bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gait speed and individual characteristics are related to specific gait metrics in neurotypical adults
Authors: Bonilla Yanez Maryana , Kettlety Sarah A. , Finley James M. , Schweighofer Nicolas , Leech Kristan A.
Published: May 2023

Gait biofeedback is a well-studied strategy to reduce gait impairments such as propulsion deficits or asymmetric step lengths. With biofeedback, participants alter their walking to reach the desired magnitude of a specific parameter (the biofeedback target) with each step. Biofeedback of anterior ground reaction force and step length is commonly used in post-stroke gait training as these variables are associated with self-selected gait speed, fall risk, and the energy cost of walking. However, biofeedback targets are often set as a function of an individual’s baseline walking pattern, which may not reflect the ideal magnitude of that gait parameter. Here we developed prediction models based on speed, leg length, mass, sex, and age to predict anterior ground reaction force and step length of neurotypical adults as a possible method for personalized biofeedback. Prediction of these values on an independent dataset demonstrated strong agreement with actual values, indicating that neurotypical anterior ground reaction forces can be estimated from an individual’s leg length, mass, and gait speed, and step lengths can be estimated from individual’s leg length, mass, age, sex, and gait speed. Unlike approaches that rely on an individual’s baseline gait, this approach provides a standardized method to personalize gait biofeedback targets based on the walking patterns exhibited by neurotypical individuals with similar characteristics walking at similar speeds without the risk of over- or underestimating the ideal values that could limit feedback-mediated reductions in gait impairments.
Fluorescence intensity coded DNA frameworks based on the FRET effect enable multiplexed miRNA imaging in living cells
Authors: Zhao Xiaoshuang , Xu Yi , Mi Xianqiang
Published: May 2023

In this study, a novel fluorescence intensity encoding strategy based a tetrahedron DNA framework carrier was established via the FRET effect for multiplexed miRNAs imaging in MCF-7 cells.
Lanthanide-based logic: a venture for the future of molecular computing
Authors: Zanella Sofia , Hernández-Rodríguez Miguel A. , Ferreira Rute A. S. , Brites Carlos D. S.
Published: May 2023

This review critically examines the use of Ln3+-based molecular logic systems and discusses their potential integration into future molecular photonic-electronic hybrid systems.
Slice imaging study of NO2 photodissociation via the 12B2 and 22B2 states: the NO(X2Π) + O(3PJ) product channel
Authors: Zhang Zhaoxue , Yang Shuaikang , Li Zhenxing , Chang Yao , Luo Zijie , Zhao Yarui , Yu Shengrui , Yuan Kaijun , Yang Xueming
Published: May 2023

A wavelength-dependent non-adiabatic dynamical picture of NO2 dissociation via the 12B2 and 22B2 states, which is beneficial to the further understanding of the non-adiabatic interactions in the dissociation dynamics of polyatomic molecules.
Tunable, reversible resistive switching behavior of PVA-zirconia nanocomposite films and validation of the trap-assisted switching mechanism by the selective application of external bias voltages
Authors: Karmakar Riju , Das Amit Kumar , Dutta Bilwadal , Sinha Subhojyoti , Santra Saikat , Pramanik Subhamay , Kuiri Probodh Kumar , Meikap Ajit Kumar
Published: May 2023

Experimental confirmation of optical bandgap reduction (at RESET point) with voltage-dependent UV-vis absorption spectra. I–V curves show switching effect from HRS to LRS and vice versa due to the trap-assisted switching mechanism, confirmed by ex situ impedance spectra.
From fossil to green chemicals: sustainable pathways and new carbon feedstocks for the global chemical industry
Authors: Lopez Gabriel , Keiner Dominik , Fasihi Mahdi , Koiranen Tuomas , Breyer Christian
Published: May 2023

Green methanol and green ammonia produced by renewable electricity and electricity-based hydrogen become the backbone for a defossilised global chemical industry.
Aging-related gastrointestinal conditions decrease the bioaccessibility of plant sterols in enriched wholemeal rye bread: in vitro static digestion
Authors: Miedes Diego , Makran Mussa , Cilla Antonio , Barberá Reyes , Garcia-Llatas Guadalupe , Alegría Amparo
Published: May 2023

The prevention of cardiovascular disease using foods fortified with plant sterols (PS), with a hypocholesterolemic effect, is important for the elderly population.
Ginsenoside Rd, a natural production for attenuating fibrogenesis and inflammation in hepatic fibrosis by regulating the ERRα-mediated P2X7r pathway
Authors: Cui Long , Tan Yu-Jing , Xu Shi-Qi , Qin Bo-Feng , Xiu Meng-Xue , Zhang Xue , Shi Li-Qiang , Sun Hai-Ming , Song Jian
Published: May 2023

Rd regulates fibrogenesis and inflammatory responses in hepatic fibrosis by mediating the ERRα-P2X7r signaling pathway.
Polysaccharide-based supramolecular bicomponent eutectogels as sustainable antioxidant materials
Authors: Marullo Salvatore , Petta Floriana , Infurna Giulia , Dintcheva Nadka T. , D'Anna Francesca
Published: May 2023

We prepared and characterized bicomponent supramolecular eutectogels and relevant films from chitosan and chitosan : cellulose mixtures, which showed high antioxidant ability, with good stability to UV-radiation and contact with water.
A multicomponent reaction of isocyanides, selenium powder and 3-aminooxetanes in pure water: green and efficient synthesis of 1,3-selenazolines
Authors: Liu Huan , Ye Zi-Lin , Cai Zhong-Jian , Ji Shun-Jun
Published: May 2023

