bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PWM-controlled hydraulic solenoid valves for motor vehicles
Authors: Pawelski Zbigniew , Radzymiński Bartosz , Goszczak Jarosław , Werner Andrzej
Published: October 2022

Artykuł niniejszy zawiera charakterystykę elektrozaworów hydraulicznych stosowanych w pojazdach samochodowych, pochodzących od dwóch producentów, których zmienną sterującą jest sygnał PWM (ang. Pulse With Modulation). Służą one do regulacji ciśnienia w obwodzie elektrohydraulicznym automatycznej skrzyni biegów pojazdów samochodowych. W artykule omówiono po krótce istotę sygnału PWM oraz jego zastosowanie. Scharakteryzowano badane elektrozawory, wraz z podaniem własnej analizy konstrukcyjnej oraz zasady ich działania. Porównano dwa różne rozwiązania zwracając uwagę na istotne, funkcjonalne różnice między nimi oraz zauważone niedoskonałości tychże rozwiązań. W dalszej części artykułu omówiono stanowisko pomiarowe oraz wyniki badań, w których zwrócono uwagę na istotny wpływ temperatury na niejednoznaczność osiąganych ciśnień w przypadku sterowania przy pomocy sygnału PWM- zaproponowano inną zmienną sterującą, a następnie przedstawiono wyniki badań dla różnych wartości temperatury oleju. Zawarto charakterystyki: wytwarzanego ciśnienia w funkcji sygnału sterującego, sprawdzając występowanie zjawiska histerezy, siły wywieranej przez trzpień elektrozaworu, czasu reakcji na skok jednostkowy o amplitudzie pełnego przesterowania, możliwości regulacyjnych oraz przecieków własnych elektrozaworu. Sformułowano szereg wniosków, nasuwających się po przeprowadzeniu badań, będących praktycznymi i istotnymi wskazówkami dla konstruktorów układów mechanicznych w których zastosowanie znajdują elektrozawory sterowane sygnałem PWM lub inne elementy, których zmienną sterującą jest sygnał PWM.
Influence of selected design parameters of the composite-foam cover rail on the course of the TB11 crash test of a road safety barrier forming a horizontal concave arc
Authors: Nycz Daniel
Published: October 2022

W pracy przedstawiono badania numeryczne wpływu wybranych parametrów konstrukcyjnych nakładki kompozytowo-pianowej CFR2 (opisanej w poprzednich publikacjach autora) na przebieg wirtualnego testu zderzeniowego TB11. Testy zderzeniowe obejmują zmodyfikowaną barierę SP-05/2 klasy N2-W4-A, tj. w łuku poziomym wklęsłym o promieniu 150 m. Test TB11 dotyczy samochodu osobowego o masie 900 kg, uderzającego w barierę z prędkością 100 km/h pod kątem 20°. Nakładka CFR2 składa się z segmentów kompozytowych poliestrowo-szklanych, częściowo wypełnionych pianką poliuretanową. Przekrój poprzeczny nakładki jest dopasowany do prowadnicy typu B. Obliczenia numeryczne przeprowadzono w środowisku LS-Dyna z wykorzystaniem modelu pojazdu Geo Metro, pobranego ze strony NCAC i poddanego niezbędnym modyfikacjom. Wyniki wirtualnych testów zderzeniowych przeanalizowano pod kątem wszystkich parametrów jakościowych i ilościowych wymaganych przez normy PN-EN 1317-1:2010 i PN-EN 1317-2:2010. Przeprowadzone analizy wykazały, że konstrukcja nakładki CFR2 jest trafna i wystarczająca do zapewnienia przyjęcia badania zderzeniowego TB11.
Uncertainty of determining the energy equivalent speed (EES) of a vehicle collision by the experimental and analytical method
Authors: Guzek Marek , Sztwiertnia Karol
Published: October 2022

Jednym z podstawowych sposobów stosowanych przy rekonstrukcji zderzeń samochodów, wykorzystywanym w celu oszacowania ich prędkości, jest grupa tzw. metod energetycznych. W metodach tych opisuje się związek między prędkością równoważną energii EES (z ang. energy equivalent speed), a rozmiarem trwałego odkształcenia pojazdu. Istnieje kilka praktycznie wykorzystywanych modeli matematycznych opisujących ten związek. Zazwyczaj zakładają one liniową zależność między wspomnianym rozmiarem (głębokością) deformacji, a energią zużytą na jej powstanie (tzw. pracą deformacji). W różny sposób natomiast opisywana jest sama deformacja oraz energia deformacji. W zależności od zastosowanego modelu możemy otrzymać inne wartości poszukiwanej prędkości EES. W praktyce rekonstrukcji wypadków coraz istotniejszą rolę odgrywa niepewność i wiarygodność otrzymanych wyników. Przedmiotem artykułu jest niepewność oszacowania prędkości równoważnej energii EES. W pracy zostały przedstawione wyniki obliczeń otrzymane przy użyciu jednej z typowych metod jej określania – metody różniczki zupełnej. Obliczenia zostały wykonane dla pięciu modeli analitycznych wyznaczania pracy deformacji, na podstawie jej rozmiaru, dla kilku rzeczywistych odkształceń pozderzeniowych pojazdów. Wyniki przedstawiono w postaci tabelarycznej oraz wykresów, umożliwiających porównanie zarówno wartości parametru EES, jak i wyznaczonych dla niego niepewności bezwzględnych oraz względnych. Całość została podsumowana wnioskami odnoszącymi się do otrzymanych wartości. Mogą one być źródłem informacji na temat niepewności w wyznaczaniu prędkości EES w zależności od zastosowanego modelu obliczeniowego.
Assessment of results of pollutant emission inventory of the road transport sector in Poland in 2000–2015
Authors: Chłopek Zdzisław , Bebkiewicz Katarzyna , Szczepański Krystian , Zimakowska Magdalena
Published: October 2022

