bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neural markers of reduced arousal and consciousness in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Estarellas Mar , Huntley Jonathan , Bor Daniel
Published: June 2024

Objectives

People with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) experience changes in their level and content of consciousness, but there is little research on biomarkers of consciousness in pre‐clinical AD and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). This study investigated whether levels of consciousness are decreased in people with MCI.

Methods

A multi‐site site magnetoencephalography (MEG) dataset, BIOFIND, comprising 83 people with MCI and 83 age matched controls, was analysed. Arousal (and drowsiness) was assessed by computing the theta‐alpha ratio (TAR). The Lempel‐Ziv algorithm (LZ) was used to quantify the information content of brain activity, with higher LZ values indicating greater complexity and potentially a higher level of consciousness.

Results

LZ was lower in the MCI group versus controls, indicating a reduced level of consciousness in MCI. TAR was higher in the MCI group versus controls, indicating a reduced level of arousal (i.e. increased drowsiness) in MCI. LZ was also found to be correlated with mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) scores, suggesting an association between cognitive impairment and level of consciousness in people with MCI.

Conclusions

A decline in consciousness and arousal can be seen in MCI. As cognitive impairment worsens, measured by MMSE scores, levels of consciousness and arousal decrease. These findings highlight how monitoring consciousness using biomarkers could help understand and manage impairments found at the preclinical stages of AD. Further research is needed to explore markers of consciousness between people who progress from MCI to dementia and those who do not, and in people with moderate and severe AD, to promote person‐centred care.
Pharmacy‐led optimization of transitions of care in patients with heart failure
Authors: Fallon Julianne M. , McElhaney Emily , Anderson Keith , Lewis Daniel A. , Williams J. Bradley
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Effective transitional care for patients with heart failure is essential to ensure optimal utilization of guideline‐directed medical therapy. Clinical pharmacists and specially trained pharmacy technicians have unique skillsets that enable them to improve care transitions.

Objectives

To evaluate the implementation of a comprehensive pharmacy transitions of care program in an acute heart failure population.

Methods

A retrospective, single center, single‐arm study evaluating pharmacy‐delivered transitions of care services (admission and discharge medication reconciliation, medication cost assessment, medication counseling, bedside delivery of discharge medications, and post‐discharge phone calls) for patients discharged from the heart failure service. The primary outcome was the completion rate of transitions of care services. Secondary outcomes included the medication intervention rate and types of interventions made, medication classes assessed for cost, discharge medication prescription captured, and 30‐day all‐cause readmissions.

Results

Five hundred and ninety‐five patients were eligible for the transitions of care program. Admission and discharge medication reconciliations were completed in 68.1% and 92.1% of patients, respectively. Medication cost assessments were completed for 39.8% of patients. Heart failure medication counseling prior to discharge was completed for 83.9% of patients. Discharge prescription capture rate was 56.5% and bedside prescription delivery was provided for 27.8% of patients. The discharge medication reconciliation intervention rate was 37.4%, with the most common intervention being dose adjustment. Post‐discharge outreach was conducted for 229 patients, with education provided for 69.4% and an intervention rate of 43.7%. The 30‐day all‐cause readmission rate was lower for patients on the heart failure service compared with the institution (10.1% vs 16.5%).

Conclusion

High rates of completion and utilization were identified after the implementation of a comprehensive pharmacy transitions of care program. Utilization of clinical pharmacists and pharmacy technicians during transitions of care improved medication access, patient education, and reduced medication‐related problems.
Identifying the risk of depression in a large sample of adolescents: An artificial neural network based on random forest
Authors: Zhou Yue , Zhang Xuelian , Gong Jian , Wang Tingwei , Gong Linlin , Li Kaida , Wang Yanni
Published: June 2024

Background

This study aims to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) prediction model incorporating random forest (RF) screening ability for predicting the risk of depression in adolescents and identifies key risk factors to provide a new approach for primary care screening of depression among adolescents.

Methods

The data were from a large cross‐sectional study conducted in China from July to September 2021, enrolling 8635 adolescents aged 10–17 with their parents. We used the Patient health questionnaire (PHQ‐9) to rate adolescent depression symptoms, using scales and single‐item questions to collect demographic information and other variables. Initial model variables screening used the RF importance assessment, followed by building prediction model using the screened variables through the ANN.

Results

The rate of depression symptoms in adolescents was 24.6%, and the depression risk prediction model was built based on 70% of the training set and 30% of the test set. Ten variables were included in the final prediction model with a model accuracy of 85.03%, AUC of 0.892, specificity of 89.79%, and sensitivity of 70.81%. The top 10 significant factors of depression risk were adolescent rumination, adolescent self‐esteem, adolescent mobile phone addiction, peer victimization, care in parenting styles, overprotection in parenting styles, academic pressure, conflict in parent–child relationship, parental rumination, and relationship between parents.

