bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Routine use proportion and determining factors of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure in the real-world setting: A retrospective cross-sectional study in Japan
Authors: Sawada Tatsunori , Tomori Kounosuke , Kimori Yumi , Kato Moe , Wakabayashi Minori , Ohno Kanta , Seike Yosuke , Saito Yuki
Published: March 2020

Introduction

The aim of this retrospective cross-sectional study is to examine the routine use proportion and factors determining the use of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure in the real-world subacute rehabilitation setting.

Methods

This study retrospectively collected data from all inpatients and occupational therapists at a single Japanese subacute rehabilitation ward during 2017, including Functional Independence Measure motor/cognitive scores, years of experience, and rate of Canadian Occupational Performance Measure administration (that is, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure proportion). Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify the determining factors of daily routine Canadian Occupational Performance Measure use/non-use, after which cut-off values were calculated.

Results

Of the 619 included clients, the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure was applied in 232 cases (37%). A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed two significant determining factors of its use: Canadian Occupational Performance Measure proportion (odds ratio, 1.06) and Functional Independence Measure cognitive item (odds ratio, 1.22). The cut-off value, sensitivity, and specificity, respectively, were 35.4%, 0.73, and 0.36 ( p < 0.0001) for the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure proportion and 25.5, 0.84, and 0.45 ( p < 0.0001) for the Functional Independence Measure cognitive score.

Conclusion

The client’s high-level cognitive skill and occupational therapist’s attitude may determine the use of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure.
A review of mobile applications to enhance coaching in occupational therapy
Authors: Setoguchi Miranda , Motruk Sylvia , Frank Veronica , Kessler Dorothy
Published: March 2020

Introduction

The use of mobile applications (apps) in healthcare is increasing. Apps can promote access to services and support health behaviour change. Apps may be useful to support coaching in occupational therapy; however, information to support the selection of these apps is lacking. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate apps for the potential use of augmenting coaching in occupational therapy.

Methods

Apps were identified through systematic searches in iTunes and Google Play stores. The identified apps were evaluated against pre-determined usability criteria.

Results

Following screening and evaluation, 36 apps were identified as meeting the established criteria and therefore being potentially clinically useful. From these, 14 were chosen to discuss in depth based on their clinical utility and overall features.

Conclusions

The apps highlighted may be useful in occupational therapy coaching practice. The evaluation criteria used provide a framework to consider app usability; however, validation is needed.
Acute treatment patterns in patients with migraine newly initiating a triptan
Authors: Lipton Richard B , Marcus Steven C , Shewale Anand R , Dodick David W , Viswanathan Hema N , Doshi Jalpa A
Published: March 2020

Background

Triptans are the most commonly used acute treatment for migraine. This study evaluated real-world treatment patterns following an initial triptan prescription to understand refill rates and use of non-triptan medications for the acute treatment of migraine.

Methods

Commercially-insured adult patients over 18 years of age with a triptan prescription between 1/1/2013 to 31/12/2013 were identified from the Optum Clinformatics™ Data Mart database, with date of the first triptan fill designated as index date. Inclusion was limited to those with no fills for a triptan in the 12 months prior to index date (i.e. new users or initiators of triptans) and continuous enrollment in the 12 months pre- and 24 months post-index date. Fills for index triptan, non-index triptan, and other acute treatments for migraine were assessed for up to 24 months post-index.

Results

Among 10,509 patients, 50.8% did not refill the initial triptan within 12 months and 43.6% did not refill within 24 months. In the 12 months post-index, 90.5% of patients used only one type of triptan, 8.4% used two different triptans, and 1.0% used three or more triptans. Among patients with and without a triptan refill, use of opioids (39% vs. 42%), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (22% vs. 22%), and butalbital-containing products (9% vs. 10%) were similar.

Conclusion

More than half of those who newly initiated a triptan did not refill their initial prescription, and less than 1 in 10 used two or more triptans within 12 months. High rates of non-triptan acute medication use were found over 12 and 24 months of follow-up, most commonly opioids.
Roadway Safety Management in Small Municipalities
Authors: Claros Boris , Chitturi Madhav , Bill Andrea , Noyce David A.
Published: March 2020