A novel and green multicomponent reaction in aqueous media is developed for the efficient synthesis of 1,3-selenazolines.
Sustainable production of a polysaccharide-based glycoprotein by simultaneous conversion of glucose and glycerol in engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Wang Yuhui , Wang Xiaohan , Ma Guozhen , Xie Lijie , Liu Dan , Wang Yanling , Zhao Xinyu , Su Yingying , Perepelov Andrei V. , Ding Peng , Zhang Xiao , Xu Bo , Liu Bin , Huang Di
Published: May 2023

An O-glycosylation-competent chassis was tailored for sustainable biosynthesis of a polysaccharide-based glycoprotein by simultaneous conversion of glucose and glycerol.
Structural transitions during Ni nanoparticle formation by decomposition of a Ni-containing metal–organic framework using in situ total scattering
Authors: Prinz Nils , Strübbe Sven , Bauer Matthias , Zobel Mirijam
Published: May 2023

Formation of a Ni-methanation catalyst by thermal treatment of a Ni-containing metal–organic framework is thoroughly studied using PDF, TGA-MS and XAS.
Highly active bimetallic phosphide electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Men Linglan , Zhang Yu , Li Xiao , Pan Qingqing , Li Jiao , Su Zhongmin
Published: May 2023

MoP/MoNiP@NC as electrocatalyst was synthesized through a one-step high-temperature calcination and phosphating method. MoP/MoNiP@NC displays superior HER performance in both 0.5 M H2SO4 and 1.0 M KOH.
Zwitterionic doxorubicin loaded micelles based on polyethyleneimine for enhanced antitumor therapy in vivo
Authors: Guo Xiaolei , Xue Yuzhen , Zheng Ruixue , Chen Shengfu , Xue Weili , Lan Xifa , Wang Longgang , Xiao Haiyan
Published: May 2023

Zwitterionic groups of doxorubicin loaded micelles enhanced their antitumor performance in vivo.
Synthesis of phase-separated super-H-shaped triblock architectures: poly(l-lactide) grafted from telechelic polyisoprene
Authors: Meier-Merziger Moritz , Fickenscher Marcel , Hartmann Frank , Kuttich Björn , Kraus Tobias , Gallei Markus , Frey Holger
Published: May 2023

A general approach for super-H-shaped block copolymers based on bifunctional carbanionic polymerization, epoxide termination and lactone ROP is introduced. TEM and SAXS confirmed microphase separation of (PLLA)3-b-PI-b-(PLLA)3 triblock structures.
Diruthenium complexes as pH-responsive delivery systems: a quantitative assessment
Authors: Coloma Isabel , Cortijo Miguel , Mancheño María José , León-González María Eugenia , Gutierrez Crisanto , Desvoyes Bénédicte , Herrero Santiago
Published: May 2023

The study of the release of carboxylate ligands from diruthenium compounds is crucial for designing drug delivery systems based on such complexes. The influence of different key parameters on the release process was evaluated throughin vivoassays.
Ultralight elastic Al2O3nanorod-graphene aerogel for pressure sensing and thermal superinsulation
Authors: Liu Fengqi , Jiang Yonggang , Feng Junzong , Li Liangjun , Feng Jian
Published: May 2023

Thanks to the advantageous complementary effects of Al2O3nanorods and graphene, aerogels exhibit excellent pressure sensing and thermal superinsulation properties.
Tracking C–H bond activation for propane dehydrogenation over transition metal catalysts: work function shines
Authors: Chang Xin , Lu Zhenpu , Wang Xianhui , Zhao Zhi-Jian , Gong Jinlong
Published: May 2023

This paper described a descriptor e−W to quantify the ability of C–H bond activation over transition metal catalysts theoretically and experimentally. The descriptor provides a starting point to quickly determine whether a new material of interest can activate C–H bonds.
Selective multifunctionalization ofN-heterocyclic carbene boranesviathe intermediacy of boron-centered radicals
Authors: Li Feng-Xing , Wang Xinmou , Lin Jiaxin , Lou Xiangyu , Ouyang Jing , Hu Guanwen , Quan Yangjian
Published: May 2023

A versatile methodology enabling mono-, di-, and tri-functionalization of NHC-boranes has been developedviathe decatungstate and thiol synergistic catalysis.
First principles study of layered transition metal dichalcogenides for use as electrodes in Li-ion and Mg-ion batteries
Authors: Price Conor Jason , Baker Edward Allery David , Hepplestone Steven Paul
Published: May 2023

We present a first principles investigation of lithium- and magnesium-intercalation into each of the layered transition metal dichalcogenides with a focus on battery applications.
The structure-dependent mechanism of single-atom cobalt on macroporous carbon nitride in (photo-)Fenton-like reactions
Authors: Lin Jingkai , Jiang Lin , Tian Wenjie , Yang Yangyang , Duan Xiaoguang , Jiao Yan , Zhang Huayang , Wang Shaobin
Published: May 2023

Ordered macroporous carbon nitride supported single-atom Co catalysts with Co–N1+3/Co–N2+2geometric structures are developed using a spatial confinement strategy for (photo-)Fenton-like catalytic reactions.
Regulating Ru active sites by Pd alloying to significantly enhance hydrazine oxidation for energy-saving hydrogen production
Authors: Zhao Simeng , Zhang Yankai , Li Haibo , Zeng Suyuan , Li Rui , Yao Qingxia , Chen Hongyan , Zheng Yao , Qu Konggang
Published: May 2023

