bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Language Tourism Village Based on Environmental Ethics and Social Entrepreneurship (A Case Study in Karanganyar Regency, Central Java, Indonesia)
Authors: Wibowo Agung , Muhammad Dimas Rahadian Aji , Lestari Eny , Karsidi Ravik
Published: November 2021

Numerous environmental problems have emerged along with the development of tourism villages in various areas of Indonesia. This research aims to discover a concept of sustainable tourism village development, and to describe principles of environmental ethics and social entrepreneurship that are line with global demands. The research uses a qualitative method. The location of the research is the District of Karangpandan in Karanganyar Regency, the first language tourism village in Central Java. Data sources include both primary and secondary data. The data collection techniques were interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis included the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The research results show that the model of developing a language tourism village based on the principles of environmental ethics and social entrepreneurship has been proven to contribute to the success of developing village tourism. The principles of environmental ethics consist of respect for nature, moral responsibility for nature, cosmic solidarity, principle of care and concern for nature, principle of “no harm”, principle of living simply and in harmony with nature, principle of justice the principles of environmental ethics inspire stakeholders in preserving the environment. Furthermore, the components of social entrepreneurship include: resources, networking, research and development, packaging, marketing, and branding, Leadership and Entrepreneurship and all that gives inspiration for empowering the surrounding community.
The Meaning of Water in Javanese Padusan and Japanese Misogi-Harai Rituals
Authors: Retno Yulianti Dwiana , Istana Trahutami Sriwahyu , Wiyatasari Reny
Published: November 2021

Indonesia and Japan are two countries known for their high regard for culture and tradition, with no exception for those associated with religious rituals. In Japan, the Shinto religion is highly renowned for being the existing and believed ancestor religion. Meanwhile, in Indonesia, Islam is the largest religion that has indirectly influenced the cultures and traditions developed in society. Both Islam and the Shinto have a purification ritual with water as their medium,PadusanandMisogi-Harai, respectively. This study focuses on three things, i.e., the history, time of performance, and ritual procedure, to examine the corresponding meaning of the water as the media in both rituals. The method used to collect data is the literature study, and the data is then analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method. As a result of the three aspects studied, two similar meanings of water to the ritualistic purpose were discovered, i.e., purifying the soul from impurities/sin and returning the spirit to devotion to God.
The Existence of Forests in Japanese Belief (Sociology Literature Study of Anime Miyori no Mori)
Authors: Yuliani Rahmah , Budi Mulyadi , Noviana Fajria
Published: November 2021

This research discusses the environmental issues and their relationship with the Japanese beliefs described in Japanese visual literature: anime Miyori no Mori. This animation story is full of messages about environmental preservation and environmental issues. The story Miyori no Mori teaches the audiences (especially children) the importance of protecting the forest and the impacts that will arise when the forest is destroyed and clearly illustrates how the forest is related to god’s spirits in Japanese belief. This research aims to reveal the elements of that belief through the existence of the forest depicted in the anime Miyori no Mori. Qualitative approaches and sociology literature study as research methods analyses forests’ critical role in Japanese people’s beliefs. The research examined includes the elements of faith depicted in the anime Miyori no Mori, such as the role of gods, the existence of ancestral spirits, and even monsters in that forest. As a result, it will be known how important the role of forests is as part of the Japanese people’s belief. It can be a solid reason for upholding environmental preservation, mainly to prevent their environment from covid-19 effects.
Translation Criticism of Ecological Terms in Environmentally Oriented Literary Work Baraumi Shougakkou by Miyazawa Kenji
Authors: Rosliana Lina , Rini Elizabeth Ihan , Fadli Zaki Ainul , Kusmiati Dewi
Published: November 2021

Baraumi Shougakkou is a children’s short story written by Miyazawa Kenji, a famous writer for producing literary works covering all the natural elements in the world; humans, animals, plants, rocks, wind, clouds, light, stars, and the sun. His works have been translated into many languages, including Indonesian. However, in translating a literary work, there are several issues, one of which is translating ecological terms. It needs the proper method so that the ecological terms can be translated accurately and provide a common perception between the readers of the original work and the readers of the translated works. This study aims to analyze the translation of ecological terms in environmentally oriented work Baraumi Shougakkou by Miyazawa Kenji. This study uses literature study methods from various sources as primary and secondary references related to translation criticism. Ecology, such as flora, fauna, geography, climate, is difficult to find the equivalents in translation. Baraumi Shougakkou translation uses several Newmark translation procedures, such as literal and paraphrases, that can provide translation results that are close to the target language.
The Arom of Islamization of Java in The Literature of Pesantren: Study of TheRahman Faithur Bookby K.H. Sholeh Darat
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad , Thohir Mudjahirin , Rukiyah
Published: November 2021