Roadway safety management consists of network screening, diagnosis, countermeasure selection, economic appraisal, prioritization, and safety effectiveness. Application of the safety management process is limited in small municipalities because of data, statistical expertise, and resources required. This paper addresses the challenges faced by small jurisdictions and illustrates the implementation of the safety management process for local agencies in the Madison metropolitan area in Wisconsin. Jurisdiction-specific crash prediction models were developed by intersection type using data from over 4,000 intersections. Performance measures included the Equivalent Property Damage Only (EPDO) average crash frequency with Empirical Bayes adjustments and the Level of Service of Safety (LOSS). Wisconsin Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System (CODES) data was used to estimate local crash costs by severity and type. Sites were provisionally ranked in network screening, and diagnosis was automated based on intersection-observed crash types and distributions. Potential treatments were selected for each intersection and costs of treatments were obtained from local estimates and available literature. Crash cost benefit and treatment cost were used to estimate benefit–cost ratio (B/C) by site. A combination of sites that had the greatest overall cost-effective safety benefit on the network were selected through an incremental optimization process. This paper contributes to existing practice by illustrating the development of jurisdiction-specific crash prediction models, integration of pedestrian and cyclist crashes, application of EPDO and LOSS performance measures, and selection of sites with promise through an incremental optimization process for a given budget and resources available at the local level.
FW-PBIS Framework Implementation and Facility Climate Perspectives Through the Lens of Youth in Secure Juvenile Facilities: A Pilot Study
Authors: Jolivette Kristine , Sprague Jeffrey R. , Swoszowski Nicole C. , McIntosh Kent , Sanders Sara
Published: March 2020

A shift from reactive and punitive practices in secure juvenile facilities has prompted facilities in the United States to adopt multitiered systems of support such as facility-wide positive behavioral interventions and supports (FW-PBIS) to address climate and culture concerns. To date, most implementation efforts have focused on defining adult behaviors and systems. There is limited understanding of the role of youth voice related to adoption and implementation of the advocated practices. This pilot study sought to understand youth perspectives of FW-PBIS implementation as viewed through the lens of facility/organizational climate assessment. We piloted a facility climate survey for use in juvenile facilities and conducted focus group sessions to capture youth voice. Facilitator and barrier themes related to facility climate with FW-PBIS implementation were identified. Implications for practice, as well as limitations and future directions for research, are discussed.
Ports and economic activities in Galicia at the end of the early modern period
Authors: Castelao Ofelia Rey , Hurtado Manuel-Reyes García
Published: March 2020

This article explores three dimensions of the commercial and industrial activities developed in Galicia – a region located in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula – in the second half of the eighteenth century. First, the complex features of the Atlantic and Cantabrian coastline and the difficulties in ensuring adequate access to ports; second, knowledge of these conditions by the authorities of the Spanish Crown and by potential foreign parties interested in using these ports; and third, the location of the economic activities that came to be developed. We shall also consider whether the measures introduced to stimulate the economy had the desired effect, especially for industry. To this end we have drawn on the existing literature – focusing on three ports and on the merchants and industrialists – and sources found in Spanish and French national archives, as well as reports and descriptions published in the period studied
David Clark: Defender of Human Rights and Breastfeeding
Authors: Grummer-Strawn Laurence M. , Clark David Lawson
Published: March 2020

On September 10, I had the pleasure of interviewing my friend and colleague David Lawson Clark, the legal advisor for infant and young child nutrition and expert on the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes at UNICEF. A native of Scotland, David began his career as an attorney with the Scottish Development Agency and subsequently worked for the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute in Rome, Italy. Since 1995, David has assisted more than 60 countries in drafting legislation to implement the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes and has been instrumental in bringing a human rights-based approach to the protection, promotion, and support of breastfeeding. He has contributed to the development of international policy guidelines in the area of HIV and infant feeding and infant feeding in emergencies, and has provided guidance on issues around international trade agreements and intellectual property rights. David has written and contributed to many articles and publications on health and nutrition policy, developed courses and training materials on the implementation of the International Code and maternity protection, and has facilitated numerous workshops on the issue. (LGS refers to Dr. Laurence Grummer-Strawn and DC are the verbatim responses of David Clark)
Back to the Breast: An Historical Overview of the Perceived Connections Between Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Breastfeeding
Authors: Cowgill Brittany
Published: March 2020

In the late 19th century, physicians in the United States and Europe grew concerned about an increasingly visible subset of infant mortality: sudden infant death. Over the next 100 years, physicians worked variably to combat the problem, modifying and refining their conceptions of sudden infant mortality many times over the process. Physicians’ overlapping revisions of sudden infant mortality ultimately helped to produce the categorization of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), and their ensuing, fluctuating efforts to resolve this problem shed light on social and medical perceptions of the roles that biology, the environment, and infant care practices played in sudden infant death. SIDS’s official medical classification was a watershed; not only did the formal medical label establish its “authenticity” as a medical phenomenon, but the label also asserted the inexplicability of (at least some) sudden infant death episodes while simultaneously conveying that affected parents were deserving victims of a tragic loss. In the modern history of sudden infant death in the United States, breastfeeding, in particular, was understood variably as a possible cause for unnecessary infant mortality in the decades surrounding 1900; inconsequential to the occurrence of SIDS in the mid 1900s; and finally as an important and healthful way to reduce the risk for SIDS beginning in the late 1900s.
Social Networking for Interpersonal Life: A Competence-Based Approach to the Rich Get Richer Hypothesis
Authors: Bouchillon Brandon C.
Published: March 2020

