bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Repeat Peritoneal Dialysis Exit-Site Infection: Definition and Outcomes
Authors: Beckwith Hannah , Clemenger Michelle , McGrory Jacqueline , Hisole Nora , Chelapurath Titus , Newbury Susan , Corbett Richard W. , Brown Edwina A.
Published: May 2019

Background

The most common complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) is infection. Despite this, there are no clear guidelines for the management of repeat exit-site infection (ESI), and best practice is not known. We describe our unit's experience of repeat ESI and clinical outcomes in this cohort.

Methods

Retrospective case note review of all PD patients with positive ESI swabs at our center between 1 January 2012 and 1 January 2018. Patients were included in the study if they had 2 or more ESI with the same organism within a 12-month period and an initial positive response to antibiotic therapy.

Results

Overall, 31 of 248 patients had repeat ESI. The 2 most common causative organisms were Staphylococcus aureus ( n = 16, 52%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( n = 10, 32%). Twenty (65%) patients developed subsequent peritonitis. The infection resolved with further antibiotics alone in 10 (32%) patients and in 6 patients after PD catheter exchange. The PD catheter was removed in 16 (52%) patients (including 5 after an initial catheter exchange) requiring transfer to hemodialysis (HD). Six (19%) patients died within 12 months of repeat ESI. Both repeat Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus infections were associated with high rates of dialysis modality change (70% and 50%, respectively).

Conclusion

We have developed the first definition for repeat ESI. Repeat ESI is clinically important and results in significant morbidity and mortality. Following repeat ESI, peritonitis rates are high and a significant number of patients switch dialysis modality. Studies are needed to determine whether interventions such as early catheter exchange would improve outcomes.
A Peritoneal Dialysis Access Quality Improvement Initiative: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Glavinovic Tamara , Kashani Mina , Al-Sahlawi Muthana , Anderson Elizabeth , Freeman Megan , Dacouris Niki , Rathe-Skafel Andrea , Lee Jason Y. , Farcas Monica , Common Andrew , McFarlane Philip , Perl Jeffrey
Published: May 2019

Background

Little evidence exists regarding optimal peritoneal dialysis (PD) access insertion pathways, benchmarking for patency targets, and definitions of access dysfunction.

Methods

This quality improvement (QI) project evaluated patients with PD catheters inserted at a single center in Toronto, Canada, following: establishment of PD catheter insertion protocols, a PD access coordinator, PD access operator training, and outcomes reporting. We define primary vs secondary PD catheter dysfunction by presentation before/after initial home PD treatment. We report catheter dysfunction rates, interventions restoring PD catheter patency (interventional radiology [IR] vs advanced laparoscopic [AL]) (embedded vs non-embedded) between 2012 and 2017.

Results

A total of 297 first PD catheters were inserted between January 2012 and December 2017. Interventional radiology PD catheters ( n = 94) were placed in older patients with greater comorbidities and less prior abdominal surgery than AL-placed catheters. Indications for IR insertion included need for urgent dialysis given resource availability (36.2% [ n = 34]) and prohibitive surgical risk (26.6% [ n = 25]). Interventional radiology-inserted catheters had overall (primary and secondary) dysfunction rates of 17%. Non-embedded AL catheters had 16.1% overall dysfunction. Embedded AL-inserted PD catheters had a 24.6% overall dysfunction rate. Among all dysfunctional catheters, IR manipulation was successful in 31% ( n = 11), and surgical revision was necessary in all unsuccessful cases with either lysis of adhesions or omentopexy to establish patency.

Conclusion

Our PD catheter QI initiative involved tracking, outcome reporting, defining PD catheter dysfunction and PD access insertion pathway development, yielding important insights into opportunities for program improvement. Multicenter research initiatives are needed to further improve PD access dysfunction definitions and to establish the best benchmarks for these metrics.
Glucose-derived carbon materials with tailored properties as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Morais Rafael Gomes , Rey-Raap Natalia , Figueiredo José Luís , Pereira Manuel Fernando Ribeiro
Published: May 2019

Nitrogen-doped biomass-derived carbon materials were prepared by hydrothermal carbonization of glucose, and their textural and chemical properties were subsequently tailored to achieve materials with enhanced electrochemical performance towards the oxygen reduction reaction. Carbonization and physical activation were applied to modify the textural properties, while nitrogen functionalities were incorporated via different N-doping methodologies (ball milling and conventional methods) using melamine. A direct relationship between the microporosity of the activated carbons and the limiting current density was found, with the increase of microporosity leading to interesting improvements of the limiting current density. Regardless of the doping method used, similar amounts of nitrogen were incorporated into the carbon structures. However, significant differences were observed in the nitrogen functionalities according to the doping method applied: ball milling appeared to originate preferentially quaternary and oxidized nitrogen groups, while the formation of pyridinic and pyrrolic groups was favoured by conventional doping. The onset potential was improved and the two-electron mechanism of the original activated sample was shifted closer to a four-electron pathway due to the presence of nitrogen. Interestingly, the high pyridinic content related to a high ratio of pyridinic/quaternary nitrogen results in an increase of the onset potential, while a decrease in the quaternary/pyrrolic nitrogen ratio favors an increase in the number of electrons. Accordingly, the electrocatalyst with the highest performance was obtained from the activated sample doped with nitrogen by the conventional method, which combined the most appropriate textural and chemical properties: high microporosity and adequate proportion of the nitrogen functionalities.
CG X-1: An Eclipsing Wolf–Rayet ULX in the Circinus Galaxy
Authors: Qiu Yanli , Soria Roberto , Wang Song , Wiktorowicz Grzegorz , Liu Jifeng , Bai Yu , Bogomazov Alexey , Stefano Rosanne Di , Walton Dominic J. , Xu Xiaojie
Published: May 2019

