bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Teachers' Perspectives on Using a Spiritual Approach to Address Bullying Behavior Among Students: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Anidaisma Noor - , Amat Salleh , Awang Mohd Mahzan , Ahmad Mazita
Published: October 2023

The primary discoveries of this researcher's inquiry underscore the potential of integrating spirituality into educational practises to reduce bullying and foster favourable behavioural transformations in students. The educators employed diverse pedagogical approaches, including mindfulness exercises, storytelling sessions, and open dialogues centred on spiritual themes such as compassion and forgiveness. Implementing these strategies has been found to potentially enhance students' self-awareness, empathy, and sense of community, creating an educational environment that is ultimately more inclusive and secure for all individuals. The study clearly recognises the difficulties of putting a spiritual perspective into action. Experts in the field of education have proposed a number of solutions to these problems, including expanded opportunities for teacher training, more communication and cooperation among stakeholders, and flexible methods of instruction. Those in positions of responsibility in the field of education, such as administrators, teachers, and lawmakers, stand to gain greatly from considering the implications of the research findings. The results raise the possibility that schools with a stronger emphasis on spirituality have a positive effect on students' academic performance and well-being. To take advantage of these benefits, schools should put an emphasis on teacher preparation, promote teamwork, and craft a holistic strategy for integrating spirituality. Involving all parties is crucial in creating a welcoming and secure learning environment where kids may practise gratitude, empathy, and respect for one another. This research shows how spirituality can be included in classrooms to make for a more peaceful and empathetic learning environment. It also highlights the importance of taking a holistic approach to education that incorporates more than just academics.
The impact of Firms' ESG Performance on Financing Constraints
Authors: Song Saijuan , Deng Mingjun
Published: October 2023

This paper explores the impact of corporate ESG performance on financing constraints based on the data of Huazheng's ESG ratings with a sample of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2012-2021. It is found that financing constraints are negatively correlated with the increase of corporate ESG ratings. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the mitigating effect of corporate ESG performance on financing constraints is more obvious in enterprises whose property rights are state-owned in nature, non-heavily polluted enterprises, and larger firms. The results of the mechanism test indicate that business risk, management power, shareholding ratio of institutional shareholders and are the main mechanisms through which ESG produces a mitigating effect on financing constraints. Theoretically, this paper enriches the study of the economic consequences of corporate ESG performance from the perspective of financing constraints, and at the same time broadens the path for alleviating corporate financing constraints; practically, it provides empirical evidence and policy references for strengthening the construction of the corporate ESG system and accelerating the construction of a fair and competitive financial market.
Hacia una Reforma Previsional Solidaria en Chile. Propuestas Alternativas
Authors: Ruiz-Tagle P Jaime
Published: October 2023

se analizaran los principales ejes del proyecto de ley de reforma previsional que ha enviado al parlamento la Presidenta de Chile, Michelle Bachelet. Además, se hará referencia a algunas propuestas alternativas, levantadas por distintos actores, las que han sido discutidas durante las audiencias que desarrolló la Comisión Asesora Presidencial durante 2006.
La enseñanza de políticas públicas por medio de un juego de rol. Análisis de experiencias en la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de la República (Uruguay) 2010-2011
Authors: Bentancur Nicolás
Published: October 2023

El artículo presenta una experiencia de enseñanza del proceso de elaboración de las políticas públicas en el nivel universitario, empleando una estrategia de juego de rol como recurso didáctico. En la representación del juego de rol, grupos de estudiantes actuaron como actores interesados en una política específica y los docentes asumieron la función de gobernantes. Se sostiene que, de la experiencia han surgido indicios positivos sobre su potencial como herramienta pedagógica, de modo de ambientar una mejor comprensión de la complejidad inherente a un policy making que pretenda generar políticas públicas legitimadas y eficaces.
Políticas públicas para una población vulnerable: evaluación del plan “vuelvo a estudiar” en Rosario, Argentina
Authors: Bertolaccini Luciana , Herrera María José , Rodriguez Jazmín , Teglia Paulina
Published: October 2023

El presente trabajo de investigación propone un análisis y evaluación de la implementación del Plan “Vuelvo a Estudiar” de la provincia de Santa Fe en el Barrio La Tablada. El mismo, se presenta como una política

socioeducativa inclusiva que pretende reinsertar escolarmente a jóvenes que hayan abandonado la escuela secundaria, circunscribiéndose en barrios

vulnerables considerados como prioritarios. Asimismo, se plantea como un instrumento de política desarrollado artesanalmente e implementado de manera incremental de acuerdo a los responsables territoriales, y bajo

una estructura en red. Para analizarlo, desarrollamos un estudio a partir del enfoque de policy network o gestión en redes partiendo desde lo local considerando a los diferentes actores, las relaciones entre los mismos en el

territorio, sus instrumentos y saberes en juego como las racionalidades que se interrelacionan y/o tensionan en el momento de la puesta en práctica.
SCREENING FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Ardena Lianto Lie Milka
Published: October 2023

