bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of dividend policy on the performance of mining companies: corporate governance as a moderating variable
Authors: Wau Marselino
Published: September 2021

The mining industry is an important industry for the central government as a source of funds to finance the country's development. Therefore, the performance of companies in this industry has been being an interest of academics and practitioners. However, less attention has been given to the role of corporate governance in moderating the relationship between dividend policy and performance. with the uniqueness of Indonesia's corporate governance system, this study will enrich the dividend policy and corporate governance literature. This study aims to investigate the corporate governance role in moderating the relationship between dividend policy and performance. Besides, this study also looks at the effect of dividend policy and performance. with a final sample of 21 companies for 3 years, we use the Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) Before the regression run, we conduct several analyses, such as normality. The means score of each variable Return On Assets, Dividend Payout Ratio, Public Ownership, Company Age, and Company size hows that 4.77%, 32%, 29.6%, 23 years, and Rp. 13,6 T. Testing the first hypothesis in this study shows that the dividend payout ratio is accepted in a positive direction, the second hypothesis is Public Ownership, Company Age, Company Size, is rejected and the third hypothesis is Return On Assets is accepted at 10%. The interaction of dividend policy and corporate governance on performance is explained by agency theory. In practice, companies must implement corporate governance effectively.
How Plausible the Predicted Superiority of Private Over Public Investment Still Stands, If Ever?
Authors: García Páez Benjamin
Published: September 2021

This essay aims to test the hypothesis held by the Theory of Financial Liberalisation in the sense that financial resources diverted by non-market forces are inefficiently allocated, ergo, public investment is less productive than private investment. The relationship between public and        private investment and the productivity in both the public and the private     sectors are then analysed in search of empirical evidence to discern the endurance of such hypothesis throughout the changing evolution of the Mexican financial system since 1970 up to 2019. The paper is arranged in four sections. Firstly, some historical financial liberalisation events are put forward. Secondly, theoretical issues concerning the concept    of productivity of the two types of investment are discussed. It also reviews empirical work done on the productivity in less-developed countries. Thirdly, an attempt to measure productivity of both public and private investment in Mexico is made. It then describes the methodology and the estimation results obtained for Mexico are launched. Finally, main conclusions are delivered.
Sustainability Indicators in Solid Waste Management: A Case Study in a Developing Country
Authors: Canella Cecilia de Mattos , Gomes Fernanda Bento Rosa , Castro Samuel Rodrigues
Published: September 2021

The generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) has been crescent. Due to this, there is a growing concern about MSW disposal. Whitin a scenario of limited financial resources, the management of MSW may be a challenge for Brazilian municipalities. Indicators can be effective instruments for assessing MSW management, as well as local socioeconomic and socio-environmental aspects. Thus, this work aimed at characterizing the MSW management in regions of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais through an analysis of socioeconomic and sustainability indicators, considering the 10 years since the Brazilian National Solid Waste Policy. For this purpose, indicators of MSW management and socioeconomic development of municipalities of Minas Gerais were analyzed. The statistical analysis evidenced some characteristics reported in literature. Furthermore, MSW management indicators were not directly related to the available data on basic sanitation in the territories. Results also evidenced a lack of financial and economic sustainability of MSW management in the municipalities.
De Europese strijd tegen vervuilende single use plastics
Authors: Huijts J.H.M.
Published: September 2021

De Europese strijd tegen vervuilende single use plastics

Op 5 juni 2019 werd de Richtlijn betreffende de vermindering van de effecten van bepaalde kunststofproducten op het milieu vastgesteld. De auteur onderzoekt in deze bijdrage welke verplichtingen deze richtlijn in het leven roept en hoe daaraan gehoor wordt gegeven in Nederland.

Richtlijn (EU) 2019/904 van het Europees Parlement en de Raad van 5 juni 2019 betreffende de vermindering van de effecten van bepaalde kunststofproducten op het milieu (PbEU 2019, L 155/1-19).
Physics of Absorption and Generation of Electromagnetic Radiation
Authors: Singh Sukhmander , Tyagi Ashish , Vidhani Bhavna
Published: September 2021

The chapter is divided into two parts. In the first part, the chapter discusses the theory of propagation of electromagnetic waves in different media with the help of Maxwell’s equations of electromagnetic fields. The electromagnetic waves with low frequency are suitable for the communication in sea water and are illustrated with numerical examples. The underwater communication have been used for the oil (gas) field monitoring, underwater vehicles, coastline protection, oceanographic data collection, etc. The mathematical expression of penetration depth of electromagnetic waves is derived. The significance of penetration depth (skin depth) and loss angle are clarified with numerical examples. The interaction of electromagnetic waves with human tissue is also discussed. When an electric field is applied to a dielectric, the material takes a finite amount of time to polarize. The imaginary part of the permittivity is corresponds to the absorption length of radiation inside biological tissue. In the second part of the chapter, it has been shown that a high frequency wave can be generated through plasma under the presence of electron beam. The electron beam affects the oscillations of plasma and triggers the instability called as electron beam instability. In this section, we use magnetohydrodynamics theory to obtain the modified dispersion relation under the presence of electron beam with the help of the Poisson’s equation. The high frequency instability in plasma grow with the magnetic field, wave length, collision frequency and the beam density. The growth rate linearly increases with collision frequency of electrons but it is decreases with the drift velocity of electrons. The real frequency of the instability increases with magnetic field, azimuthal wave number and beam density. The real frequency is almost independent with the collision frequency of the electrons.
Evaluation of WC-Co-Cr3C2 Hard Materials for Friction Stir Welding Tool Application via Spark Plasma Sintering Process
Authors: Lee Jeong-Han , Park Hyun-Kuk
Published: September 2021