We investigated the time-variability and spectral properties of the eclipsing X-ray source Circinus Galaxy X-1 (GG X-1), using Chandra, XMM-Newton and ROSAT. We phase-connected the light curves observed over 20 yr, and we obtained a best-fitting period P = (25,970.0 ± 0.1) s ≈ 7.2 hr, and a period derivative

P

˙

/

P
=
(
10.2
±
4.6
)
×

10

−
7

yr−1. The X-ray light curve shows asymmetric eclipses, with sharp ingresses and slow, irregular egresses. The eclipse profile and duration vary substantially from cycle to cycle. We show that the X-ray spectra are consistent with a power-law-like component, which is absorbed by neutral and ionized Compton-thin material, and by a Compton-thick, partial-covering medium, which is responsible for the irregular dips. The high X-ray/optical flux ratio rules out the possibility that CG X-1 is a foreground Cataclysmic Variable. In agreement with previous studies, we conclude that it is the first example of a compact ultraluminous X-ray source fed by a Wolf–Rayet star or stripped Helium star. Its unocculted luminosity varies between ≈4 × 1039 erg s−1 and ≈3 × 1040 erg s−1. Both the donor star and the super-Eddington compact object drive powerful outflows. We suggest that the occulting clouds are produced in the wind–wind collision region and in the bow shock in front of the compact object. Among the rare sample of Wolf–Rayet X-ray binaries, CG X-1 is an exceptional target for studies of supercritical accretion and close binary evolution; it is also a likely progenitor of gravitational wave events.
Tidal Disruptions of Stars by Binary Black Holes: Modifying the Spin Magnitudes and Directions of LIGO Sources in Dense Stellar Environments
Authors: Lopez Martin , Batta Aldo , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico , Martinez Irvin , Samsing Johan
Published: May 2019

Binary black holes (BBHs) appear to be widespread and are able to merge through the emission of gravitational waves, as recently illustrated by Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO). The spin of the BBHs is one of the parameters that LIGO can infer from the gravitational-wave signal and can be used to constrain their production site. If BBHs are assembled in stellar clusters, they are likely to interact with stars, which could occasionally lead to a tidal disruption event (TDE). When a BBH tidally disrupts a star, it can accrete a significant fraction of the debris, effectively altering the spins of the BHs. Therefore, although dynamically formed BBHs are expected to have random spin orientations, tidal stellar interactions can alter their birth spins both in direction and magnitude. Here we investigate how TDEs by BBHs can affect the properties of the BH members as well as exploring the characteristics of the resulting electromagnetic signatures. We conduct hydrodynamic simulations with a Lagrangian Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics code of a wide range of representative tidal interactions. We find that both spin magnitude and orientation can be altered and temporarily aligned or anti-aligned through accretion of stellar debris, with a significant dependence on the mass ratio of the disrupted star and the BBH members. These tidal interactions feed material to the BBH at very high accretion rates, with the potential to launch a relativistic jet. The corresponding beamed emission is a beacon to an otherwise quiescent BBH.
Effects of Synchrotron Cooling and Pair Production on Collisionless Relativistic Reconnection
Authors: Hakobyan Hayk , Philippov Alexander , Spitkovsky Anatoly
Published: May 2019

High-energy radiation from nonthermal particles accelerated in relativistic magnetic reconnection is thought to be important in many astrophysical systems, ranging from blazar jets and black hole accretion disk coronae to pulsars and magnetar flares. The presence of a substantial density of high-energy photons (>MeV) in these systems can make two-photon pair production (γγ → e
−
e
+) an additional source of plasma particles and can affect the radiative properties of these objects. We present the results of novel particle-in-cell simulations that track both the radiated synchrotron photons and the created pairs, with which we study the evolution of a two-dimensional reconnecting current sheet in pair plasma. Synchrotron radiation from accelerated particles in the current sheet produces hot secondary pairs in the upstream, which are later advected into the current sheet where they are reaccelerated and produce more photons. In the optically thin regime, when most of the radiation is leaving the upstream unaffected, this process is self-regulating and depends only on the background magnetic field and the optical depth of photons to pair production. The extra plasma loading also affects the properties of reconnection. We study how the inflow of the secondary plasma, with multiplicities up to several hundred, reduces the effective magnetization of the plasma, suppressing the acceleration and thus decreasing the high-energy photon spectrum cutoff. This offers an explanation for the weak dependence of the observed gamma-ray cutoff in pulsars on the magnetic field at the light cylinder.
Physical Properties of a Coma-analog Protocluster at z = 6.5
Authors: Chanchaiworawit Krittapas , Guzmán Rafael , Salvador-Solé Eduard , Rodríguez Espinosa Jose Miguel , Calvi Rosa , Manrique Alberto , Gallego Jesus , Herrero Artemio , Marín-Franch Antonio , Mas-Hesse Jose Miguel
Published: May 2019

