bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
YY1‐mediated up‐regulation of lncRNA LINC00466 facilitates glioma progression via miR‐508/CHEK1
Authors: Li Fei , Shen Zheng‐Ze , Xiao Chao‐Ming , Sha Qian‐Kun
Published: October 2020

Background

The abnormal expression of lncRNA LINC00466 (LINC00466) has been demonstrated in several tumor types. However, the expression pattern and functions of LINC00466 in glioma remain uninvestigated.

Methods

A reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was utilized to analyze LINC00466 in human glioma tissues and cell lines. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to explore whether YY1 could bind to the promoter region of LINC00466. Cell counting kit‐8, flow cytometry, colony‐formation, transwell migration and invasion assays were carried out to determine the involvement of INC00466 in glioma. Luciferase assays and pulldown assays were conducted to verify the binding sites.

Results

We report that LINC00466 expression is increased in glioma cells and tissues. YY1 transcription factor (YY1) can bind directly to the LINC00466 promoter region. Clinical studies revealed that the elevated expression of LINC00466 is closely correlated with an advanced World Health Organization grade (p = 0.008), Karnofsky Performance Status score (p = 0.004) and a short overall survival (p = 0.0035) of glioma patients. Functional assays revealed that LINC00466 knockdown distinctly suppresses glioma cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal progress, and also promotes apoptosis. Moreover, dual‐luciferase reporter assays indicated that LINC00466 acts as an endogenous sponge via binding to miR‐508 and decreasing its expression. Luciferase assays and RT‐PCR assays demonstrated that checkpoint kinase 1 (CHEK1) is a target of miR‐508, and LINC00466 modulates CHEK1 levels by competing for miR‐508. LINC00466 may exhibit its anti‐oncogenic roles through targeting the miR‐508/CHEK1 axis.

Conclusions

Our findings identified a novel glioma‐related long non‐coding RNA, LINC00466, which may provide a potential novel prognostic and therapeutic target for glioma.
Novel synthesis of 2‐Aminothiazoles via Fe(III)‐Iodine‐catalyzed Hantzsch‐type condensation
Authors: Ujwaldev Sankuviruthiyil M. , Harry Nissy Ann , Neetha Mohan , Anilkumar Gopinathan
Published: October 2020

A novel iron‐iodine catalyzed one pot synthesis of 2‐aminothiazoles from methyl aryl ketones and thiourea is demonstrated. This protocol can be considered as a catalyzed version of the classical Hantzsch aminothiazole synthesis as it enables the in situ generation of α‐iodoketones in the reaction medium using catalytic amount of iodine leading to Hantzsch condensation with thiourea. The supply of iodine for multiple catalytic cycles is ensured by using catalytic amounts of iron as it enables iodide to iodine oxidation. The generality of this protocol is also well established in this manuscript by synthesizing a variety of 2‐aminothiazoles from different ketones and thiourea.
Utilizing Latinx Cultural Wealth to Create a College‐Going Culture in High School
Authors: Martinez Robert R. , Akos Patrick , Kurz Maureen
Published: October 2020

Capitalizing on Latinx students’ aspirational, linguistic, social, navigational, familial, resistant, perseverant, and spiritual community cultural wealth (CCW) can help school counselors empower Latinx students. We outline and integrate critical race theory and CCW and demonstrate how communities of color bring assets and protective factors with them to their educational settings. We also examine how school counselors can utilize these eight forms of CCW to promote postsecondary opportunities for Latinx youth.

Aprovechar las ventajas que ofrece la riqueza cultural de la comunidad (CCW, por sus siglas en inglés) de estudiantes latinxs y su capital aspiracional, lingüístico, social, familiar, espiritual, de navegación, de resistencia y de perseverancia puede ayudar a los consejeros escolares a empoderar a estudiantes latinxs. Perfilamos e integramos la teoría crítica de la raza y el modelo de CCW y demostramos cómo las comunidades de color aportan recursos y factores de protección a sus entornos educativos. También examinamos cómo los consejeros escolares pueden utilizar estas ocho formas de CCW para potenciar las oportunidades disponibles para jóvenes latinxs después de su educación secundaria.
Not a Problem to Be Fixed: Successful First‐Generation Graduates and Implications for College Counselors
Authors: Brown Eric M. , Ramrakhiani Sonia , Tate Kevin A.
Published: October 2020

This article describes a qualitative study with seven first‐generation college graduates who went on to complete graduate school and are now working in colleges and universities as counselors and counselor educators. The findings highlight the resources that these participants possessed that contributed to their college success stories. Relational‐cultural theory is proposed as a fitting developmental model for college counselors working with this student demographic.

