bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transparent porous medium for optical fluid flow measurement using refractive index matching
Authors: Imuetinyan Happiness , Fruton Paul , Giraudet Cedric , Croccolo Fabrizio
Published: September 2024

We present a method for obtaining a transparent porous medium for optical fluid flow measurement using refractive-index matching. We report on the design of three transparent porous media, one of which was used in a study about the dynamic spreading of convection. The method relies on shadowgraphy, a well-known imaging technique that enables index matching between a porous material and a saturating fluid. The method was tested using borosilicate glass beads as the porous material, while the refractive index of the fluid mixture was determined using a calibrated refractometer operating at multiple wavelengths. The best matching condition is obtained by merging two criteria: the maximum intensity ratio and the minimum standard deviation. The previous knowledge of the fluid refractive index additionally allows us to recover the refractive index of the solid phase, which is ∼1.471 at λ=670nm and T=293.15K. The paper discusses the importance of understanding the fluid flow through porous media and optical measurement techniques in studying these processes.
Modulation of super-diffraction-limited chain hotspots via standing wave interference of coaxial photonic nanojets
Authors: Xu Ji , Li Sheng , Pang Ting , Cheng Huichao , Yao Han , Zhang Baifu , Liu Ning
Published: September 2024

This work presents a novel method, to our best knowledge, for generating and modulating super-diffraction-limited chain hotspots through standing wave interference of coaxial photonic nanojets (PNJs). The proposed photonic nanojet-controlled optical chain (PNJ-chain) is formed by the constructive interference of a pair of rod-like PNJs (r-PNJs), generated by illuminating cylindrical particles with radially polarized light. The PNJ-chain exhibits uniformly distributed hotspots with comparable transverse and longitudinal dimensions, and the Gouy phase shift effectively confines the transverse size of the hotspots. By adjusting the phase difference and the distance between the two counter-propagating r-PNJs, convenient modulation of the number, position, and intensity distribution of the hotspots is achieved. The discrete dipole approximation method is employed to analyze and verify the superior optical force properties of the generated PNJ-chain. Furthermore, the feasibility and simplicity of generating the PNJ-chain using a single r-PNJ with the assistance of an interface reflection scheme are demonstrated. This research significantly expands the application potential of PNJs in the field of optical tweezers, with practical implications in microparticle trapping, microfluidics, and other related areas.
Design of a long-range hybrid plasmonic waveguide with graphene-based electrical tuning of propagation length
Authors: Ghosh Rajib Ratan , Thomas Arun , Dhawan Anuj
Published: September 2024

Design of a long-range hybrid plasmonic waveguide with graphene-based electrical tuning of propagation length Long-range hybrid plasmonic waveguides (HPWs) have attracted significant research attention as they help to achieve ultra-low nanoscale mode confinement with low propagation losses. Here, we present numerical studies of long-range HPWs consisting of a combination of plasmonic metal thin films and nanoscale structures of a high refractive index material (such as silicon) with a low refractive index material (such as silica) surrounding the nanoscale structures and the plasmonic metal thin film. The HPWs show hybrid mode characteristics due to the interaction between dielectric modes and SPP modes. Moreover, electrical tuning of optical losses is formed by introducing partially overlapping graphene monolayers between silicon nanowires and plasmonic metal film. The tunability in the HPW is implemented by using graphene as an electro-absorption material. The effective refractive index and the corresponding propagation length obtained for these plasmonic waveguides using an Eigenmode solver demonstrate the viability of these hybrid plasmonic waveguides in applications that demand a long propagation range with reasonable field confinement. Moreover, we study the effect of the variation of different waveguide parameters on the propagation length and mode area. There is a significant electrical tuning of propagation length in graphene-based HPWs by applying an external voltage at the telecom wavelength of 1550 nm, owing to the strong field confinements between metal and silicon nanowires. The waveguides we proposed can be fabricated with relative ease using standard processes, and protocols for the fabrication of these hybrid plasmonic waveguides are provided in this paper. The proposed hybridization in nanoscale waveguides can be used in nanolasing, nanofocusing, sensing, switching, and subwavelength optical guiding applications in future nanoscale photonic/plasmonic integrated circuits.
Assessing effects of agriculture and industry on CO2 emissions in Bangladesh
Authors: Amin Md. Mushaddiqul Islam , Rahman Md. Mahafuzur
Published: September 2024