Online and offline interactions are thought to draw from separate but complementary skill sets. This explains why individuals who are competent interpersonally tend to get more out of social networking. At least part of what they already know about interacting applies online. But whether computer-based competence has some bearing on real-world interactional capability is still open to debate. The present study tested associations between computer-mediated communication (CMC) competence and interpersonal competence over time. Results indicate that CMC competence was related to interpersonal competence and interpersonal contributed back to CMC competence. The forms of competence become mutually reinforcing. Using Facebook contributed to CMC competence as well, but not to interpersonal competence, at least not directly. Facebook use was related to interpersonal competence indirectly, through increasing CMC competence over time. Social networking is associated with feeling more capable of interacting through computers, and online proficiency has some application in the real world. This is good news for a withdrawn society that has become less competent socially. Developing either form of competence should contribute to its counterpart.
Minor preoccupations, major endeavors: The community of poets and painters
Authors: Russo Adelaide M
Published: March 2020

In Au fond des images (2003), Jean-Luc Nancy introduces concepts about the image, pertinent to understanding the minor genre of poets’ writings on painting. Nancy begins by stating that the image is sacred, clarifying that the sacred should not be confused with the religious, which is based on rituals. The sacred signifies that which is separated, excluded, distanced. The image’s attraction is derived from this, from its untouchable nature. Because of its separation from the viewer, the image inspires a desire for intimacy, and draws the spectator to it. Poets’ texts on painting constitute minor forms: prefaces to catalogs, criticism, or poems that are verbal transpositions of visual objects ( ekphrasis). These minor forms often express major preoccupations. In this essay, we address Mark Strand, Michel Deguy, Nicolas Pesquès, Yves Bonnefoy, and T. Alan Broughton from this perspective of a desire for contact in their efforts to develop their aesthetic and ethical principles through the gaze.
Regional ‘innovation systems’ vis-à-vis ‘innovation support systems’ – Is clarification needed?
Authors: Swenberg Thorbjörn , Kostela Johan , Saveljeff Sigrid
Published: March 2020

How language is used has political implications as well as communicational consequences. Regional development, using means of systematic support for innovation, is a widespread phenomenon globally that also includes numerous political ambitions and implications. This article argues that ambiguities regarding the use of terms such as ‘innovation system’ and ‘innovation support system’ need to be clarified to improve communication in this field, as well as to reveal underlying political ideas on how systematic support for innovation should be carried out, by drawing on examples from studies of regional systems. Such ambiguities contribute significantly to the often-mentioned lack of involvement and engagement in regional development on the part of higher education institutions and academics. Examining key terms and concepts of this discourse, in the interests of promoting a common and stringent use of terminology, helps to illuminate whether the desired academic involvement in innovation processes relates to ideation, implementation and commercialization, or to support for processes through the contribution of knowledge and expertise.
Study of turbulent flow past a square cylinder using partially-averaged Navier–Stokes method in OpenFOAM
Authors: Chakraborty Arnab , Warrior HV
Published: March 2020

The present paper reports numerical simulation of turbulent flow over a square cylinder using a novel scale resolving computational fluid dynamics technique named Partially-Averaged Navier–Stokes (PANS), which bridges Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) with Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) in a seamless manner. All stream-wise and wall normal mean velocity components, turbulent stresses behavior have been computed along the flow (streamwise) as well as in transverse (wall normal) direction. The measurement locations are chosen based on the previous studies so that results could be compared. However, the Reynolds number ( Re) of the flow is maintained at 21,400 and K– ω turbulence model is considered for the present case. All the computations are performed in OpenFOAM framework using a finite volume solver. Additionally, turbulent kinetic energy variations are presented over a wide range of measurement planes in order to explain the energy transfer process in highly unsteady turbulent flow field. The fluctuating root mean square velocities in the streamwise as well as in the wall normal direction have been discussed in the present work. It has been found that Partially-Averaged Navier–Stokes (PANS) model is capable of capturing the properties of highly unsteady turbulent flows and gives better results than Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS). The results obtained using Partially-Averaged Navier–Stokes (PANS) are quite comparable with Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) data available in literature. The partially-averaged Navier–Stokes results are compared with our simulated Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) results, available experimental as well as numerical results in literature and it is found to be good in agreement.
Numerical study on the effect of damaged windows on aerodynamic characteristics of passenger trains under strong crosswind
Authors: Niu Jiqiang , Wang Yueming , Liu Feng
Published: March 2020

