bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cantor: A Novel Dynamic Source‐Grid‐Load‐Storage Dispatching Model for Multiple Objectives in a Regional‐Level Power System
Authors: Du Haizhou , Guo Xiaohan
Published: November 2024

The alignment of the real‐time power supply–demand side becomes a crucial issue in the regional‐level power system due to the growing complexity of source‐grid‐load‐storage scenarios. However, traditional dispatching schemes with inflexible time points are hardly adaptive to the unpredictability of renewable energy generation and multiple‐type load demands. To address this issue, we propose Cantor, a novel dynamic source‐gird‐load‐storage dispatching model for multiple objectives in a regional‐level power system. Cantor incorporates two techniques: (1) An identification algorithm of dispatching time points (IDTP) is designed to satisfy the requirement of power supply–demand alignment dynamically. (2) The latest Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient decision algorithm is improved to calculate optimal dispatching results in different IDTPs. Furthermore, our case studies highlight Cantor's effective adaptation to complex scenarios in a regional‐level power system dispatching, outperforming state‐of‐the‐art models in power supply reliability, environmental protection, and economic costs, as well as model‐solving efficiency. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Pharmaceutical Waste Disposal Practices in Volta Regional Pharmacies
Authors: Essilfie‐Essel Gabriel K. N. , Wiafe Ebenezer , Mensah Kofi Boamah , Korbuvi John K. A. , Nyoagbe Joseph K. N. , Bangalee Varsha
Published: November 2024

Appropriate disposal of pharmaceutical waste (PCW) is necessary to avoid potential risks and harm to the environment. Globally, there is extensive literature on the disposal practices of households and hospitals. However, literature on the disposal practices by pharmacies in Ghana is scanty, particularly in the study setting, the Volta Region of Ghana. This study (i) investigated the methods of PCW disposal, (ii) assessed the awareness and compliance of pharmacies with the disposal guidelines of the Food and Drugs Authority (FDA), and (iii) evaluated the impact of the years of existence and category of community pharmacies on compliance with FDA guidelines. A prospective cross‐sectional study design was used. Trained data collectors sampled all 81 registered pharmacies in the Volta Region. Questionnaires used were adapted from tools used in previous published studies. Descriptive data were presented in tables, and associations were measured with chi‐square tests. Statistical tests were set at 95% confidence intervals and p values set at 5% significance. Seventy‐four pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Disposal through the FDA was the commonest method for all categories of dosage forms surveyed. The second most common method of disposal for all categories of dosage forms was by returning to parent companies. The majority of pharmacists (93.2%) were aware of the FDA (Ghana) disposal guidelines. However, 35.1% of pharmacies complied, 45.9% did not comply, and 2.7% were partially compliant. The type or category of pharmacy was not associated with compliance with disposal guidelines (p value = 0.889). However, the years of existence of pharmacies were associated with compliance with disposal guidelines (p value = 0.008). Although pharmacists in the Volta Region are aware of the PCW disposal guidelines of the FDA (Ghana), regardless of their years of experience and the type/category of community pharmacy they operate, they do not comply with these guidelines.
Impacts of informant replacement in two industry‐sponsored Alzheimer's disease clinical trials
Authors: Nishida Mikaela K. , Nuño Michelle M. , Grill Joshua D. , Gillen Daniel L.
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION

In Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials, participants must enroll with a study partner informant who completes validated study instruments. We hypothesized that mid‐trial informant replacement impacts study data in industry‐sponsored trials.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective analysis of two industry‐sponsored AD clinical trials testing semagacestat in mild‐to‐moderate AD dementia. We assessed the relationships between informant replacement and Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study Activities of Daily Living (ADCS‐ADL) scores. Using generalized estimating equations, we assessed bias and variability using mean (bias) and mean absolute (variance) change in ADCS‐ADL between successive visits as outcomes. Both models adjusted for a priori–specified potential confounding variables including participant sex, age, informant type, trial, time, previous ADCS‐ADL score, and region. To analyze the impact on end‐of‐study change‐from‐baseline results, we used an analysis of covariance model to estimate the association between replacement and end‐of‐study change‐from‐baseline in ADCS‐ADL, in which we adjusted for participant sex, age, informant type, trial, baseline measurement, and region. We conducted an F‐test to compare the variances of this change.

RESULTS

Among N = 2637 randomized participants, 69 participants (2.6%) experienced 78 occurrences of replacement. For visits standardized to be 3 months apart, the difference in mean between‐visit change in ADCS‐ADL was approximately −1.61 points (95% confidence interval [CI]: −3.79, 0.57; P = 0.147), comparing participants who experienced replacement to similar participants who had stable informants. The difference in the mean between‐visit absolute change was approximately 2.02 points (95% CI: 0.34, 3.70; P = 0.019). We did not estimate a statistically significant difference in end‐of‐study change‐from‐baseline (Est. = −0.70 points; 95% CI: −5.88, 4.48; P = 0.790) or a significant ratio of variances (Est. = 1.13; 95% CI: 0.67, 2.28; P = 0.600) for participants with replacement compared to those with stable informants.

DISCUSSION

Informant replacement was associated with increased between‐visit variability but had limited impact on overall trial outcomes.

