bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of acute malnutrition among 6–59 months old children in public hospitals in Gambella town, Southwest Ethiopia: unmatched case-control study
Authors: Gesese Abreha Addis , Khot Luel Duoth
Published: September 2023

Background

Acute malnutrition is a severe public health issue caused by poor nutrition over a short period of time. It is a powerful predictor of mortality. The Gambella region’s risk factors for acute malnutrition, however, are not well understood. Thus, the risk factors for acute malnutrition were identified in this study.

Methods

A facility-based unmatched-case control study design was conducted in public hospitals in Gambella town from February 15 to March 30, 2019. A total of 85 cases and 170 controls were included in the study. According to the average monthly caseload, children between the ages of 6 and 59 months were distributed among the public hospitals. Then, cases and controls were chosen using a systematic random sampling technique. A standardized, previously tested questionnaire was used to collect the data. EPI-data version 3.1 was used to enter the data, which was subsequently exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Statistical significance was set at p 0.05 for the bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions that were employed.

Results

Household income of <=1,500 birr [AOR = 2.46 at 95% CI (1.37–4.39)], being unemployed [AOR = 2.37 at 95% CI (1.34–4.20)], rural residence [AOR = 1.96 at 95% CI (1.10–3.51)], having diarrhea [AOR = 2.47, 95% CI (1.36–4.51)], fever [AOR = 2.05, 95% CI (1.03–4.10)], and pneumonia (AOR = 2.41), and exclusive breast feeding (AOR = 1.96, and exclusive breast feeding [AOR = 1.96, 95% CI (1.18–4.91)], and exclusive breast feeding (AOR = 1.96) minimum dietary diversity [AOR = 2.86, 95% CI (1.06–3.64)], minimum dietary diversity [AOR = 2.86, 95% CI (1.37–5.95)], weight measurement at birth [AOR = 0.86, 95% CI (0.08–0.93)], unplanned birth of the child [AOR = 1.97, 95% CI (1.02–3.78)], and non-immunized [AOR = 4.12, 95% CI (1.05–16.13)] were associated with acute malnutrition.

Conclusion

This research identified multiple risk factors for acute malnutrition in children aged 6–59 months, suggesting health interventions, and programs at all levels of the system executed in an organized manner with substantial program ramifications.
Radiomics nomogram for prediction of glypican-3 positive hepatocellular carcinoma based on hepatobiliary phase imaging
Authors: Zhang Ning , Wu Minghui , Zhou Yiran , Yu Changjiang , Shi Dandan , Wang Cong , Gao Miaohui , Lv Yuanyuan , Zhu Shaocheng
Published: September 2023

Introduction

The hepatobiliary-specific phase can help in early detection of changes in lesion tissue density, internal structure, and microcirculatory perfusion at the microscopic level and has important clinical value in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, this study aimed to construct a preoperative nomogram for predicting the positive expression of glypican-3 (GPC3) based on gadoxetic acid-enhanced (Gd-EOB-DTPA) MRI hepatobiliary phase (HBP) radiomics, imaging and clinical feature.

Methods

We retrospectively included 137 patients with HCC who underwent Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and subsequent liver resection or puncture biopsy at our hospital from January 2017 to December 2021 as training cohort. Subsequently collected from January 2022 to June 2023 as a validation cohort of 49 patients, Radiomic features were extracted from the entire tumor region during the HBP using 3D Slicer software and screened using a t-test and least absolute shrinkage selection operator algorithm (LASSO). Then, these features were used to construct a radiomics score (Radscore) for each patient, which was combined with clinical factors and imaging features of the HBP to construct a logistic regression model and subsequent nomogram model. The clinicoradiologic, radiomics and nomogram models performance was assessed by the area under the curve (AUC), calibration, and decision curve analysis (DCA). In the validation cohort,the nomogram performance was assessed by the area under the curve (AUC).

Results

In the training cohort, a total of 1688 radiomics features were extracted from each patient. Next, radiomics with ICCs<0.75 were excluded, 1587 features were judged as stable using intra- and inter-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), 26 features were subsequently screened using the t-test, and 11 radiomics features were finally screened using LASSO. The nomogram combining Radscore, age, serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) >400ng/mL, and non-smooth tumor margin (AUC=0.888, sensitivity 77.7%, specificity 91.2%) was superior to the radiomics (AUC=0.822, sensitivity 81.6%, specificity 70.6%) and clinicoradiologic (AUC=0.746, sensitivity 76.7%, specificity 64.7%) models, with good consistency in calibration curves. DCA also showed that the nomogram had the highest net clinical benefit for predicting GPC3 expression.In the validation cohort, the ROC curve results showed predicted GPC3-positive expression nomogram model AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.800, 58.5%, and 100.0%, respectively.

