bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accurate Storm Surge Prediction with a Parametric Cyclone and Neural Network Hybrid Model
Authors: Chao Wei-Ting , Young Chih-Chieh
Published: January 2022

Storm surges are one of the most devastating coastal disasters. Numerous efforts have continuously been made to achieve better prediction of storm surge variation. In this paper, we propose a parametric cyclone and neural network hybrid model for accurate, long lead-time storm surge prediction. The model was applied to the northeastern coastal region of Taiwan, i.e., Longdong station. A total of 14 historical typhoon events were used for model training and validation, and the results and questions associated with this hybrid approach carefully discussed. Overall, the proposed method reduced the complexity of network structure while retaining the important typhoon indicators. In particular, local pressure and winds estimated from the storm parameters through physically-based parametric cyclone models allow for inferring the possible future influence of a typhoon, unlike the simple collection and direct usage of observation data from local stations in earlier works. Meanwhile, the error-tolerance capability of the neural network alleviated some discrepancy in the model inputs and enabled good surge prediction. Further, the proposed method showed better and faster convergence thanks to the retention of storm information and the reduced dimensions of the search space. The hybrid model presented excellent performance or maintained reasonable capability for short lead-time and long lead-time storm surge prediction. Compared with the pure neural network model under the same network dimensions, the present model demonstrated great improvement in accuracy as the prediction lead time increased to 8 h, e.g., 33–40% (13–21%) and 32–37% (18–29%) RMSE and CE, respectively, in the training/validation phase.
Water Economics: An In-Depth Analysis of the Connection of Blue Water with Some Primary Level Aspects of Economic Theory I
Authors: Zisopoulou Kalomoira , Zisopoulos Dimitris , Panagoulia Dionysia
Published: January 2022

An analysis of the following aspects of water economics was undertaken: Water as an Economic and Social Good, Modes of Government Intervention, Water Scarcity in Economic Theory and Agricultural Water Management Changes, with the support of over 300 sources. Emphasis was placed on the connection with primary aspects of economics, in contrast to the usual applicative expositions found in water economics literature. This is a novel approach comparing international bodies’ definitions with economic theory at primary level which leads, upon occasion, to serious contradictions which were exhibited in broad lines. Furthermore, it compares the global implications of these definitions to the existing reality at country level, and a lack of bilateral consistency is exhibited. The uniform picture presented at global level is shown to become a non-uniform one at country level, where sharp variations in resources and availability form a competitive market between nations, and water-rich countries already possessing a competitive advantage are shown to attain a water-based comparative advantage as well. It is shown that although at country level water has a quasi-public good character with minimal private good market existence, this is achieved with the existence of a private goods market at international level via international trade in virtual water. A novel approach to management problems stemming from authority levels starting at global level and ending at farm level is analyzed and redressed by employing reality gap theory.
Hunting for Information in Streamflow Signatures to Improve Modelled Drainage
Authors: Schneider Raphael , Stisen Simon , Højberg Anker Lajer
Published: January 2022

About half of the Danish agricultural land is drained artificially. Those drains, mostly in the form of tile drains, have a significant effect on the hydrological cycle. Consequently, the drainage system must also be represented in hydrological models that are used to simulate, for example, the transport and retention of chemicals. However, representation of drainage in large-scale hydrological models is challenging due to scale issues, lacking data on the distribution of drain infrastructure, and lacking drain flow observations. This calls for more indirect methods to inform such models. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that drain flow leaves a signal in streamflow signatures, as it represents a distinct streamflow generation process. Streamflow signatures are indices characterizing hydrological behaviour based on the hydrograph. Using machine learning regressors, we show that there is a correlation between signatures of simulated streamflow and simulated drain fraction. Based on these insights, signatures relevant to drain flow are incorporated in hydrological model calibration. A distributed coupled groundwater–surface water model of the Norsminde catchment, Denmark (145 km2) is set up. Calibration scenarios are defined with different objective functions; either using conventional stream flow metrics only, or a combination with hydrological signatures. We then evaluate the results from the different scenarios in terms of how well the models reproduce observed drain flow and spatial drainage patterns. Overall, the simulation of drain in the models is satisfactory. However, it remains challenging to find a direct link between signatures and an improvement in representation of drainage. This is likely attributable to model structural issues and lacking flexibility in model parameterization.
Sustainable Water Allocation in Umarkhed Taluka through Optimization of Reservoir Operation in the Wardha Sub-Basin, India
Authors: Haidar Md Atif Ibne , Che Daniel , Mays Larry W.
Published: January 2022

