bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selection of Outstanding Lecturers with Simple Additive Weighting Method
Authors: Wati Embun Fajar , Istikharoh Istikharoh , Tuslaela Tuslaela
Published: April 2020

One of the elements in the implementation of Higher Education is a lecturer. Lecturers are academic staff who are tasked with carrying out the Tri Dharma of Higher Education which includes education, research, community service. Lecturers who excel are entitled to be selected and get promotions and awards according to their academic performance. Therefore, we need a calculation method that can be used as a media for performance appraisal of outstanding lecturers who can facilitate assessment. This assessment includes performance appraisal which includes commitment, integrity, service orientation, discipline, cooperation, and leadership. In addition to the criteria, the assessment also includes the Employee Performance Target (SKP) assessment. This Employee Performance Target is in the form of a total assessment of lecturer performance. Two criteria, namely performance and SKP will be used as guidelines in the calculation of the selection of outstanding lecturers. Samples were taken as many as 20 lecturers at the Sriwijaya State Buddhist College in Tangerang. The simple additive weighting method is effectively used in the selection of outstanding lecturers with an assessment limit of more than 0.88. Of the many candidates, there were three lecturers with sufficient performance and SKP, with grades 0.922, 0.88, 0.94. So that the highest achieving lecturer with the highest value is 0.94.
Decision Support System for Achieving Scholarship Selection by Using Profile Matching Method
Authors: Handayani Rani Irma , Triningsih Triningsih , Putri Melia
Published: April 2020

Learning is one of the obligations of students to do in every school activity where they study. However, sometimes many students are less able to digest the subject matter delivered by the teacher. Therefore, the school held a scholarship program for outstanding students. In order to motivate students to study harder. Achievement scholarships are given with the aim of motivating students to study harder. Currently the scholarship is not right on target because it is still done manually and it is not clear the criteria for a student to get an achievement scholarship. To conduct an assessment in awarding scholarships to high achieving students use a decision support system to help solve a problem. For this reason, to conduct an assessment in the awarding of scholarships, a decision support system using the Profile Matching method is used. Profile Matching method is one of the methods used in decision making. In this study, there are several aspects of the assessment for awarding achievement scholarships, namely the KKM Aspect, the Attendance Aspect, the Behavior Aspect, the Craft Aspect or the Discipline, the Neatness Aspect.
Utilización de cáscara de arroz como fuente de sílice para la síntesis de materiales mesoporosos y su aplicación en la degradación de diferentes compuestos orgánicos
Authors: Benzaquén Tamara Belén , Carraro Paola M. , Eimer Griselda A.
Published: April 2020

En el presente trabajo se sintetizaron materiales mesoporosos del tipo MCM-41 utilizando cáscara de arroz como precursor de sílice. En una primera etapa, se evaluaron dos lavados previos de la cáscara de arroz, con agua y ácido nítrico, obteniéndose sílice de alta área superficial para el lavado con ácido. El material mesoporoso silíceo se sintetizó mediante el método de tratamiento hidrotérmico utilizando el silicato extraído de la cáscara como precursor de sílice y bromuro de cetiltrimetilamonio (CTAB) como plantilla. El soporte MCM-41 luego fue modificado con Fe por el método de impregnación húmeda para su utilización como catalizadores heterogéneos, en la degradación de diferentes compuestos orgánicos en medio acuoso, como herbicidas (atrazina), compuestos derivados de la industria del plástico (bisfenol A) y de la industria farmacéutica (paracetamol), aplicando la reacción foto-Fenton heterogénea (metal/H2O2/Radiación); y así alcanzar un sistema catalítico de mayor eficiencia.
Sweet Potato Gummy Sorption Isotherm: Product Development and Stability Analysis
Authors: Sosa Carola Andrea , Vergara Liliana Edith , Traffano-Schiffo María Victoria , Sgroppo Sonia Cecilia
Published: April 2020

The present study is about the development of a techno-functional confectionery (soft candy), based on native raw materials from the Chaqueña region. In order to analyze it shelf life, the sorption isotherms were determined at 4, 20 and 30 ° C. Several mathematical models were applied to adjust the sorption behavior, with Peleg's model being the one that best fit the experimental data. The results obtained in this study, open an opportunity for future work in which the food developed can be used as a carrier of functional compounds such as fibers, proteins, bioactive compounds and natural dyes, among others.
Designing nahshorna bilingual media for nahwu-shorof basic learning
Authors: Baroroh Ma'arif Iin , Kanzul Fikri Akhmad , Husna Atik
Published: April 2020

This study is conducted on the basis of researcher’s observation that students are lack of interest of study in learning Arabic grammar, namely Nahwu-Shorof basic learning. Students have good basic on English ability. The objective of this study is to find out the feasibility of designing ‘’NahShorNa’’ bilingual media for Nahwu-Shorof basic learning for students. This study involved 12 students. The subjects of this study are second grade students of An-Nashriyah Islamic Boarding School. This study used qualitative data and used Research and Development (R&D) Research Design. The instruments of this study used observation, interview, questionnaire and documentation. The study focused on reading ability. The findings of the study that are the result of media validation is 88% score in very good category, the result of two materials validation  is interesting categories, English material is 75% score in pretty good category, the Arabic material is 73,75 % score in pretty good category and  the result of user validation in preliminary field study is ‘’Good’’ response
Analisis Implementasi Kerjasama Sister-Province Antara Provinsi Yogyakarta Dengan Gyeongsangbuk-Do Dalam Pengembangan Desa
Authors: Dewi Sannya Pestari
Published: April 2020

