bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Periodic step polarization accelerates electron recovery by electroactive biofilms (EABs)
Authors: Gao Yaohuan , Xia Longfei , Yao Peiru , Lee Hyung‐Sool
Published: February 2023

Relatively low rate of electron recovery is one of the factors that limit the advancement of bioelectrochemical systems. Here, new periodic polarizations were investigated with electroactive biofilms (EABs) enriched from activated sludge and Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilms. When representative anode potentials (Ea) were applied, redox centers with midpoint potentials (Emid) higher than Ea were identified by localized cyclic voltammetry. The electrons held by these redox centers were accessible when Ea was raised to 0.4 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). New periodic polarizations that discharge at 0.4 V recovered electrons faster than normal periodic and fixed‐potential polarizations. The best‐performing periodic step polarization accelerated electron recovery by 23%−24% and 12%−76% with EABs and G. sulfurreducens biofilms, respectively, compared to the fixed‐potential polarization. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed an increased abundance of omcZ mRNA transcripts from G. sulfurreducens after periodic step polarization. Therefore, both the rate of energy recovery by EABs and the performance of bioelectrochemical systems can be enhanced by improving the polarization schemes.
Psychometric properties of the full‐form and short‐form versions of the Integration of Stressful Life Experiences Scale (ISLES) among Iranian university students
Authors: Azadfar Zahra , Bijari Azam Farah , Khosravi Zohreh , Abdollahi Abbas
Published: February 2023

Background

Making adaptive meaning of stressful life experiences has been identified as an important determinant of adjustment. The Integration of Stressful Life Experiences Scale (ISLES) was developed to assess the outcome of meaning‐making processes in the face of negative events.

Aims

The psychometric properties of this scale have not been measured in Iranian populations. The purpose of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the 16‐item and 6‐item versions of ISLES with a sample of 502 university students who had experienced relationship dissolution.

Results

Findings support a two‐factor structure with acceptable validity and reliability. Positive correlations between the scores of ISLES with Centrality of Event Scale and PTSD symptoms provided evidence of concurrent validity.

Conclusion

The results of measurement invariance indicated that both the 16‐item and 6‐item versions of ISLES are gender invariant and can be used to assess meaning‐made in both men and women.
Teaching agile hardware development with an open‐source engineering simulator: An evaluation with industry participants
Authors: Omidvarkarjan Daniel , Hofelich Manfred , Conrad Jonas , Klahn Christoph , Meboldt Mirko
Published: February 2023

Educational games are increasingly used to teach Agile development approaches to practitioners. Most of these training modules simplify the development environment, for example, by using LEGO bricks or playing cards. This oversimplification has been shown to result in limited transferability of learning to industrial practice. Furthermore, there is a lack of teaching modules that specifically address the challenges of applying Agile to physical products. In this paper, we present an open‐source educational game that realistically simulates a hardware development project to teach Agile principles. Over 2 days, participants design, manufacture, and test modifications for a physical wire bending machine within an authentic engineering and production setting. The training mimics the typical roles, processes, and tools of industrial engineering teams to reflect the challenges of Agile hardware development. The module was evaluated with 44 industry professionals regarding perceived learning and user reaction. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was used for the experimental evaluation. The results showed a positive learning effect as the participants' average agreement with Agile principles increased through the training. Concerning user reaction, respondents reported a high degree of relevance, interaction, and confidence, indicating that the realistic simulation of the hardware development appropriately balanced the degree of realism with simplicity. The study showcases the opportunities of properly aligning game components to provoke learning situations targeted by the instructors. It contributes to the extant literature by providing a design framework (product, process, setting, and instruction) and open‐source access to the tools used for implementation.
Exploring the Effects of Mutagenesis on FusionRed by Using Excited‐State QM/MM Dynamics and Classical Force Field Simulations**
Authors: Murphy Ashlyn R. , Hix Mark A. , Walker Alice R.
Published: February 2023

Fluorescent proteins (FPs) are a powerful tool for examining tissues, cells, and subcellular components in vivo and in vitro. FusionRed is a particular FP variant mutated from mKate2 that, in addition to lower cytotoxicity and aggregation rates, has shown potential for acting as a tunable photoswitch. This was posited to stem partially from the presence of a bulky side chain at position 158 and a further stabilizing residue at position 157. In this work, we apply computational techniques including classical molecular dynamics (MD) and combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics simulations (QM/MM) to explore the effect of mutagenesis at these locations in FusionRed on the chromophore structure, the excited‐state surface, and relative positional stability of the chromophore in the protein pocket. We find specific connections between the statistical sampling of the underlying protein structure and the nonradiative decay mechanisms from excited‐state dynamics. A single mutation (C158I) that restricts the motion of the chromophore through a favorable hydrophobic interaction corresponds to an increase in fluorescence quantum yield (FQY), while a second rescue mutation (C158I‐A157N) partially restores the flexibility of the chromophore and photoswitchability with favorable water interactions on the surface of the protein that counteracts the original interaction. We suggest that applying this understanding of structural features that inhibit or favor rotation on the excited state can be applied for rational design of new, tunable and red photoswitches.
Peptide‐Based Nanoarchitectonics for the Treatment of Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Li Bowen , Huang Yan , Zou Qianli
Published: February 2023

