bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Construction Project «Pure» Risks
Authors: Ginzburg Alexander V. , Ryzhkova Anastacia I.
Published: September 2018

Construction industry has many drivers. The main one is investments. The bigger investment is the more importance takes the assessment of construction production. The investor makes the decision to invest based on assessment of construction production, organisational and technological reliability. The rapid technology and construction management tools development obliges the investor and his team to create new approaches. The article authors propose to consider it in the identification, analysis and subsequent management of pure project risks. Pure risks are defined as risk events, which implementation is clearly negative or has a neutral outcome. Generally the pure risks are not directly related to financial risk events and are not considered as classical approaches of risk management, which adversely affects the construction project prediction. Consideration of the pure construction risks at different stages of building production allows considering the project from the point of view of potential risks. So the investor can quickly make the decision to invest in the project and to assess the possible additional costs of construction, as the construction manager for different production stages would be able to foresee and prevent some risks implementation.
The Definition of a Critical Deflection of Compressed Rods with the Creep by the Method of Bubnov-Galerkin
Authors: Yazyev Batyr M. , Yazyev Serdar B. , Grinev Anatoly P. , Britikova Elena A.
Published: September 2018

The comparison of the numerical methods: the finite element method, the Galerkin Method, the difference method is considered for the study of the stability of the rods. The dependence of the solution of the stability problem on the parameters of the discretization of these numerical methods is studied. It is shown that the mathematical models are sufficiently accurate to analyze the stability of the rods of constant and variable sections.
Safety Management of Buildings and Structures
Authors: Bobkina Valeriya A. , Tsurkina N.G.
Published: September 2018

In order to monitor the current state of buildings and structures effectively the author proposes development and maintenance of constantly updated electronic databases of buildings and structures to manage the safety of buildings and structures operation, which provides an opportunity to receive information on technical condition of the facility in real time mode, which allows increasing the effectiveness of buildings’ owners, operating organisations, state supervisory and control bodies for safe operation as well as simulates emergency situations and predicts the behaviour of structures with regard to their repair and reconstruction.
Buckling of Glass Reinforced Plastic Rods of Variable Rigidity
Authors: Litvinov Stepan V. , Yazyev Serdar B. , Rudchenko Iwan I. , Molotkov Georgi S.
Published: September 2018

The loss of vertical structures stability is always a very dangerous phenomenon. It is almost impossible to predict it, because it develops very quickly, avalanche-like. One solution to this problem is to increase the cross section of the compressible elements. However, this solution leads to a significant increase in weight and load on the underlying structures. It is necessary to be able to accurately determine the critical force of Fcr for various forms of compressible elements and schemes of fastening. The article presents the solution of the problem of fiberglass rods stability by the energy method in the form of Tymoshenko-Ritz, which is reduced to the problem of determining eigenvalues in the algebraic theory of matrices. In the MatLab software complex, the value of the critical load Fcr is obtained by numerical method with different stiffness and pinning schemes.
One Example of Comparison between the Efficiency of Two Approaches to Differential Equations Computational Solution
Authors: Bandurin Nikolay G. , Kalashnikov Sergey Y.
Published: September 2018

In this work we present main correlations of ordinary differential equations computational solution, based on the previously suggested interpolator procedure which differs from the known approaches with the application not to the sought-for function but to its derivative. With specific reference we show that this method of ordinary nonlinear differential equations system solving provides an error reduction by a huge ratio in comparison to the three-point difference scheme of the 5th accuracy order.
Modification of the Local Variation Method to Minimize the Functionals of the Elasticity Theory
Authors: Oshkhunov Muaed M. , Dzhankulaeva Madina A. , Nakhusheva Fatima M. , Tkabisimova Maria M.
Published: September 2018

In this paper a modification of the local variation method for minimizing the elasticity functionals, which reduces the counting time when varying them with small steps is proposed. Example of the solution of the inverse problem of the theory of elasticity by the finite element method is given. The problem of finding the elastic characteristics of a three-layer cable insulation, in which the annular stresses and deformations practically do not vary radially, is solved.
Vibration-Based Damage Detection Techniques for Health Monitoring of Construction of a Multi-Storey Building
Authors: Shatilov Yuriy Y. , Lyapin Alexander A.
Published: September 2018

Conducting surveys of multi-storey buildings is a laborious task, because large volumes of visual and instrumental research should be carried out. Reduction of labor costs with an increase in the reliability of information about the state of damage and technical condition is an actual scientific and practical task. One of the ways to solve it is to use non-destructive vibration diagnostic methods. The purpose of carrying out diagnostics with the use of vibration based damage detection methods is to search for damages in structural elements that can cause the deviation of the dynamic parameters of a structure from calculated ones. Determination of the dynamic parameters of the structure, in particular natural frequencies and mode shapes of mechanical systems, is one of the most important tasks that allows obtaining integral information about the state of a structure. This article presents the results of calculations for the localization of slabs defects in a multi-storey building with a transverse crack, span L = 4.5 (m), height H = 0.2 (m), with prestressed reinforcement d = 0.05 (m). Vibration based Damage Index method was used to localize the defect. During the study, reliable localization values of the defect area of the slab were obtained, this indicates that the vibration method for determining the damage index with a sufficient degree of accuracy allowed predicting the site of damage to the structure.
An Analogue of Smirnov's Theorem in Spaces of the Functions which are Inductive Limits of some Hölder Spaces
Authors: Grober Oleg V. , Grober Tatyana A. , Bychkov Andrey B.
Published: September 2018