KH. Shaleh Darat is a cleric figure who has a big share in the spread of Islam on the North Coast of Java, especially in Semarang and its surroundings. His father, KH Umar, was a prominent scholar whom Prince Diponegoro trusted in the Javanese war against the Dutch in the north coast of Java. After receiving religious knowledge from his father, little Pious began to wander, studying from one scholar to another. KH Syahid Waturaja was recorded (studying fiqh books, such as Fath al-Qarib, Fath Al Mu’in, Minhaj al-Qawim, and Syarb al-Khatib). Kiai Shaleh Darat studied religion with major ulama figures such as KH M Sahid who was the grandson of Shaykh Ahmad Mutamakkin, from Kajen Village, Margoyoso, Pati, Central Java who lived in the Mataram Kartosuro era around the 18th century. By translating many books of fiqh and tasawuf in Javanese, KH Sholeh Darat conveyed the message of da’wah at the house of the Regent of Demak who was the uncle of R.A. Kartini. From behind the veil, Kartini was amazed by Al-Fatihah’s interpretation in Javanese so that Kartini understood. R.A. Kartini urged her uncle to meet KH Sholeh Darat. After meeting, to the kiai, Kartini asked that the Al Quran be translated. At the call of the da’wah and Kartini’s request, KH Sholeh Darat translated it using Arabic Pegon. The book is recorded as the world’s first translation of the Quran in Javanese. The first book of interpretation in Javanese Arabic Pegon is named Faidhur Rohman. Faithur Rahman’s tafsir book is a Javanese interpretation, written the world’s first pegon. Together with the manuscript Syarah Al Hikam KH Sholeh Darat Al Faithur Rahman kept by the takmir of the Sholeh Darat Mosque, Dadapsari, Semarang. What is interesting about Faithur Rahman is his translation in the letter Al Fatihah which explains how the belief system and tarekat (the straight path) in Islam. Then what are the characteristics of pious people in the beginning of the letter Al Baqoroh. With this Javanese translation, it finally made it easier for Javanese Muslims to learn Islam. The ease of learning Islam is what gives a wind of harmony in religion.
The Representation of Women in N.H.Dini’s Pada Sebuah Kapal: The Reflection of Women Cultural Identity of the 1970s
Authors: Wulandari Dwi
Published: November 2021

This study is aimed at finding how women is presented in N.H. Dini’s Pada Sebuah Kapal. This novel is written with the setting time in 1973, and therefore the story evolves by depicting the culture of the 1970s. By acknowledging the facts of the new order in Indonesia, it is particularly interesting to see how women in those years are depicted in the relevance of today’s women condition. This study reveals the facts that though women may seem to have a choice of her own regarding her life, they are subjected to the many limitations set by the society. There are standards that need to be met in terms of appearance, behaviour, and even thought if such women are hoped to be accepted within the society. Another point worth noted is the fact that being accepted by the society then is used as the parameter to define whether the women can be described as being happy or not.
The Process of Self-actualization in Altair From The Anime Re:Creator by Ei Aoki
Authors: Satyarso Muhammad Agrisandy
Published: November 2021

This thesis is aimed to analyses the process of self-actualization from a main antagonist character called Altair, from the anime series titled Re:Creators. Based on Abraham Maslow’s theory of Hierarchy of Needs. The data that was used in order to determine the process of self- actualization in the main antagonist Altair, were the 21 episodes in the animation series of Re:Creators. The method used in this thesis is the analytic descriptive method, and the theories to support the result of the analysis are Himawan Pratista’s Movie Narratives Structure theory and Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. The result of this thesis is that the main antagonist Altair achieves her self-actualization. Unlike any other human character, due to her nature of being a “creation”, an “omnipotent” character and not a normal human being, makes the process of self- actualization quite hard to determine. However, she managed to achieved her self-actualization by gathering allies to support her cause, survived being hunted by the protagonist, and at a intense final battle that took place in Tokyo’s district of Ginza, Altair once again managed to meet her long passed creator Setsuna Shimazaki.
The Sacred Meanings of Yearly “Dreadlock Haircut Ritual” As A Blessing Expectation for Dieng Plateau Society
Authors: Atrinawati Atrinawati , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto , Sundari Wiwik
Published: November 2021

This research paper discusses the Javanese yearly ritual culturally conducted to cut dreadlock hair of Dieng children in the glorified first month of Arabic calendar. The sacral ritual has been long preserved since Dieng native people believe that “dreadlock haircut ritual” is functioned to primarily drive away bad luck, calamity, and life uncertainty for the children when they grow up as well as a blessing expectation for local people life prosperity and happiness. This research is conducted by using descriptive-qualitative research method with profound observation in collecting the related data. The result of the research indicates that yearly “dreadlock haircut ritual”, as a matter of fact, has various sacred meanings in terms of psychological-social-cultural perspective, sukerto children, ritual procession, ritual attributes, and salvation ritual.
Plastic Wastes Distribution Pattern in the Covid-19 Era in Kreo Sub-Watershed Basin, Semarang City
Authors: Setyaningsih Wahyu , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto , Triadi Putranto Thomas
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia has occurred since March 2020 has caused restrictions on people’s mobility and forced people to adapt by changing people’s consumption patterns. To reduce direct interaction, people use products that are more durable, easy to take home, and hygienic. The use of plastic packaging and single-use plastic products is increasing. Without waste management, plastic dumped into rivers will increase and ultimately increase the potential for microplastic pollution. This study aimed to analyze and compare the types and distribution of plastic wastes in the Kreo sub-watershed basin sediments. Types of plastic wastes are categorized according to the Van Emmerik classification. Research samples were taken at 17 locations. This study uses a survey method with a qualitative descriptive approach. The average abundance of plastic wastes is 6-24 n/m2. The characteristics of plastic wastes in the upstream are dominated by PO-soft (47.95%), similar to the middle (51.12%), and in the downstream, it is dominated by multilayer (65%). The area with the most significant accumulation of plastic waste is downstream (20 n/m2) due to denser settlements, extensive sedimentation and river topography. The type of plastic waste in the Kreo sub-watershed basin can be a source of microplastic pollution in the future.
Iron Recovery from Residue of Lateritic Nickel Leaching Industry
Authors: Permatasari Nur V. , Hadiyanto  , Warsito Budi , Kawigraha Adji , Ikhwani Nur
Published: November 2021