Background: Chronic liver disease is the most significant risk factors for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). High-risk patients should undergo routine screening for HCC, but it is unclear how much data there is to support this suggestion.
The aim: This study aims to determine the screening options for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic liver disease.
Methods: By comparing itself to the standards set by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020, this study was able to show that it met all of the requirements. So, the experts were able to make sure that the study was as up-to-date as it was possible to be. For this search approach, publications that came out between 2013 and 2023 were taken into account. Several different online reference sources, like Pubmed and ScienceDirect, were used to do this. It was decided not to take into account review pieces, identical works that had already been published, or works that were only half done.
Results: In the PubMed database, the results of our search brought up 110 articles, whereas the results of our search on ScienceDirect brought up 285 articles. The results of the search conducted by title screening yielded a total 29 articles for PubMed and 15 articles for ScienceDirect. We compiled a total of 6 papers, 2 of which came from PubMed and 4 of which came from ScienceDirect. We excluded 1 review article. In the end, we included five research that met the criteria.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MINAT PENGGUNAAN E-WALLET (Studi Kasus pada Mahasiswa Akuntansi STIE Surakarta
Authors: Kezia Putri Altara  , Eko Triyanto
Published: October 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyelidiki bagaimana biaya, manfaat dan kepercayaan mempengaruhi minat penggunaan e-wallet. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa akuntansi STIE Surakarta. Data dalam penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif. Pemilihan sampel melalui metode simple random sampling. 86 responden yang memenuhi syarat dan dijadikan sampel dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin. Biaya (X1), Manfaat (X2), Kepercayaan (X3), dan Minat Penggunaan (Y) merupakan beberapa faktor variabel yang dapat mempengaruhi minat penggunaan. Uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi berganda, dan pengujian hipotesis uji F dan uji t semuanya merupakan komponen dari metode analisis ini. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa minat penggunaan e-wallet secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh biaya, manfaat, dan kepercayaan. Minat penggunakan e-wallet kemudian secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh variabel biaya, manfaat, dan kepercayaan
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS WARGA BINAAN PEMASYARAKATAN (WBP) LAPAS KELAS IIA PALU
Authors: Milka
Published: October 2023

Undergoing a criminal term raises various kinds of problems both physically and psychologically for Prison Assisted Residents (WBP) Class IIA Palu Prison. This is one of the factors WBP experienced stress during his detention period in prison. This study aims to find out the description Psychological Distress to Correctional Families (WBP) in Class IIA Palu Prison. This research uses a quantitative descriptive approach. The participants in this study consisted of 100 participants who were WBP Class IIA Palu prisons using techniques Accidental Sampling. Data collection was carried out using the DASS-42 scale developed by Lovibond and Lovibond (1995) which was adapted into Indonesian by Damanik, (2006) with a reliability value of 0.918. The results showed that 17% had low Psychological Distress  levels, 59% moderate, 24% high. The scores obtained by the participants moved from a minimum score of 30 to a maximum score of 92 with a standard deviation of 14.27. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that most of the participants had a moderate level of Psychological Distress.
A Review of Artificial Intelligence and its Application in Business
Authors: Njeru Fauziya
Published: October 2023

In recent years, there has been a noticeable rise in the proliferation of services and intelligent products, accompanied by their widespread consequential socioeconomic implications and commercial availability.This development prompts an inquiry into whether the current emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) is merely a transient trend or possesses genuine transformative potential for the global landscape. This study explores the extensive implications of AI and provides a comprehensive analysis of its positive and negative effects on the business sector. AI has shown significant use in the administration of complex systems, as well as providing assistance to people across many operations. AI is often used in the business sector to provide help for the decision-making process. It is utilized to create various simulations and serves as a foundation for building a competitive edge for organizations. By integrating AI systems throughout many departments within a company, there exists the potential to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of business operations, hence leading to heightened satisfaction with the services or goods offered by these firms. Several applications of AI in the business domain include marketing, research and development, manufacturing, and quality management.
La participación ciudadana en la ciudad de Salta: estado de situación y propuestas de mejora.
Authors: Bertrés Jesús Rodolfo , Mendoza Videla Agustina , Rodríguez Ruffino María Cecilia
Published: October 2023

Los mecanismos de participación ciudadana constituyen herramientas fundamentales de todo sistema democrático, especialmente en los municipios, ya que configuran la comunidad política a la que se incorporan las personas. Sin embargo, en los hechos, a pesar de encontrarse previstos en las cartas magnas y ordenanzas municipales, muchas veces ellos no son efectivamente implementados. Es por ello que, con esta investigación, nos propusimos abordar la recepción normativa de los mecanismos de participación ciudadana y su efectiva implementación en la gestión pública local del municipio de la ciudad de Salta, a los fines de elaborar propuestas superadoras, partiendo del análisis de las experiencias de municipios del país, la región y el continente.