Both the theory of functions of a complex variable, and the approximation theory, are finding more and more applications in modern engineering sciences. In the present report we consider the spaces of analytic functions inside the unit circle satisfying on the boundary a strong Hölder condition for a rather wide class of the modulus of continuity. An analog of Smirnov's classical theorem relating to Hardy spaces has been obtained. The result is generalized to spaces of functions that are inductive limits of the spaces stated above.
Comparative Analysis of Methods for Calculating Cold-Formed Steel Structures
Authors: Reshetnikov Alexey A. , Kornet Vladislav Y. , Leonova Darya A.
Published: September 2018

This article presents a comparative analysis of methods for calculating cold-formed steel structures, or light steel thin-walled structures (LSTS), as they are called in Russia, according to domestic and foreign norms. For comparison, the calculation provisions for SR 260.1325800.2016 "Steel thin-walled constructions from cold-bent galvanized sheets" and AISI (American Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy) were taken. For clarity of the solution algorithm, a block diagram for each method is presented. Specific features of calculating the C-shaped cross-section for bending by both methods are indicated [1].
The Influence of the Characteristics of the Structural System on the Results of the Calculation of High-Rise Building on Seismic Action
Authors: Aksenov Vladimir N. , Aksenov Nikolay B. , Aushev Muhammad V.
Published: September 2018

This paper presents the results of the simulation experiment performed in Lira-SAPR. The purpose of the experiment is modal analysis of various structural schemes of the high-rise reinforced concrete frame under pulsation and earthquake action. Calculations have been made for three series of samples, differing in the stiffness ratio of the frame and diaphragm of the scheme (from 20% to 65.9%), considering seismic rating of 7, 8 and 9 magnitude and subsoils of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd categories of seismic activity. It has been established, that the ratio of stiffness influences the distribution of the modal mass. The acceleration of the cover nodes does not depend on the stiffness ratio – they grow as seismic activity of the site increases. Stiffness ratio influences the total reinforcement requirement. This influence is significant in the range of ratio values from 20.5% to 42.5%. Further increase in the stiffness ratio has little influence on the reinforcement requirement.
Strain Analysis of Supporting Profile Vulcanizing Press
Authors: Evtushenko Sergej I. , Fedorchuk Vladimir E. , Alexeeva Anastasia S. , Chernyckhovsky Boris A.
Published: September 2018

The article is devoted research of process equipment in the simulation of the stress-strain state of load-bearing elements in the environment of ANSYS. The obtained results are consistent with the data of preliminary calculations and confirm the performance of device.
The device for connecting the ends of a conveyor fabric-rubber belt by a vulcanization method is a set of ten segments.
At the stage of preliminary calculation stress-strain properties of supporting profiles vulcanizing press were determined by using SCAD software. Point load of hydraulic cylinders is transmitted on profiles in accordance with terms of reference.
Strength calculation supporting profile in ANSYS software was carried out using Finite Element Method. The segment of the device under consideration is symmetrical with respect to two planes. Therefore, it was decided to simplify the calculation model using the capabilities of the ANSYS software, namely using the "Symmetry" modifier. This simplification reduces the requirements for computing power of the computer, which, in turn, allows to build a better mesh.
Mesh is constructed mainly from eight-node volumetric elements of regular shape.
Analysis of the supporting profile in ANSYS software confirmed the results of preliminary settlements.
There are stresses in the dangerous sections of the upper profile exceeding the yield point. Despite this, during unloading, residual deformations in the profile are absent, since for the most part of the profile length in the sections there is no limiting state, that is, the stresses do not reach the yield point.
Remote Monitoring of Reliability for Water Conveyance Hydraulic Structures
Authors: Bandurin Mikhail A. , Yurchenko Irina F. , Volosukhin Victor A.
Published: September 2018

Analysis of current methods for control and evaluation of technical state for different water conveyance constructions in the field of hydraulic engineering and reclamation was carried out and it showed the necessity of their improvement and development. Significant indices of technical state and operational capability resource of the constructions were defined. Promising methods for evaluation of structures technical state based on the methods of non-destroying control are substantiated. Fundamental principles to carry out technical state monitoring and evaluation of remaining live of projects operational capability were formulated, with the results of methodological approaches analysis in various fields of knowledge were taken into account. Automated technology for technical diagnostics of constructions by the methods of non-destroying instrumental control was developed. This control secures determination of remaining live operational capability of structural elements and structure safety deficit for information support of decision making on operation measures. Ecologo-economic efficiency from adaptation of software and hardware complex for reliability diagnostics of hydraulic structures is stipulated by time expenditure shortening on survey carrying out, by higher quality of decision making and by automation of routine operations for information, collecting, processing and interpretating.
Experimental Research of the Durability, Crack Resistance of the Normal Sections of Bending Elements Produced of Rubber Concrete with Fiber and their Deformability
Authors: Polikutin Aleksei E. , Potapov Yuri B. , Levchenko Artem V.
Published: September 2018

