bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Presentation of Patients of Carcinoma of Rectum and Different Modalites of Treatment
Authors: Laghari Ahsan Ali , Baloch Tufail Ahmed , Katyar Ishrat Rahim , Shaikh Shiraz , Laghari Zameer Husain , Laghari Qumber Ali , Ahmer Arslan
Published: April 2022

Objectives: To determine the clinical presentation of patients of Carcinoma of Rectum and Different modalities of treatment.

Methodology: This was a Prospective observational study conducted in from May 2019 to April 2021 at Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences (LUMHS) Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. The study comprises 50 patients. All were admitted from Outpatient Department (OPD).  All patients were evaluated fully after history & Clinical examinations Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) with Proctoscope and specific investigations of, Stool DR, Fecal occult blood, ultra sound of abdomen and pelvis, Sigmoidoscopy, Colonoscopy with biopsy, Barium enema, C T Scan of Abdomen, chest & pelvis, MRI Abdomen &Pelvis, PECT Scan, Anorectal or Endoluminal Ultra sound, Tumor Marker CEA, Monoclonal Antibodies, LDH level, LFT for liver. and X-  Ray chest PA view. Complete blood picture (CBC) Blood urea, sugar, serum electrolyte, HBSAG, HCV, & HIV, COVID -19, LFT, PT, APTT, INR and ECG for fitness purpose and general assessment.

Results: In this study 50 patients of carcinoma of Rectum were reported. The maximum number of patients were in age group between 12 to 80 years. Out of 50 patient, 15  patients were presented with Altered Bowel habit (Constipation and Diarrhea)  & Spurious Morning Diarrhea , 13  patients  were presented with Altered Bowel habit (Constipation & Diarrhea)  Spurious Morning Diarrhea ,With Bleeding per rectum. Out of 50 patients   15 patients were diagnosed stage 1 ,13 patients were diagnosed stage 11, 9 patients were diagnosed stage 111, 13 patients were diagnosed stage 1V.  Out of 50 patients 28 patients were treated with anterior resection, 15 patients initially treated with New adjuvant therapy followed by patients were treated APR with TME, immunotherapy, gene therapy.  4 patients were treated initially diversion colostomy, then Neo adjuvant therapy, 3 patients were treated laparotomy, colostomy, hart men procedure, Chemo radio therapy, Immunotherapy, Gene therapy.

Conclusion: Carcinoma of Rectum is a common problem all over the world. Patients of carcinoma rectum can present diarrhea, constipation, bleeding per rectum, spurious morning diarrhea if not diagnose, and treat the patient in early stage, patients live style will be complicated.
Discovery of a novel siphonaxanthin biosynthetic precursor in Codium fragile that accumulates only by exposure to blue‐green light
Authors: Seki Soichiro , Yamano Yumiko , Oka Naohiro , Kamei Yasuhiro , Fujii Ritsuko
Published: April 2022

Photosynthetic organisms adapt to a variety of light conditions. Codium fragile, a macrosiphonous green alga, binds a unique carbonyl carotenoid, siphonaxanthin, to its major photosynthetic light‐harvesting complexes, allowing it to utilize dim blue‐green light for photosynthesis. Here, we describe the absolute chemical structure of a novel siphonaxanthin biosynthetic precursor, 19‐deoxysiphonaxanthin, that accumulates specifically in the photosynthetic antenna only when cultivated under blue‐green light. The action spectra of pigment accumulation suggest that siphonaxanthin biosynthesis is regulated by a specific wavelength profile. The results provide clues to a new acclimation mechanism to withstand hours of intense light at low tide and why siphonous algae have been growing invasively on the world's coasts for more than a century.
Computed Tomography of the Chest to Screen for Interstitial Lung Disease in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis at Expert Scleroderma Centers in the United States
Authors: Bernstein Elana J. , Assassi Shervin , Castelino Flavia V. , Chung Lorinda , Correia Chase , Evnin Luke B. , Frech Tracy M. , Gordon Jessica K. , Skaug Brian A. , Hant Faye N. , Hummers Laura K. , Sandorfi Nora , Shah Ami A. , Shanmugam Victoria K. , Steen Virginia D. , Khanna Dinesh
Published: April 2022

Objective

Although a high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan of the chest is the gold standard test for the detection of interstitial lung disease (ILD), there is no consensus among rheumatologists regarding the use of HRCT to screen for ILD in their patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). The aims of this study were to describe the HRCT ordering practices at SSc centers in the United States and to determine which patient characteristics are associated with HRCT performance.

Methods

We performed a prospective cohort study of patients with SSc enrolled in the US‐based Collaborative National Quality and Efficacy Registry (CONQUER). We performed univariate logistic regression followed by multivariable logistic regression to determine which patient characteristics were associated with HRCT performance.

