bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insect pest in rice field with legumes embankment applied by Beauveria bassiana vuill
Authors: Fitri  , Aminah S N , Abdullah T , Widarawati R , Annisa N W
Published: July 2021

The objectives of research is to determine the diversity of insect pests in rice fields and the effect of B. bassiana spraying around the ecosystem. The collection and observation of pest populations in rice and legumes embankments was held in Mappadaelo village, Tanasitolo District, Wajo Regency, South Sulawesi. Experiments used Mekongga rice varieties in four different fields with a distance between rice fields of around 200 - 300 m. Legumes in the embankment was planted a week after planting rice, the types of legumes: green beans, long beans and cowpeas. The research used Randomized Block Design eight treatment and four replication. Observation of pest insect of rice started from 14 days after planting used ten sample of legume plant in embankment (five samples legumes without B. bassiana spraying and five samples of plants sprayed B. bassiana). The insects were collected on the embankment used D-Vac, then the sample put in a bottle contain alcohol 70%. The interval collected sample used D-Vac was seven days. The results was showed the diversity of insect pests in rice field without spraying B. bassiana was 2.48 with the highest diversity index in treatment P1 of 0.71. The lowest insect diversity index on plants in rice field without B. bassiana spray as P3 treatment of 0.65. The diversity of pest insect in rice fields sprayed with B. bassiana was 2.28. The highest diversity index was found in treatment P7 of 0.75. The lowest insect diversity index in rice fields sprayed with B. bassiana was treatment P6 of 0.45. The conclusion of the study spraying the entomopathogenic fungi B. bassiana affected the diversity index of pest insect attacked rice plant.
Farmers knowledge on pesticide management practices: A case study of shallot growers in Palu, Indonesia
Authors: Jaya K , Ratnawati R , Asman A , Arfan A
Published: July 2021

Pesticide is one of the most common methods of pests and diseases control applied in a developing country. Knowledge of pesticide management is significant for effective application. The purpose of the study is to determine the knowledge of farmers about pesticide management practices on shallot crops in Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study was conducted from October 2017 to February 2018. This quantitative and survey research was used respondents of 30 farmers in two locations: Duyu and Bayaoge in Tatanga District, Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Commonly, the respondents working on the shallot field. The data quantification using the ordinal scale, then univariate analysis for frequency distribution and bivariate analysis to determine the correlation of two variables. The results were showed there no significant effect between farmers’ knowledge about pesticides and the actions of farmers in the use of pesticides. Increasing knowledge about pesticides cannot be expected to change wise actions in using pesticides in pest control.
Analysis of red chilli drying kinetics affected by low-temperature long time blanching
Authors: Lestari N , Samsuar
Published: July 2021

The drying kinetics of red chillies in the effect of low-temperature long time blanching were investigated. The blanching process was carried out at 70 °C for 10, 15, and 20 minutes. The drying process lasts for 32 to 35 hours to reduce the moisture content from 82.24% (wb) to 8.84% (wb). The experimental data were fitted to three mathematical models of thin-layer drying, namely the Henderson and Pabis, Lewis, and Page models. The result shows that the Page model is the most suitable model for predicting moisture ratio in chilli drying with low-temperature long time blanching treatment. This suitability is evidenced by the highest R2 value, which ranges from 0.9709 to 0.9786, and also the lowest RMSE and MBE values range from 0.0503 to 0.0579 and 0.0025 to 0.0034, respectively. Meanwhile, the effective moisture diffusivity varies from 5.6300 × 10−9 m2/s to 6.5662 × 10−9 m2/s for the treatments studied.
The analysis of water loses in the secondary channels of Bissua irrigation
Authors: Achmad M , Samsuar S , Maulidya R
Published: July 2021

This research aims to analyze the correlation between water efficiency, water losses, and channel density in the secondary channels of Bissua irrigation and figure them spatially. Channel was sampled purposively for different dense of a channel in the area based on irrigation channel map. The water inflow and outflow were measured in the selected segmented channels. Discharges, evaporation, and seepage data were used to determine water losses and their efficiencies. Spatial mapping was processed using ArcGIS 10.4 to figure the location of channels with their value of efficiencies and losses. The result shows that losses and efficiency range from 1.2 to 4.7 ×10-4 m3/s/m and 40 to 90%, respectively. The variation of channel density from 0.03 to 0.25 km/km2 found a negative exponential correlation between water efficiency, water losses, and channel density. In addition, water losses also have a positive correlation to the width of channels.
The effect of soaking sago starch in acetate acids on the whiteness degree of sago flour
Authors: Yumeina Diyah , Adil Suci , Samsuar
Published: July 2021