Conclusion

HBP radiomics features are closely associated with GPC3-positive expression, and combined clinicoradiologic factors and radiomics features nomogram may provide an effective way to non-invasively and individually screen patients with GPC3-positive HCC.
Isolation and characterization of ZK002, a novel dual function snake venom protein from Deinagkistrodon acutus with anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties
Authors: Chan Brandon Dow , Wong Wing-Yan , Lee Magnolia Muk-Lan , Yue Patrick Ying-Kit , Dai Xiangrong , Tsim Karl Wah-Keung , Hsiao Wen-Luan Wendy , Li Mandy , Li Xiao-Yi , Tai William Chi-Shing
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Pathological angiogenesis, the abnormal or excessive generation of blood vessels, plays an important role in many diseases including cancer, diabetic retinopathy, psoriasis, and arthritis. Additionally, increasing evidence supports the close linkage between angiogenesis and inflammation. Snake venoms are a rich natural source of biologically active molecules and carry rich potential for the discovery of anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory modulators.

Methods: Here, we isolated and purified a novel protein, ZK002, from the venom of the snake Deinagkistrodon acutus, and investigated its anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory activities and mechanisms.

Results: ZK002 was identified as a 30 kDa heterodimeric protein of α and β chains, which exhibited anti-angiogenic activity in various in vitro assays. Mechanistically, ZK002 inhibited activation of VEGF signaling and related mediators including eNOS, p38, LIMK, and HSP27. ZK002 also upregulated the metalloproteinase inhibitor TIMP3 and inhibited components of the VEGF-induced signaling cascade, PPP3R2 and SH2D2A. The anti-angiogenic activity of ZK002 was confirmed in multiple in vivo models. ZK002 could also inhibit the in vitro expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as in vivo inflammation in the carrageenin-induced edema rat model.

Conclusion: Our findings highlight the potential for further development of ZK002 as a dual function therapeutic against diseases with involvement of pathogenic angiogenesis and chronic inflammation.
Heat hardening enhances metabolite-driven thermoprotection in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis
Authors: Georgoulis Ioannis , Bock Christian , Lannig Gisela , Pörtner Hans O. , Sokolova Inna M. , Feidantsis Konstantinos , Giantsis Ioannis A. , Michaelidis Basile
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Temperature affects organisms’ metabolism and ecological performance. Owing to climate change, sea warming constituting a severe source of environmental stress for marine organisms, since it increases at alarming rates. Rapid warming can exceed resilience of marine organisms leading to fitness loss and mortality. However, organisms can improve their thermal tolerance when briefly exposed to sublethal thermal stress (heat hardening), thus generating heat tolerant phenotypes.

Methods: We investigated the “stress memory” effect caused by heat hardening on M. galloprovincialis metabolite profile of in order to identify the underlying biochemical mechanisms, which enhance mussels’ thermal tolerance.

Results: The heat hardening led to accumulation of amino acids (e.g., leucine, isoleucine and valine), including osmolytes and cytoprotective agents with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that can contribute to thermal protection of the mussels. Moreover, proteolysis was inhibited and protein turnover regulated by the heat hardening. Heat stress alters the metabolic profile of heat stressed mussels, benefiting the heat-hardened individuals in increasing their heat tolerance compared to the non-heat-hardened ones.

Discussion: These findings provide new insights in the metabolic mechanisms that may reinforce mussels’ tolerance against thermal stress providing both natural protection and potential manipulative tools (e.g., in aquaculture) against the devastating climate change effects on marine organisms.
Biomarkers of postharvest resilience: unveiling the role of abscisic acid in table grapes during cold storage
Authors: Navarro-Calderón Ángela , Falagán Natalia , Terry Leon A. , Alamar M. Carmen
Published: September 2023

Table grapes are considered non-climacteric fruit, not showing a rapid increase in respiration rate and ethylene production during ripening. Previous research has suggested that abscisic acid (ABA) may have a more crucial role in grape postharvest behaviour. This study aimed to identify biomarkers of postharvest resilience and flavour life of imported table grapes. An experiment was designed to determine i) the role of ABA and catabolites on grape berry senescence; ii) the spatial distribution of these hormones within the grape berry, and iii) the effect of 1-MCP and storage temperature on its postharvest quality. Hence, the use of an ethylene inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropane (1-MCP), during table grape storage was investigated. Table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. ‘Krissy’ were subjected to i) control (untreated); and ii) 1-MCP (1 µL L-1; 12 hours; 15°C) and stored under two scenarios: i) 15 days at 0.5°C, followed by five days at 5.5°C to simulate shelf-life; and ii) 20 days at 5.5°C to simulate a higher storage temperature followed by shelf-life. Physiological (i.e. mould incidence, skin colour, firmness, respiration rate) and biochemical analysis (i.e. individual sugars, organic acids, abscisic acid and catabolites) were performed. Grapes subjected to 5.5°C showed significantly higher mould incidence at the end of the shelf-life compared to 0.5°C storage temperature (12.6% vs. 3.1%). Also, and for the first time, the spatial distribution of ABA during the senescence of table grapes was profiled; the distal section had three times more ABA and metabolites than the proximal. We demonstrated that senescence processes were initiated after a significant increase in respiration rate (from 1 to 2.8 mL CO2 kg-1 h-1), and that ABA could be considered a biomarker for table grapes senescence, since an ABA peak preceded the increase in respiration rate, mould incidence, organic acids, and sucrose hydrolysis during postharvest storage; and coincided with a decrease in berry firmness. These findings are of significant importance for the industry as understanding how ABA regulates both senescence processes and quality changes during postharvest cold storage of tables grapes can improve the consistency and reduce waste and consumer complaints.
Role of plastids and mitochondria in the early development of seedlings in dark growth conditions
Authors: Sajib Salek Ahmed , Kandel Margot , Prity Sadia Akter , Oukacine Cylia , Gakière Bertrand , Merendino Livia
Published: September 2023

