bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attention Does Not Improve Impaired Understanding Of Variability In Spatial Prediction
Authors: Herdener Nathan , Wickens Christopher D. , Clegg Benjamin A. , Smith C. A. P.
Published: September 2018

Understanding variability of uncertain systems is often vital for decision makers, yet is habitually disregarded in favor of developing superior capability to predict most likely outcomes. One potential path to improving appreciation of variability is simply to attend more carefully to it. The present study explores a trade-off in the ability to predict average trajectories and estimate the variability in a spatial prediction task. Through instructional and task manipulations, some participants were encouraged to emphasize variability in a task that had previously shown good performance of mean prediction but poor estimation of variability. Overall estimation of variability was poor in both the prediction emphasis condition, and crucially in the variability emphasis condition. The results suggest overlooking variability is not just the result of neglecting that dimension, but rather represents a more systematic limitation in human performance. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Trends In Infant Sleep: What Do The Data Show? What Are Caregivers’ Behaviors?
Authors: Pollack-Nelson Carol , Wanna Nakamura Suad , Nesteruk Hope , Balci-Sinha Rana , Kish Celestine
Published: September 2018

Parents of infants expect their baby will sleep safely in any of a number of products that are intended for overnight sleep (e.g., crib, bassinet, cradle, play yard) as well as products in which infants routinely nap (e.g., infant seat, swing). Yet each year, infants die while napping or sleeping. The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) is an independent federal agency charged with protecting the public from unreasonable risk of injury associated with consumer products, including infant sleep products. In this panel, technical experts from the CPSC address issues relating to infant sleep safety including physiological factors associated with infant death and findings from incident data. Case studies for two infant products (handheld infant carriers and infant bouncer seats) and focus group research findings with parents of infants shed light on consumer behavior as it relates to perceptions of infant comfort and product use.
An examination of icons, signal words, color, and messages in warnings for children on the Internet
Authors: Zaikina-Montgomery Helen , Silver N. Clayton
Published: September 2018

Most minors have unrestricted access to the Internet, which, along with educational content, contains deleterious content not appropriate for minors. A system of warnings targeting minors on the Internet was developed and tested. The present study examined selected icons in combination with signal words, color, and warning messages. Three hundred and fifty-three adults and ten children participated in the study. Five most effective icons from a previous study were paired with signal words (STOP and WARNING) printed in black and red, along with warning messages, ranging in severity and explicitness. Results indicated that the signal word STOP was rated higher overall than WARNING, red was rated higher than black, and ratings for warning messages increased as the message explicitness and severity increased across a range of dependent variables including understandability and carefulness. A four-way icon x color x signal word x warning message interaction was found. Implications for warning design are discussed.
Who Would Put Their Child Alone In An Autonomous Vehicle? Preliminary Look At Gender Differences
Authors: Hand Somer , Lee Yi-Ching
Published: September 2018

While previous studies have examined public opinions of autonomous vehicles, there is a distinct gap in the literature concerning opinions of the use of AVs to transport children. This study examined participants’ concerns about and willingness to use AVs to transport children unaccompanied. Specifically, it focused on differences in attitudes between men and women and between parent versus non-parent groups. Significant results were found between these groups, with men and non-parents being more willing to use AVs to transport children unaccompanied. All groups demonstrated a significant hesitance toward such use, with only very small percentages indicating that they definitely would use AVs to transport children unaccompanied.
New Approaches to Collecting Family Health History – A Preliminary Study Investigating the Efficacy of Conversational Systems to Collect Family Health History
Authors: Ponathil Amal , Firat Ozkan Necmettin , Bertrand Jeffrey , Welch Brandon , Chalil Madathil Kapil
Published: September 2018

Knowing and compiling your family health information is an important, cost-effective and efficient way to help your doctor screen and monitor for risks of genomic diseases such as cancer. There are several ways to collect family health history, including the use of digital records. Digital records can be helpful for sharing and updating information among family members. However, minimal research has been conducted to compare the different data collection interfaces. This study focuses on evaluating the user’s performance and preference between a conversational interface that we developed and a traditional interface for compiling family health history. Using a within-subjects design, twenty participants were asked to perform several tasks using both platforms. Although the conversational interface required more clicks, participants reported lower workload, higher performance and greater ease-of-use with this platform, and preferred the guidance of the virtual assistant.
The Dark Side Of The Net: Event Analysis Of Systemic Teamwork (East) Applied To Illicit Trading On A Darknet Market
Authors: Lane Ben R. , Lacey David , Stanton Neville A. , Matthews Anita , Salmon Paul M.
Published: September 2018

