bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konsep Fitrah Manusia Dan Implikasinya Dalam Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Mualimin Mualimin
Published: January 2019

Human existence begins with a weakness and disability that will then move towards strength. Humans can easily utilize the grace and gift that is bestowed upon him, but man must fulfill a duty to his God. Human dignity with his Lord is not measured by how high his skill and position, his or her wealth, and his wealth. But when God measured it is his taqwa. Human beings in the Islamic perspective will remain born in a state of fithrah, that is pure, clean, free from all sin, and has the tendency to accept religion, faith, and faith. Humans become good or bad are the result of educational and environmental factors, not their original habits. According to Abd al-Rahman al-Bani quoted by an-Nahlawi states the task of Islamic education is to maintain and maintain the students' nature, then develop and prepare for all the potential possessed , by directing the nature and potential of existing and towards goodness and perfection, and realizing a program gradually. (Nahlawi, 1996) The development of human nature can be done with various learning activities. That is through an institution. The development of human nature can be done by learning activities. That is through various institutions. Learning that is not focused is through education only in school, but also can be done outside the school, whether in the family, in the community, or through the existing social science constitution.
Peningkatan Soft Skills Pribadi Konselor Mahasiswa BKI Melalui kegaitan Career Development Program (CDP)
Authors: Triyono Triyono , Al-Ghozaly Syakirin , Imanti Vera
Published: January 2019

Soft skills are a set of abilities related to adjustments to oneself, others, and the environment. The counselor's personal soft skills mean the abilities or personal competencies possessed by a counselor. This study aims to determine how much the Career Development Program (CDP) influences in developing the counselor's personal soft skills of BKI students. The design of this research is quantitative experimental, using the pre-experimental design method with the type of pre-test and post-test one group design. The population of this study were the students of Islamic Guidance and Counseling (BKI) IAIN Surakarta 2015/2016, 2016/2017, and 2017/2018 academic years. The sample in this study were 90 students by taken in 3 classes in each academic year, through stratified cluster random sampling. Measurement of the counselor's personal soft skills using EPPS psychological instruments. The research results of the counselor’s personal soft skills of BKI students before and after being given Career Development Program (CDP) training, both in the second semester, 4th semester and 6th semester students groups showed significant differences. The results of paired t-test analysis obtained the pretest and posttest values with sig values = 0.000 <0.05. This means that the Career Development Program (CDP) has a significant effect on improving the counselor's personal soft skills of BKI students. The Career Development Program (CDP) is a model for the development and improvement of personal counselor’s soft skills that are effective for the students of BKI IAIN Surakarta
Prognostic Value of Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Patients with Astrocytic Brain Tumor
Authors: Ochirjav Enkhee , Dorj Bolortuya , Baldandorj Tuul , Enkhbat Bayarmaa
Published: January 2019

Objectives: Astrocytoma is a common primary malignant brain tumor and it is typically associated with poor outcome. In this study, we aimed to determine role of various immunohistochemical (IHC) biomarkers and their relationship with patient prognosis. Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for astrocytic brain tumor were selected. Tissue specimens were collected from surgically removed tumors and stained by various IHC stains. All-cause mortality was chosen for study endpoint. Results: A total of 133 patients with who underwent surgery for astrocytic brain tumor were included (mean age 38±19 and 49.6% male). During follow-up, 84 patients (63%) died and the median time of death was 8 months (IQR 4; 16) after hospital discharge. Patients who died had higher tumor grade (60.7% vs. 34.7%, p<0.01). After adjustment of possible predictors, surgical type (HR=0.51, 95% CI 0.31-0.82, p<0.01), expression level of Ki67 (HR=1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.04, p<0.05) and p53 (HR=1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.02, p<0.05) were independently associated with long term mortality. Kaplan-Meier estimation showed overexpression of WT1 (42% vs. 52%, p<0.05) and Ki67 (27% vs. 58%, p<0.001) are associated with poor survival. Conclusion: IHC biomarkers are independently associated with long term prognosis in patients with astrocytic brain tumor. Overexpression of WT1 and Ki67 marker are associated with poor survival.
Study of Attitudes towards Interprofessional Education, Team Works and Their Barriers – Based on Survey from Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences Faculties
Authors: Baatar Azjargal , Sandag Oyuntsetseg , Nyamjav Sumberzul
Published: January 2019

