bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Streak formation in flow over biomimetic fish scale arrays
Authors: Muthuramalingam Muthukumar , Villemin Leo S. , Bruecker Christoph
Published: August 2019

The surface topology of the scale pattern from the European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax ) was measured using a digital microscope and geometrically reconstructed using Computer Assisted Design modelling. Numerical flow simulations and experiments with a physical model of the surface pattern in a flow channel mimic the flow over the fish surface with a laminar boundary layer. The scale array produces regular rows of alternating, streamwise low-speed and high-speed streaks inside the boundary layer close to the surface, with maximum velocity difference of about 9%. Low-velocity streaks are formed in the central region of the scales whereas the high-velocity streaks originated in the overlapping region be- tween the scales. Thus, those flow patterns are linked to the arrangement and the size of the overlapping scales within the array. Because of the velocity streaks, total drag reduction is found when the scale height is small relative to the boundary layer thickness, i.e. less than 10%. Flow simulations results were compared with surface oil-flow visualisations on the physical model of the biomimetic surface placed in a flow channel. The results show an excellent agreement in the size and arrangement of the streaky structures. The existence of streaks is also proven on sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax ) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by surface flow visualisation. From comparison to recent literature about micro-roughness effects on laminar boundary layer flows it is hypothesized that the fish scales could delay transition which would further reduce the drag.
Combining Benders’ Decomposition and Column Generation for Integrated Crew Pairing and Personalized Crew Assignment Problems
Authors: Zeighami Vahid , Soumis François
Published: August 2019

The airline crew scheduling problem, because of its size and complexity, is usually solved in two phases: the crew pairing problem and the crew assignment problem. A pairing is a sequence of flights, connections, and rests starting and ending at the same crew base. The crew pairing problem consists of determining a minimum-cost set of feasible pairings such that each flight is covered exactly once. In the crew assignment problem, the goal is to construct monthly schedules from these pairings for a given set of pilots and copilots independently, while respecting all the safety and collective agreement rules. However, this sequential approach may lead to significantly suboptimal solutions because it does not take into account the crew assignment constraints and objective during the building of the pairings. In this paper, first, we propose an extension of the crew pairing problem that incorporates pilot and copilot vacation requests at the crew pairing stage. Second, we introduce a model that completely integrates the crew pairing and crew assignment problems simultaneously for pilots and copilots. To solve this integrated problem, we develop a method that combines Benders’ decomposition and column generation. We conduct computational experiments with real-world data from a major U.S. carrier.
How to approach the bird with respiratory signs
Authors: Baldrey Vicki
Published: August 2019

Respiratory disease is common in avian species. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are essential as birds tend to hide clinical signs of illness until disease is advanced and cases can deteriorate rapidly. Risk factors are frequently related to diet and environment, and include hypovitaminosis A and inhaled irritants. Birds presenting with respiratory signs should initially be stabilised with oxygen supplementation and supportive care before further diagnostics are pursued. Work up of these cases includes blood sampling for biochemistry and haematology, imaging including radiography and rigid endoscopy, and culture and polymerase chain reaction testing of respiratory secretions. Chlamydia and aspergillosis are common diagnoses encountered in practice. Treatment includes systemic antimicrobials, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and inhaled medications administered via nebulisation. Correction of underlying risk factors is also essential for a successful outcome. This article gives an overview of avian respiratory disease and describes a systematic approach to the investigation and treatment of these cases, achievable in general practice.
Negative pressure wound therapy in the management of wounds
Authors: Nixon Rachel
Published: August 2019

Negative pressure wound therapy, the controlled application of sub-atmospheric pressure to the wound surface, is becoming an increasingly popular treatment modality for the management of wounds in both human and veterinary medicine. It is proposed to exert a number of actions on the wound environment to promote healing. It is well recognised in the management of acute and chronic wounds and with skin grafting. It shows promise in cases of exposed orthopaedic implants and postoperatively on high-risk closed surgical incisions. Close monitoring following application is essential to ensure continued function. Importantly, it is typically well tolerated with minimal associated complications. However, significant complications are reported, if rarely, hence careful decision-making should be implemented to ensure appropriate use.
Summer parasite update 2019
Authors: Stokes Laura
Published: August 2019

As expected, key themes in enquiries to ESCCAP during the second quarter of the year have been pet travel and exotic parasitic diseases, particularly leishmaniosis but also heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis), Babesia canis and Ehrlichia canis infections. Owners are concerned with the possibility of a no-deal Brexit affecting their plans to travel with the pets. In addition, there have been a number of enquiries regarding toxocarosis.
Still Lost in Translation
Authors: Barlow Molly A. , Villegas Andrea , Cox David J.
Published: August 2019

Interdisciplinary dialogue can help progress and improve professional fields. Progress and improvement may be impeded by barriers within an interdisciplinary dialogue, two of which are false dichotomies and faulty generalizations. It is our opinion that this particular interdisciplinary dialogue will advance productively by avoiding: false dichotomies about the medical model and Disability Studies in Education (DSE) framework; false dichotomies about using a normality approach to establish goals; and faulty generalizations about practitioners within and outside the field in which we are trained. Most helping professionals care passionately about improving the quality of lives of the people with whom they work. Centering interdisciplinary conversations on this shared value can help avoid false dichotomies and faulty generalizations.
Clinical Evaluation of a New Point-of-Care System for Chemistry Panel Testing
Authors: Love Sara A , Schulz Karen , Stack Penney , Abdirizak Sharifa , Souriyayong Maniphone , Malhotra Ruchika , Xu Clarke , Pamidi Prasad V A
Published: August 2019

Background

GEM Premier ChemSTAT™ is a point-of-care (POC) system that measures Na+, K+, Ca++, Cl−, glucose, hematocrit, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), tCO2, pH, pCO2, and lactate from a single whole blood specimen, providing rapid results in POC settings such as the emergency department (ED). Accurate measurements of creatinine in whole blood and reporting of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) can minimize adverse effects of contrast-induced nephropathy.