Horizontal ball-milled WC-Co, WC-Co-Cr3C2 powders, and spark plasma sintering (SPS) were used to densify WC-6 wt.%Co, WC-6 wt.%Co-1 wt.% Cr3C2 and WC-6 wt.%Co-2.5 wt.% Cr3C2 hard materials in this study. Each of the SPSed WC-6 wt.%Co-1 wt.% Cr3C2 and WC-6 wt.%Co-2.5 wt.% Cr3C2 hard materials were almost completely dense with a relative density up to 99.5 % after the simultaneous application of a pressure of 60 MPa at 1300℃, almost without significant change in the grain size. The average grain size of WC for WC-6 wt.%Co-1 wt.% Cr3C2 and WC-6 wt.%Co-2.5 wt.% Cr3C2 hard materials was about 0.435, 0.581 and 0.743 ㎛, respectively. Mechanical properties, microstructure, and phase analysis of SPSed WC-6 wt.%Co, WC-6 wt.%Co-1 wt.% Cr3C2 and WC-6 wt.%Co-2.5 wt.% Cr3C2 hard materials were investigated.
Disparities and Access to Care: 2021 ASCO Annual Meeting Highlights for the Advanced Practitioner
Authors: Pierre, MSN, ANP-BC Amy
Published: September 2021

Amy Pierre, MSN, ANP-BC, of Flatiron Health and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, considers takeaways from a program targeting minority accrual to oncology trials and a study evaluating minority representation in precision oncology trials.
Prostate Cancer: 2021 ASCO Annual Meeting Highlights for the Advanced Practitioner
Authors: C. Diven, PharmD, BCOP Morgane
Published: September 2021

Morgane C. Diven, PharmD, BCOP, of Phoenix VA Health Care System, evaluates research on an investigational radiolabeled small molecule, combination therapy in the treatment of de novo metastatic prostate cancer, and a CYP17-lyase inhibitor in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Coverage provided by The ASCO Post.
Lojistik Performans İndeks: Türkiye-Avrupa Birliği Karşılaştırması
Authors: ACAR Mehmet Fatih
Published: September 2021

Küreselleşme ile birlikte, lojistik faaliyetlerin önemi hem ülkeler hem de şirketler için artmıştır. Özellikle hükümetler, son yıllarda bu konuda kendilerini geliştirmeye çalışmaktadırlar. Bu sebepten dolayı, Dünya Bankası ülkelerin lojistik faaliyetleri ile ilgili olarak 2007 yılından beri Lojistik Performans İndeksi (LPİ)’ni yayınlamaktadır. LPİ’nin “gümrük”, “altyapı”, “sevkiyat düzenleme kolaylığı”, “lojistik hizmetlerinin kalitesi”, “izleme ve takip” ve “zamanındalık” olmak üzere altı farklı alt boyutu vardır. Çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye ile Avrupa Birliği (AB) üye ülkeleri arasında lojistik etkinlik kıyaslaması yapmaktır. Bu araştırmada, 2007 yılından beri yayınlanan altı farklı LPİ’ye göre, Türkiye ile AB ülkeleri için Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) ve Malmquist yöntemi ile etkinlik analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, AB üye ülkeleri ile kıyaslandığında, Türkiye’nin etkinlik değerinin yıllar içinde dalgalı bir seyir izlediği sonucuna varılmıştır. Türkiye, LPİ’nin tüm alt boyutlarını iyileştirme adına gerekli teknik ve hukuki düzenlemeleri yapmalıdır.
Effect of twin boundary on mechanical behavior of Cr26Mn20Fe20Co20Ni14 high-entropy alloy by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Shen Tian-Zhan , Song Hai-Yang , An Min-Rong ,   College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
Published: September 2021

The high-entropy alloys break through the traditional alloy structure and present unique and superior mechanical properties. However, the potential deformation mechanism of high-entropy alloy, which is regarded as a new member of alloy families in recent years, needs to be further investigated. In this paper, the mechanical properties of the nano-twin Cr26Mn20Fe20Co20Ni14 high-entropy alloy under tensile loading are studied by molecular dynamics simulation, and the effect of twin boundary on the deformation behavior of nano-twin Cr26Mn20Fe20Co20Ni14 high-entropy alloy is studied on an atomic level. The results show that the yield strength of the nano-twin Cr26Mn20Fe20Co20Ni14 high-entropy alloy increases with twin boundary spacing decreasing, presenting a Hell-Petch relationship. However, there is a critical value of the twin boundary spacing, which makes the sensitivity of the yield strength of the high-entropy alloy to the twin boundary spacing change significantly before and after this value. The results also indicate that the deformation mechanism of nano-twin Cr26Mn20Fe20Co20Ni14 high-entropy alloy changes from dislocation slip to amorphous phase transition with the decrease of twin boundary spacing. The research results of this paper have a certain reference value and guidance significance for designing and preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys.
Mechanism of cosmic ray high-energy particles charging test mass
Authors: Han Rui-Long , Cai Ming-Hui , Yang Tao , Xu Liang-Liang , Xia Qing , Han Jian-Wei ,   National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,   School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Published: September 2021

