bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ins kalte Wasser werfen. Anleitung in der Sozialen Arbeit
Authors: Erdmann Nina , Kloha Johannes , Sellmaier Claudia
Published: November 2022

Praxisphasen sind landesgesetzlich verankerter Teil der Studiengänge Sozialer Arbeit, aber auch angrenzender Studiengänge, wie z.B. der Kindheitspädagogik. Die Praxisphase ist verpflichtend für die Erlangung der staatlichen Anerkennung und Anleitung durch Fachkräfte ist in dieser gesetzlich vorgeschrieben. Trotz dieser Bedeutung gibt es bislang kaum Forschungserkenntnisse zu Anleitung in der Praxisphase. Der Beitrag zeigt erste empirische Einsichten zur Anleitungspraxis und skizziert damit verbundene Forschungslücken.
Teilhabeförderung durch Engagement?
Authors: Jepkens Katja , Scholten Lisa
Published: November 2022

Engagement kann vielfältige Formen annehmen: von der Mitgliedschaft in der freiwilligen Feuerwehr über gemeinsame ›Cleanup-Aktionen‹ im Stadtteil bis hin zum Aufpassen auf die Wohnung verreister Nachbar*innen. Insbesondere formalisiertes Engagement ist jedoch nicht allen Menschen zugänglich. Soziale Arbeit kann helfen, Engagement als eine Form der Teilhabe zu ermöglichen und Zugänge zu formalisiertem Engagement zu schaffen oder diese zu erweitern. Die Ergebnisse zweier Praxisforschungsprojekte zeigen, wie dies gelingen kann.
(In-)formelle Beratung zur Bildungs- bzw. Berufsintegration
Authors: Ghulam Mustafa
Published: November 2022

In den letzten Jahren wurde das Thema Migration in Deutschland, geprägt durch die Flüchtlingsbewegung seit 2015, in der gesellschaftlichen Debatte und im politischen Diskurs vielseitig beleuchtet. Es hat sich eine breitgefächerte Vielfalt unterschiedlicher Angebote etabliert, um die Integration der schutzsuchenden Menschen zu ermöglichen. Dabei stehen Bildung, Spracherwerb und die berufliche Qualifikation für ein selbstbestimmtes Leben im Vordergrund.
Die genossenschaftliche Innovationswelle der Bürgergenossenschaften auf dem Weg zur gesetzlichen Anerkennung
Authors: Kiesswetter Oscar
Published: November 2022

Die italienische Genossenschaftsbewegung weist eine besondere Anpassungsfähigkeit an veränderte sozioökonomische Bedürfnisse auf und reagiert darauf mit innovativen Unternehmensmodellen. Nach den Sozialgenossenschaften, die aus dem zweiten, gemeinwirtschaftlichen Förderauftrag ein erfolgreiches Geschäftsmodell gemacht haben, mehren sich aktuell die Gründungen von Bürgergenossenschaften, die auf materielle und immaterielle Bedürfnisse ihres Umfeldes eingehen. Für diese cooperative di comunità fehlt immer noch ein gesamtstaatlicher normativer Rahmen, der ihre vielseitige Tätigkeit anerkennt und regelt.
Die genossenschaftliche Systemfinanz im Dienst der Innovation und der Sicherung von Arbeitsplätzen
Authors: Kiesswetter Oscar
Published: November 2022

Der Beitrag analysiert die historische Entwicklung und die aktuelle Rolle der genossenschaftlichen Systemfinanz in Italien. Die selbstverwalteten Mutualitätsfonds sind vor dreißig Jahren mit dem Reformgesetz Nr. 59/1992 eingeführt worden und stellen heute im internationalen Vergleich eine Besonderheit des italienischen Systems dar. Sie fördern das gesamte Genossenschaftswesen, indem sie Gewinnanteile aller Kooperativen sammeln und diese Finanzmittel wieder in genossenschaftliche Unternehmen investieren. Dabei fördern sie die Entstehung innovativer Modelle und sichern Arbeitsplätze, indem sie genossenschaftliche Betriebsübernahmen (Workers‘ Buy-out) stärken.
Von der Schale bis zum Kern – MorphologischeÜberlegungen zu genossenschaftlichen Geschäftsmodellen
Authors: Thimm Philipp , Blome-Drees Johannes
Published: November 2022

In diesem Beitrag geht es darum, ein theoretisch-konzeptionelles Fundament für genossenschaftliche Geschäftsmodelle aufzubereiten. Hierzu wird das Untersuchungsobjekt der genossenschaftlichen Geschäftsmodelle mithilfe der morphologisch-typologischen Methode umfassend untersucht. Diese deskriptiv-analytischen Arbeiten münden in die Ausarbeitung einer umfangreichen Morphologie genossenschaftlicher Geschäftsmodelle, die darauf abzielt, das Untersuchungsobjekt mit allen potenziellen Ausprägungsmöglichkeiten zu erfassen. Auf deren Basis wird schließlich ein exemplarischer Modelltypus, der eines gemeinwirtschaftlich orientierten genossenschaftlichen Geschäftsmodells, konstruiert.
The Unique Approaches to Water Management for Transforming Bangladesh’s Drought-Prone Northwest Region into a Lush and Granary Landscape
Authors: Iquebal Hossain Mohammad , Niamul Bari Mohammad
Published: November 2022