Establishment of the seedlings is a crucial stage of the plant life cycle. The success of this process is essential for the growth of the mature plant. In Nature, when seeds germinate under the soil, seedlings follow a dark-specific program called skotomorphogenesis, which is characterized by small, non-green cotyledons, long hypocotyl, and an apical hook-protecting meristematic cells. These developmental structures are required for the seedlings to emerge quickly and safely through the soil and gain autotrophy before the complete depletion of seed resources. Due to the lack of photosynthesis during this period, the seed nutrient stocks are the primary energy source for seedling development. The energy is provided by the bioenergetic organelles, mitochondria, and etioplast (plastid in the dark), to the cell in the form of ATP through mitochondrial respiration and etio-respiration processes, respectively. Recent studies suggest that the limitation of the plastidial or mitochondrial gene expression induces a drastic reprogramming of the seedling morphology in the dark. Here, we discuss the dark signaling mechanisms involved during a regular skotomorphogenesis and how the dysfunction of the bioenergetic organelles is perceived by the nucleus leading to developmental changes. We also describe the probable involvement of several plastid retrograde pathways and the interconnection between plastid and mitochondria during seedling development. Understanding the integration mechanisms of organellar signals in the developmental program of seedlings can be utilized in the future for better emergence of crops through the soil.
Broad vs. narrow traits: a scoping review of measuring personality traits in teacher selection using the situational judgment test
Authors: Nadmilail Azad Iqram , Mohd Matore Mohd Effendi Ewan , Maat Siti Mistima , Sheridan Lynn
Published: September 2023

Situational Judgment Tests (SJTs) have gained popularity and are commonly used as a measurement technique in a variety of professions, particularly those that include hiring, promoting, and professional development. In various educational sectors around the world, SJTs are being utilized as a measure by which to choose individuals who possess the requisite non-academic attributes for the profession. The objective of this review is to identify and analyze the traits that are measured in teacher selection using SJTs, in terms of both broad and narrow traits. This review uses a scoping review approach comprising five stages which are: identifying the research question, identifying relevant studies, selecting the studies, charting the data and reporting the results. Seven empirical research studies on teacher selection using SJTs were identified in which broad and narrow traits are used differently in selection. In the studies, a broad trait—conscientiousness—and seven narrow traits—organization and planning; empathy and communication; adaptability and resilience; mindset; emotional regulation; professional ethics; and enthusiasm and motivation—were recognized. Analysis revealed, in line with other prior studies, that the traits discovered tended to be used as the foundation for teacher selection criteria. The use of broad and narrow traits as the basis for teacher selection criteria has implications for the selection of the “best” teacher candidates because both broad and narrow traits generally do not accurately measure the precise characteristics needed. Future studies should focus on measuring more precise characteristics without overlap between the targeted characteristics, in light of the conclusions from this review.
The mediating roles of workplace support and ethical work environment in associations between leadership and moral distress: a longitudinal study of Canadian health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Plouffe Rachel A. , Nazarov Anthony , Heesters Ann M. , Dickey Chandlee C. , Foxcroft Laura , Hosseiny Fardous , Le Tri , Lum P. Andrea , Nouri Maede S. , Smith Patrick , Richardson J. Don
Published: September 2023

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in heightened moral distress among health care workers (HCWs) worldwide. Past research has shown that effective leadership may mitigate potential for the development of moral distress. However, no research to date has considered the mechanisms by which leadership might have an influence on moral distress. We sought to evaluate longitudinally whether Canadian HCWs’ perceptions of workplace support and ethical work environment would mediate associations between leadership and moral distress.

Methods

A total of 239 French- and English-speaking Canadian HCWs employed during the COVID-19 pandemic were recruited to participate in a longitudinal online survey. Participants completed measures of organizational and supervisory leadership at baseline and follow-up assessments of workplace support, perceptions of an ethical work environment, and moral distress.

Results

Associations between both organizational and supervisory leadership and moral distress were fully mediated by workplace supports and perceptions of an ethical work environment.

