bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between the HATCH Score, Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Erdolu Burak , As Ahmet Kagan , Engin Mesut
Published: February 2020

Backround: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (PoAF), the most common arrythmia observed in 18-40% of patients following coronary artery bypass surgery, may cause hemodynamic disturbances and increase embolism risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of HATCH score with PoAF in patients who underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) and evaluate the effect of preoperatively calculated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on PoAF.
Methods: Patients who underwent OPCABG between January 2014 and January 2019 were included in the study. Preoperative and postoperative data retrospectively were obtained. Patients who did not develop PoAF during the postoperative hospitalization period constituted Group 1; those who did were classified as Group 2.
Results: Ninety-seven patients (69 males and 28 females) with a mean age of 54.4 ± 11.1 years constituted Group 1, and 26 patients (17 males and 9 females) with a mean age of 61±12.6 years constituted Group 2. Significant differences were observed between the 2 groups, in terms of age and HATCH scores (P = .025 and P < .001, respectively). NLR, number of distal anastomoses, intensive care unit (ICU) stay times, and total hospitalization times were significantly higher in Group 2 (P = .021, P = .021, P < .001, P < .001, respectively). HATCH score was identified as an independent predictor of AF development following OPCABG surgery (OR: 2.125, 95 % CI: 1.296–3.482, P = .003).
Conclusion: In light of our study, HATCH scores of all patients preoperatively may be calculated so that preventive precautions are taken for high-risk patients.
Metodología de tratamiento de remediación de pasivos ambientales mineros de Cerro El Toro de Huamachuco para el desarrollo sostenible
Authors: Flores Silvana , Nuñez Pablo , Zegarra Edison , Flores Janet
Published: February 2020

El estudio propone la implementación de una tecnología Limpia para tratar los Pasivos Ambientales Mineros (PAMs) de las relaveras de todas las regiones del país, basándose en el estudio de la relavera de Cerro El Toro del distrito de Huamachuco, Provincia de Sánchez Carrión, Departamento de La Libertad, la cual contamina a las comunidades de Shiracmaca y Coigobamba. Es por ello, que el estudio tiene como objeto del estudio, brindar una metodología basada en el método de remediación de tratamiento integral-MRTI-SLFCH, que implemento el tratamiento integral de detoxificación de contaminantes en relaves metalúrgicos, involucrando el desarrollo de metodologías de las técnicas de flotación y de la concentración gravimétrica que se caracterizan por el empleo de agentes remediantes.

El objetivo es lograr la máxima recuperación de los metales pesados tales como: bario, cadmio, mercurio y plomo regulados por el Estándar de Calidad Ambiental del Suelo-ECA SUELO (MINAM, 2013), que logra convertir los relaves remediados en agregados de construcción para fabricar los ladrillos ecotecnológicos. Cabe resaltar, que el estudio fue financiado por el programa Innóvate Perú, y el co-financiamiento de la empresa Green Metallurgy Technologies S.R.L.
Salud mental y apoyo social percibido en escolares de cuarto grado de secundaria de Instituciones Educativas públicas de Lima Metropolitana
Authors: Huerta Rosales Rosa E. , Santivañez Renato , Ramos Jessica , Vega José , Pastor Sandy , Escudero Juan
Published: February 2020

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la relación entre las conductas problemas con el apoyo social percibido, en una muestra de 627 escolares de cuarto de secundaria de Instituciones Educativas públicas, a quienes se les aplicó una ficha de datos, el Inventario de Problemas Conductuales y la Escala multidimensional del apoyo social percibido. Los resultados establecen que existe relación significativa e inversa entre las conductas problemas con el apoyo social percibido. Cuando existe menor nivel de apoyo social, los escolares varones muestran mayores conductas problema de tipo ansiosa y de relación; y las mujeres problemas sociales y de relación. En la dimensión externalización, existe un predominio de dificultades de conducta; en internalización es la somatización la que alcanza mayor porcentaje. La mayoría de los evaluados percibe el apoyo social total en el nivel medio. Existen diferencias significativas en las conductas problemas, son las mujeres las que presentan estas dificultades y mayor diferencia de medias en contraste con los hombres; ellos perciben mayor apoyo social de la familia en comparación con las mujeres quienes perciben mayor apoyo social de los amigos. El apoyo de la familia y los amigos son relevantes como factor protector de la salud mental en los adolescentes.
Procrastinación: Revisión Teórica
Authors: Atalaya Laureano Candy , García Ampudia Lupe
Published: February 2020

El objetivo del artículo es analizar las perspectivas actuales sobre el concepto de procrastinación, los tipos y modelos teóricos que respaldan a la variable en mencionada. Se revisó metódicamente las fuentes bibliográficas sobre la variable; asimismo se eligieron artículos, reportes de investigación y estudios psicométricos de diferentes revistas científicas de psicología y ciencias sociales indexadas en bases de datos electrónicas a nivel nacional e internacional. Los resultados muestran múltiples acepciones para definir con exactitud el significado de la procrastinación, los tipos de procrastinación, sus modelos teóricos y estrategias de prevención en el ámbito educativo. Finalmente, se concluye que a través de una sustanciosa revisión teórica se obtuvo un concepto actual para la comprensión de la variable en estudio.
Rabia en las Américas, varios desafíos y “Una Sola Salud”: artículo de revisión
Authors: Sánchez María del Pilar , Sanmiguel Rosa Angélica , Díaz Sanchez Oscar Alejandro , Ramirez Angie Alexandra , Escobar Luis
Published: February 2020

