bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Pneumothorax: A Retrospective Review of Aetiology, Pathogenesis and Management
Authors: Primrose W. R.
Published: January 2017

A retrospective analysis was made of all spontaneous pheumothoraces admitted to a Respiratory Unit between 1976 and 1981. There were 117 individuals responsible for 148 admissions, with a male to female ratio of 2: 1, giving a higher incidence amongst females than has been previously reported. Significantly fewer admissions were noted during May, June and July. Of the total survey population 89 per cent had smoked and in 40 per cent there was pre-existing lung disease. There was a history of two or more pneumothoraces in 36 per cent. Tetracycline pleurodesis, while attempted in 19 patients, was successful in only ten. Twelve patients underwent thoracotomy with a preponderance following right sided lesions. The duration of admission was more than 20 days for 17 per cent of the population. The aetiology, pathogenesis and management of pneumothorax is discussed.
A Case Report
Authors: Follett G. F. , Finn O. A. , Stewart K.
Published: January 2017

A normal healthy male infant was delivered by caesarian section because of low maternal urinary oestrogen excretion. Postnatal follow up showed that the child developed ichthyosis and that there was a family history of x-linked recessive ichthyosis. It is suggested that unexplained low urinary oestrogens should prompt enquiry about a family history of ‘dry skin’.
Multiple Sclerosis in a Glasgow Tenement
Authors: Thomas Myfanwy , Robertson Moira
Published: January 2017

Two males and two females brought up in the same Glasgow tenement later developed multiple sclerosis. Two of the four, a brother and sister, owned a dog who died of distemper when they were respectively eight and 12 years old.
Genito-Urinary Tuberculosis in Glasgow 1970 to 1979: A Review of 230 Patients
Authors: Ferrie B. G. , Rundle J. S. H.
Published: January 2017

Two hundred and thirty patients with genito-urinary tuberculosis presenting between 1970 and 1979 were reviewed. In 22 per cent there was a history of previous tuberculosis and a family history in 14 per cent. Night sweats and weight loss were uncommon. The mean duration of medical treatment was 17 months. Surgery was necessary in 49 per cent of patients but reconstructive procedures were only performed in 7 per cent of cases. The mean follow-up period after diagnosis was 46 months. Patients with initial renal calcification were followed-up for a similar time to those with no calcification. Complications during follow-up were no more common in those with initial renal calcification than in those without this feature. With the exception of 1971 and 1972, there was a steady incidence of 20 or so new cases of genito-urinary tuberculosis per year in Glasgow.
Osmosin and Ileal Ulceration: A Case Report
Authors: Cree I.A. , Walker M. A. , Wright Margaret , Forrester J. C.
Published: January 2017

A 78-year-old woman presented with an acute abdomen and was found to have a perforation of her terminal ileum. She did not survive the postoperative period and at necropsy was found to have numerous ulcers of the ileum. In the ulcerated areas there was a transmural chronic inflammatory infiltrate, but no evidence of granulomata. We believe that this ulceration was caused by ingestion of Osmosin tablets containing indomethacin and suggest a possible pathogenesis.
Nutritional and Metabolic Support following Acute Hepatic Trauma
Authors: Broom J. , Miller J. D. B.
Published: January 2017

A patient undergoing partial hepatectomy subsequent to trauma was maintained post-operatively on a specifically tailored total parenteral nutrition regimen. This, despite obviously impaired liver function, allowed adequate nutrition without the expected adverse metabolic sequelae associated with hepatic resection and nitrogen loading. The patient also demonstrated, in the absence of normal hepatic tissue, an ameliorated metabolic response to trauma.
Spontaneous Postpartum Pneumomediastinum and Pneumopericardium
Authors: Quigley R.F. , Anthony G.S.
Published: January 2017

Pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium are uncommon conditions usually associated with trauma to the chest and oesophagus. However, they may occur spontaneously with excessive coughing and straining and are rare complications of pregnancy.
Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) in Children
Authors: Galea P. , Goel K.M.
Published: January 2017

Toxic shock syndrome is uncommon in the prepubertal age group. Two children presented with pyrexia, macular erythroderma, vomiting, hypotension and rapid deterioration of consciousness. One child had severe neurological involvement. The diagnosis of toxic shock syndrome was established in both cases by the exclusion of other causes and by culturing staphylococcus aureus. We postulate that the neurological manifestations were caused by a direct neurotoxic action of the staphylococcal-produced toxin. Both children made a complete recovery.
Therapeutic Potential of Choline Magnesium Trisalicylate as an Alternative to Aspirin for Patients with Bleeding Tendencies
Authors: Danesh B.J.Z. , Saniabadi A.R. , Russell R.I. , Lowe G.D.O.
Published: January 2017

