bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Memlükler Döneminde Muhtasar Siyer Yazıcılığı: İbn Kesîr’in el-Fusûl fî Sîreti’r-Resûl Örneği
Authors: Yalçın Mehmet Fatih
Published: March 2021

Memlükler döneminde (648-923/1250-1517) İslamî ilimlerin muhtelif dallarındaki yoğun yazın faaliyeti, tarih ve siyer yazıcılığında da kendini göstermektedir. Bu eserlerin bazısı, siyerin her konusunu ele almış, bir kısmı oldukça hacimli eserler ortaya koymuş, kimi de bir kitabın bölümü olarak yahut şemâil, delâil ve hasâis türüne dair müstakil eserler kaleme almıştır. Yine bu dönemin siyer yazıcılığında dikkat çeken bir özelliği de yoğun şerh faaliyetinin sürdürülmüş olmasıdır. Ayrıca siyer telif geleneğinin önemli bir yazım türü muhtasarlardır. Bu çalışmada, Memlükler döneminde yazılan muhtasar siyer eserlerine dikkat çekmek amacıyla, dönemin önemli tarihçilerinden İbn Kesîr’in el-Fuṣûl fî sîreti’r-Resûl adlı muhtasar siyeri ele alınmıştır. Kronolojik siyer anlatımının yanı sıra hasâis, şemâil ve kısa da olsa delâil konularını da içeren bu muhtasar siyer kitabı, ilim adamlarının yanı sıra halkın da anlayacağı dilde sade bir üslupla kaleme alınmıştır. Daha çok hadis kaynaklarına dayanılarak kaleme alınmış olan bu eserde, farklı ilim dallarına ait pek çok eserden de istifade edilmiştir. Muhtasar olmasına rağmen siyerin pek çok konusunu ele alan bu eser, konumu, kaynakları, muhtevası ve usulü şeklinde dört başlık altında incelenmiştir.
PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KERJA DAN KEPEMIMPINAN TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA DINAS PERDAGANGAN DAN PERINDUSTRIAN KABUPATEN MUSI BANYUASIN
Authors: Marsih Yeni
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAK

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui untuk mengetahui pengaruh lingkungan kerja dan kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Dinas Perdagangan Dan Perindustrian Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuesioner, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, regresi linier berganda, koefisien determinan dan uji hipotesis (uji t) dan uji F.

Hasil pengujian hipotesis ujit t (H1) telah membuktikan terdapat pengaruh antara kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja pegawai. Melalui hasil perhitungan yang telah dilakukan diperoleh nilai t hitung sebesar 2,379. Hasil pengujian hipotesis (uji t) Lingkungan Kerja menunjukkan nilai t hitung > t tabel (2,379 > 1,989), maka Ho ditolak, artinya secara parsial ada pengaruh signifikan antara Lingkungan Kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai. Jadi dari kasus ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara parsial Lingkungan Kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Dinas Perdagangan dan Perindustrian Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin dan Hasil pengujian hipotesis (H2) telah membuktikan terdapat pengaruh antara kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja pegawai. Melalui hasil perhitungan yang telah dilakukan didapat nilai t hitung sebesar 2,388. Hasil nilai t hitung > t tabel (2,388 > 1,989), maka H0 ditolak, artinya secara parsial ada pengaruh signifikan antara kepemimpinan dan kinerja pegawai. Jadi dari kasus ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara parsial kepemimpinan ada pengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Dinas Perdagangan dan Perindustrian Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dari pengujian pengaruh variabel bebas secara simultan terhadap variabel terikatnya dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji F. Hasil perhitungan statistik menunjukkan nilai Fhitung = 6,036, maka diperoleh nilai Fhitung 6,036 > dari  Ftabel 3,11. Maka Ho ditolak dan menerima Ha. Hal ini berarti bahwa hipotesis yang menyatakan bahwa secara simultan variable ada pengaruh lingkungan kerja dan kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Dinas Perdagangan Dan Perindustrian Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin.

Kata Kunci : Lingkungan Kerja, Kepemimpinan, Kinerja Pegawai
On the Role of Aerosol Radiative Effect in the Wet Season Onset Timing over the Congo Rainforest during Boreal Autumn
Authors: Chakraborty Sudip , Jiang Jonathon H. , Su Hui , Fu Rong
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The boreal summer dry season length is reported to have been increasing in the last three decades over the Congo rainforest, which is the second-largest rainforest in the world. In some years, the wet season in boreal autumn starts early while in others it arrives late. The mechanism behind such a change in wet season onset date has not been investigated yet. Using multi-satellite datasets, we discover that the variation of aerosols in dry season plays a major role in determining the subsequent wet season onset. Dry season aerosol optical depth (AOD) influences the strength of the southern African easterly jet (AEJ-S) and thus the onset of the wet season. Higher AOD associated with a higher dust mass flux reduces the net downward shortwave radiation and decreases the surface temperature over the Congo rainforest region, leading to a stronger meridional temperature gradient between the rainforest and the Kalahari Desert as early as in June. The latter, in turn, strengthens the AEJ-S, sets in an early and a stronger easterly flow, leads to a stronger equatorward convergence and an early onset of the wet season in late August to early September. The mean AOD in the dry season over the region is strongly correlated (r =0.7) with the timing of the subsequent wet season onset. Conversely, in low AOD years, the onset of the wet season over the Congo basin is delayed to mid-October.
