bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytogenetic Characteristics of a Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor Arising from the Paravertebral Region
Authors: Horie Hiroshi , Etoh Takao , Maie Masahiko
Published: December 2008

The pathological and cytogenetic features of an extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) arising from the paravertebral region in an infant were investigated. The patient died 4 months after diagnosis, due to aggressive tumor progression. The tumor was composed of medium‐sized round cells with cytoplasm containing eosinophilic inclusions, which ultrastructurally were composed of densely packed whorled intermediate filaments. Flow‐cytometric analysis of the tumor cells revealed a diploid pattern. Amplification of the N‐myc oncogene was not identified. Immunohistologically, the inclusion bodies showed a positive reaction with antiserum against vimentin. The tumor cells were not reactive with antiserum against epithelial membrane antigen, anti‐keratin (polyclonal) or cytokeratin (monoclonal, CK1), but did react with 5H10, an antiserum established from human sarcomatous Wilms’tumor. This case is discussed with reference to the literature on extrarenal MRT, placing stress on the histogenesis of this tumor.
An epidemic outbreak of hepatitis E in Yangon of Myanmar: Antibody assay and animal transmission of the virus
Authors: Uchida Toshikazu , Aye Thein Thein , Ma Xuezhung , Iida Fusae , Shikata Toshio , Ichikawa Munetaka , Rikihisa Tetsuji , Win Khin Maung
Published: December 2008

An epidemic outbreak of hepatitis E occurred in an army recruit camp of Yangon, Myanmar, in October 1989. One hundred and eleven patients among 600 residents were hospitalized. As high as 83.7% of these patients were positive for the acute phase antibody against hepatitis E virus by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay developed in our laboratory. Also, 30.6% of 49 symptom‐free residents examined were positive for the antibody.

We prepared a stool extract from six patients and inoculated it into 10 rhesus monkeys for a series of three subpassages. All of them developed acute biochemical hepatitis along with an elevation of antibody levels. A rechallenge with viruses of the present outbreak failed to provoke hepatitis in two monkeys that had previously recovered from acute hepatitis caused by an isolate of sporadic hepatitis E of the same area. Similarly, the rechallenge of the sporadic strain did not induce hepatitis in two monkeys that had been previously infected with the epidemic virus. These data suggested that the subjects would obtain neutralizing antibodies against the hepatitis E virus once infected, and many adult inhabitants of the endemic area had no protective antibodies and were still susceptible to hepatitis E infection.
EBER‐1 expression in thymic carcinoma
Authors: Fujii Takeshi , Kawal Toshiro , Saito Ken , Fukushima Kanae , Hasegawa Tsuguo , Tokunaga Masayoshi , Yokoyama Takeshi
Published: December 2008

The Epstein‐Barr virus‐encoded small nuclear RNA, EBER‐1, has been shown to be a suitable target for the in situ hybridization detection of EBV in routinely processed tissue specimens. We evaluated the presence of EBV in thymic carcinoma and invasive thymoma using EBER‐1 in situ hybridization on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue sections. EBER‐1 expression was demonstrated in a case of lymphoepithelioma‐like thymic carcinoma, but was not detectable in other thymic carcinomas including six squamous cell carcinomas, a clear cell carcinoma and seven invasive thymomas. As reported in three previous cases of EBV‐associated thymic carcinoma, lymphoepithelioma‐like thymic carcinoma was shown to be closely associated with EBV in our series.
Co‐carcinogenic effect of chrysotile and amosite asbestos with benzo(a) pyrene in the lung of hamsters
Authors: Kimizuka Goro , Azuma Minako , Ishibashi Masahiko , Shinozaki Katumi , Hayashi Yutaka
Published: December 2008

To clarify co‐carcinogenic effects of chrysotile (Chry) and amosite (Amo) asbestos with benzo(a)pyrene (Bap), 0.2 mg UICC (International Union against Cancer) standard reference sample of asbestos and 0.4 mg Bap were applied intratracheally once a week for 6 weeks. Eighteen and 24 months after the last instillation the number of tumors was examined.

The Chry + Bap group yielded 37 tumors including 16 carcinomas in 12 animals, and the Amo + Bap group yielded 30 tumors including 11 carcinomas in 12 animals. Tumor‐bearing animals were 100% in the Chry + Bap group and 92% in the Amo + Bap group, and carcinoma‐bearing animals were 83% and 67%, respectively. The animals injected with Chry, Amo, and Bap alone developed no tumors. The number of tumors and carcinomas and the frequency of the tumor‐ or carcinoma‐bearing animals in Chry + Bap and Amo + Bap were significantly higher than those of the groups injected independently. The number of tumors or the frequency of tumor‐bearing animals in Chry + Bap than in Amo + Bap; however, these differences were not significant. These results indicate that both Chry and Amo play an important role in the genesis of bronchogenic carcinoma.
Hypoxic effects on glutamate uptake in cultured glial cells
Authors: Ohashi Michiaki , Amano Shigeru , Hazama Fumitada , Handa Joji
Published: December 2008