Darknet markets are increasingly being used to facilitate the trade of illicit drugs and fraudulent identity data. Despite this, the processes underlying such trading remain poorly understood, as does how best to disrupt these activities. The aim of this study was to use Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork (EAST) to describe the task, social, and information networks involved in the buying and selling of illicit goods on a Darknet market. The results demonstrated that many elements of Darknet market activity interact and targeting any one of these elements may result in a variety of disruptive outcomes. This study has implications for understanding the complexity of the Darknet market ecosystem and its vulnerability to disruption.
Using Gesture, Gaze, and Combination Input Schemes as Alternatives to the Computer Mouse
Authors: Canare Dominic , Chaparro Barbara , Chaparro Alex
Published: September 2018

Novel input devices can increase the bandwidth between users and their devices. Traditional desktop computing uses windows, icons, menus, and pointers – an interface built for the computer mouse and very effective for pointing-and-clicking. Alternative devices provide a variety of interactions including touch-free, gesture-based input and gaze-tracking to determine the user’s on-screen gaze location, but these input channels are not well-suited to a point-and-click interface. This study evaluates five new schemes, some multi-modal. These experimental schemes perform worse than mouse-based input for a picture sorting task, and motion-based gesture control creates more errors. Some gaze-based input has similar performance to the mouse while not creating additional workload.
Safety Priming and Subsequent App Selection Behaviors
Authors: Chong Isis , Ge Huangyi , Proctor Robert W. , Li Ninghui
Published: September 2018

The current Android app store requires users to search for information on the permissions requested by mobile apps. The present study sought to determine if safety priming, a manipulation shown to be effective in promoting safer app selections, would push users to look for safety-related information in the form of safety rankings when it was not readily available. We recruited participants from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk to complete an app selection task examining the effects of priming when a summary score was hidden by default, but could be shown if users selected to view it. Findings suggest that priming did not encourage users to seek out this information if it was not readily available. Further, it is concluded that safety priming is only effective if safety-related information is readily accessible. These results highlight the need to present all safety information as early as possible to ensure that it is taken into account.
Methodology for co-creating provider-centered interventions for mitigating interruptions in the emergency department
Authors: Blocker Renaldo C. , Forsyth Katherine L. , Hawthorne Hunter J.
Published: September 2018

The high uncertainty of the emergency department (ED) and intermittent time-critical activities creates unpredictable staff workloads. Frequent interruptions are inherent to this acute care work environment adding to the demands placed on clinicians. Implementing sustainable interventions to mitigate interruptions has been a challenge. This study examined interruptions in the emergency department and provides a methodology for co-creating interventions to eliminate and/or manage interruptions impact on the care process. Observers collected and categorized interruptions using a validated tablet PC-based tool during clinicians’ entire shifts. Focus groups were used to develop and select provider-centered interventions. A total of 7889 interruptions were identified across 91 shifts. A total of 24 interventions were selected for potential implementation. The interventions were related to (1) protocol, procedures and policy, (2) information sharing, (3) devices and (4) role clarity. Developing sustainable solutions to interruptions has the potential to reduce patients’ vulnerability.
ReClass: An Application of Deep Learning for Real-time Reading Detection Using an Eye Tracking Device
Authors: Nguyen Hoa T. , Langstrand Jens-Patrick , Hildebrandt Michael
Published: September 2018

We demonstrate the ReClass system, a real time reading detection classifier. ReClass detects if a user is reading text or not solely based on the user’s eye movements, without considering the content of the screen. We examined two machine learning approaches. In the first approach, we pre-processed the data using feature engineering and trained a Linear Support Vector Machine classifier. The second approach used a Deep Learning Neural Network; instead of feature engineering, we allowed the neural network to extract features from the raw data. The second approach outperformed the first by about 25%, achieving 96% accuracy. Our tool illustrates how Deep Learning can be a new innovative method for teaching machines to understand human behaviour. We discuss the potential applications of ReClass for educational assessment, medical diagnosis and training.
Synopticon: Sensor Fusion for Real-Time Gaze Detection and Analysis
Authors: Langstrand Jens-Patrick , Nguyen Hoa T. , Hildebrandt Michael
Published: September 2018

Synopticon is a software platform that fuses data from position tracking, eye tracking, and physiological sensors. Synopticon was developed to produce real-time digital representations of users. These “digital twins” can be visualized, or used by other algorithms to detect the behavioural, cognitive or emotional state of the user. Synopticon provides 3D modelling tools based on position tracking data to define areas of interest (AOI) in the environment. By projecting the combined eye-and position-data into the 3D model, Synopticon can automatically detect when a user is looking at an AOI, generates real-time heat maps, and compiles statistical information. The demonstration will show how to set up and calibrate a combined position tracking and eye tracking system, and explain how Synopticon addresses some of the limitations of current eye tracking technology.
Interfacing the Modifiable Multitasking Environment with ACT-R for Computational Cognitive Modeling of Complex Tasks
Authors: Blaha Leslie M. , Carlsen Leif , Halverson Tim , Reynolds Brad
Published: September 2018