Liver fibrosis is a process of excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix caused by liver injury. Liver fibrosis can progress to cirrhosis or even liver cancer without proper intervention. Until now, no effective therapeutic drugs have been clinically approved for treating liver fibrosis. Hence, the development of safe and effective antifibrotic drugs is particularly important. As a representative biomaterial, peptides have been investigated as key components for constructing antifibrotic nanomaterials given their advantages of biological origination, synthetic availability, and good biocompatibility. Peptides serve as multifunctional motifs in antifibrotic nanomaterials, such as liver‐targeting molecules, antifibrotic molecules, and self‐assembling building blocks for the formation of the nanomaterials. In this review, we focus on peptide‐based nanoarchitectonics for treating liver fibrosis, including nanomaterials modified with liver‐targeting peptides, nanomaterials for the efficient delivery of antifibrotic peptides, and self‐assembled peptide nanomaterials for the delivery of antifibrotic drugs. The design rules of these peptide‐based nanomaterials are described. The antifibrotic mechanisms and effects of these peptide‐based nanomaterials in treating liver fibrosis and related diseases are highlighted. The challenges and future perspectives of using peptide‐based nanoarchitectonics for the treatment of liver fibrosis are discussed. These results are expected to accelerate the rational design and clinical translation of antifibrotic nanomaterials.
Clinical outcomes after unprotected left main coronary artery occlusion: A retrospective multicentre cohort analysis
Authors: Dürig Marco , Arroyo Diego , Bedossa Marc , Commeau Philippe , Fournier Stephane , Müller Olivier , Barragan Paul , Le Breton Hervé , Puricel Serban , Cook Stéphane
Published: February 2023

Aims

Unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) occlusion is a rare and disastrous condition with scarce data on presentation and outcomes. Herein, we report data on patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome due to ULMCA occlusion at four different institutions.

Methods

This is an international multicentre observational study. Baseline characteristics were retro‐ and prospectively collected. Clinical follow‐up was prospective. The primary outcome was in‐hospital death. Patients surviving the index hospitalization were compared with nonsurvivors to find predictors of survival.

Results

The study population consisted of 55 patients. Eight patients (15%) died in the cath lab, and 23 (42%) died in hospital. Three (6%) deaths were noncardiac and due to major bleeding. Thirty‐two (58%) patients survived the index hospitalization and were discharged. These patients were followed for a median of 17.5 months during which three cardiac deaths occurred. Repeat revascularization was performed in 25% (n = 8). Overall mortality at maximum follow‐up was 47% (n = 26). The only significant predictor for hospital survival was left ventricular ejection fraction (odds ratio [OR]: 1.10 (per 1 point increase); 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.19; p = 0.02).

Conclusion

ULMCA occlusion carries a high short‐term mortality. Patients who survive index hospitalization have similar mortality rates as compared with other st elevation myocardial infarction patients.
Intraplaque wiring enables drug‐coated balloons to be utilized for percutaneous recanalization of chronically occluded coronary arteries
Authors: Terashita Kazunori , Shimada Yoshihisa , Yamanaka Yuki , Motohashi Yoshikazu , Tonomura Daisuke , Yoshitani Kazuyasu , Yoshida Masataka , Tsuchida Takao , Fukumoto Hitoshi
Published: February 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to determine whether drug‐coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty following intraplaque wiring and the use of modified balloons is safe and effective in the percutaneous treatment of coronary chronic total occlusions (CTOs).

Background

DCB is an alternative therapeutic option without the limitations of permanent vascular implants. However, its efficacy in CTOs has yet to be confirmed. The combination of modified balloons and DCB can be effectively applied when the intraplaque passage of the guidewire is achieved in CTOs.

Methods

Data from 124 consecutive CTO lesions (105 patients) treated at our hospital between February 2016 and December 2020 were screened for inclusion and retrospectively analyzed. Among the 118 lesions successfully recanalized, intraplaque wiring was achieved in 108, and 85 were treated by the DCB‐only approach following cutting/scoring balloon dilatation.

Results

Follow‐up data were available for 82 lesions (71 patients). The median occlusion length was 18.5 mm, and the J‐CTO score was 1.7 ± 0.9. No in‐hospital major adverse cardiac events occurred, including abrupt vessel closure. During the median 29‐month follow‐up period, target lesion revascularization was performed for 10 lesions. Follow‐up coronary angiography (8.7 ± 3.9 months after the index procedure) was performed for 64 lesions, demonstrating late lumen loss of −0.15 mm (interquartile range −0.4 to 0.23 mm), binary restenosis (diameter stenosis ≥50%) in 12 lesions (18.8%), and late lumen enlargement in 37 (57.8%).