Hypoxic effects on glutamate uptake and ATP content in glial cells were investigated by using cultured C6 glioma cells. Mild regressive changes were found depending on the duration of the hypoxic insult, but necrosis or detachment of the cells from the substratum was rarely observed. Glutamate uptake was relatively well preserved after a short hypoxic insult, while a marked decrease in glutamate uptake was observed after hypoxia of long duration. The uptake of sucrose was reduced in a similar pattern to glutamate uptake. Hypoxic insult resulted in a significant reduction of the ATP content in glial cells. Therefore, the decrease in glutamate uptake by glial cells under hypoxia is likely to be due to ATP dependency, and not to the failure of a specific glutamate uptake system, but the failure of a general uptake of the glial cells owing to the energy‐dependent membrane dysfunction by ATP depletion. These findings suggest that there are phased changes of astrocytic functions in a hypoxic condition, a preservative phase in the initial stages and then a dysfunctional phase in the later stages of hypoxia.
Comparison of immunoreactivity between two different monoclonal antibodies recognizing peptide and polysialic acid chain epitopes on the neural cell adhesion molecule in normal tissues and lung tumors.
Authors: Tome Yoshiya , Hirohashi Setsuo , Noguchi Masayuki , Matsuno Yoshihiro , Shimosato Yukio
Published: December 2008

A comparative immunohistochemical study of two different monoctonal antibodies against different epitopes on the neural cell adhesion molecule (N‐CAM) was performed. Various normal tissues and lung tumors were examined for reactivity with NCC‐LU‐243, a monoclonal antibody which recognizes a peptide epitope on N‐CAM, and monoclonal antibody 735 (MoAb 735), which reacts with a polysialic acid chain epitope on N‐CAM. When acetone‐fixed normal tissues were used, the immunoreactivities of MoAb 735 and NCC‐LU‐243 were not identical. In lung tumors, almost all small cell cancers (SCLC) and carcinoid tumors, and some non‐SCLC were stained by both monoclonal antibodies. NCC‐LU‐243 stained the cell membrane only of almost all SCLC cells and clusters of non‐SCLC cells. MoAb 735 stained the cell membrane of SCLC in a patchy manner and not only the cell membrane but also the cytoplasm of some non‐SCLC. However cytoplasmic staining was evaluated as ‘not positive’. The number of positive cases and the size of the positive tumor cell population determined by cell membrane staining with MoAb 735 were smaller than those determined with NCC‐LU‐243 in both SCLC and non‐SCLC cases. In routinely formalin‐fixed materials, the immunoreactivity of both monoclonal antibodies, especially of NCC‐LU‐243, decreased after prolonged fixation as in surgically resected and autopsy materials. However, both monoclonal antibodies were found to be useful when materials were fixed for a short period of time as in biopsy specimens.
Organ distribution of mutant mitochondrial tRNAleu(UUR) gene in a MELAS patient
Authors: Hamazaki Shuji , Koshiba Masahiro , Sugiyama Taketoshi
Published: December 2008

Point mutations in the mitochondrial tRNAleu(UUR) gene have been recently reported in patients with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke‐like episodes (MELAS). To investigate the relationship between the degree of heteroplasmy and the organ damage, the ratio of mutant and wildtype genes was quantitated in 14 different organs obtained at an autopsy case of MELAS. The percentages of mitochondrial tRNAleu(UUR) gene carrying an A to G transition mutation at nucleotide 3243 were determined by the restriction enzyme digestion of polymerase chain reaction products. The organs largely depending on oxidative phosphorylation for the sources of energy contained higher propertions of the mutant tRNAleu(UUR) gene than organs with a lower oxygen demand. However, the percentage of the mutant genes was similar in both symptomatic and asymptomatic organs with a higher oxygen demand.
Alveolar soft part sarcoma of the uterine cervix
Authors: Morimitsu Yosuke , Tanaka Hiroshi , Iwanaga Shigeaki , Kojiro Masamichi
Published: December 2008

A rare case of an alveolar soft part sarcoma of the uterine cervix in an 8 year old girl is presented. The patient was admitted because of genital bleeding lasting for 7 months. A polypoid tumor, 2times1.5 cm in diameter, was found in her external uterine os and was surgically resected. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of a uniform sheet of tumor cells in the cytoplasm which contained granules and which were stained with periodic acid‐Schiff, both before and after the diastase digestion. Alveolar arrangement of the tumor cells was manifested with reticulin silver impregnation. Dense, membrane bound granules were evident at an ultrastructural level in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. An immunohistochemical examination demonstrated a positive reaction for anti‐desmin, anti‐myoglobin, anti‐HHF35 and anti‐neuron specific enolase in the cytoplasm.
Carcinosarcoma of the prostate
Authors: Kubosawa Hitoshi , Matsuzaki Osamu , Kondo Yoichiro , Takao Masataka , Sato Nobuo
Published: December 2008

A unique case of carcinosarcoma of the prostate occurring in a 32 year old man is presented. This is the youngest case reported to date among nine well‐documented examples. The patient underwent a total prostatectomy under the diagnosis of prostatic sarcoma. Despite adjuvant chemotherapy and full‐dose radiotherapy being undertaken, the patients died from multiple lung metastases about 8 months after the operation. The surgically resected primary tumor was composed of two histologically distinct elements, these being an undifferentiated carcinoma and a sarcoma with various mesodermal components. These elements were intimately intermingled and transitional forms were often noticed. The sarcomatous portion contained myxoid areas, spindle cell sarcomas with nuclear palisading, areas of osteoid formation and small islands of chondromatous differentiation. The pathogenesis of this complex neoplasm is discussed, and it is suggested that vestigial embryologic Müllerian mesodermal tissue may be capable of diverse differentiation.
Morphometric analysis of gastric adenoma and well‐diferentiated adenocarcinoma as a basis for microscopic discrimination
Authors: Sano Tomoaki , Kondo Yoichiro , Isono Kaichi
Published: December 2008