We demonstrate a set of software tools designed to facilitate computational cognitive modeling of multitasking performance. The Modifiable Multitasking Environment (ModME) offers a flexible, browser-based platform for creating multitasking experiments. Simplified Interfacing for Modeling Cognition–JavaScript (SIMCog-JS) provides communication between the browser-based experiments in ModME and the Java implementation of the ACT-R cognitive architecture. The baseline configuration of these software packages enables an ACT-R model to perform pilot-like multitasking in the modified Multi-Attribute Task Battery, which is implemented as the baseline task available in ModME. We show how this combination facilitates the development of models for assessing multitasking workload. In this demonstration, we will explain the software packages and allow attendees to interact with system elements, particularly the ModME graphical user interfaces. All software is available open source for attendees to try themselves.
Demonstration of the “Work Models that Compute” Simulation Framework for Objective Function Allocation
Authors: IJtsma Martijn , Ma Lanssie M. , Feigh Karen M. , Pritchett Amy R.
Published: September 2018

This document describes a demonstration of the computational simulation framework Work Models that Compute (WMC). WMC is a framework for the objective evaluation of function allocation between humans and robots. The WMC framework has been used to study the impact of function allocation on both the air traffic management and spacecraft operations work domains. Recent advances include modeling of human-robot control modes, locomotion, failures and physical resources. We propose a demonstration of WMC showcasing how WMC can provide useful, objective and quantitative insight in the trade-offs asso-ciated with function allocation. In the demonstration, we will analyze function allocation for an on-orbit maintenance scenario. We will first show how minor changes to a function allocations can have major ef-fects on the emergent work patterns that result from the simulation framework. Second, we will demon-strate an analysis of 10-15 possible function allocations (defined in advance) and cross-compare their char-acteristics based on measures such as the idle time, taskload for each agent, information transfer require-ments, physical resources exchanges and others. This will show the framework’s capability to rapidly ex-plore the function allocation trade-space and allow the designer to make more informed trade-offs.
Putting the Applied in Applied Psychology: Experiential Learning Projects in the HFE Classroom
Authors: Lum Heather C. , Hancock Gabriella M. , Waldfogle Grace E. , Scholcover Federico , Kelling Nicholas
Published: September 2018

The objective of this panel is to open a dialog about how experiential learning is being represented within the human factors and ergonomic classroom. The panel will start by Heather Lum briefly giving an overview and the precipice for this discussion panel. The panelists will then provide their views and experiences regarding this topic. Gabriella Hancock will discuss how she prepares her students for ‘publish or perish’ through a hands-on assignment. Grace Waldfogle will discuss how her undergraduate applied project prepared her for graduate education in human factors. Federico Scholcover will share his experiences with a semester long design project and how he uses what he learned there in a job setting. Finally, Nicholas Kelling will discuss the industry-academia collaborative process and how it prepares students for life beyond the classroom. The specific theme of this discussion panel is focused on the differing perspectives that one might face rom either the instructor and student perspectives. Dr. Lum will foster discussion among the panelists and questions from the general audience.

Discussion time: 90 minutes.
Considering the Future of Land Grant Ergonomics Education
Authors: Caldwell Barrett S.
Published: September 2018

Current discussions of challenges and weaknesses of higher education are a source of tension in the early decades of the 21st Century. These discussions reflect the public role and impact of higher education in the early 20th Century with the growth of the land grand university model. Changing social dynamics regarding college-going populations, as well as agricultural and engineering innovations from 1900-20, help to provide context for the role of human factors and ergonomics training for public higher education and workforce productivity. Attempts to forecasting new models of higher education based on societal changes from 2000-20 are problematic, as suggested by agricultural changes from 1900 – 2000. The future of land grant (and human factors and ergonomics) education requirements are tied to our understanding of different historical models of higher education, and demands for matching employment skills and job prospects for new generations of economic, societal and technical challenges.
Cross-training in Design and Human Factors
Authors: Rantanen Esa , Rickel Stan , Rantanen Alisa , Lau Michael
Published: September 2018

The education of future human factors professionals is a critically important topic and a concern for the professional associations of human factors/ergonomics professionals. The Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES) has a long history of involvement in the career development of its members and the Education Technical Group has encouraged presentations and panels on ca-reer development topics at the Society’s annual meetings. This panel will continue this tradition and is intended to stimulate and sustain a discourse between the human factors and design com-munities both in the industry and academia, as well as serve as an exemplar of industry-academia interaction.
Effects of a dynamic foot movement device on cognitive performance in short-duration computer-based tasks
Authors: Kar Gourab , Sun Yilu , Celikors Elif , Villacreces Paulina , Misailedes Elena , Schatz Marty , Kim Jeyon , Shi Yuan Ling Zi , Gao Yitong , Sun Joey , Zhang Jiaming , Hedge Alan
Published: September 2018

