bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19: Global Preparedness, Challenges and Impact
Authors: Macharia L. , Macharia M. N.
Published: July 2020

Corona virus COVID-19 is a pandemic whose devastating effects were felt in all corners of the world and by all humanity of whatever age, gender, economic and social status from the beginning of January 2020 and the intensity increasing day-by-day. The patients that had symptoms were isolated while waiting for results. In some countries, self-isolation was encouraged while in others, people had to be put in quarantine facilities to cut down the spread chain immediately. Different countries identified quarantine centers where individuals were quarantined for 14 days upon which they would be tested. A philanthropist Bill gates, the Microsoft billionaire, committed himself to donating resources for developing a vaccine. Research centers directed their focus to establishing a cure or a vaccine for the killer virus.  After four months of trials and tests, there was no sign of a cure. Many governments in the world applied a partial or full lockdown guided by the rate of infection and death. China was the first to call for a complete lockdown as it struggled with the new pandemic. The CoVID 19 pandemic has affected every facet of life; social, economic and mental. This has placed a lot of strain on governments and individuals. The economic status of many countries and individuals has been adversely affected and may take a long time before recovery.
Comparative Efficacy of Coagulation-Flocculation and Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP: Fenton) for Textile Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Tasneem Atkeeya , Sarker Protima , Uddin Md. Khabir
Published: July 2020

Textile effluent contains dye and harmful chemicals which are difficult to remove. This study was conducted to find out the cost effective and efficient textile effluent treatment process. In this regard, coagulation-flocculation and Fenton treatment process were applied in which pH, Dissolve Oxygen, TOC (Total Organic Carbon), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), TDS (Total Dissolve Solid) and EC (Electro-conductivity) were analyzed before and after the treatment. Conventional Jar test was used for coagulation and flocculation process where chemical coagulants (FeSO4 and Ca(OH)2) were added to different doses. On the other hand, Hydroxyl (OH.) radical, a byproduct of reaction between hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) was used in Fenton treatment processas a strong oxidant capable of oxidizing various organic compounds. In coagulation-flocculation process the maximum reduction of pH (6.3-6.8), TDS (400 mg/l), EC (1110 µs/cm), COD (86.56%) and TOC (97.81%) was found after using dose 1 (1 g of FeSO4 and 1 g of Ca(OH)2) which was within Bangladesh standard value. And DO (Dissolves Oxygen) was increased maximum 4.4 mg/L than the untreated (1.2 mg/L) effluent. In Fenton treatment process, maximum TOC removal efficiency was found at pH-1 as 89.45%. The COD content was also remarkably reduced as 63.98% at pH-2. It was observed that in comparison of removal efficiency coagulation-flocculation process was more efficient than Fenton treatment process. Concurrently both processes were proved very cost effective, time saving and easily operative for industrial use.
Impact of Foliar Fertilization on Leaf Nutrient Status of Kinnow Mandarin
Authors: Reetika . , Rana G. S. , Kumar Rakesh , Kumar Ravi
Published: July 2020

Aims: To study the impact of Urea, K2SO4, ZnSO4, FeSO4 and boric acid on leaf nutrient status of Kinnow mandarin.

Study Design: The experiment was performed in randomized block design with three replications per treatment on Kinnow mandarin.

Place and Duration of Study: The current study was carried out on seven years’ old earmarked plants at the Horticultural Orchard and in Soil Testing Laboratory of College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the year 2016-17. 

Methodology: The eleven fertilizer treatments in different combinations of Urea, K2SO4, ZnSO4, FeSO4 and boric acid were arranged in randomized block design with three replications on seven years old uniformly grown Kinnow mandarin trees. All the chemicals were sprayed twice, i.e., first in last week of April and second in the last week of July. Leaf samples were taken in the month of October for analysis of leaf N, P, K, Zn and Fe content.

Results: The results of the experiment indicate that the foliar application of Urea, K2SO4, ZnSO4, FeSO4 and boric acid had a significantly positive influence on the recorded parameters. The content of nitrogen, zinc and iron in Kinnow mandarin leaves was recorded maximum when the plants were sprayed with Urea 1.5%  + K2SO4 1.5% + ZnSO4 0.75%, Urea  1.5%  + K2SO4  1.5%  + ZnSO4  0.75%  + FeSO4  1.0%  + Boric Acid  0.4% and Urea  1.5%  + K2SO4  1.5%  + ZnSO4  0.75%  + FeSO4  1.0%, respectively, while phosphorous and potassium content in leaves of Kinnow mandarin remained unaffected by the foliar application of Urea, K2SO4, ZnSO4, FeSO4 and boric acid.

Conclusion: Based on this study, it is concluded that the foliar application of Urea, K2SO4, ZnSO4, FeSO4 and boric acid had a significantly positive influence on leaf mineral nutrient status of Kinnow mandarin plants.
The Microbial Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility in Burn Wound Infection: A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Akaa P. Denen , Ahachi C. N. , Ojo E. , Jombo G. T. , Osuji S. , Gajir T. H.
Published: July 2020

Aim: To determine spectrum of bacteria infecting burn wound and its antibiotic susceptibility at Benue State University Teaching Hospital (BSUTH).

Study Design: A one year prospective study of the microbial profile in burn wound infection at BSUTH, Makurdi.

