bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction and validation the first prognostic models of progression-free survival in gastric cancer patients after gastrectomy with deficient mismatch repair: Nomogram and three machine learning models approaches
Authors: Ma Jinfeng , Cheng Wenhua , Li Yifan
Published: July 2024

Objective
To assess the effectiveness of a machine learning framework and nomogram in predicting progression-free survival (PFS) post radical gastrectomy in patients with dMMR.
Method
An observational study conducted at Shanxi Cancer Hospital from 2002 to 2020 focused on developing and evaluating three machine learning models and nomogram to forecast PFS in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for nonmetastatic gastric cancer with dMMR. Independent risk factors were identified using Cox regression analysis to develop the nomogram. The performance of the models was assessed through C-index, time receiver operating characteristic (T-ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) curves in both training and validation cohorts. Subsequently, patients were categorized into high-risk and low-risk groups based on the nomogram's risk scores.
Results
Among the 582 patients studied, machine learning models exhibited higher c-index values compared to the nomogram. RSF demonstrated the highest c-index (0.968), followed by XG boosting (0.945), DST (0.924), the nomogram (0.808), and 8th TNM staging (0.757). Age, positive lymph nodes, neural invasion, and Ki67 were identified as key factors and integrated into the prognostic nomogram. Calibration and DCA curves provided evidence of the accuracy and clinical benefits of both machine learning and nomogram models.
Conclusion
Our study first successfully developed and validated machine learning and nomogram model based on clinical parameters for predicting 3-, 5-year PFS among dMMR gastric patients following gastrectomy. The nomogram exhibited a remarkable capability in identifying high-risk patients, furnishing clinicians with invaluable insights for postoperative surveillance and tailored therapeutic interventions.
Risk of Stroke after Vaccination against COVID19 in Patients with Moyamoya Disease: Nationwide Cohort Observational Study
Authors: Byoun Hyoung Soo , Lee Si Un , Won Yu Deok , Choi Tae Won , Lee Sang Hyo , Kim Young-Deok , Ban Seung Pil , Bang Jae Seung , Kwon O-Ki , Oh Chang Wan
Published: July 2024

The safety and efficacy of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in patients diagnosed with Moyamoya disease (MMD) have not been established. Using National Health Insurance Service data, this study analyzed the occurrence of stroke-related events and mortality following COVID-19 vaccination among patients diagnosed with MMD from 2008 to 2020. Among 10,297 MMD patients, 296 (2.9%) experienced stroke-related events and 175 (1.7%) died in 2021. Significant risk factors for events included ages 50–59 (Odds Ratio [OR] 3.29; P = 0.022) and 60 or above (OR 5.20; P = 0.001), low BMI (OR 2.00; P = 0.011), previous stroke (OR 1.96; P < 0.001), and COVID-19 infection (OR 2.28; P = 0.034). Female (OR 0.64; P = 0.011), revascularization surgery (RS) (OR 0.38; P < 0.001), and vaccination (OR 0.17; P < 0.001) were protective. For mortality, significant risks were age over 60 (OR 7.09; P = 0.008), low BMI (OR 3.87; P = 0.001), and prior stroke (OR 1.74; p = 0.004), while being female, RS (OR 0.41; P = 0.022), and vaccination (OR 0.12; P < 0.001) were preventive. mRNA vaccines were more effective than vector vaccines in preventing events, mortality, and COVID19 infections. COVID-19 vaccination significantly reduces stroke-related events and mortality in MMD patients, with mRNA vaccines being more effective. COVID-19 infection raises the risk of events, underscoring the benefit of vaccination.
Learning Curve of Radiological Technologist Venipuncture Trainees in Nuclear Medicine
Authors: Noguchi Tomoyuki , Matsuura Shuji , Maehara Junki , Kikuno Akihisa , Ogura Takuji , Shiraishi Takahiro , Emi Kouichiro , Harada Shino , Ooura Hiroki , Imanishi Mika , Kitaguchi Takanori
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE
This study evaluated RTc’s venipuncture learning performance according to our training program in nuclear medicine, requiring monitoring and comparison with physicians to ensure safety.
METHODS
During a three-month period, 162 and 125 patients in nuclear medicine underwent venipuncture by six Radiologists and four second-year Residents, respectively. Each of the six RTc trainees performed venipuncture on 60 patients during a six-month period. Venipuncture success rates, reflecting how often examinees performed punctures for a patient, and the frequency of venipuncture attempts, indicating how often a patient was punctured by examinees, were compared among Radiologists, Residents, and RTc trainees.
RESULTS
Radiologists and Residents achieved average success rates of 87% and 74%, respectively. RTc trainees had an overall success rate of 86%, significantly outperforming Residents. Learning curve analysis for RTc trainees showed the average venipuncture success rates across six groups of ten cases were 82%, 86%, 82%, 88%, 88%, and 91%, respectively, with the sixth group significantly outperforming Residents. The distribution of venipuncture attempts indicated comparable success rates within two attempts between physicians and RTc trainees (98% vs. 97%, p = 0.11).
CONCLUSIONS
Our RTc venipuncture training program in nuclear medicine highlighted RTc trainees' competence in venipuncture, demonstrating improvement over consecutive cases and comparable outcomes to physicians with safety. Our learning curve analysis suggests that RTc trainees may need to perform more than 60 procedures to reach the desired skill level.
The Link Frame Model (LFM), a tool for the seismic analysis of timber frame buildings considering system effects
Authors: López Nicol , Berwart Sebastián , Guindos Pablo
Published: July 2024