The article describes experimental research of bending rubber fiber concrete elements with favorable deformation-strength characteristics. The use of such a material as fiberrubcon in load-bearing structures due to its high strength leads to a decrease in material consumption and weight of structures.
Influence of a Metal Beam of a Corrugated Wall Geometrical Parameters on Size and Nature of Internal Tension Distribution
Authors: Lukin Aleksey O. , Alpatov Vadim Y.
Published: September 2018

Nowadays a concept of a beam with a corrugated wall in construction mechanics does not exist. Such designs do and they are used in construction. Definition of the intense deformed condition of a beam with a corrugated wall is a relevant task. In this article the task of tension distribution nature assessment in the cross section of a beam in a corrugation height variation was discussed. The task was solved in the course of the numerical experiments with application of the finite element method (FEM). The problem was solved for beams with different shapes of the lines forming a corrugation. It was established that the geometrical form of a corrugation practically didn't influence the nature of tension distribution on a beam section and tension distribution on the cross section of beams with a corrugated wall depends generally on the corrugation height relation to its width.
Design Features of Three-Layer Slab Reinforced Concrete Structures
Authors: Belyaev Alexey V. , Nesvetaev Grigorii , Mailyan Dmitry R.
Published: September 2018

The creation of the efficient reinforced concrete structures, that allows to reduce the material consumption as well as the labor costs, is the most important task today. One of the possible ways of solving this problem is the design and wide application of multilayer structures in which high mechanical, heat engineering and acoustic properties are provided due to the combination of high strength of heavy concrete and low strength of light concrete with low heat conductivity. The advantages of three-layer reinforced concrete structures are shown. The proposals have been made to take into account the sag and the classes of lightweight concrete of such elements.
Monitoring of Landslide Slope Stability near Construction Facilities
Authors: Uglova Evgenia V. , Konorev Alexander S. , Konoreva Olga V.
Published: September 2018

The article dwells on the matters of monitoring of landslide slope stability near construction facilities. The procedure of field experimental research on landslide slopes and road structures thereon with the use of the vibration-measuring system was examined. The procedure of field experimental research on the sections with various levels of ground watering was described to detect differences in the characteristics of dynamic deformation of the landslide and stable sections of the slope. Amplitude-time characteristics of the vertical and tangential components of the surface vibrations on the microseism level and matching amplitude-frequency characteristics were obtained. The criteria of road structure stability on landslide sections of slopes were identified.
Calculation of Cylindrical Corrugated Shells Using a Semi-Analytic Finite Element Method
Authors: Yanukyan Eduard G. , Chepurnenko Anton S. , Yazyev Batyr M. , Turko Michael S.
Published: September 2018

The method of calculating the shells of revolution for an asymmetric load using a semi-analytic finite element method is considered. An example is given of calculating a corrugated cylindrical tank for wind load. Comparison of meridional and annular forces is performed for a smooth and corrugated shell of identical dimensions.
Crack Strength and Deformability of Power Transmission Line Conical Poles
Authors: Nasevich Alina S. , Shchutskiy Victor L. , Stel'makh Sergey , Antipov Oleg V.
Published: September 2018

Numeral experiments to study influence on design strength of conical poles, limitations of crack width and breaking strain have been conducted. The analysis of influence on conical poles crack strength and deformability and relation between areas of prestressing steel and total area of steel (Asp/As,tot) has been performed. Research has revealed that dependence of crack width on relation between Asp/As,tot for all types of conical poles is close to linear. Percentage of reinforcement μs, tot % does not influence this dependence. A moment of force increase caused by vertical load Mv/M leads to a significant increase of crack width. Presence of prestressing steel (Asp/As,tot) has the greatest influence on the deflection of conical poles. Still total percentage of reinforcement has little influence on a type of function fпр=f (Asp/As,tot). Calculations of poles made according to a strain pattern showed that regulations understate approximate value of deflection. For that reason, it is advisable to make calculations of poles CONS22, CONS26 according to a strain patter.
Strength of Flexible Compressed Elements when Changing the Options of Composite Reinforcement and Application of the Load
Authors: Polskoy Petr P.
Published: September 2018

The paper presents the research results of the strength of flexible () compressed elements reinforced with various options of external composite reinforcement. The purpose of the experiment is to determine various options of external transverse reinforcement efficiency for different types of stress – strain state of reinforced samples. Another task is to determine the possibility of reinforcing compression elements that exceed the normalized values in the ratio of section dimensions and elements flexibility.
The Deformation of Partially Prestressed Elements Subjected to Repeated Static Loads
Authors: Bayramukov Salis Kh. , Dolaeva Zurijat N.
Published: September 2018