Results

Of the 356 patients with SSc enrolled in CONQUER, 286 (80.3%) underwent HRCT at some point during their disease course. On multivariable analyses, missing total lung capacity percent predicted (odds ratio [OR] 3.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.53‐7.41, P = 0.007) was positively associated with ever having undergone HRCT, whereas a positive anti‐centromere antibody (OR 0.27, 95% CI: 0.12‐0.61, P = 0.008) and missing forced vital capacity percent predicted (OR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.10‐0.80, P = 0.005) were negatively associated with ever having undergone HRCT. There was a trend toward a positive association between crackles on pulmonary exam and ever having undergone HRCT (OR 2.28, 95% CI: 0.97‐6.05, P = 0.058), although this relationship did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion

The majority of patients with SSc enrolled in CONQUER underwent HRCT. A positive anti‐centromere antibody was the key clinical variable inversely associated with performance of HRCT.
Activated Ni–OH Bonds in a Catalyst Facilitates the Nucleophile Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Chen Wei , Wang Yanyong , Wu Binbin , Shi Jianqiao , Li Yingying , Xu Leitao , Xie Chao , Zhou Wang , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Wang Tehua , Du Shiqian , Song Minglei , Wang Dongdong , Chen Chen , Zheng Jianyun , Liu Jilei , Dong Chung‐Li , Zou Yuqin , Chen Jun , Wang Shuangyin
Published: April 2022

The nucleophile oxidation reaction (NOR) is of enormous significance for organic electrosynthesis and coupling for hydrogen generation. However, the nonuniform NOR mechanism limits its development. For the NOR, involving electrocatalysis and organic chemistry, both the electrochemical step and non‐electrochemical process should be taken into account. The NOR of nickel‐based hydroxides includes the electrogenerated dehydrogenation of the Ni2+–OH bond and a spontaneous non‐electrochemical process; the former determines the electrochemical activity, and the nucleophile oxidation pathway depends on the latter. Herein, the space‐confinement‐induced synthesis of Ni3Fe layered double hydroxide intercalated with single‐atom‐layer Pt nanosheets (Ni3Fe LDH‐Pt NS) is reported. The synergy of interlayer Pt nanosheets and multiple defects activates Ni–OH bonds, thus exhibiting an excellent NOR performance. The spontaneous non‐electrochemical steps of the NOR are revealed, such as proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET; Ni3+–O + X–H = Ni2+–OH + X•), hydration, and rearrangement. Hence, the reaction pathway of the NOR is deciphered, which not only helps to perfect the NOR mechanism, but also provides inspiration for organic electrosynthesis.
Obstructed Surface States as the Descriptor for Predicting Catalytic Active Sites in Inorganic Crystalline Materials
Authors: Li Guowei , Xu Yuanfeng , Song Zhida , Yang Qun , Zhang Yudi , Liu Jian , Gupta Uttam , Süβ Vicky , Sun Yan , Sessi Paolo , Parkin Stuart S. P. , Bernevig B. Andrei , Felser Claudia
Published: April 2022

The discovery of new catalysts that are efficient and sustainable is a major research endeavor for many industrial chemical processes. This requires an understanding and determination of the catalytic origins, which remains a challenge. Here, a novel method to identify the position of active sites based on searching for crystalline symmetry‐protected obstructed atomic insulators (OAIs) that have metallic surface states is described. The obstructed Wannier charge centers (OWCCs) in OAIs are pinned by symmetries at some empty Wyckoff positions so that surfaces that accommodate these sites are guaranteed to have metallic obstructed surface states (OSSs). It is proposed and confirmed that the OSSs are the catalytic activity origins for crystalline materials. The theory on 2H‐MoTe2, 1T′‐MoTe2, and NiPS3 bulk single crystals is verified, whose active sites are consistent with the calculations. Most importantly, several high‐efficiency catalysts are successfully identified just by considering the number of OWCCs and the symmetry. Using the real‐space‐invariant theory applied to a database of 34 013 topologically trivial insulators, 1788 unique OAIs are identified, of which 465 are potential high‐performance catalysts. The new methodology will facilitate and accelerate the discovery of new catalysts for a wide range of heterogeneous redox reactions.
Simultaneous Electrochemical Exfoliation and Covalent Functionalization of MoS2 Membrane for Ion Sieving
Authors: Mei Liang , Cao Zhonglin , Ying Ting , Yang Ruijie , Peng Huarong , Wang Gang , Zheng Long , Chen Ye , Tang Chuyang Y. , Voiry Damien , Wang Haihui , Farimani Amir Barati , Zeng Zhiyuan
Published: April 2022

Transition metal dichalcogenide membranes exhibit good antiswelling properties but poor water desalination property. Here, a one‐step covalent functionalization of MoS2 nanosheets for membrane fabrication is reported, which is accomplished by simultaneous exfoliating and grafting the lithium‐ion‐intercalated MoS2 in organic iodide water solution. The lithium intercalation amount in MoS2 is optimized so that the quality of the produced 2D nanosheets is improved with homogeneous size distribution. The lamellar MoS2 membranes are tested in reverse osmosis (RO), and the functionalized MoS2 membrane exhibits rejection rates of >90% and >80% for various dyes (Rhodamine B, Crystal Violet, Acid Fuchsin, Methyl Orange, and Evans Blue) and NaCl, respectively. The excellent ion‐sieving performance and good water permeability of the functionalized MoS2 membranes are attributed to the suitable channel widths that are tuned by iodoacetamide. Furthermore, the stability of the functionalized MoS2 membranes in NaCl and dye solutions is also confirmed by RO tests. Molecular dynamics simulation shows that water molecules tend to form a single layer between the amide‐functionalized MoS2 layers but a double layer between the ethanol‐functionalized MoS2 (MoS2‐ethanol) layers, which indicates that a less packed structure of water between the MoS2‐ethanol layers leads to lower hydrodynamic resistance and higher permeation.
Understanding Enhanced Ionic Conductivity in Composite Solid‐State Electrolyte in a Wide Frequency Range of 10–2–1010 Hz
Authors: Zhang Kai‐Lun , Li Na , Li Xu , Huang Jun , Chen Haosen , Jiao Shuqiang , Song Wei‐Li
Published: April 2022

