bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FOREIGN TRADE EFFECTS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN THE ECONOMY OF THE HOST STATE AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THEIR ASSESSMENT
Authors: САПРИКИНА Н.А. , ЧЖАН И.
Published: July 2024

Статья посвящена исследованию внешнеторговых эффектов прямых иностранных инвестиций в экономике страны-реципиента ПИИ и методических подходов к их оценке. В результате проведенного исследования было выявлено, что вопреки ранним теориям ПИИ, обосновывавшим, что экспорт и ПИИ являются субститутами, вертикальные ПИИ, напротив, приводят к росту экспорта принимающего государства. В статье представлен обзор методик, позволяющих оценить внешнеторговые эффекты ПИИ в экономике принимающего государства, а также характер взаимосвязи между внешней торговлей страны-реципиента и притоком ПИИ.

The authors studied foreign trade effects of foreign direct investment in the economy of the FDI recipient country and methodological approaches to their assessment. As a result of the study, it was revealed that, contrary to early theories of FDI, which argued that exports and FDI are substitutes, vertical FDI, on the contrary, leads to an increase in exports of the host state. The article provides an overview of methods that allow assessing the foreign trade effects of FDI in the economy of the host state, as well as the nature of the relationship between the foreign trade of the recipient country and the influx of FDI.
PROBLEMS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BANKING NETWORK OF THE REGION
Authors: ЧИСТЯКОВА М.К. , СОБЧЕНКО Н.В.
Published: July 2024

В последнее время во всех регионах страны наблюдается изменение конфигурации банковской системы: идет процесс концентрации капитала и активов кредитных организаций, открытия филиалов крупных столичных банков в регионах; прекратилось создание новых кредитных организаций; сокращается число действующих в результате отзыва лицензий и ликвидации кредитных организаций. Несмотря на современное экономическое развитие регионов, следует отметить проблему недостаточности ресурсов. Как следствие, модернизация страны (достаточно часто повторяющееся сегодня словосочетание) возможна только в том случае если будут обеспечены условия кредитования предприятий, которые находятся в сложном финансовом и экономическом состоянии. Данные предприятия должны обеспечивать такое получение выручки, которой было бы достаточно для полного обновления материально-технической базы. Для достижения эффекта мероприятий необходимо время, в связи с чем, условия кредитования банками в регионах должны быть достаточными.

Recently, in all regions of the country there has been a change in the configuration of the banking system: there is a process of concentrating capital and assets of credit institutions, opening branches of large metropolitan banks in the regions; the creation of new credit institutions has ceased; reduction of the number of operating as a result of revocation of licenses and liquidation of credit institutions. Despite the modern economic development of the regions, the problem of insufficient resources should be noted. As a result, modernization of the country (a phrase often repeated today) is possible only if the conditions for lending to enterprises that are in a difficult financial and economic condition are provided. These enterprises must ensure that revenue is received that is sufficient to completely update the material and technical base. To achieve the effect of the measures, time is needed, and therefore the conditions for lending by banks in the regions should be sufficient.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET OF TOURIST SERVICES UNDER MODERN CONDITIONS: GEOGRAPHICAL AND STRUCTURAL TRENDS
Authors: КУРНИКОВА М.В. , БОЛГОВА Е.В.
Published: July 2024

Цель настоящей статьи заключается в комплексном изучении рынка туристских услуг в разрезе ключевых географических направлений прибытий и происхождений туристов, экспорта туристских услуг, а также оценка влияния фактора пандемии на это развитие. Среди всех потрясений третьего тысячелетия, пандемия, вызванная вирусом SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), оказала наиболее существенное влияние на развитие туризма во всех регионах мира. Страны приняли чрезвычайные меры и ограничения, которые повлияли на мобильность людей по всему миру.

The article is aimed at comprehensive study of the market of tourist services in the context of key geographical directions of arrivals and origin of tourists, export of tourist services, as well as to assess the impact of the pandemic factor on this development. Among the shocks of the third millennium, the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has had the most significant impact on tourism development in all regions of the world. Countries have adopted emergency measures and restrictions that have affected the mobility of people around the world.
REGIONAL FRAGMENTATION - A GROWING THREAT FOR GLOBAL GOVERNANCE?
Authors: ЛЮЛЬЧЕНКО Н.С. , МАКАРОВ М.С. , ПРИХОЖАЕВ А.И. , ТАШОВА С.Р.
Published: July 2024

В рамках проведенной работы была проведена аналитическая работа, в рамках которой были рассмотрены с практической и теоретической стороны влияние региональной фрагментации на глобальное управление и на экономические связи. В работы сделан фокус на том, какой урон региональная фрагментация наносит глобальным экономическим связям.

The conducted study involved an analytical examination of the impact of regional fragmentation on global governance and economic ties from both practical and theoretical perspectives. The focus of the work was on the damage caused by regional fragmentation to global economic connections.
REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF GREENING OF URBAN SETTLEMENTS IN RUSSIA
Authors: КИРЬЯНОВА Л.В. , АТАКИШИЕВА Г.Р.
Published: July 2024

В статье приведены результаты дисперсионного, корреляционного и регрессионного анализа двух факторов, относящихся к озеленению российских городов: отношение общей площади зеленых насаждений в пределах городской черты к площади застроек – уровня озеленения городов и отношение общей площади лесовосстановления в пределах городских насаленных пунктов РФ к площади застроек – уровня лесовосстановления.

