bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the microbiome associated with stem crown galls of grapes
Authors: Fedorovich Svyatoslav , Kopyltsov Sergey , Smolich Oleg , Astapchuk Irina
Published: August 2024

The work investigated the species composition of the bacterial microbiome associated with stem crown galls on the grape variety Kishmish radiant (Cardinal x Kishmish pink). The result of the identification of bacterial isolates using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, molecular genetic analysis, and the cultural method on nutrient media made it possible to identify them in stem crown galls of grapes is presented. The following microorganisms were identified: Pseudomonas koreensis, Roaultella planticola, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas fulva, Xanthomonas bonasiae, Winslowiella toletana. Using a biological test on carrots, the pathogenicity of two species Xanthomonas bonasiae, Winslowiella toletana was determined by the ability to form galls, while no virulence genes were detected by PCR analysis using specific primer pairs of genes.
Excellent survival of second-generation uncemented dual mobility cups compared with first-generation cups at a minimum of 10 years follow-up in primary total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Duhil Antoine , Delfosse Gérald , Servien Elvire , Batailler Cécile , Lustig Sébastien
Published: August 2024

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the revision rate and long-term survival between two generations of uncemented dual mobility cup (DMC) from the same manufacturer in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) at a minimum follow-up of 10 years. Methods: This retrospective monocentric study included all THA performed with an uncemented DMC from the same company. The cohort included 150 patients with 22 first-generation DMC and 128 second-generation DMC. The coating of the second generation was a double-coating Plasma spray of Titanium and Hydroxyapatite (HAP), compared to the coating of alumina and HAP for the first generation. The mean follow-up was 14.2 ± 1.2 years. The mean age was 76.0 ± 10.1 years. The Harris hip score (HHS), complications, and revisions were collected at the last follow-up. Ten- and fifteen-year Kaplan-Meier survival was calculated. Results: At the last follow-up, the mean HHS was 83.2 ± 9.1. There were two acetabular loosenings with the old coating (9.1%) and one case with the new one (0.78%) (p = 0.056). There was one extra-prosthetic dislocation (0.67%) and one postoperative infection (0.67%). Survival without acetabular revision at 10 and 15 years was 90.9% for the 1st generation and 99.2% for the 2nd generation (p = 0.009). Conclusion: Survival without acetabular revision was significantly higher at 10 and 15 years of follow-up with the second generation of DMC with plasma-sprayed titanium and HAP coating compared to the first generation of DMC coat. The dislocation was uncommon, thanks to the dual mobility concept. This second generation of uncemented DMC can be safely used in primary THA.
Design of a Phase 3, Global, Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study of Nipocalimab in Pregnancies at Risk for Severe Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn
Authors: Komatsu Yosuke , Verweij E.J.T. Joanne , Tiblad Eleonor , Lopriore Enrico , Oepkes Dick , Agarwal Prasheen , Lam Edwin , Leu Jocelyn H. , Ling Leona E. , Nelson Robert M. , Olusajo Victor , Saeed-Khawaja Shumyla , Tjoa May Lee , Zhou Jie , Amin Umair , Sirah Waheeda , Moise Kenneth J.
Published: August 2024

Objective Nipocalimab is a neonatal fragment crystallizable (Fc) receptor (FcRn)—blocking monoclonal antibody that inhibits placental immunoglobulin G (IgG) transfer and lowers circulating maternal IgG levels. In an open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study, nipocalimab demonstrated evidence of safety and efficacy that support further investigation in a pivotal phase 3 trial of recurrent hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). The phase 3 AZALEA study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nipocalimab in a larger population at risk for severe HDFN, defined as HDFN associated with poor fetal outcomes or neonatal death.

Study Design AZALEA is a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 study enrolling alloimmunized pregnant individuals (N ≈ 120) at risk for severe HDFN based on obstetric history. Participants are randomized 2:1 to receive intravenous 45 mg/kg nipocalimab or placebo weekly from 13–16 to 35 weeks gestational age (GA). During the double-blind treatment period, participants receive standard-of-care weekly monitoring for fetal anemia until planned delivery at 37 to 38 weeks of GA. Postnatal follow-up periods are 24 weeks for maternal participants and 104 weeks for neonates/infants.

Results The primary endpoint is the proportion of pregnancies that do not result in intrauterine transfusion (IUT), hydrops fetalis, or fetal loss/neonatal death from all causes. Key secondary endpoints include the severity of HDFN as measured by a composite HDFN severity index, the earliest time to occurrence of IUT or hydrops fetalis, the modified neonatal mortality and morbidity index in liveborn neonates, and the number of IUTs received. Other endpoints are safety, patient- and caregiver-reported outcomes, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics (e.g., IgG, FcRn receptor occupancy), and immunogenicity of nipocalimab.

Conclusion AZALEA, the first placebo-controlled, randomized, multicenter, prospective trial in severe HDFN, is designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nipocalimab, a potential preventive and noninvasive intervention, in at-risk HDFN pregnancies.

