bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Report of chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase from Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, 2002-2008
Authors: Parikh Purvish
Published: December 2013

Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is the commonest hematological malignancy in India. This manuscript is a single center analysis CML in chronic phase (CP). Materials and Methods: We did retrospective analysis of almost 1000 patients registered as chronic myeloid leukemia over a period of 6 years at Tata Memorial Hospital. Results: We found striking difference in cytogenetic response among patients presenting in late chronic phase (CP) compared with the patients in early CP. The rate of complete cytogenetic response among patients in late CP was 60% while in early CP it was 80%, which was statistically significant (P = 0.0001). The overall survival was 86%, at a median follow-up of 51 months. Innovator glivec was taken by 671 patients among which complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) was seen in 72% whereas generic veenat was taken by 237 patients and CCyR was seen in 75% of them. Conclusion: Availability of imatinib has dramatically changed the outlook for CML in India. The response was identical for those treated with innovator brand of imatinib as compared to the generic brand. Hence quality generics provide a cost effective solution, which is particularly relevant in the current global scenario.
Report of chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase from Eastern India, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Kolkata, 2001-2009
Authors: Ray Siddhartha Sankar , Chakraborty Prantar , Chaudhuri Utpal ,   Ganesh
Published: December 2013

The data 192 patients from Eastern India, Kolkata center was presented in Indian cooperative oncology network meeting, out of which 97% patients were diagnosed in the chronic phase. Complete hematological response was seen in 70.5% among patients and 86% of patients were in clinical and hematological remission over 5 years with a median follow-up of 4.85 years.
Report of chronic myeloid leukemia from SEAROC experience, Jaipur over a period of 9 years
Authors: Maru Anish
Published: December 2013

SEAROC cancer center presented the data 387 patients from the city of Jaipur. This oncology center caters large number of population from Jaipur as well as from neighboring states. Out of the 387 patients, 334 (86%) patients were in chronic phase. Complete hematological response was seen in 368 (95%) of patients and no response in 5 patients. Among these patients, 33 (8.5%) progressed to blast crisis.
A short report on chronic myeloid leukemia from Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
Authors: Malhotra Pankaj , Varma Neelam , Varma Subhash
Published: December 2013

Post Graduate Institute (PGI) Chandigarh is a premier institute of North India. There are approximately 70,000 admissions per year. The adult clinical hematology department sees more than 2000 new patients per year. A preliminary analysis of 299 chronic myeloid leukemia patients registered from January 2001 until December 2007 was done. Out of these, 256 (86%) patients were in chronic phase (CP). The median age at presentation was 40 years. At 6 months of follow-up 95% of patients who were started on Imatinib mesylate based therapy remained in CP. Partial cytogenetic remission was seen in 69% of patients while complete cytogenetic response was seen in only 20% of patients at 6 months on Imatinib mesylate.
The treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia, data from Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad
Authors: Shah Sandip A
Published: December 2013

Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad presented data of total 840 patients, out of which 775 (90%) were in chronic phase. Complete hematological response (CHR) was seen in 96% of patients and median time to achieve (CHR) was 2 months. Complete cytogenetic response was seen in 36%.
Report of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore over 15 years
Authors: Babu Govind
Published: December 2013

Kidwai Memorial Institute of Bangalore is one of the most comprehensive and major regional cancer center. It was established in 1974 and caters population not only from Karnataka, but also from Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh. They presented the data of 540 patients out of which 95% patients were in chronic phase. Complete hematological response was seen in 98.45 of patients. Overall survival at 5 years was 86.5%.101 patients has suboptimal response were considered for and underwent mutational analysis, out of which 27 patients showed various mutations and are mentioned elaborately in the article.
Report of chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase from Omega Hospital and Indo-American Centre, Hyderabad, 2004-2010
Authors: Dattatreya P S , Nirni S S
Published: December 2013

Omega hospital and Indo-American Center from Hyderabad presented a data of 55 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia 87% (48) patients were in chronic phase. 5% (3) patients had primary resistance, while 64% (36) had shown good response to imatinib. At a median follow-up of 36 months 73% (40) of patients were in chronic phase.
Report of chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase from Dr. Senthil Rajappa, 2002-2009
Authors: Rajappa Senthil , Varadpande Lalit , Paul Tara Roshni , Jacob Rachel Thomas , Digumarti Raghunadharao
Published: December 2013

