bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die idiopathische pulmonale Fibrose jenseits der Lunge: Krankheitsmechanismen verstehen, um Diagnose und Therapie zu verbessern
Authors: Luppi Fabrizio , Kalluri Meena , Faverio Paola , Kreuter Michael , Ferrara Giovanni
Published: July 2021

Die idiopathische Lungenfibrose (IPF) ist eine chronische progrediente Erkrankung mit einer geschätzten medianen Überlebensdauer von 3 bis 5 Jahren ab der Diagnose. Sie tritt vorwiegend bei Älteren auf, und epidemiologische Studien sprechen dafür, dass die Hauptrisikofaktoren, die Alterung und Exposition gegenüber Zigarettenrauch, sowohl mit pulmonalen als auch extrapulmonalen Komorbiditäten (definiert als Auftreten von zwei oder mehr Erkrankungen bei einer Person) assoziiert sind. Alterung und Seneszenz können durch Wechselwirkungen mit Umweltfaktoren über verschiedene Mechanismen an der Pathogenese der IPF beteiligt sein, da sie das Lungenepithels schädigen und die Apoptoseresistenz der Myofibroblasten erhöhen, wodurch es schließlich zu einer Akkumulation von extrazellulärer Matrix und zu einer Lungenfibrose kommt. Syndrome mit kurzen Telomeren, bei denen es sich um archetypische vorzeitige Alterungssyndrome handelt und die häufig mit Lungenfibrose einhergehen, sind dafür ein Paradigma. Die pathophysiologischen Charakteristika, die durch Alterung und Seneszenz bei Patienten mit IPF verursacht werden, können sich in Form pulmonaler und extrapulmonaler Merkmale äußern, darunter Emphysem, pulmonale Hypertonie, Lungenkrebs, koronare Herzkrankheit, gastroösophagealer Reflux, Diabetes mellitus und etliche andere chronische Erkrankungen, die mit erheblichen negativen Auswirkungen auf verschiedene Outcome-Parameter bei IPF verbunden sein können. Daher bietet die sorgfältige Diagnosestellung und Behandlung von Komorbiditäten eine ausgezeichnete Möglichkeit, Lebensqualität und Überlebensdauer zu verbessern, und alle in Frage kommenden Optionen für das IPF-Management, einschließlich Früherkennung und Behandlung von Komorbiditäten, sind in Betracht zu ziehen.
Monte Carlo analysis for solar PV impact assessment in MV distribution networks
Authors: Almeida Dilini , Pasupuleti Jagadeesh , Raveendran Shangari K. , Basir Khan M. Reyasudin
Published: July 2021

The rapid penetration of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in distribution networks has imposed various implications on network operations. Therefore, it is imperative to consider the stochastic nature of PV generation and load demand to address the operational challenges in future PV-rich distribution networks. This paper proposes a Monte Carlo based probabilistic framework for assessing the impact of PV penetration on medium voltage (MV) distribution networks. The uncertainties associated with PV installation capacity and its location, as well as the time-varying nature of PV generation and load demand were considered for the implementation of the probabilistic framework. A case study was performed for a typical MV distribution network in Malaysia, demonstrating the effectiveness of Monte Carlo analysis in evaluating the potential PV impacts in the future. A total of 1000 Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to accurately identify the influence of PV penetration on voltage profiles and network losses. Besides, several key metrics were used to quantify the technical performance of the distribution network. The results revealed that the worst repercussion of high solar PV penetration on typical Malaysian MV distribution networks is the violation of the upper voltage statutory limit, which is likely to occur beyond 70% penetration level.
Vehicle tracker system design based on GSM and GPS interface using arduino as platform
Authors: Morallo Narcisa T.
Published: July 2021

Global positioning system (GPS) tracker is an innovative technology that is able to track the position of vehicle using global satellite system. In this paper, vehicle tracker system design that is derived from global positioning system and global system for mobile communication (GSM) interface with the use of Arduino Uno board as platform is proposed and presented. Technology in Arduino, GSM, and GPS is studied.GPS module receives the coordinates from the satellite. The GPS coordinates are sent to users in the form of SMS through SIM900A GSM module. By using Google Maps, the exact location of the vehicle can be located. Arduino microcontroller is the gateway to all GPS and GSM hardware and software communication in the system. The design represents that GSM and GPS interface with the use of Arduino Uno board as platform can really make vehicle tracking more efficient and convenient since it can work in any weather conditions and provide real-time location of objects. Automatic display of the coordinate’s geographical location in a map should be integrated in future design.
Energy efficient WSN using hybrid modification PEGASIS with ant lion optimization
Authors: Azeez Asmael Ahmed Abdul , Al-Nedawe Basman
Published: July 2021

