bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of Discrete Sturm-Liouville Equation with Self-adjoint Operator Coefficients on the Half-line
Authors: MUTLU Gökhan
Published: December 2021

We investigate the spectrum of the Sturm-Liouville difference equation on the half-line with self-adjoint operator coefficients in an infinite dimensional Hilbert space together with the Dirichlet boundary condition. We find the Jost solution and examine its analytical and asymptotical properties. Using these properties, we obtain the continuous and point spectrum of the discrete operator generated by the Sturm-Liouville difference equation with self-adjoint operator coefficients. We also show that this operator has a finite number of eigenvalues with finite multiplicities under a certain condition on the operator coefficients.
Investigation of Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Roller Compacted Concretes Produced with Different Aggregates
Authors: KILIÇ İsmail , GÖK Saadet Gökçe
Published: December 2021

Roller compacted concretes are a building material that can be produced using the raw materials used in traditional concrete production, which allows working with dry mix with the production technique, and is preferred for use in road and dam constructions. In this experimental study, the effect of using different aggregates in roller compacted concretes on the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete was investigated. Dolomite, basalt, marble and limestone were used as coarse aggregates in the production of roller compacted concrete. In roller compacted concrete production, concrete mixtures with zero slump value and water/cement ratio of 0.35 were prepared, and these mixtures were compressed in two stages and placed in the mold. The specimens were demolded 24 h after casting and moist-cured. The water-saturated cube specimens, which were kept in lime-saturated water for 90 days, were subjected to repeated freeze-thaw cycles of 12 hours at +20°C and 12 hours at -20°C. At the end of 25, 50 and 75 cycles, the weight and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) of roller compacted concrete specimens were recorded. At the end of 75 cycles, the average compressive strength, standard deviation and coefficient of variation values of the specimens were determined. At the end of 75 freeze-thaw cycles, the compressive strength loss was determined as 12.2% in the samples produced with dolomite aggregate, 13.8% in those produced with basalt, 3.3% in those produced with marble, and 4.6% in those produced with limestone. As a result of the experimental study, it was observed that the aggregate type was effective on the freeze-thaw resistance of the roller compacted concretes.
Transportation Energy Demand Modeling with Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: ÇODUR Merve Kayacı
Published: December 2021

Energy demands of countries are changing rapidly in parallel with development, industrialization, urbanization, the spread of technology, prosperity, and population growth. Energy use in the transport sector in the last few years, Turkey has shown a significant increase. Therefore, energy management and predicting are critically important to environmental safety and the upcoming economic well-being. In recent years, studies to determine the energy demand have accelerated. In Addition, in order to estimate the demand levels in the most accurate way, the most appropriate model should be selected. In this study, different models for predicting Turkey's transport energy demand by using artificial neural networks have been established. Population, oil prices, gross domestic product, ton-km, vehicle-km, and passenger-km are selected as parameters by considering 1975 and 2016 data. The best model is tried to be obtained with the models in which different parameters are used together. The best model was established with the oil price, population, ton-km and it was determined that this model had the lowest error and highest R2 values.
Comparison of the Mobile and Fixed Nano/Micro-Scale Systems by Using Monte Carlo Simulation for Different Viscosity Values
Authors: IŞIK İbrahim , IŞIK Esme
Published: December 2021

Nano networks that are defined as a communication of nano-sized devices (Nano Machines) are a new nano/micro-scale system subject. In this study, on the contrary to the literature, a mobile nano network model has been used to analyze the proposed system in a different viscosity environment by using some Physics law. Because it is known that besides the molecules, which transport information between transmitter and receiver, the transmitter and receiver parts of the biological cells can be mobile in the blood or any other fluid media. In addition, the effect of viscosity which is an important part of the environment of the nano-device systems and distance between transmitter and receiver are analyzed detailed in Matlab with analytical and simulation results by comparing the fixed and mobile nano scale systems. It is concluded that when the receiver and transmitter are mobile, distance between them changes and finally this affects the probability of the received molecules at the receiver. As is expected, the fraction of received molecules is obtained the highest when the viscosity of the environment and distance are the lowest for both fixed and mobile system models. Also positions of receiver and transmitter show that when the distance of transmitter and receiver increases from the origin, fraction of received molecules decreases.
Biyokömür ve Toprak Fiziksel Özellikleri
Authors: ALMA Mehmet Hakkı , ALTIKAT Alperay
Published: December 2021

Biyokömür, organik materyalin termokimyasal dönüşüm süreçler sonucunda üretilen yüksek karbon içeriğine sahip bir materyaldir. Biyokömürün endüstriyel ve çevresel kullanım alanlarının yanı sıra tarım sektöründe sorunlu topraklarda toprak düzenleyici olarak da kullanılmaktadır. Bu araştırmada, biyokömürün toprağın bazı toprak fiziksel özellikleri ile toprak ve bitkideki nem değişimleri ve toprak sıcaklığına olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Detaylı literatür incelemelerinde toprağa uygulanan biyokömürün; toprak hacim ağırlığı, porozitesi, hidrolik iletkenliği, agregat stabilizesi ile bitki ve toprak nem içeriği üzerinde olumlu etkilerinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalarda biyokömürün toprak özelliklerine olan etkileri, biyokömürün üretim teknolojisi ve fiziksel özelliklerine bağlı olarak değiştiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Üretim aşamasında kullanılan; piroliz sıcaklığı, hammadde türü, agregat çapı gibi faktörler biyokömürün toprağa olan etki düzeylerini değiştirmiştir. Buna ilaveten, konu ile yapılan çalışmaların büyük bir bölümü laboratuvar ya da sera ortamında genelde 2 yıllık süreyle yürütüldüğü ve tarla koşullarında uzun vadede sürdürülen araştırma sayısının da oldukça sınırlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu nedenle biyokömürün toprak üzerindeki etkilerini uzun vadede tespitine yönelik tarla denemelerinin yürütülmesinin gerekli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu bağlamda yapılacak tarla denemelerinde biyokömürü toprağa karıştırmak amacıyla kullanılacak yöntemlerin etkinliğinin de araştırılması oldukça önemli bir konu olarak değerlendirilmiştir.
A High Available Multi-Controller Structure for SDN and Placement of Multi-Controllers of SDN with Optimized K-means Algorithm
Authors: BABAYİĞİT Bilal , ULU Banu
Published: December 2021