Nizam′s Institute of Medical Science is a premier institute of Hyderabad, established in 1980. The Medical Oncology Unit is the 1 st comprehensive cancer center established for the state of Andhra Pradesh. The department has presented a data of total 201 patients with the median age of 32 at diagnosis. Among these 66 (33%) patients belonged to low Hasford risk group. Complete hematologic response was seen in 195 (97%) of patients. The progression free survival (PFS) was 77% for all patients while those who achieved complete cytogenetic response, PFS was 88% at 29 months.
Imatinib mesylate resistance and mutations: An Indian experience
Authors: Srivastava Shweta , Dutt Sarjana
Published: December 2013

The treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been revolutionized by the small molecule selective kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate. Imanitib was the first BCR-ABL targeted agent approved for the treatment of CML patients and confers significant response in most patients; however, a substantial number of patients are initially refractory to the drug or may develop resistance during the course of treatment. Point mutations in the kinase domain (KD) of BCR-ABL that impact drug binding have been identified as one of the major mechanisms of resistance. We present here an overview of the current practice in monitoring for such mutations, including the methods used, criteria for investigating and guidelines for reporting the mutations. We further present and discuss the experience of our own laboratory in studying the KD mutations in Indian CML patients on imatinib treatment.
Therapeutic drug monitoring for imatinib: Current status and Indian experience
Authors: Arora Brijesh , Gota Vikram , Menon Hari , Sengar Manju , Nair Reena , Patial Pankaj , Banavali S D
Published: December 2013

Imatinib is the current gold standard for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Recent pharmacokinetic studies have shown considerable variability in trough concentrations of imatinib due to variations in its metabolism, poor compliance, or drug-drug interactions and highlighted its impact on clinical response. A trough level close to 1000 ng/mL, appears to be correlated with better cytogenetic and molecular responses. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) for imatinib may provide useful added information on efficacy, safety and compliance than clinical assessment alone and help in clinical decision making. It may be particularly helpful in patients with suboptimal response to treatment or treatment failure, severe or rare adverse events, possible drug interactions, or suspected nonadherence. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm relationship between imatinib plasma concentrations with response, and to define effective plasma concentrations in different patient populations.
Obstetrics-Gynecology Resident Attitudes and Perceptions About Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Targeted Needs Assessment to Aid Curriculum Development
Authors: Witzeman Kathryn A. , Kopfman Jenifer E.
Published: December 2013

Background

Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) accounts for 10% of gynecologic visits and is a common complaint in university-based and community resident clinics. Resident education about CPP has been inconsistent, and review of the limited literature shows predominantly negative perceptions of patients with CPP. Current literature lacks information regarding obstetrics-gynecology residents' attitudes and acquired knowledge regarding CPP.

Objective

This targeted needs assessment aims to identify regional obstetrics-gynecology resident attitudes and self-perceived knowledge regarding chronic pelvic pain in order to better address potential educational barriers and look toward placing a greater emphasis on this area in resident training.

Methods

We conducted a focus group of obstetrics-gynecology residents to identify major themes regarding attitudes about CPP. This informed the development of a survey administered to university-based and community-based obstetrics-gynecology residents (N  =  57) in the Colorado part of the Western Mountain Region. Cronbach α was calculated to determine reliability for each theme, and descriptive statistics were calculated for each theme. Independent samples t tests assessed differences between training levels and between university and community training sites.

Results

Survey response rate was 72% (41 of 57). Residents consistently reported feeling overwhelmed by CPP patients, perceived a lack of time to see these patients, and indicated a desire to learn more in this area, but they varied in chosen learning methods. No significant differences were found between levels of training or training sites.