Discussion

To ensure HCW well-being and quality of care, it is important to ensure that HCWs are provided with adequate workplace supports, including manageable work hours, social support, and recognition for efforts, as well as an ethical workplace environment.
Novel paradigms for the gut–brain axis during alcohol withdrawal, withdrawal-associated depression, and craving in patients with alcohol use disorder
Authors: Vatsalya Vatsalya , Verster Joris C. , Sagaram Manasa , Royer Amor J. , Hu Huirong , Parthasarathy Ranganathan , Schwandt Melanie L. , Kong Maiying , Ramchandani Vijay A. , Feng Wenke , Agrawal Ruchita , Zhang Xiang , McClain Craig J.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) exhibit symptoms such as alcohol withdrawal, depression, and cravings. The gut-immune response may play a significant role in manifesting these specific symptoms associated with AUD. This study examined the role of gut dysfunction, proinflammatory cytokines, and hormones in characterizing AUD symptoms.

Methods

Forty-eight AUD patients [men (n = 34) and women (n = 14)] aged 23–63 years were grouped using the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol Scale (CIWA) as clinically significant (CS-CIWA [score > 10] [n = 22]) and a clinically not-significant group (NCS-CIWA [score ≤ 10] [n = 26]). Clinical data (CIWA, 90-day timeline followback [TLFB90], and lifetime drinking history [LTDH]) and blood samples (for testing proinflammatory cytokines, hormones, and markers of intestinal permeability) were analyzed. A subset of 16 AUD patients was assessed upon admission for their craving tendencies related to drug-seeking behavior using the Penn-Alcohol Craving Score (PACS).

Results

CS-CIWA group patients exhibited unique and significantly higher levels of adiponectin and interleukin (IL)-6 compared to NCS-CIWA. In the CS group, there were significant and high effects of association for the withdrawal score with gut-immune markers (lipopolysaccharide [LPS], adiponectin, IL-6, and IL-8) and for withdrawal-associated depression with gut-immune markers (scored using MADRS with LPS, soluble cells of differentiation type 14 [sCD14], IL-6, and IL-8). Craving (assessed by PACS, the Penn-Alcohol Craving Scale) was significantly characterized by what could be described as gut dysregulation (LBP [lipopolysaccharide binding protein] and leptin) and candidate proinflammatory (IL-1β and TNF-α) markers. Such a pathway model describes the heavy drinking phenotype, HDD90 (heavy drinking days past 90 days), with even higher effects (R2 = 0.955, p = 0.006) in the AUD patients, who had higher ratings for cravings (PACS > 5).

Discussion

The interaction of gut dysfunction cytokines involved in both inflammation and mediating activity constitutes a novel pathophysiological gut–brain axis for withdrawal symptoms and withdrawal-associated depression and craving symptoms in AUD. AUD patients with reported cravings show a significant characterization of the gut–brain axis response to heavy drinking.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT# 00106106.
Obstructive sleep apnea and cognition: insights gleaned from bibliometric analysis
Authors: Dong Jiajia , Yu Xiao , Wang Yuxin , Zhang Honglei , Guo Rui
Published: September 2023

Objective

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with cognitive impairment. However, the broad trends of the research publications on OSA and cognition are unclear. This study aimed to investigate patterns of research on the relationship between OSA and cognitive function using bibliometric analysis and to identify future research directions by analyzing research trends and emerging hotspots in the field.

Methods

We searched Web of Science for relevant publications from 2003 to 2022 and conducted a bibliometric analysis of OSA and cognitive research using CiteSpace, R, and VOSviewer.

Results

A total of 1995 articles met the eligibility criteria for the analysis of OSA and cognition research. There was a notable increase in publications over time, with significant contributions from the United States, particularly Harvard University, leading to substantial academic impact. Gozal D emerged as the most prolific author (59 articles) and influential researcher (3,612 citations) in this field. Hotspot analysis revealed that investigating the pathological physiology and mechanisms of OSA-associated cognitive dysfunction is a recent area of focus, while burst detection analysis identified sleep quality and mild cognitive impairment as top investigation topics. The study by Canessa N published in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine received the highest number of 77 citations.

Conclusion

Researchers are increasingly focusing on OSA and cognition. Currently, the majority of studies on OSA-related cognitive dysfunction are focused on correctable aspects of the condition. Future investigations into the pathology of OSA-induced cognitive impairment will facilitate more precise therapeutic interventions.
The efficacy and safety of direct-acting antiviral regimens for end-stage renal disease patients with HCV infection: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Ruochan , Xiong Yinghui , Zeng Yanyang , Wang Xiaolei , Xiao Yinzong , Zheng Yixiang
Published: September 2023

Background

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an independent risk factor associated with adverse outcomes in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Due to the wide variety of direct-acting antiviral regimens (DAAs) and the factor of renal insufficiency, careless selection of anti-hepatitis C treatment can lead to treatment failure and safety problems. The integrated evidence for optimized therapies for these patients is lacking. This study would conduct comparisons of different DAAs and facilitate clinical decision-making.

Methods

We conducted a systematic literature search in multiple databases (PubMed, Ovid, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) up to 7 August 2023. Study data that contained patient characteristics, study design, treatment regimens, intention-to-treat sustained virologic response (SVR), and adverse event (AE) data per regimen were extracted into a structured electronic database and analyzed. The network meta-analysis of the estimation was performed by the Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods.