Facilitating the management of the traditional networks, Software Defined Networking (SDN), separates data plane and control plane, so providing advantages such as programmability, flexibility, and cost-effective configuration. But, SDN has some problems such as security, infrastructure, single-point-of-failure, and controller placement. A single-point-of-failure problem can be solved with a multi-controller; however, it needs to be improved. The most critical issue in solving the multi-controller placement problem is minimizing latency between controllers and their associated switches. In this paper, an SDN-based multi-controller system using Docker-swarm mode is presented to solve the single-point-of-failure problem, and using the presented system, the multi-controller placement problem is solved with optimized k-means (Opk-means) in order to reduce the end-to-end latency. The experimental results show that the proposed testbed provides a high availability control plane for multi-controller, and the Opk-means algorithm significantly reduces the latency when compared to the standard k-means in the testbed.
Tekrarlı Açgözlü Algoritma Üzerine Kapsamlı Bir Analiz
Authors: DEMİR Yunus
Published: December 2021

Genel olarak optimizasyon, belirli kısıtlar altında en iyi sonucun elde edilmesi için yapılan çalışmaların bütünüdür. Temel olarak optimizasyon problemlerinin çözümü için geliştirilen yaklaşımlar kesin çözüm yöntemleri ve yaklaşık çözüm yöntemleri olmak üzere iki grup altında incelenir. Kesin çözüm yöntemleri optimumu garanti ederler ancak NP-Zor yapıdaki büyük boyutlu gerçek hayat problemleri için kabul edilebilir bir zamanda çözüm üretemezler. Bu yüzden araştırmacılar, kabul edilebilir zamanda, kaliteli çözümler verebilmeleri nedeni ile yaklaşık çözüm yöntemlerinden metasezgisel yöntemlere büyük ilgi göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada uygulaması kolay ve etkili bir metasezgisel olan tekrarlı açgözlü algoritmaya yönelik detaylı bir analiz çalışması yapılmıştır. İlgili metasezgisele ait her bir operatör alt başlıklar halinde ele alınmıştır. Çeşitli problemler için geliştirilen tekrarlı açgözlü algoritma yaklaşımları avantaj ve dezavantajlarıyla okuyucuya sunulmuştur. Özetle bu çalışmada tabu, tavlama benzetimi, tekrarlı yerel arama gibi çeşitli meta-sezgiseller ile ortak birçok yönü bulunan tekrarlı açgözlü algoritma hakkında Türkçe literatüre katkıda bulunmak amaçlanmıştır.
Thymus sipyleus (Boiss.) subsp. rosulans (Borbas) Jalas ve Mentha longifolia subsp. longifolia (Lamiaceae) Ait Uçucu Yağların Bazı Depolanmış Ürün Zararlılarına Karşı Fumigant Etkileri
Authors: AKKUŞ Seliha , GÖZÜAÇIK Celalettin , GÜLTEKİN Levent
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada, Iğdır ilinden toplanmış Lamiaceae familyasına ait Thymus sipyleus (Boiss) subsp. rosulans (Borbas) Jalas ve Mentha longifolia (Hudson) subsp. longifolia bitkilerinin toprak üstü aksamlarından elde edilen uçucu yağların Ekin kambur biti, Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius), testereli böcek, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus), küçük kırma biti, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), börülce tohum böceği, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) ve kırma biti, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val’un ergin dönemlerine karşı fumigant etkileri incelenmiştir. Söz konusu bitkilerden elde edilen yağlar 25±1°C sıcaklık ve %65±5 orantılı nem koşullarında 5, 10 ve 15 μl petri-1 dozlarında 3 tekerrür hazırlanmış ve 12, 24, 48, 72 ve 96 saatte ölüm oranlarına bakılarak LC50 ve LC90 değerleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışmalar sonucunda, (LC50 ve LC90) değerine göre en az toksisite Thymus sipyleus Boiss. subsp. rosulans uçucu yağı için (LC50, 1.1555 μl böcek-1 ve LC90, 4.567) O. surinamensis erginleri üzerinde belirlenirken, her iki bitkinin uçucu yağının diğer tür ve dozların toksisiteye sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir.
Farklı Sulama Seviyelerinin Bazı Kinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Çeşitlerinde Kök ve Sürgün Gelişmesine Etkileri
Authors: AKÇAY Emre , TAN Mustafa
Published: December 2021

Kinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) kuraklık gibi olumsuz çevre şartlarına dayanıklı bir bitkidir. Ancak bu dayanıklılık genotiplere bağlı olarak değişmektedir. Bu araştırma farklı kinoa genotiplerinin sürgün ve kök büyümesi üzerine değişik sulama seviyelerinin etkisini belirlemek amacıyla planlanmıştır. Araştırma Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi seralarında tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre üç tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Farklı orijinlere sahip 10 çeşit kullanılmış ve fide döneminde 5 farklı sulama seviyesi (tarla kapasitesinde sulama, tarla kapasitesinin %50, 25, 10 ve 5’i oranında sulama) uygulanmıştır. Uygulamaların etkilerini belirlemek için sürgün ve kök uzunluğu, sürgün ve kök kuru ağırlıkları, kök/sürgün oranları ve kuraklık tolerans değerleri belirlenmiştir. Kinoada kök ve sürgün gelişmesi çeşitlere ve sulama seviyelerine bağlı olarak önemli değişimler göstermiştir. Sulama seviyesi azaldıkça sürgün ve kök uzunlukları ile kuru ağırlıkları ve kurağa tolerans yüzdeleri düşmüştür. Kök/sürgün oranı ise tarla kapasitesinin %50’si seviyesindeki sulamada daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Su kısıtlamasına çeşitlerin tepkileri farklılık göstermiştir. Titicaca, Sandoval Mix, Moqu Arrochilla ve Mint Vanilla kuraklık tolerans yüzdesi yüksek olan çeşitler olarak belirlenmiştir.
olarak belirlenmiştir.
Malatya İli Koyunculuk İşletmelerinde Yetiştiricilik Uygulamalarına Ait Özelliklerin Belirlenmesi
Authors: ŞEKER İbrahim , KUL Selim , KÖSEMAN Abdurrahman , ELÇİ Emre
Published: December 2021