Objectives: Purpose of this study was to determine the current attitudes of the faculty who are responsible for training of future healthcare professionals. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used to survey participants from a convenience sample of faculty at a large public health sciences university located the capital city of Mongolia. The colleges represented were medicine, dentistry, nursing, pharmacy, public health, biomedicine and traditional medicine. Attitudes towards the various aspects of interprofessional education and learning were measured using surveys. Results: The attitude towards interprofessional health care teams was determined by the responses to 14 statements. The score for interprofessional health care teams for all respondents was 4.1±0.10 (mean±SD). The attitude towards interprofessional education was determined by summing the responses to 15 statements and the score for all respondents was 3.83±0.10. The attitude towards interprofessional learning was determined by summing the responses to 13 statements, yielding a score of 3.41±0.10 for all respondents. The barriers identified included problems with schedule/calendar, classroom size, turf battles, faculty attitudes, rigid curricula and lack of administrative support, faculty incentives, perceived value, students’ acceptance, and financial resources. Conclusion: Analysis of the perceived barriers to IPE revealed a number of similarities in Mongolia compared to Japan and the need to organize IPE training and to make IPE curriculum.
Use of Double Test Biomarkers to Predict Fetal Nuchal Translucency Thickness in the Diagnosis of Trisomy 21: A Compromise between Sensitivity and Specificity
Authors: Jugder Ganzug , Unshigbayar Oyunchimeg , Ichinkhorloo Purevdorj , Boldoo Tsolmon , Purev Erkhembulgan
Published: January 2019

Objectives: The aim of study is to determine the sensitivity and specificity of screening for fetal trisomy 21 in the first trimester of pregnancy using a combination of maternal serum biomarkers and ultrasonography. The objectives of this study were to first duplicate and confirm within the Mongolian population, the results of other similar studies. Our results corroborated closely with those of other studies and further allowed us to draw conclusions and recommendations unique to Mongolia. A second objective was to apply these results to everyday obstetric practices within Mongolia and advance the state of prenatal care for all Mongolian women. Methods: Obstetric History: The obstetric history was recorded, and serum biomarkers were measured in 415 pregnancies.The degree of risk for trisomy 21 and other fetal aneuploidy were calculated using maternal age, the results of maternal serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, free beta human chorionic gonadotropin, and fetal nuchal translucency thickness. Grouping of Test Subjects: Using a cut-off risk estimate of 1 in 300, the women were grouped into positive and negative screening groups. Sensitivity and specificity of the screening method were calculated from the available data. Results: Sensitivity of the screening test for fetal trisomy 21 was 66.6% and for all fetal aneuploidy was 83%. Specificity of the screening test for fetal trisomy 21 was 87.5% and for all fetal aneuploidy was 97.8% and the false positive rate was 2.2%. Our results are consistent with the results obtained in other international studies. Conclusions: Our study is unique in that it is the first such scientific examination of mothers at risk for congenital abnormalities in Mongolia. This study provides empirical evidence that the combination of the double test, maternal age, and fetal nuchal translucency thickness is an effective prenatal screening method for fetal aneuploidy pregnancy outcomes in Mongolia.
Essential Primary Health Care in Soum and Family Health Centers 4th Edition (Training package for health care providers)
Authors: Lundeg Ganbold
Published: January 2019

No abstract in English
Unrevealed Zinc Deficiency in Children Susceptible to Seasonal Allergy
Authors: Malchinkhuu Enkhzol
Published: January 2019

No absract in English
Protective Effect of Traditional Medicine Tagtaggunsel on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Chronic Liver Cirrhosis in a Rat Model
Authors: Bukhbayar Tsogtoo , Buyantogtokh Dejidmaa , Chimedtseren Chimedragchaa , Dorjgotov Badamsuren
Published: January 2019

Objective: To study the effect of traditional medicine tagtaggunsel on the development of chronic cirrhosis in rat model. Methods: Rats were divided into 4 groups of 18 animals each. Group I served as the normal healthy control, groups II rats were intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride subcutaneous by injection (0.1 ml/kg body weight carbon tetrachloride /olive oil, three times per week for 12 weeks), group III rats received carbon tetrachloride intraperitoneally plus tagtaggunsel orally (100 mg/kg daily) and group IV rats received carbon tetrachloride intraperitoneally plus Silymarin orally (50 mg/kg daily). The hepatoprotective potential of tagtaggunsel in rats was evaluated by measuring the enzyme levels of ALT, AST and serum iron, ferritin, hepcidin in addition to other liver biomarkers. Histopathological changes in the liver were assessed using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson-trichrome staining. Results: The administration of tagtaggunsel showed hepatic protection at an oral dose of 100 mg/ kg. tagtaggunsel significantly reduced the elevated serum levels of liver enzymes as well as liver biomarkers in comparison to carbon tetrachloride−intoxicated group. Notably, tagtaggunsel significantly reduced the expression level of ferritin, but hepcidin significantly increased compared to their levels in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated group. These findings were confirmed with the histopathological observations, where tagtaggunsel was capable of reversing the toxic effects of carbon tetrachloride on liver cells compared to that observed in carbon tetrachloride-intoxicated rats. Conclusion: Our results show that tagtaggunsel has potential hepatoprotective effects at 100 mg/ kg. These effects can be regarded as antioxidant properties of the extract.
Concerning the time of foundation and the name of Slavyanskaya stanitsa (now the town of Slavyansk-on-Kuban, Krasnodar Territory)
Authors:   Kuban State University, Radionov Aleksandr Petrovich
Published: January 2019