Sister-city cooperation between Yogyakarta and Gyeongsangbuk-Do has existed for 10 years. It has shown that regional authorities are able to carry out cooperation across national borders continously, especially in developing rural areas. Sumbermulyo has unique characteristics, which has a diversity of religious adherents who become religious tourism. This village is also one of the largest rice producers in D.I Yogyakarta. However, the low level of education in this region also complements the complexity of the implementation of the collaboration between the two parties. This study aims to analyze implementation of sister-city cooperation between Yogyakarta and Gyeongsangbuk-Do in the development of Sumbermulyo village, Bantul. The implementation of sister-city cooperation is examined by model of implantation policy with four indicators namely communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. From the four indicators it was found that the cooperation of D.I Yogyakarta and Gyeongsangbuk-Do in the development of Sumbermulyo village was not successful in its implementation, with only the disposition indicator being met from the program. This is also illustrated by the implementation of program only in the second year of the agreed five years. The failure of this program made the evaluation for the government in the application of sister-province further collaboration.
INTERRELATION BETWEEN TOURIST RISK PERCEPTION AND DESTINATION IMAGE AND REVISIT INTENTION EAST LOMBOK POST EARTHQUAKE
Authors: Satyarini Ni Wayan Marsha , Tamjuddin Tamjuddin , Kurniawan Ramdhan
Published: April 2020

This research developed of tourist risk perception and destination image and revisit intention. Theresearch also focused how tourists are influenced by natural disasters and provides empirical evidenceto predict the hypothesis models. The results of a study of 230 of local and international tourists visit toEast Lombok post the earthquake. This study examining:(1) the effect of risk perception and destinationimage (2) the effect of destination image and revisit intention (3) the effect of risk perception and revisitintention post natural disaster. Results as expected, all results had positive and significant relationbetween variables. This research used SEM-AMOS as analysis method.
STUDI AWAL PENGEMBANGAN JARINGAN INKUBATOR TEKNOLOGI & BISNIS PADA INSTITUSI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI DI INDONESIA
Authors: W Widayat  , Settings Irawadi Jamaran
Published: April 2020

Partnership development and technology business incubator on the basis of mutual interests will require more real if developed until the stage of commercialization of technological innovation in the markerplace. The partnership is based on sharing information, experiences and resources between hinger education institutions, research institutions and the community. It is expected that such partership will preduce new business organization that comes from new ideas and new entrepreneurs. In this paper the initial design model is given as networks center college of growth in the form of partnership networks of higher education institutions and research institutions that support the development needs of the community business organizations through technology and business incubators.
ANALISIS KEBERLANJUTAN USAHATANI HORTIKULTURA SAYURAN PADA LAHAN BERLERENG DI HULU DAS JENEBERANG, SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Saida Saida , Sabiham S , Widiatmaka Widiatmaka , Sutjahjo S H
Published: April 2020

This study aimed to analyse the sustainability of vegetables horticultural farming on sloping land in the upstream Jeneberang watershed based on the index evaluation and the status of sustainability by Rap-farm method using Multidimensional Scaling (MDS).Results of ordination technique analysis Rap-farm method of MDS showed that index of vegetables horticultural farming sustainability ranged from 32.19-62.53. Dimension of ecological, economical, institutional, and technological included into sustainable enough category, while social dimension, included into less sustainable category in vegetables horticultural farming systems.Results of leverage Rap-farm analysis showed that from 43 attributes that were analyzed, there were 23 sensitive attributes that affected into the sustainability of vegetables horticultural farming systems in the upstream of Jeneberang watershed.
EFEKTIFITAS KONSENTRASI PACLOBUTRAZOL PADA PISANG CV. AMPYANG SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Susilawati Susilawati , Sulistiana Susi
Published: April 2020

Banana is a tropical Indonesian fruit that its cultivation is supported by the Government of Indonesia. Ampyang banana is one of popular and widely consumed banana. Availability of quality seedling is a challenge for Ampyang banana farmer. In vitro multiplication of Ampyang banana is a promising alternative method of breeding. However, fast growth of Ampyang banana in in vitro culture is an obstacle in subculture periode. Paclobutrazol is a compound that can impede giberellin synthesis and reduce vegetative growth in plants. The aim of the study is investigate different paclobutrazol concentration (2.5; 5; 7.5 ppm) to in vitro culture of  Ampyang banana during plantlet phase to reduce growth of the plantlet. Observation was conducted during 2-10 weeks after planting. The result showed that there was no signifincant difference of leaf number among various concentration of placobutrazol which was given during 10 weeksafter planting. Meanwhile, the lowest number of new roots was found in the 2.5 ppm paclobutrazol concentration during 4 to 10 weeks after planting. The shortest root was found in the 7.5 ppm paclobutrazol concentration from 4  to 8 after planting. The lowest plant height was in the group of 5 ppm of placobutrazol concentration.