HPAL (High-Pressure Acid Leaching) is one of the important technologies for extracting nickel and cobalt from nickel laterite ore. In the next few years, some plants using this technology will be operated in Indonesia. The production will be estimated to be 543,000 tons per year by 2025. On the other hand, HPAL will produce more than 26 million tonnes of residue, and it requires good management. The residue utilization for certain industrial raw materials is one of the solutions. To determine the potential utilization residue, the characteristic of the residue must be elaborated through some methods. The characterization is carried out based on mineralogical and chemical properties. The feed used in the HPAL process dominates with magnetite and goethite with 41,15 % Fe and 1,35 % Ni content. The residue of HPAL contains Fe and significant Sulphur content, silica, aluminium and calcium. The quantity of Sulphur must be decreased by the desulfurization method then followed by the reduction process. The analysis shows that HPAL residue is still required additional processing for reducing the Sulphur content. The residue utilization trial still needs to be done to determine the quality of the iron-making products produced produced.
Efficiency Analysis and Smoked Fish Business Development Strategy in Kendal Regency
Authors: Sasana Hadi , Novitaningtyas Ivo , Setyaningsih Yuliani
Published: November 2021

MSME was proven to have a positive impact on economic growth, thus MSME’s business needs to become sustainable. MSME’s business sustainability is determined by the MSME’s ability to manage their profit efficiency and develop their business strategy. This study aims to examine the profit efficiency of the smoked fish business as one of MSMEs and the BUMDes development strategy in coastal community Tambaksari, Kendal Regency. The quantitative approach was conducted in this study. Primary data from 30 smoked fish entrepreneurs and 3 key person of BUMDes were collected by interview and questionnaire, then analyzed with Stochastic Translog Profit Frontier Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results show that the efficiency of the smoked fish business still low due to age and education of the human resources. In addition, the propose strategies for develop the BUMDes are managerial training, comparative studies, and coordination with stakeholders in improving performance. The implication of this study is useful for smoked fish entrepreneurs and BUMDes to increase profit efficienct and develop strategy in order to make the business sustainable.
miR-1229-3p as a Prognostic Predictor Facilitates Cell Viability, Migration, and Invasion of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Chunhong , Zhang Qi , Li Honghai , Wu Yan
Published: November 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the most prevalent human malignancies with high mortality. Increasing studies have revealed microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in the tumorigenesis and progression of cancers. The current study investigated the expression levels of miR-1229-3p and its potential role in HCC. This study enrolled 121 HCC patients. The expression of miR-1229-3p was measured using RT-qPCR in HCC tissue samples and cell lines. The association of miR-1229-3p expression with clinical parameters and patients’ prognosis was analyzed by χ2 test, Kaplan–Meier, and multivariate Cox regression analyses, respectively. The functions of miR-1229-3p in HCC cells were explored by CCK-8 assay, Transwell migration, and invasion assays. miR-1229-3p was upregulated in HCC tissue samples and cell lines. The upregulation of miR-1229-3p was related to positive lymph node metastasis and advanced TNM stages and predicted with patients’ poor prognosis. Overexpression of miR-1229-3p facilitated cell viability and metastasis of HCC cells while knockdown of miR-1229-3p suppressed cell viability and metastasis of HCC cells in vitro. miR-1229-3p may function as an oncogenic role in HCC via promoting cell viability and metastasis. Moreover, miR-1229-3p may be a predictive marker for tumor development and prognosis of HCC patients.
Octreotide-LAR is a Useful Alternative for the Management of
Diazoxide-Responsive Congenital Hyperinsulinism
Authors: Karlekar Manjiri Pramod , Sarathi Vijaya , Arya Sneha , Flanagan Sarah E. , Patil Virendra , Lila Anurag , Shah Nalini , Bandgar Tushar
Published: November 2021