Climate change is a critical global issue, driven primarily by the continuous rise in carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. Addressing this challenge requires innovative solutions and proactive measures to mitigate its impact. This study investigates the impact of Bangladesh’s industrialization, agriculture, and imports on CO2 emissions, exploring both linear and asymmetric relationships to inform sustainable development strategies. Advanced modeling techniques, namely autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) models are used to evaluate the impact of Bangladesh’s agricultural and industrial sectors on CO2 emissions. Time-series data ranging from 1990 to 2022 are analyzed to ensure data stationarity, employing the augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test. Subsequently, the existence of non-linear associations is validated using the Brock-Dechert-Scheinkman (BDS) test, with further confirmation through bounds testing to establish both symmetric and asymmetric long-run cointegrating relationships. Long and short-run coefficients are assessed using linear and asymmetry ARDL models, revealing that industrialization contributes to increased carbon emissions in Bangladesh. While the ARDL model reports that the effect of agriculturalization on CO2 emissions is insignificant in the long-run, the asymmetry ARDL model suggests a rapid reduction in carbon emissions due to agriculturalization, observed both in the long and short-run. Additionally, imports have considerable impact on carbon emissions. Diagnostic tests have confirmed the adequacy of the model, while stability tests have validated the estimated parameters’ stability. Finally, the direction of association between variables is determined by applying linear and nonlinear Granger causality tests. This study underscores the importance of promoting sustainable industrial practices, enhancing agricultural efficiency, and regulating imports as pivotal strategies for mitigating CO2 emissions and achieving enduring environmental sustainability in Bangladesh.
Women’s autonomy, neonatal, infant and under-five mortality in the Upper East Region of Ghana
Authors: Achana Fabian Sebastian , Tanle Augustine , Doku David Teye
Published: September 2024

Child mortality remains a major health challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa. Child survival is greatly influenced by household circumstances and mother’s healthcare choices. Notwithstanding tremendous investment in women empowerment in Ghana, there is limited empirical evidence on whether women’s autonomy translates into better child mortality outcomes. To examine the association between women’s autonomy and neonatal, infant and under-five mortality in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Data were obtained from a randomized cluster household survey among 15–49 years old women in seven districts in the Upper East Region. Data analysis was restricted to 3,243 women who reported ever having given birth. Based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA), we constructed an autonomy index categorized into least, moderate, and high autonomy based on responses to six questions regarding household decision-making. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess the association of women’s autonomy status and mortality outcomes. Attaining secondary education or higher was significantly associated with infant mortality (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.39, CI = 0.16, 0.94) and under-five mortality (aOR = 0.39, CI = 0.18–0.87). Also, maternal age was significantly associated with neonatal, infant, and under-five mortality, while living in rural setting was significantly associated with lower risk of neonatal (aOR = 0.38, CI = 0.19–0.75) and under-five (aOR = 0.63, CI = 0.48–0.83) mortality. However, we found that compared to women with least autonomy, infants of those with moderate autonomy (aOR = 1.76, CI 1.07–2.89) and high autonomy (aOR = 1.75; CI = 1.04–2.93) were significantly more likely to die. In this study setting, women’s autonomy was not predictive of child mortality. Interventions that aim to improve child mortality should pay attention to community and family level factors that promote increase utilization of essential early childhood interventions.
Biostimulators with marine algae extracts and their role in increasing tolerance to drought stress in highbush blueberry cultivation
Authors: Lenart Agnieszka , Wrona Dariusz , Krupa Tomasz
Published: September 2024

Drought is one of the most serious challenges facing agriculture and ecosystems around the world. With more frequent and more extreme weather events, the effects of drought are becoming more severe, leading to yield losses, soil depletion and environmental degradation. In this work, we present an analysis of the impact of a marine algae biostimulanat andits ability to offset the effects of drought stress in blueberry cultivation. The aim of the research was to evaluate various fertilisation programs in increasing plant resistance to abiotic stress such as drought. It was tested whether the algal biostimulator provides the same tolerance to drought stress in highbush blueberry plants as regular fertilisers without biostimulation. The research was conducted in 2022 in a greenhouse in controlled drought conditions. Three-year-old highbush blueberry bushes (12 pieces) were used in the experiment. Highbush blueberry bushes (Vaccinium corymbosum) ’Brigitta Blue’ varieties were planted in plastic pots with a capacity of 10 dm3 containing an acidic substrate and placed in a greenhouse. Controlled lighting conditions were maintained using sodium lamps and a temperature of 25°C/20°C day/night. The substrate in pots was maintained at 80% of field water capacity by manual watering and weekly supply of nutrient solution for 5 weeks until water deficit occurred. Half of the plants were sprayed weekly with biostimulant at a concentration of 1%, three times 1 week apart (1 application per week). The biostimulant was evenly applied to the entire plant. Seven days after the third application of the product, half of the unsprayed and sprayed plants were subjected to water deficit stress by holding thewatering until 40% of the field water capacity (FC) was reached. The experimental layout included four combinations: C—Control—no biostimulation, no water deficit; CS—Stress control—water deficit up to 40% FC, no biostimulation; B—Biostimulator—no water deficit, biostimulation; BS—Stress plus biostimulator—water deficit up to 40% FC, biostimulation. Fertilisers with seaweed extracts show the ability to reduce the adverse effects of stress, promoting plant resilience, including tolerance to drought stress. The following were evaluated in the experiment: catalase activity, peroxidase activity, free malondialdehyde content, photosynthetic activity and leaf mineral content. The biostimulant used in experiment increased the oxidative activity of the enzymes pe-roxidase and catalase under simulated drought stress conditions. The algal biostimulant increased the average value of catalase activity by 20% in comparison to the control plants, in both combinatinations. The tested biostimulator had no effect on the chlorophyll content in the leaves or the concentration of nutrients in the leaves. The effect of marine algae products on the yield quantity and high quality is related among other to bioactive substances which helps to prevent drought stress.
Assessment of blood pressure measurement technique amongst nurses working at a tertiary care cardiac center
Authors: Younis Muhammad , Bhatti Khalid Iqbal , Chachar Kalsoom , Nazir Paras , Rafique Javaria , Khalid Areesha , Karera Sanjana , Farooq Fawad , Hakeem Abdul , Saghir Tahir , Sial Jawaid Akbar
Published: September 2024