 

Pisang merupakan komoditas buah tropika unggulan Indonesia yang pengembangannya didukung oleh pemerintah Indonesia. Pisang Ampyang merupakan salah satu pisang yang banyak digemari dan dikonsumsi. Ketersediaan bibit berkualitas merupakan salah satu tantangan bagi petani pisang Ampyang dalam pemenuhan permintaan pasar. Perbanyakan pisang Ampyang secara in vitro menjadikan salah satu alternatif menjanjikan untuk ketersediaan bibit dipasaran. Namun pertumbuhan pisang Ampyang yang relatif cepat menjadi kendala di dalam kultur in vitro yang berdampak pada seringnya periode subkultur. Paclobutrazol adalah salah satu senyawa yang memiliki aktifitas dapat menghambat sintesis giberelin pada tanaman dan mampu mengurangi pertumbuhan vegetatif pada tanaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah pemberian berbagai konsentrasi paclobutrazol (2,5 ppm; 5 ppm; 7,5 ppm) terhadap kultur in vitro pisang Ampyang pada fase planlet untuk menekan pertumbuhan planlet pisang Ampyang. Pengamatan dilakukan mulai 2-10 minggu setelah tanam (MST). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada jumlah daun tidak terdapat perbedaan yang nyata antar konsentrasi peclobutrazol yang diberikan selama 10 MST. Pada peubah pengamatan jumlah akar baru terendah terdapat pada konsentrasi 2,5 ppm pada 4 MST hingga 8 MST. Panjang akar menunjukkan akar terpendek terdapat pada 7,5 ppm dari 4 MST hingga 8 MST. Tinggi tanaman terendah terdapat pada pemberian paclobutrazol pada konsentrasi 5 ppm.
KONTRIBUSI SEKTOR PERIKANAN DALAM PEREKONOMIAN KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH
Authors: Kaihatu Meitha M
Published: April 2020

Maluku Tengah District have the potential fisheries resources. But the contribution of fishery against Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) only of 6.20%. In general, this research aims to identify and analyze the contribution of fisheries sector in the economy of the Maluku Tengah district, knowing the level of the base, and analyze the fishery economic typology. The methods used are secondary data analysis. Data analysis is an analysis of Shift Share analysis, Location Quotient (LQ), and analysis of the Klassen Typology. The calculation of the value of the contribution, the value of LQ, typology of economic sector of fisheries in Maluku Tengah district obtained the results that the contribution of fishery on the basis of prevailing prices and constant prices put the fishery on the order/rank fifth and sixth in the achieving of GRDP, the sector of fisheries in Maluku Tengah district is not a sector basis with patterns and economic structures that are growing but are at a condition relative's left behind. There are five sub-districts that became a priority and need to be developed/improved, among others: Banda, Tehoru, Salahutu, Leihitu, and Seram Utara.

 

Kabupaten Maluku Tengah memiliki potensi sumberdaya perikanan yang cukup besar. Namun sumbangan sektor perikanan terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) hanya sebesar 6,20%. Secara umum penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis kontribusi sektor perikanan dalam perekonomian wilayah Kabupaten Maluku Tengah, mengetahui tingkat basis, menganalisis tipologi ekonomi sektor perikanan.Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis data sekunder. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis Shift Share, analisis Location Quotient (LQ), dan Analisis Tipologi Klassen. Perhitungan nilai kontribusi, nilai LQ, tipologi ekonomi sektor perikanan di Kabupaten Maluku Tengah diperoleh hasil bahwa kontribusi sektor perikanan atas dasar harga berlaku dan harga konstan menempatkan sektor perikanan pada urutan/peringkat kelima dan keenam dalam pembentukan PDRB, sektor perikanan di Kabupaten Maluku Tengah bukan merupakan sektor basis dengan pola dan struktur ekonomi yang sedang bertumbuh namun berada pada kondisi relatif tertinggal. Terdapat lima kecamatan yang menjadi prioritas dan perlu dikembangkan/ditingkatkan antara lain: Banda, Tehoru, Salahutu, Leihitu, dan Seram Utara.
EKSPLORASI MIKROORGANISME INDIGENUSINSEPTISOLS
Authors: Pangaribuan Nurmala
Published: April 2020

Inseptisols have various types and densities of microorganisms. Plants that are cultivated in Jatinangor inseptisol fields have a root system that contains a large number of microorganisms. This study aims to be able to provide precise information about the potential resources of microorganisms, bacteria, mycorrhizae from the location of planting corn and soybeans on Jatinangor and Ciparanje inseptisols, Sumedang, West Java. This research activity includes (1) soil sampling which was then isolated on oblique agar media observed with a microscope, (2) identification of spore types, identification of CMA using the Manual for The Identification of Mychorhiza Fungi, (3) calculating the number of spores using the Filter Method Wet Pacioni and Centrifugation Technique from Brunndret. The results showed the number of Bradyrhizobium sp.,was found in the former soil of soybean cropping in Jatinangor and Ciparanje, which was 7,75 x 108 cfu/g, higher than in the former corn crop, 1,80 x 107 cfu / g in Jatinagor and 1,41 x 107 cfu /g at Ciparanje. Inseptisols Jatinangor and Ciparanje also produce spores of Glomus sp. 14 spores /g of soil and 12 spores/g of soil, in the former maize cropland were higher than in the former soybean cropland, which was 10 spores/g of soil.