Methods

Heparinized whole blood specimens from the ED were analyzed on the ChemSTAT by POC staff. Method comparison was performed against the cobas Integra c501 for creatinine, BUN, and tCO2, and against the GEM Premier 4000 for all other analytes. Precision was conducted with whole blood specimens assayed in triplicate over 6 days. Creatinine results from whole blood and plasma were used for eGFR, by isotope dilution mass spectrometry-traceable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equations, and eGFR concordance was assessed.

Results

Creatinine, BUN, and tCO2 correlated well with plasma samples on the cobas, and all other analytes correlated well with whole blood specimens on the GEM Premier 4000 across the tested sample ranges. The regression slope was 0.951 to 1.047, along with a correlation coefficient (r) of ≥0.982 for all analytes. The pooled within-sample precision was 0% to 2.5% for all analytes.

Conclusions

ChemSTAT demonstrated a strong correlation with the comparative methods and excellent precision. The system's analytical performance and continuous quality management make it suitable for use in the ED to provide rapid reliable test results, which could minimize the time to treatment and improve ED efficiency.
BUDAYA PERDAMAIAN DALAM AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Halim Abd.
Published: August 2019

Peace is a dream of all religions. There is no religion that teaches violence. However, in practice, there are still a lot of tragedies caused by both religious fanaticism and misunderstanding of religion. In this article, the author wanted to examine the ethics of peace in the Qur'an. By observing a few verses, although not as a whole, the Qur'an appears to have peace ethics from the smallest scope like a small family up to the most extensive scope of the inter-countries relation.
PEMBACAAN AL-QUR’AN SURAT-SURAT PILIHAN DI PONDOK PESANTREN PUTRI DAAR AL-FURQON JANGGALAN KUDUS (STUDI LIVING QUR’AN)
Authors: Fauziah Siti
Published: August 2019

The author focuses on a discussion to the practices of reading certain selected surah of Qur'an in boarding schools pondok pesantren putri Daar al-Furqon Janggalan al-Furqon and its meaning in these boarding schools. The author uses social theory offered by Emile Durkheim and Karl Mannheim, religious feelings and the theory of meaning.
HERMENEUTIKA AL-QUR’AN MUHAMMAD AL-GHAZALI (Telaah Metodologis atas Kitab Nahwa Tafsir Maudhu’i li Suwar al-Qur’an al-Karim)
Authors: Nadhirah Wardah
Published: August 2019

This article elaborates al-Ghazali ideas on the qur’anic hermeneutical concept. The author concludes that al-Ghazali’s qur’anic hermeneutical concept has similarities with the theory of philosophical hermeneutics initiated by Gadamer in practice. It can be understood from the various interpretations expressed in the book Nahwa Maud}ū’i Tafsir al-Qur’an li Suwar al-Karīm. But even so, one thing that is emphasized by Muhammad al-Ghazali in his interpretation of the Qur’an that the Quran is a unified whole that must be understood in the context of a whole.
TRUTH AND METHOD An Introductory Study on Mazhab Yogya’s Methodology for understanding the Truth of Islam
Authors: Wilar Abraham Silo
Published: August 2019

Tulisan ini membahas metodologi untuk memahami kebenaran Islam dari sudut pandang beberapa tokoh figur penting yang ada di UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta. Figur ini penulis sebut Metodologi mazhab Yogya dalam memahami kebenaran Islam. Tokoh-tokoh tersebut antara lain, M. Amin Abdullah, Machasin, dan Sahiron Syamsuddin. Pertanyaan besar yang diajukan untuk memahami metodologi mereka adalah apa saja nama atau istilah metodologi yang mereka gunakan, apa saja paradigma, teknik, serta aspek apa saja yang melatarbelakangi lahirnya metodologi tersebut.
KONTRIBUSI PEMIKIRAN JANE DAMMEN MCAULIFFE TERHADAP KERUKUNAN ANTAR UMAT BERAGAMA
Authors: Iwanebel Fejrian Yazdajird
Published: August 2019