We present evidence for the discovery of a protocluster of starburst galaxies (Lyα emitters, or LAEs) near the end of the epoch of reionization. The recent trend in the search for high-redshift protoclusters focuses on utilizing bias tracers, such as luminous starburst galaxies, as signposts of overdensities. Thus, we conducted a photometric selection of LAE candidates around a pair of spatially close, luminous LAEs at z = 6.5 in the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Survey field, using OSIRIS in its imaging mode at the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias in La Palma, Spain. The spectroscopic follow-up was done with OSIRIS in its multiobject spectroscopy capability. We have spectroscopically confirmed 10 LAEs via their recognizable Lyα emission feature. The redshifts of these LAEs shed light on their 3D distributions within the observing window defined by the photometric selection. We have derived the galaxy number density contrast of

δ

gal

=

3.18

−
1.99

+
3.47

, which led to the expected mass of the overdensity of

8.40

−
1.39

+
2.98

×

10

14

M

⊙

. We also found evidence for the presence of a virialized core with

M

200

=

4.06

−
1.90

+
2.77

×

10

13

M

⊙

within this overdensity. Based on the extended Press–Schechter formalism, this overdensity would continue to grow in the linear regime and collapse to form a galaxy cluster at

z

coll

=

0.84

−
0.43

+
0.57

. By the time this protocluster reaches z = 0, it will be a massive cluster of galaxies with mass

1.54

−
0.69

+
1.12

×

10

15

M

⊙

, comparable to the Coma cluster. Thus, our careful analysis has pointed to evidence that this protocluster would evolve into a Coma-analog cluster in the present-day universe.
A New Small Satellite Sunspot Triggering Recurrent Standard and Blowout Coronal Jets
Authors: Miao Yuhu , Liu Y. , Shen Y. D. , Elmhamdi A. , Kordi A. S. , Li H. B. , Abidin Z. Z. , Tian Z. J.
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we report a detailed analysis of recurrent jets originated from a location with emerging, canceling, and converging negative magnetic field at the east edge of NOAA active region AR11166 from 2011 March 9 to 10. The event presented several interesting features. First, a satellite sunspot appeared and collided with a pre-existing opposite polarity magnetic field and caused a recurrent solar jet event. Second, the evolution of the jets showed blowout-like nature and standard characteristics. Third, the satellite sunspot exhibited a motion toward the southeast of AR11166 and merged with the emerging flux near the opposite polarity sunspot penumbra, which afterward, due to flux convergence and cancellation episodes, caused recurrent jets. Fourth, three of the blowout jets associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs), were observed from the field of view of the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory. Fifth, almost all the blowout jet eruptions were accompanied with flares or with more intense brightening in the jet base region, while almost standard jets did not manifest such obvious features during eruptions. The most important feature, the blowout jets, were inclined to faster and larger scales than the standard jets. The standard jets instead were inclined to be relatively longer-lasting. The obvious shearing and twisting motions of the magnetic field may be interpreted as due to the shearing and twisting motions for a blowout jet eruption. The statistical results show that ~30% of the blowout jets directly developed into CMEs. This suggests that the blowout jets and CMEs should have a close relationship.
L’évolution des pères... et celle des thérapeutes
Authors: Cirillo Stefano , Selvini Matteo , Sorrentino Anna Maria
Published: May 2019

Les auteurs ont comparé leurs observations de pères rencontrés lors de leurs prises en charge datant des années 1990 avec celles faites en 2016 et 2017. Ils constatent que les pères traditionnels disparaissent, mais que rares sont les « nouveaux pères » rencontrés en thérapie. Par ailleurs, de plus en plus de pères, même séparés, sont demandeurs et constituent des ressources pour la thérapie familiale. Le témoignage de Matteo Selvini sur la relation de sa mère Mara Selvini Palazzoli avec son propre père, ainsi que les descriptions faites par les trois auteurs de leur rapport avec leur propre père, montrent combien il est nécessaire de faire un travail sur soi pour dépasser les limites liées au fait d’avoir eu un père traditionnel. Les interviews des étudiants en formation montrent que d’avoir eu « un nouveau père », ou de repenser un père traditionnel, permet de mieux aider les pères en thérapie. Le lien avec les enfants constitue un puissant levier pour mobiliser les parents, autant les pères que les mères. En effet, les compétences parentales n’ont pas de sexe : les distinctions entre paternel et maternel ont été historiquement déterminées par la culture patriarcale et sont minimisées dans la culture moderne de la parentalité « partagée ».
La Montagne magique. Enseigner autrement le talent du thérapeute
Authors: Auberjonois Katharina , Salem Gérard , Frenck Nahum , Movaffaghi Shermin , Gintzburger Daliah
Published: May 2019

Les auteurs aimeraient partager dans cet article l’expérience de trois sessions d’un séminaire résidentiel en Suisse de 2,5 jours chacun, proposé à des fins de formation systémique continue. Les séminaires varient entre des moments « d’exposition de soi » du thérapeute, et d’exploration de conduite interactive de séances psychothérapeutiques in vivo. L’article décrit de quelle manière une « communauté d’apprentissage » se crée et de quelle manière elle favorise par « modeling circulaire » l’émergence des aspects uniques de la personne du psychothérapeute. Cette démarche permet d’augmenter ehez chaque participant la créativité de son style personnel, dans sa vie professionnelle d’abord, mais naturellement dans sa vie personnelle aussi. La matière enseignée peut être définie comme « l’art de conduire le processus thérapeutique en utilisant la part humaine et subjective du thérapeute ».
Saint-Évremond : un auteur pour happy few ?
Authors: Stiker-Métral Charles-Olivier
Published: May 2019

