bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moth community responses to woodland creation: The influence of woodland age, patch characteristics and landscape attributes
Authors: Fuentes‐Montemayor Elisa , Watts Kevin , Sansum Philip , Scott Will , Park Kirsty J.
Published: August 2022

Aim

Large‐scale habitat creation is crucial to mitigate the current ecological crisis, but scientific evidence on its effects on biodiversity is scarce. Here, we assess how assemblages of a biodiverse group (moths) develop over time in habitat creation sites. We use temperate woodlands as a case study, and compare species assemblages in restored and mature habitat patches. We also identify local‐ and landscape‐level attributes associated with high species richness and abundance.

Location

Central Scotland, United Kingdom.

Methods

We surveyed moths in a chronosequence of 79 temperate woodland patches encompassing woodland creation sites (20–160 years old) and mature “ancient” woodlands (250+ years old). We used structural equation models, generalized linear models and ordination techniques to quantify moth community responses to woodland creation, and degree of similarity to moth assemblages in ancient woodlands.

Results

Woodland creation sites harboured large numbers of moth species (212), were dominated by woodland generalists and had high species turnover. Moth abundance and diversity increased with woodland connectivity. Macromoths were more abundant and diverse in younger woodlands; micromoth specialists occurred more frequently in older woodland creation sites. Ancient woodlands had similar moth abundance/richness than woodland creation sites (except for fewer macromoth woodland specialist species), but their species composition was somewhat different. Patterns of beta diversity (low nestedness) indicated that moth species in woodland creation sites are not simply subsets of species in ancient woodlands.

Main conclusions

To benefit moth communities, woodland creation sites should be structurally diverse and in close proximity to other woodlands. At the landscape scale, a mosaic of woodland patches of different ages is likely to increase moth beta (and consequently gamma) diversity. Ancient woodlands and woodland creation sites each host substantial proportions of “unique” species; individual woodland patches contain distinctive moth assemblages and should be protected and valued for their contribution to regional moth diversity.
Comparison of novel large‐bore and conventional‐bore covered self‐expandable metal stents for malignant gastric outlet obstruction: Multicenter, retrospective study
Authors: Inokuma Akiyuki , Takahara Naminatsu , Ishibashi Rei , Hakuta Ryunosuke , Ishigaki Kazunaga , Saito Kei , Saito Tomotaka , Hamada Tsuyoshi , Mizuno Suguru , Yagioka Hiroshi , Takahashi Sho , Kogure Hirofumi , Sasaki Takashi , Hirano Kenji , Ito Yukiko , Isayama Hiroyuki , Nakai Yousuke , Koike Kazuhiko , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Covered self‐expandable metal stent (cSEMS) for gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) has been developed to overcome tumor ingrowth but is prone to be associated with an increased risk of migration. Clinical impact of the novel large‐bore cSEMS for malignant GOO remains unclear.

Methods

A total of 117 patients undergoing endoscopic cSEMS placement for malignant GOO were enrolled in this multicenter retrospective study. Technical and clinical success, adverse events, recurrent GOO, and survival after stent placement were compared between 24 mm‐cSEMS (n = 49) and 20 mm‐cSEMS (n = 68).

Results

Patient characteristics were well‐balanced and thus similar survival was observed between the two groups (136 days vs. 89 days, P = 0.60). Technical success rate of 100% and clinical success rate of 96% were achieved both in 24 mm‐cSEMS and 20 mm‐cSEMS, respectively. The median cumulative time to recurrent GOO was significantly longer in 24 mm‐cSEMS than in 20 mm‐cSEMS (380 days vs. 138 days, P = 0.01). The incidence of adverse events and recurrent GOO was comparable: 12% vs. 15% (P = 0.91), and 16% vs. 31% (P = 0.11); however, no stent migration was observed in 24 mm‐cSEMS. In a subgroup analysis, the superiority of 24 mm‐cSEMS to 20 mm‐cSEMS was demonstrated in extrinsic cancers (380 days vs. 121 days, P = 0.01) but not in intrinsic cancers (151 days vs. not reached, P = 0.47).

Conclusions

The 24 mm‐cSEMS may improve time to recurrent GOO with ensuring acceptable safety in patients with malignant GOO.
Genomic selection reveals hidden relatedness and increased breeding efficiency in western redcedar polycross breeding
Authors: Gamal El‐Dien Omnia , Shalev Tal J. , Yuen Macaire M. S. , Stirling Rod , Daniels Lori D. , Breinholt Jesse W. , Neves Leandro G. , Kirst Matias , Van der Merwe Lise , Yanchuk Alvin D. , Ritland Carol , Russell John H. , Bohlmann Joerg
Published: August 2022