Ultrafine RuPd nanoalloy on carbon was facilely prepared with outstanding activity for the HER and HzOR, benefitting from bifunctional Ru active sites tailored by Pd alloying.
Correction: Ultrahigh thermal conductive polymer composites by the 3D printing induced vertical alignment of carbon fiber
Authors: Zhang Zhenbang , Li Maohua , Wang Yandong , Dai Wen , Li Linhong , Chen Yapeng , Kong Xiangdong , Xu Kang , Yang Rongjie , Gong Ping , Zhang Jianxiang , Cai Tao , Lin Cheng-Te , Nishimura Kazuhito , Li Hao Nan , Jiang Nan , Yu Jinhong
Published: May 2023

Correction for ‘Ultrahigh thermal conductive polymer composites by the 3D printing induced vertical alignment of carbon fiber’ by Zhenbang Zhang et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TA01676E.
Early diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis with a Au@PDA-WL NP nano-probe by photoacoustic imaging
Authors: Shen Jingjing , Shi Wenwen , Liu Guan , Zhuang Wei , Wang Kang , Wang Yi , Shou Kangquan , Wu Weibing , Liu Xiaowen , Fan Quli , Zhang Lei
Published: May 2023

A PAI probe (Au@PDA-WL NPs) was successfully prepared for targeting and monitoring the early degeneration of articular cartilage. And the catechol structure in the PDA shell could eliminate ROS to effectively delay the development of osteoarthrosis.
Mission immiscible: overcoming the miscibility limit of semiconducting:ferroelectric polymer blendsviavitrification
Authors: Khirbat Aditi , Nahor Oded , Kantrow Henry , Bakare Oladipo , Levitsky Artem , Frey Gitti L. , Stingelin Natalie
Published: May 2023

Morphological diversity, phase separated to highly intermixed, is induced in low miscibility blendsviasolution vitrification through control of liquid state chain entanglements, enabling establishment of relevant structure/property relations and a diverse property set.
Background of Western Modern Art in the 20thCentury
Authors: Liao Lei
Published: May 2023

In the 20thcentury, many major events were represented by the two world wars. They not only changed people’s living environment, but also affected people’s mental state. In the field of arts, modern industrial science and technology have opened up the expressive techniques of arts. War trauma has affected the creative mood of artists, and the inheritance of art value from the previous generation have also profoundly affected the inner spirit of arts. From the perspective of social and cultural contexts, the analysis of the time motivation of the development of western modern art in the 20th century can further understand its influence on art expression techniques, and also assist people better understand the connotation of art works, and better appreciate art works.
A preliminary exploration of the cross-cultural production, performance and dissemination models of contemporary Chinese adaptations of Shakespeare’s plays (1990-2020)
Authors: Shanghua Huangfu
Published: May 2023

The cross-cultural performance of Chinese adaptations of Shakespeare’s plays abroad has gone through two stages: the ‘introduction’ of Shakespeare’s plays and the ‘going out’ of Chinese adaptations of Shakespeare’s plays. The paper aims to analyse the correlation between the two stages. By analysing the process of initiation, dissemination and reception of Chinese adaptations of Shakespeare’s plays [see Table 1], which have been invited to perform abroad for many times and have attracted a certain level of response from Western society, the paper attempts to build a network model for the performance and dissemination of Chinese cross-cultural theatre works carrying traditional Chinese culture in the West.
Leaving and death: The awakening of individual modernity in ethnic minority films——Based on the reading of “A Mongolian Tale” and “Jinpa”
Authors: Cui Kaixiang
Published: May 2023

The relationship between national tradition and modern ethics has become an important proposition of ethnic minority films in the new century. With the development of society, the minority areas are more closely connected with the outside world, and some individuals of the minorities can be exposed to modern ethics and realize their superiority over the traditional national ethics. Due to the connection with the traditional national society, the awakening individual often bears strong tearing and pain in the conscious transformation from tradition to modern. This irreversible transformation process accompanied by strong pain has been condensed into two symbols of “leaving” and “death” in the film text.
Retro Futurism: The Resurgence of Y2K Style in the Fashion Field
Authors: Yang Xiaochun
Published: May 2023

Y2K style was born in the late 1990s at the end of the 20th century. This period was at the turn of the new and old centuries. At that time, people were full of yearning and longing for the future world. Therefore, this aesthetic style with both the sense of future technology and a little retro flavor was integrated into the design field. Y2K style has been popular for a period of time, and began to decline since 2003. Later, new popular style gradually took her place. In recent years, with some design fashion brands integrating the Y2K aesthetic style into clothing design again, fashion icon and celebrities have spread and promoted the Y2K style, and young people in the era of Z have their own unique aesthetic pursuit, which has made the resurgence of Y2K with retro futuristic style from the minority to the public, and gradually formed a new atmosphere in the fashion circle. This article uses qualitative research methods to study the development and evolution of Y2K style as well as its current impact on the fashion field and the reasons for its popularity again.
An Analysis of the Protection and Inheritance of Intangible Cultural Heritage from the Perspective of Cultural and Creative Industries: A Case Study on the “Huojing” in Bashu
Authors: Gan Xili
Published: May 2023