Methodology: All patients admitted from August 2018 to July 2019 with burn wound who had wound swab microscopy culture and sensitivity (MCS) after thorough cleaning of the wound were included in the study. Data collected included the Age, Sex, Occupation, Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) of burn, injuring agent, type of burn, bacteria cultured from the wound, antibiotic susceptibility, number of days of admission and outcome of treatment.

Results: Out of the 63 patients admitted, flame was the predominant injuring agent seen in 54 (85.7%) patients. The age group 21 – 30 years was the most affected, 27 constituting 42.9%. Burn wound infection occurred in 25(39.7%) patients from whom 33 bacterial isolates were recovered. Gram negative organisms Pseudomonas species and Proteus species were the commonest bacteria isolated constituting 21.21% each. Other isolates were Staphylococcus aurous 36.36%, Escherichia coli 15.15%, Klebsiella species and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (each 3.03%,). There was multiple bacteria colonization of wounds and antibiotics resistance. There was no gender difference in the burn wound infection, P =0.7819.

Conclusion: The sensitivity pattern showed many of the bacteria to be resistant to commonly administered antibiotics but sensitivity patterns got are important for empirical antibiotics prescription when patients come with glaring sepsis and are waiting for wound swab microscopy culture and sensitivity. Studying the microbial profile with antibiotic resistance pattern in burn’s wound infection should be a continuous process in all burn units/departments. This will help to formulate and modify at regular intervals, a hospital/departmental antibiotic policy according to the present microbial pattern in the respective burns unit.
Value Addition on Trend of Pneumonia Disease in India- The Current Update
Authors: Gupta Praveen Kumar , Mishra Shyam Shankar , Nawaz Mohammed Haseeb , Choudhary Shreya , Saxena Apoorva , Roy Roshmee , Keshamma E.
Published: July 2020

Pneumonia continues to be the leading infectious cause of death among children under the age of five worldwide. Diagnosis of this disease is primarily dependent on physical examination, clinical history, and radiographic studies. Microbiological studies of the lower respiratory tract secretions have proven to be futile, however, sputum gram staining and culturing methods often aid in the diagnosis and management of these infections. Aspiration pneumonia often occurs in a community setting and primarily involves anaerobes like Staphylococcus aureus or gram-negative rods such as Klebsiella pneumonia, and other Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas species. The total number of cases taken in the study of acute pneumonia was 22 (15 male subjects and 7 female subjects). Biochemical tests were conducted for identifying different organisms present in the samples collected from patients suffering from acute pneumonia. Distribution of bacteria in the case of acute pneumonia was as follows: Staphylococcus aureus was recorded to be the highest (36.36%) followed by Streptococcus pneumonia (18.18%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (18.18%), Pseudomonas pneumonia (13.63%), Haemophilus influenza (9.09%) and lastly Chlamydia pneumonia (4.45%). A maximum number of laboratories proven acute pneumonia cases (36.36%) belonged to 61-70 years. The distribution of cases was marginally more in urban areas (63.63%). By occupation largest group (36.36%) was of others in case of acute pneumonia were as farmers, housewives and others were the largest groups (22.73%) each. The microbial etiology derived from the present study found that Klebsiella pneumonia was an independent risk factor for mortality in severe community-acquired pneumonia. Moreover, two important findings were drawn from this study. K. pneumonia was identified as the causative pathogen in 22% of cases, second to S. pneumonia.
Perceived Morbidity Patterns among Workers in the Oil Industry of Nigeria
Authors: Osakwe Kennedy A.
Published: July 2020

Background: Globally, the oil industry is replete with several high-risk activities as seen in seismic exploration, construction, drilling, production, and maintenance. Generated hazards could impact exposed workers. Exposure to associated hazards and rigour of activities usually puts workers in oil and gas installations at risk of developing several occupational illnesses. Environmental problems have also been reportedly associated with these activities as well. This study was thus aimed at determining the perceived environmental effects and morbidity patterns among staff of an oil and gas installation in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria.

Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used in conducting this study in an onshore oil and gas hub in Nigeria. Study group comprised engineers and technicians of various oil and gas specialties. A random sampling method was used to select 256 personnel from the study population. A self-administered questionnaire was administered to the personnel of the facility. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Scientific Solutions (SPSS) version 17.0 (statistical software package) for analyses. Ethical considerations were adhered to during this study.

Results: Common complaints include transient tinnitus (97.3%), joint pain of varying degrees (83.6%), occasional prickling sensation in the skin (78.1%) and the lowest frequency of health effects was claims of stressful feeling (56.6%). Environmental problems including the destruction of aquatic biodiversity as well as water contamination were reported in this study.

Conclusion: This study found experience of several morbidities by the respondents. They also reported observation of certain environmental problems related with oil exploratory activities at the oil and gas installation.  It is recommended that a regular review of measures be put in place to prevent these health and environmental problems from occurring in or around oil and gas installation located in Nigeria.
On a Possible Logarithmic Connection between Einstein’s Constant and the Fine-Structure Constant, in Relation to a Zero-energy Hypothesis
Authors: Drăgoi Andrei-Lucian
Published: July 2020