Morphometric analyses were performed on 11 cases of welldifferentiated gastric adenocarcinoma and six cases of gastric adenoma. The values for the mean nuclear area (AN), the index for roundness of the nucleus (Fx), and the nucleus/cytoplasm ratio (N/C) were larger in the carcinoma group than in the adenoma group (P < 0.01; t‐test). The value of nuclear numerical density (NA) was larger in the adenoma group than in the carcinoma group (P < 0.01; t‐test). There was an overlap between the N/C ratio in the carcinoma and adenoma groups. It was concluded that roundness and enlargement of the nucleus, and a low nuclear density are important prerequisites for distinguishing the common type of adenocarcinomas from adenomas. An additional mor‐phometric analysis was performed on seven cases of mucosal carcinoma. A three‐dimensional discriminant analysis using AN, Fx and NA revealed that of these seven cases, three were consistent with the carcinoma group while one case was consistent with the adenoma group. The remaining three cases were judged as borderline.
Adenoendocrine cell carcinoma of the gallbladder: A histochemical and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Ohmori Takaaki , Furuya Keizo , Okada Kazuyo , Tabei Ryo , Tao Shigeru
Published: December 2008

A case of adenoendocrine cell carcinoma of the gallbladder with adenomucous cells and neuroendocrine cells is report‐ ed. A histochemical and immunohistochemical study revealed that the primary tumor in the gallbladder was composed of mucus‐secreting and/or argyrophil cells. Furthermore, the tumor showed a positive reaction to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in all tumor cells, to chromogranin A and cytokeratin in many tumor cells, to endocrine granule constituent (EGC) in some tumor cells, and to serotonin and somatostatin in a few tumor cells. In addition, a few mucous cells showed argyrophilia and EGC‐positivity in their cytoplasms. This case suggests that the adenoendocrine cell tumor is derived from endodermal stem cells as a result of bidirectional (exocrine and endocrine) differentiation.
Intra‐abdominal desmoplastic small cell tumor in an adolescent suggesting a neurogenic origin
Authors: Asano Takeshi , Fukuda Yuh , Fukunaga Yoshiaka , Yamanoto Masao , Yokoyama Munenori , Yamanaka Nobuaki
Published: December 2008

A case of a desmoplastic small cell tumor of the large omentum associated with gross ascites that occurred in a male adolescent is reported. Light microscopic studies revealed that the tumor cells were small and epithelioid in nature with eosinophilic hyaline material located in the perinuclear area. They were surrounded by rich desmoplastic and myxoidal stromal bands. Immunohistochemical staining revealed globoid perinuclear positivity for desmin. Vimentin, cytokeratin (AE3, CaM 5.2), epithelial membrane antigen, tissue polypeptide antigen, neuron‐specific enolase, chromogranin A, endocrine granule constituent and synaptophysin were also positive in the cytoplasm. Electron microscopy revealed whorled intermediate filaments and some dense core granules in the cytoplasm. Bundles of microtubules in the cytoplasmic process and occasional cell junctions of zonulae adherentes in the tumor cells were also observed. DNA analysis of the tumor cells showed the three‐fold amplification of the N‐myc gene. Although desmoplastic small cell tumors showed a heterogeneous pattern with immunohistochemical studies, it is suggested that the tumor may originate from neurogenic cells.
The pathogenesis of biliary atresia in Japan: Immunohistochemical study of HBV‐associated antigen
Authors: Tanaka Mitsugu , Ishikawa Tomohisa , Sakaguchi Masami
Published: December 2008

An immunohistochemical study of HBV‐associated antigen in the liver of 16 Japanese infants with biliary atresia revealed positive findings in 13 of the cases for HBc and/or HBs antigens. The positive cells were mainly small liver cells distributed in the peripheral zone of the lobule, and a few lymphocytes were observed in contact with or around the positive liver cells for HBV‐associated antigen. Again, HBc antigen was demonstrated almost exclusively in the cytoplasm of positive liver cells. As these findings suggest the possibility of destruction and drop‐out of cells constituting the interlobular bile duct in the junctional area by an immunological mechanism, the probability of HBV infection being an important factor in causing and accelerating biliary atresia cannot be denied.

Positive findings for HBV‐associated antigen similar to those found in biliary atresia are also seen in neonatal hepatitis and choledochal cysts. These conditions are therefore presumed to belong to the same category.
Cyclosporin A induces glomerular endothelial cell injury in vitro
Authors: Nitta Kosaku , Uchida Keiko , Tsutsui Takaaki , Horita Shigeru , Hayashi Tetsuo , Ozu Hiroyuki , Kawashima Akira , Yumura Wako , Nihei Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

The chronic administration of cyclosporin A (CyA) could be associated with renal arteriolar damage. Endothelial cell injury is considered to be the first event in this pathological change. Bovine glomerular endothelial cells (GEN) were used to investigate whether CyA induces microvascular injury in vitro. The damage induced by CyA was demonstrated by cell detachment from the culture plate and cell lysis as characterized by the increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) at the same time after CyA treatment. One μol/L of CyA induced detachment of GEN within 3 h and lysis after 6 h. Cyclosporin A‐induced GEN lysis appeared in a dose and time‐dependent manner. These results indicate that GEN are vulnerable to CyA exposure, suggesting that GEN damage might be related to CyA‐mediated glomerular injury.
Immunohistochemical study of thymic B cell in myasthenia gravis and ulcerative colitis
Authors: Yokono Hideki , Hibi Toshifumi , Fujisawa Toshiko , Suzuki Tatsuo , Ohbu Makoto , Muraoka Matsuo , Tsuchiya Masuharu , Hata Jun‐ichi
Published: December 2008