This article proposes a model that makes possible the seismic analysis of timber frame multistory buildings in general-purpose software. The model is entitled Link Frame Model (LFM) and shows the following advantages in comparison to previous models: (1) it can model shearwalls only with frame elements and links with errors close to 0% with respect to analytical code models such as e.g. the Special Design Provisions for Wind and Seismic (SDPWS); (2) it can be used for both equivalent lateral force procedures and modal spectral analysis and gravitational calculations; (3) the computation of the natural period shows deviations close to 0% in comparison with eigenvalues and eigenvectors; (4) it can be implemented in general purpose structural analysis software such as e.g. ETABS or SAP2000; and (5) building system effects, i.e. interaction of shearwalls with other assemblies, can optionally be captured if assigning the proper diaphragm out-of-plane flexural stiffness. Given the great impact of this last aspect in practical design, and the lack of its research, this paper does not only present the model and validation itself, but also analyzes the consequences of considering system effects in a representative case study building. The analysis demonstrates that the average shearwall tension (uplift) of regular buildings can decrease by 80% if considering system effects, which could make timber buildings much more cost competitive in seismic countries.
Machine learning-based landslide velocity prediction model: incorporating multi- expression programming and discrete element modeling
Authors: Gardezi Hasnain , Li Xingyue , Huang Yu
Published: July 2024

The estimation of flow parameters for gravitational flows, such as velocity, volume, and runout distance is important for disaster prevention and mitigation. In this study, we have developed a prediction model for the frontal velocity of landslides using multi-expression programming (MEP), and discrete element modeling (DEM) as a function of slope angle, slope length, volume, coefficient of energy transfer, rolling friction and static friction. Moreover, we have also determined the percentage effect of each parameter on the front velocity. The range of the values for these parameters was selected from well-documented historical cases and experimental studies. The physical modeling results indicate that the front velocity was greatly influenced by the variation in slope angle and friction parameters. The developed prediction model was validated by comparing it with various statistical indices, and by performing sensitivity analysis, which validated the experimental observations that slope angle and friction parameters control the frontal velocity by 53% and 25% respectively. Moreover, a second-level validation was carried out by comparing the predicted front velocity with the front velocity of historical rock landslide cases and found to be in good agreement. It is hoped that the proposed model will help disaster mitigation and risk assessment by effectively predicting the front velocity of the imminent slides, and also reduce the computational cost, time, and resources.
Causal effects of skin microbiota on intervertebral disk degeneration, low back pain and sciatica: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Jia Yuchao , Chen Houcong , Huang Shengbo , Huo Zhenxin , Xu Baoshan
Published: July 2024

Objective
The purpose of this study is to use two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal relationship between skin microbiota, especially Propionibacterium acnes, and intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), low back pain (LBP) and sciatica.
Methods
We conducted a two-sample MR using the aggregated data from the whole genome-wide association studies (GWAS). 150 skin microbiota were derived from the GWAS catalog and IVDD, LBP and sciatica were obtained from the IEU Open GWAS project. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) was the primary research method, with MR-Egger and Weighted median as supplementary methods. Perform sensitivity analysis and reverse MR analysis on all MR results.
Results
MR revealed three skin microbiota associated with IVDD, five associated with LBP, and five with sciatica. Specifically, there was no significant causal relationship between skin-derived P.acnes and IVDD, LBP and sciatica; IVDD was found to increase the abundance of P.acnes. Furthermore, ASV010 [Staphylococcus (unc.)] from dry skin was a risk factor for LBP and sciatica; unclassified Acinetobacter and Acinetobacter johnsonii from dry skin environments exhibit potential protective effects against LBP and sciatica; ASV065 [Finegoldia (unc.)] from dry skin was a protective factor for IVDD and LBP.
Conclusions
This study identified a potential causal relationship between skin microbiota and IVDD, LBP, and sciatica. No evidence suggests skin-derived P.acnes is a risk factor for IVDD, LBP, and sciatica. At the same time, IVDD can potentially cause an increase in P.acnes abundance, which supports the contamination theory.
Use of accelerometry and Global Positioning System (GPS) to describe children’s park-based physical activity among racial/ethnic minority youth
Authors: Alberico Claudia , Zweig Maria , Carter Allison , Hughey S. Morgan , Huang Jing-Heui , Schipperijn Jasper , Floyd Myron F , Hipp J. Aaron
Published: July 2024

