bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of the Efficacy of Lymphedema Decongestive Therapy
Authors: Dzupina Andrej , Yaluri Nagendra , Singh Jaipaul , Jankajova Monika
Published: January 2025

Lymphedema is a chronic condition characterized by the accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the tissues, causing swelling primarily in the limbs, though other body parts can also be affected. It commonly develops after lymph node removal, or radiation therapy, or due to congenital lymphatic system defects. Effective management is essential due to its significant impact on physical function and quality of life. Complete Decongestive Therapy (CDT) is the primary treatment for lymphedema. This comprehensive approach combines manual lymphatic drainage (MLD), compression bandaging, skincare, and exercise. An early diagnosis and initiation of CDT are critical to preventing irreversible damage to the lymphatic system and worsening symptoms. Successful outcomes depend on timely treatment, patient adherence, and the consistent use of all CDT components, with compression therapy and exercise playing particularly vital roles. Recent research highlights how skin and fat tissue characteristics, such as increased skin thickness and adipose tissue accumulation, complicate lymphedema management, especially in advanced stages. In these cases, where fibrosis and fat deposition are more prominent, traditional CDT may need to be supplemented with advanced treatments like liposuction or enhanced compression techniques. This study explores the factors influencing the success of decongestive therapy, including the stage of lymphedema at the diagnosis, treatment protocols, and individual patient characteristics like skin and fat tissue properties.
Should the Start of Immunosuppressive Treatment for COVID-19 Rely upon the Degree of Inflammation or the Time from Onset?
Authors: Mora-Luján José María , Montero Abelardo , Formiga Francesc , Rubio-Rivas Manuel
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: A COVID-19 model with a viral first-week phase and an inflammatory second phase has been proposed. It has been suggested that immunosuppressive treatment in the first week is harmful. This study aimed to analyze the potential damage of corticosteroids (CS) administered in the first week of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on a large cohort of consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to Bellvitge University Hospital (Barcelona, Spain) from March 2020 to April 2021. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who were treated with 6 mg of dexamethasone a day for 10 days, and whose initiation of administration occurred within the first 2 weeks from symptom onset were included. We divided the cohort into the following two groups: patients for whom CS were initiated within the first 7 days after symptom onset vs. patients for whom CS were initiated between days 8 and 14. The degree of analytical inflammation (based on lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, and D-dimer) upon admission was taken into account. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Results: A total of 581 patients met the inclusion criteria. The results included, as follows: differences in age at baseline between groups (70.8 years old vs. 62.7, p < 0.001); moderate-to-severe dependency (11.9% vs. 4.2%, p = 0.003); the lymphocyte count (840 × 106/L vs. 900, p = 0.033); D-dimer (400 ng/mL vs. 309, p < 0.001); and PaO2/FiO2 (290 vs. 311, p < 0.001). In-hospital mortality in patients who received CS in the first week of symptom onset was higher (29% vs. 12.8%, p < 0.001). The following risk factors were associated with higher in-hospital mortality: age (OR = 1.06, p < 0.001); Charlson index (OR = 1.34, p = 0.001); tachypnea > 20 bpm (OR = 2.58, p < 0.001); ≥3 high-risk criteria of inflammation (OR = 1.94, p = 0.012); and CS onset in the first week (OR = 2.17, p = 0.004). A higher PaO2/FiO2 (OR = 0.99, p < 0.001) and the use of remdesivir (OR = 0.53, p = 0.021) were identified as protective factors. However, when stratified by analytical inflammation criteria, the onset of CS in the first week did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: The early administration of CS did not demonstrate a significant detrimental effect. These results highlight the need for a nuanced approach to CS therapy in COVID-19 that carefully weighs the risks and benefits based on individual patient characteristics and the severity of the inflammation.
Microstructural Organization and Mechanical Properties of 5356 Aluminum Alloy Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Under Low Heat Input Conditions
Authors: Zuo Xiaogang , Lv Zhimin , Wang Yuejie , Chen Xiaokang , Qi Wenjun
Published: January 2025

This study examines the microstructure and mechanical properties of 5356 aluminum alloy under low heat input conditions during arc additive manufacturing, focusing on the challenges posed by excessive heat input, which hinders specimen formation and affects dimensional accuracy. The study analyzes the characteristics of single-pass multilayer straight-walled specimens fabricated under varying low heat input conditions, along with evaluations of their mechanical properties, including their microstructure, microhardness, and tensile strength. This study demonstrates that as the heat input increases from 87.5 J/mm to 190.0 J/mm, the width of the vertical wall specimens increases significantly, whereas the change in single-layer height remains minimal. The specimen width increases from 5.22 mm to 8.87 mm, representing a change of 3.65 mm, while the single-layer height increases by only 0.16 mm. The microstructure primarily consists of the α(Al) matrix and the skeletal β(Al3Mg2) phase. As heat input increases, some of the β(Al3Mg2) phase dissolves, resulting in a decrease in its distribution density, a reduction in its quantity, and an increase in its size. The average hardness increases from 69.40 HV at 87.5 J/mm to 77.89 HV at 154.2 J/mm, before decreasing to 73.56 HV at 190.0 J/mm. As the heat input increases, the tensile strength and elongation of both horizontal and vertical specimens initially increase and then decrease. The tensile strength and elongation of the horizontal specimens are slightly greater than those of the vertical specimens. The microstructure and mechanical properties vary across different regions. In the upper region, the β(Al3Mg2) phase is uniformly distributed, with high density and small size. The fracture surface exhibits fine, uniform dimples, displaying the best microhardness and mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 245.88 MPa. In the middle region, the distribution density of the β phase decreases, the size increases, and the dimples become slightly coarser. Consequently, the microhardness and mechanical properties decline. At the bottom, due to the higher cooling rates, the β phase does not dissolve significantly. The distribution density is high, the dimples are large and uneven, and the microhardness and mechanical properties are the lowest, with a tensile strength of 236.00 MPa.
Experimental Study on Efficient Short Electric Arc Turning of Titanium Alloy
Authors: Hu Guoyu , Jiao Haotian , Gao Wei , Zhang Junfeng
Published: January 2025

