bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MRI conditional safety of mixed systems: Study of the impact of active implant medical device impedance on the radiofrequency‐induced lead heating
Authors: Fall Abdou Khadir , Guraliuc Anda Raluca , Monfret Nicolas , Setzu Romano
Published: January 2023

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to study the impact of pulse generator small impedance variations on the overall radiofrequency (RF)‐induced heating of a cardiac rhythm management (CRM) lead in a 1.5 T MR system.

Methods

An analysis was conducted on two CRM pacing leads with different structural designs. The leads were connected to three CRM devices belonging to different technological platforms: two pacemakers and a cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT‐D). All pulse generators had a small (< ) RF input impedance compared to the overall system (pulse generator and lead) impedance. In addition, two Dummy load devices with an input impedance that is not negligible compared to the lead impedance were also studied. The implantable systems were studied in terms of RF deposited power at the lead electrodes, which is proportional to the RF‐induced heating.

Results

Results show that both leads behave very similarly in terms of RF deposited power for the same in‐vivo tangential E‐field excitation when mounting any of the pulse generators; reported differences are well below the combined uncertainty . On the other hand, both Dummy load devices resulted in a RF deposited power which differs from the other pulse generators by values larger than the combined uncertainty.

Conclusion

The results of our experimental analysis show that different pulse generators would not change the RF‐induced heating behavior of a given lead, provided that the pulse generator impedances are small (in our study less than 5%) compared to the overall system impedance.
Health equilibrium in Korean adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A hybrid concept analysis
Authors: Seo Kawoun , Song Youngshin
Published: January 2023

Aim

The aim of the study was to provide a concept analysis of health equilibrium among patients with diabetes and introduced its operational definition.

Design

A concept analysis was conducted using a hybrid model of Schwartz‐Barcott and Kim (Nursing research methodology: issues and implementations, Aspen, 1986).

Methods

Using consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research guidelines, 10 participants with diabetes mellitus were interviewed. Each participant conducted at least two interviews, with each interview session lasting approximately 20–60 min at home or in a quiet place with some privacy. Data were analysed using a grounded theory approach.

Results

The health equilibrium concept included four categories with 12 attributes: cognitive (commitment to health, willingness to make life adjustments, balanced awareness, maintaining control), social (social role performance, holding a social support system, participation in social relationships), behavioural (leading a balanced life, making efforts to maintain health, modulating overreaction diabetes) and psychological (hopefulness for a healthy life psychological stability) factors. Thus, health equilibrium was defined as a state in which remain committed to health, while maintaining a stable daily life, social relationships and psychological stability despite prejudices against the disease and self‐care experiences.

Conclusion

Health equilibrium for diabetes patients was defined as maintaining cognitive, social, behavioural and psychological equilibrium as a process of willingly adjusting to life with diabetes. This can help people with diabetes improve self‐care and maintain social roles.
Aspiration Prevention Surgery: Clinical Factors Associated With Improvements in Oral Status Intake and Suction Frequency
Authors: Koyama Misaki , Ueha Rumi , Sato Taku , Goto Takao , Yamauchi Akihito , Kaneoka Asako , Suzuki Sayaka , Nito Takaharu , Yamasoba Tatsuya
Published: January 2023

Objective

In recent years, the use of aspiration prevention surgery (APS) for the treatment of severe dysphagia has been on the rise. However, relevant clinical studies have included small samples, and the frequency of, and risk factors for postoperative complications have not been clarified. We investigated the clinical features of patients undergoing APS and whether oral‐intake status and suction frequency could be reduced.

Study Design

A case series.

Setting

Single‐institution academic center.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated medical charts generated from 2010 to 2021. The clinical characteristics of patients undergoing APS, changes in the oral‐intake status (Functional Oral Intake Scale, FOIS), suction frequency before and after surgery, risk factors for postoperative complications, and factors contributing to improvements in postoperative oral‐intake status were retrieved.

Results

We included the data of 100 patients (median age: 65 years, 72 men). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was the most common primary disease (28%), and glottis closure was the most common APS (69%). Postoperatively, 78% of patients showed improvements in the FOIS score, and suction frequency decreased in 85% of cases. Postoperative complications were observed in 10 patients (10%), wound infection in 6, and bleeding in 4; all improved. Higher preoperative FOIS scores were significantly associated with postoperative complications (p = 0.02).

Conclusion

APS contributed to improving the FOIS score and helped reduce the suction frequency in most cases. APS can be performed safely with proper perioperative management, even in patients with poor preoperative general conditions and nutritional status.
A Survival Nomogram Containing Lymph Node Ratio for Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients After Neck Dissection
Authors: Li Feiran , Huang Qiang , Hsueh Chiyao , Huang Huiying , Zhu Yi , Gong Hongli , Tao Lei , Zhou Liang , Zhang Ming
Published: January 2023

Objective

The purpose of our study is to establish a survival nomogram based on lymph node ratio (LNR) in hypopharyngeal carcinoma.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) is prone to regional metastasis. Emerging evidence has shown that LNR is a promising prognostic factor in HPSCC.

Methods

From January 2004 to January 2018, 411 HPSCC patients who underwent neck dissection at our institution were retrospectively studied. The enrolled patients were divided into training and validation cohorts at a ratio of 7:3. A survival nomogram was finally built based on factors screened from multivariate analysis using the bidirectional stepwise method.