Au xix e  siècle paraissent de nombreuses études sur l’œuvre de Saint-Évremond, ce qui contredit le lieu commun d’un oubli de l’auteur. Il intéresse en tant que penseur critique précurseur des Lumières. Toutefois l’expression modérée de son hétérodoxie permet de l’ériger en figure consensuelle, et de l’extraire du corpus des « libertins » alors en cours de constitution. Considéré comme un amateur et un dilettante, éloigné de la perfection attribuée aux écrivains majeurs, il offre un exemple d’écriture élégante tournée vers la sociabilité, représentatif du mythe de « l’esprit français » qui s’élabore à l’époque et d’une forme de continuité entre l’Ancien Régime et la France d’après la Révolution.
Une littérature « curieuse » : la fabrique éditoriale du libertinage érotique
Authors: Rosellini Michèle
Published: May 2019

L’invention à la fin du xix e  siècle de la catégorie des curiosa a permis la redécouverte de textes licencieux d’Ancien Régime et favorisé la constitution d’un corpus « libertin » spécifique au xvii e  siècle. L’analyse des enjeux commerciaux et idéologiques de ce phénomène éditorial permet de prendre conscience du caractère historiquement construit des qualités de transgression et d’émancipation que la critique actuelle attribue à un corpus fondamentalement composite, et invite à un travail de recontextualisation de chacun des ouvrages qui s’y sont trouvés plus ou moins arbitrairement inclus.
L’amour dans le Cantique des cantiques : « juste une comparaison » ( Gleichnis ) ?
Authors: Bienenstock Myriam
Published: May 2019

C’est par le moyen d’une réflexion sur le langage que Franz Rosenzweig élabore sa lecture du « Cantique des cantiques » dans L’Étoile de la Rédemption  (1921), son chef d’œuvre. Il explique dans la section centrale de cette œuvre que le langage est « plus qu’un simple parallèle » ( Vergleich  : « comparaison ») ; qu’il est « vraiment parabole – et donc plus que parabole » ( Gleichnis  :  paraballein ). Cet article entreprend de clarifier le sens de cette thèse. Il établit que Rosenzweig voulut (a) s’opposer aux approches pseudo-scientifiques de beaucoup de ses contemporains, qui se montraient très critiques de l’allégorie ; (b) réhabiliter des pratiques exégétiques de lecture des textes bibliques plus traditionnelles, parmi lesquelles (c) en tout premier lieu, la lecture « à la lettre » du texte, elle aussi traditionnelle, dont il avait déjà fort bien compris la complexité.
La traduction des actes au Moyen Âge. Quelques pistes de réflexion à partir du dossier du Val-Saint-Lambert (XIII e –XIV e siècles)
Authors: Verpeaux Nathalie
Published: May 2019

Les moines cisterciens du Val-Saint-Lambert ont fait ou fait faire des traductions en ancien français (français picard) d’un grand nombre de leurs chartes rédigées en latin à la fin du xii e ou au xiii e  siècle. Ainsi, les 96 chartes en latin transcrites dans un cartulaire réalisé à la fin du xiii e  siècle sont toutes accompagnées d’une traduction de très bonne facture, à la fois très proche du texte latin quant au contenu et à la structure et conforme à la syntaxe et aux formules figées françaises. D’autres traductions d’actes, parfois même des mêmes actes, se trouvent soit dans le chartrier soit dans la copie d’un cartulaire de 1411 où sont transcrits des actes et des traductions provenant du chartrier, contrairement aux traductions présentes dans le cartulaire du xiii e  siècle qui semblent avoir été faites pour ce cartulaire. Certaines des traductions du xiv e  siècle sont accompagnées d’un texte expliquant qu’elles ont été nécessaires pour que des laïcs comprennent l’acte, en particulier dans des cas de litige ; en revanche, rien ne permet de comprendre pourquoi, plusieurs décennies plus tôt, les moines ont réalisé des traductions systématiques des actes en latin dans leur cartulaire, un cartulaire monastique.
Rousseau et Descartes : du fondement à sa temporalisation, deux schèmes de la modernité
Authors: Pingeot Mazarine
Published: May 2019

L’article cherche à montrer comment l’acte d’auto-fondation de la Modernité qui consiste en un commencement radical et de ce fait un rejet de la tradition s’accompagne en réalité et nécessairement d’une figure d’altérité ou d’autorité antécédente qui permet de penser une articulation entre le fondement et le temps. Pour cela nous nous intéresserons à la façon dont Descartes et Rousseau, en dépit de l’acte fondateur et premier que sont réciproquement le cogito et le contrat social, en appellent à une dépendance première, Dieu pour l’un, la figure du Législateur pour l’autre. On voit en effet chez eux une similarité structurelle, du problème du passage de l’acte au temps, et du recours pour ce faire à une figure qui le garantit. Similarité parce que les deux philosophes tiennent à fonder à travers l’auto-fondation. Chez Descartes le fondement est « métaphysique », chez Rousseau il est « méta-politique ». Similarité parce que ces deux auteurs vont recourir à une extériorité ou une transcendance, pour garantir la durée. Si dans l’histoire de la philosophie, le schème du fondement et le schème généalogique s’opposent dans un antagonisme principiel dont la pierre d’achoppement semble être le temps, nous voulons montrer que Descartes comme Rousseau échappent d’une certaine manière à cette opposition frontale et articulent les deux dimensions pourtant irréductibles. La mise en tension de deux principes hétérogènes et irréductibles l’un à l’autre est peut-être le véritable cadre conceptuel de la Modernité. Un cadre qui prend tout à la fois acte de la finitude humaine et de la possibilité pour l’homme de commencer ; un cadre qui manifeste la nécessité d’instituer, et néanmoins la fragilité constitutive de toute institution.
La peau nue, de face
Authors: Clerget Joël
Published: May 2019

