetz Volker , Barlinn Kristian
Published: May 2021

Purpose We sought to determine the diagnostic agreement between the revised ultrasonography approach by the German Society of Ultrasound in Medicine (DEGUM) and the established Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound (SRU) consensus criteria for the grading of carotid artery disease.

Materials and Methods Post-hoc analysis of a prospective multicenter study, in which patients underwent ultrasonography and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of carotid arteries for validation of the DEGUM approach. According to DEGUM and SRU ultrasonography criteria, carotid arteries were independently categorized into clinically relevant NASCET strata (normal, mild [1–49 %], moderate [50–69 %], severe [70–99 %], occlusion). On DSA, carotid artery findings according to NASCET were considered the reference standard.

Results We analyzed 158 ultrasonography and DSA carotid artery pairs. There was substantial agreement between both ultrasonography approaches for severe (κw 0.76, CI95 %: 0.66–0.86), but only fair agreement for moderate (κw 0.38, CI95 %: 0.19–0.58) disease categories. Compared with DSA, both ultrasonography approaches were of equal sensitivity (79.7 % versus 79.7 %; p = 1.0) regarding the identification of severe stenosis, yet the DEGUM approach was more specific than the SRU approach (70.2 % versus 56.4 %, p = 0.0002). There was equality of accuracy parameters (p > 0.05) among both ultrasonography approaches for the other ranges of carotid artery disease.

Conclusion While the sensitivity was equivalent, false-positive identification of severe carotid artery stenosis appears to be more frequent when using the SRU ultrasonography approach than the revised multiparametric DEGUM approach.
Retraction: Analysis of the skills of physics teacher candidates in designing simple Arduino-based physics experiments (J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
1175 012051)
Authors: Candra Yusro Andista , Pratama Hendrik , Wahyuni Maduretno Tri , Nur Hudha Muhammad
Published: May 2021

This article has been retracted by IOP Publishing in light of admission from the authors that this paper includes data and results from [1] without permission or reference.

As a member of the Committee for Publication Ethics (COPE) this has been investigated in accordance with COPE guidelines and it was agreed the article should be retracted. The authors all agree to this retraction.

[1] Seminar Nasional Quantum #25 (2018) 2477-1511 (5pp)

Retraction published: 5 May 2021
Synthesis and Characteristic Study of Composite Zinc Oxide and Functionalized Activated Carbon with Investigation of its Adsorption Ability : A Kinetic Study
Authors: Ismael Hussein A. , Mohammad Eman J. , Atiyah Abbas J. , Kadhim Salih H. , Kahdum Kuhdair J.
Published: May 2021

This work involves preparation of activated carbon (ACs) that is derived from Iraqi zahdy date palm seeds (IZDPS). This ACs then were functionalized using HNO3 as an oxidizing agent to yield functionalized activated carbons (FACs). The obtained FACs then combined with zinc oxide nanoparticles to produce activated carbon/zinc oxide(AC/ZnO). The obtained composites were investigated using different methods such as X-rays diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and specific surface area (BET). The adsorption activity of these materials were conducted by following removal of Celestin blue B (CBB) dye from simulated textile wastewaters. Different reaction conditions were investigated such as pH effect, the effect of both contact time and the mass of the used adsorbent on the efficiency of dye removal. Removal of CBB dye over the suspension was investigated by measuring the absorbance of supernatant liquid at a wavelength of 644 nm. Adsorption isotherms were investigated using both by Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms and the results were more fitted with Langmuir model. The kinetics of adsorption was investigated and the obtained results were fitted with pseudo second order kinetics model.
Survey of hepatitis viruses in blood donor in blood transfusion center in -Al–Diwaniyah
Authors: Abd Frial Gemeel , Sultan Ateeb Naser Bachay , Al-Thahab Azhar Ammran , Hathal Wurudg Alig
Published: May 2021

The present study was done to survey the hepatitis infection in the main blood transfusion center in - Diwaniyah during 2019-2020,the ages of donors were 20-63. The sample of blood were drawn from donors 5ml by vein puncture using disposable syringes and the serum was separated by centrifuged. the detection of Hepatitis B virus and HCV by using HbsAg ELISA kit and Anti HCV antibody for detect hepatitis B and C respectively. The the study was included 27312 donor. The percentage of hepatitis viruses was 0.1% from all donor. The percentage of Hepatitis B and C the percentage of hepatitis B infection from total infection is 70% while, its percentage from all donor about 0.076.Hepatitis C infection 9 infection the percentage 30% while its percentage from all donor about 0.032.

