bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Критеріальний аналіз дифузійних процесів в каналах вентиляційних систем
Authors: Соколов В.І.
Published: October 2022

Розглянуто процес турбулентної дифузії газових домішок в каналах вентиляційних систем. Стаціонарна дифузія описана рівнянням турбулентної дифузії домішки в однорідному нестисливому середовищі. Вважається, що актуальна концентрація в кожній точці простору, зайнятого турбулентним потоком, зазнає безладних змін у часі (пульсує, флуктує). При вирішенні практичних завдань про рух частинок домішки від актуальної характеристики застосовано перехід до середнього значення концентрації. У випадку встановленого турбулентного руху і стаціонарних зовнішніх умов використане введене Рейнольдсом часове осереднення. Осередненні значення добутків пульсаційних складових проекцій швидкості та концентрації відповідно гіпотезі Фіка-Буссінеска прийняті пропорційними градієнту осередненої концентрації. Обґрунтовано допущення, що для робочих режимів промислових вентиляційних систем коефіцієнт молекулярної дифузії значно менше коефіцієнта турбулентної дифузії. Для коефіцієнта турбулентної дифузії використана відома емпірична залежність для круглих труб. Коефіцієнт гідравлічного опору тертя при турбулентному режимі течії  визначений по універсальній формулі Альтшуля. Для дослідження дифузійних процесів в газових потоках вентиляційних систем рівняння турбулентної дифузії приведено до безрозмірного виду. У розгляд введені безрозмірні критерії: число Рейнольдса, число Щмідта (або дифузійне число Прандтля), дифузійне число Пекле. Проведений аналіз критеріальних співвідношень для дифузійних процесів в циліндричних каналах вентиляційних систем. Аналіз залежності дифузійного числа Пекле від числа Рейнольдса показав, що при великих значеннях відносної шорсткості величина дифузійного числа Пекле не залежить від числа Рейнольдса. Показана наявність в дифузійних процесах автомодельної зони, коли довжина шляху вирівнювання концентрації домішки не буде залежить від параметрів газового потоку. Встановлено, що зміна дифузійного Числа Пекле для діапазону значень чисел Рейнольдса понад 1,3.105 складає не більш 5% при значеннях відносної шорсткості не менш 0,001.
Газообмін у детонаційно-газових пристроях для напилення покриттів
Authors: Харламов Ю.О. , Міцик А.В. , Романченко О.В.
Published: October 2022

Основні вимоги до детонаційно-газових установок (ДГУ) для напилення покриттів – вибухобезпечність, екологічність, стабільність роботи, висока продуктивність та ін. При технологічному застосуванні газової детонації доводиться розв'язувати проблеми швидкого та якісного змішування компонентів суміші, надійного ініціювання детонації, охолодження установок, враховувати межі детонації, міцність та вагу апаратів тощо. Етапи робочого циклу ДГУ, в тому числі процеси газообміну в детонаційних камерах згоряння, що забезпечують наповнення їх свіжою горючою сумішшю і порошком з попереднім витісненням залишкових продуктів згоряння, визначають вихідний стан свіжого заряду, що впливає на інтенсивність і характер фізико-хімічних перетворень, і цим на умови формування покриттів. Ця стаття присвячена систематизації та аналізу принципів організації газообміну в робочих камерах згоряння детонаційно-газових установок для напилення покриттів, включаючи аналіз та систематизацію конструкцій детонаційно-газових установок для напилення покриттів, що працюють з різними структурами робочого циклу, з виявленням принципових схем та закономірностей газообміну в робочих камерах згоряння. До основних схем газообміну віднесені наступні: з виштовхуванням залишкових продуктів згоряння продувним газом або компонентом горючої суміші; з виштовхуванням залишкових продуктів згоряння свіжою горючою сумішшю; з відкачування залишкових продуктів згоряння; комбінований газообмін з відкачуванням та продуванням залишкових продуктів згоряння; із поперечним рухом газів; зі змінним складом свіжої горючої суміші. За способом видалення залишкових газів слід розрізняти: продування стовбура інертними газами з подальшою подачею (виштовхуванням інертного газу) свіжою горючою сумішшю газів; продування стовбура повітрям або киснем з подальшою подачею свіжої горючої суміші; подача свіжої горючої суміші з безпосереднім виштовхуванням нею продуктів згоряння; подача свіжої паливної суміші з безпосереднім виштовхуванням нею продуктів згоряння через проміжну газову пробку невеликої довжини; відкачування залишкових газів зі стовбура для створення розрідження (вакууму) з наступним заповненням свіжою горючою сумішшю газів; поєднання продування (виштовхування) залишкових газів з відкачуванням. За напрямком потоку свіжої горючої суміші розрізняють її подачу: за напрямом течії продуктів згоряння; назустріч напрямку течії продуктів згоряння; упоперек напряму течії продуктів згоряння; поєднанням зазначених вище прийомів. За місцем введення свіжої паливної суміші в стовбур розрізняють її подачу: біля закритого торця; біля відкритого торця; в середній частині стовбура; одночасно по всій довжині стовбура; поєднанням зазначених вище прийомів. Розглянуто схеми газообміну з різною циклічністю подачі газів.
Класифікація деталей машин з обліком якості їх поверхневого шару
Authors: Харламов Ю.О. , Романченко О.В. , Міцик А.В.
Published: October 2022