The article presents the results of dispersion, correlation and regression analyses of two factors related to the greening of Russian cities: the ratio of the total area of green spaces within the city limits to the built-up area - the level of urban greening and the ratio of the total area of reforestation within the urban areas of the Russian Federation to the built-up area - the level of reforestation. The article presents the result of the analysis of the influence of the 7 factors.
THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY IN THE FIELD OF FISHERIES AS AN ELEMENT OF THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE
Authors: ДЕМЧУК О.В.
Published: July 2024

На современном этапе развития экономической системы любого предприятия, главная задача состоит в удовлетворении материальных потребностей людей и эффективном рациональном использовании природных ресурсов. Удовлетворение потребностей населения в качественных продуктах из рыбы и морепродуктов выступает одной из главных целей производственно-хозяйственной деятельности предприятий рыбного хозяйства. Производственно-хозяйственная деятельность предприятия заключается в проведении операций, направленных на производство продукции и удовлетворение потребностей населения в качественных продуктах питания, и как результат, получение положительного финансового результата. Обеспечение продовольственной безопасности предпринимательской деятельности рыбного хозяйства является одним из главных условий стабильного и устойчивого развития и эффективной работы предприятия. Важную роль в структуре продовольственной безопасности играет рыбное хозяйство, а именно выпускаемая рыбная продукция, которая содержит в себе множество полезных для человека микроэлементов, необходимых для обеспечения нормального качества жизни.

At the present stage of development of the economic system of any enterprise, the main task is to satisfy the material needs of people and the effective rational use of natural resources. Satisfying the population's needs for quality fish and seafood products is one of the main goals of the production and economic activities of fisheries enterprises. The production and economic activity of the enterprise consists of carrying out operations aimed at producing products and meeting the needs of the population for quality food products, and as a result, obtaining positive financial benefits. Ensuring food security for fisheries business activities is one of the main conditions for stable and sustainable development and efficient operation of the enterprise. An important role in the structure of food security is played by fisheries, namely manufactured fish products, which contain many beneficial microelements for humans necessary to ensure a normal quality of life.
FEATURES OF THE INTRODUCTION OF INNOVATIVE INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES IN THE MARKETING ACTIVITIES OF DOMESTIC ENTERPRISES
Authors: АТАБАЕВА Э.Р. , АБДУЛАЕВА З.Т.
Published: July 2024

Статья посвящена актуальным вопросам внедрения и использования инновационных интернет-технологий в маркетинговой деятельности на предприятиях. Поскольку мировой рынок электронной коммерции ежегодно растет, это является причиной более глубокого проникновения интернета в разные регионы мира и увеличения онлайн-продаж на существующих рынках. С развитием интернета появилось огромное количество различных дополнительных методов рекламы, которые действительно имеют высокий уровень эффективности. Все они стали возможны благодаря интернет-маркетингу. В статье определена сущность и значение понятия «интернет-маркетинг». Изучены тенденции ведения инновационной, маркетинговой деятельности предприятия, а также развитие и изменения его производственно-хозяйственной деятельности.

The article is devoted to topical issues of the introduction and use of innovative Internet technologies in marketing activities at enterprises. Since the global e-commerce market is growing every year, this is the reason for deeper penetration of the Internet in different regions of the world and an increase in online sales in existing markets. With the development of the Internet, a huge number of different additional advertising methods have appeared that really have a high level of efficiency. All of them became possible thanks to Internet marketing. The article defines the essence and meaning of the concept of "Internet marketing". The trends of the innovative, marketing activities of the enterprise, as well as the development and changes of its production and economic activities are studied.
INTERNET MARKETING TECHNOLOGIES IN THE INFORMATION POLICY OF THE ENTERPRISE
Authors: ЗАРИПОВА Р.С. , УМАТГЕРИЕВА Л.Р. , ДИНАЕВА З.Д.
Published: July 2024

В статье предпринята попытка определить основные критерии эффективности использования интернет-маркетинга как инструмента формирования и реализации информационной политики предприятия и совершенствования его практической деятельности. Успешная деятельность и развитие современного предприятия во многом зависит от внедрения и эффективного применения технологий интернет-маркетинга в его информационной политике. Процессы глобального развития Интернета активно способствовали внедрению инструментов сети как важный маркетинговый фактор в деятельности предприятий. Конкуренция между различными предприятиями и учреждениями не только проявляется, но и проявляется в активной борьбе за сбыт собственных товаров и услуг, получение прибыли, что обусловлено колоссальным увеличением числа потребителей товаров и услуг, и это явление становится актуальным во все более активной интеграции и использовании современных технологий интернет-маркетинга.

The article attempts to determine the main criteria for the effectiveness of the use of Internet marketing as a tool for the formation and implementation of the information policy of the enterprise and the improvement of its practical activities. The successful operation and development of a modern enterprise largely depends on the introduction and effective use of Internet marketing technologies in its information policy. The processes of global Internet development actively contributed to the introduction of network tools as an important marketing factor in the activities of enterprises. Competition between various enterprises and institutions not only manifests itself, but also manifests itself in an active struggle for the sale of their own goods and services, making a profit, which is due to a huge increase in the number of consumers of goods and services, and this phenomenon is becoming relevant in the increasingly active integration and use of modern Internet marketing technologies.
INFORMATION ASYMMETRY IN THE INTERACTION OF "SUBJECT" - "ENVIRONMENT"
Authors: КОЛОБОВА С.В.
Published: July 2024

Рассмотрен вопрос об информационной асимметрии, складывающейся в процессе развития территории. Информационная асимметрия имеет место при взаимодействии «субъект – среда». В нашем случае «субъект» - это житель, а «среда»- комфортность проживания. Проведен анализ ситуаций - информационной асимметрии, в случае ограниченной информации и дополненной информации о различных показателях комфортности. Противоположностью информационной асимметрии является информационное соответствие, к которому надо стремиться.