Este artículo describe un estudio cualitativo con siete graduados universitarios de primera generación que completaron programas de posgrado y actualmente trabajan como consejeros y educadores de consejeros en universidades y otros centros de estudios superiores. Los resultados resaltan los recursos que poseían los participantes y que contribuyeron a sus historias de éxito en la educación superior. Se propone la teoría relacional‐cultural como un modelo de desarrollo apropiado para consejeros de educación superior que trabajan con este grupo demográfico de estudiantes.
Three‐dimensional geometric morphometric analysis of the humerus: Comparative postweaning ontogeny between fossorial and semiaquatic water voles (Arvicola)
Authors: Dura˜o Ana Filipa , Muñoz‐Muñoz Francesc , Ventura Jacint
Published: October 2020

Different types of locomotion in phylogenetically close rodent species can lead to significantly different growth patterns of certain skeletal structures. In the present study, we compared the allometric and phenotypic trajectories of the humerus in semiaquatic (Arvicola sapidus) and fossorial (Arvicola scherman) water vole taxa, using three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics, to investigate the relationships between functional and ontogenetic differences. Results revealed shared humerus traits between A. sapidus and A. scherman, specifically an expansion of the epicondylar and deltopectoral crests along postnatal ontogeny. In both species, the humerus of young specimens is more robust than in adults, possibly as a compensatory response for lower bone stiffness. However, significant interspecific differences were detected in all components of allometric and phenotypic trajectories. Noticeably divergent allometric trajectories were observed, probably as a result of different functional pressures exerted on this bone. Important differences in the form of the adult humerus between taxa were also found, particularly in features located in muscle insertion zones. Furthermore, the allometric regression revealed certain shape variation not associated with size in A. scherman, suggesting mechanical stress produced by the persistent digging activity during adulthood. A. scherman is a chisel‐tooth digger that shares several traits in the humerus morphology with scratch‐digger rodent species. Nevertheless, these shared characteristics are less pronounced in fossorial water voles, which is congruent with the different implications of the forelimb in the digging activity in these two types of diggers.
Associations Between Carotid Plaque Characteristics and Improvement of Cerebral Blood Perfusion in Patients With Moderate to Severe Carotid Stenosis Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Huo Ran , Xu Huimin , Yang Dandan , Qiao Huiyu , Li Jin , Han Hualu , Liu Ying , Wang Tao , Yuan Huishu , Zhao Xihai
Published: October 2020

Background

The relationship between plaque characteristics and their predictive value for perioperative cerebral blood flow (CBF) are unknown.

Purpose

To investigate the relationship between carotid plaque characteristics and perioperative CBF utilizing MRI.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

In all, 131 patients with carotid moderate‐to‐severe stenosis referred for carotid endarterectomy (CEA).

Field Strength/Sequence

3T, black‐blood T1‐ and T2‐weighted, 3D time‐of‐flight, and simultaneous noncontrast angiography intraplaque hemorrhage.

Assessment

The relative CBF (rCBF = CBFindex‐hemisphere/CBFcontralateral‐hemisphere) and the CBF difference ratio (DRCBF = [CBFpost‐CEA – CBFpre‐CEA]/CBFpre‐CEA) in the middle cerebral artery territory were measured. The pre‐ and post‐CEA CTP data were used as the assessment standard for CBF change. Carotid lipid‐rich necrotic core (LRNC), intraplaque hemorrhage, calcification, fibrous cap rupture, maximum wall thickness, normalized wall index (NWI), and stenosis were determined.

Statistical Tests

Pearson or Spearman correlation, Mann–Whitney U‐test, and linear regression.

Results

Patients with LRNC had higher rCBFpre‐CEA than those without (1.0 ± 0.1 vs. 0.9 ± 0.1, P < 0.05). NWI was weakly correlated with rCBFpre‐CEA (r = −0.213, P < 0.05) and DRCBF (r = 0.185, P < 0.05) and marginally correlated with rCBFpost‐CEA (r = 0.166, P = 0.057). LRNC was weakly correlated with rCBFpre‐CEA (r = 0.179, P < 0.05). NWI was associated with rCBFpre‐CEA (β = −0.035; 95% confidence interval [CI] [−0.064, −0.006]; P < 0.05), rCBFpost‐CEA (β = 0.042; 95% CI [0.002, 0.081]; P < 0.05) and DRCBF (β = 0.105; 95% CI [0.026, 0.185]; P < 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, associations of NWI with rCBFpost‐CEA (β = 0.059; 95% CI [0.016, 0.103]; P < 0.05) and DRCBF (β = 0.110; 95% CI [0.021, 0.199]; P < 0.05) remained statistically significant, while the association between NWI and rCBFpre‐CEA was no longer significant (β = −0.026; 95% CI [−0.058, 0.006]; P = 0.112).The associations of LRNC with rCBFpre‐CEA (β = 0.057; 95% CI [−0.0006, 0.114]; P = 0.052) and DRCBF (β = −0.157; 95% CI [−0.314, 0.001]; P = 0.051) were close to statistical significance. After adjusting for confounding factors, these associations were statistically significant (of LRNC vs. rCBFpre‐CEA: β = 0.060; 95% CI [0.003, 0.118]; P < 0.05; LRNC vs. DRCBF: β = −0.205; 95% CI [−0.375, −0.036]; P < 0.05).

Data Conclusion

Carotid plaque burden and components, particularly LRNC, might be effective indicators for CBF change following CEA.

Level of Evidence 1

Technical Efficacy Stage 5
Reliability and Reproducibility of Neuromelanin‐Sensitive Imaging of the Substantia Nigra: A Comparison of Three Different Sequences
Authors: van der Pluijm Marieke , Cassidy Clifford , Zandstra Melissa , Wallert Elon , de Bruin Kora , Booij Jan , de Haan Lieuwe , Horga Guillermo , van de Giessen Elsmarieke
Published: October 2020

Background

Neuromelanin‐sensitive MRI (NM‐MRI) of the substantia nigra provides a noninvasive way to acquire an indirect measure of dopamine functioning. Despite the potential of NM‐MRI as a candidate biomarker for dopaminergic pathology, studies about its reproducibility are sparse.