The data on the congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) in Asian Indian patients is
limited. Diazoxide is often unavailable in India, which poses challenge in
managing CHI. The study was aimed to present our experience with CHI with a
special focus on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of octreotide
long-acting release (OCT-LAR) among diazoxide-responsive CHI. The data of 14
index cases with CHI registered at our center were retrospectively analyzed. The
diagnosis of CHI was based on elevated serum insulin (3.4–32.5
μIU/ml) and C-peptide (0.58–1.98 ng/ml) at the time of
symptomatic hypoglycemia (BG≤41 mg/dl). Fourteen patients (13
males) presented at a median (range) age of 3 (1–270) days, seizures
being the most common mode of presentation (78.6%). Ten patients were
diazoxide-responsive, two were partially responsive, while two were
unresponsive. Genetics was available for eight patients; ABCC8
(n=3, 1 novel) and HADH (n=2, both novel) were the most
commonly mutated genes. OCT-LAR was offered to eight patients including four
with diazoxide-responsive disease and was universally effective. We propose a
cost-effective approach to use OCT-LAR in the management of CHI, which may also
make it more cost-effective than diazoxide for diazoxide-responsive disease.
Five of the 11 (45.5%) patients had evidence of neurological impairment;
notably, two patients with HADH mutations had intellectual disability
despite diazoxide-responsiveness. We report three novel mutations in
CHI-associated genes. We demonstrate the effectiveness of and propose a
cost-effective approach to use OCT-LAR in diazoxide-responsive CHI. Mutations in
HADH may be associated with abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes
despite diazoxide-responsiveness.
Assessment of Plasma-Free Cortisol Concentrations by LC-MS/MS in Patients with Autonomous Cortisol Secretion
Authors: Yener Serkan , Tuna Gamze , Kant Melis , Akis Merve , Kara Ozlem , Kalas Busra , Baris Mustafa , Islekel Gul Huray
Published: November 2021

Autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS) of an adrenal incidentaloma (AI) is associated with mild cortisol excess that could result in poor metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes. The biological activity of glucocorticoids depends on the unbound, free fraction. We aimed to evaluate plasma free cortisol (FC) concentrations in patients with ACS in this cross-sectional study. One hundred and ten AI patients in 3 groups; non-functioning (NFA, n=33), possible ACS (n=65), ACS (n=12) were enrolled. Following measurements were conducted: Clinical data and total serum cortisol (TC), plasma corticotrophin (ACTH), serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), cortisol after 1 mg dexamethasone by both immunoassay and LC-MS/MS (DexF), serum corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG), plasma dexamethasone concentration [DEX] and plasma FC by LC-MS/MS. Patients with ACS featured an unfavorable metabolic profile. Plasma [DEX] and serum CBG levels were similar between groups. Plasma FC was significantly higher in ACS when compared to NFA and possible ACS groups p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively. In multiple regression analysis DexF (beta=0.402, p<0.001) and CBG (beta=−0.257, p=0.03) remained as the independent predictors of plasma FC while age, sex, BMI, smoking habit, and existing cardiovascular disease did not make a significant contribution to the regression model. In conclusion, the magnitude of cortisol excess in ACS could lead to increased plasma FC concentrations. Further studies in AI patients are needed to demonstrate whether any alterations of cortisol affinity for CBG exist and to establish whether plasma FC concentrations predict the unfavorable metabolic profile in ACS.
Genetic syncretism: Latin American forensics and global indigenous organizing
Authors: Smith Lindsay A. , García-Deister Vivette
Published: November 2021

In the 1970s, Latin America became a global laboratory for military interventions, the cultivation of terror, and ideological and economic transformation. In response, family groups and young scientists forged a new activist forensics focused on human rights, victim-centered justice, and state accountability, inaugurating new forms of forensic practice. We examine how this new form of forensic practice centered in forensic genetics has led to a critical engagement with Indigeneity both within and outside the lab. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with human rights activists and forensic scientists in Argentina, Guatemala and Mexico, this paper examines the relationship between forensic genetics, Indigenous organizing, and human rights practice. We offer the concept of ‘genetic syncretism’ to attend to spaces where multiple and competing beliefs about genetics, justice, and Indigenous identity are worked out through (1) coming together in care, (2) incorporation, and (3) ritual. Helping to unpack the uneasy and incomplete alliance of Indigenous interests and forensic genetic practice in Latin American, genetic syncretism offers a theoretical lens that is attentive to how differentials of power embedded in colonial logics and scientific practice are brokered through the coming together of seemingly incompatible beliefs and practices.
Single-pixel imaging: An overview of different methods to be used for 3D space reconstruction in harsh environments
Authors: Osorio Quero Carlos A. , Durini Daniel , Rangel-Magdaleno Jose , Martinez-Carranza Jose
Published: November 2021

Different imaging solutions have been proposed over the last few decades, aimed at three-dimensional (3D) space reconstruction and obstacle detection, either based on stereo-vision principles using active pixel sensors operating in the visible part of the spectra or based on active Near Infra-Red (NIR) illumination applying the time-of-flight principle, to mention just a few. If extremely low quantum efficiencies for NIR active illumination yielded by silicon-based detector solutions are considered together with the huge photon noise levels produced by the background illumination accompanied by Rayleigh scattering effects taking place in outdoor applications, the operating limitations of these systems under harsh weather conditions, especially if relatively low-power active illumination is used, are evident. If longer wavelengths for active illumination are applied to overcome these issues, indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs)-based photodetectors become the technology of choice, and for low-cost solutions, using a single InGaAs photodetector or an InGaAs line-sensor becomes a promising choice. In this case, the principles of Single-Pixel Imaging (SPI) and compressive sensing acquire a paramount importance. Thus, in this paper, we review and compare the different SPI developments reported. We cover a variety of SPI system architectures, modulation methods, pattern generation and reconstruction algorithms, embedded system approaches, and 2D/3D image reconstruction methods. In addition, we introduce a Near Infra-Red Single-Pixel Imaging (NIR-SPI) sensor aimed at detecting static and dynamic objects under outdoor conditions for unmanned aerial vehicle applications.
New methods of isochrone mechanics
Authors: Ramond Paul , Perez Jérôme
Published: November 2021

