bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Ichnofossils to Correlate Oil-Bearing Deposits in the Devonian Clastic Succession (Pashyian and Timanian Horizons) of the South Tatar Arch
Authors: Miftakhutdinova D. N.
Published: January 2024

This article outlines the results of the first-ever ichnological study of the Middle Devonian clastic succession in the South Tatar Arch. The analysis of the stratigraphic distribution of trace fossils in the boreholes revealed several levels with biogenic structures such as ichnofossils and bioturbation, which proved useful for the correlation of the boreholes. The boundary interval of the Pashyian and Timanian Horizons is made up by a succession of three layers: bioturbated siltstones with Spirophyton burrows, limestones, and mudstones with Lingulichnus burrows. The interval can be traced over the entire area of the South Tatar Arch and may serve as an additional marker for the boundary between the horizons.
Pentalogy of Cantrell
Authors: J. Aboud Mohammed
Published: January 2024

Pentalogy of Cantrell is a rare syndrome that consists of defects involving the diaphragm, abdominal wall, pericardium, heart and lower sternum. A 2 â€“day- old male neonate presented to the pediatric surgical unit in the Maternity and Child Teaching hospital\AL-diwaniya with abdominal wall defect,precious baby deliverd by C\S to the mother with history of primary infertility for more than 13 year, The first clinical evaluation revealed epigastric omphalocele ( liver ,spleen and transverse colon were exposed with rupture sac , sternal defect , and ectopia cordis. U\S ,echocardogram and radiological studies were done to exclude others associated anomalies , Staged closure decided because the primary closure will significantly compromise ventilation or abdominal viscera .The first surgery was closure of both abdominal and thoracic defect ,bilateral flank and lateral chest wall release incisions and skin flap done for this closure. The patient had an uncomplicated postoperative course. A chest CT was performed at 2 weeks of life and demonstrated a very hypoplastic appearing anterior chest wall and a stenosis of the left mainstem bronchus as the cause of the patient's left lung hyperinflation. Monthly evaluation were done till he became at age of two years and every thinks were normal a part from abdominal distention (herniated viscera) which affected and limited the physical activity so the second stage was done, reinforced Dacron mesh placed to the anterior abdominal wall to protects the herniated bowel and redirects the pressure in the abdomen and to promotes enlargement of abdominal cavity.
APPENDICAL MUCOCELE
Authors: A. Al.khafaji Muayad , S. Al.Quizwini Taghreed
Published: January 2024

Appendiceal mucocele is cystic dilation of the veriform appendix from accumulation of mucoid substance within the lumen. It is either simple which develops after appendicitis if the lumen became obstructed by fibrosis or one associated with cystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma.It is a rare condition encountered in only 0.1 - 0.4% of all appendicectomies. We reported a case that presented to agynaecologist with a picture simulating ovarian cyst torsion and we briefly reviewed the literature.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIV/AIDS IN IRAQ
Authors: Kadhim Al-Ibadi Atheer , Abdel Jaleel Usama
Published: January 2024

This work was carried out at the AIDS Researches and Studies Center and Medico Consulting Center (Ibn Zoher Hospital) in Baghdad from 1st June 2004 to 1st June 2005, by retrospective study of patients records, aiming to describe the epidemiological features of AIDS cases in Iraq and its prevalence The total number of patients was (247) which only represented the registered cases from (1986 up to 2005), The prevalence of disease was (0.00095 per 100.000) with evident preponderance of males (86.2%) and age group < 20 years was ( 34.8%) . Most of the patients were single (74.5%) ; married (23.5%), Patients' occupation were as follows : most of the cases are child (44.9%) followed by earner (29.1%), officers (14.2%) and lastly sex workers (0.4%), The patients were more in urban (95.1%) than in rural area (4.9%), The most common route of transmission was the parentral route (84.6%), then sexual route (11.3%) , The highest percentage of cases were diagnosed in phase (4):(84.6%). As declared that the number of cases were 247, only 64 patients are alive and the rest were dead. The study recommended : on-going surveillance of all risk groups, health education campaign using different mass media particularly targeting high-risk groups and highly prevalent areas, ensuring safety of donated blood and blood products by proper screening for HIV/AIDS provision of effective antenatal care for early detection and active management of pregnant women and their babies, provision of diagnostic facilities and active antiretroviral drugs in addition to increasing staff efficiency by regular training courses.
PERIPATUM CARDIOMYOPATHY ; FIVE YEARS STUDY IN DIWANIYAH TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Al-Jashami Mohanad
Published: January 2024

Objective: Astudy was carried out to verify peri partum cardiomyopathy (PPCMP) frequency among other cardiomyopathy (CM)Patients and methods : From April 2001 to April 2005 , out and in patients (98) patients with clinically unexplained congestive heart failure had been subjected to careful echocardiographic study.Results : it was found that (13.2%) of dilated CM studied had PPCM. All the 13 patients of PPCM were multiparous ; had heart failure in stage 111-1V; and they were anemic and underweight.
Invasive lobular carcinoma versus duct carcinoma of the breast
Authors: M.Abbas Al-Temimi Shoroq
Published: January 2024