Conclusions

The ANN model based on the RF effectively identifies depression risk in adolescents and provides a methodological reference for large‐scale primary screening. Cross‐sectional studies and single‐item scales limit further improvements in model accuracy.
Sodium‐Glucose Cotransporter‐2 Inhibitor Suppresses Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Nephropathy Through Nrf2 Signaling: A Clinical and Experimental Study
Authors: Prasad Murali Krishna , Victor Paul S. , Ganesh Goutham V. , Juttada Udayama , Kumpatla Satyavani , Viswanathan Vijay , Ramkumar Kunka Mohanram
Published: June 2024

Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a severe complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is marked by heightened endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and oxidative stress (OS) due to protein misfolding and free radical generation. We investigated the sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), canagliflozin (Cana), in alleviating ERS and OS in DN patients and THP‐1 cells under hyperglycemic condition. A total of 120 subjects were divided into four groups, with 30 subjects in each group: healthy controls, T2DM individuals, DN patients receiving standard treatment, and those treated with Cana. The control group had no history of diabetes, cardiovascular or renal diseases, or other comorbidities. Cana was administered at doses of either 100 or 300 mg per day based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) value of DN individuals, with a mean follow‐up of 6 months. Additionally, THP‐1 monocytes were exposed to HGM (33.3 mM glucose with a cytokine cocktail of TNF‐α and IFN‐γ at 50 ng/mL each) to evaluate the relative levels of ERS, OS markers, and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), the transcription factor regulating cellular redox, which is downregulated in diabetes. Our results revealed that ERS markers GRP78 and PERK, as well as OS markers TXNIP and p22phox, were elevated in both DN patients and HGM‐treated THP‐1 monocytes and were reduced by Cana intervention. Furthermore, Cana regulated the phosphorylation of Nrf2, Akt, and EIF2α in HGM‐treated monocytes. In conclusion, our findings highlight the role of Cana in activating Nrf2, thereby attenuating ERS and OS to mitigate DN progression.
Potential drug–drug interactions analysis in Polish pediatric pneumonology units, including cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: Adamiszak Arkadiusz , Drobińska Julia , Wojsyk‐Banaszak Irena , Grześkowiak Edmund , Bienert Agnieszka
Published: June 2024

The lack of data on drug–drug interactions in pediatrics represents a relevant problem in making appropriate therapeutic decisions. Our study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors for potential drug–drug interactions (pDDIs) in pediatric pneumonology units, including cystic fibrosis patients. We performed a 6‐month prospective observational study during which clinical pharmacists, using the Lexicomp Drug Interactions checker, screened medical records to identify pDDIs. Spearman's rank coefficient, logistic regression, and the Mann–Whitney U test were used to identify correlations, analyze risk factors for pDDIs, and compare cystic fibrosis patients with the rest, respectively. Recommendations were provided for the D and X pDDIs categories. Within the 218 patients, 428 pDDIs were identified, out of which 237 were classified as clinically significant. Almost 60% of patients were exposed to at least one relevant interaction. The number of pDDIs correlated with the number of; drugs (rs = 0.53, P <  .001), hospitalization length (rs = 0.20, P <  .01), and off‐label medicines (rs = 0.25, P <  .001). According to the multivariate analysis, at least 6 administered medications (OR = 4.15; 95% CI = 2.21‐7.78), 4 days of hospitalization (OR = 6.41; 95% CI = 2.29‐17.97), and off‐label therapy (OR = 3.37; 95% CI = 1.69‐6.70) were the risk factor for pDDIs. Despite significant differences in the number of medications taken, comorbidities, and off‐label drugs, cystic fibrosis patients were not more exposed to pDDI. Given the lack of data on pDDIs in the pediatric population, the need for close cooperation between clinicians and clinical pharmacists to improve the safety and efficacy of pharmacotherapy is highlighted.
Osseous metaplasia of the endometrium—pre‐ and post‐hysteroscopy imaging findings in a hemiuterus: A case report
Authors: Borthakur Kakoly
Published: June 2024

Endometrial osseous metaplasia (EOM) is a rare condition characterized by abnormal bone formation in the endometrium. This acts as a foreign body in the uterus. The commonest clinical presentation is secondary infertility. Transvaginal ultrasonography is the mainstay of first‐line diagnosis. Hysteroscopy confirms the diagnosis and aids in complete removal. Diagnosis of this condition is crucial as post‐treatment fertility outcomes are good. This case highlights the importance of three‐dimensional ultrasonography before infertility treatment and after hysteroscopic removal of osseous metaplasia to look for reactive endometrial polyps which may interfere with the embryo implantation and spontaneous conception altering the post‐surgical fertility outcome.
The Association Between Medicaid Expansion and Disparities in Vestibular Schwannoma Incidence
Authors: Homer Alexander S. , Kasthuri Viknesh S. , Homer Benjamin J. , Jain Rishubh , Gall Emily K. , Noonan Kathryn Y.
Published: June 2024

Objectives

The effect of Medicaid expansion as a part of the Affordable Care Act on vestibular schwannoma (VS) incidence overall and in marginalized populations has not yet been elucidated. The goal of this study was to determine if Medicaid expansion was associated with increases in VS incidence overall, as well as in patients of non‐white race or in counties of low socioeconomic status (SES).

Methods

We performed a difference‐in‐difference (DiD) analysis from January 1st 2010–December 31st 2017 utilizing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Our DiD method compared the change in VS rate between counties that did and did not expand Medicaid among patients of white and non‐white race, in low and high SES counties, before and after expansion.