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki inwentaryzacji emisji zanieczyszczeń w sektorze transportu drogowego w Polsce w latach 2000–2015, opracowane w Krajowym <a href="https://www.google.pl/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjDg7iUv9jTAhWCvhQKHWVqA0gQFggnMAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kobize.pl%2F&usg=AFQjCNHS0BQxjT-misIYfKeEhNAL7wfINg" style="color: #000000;">Ośrodku Bilansowania i Zarządzania Emisjami Instytutu Ochrony Środowiska – Państwowego Instytutu Badawczego. Emisję zanieczyszczeń wyznaczono na podstawie modelowania z zastosowaniem oprogramowania COPERT 4, rekomendowanego przez Unię Europejską. Przedstawiono liczność i przebiegi roczne pojazdów kategorii skumulowanych. Parametry charakteryzujące ruch samochodów przyjęto jako udział długości drogi przebywanej przez pojazd w warunkach jazdy: w miastach, poza miastami oraz na autostradach i drogach ekspresowych, a także prędkość średnią pojazdów w tych warunkach. Przedstawiono krajową emisję roczną: tlenku węgla, lotnych związków organicznych, tlenków azotu, cząstek stałych i dwutlenku węgla dla lat bilansowania 2000–2015. Stwierdzono tendencję do znaczącego zmniejszania się krajowej emisji zanieczyszczeń, szczególnie tlenku węgla i lotnych związków organicznych. Jest to wynik postępu technicznego pojazdów samochodowych. Zbadano również średnią emisję drogową i średni wskaźnik emisji zanieczyszczeń dla wszystkich pojazdów samochodowych.

Sformułowano na podstawie tych badań wnioski na temat wyraźnej poprawy właściwości ekologicznej pojazdów samochodowych w latach 2000–2015, czego skutkiem jest znaczące zmniejszenie obciążenia środowiska przez transport drogowy.
The case study of the impact of the costs of operational repairs of cars on the development of electromobility in Poland
Authors: Lewicki Wojciech
Published: October 2022

Rozwój elektromobliności w Polsce jest jednym z nieuniknionych procesów, jaki z pewnością czeka polską motoryzację. Należy spodziewać się, że w najbliższych kilku latach samochody elektryczne staną się realną alternatywą dla samochodów spalinowych. Dostepne raporty i opracowania wskazują wyrażnie, że koszty nabycia nowego pojazdu elektrycznego są znacznie wyższe niż pojazdu zasilanego paliwem konwencjonalnym. Zatem fundamentalnego znaczenia na etapie decyzji zakupowych nabierają oczekiwania samych kilentów w kwestii kosztów eksploatacji takiego pojazdu, w tym także cen części zamiennych.

W artykule podjęto próbę zasygnalizowania problematyki wpływu kosztów napraw eksploatacyjnych samochodów osobowych na rozwój elektromobliności w Polsce. Rozważania oparto o autorskie symulacje kosztów, obejmujące porówanie tego samego modelu pojazdu wyposażonego zarówno w silnik konwencjonalny jak i ekologiczne jednostki napędowe.Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na istotę podjętej problematyki badawczej oraz odpowiedż na pytanie czy w rzeczywistości koszty napraw eksploatacyjnych pojazdów elektrycznych są znacznie niższe, niż pojazdów zasilanych paliwami konwencjonalnymi. Zaprezentowane wyniki badań mogą być pomocne w procesach podejmowania decyzji zakupowych zarówno w przypadku klientów indywidualnych jak i grupowych.
The research of functioning of three-unit lorry convoys
Authors: Zinko Roman , Badejnov Oleksandr
Published: October 2022

It is proposed to improve functioning of transport vehicles in a way of dismemberment of its main masses with the help of tractive-joint devices with the further joint of these masses. Prismatic and turning kinematic pairs are combined in the tractive-joint devices. Limited full-scale and extended computer experiments were held. They proved efficiency of the proposed construction decision. The worked out mathematical model allows to investigate the operating modes of operations of three-unit lorry convoys at different travelling terms.
Remuneration in the Road Freight Transport Sector within the EU Countries
Authors: Norbert Reuter , Šimurková Patrícia
Published: October 2022

The paper outlines problems of employment and social issues of transport policy in the EU. The aim of the contribution is to highlight the existing problems regarding of driver remuneration in the road freight transport sector. It identifies differences in the social field of drivers by hypothesis testing and points to the fact that in the western part of the EU, the driver profession is significantly higher in the wage than the middle and eastern parts of the EU. Individual states are putting pressure on wage increases in international road transport by national regulations to reduce the competitive pressure of lower prices for carriers located in the central and eastern parts of the European Union. These problems occurring on the road freight market are mainly due to the inconsistent payroll burden and the different levels of average wages across EU Member States.
Macroscopic model of energy demand to overcome road grade resistance of vehicle motion
Authors: Ślaski Grzegorz , Ohde Bartłomiej
Published: October 2022