Lobular carcinoma of the breast uncommon compared to duct carcinoma .77 specimens with breast carcinoma in the Diwania teaching hospital were examined in the period from feb.2000 to feb.2006.Thirteen out of 77 specimen were proved to be invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast and out of these 13 specimen 5 were from a patients with bilateral disease and two specimen proved to be lobular carcinoma insitu.All the specimen were examined for multifocality and compared with duct carcinoma.
Management of fistula-in-ano - a common clinical problem
Authors: R. Alammar Nahidh
Published: January 2024

A prospective study of 54 patients (age ranging from 18-54 years) operated for perianal fistula.These operations done in al- Diwanyiah teaching hospital and private hospital in period from: January 2003 to July 2005.To determine the incidence of low or high anal fistula, recurrence rate following surgery and effect of surgery as well as effect of previous procedures on the incontinence. The fifty four patients (54) were subdivided into two groupsâ€™ i.e. low and high anal fistulae and were operated by laying open technique (fistulotomy) for low fistulae and by two-stage fistulotomy, seton â€œcut-through technique and Rerouting of the tract for high fistulae. Patients were followed to see the incidence of recurrence, effect of surgery on continence as well as effect of previous surgery on continence. Overall recurrence was only 4.44% for low fistulae and 11.11% for high fistula in-ano. Minor incontinence was observed only following surgery for high variety. No such complication occurred in low variety. Low fistulae can be laid open with minimal loss of sphincter muscle but as for as the high variety is concerned it is safer to place a seton or stage the procedure.
Epidemiologic Study of Opportunistic Fungi Contaminating Soil of Schools, Mosques and Hotels in Diwaniya City - Iraq
Authors: H AL-Hamdani Adnan , A.AL-Shammary Mohammad , S. Jabbar Rana
Published: January 2024

Soil mycoflora in several schools, mosques and hotels in Diwaniya city were examined using dilution plate technique and three different culture media with and without supplementation of cycloheximide antifungal. A total number of fungal isolates observed in all experiments were 2589 that represent 57 species related to 48 genus, in addition to the white and dark sterile mycelium. Cycloheximide substantially affected the frequency of isolated fungi. Where Penicillium chrysogenum was the most frequent species (44.73%) on culture media free from cycloheximide. Acremonium kiliense was the most with more capability than other examined fungi in tested blood which took 3 days only while this ability of other species was varied from 4 to 12 days . frequent one (26.85%) on media supplemented with this antifungal. In contrast the frequency and occurrence of P. chrysogenum in both soils of school (41.26%) and (95.95%) respectively and of mosques (43.63%) and(100%) respectively was higher than other species, also this species was the most occurring (90%) in hotels soil. Memoneilla subimplex was the most frequent species (18.87%) in this soil. Number of isolates were varied according to the addition of cycloheximide and the composition of culture media: highest number of fungal isolates (337) were recorded when potato dextrose agar used, in contrast the greatest numbers of fungal species (21) were identified when sabouraude dextrose agar was used. In culture media free of cycloheximide the number of fungal isolates and fungal species were substantially increased to 720 and 37 respectively. The results of this experiment revealed a negative correlation between soil fungi and pH ( as r= 0.307 with fungal isolates and 0.185 with the number of fungal species ) while this correlation was positive with organic content of soil salinity (r= 0.042 and 0.130 with fungal isolates and fungal species respectively ) moreover the results showed negative correlation between fungal isolates and soil salinity (r=0.202) while the number of species of fungal society was positively correlated ( r= 0.109). The hemolytic activity of 30 species in vitro using blood agar culture:18 species showed variable capabilities in hemolysis. Aspergillus fumigatus was
In Vitro Study For The Effect Of Cinnamon Oil On Multi-Drug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus And Proteus mirabilis Strains
Authors: Kitab Al -Yasiri Israa
Published: January 2024

The study was carried out to assess the effect of cinnamon oil on multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis isolated from patient infected with otitis media. 50 specimens were collected at AL Hakeem Teaching Hospital in AL-Najaf governorate, 20 isolates were found to be Staphylococcus spp. and Proteus spp. on further studying for the species level only six of these isolates were found to be multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis. The results of antibiotic sensitivity testing showed that most of these isolates were highly resistant (resistance percentage was 40-90%) for the used antibiotics. The antimicrobial effect of cinnamon oil on these isolates was tested via performing Disk Diffusion Method, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) tests. The results showed a similarity in the antimicrobial actions between this oil and Ciprofloxacin antibiotic . The study concluded that Cinnamon Oil could be used as an effective antimicrobial even in case of difficult treated MDR Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis.
IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDY OF Toxocara canis IN DOGS AND MICE AT BASRAH CITY
Authors: .H. H. Awad A , A. Suzan , . A. Al-Azizz A
Published: January 2024