Conclusions

Most obstetrics-gynecology residents surveyed believe they are inadequately prepared to address the needs of women presenting with CPP.
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria and sulfide‐dependent denitrifiers coexist in the water column of a meromictic south‐alpine lake
Authors: Wenk Christine B. , Blees Jan , Zopfi Jakob , Veronesi Mauro , Bourbonnais Annie , Schubert Carsten J. , Niemann Helge , Lehmann Moritz F.
Published: December 2013

In addition to organotrophic denitrification, alternative pathways, such as anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) or sulfide‐dependent denitrification may be important modes for the removal of fixed nitrogen (N) from lakes. We used Lake Lugano as a model system with which to assess possible controls on the concurrence of multiple suboxic N2 production pathways in a lacustrine water column. In the northern basin of Lake Lugano, concentration gradients of dissolved inorganic N toward the hypolimnetic redox transition zone (RTZ) indicate ammonium oxidation and nitrate reduction occurring in close vicinity. Ammonium reaches undetectable levels 15 m below the depth of oxygen disappearance, indicating its anaerobic consumption. The presence of anammox bacteria was confirmed by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed a maximum in anammox bacterial abundance at the same water depth where ammonium becomes exhausted. 15N‐labeling experiments indicate that anammox activity within the Lake Lugano RTZ can contribute up to ∼ 30% of total N2 production. Incubation experiments with various potential electron donors—glucose, acetate, Mn(II), Fe(II), and H2S—revealed that N2 formation was sulfide‐dependent and that organotrophic denitrification is only of minor importance for the elimination of fixed N from the Lake Lugano north basin. Maximum potential rates of anammox and chemolithotrophic denitrification were comparatively low but consistent with nutrient fluxes calculated from concentration gradients. This study provides evidence for the coexistence of anammox bacteria and sulfide‐dependent denitrifiers in the stratified water column of a lacustrine environment.
Photodegradation of methylmercury in stream ecosystems
Authors: Tsui Martin Tsz Ki , Blum Joel D. , Finlay Jacques C. , Balogh Steven J. , Kwon Sae Yun , Nollet Yabing H.
Published: December 2013

Photodegradation is an important sink for highly toxic methylmercury (MeHg) in aquatic ecosystems. Lakes have been extensively studied for MeHg photodegradation, but much less is known about streams, mainly because of the heterogeneity in sunlight availability along stream reaches and because there has been a lack of tools with which to integrate this longitudinal variability. We utilize odd‐mass anomalies of stable Hg isotopes (i.e., Δ199Hg) as a proxy for estimating the relative extent of MeHg photodegradation in streams. In a northern California stream network, levels of MeHg in water and biota increased with increasing stream size in headwater and intermediate streams (drainage areas ranging from 0.6 to 150 km2), but MeHg levels decreased substantially in larger streams (drainage areas up to 1212 km2). In smaller streams, the increase of MeHg levels is attributed to increasing in situ MeHg production and is accompanied by only a small increase in Δ199Hg, indicating that the rate of MeHg photodegradation is low relative to the rate of in situ MeHg production. In larger streams, decreasing MeHg levels coincided with significant increases in Δ199Hg of MeHg (an average increase of 1.5‰ ± 0.5‰, n = 4), indicating that increasing MeHg photodegradation reduced MeHg levels in these wider, more open channels. Our findings clearly indicate that increasing sunlight availability in stream channels substantially increases MeHg photodegradation, which can reduce MeHg contamination in stream food webs.
Modeling wind waves and wave exposure of nearshore zones in medium‐sized lakes
Authors: Seibt Christian , Peeters Frank , Graf Michael , Sprenger Michael , Hofmann Hilmar
Published: December 2013

We determine wind‐wave properties and estimate the wave exposure along the entire shore of Lake Überlingen, a subbasin of Lake Constance, using a third‐generation spectral wave model (SWAN), and compare results to field data on surface waves at three different sites and to predictions from a simple fetch‐based model (FETCH). Forcing the models with local wind data measured at a meteorological station in the center of Lake Überlingen provides better simulation results than a spatially resolved wind field obtained from the numerical weather system of the Consortium for Small Scale Modeling (COSMO). Because wave diffraction is considered in SWAN but not in FETCH, SWAN provides on average higher wave heights than FETCH and agrees better with observations for waves with heights above 0.15 m. Wave exposure, that is, the frequency of occurrence of wind waves with heights above 0.15 m, varied substantially between different sites along the shore even at small spatial scales. Although the general pattern of wave exposure was similar for simulations with SWAN and FETCH, the model results differed at specific sites, especially at bays and headlands, and also with respect to the absolute values for wave exposure and its variation between sites. Simple fetch models may be insufficient to reliably quantify the spatial variability of wave exposure at small spatial scales, and complex wave models such as SWAN may be required even in medium‐size lakes.
Large‐scale geographical variation in prokaryotic abundance and production in meso‐ and bathypelagic zones of the central Pacific and Southern Ocean
Authors: Yokokawa Taichi , Yang Yanhui , Motegi Chiaki , Nagata Toshi
Published: December 2013