Western redcedar (WRC) is an ecologically and economically important forest tree species characterized by low genetic diversity with high self‐compatibility and high heartwood durability. Using sequence capture genotyping of target genic and non‐genic regions, we genotyped 44 parent trees and 1520 offspring trees representing 26 polycross (PX) families collected from three progeny test sites using 45,378 SNPs. Trees were phenotyped for eight traits related to growth, heartwood and foliar chemistry associated with wood durability and deer browse resistance. We used the genomic realized relationship matrix for paternity assignment, maternal pedigree correction, and to estimate genetic parameters. We compared genomics‐based (GBLUP) and two pedigree‐based (ABLUP: polycross and reconstructed full‐sib [FS] pedigrees) models. Models were extended to estimate dominance genetic effects. Pedigree reconstruction revealed significant unequal male contribution and separated the 26 PX families into 438 FS families. Traditional maternal PX pedigree analysis resulted in up to 51% overestimation in genetic gain and 44% in diversity. Genomic analysis resulted in up to 22% improvement in offspring breeding value (BV) theoretical accuracy, 35% increase in expected genetic gain for forward selection, and doubled selection intensity for backward selection. Overall, all traits showed low to moderate heritability (0.09–0.28), moderate genotype by environment interaction (type‐B genetic correlation: 0.51–0.80), low to high expected genetic gain (6.01%–55%), and no significant negative genetic correlation reflecting no large trade‐offs for multi‐trait selection. Only three traits showed a significant dominance effect. GBLUP resulted in smaller but more accurate heritability estimates for five traits, but larger estimates for the wood traits. Comparison between all, genic‐coding, genic‐non‐coding and intergenic SNPs showed little difference in genetic estimates. In summary, we show that GBLUP overcomes the PX limitations, successfully captures expected historical and hidden relatedness as well as linkage disequilibrium (LD), and results in increased breeding efficiency in WRC.
Development of intelligent and integrated technology for pattern recognition in EMG signals for robotic prosthesis command
Authors: Xu Yongzhao , Barbosa Paulo C. S. , da Cunha Neto Joel S. , Zhang Lijuan , Shanmuganathan Vimal , de Albuquerque Victor Hugo C. , Pasupathi Subbulakshmi
Published: August 2022

Prostheses play an important role in the rehabilitation of people who have suffered some type of amputation. However, due to its high‐cost and high complexity in performing movements of everyday tasks, users of these prostheses may encounter many difficulties. Therefore, this work proposes the development of a future artificial intelligence technology based on a low‐cost functional prosthesis prototype (manufactured in a 3D printer). In the present work, we describe an intelligent system that uses an artificial neural network to recognize patterns in muscle biopotential signals in order to control a prosthesis prototype in real time. Such a system is divided into three parts: the first that performs a human–machine integration through a graphical user interface; the second that performs the signal acquisition; the third that performs the training and generalization steps of the artificial neural network. The developed interface runs on a web application that has a database hosted in the cloud and in it the system user can: Acquisition of electromyography signals; Training phase of the artificial neural network; Sends the matrix of weights of the trained network to the microcontroller; Activates in the microcontroller, the state of action of the commands from the identified gestures. To compose the results of the present work, a search was initially carried out for the ideal parameters of the artificial neural network through signals obtained from 20 volunteers. In this step, it was possible to identify the topology that best classifies the signals of each gesture, as well as the investigation of the number of neurons in the hidden layer that causes a low generalization power due to overfitting. At the end of the project, it was possible to validate the use of the system with 15 new volunteers, and it was observed that in most cases, the performance of the commands in the prosthesis prototype were performed correctly. In addition, a project cost analysis was carried out, and it was possible to verify that the prototype developed is viable and has an affordable cost in relation to the Brazilian cost of living standards. In this way, the objective of the present work is in the development of a low cost artificial intelligence technology. Such a system is equipped with an algorithm based on neural networks that can deal with different muscle biopotential signals, in order to command a robotic prosthesis.
Climate refugia on the Great Barrier Reef fail when global warming exceeds 3°C
Authors: McWhorter Jennifer K. , Halloran Paul R. , Roff George , Skirving William J. , Mumby Peter J.
Published: August 2022

Increases in the magnitude, frequency, and duration of warm seawater temperatures are causing mass coral mortality events across the globe. Although, even during the most extensive bleaching events, some reefs escape exposure to severe stress, constituting potential refugia. Here, we identify present‐day climate refugia on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and project their persistence into the future. To do this, we apply semi‐dynamic downscaling to an ensemble of climate projections released for the IPCC's recent sixth Assessment Report. We find that GBR locations experiencing the least thermal stress over the past 20 years have done so because of their oceanographic circumstance, which implies that longer‐term persistence of climate refugia is feasible. Specifically, tidal and wind mixing of warm water away from the sea surface appears to provide relief from warming. However, on average this relative advantage only persists until global warming exceeds ~3°C.
Marginal land conversion to perennial energy crops with biomass removal enhances soil carbon sequestration
Authors: Xu Yi , Zhou Jie , Feng Wenhao , Jia Rong , Liu Chunyan , Fu Tongchen , Xue Shuai , Yi Zili , Guillaume Thomas , Yang Yadong , Peixoto Leanne , Zeng Zhaohai , Zang Huadong
Published: August 2022