Results

LNR was superior to other nodal classifications for survival prediction and was used to establish the R classification. A nomogram was developed using R classification (p < .001), pT classification (p < .001), tumor invasive depth (p < .001), and internal jugular vein adhesion (p = .001). The C‐indexes were 0.712 and 0.703 in the training and validation dataset. The 36‐ and 60‐month AUCs were 0.767 and 0.766 in the training dataset and 0.713 and 0.757 in the validation dataset, respectively. The calibration curves showed relatively good agreement between the predicted and actual probability.

Conclusion

Based on the LNR, we developed a survival nomogram for HPSCC after neck dissection, which will be a practical tool to discriminate patients with different survival risks.
Climate Change and Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: Haugen Thorsen , Prichardo Priscilla , Hellums Ryan , Lindemann Logan
Published: January 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic has illustrated that global events can have a profound impact on our health systems. While the pandemic is unprecedented, it does underscore the need to prepare for future global health concerns. Climate change is a looming threat with significant consequences for otolaryngologists and our patients. In this commentary, we discuss the need to assess our preparedness for climate change as well as the importance of reflecting on our responsibility to minimize our footprint.
Comparative Treatment Outcomes for Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis: 5‐Year Update
Authors: Tierney William S. , Huang Li‐Ching , Chen Sheau‐Chiann , Berry Lynn D. , Anderson Catherine , Amin Milan R. , Benninger Michael S. , Blumin Joel H. , Bock Jonathan M. , Bryson Paul C. , Castellanos Paul F. , Clary Matthew S. , Cohen Seth M. , Crawley Brianna K. , Dailey Seth H. , Daniero James J. , de Alarcon Alessandro , Donovan Donald T. , Edell Eric S. , Ekbom Dale C. , Fink Daniel S. , Franco Ramon A. , Garrett Catherine Gaelyn , Guardiani Elizabeth A. , Hillel Alexander T. , Hoffman Henry T. , Hogikyan Norman D. , Howell Rebecca J. , Johns Michael M. , Kasperbauer Jan L. , Khosla Sid M. , Kinnard Cheryl , Kupfer Robbi A. , Langerman Alexander J. , Lentz Robert J. , Lorenz Robert R. , Lott David G. , Makani Samir S. , Maldonado Fabien , Matrka Laura , McWhorter Andrew J. , Merati Albert L. , Mori Matthew , Netterville James L. , O'Dell Karla , Ongkasuwan Julina , Postma Gregory N. , Reder Lindsay S. , Rohde Sarah L. , Richardson Brent E. , Rickman Otis B. , Rosen Clark A. , Rohlfing Matthew , Rutter Michael J. , Sandhu Guri S. , Schindler Joshua S. , Schneider Glenn Todd , Shah Rupali N. , Sikora Andrew G. , Sinard Robert J. , Smith Marshall E. , Smith Libby J. , Soliman Ahmed M. S. , Sveinsdóttir Sigríður , Veivers David , Verma Sunil P. , Weinberger Paul M. , Weissbrod Philip A. , Wootten Christopher T. , Shyr Yu , Francis David O. , Gelbard Alexander
Published: January 2023

The North American Airway Collaborative (NoAAC) previously published a 3‐year multi‐institutional prospective cohort study showing variation in treatment effectiveness between 3 primary surgical techniques for idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS). In this report, we update these findings to include 5 years of data evaluating treatment effectiveness. Patients in the NoAAC cohort were re‐enrolled for 2 additional years and followed using the prespecified published protocol. Consistent with prior data, prospective observation of 487 iSGS patients for 5 years showed treatment effectiveness differed by modality. Cricotracheal resection maintained the lowest rate of recurrent operation (5%), followed by endoscopic resection with adjuvant medical therapy (30%) and endoscopic dilation (50%). These data support the initial observations and continue to provide value to providers and patients navigating longitudinal decision‐making.

Level of evidence: 2—prospective cohort study.
Tonsillectomy Outcomes in Children After Solid‐Organ Transplantation: A 15‐Year Single‐Center Experience
Authors: Hazkani Inbal , Hajnas Natalia , Victor Mitchell , Stein Eli , Richardson Aida , Billings Kathleen R.
Published: January 2023

Objective

Solid‐organ transplantation (SOT) has become the standard of care for children with terminal organ failure. Long‐term immunosuppression has improved survival substantially but is associated with secondary malignancies and impaired wound healing. Our goal was to review the incidence, outcomes, complications, and rate of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder on pathologic examination following tonsillectomy/adenotonsillectomy (T/AT) in children after SOT.

Study Design

A retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Tertiary care children's hospital.

Methods

Data were extracted from charts of children with a history of kidney, heart, or liver transplantation, who underwent T/AT between 2006 and 2021.

Results

A total of 110 patients met the inclusion criteria, including 46 hearts, 41 kidneys, 19 livers, and 4 liver‐and‐kidney transplants. The mean age at transplantation was 4.2 years, and the mean transplantation‐to‐T/AT time interval was 28.8 months. The posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder was diagnosed in 52 (47.3%) patients, and 25% of these had no tonsillar hypertrophy. There was no difference in age at transplantation, organ received, transplantation‐to‐T/AT time interval, immunosuppressive medications, tonsil size, or tonsillar asymmetry between patients diagnosed with the posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder and patients with benign tonsillar/adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Posttonsillectomy complications were similar between the groups.