Wireless sensor nodes consist of tiny electronic devices that can sense, transmit, and measure data from physical environments such as the field of minter surveillance. These sensor nodes significantly depend on batteries to gain energy which is used to operations associated with communication and computation. Generally, designing communication protocols is feasible to achieve effective usage of these energy resources of the sensor node. Both reported medium access control and routing can achieve energy-saving that supporting real time functionality. This paper emphasizes the use of hybrid modified PEGASIS-Ant lion optimization. Several steps are entailed in this research. First is random distribution of node followed by clustering the map as a circular region. Then, the nodes are connected to the closest node in that region. In consequence, PEGASIS-Ant lion optimization is applied to enhance the connection of the nodes and accomplish the maximum life batter of the sensor. At last, the experiments performed in this work demonstrate that the proposed optimization technique operates well in terms of network latency, power duration and energy’s consumption. Furthermore, the life span of the nodes has improved greatly by 87% over the original algorithm that accomplished a rate of life nodes of 60%.
A new parameter in three-term conjugate gradient algorithms for unconstrained optimization
Authors: Ahmed Alaa Saad , Khudhur Hisham M. , Najmuldeen Mohammed S.
Published: July 2021

In this study, we develop a different parameter of three term conjugate gradient kind, this scheme depends principally on pure conjugacy condition (PCC), Whereas, the conjugacy condition (PCC) is an important condition in unconstrained non-linear optimization in general and in conjugate gradient methods in particular. The proposed method becomes converged, and satisfy conditions descent property by assuming some hypothesis, The numerical results display the effectiveness of the new method for solving test unconstrained non-linear optimization problems compared to other conjugate gradient algorithms such as Fletcher and Revees (FR) algorithm and three term Fletcher and Revees (TTFR) algorithm. and as shown in Table (1) from where in a number of iterations and evaluation of function and in Figures (1), (2) and (3) from where in A comparison of the number of iterations, A comparison of the number of times a function is calculated and A comparison of the time taken to perform the functions.
S-CDCA: a semi-cluster directive-congestion protocol for priority-based data in WSNs
Authors: Shukur Marwan Ihsan
Published: July 2021

The internet of things (IoT) protocols and regulations are being developed forvarious applications includes: habitat monitoring, machinery control, general health-care, smart-homes and more. A great part of I0T comprised of sensors nodes in connected networks (i.e. sensor networks.). A sensor network is a group of nodes with sensory module and computational elements connected through network interfaces. The most interesting type of sensor networks are wireless sensor networks. The nodes here are connected through wirless interfaces. The shared medium between these nodes, creates different challenges. Congestion in such network is ineavitable. Different models andmethods were proposed to alleviate congestion in wireless sensor networks.This paper presents a semi-cluster directive congestion method that allivatenetwork congestion forpriority-baseddata transmission. The method simprove the network performance by implementing temporary cluster forlow level priority data packets while providing a clear link between highpriority data source node and the network base station. Simulation resultsshow that. The proposed method outperformes ad hocOn-demand distance vector (AODV) reactive procotol approach and priority-based congestion control dynamic clustering (PCCDC) a cluster-based methodin network energy consumption and control packets overhead during network operation.The proposed method also shows comparative improvments in end-to-enddelays versus PCCDC.
Software process improvement initiative in medium size IT organization: a case study
Authors: Zarour Mohammad , Alenezi Mamdouh
Published: July 2021

IT organizations are striving to develop software solutions that meet customer needs as well as their business goals. Software organization scontinuously improve their software development practices for faster time-to-market and better software quality. The success factors to conduct process improvement initiatives are documented in the literature, but their effect and existences differ from one place to another. Hence, as the culture and organizational behavior in developing software varies across the world, it becomes interesting to report and discuss local experiences in differentregions. The experience gained in this empirical study differs from that gained in the previous work in the sense that it was the organization that initiated this initiative and this ensures the top management commitment in conducting the process improvement initiative. We have used CMMI continuous representation and SCAMPI Class C appraisal method to conduct the appraisal. In this empirical study, most of the success factors are met toconduct the process improvement initiative, including: Staff involvement and high staff morale. Several process pitfalls have been identified; an interesting one is that adopting powerful case tools is not enough to control the development process if they are not fully used.
Application project task scheduling using dolphin swarm technology
Authors: Mostafa Baraa S. , Alsalman Firdews A.
Published: July 2021

Project task scheduling, which is part of software project management, has great importance in the success or failure of projects as 40% of projects are subject to failure due to poor planning and misuse of human resources, andthis greatly confirms that the wise decisions that are made at this stage leadto reduced Obstacles facing work and leading tosuccess. The work and decision-making is the responsibility of the project manager as he faces all the complexity and critical phases of this critical phase and deals with all its related processes which consist of defining the project tasks and assigning the employees responsible for each task and then preparing project plans. In this research we dealt with project scheduling using The smart dolphins warm algorithm, the project scheduling process is essential in the software engineering industry nowadays and the possibility of finding good solution swhich saves the software company a lot of time and money.
 