The percentage of Hepatitis B and C from 30 hepatitis infections was 70% and 30% respectively. The age of donor was was divided into five groups as 20-69 years. The percentage of infection was higher in age 40-49 and the percentage was 40 %,while the distribution of infection in age 20-29 and 50-59 was 20% the percentage of infection in age 30-39 was 16.6% and 3.33 in age 60-69 Also the research was studied blood group by agglutination method and found that A group and O group higher than other groups. The conclusion of this study the HBV more common than other and most patients in A groups.
The phenomenon of desertification in Iraq and its environmental impacts on middle and southern Iraq, Babil Governorate, as a model
Authors: Eulewi Hussein K.
Published: May 2021

The exacerbation of the problem of sudden climate changes in Iraq threw its weight on the phenomenon of desertification and the effect, especially on agricultural lands, As desertification rates continued since the eighties of the last century and until now, at an increasing pace, as Iraq suffered from the problem of soil salinity, which is still continuing until now, as well as the manifestations of desert encroachment due to the impact of rapid climate change, especially in the elements of temperature and rain, as this led to the expansion of desertification and encroachment towards agricultural and pastoral lands, so desertification began to worry the international community and attract the interest of researchers in a remarkable way since the 1960s, the early interest in desertification contributed to the crystallization of this concept and the growing interest in it.

The area of sand dunes that we are studying is located in the east of Babil Governorate, with an area estimated at one thousand Iraqi dunams (2500000 square meters). In recent years, the issue of treatment for these dunes has been raised, especially in the year 2010 and beyond, by the Department of Forestry and Desertification of the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture,despite this, there were control operations by the farmers of the region, but on a limited scale. In the year 2014 to 2016 AD we continued work in the region and put forward a set of control operations in the process of stabilizing sand dunes through the cultivation of various crops, including wheat, barley, etc, the process of digging naughty trenches with dimensions of 4 meters, the width of the trench, 3 meters, the depth, and the length depends on the length of the sand dune, as the length of the sand dunes ranged on average between 50-150 meters, as well as planting several types of forest trees that are suitable for the environmental and climatic conditions of the region.

These methods of control in the treatment of sand dunes can have results after a period of time estimated between 5 to 10 years, with good management of the land, either by the farmers of the area or by the concerned departments supervising the control operations, as well as following up the various treatment processes of trenching, planting crops, planting forests and other operations.
Practical Study to Assess Radioactive Radon Gas in Groundwater Samples of Dhi-Qar Governorate
Authors: Marzaali Awsam Abdulsattar , Al-Shareefi Mohammed A. , Abojassim Ali Abid
Published: May 2021

This research focuses on measuring the concentrations of radioactive radon gas (222Rn) in groundwater samples that collected from different places in Dhi-Qar Governorate, using RAD-7 (RAD-7 H2O) detector. Also, annual effective dose (AED) and lifetime cancer risk due to ingestion of 222Rn in samples of present study as drinking water were evaluated. The results show that, 222Rn concentration in Bq/L were ranged from 0.032±0.022 to 0.780±0.110, with an average 0.205±0.04. Also, the range of AED were changed from 0.08 µSv/y to 1.99 µSv/y, with an average 0.52±0.10 µSv/y. While lifetime cancer risk (×10-4) were ranged from 0.003 to 0.077, with an average 0.020±0.004. Accordingly, 222Rn concentrations in samples of present study (as groundwater) was within the permissible limit according to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), as the maximum concentration of radon in the water reached (11.1) Bq/L, but 222Rn concentrations for some samples were higher than the permissible limit for drinking water that equal (0.4 Bq/L) according to WHO2008. Also, The values of AED and lifetime cancer risk in all samples were found lower than the safety limit for the healthy drinking water. So, it may be concluded that groundwater in the Dhi-Qar governorate- Iraq have not environmental impacts For Radioactive Radon Gas on the health of human.
Evaluation of dryness conditions in Babylon governorate Using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI)
Authors: Al-Shujairy Qassim A. T. , Al-Hedny Suhad , Al-Barakat Hanoon
Published: May 2021

Drought is an anomaly from normal climatic conditions, which affects most of the climatic zones worldwide. Drought monitoring is a very crucial step to detect drought vulnerable zones and to raise awareness about the future of development. The present study aimed to investigate the efficiency of drought monitoring indicators: the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) to spatially description of drought conditions of Babylon governorate for the period 1980-2016. On the basis of SPI values, the season 1995-1996 was classified as a rainy season with the highest positive SPI value of 1.83 among 17 wet seasons represented by the positive values of the SPI. The season 2010-2011 was classified as a very drought season with the highest negative SPI value of -2.25 among 14 dry seasons with negative values of the SPI. The results of NDWI showed that the year 2000 was classified as a dry with the highest negative deviation from the average of the period from 2000 to 2016, while 2014 was classified as a wet with the highest positive deviation from the average of the mentioned period. The results confirmed that the use of plant indices was supportive of the meteorological indices in detecting and monitoring the intensity and severity of the effect of the drought. The study established that the intensity and impact of the drought could be extended to the years after the dry year. That confirms the necessity of adopting the condition of moisture in the plant as a sensitive and effective indicator to assess the severity of drought and the extent of negative effects. The integration of satellite and rainfall derived indices has contributed to provide an effective representation of drought conditions in the study area.
Influence of pH, pesticide and radiation interactions on the chemical composition of Chlorella vulgaris algae
Authors: Jabir Taghreed Fakir , Noor Abbood Hameedaa Abd , Salman Furqan Saddam , Hafit Ali Yasser
Published: May 2021