Bangladesh’s Barind Tract, lying in the country’s northwestern part, is a drought-prone water scarce area that has suffered substantial difficulties in water management for agriculture, drinking, residential, and other uses. The situation has been changed by the efforts of the Barind Multipurpose Development Authority (BMDA). So, the focus of this research is on the numerous initiatives of the BMDA to transform the arid-like Barind area into a green and granary landscape through efficient water management. To achieve this goal, various data sets about water resources development and management, as well as other necessary information were collected from the BMDA and other sources and analyzed. Irrigation was initiated using groundwater (GW) through the installation of deep tube wells (DTWs). DTWs located near the localities are also used to provide drinking water to rural people. Then, by re-excavating derelict ponds, kharis (canals), and other water bodies and constructing cross-dams (check dams) and rubber dams in the re-excavated kharies and rivers, surface water (SW) augmentation is started, mostly for supplementary irrigation. Conserved water develops the environment and enhances groundwater recharge (GWR) alongside irrigation. Constructed dug wells in the severely water-stressed areas having no sources of SW and GW supply irrigation for low-water-consuming crops. Pre-paid metering in the irrigation management system has minimized the overuse of water, while the underground pipe water distribution system has reduced water transportation and evaporation losses. The application of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) model helps enhance GWR. Finally, BMDA’s efforts have transformed the Barind Tract, as well as Bangladesh’s northwest region, into a lush and granary terrain.
Favored Trees of the Maya Milpa Forest Garden Cycle
Authors: Ford Anabel , Turner Grace , Mai Hector
Published: November 2022

Comparisons of Maya forest gardens, the economic botany of the Maya forest, and identifications of plant remains in archaeological contexts converge on the value of the Maya forest as the reflection of the selective favoring of useful plants over time and across space. We have evaluated trees conserved in Maya milpas and present here an annotated list of significant categories of uses that transcend the ordinary, and highlight the extraordinary appreciation of plants and their role in the historical and cultural ecology of land use. Recognition of land cover significance, biodiversity, water conservation, erosion management, soil fertility principles, animal habitat essentials, and support for communities are all entangled with the role of plants. With an example of 160 confirmed trees favored in Maya milpa agricultural fields, we provide a window into economic values that dominate the Maya forest.
The Issue of Sidelobe Level in Antenna Array: The Challenge and the Possible Solution
Authors: Kingsley Eyiogwu Onu
Published: November 2022

This work looked at the issue of sidelobe level associated with antenna array and the challenge, providing a way that the issue and challenge can be overcome. Different authors have used different techniques in trying to find solutions to the problems in antenna array. This research work considered enhanced firefly algorithm and genetic algorithm as techniques or methods in addressing the issues in antenna array, such as side lobe level reduction. The work has shown that enhanced firefly algorithm (EFA) performs better than genetic algorithm (GA) in optimizing side lobe level of antenna array without any serious effect on the beam width. The best side lobe level obtained while using enhanced firefly was (−32.5 dB) compared to the value of (−20.0 dB) obtained with genetic algorithm. It was also found that tilting beam towards the direction of end fire, genetic algorithm optimization technique can be used to reasonably reduce the level of side lobe in array antennas. It was also found from this research work that reducing the number of active elements in an antenna array by way of turning OFF some elements can be used to improve performance of the array.
Citrus: An Overview of Food Uses and Health Benefits
Authors: Riaz Sakhawat , Ahmad Arslan , Farooq Rimsha , Hussain Nasir , Riaz Tariq , Hussain Khadim , Mazahir Muhammad
Published: November 2022

Citrus species is a category of fruit that contains a variety of bioactive components throughout the plant. Citrus fruits (and items made from them) are among the most widely eaten fruits in the world, and their supply continues to increase. Oranges, pomelos, limes, tangelos, mandarins, lemons, kumquats, grapefruits, and other Citrus fruits are among them. They are frequently employed in the culinary, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical sectors due to their fragrance and taste. Vitamin C, pectin, limonene, phenolics, iso-limonene, flavanones, and nonanal are the main bioactive components present, and they provide a variety of health advantages. Pharmacological studies have shown that the fruit has numerous nutraceutical benefits, including a strong antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-hypertensive, anticancerous, antibacterial, antifungal, antimicrobial, antihyperglycemic, and cardioprotective. It should also be highlighted that all Citrus fruits are an excellent source of minerals, which are required to maintain water and electrolyte balance. Citrus fruit-eating has been linked to a range of health advantages in recent research. This chapter presents an overview of the nutritional aspects of Citrus as well as its health benefits, which will be detailed.
Pollutants of Emerging Concern in Urban Wastewater Impacted Aquatic Environments and Management Recommendations
Authors: Siziba Nqobizitha , Tapiwa Sero Emmanuel
Published: November 2022