The testing mass is the core sensor for measuring the spatial gravitational waves. The high-energy cosmic ray particles penetrating the outer structure of the spacecraft result in the electrical charges on the testing mass. The Coulomb force produced by the charges on the surrounding conducting surface and the Lorentz force generated by the motion through the interplanetary magnetic field will exert a serious influence on the geodesic motion of the testing mass. In this paper are investigated the process and mechanism of charging the testing mass by high-energy particles from different cosmic rays through using the Monte Carlo simulation method. It is concluded that the charging rate gradually increases with the decrease of cut-off energy under the same energy spectrum. The positive charging rate (elementary charges per second) in the years of minimum solar activity is predicted to be 39.5 +e/s, and the protons account for approximately 83.16% of the total quantity of galactic cosmic rays. The positive charging rate of the testing mass during the years of maximum solar activity is about 12.5 +e/s, and the charging rate of the testing mass of the worst solar energetic particle event in 1989 is about 120700 +e/s. The charging rate of the components of the galactic cosmic ray depends on the deposition of primary particles of each component in the testing mass during the years of minimum solar activity, with primary particles accounting for 73% of the total charging rate. The charging contribution of protons in years of minimum solar activity is mainly in an energy range of 0.1–1 GeV, accounting for about 65%. The research results can be used to assess the charging patterns of test quality on-orbit charges and provide a basis for designing the charge management and on-orbit work.
Teachers' Resilience Against Stress: A Review on Ways and Its Impacts towards Teaching Profession
Authors: Baruani Twalibu Habibu , Li Xinyu , Binghai Sun
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore teachers’ resilience against stress. To achieve this, the study has focused on two major areas which are to examine the effectiveness resilient ways which teachers use to combat against stress as well as the impacts of not applying them. A review of different journals articles and books were applied as a methodological approach for data collection, which enabled the reviewer to have more information about the study concern. This review study answered two basic questions which are: (1) what are the effective resilient ways applied by teachers to deal with stress within the teaching profession? And (2) what are the possible impacts for teachers and teaching profession if these effective resilient ways are not applied to deal with stress?. Results have justified that, most teachers have been applying different effective ways such as teachers’ co-operation, social interaction, protective strategies and professional development which enable them to resilient against stress for the teaching profession. The study also shows poor performances, job dissatisfaction, lead to accidents and absenteeism of teachers not applying these effective resilient ways against stress.
Experience of Loneliness and Social Support during COVID-19 Confinement: A Nation-wide self-Assessment among Undergraduates of Nepal
Authors: Baral Kushalata , Dahal Maginsh , Khanal Sudip , Subedi Poonam , Pathak Kabita , Kafle Akriti , Gurung Pratikshya
Published: September 2021

In the account of the social nature of human beings, the given difficult circumstance due to COVID-19 may call upon social loneliness, emotional loneliness, and moreover, lack of perceived social support. We aim to elucidate by assessing the level of loneliness and the level of social support perceived by college students amidst the COVID-19 lockdown. A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 970 Nepalese undergraduate students. Responses were extracted, cleaned, and analyzed with the help of R-studio (version 1.2.5033). Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation described participants’ demographic characteristics. Karl Pearson’s Correlation analysis and significant test of correlation for loneliness, social support, and their various subscales, respectively were significant at 0.1%, 1%, and 5% level of significance. The mean age of respondents was 22.2 years (SD =2.74). Significant correlations were observed among social loneliness, emotional loneliness, overall loneliness (social loneliness and emotional loneliness combined), social family support, social friends support, social significant others support, and total social support (that is to say, all the social support subscales). The study reported that a decrease in social support leads to an increase in loneliness. Likewise, a decrease in social support from family, friends, and from significant others can increase emotional and overall loneliness.
Evaluation of Diversity among Soybean Genotypes via Yield Attributing Traits and SSR Molecular Markers
Authors: Mishra Nishi , Tripathi Manoj Kumar , Tiwari Sushma , Tripathi Niraj , Gupta Neha , Sharma Akash , Solanki Ravindra Singh
Published: September 2021

Introduction: As an important source of nutrients to humans and animals, soybean is considered to be a major crop.

Objective: The present study has been executed to identify diverse soybean genotypes on account of different morpho-physiological and microsatellite molecular markers.

Study Design: Data for Morpho-physiological traits were recorded from experiment conducted under field conditions in RBD design whereas molecular work was conducted in Laboratory.

Place and Duration of the Study: The present study was conducted at College of Agriculture, Gwalior, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, M.P., India during Kharif 2018-19.

Methodology: The study was conducted to document different morphological and physiological traits related to the yield and its attributing traits in soybean. Total 32 microsatellite markers were also used in laboratory to analyze the variability among soybean genotypes.