Скорочення трудомісткості та термінів конструкторської та технологічної підготовки виробництва є актуальним завданням машинобудування. Її розв’язання забезпечується шляхом комплексної автоматизації процесів проєктування, а також використанням принципів уніфікації та типізації. Оперативно та обґрунтовано виконувати запозичення проєктних рішень можна лише з використанням систем класифікації, що дозволяють описати об’єкти виробництва знеособленим кодом (незалежно від їхнього функціонального призначення). Розглянуто наявні підходи щодо оцінки ролі поверхонь при класифікації деталей машин в наявних системах автоматизації проєктування технологічних процесів. У відомих підходах до технологічної класифікації деталей машин їх поверхні розглядаються з геометричної точки зору та не враховуються параметри якості поверхневого шару, за винятком шорсткості поверхонь. Для високонавантажених відповідальних поверхонь деталей доцільно використовувати інформаційні моделі поверхонь, які можуть бути охарактеризовані та описані відповідною сукупністю (множиною) ознак. Показано необхідність стандартизації технологічно керованих та метрологічно забезпечених параметрів, що мають основний вплив на експлуатаційні властивості деталей машин. Експлуатаційні властивості деталей машин, що визначають їхню надійність, залежать від системи параметрів якості їх робочих поверхонь: макровідхилення; хвилястості; шорсткості; субшорсткості; фізико-хімічних властивостей. Систематизована інформація про характер впливу на експлуатаційні властивості деталей машин та їх з’єднань основних параметрів якості поверхні. Запропоновано методику кодування поверхонь за їх функціональним призначенням або експлуатаційними властивостями двома розрядами, а поверхонь багатофункціонального призначення комплексом таких розрядів. За функціональним призначенням та необхідними експлуатаційними властивостями здійснюється вибір та перевірка призначення конструктивно-технологічних особливостей та параметрів стану поверхневого шару. Розроблено методики кодування типу поверхневого шару (ПШ), матеріалу ПШ за хімічним складом та параметрів якості ПШ.
Outcome of Patient with Biliary Ascariasis Admitted in A Tertiary Hospital in Chattogram
Authors: Nasreen Hasina , Hassan Mahtab Uddin
Published: October 2022

Background: Biliary ascariasis is common, not only in under developed countries, but also in other parts of the world and should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with biliary pain or acute cholangitis, even at centers where biliary ascariasis is not endemic. This study aimed to assess the clinical and ultrasonic features and management of such patients admitted in a tertiary hospital of Bangladesh.

Materials and methods: Fifty cases of biliary ascariasis admitted in the Medicine Ward of Chittagong Medical College Hospital from January to June 2017 were included in the study. Patients were initially treated conservatively with Tab albendazole (400mg) twelve hourly for 3 days. Serial ultrasonography was done to see the position of worm in the biliary tree.

Results: Majority (68%) of the respondents was in 18 to 35 years age group and 78% were female. Abdominal pain and vomiting were the common presenting features present respectively in 100%, and 78% of the cases. Pain was relieved in 92% of the cases and worm was present in biliary tree only in 4% cases in follow-up sonography. Forty two (84%) of the patients were cured with conservative treatment and the rest 16% needed endoscopic or surgical treatment.

Conclusion: It is concluded that conservative treatment with albendazole is very effective and safe in patients with biliary ascariasis.

IAHS Medical Journal Vol 4(2), December 2021; 8-11
Outcome of Gustilo Type Iiib Fracture Shaft of Tibia Treated with Definitive Fixation and Flap Coverage within Two Weeks
Authors: Ahmed Md Tashfic , Md Rasel Kutubuddin , Mahmood Sheikh Kawser , Munir Md Nazmul , Uddin Md Kamal , Rahman Chowdhury Md Mizanur
Published: October 2022

Background: Traditionally Gustilo III B fractures are treated with external fixators initially, which leads to various complications. Purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of definitive management of Gustilo type III B tibia fractures with intramedullary nailing and flap coverage within two weeks on overall outcome.

Materials and methods: This was a single group clinical trial and was conducted in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and of Burn and Plastic Surgery of CMCH for a period of two years. Twenty two patients were enrolled through inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were followed up for 15 months and overall outcomes were measured by Tucker criteria.

Results: In this study, Out of 22 patients, male (90.9%) were more than female (9.1%). According to post-operative complications, superficial infection was in 09 (40.9%) patients, deep infection was in 05 (22.7%) patients, 07 (35%) patients had delayed-union, 05 (25%) patients had non union and only 01 (05%) patient had knee stiffness. Mean ± SD time for fracture union was 11.27 ± 2.738 months (Range: 8-15 months). Functional outcome at the final follow-up, 10 (50%) had excellent outcome. Good outcome was in 02 (10%), fair outcome was in 03 (15%) and poor outcome was in 05 (25%) patients respectively according to Tucker et al. criteria, Post-operative infection and non union showed statistical significance according to p value.

Conclusion: After 15 months of surgery, intramedullary nailing and flap coverage within two weeks is a feasible treatment option for Gustilo type III B tibia fractures providing excellent to good outcome, minimum fracture union time and low rate of complications.