The article discusses the problems of modeling of energy requirements to overcome grade resistance in vehicle motion in macroscopic scale simulations. Authors describe ways of modeling this requirement with the use of forward and backward facing models in microscopic simulations. The data limitation problem is defined, i.e. data only available in sparse values, describing only altitude of nodes between sections at length of several dozen to several hundred meters. Authors propose to use potential energy change as basic approximation of energy demand to overcome grade resistance and show estimated impact of motor and inverter efficiency on electric energy consumption. More accurate model is proposed based on additional road section parameter – hypothetical road peak. Based on carried out verification with an example of route and speed profile, significant improvement of energy estimation made with the three-parameter section altitude description is shown.
Investigation of fuel consumption of a passenger car depending on aerodynamic resistance and related aspects: a case study
Authors: Stopka Ondrej , Šarkan Branislav , Vrabel Jan , Caban Jacek
Published: October 2022

The research study investigates fuel consumption of a passenger car depending on aerodynamic resistance and related aspects. Introduction and next chapter describe all the resistance kinds affecting a passenger car while in-motion. Subsequent part outlines particular aspects such as aerodynamic resistance, aerodynamic resistance coefficient, car velocity and air temperature in terms of their effect on fuel consumption of selected passenger car. The most important chapter compares fuel consumption while a passenger car is in-motion on an expressway with closed and open windows with fuel consumption on a first class road infrastructure.
Identifying the dwell time change within the operated vehicle view
Authors: Poliak Miloš , Medviď Peter , Blaho Peter
Published: October 2022

In public transport, especially in bus services, the number of passengers decreases, largely because individual car transport are able to provide a higher quality passenger transport. Passengers choose the mode of transport based on the shortest travel time. This is why the share of individual car transport is growing, especially in suburban bus transport, but also in urban transport in smaller towns. Given that the travel time is more important for a traveler compared to the cost of transport, the aim of this contribution is to verify the hypothesis that shorter stopping times are needed for vehicles with a smaller capacity. When verifying the hypothesis, the authors will also address the issue of the impact of the number of vehicle doors and total capacity on the total travel time of the passenger.
Influence of Managerial Styles on Career Satisfaction and Occupational Stress: The Mediating Role of Followership Styles and the Interaction Effects of Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Three Star Hotels
Authors: Olivar Kiven G. , Ocio Ritchard L. , Sitier Noah James S.
Published: October 2022

The aim of the study was to determine the mediating effect of followership styles and the interaction effects of organizational citizenship behavior and influence of managerial styles on career satisfaction and occupational stress of 300 employees of three star hotels in Davao City, Philippines. This study employed descriptive correlation as part of a non-experimental design. The statistical techniques employed were mean, Pearson r, regression technique, and Medgraph employing Sobel z-test. Research finding revealed that the Sobel test depicted that the Followership Styles and the Interaction Effects of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (mediator) significantly carries the influence of Managerial style (IV )to the Career Satisfaction and Occupational Stress (DV).
Stokvels and Intra-Community Ethnic Associations in (Yaoundé) -Cameroon: Harbingers of Stability, Nation-Building and Development
Authors: Balon Sharila Shuka
Published: October 2022

This article counters the assertion that ethnicization and ethnophobia is a cause of conflict with insights from how ethnic groupings around stokvels and cultural associations help entrench political stability and accelerate rural development where governments and service delivery is in short supply. Drawing from the current geopolitical and regional conflicts splitting former English and French trust territories that have since 1972 united to become one Cameroon, the article argues that, while at its inception the government’s revision of the federal system established in the negotiated 1961 constitution, the former British trust territories of the North and South West regions of present Cameroon have remained glued around ethnic groups and co-existed until the evident and admitted attempts by the government to erode the English Common Law and Anglo-Saxon educational systems. As such a cursory of literature which suggests that ethnicization is a trigger of intractable conflicts is examined with the view of demonstrating that in present-day Cameroon, the ethnicization which has kept a fragile nation together for years is once again the harbingers upon which the country’s stability, nation-building and development is reliant. Using ‘Social Cohesion’ as a reflexive praxis upon which societies are believed to stay together, the article confronts the notion that social cohesion has to be large societal demographics and with the aid of quantitative data sourced from assessing the impact of certain stokvels and intra-community ethnic associations,  concludes that, ethnicization is a potent vehicle of stability and development.
Overcoming challenges regarding reference materials and regulations that influence global standardization of medical laboratory testing results
Authors: Miller W. Greg , Myers Gary , Cobbaert Christa M. , Young Ian S. , Theodorsson Elvar , Wielgosz Robert I. , Westwood Steven , Maniguet Stephanie , Gillery Philippe
Published: October 2022

Background

Standardized results for laboratory tests are particularly important when their interpretation depends on fixed medical practice guidelines or common reference intervals. The medical laboratory community has developed a roadmap for an infrastructure to achieve standardized test results described in the International Organization for Standardization standard 17511:2020 In vitro diagnostic medical devices – Requirements for establishing metrological traceability of values assigned to calibrators, trueness control materials and human samples. Among the challenges to implementing metrological traceability are the availability of fit-for-purpose matrix-based certified reference materials (CRMs) and requirements for regulatory review that differ among countries. A workshop in December 2021 focused on these two challenges and developed recommendations for improved practices.

Discussion

The participants agreed that prioritization of measurands for standardization should be based on their impact on medical decisions in a clinical pathway. Ensuring that matrix-based CRMs are globally available for more measurands will enable fit-for-purpose calibration hierarchies for more laboratory tests. Regulation of laboratory tests is important to ensure safety and effectiveness for the populations served. Because regulations are country or region specific, manufacturers must submit recalibration changes intended to standardize results for regulatory review to all areas in which a measuring system is marketed.