Conclusion

The incidence of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder undergoing tonsillectomy for any indication was 47.3%. There was no association between preoperative signs and symptoms and the histopathological diagnosis of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Stratification by organ received and immunosuppressive medications did not identify differences among the groups relative to the incidence of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder and other postoperative complications.
Detailed analysis of termination kinetics in radical polymerization
Authors: Buback Michael , Russell Gregory T
Published: January 2023

Studies into the termination step of radical polymerization have mostly been carried out via chain‐length‐averaged properties. With the advent of pulsed laser polymerization (PLP) induced by single pulses (SPs), the analysis of termination rate coefficients kt has significantly improved. In conjunction with highly time‐resolved near‐infrared (NIR) detection of monomer consumption, SP‐PLP‐NIR allows for the measurement of chain‐length‐averaged termination rate coefficients as a function of temperature, pressure and degree of monomer conversion. With the addition of a suitable reversible addition−fragmentation chain−transfer agent, this technique even allows for the determination of chain‐length‐dependent termination rate coefficients kti,i, where i refers to the chain length of two terminating radicals of identical size. The decay of kti,i with chain length is more pronounced at small radical size below a crossover chain length ic. At larger chain lengths, kti,i decreases to a weaker extent. Thus, the so‐called composite model is perfectly suited for representing kti,i behaviour across the entire chain‐length range. A further clear improvement of kti,i determination is provided by the SP‐PLP‐EPR method, which directly measures the type and concentration of radicals via microsecond time‐resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. This EPR‐assisted technique is particularly valuable for polymerizations where secondary radicals undergo backbiting and thus two types of radicals, secondary and tertiary, are simultaneously present, as is the case with acrylic monomers. © 2023 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Correlation of thermal, morphological and melt rheological properties of miscible poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(methyl acrylate) and immiscible poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(n‐butyl methacrylate) blends
Authors: Ramli Hairunnisa , Zainal Nurul Fatahah Asyqin , Lai Say Aik , Chan Chin Han
Published: January 2023

This study presents the correlation of thermal, morphological and melt rheological properties of poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(methyl acrylate) (PEO/PMA) blends and PEO/poly(n‐butyl methacrylate) (PEO/PnBMA) blends. The miscibility and correlation of these properties were assessed through thermal analysis such as glass transition temperature (Tg) and apparent melting temperature (Tm), morphological study and melt rheological analysis of the blends. The results show that PEO/PMA blends are miscible as suggested by the number of Tg values that follow the Fox equation and the development of homogeneous mixtures in the molten state (T = 80 °C). On the other hand, PEO/PnBMA blends are immiscible as shown by the constancy of the Tg values of PEO throughout the blend compositions. The immiscibility was confirmed by optical microscopy which shows the matrix‐droplet and co‐continuous morphologies (i.e. heterogeneous mixtures) in the PEO/PnBMA blends at T = 80 °C. Melt rheological properties of the immiscible PEO/PnBMA blends are affected by the blend compositions and show significant deviation from Maxwell behaviour. Conversely, the rheological properties of the miscible PEO/PMA blends show close to Maxwell behaviour. Hence, the correlation of thermal, morphological and melt rheological studies is discussed for both miscible and immiscible PEO/polyacrylate blends. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Rehabilitative exercise scheduling: Effects on balance, functional movement performance, and pain perception in middle‐aged women with knee pain: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Mahdi , Sardroodian Mahta , Razian Mina , Benoit Colleen , Hoogenboom Barbara J.
Published: January 2023

Background

The scheduling of clinical rehabilitative exercise should combine best possible delivery of exercise with the most efficient use of time, facilities, equipment, and personnel. However, it is not clear whether distribution of a fixed amount of exercise volume is more efficient over a longer time period in a week (distributed manner) than over a shorter time period in a week (massed manner).

Objective

To evaluate the effects of distributed versus massed within‐ and between‐session exercise scheduling on balance, exercise performance, and pain perception in middle‐aged women with knee pain.

Participants

Thirty‐four middle‐aged female volunteers (mean age ± SD, 56.0 ± 5.2 years old; mean weight ± SD, 66.9 ± 7.6 kg; mean body mass index [BMI] ± SD, 27.7 ± 2.8 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to one of the three groups consisting of Rehabilitative Massed Scheduling (RMS); Rehabilitative Distributed Scheduling (RDS); or Control group (CG).

Main Outcome Measures

Isometric strength, balance, functional movement performance, and pain perception were assessed at baseline (pre), at week 8 (mid), and 1 week after the full 12 weeks (post) of exercise training or no intervention (CG).

Results

Significant improvements in balance, functional movement performance, and pain perception were found after both RDS and RMS after 8 and 12 weeks compared to the control group (p ˂ .05). Examination of the net changes (% ∆) between RDS and RMS showed a statistically significant difference only in the right 30‐second arm curl records of individuals in the RDS group, which were significantly higher than the RMS group at the post‐test (p ˂ .05).