IAHS Medical Journal Vol 4(2), December 2021; 24-27
Accuracy of Core Biopsy without Image Guidance in the Tissue Diagnosis of Breast Lump
Authors: Hoq Md Rashidul , Khan Shahidul Islam , Sayeed Ahmed
Published: October 2022

Background: A breast lump is a localized swelling, protuberance, bulge or lump in the breast that feels different from the breast tissue around it or the breast tissue in the same area of the other breast. The aim of this study is to assess the accrurcy/efficacy of the free hand percutatnous core biopsy without image guidance for the palpable radiologically suspicious breast lump.

Materials and methods: This is a retrospective cross sectional study based on reviewing the histopathological reports (59) of all patients of suspicious breast lump in a single center (By single surgeon, single pathologist). Study period was from July 2019 to June 2020.

Results: The absolute sensitivity of free hand core biopsy for diagnosis of Carmona palpable lesion was 98%and was statically significant (p<.00) and t=43.51. 2% found Carcinoma and other breast diseases.

Conclusion: So considering the accuracy of tissue diagnosis of palpable suspicious breast lump is so high that image guidance is unnecessary.

IAHS Medical Journal Vol 4(2), December 2021; 28-31
Peripheral Perfusion Index in Assessment of Shock in Paediatric Intensive Care Unit of A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Ullah Monir , Biswas Suman , Islam Md Saiful , Hossain Mohammed , Amin Chowdhury Muhammad Jabed Bin , Chowdhury Rana , Meah Mohammad Musa , Mahmud Nasir Uddin , Ahmed Farid Uddin
Published: October 2022

Background: Measures of peripheral perfusion can be used to assess the hemodynamic status of critically ill patients. The peripheral Perfusion Index (PI) based on analysis of the pulse oximetry signal has been implemented in monitoring systems as an index of peripheral perfusion. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical state of shock by PI in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh.

Materials and methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the PICU of Chittagong Medical College Hospital. Children aged 1 month to 12 years who needed hemodynamic monitoring were included and categorized into five age groups. Demographic data, vital parameters and PI were recorded. Hemodynamic monitoring was started as early as possible within 24 hours of arrival in PICU, then 30 minutes after, then 8 hourly for a total 4 observations.

Results: In total, 199 children were included with or without features of shock and 796 hemodynamic measurements were taken and analyzed. Mean/median PIs were significantly higher in patients without shock compared to patients with shock in all age groups except age group 10-12 years of age. Clinical shock can be reasonably detected when PI value was < 1.25 in children <1 year of age, < 2.05 in 1 to 3 years of age, <2.55 in 3 to 5 years, and <1.95 in 5-10 years of age. These values had low sensitivity but high specificity in detecting clinically assessed shock in that particular age group. Overall, PI had good correlation with systolic, diastolic, mean arterial blood pressure and pulse pressure. Children with different features of shock had significantly lower mean PI compared to children without features of shock.

Conclusion: PI can be used as a non-invasive, continuous parameter to monitor peripheral perfusion in critically ill children managed in PICU.

IAHS Medical Journal Vol 4(2), December 2021; 46-50
Vision on biodiversity: Indigenous techniques of biodiversity assessment of butterflies in some forests of Bangladesh
Authors: Bashar MA , Khan HR
Published: October 2022

In the present study few indigenous techniques of the biodiversity assessment of butterflies were practiced in some forest ecosystems of Bangladesh. Butterfly-plant interaction in a forest ecosystem is a dynamic key factor that determines the status of a forest. A research team of the Environmental Biology and Biodiversity Laboratory (EBBL) of the department of Zoology, Dhaka University worked successfully on a population census of butterflies in some forests by using their newly innovated method the “Biotic-epicntre technical model”. This method deals with two important points for practicing it in the field condition. These are ethological aspects of the butterflies and application of epicentre-spot-design. In total 202 butterfly species (belonging to seven different families) were studied in the forests experimental stations of Bangladesh. The families are Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae, Danaidae, Lycaenidae and Satyridae. The „vulnerability status‟ comprises„Available (Av)‟, „Rare (Rr)‟, „Near Threatened (Nt)‟, „Threatened (Tr)‟, „Critically Threatened (Ct)‟ and „Endangered (En)‟. The study revealed that the highest number of host-plant families (25 families) was used by lycaenids (45 species). The family Satyridae had the lowest number hostplant families (only 2). The second highest number of host-plant families (24 families) was associated with the family Nymphalidae (34 butterfly species). 38 butterfly species of Hesperiidae were associated with only nine families of the host-plants. The family Papilionidae (19 species) was related to only five host plant families. The butterflies (23 species) of the family Pieridae were found to depend on ten host-plant families. The members of the family Danaidae (12 species) were found on four host-plant families. More than 35 forest-areas of Bangladesh were included in the present investigation. Out of the total studied species (202), six species were found and declared „Endangered‟. Among the examined butterflies, 12, 13, 9, 64 and 98 species hold the status of Critically Threatened, Threatened, Near Threatened, Rare and Available respectively. The population census of the butterflies was carried out in three major forest areas of Bangladesh. The biodiversity assessment methods practiced in the various experimental fields have been illustrated with their respective different figures.
J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2022, 8(1): 1-14
Influence of textile effluent and chemical fertilizers on the yield of tossa jute (Corchorus olitorius)
Authors: Begum M , Gani MN , Alam MD
Published: October 2022