Taking the Intangible Cultural Heritage of the “Huojing” in Bashu as an example, this article discusses the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage under the perspective of cultural and creative industries. Intangible cultural heritage is a product of the agricultural civilization era, which is currently incompatible in the era of high-speed development of the Internet and digital economy, leading to difficulties in its protection and inheritance. Cultural and creative industries are emerging industries in modern times, which integrate with other industries through unique innovative forms and operational methods. It is particularly important to fully tap cultural resources and transform them into a source of creative industry to enhance competitiveness. Intangible cultural heritage provides cultural materials and creative sources for the cultural and creative industries. In turn, the cultural and creative industries bring unprecedented development opportunities to intangible cultural heritage, promoting economic benefits, providing innovative mechanisms, and a platform for integration into modern society.
The Impact of Online Education on Higher Education in the Context of Education Equity
Authors: Cai Yujie
Published: May 2023

With the large-scale application of information technology in higher education, online education becomes more important and provides possibility to promote the equity of higher education. This article focus on the impact of online education on higher education in the context of educational equity, analyzes the current situation of higher education equity and online education, the basis that online education can promote higher education and offer the path options to promote higher education.
Study on the Application of Task-Based Language Teaching in Middle School Oral English Teaching in China
Authors: Lu Yuting , Shi Hanyue , Mo Qier , Tang Wenwen , Weng Xinying
Published: May 2023

Speaking is an essential aspect of English learning. It reflects the student’s ability to express and comprehensively use the language. In the 21st century, international exchanges have become increasingly frequent. Therefore, English is more important as a tool of international communication. Despite this, under the long-term pressure of examinations, English teaching in our country only focuses on reading, writing, and other content closely related to testing scores, while oral English teaching is easily neglected. Even in the classrooms where oral English teaching is implemented, the teaching activities and methods are relatively monotonous and out of touch with the actual situation, resulting in students’ low enthusiasm for oral English and unwillingness to speak English.

In order to solve this problem, this paper studies an effective oral English teaching method --- Task-Based Language Learning (TBLT). This teaching method abandons the disadvantages of the traditional oral English teaching method and better improves students’ oral English ability. TBLT is a teaching method that gradually emerged and developed in the 1980s. In language teaching, TBLT requires language teaching based on tasks, and students should learn the language while completing the tasks. TBLT allows students to use English to complete various actual tasks related to life, study, and work, making classroom teaching real and task-oriented and cultivating students’ ability to use English in practice.
On culture teaching practice in senior high school English Class from the perspective of intercultural Third Space
Authors: Wang Yueli , Zhang Hui
Published: May 2023

While recent research on the cultivation of EFL learners’ cultural awareness in senior high school has highlighted the pedagogical coping strategies based on culture teaching phenomena, theory-driven culture teaching practice has been under-explored. Informed by the theory of intercultural Third Space, this paper reports how to guide senior high school students to construct intercultural Third Space, so as to enhance their cultural awareness and intercultural critical thinking competence from the three-dimensional perspective of attitude, cognition, and behaviour, through a teaching case in the four stages of attitude cultivation, knowledge construction, simulated communication, and critical reflection. The study indicates that the concept of intercultural Third Space can theoretically make up for the deficiency of culture teaching in Chinese senior high school English class and practically provide teaching design support for classroom instruction.
The Analysis of Influence and Cause of British English on American English and New Zealand English
Authors: Liao Lei
Published: May 2023

English originated in Britain. Since the 17th century, with the colonial expansion of Britain, English has been brought to all parts of the world, forming many varieties of English such as British English, American English, Australian English and New Zealand English. As the population of the United States and its political and economic strength continue to increase, American English has greatly influenced other variants of English. This paper analyzes the influence of British English on various English variants in the fields of vocabulary pronunciations spellings and grammar, and at the same time explores British English influence on American English, New Zealand English, other regional variants and its effects on our learning of English.
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Long-Term Maternal Cardiovascular and Metabolic Biomarkers
Authors: Battarbee Ashley N. , Mele Lisa , Landon Mark B. , Varner Michael W. , Casey Brian M. , Reddy Uma M. , Wapner Ronald J. , Rouse Dwight J. , Thorp John M. , Chien Edward K. , Saade George , Peaceman Alan M. , Blackwell Sean C. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network
Published: May 2023

Objective This study aimed to measure the association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and long-term maternal metabolic and cardiovascular biomarkers.

Study Design Follow-up study of patients who completed glucose tolerance testing 5 to 10 years after enrollment in a mild gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) treatment trial or concurrent non-GDM cohort. Maternal serum insulin concentrations and cardiovascular markers VCAM-1, VEGF, CD40L, GDF-15, and ST-2 were measured, and insulinogenic index (IGI, pancreatic β-cell function) and 1/ homeostatic model assessment (insulin resistance) were calculated. Biomarkers were compared by presence of HDP (gestational hypertension or preeclampsia) during pregnancy. Multivariable linear regression estimated the association of HDP with biomarkers, adjusting for GDM, baseline body mass index (BMI), and years since pregnancy.

Results Of 642 patients, 66 (10%) had HDP: 42 with gestational hypertension and 24 with preeclampsia. Patients with HDP had higher baseline and follow-up BMI, higher baseline blood pressure, and more chronic hypertension at follow-up. HDP was not associated with metabolic or cardiovascular biomarkers at follow-up. However, when HDP type was evaluated, patients with preeclampsia had lower GDF-15 levels (oxidative stress/cardiac ischemia), compared with patients without HDP (adjusted mean difference: −0.24, 95% confidence interval: −0.44, −0.03). There were no differences between gestational hypertension and no HDP.