Parks are one component of the built environment to promote regular physical activity (PA) among youth. This study investigated differences in park-based PA among youth based on demographics and park features in racially/ethnically diverse communities. In 2017-2018, parks were selected in majority Asian (n=3), Latino (n=5), and Black (n=4) neighborhoods in North Carolina (n=6) and New York (n=6). Researchers recruited parents/caregivers of 5–10-year-olds to participate. Children wore an Actigraph GT3+ waist accelerometer and a QStarz GPS unit and were instructed to play normally for at least 15 minutes. Evenson cutpoints were used to classify PA levels as sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous. Chi-squared tests and non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to examine differences in PA intensity minutes (sedentary, light, moderate-to-vigorous) across study location and demographic variables. Youth participated from NY (n=200) and NC (n=157). Overall, most park-based PA was spent in light intensity (59.9%), followed by moderate-to-vigorous intensity (32.4%). Females, compared to male participants, spent more time in sedentary behavior (9.0%, 6.1%) and less time in moderate-to-vigorous PA (26.6%, 38.1%). Participants who identified as Black (32.9% MVPA), Latino (35.8%), and Other (39.8%) spent higher percentages of time in moderate-to-vigorous PA than Asian (26.6%) and non-Hispanic White (21.3%) participants. The highest proportion of moderate-to-vigorous PA occurred on swing sets (46%) and basketball courts (45%). Racial/ethnic, sex, and activity area differences in park-based PA indicate that diverse youth use parks uniquely; these factors should be considered in designing parks for various ages and backgrounds.
Urological Outcomes in Adult Females Born with Anorectal Malformation or Hirschsprung Disease
Authors: Wehrli Lea A. , Harris Kelly , Wood Dan , Wilcox Duncan , Cooper Emily H. , Rieck Jared M. , McGuire Elisha , Ketzer Jill , Torre Luis De La , Peña Alberto , Bischoff Andrea
Published: July 2024

Introduction
Women born with anorectal malformation (ARM) or Hirschsprung disease (HD) may have impaired urologic function resulting in sequelae in adulthood. This study assessed and compared self-reported urinary outcomes in adult females born with ARM or HD to a reference population.
Methods
This was an IRB approved, cross-sectional study of female born patients with ARM or HD, who completed surveys between November 2021 and August 2022. Female patients between the ages of 18 and 80 years were included. Lower Urinary Tract Symptom questionnaires were administered through REDCap and the responses were compared to a reference population using chi-squared or Fisher’s exact tests.
Results
Sixty-six born female patients answered the questionnaires, two of them identified as non-binary. The response rate was 76%. Median age was 31.6 years. The majority were born with cloaca (56.3%), followed by other type of ARMs (28.1%), Complex Malformation (9.4%), and HD (6.3%). A history of bladder reconstruction was present for 26.6%. Catheterization through a channel or native urethra was present in 18.8%. Two had ureterostomies and were excluded from the analysis. Seven had chronic kidney disease or end stage renal disease, three with a history of kidney transplantation.
Patients with cloaca had significantly higher rates of urinary incontinence, urinary tract infection, and social problems due to impaired urological functioning, when compared to an age-matched reference population (Table 3).
Conclusion
This study emphasizes the need for a multi-disciplinary team that includes urology and nephrology following patients with ARM long-term, especially within the subgroup of cloaca.
In-Person Training Plus E-learning Video on Dressing Change in Orthopedic Ward: A Before-After Observational Study
Authors: Ory Jérôme , Tien Hung Phan , Careno Elodie , Hai Vinh Vu , Minh Quang Le , Lavigne Jean Philippe , Didier Laureillard , Sotto Albert
Published: July 2024

Introduction :
Infection prevention and control (IPC) training can prevent healthcare-associated infections. To assess healthcare worker compliance with dressing change (DC) guidelines before and after different training modalities.
Methods :
Observational study has performed in orthopedic department in a Vietnamese hospital. Forty-five nurses were trained for DC practices over three training sessions and 26 nurses were trained on hand hygiene (HH) in two training sessions. DC practices were assessed from November 2019 (ADC1: assessment dressing change 1) to May 2022 (ADC2). The evaluation concerned: HH opportunities and glove removal; patient and equipment installation; and the installation steps of the dressing set and antisepsis. Between ADC1 and ADC2, training courses were performed and a short (<6 min) e-learning video was available, explaining the DC. Twenty-two and 27 DC were assessed in ADC1 and in ADC2, respectively.
Results :
Dressing changes were mainly performed after orthopedic surgeries such as osteosynthesis or hip prosthesis. The grip mode for DC was mainly clamps without sterile gloves. Wounds were systematically disinfected by an antiseptic. The principle of cleanest to dirtiest was respected in 45% cases in ADC1, rising significantly to 100% for ADC2. The bandage used was sterile compresses with strip. Overall compliance increased significantly from 50% to 89.5% from ADC1 to ADC2, particularly for glove removal, the patient and equipment installation and the installation steps of the dressing set. HH compliance increased significantlyfrom 44.8% to 74.1%.
Conclusions :
IC learning significantly improved the IPC practices in the DC. Healthcare worker education is crucial when targeting interventions for IPC.
Comparison of the neuroprotective effects of gossiping on cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Cinar Irfan , Yayla Muhammed , Binnetoğlu Damla , Bayram Pınar
Published: July 2024