Sixty-five sera samples were collected from stray dogs in Basrah which included 31 dogs infected with T. canis, 21 dogs infected with cestodes, while 13 dogs were infected with other nematodes then T. canis. The antibody concentration for eggs crude antigen (ECA) and adult crude antigen (ACA), adult purified antigen (APA) was evaluated using IHAT test for monitoring toxocariasis in dogs. The sensitivity of the above antigens was 64.5, 86.2 and 93.5%, respectively, while the specificity was 84.4, 93.8 and 100 %, respectively.Furthermore, the predictive values were 80.0, 92.6 and 100 %, respectively, while, the likelihood ratio was 4.5, 14.3 and âˆž for the above antigens. No cross reaction was detected between the above three antigens and the infection with cestodes. A total of 48 sera samples from mice experimentally infected with 2nd stage larvae of T. canis with two doses (250 and 500 larvae) at 1, 2, 3 weeks and 2, 4, 6 days post - infection. IHAT was used with larval excretory/ secretory and tegumental larval antigens. The total sensitivity was 91.66% and 83.33% for E/S, while it was 58.33 and 50% for TES, respectively. The specificity was 100% for E/S and TES at both doses, respectively. The predictive value for E/S was 91.66% in dose (500) larvae and 95.83% at second dose (250, larvae). It was found that in case of TES antigen, the predictive value was 75% and 79.16% at both doses (500 and 250 larvae, respectively). There was no cross-reaction between the above larval antigens and the infection with cestodes and nematodes
Management of three cases of pyometrocolpos due to distal vaginal atresia in infants
Authors: J. Aboud Mohammed
Published: January 2024

Children with pyometrocolpos due to distal vaginal atresia may present as acutely ill, with severe obstructive uropathy and septicemia. In such patients the clinical course is markedly improved by urgent drainage of the infected cystic mass, and a temporary drainage procedure is required to allow local findings of infection to subside before definitive surgery. We present a 3 cases one at 2 months and two cases at 4- months of age old females with pyometrocolpos two of them with the above-mentioned clinical course and one of them with typical presentation of Mayer Rokitansky Kuster Houser syndrome (MRKH syndrome) ( is characterized by Mullerian duct structures agenesis, vaginal atresia being the commonest variant) ,presenting and having association of anorectal malformation, Mullerian duct agenesis and renal anomaly , all received urgent laparotomy and drainage through the upper abdominal wall transverse incision (was performed in spite of the high risks of complex drainage procedures and general anesthesia). This drainage did result in dramatically improved clinical status, and findings of local inflammation resolved within 4-6 weeks, which facilitated a later successful definitive surgical procedure.
Bactermia and Septicemia in the ChildrenUnder three years at Al-Nasseria Province
Authors: R. Al-Husseiny Khwam
Published: January 2024

This study was carried out in Al-Habobi Hospital for Children and Maternity in Al-Nasseria city. Fifty-four blood cultures were obtained from 54 children (age from 7 days to three years) with history of febrile, focal infection and history of illness. Forty-three isolates were isolated from forty patients (22 males and 18 females) with blood steam infections. Gram positive microorganisms were predominate (60.46%)such as Streptococcus pneumoniae (18.60%),Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus (16.22%),Coaglase negative Staphylococci (9.30%), and Gram negative bacteria, Escherichia coli (16.22%), Pseudomonas spp. ,Hemophilus influenza (4.65%) respectively. Results of antimicrobial sensitivity which showed that Ceftriaxon, Cefotaxime, Augmentin, Amoxicillin and Ampiclox were the high effective against Gram positive bacteria, and the Gentamycin, Amikacin and Trimotheprim the most suitable antimicrobial against Gram negative bacteria.
Is there an association between Diabetes Mellitus and Serum Creatinine Concentrations?
Authors: Fawzi AbdulKareem Kassim , Khalaf Ulaiwi Hassan , K. AbdulKareem Mohammed
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate serum creatinine level as a diagnostic test in relation to diabetes mellitus and to clear the difference in serum creatinine concentrations between diabetic males and females. Thirty two rabbits purchased from the local market, weighing 1.2-2 kg were used in the experiment. The animals were divided according to the gender into two groups and each was equally divided into diabetic and control group.The results revealed highly significant difference in the serum creatinine concentrations between diabetic groups and control groups, and the serum creatinine concentrations gradually increased after onset of diabetes, also the result revealed that values in diabetic males was highly significant than diabetic females (P<0.05). It is concluded that abnormal results occur in diabetic nephropathy and males tend to have higher levels of creatinine because they have more muscle mass than females.
Comparative study between trans-fontanelle us& spiral CT scan in the diagnosis of the congenital hydrocephalus
Authors: A. AL-Hassnaw Najat
Published: January 2024

Compared between the trans-fontal US & spiral Ct scan exam in the diagnosis of congenital hydrocephalus, A series of 100 infants with age range of (20 days to 12 months) were studied over a period of 2 years in Teaching hospital in Al diwaniya city. The commonest type of hydrocephalus in this study were obstructive type (83%).The US exam showing (100%) sensitivity in detection the lateral ventricle dilatation as in spiral CT can , with (97%) in detected the 3rd ventricle dilatation in compared with (100%) for spiral CT scan & (64%) in diagnosis 4th ventricle dilation with (100%) .Trans-fontal US exam showing highly sensitivity in early diagnosis of congenital hydrocephalus, with relatively low sensitivity in differentiation between the obstructive & non-obstructive type (low sensitivity in detection the 4th ventricle).In conclusion trans-fontal US exam can be used as a first choice diagnostic test in the diagnosis of congenital hydrocephalus, and CT scan should be preserved for bony & parenchymal abnormalities.
Pregnancy OutcomeWithin One Year AfterMolar Evacuation
Authors: A. Rubaei Sajeda
Published: January 2024

