bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stem Defect Rates and Ice Storm Damage for Families of Pinus taeda from Coastal and Piedmont Provenances Planted on a North Carolina Piedmont Site
Authors: Walker Trevor D , Maynor Jessica A , Isik Fikret , Heine Austin J , Whetten Ross W , Payn Kitt G , Quate T Austin , McKeand Steven E
Published: April 2024

Twenty Pinus taeda L. families from both the Coastal Plain and Piedmont provenances in the southeastern United States were planted on an upper Piedmont site that experienced a severe ice storm at age 3 years. Storm damage and defect rates through age 11 years were compared with the seed transfer distance and the seed parents’ breeding values to develop prediction models for storm damage and rates of forking, stem break, and sawtimber potential. Warmer-source families had higher probability of limb or stem breaks and foliage injury from the storm. Taller trees were more likely to experience breaks and foliage injury, even after accounting for seed transfer distance. Trees with forks or fusiform rust (Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme) infection had a higher probability of breaks. Trees with limb breaks or foliage injury did not have reduced sawtimber potential, but broken stems reduced sawtimber potential. The storm did not cause immediate mortality, but trees with major limb breaks, stem breaks, or foliage injury were less likely to be alive at age 8 years. At age 11 years, families with the best combination of breeding values for forking, straightness, and rust resistance had a predicted 60% of stems having sawtimber potential, whereas families with the worst combination had 30%.

Study Implications: Planting warmer-source Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) families farther north and inland may lead to greater growth but poses a risk of damage from cold temperatures and ice storms. Trees grown for solid-wood products must be relatively defect-free and require a longer rotation, whereas bioenergy and pulpwood can use smaller, defective trees. This analysis presents predictions of defect rates through age 11 years based on the seed source and breeding values using data from a planting in the upper Piedmont of North Carolina. Land managers can use these models to weigh the benefits and risks when choosing families for reforestation.
Trends in Life Expectancy in Residential Long-Term Care by Sociodemographic Position in 1999–2018: A Multistate Life Table Study of Finnish Older Adults
Authors: Korhonen Kaarina , Moustgaard Heta , Murphy Michael , Martikainen Pekka
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Residential long-term care (LTC) use has declined in many countries over the past years. This study quantifies how changing rates of entry, exit, and mortality have contributed to trends in life expectancy in LTC (i.e., average time spent in LTC after age 65) across sociodemographic groups.

Methods

We analyzed population-register data of all Finns aged ≥65 during 1999–2018 (n = 2,016,987) with dates of LTC and death and sociodemographic characteristics. We estimated transition rates between home, LTC, and death using Poisson generalized additive models, and calculated multistate life tables across 1999–2003, 2004–2008, 2009–2013, and 2014–2018.

Results

Between 1999–2003 and 2004–2008, life expectancy in LTC increased from 0.75 (95% CI: 0.74–0.76) to 0.89 (95% CI: 0.88–0.90) years among men and from 1.61 (95% CI: 1.59–1.62) to 1.83 (95% CI: 1.81–1.85) years among women, mainly due to declining exit rates from LTC. Thereafter, life expectancy in LTC decreased, reaching 0.80 (95% CI: 0.79–0.81) and 1.51 (95% CI: 1.50–1.53) years among men and women, respectively, in 2014–2018. Especially among women and nonmarried men, the decline was largely due to increasing death rates in LTC. Admission rates declined throughout the study period, which offset the increase in life expectancy in LTC attributable to declining mortality in the community. Marital status differences in life expectancy in LTC narrowed over time.

Discussion

Recent declines in LTC use were driven by postponed LTC admission closer to death. The results suggest that across sociodemographic strata older adults enter LTC in even worse health and spend a shorter time in care than before.
Selection of proxy indicators estimating the appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions in general practice: a national consensus procedure in France
Authors: Simon Maïa , Bocquier Aurélie , Pereira Ouarda , Charmillon Alexandre , Gonthier Damien , Lieutier Colas Florence , Vallance Camille , Welter Adeline , Pulcini Céline , Thilly Nathalie ,   Study Group, Birgé Jacques , Boivin Jean-Marc , Boutfol Willy , Canton Antoine , Chergui Mourad Bourji , Diamantis Sylvain , Fraisse Thibaut , Hanriot Olivier , Hild Philippe , Imboula Elodie , Meyvaert Pascal , Pavese Patricia , Pelissier François , Romary Hélène , Schleck Léa , Valentin Caroline , Vauthier Jean-Charles , Viellard Mathieu
Published: April 2024

Background

GPs are responsible for more than 70% of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions in France. Metrics are important antibiotic stewardship tools that can be used to set targets for improvement and to give feedback to professionals and stakeholders.

Objectives

The primary objective of the present study was to select a set of proxy indicators (PIs) based on 10 previously developed PIs, to estimate the appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions by GPs. The secondary objective was to evaluate the clinimetric properties of the selected PIs.