Sago flour soaking is one way to improve the white of sago that tends to turn brown and reddish because of the phenolase enzyme activity in sago. Some studies suggest that acetic acid can impede the encephalic tanning reaction that occurs in sago. This study aims to identify the characteristics of sago flour obtained from sago starch soaking in acetate solutions and to get the best of the sago flour. The method of this study uses Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors, namely variations of submersion time (2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours) and the acetic acid (CH3COOH) concentration (0%, 0,1%, 0,25%). The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% significance level. Sago flour soaking with acetic acid has a significant effect on the quality of sago flour, such as the degree of whiteness, water content, and acidic level. The longer it takes to submerge and the higher the concentration of acetic acid, the degree of white, water content, and degree of acid sago flour also increases. All the results of this research qualified the quality requirements of sago flour according to the quality standard of sago flour.
Community readiness on managing agroforestry of candlenut and coffee
Authors: Rachman Imran , Umar Syukur , Malik Adam , Aslam Dienul , Pribadi Hendra
Published: July 2021

Local communities around the Lore Lindu National Park have practiced agroforestry, including candlenut and coffee, which benefited not only for the livelihood of the communities but also for conservation of the national park area. This study aims to analyze the community readiness by the actors of each agroforestry system as a reference for the development of the two agroforestry systems. Based on the CRM approach, the community of candlenut agroforestry actors had a higher level of readiness (6.2 and 5.1) compared to coffee agroforestry actors have (4,9 and 4,7). The t-test analysis shows the difference between the five CRM dimensions. Those indicate that knowledge is significantly different between the readiness level of both the candlenut and coffee agroforestry communities. The value of the knowledge dimension in the candlenut agroforestry community is greater than the readiness value of the coffee agroforestry community. The knowledge factor is the most critical dimension to get attention in the agroforestry development effort.
Technology intervention to unleash the flavor potential of arabica coffee from Sulawesi highland
Authors: Salengke S. , Hasizah A. , Reta  , Mochtar A. A.
Published: July 2021

Coffee is arguably the most popular drink in the world after water and it is estimated that global coffee consumption exceeds 2 billion cups every day. Today, coffee is not only consumed for pleasure but it is also used as a catalyst for social gatherings and networking. This is due to the fact that coffee can provide pleasurable taste and aroma. In order to optimize these organoleptic properties, technology interventions during postharvest processing are needed to unleash the potential flavor in coffee beans. This study was done to address this issue, especially for improving flavor and aroma potential of arabica coffee beans from Enrekang and Tanah Toraja in the highland of Sulawesi. Technology interventions in the form of fermentation (wet process) and drying were carried out and flavor notes and aroma were assessed through cup test. The results indicated that cup test scores can be improved and different flavor notes can be generated through different processing conditions.
Drilled wells water level data recording system for irrigation of rainfed rice using Arduino and pressure sensor
Authors: Sapsal Muhammad Tahir , Suhardi  , Munir Ahmad , Sasmito Dewi Pratiwi
Published: July 2021

The use of groundwater is one of the alternatives used to increase productivity in rainfed rice fields. Various researches and technologies have been developed to suppress the negative effects of overuse of groundwater. One important parameter is the change in the water level around the well during the pumping process, which is observed through the observation well. For that, we need an instrument to measure changes in water level in real-time. This instrument was developed using the HDL 300 submersible liquid level sensor, which utilizes pressure changes from the water level. To connect the sensor with the Arduino Uno microcontroller module using the HW685 Module. The calibration results show that the linearity of the change in the sensor value to the change in the water level reaches 99% following the equation y = 86.297x + 73.522.
Groundwater and reservoirs interaction in its use for irrigation, Case study: Wajo Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Suhardi  , Setiawan Budi Indra , Munir Ahmad , Sapsal Muhammad Tahir
Published: July 2021

The use of groundwater for irrigation in the Wajo Regency has been going on since the 2000s. The use of groundwater has the potential to cause high production costs, which can reduce farmers’ income. The Government of Wajo Regency provided a solution to this problem through the reservoir development program. However, the impact of the construction of reservoirs on environmental conservation is not yet known. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research that aims to determine reservoirs’ effect to fulfill plant water needs and their impact on the environment. The study was conducted by direct measurement in the field of the observed variables. Some data are obtained in real-time using sensors such as rainfall, groundwater level changes, surface water level, and evaporation data. Data were analyzed using the water balance approach. The results showed that the construction of reservoirs to meet the water needs of plants could reduce the radius of the influence of groundwater extraction for irrigation which has so far reached 50-100 m, as well as reducing the decrease in groundwater level during pumping, which originally reached more than 5 m. The reservoir can increase the groundwater level as indicated by the increase that occurs when the surface water level increases.
Usability testing of an android application of tractor distribution information system (GIS Tractor)
Authors: Kresna Andi B , Achmad M , Iqbal  , Hanifa A P
Published: July 2021