Hydatidiform mole pregnancy divided into two major groups, complete molar pregnancy with diploid kayrotype and partial moles which is triploid kayrotype(1).The incidence of molar pregnancy in Europe and north America 1:2000 Pregnancies which in Asia the incidence is as high as 1:200 live births(2).Woman aged over 40 and below 20 years are particularly at risk(2) . Women with a history of one mole have a 20 folds risk of recurrence(3) , patients with molar pregnancy require careful HCG follow up after evacuation to insure complete remission because the principle risk is choriocarcinoma which occurs in 3% of the cases, the risk is low it partial moles(4).Effective contraception is advised for one year after evacuation during which follow up with an HCG assay is therefore essential, the determination repeated every 1-2 weeks until the HCG disappears, then monthly for 6 moths(5) but unfortunately despite strong encouragement, some patients with hydatidiform mole conceive a new pregnancy before completing a recommended follow up So our aim in this study is to determine the pregnancy outcome in patients with partial or complete molar pregnancy who conceive before completing the recommended HCG follow up.
Some Biochemical Risk Factors for Myocardial Infarction in Babylon City
Authors: F. Al-Smaisim Maha
Published: January 2024

The present comprehensive study was designed to investigate the changes in some biochemical parameters and determine the risk factors in sera samples of patient with myocardial infarction (MI) [history of diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1, hypertension (blood pressure BP), and DM+ BP+smoking].Sixty four patients with MI attending to Merjan Teaching Hospital in Hilla City, were included in the present study. Also thirty two healthy individuals of matched age and gender were utilized as control.The main measurements included the following biochemical measurements:-Ceruloplasmin (CP), copper(Cu),total protein(TP) ,albumin(Alb.),globulin(Glo),total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), and total bilirubin(TB) concentrations, also Alb./Glo. ratio, TC/Alb ratio, CP oxidase activity, CP oxidase specific activity and Cu conc. / CP oxidase activity ratio in sera of healthy (control) and patients with MI (history of DM , BP and DM+BP+smoking).The results revealed a highly significant increase(p<0.001) in the CP, TP, Glo, TG, TB concentrations, Alb./Glo. ratio, CP oxidase activity, specific activity and Cu conc./CP oxidase activity ratio in sera of patients with MI (DM+ BP+smoking),while the same parameter referred significant increase(p<0.01) in patients with MI(DM or BP) in comparisom with control group. But Alb. concentration show significant decrease in the all groups (p<0.001), (p<0.01) respectively. An important finding in this study is that biochemical risk factors appeared to occur in patients with DM+BP+smoking more the patients with DM or BP. This observation suggests that DM+BP+smoking may be more prominent risk factor for MI. Hypertriglyceridemia, but not hypercholesterolemia, is associated with MI. TC/Alb ratio is considered a better index of cardiovascular risk than serum cholesterol. CP conc., CP activity and specific activity and Cu Conc. / CP oxidase activity anew biochemical parameters and risk factors, therefore this results it is regarded us a primary indicator to MI.
Risk Factors CausingIntrauterine Growth Retardation in Basrah
Authors: A. Rubaei Sajeda , Abid Salman Mawahib
Published: January 2024

A case control study involving five hundred women who were admitted to Basrah Maternity and Children Hospital for the purpose of delivery and they were divided into two groups, two hundred fifty term size babies with birth weight below tenth percentile of gestational age and two hundred fifty control term size babies of normal birth weight were born during the same period from the first of January till the eighteenth of September 1998. The objective of this study is to determine the factors causing intrauterine growth retardation in Basrah.A higher incidence of previous abortion and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) were found among the cases (mothers carrying IUGR babies and that anaemia, hypertension, preeclampsia (PE) and antepartum haemorrhage (APH) were the common complications occurs in mother with IUGR babies.It was found that younger mother and shorter one gives birth to lighter babies than older one and IUGR was common among primigravidia mother.The majority of cases of IUGR in Basrah were found among the low socioeconomic class and being illiterate.
Extraction and purification of alpha- hemolysin which producing by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from different Clinical samples
Authors: Falih Hassen Talib
Published: January 2024

Four hindered seventy six clinical samples were collected from patients since June 2003 to May 2004 the number of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the samples were 163 isolates as follows : urine 52 isolates , wound swab 38 isolates , ear swab 21 isolates , tonsillar swab 17 isolates. Boil swab 11 isolates and Nasal swab 24 isolates Alpha hemolysin of Staphylococcus aureus isolates was designated by hemolysin assay it was found that 42% ( 70 ) of isolates were alpha- hemolysin producers. The extraction of alpha- hemolysin from liquid media from producing isolates was done by cooling centrifugation and purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and gel - filtration chromatography. Activities of purified alpha-hemolysin were detected, it had 2560 HU/ml the optimum temperature of alpha - hemolysin activity was 20 - 40 C and the optimum incubation period was 14hr. The optimum pH of alpha-hemolysin activity was 7. Cytotoxic activity of alpha - hemolysin against human leukocytes were determined and found the survival ratio of human leukocytes was decreased (38%) after treatment with 15 mg/ml for 30 min. while it lost after treatment with 30 mg/ml for 30 min. too.
The use of oral pentoxifylline HCl in treatment of idiopathic male infertility
Authors: Hamdan alkinany Ali
Published: January 2024