Bu araştırma, Malatya ilindeki koyunculuk işletmelerinde bazı yetiştiricilik uygulamalarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla 193 adet koyunculuk işletmesi araştırma kapsamında değerlendirilmiş ve sahipleriyle yüz yüze anket gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan araştırmada, koyunculuk işletmelerinin yetiştiricilik uygulamalarına ait bazı kriterler bakımından olumlu özelliklere sahip oldukları bununla birlikte bazı tercihler açısından ise birtakım eksikliklerinin bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada, yetiştiricilerin %65.11’inin 100-299 baş koyun varlığına sahip oldukları, %79.58’inin sürülerini 6 ay ağıl ve 6 ay merada olacak şekilde yetiştirdikleri, %84.97’unun çobanlığı kendisinin yaptığı, %54.69’unun damızlık teminini kendi işletmesinden sağladığı, %57.59’unun ihtiyaç fazlası damızlık koyunları tüccarlara besi için sattıkları, %47.90’ının işletme kayıtlarını tuttukları, %98.92’sinin sağımı elle yaptıkları, %45.70’inin kuzuları 3 aylıkken sütten kestikleri, %96.77’sinin kuzularda doğal büyütmeyi tercih ettikleri, %80.42’sinin koyunlarına kaba yem olarak saman ve %79.46’sının kesif yem olarak arpa yedirdikleri, %90.86’sının ek yemleme yapmadıkları fakat yeme tuz ve mineral ilavesi yaptıkları, %90.32’sinin serbest aşım metodunu tercih ettikleri, %80.75’inin koçları ilk kez 2 yaşındayken damızlıkta kullandıkları, %88.65’inin koçları sürüde kızgınlık süresince tuttukları ve %72.59’unun 2-3 yılda bir dışarıdan damızlık koç aldıkları saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, Malatya ili koyun varlığında son 6 yılda az da olsa bir azalma meydana geldiği, işletmelerde yetiştiricilik uygulamalarına dair yöntemler ve tercihlerde nitelik ve nicelik bakımından değiştirilmesi ve geliştirilmesi gereken bazı hususlar olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Problemlerin çözümüne yönelik alınacak yapısal önlemler ile gerçekleştirilecek sosyal, teknik ve ekonomik iyileştirmeler yanında yetiştiricilere yönelik eğitim faaliyetlerinin artırılmasının daha kârlı, etkin ve başarılı bir yetiştiricilik yapılmasına imkân sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Overhauser Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Parameters of a Nitroxide Radical in Liquid
Authors: ENGİN KİRİMLİ Handan
Published: December 2021

Solution state Overhauser-effect-type dynamic nuclear polarization (ODNP) has been studied in the last years. The basis of ODNP is a polarization mechanism that presents nuclei with electron spin polarization. ODNP enhancements studies are presented 4-fluorobenzyl alcohol (4FBA) with the stable nitroxide radical as the polarizing agent for 15, 30 and 60 mM concentrations at 1.53 mT. Major ODNP parameters were obtained. The significant parameter is the coupling parameter, since it determines the maximum NMR signal enhancements and the interactions between the nuclear spin and the electron spin. The coupling parameter can vary from -0.152 to 0.001. The obtained ODNP parameters show that both scalar and dipolar interactions occur. The results show that nitroxide radical can be taken as polarizing agent for ODNP studies of 4-fluorobenzyl alcohol solvent. The effect of dissolved molecular oxygen on the enhancement factor for the sample with the smallest concentration was experimentally investigated.
Uygulanan Çekme Deformasyonu Altında Niyobyum Nano Telinin Mekanik Özelliklerinin Moleküler Dinamik Benzetimi ile İncelenmesi
Authors: KAZANÇ Sefa
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada farklı sıcaklık ve zorlanma oranlarında [100] doğrultusu boyunca uygulanan çekme deformasyonunun Nb nano telinin mekanik özellikleri üzerindeki etkisi Moleküler Dinamik (MD) benzetim yöntemi kullanılarak incelendi. Model sisteme uygulanan tek eksenli çekme zorlanması altında zor-zorlanma eğrisi, elastiklik modülü, akma zorlanması, poisson oranı ve oluşan plastik deformasyon belirlendi. Atomlar arasındaki kuvvetler çok cisim etkileşmelerini içeren Gömülmüş Atom Metodu (GAM) ile elde edildi. Sıcaklık ve zorlanma oranının Nb nano telinin mekanik davranışları üzerinde etkili olduğu tespit edildi. Elastiklik modülünün düşük sıcaklıklarda zorlanma oranından bağımsız olduğu, buna karşılık sıcaklık artışıyla azaldığı, ayrıca akma zorunun, sıcaklığın artmasıyla ve zorlanma oranının azalmasıyla azaldığı belirlendi. Uyarlanabilir genel komşu analiz (Adaptive Common Neighbor Analysis-aCNA) yöntemi kullanılarak plastik deformasyona karşılık gelen ikizlenmelerin hareketi ve bunun sonucu olarak bölgesel kristal yapıların yeniden yönelim aldığıgözlemlendi.
Economic Analysis and Marketing Margin of Walnut Market In Turkey
Authors: AŞKAN Emine
Published: December 2021