Conclusion

The DCB‐only approach following the use of modified balloons is a promising strategy for coronary CTOs when intraplaque wiring is achieved.
Pro‐aromaticity Enabled Dealkenylative Functionalizations via Photo‐Excitation and Oxidation
Authors: Chen Si‐Cong , Zhu Qi , Chen Han , Chen Zijing , Luo Tuoping
Published: February 2023

A general and practical approach for diverse dealkenylative functionalization of olefin‐containing substrates has been developed through the one‐pot formation and utilization of pro‐aromatic 1,4‐dihydropyridazines using tetrazine as the key cycloaddition reagent. Triggered by either excitation or oxidation, the targeted C−C bonds in the 1,4‐dihydropyridazine intermediates could be readily cleaved to generate alkyl radicals for subsequent transformations. Diverse carbon‐carbon and carbon‐hetero bond forming protocols, including Giese‐type addition, hydrazination, borylation, Minisci‐type alkylation, copper‐catalyzed NH alkylation, acylation, alkynylation, cyanation, and azidation, are achieved in a highly modular fashion.
ACTIVE‐BAPO – A Versatile Transfer Agent for Photoactive Bis(acyl)phosphane Oxide Units
Authors: Widera Anna , Conti Riccardo , Cosola Andrea , Fäh Ashling , Thöny Debora , Sangermano Marco , Levalois‐Grützmacher Joëlle , Grützmacher Hansjörg
Published: February 2023

A N‐hydroxy succinimide (NHS) ester substituted bis(acyl)phosphane oxide (ACTIVE‐BAPO) was prepared by phospha‐Michael addition and used for an easy one‐step BAPO ligation with substrates containing primary amino groups, such as amino acids, proteins, and poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers. Thereby, a range of new molecular and polymeric photoinitators was obtained. Real‐time photo‐rheology experiments demonstrated the outstanding efficiency of the PAMAM BAPOs as photoinitiators for free radical polymerization. Remarkably, it is found that PAMAM BAPOs also act as crosslinking agents to convert monofunctional methacrylate monomers into thermosetting networks without any further additives. Depending on the number of the attached BAPOs, thermosets with a different degree of crosslinking and swelling capability in water were obtained.
CoNi2S4 Electrode with High Mass‐Loading for High‐Energy‐Density Supercapacitor: Role of S‐Containing Anions Exchange
Authors: Wang Lingfeng , Chen Lu , Chen Shihuan , Ye Qinglan , Xu Xuetang , Wang Fan
Published: February 2023

Anion exchange is recognized as an effective method to regulate the composition, electronic conductivity, and electrochemical behavior of the transition metal‐based compounds. In this work, anion exchange is adopted as a rational post‐treatment route to facilitate the capacitive activity of CoNi2S4 nanoparticle arrays grown on carbon cloth (CC) with high mass‐loading. As soaked in saturated Na2S solution, the CoNi2S4/CC electrode showed an increased capacity from 483 C g−1 to 841 C g−1 at 10 mA cm−2 with excellent rate performance and stable cycling performance, which was superior to the CoNi2S4/CC electrode activated by NaBH4 reduction. Anion exchange was beneficial for enhancing the crystallinity, retaining the adhesion of nanoarrays, and realizing low resistance nature in a mild route. The as‐assembled CoNi2S4/CC//activated CC hybrid supercapacitor delivered a high areal capacitance of 1.28 F cm−2 at 5 mA cm−2, and achieved an energy density of 0.58 mWh cm−2 at a power density of 4.5 mW cm−2 with excellent cycle stability with 90.6 % capacity retention after 10000 cycles.
Machine Learning‐Guided Computational Screening of New Candidate Reactions with High Bioorthogonal Click Potential
Authors: Stuyver Thijs , Coley Connor W.
Published: February 2023

Bioorthogonal click chemistry has become an indispensable part of the biochemist's toolbox. Despite the wide variety of applications that have been developed in recent years, only a limited number of bioorthogonal click reactions have been discovered so far, most of them based on (substituted) azides. In this work, we present a computational workflow to discover new candidate reactions with promising kinetic and thermodynamic properties for bioorthogonal click applications. Sampling only around 0.05 % of an overall search space of over 10,000,000 dipolar cycloadditions, we develop a machine learning model able to predict DFT‐computed activation and reaction energies within ∼2–3 kcal/mol across the entire space. Applying this model to screen the full search space through iterative rounds of learning, we identify a broad pool of candidate reactions with rich structural diversity, which can be used as a starting point or source of inspiration for future experimental development of both azide‐based and non‐azide‐based bioorthogonal click reactions.
Subgroup analysis of linear models with measurement error
Authors: Le Yuan , Bai Yang , Qin Guoyou
Published: February 2023

Heterogeneity exists in populations, and people may benefit differently from the same treatments or services. Correctly identifying subgroups corresponding to outcomes such as treatment response plays an important role in data‐based decision making. As few discussions exist on subgroup analysis with measurement error, we propose a new estimation method to consider these two components simultaneously under the linear regression model. First, we develop an objective function based on unbiased estimating equations with two repeated measurements and a concave penalty on pairwise differences between coefficients. The proposed method can identify subgroups and estimate coefficients simultaneously when considering measurement error. Second, we derive an algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm and demonstrate its convergence. Third, we prove that the proposed estimators are consistent and asymptotically normal. The performance and asymptotic properties of the proposed method are evaluated through simulation studies. Finally, we apply our method to data from the Lifestyle Education for Activity and Nutrition study and identify two subgroups, of which one has a significant treatment effect.
Intelligent credit scoring using deep learning methods
Authors: Gicić Adaleta , Đonko Dženana , Subasi Abdulhamit
Published: February 2023