This study investigates a novel short electric arc vertical turning method for machining titanium alloy shafts. The method was successfully applied to titanium alloy rods, and its effects on material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness, roundness, and cross-sectional morphology were analyzed at varying processing voltages. The results indicate that the MRR and surface quality improve with increased voltage, reaching a maximum of 231 mm3/min and 26 μm surface roughness at 32 V. However, surface roughness deteriorates with higher duty cycles and voltages due to unstable discharges. Roundness deviations are minimized with higher rotational speeds, which enhance uniform material removal and arc stability. Metallographic analysis revealed an increased heat-affected zone and recast layer thickness at higher voltages. This method demonstrates high machining efficiency and improved surface quality, making it suitable for titanium alloy shaft manufacturing in advanced engineering applications.
Study on the Influence Mechanism of Surface Morphology on Wear and Thermal Fatigue Performance of Laser-Treated Bionic Brake Drum
Authors: Liu Wei , Yang Haiyang , Zhou Yuqing , Zhou Ti , Xie Huijun
Published: January 2025

This study explores the mechanisms underlying the enhanced anti-wear and thermal fatigue performance of laser-treated bionic brake drums, aiming to extend their service life and improve design quality. Bionic brake drums treated with laser patterns—point, stripe, and grid—were tested with semi-metallic, non-asbestos organic (NAO), and ceramic brake pads. A mechanical model was developed to analyze wear performance, and bench tests were conducted to assess wear patterns. Thermal fatigue tests examined the impact of thermal cycling on the treated drums’ wear behavior. The results reveal that laser-treated bionic brake drums significantly outperformed untreated ones in both wear resistance and thermal fatigue. Among the treatments, the grid pattern showed the best wear performance, and thermal fatigue life was improved by 27% for the striped pattern and 38% for the grid pattern. The study concludes that laser treatment effectively enhances both wear resistance and thermal fatigue performance in bionic brake drums, especially for the grid pattern, offering valuable insights for future brake drum design.
The Detection of Extensively Drug-Resistant Proteus mirabilis Strains Harboring Both VIM-4 and VIM-75 Metallo-β-Lactamases from Patients in Germany
Authors: Fritzenwanker Moritz , Falgenhauer Jane , Hain Torsten , Imirzalioglu Can , Chakraborty Trinad , Yao Yancheng
Published: January 2025

Proteus mirabilis is a well-known opportunistic pathogen predominantly associated with urinary tract infections. It exhibits natural resistance to multiple antibiotics, including last-resort options like colistin. The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant P. mirabilis isolates, including those producing ESBLs, AmpC cephalosporinases, and carbapenemases, are now more frequently reported. The most common carbapenemase types found in P. mirabilis are KPC-2, IMP, VIM, NDM, and OXA-48. We sequenced the genomes of three carbapenem-resistant P. mirabilis isolates harboring both blaVIM-4 and blaVIM-75 from Germany using both short-read and long-read sequencing techniques. We found that the isolates were only distantly related genetically. Both blaVIM-4 and blaVIM-75 genes were located on a class I integron, which in two cases was located on the chromosome and in one case on a plasmid. This is the first report on the complete genomes of P. mirabilis strains harboring a rare genetic element encoding both blaVIM-4 and blaVIM-75. Our results emphasize a key role for class 1 integrons in the transmission of VIM carbapenemases in P. mirabilis.
Evaluation of the Anti-Mycobacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the New Cardiotonic Steroid γ-Benzylidene Digoxin-15 in Macrophage Models of Infection
Authors: Magalhães Daniel Wilson A. , Sidrônio Maria Gabriella S. , Nogueira Noêmia N. A. , Carvalho Deyse Cristina Madruga , de Freitas Maria Eugênia G. , Oliveira Ericke Cardoso , de Frazao Lima Gustavo F. , de Araújo Demétrius A. M. , Scavone Cristoforo , de Souza Thalisson Amorim , Villar José Augusto F. P. , Barbosa Leandro A. , Mendonça-Junior Francisco Jaime Bezerra , Rodrigues-Junior Valnês S. , Rodrigues-Mascarenhas Sandra
Published: January 2025