In the research, grower and consumer prices and the marketing structure of walnut in Turkey it was surveyed. This research focuses on foreign trade, consumption, price fluctuations production and marketing from 2003 to 2017. It has been determined that there is an increase in the number of walnut trees and walnut production over the years and a decrease in walnut yield. In the marketing margin calculations, approximately half of the price paid by the consumer for one kg of walnut is received by the farmer in exchange for the shelled walnut equivalent to the unshelled walnut. This is an important ratio for the farmer and shows that the farmer has a significant profit from this product. Although income was not statistically significant in the forecasted walnut demand model, there was an increase in per capita income in Turkey. Population growth has directly increased walnut consumption. Increases in consumption could not be met with domestic production, so imports increased over the years. With respect to Walnut demand and supply functions, supply elasticity (Se) 0.350 and demand elasticity (De) 0.097 were found. With respect to elasticity coefficients, Walnut growers' sensitivity to changes in prices is higher than consumers'.
Physiological and Genetic Variation of Hordeum vulgare L. and Triticum aestivum L. Lines Planted in Turkey
Authors: YÖRÜK Emre , KELEŞ Esra , ERLİK Semih , YILDIZ Seçil , KOCABAŞ Gizem , ÖZSOY Esma
Published: December 2021

Hordeum vulgare L. (barley) and Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) are among the most valuable crops cultivated and planted in many regions including Turkey. These plants have wide range of adaptation ability and capacity; they represent high level of variation in terms of physiological, genetics and epigenetics parameters and characteristics. Physiological and genetic variations were investigated by relative water content (RWC) assays, measuring electroconductivity (EC) levels and amplification of microsatellite markers in 21 barley and 43 wheat lines. At least three drought sensitive and three drought resistant lines were detected in barley and wheat lines via RWC assays. RWC values were recorded between 0.05±0.013 and 0.55±0.003%. Similarly great variation was detected for EC values of both barley and also wheat lines. Minimum and maximum EC values were ranged from 4.00±0.06 μS cm-1 to 59.88±3.209 μS cm-1. Three microsatellite markers, Bmag0120, Bmag0306 and Bmag375, were targeted in barley genome. Similarly, Han18, Wmc506 and Wmc623 microsatellite markers were targeted in wheat genome. Among these markers only Bmag0120 and Han18 were amplified from each line’s genome by PCR and qPCR assays. In PCR and qPCR analysis homozygous and heterozygous lines were detected for Bmag0120 while each line was homozygous for Han18. Idiomorphic band size as 300 bp was detected in Han18 while it was ranged from 224 to 279 bp for
Bmac0120 marker. Results showed that homozygous lines were drought resistant ones in barley lines whereas no correlation was found for wheat lines investigated in this study.
Anatomy, Palynology and Micromorphology of the Genus Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) Section Uliginosi Gray in Turkey
Authors: ÖZBEK Funda , EKİCİ Murat , BÜYÜKKARTAL Hatice Nurhan , PINAR Nur Münevver
Published: December 2021

The anatomical, palynological and leaflet and fruit micromorphological properties of two Astragalus L. species, namely A. falcatus Lam. and A. odoratus Lam. attributed to the section Uliginosi Gray (Fabaceae) from Turkey were considered via light (LM) and scanning electron microscopies (SEM) in order to determine their these characteristics and to assess the diagnostic value of these properties as taxonomic evidence. The leaflets type in terms of the anatomy, the type of stomata and trichomes, the shape and aperture of pollen grains and also the surface ornamentation of the fruits and trichomes are similar in these two species. Anatomical features such as the shape of the stem and petiole, the absence or presence of pith cavity in the stem and the number of vascular bundles in the petiole possess a systematic importance. Bifurcate trichomes are present on both surfaces of the leaflets. The ornamentation of trichomes is verrucate. The surface pattern of fruits is reticulate. The pollen grains are isopolar, radially symmetrical, trizonocolporate and prolate-spheroidal. Exine sculpturing is found to be a valuable characteristic for separating these species.
Some Aryl Sulfonyl Ester-Based Heterocyclic Schiff Bases: Synthesis, Structure Elucidation and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: BAŞARAN Eyüp
Published: December 2021

In this research work, a series of heterocyclic Schiff base compounds bearing arylsulfonyl ester moiety (2a-i) were designed, synthesized, characterized by spectral techniques such as 1D NMR (1H and 13C), 2D NMR (COSY and HMQC), and FT-IR; and then examined their antioxidant activity was by using four different methods as DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and β-carotenelinoleic acid assays. According to the results obtained, it determined that all synthesized molecules had antioxidant activity. In the DPPH assay, it was found that compound 2e (IC50: 96.23±0.02 μM/mL) demonstrated the antioxidant activity among all synthesized molecules. In ABTS assay, compounds 2e (IC50: 41.88±0.21 μM/mL) and 2g (IC50: 50.75±0.32 μM/mL) were determined to be the molecules with the activity, respectively. Compound 2e (IC50:73.49±0.00 μM/mL) indicated the best antioxidant activity in the CUPRAC assay compared to other synthesize molecules. In the β-carotene-linoleic acid assay, compound 2e (IC50: 58.79±0.58 μM/mL) displayed antioxidant activity than all other synthesized molecules. Compounds 2d (IC50: 74.17±0.22 μM/mL) and 2g (IC50: 66.06±0.13 μM/mL) indicated higher antioxidant activity than the remaining molecules in this series, except for compound 2e. In conclusion, it is thought that this study will contribute to the ongoing studies on the design and synthesis of new antioxidant agents.
Kesir Dereceli Hiperkaotik Osilatörlerde Trigonometrik Fonksiyon ile Çoklu Çeker Üretimi
Authors: ALTUN Kenan
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada, Sprott G sistemine doğrusal olmayan trigonometrik fonksiyonlar dahil edilerek kesir dereceli hiperkaotik çoklu çeker üretimi sunulmaktadır. İlk olarak, Sprott G sisteminin orijinal dinamik yapısının bilgisayar benzetimi ve Lyapunov üstelleri hesaplanmıştır. Daha sonra dinamik sistem, hiperkaotik çekerler üretmek için kesir dereceli analiz yöntemleri ile yeniden yapılandırılmıştır. Hiperkaotik yapısına ait benzetim çalışması ve nümerik analizi yapılmıştır. Son olarak, çoklu çeker yapıları oluşturmak için kesir dereceli hiperkaotik sisteme doğrusal olmayan trigonometrik fonksiyon serileri eklenmiştir. Önerilen sistemin dinamik davranışlarına ait bilgisayar benzetimi, faz uzay gösterimi, Lyapunov üstelleri analizi sunularak güvenilir haberleşme sistemleri için önemi açıklanmıştır.
Kalsiyum Aljinatta Tutuklanmış Paracoccus denitrificans ile Sabit Yatak Biyoreaktörde İçme Sularından Nitrat Giderimi
Authors: KAÇMAZOĞLU Emine
Published: December 2021