Methods

A RAND-modified Delphi consensus procedure was conducted with a multidisciplinary panel of stakeholders. This procedure consisted of two successive online surveys with a consensus meeting in between. Clinimetric properties (measurability, applicability and potential room for improvement) were evaluated for the PIs selected through the consensus procedure, using 2022 Regional Health Insurance data.

Results

Seventeen experts participated in the first-round survey and 14 in the second-round. A final set of 12 PIs was selected. Among the 10 initial PIs, 3 were selected without modification and 7 were modified and selected. Moreover, two newly suggested PIs were selected. Ten of the 12 PIs presented good clinimetric properties.

Conclusions

The 12 selected PIs cover the main situations responsible for inappropriate and unnecessary use of antibiotics in general practice. These PIs, easily calculable using routinely collected health insurance reimbursement data, might be used to give feedback to prescribers and stakeholders and help improve antibiotic prescriptions in primary care.
Screening of 152 Veterinary Drug Residues in Animal Source Foods by LC–MS/MS, Multilaboratory Validation Study: Final Action 2020.04
Authors: Desmarchelier Aurélien , Bessaire Thomas , Savoy Marie-Claude , Tarres Adrienne , Mujahid Claudia , Beck Andrea , Mottier Pascal , Fu Xun , Chan Wai-Chinn , Laborie Stéphanie , Hagenbourger Nadine , Miranda Gislaine , Delatour Thierry
Published: April 2024

Background

The presence of veterinary drug residues in food-producing animals and animal products is regulated through the enforcement of maximum residue limits (MRLs). To answer the need of the food sector to monitor these substances in a wide range of food commodities, stakeholders at AOAC INTERNATIONAL identified the need for a reliable confirmatory screening method. Such a qualitative approach is required for compliance checking and to support product release in manufacturing.

Objective

Data were collected from five independent laboratories that applied the First Action Official Method 2020.04 to demonstrate adequate performance under reproducibility conditions. The probability of detection (POD) was calculated in blank test samples and test samples spiked at the screening target concentration (STC) level, with the objective to achieve PODs ≤10% and ≥90%, respectively. Additionally, the effectiveness of the screening method was evaluated by participating in 92 proficiency tests.

Methods

Four streams were optimized to screen for 152 veterinary drug residues by LC–MS/MS in a wide variety of food commodities including milk-based ingredients and related products (e.g., milk fractions, infant formula, infant cereals, and baby foods), meat- and fish-based ingredients and related products (fresh, powdered, cooked, infant cereals, and baby foods), and other ingredients based on eggs, animal fat, and animal byproducts. The four streams covered 105 antibiotic residues, anti-inflammatory and antiparasitic agents (stream A), 23 beta-lactams (stream B), 14 aminoglycosides (stream C), and 10 tetracyclines (Stream D).

Results

The multilaboratory validation led to PODs at the STC ≥94% and PODs in the blank ≤9%. Further application of the multilaboratory validated method to 92 proficiency tests provided more than 99% satisfactory submitted results (n = 784).

Conclusion

The interlaboratory reproducibility determined for this method met the acceptance criteria defined in AOAC Standard Method Performance Requirement (SMPR®) 2018.010.

Highlights

AOAC has approved the method for Final Action status.
New Treatment Modality for Burn Injury-Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: High-Flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy in Major Burns
Authors: Akın Merve , Tuncer Huriye Bilge , Akgün Ali Emre , Erkılıç Ezgi
Published: April 2024

Pulmonary insufficiency is the primary cause of death in cases of major burns accompanied by inhalation damage. It is important to consider the impact on the face and neck in flame burns. Early implementation of bronchial hygiene measures and oxygenation treatment in inhalation injury can reduce mortality. This case series presents the effects of high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) application on patient outcomes in major burns and inhalation injury. This report discusses 3 different patients. One patient, a 29-year-old male with 35% TBSA burns, received HFNO treatment for inhalation injury on the sixth day after the trauma. After 72 hours of HFNO application, the patient’s pulmonary symptoms improved. The second patient had 60% TBSA burns and developed respiratory distress symptoms on the fifth day after the trauma. After 7 days of HFNO application, all symptoms and findings of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were resolved. HFNO has been used for the treatment of ARDS related to major burn (60% of burned TBSA) in a 28-year-old patient, and improvement was achieved. The use of HFNO in pulmonary insufficiency among burn patients has not been reported previously. This series of patient cases demonstrates the successful application of HFNO in treating inhalation injury and burn-related ARDS. However, further clinical studies are necessary to increase its clinical utilization.
Repeat Bronchoscopies Are Poorly Predictive of Outcomes Following Inhalation Injury
Authors: Smith Matthew D , April Michael D , Schauer Steven G , Rizzo Julie A
Published: April 2024