Key Points
Recent Progress in (3+3) Cycloadditions of Bicyclobutanes to Access Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane Derivatives
Authors: Feng Jian-Jun
Published: August 2024

The synthesis of bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane (BCHeps) derivatives, which serve as three-dimensional (3D) bioisosteres of benzenes and are the core skeleton of several terpene natural products, is garnering growing interest. The (3+3) cycloadditions of bicyclobutanes (BCBs) represent an attractive method for efficiently accessing (hetero)BCHep skeletons with 100% atom economy. Herein, we give a brief summary of recent achievements in this approach for the synthesis of diverse BCHep derivatives, emphasizing our recent progress in the initial palladium-catalyzed (3+3) cycloadditions of bicyclobutanes with vinyl oxiranes.

1 Introduction

2 Radical (3+3) Cycloaddition Reaction

3 Polar (3+3) Cycloaddition Reaction

4 Palladium-Catalyzed Enantioselective (3+3) Cycloaddition Reaction

5 Conclusion
Evolution of Robotics in Endoscopy—Past and Future
Authors: Haas A.J. , Feria Alejandro , Noubani Lema , McCauley Kainoa , Kara Ali M. , El-Hayek Kevin M.
Published: August 2024

The field of flexible endoscopy has evolved rapidly since the introduction of the semiflexible gastroscope. Now, robotic flexible endoscopy is beginning to gain a foothold and mirror the path that laparoscopy has taken. This review describes the development of platforms that have entered the field over the past two decades—from clever enhancements to existing endoscopes to fully robotic platforms with high-tech teleoperational consoles. These advancements improve upon visualization, articulation, and locomotion to reproduce surgery on a miniature scale—both endoluminally and intracorporeally. The field of robotic flexible endoscopy is highly variegated with a multitude of platforms in development, promising a bright future where minimally invasive procedures become safely accessible to patients worldwide.
Using machine-learned potentials to better understand the CO2-H2O biphasic interface
Authors: Lange Katherine De
Published: August 2024

Molecular dynamics simulations using machine-learned potentials reveal insights into the macroscopic and microscopic properties of the CO2-H2O biphasic interface
Spin valve effect in the van der Waals heterojunction of Fe3GeTe2/tellurene/Fe3GeTe2
Authors: Zeng Xiangyu , Zhang Liang , Zhang Yang , Yang Fazhi , Zhou Liqin , Wang Yong , Fang Cizhe , Li Xiaoxi , Zheng Siying , Liu Yang , Liu Yan , Wang Xiaozhi , Hao Yue , Han Genquan
Published: August 2024

Spintronic devices are regarded as prime candidates for addressing the demands of emergent applications such as in-memory computing and the Internet of Things, characterized by requirements for high speed, low energy consumption, and elevated storage density. Among these, spin valves, serving as fundamental structures of magnetic random-access memory, have garnered substantial attention in recent years. This study introduces an all van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure composed of Fe3GeTe2 (FGT)/tellurene/FGT, wherein a thin layer of Weyl semiconductor Te is interposed between two ferromagnetic FGT layers. The proposed configuration exhibits a characteristic spin valve effect at temperatures below 160 K. This effect is attributed to spin-dependent transport and spin-dependent scattering phenomena occurring at the interfaces of the constituent materials. Furthermore, as temperature decreases, the magnetoresistance ratio (MR) of the device increases, indicative of the heightened polarization ratio of FGT, with an MR of 0.43% achievable as the temperature approaches 5 K. This investigation elucidates the underlying operational mechanisms of two-dimensional spin valve devices and lays the groundwork for the realization of spin-based integrated circuits.
Dynamics of a driven spheroid in a slow oscillating creeping shear flow
Authors: Kurian James T. , Ramamohan T. R. , Anil Kumar C. V.
Published: August 2024