Heterotrophic production and abundance of prokaryotes (i.e., Bacteria and Archaea) in meso‐ (200‐1000 m) and bathypelagic (> 1000 m) zones were measured at 31 stations along meridional transects of the central Pacific and Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean, covering a latitudinal range from 67.5°S to 53.6°N. Prokaryotic production and biomass in the mesopelagic zone displayed strong regional variation, generally consistent with model‐based estimates of sinking particulate organic carbon (POC) flux patterns. In the bathypelagic zone, the prokaryotic abundance distributions reflected sinking POC flux patterns, whereas the prokaryotic production distributions were complex and unrelated to sinking POC fluxes. In general, the prokaryotic carbon consumption (PCC) was accounted for by the POC flux, within a factor of three, except in the bathypelagic zone of the subtropical region, where PCC exceeded the POC flux at 1000 m by up to seven times. Our results generally support the notion that prokaryote abundance and production distributions in the ocean's interior display consistent vertical patterns among distant locations and generally reflect the POC flux regime over a large scale, although complex prokaryotic production distributions in the bathypelagic zone might indicate the presence of links between regional hydrographic features and organic carbon delivery in deep waters.
The total radiant energy, and the average depth of all the photons, in the water column
Authors: Kirk John T. O.
Published: December 2013

Using radiative transfer theory I show that for a given waveband, the total radiant energy, Qt, present within the water column (per square meter of surface) is proportional to the scalar irradiance just below the surface [E0(0)] and inversely proportional to the irradiance‐weighted vertical attenuation coefficient for scalar irradiance (wK0,av), in accordance with[eqn] where cw is the speed of light in the water. Further, Qt = E(0)/cwa where E(0)is the net downward irradiance just below the surface, and a is the absorption coefficient of the water for the waveband in question. The average depth, zp, of all the photons in the water column in a given waveband is equal to [wKE,av]−1, the reciprocal of the irradiance‐weighted vertical attenuation coefficient for net downward irradiance. This conclusion, at which we arrive on theoretical grounds, is confirmed by numerical modeling of the underwater light field.
Nitrogen enrichment increases net silica accumulation in a temperate salt marsh
Authors: Carey J. C. , Fulweiler R. W.
Published: December 2013

Two New England salt marshes exposed to different N availability were assessed seasonally for 1 yr, creating the first complete salt marsh Si budgets. Triplicate seasonal measurements were collected for aboveground biomass of dominant Spartina species (S. alterniflora Loisel. and S. patens (Aiton) Muhl.), belowground vegetation (roots and rhizomes), sediment, and pore water. Measured Si values (reported as SiO2) diverged in several respects to that of other wetlands. Biogenic Si (BSi) concentrations in S. alterniflora were > 1% of dry weight (dry wt), values higher than previously reported in a temperate salt marsh. Rhizomes had significantly less BSi than roots (0.45% and 1.24% dry wt in the rhizomes and roots, respectively). Roots at the high‐N marsh had higher BSi concentrations (average 1.44 ± 0.11% dry wt) than reported in other wetland plant species. Likewise, sediment amorphous Si (ASi) concentrations (> 12% ASi) were elevated compared with most other temperate wetlands, although the average (4.4% ± 0.5% ASi dry wt) was within the range of other reported values. A clear pattern toward more Si accumulation at the N‐enriched salt marsh was found in the roots, sediment, and pore water, and occasionally in the aboveground vegetation. Unlike other aquatic systems, N enrichment does not result in salt marsh Si limitation, despite the presence of Si‐accumulating organisms (marsh grasses). Increased soil respiration, sediment availability, and rates of organic matter decomposition are hypothesized to cause higher Si accumulation at the high‐N marsh. This relationship was most pronounced in the summer for S. patens, leading us also to hypothesize that Si accumulation in marsh grasses may be related to temperature stress.
Nickel limitation of nitrogen fixation in Trichodesmium
Authors: Ho Tung-Yuan
Published: December 2013