We have compared the effects of acetyl salicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) and choline magnesium trisalicylate (CMT), a non-acetylated salicylate product, on platelet aggregation in human whole blood ex-vivo. Using a whole blood platelet counter, platelet aggregation was quantified by measuring the fall in the number of single platelets at peak aggregation in response to collagen, arachidonic acid (AA), as well as spontaneous aggregation. In double blind and random order, 12 healthy volunteers received, on two separate occasions 10 days apart, a single oral dose of 652 mg ASA or 655 mg CMT. Despite a comparable absorption of salicylic acid from the two drugs, ingestion of ASA resulted in a marked inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by collagen (p<0.005), AA (p<0.01) and spontaneous aggregation (p<0.01), whereas such effects were not observed after CMT ingestion. We suggest that CMT may have therapeutic potential as an alternative to aspirin when inhibition of platelet aggregation can induce bleeding complications.
Listeriosis in Ayrshire 1965–85
Authors: Roberts W. , Hardie R.
Published: January 2017

Twelve cases of listeriosis are described. Nine patients had meningitis, two primary listerial bacteraemia and one had bacteraemia from a focus of infection in the genito-urinary tract. Clinical presentation and treatment are described.
Insulinoma and Abdominal Tuberculosis
Authors: Brooks M.
Published: January 2017

A patient is described in whom active abdominal tuberculosis was discovered during an exploratory laparotomy for a suspected insulinoma.
Cerebral Oedema in Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Gordon D. , MacCuish A. C.
Published: January 2017

Modern management of diabetic ketoacidosis has reduced mortality of this condition from inevitable death in the pre-insulin era to less than 5% in specialised centres.1,2,3,4 Most fatalities now reflect the underlying disease which has caused metabolic decompensation, such as acute myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident or septicaemia.5 However patients may still die as a direct result of the metabolic disturbances per se and the rare complication of cerebral oedema in diabetic ketoacidosis is almost invariably associated with fatal outcome.6,7,8,9
Hepatitis A in Scotland — Is it a Continuing Problem?
Authors: Kudesia G. , Follett E.A.C.
Published: January 2017

The prevalence of anti-HAV in blood donors in West Scotland and in children admitted to a Glasgow hospital was determined. By the age of five years, 16% of the children had antibody and at 15 years, 30%. In adults, prevalence continued to rise with age, with 78% of those over 40 years showing evidence of past infection. Cases of acute hepatitis A in West Scotland have declined since 1983. At present the peak age group for infection is 25–34 years whereas in the early 80s the peak group was five to 14 years.
The Hyperthyroidism of Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia — A Possible Autoimmune Aetiology
Authors: Gallacher S.J. , Wilson R. , Boyle I. T. , Thomson J.A.
Published: January 2017

Endocrine disorders are a relatively common accompaniment of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. Considerable debate has taken place concerning possible responsible mechanisms. This case demonstrates that the hyperthyroidism associated with the condition is of thyroidal origin and of probable autoimmune aetiology.
Urethral Valves — Treatment, Results and Urodynamic Assessment
Authors: Wilson-Storey D. , Corcoran M. , Orr J.D.
Published: January 2017

Posterior urethral valves is an uncommon condition, but it poses many diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Long term follow up of these patients revealed that the majority of these boys have long term problems. In depth assessment of 10 boys with this problem revealed that their upper urinary tracts remained stable whereas urodynamic studies showed gross micturition abnormalities. Most methods of assessing the urinary tracts in these boys are invasive (eg. Intravenous urography, micturating cystography) and may indeed show no change in upper tract radiology despite marked abnormalities of micturition detected by urodynamics and which may require further investigation and treatment. We therefore recommend regular urodynamic assessment of these boys as it is accurate and initially non-invasive. Those boys with a detectable abnormality can progress to further studies.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Pan-Uveitis
Authors: Walker E.A.
Published: January 2017

A case history of a patient diagnosed as having Guillain-Barré syndrome who is also found to have a pan-uveitis which has caused significant deterioration in vision and which has been slow to resolve on treatment. This would appear to be the first such report in the literature.
Steroid Induced Glaucoma: A Report of Two Cases with a Review of Morbidity and Prescribing in General Practice
Authors: Phillips R.P. , McLean I.C. , Taylor R.J. , Forrester J.V.
Published: January 2017

An eight-week general practice based prospective study was carried out to determine the incidence and prevalence of various eye conditions and the frequency of prescription of different topical eye preparations. The most frequently diagnosed eye conditions were infectious conjunctivitis (35%), glaucoma (16%), allergic conjunctivitis (11%), and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (9%). Betamethasone was the fourth most commonly prescribed preparation (9%). Eye preparations containing steroids accounted for 14% of prescriptions. Two cases of steroid induced glaucoma are presented as an illustration of the potential hazards of these preparations. The pathogenesis of steroid induced glaucoma is discussed.
“Liver Cancer … or is it?”
Authors: Sridharan G.V. , Wilkinson S.P. , Primrose W.R.
Published: January 2017

There has been a gradual change in the pattern of presentation of pyogenic liver abscess with an increasing incidence in the elderly.1 At the same time an improvement in mortality with early diagnosis and treatment has been recognised.2 We describe two patients in whom the diagnosis of liver abscess was not suspected until autopsy in one and aspiration of pus during biopsy of a liver “tumour” in the other.
Use of a Radiometric Technique for Rapid Sensitivity Testing of Mycobacteria in Scotland: The First Year's Experience
Authors: Rayner A. , Harris G. , Croughan M. , Watt B.
Published: January 2017