Inhalation injury is an independent predictor of mortality after burn injury. Although bronchoscopy remains the gold standard for diagnosing inhalation injury, there is a paucity of evidence to support repeat bronchoscopies for following inhalation injuries during a patient’s clinical course. This study looks at the ability of serial bronchoscopies to prognosticate outcomes. This was a secondary analysis of a previously reported prospective observational study. Patients diagnosed with inhalation injury had repeat bronchoscopies with blinded investigators assigning severity scores. The study used multivariate regression analysis to investigate whether inhalation injury severity scores of the carinal images were predictive of mortality. Secondary outcomes included diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome or pneumonia during hospitalization. The final analysis included 99 patients. After accounting for age, percent TBSA burn, and injury severity scores, there were no days that were significant for predicting outcomes. All days were poor predictors overall, with the area under the receiver operating curve being <0.8 in all instances. These results do not support the use of serial bronchoscopies for prognostication purposes. Until a larger, randomized clinical trial can evaluate this further, serial bronchoscopies performed for assessment of the progression of inhalation injury may provide more risk than benefit.
Interactions between PTH and adiposity: appetizing possibilities
Authors: Tay Donovan Yu Kwang , Bilezikian John P
Published: April 2024

Although parathyroid hormone (PTH) is best known for its role as a regulator of skeletal remodelling and calcium homeostasis, more recent evidence supports a role for it in energy metabolism and other non-classical targets. In this report, we summarize evidence for an effect of PTH on adipocytes. This review is based upon all peer-reviewed papers, published in the English language with PubMed as the primary search engine. Recent preclinical studies have documented an effect of PTH to stimulate lipolysis in both adipocytes and liver cells and to cause browning of adipocytes. PTH also reduces bone marrow adiposity and hepatic steatosis. Although clinical studies are limited, disease models of PTH excess and PTH deficiency lend support to these preclinical findings. This review supports the concept of PTH as a polyfunctional hormone that influences energy metabolism as well as bone metabolism.
Major changes in domain arrangements are associated with the evolution of termites
Authors: Mikhailova Alina A , Dohmen Elias , Harrison Mark C
Published: April 2024

Domains as functional protein units and their rearrangements along the phylogeny can shed light on the functional changes of proteomes associated with the evolution of complex traits like eusociality. This complex trait is associated with sterile soldiers and workers, and long-lived, highly fecund reproductives. Unlike in Hymenoptera (ants, bees, and wasps), the evolution of eusociality within Blattodea, where termites evolved from within cockroaches, was accompanied by a reduction in proteome size, raising the question of whether functional novelty was achieved with existing rather than novel proteins. To address this, we investigated the role of domain rearrangements during the evolution of termite eusociality. Analysing domain rearrangements in the proteomes of three solitary cockroaches and five eusocial termites, we inferred more than 5,000 rearrangements over the phylogeny of Blattodea. The 90 novel domain arrangements that emerged at the origin of termites were enriched for several functions related to longevity, such as protein homeostasis, DNA repair, mitochondrial activity, and nutrient sensing. Many domain rearrangements were related to changes in developmental pathways, important for the emergence of novel castes. Along with the elaboration of social complexity, including permanently sterile workers and larger, foraging colonies, we found 110 further domain arrangements with functions related to protein glycosylation and ion transport. We found an enrichment of caste-biased expression and splicing within rearranged genes, highlighting their importance for the evolution of castes. Furthermore, we found increased levels of DNA methylation among rearranged compared to non-rearranged genes suggesting fundamental differences in their regulation. Our findings indicate the importance of domain rearrangements in the generation of functional novelty necessary for termite eusociality to evolve.
Determination of nonlocal kernels in nonlocal models for solving strain localization problems
Authors: Yang Delan , Chen Wei , Yao Yin
Published: April 2024

The strain localization during the damage and failure of materials can be accurately predicted by nonlocal continuum theories. Yet, the results of theoretical predictions are directly affected by the nonlocal kernel formulation. In this study, the correlation between the nonlocal kernel formulation and the strain localization simulation results is revealed. First, based on the nonlocal damage theory, a novel free energy functional was proposed with strain and damage parameters as independent variables, and a constitutive relation considering nonlocality and elastic damage was derived within the framework of continuum thermodynamics. Then, one-dimensional governing equations were obtained through the dual-linearization method. Finally, strain localization predictions obtained with several nonlocal kernel formulations were presented, and the relationship between the nonlocal kernels and the solution was analyzed, thereby determining an appropriate nonlocal kernel function for the strain localization problem.
Successful anatomical closure of a photographically documented 30-year-old idiopathic full-thickness macular hole following surgery for concurrent repair of an acute macula-on rhematogenous retinal detachment
Authors: Au Eong Jonathan T W , Lim Jason H M , George Sachin M , Au Eong Kah-Guan
Published: April 2024

A 62-year-old man with a 30-year-old photographically documented idiopathic full-thickness macular hole and visual acuity of 6/45 developed an acute macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in his left eye. A pars plana vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peeling around the macular hole, fluid-air exchange, endolaser retinopexy around the peripheral retinal break and perfluoropropane (C3F8) internal tamponade were performed to repair the detached retina and macular hole. One month postoperatively, the patient developed a large peripheral circumferential retinal tear with shallow retinal detachment which necessitated scleral buckling, repeat vitrectomy, endolaser photocoagulation and C3F8 tamponade. The retina was successfully re-attached and the macula hole was closed. Three years post-vitrectomy, the repaired 30-year-old macular hole remained closed although the visual acuity remained unchanged at 6/45. In summary, we describe the successful anatomical closure of a 30-year-old idiopathic full-thickness macular hole which we believe to be the longest duration photographically documented macular hole closed following surgery.
Bayesian Multisource Hierarchical Models with Applications to the Monthly Retail Trade Survey
Authors: Kaputa Stephen J , Morris Darcy Steeg , Holan Scott H
Published: April 2024