Results

Our search identified 5,278 articles; removing the studies with duplicates and ineligible criteria, a total of 62 studies (comprising 4,554 patients) were included. Overall, the analyses contained more than 2,489 male individuals, at least 202 patients with cirrhosis, and no less than 2,377 patients under hemodialysis. Network meta-analyses of the DAAs found that receiving ombitasvir (OBV)/paritaprevir (PTV)/ritonavir (R) plus dasabuvir (DSV), glecaprevir (G)/pibrentasvir (P), and sofosbuvir (SOF)/ledipasvir (LDV) ranked as the top three efficacy factors for the HCV-infected ESRD patients. Stratified by genotype, the G/P would prioritize genotype 1 and 2 patients with 98.9%−100% SVR, the SOF/DCV regimen had the greatest SVR rates (98.7%; 95% CI, 93.0%−100.0%) in genotype 3, and the OBV/PTV/R regimen was the best choice for genotype 4, with the highest SVR of 98.1% (95% CI, 94.4%−99.9%). In the pan-genotypic DAAs comparison, the G/P regimen showed the best pooled SVR of 99.4% (95% CI, 98.6%−100%). DAA regimens without Ribavirin or SOF showed the lowest rates of AEs (49.9%; 95% CI, 38.4%−61.5%) in HCV-infected ESRD patients.

Conclusion

The G/P could be recommended as the best option for the treatment of pan-genotypic HCV-infected ESRD patients. The OBV/PTV/R plus DSV, SOF/Velpatasvir (VEL), SOF/Ledipasvir (LDV), and SOF/DCV would be reliable alternatives for HCV treatment with comparable efficacy and safety profiles.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#searchadvanced, PROSPERO: CRD42021242359.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of atezolizumab in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer ineligible for treatment with a platinum-containing regimen: a United Kingdom health care perspective
Authors: Jiang Yunlin , Zhao Mingye , Xi Jiayi , Li Jiaqi , Tang Wenxi , Zheng Xueping
Published: September 2023

Background

Cost-effectiveness of atezolizumab, as a treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who cannot receive a platinum-containing regimen,was still unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of atezolizumab vs. chemotherapy in this indication from the perspective of UK healthcare system.

Methods

From the global, randomised, open-label, phase III IPSOS trial, clinical inputs and patient characteristics were obtained. A partitioned survival model with three health states was built: Progression-free survival, progressed disease and death. A lifetime time horizon was applied, with an annual discount rate of 3.5%. Additionally, the willingness-to-pay threshold of £50,000/QALY was utilized. Primary outcomes were quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Sensitivity, scenario, and subgroup analyses were used to assess the reliability of base-case results. Price simulations were carried out in order to provide information for the pricing strategy at specific willingness-to-pay threshold.

Results

In the base-case analysis, atezolizumab resulted in a gain of 0.28 QALYs and an ICER of £94,873/QALY compared to chemotherapy, demonstrating no cost-effectiveness. Price simulation results revealed that atezolizumab would be preferred at a price lower than £2,215 (a reduction of 41.8%) at the willingness-to-pay threshold of £50,000. Sensitivity, scenario and subgroup analyses revealed these conclusions were generally robust, the model was most sensitive to the price of atezolizumab and subsequent medication. Furthermore, atezolizumab was found to be more cost-effective for patients displaying a positive PD-L1 expression, with an ICER of £72,098/QALY as compared to chemotherapy.

Conclusion

Atezolizumab is not cost-effective for patients with advanced NSCLC ineligible for platinum-containing regimen, potential price reduction is necessary.
A mechanistic model of the organization of cell shapes in epithelial tissues
Authors: Malakar Kanaya , Rubenstein Rafael I. , Bi Dapeng , Chakraborty Bulbul
Published: September 2023

The organization of cells within tissues plays a vital role in various biological processes, including development and morphogenesis. As a result, understanding how cells self-organize in tissues has been an active area of research. In our study, we explore a mechanistic model of cellular organization that represents cells as force dipoles that interact with each other via the tissue, which we model as an elastic medium. By conducting numerical simulations using this model, we are able to observe organizational features that are consistent with those obtained from vertex model simulations. This approach provides valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms that govern cellular organization within tissues, which can help us better understand the processes involved in development and disease.
Longitudinal variability of thermospheric zonal winds near dawn and dusk
Authors: Molina Ivana , Scherliess Ludger
Published: September 2023