We report the first year's experience of the use of a radiometric technique for sensitivity testing of mycobacterial isolates in Scotland. The techniques (using the Bactec 460 instrument) was much quicker than conventional methods (for example the mean time to obtain results for 60 strains of M. tuberculosis was 14.4 days, compared with 44.9 days for conventional methods). There was good agreement between results obtained by the two methods. Preliminary results also indicated the value of the radiometric technique for rapid isolation of mycobacteria from clinical samples (mean of 10.6 days with the radiometric technique compared with 26.7 days using egg media) although for optimal recovery, both techniques should be used in parallel.
Fatal Haemolytic Anaemia Complicating a Case of Common Variable Hypogammaglobulinaemia
Authors: Boyd A.S. , Kennedy D.H. , Boyd J.F.
Published: January 2017

A fatal case of common variable hypogammaglobulinemia (CVH) is described. The patient presented with fulminant haemolytic anaemia. Post mortem examination revealed evidence of chronic hypogammaglobulinemia.
Indications for and Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography in Orbital Disease
Authors: Ainsworth J.R. , Hadley D.M. , Macpherson P. , McFadzean R. , Lawrence A. , Teasdale G.M.
Published: January 2017

All patients referred for orbital imaging to the neuroradiology department of the Institute of Neurological Sciences in Glasgow over a three year period were enrolled in the study and were scheduled to undergo both magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. A total of 101 of the 110 referred patients were deemed suitable for analysis. Details of key presenting symptoms, signs, and a pre-imaging diagnosis were recorded prospectively. A final diagnosis was obtained by histology in 65% of cases with an orbital abnormality, by a minimum of one year of clinical review in 19.5%, by response to antibiotic or steriod therapy in 8.5%, or by conclusive investigations such as carotid angiography in 7% of patients. 29% of the patients had no detectable orbital disease despite a minimum one years' follow-up, and so were regarded as a, “normal” group.

The images were interpreted prospectively by separate masked observers. The diagnostic accuracies of the two techniques were compared to the final diagnosis. The two imaging methods were shown to be comparable in overall diagnostic accuracy, with a small and statistically non-significant advantage held by magnetic resonance imaging. Interpretation of the two investigations gave more accurate information in different types of disease.
Zidovudine Therapy in Combination with Intravenous Immunoglobulin in HIV Infected Children
Authors: Croft N. , Yap P.L. , Mok J.Y.Q. , Hague R.A. , Burns S.M.
Published: January 2017

There is little published data on the concomitant use of zidovudine and intravenous immunoglobulin (IV IgG). In this paper we review our experience of four HIV-1 infected children treated with zidovudine for periods of 19–33 months (mean 26.5 months) subsequent to starting IV IgG for period of 18–20 months (mean 19 months). In these children the only clear benefit we found was in one child who had developed HIV encephalopathy which resolved after starting zidovudine. The respective roles of zidovudine and intravenous immunoglobulin in HIV-1 infected children need to be clarified in larger comparative trials.
Epidemiology of Haemophilus Type B Invasive Disease in Childhood in Glasgow
Authors: Coggins A , Shepherd C.W. , Cockburn F.
Published: January 2017

The objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of invasive disease due to Haemophilus influenzae type b in childhood in Glasgow. A retrospective study has been made on the hospital records of 252 children aged 0 to 12 years admitted to Glasgow hospitals during 1981–1990. The annual incidence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in Glasgow was estimated at 39 per 100,000 children less than five years of age per year. The figure for Haemophilus meningitis was 23.8 per 100,000 children less than five years of age per year. Ninety-five per cent of all cases occurred in children less than five years of age and 72.1% of meningitis cases occurred before two years of age. There was a mortality of 2.77%. Long-term neurological sequelae were found in 15.3% of the survivors. The annual incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease is slightly higher in Glasgow than previously reported for the United Kingdom. The study provides baseline data to help assess efficacy of proposed early childhood vaccination.
Measurement and Management of Cardiovascular Risk Factors — is Screening Worthwhile?
Authors: McEwan S.R. , Davies H.T.O. , Allan E. , Maclean D. , Forbes C.D.
Published: January 2017

Coronary heart disease has been described as Scotland's national disease and ways of reducing its incidence are therefore of paramount importance especially in younger males. A recent British Medical Journal paper1 has indicated that general practitioners can make little impact on patients' lifestyles. This paper shows that a cohort of Scottish men (Social Class III-V) responded well (80%) to offers of screening for risk factors of CHD, continued to attend for review and showed highly significant changes in their risk factor profiles. A committed enthusiastic primary care team have shown the potential for reducing coronary risk factors in so-called healthy men.
In Larrey's Shadow: Transport of British Sick and Wounded in the Napoleonic Wars
Authors: Howard M.R.
Published: January 2017