The phenotypes of B cells and dendritic cells in human thymus were examined immunohistochemically using various monocional antibodies. Normal thymus contained a few B lymphocytes recognized by CD19, CD20, CD22, L26 and LN‐2, which were localized in the medulla. These B cells were negative for LN‐1, L30 and CD11c (Leu M5). Activated B cells recognized by CD23 (B6) and L29 antibodies were not present in normal thymus. Dendritic cells stained by CD11c were weakly positive for L26 and CD20. There was no difference in the distribution of dendritic cells between normal thymus and thymus from the patients. In the thymus from patients with myasthenia gravis, numerous B cells were demonstrated in the medullary area and lymphoid follicles. Activated B cells were seen mainly in the germinal center of lymphoid follicles and were scarce in the medulla. Many B cells were also found in the medulla and lymphoid follicles of the thymus from patients with ulcerative colitis. However most of those B cells were not activated, even in the lymphoid follicles. These results suggest that thymic B cells may contribute to the induction of immune abnormalities in patients with myasthenia gravis and those with ulcerative colitis, however, the mechanisms by which thymic B cells participate in the pathogenesis of these two diseases would be different.
Phenotypic analysis of peripheral T cell lymphoma among the Japanese
Authors: Nakamura Shigeo , Koshikawa Takashi , Koike Koichi , Kitoh Kuniyoshi , Suzuki Hisamitsu , Oyama Atsushi , Motoori Tadashi , Kojima Masaru , Ogura Michinori , Kurita Soji , Ueda Ryuzo , Tajima Kazuo , Takahashi Toshitada , Suchi Taizan
Published: December 2008

From 1980 to 1990, 174 peripheral T cell lymphomas were studied morphologically and immunophenotypically with a panel of monoclonal antibodies which were reactive with T cell differentiation antigens in cryostat sections and/or cell suspensions. Histologically, 57% of the lymphomas were categorized into low‐grade tumors according to the updated Kiel classification, while 41% were high‐grade tumors. By immunologic studies, 50% of the lymphomas were of helper/inducer (CD4) phenotype, 6% were of cytotoxic/suppressor (CD8) phenotype, 3% expressed both CD4 and CD8, 3% lacked both CD4 and CD8, and 36% were phenotypically undetermined because of an admixture of a fairly even number of CD4 and CD8‐positive cells. The phenotypically undetermined cases were more frequently noted in the low‐grade groups than in the high‐grade group, and the latter often showed a loss of pan‐T antigens, although there was no definite correlation between the histologic category and the immunophenotype. CD25, which is strongly manifested in anti‐HTLV‐1 antibody‐positive cases, was negative or only weakly expressed in anti‐HTLV‐1 antibody‐negative cases. Anaplastic large cell lymphomas (LC‐Ana) strongly expressed CD30, which was also detectable in only large blast‐like cells in the low‐grade tumors. Seventy‐one per cent of the lymphomas expressed la antigens. In this series, the clinical data were available on 154 patients. For individual markers, the expression of CD30 and HLA‐DR were associated with a longer actuarial survival (P< 0.01 and P < 0.05 by the generalized Wilcoxon test). The absence of CD25 or the presence of CD3 on tumor cells correlated with a relatively favorable prognosis, but not significantly. The detection of CD4 and CD8 had relatively little prognostic value. In the cases excluding LC‐Ana, a significant difference was also recognized between the groups with and without CD25, CD30 and HLA‐DR (P < 0.05 by the generalized Wilcoxon test). These results suggest that the immunophenotypic analysis of peripheral T cell lymphoma provided its use as an adjunct to a histopathologic diagnosis and was related to prognostic prediction.
Morphological alterations of glomerulus induced by infusion of cationized ferritin
Authors: Kubosawa Hitoshi , Nakayama Hajime , Sano Tomoaki , Kondo Yoichiro
Published: December 2008

Morphological alterations of the glomerulus were induced by infusion of cationized ferritin. After a direct injection of highly cationized ferritin (CF) into the left kidney of rats, endothelial injuries were followed by activation of platelets and the coagulation system after 1‐2h, which occluded capillary loops. In most glomeruli, resolving processes occurred from 2 h onward, leaving a mild thickening of the mesangial region at 7 days. On the other hand, in severely involved glomeruli, capillary loops were still obstructed even at 24 h by hypertrophic and proliferated endothelial cells as well as mesangial cells, instead of platelets and fibrin strands. After this period, exfoliation of podocytes and endothelial cells occurred over a wide area, which resulted in glomerular obsolescence at 7 days. These progressive glomerular injuries were assumed to be closely related to the persistence of CF in glomeruli, which might be caused by disturbances of glomerular clearing systems. Mild proteinuria was only noticed in severely involved cases. It is concluded that an assault on glomerular endothelial cells by cationic macromolecules can cause thrombotic complications leading to glomerular obsolescence.
Porcine vascular smooth muscle cells immortalized with SV40 ori‐defective DNA: Characteristics of cell growth and collagen synthesis
Authors: Fujimitsu Kazuhiro , Sakata Noriyuki , Jimi Shiro , Takebayashi Shigeo , Sasaguri Yasuyuki , Morimatsu Minoru
Published: December 2008