The ionic conductivity of composite solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) can be tuned by introducing inorganic fillers, of which the mechanism remains elusive. Herein, ion conductivity of composite SSEs is characterized in an unprecedentedly wide frequency range of 10–2–1010 Hz by combining chronoamperometry, electrochemical impedance spectrum, and dielectric spectrum. Using this method, it is unraveled that how the volume fraction v and surface fluorine content xF of TiO2 fillers tune the ionic conductivity of composite SSEs. It is identified that activation energy Ea is more important than carrier concentration c in this game. Specifically, c increases with v while Ea has the minimum value at v = 10% and increases at larger v. Moreover, Ea is further correlated with the dielectric constant of the SSE via the Marcus theory. A conductivity of 3.1×10–5 S cm−1 is obtained at 30 °C by tuning v and xF, which is 15 times higher than that of the original SSE. The present method can be used to understand ion conduction in various SSEs for solid‐state batteries.
Regiochemistry of Donor Dendrons Controls the Performance of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Dendrimer Emitters for High Efficiency Solution‐Processed Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Sun Dianming , Saxena Rishabh , Fan Xiaochun , Athanasopoulos Stavros , Duda Eimantas , Zhang Ming , Bagnich Sergey , Zhang Xiaohong , Zysman‐Colman Eli , Köhler Anna
Published: April 2022

The potential of dendrimers exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) as emitters in solution‐processed organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) has to date not yet been realized. This in part is due to a poor understanding of the structure–property relationship in dendrimers where reports of detailed photophysical characterization and mechanism studies are lacking. In this report, using absorption and solvatochromic photoluminescence studies in solution, the origin and character of the lowest excited electronic states in dendrimers with multiple dendritic electron‐donating moieties connected to a central electron‐withdrawing core via a para‐ or a meta‐phenylene bridge is probed. Characterization of host‐free OLEDs reveals the superiority of meta‐linked dendrimers as compared to the already reported para‐analogue. Comparative temperature‐dependent time‐resolved solid‐state photoluminescence measurements and quantum chemical studies explore the effect of the substitution mode on the TADF properties and the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) mechanism, respectively. For TADF dendrimers with similarly small ∆EST, it is observed that RISC can be enhanced by the regiochemistry of the donor dendrons due to control of the reorganization energies, which is a heretofore unexploited strategy that is distinct from the involvement of intermediate triplet states through a nonadiabatic (vibronic) coupling with the lowest singlet charge transfer state.
Solvent Selective Effect Occurs in Iodinated Adamantanone Ferroelectrics
Authors: Xu Lei , Zhang Yao , Jiang Huan‐Huan , Zhang Nan , Xiong Ren‐Gen , Zhang Han‐Yue
Published: April 2022

Organic ferroelectrics, as a type of crystalline compound, are generally solution processing. However, for most crystalline compounds, the changing of solvent would not influence the crystalline phase, let alone their physical performance. Here, the solvent selective effect occurs in the iodinated adamantanone ferroelectrics. By changing the solvent with different polarities, the ferroelectric crystals can be induced in two different phases, which is unprecedented to the knowledge. More strikingly, this solvent‐induced transformation could realize the physical performance optimization in the orthorhombic phase (orth‐I‐OA, obtained from ethanol) with a stronger second harmonic generation (SHG) response, greater piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 5 pC N−1, and larger spontaneous polarization (Ps) of 3.43 µC cm−2 than those of monoclinic one (mono‐I‐OA, obtained from ethyl acetate). Such an intriguing phenomenon might be closely related to solvent polarity. Based on the quantitative and qualitative analyses, the similar interaction energies of these two phases suggest that their transformation could be easily realized via changing the solvent. This work provides new insights into the chemical design and performance optimization of organic ferroelectrics.
Structural, Dynamic, and Chemical Complexities in Zinc Anode of an Operating Aqueous Zn‐Ion Battery
Authors: Qian Guannan , Zan Guibin , Li Jizhou , Lee Sang‐Jun , Wang Yong , Zhu Yingying , Gul Sheraz , Vine David J. , Lewis Sylvia , Yun Wenbing , Ma Zi‐Feng , Pianetta Piero , Lee Jun‐Sik , Li Linsen , Liu Yijin
Published: April 2022

Aqueous Zn‐ion battery is a promising technology for electrochemical energy storage. The formation of Zn dendrites, however, can jeopardize the cell cycle life and thus, hinders the industrial adoption of this technology. A fundamental understanding of the kinetic mechanisms is crucial for improving the Zn‐ion battery. Here, in situ and operando X‐ray microscopy methods are utilized to visualize the Zn plating and stripping behaviors under different electrochemical conditions. It is demonstrated that the substrate curvature, local morphology, electrochemical protocols, and the surface chemistry can collectively affect the Zn plating behavior. These results provide new insights for developing the next‐generation dendrite‐free and long‐span aqueous Zn‐ion battery.
TRAF3 alterations are frequent in del‐3′IGH chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients and define a specific subgroup with adverse clinical features
Authors: Pérez‐Carretero Claudia , Hernández‐Sánchez María , González Teresa , Quijada‐Álamo Miguel , Martín‐Izquierdo Marta , Santos‐Mínguez Sandra , Miguel‐García Cristina , Vidal María‐Jesús , García‐De‐Coca Alfonso , Galende Josefina , Pardal Emilia , Aguilar Carlos , Vargas‐Pabón Manuel , Dávila Julio , Gascón‐Y‐Marín Isabel , Hernández‐Rivas José‐Ángel , Benito Rocío , Hernández‐Rivas Jesús‐María , Rodríguez‐Vicente Ana‐Eugenia
Published: April 2022