The research discusses the time of foundation and the name of Slavyanskaya stanitsa (now the town of Slavyansk-on-Kuban, Krasnodar Territory). The author considers the previous studies of local historians on these issues. Opinions, statements, and assumptions on this topic are analyzed, compared, and critically examined. Based on archives and scientific literature, the weak evidence of previous research theories is demonstrated. The author comes to two conclusions. Firstly, the official date of the town’s foundation can be postponed if the local residents and authorities decide to do it. Secondly, the author suggests that the name of the hussar regiment has been indirectly given to the newly established stanitsa due to the historical circumstances of the development of new territories.
Emergency Rescue Service of the Naval Pacific Fleet in the context of changes in the Pacific strategic positions of the USSR in 1945
Authors: Usov Aleksey Vyacheslavovich ,   Vladivostok branch of  the Far Eastern Law Institute of  the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Published: January 2019

The research is based on the records of the Branch of the Central Archives of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (the Archive of the Navy in Gatchina) and its archives department (the Pacific Fleet in Vladivostok) that are introduced. The author considers the specific activities of the Emergency Rescue Service of the Naval Pacific Fleet in the context of the changing strategic positions of the USSR in the Pacific Ocean in 1945. The emphasis is placed on the actions of the emergency crew in a military environment, i.e. hostilities with Japan. The study reveals the aspects of ship salvaging and underwater engineering works determined by the post-war reconstruction. The author concluded that the Emergency Rescue Service of the Naval Pacific Fleet made significant contributions to both the successful performance of military tasks and the subsequent post-war restoration of the Pacific infrastructure.
Images of cultural universals in the structure of the folk worldview (reconstruction based on traditional folk art culture of Belgorod region)
Authors:   Belgorod State Institute of Arts and Culture, Zhirov Mikhail Semenovich , Shvedova Irina Viktorovna ,   Belgorod State National Research University,   Belgorod State Museum of Folk Culture
Published: January 2019

The study considers the value-based visual foundations of folk art culture in the South of Russia from the standpoint of the images of regional ethnocultural archetypes. The emphasis is placed on people’s understanding of nature and artistic message to the folk worldview model, the relevance of preserving the cultural ecosystem under pressure from opposing trends. The authors reveal the identification methods and semantic reconstruction of a self-sufficient system of universals in ethnic culture and present the empirical material of the study. A brief presentation of the Belgorod folk art culture explains the specific nature of the ornamental systems developed. By a case study of Belgorod region and its peculiarities, the paper determines the images of valuable cultural universals tantamount to archetypes. Their philosophical understanding, conscious creative use in vestimentary culture and design, further semantic reconstruction of traditional folk ornamental patterns become possible. The authors propose the results-based development of the analytical framework for the study of ethnic artistic experience in line with philosophical and cultural reflection.
Imaginary space: geopoetics of northern territories
Authors:   Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Danilova Natalia Ksenofontovna
Published: January 2019

The study deals with the semantic and cognitive analysis of landscape thinking of famous northern artists A. Osipov and Yu. Spiridonov which presents imaginary space associated with the northern territories. Both artists focus on the image of the Arctic Yakutia reflecting their unique vision of the spirit of time, space, movement, and development. From the standpoint of the author’s landscape, A. Osipov and Yu. Spiridonov are genius at representing the images of ordinary workers. At the same time, natural landscapes, mountains, tundra, impassable forests, and fast-flowing rivers are the structural ontological element of geopoetical space. The author’s landscapes are considered as original models of imagination that help realize the space on the basis of deep archetypal images. The research strategy and objectives include the interpretation of the author’s vision of images and symbols being the ground for the historical chronotope demonstrating space transformations. The consideration of landscape thinking in the works of the famous Yakut artists allows one to highlight the original ideological framework serving as the basis for the mythological, ethnic, symbolic, and linguistic images of spaces. In addition, it is possible to examine the mechanism of comprehending and mastering space and time and identify the key archetype images typical for each ethnic local group of peoples in Yakutia from the geopoetical perspective.
The possibilities of Western civilization during the adaptation of Middle Eastern migrants to European culture
Authors:   Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, Brusilovskiy Denis Aleksandrovich
Published: January 2019

The study discusses the conditions and possibilities of coexistence between Western Europe and the Muslim world. It reflects the ways of adaptation of migrants to European culture. Adaptation and full assimilation are not identical in nature since the first implies someone’s involvement in society, and the latter results in dissolution. Scientists follow two conceptual approaches to dealing with migrant adaptation. Multiculturalism is characterized by the recognition of every culture as a unique and significant one while there is no nationwide culture. Melting pot means that ethnic solidarity (Soviet citizen, U.S. citizen) plays a primary role. Some countries, for example the USA, use the liberal approach to coping with migrant adaptation; others, for example France, choose the paternalistic method. In the first case, adaptation measures are the duties of the arrivals. In the latter case, newcomers are provided with opportunities that they can use or neglect. If the first-generation migrants are well adapted to a new environment and improve their living standards, their children, the second-generation migrants, are not as successful as their parents in the society that has already hosted them. The author notes that the third-generation migrants are to choose the history of the country of residence or the history of their ethic group. If migrants fail to accept the new identity of the state and preserve collective (family) memory, they face the problem of integrated history, i.e. a reconciliation of the past with the present. Nowadays, adaptation is possible through the chronological binding to modernity during the dialogue of civilizations and mutual adaptation of cultures. Attempts to supplement the past practices with the examples of harmonious inter-civilizational dialogue and cross-cultural adaptation produce any results.
Philosophy of visual literacy: the role of infographics and visual thinking in social planning
Authors:   Northern State Medical University, Makulin Artem Vladimirovich
Published: January 2019