Dans la suite des textes déjà publiés cités dans la bibliographie, cet article confirme l’abord de la peau comme interface ouverte sur l’extérieur comme vers l’intérieur de notre corps. Lieu d’information et de contact, elle est une enveloppe poreuse traversée par le souffle. Zone érogène, elle participe à la vie psychique et relationnelle, notamment dans le peau-à-peau dont un bébé peut bénéficier pour trouver apaisement et volume à son être.
Macrophages Guard Endothelial Lineage by Hindering Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Nicolosi Pier Andrea , Tombetti Enrico , Giovenzana Anna , Donè Eleonora , Pulcinelli Eleonora , Meneveri Raffaella , Tirone Mario , Maugeri Norma , Rovere-Querini Patrizia , Manfredi Angelo A. , Brunelli Silvia
Published: May 2019

The signals that control endothelial plasticity in inflamed tissues have only been partially characterized. For example, it has been shown that inadequate vasculogenesis in systemic sclerosis (SSc) has been associated with an endothelial defect. We used a genetic lineage tracing model to investigate whether endothelial cells die or change phenotypically after fibrosis induction and whether signals released by cells of the innate immune system and in the blood of patients influence their commitment. We observed that in the lineage-tracing transgenic mice Cdh5-CreERT2::R26R-EYFP, endothelial-derived cells (EdCs) underwent fibrosis after treatment with bleomycin, and EdCs retrieved from the lung showed expression of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) markers. Liposome-encapsulated clodronate was used to assess macrophage impact on EdCs. Clodronate treatment affected the number of alternatively activated macrophages in the lung, with upregulated expression of EndoMT markers in lung EdCs. Endothelial fate and function were investigated in vitro upon challenge with serum signals from SSc patients or released by activated macrophages. Sera of SSc patients with anti-Scl70 Abs, at higher risk of visceral organ fibrosis, induced EndoMT and jeopardized endothelial function. In conclusion, EdCs in SSc might be defective because of commitment to a mesenchymal fate, which is sustained by soluble signals in the patient’s blood. Macrophages contribute to preserve the endothelial identity of precursor cells. Altered macrophage-dependent plasticity of EdCs could contribute to link vasculopathy with fibrosis.
Regulation of Diabetogenic Immunity by IL-15–Activated Regulatory CD8 T Cells in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Stocks Blair T. , Wilson Christopher S. , Marshall Andrew F. , Hoopes Emilee M. , Moore Daniel J.
Published: May 2019

Unchecked collaboration between islet-reactive T and B lymphocytes drives type 1 diabetes (T1D). In the healthy setting, CD8 T regulatory cells (Tregs) terminate ongoing T–B interactions. We determined that specific CD8 Tregs from NOD mice lack suppressive function, representing a previously unreported regulatory cell deficit in this T1D-prone strain. NOD mice possess 11-fold fewer Ly-49+ CD8 Tregs than nonautoimmune mice, a deficiency that worsens as NOD mice age toward diabetes and leaves them unable to regulate CD4 T follicular helper cells. As IL-15 is required for Ly-49+ CD8 Treg development, we determined that NOD macrophages inadequately trans-present IL-15. Despite reduced IL-15 trans-presentation, NOD Ly-49+ CD8 Tregs can effectively transduce IL-15–mediated survival signals when they are provided. Following stimulation with an IL-15/IL-15Ra superagonist complex, Ly-49+ CD8 Tregs expanded robustly and became activated to suppress the Ag-specific Ab response. IL-15/IL-15Ra superagonist complex–activated CD8+CD122+ T cells also delayed diabetes transfer, indicating the presence of an underactivated CD8 T cell subset with regulatory capacity against late stage T1D. We identify a new cellular contribution to anti-islet autoimmunity and demonstrate the correction of this regulatory cell deficit. Infusion of IL-15–activated CD8 Tregs may serve as an innovative cellular therapy for the treatment of T1D.
The Lysophosphatidylcholine Transporter MFSD2A Is Essential for CD8+ Memory T Cell Maintenance and Secondary Response to Infection
Authors: Piccirillo Ann R. , Hyzny Eric J. , Beppu Lisa Y. , Menk Ashley V. , Wallace Callen T. , Hawse William F. , Buechel Heather M. , Wong Bernice H. , Foo Juat Chin , Cazenave-Gassiot Amaury , Wenk Markus R. , Delgoffe Greg M. , Watkins Simon C. , Silver David L. , D’Cruz Louise M.
Published: May 2019