Dominique Jean Larrey's introduction of a ‘flying ambulance’ into Napoleons army was a great advance in military surgery. British arrangements for the transport of wounded and sick during the Napoleonic wars fell far short of Larrey's humanitarian vision. The efforts of eminent doctors such as Sir James McGrigor to create a formal ambulance service were frustrated by the army establishment. As a result the sick were often abandoned or carried in local bullock carts. Only sixty years after Waterloo did Britain finally follow Larrey's example and form afield organisation including a trained ambulance corps.
Transcutaneous Bilirubinometry as a Screening Tool for Neonatal Jaundice
Authors: Suckling R.J. , Laing I.A. , Kirk J.M.
Published: January 2017

Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Hospital for Sick Children Edinburgh

Between 25 and 50% of all term newborns develop clinical jaundice,1 and a serum bilirubin level above 260 microml/l (15 mg/dl) is found in 3% of normal term infants.2 In the United Kingdom many newborn infants with clinical jaundice have blood samples sent to biochemistry laboratories for assessment of the plasma bilirubin concentration. We planned to assess the cost in terms of finance, medical staff time, numbers of blood samples, and family delay in leaving hospital. We demonstrated that reflectance bilirubinometry is a reliable screening method for identifying which Caucasian infants require to have plasma bilirubin concentrations measured in the laboratory. The Minolta Airshields transcutaneous bilirubinometer provided reproducible data, saved time and costs, and often spared infants a capillary or venous blood sample.

The transcutaneous bilirubinometer provides a digital assessment of skin pigmentation by xenon reflectance. It has previously been shown to be possible to derive an estimate of plasma bilirubin from the number displayed by the meter3 and it is suggested as a method for identifying which infants need plasma bilirubin estimations.4
Benign Bronchial Stenosis Treated with Balloon Bronchoplasty and Metal Stents
Authors: Edwards RD , Wilkinson LM , Turner MA
Published: January 2017

We report a case of a benign bronchial stenosis that presented clinically with recurrent respiratory infections and increasing dyspnoea. This was associated with transradiancy and oligaemia of the ipsildteral lung. Treatment with balloon bronchoplasty and self-expanding metal stents prevented recurrent pneumonia and led to a sustained improvement in exercise tolerance.
The Use of Children's Medical Records to Predict the Risk of Asthma Attack
Authors: Neville R.G. , Bryce F.P. , Clark R.A. , Crombie I K
Published: January 2017

Using a large data base of respiratory morbidity in children the opportunity arose to explore the link between what was written in general practice case records and the subsequent risk of a child developing an asthma attack or hospital admission due to asthma. Children with five or more consultations in one year for respiratory symptoms had a 33% risk of experiencing an asthma attack or 7.1% risk of admission in the following year. Twenty seven percent of children who received antibiotics for “respiratory infections” subsequently had an asthma attack.

The potential exists to review past and present symptoms and thus attempt to predict future morbidity. Childhood asthma is an example where the quality of care offered by general practitioners could be improved if a precise estimate of risk could be used to modify clinical management.
The Life and Times of Sir James Wylie Bt., Md., 1768–1854, Body Surgeon and Physician to the Czar and Chief of the Russian Military Medical Department
Authors: Novik A.A. , Mazurov V.I. , Semple P. d'A.
Published: January 2017

James Wylie was a native of Kincardine-on-Forth and completed medical training at Edinburgh University in 1789. He emigrated to Russia in 1790 where he joined the Eletsky Regiment as a surgeon. He travelled 150,000 miles in his military medical capacity during several campaigns including the Napoleonic wars. He became the favourite of three successive Czars and made an enormous contribution to developing medical services, both military and civil being not only a notable physician and surgeon but a most effective administrator.
To a 20th Century Haggis
Authors: Thompson A.M. , Aitken R.J.
Published: January 2017

The true Scots haggis is oft revered, as chieftain o' the pudding race, we sought a taste o' Scotland's ain, to try to find amongst Celt and all, what haggis to commend to folk.

Six chieftains fine were caught and killed, were baked and split for all to taste, with mashed neaps each haggis lay, and wi'champit tatties aim to taste, the best, the worst, an' all between.

Not one did ken the hills they'd trod from Dingwall, Edinburgh and Glasgow sent, from tin and vegetable too, 20 blinded souls did taste their fill, and score them each in turn.

MacSweens, they cried, is best to us, But Dingwall and M&S, are good to taste the Haggis fine, while tinned with marked disdain, lay cooling on their plates and mine.

Now, who liked what? I hear you say, Scots and Sassenachs liked the same, lads and lassies too, though others will to veggie haggis stray.

Even if you're from a foreign land, the tinned is best left in the can, what well-meaning Scots may send, taste ye not, wee poor timorous beasties, oh.