Background

Accurate measurement is indispensable for effectively managing hypertension (HTN); any error in technique or instrumentation can lead to misdiagnosis and improper management. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the knowledge and skills of blood pressure (BP) measurement among nurses at a tertiary care cardiac center in Karachi.

Materials and methods

Nursing staff responsible for BP assessment at various stations were identified, observed, and interviewed to evaluate their skill and knowledge levels regarding BP measurement techniques. Nurses’ skill levels were assessed using a checklist based on the American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for BP assessment.

Results

Seventy-five nurses participated in the study, with 49 (65.3%) being male and a mean age of 32.1 ± 6.2 years. Only 25 (33.3%) nurses reported reading the AHA guidelines for BP measurement. None of the nurses demonstrated excellent skills; 19 (25.3%) showed good skills, while 56 (74.7%) showed poor skills in BP measurement. A poor compliance was observed on a total of 14/31 steps with compliance rate of less than 50%. Similarly, none of the nurses exhibited excellent knowledge; only 3 (4%) had good knowledge, while 72 (96%) had poor knowledge about BP measurement. A poor knowledge was observed on a total of 18/36 items with correct response rate of less than 50%.

Conclusion

Nurses working at various stations of a tertiary cardiac center exhibited inadequate skills and knowledge regarding BP measurement. This underscores the necessity for comprehensive training and education to enhance the accurate assessment of BP.
Repeated rebiopsy for detection of EGFR T790M mutation in patients with advanced-stage lung adenocarcinoma: Associated factors and treatment outcomes of Osimertinib
Authors: Kim Taeyun , Choe Junsu , Shin Sun Hye , Jeong Byeong-Ho , Lee Kyungjong , Kim Hojoong , Lee Se-Hoon , Um Sang-Won
Published: September 2024

Objectives

This study was performed to investigate the detection rate of EGFR T790M mutation by repeated rebiopsy, to identify the clinical factors related to repeated rebiopsy, and to assess survival outcomes according to the methods and numbers of repeated rebiopsies in patients with lung adenocarcinoma who received sequential osimertinib after failure of previous 1st or 2nd generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients with advanced-stage lung adenocarcinoma who were confirmed to have EGFR T790M mutation and to have received osimertinib from January 2020 to February 2021 at Samsung Medical Center. The presence of T790M mutation was assessed based on either plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) or tissue specimens.

Results

A total of 443 patients underwent rebiopsy, with 186 (42.0%) testing positive for the T790M mutation by the sixth rebiopsy. The final analysis included 143 eligible patients. Progression-free survival was not significantly different in terms of the methods (tissue: 13.3 months, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [9.4, 23.5] vs plasma: 11.1 months, 95% CI: [8.1, 19.4], p = 0.33) and numbers (one: 13.4 months, 95% CI: [9.4, 23.5] vs two or more: 11.0 months, 95% CI: [8.1, 14.8], p = 0.51) of repeated rebiopsies. Longer overall survival (OS) was found in patients in whom T790M was detected by tissue specimens rather than by plasma ctDNA (2-year OS rate: 81.7% for tissue vs 63.9% for plasma, p = 0.0038). Factors related to the lower numbers of rebiopsies included age and bone metastasis. Factor associated with T790M detection in tissue rather than in plasma was pleural metastasis, while advanced tumor stage was related to T790M confirmation in plasma rather than in tissue.

Conclusions

Repeated rebiopsy for T790M detection in patients with NSCLC can increase the detection rate of the mutation. Detection of T790M by plasma ctDNA might be related to poor survival outcomes.
Educator perceptions of the complex needs of young people in Pupil Referral Units: An exploratory qualitative analysis
Authors: Kaip Dennis , Blackwood Nigel , Kew-Simpson Sarah , Wickersham Alice , Harvey Joel , Dickson Hannah
Published: September 2024

Background

Alternative education provision such as Pupil Referral Units support young people who have been excluded from mainstream school settings and often from disadvantaged backgrounds. However, there is limited research to date exploring educators’ perceptions of the complex needs of young people in PRUs, and the extent to which PRUs as currently configured can meet such needs.

Methods

Between March 2019 and October 2020 twenty-two participants holding various educational roles from five different Pupil Referral Units across London and Southeast England were interviewed. The interviews aimed to explore the participants’ experiences of working with students in PRU’s and examine some of the challenges that they might encounter. Semi-structured interviews were analysed using Reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

The three identified themes and their sub-themes highlighted the complex needs of these young people and identified significant barriers to effective service provision. The first theme ‘Complexities of PRU population’ highlighted the challenges that young people in PRUs face and perceived systemic short falls in addressing such complexity. The second theme ‘Challenges of the PRU environment’ highlights the frustrations that educators experience when it comes to providing adequate support to young people in PRU’s, the absence of agency support, and the uncertainty that these educational settings can bring. The third theme ‘Peer Group Influences’ highlights the impact of peer groups from beyond the classroom on engagement within the classroom.