Study of Different Carbon Bond 6 (CB6) Mechanisms by Using a
Concentration Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Cao Le , Li Simeng , Sun Luhang
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Since the year 2010, different versions of the Carbon Bond 6 (CB6) mechanism have been developed, to accurately estimate the contribution to the air pollution by the chemistry. However, the discrepancies in simulation results brought about by the modifications between different versions of the CB6 mechanism are still not fully understood. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the behavior of three different CB6 mechanisms (CB6r1, CB6r2 and CB6r3) in simulating ozone (O3), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and formaldehyde (HCHO) under an urban condition, by applying a concentration sensitivity analysis in a box model. The results show that when the surface emission is excluded, the O3 level predicted by CB6r1 is approximately 6 % and 8 % higher than that predicted by CB6r2 and CB6r3, specifically due to the change in the sink of CXO3 in the mechanism. In contrast, the levels of NOx and HCHO estimated by these three CB6 mechanisms are mostly similar, when the surface emission is turned off. After adding the surface emission, the simulated profiles of O3, NOx and HCHO obtained by CB6r2 and CB6r3 are similar. However, the deviation between the O3 levels provided by CB6r1 and the other two CB6 mechanisms (i.e. CB6r2 and CB6r3) is enlarged, because of the weakening of the ozone dependence on the emission of isoprene in CB6r1. Moreover, HCHO predicted by CB6r1 is found larger than that predicted by CB6r2 and CB6r3, which is caused by an enhanced dependence of HCHO on the emission of isoprene in CB6r1. Regarding to NOx, it was found that CB6r1 gives a higher value during the daytime and a lower value during the nighttime than the other two mechanisms, which is caused by the relatively stronger connection between the NOx prediction and the local chemistry in CB6r1, so that more NOx is consumed and converted to PANX (peroxyacyl nitrate with three and higher carbons) in the nighttime and more NOx is reformed by the photolysis of PANX in the daytime.
Measurement report: Long-range transport patterns into the tropical northwest Pacific during the CAMP2Ex aircraft campaign: chemical composition, size distributions, and the impact of convection
Authors: Hilario Miguel Ricardo A. , Crosbie Ewan , Shook Michael , Reid Jeffrey S. , Cambaliza Maria Obiminda L. , Simpas James Bernard B. , Ziemba Luke , DiGangi Joshua P. , Diskin Glenn S. , Nguyen Phu , Turk F. Joseph , Winstead Edward , Robinson Claire E. , Wang Jian , Zhang Jiaoshi , Wang Yang , Yoon Subin , Flynn James , Alvarez Sergio L. , Behrangi Ali , Sorooshian Armin
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The tropical Northwest Pacific (TNWP) is a receptor for pollution sources throughout Asia and is highly susceptible to climate change, making it imperative to understand long-range transport in this complex aerosol-meteorological environment. Measurements from the NASA Cloud, Aerosol, and Monsoon Processes Philippines Experiment (CAMP2Ex; 24 August to 5 October 2019) and back trajectories from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model (HYSPLIT) were used to examine transport into the TNWP from the Maritime Continent (MC), peninsular Southeast Asia (PSEA), East Asia (EA), and the West Pacific (WP). A mid-campaign monsoon shift on 20 September 2019 led to distinct transport patterns between the southwest monsoon (SWM; before 20 September) and monsoon transition (MT; after 20 September). During the SWM, long-range transport was a function of southwesterly winds and cyclones over the South China Sea. Low- (high-) altitude air generally came from MC (PSEA), implying distinct aerosol processing related to convection and perhaps wind shear. The MT saw transport from EA and WP, driven by Pacific northeasterly winds, continental anticyclones, and cyclones over the East China Sea. Composition of transported air differed by emission source and accumulated precipitation along trajectories (APT). MC air was characterized by biomass burning tracers while major components of EA air pointed to Asian outflow and secondary formation. Convective scavenging of PSEA air was evidenced by considerable vertical differences between aerosol species but not trace gases, as well as notably higher APT and smaller particles than other regions. Finally, we observed a possible wet scavenging mechanism acting on MC air aloft that was not strictly linked to precipitation. These results are important for understanding the transport and processing of air masses with further implications for modeling aerosol lifecycles and guiding international policymaking to public health and climate, particularly during the SWM and MT.
Statistical aerosol properties associated with fire events from 2002 to 2019 and a case analysis in 2019 over Australia
Authors: Yang Xingchuan , Zhao Chuanfeng , Yang Yikun , Yan Xing , Fan Hao
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Wildfires are an important contributor to atmospheric aerosols in
Australia and could significantly affect the regional and even global climate.