La rabia es causada por un virus neurotrópico de cadena ARN negativa perteneciente al género Lyssavirus, familia Rhabdoviridae, orden Mononegavirales. La especie causante de rabia en las Américas es el Lyssavirus RABV con 11 variantes antigénicas. En Estados Unidos se han reducido drásticamente las muertes humanas por rabia en la última década; no obstante, se reportan casos de rabia en perros y gatos infectados por mamíferos silvestres. En Canadá, al igual que en Estados Unidos, las especies más comunes como reservorios de rabia son los mamíferos silvestres, principalmente murciélagos, zorrillos y zorros. La rabia es endémica en la mayor parte del Ártico canadiense, causada por la variante Virus Rábico del Ártico. En Norteamérica se ha observado transmisión cruzada entre especies. El control en fauna silvestre se realiza mediante vacunación con cebo oral autorizada en mapaches y coyotes. En América Latina y el Caribe, la rabia canina ha disminuido en un 98% y la rabia humana transmitida por perros se encuentra en vía de eliminación. A pesar de esto, América Latina enfrenta una situación compleja por la reemergencia de rabia canina en zonas declaradas libres, emergencia de rabia humana transmitida por gatos asociada a la variante 3 «Vampiro», aumento de rabia silvestre en el ganado y, aún, alta incidencia de rabia humana transmitida por perros en países como Bolivia y Haití. Dado que estos desafíos involucran personas, animales y ecosistemas, las estrategias de control deben ser diferentes a las aplicadas a la rabia humana únicamente. El enfoque Una Sola Salud, que tiene en cuenta estos tres elementos e implica cambios desde la manera de realizar una campaña antirrábica hasta la forma de analizar datos epidemiológicos y biomoleculares del virus, será esencial en la búsqueda de cero muertes humanas, metas de contención de rabia silvestre y eliminación regional de rabia canina y felina.
Análisis retrospectivo de agentes bacterianos y patrones de susceptibilidad antibiótica en casos de infecciones del tracto urinario en caninos domésticos (2012-2017)
Authors: García M. Milagros , Díaz C. Diego , Huerta M. Carlos , Olazábal L. Juan , Barrios-Arpi Manuel , Chipayo G. Ysaac
Published: February 2020

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo describir y analizar los resultados de los aislados bacterianos y sus antibiogramas en pacientes caninos con diagnóstico de infección del tracto urinario, que fueron atendidos en la Clínica de Animales Menores de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos entre 2012 y 2017. Se identificaron 97 historias clínicas de pacientes que contaban con exámenes de urocultivos y antibiogramas. Los agentes bacterianos aislados fueron Escherichia coli (36.9%), Staphylococcus sp (28.7%), Proteus sp (27.9%), Pseudomonas sp (3.3%), Klebsiella sp (1.6%), Streptococcus sp (0.8%) y Citrobacter sp (0.8%). Estos evidenciaron una alta resistencia antibiótica debido posiblemente al uso inadecuado de los antibióticos en el medio, por lo que no permite recomendar un tratamiento inicial seguro en pacientes caninos con diagnóstico presuntivo de esta enfermedad.
Imčių tyrimų vystymas Lietuvos statistikoje
Authors: Krapavickaitė Danutė , Plikusas Aleksandras
Published: February 2020

Statistikos departamentas švenčia šalies oficialiosios statistikos 90-ties metų jubiliejų. Apžvelgdami šį laikotarpį norime parodyti, kokiomis istorinėmis sąlygomis atsirado, buvo pradėti taikyti ir išsivystė imčių tyrimai, kokius uždavinius teko ir tenka spręsti, atliekant imčių tyrimus, kaip atrodo šios srities Statistikos departamento darbai bendrame pasaulio imčių teorijos ir jos taikymų fone.
Composite Indicators as an Additional Measure for the Assessment of the Lithuanian Economy
Authors: Rukšėnaitė Jurga
Published: February 2020

In this research, a hypothesis about an addi­tional measure that could be used as an additional tool for the analysis and assessment of economic trends in Lithuania is put forward. This additional measure has been constructed as a composite indica­tor, involving social and economic fields. Moreover, the paper presents business cycles, evaluated using the Hodrick–Prescott filter.