Results

The study included 17,312 cases across 1020 counties. Medicaid expansion was associated with a 15% increase (incidence rate ratio 95% CI: [11%, 19]) in VS incidence. White populations saw a 10% increase (CI: [1.06, 1.19]), Black populations saw a 20% increase (CI: [1.10, 1.29]), and patients of other races saw a 44% increase in incidence associated with expansion (CI: [1.21, 1.70]). Low SES counties saw an increase in incidence 1.12 times higher than that of high SES counties (CI:[1.04, 1.20]).

Conclusion

Medicaid expansion was associated with increases in VS incidence across populations. Furthermore, this increase was more evident in disadvantaged populations, such as patients of non‐white race and those from low SES counties. These findings emphasize the impact of Medicaid expansion on healthcare utilization for VS diagnosis.

Level of Evidence

3—Retrospective Cohort Study Laryngoscope, 134:4383–4388, 2024
Sediment transportation by strong winds over Gobi surfaces: Field observations along the Lanzhou–Xinjiang high‐speed railway
Authors: Wang Tao , Liu Benli , Niu Qinghe , Tan Lihai , Qu Jianjun , Niu Baicheng , Yin Daiying
Published: June 2024

Under strong wind action over vast Gobi surfaces, eolian transportation can cause significant environmental problems and infrastructural damage. However, scientific understanding of the underlying mechanisms and dynamics of this process in the Gobi region remains limited. To address this gap, our study focused on investigating eolian transportation over the Gobi surface along the Lanzhou–Xinjiang high‐speed railway (LXHSR) in Northwest China, where strong winds are prevalent. The results indicate that sand transportation heights can reach 9 m in this region, with the saltation layer approximately 3–6 times higher than that of other gravel deserts. The sediment flux density over the Gobi surface exhibited an exponential decrease with increasing elevation; however, the grain‐size vertical profile in wind‐blown sand displayed an increase up to a critical altitude, followed by a decrease with height. The annual eolian transported quantity recorded in this region exceeds that of most deserts worldwide. Notably, fine sand and total suspended particulates (TSP) contributed to approximately 90% of the sediment deposited on railway tracks and drawn in by passing trains. To control transportation of these fine particles, we propose increasing the height of sand‐blocking fences within the current railway wind‐blown sand protection system from 2 to 3 m. Simultaneously, anthropogenic damage to the Gobi surface should be minimized to reduce excessive dust release. This study provides insight into the wind‐blown sand movement mechanism over the Gobi surface under strong winds, and the eolian physics parameters revealed may serve as a theoretical foundation for preventing and managing eolian catastrophes along the Lanzhou–Xinjiang high‐speed railway.
On orbits of automorphism groups on horospherical varieties
Authors: Borovik Viktoriia , Gaifullin Sergey , Shafarevich Anton
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we describe orbits of the automorphism group on an affine horospherical variety in terms of degrees of homogeneous with respect to natural grading locally nilpotent derivations. In case of (possibly nonnormal) toric varieties, a description of orbits of the automorphism group in terms of corresponding weight monoid is obtained.
Merging σ‐Bond Metathesis with Polymerization Catalysis: Insights into Rare‐Earth Metal Complexes, End‐Group Functionalization, and Application Prospects
Authors: Adams Friederike
Published: June 2024

Polymers with well‐defined structures, synthesized through metal‐catalyzed processes, and having end groups exhibiting different polarity and reactivity than the backbone, are gaining considerable attention in both scientific and industrial communities. These polymers show potential applications as fundamental building blocks and additives in the creation of innovative functional materials. Investigations are directed toward identifying the most optimal and uncomplicated synthetic approach by employing a combination of living coordination polymerization mediated by rare‐earth metal complexes and C–H bond activation reaction by σ‐bond metathesis. This combination directly yields catalysts with diverse functional groups from a single precursor, enabling the production of terminal‐functionalized polymers without the need for sequential reactions, such as termination reactions. The utilization of this innovative methodology allows for precise control over end‐group functionalities, providing a versatile approach to tailor the properties and applications of the resulting polymers. This perspective discusses the principles, challenges, and potential advancements associated with this synthetic strategy, highlighting its significance in advancing the interface of metalorganic chemistry, polymer chemistry, and materials science.
Stable and Durable Superhydrophobic Cotton Fabrics Prepared via a Simple 1,4‐Conjugate Addition Reaction for Ultrahigh Efficient Oil–Water Separation
Authors: Wu Wanze , Miao Shiwei , Gong Xiao
Published: June 2024

Superhydrophobic materials used for oil–water separation have received wide attention. However, the simple and low‐cost strategy for making durable superhydrophobic materials remains a major challenge. Here, this work reports that stable and durable superhydrophobic cotton fabrics can be prepared using a simple two‐step impregnation process. Silica nanoparticles are surface modified by hydrolysis condensation of 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS). 1,4‐conjugate addition reaction between the acrylic group of cross‐linking agent pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) and the amino group of octadecylamine (ODA) forms a covalent cross‐linked rough network structure. The long hydrophobic chain of ODA makes the cotton fabric exhibit excellent superhydrophobic properties, and the water contact angle (WCA) of the fabric surface reaches 158°. The modified cotton fabric has good physical and chemical stability, self‐cleaning, and anti‐fouling. At the same time, the modified fabric shows excellent oil/water separation efficiency (98.16% after 20 cycles) and ultrahigh separation flux (15413.63 L m−2 h−1) due to its superhydrophobicity, superoleophilicity, and inherent porous structure. The method provides a broad prospect in the future diversification applications of oil/water separation and oil spill cleaning.
Increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome in female patients with overactive bladder: A population‐based study
Authors: Anis Omer , Cohen Arnon Dov , Aharony Shachar , Kitrey Noam D. , Dotan Idit , Shenhar Chen , Comaneshter Doron , Beckenstein Tanya , Yaron Shlomit
Published: June 2024