We report the orientation dynamics of a sinusoidally driven spheroid suspended in a slow and weak/strong oscillatory shear flow without Brownian and inertial forces, derive the governing equations, find the classical Jeffery orbits, and then solve them numerically. These equations describe Jeffery's orbits for no external force and no flow oscillations. When the external forces are small, and there are no oscillations, they can be seen as perturbations of the equations that result in Jeffery's orbits. The small perturbations disturb the Jeffery orbits. We also analyze the chaotic and regular dynamics regimes in nearly quiescent, simple shear, and weak/strong and slow oscillating shear flows. We observe quantitative and qualitative differences in the particle dynamics for an oscillating shear flow compared to simple shear flow, as seen from the Poincaré sections, attractors, phase diagrams, time series, and Lyapunov exponents. The analysis indicates that the slow oscillations reduce the complexity of the dynamics of the particle compared to simple shear flow. The steady-state solutions for both prolate and oblate spheroids remain in the flow gradient plane in the case of strong oscillatory shear. At the same time, there is some disturbance from the flow gradient plane for weak oscillations due to the external force instead of inertial forces reported earlier in the literature. In addition, we propose a mechanism to improve particle separation based on shape using a combination of simple and oscillating shear flows, offering significant advantages in separating particles from a colloidal mixture that would otherwise be impossible.
Causal analysis among azimuthal Fourier modes in linear plasma based on multivariate time series models
Authors: Miwakeichi F. , Sasaki M.
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the causal relationships among azimuthal Fourier modes in linear plasma turbulence using multivariate time series models. We elucidate the dynamics of mode interactions in magnetized plasmas by employing the vector autoregressive model and Granger causality analysis. Our analysis, based on data from the plasma assembly for nonlinear turbulence analysis, reveals significant variations in causality with changing pressure conditions. Modes form weakly coupled clusters at lower pressures, while higher pressures lead to stronger coupling and larger clusters. The impulse response function further provides insights into the temporal propagation and nature of influences between modes. These findings enhance the understanding of spatial pattern formation in magnetized plasmas and offer a quantitative framework for analyzing plasma turbulence dynamics.
The wetting of H2O by CO2
Authors: Brookes Samuel G. H. , Kapil Venkat , Schran Christoph , Michaelides Angelos
Published: August 2024

Biphasic interfaces are complex but fascinating regimes that display a number of properties distinct from those of the bulk. The CO2–H2O interface, in particular, has been the subject of a number of studies on account of its importance for the carbon life cycle as well as carbon capture and sequestration schemes. Despite this attention, there remain a number of open questions on the nature of the CO2–H2O interface, particularly concerning the interfacial tension and phase behavior of CO2 at the interface. In this paper, we seek to address these ambiguities using ab initio-quality simulations. Harnessing the benefits of machine-learned potentials and enhanced statistical sampling methods, we present an ab initio-level description of the CO2–H2O interface. Interfacial tensions are predicted from 1 to 500 bars and found to be in close agreement with experiment at pressures for which experimental data are available. Structural analyses indicate the buildup of an adsorbed, saturated CO2 film forming at a low pressure (20 bars) with properties similar to those of the bulk liquid, but preferential perpendicular alignment with respect to the interface. The CO2 monolayer buildup coincides with a reduced structuring of water molecules close to the interface. This study highlights the predictive nature of machine-learned potentials for complex macroscopic properties of biphasic interfaces, and the mechanistic insight obtained into carbon dioxide aggregation at the water interface is of high relevance for geoscience, climate research, and materials science.
Enhanced thermoelectric properties of Se-doped quasi-one-dimensional van der Waals crystal Ta2PdS6
Authors: Ren Tongwei , Qu Sanyin , Qiu Pengfei , Ming Chen , Shi Xun
Published: August 2024

Recently, quasi-one-dimensional van der Waals crystal Ta2PdS6 has been reported as a promising thermoelectric material with an extraordinarily high power factor. However, element doping to tune the thermoelectric properties has not been studied yet. Here, we systematically investigated the effect of Se doping on the phase composition, charge transport properties and thermoelectric performance of Se-doped Ta2Pd(S1−xSex)6 (x = 0, 0.02, 0.05, and 0.07) polycrystalline bulk materials. Upon doping Se at the S sites to increase the carrier concentration and mobility, the electrical conductivity of Ta2Pd(S0.93Se0.07)6 is dramatically enhanced, while the S is slightly reduced, yielding a significantly improved power factor compared to that of pristine Ta2PdS6. Consequently, Ta2Pd(S0.93Se0.07)6 exhibits a peak ZT of 0.29 at 700 K when the doping content x = 0.07, which is more than twice that of pristine Ta2PdS6.
Command of three-dimensional solitary waves via photopatterning
Authors: Li Chao-Yi , Tang Xing-Zhou , Yu Xiao , Atzin Noe , Song Zhen-Peng , Chen Chu-Qiao , Abbott Nicholas L. , Li Bing-Xiang , de Pablo Juan J. , Lu Yan-Qing
Published: August 2024

Multidimensional solitons are prevalent in numerous research fields. In orientationally ordered soft matter system, three-dimensional director solitons exemplify the localized distortion of molecular orientation. However, their precise manipulation remains challenging due to unpredictable and uncontrolled generation. Here, we utilize preimposed programmable photopatterning in nematics to control the kinetics of director solitons. This enables both unidirectional and bidirectional generation at specific locations and times, confinement within micron-scaled patterns of diverse shapes, and directed propagation along predefined trajectories. A focused dynamical model provides insight into the origins of these solitons and aligns closely with experimental observations, underscoring the pivotal role of anchoring conditions in soliton manipulation. Our findings pave the way for diverse fundamental research avenues and promising applications, including microcargo transportation and optical information processing.
Addendum on ‘Natural number dynamics: reconstructing physics from generalized atomicity’ (2021 Eur. J. Phys.
42 025402)
Authors: Robinson T R
Published: August 2024