The integration of multiple survey, administrative, and third-party data offers the opportunity to innovate and improve survey estimation via statistical modeling. With decreasing response rates and increasing interest for more timely and geographically detailed estimates, imputation methodology that combines multiple data sources to adjust for low unit response and allow for more detailed publication levels, including geographic estimates, is both timely and necessary. Motivated by the Advance Monthly Retail Trade Survey (MARTS) and Monthly Retail Trade Survey (MRTS), we propose Bayesian hierarchical multiple imputation-dependent data models with the goals of automating imputation for the MARTS by using historic MRTS data and providing geographically granular (state-level) estimates for the MRTS via mass imputation using third-party data and spatial dependence. As a natural byproduct of this approach, measures of uncertainty are provided. This article illustrates the advantages of applying established Bayesian hierarchical modeling techniques with multiple source data to address practical problems in official statistics and is, therefore, of independent interest. The motivating empirical studies are unified by their hierarchical modeling framework, which ultimately results in a more principled approach for estimation for the MARTS and a more geographically granular data product for the MRTS.
Back to square one: the bodily roots of conscious experiences in early life
Authors: Ciaunica Anna , Safron Adam , Delafield-Butt Jonathan
Published: April 2024

Most theoretical and empirical discussions about the nature of consciousness are typically couched in a way that endorses a tacit adult-centric and vision-based perspective. This paper defends the idea that consciousness science may be put on a fruitful track for its next phase by examining the nature of subjective experiences through a bottom-up developmental lens. We draw attention to the intrinsic link between consciousness, experiences and experiencing subjects, which are first and foremost embodied and situated organisms essentially concerned with self-preservation within a precarious environment. Our paper suggests that in order to understand what consciousness ‘is’, one should first tackle the fundamental question: how do embodied experiences ‘arise’ from square one? We then highlight one key yet overlooked aspect of human consciousness studies, namely that the earliest and closest environment of an embodied experiencing subject is the body of another human experiencing subject. We present evidence speaking in favour of fairly sophisticated forms of early sensorimotor integration of bodily signals and self-generated actions already being established in utero. We conclude that these primitive and fundamentally relational and co-embodied roots of our early experiences may have a crucial impact on the way human beings consciously experience the self, body and the world across their lifespan.
Hepatitis C Cascade of Care in a Multidisciplinary Substance Use Bridge Clinic Model in Tennessee
Authors: Chirunomula Samantha , Muscarella Anahit , Whelchel Kristen , Gispen Fiona , Marcovitz David , White Katie , Chastain Cody
Published: April 2024

Many barriers prevent individuals with substance use disorders from receiving hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. This study describes 96 patients with active HCV treated in an opioid use disorder bridge clinic model. Of 33 patients who initiated treatment, 25 patients completed treatment, and 13 patients achieved sustained virologic response.
Managing Modern Antiretroviral Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit: Overcoming Challenges for Critically Ill People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Chastain Daniel B , Tu Patrick J , Brizzi Marisa , Keedy Chelsea A , Baker Aubrey N , Jackson Brittany T , Ladak Amber F , Hamilton Leslie A , Sells Nicholas R , Henao-Martínez Andrés F , McManus Kathleen A , Cluck David B
Published: April 2024

People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a 50% excess risk for intensive care unit (ICU) admission, often for non-HIV-related conditions. Despite this, clear guidance for managing antiretroviral therapy (ART) in this setting is lacking. Selecting appropriate ART in the ICU is complex due to drug interactions, absorption issues, and dosing adjustments. Continuing ART in the ICU can be challenging due to organ dysfunction, drug interactions, and formulary limitations. However, with careful consideration, continuation is often feasible through dose adjustments or alternative administration methods. Temporary discontinuation of ART may be beneficial depending on the clinical scenario. Clinicians should actively seek resources and support to mitigate adverse events and drug interactions in critically ill people with HIV. Navigating challenges in the ICU can optimize ART and improve care and outcomes for critically ill people with HIV. This review aims to identify strategies for addressing the challenges associated with the use of modern ART in the ICU.
Type I interferon promotes the fate of Toll-like receptor 9–stimulated follicular B cells to plasma cell differentiation
Authors: Higuchi Ryota , Tanaka Kaori , Saito Yuichi , Murakami Daisuke , Nakagawa Takashi , Nutt Stephen L , Ohkawa Yasuyuki , Baba Yoshihiro
Published: April 2024