Contamination of aquatic environments by pollutants of emerging concern (PEC) creates new public health and environmental threats. Over the years, Africa has struggled to adequately treat wastewater before discharged into the environment. The situation is expected to be worsened by the more challenging to treat PEC like pharmaceuticals, endocrine disrupters, microplastics, surfactants, cyanotoxins, radioactive and flame retardants. Generally, the pollution of aquatic environments will have serious negative impacts on organisms that depend on the affected sources. Elsewhere, a number of research studies have reported the occurrence of these pollutants and in some cases exceeding the recommended levels. However, in Africa and other developing countries, a few studies have focused on PEC in aquatic resources. In this review, discussions are centered on the: (i) occurrence of PEC in African aquatic environments, (ii) potential risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health, and (iii) current chemical and biological monitoring techniques. There is need to include PEC in the research studies and routine environmental monitoring programmes particularly before the urban wastewater is discharged into the environment. Passive biomonitoring through using biomarkers like oxidative stress proteins and gonadal histopathology may be more informative and cheaper way of monitoring PEC than chemical analysis.
Perspective Chapter: COVID-19 behind Ground Glasses
Authors: Ertürk Bahadır , Kemal Ertürk Zamir
Published: November 2022

A hazy increase in opacity in the lung parenchyma without obscuring the underlying bronchovascular structures on chest CT is called a ground-glass pattern. Ground-glass opacities occur as a result of a wide variety of interstitial and alveolar diseases. It does not represent a specific finding. Coronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses that can also infect many animal species. They also cause mild or severe respiratory infections in humans. The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has suddenly turned into the most important health problem of our day. Chest CT is frequently used due to the limited use of chest radiographs in COVID-19 disease. Thus, the ground glass pattern, which is the most common finding of this virus in CT, entered our lives intensively. In this article, we examined the concept of ground glass, its causes, and differential diagnosis.
Utilization of a Fertile Chip in Cases of Male Infertility
Authors: Aydin Sirin , Eflatun Deniz Mehmet
Published: November 2022

Infertility is a significant reproductive health issue affecting 10–15% of couples of reproductive age worldwide. The male component adds 30–50% to IVF failure. In the examination of male infertility, sperm count, morphology, motility, and genomic integrity of sperm are crucial factors. Several strategies for generating morphologically and genetically superior sperms for use in IUI and IVF procedures or experimental research have been developed. Density gradient and swim-up approaches are two of the most commonly used applications. As this procedure needs centrifugation, it has been observed that it may have a negative impact on sperm viability, increase oxygen radicals, and result in sperm DNA fragmentation. Inadequacies in sperm extraction procedures may have unfavorable long-term consequences in terms of fertilization success, continuation of pregnancy, and embryo health. Microfluidic sperm preparation is an alternate method for decreasing DNA fragmentation at this stage, despite the fact that it has only been established recently. However, these innovative techniques have little clinical trials. According to studies, sperm sorting chips are user-friendly, inexpensive, and do not require many manual stages.
Perspective Chapter: Effect of Gold Seed Layer Annealing on the Surface Roughness and Nanostructure Growth
Authors: Iqbal Younas , Kamarulzaki Bin Mustafa Mohd
Published: November 2022

ZnO has gain a great attention in many applications due to its wide band gap. Orientation and alignment of ZnO nanorods are the key objectives of fundamental applied research. They may be produced by both physical and chemical methods, however the chemical method has the advantages of low temperature and pressure conditions. The electronic properties of ZnO nanorods are more superior then the thin films. Most of the applications of ZnO nanorods depends on the morphology, orientation and interspacing among them. Seed layer on the substrate has a key role in the morphology of ZnO nanorods. In this chapter the, orientation, alignment and a clear mechanism of ZnO nanorods production in hydrothermal method is presented. The experimental results deduced that the ZnO nanorods are produced in the precursor solution and move down to the substrate through 001 face stab between the successive grains generated through annealing of gold seed layer, and as a result an oriented and aligned array of the nanorods are formed on the substrate.
Current Rehabilitation Therapies in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Zhao Qing , Jin Lingjing , Ma Lin , Sun Tingting , Zhou Mengdie
Published: November 2022

Rehabilitation is one of the important non-pharmacological interventions for Parkinson’s disease (PD). At the time of diagnosis, an appropriate exercise regimen can be prescribed based on the patient’s symptoms. Rehabilitative therapies should be continued throughout the disease course. This chapter summarized the standard specifications and research progression on PD from perspectives of assessment and treatment of rehabilitation. The physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech-language therapy, and neuromodulation therapy are the focus of the introduction. Accurate and comprehensive functional assessment is the premise of rehabilitation plan. Various approaches are used individually or in combined targeted at one or more dysfunction. Although there is still no consensus about the optimal approach about intensity, the frequency of treatment sessions, and complexity, rehabilitation is proved to be able to induce short-term, but clinically important benefits, particularly for gait and balance. The rehabilitative program for PD should be targeted to practicing and learning specific activities in the core areas and be tailored to the individual patients’ characteristics. In addition to improving patient’s performance, environmental modification and alleviation of caregivers are also included in rehabilitation intervention. Innovative techniques have been recently proposed: virtual reality and exergaming, motor imagery and action observation, robot-assisted physiotherapy, and nonconventional therapies.
Disordered Eating amongst Adolescents
Authors: Saeedzadeh Sardahaee Farzaneh
Published: November 2022