An android application for tractor system information, namely GIS Tractor, was launched recently. As a new application, it needs usability testing as a part of an assessment. Usability level can affect the ease of use of an application. This study was conducted to measure the acceptability of GIS Tractor based on USE questionnaire evaluation (Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Ease of Use). Online questionnaires are used as a research instrument constructed as five-point Likert rating scales to rate a set of statements. The results showed that GIS Tractor had met the five aspects of usability testing. The use of the GIS tractor android application can assist the user in locating the distribution of tractor within Maros Regency faster than the manual system.
Identification of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in rhizosphere of bamboo thorns with gram methylene blue and lugol staining
Authors: Hardiansyah M Y , Musa Y , Jaya A M
Published: July 2021

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria is a group of mirorooganisms that can increase plant growth and yield through reactions that occur in the soil, however, the large number of microorganisms contained in the PGPR rhizosphere of bamboo thorns makes it difficult to know which bacteria are the most dominant and most active in influencing plants. Generally, gram staining of bacteria aims to facilitate the observation of bacterial morphology with the aid of a microscope. Bacteria are generally colorless and almost invisible due to the lack of contrast with the water in which they may be present. Staining using methylene blue and lugol is generally needed to see the bacteria clearly. This study aims to determine the effect of using the gram stain test method with methylene blue and lugol in identifying PGPR bacteria from rhizosphere of bamboo thorn. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Biological Fertilizers and Potential Microbes, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University in October-December 2019. The research methods included the manufacture of microorganism planting media, pouring media, planting bacteria using the scatter and scratch method, and the gram reaction test using methylene blue and lugol. The results obtained showed that the use of the gram test with methylene blue and lugol resulted in a blue color which indicated the dominance of the genus Pseudomonas, while the pink/purple color indicated the dominance of the genus Bacillus. Changes in the color of the bacteria to pink/dark purple, the bacteria were gram negative and belong to the Pseudomonas group and there was a change in blue, so the bacteria were gram-positive and were group of Bacillus. Therefore, the use of the gram test with methylene blue and lugol has an optimal effect in detecting microorganisms especially in identifying PGPR.
The effect of explant size and addition of antiviral ribavirin on proliferation of meristematic potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Karjadi A K , Waluyo N
Published: July 2021

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) belongs to Solanacearum genus which is vegetatively propagated through tubers or cuttings. Viral systemic diseases are an important disease that can be carried within seeds. Conventional techniques of tissue culture when combined with chemotherapy can eliminate systemic diseases, especially viruses. Research activity was carried out in the tissue culture laboratory of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI) from April until November 2018. The study was aimed to observe the effect of (1) antiviral Ribavirin concentrations (0; 5; 10 mg l−1) added into MS medium supplemented with GA3 0.15 mg l−1, kinetin 0.1 mg l−1, Calsium panthothenate 2 mg l−1, Myo inositol 100 mg l−1, coconut water 100 ml l−1, sucrose 30 g l−1, agar 6.5 g l−1, pH 5.7; and (2) genotypic difference of given varieties i.e. Granola, Median and Atlantic to the growth and development of the meristematic tissue (E1), shoot tip (E2). The results showed that growth percentage and development of meristematic shoot at 4 weeks after treatment was 50 – 80%, contamination rate was 20 – 50%; the percentage of normal growth was 40 – 50%, average number of shoots was 0.25 – 0.95, the number of nodes was 0.35 – 2.50, roots 0.20 – 0.93; while visual observation of antiviral Ribavirin on MS medium showed influences on growth where explants of shoot tip growth was better than meristem of the three varieties studied.
Radiosensitivity of post-gamma irradiated Indigofera zollingeriana
Authors: Khaerani P I , Musa Y , Sjahril R , Nadir M
Published: July 2021

Gamma Irradiation by employing gamma-ray enables genetic transformation to produce the target gene activation functioning as a productivity determinant. A number of studies had found that the employment of gamma-ray is capable in improving the plant’s tolerance against drought treatment of irradiation. The purpose of this study was to determine the Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) and Reduction Dose 50 (RD50) of Indigofera zollingeriana post gamma irradiated. The irradiation dosage consisted of 0Gy (control, 50 Gy, 100 Gy, 150 Gy, and 200 Gy. Each dose consisted of 250 seeds were sown in the tray for 2 weeks after germination to determine the values of LD50 and RD50. Each LD50 and RD50 value of the Indigofera seeds was determined by processing the data on the survival rate of the radiation dose treatment survival rate using the Curve Expert 1.3 program. The observed parameter encompassed the germination percentage, seedling length, and seedling vigor index. This research shows the percentage of germination showed a value of 45.125 + 0.11 X -0.0006 x2 with LD50 = 320. 282 Gy; seedling length = 4.156 - 0.00472 X, with RD50= 406.356 Gy; and Seedling vigor index = 153.916 - 0.31244 X with RD50 = 246.435 Gy.
Tolerance response of ten chili genotypes under the limited watering condition
Authors: Gaswanto R , Gunaeni N
Published: July 2021