Objectives

To assess the association between overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Patients and Methods

A population‐based study was conducted to compare OAB patients with age‐, sex‐ and ethnicity‐matched control subjects regarding the prevalence of the parameters of the MetS, with respect to obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The characteristics of the OAB population were assessed. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) were calculated by logistic regression.

Results

110 024 OAB patients and 220 455 controls. were identified. OAB was associated with a higher prevalence of MetS (35.4% vs. 27.5%, p < 0.001). The fully adjusted OR for MetS in patients with OAB compared to controls was 1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42−1.46; p < 0.001. Among metabolic parameters, obesity was found to be the strongest factor associated with OAB (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.53−1.58, p < 0.001), and higher high‐density lipoprotein cholesterole levels (>50) had a protective effect on the risk of OAB (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.73−0.76, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Data from this cohort suggest that OAB is positively associated with MetS. Clinicians approaching patients with OAB should be aware of this association. A multimodal treatment focusing on the MetS may be considered in these patients.
Impact of different matrix systems on mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composites
Authors: Wang Dan , Hu Shi , Vecernik Josef , Kremenakova Dana , Militky Jiri , Novotna Jana
Published: June 2024

Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite is one of the most important composite materials in the world. Many researchers have conducted a lot of research on epoxy resin matrix systems in recent years, mainly to improve the problem with the short curing time of the matrix system and epoxy resin's high viscosity. The final aim is to enhance various aspects of composites' performance and optimize the production process. A new type of water dispersed epoxy resin matrix system is investigated in this paper and the target is to optimize the mechanical, thermal, and electrical performances of the composites with the water dispersed epoxy resin matrix by varying different doping particles and different resin/catalyst ratios. Through a series of experiments, it is evident that varying the ratio of resin to catalyst in the matrix system will not significantly improve the mechanical as well as thermal properties of the composites. However, increasing the amount of catalyst in the matrix system can greatly improve the electrical properties of its composite samples. In addition to this, the addition of doping particles to the matrix systems has the effect of slightly enhancing the tensile modulus, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity of their composites.

Highlights

A new water‐dispersed epoxy resin matrix system improves processing technology.

Increasing amount of catalyst in the matrix system improves electrical resistivity.

Adding particles to matrix systems has a slight effect on different properties.
Picosecond Laser Processing of Hierarchical Micro–Nanostructures on Titanium Alloy upon Pre‐ and Postanodization: Morphological, Structural, and Chemical Effects
Authors: Voss Heike , Knigge Xenia , Knapic Dominik , Weise Matthias , Sahre Mario , Hertwig Andreas , Sacco Alessio , Rossi Andrea Mario , Radnik Jörg , Müller Kai , Wasmuth Karsten , Krüger Jörg , Hassel Achim Walter , Hodoroaba Vasile‐Dan , Bonse Jörn
Published: June 2024

Recent publications indicate that the order of electrochemical anodization (before or after the laser processing step) plays an important role for the response of bone‐forming osteoblasts—an effect that can be utilized for improving permanent dental or removable bone implants. For exploring these different surface functionalities, multimethod morphological, structural, and chemical characterizations are performed in combination with electrochemical pre‐ and postanodization for two different characteristic microspikes covered by nanometric laser‐induced periodic surface structures on Ti–6Al–4V upon irradiation with near‐infrared ps‐laser pulses (1030 nm wavelength, ≈1 ps pulse duration, 67 and 80 kHz pulse repetition frequency) at two distinct sets of laser fluence and beam scanning parameters. This work involves morphological and topographical investigations by scanning electron microscopy and white light interference microscopy, structural material examinations via X‐ray diffraction, and micro‐Raman spectroscopy, as well as near‐surface chemical analyses by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and hard X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results allow to qualify the mean laser ablation depth, assess the spike geometry and surface roughness parameters, and provide new detailed insights into the near‐surface oxidation that may affect the different cell growth behavior for pre‐ or postanodized medical implants.
Curcumin suppresses colorectal cancer by induction of ferroptosis via regulation of p53 and solute carrier family 7 member 11/glutathione/glutathione peroxidase 4 signaling axis
Authors: Ming Tianqi , Lei Jiarong , Peng Yuhui , Wang Minmin , Liang Yuanjing , Tang Shun , Tao Qiu , Wang Muqing , Tang Xiaomeng , He Ziyu , Liu Xiaohong , Xu Haibo
Published: June 2024