The article deals with the change in the deflection of partially prestressed elements under repeated loading. Depending on the classes and the ratio of stressed and non-tensioned reinforcement, the effect of different levels of the repeated load application on the deformability index of the bent ferro-concrete elements is analyzed. Analysis of the experimental and calculated values ​​of deflections of rectangular profile beams after application of static repeated loads showed that regulatory documents underestimate the effect of the operational level repeated loads on the change in deflections at both average and high loading levels by more than 30%. Comparison of deflection values ​​was made immediately after application of repeated loads at the level of 60% from the destructive ones and after lifting the load to the level of 80%. To correct the values ​​of deflections within the limits of the calculated dependences of the norms, when subjected to the operational level repeated loads, it is proposed to take the value of the coefficient characterizing the elastoplastic properties of concrete equal to 0.3 for practical calculations. The results of the study increase the convergence of the experimental and theoretical values ​​of deflections in the range considered.
The Seismic Response Investigation on the Multi-Storey Buildings with Seismically Insulating Rubber-Metal Supports
Authors: Omarov Khadjimurad M. , Abakarov Abakar D.
Published: September 2018

The buildings of various constructive solutions with seismic isolation and without seismic isolation are considered. The system of differential equations of a multi-storey building motion with seismic isolating rubber-metal supports is presented. The graphs of the seismic response of 5, 9 and 12-storey buildings with seismic insulating rubber-metal bearings are obtained as well as with seismic action in the form of the unsteady random process. The effectiveness of seismic isolation systems with rubber-metal bearings with lead core and without it is estimated.
Identification of Concrete Properties in Beam-Type Structures with Defects Based on Dynamic Methods
Authors: Cherpakov Alexander V. , Shlyakhova Elena A. , Egorochkina Inna O. , Kokareva Yana A.
Published: September 2018

The problem of concrete properties identification and damage location in model beam type constructions is considered on the basis of application of experimental vibration analysis. As a simple analysis model, beam structures are considered defect-free and with defects. Based on the experimental approach, the model vibrations under shock and vibration excitation are analyzed. On the basis of analytical modeling, the dynamic modulus of elasticity, the velocity of sound in the beam, and the location of the defect are calculated. A technique and an example of the location of a defect in beam type constructions are presented.
The Foundation Pit Deep Site Ground State Design Modelling
Authors: Degtyarev George V. , Datsjo Dmitry A. , Vysokovsky Dmitriy A. , Turko Michael S.
Published: September 2018

Numerical modelling of the ground, based on the application of the MIDAS GTX NX multifunctional software complex has been carried out by constructing a computational model with analysis of physical and mechanical properties and nonlinear behaviour of engineering-geological elements.
Statistical Modeling for Assessment of Dipper Stick Service Life
Authors: Rogovenko Tatyana M. , Zaitseva Marina M.
Published: September 2018

This paper presents an evaluation of the minimum dipper stick service life in the unsafe cross-section; it is based on statistical simulation known as Monte Carlo method. Source data on the bearing capacity parameters as well as on the values of stresses in the unsafe cross-section are presented as small samples. Statistical simulation is used to create a finite general population of data on machine parts my means of an intermediate subpopulation using order statistics distributions.
The Study of Natural Oscillations of Thin Elastic Shells of Complicated Shapes by the Energy Method
Authors: Eryomin Victor D.
Published: September 2018

The problem of natural oscillations of an elastic thin non-circular cylindrical wavy shell of an open profile is considered. The problem is based on the Rayleigh-Ritz energy method. On the basis of the proposed method for determining the lowest frequencies and forms of natural vibrations of shells of complicated shape, the numerical convergence of the developed algorithm is investigated. The evaluation of the results of this numerical experiment is given.
A Driving-Gear Dynamic Analysis
Authors: Kudryavtsev Yevgeniy M.
Published: September 2018

A new approach of mechanical driving-gear dynamic analysis, which includes several modelling stages is observed in the article. On the first stage driving-gear is represented in the form of consistently connected rotation bodies. The driving-gear is represented in a graphic kind by means of the marked graph. On the second stage mathematical model of driving-gear performance with using of mnemonic rule is created. Mathematical model of mechanical driving-gear is a system of second-order regular differential equations (RDEs). The system of second-order regular differential equations is transformed into a system of first-order regular differential equations. There is a standard method for writing a higher-order RDE as a system of the first-order RDEs. On the third stage computer model of driving-gear performance using system Mathcad is created and initial data is defined. On the fourth stage the mechanical driving-gear modelling is performed and calculation data in numerical and graphical forms is obtained. This approach provides high level of the driving-gear dynamic analysis, including the received results presentation, which is especially important on the earliest stages of mechanical driving-gear design. The proposed procedure of mechanical driving-gear dynamic analysis using Mathcad software significantly decreases time and working costs on execution of such computations and helps to execute investigations related with changing of driving-gear elements parameters efficiently.
System of Volume Elements for the Buildings Erection
Authors: Verzhbovskiy Gennady B. , Reshetnikov Alexey A.
Published: September 2018