Highlights

Informant replacement occurred in 2.6% of participants in these industry trials.

Informant replacement was associated with increased variance in acute Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study Activities of Daily Living reporting.

Informant replacement had a limited impact on overall change‐from‐baseline outcomes.
An environmental scan of equity‐related measures for the certified nursing assistant dementia care workforce
Authors: Travers Jasmine L. , Shenoy Shivani , Tague‐LaCrone Julia , Leger Hillary
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION

Certified nursing assistants (CNAs) constitute the largest segment of the nursing home workforce, with over 50% of the dementia care workforce comprised of racial and ethnic minoritized individuals. Despite their critical role in dementia care, CNAs face significant inequities in terms of salary, treatment, and working conditions. To enhance equity and improve working conditions, valid and reliable measures are essential for nursing homes to assess their current environment, track progress, and refine strategies. This paper synthesizes existing measures and tools that assess equity‐related constructs among CNAs.

METHODS

We conducted an environmental scan to identify existing measures, tools, and instruments assessing equity‐related constructs among CNAs in nursing homes. Our search focused on nine key equity‐related constructs: training, job satisfaction, compensation, staffing/workload, burnout, working conditions/environment, role, leadership, and turnover.

RESULTS

Our environmental scan resulted in 15 measures, tools, or instruments relevant to CNA equity. These instruments focused on job satisfaction, retention and turnover, job commitment, leadership experiences, and work environment. Sixty percent of these tools lacked reported validity or reliability data. While the remaining 40% demonstrated strong psychometric properties, overall, the methodological rigor of available measures is inconsistent. A critical gap in the existing literature is the absence of tools measuring burnout or workload, among CNAs.

DISCUSSION

The identified measures/tools offer potential for evaluating the effectiveness of interventions addressing CNA equity. However, it is imperative to establish the validity and reliability of these instruments across diverse populations, particularly among racial and ethnic minoritized groups, and develop or adapt tools that measure burnout and workload for CNAs. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving these inequities through qualitative data is crucial for developing targeted and impactful interventions.

Highlights

Measuring equity among CNAs is important to evaluate strategies intended to improve equity.

The identified tools enable assessment of how CNAs feel about important constructs that are related to equity.

We found no tools that comprehensively measured workload or burnout  experienced by CNAs.
Adaptive measurement of cognitive function based on multidimensional item response theory
Authors: Gibbons Robert D. , Lauderdale Diane S. , Wilson Robert S. , Bennett David A. , Arar Tesnim , Gallo David A.
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION

Up to 20% of older adults in the United States have mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and about one‐third of people with MCI are predicted to transition to Alzheimer's disease (AD) within 5 years. Standard cognitive assessments are long and require a trained technician to administer. We developed the first computerized adaptive test (CAT) based on multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) to more precisely, rapidly, and repeatedly assesses cognitive abilities across the adult lifespan. We present results for a prototype CAT (pCAT‐COG) for assessment of global cognitive function.

METHODS

We sampled items across five cognitive domains central to neuropsychological testing (episodic memory [EM], semantic memory/language [SM], working memory [WM], executive function/flexible thinking, and processing speed [PS]). The item bank consists of 54 items, with 9 items of varying difficulty drawn from six different cognitive tasks. Each of the 54 items has 3 response trials, yielding an ordinal score (0–3 trials correct). We also include three long‐term memory items not designed for adaptive administration, for a total bank of 57 items. Calibration data were collected in‐person and online, calibrated using a bifactor MIRT model, and pCAT‐COG scores validated against a technician‐administered neuropsychological battery.

RESULTS

The bifactor MIRT model improved fit over a unidimensional IRT model (p < 0.0001). The global pCAT‐COG scores were inversely correlated with age (r = –0.44, p < 0.0001). Simulated adaptive administration of 11 items maintained a correlation of r = 0.94 with the total item bank scores. Significant differences between mild and no cognitive impairment (NCI) were found (effect size of 1.08 SD units). The pCAT‐COG correlated with clinician‐based global measure (r = 0.64).

DISCUSSION

MIRT‐based CAT is feasible and valid for the assessment of global cognitive impairment, laying the foundation for the development of a full CAT‐COG that will draw from a much larger item bank with both global and domain specific measures of cognitive impairment.

Highlights

As Americans age, numbers at risk for developing cognitive impairment are increasing.

Aging‐related declines in cognition begins decades prior to the onset of obvious cognitive impairment.

Traditional assessment is burdensome and requires trained clinicians.

We developed an adaptive testing framework using multidimensional item response theory.

It is comparable to lengthier in‐person assessments that require trained psychometrists.
The cumulative risk and severity of postoperative complications in patients with frailty undergoing major emergency abdominal surgery—A prospective cohort study
Authors: Snitkjær Christian , Jensen Thomas K. , Kokotovic Dunja , Burcharth Jakob
Published: November 2024

Background

Major emergency abdominal surgery (MEAS) has high morbidity and mortality rates. With an aging and frail population, understanding the impact of frailty on postoperative complications is crucial.