Purpose

To assess the test–retest reproducibility of three commonly used NM‐MRI sequences and evaluate three analysis methods.

Study Type

Prospective study.

Population

A total of 11 healthy participants age between 20–27 years.

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0T; NM‐MRI gradient recalled echo (GRE) with magnetization transfer (MT) pulse; NM‐MRI turbo spin echo (TSE) with MT pulse; NM‐MRI TSE without MT pulse.

Assessment

Participants were scanned twice with a 3‐week interval. Manual analysis, threshold analysis, and voxelwise analysis were performed for volume and contrast ratio (CR) measurements.

Statistical Tests

Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for test–retest and inter‐ and intrarater variability.

Results

The GRE sequence achieved the highest contrast and lowest variability (4.9–5.7%) and showed substantial to almost perfect test–retest ICC (0.72–0.90) for CR measurements. For volume measurements, the manual analysis showed a higher variability (10.7–17.9%) and scored lower test–retest ICCs (–0.13–0.73) than the other analysis methods. The threshold analysis showed higher test–retest ICC (0.77) than the manual analysis for the volume measurements.

Data Conclusion

NM‐MRI is a highly reproducible measure, especially when using the GRE sequence and CR measurements. Volume measurements appear to be more sensitive to inter/intrarater variability and variability in placement and orientation of the NM‐MRI slab. The threshold analysis appears to be the best alternative for volume analysis.

Level of Evidence

2

Technical Efficacy Stage

1
Association of renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitors with mortality and testing positive of COVID‐19: Meta‐analysis
Authors: Yokoyama Yujiro , Aikawa Tadao , Takagi Hisato , Briasoulis Alexandros , Kuno Toshiki
Published: October 2020

Some have hypothesized that the use of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin‐receptor blockers (ARB) may modify susceptibility to coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) in humans. Thus, we conducted two meta‐analyses to investigate the effect of ACEI and ARB on mortality and susceptibility to COVID‐19. Pubmed and EMBASE were searched through June 2020 to identify clinical trials that investigated the testing positive and in‐hospital mortality rates for COVID‐19 for those who were treated with ACEI and/or ARB and for those who were not treated with ACEI or ARB. The first analysis investigated the testing positive rate of COVID‐19. The second analysis investigated the in‐hospital mortality rate for patients with COVID‐19. Three eligible studies for the first analysis and 14 eligible studies for the second analysis were identified. The first analysis demonstrated that the use of ACEI or ARB did not affect the testing positive rates (odds ratio [OR] [confidence interval [CI]] = 0.96 [0.88–1.04]; p = .69, OR [CI] = 0.99 [0.91–1.08]; p = 0.35, respectively). The second analysis showed that the use of ACEI and/or ARB did not affect in‐hospital mortality (risk ratio [RR] 95% [CI]] = 0.88 [0.64–1.20], p = 0.42). The subgroup analysis by limiting studies of patients with hypertension showed ACEI and/or ARB use was associated with a significant reduction of in‐hospital mortality compared with no ACEI or ARB use (RR [CI] = 0.66 [0.49‐0.89], p = 0.004). Our analysis demonstrated that ACEI and/or ARB use was associated neither with testing positive rates of COVID‐19 nor with mortality of COVID‐19 patients.
Evaluation of alpha defensin, IL‐1 receptor antagonist, and IL‐18 levels in COVID‐19 patients with macrophage activation syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Kerget Buğra , Kerget Ferhan , Aksakal Alperen , Aşkın Seda , Sağlam Leyla , Akgün Metin
Published: October 2020

Background

Many laboratory parameters have been associated with morbidity and mortality in SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19), which emerged in an animal market in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has infected over 20 million people. This study investigated the relationship between serum interleukin (IL)‐18, IL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra), and alpha defensin levels and the clinical course and prognosis of COVID‐19.

Materials and Methods

This study included 100 patients who were admitted to the chest diseases department and intensive care unit of our hospital and diagnosed with COVID‐19 by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of nasopharyngeal swab samples between March 24 and May 31, 2020. The control group consisted of 50 nonsymptomatic health workers with negative real‐time PCR results in routine COVID‐19 screening in our hospital.

Results

Serum alpha defensin, IL‐1Ra, and IL‐18 levels were significantly higher in patients who developed macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) compared to patients who did not (p < .001 for all). Alpha defensin, IL‐1Ra, and IL‐18 levels were significantly higher in COVID‐19 patients with and without MAS or ARDS when compared to the control group (p < .001 for all). When the 9 patients who died were compared with the 91 surviving patients, IL‐1Ra and IL‐18 levels were found to be significantly higher in the nonsurvivors (p < .001).