Conclusions

Despite the clear complex needs of young people in PRUs, staff reported feeling ill-equipped to support these individuals and lacked access to effective inter-agency support. Participants reported that pupils’ mental health difficulties were exacerbated by exclusion and reintegration practices, an over-zealous focus on educational outcomes and the impact of gang influences on their school lives. Implications include more specific mental health training for staff working in PRU’s, improved inter-agency working and the incorporation of trauma-informed approaches in educational practice.
Nutritional composition, fatty acids profile and immunoglobulin G concentrations of mare milk of the Chilean Corralero horse breed
Authors: Rivero M. Jordana , Cooke Andrew S. , Gandarillas Monica , Leon Roberto , Merino Veronica M. , Velásquez Alejandro
Published: September 2024

The objective of the present study was to characterize the nutritional composition, fatty acid profile, and IgG concentration of the milk produced by Chilean Corralero horse (CCH) mares from breeding farms located in southern Chile. Forty-five milk samples were collected from three of the biggest breeding farms (coded as A, B and C) specialized in breeding and selection of CCH in Chile (15 mares sampled per farm). Farms differed in days in milk (DIM). A negative association between DIM and ash, milk protein, milk solids, saturated fatty acids (SFA), and gross energy (GE) was found, whereas DIM had a positive association with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Milk components like fat, lactose, and energy content varied independently of DIM, indicating other influencing factors such as farm-specific management practices. Offspring sex moderately affected GE content, with milk from mares bearing female offspring having higher GE. Macronutrient profiles of the CCH mares’ milk were within the reported range for other horse breeds but tended to have lower fat and total solids. Compared to cow and human milk, horse milk is richer in lactose and lower in fat and protein. Immunoglobulin G concentration was only affected by the farm (B > A) which could be linked to dietary factors and pasture composition rather than maternal parity or other known factors. Overall, CCH mare milk has notable nutritional characteristics, with implications for both foal health and potential human consumption, posing less cardiac risk compared to cow’s milk as indicated by lower atherogenic and thrombogenic indices.
Influenza vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers in a Northeastern province in Thailand: Findings of a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Shrestha Manash , Sherer Penchan Pradubmook , Paek Seung Chun , Prasert Kriengkrai , Chawalchitiporn Sutthinan , Praphasiri Prabda
Published: September 2024

Background

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are an important target group for influenza vaccination due to their increased risk of infection. However, their uptake remains a challenge. This study aimed to identify and measure influenza vaccine hesitancy among HCWs in Nakhon Phanom province, Thailand.

Methods

A representative cross-sectional survey was conducted during August–September 2020, among 350 HCWs at six hospitals in the province selected by a two-stage cluster sampling using a self-administered questionnaire. HCWs who either delayed getting influenza vaccines, accepted the vaccines but were unsure, or refused the vaccine with doubts were categorized as hesitant. HCWs who accepted the influenza vaccine without any doubts were classified as non-hesitant. Determinants of vaccine hesitancy were identified by a multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results

A total of 338 participants (97%) filled the questionnaires. The mean age of the participants was 37.2 years. Most participants were female (280; 83%), nurses (136; 40%), working at district hospitals (238; 71%), with bachelor’s degree (223; 66%), and without any pre-existing chronic medical conditions (264; 78%). Influenza vaccine hesitancy was evident among nearly 60% of the participants (197/338), who had varying patterns of hesitancy. Significant factors of influenza vaccine hesitancy were found to be age above 50 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.2, 95% CI 1.3–8.5), fair knowledge of influenza and vaccination (aOR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.8), and negative influence of other HCW (High level–aOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1–4.8; Moderate level- aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–4.4).

Conclusion

Influenza vaccine hesitancy was highly prevalent among the Thai HCWs in Nakhon Phanom province. Imparting updated information to the HCW, in combination with positive guidance from influential HCWs in the hospital, may help reduce hesitancy. These data may be useful to the National Immunization Program to design appropriate approaches to target hesitant HCWs in Thailand to improve influenza vaccine coverage.
Újbudai Hallgatói Startup Verseny 2024
Authors: Szeitz Anna
Published: September 2024

Idén kilencedik alkalommal került megrendezésre az Újbudai Hallgatói Startup Verseny. Újbuda Önkormányzata az Ifjúsági Vállalkozásélénkítő Egyesülettel együttműködve tette közzé a pályázatot, mely 4×1 millió forint összdíjazású. Innovatív és fejlesztéseken alapuló, növekedésorientált startup ötletekkel jelentkezhettek a felsőoktatási hallgatók egyénileg, vagy maximum öt fős csapatokban.
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR MEGACITY DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF URBANIZATION
Authors: Zhigulev Petr
Published: September 2024

A smart planet begins with smart cities. By 2000, the urban population made up 47% of the world's inhabitants. Analysts predict that by 2050, more than 70% of the Earth's population will live in cities, which will undoubtedly lead to an increase in traffic, expansion of building construction, require more efforts in energy resource conservation, environmental protection, and public health, and will increase the need for interaction between government, business, and society.