The objective of this study was to stimulate the chemical content (protein, lipids, carbohydrates, gross energy, fatty acid, chlorophyll) of Chlorella vulgaris algae by pH manipulation, acetamiprid, and radiation exposure of Chlorella vulgaris algae. The results showed that the pH, acetamipride and radiation period could negatively affect the biochemical composition of Chlorella vulgaris algae.
Acanthocephaliasis And Sparganosis Occurrence in An Asian Vine Snake (Ahaetulla prasina): A Perspective of Neglected Zoonotic Disease
Authors: Yudhana Aditya , Praja Ratih Novita , Supriyanto Arif
Published: May 2021

Ahaetulla prasina commonly known as asian vine snake frequently kept as exotic pet in Indonesia. Snake also susceptible to various parasitic disease and one of them have zoonotic potential such as sparganosis and acanthocephaliasis. Sparganosis is an infection of humans and animals especially reptiles caused by tapeworms which belonging to the genus Spirometra. Sparganosis and acanthocephaliasis has been reported sporadically in reptiles around the world, with higher cases occurs in several Asian countries including Indonesia even though this disease categorized as neglected zoonotic disease. To our knowledge, sparganosis and acanthocephaliasis infection case has not been reported in this snake species. Therefore, this study aims to report sparganosis and acanthocephaliasis infection in asian vine snake which kept as an exotic pet and moreover provide scientific foundation for preventing sparganosis which include in zoonotic disease among animals and humans. A sudden death snake collected as sample from pet owner which suspected with parasites infection. Necropsy method was performed to investigate the distribution of parasites inside the snake body cavity. Identification of parasite infective stages using Carmine staining and examination under light microscope with a magnification of 40x and 100x. The results of this study found that Ahaetulla prasina was infected with Spirometra and Acanthocephalan parasites. The parasites located within subcutaneous tissues, muscular tissues, and coelom cavity of snake. The muscular tissues had highest intensity of parasites infection compared with subcutaneous tissues and coelom cavity sites. Present report of this finding can potentially contributes not only diagnosing parasitic disease in exotic animals but also proposing prevention program for zoonotic disease in humans worldwide. Moreover, education about neglected parasitic disease with zoonotic potential should take into consideration above this fndings and reports.
Mechanical Properties of Whey Composite Edible Film with the Addition of Clove Essential Oil and Different Types of Plasticizer
Authors: Fahrullah  , Ervandi M , Indrianti M A , Suparwata D O , Yasin I A , Gobel Y A , Mokoolang S , Mokoginta M M
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanical properties of the composite whey edible film with the addition of clove oil and different types of plasticizers. This research was conducted as a laboratory experiment and the variables observed were the mechanical properties of the composite whey edible film. This research was conducted using a Factorial Completely Randomized Design consisting of Factor A (clove oil concentration: 5%; 10% and 15%) and Factor B (a type of plasticizer): sorbitol and polyethylene glycol. The results showed that the percentage value of elongation with the use of clove oil was 46.00-63.01% and the use of plasticizers resulted in 49.56-57.33%. The value of tensile strength using clove oil resulted in 7.76-7.9 N and the use of plasticizers from 7.74-8.05N. WVTR film with the use of clove oil 7,00-7,31 g/m2.day-1 and the use of plasticizer resulted in a value of 7,09-7,16 g/m2.day-1, for the microstructures showed a film surface that still showed oil droplets and no homogenization process but no cracks occurred in the film. Composite whey edible film with the addition of clove oil and a different type of plasticizer can produce good film mechanical properties.
The Effect of Feeding Maggot Fluor (Hermetia illucens) on Fish Feed for Growth of Sangkuriang Catfish (Clarias sp)
Authors: Al Rizki Ridho Budi , Setyaningsih Maryanti , Meitiyani  , Irdalisa
Published: May 2021

One of the problems among breeders is the high need for food. An effort to reduce the cost of catfish feed is to provide maggot flour (Hermetia illucens L.) as a basic material for making food. Our study attempted to measure the effect of maggot flour (Hermetia illucens L.) on the growth of 2 month old Sangkuriang catfish (Clarias sp.). The data were compiled using a completely randomized design technique (CRD) with 4 replications and 6 treatments for catfish, namely the provision of maggot concentrations of 10% (P1), 20% (P2), 30% (P3), 40% (P4), 50% (P5 ), control treatment (without maggot) and calculated using ANOVA. The 50% and 40% maggot percentages provided an increase in all growth parameters. The statistical test at a significant level of 1% showed that feeding maggot flour had a significant effect (P > 0.05) on absolute length and relative length, but had no significant effect on absolute weight, relative weight and feed efficiency ratio. Provision of maggot flour could increase the growth of 2 month old Sangkuriang catfish (Clarias sp.) on growth parameters and provide solutions in reducing feed costs.
The Effects of Probiotics Administration on Silkworms (Tubifex sp) Natural Feed on Groowth of Kancra Fish (Tor soro)
Authors: Mulatsih S. , Hartanti N.U. , Najib A.
Published: May 2021