Interstitial 14q32 deletions involving IGH gene are infrequent events in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), affecting less than 5% of patients. To date, little is known about their clinical impact and molecular underpinnings, and its mutational landscape is currently unknown. In this work, a total of 871 CLLs were tested for the IGH break‐apart probe, and 54 (6.2%) had a 300 kb deletion of 3′IGH (del‐3′IGH CLLs), which contributed to a shorter time to first treatment (TFT). The mutational analysis by next‐generation sequencing of 317 untreated CLLs (54 del‐3′IGH and 263 as the control group) showed high mutational frequencies of NOTCH1 (30%), ATM (20%), genes involved in the RAS signaling pathway (BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, and MAP2K1) (15%), and TRAF3 (13%) within del‐3′IGH CLLs. Notably, the incidence of TRAF3 mutations was significantly higher in del‐3′IGH CLLs than in the control group (p < .001). Copy number analysis also revealed that TRAF3 loss was highly enriched in CLLs with 14q deletion (p < .001), indicating a complete biallelic inactivation of this gene through deletion and mutation. Interestingly, the presence of mutations in the aforementioned genes negatively refined the prognosis of del‐3′IGH CLLs in terms of overall survival (NOTCH1, ATM, and RAS signaling pathway genes) and TFT (TRAF3). Furthermore, TRAF3 biallelic inactivation constituted an independent risk factor for TFT in the entire CLL cohort. Altogether, our work demonstrates the distinct genetic landscape of del‐3′IGH CLL with multiple molecular pathways affected, characterized by a TRAF3 biallelic inactivation that contributes to a marked poor outcome in this subgroup of patients.
EBV‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified: 2022 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
Authors: Malpica Luis , Marques‐Piubelli Mario L. , Beltran Brady E. , Chavez Julio C. , Miranda Roberto N. , Castillo Jorge J.
Published: April 2022

Disease Overview

Epstein Barr virus‐positive (EBV+) diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), not otherwise specified (NOS) is an entity included in the WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms since 2016. EBV+ DLBCL, NOS, is an aggressive B‐cell lymphoma associated with EBV infection, and a poor prognosis with standard chemotherapeutic approaches.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis is made through a careful pathological evaluation. Detection of EBV‐encoded RNA (EBER) is considered standard for diagnosis; however, a clear cutoff for percentage of positive cells has not been defined. The differential diagnosis includes plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL), DLBCL associated with chronic inflammation, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), among others.

Risk‐Stratification

The International Prognostic Index (IPI) and the Oyama score can be used for risk‐stratification. The Oyama score includes age >70 years and presence of B symptoms. The expression of CD30 and PD‐1/PD‐L1 are emerging as potential adverse but targetable biomarkers.

Management

Patients with EBV+ DLBCL, NOS, should be staged and managed following similar guidelines than patients with EBV‐negative DLBCL. EBV+ DLBCL, NOS, however, might have a worse prognosis than EBV‐negative DLBCL in the era of chemoimmunotherapy. Therefore, the inclusion of patients in clinical trials when available is recommended. There is an opportunity to study and develop targeted therapy in the management of patients with EBV+ DLBCL, NOS.
Proton pump inhibition for secondary hemochromatosis in hereditary anemia: a phase III placebo‐controlled randomized cross‐over clinical trial
Authors: van Vuren Annelies , Kerkhoffs Jean Louis , Schols Saskia , Rijneveld Anita , Nur Erfan , Peereboom Dore , Gandon Yves , Welsing Paco , van Wijk Richard , Schutgens Roger , van Solinge Wouter , Marx Joannes , Leiner Tim , Biemond Bart , van Beers Eduard
Published: April 2022

Iron overload is a severe general complication of hereditary anemias. Treatment with iron chelators is hampered by important side‐effects, high costs, and the lack of availability in many countries with a high prevalence of hereditary anemias. In this phase III randomized placebo‐controlled trial, we assigned adults with non‐transfusion‐dependent hereditary anemias with mild‐to‐moderate iron overload to receive esomeprazole (at a dose of 40 mg twice daily) or placebo for 12 months in a cross‐over design. The primary end point was change of liver iron content measured by MRI. A total of 30 participants were enrolled in the trial. Treatment with esomeprazole resulted in a statistically significant reduction in liver iron content that was 0.55 mg Fe/g dw larger than after treatment with placebo (95%CI [0.05 to 1.06]; p = 0.03). Median baseline liver iron content at the start of esomeprazole was 4.99 versus 4.49 mg Fe/g dw at start of placebo. Mean delta liver iron content after esomeprazole treatment was −0.57 (SD 1.20) versus −0.11 mg Fe/g dw (SD 0.75) after placebo treatment. Esomeprazole was well tolerated, reported adverse events were mild and none of the patients withdrew from the study due to side effects. In summary, esomeprazole resulted in a significant reduction in liver iron content when compared to placebo in a heterogeneous group of patients with non‐transfusion‐dependent hereditary anemias. From an international perspective this result can have major implications given the fact that proton pump inhibitors may frequently be the only realistic therapy for many patients without access to or not tolerating iron chelators.
Ternary Alloy PtWMn as a Mn Nanoreservoir for High‐Field MRI Monitoring and Highly Selective Ferroptosis Therapy
Authors: Guan Guoqiang , Zhang Cheng , Liu Huiyi , Wang Youjuan , Dong Zhe , Lu Chang , Nan Bin , Yue Renye , Yin Xia , Zhang Xiao‐Bing , Song Guosheng
Published: April 2022