Recommendations

A standardization initiative requires collaboration and planning among all interested stakeholders. Global collaboration should be further developed for prioritization of measurands for standardization, and for coordinating the production and supply of CRMs worldwide. More uniform regulatory submission requirements are desirable when recalibration is implemented to achieve internationally standardized results.
Study on the effect of micro-shrinkage porosity on the ultra-low temperature toughness of ferritic ductile iron
Authors: Chen Shuying , Li Qingchun , Sun Ming , Song Jiajian , Sun Haiqing , Chang Guowei
Published: October 2022

In this study, the ductile iron ingots are cast using a metal mold, and the riser neck diameter is changed to control the micro-shrinkage porosity, which can affect the ultra-low temperature toughness of ferritic ductile iron. The metallographic structure and micro-shrinkage porosity were observed by an Axiovert200 MAT measurer metallographic microscope and an MLA 250 (FEI quanta) scanning electron microscope, and the number and diameter of graphite nodules and micro-shrinkage porosity size were measured by Nano Measurer 1.2 software. The effect of micro-shrinkage porosity on the ultra-low temperature toughness of ferritic ductile iron was studied. It is found that the impact energy of ductile iron decreases with the increase of micro-shrinkage porosity size, and the influence of micro-shrinkage porosity is more obvious with the decrease of temperature. The results point out that the micro-shrinkage porosity becomes the key factor affecting the ultra-low temperature impact toughness of ductile iron when the spheroidization rate of ferritic ductile iron is greater than 98% and the number of graphite nodules is more than 810 mm−2. The impact energy of ferritic ductile iron can still reach more than 12 J at −70°C when the length of micro-shrinkage porosity is less than 3.7 μm.
A new self-adaptive inertial CQ-algorithm for solving convex feasibility and monotone inclusion problems
Authors: Enyi Cyril D. , Iyiola Olaniyi S. , Ezea Chinedu G.
Published: October 2022

Using a dynamical step size technique, a new self-adaptive CQ-algorithm is proposed in the presence of an inertial term to find the solution of convex feasibility problem and monotone inclusion problem involving a finite number of maximal monotone set valued operators. To do this, in certain Banach spaces, we construct an algorithm which converges to the fixed point of right Bregman strongly nonexpansive mappings and coincidentally solves the convex feasibility and monotone inclusion problems. Strong convergence of the algorithm is achieved without computation of the associated operator norms. Interesting numerical examples which illustrate the implementation and efficiency of our scheme are also given. Results obtained via this work improve and extend on previous results of its kind, in the literature.
Infection with SARS-CoV-2 may alter the half-life of desmopressin (DDAVP) in patients with central diabetes insipidus
Authors: Dubinski Ilja , Bechtold-Dalla Pozza Susanne , Schmidt Heinrich
Published: October 2022

We present a 9-year-old boy with diabetes insipidus. The boy is treated with desmopressin (DDAVP) therapy. Under this therapy, the drinking quantity and the laboratory parameters were normal. No nocturia occurred any more. In the context of a clinically mild infection with SARS-CoV-2, the duration of action of DDAVP was significantly prolonged (approximately +50%). The original dosage was then reintroduced and was still sufficient until months later. A possible connection to the infection with SARS-CoV-2 can be suspected. Our case report should make physicians who care for patients with diabetes insipidus aware of such a possible prolongation of the effect of DDAVP. More frequent monitoring may be needed in such patients to assess the risk of symptomatic dilutional hyponatremia.
Analysis of pure nanofluid (GO/engine oil) and hybrid nanofluid (GO–Fe3O4/engine oil): Novel thermal and magnetic features
Authors: Ahmad Sohail , Ali Kashif , Ashraf Muhammad , Khalifa Hamiden Abd El-Wahed , Aziz ElSeabee Fayza Abdel , Tag El Din El Sayed M.
Published: October 2022

Hybrid nanofluids can provide better physical strength, thermal conductivity, and mechanical resistance in many thermodynamic systems than pure nanofluids. To establish the novel results, using superior types of hybrid nanoparticles like graphene oxide (GO) and iron oxide (Fe3O4) is the main focus of recent work. This study investigates the innovative thermal and magnetic features of both pure nanofluid GO/engine oil (EO) and hybrid nanofluid GO–Fe3O4
/EO under the simultaneous effects of induced as well as applied magnetic field. The chemical reaction phenomenon together with activation energy has also been taken into account. A novel algorithm based on order reduction and finite difference discretization is developed in order to numerically treat the problem. The efficiency of the code is appraised by a numerical comparison which is found to be in a good correlation with the existing results. From the consequences of this study, it is deduced that the reduction in induced magnetic field and fluid’s velocity (in case of either pure or hybrid nanofluid) is associated with the enlarging values of magnetic Prandtl number and induced magnetic field parameter. Further, activation energy is responsible for enhancement in concentration. The hybrid nano-composition of GO–Fe3O4/EO can provide the thermal stability, prevent the corrosion and make the liquid to stay in high temperature.
„Generációk munkájára támaszkodva kutatunk” Beszélgetés Hajdú Zoltánnal 70. születésnapja alkalmából [Interjú]
Authors:   Institute for Regional Studies, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Rácz Szilárd , Reményi Péter ,   Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs,   Institute for Regional Studies, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies
Published: October 2022