The derivation of the Schrödinger equation is revisited with particular emphasis on the role of the Riccati equation and the relationship between the Hamiltonian and natural number operators.
fg-ORKA: fast and gridless reconstruction of moving and deforming objects in multidimensional data
Authors: Bossmann Florian , Ma Jianwei , Wu Wenze
Published: August 2024

Identifying and tracking objects over multiple observations is a frequent task in many applications. Traffic monitoring requires the tracking of vehicles or pedestrians in video data and geophysical exploration relies on identifying seismic wave fronts from data of multiple sensors, only to mention two examples. In many cases, the object changes its shape or position within the given data from one observation to another. Vehicles can change their position and angle relative to the camera while seismic waves have different arrival times, frequencies, or intensities depending on the sensor position. This complicates the task at hand. In a previous work, the authors presented a new algorithm to solve this problem—object reconstruction using K-approximation (ORKA). This algorithm is hindered by two conflicting limitations: the tracked movement is limited by the sampling grid while the complexity increases exponentially with the resolution. We introduce an iterative variant of the ORKA algorithm that is able to overcome this conflict. We also give a brief introduction on the original ORKA algorithm. Knowledge of the previous work is thus not required. We give theoretical error bounds and a complexity analysis which we validate with several numerical experiments. Moreover, we discuss the influence of different parameter choices in detail. The results clearly show that the iterative approach can outperform ORKA in both accuracy and efficiency. On the example of video processing we show that the new method can be applied where the original algorithm is too time and memory intensive. Furthermore, we demonstrate on seismic exploration data that we are now able to recover much finer details on the wave front movement then before.
The visible magneto-optical response of RE1-xAxMnO3 manganites: relationship with the charge component of the material
Authors: Samoshkina Yulia , Petrov Dmitriy , Telegin Andrei , Neznakhin Dmitry , Kaul Andrey
Published: August 2024

Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy for manganite films of various compositions and morphologies has been studied in the range of 1.2–3.7 eV. The primary focus was on the temperature behavior of the MCD spectra, as well as the magnetization and resistivity of the films. The data obtained were analyzed in comparison with magneto-optical spectroscopy of the Kerr rotation (KR) on both single crystal and thin film of manganites. It has been established that the MCD response at 2.3 eV is typical for manganites transitioning into a conducting state. Consequently, it reflects a change in the band structure of the material. This response is also observed in the KR spectrum of manganites in the range 2.3–2.6 eV below the metal-insulator transition temperature. These findings complement the understanding of the electronic structure of manganites in general. Moreover, they also provide a basis for the search for new functional materials.
Extraction of complex pipeline features from incomplete point clouds
Authors: Fu Duduo , Xia Renbo , Zhao Hao , Wang Fangyuan , Zhao Liang , Zhang Tianyu , Chen Yueling
Published: August 2024

Control point detection in industrial pipelines, characterized by flanges and multiple passes, is critical for accurate virtual simulations and quality assessments in manufacturing. This paper introduces an innovative method for detecting control points in complex pipelines using incomplete point clouds, significantly streamlining the process. Our approach uniquely requires only the straight sections and end-plane localizations as inputs, markedly reducing both data acquisition and processing times. We develop a robust feature descriptor to align the CAD model with incomplete point clouds, facilitating semantic automatic segmentation despite the lack of explicit semantic information. Following this, geometric primitives are fitted to the segmented clouds, and a cylindrical fitting algorithm tailored for incomplete data is introduced. The control points are computed based on the relative positions and geometric parameters of these primitives. Our method has been validated through experiments on several real-world industrial complex pipelines. The results confirm that our approach achieves a high measurement accuracy of 0.067 mm, even with point cloud incompleteness up to 50%. These findings highlight the effectiveness of our method in accurately determining the geometric parameters of complex pipelines and suggest its considerable potential for practical applications.
Graph semi-supervised soft sensor modeling based on label propagation algorithm
Authors: Gao Shiwei , Li Tianzhen , Dong Xiaohui
Published: August 2024

Data-driven soft sensor modeling methods have become prevalent in the industry. Nonetheless, the complexity of industrial processes often leads to the absence or difficulty in obtaining key labeled data, and existing methods frequently fail to fully utilize the inherent correlations between variables. This paper proposes a novel graph semi-supervised soft sensor modeling method using the label propagation algorithm to address these issues. This method utilizes correlations within the data to assign pseudo-labels to unlabeled data reasonably and employs graph convolutional networks to capture spatial relationships between nodes. Additionally, by embedding a long short-term memory structure, the model can capture temporal dependencies of the data while focusing on spatial structures. Furthermore, the introduction of a residual structure enables the model to directly learn the differences between inputs and outputs, facilitating information transmission, and improving the model’s feature extraction ability. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
Indoor altitude estimation assisted by inertial compensation and online floor modeling
Authors: Xia Ming , Wang Jiale , Shi Chuang , Wen Weisong
Published: August 2024