Sand and gravel blown up by strong wind will cause damage to windows. Following up, it will cause the change in the flow field around a train immediately, which has a significant impact on the aerodynamic performance of the train. Delayed detached-eddy simulation based on the shear stress transport κ-ω turbulence model was used to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of passenger vehicles under crosswind, and the effect of damaged windows on the train aerodynamic performance and flow field around the train was analyzed and compared. The grid generation and numerical method are verified in the previous studies. Results show that the aerodynamic performance of a passenger vehicle is significantly affected by damaged windows on both sides of the passenger vehicle, both the aerodynamic lateral force and overturning moment of the passenger vehicle were decreased, and this has a small effect on the aerodynamic performance of the downstream passenger vehicle. Fluctuation of the aerodynamic lift, lateral force, and overturning moment of a vehicle with damaged windows on both sides of the vehicle is significantly increased. Damaged windows do not change the existence of the main vortices around vehicles, but the size, location, and strength of the main vortices are obviously changed, especially when windows on both sides of the vehicle are damaged. Therefore, when windows on the windward side of the vehicles are damaged, opening or broking windows on the leeward side of the vehicles will help reduce the risk of vehicles overturning and derailment.
The effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on morphine-induced memory impairments in rat: EGCG effects on morphine neurotoxicity
Authors: Saffar S , Fatemi I , Rahmani M , Hassanshahi J , Sahamsizadeh A , Allahtavakoli M , Sheibani V , Kaeidi A
Published: March 2020

Aim of study:

This investigation evaluated the capacity of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) as the main polyphenolic compound in the green tea extract against memory impairment and neurotoxicity in morphine-treated rats.

Methods:

To measure the EGCG effect (5 and 50 mg/kg, i.p., co-treated with morphine) on spatial learning and memory of morphine-administrated male Wistar rats (45 mg/kg, s.c., 4 weeks), the Morris water maze test was used. Some apoptotic protein levels (Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase 3) were evaluated in the hippocampus tissue by the Western blot test. Also, oxidative stress status (malondialdehyde level, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activity) was measured in hippocampus tissue.

Results:

The data presented that EGCG treatment (50 mg/kg) inhibited the morphine-induced memory deficits in rats. Also, EGCG administration reduced the apoptosis and oxidative stress in the hippocampus of morphine-treated rats.

Conclusions:

Our data indicate that EGCG can improve memory in morphine-treated rats. Molecular mechanisms underlying the detected effects could be related to the prevention of apoptosis and oxidative stress in the hippocampus of morphine-treated rats.
The 35th NIR Forum (Japan)
Authors: Tsuchikawa Satoru
Published: March 2020

This is a report about the 35th NIR Forum organized by the Japan Council for Near Infrared Spectroscopy held during the week of 18–20 November 2019 at Tokyo. The meeting was a big success, with 235 participants and 24 sponsors, 16 of whom exhibited their products.
Parent moral distress in serious pediatric illness: A dimensional analysis
Authors: Mooney-Doyle Kim , Ulrich Connie M
Published: March 2020

Background:

Moral distress is an important and well-studied phenomenon among nurses and other healthcare providers, yet the conceptualization of parental moral distress remains unclear.

Objective:

The objective of this dimensional analysis was to describe the nature of family moral distress in serious pediatric illness.

Design and methods:

A dimensional analysis of articles retrieved from a librarian-assisted systematic review of Scopus, CINAHL, and PsychInfo was conducted, focusing on how children, parents, other family members, and healthcare providers describe parental moral distress, both explicitly through writings on parental moral experience and implicitly through writings on parental involvement in distressing aspects of the child’s serious illness.

Ethical considerations:

To promote child and family best interest and minimize harm, a nuanced understanding of the moral, existential, emotional, and spiritual impact of serious pediatric illness is needed. The cases used in this dimensional analysis come from the first author’s IRB approved study at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and subsequent published studies; or have been adapted from the literature and the authors’ clinical experiences.

Findings:

Three dimensions emerged from the literature surrounding parent moral distress: an intrapersonal dimension, an interpersonal dimension, and a spiritual/existential dimension. The overarching theme is that parents experience relational solace and distress because of the impact of their child’s illness on relationships with themselves, their children, family, healthcare providers, their surrounding communities, and society.

Discussion:

Elucidating this concept can help nurses and other professionals understand, mitigate, or eliminate antecedents to parental moral distress. We discuss how this model can facilitate future empirical and conceptual bioethics research, as well as inform the manner in which healthcare providers engage, collaborate with, and care for families during serious pediatric illness.

Conclusion:

Parent moral distress is an important and complex phenomenon that requires further theoretical and empirical investigation. We provide an integrated definition and dimensional schematic model that may serve as a starting point for future research and dialogue.
Afghanistan Towards Independent Transit Trade: A Decay of Affiliation to Pakistan
Authors: Kakar Ajmal
Published: March 2020

Purpose: Afghanistan has been using the territory of Pakistan for its transit trade purposes since ancient times. Pakistan has always been putting pressure on Afghanistan for providing its transit trade facilities. However, in post 2014 scenario, the National Unity Government of Afghanistan initiated to explore new transit trade routes owing to not fully rely on Pakistani ports. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to reveal that Afghanistan is not solely relying on Pakistan thence.