For many frequently purchased products, how­ever, it is unlikely that consumers actively process information about many brands on many attributes before making a choice. Rather, their behaviour is likely to be relatively routinized. Hence, these models are useful for explaining preference formation and indicating the most likely long-run equilibrium posi­tions, but are not necessarily good models for repeti­tive decision-making.
EU Carbon Futures Market: The Aspects of Price Discovery
Authors: Kropienė Rūta , Karpavičiūtė Daina
Published: February 2020

The main purpose of this article is to study the relationship between the spot and future price of European emissionallowances in order to test market efficiency hypothesis and determine which price leads the price discovery process.The work consists of several parts: presentation of theoretical background of model cost of carry; validation of cost of carrymodel assumptions; analysis of price development and conclusion.The cost of carry and cointegration theory is provided as well as overview of the related literature and existing research.The empirical examination reveals structural breaks in data and evidence that spot and futures prices are linked by the cost-ofcarryapproach in the second half of the analysed period. The examination of price development in the market indicated futures price leadership.Conclusion summarized the main results of the performed research.
Employment and Unemployment Trends in the Baltic Countries and Statistical Regions of Latvia, 1998–2011
Authors: Ulnicāns Einārs
Published: February 2020

The aim of the paper is to analyse the number and proportion of employees, unemployment rates and theirterritorial trends in Latvia, and to compare them with those in Estonia and Lithuania. The paper analyses the number ofemployees at the main job, its proportion in the private sector, and unemployment rates in the Baltic countries and statisticalregions of Latvia. In 2000–2007, employment and its proportion in the private sector was on the increase. In 2008, an upwardtrend in Estonia and Lithuania started to decrease, but in Latvia number of employees and its proportion in the private sectoralready had dropped. In 2009, the number of employees continued to decline. The unemployment rate grew from 1998 to2000 and from III quarter 2008 to I quarter 2010. From 2001 to II quarter 2008, during an economic boom, it decreased to aminimum. A faster economic growth means a higher proportion of employees in the private sector; however, during theeconomic crisis, it creates more instability in the labour market than in the public sector, especially at the beginning. As thecrisis deepens, unemployment in the private sector begins to stabilize; however, it increases in the public sector.
Social Network of Faculties According to Student Preferences in Transition to Higher Education
Authors: Mutlu Güneş , Çilingirtürk Ahmet Mete
Published: February 2020

In social network analysis, the studies on weighted adjacency matrix of nodes are increasing day by day. In thispaper, a method is proposed by including node properties to neighbourhood matrix, in order to see the structures of weightedadjacency matrix that defines the relationship between the nodes. In accordance with this proposal, the relationship betweenthe faculties of Turkish universities is studied according to student preferences. Weighted adjacency matrix between facultiesis composed based on the frequency of faculty preference of students. By using the properties of faculties, this matrix ismultiplied by the adjacency matrix, calculated by Squared Euclidian Distance. The weighted adjacency matrix of the facultiesis compared with the re-calculated weighted adjacency matrix. It is observed that the relations between faculties are turnedout to be more meaningful in new weighted neighbourhood matrix which is multiplied by Squared Euclidean Distance.
Application of Multidimensional Analysis to the Activity of Credit Unions
Authors: Kėdaitis Vytautas , Žilinskas Evaldas
Published: February 2020

The main purpose of this paper is to develop models that would name risky credit unions, in other words, credit unions, which are most likely at risk of bankruptcy.The work consists of two main parts: the analysis of literature and the research, and its results and conclusions.When the survey of the literature was carried out, the authors made financial indicator sets which were used for classification of the credit unions into the risk groups. Bankruptcy cases in Lithuania were insufficient so the authors suggested two ways to measure credit unions’ riskiness. Based on good classification results of the surveyed researchers the authors have chosen decision trees and artificial neural network methods to solve a classification problem. Decision trees were formed using CART, CHAID and exhaustive CHAID analysis. With these methods applied, some research was carried out using distinct financial indicator sets and different credit union classification in risk groups. The performed research revealed that the most significant financial indicators classifying risky credit unions were net profit and share capital ratio, capital and asset ratio, income and capital ratio, also share capital and asset ratio, net profit and average asset ratio, loans and capital ratio. The best classification accuracy was achieved by using artificial neural networks. With different classification of credit union riskiness, the most important financial indicator was interest paid on deposits and average market interest rate ratio. The best classification accuracy was achieved by decision tree made by CARTanalysis.The authors believe that the results of the study could provide credit union members (or potential members) with useful guidelines regarding credit unions which they should avoid and which not. Moreover, this information could be useful for supervisors.
The Ukrainian Economy Tendencies in the Context of the Global Crisis (Study on the Basis of Business Tendency Surveys)
Authors: Pugachova Maryna
Published: February 2020

This article discusses the possibilities to study the economy in times of crisis and its post-crisis performance by use of selected indicators from the Business Tendency Survey. Unlike conventional statistical indicators, these indicators can give quick information about the opinions, judgments and expectations of enterprise managers concerning their company's performance, which allows the drawing of conclusions about business operation by economic activity, sector and the whole economy. The analysis is made by use of several indicators from Ukrainian surveys: change in the competition; production capacities utilization and wear; factors limiting enterprises’ development. The analysis is made by economic sector: industry, construction and transport.
Asymptotic Properties of Parameter Estimators in Fractional Vasicek Model
Authors: Lohvinenko Stanislav , Ralchenko Kostiantyn , Zhuchenko Olga
Published: February 2020