Aims:The aim of this study is to investigate the possible protective neuroprotective effects of gossypine (GOS) against cisplatin (CIS) (cis-diamminedichloroplatin [II]) toxicity.
Materials and methods:CIS (In-vitro; 50 and 100 µM, In-vivo; 10 mg/kg/day) toxicity was created In-vitro and In-vivo, and GOS administration (In-vitro; 50, 75 and 100 µM, In-vivo; 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg/day).
Key findings:We used different methods that supported each other. In primary neuron culture, cell proliferation was protected against CIS toxicity in a time-dependent manner with applying GOS. Oxidative/antioxidative markers were normalized in a dose-dependent manner with gossypin administration. In the mechanisms of neurotoxic/neuroprotective (iNOS/nNOS) and inhibition of inflammatory mediators (TNF-a and NF-kB), gossypin has been shown to inhibit NF-kB activation to suppress CIS-induced inflammation in primary neuron culture cells. It has been shown to have antiapoptotic effects in healthy tissues and cells by inhibiting CASP-3 and CASP-9 mRNA levels by regulating the ratio of BCL2/BAX, which are pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic indicators.
Significance:We conclude that It has been shown that gossypin may be an ideal neuroprotective agent with potent antioxidant capacity and does not reduce the antitumor activity of the chemotherapeutic drug.
Traditional Chinese medicine combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Key drug screening and mechanism analysis
Authors: Tang Qian , Zheng Xuefang , Tang Yu , Xian Zhengping , Wu Fengjiao , Cao Hongyu , Du Yanan
Published: July 2024

In the course of clinical treatment for anti-tumor, the combination of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and other treatment schemes can reduce toxicity and increase efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to find out the key TCM and effective components for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and analyze its therapeutic mechanism by analyzing the prescription of TCM combined with chemotherapy for NSCLC. Firstly, the prescriptions of TCM in the randomized controlled trials combined with chemotherapy for NSCLC were collected, and the core TCM was screened by frequency statistics, association rule analysis and cluster analysis. Then, the intersection targets of the potential effects of NSCLC and core Chinese medicine were collected, and PPI analysis and enrichment analysis were performed on the intersection targets to screen the core targets, components and pathways, and the core components were verified by molecular docking and cell experiments. In this study, 269 prescriptions were collected, among which the frequency of medication for Astragalus membranaceus (HQ, in Chinese), Wolfiporia cocos (FL, in Chinese), Atractylodes macrocephala (BZ, in Chinese) was over 100. Association rule analysis showed that they were highly correlated and clustered into the same category in cluster analysis. Their core components were Quercetin, Kaempferol and Isorhamnetin. The molecular docking results of the core components with the core targets AKT1 and EGFR obtained by PPI network analysis showed that they could bind stably. KEGG analysis screened 110 pathways including PI3K-Akt; the results of CCK-8 showed that Quercetin, Kaempferol and Isorhamnetin could effectively inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells, and Isorhamnetin had the best inhibitory effect. Isorhamnetin can inhibit the migration and invasion of A549 cells, induce apoptosis, G1 phase arrest, and decrease the expression of P-PI3K and P-AKT in A549 cells. In a word, the key TCM for the treatment of NSCLC include HQ, FL, BZ, etc. and its key components Quercetin, Kaempferol, Isorhamnetin have potential therapeutic effects on NSCLC according to the research results.
Comparing Probabilistic Logic Factored MDPs, CART and MLPs for Behavior Selection in Self-Driving Cars
Authors: Avilés Héctor , Rodríguez Verónica , Reyes Alberto , Machucho Rubén , Negrete Marco , Ramírez Gabriel , Rivera Karelly , Hernández Melchor , Pérez Omar , Garza Gloria de la , Vázquez Sergio , Petrilli Alberto
Published: July 2024

We present a comparative study of probabilistic logic factored Markov decision processes (PL-fMDPs), classification and regression trees (CART), and multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) for behavior selection in self-driving cars. While CART and MLPs are widely used in decision-making, PL-fMDPs have been recently proposed for autonomous behavior selection with promising results. We carried out three main tests to evaluate these models: (i) learning and testing with examples taken from a simulated self-driving vehicle in a race-like scenario, (ii) comparison with actions of human drivers, and (iii) navigation of a self-driving car in two adverse and unknown road scenarios. In the first and third tests, CART slightly outperformed MLPs, and both narrowly surpassed PL-fMDPs. However, PL-fMDPs showed noticeably better alignment with the decisions of human drivers in the second test, at the cost of increased learning and testing time. The results demonstrate the competitiveness of all three approaches, although the definitive superiority of any one model was not observed across all evaluation contexts. This reinforces the need to explore hybrid approaches that combine symbolic, probabilistic, and connectionist models to leverage their respective strengths and mitigate their limitations for autonomous driving in self-driving cars.
Aligned 𝛼-FAPbI3 (100) Facet toward Efficient Photovoltaic Operation
Authors: Wang Zhao-Kui , Wang Kai-Li , Liu Dong , Deger Caner , Lou Yan-Hui , Song Bin , Chen Jing , Chen Chun-Hao , Xia Yu , He Xiao-Yin , Huang Lei , Wu Zhong-Chen , Yavuz Ilhan , Liao Liang-Sheng
Published: July 2024