The question of information asymmetry that develops in the process of territory development is considered. Information asymmetry occurs in the interaction of "subject – environment". In our case, the "subject" is a resident, and the "environment" is the comfort of living. The analysis of the situation is carried out - information asymmetry, in the case of limited information and supplemented information about various comfort indicators. The opposite of information asymmetry is information correspondence, which should be sought.
INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT OF IT COMPANIES
Authors: ШАХБАНОВА З.И. , ШАБАЗОВ И.М. , ГУЗУЕВА Э.Р.
Published: July 2024

Бурное развитие отрасли информационных технологий (ИТ) за последние двадцать лет привело к распространению организаций, результатом которых являются информационные продукты (ИТ-продукты): аппаратные средства, носители информации, телекоммуникационное оборудование и сети, информация в виде текстовых, графических и других документов, программное обеспечение, стандарты, межсетевые протоколы и соглашения. По показателям рентабельности и капитализации эти компании замещают предприятия в традиционных отраслях, а их продукция кардинально меняет технологии производства и устоявшиеся бизнес-модели. Важнейшим ресурсом ИТ-отрасли являются люди как единственные носители креативного, инновационного мышления, а управление персоналом в ИТ-компаниях направлено, прежде всего, на обеспечение высокого уровня новизны и уникальности. Целью статьи является обобщение мирового опыта использования цифровых инструментов в области управления персоналом в ИТ-отрасли. Использование общенаучных методов исследования, таких как анализ, синтез, классификация, обобщение, позволило выделить основные цифровые технологии, которые могут быть использованы в управлении персоналом отечественных ИТ-компаний.

The rapid development of the information technology (IT) industry over the past twenty years has led to the proliferation of organizations that result in information products (IT products): hardware, media, telecommunications equipment and networks, information in the form of text, graphics and other documents, software, standards, internetwork protocols and agreements. In terms of profitability and capitalization, these companies are replacing enterprises in traditional industries, and their products are radically changing production technologies and established business models. The most important resource of the IT industry is people as the only bearers of creative, innovative thinking, and personnel management in IT companies is primarily aimed at ensuring a high level of novelty and uniqueness. The purpose of the article is to summarize the global experience of using digital tools in the field of personnel management in the IT industry. The use of general scientific research methods, such as analysis, synthesis, classification, generalization, made it possible to identify the main digital technologies that can be used in personnel management of domestic IT companies.
USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES TO DEVELOP AN INNOVATION CLIMATE
Authors: ИВАНОВА О.Е. , ДОМОРАДОВ Г.С.
Published: July 2024

Статья представляет обзор цифровых технологий, применяемых на обрабатывающих предприятиях для создания инновационного климата. Авторы рассматривают различные технологии, такие как цифровые фабрики, умные системы и другие, выделяют их особенности и показывают их влияние на развитие промышленных систем в условиях цифровизации. Анализируется текущая ситуация и выявляются тенденции развития цифровых технологий в данной области.

The article presents an overview of digital technologies used in manufacturing enterprises to create an innovative climate. The authors consider various technologies, such as digital factories, smart systems, and others, highlight their features and show their impact on the development of industrial systems in the context of digitalization. The current situation is analyzed and trends in the development of digital technologies in this area are identified.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Kontrol Dan Monitoring Beban 3 Phasa Pada Panel Distribusi Berbasis Internet Of Things
Authors: Sahar Muzni , Pangestu Yoga , Gunawan Arif , Novia Hedri
Published: July 2024

Panel distribusi adalah tempat menyalurkan dan mendistribusikan energi listrik dari panel daya ke panel beban (konsumen) baik untuk instalasi tenaga maupun untuk instalasi penerangan. Permasalahan utama disetiap gangguan atau perbaikan pada penggunaan listrik maka dibutuhkan orang datang ke area untuk mengkontrol dan monitoring panel secara manual. Pada penelitian ini berfokus kepada perancangan dan pembuatan alat kontrol dan monitoring pada beban 3 dan 1 phasa, dengan metode  menggunakan NodeMCU esp 32/8266 dengan sensor pzem004t  sebagai kontrol dan pembacaan tegangan, arus dan frekuensi pada panel, yang dapat dilihat dan dikendalikan secara offline pada panel maupun online dengan menggunakan aplikasi blynk. Pengujian alat yang dilakukan menggunakan beban motor 3 phasa, monitor PC, kipas angin, charger laptop, dan lampu ayam. Dengan menghidupkan beban secara satu persatu maupun secara bersamaan. Dari hasil pengujian Alat dapat hidup dan mati secara online melalui aplikasi blynk dan secara manual menggunakan push button. hasil yang diperoleh cukup akurat dengan persentase error maksimal 8.70%.  Namun Mikrokontroller antara kontrol dan monitoring digunakan secara terpisah.
Sistem Pemantauan Berat Buah Kelapa Sawit Berbasis Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Indani Wira , Lumban Gaol Agustina Elisabet , Wahyuni Sri
Published: July 2024

Kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang memiliki peran dalam pembangunan ekonomi Indonesia. Berdasarkan data badan pusat statistik pada tahun 2021 produksi kelapa sawit merupakan produksi terbesar hasil perkebunan nasional. Provinsi Riau memiliki lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit terluas di Indonesia sebesar 2,86 juta Ha pada tahun 2021. Mayoritas penduduk di provinsi Riau melakukan kerjasama dengan tenaga kerja untuk mengelola dan memanen perkebunan kelapa sawit miliknya. Dengan lahan yang luas menimbulkan minimnya pengawasan dan sulitya data pelaporan hasil perkebunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan timbangan digital berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) dalam hardware dan system. Sistem kerja timbangan dimulai dengan sensor loadcell yang mendeteksi massa beban, kemudian data analog yang diperoleh dikonversi ke digital oleh modul HX711 diteruskan ke mikrokontroler ESP32 dengan menggunakan jaringan wifi untuk pengiriman data ke database. Data yang terbaca oleh sensor ditampilkan pada aplikasi dan display timbangan, data yang tersimpan dapat dilihat kembali pada bagian log aplikasi.
Kata Kunci: ESP32, wifi, LCD, Internet of Things (IoT)
Prototype Alat Pengaman Sepeda Motor Berbasis Arduino Uno Terintegrasi GPS, Notifikasi dan Kontrol Melalui SMS
Authors: Seftiani Yudia
Published: July 2024