Today, the efficiency of urban services depends not only on the city's investment in physical infrastructure ("capital in tangible form") but also on the availability and quality of telecommunication channels and social infrastructure (intellectual capital and social capital). This latter form of capital determines the city's competitiveness. This is why the "smart city" model has been introduced as a strategic means of organizing modern urban production factors into a unified structure and drawing attention to the increasingly significant role of information and communication technologies (ICT), social capital, and natural capital in defining urban competitiveness. The importance of these assets—social and natural capital—is what distinguishes "smart" cities from less technologically advanced ones, creating a clear boundary between them and allowing them to be labeled as digital or intelligent cities.
On An Inequality about Euler’s totient function
Authors: Wang Cheng-Ting
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we show that when\(N_k\) is a primorial and \(\varphi(N_k)\)is Euler’s totient function, the inequality \(\varphi(N_k) < \frac{N_k}{e^{\gamma}\log{\log{N_k}}}\)
holds for all sufficiently large k.
Global Epidemiology of Cirrhosis in Women
Authors: Jutras Gabrielle , Flemming Jennifer A.
Published: September 2024

Recent epidemiological evidence indicates a significant rise in cirrhosis burden over the past 2 decades in all parts of the world, with cirrhosis incidence rates and related deaths escalating quickly. Women face unique risk factors and susceptibility to chronic liver diseases compared with men, underscoring the need for a sex-specific approach in early identification, reversal of causative factors, and complication prevention. This review aims to explore epidemiological trends and sex-specific factors contributing to the global epidemiology of cirrhosis among female patients today. While cirrhosis prevalence remains higher in male patients globally, the incidence rate from 2010 to 2019 grew faster among female patients. The female-to-male incidence ratio of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease-related cirrhosis globally in 2019 was 1.3, indicating a shifting trend toward new diagnoses among women now surpassing that of men. Alcohol-associated cirrhosis epidemiology is also changing, with trends toward an equal incidence of alcohol-associated cirrhosis between both sexes, particularly in industrialized nations with increased alcohol accessibility. Cirrhosis from viral hepatitis remains the main etiology among female patients in endemic regions. Sex differences in epidemiology are likely multifactorial, influenced by varying risk factors, susceptibility, and behaviors between sexes. Further research is necessary to better understand these disparities and to tailor sex-specific interventions toward improved management and treatment strategies, ultimately enhancing outcomes for women with cirrhosis and providing better patient-centered care.
STATUS ANAK YANG DILAHIRKAN DARI SPERMA MAYAT SUAMI
Authors: Jafar Muhamad
Published: September 2024

Hukum inseminasi buatan dari sperma suami yang sudah meninggal adalah haram. Alasannya, status antara suami dengan isteri dari pelaksanaan inseminasi buatan dari sperma suami yang sudah meninggal, sudah berubah. Suami dan isteri sudah dianggap sebagai orang lain karena ikatan perkawinan mereka sudah putus meskipun masih dalam masa iddah.
NIKAH SIRRI Solusi Pernikahan Anak di bawah Umur di Desa Petung, Panceng, Gresik
Authors: Tamam Ahmad Badrut
Published: September 2024

Perkawinan yang tidak dicatatkan biasanya dikenal dengan nikah sirri atau nikah di bawah tangan. Secara administrasi negara, pernikahan ini melanggar aturan yang berlaku. Dengan demikian, nikah sirri bisa dianggap tidak mematuhi atau tidak mentaati peraturan pemerintahan yang sah. Di samping suatu perkawinan harus dicatatkan, Undang-Undang Perkawinan (UUP) juga mengatur tentang usia minimal seseorang untuk menikah. Para pihak yang belum mencapai usia minimal pernikahan, tetapi terpaksa harus menikah, Undang-Undang Perkawinan memberikan peluang dengan cara mengajukan permohonan dispensasi ke Pengadilan Agama setempat. Sebagian masyarakat Indonesia masih tabu (kurang begitu mengetahui) tentang adanya dispensasi tersebut, sehingga masih ditemukan beberapa kasus pernikahan sirri anak di bawah umur seperti yang terjadi di Masyarakat desa Petung kecamatan Panceng kabupaten Gresik.
MELACAK AKAR PEMIKIRAN DALAM FIKIH WAKAF Studi terhadap Legalitas dan Karakter Akad Wakaf
Authors: Kholid Abd.
Published: September 2024

