bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The 21st Century’s “Music of the Spheres”�
Authors: Benningfield Damond
Published: December 2023

Scientists and artists are giving voice to everything from planets to black holes, enriching the research experience and bringing wonders of the universe to new audiences.
Observing Downwind Structures of Urban HCHO Plumes From Space: Implications to Non‐Methane Volatile Organic Compound Emissions
Authors: Zuo Xiaoxing , Sun Wenfu , De Smedt Isabelle , Li Xicheng , Liu Song , Pu Dongchuan , Sun Shuai , Li Juan , Chen Yuyang , Fu Weitao , Zhang Peng , Li Yali , Yang Xin , Fu Tzung‐May , Shen Huizhong , Ye Jianhuai , Wang Chen , Zhu Lei
Published: December 2023

Non‐methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) have a significant impact on air quality in urban areas. Detecting NMVOCs emission with its proxy HCHO on urban scales from space, however, has been limited by the lack of discernible enhancement. Here we show clear urban HCHO plumes from 16 cities over the globe by rotating TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument HCHO pixels according to wind directions. We fit the downwind structure of the plumes with the exponentially modified Gaussian approach to quantify urban HCHO effective production rates between 7.0 and 88.5 mol s−1. Our results are in line with total NMVOC emissions from the EDGAR inventory (r = 0.76). Our work offers a new measure of total NMVOC emissions from urban areas and highlights the potential of satellite HCHO data to provide new information for monitoring urban air quality.
Developing ophthalmology in Cambodia
Authors: Mandal Priyanka , Shah Camrun , Shah Sunil
Published: December 2023

Over 180,000 Cambodian people are blind and a further 10,000 suffer avoidable blindness each year. Ninety percent of this blindness is avoidable, 79% is curable and 11% is preventable. Three-quarters of this blindness is due to cataracts and the remainder is due to uncorrected vision, glaucoma, corneal scarring and pterygium. The Khmer Sight Foundation (KSF) is a charity reincarnated by Professor Sunil Shah and Sean Ngu. Its mission is to deliver a sustainable eye care model for the country. KSF takes a three pronged approach to this. It is working to develop sustainable eye-care within the country through building physical infrastructure. The second approach is to impact the current cataract backlog of over 300,000 patients with the aid of international support. Thirdly, KSF is paving the way for the next generation through the development of an optometry education programme and training of Cambodian ophthalmologists. Here we present the workings of KSF, clinical cases we have encountered and elaborate upon the future goals of this charity.
The blue carbon of southern southwest Atlantic salt marshes and their biotic and abiotic drivers
Authors: Martinetto Paulina , Alberti Juan , Becherucci María Eugenia , Cebrian Just , Iribarne Oscar , Marbà Núria , Montemayor Diana , Sparks Eric , Ward Raymond
Published: December 2023

Coastal vegetated ecosystems are acknowledged for their capacity to sequester organic carbon (OC), known as blue C. Yet, blue C global accounting is incomplete, with major gaps in southern hemisphere data. It also shows a large variability suggesting that the interaction between environmental and biological drivers is important at the local scale. In southwest Atlantic salt marshes, to account for the space occupied by crab burrows, it is key to avoid overestimates. Here we found that southern southwest Atlantic salt marshes store on average 42.43 (SE = 27.56) Mg OC·ha−1 (40.74 (SE = 2.7) in belowground) and bury in average 47.62 g OC·m−2·yr−1 (ranging from 7.38 to 204.21). Accretion rates, granulometry, plant species and burrowing crabs were identified as the main factors in determining belowground OC stocks. These data lead to an updated global estimation for stocks in salt marshes of 185.89 Mg OC·ha−1 (n = 743; SE = 4.92) and a C burial rate of 199.61 g OC·m−2·yr−1 (n = 193; SE = 16.04), which are lower than previous estimates.
Comparing brute force to transition path sampling for gas hydrate nucleation with a flat interface: comments on time reversal symmetry
Authors: Walsh Matthew R.
Published: December 2023

Time reversal asymmetry may tilt gas hydrate nucleation to amorphous over crystalline solid when using transition path sampling instead of brute force molecular dynamics. Image generated using VMD (J. Molec. Graphics, 1996, vol. 14, pp. 33–38).
In situ dynamic monitoring of the photodegradation process through differential absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Li Qi , Ghasemi Mehri , Lu Junlin , Li Xuying , Mai Haoxin , Caruso Rachel A. , Moss David , Jia Baohua , Wen Xiaoming
Published: December 2023

Photocatalytic degradation is considered a promising method to remove pollutants from the environment.
Cyclic time-separated redox reaction using accumulated electrons in titanium(iv) oxide in a two-phase system
Authors: Suenaga Masato , Murakami Naoya
Published: December 2023

A time-separated redox reaction using accumulated electrons in TiO2 was cyclically repeated in order to increase the amount of the reduction product that has been limited by the saturation value of accumulated electrons in TiO2.
Complexation of heavy metal cations with imidazolium ionic liquids lowers their reduction energy: implications for electrochemical separations
Authors: Tan Shuai , Zhang Difan , Chen Ying , Helfrecht Benjamin A. , Baxter Eric T. , Cao Wenjin , Wang Xue-Bin , Nguyen Manh-Thuong , Johnson Grant E. , Prabhakaran Venkateshkumar
Published: December 2023