Climate change is causing shifts in seasonal weather patterns and variation in seasonal time scales in India. Factors including uneven distribution of water, faulty agricultural practices and water policies, low prices of farm products, and debt are leading farmers to commit suicide in Umarkhed Taluka of the Yavatmal District. This study aimed to develop a sustainable solution to water scarcity in the surrounding watershed by introducing optimization modeling in reservoir operation. Past studies have conducted different hydrologic analyses to address the water scarcity issue in this region. However, none of the studies incorporated optimization in their models. This study developed an integrated hydrologic and optimization model that can predict the daily reservoir releases for climate change scenarios from 2020 to 2069 based upon Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP-4.5 and RCP-8.5) climate change scenarios from 2020 to 2069. The integrated simulations were able to deliver around 19% more water than the historical discharge at the most downstream station of the Wardha Watershed. The simulated approaches store less water than the actual unoptimized scenario and deliver water when there is a need at the downstream locations. Finally, because the downstream locations of the Wardha Watershed receive more water, a localized storage system can be developed and a transfer method can be utilized to deliver sufficient water to the Umarkhed Taluka.
Hydrochemical Characteristics of Earthquake-Related Thermal Springs along the Weixi–Qiaohou Fault, Southeast Tibet Plateau
Authors: Zhou Huiling , Zhou Xiaocheng , Su Hejun , Li Ying , Liu Fengli , Ouyang Shupei , Yan Yucong , Bai Ronglong
Published: January 2022

The Weixi–Qiaohou Fault (WQF) is considered an important zone of the western boundary of the Sichuan–Yunnan block, and its seismicity has attracted much attention after a series of moderate–strong earthquakes, especially the Yangbi Ms6.4 earthquake that occurred on 21 May 2021. In the present research, we investigate major and trace elements, as well as hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, of 10 hot springs sites located along the WQF, which are recharged by infiltrated precipitation from 1.9 to 3.1 km. The hydrochemical types of most analyzed geothermal waters are HCO3SO4-Na, SO4Cl-NaCa, and SO4-Ca, proving that they are composed of immature water and thus are characterized by weak water–rock reactions. The heat storage temperature range was from 44.1 °C to 101.1 °C; the circulation depth was estimated to range between 1.4 and 4.3 km. The results of annual data analysis showed that Na+, Cl−, and SO42− in hot springs decreased by 11.20% to 23.80% north of the Yangbi Ms5.1 earthquake, which occurred on 27 March 2017, but increased by 5.0% to 28.45% to the south; this might be correlated with the difference in seismicity within the fault zone. The results of continuous measurements of NJ (H1) and EYXX (H2) showed irregular variation anomalies 20 days before the Yangbi Ms6.4 earthquake. In addition, Cl− concentration is more sensitive to near-field seismicity with respect to Na+ and SO42−. We finally obtained a conceptual model on the origin of groundwater and the hydrogeochemical cycling process in the WQF. The results suggest that anomalies in the water chemistry of hot spring water can be used as a valid indicator of earthquake precursors.
Isotopic Assessment of Groundwater Salinity: A Case Study of the Southwest (SW) Region of Punjab, India
Authors: Krishan Gopal , Rao Mavidanam Someshwar , Vashisht Rajesh , Chaudhary Anju , Singh Jaswant , Kumar Amit
Published: January 2022

In recent decades, due to rapid increases in water demand and greater usage of water for irrigation from surface canals, waterlogging problems have been created in the southwest zone of Punjab, coupled with a stagnation in saline zone formation due to salinity ingression. To understand these salinity issues, the present study has been conducted in three districts (Muktsar, Fazilka, and Faridkot) of Punjab to understand the root cause. To this end, groundwater samples were collected from 142 piezometers developed at 40 sites. Electrical conductivity (EC) observations were taken in the field, and collected samples were analyzed for isotopes in the laboratory. Results found that salinity in groundwater arises from the combination of evaporation enrichment and salt dissolution. The dissolved salts may be acquired due to salts from aquifer materials or salts from surface soils dissolving and leaching down with the recharging water. Besides, the zone of interaction is mapped using stable isotopic composition. The study suggests that zone of interaction between aquifers can be effectively used in groundwater augmentation, management, and contamination control at regional and/or global scales to curb water demand in the future.
Mesilla/Conejos-Médanos Basin: U.S.-Mexico Transboundary Water Resources
Authors: Robertson Andrew J. , Matherne Anne-Marie , Pepin Jeff D. , Ritchie Andre B. , Sweetkind Donald S. , Teeple Andrew P. , Granados-Olivas Alfredo , García-Vásquez Ana Cristina , Carroll Kenneth C. , Fuchs Erek H. , Galanter Amy E.
Published: January 2022

Synthesizing binational data to characterize shared water resources is critical to informing binational management. This work uses binational hydrogeology and water resource data in the Mesilla/Conejos-Médanos Basin (Basin) to describe the hydrologic conceptual model and identify potential research that could help inform sustainable management. The Basin aquifer is primarily composed of continuous basin-fill Santa Fe Group sediments, allowing for transboundary throughflow. Groundwater flow, however, may be partially or fully restricted by intrabasin uplifts and limited recharge. The shallow groundwater in the Rio Grande alluvium receives recharge from the Rio Grande and responds to changes in water supply and demand. About 11% of Rio Grande alluvial groundwater volume is recharged annually, an amount that is less than recent withdrawals. Potentially recoverable fresh to slightly brackish groundwater was estimated at 82,600 cubic hectometers in the U.S. portion of the Basin and 69,100 cubic hectometers in the Mexican portion. Alluvial groundwater geochemistry is governed by the evaporative concentration of the Rio Grande and agricultural diversions, whereas deeper groundwater geochemistry is governed by mixing and geochemical processes. Continued refinements to storage estimates, the water budget, and deep groundwater extent and geochemistry can improve estimates of sustainable use and inform alternative water sources.
Description of Aurelia pseudosolida sp. nov. (Scyphozoa, Ulmaridae) from the Adriatic Sea
Authors: Garić Rade , Batistić Mirna
Published: January 2022