Eating disorder, “a persistent disturbance in eating and its related behaviors” affects both “food consumption and its absorption”, and the overall physical and mental wellbeing of affected individuals. ED is reported worldwide, across gender, ethnical, racial, and socioeconomic strata. Societal emphasis on gender based body-ideals puts extra pressure on adolescents to achieve or maintain unattainable weigh or body shapes, at the cost of them becoming unwell. ED has a complex etiology where an interplay between genetics and environment brings about the onset of symptoms as early as prepubertal years. With their fluctuating and chronic nature, ED may affect perception, emotions, cognition, and behavior. The interface between ED, overeating and obesity, as well as the recent surge in reported cases of ED during Corona pandemic, has focused much attention on eating pathology amongst adolescents. Many adolescents (particularly boys) specially in a prodromal phases of ED, do not yet meet diagnostic thresholds for ED and hence do not receive timely or appropriate professional help. In the current chapter, we aim to 1- address the issues surrounding early recognition of ED symptoms in adolescents under a general umbrella term, “Disordered Eating”, and 2- highlight the importance of societal influence on vulnerable individuals.
Impact of Different Cooling Methods on the Stability of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs)
Authors: Afifi Nahla , Al-Khayat Eiman , Hannigan Linda , Markovic Bordoski Monika , Khalaf Israa
Published: November 2022

During cryopreservation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), there are several recognized cooling methods, which include different cooling rates that might influence the stability of the PBMCs. This chapter will focus on three cooling methods trialled and will describe the different principles they are based on and the outcomes. One cooling method is based on repeatable −1°C/min cooling rate that requires only isopropyl alcohol (method A). The second cooling method is based on the cooling rate of −1° C/min solely (method B). The third cooling method is based on a user-predefined programmable controlled rate of freezing (method C). The first method was discontinued for safety reasons. A small comparative study was performed using 12 cell preparation tubes (CPT) using methods B and C. Cell Viability was measured based on the difference between pre-thaw and post-thaw viability percentages that were obtained from the flow cytometry. From our data, we conclude that although there were no significant differences in the outcomes of the comparative study of cooling methods, the use of either method B or C are the most suitable for long-term storage that will preserve the quality of the sample suitable for future research and clinical applications.
Telerehabilitation in Low- and Middle-income Countries
Authors: Sabrina Mohamad Intan , Ruslina Defi Irma
Published: November 2022

Telemedicine is the delivery of healthcare services using information and communication technologies (ICT) to its users. Mobile communications in telemedicine or Mobile health (mHealth) is the most commonly accepted mode of telemedicine in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to its affordability and user-friendly features. Telemedicine may be used to treat, prevent and monitor health conditions; as well as to promote health and educate clients. Access to medical and rehabilitation services in LMICs may be limited due to the lack of expertise, geographical locations, and sociocultural issues. Telerehabilitation (TR) may be a practical solution to circumvent these barriers in LMICs. TR providers must possess the necessary knowledge, skills, and expertise to deliver quality TR services to clients while ensuring patient safety and adhering to medical ethics and regulations. Policymakers and administrators should ensure vulnerable groups are included when making policies on healthcare services. Changes must be made to existing policies on telemedicine, in order to include all stakeholders in TR and overcome human, organizational, and technical challenges in LMICs.
Ozonation of Non-Woven Ultrathin Fibrous Biomaterials for Medical and Packaging Implementations
Authors: Alexeeva Olga , Siracusa Valentina , L. Konstantinova Marina , A. Olkhov Anatoliy , L. Iordanskii Alexey , A. Berlin Alexandr
Published: November 2022

Antibiotic resistance of pathogens is among the major concerns in various medical applications. Therefore, the search for the novel antimicrobial agents that could prevent pathogen’s resistance, while maintaining efficient treatment, is one of the most important issues for biomedicine nowadays. One of the relevant methods for the development of functional non-woven materials possessing antimicrobial properties is the use of ozone and ozonolysis products for the modification of fibrous materials. This approach has recently attracted both academic and industrial interest and has found various biomedical applications. Several methods providing antimicrobial properties to textiles using ozone or ozonolysis products were proposed, including encapsulation and/or direct introduction of ozone-generated antimicrobial agents into the fibrous polymer matrix and ozone treatment of non-woven fiber materials. For the latter, the ozonolysis products are uniformly distributed predominantly on the polymer surface but could be also formed inside the polymer bulk due to ozone diffusion through the amorphous areas or defects. It was found that ozone modification of fibrous materials could lead to increase in hydrophilicity and improvement in their functional properties (smoothness, elasticity, strength, antimicrobial activity). In this chapter, various aspects of ozone modification of non-woven fiber materials for biomedical applications are reported and discussed.
Early Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease: Utility of Animal Models
Authors: S Neha , Ahmad Mohammad , Kumari Baby , Zainul Ali MD. , Singh Dholaniya Pankaj
Published: November 2022