Methods

This prospective cohort study was conducted at a major university hospital in Denmark from October 1, 2020, to January 1, 2024. A total of 733 patients undergoing MEAS were assessed for frailty using the clinical frailty scale (CFS) at admission and grouped into low (CFS 1–3), moderate (CFS 4–6), and high (CFS 7–9) frailty categories. Postoperative complications were classified by the Clavien–Dindo score and comprehensive complication index (CCI) until discharge.

Results

Patients with CFS one to three had 140 complications per 100 patients, CFS four to six had 267 complications per 100 patients, and CFS seven to nine had 297 complications per 100 patients (p < 0.001). Increased frailty was associated with higher severity of complications (Clavien–Dindo score). Median CCI scores were 8.7 (CFS 1–3), 29.6 (CFS 4–6), and 38.2 (CFS 7–9) (p < 0.001). The cumulative risk of complications was higher in patients with CFS four to six and seven to nine.

Conclusion

Higher frailty scores correlate with an increased number and severity of complications as well as a greater overall burden of postoperative complications. The clinical frailty scale is effective for preoperative identification of high‐risk patients.

Trial registration: The study was approved by the Capital Region of Denmark (P‐2020‐1166 and R‐21038079) and the Danish Data Protection Agency (P‐2021‐431).
Freytag's dramatic structure: Reflections on designing and delivering impactful trainings
Authors: Kelly‐Quattrocchi DJ , Kutten Sarah , Kroll Jonathan , Salinas Miguel
Published: November 2024

While many student leadership educators facilitate trainings, research has shown most never actually learn how to design and deliver impactful experiences. This article provides a proven framework for consistently designing and delivering high‐impact, high‐engagement, and high‐enjoyment trainings that leverage experiential learning and reflective dialogue. The “Training Story” method is based on the dramatic structure introduced by German playwright Gustav Freytag (1895). In this article, we share the “Training Story” approach while illuminating promising practices for leadership educators that encourage infusing this model into their training and facilitation regimen.
Foundations of reflection in leadership training
Authors: Burns Joshua , Volpe‐White Jillian , Watkins Sally R.
Published: November 2024

Experiential learning and reflective dialogue are essential components of leadership learning. When leadership educators incorporate these practices into leadership training, they provide opportunities for leadership learners to develop foundational knowledge and skills for engaging in the leadership process. To effectively facilitate leadership trainings, educators should practice approaches to reflection, consider their identities, become comfortable with holding space, and engage in metacognitive reflection.
The Atheist ‘Converts’
Authors: Laws Ben
Published: November 2024

Chapter 3 delves into the assimilation between religious conversion cases and nonreligion cases, where nonbelievers are often referred to as ‘converts’ despite not converting to any religion. It explores how nonreligious cases are awkwardly processed using templates meant for religious conversions, revealing the underlying cultural assumptions and biases. The chapter questions the legitimacy of such practices and examines the hierarchy of religion and belief in the asylum process. By critiquing the existing framework, it points towards the need for a more nuanced understanding and treatment of nonreligious claims.
Fusing photons into nothing, a new search for invisible ALPs and Dark Matter at Belle II
Authors: Acanfora Francesca , Franceschini Roberto , Mastroddi Alessio , Redigolo Diego
Published: November 2024

Abstract

We consider an axion-like particle coupled to the Standard Model photons and decaying invisibly at Belle II. We propose a new search in the e+e− + invisible channel that we compare against the standard γ + invisible channel. We find that the e+e− + invisible channel has the potential to ameliorate the reach for the whole ALP mass range. This search leverages dedicated kinematic variables which significantly suppress the Standard Model background. We explore the implications of our expected reach for Dark Matter freeze-out through ALP-mediated annihilations.
Rage against the authority machines: how to design artificial moral advisors for moral enhancement
Authors: Landes Ethan , Voinea Cristina , Uszkai Radu
Published: November 2024

This paper aims to clear up the epistemology of learning morality from artificial moral advisors (AMAs). We start with a brief consideration of what counts as moral enhancement and consider the risk of deskilling raised by machines that offer moral advice. We then shift focus to the epistemology of moral advice and show when and under what conditions moral advice can lead to enhancement. We argue that people’s motivational dispositions are enhanced by inspiring people to act morally, instead of merely telling them how to act. Drawing upon these insights, we claim that if AMAs are to genuinely enhance people morally, they should be designed as inspiration and not authority machines. In the final section, we evaluate existing AMA models to shed light on which holds the most promise for helping to make users better moral agents.
Investigation of flow characteristics of various-aspect-ratio rectangular nozzles with an aft deck
Authors: Chen W.-L. , Huang W.-H. , Lai W.-H.
Published: November 2024

This study presents an experimental and numerical investigation to characterize the plume pattern of a high-aspect-ratio rectangular convergent/divergent nozzle with an aft deck in under-expanded conditions. The function of an aft deck is to shield the infrared signal of an exhaust plume at its strongest intensity located at the immediate downstream region of the nozzle exit. However, this practice may cause undesirable plume deflection, which needs to be reduced as much as possible. The nozzle pressure ratios ranged from 2 to 4, and the effect of the nozzle exit aspect ratio was examined using wall static pressure measurements and schlieren visualization for cold flows. The experimental setup involved a 3D-printed aft deck nozzle made of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene material, which underwent surface smoothing using acetone vapor. Numerical simulations were conducted using the commercial STARCCM$$^{\mathrm {+}}$$