Formation of highly reducible ionic liquid lead complexes in dilute aqueous solutions opens up new opportunities to employ green ionic liquids to separate heavy toxic metals efficiently.
The (NH4)2CO3 exchange reaction and double-spike MC-ICP-MS method for gypsum U–Th dating
Authors: Wang Xuefeng , Wang Lisheng , Ma Zhibang , Liu Yanhong , Duan Wuhui , Tan Ming , Xiao Jule
Published: December 2023

This study presents a rapid and practical method for high-precision U–Th dating of gypsum using the (NH4)2CO3 exchange reaction and double-spike method by MC-ICP-MS.
Acousto-optofluidic 3D single cell imaging of macrophage phagocytosis of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Authors: Richard Cynthia , Vargas-Ordaz Erick J. , Zhang Yaqi , Li Jian , Cadarso Victor J. , Neild Adrian
Published: December 2023

Understanding how immune cells such as monocytes or macrophages within our blood and tissue engulf and destroy foreign organisms is important for developing new therapies.
A density model for screening hydrogen bond donors to improve the efficiency of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Xu Chengjin , Wang Hongfei
Published: December 2023

The relationship between the η (extraction efficiency or distribution ratio) vs. ρHBDs (density of hydrogen bond donors) is established to screen suitable or narrow down the selection of hydrogen bond donors (HBDs).
Exfoliation and restacking route to Keggin-Al13-treated layered ruthenium oxide for enhanced lithium ion storage performance
Authors: Lee Minseop , Park Ji-Ho , Paek Seung-Min
Published: December 2023

Ruthenium oxide nanosheets were used as hosts for the Keggin-Al13. The synthesized AR-150 has stable cycling performance as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Benzimidazole-modified organosilane functionalized silica nanoparticles as a ‘turn-off’ fluorescent probe for highly selective Cu2+ ion detection: unravelling logic gate behaviour and molecular docking studies
Authors: Singh Gurjaspreet , Mohit  , Singh Akshpreet , Priyanka  , Khurana Sumesh , Mithun  , Singh K. N. , Nayyar Jasamrit , Mohan Brij
Published: December 2023

The present work involves the synthesis of a new benzimidazole derived organosilane and its hybrid silica nanoparticles for the recognition of Cu2+ ions and this nanocomposite demonstrated a strong affinity for Cu2+ ions.
Correction: When SF5 outplays CF3: effects of pentafluorosulfanyl decorated scorpionates on copper
Authors: Noonikara-Poyil Anurag , Muñoz-Castro Alvaro , Boretskyi Andrii , Mykhailiuk Pavel K. , Dias H. V. Rasika
Published: December 2023

Correction for ‘When SF5 outplays CF3: effects of pentafluorosulfanyl decorated scorpionates on copper’ by Anurag Noonikara-Poyil et al., Chem. Sci., 2021, 12, 14618–14623, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1SC04846E.
Theoretical prerequisites in the organization of the construction of diagnostic systems, microprocessor blocks of a typesetting group of railway automation and telemechanics
Authors: Azizov Asadulla , Ametova Elnara
Published: December 2023

The article presents the results of theoretical research in the organization of the construction of a diagnostic system, microprocessor blocks of a typesetting group of railway automation and telemechanics. Products made with the use of microcontrollers, using mathematical expressions to determine the criteria for evaluating the diagnostic process, were subject to research. A graph of the theory of Petri nets of transitions of the diagnostic system of blocks of a set group has been developed and analyzed to determine the readiness indicator.
Robotic path planning using NDT ultrasonic data for autonomous inspection
Authors: Zhang Mengyuan , Sutcliffe Mark , Carswell David , Yang Qingping
Published: December 2023

Robot deployed ultrasonic inspection for Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) offers several advantages including time efficiency gains, the reducing of repetitive manual workloads for operators and the enabling of inspection of environments hazardous to human health. Due to accuracy requirements, NDT robotic inspection has traditionally used the concept of digital twins for path planning activities. Recent development has sought to automate this process through visual feedback using low-cost camera sensors. However, these methods do not take into account the use of NDT data itself as part of the robot path planning process. As a consequence, poor path planning accuracy can result due to the inability of conventional cameras to capture internal defects or geometric features. This paper introduces a novel concept of using the NDT ultrasonic data as part of a robotic path planning feedback loop. Firstly, the robot is manually positioned near the start of a weld, and the ultrasonic data is collected. Next, algorithms are implemented to monitor changes in the weld geometry, to determine the robot's movement and pose based on real-time monitoring data, and to enable the robot to autonomously scan a weld with a minimum of operators input, path planning or digital twin. This is advantageous to NDT as visual sensors are unable to monitor geometric features within the weld. The ability to use the NDT data ensures the inspection continues at the optimal configuration (e.g. correct stand off and limiting probe skew), and achieves optimal path planning for NDT robots. The experimental results have shown that the tracking algorithm can effectively and accurately track defects in the sample during the ultrasonic probe detection process with an error rate within ±1 mm.
Erratum: Sepsis geht alle an!
Authors: Hecker Ruth
Published: December 2023