Conclusion

Our findings of correlations between alpha defensin and levels of IL‐1Ra and IL‐18, which were previously shown to be useful in COVID‐19 treatment and follow‐up, indicates that it may also be promising in treatment.
A Force to Be Reckoned With: College Women's Experiences With the #MeToo Movement
Authors: Callender Karisse A. , Klassen Samantha
Published: October 2020

The hashtag #MeToo was created for use on social media platforms to allow survivors of sexual violence to share their experiences. Our study describes a phenomenological analysis of college women's experiences with the #MeToo movement and its impact on their help‐seeking behaviors. Participants had varied reactions to the movement and experiences with help‐seeking, but broadly experienced the movement as a positive force in society. Implications for college counselors and recommendations for future research are provided.
Nontraditional and Struggling: Academic and Financial Distress Among Older Student Clients
Authors: Moore Elle A. , Winterrowd Erin , Petrouske Alisha , Priniski Stacy J. , Achter John
Published: October 2020

Few researchers have examined the mental health needs of nontraditional student clients (age 25 and older) using a multisite counseling center sample. This study (N = 4,499) included 630 nontraditional students (age 25 and older) who sought counseling services across one state university system. Compared with traditional‐age student clients, nontraditional clients were more demographically diverse, presented with different concerns and challenges, and were more likely to report financial stress. Financial stress mediated relationships between nontraditional students status and academic dysfunction.
Experiences of Unintentionally Severe Harm During Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury Among College Students
Authors: Muller Daniella L. , Buser Trevor J. , Farag Mena S. , Buser Juleen K.
Published: October 2020

Nine participants were interviewed about their experiences with unintentionally severe injury during engagement in nonsuicidal self‐injury. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, we identified four common themes among participants: (a) explosive affect prior to unintentional injury, (b) loss of control during unintentional injury, (c) unfamiliar method, and (d) consequences of unintentional injury. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Safe Sisters: A Sorority‐Based Bystander Intervention Program to Prevent Sexual Assault
Authors: Feldwisch Rachel P. , Whiston Susan C. , Arackal Isabella J.
Published: October 2020

This study examined the effectiveness of Safe Sisters, a sexual assault bystander intervention program that targets members of college sororities. Analysis of covariance results show significant differences between treatment and waitlist control groups on posttest scores for action, bystander efficacy, intent to help friends, and intent to help strangers. Significant differences are not shown between treatment and waitlist control groups on posttest scores for precontemplation, contemplation, and rape myth acceptance. Limitations and implications are discussed.
Embedded Student Counseling Services: Insights From Veterinary Mental Health Practitioners
Authors: Karaffa Kerry M. , Bradtke Jennifer A. , Hancock Tamara S.
Published: October 2020

Embedded university counseling services are becoming more common, but there has been limited discussion regarding practices and challenges associated with developing and sustaining them. In this article, we discuss the application of innovative embedded models to meet the mental health needs of professional students in colleges of veterinary medicine. We also consider implications for establishing and providing embedded counseling services for other student populations.
Heuristic Inquiry: Bridging Humanistic Research and Counseling Practice
Authors: Sultan Nevine
Published: October 2020

The divide between counseling research and practice is often wide. Humanistic research methodologies such as heuristic inquiry resonate with clinical practice and may bridge the research‐practice chasm through focus on real‐world experience and self‐other understanding. This article illuminates principles of heuristic inquiry and implications for humanistic clinical practice and social justice.
Trauma Exposure and Problem Drinking in Late Adolescence: A Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Witte Tricia H. , Weymouth Bridget B. , Gajos Jamie M. , Penunuri Andrew , Levy Sera
Published: October 2020

Exposure to early traumatic events has been implicated in problem drinking during late adolescence, and this association may be stronger among youth with emotion regulation deficits. The purpose of this study was to identify subgroups of late adolescents based on trauma type, including loss, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms; and emotion regulation deficits that confer the risk for problematic drinking behaviors. A sample of 946 participants (M age = 18.84 years, SD = 1.06) was analyzed with mixed‐indicator latent profile analysis to identify subgroups and explore whether these subgroups displayed significant differences regarding elevated drinking frequency, alcohol quantity, and problematic alcohol use. A four‐profile model yielded the best fit to the data, and four groups were identified and labeled “high functioning” (29.4%), “loss regulated” (32.3%), “loss dysregulated” (28.1%), and “multiple trauma dysregulated” (10.1%). Individuals in the high functioning group reported the lowest rates on all three measures of alcohol misuse (14.6‐24.9%), whereas those in the multiple trauma dysregulated group reported the highest rates on all three measures (31.6‐71.5%). Individuals in the multiple trauma dysregulated group (M = 0.25) differed significantly from those in the other three groups (Ms = 0.42–0.72) on the measure of problematic alcohol use but scored similarly to those in the loss dysregulated group on measures of drinking frequency (M = 0.32 and 0.24, respectively) and quantity (M = 0.43 and 0.39, respectively). These findings have implications for prevention programs targeted for alcohol use disorders among older adolescents.
Septal Perforation Repair Using Bilateral Mucosal Flaps With a Temporalis Fascia Interposition Graft
Authors: Miglani Amar , Taylor Cullen , Bansberg Stephen F.
Published: October 2020

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Peri‐procedural Anticoagulation in Patients with Head and Neck Versus Extremity Venous Malformations
Authors: Dharmarajan Harish , McCoy Jennifer L. , Jabbour Noel , McCormick Andrew , Xavier Frederico , Correa Debra , Padia Reema
Published: October 2020

Objective

(1) Review a multidisciplinary vascular anomalies center's practice regarding periprocedural anticoagulation for venous malformations (VM) and the associated risk of thromboembolic and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) events. (2) Compare the risk of thromboembolic events and DIC post‐procedure between head and neck (H&N) and extremity VM patients.

