bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survey on Wireless Sensor Network Technologies for Industrial Automation: The Security and Quality of Service Perspectives
Authors: Christin Delphine , Mogre Parag S. , Hollick Matthias
Published: April 2010

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are gradually adopted in the industrial world due to their advantages over wired networks. In addition to saving cabling costs, WSNs widen the realm of environments feasible for monitoring. They thus add sensing and acting capabilities to objects in the physical world and allow for communication among these objects or with services in the future Internet. However, the acceptance of WSNs by the industrial automation community is impeded by open issues, such as security guarantees and provision of Quality of Service (QoS). To examine both of these perspectives, we select and survey relevant WSN technologies dedicated to industrial automation. We determine QoS requirements and carry out a threat analysis, which act as basis of our evaluation of the current state-of-the-art. According to the results of this evaluation, we identify and discuss open research issues.
Acetylene-Based Materials in Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Silvestri Fabio , Marrocchi Assunta
Published: April 2010

Fossil fuel alternatives, such as solar energy, are moving to the forefront in a variety of research fields. Organic photovoltaic systems hold the promise of a lightweight, flexible, cost-effective solar energy conversion platform, which could benefit from simple solution-processing of the active layer. The discovery of semiconductive polyacetylene by Heeger et al. in the late 1970s was a milestone towards the use of organic materials in electronics; the development of efficient protocols for the palladium catalyzed alkynylation reactions and the new conception of steric and conformational advantages of acetylenes have been recently focused the attention on conjugated triple-bond containing systems as a promising class of semiconductors for OPVs applications. We review here the most important and representative (poly)arylacetylenes that have been used in the field. A general introduction to (poly)arylacetylenes, and the most common synthetic approaches directed toward making these materials will be firstly given. After a brief discussion on working principles and critical parameters of OPVs, we will focus on molecular arylacetylenes, (co)polymers containing triple bonds, and metallopolyyne polymers as p-type semiconductor materials. The last section will deal with hybrids in which oligomeric/polymeric structures incorporating acetylenic linkages such as phenylene ethynylenes have been attached onto C60, and their use as the active materials in photovoltaic devices.
Anti-photoaging and Photoprotective Compounds Derived from Marine Organisms
Authors: Pallela Ramjee , Na-Young Yoon , Kim Se-Kwon
Published: April 2010

Marine organisms form a prominent component of the oceanic population, which significantly contribute in the production of cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical molecules with biologically efficient moieties. In addition to the molecules of various biological activities like anti-bacterial, anti-cancerous, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative etc., these organisms also produce potential photoprotective or anti-photoaging agents, which are attracting present day researchers. Continuous exposure to UV irradiation (both UV-A and UV-B) leads to the skin cancer and other photoaging complications, which are typically mediated by the reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated in the oxidative pathways. Many of the anti-oxidative and anti-photoaging compounds have been identified previously, which work efficiently against photodamage of the skin. Recently, marine originated photoprotective or anti-photoaging behavior was observed in the methanol extracts of Corallina pilulifera (CPM). These extracts were found to exert potent antioxidant activity and protective effect on UV-A-induced oxidative stress in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells by protecting DNA and also by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a key component in photoaging of the skin due to exposure to UV-A. The present review depicts various other photoprotective compounds from algae and other marine sources for further elaborative research and their probable use in cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical industries.
Thermal Analysis Applied to Verapamil Hydrochloride Characterization in Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Yoshida Maria Irene , Gomes Elionai Cassiana Lima , Soares Cristina Duarte Vianna , Cunha Alexandre Frinhani , Oliveira Marcelo Antonio
Published: April 2010

Thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are useful techniques that have been successfully applied in the pharmaceutical industry to reveal important information regarding the physicochemical properties of drug and excipient molecules such as polymorphism, stability, purity, formulation compatibility among others. Verapamil hydrochloride shows thermal stability up to 180 °C and melts at 146 °C, followed by total degradation. The drug is compatible with all the excipients evaluated. The drug showed degradation when subjected to oxidizing conditions, suggesting that the degradation product is 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid derived from alkyl side chain oxidation. Verapamil hydrochloride does not present the phenomenon of polymorphism under the conditions evaluated. Assessing the drug degradation kinetics, the drug had a shelf life (t90) of 56.7 years and a pharmaceutical formulation showed t90 of 6.8 years showing their high stability.
Bifunctional Catalysis: Direct Reductive Amination of Aliphatic Ketones with an Iridium-Phosphate Catalyst
Authors: Villa-Marcos Barbara , Li Chaoqun , Mulholland Keith R. , Hogan Philip J. , Xiao Jianliang
Published: April 2010