Ferroptosis exhibits potential to damage drug‐resistant cancer cells. However, it is still restricted with the “off‐target” toxicity from the undesirable leakage of metal ions from ferroptosis agents, and the lack of reliable imaging for monitoring the ferroptosis process in living systems. Herein, we develop a novel ternary alloy PtWMn nanocube as a Mn reservoir, and further design a microenvironment‐triggered nanoplatform that can accurately release Mn ions within the tumor to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, produce O2and consume excess glutathione for synergistically enhancing nonferrous ferroptosis. Moreover, this nanoplatform exerts a responsive signal in high‐field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which enables the real‐time report of Mn release and the monitoring of ferroptosis initiation through the signal changes of T1‐/T2‐MRI. Thus, our nanoplatform provides a novel strategy to store, deliver and precisely release Mn ions for MRI‐guided high‐specificity ferroptosis therapy.
Electrochemical performance of yttria‐doped SrCoO3‐δas cathode material for anode‐supported solid oxide fuel cell
Authors: Wang Yujia , Cheng Lingyan , Zhang Qi , Huang Qi , Sarker M. D. Abdul Hamid , Jiang Shanshan , Su Chao
Published: April 2022

Yttria‐doping strategies of strontium cobaltite (SrCoO3‐δ) have been systematically investigated as high‐performance cathode materials for anode‐supported solid oxide fuel cells. Sr0.95Y0.05CoO3‐δ(SYC), SrCo0.95Y0.05O3‐δ(SCY), and Sr0.95Y0.05Co0.95Y0.05O3‐δ(SYCY) were prepared by the citrate complexation sol–gel method. The crystal structures, oxygen desorption characterizations, electronic conductivities, and electrochemical performances were studied. The research result suggested that yttria doping into the A‐site of SrCoO3‐δ(SYC) exhibited the highest electronic conductivity (~580 S cm−1), and the suppression of the oxygen vacancies results in the poor performance of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. The yttria doping into the B‐site of SrCoO3‐δ(SCY) inhibits the oxygen desorption related to the Co3+to Co2+and electronic conductivity. The co‐doping yttria of SrCoO3‐δ(SYCY) shows the lowest area‐specific resistances (0.147 Ω cm2at 600°C) and lowest activation energy (103.8 KJ mol−1). The ORR processes of SYC, SCY, and SYCY electrodes were analyzed by the distribution of relaxation time (DRT) technique. The I‐V and I‐P performances of SYCY cathode based on the anode‐supported single fuel cell were also being exploited, and the peak power density of this cell is 1005 mW cm−2at 650°C. The encouraging results suggest that SYCY is a candidate reduction electrode for solid oxide fuel cell.
XPS, UV–Vis, XRD, and PL spectroscopies for studying nickel nanoparticle positioning effect on nanocomposite film properties
Authors: Jum'h Inshad , Telfah Ahmad , Mousa Marwan S. , Ahmad Mais Jamil A. , Tavares Carlos J. , Hergenröder Roland
Published: April 2022

This work studies the impact of positioning nickel nanoparticles (Ni‐NPs) on the surface of doped (P84‐PEO) nanocomposite films by using an ultra‐uniform magnetic field as a model for positioning magnetic NPs inside a polymeric matrix. This process is used to achieve desired and adjustable optoelectronic properties and to obtain new optical and electrical characteristics. P84‐PEO copolymer doped with Ni‐NPs exposed to a 450 mT magnetic field during the preparation give rise to a momentous increase in surface roughness, surface reactivity, and modified optical parameters, besides forming Ni oxides on the surface. Based on X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments, substantial extra shifts occurred in the binding energies of photo‐excited electrons from the O1s and C1s core levels. Additionally, the deconvoluted O1s spectra displays an additional photoelectron peak at 530.0 eV, most likely attributed to oxidized Ni‐NPs at the surface. Moreover, optical and structural properties were studied using UV–Vis and PL spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction.
Effect of hybrid carbon nanofillers at percolation on electrical and mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced epoxy
Authors: Bilugali Mahadevaswamy Madhu , Aradhya Rashmi , Bhattacharya Sailaja , Jagannathan Sundara Rajan
Published: April 2022

Multi walled carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets are novel fillers possessing exceptional intrinsic characteristics, such as high aspect ratio, strength, and good compatibility. These fillers are integrated into a glass fiber reinforced epoxy using a pultrusion process with a mixing ratio of 2:3 to attain the synergetic effect. The electrical and mechanical properties of the composites containing combinations of multi walled carbon nanotubes (0.4 wt%), graphene nanoplatelets (0.6 wt%) and micron aluminum trihydrate (2 wt%) fillers is studied. Significant improvement in electrical and mechanical properties is achieved. This study reveals that the incorporation of hybrid carbon nanofillers into epoxy leads to improved dielectric constant, AC conductivity and mechanical properties as compared with the base epoxy composite with glass reinforcement. The AC conductivity increases from 10−9 to 10−1 S/m and dielectric constant from 3.6 to 100 due to carbon fillers. The mean tensile strength improves from 433 MPa of the base epoxy composite to 508 MPa in carbon‐filled composite. The compressive strength improves from 630 to 681 MPa due to incorporation of carbon fillers signifying the improvement in load transfer effectiveness. The effect of carbon fillers on the flexural strength and hardness is minimal. The experimental data on mechanical parameters have been validated using theoretical modeling and a good correlation is established.
Nanofibrous composite from polycaprolactone‐polyethylene glycol‐aloe vera as a promising scaffold for bone repairing
Authors: Dehghan Fatemeh , Gholipour‐Kanani Adeleh , Kamali Dolatabadi Mehdi , Bahrami Seyed Hajir
Published: April 2022