Results: Morpho-physiological analysis among 53 genotypes revealed the presence of considerable level of variability. Phylogenetic tree based on morpho-physiological traits grouped the genotypes into major and minor cluster. Major cluster had fifty genotypes while minor cluster had only three genotypes. Among polymorphic 32 microsatellite markers, the highest genetic diversity (0.66) was recorded in Satt520 whilst lowest (0.037) was in Satt557 with an average of 0.35. The highest PIC value was 0.59 prearranged by Satt520 and lowest 0.036 by Satt557. An average major allele frequency was 0.69 while, an average PIC value was 0.32. Microsatellite markers-based data also grouped the genotypes into one major and one minor cluster.

Conclusion: Molecular analysis based on microsatellite markers confirms the presence of genetic variability among genotypes under the investigation. Data obtained in the present investigation may contribute towards improvement of soybean genotypes to develop high yielding varieties by considering diverse genotypes with good agronomical traits in hybridization programme.
Study on Vājīkarana Drugs (Aphrodisiacs) for the Promotion of Reproductive Health - A Review
Authors: Liyanage P. L. T. C. , Kulatunga W. M. S. S. K.
Published: September 2021

Background: Vājīkarana - Aphrodisiacs / Virilification Therapy is one branch of Ashtanga Ayurveda. It deals with preservation and promotion of sexual potency of a healthy man, conception of healthy progeny, and management of sexual and reproductive ailments. Vājīkarana drugs have been selected for the present review due to high prevalence of reproductive disorders among young people below age 40 years, recorded neonatal death caused by congenital anomalies and the urgency of effective medicines in the community.

Objectives: To identify Vājīkarana drugs mentioned in Bhaisajya Rathnavali and analyze the pharmacodynamics properties of commonly used Vājīkarana drugs.

Methodology: The review was mainly based on Vājīkarana drugs mentioned in Bhaisajya Rathnavali by Acharya Govinda Das Sen and commonly used and mostly available drugs have been analyzed according to their pharmacodynamics properties. Collected pharmacodynamics properties from authentic texts and journal articles were tabulated and analysis was done by using SPSS.

Results: Out of 67 Vājīkarana formulae, 208 single drugs were identified which included 83.65% of herbal origin drugs and 74.6% of drug formulae were used to increase the sexual power. 37.3% of the formulae were prepared as Churna (Powder) and most frequently used Anupana (Vehicle) was cow’s milk. Among frequently used & commonly available 10 drugs, Maricha - Piper nigrum has been used in majority of formulae (26.8%). Pharmacodynamics analysis revealed that 80% of drugs were Madhura rasa (sweet in taste), 70% were Guru guna (heavy in property), 70% were Shita virya (cold in potency) and 80% were Madhura vipaka (sweet in post digestive action). Based on modern science, 60% of the drugs had tonic action.

Conclusion: Vājīkarana formulae mentioned in Bhaisajya Rathnavali were mainly used to increase the sexual power of man. Madhura rasa, Guru guna, Shita virya and Madhura vipaka were the pharmacodynamics properties of commonly used drugs in the formulae.
Revive Herbal Capsule: A Review on the Mechanism of Action, Constituent Herbs and Phytochemicals
Authors: Ibama Onengiyeofori , Ngowari Aleruchi-Didia Tarila , Jonathan Nyebuchi , Davies-Nwalele Onengiye
Published: September 2021

Revive capsule, also called Kedi Revive capsule is a polyherbal formulation manufactured by Kedi healthcare company limited in Hong Kong, China. The drug is widely used around the globe, especially in Africa and Asia for the treatment of erectile dysfunction or enhancement of libido in men. Each capsule contains 400 mg of the constituent herbs including 80 mg of herb Epimedii, 80mg of Radix ginseng, 40 mg of Cordyceps militaris, 80mg of Tribulus terrestris, 80mg of Radix polygoni multiflori, and 40 mg of Eucommia ulmoides, with its effects exerted four hours after administration via the oral route. The adult man dosage is two capsules (800 mg) to be taken once daily for at least 28 days (before significant improvements may be observed when used to treat erectile dysfunction). Phytochemical analysis of the drug reported the presence of flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, polyphenols, alkaloids and quinones. Due to its speculated use in the treatment of erectile dysfunction or enhancement of libido, it may be referred to as an herbal phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor, that acts by selectively inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase type-5, and thus enhancing increased arterial blood flow into the penis, which results in penile erection; however, the mechanism of action of this drug may be attributed to the contained phytochemicals. Additionally, due to its increased use, it is highly recommended that further studies be conducted on this drug to ascertain its effects on some biochemical components and vital organs of the body.
Comparing the Efficacy of 2% Diltiazem Gel with 0.2% Glyceryl Trinitrate in Anal Fissure
Authors: Malik Ehsanullah , Bhatti Sania , Shah Qararo , Abbasi Muharram Ali , Abro Khushbakhat , Shah Vaqar-E-Sahar , Siyal Fahad Jibran , Siyal Dua Rabel , Masood Sumbul , Gopang Abdul Basit , Humayun Arsalan
Published: September 2021

Objective: To compare the efficacy of 2% diltiazem gel with 0.2% glyceryl trinitrate in patients presenting with chronic anal fissure at Tertiary Care Hospital, Larkana.