Kancra fish (Tor soro) is a freshwater fish that has become scarce. This is seen from the decrease of its population in its natural habitat. To anticipate the decline of the kancra fish population. The method used in this research is completely randomized design (CRD) experimental methodology. Based on the results of the research that has been conducted, the administration of diffrent probiotic dosage in natural feed shows the best result in treatment C (probiotic 5%). This proves that the administration of different probiotic doses results in variations where treatment C (probiotic 5%) which has an average grow of 0,150 grams is different from treatment A (probiotic 1%) which has an average growth of 0,087 grams and treatment B (probiotic 3%) which has an average growh of 0.117 grams.
Antibacterial Potential of Nicotiana tabacum L. var Virginia Pyrolysis Extract Against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Fernanda S A , Amru B A , Rahmani H A , Gozan M , Irsyad N S , Bahar M , Puspita O S , Zulfa F , Pramono A
Published: May 2021

Tobacco plants are one of the main trade commodities in Indonesia. At present, the main production of tobacco is cigarettes. However, tobacco has active antibacterial compounds, such as phenols, alkaloids, and essential oils. Therefore, tobacco can be used in the health sector. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the pyrolysis extract ofNicotiana tabacum L. var Virginiain inhibitingStaphylococcus aureus,Enterococcus faecalis,Escherichia coli, andPseudomonas aeruginosa. This study uses a true experimental research design with tobacco extract samples obtained by pyrolysis at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. The antibacterial test carried out was the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) media. One-Way ANOVA test results with p < 0.05 indicate the effectiveness of tobacco pyrolysis extract in inhibitingStaphylococcus aureus,Enterococcus faecalis,Escherichia coli, andPseudomonas aeruginosa. The average yield of inhibition zones found inStaphylococcus aureus,Enterococcus faecalis,Escherichia coli, andPseudomonas aeruginosawere 6.35 mm, 5.9 mm, 3.97 mm, and 5.025 mm. From these results,Staphylococcus aureusbacteria became the most sensitive bacteria with Virginia tobacco pyrolysis extract.
Effect of ammonium chloride and disodium hydrogen phosphate with molasses as a substrate for Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the production of β-glucan
Authors: Puspadewi Ririn , Adirestuti Putranti , Arifin Jesiana Agustine
Published: May 2021

Glucans are a type of polysaccharide found in the cell walls of plants, bacteria and yeasts. β-glucans have various biological activities as antitumour, antioxidant, anticholesterol, antiageing and immune system booster known as an immunomodulator. One of the yeasts that can produce β-glucans is Saccharomyces cerevisiae because most of the cell wall structures contain mannoproteins, β-1,3-glucan, and β-1,6-glucan, which function to strengthen cell structure and as a portion reserve food. This study aims to see the effect of adding ammonium chloride and disodium chloride with molasses as a natural substrate for the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the production of β-glucose. The research stages began with making a growth curve, fermentation process, separation of β-glucan, and qualitative and quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis showed positive results for β-glucan. In quantitative analysis, the highest amount of cell biomass obtained in Formula 4 = (04395 ± 0,1318) mg containing 4% molasses, 2% peptone, 0,2% Ammonium chloride and 0.02% Na2HPO4 and distilled water up to 150 mL with a fermentation time of 72 hours. The addition of ammonium chloride and disodium hydrogen phosphate affected beta-glucan levels after 72 hours of fermentation in Formula 4 = (0,0840 ± 0,0467) %.
Ethanol Extract Emulgel 96% Brokatul Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) as Antioxidant
Authors: Lestari Pramulani Mulya , Supandi  , Nusafitri Mawar
Published: May 2021

Bioactive compounds such as tocopherols, tocotrienols, and gamma oryzanol are contained in rice bran, which is a byproduct of the rice milling process. Gamma oryzanol in bran has high antioxidant activity, hence it can ward off free radicals. Previous studies have shown this antioxidant activity with an IC
50 value of 0.591. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of various concentrations of ethanol extract of 96% brown rice bran in an emulgel preparation. The brown rice bran was extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. Furthermore, it was made in an emulgel preparation with 3 variations in concentration, namely 0.591 (F2); 1 (F3); 1.5 (F4). Determination of antioxidant activity was carried out by the DPPH method and compared with emulgel without extract (F1). The results obtained showed that the F4 extract 1.5% had better activity than the other preparations with an value of 108.3224 µg/mL and AAI 1.4561. Therefore, it can be concluded that the 96% ethanol extract emulgel preparation of brown rice bran has moderate antioxidant activity and its AAI value range falls into the range of strong antioxidant activity.
Assessment of Stranded Marine Debris on Karimunjawa Island
Authors: Ansyari M R , Radjawane I M , Suprijo T , Hanifah F , Tarya A
Published: May 2021