This article discusses Jane Dammen Mcauliffe, an orientalist. He was one of the orientalist who was keen to study of Qur’an. His interest rest on religiosities issues, especially about the views of Islam on Christians. The conclusions derived from this article, the study of the appreciation of Qur’an on Christians that has been done by Mcauliffe in his works, at least provide a new view that Qur’an substantially do not discredit the religious groups outside of Islam. This perspective, in the context of the relationship between religions, is very important to be voiced. With that kind of junderstanding, the interpretation on Qur’an will be able to transform from exclusivity to inclusivity. Thus, al-Qur’an is no longer made as the legitimacy by certain groups to attack other groups.
HADIS-HADIS DALAM KITAB HIDĀYAH AL-SĀLIKĪN (Kajian Sanad dan Matn)
Authors: Sagir Akhmad
Published: August 2019

ine"> </This paper provides an overview and explanation relating to the qualityof the existing 190 hadiths in Hidāyah al-Sālikīn of Sheikh Abdus Samadal-Palembani and 51 hadiths added by Shamsuddin Siddiq in the editedbook. This research is signifiant to answer the doubts about the quality ofexisting hadiths in this book, while this book is very popular and used asa reference in a large community. The study shows that the book consists ofdifferent quality of hadiths from sahih, hasan, dhaif and mawdu.’
Al-Qur’an Sebagai Sabab Wuru<d al-H{adi<s| (Membaca Relasi Firman Tuhan dengan Sabda Nabi)
Authors: Miski Miski
Published: August 2019

This paper studies Qur’anic verses being the sabab al-wurud of hadiths (verses that became the background or accompany the birth of certain hadith reports). Examining hadith literatures, this paper argues that such existing connection between the Qur’an and hadith emphasizes the central position of the Prophet as the “exegete” of the Qur’an, e it in the form of sayings, actions or affirmation. The records can be traced in commentaries of the Qur’an (tafsir bi al-ma’thur), hadith literatures and sira. Tulisan ini bermaksud melakukan eksplorasi terhadap ayat-ayat al-Qur’an yang menjadi asba>b wuru>d al-h{adi>s\ atau ayat-ayat al-Qur’an yang menjadi bagian yang melatarbelakangi atau mengiringi lahirnya hadis Nabi Saw. Berdasarkan penelusuran terhadap berbagai literatur, dapat disimpulkan bahwa –di satu sisi- ayat al-Qur’an yang menjadi asba>b wuru>d merupakan satu hal yang tidak bisa dipungkiri, dan di sisi lain kenyataan ini semakin mempertegas poisis Nabi sebagai penjelas terhadap ayat-ayat al-Qur’an; penjelasan tersebut bisa berupa kata-kata, perbuatan atau contoh perilaku ataupun ketetapan. Penjelasan-penjelasan Nabi terhadap ayat-ayat al-Qur’an tersebut atau ayat-ayat al-Qur’an yang menjadi salah satu asba>b wuru>d hadis bisa dilacak dalam berbagai literatur, terutama literatur tafsir bi al-ma’s\u>r, hadis dan sejarah.Kata kunci: asba>b wuru>d, ayat-ayat al-Qur’an, hadis.
Makna Sa‘il Dalam Al-Qur’an: TUJUAN IMPLISIT PENGENTASAN PENGEMIS DALAM AYAT-AYAT SA‘IL DAN AKTUALISASINYA
Authors: Rafi Muhammad , Hamzah Saipul , Rafif Ahmad Ahnaf
Published: August 2019

Pertumbuhan penduduk dan urbanisasi di Indonesia sangatlah tinggi, khususnya daerah perkotaan. Hal ini menyebabkan kesempatan bekerja dan peluang berusaha di kota tidak mampu menampung pelaku-pelaku urbanisasi. Keterbatasan keterampilan yang dimiliki para pelaku urbanisasi pun turut menambah masalah perekonomian dan sosial. Salah satu masalah tersebut adalah terjadinya pengangguran. Banyaknya pengangguran ini akan memicu maraknya pengemis atau peminta-minta. Permasalahan ini semakin kompleks dengan adanya sekelompok orang (baca: mafia) yang menggerakan para pengemis secara masif untuk mencari keuntungan secara praktis. Akibatnya, pekerjaan pengemis tersebut bukan lagi karena keterpaksaan secara ekonomi melainkan menjadi sebuah profesi. Dalam menanggulangi hal ini, pemerintah telah melakukan pelarangan pengemis dan gelandangan yang diatur dalam Pasal 504 dan Pasal 505 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP). Kata pengemis atau peminta-minta itu sendiri disebutkan sebagai sa’il oleh al-Qur’an, penyebutannya selalu dibarengi oleh kalimat pemberian harta, baik sedekah atau zakat. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwasanya al-Qur’an ingin mengentaskan realitas sai’il yang ada di masyarakat dengan memberi hak mereka untuk mendapatkan zakat ataupun sedekah. Dalam artikel ini, penulis akan membahas makna sa’il dalam al-Qur’an dan bagaimana solusi penanggulangannya dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitik untuk menjabarkan data-data yang telah terkumpul.Kata Kunci: larangan mengemis, Pengemis (sa’il), solusi.
Metode Tahfidz Al-Qur’an Untuk Anak Usia Dini (Kajian Atas Buku Rahasia Sukses 3 Hafizh Quran Cilik Mengguncang Dunia)
Authors: Hidayah Aida
Published: August 2019

This article discusses methods of memorizing Qur’an for early childhood, as a form of early childhood education. The methods are very various. They are method of talqin, listening record of murottal, reading mushaf, motion and sign, etc. As one of the methods, the writer specifically talks about a way of memorizing qur’an for early childhood in a family of Kamil el-Laboody written on Rahasia Sukses 3 Hafizh Qur’an Cilik Mengguncang Dunia. He successfully educated his three children to be hafiz^ in their early childhood in 4,5 years old. Before entering the main idea, the writer elaborates how Islam (Qur’an and Hadis) and science talk about memorizing Qur’an for early childhood.Keywords: method, memorizing Qur’an, early childhood.
Eksistensi Sunnah Pada Era Modern Ditengah Pergulatan “Otoritas ReReligius” Di Wilayah Mesir Pakistan (Studi Atas Pemikiran Daniel W Brown)
Authors: Rahmatullah Lutfi
Published: August 2019