Understanding the morphology and dynamics of the thermosphere is key to understanding the Earth’s upper atmosphere as a whole. Thermospheric winds play an important role in this process by transporting momentum and energy and affecting the composition, dynamics and morphology of not only the thermosphere but also of the ionosphere. The general morphology of the winds has been well established over the past decades, but we are only starting to understand its variability. In this process the lower atmosphere plays an important role due to direct penetration of waves from the lower atmosphere into the ionosphere/thermosphere, secondary waves generated on the way, or internal feedback mechanisms in the coupled ionosphere-thermosphere system. Therefore, knowledge about thermospheric variability and its causes is critical for an improved understanding of the global ionosphere-thermosphere system and its coupling to the lower atmosphere. We have used low-to mid-latitude zonal wind observations obtained by the Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Explorer (GOCE) satellite near 260 km altitude during geomagnetically quiet times to investigate the interannual and spatial zonal wind variability near dawn and dusk, during December solstice. The temporal and spatial variability is presented as a variation about the zonal mean values and decomposed into its underlying wavenumbers using a Fourier analysis. The obtained wave features are compared between different years and clear interannual changes are observed in the individual wave components, which appear to align with changes in the solar flux but do not correlate with variations in either El Niño Southern Oscillation or the Quasi Biennial Oscillation. The obtained wave features are compared and contrasted with results from the Climatological Tidal Model of the Thermosphere (CTMT) and revealed a very good agreement between CTMT and the 2009 and 2010 December GOCE zonal wind perturbations at dawn. However, during dusk, the CTMT zonal wind perturbations and in particular the zonal wave-1 component show significant differences with those observed by GOCE.
Structural enrichment for laboratory mice: exploring the effects of novelty and complexity
Authors: Bohn Lena , Bierbaum Louisa , Kästner Niklas , von Kortzfleisch Vanessa Tabea , Kaiser Sylvia , Sachser Norbert , Richter S. Helene
Published: September 2023

Providing structural enrichment is a widespread refinement method for laboratory rodents and other animals in captivity. So far, animal welfare research has mostly focused on the effect of increased complexity either by accumulating or combining different enrichment items. However, increasing complexity is not the only possibility to refine housing conditions. Another refinement option is to increase novelty by regularly exchanging known enrichment items with new ones. In the present study, we used pair-housed non-breeding female C57BL/6J and DBA/2N mice to investigate the effect of novelty when applying structural enrichment. We used a double cage system, in which one cage served as home cage and the other as extra cage. While the home cage was furnished in the same way for all mice, in the extra cage we either provided only space with no additional enrichment items (space), a fixed set of enrichment items (complexity), or a changing set of enrichment items (novelty). Over 5  weeks, we assessed spontaneous behaviors, body weight, and extra cage usage as indicators of welfare and preference. Our main results showed that mice with access to structurally enriched extra cages (complexity and novelty) spent more time in their extra cages and complexity mice had lower latencies to enter their extra cages than mice with access to the extra cages without any structural enrichment (space). This indicates that the mice preferred the structurally enriched extra cages over the structurally non-enriched space cages. We found only one statistically significant difference between the novelty and complexity condition: during week 3, novelty mice spent more time in their extra cages than complexity mice. Although we did not detect any other significant differences between the novelty and complexity condition in the present study, more research is required to further explore the potential benefits of novelty beyond complexity.
A water additive with pomegranate can reduce dental plaque and calculus accumulation in dogs
Authors: Gawor Jerzy P. , Ziemann Daria , Nicolas Celine S.
Published: September 2023

Oral homecare plays a major part in dental disease prevention but it can be difficult to perform and time-consuming. Furthermore, the product used can be of limited efficiency. The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of a water additive to limit the accumulation of plaque and calculus in dogs. Forty dogs were selected and randomly allocated to one of the two groups after scaling and polishing on day 0. The control group received no oral hygiene while the second group received the water additive (Vet Aquadent® FR3SH™, Virbac) every day. After 30 days, plaque and calculus accumulations were evaluated under anesthesia. The Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI) was assessed on days 0 and 30. On day 30, the plaque and calculus indices were significantly smaller (p < 0.05) in the Aquadent group compared to the control group with median (Q1-Q3) scores of 1.22 (0.99–1.44) vs. 2.31 (1.65–3.86), respectively for plaque and 0.25 (0.15–0.42) vs. 0.33 (0.32–0.69) for calculus. Between day 0 and day 30, the GBI significantly decreased in the control group [from 0.39 (0.21–0.56) to 0.19 (0.08–0.29)] and in the Aquadent group [from 0.33 (0.18–0.47) to 0.00 (0.00–0.00)] but the decrease was significantly greater in the Aquadent group. These results show for the first time that the water additive tested can reduce dental deposit accumulation in dogs and improve gingival health. It can be recommended after a dental cleaning, especially to owners who are reluctant to provide dental care at home due to a lack of time or convenience.
A blend of selected botanicals maintains intestinal epithelial integrity and reduces susceptibility to Escherichia coli F4 infection by modulating acute and chronic inflammation in vitro
Authors: Bonetti Andrea , Toschi Andrea , Tugnoli Benedetta , Piva Andrea , Grilli Ester
Published: September 2023