Sepsis gilt weltweit als eine der am häufigsten auftretenden Erkrankungen und Todesursachen. Mindestens 85 000 Todesfälle treten allein in Deutschland auf und doppelt so viele Menschen versterben an Sepsis im Krankenhaus wie an einem Schlaganfall und Herzinfarkt gemeinsam. Das Tückische an der lebensbedrohlichen Erkrankung: Sepsis kann in jedem Lebensalter (vom Säugling bis ins hohe Alter) und in jeder Lebenssituation entstehen. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick zu Entstehung und Symptomatik von Sepsis bei Erwachsenen und geht im Besonderen auf Sepsis bei Kindern und Neugeborenen ein.
Electronic and spin states at edges of finite p-orbital helical atomic chain
Authors: Kato Takemitsu , Utsumi Yasuhiro , Entin-Wohlman Ora , Aharony Amnon
Published: December 2023

In connection to the chiral-induced spin selectivity effect, we theoretically analyze the electronic and spin states of edges of a finite p-orbital helical atomic chain with the intra-atomic spin–orbit interaction. This model can host the spin-filtering state in which two up-spins propagate in one direction and two down-spins propagate in the opposite direction without breaking the time-reversal symmetry (TRS). The enhancement of charge modulations concentrated at the edges due to the evanescent states is induced, although the spin density is absent because of the TRS. A Zeeman field at an edge of the atomic chain, which breaks the TRS, yields a finite spin polarization, whose direction depends on the chirality of the molecule. The chirality change induces a reasonable amount of the energy difference, which may provide an insight into the enantioselective adsorption of chiral molecules on the ferromagnetic surface.
Growth of droplet-free InSbBi on GaAs substrate
Authors: Tan Kian Hua , Loke Wan Khai , Wicaksono Satrio , Yoon Soon Fatt
Published: December 2023

Indium antimonide bismide (InSbBi) has emerged as a highly promising material for long-wavelength infrared photodetection devices due to its unique small energy bandgap (<0.17 eV) compared to existing III–V compound semiconductors. Despite its potential, experimental studies on InSbBi are still incomplete and scarce. Furthermore, the challenges associated with incorporating Bi and producing high-quality, defect-free samples are yet to be adequately addressed. To tackle these issues, we systematically investigated the growth of InSbBi on a GaAs substrate in this study. We incorporated up to 3.4% of Bi into InSbBi material. Our research contributes significantly to the field by demonstrating a technique for growing high-quality InSbBi material with Bi content of up to 2.3%, which is free of droplets and features a smooth surface. We achieved this goal by dynamically adjusting the Sb flux, carefully controlling the interplay between the Bi flux and the growth temperature, and implementing a post-growth annealing process. Our work is crucial for developing InSbBi technology as it contributes to the understanding of the growth process and surface morphology of InSbBi. Moreover, our results provide a path toward producing high-quality InSbBi samples.
Surface acoustic wave confinement inside uncorrelated distributions of subwavelength scatterers
Authors: Deletang Thibault , Noual Adnane , Bonello Bernard , Buisine Roman , Pennec Yan , Djafari-Rouhani Bahram
Published: December 2023

We report an experimental study of surface acoustic wave (SAW) localization and propagation in random metasurfaces composed of Al scatters using pump–probe spectroscopy. Thanks to this technique, wideband high frequency acoustic modes are generated, and their dynamical propagation directly from inside of the media with a high (micrometric) spatial resolution is enabled. During SAW propagation, part of the acoustic wavefront energy is trapped within free areas between the scatterers, acting as cavities. The spectral content of the localized modes of a few GHz is found to depend on the shape and size of the cavities but also on the landscape seen by the wave during its propagation before arriving inside them. The experimental results are supported by numerical simulations using the finite element method. This study is the phononic part of a more global research on the co-localization of elastic and optical waves on random metasurfaces, with the main objective of enhancing the photon–phonon interaction. Applications could range from the design of acousto-optic modulators to ultrasensitive sensors.
Reduction of thermal conductivity in carbon nanotubes by fullerene encapsulation from machine-learning molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Lu Yimu , Shi Yongbo , Wang Junyuan , Dong Haikuan , Yu Jie
Published: December 2023

The carbon nano-peapod is a representative structure with interlayer van der Waals (vdW) interactions, in which encapsulated fullerene molecules play a critical role in modulating the transport properties of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In particular, their influence on the thermal transport characteristics has been the focal point of considerable attention. In this study, we trained an accurate machine learning potential for fullerene-encapsulated CNTs based on the efficient NEP model to investigate their thermal properties. Using equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation along with the spectral decomposition method for thermal conductivity, we find that the thermal conductivity of fullerene-encapsulated CNTs is roughly 55% lower than that of empty CNTs, aligning with experimental observations for CNT bundles with fullerene encapsulation [Kodama et al., Nat. Mater. 16, 892 (2017)]. The research suggests that weak vdW interactions between both the fullerene and CNTs, as well as between fullerene molecules themselves, hinder phonon propagation. The encapsulated fullerene contributes to an increase in phonon scattering within the CNTs, ultimately leading to a reduction in thermal conductivity. We utilized machine learning potential to investigate the structure of fullerene-encapsulated CNTs and their heat transport property. This approach provides valuable insights for performance research of complex systems featuring interlayer vdW interactions.
Large gear structure assembly method based on uncalibrated image visual servo guidance
Authors: Kong Shengjie , Huang Xiang
Published: December 2023