Driven by iron‐dependent lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis is regulated by p53 and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11)/glutathione/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) axis in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to investigate the influence of curcumin (CUR) on ferroptosis in CRC. The efficacies of CUR on the malignant phenotype of CRC cells were determined by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, wound healing, and clonogenic assays. The effects of CUR on ferroptosis of CRC cells were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, lactate dehydrogenase release assay, Fe2+ staining, and analyses of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxide, malondialdehyde, and glutathione levels. CUR's targets in ferroptosis were predicted by network pharmacological study and molecular docking. With SW620 xenograft tumors, the efficacy of CUR on CRC was investigated, and the effects of CUR on ferroptosis were assessed by detection of Fe2+, malondialdehyde, and glutathione levels. The effects of CUR on expressions of p53, SLC7A11, and GPX4 in CRC cells and tumors were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. CUR suppressed the proliferation, migration, and clonogenesis of CRC cells and xenograft tumor growth by causing ferroptosis, with enhanced lactate dehydrogenase release and Fe2+, reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxide, and malondialdehyde levels, but attenuated glutathione level in CRC. In silico study indicated that CUR may bind p53, SLC7A11, and GPX4, consolidated by that CUR heightened p53 but attenuated SLC7A11 and GPX4 mRNA and protein levels in CRC. CUR may exert an inhibitory effect on CRC by inducing ferroptosis via regulation of p53 and SLC7A11/glutathione/GPX4 axis.
Ensemble forecasting: A foray of dynamics into the realm of statistics
Authors: Feng Jie , Toth Zoltan , Zhang Jing , Peña Malaquias
Published: June 2024

Uncertain quantities are often described through statistical samples. Can samples for numerical weather forecasts be generated dynamically? At a great expense, they can. With statistically constrained perturbations, a cloud of initial states is created and then integrated forward in time. By now, this technique has become ubiquitous in weather and climate research and operations. Ensembles are widely used, with demonstrated value. The atmosphere evolves in a multidimensional phase space. Does a cloud of ensemble solutions encompass the evolution of the real atmosphere? Theoretically, random perturbations in high‐dimensional spaces have negligible projection in any direction, including the error in the best estimate, therefore consistently degrading that. As the bulk of the perturbation variance lies in the null space of error, samples in multidimensional space do not contain reality. An evaluation suggests that initial and short‐range forecast error and ensemble perturbations are random draws from a high‐dimensional domain we call the subspace of possible error. Error in any initial condition is partly a result of stochastic observational and assimilation noise, while perturbations explore other, mostly independent directions from the subspace of possible error that may have resulted from other configurations of stochastic noise. What benefits may arise from the deterministic projection of such noise? Consistent with theoretical expectations, ensemble members consistently degrade the skill of the unperturbed forecast until medium range. The mean and all other products derived from ensembles suffer an 18‐hour loss in forecast Information. Since Information is a sufficient statistic, any rational user can benefit more from the unperturbed, than from an ensemble of weather forecasts. Furthermore, case‐dependent variations in the distribution or spread of ensembles have no impact on commonly used metrics. Can alternative, statistical applications provide comparable, or even higher‐quality probabilistic and other products, at the fraction of the cost of running an ensemble?
A comparative study of analytical representations of potential energy curves for CO in its ground electronic state
Authors: Araújo Judith P. , Lugão Isadora G. , Silva Rafael P. , Martins Mariana P. , Okon Ituen B. , Onate Clement A.
Published: June 2024

In this work, a comparative study of four functional forms used to represent potential energy curves (PECs) is presented. The starting point is the Hulburt‐Hirschfelder, followed by the Extended Rydberg potential function, ending with two of the most recent potentials presented in the literature for diatomic systems: the Araújo‐Ballester potential and the Improved Extended Lennard‐Jones potential. The chosen potentials have in common the fact that all their parameters are algebraically calculated, without any fitting procedure, and all of them have direct dependence on Dunham's parameters. The mathematical behavior of these functions for the short‐ and long‐range regions is discussed. As study case, the diatomic system in its ground electronic state was selected. To quantify the accuracy of the potential energy functions, the least‐squares Z‐test method, proposed by Murrell and Sorbie, is used. Furthermore, the main spectroscopic constants and vibrational energy levels are calculated and compared for all potentials.
Diatom Chaetoceros Sp. as an Efficient Biological Antidote in Iron Toxicity: In‐Vitro and In‐Vivo Experiments
Authors: Janahmadi Zeinab , Talebi Shadi , Farjadian Fatemeh , Momeni Safieh
Published: June 2024

All living organisms require mineral iron, but excess iron can lead to the production of free radicals and organ damage, such as liver damage in humans. This study investigated the diatom Chaetoceros sp. as an iron adsorbent in iron overload. First, the morphology and chemical composition of the diatom was characterized by spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. It was defined that diatoms have spherical particles with an average size of less than 2.0 μm. The affinity of diatoms for ionic Fe (II) uptake was evaluated. Fe (II) adsorption capacity was determined in vitro in two simulated intestinal and gastric aqueous media with pH values of 7.2 and 1.2. In both media, the diatom acted as a super‐adsorbent of Fe (II), while the highest adsorption occurred in a medium with a pH of 1.2. The correlation of the adsorption isotherm data was well studied with three well‐known equations, Langmuir, Fruindlich, and Redlich‐Peterson. The Langmuir model fitted the adsorption data best. The pseudo‐first‐order reaction model also provided a good fit for the adsorption kinetic data. In the in vivo study, the diatom was administered to iron‐overloaded rats. Biochemical parameters of organ damage and plasma Fe levels were determined at 2 h and 24 h intervals after diatom administration. The results show that diatoms can prevent acute iron poisoning by reducing plasma levels. Diatoms proved to be potent antidote agents in iron overdose conditions.
Wood‐Structured Nanomaterials as Highly Efficient, Self‐Standing Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting
Authors: Huang Jianlin , Shi Zhikai , Mao Chengwei , Yang Gaixiu , Chen Yan
Published: June 2024