 

Ekosistem inseptisols memiliki jenis dan kepadatan mikroorganisme yang beragam. Tanaman yang dibudidayakan di lahan inseptisol Jatinangor memiliki sistem perakaran yang mengandung berbagai jenis mikroorganisme dalam jumlah besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk dapat memberikan informasi yang tepat tentang potensi sumberdaya mikroorganisme, bakteri, mikoriza dari lokasi penanaman jagung dan kedelai padalahan inseptisol Jatinangor dan Ciparanje, Sumedang, Jawa Barat. Kegiatan penelitian ini meliputi (1) pengambilan sampel tanah yang kemudian diisolasi pada media agar miring yang diamati dengan mikroskop, (2) identifikasi jenis spora, identifikasi CMA menggunakan Manual for The Identification of Mychorhiza Fungi, (3) penghitungan jumlah spora dengan menggunakan Metode Saring Basah Pacionidan Teknik Sentrifugasi dari Brunndret. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah bakteri Bradyrhizobium sp. Lebih banyak ditemukan pada tanah bekas pertanaman kedelai di Jatinangor dan Ciparanje, yaitu 7,75 x 108 cfu/g, sementara pada bekas pertanaman jagung, di Jatinangor 1,80 x 107 cfu/g dan 1,41 x 107 cfu/g di Ciparanje. Inseptisols Jatinangor dan Ciparanje mengandung Glomus sp., di Jatinangor dan Ciparanje berturut-turut 14 spora/g tanah dan 12 spora/g tanah, lebih tinggi pada tanah bekas pertanaman jagung, dibanding pada tanah bekas pertanaman kedelai, yaitu 10 spora/g tanah.
EVALUASI KESESUAIAN LAHAN UNTUK REHABILITASI HUTAN MANGROVE KOTA LANGSA ACEH
Authors: Iswahyudi Iswahyudi , Kusmana Cecep , Hidayat Aceng , Noorachmat Bambang Pramudya
Published: April 2020

Mangrove ecosystem has  the role of interface ecosystem between land and sea. It has social, economic and ecological functions. The decreasing quality and quantity of mangrove mangrove forrest has resulted in environmental damage. Langsa City has mangrove forest in damaged condition because of conversion into fish ponds, illegal logging, pollution and settlements. The purpose of this research was to determine the level of land suitability of rehabilitated mangrove areas. The research was conducted in Langsa City, Aceh. Location and method of this research determined by purposive and descriptive with survey techniques. The Analytical method used is a suitability analysis. According to land suitability matrix and spatial analysis, there were three types of mangroves that can be used for rehabilitation programs in the study area like Rhizophora spp., Avicennia spp., and Sonneratia spp. In land suitability level, Rhizophora spp. had the highest of land suitability around 1.263,92 ha (66,88%).

 

Ekosistem mangrove merupakan wilayah yang berperan sebagai peralihan antara daratan dan lautan yang mempunyai fungsi ekologi, sosial ekonomi, dan fisik. Menurunnya kualitas dan kuantitas hutan mangrove telah mengakibatkan kerusakan lingkungan. Kondisi hutan mangrove Kota Langsa pada saat ini mengalami kerusakan. Faktor utama penyebab kerusakan, antara lain konversi hutan mangrove menjadi tambak, pembalakan liar, pencemaran, dan permukiman baru. Tujuan penelitian untuk menentukan tingkat kesesuaian lahan pada areal rehabilitasi mangrove. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Langsa, Aceh. Penentuan lokasi penelitian dilakukan secara purposive dan menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan teknik survei. Analisis kesesuaian lahan dan analisis spasial untuk mengetahui tingkat kesesuaian lahan mangrove digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, ada tiga jenis mangrove yang dapat digunakan untuk program rehabilitasi, yaitu: Rhizophora spp., Avicennia spp., dan Sonneratia spp. Berdasarkan tingkat kesesuaian lahan, jenis Rhizophora spp. mempunyai tingkat kesesuaian lahan tertinggi. Luasan lahan yang dapat ditanami jenis Rhizophora spp. seluas 1.263,92 ha (66,88%).
SIALOLITH IN WHARTON’S DUCT IN AN ADOLESCENT- A CASE REPORT WITH MANAGEMENT APPROACH
Authors: Jayachandran Sadaksharam , M Archana
Published: April 2020

Sialolithiasis accounts for the most common cause of diseases of salivary glands. The majority of sialoliths occur in the submandibular gland or the Wharton’s duct. Obstructive sialadenitis is the most frequent non-neoplastic salivary disorder with sialoliths being the main cause. This case report presents a case of a sialolith in the left Wharton’s duct in an adolescent, which was diagnosed using radiographs and removed via a simple intra-oral approach. Keywords: Sialolith, Sialadenitis, Wharton’s duct, intra oral approach
Systems Pharmacology Approach to Investigate the Mechanism of Kai-Xin-San in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Luo Yunxia , Li Dongli , Liao Yanfang , Cai Chuipu , Wu Qihui , Ke Hanzhong , Liu Xinning , Li Huilin , Hong Honghai , Xu Yumin , Wang Qi , Fang Jiansong , Fang Shuhuan
Published: April 2020