Methods

An Institutional Review Board (IRB)‐approved, retrospective chart review was performed on 120 VM patients. A thromboembolic event was defined as a thrombus formation post‐sclerotherapy or post‐surgery within 2 months in a distant or local venous structure not directly addressed by the procedure.

Results

There were 39 cases involving the H&N and 81 cases based at the extremities. There were eight cases of post‐procedure thrombus formation within the extremity VM group (8/71; 11.3%) as opposed to 0 cases in the H&N group (OR: 0, 95% CI .00–.09), p = .049. There was no difference in incidence of post‐procedure thromboembolic events between those with elevated D‐dimer (H&N: 0%, extremity: 22.7%, 5/22) and normal D‐dimer values (H&N: 0%, extremity: 6.3% [1/16], P = .370). There was no difference in incidence of post‐procedure thromboembolic events between those who received periprocedural anticoagulation (H&N: 0%, extremity: 21%, 4/19) and those who did not (H&N: 0%, extremity: 8.2%, 4/49), (Extremity: OR: 3.00, .67–13.50, P = .206).

Conclusion

Post‐procedure thromboembolism is rare in the treatment of venous malformations, especially in the head and neck subsite. Regardless of anticoagulation use, there were no thromboembolic events for H&N VM patients. Such events are rare, and the odds may approach zero, especially with small sample size.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 131:1163–1167, 2021
Reconstructive Options During Nonfunctional Laryngectomy
Authors: Escalante Derek , Vincent Aurora G. , Wang Weitao , Shokri Tom , Ducic Yadranko
Published: October 2020

Objective

A paucity of data exists regarding surgical outcomes for patients undergoing total laryngectomy for a dysfunctional larynx. Herein, we present the largest study evaluating the method of closure on postoperative fistula rate and swallowing ability.

Method

We performed a retrospective review of patients undergoing total laryngectomy for a dysfunctional larynx after primary radiation or chemoradiation therapy for laryngeal carcinoma from 1998 to 2020. Demographic information, operative details, length of hospitalization, fistula formation, method of fistula treatment, and need for enteral feeding 6 months after surgery were analyzed.

Results

A total of 268 patients were included. Flaps were performed in 140 (52.2%) patients, including radial forearm free flaps (RFFF), pectoralis flaps, and supraclavicular flaps. Sixty‐four (23.9%) patients developed postoperative fistulas. There was no significant difference in the fistula rate between flap and primary closure methods (P = .06). However, among patients who had a flap, RFFF had a significantly lower fistula rate (P = .02). Significantly more patients who had initial closure with a pectoralis flap required an additional flap for fistula repair than those who underwent RFFF or primary closure (P < .05). Last, whereas 87 patients (32.5%) required an enteral feeding tube 6 months after surgery, significantly fewer patients who underwent RFFF were feeding tube‐dependent (P = < .0001).

Conclusion

Herein, we present the largest study of outcomes after total laryngectomy for dysfunctional larynx. Postoperative fistula rates are high, 23%; however, the majority of patients, 67%, will not require long‐term enteral support. The RFFF is an excellent option demonstrating the lowest rates of postoperative fistula and enteral feeding tube dependence.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1510–E1513, 2021
Assessment of land degradation using machine‐learning techniques: A case of declining rangelands
Authors: Yousefi Saleh , Pourghasemi Hamid Reza , Avand Mohammadtaghi , Janizadeh Saeid , Tavangar Shahla , Santosh M.
Published: October 2020

Increased use and increasing demands pose serious threats to rangelands. In this study, we document a pronounced downward trend in rangeland quality in the Alborz Mountains in Firozkuh County, Iran using analysis of three machine‐learning models (MLMs). A total of 1,147 transects were established to evaluate the rangeland quality trends from field data collected over a 7‐year period. Twelve independent conditional factors were analyzed for their relationships to range quality through three MLMs—Random Forest (RF), classification and regression tree (CART), and support vector machine (SVM). Based on assessments of the trained and validated models, RF, with a ROC‐AUC = 0.96, was determined to be the most robust. The results show that about 20% of the rangeland in the study area is in a critically degraded condition. Distances from roads and livestock density are the two factors most strongly linked to degradation. These results, in combination with field observations, indicate that the rangelands of the study area face two major challenges (overgrazing and early grazing) that require new strategies to mitigate and prevent damages. This study may provide important guidance for evaluating rangeland conditions in other regions of the world.
Otolith chemistry of Electrona antarctica suggests a potential population marker distinguishing the southern Kerguelen Plateau from the eastward‐flowing Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Authors: Duan Mi , Ashford Julian R. , Bestley Sophie , Wei Xiaoying , Walters Andrea , Zhu Guoping
Published: October 2020