The reliability of the transmission system hinges significantly on the assembly quality of its main component, the large gear structures. However, the traditional approach of employing manual lifting presents a host of challenges, such as high assembly complexity and lowered efficiency, rendering the overall assembly process notably arduous. In this study, a large gear structure assembly method based on uncalibrated image visual servo guidance is proposed. Comprising three modules, the approach involves constructing a task function for projective homography, estimating the image Jacobian matrix, and designing an adaptive servo controller. This methodology facilitates the mapping of changes in gear images to the motion of the end-effector in the parallel mechanism. Consequently, the system dynamically guides the end-effector to achieve the required attitude adjustments in the gear assembly in response to changes in the image features. Experimental results demonstrate that the method proposed surpasses alternative approaches, simultaneously exhibiting a significant enhancement in assembly efficiency. The method has a wide application prospect in the field of automated assembly of large gear structures.
Self-powered silicon metal–semiconductor–metal photodetector based on asymmetric Schottky barrier heights
Authors: Kim You Jin , Kumar Mondal Ramit , Kumar Ghimire Mohan , Kim Munho
Published: December 2023

We present a highly efficient self-powered silicon metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) photodetector (PD). The key feature of our device lies in its asymmetric electrode design, which induces an asymmetry in the Schottky barrier heights at the MSM interface. We utilize a built-in electric field that originates from the larger electrode and extends toward the smaller electrode due to the presence of trapped holes on the larger electrode side. This approach facilitates efficient charge carrier separation and collection, leading to self-powered operation across a wavelength range of 300–1000 nm at 0 V bias. The PD exhibits a high responsivity of 513 mA/W and detectivity of 2.04 × 1011 Jones at a wavelength of 1000 nm. Furthermore, the normalized photocurrent-to-dark current ratio (NPDR) analysis reveals the PD's superior dark current suppression capabilities, resulting in high sensitivity and reliable detection.
Supersonically expanded sodium metal-dilute halogen gas interactions. The importance of reaction populated and energy storing reservoir states and population inversion created amplification in Na2
Authors: Gole James L. , Dixon David A.
Published: December 2023

The reactions of Cl, Br, and I with Nan=2,3 produced in a supersonic expansion form Na2* and Na* excited states extending across the visible and ultraviolet regions. Emission in the region extending from 410 to 600 nm indicates selectively formed excited state Na2 emission features. Experimental evidence suggests that this emission is associated with Na3 + X reactions. Broadband (0.5 cm−1) laser measurements demonstrate gain (population inversion) for select features at∼524–528(1%), ∼492(0.3%), and ∼458.7–461(0.8%) nm. Single mode (0.007 cm−1) measurements extending from 528.03 to 527.63 nm demonstrate amplification involving five to six individual rovibronic levels with a maximum gain close to 3% recorded at 527.9 nm. The observed gain is associated with select transitions from levels of the Na2 11Πu state populated, via identified curve crossings, through collision induced transfer from long-lived Na2 21Σg+ and 11Πg reservoir states. Collision induced population buildup in the lowest vibrational levels of these reservoir states and collision induced transfer to the Na2 11Πu state create a population inversion in transitions to the X 1Σg+ state of Na2. The observed amplification is aided by rapid vibrational and rotational relaxation in both the Na2 ground and excited reservoir states producing amplifiers in the visible region like the HF amplifier in the infrared. This study suggests the importance of reaction populated and energy storing long-lived reservoir states in small sodium molecule combustion processes and indicates the potential for providing new short wavelength visible and ultraviolet amplifiers for future laser-based chemical propulsion concepts.
The role of elastic instability on the self-assembly of particle chains in simple shear flow
Authors: Smith Matthew G. , Gibson Graham M. , Link Andreas , Raghavan Anand , Clarke Andrew , Franke Thomas , Tassieri Manlio
Published: December 2023

Flow-induced self-assembly (FISA) is the phenomena of particle chaining in viscoelastic fluids while experiencing shear flow. FISA has a large number of applications across many fields including materials science, food processing, and biomedical engineering. Nonetheless, this phenomena is currently not fully understood and little has been done in literature so far to investigate the possible effects of the shear-induced elastic instability. In this work, a bespoke cone and plate shear cell is used to provide new insights on the FISA dynamics. In particular, we have fine-tuned the applied shear rates to investigate the chaining phenomenon of micrometer-sized spherical particles suspended into a viscoelastic fluid characterized by a distinct onset of elastic instability. This has allowed us to reveal three phenomena never reported in literature before, i.e.,: (I) the onset of the elastic instability is strongly correlated with an enhancement of FISA; (II) particle chains break apart when a constant shear is applied for “sufficiently” long-time (i.e., much longer than the fluids' longest relaxation time). This latter point correlates well with the outcomes of parallel superposition shear measurements, which (III) reveal a fading of the elastic component of the suspending fluid during continuous shear flows.
Spin–orbit coupling of electrons on separate lanthanide atoms of Pr2O2 and its singly charged cation
Authors: Nakamura Taiji , Dangi Beni B. , Wu Lu , Zhang Yuchen , Schoendorff George , Gordon Mark S. , Yang Dong-Sheng
Published: December 2023