A cell line derived from medial smooth muscle cells (SMC) was established from the porcine coronary artery by transfection with ori‐defective simian virus 40 plasmid DNA (SV40 DNA). The characteristics of transfected cells (SV40‐SMC) such as cell growth, collagen and non‐collagen syntheses were investigated. SV40‐SMC expressed SV40 large T antigen, c‐myc and c‐myb encoded proteins in the nuclei. SV40‐SMC demonstrated a ‘hills and valleys’ ‐like arrangement in overconfluence and actin filaments upon immunofluorescent staining. Under electron microscopic observation, SV4O‐SMC had larger amounts of synthetic organelles and smaller amounts of filament bundles than those of SMC. SV40‐SMC demonstrated three times higher growth activity and 4.4 times greater cellular density than SMC. Smooth muscle cells did not grow in media containing 5% plasma derived serum (PDS) instead of normal serum, whereas SV40‐SMC proliferated in this medium. SV40‐SMC did not grow in soft agar gel, while HeLa S3 cells, a cell line of human cervical carcinoma, formed colonies in this gel. By immunofluorescent (IF) staining, collagen phenotypes I, Ill, IV and V were detected in both SV4O‐SMC and SMC. However protein synthesis including collagen and non‐collagen was higher in SV40‐SMC than in the control sample. It was concluded that SV40‐SMC were a continuous cell line for vascular SMC regarding morphological characteristics, and demonstrated a higher growth activity, with increased collagen and noncollagen syntheses. This cell line is useful for the investigation of atherogenesis in relation to a proliferation of SMC and an accumulation of extracellular matrices in vascular Intima.
Markers of surface mucous cell type human gastric cancer cells: Galactose oxidase‐Schiff reactive mucins, monoclonal antibody SH‐9 reactive mucins and cathepsin E
Authors: Tatematsu Masae , Iwata Hitoshi , Ichinose Masao , Kakei Nobuyuki , Tsukada Shinko , Miki Kazumasa , Imal Shunsuke , Imaida Katsumi
Published: December 2008

Cellular differentiation of gastric cancer cells allows the classification of cell type into surface mucous cell, pyloric gland cell, intestinal absorptive cell and goblet cell types by mucin histochemistry and pepsinogen (Pg) immunohistochemistry. Surface mucous cell differentiation of gastric cancers of each histologic type has previously been detected by the galactose oxidase‐Schiff (GOS) reaction although this is not always positive in all cases. Mucus granules of surface mucous cells of normal gastric mucosa show an intense reactivity for SH‐9 (monoclonal antibody against CA125‐bearing antigenic molecule fragments). Cathepsin E is also expressed in the cytoplasm of surface mucous cells, weakly in absorptive cells of duodenal villi and occasionally in pyloric gland cells. Expression of SH‐9 reactive mucin and of cathepsin E were therefore investigated as possible additional markers to distinguish between the gastric cancer cell type in 203 primary stomach cancers. SH‐9 reactive mucin was found selectively in GOS positive cancer cells of surface mucous cell type and/or cancer cells unclassified by mocin histochemistry. These latter cells were therefore classified into the surface mucous cell category. Cathepsin E was found mainly in cancer cells of the GOS positive surface mucous cell type and occasionally, in intestinal absorptive and pyloric gland cell types. Galactose oxidase‐Schiff, SH‐9 and cathepsin E reactive or positive cancer cells were found in 145 (71.4%), 151 (74.4%) and 144 (70.9%), respectively, of the 203 primary stomach cancers investigated.
Sclerosing hemangioma of the lung: Pathological study and enzyme immunoassay for estrogen and progesterone receptors
Authors: Aihara Toshikazu , Nakajima Takashi
Published: December 2008

Sclerosing hemangioma of the lung is a rare benign neoplasm of uncertain histogenesis. In this study, thirteen cases of sclerosing hemangiomas were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for various histochemical markers including surfactant apoprotein. The pale cells were shown to share several lmmunohistochemical markers with epithelial lining cells and were suggested to be immature cells differentiating toward epithelial lining cells. Electron microscopic study failed to characterize the exact nature of pale cells, but it disclosed the precise structure of large lamellar bodies, which are frequently present in the cystic spaces of sclerosing hemangioma. These large lamellar bodies had common morphological characteristics to lamellar inclusion bodies of type II pneumocytes or epithelial lining cells. Eight cases of sclerosing hemangioma obtained freshly at surgery had a quantitative analysis of estrogen and progesterone receptors performed by enzyme immunoassay. The value of estrogen receptors ranged from 0 to 7.8fmol/mg protein. In addition to this quantitative analysis, the immunohistochemical study demonstrated estrogen receptors mainly in the pale cell nuclei of several sclerosing hemangiomas. Estrogen receptors may play an important role in growth, differentiation and surfactant production in the sclerosing hemangloma.
A case of severe IgA nephropthy assocaited with psoriatic arthritis an idopathic interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Hiki Yoshiyuki , Kokubo Tohru , Horii Akira , Yokouchi Satoko , Satoh Masaki , Kuwao Sadahito , Shigematsu Hidekazu , Kobayashi Yutaka
Published: December 2008

A patient is described with severe IgA nephropathy associated with psoriatic arthritis, idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and brain hemorrhage that developed serially over one and a half years. The histological findings of the renal biopsy showed severe endo‐and extracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis. Massive IgA deposits were observed by immunoflurorescence not only in the mesangium but also along the capillary walls. Electron microscopy revealed abundant electron‐dense deposits in the mesangial and subendothelial areas. The overlapping or coexistence of these conditions has rarely been reported.
Spindle cell hemagioendothelioma: A report of two cases
Authors: Murakami Ichiro , Sarker Ashit Baran , Teramoto Norihiro , Horie Yasushi , Taguchi Kohji , Akagi Taddastu
Published: December 2008