Este artículo es producto del proyecto de investigación “Los mecanismos de participación ciudadana en el ámbito municipal de la ciudad de Salta”, aprobado por Resolución Rectoral N° 1220/21 de la Universidad Católica de Salta.
El arte de la escucha para la construcción de sentidos y respuestas restaurativas. Un aporte de la interdisciplina
Authors: Fortbetil Eliana , Clemente Miriam , Gómez María Bettina
Published: October 2023

El trabajo pretende problematizar y repensar las prácticas profesionales, en escenarios socio jurídicos complejos que involucran a jóvenes y en los que prevalece un sentido punitivo sin participación real del otro. Así, se propone resaltar el momento de la entrevista y a su vez en ella, la pregunta y la escucha como un arte que brinda posibilidades de consolidar sujetos autónomos y responsables a la par que se visibilizan supuestos socioculturales judiciales que obstaculizan el desarrollo de tales aspectos. En todo esto es decisiva la intervención interdisciplinaria, por lo que, entonces, el trabajo conduce a la formulación de una estrategia de abordaje específica a partir de intercambios dialógicos, restaurativos y con un enfoque en pos de los derechos humanos.
Sivil Toplum Örgütlerinin Kavramsal ve Tarihsel Gelişimi
Authors: OLÇAR Kemal
Published: October 2023

Sivil Toplum Kuruluşlarının (STK) son dönemde küresel ve yerel politika yapım ve karar alma süreçlerindeki rolü anlamlı şekilde artmıştır. Özellikle devlet mekanizmasının yeterince ilgi göstermediği veya yeterli yeteneğe sahip olmadığı alanlarda üçüncü sektör olarak STK’ların varlığı ve fonksiyonu toplumsal gelişime katkı sağlamıştır. Bu bağlamda özellikle “sivil”, “sivil toplum” ve “sivil toplum kurumu” kavramlarının tarihsel ve teorik perspektiften incelenmesi örgütlenmenin önemini ortaya çıkaracaktır. Diğer taraftan STK’ların işlev alanlarının çeşitliliği, kâr amacı gütmemeleri ve gönüllülük esasına dayanan özellikleri ve diğer olanakları bireysel özgürlüklere de alan açabilecektir. Aynı zamanda karar verme süreçlerinin daha demokratik yürütülebilmesi ve ulusal/küresel refahın dengeli/eşit dağılımının gerçekleşebilmesi için, STK’ların kurumsal anlamda rolünün artabileceği ve politika üretiminin hiyerarşik kalıplarının yerini işbirlikçi ağ benzeri müzakere ve pazarlık türlerine bırakabileceği değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çerçevede yapılan çalışmada sivil toplum olgusuna ilişkin kavramsal veriler ve örgütlenme ile ilgili konular tarihsel süreç ile birlikte tanımlanacak ve toplumsal değişime katkıları nitel araştırma yöntemi ile araştırılacaktır.
Skills Requirements for a Knowledge Economy as a Determinant of Private Demand for Postgraduate Studies in Selected Universities in Kenya
Authors:   Kenyatta University, Wamuyu Macharia Anne
Published: October 2023

Although there has been a consistent increase in private demand for postgraduate studies in Kenyan universities, recent trends indicate a decline in postgraduate enrolment. This decline presents potential challenges in attaining both the objectives of the universities and Kenya's Vision 2030. Existing literature highlights that the decision to pursue postgraduate studies is influenced by various factors, one of which is skills requirements for a knowledge economy. Within this context, the primary aim of this study was to evaluate how skills requirements for a knowledge economy affects private demand for postgraduate studies in selected universities in Kenya. Employing an explanatory sequential mixed methods design, the study combined both quantitative and qualitative approaches to comprehensively examine the effects of skills requirements for a knowledge economy on private demand for postgraduate studies. The target population comprised all 60,515 students enrolled in Master's and PhD programmes in both public and private chartered universities in Kenya during the research period. The study employed a systematic random sampling technique to select 395 Master's and PhD students from four public chartered universities and three private chartered universities, which were purposefully selected. Data collection was done through the use of questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data underwent thematic and content analysis. The regression model for skills requirements for a knowledge economy and private demand for postgraduate studies, yielded a regression coefficient of B = .447, signifying significance. However, with a probability level of p = .099 > .05 (at a significant level of p < .05), skills requirements for a knowledge economy emerged as a non-significant predictor of private demand for postgraduate studies. The study reveals that while pursuing postgraduate studies increases an individual's competitiveness and standing within an organization, it falls short of providing all the crucial skills required by the labour market. To address this, the study advocates for the integration of innovative studies into postgraduate programmess in universities in Kenya, thereby expanding the training institutions' offerings to meet the country's advanced skills needs. The study further recommends enhanced collaboration between universities and employers in both the private and public sectors, as well as relevant industries in the labour market. This partnership would facilitate the provision of accurate information, training opportunities, and employment prospects for postgraduate students, ultimately bridging the gap between their education and the skills demanded by the labour market. Keywords: Skills requirements, Knowledge economy, Private demand, Postgraduate studies.
Development of an Automated Hall Effect Experimentation Method for the Electrical Characterization of Thin Films
Authors:   Kabarak University, Kenya, Orega A. M.
Published: October 2023

There has been drastic growth in the microelectronics industry in the recent past. The performance of these materials is influenced by their structural, electrical, and optical properties among others, depending on their applications. Therefore, the need to conduct measurements of the semiconductor characteristics precisely, quickly, and conveniently cannot be overstated. Some of the desirable features of measurements include usability, accuracy, resolution, repeatability, and consistency which cannot be assured with manually operated systems. This study strived to design and interface an automated computer-aided four-point probe test equipment that characterizes materials to determine their electrical properties. A four-point probe head, an electromagnet, NI Keithley model 6220 Precision current source, model 7001 switch, model 2182A Nanovoltmeter, and model 7065 Hall Effect card instruments were interfaced with the NI LabVIEW program running in a computer through a GPIB hub to a PC USB for its full control. The four-probe head was utilized to probe the samples with a square symmetry that was adopted for the measurement of the semiconductor properties. Reliability tests were conducted on a standard P-type Germanium sample. The collected data was within 0.32% of the expected results. This work forms a basis for automating similar systems that were inherently designed to be operated manually. Keywords: Automated Hall Effect, manually operated systems, Hall angle, thin films, string manipulation routines.
PENGARUH PARAMETER CT UNTUK OPTIMISASI DOSIS RADIASI DAN KUALITAS CITRA CT SCAN PADA PEMERIKSAAN KEPALA DAN ABDOMEN DI RS SENTRA MEDIKA CIBINONG
Authors:   RS Sentra Medika, Cibinong, Indonesia, Syeh Alzufri Habib , Nurmiati Dede
Published: October 2023