The modern social and philosophical knowledge is characterized by its inclusion in the visual turn which means the desire of visual thinking not only to complement the rigorous conceptual discourse but also to build a new visual strategy for understanding social reality. Infographics is a key tool of visual thinking. It serves both as a graphical way of presenting information, data, and knowledge and as a method of extracting new non-trivial data from large amounts of information. The author believes that the emergent effects of visual thinking and infographics can effectively complement social and economic planning. The research briefly discusses the visualization of the problems of social planning and demonstrates their role in specification and understanding of social forecasting and planning programs. The paper presents the case studies for social infographics and defines the key concepts of the infographic understanding of social forecasting.
Body and corporeality in the context of visual practices of the post-information society
Authors: Samoylova Elena Olegovna ,   Pyatigorsk State University, Shaev Yury Mikhailovich ,   Pyatigorsk State University
Published: January 2019

The study discusses an important and relevant phenomenon of the transformation of the body and corporeality in a consumer, post-information society. The paper investigates the modern existence of the body and its understanding within visual practices which exist due to information technology. It reveals the aspects of corporeality in the context of a consumer society, the spread of advertising phenomena, and social networks. The research analyzes such body measurements as body capital, body simulacrum, body brand which have become a reality in information space and considers the ways of using the body in social and economic practices. The authors attempt to describe the phenomena of transcorporeality and post-corporeality related to the transhumanistic prospects of the society’s development, the penetration of technology into everyday life, the changes in social practices and interactions in terms of developing network technology, the transformations of several aesthetic ideas about the body and corporeality.
The Arctic: the political and philosophical analysis
Authors:   Krasnodar Air Force Institute for Pilots, Streletsky Yakov Ilyich
Published: January 2019

The study analyzes various aspects of the phenomenon of the Arctic. The historical aspect reflects the complexities of its development from the 16th century up to the present. The philosophical one is represented by the mythological, anthropological, civilizational, and epistemological facets. The economic aspect involves its methodological and functional discourses. The legal and diplomatic one reveals different national policies in the Arctic region. The strategic military aspect describes Arctic military policy, strategy, and practice of Russia and the USA in the first place. Each of these aspects can be used as a methodology for developing and implementing the policy of the Russian Federation in this region in the medium and long term. The author concludes that Russian authorities should be thoroughly prepared for the confrontation with other countries claiming to use the Arctic resources and territories.
Russian public sense of justice in the context of ideological pluralism (social and philosophical aspect)
Authors:   North Caucasus Federal University, Sotnikova Yuliya Nikolaevna
Published: January 2019

Nowadays, the world and Russian society faces the situation of ideological pluralism which causes negative transformations of public consciousness and public sense of justice as its integral element from the standpoint of the stable and successive social development. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to produce recommendations for streamlining current ideologies that can prevent their possible destructive effects on society. A dialogue among representatives of the main ideologies is the best way to harmonize ideological life. It should help achieve a consensus on cultural and moral issues. The author believes that such a dialogue can be successful thanks to several measures designed to raise the level of Russian public sense of justice. This is a matter of the internal readiness of the parties to the dialogue to agree on solutions to common problems. The scientific novelty of the approach proposed is to consider the public sense of justice as a phenomenon that provides the social and historical continuity and ensures the relationship between the state legal system and public ideologies. Besides, this approach should help realize the high level of the public sense of justice as a prerequisite for the discussion about common ideological preferences.
The Development of Indonesia Environmental Performance and Environmental Compliance
Authors: Handoyo Sofik
Published: January 2019

This study aims to analyze the development of Indonesia environmental performance andenvironmental compliance from the period 2011-2015 through the PROPER program. Statistic descriptive along with trend analysis was applied in this study. The result indicates that achievement of environmental performance of the PROPER program is on the adequate level (63,2%), Poor level (25,9%), good level (7,5%), very poor (2.8%) and excellent level (0.6%). Meanwhile, Indonesia environmental compliance level on average is 72%. There is still 28% of the PROPER participant not comply with environmental requirements determined by Ministry of Environment (MOE). The achievement of environmental compliance consists of beyond compliance (12%) and adequate compliance (88%)
UNMISSED FEMALE BABY IN THE QUR’AN:
Authors: Fathurrosyid Fathurrosyid
Published: January 2019