Ten chili genotypes of germplasm collection had been evaluated under limited watering conditions. The objective of the research was to know the mechanism response of each treated genotype under limited watering conditions. The research was conducted from February to December 2017 at Indonesia Vegetables Research Institute, Lembang (1,250 m sal). A randomized complete design (RCD) was used as a research design with three replications. There were 20 treatments which combination between 10 chili genotypes with limited (interval per six days) or unlimited watering (per daily). The seedlings were planted in plastic pots with a mixture of media soil:sand = 1:2, then be applied treatments. The population number of each genotype per treatment was 15 plants/replication. The results showed that AN and 238 were a better tolerance level than other genotypes under-treated limited watering conditions by some mechanisms, i.e the smallest change in total chlorophyll, but increase in proline content, and reduction in leaf area index and stomata number. Moreover, genotype 238 also developed effectivity water absorption by root elongation at untreated stress conditions. Hence the results could determine a good strategy for each genotype to be improved as a new tolerant variety in water deficiency conditions.
Agronomic characteristics of elite soybean lines and the response to pod shattering
Authors: Krisnawati A , Baliadi Y , Yusnawan E , Wijanarko A , Adie M M
Published: July 2021

The soybean productivity can be increased simultaneously by improving the genetic potential and saving the yield losses due to pod shattering. The research aimed to evaluate the agronomic characters and seed yield of 14 soybean elite lines and two check varieties, and to identify their resistance to pod shattering. The experiment was conducted in two stages, i.e. field, and laboratory research. The field experiment was conducted in Mojokerto (East Java, Indonesia) from February to May 2019, and arranged in a randomized block design using 16 soybean genotypes with four replications. The pod shattering resistance was evaluated using the oven-dry method in the laboratory of ILETRI, Malang. The agronomic characters of days to flowering, days to maturity, 100 seed weight, and seed yield were significantly different among genotypes, meanwhile, the other agronomic characters (plant height, number of nodes, number of branches, number of empty pods, number of filled pods, seed weight per plant) were not significantly different. The range of seed yield of 14 elite lines was 2.76 – 3.14 t/ha, and the check varieties of Anjasmoro and Gema were 2.56 t/ha and 2.76 t/ha, respectively. All elite lines have a large seed size but medium maturity. The shattering evaluation obtained two resistant lines and twelve elite lines as very susceptible to pod shattering. Combination of the characters of high yield (based on the LSI value) and shattering resistance resulted in two elite lines with high yield and shatter-resistant, and eleven high yielding lines but susceptible to pod shattering. Those elite lines could be recommended for varietal development, but with the implication that the high yielded lines and susceptible to shattering need to be harvested immediately after maturity, thus were suggested to be developed in areas with no labor scarcity. On the contrary, it was possible to delay harvest for the resistant elite lines without causing significant yield losses.
Sterility of 20 F1 genotypes derived from hybridization of several chilli’s lines with M1 male sterile
Authors: Gaswanto R
Published: July 2021

Open pollinated (OP) chili varieties seeds had been irradiated previously by gamma rays (400-600 Gy) to obtain four M1 sterile plants for this study. These sterile plants could be used as a breeding material for F1 male sterile hybrid variety. The purpose was to evaluate sterility of 20 F1 genotypes derived from hybridization of several chili’s lines with four M1 sterile plants. The research was conducted at Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute, Lembang (1,250 m above sea level) from April to December 2018. The research used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Population of each evaluated F1 genotype was 10 plants/replication. Sterility trait evaluation was observed by fruit setting ability of various flower’s grouping positions (lower, middle, upper) on each F1 genotype. Results show that there was one genotype categorized as sterile, one genotype as partial sterile, thirtheen genotypes as partial fertile, and five genotypes as fertile lines. Genotype 04 could be selected as a maintainer, whereas genotype RG-1 as a restorer line. Sterility of partial sterile lines with unstable trait could be increased by isolating and collecting the gene pool using back cross technique between their F1 progenies with maintainer lines for at least five generations.
Rice grain quality evaluation in some promising lines of swamp and upland rice
Authors: Handoko D D , Hairmansis A , Hermanasari R , Rumanti I A , Susanto U , Sitaresmi T , Nugraha Y
Published: July 2021

The research aimed to determine the rice grain quality of some promising lines from the advanced breeding generation of swamp rice and upland rice. The research material was 43 rice grain samples from the multilocation test sites of swamp rice (16 rice lines, 3 check varieties) and upland rice (20 rice lines, 4 check varieties) harvested in 2018. All rough rice samples were analyzed for the rough rice physical quality, milled rice physical quality, milling quality, physicochemical quality, and organoleptic quality (scoring test and hedonic test). The results showed that in general, the promising lines of swamp rice had higher values of unpolished rice yield, polished rice yield, head rice percentage, and protein content than those of upland rice. In addition, the promising lines of swamp rice had lower empty rough rice and immature+chalky grain than those of upland rice lines. Among the promising lines of swamp rice, B13926E-KA-43, B13931E-KA-33, and BP30400F-KA-5 had the highest head rice percentage, unpolished rice yield, and polished rice yield, whereas, among the promising lines of upland rice, B15392D-KR-12, B15511D-KR-20, and B15514D-KR-5 had the highest head rice percentage, unpolished rice yield, and polished rice yield.
Growth and results test of adaptive superior rice varieties through integrated components in the rainfed of Central Java
Authors: Susila A , Oelviani R , Haryanto W , Winarni E , Jauhari S
Published: July 2021