Recently, herbal extract‐loaded nanofibers have been developed using different types of components for tissue engineering applications. In this study, nanofibrous webs are fabricated from polycaprolactone (PCL)‐polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1:1 mass ratio blend incorporated with different amounts of aloe vera extract through electrospinning. Combining the potential therapeutic properties of aloe vera in bone repair with physicochemical and biological properties of the nanofibers leads to design a promising scaffold for bone repairing. The produced scaffolds are characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and mechanical‐strength test. From the results, the electrospun PCL‐PEG‐aloe vera web with 1:1:1 mass ratio shows a bead‐less bimodal morphology consisting of nano‐scale and micro‐scale fibers with an average diameter of 280 and 670 nm, respectively. FTIR spectra revealed the possible hydrogen bonding between the three components. Mechanical investigation exhibited higher strength of aloe vera loaded nanofibers to unloaded nanofibers. From the MTT assay results, aloe vera‐loaded nanofibrous scaffolds showed a high level of cell compatibility as well as excellent penetration, cell growth, and proliferation. According to the result of calcination, the ability of bone repairing was verified. The result confirmed a higher amount of calcium deposition on nanofibrous scaffolds incorporated with aloe vera extract.
Cascade active disturbance rejection control of single‐rod electrohydrostatic actuator
Authors: Han Xiaoxia , Chen Zhixiang , Feng Yongbao , Xie Jian , Wei Xiaoling , Wei Liejiang
Published: April 2022

Electrohydrostatic actuators (EHAs) are used to replace traditional centralized hydraulic systems to reduce weight and improve efficiency and maintainability. This paper proposes a cascade active disturbance rejection control (C‐ADRC) method for single‐rod EHAs with parametric uncertainties and severe external disturbances. The studied EHA can be transformed into a cascade connection of a first‐order pressure system and a second‐order position system. Two linear active disturbance rejection controllers are designed for the inner pressure system and the outer position system to estimate and compensate for various uncertainties in the two loops, respectively. The uniqueness of the C‐ADRC is that the two linear active disturbance rejection controllers are designed by making full use of the measurable states and known model information of the EHA system. It is theoretically proved that the closed‐loop system is semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded. Moreover, the proposed controller can theoretically ensure position tracking with desired accuracy as the bandwidth of extended state observers (ESOs) becomes sufficiently high. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Using vocal consequences with TAGteach™ to teach novel dance movements to adults
Authors: Arnall Robin , Griffith Annette K. , Kalafut Kathryn , Spear Jack
Published: April 2022

Researchers have demonstrated the effectiveness of TAGteach™ to develop skills across a variety of sports, such as football, golf, and dance, however, the role of vocal consequences in skill development is not yet fully understood. To date, there have been no studies that have examined the effects of these two interventions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effects of vocal consequences and TAGteach on the skill acquisition of a series of dance movements for two adults aged 28 and 43. Neither participant made substantial gains in skill acquisition during the vocal consequences (e.g., “great,” “not quite”) phase, yet each demonstrated increased skill acquisition for all movements during the TAGteach phase. Although no direct comparison occurred, the data suggest that the TAGteach intervention was more effective for increasing skill acquisition of the movements across a multiple baseline of movements. At the 2‐week and 4‐week follow‐ups, both participants maintained higher percentages of correct tag point demonstration than were displayed during baseline or the vocal consequence phase.
Variations in human pulmonary vein ostia morphology: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Bonczar Michał , Piątek‐Koziej Katarzyna , Wolska Joanna , Tomala Olaf , Stitou El‐Ayachi , Pękala Jakub , Pękala Przemysław , Walocha Jerzy , Hołda Mateusz , Koziej Mateusz
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to establish the most accurate and up‐to‐date anatomical knowledge of pulmonary veins (PV), ostia variations, diameters and ostial area, to provide physicians, especially heart and thoracic surgeons with exact knowledge concerning this area. The main online medical databases, such as PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, were searched to gather all studies in which the variations, maximal diameter, and ostial area of the PVs were investigated. During the study, the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Additionally, the critical appraisal tool for anatomical meta‐analysis (CATAM) was used to provide the highest quality findings. The most common ostia variation is the classical one, which contains the left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV), left inferior pulmonary vein (LIPV), right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV) and right inferior pulmonary vein (RIPV). The mean diameter and ostial area of each pulmonary vein were established in the general population and in multiple variations considering the method of collecting the data and geographical location. Significant variability in PV ostia is observed. Left‐sided PVs have smaller ostia than the corresponding right‐sided PVs, and the inferior PVs ostia are smaller than the superior. The LCPV ostium size is the largest among all veins analyzed, while the RMPV ostium is the smallest. The results of this meta‐analysis are hoped to help clinicians in planning and performing procedures that involve the pulmonary and cardiac areas, especially catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation.
Design and Synthesis of Novel Dual Cholinesterase Inhibitors: In Vitro Inhibition Studies Supported with Molecular Docking
Authors: Koca Mehmet , Güller Uğur , Güller Pınar , Dağalan Ziya , Nişancı Bilal
Published: April 2022