Cardiotonic steroids modulate various aspects of the inflammatory response. The synthetic cardiotonic steroid γ-benzylidene digoxin 15 (BD-15), a digoxin derivative, has emerged as a promising candidate with potential immunomodulatory effects. However, its biological activity remains largely unexplored. This study investigated the anti-mycobacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of BD-15 in an in vitro macrophage infection model with Mycobacterium spp. Unlike digoxin, which showed significant toxicity at higher concentrations, BD-15 exhibited no cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells (a murine macrophage cell line). Both compounds were evaluated in Mycobacterium smegmatis-infected RAW 264.7 cells, reducing bacterial burden without direct bactericidal activity. Additionally, both modulated pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, notably by decreasing tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels. BD-15 specifically reduced NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin-domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome expression and increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) production. Notably, BD-15 reduced colony-forming unit (CFU) counts in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected RAW 264.7 cells. Toxicity assays in HepG2 cells (a human liver cancer cell line) showed that BD-15 had minimal hepatotoxicity compared to digoxin, and both demonstrated negligible acute toxicity in an Artemia salina bioassay. These findings revealed the immunomodulatory effects of cardiotonic steroids in a bacterial infection model and highlighted BD-15 as a safer alternative to digoxin for therapeutic applications.
From Dysbiosis to Disease: The Microbiome’s Influence on Uveitis Pathogenesis
Authors: Samalia Priya D. , Solanki Jahnvee , Kam Joseph , Angelo Lize , Niederer Rachael L.
Published: January 2025

The microbiome, comprising the diverse microbial communities inhabiting the human body, has emerged as a critical factor in regulating immune function and inflammation. The relationship between the microbiome and uveitis represents a promising frontier in ophthalmological research, with the microbiome increasingly implicated in disease onset and progression. Research has predominantly focused on the gut microbiome, with animal studies providing evidence that dysbiosis is a key factor in autoimmunity. As the understanding of the microbiome increases, so does the potential for developing innovative treatments that leverage the microbiome’s impact on immune and inflammatory processes. Future research will be crucial for deciphering the complexities of the interaction between the microbiome and immune system and for creating effective microbiome-based therapies for those with uveitis. Incorporating microbiome research into clinical practice could transform how uveitis is managed, leading to better and more individualized approaches for management. This review discusses the current understanding of the microbiome–uveitis axis, the promise of microbiome-based diagnostics and therapeutics, and the critical need for large-scale, longitudinal studies. Unlocking the potential of microbiome-targeted approaches may revolutionize the management of uveitis and other inflammatory diseases.
Pigment Production by Pseudofusicoccum sp.: Extract Production, Cytotoxicity Activity, and Diketopiperazines Identified
Authors: Alves Bianca Vilas Boas , Borges Letícia Jambeiro , Hanna Samira Abdallah , Soares Milena Botelho Pereira , Bezerra Daniel Pereira , Moreira Laysa Lanes Pereira Ferreira , Borges Warley de Souza , Portela Ricardo Wagner Dias , Fernandez Clara Couto , Umsza-Guez Marcelo Andrés
Published: January 2025

Filamentous fungi are among the most commonly used microorganisms for producing various metabolites including dyes. Ensuring the safety of products derived from microorganisms is always essential. In this study, the isolated fungus was identified as Pseudofusicoccum sp., a producer of the burgundy pigment through submerged fermentation. The fungus exhibited enhanced growth and pigment production under yellow light. The extract obtained showed no cytotoxicity in the tested cell lines (HepG2, SCC4, BJ, and MRC-5). Among the compounds isolated and identified through NMR analysis, cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val) and cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) (diketopiperazines) had been previously reported in foods and are known to be produced by various organisms, with several beneficial biological activities. This identified fungus represents a promising source of biopigments with a crude extract that is non-cytotoxic. Additionally, the isolated compounds exhibit significant biological properties, such as antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities, highlighting their potential as natural pigments for use in food products.
Lithofacies Characteristics of the Lower Cretaceous Qing 1 Member in the Heiyupao Depression, Northern Binbei Area of the Songliao Basin
Authors: Liu Yali , Li Wangpeng , Yuan Jiapeng , Li Pei , Ge Xun , Ge Xiaotong , Liu Pengfei , Wu Haiguang , Yu Xuntao , Huang Botao
Published: January 2025