Zoltán Hajdú was born on May 4th, 1952 in Végardó. He completed his secondary school studies at the Rákóczi Secondary Grammar School in Sárospatak, and after his military service, he graduated from the Lajos Kossuth University of Debrecen in Geography and History. In 1976–1977, he was an assistant lecturer at the Technical University of Heavy Industry in Miskolc. He defended his doctoral dissertation at the Institute of Geography at the Lajos Kossuth University in 1977, and in 1977–1978, he became a scholarship researcher of the Central Office of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Pécs. Since 1978 he has been a research fellow at the Transdanubian Scientific Institute (and its successors) of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He defended his CSc dissertation in 1986 and became a Doctor of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 2002. His habilitation procedure was successfully completed in 2013 and he became a professor in 2017. The present semi-structured interview was conducted in March 2022 at the Institute of Regional Studies. The aim of the article is to help readers get acquainted with the most important stages of Zoltán Hajdú’s life, his relationship with geography, as well as the factors underlying the previous two and affecting his career.
SEPTICEMIA NEONATAL EM CÃO CAUSADA POR Streptococcus canis
Authors: Cerqueira Silva-Mariano Luísa , Galiza Xavier-Fialho Aline , Berselli Michele , Regina Ladeira Silvia , Gevehr Fernandes Cristina , Borelli Grecco Fabiane , Sérgio Varela Júnior Antônio , Dahl Corcini Carine
Published: October 2022

A mortalidade neonatal de cães leva a perdas econômicas e afetivas. Na primeira semana de vida, os filhotes são mais suscetíveis a infecções porque não possuem sistema imunológico e microflora satisfatórios. A identificação da etiologia da morte fetal e neonatal depende do exame histopatológico e identificação de agentes infecciosos. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso de septicemia causada por Streptococcus canis em um neonato canino de quatro dias, enviado para exame de necropsia. O veterinário responsável relatou que o canino apresentava apatia, vocalizações e aumento do volume abdominal. Na necropsia, o canino apresentava persistência da veia umbilical, extensas áreas esbranquiçadas e friáveis no fígado, aumento do volume do estômago, contendo grande quantidade de gás no seu interior, e intestinos com presença de gases e avermelhamento do hemisfério cerebral direito. O exame histopatológico demonstrou extensas áreas multifocais de necrose hepática com inúmeras bactérias, por vezes presentes no interior de vasos sanguíneos (embolia bacteriana), além de encefalite discreta. Em amostras de tecido para cultura bacteriana, a bactéria S. canis foi isolada. O cuidado neonatal precoce é essencial para reduzir as perdas e combater as principais vulnerabilidades do neonato canino, que consiste em baixa termorregulação, risco de desidratação, hipoglicemia e imaturidade imunológica. Em vista de uma abordagem terapêutica correta para reduzir a mortalidade neonatal, o exame post mortem se torna uma ferramenta importante para identificar os possíveis agentes causadores, sejam eles virais, bacterianos ou outras patologias que vão além da tríade neonatal. O S. canis está associado a infecções esporádicas e oportunistas em cães.
ACHADOS PARASITOLÓGICOS EM GAVIÃO-CARIJÓ (Rupornis magnirostris) (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae) NO PAMPA GAÚCHO – URUGUAIANA, RS, BRASIL
Authors: Somavilla Lignon Julia , Souza Junior Paulo , Candiota Souza Erick , Gonzalez Monteiro Silvia , Moscarelli Pinto Diego
Published: October 2022

O gavião-carijó (Rupornis magnirostris) pertence à ordem Accipitriformes e possui grande distribuição pela América, principalmente a América do Sul. Assim como outras aves de rapina, tem papel ecológico indispensável na manutenção do equilíbrio da fauna da região onde vivem. São hospedeiras de uma variedade de parasitos, mas há poucos estudos no Brasil. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e relatar os espécimes de parasitos achados em um gavião-carijó (R. magnirostris) encontrado na cidade de Uruguaiana, RS, Brasil e encaminhado ao laboratório do Grupo de Estudos em Enfermidades Parasitárias (GEEP). Os espécimes parasitários que estavam localizados no intestino foram identificados e montados em lâminas. As fêmeas dos parasitos foram maceradas para obtenção e identificação dos ovos. Foram identificados os gêneros e espécies Porrocaecum (n=3) (Nematoda, Ascarididae), Centrorhynchus tumidulus (n=36) (Acantocephala, Centrorhynchidae) e Platynosomum illiciens (n=8) (Platyhelminthes, Dicrocoeliidae) ocorrendo pela primeira vez em gavião-carijó (R. magnirostris) no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Centeno Rodrigues Paulo Ricardo
Published: October 2022

Editorial
Object Boundary Detection in Natural Images May Depend on “Incitatory” Cell–Cell Interactions
Authors: Mel Gabriel C. , Ramachandra Chaithanya A. , Mel Bartlett W.
Published: October 2022

Detecting object boundaries is crucial for recognition, but how the process unfolds in visual cortex remains unknown. To study the problem faced by a hypothetical boundary cell, and to predict how cortical circuitry could produce a boundary cell from a population of conventional “simple cells,” we labeled 30,000 natural image patches and used Bayes' rule to help determine how a simple cell should influence a nearby boundary cell depending on its relative offset in receptive field position and orientation. We identified the following three basic types of cell–cell interactions: rising and falling interactions with a range of slopes and saturation rates, and nonmonotonic (bump-shaped) interactions with varying modes and amplitudes. Using simple models, we show that a ubiquitous cortical circuit motif consisting of direct excitation and indirect inhibition—a compound effect we call “incitation”—can produce the entire spectrum of simple cell–boundary cell interactions found in our dataset. Moreover, we show that the synaptic weights that parameterize an incitation circuit can be learned by a single-layer “delta” rule. We conclude that incitatory interconnections are a generally useful computing mechanism that the cortex may exploit to help solve difficult natural classification problems.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSimple cells in primary visual cortex (V1) respond to oriented edges and have long been supposed to detect object boundaries, yet the prevailing model of a simple cell—a divisively normalized linear filter—is a surprisingly poor natural boundary detector. To understand why, we analyzed image statistics on and off object boundaries, allowing us to characterize the neural-style computations needed to perform well at this difficult natural classification task. We show that a simple circuit motif known to exist in V1 is capable of extracting high-quality boundary probability signals from local populations of simple cells. Our findings suggest a new, more general way of conceptualizing cell–cell interconnections in the cortex.
Cryo‐EM structure of the human NKCC1 transporter reveals mechanisms of ion coupling and specificity
Authors: Neumann Caroline , Rosenbæk Lena Lindtoft , Flygaard Rasmus Kock , Habeck Michael , Karlsen Jesper Lykkegaard , Wang Yong , Lindorff‐Larsen Kresten , Gad Hans Henrik , Hartmann Rune , Lyons Joseph Anthony , Fenton Robert A , Nissen Poul
Published: October 2022