Marginal land conversion to perennial energy crops can provide biomass feedstocks and climate change mitigation. However, the effect of perennial energy crop cultivation on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and its underlying mechanism in marginal land still remains incomplete. Here, SOC turnover, stability, and its potential sequestration were evaluated based on 10 years of land use change from C3 grass‐dominated marginal land to C4 energy crops Miscanthus and switchgrass cultivation. The naturally occurring 13C signature down to 60 cm depth was used to determine the energy crops‐derived C. Compared to reference marginal land, Miscanthus plantation increased the SOC stock at 0–60 cm depth by 17.8% and 64.3% in bulk and root zone, respectively. Similarly, the SOC stock under switchgrass was also 16.5% and 93.0% higher in bulk and root zone than in reference marginal land, respectively. The higher SOC stock in the root zone of switchgrass relative to Miscanthus was supported by the higher contribution of C4‐derived C to SOC (44.5% vs. 32.4%). The mean residence time of old C was higher under switchgrass than Miscanthus in the bulk zone across 0–60 cm (p < 0.05) but remained the same at 0–20 cm in the root zone. Specific SOC mineralization and temperature sensitivity were lower in soils under Miscanthus and switchgrass compared to reference marginal land. The partial least squares path model revealed that perennial energy crop cultivation enhances soil C stock via increased C4‐derived C input and reduced mineralization. In conclusion, marginal land conversion to perennial energy crops is a win–win strategy for C sequestration to mitigate climate change and support the growing bioenergy sector with biomass supply.
Frequency and distribution of HLA‐DQB1 alleles from 2076 cord blood samples of the Vietnamese cohort
Authors: Que Tran Ngoc , Khanh Nguyen Ba , Tung Pham Dinh , Hang Pham Thi Luong , Van Anh Nguyen Thi , Thang Nguyen Dinh
Published: August 2022

Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles are very diverse and characterized by ethnicity. To date, information about the frequencies and distributions of HLA alleles among the Vietnamese population is still limited. In this study, HLA‐DQB1 alleles of 2076 cord blood units from individuals belonging to Vietnam's Kinh ethnic people were genotyped using Luminex‐based polymerase chain reaction sequence‐specific oligonucleotide. The results of the study demonstrated that there were 23 alleles on the locus HLA‐DQB1. Among those, there were six alleles with high frequencies of over 5%, including DQB1*03:01 (35.9%), DQB1*05:01 (12.8%), DQB1*03:03 (12.2%); DQB1*06:01 (7.20%), DQB1*05:02 (6.62%) and DQB1*02:01 (5.30%) and five rare alleles with low frequencies of below 0.1%. More importantly, this study for the first time reported the presence of two new rare alleles including DQB1*01:01 and DQB1*01:02. Conclusively, this study provided significant information about HLA‐DQB1 alleles for further investigations and clinical applications.
Acute myeloid leukemia fusion genes can be found in CD33‐negative cells
Authors: Chen Yuan , Liu Qian , Xing Haiyan , Rao Qing , Wang Min , Mi Yingchang , Wei Hui , Wang Jianxiang
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Targeted therapies and immunotherapies are emerging strategies for the treatment of leukemia. CD33 is a common and important therapeutic target for cellular immunotherapy or antibody immunotherapy. Drugs on targeting CD33 are also emerging. However, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) relapse still occurs after treatment with targeted CD33, for which the mechanism is unknown.

Methods

We used fluorescence in situ hybridization and real‐time polymerase chain reaction to detect the expression of fusion genes in different populations of cells from AML patients.

Result

Fusion gene can be express in CD33 negative cell proportions in newly diagnosed and relapsed AML patients.

Conclusion

There are fusion genes in CD33‐negative cells that are might not be cleared by CD33 targeting therapy. And this might be the source of relapse.
Multicentric evaluation of the variability of digital morphology performances also respect to the reference methods by optical microscopy
Authors: Da Rin Giorgio , Seghezzi Michela , Padoan Andrea , Pajola Rachele , Bengiamo Anna , Di Fabio Anna Maria , Dima Francesco , Fanelli Alessandra , Francione Sara , Germagnoli Luca , Lorubbio Maria , Marzoni Alessandro , Pipitone Silvia , Rolla Roberta , Bagorria Vaca Maria del Carmen , Bartolini Andrea , Bonato Lisa , Sciacovelli Laura , Buoro Sabrina ,   Italian Working Group on Diagnostic Hematology of the Italian Society of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology (WGDH‐SIBioC)
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Despite the important diagnostic role of peripheral blood morphology, cell classification is subjective. Automated image‐processing systems (AIS) provide more accurate and objective morphological evaluation. The aims of this multicenter study were the evaluation of the intra and inter‐laboratory variation between different AIS in cell pre‐classification and after reclassification, compared with manual optical microscopy, the reference method.

Methods

Six peripheral blood samples were included in this study, for each sample, 70 May‐Grunwald and Giemsa stained PB smears were prepared from each specimen and 10 slides were delivered to the seven laboratories involved. Smears were processed by both optical microscopy (OM) and AIS. In addition, the assessment times of both methods were recorded.

Results

Within‐laboratory Reproducibility ranged between 4.76% and 153.78%; between‐laboratory Precision ranged between 2.10% and 82.2%, while Total Imprecision ranged between 5.21% and 20.60%. The relative Bland Altman bias ranged between −0.01% and 20.60%. The mean of assessment times were 326 ± 110 s and 191 ± 68 s for AIS post reclassification and OM, respectively.

Conclusions

AIS can be helpful when the number of cell counted are low and can give advantages in terms of efficiency, objectivity and time saving in the morphological analysis of blood cells. They can also help in the interpretation of some morphological features and can serve as learning and investigation tools.
The inactivation efficacy of plasma-activated acetic acid against Salmonella Typhimurium cells and biofilm
Authors: Kang Taemin , Yim Donggyun , Baek Ki Ho , Lee Yee Eun , Kim Hyun-Jun , Jo Cheorun
Published: August 2022

Aim

This study aimed to examine the inactivation efficacy of plasma-activated acetic acid (PAAA) against Salmonella Typhimurium cells and biofilm and elucidate underlying chemical inactivation pathway.