Infertility is a problem affecting about 15% of newly married couples. Twenty five percent of them have no identifiable etiology; idiopathic. A lot of drugs and agents have been used empirically. Pentoxifylline has been used effectively invitor with IVF and ICSI. To asses its efficacy in treatment of idiopathic infertility, oral pentoxifylline HCl (tronteral) has bees prescribed orally to 60 patients with idiopathic infertility. It has been given twice daily for three months, after that a new SFA show no response in the majority of patients. In the nine percent who got some response, no pregnancy occurred.We concluded from this study that oral pentoxifylline is ineffective in treatment of idiopathic infertility.
Effect of Formula and Breast Milk Feeding on Random Blood Sugar Values in Healthy, Full Term Babies, in 1st 48 hours after Birth
Authors: Emad Ahmad Thamer , Ahmad Kamel Ashraf
Published: January 2024

In our study, we tried to discuss the effect of type of feeding on random blood sugar and whether it can be considered as a cause of hypoglycemia. To achieve this, we measured random blood sugar of 100 full term healthy newborn babies using, a blood glucose monitor device called GlucutrendÂ® 2,all of them were delivered by caesarean section as such deliveries stay in the hospital for at least 48 hours and therefore this makes them easy to be followed-up. Among them, 48 babies were milk formula fed and 52 babies were breast-fed .The random blood sugar was measured at specific times after birth. It was found that whether in males or in females or all, there was no significant statistical difference in random blood sugar values at each specific time between babies who were formula-fed as compared to those who were breast-fed. The study showed also that random blood sugar is increasing with time by the effect of feeding .Of the 100 babies studied, only 6 suffered from hypoglycemia presented by jitteriness. However, there was no significant statistical difference between random blood sugar values of hypoglycemic babies who were breast-fed as compared to hypoglycemic babies who were formula-fed. The range at which hypoglycemia showed symptoms presented by jitteriness are around 35-40 mg/dl during the 1st 10 hours after birth. However, the study also showed that hypoglycemia has no standard level but depends on signs and symptoms because some babies did not present with jitteriness at this level.
Aetiology of Hoarseness in Patients above 40 Years Old
Authors: Yaqoub Yousef Raid
Published: January 2024

This study is designed to determine the most common causes of hoarseness in patients above 40 years of age and the relationship between hoarseness causes and its duration. The study is prospective in nature. It considers 80 patients with hoarseness who were assessed between April 2006 and April 2008 at my own clinic and at E.N.T. outpatient clinic, Department of Otolaryngology in AL-Diwiania Teaching Hospital, in Al-Diwaniya City, Iraq.Out of the 80 patients, 57 had hoarseness because of non neoplastic causes, giving an incidence of 71.25% (Infective laryngitis n=23,28.75%, Acid laryngitis n=17,21.25% , Allergic laryngitis n=13,16.25%, Vocal cord palsy n=2,2.5%, Psychogenic n=2,2.5% Traumatic n=0,0%, Rienkeâ€™s oedema n=0,0% ) while hoarseness occurs in the remaining 23 patients due to neoplastic causes, giving an incidence of 28.75% (laryngeal carcinoma n=12,15%,Polyp n=6,7.5%, Nodule n=3,3.75%, Cyst n=1,1.25%, Granuloma n=1,1.25%, Benign tumor n=0,0%). We also found that hoarse patients for a duration of more than one month were likely to have a neoplastic cause more than non neoplastic cause. The incidence of non neoplastic causes of hoarseness in patients more than 40 years old are more common than neoplastic causes. Moreover, hoarse patients who have a longer duration of hoarseness have a more chance to have neoplastic cause than non neoplastic cause.
Five years experience in inguinal hernia repair using local anesthesia
Authors: Shaker Al Tamimi Adel , Mosa Al â€“ Rekabi Adel
Published: January 2024

Background : Groin hernia is a common pathologic entity, and its incidence is high in adults older than 65. Further, geriatric patients who are candidates for herniorrhaphy often have concomitant diseases that increase the surgical risk. Cardiovascular, pulmonary, and urinary complications can occur after hernioplasty, especially if the procedure is performed under general or spinal anesthesia. Conversely, patients who receive local anesthesia do not generally have serious intra- or postoperative complications.Objectives: the study is designed to assess several parameters that might support the benefit or the adverse from using local anesthesia during repair of inguinal hernia.

Methods : during the period from February 2002 to October 2007, one hundred thirty six patients with inguinal hernia attending Baghdad and Al Diwaniya teaching hospitals were managed by surgical repair utilizing local anesthesia. Most patients were managed by hernioplasty using Lichtenstien repair or suture less method , few patients were managed by herniorraphy using Darn repair , in all patients local anesthetic were used initially for inguinal field block. The choice of local anesthesia was limited to patients who are partially or totally unfit for general anesthesia.Results : In our study 64.7%of patients have excellent intra operative pain control while 3% were converted to other mode of anesthesia , regarding post operative pain control 93.8% of those in whom bupivacain was used they need only simple oral analgesics as compared to 89.3%of patients in whom Lidocain was used , they require an injectable analgesics including narcotic one. Regarding the best approach to repair inguinal hernia it is found that suture less method is the most appropriate when local anesthesia is selected . Regarding technical difficulties occasionally arise during reduction of the contents and improper retraction during surgery .The rate of conversion to other mode of anesthesia was 11.8 %. Limitations of using local anesthesia are large irreducible hernia and when there are signs and symptoms of strangulation.Conclusion : local anesthesia is effective method in inguinal hernia repair , especially when bupivacaine is used.The advantage of using prosthetic materials for repair is to add simplicity and quickness for the operation while using local anesthetic drugs .Aim of the study : To evaluate the feasibility and safety and effectiveness of local anesthesia during inguinal hernia repair .
Solid renal masses: use of spiral Computed tomography for Differentiation between benign and malignant lesions
Authors: A. Hadi Taj-Aldean Kassim , H.Mahmood Emad
Published: January 2024