Radiation dose optimization in head and abdomen examinations is an effort to ensure safety and minimize the risks of exposure to CT Scan radiation. Therefore, various efforts are necessary to reduce radiation doses. This study aims to obtain an optimal radiation dose while maintaining image quality. The optimization efforts were carried out by the radiology team at RS Sentra Medika Cibinong using the CT Scan GE OPTIMA 660. The method involved scanning head and abdomen phantoms using optimization factors (Noise Index, Slice Thickness, Pitch, and Rotation Time) and then analyzing the images for noise uniformity, MTF (Modulation Transfer Function), and NPS (Noise Power Spectrum) while recording radiation dose in terms of CTDIvol and DLP. Based on the research data using GE standard Head protocol and respective optimizations, the radiation dose values obtained were CTDIVol = 68 mGy; DLP = 2042 mGy.cm and CTDIVol = 48 mGy; DLP = 1662 mGy.cm. Furthermore, the image quality produced by the GE standard Head protocol and respective optimizations resulted in MTF values of 0.55 (1/mm) and 0.91 (1/mm), noise uniformity of 0.6 HU and 1.6 HU, and NPS deviation of 8.7%. Regarding the Abdomen protocol, using GE standard and respective optimizations, the radiation dose values obtained were CTDIVol = 32 mGy; DLP = 1025 mGy.cm and CTDIVol = 22 mGy; DLP = 955 mGy.cm. Additionally, the image quality produced by the GE standard Abdomen protocol and respective optimizations resulted in MTF values of 0.58 (1/mm) and 0.6 (1/mm), noise uniformity of 0.6 HU and 1.6 HU, and NPS deviation of 7.6%. Thus, the protocols using optimization factors were proven to reduce radiation dose by approximately 41.6-45.4% while maintaining image quality compared to the GE standard protocol, which focuses more on improving image quality rather than optimizing the radiation dose received by patients. Keywords: CT Scan, Optimization Factors, Image Quality, CTDIvol, DLP.
JUSTIFIKASI PROTOKOL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY CARDIAC PROSPECTIVE DAN RETROSPECTIVE DITINJAU DARI ANALISIS KUALITAS CITRA DAN ESTIMASI DOSIS RADIASI
Authors:   Instalasi Radiologi, RS Indriati Solobaru, Sukoharjo, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia, Andi Rukmana Dito
Published: October 2023

Cardiac CT is an imaging technique that detects the condition of the coronary arteries. EKG-triggered techniques are used to improve the resolution of coronary artery images and minimize artifacts caused by cardiac motion. Retrospective cardiac computed tomography remains the first choice for maximum image quality, especially in relative contraindications such as arrhythmias and high heart rates during the cardiac cycle. The prospective technique can significantly reduce the radiation dose compared with the retrospective technique. This study aimed to see the effectiveness of this prospective technique in terms of radiation dose and image quality. The effective dose analysis method is with indoseCT software and calculated with a formula from CTDIvol and DLP. Image quality was assessed by calculating the SNR by comparing prospective and retrospective techniques. The study results regarding image quality show that the retrospective method has an SNR value of 44, and the SNR value of the prospective method is 35. Dose estimation by indoseCT software obtained results. Retrospective techniques yield the following results: The effective dose is 24.09 mSv, and the prospective technique provides an effective dose of 12.54 mSv. Using the prospective technique shows that the dose can be reduced by 47.94% compared with the retrospective technique. The estimated dose was manually calculated based on CTDIvol and DLP, resulting in an effective dose of 33.5 mSv with the retrospective technique and an effective dose of 11.95 mSv with the prospective technique. Using the prospective technique shows that the dose can be reduced by 64.32% compared with the retrospective technique. The rationale for choosing a potential cardiac CT regimen must be careful and precise, as it may not apply to all patients. Use recommendations apply only to patients with low, stable heart rates and less than five bpm variability. Keywords: CT Cardiac, effective dose, Retrospective ECG-Gating, Prospective ECG-Gating.
ANALISIS AUDIT DOSIS SEBAGAI UPAYA OPTIMISASI PADA PEMERIKSAAN CT ABDOMEN INTRAVENOUS (IV) DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PUSAT ADAM MALIK MEDAN
Authors:   Departemen Radiologi, RSUP H. Adam Malik, Medan Sumatera, 20136, Indonesia, Simanjuntak Josepa , Damanik Martua , Yudha Prasetya Indra , Agung Maulana Irfan
Published: October 2023