In the pig production cycle, the most delicate phase is weaning, a sudden and early change that requires a quick adaptation, at the cost of developing inflammation and oxidation, especially at the intestinal level. In this period, pathogens like enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) contribute to the establishment of diarrhea, with long-lasting detrimental effects. Botanicals and their single bioactive components represent sustainable well-recognized tools in animal nutrition thanks to their wide-ranging beneficial functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro mechanism of action of a blend of botanicals (BOT), composed of thymol, grapeseed extract, and capsicum oleoresin, in supporting intestinal cell health during inflammatory challenges and ETEC infections. To reach this, we performed inflammatory and ETEC challenges on Caco-2 cells treated with BOT, measuring epithelial integrity, cellular oxidative stress, bacterial translocation and adhesion, gene expression levels, and examining tight junction distribution. BOT protected enterocytes against acute inflammation: while the challenge reduced epithelial tightness by 40%, BOT significantly limited its drop to 30%, also allowing faster recovery rates. In the case of chronic inflammation, BOT systematically improved by an average of 25% the integrity of challenged cells (p < 0.05). Moreover, when cells were infected with ETEC, BOT maintained epithelial integrity at the same level as an effective antibiotic and significantly reduced bacterial translocation by 1 log average. The mode of action of BOT was strictly related to the modulation of the inflammatory response, protecting tight junctions’ expression and structure. In addition, BOT influenced ETEC adhesion to intestinal cells (−4%, p < 0.05), also thanks to the reduction of enterocytes’ susceptibility to pathogens. Finally, BOT effectively scavenged reactive oxygen species generated by inflammatory and H2O2 challenges, thus alleviating oxidative stress by 40% compared to challenge (p < 0.05). These results support the employment of BOT in piglets at weaning to help manage bacterial infections and relieve transient or prolonged stressful states thanks to the modulation of host-pathogen interaction and the fine-tuning activity on the inflammatory tone.
Retrospective investigation of the 2019 African swine fever epidemic within smallholder pig farms in Oudomxay province, Lao PDR
Authors: Matsumoto Nina , Siengsanan-Lamont Jarunee , Halasa Tariq , Young James R. , Ward Michael P. , Douangngeun Bounlom , Theppangna Watthana , Khounsy Syseng , Toribio Jenny-Ann L. M. L. , Bush Russell D. , Blacksell Stuart D.
Published: September 2023

The 2019 African swine fever (ASF) outbreak in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR or Laos) represented a major epidemiologic event where a transitioning lower-middle income nation (LMIC) experienced a viral epidemic in a naïve pig population. The diversity of pig management styles creates challenges for local and regional policymakers when formulating recommendations to control an ASF outbreak. The aim of this study were to investigate the management of pigs in villages of Oudomxay province that were affected by ASF in 2019, as a case study in a smallholder pig-rasing system in northern Laos. The frequencies of well known risk factors were measured in the affected villages and the timelines and household level stock losses due to the outbreak were investigated. These findings were compared to data available from a similar outbreak in the southern province of Savannakhet. Disease control implications of these findings are discussed. Mean losses were 3.0–23.3 pigs per household, with a mean lost herd value of USD 349, 95% CI (294–415). These pig losses reflect those estimated in Savannakhet (6.7 pigs per household). However, the financial loss estimated per household was higher, USD 349 versus USD 215, possibly due to higher pig values and a higher input/output management approach in Oudomxay. The investigation revealed the presence of numerous ASF risk factors, such as swill-feeding and free-ranging. In addition, poor biosecurity practices – such as inappropriate garbage disposal and slaughtering – that could contaminate the environment were present. ASF cases occurred across all villages between June and December 2019, with outbreak periods ranging from 22–103 days. These values are consistent with the outbreak in Savannakhet; however, notable differences in management styles were observed. These findings demonstrate the need for more disease control resources from the village to the Governmental level. Villages need support in enacting context appropriate biosecurity measures, whilst the ongoing surveillance and investigation of ASF require investment in logistical and veterinary resources at the Governmental level.
Theoretical Approaches to the Study of the Development Prospects of the Brics as an Economic and Political Union
Authors:   Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Institute of Management and Regional Development, Moscow, Iordanova V. G. , Shapor M. A. ,   Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Institute of Applied Economic Research, Moscow, Bukhaeva M. M. ,   Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Mukhametshin R. I. ,   Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow
Published: September 2023

The presented work continues a series of articles devoted to the economic and political aspects of the development of the BRICS countries. This article discusses the possible development prospects of the BRICS countries based on the hypotheses proposed by the authors of this paper. Within the framework of the presented study, the authors decided to consider the following three hypotheses of the prospects for the development of the BRICS: As the fi rst hypothesis or a relatively positive option for the development of this trade union, a political alliance can become, if implemented, all member countries of the union will be focused on mutual assistance. For example, it is assumed that in the new political alliance, Russia, Argentina and Brazil will be responsible for food security. Russia and Iran, having significant reserves of fuel and energy resources, will be able to ensure energy security in the region. China will become the main supplier of processing industry products. Another option, which is the most promising for the BRICS countries, could be the creation of an economic union. At the same time, the implementation of this initiative is the most time-consuming, since the association, in order to achieve the designated goal, must go through several stages of integration and create an institutional mechanism for the functioning of this union. At the same time, the authors of this study come to the conclusion that the BRICS member countries are unlikely to be able to implement economic integration, which is due to the significant remoteness of the countries from each other; the heterogeneity of the economic space; different levels of economic development; the difference in socio-cultural characteristics that hinder the development of economic integration. The least favorable and relatively unlikely option would be the termination of the existence of this union.
Problems of the Russian Market of Industrial Equipment under the Conditions of Foreign Trade Sanctions
Authors:   Vladimir State University named after Alexander Grigorievich and Nikolai Grigorievich Stoletovs, Vladimir, Aksenov I. A.
Published: September 2023