Methodology: This prospective comparative Study was conducted at department of Surgery ward-II Chandka Medical Hospital, Larkana from 14-01-19 to 14-07-19. A total of 130 patients who were treated as OPD cases were included in this study. Each patient detailed history & clinical examination, details of symptomatology was recorded in a epically diagnosed proforma. These patients were randomly divided in two equal groups i-e group A 65 patients and group B 65 patients. Group A patients were treated with 02% glyceryl trinitrate and group B patients were treated with diltiazem gel 02%. All the patients of group A & B were followed up to 02 months after start of leadema as a OPD cases.

Results: A total of 130 patients (65 each in 2% diltiazem gel with 0.2% glyceryl trinitrate group) were included. Mean age in both groups was 42.56±3.91 and 41.71±4.01. 46 (70.8%) and 19 (29.2%) were male and female in Group A and 39 (60%) and 26 (40%) were male and female in Group B. Efficacy of 2% diltiazem gel with 0.2% glyceryl trinitrate in patients presenting with chronic anal fissure was 76.9% and 50.8% respectively.

Conclusion: DTZ (2%) and GTN (0.2%) are equally effective in healing anal fissures. DTZ is better than GTN as it causes less side effects, low recurrence rate, healing rate and therefore better compliance.
Pharmacy Impact for Distinguishing Normal Face from Abnormal Face Due to COVID- 19
Authors: Bose Payal , Dutta Shawni , Goyal Vishal , Bandyopadhyay Samir K.
Published: September 2021

In today’s world face detection is the most important task. Due to the chromosomes disorder sometimes a human face suffers from different abnormalities. In the recent scenario, the entire globe is facing enormous health risks occurred due to Covid-19. To fight against this deadly disease, consumption of drugs is essential. Consumption of drugs may provide some abnormalities to human face. For example, one eye is bigger than the other, cliff face, different chin-length, variation of nose length, length or width of lips are different, etc. To assess these human face abnormalities, the application of computer vision is favoured in this study. This work analyses an input image of human’s frontal face and performs a segregation method to separate the abnormal faces. In this research work, a method has been proposed that can detect normal or abnormal faces from a frontal input image due to COVID-19. This method has used Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) and Discrete Cosine Transformation of frequency domain and spatial domain analysis to detect those faces.
Development, Validation and Forced Degradation Study of Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Alafenamide in its Pharmaceutical Dosage Form Using RP-HPLC
Authors: Patel Khushboo , Shah Ujashkumar , Joshi Hirak , Patel Jayvadan K. , Patel Tejas B.
Published: September 2021

Aims: The present research was aimed to develop and validate a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for the quantification of Emtricitabine (EMT) and Tenofovir Alafenamide (TEN) in combination.

Methodology: Separation was achieved under optimized chromatographic condition on an Inertsil C18, 250 x 4.6 mm, 5μm column. Various composition of mobile phase was tried. Separation of EMT and TEN was started with Methanol: Buffer and Methanol finally using solvent system of Buffer (pH 3.5) and Methanol in ratio of (30:70) and flow rate adjust at 1.0 ml/min was used as solvent system, the detection was carried out at 262nm using Shimazdu UV-visible detector. The mobile phase run time for the developed analytical method was 10 minutes.

Results: The standard curve was found linear in the concentration range of 20-60 μg/ ml (r2- 0.9994) and 2.5-7.5 μg/ ml (r2-0.9992) for EMT and TEN respectively. The %RSD was found to be 0.80-0.95% and 0.63-1.09 for EMT and TEN respectively. Percentage (%) recoveries for EMT and TEN to be in range of 100%-100.6% and 99.32%-100.83% respectively. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification were found to be 4.80 μg/ ml and 14.7 μg/ ml respectively for EMT and 0.11 μg/ ml and 0.33μg/ ml respectively for TEN. Results of forced degradation study showed EMT degradation in acid and base medium while TEN was showed degradation in oxidative stress. The proposed developed RP-HPLC method was validated statistically and the values were found to be within the acceptable limits.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the developed RP-HPLC method was found to be simple, specific, and rugged for simultaneous estimation of EMT and TEN. Validation results of method was found within the acceptable limits. Hence it can be used for analysis of EMT and TEN.
The Impact of Parental Substance Abuse and Psychosocial Behaviour of Children in Age Group of 6-12 years: School Based Study
Authors: Walke Monali , Waghmare Nikita , Waghmare Priya , Vaitage Mamata , Umate Shiwani , Tendulakar Vaishali
Published: September 2021

Aim of the study is 1. Find out the extent of reported parental substance abuse 2. Assess the psychosocial development of child 3. Assess the perceived impact of parental substance abuse on psychosocial development of children.

Methodology: The study was conducted in the school of Wardha district, Maharashtra, India. Population: School going children of age 6-12yrs and their parents. 200 sample size was selected, each 100 parent and 100 children. Non-probability convenient sampling technique used.  A structured questionnaire used for both parent and their children separately.