The sodium–potassium–chloride transporter NKCC1 of the SLC12 family performs Na+‐dependent Cl−‐ and K+‐ion uptake across plasma membranes. NKCC1 is important for regulating cell volume, hearing, blood pressure, and regulation of hyperpolarizing GABAergic and glycinergic signaling in the central nervous system. Here, we present a 2.6 Å resolution cryo‐electron microscopy structure of human NKCC1 in the substrate‐loaded (Na+, K+, and 2 Cl−) and occluded, inward‐facing state that has also been observed for the SLC6‐type transporters MhsT and LeuT. Cl− binding at the Cl1 site together with the nearby K+ ion provides a crucial bridge between the LeuT‐fold scaffold and bundle domains. Cl−‐ion binding at the Cl2 site seems to undertake a structural role similar to conserved glutamate of SLC6 transporters and may allow for Cl−‐sensitive regulation of transport. Supported by functional studies in mammalian cells and computational simulations, we describe a putative Na+ release pathway along transmembrane helix 5 coupled to the Cl2 site. The results provide insight into the structure–function relationship of NKCC1 with broader implications for other SLC12 family members.
11-Oxygenated androgens are not secreted by the human ovary: in-vivo data from four different cases of hyperandrogenism
Authors: Auer Matthias K , Hawley James M , Lottspeich Christian , Bidlingmaier Martin , Sappl Andrea , Nowotny Hanna F , Tschaidse Lea , Treitl Marcus , Reincke Martin , Keevil Brian G , Reisch Nicole
Published: October 2022

Objective

Differentiation of an adrenal from an ovarian source of hyperandrogenemia can be challenging. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of 11-oxygenated C19 steroids to the androgen pool in humans. The aim of this study was to confirm the origin of 11-oxygenated androgens in females and to explore their potential use in the diagnostics of hyperandrogenic disorders.

Methods

We measured testosterone and its precursors (dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate and androstenedione) and 11-oxygenated androgens (11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (11-OHA4) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT)) in the periphery, adrenal and ovarian veins in four different cases of hyperandrogenism in females (polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia, Sertoli–Leydig cell tumor and ovarian steroid cell tumor).

Results

Two patients demonstrate excessive testosterone secretion in neoplastic ovarian tumors which was not paralleled by a significant secretion of 11-oxygenated androgens as determined by adrenal and ovarian vein sampling. In androgen-secreting bilateral adrenal macronodular hyperplasia, steroid profiles were characterized by elevated 11-KT and 11-OHA4 concentrations in adrenal veins and the periphery. In the patient with PCOS, peripheral 11-KT concentrations were slightly elevated in comparison to the other patients, but the 11-KT and 11-OHA4 concentrations were comparable in ovarian veins and in the periphery.

Conclusion

This study confirms that 11-OHA4 and 11-KT are not biosynthesized by the ovary. We propose that the testosterone/11-KT ratio as well as 11-OHA4 could help identify predominant adrenal androgen excess and distinguish neoplastic and non-neoplastic ovarian androgen source.

Significance statement

This study confirms that 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (11-OHA4) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) are not biosynthesized by the human ovary. We propose that the testosterone/11-KT ratio as well as 11-OHA4 could help to identify predominant adrenal androgen excess and distinguish neoplastic and non-neoplastic ovarian androgen source.
La utilización de las tecnologías para auxiliar el aprendizaje y desarrollo de la lectura y la escritura en los años iniciales de la educación básica
Authors: Wolschick Rambo Roseli , Michel Zanatta Rosani Fatima , Lorenz Martins Rosemari , Vieira Lopes Edilaine
Published: October 2022

El artículo tiene el objetivo general de plantear una discusión teórica acerca de la utilización de tecnologías digitales para auxiliar a los estudiantes de los años iniciales de la educación básica en el proceso de aprendizaje y desarrollo de habilidades de lectura y escritura. Los objetivos específicos son demostrar que se puede utilizar las metodologías de enseñanza a partir de recursos tecnológicos disponibles en la escuela para promover la construcción de aprendizaje de lectura y escritura mediante la exploración adecuada de la tecnología y ofrecerle al docente nuevas estrategias pedagógicas con recursos más diversos, interactivos y dinámicos. De esta manera, se busca aportar con una aproximación del estudiante a los recursos tecnológicos en la enseñanza, de forma consciente, brindándole soporte en la comprensión, despertándole el interés y el gozo en el aprendizaje de la lectura y la escritura. La utilización de estas herramientas en la escuela es importante, pues la generación online está acostumbrada con el internet. Por lo tanto, es necesario convivir con las tecnologías y utilizarlas en pro de los estudiantes para la adquisición de nuevos conocimientos, pero sin olvidar los procesos de literacia digital que promueven la diversidad y la inclusión.
Extraction of lignin using scCO2 and preparation of high-performance composite films with poly(vinyl alcohol)
Authors: Feng Yan-Hong , Shi Fei-Ming , Zhang Yun-Hao , Jiang Yue-Ping , Sun Hang , Wu Bo , Zhou Xi-Ling
Published: October 2022