This study investigates the impact of fire events on aerosol properties
along with the long-range transport of biomass-burning aerosol over
Australia using multi-year measurements from Aerosol Robotic Network
(AERONET) at 10 sites over Australia, a satellite dataset derived from the
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Cloud-Aerosol
Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), reanalysis data from Modern-Era
Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2),
and back-trajectories from the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated
Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. The fire count, fire radiative power (FRP), and aerosol optical
depth (AOD) showed distinct and
consistent interannual variations, with high values during September–February
(biomass-burning period, BB period) and low values during March–August
(non-biomass-burning period, non-BB period) every year. Strong correlation
(0.62) was found between FRP and AOD over Australia. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between
AOD and fire count was much higher (0.63–0.85) during October–January than
other months (−0.08 to 0.47). Characteristics of Australian aerosols showed
pronounced differences between the BB period and non-BB period. AOD values
significantly increased and fine-mode aerosol dominated during the BB period,
especially in northern and southeastern Australia. Carbonaceous aerosol was
the main contributor to total aerosols during the BB period, especially in
September–December when carbonaceous aerosol contributed the most
(30.08 %–42.91 %). Aerosol size distributions showed a bimodal character,
with both fine and coarse aerosol particles generally increasing during the BB
period. The megafires during the BB period of 2019/2020 further
demonstrated the significant impact of wildfires on aerosol properties, such
as the extreme increase in AOD for most of southeastern Australia, the
dominance of fine particle aerosols, and the significant increase in
carbonaceous and dust aerosols in southeastern and central Australia,
respectively. Moreover, smoke was found to be the dominant aerosol type
detected at heights from 2.5 to 12 km in southeastern Australia in December 2019 and
at heights from roughly 6.2 to 12 km in January 2020. In contrast, dust was
detected more frequently at heights from 2 to 5 km in November 2019 and
January and February 2020. A case study emphasized that the transport of
biomass-burning aerosols from wildfire plumes in eastern and southern
Australia significantly impacted the aerosol loading, aerosol particle size,
and aerosol type of central Australia.
Continuous secondary-ice production initiated by updrafts through the melting layer in mountainous regions
Authors: Lauber Annika , Henneberger Jan , Mignani Claudia , Ramelli Fabiola , Pasquier Julie T. , Wieder Jörg , Hervo Maxime , Lohmann Ulrike
Published: March 2021

Abstract. An accurate prediction of the ice crystal number concentration in clouds is important to determine the radiation budget, the lifetime, and the precipitation formation of clouds. Secondary-ice production is thought to be responsible for the observed discrepancies between the ice crystal number concentration and the ice-nucleating particle concentration in clouds. The Hallett–Mossop process is active between −3 and −8 ∘C and has been implemented into several models, while all other secondary-ice processes are poorly constrained and lack a well-founded quantification. During 2 h of measurements taken on a mountain slope just above the melting layer at temperatures warmer than −3 ∘C, a continuously high concentration of small plates identified as secondary ice was observed. The presence of drizzle drops suggests droplet fragmentation upon freezing as the responsible secondary-ice mechanism. The constant supply of drizzle drops can be explained by a recirculation theory, suggesting that melted snowflakes, which sedimented through the melting layer, were reintroduced into the cloud as drizzle drops by orographically forced updrafts. Here we introduce a parametrization of droplet fragmentation at slightly sub-zero temperatures, where primary-ice nucleation is basically absent, and the first ice is initiated by the collision of drizzle drops with aged ice crystals sedimenting from higher altitudes. Based on previous measurements, we estimate that a droplet of 200 µm in diameter produces 18 secondary-ice crystals when it fragments upon freezing. The application of the parametrization to our measurements suggests that the actual number of splinters produced by a fragmenting droplet may be up to an order of magnitude higher.
Representing methane emissions from wet tropical forest soils using microbial functional groups constrained by soil diffusivity
Authors: Sihi Debjani , Xu Xiaofeng , Salazar Ortiz Mónica , O'Connell Christine S. , Silver Whendee L. , López-Lloreda Carla , Brenner Julia M. , Quinn Ryan K. , Phillips Jana R. , Newman Brent D. , Mayes Melanie A.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Tropical ecosystems contribute significantly to global emissions
of methane (CH4), and landscape topography influences the rate of
CH4 emissions from wet tropical forest soils. However, extreme events
such as drought can alter normal topographic patterns of emissions. Here we
explain the dynamics of CH4 emissions during normal and drought
conditions across a catena in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico.
Valley soils served as the major source of CH4 emissions in a normal
precipitation year (2016), but drought recovery in 2015 resulted in dramatic
pulses in CH4 emissions from all topographic positions. Geochemical
parameters including (i) dissolved organic carbon (C), acetate, and soil pH and (ii) hydrological parameters like soil moisture and oxygen (O2)
concentrations varied across the catena. During the drought, soil moisture
decreased in the slope and ridge, and O2 concentrations increased in the
valley. We simulated the dynamics of CH4 emissions with the
Microbial Model for Methane Dynamics-Dual Arrhenius and Michaelis–Menten (M3D-DAMM), which couples a microbial
functional group CH4 model with a diffusivity module for solute and gas
transport within soil microsites. Contrasting patterns of soil moisture,
O2, acetate, and associated changes in soil pH with topography
regulated simulated CH4 emissions, but emissions were also altered by
rate-limited diffusion in soil microsites. Changes in simulated available
substrate for CH4 production (acetate, CO2, and H2) and
oxidation (O2 and CH4) increased the predicted biomass of
methanotrophs during the drought event and methanogens during drought
recovery, which in turn affected net emissions of CH4. A variance-based
sensitivity analysis suggested that parameters related to aceticlastic
methanogenesis and methanotrophy were most critical to simulate net CH4
emissions. This study enhanced the predictive capability for CH4
emissions associated with complex topography and drought in wet tropical
forest soils.