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software to analyze static pressure ratio variations at the aft deck. The investigation revealed that a nozzle pressure ratio of 3 induced a downward plume deflection at aspect ratio values of 6.77 and 7.54, while an increased aspect ratio of 8.35 resulted in the horizontal ejection of the plume. Moreover, at an aspect ratio of 8.35, the plume was ejected horizontally for nozzle pressure ratios ranging from 2 to 4. At a nozzle pressure ratio of 4, the flow separated from the deck without reattaching, and the plume moved horizontally with minimal deflection. The findings suggest that a combination of a high aspect ratio and sufficiently high nozzle pressure ratio can effectively reduce plume deflection.
Finite diffeomorphism theorem for manifolds with lower Ricci curvature and bounded energy
Authors: Jiang Wenshuai , Wei Guofang
Published: November 2024

In this paper we prove that the space $$\mathcal {M}(n,\textrm{v},D,\Lambda ):=\{(M^n,g) \text { closed }: ~~\textrm{Ric}\ge -(n-1),~\textrm{Vol}(M)\ge \textrm{v}>0, \text {diam}(M)\le D \text { and } \int _{M}|\textrm{Rm}|^{n/2}\le \Lambda \}$$

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many diffeomorphism types. This removes the upper Ricci curvature bound of Anderson-Cheeger’s finite diffeomorphism theorem in Anderson and Cheeger (Geom Funct Anal 1(3):231–252, 1991). Furthermore, if M is Kähler surface, the Riemann curvature $$L^2$$

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Modulating the tumor microenvironment in a mouse model of colon cancer using a combination of HIF-1α inhibitors and Toll-Like Receptor 7 agonists
Authors: Rostamizadeh Leila , Ramezani Mina , Monirinasab Hannaneh , Rostamizadeh Kobra , Sabzichi Mehdi , Bahavarnia Seied Rafi , Osouli-Bostanabad Karim , Ramezani Fatemeh , Molavi Ommoleila
Published: November 2024

The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in the response to various anticancer therapies, such as immune and chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, the synergistic effects of gene-targeting HIF-1α siRNA combined with Toll-Like Receptor 7 agonist on TME remodeling were investigated in a mouse model of colorectal cancer (CRC). A HIF-1α-specific siRNA duplex was formulated based on the ionic gelation of tripolyphosphate (TPP) with cationic chitosan (CH) as a nanoplex and evaluated in terms of size, charge, polydispersity index and gel retardation assay. MTT assay was conducted to assess the cytotoxicity of the specific siRNA duplex against CT26 cells. Hypoxic condition was generated to evaluate the gene and protein expression levels of HIF-1α, respectively. CT26 mouse model was established to assess the synergistic effect of silencing HIF-1α combined with oxaliplatin (OXA) and imiquimod (IMQ) on tumor growth. The mean diameter of the CH/siRNA nanoparticles was 243 ± 6 nm, as confirmed with Micrograph scanning electron microscope. There were no significant differences observed between the CT26 cells treated with nanoparticles alone and the untreated cells, indicating that these nanoparticles are safe and physiologically biocompatible (p ≥ 0.05). Triple combination therapy involving HIF-1α siRNA, OXA, and IMQ significantly retarded tumor growth and led to elevated levels of cytokines linked to cellular immunity (INF-γ and IL-12) compared with those in the other groups (P < 0.05). The positive correlation coefficient (r = 0.68) between tumor size and HIF-1α expression levels was statistically significant (P = 0.003). Compared with those in the control group, the expression levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-4 significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings suggest that inhibiting HIF-1α could serve as a rational strategy to enhance the antitumor response in the TME.
Reliable diagnosis of nigrostriatal degeneration by dopamine transporter SPECT despite drug interaction with venlafaxine or bupropion
Authors: Apostolova Ivayla , Hellwig Sabine , Karimzadeh Amir , Klutmann Susanne , Meyer Philipp T. , Buchert Ralph
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study examined the impact of venlafaxine and bupropion on the detection of nigrostriatal degeneration by dopamine transporter (DAT)-SPECT.

Methods

43 patients (70.7 ± 8.6y, 44% female) with [123I]FP-CIT-SPECT under venlafaxine (n = 26, 37.5-225 mg/d), bupropion (n = 16, 150 or 300 mg/d) or both (n = 1) were included retrospectively. The striatal specific [123I]FP-CIT binding ratio (SBR), its left–right asymmetry and the putamen-to-caudate ratio were transformed to z-scores and submitted to a cluster analysis for data-driven categorization.