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive dysfunction. Kai-Xin-San (KXS) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula that has been used to treat AD patients for over a thousand years in China. However, the therapeutic mechanisms of KXS for treating AD have not been fully explored. Herein, we used a comprehensive network pharmacology approach to investigate the mechanism of action of KXS in the treatment of AD. This approach consists of construction of multiple networks and Gene Ontology enrichment and pathway analyses. Furthermore, animal experiments were performed to validate the predicted molecular mechanisms obtained from the systems pharmacology-based analysis. As a result, 50 chemicals in KXS and 39 AD-associated proteins were identified as major active compounds and targets, respectively. The therapeutic mechanisms of KXS in treating AD were primarily related to the regulation of four pathology modules, including amyloid beta metabolism, tau protein hyperphosphorylation process, cholinergic dysfunction, and inflammation. In scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction mice, we validated the anti-inflammatory effects of KXS on AD by determining the levels of inflammation cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. We also found cholinergic system dysfunction amelioration of KXS is correlated with upregulation of the cholinergic receptor CHRNB2. In conclusion, our work proposes a comprehensive systems pharmacology approach to explore the underlying therapeutic mechanism of KXS for the treatment of AD.
The Role of Circulating Tumor Cells in the Metastatic Cascade: Biology, Technical Challenges, and Clinical Relevance
Authors: Dianat-Moghadam Hassan , Azizi Mehdi , Eslami-S Zahra , Cortés-Hernández Luis Enrique , Heidarifard Maryam , Nouri Mohammad , Alix-Panabières Catherine
Published: April 2020

Metastases and cancer recurrence are the main causes of cancer death. Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) and disseminated tumor cells are the drivers of cancer cell dissemination. The assessment of CTCs’ clinical role in early metastasis prediction, diagnosis, and treatment requires more information about their biology, their roles in cancer dormancy, and immune evasion as well as in therapy resistance. Indeed, CTC functional and biochemical phenotypes have been only partially characterized using murine metastasis models and liquid biopsy in human patients. CTC detection, characterization, and enumeration represent a promising tool for tailoring the management of each patient with cancer. The comprehensive understanding of CTCs will provide more opportunities to determine their clinical utility. This review provides much-needed insights into this dynamic field of translational cancer research.
The Yeast Atlas of Appalachia: Species and Phenotypic Diversity of Herbicide Resistance in Wild Yeast
Authors: Barney Jordan B. , Winans Matthew J. , Blackwood Catherine B. , Pupo Amaury , Gallagher Jennifer E.G.
Published: April 2020

Glyphosate and copper-based herbicides/fungicides affect non-target organisms, and these incidental exposures can impact microbial populations. In this study, glyphosate resistance was found in the historical collection of S. cerevisiae, which was collected over the last century, but only in yeast isolated after the introduction of glyphosate. Although herbicide application was not recorded, the highest glyphosate-resistant S. cerevisiae were isolated from agricultural sites. In an effort to assess glyphosate resistance and impact on non-target microorganisms, different yeast species were harvested from 15 areas with known herbicidal histories, including an organic farm, conventional farm, remediated coal mine, suburban locations, state park, and a national forest. Yeast representing 23 genera were isolated from 237 samples of plant, soil, spontaneous fermentation, nut, flower, fruit, feces, and tree material samples. Saccharomyces, Candida, Metschnikowia, Kluyveromyces, Hanseniaspora, and Pichia were other genera commonly found across our sampled environments. Managed areas had less species diversity, and at the brewery only Saccharomyces and Pichia were isolated. A conventional farm growing RoundUp Ready™ corn had the lowest phylogenetic diversity and the highest glyphosate resistance. The mine was sprayed with multiple herbicides including a commercial formulation of glyphosate; however, the S. cerevisiae did not have elevated glyphosate resistance. In contrast to the conventional farm, the mine was exposed to glyphosate only one year prior to sample isolation. Glyphosate resistance is an example of the anthropogenic selection of nontarget organisms.
Impact Evaluation of Grid-Connected PV Systems on PQ Parameters by Comparative Analysis based on Inferential Statistics
Authors: Osma-Pinto German , García-Rodríguez María , Moreno-Vargas Jeisson , Duarte-Gualdrón Cesar
Published: April 2020

The intermittent injection of power and the nature of power electronic devices used for photovoltaic (PV) systems can affect the power quality (PQ) of the grid to which they are connected. This study proposes to quantify and evaluate the impact of PV injection on the PQ of a low-voltage (LV) network by applying a statistical analysis through hypothesis testing for the mean comparison of populations of parameters with and without a PV system. The effects of PV power injection and load demand at the point of common coupling on PQ are monitored. The methodology includes the selection and monitoring of PQ, the use of a matrix for classification of data with similar load and PV power injection conditions, and the application of the Wilcoxon rank sum test. This methodology was applied to evaluate the impact of a 9.8 kWp PV system on the PQ of an LV network.
A Family of Single-Stage, Buck-Boost Inverters for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Zhao Ben , Abramovitz Alexander , Liu Chang , Yang Yongheng , Huangfu Yigeng
Published: April 2020

This paper introduces a family of single-stage buck-boost DC/AC inverters for photovoltaic (PV) applications. The high-gain feature was attained by applying a multi-winding tapped inductor, and thus, the proposed topologies can generate a grid-level AC output voltage without using additional high step-up stages. The proposed topologies had a low component count and consisted of a single magnetic device and three or four power switches. Moreover, the switches were assembled in a push-pull or half/full-bridge arrangement, which allowed using commercial low-cost driver-integrated circuits. In this paper, the operation principle and comparison of the proposed topologies are presented. The feasibility of the proposed topologies was verified by simulations and experimental tests.
Novel Control Approach for a Hybrid Grid-Forming HVDC Offshore Transmission System
Authors: Tian Shangen , Campos-Gaona David , A. Lacerda Vinícius , Torres-Olguin Raymundo E. , Anaya-Lara Olimpo
Published: April 2020