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengelaborasi dinamika eksistensi sunnah yang berakar pada problem utama yang dihadapi ummat Islam pada abad modern yakni “pergulatan otoritas religius”, kondisi yang merupakan implikasi dari proses kebangkitan Islam sebagai buah dari tuntutan modernitas. Konsekuensi dari situsasi ini menggiring kaum Muslim untuk “memikirkan kembali” (rethinking) bahkan menuntut diadakannya reformasi terhadap “fondasi fondasi esensial/sunnah” yang selalu menjadi otoritas referensial bagi mereka. Trending topic dalam pergulatan yang terus berlangsung ini adalah mengenai hakikat, status dan otoritas sunnah. Kondisi ini menempatkan “sunnah/hadis” menjadi isue sentral serta perdebatan kontroversial dalam krisis dunia Islam modern. Daniel W. Brown melalui penelitiannya dengan tema: Rethinking Tradition In Modern Islamic Thought, New York USA: Cambridge University Press, pada tahun 1996. Mengulas secara gamblang perdebatan seputar sunnah dikaitkan dengan serbuan modernitas. Brown melihat secara tajam pengaruh modernitas terhadap persepsi kaum muslim tentang sunnah Nabi, yang kemudian membentuk tipologi sikap mereka yang tetap berakar pada tradisi mereka sendiri. Melalui paper/makalah ini penulis mencoba untuk memaparkan lebih lanjut perdebatan tersebut. Pertanyaan mendasar yang hendak dijawab melalui tulisan ini adalah, apa pokok-pokok fikiran Daniel W Brown yang berkaitan dengan discourses mengenai sunnah pada abad modern khususnya di wilayah Pakistan danMesir, bagaimana relevansi kajian tersebut dari perspektif historisitas sunnah pada masa klasik ?Kata Kunci: Sunnah, Hadis, Otoritas, Modernitas
Uli al-Amr dalam Alquran: Sebuah Aplikasi Teori Kontekstual Abdullah Saeed
Authors: Rahman MIftahur
Published: August 2019

Artikel ini membahas tentang persoalan makna dari u>li al-amr dalam Alqur’an. Sejauh ini, pemaknaan terhadap u>li@ al-amr masih menuai perdebatan. Sebut saja seperti persoalan penetapan Syawal dan persoalan nikah sirri (baca: nikah secara samar atau tanpa pengakuan negara). Perbedaan tersebut disebabkan karena terdapat pemaknaan yang berbeda terhadap kata u>li@ al-amr ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori kontekstual Abdullah Saeed. Abdullah Saeed menawarkan sistem interpretasi kontekstual yang meliputi, pertama, analisis linguistik dan telaah asba>b an-nuzul mikro-makro. Kedua, penafsiran ulama dari generasi ke generasi. Ketiga, yakni kontekstualisasi. Ketiganya akan digunakan untuk melihat makna historis dan makna kontemporer u>lil al-amr.Kata Kunci: u>li@ al-amr, kontemporer, Abdullah Saeed.
IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE OF EMERGENCY WITHIN THE CONSTITUSIONAL LAW SYSTEM IN INDONESIA
Authors: Bima Muhammad Rinaldy
Published: August 2019

This research aims at analyzing the state governance practice which frequently and extraordinarily takes place when governing the state administration, in which the common legal system is unable to accommodate the people's interests. Self-governance is highly necessary that the state function may effectively run independently as the state organ by ensuring respect and compliance of right guaranteed by the state 1945 constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD NRI 1945) as the highest legal document in governing the state. The legal equipment should be able to anticipate various possibilities of emergency conditions to ensure the sustainability of state life
Biomarker-assisted identification of sepsis-related acute liver impairment: a frequent and deadly condition in critically ill patients
Authors: Jensen Jens-Ulrik Stæhr , Peters Lars , Itenov Theis S. , Bestle Morten , Thormar Katrin M. , Mohr Thomas T. , Lundgren Bettina , Grarup Jesper , Lundgren Jens D
Published: August 2019

Background

The prognostic impact of mild/moderate liver impairment among critically ill patients is not known. We aimed to determine whether acute liver impairment, as measured by several biomarkers, (i) is frequent, (ii) influences prognosis and (iii) to determine whether such an effect is specific for infected critically ill patients.

Methods

A biomarker and clinical cohort study based on a randomized controlled trial. All-cause mortality was the primary endpoint. Biomarkers hyaluronic acid (HA), bilirubin, albumin, alkaline phosphatase and the international normalized ratio (INR) were determined. Multivariable statistics were applied to estimate risk increase according to liver biomarker increase at baseline and the model was adjusted for age, APACHE II, severe sepsis/septic shock vs. milder infection, chronic alcohol abuse Charlson’s co-morbidity index, cancer disease, surgical or medical patient, body mass index, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate, mechanical ventilation and the other biomarkers. Time-to-event graphs were used. The patients were critically ill patients (n = 1096) from nine mixed medical/surgical intensive care units without known hepatobiliary disease.