Results

Two clusters were identified. The first cluster (37% cases) showed a Parkinson’s disease (PD)-like pattern: median striatal SBR/asymmetry/putamen-to-caudate z-score -4.5/4.9/-3.8. The second cluster (63%) showed symmetric reduction with normal intra-striatal gradient: median striatal SBR/asymmetry/putamen-to-caudate z-score -2.7/0.4/0.2. Patients with follow-up clinical reference diagnoses of neurodegenerative (n = 8) and non-neurodegenerative (n = 16) parkinsonism fell exclusively into the former or the latter cluster, respectively (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Venlafaxine and bupropion cause uniform reduction of the striatal [123I]FP-CIT SBR that can be distinguished from PD-like reductions.
Albumin-muscle density score predicts overall survival in patients with hepatocellular cancer undergoing treatment with transarterial chemoembolization
Authors: Surov Alexey , Wienke Andreas , Borggrefe Jan , Auer Timo Alexander , Gebauer Bernhard , Mähringer-Kunz Aline , Nensa Felix , Haubold Johannes , Schaarschmidt Benedikt Michael , Hosch René , Kleesiek Jens , Diallo Thierno D. , Roehlen Natascha , Bettinger Dominik , Eisenblätter Michel , Steinle Verena , Mayer Philipp , Zopfs David , Pinto dos Santos Daniel , Müller Lukas , Kloeckner Roman
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The purpose of the present study was to analyze associations between different skeletal muscle quality parameters and survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing treatment with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled 784 treatment-naïve patients with HCC undergoing TACE at six tertiary care centers between 2010 and 2020. Intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) and skeletal muscle density (SMD) were estimated. Myosteatosis was defined as SMD < 28.0 HU for men and < 23.8 HU for women. Furthermore, albumin-SMD score (ADS) was calculated as follows: serum albumin (g/dL) × SMD (HU). To assess the impact of muscle quality on survival, Cox regression model was used. Kaplan-Meier curves were used for survival analysis. Parameters of skeletal muscle quality were compared in univariate and multivariate regression analyses, adjusted for established risk factors.

Results

In the overall sample, survivors had higher SMD and ADS in comparison to non-survivors. Patients with low ADS had a lower OS than patients with high ADS (8.4 vs. 14.3 months, p < 0.001). In alcohol-induced HCC, none of the analyzed parameters of muscle quality influenced survival. In viral induced HCC, patients with low ADS had lower OS than patients with high ADS (8.8 vs. 15.7 months, p < 0.001). In patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), none of the analyzed parameters of muscle quality influenced survival.

Conclusions

Low ADS is an independent predictor of worse OS in patients with viral-induced HCC undergoing treatment with TACE. In alcohol-induced and NASH-induced HCCs, parameters of muscle quality do not influence OS.
Evaluation of predictive performance of fetal urinary inflammatory markers of postnatal kidney function in fetuses with posterior urethral valves
Authors: Geraud Nicolas , Casemayou Audrey , Alves Melinda , Breuil Benjamin , Tkaczyk Marcin , Stańczyk Małgorzata , Szaflik Krzysztof , Talar Tomasz , Decramer Stéphane , Klein Julie , Schanstra Joost P. , Meyer Bénédicte Buffin
Published: November 2024

Background

There are proposed roles for inflammation in the development of congenital obstructive uropathy in the setting of posterior urethral valves (PUV). However, the value of inflammatory proteins as predictive markers of postnatal kidney function, key in the management of fetuses with PUV, has not been explored. We screened fetal urine of fetuses with PUV with a panel of inflammatory proteins to determine their predictive value of postnatal kidney function.

Methods

Twenty-five different chemokines and cytokines were measured using a multiplex immunoassay in fetal urine of 79 PUV patients from retrospective cohorts, separated in discovery (n = 52) and validation (n = 27). The candidate markers were also quantified in amniotic fluid samples obtained from 16 PUV and 25 other congenital anomalies of the kidney and the urinary tract pregnancies. The performance of validated candidate inflammatory proteins was compared to the previously published 12PUV fetal urine peptide signature.

Results

Fetal urine chemokines CCL2 (MCP-1), CXCL9 (MIG), and CCL4 (MIP-1β) were identified as predictive of postnatal kidney failure in fetuses with PUV from the discovery cohort. Their predictive potential was confirmed in the validation cohort (AUCs of 0.87, 0.81, and 0.86, respectively). The performance of these individual chemokines was lower than the previously published 12PUV fetal urine peptide signature. However, the combination of the three chemokines performed similarly to 12PUV. In contrast, these three chemokines were not predictive of outcome in amniotic fluid.

Conclusions

We identified chemokines in fetal urine of PUV pregnancies that, after external validation, could serve as predictive biomarkers of postnatal outcome and contribute to improve prenatal PUV management.

Graphical Abstract
Recent novelties in research and management of cerebrospinal cavernous malformations
Authors: Rauschenbach Laurèl , Dammann Philipp , Sure Ulrich
Published: November 2024

In recent years, knowledge about cerebrospinal cavernomas has grown considerably, leading to the development of initial guidelines and treatment recommendations. However, due to the rarity and heterogeneity of the disease, the level of evidence remains limited, leaving many questions unanswered and subject to ongoing debate. Therefore, an up-to-date review of this field's latest developments and controversies is reasonable.
Traumatic posterior fossa extradural hematoma in children: a meta-analysis and institutional experience of its clinical course, treatment and outcomes
Authors: Lee Keng Siang , Ong Shi Hui , Gillespie Conor S , Ng Lee Ping , Seow Wan Tew , Low Sharon YY
Published: November 2024