Bu araştırmada, kalsiyum aljinatta tutuklanmış Paracoccus denitrificans hücreleri ile sabit yataklı biyofilm reaktörde nitrat giderimi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, besleme çözeltisinin nitrat içeriği ve akış hızının biyolojik denitrifikasyon üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu inceleme sonucunda, reaktör çıkışındaki ürün suyun nitrat derişimi, 150 mL h-1’lik akış hızına kadar Dünya Sağlık Örgütü ve TS-266 tarafından izin verilen standartların altında bulunmuştur. Maksimum reaktör verimliliği ve 31.53 mg L-1 h-1 olarak 150 mL h-1’lik besleme çözeltisi akış hızında elde edilmiştir. Bu değer için hidrolik alıkonma süresi 30 dakikadır. Besleme çözeltisi nitrat içeriği 250 mg L-1’ye kadar, çıkış suyundaki nitrat derişimi standartların altında bulunmuştur. Maksimum nitrat giderme hızı ve reaktör verimliliği 397.50 mg L-1 h-1’lik yükleme hızında sırasıyla 342.06 ve 30.70 mg L-1 h-1 olarak elde edilmiştir.
Effect of Temperature on The I-V and P-V Curves of The Photovoltaic Cell
Authors: CANGİ Hasan , ADAK Süleyman , YILMAZ Ahmet Serdar
Published: December 2021

Photovoltaic (PV) cells are semiconductor materials that convert sunlight coming on their surfaces directly into electrical energy. Solar panels can be converted into electrical energy with efficiency between 5% and 20% depending on the structure of the solar cells. There are many factors which affect the PV cells' generation of electrical energy. These factors are such as efficiency of the solar cells, sunshine duration, humidity, dust, solar radiation and temperature. In this article, the effect of temperature on the PV cell current-voltage (I-V) and power- current (P-V) curves were investigated. Low temperatures do not adversely effect on solar cell efficiency, while high temperatures reduce productivity significantly. This study was carried out for 10 (°C), 30 (°C) and 50 (°C) of ambient temperature. The effect of temperature on the P-V and I-V of the PV solar cell analyzed and plotted by Matlab/Simulink software program. The efficiency of a photovoltaic PV cell mainly depends on the ambient temperature, PV cell temperature, solar irradiation intensity and the type of semiconductor materiel which the PV cell is produced. In this study, using the PV cell catalog data, the equivalent circuit of the panel is modeled in Matlab software program and the effects of temperature changes on the PV cell power have been investigated.
Akarsu ve Vadi Peyzajlarında Bir Tasarım Yaklaşımı: Denizli Zindan Deresi Örneği
Authors: ZENGİN Murat , ÖZDEDE Sinem , DOĞAN Duygu , AYDAR Tolga
Published: December 2021

Tarihsel açıdan uygarlıkların oluşumları ele alındığında, yaşamın sürdürülebilirliğindeki en önemli doğal kaynak olan su kenarlarının tercih edildiği bilinmektedir. Günümüz kentlerinde de akarsular ve vadiler hala gerek ekolojik olarak gerekse rekreasyonel olanaklar sunmasıyla önemini korumaktadırlar. Kent içerisinde yer alan vadiler, topografik yapıları sebebiyle, kentlerdeki diğer alanlardan farklı iklim yapısı sergilemektedir. Rüzgâr koridoru olma özellikleriyle kentin nefes aldığı koridorlar olmakla birlikte, içinde oluşan topografik yapı farklılıklarından dolayı flora ve fauna çeşitliliği de sağlamaktadırlar. Bunun yanı sıra genellikle büyük bir hidrolojik yapının da parçasıdırlar ve hidrolojik döngünün sağlanmasında önemli bir role sahiptirler. Akarsular ise, yapıları dolayısıyla duyarlı ekosistemlerdir ve fiziki yapıları sebebiyle bağlantılılık için önemli çizgisel hatlardır. Vadi ve akarsular müdahalelere karşı hassas alanlar olmakla birlikte, rekreasyonel açıdan doğru kullanımlara yer verildiğinde kullanıcıların fiziksel ve ruhsal sağlığına da olumlu etkileri vardır. Çalışma kapsamında Denizli İli Muratdede Mahallesi Zindan Deresi’nde bir peyzaj tasarım önerisi sergilenmiştir. Alana ilişkin GZFT analizleri gerçekleştirilmiş; görsel, doğal ve kültürel çevre analizleri yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma ile hızlı kentleşme sürecinin yaşandığı vadi ve akarsu alanlarında, doğal yapının korunduğu, kentin yeşil altyapısının desteklendiği ve alternatif bir rekreasyon alanı niteliği kazanmış alanlara örnek bir proje tasarım süreci geliştirilmiştir.
An expert system for predicting the infiltration characteristics
Authors: Singh Balraj , Ebtehaj Isa , Sihag Parveen , Bonakdari Hossein
Published: December 2021