I show that the growth of Trichodesmium, the primary diazotrophic phytoplankton in tropical and subtropical oceans, can be limited by Ni availability in both trace metal‐defined culture media and natural seawater when the supply of Fe and P is sufficient. I further show that the increase of Ni concentrations elevates cellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and nitrogen fixation rates, suggesting that NiSOD may be involved in the protection of nitrogenase from superoxide inhibition during photosynthesis in this nonheterocystous diazotroph.
Concentration boundary layers around complex assemblages of macroalgae: Implications for the effects of ocean acidification on understory coralline algae
Authors: Cornwall Christopher E. , Hepburn Christopher D. , Pilditch Conrad A. , Hurd Catriona L.
Published: December 2013

Metabolic processes have the potential to modulate the effects of ocean acidification (OA) in nearshore macroalgal beds. We investigated whether natural mixed assemblages of the articulate coralline macroalga Arthrocardia corymbosa and understory crustose coralline algae (CCA) altered pH and O2 concentrations within and immediately above their canopies. In a unidirectional flume, we tested the effect of water velocity (0–0.1 m s−1), bulk seawater pH (ambient pH 8.05, and pH 7.65), and irradiance (photosynthetically saturating light and darkness) on pH and O2 concentration gradients, and the derived concentration boundary layer (CBL) thickness. At bulk seawater pH 7.65 and slow velocities (0 and 0.015 m s−1), pH at the CCA surface increased to 7.90–8.00 in the light. Although these manipulations were short term, this indicates a potential daytime buffering capacity that could alleviate the effects of OA. Photosynthetic activity also increased O2 concentrations at the surface of the CCA. However, this moderating capacity was flow dependent; the CBL thickness decreased from an average of 26.8 mm from the CCA surface at 0.015 m s−1 to 4.1 mm at 0.04 m s−1. The reverse trends occurred in the dark, with respiration causing pH and O2 concentrations to decrease at the CCA surface. At all flow velocities the CBL thicknesses (up to 68 mm) were much greater than those previously published, indicating that the presence of canopies can alter the CBL substantially. In situ, the height of macroalgal canopies can be an order of magnitude larger than those used here, indicating that the degree of buffering to OA will be context dependent.
Um Estudo Empírico sobre a Construção da Identidade Social do Consumidor de Toy Art
Authors: Barboza Renata Andreoni , Ayrosa Eduardo André Teixeira
Published: December 2013

O fenômeno do mercado de produtos, aparentemente infantis, para adultos é algo recente e em constante crescimento. Utilizando-se do Toy Art como exemplo desse mercado, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender como os consumidores de Toy Art utilizam o seu bem para constituir a sua identidade social, explorando esse relacionamento de consumo e os fatores que desencadeiam o processo de extensão. Este estudo é qualitativo e foi conduzido com entrevistas em profundidade com 14 consumidores de Toys, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 19 e 38 anos, residentes em diversos estados brasileiros, durante os meses de julho e agosto de 2009. Os resultados demonstraram que os consumidores de Toy Art utilizam o seu bem para constituir sua identidade social e como forma de diferenciação e de expressão. A extensão desses consumidores se dá durante essa busca pelo incomum, por um bem que os distinga dos demais.
Planejamento Estratégico Pessoal: a caminho de um referencial
Authors: Osinski Marilei , Pereira Maurício Fernandes , Neis Dyogo Felype , Moraes Neto Siqueira de
Published: December 2013