Until 2021, the genus Aurelia contained eleven described species (WoRMS, 2020), with many genetic species still awaiting a formal description. In 2021, ten new species of Aurelia were described almost solely from genetic data in a novel attempt to use genetic characters as diagnostic characters for species descriptions, leaving seven genetic species still undescribed. Here we present the description of a new Aurelia species from the Adriatic Sea using an integrative taxonomy approach, i.e., employing molecular as well as morphological characteristics in order to describe this new Aurelia species. The species is described based on a single medusa sampled from the town of Rovinj (Croatia), North Adriatic, amidst combined blooms of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidy and cnidarian Aurelia solida in the summer of 2020. Based on genetic data, the newly described Aurelia pseudosolida sp. nov. has never been sequenced in any of the previous investigations of the molecular diversity of Aurelia. This is the second species belonging to Discomedusae described from the North Adriatic in little more than half a decade, which could be yet another indication of the susceptibility of the North Adriatic to proliferation of non-indigenous gelatinous species, especially if we take into account historical as well as recent blooms of suspected non-indigenous gelatinous species such as Muggiaea atlantica, Aurelia solida, Mawia benovici and Mnemiopsis leidy.
A Daily Water Balance Model Based on the Distribution Function Unifying Probability Distributed Model and the SCS Curve Number Method
Authors: Kheimi Marwan , Abdelaziz Shokry M.
Published: January 2022

A new daily water balance model is developed and tested in this paper. The new model has a similar model structure to the existing probability distributed rainfall runoff models (PDM), such as HyMOD. However, the model utilizes a new distribution function for soil water storage capacity, which leads to the SCS (Soil Conservation Service) curve number (CN) method when the initial soil water storage is set to zero. Therefore, the developed model is a unification of the PDM and CN methods and is called the PDM–CN model in this paper. Besides runoff modeling, the calculation of daily evaporation in the model is also dependent on the distribution function, since the spatial variability of soil water storage affects the catchment-scale evaporation. The generated runoff is partitioned into direct runoff and groundwater recharge, which are then routed through quick and slow storage tanks, respectively. Total discharge is the summation of quick flow from the quick storage tank and base flow from the slow storage tank. The new model with 5 parameters is applied to 92 catchments for simulating daily streamflow and evaporation and compared with AWMB, SACRAMENTO, and SIMHYD models. The performance of the model is slightly better than HyMOD but is not better compared with the 14-parameter model (SACRAMENTO) in the calibration, and does not perform as well in the validation period as the 7-parameter model (SIMHYD) in some areas, based on the NSE values. The linkage between the PDM–CN model and long-term water balance model is also presented, and a two-parameter mean annual water balance equation is derived from the proposed PDM–CN model.
Distribution and Driving Mechanism of N2O in Sea Ice and Its Underlying Seawater during Arctic Melt Season
Authors: Liu Jian , Zhan Liyang , Wang Qingkai , Wu Man , Ye Wangwang , Zhang Jiexia , Li Yuhong , Wen Jianwen , Chen Liqi
Published: January 2022

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is the third most important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, and the ocean is an important source of N2O. As the Arctic Ocean is strongly affected by global warming, rapid ice melting can have a significant impact on the N2O pattern in the Arctic environment. To better understand this impact, N2O concentration in ice core and underlying seawater (USW) was measured during the seventh Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition (CHINARE2016). The results showed that the average N2O concentration in first-year ice (FYI) was 4.5 ± 1.0 nmol kg−1, and that in multi-year ice (MYI) was 4.8 ± 1.9 nmol kg−1. Under the influence of exchange among atmosphere-sea ice-seawater systems, brine dynamics and possible N2O generation processes at the bottom of sea ice, the FYI showed higher N2O concentrations at the bottom and surface, while lower N2O concentrations were seen inside sea ice. Due to the melting of sea ice and biogeochemical processes, USW presented as the sink of N2O, and the saturation varied from 47.2% to 102.2%. However, the observed N2O concentrations in USW were higher than that of T-N2OUSW due to the sea–air exchange, diffusion process, possible N2O generation mechanism, and the influence of precipitation, and a more detailed mechanism is needed to understand this process in the Arctic Ocean.
Assessment of PERSIANN-CCS, PERSIANN-CDR, SM2RAIN-ASCAT, and CHIRPS-2.0 Rainfall Products over a Semi-Arid Subtropical Climatic Region
Authors: Anjum Muhammad Naveed , Irfan Muhammad , Waseem Muhammad , Leta Megersa Kebede , Niazi Usama Muhammad , ur Rahman Saif , Ghanim Abdulnoor , Mukhtar Muhammad Ahsan , Nadeem Muhammad Umer
Published: January 2022