Auld Reekie breeds fine haggis still, For every palate to enjoy, with Tam O'Shanter galloping on, in memory of the fine Scots bard who 200 years have failed to still.
The Management of Acute Headache in Adults in an Acute Admissions Unit
Authors: Stevenson R.J. , Dutta D. , MacWalter R.S.
Published: January 2017

There have been no previously published studies about acute admissions with headaches to a medical admissions ward. In our retrospective case-note study of all patients admitted with headaches to the acute medical admission ward of Ninewells Hospital, Dundee over a six-month period, there were 114 admissions with headache (2.4% of all admissions). CT scans were done in 68 (59.6%) and were abnormal in 21 patients. Twenty four patients (21.1%) had serious underlying causes for headaches. Predictors for CT abnormalities are discussed. Eighteen patients had lumbar punctures and six had abnormal results. Most patients were discharged after one day, nine were transferred to the neurosurgical unit and there were two deaths. Deficiencies in record keeping were identified as was a lack of precision in diagnosis. Changes in practice are needed to improve patient care and perhaps national guidelines are required.
Screening for Anxiety and Depression in Adult General Medical in-Patients in a Scottish District General Hospital
Authors: Beausang P.
Published: January 2017

We prospectively screened for anxiety and depression by administering the HAD scale to consecutive general medical patients admitted to a Scottish District General Hospital (DGH) over a calendar month. Age, gender, and use of psychotropic medications were also recorded. Of 119 patients (49 male) aged 16 to 92 years, “Probable presence of anxiety” was recorded in 23%, and “Probable presence of depression” in 19%. There was no significant difference between male and female patients or between different age groups. Formal psychological management was not available on site. Sixty-seven per cent of patients with “Probable presence of anxiety” and 61% with “Probable presence of depression” received no psychotropic medications. Despite a high prevalence of psychological distress amongst general medical in-patients, anxiety and depression are consistently under-diagnosed and under-treated. Screening for psychological distress, followed, where indicated, by psychological and /or pharmacological intervention, should be a fundamental element of holistic, patient-centred care in general medicine.
The Dundee Stroke Register: Experience of the First Ten Years
Authors: MacWalter R S , Coid D R , Fraser H W , Ersoy Y
Published: January 2017

The objective to establish a register of all patients admitted to Dundee hospitals with acute stroke has been achieved. To do this a computerised database system has been established and a prospective survey has been conducted of clinical data ofpatients at time of admission, with follow-up at one and three years. All patients with a WHO diagnosis of acute stroke (excluding patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage), from January 1988 have been recorded. By the end of 1998, 3222 patients had been registered. The Dundee Stroke register database is the largest in Scotland and one of the largest in the world. The establishment of the register and database has required substantial investment of resources and the collaboration of the NHS, universities and the private sector. The operation of the register has heightened interest in stroke. It also provides present and future opportunities for clinical research and audit studies and the monitoring of outcomes.
The Effect of Environment on Adhesion of Shrink-Resist Polymers on Wool
Authors: Bateup Brett O. , Cook John R. , Feldtman H. Douglas , Fleischfresser Barry E.
Published: January 2017

The durability of wool/polymer adhesive Joints in wash liquors of different surface tension was determined by measuring the rate of felting shrinkage of polymer-treated wool sliver and fabric in each liquor. The rate of felting shrinkage increased as the surface tension of the liquor decreased. This trend in the rate of felting shrinkage of polymer-treated wool agreed well with the trend in the magnitude of the thermodynamic work of adhesion of a wool/polymer “adhint” in different liquids, calculated assuming only secondary bonding forces across the wool/polymer interface. Limitations of the theory are discussed
Donnan Approach to Equilibrium Sorption: Interactions of Cationic Dyes with Acrylic Fibers
Authors: Alberghina Gaetano , Chen Shui-Lin , Fisichella Salvatore , Iijima Toshiro , McGregor Ralph , Rohner Rolf M. , Zollinger Heinrich
Published: January 2017

The equilibrium sorption of ten cationic dyes by porous and regular acrylic fibers has been investigated. The data have been interpreted by a simple Donnan approach, based on the assumption that there are two different types of acidic groups in these fibers. The ionic distribution coefficients KD for the dyes and the fibers were calculated. These coefficients provide an indirect measure of the “affinity” of the dyes for the fibers. The values of KD have been discussed in relation to the structures of the dyes and fibers, and in relation to the effects of salts, pH, and temperature.
Bleaching of Green Cotton Motes
Authors: Elsner Otto , Bar-Yecheskel Herzel , Stern Gershon
Published: January 2017

Recently green motes have formed in fabrics made of Pima cotton. The green color is resistant to normal bleaching with chlorite, hydrogen peroxide, and hypochlorite. The pigment may be destroyed by a combined bleaching process, usually hypochlorite-hydrogen peroxide. The whiteness obtained with this process is similar to that of normal fibers.
Localized Electrostatic Precipitation as an Alternative to Exhaust Ventilation for Controlling Airborne Dust in Textile Workplaces
Authors: Johnston A. M. , Hughson G. W. , Vincent J. H. , Jones A. D.
Published: January 2017