Large submarine plateaus impede the eastward flow of the deep‐reaching Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), and at the southern Kerguelen Plateau (SKP), the ACC flow is steered north through the Fawn Trough and south through the Princess Elizabeth Trough. During the Kerguelen Axis study, a regional‐scale ecosystem survey, oceanographic sampling showed the ACC water properties west of the SKP to be distinct from those over the SKP. Electrona antarctica, a dominant mesopelagic fish species, is associated with Circumpolar Deep Water transported by the ACC, and modified versions that occur over and downstream from the SKP including along the Antarctic continental slope. Here, otolith chemistry from samples of E. antarctica collected during the survey were used to test a biophysical hypothesis predicting structuring and movement between populations along zonal flow in the ACC. In chemistry deposited during early life in the otolith nuclei, the relationship between MgCa−1 and SrCa−1 showed complete separation between fish collected over the SKP and within the ACC proper, indicating population differentiation. Chemistry from the otolith edges, deposited during the period leading up to capture, showed significantly higher concentrations of MgCa−1 over the SKP, likely related to differences in feeding and reproduction. Fish with nucleus chemistry characteristic of the SKP were also found in samples caught further east, suggesting they were transported along the ACC downstream, and southward toward the Antarctic continent within the Australian–Antarctic Gyre.
Variation in Racial Disparities in Liver Transplant Outcomes Across Transplant Centers in the United States
Authors: Ross‐Driscoll Katherine , Kramer Michael , Lynch Raymond , Plantinga Laura , Wedd Joel , Patzer Rachel
Published: October 2020

Little is known about the role that transplant centers may play in perpetuating racial disparities after liver transplantation, which are unexplained by patient‐level factors. We examined variation in between‐center and within‐center disparities among 34,114 Black and White liver transplant recipients in the United States from 2010 to 2017 using Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipient (SRTR) data. We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate transplant center‐specific Black–White hazard ratios and hierarchical survival analysis to examine potential effect modification of the race–survival association by transplant center characteristics, including transplant volume, proportion of Black patients, SRTR quality rating, and region. Models were sequentially adjusted for clinical, socioeconomic, and center characteristics. After adjustment, Black patients experienced 1.11 excess deaths after liver transplant per 100 person‐years compared with White patients (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65‐1.56), corresponding to a 21% increased mortality risk (95% CI, 1.12‐1.31). Although there was substantial variation in this disparity across transplant centers, there was no evidence of effect modification by transplant center volume, proportion of minority patients seen, quality rating, or region. We found significant racial disparities in survival after transplant, with substantial variation in this disparity across transplant centers that was not explained by selected center characteristics. This is the first study to directly evaluate the role transplant centers play in racial disparities in transplant outcomes. Further assessment of the qualitative factors that may drive disparities, such as selection processes and follow‐up care, is needed to create effective center‐level interventions to address health inequity.
Degeneration of torsors over families of del Pezzo surfaces
Authors: Derenthal Ulrich , Hoffmann Norbert
Published: October 2020

LetSbe a split family of del Pezzo surfaces over a discrete valuation ring such that the general fiber is smooth and the special fiber has ‐singularities. LetGbe the reductive group given by the root system of these singularities. We construct aG‐torsor overSwhose restriction to the generic fiber is the extension of structure group of the universal torsor. This extends a construction of Friedman and Morgan for individual singular del Pezzo surfaces. In case of very good residue characteristic, this torsor is unique and infinitesimally rigid.
A versatile reactive oxygen species‐responsive gels sensor for analysis of metabolic species
Authors: Mugo Samuel M. , Lu Weihao
Published: October 2020

We report a flexible redox responsive polymer‐based sensor for detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The sensor comprises multilayers of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), carbon nanotube/cellulose nanocrystal (CNT/CNC) and a redox responsive poly (glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate‐co‐vinyl ferrocene), herewith called poly (GMA‐co‐EGDMA‐co Fc) nanoferrogels. These sensor layers were printed on a micropillared polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. The nanoferrogel sensor versatility has been demonstrated in its effective detection of ROS species, specifically H2O2, peroxylipids, and oxidative deriving species such as cholesterol and unsaturated triglycerides. The nanoferrogel ROS sensor rapidly (~1 min) responds to both H2O2 and peroxylipids with a limit of detection (LOD) of ~0.060 ± 0.001 µg/ml) and 0.012 ± 0.001 µg/ml, respectively. The cholesterol oxidase and lipoxygenase‐based nanoferrogel sensor were successfully evaluated for the detection of cholesterol (LOD of 0.12 ± 0.02 µg/ml) and glyceryltrilinoeate (LOD of 1.8 ± 0.2 ng/ml) standards, respectively. These enzyme‐loaded ROS nanoferrogel sensors were also evaluated for quantification of cholesterol and glyceryltrilinoeate in bacon lard and olive oils. The fabricated flexible ROS sensors are versatile for quantitation of oxidative stress biomarkers, useful in myriad applications including clinical, environmental, food, and plant physiology.
Anti‐VEGF DNA‐based aptamers in cancer therapeutics and diagnostics
Authors: Riccardi Claudia , Napolitano Ettore , Platella Chiara , Musumeci Domenica , Melone Mariarosa A. B. , Montesarchio Daniela
Published: October 2020