Methods and Results

PAAA was prepared by discharging plasma to 20 ml of 0.2% (v/v) acetic acid (AA) for 20 min (2.2 kHz and 8.4 kVpp). The count of cells and biofilms decreased by 5.71 log CFU ml−1 and 4 log CFU/cm2 after 10 min of treatment with 0.2% PAAA and 0.4% PAAA compared with control group (without any treatment), respectively. In 0.2% PAAA, the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitrate anions were directly proportional to the plasma discharge time, whilst nitrite anion (NO2−) was not detected. However, the pH values of both 0.2% PAAA and plasma-activated water were inversely proportional to the plasma discharge time. Treatment with catalase, L-histidine, D-mannitol and sodium azide inhibited the antibacterial activity of PAAA.

Conclusion

H2O2, singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical and NO2− are involved in the generation and decomposition of peroxynitrous acid generated from PAAA functioned as intermediate agent, which could diffuse through cell membranes of bacteria and induce cell injury.

Significance and Impact of Study

This study provides the understanding of efficacy and selectivity of PAAA which could be a novel decontamination agent.
Minding the matrix: The importance of inoculum suspensions on finger transfer efficiency of virus
Authors: Abney Sarah E. , Wilson Amanda M. , Ijaz M. Khalid , McKinney Julie , Reynolds Kelly A. , Gerba Charles P.
Published: August 2022

Aims

The aim of this study was to determine how the transfer efficiency of MS-2 coliphage from the toilet seat to hands and fingertip to lip differs according to the suspension of the inoculum.

Methods and Results

Hands were sampled after lifting a toilet seat which was inoculated with MS-2 on the underneath side. MS-2 was suspended in a spectrum of proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous solutions. Transfer efficiencies were greatest with the ASTM tripartite soil load (3.02% ± 4.03) and lowest with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (1.10% ± 0.81) for hand-to-toilet seat contacts. Finger-to-lip transfer rates were significantly different (p < 0.05) depending on suspension matrix, with PBS yielding the highest transfer (52.53% ± 4.48%) and tryptose soy broth (TSB) the lowest (23.15% ± 24.27%). Quantitative microbial risk assessment was used to estimate the probability of infection from adenovirus and norovirus from finger contact with a toilet seat.

Conclusions

The greatest transfer as well as the largest variation of transfer were measured for finger-to-lip contacts as opposed to toilet seat-to-finger contacts. These factors influence the estimation of the probability of infection from micro-activity, that is, toilet seat adjustment.

Significance and Impact

Viruses may be transferred from various human excreta with differing transfer efficiencies, depending on the protein content.
Value creation and the circular economy: A tale of three externalities
Authors: Figge Frank , Thorpe Andrea Stevenson , Manzhynski Siarhei
Published: August 2022

By using resources more efficiently, resource users help to overcome the inherent resource scarcity on “spaceship earth.” One strategy in this context is to close resource loops and to use resources circularly. With fewer resources wasted, a more circular use of resources should also increase the efficiency of resource use and create more value. However, when resource users aim for a greater degree of efficiency, inadvertently they might contribute to resources being used less rather than more circularly and, consequently, less instead of more efficiently. We show how to assess the value that is created by the efficient use of resources for the case of linear and circular resource use. This allows us to identify three distinct types of positive externalities related to the circular use of resources: (1) systemic static externalities; (2) idiosyncratic dynamic externalities; and (3) systemic dynamic externalities. We describe how the value created by these externalities can be assessed and argue that they need to be considered when evaluating environmental resource use.
Microstructural evolution during short heat treatment of constrained groove pressed Cu‐5%Zn alloy
Authors: Yadav Prabhat Chand , Sarvesha R. , Guruprasad T. S.
Published: August 2022

Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is a widely used technique to obtain superior material properties specially mechanical properties. Constrained groove pressing (CGP) is found to be the most attractive SPD technique for the deformation of sheets and plates. However, this technique results in microstructural inhomogeneity during processing. The microstructural inhomogeneity can be alleviated by employing a thermal cycle, which assists in controlled recovery and recrystallisation. The current work focuses on, the microstructure evolution of one pass as‐deform CGP sample followed by a short heat‐treated (SHT). A correlative imaging technique of transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the presence of dislocation cell structure in an as‐deformed condition. The short heat treatment resulted in the transformation of the dislocation cell wall to high‐angle boundaries, with a further increase in heat‐treatment time resulting in grain growth.
Lipid profile, apolipoproteins A‐1 and B in owl monkeys (Aotus infulatus) in captivity
Authors: da Silva Wellington Bandeira , Teixeira André Luís de Souza , Oliveira Karol Guimarães , Gonzaga Camila Nunes , de Souza Aline Moreira , Almosny Nádia Regina Pereira
Published: August 2022

Background

Owl monkeys (Aotus infulatus) are frequently affected by heart diseases and, as in humans, dyslipidemia is one of the predisposing factors for adverse cardiovascular events. In view of this, the study of the lipid profile and plasma apolipoproteins can contribute to the clinical management of this neotropical primate species.

Methods

Lipid profile as well as A‐1 and B apolipoprotein values were analyzed in 60 owl monkeys, studying their relationship with body biometry and the presence of cardiac alterations.

Results

Animals suspected of having heart disease did not show significant differences (p < .05) in terms of biometry or in relation to lipid profile and apolipoproteins A‐1 and B values; however, higher values of LDL and ApoB and ApoB/ApoA‐1 were observed in this group.