Pencurian sepeda motor semakin meningkat sehingga menimbulkan kewaspadaan dan kerugian bagi pemilik kendaraan.  Mencegah pencurian sepeda motor bisa dilakukan dengan membuat protoype alat pengaman inovatif sepeda motor berbasis Arduino Uno yang mengintergarasikan teknologi global positioning system (GPS), notifikasi, dan kontrol jarak melalui short message service (SMS).  Alat ini menggunakan Arduino Uno sebagai otak kontrol utama, dengan modul GPS NEO-6M untuk mendapatkan informasi lokasi secara akurat. Modul komunikasi seluler GSM SIM800L V2 diintegrasikan untuk mengirimkan data lokasi dan menerima perintah melalui SMS. Sensor passive infra red (PIR) sebagai deteksi gerakan juga di impelementasikan untuk mendeteksi dan merespon upaya pencurian. Sistem dapat memberikan notifikasi kepada pemilik sepeda motor melalui pesan SMS ketika terjadi kejadian yang mencurigakan, seperti gerakan tidak diinginkan atau percobaan pencurian.  Pengguna bisa mengontrol fungsi-fungsi tertentu seperti mematikan kendaraan menggunakan relay sebagai pemutus kelistrikan di kendaraan. Pengujian dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi keandalan pelacakan lokasi, kecepatan respon notifikasi dan keamanan umum alat. Pengujian pada alat dilakukan dengan beberapa langkah, pertama pengujian SIM 800L fungsinya untuk melihat kecepatan akses handphone dalam menerima sinyal, kedua pengujian terhadap GPS NEO-6M untuk melihat kecepatan akses pengiriman maps, ketiga pengujian ketika sepeda motor dipindahkan posisinya pada titik tertentu. Hal ini akan melihat seberapa cepat alat yang dirancang dalam mengirimkan sinyal melalui SMS.  Berdasarkan pengujian yang dilakukan alat ini memberikan respon yang cepat dalam rentang waktu 8 hingga 80 detik.   Hasil pengujian menunjukan bahwa alat ini dapat memberikan solusi yang efektif handal dan inovatif untuk meningkatkan keamanan sepeda motor dengan kelebihan berupa integrasi teknologi sederhana namun efisien.
Optimalisasi Kerusakan Jalan di Indonesia Melalui Aplikasi Pelaporan dan Pendeteksi Kerusakan Jalan
Authors: Zain Muhammad mahrus
Published: July 2024

Kerusakan jalan di Indonesia telah menjadi isu yang mendesak yang tidak hanya memengaruhi mobilitas masyarakat, tetapi juga berdampak serius pada keselamatan dan ekonomi negara secara keseluruhan. Berdasarkan data yang dirilis oleh Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) pada tahun 2021, sekitar 31,9% dari total panjang jalan di Indonesia, yang setara dengan 174.298 km, dalam kondisi rusak. Dalam menghadapi permasalahan ini, Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat (PUPR) memiliki peran sentral sebagai instansi pemerintah yang bertugas mengelola infrastruktur jalan dan perumahan. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengusulkan sebuah solusi inovatif melalui pengembangan aplikasi yang diberi nama "JalanKu." Aplikasi ini diharapkan dapat berfungsi sebagai wadah yang memungkinkan masyarakat untuk melaporkan kerusakan jalan secara terstruktur, memfasilitasi interaksi yang transparan antara masyarakat dan Dinas PUPR. Pendekatan penelitian dilakukan dengan tahapan yang komprehensif, termasuk pengumpulan data dengan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif, analisis kebutuhan, serta penerapan teknologi inovatif seperti Internet of Things (IoT) untuk mendukung pendeteksian kerusakan jalan. Produk yang dihasilkan telah dilakukan validasi atau pengujian yang menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi efektif dalam mendeteksi kerusakan jalan dengan tingkat akurasi yang memadai, sedangkan dari sisi penggunaan masyarakat aplikasi mendapat nilai sempurna untuk segi daya tarik, efisiensi, dan ketepatan; serta nilai baik untuk segi kejelasan, stimulasi, dan kebaruan. Hasil penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa penerapan Aplikasi Pendeteksi dan Pelaporan Kerusakan Jalan memiliki potensi besar untuk menjadi langkah signifikan dalam menangani permasalahan kerusakan jalan di Indonesia. Dengan berkolaborasi secara aktif antara pemerintah, sektor swasta, dan masyarakat, maka harapannya dapat mencapai jaringan jalan yang lebih aman, efisien, dan berkelanjutan. Solusi ini juga mempromosikan partisipasi masyarakat yang lebih aktif dalam pemeliharaan infrastruktur, serta membuka peluang untuk mendukung pengambilan keputusan pemerintah yang lebih cerdas dan tepat waktu dalam perbaikan jalan yang diperlukan. Dengan demikian, aplikasi "JalanKu" tidak hanya mengatasi masalah teknis, tetapi juga mendukung terwujudnya tata kelola pemerintahan yang lebih baik dalam bidang infrastruktur jalan di Indonesia
TARIM SEKTÖRÜNÜN EKONOMİK BÜYÜMEYE ETKİLERİ: TÜRKİYE İÇİN ARDL SINIR TESTİ YAKLAŞIMI
Authors: Yağış Onur
Published: July 2024