Chiral amines are one of the ubiquitous functional groups in fine chemical, pharmaceutical and agrochemical products, and the most convenient, economical, and eco-benign synthetic pathway to these amines is direct asymmetric reductive amination (DARA) of prochiral ketones. This paper shows that a wide range of aliphatic ketones can be directly aminated under hydrogenation conditions, affording chiral amines with good to excellent yields and with enantioselectivities up to 96% ee. The catalysis is effected by the cooperative action of a cationic Cp*Ir(III) complex and its phosphate counteranion.
Automation in the High-throughput Selection of Random Combinatorial Libraries—Different Approaches for Select Applications
Authors: Glökler Jörn , Schütze Tatjana , Konthur Zoltán
Published: April 2010

Automation in combination with high throughput screening methods has revolutionised molecular biology in the last two decades. Today, many combinatorial libraries as well as several systems for automation are available. Depending on scope, budget and time, a different combination of library and experimental handling might be most effective. In this review we will discuss several concepts of combinatorial libraries and provide information as what to expect from these depending on the given context.
New 3H-Indole Synthesis by Fischer’s Method. Part I.
Authors: Sajjadifar Sami , Vahedi Hooshang , Massoudi Abdolhossien , Louie Omid
Published: April 2010

Methyl indolenines (4a-c) and(5a-c) were prepared in high yield by a Fischer indole synthesis reaction of o,m-tolylhydrazine hydrochlorides (1a-b) with isopropyl methyl ketone (2) and 2-methylcyclohexanone (3) in acetic acid at room temperature. o,p- Nitrophenylhydrazines (1c-d) were reacted with 2-methylcyclohexanone (3) in acetic acid at reflux to give nitroindolenines (5d-e), while the attempted reactions of o,p-nitrohydrazines with isopropyl methyl ketone (2) in acetic acid were not successful. Compounds(1c-d) were reacted with isopropyl methyl ketone (2) in acetic acid/HCl to give 2,3,3-trimethyl-5-nitro-indolenine (4e) and 2,3,3-trimethyl-7-nitroindolenine (4d).
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Ag-N-Hetero-cyclic Carbene Complexes
Authors: Özdemir İlknur , Özcan Emine Özge , Günal Selami , Gürbüz Nevin
Published: April 2010

A series of imidazolidinium ligand precursors are metallated with Ag2O to give silver(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes. All compounds were fully characterized by elemental analyses, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and IR spectroscopy techniques. All compounds studied in this work were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activities against the standard strains: Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and the fungi Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. The new imidazolidin-2-ylidene silver complexes have been found to display effective antimicrobial activity against a series of bacteria and fungi.
Synthesis and Characterization of Two Novel Organic-Inorganic Compounds Based on Tetrahexyl and Tetraheptyl Ammonium Ions and the Preyssler Anion and Their Catalytic Activities in the Synthesis of 4-Aminopyrazolo[3,4-d]- Pyrimidines
Authors: Bamoharram Fatemeh Farrash
Published: April 2010

Two novel organic–inorganic compounds based on tetrahexylammonium (THA) and tetraheptylammonium (THPA) ions and the Preyssler anion, [NaP5W30O110]14-, were synthesized and formulated as (THA)7.7H6.3 [NaP5W30O110] (A) and (THPA)7.5 H6.5[N aP5W30O110] (B). The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, UV, and TGA and used for the catalytic synthesis of 4-aminopyrazolo[3,4,-d]pyrimidine derivatives 2a-2d. Our findings showed efficient catalytic activities for A and B.
Per-Field Irrigated Crop Classification in Arid Central Asia Using SPOT and ASTER Data
Authors: Conrad Christopher , Fritsch Sebastian , Zeidler Julian , Rücker Gerd , Dech Stefan
Published: April 2010