Optimized routing algorithm for maximizing transmission rate in D2D network
Authors: Farhan Marwa K. , Croock Muayad S.
Published: July 2021

Wireless devices have been equiping extensive services over recent years. Since most of these devices are randomly distributed, a fundamental trade-off to be addressed is the transmission rate, latency, and packet loss of the ad hoc route selection in device to device (D2D) networks. Therefore, this paper introduces a notion of weighted transmission rate and total delay, as well as the probability of packet loss. By designing optimal transmission algorithms, this proposed algorithm aims to select the best path for device-to-device communication that maximizes the transmission rate while maintaining minimum delay and packet loss. Using the Lagrange optimization method, the lagrangian optimization of rate, delay, and the probability of packet loss algorithm (LORDP) is modeled. For practical designation, we consider the fading effect of the wireless channels scenario. The proposed optimal algorithm is modeled to compute the optimal cost objective function and represents the best possible solution for the corresponding path. Moreover, a simulation for the optimized algorithm is presented based on optimal cost objective function. Simulation results establish the efficiency of the proposed LORDP algorithm.Wireless devices have been equiping extensive services over recent years. Since most of these devices are randomly distributed, a fundamental trade-off to be addressed is the transmission rate, latency, and packet loss of the ad hoc route selection in device to device (D2D) networks. Therefore, this paper introduces a notion of weighted transmission rate and total delay, as well as the probability of packet loss. By designing optimal transmission algorithms, this proposed algorithm aims to select the best path for device-to-device communication that maximizes the transmission rate while maintaining minimum delay and packet loss. Using the Lagrange optimization method, the lagrangian optimization of rate, delay, and the probability of packet loss algorithm (LORDP) is modeled. For practical designation, we consider the fading effect of the wireless channels scenario. The proposed optimal algorithm is modeled to compute the optimal cost objective function and represents the best possible solution for the corresponding path. Moreover, a simulation for the optimized algorithm is presented based on optimal cost objective function. Simulation results establish the efficiency of the proposed LORDP algorithm
Analysis of Factors Responsible for Preoperative Anxiety in Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic at the Surgical Polyclinic of Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar
Authors: Arthayasa I Made Widhi , Dewi Ni Luh Putu Thrisna , Triyani Ni Gusti Ayu Putu , Wati Ketut Lisna
Published: July 2021

Surgery often causes anxiety in patients. Preoperative anxiety may cause delays of surgery due to physiological and psychological changes experienced by the patient. Preoperative anxiety is influenced by age, gender, education level, physical condition, and experience. The research objective was to analyze the influence of factors responsible for preoperative anxiety in patients at the Surgical Polyclinic of Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research applied cross sectional design with 98 respondents who were selected by consecutive sampling method. Data were collected using the APAIS. Bivariate data analysis was performed using non-parametric Pearson’s chi-squared test and multivariate analysis with logistic regression. All patients experienced preoperative anxiety, most of which were in the moderate category (41.8%). Factors responsible for preoperative anxiety in patients at the Surgical Polyclinic of Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, during the COVID-19 pandemic were gender (p = 0.043, α = 0.05), education (p = 0.000, α = 0.05), and experience (p = 0.006, α = 0.05). The most dominant factor was experience with an odds ratio of 4.806. The influence of the three factors was 75.4% and the remaining 24.6% was influenced by other factors. Most respondents expressed their anxiety with fear and curiosity about surgical procedure so it is important for nurses to provide education about the surgery in order to reduce the level of preoperative anxiety in patients, especially female patients with lower levels of educational attainment who have never undergone surgery.
La dimensión positiva de las actividades extraescolares en la niñez y la adolescencia
Authors: Moreno Carmona Norman Darío
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo revisa recientes investigaciones sobre alternativas para el uso del tiempo libre y fortalecimiento del desarrollo psicosocial de niños, niñas y adolescentes, con el ánimo de prevenir su involucramiento en diversas conductas de riesgo, haciendo especial énfasis en el modelo del Desarrollo Positivo en Adolescentes (PYD por sus siglas en inglés). La revisión identifica diversos estudios sobre intervención social y procesos de acompañamiento educativo en ambientes extraescolares, asociados a alternativas lúdicas, creativas y artísticas. Además, la metodología implicó que los textos hayan sido publicados en la última década y en revistas arbitradas, siguiendo criterios de búsqueda como ocio, tiempo libre, actividades extraescolares, adolescencia, grupos juveniles, deporte y música. Los resultados muestran que los adolescentes que participan en actividades extramurales son menos propensos a consumir sustancias psicoactivas, adquieren más competencias para relacionarse con los demás, cuentan con habilidades para la resolución de conflictos y mejoran su rendimiento académico. Estos programas les brindan recursos y habilidades en su proceso hacia la adultez y estimulan su compromiso social, mayores logros educativos y ocupacionales, aumentan la capacidad de toma de decisiones y desarrollan la responsabilidad.
Una aproximación a las identidades juveniles en Malinalco, Estado de México, desde sus trayectorias sociales
Authors: Hernández Linares Carmen Delia , Moctezuma Pérez Sergio , Vizcarra Bordi Ivonne , Ramírez Sánchez Areli
Published: July 2021

El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar el proceso de conformación de las identidades entre los jóvenes del municipio de Malinalco, Estado de México. Para lograr lo anterior, se entrevistó a 9 jóvenes y 8 adultos para identificar similitudes y diferencias en sus trayectorias sociales. El enfoque conceptual proviene de la teoría centrada en el actor, en combinación con enfoques constructivistas que priorizan la reconstrucción de historias de vida. Se concluye que más allá del choque generacional que existe entre jóvenes y adultos, los primeros responden a sus contextos a partir de la carga cultural con la que son educados.
La dimensión socio-afectiva y su trascendencia en la vida del niño
Authors: Jaramillo Valencia Bairon
Published: July 2021