Türkiye’de Cumhuriyetin kuruluşundan 1980’li yıllara kadar tarım sektöründe destekleyici politikalar uygulanmıştır. 1980-2000 döneminde tarım sektöründe özel sektör devletin yerini alacak biçimde düzenlemeler başlamıştır. Tarım sektörü bu yapısal değişimden olumsuz etkilenerek gittikçe kötü bir konuma gelmiştir. Bu sektörde 2000 sonrasında tarım sektöründe yeniden yapılanma süreci başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye için tarım sektörünün ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkileri 1968-2022 dönemi için ARDL sınır testi ekonometrik yöntemi ile analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre tarım sektörü ile ekonomik büyüme değişkeninin uzun dönemde eşbütünleşik olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Uzun dönem model sonuçlarına göre Tarım sektöründe meydana gelen %1’lik artış ekonomik büyüme üzerinde % 1,57 oranında artışa neden olmuştur. Kısa dönem sonuçlarına göre tarım sektöründeki %1’lik artış, ekonomik büyümede %0,36’lık pozitif artışa neden olmuştur. Bu sonuca göre ele alınan yıllar içerisinde, tarım sektörü ekonomik büyümeye katkı sağlamıştır. Dolayısıyla tarım sektörü ve büyüme arasındaki ilişki göz önünde bulundurularak, politika yapıcıların bu sektöre yönelik politikalar geliştirmesinin makroekonomik bakımdan ülke ekonomisine yararlı olacağı tahmin edilmektedir.
Fetal Ekokardiyografi Yapılan Hastalarımızın Analizi: Endikasyonlar, Risk Grupları ve Postnatal Tanı
Authors: Akdeniz Osman , Yılmaz Erdal
Published: July 2024

Amaç
Fetal ekokardiyografik inceleme deneyimli kişiler tarafından yapıldığında postnatal doğruluk oranı yüksek ve yenidoğanda mortalite ve morbiditeye olumlu yönde etki etmektedir. Çalışmamızda Fetal ekokardiyografi yaptığımız hastaların prenatal verileri ve postnatal sonuçlarını analiz etmeyi amaçladık.
Materyal ve metod
Çalışma Ağustos 2020 ile Aralık 2021 tarihleri arasında kliniğimizde fetal ekokardiyografi yapılan hastalarla yürütüldü. Hastalar fetal ekokardiyografi endikasyonlarına göre yüksek ve düşük riskli hastalar olarak gruplandırıldı ve gruplar arası analiz yapıldı.
Bulgular
Çalışma toplam 365 hastayla yapıldı. Hastaların ortalama yaşı 30,81±5,9 yıl, gebelik haftası 24,97±4,28 hafta olarak hesaplandı. Hastaların 14 (%3,8)’ü çoğul gebelik iken, 131 (%35,9)’i primipardı. Postnatal ekokardiyografi sonuçlarına ulaşılabilen hastaların prenatal tanılarıyla karşılaştırıldığında prenatal tanı doğruluk oranı %95,6 olarak saptandı Fetal ekokardiyografi endikasyonu olarak en sık fetal ultrasonografide kalp hastalığı şüphesi bulunmaktaydı. Hastaların 84(%23)’ünde fetal ekokardiyografide konjenital kalp hastalığı saptanırken en sık saptanan anomali ventriküler septal defektti. Hastaların 230(%63)’u fetal ekokardiyografi endikasyonu olarak yüksek riskli grupta yer alırken, 135(%37)’si düşük risk grubunda yer almaktaydı. Yapılan analizde yüksek riskli hastalarda özellikle önemli kardiyak patolojiler açısından düşük riskli hastalara göre anlamlı artış saptandı(p<0,001)
Sonuç
Deneyimli kişiler tarafından yapıldığında fetal ekokardiyografinin tanı koyduruculuğu yüksektir. Fetal kalp hastalığı açısından yüksek riskli hastalarda fetal ekokardiyografik incelemenin rutin yapılması, düşük riskli hastalarda ise fetal ultrasonografide şüphe bulunması halinde fetal ekokardiyografi yapılması gerektiği kanaatine varılmıştır.
Evangelischer Religionsunterricht - von bibelzentrierter Unterweisung zu subjektorientiertem Lebensweltbezug (1945-1970)
Authors: Dam Harmjan
Published: July 2024

Das Fach Evangelischer Religionsunterricht hat sich unter dem Namen erst am Ende des 18. Jahrhundert etabliert, aber schon im Mittelalter wurden in den Dom-, Stadt- und Klosterschulen Inhalte des christlichen Glaubens unterrichtet. Was und wie unterrichtet wird, hat sich jedoch geändert und es wurden in den letzten 500 Jahren bei der inhaltlichen und konzeptionellen Ausrichtung des Religionsunterrichts immer wieder andere Akzente gesetzt. In diesem Beitrag wird besonders die Entwicklung im Evangelischen Religionsunterricht zwischen 1945 und 1970 betrachtet, weil sich in dieser Zeit eine entscheidende Veränderung vollzogen hat, die bis heute Einfluss auf das Profil des Faches hat. Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg wurde der Religionsunterricht von vielen als ‚Kirche in der Schule‘ verstanden, was seine Besonderheit im schulischen Fächerkanon stark hervorhob. Im Lauf der 1960er-Jahre setzten sich, wie bei anderen Fächern auch, dagegen das curriculare Denken und die sog. ‚Problemorientierung‘ durch, die den Evangelischen Religionsunterricht in der Nähe von Sozialkunde und Lebensgestaltung verortete. (DIPF/Orig.)
Am Anfang war das Fach. Konflikte um die Einführung des Ethikunterrichts in Bayern, 1946–1972
Authors: Seemann Carla
Published: July 2024