The effectiveness of the treatment strategies for Parkinson’s disease (PD) is highly dependent on the time of therapeutic intervention. This makes early diagnosis of PD an essential factor for its treatment; however, the complexities of the symptoms make it difficult to diagnose at an early stage. Moreover, by the time the symptoms start to appear, the disease has already been propagated in the patients. Even for the researchers, it is difficult to understand the important early diagnostic biomarkers due to the unavailability of the patients at the early stage, that is, before the manifestation of visible symptoms. The solution to this problem appears to develop animal models and monitor them from the early days to discover the diagnostic biomarkers. In this chapter, we shall discuss the use of animal models in the research intended to discover early diagnostic biomarkers for PD and why it is important to use animal models.
Natural Rubber Latex - Origin, Specification and Application
Authors: Rafał Kędzia Jacek , Maria Sitko Anna , Tadeusz Haponiuk Józef , Kucińska Lipka Justyna
Published: November 2022

The chapter contains information about the origin of natural rubber latex (NRL) (Hevea brasiliensis) and the processing of field latex, considering quality changes occurring during the preparation of raw materials for distribution. The main types of concentrated natural rubber latex are described. A specification of natural rubber latex (NRL) in terms of key parameters tested by manufacturers and customers is presented. Test methods for verifying if the material meets the requirements of ISO 2004 and internal specifications are described based on standards and commonly used techniques. The next subject touched in the chapter is prevulcanization as the processing of concentrated latex with a change of its properties. One of the main industrial applications of NRL as prevulcanized latex (PV) is the production of dipped goods like gloves or balloons. Currently, some trends and challenges relate to sustainability issues are presented (carbon footprint, FSC).
Perspective Chapter: Tissue-Electronics Interfaces
Authors: Ahmadi Seyedkhani Shahab , Mohammadpour Raheleh
Published: November 2022

Tissue-electronics interfaces provide a two-way communication between biological tissue and external electronics devices to record electrophysiological signals and stimulation of the living organs. This chapter presents an overview of significant progresses in tissue-electronics interfaces. At first, we evaluate principal properties of the living tissue microenvironment important for tissue-specific equipment design. Next, we study charge transfer mechanisms in the biological tissues, bulk electrode materials, and tissue-electronics interfaces. After that, we highlight the current developing and promising advanced biomaterials for the neural electrodes, significantly leading to the development of bionanoelectronics and bionic organs. Finally, the challenges and future outlook of the neural interfaces will be discussed.
Applications of Metamaterials and Metasurfaces
Authors: Kamal Babar , Ali Usman , Chen Jingdong , Ullah Sadiq
Published: November 2022

Metamaterials are efficiently homogenizable arrangements of artificial structural components engineered to achieve beneficial and exotic electromagnetic (EM) properties not found in natural materials. Metasurfaces are the two-dimensional analogue of metamaterials consisting of single-layer or multi-layer stacks of planar structures. Both metamaterials and metasurfaces have great potential to be used in a wide range of applications, e.g., antennas, polarization converters, radar cross section (RCS) reduction, and absorbers, to control the amplitude, phase and polarization of the reflected and transmitted EM waves. This chapter presents a brief overview of the known types and applications of metamaterials/metasurface followed by comprehensive analysis of these surfaces for antennas performance enhancement, polarization conversion, RCS reduction, and wave absorption.
Engine Lightweighting: Use of Green Materials as Reinforcement in Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: O. Akii Ibhadode Akaehomen
Published: November 2022

Lightweighting of automobiles of which the IC engine is a part has become very important due to stringent emission regulations being imposed on vehicle manufacturers, and the need to have more fuel-efficient vehicles. The use of light weight materials such as aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMCs) made up of aluminum alloy and nonmetal reinforcements such as alumina and silicon carbide is one strategy used for lightweighting. Recently, there has been active research in the use of biodegradable green materials such as agricultural wastes as reinforcements for AMMCs. In this chapter, work done on the use of biodegradable green materials as reinforcements for AMMCs is reviewed. The potential for their use as engine parts materials is analyzed. The results show that they have the potential to provide significant weight and cost savings when used as engine parts materials.
Genetic Assessment of Silver Carp Populations in River Chenab (Pakistan) as Revealed by SSR Markers
Authors: Tahseen Muhammad
Published: November 2022

Freshwater fish stocks are being exposed to increasing threats as a result of fisheries and aquaculture practices. Integrating genetic knowledge into fisheries and aquaculture management is becoming increasingly important in order to ensure the sustainability of species. So, I used SSR markers to evaluate the pattern of genetic variability in Silver Carp populations (175 samples) from five different sites of River Chenab, Pakistan. DNA was isolated and processed for analysis. There were no scoring errors related to large allele, no stuttering bands, and no null allele. The mean values of number of alleles, allelic richness, effective number of alleles, observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosites, 1-Ho/He, inbreeding coefficient, pairwise population differentiation, and the gene flow provided data indicating loss of genetic diversity of silver carp in River Chenab (Pakistan). Reasons are overhunting, pollution, inbreeding, and poor control measures.
Mindfulness in Organizations: The Concept of Mindful Leadership
Authors: Garba Konte Aboubacar
Published: November 2022