The activation and differentiation of B cells into plasma cells (PCs) play critical roles in the immune response to infections and autoimmune diseases. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) responds to bacterial and viral DNA containing unmethylated CpG motifs and triggers immune responses in B cells; however, abnormal recognition of self-DNA by TLR9 can cause autoimmune diseases. When stimulated with TLR9 agonists, follicular (FO) B cells, a subset of B cells residing in the FO regions of secondary lymphoid organs, exhibit a propensity for activation but fail to give rise to PCs. The factors that enable the transition of TLR9-activated FO B cells from activation to differentiation into PCs remain unclear. In this study, we show that type I interferon-alpha (IFNα) signaling causes FO B cells activated by CpG stimulation to differentiate into PCs. Although CpG stimulation alone only temporarily increased interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) expression in FO B cells, co-stimulation with both CpG and IFNα enhanced and maintained high IRF4 expression levels, ultimately enabling the cells to differentiate into PCs. Overexpression of IRF4 in FO B cells results in CpG-induced PC transition without IFN signaling. Furthermore, co-stimulation of TLR9 and IFNα receptors significantly enhanced mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, which regulates IRF4 expression and PC generation. These findings suggest that IFNα may play a key role in promoting the fate of PC differentiation in FO B cells activated by TLR9 stimulation.
Current Auditory Hallucinations Are Not Associated With Specific White Matter Diffusion Alterations in Schizophrenia
Authors: Nerland Stener , Slapø Nora Berz , Barth Claudia , Mørch-Johnsen Lynn , Jørgensen Kjetil Nordbø , Beck Dani , Wortinger Laura A , Westlye Lars T , Jönsson Erik G , Andreassen Ole A , Maximov Ivan I , Geier Oliver M , Agartz Ingrid
Published: April 2024

Background and Hypothesis

Studies have linked auditory hallucinations (AH) in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SCZ) to altered cerebral white matter microstructure within the language and auditory processing circuitry (LAPC). However, the specificity to the LAPC remains unclear. Here, we investigated the relationship between AH and DTI among patients with SCZ using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Study Design

We included patients with SCZ with (AH+; n = 59) and without (AH−; n = 81) current AH, and 140 age- and sex-matched controls. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD) were extracted from 39 fiber tracts. We used principal component analysis (PCA) to identify general factors of variation across fiber tracts and DTI metrics. Regression models adjusted for sex, age, and age2 were used to compare tract-wise DTI metrics and PCA factors between AH+, AH−, and healthy controls and to assess associations with clinical characteristics.

Study Results

Widespread differences relative to controls were observed for MD and RD in patients without current AH. Only limited differences in 2 fiber tracts were observed between AH+ and controls. Unimodal PCA factors based on MD, RD, and AD, as well as multimodal PCA factors, differed significantly relative to controls for AH−, but not AH+. We did not find any significant associations between PCA factors and clinical characteristics.

Conclusions

Contrary to previous studies, DTI metrics differed mainly in patients without current AH compared to controls, indicating a widespread neuroanatomical distribution. This challenges the notion that altered DTI metrics within the LAPC is a specific feature underlying AH.
The NFκB Dif is required for behavioral and molecular correlates of sleep homeostasis in Drosophila
Authors: O’Hara Michael K , Saul Christopher , Handa Arun , Cho Bumsik , Zheng Xiangzhong , Sehgal Amita , Williams Julie A
Published: April 2024

The nuclear factor binding the κ light chain in B-cells (NFκB) is involved in a wide range of cellular processes including development, growth, innate immunity, and sleep. However, genetic studies of the role of specific NFκB transcription factors in sleep have been limited. Drosophila fruit flies carry three genes encoding NFκB transcription factors, Dorsal, Dorsal Immunity Factor (Dif), and Relish. We previously found that loss of the Relish gene from fat body suppressed daily nighttime sleep, and abolished infection-induced sleep. Here we show that Dif regulates daily sleep and recovery sleep following prolonged wakefulness. Mutants of Dif showed reduced daily sleep and suppressed recovery in response to sleep deprivation. Pan-neuronal knockdown of Dif strongly suppressed daily sleep, indicating that in contrast to Relish, Dif functions from the central nervous system to regulate sleep. Based on the unique expression pattern of a Dif- GAL4 driver, we hypothesized that its effects on sleep were mediated by the pars intercerebralis (PI). While RNAi knock-down of Dif in the PI reduced daily sleep, it had no effect on the recovery response to sleep deprivation. However, recovery sleep was suppressed when RNAi knock-down of Dif was distributed across a wider range of neurons. Induction of the nemuri (nur) antimicrobial peptide by sleep deprivation was reduced in Dif mutants and pan-neuronal overexpression of nur also suppressed the Dif mutant phenotype by significantly increasing sleep and reducing nighttime arousability. Together, these findings indicate that Dif functions from brain to target nemuri and to promote deep sleep.
Research progress on the therapeutic application of extracellular vesicles in erectile dysfunction
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Yang Mengbo , Chen Xinda , Lu Mujun
Published: April 2024