Este artículo demuestra la importancia que tiene el desarrollo de la dimensión socio-afectiva y como esta podría trascender en la vida del niño; se determinan, además, una serie de conceptos relacionados con el tema de la dimensión socio-afectiva y cómo esta es afectada ante un proceso de separación en los núcleos familiares. Por otra parte, este estudio se acoge al paradigma cualitativo y se orienta bajo el tipo de investigación etnográfica; a su vez, se presentan una serie de resultados, producto de las técnicas de recogida de información (observación no participante, entrevista no estructurada y talleres). La investigación de la cual se deriva la escritura de este texto, tuvo como nombre “Influencia del divorcio de los padres en el desarrollo de la dimensión socio afectivo de niños y niñas de 8 a 10 años de edad”, en la que participo la Institución Educativa Rural Santa Elena, del corregimiento Santa Elena de Medellín, Antioquia y la Universidad Católica Luis Amigó; Medellín, Antioquia. Entre los hallazgos más importantes, se tiene la afectación directa que tiene el proceso de divorcio de los padres en el desarrollo de la dimensión socio-afectiva de los niños, y sus respectivas implicaciones psicológicas, sociales y emocionales.
Tiro cruzado: as dinâmicas de violência armada letal envolvendo a juventude brasileira
Authors: Peres Maria Fernanda Tourinho , Possas Mariana Thorstensen , Carvalho Ana Clara Rebouças de , Regina Fernanda Lopes , Souza Maíne
Published: July 2021

No Brasil, as mortes violentas intencionais interpessoais, ou homicídios, constituem um fenômeno social cotidiano, que fica dissolvido em outras tantas causas de mortes que enfrentamos atualmente. Desde os anos 80, assistimos a um crescimento das taxas de homicídios, atingindo o pico em 2017. Vivemos há 30 anos um estado de violência letal endêmica, que afeta especialmente a juventude negra e pobre, sem conseguir produzir uma compreensão do problema e reação política à altura. Ao contrário, a cultura da morte permanece ativada e especialmente reproduzida em determinados espaços da sociedade. Os efeitos da dinâmica “tráfico-polícia” são a grande causa das mortes dos jovens, e sua produção é acompanhada do diagnóstico genérico “combate ao tráfico de drogas”, cujo relato inclui as justificativas morais, políticas e jurídicas para a manutenção desse contínuo e perverso ciclo de violência letal.
Violências em territórios faccionados do Nordeste do Brasil: notas sobre as situações do Rio Grande do Norte e do Ceará
Authors: Melo Juliana , Paiva Luiz Fábio S.
Published: July 2021

O artigo trata do processo de surgimento, consolidação e expansão das facções nos estados do Ceará e Rio Grande do Norte. Discutimos as formas de envolvimento de jovens adolescentes em coletivos criminais conhecidos como facções, tratando das experiências deles em dois grupos particulares: os Guardiões do Estado, do Ceará, e o Sindicato do Crime, do Rio Grande do Norte. Em linhas gerais, evidenciamos dinâmicas próprias desses grupos e contextos, assim como modos de representações e de gestão de suas práticas criminais. Tratamos, por fim, dos efeitos sociais de um número cada vez maior de jovens envolvidos nessas organizações, analisando as consequências desse fenômeno para a vida em sociedade.
Entre altos e baixos: dinâmicas da violência letal no Espírito Santo e Minas Gerais entre os anos 2000 e 2020
Authors: Costa Marco Aurélio Borges , Rocha Rafael L. S.
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir as dinâmicas da letalidade violenta, sobretudo entre jovens, nos estados do Espírito Santo e Minas Gerais. A partir de dados quantitativos e resultados de pesquisas de campo qualitativas realizadas pelos autores e por pares, o artigo discute a redução das mortes violentas intencionais nos dois estados na última década, a influência, ainda pontual, das facções criminais oriundas do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, com maior centralidade nas dinâmicas locais de rivalidades violentas e conflitos armados, e o intenso aumento da letalidade policial em Minas Gerais e Espírito Santo. Finalmente, o artigo inicia uma discussão sobre os efeitos distintos da pandemia de covid-19 nos números de homicídios dos dois estados, que tiveram um aumento significativo no Espírito Santo, mas em Minas Gerais mantiveram a tendência de queda dos anos anteriores.
On the Iconography of the Potnia Theron in the North Pontic Region
Authors: Stoyanov Roman V.
Published: July 2021

The article discusses one of the variants of the image of the tendril goddess (Rankenfrau) with the mask of a satyr recorded in depictions on plates found in Chersonesos Taurica, in the funerary complex within the Kul-Oba burial-mound and also in a burial-mound near the village of Ivanovskaya (Fig. 1–3). Examination of the context for each of the finds and also their comparison allows the assumption that they were all used to decorate apparel – the head-dress of a priestess. The image of the goddess depicted on these plates can be traced back to the iconographic type of the Potnia Theron. The combination of images of the winged goddess and a satyr mask in a single item is probably linked with the cult of Artemis Orphia.
Brazil and the Implementation of Article 82 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: Setting the Stage for the Bidding Rounds
Authors: Pereira da Silva Alexandre
Published: July 2021