We consider the fractional Vasicek model of the form dXt = (α-βXt)dt + γdBHt, driven by fractional Brownian motion BH with Hurst parameter H ∈ (0,1). We construct three estimators for an unknown parameter θ=(α,β) and prove their strong consistency.
Újraéledő francia iparpolitika – új dilemmák, kihívások és eszközök
Authors: Egyed Ildikó , Póla Péter
Published: February 2020

Franciaországban – ahol gyakran a német Mittelstand vállalatokat tekintik nemcsak példának, de versenytársnak is – a nagyvállalati fejlesztési modell megrekedése után ismételten napirenden az újraiparosítás. Ezúttal a figyelem fókuszában a középvállalatok, azoknak is egy speciális köre, az ETI-k, valamint a startup cégek kerültek. A dezindusztrializáció negatív hatásai, amit a 2008-as válság tovább súlyosbított, sok vitát generáltak részben a beavatkozás szükségességével, részben annak mikéntjével kapcsolatban. A decentralizált Németországhoz való felzárkózás, az ipari versenyképesség bázisát jelentő Mittelstand-modell sikeresebb alkalmazása komoly kihívás a centralizáltabb berendezkedésű Franciaországban. Az elemzések kimutatták, hogy az ipar relatív elmaradásának hátterében leginkább a gyengébb innovációs teljesítmény jelenik meg. Ezért az állami intézmények és támogatási rendszerek erőteljesen fókuszálnak az innovációs teljesítmény javítására. Bár a vita nem dőlt el, egyre inkább az iparpolitika szükségessége mellett érvelők kerülnek többségbe, úgy tűnik, ismét egy ipart támogató állami politika van kibontakozóban. Annak kapcsán, hogy ez hogyan, milyen eszközökkel történjen, még nagyon nem látszik konszenzus. A francia iparpolitika jelenleg oszcillál a közép- és nagyvállalatokat középpontba állító, valamint a kiemelten a startup vállalkozásokat támogató, ezeket különféle kormányzati eszközökkel támogatni szándékozó nézetek és gyakorlatok között. A két elképzelésben az innováció intenzív támogatása a közös vonás. Egyelőre annak a jelei kevésbé, vagy csak nagyon áttételesen rajzolódnak ki, hogy milyen módon segíti a francia gazdaság- és fejlesztéspolitika és intézményrendszere annak az üzleti környezetnek, infrastruktúrának a fejlesztését, amely ezt az innovációalapú iparpolitikát hatékonyan képes támogatni, illetve hogyan működik a lokális, regionális üzleti infrastruktúra, az oktatási és szakképzési rendszer, amely az innovációt és az ipari teljesítményt közvetetten, de annál eredményesebben tudja ösztönözni.
Gastrointestinal symptoms in pregnancy among antenatal clinic attendees in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital Bauchi, Northeast Nigeria
Authors: Aminu Muhammad Baffah , Alkali Mohammed , Audu Bala M. , Abdulrazak Toyin
Published: February 2020

Background: Pregnant women are at increasing risk of GI symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and heartburns, most of these symptoms are as a result of the hormonal and physical changes associated with pregnancy. This study aimed to determine prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms (GI) among pregnant women attending booking clinic at a Northeastern Nigerian Teaching Hospital.Methods: The study was a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey of four hundred and fifty-two pregnant women booking for antenatal care. Their sociodemographic variables as well as the presence or absence of gastrointestinal symptoms in index pregnancy were obtained at by the use of researcher-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed and presented as frequencies and percentages. A 5% significance level (p <0.05) to test associations.Results: Two fifty-five women had heart burns (56.4%) while 235 (52.0%) had nausea in pregnancy, these were observed to be the most prevalent GI symptoms among the women. Diarrhea and hemorrhoids were the uncommon GI symptoms in the study population constituting 406 (89.5%), and 360 (79.6%) respectively. Easy fullness was noted in 39.8% of the women while vomiting was in 41.8% and constipation in 29% of the respondents. A significant association was observed (p value <0.05) between parity and development of anorexia and hemorrhoids in pregnancy (p values of 0.049 and 0.051 respectively) but not for the other symptoms.Conclusions: GI symptoms are common in pregnancy, the most prevalent symptoms are that of heart burns and nausea, while diarrhea is relatively uncommon.
Connective tissue disorders in pregnancy: maternal and fetal perspective
Authors: Jha Nehul , Chaudhari Hemangi K.
Published: February 2020

Background: The objective of this study was to study maternal and fetal outcome in connective tissue disorders in pregnancy.Methods: This was a retrospective type of observational study done in department of obstetrics and gynecology and department of rheumatology at a King Edward Memorial hospital over a period of 1.5 years. 48 women were included in this study after informed consent. All these women presented with collagen disorders to ANC outpatient department or to rheumatology outpatient department or in emergency. All postpartum patients having connective tissue disorders not recruited during ANC were also included in this study after taking their written, informed and valid consent.Results: Connective tissue disorders are associated with multiple voluntary and involuntary abortions as well as intrauterine fetal deaths. Even in those women having live births, many undergo cesarean sections due to various indications like fetal distress, poor biophysical profile, non-reassuring non stress test etc. Neonates born to mothers with connective tissue disorders are growth restricted and many of them need intensive care admission. Also, these women were found to have multiple associated medical comorbidities in pregnancy.Conclusions: The data collected and the results arrived upon should help contribute significant literature regarding collagen disorders in pregnancy and help in better fetal and maternal management during pregnancy.
Common menstrual disorders in adolescent girls attending a tertiary care center
Authors: P. Hibina K. , K. Nishi Roshini , A. Andrews M.
Published: February 2020