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of textile effluent and chemical fertilizer on growth and yield of tossa jute (O-795). The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated thrice with six treatments. Growth parameters, viz. plant height, base diameter, green weight, dry matter weight, fiber yield and stick yield were assessed. The highest height (3.7 m), maximum base diameter (16.17 mm), maximum green plants yield with leaves (58.65 t ha-1), maximum green plants yield without leaves (37.46 t ha-1), highest fiber yield (2.87 t ha-1 ) and highest stick yield (6.2 t ha-1) were recorded with T2(100% RDF + 0% effluent). From the economic analysis point of view, it was found that T4 (50% RDF + 50% effluent) showed higher BCR (2.73) than T2 (100% RDF + 0% effluent). Although the best growth performance was observed in T2 (100% RDF + 0% effluent), but in terms of BCR T4 (50% RDF + 50% effluent) was the best.
J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2022, 8(1): 15-22
Systematic and ecological study of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the region of Timgad, Algeria
Authors: Belkhiri N , Aberkane N , Hedjouli Z , Habbachi W , Benhissen S
Published: October 2022

We conducted an inventory in the wilaya of Batna more particularly the region of Timgad during the period from January 2018 to December of the same year. Sampling is done monthly using the “Dipping” method to collect the mosquito larvae which were then transported to the laboratory for identification. Five mosquito species were collected in the surveyed site presented by 1035 individuals, these were Culex pipiens, Culex theileri, Culex hortensis, Culex deserticola and Culiseta longiareolata which appears to be the most abundant with three significant pullulation peaks. This inventory is supplemented by a physicochemical analysis of water to study the correlation between mosquito larval density and site water quality.
J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2022, 8(1): 49-56
Nutraceutical evaluation of under-utilized wild plant seeds in Nigeria
Authors: Ampitan TA , Adekamb DI , Ampitan AA
Published: October 2022

Nutrient evaluation and phytochemical screening of four selected wild plants seed from Kainji Lake National Park Range were carried out. The selected plants include Detarium microcarpum, Daniela olivera, Vitallaria paradoxa and Entanda africana. The various plant seeds were analysed for their proximate composition and the mean range values of moisture (5.09±0.24 to 6.73±1.11 g/100 g), ash (2.65±0.27 to 9.93±0.65 g/100 g), Crude fibres (1.24±0.10 to 6.75±0.37 g/100 g), crude protein (13.26±0.66 g/100 g), crude fat (8.72±0.42 to 16.00±0.68 g/100 g) and the calculated NFE range (54.53±0.27 g/100 g) were reported. Result revealed that all the plant seeds used were low in moisture contents an attributes for good storage and packaging for animal feed ratios. The qualitative analysis showed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, cardiac glycosides. Triterpenoids, quinine, sterols and traces of carbohydrate in Vitellaria paradoxa only. While phenol was not detected in all the plant seeds examined. The presence of saponins in all the plant seeds studied it is an indication that the seeds could be described as a potential source of natural antioxidants. This study therefore concluded that the phytochemical constituents revealed in some of the seed samples can be correlated with its medicinal properties used by traditional herbal healers around the study area.
J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2022, 8(1): 91-98
Outcome Comparison of Midazolam And Succinylcholine in Laryngeal Mask Airway
Authors: Khatoon Syeda Nafisa , Tipu Md Rezaul Hoque , Hasan Sanjida , Billah KM Baki , Chowdhury Gulshan Ara , Alam AKM Shamsul
Published: October 2022

Background: The most vital element in providing functional respiration is the airway and the major responsibility of the anesthetist is to provide respiration for the patient through a patent airway and adequate ventilation. The use of Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) is well established in anesthetic practice. The LMA is an innovative airway management device intended as an alternative airway to face mask use and being used in millions of patients for routine and emergency procedures. LMA obviates the need for tracheal intubation during anesthesia. The efficacy of thiopentone can be altered by midazolam or succinylcholine in combination. We used thiopentone sodium (5mg/kg) and midazolam (0.05mg/kg) as induction agent in group A (Control group) and thiopentone sodium (5mg/kg) and succinylcholine (0.25mg/kg) in group B for LMA. This randomized trial was conducted to compare the effectiveness of midazolam and succinylcholine added with thiopentone in smooth insertion of LMA. Materials and methods: The study was done in the Department of Anesthesiology, Chittagong Medical College from July 2013 to December 2014. All the patients scheduled for elective surgical procedures under general anesthesia fulfilling the inclusion criteria, were the study population. Data was analyzed by computer based software SPSS-17. Results: Mean age of patients were 33.50 years ± SD- 10.629 years in group A and 32.22 years ± SD- 9.192 years in group B. In all patients (42) from group A, LMA was successfully inserted after first attempt and in group B 36 (85.71%) patients required single attempt. The overall insertion condition of LMA was excellent in 21 (50%) patients in group A and in 13 (30.95%) patients in group B. Conclusion: In the perspective of our study, midazolamthiopentone sodium is more effective and safe to use in smooth insertion of LMA.