Electrocatalytic water splitting (EWS) driven by renewable energy is widely considered an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach for generating hydrogen (H2), an ideal energy carrier for the future. However, the efficiency and economic viability of large‐scale water electrolysis depend on electrocatalysts that can efficiently accelerate the electrochemical reactions taking place at the two electrodes. Wood‐derived nanomaterials are well‐suited for serving as EWS catalysts because of their hierarchically porous structure with high surface area and low tortuosity, compositional tunability, cost‐effectiveness, and self‐standing integral electrode configuration. Here, recent advancements in the design and synthesis of wood‐structured nanomaterials serving as advanced electrocatalysts for water splitting are summarized. First, the design principles and corresponding strategies toward highly effective wood‐structured electrocatalysts (WSECs) are emphasized. Then, a comprehensive overview of current findings on WSECs, encompassing diverse structural designs and functionalities such as supported‐metal nanoparticles (NPs), single‐atom catalysts (SACs), metal compounds, and heterostructured electrocatalysts based on engineered wood hosts are presented. Subsequently, the application of these WSECs in various aspects of water splitting, including the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), overall water splitting (OWS), and hybrid water electrolysis (HWE) are explored. Finally, the prospects, challenges, and opportunities associated with the broad application of WSECs are briefly discussed. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the ongoing developments in water‐splitting catalysts, along with outlining design principles for the future development of WSECs.
Multifold Fermions Boosted Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Catalysis in Cubic Palladium Bronze LaPd3S4
Authors: Li Yang , Gong Jialin , Wang Xiaotian
Published: June 2024

Topological materials are currently considered excellent catalysts for heterogeneous processes because of their surface metallic states and excellent carrier mobility. This work will show that cubic palladium bronze LaPd3S4 is an ideal topological material with multifold fermions, Fermi arcs on the (001) surface, and high catalytic performance for electrochemical hydrogen evolution reactions (HER). A direct correlation has been discovered between the position of the multifold fermions (related to the Fermi level) and Gibbs free energy (ΔGH*). Moreover, by applying the vertical electric field and uniaxial strain to the LaPd3S4, the multifold fermions disappear, and the |ΔGH*| increases, weakening the HER activity. This correlation establishes a clear connection between increased catalytic performance and topological states and fully elucidates the underlying process in topological catalysis.
Catalytic ozonation of reverse osmosis membrane concentrates by catalytic ozonation: Properties and mechanisms
Authors: Sun Wenquan , Cheng Yueqian , Xiao Zhiqiang , Zhou Jun , Shah Kinjal J. , Sun Yongjun
Published: June 2024

Ni‐Mn@KL ozone catalyst was prepared for the efficient treatment of reverse osmosis membrane concentrates. The working conditions and reaction mechanism of the ozone‐catalyzed oxidation by Ni‐Mn@KL were systematically studied. Then, a comprehensive CRITIC weighting–coupling coordination evaluation model was established. Ni‐Mn@KL was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, BET, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy‐dispersive spectrometry, and X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry and found to have large specific surface area and homogeneous surface dispersion of striped particles. Under the optimum working conditions with an initial pH of 7.9 (raw water), a reaction height‐to‐diameter ratio of 10:1, an ozone‐aeration intensity of 0.3 L/min, and a catalyst filling rate of 10%, the maximum COD removal rate was 60.5%. Free‐radical quenching experiments showed that OH oxidation played a dominant role in the Ni‐Mn@KL‐catalyzed ozone‐oxidation system, and the reaction system conformed to the second‐order reaction kinetics law. Ni‐Mn@KL catalysts were further confirmed to have good catalytic performance and mechanical performance after repeated utilization.

Practitioner Points

Ni‐Mn@KL catalyst can achieve effective treatment of RO film concentrated liquid.

High COD removal rate of RO membrane concentrated liquid was obtained at low cost.

Ni‐Mn@KL catalyst promotes ozone decomposition to produce ·OH and O2−· oxidized organic matter.

The Ni‐Mn@KL catalyst can maintain good stability after repeated use.