Results: The reported prevalence rate of parental substance abuse as reported by children shows the ratio as: The rate of no substance abusers which scores from 0-12 of frequency (14) is 14%.The rate of Borderline abusers which scores from 13-24 of frequency (23) is 23%. The rate of Mild abusers which scores from 25-36 of frequency (22) is 22%.The rate of Moderate abusers which scores from 37-48 of frequency (23) is 23%.The rate of Severe abusers which scores from 49-60 of frequency (18) is 18%. The reported prevalence rate of parental substance abuse as reported by parent shows the ratio as: The rate of no substance abusers which scores from 0-9 of frequency (6) is 6%. The rate of Borderline abusers which scores from 10-18 of frequency (24) is 24%. The rate of Mild abusers which scores from 19-27 of frequency (28) is 28%. The rate of Moderate abusers which scores from 28-36 of frequency (18) is 18%. The rate of Severe abusers which scores from 37-44 of frequency (26) is 26%. Psychosocial behaviour of children which reveals that most of the children will act as crying or will get angry which is an age appropriate behaviour.
Effects of Therapeutic Weight Loss Exercises on Obese Individuals with Lumbar Hyperlordosis (LHL) and Excessive Anterior Pelvic Tilt (EAPT)
Authors: Vijayakumar K. , Senthilkumar S. , Dineshkumar D.
Published: September 2021

Obesity, especially with upper and lower limbs, is a key cause in increased sensitivity to musculoskeletal diseases (MDs). Pelvic tilt is the pelvic alignment with the femur and the rest of the body. The correct posture and alignment of the pelvis to the femur relies upon its orientation, and the natural curvature of the lumbar and cervical spine regions is Lordosis. Our study aimed to investigate impacts on obese persons with lumbar hyperlordosis and excess intertidal pelvic tilt in the weight reduction activities. In a fitness facility, 50 overweight and obese men suffering lumbar and excessive anterior pelvic tilt, between 25 and 40 years, underwent the intervention studies. The conducted exercises were carried out on the basis of the therapeutic weight reduction. The findings before and after intervention revealed the provided therapy was substantial (p<0.005). The serious lumbar hyperlordosis and excessive anterior pelvic tilt are directly related to an increase in BMI, sedentary lifestyles and physical inactiveness play an important etiological part for obesity in lumbar hyperlordosis and excessive anterior pelvic tilt development and progression. Essentially, early diagnosis and physical therapist-led intervention can rectify the deformity with little operational morbidity.
Triboelectric Polymer with High Thermal Charge Stability for Harvesting Energy from 200 °C Flowing Air
Authors: Tao Xinglin , Li Shuyao , Shi Yuxiang , Wang Xingling , Tian Jingwen , Liu Zhaoqi , Yang Peng , Chen Xiangyu , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: September 2021

Due to the thermionic emission effect, the electron transferred to dielectric surface can be released into vacuum after the contact electrification (CE). Therefore, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) cannot maintain effective electrical output under high temperature conditions. In order to obtain high thermal charge stability, polyimide is modified with strong electron withdrawing groups like trifluoromethyl (CF3) and sulfone group (SO2) in backbone. The fluorinated polyimides (F‐PI) with a big band gap can provide a tribocharge density of 170 µC m−2 (4 times of common Kapton film) and become more negative than polytetrafluoroethylene in triboelectric series. In addition, BaTiO3 nanoparticles are doped in F‐PI film for inducing deep traps and interfacial polarizations for CE, which can further enhance the charge density (200 µC m−2) and thermal charge stability. Finally, a flutter‐driven TENG (FD‐TENG) is designed based on this BaTiO3‐doped F‐PI film to harvest wind energy and sense wind velocity. This FD‐TENG can maintain 32% of its output performance at 200 °C in comparison with room temperature, which is the highest thermal charge stability reported for triboelectric polymers. Therefore, this BaTiO3‐doped F‐PI has great application prospects for energy generation and motion detection in hot wind tunnel and many other harsh environments.
Substrate‐Controlled Chemo‐/Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Benzylated Enals and Chiral Cyclopropane‐Fused 2‐Chromanone Derivatives
Authors: Byeon Huimyoung , Ryu Sunghyeon , Yoo Eun Jeong , Yang Jung Woon
Published: September 2021

Substrate‐controlled cascade reactions between α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes or their analogues and 2,4‐dinitrobenzyl chloride in the presence of a chiral secondary amine as the catalyst and base were developed, to obtain a broad spectrum of α‐benzylated enals and enantioenriched cyclopropane‐fused chroman‐2‐one derivatives. The cyclopropane‐tethered iminium ion clearly served as a key intermediate in these reactions to trigger stereochemical outcomes, one of which was supported by a control experiment.

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Determining occupation for National Violent Death Reporting System records: An evaluation of autocoding programs
Authors: Davis Jonathan , Peek‐Asa Corinne , Dale Ann Marie , Zhang Ling , Casteel Carri , Hamann Cara , Evanoff Bradley A
Published: September 2021

Background

Suicide is a leading cause of death for working‐age adults. Suicide risk varies across occupations. The National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) collects information about violent deaths occurring in the United States. Occupation can be determined using autocoding programs with NVDRS data. The objective of this analysis is to determine the accuracy of autocoding programs for assigning occupations in the NVDRS.

Methods

Deaths from suicide were identified in NVDRS for individuals age 16 and older from 2010 to 2017. Occupations were assigned after processing job description free text with autocoding programs. Job assigned by autocoding program were compared with the occupation code recorded on the death certificate.