Lignin (SCEL) was separated from steam-exploded eucalyptus wood fibers using a supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2)–ethanol/water composite medium, which was compared with traditional industrial alkaline extraction of lignin (AL) and high-temperature ethanol extraction of lignin (EL). All three kinds of lignin were spray-dried to form microparticles. The obtained SCEL, AL, and EL particles were mixed with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) to prepare a composite film. Compared with the pure PVOH film, the transmittance of the composite film to ultraviolet light was reduced from more than 70% to less than 20%, and the tensile strengths of the SCEL/PVOH, AL/PVOH, and EL/PVOH films were increased by 79.2%, 39.1%, and 66.0%, respectively. The water contact angle was increased from 35.5° to 95.3°, 59.5°, and 66.7°, respectively. In terms of performance improvement, SCEL had a better effect. The SCEL particle size was small and uniform, and SCEL contained more S-type structural units and β-O-4 bonds, which is conducive to its uniform dispersion in the PVOH matrix and increases the contact area between lignin and ultraviolet light, thereby improving its anti-ultraviolet performance. The hydrophilic groups in lignin form a large number of hydrogen bonds with PVOH, which promotes the combination of lignin and PVOH, and at the same time exposes a large number of hydrophobic groups of lignin, which improves the mechanical properties and the hydrophobicity of the film.
Inkonsistensi Penerapan Business Judgment Rule Terhadap Anak Perusahaan Badan Usaha Milik Negara
Authors: Nasution Latipah
Published: October 2022

The breadth of the scope of state finances has implications for the extent of supervision carried out by the Supreme Audit Agency (BPK), the provisions of article 2 letter g of Law Number 17 of 2003 concerning State Finance state that assets are separated from state/regional companies; then Article 6 paragraph 1 and Article 10 paragraph 1 of Law Number 15 of 2006 the Supreme Audit Agency contains the phrase "another institution or agency that manages state finances." This phrase does not provide legal certainty regarding the limits of the BPK's authority in conducting audits. So that BUMN Subsidiaries become the object of examination by the BPK which is not actually its authority. The research method in this article uses a normative method with a conceptual approach. The results of the study indicate that there is an excess of authority by BPK in carrying out its authority, examination of State Subsidiaries which are not under the authority of BPK. This is based on the separation of state assets in business entities and is supported by the theory of legal entities and the transformation of state finances.Keywords: Separation of National Assets; State finances; Public Legal Entities; Business Judgment Rule AbstrakLuasnya lingkup keuangan negara memberikan implikasi pada luasnya pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (BPK), ketentuan pasal 2 huruf g Undang-Undang Nomor 17 tahun 2003 tentang Keuangan Negara menyatakan bahwa kekayaan yang dipisahkan pada perusahaan negara/ perusahaan daerah; kemudian Pasal 6 ayat 1 dan Pasal 10 ayat 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2006 Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan terdapat frasa “lembaga atau badan lain yang mengelola keuangan negara.” Frasa tersebut tidak memberikan kepastian hukum terhadap batasan kewenangan BPK dalam melakukan pemeriksaan. Sehingga Anak Perusahaan BUMN menjadi objek pemeriksaan oleh BPK yang sejatinya bukan merupakan kewenangannya. Metode penelitian pada artikel ini menggunakan metode normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pelampauan wewenang yang dilakukan BPK dalam menjalankan kewenangannya, pemeriksaan terhadap Anak Perusahaan Negara yang bukan merupakan kewenangan BPK. Hal ini didasari karena adanya pemisahan kekayaan negara pada badan usaha dan didukung oleh teori badan hukum dan transformasi keuangan negara.Kata Kunci: Pemisahan Kekayaan Negara; Keuangan Negara; Badan Hukum Publik; Business Judgment Rule
Perlindungan Hukum Dan Penyelesaian Sengketa Terhadap Pemenang Lelang Yang Tidak Dapat Menguasai Objek Lelang
Authors: Fattabania M Rizal , Maryano Maryano , Martanti Yurisa
Published: October 2022