Access to nutrients is critical for an effective T cell immune response to infection. Although transporters for sugars and amino acids have previously been described in the context of the CD8+ T cell immune response, the active transport of exogenous fatty acids has remained enigmatic. In this study, we discovered that the sodium-dependent lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) transporter major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A (MFSD2A) is upregulated on activated CD8+ T cells and is required for memory T cell maintenance. MFSD2A deficiency in mice resulted in decreased import of LPC esterified to long chain fatty acids into activated CD8+ T cells, and MFSD2A-deficient cells are at a competitive disadvantage resulting in reduced memory T cell formation and maintenance and reduced response to secondary infection. Mechanistically, import of LPCs was required to maintain T cell homeostatic turnover, which when lost resulted in a decreased memory T cell pool and thus a reduced secondary response to repeat infection.
Factors influencing the complication rate in pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures
Authors: Körner Daniel , Laux Florian , Stöckle Ulrich , Gonser Christoph
Published: May 2019

The aim of the study was to identify influencing factors on the complication rate in pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures (PSHF). 22 male and 19 female patients with an extension type PSHF underwent conservative and operative treatment at a single trauma department and were reviewed retrospectively. The complications were assessed and the groups of patients with and without complications were compared according to patient- and therapy-related factors. The overall complication rate was 19.5%. Two patients had a primary and 4 patients a postoperative neurological deficit. One patient developed a pin infection after open reduction and crossed pin fixation. One patient underwent early revision surgery because of insufficient initial reduction after closed reduction and crossed pin fixation. All complications appeared in the surgical treatment group. The appearance of complications was significantly associated with a higher Gartland stage. The median time between trauma and operation was significantly longer in patients without compared to patients with complications. PSHF are associated with a high rate of neurological complications. The Gartland stage and the necessity of surgical treatment are the major influencing factors on the complication rate.
О связности множеств решений включений
Authors: Zhukovskiy Evgeny Semenovich
Published: May 2019

Предложена схема исследования связности множества решений включений в топологическом пространстве. Эта схема применена к исследованию множества неподвижных точек вольтеррова многозначного отображения, действующего в пространстве $C$ непрерывных функций; получены условия связности в топологии, заданной нормой $C$, и в его слабой топологии. На основании этого результата получены условия связности множества решений интегрального включения Гаммерштейна с запаздыванием.
Библиография: 14 названий.
Гладкая версия проблемы Джонсона о деривациях групповых алгебр
Authors: Arutyunov Andronick Aramovich , Mishchenko Alexandr Sergeevich
Published: May 2019