Results

Assignment of major occupation group had substantial agreement (Cohen's kappa > 0.7) for the two autocoding programs evaluated. Agreement of assigned code varied across race/ethnicity and occupation type.

Conclusions

Autocoding programs provide an efficient method for identifying the occupation for decedents in NVDRS data. By identifying occupation, circumstances of suicide and rates of suicide can be studied across occupations.
Financing decisions in a supply chain when considering product returns
Authors: Luo Qinglin , Luo Jianwen
Published: September 2021

As more and more products are sold, the management of product returns plays a significant role in firms' operational decisions. We consider a capital‐constrained newsvendor model to explore the impact of product returns on firms' operational and financial decisions, in which a capital‐constrained retailer can get financed from either banks or suppliers and refurbish returned products and resell them to customers. Our findings show that offering refurbishment for returned products can increase the retailer's order quantity and improve the capital‐constrained supply chain performance. Moreover, the supplier strategically designs the wholesale price to hinder the retailer refurbishing returned products although the retailer always chooses to provide refurbishment under trade credit. When only trade credit financing is available, there exists a Pareto improvement on both partners' profits under certain cases. In addition, we investigate the financing preferences of the supply chain and find that product returns have a significant influence on the unique financing equilibrium. Finally, we conduct numerical analyses to present the impacts of some key parameters on the performance of both supply chain members.
Sortase A: A chemoenzymatic approach for the labeling of cell surfaces
Authors: Kumari Poonam , Bowmik Sujoy , Paul Sudipto Kumar , Biswas Bidisha , Banerjee Sanjay K. , Murty Upadhyayula Surayanarayana , Ravichandiran Velayutham , Mohan Utpal
Published: September 2021

Sortase A, a transpeptidase enzyme is present in many Gram‐positive bacteria and helps in the recruitment of the cell surface proteins. Over the last two decades, Sortase A has become an attractive tool for performing in vivo and in vitro ligations. Sortase A‐mediated ligation has continuously been used for its specificity, robustness, and highly efficient nature. These properties make it a popular choice among protein engineers as well as researchers from different fields. In this review, we give an overview of Sortase A‐mediated ligation of various molecules on the cell surfaces, which can have diverse applications in interdisciplinary fields.
Identification of the Catalytic Residues in the Cyclase Domain of the Class IV Lanthipeptide Synthetase SgbL
Authors: Hegemann Julian D. , Süssmuth Roderich D.
Published: September 2021

Lanthipeptides belong to the family of ribosomally synthesized and post‐translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) and are subdivided into different classes based on their processing enzymes. The three‐domain class IV lanthipeptide synthetases (LanL enzymes) consist of N‐terminal lyase, central kinase, and C‐terminal cyclase domains. While the catalytic residues of the kinase domains (mediating ATP‐dependent Ser/Thr phosphorylations) and the lyase domains (carrying out subsequent phosphoserine/phosphothreonine (pSer/pThr) eliminations to yield dehydroalanine/dehydrobutyrine (Dha/Dhb) residues) have been characterized previously, such studies are missing for LanL cyclase domains. To close this gap of knowledge, this study reports on the identification and validation of the catalytic residues in the cyclase domain of the class IV lanthipeptide synthetase SgbL, which facilitate the nucleophilic attacks by Cys thiols on Dha/Dhb residues for the formation of β‐thioether crosslinks.
The intangible promise of resilience
Authors: Daniels Teresa
Published: September 2021

Over the past 18 months of the COVID‐19 pandemic, references to the concept of resilience have circulated ubiquitously throughout social media, talk shows, podcasts, and a variety of web‐based platforms. We are reminded that resilience can be learned, and “listicles” offer tips to strengthen our resilience and our children's resilience. One such piece recommends that readers can help their children build resilience by modeling their own through taking deep breaths in difficult situations. These casual recommendations promote a narrative in which resilience is reduced to a muscle that simply needs to be exercised. An unintended consequence of such recommendations is that they may also communicate an underlying expectation on the individual and the family, echoing the creep of terms like wellness and self‐care, which have shifted from practices promoting health and well‐being, to another item on a never‐ending to‐do list. For kids and families struggling through the uncertainties and turmoil of the pandemic, this can be perceived as a lightly veiled reminder to pull yourself up by your bootstraps.
Spontaneous recovery of immune checkpoint inhibitor‐induced thyroiditis with high free T4 level: A case report
Authors: Hagiwara Rie , Suzuki Daisuke , Tonezawa Shiori , Saikawa Rika , Funazaki Shunsuke , Yoshida Masashi , Washino Satoshi , Miyagawa Tomoaki , Hara Kazuo , Yamada Hodaka
Published: September 2021

We describe a case of severe hyperthyroidism with high free thyroxine and C‐reactive protein levels, wherein thyroid function rapidly improved without treatment. In a similar case, conservative management with imaging follow‐up can be considered.
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis of the central nervous system (CNS‐LYG) posing a management challenge
Authors: Soleja Mohsin , Jaso Jesse Manuel , Chen Weina , Raisanen Jack , Wysocki Christian A. , Shen Yu‐Min , Mickey Bruce , Kumar Kiran A. , Ramakrishnan Geethakumari Praveen
Published: September 2021