A system of volume elements “Rossi” designed for the erection of low-rise buildings and structures, as well as self-supporting walls of monolithic frame houses is considered. A distinctive feature of the proposed products is the possibility of building facilities without the use of wet processes. The advantages of this system, possible materials for the manufacture of elements as well as the requirements for the main dimensions of the building are described.
Free and Forced Longitudinal Vibrations of Rods
Authors: Kulterbaev Khusen P. , Baragunova Lyalusya A. , Shogenova Maryana M.
Published: September 2018

Free and forced longitudinal oscillations of homogeneous rods of constant cross section are considered. Analytical and numerical methods for solving problems are used. With free vibration, numerical examples are shown for a rod with a jammed and free end and for a rod with a concentrated non-deformable mass at the end, due to which the mathematical model accordingly changes. Forced oscillations are considered for distributed and concentrated loads. The eigenmodes of oscillations characteristic for continually discrete sisites are obtained.
Model and Mechanism of Stabilization of Carbon Nanotubes with Placticizer on the Basis of Sulfonated Naphthalene Formaldehyde Resins
Authors: Samchenko Svetlana V. , Kozlova Irina V. , Zemskova Olga V.
Published: September 2018

The entry presents studies of the effect of dispersion temperature on the deposition rate of CNTs in the presence of a plasticizer based on sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde resins, on the dispersed composition of CNTs in aqueous and aqueous-polymer dispersion media and on the strength characteristics of samples with stabilized CNTs. It was established that the ultrasonic dispersion of aqueous suspensions of CNTs in the presence of a plasticizer based on sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde resins at an ultrasonic vibration frequency of 44 kHz; dispersion temperature - 25 ± 2 °C; dispersion time - 10 - 30 minutes is capable of ensuring the stability of CNTs suspensions for 7 days or more. The mechanism of stabilization of aqueous suspension of CNTs by a plasticizer based on sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde resins is presented. It has been established that the stabilization of CNTs is achieved by fixing the functional groups of the plasticizer on the surface of the nanoparticle, the nonpolar component of which ensures the formation of a high-viscosity interlayer between the CNTs particles and the dispersion medium, and the polar component is the formation of a double electric layer (DEL) that promotes the micellization of CNTs. As a result, the CNTs stabilized with sulfonaphthalene formaldehyde are evenly distributed in the volume of the cement system, causing the production of cement stone with enhanced performance properties.
Theoretical and Practical Aspects of the Formation of the Variational Structure of Centrifuged Products from Heavy Concrete
Authors: Stel'makh Sergey , Shcherban' Evgeniy , Shuyskiy Anatoliy I. , Nazhuev Mukhuma P.
Published: September 2018

Viability of further research of variatropy is justified, as well as its extended use with the purpose of increasing quality of ferroconcrete building constructions. Raw components and equipment used for manufacturing of centrifuged products and variatropic objects are described. Laboratory centrifuge equipped with a direct current engine and thyristor units has been developed and used. Method of applying pressure to a unit mass during centrifuging has been studied. It has been identified that in order for mix particles rising to their most superior position to stick to the mold walls, it is necessary that gravitational force of mg particle and centrifugal force are equal. Effect of hydrodynamic pressure on particles constituting concrete mix has been studied using several formulas and provisions. It has been revealed that centrifugal molding may be used to seal low-viscosity plastic mixes; however, its use causes disintegration of concrete mix. In order to slow down this process, it is necessary to increase viscosity of the entire system and restrict the upper limit of aggregate fineness.
Dispersing the Charge as a Way to Improve the Quality of Ceramic Bricks
Authors: Gurieva Victoria A. , Dubineckij Viktor V. , Doroshin Aleksandr V.
Published: September 2018

Investigations of the influence of dispersion of feedstock on the basis of clay of the Buguruslan deposit and drill cuttings from the facilities of PJSC «Orenburgneft» have been carried out, it is revealed that as the grinding time increases, the content of clay and dust particles increases. Intensive sintering of the samples between 1000 °C and 1100 °C has been established, which is confirmed by the compaction of the samples and the decrease in the water absorption of the ceramic masses. Minimal water absorption, within 2.35%, showed a sample of 3-hour grinding, and a sample of a 2-hour grinding of 8.34%. As a result of the study of dispersion of the charge on the basis of clay raw materials and drill cuttings, it was found that by subjecting the original composition to additional processing, within 2 hours, the physical and mechanical properties of ceramic bricks can be improved.
Practical Researches to Increase Leaching Resistance on Fine Concrete for Vibropressed Product
Authors: Esenkov Ivan I. , Kramarenko Arkady V.
Published: September 2018