Дается описание алгебры внешних дериваций групповой алгебры конечно представимой дискретной группы в терминах комплекса Кэли группоида присоединенного действия группы. Данная задача является гладкой версией проблемы Джонсона о деривациях групповой алгебры. Показывается, что алгебра внешних дериваций изоморфна группе одномерных когомологий с компактными носителями комплекса Кэли над полем комплексных чисел.
Библиография: 34 названия.
Simultaneous shipborne measurements of CO2, CH4 and CO and their application to improving greenhouse-gas flux estimates in Australia
Authors: Bukosa Beata , Deutscher Nicholas M. , Fisher Jenny A. , Kubistin Dagmar , Paton-Walsh Clare , Griffith David W. T.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Quantitative understanding of the sources and sinks of greenhouse
gases is essential for predicting greenhouse-gas–climate feedback processes
and their impacts on climate variability and change. Australia plays a
significant role in driving variability in global carbon cycling, but the
budgets of carbon gases in Australia remain highly uncertain. Here, shipborne
Fourier transform infrared spectrometer measurements collected around
Australia are used together with a global chemical transport model
(GEOS-Chem) to analyse the variability of three direct and indirect carbon
greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and
carbon monoxide (CO). Using these measurements, we provide an updated
distribution of these gases. From the model, we quantify their sources and
sinks, and we exploit the benefits of multi-species analysis to explore
co-variations to constrain relevant processes. We find that for all three
gases, the eastern Australian coast is largely influenced by local anthropogenic
sources, while the southern, western and northern coasts are characterised by a mixture
of anthropogenic and natural sources. Comparing coincident and co-located
enhancements in the three carbon gases highlighted several common sources
from the Australian continent. We found evidence for 17 events with similar
enhancement patterns indicative of co-emission and calculated enhancement
ratios and modelled source contributions for each event. We found that
anthropogenic co-enhancement events are common along the eastern coast, while
co-enhancement events in the tropics primarily derive from biomass burning
sources. While the GEOS-Chem model generally reproduced the timing of
co-enhancement events, it was less able to reproduce the magnitude of
enhancements. We used these differences to identify underestimated,
overestimated and missing processes in the model. We found model
overestimates of CH4 from coal burning and underestimates of all
three gases from biomass burning. We identified missing sources from fossil
fuel, biofuel, oil, gas, coal, livestock, biomass burning and the biosphere
in the model, pointing to the need to further develop and evaluate greenhouse-gas emission inventories for the Australian continent.
Investigating size-segregated sources of elemental composition of
particulate matter in the South China Sea during the 2011 Vasco
Cruise
Authors: Hilario Miguel Ricardo A. , Cruz Melliza T. , Cambaliza Maria Obiminda L. , Reid Jeffrey S. , Xian Peng , Simpas James B. , Lagrosas Nofel D. , Uy Sherdon Niño Y. , Cliff Steve , Zhao Yongjing
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The South China Sea/West Philippine Sea (SCS/WPS) is a receptor of various natural and anthropogenic aerosol species from throughout greater Asia. In combination with its archipelagic/peninsular terrain and strong Asian monsoon climate, the SCS/WPS hosts one of the most complex aerosol-meteorological systems in the world. However, aside from the well-known biomass burning emissions from Indonesia and Borneo, the current understanding of aerosol sources is limited-especially in remote marine environments. In September 2011, a 2-week research cruise was conducted near Palawan, Philippines to sample the remote SCS/WPS environment. Size-segregated aerosol data was collected using a Davis Rotating-drum Unit size-cut Monitor sampler and analyzed for concentrations of 28 selected elements. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) was performed separately on the coarse, fine, and ultrafine size ranges to determine possible sources and their contributions to the total particulate matter mass. Additionally, size distribution plots, time series plots, back trajectories and satellite data were used in interpreting factors. Using tracers of various sources, a linear regression analysis and correlation matrices showed the presence of soil dust and sea spray in the coarse mode, biomass burning in the fine mode and oil combustion in the ultrafine mode. Mass distributions showed elevated aerosol concentrations towards the end of the sampling period which coincided with a shift of air mass back trajectories to Southern Kalimantan. Covariance between coarse and fine mode sources were observed. The PMF analysis resolved five sources across the three size ranges: biomass burning, oil combustion, soil dust, sea spray and a fly ash factor largely composed of heavy metals. The agreement between the PMF and the linear regression analyses suggests the robustness of the PMF solution. While biomass burning is indeed a key source of aerosol, the study shows the presence of other important sources in the SCS/WPS. Understanding these sources is key to characterizing the chemical profile of the SCS/WPS and, by extension, developing our understanding of aerosol-cloud behavior in the region.
Characterisation of the filter inlet system on the BAE-146 research aircraft and its use for size resolved aerosol composition measurements
Authors: Sanchez-Marroquin Alberto , Hedges Duncan H. P. , Hiscock Matthew , Parker Simon T. , Rosenberg Philip D. , Trembath Jamie , Walshaw Richard , Burke Ian T. , McQuaid James B. , Murray Benjamin J.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol particles are important for our planet’s climate because they interact with radiation and clouds. Hence, having characterised methods to collect aerosol from aircraft for detailed offline analysis are valuable. However, collecting aerosol, particularly coarse mode aerosol, onto substrates from a fast moving aircraft is challenging and can result in both losses and enhancement in aerosol. Here we present the characterisation of an inlet system designed for collection of aerosol onto filters on board the UK’s BAe 146 Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) research aircraft. We also present an offline Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique for quantifying both the size distribution and size resolved composition of the collected aerosol. We use this SEM technique in parallel with online underwing optical probes in order to experimentally characterise the efficiency of the inlet system. We find that the coarse mode aerosol is sub-isokinetically enhanced, with a peak enhancement at around 10 μm up to a factor of three under typical operating conditions. Calculations show that the efficiency of collection then decreases rapidly at larger sizes. In order to minimise the isokinetic enhancement of coarse mode aerosol we recommend sampling with total flow rates above 50 L min−1; operating the inlet with the bypass fully open helps achieve this by increasing the flow rate through the inlet nozzle. With the inlet characterised, we also present single particle chemical information obtained from X-ray spectroscopy analysis which allows us to group the particles into composition categories. Our intention is to use the composition information in parallel with filter based ice nucleating particle measurements in order to correlate composition and ice nucleating particle concentrations.
Did the Roman Empire affect European climate? A new look at the effects of land use and anthropogenic aerosol emissions
Authors: Gilgen Anina , Wilkenskjeld Stiig , Kaplan Jed O. , Kühn Thomas , Lohmann Ulrike
Published: May 2019