The major cholinesterase enzymes, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), are important in the therapy of Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on the cholinergic hypothesis. As a result, in recent years, the investigation of dual cholinesterase inhibition methods has become important among scientists. In this study, novel N‐(4‐chlorobenzyl)‐3,4‐dimethoxy‐N‐(m‐substituted)benzamide derivatives were synthesized. Then, inhibitory properties of these derivatives were examined in human AChE and BuChE in vitro and possible interactions were determined by molecular docking studies. All benzamide derivatives were exhibited dual inhibitory character and high BBB permeability. The most effective inhibitor was found as N7 for both AChE and BuChE with IC50 values of 1.57 and 2.85 μM, respectively. Besides the most potent inhibitor was predicted as N7 in terms of binding energies with −12.18 kcal/mol and −9.92 kcal/mol, respectively. The reason for these results is that bromine (N7) is the bulkiest molecule among the other substituted groups. These derivatives could be exploited to develop new medications for the treatment of central nervous system‐related diseases as AD by acting as dual inhibitors of AChE and BChE.
Discoid lupus erythematosus of the palms: A case report
Authors: Zhou Albert E. , Shaikh Gibran , Driscoll Marcia S.
Published: April 2022

Discoid lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune connective‐tissue disease that represents a subset of conditions on the cutaneous lupus spectrum. The lesions are characterized by disk‐shaped plaques on photo‐exposed skin with inflammatory hyperpigmentation and adherent scale. Here, we present a patient with a rare manifestation of discoid lesions on the palms.
Catheter‐directed thrombolysis for massive deep vein thrombosis in an adolescent with severe antithrombin deficiency
Authors: Bønløkke Søren Thorgaard , Serifi Maria Arvad , Mikkelsen Torben Stamm , Hvas Anne‐Mette
Published: April 2022

In this case report we describe a case of massive deep vein thrombosis in an adolescent. The case was complicated by severe antithrombin deficiency caused by a previously unreported mutation. We discuss the use of catheter directed thrombolysis and (F)Xa inhibitors in children and adolescents.
The specification of color limits in eye protection lenses for use when color‐contingent clinical observations are made
Authors: Dain Stephen J. , Hovis Jeffery K. , Hoskin Annette K.
Published: April 2022

Objective

To investigate if color limitations in eye and face protection standards are sufficient to avoid interfering significantly in color‐contingent clinical decisions. If not, to propose what requirement will ensure appropriate products.

Methods

Yellow‐tinted eye protectors, blue‐blocking lenses and lightly tinted filters were assessed for compliance with eye and face protection standards and their effect on the color rendering.

Results

Yellow‐tinted eye protectors and many tinted filters cause significant noncompliance with hospital lighting recommendations and standards; however general eye protection standards do not exclude these lenses. The standard for eye protection against intense light sources, in cosmetic and medical applications (ISO 12609‐1), does exclude lenses identified as affecting clinical color‐related decisions significantly.

Conclusions

Any recommendation or standard for eye and face protection for persons making color‐ contingent clinical decisions must include the requirement of ISO 12909‐1. Persons making color‐contingent clinical decisions should be advised to use only untinted or neutral‐colored lenses.

Clinical Significance

This research is intended to advise writers of standards and recommendations on eye and face protection for use where color‐contingent clinical decisions are made to ensure that the protector does not interfere with these decisions. It is also intended to advise on the selection of tints in their eye protection.
Differential responses of soybean genotypes to off‐target dicamba damage
Authors: Canella Vieira Caio , Zhou Jing , Cross Cory , Heiser James W. , Diers Brian , Riechers Dean E. , Zhou Jianfeng , Hernandez Jarquin Diego , Nguyen Henry , Shannon J. Grover , Chen Pengyin
Published: April 2022

Since the commercialization and widespread adoption of dicamba‐tolerant (DT) soybean cultivars across the United States, numerous cases of off‐target damage to non‐DT soybean have been reported. Soybean is naturally highly sensitive to dicamba, a synthetic auxin herbicide. Previous studies have focused on understanding the impact of growth stage, dosage, frequency, and duration of dicamba exposure on the severity of symptomology and yield loss. To date, little research has investigated the effect of genetic components in the observed responses. Therefore, this study was conducted to estimate yield losses caused by prolonged off‐target dicamba exposure and to identify genotypes with varying responses to off‐target damage. A total of 553 soybean genotypes derived from 239 unique biparental populations were evaluated in nine environments over 3 yr. A yield penalty of 8.8% was observed for every increment in damage score on a 1–4 scale with losses as high as 40%. Although the interaction between damage and maturity group (MG) significantly affected yield, genotypes showing the most tolerance had similar yields independent of their MG. This indicated that natural tolerance to off‐target dicamba may be conferred by physiological mechanisms other than the length of the recovery window. Given the widespread adoption of DT systems and potential yield losses in non‐DT soybean genotypes, identification of non‐DT soybean genotypes with higher tolerance to off‐target dicamba may sustain and improve the production of other non‐DT herbicide soybean production systems, including the niche markets of organic and conventional soybean.
Corporate sustainability and analysts' earnings forecast accuracy: Evidence from environmental, social and governance ratings
Authors: Luo Kun , Wu Sirui
Published: April 2022