Strategic breakthroughs have been made in the exploration and evaluation of Gulong shale oil in the Songliao Basin. However, the Heiyupao Depression, located near the Gulong Depression, hosts a thick section of the Qingshankou Formation shale that has not been extensively studied. This paper presents novel insights into the lithofacies characteristics, depositional environment, and reservoir features of the Qingshankou Formation shale in the Heiyupao Depression, with a specific focus on the origin and maturation of organic-rich shale. Four core wells were drilled, and 152 core samples were analyzed through a variety of techniques, including rock type classification, mineral composition, TOC content, rare earth elements, rock pyrolysis, organic matter type determination, and CT scanning. Results indicate that the Qingshankou shale is dominated by felsic compositions and Type I kerogen, with organic maturity varying across the section. Based on lithology, sedimentary structures, mineralogy, and organic matter abundance, five distinct lithofacies are identified: high-organic mud-rich felsic shale, high-organic sand-rich felsic shale, medium-organic sand-rich felsic shale, medium-organic massive shale, and low-organic sand-rich felsic shale. Notably, the Type A lithofacies (high-organic mud-rich felsic shale) is identified as a primary source rock due to its intergranular and organic matter pores, albeit with low porosity and poor connectivity. In contrast, the Type E lithofacies (low-organic sand-rich felsic shale) have high porosity, well-developed micro- and nano-scale pores, and strong connectivity, marking them as the primary reservoirs. The characteristics of this region differ significantly from those of Gulong shale oil, requiring different extraction strategies. The mineral composition of such shale is predominantly felsic rather than mixed. The findings not only provide theoretical support for the exploration of complex lacustrine shale in the Songliao Basin but also offer valuable insights for the resource development of similar non-marine shale systems worldwide.
The Stability of TiO2 Phases Studied Using r2SCAN in the Hubbard-Corrected Density Functional Theory
Authors: Pohlmann Jared , Raman Manjula , Bonds Lily , Park Kenneth
Published: January 2025

Titanium dioxide is a quintessential transition metal oxide with many technologically important applications. With its richness in phases, it has also been a testing ground for numerous theoretical studies including density functional theory. We investigated several phases of TiO2 using the all-electron density functional theory with a regularized–restored strongly constrained appropriately normed (r2SCAN) exchange–correlation functional, a popular choice of meta-generalized gradient approximation (meta-GGA). Specifically, the equilibrium lattice parameters were more accurate than those predicted by GGA and agreed well overall with the experimental data. With increasing pressure, the order of stability was determined as anatase < columbite < rutile < baddeleyite < orthorhombic I < cotunnite, as in the calculations using GGA. Including the Hubbard correction term, the correct ordering between rutile, anatase, and columbite can be achieved, consistent with experimental observations. The necessary U value using r2SCAN is much smaller than that using GGA+U. In addition, the Hubbard correction method using r2SCAN is substantially less sensitive to the size of the local projection space compared to the GGA+U study reported recently. We attribute these significantly improved results to the reduced self-interaction error in the r2SCAN functional.
Antimicrobial Neuropeptides and Their Receptors: Immunoregulator and Therapeutic Targets for Immune Disorders
Authors: Chen Kaiqi , Wu Xiaojun , Li Xiaoke , Pan Haoxuan , Zhang Wenhui , Shang Jinxi , Di Yinuo , Liu Ruonan , Zheng Zhaodi , Hou Xitan
Published: January 2025

The interaction between the neuroendocrine system and the immune system plays a key role in the onset and progression of various diseases. Neuropeptides, recognized as common biochemical mediators of communication between these systems, are receiving increasing attention because of their potential therapeutic applications in immune-related disorders. Additionally, many neuropeptides share significant similarities with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and evidence shows that these antimicrobial neuropeptides are directly involved in innate immunity. This review examines 10 antimicrobial neuropeptides, including pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), ghrelin, adrenomedullin (AM), neuropeptide Y (NPY), urocortin II (UCN II), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), and catestatin (CST). Their expression characteristics and the immunomodulatory mechanisms mediated by their specific receptors are summarized, along with potential drugs targeting these receptors. Future studies should focus on further investigating antimicrobial neuropeptides and advancing the development of related drugs in preclinical and/or clinical studies to improve the treatment of immune-related diseases.
Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of Succinated Thiol Compounds via Maleic Anhydride Derivatization
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Sugawa Hikari , Takahashi Himeno , Nagai Ryoji
Published: January 2025