This paper brings into attention a possible logarithmic connection between Einstein’s constant and the fine-structure constant, based on a hypothetical electro-gravitational resistivity of vacuum: we also propose a zero-energy hypothesis (ZEH) which is essentially a conservation principle applied on zero-energy that mainly states a general quadratic equation having a pair of conjugate mass solutions for each set of coefficients, thus predicting a new type of mass “symmetry” called here “mass conjugation” between elementary particles (EPs) which predicts the zero/non-zero rest masses of all known/unknown EPs to be conjugated in boson-fermion pairs; ZEH proposes a general formula for all the rest masses of all EPs from Standard model, also indicating a possible bijective connection between the three types of neutrinos and the massless bosons (photon, gluon and the hypothetical graviton), between the electron/positron and the W boson and predicting two distinct types of neutral massless fermions (modelled as conjugates of the Higgs boson and Z boson respectively) which are plausible candidates for dark energy and dark matter. ZEH also offers a new interpretation of Planck length as the approximate length threshold above which the rest masses of all known elementary particles have real number values (with mass units) instead of complex/imaginary number values (as predicted by the unique quadratic equation proposed by ZEH).
Mechanical Properties of FeCr‐Based Composite Materials Elaborated by Liquid Metal Dealloying towards Bioapplication
Authors: Mokhtari Morgane , Le Bourlot Christophe , Duchet-Rumeau Jannick , Godet Eugénie , Geslin Pierre-Antoine , Dancette Sylvain , Wada Takeshi , Kato Hidemi , Maire Eric
Published: July 2020

Liquid metal dealloying (LMD) is a new technology to create porous materials. From a (FeCr)x‐Ni1–x precursor, it is possible to get a bicontinuous structure of FeCr and Mg: a metal–metal composite. An etching step removes the Mg solid‐state solution phase to give a metal–air composite. The last step, polymer infiltration, gives metal–polymer composites. Herein, metal–metal, metal–air, and metal–polymer (rubbery or glassy polymers) with three different phase ratios are elaborated by LMD from Ni‐based precursors and their mechanical properties are analyzed. A full polymer infiltration into the pores is obtained and the epoxy polymer properties are not affected by the metallic foam presence. Concerning control of the mechanical properties, the material's second‐phase selection is a key factor. Herein, it is shown that the mechanical properties are easily designed by optimizing phase ratio, ligament size, and second‐phase type and that these materials are promising materials for biomedical applications.
Fully Transparent Friction‐Modulation Haptic Device Based on Piezoelectric Thin Film
Authors: Glinsek Sebastjan , Mahjoub Mohamed Aymen , Rupin Matthieu , Schenk Tony , Godard Nicolas , Girod Stéphanie , Chemin Jean‐Baptiste , Leturcq Renaud , Valle Nathalie , Klein Sébastien , Chappaz Cédrick , Defay Emmanuel
Published: July 2020

Standing Lamb waves in vibrating plates enable haptic interfaces. If the out‐of‐plane displacement of these waves exceeds 1 µm at frequencies above 25 kHz, a silent friction modulation can be created between a human finger and a vibrating plate. A fully transparent friction‐modulation haptic device based on a piezoelectric thin film is demonstrated. The antisymmetric Lamb mode induced at 73 kHz allows for a functional performance that fulfills all conditions for practical use. Out‐of‐plane displacement reaches 2.9 µm when 150 V unipolar voltage is applied. The average transmittance of the whole transducer reaches 75%. The key points of this technology are: 1) a thin HfO2 layer between lead zirconate titanate film and substrate that prevents chemical reaction between them; 2) the efficient integration of transparent indium tin oxide electrodes and solution‐derived piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate thin film onto optical‐grade fused silica; and 3) the use of a transparent insulating layer made of SU‐8 photoresist.
An Ultraviolet Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence OLED with Total External Quantum Efficiency over 9%
Authors: Luo Yanju , Li Shuaibing , Zhao Yihuan , Li Chuan , Pang Zhenguo , Huang Yan , Yang Minghui , Zhou Liang , Zheng Xujun , Pu Xuemei , Lu Zhiyun
Published: July 2020

Owing to the difficulty in acquiring compounds with combined high energy bandgaps and lower‐lying intramolecular charge‐transfer excited states, the development of ultraviolet (UV) thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials is quite challenging. Herein, through interlocking of the diphenylsulfone (PS) acceptor unit of a reported deep‐blue TADF emitter (CZ‐PS) by a dimethylmethylene bridge, CZ‐MPS, a UV‐emissive TADF compound bearing a shallower LUMO energy level and a more rigid structure than those of CZ‐PS is achieved. This represents the first example of a UV‐emissive TADF compound. Organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) using CZ‐MPS as the guest material can emit efficient UV light with emission maximum of 389 nm and maximum total external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 9.3%. Note that this EQEmax value is twice as high as the current record EQEmax (4.6%) for UV‐OLEDs. This finding may shed light on the molecular design strategy for high‐performance UV‐OLED materials.
Transparent and Stretchable Strain Sensors with Improved Sensitivity and Reliability Based on Ag NWs and PEDOT:PSS Patterned Microstructures
Authors: Shen Gengzhe , Chen Bohua , Liang Tianlong , Liu Zhihao , Zhao Sirou , Liu Junyan , Zhang Chi , Yang Weijia , Wang Yiliang , He Xin
Published: July 2020