This study compares the performance of four satellite-based rainfall products (SRPs) (PERSIANN-CCS, PERSIANN-CDR, SM2RAIN-ASCAT, and CHIRPS-2.0) in a semi-arid subtropical region. As a case study, Punjab Province of Pakistan was considered for this assessment. Using observations from in-situ meteorological stations, the uncertainty in daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual rainfall estimates of SRPs at pixel and regional scales during 2010–2018 were examined. Several evaluation indices (Correlation Coefficient (CC), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Bias, and relative Bias (rBias), as well as categorical indices (Probability of Detection (POD), Critical Success Index (CSI), and False Alarm Ration (FAR)) were used to assess the performance of the SRPs. The following findings were found: (1) CHIRPS-2.0 and SM2RAIN-ASCAT products were capable of tracking the spatiotemporal variability of observed rainfall, (2) all SRPs had higher overall performances in the northwestern parts of the province than the other parts, (3) all SRP estimates were in better agreement with ground-based monthly observations than daily records, and (4) on the seasonal scale, CHIRPS-2.0 and SM2RAIN-ASCAT were better than PERSIANN-CCS and PERSIANN. In all seasons, CHIRPS-2.0 and SM2RAIN-ASCAT outperformed PERSIANN-CCS and PERSIANN-CDR. Based on our findings, we recommend that hydrometeorological investigations in Pakistan’s Punjab Province employ monthly estimates of CHIRPS-2.0 and SM2RAIN-ASCAT products.
Performance and Design of a Stepped Spillway Aerator
Authors: Terrier Stéphane , Pfister Michael , Schleiss Anton J.
Published: January 2022

Stepped spillways are frequently limited to specific discharges under around 30 m2/s due to concerns about potential cavitation damages. A small air concentration can prevent such damages and the design of bottom aerators is well established for smooth chutes. The purpose of this study is to systematically investigate the performance of a deflector aerator at the beginning of stepped chutes. Six parameters (chute angle, step height, approach flow depth, approach flow Froude number, deflector angle and deflector height) are varied in a physical model. The spatial air concentration distribution downstream of the aerator, the cavity sub-pressure, water discharge and air discharges are measured. The results describe the commonly used air entrainment coefficient, the jet length, as well as the average and bottom air concentration development to design an aerator. The lowest bottom air concentration measured in all tests is higher than the air concentration recommended in literature to protect against cavitation damages. And, unlike smooth chutes, there appears to be no significant air detrainment downstream of the jet impact. One deflector aerator seems therefore sufficient to provide protection of a stepped spillway.
Increases in Picocyanobacteria Abundance in Agriculturally Eutrophic Pampean Lakes Inferred from Historical Records of Secchi Depth and Chlorophyll-a
Authors: Zagarese Horacio Ernesto , Diovisalvi Nadia R. , González Sagrario María de los Ángeles , Izaguirre Irina , Fermani Paulina , Unrein Fernando , Castro Berman Manuel , Pérez Gonzalo Luis
Published: January 2022

Phytoplankton size structure has profound consequences on food-web organization and energy transfer. Presently, picocyanobacteria (size < 2 µm) represent a major fraction of the autotrophic plankton of Pampean lakes. Glyphosate is known to stimulate the development of picocyanobacteria capable of degrading the herbicide. Due to the worldwide adoption of glyphosate-resistant crops, herbicide usage has increased sharply since the mid-1990s. Unfortunately, there are very few studies (none for the Pampa region) reporting picocyanobacteria abundance before 2000. The proliferation of µm sized particles should decrease Secchi disc depth (ZSD). Therefore ZSD, conditional to chlorophyll-a, may serve as an indicator of picocyanobacteria abundance. We use generalized additive models (GAMs) to analyze a “validation” dataset consisting of 82 records of ZSD, chlorophyll-a, and picocyanobacteria abundance from two Pampean lakes surveys (2009 and 2015). In support of the hypothesis, ZSD was negatively related to picocyanobacteria after accounting for the effect of chlorophyll-a. We then fitted a “historical” dataset using hierarchical GAMs to compare ZSD conditional to chlorophyll-a, before and after 2000. We estimated that ZSD levels during 2000–2021 were, on average, only about half as deep as those during 1980–1999. We conclude that the adoption of glyphosate-resistant crops has stimulated outbreaks of picocyanobacteria populations, resulting in lower water transparency.
Modeling Changes in the Composition of River Water with Discharged Wastewater: A Case Study in NW Russia
Authors: Malov Alexander I. , Sidkina Evgeniya S. , Mironenko Mikhail V. , Tyshov Alexey S. , Cherkasova Elena V.
Published: January 2022