Legalitas wakaf secara spesifik ditunjukkan oleh beberapa hadits nabi dengan kata shadaqah atau shadaqah jâriyah. Wakaf kemudian dikenal dengan sebutan al-habs hingga akhirnya lebih familiar dengan sebutan al-waqf itu sendiri. Terdapat perbedaan pendapat diantara ulama dalam memposisikan wakaf, sebagian mengategorikan wakaf sebagai akad lâzim dan sebagian lain ghairu lâzim. Implikasi hukumnya jika wakaf termasuk akad lâzimi maka wakaf tidak dapat dicabut kembali, tidak boleh ada tindakan hukum (al-tasharruf) yang dapat menghilangkan wakaf, status kepemilikan berpindah dan harus berlaku selamanya (muabbad). Demikian pula sebaliknya. Namun, dalam realitas pemikiran, hubungan pengategorian wakaf sebagai akad lâzim atau ghairu lâzim dengan implikasi hukumnya tersebut ternyata menuai kontroversi, sebagian terlihat konsisten namun sebagian lain terlihat sebaliknya dan bahkan unik.
KETENTUAN NASAB ANAK SAH, TIDAK SAH, DAN ANAK HASIL TEKNOLOGI REPRODUKSI BUATAN MANUSIA: antara UU Perkawinan dan Fikih Konvensional
Authors: Muamar Afif
Published: September 2024

The aim of marriage is for procreation, but the validity of the marriage itself also participating to determine the validity of the birth of children nasab later. Along with the times that any Islamic family law in Indonesia has undergone many changes. Because of that provision nasab legitimate child, illegitimate child of reproductive technology and man-made law was not immune from the effects of changes there. To respond this issue, it should be used instead of a reference source is limited to conventional Fiqh books, it means that it is ontinues logic of the completed product of what is called as “Islamic law”. Therefore, the Indonesian regulation—such as Law of Marriage No.1 (1974) and the Islamic Law Compilation—are the major references in answering the roblems, it certainly lead to unrest in the community on legal certainty.[Salah satu tujuan perkawinan adalah untuk memperoleh keturunan, akan tetapi keabsahan perkawinan itu sendiri juga turut serta dalam menentukan keabsahan nasab anak yang dilahirkannya nanti. Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman yang terjadi, hukum Keluarga Islam di Indonesia telah banyak mengalami perubahan. Karena itu, ketentuan nasab anak sah, tidak sah, dan anak hasil teknologi reproduksi buatan manusia pun hukumnya tidak luput dari pengaruh perubahan yang ada. Untuk memberikan jawaban atas perkembangan masalah di atas, maka sudah seharusnya sumber rujukan yang dipergunakan bukan terbatas pada kitab-kitab Fikih Konvensional saja, yang notabene sebagaisuatu kelanjutan logis atau salah satu produk jadi dari apa yang sering disebut sebagai hukum Islam. Karena itu, peraturan hukum di Indonesia–seperti Undang-undang No. 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI)—juga harus menjadi rujukan utama dalam menjawab permasalahan yang bisa saja suatu saat menimbulkan keresahan di masyarakat mengenai kepastian hukumnya.]
Hiperconectado con su entorno: una lectura ecológica del libro de Jonás
Authors: Milán Fernando
Published: September 2024

Las más recientes catástrofes naturales han confirmado lo que las ciencias ambientales ya venían anunciando, a saber, que vivimos en un ecosistema donde cada organismo influye en los demás y en el medio en que vive. En esa línea interrelacional se entiende aquí el libro de Jonás, es decir, como un ecosistema narrativo o eco-relato. La lectura ecológica de este libro busca subrayar la naturaleza relacional del ser humano, creado a imagen y semejanza de un Dios trinitario y, por tanto, en constante diálogo con la realidad que le rodea, ya sea con Dios, con el prójimo o con la tierra. Siguiendo la metodología aplicada por Marlow, se analizará la relación de Jonás con sus semejantes humanos, con los animales y con el medio que le rodea; cómo se influyen mutuamente y qué conexión tienen con «el Dios del cielo, que hizo el mar y la tierra firme» (Jon 1,9).
WORKING CONDITIONS OF PRODUCTION PERSONNEL OF THE TRAMS IN THE CITIES OF THE CHELYABINSK REGION IN THE 1930s
Authors:   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Magnitogorsk, Russian Federation, Kozhushko J. N.
Published: September 2024

An important characteristic of the level of development of society is the material conditions of the life and work of its people. The relevance of the study is due to the ability to identify the conditions which primarily determined the efficient operation of urban electric transport based on analysis of historical sources. The purpose of the study is to identify the main factors which influenced tram workers in their daily work in Chelyabinsk, Zlatoust, Magnitogorsk in the 1930s. On the basis of materials from Federal and Regional archives and journalistic press, the paper presents the main production characteristics of the tram economy of the RSFSR. It analyzes the operational characteristics of the rolling stock, working conditions in the depot and on the traffic lines, and the influence of the human factor in the 1930s on the working of the trams. Historical sources were analyzed through the prism of the history of everyday life. The methodology was based on case-studies. The author shows that the cumulative effect of the harsh natural and climatic conditions, the lack of equipped work places, tools, and materials led to excessively long working shifts, and constant personnel turnover. The circumstances of working conditions were dictated by the general level of technical equipment of the time and the level of development of the industry. The factors identified in the course of the study which influenced the working conditions in the tram facilities of the cities of the Chelyabinsk region enabled the general situation in the 1930s in the field of trams in the cities of the RSFSR to be characterised (with the exception of Moscow and Leningrad).
PLANNED AGRICULTURAL RESETTLEMENT IN THE CHELYABINSK REGION BEFORE AND DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR
Authors:   United State Archive of the Chelyabinsk Region, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Lymarev A. N. , Paletskikh N. P. ,   Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