Design/Methodology: The data used in this article have been retrieved from World Bank and National Statistics and Information Authority of Afghanistan. A graphical analysis and a simple model called Terms of Trade carried out to explain the transit trade affiliation scenario of Afghanistan to Pakistan in pre and post 2014.

Findings: The finding reveals that Afghanistan is no longer relying on Pakistani ports and describes that since 2014 the affiliation to Pakistan has been deteriorated, especially by establishment and inauguration of Chabahar Port, Lapis Lazuli Corridor and the air corridors between Afghanistan and other counties.

Conclusion: The article identifies and explains the Chabahar Port, India–Afghanistan air corridor and the Lapis Lazuli corridor as the finest alternatives to Pakistani transit trade routes.
Mapping Emotions: Exploring the Impact of the Aussie Farms Map
Authors: Barnes Ash , White Rob
Published: March 2020

Counter-mapping refers to the public dissemination by activist groups of maps that visually document particular harms and offenders or sites of justice and prior ownership. Drawing upon green criminology, this article analyses the consequences of using counter-mapping as an activist tool. It examines how media framing of the Aussie Farms map is constructed around particularly polarizing narratives. This interactive map demonstrates the location and proliferation of animal agriculture and animal exploitation industries within Australia. Media framing has generated heated debate among Australian farmers and activists alike by inciting deeply emotional responses to the issues. We explore these common media narratives and their consequences for activists and tools such as counter-maps.
“Sit Yourself Down”: Women’s Experiences of Negotiating Physical Activity During Pregnancy
Authors: Wagnild Janelle M. , Pollard Tessa M.
Published: March 2020

Approaches to understanding why physical activity (PA) tends to decline during pregnancy are generally based on individualized behavioral models, examining “barriers” or “enablers.” In contrast, we used a social practice approach to explore the ways in which women negotiate PA during pregnancy within the contexts and routines of their everyday lives. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 18 pregnant women who had been classed as being at risk of gestational diabetes. We found that leisure-time physical activities were valued as pleasurable and therapeutic, but women’s roles as employees and carers for others often constrained their opportunities for leisure-time PA. Women encountered others’ expectations that they should sit down and slow down. This surveillance was often resisted, as women relied on “listening to the body” as a way to negotiate PA. These findings have important implications for public health strategies or interventions designed to promote PA during pregnancy.
How Grades 4 to 8 Teachers Can Deliver Intensive Vocabulary and Reading Comprehension Interventions to Students With High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Cravalho Danielle A. , Jimenez Zaira , Shhub Aya , Solis Michael
Published: March 2020

This article discusses use of a multicomponent intervention to develop the reading skill and performance of grades 4 to 8 students identified with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. Reading intervention targets for this population are vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension. Reading intervention elements involve explicit vocabulary instruction, repeated reading with sentence-level comprehension, question-answering relationships, and main idea summarization. Included in the article are explicit instructional routines and curricular materials supported by empirical evidence for the intervention elements.
Optimal passive shunted damping configurations for noise reduction in sandwich panels
Authors: Araújo Aurélio L , Aguilar Madeira José F
Published: March 2020

This article addresses the issue of vibration and noise reduction in laminated sandwich plates using piezoelectric patches with passive shunted damping. A finite element implementation of a laminated sandwich plate with viscoelastic core and surface bonded piezoelectric patches is used to obtain the frequency response of the panels. The sound transmission characteristics of the panels are evaluated by computing their radiated sound power using the Rayleigh integral method. Resistor and inductor shunt damping circuits are used to add damping to the sandwich panels. The optimal location of the surface-bonded piezoelectric patches is then obtained, along with the resistor and inductor circuits resistance and inductance, using direct multisearch optimization to minimize added weight, number of patches, and noise radiation. Trade-off Pareto optimal fronts and the respective optimal patch configurations are obtained.
Hospice Use Among Individuals With Severe Persistent Mental Illness
Authors: Hanan Diana M. , Lyons Karen S.
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND: Severe persistent mental illness (SPMI) currently affects an estimated 11.2 million adults in the United States (National Institute of Mental Health, 2019). Affected individuals are known to experience inequities in care, and on average, they die earlier than individuals without SPMI. Currently, little is known about hospice use among individuals with SPMI, including what factors contribute to the use of hospice services. AIMS: The aim of this integrated review was to identify factors associated with the use of hospice services by individuals with SPMI. METHODS: A review of the available literature on this topic was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The databases Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, and PsycInfo were searched, and relevant records were identified. Ultimately, eight studies were identified and selected for analysis. RESULTS: Themes illustrating the factors associated with hospice use and, within them, challenges to obtaining hospice care were discovered. The three themes identified within the eight studies were fragmentation of care, inadequate communication, and the need for advance care planning. These patterns indicated that multiple barriers to utilizing hospice care exist for individuals with SPMI when compared with the general population. CONCLUSIONS: By recognizing and addressing factors influencing the use of hospice care, as well as barriers to receiving hospice, improved provision of timely end-of-life care that is consistent with individuals’ preferences may be facilitated.
Hip arthroscopy for hip osteoarthritis is associated with increased risk for revision after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Malahias Michael-Alexander , Gu Alex , Richardson Shawn S , De Martino Ivan , Sculco Peter K , McLawhorn Alexander S
Published: March 2020