This research raises two main issues; First, what is a literary psychology? Second, how is the psychological construction of Maryam in the Qur’an from the perspective of literary psychology? The method used is descriptive-analytical based on the theory of literary psychology. In the context of the story of Maryam, the study of psychology that is intended is the theory of psychoanalysis and complex psychology, especially extrovert and introvert types. This study concludes; First, literary psychology is a form of study and analysis based on the psychological point of view dealing with life events. Second, psychological construction of Maryam in the Qur’an includes; (a) The psychology of convergence between empiricism and nativism. (b) Maryam’s personality structure includes the id, ego and super ego narrated in Maryam [19]: 18, 20 and 22. (c) The personality typology of Maryam is an introvert figure. The indicator is in Maryam [19]: 26 who prefers the “eat and drink” commandment to the “be happy” commandment. The grammatical structure is to consider introvert typology oriented to emotional eating.
MUNĀSABAH: UNDERSTANDING, POSTULATE, METHOD OF DISCOVERY, DISTRIBUTION AND APPLICATION IN THE INTERPRETATION OF QUR’AN
Authors: Sumanto Sumanto
Published: January 2019

Mannā’ al-Qaṭṭān in his book, Mabāḥiṡ fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur`ān, explains munasabah which muqarabah is also musyakalah (likeness). It means between verses with other verses have relationships and likenesses, so they are interrelated and mutual need, closely related to the science of causality which is a causal relationship that cannot stand alone without the help of the meaning of the verse before or after. Majority of Islamic scholar have agreed that the sequence of verses in a single surah is a sequence of tauqīfī, the order that has been determined by the Prophet Muhammad as the recipient of revelation. However, they disagree about the sequence of the surah in the muṣḥaf, whether it is tauqīfī or taufīqī̄ (sorting by the ijtihād of the compilers of the muṣḥaf). Developing the supposition that the Qur’anic themes lose relevance between one part and the other. Knowing or connecting between parts of the Qur’an, either between sentences or between verses and surah, thereby deepening the knowledge and the introduction of the Qur’an and reinforcing belief in revelation and miracles.
Applicability of Notch Stress-Strain Correction Methods to Low-Cycle Fatigue Life Prediction of Turbine Rotors Subjected to Thermomechanical Loads
Authors: Banaszkiewicz Mariusz , Dudda Waldemar
Published: January 2019

The paper analyses the possibility of using analytical methods of notch stress-strain correction in low-cycle fatigue life predictions of steam turbine rotors operating under non-isothermal conditions. The assessment was performed by comparing strain amplitudes calculated using the Neuber and Glinka-Molski methods and those predicted by the finite element analysis (FEA) employing elastic-plastic material model. The results of investigations reveal that the Neuber method provides an upper bound limit, while the Glinka-Molski method results in a lower bound limit of strain amplitude. In the case of rotor heat grooves, both methods provide equally accurate results of notch strain amplitude and are suited to estimating lower and upper bound limits of low-cycle fatigue life under non-isothermal conditions.
Full-Scale Dynamometer Test of Composite Railway Brake Shoes – Study on the Effect of the Reinforcing Fibre Type
Authors: Wasilewski Piotr
Published: January 2019

When designing or developing friction materials, it is crucial to predict how the modification of the formulation will affect their properties. Fibres are introduced in the composition of the phenolic-based brake friction materials to improve their mechanical strength. Apart from reinforcing the composite, fibres can also affect its tribological and thermophysical properties. In this study two composite friction materials are compared. The difference between the materials was the type of reinforcing fibre used in the formulation – in one case it was glass fibre, in the other steel fibre. Thermal diffusivity of both materials was measured and thermal conductivity was calculated. Frictional characteristics determined by means of full-scale dynamometer tests are analysed and discussed. Substitution of glass fibre with steel fibre led to increase in the friction coefficient. Maximum average temperature below wheel surface, observed during the test of the material containing steel fibre, was lower as compared to the test results of the material with glass fibre in its formulation, despite higher heat flux in the course of brake applications. Thermal conductivity of the friction material was enhanced by including steel fibre in the formulation.
Use of 3D Simulation to Design Theoretical and Real Pipe Inspection Mobile Robot Model
Authors: Baranowski Leszek , Siwek Michał
Published: January 2019

The main aim of the paper is to present the process of design pipe inspection mobile robot by using 3D simulations. Next methods and processes of making designed components was described. Finally, functional tests of a constructed real robot model such as speed tests, inclined pipe test was carried out. The robot was specifically designed to inspect sewer pipelines. The mobile robot is equipped with a vision system. The structure of the pipe inspection robot allows adjustments to the geometrical parameters of the robot to suit the sewer pipes diameters by using in the construction of a pneumatic system with an actuator.
Biaxial Loading of a Plate Containing a Hole and Two Co-Axial Through Cracks
Authors: Sulym Heorgij , Opanasovych Viktor , Slobodian Mykola , Yarema Yevhen
Published: January 2019