This article analyses the challenges that Brazil faces in implementing Article 82 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC), which imposes a levy with respect to the exploitation of non-living resources on the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles. First, it presents the developments made by Brazil with reference to Articles 76 and 82 of the LOSC, which are closely associated. Then, legal opinions and the conclusions of the Working Group (created to discuss the implementation of Article 82 in Brazil) are examined. Lastly, the tender protocol and the draft concession agreement for the ongoing bidding round – which includes blocks on the outer continental shelf – are considered. The article argues that the conclusions of the Working Group and core provisions of the relevant documents may compromise the proper implementation of Article 82 and impact the future relationship between Brazil and the International Seabed Authority.
How to Manage the Unmanageable: Inconsistent Ottoman Strategies to Prevent Prostitution
Authors: Sabev Orlin
Published: July 2021

Based on narratives, including ‘urban legends’, and Ottoman archival sources, this article deals with prostitution in the Ottoman Empire in view of its legal and judicial treatment according to both Sharia and sultanic law. Ottoman policies towards prostitution included measures and punishments ranging from milder (imprisonment, expulsion, taxation, legalization of brothels) to harsher (death sentence and corporal punishment). Since the Ottoman Empire included territories of a great variety of peoples and local customs the measures applied changed over time and varied across places. The author puts forward the hypothesis that the harshness of punishment depended perhaps also on the impact of conservative religious circles such as the Kadizâdelis and Mujaddidiyah.
The Role of the Press in the From Turk to Turk Campaign in Cyprus Under British Rule
Authors: Akkor Emin
Published: July 2021

Turkish Cypriot newspapers played an important role in the construction of Turkish national identity during the From Turk to Turk Campaign in Cyprus in the late 1950s. The campaign involved the establishment of Turkish municipalities that were separate from the Greek Cypriot ones and the change of village names into Turkish and aimed at conducting all trade and other business relations exclusively between Turks in order for them to develop economically. This article examines the role of the newspapers that were published in Cyprus in 1958 and 1959, which is the period during which the From Turk to Turk Campaign was active.
Eurynothrips Bagnall (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae): a rare and long-lost Australian genus, with one new gall-inducing species
Authors: MOUND LAURENCE A. , TREE DESLEY J.
Published: July 2021

The monotypic genus of horn-headed thrips, Eurynothrips Bagnall, had not been seen since its discovery in the early 1900’s in northern Australia, and nothing is known of its biology. A second species of the genus, E. laheyi sp.n., is described from southern Queensland, inducing galls on the young terminal leaves of the small tree, Planchonella pohlmaniana [Sapotaceae].
Aegla buenoi n. sp. (Decapoda: Anomura): first record of aeglid crab from Cinzas River basin, Brazil
Authors: MARÇAL INGRID COSTA , PÁEZ FERNANDA POLLI , SOUZA-SHIBATTA LENICE , SOFIA SILVIA HELENA , TEIXEIRA GUSTAVO MONTEIRO
Published: July 2021

A new species of freshwater anomuran crab, Aegla buenoi n. sp., is described. The new taxon was collected from two streams within the Cinzas River basin, Paraná state, Brazil. We used morphological and molecular data (COI mtDNA) to distinguish the new species from its congeners. Aegla buenoi n. sp. is differentiated by morphological diagnostic features of the cephalothorax, chelipeds, second abdominal epimeron, and uropods. Molecular results confirm the separation of A. buenoi n. sp. from closely related species (A. castro Schmitt, 1942, A. lata Bond-Buckup & Buckup, 1994, and A. jacutinga Marçal & Teixeira, 2020). Hence, our study increases the known diversity of aeglids and reports the first species of Aegla from the Cinzas River basin.
Significance of Magnetic Field on Carreau Dissipative Flow Over a Curved Porous Surface with Activation Energy
Authors: Revathi Gadamsetty , Babu Macherla Jayachandra , Sivakrishnam Raju Chakravarthula , Sharma Rohit , Chamkha Ali J.
Published: July 2021

This paper theoretically clarifies the impact of pertinent parameters, including viscous dissipation on the flow of Carreau fluid through a permeable arched elongating sheet. Flow describing equations are metamorphosed as ODEs and executed using the combination of shooting and Runge-Kutta
strategies. Consequences are elucidated using tables and graphs. We discovered that (a) an appreciable decline in the concentration against temperature difference and reaction rate parameters (b) curvature parameter and porosity parameters registered opposite behaviour to each other on velocity
profile (c) there is a reduction in the heat transfer rate with larger Eckert number and curvature parameters (d) Biot number ameliorates the temperature and local Nusselt number (e) Schmidt number and activation energy parameters are showing different behaviours on local Sherwood number.
And also, magnetic field and porosity parameters minimize the velocity and surface drag force and Biot number ameliorates the temperature. Further, present results are validated with the earlier outcomes and perceived an acceptable agreement.
Thermal Slip Flow of a Three-Dimensional Casson Fluid Embedded in a Porous Medium with Internal Heat Generation
Authors: Gangadhar K. , Venkata Subba Rao M. , Venkata Ramana K. , Suresh Kumar Ch. , Chamkha Ali J.
Published: July 2021