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and its receptors play fundamental roles not only in physiological but also in pathological angiogenesis, characteristic of cancer progression. Aiming at finding putative treatments for several malignancies, various small molecules, antibodies, or protein‐based drugs have been evaluated in vitro and in vivo as VEGF inhibitors, providing efficient agents approved for clinical use. Due to the high clinical importance of VEGF, also a great number of anti‐VEGF nucleic acid‐based aptamers—that is, oligonucleotides able to bind with high affinity and specificity a selected biological target—have been developed as promising agents in anticancer strategies. Notable research efforts have been made in optimization processes of the identified aptamers, searching for increased target affinity and/or bioactivity by exploring structural analogues of the lead compounds. This review is focused on recent studies devoted to the development of DNA‐based aptamers designed to target VEGF. Their therapeutic potential as well as their significance in the construction of highly selective biosensors is here discussed.
HHS opens eligibility requirements for new provider funding
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: October 2020

Taking into consideration previously ineligible providers and providers who have already received Provider Relief Fund payments, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) on Oct. 1 announced new eligibility requirements and the availability of $20 billion for providers on the frontlines of the COVID‐19 pandemic, including providers of mental health and substance use disorder treatment and services.
NAMI, KIND to ask medical boards to reassess MH questions
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: October 2020

State licensing boards around the country continue to ask overly intrusive questions regarding the psychiatric history of physician applicants, serving to not only perpetuate the stigmatization of mental illness among the profession but also to discourage physician applicants from seeking critical mental health services, according to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) and KIND Healthy Snacks.
2020 presidential election more stressful than 2016 race
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: October 2020

Ahead of the most divisive election in decades, more than two‐thirds of U.S. adults (68%) say that the 2020 U.S. presidential election is a significant source of stress in their life, a large increase from the 2016 presidential election, when 52% said the same, according to a new survey conducted by The Harris Poll on behalf of the American Psychological Association (APA). The survey also found that regardless of political affiliation, majorities say that the election is a significant source of stress (76% of Democrats, 67% of Republicans and 64% of independents).
Challenges, mitigation strategies and perspectives in development of Li metal anode
Authors: Wang Zaisheng , Yu Jiawen , Rao Mumin , Jin Xiaojin , Huld Frederik , Xu Zhenming , Li Yong , Lou Fengliu , Ye Daiqi , Qiu Yongcai
Published: October 2020

Lithium (Li) metal anode has been considered as the most promising anode for rechargeable batteries with high energy density owing to its extraordinarily high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh g−1) and the lowest negative electrochemical potential (–3.040 V vs. the standard hydrogen electrode). However, the practical applications of the Li metal anode are hampered by several obstacles, such as irrepressible dendritic Li growth and limited Coulombic efficiency (CE) during Li plating/stripping. To improve the application scope of Li metal batteries, it is imperative to develop advanced strategies to figure out these issues. In this Review, we first clarify the fundamental factors that affect the dendrite growth and CE of the Li metal anode. Subsequently, based on the previous theoretical understanding and analysis, recently proposed strategies to suppress dendrite growth and accommodating volume change have been reviewed. In addition, advanced characterization techniques for Li metal anode are included. Finally, a general conclusion and a perspective for the coming development of Li metal anode in practical applications are provided.
Clinical Manifestations of Copper Deficiency: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Moon Nabeel , Aryan Mahmoud , Westerveld Donevan , Nathoo Sunina , Glover Sarah , Kamel Amir Y.
Published: October 2020

Background

Copper is a mineral that is absorbed in the stomach, duodenum, and jejunum. Gastric bypass surgery, gastrectomy, and short‐bowel syndrome commonly lead to copper malabsorption. Copper deficiency primarily presents with hematological and neurological sequelae, including macrocytic anemia and myelopathy. Although hematological disturbances often correct with copper supplementation, neurological manifestations of copper deficiency may be irreversible. We present the case of copper deficiency secondary to malabsorption and management strategies to prevent irreversible neurological sequelae.

Presentation

A 48‐year‐old female with a history of hypothyroidism, ischemic stroke, and Crohn's disease, complicated by subtotal colectomy and small‐bowel resections, was admitted for fatigue and progressive neurological deficiencies. Her vital signs were stable, and physical examination was remarkable for weakness of both upper and lower extremities, ataxia, and upper extremities paresthesia. Computed tomography scan of the head without contrast was unremarkable. Magnetic resonance imaging enterography revealed a focal area of narrowing of the remaining small bowel. Copper level was low at 39 µg/dL. After 5 days of intravenous replacement using trace element within parenteral nutrition, her copper level corrected to 81 µg/dL. Her ataxia improved after intravenous copper supplementation and did not recur.

Conclusions

Our patient presented with copper deficiency secondary to malabsoprtion. This case highlights the importance of copper testing in the bariatric surgery population and in patients with short‐bowel syndrome. Given the irreversible nature of neurological symptoms when compared with the expense of nutrition supplements, routine copper testing should be considered in patients with malabsorptive states or altered anatomy, regardless of initial presentation.
A greedy algorithm for computing eigenvalues of a symmetric matrix with localized eigenvectors
Authors: Hernandez Taylor M. , Van Beeumen Roel , Caprio Mark A. , Yang Chao
Published: October 2020