This pilot study compared cognitive performance in short-duration computer-based tasks between static sitting as control, and active sitting with use of a dynamic foot movement device as intervention. Using a within-subjects counterbalanced design; participants performed four computer-based tasks evaluating cognitive performance. A survey reported subjective evaluations of concentration, productivity, comfort, satisfaction, and preference for future use. Results from Digit span, Fitts’ Spiral, Stroop and Typing tests indicate no significant difference in cognitive performance between intervention and control. Survey results suggest that 40% of participants expressed satisfaction and preference for future use of the intervention. In conclusion, findings from this study suggest that compared to static sitting, cognitive performance on short-duration computer tasks is not reduced with use of a dynamic foot movement device. The adoption of dynamic foot movement devices can potentially increase low-intensity concurrent physical activity without negatively impacting cognitive performance in short-duration computer-based office tasks.
Effects of Electrochromic Glass on Computer Vision Syndrome
Authors: Hedge Alan , Nou Danny
Published: September 2018

Occupant surveys were conducted in 4 office buildings, 2 with traditional non-tinted low-e glass (LeG) and 2 with electrochromic glass (EC). 106 employees working in these buildings volunteered to participate in the study. Results showed that subjective reports of overall ambient lighting conditions were comparable in the buildings. However, EC optimizes daylight and reduces sunlight glare, and significantly more workers sat close to the windows in the EC buildings compared to the LeG buildings. Workers in the EC office buildings reported significantly better daylight, significantly less adverse glare, and significantly fewer symptoms of computer vision syndrome than those in the LeG buildings.
Forensic Case Study: When labeling leads to wrongful incarceration
Authors: Vredenburgh Alison G. , Zackowitz Ilene B.
Published: September 2018

This case study involves a woman who travelled to Mexico and returned to the United States transporting bottles of cuajo, a substance derived from a calf’s stomach, which is used to make cheese. She informed the border officer that the liquid in the bottle was used to make cheese and she had receipts in her possession for purchasing cuajo. A Safariland NarcoPouch field drug kit was used to test the liquid, which produces an expected color change to any substance that contains secondary amines, including methamphetamine and MDMA. A positive test result to the cuajo when tested at the Port of Entry was a major factor in deciding to arrest the woman, who was held in jail for more than six months; the results of gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer testing indicated that there was no controlled substance in the bottles and she was released. The human factors issues for this matter include adequacy of training, instructions and warnings which misled officers to believe that the test was conclusive for methamphetamine, resulting in her lengthy incarceration.
Prevalence of the Use of Mobile Instant Messaging Applications: The Need to Assess Their Usage in Human Factors Investigations
Authors: Figueroa Jacinto Rosemarie , Arndt Steve
Published: September 2018

Smartphones have become an essential part of our everyday life. Use of mobile instant messaging applications (e.g., WhatsApp, Messenger, iMessage, Kik, Viber, GroupMe, Telegram, Send, Line, and Snapchat) rather than messaging services from cellular service providers have become very popular among users, far outpacing the use of more traditional text messaging. Initial research revealed that the global usage of these modes of communication far outnumber standard text messaging. These instant messaging apps allow users to perform the same function as traditional communication tools (text, voice call, audio message, video call from phone carrier’s number). Additionally, they offer other capabilities such as creating group chats, and sharing photos/videos – in many cases without the need of using data plan coverage from phone carriers. Although instant messaging applications have become very popular, their use for communication may not be considered as often as traditional voice and text message phone records when assessing accident causation due to potential driver distraction from phone usage. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the prevalence of instant messaging applications, the need to consider the usage of instant messaging applications when assessing potential driver and pedestrian distractions due to smartphone usage, and some initial tools for gathering data on usage of some of the applications.
Consumer perception of portable ladder hazards and warnings
Authors: Nemire Kenneth
Published: September 2018

This article describes the results of a survey intended as a preliminary assessment of consumer perceptions of the hazardousness of portable ladders and the warning labels provided on portable ladders. One hundred ten participants responded to an online survey tool called Amazon Mechanical Turk. The survey collected information about participants’ use of ladders, their ratings of familiarity with ladders, perceived hazardousness of portable ladders, and perception of warning labels on portable ladders. Results indicated a small but significant relationship between familiarity with ladders and their perceived hazardousness, and that participants thought that people should be warned about the hazards associated with ladder use. Implications for future research about consumer perception of portable ladder hazards and warnings are described.
Why We Withdrew from Our First Forensics Case
Authors: Vredenburgh Michael J. , Bench Meriel L.
Published: September 2018