Based on materials from the Chelyabinsk region, for the first time in regional historiography, this article attempts to study the planned agricultural resettlement in 1939–1945. The study was based mainly archive materials stored in the United State Archive of the Chelyabinsk Region. In accordance with the hypothesis of Soviet society as a society of a mobilization type, the authors consider the development and implementation of a model of planned agrarian migration of the population as an integral part of the mobilization processes in the Soviet Union on the eve of the Great Patriotic War. The model of agricultural resettlement itself is seen as ensuring the viability and development of Soviet civilization. The topic is revealed through state policy measures, collective farm support and migratory behavior of migrant peasants. The study of regulatory, directive, office work, accounting and statistical documents, ego-materials enabled the dynamics of migration flows overthe years to be established. The problems faced by the migrants were shown and individual migration trajectories identified. The study also drew a main conclusion: voluntary planned agricultural resettlement initiated by the Soviet authorities was an objectively necessary event in the specific historical conditions of the turn of the 1930s–1940s. The direction of immigrants to the Chelyabinsk region was dictated by an acute shortage of labor in the South Ural collective farms. The state allocated significant material and financial resources to the oblast, provided the settlers and host collective farms with serious benefits. A key problem throughout the entire period under review was «reversal». In 1943–1945 the settlement of pre-war settlers was carried out
IMPACT OF MARXIST-LENINIST IDEOLOGY AND STALIN’S LINGUOCULTURE ON SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS OF THE 1930s – 1950s USSR HISTORY
Authors:   Ural Federal University the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Еkaterinburg, Russian Federation, Ogonovskaya I. S.
Published: September 2024

The paper considers the formation and development of the USSR history education exposed to the 1930–1950s state policy and expressed in the resolutions of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Council of People’s Commissars. It analyses the origins of the widespread revolutionary terminology in the political, social and everyday life of the country. The paper focuses on the formation of a special linguistic culture of the Soviet society after the release of I. V. Stalin’s «Short course of the CPSU (b)». It updates the influence of the official documents language, party leaders’ and statesmen’s public speeches, the «Short Course of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks», 1930–1950s Soviet periodicals and dictionaries on the vocabulary of the school history books of that time. The educational publications of this period conducted the Marxist-Leninist understanding of history and served a tool for influencing the worldview of Soviet schoolchildren. The main textbooks of this period contain numerous examples of specific words, reflecting the interpretation of historical events and processes in line with Marxist-Leninist ideology. The paper provides brief information about the authors of educational publications and the results of textbook competitions initiated by the party and state bodies. The conclusion refers to the content adjustment of history textbooks depending on ideological attitudes.
REASONS FOR RESIGNATION OF THE CHELYABINSK KIROV PLANT DIRECTOR I. M. ZALTSMAN IN 1949
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Fedorov A. N.
Published: September 2024

The article attempts to establish the relationship and the degree of significance of the various reasons for the resignation of I. M. Zaltsman, Kirov plant director in 1949. With the help of Federal archive documents, new circumstances of the Zaltsman Affair are revealed showing that it corresponded to cadre practices of late Stalinism. The affair was due to production problems. In February 1949 Zaltsman was reprimanded by the government for the production of low-quality tanks in the Kirov Plant, and then was unable to organize the rapid modernization of the IS-4 tank. The question of a new punishment for the director was referred to the Central Committee of the CPSU(b), which by that time had information about the director’s misconduct, corruption and improper cadre selection at the plant. In most cases, plant directors received disciplinary or party penalties for such shortcomings. However, Zaltzman’s refusal to admit his guilt aggravated the situation. An additional check revealed new negative facts, and his actions began to be regarded as «anti-party». As a result, the disruption of the defense task, supplemented by corruption and violation of the unwritten rules for considering cadres questions, outweighed the merits of the famous director and he received the severe penalty of being removed from his post.
HERMENEUTICAL «READING» OF WORLD VIEW MEANINGS IN THE ART OF SYMBOLISM
Authors:   Altai State Institute of Culture, Barnaul, Russian Federation, Zhuk S. А. , Kuznetsova O. N. ,   Altai State Institute of Culture, Barnaul, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

The paper focuses on the art of symbolism and its «language» which presents a certain difficulty for its understanding. It considers the paintings of the symbolist artist M.A. Vrubel dedicated to the theme of the Demon («Seated Demon», «Flying Demon», «Defeated Demon»). The authors aim to read deep, ideological meanings in the named works of the artist, abstracting from traditional evaluative stereotypes. The specifics of the subject and the task set singles out the problem of the method which makes the paper a significant methodological and theoretical contribution. Hermeneutic logic acts as a methodological basis in this study. It also increases the relevance of the research, since the use of hermeneutics as a method in scientific studies is a rare phenomenon. The main stages of «hermeneutical following» in the text of the article are accompanied with the necessary explanations. The use of hermeneutic logic reveals the deep meanings of M. Vrubel’s paintings associated with the worldview of the artist (the philosophy of F. Nietzsche, A. Schopenhauer) and their interpretation in the «prism of choice» of the superpersonality (Demon).
PRECIOUS HEADDRESS OF URAL ICONS (PAGES OF THE ARTIST LYDIA BLOKHINA’S WORK)
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Kovtun O. A.
Published: September 2024