Infiltration plays a fundamental role in streamflow, groundwater recharge, subsurface flow, and surface and subsurface water quality and quantity. This study includes a comparative analysis of the two machine learning techniques, M5P model tree (M5P) and Gene Expression Programming (GEP), in predictions of the infiltration characteristics. The models were trained and tested using the 7 combination (CMB1 – CMB7) of input parameters; moisture content (m), bulk density of soil (D), percentage of silt (SI), sand (SA) and clay (C), and time (t), with output parameters; cumulative infiltration (CI) and infiltration rate (IR). Results suggested that GEP has an edge over M5P to predict the IR and CI with R, RMSE and MAE values 0.9343, 15.9667 mm/hr & 8.7676 mm/hr, and 0.9586, 9.2522 mm and 7.7865 mm for IR and CI, respectively with CMB1. Although the M5P model also gave good results with R, RMSE and MAE values 0.9192, 14.1821 mm/hr, and 19.2497 mm/hr, and 0.8987, 11.2144 mm and 18.4328 mm for IR and CI, respectively, but lower than GEP. Furthermore, single-factor ANOVA and uncertainty analysis were used to show the significance of the predicted results and to find the most efficient soft computing techniques respectively.
„Causa simulandi” a wykluczenie dobra wierności małżeńskiej
Authors: Leszczyński Grzegorz
Published: December 2021

Zarówno doktryna, jak i orzecznictwo wskazują, że wykluczenie dobra wierności musi dokonać się pozytywnym aktem woli, jednak przydatne w określeniu prawdziwej woli symulanta zdaje się być określenie relacji zachodzącej między wolą zawarcia małżeństwa a wolą wykluczenia dobra wierności. Ważne jest określenie tych przyczyn, zarówno dalszych, jak i bliższych. Orzecznictwo wskazuje nie tylko na zaburzenia czy anomalie psychoseksualne, ale w obecnym czasie znaczenie posiada przede wszystkim mentalność współczesnych ludzi, propagujących idee wolności seksualnej, które w niektórych przypadkach mogą osiągać znamiona osobowości zdeprawowanej. Przyczyny bliższe są bardzo różne w zależności od  przypadku, choć do najczęstszych zalicza się chęć utrzymania relacji pozamałżeńskiej z osobą, z którą kontrahent był związany przed zawarciem małżeństwa.
Przeszkody do zawarcia związku małżeńskiego w dokumencie o małżeństwie Wielkiego Soboru Kościoła Prawosławnego, Kreta 2016
Authors: Kuźma Andrzej
Published: December 2021

W artykule została przedstawiona krótka historia powstania tekstu o małżeństwie, który został przyjęty na Soborze Kościoła Prawosławnego na Krecie w 2016 roku. Druga część tego dokumentu wymienia przeszkody, które stanowią przeszkody w zawarciu związku małżeńskiego. Dokument z Krety wymienia pięć przeszkód: pokrewieństwo i powinowactwo, brak unieważnienia poprzedniego małżeństwa, śluby zakonne, kapłaństwo, związki mieszane wyznaniowo i religijnie. W artykule wskazano również na kontrowersje związane z pewnymi rozbieżnościami w świecie prawosławnym dotyczącymi postrzegania kapłaństwa jako przeszkody w zawarciu małżeństwa jak też postrzegania związków małżeńskich mieszanych wyznaniowo.
Dowód z dokumentów prywatnych w procesie o stwierdzenie nieważności małżeństwa
Authors: Dappa Rafał
Published: December 2021

Wraz z rozwojem oraz powszechnością środków komunikacji elektronicznej, w praktyce sądowej zauważyć można wzmożoną aktywność stron polegającą na przedkładaniu różnego rodzaju dokumentów (np. skany SMS-ów, wydruki poczty elektronicznej) jako materiał dowodowy. Wartość dowodowa takich materiałów często bywa wątpliwa lub wręcz znikoma, przede wszystkim ze względu na trudności z weryfikacją ich autentyczności. Bywa jednak, że tego typu dowód okazuje się przydatny dla sprawy. Celem niniejszego przedłożenia jest próba krytycznej oceny przydatności dokumentów prywatnych jako dowodu w kanonicznym procesie o stwierdzenie nieważności małżeństwa.
Bojaźń szacunkowa w wyroku c. Ferreira Pena z 30 października 2013 roku
Authors: Dzierżon Ginter
Published: December 2021

Zaprezentowane opracowanie jest komentarzem do afirmatywnego wyroku Roty Rzymskiej c. Ferreira Pena z 30 października 2013 roku. W strukturze opracowania Autor szczegółowo omówił poszczególne segmenty rozstrzygnięcia: przebieg sprawy, motywy prawne oraz faktyczne. W komentarzu wykazał, iż wnioskowanie ponensa polegało na implantacji ratio tytułu bojaźni szacunkowej jaką jest ochrona wolności nupturienta w zawieraniu małżeństwa, jaką była sprawa Lycien. Przyjętą tezę udowodnił za pomocą dowodzenia bezpośredniego oraz pośredniego. Po pierwsze dowiódł, iż oświadczenia powoda zostały poparte zeznaniami świadków oraz okolicznościami sprawy; po drugie, wykazał wystąpienie u powoda poważnej awersji do zawieranego małżeństwa.
Convolutional Neural Network–Based Automatic Classification of Colorectal and Prostate Tumor Biopsies Using Multispectral Imagery: System Development Study
Authors: Peyret Remy , alSaeed Duaa , Khelifi Fouad , Al-Ghreimil Nadia , Al-Baity Heyam , Bouridane Ahmed
Published: December 2021

Background

Colorectal and prostate cancers are the most common types of cancer in men worldwide. To diagnose colorectal and prostate cancer, a pathologist performs a histological analysis on needle biopsy samples. This manual process is time-consuming and error-prone, resulting in high intra- and interobserver variability, which affects diagnosis reliability.