The overarching goal of this research was to explore accurate methods of mapping irrigated crops, where digital cadastre information is unavailable: (a) Boundary separation by object-oriented image segmentation using very high spatial resolution (2.5–5 m) data was followed by (b) identification of crops and crop rotations by means of phenology, tasselled cap, and rule-based classification using high resolution (15–30 m) bi-temporal data. The extensive irrigated cotton production system of the Khorezm province in Uzbekistan, Central Asia, was selected as a study region. Image segmentation was carried out on pan-sharpened SPOT data. Varying combinations of segmentation parameters (shape, compactness, and color) were tested for optimized boundary separation. The resulting geometry was validated against polygons digitized from the data and cadastre maps, analysing similarity (size, shape) and congruence. The parameters shape and compactness were decisive for segmentation accuracy. Differences between crop phenologies were analyzed at field level using bi-temporal ASTER data. A rule set based on the tasselled cap indices greenness and brightness allowed for classifying crop rotations of cotton, winter-wheat and rice, resulting in an overall accuracy of 80 %. The proposed field-based crop classification method can be an important tool for use in water demand estimations, crop yield simulations, or economic models in agricultural systems similar to Khorezm.
Advanced Taste Sensors Based on Artificial Lipids with Global Selectivity to Basic Taste Qualities and High Correlation to Sensory Scores
Authors: Kobayashi Yoshikazu , Habara Masaaki , Ikezazki Hidekazu , Chen Ronggang , Naito Yoshinobu , Toko Kiyoshi
Published: April 2010

Effective R&D and strict quality control of a broad range of foods, beverages, and pharmaceutical products require objective taste evaluation. Advanced taste sensors using artificial-lipid membranes have been developed based on concepts of global selectivity and high correlation with human sensory score. These sensors respond similarly to similar basic tastes, which they quantify with high correlations to sensory score. Using these unique properties, these sensors can quantify the basic tastes of saltiness, sourness, bitterness, umami, astringency and richness without multivariate analysis or artificial neural networks. This review describes all aspects of these taste sensors based on artificial lipid, ranging from the response principle and optimal design methods to applications in the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical markets.
Information Warfare-Worthy Jamming Attack Detection Mechanism for Wireless Sensor Networks Using a Fuzzy Inference System
Authors: Misra Sudip , Singh Ranjit , Mohan S. V. Rohith
Published: April 2010

The proposed mechanism for jamming attack detection for wireless sensor networks is novel in three respects: firstly, it upgrades the jammer to include versatile military jammers; secondly, it graduates from the existing node-centric detection system to the network-centric system making it robust and economical at the nodes, and thirdly, it tackles the problem through fuzzy inference system, as the decision regarding intensity of jamming is seldom crisp. The system with its high robustness, ability to grade nodes with jamming indices, and its true-detection rate as high as 99.8%, is worthy of consideration for information warfare defense purposes.
Webcams for Bird Detection and Monitoring: A Demonstration Study
Authors: Verstraeten Willem W. , Vermeulen Bart , Stuckens Jan , Lhermitte Stefaan , Van der Zande Dimitry , Van Ranst Marc , Coppin Pol
Published: April 2010

Better insights into bird migration can be a tool for assessing the spread of avian borne infections or ecological/climatologic issues reflected in deviating migration patterns. This paper evaluates whether low budget permanent cameras such as webcams can offer a valuable contribution to the reporting of migratory birds. An experimental design was set up to study the detection capability using objects of different size, color and velocity. The results of the experiment revealed the minimum size, maximum velocity and contrast of the objects required for detection by a standard webcam. Furthermore, a modular processing scheme was proposed to track and follow migratory birds in webcam recordings. Techniques such as motion detection by background subtraction, stereo vision and lens distortion were combined to form the foundation of the bird tracking algorithm. Additional research to integrate webcam networks, however, is needed and future research should enforce the potential of the processing scheme by exploring and testing alternatives of each individual module or processing step.
Levelling Profiles and a GPS Network to Monitor the Active Folding and Faulting Deformation in the Campo de Dalias (Betic Cordillera, Southeastern Spain)
Authors: Marín-Lechado Carlos , Galindo-Zaldívar Jesús , Gil Antonio José , Borque María Jesús , De Lacy María Clara , Pedrera Antonio , López-Garrido Angel Carlos , Alfaro Pedro , García-Tortosa Francisco , Ramos Maria Isabel , Rodríguez-Caderot Gracia , Rodríguez-Fernández José , Ruiz-Constán Ana , De Galdeano-Equiza Carlos Sanz
Published: April 2010