Results

HA levels differed between infected patients (median 210.8 ng/mL [IQR: 93.2–556.6]) vs. the non-infected (median 56.8 ng/mL [IQR: 31.9–116.8], p < 0.001). Serum HA quartiles 2, 3 and 4 were independent predictors of 90-day all-cause mortality for the entire population (infected and non-infected). However, the signal was driven by the infected patients (positive interaction test, no signal in non-infected patients). Among infected patients, HA quartiles corresponded directly to the 90-day risk of dying: 1st quartile: 57/192 = 29.7%, 2nd quartile: 84/194 = 43.3%, 3rd quartile: 90/193 = 46.6%, 4th quartile: 101/192 = 52.3 %, p for trend: <0.0001. This finding was confirmed in adjusted analyses: hazard ratio vs. 1st quartile: 2nd quartile: 1.3 [0.9–1.8], p = 0.14, 3rd quartile: 1.5 [1.1–2.2], p = 0.02, 4th quartile: 1.9 [1.3–2.6], p < 0.0001). High bilirubin was also an independent predictor of mortality.

Conclusions

Among infected critically ill patients, subtle liver impairment, (elevated HA and bilirubin), was associated with a progressive and highly increased risk of death for the patient; this was robust to adjustment for other predictors of mortality. HA can identify patients at high risk.
Automated measurement of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate: method validation and comparison
Authors: Lapić Ivana , Piva Elisa , Spolaore Federica , Tosato Francesca , Pelloso Michela , Plebani Mario
Published: August 2019

Background

Development of automated analyzers for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) has imposed the need for extensive validation prior to their implementation in routine practice, to ensure comparability with the reference Westergren method. The aim of our study was to perform the analytical validation of two automated ESR analyzers, the Ves-Matic Cube 200 and the TEST1.

Methods

Validation was performed according to the recent International Council for Standardization in Hematology recommendations and included determination of intrarun and inter-run precision, assessment of sample carryover, hemolysis interference, sensitivity to fibrinogen, method comparison with the gold standard Westergren method and stability test.

Results

The highest intrarun imprecision was obtained for the low ESR range (33.5% for Ves-Matic Cube; 37.3% for TEST1) while inter-run coefficients of variation on three levels were much better for the TEST1 (0%, 2% and 1.2%) compared to the Ves-Matic Cube 200 on two levels (24.9% and 5.8%). Both Ves-Matic Cube 200 and TEST1 showed no statistically significant difference when compared with Westergren. Bland-Altman analysis yielded overall insignificant mean biases for all comparisons, but a wider dispersion of results and 95% limits of agreement for comparisons including the Ves-Matic Cube 200. Carryover was considered insignificant, while hemolysis had a negative effect on all assessed ESR methods. The highest sensitivity to fibrinogen was observed for the Ves-Matic Cube 200, followed by Westergren and the least sensitive was the TEST1.

Conclusions

The obtained results proved the analytical validity of the TEST1 and the Ves-Matic Cube 200, and high comparability with the gold standard Westergren method, showing obvious improvements in standardization of ESR methods.
Assessment of Proportional Integral Derivative Control Loops for Large Dominant Time Constant Processes
Authors: Begum K. Ghousiya , Rao A. Seshagiri , Radhakrishnan T. K.
Published: August 2019

This manuscript deals with the assessment of parallel form of proportional integral derivative (PID) control structure for tracking the reference input designed for large dominant time constant processes whose dynamics are slow (integrating processes). The theoretical bound of integral absolute error (IAE) which is established for unstable first order process is extended to pure integrating process without using any approximations. This relies on direct synthesis tuning (DS) and the theoretical bound is obtained from the transfer function of closed loop system subjected to ramp input changes. An error based performance index is formulated on the basis of this IAE theoretical bound and actual IAE, to measure the behaviour of the controller employed for non self regulating (integrating) processes. This error based index evaluates the performance of closed loop controller and specifies whether the controller requires retuning or not. A sequence of simulated examples is used to illustrate the benefit and effectiveness of this new performance assessment method.
Preparation and Properties of Blast Furnace Slag Glass Ceramics Containing Cr2O3
Authors: Wang Yi-ci , Xin Wen-bin , Huo Xiao-geng , Luo Guo-ping , Zhang Fang
Published: August 2019

In this study, the blast furnace slag of the Baotou Steel and Iron Company was used as the main raw material to prepare glass ceramics with diopside as the main crystal phase. The composition of the parent glass was designed by thermodynamic calculations with FactSage software. Small amounts of the nucleation agent Cr2O3were then added to the parent glass to induce crystallization. Differential thermal analysis was used to determine the nucleation and crystallization temperatures of the glasses, and scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were adopted to determine the microstructures and phase compositions of the glasses after heat treatment, respectively. The results showed that glass ceramics of the diopside phase can be prepared with up to 73 wt% blast furnace slag when 1.44–1.91 wt% Cr2O3is added, and the ceramics have uniform compact grains and a high bending strength of about 84.6–101.7 MPa. In addition, the mechanical properties are better than those of natural marble and granite. These results provide basic information and a scientific basis for industrial production of diopside glass ceramics using molten blast furnace slag as the main raw material.
Fanakalo as a mining language in South Africa: A new overview
Authors: Mesthrie Rajend
Published: August 2019