The disorder and disarray of 𝛼-FAPbI3 (100), (110), and (111) facets at the primary charge injection barrier (SnO2/perovskite interface) significantly hinder interfacial crystallography investigations into carrier extraction and transport processes, thereby limiting improvements in device performance. Here, we aligned the growth and arrangement of 𝛼-FAPbI3 facets at the SnO2/perovskite interface by incorporating carboxylic acid molecules. The highly uniform distribution of (100) perovskite facets at the SnO2/perovskite interface is successfully achieved, leading to a substantial improvement in carrier transport and overall device performance. Consequently, the fabricated photovoltaic device delivered an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 26.18% (25.49% certified). After stable operation for over 2400 hours under maximum power point tracking, the device still maintained over 91% of its initial efficiency, showcasing outstanding stability.
Spatial-Confinement in Biomimetic Catalysts: Enhancing Homolytic Sulfur-Chain Reactions and Enzyme-like Activity for High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Cai Dong , Li Tingting , Dong Yang , Guo Zeyi , Yang Shuo , Shu meiling , Zhou Xuemei , Tang Hao , Guan Jia , Tu Haoran , Yang Zhi
Published: July 2024

The most burning issue for high-energy-density lithium-sulfur batteries is developing high-efficient catalyst to address sulfur reaction kinetics and lithium polysulfide shuttling effects. In this work, we present Fe-TCPP@Cu-BTC, a biomimetic catalyst that mimics cytochrome c oxidase, by encapsulating porphyrin-based small molecules into metal-organic frameworks, for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries. Through a series of in-situ spectroscopic analyses and theoretical simulations, it was found that the Cu-Fe bimetallic center within the spatially confined Fe-TCPP@Cu-BTC significantly promotes the homolytic cleavage of Li2S6 to LiS3, and accelerates their subsequent conversion to Li2S. The enzyme-like properties were further evaluated using Michaelis-Menten kinetics, confirming that the homolytic reaction can increase the sulfur conversion rate by nearly 100-fold. As a result, the pouch lithium-sulfur batteries delivered an energy density exceeding 300 Wh/kg. This work demonstrates the tremendous potential of component and structural regulation of biomimetic enzymes in the conversion reactions of metal-sulfur batteries.
Coherent Dynamics Unraveling Exciton-carrier Correlations in Orthorhombic Lead Halide Perovskite
Authors: Jha Ajay , Tiwari Vandana , Zheng Fulu , Liu Zihui , Nayak Pabitra K. , Thorwart Michael , Miller RJ Dwayne , Duan Hong-Guang
Published: July 2024

Capturing the temporal evolution and correlations among photoinduced species in semiconductors presents an exciting ground for uncovering new physics and discovering novel phenomena. In this work, we utilize ultrafast two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) to investigate the temporal evolution and correlations among photoinduced species in orthorhombic lead halide perovskite at a cryogenic temperature of 15 K. Unlike tetragonal phase at room temperature, the orthorhombic phase shows a distinct strong excitonic absorption peak at 13350 cm−1, and thus, excitons and carriers can simultaneously be generated and temporally tracked using a broadband laser pulse. Low-temperature measurement facilitates clearer differentiation of exciton and carrier bands within 2D electronic spectra, while also enabling the identification of interactions between excitons and carriers through the observation of cross peaks immediately post-photoexcitation. Our analysis demonstrates an ultrafast population transfer from charge carriers to excitons in perovskites, associated with specific low-frequency inorganic sublattice phonons and high-frequency vibrations linked to methylammonium cation motion. Through first-principle calculations and non-adiabatic excited state dynamics simulations, we elucidate the origin and coupling of these vibrational modes, shedding light on the dynamics of “hot” carriers and electron-hole recombination. Overall, our findings elucidate the detailed mechanism underlying the evolution of electronically coupled excitons and carriers in orthorhombic perovskite, contributing to a deeper understanding of exciton-carrier interactions and their modulation by lattice vibrations in complex condensed matter systems.
Large Language Models for Crop Yield Prediction
Authors: Tan Keong
Published: July 2024

Accurate crop yield prediction is vital for agricultural planning and food security. Traditional methods often struggle to integrate diverse datasets, leading to suboptimal predictions. This paper introduces a novel approach leveraging large language models (LLMs), specifically GPT-4, combined with prompt engineering to enhance predictive accuracy. Our method involves crafting specific prompts to guide the LLM in synthesizing data from weather patterns, soil properties, historical yields, and remote sensing. We conducted extensive experiments comparing our method against traditional machine learning models and the Chain of Thought (CoT) approach. Results demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms these baselines in terms of contextual accuracy, explanation quality, and scenario adaptability. This study highlights the potential of LLMs in advancing agricultural analytics and sets the stage for future research in this domain.
Enhancing the Implementation and Integration of mHealth Interventions in Resource-Limited Settings: A Scoping Review
Authors: Tumuhimbise Wilson , Theuring Stefanie , Kaggwa Fred , Atukunda Esther C , Rubaihayo John , Atwine Daniel , Sekandi Juliet N , Musiimenta Angella
Published: July 2024