In diesem Beitrag untersucht der Autor aus bildungshistorischer Perspektive die Genese des Faches „Ethikunterricht“ in Bayern. Er skizziert einleitend, warum aufgrund des zitierten Verfassungsartikels eine verpflichtende nicht-konfessionelle Alternative zum Religionsunterricht schon 1946 gesetzlich festgeschrieben war und warum dessen Einführung in den 1950er-Jahren dennoch scheiterte. Im Hauptteil des Aufsatzes untersucht der Autor die Periode der Einführung des Ethikunterrichts in den 1970er-Jahren. Anhand der Arbeit der eigens dafür eingerichteten Lehrplankommission am neu gegründeten Staatsinstitut für Schulpädagogik (ISP) und einer wissenshistorischen Analyse des curricularen Lehrplans von 1972 legt der Autor dar, wie die Geschichte des neuen Faches im Kontext der 1970er-Jahre weniger als spezifische Fachgeschichte denn als Brennglas erscheint, durch das zeittypische Spannungen der westdeutschen Bildungspolitik zwischen Planungseuphorie, wissenschaftlichem Fortschrittsversprechen und konservativen Beharrungskräften greifbar werden. Hieran wird deutlich, dass der Ethikunterricht durch die paradoxe Situation seiner verfassungsrechtlichen Verankerung unter gleichzeitiger Deutungsoffenheit seiner inhaltlichen Ausgestaltung immer wieder zu einem diskursiven Gegenstand wurde, über den stellvertretend andere Konflikte ausgehandelt wurden: um die staatliche Deutungshoheit von Moral, zu verteilende staatliche Ressourcen, die Trennung von Kirche und Staat oder die gesellschaftliche Rolle schulischer Werterziehung als solche. Diese ideologischen Streitpunkte wurden im Kontext bildungspolitischer Kämpfe der 1970er-Jahre zunehmend aufgeladen. (DIPF/Orig.)
Das Fach der politischen Bildung auf der Suche nach seinem Proprium. Cover von Politikschulbüchern als bildungshistorische Quellen (1974–2016)
Authors: Benzmann Stephan , Grammes Tilman
Published: July 2024

Es kursieren für das Fach der politischen Bildung historisch, international und aktuell die unterschiedlichsten Fachbezeichnungen: Staatsbürgerkunde, Reichskunde, Gegenwartskunde, Sozialkunde, Gemeinschaftskunde, Weltkunde, Gesellschaftslehre, Gesellschaftswissenschaften, Sozi, Sowi, Gewi, Pobi, WiPo, Politikwissenschaft, Soziale Studien, social studies … Diese Liste ist sicher nicht vollständig. Diese Bezeichnungen korrespondieren zudem mit unterschiedlichen disziplinären Fächerzuschnitten. Mit der offenen Namensgebung korrespondiert möglicherweise eine konzeptionelle Unklarheit über die Fachlichkeit. Das Fach gilt als „Nachkömmling unter den großen pädagogischen Aufgaben der Schule“ (Knepper 1988, 75) und wird noch in aktuellen Überblickswerken einer Allgemeinen Fachdidaktik ausgeklammert oder schlicht vergessen (Bayerhuber u. a. 2017; auch Meister u. a. 2020). (DIPF/Orig.)
Sehen, Hören, Lesen. Method(olog)ische Überlegungen zur videographischen Erforschung von (inklusivem) Unterricht
Authors: Syring Marcus
Published: July 2024

In den letzten Jahren lässt sich sowohl in der bildungswissenschaftlichen wie auch fachdidaktischen Inklusions- und Differenzforschung ein Trend hin zur videographischen Forschung erkennen. Der Beitrag geht daher der Frage nach, inwiefern der videographische Zugriff auf Unterricht, die Beschaffenheit des Mediums sowie die Auswertung der erhobenen Videodaten einen Mehrwert in der Inklusionsforschung haben. Dies wird entlang eigener sowie fremder videographischer Forschung exemplarisch geprüft. Daraus ergeben sich erste Überlegungen und Ordnungsversuche, um zu zeigen, an welchen Stellen das Video nicht nur der Illustration der Analyse sprachlicher Interaktionen dient, sondern darüber hinaus einen erkenntnistheoretischen und/oder inhaltlichen Gewinn für die Inklusionsforschung darstellt. Die exemplarische Sichtung mündet in Vorschlägen zur methodenübergreifenden (Aus-)Nutzung des Potentials von Unterrichtsvideos. (DIPF/Orig.)
Inklusion videographieren. Überlegungen zur Gegenstandsangemessenheit rekonstruktiver Unterrichtsforschung
Authors: Biljan Marina , Reuther Ellen , Martens Matthias
Published: July 2024

Forschung zu inklusivem Unterricht fokussiert häufig auf die (Re-)Produktion exklusiver Strukturen, während Inklusion selbst nur selten empirisch in den Blick gerät. Innerhalb des rekonstruktiven Forschungsparadigmas versuchen wir in diesem Beitrag eine theoretische und methodische Annäherung an Inklusion als Gegenstand videographiegestützter Unterrichtsforschung. Anhand von Videoausschnitten erläutern die Autor*innen, wie Inklusion als Einschluss in schulische Normen verstanden werden kann und welche Implikationen dieses Verständnis auf die Forschungspraxis hat. Sie reflektieren dabei Erkenntnismöglichkeiten im Lichte der normativen Aufladung des Forschungsgegenstands in Forschung und Schulpraxis, der Komplexität von Unterricht sowie der Aspekthaftigkeit des Forschungszugangs. (DIPF/Orig.)
Emotionale Reaktionen von Grundschüler*innen auf sprachliche Modellierungen im inklusiven Deutschunterricht. Eine qualitative, videobasierte Einzelfallstudie
Authors: Hofman Josef
Published: July 2024