Audits are conducted on CT scan examinations using dose metrics to assess the need for optimization in computed tomography procedures. Diagnostic reference levels (DRL) provide an indicator that helps optimize patient medical exposure by adhering to the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). In the radiology unit at Adam Malik Hospital, efforts were made to reduce the radiation dose given to patients during CT abdominal IV examinations by using the lowest possible radiation dose without compromising image quality. The CT scans were carried out on 1526 patients using a Philips Ingenuity brand CT Scan, type MRC880, serial number 168014, and a built-in phantom as a patient representation. The radiation output was represented by the volumetric computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP). The physical parameters of tube voltage (kV) and pitch were evaluated to optimize the CT abdominal IV dose. At the same time, the Signal Difference to Noise Ratio (SDNR) was used to analyze image quality for each change in physical parameters. The results of dose audit data for CT abdominal IV patients, when using parameters of 120 kV and 1.1-1.2 pitch, obtained a Q2 value of 1452 mGy.cm higher than I-DRL of 1360 mGy.cm. Data from measurements with a phantom at 100 kV and 1.40-1.48 pitch showed a lower dose than the previous parameters. CT abdominal IV patient dose data with 100 kV and 1.40 -1.48 pitch showed that the DLP value in Q2 was 755 mGy.cm, lower than the previous measurement of 1452 mGy.cm. This means that there was a 52% decrease in dose after changing the parameters of 100 kV and 1.40 -1.48 pitch with image quality remaining optimal. The highest SDNR value of 12 was obtained at 100 kV and 1.48 pitch. The results indicate that it is necessary to establish a new protocol for CT abdominal IV with parameters of 100 kV and 1.40 -1.48 pitch for adult patients over 15 years of age. Keywords: optimization, radiation dose, image quality, CT abdomen
IMPLEMENTASI INDONESIAN DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVEL (I-DRL) PADA PELAYANAN DIAGNOSTIK IN VIVO KEDOKTERAN NUKLIR DI RSUP DR. SARDJITO TAHUN 2022-2023
Authors:   Sub Bagian Kedokteran Nuklir dan Teranostik Molekuler, Instalasi Radioterapi dan Kedokteran Nuklir, RSUP Dr. Sardjito, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Endah Sari Nur , Aryanto Bangbang , Ligaya Mardikaningrum Embun , Setiyo Widarno Ipnu , Wisnusaputra Aditya
Published: October 2023

The Indonesian Diagnostic Reference Level (I-DRL) value in nuclear medicine was only published in November 2022 by the Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN). Implementing I-DRL in in-vivo diagnostic services in nuclear medicine at Sardjito Hospital, which has been running so far, needs ongoing evaluation to help realize an increase in the ratio of benefits to risks of radiation to patients. This research aims to apply I-DRL nuclear medicine at Dr. Sardjito Hospital while still applying the principles of optimizing medical exposure. Optimization focuses on maintaining guaranteed image quality, namely images that are readable or not readable by nuclear medicine specialists, while still implementing radiation protection against medical exposure. The research is a retrospective descriptive method from bone scan patient data from 2022-2023. The selection of 299 bone scan data was based on the most frequently performed examinations. The bone scan imaging tool used was a GE brand single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT-CT) gamma camera type NM/CT 870 DR. Image processing uses a comparison of region of interest (ROI) values from the target and background on the femur bone using Xeleris software. Based on the image analysis results, the target and background's lowest, average, and highest comparison values were respectively 1.15, 2.1, and 3.75. Spearman statistical testing was also carried out between the dose per Body Mass Index (BMI) and the target/background value ratio, obtaining an R-value of -0.046, which means the two variables have a weak relationship. This research provides information that I-DRL Bone scan can be implemented without affecting the image quality results. Implementing I-DRL is a form of optimizing radiation protection for patients, preventing unnecessary radiation exposure, and ensuring the quality of nuclear medicine services will improve in the future. Keywords: I-DRL, in vivo diagnostics, optimization, radiation protection, bone scan.
OPTIMISASI PROTEKSI DAN KESELAMATAN RADIASI TERHADAP PAPARAN MEDIK PADA FOTO RONTGEN DADA MENGGUNAKAN PENGATURAN FAKTOR EKSPOSI
Authors:   RS Bhayangkara Bondowoso, Jawa Timur, Indonesia, Islamiyah Inganatul , Sudewi D.P. Astiti , Ayu Nuril Azizah Dyah , Mulyati Oktaviana Dwi , Syafitri Ramadhanti Vira
Published: October 2023