Present assessment is considered to analysis flow as well as heat characteristics of steady, thermal slip flow of three-dimensional Casson fluid embedded in a porous medium with internal heat generation. Geometry of the present analysis is linearly stretched surface. Later, all the
PDEs corresponding to the study are altered to set of nonlinear equations ODEs by means of appropriate similarity transformations. An efficient numerical scheme of spectral relaxation method (SRM) is applied to solve the nonlinear ordinary system. Variations of Nusselt number, temperature,
velocity, and local skin friction coefficient with fluid parameters exhibited by graphs and tables. Spectral relaxation method gives an exact convergence to the nonlinear boundary value problems compare with general methods. In this study, to improve the precision and accuracy of the SRM successive
over-relaxation (SOR) strategy is utilized. Proposed method as well as outcomes is checked with the comparison. A sensible connection is acquired between the current outcomes and accessible outcomes in writing. Some of the observations are skin friction coefficient raises and velocities decreases
by the magnetic field strength. Skin friction and Local Nusselt number at the surface is more pronounced for non-Newtonian case than that of Newtonian case.
Zero Mass Flux Dependent on Radiative Magnetohydrodynamics Carreau Nanofluid Over a Radially Surface with Temperature Jump and Slip Flow: A Hybrid Nanofluid Analysis
Authors: Parmar Amit , Choudhary Rakesh , Agrawal Krishna
Published: July 2021

The present study explores the slip flow and heat transfer induced by a radially surface with MHD Carreau nanofluid. In addition, the effects of temperature jump, non-linear radiation and the dependent zero mass flux also taken into account. This study also considers the cross-diffusion
effect on temperature and concentration governing profiles. Appropriate transformations are engaged in order to acquire nonlinear differential equations (ODEs) from the partial differential system, their solutions are obtained by Runge-Kutta 4th order with shooting scheme in MATLAB. The impact
of pertinent flow parameters such as first and second order velocity slip parameter, temperature jump, magnetic parameter, heat source, radiation parameter, melting surface parameter, temperature ratio parameter on dimensionless velocity, temperature and concentration profiles achieved graphically
as well as local skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are demonstrated in the form of Table. first order velocity slip parameter (slip1) on f′, Θ and Φ profile fields. With an increment in the velocity slip first order parameter (slip1)
we have perceived a fall in the momentum boundary layer and concentration profiles and a growth in the fluid temperature field.
Unsteady Magnetohydrodynamics Slip Flow of Powell-Eyring Fluid with Microorganisms Over an Inclined Permeable Stretching Sheet
Authors: Olkha Amala , Dadheech Amit
Published: July 2021

The unsteady MHD flow of Powell-Eyring fluid with microorganisms due to permeable extending surface which is also inclined, embedded in porous media is acknwledged. We have considered variable fluid property such as variable viscosity, thermal conductivity. For this perspective relevant
transformations are exercised to reduce the governing PDE’s corresponding to momentum energy, mass and microorganisms’ profiles to system of ODE’s which are of non-linear nature and are numerically evaluated by MATLAB algorithm using Runge-kutta technique. Tabular annotations
including pictorial presentations are comprehensively used to analyse effects caused by physical parameters concerning velocity, energy, mass and microorganisms.The present analysis focuses the study of unsteady MHD slip flow of Powell-Eyring fluid with microorganisms over an inclined permeable
stretching sheet with slip conditions which is not avalaible in open literature beforehand. Rising unsteady parameter (A) decreases skin friction coefficient and reverse impact is shown on local Sherwood, Nusselt, and motile microorganisms’ number.
Quantifying rainfall in Greenland: a combined observational and modelling approach
Authors: Huai Baojuan , van den Broeke Michiel R. , Reijmer Carleen H. , Cappellen John
Published: July 2021

This paper estimates rainfall totals at 17 Greenland meteorological stations, subjecting data from in-situ precipitation gauge measurements to seven different precipitation phase schemes to separate rain- and snowfall amounts. To correct the resulting snow/rain fractions for undercatch, we subsequently use a Dynamic Correction Model (DCM) for Automatic Weather Stations (AWS, Pluvio gauges) and a regression analysis correction method for staffed stations (Hellmann gauges). With observations ranging from 5% to 57% for cumulative totals, rainfall accounts for a considerable fraction of total annual precipitation over Greenland’s coastal regions, with the highest rain fraction in the south (Narsarsuaq). Monthly precipitation and rainfall totals are used to evaluate the regional climate model RACMO2.3. The model realistically captures monthly rainfall and total precipitation (R=0.3-0.9), with generally higher correlations for rainfall for which the undercatch correction factors (1.02-1.40) are smaller than those for snowfall (1.27-2.80), and hence the observations more robust. With a horizontal resolution of 5.5 km and simulation period from 1958-present, RACMO2.3 therefore is a useful tool to study spatial and temporal variability of rainfall in Greenland, although further statistical downscaling may be required to resolve the steep rainfall gradients.
DIF Detection With Zero-Inflation Under the Factor Mixture Modeling Framework
Authors: Lee Sooyong , Han Suhwa , Choi Seung W.
Published: July 2021