Posterior fossa extradural hematoma (PFEDH) is rare but has a greater incidence amongst children. It is also associated with a rapid deterioration. The aim of this study was to present the management of PFEDH through our institutional experience and a meta-analysis. A retrospective single institution review of all children from 2004 to 2024 who underwent craniotomy for PFEDH was undertaken. The collected variables included: demographics, type of trauma, clinical findings, computed tomography findings, and clinical course. A systematic review using Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and meta-analysis were performed. Nineteen children with PFEDH who underwent surgery were identified. All 19 (100%) patients benefited from good Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score 4–5, and there were no incidences of in-hospital mortality. From the systematic review, 391 patients, across twenty-four studies and our series, were included. A total of 308 were treated with surgery, whereas 83 patients were treated conservatively. A comparative meta-analysis was not performed as the two groups were deemed too heterogeneous in clinical characteristics. Instead, single-arm meta-analyses were performed. The pooled incidence of patients initially under conservative management requiring surgery was 9.90% (95%CI 1.61;22.21%, I2 = 35.2). The incidence of good functional outcomes in patients managed surgically and conservatively were 93.68% (95%CI: 88.69;97.57%, I2 = 0.0%), and 99.99% (95%CI: 96.53;100%, I2 = 0.0%), respectively. Overall pooled of mortality in patients managed surgically and conservatively were 0.57% (95%CI: 0.00;2.87%, I2 = 0.0%) and 0.00% (95%CI: 0.00;1.18%, I2 = 0.0%). Overall, our study reiterates that pediatric PFEDH is uncommon, and patients often present atypically. Based on our institutional experience and extrapolating data from our meta-analysis of the wider literature, neurosurgical intervention is a reliable therapeutic option with good clinical outcomes.
Blood volume deficit in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome assessed by semiautomated carbon monoxide rebreathing
Authors: Kulapatana Surat , Urechie Vasile , Rigo Stefano , Mohr Abigail , Vance Yuliya A. , Okamoto Luis E. , Gamboa Alfredo , Shibao Cyndya , Biaggioni Italo , Furlan Raffaello , Diedrich André
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The semiautomated carbon monoxide (CO) rebreathing method has been introduced as a noninvasive and radiation-free blood volume estimation method. We tested whether the semiautomated CO rebreathing method can detect the blood volume deficit in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). In addition, we explored the relationship between blood volume estimated from CO rebreathing and body impedance.

Patients and methods

We recruited 53 subjects (21 female patients with POTS, 19 healthy female participants, and 13 healthy male participants) to record blood volumes and hemodynamic data. Blood volumes were measured by CO rebreathing and segmental body impedance. Linear regression models to predict normal values of red blood cell volume (RBCV), plasma volume (PV), and total blood volume (BV) were developed. Percentage deviations from the predicted normal volumes were calculated.

Results

Patients with POTS had lower RBCV (25.18 ± 3.95 versus 28.57 ± 3.68 mL/kg, p = 0.008, patients with POTS versus healthy female participants), BV (64.53 ± 10.02 versus 76.78 ± 10.00 mL/kg, p < 0.001), and BV deviation (−13.92 ± 10.38% versus −0.02 ± 10.18%, p < 0.001). Patients with POTS had higher supine heart rate (HR) (84 ± 14 versus 69 ± 11 bpm, p < 0.001) and upright HR (123 ± 23 versus 89 ± 22 bpm, p < 0.001). We found a correlation between BV deviation and upright HR in patients with POTS (r = −0.608, p = 0.003), but not in healthy participants. Volumes from the CO rebreathing and body impedance were well correlated (r = 0.629, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The CO rebreathing method can detect BV deficit, as well as the RBCV deficit in patients with POTS. The negative correlation between BV deviation and upright HR indicates that hypovolemia is one of the pathophysiological causes of POTS. Correlations between body impedance and CO rebreathing volume suggest its usefulness for measurements of volume changes.
The research landscape of industry 5.0: a scientific mapping based on bibliometric and topic modeling techniques
Authors: Rejeb Abderahman , Rejeb Karim , Zrelli Imen , Kayikci Yasanur , Hassoun Abdo
Published: November 2024

Industry 5.0 (I5.0) marks a transformative shift toward integrating advanced technologies with human-centric design to foster innovation, resilient manufacturing, and sustainability. This study aims to examine the evolution and collaborative dynamics of I5.0 research through a bibliometric analysis of 942 journal articles from the Scopus database. Our findings reveal a significant increase in I5.0 research, particularly post-2020, yet highlight fragmented collaboration networks and a noticeable gap between institutions in developed and developing countries. Key thematic areas identified include human-robot collaboration, data management and security, AI-driven innovation, and sustainable practices. These insights suggest that a more integrated approach is essential for advancing I5.0, calling for strengthened global collaborations and a balanced emphasis on both technological and human-centric elements to fully realize its potential in driving resilient and sustainable industrial practices. This study provides the first comprehensive bibliometric analysis of I5.0, offering valuable insights for both researchers and practitioners.
Copper-enriched hydroxyapatite coatings obtained by high-velocity suspension flame spraying. Effect of various gas parameters on biocompatibility
Authors: Le Long-Quan R. V. , Lanzino M. Carolina , Blum Matthias , Höppel Anika , Al-Ahmad Ali , Killinger Andreas , Gadow Rainer , Rheinheimer Wolfgang , Seidenstuecker Michael
Published: November 2024