The article describes the basic mechanisms of interaction of the components of the concrete mixture, the analysis of a number of components and conducted comprehensive studies for the formation efflorescence on the surface of products made from various concrete mixtures by vibropressed.
The Ways to Develop Steel Reinforcing and Concrete Cohesion Testings
Authors: Morgun Lyubov , Visnap Anton V. , Morgun Vladimir
Published: September 2018

The article oversees the topicality of an appropriate strength assessment of bonding of steel reinforcing rod with concrete. It is shown that in the technology of reinforcing concrete framing, metal reinforcing has seen a new alternative in the form of fiberglass, basalt plastic reinforced polymer and carbon fiber. Efficiency of application of reinforcing construction made of composite materials includes not only increased corrosion resistance, but also better compatibility of materials in strength and deformation properties. The article suggests experimental evaluation of the adhesion of the steel reinforcing with concrete to account for its real nature.
Economic Effect of Implementing Rubberised Asphalt
Authors: Karpenko Alisa V. , Karpenko Denis V.
Published: September 2018

Article covers the questions of economic effectivity and efficiency of implementing rut-resistant rubberised asphalt. Economic data for all road-construction climatic zones in Russia is included into the investigation. Comparison of the two alternatives: pavement with the use of crumb rubber (RBV) and pavement with a known stabilising agent (SMA) is made. Calculation is based on the additives market price and on 0,8% mineral composition weight dosage. Calculation of the presents costs is made for the different road climatic zones with effective pavement thickness of 6 cm.
Modifying Additives Effect on Use Properties of Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Chernov Sergey A. , Golyubin K.D. , Eremeeva Lyudmila V.
Published: September 2018

The article dwells on the results of the survey of the asphalt concrete modified with various additives. It contains the results of the impact made by the modifying additives on the physical mechanic and performance properties (rutting resistance, fatigue life and permanent deformation accumulation resistance) of the Type A Grade I asphalt concretes. In the article the regularities of the influence exerted by the formula-related and technological factors on the asphalt concrete properties were established. Consistent with the obtained results forecasting of rutting in accordance with AVTODOR STO 2.28-2016 and forecasting of fatigue damage accumulation on the basis of the Miner’s cumulative model of damage linear addition were executed. On the basis of the forecast results the interrepair life of the road structures with the pavement courses of asphalt concretes containing the surveyed modifiers was evaluated.
The Construction Basis of High-Precision Optical Range Finder GD-j1(l)
Authors: Petrosyan Hovsep S. , Hayrapetyan Yegisabeth H. , Hunanyan Hovnan A.
Published: September 2018

The methods of construction of high-precision rangefinder on the modulation method, which will complement the means of linear measurements on the interference method, are considered. The linearly compensation method, which leads to the possibility of implementing range finders with an error of mφ=0.01 mm, is proposed as the basic constructions of extremely high accuracy linear measurement devices.
Modern Glass Constructions and Comfortable Urban Environment
Authors: Mayatskaya Irina A. , Yazyeva Svetlana B. , Zakieva Nadezhda I. , Lapina Anastasia P.
Published: September 2018

The paper deals with the glass designs use for creating a comfortable living environment for urban people. Examples of a harmonious combination of building structures and natural objects are shown. Attention is paid to the external facade and the interior space of buildings, where glass constructions were used.
The Role of Residential Development in the Spatial Structure of Cities of Russia and Bulgaria
Authors: Salov Aleksandr A. , Fedoseev Igor V. , Yudenko Marina N.
Published: September 2018

This article considers the city as a complex social system, a highly developed urbanized area, a place for the development of the economy, politics and the performance of economic functions. The authors suggest a system of elements that contribute to the sustainable development of the city and which includes monitoring the degree of political and public participation and commitments, governance models and mechanisms, processes and their improvement, policies, plans, strategic programs, governance mechanisms, a maintenance mechanism for the financial independence of cities and institutions. Considering that, the spatial structure of the city occupies a significant place in residential development, a comparative analysis of the state of the construction of cities in Russia and Bulgaria is given. A conclusion was drawn about various approaches to the development of industrial housing construction in Russia and European countries. The experience of Russian factories in the modernization of house building was considered.
Calculation of Temperature Stresses in Polymers in the Cycles Heating-Cooling Process
Authors: Andreev Vladimir I. , Frolova I.I. , Sigunova L. Yu.
Published: September 2018

In the constructions of multilayer cylindrical shells in heat-and-power engineering the materials, exhibiting rheological properties, such as concrete, polymers or fiber glass are widely used. In this connection, the study of temperature stresses in polymers, the analysis of the influence of various factors on the processes course under consideration, is of great importance. The paper presents an analytical solution of the thermal creep problem in polymers using the Kelvin-Voigt model for a rigidly clamped rod for various cases of temperature loading. The analysis of these solutions is also made on the example of a specific material for certain laws with changing temperature loads.
Joint Calculation of the Non-Stationary Thermal Mode of a Building and its Water Heating System
Authors: Malyavina Elena G.
Published: September 2018