Conclusions

This study is the first to describe the lipid profile and apolipoprotein values in owl monkeys, and further work will be needed to better elucidate the worthiness of LDL, ApoB, and the ApoB/ApoA‐1 ratio in this primate species.
A model to determine at‐home restrictions for cats after treatment of hyperthyroidism with radioiodine
Authors: Peak K. , Alonzi C. , Gower L. , Walker D. , Johnson B.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Felinehyperthyroidism is the most common endocrine disease of older cats and radioiodine is considered to be the gold standard treatment. Isolation periods following treatment vary depending on both individual treatment facilities and the relevant legislation of the country; therefore, there is no recognised standardised protocol defining the length of isolation. This work describes how our institution validated that its owner restrictions met dose constraints by using a model of iodine retention to calculate the required duration and nature of owner restrictions.

Materials and Methods

The retained radioactivity of cats at the point of discharge was used to simulate the radiation dose to owners in the 90 days following release. The model created was used to calculate the minimum duration of isolation for a range of administered activities and owner restrictions.

Results

Using the model, it was found that when injected with the maximum dose used, 222 MBq radioiodine, it was possible to release cats after 14 days of isolation and keep owner doses below 0.30 mSv (whole‐body effective dose constraint for a single radiation source) with some restrictions. It was possible to release after 23 days with no restrictions.

Clinical Significance

The present study provides clinicians with a consistent and verified method in which they can calculate the isolation periods for radioiodine‐treated cats.
The receptor for advanced glycation end products and its ligands’ expression in OVE26 diabetic sciatic nerve during the development of length‐dependent neuropathy
Authors: Zglejc‐Waszak Kamila , Schmidt Ann Marie , Juranek Judyta K.
Published: August 2022

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) may affect the peripheral nervous system and alter the expression of proteins contributing to inflammation and cellular cytoskeleton dysfunction, in most cases leading to the development of diabetic length‐dependent neuropathy (DLDN). In the present study, we performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) to probe the expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE); its key ligands, high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), S100 calcium‐binding protein B (S100B), and carboxymethyl‐lysine (CML – advanced glycation end products (AGE)); and its cytoplasmic tail‐binding partner, diaphanous related formin 1 (DIAPH1) and associated molecules, beta‐actin (ACTB) and profilin 1 (PFN1) proteins in sciatic nerves harvested from seven‐month old FVB/OVE26 mice with genetically‐mediated T1D. We found that the amount of RAGE, HMGB1, and S100B proteins was elevated in diabetic vs the non‐diabetic groups, while the amount of DIAPH1, ACTB, as well as PFN1 proteins did not differ between these groups. Moreover, our data revealed linear dependence between RAGE and HMGB1 proteins. Interaction criss‐cross of selected sets of proteins in the sciatic nerve revealed that there were connected in a singular network. Our results indicate that T1D may alter expression patterns of RAGE axis proteins and thus contribute to DLDN.
A multi‐omics framework reveals strawberry flavor genes and their regulatory elements
Authors: Fan Zhen , Tieman Denise M. , Knapp Steven J. , Zerbe Philipp , Famula Randi , Barbey Christopher R. , Folta Kevin M. , Amadeu Rodrigo R. , Lee Manbo , Oh Youngjae , Lee Seonghee , Whitaker Vance M.
Published: August 2022

Flavor is essential to consumer preference of foods and is an increasing focus of plant breeding programs. In fruit crops, identifying genes underlying volatile organic compounds has great promise to accelerate flavor improvement, but polyploidy and heterozygosity in many species have slowed progress.

Here we use octoploid cultivated strawberry to demonstrate how genomic heterozygosity, transcriptomic intricacy and fruit metabolomic diversity can be treated as strengths and leveraged to uncover fruit flavor genes and their regulatory elements.

Multi‐omics datasets were generated including an expression quantitative trait loci map with 196 diverse breeding lines, haplotype‐phased genomes of a highly‐flavored breeding selection, a genome‐wide structural variant map using five haplotypes, and volatile genome‐wide association study (GWAS) with > 300 individuals. Overlaying regulatory elements, structural variants and GWAS‐linked allele‐specific expression of numerous genes to variation in volatile compounds important to flavor. In one example, the functional role of anthranilate synthase alpha subunit 1 in methyl anthranilate biosynthesis was supported via fruit transient gene expression assays.

These results demonstrate a framework for flavor gene discovery in fruit crops and a pathway to molecular breeding of cultivars with complex and desirable flavor.
Aviation psychology: Applied methods and techniques, by Ioana V.Koglbauer, and SonjaBiede‐Straussberger (Eds.) Hogrefe Publishing, 2021, 168 pages, $45.00 paperback
Authors: Pearson Jonathan
Published: August 2022

The field of aviation consists of many different organizations, operations, and functions. Psychologists working in design and implementation, various aspects of aviation, have built up vast knowledge bases and techniques for best practices within their silos; however, there is no shared, common, knowledge base for these disparate fields within aviation. This book serves to provide an overview of psychological methods and tools used in various areas of research, implementation, and design within aviation fields.
The role of foreign body response in peri‐implantitis: What is the evidence?
Authors: Ivanovski Sašo , Bartold Peter Mark , Huang Yu‐Sheng
Published: August 2022