Objective

This study aims to develop an automatic computerized system for diagnosing colorectal and prostate tumors by using images of biopsy samples to reduce time and diagnosis error rates associated with human analysis.

Methods

In this study, we proposed a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for classifying colorectal and prostate tumors from multispectral images of biopsy samples. The key idea was to remove the last block of the convolutional layers and halve the number of filters per layer.

Results

Our results showed excellent performance, with an average test accuracy of 99.8% and 99.5% for the prostate and colorectal data sets, respectively. The system showed excellent performance when compared with pretrained CNNs and other classification methods, as it avoids the preprocessing phase while using a single CNN model for the whole classification task. Overall, the proposed CNN architecture was globally the best-performing system for classifying colorectal and prostate tumor images.

Conclusions

The proposed CNN architecture was detailed and compared with previously trained network models used as feature extractors. These CNNs were also compared with other classification techniques. As opposed to pretrained CNNs and other classification approaches, the proposed CNN yielded excellent results. The computational complexity of the CNNs was also investigated, and it was shown that the proposed CNN is better at classifying images than pretrained networks because it does not require preprocessing. Thus, the overall analysis was that the proposed CNN architecture was globally the best-performing system for classifying colorectal and prostate tumor images.
Acceptability of Serious Games in Pediatric Asthma Education and Self-management: Pilot Study
Authors: Silva-Lavigne Nicole , Valderrama Alena , Pelaez Sandra , Bransi Myriam , Balli Fabio , Gervais Yannick , Gaudy Thomas , Tse Sze Man
Published: December 2021

Background

Asthma is the most common chronic pediatric disease. Despite existing tools to manage asthma, 40%-55% of children with asthma experience uncontrolled asthma. Serious games (SGs) represent a novel approach in promoting asthma education and self-management for children.

Objective

In this qualitative pilot study with an embedded quantitative design, we aim to use focus groups and questionnaires to describe the perceived role of SGs in different aspects of asthma self-management by children and their parents. These aspects include asthma perception and knowledge, the impact of asthma and barriers to asthma self-management, and the support system for asthma self-management.

Methods

A total of 5 children with asthma and their parents were invited to participate in an organized gaming session. Children and their parents completed a pregaming questionnaire on their medical history and asthma knowledge. Then, they were invited to test 4 original SG prototypes, after which the children answered a postgaming questionnaire on their asthma knowledge and perception of the SGs. Children and their parents subsequently participated in parallel focus groups, which were video-recorded or audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed by reaching consensus among members of the research team.

Results

The mean age of the children was 10.3 (SD 1.5) years, with 20% (1/5) of the children being male. Qualitative data from the transcripts were coded into three separate domains: asthma self-management perception and knowledge, impact of asthma and barriers to asthma self-management, and support system for asthma self-management. We specifically explored the perceived roles of SGs within each domain. A key takeaway message was identified for each of these three domains: heterogeneity of asthma knowledge and the ability of SGs to encourage knowledge transfer through games, consequences and limitations of asthma and the ability of SGs to allow for identification and management of real-life situations through games, and insufficient support system and the ability of SGs to encourage playing with others for support and shared knowledge.

Conclusions

Our pilot study explored the role of SGs in the self-management of asthma, as perceived by children and their parents. Our findings support the acceptability of SGs in asthma education and self-management in pediatrics and the necessity for future development in this field.
CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE LUMBAR DISC HERNIATION WITH ASSOCIATED RADICULOPATHY: A STUDY
Authors: TJ RAPPAI , SURENDER  , PORWAL NEERAV , KUMAR ASHOK , CHAUHAN SAPNA
Published: December 2021

Objective: Acute disc herniation (DH) is a common cause of low back pain (LBP). It ranks fifth in the category of diseases in terms of cost of hospital care. It has higher indirect costs due to absenteeism from work and disability than any other disease. The present study was performed to assess the clinical outcomes of non-surgically treated LBP patients after 6 months of follow-up.
Methods: The present study was prospective study which was performed on 450 lumbar radicular patients visiting the neurosurgery outpatient department having clinical signs and symptoms of acute lumbar DH of less than 3 month duration. Their diagnosis was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. The patients were treated conservatively during 6 months. Pain and disability were assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability questionnaire, respectively.
Results: About 135 (30%) female and 315 (70%) male participated in the study. During the follow-up period, 27 (06%) patients (21 male and 6 female) showed poor response to conservative treatment and motor weakness and underwent surgical intervention. A significant improvement in the VAS Score was seen after 6 months of conservative treatment than initial evaluation of patients (3.12±1.84, 7.1±1.43, p=0.00). Furthermore, significant improvement in disability score of patients was seen in follow-up period (25.82±16.92, 53.66±17.66; p=0.00).
Conclusion: Results of our study showed that conservative treatment in patients of acute lumbar DH have significant improvement in pain relief and disability without any notable side effect.
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS SPECTROSCOPY ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION OF BIOACTIVITIES IN THE CHLOROFORM EXTRACT OF HALYMENIA DILATATA ZANARDINI (RED ALGAE) COLLECTED FROM MANDAPAM, TAMIL NADU, INDIA
Authors: RAJA E FREDRICK , PAUL J JOHN PETER
Published: December 2021