Background: Menstrual disorders are an important cause of concern among adolescent girls. Most problems are physiological but few have underlying pathology which has adverse effect on the future reproductive health Aim of the study was to know the prevalence and to evaluate the underlying cause of the menstrual problems in adolescent girls seeking medical care.Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted in in 215 adolescent girls aged 13-19 years who sought medical care over a period of 12 months for menstrual complaints from the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Govt. Medical College, Thrissur, a tertiary care center in middle of Kerala, South India. Data was analyzed by SPSS software and p value <0.05 was taken statistically significant.Results: Dysmenorrhea was the most common problem (57.5%), followed by scanty menstruation (35.35%) and 25.2% of girls suffered from premenstrual symptoms. Hypothyroidism was seen in 2.4% of girls 40% were anemic. Statistically significant association was found between hypothyroidism and features of hyperandrogenemia with cycle irregularity. Ultrasonographic evidence of polycystic ovarian morphology was identified among 61.9% girls with irregular cycles.Conclusions: Even though majority of menstrual issues are self-limiting proper evaluation and follow up for medical disorders like hypothyroidism and anemia are important and appropriate intervention is crucial for future reproductive and general health of adolescents presenting with Menstrual disorders.
Ruptured rudimentary horn pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Venugopal Gopika , Patil Soumya , Manoli Nandish S. , T. Pratap , . Hemapriya , N. Madhuri
Published: February 2020

Uterine anomalies are congenital malformations arising due to embryological mal-development of mullerian ducts. The European society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) classifies these anomalies into 6 classes. Hemi-uterus is one such class of formation defect of mullerian duct with unilateral uterine development; the contralateral part could be either incompletely formed or absent. In a rare form of ectopic pregnancy, implantation can occur in the cavity of a rudimentary horn of the hemi-uterus. Authors report a case of 22-year G2P1L1 with 12 weeks gestation who presented with acute abdomen. Ultrasound showed hemoperitoneum with suspicion of ectopic pregnancy. Laparotomy confirmed the diagnosis of ruptured right rudimentary horn with fetus and placenta in the peritoneal cavity. Immediate laparotomy and excision of the horn with transfusion of blood and blood products saved the patient in the nick of time.
Seroprevalence and some demographic factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection among female population in Duhok province, Iraq
Authors: Salih Janan Mohammed , Salih Mero Wijdan Mohammed , Eassa Souzan Hussein
Published: February 2020

Background: The causative agent of toxoplasmosis is Toxoplasma gondii which is an intracellular protozoan. It has an important role in abortion and congenital diseases in pregnant women, which lead to infant's defectiveness birth when pregnant, are exposed during pregnancy. Toxoplasmosis is one of the most prevalent and most successful parasitic infectious disease worldwide, due to its efficient transmission through the ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked and infected meat, or the ingestion of oocysts in contaminated vegetables and water. The present study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence rate of anti-Toxoplasma gondii Abs and their relation to some demographic factors among females, in Duhok province/ Kurdistan Region/ Iraq.Methods: During the period from October 2016 to November 2017, a total of 792 random blood samples were collected from the female population of different ages (16-55) years and various socioeconomic classes, who attended  Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Azadi teaching hospital and Central Public Health Laboratory/ Duhok.Results: Out of 792 samples examined, 288 (36.3%) were seropositive from which 282 (35.61%) were found seropositive for IgG, while only six samples (0.76%) were seropositive for IgM. Regarding to occupation, the highest rate for chronic toxoplasmosis was reported in housewives followed by employed and students at rates of 40.19%, 22.3%, and 14.0%, respectively. These outcomes were statistically significant (p<0.05). The age group 36-45 years showed the highest seropositive rate for both IgG and IgM Abs which were 41.02% and 1.28%, respectively, which was statistically non-significant. The higher rate of seropositivity was observed among married females 39.93%, and pregnant 41.9% versus non-pregnant 33.3%. This difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) among married while non-significant in pregnant. Concerning to blood groups, the highest rate of seropositivity was reported among females with blood group AB+ which was 60% followed by group O- which was 46.7 %. This difference was statistically non-significant (p>0.05). Conclusions: This study showed the importance of demographic factors to the epidemiology of T. gondii in females, which support the role of public health in the control of infectious diseases.
Double outlet of right ventricle: imaging spectrum on multi-slice computed tomography
Authors: Rana Yashpal R. , Patel Dinesh L. , Sheth Megha M. , Jain Nitisha A. , Patel Samir G. , Garachh Milin N.
Published: February 2020