Hydroxyapatite (HAp)-coated bone implants are frequently used for orthopaedic or dental implants since they offer high biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. Yet, problems such as infections, e.g. periprosthetic joint infections, occur when implanting foreign material into the body. In this study, HAp coatings were produced via high-velocity suspension flame spraying (HVSFS). This method allows for the production of thin coatings. We investigated the effects of different gas parameters on the coating properties and on the biocompatibility, which was tested on the human osteosarcoma cell line MG63. Furthermore, Copper (Cu) was added to achieve antibacterial properties which were evaluated against standard microorganisms using the airborne assay. Three gas parameter groups (low, medium, and high) with different Cu additions (0 wt.%, 1 wt.% and 1.5 wt.%) were evaluated. Our findings show that porosity as well as hardness can be controlled through gas parameters. Furthermore, we showed that it is possible to add Cu through external injection. The Cu content in the coating as well as the release varies with different gas parameters. Both antibacterial efficacy as well as biocompatibility are affected by the Cu content. We could significantly reduce the amount of colony-forming units (CFU) in all coatings for E. coli, CFU for S. aureus was reduced by adding 1.5 wt.% of Cu to the coating. The biocompatibility testing showed a cytotoxicity threshold at a Cu-release of 14.3 mg/L in 120 hours. Based on our findings, we suggest medium gas parameters for HVSFS and the addition of 1 wt.% Cu to the coating. With these parameters, a reasonable antibacterial effect can be achieved while maintaining sufficient biocompatibility.

Graphical Abstract
Induction of Neural Differentiation and Protection by a Novel Slow-Release Nanoparticle Estrogen Construct in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Haque Azizul , Zaman Vandana , Drasites Kelsey P. , Matzelle Denise , Sawant Sushant , Vertegel Alexey , Varma Abhay , Banik Naren L.
Published: November 2024

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex debilitating condition leading to permanent life-long neurological deficits. Estrogen (E2) treatment is known to be neuroprotectant in SCI. This hormone is highly pleiotropic and has been shown to decrease apoptosis, modulate calcium signaling, regulate growth factor expression, act as an anti-inflammatory, and drive angiogenesis. These beneficial effects were found in our earlier study at the low dose of 10 µg/kg E2 in rats. However, the dose remains non-physiologic, which poses a safety hurdle for clinical use. Thus, we recently devised/constructed a fast release nanoparticle (NP) estrogen embedded (FNP-E2) construct and tested a focal delivery system in a contused SCI rat model which showed protection in the short run. In the current study, we have developed a novel slow-release NP estrogen (SNP-E2) delivery system that shows sustained release of E2 in the injured spinal cord and no systemic exposure in the host. The study of E2 release and kinetics of this SNP-E2 construct in vitro and in vivo supported this claim. Delivery of E2 to the injured spinal cord via this approach reduced inflammation and gliosis, and induced microglial differentiation of M1 to M2 in rats after SCI. Analysis of spinal cord samples showed improved myelination and survival signals (AKT) as demonstrated by western blot analysis. SNP-E2 treatment also induced astrocytic differentiation into neuron-like (MAP2/NeuN) cells, supported the survival of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC), and improved bladder and locomotor function in rats following SCI. These data suggest that this novel delivery strategy of SNP-E2 to the injured spinal cord may provide a safe and effective therapeutic approach to treat individuals suffering from SCI.
Reliable individual differences in researcher performance capacity estimates: evaluating productivity as explanatory variable
Authors: Forthmann Boris , Beisemann Marie , Doebler Philipp , Mutz Rüdiger
Published: November 2024

Are latent variables of researcher performance capacity merely elaborate proxies of productivity? To investigate this research question, we propose extensions of recently used item-response theory models for the estimation of researcher performance capacity. We argue that productivity should be considered as a potential explanatory variable of reliable individual differences between researchers. Thus, we extend the Conway-Maxwell Poisson counts model and a negative binomial counts model by incorporating productivity as a person-covariate. We estimated six different models: a model without productivity as item and person-covariate, a model with raw productivity as person-covariate, a model with log-productivity as person covariate, a model that treats log-productivity as a known offset, a model with item-specific influences of productivity, and a model with item-specific influences of productivity as well as academic age as person-covariate. We found that the model with item-specific influences of productivity fitted two samples of social science researchers best. In the first dataset, reliable individual differences decreased substantially from excellent reliability when productivity is not modeled at all to inacceptable levels of reliability when productivity is controlled as a person-covariate, while in the second dataset reliability decreased only negligibly. This all emphasizes the critical role of productivity in researcher performance capacity estimation.
Learning from interactive video: the influence of self-explanations, navigation, and cognitive load
Authors: Beege Maik , Ploetzner Rolf
Published: November 2024