Objective: This study was to determine the presence of biochemicals and prediction of bioactivities in the chloroform extract of Halymenia dilatata Zanardini (Red algae) collected from Mandapam, Tamil Nadu, India.
Methods: The active biological components in the chloroform extract of H. dilatata Zanardini were studied using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), and the biological activities were predicted by prediction activity spectra for substances technique.
Results: The analysis revealed the two bioactive components such as N-Hexadecanoic acid (5.384%) and 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, Mono(2- Ethylhexyl) Ester (94.616%). In 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, Mono(2-Ethylhexyl) Ester, 1933 biological activities were predicted. Among the biological activities, 74 were highly active and their Pa score is above 70%. In Pa>0.7, there a 15 different activities are predicated including antitumor (91.5%) followed by anti-inflammatory (89.7%), antimicrobial (84.7%), anti-inflammatory (74.5%), etc.
Conclusion: The present study provided the bioactive components present in the chloroform extract of H. dilatata Zanardini by GC-MS analysis and the prediction of biological studies by prediction of activity spectra for substances.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL ORAL EMULGEL CONTAINING PSIDIUM GUAJAVA LINN. LEAVES EXTRACT (A PREVENTIVE ORAL CARE PREPARATION)
Authors: AKBAL AHMAD  , NIRANJAN ABADHESH KUMAR
Published: December 2021

Objective: The present research work is based to establish the formulation and evaluation of herbal oral emulgel containing extracts of powdered Psidium guajava Linn. leaves extract.
Methods: The guava leaves were collected and extracted by cold maceration process using different solvents, further ethanolic extract was used for the emulgel preparation. Emulsion and gel phase were prepared separately and mixed together in ratio of 1:1.
Results: Different formulations ere developed and evaluated for the physical appearance, pH, homogeneity, spreadability, viscosity, extrudability, antibacterial activity, and in vitro skin permeability studies. In all formulated emulgel containing P. guajava Linn. Leaves, extract F2 formulation gives all satisfactory results as in discuss in this paper.
Conclusion: Overall, concluded that the extract might contain anti-bacterial properties and further tests are required to prove for oral care activity using other in vivo or in vitro techniques.
AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF CESAREAN TRENDS AT A TEACHING HOSPITAL IN PUNJAB
Authors: GROVER SUPARNA , MEENA SUNITA , CHHABRA AJAY
Published: December 2021

Objectives: The objective of the study was to study the indications and risk factors for caesarean section (CS) and to study the caesarean rates in various patient groups as per Robson’s classification.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at Government Medical College Amritsar over a period of six months. All the patients admitted for delivery beyond 22 weeks were allotted to Robson groups on admission and the indications of all CS were recorded. The data collected were tabulated and analyzed statistically.
Results: There were 553 deliveries in the study period, of which there were 241 CS amounting to a caesarean rate of 43.6%. Nulliparity, previous caesarean delivery and malpresentation were significant risk factors for CS but induction of labor was not associated with increased probability of caesarean delivery. Previous caesarean delivery was the most common indication of CS followed by foetal distress. Among Robson groups, group 10 had the biggest group size and biggest contribution to cesarean rates followed by group 5.
Conclusion: Tertiary care government hospitals have a higher cesarean rates due to referral of high-risk pregnancies. Increasing the rates of trial of labour after caesarean is one of the interventions that may serve to decrease the caesarean rates in such institutions.
EVALUATION OF GASTROPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF CAJANUS CAJAN SEEDS EXTRACT ON ETHANOL-INDUCED GASTRIC ULCER IN ALBINO RATS
Authors: AZUBUIKE, NKIRUKA C  , B. AMARA UDEMBA
Published: December 2021

Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the gastroprotective potential of Cajanus cajan seed aqueous extract (CCSE) on experimentally induced gastric ulcer in albino rats.
Methods: Preliminary acute toxicity study was conducted to determine the oral median lethal dose (LD50). Twenty (20) male rats divided into 5 groups (A-E) of 4 animals each were used. Group A (normal control) and B (ulcer model) received 10ml/kg distilled water. Groups C, D and E received Cimetidine (100mg/kg b.w intraperitoneally), 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg b.w of CCSE orally respectively, once daily for seven (7) days. On Day 8, gastric ulcers were induced in groups B – E using 80% ethanol (1ml/rat) prior to sacrifice. Ulcer indices were determined on excised stomach tissues prior to further processing for histological examination.
Results: The LD50 of CCSE is greater than 5g/kg b.w. Cimetidine and CCSE treatments showed statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) in ulcer indices compared to group B (ulcer model). Histological features revealed noticeable preservation of the gastric mucosa in consistence with the macroscopical findings.
Conclusion: The present study revealed that C. cajan seed extract possesses gastroprotective properties against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers.
A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE SAFETY OF ARIPIPRAZOLE IN TREATMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: KHAN ABDUL FAHEEM , RAICHANDANI OMPRAKASH , RAICHANDANI SAPNA , PARVEEN KHANETA
Published: December 2021

Objectives: Aripiprazole is recommended in a dose of 10 and 15 mg/day, with a dose ranging between 10 and 30 mg/day in the treatment of schizophrenia. The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the safety profile of Aripiprazole in low dose of 15 mg versus high dose of 30 mg in the treatment of Schizophrenia.
Methods: A total of 60 patients (not on treatment) between age 18-60 years of either gender who meet the diagnostic criteria as per DSM-IV classification for schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. All patients were randomly divided into two groups on single-blind study criteria. Group-I: Aripiprazole 15 mg once a day, morning dose for 6 weeks. Group-II: Aripiprazole 30 mg once a day, morning dose for 6 weeks. The ESRS includes 12 questionnaire items; each item is rated on a 7-point scale. Efficacy assessment included at baseline and at 6 weeks end study scoring on PANSS, EPRS, and CGI.
Results: The total number of patients showed the ESRS (total symptoms) in group-I was 09 patients (35%) out of 26 and in group II, 13 patients (59%) out of total 22 showed the ESRS (total symptoms). In both the groups aripiprazole showed the comparable efficacy by improving overall symptoms in the number of patients. In group I, 20 patients have shown the improvement in overall scores of all scales. In group II, 16 patients have shown the improvement in overall scores in different scales.
Conclusions: Aripiprazole is effective in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders, doses of 15 mg are equally effective as doses of 30 mg, side effects like EPS are more with higher doses of Aripiprazole.