Background: Multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) is the main stay of pre-operative assessment of many complex congenital heart diseases (CHD) in current clinical practice, one of them is double outlet of right ventricle (DORV). DORV is one of the conotruncal anomalies that encompasses a wide spectrum of anatomic malformations in which both the aorta and pulmonary arterial trunk arise entirely or predominantly from the morphologically right ventricle (RV). Purpose of this article is to understand spectrum of DORV and associated types of ventricular septal defect (VSD) on MSCT imaging with special emphasis of usefulness of 3-D volume rendered (VR) images in pre surgical evaluation.Methods: A total of 500 paediatric patients (<18 years old), who had undergone MSCT were studied during the period 2014 to 2019 at the tertiary cardiac care centre.Results: 500 patients having primary/suspicious diagnosis of DORV on echocardiography during the said period were enrolled in the study. All the patients who underwent MSCT scan, were studied in detail for: DORV spectrum, associated types of VSD and its relationship to the semilunar valves. Out of 500 total subjects, subaortic VSD was the most common type of VSD observed (53%), followed by subpulmonic VSD (22%), non-committed VSD (18%) and doubly committed VSD (7%). Associations of pulmonary stenosis, subaortic stenosis and aortic co-arctation with various types of VSDs were addressed. Associated other anomalies were also analysed.Conclusions: Advances in MSCT technology has revolutionized pre-surgical diagnosis, management approach and post-operative follow-up of DORV patients. Excellent image qualities along with 3D volume rendered images help surgeon understand complex morphology of DORV variants and associated types of VSD. Significant reduction in intra and post-operative mortality in DORV patients in current era is result of MSCT technology.
Retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy: its role in the management of adrenal tumour and tertiary care centre experience
Authors: Singh Thakur Avinash Pratap , Venugopal G. , S. Darsan
Published: February 2020

Background: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for adrenal tumour has gained increased popularity worldwide. To decrease the complications of commonly used transperitoneal approach, by not entering into peritoneal cavity the retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy (RLA) has developed. It has several advantages over the transperitoneal approach and associated with reduced morbidity and excellent outcome. The objective of this study was to report our experience with RLA for treatment of adrenal tumour.Methods: The study was done from August 2014 and December 2017, data of 44 patients who underwent RLA for adrenal tumour in the institute were retrospectively reviewed. Patient’s demographical, clinical, diagnostic and procedural data were recorded. All patients were assessed by history, physical examinations, laboratory values with biochemical marker test and imaging by computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment outcome was assessed in terms of operative time, haemoglobin drop, conversion rate, hospital stay and complications.Results: In 44 adrenalectomy, 24 men and 20 women, with a mean age of 47.0±8.9 years were enrolled. Mean body mass index was 23.5±2.2 kg/m2. Right adrenal tumour was seen in 26 cases and left in 18 cases. Mean adrenal mass size was 2.6±0.85 cm. Mean operative time was 109.1±21.16 minutes, mean haemoglobin drop was 0.47±0.26 gram/L. Conversion to open surgery was necessary in 2 patients. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 4.0±0.91 days. Recovery time mean value was 12.18±1.7 days postoperatively. In final histopathology result adenoma was most prevalent (25 cases) and myelolipoma was least (1 case).  Conclusions: RLA appears to be safe and effective alternative to transperitoneal adrenalectomy for moderate size adrenal tumour in particular less than 6 cm. It is associated with less blood loss, shorter hospitalization, low conversion rate, fewer complications and early recovery. RLA offers an alternative method for treating adrenal tumour with improved surgical outcomes.
Primary intratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma: a rare aggressive childhood neoplasm
Authors: Kumar Rajnish , Sethi Bhawna , Maletha Madhukar
Published: February 2020

Testicular tumors are relatively uncommon in children. The tumors of germ cell origin are still frequently encountered. The pure embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas of testis, not associated with sarcomatous component of the germ cell tumor, is a very rare entity. It is a highly aggressive tumor of childhood and young adolescents. In testes, it arises commonly from paratesticular tissue; primary intratesticular being extremely rare. To the best of authors knowledge, only fifteen cases of primary pure intratesticular tumor have been reported in the literature so far. We report a case of eight-year-old child who presented with a progressive painless right testicular enlargement over two months. Ultrasonography showed a heterogenous intratesticular mass. High orchidectomy was performed. Histopathological examination of the specimen assisted with immunohistochemistry revealed embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.
Do the undergraduate medical students perceive stress and what are the stressors?
Authors: John Kevin A. , Naik Poonam R.
Published: February 2020

Background: Medical students have been reported to suffer from higher perceived stress compared to general population and students in the other academic fields. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of stress and to identify the potential stressors among undergraduate medical students using perceived stress scale (PSS).Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 301 undergraduate medical students at a private medical college in Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka. The extent of the stress was assessed using PSS-10 and a questionnaire was used to identify the potential academic, psychosocial and environmental stressors.Results: The mean PSS score was found to be 26.34±3 in this study. Moderate stress was observed in 68% of the study participants. The PSS score was higher among the 2nd year MBBS students. Stress was observed more among female medical students (74%). Inadequate study leave (92.4%), vastness of academic curriculum (84.1%), poor quality of food in mess or home (70.4%), accommodation away from home (60.1%) and high parental expectations (48.5%) were found to be the potential stressors in this study.Conclusions: The study results thereby highlight the need to plan tailored interventions to address the various stressors and prevent stress among the medical students.
Subscription of various health insurance schemes and factors influencing them in rural area of central Karnataka: a cross sectional study
Authors: G. Netra , Rao B. A. Varadaraja
Published: February 2020