A transparent and stretchable strain sensor based on Ag nanowires (NWs) and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene‐sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) patterned microstructure is presented. The regular patterns are achieved by a facile replication and transfer process from near‐field electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) grids on the surfaces of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates. Owing to the combined advantages for the unique microstructure of sensor, strong adhesion of polymer PEDOT:PSS to underlying layer, and outstanding conductivity of long Ag NWs, the transparent strain sensor possesses the excellent aspects of high sensitivity (gauge factor = 10.2), wide sensing range (0–100%), long‐term reliability for at least 2000 cycles, and distinct temperature responses. Moreover, the patterned strain sensor can be mounted on different body parts to detect a wide range of human movements and temperature responses in real time, providing multifunctional applications in human/machine interaction, electronic skins, and wearable devices.
Haploidentical transplants for patients with relapse after the first allograft
Authors: Srour Samer A. , Kongtim Piyanuch , Rondon Gabriela , Chen Julianne , Petropoulos Demetrios , Ramdial Jeremy , Popat Uday , Kebriaei Partow , Qazilbash Muzaffar , Shpall Elizabeth J. , Champlin Richard E. , Ciurea Stefan O.
Published: July 2020

Relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation (AHSCT) is associated with very poor outcomes. A second transplant offers the possibility of long‐term disease control. We analyzed outcomes with haploidentical donors for second allograft at our institution. All consecutive patients with hematological malignancies (N = 29) who relapsed after AHSCT and underwent a haploidentical transplant (haploSCT) as second transplant between February 2009 and October 2018 were included. Median age was 36 years (interquartile range (IQR) 24‐60); 83% of patients had high/very high disease risk index; 61% of AML/MDS patients had high‐risk cytogenetics; and only 24% were in complete remission at transplant. With a median follow‐up of 46.9 months, the 3‐year relapse, non‐relapse mortality (NRM), progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 30%, 39%, 31% and 40%, respectively. In multivariable analysis (MVA), comorbidity index (HCT‐CI) and detectable donor‐specific anti‐HLA antibodies (DSA) prior to second transplant were significantly associated with worse outcomes. Patients with HCT‐CI <3 and without DSA had 3‐year PFS and OS of 53% and 60.3%, respectively. Our findings suggest that haploSCT as second AHSCT is feasible and potentially curative. Lower HCT‐CI and no DSA were associated with lower NRM and improved survival. Haploidentical grafts might be a preferred donor source for second AHSCT as these are high‐risk patients who frequently need to proceed urgently to transplant.
The role of novelty and fat and sugar concentration in food selection by captive tufted capuchins (Sapajus apella)
Authors: Heuberger Benjamin , Paukner Annika , Wooddell Lauren J. , Kasman Matt , Hammond Ross A.
Published: July 2020

Capuchins, like other primates, use feedback from sensory cues and digestion to make decisions about which foods to consume and which to avoid. However, little is known about how capuchins make consumption decisions when simultaneously presented with novel and familiar foods, or how food familiarity and macronutrient concentration together influence food choice, topics with potential implications for developmental and health research. In this study, we evaluated the role of familiarity, as well as fat and sugar concentration, in the food selections of captive tufted capuchins (Sapajus apella). In the first experiment, over 10 sessions, subjects were assigned to either a group that chose between one familiar and one novel food item both high in fat or sugar (high condition), or to a group that chose between one familiar and one novel food item both low in fat or sugar (low condition). In the second experiment, subjects were divided into three groups, familiarized with food over five feeding sessions, and then offered the familiarized food and a novel food that varied in fat or sugar for 10 sessions. When offered foods high in fat, capuchins showed no clear signs of neophobia, forming an initial preference for the novel food, rejecting foods less frequently, and selecting foods faster than when offered foods low in fat. These trends were generally not observed in response to foods with sugar. When presented with options that varied in macronutrient concentration, subjects showed an initial interest in the novel food irrespective of whether it was high in fat or sugar, yet formed a final preference for the higher‐concentration item. Findings suggest that the concentration of fat or sugar in novel foods may be an important mediator of exploratory behavior and that capuchins rely on immediate feedback from taste and other sensory cues to make consumption decisions.
Copper‐Catalyzed ortho‐Functionalization of Quinoline N‐Oxides with Vinyl Arenes
Authors: Hu Hui , Hu Xiaoping , Liu Yuanhong
Published: July 2020

An efficient copper‐catalyzed regioselective C−H alkenylation and borylative alkylation of quinoline N‐oxides with vinyl arenes in the presence of pinacol diborane has been developed. The reaction proceeds through the borylcupration of the vinyl arenes followed by nucleophilic attack of the resulting alkyl copper species to the quinoline N‐oxides. Benzoquinone and KOtBu were identified as the necessary additives at the second step of the reaction that are crucial for the success of the reaction. A wide range of C2‐functionalizaed quinolines were obtained with good functional group tolerance, which may find utilities in pharmaceuticals and synthetic chemistry.
A Modular Approach to Dibenzo‐fused ϵ‐Lactams: Palladium‐Catalyzed Bridging‐C−H Activation
Authors: Yu Yinghua , Ma Liyao , Xia Jiajin , Xin Luoting , Zhu Lei , Huang Xueliang
Published: July 2020

Tricyclic ring systems possessing a dibenzo structure joined to a seven‐membered heterocyclic ring frequently show important biological activities. However, a modular approach to these molecules based on efficient intermolecular reaction of readily available chemicals is lacking. Herein, an unprecedented palladium‐catalyzed formal [4+3] annulation for modular construction of these tricyclic systems is described. This reaction features easily accessible reactants (o‐haloarylaldehydes and N‐tosylhydrazones), broad substrate scope, and excellent functional group compatibility. The synthetic potential is demonstrated by the easy scale‐up reactions, late‐stage modification of complex molecules, and collective synthesis of bioactive molecules and approved drugs.
NiMn‐Based Bimetal–Organic Framework Nanosheets Supported on Multi‐Channel Carbon Fibers for Efficient Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Cheng Weiren , Lu Xue Feng , Luan Deyan , Lou Xiong Wen (David)
Published: July 2020