Background. Although mobile health (mHealth) interventions have shown promise in improving health outcomes, most of them rarely translate to scale. Prevailing mHealth studies are largely small-sized, short-term and donor-funded pilot studies with limited evidence on their effectiveness. To facilitate scale-up, several frameworks have been proposed to enhance the generic implementation of health interventions. However, there is a lack of a specific focus on the implementation and integration of mHealth interventions in routine care in low-resource settings. Our scoping review aimed to synthesize and develop a framework that could guide the implementation and integration of mHealth interventions.Methods:We searchedthePubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases for published theories, models, and frameworks related to the implementation and integration of clinical interventions from 1stJanuary 2000 to 31stDecember 2023. The data processing was guided by a scoping review methodology proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. Studies were included if they were i) peer-reviewed and published between 2000 and 2023, ii) explicitly described a framework for clinical intervention implementation and integration, or iii) available in full text and published in English. We integrated different domains and constructs from the reviewed frameworks to develop a new framework for implementing and integrating mHealth interventions.Results:We identified eight eligible papers with eight frameworks composed of 102 implementation domains. None of the identified frameworks were specific to the integration of mHealth interventions in low-resource settings. Two constructs (skill impartation and intervention awareness) related to the training domain, four constructs (technical and logistical support, identifying committed staff, supervision, and redesigning) from the restructuring domain, two constructs (monetary incentives and nonmonetary incentives) from the incentivize domain, two constructs (organizational mandates and government mandates) from the mandate domain and two constructs (collaboration and routine workflows) from the integrate domain. Therefore, a new framework that outlines five main domains—train, restructure, incentivize, mandate, and integrate (TRIMI)—in relation to the integration and implementation of mHealth interventions in low-resource settings emerged.Conclusion:The TRIMI framework presents a realistic and realizable solution for the implementation and integration deficits of mHealth interventions in low-resource settings.
Generic residue numbering of the GAIN domain of adhesion GPCRs
Authors: Seufert Florian , Pérez-Hernández Guillermo , Pándy-Szekeres Gáspár , Guixà-González Ramon , Langenhan Tobias , Gloriam David E. , Hildebrand Peter W.
Published: July 2024

The GPCR autoproteolysis inducing (GAIN) domain is an ancient protein fold ubiquitous in adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCR). It contains a concealed tethered agonist element, which is necessary and sufficient for receptor activation. The GAIN domain is a hotspot for pathological mutations. However, the low primary sequence conservation of GAIN domains has thus far hindered the knowledge transfer across different GAIN domains in human receptors as well as species orthologs. Here, we present a scheme for generic residue numbering of GAIN domains based on structural alignments of six experimental and more than 14,000 modeled GAIN domain structures. This scheme is implemented in the GPCR database (GPCRdb) and elucidates the domain topology across different aGPCRs and their homologs in a large panel of species. We identify conservation hotspots and cancer-enriched positions in human aGPCRs and show the transferability of positional and structural information between GAIN domain homologs. The GAIN-GRN scheme provides a robust strategy to allocate structural homologies at the primary and secondary levels also to GAIN folds of GAIN domains of polycystic kidney disease 1/PKD1-like proteins, which now renders positions in both GAIN domain types comparable to one another.
Macro-to-nanoscale investigation unlocks gold and silver enrichment by lead-bismuth metallic melts in the Switchback epithermal deposit, southern Mexico
Authors: Cano Néstor , González-Jiménez José María , Camprubí Antoni , Proenza Joaquín A. , González-Partida Eduardo
Published: July 2024

Lead-bismuth (Pb-Bi) minerals of the galena (PbS)-matildite (AgBiS2) series and lillianite homologues (Pb3–2xAgxBi2+xS6) are intergrown with electrum (Au-Ag alloy) and chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) in specific bands within a colloform-banded vein at the Switchback epithermal deposit in southern Mexico. A macro-to-nano scale study revealed that these minerals fill small (<200 µm) cavities in the gangue minerals, showing curvilinear boundaries, bleb-like morphologies, and rounded nanoparticles (~100 nm). These observations are consistent with growth in a molten system from a precursor Pb-Bi melt containing Au, Ag, and Cu. Minerals in the galena-matildite series typically display Widmanstätten textures (i.e., octahedral-like or basket-weave matilditess lamellae in the galenass matrix), which have been traditionally linked to the decomposition of a high-temperature solid solution. However, galenass and matilditess show nano-scale sinuous reaction fronts and replacement relicts (“islands”) while maintaining the [011]Galena || [100]Matildite crystallographic orientation relationship. This suggests a topotaxial growth of matilditess mediated by coupled dissolution-reprecipitation reactions between galenass and the metallic melt upon cooling. A similar scenario is proposed for Pb-Bi sulfosalt intergrowths, which replace galena-matildite and electrum and grow topotaxially along (200)Galena. Collectively, these results suggest that Pb-Bi melts can exist in epithermal fluids, acting as precursors for the crystallization of ore minerals and able to sequester precious metals. This model explains abnormally high Au-Ag enrichments observed in some deposits that contain Pb-Bi ores.
Does ESG disclosure enhance firm performance during COVID-19? Evidence from Nifty 500 firms
Authors: Vidya Bai G. , Frank Daniel , Sudhir Prabhu K.
Published: July 2024