The fifth package of anti-Russian sanctions, introduced in 2022 in connection with the events in Ukraine, includes most types of industrial equipment, which makes their import into Russia very difficult or impossible. Under these conditions, an acute shortage of technological equipment has formed. According to experts, the need for industrial equipment is not satisfied by at least 25 % of representatives of the manufacturing sector. This article examines the impact of foreign trade sanctions on the Russian market of industrial equipment. In today’s global economic instability and political tensions, Russia is facing restrictions and complications in foreign trade, which significantly affects the industrial sector of the country. The article reflects the classification of industrial equipment. Based on the analysis of empirical data, a quantitative and qualitative characteristic of the Russian market of industrial equipment is given, and the volumes of imports of the goods in question into the territory of the Russian Federation are estimated. The study reflects and systematizes the problems faced by manufacturers and consumers of industrial equipment in Russia under the influence of foreign trade sanctions. In particular, technological limitations, reduced availability of imported components, as well as worsening conditions for exporting products are considered. In addition, the impact of these problems on the overall economic situation and on the competitiveness of Russian enterprises in the world market is reflected. The article talks about the need to take appropriate measures on the part of the state and industrial companies to support the domestic production of industrial equipment and increase its competitiveness.
Employment of the Disabled as a Mechanism for the Development of the Agrosphere and Rural Territories
Authors:   Russian Academy of Personnel Support of the Agro-Industrial Complex, Moscow, Novikov V. G. , Novichkov N. V. ,   Russian Academy of Personnel Support of the Agro-Industrial Complex, Moscow, Gridasova E. A. ,   Russian Academy of Personnel Support of the Agro-Industrial Complex, Moscow
Published: September 2023

The article reveals the problems of vocational guidance and employment of people with disabilities living in rural areas. Potential opportunities for expanding the labor participation of disabled people in the agro-industrial sector and other sectors of the rural economy are considered. The role of education in stimulating the labor activity of disabled people is revealed. The issues of organizing retraining and advanced training of disabled people living in rural areas are considered. Arguments are given that the involvement of people with disabilities in labor activity is one of the mechanisms for the development of the agrosphere and rural areas. The authors conclude that in order to perform the career guidance function, organizations of additional vocational education need to interact with employment service bodies, executive bodies of state authority of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local self-government bodies, bodies of territorial public self-government, industry associations operating in rural areas. The measures mentioned in the article, according to the authors, will stimulate the economic activity of disabled people; promote vocational education for disabled people and their employment, create conditions for the development of new forms of staff training and retraining in the countryside, support traditional types of agricultural activities and businesses, accelerate the introduction of new activities and contribute to the stable integrated development of rural areas.
Contribuições acerca da Política Nacional de Habitação e do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida como resposta ao déficit habitacional brasileiro
Authors: Granzotto Carolyne Lanna , Paes Luana Fernandes Silva , De Souza Cristiane Natalício
Published: September 2023

Como uma das várias dimensões das desigualdades sociais produzidas pelo sistema, desde a formação sócio-histórica brasileira, a condição de habitação da população, assim como de moradia dos brasileiros, é caracterizada pela exclusão e por fortes desigualdades sociais. Compreende-se que a Política Nacional de Habitação surge como resposta a uma das expressões da Questão Social. O presente trabalho consiste em um estudo a respeito da análise dos ciclos da Política Nacional de Habitação partindo do pressuposto de que as políticas públicas são ações e programas por parte do Estado que buscam promover o bem estar social. Como objetivo pretende-se discutir sobre a política social no contexto brasileiro, buscando refletir acerca da Política Nacional de Habitação, compreendendo o seu processo de formulação e implementação e as suas principais diretrizes. Buscou-se também identificar os impactos do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida na questão habitacional brasileira. Como procedimentos metodológicos realizou-se a discussão a partir das reflexões teóricas existentes na literatura. Como resultado, podemos verificar que o programa foi pioneiro dentro das políticas sociais de habitação. Teve como propósito a questão do déficit habitacional, mas também foi uma estratégia que visou aquecer a economia em um momento de crise, neste sentido, o programa atingiu parcialmente seus objetivos, entretanto, ao mesmo tempo em que favoreceu as populações de baixa renda, que são as mais afetadas pela questão do déficit habitacional, favoreceu majoritariamente as construtoras, não trazendo efetiva solução para a deficiência habitacional que é histórica.