Conclusion

Rehabilitative training providers are advised to distribute the drills of rehabilitative exercise training within and between the sessions of exercise per week only when a positive Bottom‐Up Rise Strength Transfer effect (BURST) effect of exercise training is needed. Otherwise, if the whole amount of rehabilitative exercise work is identical the benefit of going five versus three times per week to the rehabilitation centers would be similar.
Lethal and sublethal effects of synthetic and bioinsecticides toward the invasive ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus compactus
Authors: Gugliuzzo Antonio , Giuliano Gaetano , Rizzo Roberto , Tropea Garzia Giovanna , Biondi Antonio
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Exotic ambrosia beetles are emerging widespread pests of several wild and managed trees and shrubs. Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff) is one of the most invasive species causing damage to a broad range of host plants. Little information is available on its control, including the impact of insecticides. Bioassays were conducted to evaluate the potential of four bioinsecticides and seven synthetic insecticides in controlling X. compactus. Beetle mortality and sublethal effects on tunneling, cultivation of the mutualist fungus and reproduction were assessed.

RESULTS

Concentration–mortality curves were determined for all tested insecticides. Lambda‐cyhalothrin was the most toxic insecticide, showing the lowest estimated 90% and 50% lethal concentrations (LC90 and LC50), followed by deltamethrin and thiamethoxam. Acetamiprid caused the highest levels of mortality and brood size reduction under extended laboratory conditions. Moreover, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam and lambda‐cyhalothrin caused the greatest mortality and, together with deltamethrin, strongly affected progeny occurrence inside infested galleries and beetle brood size. Among the bioinsecticides, pyrethrins significantly affected beetle survival under laboratory conditions, but not brood size in extended laboratory bioassays. Some of the tested insecticides had significant lethal and sublethal effects only when beetles were exposed to fresher residues, highlighting differences in toxicity persistence.

CONCLUSION

This study provides first baseline toxicity data for synthetic insecticides and bioinsecticides with different modes of action and origin toward X. compactus, and the first evidence that several insecticides can cause multiple sublethal effects on this pest. These findings can help in building suitable integrated pest management packages against this pest. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
The effect of concentrated pomegranate juice on biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and sex hormones in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Abedini Maryam , Ramezani‐Jolfaie Nahid , Ghasemi‐Tehrani Hatav , Tarrahi Mohammad Javad , Amani Reza
Published: January 2023

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecological endocrine disorder. Pomegranate juice (PJ) has been known to play anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant roles. However, the effects of PJ on inflammation, oxidative stress, and sex hormones in PCOS patients are very little studied, and thus more studies are needed. This randomized controlled trial enrolled 44 women diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2, and aged 18–40 years old. Participants were randomly assigned to take 45 ml/day of concentrated PJ or a control group without intervention. Some biomarkers of sex hormones, inflammation, and oxidative stress were quantified at baseline and after the 8‐week intervention. Compared with the controls, serum testosterone levels were significantly decreased in overweight and obese women with PCOS who supplemented with concentrated PJ (−0.004 ± 0.013 vs. 0.039 ± 0.013, p = .039). However, we did not observe significant differences in luteinizing hormone (LH) and sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) levels and inflammation and oxidative stress factors between the two groups after adjustment for confounding variables. An 8‐week supplementation with concentrated PJ could effectively improve testosterone levels in overweight and obese women with PCOS. This study was registered at www.irct.ir (IRCT20191109045383N1).
Reduced circulating BMP9 and pBMP10 in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Dunmore Benjamin J. , Upton Paul D. , Auckland Kate , Samanta Romit J. ,   CITIID‐NIHR BioResource COVID‐19 Collaboration,   The EpiCov Database, Lyons Paul A. , Smith Kenneth G. C. , Gräf Stefan , Summers Charlotte , Morrell Nicholas W.
Published: January 2023

Similar to other causes of acute respiratory distress syndrome, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is characterized by the aberrant expression of vascular injury biomarkers. We present the first report that circulating plasma bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), BMP9 and pBMP10, involved in vascular protection, are reduced in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19.
Folliculocentric Lymphocytic Hypersensitivity Reactions in CLL/SLL Patients: A Unique Clinicopathologic Entity Amongst Non-Specific Hypersensitivity Reactions
Authors: Abbott James , Corean Jessica , Snyder Ashley M. , Florell Scott R. , Miles Rodney , Stephens Deborah , Wada David A.
Published: January 2023

Background

Cutaneous hypersensitivity eruptions in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) are a clinically and histologically heterogeneous group that can either precede, occur with, or follow the development of a hematologic malignancy. Therefore, establishing the diagnosis requires careful clinical and pathologic correlation and an understanding of the broad spectrum of presentations. Data is lacking on the correlation of skin disease with molecular/cytogenetic risk profiling of the tumor.

Objectives

The aims of this study were to characterize the clinical, histological, and genetic aberrations in recurrent cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions in patients with CLL/SLL.

Methods

A single site academic retrospective chart review of medical records, histopathology, molecular and cytogenetic data in CLL/SLL patients who developed biopsy-proven cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions.

Results

Five hundred one new diagnoses of CLL/SLL with 73 patients requiring cutaneous biopsies for skin lesions or rashes were identified. With exclusion criteria, 20 biopsies were identified from 17 patients (mean age, 69.6 years, females = 9) with unexplained cutaneous eruptions. These were commonly pruritic, erythematous papules above the waist. Most biopsies had a prominent superficial, deep dermal eosinophilic infiltrate (85%), with a robust T-cell predominant dermal infiltrate in 40%. Five out of 17 patients (29%) had a predominately folliculocentric CD4+ T-cell infiltrate; all occurring on the head and neck. Overall, the prevalence of cutaneous hypersensitivity eruptions requiring biopsy was 3.4% (n = 17), and the prevalence of folliculocentric CD4+ T-cell infiltrate was 1% (n = 5).