Isochrone potentials are spherically symmetric potentials within which a particle orbits with a radial period that is independent of its angular momentum. Whereas all previous results on isochrone mechanics have been established using classical analysis and geometry, in this article, we revisit the isochrone problem of motion using tools from Hamiltonian dynamical systems. In particular, we (1) solve the problem of motion using a well-adapted set of angle-action coordinates and generalize the notion of eccentric anomaly to all isochrone orbits, and (2) we construct the Birkhoff normal form for a particle orbiting a generic radial potential and examine its Birkhoff invariants to prove that the class of isochrone potentials is in correspondence with parabolas in the plane. Along the way, several fundamental results of celestial mechanics, such as the Bertrand theorem or the Kepler equation and laws, are obtained as special cases of more general properties characterizing isochrone mechanics.
Deconvolution of multi-Boltzmann x-ray distribution from linear absorption spectrometer via analytical parameter reduction
Authors: Armstrong C. D. , Neely D. , Kumar D. , McKenna P. , Gray R. J. , Pirozhkov A. S.
Published: November 2021

Accurate characterization of incident radiation is a fundamental challenge for diagnostic design. Herein, we present an efficient spectral analysis routine that is able to characterize multiple components within the spectral emission by analytically reducing the number of parameters. The technique is presented alongside the design of a hard x-ray linear absorption spectrometer using the example of multiple Boltzmann-like spectral distributions; however, it is generally applicable to all absorption based spectrometer designs and can be adapted to any incident spectral shape. This routine is demonstrated to be tolerable to experimental noise and suitable for real-time data processing at multi-Hz repetition rates.
Design and commissioning of a neutron counter adapted to high-intensity laser matter interactions
Authors: Lelasseux V. , Söderström P.-A. , Aogaki S. , Burdonov K. , Cerchez M. , Chen S. N. , Dorard S. , Fazzini A. , Gugiu M. , Pikuz S. , Rotaru F. , Willi O. , Negoita F. , Fuchs J.
Published: November 2021

The advent of multi-PW laser facilities world-wide opens new opportunities for nuclear physics. With this perspective, we developed a neutron counter taking into account the specifics of a high-intensity laser environment. Using GEANT4 simulations and prototype testings, we report on the design of a modular neutron counter based on boron-10 enriched scintillators and a high-density polyethylene moderator. This detector has been calibrated using a plutonium–beryllium neutron source and commissioned during an actual neutron-producing laser experiment at the LULI2000 facility (France). An overall efficiency of 4.37(59)% has been demonstrated during calibration with a recovery time of a few hundred microseconds after laser–plasma interaction.
Research on sound power measurement of multi-element ultrasonic focusing transducer based on cross-spectrum method
Authors: Yu Longjing , Zheng Huifeng
Published: November 2021

In this paper, aiming at the problem that a multi-array focused ultrasonic transducer working in a high power range has a nonlinear influence on the measurement accuracy, a study of acoustic power measurement based on the near field cross-spectrum method was carried out. The focused acoustic field of a multi-array transducer was derived theoretically by combining the cross-spectrum method and the Westervelt nonlinear acoustic propagation equation. Finite element simulation was used to establish the model of the focused sound field of the multi-array transducer under different excitation conditions, and the influence law of each harmonic on the total sound power under specific excitation conditions was obtained. A cross-spectrum measurement system was built to scan the two near focusing planes under different excitation conditions. The total energy, each harmonic energy, and their proportion in the focusing region under the corresponding excitation were obtained through calculation and processing. The theoretical and simulation results were verified, and the harmonic energies were compensated in the calculation of the total ultrasonic power. The measurement results were compared with those obtained by radiation force balances. It was found that the maximum measurement deviation of compensated ultrasonic power was 7.89%, which met the requirements of acoustic measurement. The accuracy of the method and conclusion was verified under the power range of 10–60 W.
Lasergate: A windowless gas target for enhanced laser preheat in magnetized liner inertial fusion
Authors: Galloway B. R. , Slutz S. A. , Kimmel M. W. , Rambo P. K. , Schwarz J. , Geissel M. , Harvey-Thompson A. J. , Weis M. R. , Jennings C. A. , Field E. S. , Kletecka D. E. , Looker Q. , Colombo A. P. , Edens A. D. , Smith I. C. , Shores J. E. , Speas C. S. , Speas R. J. , Spann A. P. , Sin J. , Gautier S. , Sauget V. , Treadwell P. A. , Rochau G. A. , Porter J. L.
Published: November 2021