We report the results of a series of investigations to assess the possible use of localized electrostatic precipitation as a practical, cost-effective alternative to local exhaust ventilation for control of airborne dust levels in the workplace. A brief summary is given of work in the laboratory using both an experimental chamber and a dust control cabinet fitted to a textile winding rig. These studies have been extended to include a pilot trial on an open-bed spinning frame in an asbestos textile factory. A detailed account of the procedures and results of this latter study is given. The possible advantages of electrostatically based systems in terms of cost-efficiency are considered against possible disadvantages associated with operational accessibility.
Faith-related diplomacy
Authors: Jonson Jonas
Published: January 2017

Nathan Söderblom (1866–1931) was the Archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden 1914–31. As one of the great ecumenical pioneers, he founded the Life and Work Movement for practical church cooperation for peace and social justice. His international experience, position, scholarship and personality contributed to his achievement. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1930.
Gregory Dix and the offertory procession
Authors: Bradshaw Paul F.
Published: January 2017

The leading twentieth-century Anglican liturgical scholar, Gregory Dix, strongly supported the adoption of an offertory procession at the Eucharist by arguing that it had been a universal feature in the pre-Nicene Church intended to express the self-offering of the people. More recent research suggests that this was not the case, and that the people’s gifts of bread and wine were more commonly handed in before the service began. In the light of this, can an offertory procession still be justified?
What Does Worship Say?
Authors: Snook Lee E.
Published: January 2017

“When the church, in its liturgy, announces the redemption of the world and the new creation, it seems to be insisting that what it does cultically with words and actions corresponds to ‘what God is doing’ in the whole of creation. Can that claim be made cognitively meaningful …? Let us assume that the Christian liturgical community intends to be doing and representing in a cultic way what is happening in the whole culture and cosmos, and then let us inquire if there are ways of grounding those liturgical acts in, or linking them with, the non-liturgical or ‘ordinary’ structures of human experience so that the liturgy is rendered meaningful.”
The Black Identity Crisis
Authors: Huckaby Phillip
Published: January 2017

“Integration in the past has been understood as assimilation into a white society on white terms; a condition that implies the superiority of the white society. School integration is integration of Negro children into white schools and not integration of white children into Negro schools. Today, racial protest seeks a goal more complex than integration into a white society; it seeks a goal in terms of a pluralist society in which the Negro may retain his identity as a Negro. … Those whites who wish to assist should do so by working in their own community and not by attempting to influence the decision-making process of the black community.”
Different or Similar Choices: The Effect of Decision Framing on Variety Seeking in Travel Bundle Packages
Authors: Kim Jungkeun , Kim Peter Beomcheol , Kim Jae-Eun
Published: January 2017

This research investigates whether different ways of framing decisions influence travelers’ variety-seeking tendencies in choosing bundled product options. Based on the literatures of bundling, variety-seeking, and the decision-framing effect, we empirically test whether travelers show higher variety-seeking in travel package decisions when the bundle package is selected from a combined decision rather than from two single decisions. We also examine whether this different variety-seeking tendency is influenced by travelers’ preference for consistency. The results of six experimental studies support our main proposition, and the substantive theoretical and managerial implications of the findings are discussed.
Accuracy of Aneroid Sphygmomanometer Blood Pressure Recording Compared with Digital and Mercury Measurements in Brazil
Authors: Gill Geoffrey , Ala Lesley , Gurgel Ricardo , Cuevas Luis
Published: January 2017

Digital, mercury and aneroid blood pressure measurements were carried out in 400 South American adults. There was slight under-reading of the aneroid instrument (hypertension prevalence 30%, compared with 32% for digital and mercury), but its robustness and simplicity makes it a suitable alternative to mercury machines in tropical field conditions.
Political Attitude Holding and Structure The Effects of Newspaper and Television News
Authors: Reese Stephen D. , Miller M. Mark
Published: January 2017

This article examines the effect of television and newspaper news exposure on the holding and structure of political attitudes. Ideological utility is treated as an intervening variable. and is defined as the usefulness of the traditional dimensions of liberal/conservative and left/right to a person in describing political beliefs. The more ideologically sophisticated are presumed to be more familiar with these dimensions and better able to place themselves accordingly. Data are from the 1976 University of Michigan CPS national election study (N = 2402). Attitude consistency is treated as a variance of a person's responses to a series of nine bipolar political issue scales, indicating how consistently liberal. conservative. or neutral are that person's attitudes. As hypothesized. both television and newspaper news exposure are positively associated with attitude holding at low levels of ideological utility. Counter to expectations. television news exposure is positively associated with attitude consistency at low levels of ideological utility. The opposite is true of newspaper exposure. The results support treating ideology as a cognitive processing de vice for political information. as well as suggesting that television news helps viewers form opinions about political issues and structure them in a meaningful way.
The Reliability and Stability of Television Exposure
Authors: Allen Richard L.
Published: January 2017