Conclusion

Cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions in CLL/SLL are heterogeneous; however, folliculotropic CD4+ T-cell infiltrates may be seen in a small but distinct clinical subset of patients. Commonly tested cytogenetic aberrations in CLL/SLL do not appear to be correlated with the presence of cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions.
Spectral Splitting as a Route to Promote Total Efficiency of Hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal with a Halide Perovskite Cell
Authors: Wu Zuoxu , Wang Jian , Hou Shuaihang , Yin Li , Qiao Youwei , Tang Zunqian , Zhang Shengnan , Mao Jun , Liu Xingjun , Zhang Qian , Cao Feng
Published: January 2023

Integrating photovoltaic (PV) perovskite solar cells and photothermal (PT) collectors into a hybrid photovoltaic thermal (PVT) is a promising method to further improve the conversion efficiency of solar energy via salvaging the near‐infrared energy. Herein, a 1D photonic crystal of Si/GeO2 to construct a spectrally selective PV–PT splitter that selectively reflects solar energy in the PV band while absorbing the rest is utilized. The fabricated PV–PT splitter reveals a considerable reflectance of 92.3% in the PV band, a comprehensive absorptance of 52.1% in the PT band, as well as good angular independence over a wide incident range of 0–70°. The hybrid PVT design with the Si/GeO2 spectral splitter/absorber and a perovskite solar cell (PSC) acquires a solar‐to‐electrical efficiency of 29.3% higher than the single PSC (24.6%). In addition, the temperature of PSCs in the hybrid PVT design under 1 kW m−2 solar irradiation can be significantly reduced by 15 °C owing to suppression of ineffectively converted incident photons on the PV cells. This appealing strategy highlights a new avenue for further enhancing the total electrical efficiency via broadening the utilization of the entire solar spectrum in the hybrid PVT design integrated with wide‐bandgap perovskite solar cells.
Challenges and Progress in Lead‐Free Halide Double Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ji Fuxiang , Boschloo Gerrit , Wang Feng , Gao Feng
Published: January 2023

Lead‐free halide double perovskites (HDPs) with a chemical formula of A2B+B3+X6 are booming as attractive alternatives to solve the toxicity issue of lead‐based halide perovskites (APbX3). HDPs show excellent stability, a wide range of possible combinations, and attractive optoelectronic features. Although a number of novel HDPs have been studied, the power conversion efficiency of the state‐of‐the‐art double perovskite solar cell is still far inferior to that of the dominant Pb‐based ones. Understanding the fundamental challenges is essential for further increasing device efficiency. In this review, HDPs with attractive electronic and optical properties are focused on, and current challenges in material properties and device fabrication that limit high‐efficiency photovoltaics are analyzed. Finally, the promising approaches and views to overcome these bottlenecks are highlighted.
Prebiotic‐Based Nanoamorphous Atorvastatin Attenuates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Retrieving Gut and Liver Health
Authors: Cui Jin-Jin , Li Rui , Ma Xiao-Lei , Yu Hao-Yang , Luo Zhi-Gang , Du Peng , Ren Ling , Ding Xiao , Guo Xiu-Ping , Zheng Wen-Sheng , Jiang Jian-Dong , Che Yongsheng , Wang Lu-Lu
Published: January 2023

The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is multifactorial and composite, with the disorder of lipid metabolism‐induced lipotoxicity being one of the main risk factors. Atorvastatin (AT), the most widely prescribed lipid‐lowering drug, has pleiotropic actions benefiting NAFLD treatment. However, low absorption rate in the gut and potential disruption of AT on gut flora hindered its further applications. Notably, gut dysbiosis is involved in and is thus a promising management strategy for NAFLD. In this study, we constructed a prebiotic‐based AT nanoamorphous (PANA) to improve the efficacy of AT against NAFLD by retrieving liver and gut health. After oral administration, PANA showed superior drug accumulation in the liver tissue compared with pure AT. Moreover, PANA intervention effectively restored gut healthiness, indicated by reconstructed gut flora, and improved intestinal immunity, barrier integrity, and inflammation. Consequently, compared with AT, PANA treatment caused profound inhibition of weight gain and fat deposition, decreased plasma lipid levels, and alleviated hepatic steatosis and liver inflammation. The transcriptome analysis in the gut and liver tissues identified improved immunity and inflammation as potential mechanisms. This study suggests a promising strategy to treat NAFLD, assisted with nanotechnology in synergy with functional biomaterials.
Behavior of lap splices in reinforced concrete beams after bar yielding
Authors: Haavisto Jukka , Alho Heikki , Laaksonen Anssi
Published: January 2023