The study aims to find new adaptive rice varieties with superior potential that was core out in three districts in 2016 growing season. The study area was 2,000 m2 each involving farmer cooperators. The assessment method used was the on farm research participant (OFCOR) approach in the demonstrations plot area. The superior varieties tested were Inpari 30, Inpari 10, Mekongga, and Ciherang variety as comparison. The parameters observed included the variability of plant growth and yields component, pest attack, and farmers response. The analytical method used was ANOVA to compare the mean of each tested variable using the Least Significance Difference (LSD) advanced test. The results show that the diversity of the new superior variety of Inpari 30 by applying the integrated components provided the highest growth performance and yield compared to the Ciherang variety, that is commonly planted by farmers, with an increase of 1.9 t/ha (36.5%) GKG and the Mekongga 1.7 t/ha (32%) GKG. The lowest yields were obtained for the Inpari to variety of 5.1 t/ha GKG and Ciherang. Mekongga and Inpari 30 had the same chance to be adapted more quickly by farmers because it provides increased yields and has the potential to be developed as site specific land.
Effect of Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica L.) root extract on earthworms, arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi spore, and growth of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) for local Kambowa variety
Authors: Kilowasid L M H , Hasmar L O J , Afa L O , Sutariati G A K , Namriah  , Rakian T C
Published: July 2021

Earthworms have the ability to create new conditions in the soil environment and modulate the growth of beneficial soil microbial populations. Imperata releases exudate which creates less suitable soil conditions for growing food crops and horticulture. This study aims to: (i) study the effect of the concentration of cogongrass root extract on the abundance of earthworms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spores-(ii) to determine the effect of the soil-extract mixture engineered using earthworms on the upland rice growth for local Kambowa variety. The first experiment, extracts of cogongrass roots were made into five concentration levels, namely 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. Each concentration was mixed with soil from cogongrass land in a different vermireactor. In reactor, earthworms were released that had emptied their stomach contents, and were allowed to manipulate the mixture until the vemicast covered part of the soil surface. As a result, the total earthworms in all reactors were relatively the same, and the total spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soil treated with a concentration of 60% was the most. The second experiment, the upland rice seedlings were grown on engineered soils. The differences in height, leaf area, number of tillers, panicle length, and total spikelet’s per panicle were significantly, except for leaves number, wet weight, dry weight, and percentage of spikelet filled. In conclusion, earthworms as potential ecosystem engineers are utilized in ecological engineering of soil quality in land dominated by reeds vegetation for the development of upland rice cultivation areas, particularly the local varieties of Kambowa.
Forage tree legumes and sustainable upland farming in Timor Island – Indonesia
Authors: Ngongo Y , Hau D K , Kotta N , Nulik J
Published: July 2021

Upland farmers in semi-arid region of Timor Island have frequently facing low and uncertain food crops production and chronic forage shortage during long dry season limiting livestock (cattle) production. This study explores forage development, particularly Leucaena and the dynamics of upland farming management among farmer groups in West Timor – Indonesia. The study mostly use forage data of ACIAR and AIAT-ENT collaboration research on forage development, particularly Leucaena conducted in ENT. The data were mostly analysed descriptively. The study showed that adoption of forage legume innovation, particularly Leucaena by upland farmers have solved forage shortage problem during long dry season in semi-arid region of Timor Island, it allowed farmers to do cattle fattening/shortening fattening period and improving crops (maize) production. Drawing on information regarding traditional farming (mixed-cropping) practices for food crops production and traditional local agro-forestry (Mamar) for perennial crops production, the research suggested that incorporated forage tree legume of Leucaena into both traditional farming system can improve/sustain crops and cattle production as well as environment.
Effect of integrated technology for fattening beef cattle in the livestock zone of North Sulawesi
Authors: Ifada Ratri Retno , Paat Paulus C , Yusuf
Published: July 2021