Marine Debris is a common problem in every tourism development area such as the Karimunjawa Islands. In accordance with the title, this study aims to identify the characteristics and density of debris around the Karimunjawa Islands. The method of taking data from this research is using direct-sampling on field observation technique by making transect columns to identify various debris compositions. Debris sampling was taken at four observation points namely Batu Topeng Beach (2 points), Batu Penganten Beach and Cemara Besar Beach. The results of field observation and debris sampling activities which has been done shows that the most common types of stranded marine debris found around the Karimunjawa Islands are plastic, wood, metal, glass and rubber. The highest density level of debris components obtained are the plastic type of debris found at Batu Penganten Beach with the value of density 4,18 plastic debris / m2 which is followed by the density level at Batu Topeng 1 Beach with a density value of 3,93 plastic debris / m2. The lowest level of solid debris density calculated is the type of metal found at Cemara Besar Beach, where the density level only reaches 0,02 metals / m2.
Ants Respon to Air Humadity in Small Islands of Haruku
Authors: Latumahina Fransina , Mardiatmoko Gun
Published: May 2021

The international community is worried about the increasing number of disasters caused by climate change. The main effort is to carry out mitigation and adaptation programs. In this regard, one of the studies that needs to be done is to see ants as bioindicators of climate change. Sampling of ants is carried out by systematic sampling with a path length of 250 m and a width of 20 m as many as 10 lines. Line distance of 30 m. Three methods of taking ants were carried out, namely: (1) Hand Colecting (2) Pitfall trap and (3) Bait trap and preserved in 70% alcohol. The type of ant that has a strong correlation with air temperature and / or soil temperature will be more sensitive to climate change than the type with low correlation. Thus only certain types of ants can be used as bioindicators of climate change. From the results of the inventory of ants, 32 species of ants were obtained as many as 3,110 tails. Of the 32 types of ants, 5 of the most common species were found and the 5 least species were found. The types of ants that are included have a high correlation with soil temperature and air temperature, namely: Cardiocondyla nuda, Myrmicaria brunnea subcarinata, Polyrhachis bellicosa, Myrmoteras binghami and Crematogaster difformis. This type of ant is most rarely found at the study site. Ants that are less correlated with soil temperature and air temperature are: Polyrhachis abdominal, Hypoponera bugnioni, Leptogenys diminuta, Odonthoponera tranversa infuscata and Oecophylla smaragdina subnitide. This type of ant is most easily found in the study location.
Factors related to the incidence of stunting in Nupabomba and Guntarano Villages, Tanantovea District, Donggala Regency
Authors: Hasanudin  , Djaafar Tjitrowati , Saharudin  , Bungawati Andi
Published: May 2021

People with stunting are generally susceptible to disease, have a level of intelligence below normal and have low productivity. The research objective was to determine the factors associated with stunting in children under. This study was an analytic study with a case control approach, the population in this study of all stunting cases in the villages of Nupabomba and Guntarano, Tanantovea District, Donggala Regency as many as 49 toddlers, the sample in this study was divided into two categories, namely the case group and the control group with comparisons. 1: 1. The bivariate test results showed that there was a relationship between the provision of clean water, toilet ownership and the habit of washing hands with soap in Nupabomba and Guntarano Villages, Tanantovea District, Donggala Regency. The factor of clean water supply, latrine ownership and the habit of washing hands with soap have a significant relationship with the incidence of stunting because the p value obtained is less than 0.05. It is hoped that Wani Puskesmas officers and cadres can provide education about the provision of clean water, ownership of a toilet that meets the requirements and the habit of washing hands with soap and can provide additional information about the relationship between sanitation facilities and stunting.
Soy Milk Filter Design Using Dfma Method
Authors: Santosa Irfan , Wilis Galuh Renggani , Mulyadi Urip
Published: May 2021

DFMA technique can be applied throughout the development process, but if it aims to get big profits, DFMA must be able to be applied in the concept of developing and developing prototypes from the design and development process. One DFMA analysis of semi-automatic soy milk filtering equipment can find out the results of semi-automatic soy milk filter analysis.

This research method: planning 2D & 3D design tools, producing, assembling & testing tools, arranging and calculating the influence of Design For Manufacturing & Assembly & Assembly (DFMA) includes assembly time, component costs and production costs.