Succination is a non-enzymatic post-translational modification of cysteine (Cys) residues, resulting in the formation of S-(2-succino)cysteine (2SC). While hundreds of 2SC-modified proteins have been identified and are associated with the dysfunction of proteins, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Conventional methods for synthesizing succinated compounds, such as 2SC, often require prolonged reaction times and/or HCl hydrolysis. In this study, we present a rapid and efficient synthesis method for succinated compounds using maleic anhydride, enabling more effective in vivo studies of succination mechanisms. This method was tested on thiol compounds with varying molecular weights, including Cys derivatives, Cys-containing peptides, and reduced bovine serum albumin. By incubating these compounds in an aqueous buffer with maleic anhydride dissolved in an organic solvent like diethyl ether, we achieved significantly improved succination efficiency compared to conventional methods. The succination efficiency using maleic anhydride surpassed that of fumaric acid or maleic acid. Notably, this approach facilitated the succination of amino acids, peptides, and proteins within minutes at 25 °C, without requiring acid hydrolysis. Our findings provide a straightforward, time-efficient strategy for synthesizing succinated thiol compounds, offering a valuable tool to enhance the understanding of succination’s molecular mechanisms and its role in protein function and dysfunction.
Influence of Deep Eutectic Solvent Composition on Micelle Properties: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Voroshylova Iuliia V. , Ferreira Elisabete S. C. , Cordeiro M. Natália D. S.
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the structural and transport properties of SDS, CTAB, and SB3-12 micelles in three deep eutectic solvents (DESs), Ethaline, Glyceline, and Reline, using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The influence of solvent composition on micelle morphology, interactions, and dynamics was explored, revealing key differences driven by the DES environment. Structural analyses, including eccentricity and radius of gyration, demonstrated that micelle shape and compactness vary significantly depending on the solvent. In Ethaline and Reline, larger micelles showed significant deviations from spherical shapes, while micelles in Glyceline became more spherical and compact, particularly those formed by SB3-12. Radial distribution functions highlighted different levels of micelle–solvent interactions, with SDS showing strong interactions with HBD components and SB3-12 exhibiting prominent self-interaction. According to hydrogen bonding analysis, micelles slightly disrupt the DES hydrogen bond network, with SB3-12 establishing the most significant hydrogen bond connections. The transport property analysis revealed that larger micelles have lower diffusion coefficients, whereas smaller micelles enhance DESs’ component mobility. These findings advance the understanding of micelle behavior in DESs and also help in the optimization of DES–surfactant systems for applications such as electrodeposition, nanomaterial templating, and drug delivery. Future research will focus on surfactant interactions with surfaces to further improve these applications.
The Effect of Disulfiram and N-Acetylcysteine, Potential Compensators for Sulfur Disorders, on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation Leading to Memory Impairment and the Metabolism of L-Cysteine Disturbance
Authors: Iciek Małgorzata , Bilska-Wilkosz Anna , Górny Magdalena , Bednarski Marek , Zygmunt Małgorzata , Miller Anthea , Nicosia Noemi , Lombardo Giorgia Pia , Zammit Paula , Kotańska Magdalena
Published: January 2025

Background: The role of sulfur-containing drugs, disulfiram (DSF) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), in alleviating neuroinflammation is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of DSF and NAC on memory and on the metabolism of L-cysteine and inflammation-related parameters in the cerebral cortex of rats in a model of neuroinflammation induced by the administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: All the treatments were administered intraperitoneally for 10 days (LPS at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg b.w., DSF at a dose of 100 mg/kg b.w, and NAC at a dose of 100 mg/kg b.w.). Behavior was evaluated by the novel object recognition (NOR) test and object location (OL) test, and the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was assayed to evaluate neuronal functioning. Cerebral cortex homogenates were tested for hydrogen sulfide (H2S), sulfane sulfur, sulfates, non-protein sulfhydryl groups (NPSH), nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) by biochemical analysis. Results: Neither DSF nor NAC alleviated LPS-induced memory disorders estimated by the NOR test and OL test. The studied compounds also did not affect significantly the levels of BDNF, ROS, NO, H2S, and sulfane sulfur in the cerebral cortex. However, we observed an increase in sulfate concentration in brain tissues after LPS treatment, while DSF and NAC caused an additional increase in sulfate concentration. On the other hand, our study showed that the administration of DSF or NAC together with LPS significantly enhanced the cortical level of NPSH, of which glutathione is the main component. Conclusions: Our study did not confirm the suggested potential of DSF and NAC to correct memory disorders; however, it corroborated the notion that they reduced oxidative stress induced by LPS by increasing the NPSH level. Additionally, our study showed an increase in sulfate concentration in the brain tissues after LPS treatment, which means the upregulation of sulfite and sulfate production in inflammatory conditions.
Arrangement of Azidomethyl Group in Lupinine Azide: Structural and Spectroscopic Properties
Authors: Kopbalina Kymbat , Pankin Dmitrii , Smirnov Mikhail , Ibrayev Niyazbek , Turdybekov Dastan
Published: January 2025

Quinolizidine derivatives are an important class of substances that are used in the pharmaceutical industry. In previous studies, the synthesis of these substances is carried out using lupinine azide (IUPAC: 1-(azidomethyl)octahydro-2H-quinolizine), which is often used to obtain new biologically active compounds. In this regard, its structural characterization is critically important. In this work, the conformational diversity of the molecular structure of this compound has been studied. It is shown that the structure with the axial position of the methyl azide group contains a number of low-energy conformer states with energies higher than the ground state by 0.15–0.60 kcal/mol. Such structural ambiguity should manifest itself in the chemical reactions and biological activity of lupinine azide. The spectroscopic properties of the conformers were studied by modeling chemical shifts for carbon and hydrogen atoms, as well as by simulating IR absorption spectra. An analysis of the most specific spectroscopic features of all of the conformers was carried out. Based on the correlation of the theoretical results and the experimental spectroscopic data, a conclusion was made for the first time regarding the most probable conformational states in the solution.
Impact of B and P Doping on the Elastic Properties of Si Nanowires
Authors: Al-Nuaimi Nedhal Ali Mahmood , Thränhardt Angela , Gemming Sibylle
Published: January 2025