This on-farm study aims to increase beef cattle productivity by utilizing integrated technology packages for local cattle fattening with a target of at least 800g/head daily gain. This study was carried out in the Minahasa Selatan district from August to October 2018. The integrated technology package for the fattening business pattern included: (1) complete feed, (2) intensive maintenance in multi-purpose cages, and (3) eradication of complete parasites. A complete feed is formulated in a balanced feed consisting of ammoniated rice straw and concentrate locally. The amount of dry matter concentrate was given per head is 1.5% of body weight (50% total consumption), while the ammoniated straw was ad libitum. For multipurpose cages, the upper part is equipped with a multipurpose tower as a barn while simultaneously serving straw, ad libitum, and continuous. Complete eradication of parasites using broad-spectrum anti-parasites to eradicate endoparasites that attack digestive tissues and other internal organs and ectoparasites to control the skin worms and eyeworms, cattle grubs, mange mites, sucking lice, sand tampans, and ticks. This study used fifteen local PO bulls fattened with an initial body weight of an average of 278.4 kg (± 54.34) with an observation period of 12 weeks. The observations showed that the average daily gain was 1,158 g/head, feed consumption 8,358 kg DM/head/day, and feed conversion ratio of 7.56. In contrast, the results of the business feasibility analysis showed a BCR coefficient of 1.69. The results of statistical analysis showed that the average weight gain increased significantly (p <0.01) after utilizing integrated fattening technology (308.8vs278.4 kg). It was concluded that the use of integrated technology for cattle fattening in beef cattle could increase productivity significantly and economically feasible.
Farmer group empowerment in developing joint venture (Study case at Karya Jasa 3 Group in Kendal)
Authors: Wulanjari M E , Cempaka I G , Jatuningtyas R K , Ambarsari I
Published: July 2021

This study aims to obtain an effective strategy for group empowerment in increasing joint efforts. The Karya Jasa 3 group in Kaliyoso-Kendal was the object of the present study. Data were collected from March to June 2020. The data taken included assets owned by farmer groups, group businesses, and group cash financial data. Data were collected through interviews with farmer group leaders and direct observation in the field. The data obtained were analyzed in an explanative manner. The results show that the group empowerment carried out was to build a joint business, in the form of an economic business unit which included: 1) Seed business; 2) Agricultural machine tool service unit; 3) Marketing of agricultural product; 4) Savings and loan business; and 5) Agricultural production supply store. The joint venture that has been built has been able to provide benefits for group members. Business profit was divided as follows: 70% for the group and 30% for members. Benefits for members are used to increase togetherness in the form of social activities. It was found that the strategic approach of empowering farmer groups in joint ventures should not only focus on productive business but also on social activities. Therefore, it was a portion of business profit used for recreation, religious events, or traditional occasions.
Growth performance of Bali Cattle with Lamtoro Taramba (Leucaena leucocephala) feed in Kupang Regency, Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Achadri Y , Hau D K , Nulik J , Matitaputty P R
Published: July 2021

This research aimed to develop a Bali cattle farming system in Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) with Lamtoro Taramba feed’s main base. The research was conducted in the Raknamo farmer group, Kupang Regency, Nusa Tenggara Timur. The livestock used in this study were 8 (eight) Bali cattle, age 12-15 months, with an average initial body weight of 134.38 – 146,63 kg. The observation activity was to collect data on Bali cattle’s body weight, which were given the main feed of Lamtoro Taramba for three months and always feed available in cattle-shed, then calculated the daily body weight gain. The research results showed that Bali cattle’s average body weight from the first month of observation is 134.38 kg, the second month is 140,69 kg, the third month is 146,63 kg. The results of the research showed for the daily bodyweight gain from the first to second month (ADG 1) was 0.18 kg/day, the third month increased (ADG 2) by 0.19 kg/day; the statistical data was significant (P < 0.05). So, the daily body weight gain of Bali cattle increases with Lamtoro Taramba main feed.
A comparative feasibility study of organic and conventional vegetable farming in Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Fachrista I A , Irham  , Masyhuri  , Suryantini A
Published: July 2021

The objective of this study is to compare the feasibility of organic and conventional vegetable farming. The research was conducted from February to August 2018 in Getasan Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The survey involved 120 vegetable farmers; 60 organic farmers, and 60 conventional farmers. The data were analyzed by financial analysis. The t-test was used to determine the difference between the feasibility of organic and conventional vegetable farming. The results showed that organic vegetable farmers receive higher revenues, incomes, and benefit than conventional farmers. Organic vegetable farming also more feasible than conventional vegetable farming.
Provision of location-specific agricultural waste feed to Sumba Ongole cattle’s performance
Authors: Ratnawaty S , Rubianti A , Achadri Y , Matitaputty P R
Published: July 2021

The study focuses on the feeding of by products on the performance of Sumba Ongole cattle. The byproduct is in the form of concentrate and originates from the site-specific agricultural leftover. The expected goal is that Sumba Ongole cattle can optimally achieve their genetic potential. The research location was in East Sumba Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, which is the source of local Ongole cattle. The study used 15 Sumba Ongole cows consisting of seven pregnant cows, four male calves, and four female calves. Basal feed uses rice straw, while the agricultural byproduct consists of several sources, rice bran, peanut straw, corn straw, corncob, leaves of river tamarind, leaves of Gliricidia sepium, and cassava. The results showed that the average change in body weight of broodstock cattle receiving concentrated treatment was higher than those that received bran. On an in-vitro basis, this is consistent with high crude fiber content (36%), low dry matter digestibility (25%), and low bran organic matter digestibility (27%). For the average weight gain in calves, the local concentrate treatment consistently shows crude protein as much as 12.1% compared to rice brand 5.6%. To improve the cattle’s productivity, giving the local-based concentrate is highly recommended, but the presence of rice bran still critical because of its ability to improve daily weight gain and also its high digestibility in dry matter, organic matter, and Total Digestible Nutrients.
Diversify the processing of chayote (Sechium edule) into dodol to increase its added value
Authors: Arief R W , Soraya  , Tambunan R D , Asnawi R , Abdullah N
Published: July 2021