Im Deutschunterricht der Primarstufe wird eine inklusive Orientierung auf den gemeinsamen Lerngenstand vor allem in konkreten sprachlichen Handlungssituationen erzeugt. Die Lehrkraft bietet dabei Unterstützung, wenn ihr dies notwendig und angemessen erscheint. Abweichung von sprachlichen Normen bzw. Sprachfehler sollen dabei als individuelle Lernanlässe für die Schüler*innen verstanden werden. Es wird in diesem Zusammenhang auch empfohlen, dass Lehrkräfte unmittelbar nach der Äußerung des Fehlers den Schüler*innen ein sprachliches Modell anbieten, damit sie aus den Fehlern lernen können. Dieser sprachlichen Modellierung durch die Lehrkraft lässt sich dabei sowohl eine explizite als häufig auch eine implizite Bedeutung beimessen, die unterschiedliche Emotionen bei den betreffenden Schüler*innen auslösen können und dadurch in verschiedener Weise deren gefühlte Teilhabe an dem gemeinsamen Lerngegenstand beeinflusst. Um derartige emotionale Reaktionen der Schüler*innen auf eine sprachliche Modellierung der Lehrkraft näher zu untersuchen, wurde im Rahmen einer Einzelfallstudie ein Video von einer inklusiven Deutschstunde an einer Grundschule tiefenhermeneutisch ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass auch beiläufige Konnotationen des sprachlichen Modells bei Schüler*innen negative emotionale Reaktionen hervorrufen können, die dem Ziel einer inklusiven Orientierung potentiell im Wege stehen. (DIPF/Orig.)
IMPACT OF CASE-BASED REASONING ON SELF-MEDICATION BEHAVIOR IN NONMEDICAL STUDENTS USING OVER-THE-COUNTER MEDICINES
Authors: Kurasug Benjawan , Wongpinunwatana Nitaya
Published: July 2024

This study examines the international relevance of a case-based reasoning (CBR) system for self-medication, which is defined as the practice of using over-the-counter medications without professional supervision. Inappropriate use of these medicines can lead to significant public health problems, which require effective responses. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how a CBR system, developed by the authors for over-the-counter medicines, affects students’ perceived performance. The results indicate that the alignment between case-based learning and reasoning directly and indirectly influences perceived performance. This alignment also affected perceived usefulness, perceived behavioral control, and curiosity, which in turn increased the use of teaching tools. This increased use positively impacts students’ perceived performances. However, no indirect effects were found for perceived behavioral control and the use of teaching tools on perceived performance impacts. These findings contribute to existing knowledge and aid the development of educational tools. This paper is novel in providing empirical evidence of the effects of CBR systems on nonmedical students’ learning outcomes. Additionally, a preliminary prototype is being created for a CBR system using over-the-counter medicine cases.
ASSESSING THE STATUS QUO OF SDG 1 IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN CONTEXT
Authors: Vyas-Doorgapersad Shikha
Published: July 2024

This study examines and evaluates the status quo of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 1 in the South African context. The study used a qualitative research approach to compile relevant information. The study used the available secondary data, including a literature review of annual reports, official documents of the South African Statistical Office, published journal articles, and research documents. The information collected related to poverty statistics and causes of poverty in country-specific contexts. Electronic information, which is available on the Internet, was also gathered. Data was analyzed using conceptual and document analyses of the available information. The findings indicate that factors such as lack of education opportunities, unemployment, inadequate entrepreneurship, etc. hamper the implementation and realization of SDG 1(focus) in South Africa (locus). This study also explores the need to consider applicable global and regional interventions that South Africa can adopt for the socio-economic upliftment of communities. This study is novel because even though several academics have examined SDG 1 within the framework of South Africa, no straightforward solution to ending poverty has been proposed. To lessen the impact and persistence of poverty, this study examines a few potential global and regional interventions that could be considered in the national context. Recommendations are made to help policymakers achieve SDG 1.
ANALYZING THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE HARDNESS OF STAINLESS STEEL USING THE DOE METHODOLOGY
Authors: Jewsuwun Kawin , Surin Prayoon
Published: July 2024

This research involves testing the hardness of superalloy steel hardened by the addition of chromium (Cr) and niobium (Nb). The objective was to enhance the mechanical properties and optimize the hardening time of the steel. Preliminary experimental results were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The study included heat treatment at temperatures of 900°C and 1000°C for durations of 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours, after which hardness was measured. It was found that specimens heat-treated at 1000°C showed the most significant increase in hardness. The effect of temperature on the hardness of superalloy steel was further investigated using linear regression analysis. To find an equation for the relationship between hardness and hardening time at 1000°C, the following equation was derived: HV = 895.97 + 0.0 1000 oC Hr_1 + 4.59 1000 oC Hr_2 + 4.29 1000 oC Hr_3 – 39.79 1000 oC Hr_4. The maximum hardness time of superalloy steel is 2 hours. The optimal hardening time for achieving the maximum hardness of superalloy steel was 2 hours.
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF MECHANIZATION IN THE OIL PALM PLANTATION INDUSTRY: A COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS
Authors: Ismail Azman , Osman Lokhman Hakim , Zakaria Kalsom , Hassan Nur Ain Mohd , Kamil Nur Nadia , Zainal Zaida , Liu Haoyan
Published: July 2024