Structural ductility in the case of plastic hinges forming close to a lap splice has been an open issue with the revision process of the next version of Eurocode EC2 concerning reinforced‐concrete structures. This research has provided experimental evidence by the large experimental campaign for the background for revision of the Eurocode EC2. Within this context, 38 specimens were tested in four‐point bending, with the longitudinal bars either lap‐spliced (partly or fully), or un‐spliced (for reference). The tests were carried out involving the variation of the bar diameter (12, 16, 20, and 25 mm), and the lap length (20–60 times the bar diameter). The main result is the sizeable enhancement of the structural ductility brought in by the extension of the lap length in excess of the length required by the yielding of the longitudinal bars. Based on these findings, a preliminary model is developed to describe the bond‐stress profiles in lap splices, after the yielding of the bars.
GPX4 utilization by selenium is required to alleviate cadmium‐induced ferroptosis and pyroptosis in sheep kidney
Authors: Wang Li , Yang Fan , Hu Mingwen , Chen Guiping , Wang Yun , Xue Haotian , Fu Danghua , Bai He , Hu Guoliang , Cao Huabin
Published: January 2023

Cadmium (Cd), a persistent and harmful heavy metal in the environment, can accumulate in the kidneys and cause nephrotoxicity. Selenium (Se) is a beneficial natural element that alleviates the toxicity of Cd. To ascertain the relationship between the protective mechanism of Se against Cd nephrotoxicity and ferroptosis and pyroptosis, we randomly divided 48 sheep into four groups and treated them with Cd chloride and/or sodium selenite for 50 days. The data confirmed that Cd apparently resulted in impaired kidney histology and function, depletion of GSH and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate contents and CAT and SOD activities, elevation of MDA level, as well as the reduction in selenoprotein mRNA (GPX1, GPX4, TXNRD1, SELP) levels and GPX4 protein level and immunofluorescence intensity. Meanwhile, Cd induced ferroptosis by causing iron overload, up‐regulating PTGS2, NCOA4, TFR1, and LC3B mRNA levels and PTGS2 and LC3B‐II/LC3B‐I protein levels, reducing SLC7A11 and FTH1 mRNA and protein levels, and enhancing the immunofluorescence co‐localization of FTH1/LC3B. Moreover, it was also found that Cd triggered pyroptosis, which was evidenced by the increase of NLRP3 immunohistochemical positive signal, GSDMD‐N immunofluorescence intensity, IL‐1β and IL‐18 release and the levels of pyroptosis‐related mRNA (NLRP3, ASC, Caspase‐1, GSDMD, IL‐1β and IL‐18) and proteins (NLRP3, Caspase‐1p20, GSDMD‐N, IL‐1β and IL‐18). Notably, Se increased the expression level of GPX4 and the transcription factors TFAP2c and SP1, and ameliorated Cd‐induced changes in aforementioned factors. In conclusion, GPX4 utilization by Se might be required to alleviate Cd‐induced ferroptosis and pyroptosis in sheep kidney.
Mathematical modeling of graphene–PDMS Maxwell nanofluid flow over a stretching surface: A study on the efficient energy management†
Authors: Mukherjee Satwik , Shit Gopal Chandra , Vajravelu Kuppalapalle
Published: January 2023

This study investigates the unsteady Maxwell nanofluid flow past a stretching surface, embedded in a porous medium, in the presence of magnetic field and thermal radiation effects. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is considered as a Maxwell base fluid and graphene is taken as nanoparticle to form the nanofluid. It is a well‐reported fact in the literature (Boland et al. Science, 354(2016)1257) that viscous graphene polymers can be used to make sensitive electromechanical sensors, thereby setting the direction and incentive for the study of graphene–PDMS nanofluid. In this paper, we have implemented the Navier's slip boundary condition at the nanofluid‐surface interface. Entropy analysis for the energy efficiency of the system in terms of the Bejan number is carried out extensively. By employing suitable similarity transformations, the set of partial differential equations has been transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations. The transformed equations are solved by the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The nanofluid velocity, temperature, skin‐friction coefficient, and heat transfer rate are analyzed in this paper under several regulatory physical parameters. The findings show that the rise in time relaxation parameter has adverse effects on nanofluid velocity but enhances the entropy generation in the system. The heat transfer rate decreases with an enhancement of the Deborah number but increases with a rise in the nanoparticle volume fraction. The Bejan number shows increasing trend with an enhancement of unsteady parameter, nanoparticle volume fraction, and porous permeability parameter. This study bears the potential application in powder technology, plastic extrusion process, as well as in bio‐engineering.
Positional cloning identified HvTUBULIN8 as the candidate gene for round lateral spikelet (RLS) in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Qin Dandan , Liu Gang , Liu Rui , Wang Chunchao , Xu Fuchao , Xu Qing , Ling Yu , Dong Guoqing , Peng Yanchun , Ge Shuangtao , Guo Ganggang , Dong Jing , Li Chengdao
Published: January 2023

Key message

Map-based cloning, subcellular localization, virus-induced-gene-silencing and transcriptomic analysis reveal HvTUB8 as a candidate gene with pleiotropic effects on barley spike and leaf development via ethylene and chlorophyll metabolism.