An Integrated Marine Data Collection for the German Bight –
Part I: Subaqueous Geomorphology and Surface Sedimentology
Authors: Sievers Julian , Milbradt Peter , Ihde Romina , Valerius Jennifer , Hagen Robert , Plüß Andreas
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The German Bight located within the central North Sea is a hydro- and morphodynamically highly complex system of estuaries, barrier islands and part of the world’s largest coherent tidal flats, the Wadden Sea. To identify and understand challenges faced by coastal stakeholders, such as harbor operators or governmental agencies, to maintain waterways and employ numerical models for further analyses, it is imperative to have a consistent data base for both bathymetry and surface sedimentology. Current commercial and public data products are insufficient in spatial and temporal 15 resolution and coverage for recent analyses methods. Thus, this first part of a two-part publication series of the German joint project EasyGSH-DB describes annual bathymetric digital terrain models in a 10 m gridded resolution for the German North Sea coast and German Bight from 1996 to 2016 (Sievers et al., 2020a, https://doi.org/10.48437/02.2020.K2.7000.0001), as well as surface sedimentological models of discretized cumulative grain size distribution functions for 1996, 2006 and 2016 on 100 m grids (Sievers et al., 2020b, https://doi.org/10.48437/02.2020.K2.7000.0005). Furthermore, basic morphodynamic and sedimentological 20 processing analyses, such as the estimation of e.g. bathymetric stability or surface maps of sedimentological parameters, are provided (Sievers et al., 2020a, 2020b, see respective download links).
Global Covenant of Mayors, a dataset of GHG emissions for 6,200 cities in Europe and the Southern Mediterranean
Authors: Kona Albana , Bertoldi Paolo , Monforti-Ferrario Fabio , Baldi Marta Giulia , Lo Vullo Eleonora , Kakoulaki Georgia , Vetters Nadja , Thiel Christian , Melica Giulia , Sgobbi Alessandra , Ahlgren Christofer , Posnic Brieuc
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The Paris Agreement has underlined the role of cities in combating climate change. The Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy (GCoM) is the largest dedicated international initiative to promote climate action at city level, covering globally over 10,000 cities and almost half the population of the European Union (EU) by end of March 2020. The latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report denotes that there is a lack of comprehensive, consistent datasets of cities' Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions inventories. To address part of this gap, we present here a harmonised, complete and verified dataset of GHG inventories for 6,200 cities in European and Southern Mediterranean countries, signatories of the GCoM initiative. To complement the emission data reported, a set of ancillary data that have a direct or indirect potential impact on cities' climate action plans were collected from other databases, supporting further research on local climate action and monitoring the EU's progress on Sustainable Development Goal 13 on Climate Action. The dataset is archived and publicly available with the DOI number https://doi.org/10.2905/57A615EB-CFBC-435A-A8C5-553BD40F76C9.
An urban large-eddy-simulation-based dispersion model for marginal grid resolutions: CAIRDIO v1.0
Authors: Weger Michael , Knoth Oswald , Heinold Bernd
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The ability to achieve high spatial resolutions is an important feature for numerical models to accurately represent the large spatial variability of urban air pollution. On the one hand, the well-established mesoscale chemistry transport models have their obvious shortcomings due to the extensive use of physical parameterizations. On the other hand, obstacle-resolving computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models, although accurate, are still often too computationally intensive to be applied regularly for entire cities. The major reason for the inflated computational costs is the required horizontal resolution to meaningfully apply obstacle discretization, which is mostly based on boundary-fitted grids, e.g., the marker-and-cell method.
In this paper, we present the new City-scale AIR dispersion model with DIffuse Obstacles (CAIRDIO v1.0), in which the diffuse interface method, simplified for non-moving obstacles, is incorporated into the governing equations for incompressible large-eddy simulations. While the diffuse interface method is widely used in two-phase modeling, this method has not been used in urban boundary-layer modeling so far. It allows us to consistently represent buildings over a wide range of spatial resolutions, including grid spacings equal to or larger than typical building sizes. This way, the gray zone between obstacle-resolving microscale simulations and mesoscale simulations can be addressed. Orographic effects can be included by using terrain-following coordinates. The dynamic core is compared against a standard quality-assured wind-tunnel dataset for dispersion-model evaluation. It is shown that the model successfully reproduces dispersion patterns within a complex city morphology across a wide range of spatial resolutions tested. As a result of the diffuse obstacle approach, the accuracy test is also passed at a horizontal grid spacing of 40 m. Although individual flow features within individual street canyons are not resolved at the coarse-grid spacing, the building effect on the dispersion of the air pollution plume is preserved at a larger scale. Therefore, a very promising application of the CAIRDIO model lies in the realization of computationally feasible yet accurate air-quality simulations for entire cities.
Convolutional conditional neural processes for local climate
downscaling
Authors: Vaughan Anna , Tebbutt Will , Hosking J. Scott , Turner Richard E.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. A new model is presented for multisite statistical downscaling of temperature and precipitation using convolutional conditional neural processes (convCNPs). ConvCNPs are a recently developed class of models that allow deep learning techniques to be applied to off-the-grid spatio-temporal data. This model has a substantial advantage over existing downscaling methods in that the trained model can be used to generate multisite predictions at an arbitrary set of locations, regardless of the availability of training data. The convCNP model is shown to outperform an ensemble of existing downscaling techniques over Europe for both temperature and precipitation taken from the VALUE intercomparison project. The model also outperforms an approach that uses Gaussian processes to interpolate single-site downscaling models at unseen locations. Importantly, substantial improvement is seen in the representation of extreme precipitation events. These results indicate that the convCNP is a robust downscaling model suitable for generating localised projections for use in climate impact studies, and motivates further research into applications of deep learning techniques in statistical downscaling.