Developing noble‐metal‐free bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts is of great significance for energy conversion and storage systems. Herein, we have developed a transformation method for growing NiMn‐based bimetal–organic framework (NiMn‐MOF) nanosheets on multi‐channel carbon fibers (MCCF) as a bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst. Owing to the desired components and architecture, the MCCF/NiMn‐MOFs manifest comparable electrocatalytic performance towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with the commercial Pt/C electrocatalyst and superior performance towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER) to the benchmark RuO2 electrocatalyst. X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the strong synergetic effect of adjacent Ni and Mn nodes within MCCF/NiMn‐MOFs effectively promotes the thermodynamic formation of key *O and *OOH intermediates over active NiO6 centers towards fast ORR and OER kinetics.
Outer‐Membrane Protease (OmpT) Based E. coli Sensing with Anionic Polythiophene and Unlabeled Peptide Substrate
Authors: Sinsinbar Gaurav , Gudlur Sushanth , Wood Sarah E. , Ammanath Gopal , Yildiz Hakan U. , Alagappan Palaniappan , Mrksich Milan , Liedberg Bo
Published: July 2020

E. coli and Salmonella are two of the most common bacterial pathogens involved in foodborne and waterborne related deaths. Hence, it is critical to develop rapid and sensitive detection strategies for near‐outbreak applications. Reported is a simple and specific assay to detect as low as 1 CFU mL−1 of E. coli in water within 6 hours by targeting the bacteria's surface protease activity. The assay relies on polythiophene acetic acid (PTAA) as an optical reporter and a short unlabeled peptide (LL37FRRV) previously optimized as a substrate for OmpT, an outer‐membrane protease on E. coli. LL37FRRV interacts with PTAA to enhance its fluorescence while also inducing the formation of a helical PTAA‐LL37FRRV construct, as confirmed by circular dichroism. However, in the presence of E. coli LL37FRRV is cleaved and can no longer affect the conformations and optical properties of PTAA. This ability to distinguish between an intact and cleaved peptide was investigated in detail using LL37FRRV sequence variants.
Rational Control of Charge Transfer Excitons Toward High‐Contrast Reversible Mechanoresponsive Luminescent Switching
Authors: Wang Zongrui , Yu Fei , Chen Wangqiao , Wang Jianfeng , Liu Jinyu , Yao Changjiang , Zhao Jianfeng , Dong Huanli , Hu Wenping , Zhang Qichun
Published: July 2020

A practicable strategy to rationally obtain the reversible mechanochromic luminescent (MCL) material with high‐contrast ratio (green versus red) has been established. By introducing a volatile third party (small‐sized solvent molecules) into the lattice of charge transfer (CT) cocrystal of mixed‐stacking 1:1 coronene (Cor.) and napthalenetetracarboxylic diimide (NDI), a noteworthy reconfigurable molecular assembly is ingeniously achieved owing to the loosely packing arrangement as well as weakened intermolecular interactions. Accordingly, the CT excited state, strongly corresponding to the molecular stacking modes, can be intentionally tailored through external stimulus (heating, grinding, or solvent), accompanying distinct changes in photophysical properties. Subsequently, a high‐contrast reversible MCL with highly sensitive and good reproducibility is realized and the underlying mechanism is thoroughly revealed.
A Dipeptide‐Based Hierarchical Nanoarchitecture with Enhanced Catalytic Activity
Authors: Wang Chenlei , Fei Jinbo , Wang Keqing , Li Junbai
Published: July 2020

Achieving synthetic architectures with simple structures and robust biomimetic catalytic activities remains a great challenge. Herein, we explore a facile supramolecular assembly approach to construct a dipeptide‐based hierarchical nanoarchitecture with enhanced enzyme‐like catalytic activity. In this nanoarchitecture, nanospheres are put in a chain‐like arrangement through coordination‐driven directional self‐assembly. The reversible transformation of anisotropic nanochains to isotropic nanospheres switches biomimetic activity. Notably, the assembled nanoarchitecture exhibits a high enzyme‐like activity and remarkable long‐term stability to promote hydroquinone oxidation, superior to the natural counterpart. This work will pave the way to develop reversible and reusable supramolecular biocatalysts with ordered hierarchical structures for accelerating chemical transformations.
Ligand‐Regulated Regiodivergent Hydrosilylation of Isoprene under Iron Catalysis
Authors: Kuai Chang‐Sheng , Ji Ding‐Wei , Zhao Chao‐Yang , Liu Heng , Hu Yan‐Cheng , Chen Qing‐An
Published: July 2020

A method for the regiodivergent and stereoselective hydrosilylation of the basic industrial feedstock isoprene with unactivated silanes has been developed using earth‐abundant iron catalysts. The manipulation of regioselectivity relies on fine modification of the coordination geometry of the iron center. While a bidentate pyridine imine ligand promoted the formation of allylic silanes through 4,1‐addition, selectivity for the 3,4‐adduct homoallylic silanes was observed with a tridentate nitrogen ligand. Experimental studies and analysis were carried out to elucidate the reaction mechanism and the factors enabling manipulation of the regioselectivity. This study contributes to the art of regioselectivity control in alkene hydrofunctionalization.
Natural Soft/Rigid Superlattices as Anodes for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Bai Wei , Gao Jingyu , Li Kun , Wang Gongrui , Zhou Tengfei , Li Pengju , Qin Shengyong , Zhang Genqiang , Guo Zaiping , Xiao Chong , Xie Yi
Published: July 2020