This article describes a hybrid topology of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) for offshore wind farms using a series connection of a voltage source converter (VSC) and six-pulse diode rectifier (6P-DR). In this topology, the offshore side VSC (OF-VSC) acts as a grid-forming converter to maintain the PCC (point of common coupling) voltage of offshore wind farms (WF) and frequency. In addition, the OF-VSC functions as an active power filter to suppress the 5th, 7th, 11th, and 13th order harmonic current components produced by the 6P-DR, making it almost sinusoidal. Due to the 6P-DR being used in the hybrid converter, this new configuration reduces the total cost of the converters and losses, while preserving the power flow to the onshore gird. Compared to the fully-rated converter and hybrid converter based on a 12-pulse diode rectifier, the power loss and cost are reduced, and in addition, the proposed hybrid converter does not require a phase shift transformer nor a high number of diodes. A 200 MW in an HVDC transmission system using the hybrid configuration was simulated in PSCAD. The results show that the system operated correctly and the harmonic components were filtered.
Effect of the Intake Valve Lift and Closing Angle on Part Load Efficiency of a Spark Ignition Engine
Authors: Balmelli Michelangelo , Zsiga Norbert , Merotto Laura , Soltic Patrik
Published: April 2020

This study provides an experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of Miller cycles with various combinations of lift and intake valve closing angle for a passenger car engine with premixed combustion in naturally aspirated operation. A fully variable electro-hydraulic valve train provided different valve lift profiles. Six load points, from 1.5 up to 5 bar brake mean effective pressure at a constant engine speed of 2000 min−1, were tested with 6 different intake valve lift/intake valve closing angle combinations. The intake valve closing angle was always set before bottom dead center to achieve the desired load with unthrottled operations. Experimental comparison with throttled operation outlines an indicated efficiency increase of up to 10% using high intake lift with early valve closing angle. Furthermore, this analysis outlines the influences that early intake valve closing angle has on fuel energy disposition. Longer combustion duration occurs using early intake valve closing angle because of turbulence dissipation effects, leading to slight reductions in the heat-to-work efficiency. However, overall pressure and temperature levels decrease and consequently heat losses and losses due to incomplete combustion decrease as well. Overall, we found that combustion deterioration is compensated/mitigated by the reduction of the heat losses so that reductions of pumping losses using early intake valve closing can be fully exploited to increase the engine’s efficiency.
An Interval Forecasting Model Based on Phase Space Reconstruction and Weighted Least Squares Support Vector Machine for Time Series of Dissolved Gas Content in Transformer Oil
Authors: Yuan Fang , Guo Jiang , Xiao Zhihuai , Zeng Bing , Zhu Wenqiang , Huang Sixu
Published: April 2020

Transformer state forecasting and fault forecasting are important for the stable operation of power equipment and the normal operation of power systems. Forecasting of the dissolved gas content in oil is widely conducted for transformer faults, but its accuracy is affected by data scale and data characteristics. Based on phase space reconstruction (PSR) and weighted least squares support vector machine (WLSSVM), a forecasting model of time series of dissolved gas content in transformer oil is proposed in this paper. The phase spaces of time series of the dissolved gas content sequence are reconstructed by chaos theory, and the delay time and dimension are obtained by the C-C method. The WLSSVM model is used to forecast time series of dissolved gas content, the chemical reaction optimization (CRO) algorithm is used to optimize training parameters, the bootstrap method is used to build forecasting intervals. Finally, the accuracy and generalization ability of the forecasting model are verified by the analysis of actual case and the comparison of different models.
Air Terminal Devices Developed for Personal Ventilation Systems
Authors: Csáky Imre
Published: April 2020

Using the personal ventilation systems may improve the thermal comfort sensation. At the University of Debrecen, a personal ventilation system was developed named ALTAIR. This paper presents the results of mean air velocity, turbulence grade, and draught measurements related to newly developed air terminal devices which are connected to the ALTAIR personal ventilation system. In order to define the measurement points it was essential to test the new air terminal devices (ATDs) in front of a black wall and smoke puffs. A series of measurements were carried out with isothermal air flow, mean air velocity, turbulence grade, and draught around the occupant head region in order to improve the thermal comfort sensation. Five different ATDs were analyzed.
A Building Energy Management System Based on an Equivalent Electric Circuit Model
Authors: Bianco Giovanni , Bracco Stefano , Delfino Federico , Gambelli Lorenzo , Robba Michela , Rossi Mansueto
Published: April 2020

In recent decades, many EU and national regulations have been issued in order to increase the energy efficiency in different sectors and, consequently, to reduce environmental pollution. In the building sector, energy efficiency interventions are usually based on the use of innovative insulated materials and on the installation of cogeneration and tri-generation units, as well as solar technologies. New and retrofitted buildings are more and more commonly being called “smart buildings”, since they are characterized by the installation of electric and thermal power generation units, energy storage systems, and flexible loads; the presence of such technologies determines the necessity of installing Building Energy Management Systems (BEMSs), which are used to optimally manage their operation. The present paper proposes a BEMS for a smart building, equipped with plants based on renewables (photovoltaics, solar thermal panels, and geothermal heat pump), where the heating and cooling demand are satisfied by a Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning System (HVAC) fed by a geothermal heat pump. The developed BEMS is composed of two different modules: an optimization tool used to optimally manage the HVAC plant, in order to guarantee a desired level of comfort inside rooms, and a simulation tool, based on an equivalent electric circuit model and used to evaluate the thermal dynamic behavior of the building. The paper describes the two modules and shows the main results of the validation phase that has been conducted on a real test-case represented by the Smart Energy Building (SEB) located at the Savona Campus of the University of Genoa, Italy.
Nanostructure Effect on Methane Adsorption Capacity of Shale with Type III Kerogen
Authors: Han Yong , Zhu Yanming , Liu Yu , Wang Yang , Zhang Han , Yu Wenlong
Published: April 2020