Chest X-ray examination is a type of examination that is often carried out in radiology installations. Every patient who undergoes a chest X-ray examination will receive radiation exposure. The amount of chest X-ray radiation exposure depends on the exposure factors that currently refer to the manufacturer's recommendations. So, it is necessary to optimize radiation protection, which aims to reduce the radiation dose without lowering the quality of the resulting images. One way to do this is by adjusting the exposure factor while maintaining optimal image quality. The method reduces the voltage from 100 kV to 95 kV with a fixed mAs. This method was applied to a total of 100 chest X-ray patients. Each PA position has 50 patients, and AP has 50 patients. Calculations are carried out using the radiation output equation to determine changes in the patient's radiation dose. Next, qualitative and quantitative analysis was carried out to determine changes in the quality of chest X-rays before and after reducing the tube voltage and qualitatively based on a questionnaire assessment by a radiologist while quantitatively based on statistical tests of Exposure Index (S) and Lattitude (L) values on Fujifilm digital radiography. The results show that reducing the voltage can reduce the Entrance Surface Air Kerma (ESAK) from 0.2578 mGy to 0.2295 mGy. In other words, there was a reduction in the radiation dose for chest X-ray patients by 0.0283 or around 11%. Qualitatively, the image results still meet the criteria for chest image acceptance. Likewise, quantitatively, data was obtained that the S and L values of chest X-rays before and after reducing the voltage were not significantly different. The independent data difference test value is 0.598 for the PA projection and 0.809 for the AP projection with α = 0.05. The results of this study indicate that optimization of radiation protection and safety against medical exposure on chest X-rays using exposure settings can be applied by reducing the voltage (kV). Keywords: tube voltage, chest X-ray, X-ray, radiation dose, image quality, radiation protection.
ANALISA KUALITAS RADIORGRAF TERHADAP NILAI INDEKS EKSPOSUR STUDI PADA PASIEN PEDIATRIK PEMERIKSAAN BABY GRAM
Authors:   Universitas Awal Bros, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia, Angella Shelly , Pandu Asmara Putra Angga , Eko Pranoto Yoni ,   RSUD Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia, Annisa Annisa , Hulmansyah Danil
Published: October 2023

A child's body is still growing, making it more radiation-sensitive. Radiographic examinations such as baby gram X-rays in children must pay attention to the ALARA principle (as low as reasonably achievable). The radiograph results will produce good quality and pay attention to the child's radiation dose. This study aims to analyze the exposure index's value in selecting exposure factors for babygram radiographic examination. An assessment is also carried out on the radiograph's noise value to assess the image's excellent quality in the study. This research is quantitative with an experimental design. The analysis was carried out at Arifin Achmad Regional Hospital, Riau Province. The research method is to produce two radiographs from a baby gram X-ray examination with a predetermined exposure factor. The assessment is done by looking at the exposure index and noise values produced on each radiograph. Exposure factors influence sensitivity values, dose values, and noise values. The sensitivity value can determine the value of the dose released. Sample 1, with exposure factor setting kV 65 and mAs 2.5, obtained a sensitivity value of 76 and produced a dose value of 2,631 mR. Sample 2, with exposure factor setting kV 45 and mAs 4, got a sensitivity value of 241 and a dose value of 0.828 mR. Noise value is lower in sample 2. Keywords: Exposure Index, exposure factor, X-rays, baby gram, noise
QUALITY CONTROL CT SCAN (ANALISIS DAN EVALUASI KUALITAS CITRA)
Authors:   RSD Gunung Jati Kota Cirebon, Jawa Barat, Indonesia, Asni Nur , Nur Utami Moh. Shofi ,   RSUD Cideres Kabupaten Majalengka, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Published: October 2023

Producing high-quality CT scans is crucial for accurately interpreting images and obtaining maximum diagnostic information. However, it usually comes at the cost of increased radiation exposure for the patient. Therefore, it's essential to evaluate CT scan image quality to ensure that it provides maximum information for diagnostic purposes while keeping the radiation dose received by the patient as low as possible. Several parameters can be used to evaluate the quality of CT scan images, such as accuracy, linearity, uniformity of the CT number, and high contrast resolution (spatial resolution). A phantom scan is carried out routinely once a week to test the quality of CT scan images. In this study, the image quality phantom was scanned using a Philips MX Evo 16 slice CT Scan over three months, which resulted in twelve CT scan image quality phantom image scan data. The CT scan data was processed and analyzed automatically using the IndoQCT application to determine the image quality. The value obtained was then compared with the test pass value stipulated in the Regulation of the Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN) Number 2 of 2018 concerning Compliance Tests for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology X-ray. The average CT number accuracy value obtained was 0.6 HU, with a maximum value of 0.9 HU and a minimum value of 0.2 HU. The average CT number uniformity value obtained was 0.55 HU with a maximum value of 0.8 HU. The average CT number linearity value obtained was 0.9957 HU with a minimum of 0.9956. Meanwhile, the average MTF value obtained was 0.65, with a maximum value of 0.72. This study concludes that the values obtained still meet the CT Scan image quality test set by BAPETEN. Therefore, the CT Scan can still be considered reliable and used for service. Keywords: CT Scan, image quality, CT number, spatial resolution, IndoQCT.
APLIKASI PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH RADIOAKTIF BERBASIS ANDROID DI KEDOKTERAN NUKLIR RSUP DR. KARIADI
Authors:   RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang, Indonesia, Kartutik Kartutik , Akbari Pandaningrum Siti , Rustanto Rustanto , Praja Mukti Anggoro
Published: October 2023