Background:

It has not been determined yet whether hip arthroscopy (HA) leads to adverse outcomes after total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of this study was to (1) determine 2-year conversion rate of HA done for osteoarthritis (OA) to THA and (2) explore the relationship between HA performed in patients with hip osteoarthritis and the risk of revision THA within 2 years of index arthroplasty.

Methods:

Data was collected from the Medicare Standardized Analytic Files insurance database using the PearlDiver Patient Records Database from 2005–2016. Patients were stratified into 2 groups based upon a history of hip arthroscopy prior to THA.

Results:

The 2-year conversion to THA rate for hip arthroscopy in patients with OA was 68.4% (95% CI, 66.2–70.6%). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that OA patients who underwent HA prior to THA were at an increased risk of revision surgery (OR 3.72; 95% CI, 3.15–4.57; p  = 0.012), periprosthetic joint infection (OR 1.86; 95% CI, 1.26–2.77, p  = 0.010) and aseptic loosening (OR 2.81; 95% CI, 1.66–4.76; p  < 0.001) within 2 years of THA.

Conclusions:

Analysis of a large insurance database found the conversion rate from HA performed in Medicare OA patients to THA within 2 years is unacceptably high. Hip arthroscopy prior to THA also significantly increased the risk of THA revision within 2 years after index THA. These results suggest that arthroscopic hip surgery should not be performed in patients with a diagnosis of OA as conversion rates are high and revision rates post THA are significantly increased.
Cannabis Use Disorder Among First-Year Undergraduate Students in Gaborone, Botswana
Authors: Olashore Anthony A , Opondo Philip R , Ogunjumo John A , Ayugi James O
Published: March 2020

Cannabis use disorder (CUD) poses major clinical and public health concerns globally. It is a growing problem among the youth in Botswana, yet little research has been done on this subject. The present study hoped to address this gap in knowledge by determining the prevalence and associated factors of CUD among first-year university students in Botswana. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 410 first-year university undergraduates, using a modified version of the 37-item World Health Organization (WHO) drug questionnaire and DSM-5 criteria for CUD. The mean age of the respondents was 20.8 (SD = 1.5) years, and the male to female ratio was 1:1.1. Of the 401 students whose responses were analyzed, 37(9,2%) had used cannabis at least once in the last 12 months, but only 19 (4.7%) met the DSM-5 criteria for CUD. After binary regression analysis, difficulty in coping with the new environment/academic activities, receiving more than 150 USD monthly were positively associated with CUD, while regular participation in religious activities was negatively associated. CUD was found among the first-year undergraduates studied. Promoting protective activities such as religious activities and strengthening programs that teach students how to cope with academic stress and a new environment would be helpful.
Becoming an empowered parent. How do parents successfully take up their role as a collaborative partner in their child’s specialist care?
Authors: Reeder Jim , Morris Jane
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this article is to offer an improved understanding of how parents of children with long-term disabilities are empowered to successfully take up their role as decision-making partners in the design and delivery of the care of their child. The intention is to stimulate dialogue, encourage reflection and provide practical suggestions for health professionals working with children and their families. The reported findings are from a study which was guided by a constructivist grounded theory methodology. This involved an iterative process of repeated cycles of data collection and analysis, which comprised 12 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 14 parents of children accessing paediatric services within a single National Health Service Trust. A novel model, explaining how the power im/balance and the perceived state of the therapeutic relationship influence how successfully a parent takes up their position in the collaborative partnership, is presented and discussed. It is suggested that by thoughtfully addressing the traditional hierarchy that exists within healthcare, health professionals might facilitate the development of a ‘truly’ therapeutic relationship, which can help promote parental empowerment.
Experimental and finite element study on the single-layer reticulated composite joints
Authors: Zheng Liang , Qin Cheng , Guo Hong , Zhang Dapeng , Zhou Mingtan , Geng Shaobo
Published: March 2020