objective: To determine whether CT images on the basis of their morphologic features and enhancement patterns. could help accurately distinguish benign renal masses from malignant .patients and Methods : Between April 2006 and February 2009, 80 consecutive patients (age range, 1â€“65 years; 50 male, 30 female) suspected to have renal mass by physical examination ,underwent ultrasound examination to evaluate the mass ,whether cystic or solid. Only patients with solid renal mass documented with US were included in the study then preoperative renal CT. All CT studies evaluated the mass about the pattern and degree of enhancement, lesion contour, presence of neovascularity, and calcifications .Results: Of the 80 renal masses (median size, 3.4 cm; range, 1.1â€“20.0 cm) included in this study, 30 (37 %) were benign and 50 (63 %) were malignant. of benign 14 (47%)patients have abscess and 16(54 %) have angiomyolipoma , while malignant tumor classified as clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) 28 (56 %) , papillary lesions 16 (32 %) and 6 (12 %) Wilm's tumors. abscess most commonly classified as hypodense with peripheral enhancement while Clear cell RCC most commonly manifested with a mixed enhancement pattern of both hypervascular soft-tissue components and low-attenuation areas that corresponded to necrotic or cystic changes ,whereas the homogeneous and peripheral enhancing patterns were more predictive of less aggressive papillary . Clear cell RCCs tended to be hypervascular and angiomyolipomas tended to enhance moderately, and papillary lesions were mostly hypovascular.

Conclusion: Certain imaging features and the degree of enhancement may be helpful in differentiation of renal masses .
The microorganism and underlying urological anomalies causing the urinary tract infection in the children attended the pediatric surgery clinic at the maternity and children teaching hospital al-qadisiya\ iraq
Authors: J. Aboud Mohammed , Mohammed Kadhim Manal , Mohammed Kadhim Manal
Published: January 2024

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common infections in children. UTI related morbidity remains high despite the use of numerous effective antibacterial agents . The sample of this study was conducted in the pediatric surgery unit at the Maternity and Children Teaching Hospital , Al-Diwaniya ( Iraq) and from the 1st of August 2005 to the end of July 2008. All the patients presenting with UTI to the outpatient clinic or to the surgical ward were investigated prospectively . The aim of this study was to determine how many patients had underlying urological abnormalities, the specific type of abnormality, and the microorganism causing the UTI in the patients with or without urological anomalies.There were 78 (70.9%) girls and 32 (29%) boys , 19 (17.2%) were between 0-1 year, 68 (61.8%) were at an age between 1-5 years, and 23 (20.9%) were more than 5 years of age. Forty seven (42.7%) of these patients had abnormal urological findings. Of 78 girls, 31 (39.7%) had urological abnormalities. Sixteen children had VUR as an only abnormality. The distribution of abnormalities showed some changes by age and sex. Bacteriuria (>105 bacteria per milliliter of urine) was found in 44 (40%) of patients. The most common bacterial agent of urinary infections was E. coli (61.3%) of total isolates in both sexes , it was the most common pathogen among all patients (those with urological abnormalities and those without). There was no difference in the distribution of microorganisms in patients with and without urological anomalies. The diagnosis of UTI in young children is important as it is a marker for urinary tract abnormalities. A child with a suspected UTI should have a urine culture and colony count performed in order to identify organisms for confirmation of diagnosis and recommend prompt treatment to reduce UTI related morbidity and mortality in children.
A comparative study to find the effect of hypertension on physical parameters for intra cerebral hemorrhage buy using spiral CT- scan technique
Authors: Hassen Rhaf Mayadah
Published: January 2024

CT offers high diagnostic capability. The project is related to the intra cerebral hemorrhage which means bleeding that occurs directly into the brain parenchyma. Hypertension high blood pressure (140 / 90 mmhg or higher) is the most important risk factor for all types of stroke; including cerebral infarction, irrespective of sex, race, or nationality. The aim of this research is to study the effect of hypertension to the physical parameters for patients with intra cerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The study enrolled 24 subjects without any problem (10 males and 14 females) with a mean age of( 61.25 Â± 6.4285) years with age between 41-72 years, and 20 subjects with hypertension (12 males and 8 females) with a mean age of (59.45 Â± 10.44)years with age between 40-75 years. Many physical parameters have been measured (Lateral ventricle diameter, length, area, volume, cerebral radius, Head circumference, Left and right dilatation ratio). The results show that the physical parameters measurements with age have directly proportional except the radius and diameters which is inversely proportional with subject , s age in two study grops. The mean value in left side of all physical parameters measurements is larger than right side exept the lateral ventrical volum and area. Gender with all physical parameters measurements has weakly relation.Clear physical parametres measurements changes are with age period (70-75).
The effect of Atracurium on the pulse rate during rapid tracheal intubation
Authors: Mahbuba Jaafer , Talib Al-Nafakh Rana
Published: January 2024