The Campo de Dalias is an area with relevant seismicity associated to the active tectonic deformations of the southern boundary of the Betic Cordillera. A non-permanent GPS network was installed to monitor, for the first time, the fault- and fold-related activity. In addition, two high precision levelling profiles were measured twice over a one-year period across the Balanegra Fault, one of the most active faults recognized in the area. The absence of significant movement of the main fault surface suggests seismogenic behaviour. The possible recurrence interval may be between 100 and 300 y. The repetitive GPS and high precision levelling monitoring of the fault surface during a long time period may help us to determine future fault behaviour with regard to the existence (or not) of a creep component, the accumulation of elastic deformation before faulting, and implications of the fold-fault relationship.
Structures and Encapsulation Motifs of Functional Molecules Probed by Laser Spectroscopic and Theoretical Methods
Authors: Kusaka Ryoji , Inokuchi Yoshiya , Xantheas Sotiris S. , Ebata Takayuki
Published: April 2010

We report laser spectroscopic and computational studies of host/guest hydration interactions between functional molecules (hosts) and water (guest) in supersonic jets. The examined hosts include dibenzo-18-crown-6-ether (DB18C6), benzo-18-crown-6-ether (B18C6) and calix[4]arene (C4A). The gaseous complexes between the functional molecular hosts and water are generated under jet-cooled conditions. Various laser spectroscopic methods are applied for these species: the electronic spectra are observed by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), mass-selected resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) and ultraviolet-ultraviolet hole-burning (UV-UV HB) spectroscopy, whereas the vibrational spectra for each individual species are observed by infrared-ultraviolet double resonance (IR-UV DR) spectroscopy. The obained results are analyzed by first principles electronic structure calculations. We discuss the conformations of the host molecules, the structures of the complexes, and key interactions forming the specific complexes.
Plasma Plume Oscillations Monitoring during Laser Welding of Stainless Steel by Discrete Wavelet Transform Application
Authors: Sibillano Teresa , Ancona Antonio , Rizzi Domenico , Lupo Valentina , Tricarico Luigi , Lugarà Pietro Mario
Published: April 2010

The plasma optical radiation emitted during CO2 laser welding of stainless steel samples has been detected with a Si-PIN photodiode and analyzed under different process conditions. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) has been used to decompose the optical signal into various discrete series of sequences over different frequency bands. The results show that changes of the process settings may yield different signal features in the range of frequencies between 200 Hz and 30 kHz. Potential applications of this method to monitor in real time the laser welding processes are also discussed.
Optical Fiber LSPR Biosensor Prepared by Gold Nanoparticle Assembly on Polyelectrolyte Multilayer
Authors: Shao Yunliang , Xu Shuping , Zheng Xianliang , Wang Ye , Xu Weiqing
Published: April 2010

This article provides a novel method of constructing an optical fiber localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensor. A gold nanoparticle (NP) assembled film as the sensing layer was built on the polyelectrolyte (PE) multilayer modified sidewall of an unclad optical fiber. By using a trilayer PE structure, we obtained a monodisperse gold NP assembled film. The preparation procedure for this LSPR sensor is simple and time saving. The optical fiber LSPR sensor has higher sensitivity and outstanding reproducibility. The higher anti-interference ability for response to an antibody makes it a promising method in application as a portable immuno-sensor.
Lie Symmetries of Differential Equations: Classical Results and Recent Contributions
Authors: Oliveri Francesco
Published: April 2010

Lie symmetry analysis of differential equations provides a powerful and fundamental framework to the exploitation of systematic procedures leading to the integration by quadrature (or at least to lowering the order) of ordinary differential equations, to the determination of invariant solutions of initial and boundary value problems, to the derivation of conservation laws, to the construction of links between different differential equations that turn out to be equivalent. This paper reviews some well known results of Lie group analysis, as well as some recent contributions concerned with the transformation of differential equations to equivalent forms useful to investigate applied problems.
Signal Inhibitory Receptor on Leukocytes-1 Is a Novel Functional Inhibitory Immune Receptor Expressed on Human Phagocytes
Authors: Steevels Tessa A. M. , Lebbink Robert Jan , Westerlaken Geertje H. A. , Coffer Paul J. , Meyaard Linde
Published: April 2010