Background: In a health insurance program, people who have the risk of a certain event contribute a small amount (premium) toward a health insurance fund. This fund is then used to treat patients who experience that particular event (e.g., hospitalization). It is a form of risk management which is used primarily to hedge against the risk of a contingent, uncertain loss. Health is wealth. Therefore, the concept of health insurance (HI) has evolved which finances health care. Objectives of the study was to assess subscription of various health insurance schemes and factors influencing them in the rural field practice area of SSIMS and RC, Davanagere.Methods: The cross sectional study was conducted in the rural field practice area of SSIMS and RC, Davangere from May to July 2016. A sample of 600 families were visited by systematic random sampling and data was collected from the head of the family with informed consent using a predesigned, pretested questionnaire by house to house interview. Analysis was done by using SPSS v10 and were results presented as percentages and proportions.Results: The total subscription in the study was 69.3%, Yeshasvini co-operative farmers’ health scheme coverage was 84% followed by others. The factors determining the subscription were the amount of premium, lack of funds, lack of awareness, lack of comprehensive coverage, etc.Conclusions: The premium has to be customized so that all the patients are benefited irrespective of the type of HI.
Prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among high school children in Bangalore, India
Authors: Srirama Srikanth , Subramanian Mangala
Published: February 2020

Background: Hypertension is a prominent health disorder that leads to 12.8% of deaths worldwide. Although predominantly considered a disorder of the adults, the roots of hypertension start from childhood. In the past children usually suffered from secondary hypertension. However, now with increased incidence of obesity, reduced physical activity, unhealthy dietary habits, use of tobacco and alcohol among adolescents there is now an increased prevalence of primary hypertension in this age group. The present study was conducted with the objective of assessing the prevalence of hypertension and its modifiable risk factors in high school children.Methods: The study was conducted among high school students aged 13 to 16 years in urban Bangalore. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the lifestyle. Age, sex, height, weight and resting blood pressure were recorded. Odds ratio, Chi square test and logistic regression were used in the analysis.Results: There were 550 students who participated in the study, 300 (54.54%) were males and 250 (45.45%) were females. The prevalence of prehypertension was 21.6% and hypertension was 8.9%.  Logistic regression revealed that overweight, obesity, high salt intake, tobacco use, and stress were significantly associated with elevated blood pressure.Conclusions: There is a rise in the prevalence of hypertension among high school students. Changes in lifestyle seem to influence the development of hypertension in this age group. Behaviour change communication should be used to reduce the modifiable risk factors and promote healthy lifestyle among adolescents.
A cross sectional study on mothers’ insight of feeding babies with cleft lip and palate in Hyderabad city, Telangana
Authors: Turlapati Sravya , Reddy Parthasarathi , Polasani Prathibha , Hameed Irram Abbas , Mocherla Monica , Goje Vidyasagar
Published: February 2020

Background: Feeding infants with cleft lip and palate is one of the most challenging and worrying events in a mother’s life. When the baby fails to thrive, the mother becomes anxious as the effort goes futile which may inhibit maternal bonding with the child leading to other consequences. Hence, our aim was to assess the attitudes of mothers towards feeding their babies with cleft lip and palate.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among mothers of children with cleft lip and palate at a cleft center in Hyderabad city. The mothers were interviewed using a self-administered questionnaire on a 3-point Likert scale. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 22.Results: A total of 96 mothers participated in the study. Among them a majority of them bottle fed their baby (85%). Escape of milk through nostrils was reported to be the most common problem faced by the child (30%). The attitudes of mothers were categorized into good (29%), moderate (62.5%) and poor (28%). Also there was a significant difference between the educational qualification, household income and clinical diagnosis with the attitude of mothers.Conclusions: In the present study, a majority of them had moderate attitude. Personal and professional care and support are the key factors influencing the mothers’ attitude.
Utilization, satisfaction, out of pocket expenditure and health seeking behaviour among the insured residents of rural field area: a cross sectional study
Authors: G. Netra , Rao B. A. Varadaraja , Kengnal Prakash
Published: February 2020

Background: Health insurance is also called as medical insurance offering coverage that pays for unexpected medical and surgical expenses to the policyholder. A health insurance plan is one of the most secured and safest way to provide financial coverage to the insured family. Objective of this study was to assess utilization, satisfaction, out of pocket expenses and to determine the health seeking behaviour of the insured residents of the rural field practice area of SSIMS and RC, Davanagere.Methods: The study was done in the rural field practice area of the medical college, Davangere from January 2016 to December 2016. A sample of 600 families were studied by systematic random sampling and data was collected from the head of the family using structured questionnaire by house to house interview. Statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS v10, percentages, proportions and Chi-square tests were applied to find the association among the variables.Results: The utilization of health insurance in the present study was 50.2% and satisfaction regarding the health insurance schemes was 93.4%.Conclusions: The study reveals that the out of pocket expenses is high among the uninsured families compared to the insured families. The Insurance policies should be revived to do favour the patients so that more families will be encouraged to enrol and utilize so that the out of pocket expenses will be reduced.
Assessing level of pre and post interventional knowledge and attitude for dengue awareness among selected government school student of Bhopal, India
Authors: Meena J. S. , Mahore Rajendra , Sahay Abhishek , Sengar S. S.
Published: February 2020