Fanakalo pidgin rose to prominence when it was selected for use as the lingua franca of the highly multilingual mines of South Africa. This article examines the properties of Fanakalo as a mining language, in contrast to its uses on farms, suburban households and in urban employment. Fanakalo has evolved a special register of technical terms pertaining to the mining industry from various sources (chiefly Zulu, English and Afrikaans). This article characterizes lexical innovations in this mining register and corrects previous estimates of the sources of innovation by differentiating the major parts of speech. The article also draws attention to the complexity of Fanakalo in pamphlets put out by mining management, in sharp contrast to the more usual kind of Fanakalo documented in earlier sources. As far as mining language policy is concerned, there have been calls in the last few decades to discontinue its use on the mines on the grounds of its associations with colonial and racial domination. Whereas Fanakalo has been invariably denigrated by intellectuals as a language of oppression rather than culture, there have been some surprising recent developments. In the wake of the tragedy at Marikana mines in 2012, where 34 workers on strike were shot and killed by police, Fanakalo has come to prominence as the language preferred by the strikers for mass meetings and negotiations with management. This process offers possibilities of the linguistic elaboration of the pidgin and raises questions about possible creolization.
Grammatical features of a moribund coalminers’ language in a Belgian cité
Authors: Pecht Nantke
Published: August 2019

This article investigates grammatical features ofCité Duits, a moribund in-group coalminers’ language spoken in the town of Eisden in Belgian Limburg. Based on audio data from eight multilingual speakers collected through a method of sociolinguistic interviews in 2015, I show that certain features are a fusion of Belgian Dutch, German and the Maaslands dialect spoken in this area, in addition to ‘well-known’ and ‘new’ features. Since grammatical properties of this contact variety have hardly been researched yet, this contribution aims at filling this gap by providing a first analysis of selected morphosyntactic features including negation, bare NPs, non-inverted V3s and participle formation. Building on Aboh’s hybridity approach to the emergence of grammar (2017), I suggest that Cité Duits displays a recombination of linguistic features that have become part of a stable system over the decades. The basic idea is that speakers are capable of weaving together abstract properties of different varieties present in the input. Research on this mining language is therefore an extraordinary opportunity to investigate language and dialect contact, largely because of its recent emergence and direct information about the first generation of speakers and their social ties.
Crystal structure of (E)-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(pyridin-2-yl)methanimine, C12H9ClN2
Authors: Diko Nyameka , Zamisa Sizwe J. , Friedrich Holger B. , Shozi Mzamo L.
Published: August 2019

C12H9ClN2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 19.0184(3) Å, b = 4.81220(10) Å, c = 11.3896(2) Å, β = 107.388(1)°, Z = 4, V = 994.75(3) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0284, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0800, T = 100(2) K.
Investigation on Performance of Compressor Cascade with Tubercle Leading Edge Blade
Authors: Baofeng Tu , Kai Zhang , Jun Hu
Published: August 2019

In order to improve compressor performance using a new design method, which originates from the fins on a humpback whale, experimental tests and numerical simulations were undertaken to investigate the influence of the tubercle leading edge on the aerodynamic performance of a linear compressor cascade with a NACA 65–010 airfoil. The results demonstrate that the tubercle leading edge can improve the aerodynamic performance of the cascade in the post-stall region by reducing total pressure loss, with a slight increase in total pressure loss in the pre-stall region. The tubercles on the leading edge of the blades cause the flow to migrate from the peak to the valley on the blade surface around the tubercle leading edge by the butterfly flow. The tubercle leading edge generates the vortices similar to those created by vortex generators, splitting the large-scale separation region into multiple smaller regions.
Participants' Perceptions and the Implementation of a Physical Fitness Screen for Aging Adults
Authors: Puthoff Michael
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose:

Physical therapists have been called upon to conduct annual screens focused on optimizing movement and slowing the progression of impairments in body functions. Screens are thought to be important, especially in an aging population, but there are limited data on participants' impression of screening and their implementation into practice. The first objective of this study was to examine aging adults' perception of a physical therapist–led physical fitness screening tool, the Adult Functional Independence Test (A-Fit). The A-Fit is a comprehensive screen that includes tests of posture, flexibility, balance, mobility, endurance, and strength for those aged 50 years and older. The second objective was to examine the practicality and implementation of the A-Fit, taking into consideration time requirements and the ability of the test components to identify deficits.

Methods:

This was a cohort study using a convenience sample of 37 participants (26/11 females/males, mean age = 59.6 years). A physical therapist performed the A-Fit to assess participants' physical fitness and then developed a physical activity plan to address the participants' deficits and goals. Performance on the A-Fit, the relationship between the components of the A-Fit, and time to complete the A-Fit were examined. One week after the session, participants' perceptions of the A-Fit and the overall session were assessed by survey.

Results and Discussion:

Participants strongly agreed that the screen was beneficial, useful, and worth their time. Fifty-eight percent of participants would repeat the A-Fit annually and 42% would pay for this service. Seventy-four percent reported that they would pay between $1 and $100. The average session length was 75 (SD = 13.4) minutes. On average, participants had 5.2 (SD = 3) deficits in physical fitness. Deficits in upper body strength and balance were the most frequent areas of deficits. Only single leg stance balance and ankle strength were highly correlated indicating that most of the A-Fit components were measuring different aspects of fitness.