JCMCTA 2018 ; 29 (1) : 17-22
Intermediate Release Oxybutynin in Symptomatic Overactive Bladder
Authors: Rahman Mofizur , Haque Mohammed Monowar Ul , Islam AKM Anwarul
Published: October 2022

Background : Anticholinergic drugs are recommended as first line with Oxybutynin (IR) being one of the most commonly recommended drug. Older pharmacological agent such as propanthelene, dicyclomine and tricyclic antidepressent like imipramine have been used but have become alternative due to poor patient tolerability and lack of strong evidence from clinical trials. A combination of behavioral therapy and drug therapy has been shown to be more effective than either drug therapy or behavioral therapy alone. To assess the efficacy of Oxybutynin (IR) on number of micturition per day, episodes of incontinence per day and voided urinary volume along with the adverse effects of Oxybutynin (IR) and safety of the drug. Materials and methods: This study was conducted at the Department of Urology, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, from July, 2012 to June, 2013. Purposive sampling was done. Bladder diary was used for evaluating the symptoms of the patient during baseline and 08 weeks follow up. Perceived level of benefit of the patients was assessed and graded using Likert scale. Data analysis was conducted by SPSS version-21. Results: Out of 84 patients, 25 (29.8%) were male and 59 (70.2%) were female. Male female ratio was 1:2.4. The study revealed that the most of the patients, 49 (58.33%) were subjected to much benefit followed by 26 (30.95%) patients experienced little benefit and 09 (10.71%) patients were not benefited from the treatment. Conclusion: Oxybutynin showed a significant level of efficacy on overactive bladder with an acceptable level of side effects.

JCMCTA 2018 ; 29 (1) : 23-27
Study on Vulnerability of Malnourished Children To Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Chowdhury Bidhan Roy , Das Suchanda
Published: October 2022

Background: Knowledge of baseline risk of urinary tract infection in malnourished child can help clinicians make informed diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. To see the prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in malnourished children & compare the prevalence of UTI between malnourished and well-nourished children. As well as to study the clinical features & to see organisms responsible for UTI and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns in malnourished children. Materials and methods: This prospective comparative study was carried out among fifty hospitalized malnourished children (Case) and fifty hospitalized well-nourished children (Control) during the period of July to December 2010. The relevant information from history and physical examination were noted in a preformed standard questionnaire. Laboratory investigations and other necessary tests were done as indicated. Clean-catch midstream urine samples were collected from all studied children in sterilized test tube and sent to laboratory within one hour of collection. Results: Prevalence of UTI in malnourished children was 16 percent, which was higher than those of control (4%), which was statistically significant. The prevalence of UTI in marasmic-kwashiorkor (66.67%) was much higher than those of kwashiorkor (5.26%) and marasmus (33.33%). Age and sex of the malnourished individuals did not contribute to the prevalence of UTI. Pyuria (Pus cell > 10/HPF) alone was not found to be diagnostic but had significant correlation with the presence of UTI. Symptoms and signs of UTI in malnourished children were scanty and not adequate for clinical suspicion. Organism responsible for UTI in malnourished children were E. coli (75.%) Proteus (12.5%) and Klebsiella (12.5%) which were almost sensitive to commonly used antibiotics, except amoxycillin. Conclusions: Prevalence of UTI is significantly high among malnourished children of all categories. But symptoms and signs of UTI are non-specific and scare in malnourished children. So, all malnourished children should be routinely investigated for UTI.

JCMCTA 2018 ; 29 (1) : 57-62
Management of Diabetes Care Services
Authors: Chowdhury Sumon Rahman
Published: October 2022

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder with short and long term consequences which requires prompt treatment sometimes even with prolonged hospitalization and increased health care costs. It is thus very important to have an effective and efficient Diabetes Multi- Specialty Health Care team to ensure early detection and prevention of complications in every Diabetes Centre. Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) is an invaluable tool that is associated with improved diabetes knowledge and self-care behavior, improved clinical outcomes such as lower HbA1C, lower self-reported weight, improved quality of life; healthy coping; and lower costs and thus needs to be implemented and educated to every patient. Moreover, the Diabetes educator also has an important role to teach about diabetes and self management so that patients can carry out their own part of the responsibility. Educators help patients reflect on their own personal situation and priorities so that they will be prepared to make informed decisions to reach their diabetes goals. Furthermore, noncompliance of treatment amongst patients and the detrimental effects of Poly pharmacy on the patient’s well-being also need to be addressed to minimize complications. Lastly, an effective patient register and recall system are crucial components of successful diabetes care within a general practice setting and a dynamic and regular process of audit is necessary to identify deficiencies and ensure improvements in practice.

JCMCTA 2018 ; 29 (1) : 68-74
Iron Deficiency Anemia as a Risk Factor For Febrile Seizure in Children
Authors: Alam Md Shah , Sultana Razia , Karim Mohammed Rezaul , Ulla AKM Zafar , Nahar Kamrun , Khan Mohammad Asif
Published: October 2022