At the Z Facility at Sandia National Laboratories, the magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF) program aims to study the inertial confinement fusion in deuterium-filled gas cells by implementing a three-step process on the fuel: premagnetization, laser preheat, and Z-pinch compression. In the laser preheat stage, the Z-Beamlet laser focuses through a thin polyimide window to enter the gas cell and heat the fusion fuel. However, it is known that the presence of the few μm thick window reduces the amount of laser energy that enters the gas and causes window material to mix into the fuel. These effects are detrimental to achieving fusion; therefore, a windowless target is desired. The Lasergate concept is designed to accomplish this by “cutting” the window and allowing the interior gas pressure to push the window material out of the beam path just before the heating laser arrives. In this work, we present the proof-of-principle experiments to evaluate a laser-cutting approach to Lasergate and explore the subsequent window and gas dynamics. Further, an experimental comparison of gas preheat with and without Lasergate gives clear indications of an energy deposition advantage using the Lasergate concept, as well as other observed and hypothesized benefits. While Lasergate was conceived with MagLIF in mind, the method is applicable to any laser or diagnostic application requiring direct line of sight to the interior of gas cell targets.
Large nonlinear absorption in single aggregate of silver nanoparticles observed with z-scan imaging technique
Authors: Elim Hendry Izaac
Published: November 2021

Although nonlinear optical spectroscopy of nanostructures, nanomaterials, and nanomedicines has been widely used to observe and study the nature of nonlinear optical (NLO) phenomena, the field has to improve for the single nanostructure system. However, it is extremely difficult to investigate the nonlinear optical behaviors of single nanostructure materials because the optical setup used in the experiment has to obligate a high resolution imaging arrangement and overcome the diffraction limit problem. This paper presents that a newly modified z-scan technique with imaging as a starting point for nonlinear optics measurement technology has been successfully implemented to investigate silver nanoparticle aggregation. Such single aggregation with a diameter of ∼1.56 µm made from silver nanoparticles has been precisely observed with an imaging profile on an aggregation target with a large nonlinear absorption coefficient of 8.90 × 109 cm/GW. This technique suggests a wide impact application for a better understanding and knowledge in conjunction with the origin of NLO behavior in any nanomaterials, including nanomedicines.
Quantum anharmonic enhancement of superconductivity in P63/mmc ScH6 at high pressures: A first-principles study
Authors: Hou Pugeng , Belli Francesco , Bianco Raffaello , Errea Ion
Published: November 2021

Making use of first-principles calculations, we analyze the effect of quantum ionic fluctuations and lattice anharmonicity on the crystal structure and superconductivity of P63/mmc ScH6 in the 100–160 GPa pressure range within the stochastic self-consistent harmonic approximation. We predict a strong correction to the crystal structure, the phonon spectra, and the superconducting critical temperatures, which have been estimated in previous calculations without considering ionic fluctuations on the crystal structure and assuming the harmonic approximation for the lattice dynamics. Quantum ionic fluctuations have a large impact on the H2 molecular-like units present in the crystal by increasing the hydrogen–hydrogen distance about a 5%. According to our anharmonic phonon spectra, this structure will be dynamically stable at least above 85 GPa, which is 45 GPa lower than the pressure given by the harmonic approximation. Contrary to many superconducting hydrogen-rich compounds, where quantum ionic effects and the consequent anharmonicity tend to lower the superconducting critical temperature, our results show that it can be enhanced in P63/mmc ScH6 by approximately 15%. We attribute the enhancement of the critical temperature to the stretching of the H2 molecular-like units and the associated increase of the electron–phonon interaction. Our results suggest that quantum ionic effects increase the superconducting critical temperature in hydrogen-rich materials with H2 units by increasing the hydrogen–hydrogen distance and, consequently, the electron–phonon interaction.
Influence of flexible fins on vortex-induced load over a circular cylinder at low Reynolds number
Authors: Banerjee Abhishek , Gurugubelli Pardha S. , Kumar Narendran , Jaiman Rajeev K.
Published: November 2021

Fins or fairings are typically streamlined structures employed to reduce the vortex-induced unsteady forces acting on a bluff body by preventing shear layer roll-up in the near-wake region. In this work, fins would refer to thin plate-like structures attached tangentially to the bluff body's top and bottom surfaces. Of particular interest here are flexible fins that can undergo static deformation or coupled fluid-elastic vibrations due to the non-linear interactions with the shear layer from a circular cylinder and the roll-up of shear layers at the trailing edge of the fin. We present a numerical analysis to realize the effect of fin flexibility on the performance with regard to vortex-induced forces by varying non-dimensional flexural rigidity, KB∈ [0.01, 10], of the fins. Two-dimensional simulations are carried out for a fixed non-dimensional fin mass ratio, m*=0.1, and Reynolds number, Re = 100. In this study, we consider two fins attached tangentially to the top and bottom surfaces of a fixed circular cylinder. We show that as the flexibility of the fins increases progressively, the stability of the fins is lost and the fins undergo a coupled flapping motion. As a function of KB, three distinct dynamic response regimes of the flexible fins are identified: (i) fixed-point stability for KB>1, (ii) periodic outward flapping 0.025≤KB≤0.1, and (iii) periodic flapping about the initial position with large amplitudes KB<0.025. Flexibility and inclination angle of fins are observed to be effective in minimizing the vortex-induced forces.
Passive tracking and combined photovoltaics with solar-thermal capture using simple 3D optical structures
Authors: Gray Lindsey J. , Griffin Claire , Wolszczak Weronika , Allaire Paul , Carroll David L.
Published: November 2021