Volume expansion and poor conductivity are two major obstacles that hinder the pursuit of the lithium‐ion batteries with long cycling life and high power density. Herein, we highlight a misfit compound PbNbS3 with a soft/rigid superlattice structure, confirmed by scanning tunneling microscopy and electrochemical characterization, as a promising anode material for high performance lithium‐ion batteries with optimized capacity, stability, and conductivity. The soft PbS sublayers primarily react with lithium, endowing capacity and preventing decomposition of the superlattice structure, while the rigid NbS2 sublayers support the skeleton and enhance the migration of electrons and lithium ions, as a result leading to a specific capacity of 710 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, which is 1.6 times of NbS2 and 3.9 times of PbS. Our finding reveals the competitive strategy of soft/rigid structure in lithium‐ion batteries and broadens the horizons of single‐phase anode material design.
Species‐specific distribution model may be not enough: The case study of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) habitat distribution in Pelagos Sanctuary
Authors: Vassallo Paolo , Marini Chiara , Paoli Chiara , Bellingeri Michela , Dhermain Frank , Nuti Silvio , Airoldi Sabina , Bonelli Patrizia , laran Sophie , Santoni Marie C. , Gnone Guido
Published: July 2020

Geospatial models are used to predict the distribution of terrestrial and marine species, according to their ecological and ethological habits. The bottlenose dolphin is a cosmopolitan marine top predator, inhabiting most of the ocean, with the exception of polar and subpolar waters. This wide distribution is associated with a remarkable plasticity in ecological and behavioural habits, which makes it difficult to model and predict its distribution.

This study proposes a ‘multi‐type approach’ to predict the presence and distribution of the bottlenose dolphin in the Pelagos Sanctuary, a Specially Protected Area of Mediterranean Importance located in the north‐west Mediterranean Sea. A multi‐type model based on random forest regression was developed, analysing the distribution habits of two geographical units living in the Pelagos area.

When compared with a classical single‐type model, the multi‐type model performed much better in a prediction test (true skill statistics, TSS = 85% vs. 52%), confirming the value of this experimental approach. This work suggests that wild species should not be considered as one single‐type entity, as local specialization may change and shape their distribution habits.
Adipose stem cell‐derived extracellular matrix represents a promising biomaterial by inducing spontaneous formation of prevascular‐like structures by mvECs
Authors: Nellinger Svenja , Schmidt Isabelle , Heine Simon , Volz Ann‐Cathrin , Kluger Petra J.
Published: July 2020

Tissue constructs of physiologically relevant scale require a vascular system to maintain cell viability. However, in vitro vascularization of engineered tissues is still a major challenge. Successful approaches are based on a feeder layer (FL) to support vascularization. Here, we investigated whether the supporting effect on the self‐assembled formation of prevascular‐like structures by microvascular endothelial cells (mvECs) originates from the FL itself or from its extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, we compared the influence of ECM, either derived from adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) or adipogenically differentiated ASCs, with the classical cell‐based FL. All cell‐derived ECM (cdECM) substrates enabled mvEC growth with high viability. Prevascular‐like structures were visualized by immunofluorescence staining of endothelial surface protein CD31 and could be observed on all cdECM and FL substrates but not on control substrate collagen I. On adipogenically differentiated ECM, longer and higher branched structures could be found compared with stem cell cdECM. An increased concentration of proangiogenic factors was found in cdECM substrates and FL approaches compared with controls. Finally, the expression of proteins associated with tube formation (E‐selectin and thrombomodulin) was confirmed. These results highlight cdECM as promising biomaterial for adipose tissue engineering by inducing the spontaneous formation of prevascular‐like structures by mvECs.
Turning motivation into action: A strategic orientation model for green supply chain management
Authors: Liu Shumin , Eweje Gabriel , He Qile , Lin Zhibin
Published: July 2020

This study examines the key motivations for a firm to adopt a green supply chain management (GSCM) strategic orientation and the mechanisms that subsequently influence GSCM practices. Three components of GSCM orientation were examined, that is, strategic emphasis, management support and resource commitment. Data were collected from a sample of 296 manufacturing firms in China. The results indicate that the most important motivation is environmental concern, followed by customer requirements, cost saving, and competitive pressure, whereas legal requirements were not a significant factor. The results confirm that strategic orientation plays a mediating role between motivations and the actual practices. Within the three components of strategic orientation, resource commitment and strategic emphasis have a stronger direct impact on practices, whereas the effect of management support on GSCM practices is indirect through resource commitment. This study contributes to the literature by clarifying the key role of strategic orientation in turning GSCM motivations into actions.
Exosome‐mediated delivery of miR‐204‐5p inhibits tumor growth and chemoresistance
Authors: Yao Surui , Yin Yuan , Jin Guoying , Li Dan , Li Min , Hu Yaling , Feng Yuyang , Liu Yuhang , Bian Zehua , Wang Xue , Mao Yong , Zhang Jia , Wu Zhimeng , Huang Zhaohui
Published: July 2020

Background

Nano‐sized extracellular vesicles secreted by cells play key roles in intercellular crosstalk, and appear to be an excellent biocompatible material as therapeutic cargoes in vivo. Previously, we have demonstrated that miR‐204‐5p is a key tumor suppressor that could inhibit tumor growth, metastasis and chemoresistance.