Two cases of spindle cell hemangioendothelioma (SCH) are reported. One of the patients was a 16 year old Japanese female, who had been suffering from Ollier's disease (multiple enchondrornatosis) since 3 years of age and had developed multiple SCH in the right leg at the age of 11 years. Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma lesions coincided with the site of enchondromatosis and increased in number thereafter. This is the first report of Ollier's disease complicated with multiple SCH. Another patient, a 33 year old Japanese female, who was a carrier of hepatitis B virus (HBV), developed solitary SCH in the lateral aspect of the right ankle where a lipoma was extirpated 10 years previously. Tumor cells of both cases were composed of four cell types: (i) spindle cells; (ii) epithelioid cells; (iii) vacuolated endothelial cells; and (iv) usual endothelial cells. Endothelia in the cavernous area and vacuolated cells reacted to Ulex europaeus agglutin 1 (UEA‐I), factor VIII‐related antigen and vimentin. Spindle cells and epithelioid cells reacted only to vimentin.
Three‐dimensional structural changes of hepatic sinusoids in cirrhosis providing an increase in vascular resistance of portal hypertension
Authors: Shimizu Hideo , Yokoyama Takeshi
Published: December 2008

A quantitative topological analysis of the three‐dimensional sinusoidal structure of five normal human livers and ten cirrhotic livers was performed with the aid of a computer system for reconstruction from serial tissue sections. The mean cycle rank (number of independent cycles) of the sinusoidal network in the examined tissue, 200 × 200 × 80 μm3 in size, was 181.2 ± 23.9 in the normal liver and 84.9 ± 19.1 in the cirrhotic liver. There was a statistically significant difference between the two values (P < 0.001), while there was no significant difference in the sinusoidal volume of the same size tissue between the normal liver and cirrhotic liver. It was found therefore that the sinusoidal network of the cirrhotic liver was more sparsely and coarsely connected in three‐dimensional space than that of the normal liver. In addition, there was no significant difference in the mean sinusoidal radius or in the distribution of 1/(radius)4 values between the normal liver and the cirrhotic liver. Resistance changes of the lattice sinusoidal model, where resistance of each sinusoidal branch is proportional only to its length, were then studied. In the lattice model analysis, the resistance between the two endpoints becomes larger as the cycle rank of the network model decreases. This fact suggests that in portal hypertension of cirrhosis the three‐dimensional structural change of sinusoids, that is, decrease in the cycle rank, plays a role of increased vascular resistance within regenerative nodules.
A role of VLA‐6 laminin receptor in invasion of breast carcinoma
Authors: Arihiro Koji , Inai Kouki , Kurihara Kanji , Takeda Shinpei , Khatun Nasima , Kuroi Katsumasa , Toge Tetsuya
Published: December 2008

The integrin VLA‐6 as a laminin receptor and laminin as a ligand for laminin receptor were detected immunohisto‐chemically in normal, benign tumor and carcinoma tissues of the breast. Epithelial cells of both normal breast and benign tumor were in almost all cases strongly immuno‐reactive for VLA‐6 in the plasma membrane. Carcinoma cells in 34 of 70 cases (49%) with an invasive component were not immunoreactive for VLA‐6, and no carcinoma ceils showed strong positivity. Although carcinoma cells in only four of 51 cases (8%) with intraductal components were negative for VLA‐6, 37 cases (72%) showed weak expression of VLA‐6 and 10 cases (20%) showed strong expression of VLA‐6. A concordant expression of VLA‐6 on carcinoma cells and laminin around carcinoma cell nests with an invasive component was observed, and VLA‐6 expression in carcinoma cells was correlated to tubular formation in carcinoma cell nests as an indicator of differentiation. These findings suggest that loss of VLA‐6 plays a role in the invasion of breast carcinoma, and that VLA‐6 laminin receptor and laminin may contribute to tubular differentiation of breast carcinoma cells.
Immunohistochemistry of molar and non‐molar placentas with special reference to their differential diagnosis
Authors: Fukunaga Masaharu , Miyazawa Yoshio , Sugishita Masami , Ushigome Shinichiro
Published: December 2008

An immunohistochemical study analyzing distributions of β‐subunit human chorionic gonadotropin (βHCG), human placental lactogen (HPL), placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), and monoclonal anti‐cytokeratin (PKK1) was undertaken to determine whether the reactivity of these antigens might assist in the differential diagnosis of molar and non‐molar hydropic placentas. A total of 16 complete hydatidiform moles, 15 partial hydatidiform moles, 12 hydropic abortuses and 39 non‐hydropic placentas with gestational age ranging from 4 to 40 weeks was examined. In both the complete and partial moles, many syncytiotrophoblasts stained for βHCG, HPL, PLAP and PKK1 although the staining intensity of βHCG in the partial moles was weak compared with the complete moles. The staining patterns in the hydropic abortuses were almost the same as those in the normal first trimester placentas and had no distinct features from the partial moles. Trophoblastic hyperplasia is an essential feature in differentiating partial moles from hydropic abortuses. With regard to the immunostaining patterns of these antibodies, there was no significant difference to enable delineation between partial and complete moles, or between a hydropic abortus and a partial mole. Monoclonal anti‐cytokeratin was most sensitive for trophoblasts, but less specific for intermediate trophoblasts than HPL. Although an immunohistochemical study using antibodies against βHCG, HPL, PLAP and PKK1 is very useful for characterizing various trophoblasts, it is considered that an immunohistochemical study may not be a suitable tool for the differential diagnosis of molar and non‐molar hydropic placentas.
Mucosal spreading adenocarcinoma at the hilar portion of the lung
Authors: Kawabuchi Beniyo , Ishikawa Yuichi , Tsuchiya Shigehiro , Nakagawa Ken , Machinami Rikuo , Tsuchiya Eiju
Published: December 2008