Credit scoring is one the most important parts of credit risk management in reducing the risk of client defaults and bankruptcies. Deep learning has received much attention in recent years, but it has not been implemented so intensively in credit scoring compared to other financial domains. In this article, stacked unidirectional and bidirectional LSTM (long short‐term memory) networks as a complex area of deep learning are applied in solving credit scoring problems for the first time. The proposed robust model exploits the full potential of the three‐layer stacked LSTM and BDLSTM (bidirectional LSTM) architecture with the treatment and modeling of public datasets in a novel way since credit scoring is not a time sequence problem. Attributes of each loan instance were transformed into a sequence of the matrix with a fixed sliding window approach with a one‐time step. Our proposed models outperform existing and much more complex deep learning solutions thus we succeeded in preserving simplicity. In this article, measures of different types are employed to carry out consistent conclusions. The results by applying three hidden layers on the German Credit dataset showed an accuracy of 87.19%, for Kaggle dataset accuracy reached 93.69%, and for Microcredit dataset accuracy of 97.80%.
Multigraph learning for parallelism discovery in sequential programs
Authors: Shen Yuanyuan , Peng Manman , Wu Qiang , Xie Guoqi
Published: February 2023

Parallelization is an optimization technique that is playing an increasingly vital role in software applications. Discovering the potential parallelism in sequential programs is of primary importance for parallelization. To this end, various tools have been created to obtain parallelizable targets by analyzing the dependencies in sequential programs. However, the majority are constructed based on manually designed dependence analysis rules. Consequently, they must follow some constraints, which limit the scope of their program analysis capability. Furthermore, constructing a dependency analysis rule is a complicated and highly sophisticated endeavor. In this study, we exploit the fact that neural network models can learn the potential features of programs to tackle the parallelism discovery task in an end‐to‐end manner. Specifically, we developed a multigraph learning architecture on top of multiple abstract code representations in a complementary manner. In the architecture, we equip code representations with different neural network models in a targeted manner, including a deep convolutional neural network for analyzing both control and data flows and a novel neural network for learning the abstract syntax trees. Experimental results obtained on a common parallelism discovery dataset indicate that the developed multigraph learning architecture can learn potential parallelism patterns in sequential programs with high accuracy and efficiency.
Synthesis of Chiral Hypervalent Trifluoromethyl Organobismuth Complexes and Enantioselective Olefin Difluorocarbenation Screenings
Authors: Louis‐Goff Thomas , Trinh Huu Vinh , Chen Eileen , Rheingold Arnold L. , Hyvl Jakub
Published: February 2023

Two hypervalent trifluoromethyl organobismuth complexes were prepared from commercially available chiral amines, (R)‐1‐cyclohexylethylamine and (1R, 2R, 3R, 5S)‐(−)‐isopinocampheylamine; however, only the complex from the latter amine was prepared as a single stereoisomer. Both organobismuth complexes were fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, revealing that the structures were similar to previously reported complexes with a hypervalent Bi−N bond. The complexes were catalytically active in olefin difluorocarbenation with Ruppert‐Prakash reagent (TMS‐CF3) used as a terminal source of CF2. The catalyst derived from isopinocampheylamine was screened with three prochiral olefins of various reactivity in DCM and toluene. All reactions afforded the 1,1‐difluorocyclopropanes in good yields, but no enantiomeric excess was observed.
Platelet Functional Testing Via High‐Throughput Microtiter Plate‐Based Assays
Authors: Tamang Hem Kumar , Stringham Emily N. , Tourdot Benjamin E.
Published: February 2023

Platelets play a critical role in hemostasis and thrombosis; therefore, in vitro assays that measure platelet reactivity are fundamental tools to gain insight into these physiologic processes, to diagnose platelet disorders, and to develop antithrombotic therapies. However, conventional platelet assays such as aggregometry, the clinical gold standard for assessing platelet function, are low throughput and require specialized equipment. Since platelets have a finite life span ex vivo, processes to miniaturize and multiplex assays allow a much broader overview of platelet function in significantly less time than conventional assays. Several groups have developed simplified, high‐throughput approaches to quantify platelet activation with standard laboratory equipment to lower the barrier of entry to study platelet biology. This article describes a panel of optimized and validated high‐throughput microplate assays to comprehensively assess platelet functionality, independently or in combination, to increase throughput and reduce costs. Specifically, following stimulation of platelets, a plate reader can be used to measure light transmission aggregation via absorbance; dense‐granule secretion based on ATP‐dependent luminescence generation; and cytosolic calcium levels with a cell‐permeant, fluorescent Ca2+‐sensitive dye. Additionally, platelets are an easily accessible component of the blood that share signaling pathways with other cells, making them ideal for high‐throughput drug screens. The highly adaptable and complementary assays presented in this article can be used to decipher the molecular mechanism underlying platelet activation or to identify novel inhibitors. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Microtiter plate–based light transmission aggregometry

Basic Protocol 2: Measuring dense‐granule secretion in high‐throughput microplate assays

Basic Protocol 3: Microtiter plate–based calcium mobilization

Support Protocol: Platelet isolation and enumeration
Bach2 in CD4+ T cells from SLE patients modulates B‐cell differentiation and IgG production
Authors: Long Di , Yang Bingyi , Yang Ming , Xiong Feng , Zhu Xuejing , Tan Yixin , Wu Haijing
Published: February 2023