Although it plays a critical role in the photophysics and catalysis of lanthanides, spin–orbit coupling of electrons on individual lanthanide atoms in small clusters is not well understood. The major objective of this work is to probe such coupling of the praseodymium (Pr) 4f and 6s electrons in Pr2O2 and Pr2O2+. The approach combines mass-analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy and spin–orbit multiconfiguration second-order quasi-degenerate perturbation theory. The energies of six ionization transitions are precisely measured; the adiabatic ionization energy of the neutral cluster is 38 045 (5) cm−1. Most of the electronic states involved in these transitions are identified as spin–orbit coupled states consisting of two or more electron spins. The electron configurations of these states are 4f46s2 for the neutral cluster and 4f46s for the singly charged cation, both in planar rhombus-type structures. The spin–orbit splitting due to the coupling of the electrons on the separate Pr atoms is on the order of hundreds of wavenumbers.
Learning from initial reviews of multilingual graphics illustrating dementia caregiving
Authors: Davis Boyd H. , Maclagan Margaret , Troutman-Jordan Meredith
Published: December 2023

This study traces the initial processes in creating and assessing ‘comics,’ or graphic materials of various sorts,
which illustrate situations in dementia caregiving. Dementia care materials intended for paid caregivers need to accommodate three
related work situations (home care aides, residential care aides and nursing assistants), and be comprehensible for low-literacy
and second-language caregivers. Their creation draws on pragmatic constructs underlying an emphasis on reading oneself into the
materials and on interpersonal interaction between caregiver and recipient. While our focus here is on English, we also illustrate
our work with Filipino, Latin American Spanish, and Taiwanese Mandarin.
Cultural attitudes and behavioural change: A conceptual examination of the wolf and the publisher
Authors: Nelson Kathryn
Published: December 2023

Cultural transformation is required to support positive attitudinal change towards the natural environment. Cultural intermediaries are influential in the dissemination of environmental knowledge since they support and promote cultural activities through their role as gatekeepers and tastemakers of culture. They are, therefore, influential in knowledge transfer, through their work as publishers, arts managers, producers, and curators. Consequently, they play a pivotal role in the creation of an individual’s attitudes. This conceptual article, is specifically, concerned with publishers and how they can influence a person’s attitudes towards the Eurasian wolf (
Canis lupus lupus
) and its cousins, the North American grey wolf (
Canis lupus
) and red wolf (
Canis rufus
). Furthermore, a change of attitude can impact on an individual’s beliefs, feelings, and behaviour. Especially since any attitudes an individual holds are often a result of social learning, rather than direct contact or knowledge of the wolf. Consequently, to achieve behavioural change, it is necessary to challenge existing knowledge and attitudes, here the work of cultural intermediaries can be critical. For example, publishers can help to create cognitive dissonance within individuals which may support positive behavioural change towards the natural environment. Given the significant role intermediaries have within European and North American societies and their ability to change individual behaviour, it is crucial that their impact on environmental knowledge and attitudes be considered.
Achieving in-plane biaxial magnetic anisotropy of permalloy films by localized magnetoelastic coupling
Authors: Bo Guohao , Lei Ting , Wang Xinyu , Zhao Rongzhi , Zhang Jian , Zhang Xuefeng , Jiang Yong
Published: December 2023

Magnetic films with in-plane magnetic anisotropy have been extensively applied in the field of magnetoelectronic devices. Here, we report a control method for the in-plane magnetic anisotropy of Ni80Fe20 films by localized magnetoelastic coupling. Nanotrenches are patterned on Ni80Fe20/polymethyl methacrylate bilayers, and the Young’s modulus mismatch between micro-patterned magnetic/polymer layers directionally releases the local stress. Due to magnetoelastic coupling, the directed tension distribution can rearrange the stripe domain along the patterned nanotrenches and induce the in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of the Ni80Fe20 films. Using hierarchically patterned tension distributions with 2D nanotrench arrays, in-plane biaxial magnetic anisotropy can be arbitrarily designable in Ni80Fe20 films.
Conductance modification of molybdenum oxide thin films through oxygen-vacancy engineering for visible-blind ultraviolet photodetection
Authors: Wu Qiang , Wang Rui , Cai Xinwei , He Fuxiu , Jiao Jinlong , an Yuying , Lin Guangyang , Wu Shaoxiong , Huang Wei , Chen Songyan , Li Cheng
Published: December 2023

We propose a simple approach to locally modify the conductance of molybdenum oxide thin films with thermal annealing in oxygen atmosphere at relatively low temperature for constructing a visible-blind ultraviolet photoconductor. The amorphous MoO
x
is grown by remote plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (RPALD), and then crystallized into α-MoO
x
at 500 °C in argon atmosphere, which exhibits good conductance with resistivity of 3.9 × 10−3 Ω cm due to the formation of oxygen vacancies. Good ohmic contact between Ti and the crystallized MoO
x
is demonstrated with specific contact resistance of 9.74 × 10−4 Ω cm2. The lateral Au/Ti-MoO
x
-Ti/Au structures are defined and the conductance of the exposed MoO
x
channel is significantly modified by thermal annealing in oxygen atmosphere to form a photodetector, which shows obvious photoresponse at the wavelength of less than 372 nm with low dark current of 0.9 pA at 5 V, and the remarkable responsivity of 0.75 mA W−1 at 280 nm is achieved with a high ultravoilet/visible rejection ratio. The low dark current and incredible responsivity can be attributed to the good ohmic contacts of untreated MoO
x
and the reduction of number of oxygen vacancies in the MoO
x
channel. The key role of oxygen vacancy on the conductance of MoO
x
has been demonstrated. Those results suggest that the MoO
x
thin films are promising candidate for visible-blind ultraviolet photodetectors in a simple complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible process.
A light-controlled single-atom nanozyme hydrogels for glutathione depletion mediated low-dose radiotherapy
Authors: Zhong Yang , Li Xiaopeng , Qi Pengyuan , Sun Chenglong , Wang Zhanggui
Published: December 2023