Work in the field of forensic human factors and biomechanics can be extremely difficult, especially for new professionals working on their first case. As such, it is not uncommon for new experts to take any case that they are retained on, regardless of the feasibility of the requests made of them. It is important, however, to maintain scientific and intellectual integrity on such cases, not only to establish a positive professional reputation but to ensure that future work in the field remains feasible. This paper addresses three central factors for withdrawal considerations (case facts, attorney-expert communications, and inter-professional interactions) that are illustrated using an example case in which a bridge collapse resulted in personal injury. The experts chose to withdraw from the case when the client attorney was unable to provide crucial data and materials that were promised at time of retention.
Understanding and Evaluating Eyewitness Recall of Events
Authors: Martin Jeffrey A. , Cohen Joseph , Stokes Angela
Published: September 2018

Human factors practitioners in litigation sometimes base event reconstructions upon information from witnesses. The witnesses can be those who actively performed the at-issue tasks or those who merely observed the events. During this alternative-format interactive session, attendees will watch three event scenarios (two video and one role play). Attendees will then be queried about their recall of those scenarios, which will then be compared to the veridical information from the videos. The facilitators will help identify the particular eyewitness memory factors at play with the objectives of providing attendees (1) an experiential learning experience in which relevant eyewitness memory dynamics are demonstrated and discussed; (2) a summary of some of the cognitive-science literature concerning eyewitness memory for events and a framework to assist in evaluating and weighing the accuracy and completeness of eyewitness accounts; and (3) the general judicial posture toward expert testimony about eyewitness dynamics.
Stairway Uniformity Measurement: What Lateral Location Should Be Measured?
Authors: Jensen Roger C.
Published: September 2018

An experimental study sought to extend understanding of the nosing-to-nosing method for measuring dimensions of steps in a stairway. A human factors expert retained to assist an attorney in a case of injury or death from a stairway fall needs to decide the lateral location for taking the measurements. This experiment was undertaken to provide experts with a justifiable basis for choosing the location. Using a campus stairway and 16 student subjects, a randomized complete block experiment compared their lateral location while performing four tasks—ascending with or without the handrail, and descending with or without the handrail. Results showed task significantly affected lateral distance. Based on findings from this experiment, and some professional judgment, the authors provide recommended ranges for the lateral locations for measuring step dimensions—30 to 38.5 cm for ascending, and 19 to 28 cm for descending.
Amusement Park Guest Injured on a Water Ride: A human factors and biomechanics evaluation
Authors: Vredenburgh Michael J. , Bench Meriel L. , Zackowitz Ilene B. , Runge Kevin , Vredenburgh Alison G.
Published: September 2018

When human factors and biomechanics professionals are retained to evaluate injury accidents, environmental design, hazard management and other relevant issues must be considered to develop opinions. This case study evaluates a forensic human factors and biomechanics case where a woman alleged that a water ride at an amusement park shot pressurized water into her ear, resulting in injuries. When evaluating the case, water droplet data was collected and relevant communication and system design factors were considered, along with the plaintiff’s personal knowledge and habits. This case illustrates when interactive environmental features result in a failure to warn and injuries.
Human Factors and Ergonomics in Diversity, Inclusion and Social Justice Research
Authors: Wooldridge Abigail R. , Nguyen Theresa , Valdez Rupa , Montague Enid , Milner Mattie N. , Dorneich Michael C. , Roscoe Rod
Published: September 2018

The Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Diversity Committee is entering its second year and continuing to explore ways to increase the diversity of the society. Following last year’s panel on “Challenges and Opportunities for Involvement,” we, and others, recognized that human factors and ergonomics (HFE) professionals are equipped and able to advance diversity, inclusion and social justice issues. This panel will bring together researchers to discuss experiences addressing these issues to highlight existing work, spark excitement about conducting new work and share advice. This panel will discuss and share lessons learned in a range of projects, including an HFE approach to studying diversity in academia and applications of user-centered design to address the intersection of technology and bias. Macroergonomics contributes important tools and approaches; the need for collaboration with other disciplines and intersectional thinking will be considered. Finally, venues for scholarship in this area of work will be highlighted.
Elaborating the Human Aspect of the NIST Framework for Cyber-Physical Systems
Authors: Burns Martin , Manganelli Joe , Wollman David , Laurids Boring Ronald , Gilbert Stephen , Griffor Edward , Lee Yi-Ching , Nathan-Roberts Dan , Smith-Jackson Tonya
Published: September 2018

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed a Framework for Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS Framework) that supports system engineering analysis, design, development, operation, validation and assurance of CPS. Cyber-physical systems (CPS) comprise interacting digital, analog, physical, and human components engineered for function through integrated physics and logic. For instance, a city implementing an advanced traffic management system including real-time predictive analytics and adaptation/optimization must consider all aspects of such a CPS system of systems’ functioning and integrations with other systems, including interactions with humans. One Aspect (or grouping of stakeholder concerns) of the CPS Framework is the Human Aspect. NIST is engaging HFES in a panel discussion to elaborate Human Aspect concerns, such as constructs, measures, methods, and tools.
Navigating the Advent of Human-Machine Teaming
Authors: Christopher Brill J. , Cummings M. L. , Evans A.W. , Hancock Peter A. , Lyons Joseph B. , Oden Kevin
Published: September 2018