The utilization of ionizing radiation sources for diagnostics and therapy, such as radioactive substances, including radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals, generates radioactive waste. This radioactive waste poses potential radiation hazards for workers, members of the public, and the environment. Therefore, it is crucial to manage it correctly by established regulations. Radioactive waste resulting from the utilization of Nuclear Medicine varies in terms of activity value and mass, necessitating different storage times and appropriate management. Considering these factors, this study aims to develop an Android-based application called 'Si Mbah KeCE Kariadi' (Kalkulasi Limbah Kedokteran-Nuklir Cepat dan Efektif di RSUP Dr. Kariadi) for the management of low and medium-level open radioactive waste in Nuclear Medicine. This application aims to estimate when radioactive waste can be released before being discharged to the hospital's sanitation department. The research method employed in this study involves applying the principles of radioactive waste management, specifically the decay of activity. The radioactive waste release calculator application is generated by utilizing the radioactive decay equation derived from measuring the initial radioactive waste radiation exposure rate using a survey meter radiation measuring instrument and referencing the clearance level value to estimate the release time of the radioactive waste. The evaluation of this application indicates that the radiation exposure value of the radioactive waste is equivalent to the background radiation level at its release, suggesting that it can be disposed of in the hospital sanitation department for further management as infectious waste from patients. Keywords: radioactive waste management, activity decay, application of android, nuclear medicine, clearance level.
STUDI IN VIVO SHIELDING SILICON RUBBER DAN TIMBAL (SR-PB) PADA PEMERIKSAAN COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) OBJEK AYAM
Authors:   Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia, Arifin Zaenal , Sutanto Heri , Avicenna Syifa , Rusmanto Rusmanto ,   Badan Pengawas Tenaga Nuklir (BAPETEN), Jakarta, Indonesia
Published: October 2023

Computed Tomography (CT) produces excellent images when diagnosing patient abnormalities. However, the dose received by some radiation-sensitive organs is a significant concern. This study aims to evaluate the reduction in Hounsfield Unit (HU) values and the resulting image quality of a composite-based shielding consisting of silicon rubber (SR) and lead (Pb), comparing it to whole-body chicken images without shielding during CT examination of the abdomen. Exposure factor by type of abdominal protocols with a voltage of 70 kV, 19 mAs, CTDIvol 0.35 mGy, and DLP 18.8 mGy.cm.The synthetic SR-Pb shield had Pb percentages ranging from 0 to 5 wt% and a thickness of 0.6 cm. Scanning on the chicken's abdomen was performed with and without the SR-Pb shield placed directly on the abdomen surface. The HU values were analyzed using MicroDicom software. Image quality was assessed based on the consistency of HU values in the object's anterior, posterior, and lateral areas. A detailed evaluation of image quality was conducted using image subtraction techniques. The study found that the HU values for specific organs did not tend to increase significantly with an increase in the Pb percentage in the SR-Pb shield. The use of the SR-Pb shield had a minor impact on the resulting images, and image quality was well-maintained for every anatomical part. Application of SR in CT examination with precise image results and HU value of each white matter 79-93 HU, liver 86-111 HU, ribs 1032-1189 HU, wing bones 391-531 HU, upper femur 1512 – 1746 HU. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that the resulting images are high quality without artifacts in chicken images, even at higher Pb percentages. Keywords: shielding, silicon rubber, CT Examination.
ANALISA JARAK AMAN PAPARAN RADIASI BAGI PETUGAS RUMAH SAKIT ICU CENTRAL DI RSUD ARIFIN ACHMAD PROVINSI RIAU
Authors:   Universitas Awal Bros, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia, Angella Shelly , Pandu Asmara Putra Angga ,   RSUD Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riau, Indonesia, Yoshandi T. Mohd , Annisa Aulia , Bisra Marido
Published: October 2023

The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is a room in a hospital with specialized staff and equipment. The patient in the ICU is unstable, so he needs the help of intensive equipment. The ICU patients' limitations require that X-ray examinations be carried out using an X-ray mobile. When an X-ray examination occurs, hospital staff, such as doctors, nurses, and staff, must maintain a certain distance from the radiation source (mobile X-ray aircraft). This study aimed to determine which distances and areas are safe from radiation exposure for hospital medical staff in the Central ICU room at Arifin Achmad Hospital, Riau Province. This research is quantitative with experimental methods. Retrieval of data in research by measuring exposure to radiation doses from 4 different points. The study was conducted from March to July 2023. The data obtained will be analyzed by comparing the results of measurements with NBD based on BAPETEN Regulation No. 15 of 2015 to explore safe areas for hospital staff in the ICU room. Measures at 4-point places show that all-point measurements are safe. Point 1 is the distance from the radiation source to the main door at 11m with a scatter radiation value of 0.9 mSv/y. Point 2 is the distance from the radiation source to the shielding at a distance of 12 m with a scatter radiation value of 0 mSv/y. The most recommended point for the safest medical staff at point 2 (behind the shielding) is the ICU staff room. Keywords: intensive care unit (ICU), safety distance, radiation exposure, X-ray mobile.
INSPEKSI ALAT PELINDUNG DIRI (APD) RADIASI MENGGUNAKAN METODE UJI VISUAL, PALPASI, DAN SINAR-X
Authors:   RSUD Karawang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia, Marini Rini , Apriliati Lita , Silviana Ira , Yusup Nana , Noviani Indah Inez
Published: October 2023