Este artigo visou identificar o perfil das pessoas que utilizam o Planejamento Estratégico Pessoal e, a partir disto, avaliar os elementos teóricos e empíricos necessários para a formulação de um referencial metodológico de Planejamento Estratégico Pessoal. Ampliando a concepção de Planejamento Estratégico no âmbito organizacional para a vida pessoal, a pesquisa desenvolve-se com base na literatura de Planejamento Estratégico Pessoal. A coleta dos dados primários foi realizada através da aplicação de um questionário com 35 questões, disponibilizado por mais de 60 dias em dois sites institucionais da UFSC – Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Ao todo, 345 pessoas responderam ao questionário. Dentre os resultados da pesquisa destacam-se que o sentido de “riqueza” extrapola os temas relacionados ao dinheiro, as pessoas entre a faixa etária de 26 a 30 anos são os que mais planejam e que 75% dos entrevistados utilizam alguma forma de planejamento pessoal.
O Isomorfismo na Educação Ambiental como Tema Transversal em Programas de Graduação em Administração
Authors: Silva Heloísa Helena Marques da , Campanario Milton Abreu , Souza Maria Tereza Saraiva de
Published: December 2013

A Política Nacional de Educação Ambiental determina a inclusão da Educação Ambiental em todos os níveis do ensino de modo transversal e contínuo, vedando sua utilização como disciplina específica. O referencial teórico está assentado no isomorfismo aplicado ao tema da transversalidade em Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES), buscando identificar os mecanismos que as impulsionam a mudar de comportamento frente a essa regulamentação, desvendando quais forças promovem a incorporação da educação ambiental na grade da graduação em Administração, como tema transversal.  A metodologia utilizada é quantitativo-qualitativa e utiliza um estudo multicaso junto a quatro IES, com Graduação em Administração. Conclui-se que pressão isomórfica coercitiva, por parte da sociedade, e normativa, ligada à atuação profissional, são as que mais contribuem para a institucionalização da educação ambiental na grade curricular. As demandas sociais para formação do administrador com conhecimentos ambientais é o fator mais forte neste processo.
Avaliação dos Riscos do Pregão Eletrônico: uma abordagem pela Teoria da Nova Economia Institucional
Authors: Faria Evandro Rodrigues de , Ferreira Marco Aurélio Marques , Gonçalves Márcio Augusto
Published: December 2013

A pesquisa investigou os fatores de riscos potencializados pela utilização do pregão eletrônico. Como fundamentação teórica foram utilizados os princípios da Teoria dos Custos de Transação (ECT). Foi realizada pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, com o objetivo de classificar as empresas fornecedoras da União de acordo com o grau de risco apresentado aos contratos de fornecimento. Foram elaborados constructos de acordo com os princípios da ECT sendo validados pelo Alfa de Cronbach. Posteriormente foram realizadas análises fatoriais e de cluster. Através das análises realizadas foi possível classificar os fornecedores em três grupos: alto risco, baixo risco e risco moderado. Através dos resultados, conclui-se que os Órgãos Públicos devem criar salvaguardas contra atitudes oportunistas. Por isso é importante a especificação correta dos produtos para não dar margem para a cotação de produtos de qualidade inferior, e também que sejam aplicadas, aos fornecedores oportunistas, as sanções previstas na lei.
Redes Sociais Informais e Desempenho de Empresas Incubadas
Authors: Lagemann Gerson Volney , Loiola Elizabeth
Published: December 2013

Objetivando explorar e analisar a relação entre redes e desempenho empresarial, este estudo de multicasos longitudinais foi desenvolvido em cinco empresas selecionadas por acessibilidade e conveniência, em diferentes estágios de incubação, na Softville, incubadora de base tecnológica de Joinville-SC. Gestores e empregados dessas empresas responderam ao questionário sociométrico, em três momentos no período de um ano. As redes de confiança, de informação técnica e de informação sobre gestão e suas características estruturais de tamanho, densidade e coesão foram mapeadas. Além disso, foram levantados dados de desempenho das empresas (tamanho da equipe, número de clientes e faturamento). Empresas pesquisadas com redes mais coesas apresentam melhores desempenhos, corroborando indicações da literatura e sugerem que práticas de suporte às empresas incubadas devem privilegiar competência de formação e de atuação em network.
Marketing Social Corporativo: estado da arte e proposição de um esquema conceitual
Authors: Vieira Francisco Giovanni David , Higuchi Agnaldo Keiti , Schneider Rosemeri , Corrêa Patricia Soares Azoline
Published: December 2013