Effect of Horizontal Resolution on the Simulation of Tropical
Cyclones in the Chinese Academy of Sciences FGOALS-f3 Climate
System Model
Authors: Li Jinxiao , Bao Qing , Liu Yimin , Wang Lei , Yang Jing , Wu Guoxiong , Wu Xiaofei , He Bian , Wang Xiaocong , Zhang Xiaoqi , Yang Yaoxian , Shen Zili
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The effects of horizontal resolution on the simulation of tropical cyclones were studied using the Chinese Academy of Sciences FGOALS-f3 climate system model from the High-Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP) for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Both the low-resolution (approximately 100 km resolution) FGOALS-f3 model (FGOALS-f3-L) and the high-resolution (approximately 25 km resolution) FGOALS-f3 (FGOALS-f3-H) model were used to achieve the standard Tier1 experiment required by the HighResMIP. FGOALS-f3-L and FGOALS-f3-H have the same model parameterizations with exactly the same parameters. The only differences between the two models are the horizontal resolution and the time step. The performance of FGOALS-f3-H and FGOALS-f3-L in simulating tropical cyclones was evaluated with the observation firstly. FGOALS-f3-H (25 km resolution) simulated more realistic distributions of the formation, movement and intensity of the climatology of tropical cyclones than FGOALS-f3-L at 100 km resolution. The seasonal cycles of the number of tropical cyclones increased by about 50 % at the higher resolution and better matched the observed values in the peak month, especially in the eastern Pacific, northern Atlantic, southern Indian and southern Pacific oceans. The simulated variabilities of the number of tropical cyclones and the accumulated cyclone energy were both significantly improved from FGOALS-f3-L to FGOALS-f3-H over most of the ocean basins on the interannual timescale. The characteristics of the tropical cyclones (e.g., the average lifetime, the wind–pressure relationship and the horizontal structure) were more realistic in the simulation using the high-resolution model. The possible physical linkage between the performance of the tropical cyclone simulation and the horizontal resolution were revealed by further analyses. The improvement in the Madden–Julian oscillation from FGOALS-f3-H contributed to the realistic simulation of tropical cyclones. The genesis potential index and the vorticity, relative humidity, maximum potential intensity and the wind shear terms were used to diagnose the effects of the resolution. The current insufficiencies and future directions of improvement for the simulation of tropical cyclones and the potential applications of the FGOALS-f3-H model in the sub-seasonal to seasonal prediction of tropical cyclones are discussed.
Multi-level storylines for participatory modeling – involving marginalized communities in Tz'olöj Ya', Mayan Guatemala
Authors: Bou Nassar Jessica A. , Malard Julien J. , Adamowski Jan F. , Ramírez Ramírez Marco , Medema Wietske , Tuy Héctor
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Unconventional sources of data that enhance our understanding of internal interactions between socio-economic and hydrological processes are central to modeling human–water systems. Participatory modeling (PM) departs from conventional modeling tools by informing and conceptualizing human–water systems through stakeholder engagement. However, the implementation of many PM processes remains biased, particularly in regions where marginalized communities are present. Many PM processes are not cognizant of differentiation and diversity within a society and tend to treat communities as homogeneous units with similar capabilities, needs, and interests. This undifferentiation leads to the exclusion of key actors, many of whom are associated with marginalized communities. In this study, a
participatory model-building framework (PMBF), aiming to ensure the
inclusiveness of marginalized stakeholders – who (1) have low literacy, (2) are comparatively powerless, and/or (3) are associated with a marginalized language – in participatory modeling, is proposed. The adopted approach employs interdisciplinary storylines to inform and conceptualize human–water systems. The suggested method is underpinned by the multi-level perspective (MLP) framework, which was developed by Geels et al. (2002) to conceptualize socio-technical transitions and modified in this study to accommodate the development of interdisciplinary storylines. A case study was conducted in Atitlán Basin, Guatemala, to understand the relationships that govern the lake's cultural eutrophication problem. This research integrated key stakeholders from the Indigenous Mayan community, associated with diverse literacy ranges, and emerging from three different marginalized linguistic backgrounds (Kaqchikel, Tz'utujil, and K'iche'), in the PM activity. The proposed approach facilitated the participation of marginalized stakeholders. Moreover, it (1) helped develop an understanding of mechanisms governing the eutrophication of the lake, (2) initiated a dialogue between Indigenous Peoples and non-Indigenous stakeholders, and (3) extracted potential solutions targeting the system's leverage points. The participatory model-building activity generated three submodules: (1) agriculture, (2) tourism, and (3) environmental awareness. Each submodule contained socioculturally specific mechanisms associated with nutrient discharge to Lake Atitlán. The delineation of such nuanced relationships helps develop well-targeted policies and best management practices (BMPs). Additionally, the suggested process helped decrease the impact of power imbalances in water resources management and empowered community-based decision-making.