The objective of this panel was to discuss issues related to human-machine (or human-agent) teaming (HMT). Panelists were selected to represent diverse interests and backgrounds (i.e., defense, industry, and academia). Chris Brill provided opening remarks to frame the discussion and introduce the panelists. He then raised several questions related to HMT, such as what is HMT, what level of autonomy is required for HMT, and how do we develop trust in autonomous teammates that learn, change, and potentially, individuate. Missy Cummings built on the issue of learning systems, addressing challenges of certifying systems that, as a function of learning, may cease to be known quantities. Bill Evans spoke to the need for transparency in human-agent teaming. Joseph Lyons addressed social factors in HMT. Peter Hancock detailed his concerns about whether forays into HMT are even advisable, particularly as doing so may lead to dehumanization, or worse, volitional demotion of humans from our current status as apex lifeforms on Earth. Lastly, Kevin Oden expanded the discussion of trust in autonomous systems, while also providing thoughts on how to best leverage human capabilities in the context of HMT. The panel then turned to facilitated discussion with panelists and audience members, constituting the majority of the session time. The session concluded with panelists summarizing their thoughts on how HF/E professionals can or should play a role in the advent of HMT.
Town Hall on Patient-Centered Human Factors and Ergonomics
Authors: Holden Richard J. , Valdez Rupa S.
Published: September 2018

A central paradigm in the current era of health and healthcare is the centrality of patients, families, and community members in their own health. Patients and other nonprofessionals are increasingly recognized as working independently or in concert with healthcare professionals in an effort to achieve health-related goals. This patient work has been the topic of much recent research in an area of human factors and ergonomics (HFE) we call patient-centered HFE. The town hall on patient-centered HFE draws on the community of healthcare HFE researchers and practitioners to communicate and document the scope of existing work, identify future opportunities, and develop recommendations for future work in this area. The town hall primarily consists of an open floor session with a 40-minute comment period and 40-minute generative exercise to discuss and plan with one another future work in patient-centered HFE.
A Pilot Study Characterising Interruptions Experienced By Emergency Medicine Residents
Authors: Forsyth Katherine L. , Hawthorne Hunter J. , El-Sherif Nibras , Pagel Skylar M. , Blocker Renaldo C.
Published: September 2018

Interruptions in the emergency department (ED) have been studied across multiple clinical roles, with little investigation into how residents experience interruptions. Therefore this pilot study aimed to characterize interruptions experienced by emergency medicine (EM) residents at various post-graduate year (PGY) levels. Observers shadowed ED residents across entire shifts and logged interruptions that affected clinicians into the Workflow Interruption Tool (WIT). Interruption characteristics captured included duration, nature, location, and task priority. Chi-square analysis identified a significant association between interruption type and the interruption priority, p < 0.001. Residents at varying PGY-levels experienced significantly different amounts of interruptions, p=0.013. Observing resident interruptions across the entirety of their shifts identified that as EM residents gain more experience, they are interrupted more often while working in the ED.
Transitioning from one Electronic Health Record (EHR) to Another: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Saleem Jason J. , Herout Jennifer
Published: September 2018

This paper reports the results of a literature review of health care organizations that have transitioned from one electronic health record (EHR) to another. Ten different EHR to EHR transitions are documented in the academic literature. In eight of the 10 transitions, the health care organization transitioned to Epic, a commercial EHR which is dominating the market for large and medium hospitals and health care systems. The focus of the articles reviewed falls into two main categories: (1) data migration from the old to new EHR and (2) implementation of the new EHR as it relates to patient safety, provider satisfaction, and other measures pre-and post-transition. Several conclusions and recommendations are derived from this review of the literature, which may be informative for healthcare organizations preparing to replace an existing EHR. These recommendations are likely broadly relevant to EHR to EHR transitions, regardless of the new EHR vendor.
The Role of Ehrs in Rapid Response Call Outs: A Case Study
Authors: Miller Anne , Hudson Paul , Green Malcolm
Published: September 2018

This study aimed to determine the source of complaints about the poor usability and lack of fit between rapid response documentation screens and rapid response (RR) processes. A modified Contextual Design research approach was implemented to explore RR processes and the congruence between these and RR documentation screens. Participants were 15 consenting clinicians from an orthopaedic ward, a rapid response team and an Intensive Care Unit. Results show that RR team documentation screens do not support clinical work that is integrated, iterative and ongoing. The relaxation of conceptual and EHR technological constraints may facilitate more effective support for clinical work.
Usability Evaluation of Alzheimer’s mHealth Applications for Caregivers
Authors: Brown Janetta , Nam Kim Hyung
Published: September 2018