The assembly of semi-automatic soy milk filter equipment takes 22.45 minutes and in the supporting components and component costs Rp. 3,695,000; - and production costs Rp.85,824, assembly time based on DFMA analysis produces 40% efficiency.
Effect of Differences in Salt Concentration on the Quality of Rebon Shrimp Paste (Acetes Sp) in Tegal District
Authors: Mulyani S , Vestiyati P M , Kusnandar  , Alamsyah H K , Simanjuntak S W
Published: May 2021

Rebon Shrimp Paste (RSP) in Indonesia uses different percentages of salt addition, ranging from 2 to 20% or not at all. This study aims to determine the influence of different salt concentration (5%, 10%, 15% and without salt) on the quality of RSP organoleptic, microbiological and chemical. This research was conducted in Munjung Agung, Tegal and Cirebon Fisheries Product Quality Testing and Application Laboratory. The results showed that the addition of different salt concentration (5%, 10%,15% and without salt) affected the quality of organoleptics, microbiology, and chemistry. Organoleptic quality with salt concentration of 5% and 10% favored panelists with an average value of 6.8 (not yet meeting Indonesian National Standards). The highest water content value is found in RSP that are not added salt (40,19%-43,22%) and lowest at 15% salt concentration (31,12%-34,82%) in accordance with the SNI. E.Coli and Salmonella growth was negative in all four samples and didn’t different materially, according to SNI standard 2716.1:2009. The best increase in salt concentration in the study was 5%, with an average organoleptic value of 6.8 in the coliform contamination sample A2 APM/g < 3, negative E.Coli and Salmonela with a water content value of 39.15.
The Effectiveness of Sludge in the Leaf Fermentation Process
Authors: Astuti Yuni , Syarifudin Syamsul Arifin , Maesyaroh  , Nisa Ranti An
Published: May 2021

Wet leaves that are decomposed with mud can cause the leaf tissue to peel and become transparent. This scientific study aims to determine the effect of various mud media from rivers, ponds and gutters on the flaking of soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaf tissue. This study uses 3 variations of mud taken from river ponds and ditches designed using the RAL design (Complete Randomized Design). Each mud medium in a container was filled with fresh soursop leaves with the leaf criteria of the fourth node of each tree branch. The Kruskal Wallis hypothesis test with a significance level of 0.05 was used in making decisions, which was then continued with the LSD test to determine the difference in effect between treatments. In the calculation of the peeling percentage of leaf tissue, it was found that the river and pond mud soaking media had a percentage of 100% and only 6.9% of the gutter, which means that river and pond mud had good potential as a medium for leaf fermentation. In the immersion photo, it was found that the river mud had more complete stripping of tissue. The exfoliating quality of leaf tissue in this study was influenced by the type of sludge medium and its pH.
The Characteristicts of Yellow Pumpkin Flour That Has Been Processed Using Shard Gourd Method
Authors: Azizah Ida Farikha , Ika Mulawati PN , Ngatinem  , Kuswardani Novi
Published: May 2021

As an alternative innovation for refined flour substitutes, pumpkin needs to be processed into flour which is more durable when stored and practical for further processing. This study aims to determine the chemical composition and morphological characteristics of pumpkin flour that has been processed using the method of shard gourd from pumpkin fruit, and to determine the yield in pumpkin flour processing. The making of pumpkin flour is done by cutting the pumpkin fruit which has been cleaned and separated from the skin and buds. The grated pulp is then cut into small pieces, dried, floured, and sieved in 110 mesh sizes. The yield of pumpkin flour obtained from processing from pumpkin fruit is 5-10%. The chemical composition of pumpkin flour produced has a water content of 6.9%, 22.8% protein content, 1.1% fat content, 5.7% ash content, 47.4% starch content, and 22.1% food fiber content. The chemical composition indicates that pumpkin flour is suitable to be processed into pumpkin sponge which is rich in nutrients and food fiber.
Actualization of local community participation in critical land management in Gorontalo
Authors: Suparwata D O , Rukmana D , Tenriawaru A N , Neswati R
Published: May 2021

Land use regardless of conservation treatments can cause lasting damage to cultivated land. This has resulted in land degradation and serious problems for community management of critical land. The aim of this research is to actualize local community participation in critical land management in Gorontalo. This study used a literature review and observational approach by conducting discussions with the rehabilitation community. Data analysis used descriptive qualitative, by conducting data acquisition including information gathering, reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that: (a) photographing the sustainability of critical land rehabilitation can be initiated by providing a demonstration plot of sample gardens managed using a participatory method. This increases the responsibility and authority of local communities. Types of plants are selected based on community needs in fulfilling their daily needs and associated with traditional ceremonies; (b) brainstorming on community participation shows its attention to planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. In general, the community needs continuous assistance, socialization, and additional rehabilitation funds. The management process prioritizes the “Huyula” tradition, by mobilizing community leaders and the cooperation of various stakeholders in its actualization; and (c) the failure of the project-based rehabilitation idea has resulted in the reality of stagnation and weakening of local community authority. Participation maneuvers decreased dramatically with the restraint of top-down patterns. Therefore, the transformation is carried out by doing integrated management between various government and private sectors. More importantly, the community should be managed in the framework of empowerment, because the nature, uniqueness and characteristics of the community are different, which give rise to various social institutions. In Gorontalo, the huyula spirit and customary series can be a motivator in managing critical land rehabilitation and greening the environment. Therefore, this idea needs to be supported and the formation of academic papers and village regulations that can be binding in the implementation of rehabilitation.
The Effect of Adding Kepok Banana Peels (Musa paradisiaca) to Powder Media on the Growth of White Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus)
Authors: Risnawati Riris , Meitiyani  , Susilo
Published: May 2021