The paper presents the solution linear elasticity problem for an isotropic plate weakened by a hole and two co-axial cracks. The plate is exerted by uniform traction at infinity. The corresponding 2D problem is solved by the method of Kolosova-Muskhelishvili complex potentials. The method implies reduction of the problem to simultaneous singular integral equations (SIE) for the functions defined the region of the cracks and hole. For particular case the solution the SIE is obtained analytically in a closed form. A thorough analysis of the stress intensity factors (SIF) is carried out for various cases of the hole shape: penny-shaped, elliptical and rectangular.
Does Sodium Citrate Cause the Same Ergogenic Effect as Sodium Bicarbonate on Swimming Performance?
Authors: Kumstát Michal , Hlinský Tomáš , Struhár Ivan , Thomas Andy
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ingesting sodium bicarbonate (SB) and sodium citrate (SC) on 400 m high-intensity swimming performance and blood responses. Six nationally ranked male swimmers (20.7 ± 2.1 yrs; 184 ± 6 cm; 79.9 ± 3.9 kg; 10.6 ± 1% body fat) participated in a double blinded, placebo controlled crossover trial. Ninety minutes after consuming SB (0.3 g·kg-1), SC (0.3 g·kg-1) or a placebo (PL) participants completed a single 400-m freestyle maximal test on three consecutive days. The order of the supplementation was randomized. Capillary blood samples were collected on 4 occasions: at rest (baseline), 60 min post-ingestion, immediately post-trial and 15 min post-trial. Blood pH, HCO3- concentration and base excess (BE) were determined. Blood pH, HCO3-, BE were significantly elevated from before loading to the pre-test (60 min post-ingestion) (p < 0.05) after SB ingestion, but not after SC ingestion (p > 0.05). Performance times were improved by 0.6% (p > 0.05) after supplementation of SB over PL in 5 out of 6 participants (responders). In contrast, ingestion of SC decreased performance by 0.2% (p > 0.05). No side effects were observed in either trial. Delayed blood response was observed after SC ingestion compared to SB and this provided no or modest ergogenic effect, respectively, for single bout high-intensity swimming exercise. Monitoring the magnitude of the time-to-peak level rise in alkalosis may be recommended in order to individualize the loading time accordingly before commencement of exercise.
Differences in Loading and Morphological Structure of the Take‐off and Non‐take‐off Limb in Athletics Jumping Events
Authors: Kutáč Petr , Uchytil Jaroslav
Published: January 2019

The objective of the study was to assess differences between the take-off and non-take-off limbs of athletes in track-and-field jumping events based on a segmental analysis of body composition as well as kinetic analysis. The research included 19 participants (10 males, 9 females) with an average age of 18.1 ± 2.8 years. We measured body height, body mass, body composition (body fat, fat free mass, bone mineral content and bone density) and segmental distribution of these variables. To assess strength of the lower limbs, we performed reaction force analysis during take-off and run symmetry. The difference in the representation of soft tissues between the take-off and non-take-off limbs was not significant; the differences were 0.06%, 0 kg in body fat and 0.01 kg in fat free mass. The differences in the values of bone matter were significant. The bone mineral content was 0.05 kg higher in the take-off limb (p < 0.001), and bone density was 0.07 g/cm2 higher (p < 0.001); the practical significance of the difference was intermediate (d = 0.5). Kinetic analysis showed that athletes exerted greater force on the pad with the take-off limb than the non-take-off limb when taking off while using arms in the first peak of the vertical force. The difference determined in this type of take-off was statistically significant (p < 0.05); the practical significance of the difference was medium (d = 0.7). The difference in the second peak of the vertical reaction force in the take-off arm was not statistically significant. The differences were reflected in the different bone matter compositions.
The Effect of Physical And Mental Stress on the Heart Rate, Cortisol and Lactate Concentrations in Rock Climbers
Authors: Magiera Artur , Roczniok Robert , Sadowska-Krępa Ewa , Kempa Katarzyna , Placek Oskar , Mostowik Aleksandra
Published: January 2019

Rock climbing is a physical activity that not only causes an increase in muscle tension, heart rate and blood pressure, but also results in the elevation of stress hormones including cortisol. It has not been established which of the above mentioned variables serve as the most accurate indicator of rock climbing-induced physical and mental stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of physical activity, short-term fatigue and mental demand on heart rate (HR), salivary cortisol (C) and blood plasma lactate (LA) concentrations in rock climbers under laboratory conditions. Twelve male and female rock climbers of comparable climbing performance (5a – 6b OS) were recruited. The participants completed two routes of different climbing difficulty (effect of physical demand), repeated a difficult route with a short 5-min recovery period three times (effect of fatigue), and repeated a difficult lead climb (effect of mental demand). Heart rate as well as C and LA concentrations were determined. The results indicated that more difficult climbing routes elicited increases in HR (especially relative values) and LA concentrations, whereas fatigue accumulation had an effect on climbing HR and relative C concentration values. Lead climbing only caused an increase in climbing HR. Based on the results it was concluded that HR was a good indicator of physical and mental stress intensity. Performing the same difficult route three times with a short recovery period in-between turned out to be the most demanding task and resulted in the highest increase of the cortisol concentration. Dynamics of changes in lactate concentrations depend on muscle loading (local muscular effort), lactate clearance and technical/tactical skills of the climber.
Work-rate Analysis of Substitute Players in Professional Soccer: Analysis of Seasonal Variations
Authors: Padrón-Cabo Alexis , Rey Ezequiel , Vidal Benjamín , García-Nuñez Javier
Published: January 2019