Historically, there has been broad consensus that osseointegration represents a homeostasis between a titanium dental implant and the surrounding bone, and that the crestal bone loss characteristic of peri‐implantitis is a plaque‐induced inflammatory process. However, this notion has been challenged over the past decade by proponents of a theory that considers osseointegration an inflammatory process characterized by a foreign body reaction and peri‐implant bone loss as an exacerbation of this inflammatory response. A key difference in these two schools of thought is the perception of the relative importance of dental plaque in the pathogenesis of crestal bone loss around implants, with obvious implications for treatment. This review investigates the evidence for a persistent foreign body reaction at osseointegrated dental implants and its possible role in crestal bone loss characteristic of peri‐implantitis. Further, the role of implant‐related material release within the surrounding tissue, particularly titanium particles and corrosion by‐products, in the establishment and progression in peri‐implantitis is explored. While it is acknowledged that these issues require further investigation, the available evidence suggests that osseointegration is a state of homeostasis between the titanium implant and surrounding tissues, with little evidence that a persistent foreign body reaction is responsible for peri‐implant bone loss after osseointegration is established. Further, there is a lack of evidence for a unidirectional causative role of corrosion by‐products and titanium particles as possible non–plaque related factors in the etiology of peri‐implantitis.
Putting Galileo in his Place: Geographical Origins and the Rhetoric of Scholarly Credibility☆
Authors: Post Anna‐Luna
Published: August 2022

While in theory frowned upon, comments on the (regional) provenance of scholars frequently found their way into the scholarly debates of the Republic of Letters. This article uses early responses to Galileo Galilei's Sidereus Nuncius as a case study to explore various broader assumptions and associations underlying the use of such comments on provenance. Presenting a typology of these arguments, the article contends that provenance was used as a rather flexible marker of credibility, which allowed seventeenth‐century scholars to employ it to either advocate for, or against credibility. Scholars made full use of the rhetorical possibilities that origin‐based associations offered, demonstrating their flexible – if not to say opportunistic – attitude towards scholarly credibility in the process. This article furthermore investigates the motives Galileo's contemporaries had for invoking surreptitious boasts or slurs about provenance. In doing so, it illuminates a crucial mechanism informing the selection of specific arguments: competition on a personal, regional and national level.
Is the Omicron variant truly less virulent in solid organ transplant recipients?
Authors: Anjan Shweta , Khatri Akshay , Viotti Julia Bini , Cheung Teresa , Garcia Leopoldo A. Cordova , Simkins Jacques , Loebe Matthias , Phancao Anita , O'Brien Christopher B. , Sinha Neeraj , Ciancio Gaetano , Vianna Rodrigo M. , Andrews David , Abbo Lilian M. , Guerra Giselle , Natori Yoichiro
Published: August 2022

Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at high risk for severe disease with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Emerging variants of concern have disproportionately affected this population. Data on severity and outcomes with the Omicron variant in SOT recipients are limited. Thus we conducted this single‐center, retrospective cohort study of SOT recipients diagnosed with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection from December 18, 2021 to January 18, 2022, when prevalence of the Omicron variant was more than 80%‐95% in the community. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for hospital admission. We identified 166 SOT patients: 112 (67.5%) kidney, 22 (13.3%) liver, 10 (6.0%) lung, seven (4.2%) heart, and 15 (9.0%) combined transplants. SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine series was completed in 59 (35.5%) recipients. Ninety‐nine (59.6%) and 13 (7.8%) recipients received casirivimab/imdevimab and sotrovimab, respectively. Fifty‐three (32%) recipients required hospital admission, of which 19 (35.8%) required intensive care unit level of care. Median follow‐up was 50 (interquartile range, 25‐59) days, with mortality reported in six (3.6%) patients. Risk factors identified for hospital admission were African American race (p < .001, odds ratio [OR] 4.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.84‐8.70), history of coronary artery disease (p = .031, OR 3.50, 95% CI 1.12‐10.87), and maintenance immunosuppression with corticosteroids (p = .048, OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.01‐4.00). In conclusion, contrary to that in the general population, we found a higher hospital admission rate in SOT recipients with omicron variant infection. Further studies to investigate the efficacy of newer treatments are necessary, even as outcomes continue to improve.

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The identification of the missing maternal genome of the allohexaploid camelina (Camelina sativa)
Authors: Mandáková Terezie , Lysak Martin A.
Published: August 2022

Hexaploid camelina (Camelina sativa; 2n = 6x = 40) is an important oilseed crop closely related to Arabidopsis. Compared to other polyploid crops, the origin of the three camelina subgenomes has begun to be unveiled only recently. While phylogenomic studies identified the diploid C. hispida (2n = 2x = 14) as the paternal genome of C. sativa, the maternal donor genome remained unknown. Because the chromosomes assigned to a putative maternal genome resembled those of diploid C. neglecta (2n = 12), a tetraploid C. neglecta‐like genome (2n = 4x = 26) was hypothesized to be the likely maternal ancestor of the hexaploid crop. Here we report the chromosome‐level structure of the predicted tetraploid Camelina genome identified among genotypes previously classified together as C. microcarpa and referred to here as C. intermedia. Detailed cytogenomic analysis of the tetraploid genome revealed high collinearity with two maternally inherited subgenomes of the hexaploid C. sativa. The identification of the missing donor tetraploid genome provides new insights into the reticulate evolutionary history of the Camelina polyploid complex and allows us to postulate a comprehensive evolutionary model for the genus. The herein elucidated origin of the C. sativa genome opens the door for subsequent genome modifications and resynthesis of the allohexaploid camelina genome.
Incidence and risk factors for intravenous immunoglobulin‐related hemolysis: A systematic review of clinical trial and real‐world populations
Authors: Cuesta Hillary , El Menyawi Ibrahim , Hubsch Alphonse , Hoefferer Liane , Mielke Orell , Gabriel Susie , Shebl Amgad
Published: August 2022

Background

Severe hemolysis rarely occurs in patients receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy. A systematic review was performed to assess the incidence of IVIG‐related hemolysis and the impact of patient and product risk factors.