A CRITIC weight–coupling coordination model was established to evaluate the catalytic ozonation.
Decided Return and Reintegration in a Post-Conflict Society
Authors: Ibričević Aida
Published: June 2024

The people my study attempts to understand are part of a small cohort in absolute terms, and particularly small relative to the staggering numbers of people either leaving or trying to leave Bosnia and Herzegovina. Their return is voluntary because each study participant could stay in the host state, as most of them have also attained full citizenship status. There was also no direct political, economic, social, or family pressure for them to return, and they were not part of an assisted return program. They are of full working age, still in the process of building a retirement nest egg and thus, the decision to return to Bosnia and Herzegovina entailed a considerable amount of financial risk. The circumstances of their departure from BiH were, most times, violent and traumatic, while their years of life as a refugee in the host state were filled with other kinds of struggle. However, at the time of their return, they are no longer refugees. After gaining citizenship of the host state and managing to re-build their shattered lives abroad, they decide to come back. This chapter attempts to understand why and what happens to them later on?
The Emotional Dimension of BiH Citizenship
Authors: Ibričević Aida
Published: June 2024

The argument presented in my study is that the motivation to return to a post-conflict society, like Bosnia and Herzegovina, given a viable alternative of livelihood and successful integration abroad is primarily emotional. This premise makes the returnees particularly sensitive to the emotional experience of citizenship and therefore, their understanding of “citizenship as feeling” is expected to be particularly pronounced, nuanced and diversified. In addition, most of the participants are dual citizens, and as such, they are in a position to compare their emotional experiences, or lack thereof, of both home and host state citizenships. Emotional citizenship relies heavily on citizenship as practice (Wood, 2013), that is on the daily experience of citizenship (Nyers, 2007), so for analytical purposes, the concept of “emotional citizenship” is defined as the area of intersection between the daily experience of citizenship and an emotional response. Some examples of the daily experiences of citizenship discussed with the returnees include remembering events from BiH’s recent past and the 1992–95 war; experiencing commemorations of genocide and war atrocities, seeing the BiH flag or hearing the BiH national anthem; using the BiH passport at border controls; attempting to resolve an administrative issue; voting; or paying taxes to the BiH government. The overarching research questions this chapter aims to answer are: What understanding do return migrants have of the ‘emotional dimension of BiH citizenship’? Which specific emotions do they associate with citizenship?
Connecting the Dots: Conceptual Model
Authors: Ibričević Aida
Published: June 2024

After presenting a wealth of empirical material to illustrate the complexity of observed social reality, which often includes conflicting and puzzling elements, the question emerges: is there some unifying pattern that could produce an overall explanation, re-storying the data “into a framework that makes sense” (Creswell, 2007, p.56)? This chapter aspires to provide the “intellectual satisfaction” (Blaikie, 2010, p. 71), promised by qualitative research by presenting a lower-level abstraction conceptual model as a response to the main theoretical problem. On a conceptual level, my study tackles the creation of a nexus between voluntary return migration, citizenship, home, belonging and a set of specific ‘political’ emotions. When laying out the foundation for my contribution, I defined the theoretical problem; reviewed the existing literature(s) to examine how the relevant concepts have been explored previously; and I identified the research gaps. The research design of my study operates within the interpretivist paradigm, which requires the researcher not only to observe social reality, but to understand and interpret it. This chapter aims to deliver an empathetic understanding, the Weberian notion ofVerstehen, by offering a solution to the central theoretical problem.
LUZP1 regulates the maturation of contractile actomyosin bundles
Authors: Wang Liang , Tsang Hoi Ying , Yan Ziyi , Tojkander Sari , Ciuba Katarzyna , Kogan Konstantin , Liu Xiaonan , Zhao Hongxia
Published: June 2024

Contractile actomyosin bundles play crucial roles in various physiological processes, including cell migration, morphogenesis, and muscle contraction. The intricate assembly of actomyosin bundles involves the precise alignment and fusion of myosin II filaments, yet the underlying mechanisms and factors involved in these processes remain elusive. Our study reveals that LUZP1 plays a central role in orchestrating the maturation of thick actomyosin bundles. Loss of LUZP1 caused abnormal cell morphogenesis, migration, and the ability to exert forces on the environment. Importantly, knockout of LUZP1 results in significant defects in the concatenation and persistent association of myosin II filaments, severely impairing the assembly of myosin II stacks. The disruption of these processes in LUZP1 knockout cells provides mechanistic insights into the defective assembly of thick ventral stress fibers and the associated cellular contractility abnormalities. Overall, these results significantly contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanism involved in actomyosin bundle formation and highlight the essential role of LUZP1 in this process.
Schnelle Hilfen für Betroffene von akuter Gewalt – aktuelle Versorgung in Traumaambulanzen in Deutschland
Authors: Giesmann Marc , Flatten-Whitehead Isabella , Specht Lina , Fegert Jörg M. , Schellong Julia , Rassenhofer Miriam , Schäfer Ingo
Published: June 2024

Hintergrund

Hilfen nach akuter Gewalt wurden bislang durch das Opferentschädigungsgesetz (OEG) geregelt. Zu Beginn des laufenden Jahres wurde es durch das Sozialgesetzbuch XIV (SGB XIV) abgelöst. Durch das SGB XIV werden neue Gruppen von Leistungsberechtigten definiert, Traumaambulanzen müssen flächendeckend vorgehalten werden und es wurden verbindliche Kriterien für die Qualität der Versorgung festgelegt. Die vorliegende Untersuchung hatte zum Ziel, den aktuellen Stand der Versorgung in Traumaambulanzen nach den Vorgaben des neuen SGB XIV abzubilden. In Bezug auf neue Leistungsberechtigte wurde exemplarisch der Stand der Angebote für Betroffene von Menschenhandel erfasst.