In this article, a new type of reticulated joint, named the steel–concrete composite reticulated shell joint, is proposed. The proposed reticulated shell joint consists of an inner circular steel pipe, an outer circular steel pipe, a steel cover plate, and internal concrete. Five test specimens were tested under axial compression. The variable study included the wall thickness of the inner and outer circular steel pipes and the radius of the inner circular steel pipe. The test specimens exhibited a high bearing capacity and good plastic deformation ability under axial compression. The test results show that the wall thickness of the outer circular steel pipe and the radius of the inner circular steel pipe have a great influence on the bearing capacity of the steel–concrete composite reticulated shell joint, while the wall thickness of the inner circular steel pipe has little influence on the bearing capacity of the steel–concrete composite reticulated shell joint. Based on the test of the steel–concrete composite reticulated shell joints under axial load, the three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model was used to analyze the mechanical properties of the steel–concrete composite reticulated shell joints under axial compression. The results of the finite element analysis showed good agreement with the experimental results. The formula for calculating the bearing capacity of the joint is derived. By comparing with the experimental results, the calculated results are basically consistent with the experimental results.
Depolarization through social media use: Evidence from dual identifiers in Hong Kong
Authors: Kobayashi Tetsuro
Published: March 2020

Despite the concern that partisan selectivity in the political use of social media leads to mass polarization, the empirical evidence is mixed at best. Given the possibility that these inconclusive findings are attributable to moderators in the process that have not been adequately studied, this article elaborates the roles played by different forms of social identities. By analyzing three datasets collected in Hong Kong, where Chinese and Hong Kongese identities are constructed in a nonmutually exclusive way, this study demonstrates that (1) partisan selectivity in media use is reliably detected among those with single Hong Kongese identity, but not among those with dual identities of Hong Kongese and Chinese, (2) the political use of social media polarizes the attitudes and affects of single identifiers, whereas it has depolarizing effects on dual identifiers, and (3) these contrasting effects on polarization between single and dual identifiers have downstream consequences for political participation.
Research on the safe distance between passing ship and offshore drilling platform based on theory and statistics
Authors: Xie Haibo , Liu Zhengjiang , Xu Xingkang , Zhang Jiping
Published: March 2020

The offshore drilling platform is the main equipment for oil and gas exploration. The increase in offshore drilling platform results in the apparently increased contradiction between oilfield exploitation and safe navigation of ships. In order to ensure safe navigation and the normal exploitation of oil and gas fields in a limited space, it is necessary to quantify the distance between ships and coastal drilling platforms. In this investigation, the relevant theoretical calculation models were developed, including a drift model for ship out of control and a ship emergency stopping model. By selecting appropriate ship samples, theoretical safe distances under different models can be obtained. With the use of statistical correlation theory based on the Automatic Identification System data of ship, the safe distance between passing ship and platform was further studied. Finally, the recommended safe distance in different waters was summarized by comparing different model calculation results and data statistics results. Research results are beneficial for the safety of ship navigation, safe operation of the platform, and the revision of relevant standards.
“Tune in to the Affirmative”: The Family Channel and the Politics of Positive Programming
Authors: Lausch Kayti
Published: March 2020

The Family Channel, which evolved out of Pat Robertson’s Christian Broadcasting Network, created a new brand of family television and redefined the “family audience” in the 1990s. The channel capitalized on the vacuum produced by the major networks’ pursuit of advertiser-friendly demographics, and created a safe space for traditional family television viewing. By promoting “positivity” as its brand and relying on the nostalgic appeal of older television properties, the Family Channel became the first cable channel to build a “values-based” brand and audience. The Family Channel normalized an ideologically conservative model of commercial family television in an expanding cable landscape, and capitalized on social conservatives’ discontent with mainstream television content. This article analyzes the branding, programming, and public-facing statements of the channel’s executives to reveal how the Family Channel implicitly and explicitly connected this new “family audience” with the ideology and politics of social conservatism.
Prognosis Evaluation Using 18F-Alfatide II PET in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury Treated With Estrogen
Authors: Tan Hongpei , Tang Yongxiang , Li Jian , He Tingting , Zhou Ming , Hu Shuo
Published: March 2020