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the most common male sexual dysfunctions and is related to many pathogenic factors. However, first-line treatment, represented by phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, is unable to maintain long-term efficacy. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently attracted the attention of researchers in the fields of cardiovascular disease, neurologic disease, and regenerative medicine and may become a treatment for ED. This article reviews recent applications of EVs in the treatment of ED from the aspects of the source, the therapeutic mechanism, and the strategies to enhance therapeutic efficacy. These research advances lay the foundation for further research and provide references for in-depth understanding of the therapeutic mechanism and possible clinical application of EVs in ED.
Knocking down GRAMD1C expression reduces 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells
Authors: He Hui , Zhang Bo , Wang Xiang , Chen Lulu
Published: April 2024

Aim

To explore the differential genes in Parkinson’s disease (PD) through a preliminary GEO database, and to investigate the possible mechanisms.

Materials and Methods

The PD differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by the microarray method. Then, these DEGs were applied to KEGG and GO analyses to predict the related signaling pathways and molecular functions. Comparison of GRAMD1C expression levels in the putamen of normal and Parkinson’s patients by bioinformatic analysis. PC12 cells were cultured to construct a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced Parkinson’s cell model. RT-qPCR was performed to detect the efficiency of GRAMD1C siRNA. MTT assay was conducted to examine the proliferation of cells. Then, the apoptosis of each group of cells was measured by flow cytometry. Western blot was carried out to determine the expression of apoptosis-related proteins.

Results

Through bioinformatics, GRAMD1C was confirmed to be one of the most significantly upregulated genes in PD. Furthermore, GRAMD1C was notably enhanced in the PD patients and 6-OHDA-induced PC12 cells. Besides, 6-OHDA stimulation significantly reduced PC12 cell proliferation, and it reverted with the GRAMD1C siRNA. Moreover, the flow cytometry results showed that knockdown of GRAMD1C could effectively reduce the high apoptosis rate of PC12 cells induced by 6-OHDA treatment. Similarly, western blot results found that 6-OHDA stimulation markedly increased the expression levels of Bax and Caspase 3Caspase 3 and decreased the Bcl-2 expression in PC12 cells, and GRAMD1C knockdown reversed these changes.

Conclusion

GRAMD1C is upregulated in PD, and may affect the PD process through the apoptotic pathway.
Emergency medical service use at a pediatric center in Turkey, during the COVID-19 pandemic period
Authors: Bodur İlknur , Aydın Orkun , Yaradılmış Raziye Merve , Güneylioğlu Muhammed Mustafa , Güngör Ali , Akkaya Bilge , Göktuğ Aytaç , Öztürk Betül , Karacan Can Demir , Tuygun Nilden
Published: April 2024

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate aspects of pediatric patients presenting to a hospital in Turkey via emergency ambulance services, including incidence of visits to the hospital, acuity of illness and most common diagnoses, during the one-year period before and after the onset of the coronavrrus dsease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods

This was a retrospective and single center analysis of children, transported by Emergency Medical Services to the Emergency Department (ED) of a children's hospital in Turkey, between 10 March 2019 and 11 March 2021.

Results

Percentage of high acuity group (68.1% vs.76.9%) during pandemic period was significantly lower than prepandemic period (p < 0.001). On the contrary, the percentage of patients using emergency ambulance service with a low level of acuity increased during the pandemic period compared to the prepandemic period (31.9% vs. 23.1%) (p < 0.001). A significant decrease was observed in the cases of lower respiratory tract infections, febrile status epilepticus and excessive alcohol use during the pandemic period. No significant differences were found hospitalizations requiring PICU and mortality in ED during the pandemic period.

Conclusion

During the COVID-19 pandemic; also, a decrease in admissions was observed for those with high-risk conditions. On the contrary, an increase was detected in patients with low acuity levels. Efforts should be made to ensure access to safe and quality emergency care during the pandemic.
Deciphering Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Wood Responses to Grapevine Trunk Disease-Associated Fungi
Authors: Romeo-Oliván Ana , Chervin Justine , Breton Coralie , Puech-Pagès Virginie , Fournier Sylvie , Marti Guillaume , Rodrigues Olivier , Daydé Jean , Dumas Bernard , Jacques Alban
Published: April 2024

Esca is one of the main grapevine trunk diseases affecting vineyards worldwide. Phaeoacremonium minimum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora are thought to be two of the main causal agents of this disease. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying plant defense responses in the grapevine trunk against esca-associated pathogens are poorly understood. To provide a first glimpse at the trunk responses to P. minimum and P. chlamydospora, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed to compare and contrast host responses to these pathogens. Transcriptomic analysis revealed different gene expression reprogramming in the trunk in response to each fungus. The main significant differences were found among genes associated with secondary metabolism, signaling, and hormone signaling. An untargeted liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry metabolomic approach performed 3 weeks after inoculation was used, and dereplication mainly highlighted flavonoids and stilbenes as plant defense metabolites in the infected trunk. Some metabolites were overproduced with both fungi, but specific responses were also observed. Particularly, a lipophilic flavonoid cluster was emphasized after P. minimum inoculation. The assessment of fungal infection 6 weeks postinfection showed more copies of P. minimum than P. chlamydospora. This dissimilarity in the level of colonization could be linked to the metabolomic responses observed. Our results reveal both different gene expression reprogramming and metabolomic-specific signatures depending on the wood pathogen. Altogether, these observations suggest that grapevine trunks can differently perceive and respond to P. minimum and P. chlamydospora.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Newborn Infants
Authors: Mathew Liji , Schmolze Mia , Carter Kathleen V.
Published: April 2024

Abtsract

Background:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of mothers may increase the risk of complications and adverse birth outcomes among newborn infants born more than 37 weeks’ gestation.