Response data containing an excessive number of zeros are referred to as zero-inflated data. When differential item functioning (DIF) detection is of interest, zero-inflation can attenuate DIF effects in the total sample and lead to underdetection of DIF items. The current study presents a DIF detection procedure for response data with excess zeros due to the existence of unobserved heterogeneous subgroups. The suggested procedure utilizes the factor mixture modeling (FMM) with MIMIC (multiple-indicator multiple-cause) to address the compromised DIF detection power via the estimation of latent classes. A Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to evaluate the suggested procedure in comparison to the well-known likelihood ratio (LR) DIF test. Our simulation study results indicated the superiority of FMM over the LR DIF test in terms of detection power and illustrated the importance of accounting for latent heterogeneity in zero-inflated data. The empirical data analysis results further supported the use of FMM by flagging additional DIF items over and above the LR test.
Challenges in making school social work a reality in Brazilian schools
Authors: da Luz Scherf Erick
Published: July 2021

At the end of 2019, the presence of social workers became mandatory in Brazilian state-funded elementary schools. This brief note explores the challenges schools may have in translating the new legislation from paper to practice. The goal is to frame and advance the discourse of school social work in Brazil. Among other topics, this note discusses the role of social workers in educational environments in Brazil and identifies the barriers that may exist to the exercise of the profession in these institutional spaces. Ultimately, suggestions are made on how to develop effective social work interventions in Brazilian schools.
R&D of JAEA for the decommissioning of TEPCO’s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station
Authors: Noda Koichi
Published: July 2021

This paper does not necessarily reflect the views of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Since the accident at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station in March 2011, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has been contributing actively to the environmental recovery of Fukushima and the decommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station from a technical aspect, through a wide range of research and development (R&D) activities including fundamental research and applicational technology development. JAEA has been conducting R&D such as the characterisation of fuel debris, and treatment and disposal of radioactive wastes based on the ‘Mid-and-Long-Term Roadmap’ authorised by the Japanese Government. This R&D is mainly promoted by Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS) in Tomioka Town, and CLADS has also been promoting cooperation with domestic and foreign research institutes, related companies, universities, etc. In addition, Naraha Centre for Remote Control Technology Development in Naraha Town commenced full operation in April 2016 for the development and demonstration of remote control technologies planned for use in the decommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station and disaster response. Okuma Analysis and Research Centre in Okuma Town is under construction for the analysis and characterisation of fuel debris and various radioactive wastes. Ten years have passed since the Great East Japan Earthquake and the accident at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station, and environmental conditions in Fukushima have been improving. The evacuation zone has been lifted, and preparation of specific recovery areas in the difficult-to-return zone has progressed. However, the reconstruction of Fukushima and the decommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station are still in progress, and JAEA will continue its R&D for the decommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station with domestic and international expertise in order to further contribute to the reconstruction of Fukushima.
Words beyond the Partial Deed: Prosocial Framing of a Partial-Trust Act Promotes Reciprocation between Strangers
Authors: Kong Dejun Tony , Yao Jingjing
Published: July 2021

Displaying partial trust in exchanges between strangers is a common practice, but it does not effectively promote reciprocation. This is an intriguing phenomenon that warrants investigations regarding social mechanisms that can promote reciprocation without changing the level of trust. We seek to examine, given a partial-trust act, whether framing the motive underlying the act as prosocial (mutually beneficial) can promote reciprocation in an exchange between strangers. Across three experiments in the United States, we found that trustor prosocial (vs. no-motive) framing can promote trustee reciprocation through trustee felt obligation and that this effect is particularly strong among trustees with a strong rather than weak exchange orientation. Concurrently, this prosocial framing effect can operate serially through trustee perceived invitation for exchange and felt obligation. Our findings help address the conundrum of promoting reciprocation without introducing deleterious uncertainty about social motives given a partial-trust act that is prevalent in exchanges at zero acquaintance.
COVID‐19 in the Clinic: Human Testing of an Aerosol Containment Mask for Endoscopic Clinic Procedures
Authors: Ference Elisabeth H. , Kim Wihan , Oghalai John S. , Walker Clayton B. , Kim Jee‐Hong , Gallagher Tyler , Ma Harrison J. , Applegate Brian E.
Published: July 2021

Objective

To create an aerosol containment mask (ACM) for common otolaryngologic endoscopic procedures that also provides nanoparticle‐level protection to patients.

Study Design

Prospective feasibility study.

Setting

In‐person testing with a novel ACM.

Methods

The mask was designed in Solidworks and 3D printed. Measurements were made on 10 healthy volunteers who wore the ACM while reading the Rainbow Passage repeatedly and performing a forced cough or sneeze at 5‐second intervals over 1 minute with an endoscope in place.

Results

There was a large variation in the number of aerosol particles generated among the volunteers. Only the sneeze task showed a significant increase compared with normal breathing in the 0.3‐µm particle size when compared with a 1‐tailed t test (P =. 013). Both the 0.5‐µm and 2.5‐µm particle sizes showed significant increases for all tasks, while the 2 largest particle sizes, 5 and 10 µm, showed no significant increase (both P <. 01). With the suction off, 3 of 30 events (2 sneeze events and 1 cough event) had increases in particle counts, both inside and outside the mask. With the suction on, 2 of 30 events had an increase in particle counts outside the mask without a corresponding increase in particle counts inside the mask. Therefore, these fluctuations in particle counts were determined to be due to random fluctuation in room particle levels.