The main objective of this work is to explore the concept of mindfulness and its growing popularity within organizations with the introduction of the concept of mindful leadership in the management literature. This paper is one of the first in a pair of papers to explore the concept of mindful leadership in organizations. The first section of the paper provides a brief inquiry into the history of mindfulness, the definitions of mindfulness and the neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness meditation. In the second section, the author considers mindfulness in the organizational research before conducting discussion on the concept of mindful leadership in the third section. The paper claims that while many studies have been conducted on mindfulness in diverse research areas, mindful leadership research is still developing, and the author vows for its adoption by business leaders for positive transformation within their organizations. Putting mindfulness into perspective as an energy resource that can activate a spiral of gains, the paper calls for greater research into the concept of mindful leadership. The paper offers a starting point for researchers and organizational development professionals to consider the possibility that mindfulness can be used as an efficient tool for the benefit of business executives.
Abnormal Ophiolite (Olivine/Pyroxene Rich) Sandstone NE Iraq: An Approach to the Origin and Tectonosedimentary Evolution of Zagros Foreland Basin
Authors: Sa’ad ZA Kader Al-Mashaikie
Published: November 2022

Unusual Paleocene ophiolite sandstone rich in olivine/pyroxene identified in Zagros Thrust Belt (NZTB) in NE Iraq. NZTB is regionally extended from Iran to Alpen Belt. Kolosh sandstones are controlled by progressive thrusting during late Cretaceous-Paleocene. Zagros thrust sheets composed of ophiolites, oceanic crust, basaltic flows, and ash sequences. Kolosh sandstones reveal high percentages of fresh olivine-pyroxene grains accompanied by igneous intrusive and volcanic ultrabasic-basic fragments, which are reported for the first time in NE Iraq and along ZTB. Olivine, pyroxene, ultrabasic igneous altered, serpentine and chlorite fragments, heavy minerals (includes chrome spinal), anorthite, and labradorite all together composed about 70% of the mineralogical composition. Sanidine, anorthoclase, quartz and cristobalite, argillaceous, carbonate and chert fragments all together composed (12.25%), supported by argillaceous matrix (16.53%), which are derived from mantle and oceanic crust/ophiolite sequences from NE Iraq, emplaced during late Cretaceous with arc volcanism, which subjected to rapid submarine erosion and deposition. Intense wave action accelerated the erosion of beach rocks, and concentrate the heavy minerals insitue that slumped to deeper margins. Identified lithofacies types, grouped in four associations, slope/submarine channel, inner, outer fan, and hemipelagic/pelagic, respectively, represented progressive upward transgression from slope to basin plain systems controlled by progressive thrusting.
Perspective Chapter: Physiology and Pathology of the Cardiovascular System
Authors: Shah Amran Md. , Binte Bahar Nasiba , Akash Shopnil
Published: November 2022

The cardiovascular system (CVS) is made up of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The fundamental function of CVS is to transport substances to and from all parts of the body. The heart is the major pumping organ, pressurizing blood for circulation through the blood vessels; blood is propelled away from the heart in the arteries and returns to the heart through the veins. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an umbrella term for a number of inter-linked diseases, generally defined as coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, high blood pressure, peripheral arterial disease, rheumatic and congenital heart diseases, arrhythmia, etc. Globally, CVDs are the leading cause of deaths, and according to the estimation of the World Health Organization (WHO), about 17.9 million people died from CVDs in 2019, accounting for 32% of all global deaths. About 75% of CVD deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. This burden of CVDs can be decreased by careful risk reduction (such as lifestyle modification, smoking and alcohol cessation, weight optimization, physical exercise), and proper medical treatments, including herbal components. The prevention of CVDs can reduce the occurrence of major cardiovascular events, thereby reducing premature disability, morbidity, and mortality, while prolonging survival and quality of life.
Antibiotic Resistance of Pathogens of Cervical Lymphadenitis in Guinea Pig in Peru
Authors: Wilton Calderón-Ruiz Santos , Mescco Ronal , Valdez Edgar , Pinares Rubén
Published: November 2022

The guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) is a small animal that provides a source of protein for the feeding of rural inhabitants of Peru. The frequency of pathogens associated with cervical lymphadenitis includes mainly pyogenic bacteria’s Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp. and Corynebacterium sp. The spread of these pathogens can be controlled by applying biosecurity with thorough disinfection and rest of ponds or cages. In this context, antibiotic resistance is a growing problem in veterinary and human medicine, disfavoring antibiotic therapeutic efficacy that can nullify the curative action during treatment. We describe the main bacteria isolated from cervical lymphadenitis can be very sensitive to bacitracin, polymyxin, vancomycin and gentamicin. Which will allow the proper use of antibiotics in guinea pigs, as well as an efficient control focused in One World One Health. Antimicrobial resistance against lymphadenitis in guinea pigs in vivo has not been well studied in the regions of Peru. Resistance to enrofloxacin, penicillin and oxytetracycline, the most widely used antibiotics by producers, is suspected without considering the specificity or the spectrum of their pharmacological action; which could represent a relevant public health problem at the regional level. For these considerations we suggest carrying out resistance tests with animals previously administered with fluoroquinolones and the new beta-lactams.
Schiff Base as Multifaceted Bioactive Core
Authors: Shivhare Ruchi , Danao Kishor , Nandurkar Deweshri , Rokde Vijayshri , Ingole Ashwini , Warokar Amol , Mahajan Ujwala
Published: November 2022