Due to the unique ability to mimic natural enzymes, single-atom nanoenzymes (SAE) have garnered significant attention and research in tumor therapy. However, their efficacy often faces challenges in terms of drug delivery methods, and the research regarding their applications in radiotherapy is scarce. Herein, we introduce a light-controlled SAE hydrogel platform (SH) for glutathione-depletion-mediated low-dose radiotherapy. The SH incorporates a Cu single-atom enzyme (CuSA), and upon irradiation with 1064 nm near-infrared light, the CuSA can convert light energy into heat, which in turn degrades the hydrogel, enabling the release of CuSA into tumor cells or tissues. The diffused CuSA not only can facilitate the conversion of H2O2 into hydroxyl radicals (•OH), but also can effectively depletes cellular glutathione. This leads to increased sensitivity of tumor cells to radiotherapy, resulting in enhanced cytotoxicity even at low doses. The animal study results further confirmed the good tumor-killing efficacy of this SH system. To the best of our knowledge, this stands as the pioneering report on leveraging a single-atom enzyme for GSH depletion-mediated low-dose radiotherapy.
NNLO QCD predictions of the asymmetry probe of the Z
γ pair-production process
Authors: Saygin Kadir
Published: December 2023

The paper presents for the first time a novel idea of exploiting asymmetry between differential cross sections of the off-shell Z
γ pair-production in proton-proton (pp) collisions for the final states of a charged-lepton pair plus a photon pp → Z
γ → l
+
l
−
γ (leptonic decay) and of a neutrino pair plus a photon

pp
→
Z
γ
→
ν

ν

¯

γ

(invisible decay). Asymmetry between the leptonic and invisible decays of the Z
γ process is investigated by using fixed-order predictions through inclusion of next-to-next-to-leading (NNLO) radiative corrections in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) perturbation theory. NNLO QCD predictions are presented at various pp-collision energies as functions of several key observables including transverse momenta and azimuthal-angle separation, regarding the Z
γ decay products. The predicted distributions for the Z
γ asymmetry are provided based on realistic fiducial phase-space requirements in line with the related hadron-collider measurements. The predicted distributions are assessed at various pp-collision energies and in different phase-space regions such as with higher lepton-pair invariant mass

m

l

+

l

−

or higher neutrino-pair transverse momentum

p

T

ν

ν

¯

requirements. The Z
γ asymmetry is shown to be significantly sensitive in different regions of phase space including high-

m

l

+

l

−

and high-

p

T

ν

ν

¯

regions. The Z
γ asymmetry can therefore be translated into an important quantity for probing deviation from the Standard Model (SM) predictions. In this regard, the asymmetry probe is proposed as a sensitive indicator for indirect searches for physics beyond the SM encompassing high-mass resonances and dark-matter sector.
Generic numerical and analytical methods for solving nonlinear oscillators
Authors: Kontomaris Stylianos Vasileios , Mazi Ioanna , Chliveros Georgios , Malamou Anna
Published: December 2023

Nonlinear oscillations are a challenging problem due to the high complexity of the underlying differential equations. This paper focuses on the nonlinear oscillator with cubic and harmonic restoring force as it represents a very general case. In particular, many well-known oscillators (e.g., the Duffing equation, the capillary oscillator, the cubic-quintic Duffing oscillator, the simple pendulum, etc) are subcases of it. Accurate solutions in terms of Fourier series functions for different oscillation amplitudes were derived using an energy-based numerical method and fitting processes. In addition, an analytical approach was developed by finding the derivative of the restoring force function at the point

x
=

c

0

A
,

where

A

is the amplitude of the oscillation, and

c

0

is a constant. Using this approach, the error was negligible (∼0.02–0.22%) even for A → ∞. The methods and solutions for the nonlinear oscillator with cubic and harmonic restoring force can be equally applied to all its subcases.
Topology of Hayward-AdS black hole thermodynamics
Authors: Sadeghi J , Afshar M A S , Noori Gashti S , Alipour M R
Published: December 2023

Recently, the investigation of the topological classes of black holes with two different methods has attracted the attention of researchers with respect to the existence of critical points, which are important structures in the phase diagram of a thermodynamic system. One of these methods is the examination of the topological classes of black holes with the help of Duan’s topological current ϕ-mapping theory. Therefore, we consider three different types of black holes, i.e. Hayward-AdS black holes, quintessential Hayward-AdS black holes, and AdS Hayward black holes in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity. Then we explore their thermodynamic topological classes. The interesting point to note in our studies is that, unlike previous studies, all of our black holes have the same topological class, and the addition of quintessence or GB terms, etc, or dimensions does not change the topological numbers. In the end, we compare the thermodynamic topological class of our black holes with other black holes investigated in the literature.
Computational insight on transport properties of Re-doped Janus monolayer WSeTe
Authors: Jipin P M , Choudhary Tanu , Biswas Raju K
Published: December 2023