Conclusion In this cohort, metabolic and cardiovascular biomarkers 5 to 10 years after pregnancies did not differ by HDP. Patients with preeclampsia may have less oxidative stress/cardiac ischemia postpartum; however, this may have been observed due to chance alone given multiple comparisons. Longitudinal studies are needed to define the impact of HDP during pregnancy and interventions postpartum.

Key Points
Virtual Surgical Planning for Patients with Skeletal-Dental and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: Barrera Jose E.
Published: May 2023

The integration of virtual surgical planning (VSP) for the treatment of skeletal, dental, and facial abnormalities and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with maxillofacial surgery has catapulted surgical planning. Although reported for treating skeletal-dental abnormalities and dental implant surgery, a paucity of knowledge existed reporting the feasibility and resultant outcome measures when VSP was employed for planning maxillary and mandibular surgery for OSA patients. The surgery-first approach is at the forefront of advancing maxillofacial surgery. Case series reporting success with the surgery-first approach for patients with skeletal-dental and sleep apnea patients have been reported. In sleep apnea patients, clinically significant reductions in apnea-hypopnea index and improvement of low oxyhemoglobin saturation have been achieved. More so, significant improvement in the posterior airway space at the occlusal and mandibular planes were achieved, while preserving aesthetic norms as measured by tooth to lip measurements. VSP is a feasible tool used for predicting surgical outcome measures in maxillomandibular advancement surgery for patients with skeletal, dental, facial, and OSA derangements.
Hipoxia e hipersensibilidad de tipo IV: patogenia dual en reacciones a implantes de cadera
Authors: Quezada Mauricio , Eltit Felipe
Published: May 2023

Antecedentes Las reacciones tisulares adversas (RTAs) a implantes de cadera afectan a una alta proporción de pacientes. Si bien fueron inicialmente descritas en articulaciones de metal sobre metal, un creciente número de estudios señala su presencia en otros tipos de implante. El gran número de pacientes con prótesis de cadera en el mundo señala la urgencia de comprender cabalmente los mecanismos que dan origen a RTAs para el desarrollo de alternativas de monitoreo, diagnóstico y terapéuticas eficientes.

Ámbito de revisión y público objetivo En la siguiente revisión bibliográfica, abarcamos desde la corrosión y el desgaste de los materiales utilizados en implantes de cadera hasta los mecanismos celulares e inmunológicos involucrados, con el fin de ofrecer una visión actualizada de antecedentes clínicos y científicos a estudiantes, cirujanos ortopédicos e investigadores.
Mammals of the South-west Pacific
Authors: Lavery Tyrone , Flannery Tim
Published: May 2023

Islands are special because they promote unique forms of life, and large proportions of the species they hold are found nowhere else on Earth. The mammals of the South-west Pacific are no exception, with many distributed only across single islands or archipelagos.

Mammals of the South-west Pacific details the natural history for more than 180 species of marsupials, bats and rodents from 24 Pacific nations and territories. Species profiles are accompanied by distribution maps, illustrations and photographs – many being the first images ever captured for the species. By combining available knowledge with unpublished data collected over years of field work, Mammals of the South-west Pacific forms a definitive guide to the mammals from this region.
Alight
Authors: Lloyd Sam , Metcalfe Samantha
Published: May 2023

Fire is a natural part of the Australian bush. This is a story about that relationship – fire that breathes life back into nature.

Alight shares the story of Australian native plants and animals during a planned fire. Discover how the fire helps Christmas Bells grow new flowers and Wallum Banksia to open its woody seed capsules. Follow Antechinus and a tiny Wallum Sedge Frog as they face the danger of the fire – and the challenges that come after. See how the bush recovers and flourishes after the fire, all under the watch of Old Eucalypt.

With engaging text by Sam Lloyd, and stunning illustrations by Samantha Metcalfe, Alight is a gentle exploration of the importance and benefits of healthy fire in the bush.

Reading level varies from child to child, but we recommend this book for ages 6 to 9.
Diversity and dynamics of clinical biofilms in ventricular assist device driveline infections and in vitro modelling
Authors: Qu Yue , McGiffin David , Peleg Anton Y.
Published: May 2023

The important role of microbial biofilms in medical device-related infections is well established. Intervention strategies developed from in vitro biofilm studies often fail to prevent or cure device-related infections, possibly due to limited relevance of the simplified in vitro biofilm models to the much more complex clinical reality. It is important to use in vitro biofilm assays that closely mimic the dynamically changing clinical environment. This review uses ventricular assistant device driveline infections as a model of disease to demonstrate the morphological diversity and dynamics of clinical biofilms that are important for disease pathogenesis. We also provide insights into how to develop in vitro assays to address the complexity of device-related infections, focusing on pathogen-device interactions, infectious microenvironment, and selection of representative microorganisms and biomaterials.
Active metamaterials for realizing odd mass density
Authors: Wu Qian , Xu Xianchen , Qian Honghua , Wang Shaoyun , Zhu Rui , Yan Zheng , Ma Hongbin , Chen Yangyang , Huang Guoliang
Published: May 2023