Conclusion:

The A-Fit could be a feasible screening tool for physical therapists to implement in the clinical setting and have value in identifying aging adults with declines in physical fitness and those who would benefit from further interventions.
Preparing for a National Weightlifting Championship: A Case Series
Authors: Travis S. Kyle , Mizuguchi Satoshi , Stone Michael H. , Sands William A. , Bazyler Caleb D.
Published: August 2019

Travis, SK, Mizuguchi, S, Stone, MH, Sands, WA, and Bazyler, CD. Preparing for a national weightlifting championship: A case series. J Strength Cond Res 34(7): 1842–1850, 2020—This study aimed to characterize psychological, physiological, and performance changes of a high-level female (24.5 years; 53.8 ± 0.3 kg; 155.4 cm) and male (25.8 years; 92.7 ± 1.2 kg; 189 cm) weightlifter over 28 weeks while preparing for a national championship. Body mass, hydration, psychological inventories, serum biomarkers, vastus lateralis muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), and squat jump (SJ) performance were assessed weekly beginning 11 weeks from the competition date. Weightlifting performance goals were met for the female athlete (actual total = 159 kg) but not for the male athlete (actual total = 292 kg). Reductions in vastus lateralis CSA possibly took place the week leading into competition for both athletes. Both athletes reported positive recovery-stress states on the day of competition relative to baseline values. Fluctuations between steroid hormone concentrations and inflammatory markers were unpredictable and inconsistent for both athletes throughout the training program. Unloaded SJ height and rate of force development were the highest on competition day for both athletes. Based on these findings, it is possible for high-level male and female weightlifters to achieve and maintain peak preparedness 3–4 days before competition following a 1-week overreach and 3-week exponential taper, where training volume-load is reduced by half and intensity maintained or slightly increased relative to pretaper values. Furthermore, the short recovery and stress scale and SJ testing seem to be useful tools for sport scientists and coaches when monitoring high-level weightlifters preparing for competition.
Don’t Forget the Model in Your Model-based Reliability Coefficients: A Reply to McNeish (2018)
Authors: Savalei Victoria , Reise Steven P.
Published: August 2019

McNeish (2018) advocates that researchers abandon coefficient alpha in favor of alternative reliability measures, such as the 1-factor reliability (coefficient omega), a total reliability coefficient based on an exploratory bifactor solution (“Revelle’s omega total”), and the glb (“greatest lower bound”). McNeish supports this argument by demonstrating that these coefficients produce higher sample values in several examples. We express three main disagreements with this article. First, we show that McNeish exaggerates the extent to which alpha is different from omega when unidimensionality holds. Second, we argue that, when unidimensionality is violated, most alternative reliability coefficients are model-based, and it is critical to carefully select the underlying latent variable model rather than relying on software defaults. Third, we point out that higher sample reliability values do not necessarily capture population reliability better: many alternative reliability coefficients are upwardly biased except in very large samples. We conclude with a set of alternative recommendations for researchers.
Safety of medical adjustment and confirmatory testing in the diagnostic work-up of primary aldosteronism
Authors: Heinrich Daniel A , Adolf Christian , Quinkler Marcus , Holler Finn , Lechner Benjamin , Nirschl Nina , Sturm Lisa , Görge Veronika , Beuschlein Felix , Reincke Martin
Published: August 2019

Objective

Saline infusion test (SIT) and captopril challenge test (CCT) are standard confirmatory procedures routinely used in the diagnostic work-up of primary aldosteronism (PA). However, side effects and complications during testing have not been systematically studied.

Design

We performed a cohort study with patients undergoing SIT and/or CCT in two centers from 2016 until 2018.

Methods

We studied 272 study participants with suspected PA enrolled at two outpatient centers in Germany. We assessed the frequency and severity of side effects during adjustment of blood pressure medication and during SIT and CCT.

Results

During the adjustment phase prior confirmatory testing, side effects including palpitations, headaches, edema and hypertensive episodes occurred in 18.4% of study participants. Side effects were associated with higher defined daily doses (DDD) (r = 0.25, P < 0.005), number of antihypertensive drugs (r = 0.285, P < 0.005) and higher blood pressure (r = 0.145, P = 0.019). During SIT, 17.5% of study participants had side effects, associated with higher blood pressure (systolic: r = 0.541, P < 0.0005; diastolic: r = 0.426, P < 0.0005) and DDDs (r = 0.727, P < 0.0005). During CCT, only 1.5% of study participants developed side effects.