Recent research has shown that enhancing instructional videos with questions, such as self-explanation prompts, and thus shifting the process from receptive to constructive learning, is beneficial to learning. However, the inclusion of questions is often confounded with the implementation of learner pacing through navigation features. Furthermore, previous studies have often not controlled for learning time. To address these shortcomings, an experiment (N = 128) was conducted. Participants watched an instructional video about cloud formation and lightning, with learning time controlled. In a 2 × 2 between-subjects design, navigation features (learner pacing vs. system pacing) and self-explanation prompts (prompts vs. no prompts) were manipulated. The results showed no effects of navigation features and self-explanation prompts on learning performance. While navigation features did not affect cognitive load, self-explanation prompts increased both intrinsic and extraneous cognitive load. Overall, the quality of responses to prompts was low but positively related to comprehension. The results are discussed in terms of the Interactive-Constructive-Active-Passive framework and Cognitive Load Theory. They highlight the importance of boundary conditions when investigating the effects of interactive features in instructional videos.
Dirty habits: potential for spread of antibiotic-resistance by black-headed gulls from waste-water treatment plants
Authors: Martín-Vélez Víctor , Navarro Joan , Vazquez Manuel , Navarro-Ramos María J. , Bonnedahl Jonas , van Toor Mariëlle L. , Bustamante Javier , Green Andy J.
Published: November 2024

Anthropogenic environments such as wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and landfills are sources of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Black-headed gulls (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) frequently use WWTPs and may be vectors for AMR. We used GPS tracking data for 39 gulls for up to 8 months, combined with a shedding curve, to study sources and dispersal distances of AMR in Iberia. The gulls used 21 different WWTPs (684 visits) and three landfills (21 visits). Areas of high risk of AMR dissemination were an average of 25 km from the infection source, with a maximum of 500 km. Solar saltworks and natural waterbodies were particularly exposed to AMR dissemination, followed by agriculture, sports facilities, and tourist beaches. There was important variability between individual gulls in their habitat specialization, and which WWTPs they visited. Studying the spatial movements of gulls after visiting WWTPs and landfills helps pinpoint sensitive locations where pathogen transmission is most likely.
A case of malignant lymphoma of the extrahepatic bile duct diagnosed by detailed imaging examination and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration
Authors: Iijima Noriaki , Nakamura Shinya , Ishii Yasutaka , Tatsukawa Yumiko , Ikemoto Juri , Miyamoto Sayaka , Nakamura Kazuki , Furukawa Masaru , Arihiro Koji , Oka Shiro
Published: November 2024

A 70-year-old woman presented to our hospital with abdominal pain. Imaging examinations showed diffuse and extensive wall thickening at the perihilar bile duct; however, the degree of stricture was mild, and the mucosal epithelium was smooth. A transpapillary biopsy was performed considering cholangiocarcinoma and IgG4 sclerosing cholangitis as differential diagnoses; however, no pathologic diagnosis was obtained. Peroral cholangioscopy revealed a regular epithelium at the stricture, and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) of the enlarged lymph node confirmed the diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Multiagent chemotherapy was administered, which led to complete remission. Because primary bile duct malignant lymphomas are rare and specific, clinical, and imaging findings are lacking, and many of those reported so far have been diagnosed by postoperative pathology. As chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for malignant lymphoma, obtaining an accurate diagnosis is crucial. Our findings support that smooth and mild biliary strictures with mainly submucosal wall thickening may be characteristic imaging findings of primary bile duct malignant lymphoma, and that peroral cholangioscopy and EUS-FNA may be helpful for an accurate diagnosis.
Assessing ferrite content in duplex stainless weld metal: WRC ‘92 predictions vs. practical measurements
Authors: Quackatz Lukas , Westin Elin Marianne , Griesche Axel , Kromm Arne , Kannengiesser Thomas , Treutler Kai , Wesling Volker , Wessman Sten
Published: November 2024

The weldability of stainless steels is largely controlled by the chemical composition, and alloys with ferritic or ferritic-austenitic solidification show the highest resistance to hot cracking. As the resulting phase balance also affects the final properties, it may be beneficial to both foresee and measure the weld metal ferrite content. The WRC ‘92 constitution diagram is currently the most accurate prediction tool available, but it does not take the cooling rate into consideration and the precision may be less accurate for stainless steels with high ferrite numbers (FNs). This study aims to assess the reliability of the WRC ‘92 diagram for weld metals with FN > 50. The chemical composition was altered through gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) of UNS S32205 with ER347 filler wire that had been coated using physical vapor deposition (PVD) with either niobium (Nb), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), carbon (C), or silicon (Si). The actual ferrite content was evaluated using image analysis, FeriteScope and X-ray diffraction (XRD). While predictions from the WRC ‘92 diagram were deemed acceptable for Ni, Si, and Mn, notable deviations were observed for Nb, Cu, and C. The FeriteScope exhibited a consistent trend with image analysis, albeit with slightly higher FN values, wider scatter, and the conversion factor from FN to vol% is open for discussion. The lowest accuracy and largest spread were obtained using non-contact XRD, rendering it unsuitable for ferrite measurements of welds. These findings underscore the need for improved prediction tools and appropriate measurement methods for assessing ferrite content in duplex weld metals.