The technogenic impact of the development of the Lomonosov diamond deposit is associated with the discharge of quarry and drainage water into the river, which has a special conservation status. Earlier studies on the composition of bottom sediments showed that there are signs of increased accumulation of heavy metals and radionuclides at wastewater discharge sites. The purpose of this work was to predict changes in the composition of surface water and bottom sediment in the river during the further development of mining operations with brackish and salty water captured by drainage systems, the presence of which was established in the zone of their future influence. For this, a simulation of changes in the composition of the water in the river was carried out using the GEOCHEQ software package by minimizing the free energy of the system using a convex simplex algorithm. It was found that the maximum salinity of surface water can reach 1.51 g/L. In this case, the MPC of Cl−, Na+, SO42−, Mg2+, Sr, V, and U can be exceeded for fishery watercourses. The genetic basis of the accumulation of these components in solutions for mixing was considered. According to the calculations, when about 5000 m3/h of drainage water is discharge d into the river, the mass of precipitated chemical elements will be 56–191 t/h, including up to 2.1 t/h of iron; therefore, accumulation in the discharge zone must be controlled.
A Model of Evapotranspirative Irrigation to Manage the Various Water Levels in the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and Its Effect on Crop and Water Productivities
Authors: Arif Chusnul , Saptomo Satyanto Krido , Setiawan Budi Indra , Taufik Muh , Suwarno Willy Bayuardi , Mizoguchi Masaru
Published: January 2022

Evapotranspirative irrigation is a simple idea in a watering field based on the actual evapotranspiration rate, by operating an automatic floating valve in the inlet without electric power to manage water levels. The current study introduces a model of evapotranspirative irrigation and its application under different water levels. The objectives were (1) to evaluate the performances of evapotranspirative irrigation under various irrigation regimes, and to (2) to observe crop and water productivities of the system of rice intensification (SRI) as affected by different types of irrigation. The experiment was performed during one rice planting season, starting from July to November 2020, with three irrigation regimes, i.e., continuous flooded (CFI), moderate flooded (MFI) and water-saving irrigation (WSI). Good performance of the system was achieved; low root mean square error (RMSE) was indicated between observed water level and the set point in all irrigation regimes. Developing a better drainage system can improve the system. Among the regimes, the WSI regime was most effective in water use. It was able to increase water productivity by up to 14.5% while maintaining the crop yield. In addition, it has the highest water-use efficiency index. The index was 34% and 52% higher than those of the MFI and CFI regimes, respectively. Accordingly, the evapotranspirative irrigation was effective in controlling various water levels, and we recommend the system implemented at the field levels.
Actualization of Religious Values through Religious Tourism on the River As a Source of Social Studies Learning
Authors: Abbas Ersis Warmansyah , Jumriani Jumriani , Handy Muhammad Rezky Noor , Syaharuddin Syaharuddin , Izmi Nadiatul
Published: January 2022

Quality human resources are needed to support development. To produce these resources requires a variety of attitudes. One of them is religious attitudes as a preventive measure against immoral behaviour currently rife in society. From a local perspective, religious tourism can be done to learn in realizing religious attitudes. In the city of Banjarmasin, there is a religious tour of the Habib Basirih Dome that can actualize students' religious values through various religious activities. This article explores religious tourism on the river as a learning resource to actualize students' religious values. Qualitative approach with a descriptive method is used with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The validity of the data is done through triangulation of sources, time, and techniques. The study results ensure that religious tourism on f the river, precisely in the Habib Basirih Dome, can be used to actualize students' religious attitudes. Therefore, teachers can use it by planning, implementing, and evaluating in the context of social studies subjects by the content of religious characters through religious tourism on the river, precisely in the Basirih Dome.
Students' Perceptions in Using the Kahoot! Game on Reading Comprehension Learning
Authors: Rochimah Heni , Muslim Suyitno
Published: January 2022

Reading comprehension is an activity to build people's understanding through texts by combining information obtained through texts with their knowledge and experience. Students face problems in reading comprehension, such as difficulty answering questions related to descriptive text, not being able to read the entire text, and confusing new vocabulary. This study aimed to determine how students perceive and improve reading comprehension after using Kahoot! Games as learning media for reading comprehension on description text at State Junior High School in Cilacap. This study uses an experimental sequential mix method with a qualitative descriptive method as the first order followed by a pre-experimental method using a one-group pretest-posttest design. Based on the results of the study, it was found that students' perceptions of using Kahoot! Games tend to be positive, students find learning fun, increase focus and caution, eliminate boredom, and motivate students to read the entire text. Furthermore, there was an increase in students' reading ability as indicated by the paired-sample t-test results where the sig value. the count obtained was 0.002 0.05, and the count obtained was 6.837 table 2.776. Supported by an 18% increase in the average student training results from 66.4 to 81.
Cultural Communications of Islamic Boarding Schools in Indonesia
Authors: Saepullah Ujang
Published: January 2022

Pesantren communication culture is quite distinct from other cultures, as it has its own unique, unique, and distinct culture. The santri's obedience, sincerity, and respect for the Kyai exemplify its uniqueness. The author attempts to raise this unique communication culture as a research theme by researching a salaf (traditional) Islamic boarding school, An-Nidzam Sukabumi, and a modern Islamic boarding school, Pondok Pesantren Kholaf (modern) Assalam Sukabumi. The research focuses on the unique characteristics of each of the two Islamic boarding schools. This study employs a qualitative approach based on ethnographic methods because it is highly relevant to its focus on the language spoken, communication patterns observed, and communication culture of pesantren. The findings indicated that the communication cultures of the salaf and Khalaf pesantren were significantly different. The An Nizam salaf pesantren placed a premium on regional/Sundanese languages in daily interactions while simultaneously suppressing learning in religious sciences from the yellow books. The Kalaf/modern Assalam Islamic boarding schools placed a premium on Arabic and English instruction. The use of English in daily interactions and an understanding of the spiritual sciences are explored through classically taught contemporary books.
School Policy Innovation to Reduce Bullying Effect
Authors: Nurhayati Riana , Dwiningrum Siti Irene Astuti , Efianingrum Ariefa
Published: January 2022