The research is relevant due to the fact that the artwork of Lidia Blokhina, demonstrating the outstanding pieces of church art of the Urals, has not been within the scope of scientific interests until now. The paper aims to introduce the unknown to science works of L. Blokhina on the creation of precious icons framings, to determine the uniqueness of her work as an artistic phenomenon in the church life of the Urals. The paper examines the artwork of L. Blokhina, analyzing her holy icon framings as an area of contemporary church art which carry on aspects of the Ancient Russian tradition while featuring regional (Ural) techniques of gemstone processing. We consider the artistic characteristics of the works of L. Blokhina, based on the synthesis of folk embroidery techniques, the elements of ancient Russian «golden» embroidery patterns, the Ural stone processing technique and the creation of «embossed» icons. Our stylistic, artistic and technical analysis of the works defined them as unique iconic art works, and resulted in introduction of unknown art works designed for church service in scien
TRANSFORMATION OF FORMS OF MEDIA RESOURSES & DYNAMICS OF GENRES OF JOURNALISTIC TEXTS IN THE RUSSIAN INFORMATION SPACE
Authors:   Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Chumikov A. N.
Published: September 2024

The article was born out of the need for an analysis of the intense and dynamic changes taking place in journalism. The study uses quantitative methods of traditional concrete sociological research combined with qualitative methods of media measurements. A representative sample array of media texts from 2003–2023 was used. The analysis focuses on the forms of media resources and their journalistic texts of various genres. The results confirm the trends outlined earlier and also identifies new and insufficiently obvious trends. The grounds for an updated classification of resources and genres are presented.Media resources used in this study include specialized thematic and educational media projects, a student newspaper, a media community, a social media page (group) of a creative association, a proprietary media resource, and a platform for the production of media products. Defining characteristics of modern media genres as multimedia, interactivity and hypertextuality were detected and the phenomenon of textual convergence between resources and intra-resource genre convergence (multi-genre) was noted. The objectivity of actualizing and developing the generalized genre story with possible modifications social story, useful story, etc. is substantiated. The reasons for the emergence of new genres (fan fiction), development (review), or decline (travel essay, feuilleton) of previously popular texts are determined
Knockdown of USP7 alleviates atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice by regulating EZH2 expression
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhang Yanchun
Published: September 2024

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic vascular disease associated with lipid accumulation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of AS is essential. Ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) is a deubiquitination enzyme involved in various cellular processes, including lipid metabolism. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of USP7 in AS progression and its underlying mechanism using ApoE-deficient mice. We found that USP7 ablation improved the morphological characteristics of AS in these mice. USP7 knockdown reduced inflammation, evidenced by decreases in inflammatory markers IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β by 35, 40, and 38%, respectively (p < 0.01). Additionally, USP7 depletion reduced oxidative stress, indicated by a 30% reduction in malondialdehyde levels and increases in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels by 25 and 28%, respectively (p < 0.01). Moreover, USP7 knockdown blocked lipid accumulation in aortic tissue cells. Mechanistically, USP7 knockdown inhibited enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) expression, thereby suppressing AS progression. In conclusion, USP7 depletion alleviated AS progression in ApoE-deficient mice by targeting EZH2 expression. USP7 may serve as a therapeutic target for AS.
The expression and clinical significance of syncytin-1 in serum exosomes of hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Zhuang Xuewei , Shi Xiao , Zhao Hui , Shang Shuai , Xu Xinyu , Wang Xiaomin , Zheng Xin , He Jing
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to investigate the expression and clinical significance of syncytin-1 in the serum exosomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Serum samples were collected from 61 patients with newly diagnosed HCC and 61 healthy individuals. Exosomes were extracted from serum samples and identified using transmission electron microscopy and Western blot. The relative expression levels of syncytin-1 in exosomes were determined by real-time quantitative PCR. The protein expression levels of alpha-fetoprotein and syncytin-1 in HCC patients were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of serum exosomal syncytin-1 in diagnosing HCC. The relationships between syncytin-1 expression and clinical pathological features were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The results showed that the expression level of syncytin-1 in the serum of patients with newly diagnosed HCC was significantly higher than that in the normal control group (P < 0.0001). Using pathological diagnosis as the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of syncytin-1 for the auxiliary diagnosis of HCC were 91.3% and 75.5%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of alpha-fetoprotein (P < 0.0001). The relative expression level of serum exosomal syncytin-1 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, degree of differentiation, and CNLC staging of HCC patients (P < 0.05). In conclusion, syncytin-1 in serum exosomes has high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing HCC and can serve as a novel tumor marker for early screening, detection, and staging of HCC.