We present a greedy algorithm for computing selected eigenpairs of a large sparse matrix H that can exploit localization features of the eigenvector. When the eigenvector to be computed is localized, meaning only a small number of its components have large magnitudes, the proposed algorithm identifies the location of these components in a greedy manner, and obtains approximations to the desired eigenpairs of H by computing eigenpairs of a submatrix extracted from the corresponding rows and columns of H. Even when the eigenvector is not completely localized, the approximate eigenvectors obtained by the greedy algorithm can be used as good starting guesses to accelerate the convergence of an iterative eigensolver applied to H. We discuss a few possibilities for selecting important rows and columns of H and techniques for constructing good initial guesses for an iterative eigensolver using the approximate eigenvectors returned from the greedy algorithm. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach with examples from nuclear quantum many‐body calculations, many‐body localization studies of quantum spin chains and road network analysis.
Nurses’ perceptions of caring activities in nursing
Authors: Akansel Neriman , Watson Roger , Vatansever Nursel , Özdemir Aysel
Published: October 2020

Aim

This study aimed to determine nurses’ perceptions of caring activities in nursing.

Design

A descriptive study design.

Methods

A Turkish translation of the 25‐item version of the Caring Dimensions Inventory was completed by 260 nurses working in one university hospital. Data were analysed using Mokken scaling.

Results

Technical aspects of nursing were highly endorsed items such as “observing the effects of a medication on a patient, measuring vital signs, being technically competent with a clinical procedure, consulting with the doctor” except for the item “providing privacy for a patient” which is a psychosocial item. The range of items included in the Mokken scale with “providing privacy for a patient” (mean = 4.31) as the most endorsed, and “exploring the patient's lifestyle” (mean = 2.60) being the least endorsed item. Listening to patients and involving them in their care are not considered as caring.
High‐dose antipsychotic drug use as a predictor for readmission of inpatients with borderline personality disorder: A retrospective chart review in a Japanese psychiatric hospital
Authors: Yamada Yuji , Yokoi Yuma , Narita Zui , Hirabayashi Naotsugu
Published: October 2020

Objective

This study aimed to determine predictors associated with readmission of inpatients with borderline personality disorder.

Methods

This observational study evaluated 83 inpatients with borderline personality disorder admitted to the National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital in Japan from January 2013 to January 2016. Data were retrospectively obtained from electronic medical records.

Results

There was no significant difference in the daily antipsychotic dose equivalent to chlorpromazine at admission between the readmitted and nonreadmitted groups, which indicated that there was no between‐group difference in the psychiatric disease severity at admission. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the use of antipsychotics equivalent to >400 mg of chlorpromazine at discharge was associated with readmission within 1 year.

Conclusions

In conclusion, high‐dose antipsychotic drug use at discharge may be a risk factor for readmission. The present findings may have important clinical implications since they alert physicians to a possible predictor for readmissions of patients with borderline personality disorder.
Use of the Illumina EPIC methylation array for epigenomic research in the crab‐eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Nakachi Yutaka , Ishii Kazuhiro , Bundo Miki , Masuda Tomoyuki , Iwamoto Kazuya
Published: October 2020

Background

Commercially available Illumina DNA methylation arrays (HumanMethylation 27K, HumanMethylation450, and MethylationEPIC BeadChip) can be used for comprehensive DNA methylation analyses of not only the human genome but also other mammalian genomes, ranging from those of nonhuman primates to those of rodents. However, practical application of the EPIC array to the crab‐eating macaque has not been reported.

Methods

Through bioinformatic analyses involving cross‐species comparison and consideration of probe performance, we selected array probes that can be reliably used for the crab‐eating macaque genome. A DNA methylation assay using an EPIC array was performed on genomic DNA extracted from the brains of five crab‐eating macaques. The obtained DNA methylation data were compared with a publicly available dataset.

Results

Among the 865 918 probes in the EPIC array, a total of 183 509 probes (21.2%) were selected as high‐confidence array probes in the crab‐eating macaque. Subsequent comparisons revealed that the data from these probes showed good concordance with other DNA methylation datasets of the crab‐eating macaque.

Conclusion

The selected high‐confidence array probes would be useful for high‐throughput DNA methylation assays of the crab‐eating macaque.
Cattle husbandry and aurochs hunting in the Neolithic of northern Central Europe and southern Scandinavia. A statistical approach to distinguish between domestic and wild forms
Authors: Schmölcke Ulrich , Groß Daniel
Published: October 2020

It is a well‐known and geographically widespread problem in archaeozoology that the discrimination between remains of domesticated animals and their wild ancestors is not always possible. Due to an overlap in size as well as other features, substantial parts of bone and teeth assemblages sometimes cannot be assigned either to the wild or the domestic form. In this paper, we apply the logarithmic size index (LSI) method as a tool for discrimination between aurochs (Bos primigenius) and domestic cattle (Bos primigeniusf. taurus). By comparing LSI data from definite aurochs with data from Neolithic bovids within a limited geographical area, we show that the overlap of both groups is larger than previously thought.

Our analysis also shows that the LSI width values are suited for both differentiating domesticated versus wild animals and sexes within the single groups. For future studies but also for correcting known results, we present division lines between LSI values of aurochs and cattle. The analysed data indicate that female and male aurochs had comparable heights, whereas the latter had a generally more sturdy physique in southern Scandinavia. We consequently expect that the investigated Middle Neolithic assemblages contain a significantly higher number of aurochs bones than previously assumed.