Barley lateral spikelet morphology and grain shape play key roles in grain physical quality and yield. Several genes and QTLs for these traits have been cloned or fine mapped previously. Here, we report the phenotypic and genotypic analysis of a barley mutant with round lateral spikelet (rls) from cv. Edamai 934. rls had round lateral spikelet, short but round grain, shortened awn, thick glume and dark green leaves. Histocytologic and ultrastructural analysis revealed that the difference of grain shape of rls was caused by change of cell arrangement in glume, and the dark leaf color resulted from enlarged chloroplast. HvTUBULIN8 (HvTUB8) was identified as the candidate gene for rls by combination of RNA-Seq, map-based-cloning, virus-induced-gene-silencing (VIGS) and protein subcellular location. A single G-A substitution at the third exon of HvTUB8 resulted in change of Cysteine 354 to tyrosine. Furthermore, the mutant isoform Hvtub8 could be detected in both nucleus and cytoplasm, whereas the wild-type protein was only in cytoplasm and granular organelles of wheat protoplasts. Being consistent with the rare phenotype, the “A” allele of HvTUB8 was only detected in rls, but not in a worldwide barley germplasm panel with 400 accessions. VIGS confirmed that HvTUB8 was essential to maintain spike integrity. RNA-Seq results suggested that HvTUB8 may control spike morphogenesis via ethylene homeostasis and signaling, and control leaf color through chlorophyll metabolism. Collectively, our results support HvTUB8 as a candidate gene for barley spike and leaf morphology and provide insight of a novel mechanism of it in barley development.
Estimating the set of bifurcation values of a smooth function
Authors: Klepczarek Michał
Published: January 2023

We introduce the framework for finding out conditions that imply that $$y\in {\mathbb {R}}$$

y
∈
R

is a typical value of a smooth function f defined on an open subset of $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

. We adopt this framework to obtain some currently known conditions for estimating the set of bifurcation values. Additionally, we give two new such conditions. Moreover, we show that the trivialization of f in a neighbourhood U of $$f^{-1}(y)$$

f

-
1

(
y
)

can always be obtained by integrating its gradient with respect to some metric on U.
[18F]F13640: a selective agonist PET radiopharmaceutical for imaging functional 5-HT1A receptors in humans
Authors: Courault Pierre , Lancelot Sophie , Costes Nicolas , Colom Matthieu , Le Bars Didier , Redoute Jérôme , Gobert Florent , Dailler Frédéric , Isal Sibel , Iecker Thibaut , Newman-Tancredi Adrian , Merida Inés , Zimmer Luc
Published: January 2023

Purpose

F13640 (a.k.a. befiradol, NLX-112) is a highly selective 5-HT1A receptor ligand that was selected as a PET radiopharmaceutical-candidate based on animal studies. Due to its high efficacy agonist properties, [18F]F13640 binds preferentially to functional 5-HT1A receptors, which are coupled to intracellular G-proteins. Here, we characterize brain labeling of 5-HT1A receptors by [18F]F13640 in humans and describe a simplified model for its quantification.

Methods

PET/CT and PET-MRI scans were conducted in a total of 13 healthy male volunteers (29 ± 9 years old), with arterial input functions (AIF) (n = 9) and test–retest protocol (n = 8). Several kinetic models were compared (one tissue compartment model, two-tissue compartment model, and Logan); two models with reference region were also evaluated: simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) and the logan reference model (LREF).

Results

[18F]F13640 showed high uptake values in raphe nuclei and cortical regions. SRTM and LREF models showed a very high correlation with kinetic models using AIF. As concerns test–retest parameters and the prolonged binding kinetics of [18F]F13640, better reproducibility, and reliability were found with the LREF method. Cerebellum white matter and frontal lobe white matter stand out as suitable reference regions.

Conclusion

The favorable brain labeling and kinetic profile of [18F]F13640, its high receptor specificity and its high efficacy agonist properties open new perspectives for studying functionally active 5-HT1A receptors, unlike previous radiopharmaceuticals that act as antagonists. [18F]F13640’s kinetic properties allow injection outside of the PET scanner with delayed acquisitions, facilitating the design of innovative longitudinal protocols in neurology and psychiatry.

Trial Registration.

Trial Registration EudraCT 2017–002,722-21.
The synovial fluid calprotectin lateral flow test for the diagnosis of chronic prosthetic joint infection in failed primary and revision total hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Suren Christian , Lazic Igor , Haller Bernhard , Pohlig Florian , von Eisenhart-Rothe Rüdiger , Prodinger Peter
Published: January 2023

Purpose

The diagnostic criteria of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) recommended by the most commonly used diagnostic algorithms can be obscured or distorted by other inflammatory processes or aseptic pathology. Furthermore, the most reliable diagnostic criteria are garnered during revision surgery. A robust, reliable addition to the preoperative diagnostic cascade is warranted. Calprotectin has been shown to be an excellent diagnostic marker for PJI. In this study, we aimed to evaluate a lateral flow test (LFT) in the challenging patient cohort of a national referral centre for revision arthroplasty.

Methods

Beginning in March 2019, we prospectively included patients scheduled for arthroplasty exchange of a total hip (THA) or knee arthroplasty (TKA). Synovial fluid samples were collected intra-operatively.

We used the International Consensus Meeting of 2018 (ICM) score as the gold standard. We then compared the pre-operative ICM score with the LFT result to calculate its diagnostic accuracy as a standalone pre-operative marker and in combination with the ICM score as part of an expanded diagnostic workup.

Results

A total of 137 patients with a mean age of 67 (± 13) years with 53 THA and 84 TKA were included. Ninety-nine patients (72.8%) were not infected, 34 (25.0) were infected, and four (2.9%) had an inconclusive final score and could not be classified after surgery.

The calprotectin LFT had a sensitivity (95% confidence interval) of 0.94 (0.80–0.99) and a specificity of 0.87 (0.79–0.93). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the calprotectin LFT was 0.94 (0.89–0.99). In nine cases with an inconclusive pre-operative ICM score, the calprotectin LFT would have led to the correct diagnosis of PJI.