Using gradient-corrected density functional theory we investigate the mechanical properties of ultrathin boron (B) and phosphorus (P) doped silicon nanowires (SiNWs) along the [001] and [111] orientations within the PBE approximation. Both pristine and doped SiNWs under study have diameters ranging from 5 to 8 Å. Our results show that doping significantly enhances the bulk modulus (B0), shear modulus (GV), Young’s modulus (Y), and other mechanical parameters. The significant anisotropy observed in the mechanical properties of Si[111] NWs, with varying moduli along different axes, further illustrates the complex interplay between mechanical behavior and electronic structure at the nanoscale. The mechanical flexibility of SiNWs, combined with their tunable electronic properties due to quantum confinement, makes them promising candidates for advanced nanoelectronic devices, nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), and advanced technologies.
A Review of the Biological Activity and Structure–Property Relationships of the Main Compounds from Schisandra chinensis
Authors: Skalski Bartosz , Kuźniak Elżbieta , Kowalska Iwona , Sikora Monika , Olas Beata
Published: January 2025

Schisandra chinensis is a plant from the Schisandraceae family that grows in humid climates, such as forests and mountain slopes. This plant is attracting the attention of an increasing number of scientists around the world, mainly due to its medicinal properties. It contains a variety of bioactive compounds that exhibit significant biological activities, including lignans, flavonoids, phenolic acids, triterpenoids, organic acids and essential oils. This publication is a review of the latest knowledge and research conducted in the field of analysis of biologically active compounds isolated from Schisandra chinensis.
Lifestyle-Related Factors for Improving Diet Quality
Authors: Fischer Derek , Ouyang Ping
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Diet quality is important for the prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which are now responsible for leading causes of death worldwide. Although health professionals often recommend diet improvement for the treatment and management of many NCDs, patients continually struggle to make dietary changes and maintain them long-term. This may be due to an interplay of many factors that affect dietary quality. This paper discusses some lifestyle-related factors that may offer additional points of intervention for health professionals to use to increase diet quality. Methods: This review examines the effects of exercise, sleep, mindfulness practice, meal socialization, social media use, and tobacco and alcohol use on diet quality. Studies examining the effects of these factors on diet were found by searching PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. Results: Evidence suggests that a positive relationship between exercise, adequate sleep, and all forms of mindfulness have positive effects on diet quality. Meal socialization’s effects on diet quality were nuanced. Individuals tend to eat similarly to those they share a meal with. However, food quantity intake may be affected by the physical characteristics of individuals with whom people share a meal. Social media use was found to have negative effects on diet quality in those who used it excessively and was found to promote disordered eating patterns. Both tobacco and alcohol use were found to have negative impacts on diet quality. Conclusions: Using these findings, health professionals may be able to educate people about lifestyle-related factors that can improve diet quality.
Telemedicine for Personalized Nutritional Intervention of Rare Diseases: A Narrative Review on Approaches, Impact, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Eletti Francesca , Tagi Veronica Maria , Greco Ilenia Pia , Stucchi Eliana , Fiore Giulia , Bonaventura Eleonora , Bruschi Fabio , Tonduti Davide , Verduci Elvira , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo
Published: January 2025

Background: Telemedicine represents a growing opportunity to improve access to personalized care for patients with rare diseases, addressing the challenges of specialized healthcare that is often limited by geographical barriers. The aim of this narrative review is to explore how telemedicine can facilitate tailored nutritional interventions for rare diseases, focusing on inherited metabolic diseases, rare neurological disorders, such as leukodystrophies, and neuromuscular disorders, including spinal muscular atrophies. Methods: This narrative review is based on a systematic search of the published literature over the past 20 years, and includes systematic reviews, meta-analysis, retrospective studies, and original articles. References were selected through searches in databases such as PubMed and Scopus, applying predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among the inclusion criteria, studies focusing on pediatric patients aged 0 to 18 years, diagnosed with rare neurological diseases or inherited metabolic disorders, and using telemedicine in addition to in-person visits at their reference center were considered. Among the exclusion criteria, studies involving patients with other pathologies or comorbidities and those involving patients older than 18 years were excluded. Results: A total of 66 documents were analyzed to examine the challenges and specific needs of patients with rare diseases, highlighting the advantages and limitations of telemedicine compared to traditional care. The use of telemedicine has revolutionized the medical approach, facilitating integrated care by multidisciplinary teams. Conclusions: Telemedicine still faces several technical, organizational, and security challenges, as well as disparities in access across different geographical areas. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence could positively transform the monitoring and management of patients with rare diseases. Telemedicine has great potential ahead of it in the development of increasingly personalized and effective care, in fact, emerging technologies are important to provide remote care, especially for patients with rare diseases.
Nursing Knowledge and Skills in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Multi-Centre Exploratory Study
Authors: Vilanova-Trillo Lucía , Martínez-Santos Alba-Elena , Fernández-De-La-Iglesia Josefa-del-Carmen , Salgado-Boquete Laura , Flórez Ángeles
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an under-treated chronic inflammatory disease that affects approximately 0.40–2% of the population. Despite the competences nurses have in wound care, little is known about their management of HS lesions. The objectives of this study were to determine the knowledge and skills of primary care nurses regarding HS as well as to analyse the aspects in which these nurses need to strengthen their competences. Methods: A multicentre exploratory cross-sectional study was carried out in all seven healthcare areas of the Galician Health Service (N-W Spain) during 2021–2022. A questionnaire was developed for the project and subsequently piloted; from it, four dimensions were established. Additionally, sociodemographic data were collected. A total of 211 primary care nurses participated. Results: Both total and dimension scores were lower than 5 out of 10 points. The participants showed more knowledge in the Diagnosis and Clinical Course dimension (M = 4.59 out of 10). An older age correlated with greater knowledge regarding Diagnosis and Clinical Course (rho = 0.196; p = 0.006). Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of developing evidence-based continuous training in the management and detection of the disease, while reducing the consequences of HS on patients’ quality of life.
Constructing Applied Knowledge in Nursing Students: A Learning Experience Centered on Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: García-Expósito Judith , Tort-Nasarre Glòria , Torné-Ruiz Alba , Roca Judith , Esqué Sara , Sanromà-Ortíz Montserrat
Published: January 2025