The aims of this study were to evaluate physical performance of substitute players versus those replaced or completing the entire match, determine physical performance of substitute players across different playing positions and examine variations in match-related running performance in substitute players throughout the entire competitive season. The sample was composed of 943 observations of professional players who participated in the first division of the Spanish League (La Liga) during the 2014-2015 season. The players were divided into three different groups: players who completed the entire match (n = 519), players who were replaced (n = 212) and substitute players (n = 212). Substitute players covered greater distances at medium and high intensity compared to the players who played the entire match and those who were replaced. Position-specific trends indicated that attackers and central midfielder increased the distance covered at high-intensity running compared to their peers who played the whole match. During the competitive season, it was observed that substitute players attained greater match running performance during the mid-season period, allowing them to cover more distance for different variables of running performance compared to the start and end of the season.
Effect of Different Feedback Modalities on Swimming Pace: Which Feedback Modality is Most Effective?
Authors: Altavilla Cesare , Cejuela Roberto , Caballero-Pérez Pablo
Published: January 2019

To compare the effect of three different feedback modalities on swimming pace, sixteen male swimmers and triathletes participated in this study. Each participant swam 3 x 400 m, one for each feedback modality, swimming front crawl at 80% of their individual swimming critical speed. Three feedback modalities were examined: self-pacing, real time visual feedback and real time voice feedback. The swimmers adopted a fast start in all feedback modalities. In the real time voice feedback modality, the data recorded during the second lap (200 m) showed a significant improvement of their swimming pace approaching the swimming pace intended (-1.47 s, p < .01, medium effect size 0.79). A significant improvement toward the swimming pace intended was also noticed at the third split time (300 m) (0.05 s, p < .01, large effect size 0.81) and at the fourth split time (400 m) (0.46 s, p < .01, medium effect size 0.76). In self-pacing, the swimmers were not able to swim in line with the swimming pace intended. In real time visual feedback modality, the swimmers did not show a significant improvement approaching the swimming pace intended. The results revealed that communication with the swimmers using the real time voice feedback induced a significant improvement in their swimming pace and could help the athletes to swim with accurate and consistent pace.
Neurocognitive Functioning of Sport Climbers
Authors: Marczak Milena , Ginszt Michał , Gawda Piotr , Berger Marcin , Majcher Piotr
Published: January 2019

Sport climbing, included in the programme of the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympic Games, is increasingly gaining in popularity as a method of physical and mental health enhancement. Studies show a positive relationship between climbing and improvement of neurocognitive functioning. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in neurocognitive indicators: time of testing, memory, and location between climbers and non-climbers. The sample comprised 30 sport climbers (15 males, 15 females; aged 25 ± 4 years) practicing climbing regularly for five years, and 30 non-climbing age- and sex-matched controls. The Tactual Performance Test (Halstead-Reitan Test Battery) was used to measure neurocognitive functions (tactile-spatial functions, motion coordination, kinesthetic abilities, learning, memory). Significant differences were found between sport climbers and controls in reference to time, memory, and location (p < 0.05). Climbers reached higher memory as well as location ratios and lower time ratios in comparison to controls. Different strategies used to complete the task between the two groups were observed. The neurocognitive functioning of sport climbers manifests itself in faster recognition and differentiation of tactile input and better spatial perception, tactile perception, and movement memory.
Acute Effects of Barefoot And Minimalist Footwear on Medial Tibiofemoral Compartment Loading During Running: A Statistical Parametric Mapping Approach
Authors: Sinclair Jonathan , Butters Bobbie , Stainton Philip
Published: January 2019

The current investigation examined the effects of running barefoot and in minimalist footwear on medial tibiofemoral compartment loading, compared to conventional running trainers. Fifteen male runners ran over a force platform in five different footwear conditions (barefoot, Vibram five-fingers (Footwear A), Inov-8 (Footwear B) Nike-Free (Footwear C), and running trainer) whilst lower extremity kinematics were examined using a three-dimensional camera system. Medial compartment loading during the stance phase was explored using the knee adduction moment (KAM). In addition, the KAM instantaneous load rate was also calculated. Differences between footwear across the entire stance phase were examined using 1-dimensional statistical parametric mapping, whereas differences in discrete parameters were explored using one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Statistical parametric mapping revealed that Footwear B was associated with a significantly larger KAM compared to the running trainer from 15-20 and 25-30% of the stance phase and also Footwear C from 15-20% of the stance phase. The KAM instantaneous load rate was significantly larger in the barefoot (210.69 Nm/kg/s), Footwear A (200.23 Nm/kg/s) and Footwear B (186.03 Nm/kg/s) conditions in comparison to Footwear C (100.88 Nm/kg/s) and running trainers (92.70 Nm/kg/s). The findings from this study indicate that running barefoot and in minimalist footwear with the least midsole interface may place runners at increased risk of medial compartment knee OA, although further exploration using habitual barefoot / minimalist footwear users is required.
Salivary BDNF and Cortisol Responses During High‐Intensity Exercise and Official Basketball Matches in Sedentary Individuals and Elite Players
Authors: Moreira Alexandre , Aoki Marcelo Saldanha , Arruda Ademir Felipe Schultz de , Machado Daniel Gomes da Silva , Elsangedy Hassan Mohamed , Okano Alexandre Hideki
Published: January 2019