The atracurium dibesilate is intermediate muscle relaxant and has a little effect on heart rate .The aim of this is project is to study the effect of atracurium dibesilate on the pulse rate during rapid tracheal intubation . Materials and method: 25 cases ASA I (American society of anesthesiology .class I) , different surgeries , the same anesthesia technique ,both sexes in AlSader teaching hospital .Result and discussion: from this study we show reading of pulse rate during three situation (pre-induction â€“ and maintenance of anesthesia) with atracurium dibesilate during rapid tracheal intubation we notice there is not significant changes in pulse rate.Conclusion:from this project we conclude that atracurium associated with little increase in heart rate so it is preferable to be used in patients with heart diseases and elderly patients.
Measles Epidemic In Adults In Diwaniah Governorate
Authors: Reheem H. AL-Barqawi Aqeel
Published: January 2024

Background: Measles is a highly infectious viral disease for which humans are the only reservoir and is highly preventable through vaccination.It is rare disease of Adults, large number of cases were observed during the late 2008 in adult patient.Objectives: to study the abnormal and large epidemic of measles cases in adults in al-diwania city.Results: 368 of measles cases was admitted to infectious unit in aldiwania teaching hospital most of cases were male(58%) of cases, most of cases between the age of 16-25 yrs. (50%).vaccinated patient comprise just(34%) of cases, pneumonia was the most common complication.Aim of the study:To address the abnormal and unexpected epidemic of measles cases in adult patients after the age of 16 years old in ALâ€“ Diwaniya city .
Staphylococcus Aureus Nasal Carriage Among Medical Staff In AL-Nasiriyah Teaching Hospital ,Thi-Qar,Iraq.
Authors: K. AL-Omer Dheaa , N.Al-Yassiri Hameed
Published: January 2024

Background : nasal carrier of Staphylococcus aureus is a common health problem world wide.Objective: The present study was conducted to assess the epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriers among hospital staff in AN- Nasiriyah teaching Hospital ,Thi-Qar ,Iraq. Patients and methods: Nasal swabs were taken from each of 140 personnel. After culturing on blood agar for overnight, probablestaphylococcal isolates were identified and subjected to tube Coagulase test. After a two-week interval, second nasal swabs were taken from the subjects whose first cultures were positive for S. aureus.Results: Nasal carriage was defined in 31 (22.14%) personnel with positive culture for both sampling time. 74.19% are penicillin resistant, most of them are methicillin sensitive but 2 cases (1.43%) are thicillin resistant Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage is a common health problem all over the world and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is an emerging subject even in our community ,which requires further attention and support.
Clinco-Biochemical Profile Of Neonatal Seizures
Authors: M.Al.Marzoki Jasim
Published: January 2024

Background: Neonatal seizures are the most prominent feature of neurological dysfunction during neonatal period. Neonatal seizures occur within the first 4 weeks of life in a full-term infant and up to 44 weeks from conception for premature infant. Neonatal seizures are occurring in approximately 1.8 â€“ 3.5 / 1000 live birth.Objectives: To study clinical types, time of onset and to determine the etiology of neonatal seizures.Methods: Out of eighty eight full term and preterm neonates with seizure at neonatal care unit and general wards of Babylon Gynecology and Pediatrics teaching hospital were studied prospectively in regard to clinco-biochemical profile of neonatal seizures from period 1st of May 2009 to 1st of December 2009.Results: Eighty eight full term and preterm neonates, (95.4%) of them were term and (4.6%) were preterm. The most common cause of neonatal convulsion was metabolic disturbances collectively constitute (47.7%).The other causes were asphyxia (15.4%),meningitis (6.6%),structural abnormalities (4.4%) and unknown cause (27.2%). Tonic type occurred in (100%) of preterm patients while in term patients, (31.8â„…) of them were subtle type ,followed by tonic type (24.3â„…) , focal clonic (16.2â„…),generalized tonic clonic (11.3â„…) and multi focal clonic type(11.3â„…). 80â„… of hypoglycemia occurred in male patients.Conclusions: The commonest cause of seizure was metabolic abnormalities. Subtle seizures were the commonest type of seizure observed in term babies and tonic seizures were the most commonest type in preterm babies in this studyRecommendations: Metabolic abnormalities should be excluded in every case of neonatal seizure. Improving of thelaboratory services and the availability of other investigations must be available. Proper fetal monitoring during labor is recommended to avoid birth asphyxia .
Efficacy of Diluted Betadine Solution Irrigation in the Prevention of Postoperative Infection of Spinal Surgery
Authors: Noori Hafdh Anwer , Abbas Obaidi Zuhair , Majeed Osama
Published: January 2024