Study Design and Methods

A systematic literature search for terms related to “IVIG products”, “hemolysis,” and “adverse events” was conducted in Embase for articles published between January 1, 2015, and May 31, 2021. Studies with no clinical datasets, no IVIG treatment, or where IVIG was used to treat hemolytic conditions were excluded. Of the 430 articles retrieved, 383 were excluded based on titles/abstracts and 14 were excluded after in‐depth review.

Results

In total, 33 articles were analyzed and separated into observational studies (n = 16), clinical trials (n = 8), and case reports (n = 9). The incidence proportion for IVIG‐related hemolysis ranged from 0% to 19% in observational studies and 0%–21% in clinical trials. A higher incidence of IVIG‐related hemolysis was consistently reported in patients with blood groups A and AB. Hemolysis occurred more frequently in patients treated with IVIG for some conditions such as Kawasaki disease; however, this may be confounded by the high dose of IVIG therapy. IVIG‐related hemolysis incidence was lower in studies using IVIG products citing manufacturing processes to reduce isoagglutinin levels than products that did not.

Conclusion

This analysis identified patient and product risk factors including blood group, IVIG dose, and IVIG manufacturing processes associated with elevated IVIG‐related hemolysis incidence.
Anatomic study of the canine bronchial tree using silicone casts, radiography, and CT
Authors: Scrivani Peter V. , Percival Aaron
Published: August 2022

This prospective anatomic study examined the canine lower airway lumen morphology by visual inspection, radiography, and CT of silicone casts of two dogs. Study results showed the lobar, bronchopulmonary segmental, and pulmonary lobular organization of the lungs grossly reflected in the hierarchically clustered branching structure of the bronchial tree. Study results also provided a basis for differentiating bronchial and bronchiolar patterns. Whereas images of silicone‐filled bronchial lumens produced large‐diameter, branching, tapering bands that radiated from the lung hilus, the pattern was different for small airways. Images of silicone‐filled bronchiole lumens produced small‐diameter, branching, tapering, nonradiating lines that created a speckled pattern resembling micronodules and, unexpectedly during radiography, small‐diameter rings with air‐filled lumens attributed to positive and negative summation shadows. Consequently, imaging patterns in dogs might be affected by pulmonary lobular morphology and might differentiate large and small airway diseases.
Avanzar al conocimiento científico: estado del arte del aprendizaje invertido
Authors: Araguz-Lara Virginia Nohemi , Acuña-Gamboa Luis Alan , Bonilla-Murillo Enrique
Published: August 2022

Se revisa el estado del arte del aprendizaje invertido tomando como líneas de discusión las teorías, los diseños instruccionales y los modelos utilizados.Dicha revisión se realizó desde el método de análisis de contenido con apoyo de fichas de resumen, comentarios y de opinión. Los hallazgos indican que el diseño instructivo del modelo beneficia más a estudiantes con bajo rendimiento y que la configuración de la preparación previa influye significativamente en los procesos que ocurren en el aula. Se encuentran vacíos en el tema como la escasez de estudios longitudinales y a nivel institución, así como de diseño instruccional diferenciado y adaptativo.
Política migratoria colombiana 2010-2020: barreras emergentes y retos en educación
Authors: Tovar-Flórez Miguel Ángel , Vanegas-Niño Luz Karime , Sanvicén-Torné Paquita
Published: August 2022

Este artículo presenta una revisión documental de investigaciones sobre la política migratoria de Colombia y su impacto en la educación, en el periodo 2010-2020. El análisis de contenido identifica tres categorías clave: política migratoria y educación obligatoria; barreras emergentes en educación obligatoria y retos en política migratoria y educación obligatoria. Esto demuestra el interés creciente por analizar el impacto de la migración desde Venezuela hacia Colombia en la educación primaria y secundaria. Cuantitativamente, las aportaciones científicas aumentan a partir de 2015, debido al incremento de flujos migratorios venezolanos, tratando problemáticas y retos políticos y educativos.
Yellow luminescence band defect related photocurrent instability of GaN p-i-n ultraviolet photodetectors
Authors: Pu Liyong , Wang Zhiyuan , Zhou Dong , Xu Weizong , Ren Fangfang , Chen Dunjun , Zhang Rong , Zheng Youdou , Lu Hai
Published: August 2022

In this work, a low leakage current and high responsivity GaN p-i-n ultraviolet (UV) photodetector (PD) is fabricated for a photocurrent instability study. When the illumination condition shifts from dark to constant UV illumination, the PD’s photocurrent is found first to increase sharply and then go through a slow rising process until reaching its saturation value in tens of seconds. The degree of photocurrent instability lessens as UV illumination intensity increases. Meanwhile, when the PD is illuminated by periodic square-wave UV light, its transient response time is measured to be ∼1–2 μs. The observed photocurrent instability behavior is likely due to photocarrier trapping by yellow luminescence band related defects in GaN, which is supported by multiwavelength light illumination and photocurrent decay measurements.
Influence of voice properties on vowel perception depends on speaker context
Authors: Krumbiegel Julius , Ufer Carina , Blank Helen
Published: August 2022