The first case of mucosal spreading adenocarcinoma at the hilum of the lung is presented. The patient was a 72 year old Japanese male smoker. The carcinoma was located at the right main bronchus with involvement of the apical, posterior and anterior segmental bronchi. The tumor consisted of stratified oval or polygonal cells and signet ring cells spreading along the bronchial mucosa in an in situ fashion with extension down the bronchial gland ducts and acini. Only a small micro‐invasive focus not extending beyond the bronchial cartilage was seen. Immunohistochemically, the tumor was positive for lysozyme but negative for lactoferrin and PE‐10 indicating that this tumor was possibly showing goblet cell differentiation.
Mutations of the p53 gene in carcinomas of the urinary system
Authors: Suzuki Yasushi , Tamura Gen
Published: December 2008

Deletion of p53, which is an anti‐oncogene located on chromosome 17p, was reported to be present at a high incidence in tumor cells of colorectal carcinoma, as well as osteosarcoma of the familial cancer syndrome. Mutations of the p53 gene were investigated in 59 surgical specimens of primary carcinomas of the urinary system from 57 patients, using the polymerase chain reaction single‐strand conformation polymorphism (PCR‐SSCP) analysis. The PCR products were sequenced using the dideoxy chain termination method or the DNA sequencer. The tumors examined were 20 transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) and 39 renal cell carcinomas (RCC). Mutations of the p53 gene were detected in 20.0% (4/20) of TCC and were present in 16.7% (1/6) of the tumors invading the muscular layer. In two patients with simultaneous double bladder TCC, the mutations were found only in the larger tumors. In RCC, mutations were detected in 7.7% (3/39) of patients. No significant correlation between the presence of the mutation and the clinicopathologic parameters was found in RCC except that the three tumors with p53 gene mutations were clear cell carcinomas. These results suggest that p53 gene mutations play a possible role in both carcinogenesis and progression of TCC, but the p53 gene mutations may not be significant in development of RCC.
Primary hepatic carcinoid tumor
Authors: Yasoshima Hitoshi , Uematsu Kunio , Sakurai Kazunari , Ueno Yuji , Hori Kazutoshi , Kanazawa Narimichi , Tanaka Tsuneo , Yamanaka Naoki , Okamoto Eizo
Published: December 2008

A case of primary carcinoid tumor arising in the liver of a 69 year old woman with no endocrine symptoms is reported. Histopathologically, the tumor was diagnosed initially as a hepatocellular carcinoma in the biopsy specimen, and was shown subsequently to be a carcinoid tumor, demonstrating diffuse positive staining with Grimelius method. Mucin stained with periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS), alcian‐blue, and mucicar‐mine, and was shown partially in the glandular structures. Immunohistochemically, most of the tumor cells stained positively for chromogranin‐A, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and neuron specific enolase (NSE). Ultrastructural examination revealed electron‐dense core granules, measuring 40‐120 nm in diameter in some of the tumor cells. Intensive and careful searches pre‐ and post‐operatively revealed no other primary source of tumor other than the liver. The patient was reported well with no symptoms 31/2 years after the operation.
Pathological analysis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy simulating dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kawashima Tetsuya , Yokota Yoshiyuki , Yokoyama Mitsuhiro , Itoh Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

The pathomorphologic features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy simulating dilated cardiomyopathy in the late stage (HCM‐DCM) were compared with those of ordinary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Seven autopsied hearts with HCM‐DCM and 11 with HCM were assessed quantitatively using an image analyzer. Unlike HCM, significant left ventricular enlargement and wall thinning were observed in HCM‐DCM, and the percentage areas of massive fibrosis and disarray were significantly greater. In HCM‐DCM, the disarray was distributed diffusely, whereas massive fibrosis was distributed more intensively in the ventricular septum and anterior wall than in the lateral and posterior wall. Narrowing of intramyocardial small arteries was observed more frequently in HCM‐DCM, especially in the ventricular septum and anterior wall, than in HCM. These results suggest that the enlargement and wall thinning of the left ventricle in HCM‐DCM are attributable to non‐uniform progression of massive fibrosis, which is closely related to small‐arterial lesions.
Protein‐losing enteropathy due to secondary amyloidosis of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Kawaguchi Makoto , Koizumi Fumitomo , Shimao Masato , Hirose Shoichiro
Published: December 2008

A case of a 71 year old woman who experienced weight loss, diarrhea and edema due to protein‐losing enteropathy caused by amyloidosis secondary to rheumatoid arthritis is described. Amyloid deposits were found in the systemic organs, specifically in the bowel. The arterioles were massively involved within the laminae propriae and many were narrowed considerably due to amyloid deposits. Ulcerative lesions, which were accompanied with the ruptured arterioles, were also found. Lymphangiectasia was present in the submucosa, subserosa and mesenterium. The mesenteric lymphatic vessels were deposited markedly with amyloid. The principal cause of the protein loss might be related to the increased capillary permeability to plasma proteins and the exudation through an inflamed mucosa. Functional disruption of the lymphatic flow in the bowel and mesenterium might also participate in the mechanisms of the protein loss. Evidence in this study supports the theory that lymphatic disorders in some patients with gastrointestinal amyloidosis are one of the important factors in the pathogenesis of protein‐losing enteropathy.
Myxoma of the breast: Report of a case with unique histological and immunohistochemical appearances
Authors: Arihiro Koji , Inai Kouki , Kurihara Kanji , Takeda Shinpei , Khatun Nasima , Kuroi Katsumasa , Kawami Hiroyuki , Toge Tetsuya
Published: December 2008