We present a hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system. This system utilizes a thermal fluid in a tubular geometry to act both as an infrared absorber and an optical lens. The optical lens then focuses light onto a PV fixed to the back of the glass tubing. The result is a capture of both PV and thermal energy for the system. In this work, multiple thermal fluids are tested to compare PV efficiency as a function of angle as well as thermal capture. We show that using higher index thermal fluids in our system has the ability to enhance PV energy production when compared to traditionally flat panels. Increases of approximately 98.1% in electrical energy generated over the span of 12 h for the tubular structure, compared with that of the planar, can be added to the heat captured by the thermal fluid. This provides an inexpensive approach to high density solar power generation.
The role of spin-lattice coupling for ultrafast changes of the magnetic order in rare earth metals
Authors: Andres Beatrice , Lee Sang Eun , Weinelt Martin
Published: November 2021

By comparing femtosecond laser-pulse-induced spin dynamics in the surface state of the rare earth metals Gd and Tb, we show that the spin polarization of valence states in both materials decays with significantly different time constants of 15 ps and 400 fs, respectively. The distinct spin polarization dynamics in Gd and Tb are opposed by similar exchange splitting dynamics in the two materials. The different time scales observed in our experiment can be attributed to weak and strong 4f spin to lattice coupling in Gd and Tb, suggesting an intimate coupling of spin polarization and 4f magnetic moment. While in Gd the lattice mainly acts as a heat sink, it contributes significantly to ultrafast demagnetization of Tb. This helps explain why all optical switching is observed in FeGd—but rarely in FeTb-based compounds.
Total x-ray scattering setup for crystalline particles at SPring-8 BL15XU NIMS beamline
Authors: Seo Okkyun , Kumara L. S. R. , Kim Jaemyung , Hiroi Satoshi , Kusada Kohei , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Sakata Osami
Published: November 2021

We report a total x-ray scattering (TXS) system for structural analysis of crystalline particle materials at the BL15XU NIMS beamline of SPring-8 in Japan. To achieve a high angular resolution over a high Q region up to 25 Å−1, the TXS system was capable of measuring to 120° at an x-ray energy of 29.02 keV with five CdTe pin detectors. The sample alignment and measuring system were controlled by LabView software. The x-ray pair distribution function (PDF) results for Ni bulk powder and Pt and AgRh nanoparticles were successfully simulated by the PDFgui program. In addition, Rietveld refinement results were also obtained from x-ray diffraction patterns, reflecting long-range order in the Pt nanoparticles. We expect that this TXS system may be useful for understanding structural information of crystalline nanoparticles, including amorphous features at their surface region.
Spontaneous liquid outflow from hydrophobic nanopores: Competing liquid–solid and liquid–gas interactions
Authors: Li Mingzhe , Zhan Chi , Lu Weiyi
Published: November 2021

Understanding liquid flow behavior in a nanoenvironment is of utmost importance for a vast array of biological and engineering applications. Both the liquid–solid interaction (LSI) and liquid–gas interaction (LGI) significantly affect the liquid outflow from hydrophobic nanopores in a liquid–gas–nanopore system. However, the individual contribution of these interactions on the spontaneous liquid outflow from the hydrophobic nanopores is not clear. To fill this scientific gap, we present an experimental study of the competition between the LSI and LGI on the nanoscale liquid outflow behavior in a liquid nanofoam (LN) system. LN samples, consisting of water and nanoporous silicas with similar pore size distribution but different average pore sizes, are subjected to cyclic pressure-induced liquid infiltration-outflow tests with or without the presence of a gas phase. Considerable difference in the liquid outflow behavior has been observed as pore size varies, indicating the size effect on the competition between the LSI and LGI. In smaller nanopores, the stronger LSI dominates the liquid outflow behavior as the LGI is diminished due to the nanoconfinement enhanced gas oversolubility. In contrast, in larger nanopores, LGI becomes a stronger driving force for the liquid outflow. These fundamental findings provide important insights on liquid flow behavior in a nanoenvironment and can facilitate a rational design of high performance nanofluidics-based systems.
Weakly viscoelastic film on a slippery slope
Authors: Chattopadhyay Souradip , Desai Akshay S. , Gaonkar Amar K. , Barua Amlan K. , Mukhopadhyay Anandamoy
Published: November 2021