As the sixth leading cause of death within the United States, Alzheimer’s disease affects over 15 million caregivers administering home-based care for loved ones having this illness. The rise in advocacy for mobile health (mHealth) applications (apps) to facilitate chronic disease management presents a tremendous platform for Alzheimer’s caregivers to utilize mHealth apps while administering care. Although mHealth apps serve as potential healthcare interventions, little is known regarding their usability. This study will advance knowledge on the apps’ usability and provide user-centered design guidelines for future app development. Keyword searches in Apple and Google App Stores yielded 43 Alzheimer’s apps. Card sorting then generated three levels of categories for app classification. Stratified random sampling produced a sample size of six apps selected for review. Lastly, a heuristic evaluation of the six sampled apps was conducted according to Nielsen’s ten usability heuristics. User-centered design guidelines were constructed to remedy problematic usability issues for the intended users of these apps.
Field Investigation of Ambulatory Clinic Exam Room Design with respect to Computing Devices: A Pilot Study
Authors: Saleem Jason J. , Weiler Dustin T. , Satterly Tyler , Nussbaum Maury A. , Chumbler Neale R. , Fischer Gary M. , Rehman Shakaib U.
Published: September 2018

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has developed a new exam room design standard that is intended to facilitate a greater degree of patient centeredness. This new design includes a wall-mounted monitor on an armature system and a moveable table workspace. To date, however, this design has not been formally evaluated in a field setting. We conducted observations and interviews with primary care providers and their patients from three locations within the Phoenix VA Health Care System, in a pilot study comparing the new exam room design standard with the older legacy exam rooms. When using the new exam room layout, providers spent a greater proportion of time focused on the patient, spent more time in screen-sharing activities with the patient, and had a higher degree of self-reported situation awareness. However, the legacy exam rooms were perceived as better facilitating workflow integration. Provider and patient debrief interviews were supportive of the new exam room design. Overall, our field study results suggest that the new exam room design does contribute to a greater degree of patient centeredness, though more thorough evaluations are required to support these preliminary results.
European Survey Study Among Plastic/Breast Surgeons on the Use of and Opinion Toward Autologous Fat Transfer: With Emphasis on Breast Surgery
Authors: Groen Jan-Willem , Piatkowski Andrzej A. , Sawor John H. , Wilschut Janneke A. , Ritt Marco J. P. F. , van der Hulst Rene R. J. W.
Published: September 2018

Objective. The aim of this study is to examine the experience of European surgeons on autologous fat transfer (AFT) and highlight differences between countries and levels of experience. Background Data. The popularity of AFT causes an increase in sophisticated scientific research and clinical implementation. While results from the former are well-documented, important aspects of the latter are far less recognized. Methods. An international survey study about surgeon background, besides AFT familiarity, technique, and opinion, was distributed among surgeons from 10 European countries. The differences between countries and levels of experience were analyzed using a logistic regression model. Results. The mean respondent age, out of the 358 completed questionnaires, was 46 years. Ninety-seven percent of the respondents were plastic surgeons, who practiced AFT mostly in breast surgery and considered themselves experienced with the technique. The thigh and abdomen were less favored harvest locations by the Belgium and French respondents, respectively, and both the French and Austrian respondents preferred manual aspiration over liposuction in harvesting the fat. Despite minor differences between countries and experience, the intraglandular space was injected in all subgroups. Conclusions. The expanding use of AFT in Europe will lead to more experience and heterogeneity regarding the technique. However, despite an obvious adherence to Coleman’s method, deviations thereof become more apparent. An important example of such a deviation is the ongoing practice of intraglandular AFT despite being a contraindication in various European guidelines. These unsafe practices should be avoided until scientific clarification regarding oncological safety is obtained and should therefore be the focus of surgeon education in Europe.
Model-assisted extended state observer-based computed torque control for trajectory tracking of uncertain robotic manipulator systems
Authors: Chen Chao , Zhang Chengrui , Hu Tianliang , Ni Hepeng , Luo WeiChao
Published: September 2018

Computed torque control is an effective control scheme for trajectory tracking of robotic manipulators. However, computed torque control requires precise dynamic models of robotic manipulators and is severely affected by uncertain dynamics. Thus, a new scheme that combines a computed torque control and a novel model-assisted extended state observer is developed for the robust tracking control of robotic manipulators subject to structured and unstructured uncertainties to overcome the disadvantages of computed torque control and exploit its merits. The model-assisted extended state observer is designed to estimate and compensate these uncertain dynamics as a lumped disturbance online, which further improves the disturbance rejection property of a robotic system. Global uniform ultimate boundedness stability with an exponential convergence of a closed-loop system is verified through Lyapunov method. Simulations are performed on a two degree-of-freedom manipulator to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed controller.
Construct proliferation in leadership style research
Authors: Bormann Kai C. , Rowold Jens
Published: September 2018