A study was conducted to assess the reliability and stability of television exposure, and the relationship of various demographic variables to this, presumed hypothetical construct, when measurement error is removed. A secondary analysis of survey data collected from a sample of black adults over two points in time served as the basis for this investigation. Using a LISREL model. the results indicated that: (1) the indicators of television exposure are moderately reliable and any unreliability is almost entirely due to random error; (2) the construct is substantially unstable over the interval assessed and (3) education is inversely related to television exposure. it was concluded that more attention should be given to theoretically defining media exposure, a central concept in communication research, and to taking into account measurement error.
Past and Present Environmental Health Challenges in Southwestern Pennsylvania: Some Comments on the Right to a Clean Environment
Authors: Davis Devra Lee , Forrester Carrie
Published: January 2017

The people have a right to clean air, pure water, and to the preservation of the natural, scenic, historic and esthetic values of the environment.
ERISA Preemption of Chapter 58: The Future of the “Pay or Play” Model of Health Care Legislation
Authors: Stiefel Jared
Published: January 2017

The problem of the uninsured in this country continues to grow. Over the past five years, proportion of uninsured Americans has risen from 14.6% to 15.9% of the population. The statistics show disparities in insurance coverage among the various races, between native-born and non native-born citizens, and between other groups. The Center on Budget and Policy Priorities partially links this change to the continuous decline in employer sponsored health insurance plans. This is a problem that needs to be addressed and addressed quickly.

Further exacerbating this problem is the cost of the uninsured and the government-insured to the taxpayers of the country. It is estimated that Medicare and Medicaid, the two largest government financed health care programs, will cost $301.5 and $176 billion respectively. These costs are projected to increase at a rate above GDP.

Since states are partially responsible for Medicaid costs and have a responsibility for the health of their citizenry, many states have taken it upon themselves to try to correct these problems.
Mandating a Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: An Investigation into Whether Such Legislation is Constitutional and Prudent
Authors: Dowling Tracy Solomon
Published: January 2017

Merck’s recently released vaccine, Gardasil, may revolutionize cervical cancer prevention. With the rate of detected cervical cancer cases and associated deaths rising rapidly, cervical cancer is a major public health concern. Infection with the human papillomavirus, a sexually transmitted disease, is a necessary cause of cervical cancer. Gardasil protects against two specific “high risk” strains of HPV, associated with about 70% of cervical cancer cases, and blocks infection by two other strains of HPV, responsible for 90% of genital warts cases. Proponents of Gardasil believe that vaccination of women between the ages of 12 and 26 can slow the spread of cervical cancer by eradicating the two major HPV strands associated with the cancer’s development.
Beyond Politics: A Social and Cultural History of Federal Healthcare Conscience Protections
Authors: Parr Kimberly A.
Published: January 2017

The day before the inauguration of his Democratic successor, President George W. Bush oversaw the promulgation of an administrative rule that extended “sweeping” new conscience protections to healthcare providers, one which would allow them to refuse to participate in or refuse to refer for medical services to which they morally or religiously object. Enacted in a funding regulation through the Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”), the rule – commonly called the Provider Conscience Regulation (“Regulation”) – purported to clarify and implement existing federal law; by its own terms; however, the Regulation pushed the boundaries of those laws, granting protections to a broader class of individuals and across a wider range of services. In so doing, the Regulation sought to resolve an ongoing tension between patient access and provider autonomy, yet it served to reignite a long-standing debate over the proper role of morals in medicine.
Off-Label Prescription Advertising, the FDA and the First Amendment: A Study in the Values of Commercial Speech Protection
Authors: Klasmeier Coleen , Redish Martin H.
Published: January 2017

In order to protect the nation from harmful or worthless drugs and devices, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA or the Agency) is legislatively authorized to restrict the sale of prescription drugs or medical devices to those whose efficacy and safety have been reviewed and approved by the Agency. Drugs and devices are approved for a specific medical purpose. In numerous instances, however, the medical profession has discovered that treatments approved for one purpose may also serve other valuable medical purposes. Indeed, on a number of occasions such “off-label” treatments have proven to be essential to the successful treatment of some very serious illnesses.

In these off-label situations, the FDA is faced with a dilemma. On the one hand, off-label use of prescription drug and devices gives rise to a series of major problems for the FDA. While the drug and devices in question have been vetted and approved by the FDA for their designated purpose, at no point has the FDA reviewed the supporting scientific data to determine efficacy for the off-label purpose.
The Politics of Information: Informed Consent in Abortion and End-of-Life Decision Making
Authors: Suter Sonia M.
Published: January 2017

The politics of reproduction dominate the political landscape now more than ever. One area of controversy has been informed consent statutes for abortion, which have been praised by the pro-life movement but derided by the pro-choice movement. More recently, legislatures have begun to enact informed consent statutes with respect to end-of-life decision making, an area almost as politically controversial as abortion. Like many abortion disclosure laws, some of these have been entitled “Right to Know” statutes. Yet, the supporters and opponents of each set of statutes tend not to be the same, aligning to a large extent based on their place in the culture wars over life and death.

In this Article, I strive not only to show the remarkably similar critiques each side marshals but also to use these concerns to think in more nuanced ways about the goals of informed consent and whether the disclosure mandates achieve those goals. I first argue in favor of the aspirational goals of informed consent as a process that allows patients to participate in their medical decision making. While conceding the inherently political nature of abortion and end-of-life care, I also contend that the significance of decisions regarding those matters warrants, at least in theory, legislative efforts to ensure that patients have the opportunity to engage in deliberative and informed decision making.

In describing and responding to the similar critiques of both sets of laws—the political bias of the statutes; the efforts to persuade, especially with non-medical information; the potential vulnerability of the targeted audience; and the interference with physician discretion—I uncover and challenge some of the presumptions about informed consent inherent in those critiques. Although information that persuades or influences is not per se problematic, I argue that disclosure of information that is inaccurate, untrue, or emotionally inflammatory harms informed consent. Even well-crafted informed consent mandates, however, are insufficient to promote truly deliberative decision making because they oversimplify the complexity of these decisions and fail to respond to the fact that informed consent is a process that requires more than simply the delivery of information; it also requires dialogue and discussion. This Article ends with suggestions for ways to try to promote such a dialogue.
A Time to Step In: Legal Mechanisms for Protecting Those with Declining Capacity
Authors: Arias Jalayne J.
Published: January 2017

Current estimates approximate that the population over sixty-five years of age will increase from 40 million in 2010 to 72.1 million by 2030. As society ages, the number of elderly with cognitive deficits that impair decision-making abilities will also increase. This will place additional burdens on families and probate courts seeking to balance individual autonomy with necessary protections. A legal determination of incompetency is a prerequisite to a judicial order appointing a guardianship or other protective mechanism. The current legal-medical model for competency determinations fails to reflect the complexities of declining capacity in an aging population. A global structure for competency determinations leaves a critical gap between competent and incompetent. The gap between competence and incompetence not only raises concerns about how to classify those that fall between the two, but also highlights the lack of legal protections for those within the gap. A revised model is needed to provide protections to individuals who do not yet meet the threshold for incompetence but require additional protections for their personal or financial welfare. This Article provides an unprecedented examination of the legal model for determining competence through a comparison of the medical model for evaluating capacity. While a number of legal scholars have examined the appointment and oversight of guardians, fewer articles have critically examined the process by which individuals are declared incompetent. This Article presents a comprehensive overview of competency and clinical capacity determination procedures, legal mechanisms available to protect individuals with declining capacity, and policy recommendations for improving legal protections in light of inefficiencies related to legal competency determinations.
Plainly Constitutional: The Upholding of Plain Tobacco Packaging by the High Court of Australia
Authors: Liberman Jonathan
Published: January 2017

In November 2011, Australia became the first country in the world to legislate for “plain packaging” of tobacco products. As of December 1, 2012, the packaging of tobacco products sold in Australia must be a standard, drab dark brown color; and the printing of tobacco company logos, brand imagery, colors, or promotional text on that packaging and on individual tobacco products is prohibited. While the Australian scheme is described as “plain packaging,” tobacco packaging is required to be far from “plain” in the ordinary sense of the word. The scheme requires large health warnings composed of graphics, warning statements and explanatory messages, and information messages.

Plain packaging of tobacco products—which has also been called “generic packaging” or “standardized packaging”—is not a new idea. It was proposed as far back as June 1986, when the Canadian Medical Association agreed to a motion in favor of its adoption.
Surgical Treatment of Adder Bite
Authors: Lau Y L , Kenna A P
Published: January 2017

Summary Two cases of children who suffered adder bites and who developed severe local complications are reported. One required a split skin graft and the other a decompression fasciotomy.
School Psychology and Infantile Autism
Authors: Jenson William R. , Reavis H. Kenton , Clark Elaine , Kehle Thomas J.
Published: January 2017

This paper presents an overview of infantile autism which includes theories of aetiology, definition of the condition, overlapping conditions, assessment procedures and prognosis. A model treatment that can be implemented by school psychologists is also presented.
The Shrinking of Formalized Nutrition Education in Health Professions Curricula and Postgraduate Training
Authors: Sacks Gordon S.
Published: January 2017

The quantity of formalized nutrition education is shrinking in curricula of health professions, such as physicians, nurses, dietitians, and pharmacists. The current nutrition education being taught in U.S. schools of healthcare professionals does not appropriately prepare students for identification of patients at nutrition risk or management of undernourished hospitalized patients with specialized nutrition therapies. In U.S. schools of pharmacy, parenteral nutrition is considered a highly specialized and advanced practice so little time is devoted to this area and more attention is focused on chronic disease state management (ie, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and congestive heart failure). Nutrition support fellowships for physicians and nutrition support residency programs for pharmacists have dwindled in number over the years so that only a handful of these healthcare professionals are produced each year from the remaining formalized programs. Physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and dietitians can positively affect patient care, but each profession must first determine how best to integrate basic and applied nutrition concepts into their professional curricula and training programs. There must also be consensus among the healthcare professions as to the depth of nutrition education and the stage of training at which these integrations should occur. Only by having these crucial conversations among all disciplines will we be able to develop new strategies to expand nutrition education in the training of future medical practitioners.