Indoor pedestrian altitude information plays a key role in such applications as emergency relief and military reconnaissance. However, height errors of inertial positioning grow without boundary because of the altitude channel divergence of the Strap-down Inertial Navigation System. This article proposes a new vertical location method based on the foot-mounted Inertial Measurement Unit and online floor modeling. First, the number of stairs at each step is calculated after the height of each step is corrected by the error compensation model. Second, the prior height is estimated by utilizing the number of stairs and the stair height. Then, the key point library related to the floor is built online. Finally, the error correction of the vertical displacement is carried out by matching the prior height with the key point library. The gait classification shows that the accuracy based on the error compensation model can reach up to 99%. Moreover, the maximum altitude error is less than 1 m and the accumulated vertical positioning errors are eliminated completely when a pedestrian walks up and down inside a multi-story building, and all these have verified accuracy and robustness of vertical indoor positioning.
Complex-plane singularity dynamics for blow up in a nonlinear heat equation: analysis and computation
Authors: Fasondini M , King J R , Weideman J A C
Published: August 2024

Blow-up solutions to a heat equation with spatial periodicity and a quadratic nonlinearity are studied through asymptotic analyses and a variety of numerical methods. The focus is on tracking the dynamics of the singularities in the complexified space domain all the way from the initial time until the blow-up time, which occurs when the singularities reach the real axis. This widely applicable approach gives forewarning of the possibility of blow up and an understanding of the influence of singularities on the solution behaviour on the real axis, aiding the (perhaps surprisingly involved) asymptotic analysis of the real-line behaviour. The analysis provides a distinction between small and large nonlinear effects, as well as insight into the various time scales over which blow up is approached. The solution to the nonlinear heat equation in the complex spatial plane is shown to be related asymptotically to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation. This latter equation is studied in detail, including its computation on multiple Riemann sheets, providing further insight into the singularities of blow-up solutions of the nonlinear heat equation when viewed as multivalued functions in the complex space domain and illustrating the potential intricacy of singularity dynamics in such (non-integrable) nonlinear contexts.
Machine learning-enhanced electrical impedance myography to diagnose and track spinal muscular atrophy progression
Authors: Sonbas Cobb Buket , Kolb Stephen J , Rutkove Seward B
Published: August 2024

Objective. To evaluate electrical impedance myography (EIM) in conjunction with machine learning (ML) to detect infantile spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and disease progression. Approach. Twenty-six infants with SMA and twenty-seven healthy infants had been enrolled and assessed with EIM as part of the NeuroNEXT SMA biomarker study. We applied a variety of modern, supervised ML approaches to this data, first seeking to differentiate healthy from SMA muscle, and then, using the best method, to track SMA progression. Main Results. Several of the ML algorithms worked well, but linear discriminant analysis (LDA) achieved 88.6% accuracy on subject muscles studied. This contrasts with a maximum of 60% accuracy that could be achieved using the single or multifrequency assessment approaches available at the time. LDA scores were also able to track progression effectively, although a multifrequency reactance-based measure also performed very well in this context. Significance. EIM enhanced with ML promises to be effective for providing effective diagnosis and tracking children and adults with SMA treated with currently available therapies. The normative trends identified here may also inform future applications of the technology in very young children. The basic analyses applied here could also likely be applied to other neuromuscular disorders characterized by muscle atrophy.
Ultrafast artificial intelligence: machine learning with atomic-scale quantum systems
Authors: Pfeifer Thomas , Wollenhaupt Matthias , Lein Manfred
Published: August 2024

We train a model atom to recognize pixel-drawn digits based on hand-written numbers in the range 0–9, employing intense light–matter interaction as a computational resource. For training, the images of the digits are converted into shaped laser pulses (data input pulses). Simultaneously with an input pulse, another shaped pulse (program pulse), polarized in the orthogonal direction, is applied to the atom and the system evolves quantum mechanically according to the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The purpose of the optimal program pulse is to direct the system into specific atomic final states (classification states) that correspond to the input digits. A success rate of about 40% is achieved when using a basic optimization scheme that might be limited by the computational resources for finding the optimal program pulse in a high-dimensional search space. Our key result is the demonstration that the laser-programmed atom is able to generalize, i.e. successful classification is not limited to the training examples, but also the classification of previously unseen images is improved by training. This atom-sized machine-learning image-recognition scheme operates on time scales down to tens of femtoseconds, is scalable towards larger (e.g. molecular) systems, and is readily reprogrammable towards other learning/classification tasks. An experimental implementation of the scheme using ultrafast polarization pulse shaping and differential photoelectron detection is within reach.
Constraining the general oscillatory inflaton potential with freeze-in
dark matter and gravitational waves
Authors: Cembranos Jose A.R. , Karčiauskas Mindaugas
Published: August 2024