Background: Deep wound infection is a serious complication of spinal surgery that can jeopardize patient outcomes and increase costs. Povidone iodine is a widely used antiseptic with bactericidal activity against a wide spectrum of pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of diluted betadine irrigation of spinal surgical wounds in prevention of postoperative wound infection. Patients and Methods: One hundred patients of both sex aged 25-65 years old were enrolled in this prospective study. The patients were randomized in to two equal groups. In group 1 (50 patients), surgical wounds were irrigated with diluted betadine solution (3.5% betadine) before wound closure. In group 2(50 patients), the wounds were not irrigated and serve as a control. Otherwise, perioperative management was the same for both groups.Results: Mean length of follow-up was 24 months in both groups (range, 12â€“24 months). No wound infection occurred in group 1. One superficial infection (2%) and six deep infections (12%) occurred in group 2.Conclusions: Diluted Betadine effectively prevents spinal surgery wound infection therefore it is recommended to use this simple and inexpensive antiseptic substance following spinal surgery.
HER-2/neu overexpression in correlation to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ,grade and stage of Non other wised specified Invasive ductal carcinoma
Authors: A. AL-Dujaily Esraa , H. Al-Kelabi Liwaa , Jabir Neima Alkhafaji Ali , S.M.Al-Harris Esraah
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to assess the significance of human epidermal growth factor (HER-2/neu) protein overexpression and its possible correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),grade and stage in human non otherwise specified breast cancer. The present investigation was performed over a period starting from November 2008 to January 2009 .Formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks from 30 patients with breast cancer were included in this study. A group of 15 patients with benign breast lesions (fibroadenoma) was included as a comparative group and 15 normal breast tissue sections were included as control group. Labeled Streptavidin-Biotin Complex (LSAB) method was employed for immunohistochemical detection of HER-2/neu. Avidin-Biotin Complex (ABC) method was employed for immunohistochemical detection of VEGF . A total of 30 malignant cases were included.HER2/neu was considered as positive in(18 cases)60% of non otherwise specified invasive ductal carcinoma and VEGF was considered as positive in (21cases)70% with concomitant positivity of both markers in more than half (16 cases)53.3% out of 30 malignant cases . No overexpression of both markers have been noticed in normal or benign (fibroadenoma) breast tissue sections with significant difference from that of malignant cases(P<0.05).We did not find any significant difference between overexpression of both(HER-2/neu and VEGF) in relation to age ,tumor size ,tumor stage and positive or negative lymph node breast cancer cases (P>0.05). However there was positive relation between HER-2/neu overexpression and the grade of tumor (P<0.05) ,while there was no significant difference between VEGF overexpression and the tumor grade(P>0.05).HER-2/neu overexpression was positively correlated with VEGF immunostaining in relation to grade and stage (P<0.05).

Based upon the findings of this study, it can be concluded that both HER-2/neu and VEGF play an important role in the pathogenesis of non other wised specified breast cancer and supports the evidence of its role in evolution ,angiogenesis and cell survival of this aggressive tumor . This study recommended that the blocking of both HER-2/neu and VEGF may be a target for blocking the evolution and angiogenesis and hence improving the efficacy of anti cancer therapy against this aggressive type of breast cancer.
Evaluation of Some Immunological Tests for Early Diagnosis of Bacterial Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Kadhim AlMousawi Jaafar , Mohammed Kadhim Manal
Published: January 2024

Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of death in newborns despite sophisticated neonatal intensive care. This crosssection study was done on 69 neonates with suspected sepsis who were admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Maternity and Child Teaching Hospital at AL-Diwaniya city, and 20 healthy neonates as a (control group) in the period from March to October 2009. This study was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic value of some immunological marker such as (CRP,IL-6, IL-8,TNF- Î±, in the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis prior to the blood culture ( the golden standard test). The culture positivity rate 20 (28.9%) among suspected sepsis neonates, the male more affected than female among proven sepsis. it was found that the median concentration of CRP, TNF-Î±, IL-8, IL-6 decreased in order of definitive infection, clinical sepsis and healthy subjects respectively (P<0.001), and found that the TNF-Î± (â‰¥65.4pg/l) followed by IL-8 (â‰¥60.9pg/l) were better than IL-6 and CRP with sensitivity of (80%) and (75%) respectively and negative predictive value of (97%) and (94.1%) respectively when used as a tests to predict culture positive sepsis cases differentiating them from culture negative sepsis cases .
Assessment of Citicoline protection against seizure induced in the rabbits
Authors: Sabah Hassan Ekhlas , Rasoul Ammar , Abdul Khadim Hussein
Published: January 2024

Seizure is a big neurological health problem affect about 1% of the general population causing significant social, health, and economic burdens that necessities further evaluations of more effective treatment for this disorder. In a trial of assessing the phospholipid derived citicoline protection against neurological and metabolic sequalaes of seizure, a rabbit model was prepared by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of xylocaine in comparison with xylocaine given together with citicoline in another group of rabbits. Clinical monitoring of convulsions together with physiographic electroencephalogram ( EEG ) recording and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase ( CPK ) parameters were evaluated. There was a significant protection against development of convulsion obtained in citicoline given group. Moreover citicoline significantly protected against EEG synchronization in that just 30 +/- 7 microV at upper alpha band(10-11.5 Hz) has been obtained which was within normal limits in comparison with xylocaine alone : 60 +/- 11 microV at theta 4-7.5 Hz band and 55 +/- 8 microV at gamma 20-45Hz ; P<0.05. Significant reductions in serum CPK and serum LDH were also attributed to administration of citicoline, P<0.05 .In conclusion : citicoline has beneficial protective effects against seizures and convulsion in a lower therapeutic dose.