Methods

A HEK293T cell line stably expressing miR‐204‐5p (293T‐miR‐204) was constructed by lentivirus transduction. Fluorescence real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was applied to measure the expression of miR‐204‐5p. CCK‐8 and colony formation assays were used to evaluate the in vitro anticancer effects, and the flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis. The in vivo therapeutic effects of exosomal miR‐204‐5p were evaluated using a xenograft mouse model. Western blots were used to detect the protein levels of CD63, Flotillin‐2, RAB22A and Bcl2. The protein levels of RAB22A and Bcl2 in tumor tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry staining.

Results

MiR‐204‐5p was clearly upregulated in CRC cells after coculturing with 293T‐miR‐204 cell‐derived conditioned medium (CM) or exosomes. CCK‐8 and colony formation assays showed that the cell proliferation ability of CRC cells was clearly inhibited by 293T‐miR‐204 cell‐derived CM or exosomes. The inhibitory effects of exosomal miR‐204‐5p on cell proliferation were further confirmed in other types of cancers. Exosomal miR‐204‐5p could induce apoptosis and increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic drug—5‐fluorourcil. In addition, exosomal miR‐204‐5p inhibited the tumor growth in mice. Western blot assay and IHC staining showed that the protein levels of miR‐204‐5p targets were clearly decreased in cancer cells or xenograft tissues treated with exosomal miR‐204‐5p.

Conclusions

In this study, we confirmed that exosomal miR‐204‐5p could efficiently inhibit cancer cell proliferation, induce apoptosis and increase chemosensitivity by specifically suppressing the target genes of miR‐204‐5p in human cancer cells.
The construction of emotional experience: State‐related emotional awareness and its application to psychotherapy research and practice
Authors: Lane Richard D.
Published: July 2020

The cognitive–developmental theory of ‘levels of emotional awareness’ (LEA) addresses an individual's capacity to experience and express emotion, a capacity highly relevant to psychotherapy. Previous papers on LEA and psychotherapy addressed the aspect of LEA theory pertaining to the ‘trait’ (i.e. enduring) aspects of an individual's emotional functioning over time. LEA theory also applies to the construction of emotional experience at any given moment, in which levels emerge or disappear in a process of microgenetic construction as a function of arousal and other variables. This state‐related perspective is supported by recent research showing that people vary in their LEA from moment to moment. Momentary changes in LEA correspond to the variations in lived experience that occur in relationships, including the therapy relationship, and provide the context for corrective emotional experiences that promote change. In this paper, the construction of emotional experience at different levels of organisation is discussed separately in relation to clients and therapists. Key phenomena relevant to psychotherapy include the transition from bodily sensations to specific differentiated emotional feelings, the ability to be aware of multiple feelings that may be contradictory or counter‐intuitive, and the appreciation of how complex combinations of feelings may differ in self and other. This perspective adds to the literature on how the integration of emotion and cognition contributes to change in psychotherapy. The clinical and research implications of this perspective are discussed.
A Six‐Coordinate Silicon Dihydride Embedded in a Porphyrin: Enhanced Hydride‐Donor Properties and the Catalyst‐Free Hydrosilylation of CO2
Authors: Ishida Shintaro , Hatakeyama Takuroh , Nomura Takuya , Matsumoto Maiko , Yoshimura Kimio , Kyushin Soichiro , Iwamoto Takeaki
Published: July 2020

The catalyst‐free hydrosilylation of CO2 under mild conditions remains limited. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of 5,10,15,20‐tetraphenylporphyrinato(dihydrido)silicon(IV) (1) as a six‐coordinate silicon dihydride. The Si‐H moiety of 1 reacts with polar double bonds and CO2 in the absence of a catalyst to afford hydrosilylated products. Combining the hydrosilylation with subsequent transformation furnishes formic acid from CO2. Computational studies indicate that the hydride‐donor properties of 1 are exceptionally high for a neutral silicon hydride, and that the direct hydride transfer from silicon to carbon is a pivotal step in the hydrosilylation of CO2 with 1.
Exceptionally Plastic/Elastic Organic Crystals of a Naphthalidenimine‐Boron Complex Show Flexible Optical Waveguide Properties
Authors: Naim Khalid , Singh Manjeet , Sharma Sachin , Nair Rajesh V. , Venugopalan Paloth , Chandra Sahoo Subash , Neelakandan Prakash P.
Published: July 2020

The design of molecular compounds that exhibit flexibility is an emerging area of research. Although a fair amount of success has been achieved in the design of plastic or elastic crystals, realizing multidimensional plastic and elastic bending remains challenging. We report herein a naphthalidenimine–boron complex that showed size‐dependent dual mechanical bending behavior whereas its parent Schiff base was brittle. Detailed crystallographic and spectroscopic analysis revealed the importance of boron in imparting the interesting mechanical properties. Furthermore, the luminescence of the molecule was turned‐on subsequent to boron complexation, thereby allowing it to be explored for multimode optical waveguide applications. Our in‐depth study of the size‐dependent plastic and elastic bending of the crystals thus provides important insights in molecular engineering and could act as a platform for the development of future smart flexible materials for optoelectronic applications.
Propyne Gas Adsorption in a Cyclic Hexapeptoid: A Combined In Situ XRPD and DFTB Study**
Authors: Pierri Giovanni , Landi Alessandro , Macedi Eleonora , Izzo Irene , De Riccardis Francesco , Dinnebier Robert E. , Tedesco Consiglia
Published: July 2020