T and B cells participate in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). BTB and CNC homology 2 (Bach2) is an irreplaceable regulator in the T and B lineages that helps to maintain immune homeostasis. However, the function of Bach2 in the pathogenesis of SLE has not been studied in depth. Flow cytometry and qRT‒PCR were used to assess Bach2 levels, bisulfite sequencing PCR was used to measure the methylation level, and silencing by electroporation and stimulation with a cytokine concentration gradient were used to investigate the effect of Bach2 on T cells. Bach2 expression was elevated in the helper T‐cell subsets (T follicular helper, Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells) of SLE patients and negatively correlated with disease severity and autoantibody levels. CD4+ T cells from SLE patients had decreased methylation levels in the Bach2 promoter region. Silencing Bach2 in CD4+ T cells induced increases in the CD19+ B‐cell count, plasmablasts, and secretion of IgG by prompting the secretion of cytokines. The activation signals CD3/CD28, IL‐6, and IL‐21 upregulated Bach2 expression in CD4+ T cells. The regulation of Bach2 by cytokines and T‐cell activation signals in CD4+ T cells was shown to act on B cells and play a protective role against SLE.
A Rational Design of Silicon‐Based Anode for All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A Review
Authors: Kim Minho , Ahn Hwichan , Choi Junil , Kim Won Bae
Published: February 2023

Silicon is a promising alternative to the conventional graphite anode for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, pulverization of Si particles caused by volume expansion and formation of unstable solid electrolyte interphase can lead to several failure behaviors of LIBs. In contrast to LIBs employing liquid electrolytes, all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) could exhibit totally different interfacial environments over Si anode materials, in terms of wetting properties of the Si surface by electrolyte. This characteristic interface of Si anode with solid‐state electrolyte (SSE) can change the electrochemical stability and long‐term life cycle performance of Si. In respect of commercialization, the incorporation of Si anode into ASSB could be the strongest approach to overcome the intrinsic limitations of anode materials. However, large contact losses between Si and SSE have to be handled in order to provide good electrochemical performance and stability. In this review, failure behaviors of Si anode within the SSE with proper characterization method is addressed and several design strategies for incorporation of Si anode into ASSB based on the following classifications are introduced: composite type and diffusion‐dependent type Si anodes. From this review, the possibility of Si anode for practical application to next‐generation ASSB by regulating its chemical and mechanical properties is suggested.
Prestretching‐Enhanced Conductive Hydrogel Electrode for Supercapacitors with High Areal Capacitance and Excellent Stretching Stability
Authors: Zhang Ganghong , Wu Xiaotian , Du Tianlong , Wang Yu , Liu Zhengying , Yang Wei , Yang Mingbo
Published: February 2023

The challenge to prepare conductive hydrogel electrodes for stretchable supercapacitors with high areal capacitance and excellent stability during stretching has attracted tremendous attention from researchers. Herein, a method to enhance the performance of a conductive hydrogel electrode is reported. The in situ oxidative polymerization of aniline monomer is performed in the prestretched polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel. After releasing the hydrogel, the polyaniline (PANI) nanoparticles can shrink with the PAAm substrate to form a dense and continuous conductive network. Due to the enhanced conductive networks, the prestretched PAAm‐PANI conductive hydrogel with prestrain of 500% (PPCH5) electrode shows high areal capacitance of 509.9 mF cm−2 at 0.5 mA cm−2. The symmetrical stretchable supercapacitor based on PPCH5 electrodes exhibits a high areal capacitance of 219.7 mF cm−2. The device shows high capacitance retention of 68.5% even when stretched to 200% strain and noncapacitance decays after 2000 stretching cycles at 100% strain. This strategy can be expanded to the carbon nanotubes (CNT)‐filled hydrogel systems. The PAAm‐PANI‐CNT conductive hydrogel with prestrain of 500%‐based supercapacitor shows specific capacitance of 1429.87 mF cm−2. The results demonstrate that prestretching is a highly effective method to enhance capacitance and stretching stability of PANI hydrogel electrode for stretchable supercapacitors.
Enhanced capsule generative adversarial network for spectrum and energy efficiency of cooperative spectrum prediction framework in cognitive radio network
Authors: D Chandra Mohan , Reddy B. V. Ramana
Published: February 2023

Cognitive radio network (CRN) is an intellective technology that frequently monitors the unused licensed spectrum in a particular frequency band. When more count of secondary users enters inside the channel may results in collisions. So, the secondary user may not sense the state of inactive and busy state of the primary user resulting reduces the spectrum efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE) of CRN. To overcome these issues, an enhanced capsule generative adversarial network (ECGAN) for spectrum and energy efficiency of cooperative spectrum prediction (CSP) framework in CRN is proposed to improve the channel occupancy. Initially, CRN system is designed to improve the spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency. Then, channel state of primary user is predicted by using the coupled hidden Markov model (CHMM) and ECGAN predictors. Hence, the correlation among the secondary user predict the next channel status, like AND, OR, majority rule fusion methods. The prediction error, spectrum efficiency, energy efficiency based these methods are compared with CHMM and ECGAN predictors as the process of channel occupancy based on. Also, the effect of busy and idle state prediction errors on SE is detected. The proposed method is simulated in MATLAB. Then, the performance of the proposed method shows higher energy efficiency 13.86%, 24.84%, 34.75%, compared with existing methods, such as spectrum and energy efficiency of CSP in CRN (SEE‐CSP‐CRN‐HMM), (SEE‐CSP‐CRN‐MLP), differential evolution based machine learning scheme for secure cooperative spectrum sensing system (SEE‐CSP‐CRN‐EML), cooperative spectrum sensing for primary user detection in CRN utilizing support vector machine (SEE‐CSP‐CRN‐SVM), respectively.
A bi‐level ensemble learning approach to complex time series forecasting: Taking exchange rates as an example
Authors: Hao Jun , Feng Qian Qian , Li Jianping , Sun Xiaolei
Published: February 2023