Purpose:

The aim of this scoping review is to identify the research gaps in the literature on SARS-CoV-2 positive newborn infants born at more than 37 weeks’ gestation in United States (U.S.).

Data Sources:

A search for relevant articles was conducted using multiple resources including three databases CINAHL, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science. This scoping review included case reports, case series, cohort, and retrospective studies focusing on newborn infants born more than 37 weeks of gestation with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Study Selection:

A total of 4262 citations were screened, and 12 articles met the eligibility criteria.

Data Extraction:

Two authors independently screened the articles using a multi-step approach.

Results:

This review identified the gaps in literature on newborn infants up to one month of age. Few studies have focused on SARS-CoV-2 positive newborn infants born more than 37 gestational weeks. This review demonstrates a higher prevalence of community-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infections among infants following discharge.

Implications of Practice and Research:

Few U.S. based studies have focused on newborn infants born more than 37 weeks’ gestation with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Future follow-up studies are essential on these infants especially during the first 30 days of life. Discharge teaching on SARS-CoV-2 infection is vital in reducing community transmission, admissions, and emergency department visits.
Prevalence of Acetabular Dysplasia at a Mean age of 18 Years After Treatment for Neonatal hip Instability
Authors: Maikku Mari , Valkama Arja Marita , Ohtonen Pasi , Leppilahti Juhana
Published: April 2024

Background:

The long-term radiological outcomes after the treatment of neonatal hip instability (NHI) in developmental dysplasia of the hip are unclear. Therefore, the prevalence of acetabular dysplasia at a mean age of 18 years after treatment was investigated. The relationship between acetabular dysplasia and hip discomfort has also been poorly established. Therefore, the differences in pain, hip-related quality of life (QOL), and hip impingement tests in hips with and without acetabular dysplasia were assessed.

Methods:

All 127 patients treated for NHI from 1995 to 2001 at the study hospital and meeting the inclusion criteria were invited to participate in this population-based follow-up. Of these individuals, 88 (69.3%) participated. The lateral center-edge angle (LCEA), Sharp’s angle (SA), and acetabular head index (AHI) were calculated for both hips from pelvic anterior–posterior radiographs. The Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) questionnaire was completed for both hips separately; the total score, pain, and QOL subscores were calculated; and the impingement test was performed.

Results:

The prevalence of acetabular dysplasia, defined as an LCEA <20°, was 3.4%. Only the mean AHI (81.1%, SD 5.3) differed (-5.08, 95% CI -5.77 to -4.38, P <0.001) from previously described gender-specific and side-specific means, whereas the mean LCEA and SA did not. The odds ratio for a positive hip impingement test was 2.8 (95% CI: 1.11-7.05, P = 0.029) for hips with an LCEA <25° compared to hips with LCEA ≥25°. The hips with an SA ≥45° had a mean of 7.8 points lower for the HAGOS pain subscore (95% CI: 4.2-11.4, P <0.001) and a mean of 6.1 points lower for the HAGOS QOL subscore (95% CI: 2.1-10.2, P = 0.003) compared with hips with an SA <45°.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of acetabular dysplasia was low after treatment for NHI. Acetabular dysplasia seems to be as common in the general population as for those treated for NHI based on the LCEA. Only an SA ≥45° resulted in slightly more pain and lower hip-related QOL.
Clinicopathological Characteristics, Survival and Prognostic Factors in Gastrointestinal Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Authors: Chang Lele , Zhang Xuemei , Li Jiaxin , Li Qingwei
Published: April 2024

Background:

Gastrointestinal large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (GILCNEC) has a low incidence but high malignancy and poor prognosis.The main purpose of this study was to thoroughly investigate its clinicopathological features, survival and prognostic factors.

Methods:

Information on patients with GILCNEC was extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result program, and prognostic factors were analyzed by analyzing clinicopathological data and survival functions. Finally, multivariate analysis was applied to identify independent risk factors associated with survival.