Methodik

Ambulanzen, die Schnelle Hilfe nach dem OEG bzw. SGB XIV anbieten, wurden zu strukturellen und inhaltlichen Aspekten ihrer Arbeit befragt. Dabei kam ein Online-Survey zum Einsatz, der aus 10 thematischen Modulen bestand. Es konnten Daten von insgesamt N = 110 Ambulanzen erhalten werden (Rücklaufquote 50 %).

Ergebnisse

Die teilnehmenden Ambulanzen berichteten eine breite Spannweite in Bezug auf die Anzahl der dort Beschäftigten und die Anzahl der Ratsuchenden. Bei einem Teil der Ambulanzen zeigten sich Defizite in Bezug auf strukturelle Aspekte wie die Wartezeit bis zum Erstgespräch und spezifische traumatherapeutische Fortbildungen beim Personal. In Bezug auf den Umgang mit Betroffenen von Menschenhandel bestand beim überwiegenden Teil der Ambulanzen Unsicherheit.

Diskussion

Traumaambulanzen scheinen ihre Zielpopulation zu erreichen und angemessene Angebote zu deren Versorgung vorzuhalten. Allerdings weist ein bedeutsamer Teil der Ambulanzen Nachbesserungsbedarf auf, um die Qualitätskriterien des SGB XIV zu erfüllen und neue Gruppen von Leistungsberechtigten angemessen zu versorgen.
New insights into aflatoxin B1 mechanistic toxicology in cattle liver: an integrated approach using molecular docking and biological evaluation in CYP1A1 and CYP3A74 knockout BFH12 cell lines
Authors: Iori Silvia , Lahtela-Kakkonen Maija , D’Onofrio Caterina , Maietti Federica , Mucignat Greta , Bardhi Anisa , Barbarossa Andrea , Zaghini Anna , Pauletto Marianna , Dacasto Mauro , Giantin Mery
Published: June 2024

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a pro-carcinogenic compound bioactivated in the liver by cytochromes P450 (CYPs). In mammals, CYP1A and CYP3A are responsible for AFB1 metabolism, with the formation of the genotoxic carcinogens AFB1-8,9-epoxide and AFM1, and the detoxified metabolite AFQ1. Due to climate change, AFB1 cereals contamination arose in Europe. Thus, cattle, as other farm animals fed with grains (pig, sheep and broiler), are more likely exposed to AFB1 via feed with consequent release of AFM1 in milk, posing a great concern to human health. However, knowledge about bovine CYPs involved in AFB1 metabolism is still scanty. Therefore, CYP1A1- and CYP3A74-mediated molecular mechanisms of AFB1 hepatotoxicity were here dissected. Molecular docking of AFB1 into CYP1A1 model suggested AFB1 8,9-endo- and 8,9-exo-epoxide, and AFM1 formation, while docking of AFB1 into CYP3A74 pointed to AFB1 8,9-exo-epoxide and AFQ1 synthesis. To biologically confirm these predictions, CYP1A1 and CYP3A74 knockout (KO) BFH12 cell lines were exposed to AFB1. LC–MS/MS investigations showed the abolished production of AFM1 in CYP1A1 KO cells and the strong increase of parent AFB1 in CYP3A74 KO cells; the latter result, coupled to a decreased cytotoxicity, suggested the major role of CYP3A74 in AFB1 8,9-exo-epoxide formation. Finally, RNA-sequencing analysis indirectly proved lower AFB1-induced cytotoxic effects in engineered cells versus naïve ones. Overall, this study broadens the knowledge on AFB1 metabolism and hepatotoxicity in cattle, and it provides the weight of evidence that CYP1A1 and CYP3A74 inhibition might be exploited to reduce AFM1 and AFBO synthesis, AFB1 toxicity, and AFM1 milk excretion.
Tanshinol ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization through suppression of the notch signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Junhao , Yong Shuangshuang , Yin Sisi , Feng Jinhong , Lian Caihua , Chen Jie
Published: June 2024

Background

Psoriasis is a common immune-related chronic inflammatory skin disease, often accompanied by significant itching, and once diseased, the course of the disease lasts for most of the lifetime. Tanshinol (TAN) is an active ingredient of Salvia miltiorrhiza, which possesses pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, the effects of TAN on psoriasis have not been widely reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of TAN in psoriasis.

Methods

An imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis mouse model was constructed and treated with different doses of TAN to observe the changes in skin lesion phenotype, macrophage polarization, inflammation and Notch signaling pathway in mice. Further removal of macrophages or inhibition or activation of Notch signaling pathway was performed to examine the changes in skin lesion phenotype, macrophage polarization, inflammation and Notch signaling pathway in mice. In addition, in vitro experiments verified that TAN regulates RAW264.7 macrophage polarization and cytokine secretion through the Notch pathway.

Results

The results showed that TAN alleviated IMQ-induced skin lesions and pathological phenotypes in psoriasis mice and inhibited Notch signaling pathway and M1-type macrophage polarization. Moreover, macrophage clearance and Notch signaling pathway activation inhibited the effect of TAN on psoriasis. Further in vitro experiments showed that Notch agonists reversed the effects of TAN on macrophage polarization and inflammatory cytokines.

Conclusions

Collectively, these findings suggest that TAN may exert a therapeutic effect on psoriasis by inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway and thus M1-type macrophage polarization.