The reheating phase after inflation is one of the least observationally constrained epochs
in the evolution of the Universe. The forthcoming gravitational wave observatories will enable us
to constrain at least some of the non-standard scenarios. For example, models where the radiation
bath is produced by the perturbative inflaton decay that oscillates around a minimum of the
potential of the form V ∝ ϕ
2n, with n > 2. In such scenarios a part of the
inflationary gravitational wave spectrum becomes blue tilted, making it observable, depending on
the inflation energy scale and the reheating temperature. The degeneracy between the latter two
parameters can be broken if dark matter in the Universe is produced via the freeze-in
mechanism. The combination of the independent measurement of dark matter mass with gravitational
wave observations makes it possible to constrain the reheating temperature and the energy scale at
the end of inflation, at least within some parameter ranges.
A self-organised partition of the high dimensional plasma parameter space for plasma disruption prediction
Authors: Aymerich Enrico , Fanni Alessandra , Pisano Fabio , Sias Giuliana , Cannas Barbara ,   JET Contributors,   WPTE Team
Published: August 2024

This paper introduces a disruption predictor constructed through a fully unsupervised two-dimensional mapping of the high-dimensional JET operational space. The primary strength of this disruption predictor lies in its inherent self-organization capability. Diverging from both supervised disruption predictors and earlier approaches suggested by the same authors, which were based on unsupervised models such as Self-Organizing or Generative Topographic Maps, this predictor eliminates the need for labeling data of disruption terminated pulses during training. In prior methods, labels were indeed required post-mapping to inform the model about the presence or absence of disruption precursors at each time instant during the disrupted discharges. In contrast, our approach in this study involves no labeling of data from disruption-terminated experiments. The Self-Organizing Map, operating without any a priori information, adeptly identifies the regions characterizing the pre-disruptive phase. Moreover, SOM discovers non-trivial relationships and captures the complicated interplay of device diagnostics on the internal plasma states from the experimental data. The provided model is highly interpretable; it allows the visualization of high-dimensional data and facilitates easy interrogation of the model to understand the reasons behind its correlations. Hence, utilizing SOMs across various devices can prove invaluable in extracting rules and identifying common patterns, thereby facilitating extrapolation to ITER of the knowledge acquired from existing tokamaks.
Circular Economy: Sustainable Agricultural Tourism Development Solution in Phu Giao District, Binh Duong Province
Authors: Trang Ngo Thi Thu
Published: August 2024

Agriculture applying circular solutions is an appropriate approach for sustainable agricultural development and delivering high-quality agricultural products to consumers. Additionally, coordinating tourism activities brings benefits in promoting agricultural products and establishing closer connections with consumers. Phu Giao is a district located in the northeastern part of Binh Duong province, known for its favorable land, climate, and water resources for agricultural development. Currently, most ecological agriculture production facilities in Phu Giao district are privately-owned farms with extensive land areas. Identifying potentials, opportunities, and further developing circular agriculture models in conjunction with tourism is a necessary prerequisite for researching sustainable local economic development solutions. Through on-site surveys, in-depth interviews, and questionnaire surveys in the study area, the authors propose solutions for develop circular agriculture tourism model.
Groundwater quality and people’s awareness – A case study in Hoang Tay commune, Kim Bang district, Ha Nam province
Authors: Hai N T , Vinh N T , Vigneswaran S , Ha N T H , Hoai T T , Tuan NQ
Published: August 2024

In this study, groundwater quality in Hoang Tay commune, Kim Bang districts, Ha Nam province was investigated. The results show that the groundwater in this area was highly polluted by arsenic (As), iron (Fe), ammonium (NH4
+), and coliform. Total As concentrations in the groundwater ranged from 0.06 to 0.178 mg/L. Although total As concentrations remarkably decreased after sand filtration (0.013-0.109 mg/L), As in the sand-filtered groundwater was still up to 10 times higher than the As safety limit (0.01 mg/L). In addition, the high concentration of Fe and the Fe/As ratio in Hoang Tay’s groundwater play a critical function in effectively removing As from groundwater. NH4
+ level in groundwater was also remarkably high (8.62–58.8 mg/L), which is roundly 28 to 196 times higher than the NH4
+ safety standard in Vietnam’s technical guideline on domestic water quality (QCVN 01:2018/BYT). The structured interview showed that most of interviewed people (69%) are aware of groundwater quality issues. However, due to the issues of tap water supply in the area, the majority of the households (78.3%) were still using groundwater for their drinking purposes and other daily activities. There is a high demand for safe water in this commune.
Impact of natural disaster on agriculture in Tuyen Hoa district, Quang Binh province.
Authors: Xuan Tu Doan , Hoang Son Nguyen , Dinh Cham Dao , Phuc Chi Lang Le , Huu Thinh Phan
Published: August 2024