Schiff bases are the condensation products of primary amines and carbonyl compounds, which are becoming more and more significant. Schiff bases are imine or azomethine (–C=N–) functional group containing compounds that are produced through a nucleophile addition process. Excellent chelators called Schiff bases have a place in both qualitative and quantitative analysis of metals in aqueous media. Schiff bases were discovered to be auxiliary scaffolds and adaptable pharmacophore for the creation and production of numerous bioactive leads compounds, and this special quality made them accessible for a wide range of biological applications. Schiff bases exhibit significant biological properties including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticonvulsant, anti-tubercular, anticancer, antioxidant, anthelmintic antiglycation, and antidepressant activities. In situ cross-linked hydrogel systems are created using the Schiff bases, which are frequently utilized in coordination, organometallic chemistry, and tissue engineering applications. The role of Schiff bases to the design and creation of new lead with potential biological functions is highlighted in this chapter. Researchers’ interest in obtaining the most conclusive and suggestive information on the numerous Schiff bases that have been important for therapeutic purposes over the last few decades and their use in coordination complexes has been maintained by this bioactive core.
Perspective Chapter: Sustainability and Corporate Innovation
Authors: Sarajoti Pattarake , Chatjuthamard Pattanaporn , Treepongkaruna Sirimon , Papangkorn Suwongrat
Published: November 2022

Sustainable development is one of the prominent goals promoted by the United Nations (UN) and identifies innovation as one of the important elements. Therefore, sustainable development is a combination of both developmental and environmental imperatives through innovation, implying a new way of science incorporating the technology integration and social philosophy. This chapter discusses how sustainability creates business opportunities and be counted toward the future investment for the firms. It is the path leading from creative thinking and corporate innovation. Thus, the relationship between corporate innovation and sustainability plays a vital role for firms to gain competitive advantages such as gaining value creation, creating cooperation value with the stakeholders, tapping into new markets and customer segments, and creating a transformational solution. Firms can be sustainable not only by profit maximization, but also address the maximization of the interests’ stakeholders by not causing any impact on nature and environmental resources.
Duodenal Exclusion: Indications and Clinical Considerations
Authors: Baz Carolina , Masrur Mario , Jorge Juaquito
Published: November 2022

Duodenal exclusion is used in surgery for multiple reasons. It can be used to treat primary pathology, such as with peptic ulcer disease, malignancy, gastric outlet obstruction, or after trauma. It is also used in metabolic surgery to add a hypoabsorptive effect for weight loss and beneficial impact on various co-morbidities. There are additional neurohormonal implications of duodenal exclusion that vary, depending on where the intestine is divided, and how long of a common channel or absorptive limb is left in place. Impact on diseases such as diabetes is mediated via complex pathways that continue to be researched today. Duodenal exclusion exhibits indisputable benefits but is linked to well-known side effects and complications. Understanding the physiological importance of the duodenum, the implications of its exclusion, the variety of methods for reconstruction and their impact is important in caring for these patients after surgery.
Risk Management Tools to Improve the Efficiency of Lending to Retail Segments
Authors: Pomazanov Mikhail
Published: November 2022

This chapter discusses the issue of assessing the quality of risk management for a wide segment of retail lending (from consumer loans to loans for self-employed persons and SMEs). The quality of risk management is assessed using the generally recognized approach of the ROC analysis methodology and assessment of the optimal level of discrimination, taking into account risk-return. The chapter substantiates a marginal formula for assessing the economic benefits of improving the discriminatory power of the scoring models on which risk management is based. Based on the presented approach, it is possible to economically justify the costs of investment resources aimed at improving models and their technical implementation in credit business processes. An assessment of the quality of risk management in the mass lending segment reveals problems in lending strategies caused by the inefficiency of return in relation to risk in individual segments. This provides evidence-based grounds for adjusting strategies. The review of perspective modern directions of development and improvement of scoring models is presented.
Combinatorial Oligonucleotide FISH (COMBO-FISH): Computer Designed Probe Sets for Microscopy Research of Chromatin in Cell Nuclei
Authors: Hausmann Michael , Schmitt Eberhard
Published: November 2022

Genome sequence databases of many species have been completed so that it is possible to apply an established technique of FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization) called COMBO-FISH (COMBinatorial Oligonucleotide FISH). It makes use of bioinformatic sequence database search for probe design. Oligonucleotides of typical lengths of 15–30 nucleotides are selected in such a way that they only co-localize at the given genome target. Typical probe sets of 20–40 stretches label about 50–250 kb specifically. The probes are either solely composed of purines or pyrimidines, respectively, for Hoogsteen-type binding, or of purines and pyrimidines together for Watson-Crick type binding. We present probe sets for tumor cell analysis. With an improved sequence database analysis and sequence search according to uniqueness, a novel family of probes repetitively binding to characteristic genome features like SINEs (Short Interspersed Nuclear Elements, e.g., ALU elements), LINEs (Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements, e.g., L1), or centromeres has been developed. All types of probes can be synthesized commercially as DNA or PNA probes, labelled by dye molecules, and specifically attached to the targets for microscopy research. With appropriate dyes labelled, cell nuclei can be subjected to super-resolution localization microscopy.
Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of Ginger
Authors: Shareef Saja
Published: November 2022