This article describes the challenges in attracting local labor in the Malaysian oil palm plantation industry, which is currently grappling with a significant labor shortage and is heavily reliant on foreign workers, particularly from Indonesia. This dependency raises concerns about the sustainability and resilience of the sector. The international relevance of this study lies in its ability to address this significant labor shortage and its reliance on foreign workers. The purpose of this article is to explore mechanization, particularly in-field collection operations, as a sustainable solution to these labor challenges. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive comparison of worker productivity with and without the adoption of mechanization through a detailed cost–benefit analysis. Primary data were meticulously collected through face-to-face interviews with industry workers and managers, providing a robust dataset for analysis. The findings, derived from four key indicators in the cost-benefit analysis—productivity rates, operational costs, income levels, and overall economic viability—demonstrate that mechanization significantly outperforms manual labor. Specifically, mechanization not only enhances productivity but also reduces operational costs, increases workers’ income, and lessens the industry’s reliance on human labor. These results suggest that mechanization is a viable and beneficial strategy for overcoming labor shortages and dependency issues, ultimately contributing to a more efficient and sustainable oil palm plantation industry in Malaysia. The new method for effectiveness evaluation is confirmed by the detailed calculations presented in this study, and the research results improve the understanding of mechanization benefits, offering a novel approach to developing more sustainable agricultural practices and addressing labor shortages in the Malaysian oil palm plantation sector.
SOCIAL INTERACTIONS AND COMPLIANCE OF MALAYSIANS DURING THE COVID-19 MCO PERIOD
Authors: Nen Salina , Ibrahim Fauziah , Akhir Noremy Md , Sarnon Norulhuda , Abdullah Hilwa
Published: July 2024

International relevance of this study lies in providing a model for understanding social behavior under government-imposed movement restrictions, a topic of global significance during health crises. The purpose of this article is to investigate the social behavior of Malaysian citizens under the Movement Control Order (MCO) due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This article describes a novel quantitative cross-sectional survey method to assess social behaviors and their determinants under restrictive public health measures. Based on data from 3136 Malaysian citizens collected via an online survey between March 27 and April 3, 2020, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of social compliance and behavioral responses during lockdowns. Using descriptive and inferential analyses, including the Pearson Correlation test, the authors found that a majority of the public (59.45%) exhibited high compliance with government procedures, obedience to authority (78%), and open-mindedness (68.5%). Social behaviors such as social stigma (45.6%) and aggressive behavior (88.1%) were well-controlled. Significant links (p>0.01) were found between compliance with authority, obedience to government procedures, aggressive behaviors, and open-mindedness during the MCO period. The findings of this study not only highlight the effectiveness of Malaysian government measures in managing the COVID-19 pandemic and offer valuable insights for other countries. The success of the novel survey approach in fostering social compliance and controlling adverse behaviors suggests its potential for adaptation to other nations and for enhancing strategies for managing public behavior during pandemics. This research is not only relevant to Malaysia but also has implications for understanding and managing social behavior in other countries facing similar health crises.
Quantification of radicals in aqueous solution by positronium lifetime: an experiment using a clinical PET scanner
Authors: Takyu Sodai , Matsumoto Ken-ichiro , Hirade Tetsuya , Nishikido Fumihiko , Akamatsu Go , Tashima Hideaki , Takahashi Miwako , Yamaya Taiga
Published: July 2024

Positrons entered into living organisms can form positronium (Ps), a bound state with electrons. Most of the triplet Ps (ortho-Ps) in insulating materials annihilate with electrons in surrounding molecules, and then the ortho-Ps lifetime varies depending on the surrounding electron density. The ortho-Ps lifetime may add new biological information to positron emission tomography (PET) scan information. In order to discuss the feasibility of quantifying (free) radicals in vivo by the Ps lifetime, we used a clinical PET system to make ortho-Ps lifetime measurements in aqueous solutions containing radicals. The results suggested that differences in radical concentrations in aqueous solutions of the order of a few mM could be quantified by the Ps lifetime if the counting statistic of the detection time difference spectra was more than 108 events. This concentration was much higher than the radical concentration generated in the physiological functions of living organisms. Therefore, we concluded that quantification of radicals generated in vivo by using the Ps lifetime is very difficult employing the current technology.
High-performance negative differential resistance characteristics in homoepitaxial AlN/GaN double-barrier resonant tunneling diodes
Authors: Liu Fang , Xue JunShuai , Li ZuMao , Wu GuanLin , Yao JiaJia , Yuan JinYuan , Liu RenJie , Zhao Cheng , Sun WenBo , Zhang Kai , Zhang JinCheng , Hao Yue
Published: July 2024

In this work, high-performance negative differential resistance (NDR) characteristics are demonstrated in homoepitaxial AlN/GaN double-barrier resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs). The devices are grown by plasma-assisted MBE on bulk GaN substrates and exhibit robust and repeatable NDR at RT. A high peak current density of 183 kA cm−2 is simultaneously demonstrated with a large peak-to-valley current ratio of 2.07, mainly benefiting from the significantly reduced dislocation density and improved hyper-abrupt heterointerfaces in the active region, which boosts the electron quantum transport in the resonant tunneling cavity. The achievement shows the promising potential to enhance the oscillation frequency and output power of GaN-based RTD oscillators, imperative for next-generation high-power solid-state compact terahertz oscillators application.
Výskyt bakterií Tetrasphaera spp. v aktivovaném kalu
Authors: Kohoutová Kateřina , Růžičková Iveta , Matýsek Dominik
Published: July 2024

Fosfor lze z odpadní vody odstraňovat metodou chemického srážení, která je v České republice obvykle upřednostňována, anebo biologicky pomocí polyfosfát-akumulujících organismů. Do skupiny těchto organismů patří i rod bakterií Tetrasphaera, jejichž míra rozšíření na českých čistírnách není dosud známa. Se znalostí zastoupení významných polyfosfát-akumulujících organismů by mohlo být možné na čistírnách na našem území nastolit vhodné podmínky pro zvýšené biologické odstraňování fosforu. Práce je tedy věnována zejména monitoringu výskytu bakterií rodu Tetrasphaera na různých čistírnách odpadních vod v České republice pomocí metody fluorescenční in-situ hybridizace za využití pěti oligonukleotidových specifických sond a následné obrazové analýzy. Získané výsledky jsou dány do kontextu se znalostí podoby technologické linky příslušné čistírny odpadních vod. Tyto informace budou v pozdějším výzkumu posouzeny s ohledem na možné zapojení biologického odstraňování fosforu na českých čistírnách.