Bullying is an unpleasant act that is still a problem in the school environment. To find out about school policy innovations in an effort to reduce the impact of bullying behavior, this will illustrate the relationship between bullying perpetrators and victims of bullying in SMA as well as school policy innovations to reduce the impact of bullying. This research was conducted in high school students of all levels with the number of respondents 1119 students in Indonesia. Descriptive approach with mixed methods. The sample / respondent was determined by purposive sampling technique. The data used a questionnaire and were analyzed with proportions and conducted FGD and interviews with teachers in SMA. The results of the study concluded that: 1) The value of r-count (Pearson Correlations) of the bullying was 0.186 r-table 0.062 and the r-count value for the bullying victim aspect was 0.139 r-table 0.062, meaning that the relationship between the two variables was positive and increased the bullying and victims of bullying, there will also be increased assistance and support from parents, teachers and friends; 2) The solution to reduce bullying effects must implement policies at the macro, meso and micro levels that work systemically and in synergy by creating creative and innovative programs. With the existence of an effective and innovative school policy, bullying cases that occur in schools can be minimized in terms of quality and quantity.
Internalization of Pancasila Values and Nationalism in High Schools Through Citizenship Education
Authors: Arifin Arifin
Published: January 2022

As citizens and the future generation, high school students are required to understand and carry out their rights and obligations according to their age level. Citizenship Education as a subject in schools must emphasize building their character. The substance of learning begins to make citizens who can participate effectively, intelligently, democratically, and responsibly. This literature study scrutinized this education pattern by analyzing six articles published in different settings in Indonesian high schools. The study results explain that Citizenship Education is directed to achieve two balanced main goals. First, Citizenship Education is functioned to improve students’ knowledge and skills about ethics, morals, and principles in the life of the nation and state, then to shape attitudes, behaviour, and personality by the noble values of the Indonesian nation. These two goals should be achieved so that students understand scientific concepts and principles and can do something using scientific concepts and principles that they have mastered in everyday life. Citizenship education should equip students with adequate intellectual knowledge and skills, which allow them to participate intelligently and responsibly in various dimensions of life to form democratic attitudes.
The Effect of Project-Based Learning through YouTube Presentations on English Learning Outcomes in Physics
Authors: Rozal Edi , Ananda Rizki , Zb Aminah , Fauziddin Mohammad , Sulman Fauzan
Published: January 2022

This study aims to analyze the effect of project-based learning with YouTube presentations as a final project on the cognitive domain online learning outcomes in English for Physics subjects. This study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method. The design of the study was post-test with a non-equivalent design. The populations of this study were the fourth-semester students of Physics Tadris, which amounted to 32 people. The samples were taken by using the saturated sampling technique. The instrument used in this study was 20 multiple-choice questions. in analyzing the data, the researcher used the t-test and correlation test (phi (Φ) test) with a significance level of α = 0,05. The results of the t-test show that there is a difference in learning achievement where the experimental class is better than the control class. Then from the results of the correlation test (phi test (Φ)) shows that project-based learning with YouTube achievement as a final project has a significant effect on the cognitive domain.
The Impact of University Uniqueness on Indonesian Universities' Competitiveness in the New Normal Education System
Authors: Foster Bob , Johansyah Muhamad Deni
Published: January 2022

The new normal learning process remains extremely difficult to implement due to changing one's mentality. Educators are not agents of knowledge dissemination. Nonetheless, it must fundamentally transform into motivators, inspirations, and collaborators in the process of developing the capacity to ask critical questions about the information contained in cyberspace and the general dearth of universities. It can organize online higher education programs properly is still a small number and coupled with students' lack of comprehension of the material provided by the lecturer online, which is significantly different from the face-to-face learning method. This research was conducted descriptively by employing a quantitative approach. This research aims to ascertain the capabilities of universities and their impact on the results achieved by universities in terms of competitiveness. The study's findings indicate that the university's unique capability significantly impacts its competitiveness.
In the Covid-19 Pandemic, How Well did Zoom Cloud Meeting and Quizizz Media Perform?
Authors: Vitarani Ade , Pujiastuti Pratiwi , Sudigdo Anang
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not the use of Zoom Cloud Meeting and Quiziz media had a substantial impact on students' interest in learning about literature. The participants in this study were 80 students who were enrolled in PGSD UST for the four semesters. This study is a quasi-experimental study that uses a questionnaire approach called the learning interest scale questionnaire to collect data with the help of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov analytical approach and the t-test. Based on the findings of the t-test, it was determined that t = 0.338 and p = 0.563 were significant. When this number was compared to a significance value of 0.05 for the one-score test, the p-value was found to be more than 0.05, indicating a statistically significant difference. Thus, classes taught using Zoom Cloud Meeting and Quizizz media have a higher level of enthusiasm in learning than programs taught using WAG medium (Whatsapp Group).
The Effects of Using Kahoot! on Understanding the Concept of Mathematical Symbols in Higher Education
Authors: Wahyuni Molli , Fauziddin Mohammad , Rizki Lussy Midani
Published: January 2022