Forecasting complex time series faces a huge challenge due to its high volatility. To improve the accuracy and robustness of prediction, this paper proposes a bi‐level ensemble learning approach by combining decomposition‐ensemble forecasting and resample strategies. The bi‐level ensemble approach consists of four steps: data decomposition via singular spectrum analysis (SSA), resampling by employing a bagging algorithm, individual forecasting utilizing extreme learning machine (ELM), and introducing sorting‐pruning and simple addition ensemble strategies for integrating the inner and outer results, respectively. To verify the effectiveness of the established forecasting approach, three exchange rate time series are selected as samples. The results reveal that the proposed model is significantly better than the other benchmarks at different lead times, which indicates that it can be regarded as an effective and promising tool for complex time series forecasting.
Nickel‐Photoredox‐Catalyzed Synthesis of sp2−sp3 Fragments and the Impact of Bicycloalkane Isosteric Replacement on Their Physical‐Chemical Properties
Authors: Lefebvre Quentin , Bocu Mina , Giorgiutti Christophe , Fessard Thomas C.
Published: February 2023

Bicycloalkanes are well‐known isosteres of alkynes and aromatic rings and their use in the field of medicinal chemistry and drug discovery has been on the rise in the past ten years. Herein, we report the modular and practical synthesis of bicycloalkane‐containing fragments using nickel‐photoredox catalysis. The comparison of their relevant physical‐chemical properties with their aromatic counterparts shows a substantial improvement in LogP and aqueous solubility for bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane derivatives, but not for bicyclo[2.2.2]octane derivatives.
COVID‐19 does not impact on outcome of myeloma patients infected while undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: Masina Lorenzo , Bianchetti Nicola , Passi Angela , Bottelli Chiara , Bagnasco Samuele , Spolzino Angelica , Oberti Margherita , Chiarini Marco , Belotti Angelo , Voltolini Simone , Faglioni Laura , Rossi Giuseppe , Tucci Alessandra , Cattaneo Chiara
Published: February 2023

Here we report two cases of myeloma patients who became positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during the acute phase of autologous stem cell transplant. Both patients were promptly treated with monoclonal antibodies and remdesivir, and, despite the profound neutropenia and lymphopenia, they did not develop respiratory failure and they remained paucisymptomatic during the entire period of aplasia. Neutrophil engraftment took place as expected and the patients were discharged quickly and did not experience adverse effects after discharge.
DPP8/9 are not Required to Cleave Most Proline‐Containing Peptides
Authors: Bhattacharjee Abir , Bachovchin Daniel A.
Published: February 2023

Small molecule inhibitors of the intracellular serine peptidases DPP8 and DPP9 (DPP8/9) activate the NLRP1 and CARD8 inflammasomes, but the key DPP8/9 substrates have not yet been identified. DPP8/9 cleave after proline to remove N‐terminal dipeptides from peptides or proteins, and studies using pseudo‐peptide reporter substrates have suggested that these enzymes may play key roles in the catabolism of many proline‐containing peptides generated by the proteasome. Here, we evaluated the degradation of a wide array of actual peptides in cell lysates, and discovered that DPP8/9 are not in fact involved in the processing of the vast majority of proline‐containing peptides. Overall, these results indicate that DPP8/9 have a much more limited substrate scope than previously thought, and likely specifically cleave some critically important, but as yet unknown, intracellular peptide or protein that regulates inflammasome activation.
Selected Personal Memories of my Life with Helmut: Served as Facts in Homeopathic Doses and Highly Diluted with Fiction and Nonsense
Authors: Weiske Thomas
Published: February 2023

In the context of this special issue of the Israel Journal of Chemistry on the occasion and in honor of the 80th birthday of Prof. Helmut Schwarz, this article takes aim at some selected personal and occasionally fancifully embellished reminiscences from decades of interaction of the jubilarian with members of his research group.
FIGO recommendations: Use of midurethral slings for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Lau Hui‐Hsuan , Davila G. Willy , Chen Ying‐Yu , Sartori Marair G. F. , Jármy‐Di Bella Zsuzsanna I. K. , Tsai Jung‐Mei , Liu Yu‐Min , Su Tsung‐Hsien ,   for the FIGO Urogynecology and Pelvic Floor Committee
Published: February 2023

Background

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a global problem. It can significantly adversely impact a woman's quality of life. The use of synthetic mesh in vaginal surgery is controversial, especially when used for pelvic organ prolapse surgery. Although negative effects have been reported, the synthetic mesh midurethral sling (MUS) is considered to be safe and effective in the surgical treatment of SUI.

Objectives

To provide evidence‐based data and recommendations for the obstetrician/gynecologist who treats women with SUI and performs or plans to perform MUS procedures.