This study focuses on the nanostructure of shale samples with type III kerogen and its effect on methane adsorption capacity. The composition, pore size distribution, and methane adsorption capacities of 12 shale samples were analyzed by using the high-pressure mercury injection experiment, low-temperature N2/CO2 adsorption experiments, and the isothermal methane adsorption experiment. The results show that the total organic carbon (TOC) content of the 12 shale samples ranges from 0.70% to ~35.84%. In shales with type III kerogen, clay minerals and organic matter tend to be deposited simultaneously. When the TOC content is higher than 10%, the clay minerals in these shale samples contribute more than 70% of the total inorganic matter. The CO2 adsorption experimental results show that micropores in shales with type III kerogen are mainly formed in organic matter. However, mesopores and macropores are significantly affected by the contents of clay minerals and quartz. The methane isothermal capacity experimental results show that the Langmuir volume, indicating the maximum methane adsorption capacity, of all the shale samples is between 0.78 cm3/g and 9.26 cm3/g. Moreover, methane is mainly adsorbed in micropores and developed in organic matter, whereas the influence of mesopores and macropores on the methane adsorption capacity of shale with type III kerogen is small. At different stages, the influencing factors of methane adsorption capacity are different. When the TOC content is <1.4% or >4.5%, the methane adsorption capacity is positively correlated with the TOC content. When the TOC content is in the range of 1.4–4.5%, clay minerals have obviously positive effects on the methane adsorption capacity.
Experimental and Computational Studies on Superhard Material Rhenium Diboride under Ultrahigh Pressures
Authors: Burrage Kaleb C. , Lin Chia-Min , Chen Wei-Chih , Chen Cheng-Chien , Vohra Yogesh K.
Published: April 2020

An emerging class of superhard materials for extreme environment applications are compounds formed by heavy transition metals with light elements. In this work, ultrahigh pressure experiments on transition metal rhenium diboride (ReB2) were carried out in a diamond anvil cell under isothermal and non-hydrostatic compression. Two independent high-pressure experiments were carried out on ReB2 for the first time up to a pressure of 241 GPa (volume compression V/V0 = 0.731 ± 0.004), with platinum as an internal pressure standard in X-ray diffraction studies. The hexagonal phase of ReB2 was stable under highest pressure, and the anisotropy between the a-axis and c-axis compression increases with pressure to 241 GPa. The measured equation of state (EOS) above the yield stress of ReB2 is well represented by the bulk modulus K0 = 364 GPa and its first pressure derivative K0´ = 3.53. Corresponding density-functional-theory (DFT) simulations of the EOS and elastic constants agreed well with the experimental data. DFT results indicated that ReB2 becomes more ductile with enhanced tendency towards metallic bonding under compression. The DFT results also showed strong crystal anisotropy up to the maximum pressure under study. The pressure-enhanced electron density distribution along the Re and B bond direction renders the material highly incompressible along the c-axis. Our study helps to establish the fundamental basis for anisotropic compression of ReB2 under ultrahigh pressures.
Composition and Orientation of the Core Region of Novel HIV-1 Entry Inhibitors Influences Metabolic Stability
Authors: Karadsheh Rama , Meuser Megan E. , Cocklin Simon
Published: April 2020

Fostemsavir/temsavir is an investigational HIV-1 entry inhibitor currently in late-stage clinical trials. Although it holds promise to be a first-in-class Env-targeted entry inhibitor for the clinic, issues with bioavailability relegate its use to salvage therapies only. As such, the development of a small molecule HIV-1 entry inhibitor that can be used in standard combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) remains a longstanding goal for the field. We previously demonstrated the ability of extending the chemotypes available to this class of inhibitor as the first step towards this overarching goal. In addition to poor solubility, metabolic stability is a crucial determinant of bioavailability. Therefore, in this short communication, we assess the metabolic stabilities of five of our novel chemotype entry inhibitors. We found that changing the piperazine core region of temsavir alters the stability of the compound in human liver microsome assays. Moreover, we identified an entry inhibitor with more than twice the metabolic stability of temsavir and demonstrated that the orientation of the core replacement is critical for this increase. This work further demonstrates the feasibility of our long-term goal—to design an entry inhibitor with improved drug-like qualities—and warrants expanded studies to achieve this.
Discrimination of Gentiana and Its Related Species Using IR Spectroscopy Combined with Feature Selection and Stacked Generalization
Authors: Shen Tao , Yu Hong , Wang Yuan-Zhong
Published: April 2020