Myeloid cells play a crucial role in controlling infection. Activation of these cells needs to be tightly regulated, because their potent effector functions can damage host tissue. Inhibitory receptors expressed by immune cells play an important role in restricting immune cell activation. In this study, we have characterized a hitherto unidentified ITIM-bearing receptor that is highly expressed on human neutrophils and monocytes: signal inhibitory receptor on leukocytes-1 (SIRL-1). The chromosomal location of SIRL-1 is adjacent to the human leukocyte receptor complex on chromosome 19q13.4 and contains two ITIMs in its cytoplasmic tail. As a classical ITIM-bearing receptor, SIRL-1 is capable of inhibiting FcεRI-mediated signaling and can recruit the Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatases Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatases 1 and 2. To investigate the specific involvement of the individual ITIMs in this study, mutational analysis was performed, which revealed that both ITIMs are crucial for SIRL-1 inhibitory function and phosphatase recruitment. When primary cells were stimulated in vitro, SIRL-1high monocytes produce less TNF-α than SIRL-1low monocytes. Thus, SIRL-1 is a novel inhibitory immune receptor belonging to the growing family of ITIM-bearing receptors that is implied in the regulation of phagocytes.
The Inflammasome Mediates Hyperoxia-Induced Alveolar Cell Permeability
Authors: Kolliputi Narasaiah , Shaik Rahamthulla S. , Waxman Aaron B.
Published: April 2010

A hallmark of hyperoxic acute lung injury is the influx of inflammatory cells to lung tissue and the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β; however, the mechanisms connecting hyperoxia and the inflammatory response to lung damage is not clear. The inflammasome protein complex activates caspase-1 to promote the processing and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. We hypothesized that hyperoxia-induced K+ efflux activates the inflammasome via the purinergic P2X7 receptor to cause inflammation and hyperoxic acute lung injury. To test this hypothesis, we characterized the expression and activation of inflammasome components in primary murine alveolar macrophages exposed to hyperoxia (95% oxygen and 5% CO2) in vitro, and in alveolar macrophages isolated from mice exposed to hyperoxia (100% oxygen). Our results showed that hyperoxia increased K+ efflux, inflammasome formation, release of proinflammatory cytokines, and induction of caspase-1 and IL-1β cleavage both in vitro and in vivo. The P2X7 agonist ATP enhanced hyperoxia-induced inflammasome activation, whereas the P2X7 antagonist, oxidized ATP, inhibited hyperoxia induced inflammasome activation. In addition, when ATP was scavenged with apyrase, hyperoxia-induced inflammasome activation was significantly decreased. Furthermore, short hairpin RNA silencing of inflammasome components abrogated hyperoxia-induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in vitro. These results suggest that hyperoxia induces K+ efflux through the P2X7 receptor, leading to inflammasome activation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. These events would affect the permeability of the alveolar epithelium and ultimately lead to epithelial barrier dysfunction and cell death.
NKT Cell-Dependent Regulation of Secondary Antigen-Specific, Conventional CD4+ T Cell Immune Responses
Authors: Shin YoungHyun , Hong Changwan , Lee Hyunji , Shin Jung Hoon , Hong Seokmann , Park Se-Ho
Published: April 2010

NKT cells are considered to be innate-like regulatory cells. However, their regulatory functions in adaptive immune responses have not been studied in detail. In this study, we investigated the immunoregulatory functions of NKT cells during the secondary phase of an Ag-specific CD4+ T cell response. When compared with OVA-specific effector CD4+ T cells adoptively transferred into NKT cell-deficient naive CD1d−/− mice, the same T cells transferred into naive CD1d+/− mice exhibited substantially stronger immune responses on OVA challenge. The enhanced immune response of the transferred CD4+ T cells in the presence of NKT cells correlated with an increase in their proliferation in vivo. In addition, T cells transferred into CD1d+/− recipients showed enhanced cytokine productions relative to T cells in CD1d−/− recipients. To elucidate the physiological relevance of the regulatory role of NKT cells in a disease setting, OVA-specific asthma was induced in recipient mice after adoptive transfer of OVA-specific CD4+ T cells. CD1d+/− recipients showed stronger asthmatic phenotypes in all indications when compared with CD1d−/− recipients. Taken together, these results suggest that NKT cells are critical for the regulation of Ag-specific, conventional CD4+ T cells during the secondary phase of an adaptive immune response.
Identification of differentially expressed proteins of a new rice mutant with albino green-revertible trait in the seedling stage
Authors: Dong H , Zeng H
Published: April 2010