The solution of the problem of joint cooling of the building and its water heating system, in case of the thermal energy supply termination, is relevant, since only it can determine the real time available to repair crews to restore the operation of the heating system of each object. The article gives a brief description of the algorithms for calculating the non-stationary hydraulic and thermal regime of the heating system and the algorithm for calculating the non-stationary thermal regime of the building. The joint implementation of both algorithms is based on taking into account the influence of the thermal regime of the system and the building on each other at each time step. Linking of thermal processes in a heating system and in a building is carried out taking into account in their thermal balances of the same quantity of heat flowing for a step on time from a heating system element to the room or vice versa. Calculations on the proposed PC program investigated the influence of different factors on the cooling time of the heating system and the whole building.
Ground Mass Heat-Accumulating Capacity Evaluation at the Protective Structure Conditioning System Design Stage
Authors: Gubeladze Oleg A. , Gubeladze Avtandil R. , Kirilchik Larisa F.
Published: September 2018

The possibility of using the heat-storage capacity of the soil massif surrounding the underground protective structure is under consideration with the purpose to minimize the energy costs of the projected system for technological air conditioning of the facility.
Elaboration of an Efficiency Indicator of Treatment Industrial Waste Water by Ozone
Authors: Alekseev Stanislav E. , Pipko Daria A.
Published: September 2018

While developing the technology of using ozone for the destruction of organic substances in industrial wastewater, it is important to determine the required dose of ozone and the period of water treatment. In some cases, for example, when the dyes are destroyed in textile sewage, the color reduction occurs earlier than the decomposition of the organic matter of the dyes. Thus, there is a need to control the purification process by several indirect indicators, such as oxidability, total organic carbon content and etc. There is also the difficulty in determining the required dose of ozone for the decomposition of contaminants. We carried out experimental researches and examined the material balance of the ozonation process. A generalized method for determining the consumption of ozone in the oxidation of contaminants in sewage waters is proposed. The indicator "chemical demand of ozone" is used. During the trial ozonation of waste water the method allows to obtain the dependence of ozone consumption on the processes of pollution destruction and to determine the required specific dose of ozone for the destruction of contaminants.
The Rationale for the Fish Farms Circulating Water Biological Treatment Intensification
Authors: Starovoytov Sergey V. , Khalil Ahmed S. , Serpokrylov Nikolai S.
Published: September 2018

Aerobic biological treatment of waters in artificial conditions is carried out by symbiotic algobacterial community of attached and free-floating organisms in various types of aerotank and biofilters. With the blowers and mixers of different designs, the biomass is saturated with oxygen. Controlled air supply provides the necessary concentration of dissolved oxygen and stimulates the oxidation of organic and inorganic water pollutants symbiotic community.
Accounting of External Factors for Sewage Disinvasion
Authors: Yudina Natalia V. , Dolzhenko Lidiya A.
Published: September 2018

The results of a survey of the background parasitic characteristics on individual structures of the municipal sewage treatment plant are given. It is established that 27% of the grids and sand trap are retained, the effectiveness of the retention in the biological treatment facilities after the secondary settling tank corresponded to 61.9%. Helminth eggs are mostly concentrated in sewage sludge, to a large extent maintaining their viability (90%). An imitating model of the process of disinvasion of sewage and sediments was developed, represented by a network diagram for sewage treatment fa-cilities. In production conditions, an experiment was performed to determine the influence of exter-nal factors on the efficiency of dehelmintization by the plant reagent.
Effect of Destabilisation and Tempering Heat Treatments on Hardness and Corrosion Behavior of 28 wt.%Cr Cast Irons with Mo Addition
Authors: Wiengmoon Amporn , Tareelap Napachat , Imurai Suttawan , Chairuangsri Torranin , Pearce John T.H.
Published: September 2018

The effects of destabilisation and tempering heat treatments on hardness and corrosion behavior in 28 wt.%Cr-2.6 wt.%C cast irons with up to 6 wt.%Mo addition were studied. The irons were destabilised at 1025 °C for 4 h and air cooled. Tempering was carried out at 450 °C for 4 h. Phase identification and microstructure were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), light microscope (LM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Vickers macro-hardness was measured. A potentiodynamic technique was used to indicate aqueous corrosion resistance. The results revealed that the as-cast microstructure of 28 wt.%Cr iron consisted of primary austenite dendrites with eutectic M7C3 carbides. In the irons with 6 wt.%Mo addition, eutectic carbides including M7C3, M23C6 and M6C were found. After destabilisation, the microstructure contained secondary carbide precipitates within an essentially martensitic matrix. Vickers macro-hardness of the as-cast and destabilised irons increased from 500 HV30 and 736 HV30 in the 28 wt.%Cr iron up to 570 HV30 and 870 HV30 in the iron with 6 wt.%Mo addition. Tempering slightly increased the macro-hardness. The as-cast 28 wt.%Cr iron had the lowest values for critical current density and passive current density. The destabilised + tempered treatment gave the lowest corrosion resistance.
Pleiotropic Impacts of Macrophage and Microglial Deficiency on Development in Rats with Targeted Mutation of the Csf1r Locus
Authors: Pridans Clare , Raper Anna , Davis Gemma M. , Alves Joana , Sauter Kristin A. , Lefevre Lucas , Regan Tim , Meek Stephen , Sutherland Linda , Thomson Alison J. , Clohisey Sara , Bush Stephen J. , Rojo Rocío , Lisowski Zofia M. , Wallace Robert , Grabert Kathleen , Upton Kyle R. , Tsai Yi Ting , Brown Deborah , Smith Lee B. , Summers Kim M. , Mabbott Neil A. , Piccardo Pedro , Cheeseman Michael T. , Burdon Tom , Hume David A.
Published: September 2018