Methods

Academic searches of MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and Google Scholar articles published between 1987 and March 2020 were performed by a subgroup of the Urogynecology and Pelvic Floor Committee, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO).

Selection Criteria

The obtained scientific data were associated with a level of evidence according to the Oxford University Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine and GRADE Working Group system. In the absence of concrete scientific evidence, the recommendations were made via professional consensus.

Results

The FIGO Urogynecology and Pelvic Floor Committee reviewed the literature and prepared this evidence‐based recommendations document for the use of MUS for women with SUI.

Conclusions

Despite the extensive literature, there is a lack of consensus in the optimal surgical treatment of SUI. These recommendations provide a direction for surgeons to make appropriate decisions regarding management of SUI. The MUS is considered safe and effective in the treatment of SUI, based on many high‐quality scientific publications and professional society recommendations. Comprehensive long‐term data and systemic reviews are still needed, and these data will become increasingly important as women live longer. These recommendations will be continuously updated through future literature reviews.
Childhood Family Environment and Osteoporosis in a Population‐Based Cohort Study of Middle‐to Older‐Age Americans
Authors: Courtney Margaret Gough , Roberts Josephine , Quintero Yadira , Godde K.
Published: February 2023

Demographic and early‐life socioeconomic and parental investment factors may influence later‐life health and development of chronic and progressive diseases, including osteoporosis, a costly condition common among women. The “long arm of childhood” literature links negative early‐life exposures to lower socioeconomic attainment and worse adult health. We build on a small literature linking childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and bone health, providing evidence of whether associations exist between lower childhood SES and maternal investment and higher risk of osteoporosis diagnosis. We further examine whether persons identifying with non‐White racial/ethnic groups experience underdiagnosis. Data from the nationally representative, population‐based cohort Health and Retirement Study (N = 5,490–11,819) were analyzed for participants ages 50–90 to assess these relationships. Using a machine learning algorithm, we estimated seven survey‐weighted logit models. Greater maternal investment was linked to lower odds of osteoporosis diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.69, 0.92), but childhood SES was not (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.94, 1.13). Identifying as Black/African American (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.40, 0.80) was associated with lower odds, and identifying as female (OR = 7.22, 95% CI = 5.54, 9.40) produced higher odds of diagnosis. There were differences in diagnosis across intersectional racial/ethnic and sex identities, after accounting for having a bone density scan, and a model predicting bone density scan receipt demonstrated unequal screening across groups. Greater maternal investment was linked to lower odds of osteoporosis diagnosis, likely reflecting links to life‐course accumulation of human capital and childhood nutrition. There is some evidence of underdiagnosis related to bone density scan access. Yet results demonstrated a limited role for the long arm of childhood in later‐life osteoporosis diagnosis. Findings suggest that (1) clinicians should consider life‐course context when assessing osteoporosis risk and (2) diversity, equity, and inclusivity training for clinicians could improve health equity. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Stepwise conversion of methane to methanol on Cu and Fe/zeolites prepared in solid state: the effect of zeolite type and activation temperature
Authors: Le Ha V , Ho Phuoc H , Trunschke Annette , Schomäcker Reinhard , Thomas Arne
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Grand efforts have been recently devoted to the development of catalysts based on the excellent performance of Cu‐ and Fe‐dependent enzymes in methanotrophic bacteria for the partial oxidation of methane to methanol under ambient conditions. As a continuation of the study on the stepwise manner for this conversion over zeolite‐based catalysts, in this work, the effects of zeolite topology and activation temperature on the catalytic performance of Cu‐ and Fe‐containing zeolites were investigated.

RESULTS

Cu species exchanged in the medium‐pore zeolites (mordenite, ZSM‐5, and ferrierite) afforded better methanol production, while large‐pore zeolites (zeolite β and zeolite γ) were inappropriate to accommodate active Cu sites. Notably, Cu/silicalite‐1 containing CuO species was also reactive to methane after the activation in O2, yielding a minor methanol amount. Furthermore, the activity of Fe/mordenite towards the methanol in the O2‐assisted procedure was reported for the first time but with a much lower yield as compared to that of Cu/mordenite. The methanol yield over Cu/mordenite increased with the activation temperature because increasing the activation temperature favored the Cu‐exchange degree with a higher priority at the side pockets as compared to the main channels of mordenite, as evidenced from infrared analysis.

CONCLUSION

The selective oxidation of methane to methanol by O2 via a stepwise manner can be obtained over both ion‐exchanged Cu species and well‐dispersed CuO nanoparticles with better activity being recorded for the former. The activity of Cu‐exchanged zeolites was considerably dependent on the zeolite topology and the charge‐balancing position of the Cu2+ cations. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Maternal hyperoxygenation during pregnancy as a tool in fetal disease diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Zalinska Agnieszka , Respondek‐Liberska Maria , Slodki Maciej
Published: February 2023

Maternal hyperoxygenation (MHO) consists of giving pregnant women (60% to 100%) oxygen through a facemask and using ultrasound assess or monitor the influence on fetal cardiovascular circulation. This review discusses the findings and the utility of acute and chronic MHO in various fetal diseases.
Fetal cardiac function evaluation: A review
Authors: Vasciaveo Lorenzo , Zanzarelli Erika , D'Antonio Francesco
Published: February 2023