Chlorophyll-deficient mutants have been employed to study the mechanism of chlorophyll and chloroplast biogenesis in plants. We found a new chlorophyll-deficient mutant rice line (W02S) whose leaves, unlike those of its isogenic line (Peiai64S), became etiolated at the two-leaf stage and turned green at the three-leaf stage. 2-D gel electrophoresis was performed, and proteins that were differentially expressed between W02S and Peiai64S were selected for MALDI-TOF MS analysis. A total of 44 highly differentially expressed proteins were collected from the two-leaf stage of W02S. These 44 proteins can be classified into 10 categories, 15 were novel and unknown functional proteins, 6 proteins participated in the EMP-TCA-ETC pathway, and 4 proteins were involved in the in signal transduction. Four representative protein spots were selected for real-time quantitative PCR analysis. The mRNA levels of three genes encoding an enolase, a chloroplast 29 kDa ribonucleoprotein and a proteasome alpha subunit were significantly increased in the samples from the two-leaf stage of W02S, indicating that a substantial proportion of protein changes is the consequence of altered mRNA levels during the seedling stages of the mutant rice. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms for chlorophyll-deficient mutant rice and other plants as well.Key words: Oryza sativa L., 2-D gel , real time PCR, chlorophyll-deficient mutant
Comparison of heritable pleiotropic effects of the glabrous and flat shape traits of peach
Authors: Lirong W , Gengrui Z , Weichao F , Ke C , Changwen C
Published: April 2010

The genetic variants of peach to nectarine and of round to flat fruit shape are associated with broad heritable pleiotropic effects. In the present study, 216 individuals of four cross families were compared for fruit weight and soluble sugar content (SSC) to identify their effects. Peach fruit weight was increased by 42.7, 23.0 and 125.0% and peach fruit SSC was decreased by 14.7, 7.3 and 24.7% compared with nectarine, flat peach and flat-nectarine, respectively. The weight decrease and the SSC increase in flat-nectarine were about equal to the sum of those for nectarine and flat peach. The additive effect of the glabrous and flat shape traits on fruit weight and SSC made the flat-nectarine extremely small, but high in SSC.Key words: Peach, pleiotropic effects, glabrous trait, flat shape trait
Inflow intrusions at multiple scales in a large temperate lake
Authors: Laborde S. , Antenucci J. P. , Copetti D. , Imberger J.
Published: April 2010

Lake Como receives inflows of vastly varying scales. The majority of the lake's water comes from the alpine inflows to the north, and much smaller inflows supply large amounts of pollutants in the south. We combined various data sets with a three‐dimensional hydrodynamic model to investigate the processes affecting the fate of these inflows with potential applications for management responses to both pollution and climate change effects. During the stratified period inflow waters from the northern alpine sources intrude in the metalimnion, undergo a deflection due to the Earth's rotation, and subsequently affect local flushing in a semi‐closed embayment receiving the shallower intrusions of the small polluted inflows.
Three‐Dimensional Atomic Force Microscopy – Taking Surface Imaging to the Next Level
Authors: Baykara Mehmet Z. , Schwendemann Todd C. , Altman Eric I. , Schwarz Udo D.
Published: April 2010

Materials properties are ultimately determined by the nature of the interactions between the atoms that form the material. On surfaces, the site‐specific spatial distribution of force and energy fields governs the phenomena encountered. This article reviews recent progress in the development of a measurement mode called three‐dimensional atomic force microscopy (3D‐AFM) that allows the dense, three‐dimensional mapping of these surface fields with atomic resolution. Based on noncontact atomic force microscopy, 3D‐AFM is able to provide more detailed information on surface properties than ever before, thanks to the simultaneous multi‐channel acquisition of complementary spatial data such as local energy dissipation and tunneling currents. By illustrating the results of experiments performed on graphite and pentacene, we explain how 3D‐AFM data acquisition works, what challenges have to be addressed in its realization, and what type of data can be extracted from the experiments. Finally, a multitude of potential applications are discussed, with special emphasis on chemical imaging, heterogeneous catalysis, and nanotribology.
Ferroelectric Field Effect Transistors for Memory Applications
Authors: Hoffman Jason , Pan Xiao , Reiner James W. , Walker Fred J. , Han J. P. , Ahn Charles H. , Ma T. P.
Published: April 2010

The non‐volatile polarization of a ferroelectric is a promising candidate for digital memory applications. Ferroelectric capacitors have been successfully integrated with silicon electronics, where the polarization state is read out by a device based on a field effect transistor configuration. Coupling the ferroelectric polarization directly to the channel of a field effect transistor is a long‐standing research topic that has been difficult to realize due to the properties of the ferroelectric and the nature of the interface between the ferroelectric and the conducting channel. Here, we report on the fabrication and characterization of two promising capacitor‐less memory architectures.
Enhancement of oral bioavailability of paclitaxel after oral administration of Schisandrol B in rats
Authors: Jin Jing , Bi Huichang , Hu Jinqing , Zhong Guoping , Zhao Lizi , Huang Zhiying , Huang Min
Published: April 2010