Solids built out of active components have exhibited odd elastic stiffness tensors whose active moduli appear in the antisymmetric part and which give rise to non-Hermitian static and dynamic phenomena. Here, we present a class of active metamaterial featured with an odd mass density tensor whose asymmetric part arises from active and nonconservative forces. The odd mass density is realized using metamaterials with inner resonators connected by asymmetric and programmable feed-forward control on acceleration and active forces along the two perpendicular directions. The active forces produce unbalanced off-diagonal mass density coupling terms, leading to non-Hermiticity. The odd mass is then experimentally validated through a one-dimensional nonsymmetric wave coupling where propagating transverse waves are coupled with longitudinal ones whereas the reverse is forbidden. We reveal that the two-dimensional active metamaterials with the odd mass can perform in either energy-unbroken or energy-broken phases separated by exceptional points along principal directions of the mass density. The odd mass density contributes to the wave anisotropy in the energy-unbroken phase and directional wave energy gain in the energy-broken phase. We also numerically illustrate and experimentally demonstrate the two-dimensional wave propagation phenomena that arise from the odd mass in active solids. Finally, the existence of non-Hermitian skin effect is discussed in which boundaries host an extensive number of localized modes. It is our hope that the emergent concept of the odd mass can open up a new research platform for mechanical non-Hermitian system and pave the ways for developing next-generation wave steering devices.
Sex differences in the intensity–duration relationships of the severe‐ and extreme‐intensity exercise domains
Authors: Alexander Andrew M. , Hurla Logan M. , Didier Kaylin D. , Hammer Shane M. , Rollins Korynne S. , Barstow Thomas J.
Published: May 2023

Extreme‐intensity exercise is described by W′ext (analogous to J′ for isometric exercise) that is smaller than W′ of severe‐intensity exercise (W′sev) in males. Sex differences in exercise tolerance appear to diminish at near‐maximal exercise, however, there is evidence of greater contributions of peripheral fatigue (i.e. potentiated twitch force; Qpot) in males during extreme‐intensity exercise. Therefore, the current study tested the hypotheses that J′ext would not be different between males and females, however, males would exhibit a greater reduction in neuromuscular function (i.e. maximal voluntary contraction, MVC; Qpot) following extreme‐intensity exercise. Seven males and 7 females completed three severe‐ (Tlim: 2–4 min, S3; 5–8 min, S2; 9–15 min, S1) and three extreme‐intensity (70, 80, 90%MVC) knee‐extension bouts. MVC and Qpot relative to baseline were compared at task failure and at 150 s of recovery. J′ext was significantly less than J′sev in males (2.4 ± 1.2kJ vs 3.9 ± 1.3kJ; p = 0.03) and females (1.6 ± 0.8kJ vs 2.9 ± 1.7kJ; p = 0.05); however, there were no sex differences in J′ext or J′sev. MVC (%Baseline) was greater at task failure following extreme‐intensity exercise (76.5 ± 20.0% vs 51.5 ± 11.5% in males, 75.7 ± 19.4% vs 66.7 ± 17.4% in females), but was not different at 150 s of recovery (95.7 ± 11.8% in males, 91.1 ± 14.2% in females). Reduction in Qpot, however, was greater in males (51.9 ± 16.3% vs 60.6 ± 15.5%) and was significantly correlated with J′ext (r2 = 0.90, p < 0.001). Although there were no differences in the magnitude of J′ext, differences in MVC and Qpot are evidence of sex‐specific responses and highlight the importance of appropriately characterizing exercise intensity regarding exercise domains when comparing physiological responses in males and females.

Highlights

We have previously shown evidence that extreme‐intensity dynamic exercise is described by W′ext in males and smaller than W′sev. We currently tested for potential sex differences in J′ext (isometric analogue to W′) and neuromuscular responses (i.e. maximal voluntary contraction, MVC; potentiated twitch force, Qpot) during extreme‐intensity exercise.

J′ext and extreme‐intensity exercise tolerance was not different between males and females. The reduction in MVC was not different across extreme‐intensity exercise across males and females, whereas the reduction in Qpot was greater in males following all extreme‐intensity exercises, although not after exercise at 90%MVC.

Together, although extreme‐intensity exercise tolerance is not different, these data highlight differences in the contributing mechanisms of fatigue during severe‐ and extreme‐intensity exercise between males and females.
Extracellular histone proteins activate P2XR7 channel current
Authors: Al-Aqtash Rua’a , Ross Maxwell S. , Collier Daniel M.
Published: May 2023

Extracellular histone proteins are elevated in circulation after injury or activation of the innate immune response. In resistance-size arteries, extracellular histone proteins increased endothelial cell (EC) Ca2+ influx and propidium iodide (PI) labeling, but paradoxically decreased vasodilation. These observations could be explained by the activation of an EC resident non-selective cation channel. We tested the hypothesis that the ionotropic purinergic receptor 7 (P2XR7), a non-selective cation channel associated with cationic dye uptake, is activated by histone proteins. We expressed mouse P2XR7 (C57BL/6J variant 451L) in heterologous cells and measured inward cation current using two-electrode voltage clamp (TEVC). Cells expressing mouse P2XR7 had robust ATP- and histone-evoked inward cation currents. ATP- and histone-evoked currents reversed approximately at the same potential. Current decay with agonist removal was slower for histone-evoked than ATP- or BzATP-evoked currents. As with ATP-evoked P2XR7 currents, histone-evoked currents were inhibited by non-selective P2XR7 antagonists (Suramin, PPADS, and TNP-ATP). Selective P2XR7 antagonists, AZ10606120, A438079, GW791343, and AZ11645373, inhibited ATP-evoked P2XR7 currents but did not inhibit histone-evoked P2XR7 currents. As previously reported with ATP-evoked currents, histone-evoked P2XR7 currents were also increased in conditions of low extracellular Ca2+. These data demonstrate that P2XR7 is necessary and sufficient for histone-evoked inward cation currents in a heterologous expression system. These results provide insight into a new allosteric mechanism of P2XR7 activation by histone proteins.
Design and generation of structured array beams with shape-invariant properties
Authors: Zhang Yuqiu , Chang Hongxiang , Chen Xiao , An Yi , Hou Tianyue , Ma Pengfei , Su Rongtao , Zhou Pu
Published: May 2023

We theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a flexible approach to generate an arbitrary shape-invariant structured array beam during propagation with the prescribed intensity distribution. An algorithm for generating flexible desired phase is presented according the reverse engineering and Huygens–Fresnel theory. In this paper, we outline the theory for creating the shape-invariant array beams. The numerical simulation results show that the shape of generated array beams is invariant and its size increases gradually from the near field to the far field. The generation of shape-invariant structured array beams can be realized by the phase-only and amplitude-only elements encoded on the spatial light modulators. The generated arbitrary shape-invariant structured array beams are verified and are in excellent agreement with the theory.
Numerical simulation of linewidth compression dynamics of external-cavity semiconductor laser
Authors: Qiu Feng , Bai Yongzhong , Qu Dingrong , Han Lei , Zhang Yanling , Shan Guangbin , Chen Mindong
Published: May 2023

We theoretically simulate the linewidth compression dynamics of the semiconductor laser with a single external-cavity feedback. The evolution time from the periodic oscillation state to the equilibrium state is calculated by tracking the change of the intrinsic linewidth. The influences of the external-cavity length and feedback level are also explored. The linewidth evolution time of the external-cavity semiconductor laser can be extended with longer external cavity length and higher feedback level. Simultaneously, the intrinsic linewidth can be compressed while the side mode suppression ratio will be decreased. The simulation work show that the dynamic linewidth compression can be obtained by single external-cavity feedback, and nevertheless it is difficult to achieve the single-frequency output, which can instruct the design of the dynamical parameter tuning of the external-cavity semiconductor laser.
Ponderomotive effects in spin—polarized quantum plasma
Authors: Singh Shiv , Kumar Punit
Published: May 2023

Analysis of ponderomotive effects exciting from propagation of an intense laser pulse through high density quantum plasma under the influence of an axial magnetic field taking into consideration the spin–spin (up and down) exchange interaction. The effects of electron Fermi pressure, quantum Bohm potential, and electron spin have been included in the analysis. Spin polarization is a result of the concentration difference of opposite spin electrons which is produced under the influence of the applied magnetic field. Axial gradient of the ponderomotive potential of laser has been applied for the electron acceleration. An analytic solution of the electron energy gain is obtained and the influence of spin polarization is analyzed both numerically and analytically. It is observed that spin polarization, density perturbation and the magnetic field effect electron acceleration dramatically. Further, the effect of nonlinearity on the refractive index of plasma has been studied.
Percolation transitions in edge-coupled interdependent networks with directed dependency links
Authors: Gao Yan-Li , Yu Hai-Bo , Zhou Jie , Zhou Yin-Zuo , Chen Shi-Ming
Published: May 2023

We propose a model of edge-coupled interdependent networks with directed dependency links (EINDDLs) and develop the theoretical analysis framework of this model based on the self-consistent probabilities method. The phase transition behaviors and parameter thresholds of this model under random attacks are analyzed theoretically on both random regular (RR) networks and Erdös–Rényi (ER) networks, and computer simulations are performed to verify the results. In this EINDDL model, a fraction β of connectivity links within network B depends on network A and a fraction (1 − β) of connectivity links within network A depends on network B. It is found that randomly removing a fraction (1 − p) of connectivity links in network A at the initial state, network A exhibits different types of phase transitions (first order, second order and hybrid). Network B is rarely affected by cascading failure when β is small, and network B will gradually converge from the first-order to the second-order phase transition as β increases. We present the critical values of β for the phase change process of networks A and B, and give the critical values of p and β for network B at the critical point of collapse. Furthermore, a cascading prevention strategy is proposed. The findings are of great significance for understanding the robustness of EINDDLs.
Adiabatic evolution of optical beams of arbitrary shapes in nonlocal nonlinear media
Authors: Che 车 Jiarui 佳瑞 , Zheng 郑 Yuxin 喻心 , Liang 梁 Guo 果 , Guo 郭 Qi 旗
Published: May 2023

We discuss evolution of Hermite–Gaussian beams of different orders in nonlocal nonlinear media whose characteristic length is set as different functions of propagation distance, using the variational approach. It is proved that as long as the characteristic length varies slowly enough, all the Hermite–Gaussian beams can propagate adiabatically. When the characteristic length gradually comes back to its initial value after changes, all the Hermite–Gaussian beams can adiabatically restore to their own original states. The variational results agree well with the numerical simulations. Arbitrary shaped beams synthesized by Hermite–Gaussian modes can realize adiabatic evolution in nonlocal nonlinear media with gradual characteristic length.
Magneto-optical Kerr and Faraday effects in bilayer antiferromagnetic insulators
Authors: Zhu Wan-Qing , Shan Wen-Yu
Published: May 2023