Gentiana, which is one of the largest genera of Gentianoideae, most of which had potential pharmaceutical value, and applied to local traditional medical treatment. Because of the phytochemical diversity and difference of bioactive compounds among species, which makes it crucial to accurately identify authentic Gentiana species. In this paper, the feasibility of using the infrared spectroscopy technique combined with chemometrics analysis to identify Gentiana and its related species was studied. A total of 180 batches of raw spectral fingerprints were obtained from 18 species of Gentiana and Tripterospermum by near-infrared (NIR: 10,000–4000 cm−1) and Fourier transform mid-infrared (MIR: 4000–600 cm−1) spectrum. Firstly, principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to explore the natural grouping of the 180 samples. Secondly, random forests (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) models were built while using full spectra (including 1487 NIR variables and 1214 FT-MIR variables, respectively). The MIR-SVM model had a higher classification accuracy rate than the other models that were based on the results of the calibration sets and prediction sets. The five feature selection strategies, VIP (variable importance in the projection), Boruta, GARF (genetic algorithm combined with random forest), GASVM (genetic algorithm combined with support vector machine), and Venn diagram calculation, were used to reduce the dimensions of the data variable in order to further reduce numbers of variables for modeling. Finally, 101 NIR and 73 FT-MIR bands were selected as the feature variables, respectively. Thirdly, stacking models were built based on the optimal spectral dataset. Most of the stacking models performed better than the full spectra-based models. RF and SVM (as base learners), combined with the SVM meta-classifier, was the optimal stacked generalization strategy. For the SG-Ven-MIR-SVM model, the accuracy (ACC) of the calibration set and validation set were both 100%. Sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), efficiency (EFF), Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), and Cohen’s kappa coefficient (K) were all 1, which showed that the model had the optimal authenticity identification performance. Those parameters indicated that stacked generalization combined with feature selection is probably an important technique for improving the classification model predictive accuracy and avoid overfitting. The study result can provide a valuable reference for the safety and effectiveness of the clinical application of medicinal Gentiana.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Binuclear Copper(II)-dipyriamethyrin Complex: [Cu2(dipyriamethyrin)(μ2-1,1-acetato)2]
Authors: Brewster James T. , Root Harrison D. , Zafar Hadiqa , Thiabaud Gregory D. , Sedgwick Adam C. , He Jiaming , Lynch Vincent M. , Sessler Jonathan L.
Published: April 2020

The reaction between dipyriamethyrin and copper(II) acetate [Cu(OAc)2] afforded what is, to our knowledge, the first transition metal-dipyriamethyrin complex. Molecular and electronic characterization of this binuclear Cu(II) complex via EPR, UV-vis, and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed marked differences between the present constructs and previously reported binuclear copper(II) hexaphyrin species. UV-vis titration analyses provided evidence for a homotropic positive allosteric effect, wherein the binuclear species is formed without significant intermediacy of a monomeric complex.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Phenyl Urea Derivatives as IDO1 Inhibitors
Authors: Zhou Chuan , Lai Fangfang , Sheng Li , Chen Xiaoguang , Li Yan , Feng Zhiqiang
Published: April 2020

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a heme-containing intracellular enzyme that catalyzes the first and rate-determining step of tryptophan metabolism and is an important immunotherapeutic target for the treatment of cancer. In this study, we designed and synthesized a new series of compounds as potential IDO1 inhibitors. These compounds were then evaluated for inhibitory activity against IDO1 and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO). Among them, the three phenyl urea derivatives i12, i23, i24 as showed potent IDO1 inhibition, with IC50 values of 0.1–0.6 μM and no compound exhibited TDO inhibitory activity. Using molecular docking, we predicted the binding mode of compound i12 within IDO1. Compound i12 was further investigated by determining its in vivo pharmacokinetic profile and anti-tumor efficacy. The pharmacokinetic study revealed that compound i12 had satisfactory properties in mice, with moderate plasma clearance (22.45 mL/min/kg), acceptable half-life (11.2 h) and high oral bioavailability (87.4%). Compound i12 orally administered at 15 mg/kg daily showed tumor growth inhibition (TGI) of 40.5% in a B16F10 subcutaneous xenograft model and 30 mg/kg daily showed TGI of 34.3% in a PAN02 subcutaneous xenograft model. In addition, the body weight of i12-treated mice showed no obvious reduction compared with the control group. Overall, compound i12 is a potent lead compound for developing IDO1 inhibitors and anti-tumor agents.
New Cysteine Protease Inhibitors: Electrophilic (Het)arenes and Unexpected Prodrug Identification for the Trypanosoma Protease Rhodesain
Authors: Klein Philipp , Johe Patrick , Wagner Annika , Jung Sascha , Kühlborn Jonas , Barthels Fabian , Tenzer Stefan , Distler Ute , Waigel Waldemar , Engels Bernd , Hellmich Ute A. , Opatz Till , Schirmeister Tanja
Published: April 2020

Electrophilic (het)arenes can undergo reactions with nucleophiles yielding π- or Meisenheimer (σ-) complexes or the products of the SNAr addition/elimination reactions. Such building blocks have only rarely been employed for the design of enzyme inhibitors. Herein, we demonstrate the combination of a peptidic recognition sequence with such electrophilic (het)arenes to generate highly active inhibitors of disease-relevant proteases. We further elucidate an unexpected mode of action for the trypanosomal protease rhodesain using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, enzyme kinetics and various types of simulations. After hydrolysis of an ester function in the recognition sequence of a weakly active prodrug inhibitor, the liberated carboxylic acid represents a highly potent inhibitor of rhodesain (Ki = 4.0 nM). The simulations indicate that, after the cleavage of the ester, the carboxylic acid leaves the active site and re-binds to the enzyme in an orientation that allows the formation of a very stable π-complex between the catalytic dyad (Cys-25/His-162) of rhodesain and the electrophilic aromatic moiety. The reversible inhibition mode results because the SNAr reaction, which is found in an alkaline solvent containing a low molecular weight thiol, is hindered within the enzyme due to the presence of the positively charged imidazolium ring of His-162. Comparisons between measured and calculated NMR shifts support this interpretation.