Paclitaxel is a substrate of the efflux transporters such as P‐glycoprotein, and is mainly metabolized by the liver. Schisandrol B (Sch B), one of the active components in Schisandra, has been reported to be able to inhibit the activity of P‐gp and CYP3A. It might be possible that Sch B would alter the pharmacokinetic behavior of paclitaxel. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Sch B on the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel administered orally and intravenously in rats. Paclitaxel were administered to rats orally (30 mg/kg) or intravenously (0.5 mg/kg) with or without the concomitant administration of Sch B (10 or 25 mg/kg). Oral pharmacokinetic parameters of paclitaxel were significantly altered when pretreated with Sch B. There were significant increases in AUC0‐24h (from 297.7±110.3 to 838.9±302.1 h*ng/ml; p<0.05) and Cmax (from 51.7±20.1 to 136.4±35.5 ng/ml; p<0.05) in the presence of Sch B (25 mg/kg). The pharmacokinetic parameters for i.v. paclitaxel were not significantly affected by Sch B in contrast to that of oral administration. Since the presence of Sch B enhanced the systemic exposure of paclitaxel, their pharmacokinetic interaction should be taken into consideration. As the oral bioavailability of paclitaxel was increased about 3‐fold in the presence of Sch B, the concomitant use of Sch B may provide a benefit in the oral delivery of paclitaxel. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Ternary Arsenides Zr(SixAs1‐x)As with PbCl2‐Type (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) and PbFCl‐Type (x = 0.6) Structures.
Authors: Gaultois Michael W. , Grosvenor Andrew P. , Blanchard Peter E. R. , Mar Arthur
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural, Electronic, and Hydriding Properties of Li2MgSi.
Authors: Herbst J. F. , Meyer M. S.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Symmetry and Crystal Structures of Ba2LaIrO6.
Authors: Fu W. T. , Goetz R. J. , IJdo D. J. W.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: (H3O)Nd(SO4)2.
Authors: Zhang Zaichao , Zhang Zhibin
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescence Investigations of Ce3+ Doped CaS Nanophosphors.
Authors: Kumar Vinay , Pitale Shreyas S. , Mishra Varun , Nagpure I. M. , Biggs M. M. , Ntwaeaborwa O. M. , Swart H. C.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A High Temperature Superionic Phase of CsSn2F5.
Authors: Berastegui P. , Hull S. , Eriksson S. G.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sublattice Contributions to the Magnetism of UFe5Al7 and UFe6Al6.
Authors: Andreev A. V. , Tereshina E. A. , Santava E. , Sebek J. , Koyama K. , Watanabe K.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Crystal Growth and Magnetic and Electrical Properties of the Quasi‐One Dimensional Osmium Oxide Na2OsO4.
Authors: Shi Y. G. , Guo Y. F. , Yu S. , Arai M. , Belik A. A. , Sato A. , Yamaura K. , Takayama‐Muromachi E. , Varga T. , Mitchell J. F.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: NaAlF4: Preparation, Crystal Structure and Thermal Stability.
Authors: Kirik Sergei D. , Zaitseva Julia N.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: LiZnNb4O11.5: A Novel Oxygen Deficient Compound in the Nb‐Rich Part of the Li2O—ZnO—Nb2O5 System.
Authors: Morozov Vladimir A. , Arakcheeva Alla V. , Konovalova Vera V. , Pattison Philip , Chapuis Gervais , Lebedev Oleg I. , Fomichev Valery V. , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Relaxation Behavior of Lanthanide Substituted Dawson‐Type Tungstoarsenates.
Authors: Liu Lizhen , Li Fengyan , Xu Lin , Liu Xizheng , Gao Guanggang
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nonstoichiometric FexWN2: Leaching of Fe from Layer‐Structured FeWN2.
Authors: Miura Akira , Wen Xiao‐Dong , Abe Hideki , Yau Grace , DiSalvo Francis J.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Oxypnictide Superconductors: PrOFe1‐xCoxAs.
Authors: Prakash J. , Singh S. J. , Das D. , Patnaik S. , Ganguli A. K.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mixed Valent Stannide EuRuSn3 — Structure, Magnetic Properties, and Moessbauer Spectroscopic Investigation.
Authors: Harmening Thomas , Hermes Wilfried , Eul Matthias , Poettgen Rainer