This study aims to see the effect of Kepok banana peel on the growth of white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). The research was conducted in the white oyster mushroom kumbung Sawangan, Depok between February and July 2018. The research method used was an experimental method with a research design using a completely randomized design (CRD). The study was conducted by giving 6 treatments and five replications where there were 3 parameters used, namely fresh weight, dry weight and number of oyster mushroom fruit bodies. The treatments referred to were treatment A (control), B (1 gram of Kepok banana peels), C (3 grams of Kepok banana peels), D (5 grams of Kepok banana peels), E (7 grams of Kepok banana peels), and F (9 grams of banana peel kepok). The results showed that the growth of white oyster mushrooms with D treatment had the most effect on mushroom weight and dry weight with an average of 62.38 grams and 6.35 grams. Whereas the number of fruiting bodies that had the most influence on treatment F was 16.9 grams. The results of the analysis of variance of one white oyster mushroom growth factor on the fresh weight parameter shows that Fhitung(9.46) > Ftable(0,01) (3.90). This means that oyster growth was very significant and the dry weight parameter indicates that Fhitung( 2.79) > Ftable(0,05) (2.62), which indicates that the growth of oyster mushrooms was significant. The parameter of the number of fruiting bodies showed that Fhitung(5.06) > Ftable(0,01) (3.90), which indicates that the oyster mushroom growth was significant. This proves that offering Kepok banana peels affects the growth of white oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus).
Traditional Medicinal Plants in Bima Communities: A Bacterial Activities Test and Phytochemicals
Authors: Azmin N , Nasir M , Hartati H , Ariyansyah A , Fahruddin F
Published: May 2021

The use of medicinal plants in Bima communities has been widely practiced for a long time by parents and ancestors, however, this was usually not based on scientific understanding of the chemical contents in those medical plants. Consequently, in determining the standard amount of dosage relies on experience and hereditary habits. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial and phytochemical activity test of traditional medicinal plants in Bima community. Samples of medicinal plants used were Muntingia calabura, Phyllanthus urinaria, Ageratum conyzoides, Manilkara zapota and Momordica charantia. The results indicate that Muntingia calabura and Ageratum conyzoides contain alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, trpenoids, saponins and tannins with concentrations of 20.40 and 60 ml which have the ability to inhibit the activity of Staphylococcus aureus by producing an inhibitory zone that is classified as a very well with an average radius of the inhibition zone 14.47 ± 0.40 mm. Whilst, the phytochemical test result of medicinal plant extracts show that 4 plant samples contain flavonoid compounds, 1 sample does not contain flavonoids, 4 samples contain alkaloid compounds, 5 samples contain steroid compounds and terpenoids, 4 samples contain saponin compounds, and 1 sample does not contain saponins.
Education of Waste Management Based on Zero Waste in Kendal District (Case Study: Waste Recycling Craft Community (Kerdus), Kendal District, Central Java)
Authors: Hidayati Nanik , Hajar Neli , Setiyanto Feri
Published: May 2021

Garbage is a global problem that should be handled properly from the source to cut off the flow of waste. Therefore, it is necessary to educate the public about the importance of protecting the biosphere from waste and the application of an environmentally friendly lifestyle. The focus of this research is on the KerDUS Community of Kendal Regency as a community of environmental care volunteers who educate plastics, the environment, and ecobricks, as well as environmentally friendly lifestyles. This research is qualitative phenomenological research that reflects the activities of the KerDUS Community as a community that has succeeded in educating the people of Kendal Regency and its surroundings in reducing waste. Data comes from primary and secondary sources collected from interviews, participatory observation, documentation, and questionnaires. The results showed 76% of the training participants had implemented the 3R (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) in their daily life both at home and outside the home. Offline workshop with snacks from environmentally friendly food and bring your own tumbler as a drinking place. Many participants have locked their plastic in an ecobrick to make it an environmentally friendly product that can be assembled and assembled.
Impacts and Adaptation Strategies on Climate Variability and Change of Coastal Communities along Banate Bay
Authors: Johnny B , Dolor Ed
Published: May 2021

People living in the coastal communities are first and foremost vulnerable to climate change, both socio-economically and environmentally. This paper discusses the adaptation strategies used by the local people of Banate Bay in combating the impacts of climate variability and change. A questionnaire was constructed and administered to the residents of the different communities along Banate Bay. Results showed that majority of the respondents are males, aged 30-40 years, married with no education, with less than five family members with the income of less than P50, 000 per annum and have stayed in the community for ten years but less than 20 years. In terms of respondents’ perceptions on climate variability and change, all categories are rated and interpreted as strongly agree, which means that the respondents are knowledgeable and aware of the situation in relation to climate change and variability. On the causes of climate change variability and change the respondents were highly aware; this indicates that the respondents are knowledgeable of the causes of climate variability and change. Further, the study implies that people living in the coastal areas of Banate Bay are aware of the impacts of climate variability and change. The residents are highly aware of the adaptation strategies which will make them resilient to climate variability and change.
Impact of Weather and Climate on Diarrhea Incidence : A review
Authors: Malik Idham , Anjayati Sri , Musdhalifa Pipit , Binti Dwiana , Tosepu Ramadhan
Published: May 2021