The object of the mortgage guarantee is regulated in Article 6 of Law Number 4 of 1996. In practice, discrepancies have been found regarding the auction. Many auction winners cannot control the auction objects they have won. The method used in this research is the normative legal method with the type of normative juridical research, namely library law research or secondary data with primary, secondary and tertiary legal sources. From the results of the study, it can be obtained that dispute resolution can be carried out through litigation and non-litigation and legal protection of the auction winner in article 25 PMK 213/PMK.06/2020 auctions that have been carried out in accordance with the provisions of the legislation, cannot be canceled. Therefore, if the winner of the auction cannot control the object, he can sue through litigation or non-litigation and legal protection here should be if the winner of the auction has been determined then the object of the auction has been owned.Keywords: Mortgage; Auction; Dispute Resolution; Legal Protection AbstrakObjek jaminan hak tanggungan diatur dalam pasal 6 Undang-Undang Nomor 4 tahun 1996. Dalam praktik ditemukan adanya ketidaksesuaian mengenai lelang. Banyak pemenang lelang tidak dapat mengusai objek lelang yang telah dimenangkannya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode hukum normatif dengan jenis penelitian yuridis normative, yaitu penelitian hukum kepustakaan atau data sekunder dengan sumber bahan-bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier. Dari hasil penelitian dapat diperoleh yaitu penyelesaian sengketa dapat dilakukan melalui jalur litigasi dan non litigasi dan perlindungan hukum pemenang lelang dalam pasal 25 PMK 213/PMK.06/2020 lelang yang telah dilaksanakan sesuai dengan ketentun peraturan perundangan-undangan, tidak dapat dibatalkan. Oleh karena itu pemenang lelang jika tidak bisa menguasai objeknya dapat menggugat melalui jalur litigasi maupun jalur non litigasi dan perlindungan hukum disini seharusnya jika pemenang lelang sudah ditentukan maka objek lelang telah dimiliknya.Kata Kunci: Hak Tanggungan; Lelang; Penyelesaian Sengketa; Perlindungan Hukum
Kepastian Hukum Dalam Pelaksanaan Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham Melalui Video Konferensi Berdasarkan Konsep Cyber Notary Di Indonesia
Authors: Aditio Ilhaam , Yuhelson Yuhelson , Maryano Maryano
Published: October 2022

The GMS allows owners residing abroad to join via teleconference with other shareholders. In accordance with Article 76 jo 77 of the Company Law, the GMS may be conducted in person or via electronic media. The most crucial aspect of the GMS is that all participants can see, hear, and participate directly. Nevertheless, the authenticity of a notarial act must be preserved. The notion of Cyber Notary continues to violate Article 1 point 7 and Article 16 paragraph (1) letter m of the UUJN. This study employs normative legal research in an effort to gather the pertinent information regarding the issue. The data should be utilized in conjunction with secondary and tertiary items. In addition, primary data is utilized to support secondary data-based legal documents. Using the method of normative legal analysis, the data were analyzed. The results of the study indicate that the GMS held via video conference can be considered an authentic deed if it applies the legal principle of lex specialis derogate lex generalis, where lex the general is Article 16 paragraph (1) letter m of the Notary Position Act and lex the specialist is Article 77 paragraph (1) in conjunction with the Explanation of Article 77 paragraph (4) of the Limited Liability Company Law.Keywords: GMS; Cyber Notary; Teleconferencing AbstrakPara pemegang saham yang berada diluar negeri dapat mengikuti RUPS menggunakan media telekonferensi dengan pemegang saham lainnya. RUPS menurut Pasal 76 jo 77 UUPT dapat dilakukan secara tatap muka ataupun melalui media elektronik. Hal terpenting bahwa semua peserta RUPS dapat melihat, mendengar, dan berpartisipasi secara langsung dalam RUPS. Namun demikian, sifat autentik dari suatu akta Notaris tetap harus dijaga. Konsep Cyber Notary masih bertentangan dengan Pasal 1 angka 7 UUJN dan Pasal 16 ayat (1) huruf m. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif yang dilakukan sebagai upaya untuk mendapatkan data yang diperlukan sehubungan dengan permasalahan. Data yang akan digunakan dengan data sekunder dan bahan tertier. Disamping itu juga digunakan data primer sebagai pendukung bahan hukum data sekunder. Untuk analisis data dilakukan dengan metode analisis yuridis normatif. Dari hasil penelitian dapat diperoleh bahwa RUPS yaang dilaksanakan melalui video konferensi dapat disebut sebagai akta autentik jika menggunakan asas perundang-undangan lex specialis derogate lex generalis dimana yang menjadi lex generalis adalah Pasal 16 ayat (1) huruf m Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris, sedangkan lex specialis-nya adalah Pasal 77 ayat (1) jo Penjelasan Pasal 77 ayat (4) Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas.Kata Kunci: RUPS; Cyber Notary; Telekonferensi
Implementasi Restorative Justice Pada Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi Tindak Pidana Pinjaman Online Sesuai Sistem Peradilan Pidana Di Indonesia
Authors: Hidayat Afif Rachmat , Sriwidodo Joko , Paparang Santrawan
Published: October 2022

Criminal responsibility is requested for people who have committed a crime. Criminal liability is defined as the continuation of objective reproaches that exist in criminal acts and subjectively those who meet the requirements to be convicted for their actions. There are many reports related to online loan cases that occur today, many victims report complaints to the OJK, because many people feel cheated by online loans, while it is not certain in the case of online loan creditors who are victims. In this paper the authors use qualitative research methods. The results of this study are to explain how restorative justice and corporate criminal acts are carried out by Fintech as a forum for providing online money lending services.Keywords: Fintech; Online Pinajman; Corporate Criminal Liability AbstrakPertanggungjawaban pidana dimintakan kepada orang yang telah melakukan tindak pidana. Pertanggungjawaban pidana diartikan sebagai diteruskannya celaan yang objektif yang ada pada perbuatan pidanda dan secara subjektif yang ada memenuhi syarat untuk dapat dipidana karena perbuatannya itu. Banyak laporan terkait kasus pinjaman online yang terjadi saat ini banyak korban melaporkan keluhan terhadap OJK, dikarenakan banyak orang yang merasa tertipu dengan pinjaman online, sedangkan belum dapat dipastikan dalam kasus pinjaman online kreditur yang menjadi korban. Dalam penulisan ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan bagaimana upaya restorative justice dan tindak pidana korporasi yang dilakukan oleh pihak Fintech sebagai wadah penyedia jasa peminjaman uang secara online.Kata Kunci: Fintech; Pinajman Online; Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi