bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Invasion of the cosmopolitan speciesEchinochloa colonainto herbaceous vegetation of a tropical wetland system
Authors: Andrew Samora M. , Totland Ørjan , Moe Stein R.
Published: July 2014

The negative effects of alien plant species on ecosystem structure and functions are increasingly recognised, and efforts to control these species are vital to restore degraded ecosystems and preserve biodiversity. However, we lack a full understanding of factors that determine alien species invasions along spatial gradients in herbaceous vegetation of tropical systems. We therefore examined the effects of community properties, environmental variables and human‐related disturbance factors on the invasion of the alien grassEchinochloa colona(L.) Link at small‐ and large scales in the Kilombero Valley wetland, Tanzania. Generalized additive mixed models showed thatE. colonaabundance on a small scale was negatively related to above‐ground biomass and evenness of resident species, whereasE. colonaabundance was positively related to grazing intensity. On a large scale, biomass (negatively related toE. colonaabundance) and distance to river (positive) were important in explainingE. colonaabundance. These findings support the assertion that different factors may contribute to the invasion of alien plant species at different spatial scales, as also reported in many temperate systems. Overall, our results show that successful invasion of alien species is a function of plant community properties, human‐related disturbance and favourable environmental conditions. Effective management strategies should consider mitigations that can increase the biomass and evenness of native species and a reduction of grazing pressure to restore the wetland and conserve biodiversity.
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma presenting as a cerebellar mass
Authors: Geetha N , Sreelesh KP , Nair Rekha , Mathews Anitha
Published: July 2014

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a T cell lymphoma occurring commonly in childhood and rarely in adults. Central nervous system involvement in ALCL is very rare and cerebellar involvement at presentation has never been described. We examine the case of a young adult who presented with a cerebellar mass. A 19-year-old boy presented with signs of raised intracranial tension, which, on imaging, revealed a right cerebellar mass. He underwent suboccipital craniotomy and partial excision of the tumor. However, the histopathology was inconclusive. He subsequently presented with cerebellar signs and repeat imaging showed recurrence of the cerebellar lesion. He underwent decompression and ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting. Histopathology was suggestive of ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. The patient was started on chemotherapy. However, his neurological status deteriorated, his condition worsened, and he expired a month later.
An Automated Liquid-Liquid Extraction System Supervised by an Industrial Programmable Logic Controller
Authors: Bostyn S. , Gaucher J. , Christophe G. , Soukehal R. , Porte C.
Published: July 2014

In the case of development of new products in organic synthesis, the final step of the process must offer the best purity. In this way, the final step is a unit operation of isolation like distillation, crystallisation or liquid-liquid extraction. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate a module of purification on an automated platform for achieving the whole process.

In our case, an automated platform was based on Zymark architecture allowing us to automate sample preparation and the reaction steps. For the purification module, we opted to develop our own home module: a liquid-liquid extraction module. This unit operation permits us to separate the final product in the case of peptide synthesis in liquid phase, but equally, in the case of isolation of vegetable molecules.

The module capacities had to permit the multistage extraction and the determination of the binodal curve for optimising the process, and to possess in our own system for liberating the Zymark robot for other tasks. The operator interface is developed by using a SCADA (supervisory control).
An Automated System for Processing Sample Vials Stored at Ultra-Low Temperatures
Authors: Graves Sean
Published: July 2014

The BIOPHILE Individual Vial Retriever (IVR) system has been developed to provide automated access to vials stored at ultra-low temperatures. The IVR performs storage, retrieval, sorting, cataloging, volume estimation (weighing), barcode reading, and re-racking. All racking operations are performed in an environment designed to keep samples frozen at their optimal temperature. Operating temperatures are −80°C, −40°C, −20°C, and room temperature. Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) integration, automation integration, chain of custody tracking, and FDA 21CFR Part 11 compliance are supported. This article introduces the IVR and provides information on its characteristics.
Image Capture and Analysis for Macromolecular Crystal Growth Using RoboMicroscope™II
Authors: Adams J.A. , Jewell D. , Jorgensen K. , Mickley M. , Newman J.M.
Published: July 2014

The RoboMicroScope II is an image capture and analysis system, which enables the automated analysis of protein crystallization trials. The RoboMicroscope II couples robust hardware with intuitive software that tracks and assigns an objective score to each instance of a crystallization experiment. This machine can also be used in a manual mode, to increase the reliability, objectivity and efficiency of human scoring of crystallization trials.
Assay on FAQ's on Total Lab Automation
Authors: Souverijn John H.M.
Published: July 2014

The purpose of the introduction of an automated laboratory system in one format or another is reducing the costs of the laboratory by cutting staff. Also speeding up the performance often is a goal. At the same time it is planned to increase the quality of the work done by using automated labelling and reading of documents. The use of vacuum tubes and the handling of these by the apparatus are raising the safety of the labwork.

In this paper many aspects of the daily routines when using a TLA system are discussed. The aspects are collected during the discussions before and after the implementation of the Roche CLAS system in our laboratory. Some consequences were foreseen, and others came unexpectedly. But still the subjects form a point of discussion around the TLA systems. The most important message to be picked up is that one really has to consider all possible problems that could arise from the implementation of TLA.
Construction of a Low Cost Custom 2-D Bar Code Reader for Tube Racks
Authors: Neil William , Michalczyk Stephen , Russo Mark
Published: July 2014

We describe the development of a custom system for reading 2-D DataMatrix bar codes imprinted on the base of tubes stored in a rack. The system software drives a standard flatbed scanner in order to acquire an image, interprets DataMatrix bar codes at predefined locations in the image, and returns in an array the interpreted bar code data along with other associated information. Commercial software components were used for the image acquisition and bar code interpretation portion of the software. An example is given that illustrates how to call the custom software from Microsoft® Excel and insert the returned data directly into a spreadsheet.
Selective Ion Extraction for High Throughput Screening with a Microfluidic Enzyme Assay
Authors: Kerby Matthew B. , Wu Spencer , Fathollahi Bahram , Chien Ring-Ling
Published: July 2014

This proof-of-concept paper describes the application of selective ion extraction to an assay of protein kinase A on a microfluidic chip platform. Selective ion extraction is a flux balance technique, where a combination of independent pressure control and voltage are used to selectively extract one ion from a mixture. The assay product is completely separated and diverted into a separate channel from the waste stream containing the unconverted substrate and enzyme. By detecting only product, background noise generated by the substrate is removed which increases the signal to noise ratio and assay sensitivity. This technique is intended for adapting kinase or protease assays with low conversion rates to an on-chip reaction format for HTS screening.
Development of a μ-Concentrator Using Dielectrophoretic Forces
Authors: Schönfeld F. , Griebel A. , Konrad R. , Rink S. , Karlsen F.
Published: July 2014

We present the simulation, development and experimental validation of a μ-concentrator based on dielectrophoresis, DEP. In a first step dielectrophoretic force fields of various electrodes are computed and compared. The simulation results for various electrode dimensions may serve as a general design rule for DEP devices. Favorable electrode designs were realized in gold on glass substrates. The performance of the DEP chips is validated by concentration of E.-Coli bacteria, a separation efficiency of 99.93% was achieved. Furthermore, we outline how the combination of forced convection and DEP allows for bacteria separation at increased flow rates.
Simulation as a Tool for Optimizing Automated Laboratory Equipment and Processes?
Authors: Schweiker G. , Kumar A. P. , Schuele A. , Dorner J.
Published: July 2014

In the design of complex automated manufacturing equipment simulation technology has increasingly developed into an essential planning tool which is highly used in the field of semiconductor industry. In the field of laboratory technology a similar trend towards automated systems or automated sequencing of systems can be found. This results in the question if the use of simulation can help detecting optimization potentials in the design of laboratory equipment as well as in laboratory processes. By means of a case study out of the field of clean production the elaborated results help to show the benefits of simulation as a planning tool.

With the help of simulation a material flow- and throughput optimized equipment design and therefore required equipment control strategies were ascertained in several iterative runs. The system installation, being in its development stage, was represented realistically in a detailed simulation model. The performance of the system in operation was visualized and then analyzed. Thus, bottlenecks could be localized easily and the equipment design and dimensioning could be reviewed.

With the selective simulative examination of different optimization approaches the equipment manufacturer was provided with important data for economical- and investment decisions.

The use of simulation technology provides a high planning reliability and helps to avoid planning mistakes already in the stage of system development.

This advantages could also be used in future developments in the field of laboratory automation.
Fluorescence Array Scanner Employing a Flying Objective
Authors: Montagu Jean , Weiner Nathan
Published: July 2014

DNA-based fluorescent microarrays (sometimes called “biochips”) are fast becoming the preferred tool for studying a variety of complex biochemical phenomena ranging from multiplex mutation detection, to gene mapping and expression monitoring, to high throughput screening for new drug candidates. Fluorescence is a low energy phenomenon. The need for rapid, high resolution, wide field imaging of fluorescent microarrays calls for a specialized microscope architecture. We now describe the design of a “Flying Objective” epi-fluorescence microscope that is ideally suited to this application, and compare the performance of this novel instrument with two other commercial epi-fluorescence microscopes designed to read DNA microarrays.
EUV ablation of organic polymers at a high fluence
Authors: Liberatore Chiara , Mann Klaus , Müller Matthias , Pina Ladislav , Juha Libor , Rocca Jorge J. , Endo Akira , Mocek Tomas
Published: July 2014

A preliminary investigation on short-wavelength ablation mechanisms of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly (1,4-phenylene ether ether-sulfone) (PPEES) by extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation at 13.5 nm using a table-top laser-produced plasma from a gas-puff target at LLG (Göttingen) and at 46.9 nm by a 10 Hz desktop capillary discharge laser operated at the Institute of Physics (Prague) is presented. Ablation of polymer materials is initiated by photo-induced polymer chain scissions. The ablation occurs due to the formation of volatile products by the EUV radiolysis removed as an ablation plume from the irradiated material into the vacuum. In general, cross-linking of polymer molecules can compete with the chain decomposition. Both processes may influence the efficiency and quality of micro(nano)structuring in polymer materials. Wavelength is a critical parameter to be taken into account when an EUV ablation process occurs, because different wavelengths result in different energy densities in the near-surface region of the polymer exposed to nanosecond pulses of intense EUV radiation.
Chlorogenic acid and caffeine in combination inhibit fat accumulation by regulating hepatic lipid metabolism-related enzymes in mice
Authors: Zheng Guodong , Qiu Yangyang , Zhang Qing-Feng , Li Dongming
Published: July 2014

Obesity has become a public health concern due to its positive association with the incidence of many diseases, and coffee components including chlorogenic acid (CGA) and caffeine have been demonstrated to play roles in the suppression of fat accumulation. To investigate the mechanism by which CGA and caffeine regulate lipid metabolism, in the present study, forty mice were randomly assigned to four groups and fed diets containing no CGA or caffeine, CGA, caffeine, or CGA+caffeine for 24 weeks. Body weight, intraperitoneal adipose tissue (IPAT) weight, and serum biochemical parameters were measured, and the activities and mRNA and protein expression of lipid metabolism-related enzymes were analysed. There was a decrease in the body weight and IPAT weight of mice fed the CGA+caffeine diet. There was a significant decrease in the serum and hepatic concentrations of total cholesterol, TAG and leptin of mice fed the CGA+caffeine diet. The activities of carnitine acyltransferase (CAT) and acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) were increased in mice fed the caffeine and CGA+caffeine diets, while the activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS) was suppressed in those fed the CGA+caffeine diet. The mRNA expression levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK),CATandACOwere considerably up-regulated in mice fed the CGA+caffeine diet, while those ofPPARγ2were down-regulated. The protein expression levels of AMPK were increased and those of FAS were decreased in mice fed the CGA+caffeine diet. These results indicate that CGA+caffeine suppresses fat accumulation and body weight gain by regulating the activities and mRNA and protein expression levels of hepatic lipid metabolism-related enzymes and that these effects are stronger than those exerted by CGA and caffeine individually.
Characterization of the symbiontRickettsiain the mirid bugNesidiocoris tenuis(Reuter) (Heteroptera: Miridae)
Authors: Caspi-Fluger A. , Inbar M. , Steinberg S. , Friedmann Y. , Freund M. , Mozes-Daube N. , Zchori-Fein E.
Published: July 2014

Nesidiocoris tenuis(Reuter) (Heteroptera: Miridae) is an omnivorous insect used for biological control. Augmentative release and conservation ofN. tenuishave been used for pest control in tomato crops. Intracellular bacterial symbionts of arthropods are common in nature and have diverse effects on their hosts; in some cases they can dramatically affect biological control. Fingerprinting methods showed that the symbiotic complex associated withN. tenuisincludesWolbachiaandRickettsia. RickettsiaofN. tenuiswas further characterized by sequencing the16S rRNAandgltAbacterial genes, measuring its amount in different developmental stages of the insect by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and localizing the bacteria in the insect's body by fluorescencein situhybridization. TheRickettsiainN. tenuisexhibited 99 and 96% similarity of both sequenced genes toRickettsia belliiandRickettsiareported fromBemisia tabaci, respectively. The highest amount ofRickettsiawas measured in the 5th instar and adult, and the symbionts could be detected in the host gut and ovaries. Although the role played byRickettsiain the biology ofN. tenuisis currently unknown, their high amount in the adults and localization in the gut suggest that they may have a nutritional role in this insect.
Czech trills revisited: An ultrasound EGG and acoustic study
Authors: Howson Phil , Komova Ekaterina , Gick Bryan
Published: July 2014

The Czech language has two trills produced with the anterior tongue, represented in the Czech orthography as /r/ and /ř/. The phonetic characterization of the latter trill, currently transcribed in the IPA as [], has been especially controversial. The present study uses ultrasound, electroglottography (EGG) and acoustic evidence to examine these trills, with the particular aim of achieving a more phonetically grounded representation of /ř/. In the first part of the paper, ultrasound imaging is used to compare tongue positions between /r/ and /ř/, ruling out tongue height as the key factor distinguishing the two sounds. The second part uses EGG and acoustic evidence to examine phonatory aspects of production. Results implicate vocal fold abduction as the more robust factor distinguishing /r/ from /ř/. Consequently, we posit [] as a more appropriate phonetic characterization of /ř/.
Greek Thrace Xoraxane Romane
Authors: Adamou Evangelia , Arvaniti Amalia
Published: July 2014

Romani is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in several European countries as well as in the Americas, Asia and Australia, showing substantial dialectal variation. This illustration deals with Xoraxane Romane (Turkish Romani) spoken in Greek Thrace. Xoraxane Romane, which belongs to the Vlax branch of Romani, has been heavily influenced by contact with Turkish and also shows influences from Greek. As a result, Xoraxane Romane exhibits a mixed system that includes phonemes borrowed from both Turkish and Greek but without exhibiting complex phonological phenomena such as Turkish vowel harmony.
IPA Student Awards
Authors: Keating Patricia A.
Published: July 2014

The Association is offering several IPA Student Awards of up to €425 to student members presenting their work at conferences in 2014. Please consult the Association's website (http://www.langsci.ucl.ac.uk/ipa/grants.html) or email the Secretary (keating@humnet.ucla.edu) for further information about applying for these awards.
Call for proposals for the organization of the 19th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences
Authors: Nicolaidis Katerina
Published: July 2014

The call for proposals for the organization of the 19th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (19th ICPhS) is now open. The 19th ICPhS will take place in 2019, four years after the 18th ICPhS to be held in Glasgow in August 2015. Bids for the 19th ICPhS organisation need to be prepared before the 18th ICPhS Congress and defended at the 18th ICPhS venue before the Permanent Council for the Organisation of the International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. The deadline for the submission of bids is 30 May 2015.
Observation of a U-like shaped velocity evolution of plasma expansion during a high-power diode operation
Authors: Cai Dan , Liu Lie , Ju Jinchuan , Zhao Xuelong , Qiu Yongfeng
Published: July 2014

The diode closure velocity has been investigated in pulsed high-power diodes operating with the mode of space-charge-limed bipolar flow. A combination of time-resolved electrical and optical diagnostics has been employed to study the basic phenomenon of the temporal and spatial evolutions of the diode plasmas. The results from the two diagnostics were compared. Since anode plasma rapidly expands, the diode closure speedvdincreases in the end of the current pulse. The diode closure speedvdcan be divided into three stages with a U-like whole shape. The obtained results can be used in various applications, for instance, the high-power microwave sources, electron-beam plasma heating, and material treating.
THE REFLEXIVITY INDEX OF A LATTICE OF SETS
Authors: HARRISON K. J. , WARD J. A.
Published: July 2014

We obtain a formula for the reflexivity index of a finite lattice of sets and of various types of infinite lattices of sets.
NONORTHOGONAL GEOMETRIC REALIZATIONS OF COXETER GROUPS
Authors: FU XIANG
Published: July 2014

We define in an axiomatic fashion aCoxeter datumfor an arbitrary Coxeter group$\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}W$. This Coxeter datum will specify a pair of reflection representations of$W$in two vector spaces linked only by a bilinear pairing without any integrality or nondegeneracy requirements. These representations are not required to be embeddings of$W$in the orthogonal group of any vector space, and they give rise to a pair of inter-related root systems generalizing the classical root systems of Coxeter groups. We obtain comparison results between these nonorthogonal root systems and the classical root systems. Further, we study the equivalent of the Tits cone in these nonorthogonal representations.
RACISM, MORALISM, AND SOCIAL CRITICISM1
Authors: Shelby Tommie
Published: July 2014

Through a critical engagement with Lawrence Blum’s theory of racism, I defend a “social criticism” model for the philosophical study of racism. This model relies on empirical analyses of social and psychological phenomena but goes beyond this to include the assessment of the warrant of widely held beliefs and the normative evaluation of attitudes, actions, institutions, and social arrangements. I argue that we should give political philosophy theoretical primacy over moral philosophy in normative analyses of racism. I also show how conceptualizing racism as an ideology gives us a unified account of racism and helps us to see what is truly troubling about racism, both in the past and today.
Photoionization, line emission diagnostics
Authors: Kewley Lisa
Published: July 2014

Photoionization models for AGN, including Seyfert and LINERs are discussed. These photoionization models can be used to derive emission-line diagnostics for AGN that can determine the properties of the AGN and surrounding ISM, including the relative AGN contribution to the EUV radiation field, the hardness of the AGN radiation field, the ionization state of the gas, and the metallicity of the narrow-line region. It is shown how the AGN emission-line diagnostics are expected to change with redshift. Finally, latest application of these models by the author to wide integral field spectroscopy to separate starburst and AGN contributions in composite galaxies are presented.
Revised activity types for Markarian galaxies
Authors: Mickaelian A. M. , Abrahamyan H. V. , Harutyunyan G. S. , Paronyan G. M.
Published: July 2014

The sample of Markarian galaxies consists of 1515 UV-excess galaxies containing many active galaxies, both AGN and Starburst (SB). Several catalogs of Markarian galaxies have been published; however activity types are based on old spectroscopic data. The SDSS spectroscopy and some other recent spectral observations allow classify or re-classify many of Markarian galaxies, altogether we have retrieved and studied 779 SDSS and 300 other spectra. Out of 779 SDSS spectra, we have classified 533 HII, 31 Composites, 12 LINERs, 4 S2.0, 5 S1.9, 8 S1.8, 5 NLS1.5, 11 S1.5, 8 NLS1.2, 21 S1.2, 4 NLS1, 4 S1.0, 2 QSO, 11 AGN (without an exact class), 52 Em (HII or AGN), 65 Abs, and 3 Stars. On the other hand, the galaxies are being classified depending on the fact in which wavelength range they have been observed and studied. E.g. some Sy2 type galaxies turn to be Sy1 when classified in IR. Many hidden AGN (in X-ray and IR) appear to be normal galaxies in optical range. So for better understanding, IR spectra are necessary as well.
A Massive Sample of Radio Spectral Indices for AGN in the JVLA FIRST Survey
Authors: Becker Bob
Published: July 2014

The final 800 sq. deg of sky covered by FIRST was observed with the new, improved JVLA. The data were split between two bandpasses at 1335 and 1730 MHz and included all four Stokes parameters, thus allowing both spectral and polarimetric results. The lower frequency bandpass data were considered part of FIRST and are available through the FIRST website (http://sundog.stsci.edu/). Here we present the higher frequency bandpass data as pertain to AGN. Foremost, we present spectral index results for the 5000 quasars with spectroscopic redshifts and the 50,000 quasars with photometric redshifts that fall in the survey area. The spectral indices are analyzed as a function of redshift and optical properties both for quasars detected above the 1 mJy limit and, via image stacking, for quasars at flux densities down to 10 mJy.
LOFAR and Radio Loud AGN
Authors: Williams Wendy L. , Röttgering Huub , van Weeren Reinout
Published: July 2014

At very low frequencies, the new pan-European radio telescope, LOFAR, is opening the last unexplored window of the electromagnetic spectrum for astrophysical studies. LOFAR will deeply survey the northern sky from ~ 10 up to 240 MHz. In this contribution we briefly describe some of the capabilities of LOFAR and the surveys planned to study fundamental issues related to the formation and evolution of galaxies and clusters of galaxies. We describe some of the challenges of low frequency observations with LOFAR and our progress in overcoming them. Further, we present some recent results from the ongoing imaging commissioning efforts. In the second part we discuss our studies of Low Excitation and High Excitation Radio Galaxies in the Boötes field and how LOFAR Surveys will help in studying their evolution.
The Australia Telescope Large Area Survey: Measuring the AGN contribution to galaxies over cosmic time
Authors: Chow Kate
Published: July 2014

The Australia Telescope Large Area Survey (ATLAS) is the widest deep radio survey ever attempted, covering ~7deg2 across its two fields, the Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS) and the European Large Area ISO Survey South 1 Region (ELAIS-S1). ATLAS has extensive multiwavelength data, including optical, infrared and X-ray, to complement its ~15μJy rms 1.4 GHz radio data. At these faint radio flux densities, the proportion of AGN to star-forming galaxies (SFGs) is high, and there are likely many composite objects, which have both an AGN and ongoing star formation. In ATLAS, we estimate that the number of AGN is approximately 50%, and this proportion will change with decreasing flux density. To understand the relationship between the AGN and the host galaxy, we need to measure the contribution of the AGN to the total luminosity, and determine how this varies with the evolutionary stage of the galaxy. Here I present results exploring the AGN contribution to galaxies over cosmic time, through the use of different multiwavelength discriminants.
AGN in the Atacama Cosmology Telescope Survey Data
Authors: Gralla Megan , Marriage T. ,   ACT Collaboration
Published: July 2014

The Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) is a six-meter telescope in the Atacama Desert that observes simultaneously in frequency bands centered at 150, 220 and 270 GHz. ACT has surveyed an area of approximately 450 square degrees in the south (−55 deg) and approximately 500 square degrees along the equator. Most of the sources detected by ACT are blazars. I will present source counts and spectral indices as well as multi-wavelength properties determined by matching with external datasets. In addition to studying sources detected in the survey, we have used the ACT data to statistically study the millimeter properties of radio sources selected from low frequency (1.4 GHz) surveys.
Radio Properties of AGN
Authors: Abrahamyan Hayk V. , Mickaelian Areg M.
Published: July 2014

To study the radio properties of AGN, we cross-correlate and investigate Veron-Cetty & Veron catalog of QSOs and Active Galaxies (v.13, 2010) with a number of radio catalogs: NVSS, FIRST, GB6, 87GB, SUMSS, WISH, WENSS, and 7C. This catalog contains 168,940 objects with positional accuracy of mostly 1 arcsec, though many positions have larger errors. We use new cross-correlation software based on accuracy of each object independently. In this software we take into account errors for each source and take identifications with errors within 3 sigma. Altogether, we find ~16,000 AGN having radio detection in any of the listed catalogs. Using all data from radio catalogs, we derive a homogeneous sample of radio AGN. The sample allows accomplish several tasks, including study of the distribution of radio sources by activity types, differences in physical properties of radio-loud and radio-quiet AGN, luminosity functions for various types of radio AGN, study of the q parameter by AGN types and its evolution, etc.
Multi-frequency, multi-epoch VLBI observations of the M87 jet
Authors: Hada Kazuhiro , Giroletti Marcello , Giovannini Gabriele , Doi Akihiro , Kino Motoki , Nagai Hiroshi , Honma Mareki , Kawaguchi Noriyuki
Published: July 2014

We present some of preliminary results obtained by our dense monitoring project of the M87 jet with VERA 22 and 43 GHz starting from October 2010. The aims of this monitor are to clarify the detailed physical properties of the M87 jet base near the black hole, including the connection to γ-ray productions, jet kinematics and nuclear opacity. We detected a remarkable increase of the radio flux from the jet base of M87 during an elevated very-high-energy γ-ray activity occurred in the early 2012, suggesting that the γ-ray is produced in the immediate vicinity of the central black hole.
Activity types for X-ray candidate AGN from SDSS
Authors: Paronyan Gurgen M. , Harutyunyan Gohar S. , Mickaelian Areg M.
Published: July 2014

The Joint Catalogue of Hamburg ROSAT Sources (HRC/BHRC) is the result of merging of HRC and BHRC catalogs built on the basis of optical identifications of ROSAT BSC and ROSAT FSC. Altogether, 8132 sources are present. Based on this catalogue, we have compiled a sample of ROSAT AGN, including candidate ones. In this paper we classify candidate AGN (those that previously had not been spectroscopically classified) by their activity type. The sample contains 955 objects with count rate of photons CR>0.04 ct/s in the area with galactic latitudes |b|>30 and declinations δ>0, however only 217 objects have SDSS DR10 spectra. The classification led to the following results: 95 AGN, 71 absorption-line galaxies, 42 stars, and 9 unclassified objects.
X-ray galaxies in nearby filaments
Authors: Tugay Anatoliy
Published: July 2014

New sample of X-ray galaxies selected from 2XMMi catalogue in SDSS region is analysed in this work. Spatial distribution and X-ray AGN spectral properties are discussed. A new method for extragalactic filament detection and description is proposed.
AGN surveys to study galaxy evolution along cosmic times
Authors: Spinoglio Luigi
Published: July 2014

Various observational techniques have been used to survey galaxies and AGN, from X-rays to radio frequencies, both photometric and spectroscopic. I will review these techniques aimed at the study of galaxy evolution and of the role of AGNs and star formation as the two main energy production mechanisms. I will then present as a new observational approach the far-IR spectroscopic surveys that could be done with planned astronomical facilities of the next future, such as SPICA from the space and CCAT from the ground.
Multi-Wavelength AGN from Ground and Space, from Far-IR to High-Energy
Authors: Stern Daniel
Published: July 2014

I will discuss multi-wavelength AGN studies, with a focus on mid-IR and radio selected obscured AGN. Obscured AGN, which are robustly identified across the full sky by WISE, are the dominant AGN population. I will discuss several aspects of the mid-IR obscured AGN population, ranging from detailed studies of extreme sources, the so-called WISE ultraluminous ‘hot dust-obscured galaxy’ or ‘hot DOG’ sample, as well as more general studies comparing obscured and unobscured AGN identified in wide-area surveys.
The Multiwavelength AGN Population and the X-ray Background
Authors: Treister Ezequiel , Urry Claudia M. , Schawinski Kevin , Simmons Brooke D. , Natarajan Priyamvada , Volonteri Marta
Published: July 2014

In order to fully understand galaxy formation we need to know when in the cosmic history are supermassive black holes (SMBHs) growing more intensively, in what type of galaxies this growth is happening and what fraction of these sources are invisible at most wavelengths due to obscuration. Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) population synthesis models that can explain the spectral shape and intensity of the cosmic X-ray background (CXRB) indicate that most of the SMBH growth occurs in moderate-luminosity (LX~ 1044 erg/s) sources (Seyfert-type AGN), at z~ 0.5−1 and in heavily obscured but Compton-thin, NH~ 1023cm−2, systems. However, this is not the complete history, as a large fraction of black hole growth does not emit significantly in X-rays either due to obscuration, intrinsic low luminosities or large distances. The integrated intensity at high energies indicates that a significant fraction of the total black hole growth, 22%, occurs in heavily-obscured systems that are not individually detected in even the deepest X-ray observations. We further investigate the AGN triggering mechanism as a function of bolometric luminosity, finding evidence for a strong connection between significant black hole growth events and major galaxy mergers from z~ 0 to z~ 3, while less spectacular but longer accretion episodes are most likely due to other (stochastic) processes. AGN activity triggered by major galaxies is responsible for ~60% of the total black hole growth. Finally, we constrain the total accreted mass density in supermassive black holes at z > 6, inferred via the upper limit derived from the integrated X-ray emission from a sample of photometrically selected galaxy candidates. We estimate an accreted mass density <1000 M⊙Mpc−3 at z~ 6, significantly lower than the previous predictions from some existing models of early black hole growth and earlier prior observations.
Red QSOs in the MBH-M∗ plane
Authors: Bongiorno Angela
Published: July 2014

We present new results on the the MBH-M∗ relation of X-ray obscured, red QSOs at high redshift (1.2<z<2.6). The sample is made of 21 red QSOs, nine of them are new sources for which near-infrared spectra have been obtained with SINFONI and XShooter observations at ESO VLT, and show a broad Hα component. The rest of the sample (12 sources) is made of sources taken from the literature with similar properties. From the broad Hα line we have computed the BH masses through the virial formula while stellar masses have been obtained through multi-component SED fitting.

We find that red QSOs preferentially lie on the local relation up to z ~ 2.6 with the most massive objects mainly located above it. We also studied the evolution of these sources on the MBH-M∗ plane compared to a sample of optically blue type–1 QSOs and we find that obscured red QSOs show a constant MBH/M∗ ratio consistent/slightly higher than the local one but lower than what has been found for blue QSOs. These sources may represent the intermediate phase (blow-out phase) between the major-merger induced starbursts which appear as ULIRGs and SMGs and the optical type–1 blue QSOs which are revealed once the dust and nuclear gas is cleared up.
Identifying the Most Luminous QSOs in the Universe from Multiwavelength Sky Surveys
Authors: Kimball Amy , Condon J. , Lonsdale C. , Lacy M.
Published: July 2014

I have combined data from sky surveys in the UV to the mid-IR, along with radio and X-ray data, to identify the most luminous QSOs in the Universe. The primary sky surveys were the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) 7th Data Release QSO Catalog, which provides unambiguous broad-line QSO classification and robust redshifts, and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) mid-IR catalog, because a large percentage of QSO bolometric luminous emerges in the IR. Out of the 100,000 SDSS/WISE QSOs, we find 140 (< 0.2%) with bolometric luminosity greater than 2×1014Lo, with redshifts ranging from about 1.7 to 5. The most luminous QSO found has Lbol ≈7×1014Lo. Merger-based galaxy evolution models predict that the host galaxies of such sources at peak QSO luminosity are undergoing a short-lived phase of extreme AGN feedback and massive star-formation activity after a major merger. Upcoming sub-mm observations with the new Atacama Large Millimeter/Sub-millimeter Array (ALMA), for a subset of the sample, will soon reveal crucial host galaxy properties of this unique sample.
A study of optical/IR selected AGNs with SDSS and WISE
Authors: Shao Li
Published: July 2014

We analyze a sample of 30,000 nearby obscured AGNs with SDSS and WISE. We use a “pair-matching” technique to subtract the host 4.6μm contribution, with the aid of SDSS data. By combining Seyferts with local SDSS quasars, we show that the [Oiii] and the intrinsic AGN 4.6μm luminosities correlate roughly linearly over 4 orders of magnitude, despite of large scatter. We also compare the partition functions of the total integrated 4.6μm and [Oiii] line luminosities from Seyferts and IR-bright LINERs, as function of a variety of host galaxy properties. The result suggests the optical and the IR selected AGNs represent the same galaxy population. We further study the environment of the AGNs, finding a link between the IR nuclear emission and the galaxy interaction.
Ultraviolet Line-Continuum properties of Seyfert 1 galaxies and quasars
Authors: Doddamani Vijayakumar H. , Vedavathi P.
Published: July 2014

Active galaxies are most luminous objects in the universe whose spectra are characterized by both permitted and forbidden emission line features. The spectra of Seyfert 1 galaxies and quasars contain strong and broad emission lines of wide ranging ionization potentials. The velocity widths of the lines range from a minimum of ≈ 500 km/s for narrow lines to a maximum of 20,000 km/sec for broad lines. The UV spectra of the active galaxies contain strong and broad emission lines such as Lyα, NV, SiIV, OIV], CIV, CIII] and MgII lines. The widths of the broad lines are attributed to the differential doppler shifts of the emission lines due to the bulk motions of individual clumpy gas clouds in the BLR region. We have anlysed UV spectra of Seyfert 1 galaxies and quasars from IUE satellite archival database to understand the nature of dependence of the emission line properties with the underlying UV continuum. We have undertaken line luminosity correlation studies for Lyα and CIV lines with their underlying UV continuum luminosity at 1125Å, 1425Å & 1625Å. The IUE archival spectra have been reduced for galactic reddening using the E(B-V) and NHI values published continuum luminosity has been observed at 1125Å, 1425Å & 1625Å. The Lyα line line has exhibited strongest linear correlation wavelengths while CIV line has shown at 1425Å and 2625Å wavelengths. These results are empirically consistent with the predictions of the general multi-component photo-ionization models suggesting that the central strong UV continuum has been reprocessed by the clumpy gas clouds of the broad emission region (BLR). A detailed account of the data reduction, UV flux measurement and the significance of line-luminosity correlations are discussed in this paper.
Investigation of Distant Quasars
Authors: Hovhannisyan Martik , Andreasyan R. , Paronyan G. , Abrahamyan H.
Published: July 2014

To study physical and morphological characteristics of distant quasars we carry out radio-optical investigation of 30 quasars from the Cambridge 7C catalogue second area (0.097 square radians). All these objects have angular sizes less than 1 arcsec on 102 MHz images. Average values of absolute magnitudes and spectral indices have been calculated for them (M = −26.51 ± 0.25, a = 0.66±0.25). It was shown that 60% of compact radio sources from the FIRST catalogue (1400 MHz) are candidates of distant quasars.
Size Measurements of the Quasar X-Ray Continuum Emission Region by Analysis of Microlensing in Chandra Imagery
Authors: MacLeod Chelsea L. , Morgan Christopher W.
Published: July 2014

Microlensing offers a unique way to constrain the physical extent of different emission regions in a lensed quasar, putting to test various accretion and continuum emission models. We perform a microlensing analysis using six Chandra observations (spanning six years) of the lensed quasar SDSS 0924+0219 (redshift zs=1.52), in which X-ray microlensing variability is detected with high confidence. The system exhibits pronounced microlensing variability in the X-rays compared to the optical, indicating a comparatively small extent of r1/2<3.8×104 cm (95% confidence) for the X-ray continuum emitting region, near the inner edge of the accretion disk.
Clustering and Halo Occupation Distribution of Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Miyaji Takamitsu , Krumpe M. , Coil A. , Aceves H. , Husemann B.
Published: July 2014