Conclusions

The synovial fluid calprotectin LFT shows excellent diagnostic metrics both as a rule-in and a rule-out test, even in a challenging patient cohort with cases of severe osteolysis, wear disease, numerous preceding surgeries, and poor soft tissue conditions, which can impair the common diagnostic criteria. As it is available pre-operatively, this test might prove to be a very useful addition to the diagnostic algorithm.
Does Prophylactic Negative‐Pressure Wound Therapy Prevent Surgical Site Infection After Laparotomy? A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Randomized Controlled trials
Authors: Meyer Jeremy , Roos Elin , Davies Richard Justin , Buchs Nicolas Christian , Ris Frédéric , Toso Christian
Published: January 2023

Background

Prophylactic negative‐pressure wound therapy (pNPWT) may prevent surgical site infection (SSI) after laparotomy, but existing meta‐analyses pooling only high‐quality evidence have failed to confirm this effect. Recently, several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been published. We performed an updated systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine if pNPWT reduces the incidence of SSI after laparotomy.

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL and Web of Science were searched on the 25.08.2021 for RCTs reporting on the incidence of SSI in patients who underwent laparotomy with and without pNPWT. The systematic review was compliant with the AMSTAR2 recommendation and registered into PROSPERO. Risk ratios (RR) for SSI in patients with pNPWT, and risk difference (RD) between control and pNPWT patients, were obtained using random effects models. Heterogeneity was quantified using the I2 value, and investigated using subgroup analyses, funnel plots and bubble plots. Risk of bias of included RCTs was assessed using the RoB2 tool.

Results

Eleven RCTs were included, representing 973 patients who received pNPWT and 970 patients who received standard wound dressing. Pooled RR and RD between patients with and without pNPWT were of, respectively, 0.665 (95% CI 0.49–0.91, I2: 38.7%, p = 0.0098) and −0.07 (95% CI −0.12 to −0.03, I2: 53.6%, p = 0.0018), therefore demonstrating that pNPWT decreases the incidence of SSI after laparotomy. Investigation of source of heterogeneity identified a potential small‐study effect.

Conclusion

The protective effect of pNPWT against SSI after laparotomy is confirmed by high‐quality pooled evidence.
Indications, Challenges, and Characteristics of Successful Implementation of Perioperative Registries in Low Resource Settings: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kifle Fitsum , Kifleyohanes Tewodros , Moore Jolene , Teshome Ayele , Biccard Bruce M.
Published: January 2023

Perioperative registries can be utilised to track outcomes, develop risk prediction models, and make evidence‐based decisions and interventions. To better understand and support initiatives to establish clinical registries, this study aimed to assess the indications, challenges, and characteristics of successful perioperative registries in low‐resource settings, where there is unmet surgical demand and patients have a mortality rate up to double that of high‐income countries. We conducted a librarian‐assisted literature search of international research databases of articles published between January 1969 and January 2021. Studies were filtered using predefined criteria and responses to two Mixed Method Appraisal Tool screening questions. A Direct Content Analysis Method was used to synthesis. e data for eligible studies based on predefined criteria. The search identified 2793 abstracts. After removing duplicates and excluding studies that did not meet eligibility criteria, twelve studies were included, conducted in South America (n = 4), Africa (n = 5), the Middle East (n = 2), and Asia (n = 1). The lack of context‐specific data for determining and evaluating patient outcomes (n = 7) was the major indication for implementation. Organising local research teams and engaging stakeholders in the host country were associated with successful implementation. Inadequate funding for data collectors and monitoring data quality were identified as challenges (n = 4). The goal of a perioperative registry is to generate data to influence and support quality improvement, and national surgical policies. Efforts to establish perioperative registries in low‐ and middle‐income countries should engage local teams and stakeholders and seek to overcome challenges in data collection and monitoring.
Early Vertebroplasty for Severely Painful Acute Osteoporotic Compression Fractures: A Critical Review of the Literature
Authors: Clark William , Diamond Terrence
Published: January 2023

Vertebroplasty has emerged over the last 30 years as a common treatment for painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Patient selection and the time at which vertebroplasty is offered to the patient varies between centres and regions. Vertebroplasty has been studied in comparison to placebo intervention in five blinded trials. One such trial showed more benefit from vertebroplasty than placebo when the procedure was mostly performed within 3 weeks of fracture onset. Others showed no additional benefit from vertebroplasty compared to placebo when it was performed later in the natural history of the fracture. In this review, we examine data from blinded and open label randomised studies of vertebroplasty for evidence relating specifically to the use of early vertebroplasty for patients with severely painful acute osteoporotic fractures.
Universal approach for diffusion quantification applied to lead halide perovskite single crystals
Authors: Pospisil Jan , Marackova Lucie , Zmeskal Oldrich , Kovalenko Alexander
Published: January 2023

A universal approach to calculating diffusion coefficients in lead halide perovskite single crystals, which have ionic and mixed ionic–electronic conductivity, is proposed. Using impedance spectroscopy, it is demonstrated how to model a non-ideal Warburg element and transmission line equivalent circuit to identify ionic diffusion in the material. The proposed method is applicable to samples of any thickness and electrical properties. Additionally, it is shown how to overcome the challenges of low-frequency impedance measurement and the non-ideal behavior of the elements through extrapolative modeling and approximation.