Results:

A total of 531 individuals were screened in our study from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result database. The primary sites are mainly from the following: esophagus in 39 (7.3%) patients, stomach in 72 (13.6%) patients, hepatobiliary in 51 (9.6%) patients, pancreas in 97 (18.3%) patients, small intestines in 27 (5.1%), and colorectum in 245 (46.1%) patients. Esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and colorectum large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) were more common in males (P = 0.001). Esophagus LCNEC had inferior overall survival (OS), whereas small intestine LCNEC was associated with better OS. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the American Joint Committee on Cancer Sixth Edition stage, surgery, and radiotherapy were independent prognostic indicators of OS in patients with GILCNEC (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The prognosis of patients with GILCNEC varies depending on the primary tumor site. American Joint Committee on Cancer Sixth Edition stage, surgery, and radiotherapy are independent prognostic factors of patients with GILCNEC. Although surgery and radiotherapy can prolong the survival of patients with GILCNEC, their prognosis remains poor, and further prospectively designed multicenter clinical studies are needed to indicate the decision for clinicians.
Posterior Translation of the Radial Head in Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Lateral Epicondylitis
Authors: Saeki Masaomi , Yoneda Hidemasa , Yamamoto Michiro
Published: April 2024

Background:

Posterolateral rotatory instability is produced by disruption of the lateral collateral ligament complex (LCLC); it is commonly induced by trauma, with few cases reported due to lateral epicondylitis. We examined the amount of posterior transition of the radial head with or without LCLC injury, common extensor tendon (CET) injury, and Baker classification in lateral epicondylitis.

Methods:

We retrospectively studied patients with lateral epicondylitis of the humerus who underwent surgery between April 2016 and July 2021. Fifteen elbows with coronal and sagittal images on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included. We investigated the amount of posterior transition of the radial head in sagittal MRI images of the elbow, which were compared based on LCLC and CET lesion.

Results:

The mean age of patients was 49 years. The lesions in four, nine, and two patients were classified as LCLC0, LCLC1, and LCLC2, respectively. The mean radio-humeral distance values among the LCLC lesions were 0.65, 2.46, and 2.22 mm in LCLC0, LCLC1, and LCLC2, respectively, with the RHD between LCLC0 and LCLC1 differing significantly. In five, six, and four patients, the lesions were classified as CET1, CET2, and CET3, respectively. The mean RHD values among the CET lesions were 1.33, 2.68, and 1.48 mm in CET1, CET2, and CET3, respectively.

Conclusions:

Our results showed that posterior transition of the radial head is greater in patients with lateral epicondylitis with LCLC lesions on MRI than those with normal findings of LCLC.
Dynamic Reconstruction Using Accessory-innervated Pedicled Latissimus Dorsi Flap for Upper Trapezius Muscle Defect
Authors: Fujioka Masaki , Koga Kazufumi
Published: April 2024

The upper part of the trapezius muscle attaches to the acromion and elevates the shoulder, so a defect in the trapezius muscle greatly impairs shoulder-brachial movement. We encountered a case in which the upper trapezius muscle was completely resected due to myxofibrosarcoma that occurred in the upper part of the left trapezius muscle, and reconstruction was performed using a pedicled latissimus dorsi flap with the accessory nerve transferred, resulting in favorable motor function. A 74-year-old woman developed myxofibrosarcoma in her left neck 1 year and 4 months ago, and underwent two surgical excisions at a nearby hospital. However, two months prior, she relapsed again, and was referred to our hospital, where she underwent submandibular lymph node dissection, wide tumor resection, and reconstruction using a latissimus dorsi flap. For latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap transfer, the stump of the thoracodorsal nerve and accessory nerve were anastomosed to facilitate nerve transfer. Four months after surgery, she was able to raise her shoulder, and surface electromyography showed potentials comparable to her unaffected side. The innervated latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap is frequently used for dynamic reconstruction of facial, brachialis, rectus abdominis, and deltoid muscles, but this is the first case report describing its use for dynamic reconstruction of the trapezius muscle.
Achieving Harmonious Feminine Proportions: A Comprehensive Study on Breast Harmonization with Nanotextured Implants
Authors: Szychta Pawel
Published: April 2024

Background:

The prevalence of breast augmentation as a strategy for achieving idealized feminine proportions, consistent with contemporary beauty standards, has increased notably. This study focuses on the use of nanotextured implants, examining their efficacy in enhancing body symmetry and conforming to current aesthetic ideals.

Methods:

Conducted as a prospective cohort study, this research included women who underwent breast augmentation using nanotextured ergonomic implants from 2017 to 2023. A personalized methodology was applied, incorporating an array of anthropometric measurements and individual motivations to inform the selection of implants. The techniques used aimed at fostering a natural aesthetic, coupled with an extensive postoperative follow-up to evaluate outcomes and identify any complications.

Results:

The study involved 1000 participants, with findings indicating a marked improvement in breast and overall body proportions, in line with targeted aesthetic principles. High levels of patient satisfaction were observed, with more than 90% reporting favorable aesthetic results and a low incidence of complications. These findings emphasize the effectiveness and safety of nanotextured implants in achieving the desired aesthetic goals.

Conclusions:

The study underscores the efficacy of nanotextured implants in attaining balanced feminine proportions, aligning surgical results with modern beauty ideals and enhancing personal well-being. It highlights the significance of a tailored approach in breast augmentation, which encompasses not only the physical aspects of aesthetic enhancement but also the psychological and social facets of patient contentment.