Climate change is a challenge for people whose livelihoods depend on agricultural production. In particular, the agricultural production activities of people in Tuyen Hoa district, Quang Binh province, were affected by natural disasters. Therefore, it is imperative to assess the natural disaster situation in Tuyen Hoa district by examining farmers’ awareness of potential climate and impacts on the crop and livestock sectors. Data related to climate change were provided by the authorities of Tuyen Hoa district communes and then analyzed in combination with local people’s perceptions using Excel software (2019). Quantitative data collected from semi-structured interviews through 241 farmer household surveys in Tuyen Hoa district was processed using computer software called Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 26) to calculate the potential impact index of natural disasters on agricultural production. Research results show that: (1) natural disasters (storms, tropical depressions, floods, droughts, Soil salinity) appear with high frequency, but landslides and flash floods have low frequency; (2) the risk of natural disasters impacting crop production is greater than livestock farming. Among them, storms, tropical depressions, floods, and droughts have a high impact. Landslides and flash floods have a low impact. (3) Communes located in the southeast of Tuyen Hoa district have a greater risk of natural disaster impacts than the remaining communes. This result will help local managers make appropriate adaptation measures for climate change and natural disasters locally.
Landscape Characters of Kampung Ciomas for Eco-edutourism
Authors: Kusumoarto A , Hidayat J T , Risnadewi N , Rejoni R
Published: August 2024

Kampung Ciomas has a natural physical environment. This condition has the potential to become a tourist destination with an eco-edutourism theme. This research aims to analyze the landscape character of Kampung Ciomas for eco-edutourism. Analysis was carried out using quantitative descriptive and qualitative descriptive methods. The research stages carried out were: 1) analyzing land cover, 2) analyzing slope, and 3) analyzing landscape character. The results of the analysis showed that there were 28 types of landscape character which were dominated by green open spaces on hill slopes. The landscape character protection required is the protection of green open space on sloping hills and moderate hills. Modifications of the landscape character required include the removal of several elements that are not in harmony with several buildings and ponds on sloping hillsides, stalls on sloping hills, emphasizing natural forms planned on green open space on medium hills, changes in natural form are planned for green open space on flat, undulating slopes and sloping hills, intensification is carried out on green open space on sloping hills and medium hills, intensive visual quality improvements are intensively planned for green open space on flat, undulating slopes, sloping hills and moderate hills, circulation paths on undulating slopes and sloping hills, BTS (Base Transceiver Station), WWTP (Waste Water Treatment Plant), parking lots on sloping hillsides, cemeteries and mosque on sloping hillsides. The impact of this research is providing alternative tourism in Bogor accordance environmental conditions and environmental utilization through conservation and education efforts.
The Spatial Analysis of Traditional Rice Terrace Villages in Bali, Indonesia and Ifugao, Philippines Using a Syntactic Approach
Authors: Go C H C , Nadal C D S
Published: August 2024

Villages, characterized by rice terraces (RT) and traditional settlements, are cultural landscape heritage that necessitates conservation. These spaces play a crucial role in maintaining environmental, historical, economic values and fostering identify formation and evolution of communities. As such, this research, designed as a comparative study, investigated the spatial characteristics and arrangement of traditional rice terrace (RT) villages in Indonesia and the Philippines, focusing on Tegallalang and Batad. Employing a syntactic approach and Lynch’s imageability framework, the study analyzed paths, edges, districts, and landmarks to assess RT villages. Data integration included GIS analysis, semi-structured interviews, field visits, and literature reviews. Findings revealed distinct spatial features influenced by individual history and sociocultural context, emphasizing the interplay between geography, culture, and village structure. Additionally, the study highlights the impact of village layout on broader aspects such as tourism dynamics and economic activities. Insights from Tegallalang and Batad inform strategies for cultural heritage conservation, community empowerment, and environmental sustainability in village settings. Ultimately, this research contributes to understanding rural communities and their landscape dynamics, informing village planning for long-term sustainability.
Towards Greener Airports: Landscape of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Based on RSV-P (Road Speed Bump’s Vibration Power Plant)
Authors: Raharjo E P , Dwipayana A D , Sulistyo A B , Ahmad R
Published: August 2024

One potential that can be implemented at Ngurah Rai International Airport considering the number of passengers, parking capacity, and the implementation of Bali Governor Regulation No. 45 of 2019 concerning Clean Energy Bali and Bali Governor Regulation No. 48 of 2019 concerning the use of Battery-Based Electric Vehicles (BEVs), is the landscape of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations based on RSV-P (Road Speed Bump’s Vibration Power Plant). This research focuses on the landscape of a charging station based on RSV-P. This research activity was carried out by the authors using literacy study data collection techniques, field studies and sources of information using secondary data. The landscape is designed to incorporate local wisdom and cultural aspects of the Balinese community, making designs by simulating calculations based on previous research results, calculating the position of speed bumps, batteries storage, charging stations include solar panels, parking areas according to conditions at domestic terminals and considering the average influx of about 300 to 500 four-wheelers and six-wheelers (buses) every day RSV-P can be applied as an initial study for the management of Ngurah Rai Int Airport. The impact of this research is to provide a study option for implementing green energy towards a green airport, by prioritizing green energy initiatives at Ngurah Rai Int airport, we are not only investing in environmental sustainability, but also in a more efficient, innovative, and competitive airport future.
Possible influence of the large-scale environment on extreme waves over the Yellow Sea in boreal spring
Authors: Kim Hye-Ji , Lee Dong Eun , Yoo Jeseon , Baek Haedo
Published: August 2024