Control and detection of antiferromagnetic topological materials are challenging since the total magnetization vanishes. Here we investigate the magneto-optical Kerr and Faraday effects in bilayer antiferromagnetic insulator MnBi2Te4. We find that by breaking the combined mirror symmetries with either perpendicular electric field or external magnetic moment, Kerr and Faraday effects occur. Under perpendicular electric field, antiferromagnetic topological insulators (AFMTI) show sharp peaks at the interband transition threshold, whereas trivial insulators show small adjacent positive and negative peaks. Gate voltage and Fermi energy can be tuned to reveal the differences between AFMTI and trivial insulators. We find that AFMTI with large antiferromagnetic order can be proposed as a pure magneto-optical rotator due to sizable Kerr (Faraday) angles and vanishing ellipticity. Under external magnetic moment, AFMTI and trivial insulators are significantly different in the magnitude of Kerr and Faraday angles and ellipticity. For the qualitative behaviors, AFMTI shows distinct features of Kerr and Faraday angles when the spin configurations of the system change. These phenomena provide new possibilities to optically detect and manipulate the layered topological antiferromagnets.
Dynamical analysis, geometric control and digital hardware implementation of a complex-valued laser system with a locally active memristor
Authors: Li Yi-Qun , Liu Jian , Li Chun-Biao , Hao Zhi-Feng , Zhang Xiao-Tong
Published: May 2023

In order to make the peak and offset of the signal meet the requirements of artificial equipment, dynamical analysis and geometric control of the laser system have become indispensable. In this paper, a locally active memristor with non-volatile memory is introduced into a complex-valued Lorenz laser system. By using numerical measures, complex dynamical behaviors of the memristive laser system are uncovered. It appears the alternating appearance of quasi-periodic and chaotic oscillations. The mechanism of transformation from a quasi-periodic pattern to a chaotic one is revealed from the perspective of Hamilton energy. Interestingly, initial-values-oriented extreme multi-stability patterns are found, where the coexisting attractors have the same Lyapunov exponents. In addition, the introduction of a memristor greatly improves the complexity of the laser system. Moreover, to control the amplitude and offset of the chaotic signal, two kinds of geometric control methods including amplitude control and rotation control are designed. The results show that these two geometric control methods have revised the size and position of the chaotic signal without changing the chaotic dynamics. Finally, a digital hardware device is developed and the experiment outputs agree fairly well with those of the numerical simulations.
Roles of tensor force and pairing correlation in two-proton radioactivity of halo nuclei*
Authors: Wang Yan-Zhao , Xing Feng-Zhu , Cui Jian-Po , Gao Yong-Hao , Gu Jian-Zhong
Published: May 2023

The tensor force and pairing correlation effects on the two-proton radioactivity of

Mg and

Si with a pronounced two-proton halo are explored in the framework of spherical Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory. It is shown that the halo sizes are enhanced with the increase in the strength of the tensor force and pairing correlation. Furthermore, the increasing halo sizes lead to the enhancement of diproton emission. Then, the tensor force is found to have a small influence on the two-proton decay energies, and the two-proton decay energies calculated with strong surface pairing are smaller than those with weak mixed pairing. Because the two-proton decay energies are relatively large, the predicted order of magnitude of half-lives within the effective liquid drop model is not sensitive to the decay energy variation caused by the tensor force and pairing correlation, which has a value of approximately 10

s.
Experimental nuclear charge density and theoretical description of the above-barrier light heavy-ion fusion process*
Authors: Gontchar I. I. , Chushnyakova M. V.
Published: May 2023

Theoretical modeling of nucleus-nucleus collisions is often based on the nucleus-nucleus potential. One of the advanced methods for constructing this potential is the semi-microscopical double-folding model with M3Y-Paris NN-forces. Proton and neutron densities are significant components of this model. The correct nucleon density (ND) must reproduce the experimental nuclear charge density (NCD). However, those who deal with modeling the fusion process typically disregard this circumstance. We aim to achieve a good description of both the nuclear charge density and above-barrier fusion cross sections of even-even light nuclei with

. We consider several versions of NDs available in literature and construct our own approximation for the ND of the even-even spherical nuclei 12C, 16O, and 40Ca, abbreviated as FE-density (Fermi+exponential). We carefully compare the NCDs resulting from different versions of NDs with the experimental NCDs. After finding the nucleus-nucleus potential using the double-folding model with the density dependent M3Y-Paris NN-forces and FE densities, we evaluate the above-barrier fusion cross sections for five reactions, 12C+12C, 12C+16O, 16O+16O, 16O+40Ca, and 40Ca+40Ca, for which experimental data are available. The cross sections are calculated using two approaches: a) the barrier penetration model and b) the trajectory model with surface friction (TM). To find the transmission coefficients for the TM, the Langevin equations are employed. For all considered reactions, our TM typically reproduces the above-barrier experimental cross sections within 10−15%. The only adjustable parameter of the model, the optimal friction strength

, is found to be approximately 90

for the light reactions 12C+12C, 12C+16O, and 16O+16O and approximately 15

for the heavy reactions 16O+40Ca and 40Ca+40Ca. The latter findings are in reasonable agreement with the systematics found previously. Thus, the FE-recipe allows highly accurate and simultaneous reproduction of both the nuclear charge density and above-barrier fusion cross sections of five reactions involving 12C, 16O, and 40Ca nuclei.