The aim of this review is to provide an up to date on the current use of fetal echocardiography in assessing the fetal cardiac function and its potential research and clinical applications. Despite classically is been used for prenatal diagnosis of fetal heart defects, assessment of fetal cardiac function has been recently proposed as a fundamental tool to assess pregnancies complicated by several disorders with long‐term impact on post‐natal cardiovascular health, such as placental insufficiency and fetal growth restriction. In this review we present anatomical and functional fetal cardiac development mechanisms and an overview of the currently available techniques for evaluating fetal heart function.
Jaw morphology and function in Drilonereis cf. filum (Oenonidae, Annelida)
Authors: Tzetlin Alexander , Vortsepneva Elena , Zhadan Anna
Published: February 2023

Representatives of the extant family Oenonidae (Annelida, Eunicida) have a prionognath jaw apparatus, with maxillae having forceps‐like elements, a number of asymmetrical dentate plates and long slender carriers, which is characteristic of some fossil forms known from the Paleozoic epoch. Therefore, data on the fine structure and functional morphology of Oenonidae jaws are helpful for the interpretation of fossil materials. The fine structure of the jaw apparatus and the ventral pharyngeal organ is studied in one species of the Oenonidae (Annelida)—Drilonereis cf. filum. The material was collected in the soft bottom of Marseille Bay (Mediterranean) and examined with the help of TEM and histological techniques. A three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction was made from a complete series of semithin sections. The entire jaw apparatus is about 500 µm in length; it includes ventral mandibles and four pairs of maxillae, connected with long paired dorsal carriers and an unpaired ventral carrier. While retracted, it reaches the VIII−XI chaetigers. The most solid part of the maxillary apparatus, that is, maxillae I and II, are 2.5−5 µm thick. The plate consists of a monolithic array of merged scleroprotein granules in which perforations, that is, spaces remaining from microvilli, are visible; the basal part of the maxillary plate is a layer of loosely arranged collagen fibers penetrated with microvilli and has no signs of sclerotization. A study of the jaws of Drilonereis cf. filum showed the presence of common jaw patterns in Eunicida order. Like the jaws of Dorvilleidae, Eunicidae, Onuphidae, and Lumbrineridae, the jaws of Drilonereis are formed at the basis of a typical annelid cuticle's transformation with epi‐ and basicuticular layers, and its impregnation by merging scleroprotein granules. Through the nature of sclerotization, the jaws of D. cf. filum are similar to those of Dorvilleidae, Histriobdellidae, and the juvenile jaws of Mooreonuphis stigmatis (Onuphidae). Analysis of the 3D‐reconstructions of the D. cf. filum jaw apparatus shows that the MxI of this species, and probably of other Oenonidae with dorsal and ventral carriers, can make grasping motions by fixing the joint of the right and left MxI in the two‐door hinge type. In general, the overall structure of the jaw apparatus of D. cf. filum and the mechanics of its work shows greater similarity with that of Dorvilleidae than with the jaw apparatus of extant Labidognatha and Simmetrognatha (Onuphidae, Eunicidae, Lumbrineridae). The need for compactization of the jaw apparatus when moving in dense sediment or in the burrows is probably one of the factors determining its structure.
Monkeypox awareness and low vaccination hesitancy among men who have sex with men in China
Authors: Li Yuwei , Peng Xin , Fu Leiwen , Wang Bingyi , Sun Yinghui , Chen Yuanyi , Lin Yi‐Fan , Wu Xinsheng , Liu Qi , Gao Yanxiao , Zheng Weiran , Bian Junye , Lu Zhen , Meng Xiaojun , Xue Hui , Li Hui , Jiang Hongbo , Zou Huachun
Published: February 2023

Men who have sex with men (MSM) have been recommended for targeted monkeypox vaccination. We aimed to investigate monkeypox awareness and explore the correlates of monkeypox vaccination hesitancy among MSM in China. We conducted a cross‐sectional survey from August 10 to September 9, 2022. Awareness related to monkeypox and attitude toward monkeypox vaccination among MSM aged ≥18 years were collected. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to evaluate correlates of vaccination hesitancy. The discrepancy in awareness between subgroups regarding HIV status was assessed. A total of 1090 MSM were included (age: median 30 years, interquartile range [IQR], 25–35; HIV‐infected: 53.12%). Only 13.85% of respondents expressed high monkeypox vaccination hesitancy. Hesitancy was associated with no fixed income (adjuster odds ratio [aOR], 2.46, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.48–4.11), infrequent information following (sometimes, 3.01, 1.55–5.83; seldom or never, 5.66, 2.58–12.45), and lack of worries about monkeypox endemic (1.78, 1.11–2.87). Participants who believed that HIV‐infected cases accounted for a smaller proportion (1.62, 1.01–2.60), disagreed that monkeypox virus could be detected in semen (2.21, 1.26–3.88), and considered either replication‐competent (1.84, 1.14–2.96) or replication‐deficient (4.80, 2.26–10.21) monkeypox vaccine unsuitable for HIV‐infected people were generally more hesitant. Compared with HIV‐uninfected MSM, HIV‐infected MSM supported more for vaccination promotion. MSM in China had low hesitancy toward monkeypox vaccination. Safety and affordability of vaccine and availability of information were essential aspects to reduce hesitancy. Education on vaccination benefits should be encouraged to promote future vaccination plans.