Globally, diarrhea has become the cause of death for more than 1.31 million people worldwide. Likewise for developing countries, diarrhea is a cause of mortality and morbidity. Direct or indirect incidence of diarrhea. can be caused by climate change itself. With diarrheal disease itself as a health problem that must be watched out, because every incidence of diarrhea will be a cause of morbidity and mortality not only in developing countries but throughout the world, with such cultivation, climate change also increases the likelihood of an increase in the incidence of diarrhea disease. The method used is a systematic review. This article includes a combination of the terms and keywords “climate and diarrhea”, “Weather and diarrhea”. The review results from the available journals show that there is a significant relationship between weather and climate with the distribution of diarrheal disease. The results of tracing through journal reviews show that weather or climate change is a triggering factor in the incidence of diarrhea, the role of climate change on the distribution and transmission of diarrheal disease provides insight into this relationship as well as interventions that can be taken to take preventive measures. The conclusion presented is that countries in the world, especially developing countries, must prepare measures to prevent diarrhea that occurs seasonally as a result of climate change and prepare health information to control the incidence of diarrhea around the world.
Pulsars hint at cosmic gravitational-wave background
Authors: Johnston Hamish
Published: May 2021

The observation of tiny deviations in the arrival times of radio pulses from neutron stars could be our first glimpse at gravitational waves from merging supermassive black holes.
Dark-coated Starlink satellites better but not perfect, say astronomers
Authors: James Chaneil
Published: May 2021

An anti-reflective coating applied to some newer satellites in SpaceX’s Starlink constellation reduces their overall reflectivity by half but is less effective at certain wavelengths
Depth beats breadth
Authors: Hare Helen
Published: May 2021

In response to Nikki Bell’s Forum article “Why breadth beats depth” (p19) in which she says that subject-matter experts do not necessarily make the best teachers, and that having broader knowledge of the sciences is often more useful while communicating with students.
Quantum sensing the brain
Authors: Coleman Hannah , Brookes Matt
Published: May 2021

Novel technology in healthcare based on fundamental physics saves millions of lives every year but while these machines have revolutionized medicine, the next generation must meet even greater challenges. Hannah Coleman and Matt Brookes are hoping that the University of Nottingham’s new quantum-enabled MEG scanner will herald a new dawn in the study of human brain function
Rudiments of reality
Authors: Ball Philip
Published: May 2021

Philip Ball reviews Fundamentals: Ten Keys to Reality by Frank Wilczek
Building a quantum-powered future
Authors: Commissariat Tushna
Published: May 2021

Quantum physicist and chief executive of Oxford Quantum Circuits llana Wisby talks to Tushna Commissariat about deep tech, entrepreneurship and quantum technologies of the future
Vectorizing Green’s identities
Authors: Yuffa Alex J
Published: May 2021

Green’s theorem and Green’s identities are well-known and their uses span almost every branch of science and mathematics. In this paper, we derive a vector analogue of Green’s three scalar identities and consider some of their uses. We also offer a number of historical tidbits in connection to the work of George Green.
Targeted suppression of failure spreading in multistable oscillator networks
Authors: Wassmer Jonas , Witthaut Dirk , Kaiser Franz
Published: May 2021

Fluctuations and damages crucially determine the operation and stability of networked systems across disciplines, from electrical powergrids, to vascular networks or neuronal networks. Local changes in the underlying dynamics may affect the whole network and, in the worst case, cause a total collapse of the system through a cascading failure. It has been demonstrated that certain subgraphs can reduce failure spreading drastically, or even inhibit it completely. However, this shielding effect is poorly understood for non-linear dynamical models. Here, we study the effect of perturbations in networks of oscillators coupled via the Kuramoto model. We demonstrate how the network structure can be optimised for suppressing specific, targeted fluctuations at a desired operational state while letting others pass. We illustrate our approach by demonstrating that a significant reduction in time-dependent fluctuations may be achieved by optimising the edge weights. Finally, we demonstrate how to apply the developed method to real-world supply networks such as power grids. Our findings reveal that a targeted shielding of specific solutions in multistable systems is possible which may be applied to make supply networks more robust.
Representations induced from cuspidal and ladder representations of classical 𝑝-adic groups
Authors: Bošnjak Barbara
Published: May 2021

Let

G
n

G_n

denote either the group

S
p
(
2
n
,
F
)

Sp(2n, F)

or

S
O
(
2
n
+
1
,
F
)

SO(2n+1, F)

over a non-archimedean local field

F
F

. We determine the composition series of representations of

G
n

G_n

induced from cuspidal and ladder representations such that the minimal exponent in the cuspidal support of the ladder representation is greater than or equal to

1
2

\frac {1}{2}

.