Background: Evidence-based practice must be promoted in nursing education to provide quality care. For this, teaching practices that promote its development must be considered. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore a learning experience centered on evidence-based practice through cooperative learning in an online discussion forum with nursing students. Methods: We employed a descriptive qualitative study with the participation of 137 nursing students. A teaching intervention based on cooperative teamwork through an online forum is proposed. The students, through a question, must manage information to provide a reasoned answer. The interactions in the forums were analyzed through qualitative content analysis. Results: Two themes and eight categories emerged: Critical Analysis of the Literature (Computer Literacy, Reliability of the data sources, Level of evidence according to the article design, and Relevance of the research) and Clinical Practice (Patient’s perspective, Professional experience, Quality of care, and Usefulness of EBP). Conclusions: The use of interactive teaching methodologies (cooperative learning and online discussion forums) facilitates the construction of knowledge applied to clinical practice. Students perceive EBP as necessary and useful for optimal care management, and the forums allow for the development of key competencies, such as autonomous learning, teamwork, and critical thinking.
The Occurrence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus Ticks Collected from Nature-Educational and Tourist Trails in the Poprad Landscape Park
Authors: Koczanowicz Sylwia , Nowak-Chmura Magdalena , Kocoń Anna , Rączka Grzegorz , Asman Marek
Published: January 2025

Throughout Europe, including Poland, Ixodes ricinus ticks are the main vector of numerous pathogenic agents that pose a serious threat to public health. Southern Poland attracts many tourists with its scenic landscapes and abundant recreational opportunities. These areas are ideal habitats for wild fauna, which serve as the main reservoirs and hosts for these pathogens and ticks. The large population and biodiversity of these hosts facilitate the proliferation of ticks. The aim of this study was to determine the potential exposure of humans to ticks and tick-borne pathogens such as Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Babesia spp., along the nature-educational and tourist trails of the Poprad Landscape Park. From 2020 to 2021, ticks were collected using the flagging method on three tourist trails and nature-educational paths within the Poprad Landscape Park. DNA was isolated from 213 I. ricinus ticks using the ammonia method. To detect pathogens in ticks, PCR and nested PCR methods were used. To detect B. burgdorferi s.l. and A. phagocytophilum, two pairs of primers specific to the flaB gene fragment and 16S rRNA gene fragment were used, respectively. For Babesia spp. detection, primers specific to the 18S rRNA gene were used. The amplification products were separated electrophoretically and visualized under ultraviolet light. In total, among the 213 examined ticks, B. burgdorferi s.l. was detected in 31% of the samples. Neither A. phagocytophilum nor Babesia spp. were detected in the studied material. These results indicate a potentially high risk of ticks and tick-borne B. burgdorferi s.l. infections for residents and tourists in the recreational areas of the Poprad Landscape Park.
Dry Powder Inhalers for Delivery of Synthetic Biomolecules
Authors: Omidian Hossein , Nokhodchi Ali , Babanejad Niloofar
Published: January 2025

This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of advancements in dry powder inhaler (DPI) technology for pulmonary and systemic drug delivery, focusing on proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, and small molecules. Innovations in spray-drying (SD), spray freeze-drying (SFD), and nanocarrier engineering have led to enhanced stability, bioactivity, and aerosol performance. Studies reveal the critical role of excipients, particle morphology, and device design in optimizing deposition and therapeutic efficacy. Applications include asthma, cystic fibrosis, tuberculosis (TB), and lung cancer, with emerging platforms such as ternary formulations and siRNA-loaded systems demonstrating significant clinical potential. Challenges such as stability, scalability, and patient adherence are addressed through novel strategies, including Quality by Design (QbD) approaches and advanced imaging tools. This work outlines pathways for future innovation in pulmonary drug delivery.
Optimization of Two Methods for the Rapid and Effective Extraction of Quinine from Cinchona officinalis
Authors: Ochoa Gianella , Armijos Leonardo , Figueroa Jorge G. , Jaramillo-Fierro Ximena , Solano-Cueva Natalí
Published: January 2025