We study the stability of weakly viscoelastic film (Walter's B″) flowing down under gravity along a slippery inclined plane. The focus is to investigate the interaction of the bottom slip with the viscoelastic parameter as well as the influence of the other flow parameters on the stability of the flow. For the slippery substrate, we use the Navier-slip boundary condition at the solid–liquid interface. The dimensionless slip length β is first assumed to be small and its order is considered same as the order of the film aspect ratio ϵ=H/L, where H is the mean film thickness and L is a typical wavelength. To discuss the coupled effect of slip length β and viscoelastic parameter γ, we have used the classical Benney equation model (BEM) as well as the weighted residual method (WRM). For linear stability, the normal mode analysis is carried out to capture the instability threshold. The critical Reynolds numbers (Rec) are obtained for BEM and WRM separately for the system. We found that the first-order WRM is a better choice to capture the instability threshold in comparison with a first-order BEM when β is small. Another noteworthy result we obtain is that, in the absence of β, WRM and BEM yield the same expression for the critical Reynolds number. Further, we have extended the study for moderate values of β, that is, β of order unity and it is found that both BEM and WRM are able to capture the effects of β and γ. We derive the Orr–Sommerfeld (OS) type eigenvalue problem and an asymptotic analysis is performed for small perturbation wavenumbers, which gives an expression for the critical Reynolds number for the instability of very long perturbations. The critical Reynolds number obtained by the OS eigenvalue problem exactly matches with that obtained by BEM. Finally, we validate our analytical predictions by performing a direct numerical simulation of the WRM and good agreement between the results of the linear stability analysis, weighted residual model, and the numerical simulations is found.
Resonant multi-gap superconductivity at room temperature near a Lifshitz topological transition in sulfur hydrides
Authors: Mazziotti Maria Vittoria , Raimondi Roberto , Valletta Antonio , Campi Gaetano , Bianconi Antonio
Published: November 2021

The maximum critical temperature for superconductivity in pressurized hydrides appears at the top of superconducting domes in Tc vs pressure curves at a particular pressure, which is not predicted by standard superconductivity theories. The high-order anisotropic Van Hove singularity near the Fermi level observed in band-structure calculations of pressurized sulfur hydride, typical of a supermetal, has been associated with the array of metallic hydrogen wire modules forming a nanoscale heterostructure at an atomic limit called the superstripe phase. Here, we propose that pressurized sulfur hydrides behave as a heterostructure made of a nanoscale superlattice of interacting quantum wires with a multicomponent electronic structure. We present first-principles quantum calculation of a universal superconducting dome where Tc amplification in multi-gap superconductivity is driven by the Fano–Feshbach resonance due to a configuration interaction between open and closed pairing channels, i.e., between multiple gaps in the BCS regime, resonating with a single gap in the BCS–Bose–Einstein condensation crossover regime. In the proposed three dimensional phase diagram, the critical temperature shows a superconducting dome where Tc is a function of two variables: (i) the Lifshitz parameter (η) measuring the separation of the chemical potential from the Lifshitz transition normalized by the inter-wire coupling and (ii) the effective electron–phonon coupling (g) in the appearing new Fermi surface including phonon softening. The results will be of help for material design of room-temperature superconductors at ambient pressure.
Electromagnetic focusing by zero orbital angular momentum system
Authors: Sun Zhiwei , Jiang Lizhong , Liu Run , Du Mingzhu , Cao Hailin
Published: November 2021

We report on the observation of the electromagnetic focusing effect of zero orbital angular momentum (OAM) after introducing the multi-grade OAM concept. It performs the same feature in the central area around the focal point, while the typical Airy disk is transformed into a vortical cloud pattern beside the central area. Quantized focusing phenomena are exhibited based on the periodicity of the OAM. These results were verified by simulation and experiments. Our method achieves an optical focusing theory through OAM manipulation, which can be applied in imaging, photoetching, and communication. Furthermore, it also provides an opportunity for energy harvesting from natural OAM materials.
The accuracy of genomic prediction for meat quality traits in Hanwoo cattle when using genotypes from different SNP densities and preselected variants from imputed whole genome sequence
Authors: Bedhane Mohammed , van der Werf Julius , de las Heras-Saldana Sara , Lim Dajeong , Park Byoungho , Na Park Mi , Seung Hee Roh , Clark Samuel
Published: November 2021

Context Genomic prediction is the use of genomic data in the estimation of genomic breeding values (GEBV) in animal breeding. In beef cattle breeding programs, genomic prediction increases the rates of genetic gain by increasing the accuracy of selection at earlier ages. Aims The objectives of the study were to examine the effect of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) density and to evaluate the effect of using SNPs preselected from imputed whole-genome sequence for genomic prediction. Methods Genomic and phenotypic data from 2110 Hanwoo steers were used to predict GEBV for marbling score (MS), meat texture (MT), and meat colour (MC) traits. Three types of SNP densities including 50k, high-density (HD), and whole-genome sequence data and preselected SNPs from genome-wide association study (GWAS) were used for genomic prediction analyses. Two scenarios (independent and dependent discovery populations) were used to select top significant SNPs. The accuracy of GEBV was assessed using random cross-validation. Genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) was used to predict the breeding values for each trait. Key results Our result showed that very similar prediction accuracies were observed across all SNP densities used in the study. The prediction accuracy among traits ranged from 0.29 ± 0.05 for MC to 0.46 ± 0.04 for MS. Depending on the studied traits, up to 5% of prediction accuracy improvement was obtained when the preselected SNPs from GWAS analysis were included in the prediction analysis. Conclusions High SNP density such as HD and the whole-genome sequence data yielded a similar prediction accuracy in Hanwoo beef cattle. Therefore, the 50K SNP chip panel is sufficient to capture the relationships in a breed with a small effective population size such as the Hanwoo cattle population. Preselected variants improved prediction accuracy when they were included in the genomic prediction model. Implications The estimated genomic prediction accuracies are moderately accurate in Hanwoo cattle and for searching for SNPs that are more productive could increase the accuracy of estimated breeding values for the studied traits.