Cyclic peptoids are macrocyclic N‐substituted oligoglycines, with remarkable structural, chemical and physical properties. The gas adsorption properties of a permanently porous hexameric cyclopeptoid decorated with four propargyl and two methoxyethyl side chains were monitored by in situ X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD). High‐resolution XRPD data together with Rietveld and density functional based tight binding (DFTB) method allowed us to locate propyne guest molecules inside the host channels, even though the powder sample contains more than one phase. We were able to characterize the host‐guest interactions, providing useful information on the host recognition sites and discuss host adaptiveness and host–guest chemical affinity in comparison with analogous compounds.
ACC.20: Impact of social media at the virtual scientific sessions during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Mackenzie Graham , Gulati Martha
Published: July 2020

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic led to the American College of Cardiology (ACC) Annual Scientific Session 2020 (ACC.20) being held as a virtual event.

Hypothesis

Social media activity around a virtual event might be quite different to that of a physical meeting. The goal of this study was to assess impact of ACC.20 through Twitter and compare it to ACC.19.

Methods

Data were extracted using NodeXL, with analysis in Excel.

Results

ACC.20‐related tweeting was demonstrated globally. However tweeting and participants fell substantially for ACC.20. Tweeting, participation and tweet views were overestimated by the most widely used social media analysis tool used at medical conferences (Symplur).

Conclusion

Comparing the 2019 and 2020 Scientific Sessions, the global cardiology community continued to communicate despite COVID‐19, but with reduced social media activity potentially due to the briefer format, no physical interaction and private virtual chatroom during live sessions, reducing visibility of new cardiology research findings.
Long‐term antithrombotic management patterns in Asian patients with acute coronary syndrome: 2‐year observations from the EPICOR Asia study
Authors: Zheng Bo , Huo Yong , Lee Stephen W.‐L. , Sawhney Jitendra P. S. , Kim Hyo‐Soo , Krittayaphong Rungroj , Pocock Stuart J. , Nhan Vo T. , Alonso Garcia Angeles , Chin Chee Tang , Jiang Jie , Jan Stephen , Vega Ana Maria , Hayashi Nobuya , Ong Tiong K.
Published: July 2020

Background

Despite guideline recommendations, dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is frequently used for longer than 1 year after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) event. In Asia, information on antithrombotic management patterns (AMPs), including DAPT post discharge, is sparse. This analysis evaluated real‐world AMPs up to 2 years post discharge for ACS.

Hypothesis

There is wide variability in AMP use for ACS management in Asia.

Methods

EPICOR Asia (NCT01361386) is a prospective observational study of patients discharged after hospitalization for an ACS in eight countries/regions in Asia, followed up for 2 years. Here, we describe AMPs used and present an exploratory analysis of characteristics and outcomes in patients who received DAPT for ≤12 months post discharge compared with >12 months.

Results

Data were available for 12 922 patients; of 11 639 patients discharged on DAPT, 2364 (20.3%) received DAPT for ≤12 months and 9275 (79.7%) for >12 months, with approximately 60% still on DAPT at 2 years. Patients who received DAPT for >12 months were more likely to be younger, obese, lower Killip class, resident in India (vs China), and to have received invasive reperfusion. Clinical event rates during year 2 of follow‐up were lower in patients with DAPT >12 vs ≤12 months, but no causal association can be implied in this non‐randomized study.

Conclusions

Most ACS patients remained on DAPT up to 1 year, in accordance with current guidelines, and over half remained on DAPT at 2 years post discharge. Patients not on DAPT at 12 months are a higher risk group requiring careful monitoring.
Addition of Phosphorus and Nitrogen Support the Invasiveness of Alternanthera Philoxeroides Under Water Stress
Authors: Sun Jianfan , Javed Qaiser , Azeem Ahmad , Ullah Muhammad Saif , Rasool Ghulam , Du Daolin
Published: July 2020

Coordination of plant functional traits with changes in the environment is helpful to understand the mechanisms underlying both invasiveness and adaptation of plants. Thus, to investigate the performance and functional traits in invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.), an experiment of water stress is conducted with different nutrient concentrations. Alternanthera philoxeroides plants are grown under natural and nutrient soils and subjected to three levels of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) solution: ambient P and N concentration (P−N−), P addition with an ambient N concentration (P+N−), and P addition with high N concentration (P+N+) in combination with three different irrigation water levels as 1) 100% irrigation, 2) 50% irrigation, and 3) 25% deficit irrigation. Based on results, A. philoxeroides produces significantly higher biomass in both soils under 100% irrigation with P+N− treatment and exhibits higher values of leaf area and root length. However, 25% irrigation with P−N− treatment in both soils exerts a significant negative effect on relative growth rate and root/shoot ratio of A. philoxeroides plants. Under 50% irrigation in soils with both P+N− and P+N+ treatments, high values of leaf nitrogen are recorded. Moreover, nutrient soil is more supportive to A. philoxeroides than natural soil.