Chayote (Sechium edule) or often called jipang or labu siam in Indonesian, is generally consumed by the public as a vegetable. If the harvest is abundant, the chayote’s price will be low; thus, many of the chayotes are left alone or thrown away or become livestock feed. The chayote processing into “dodol” is an alternative to overcome the abundance of chayote during the harvest season so that the chayote farmers still have a decent income from their chayote farming. This research was conducted in Bernung Village, Gedong Tataan District, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province, from October to December 2018. The parameters observed were the content of water, ash, crude fiber, fat, protein, carbohydrate, vitamin C, energy levels, consumer preference (color, flavor, taste, and stickiness), and economic analysis of the chayote dodol. The results of this research showed that the chayote dodol contained complete nutritional content, i.e., water (20.07%), ash (1.26%), crude fiber (1.18%), fat (3.09%), protein (2.15%), carbohydrate (72.24%), vitamin C (0.46 mg/g), and energy (701.03 cal/g). Moreover, consumer acceptance for the color, flavor, taste, and stickiness were excellent, with an average score of > 4 (very like) and very feasible to develop into commercial, with an R/C ratio of 1.95.
Smallholder livelihood adaptation capacity to the risk of climate change disasters in the buffer area of Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park (TN BABUL) South Sulawesi
Authors: Dassir M , Paembonan S A , Arsyad U , Sadapotto A , Nadira S
Published: July 2021

The number of smallholders’ farmer around the forest areas in Indonesia are about fifteen million households, and facing the risk of climate change disaster in their activities on the various national park area in Indonesia. This paper discussed about the role of management decentralization of National Park Zonation toward enhancement livelihood adaptation strategy of smallholder farmers, facing the risk of climate change disaster using spatial analysis (GIS) and content analysis. The result describing proprietor’s devolution at the resort level in the management of special zone and traditional zone that is a basic strategy to provide access to smallholders manages the land to develop agroforestry patterns that are resistant to climate variability. While in the jungle zone and utilization zone, devolution is only authorized user rights until the claimant right to collect non-timber forest products grown naturally to ensure resource sustainability. Pseudo de-concentration by the SPTN is required to monitor and ensure proprietors devolution rights, authorized user right, or claimant right in the management of traditional zone, special zone, jungle zone, and utilization zone between resort institution, the village head, and smallholders’ farmers. The implementation of devolution that produces anonymous adaptation supported by planned adaptation from village institutions and government can enhancement the adaptation capacity of smallholder farmers in managing rice fields and their PLKCS land or in conservation forest areas with the availability of irrigation water sources.
Potential of fruit plants and opportunities for product diversification in Dusung pattern farmers in Wakal Village, Ambon Island
Authors: Hatulesila J W , Achmad A , Malamassam D , Millang S
Published: July 2021

Wanatani or Agroforestry in Maluku is commonly known as Dusung, which is the traditional use of land resources and its ecosystem. This farming system is associated with combining agricultural plants with forestry on a stretch of land, with harvest season numerous kinds of fruits. However, sometimes, these fruits are wasted, damaged, and are left indiscriminately without further processing. Therefore, research related to the distribution of fruit crops per ha, season, and opportunities for product diversification to improve the farming community’s welfare is needed. This is a qualitative and descriptive research, with data obtained through observation and interviews to determine farmers’ experience and knowledge on fruit crop cultivation and Wakal Village on Ambon Island. The results showed that each household, clan, or family covers an area of 40 ha. Furthermore, there are 10 types of fruit crop products that have economic value with an average of 0.5 - 5 ha of arable land owned by dusung farmers. Therefore, an alternative means of diversifying processed products to increase dusung farmers’ income needs to be developed.
Impact of land use change on groundwater flow using SWAT model, study case: Tanralili Sub Watershed
Authors: Surahman S , Zubair H , Munir A , Achmad M
Published: July 2021

Land-use changes impact the condition of the watershed ecosystem primarily in supporting the availability of water resources, which is currently a problem in meeting human needs. This study aims to identify the impact of land-use change on the bottom flow in the Tanralili sub-watershed. In SWAT model procedure are divided into several stages, namely: (1) watershed delineation; (2) forming HRU (3) Hydrology Response Unit (HRU) analysis; (4) climate data input; (5) building climate data; (6) run model; (7) calibration and validation and (8). simulation of hydrological parameters to determine the best land management. The result shows that the model has a good performance in predicting discharge flow with the NSE value in the calibration process of 0.23 (acceptable). In predicting the flow of discharge in the validation process, the NSE value is 0.62. The SWAT model can predict the impact of land-use changes on hydrological characteristics, especially the basal flow in the Tanralili sub-watershed. Analysis of the Tanralili Sub-watershed’s hydrological characteristics, the SWAT results in 2010, 2015, and 2020 can be shown by the baseline flow of 494.64 mm 247.26 mm 256.48 mm, respectively.
The potential of endophytic fungi as biodegradation of chlorpyrifos in shallots
Authors: Fauriah R , Amin N , Daud I D , Harsanti E S
Published: July 2021