An analytical solution for the exhumation of an orogenic wedge and a comparison with thermochronology data
Authors: Luijendijk Elco , Benard Leo , Louis Sarah , von Hagke Christoph , Kley Jonas
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Thermochronology data is key for quantifying the exhumation history and dynamics of mountain belts. Here we present a new analytical solution for the steady-state exhumation of an orogenic wedge that undergoes transport along a basal detachment, uniform internal deformation, basal and frontal accretion. The solution predicts an increase in exhumation towards the interior of the wedge, with the rate of increase dependent on the degree of internal deformation. Application of the solution to a cross section in the Himalayas shows that in spite of its simplicity the solution provides a good fit to thermochronology data, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.75. This implies that, although the solution does not capture the effects of individual faults and folds, at a large scale deformation can be described by uniform compression and transport. The results also imply that this part of the Himalayas may be in steady-state. The equations presented here can be used to quantify exhumation, deformation and shortening rates in mature orogens that are in steady-state.
Particulate macronutrient exports from tropical African montane catchments point to the impoverishment of agricultural soils
Authors: Stenfert Kroese Jaqueline , Quinton John N. , Jacobs Suzanne R. , Breuer Lutz , Rufino Mariana C.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Agricultural catchments in the tropics often generate high concentrations of suspended sediments following the conversion of natural ecosystems. The eroded fine particles are generally enriched with carbon (TC) and nutrients (TN and TP) originating from the topsoil of agricultural land. Sediment-associated TC, TN and TP are an important loss to the terrestrial ecosystem and tightly connected to an increase in riverine particulate TC and nutrient export. Soil nutrient depletion can limit crop growth and yields, whereas an excess of nutrients in streams can cause eutrophication in freshwater systems. Streams in East Africa, with widespread land conversion from forests to agriculture, are expected to receive high loads of sediment-associated TC, TN and TP. In this study, we assess the effect of land use on particulate TC, TN and TP concentrations. Suspended sediments (time-integrated, manual-event-based and automatic-event-based sediment samples) were analysed for TC, TN and TP concentrations collected at the outlet of a natural montane forest (35.9), a tea-tree plantation (33.3) and a smallholder agriculture (27.2 km2) catchment in western Kenya during a wet sampling period in 2018 and a drier sampling period in 2019. Particulate TC, TN and TP concentrations were up to 3-fold higher (p<0.05) in the natural forest catchment compared to fertilized agricultural catchments. However, because of higher sediment loads from the smallholder agriculture catchment, the total sediment-associated loads of TC, TN and TP were higher compared to the natural forest and tea-tree plantation catchment. The higher C:N ratios in the natural forest suggest that the particulate nutrients are of organic origin due to tighter nutrient cycles, whereas lower ratios in both agricultural catchments suggest a mixture of mineral and organic sediment sources. The findings of this study imply that with the loss of natural forest, the inherent soil fertility is progressively lost under the current low fertilization rates and soil management strategies.
Basal Water Storage Variations beneath Antarctic Ice Sheet
Authors: Kang Jingyu , Lu Yang , Li Yan , Zhang Zizhan , Shi Hongling
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Antarctic basal water storage variations (BWSV) contain basal water migrations and basal melting. Identifying these variations are critical to understand the behaviour of ice sheet, yet it is rarely accessible to direct observation. We presented a layered gravity density forward/inversion method for constructing Antarctic basal mass balance (BMB) estimates from multisource satellite observation data, and evaluated BWSV based on basal melting rate. As an example, spatial annual BWSV trend during 2003–2009 are estimated. Results reveal spatial variability of BWSV, with the rate of 46.3 Gt/y. Similar spatial distribution between basal water increases regions and locations of active subglacial lakes indicates that basal water storage in most active subglacial lakes are increasing. Comparison of spatial BWSV and ice surface velocity display a positive correlation between considerable basal water decreases and rapid ice flows, however, exceptions are when the massive rapid ice flows connected to huge ice shelves that hold up by surrounding terrains, that slows down the basal water discharge outward.
Validation of snow extent time series derived from AVHRR GAC
data at Himalaya-Hindukush
Authors: Wu Xiaodan , Naegeli Kathrin , Marin Carlo , Wunderle Stefan
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Long-term monitoring of snow cover is crucial for climate and hydrology studies. To meet the increasing demand for a long-term, consistent snow product, an exceptional snow cover climatology was generated dating back to the 1980s using AVHRR GAC data. However, the retrieval of snow extent is not straightforward due to artifacts introduced during data processing, which are partly caused by the coarse spatial resolution of AVHRR GAC data, but also heterogeneous land cover/topography. Therefore, the accuracy and consistency of this long-term AVHRR GAC snow cover climatology needs to be carefully evaluated prior to its application. Here, we extensively validate the AVHRR GAC snow cover extent dataset for the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region. The mountainous HKH region is of high importance for climate change, impact and adaptation studies. Additionally, the influences of snow depth, land cover type, elevation, slope, aspect, and topographical variability, as well as the sensor-to-sensor consistency have been explored using a snow dataset based on long-term in situ stations and high-resolution Landsat TM data. Moreover, the performance of the AVHRR GAC snow cover dataset was also compared to that of MODIS (MOD10A1 V006). Our analysis shows an overall accuracy of 94 % in comparison with in situ station data. Using a ±3 days temporal filter caused a slight decrease in accuracy (from 94 to 92 %), which is still comparable to MOD10A1 V006 (93.6 %). Validation against Landsat5 TM data over region of P140-R40/41 indicated overall RMSEs of about 13 % and 16 % and overall Biases of about −1 % and −2 % for the AVHRR GAC raw and gap-filled snow datasets, respectively. It can be concluded that the here validated AVHRR GAC snow cover climatology is a highly valuable and powerful dataset to assess environmental changes in the HKH due to its good quality, unique temporal coverage (1982–2018), and inter-sensor/satellite consistency.