Background: Febrile seizures are the most common type of seizures in children. It is prevalent in children aged between 6 months and 60 months, with an incidence of 2-5%. On the other hand, iron deficiency anemia is the most common hematologic disease of infancy and childhood with a period of incidence that coincides with the time of developing febrile seizures. Therefore, it is hypothesized that there is a possible association between this two conditions. The relationship between iron deficiency anemia and febrile seizures had been examined in several studies with conflicting results. This study was designed to elucidate this association. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between Iron deficiency anemia and febrile seizures in children. Materials and methods: In this case-control study 80 children with a diagnosis of febrile seizures, aged between 6 months and 60 months who were visited Pediatric ward and Pediatric outpatient department of Chattogram Medical College Hospital, Chattogram, during June 2012 to may 2013 were enrolled as cases. The control group consisted of 80 febrile children without seizure and were matched to the cases by gender and age. Iron deficiency anemia was diagnosed by hematologic investigations of hemoglobin value <11g%, serum ferritin value <30ng/mL and RDW > 15%. Results: A total 36 out of 80(45%) seizure cases had iron deficiency anemia whereas, 08 out of 80(10%) controls were found to have iron deficiency anemia. There was statistical significance of difference observed in two groups (p<0.001). Univariate risk factor analysis for control versus case showed odds ratio 7.364 (3.138 – 17.279) (95 % CI). The mean serum ferritin level of cases and controls were 43.01±29.77 and 72.36±38.66 (ng/mL) respectively (p<0.001). The mean value of HB%, MCV, MCH, and RDW% were also found significantly lower in the cases than controls (p<0.001). Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia was more frequent among children with febrile seizures than those with febrile illness alone. The findings of this study suggest a positive association between iron deficiency and febrile seizures in children and screening for Iron deficiency anemia should be considered in children presenting with febrile seizures.

JCMCTA 2018 ; 29 (2) : 9-15
Gender Variation of In-Hospital Outcome In Patients With Unstable Angina by Timi Risk Score
Authors: Siddique Mohammed Saleh Uddin , Das Sandipan , Uddin Mohammad Kafil , Jahangir AYM Nuruddin , Hossen Md Abul , Khan Mohammad Asif
Published: October 2022

Background: The TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) risk score is a seven item risk stratification tool derived from trials of patients with Unstable Angina (UA) that has been validated in Emergency Department (ED) patients with potential Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS). To evaluate frequency, outcome and correlation of the gender variation of in-hospital outcome in patients of unstable angina by TIMI risk score. Materials and methods: This was an observational study of Cardiac Care Unit (CCU) patients with unstable angina. Data included demographics, medical and cardiac history, and components of the TIMI risk score. Investigators followed the hospital course daily. The outcomes were death, Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) heart failure and arrhythmia during hospital stay as stratified by TIMI risk score and compared between genders using 2 tests. Data were analyzed by SPSS version-19. Results: In this study 62% patients were male and 38% patients were female. 55.20% female had low TIMI score whereas 16.10% male and 18.40% female had very high TIMI scores. The mortality rate was 0% in low TIMI score but the rate was increased in high TIMI score e.g. 3.30% in male patients and 2.60% in female patients with unstable angina. The rate of occuring MI, Cardiogenic shock, Heart failure is increased respectively from low to high TIMI score. In case of Arrhythmia, 17.70% male and 15.70% female had low TIMI score whereas 25.80% male and 26.30% female had high TIMI score. Conclusion: The TIMI risk score successfully stratifies risk in both males and females with UA at the time of CCU presentation; however, males have worse outcome at low TIMI scores than female.

JCMCTA 2018 ; 29 (2) : 35-40
Distribution of Pediatric Surgical Cases Over Five Years in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Laila Kamrun , Khan Mohammad Asif , Dasgupta Pritam , Ali Sytuha Binta , Hossain Kamrul
Published: October 2022

Background: Health care providers have given their efforts to reduce the rate of child mortality and morbidity, throughout the world. But inadequate amount of knowledge about the demand of pediatric surgical care lagging us behind to achieve our goal. The study was conducted to observe the distribution of pediatric surgical cases over five years in the study site. Materials and methods: It was a descriptive type of observational study. Data was extracted from record book of surgical procedures done in Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bangabandhu Memorial Hospital (BBMH) Chattogram, over a period of 5 years, from January 2013 to December 2017. Written permission was taken from the hospital authority prior to data collection. Descriptive data analysis was done by Microsoft Excel (Version 2013). Results: Out of total 2977 cases, 10-15 years age group had a predominance of 828 cases and the least was more than 15 years age group (672 cases). A male predominance was observed, with 65% of all cases (Total- 1935 cases) while female patients comprised rest of it. Male female ratio was 1.86: 1. Over 5 years period appendicectomy (497) circumcision (530) herniotomy (425) rectal polypectomy (255) showed abundant number covering majority of the surgical procedures. On the contrary, splenectomy with cholecystectomy was the least performed surgery (5) mostly done for haemolytic disease of newborn (Thalassemia). Conclusion: To deal with huge amount of surgical patients of pediatric age group an organized effort is required to ensure proper environment and resources to facilitate optimal implementation of surgical care to the future generations of a country.