Chlorpyrifos is one of the broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticides in controlling plant pests. They can be absorbed into agricultural products and in the long term can have negative effects on human health. The use of endophytic fungi for biodegradation of chlorpyrifos is one of the technologies to support food safety. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the potential of the isolated endophytic fungi and identify it from shallot plantations as biodegradation of chlorpyrifos. The research is conducted in three stages; (1) isolation of endophytic fungi on shallot plantations in Bantaeng Regency, (2) macroscopic and microscopic identification, and (3) test of the degradation potential of chlorpyrifos by growing fungi on PDA medium containing chlorpyrifos with concentrations 600 ppm, 300 ppm, and 150 ppm. Furthermore, the results showed there are 47 fungal isolates from the roots, stems and tubers of shallots, and some were identified asTrichodermasp. andFusariumsp. Several isolates tested have the potential to degrade chlorpyrifos, where the percentage of growth inhibition below 50% is considered tolerant of chlorpyrifos. Considering the results,Trichodermasp. andFusariumsp. are potential degrading residual insecticide chlorpyrifos.
Additional income for poor families through native chicken farming (KUB and Sensi) development in Gorontalo Province
Authors: Munawaroh Soimah , Rouf Ari Abdul , Rohmadi Dwi , Anas Serli , Rosdiana  , Nur Amin
Published: July 2021

Poverty has remained a major governmental concern and in 2019, Indonesia^s poor population was 25.14 million, most of whom lived in rural areas. Consequently, several government programs have been designed to alleviate poverty, such as the development of native chicken farming for poor households which was implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the cash income from native chicken farms on a household scale. The location was Bulontala Village, Bone Bolango Regency where a total of 53 chickens were reared, and this research took place between July to September 2020. Subsequently, analysis results showed that at 70 days of harvest, the mortality rate was 1.88%, while the Sensi and KUB native chickens were estimated to have average body weights of 892 g/bird and 925 g/bird respectively. A total revenue from the sales was calculated to be IDR 2,340,000 with IDR 1,652,375 as incurred cash costs and IDR 687,652 obtained as the resultant earnings of the farmers. The RC ratio of the native chicken farming was 1.42 which was regarded as feasible, and as a result, this business was deemed capable of serving as a source of family income for the community. However, information on the chicken sales market and/or an increase in business scale are needed by the breeders and farmers to enable them to have the potential to realize profits.
The dynamics of agricultural crop production development on land cover changes in Tinggimoncong District
Authors: Dariati T , Mustari K , Solle MS , Ulfa F , Iswoyo H
Published: July 2021

Agricultural activities can lead to land cover changes in a watershed region such as in Tinggimoncong District, Gowa Regency that located in the upper stream of the Jeneberang watershed. Gradually, there has been a development in agricultural activities in the area, marked by an increase in agricultural area as well as agricultural production that led to a change in land cover in the region. A descriptive study was conducted with aim to determine the relationship between the development of agricultural activities and the increase in agricultural production with land cover changes in the upstream Jeneberang watershed. This understanding is expected to help create a more environmentally friendly agricultural environment so that it can be more sustainable. This research shows that the development of plantation crops had contributed to land cover change, due to expansion of human activities in agriculture into the forest area, thus the primary forest then turned into secondary forest. The development of agricultural activities was partly attributed to the higher selling price of agricultural products. It makes farmers excited to increase their production, including by expanding the area for planting crops that have high selling value.
Factors affecting the change of land function from paddy field to housing in North Sinjai District
Authors: Diansari P , Nadja R A , Ali M S S , Busthanul N , Rahmadanih  , Sucirawaati
Published: July 2021

Along with the increasing population and the development of economic structure, land needs for non-agricultural activities tend to continue to increase. This trend makes the transfer of agricultural land functions difficult to avoid. Land transfer starts from the demand for agricultural commodities, especially food commodities that are less elastic to income compared to the demand for non-agricultural commodities. This study aims to find out the factors that influence the transfer of land functions from rice fields to housing in North Sinjai District. The results showed that during the period studied, namely from December 2017 to January 2018, factors that influenced the transfer of land functions from rice fields to residential land, namely land area, and the location of land partially had a real effect on the transfer of land functions, while the factors of education level, number of dependents, urgent needs and neighbors who converted their land partially had no real effect on the transfer of household land functions of respondents in transfer of land functions from rice fields to housing.