Radiation personal protective equipment (PPE) is highly susceptible to defects and damage, compromising the safety of healthcare workers and patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of PPE owned by Radiology RSUD Karawang to ensure optimal work protection and safety. PPE inspections were conducted at the Karawang District Hospital, including aprons, thyroid protectors, gonad protectors, Pb glasses, and Pb gloves. The methods used were visual tests, palpation tests, and X-ray tests. The results of the inspection revealed that three aprons (9.4%), 1 Pb glass (4%), 1 Pb glove (50%), and one thyroid protector (4%) were damaged. Apron damage was the most frequently observed issue, likely due to the high usage of aprons compared to other radiation PPE. Conducting regular inspections of radiation PPE is crucial to ensure the safety of staff, patients, and patient companions. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of inspecting radiation PPE to identify defects and damage that can compromise the safety of healthcare workers and patients. By doing so, we can ensure optimal protection and safety in the workplace. Keywords: inspection, X-ray radiation, radiation personal protective equipment (PPE), optimal.
MODEL STRATEGI PENGUATAN KOMPETENSI DAN PERAN PERSONEL TERPADU DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN IMPLEMENTASI PROTEKSI DAN KESELAMATAN RADIASI BAGI PASIEN: STUDI KASUS DI RSUD TIDAR KOTA MAGELANG
Authors:   Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia, Latifah Elmiawati , Pribadi Prasojo , Lutfiyati Heni
Published: October 2023

The safety management system is a system that must be enforced so that it will affect individuals and organizations in work units. Every organization has a varying level of understanding or understanding of the concept of safety culture, so positive action is needed to influence the knowledge of safety culture. The purpose of this study was to analyze and formulate strategies to strengthen competence and the role of integrated personnel to increase the implementation of radiation protection and safety for patients at Tidar Hospital, Magelang City. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research with a case study approach. The research subjects consisted of radiographers and radiology installation coordinators. Data collection methods used are observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis used is interactive model data analysis with the help of NVIVO 12 software, which includes data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and concluding radiation protection and safety for patients. Constraints in the implementation of protection are found in external factors, namely lack of knowledge and lack of cooperation of patients, but this can be handled with personal communication and media promotion of education to patients. Recommendations for strategies to strengthen competence and the role of integrated personnel can be implemented by increasing the effectiveness of interprofessional communication of health workers in the Radiology unit and with patients, running a continuous quality assurance cycle, and supporting hospital internal policies. Keywords: Strategy model, safety culture, staff competency, radiation protection, patient safety
ANALISIS DOSE VOLUME HISTOGRAM (DVH) PARU-PARU DAN JANTUNG PADA KASUS KANKER PAYUDARA DENGAN TEKNIK 3DCRT
Authors:   Jurusan Teknik Radiodiagnostik dan Radioterapi, Poltekkes Kemenkes Jakarta II, Jakarta, 12120 Indonesia, Rahmawati1 Firda , Irsal Muhammad , Gunawati Shinta
Published: October 2023

Anatomically, the background of this research focuses on Organ At Risk (OAR), specifically the lungs and the heart, which exist adjacent to the chest wall and consequently receive radiation during radiotherapy. Therefore, efforts to limit the radiation dose to OAR are necessary to minimize the risk of secondary cancers after conducting radiotherapy. The success of therapy also relies on the Treatment Planning System (TPS) for accurate dose planning. The TPS calculates the dose delivered to the patient, which is then displayed as a Dose Volume Histogram (DVH). The objective of this research is to analyze the results of a Dose Volume Histogram (DVH) for organs at Risk (OAR), specifically lungs and heart, as well as Planning Target Volume (PTV) in the cases of breast cancer using the 3DCRT technique. The research design used is a descriptive quantitative comparative analysis through observation. This study was conducted from February to March 2023 at the Radiotherapy Installation of a Hospital in the Jakarta Region. The research involved ten breast cancer patients with a total dose of 50 Gy in 25 times 6 MV energy fraction using the 3DCRT technique. Data analysis was performed using statistical tests with SPSS version 25. The result of this study showed that the average dose received by Organs At Risk (OAR) for the lungs and heart did not exceed the tolerance limits set out by RTOG 0623 (p-value <0.05). The average dose value at 95% Planning Target Volume (PTV) is 0.328 (p-value > 0.05), which means there is no difference in the dose received by 95% PTV or 95% PTV ≥ 4750 cGy. Meanwhile, at 107%, PTV is 0.003 (p-value <0.05), which means there is a difference in the dose received by 107% PTV or 107% PTV ≤ 5350 cGy. The conclusion of this research is that compared to other techniques, and the 3DCRT technique is more often used in breast cancer radiotherapy because of its ability to provide good OAR protection with more limited resources and time. Keywords: breast cancer, 3DCRT, Dose Volume Histogram (DVH), Organ At Risk (OAR), Planning Target Volume (PTV).
Stanowisko szkoleniowe z wykorzystaniem technologii wirtualnej rzeczywistości do symulacji pracy na wysokości
Authors:   Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Jachowicz Marcin , Owczarek Grzegorz , Szkudlarek Joanna
Published: October 2023

W artykule zaprezentowano możliwości zastosowania technologii rzeczywistości wirtualnej w szkoleniach z zakresu bezpieczeństwa podczas pracy na wysokości, a ponadto opisano opracowane w Centralnym Instytucie Ochrony Pracy – Państwowym Instytucie Badawczym autorskie stanowisko szkoleniowe, zintegrowane z aplikacją przeznaczoną do prowadzenia tego typu szkoleń. Umożliwia ono symulację pracy na wysokości na wybranych stanowiskach pracy, w różnych warunkach atmosferycznych oraz z uwzględnieniem elementów doboru sprzętu ochronnego i roboczego. Aplikacja została przygotowana w środowisku Unity 3D na podstawie scenariuszy opracowanych przez autorów artykułu.