This research was motivated by the condition of Mathematics Education students who were unfamiliar and unable to read and use these mathematical symbols correctly. This study aimed to examine the effect of Kahoot! game media on students’ understanding of concepts, especially on mathematical symbols. The population of this study was students of the Mathematics Education Study Program at Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai University. At the same time, the research sample was 100 people obtained through random sampling, namely students who attended the introduction of mathematical symbols. The data was collected by taking a mathematical understanding test before and after using the Kahoot game media. Analysis of the data used was the paired t-test. The results showed a difference in the pre-test and post-test scores of students’ conceptual understanding, where the significance value was 0.05%.
The Softskill and Hardskill forms of Tunjuk Ajar Melayu in Nyanyi Panjang Bujang Si Undang Palalawan Society of Riau Province
Authors: Erni Erni , Ulya Ridha Hasnul
Published: January 2022

This research is based on issues of tunjuk ajar inheritance that is no longer exists. The purpose of this study is to reveal and explain the points of tunjuk ajar Melayu Riau. This research is a content analysis research using qualitative descriptive methods. The method in analyzing the data in this research is carried out through three activities, namely: (1) data reduction, (2) data display, and (3) concluding. The results of this study are 4, namely: (1) teaching value related with the faith and piety in Nyanyi Panjang Bujang si Undang can be seen from the indicators of the behaviour of believing in God, doing the commands and leaving God's prohibitions, trustworthiness, sincerity, shame, low heart, and obedience to mother and father; (2) Tunjuk ajar in Nyanyi Panjang Bujang si Undang is reflected in the behaviour of saying as what it is, acting based on truth, and being responsible; (3) the intelligence character found in Nyanyi Panjang Bujang si Undang includes behavioural indicators, such as: directed, logical, and analytical thinking, being able to find solutions, careful, far-sighted, and the priority to study; and (4) nationality values in tunjuk ajar include behavioural indicators relating to unity and integrity, cooperation, rights and property, consensus agreement, and obedience to leaders.
Modeling of optical properties of hybrid metal-organic nanostructures
Authors: Ponyavina A. N. , Barbarchyk K. A. , Zamkovets A. D. , Tikhomirov S. A.
Published: January 2022

To model spectral characteristics of hybrid metal-organic nanostructures, the extended Mie theory was used, which makes it possible to calculate the extinction efficiency factor (Qext) and the scattering efficiency factor in the near zone (QNF) of two-layer spherical particles placed in an absorbing matrix. Two-layer plasmon nanospheres consisting of a metallic core (Ag, Cu) coated with dielectric shells and located into the copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) matrix were considered. The influence of dielectric shell thickness and refractive index on the characteristics of the surface plasmon resonance of absorption (SPRA) was studied. The possibility of the SPRA band tuning by changing the optical and geometrical parameters of dielectric shells was shown. It was established that dielectric shells allow to shift the surface plasmon resonance band of plasmonic  nanoparticles absorption both  to  short-  and  long-wavelength  spectral  range  depending on the relation between shell and matrix refractive indexes.
Energy levels of an electron in a circular quantum dot in the presence of spin-orbit interactions
Authors: Baran A. V. , Kudryashov V. V.
Published: January 2022

The two-dimensional circular quantum dot in a double semiconductor heterostructure is simulated by a new axially symmetric smooth potential of finite depth and width. The presence of additional potential parameters in this model allows us to describe the individual properties of different kinds of quantum dots. The influence of the Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit interactions on electron states in quantum dot is investigated. The total Hamiltonian of the problem is written as a sum of unperturbed part and perturbation. First, the exact solution of the unperturbed Schrödinger equation was constructed. Each energy level of the unperturbed Hamiltonian was doubly degenerated. Further, the analytical approximate expression for energy splitting was obtained within the framework of perturbation theory, when the strengths of two spin-orbit interactions are close. The numerical results show the dependence of energy levels on potential parameters.
Indicele îmbătrânirii active în Republica Moldova, 2020
Authors: Buciuceanu-Vrabie Mariana
Published: January 2022

In anul 2020, Indicele Imbatranirii Active (IIA) pentru Republica Moldova a acumulat scorul de 28.7 puncte din 100, marcand o ușoara creștere fața de primele estimari ale Indicelui realizate in 2016 (27.1 puncte). Ameliorarea situației generale a populației in varsta este, totuși, modesta – in ultimii cinci ani mai puțin de 1/3 din potențialul uman in varsta de 55 ani și peste este capacitat și are oportunitați de a avea o imbatranire activa și sanatoasa.
Acousto-optic Light Pulse Shaper for Measuring the Parameters of Photo-detectors
Authors: Hasanov A. R. , Hasanov R. A. , Rustamov A. R. , Ahmadov R. A. , Sadikhov M. V.
Published: January 2022

The paper emphasizes that intensive utilization of the optical range increases the need for the development of new optoelectronic devices. Accordingly, there is a growth in the need for effective methods and tools to study photoelectric properties of semiconductor materials, including photo-detectors.