Designing a stable two-dimensional (2D) n-type semiconductor with a wider bandgap and higher carrier conductivity could be a promising material for advanced transport device applications. In this study, we design experimentally synthesized Janus monolayer WSeTe and use ab-initio-based density functional theory combined with Boltzmann transport theory to explore charge carrier anisotropy in mobility. We emphasise structural and transport properties in terms of scattering information to modulate the transport mechanisms in computing carrier mobility and electrical conductivity. We also substitute Re in WSeTe to optimize carrier concentration which eventually increases electrical conductivity in Re0.5W0.5SeTe. Thus, our findings on new 2D materials used in nanoelectronics should encourage researchers to explore innovative energy materials with higher bandgap without compromising electrical conductivity.
In2S3 thin films with potential use as window layers in photovoltaic devices
Authors: García-Mejía M F , Sastré-Hernández J , Aguilar-Hernández J , Becerril-Silva M , Mendoza-Pérez R , Cruz-Orea A
Published: December 2023

In this study, we use the Haacke’s figure of Merit (FOMH) as a valuable parameter for determining suitable Indium Sulphide thin films among a set of samples processed with different deposition parameters, in order to use them as window layers in the usual configuration of photovoltaic devices. Two sets of In2S3 thin films were deposited by radiofrequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique with an average thickness around 90 nm and using different deposition parameters. One set of samples was processed using different RF power in the range of 75–250 W at room temperature, the second set was obtained using different substrate temperatures 24 °C–350 °C keeping a constant RF power at 75 W. The FOMH consider optical and electrical properties of In2S3 thin films in order to evaluate the feasibility of the thin film to be used as a window layer in photovoltaics devices. The In2S3 thin films processed by RF-Sputtering were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and four-probe method. The In2S3 thin films had a high optical transmittance of 84% and the energy band gap values of the films decreased from 2.48 to 2.38 with the increase in substrate temperature and deposition power. The estimated grain size decreasing from 65 to 45 nm as the RF power increased. Additionally, the crystallinity of the selected In2S3 thin films was analyzed by Raman and XRD and showing that the cubic and tetragonal β-In2S3 phases can coexist in the films. The In2S3 thin films showed resistivity vales around

10

−
5

Ω
∙
cm
.

Higher values of FOMH were obtained for In2S3 thin films processed at 75 W, 250 W, 100 °C and 300 °C, therefore these layer are feasible candidates to be used as window layers in photovoltaic devices.
An SZ-like effect on cosmological gravitational wave backgrounds
Authors: Daniel Tatsuya , Howard Marcell , König Morgane
Published: December 2023

Cosmological gravitational wave backgrounds (CGWBs) are the conglomeration of unresolved gravitational wave signals from early Universe sources, which make them a promising tool for cosmologists. Because gravitons decouple from the cosmic plasma early on, one can consider interactions between gravitons and any particle species that were present in the very early Universe. We show that analogous to the cosmic microwave background, elastic scattering on any cosmological background will induce small distortions in its energy density spectrum. We then quantify the magnitude of these spin-dependent spectral distortions when attributed to the dark matter in the early Universe. Lastly, we give estimates for potentially measurable distortions on CGWBs due to gravitational scattering by primordial black holes.
Vorticity generation in cosmology and the role of shell crossing
Authors: Umeh Obinna
Published: December 2023

There is no source for cosmic vorticity within the cold dark matter cosmology. However, vorticity has been observed in the universe, especially on the scales of clusters, filaments, galaxies, etc.
Recent results from high-resolution general relativistic N-body simulation show that the vorticity power spectrum dominates over the power spectrum of the divergence of the peculiar velocity field on scales where the effective field theory of large-scale structure breaks down. Incidentally, this scale also corresponds to the scale where shell-crossing occurs. Several studies have suggested a link between shell crossing in the dark matter fluid and the vorticity generation in the universe, however, no clear proof of how it works within general relativity exists yet. We describe for the first time how vorticity is generated in a universe such as ours with expanding and collapsing regions. We show how vorticity is generated at the boundary of the expanding and collapsing regions. Our result indicates that the amplitude of the generated vorticity is determined by the jump in gradients of the gravitational potential, pressure and the expansion rate at the boundary.
In addition, we argue that the presence of vorticity in the matter fields implies a non-vanishing magnetic part of the Weyl tensor. This has implications for the generation of Maxwell's magnetic field and the dynamics of clusters. The impact of accelerated expansion of the universe and the existence of causal limit for massive particles are discussed
A multilayer network diffusion-based model for reviewer recommendation
Authors: Huang 黄 Yiwei 羿炜 , Xu 徐 Shuqi 舒琪 , Cai 蔡 Shimin 世民 , Lü 吕 Linyuan 琳媛
Published: December 2023