Different speakers produce the same intended vowel with very different physical properties. Fundamental frequency (F0) and formant frequencies (FF), the two main parameters that discriminate between voices, also influence vowel perception. While it has been shown that listeners comprehend speech more accurately if they are familiar with a talker's voice, it is still unclear how such prior information is used when decoding the speech stream. In three online experiments, we examined the influence of speaker context via F0 and FF shifts on the perception of /o/-/u/ vowel contrasts. Participants perceived vowels from an /o/-/u/ continuum shifted toward /u/ when F0 was lowered or FF increased relative to the original speaker's voice and vice versa. This shift was reduced when the speakers were presented in a block-wise context compared to random order. Conversely, the original base voice was perceived to be shifted toward /u/ when presented in the context of a low F0 or high FF speaker, compared to a shift toward /o/ with high F0 or low FF speaker context. These findings demonstrate that that F0 and FF jointly influence vowel perception in speaker context.
Linezolid Exposure Is Associated with Cytopenias in Patients Treated for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Graciaa Daniel S. , Kipiani Maia , Magee Matthew J. , Mikiashvili Lali , Barbakadze Ketevan , Bablishvili Nino , Auld Sara C. , Alghamdi Wael A. , Alshaer Mohammad H. , Peloquin Charles A. , Avaliani Zaza , Blumberg Henry M. , Kempker Russell R.
Published: August 2022

Although linezolid is effective for multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) tuberculosis treatment, it is associated with cytopenias after 4 weeks of administration. Data on toxicities with long-term use of linezolid and drug pharmacodynamics in MDR-TB treatment are limited, and concerns about toxicity present barriers to wider implementation.
New Perspectives on Antimicrobial Agents: Maribavir
Authors: Halpern-Cohen Virginie , Blumberg Emily A.
Published: August 2022

Maribavir was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in November 2021 for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with post-transplant cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection/disease that is refractory to treatment (with or without genotypic resistance) with ganciclovir, valganciclovir, cidofovir, or foscarnet.
New Roles for HAMP Domains: the Tri-HAMP Region of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Aer2 Controls Receptor Signaling and Cellular Localization
Authors: Anaya Selina , Orillard Emilie , Greer-Phillips Suzanne E. , Watts Kylie J.
Published: August 2022

P. aeruginosa
is an opportunistic pathogen that interprets environmental stimuli via 26 chemoreceptors that signal through 4 distinct chemosensory systems. The second chemosensory system, Che2, contains a receptor named Aer2 that senses O
2
and mediates stress responses and virulence and tunes chemotactic behavior.
What’s New in Antibiograms? Updating CLSI M39 Guidance with Current Trends
Authors: Simner Patricia J. , Hindler Janet A. , Bhowmick Tanaya , Das Sanchita , Johnson J. Kristie , Lubers Brian V. , Redell Mark A. , Stelling John , Erdman Sharon M.
Published: August 2022

A vast amount of antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) data is generated from routine testing in diagnostic laboratories for the primary purpose of guiding clinicians in antimicrobial therapy decisions for their patients. However, there is additional value for these data when they are compiled at the local, regional, national, and global levels.
Markers of Immune Activation and Inflammation Are Associated with Higher Levels of Genetically-Intact HIV in HIV-HBV Co-Infected Individuals
Authors: Wang Xiao Qian , Zerbato Jennifer M. , Avihingsanon Anchalee , Fisher Katie , Schlub Timothy , Rhodes Ajantha , Audsley Jennifer , Singh Kasha P. , Zhao Wei , Lewin Sharon R. , Palmer Sarah
Published: August 2022

With the increased availability and efficacy of ART, co-morbidities are now one of the leading causes of death in HIV-positive individuals. One of these co-morbidities is co-infection with HBV.
Immune Escape Adaptive Mutations in Hemagglutinin Are Responsible for the Antigenic Drift of Eurasian Avian-Like H1N1 Swine Influenza Viruses
Authors: Xu Chengzhi , Zhang Naixin , Yang Yuying , Liang Wenhua , Zhang Yaping , Wang Jingfei , Suzuki Yasuo , Wu Yunpu , Chen Yan , Yang Huanliang , Qiao Chuanling , Chen Hualan
Published: August 2022

The antigenic changes that occur continually in the evolution of influenza A viruses remain a great challenge for the effective control of disease outbreaks. Here, we identified three amino acid substitutions (at positions 190, 230, and 269) in the HA of EA H1N1 SIVs that determine viral antigenicity and result in escape from neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.
Complete Genome Sequence of Citrus Vein Enation Virus Identified from a Korean Yuja Tree
Authors: Yang Hee-Ji , Choi Eun Jin , Lee Su-Hyun , Woo Jeong-Hyun , Lim Seungmo , Lee Seong-Jin
Published: August 2022

We determined the complete genome sequence of the citrus vein enation virus (CVEV) collected from a Korean yuja tree (
Citrus junos
). The CVEV genome has 5,983 nucleotides, showing 97.3 to 98.6% identity with complete genomic sequences of other CVEV isolates, with the highest similarity being to the isolate PCJ.