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to severe dysfunction below injured segment and poses a great pressure to the individual and society. In this study, we applied 18F-alfatide II positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) to monitor angiogenesis in an SCI model after estrogen (E2) treatment, as well as to evaluate the prognosis in a noninvasive manner. The SCI model was established with male rats and the rats were randomly divided into E2-treated group (SCI + E2) and E2-untreated group (SCI). Sham group was also used as control (Sham). The angiogenesis after SCI was monitored by 18F-alfatide II PET/CT and verified by immunofluorescence of CD31 and CD61. We also evaluated the level of E2 and growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Finally, Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scores were determined to evaluate the exercise capacity of the rats in all 3 groups. Our results showed that the BBB score of SCI + E2 group was significantly different from that of SCI group ( P < .05) and Sham group ( P < .01). The uptake of 18F-alfatide II was positively correlated with the expression level of GAP43, both of which reached the peak at day 7 after injury. CD31 and CD61 immunostaining further verified increased angiogenesis in E2-treated SCI lesions. We concluded that 18F-alfatide II PET/CT can monitor the angiogenesis status after SCI in vivo and it may help clinician predict the progression of patients with SCI. This may benefit the study of vascular repair after SCI and provide a tool for evaluation of SCI treatment in clinical practices.
Robotic Transaxillary Hemithyroidectomy Using the da Vinci SP Robotic System: Initial Experience With 10 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Kim Kwangsoon , Kang Sang-Wook , Kim Jin Kyong , Lee Cho Rok , Lee Jandee , Jeong Jong Ju , Nam Kee-Hyun , Chung Woong Youn
Published: March 2020

Background: Many studies have shown the operative feasibility and safety of robotic thyroidectomy. However, there is still a concern on the operative invasiveness of robotic thyroidectomy owing to the wide flap dissection. The aim of this study was to introduce our novel robotic technique, which can minimize the dissection extent using the da Vinci SP robotic system. Methods: Ten patients underwent robotic transaxillary thyroidectomy using the da Vinci SP robotic system between December 2018 and April 2019 at Yonsei University Hospital (Seoul, Korea). All procedures were performed successfully using the single-port robotic system. Results: All 10 patients were women and diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma. The mean operative time was 148.7 ± 26.8 minutes. The mean operative time using the gasless method was shorter than that using the gas insufflation method (130.5 ± 14.1 vs 176.0 ± 12.8 minutes). All patients were discharged on the third day after operation without any complications. Conclusions: Robotic transaxillary thyroidectomy using the da Vinci SP robotic system is technically feasible and safe with a short length of incision, shorter than what earlier reported. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use a single-port robotic system for thyroidectomy. To verify the superior operative outcomes, further clinical trials are necessary.
Population Study of Hand and Wrist Manifestations of Congenital Insensitivity to Pain
Authors: Spiteri Michelle , Mifsud Maximillian , Azzopardi Thomas , Giele Henk
Published: March 2020

Background: Congenital insensitivity to pain is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by insensitivity to painful stimuli due to absence of sensory and sympathetic post ganglionic neurons in the skin and skeletal system leading to lack of protective sensation and altered joint propioception. This study was performed to assess hand and wrist manifestations of patients with congenital insensitivity to pain in the Maltese Islands. Methods: Records of public and private hospitals were reviewed to identify patients suffering from this condition. A review of notes, patients, and imaging was performed. A Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score was obtained to assess level of function. Results: Nine patients were identified. Mean age of diagnosis was 8.9 years. Interphalangeal joints were most commonly affected. Multiple spontaneous or posttraumatic fingertip ulceration occurred in 5 patients. Anhidrosis resulted in more protracted ulcers and infections, requiring amputation of distal and middle phalanges due to osteomyelitis. The wrist joint was less commonly involved and showed more complex joint involvement. Conclusion: The hand and wrist are involved in different ways, with fingertip ulceration leading to potential infection and osteomyelitis in the hand, whereas the wrist joint is involved in cases of increased axial loading and load transfer, such as following prolonged use of walking and mobility aids. The latter should be borne in mind during management of lower limb conditions. Hand care and hygiene is important in all patients, especially in cases of anhidrosis due to the increased rate of ulceration and osteomyelitis requiring surgical intervention. Despite the severity of the condition, patients report good overall function.
Study on the influence of dynamic/static interface processing methods on CFD simulation results of the axial-flow blood pump
Authors: Wang Shuai , Tan Jianping , Yu Zheqin
Published: March 2020

Computational fluid dynamics is an essential tool for the flow field analysis of the blood pump. The interface processing method between the dynamic/static regions will affect the accuracy of simulation results, but its influence on the simulation results is still unclear. In this study, the axial-flow blood pump was taken as the research object, and the effects of the mixing plane, frozen rotor, and sliding mesh methods on the following results were compared: flux conservation at the interface, hydraulic characteristics, and velocity field distribution. In parallel, the particle image velocimetry experiment was carried out to measure the velocity field of the impeller, the inlet, and the outlet area of the blood pump. The results show that the above methods have significant differences in flux conservation between the impeller and the back vane. The average surface energy flux’s error of frozen rotor and sliding mesh are 0.7% and 0.72%, respectively, while the mixing plane method reaches 3.6%. This nonconservative transfer affects the distribution of the downstream velocity field, and the velocity field predicted by the mixing plane at the outlet is quite different. It is suggested to use the frozen rotor method and the sliding mesh method in the simulation of the blood pump.