Given the steady increase in new leadership models and approaches introduced to the field, we provide a systematic review on the topic of construct proliferation in the leadership style literature. Construct proliferation suggests that newly designed constructs are too similar to existing ones and, consequently, lack discriminant validity. In our review, we tackle the issue of construct proliferation from two perspectives. First, we present explanations and evidence indicating construct proliferation. Then, we take the opposing stance and provide arguments (as well as empirical evidence) against it. This comparison results in a discussion in which we provide cues for future leadership style research that builds on the realization that we need a more nuanced awareness of where construct proliferation exists and where it does not.
Electrical stimulation devices for the prevention of venous thromboembolism: Preliminary studies of physiological efficacy and user satisfaction
Authors: Badger James , Taylor Paul , Papworth Neil , Swain Ian
Published: September 2018

Introduction

Electrical stimulation could provide an alternative method for preventing venous thromboembolism in stroke patients. The purpose of this preliminary study was to explore the effects of electrical stimulation and intermittent pneumatic compression on enhancing lower limb venous return in healthy and chronic stroke patients and also to evaluate patient and nurse satisfaction.

Methods

We investigated the effectiveness of two electrical stimulation devices: Geko (Firstkind Ltd, High Wycombe, UK) and Orthopaedic Microstim 2V2 (Odstock Medical Ltd, Salisbury, UK); and one intermittent pneumatic compression device: Huntleigh Flowstron Universal (Huntleigh Healthcare Ltd, Cardiff, UK). We recruited 12 healthy and 5 chronic stroke participants. The devices were fitted sequentially, and Doppler ultrasound measurements were taken. Eight patients and nurses were also recruited for a separate usability evaluation.

Results

The electrical stimulation devices emulated the blood flow characteristics of intermittent pneumatic compression in both healthy and stroke participants provided that the intensity of electrical stimulation was sufficient. Patients and nurses also felt that the electrical stimulation devices were acceptable.

Conclusions

Electrical stimulation may offer benefit as an alternative method for venous thromboembolism prevention in stroke patients. The apparent benefit is sufficient to warrant further investigation in a full powered randomised controlled trial.
A look into German housing markets: A bubble call?
Authors: Kim Jan R. , Lim Gieyoung
Published: September 2018

The steep rise in German house prices in recent years raises the question of whether a speculative bubble has already emerged. Using a modified present-value model, we estimate the size of speculative house price bubbles in the German housing market. We do not find evidence for positive bubble accumulation in recent years, and interpret the current bullish run as reflecting the correction of house prices that have been undervalued for more than 10 years. With house prices close to their fair values as of 2018:Q1, our answer to the question is, ‘Not yet, but it is likely soon’.
Parivar Raj (Rule of Family): The Role of Money and Force in the Making of Dynastic Authority
Authors: Michelutti Lucia
Published: September 2018

This article explores the making of a political dynasty in action in a district in western Uttar Pradesh. The founder of the dynasty is a dabang: a self-made violent political entrepreneur. It is argued that the figure of the dabang offers a special ethnographic entry point to contrast forms of power that are achieved versus forms of power that are acquired (inherited) and examines the existing tensions between paternalistic and autonomous models of power. Importantly, such exercise highlights the challenges that dabangs have in cultivating their individual charismatic authority and simultaneously establishing their Parivar Raj (rule of family) by using force and money. On the whole, the presented case study helps us to reflect on the very diverse ways in which dynasties form and work according to the type of authority that is passed through generations.
From Jan Sunwai to Rajasthan Right to Hearing Act 2012: Fostering Transparency and Accountability through Citizen Engagement
Authors: Agrawal Vidhi , Nair Hari
Published: September 2018

This study examines the evolution of the movement for transparency towards redressing grievances and holding public servants accountable to the people. It explains how three legislations—Right to Information Act (RTI, India, 2005), Rajasthan Guaranteed Delivery of Public Services Act (RGDPS, 2011) and the Right to Hearing Act (RTH, Rajasthan, 2012)—form part of a continuum in the people’s struggle for transparency. The analysis of the three acts as a continuum is significant because together these are gradually changing the administration-centric Indian polity into a citizen-centric one. If the RTI Act ensured an informed citizenry, the RGDPS Act recognized the government’s duty to provide public services and the RTH Act guaranteed that the people were heard by the government. This right to hearing may be traced back to the Jan Sunwai, which was a pivotal forum in the struggle for transparency because it functioned as a dialogical space between the people and the state, as well as a forum for social auditing and civic engagement. Of late however, the Jan Sunwai is being transformed by digital technology. This transformation poses the challenge of converting a participatory polity alive with people’s voices into a transactional state regimented by technology.