We investigate the effect of corporate sustainability on analysts' forecast accuracy. Specifically, this paper documents how financial analysts respond to environmental, social and governance factors (hereinafter ESG) in earnings forecasts. Using a novel dataset from the Bloomberg ESG ratings, we find that ESG ratings increase analysts' forecast accuracy by reducing information risks and operation risks. The results are robust to a series of robustness checks, including propensity score matching, Heckman two‐stage estimation, staggered difference‐in‐differences (DID), placebo test, firm and year fixed effects and alternative proxies. The effect of ESG ratings on analysts' forecast accuracy is more pronounced for firms audited by accounting firms with low industry expertise and for firms tracked by analysts with low industry expertise. This paper responds to the calls for more research on ESG ratings and analysts' earnings forecast accuracy and provides implications that ESG assurance can effectively improve the quality of nonfinancial information of a company. In addition, the paper is valuable for policymakers to improve the ESG disclosure system.
Automation and Microfluidics for the Efficient, Fast, and Focused Reaction Development of Asymmetric Hydrogenation Catalysis
Authors: van Putten Robbert , Eyke Natalie S. , Baumgartner Lorenz M. , Schultz Victor L. , Filonenko Georgy A. , Jensen Klavs F. , Pidko Evgeny A.
Published: April 2022

Automation and microfluidic tools potentially enable efficient, fast, and focused reaction development of complex chemistries, while minimizing resource‐ and material consumption. The introduction of automation‐assisted workflows will contribute to the more sustainable development and scale‐up of new and improved catalytic technologies. Herein, the application of automation and microfluidics to the development of a complex asymmetric hydrogenation reaction is described. Screening and optimization experiments were performed using an automated microfluidic platform, which enabled a drastic reduction in the material consumption compared to conventional laboratory practices. A suitable catalytic system was identified from a library of RuII‐diamino precatalysts. In situ precatalyst activation was studied with 1H/31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and the reaction was scaled up to multigram quantities in a batch autoclave. These reactions were monitored using an automated liquid‐phase sampling system. Ultimately, in less than a week of total experimental time, multigram quantities of the target enantiopure alcohol product were provided by this automation‐assisted approach.
Highly Robust Rhenium(I) Bipyridyl Complexes Containing Dipyrromethene‐BF2 Chromophores for Visible Light‐Driven CO2 Reduction
Authors: Qiu Li‐Qi , Yang Zhi‐Wen , Yao Xiangyang , Li Xiao‐Yang , He Liang‐Nian
Published: April 2022

New rhenium bipyridyl complexes with dipyrromethene‐BF2 chromophores (A‐ReBDP‐CZ, A‐ReBDP2, ReBDP‐CZ, and ReBDP2) were developed for highly efficient photocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction to carbon monoxide (CO). These catalysts consisted of two moderate electron‐deficient groups (dipyrromethene‐BF2, BDP) as the visible‐light‐harvesting antenna as well as both electron donor (N‐phenylcarbazole, CZ) and acceptor (BDP) on Re bipyridyl framework. Among ReBDP‐CZ and ReBDP2 complexes, the ReBDP2 incorporating two electron‐deficient BDP chromophores had a longer‐lived photoexcited state (182.4 μs) and a twofold enhanced molar absorption coefficient (ϵ=157000 m−1 cm−1) compared with ReBDP‐CZ. Thus, ReBDP2 achieved the superior photocatalytic reactivity and stability with a CO turnover number (TONCO) value as high as 1323 and quantum yield (ΦCO) up to 55 %, which was the most excellent photocatalysis efficiency among the single‐active‐site Re catalysts without additional photosensitizer. Furthermore, the acetylene‐bridged linker was detrimental to the photoactivity and durability of the catalyst. In brief, two BDP‐based Re bipyridyl systems with outstanding catalytic performance and significant visible‐light‐harvesting capabilities in the solar spectrum offer a promising strategy for solar‐to‐fuel conversion schemes.
A ternary memristor full adder based on literal operation and module operation
Authors: Lin Mi , Han Qi , Luo Wenyao , Wang Xuliang , Chen Junjie , Lyu Weifeng
Published: April 2022

A ternary memristor full adder is designed based on the literal operation and module‐3 plus operation. Literal operation and module‐3 plus operation are the important operations in the tri‐valued algebra system. Multiple‐valued logic can increase the amount of information carried by the signals and reduce the number of devices and connections. The combination of multiple‐valued logic and memristor is an exploration of new devices and new structures. The novel ternary memristor full adder owns the advantage of simpler structure without decoding units to convert ternary signals to binary at the terminals, and all the signals operated by the circuit are ternary. Compared with the traditional ternary full adder, the number of devices and the power consumption are greatly reduced. Simulation results of different memristor models verified the correctness and applicability of the circuit design. It provides a new idea for the design method of memristor circuits, especially multiple‐valued memristors.
A case of walled‐off necrosis extending into the pelvic cavity successfully treated by endoscopic necrosectomy using a lumen‐apposing metal stent
Authors: Morita Makoto , Yokota Tomoyuki , Yano Ryo , Amano Michiko , Ochi Hironori , Azemoto Nobuaki , Mashiba Toshie , Joko Kouji
Published: April 2022

A 31‐year‐old man developed massive walled‐off necrosis extending into the pelvic cavity following severe acute alcoholic pancreatitis. Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fistula drainage was performed using a lumen‐apposing metal stent, but this was insufficiently effective, and endoscopic necrosectomy was also performed, after which the patient improved. Percutaneous drainage and surgery are other options for the treatment of walled‐off necrosis extending into the pelvic cavity, but a valuable case in which the patient improved with endoscopic treatment alone is presented.