Market turmoil caused by COVID-19 has weakened firms’ financial performance, highlighting the prominence of sustainable business practices by incorporating Environmental, Social, and Governance performance and their disclosure. Though past studies investigated COVID-19’s impact on firm performance, there is consensus on the role of firms’ Environmental, Social, and Governance disclosures between firm performance and the pandemic. With this view, the study aims to examine the impact of COVID-19 on firms’ financial performance with the moderating role of Environmental, Social, and Governance performance disclosure. To do so, the study retrieved data of Nifty 500 index companies from the Bloomberg database for a sample period ranging from 2016 to 2022. To this end, the study performed the fixed-effect regression and GMM model. The findings reveal a significant negative impact of the pandemic on Return on Assets (β =-4.812), Return on Equity (β =–.675), and Earnings Per Share (β = –2.875), highlighting the unfavorable effect of the pandemic on firm performance. Further results showed that firms’ Environmental, Social, and Governance performance disclosure positively moderates the connection between COVID-19 and Return on Assets (β = 3.231), Return on Equity (β = 0.032), and Earnings Per Share (β = 1.523), respectively. This indicates that companies actively involved in Environmental, Social, and Governance disclosure are less likely to suffer during the pandemic in terms of financial performance due to their ESG disclosures.
A High-capacity Anode Material for Lithium-ion Batteries is Sili-graphene Type SiC3
Authors: Houmad M. , Khuili M. , El Kenz A. , Benyoussef A.
Published: July 2024

In this study, we have proposed an anode material based on Silicon doped
graphene (Siligraphene) for developing the Li-ion batteries (LIBs). We have predicted
that Siligraphene can be an anode material for lithium batteries. In particular, we have
found that the Siligraphene sheet can adsorb lithium atoms in different sites in a
hexagonal structure. Also, we have found that Lithium atoms can be diffused along the
plane of siligraphene. The energy of diffusion of siligraphene (SiC3
) is about 0.095eV,
and for Li on top of silicon atoms is about 0.223eV, indicating rapid
charging/discharging processes. During charging and discharging, the electrode LixSiC3
exhibits small variations in voltage, making them a potential candidate for Li-ion
batteries.
An Introduction to the Fabrication of White Lightemitting Diodes
Authors: Singh Naorem Premjit , Devi Yengkhom Rangeela
Published: July 2024

Light-emitting diodes, especially white light-emitting diodes are very
attractive and fascinating lighting sources at this present time because they have the
potential for high energy saving and environmental friendliness as compared to
conventional lighting sources such as incandescent and fluorescent lamps and also have
wide applications in a variety of fields including in lighting, architectural and medical
etc. Among the various applications, the lighting sector is one of the most important
fields because it consumes a large amount of electricity. About 15-22% of total
electricity production in the world is consumed in the lighting sector. Therefore,
understanding how to fabricate a white light-emitting diode is very necessary in order
to improve its practical application further. Basically, there are two methods of
fabrication for white light emitting diode, mixing of multiple LEDs and phosphor
converted white light emitting diode (pc-WLED). The luminous efficiency and
rendering index is influenced by the type of fabrication. In this chapter, the general
introduction of light emitting diode (LED), its working principle, characteristics of
light including CIE, color temperature and rendering index, the different modes of
fabrication for white light-emitting diodes, and their advantages and disadvantages
have been discussed.
Strategies for Synthesizing Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and the Challenges
Authors: Bishwakarma Harish , Anand Mukul , Das Alok Kumar
Published: July 2024

The development of nanoscience and nanotechnology has improved our
quality of life. The new class of materials known as nanoparticles (NPs) contributes to
the development of nanotechnology. For the NPs, at least one dimension of particles
should be 1 to 100 nm. The synthesis approaches can modify NPs structure and size,
which is crucial in molecular biology, physics, chemistry, medicine, and material
science. The high surface area of NPs can be achieved via synthesis approaches,
providing increased value and imperative parameters like surface reactivity. Several
approaches to synthesizing NPs can be used, mainly categorized into two parts:
bottom-up and top-down. These two categories are classified based on the starting
materials used to synthesize the NPs. This review discussed the brief of synthesis
approaches and their utilization in the field of nanotechnology and nanoscience. The
novel approach to the synthesis of NPs i.e., the electrochemical discharge process, is
discussed in detail. The materials synthesis like ZnO, carbon, graphene, and other
metal oxide and their composite are discussed in tabular form. Finally, the challenges,
advantages, disadvantages, conclusions and NPs synthesis are discussed.
Análise Do Software Labway Utilizado Pela Polícia Judiciária Portuguesa Sob A Perspectiva Da Gestão Da Informação
Authors: Medeiros Carla Renata Dantas , Silva Maria Amélia Teixeira da , Brito Rosa Zuleide de Lima
Published: July 2024