JCMCTA 2018 ; 29 (2) : 47-52
Closed Lateral Internal Anal Sphincterotomy Under Local Anesthesia for Treatment Of Chronic Anal Fissure: Our 10 Years Experience
Authors: Hoque Md Saiful , Chowdhury Tahmina Akhter , Islam Md Saiful , Azad Khondoker AK
Published: October 2022

Background: Chronic anal fissure is one of the most frequent proctological disorders worldwide. Closed Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy (LIS) is one of the therapeutic options accepted as the treatment of choice for Chronic Anal Fissure (CAF) as it reduces the hypertonia of the internal anal sphincter, decreases anal pain, and allows the fissure to heal. LIS can be done under general anesthesia or local anesthesia. Aim of this study was to see the post operative outcome of closed LIS done under local anaesthesia. Materials and methods : This retrospective study was conducted in Department of Surgery of Chattogram Medical College hospital and some private hospitals of Chattogram city from January 2008 to December 2017. Total 550 patients of CAF who underwent closed LIS under local anesthesia were included. Atypical fissures associated with other disease were excluded. Results: The mean duration of hospital stay was 3.38 ± 1.2 hours. Sentinel skin tag was excised in 296 patients. The fissure was posterior in 73.63% patients and anterior in 7.81% patients. Recurrence was noted in 1.3% patients within four months. 63.27% patients experienced normal continence except occasional lack of fecal control postoperatively and only one patient developed gross incontinence of solid and liquid stool. Conclusion : This study concluded that closed LIS under local anaesthesia is the procedure of choice for management of CAF as it is cost effective and time saving.

JCMCTA 2018 ; 29 (2) : 53-56
Patients’ Satisfaction With Health Care Services Provided at Out Patient Department of Selected Public and Private Hospital
Authors: Deb Ajoy
Published: October 2022

Background: Now a days, the patients are looking for hustle free and quick services in this fast growing world. In order to improve the satisfaction level of patients with health care provided at OPD, it is a requirement to have knowledge of the level of satisfaction of patients and feedback, about the services provided in the outpatient departments.The study design was conducted to assess patients satisfaction with health care services provided at outpatient department. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at outpatient department of a public hospital ie. Chattogram Medical College Hospital (CMCH) and A Private Hospital ie. Chattagram Maa Shishu-O-General Hospital (CMSOGH) Chattogram, commencing from 1st January 2011 to 30th June 2011 and sample size was 106. Convenient type of sampling technique was followed.Data was collected by using questionnaire containing structured questions. Results: The mean age of the patients was 35 years ± 6.9.In case of receiving services from these two hospitals, the highest percentage was among the age group 30-39 years which is about 36.66% and lowest among the age group 50-59 years which is about 16.98%. Maximum patients were not satisfied with the hospital environment. Regarding OPD ticket fee 86.67% patients in CMCH were satisfied whereas only 26.09% patients were satisfied in CMSOGH.54.72% patients were satisfied with sympathy and respect shown to them by doctors. Privacy during examination (71.70%) investigation from outside hospital (60.38%) and not satisfied with consent before examination (79.25%) in total of CMCH & CMSOGH patients.55.26% female patients were satisfied with attitude of the doctor whereas 51.47% male patients are satisfied. 53.57% Secondary to graduate level patients were satisfied and Illiterate to primary level group were 52.00%. Conclusion: This study on patient satisfaction with health care services provided at OPD will help the relevant policy makers and planners in making appropriate plan and policies to reduce the problems and improve their health.Moreover, the study will reveal much useful information that will help physicians in Bangladesh to be more patient friendly; the researcher thinks in a nutshell that these are the justification of the study.

JCMCTA 2018 ; 29 (2) : 57-62
Assessment of Dental Caries Prevalence Among Bangladeshi School Children
Authors: Uddin Mohammed Kamal , Uddin ABM Farid , Ahmed Sadia , Mahmud Manjur E
Published: October 2022

Background: Dental caries or tooth decay is one of the most important health problems in human life. In addition, tooth decay is an infectious disease that affects all population Worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index among a representative sample of 11-16 years old school children in Rangamati district, Bangladesh. Materials and methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was performed from 1st October to 30th November, 2016 on 146 children 11- 16 years old students who were conveniently selected from a high school in Kaptai Upazila, Rangamati District to assess the DMFT index. The DMFT index was determined using the standard method suggested by World Health Organization (WHO) and data were analyzed using SPSS software (Version 18.0) and presented as mean ± Standard Deviation (SD). Results: The prevalence of dental caries in permanent dentition was 57.53% and the highest 64.71% in 13 age group in comparison to the other ages (11, 12, 14, 15, and 16) (55.56%, 52.63%, 64.29%, 54.55% and 25.00%) respectively. The mean DMFT for the sample was 1.92 ± 2.36, while the mean DMFT for different age groups (11-16) were 1.67±2.06, 1.68±2.23, 2.45±2.66, 2.29±2.25, 1.09±1.38 and 0.25±0.50 respectively. The prevalence of dental caries was higher in female with DMFT 2.32±2.57 than in males with DMFT 1.60±2.14. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the mean DMFT scores in 11-16 years old students are lower than the global standards suggested by WHO.

JCMCTA 2018 ; 29 (2) : 63-67
Pre-diabetes: Diagnostic Criteria And Therapeutic Approach
Authors: Chowdhury Sumon Rahman
Published: October 2022

Pre-diabetes is defined as Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) or Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) after a standard OGTT test. It is a high risk state not only because it may lead to diabetes, but also because of the associated complications such as vascular complications, nephropathy, and neuropathy that have been reported in people with Pre-diabetes. Pathophysiology of pre-diabetes state is linked to two main factors, insulin resistance and the relative deficiency of beta cells, these two mechanisms will eventually lead to abnormal glucose level. Pre-diabetes increases the risk of both microvascular and macrovascular complications. It is also an independent risk for stroke and cardiovascular disease. Early detection of pre-diabetes by screening can help in preventing vascular complications, and helps in changing the natural history of this disease by improving the islet cell function. Lifestyle modification like weight reduction and exercise reduces the risk of T2DM whereas pharmacological treatment with Metformin, Acarbose, Voglibose and Orlistat have all demonstrated significant reductions in progression to T2DM with very few adverse effects. In this review, we shall discuss and highlight the evidences that support the benefits of early intervention in Pre-diabetes and determine the cost effectiveness of lifestyle modification and drug treatment.