Conclusions

In contrast to the high rate of side effects during SIT, CCT appears to be the safer test with a very low event rate. This makes CCT especially suitable for severely hypertensive patients.
Adaptation by Loss of Heterozygosity inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeClones Under Divergent Selection
Authors: James Timothy Y , Michelotti Lucas A , Glasco Alexander D , Clemons Rebecca A , Powers Robert A , James Ellen S , Simmons D Rabern , Bai Fengyan , Ge Shuhua
Published: August 2019

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is observed during vegetative growth and reproduction of diploid genotypes through mitotic crossovers, aneuploidy caused by nondisjunction, and gene conversion. We aimed to test the role that LOH plays during adaptation of two highly heterozygous Saccharomyces cerevisiae genotypes to multiple environments over a short time span in the laboratory. We hypothesized that adaptation would be observed through parallel LOH events across replicate populations. Using genome resequencing of 70 clones, we found that LOH was widespread with 5.2 LOH events per clone after ∼500 generations. The most common mode of LOH was gene conversion (51%) followed by crossing over consistent with either break-induced replication or double Holliday junction resolution. There was no evidence that LOH involved nondisjunction of whole chromosomes. We observed parallel LOH in both an environment-specific and environment-independent manner. LOH largely involved recombining existing variation between the parental genotypes, but also was observed after de novo, presumably beneficial, mutations occurred in the presence of canavanine, a toxic analog of arginine. One highly parallel LOH event involved the ENA salt efflux pump locus on chromosome IV, which showed repeated LOH to the allele from the European parent, an allele originally derived by introgression from S. paradoxus. Using CRISPR-engineered LOH we showed that the fitness advantage provided by this single LOH event was 27%. Overall, we found extensive evidence that LOH could be adaptive and is likely to be a greater source of initial variation than de novo mutation for rapid evolution of diploid genotypes.
Environmental and Leadership Factors as Correlates of Team Performance Satisfaction of North-East Football Clubs in Nigeria Premier League
Authors: Tikon Bulus , Likki Nahson, Hananiah, , Hamafyelto Stephen, Sana’ah
Published: August 2019

This study examined cohesion (Environmental and Leadership) factors as correlates of team performance satisfaction of North- East Football Clubs in Nigeria Premier League in 2013/2014 season. To achieve this, the study was guided by two hypotheses. A correlational research design was used for this study and the population for the study was made up of all the registered players of three north- east football clubs in Nigeria premier league in 2013/2014 season. Comprehensive sampling technique was used for the study. One hundred and five (105) players were used for the study. A modified 52- item questionnaire and  17- item Self – Developed scale on team Performance Satisfaction Questionnaire (TPSQ) were used to collect information from the respondents with a reliability coefficient of 0.856. A modified 4 point Likert Type Scale was used. The Response Mode of Strongly Agree, Agree, Disagree and Strongly Disagree was used. Data were analyzed using inferential statistics of Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMC) to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The results showed that there is significant correlation between cohesion (Environmental and Leadership) factors and team performance satisfaction in the North – East Football Clubs in Nigeria Premier League. This showed that there is team performance satisfaction in three (El-Kanemi Warrirs Football Club, Gombe United Football Club and Taraba United Club) clubs in the North-East Nigeria in 2013/2014 premier league. It was recommended among other things that Coaches and players should adopt good leadership styles to enhance team cohesion and team performance satisfaction
Algorithms of Processing Fluorescence Signals for Mass Parallel Sequencing of Nucleic Acids
Authors: Manoilov Vladimir , Borodinov Andrew , Zarutsky Igor , Petrov Alexander , Kurochkin Vladimir
Published: August 2019

Determination of the nucleotide sequence of DNA or RNA containing from several hundred to hundreds of millions of monomers units allows to obtain detailed information about the genome of humans, animals and plants. The deciphering of nucleic acids’ structure was learned quite a long time ago, but initially the decoding methods were low-performing, inefficient and expensive. Methods for decoding nucleotide nucleic acid sequences are usually called sequencing methods. Instruments designed to implement sequencing methods are called sequencers.

Sequencing new generation (SNP), mass parallel sequencing are related terms that describe the technology of high-performance DNA sequencing in which the entire human genome can be sequenced within a day or two. The previous technology used to decipher the human genome required more than ten years to get final results.

A hardware-software complex (HSC) is being developed to decipher the nucleic acid sequence (NA) of pathogenic microorganisms using the method of NGS in the Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

The software included in the HSC plays an essential role in solving genome deciphering problems. The purpose of this article is to show the need to create algorithms for the software of the HSC for processing signals obtained in the process of genetic analysis when solving genome deciphering problems, and also to demonstrate the capabilities of these algorithms.

The paper discusses the main problems of signal processing and methods for solving them, including: automatic and semi-automatic focusing, background correction, detection of cluster images, estimation of the coordinates of their positions, creation of templates of clusters of NA molecules on the surface of the reaction cell, correction of influence neighboring optical channels for intensities of signals and the assessment of the reliability of the results of genetic analysis
Parametric Optimization of Packet Transmission with Resending Packets Mechanism
Authors: Kuznetsov Nikolay , Semenikhin Konstantin
Published: August 2019

The data transmission process is modelled by a Markov closed queuing network, which consists of two stations. The primary station describes the process of sending packets over a lossy channel by means of a finite and single-channel queue. The auxiliary station, being a multichannel queuing system, accumulates packets lost by the primary station and forwards them back for retrial. The transmission rate at the primary station and the retrial rate at the auxiliary station are in the specified ranges and are subject to optimization in order to minimize the time of successful delivery and the amount of network resources used. The explicit expressions for these characteristics are derived in the steady-state mode in order to formulate the problem of bi-criterion optimization. The optimal policies are established in two scenarios: the first problem is to minimize the average time of successful transmission with limited resources; the second problem is to minimize the consumption of network resources under the constraint on the time for successful transmission. The set of Pareto-optimal policies is obtained by solving the problem of minimization of the augmented functional. The quality characteristics of approximate solutions that do not take into account the service rate in the auxiliary system are analyzed.