This study successfully optimized two advanced extraction methods, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), for the efficient and rapid recovery of quinine from Cinchona officinalis. Among the evaluated parts of the plant, the bark consistently yielded the highest quinine concentration, highlighting its significance as the primary source for alkaloid extraction. The optimized conditions for MAE (65% ethanol, 130 °C, 34 min) achieved a maximum yield of 3.93 ± 0.11 mg/g, while UAE (61% ethanol, 25 °C, 15 min) provided a faster but slightly lower yield of 2.81 ± 0.04 mg/g. These findings confirm the superiority of MAE and UAE over conventional methods like Soxhlet extraction in terms of time efficiency and sustainability. The quantification of quinine using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with advanced detection methods further validated the reliability and reproducibility of the results. While this study focused on optimizing extraction and quantification parameters, it sets the groundwork for future research into the sustainable utilization and potential valorization of C. officinalis byproducts. These findings not only provide a standardized protocol for extracting quinine but also contribute to the broader application of green chemistry principles in pharmaceutical production.
Shifting Herbal Knowledge: The Ecological and Cultural Dynamics Behind Plant Use Changes in the Southern Occitan Alps
Authors: Alrhmoun Mousaab , Sulaiman Naji , Pieroni Andrea
Published: January 2025

This study examines changes in medicinal and wild food plant knowledge in the Alpine Southern Occitan area, focusing on temporal and cultural shifts. Drawing from ethnobotanical data from the Maira Valley (1970, 2022), Stura Valley (2004), and Grana Valley (2011), we explore dynamics in plant use and how they may have been generated by ecological, socio-economic, and cultural changes. A total of 308 plant taxa were recorded, with notable declines in Asteraceae and Lamiaceae utilizations by 2022, suggesting a remarkable erosion of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). Conversely, the use of families like Brassicaceae and Amaranthaceae increased, possibly due to socio-economic factors. This study also found in recent years a decrease in medicinal plant uses and a greater reliance on food system-related plants. Logistic regression models highlighted altitude (600–1600 masl) as a key factor in plant diversity use, with older participants showing more diverse ethnobotanical knowledge. This study underscores the resilience and transformation of plant knowledge in response to socio-economic and environmental changes in the Alpine area.
Pharmacognostic Study of the Leaves of Ptilostemon greuteri Raimondo & Domina, a Rare Sicilian Paleoendemic Species
Authors: Smeriglio Antonella , Trombetta Domenico , Cornara Laura , Malaspina Paola , Ingegneri Mariarosaria , Di Gristina Emilio , Bajona Enrico , Polito Flavio , De Feo Vincenzo
Published: January 2025

Ptilostemon greuteri Raimondo & Domina is a rare Sicilian paleoendemic species. The aim of study was to investigate the micro-morphological features of leaves by light and scanning electron microscopy, to elucidate the phytochemical profile of essential oil (EO), n-hexane (HE) and hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) by gas and liquid chromatographic methods, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties by in vitro assays. Leaves had a large lanceolate blade, dark green on the upper side and greyish on the lower one with a dense tomentum. Epidermis showed many protruding stomata. By lipid-specific dyes, lipophilic droplets within cells surrounding the secretory ducts and within palisade cells were detected, whereas the presence of polyphenols in the mesophyll was highlighted by toluide blue O. These observations have driven the subsequent phytochemical analyses. EO showed germacrene D (29.94%), carvacrol (14.3%) and eugenol (12.93%) as the most abundant compounds. In the HE, docosane, oleic and palmit acid, and lupeol were the predominant compounds, whereas caffeoylquinic acid and quercetin derivatives were the most common polyphenols in HAE. Considering the detected mean half-inhibitory concentrations (IC50), HAE showed predominant antioxidant activity (IC50 30.54 µg/mL), while EO showed predominant anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 397.59 µg/mL). Finally, HE, rich in medium-to-long fatty acids, showed the best protease inhibitory activity
Characterization and Identification of Neocosmospora solani and Fusarium oxysporum Causing Root Necrosis and Wilting of Orange Trees in Chile
Authors: Garzón-Nivia María A. , Mártiz Mártiz Johanna , Moya-Elizondo Ernesto A. , Ruiz Braulio , Cornejo Julio C. , Valdés-Gómez Héctor A.
Published: January 2025

Orange trees (Citrus × sinensis (L.) Osbeck) are the third-most cultivated citrus fruit species in Chile. In recent years, several trees in three orange orchards of ‘Lane late’ and ‘Fukumoto’ cultivars grafted on ‘Robidoux’ trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) have shown chlorosis, canopy reduction, wilting, root necrosis, defoliation, and plant death symptoms. This study aims to characterize the morphological symptoms observed in diseased orange trees in central Chile and identify the fungal pathogens that are involved. Isolation and morphological characterization of the pathogens were conducted by using different culture media. A total of 53 isolates were obtained, morphologically characterized and 12 isolates were selected for molecular identification. The isolates were identified using ITS, TEF-1α, and RPB2 regions. Two Fusarium species complexes were identified, Neocosmospora (Fusarium) solani (FSSC) and F. oxysporum (FOSC), based on >99% identity. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on young orange seedlings under greenhouse conditions. Results indicated that two months post inoculation, trifoliate orange seedlings displayed root rot symptoms such as necrosis, vascular discoloration, and wilting. FSSC and FOSC were re-isolated from necrotic seedling roots and identified through a combination of morphological traits and molecular techniques. This is the first detailed report of this disease, attributed to FSSC and FOSC, in orange orchards in Chile. These diagnostic results represent the first step in developing adequate phytosanitary programs for managing this disease.