Background: Dengue is a major public-health issue all over tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. It is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease, which shows a 30-fold increase in global incidence over the past 50 years. According to the estimates from the World Health Organization 50-100 million dengue infections occur each year and that to add to the seriousness that around 50% of the world’s population lives in countries where the disease is endemic.Methods: Educational Interventional cross-sectional study done in 2 selected Govt. Higher Secondary School in Bhopal. 100 students were selected in both school in which 50 boys and 50 girl’s student selected. A pretested, semi-structured questionnaire developed by investigator which comprised of 36 questions. The interviewee who was willing to participate in the study was given the questionnaire and was asked to fill the questionnaire before and after the educational intervention and the results were analyzed.Results: The study involved a total of 100 students who successfully answered all the baseline and follow up questionnaire. A total of 50% male students and 50% female students were present in this study. This study showed of significance increase in knowledge and significance change in their attitude after the post intervention questionnaires.Conclusions: The knowledge about dengue fever was good among students, attitudes towards to keep their surroundings was also good; however, it was found that the good knowledge and attitudes does not necessarily lead to good practice. Health education programme should be continued and intensified with emphasis on school, college students and young adults.
A cross sectional, analytical study of personal hygiene related morbidities of children residing in welfare hostels, Tirupati town, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Ravi Naik Karamthoti , Srinivasan K. , Raviprabhu G. , Reddy K. Ashok Kumar , Prameela B.
Published: February 2020

Background: The objective of the study was to find out the personal hygiene status among boys residing in social welfare hostels by class and age and type of hostel.Methods: Cross sectional study, analytical study, social welfare hostels in Tirupati town of Andhra Pradesh. Participants was 524 boys. Statistical analysis are percentages and Chi-square test.Results: The prevalence of scabies was found to be significantly higher in those children with poor personal hygiene (35.7%) compared to average level (18.8%) and good (14.4%) of personal hygiene.  The prevalence of other specific morbid conditions was found to be similar in all the three levels of personal hygiene and the differences were not statistically significant.Conclusions: The prevalence of scabies was found to be significantly higher in those children with   poor personal hygiene compared to average level and good of personal hygiene. In view of higher proportion of children with poor level of personal hygiene of children in scheduled tribe hostel, there is a need to sensitize and give health education on personal hygiene related diseases and take necessary preventive steps and supervision by hostel staff especially in scheduled tribe hostel. Hand washing with soap can protect about one out of every three young children.
A study to assess the awareness and practice regarding utilization of sanitary toilet in the rural villages of Kalaburagi district
Authors: Deshmukh Sunil , Ghooli Shreeshail , Kurle Ravi S.
Published: February 2020

Background: As there is some improvement in sanitary latrine use and safe disposal of child faeces which is the one of the important goal of millennium development goals, awareness, practice and lack of community and household sanitary latrines is still a major problem. The objective was to study awareness and practice about use of sanitary latrine in villages.Methods: The study was undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice in rural villages of Kalaburagi District, Karnataka, India. The study sample consist a total of 500 participants.Results: The prevalence of usage of sanitary latrines was 40%. The prevalence of open air defecation in the study was 97.4%. There was significant association between belief, low standard of living and open air defecation.Conclusions: To overcome the underutilization problem of sanitary latrines in rural areas is to provide quality household and community sanitary latrines along with the provision for creating awareness among the population regarding the benefit of using sanitary latrine.
Luxo e sofisticação nas vitrines da Borges: gentrificação comercial e turismo no espaço urbano de Gramado (RS)
Authors: Gevehr Daniel Luciano , Berti Franciele
Published: February 2020

Investiga-se a atividade turística enquanto fator de transformação da paisagem da Avenida Borges de Medeiros, principal avenida central do espaço urbano de Gramado (RS). A análise privilegia o processo de gentrificação (GANT, 2015 ; GOTHAM, 2005; LEY, 1980, 1986, 2003 ; SMITH, 1979, 1982, 1996, 2002) que está ocorrendo na área central do município. O procedimento metodológico compreende: (i) revisão bibliográfica; (ii) pesquisa documental, (iii) visita de campo, adotando-se a observação sistemática e (iv) entrevistas semiestruturadas. Perpassando por determinadas décadas, o recorte temporal da análise compreende os séculos XX e XXI. Os resultados evidenciam que as residências unifamiliares, fábricas e vendas frequentadas pela classe trabalhadora, converteram-se em prédios comerciais, que abrigam, em sua maioria, butiques, restaurantes e equipamentos turísticos, demonstrando um significativo processo de elitização do comércio local.