Understanding jobs-housing imbalance in urban China: A case study of Shanghai
Authors: Xiao Weiye , Wei Dennis , Li Han
Published: March 2021

Shanghai has experienced a rapid process of urbanization and urban expansion, which increases travel costs and limits job accessibility for the economically disadvantaged population. This paper investigates the jobs-housing imbalance problem in Shanghai at the subdistrict-level (census-level) and reaches the following conclusions. First, the jobs-housing imbalance shows a ring pattern and is evident mainly in the suburban areas and periphery of the Shanghai metropolitan area because job opportunities are highly concentrated while residential areas are sprawling. Second, structural factors such as high housing prices and sprawling development significantly contribute to the jobs-housing imbalance. Third, regional planning policies such as development zones contribute to jobs-housing imbalance due to the specialized industrial structure and limited availability of housing. However, geographically weighted regression reveals the development zones in the traditional Pudong district are exceptional insofar as government policy has created spatial heterogeneity there. In addition, the multilevel model used in this study suggests regions with jobs-housing imbalance usually have well-connected streets, and this represents the local government’s efforts to reduce excessive commuting times created by jobs-housing imbalance.
Differences in ride-hailing adoption by older Californians among types of locations
Authors: Shirgaokar Manish , Misra Aditi , Weinstein Agrawal Asha , Wachs Martin , Dobbs Bonnie
Published: March 2021

Ride-hailing services such as Lyft and Uber can complement rides offered by family, friends, paid providers, and public transit. To learn why older adults might wish to use ride-hail, we conducted an online survey of 2,917 California respondents age 55 and older. Participants were asked whether they would value four features hypothesized to be benefits of ride-hailing. We specified binary logit models and used market segmentation to investigate whether there were location-based differences in the use of ride-hailing. Our analysis showed that women, city dwellers, persons with disabilities, and those who rely on others for rides were more open to ride-hailing. Women in suburbs or small town/rural settings were more likely to ride-hail than their male counterparts for reasons of independence, fear of being lost while driving, or getting help with carrying bags. Urban women, in contrast, were less likely than their male counterparts to ride-hail for these reasons. High-income individuals in suburbs or small town/rural locations were more likely to ride-hail than low-income respondents, while high-income urban residents were less likely to ride-hail. Adoption of ride-hailing services and the reasons for doing so showed strong variability by location even among respondents with similar socio-demographic attributes.
Traffic noise feedback in agent-based Integrated Land-Use/Transport Models
Authors: Kuehnel Nico , Ziemke Dominik , Moeckel Rolf
Published: March 2021

Road traffic is a common source of negative environmental externalities such as noise and air pollution. While existing transport models are capable of accurately representing environmental stressors of road traffic, this is less true for integrated land-use/transport models. So-called land-use-transport-environment models aim to integrate environmental impacts. However, the environmental implications are often analyzed as an output of the model only, even though research suggests that the environment itself can have an impact on land use. The few existing models that actually introduce a feedback between land-use and environment fall back on aggregated zonal values. This paper presents a proof of concept for an integrated, microscopic and agent-based approach for a feedback loop between transport-related noise emissions and land-use. The results show that the microscopic link between the submodels is operational and fine-grained analysis by different types of agents is possible. It is shown that high-income households react differently to noise exposure when compared low-income households. The presented approach opens new possibilities for analyzing and understanding noise abatement policies as well as issues of environmental equity. The methodology can be transferred to include air pollutant emissions in the future.
HUBUNGAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH (IMT) DAN KONSUMSI MAKANAN JUNK FOOD DENGAN USIA MENARCHE PADA SISWI SMP BINA CIPTA PALEMBANG TAHUN 2019
Authors: Admin  , Sri Emilda
Published: March 2021

Menstruasi adalah proses alamiah yang terjadi pada perempuan. Menstruasi merupakan perdarahan yang teratur dari uterus sebagai tanda bahwa organ kandungan telah berfungsi matang. Umumnya remaja yang mengalami menarche adalah pada usia 12 sampai dengan 16 tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Diketahui hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dan konsumsi makanan junk fooddengan usia menarche pada siswi SMP Bina Cipta Palembang tahun 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua siswi kelas VII dan VIII SMP Bina Cipta Palembang dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 58 responden. Hasil penelitian didapatkan ada hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dengan usia menarche pada siswi SMP Bina Cipta Palembang tahun 2018 dengan nilai p value 0,006 < α (0,05) dan OR = 6,563. Ada hubungan konsumsi makanan junk food dengan usia menarche pada siswi SMP Bina Cipta Palembang tahun 2018 dengan nilai p value 0,005 < α (0,05) dan OR = 6,545.  Kesimppulan ada hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dan konsumsi makanan junk food dengan usia menarche pada siswi SMP Bina Cipta Palembang tahun 2018. Saran penelitian Peneliti menyarankan agar pihak sekolah dapat memberikan lebih banyak informasi untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan siswi tentang Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dan konsumsi makanan junk food terhadap usia menarche serta memperbanyak melaksanakan kegiatan penyuluhan dengan mendatangkan nara sumber baik dokter maupun psikolog untuk berdiskusi tentang kesehatan reproduksi khususnya masalah menarche.
PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN TERHADAP PERILAKU GIZI MAHASISWA ILMU KEPERAWATAN STIK SITI KHADIJAH PALEMBANG
Authors: Admin  , Rahmalia Afriyani  , Dedi Pahrul
Published: March 2021

Masalah yang saat ini dihadapi oleh remaja Indonesia adalah masalah gizi mikronutrien, yakni sekitar 12% remaja laki-laki dan 23% remaja perempuan mengalami anemia, yang sebagian besar diakibatkan kekurangan zat besi (anemia defisiensi besi). Pendidikan kesehatan merupakan salah satu cara untuk merubah perilaku yang mengakibatan terjadinya masalah gizi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan terhadap perilaku gizi seimbang pada mahasiswa keperawatan STIK Siti Khadijah Palembang. Desain penelitian ini adalah quasy eksperiment dengan rancangan one group pre and post test design. Sampel penelitian ini adalah mahasiswi Prodi Ilmu Keperawatan STIK Siti Khadijah Palembang semester I, teknik pengambilan sampel dengan cara total sampling, instrumen dalam penelitian menggunakan kuisioner. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 23 sampai dengan 30 November tahun 2019 dengan jumlah respon den sebanyak 32 responden. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ada pengaruh Pendidikan kesehatan terhadap pengetahuan (p=0.000) dan sikap (p=0.000) gizi seimbang. Maka dari itu perlu ditingkatan penyuluhan dan pendidikan gizi seimbang (mulai dari pesan, fungsi serta prinsip) yang terjadwal dan berkesinambungan.
PEMBERIAN KARTU FLASH TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA ANAK TK AZHARIYAH 12 ULU PALEMBANG
Authors: Admin  , Asih Fatriansari
Published: March 2021

Kemampuan anak dalam membaca merupakan salah satu tugas utama dalam tahapan perkembangan anak, khususnya pada tahap perkembangan bahasa dan kognitifnya. Kemampuan membaca pada usia dini (5 – 6 tahun) yang dimaksud adalah kemampuan untuk mengenal huruf. Pendekatan dalam rangka menstimulasi percepatan perkembangan kemampuan membaca anak sangat diperlukan, dikarenakan jika anak mengalami kesulitan atau keterlambatan pada perkembangan ini akan berakibat pada kesulitannya dalam mempelajari pelajaran pada tahap usia berikutnya (usia sekolah). Salah satu stimulus yang dapat digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan kartu flash. Tujuan dalam penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui efektiftas pemberian kartu flash terhadap kemampuan membaca anak di TK Azhariyah 12 Ulu Palembang. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi analisis kuantitatif dengan pendekatan pre-eksperimental. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa TK Azhariyah 12 Ulu Palembang, dengan total sampling sebagai teknik yang diambil untuk penarikan sampelnya. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar observasi kemampuan membaca anak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan tanggal 4 – 9 November 2019, dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 30 responden. Uji statistik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji paired sampel T-test. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kartu flash efektif dalam peningkatan kemampuan membaca anak di TK Azhariyah 12 Ulu Palembang (p = 0.000). Kartu flash sebagai media pembelajaran alternatif dalam rangka menstimulasi kemampuan membaca anak pada tingkat Taman Kanak-kanak.
HUBUNGAN PARITAS DAN PENGGUNAAN KONTRASEPSI HORMONAL DENGAN USIA MENOPAUSE PADA WANITA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KENTEN PALEMBANG TAHUN 2019
Authors: Admin  , Italia  , Eka Trismiyana  , Arista Lestari
Published: March 2021

Menopause merupakan suatu bagian dari proses penuaan pada wanita, termasuk penuaan sistem reproduksi yang menyebabkan seorang wanita tidak lagi mendapat haid.Data dari Puskesmas Kenten Palembang pada tahun 2018 sebanyak 319 orang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan paritas dan penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal dengan usia menopause pada wanita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kenten Palembang tahun 2019. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 20 Oktober – 04 November 2019. Sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 30 orang. Hasil penelitian diketahui  distribusi frekuensi responden dengan usia menopause normal sebanyak  19 responden (63,3%), responden paritas multipara sebanyak 20 responden (66,7%), responden yang pernah menggunakan kontrasepsi hormonal sebanyak 25 responden (63,3%). Hasil analisis bivariat diketahui bahwa ada hubungan antara paritas (p value = 0,015 <α = 0,05) dan penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal   (p value = 0,047 <α = 0,05) dengan usia menopause di Puskesmas Kenten Palembang. Kesimpulan ada hubungan paritas dan penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal dengan usia menopause, penelitian ini bertolak belakang dengan teori yang mengatakan makin sering melahirkan maka makin lambat usia menopause dan wanita yang menggunakan kontrasepsi hormonal semakin lambat mengalami usia menopause. Diharapkan tenaga kesehatan agar lebih meningkatkan pelayanan, pemberian informasi melalui konseling atau penyuluhan kepada wanita yang akan mengalami menopause tentang tanda-tanda menopause, dampak baik secara psikilogis maupun fisik sehingga masyarakat menjadi lebih paham tentang menopause.