With the rapid growth of manuscript submissions, finding eligible reviewers for every submission has become a heavy task. Recommender systems are powerful tools developed in computer science and information science to deal with this problem. However, most existing approaches resort to text mining techniques to match manuscripts with potential reviewers, which require high-quality textual information to perform well. In this paper, we propose a reviewer recommendation algorithm based on a network diffusion process on a scholar–paper multilayer network, with no requirement for textual information. The network incorporates the relationship of scholar–paper pairs, the collaboration among scholars, and the bibliographic coupling among papers. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm outperforms other state-of-the-art recommendation methods that use graph random walk and matrix factorization and methods that use machine learning and natural language processing, with improvements of over 7.62% in recall, 5.66% in hit rate, and 47.53% in ranking score. Our work sheds light on the effectiveness of multilayer network diffusion-based methods in the reviewer recommendation problem, which will help to facilitate the peer-review process and promote information retrieval research in other practical scenes.
Dual-wavelength pumped latticed Fermi–Pasta–Ulam recurrences in nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Zhang 张 Qian 倩 , Yao 姚 Xiankun 献坤 , Dong 董 Heng 恒
Published: December 2023

We show that the nonlinear stage of the dual-wavelength pumped modulation instability (MI) in nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) can be effectively analyzed by mode truncation methods. The resulting complicated heteroclinic structure of instability unveils all possible dynamic trajectories of nonlinear waves. Significantly, the latticed-Fermi–Pasta–Ulam recurrences on the modulated-wave background in NLSE are also investigated and their dynamic trajectories run along the Hamiltonian contours of the heteroclinic structure. It is demonstrated that there has much richer dynamic behavior, in contrast to the nonlinear waves reported before. This novel nonlinear wave promises to inject new vitality into the study of MI.
Higher-dimensional Chen–Lee–Liu equation and asymmetric peakon soliton
Authors: Han 韩 Qiao-Hong 巧红 , Jia 贾 Man 曼
Published: December 2023

Integrable systems play a crucial role in physics and mathematics. In particular, the traditional (1+1)-dimensional and (2+1)-dimensional integrable systems have received significant attention due to the rarity of integrable systems in higher dimensions. Recent studies have shown that abundant higher-dimensional integrable systems can be constructed from (1+1)-dimensional integrable systems by using a deformation algorithm. Here we establish a new (2+1)-dimensional Chen–Lee–Liu (C–L–L) equation using the deformation algorithm from the (1+1)-dimensional C–L–L equation. The new system is integrable with its Lax pair obtained by applying the deformation algorithm to that of the (1+1)-dimension. It is challenging to obtain the exact solutions for the new integrable system because the new system combines both the original C–L–L equation and its reciprocal transformation. The traveling wave solutions are derived in implicit function expression, and some asymmetry peakon solutions are found.
Personalized inference for neurostimulation with meta-learning: a case study of vagus nerve stimulation
Authors: Mao Ximeng , Chang Yao-Chuan , Zanos Stavros , Lajoie Guillaume
Published: December 2023

Objective. Neurostimulation is emerging as treatment for several diseases of the brain and peripheral organs. Due to variability arising from placement of stimulation devices, underlying neuroanatomy and physiological responses to stimulation, it is essential that neurostimulation protocols are personalized to maximize efficacy and safety. Building such personalized protocols would benefit from accumulated information in increasingly large datasets of other individuals’ responses. Approach. To address that need, we propose a meta-learning family of algorithms to conduct few-shot optimization of key fitting parameters of physiological and neural responses in new individuals. While our method is agnostic to neurostimulation setting, here we demonstrate its effectiveness on the problem of physiological modeling of fiber recruitment during vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). Using data from acute VNS experiments, the mapping between amplitudes of stimulus-evoked compound action potentials (eCAPs) and physiological responses, such as heart rate and breathing interval modulation, is inferred. Main results. Using additional synthetic data sets to complement experimental results, we demonstrate that our meta-learning framework is capable of directly modeling the physiology-eCAP relationship for individual subjects with much fewer individually queried data points than standard methods. Significance. Our meta-learning framework is general and can be adapted to many input–response neurostimulation mapping problems. Moreover, this method leverages information from growing data sets of past patients, as a treatment is deployed. It can also be combined with several model types, including regression, Gaussian processes with Bayesian optimization, and beyond.
A novel unsupervised dynamic feature domain adaptation strategy for cross-individual myoelectric gesture recognition
Authors: Liu Yan , Peng Xinhao , Tan Yingxiao , Oyemakinde Tolulope Tofunmi , Wang Mengtao , Li Guanglin , Li Xiangxin
Published: December 2023

Objective. Surface electromyography pattern recognition (sEMG-PR) is considered as a promising control method for human-machine interaction systems. However, the performance of a trained classifier would greatly degrade for novel users since sEMG signals are user-dependent and largely affected by a number of individual factors such as the quantity of subcutaneous fat and the skin impedance. Approach. To solve this issue, we proposed a novel unsupervised cross-individual motion recognition method that aligned sEMG features from different individuals by self-adaptive dimensional dynamic distribution adaptation (SD-DDA) in this study. In the method, both the distances of marginal and conditional distributions between source and target features were minimized through automatically selecting the optimal feature domain dimension by using a small amount of unlabeled target data. Main results. The effectiveness of the proposed method was tested on four different feature sets, and results showed that the average classification accuracy was improved by above 10% on our collected dataset with the best accuracy reached 90.4%. Compared to six kinds of classic transfer learning methods, the proposed method showed an outstanding performance with improvements of 3.2%-13.8%. Additionally, the proposed method achieved an approximate 9% improvement on a publicly available dataset. Significance. These results suggested that the proposed SD-DDA method is feasible for cross-individual motion intention recognition, which would provide help for the application of sEMG-PR based system.