We have produced Csf1r-deficient rats by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. Consistent with the role of Csf1r in macrophage differentiation, there was a loss of peripheral blood monocytes, microglia in the brain, epidermal Langerhans cells, splenic marginal zone macrophages, bone-associated macrophages and osteoclasts, and peritoneal macrophages. Macrophages of splenic red pulp, liver, lung, and gut were less affected. The pleiotropic impacts of the loss of macrophages on development of multiple organ systems in rats were distinct from those reported in mice. Csf1r−/− rats survived well into adulthood with postnatal growth retardation, distinct skeletal and bone marrow abnormalities, infertility, and loss of visceral adipose tissue. Gene expression analysis in spleen revealed selective loss of transcripts associated with the marginal zone and, in brain regions, the loss of known and candidate novel microglia-associated transcripts. Despite the complete absence of microglia, there was little overt phenotype in brain, aside from reduced myelination and increased expression of dopamine receptor-associated transcripts in striatum. The results highlight the redundant and nonredundant functions of CSF1R signaling and of macrophages in development, organogenesis, and homeostasis.
Perforin-2 Breaches the Envelope of Phagocytosed Bacteria Allowing Antimicrobial Effectors Access to Intracellular Targets
Authors: Bai Fangfang , McCormack Ryan M. , Hower Suzanne , Plano Gregory V. , Lichtenheld Mathias G. , Munson George P.
Published: September 2018

Perforin-2, the product of the MPEG1 gene, limits the spread and dissemination of bacterial pathogens in vivo. It is highly expressed in murine and human phagocytes, and macrophages lacking Perforin-2 are compromised in their ability to kill phagocytosed bacteria. In this study, we used Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as a model intracellular pathogen to elucidate the mechanism of Perforin-2’s bactericidal activity. In vitro Perforin-2 was found to facilitate the degradation of Ags contained within the envelope of phagocytosed bacteria. In contrast, degradation of a representative surface Ag was found to be independent of Perforin-2. Consistent with our in vitro results, a protease-sensitive, periplasmic superoxide dismutase (SodCII) contributed to the virulence of S. Typhimurium in Perforin-2 knockout but not wild-type mice. In aggregate, our studies indicate that Perforin-2 breaches the envelope of phagocytosed bacteria, facilitating the delivery of proteases and other antimicrobial effectors to sites within the bacterial cell.
High-Resolution Genetic and Phenotypic Analysis of KIR2DL1 Alleles and Their Association with Pre-Eclampsia
Authors: Huhn Oisín , Chazara Olympe , Ivarsson Martin A. , Retière Christelle , Venkatesan Timothy C. , Norman Paul J. , Hilton Hugo G. , Jayaraman Jyothi , Traherne James A. , Trowsdale John , Ito Mitsutero , Kling Christiane , Parham Peter , Ghadially Hormas , Moffett Ashley , Sharkey Andrew M. , Colucci Francesco
Published: September 2018

Killer-cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) genes are inherited as haplotypes. They are expressed by NK cells and linked to outcomes of infectious diseases and pregnancy in humans. Understanding how genotype relates to phenotype is difficult because of the extensive diversity of the KIR family. Indeed, high-resolution KIR genotyping and phenotyping in single NK cells in the context of disease association is lacking. In this article, we describe a new method to separate NK cells expressing allotypes of the KIR2DL1 gene carried by the KIR A haplotype (KIR2DL1A) from those expressing KIR2DL1 alleles carried by the KIR B haplotype (KIR2DL1B). We find that in KIR AB heterozygous individuals, different KIR2DL1 allotypes can be detected in both peripheral blood and uterine NK cells. Using this new method, we demonstrate that both blood and uterine NK cells codominantly express KIR2DL1A and KIR2DL1B allotypes but with a predominance of KIR2DL1A variants, which associate with enhanced NK cell function. In a case-control study of pre-eclampsia, we show that KIR2DL1A, not KIR2DL1B, associates with increased disease risk. This method will facilitate our understanding of how individual KIR2DL1 allelic variants affect NK cell function and contribute to disease risk.