Abstract. As one of the first transcontinental polities that led to widespread anthropogenic modification of the environment, the influence of the Roman Empire on European climate has been studied for more than 20 years. Recent advances in our understanding of past land use and aerosol-climate interactions make it valuable to revisit the way humans may have affected the climate of the Roman Era. Here we drive the global aerosol-enabled climate model ECHAM-HAM-SALSA with land use maps and novel estimates of anthropogenic aerosol emissions from the Roman Empire at its apogee to quantify the effect of humans on regional climate. In a factorial study, we used the HYDE and KK11 anthropogenic land cover change scenarios with three estimates (low, medium, high) of aerosol emissions from fuel combustion and burning of agricultural land. Land use effects on climate varied from no influence using the HYDE scenario to a significant warming over land of 0.15 K with KK11 relative to a no-land use control. This warming is primarily caused by regional decreases in turbulent fluxes, in contrast to previous studies that emphasised changes in albedo and evapotranspiration. Aerosol emissions from agricultural burning were greater than those from fuel consumption, but on the same order of magnitude. All emissions scenarios result in an enhanced cooling effect of clouds over a no-emissions control scenario. As a consequence, the land surface temperature averaged over our entire study domain decreased significantly by 0.17 K, 0.23 K, and 0.46 K for the low, the intermediate, and the high emissions scenarios, respectively. Cooling caused by aerosol emissions is largest over Central and Eastern Europe, while warming caused by land use occurs in parts of North Africa and the Middle East. Our results suggest that the influence of Roman Era anthropogenic aerosol emissions on European climate may have been as important as that of deforestation and other forms of land use. Our model may overestimate aerosol-effective radiative forcing, however, and our results are very sensitive to the inferred seasonal timing of agricultural burning practices and natural aerosol emissions over land (wildfire emissions and biogenic emissions). Nevertheless, it is likely that human influence on land and the atmosphere affected continental-scale climate during Classical Antiquity.
A database of marine and terrestrial radiogenic Nd and Sr isotopes for tracing earth-surface processes
Authors: Blanchet Cécile L.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The database presented here contains radiogenic neodymium and strontium
isotope ratios measured on both terrestrial and marine sediments. The main
purpose of this dataset is to help assess sediment provenance and transport
processes for various time intervals. This can be achieved by either mapping
sediment isotopic signature and/or fingerprinting source areas using
statistical tools. The database has been built by incorporating data from the literature and the
SedDB database and harmonizing the metadata, especially units and
geographical coordinates. The original data were processed in three steps.
Firstly, specific attention has been devoted to providing geographical
coordinates to each sample in order to be able to map the data. When
available, the original geographical coordinates from the reference
(generally DMS coordinates) were transferred into the decimal degrees system.
When coordinates were not provided, an approximate location was derived from
available information in the original publication. Secondly, all samples were
assigned a set of standardized criteria that help split the dataset into
specific categories. For instance, samples were distinguished according to
their location (“Region”, “Sub-region” and “Location” that relate to
locations at continental to city or river scale) or the sample type
(terrestrial samples – “aerosols”, “soil sediments”, “river
sediments”, “rocks” – or marine samples – “marine sediment” or “trap
sample”). Finally, samples were distinguished according to their deposition
age, which allowed us to compute average values for specific time intervals. Graphical examples illustrating the functionality of the database are
presented and the validity of the process was tested by comparing the results
with published data. The dataset will be updated bi-annually in order to add
more data points to increase the sampling density or provide new types of
samples (e.g. seawater signature) and/or integrate additional information
regarding the samples. It is publicly available (under CC4.0-BY Licence) from
the GFZ data management service at https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.3.2019.001.
BARRA v1.0: the Bureau of Meteorology Atmospheric high-resolution Regional Reanalysis for Australia
Authors: Su Chun-Hsu , Eizenberg Nathan , Steinle Peter , Jakob Dörte , Fox-Hughes Paul , White Christopher J. , Rennie Susan , Franklin Charmaine , Dharssi Imtiaz , Zhu Hongyan
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The Bureau of Meteorology Atmospheric high-resolution
Regional Reanalysis for Australia (BARRA) is the first atmospheric regional
reanalysis over a large region covering Australia, New Zealand, and Southeast
Asia. The production of the reanalysis with approximately 12 km horizontal
resolution – BARRA-R – is well underway with completion expected in 2019.
This paper describes the numerical weather forecast model, the data
assimilation methods, the forcing and observational data used to produce
BARRA-R, and analyses results from the 2003–2016 reanalysis. BARRA-R
provides a realistic depiction of the meteorology at and near the surface
over land as diagnosed by temperature, wind speed, surface pressure, and
precipitation. Comparing against the global reanalyses ERA-Interim and MERRA-2,
BARRA-R scores lower root mean square errors when evaluated against
(point-scale) 2 m temperature, 10 m wind speed, and surface pressure
observations. It also shows reduced biases in daily 2 m temperature maximum
and minimum at 5 km resolution and a higher frequency of very heavy
precipitation days at 5 and 25 km resolution when compared to gridded
satellite and gauge analyses. Some issues with BARRA-R are also identified:
biases in 10 m wind, lower precipitation than observed over the tropical
oceans, and higher precipitation over regions with higher elevations in south
Asia and New Zealand. Some of these issues could be improved through
dynamical downscaling of BARRA-R fields using convective-scale (<2 km) models.
Regional ensemble forecast for early warning system over small
Apennine catchments on Central Italy
Authors: Ferretti Rossella , Lombardi Annalina , Tomassetti Barbara , Sangelantoni Lorenzo , Colaiuda Valentina , Mazzarella Vincenzo , Maiello Ida , Verdecchia Marco , Redaelli Gianluca
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The weather forecasts for precipitation have considerably improved in recent years thanks to the increase of computational power. This allows to use both a higher spatial resolutions and the newly developed parameterization schemes for representing sub-grid scale physical processes. However, precipitation estimation is still affected by errors that can impact on the response of hydrological models. To the aim of considering the uncertainties in the precipitation forecast and how they propagate in the hydrological model, an ensemble approach is investigated. A meteo-hydro ensemble system is built to forecast events in a complex orography terrain where catchments of different size are present. In this context, the meteo-hydrological forecast system is implemented and tested for a severe hydrological event occurred over Central Italy on November 15, 2017. During this period, a flash flood hit the Abruzzo region causing precipitation up to 200 mm/24 hours and producing damages with a high impact on social and economic activities.The newly developed meteo-hydro ensemble system is compared with a high resolution deterministic forecast and with the observations over the same area, showing a very good response. In addition, the ensemble allows for an estimation of the predictability of the event a few days in advance and of the uncertainty of this flood. Although the modelling framework is implemented on the basins of Abruzzo region, it is portable and applicable to other areas.