In the paper we have analyzed the well-known methods and tools for measuring the photo-detector parameters, defined the restrictions in their applications, and proved that it is relevant to create a measuring system, the parameters of which are easily adapted to the study of photoelectric characteristics of a wide range of semiconductor materials, including photo-detectors.

The scheme and principle of operation of the acousto-optic processor and the features of the photo-elastic effect are discussed, and it is proved that they can be used to form a light pulse of required duration and power. The expressions obtained for calculating the response at the acousto-optic processor output enable us to estimate separately the effects of time of crossing the optical beam by the elastic wave packet and the photo-detector inertia.

The capability to determine the time of crossing the optical beam by the elastic wave packet and taking it into account as a device error has been substantiated. The proposed formulas have been tested and by numerical analysis based on the datasheet specifications of the FD-24K photodiode, the effectiveness of the obtained expressions has been convincingly proven.

The inertia parameters of a particular sample of the FD-24K photodiode are experimentally studied. The emphasis is upon measuring the rise time of the transient response of the object under study. The exact rise time value of the transient response of the experimental FD-24K sample was approximately 7 μs, which is less than that indicated (≤10 μs) in the product certificate. In real life, such a measurement is necessary when selecting the photodiode pairs with identical parameters.

By comparing the results of numerical analysis and experimental studies, it has been convincingly proven that the features of the photo-elastic effect can be used to construct a light pulse shaper with the required parameters.
STRENTHENING BY DIVIDING: TREATMENT OF GRADE III FURCATION INVOLVEMENT WITH PLATELET RICH FIBRIN
Authors: V Vasundhara , S Jeevanandam , Harshitha Harshitha , Das Arka
Published: January 2022

The modern dentistry has provided opportunity to the patient to increase the longevity of functional dentition. Therapeutic measures may vary in the complexity of the teeth. The treatment may involve combination of restorative dentistry, endodontics, and periodontics
Mapping and classification of a 100 hectare land at uzanu community, Edo state, Nigeria.
Authors: Agbogun Lucky , A.S. Umweni , O.H Kadiri , Okunsebor Faith
Published: January 2022

This study was carried out at Uzanu Community in Etsako East Local Government Area of Edo State to identify some of the major soils of the project area, through a soil mapping process. The methodology involved mapping of the soils of a 100 hectare land using the rigid grid soil survey method at a detailed scale. Four mapping units were delineated from the ten transects of 100 m apart and 100 m interval examination points along transects which gave a total of 84 auger points. Four representative pedons were sunk, described and sampled. Soil samples were analyzed using standard methods. Soils were classified according to USDA soil taxonomy System of Soil Classification. Series classification was locally defined using guidelines provided by Smyth and Montgomery. The results showed that Pedon 1 representing a mapping unit with area coverage of 14.2 hectares or 14.2 % of the entire research area was classified as Loamy Isohyperthermic Typic Plinthudult and locally as Origo series. The soils of mapping unit two, covering an area of 13.2 hectares or 13.2 % were classified as Loamy Isohyperthermic Ruptic-Ultic-Dystrudept and locally as Origo series. Pedon three soils, covering an area of 38 hectares or 38 % were classified as Loamy Isohyperthermic Typic Plinthudult and locally as Origo series while the soils of mapping unit four represented by pedon four, covering an area of 34.7 hectares or 34.7 % were classified as Coarse Loamy Isohyperthermic Ruptic-Ultic-Dystrudept and locally as Ekiti series.
Mucormycosis: modern diagnostics and treatment, existing problems and new trends in antifungal therapy
Authors: Popova Marina O. , Rogacheva Yu.A.
Published: January 2022

Over the last decade, the introduction of new antifungal drugs and diagnostic procedures has improved the prognosis of hematological patients with invasive fungal disease (IFD), primarily invasive aspergillosis. Despite effective antifungal prophylaxis against the most common IFD caused by Aspergillus spp., rates of IFD due to rare pathogens being resistant to most antifungal drugs, including mucormycosis have been increased. The main group of patients having a high risk of mucormycosis is deeply immunocompromised patients who received chemotherapy for acute leukemia, patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, or treated with corticosteroids for graft-versushost disease. Currently, the urgency of this complication is significantly higher due to COVID-19 pandemic and extensive use of corticosteroids for the treatment of COVID-19. Despite the fact that the criteria for the diagnosis of IFD EORTC/MSG 2008 and 2020 have been developed and implemented into practice in most countries, mucormycosis still remains a difficult-to-diagnose IFD, where the factor of rapid diagnosis is a main factor of treatment success. Medications available for the treatment of IFD include polyenes, triazoles, and echinocandins. For a long time, the drug of choice for the treatment of mucormycosis was liposomal amphotericin B. However, a new effective drug has been approved for the treatment of both mucormycosis and IFD, caused by multiple pathogens – isavuconazole. This review presents new data on the epidemiology of mucormycosis, diagnosis approaches and current international treatment guidelines.