Isolated central nervous system lymphomatoid granulomatosis (CNS‐LYG) can mimic aggressive glioblastomas. We describe a complex presentation of CNS‐LYG coexisting with immune thrombocytopenia successfully managed with rituximab and ultra‐low‐dose radiation therapy.
Mediating Model of College Students’ Proactive Personality and Career Adaptability
Authors: Hu Xiaoyi , He Yiqing , Ma Danyang , Zhao Sihan , Xiong Hui , Wan Guobin
Published: September 2021

College is a key period for students’ specialty study and development, and an important stage of career exploration. We examined the relationship between proactive personality, career adaptability, and perceived social support and specialty identity among 610 Chinese college students. The mediating effect of perceived social support was greater than that of specialty identity. Therefore, providing more social support to college students may be more conducive to increasing their career adaptability. The chain intermediary effect of perceived social support indicated that specialty identity is also significant. Thus, college students with a more proactive personality can perceive more emotional support and study harder, thereby increasing their specialty identity and career adaptability. Results of this study can help guide universities in offering courses and activities that promote students’ career adaptability with perceived social support and specialty identity in mind. Results also provide a model for future study of the influence of proactive personality on college student career adaptability.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Luminescent [CrIII2L(μ‐carboxylato)]3+ Complexes with High‐Spin S=3 Ground States (L=N6S2 donor ligand)
Authors: Börner Martin , Klose Jennifer , Gutierrez Suburu Matias E. , Strassert Cristian A. , Yang Fangshun , Monakhov Kirill Yu. , Abel Bernd , Kersting Berthold
Published: September 2021

The synthesis, structure, magnetic, and photophysical properties of two dinuclear, luminescent, mixed‐ligand [CrIII2L(O2CR)]3+ complexes (R=CH3 (1), Ph (2)) of a 24‐membered binucleating hexa‐aza‐dithiophenolate macrocycle (L)2− are presented. X‐ray crystallographic analysis reveals an edge‐sharing bioctahedral N3Cr(μ‐SR)2(μ1,3‐O2CR)CrN3 core structure with μ1,3‐bridging carboxylate groups. A ferromagnetic superexchange interaction between the electron spins of the Cr3+ ions leads to a high‐spin (S=3) ground state. The coupling constants (J=+24.2(1) cm−1 (1), +34.8(4) cm−1 (2), H=−2JS1S2) are significantly larger than in related bis‐μ‐alkoxido‐μ‐carboxylato structures. DFT calculations performed on both complexes reproduce both the sign and strength of the exchange interactions found experimentally. Frozen methanol‐dichloromethane 1 : 1 solutions of 1 and 2 luminesce at 750 nm when excited into the 4LMCT state on the 4A2 → 2T1 (ν2) bands (λexc=405 nm). The absolute quantum yields (ΦL) for 1 and 2 were found to be strongly temperature dependent. At 77 K in frozen MeOH/CH2Cl2 glasses, ΦL=0.44±0.02  (for 1), ΦL=0.45±0.02  (for 2).
Anisotanols A—D, Four Norsesquiterpenoids with an Unprecedented Sesquiterpenoid Skeleton from Anisodus tanguticus‡
Authors: Zhao Hao‐Yu , Zhou Qin‐Mei , Zhu Huan , Zhou Fei , Meng Chun‐Wang , Shu Hong‐Zhen , Liu Zhao‐Hua , Peng Cheng , Xiong Liang
Published: September 2021

Main observation and conclusion

Anisotanols A—D (1—4), four new compounds possessing an unprecedented sesquiterpenoid skeleton with a congested tricyclic 6/3/5 ring system, were obtained from Anisodus tanguticus. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic techniques, and the absolute configurations were confirmed via ECD calculations and single‐crystal X‐ray diffractions. A putative biosynthetic pathway for these compounds was proposed. Biological evaluation disclosed that compound 3 showed anti‐angiogenic activity by inhibiting the viability, migration, and tube formation in HUVECs.
Phone consultation and burnout among providers of dialectical behaviour therapy
Authors: Ruork Allison K. , Yin Qingqing , Fruzzetti Alan E.
Published: September 2021

Adherent dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) includes between‐session phone consultation to help clients generalize skills, solve problems during crises, and repair relationships. Despite benefits of phone consultation, it is frequently not implemented in outpatient settings. The perceived burden phone consultation places on providers is one of the most frequently cited reasons for its omission. The current study examined phone consultation in relation to providers' burnout using a cross‐sectional design. We hypothesized that (1) DBT experience and support from peer consultation team members, including perceived team efficacy and shared coaching responsibilities, would be associated with lower rates of burnout and (2) higher numbers of crisis contacts and “other” contacts, but not noncrisis skills generalization contacts, would be associated with increased burnout. Participants were 65 DBT therapists who completed an anonymous survey online. Results suggest that both having more effective consultation teams and sharing phone consultation among team members were associated with decreased burnout. Additionally, more crisis contacts were found to be associated with higher burnout, whereas higher number of skills generalization calls was not. This study represents an important first step towards evaluating the impact of phone consultation on providers and highlights the importance of effective peer consultation in reducing therapist burnout.