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Rh‐Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of α‐Sulfonyloxy Heteroaryl Ketones; Asymmetric Synthesis of (S)‐Bufuralol.
Authors: Kwak Se Hun , Lee Do‐Min , Lee Kee‐In
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Selective, Polymer‐Supported Organocatalyst for Michael Additions with Enzyme‐Like Behavior.
Authors: Alza Esther , Pericas Miquel A.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Cinchona‐Aminobenzimidazole Bifunctional Organocatalysts.
Authors: Zhang Lei , Lee Myoung‐Mo , Lee Soo‐Mi , Lee Jihye , Cheng Maosheng , Jeong Byeong‐Seon , Park Hyeung‐geun , Jew Sang‐sup
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Rhodium‐Catalyzed Carbene Cyclization Cycloaddition Cascade Reaction of Vinylsulfonates.
Authors: Shi Bairu , Merten Sandra , Wong David K. Y. , Chu John C. K. , Liu Lok Lok , Lam Sze Kui , Jaeger Anne , Wong Wing‐Tak , Chiu Pauline , Metz Peter
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Dependent Oxidative Coupling of 1‐Aryl‐1,3‐dicarbonyls and Styrene.
Authors: Casey Brian M. , Eakin Cynthia A. , Jiao Jingliang , Sadasivam Dhandapani V. , Flowers Robert A. II
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Cyclization of 1‐Alkynyl Cyclopropyl tert‐Butyl Carbonate to Construct Multifunctionalized Vinyl Cyclopropane Derivatives.
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Xin , Guo Lin , Wang Ya‐Hui , Zhu Li‐Li , Chen Zili
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Sreening of Some Halogenated Thiadiazoles and Triazoles.
Authors: Randhavane P. V. , Narwade S. K. , Saji George , Karale B. K.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,3,5‐Triazinane‐2‐thiones and 1,3,5‐Oxadiazinane‐4‐thiones Linked with Isoxazoles.
Authors: Rajanarendar E. , Reddy A. Siva Rami , Shaik Firoz Pasha
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Access to Iminoisocoumarins and α‐Iminopyrones via AgOTf‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Enyne—Amide Cyclization.
Authors: Bian Ming , Yao Weijun , Ding Hanfeng , Ma Cheng
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Detagging of Fluorous Organosilanes.
Authors: Boldon Sophie , Moore Jane E. , Gouverneur Veronique
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Neutralizing in situ Acidic CO2/H2O System for Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols Catalyzed by TEMPO Functionalized Imidazolium Salt/NaNO2.
Authors: Miao Cheng‐Xia , He Liang‐Nian , Wang Jing‐Lun , Wu Fang
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Redox Isomerization/Transfer Hydrogenation in Organic and Aqueous Media: A One‐Pot Tandem Process for the Reduction of Allylic Alcohols.
Authors: Cadierno Victorio , Crochet Pascale , Francos Javier , Garcia‐Garrido Sergio E. , Gimeno Jose , Nebra Noel
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Catalytic Synthesis of Tertiary and Secondary Amines from Alcohols and Urea.
Authors: He Jinling , Kim Jung Won , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Intermolecular Boron Heck‐Type Reactions via Oxidative Palladium(II) Catalysis with Chiral Tridentate NHC‐Amidate‐Alkoxide Ligands.
Authors: Yoo Kyung Soo , O'Neill Justin , Sakaguchi Satoshi , Giles Richard , Lee Joo Ho , Jung Kyung Woon
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligandless Iron‐Catalyzed Desulfinylative C—C Allylation Reactions Using Grignard Reagents and Alk‐2‐enesulfonyl Chlorides.
Authors: Volla Chandra M. R. , Markovic Dean , Dubbaka Srinivas Reddy , Vogel Pierre
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of New (N‐Diphenylphosphino)‐isopropylanilines and Their Complexes: Crystal Structure of (Ph2P=S)NH—C6H4—4‐CH (CH3)2and Catalytic Activity of Palladium(II) Complexes in the Heck and Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Aydemir Murat , Baysal Akin , Guerbuez Nevin , Oezdemir Ismail , Guemguem Bahattin , Oezkar Saim , Caylak Nagihan , Yildirim Leyla Tatar
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Tethered Aldehyde Ynoates and Ynones by Ring Fragmentation of Cyclic γ‐Oxy‐β‐hydroxy‐α‐diazo Carbonyls.
Authors: Bayir Ali , Draghici Cristian , Brewer Matthias
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.