We present the results of our series of studies on correlation function and halo occupation distribution of AGNs utilizing data the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS) and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) in the redshift range of 0.07<z<0.36. In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, we take cross-correlation approach, where cross-correlation functions (CCF) between AGNs and much more numerous AGNs are analyzed. The calculated CCFs are analyzed using the Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD) model, where the CCFs are divided into the term contributed by the AGN-galaxy pairs that reside in one dark matter halo (DMH), (the 1-halo term) and those from two different DMHs (the 2-halo term). The 2-halo term is the indicator of the bias parameter, which is a function of the typical mass of the DMHs in which AGNs reside. The combination of the 1-halo and 2-halo terms gives, not only the typical DMH mass, but also how the AGNs are distributed among the DMHs as a function of mass separately for those at the center of the DMHs and satellites. The main results are as follows: (1) the range of typical mass of the DMHs in various sub-samples of AGNs log (MDMH/h−1MΘ) ~ 12.4–13.4, (2) we found a dependence of the AGN bias parameter on the X-ray luminosity of AGNs, while the optical luminosity dependence is not significant probably due to smaller dynamic range in luminosity for the optically-selected sample, and (3) the growth of the number of AGNs per DMH (N (MDMH)) with MDMH is shallow, or even may be flat, contrary to that of the galaxy population in general, which grows with MDMH proportionally, suggesting a suppression of AGN triggering in denser environment. In order to investigate the origin of the X-ray luminosity dependence, we are also investigating the dependence of clustering on the black hole mass and the Eddington ratio, we also present the results of this investigation.
Dependence of equivalent width of quasar emission lines on UV-optical spectral index
Authors: Torbaniuk Olena , Ivashchenko Ganna
Published: July 2014

Using 192 composite spectra stacked from subsamples of individual SDSS quasar spectra binned in spectral index, αλ, and logarithm of monochromatic luminosity at 1450 Å, log l1450, and modelling separate spectral ranges with superposition of emission lines it was found that: there is a dependence of emission line equivalent width (EW) on αλ (correlation or anti-correlation) for some lines, mostly for those lines for which the Baldwin effect is detected, while for the lines for which the Baldwin effect is not observed any αλ-dependence was found.
The impact of AGN on their host galaxies
Authors: Harrison C. M.
Published: July 2014

In these proceedings I briefly: (1) review the impact (or “feedback”) that active galactic nuclei (AGN) are predicted to have on their host galaxies and larger scale environment, (2) review the observational evidence for or against these predictions and (3) present new results on ionised outflows in AGN. The observational support for the “maintenance mode” of feedback is strong (caveat the details); AGN at the centre of massive halos appear to be regulating the cooling of hot gas, which could in turn control the levels of future star formation (SF) and black hole growth. In contrast, direct observational support for more rapid forms of feedback, which dramatically impact on SF (i.e., the “quasar mode”), remains elusive. From a systematic study of the spectra of ≈24 000 AGN we find that extreme ionised gas kinematics are common, and are most prevalent in radio bright AGN (L1.4 GHz> 103W Hz−1). Follow-up IFU observations have shown that these extreme gas kinematics are extended over kilo-parsec scales. However, the co-existence of high-levels of SF, luminous AGN activity and radio jets raises interesting questions on the primary drivers and impact of these outflows. Galaxy-wide, high-mass outflows are being observed in an increasing number of AGN and are a plausible mechanism for the depletion of gas; however, there is still much work to be done to determine the physical processes that drive these outflows and to measure the level of impact that they have on their host galaxies.
Revealing AGN, young and old stellar populations in HzRGs with PEGASE.3
Authors: Drouart Guillaume , De Breuck Carlos , Vernet Joël , Volmerange Brigitte Rocca , Seymour Nicholas
Published: July 2014

The HeRGÉ (Herschel Radio Galaxy Evolution) project consists of a sample of 70 radio galaxies in the range 1 < z < 5.2. They benefit from continuous coverage from 3 to 870μm with Spitzer, Herschel and sub-mm ground-based instruments (SCUBA, LABOCA). As a calorimeter, IR is an excellent proxy to estimate the contribution of both AGN and starburst, making of radio galaxies perfect candidates to provide new insights into the relationship between AGN and their host galaxies. The IR SED fitting with empirical templates reveals that radio galaxies are luminous and that their black holes and their host galaxies are not growing simultaneously. Extending the SED to optical/near-IR on a subsample of 12 radio galaxies spanning 1 < z < 4 reveal the necessity of three components to reproduce the observations. Making use of the evolutionary code PEGASE.3 and an AGN torus model, we are able to estimate parameters from the AGN torus, the evolved stellar population and the starburst (SB). They reveal that radio galaxies are massive, evolved, forming the bulk of their mass at very high redshift in a short timescale, but experience episodic, strong SB events, often associated with an AGN activity.
AGN Absorption Linked to Host Galaxies
Authors: Juneau Stéphanie
Published: July 2014

Multiwavelength identification of AGN is crucial not only to obtain a more complete census, but also to learn about the physical state of the nuclear activity (obscuration, efficiency, etc.). A panchromatic strategy plays an especially important role when the host galaxies are star-forming. Selecting far-Infrared galaxies at 0.3<z<1, and using AGN tracers in the X-ray, optical spectra, mid-infrared, and radio regimes, we found a twice higher AGN fraction than previous studies, thanks to the combined AGN identification methods and in particular the recent Mass-Excitation (MEx) diagnostic diagram. We furthermore find an intriguing relation between AGN X-ray absorption and the specific star formation rate (sSFR) of the host galaxies, indicating a physical link between X-ray absorption and either the gas fraction or the gas geometry in the hosts. These findings have implications for our current understanding of both the AGN unification model and the nature of the black hole-galaxy connection.