Salivary cortisol increases in response to stressors, including physical exertion and psychological stress associated with sports competition. In addition, stress may induce change in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). However, there are still no data available to compare the salivary BDNF level in sedentary male individuals and elite team-sport male athletes, regularly involved in activities that require elevated attention and concentration. This information could contribute to the advance of understanding of the effect of regular exercise on the salivary level of BDNF, the pre-to-post change in salivary BDNF during exercise, and the association between salivary cortisol and salivary BDNF responses to physical exercise. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the concentration of salivary cortisol and BDNF, before and after exercise, in sedentary individuals and elite male basketball players. The sedentary group (23.0 ± 4.2 yrs) performed a high-intensity exercise protocol and the basketball players (18.6 ± 0.5 yrs) participated in three official basketball matches. Saliva samples were tested for cortisol and BDNF using ELISA. A significant increase in salivary cortisol from pre- to post-match was observed only for the basketball players (p < 0.05). Basketball players also presented a higher salivary BDNF concentration for both resting (pre) and post-physical exercise (p < 0.05); however, no change in pre- to post-exercise salivary BDNF was observed for either group (p > 0.05). Elevated BDNF in athletes may be associated to their repeated exposure to stressful competition situations. The current findings also suggest that different mechanisms might be involved in salivary cortisol and BDNF responses during physical exercise.
Technical and Training Related Aspects of Resistance Training Using Blood Flow Restriction in Competitive Sport - A Review
Authors: Wilk Michal , Krzysztofik Michal , Gepfert Mariola , Poprzecki Stanislaw , Gołaś Artur , Maszczyk Adam
Published: January 2019

Blood flow restriction (BFR) combined with resistance training (RT-BFR) shows significant benefits in terms of muscle strength and hypertrophy. Such effects have been observed in clinical populations, in groups of physically active people, and among competitive athletes. These effects are comparable or, in some cases, even more efficient compared to conventional resistance training (CRT). RT-BFR stimulates muscle hypertrophy and improves muscle strength even at low external loads. Since no extensive scientific research has been done in relation to groups of athletes, the aim of the present study was to identify technical, physiological and methodological aspects related to the use of RT-BFR in competitive athletes from various sport disciplines. RT-BFR in groups of athletes has an effect not only on the improvement of muscle strength or muscle hypertrophy, but also on specific motor abilities related to a particular sport discipline. The literature review reveals that most experts do not recommend the use RT-BFR as the only training method, but rather as a complementary method to CRT. It is likely that optimal muscle adaptive changes can be induced by a combination of CRT and RT-BFR. Some research has confirmed benefits of using CRT followed by RT-BFR during a training session. The use of BFR in training also requires adequate progression or modifications in the duration of occlusion in a training session, the ratio of exercises performed with BFR to conventional exercises, the value of pressure or the cuff width.
Islamophobia Without Muslims? The “Contact Hypothesis” as an Explanation for Anti-Muslim Attitudes – Eastern European Societies in a Comparative Perspective
Authors: Pickel Gert , Öztürk Cemal
Published: January 2019

Even though Muslim communities are virtually absent in most Eastern European societies new research shows that Islamophobia is more widespread in Eastern Europe than in Western Europe. The existence of ‘Islamophobia without Muslims’ is surprising prima facie, but in fact this empirical pattern reflects the assumption of the contact hypothesis. In a nutshell, the contact hypothesis argues that an individual’s contact with members of an ‘outgroup’ is conducive to refute existing prejudice and stereotypes. We test the explanatory power of the contact hypothesis on both the individual and the societal level. Empirically, we draw our data from the European Social Survey (2014), which allows us to conduct a systematic comparison of Eastern and Western European societies and to account for other well-established social psychological theories of prejudice and stereotyping (e. g. Social Identity Theory, Integrated Threat Theory). Our empirical results show that people with less or no contact are more prone to Islamophobic attitudes. This pattern is characteristic for Eastern European countries as the sheer absence of Muslim communities in these societies turns out to be a relevant explanation for anti-Muslim prejudice. Eastern European citizens tend to have para-social-contacts with Muslims. In general, they rely on media and statements of (populist) politicians, to build their opinions about Muslims. Negative news coverage fueled by terrorist attacks shapes the prevailing image of all Muslims, media consumption therefore intensifies already existing anti-Muslim sentiments. As a result, Eastern European countries have been comparatively unpopular choices for migrants to settle.