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), a member of the Zingiberaceae family, is a medicinal herb utilized for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities. Ginger’s influence on health was discovered due to its high phytochemical content, which includes compounds that eliminate free radicals created by biological systems. Gingerol, shogaol, and other related ginger chemicals limit the body’s production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. They can also suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, TNF-, NF-B, and IL-8. According to our knowledge, NF-B activation is associated with a number of inflammatory disorders, including cancer, kidney injury, and Alzheimer’s disease.
Perspective Chapter: The Case of Trinity University – An Examination of Vulnerable Students’ Academic Performance in Gateway Courses and Possible Solutions
Authors: R. Hermann John
Published: November 2022

The study examines the factors that contribute to deficient grade rates and potential solutions to mitigate the issue at Trinity University. Using 9070 students’ grades in STEM-related gateway courses between the fall 2015 and spring 2020 academic semesters, the findings indicate that first-generation, underrepresented, and PELL eligible students struggle the most. Taking multiple gateway classes in the same semester increases student deficient grade rates as opposed to taking one. The creation of a Quantitative Reasoning Skills Center holds promise in helping students academically succeed and decreasing deficient grade rates in gateway courses, including those who are most vulnerable.
Modified (2′,5′)Oligonucleotides: The Influence of Structural and Steriochemical Factors on Biological and Immunotropic Activity
Authors: Kalinichenko Elena
Published: November 2022

The synthesis of a large number of analogs of natural 2-5A and the results of studies to clarify the relationship between the structure and spatial organization (stereochemistry) and the biological properties of analogs 2-5A have convincingly demonstrated that by changing the structure and/or stereochemistry of molecules, it is possible to achieve either strengthening of known properties or giving new ones. The replacement of the adenosine fragment with 1-deazaadenosine (c1A) or 3-deazaadenosine (c3A) at various positions of the 2-5A chain demonstrated the role of each of the nitrogen atoms of the adenine heterocycle in the processes of binding and activation of RNase L. The use of conformationally rigid fluorodeoxyadenylates in enzymatic reactions made it possible to differentiate the role of structural and stereochemical factors and demonstrate the influence of molecules’ stereochemistry on their biological properties. Oligomers with ribo-[(2′,5′)A2ARA] and lixo-[(2′,5′)A2ALA] conformation in the (A3) terminal fragment showed activity against diseases associated with disorders of T-cell immunity, autoimmune diseases, viral infections, lymphocytic malignant transformations, prevention of transplant rejection after bone marrow transplantation and, possibly, in the treatment of complications associated with the reaction of the transplanted tissue and the recipient’s tissue.
The Environmental Kuznets Curve: Empirical Evidence from OECD Countries
Authors: Matei Iuliana
Published: November 2022

The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis reflects the relationship between environmental quality and GDP per capita. The environmental quality decreases in early periods of GDP growth per capita until a certain point, and after that, it begins to increase. This paper investigates the presence of the EKC curve in OECD countries over the period 1997–2015 and identifies thresholds levels of GDP per capita leading to lower emissions per capita for these countries. Also, it points out the key role of energy from renewable sources. Based on nonlinear panel data methods, findings show that CO2 emissions increase up to a certain level of income (10774$–44494$ per head) and then, they decrease. Policymakers are encouraged to consider economy, technology, and environment all together and handle the legal regulations they will implement, accordingly.
Diverse Effects of Hypothalamic Proline-Rich Peptide (PRP-1) on Cell Death in Neurodegenerative and Cancer Diseases
Authors: Abrahamyan Silva , Galoian Karina
Published: November 2022

The proline-rich peptide (PRP-1) isolated from neurosecretory granules of the bovine neurohypophysis, produced by N.supraopticus and N.paraventricularis, has many potentially beneficial biological effects. PRP-1 has been shown to have the opposite effects on cell death in neurodegenerative and cancer diseases. It significantly reduces staurosporine-induced apoptosis of postnatal hippocampal cells, as well as doxorubicin-induced apoptosis of bone marrow monocytes and granulocytes, in both time- and dose-dependent manner. PRP-1 also exerts the opposite effect on the proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells obtained from normal humans and on the stromal cells isolated from human giant-cell tumor. PRP-1 cytostatically inhibits chondrosarcoma bulk tumor but exerts drastic cytotoxic effect on sarcomas cancer stem cells. The same peptide caused cell death through apoptosis in rats with Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma model.
Addressing Pain Points: Thinking outside the Telehealth Box
Authors: Perimal-Lewis Lua , A.H. Williams Patricia , Mudd Ginger , Gunasekara Gihan
Published: November 2022

In this chapter, we present the synthesis of six pain points relating to Australia’s hospital congestion which is under crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic forced health services to respond rapidly to maintain continuity of care through telehealth. Some of these strategies were anticipated to be short-term arrangements, implemented quickly, and haphazardly deployed. While the health emergency accelerated the adoption of telehealth and models of remote care, this implementation was reactive. It is evident that our hospital systems continue to grapple with the issues of an aging population, expanding demand for mental health services, and escalating costs and too few resources. A shift in philosophy to address these and other recurring pain points presents opportunities to embrace virtual care beyond current implementations of telehealth.