It presents the results obtained by analysing, in the light of information management, the existing functionalities of the LaboratoryInformation Management System used by the Portuguese JudiciaryPolice(JP). In order to meet the proposed objective, it was necessary to carry out a literature review, covering the themes of softwareand information management; describe the functionalities of theLaboratory Information Management System (LIMS) used by the Portuguese JudiciaryPolice;and identify and analyse, in the light of the literature, which axes of information management are included in the softwarein question. This is an applied, exploratory and descriptive study with a qualitative approach. It uses an interview as a data collection tool, as well as documentary research. The research met the proposed objectives and was developed using Choo's Information Management Process Model, published in 2006. From the results’ analysis, it was possible to conclude that the functionalities of the Labway softwareare correlated with the Process Model of Information Management mentioned above, so that it is possible to identify the premises of traditional library work in the software's functions. Activities such as information representation, indexing and retrieval were identified, confirming the interrelationship between the laboratory management softwareused by JPand the competences of the professional librarian.
Health promotion and prevention actions in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS): evaluation of the temporal trend and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lima Ana Clara Gomes , Vivian Geissiane Felizardo , Santos José Cleyton de Oliveira , Craveiro-Sarmento Aquiles Sales , Barbosa-Lima Ricardo , Silva Glebson Moura
Published: July 2024

Objective: To evaluate health promotion and prevention in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) between 2008 and 2022. Method: An epidemiological study was conducted, with an ecological approach, as a time series. APPS-related data available in the Outpatient Information System of the SUS (SIA/SUS) over the last 15 years were used, normalized to every 100,000 Brazilian residents, characterizing the incidence. COVID-19 pre- and post-pandemic periods were outlined to verify its impact on productivity. The data were analyzed with a significance level of 5%. Result: Between 2008 and 2022, 6,933,081,931 APPS were carried out in the SUS. The most frequent modality was home visits (56.3%), and the most common health professionals were health and endemic agents (59.8%). For the entire study period, the incidence was 3,407,327 APPS per 100,000 Brazilian residents, with an annual median of 281,999. Furthermore, there was a significant decreasing trend over the last 15 years (p <0.001), whose annual percentage change was estimated at -6.7%. Disregarding COVID-19 pandemic years, the trend remained to decrease (p = 0.028). At last, when comparing it to the pre-pandemic period, the incidence of APPS were 32% lower in the first, 26% lower in the second, and 21% lower in the third year after the COVID-19 pandemic onset (p <0.001). Conclusion: It was possible to conclude that APPS in the SUS have reduced in the last 15 years.
Blinatumomab vs Chemotherapy for Pediatric and Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Batalli-Kepuska Arbnora , Spahiu Lidvana , Behluli Emir , Temaj Gazmend
Published: July 2024

Several therapeutic methods are used to cure acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Relapsed/refractory B-cell ALL (R/R B-ALL) remains the primary cause of death worldwide due to the limitation of cure. Blinatumomab is a bispecific T-cell engaging antibody used to treat R/R B-ALL. The use of blinatumomab for treating R/R B-ALL has shown to be very efficient, especially as a bridge tool to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The response to blinatumomab treatment ranged from 69% after two cycles in phase II clinical trials. Blinatumomab has shown great anti-leukemia activity as a single agent in children with R/R B-ALL. Here, we will review the data from several research groups that show pharmacological and clinical data on blinatumomab for pediatric and adult B-ALL, both as an immunotherapeutic and in combination.
Smartwatch-Detected Arrhythmias in Patients After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR): Analysis of the SMART TAVR Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Fan Jiaqi , Dai Hanyi , Guo Yuchao , Xu Jianguo , Wang Lihan , Jiang Jubo , Lin Xinping , Li Cheng , Zhou Dao , Li Huajun , Liu Xianbao , Wang Jian'an
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

There are limited data available on the development of arrhythmias in patients at risk of high-degree atrioventricular block (HAVB) or complete heart block (CHB) following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the incidence and evolution of arrhythmias by monitoring patients at risk of HAVB or CHB after TAVR using smartwatches.

METHODS

We analyzed 188 consecutive patients in the prospective SMART TAVR (smartwatch-facilitated early discharge in patients undergoing TAVR) trial. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the risk of HAVB or CHB. Patients were required to trigger a single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) recording and send it to the Heart Health App via their smartphone. Physicians in the central ECG core lab would then analyze the ECG. The incidence and timing of arrhythmias and pacemaker implantation within a 30-day follow-up were compared. All arrhythmic events were adjudicated in a central ECG core lab.

RESULTS

The mean age of the patients was 73.1 (SD 7.3) years, of whom 105 (55.9%) were men. The mean discharge day after TAVR was 2.0 (SD 1.8) days. There were no statistically significant changes in the evolution of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, Mobitz I, Mobitz II, and third-degree atrial ventricular block over time in the first month after TAVR. The incidence of the left bundle branch block (LBBB) increased in the first week and decreased in the subsequent 3 weeks significantly (P<.001). Patients at higher risk of HAVB or CHB received more pacemaker implantation after discharge (n=8, 9.6% vs n=2, 1.9%; P=.04). The incidence of LBBB was higher in the group with higher HAVB or CHB risk (n=47, 56.6% vs n=34, 32.4%; P=.001). The independent predictors for pacemaker implantation were age, baseline atrial fibrillation, baseline right bundle branch block, Mobitz II, and third-degree atrioventricular block detected by the smartwatch.

CONCLUSIONS

Except for LBBB, no change in arrhythmias was observed over time in the first month after TAVR. A higher incidence of pacemaker implantation after discharge was observed in patients at risk of HAVB or CHB. However, Mobitz II and third-degree atrioventricular block detected by the smartwatch during follow-ups were more valuable indicators to predict pacemaker implantation after discharge from the index TAVR.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04454177; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04454177