A case of myxoma of the breast is reported. The patient, a 19 year old Japanese woman, showed a lump in the left breast which had enlarged gradually over 3 years. A tumor measuring 5 × 5 × 4.5 cm was located mainly in the mammary parenchyma, but partially involved the overlying subcutaneous tissue. Histologically the tumor was multinodular and each nodule consisted of an abundant myxoid substance with a few spindle or stellate mesenchymal cells. The presence of hyaluronic acid was observed in the myxoid area, and a few constituent cells showed Immunoreactivitiesfor S‐100 protein and α1‐antichymotrypsin. Electron microscopic studies revealed that some constituent cells looked like undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, while others showed a differentiation similar to fibroblast or histiocyte. These findings suggest that the constituent cells might derive from totlpotential primitive mesenchymal cells.
Identification of basic fibroblast growth factor in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
Authors: Daa Tsutomu , Kodama Masaaki , Kashima Kenji , Yokoyama Shigeo , Nakayama Iwao , Noguchi Shiro
Published: December 2008

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was identified in the papillary carcinoma of the human thyroid. Immunohistochemically, it was found that the reactivity for bFGF was localized in the cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells of the five papillary carcinomas. However the extract of the papillary carcinomas contained the mitogenic activity for endothelial cells. This bioactive molecule was determined as bFGF by using the heparin‐Sepharose affinity chromatography and western blot analysis. The bFGF derived from human thyroid papillary carcinoma and the recombinant human bFGF stimulated the bromodeoxyuridine incorporation by the cultured human thyroid papillary carcinoma cells. These cells also showed positive staining for thyroglobulin and cytokeratin. These results indicate that bFGF, probably produced by the neoplastic cells, plays an important role in the development of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid with stimulation of angiogenesis as well as proliferation of the parenchymal cells.
Relationships between nodal status and cell kinetics, DNA ploidy pattern and histopathology of the deeply infiltrating sites in colorectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Taniyama Kiyomi , Suzuki Harumi , Matsumoto Miyuki , Hakamada Kouji , Toyama Kazushige , Tahara Eiichi
Published: December 2008

Tumor cell kinetics and DNA contents were investigated by in vitro labeling with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and flow cytometry using paraffin‐embedded specimens in both superficially (Sup) and deeply (Deep) infiltrating sites of 28 colorectal adenocarcinomas. Eleven were well differentiated and 17 were moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas. In moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, histologic low grade types of Deep were frequently associated with lymph node metastasis, but the BrdU labeling indices (LI) or tumor DNA ploidy pattern did not correlate with nodal status. Among the seven aneuploid tumors of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, the BrdU LI and histology of Deep tended to correlate with nodal status. These findings suggest that the histology of Deep should have a greater significance than tumor cell kinetics or DNA contents. They also suggest that the tumor DNA ploidy pattern may be heterogeneous and divided into subgroups according to its cell kinetics or histology of Deep in relation to lymph node metastasis.
Expression of insulin‐like growth factor II (IGF–II) in human hepatocellular carcinomas: An immunohistochemical study
Authors: D'Errico Antonia , Grigioni Walter F. , Fiorentino Michelangelo , Baccarinl Paola , Lamas Eugene , Mitri Stella De , Gozzetti Giuseppe , Mancini Antonio M. , Brechot Christian
Published: December 2008

Recent results obtained using molecular biology techniques have suggested a possible role for insulin‐like growth factor II (IGF‐II) in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To investigate this phenomenon, a monoclonal anti‐body was used against IGF‐II to study 54 patients with HCC. The presence of HBsAg was also tested both in serum and liver tissue. A positive immunoreaction was found in 9/15 (60%) of the HCC arising in cirrhotic livers of patients who had serum markers for HBV (HBV+ positive patients). These results provide further evidence that HBV might play a role in the expression of IGF‐II. In HCC of patients without any markers of HBV infection (HBV‐ negative patients), IGF–II was detected in 10/39 (25.6%) of the tumors, and in some benign neoplastic lesions. It was found not only in neoplastic cells but also in some dysplastic nodules. The speculation arises that IGF–II expression may play a role in some steps of hepato‐carcinogenesis.
Bio‐histochemical aspects of integrins (α2β1, α6β1) in invasive mammary carcinomas: An immunohistochemical study
Authors: Oda Koji , Oh Hitoshi It , Utsunomiya Hirotoshi , Itoh Johbu , Osamura R. Yoshiyuki , Tokuda Yutaka , Kubota Mitsuharu , Tajima Tomoo
Published: December 2008

Immunohistochemical expression of integrins was examined in 39 human invasive mammary carcinomas, of which 34.2% and 43.6% expressed integrins α2β1 and α6β1, respectively. Immuno‐electron microscopy clearly demonstrated that the integrins were in the cell membrane of the carcinoma cells. Similar expression of integrin α2β1 or α6β1 in both the intraductal component and invasive portion of the same tumor was seen in 76.9% and 85.7% of cases, respectively. This suggested that invasive carcinoma cells retained their integrin expression after invasion through the basement membrane. Reciprocal expression of integrins α2β1 and α6β1 was seen in 20 cases. Expression of α2β1 was seen significantly less frequently in scirrhous carcinoma than in the more differentiated papillotubular or solid tubular carcinoma (Chi‐squared test, P < 0.05). Intraductal components of carcinoma were present more frequently in cases expressing integrin α2β1 than in those that were negative. This suggests the potential usefulness of integrins as clinical parameters in the surgical treatment of mammary carcinomas, since recent trials of conservative treatment for mammary carcinoma have focused on the intraductal spread of the tumor cells.