JCMCTA 2018 ; 29 (2) : 68-75
Addison’s Disease : An Unusual Case Presentation
Authors: Afroz Shaikh Shirin , Alam Mohd Farhad , Chowdhury Sumon Rahman
Published: October 2022

Addison’s disease is a rare condition withan estimated incidence in the developed world of 0.8 cases per 100,000 and a prevalence of 4 to 11 cases per 100,000 population. Never the less, it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, but once the diagnosis is made it can be easily treated. The symptoms vary in specificity from weakness, tiredness, fatigue, anorexia and gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea, vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, and diarrhea to non-specific like salt craving, postural dizziness and muscle or joint pain. Biochemical abnormalities include hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. A definite diagnosis can be made by measuring ACTH and serum cortisol levels. We present a rare case of Addison's disease with Osteoarthritis in a 70 year old male who presented with a prolonged history of generalized joint pain with tenderness, stiffness and lack of flexibility along with nausea, vomiting, anorexia, weight loss and generalized hyperpigmentation of skin for 1 year. This is rather unique in the sense that the patients complained of the symptoms of Osteoarthritis several months prior to the diagnosis of Addison's disease and visited many specialists and primary health care providers only to be misdiagnosed. Therefore the purpose of this study is to outline the journey of this patient from the initial misdiagnosis to the eventual delayed diagnosis to the subsequent eventuality of death.

JCMCTA 2018 ; 29 (2) : 76-80
Startup Valuation with Artificial Intelligence: A SWOT Analysis
Authors: Davalas Athanasios , Charalabidis Yannis , Fenekoy Panagiota
Published: October 2022

The study in question is aimed at examining the use of AI in evaluation processes in startups. The research seeks to address the issues surrounding the use of AI in startup evaluation. The introduction presents some background information concerning AI use in evaluation processes in a newly created organization. A literature review presents more information as proof of the strengths and weaknesses of AI use in evaluating a startup. A clear presentation of the SWOT analysis of the use of AI in evaluating startup organizations. The findings paint a clearer picture of what startup organizations should expect when implementing the use of AI to evaluate themselves. A discussion of the findings is presented in the research to ensure that people understand the issues surrounding the use of AI in evaluating startups and that they know the strengths and weaknesses of using AI in such processes. A brief conclusion summarizes what has been discussed in the study.
Rare Case of Infective Endocarditis Cause by Candida Auris
Authors: Salam Sanna , Kaur Almeet , Qasim Nimra , Kaur Ettiman
Published: November 2022

Out of 150 described candida species, 10% are known to cause infections in Humans. Candida albicans was the most common cause of invasive candidiasis but according to the CDC the total number of confirmed cases of candida Auris in the duration of (September 2020 -august 2021) total of 3043 in USA and become superbug and becomes emerging multidrug resistant infection. Candida Auris was first described in a Japanese patient in 2009, after being isolated from external ear canal. This species is associated mostly with hospital environment, where it can survive on different surfaces for long periods. C. Auris has been associated with multiple outbreaks throughout the world. It is multidrug resistant and is considered as one of the most serious emerging pathogens of public health importance. Candida Auris infection incidence is significantly higher in the patients with primary or acquired immunosuppression. It can cause infection in all age groups with, most of reported cases isolating Candida Auris from blood and other deep-seated site of injection. We presented the case report of infective endocarditis caused by candida Arius and helps to provide more awareness that earlier intervention might reduce mortality and morbidity.
Manifestações orais em pacientes com HIV/AIDS: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Moura José Allysson de , Souza Escarlett Lingrid M. da S. , Silva Bruna Oliveira , Lima Adson Silva , França Talita de , Correia Ana Karina Fonseca Carvalho Calderan
Published: October 2022

Devido imunossupressão gerada nos pacientes acometidos pela infecção do Vírus da imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) ou da Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS), existe a apresentação de manifestações orais. Sendo assim, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo identificar na literatura científica as principais manifestações orais associadas a infecção do HIV/AIDS e o papel do cirurgião-dentista no diagnóstico destas condições. Para isto, foi utilizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura com busca nas bases de dados eletrônicas Scientific Electronic Library Online e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde com intermédio de descritores da saúde e com perído temporal de 2013 a 2021. Sendo a amostra elencada por 3 etapas e os resultados analisados por síntese descritiva. Obteve-se uma amostra com 10 artigos. A análise mostrou que as manifestações orais são comuns em indivíduos com infecção pelo HIV e que as mais incidentes são candidíase, leucoplasia pilosa e Sarcoma de Kaposi. Os cirurgiões dentistas são primordiais na identificação dessas manifestações orais que se identificadas precocemente podem gerar melhoria da qualidade de vida dos indivíduos. Conclui-se assim que esta é uma temática de grande relevância para a saúde pública nacional, que as manifestações orais são bem prevalentes nestes pacientes e que os cirurgiões dentistas devem ter conhecimento adequado para diagnosticá-las e tratá-las.