Conclusion

ACM will accommodate rigid and flexible endoscopes plus instruments and may prevent the leakage of patient‐generated aerosols, thus avoiding contamination of the room and protecting health care workers from airborne contagions.

Level of evidence

2
Face, Content, and Construct Validity of a Virtual Reality Otoscopy Simulator and Applicability to Medical Training
Authors: Albrecht Tobias , Nikendei Christoph , Praetorius Mark
Published: July 2021

Objective

Otologic diseases are common in all age groups and can significantly impair the function of this important sensory organ. To make a correct diagnosis, the correct handling of the otoscope and a correctly performed examination are essential. A virtual reality simulator could make it easier to teach this difficult‐to‐teach skill. The aim of this study was to assess the face, content, and construct validity of the novel virtual reality otoscopy simulator and the applicability to otologic training.

Study Design

Face and content validity was assessed with a questionnaire. Construct validity was assessed in a prospectively designed controlled trial.

Setting

Training for medical students at a tertiary referral center.

Method

The questionnaire used a 6‐point Likert scale. The otoscopy was rated with a modified Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills. Time to complete the task and the percentage of the assessed eardrum surface were recorded.

Results

The realism of the simulator and the applicability to medical training were assessed across several items. The ratings suggested good face and content validity as well as usefulness and functionality of the simulator. The otolaryngologists significantly outperformed the student group in all categories measured (P <. 0001), suggesting construct validity of the simulator.

Conclusion

In this study, we could demonstrate face, content, and construct validity for a novel high‐fidelity virtual reality otoscopy simulator. The results encourage the use of the otoscopy simulator as a complementary tool to traditional teaching methods in a curriculum for medical students.
A study of the accuracy of the Fitbit Zip in measuring steps both indoors and outdoors in a mixed rehabilitation population
Authors: Farmer Craig , van den Berg Maayken EL , Vuu Sally , Barr Christopher J
Published: July 2021

Objective:

To assess (1) step count accuracy of the Fitbit Zip, compared to manual step count, in people receiving outpatient rehabilitation, in indoor and outdoor conditions, and (2) impact of slow walking speed on Fitbit accuracy.

Design:

Observational study.

Setting:

A metropolitan rehabilitation hospital.

Subjects:

Adults ( n = 88) attending a subacute rehabilitation outpatient clinic with walking speeds of between 0.4 and 1.0 m/s.

Interventions:

Two 2-minute walk tests, one indoors and one outdoors, completed in random order.

Main measures:

Step count recorded manually by observation and by a Fitbit Zip, attached to the shoe on the dominant or non-affected side. Subgroup analysis included assessment accuracy for those considered limited community walkers (slower than 0.8 m/s) and those considered community walkers (faster than 0.8 m/s).

Results:

The Fitbit significantly ( P < 0.05) undercounted steps compared to manual step count, indoors and outdoors, with percentage agreement slightly higher outdoors (mean 92.4%) than indoors (90.1%). Overall, there was excellent consistent agreement between the Fitbit and manual step count for both indoor (ICC 0.83) and outdoor (ICC 0.88) walks. The accuracy of the Fitbit was significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced in those who walked slower than 0.8 m/s outdoors (ICC 0.80) compared to those who walk faster than 0.8 m/s (ICC 0.90).

Conclusions:

The Fitbit Zip shows high step count accuracy with manual step count in a mixed subacute rehabilitation population. However, accuracy is affected by walking speed, with decreased accuracy in limited community walkers.
Efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological interventions on metabolic disturbance induced by atypical antipsychotics in adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Yewei , Wang Dandan , Cheng Jie , Fang Xinyu , Chen Yan , Yu Lingfang , Ren Juanjuan , Tian Yuan , Zhang Chen
Published: July 2021

Background:

There have been a few systematic reviews and conventional meta-analyses reporting effect of drugs on metabolic disturbance induced by atypical antipsychotics (AAPs). However, few of them provided sufficient and comprehensive comparisons between pharmacological interventions.

Aims:

We aimed to qualitatively compare drugs’ effect on AAPs-induced metabolic abnormalities by using network meta-analysis (NMA).

Methods:

We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL), and PsycINFO on March 26, 2019. Of 5889 records identified, 61 randomized clinical trials including 3467 participants were included. We estimated weighted mean difference (WMD) and odds ratio (OR) using NMA. We assessed the risk of bias of individual studies with the Review Manager 5.3. Primary outcomes included change of body weight and body mass index (BMI). Secondary outcomes included change of other cardiometabolic risk factors, acceptability, and tolerability.

Results:

For body weight, topiramate (WMD −5.4, 95% CI −7.12 to −3.68), zonisamide (−3.44, 95% CI −6.57 to −0.36), metformin (−3.01, 95% CI −4.22 to −1.83), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) (−3.23, 95% CI −5.47 to −0.96), and nizatidine (−2.14, 95% CI −4.01 to −0.27) were significantly superior to placebo. Results regarding to BMI were similar to that of body weight. With respect to tolerability, only topiramate (OR 24, 95% CI 3.15 to 648) was inferior to placebo.

Conclusions:

Considering both efficacy and tolerability, evidence from this NMA indicates zonisamide, metformin, GLP-1RAs, and nizatidine in adults should be the first-line treatment for alleviating AAPs-induced weight gain or elevated BMI.