The Yellow Sea (YS) is exposed to various weather systems, such as typhoons, monsoon activities, and extratropical cyclones, which can pose a major threat to the adjacent coastal regions through the development of energetic oceanic surface waves. Unusually severe surface wave events in the YS occur with considerable frequency during the boreal spring (March-April-May), but have received less attention compared to winter and summer. This study focuses on the characteristics of spring extreme wave height (EWH) events in the YS during 1979-2022, based on observational and long-term reanalysis datasets. Our analysis shows that extreme waves, i.e. daily maximum heights in the top 5% of all spring days, take about 12 h to build up to the peaks, while they decay more slowly after the peaks. During the extreme events, the Siberian High is found to extend anomalously eastward compared to spring climatology. Such an anomalous extension contributes to the increase of the sea level pressure gradient and the intensification of the surface wind speed in the YS. Meanwhile, in the range of 6 ∼ 24 h following the peaks of the EWH events in the YS, swells induced by strong northerly winds begin to have an impact in the YS. These swells contribute to maintaining higher wave energy levels in the YS for longer after the atmospheric source has been removed. We further explore the large-scale environmental conditions that could provide the predictability of extreme waves in the basin developed by these findings. This study presents implications for assessing the risks associated with extreme waves in coastal regions and for improving coastal management strategies in the YS.
A Diophantine definition of the constants in ℚ(𝕫)
Authors: Garcia-Fritz Natalia , Pasten Hector
Published: August 2024

It is an old problem in the area of Diophantine definability to determine whether

Q

\mathbb {Q}

is Diophantine in

Q

(
z
)

\mathbb {Q}(z)

. Conditional on two standard conjectures on elliptic surfaces, we provide a positive answer; namely, we show that such a Diophantine definition exists.
Preliminaries
Authors: Lenman James
Published: August 2024

This book’s core concern will be to argue that without having to embrace the questionable metaphysical commitments of robust normative realism or libertarian free will we can make sense of the possibility of a moral community: a community of rational creatures, living lives together regulated by shared normative standards and understandings that shape their expectations of each other and holding each other responsible for their actions in the light of those shared standards and understandings. We can imagine this moreover without supposing the people who comprise this community to commit any errors, believe any fictions, live any lies, or be subject to any illusions. In my central metaethical argument I shall seek to make sense of our normative thought in a way rooted in our culture and the passions in our souls, a way that avoids the dubious metaphysical claims of robust normative realism without giving way to any kind of normative or moral scepticism.
Impassioned Interpretations
Authors: Lenman James
Published: August 2024

The communitarian form of constructive expressivism defended here demystifies intuitions and explains why they matter. Intuitions are impassioned interpretations. They express our engaged understanding of our inheritance of shared normative understandings. This view can avoid both a stifling and uncritical conventionalism and the crude voluntarism that understands moral judgements as mere personal emotional sounding off. Moral judgements must be engaged with the Big Important Thing We Share, our shared normative inheritance but they must also be the emotionally plugged in judgements of participants. This view allows us to tame concerns about relativism and also defuse Andy Egan’s ‘smugness’ objection to expressivism. There are indeed, on this view, limits to our fallibility but they consist in its licensing our confidence that our shared values and commitments are not wildly and radically wrong and confidence of that kind is not smugness and is not a vice.
Introduction
Authors: Howard-Johnston James
Published: August 2024

Tutorial discussions with undergraduate pupils at Oxford generated the ideas presented in these nine essays. Attention is turned away from the history of events, to focus on the fundamental structural features of Byzantium. The relatively few useful sources are subjected to the closest possible scrutiny. Key developments in economic, social, and institutional history are placed in context, first in the formative era of war in the seventh and eighth centuries, second in the era of revival which began in the ninth century. Two essays (Chapter 2 on militarization in the seventh and eighth centuries, and Chapter 7 on law making in the tenth century) have been specially written for this volume. The remaining seven have been thoroughly revised and updated since their original publication. The overriding aim is to bring out the peculiar character of Byzantium, a vestige of the ancient world, which had to adapt to early medieval circumstances.
Goods and Services Tax in India
Authors: Srivastava D K , Bharadwaj Muralikrishna
Published: August 2024

In India, GST was introduced comparatively later than in many other countries. Part of the reason for this was India’s complex federal fiscal arrangement and its existing indirect tax system. After much deliberation and consultation with the stakeholders, GST was eventually introduced with effect from 1 July 2017. In contrast to the preference for a two- or three-rate GST structure, India started with a five-rate structure. The initial years of the implementation of GST showed its revenue inadequacy, continued tax evasion, and high compliance burden, and continuation of the inverted duty structure. India’s GST needs important additional reforms before it can fulfil its expectations of having a positive impact on efficiency and growth.