A discussão sobre o desenvolvimento de ações sociais por parte de empresas, em regra, tem estado vinculada à concepção de marketing social. Originariamente vinculada à ação do Estado para a resolução de problemas sociais e para incentivar mudança de comportamento da população, essa concepção é reducionista e trata a iniciativa empresarial de marketing no campo social como sinônimo de filantropia, responsabilidade social ou marketing de causa social. O artigo enfoca essa questão, ainda não resolvida teoricamente no âmbito da disciplina, e propõe uma nova concepção para o desenvolvimento de ações sociais por parte das empresas, a qual é sintetizada em um esquema conceitual de marketing social com caráter corporativo. Para tanto, faz-se um balanço do estado da arte e são assinalados antecedentes, questões gerenciais, marcos teóricos, nomenclatura e categorias de análise de marketing social corporativo. Ao término, são apresentados pressupostos, taxonomia, proposições básicas e a aplicação do esquema conceitual.
Brazilian Administration Review: uma análise do perfil da produção acadêmica científica no período de 2004 a 2012 sob a ótica da rede social e da bibliometria
Authors: Ribeiro Henrique César Melo , Costa Benny Kramer
Published: December 2013

Este artigo explorou a produção acadêmica científica da Brazilian Administration Review, no período de 2004 a 2012. O artigo baseou-se num estudo de rede social e bibliométrico, utilizando-se da estatística descritiva, em 159 artigos identificados. Os principais resultados deste estudo foram: predominância de trabalhos em parceria; Machado-da-Silva foi o autor que mais publicou; a Fundação Getúlio Vargas de São Paulo foi a Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) que mais publicou; centralidade da rede de coautoria e da rede das IESs; DiMaggio foi o pesquisador mais citado; as palavras mais visualizadas nos títulos e nas palavras-chave foram: management, performance e organizational. Conclui-se de forma macro que o acervo da Brazilian Administration Review reflete o universo da produção acadêmica da área de administração, ajudando assim a desenvolver, a disseminar e a socializar a área por meio de artigos científicos publicados na literatura acadêmica nacional.
Is it Possible to Teach Entrepreneurship? Comparative Analysis with Brazilian Students
Authors: De Muylder Cristiana Fernandes , Dias Alexandre Teixeira , Oliveira Cláudio Luiz de Souza
Published: December 2013

Is it possible to teach someone to become an entrepreneur? It is this question that motivated this field survey in a Brazilian entrepreneurial training high school. A quantitative survey was carried out with a population of 313 students of the chosen school, being that 175 students were freshmen and 138 graduates. It was possible to observe that the freshmen and the graduate students confirm that the education and training that they received in the school, did contribute to become entrepreneurs, although a few divergences were described.  The students considered that innovating capacity, dealing with risks and gain professional maturity was important factors to achieve success within organizations or businesses. It was suggested new study comparing schools that do not have, as also to carry out studies in other countries with different cultural characteristics.
Teaching entrepreneurship students the practice of innovation: A brain-based guided experience approach
Authors: Degen Ronald Jean
Published: December 2013

This paper presents a new method for teaching entrepreneurship students to practice innovation and to create high-impact business opportunities.  The teaching method is based on the guided experience learning model that was developed by Caine et al. (2009) to develop the executive functions in the brains of learners, and on the innovation framework that was introduced by Verganti (2009).  The cognitive perspective of creativity, as explained by Weisberg (2006), is used to show how the practice of innovation can be learned.  The model used for the creative process is based on research by Wallas (1926), and on recent neurological findings on the deliberate and spontaneous pathways to creativity (Carson, 2010).  The concept of effectual process (SARASVATHY, 2008) provides an approach to the validation of the students’ radical innovation ideas.
Parasitic Infections among Children under Five Years in Senegal: Prevalence and Effect on Anaemia and Nutritional Status
Authors: Tine Roger C. K. , Faye Babacar , Ndour Cheikh T. , Sylla Khadime , Sow Doudou , Ndiaye Magatte , Ndiaye Jean L. , Magnussen Pascal , Alifrangis Michael , Bygbjerg Ib C. , Gaye Oumar
Published: December 2013

Although malaria is declining in many countries in Africa, malaria and anaemia remain frequent in children. This study was conducted to assess the relationship between malaria parasitaemia, intestinal worms, and anaemia, in children <5 years living in low transmission area in Senegal. A survey was carried out in 30 villages in the central part of Senegal. A two-level random cluster sampling technique was used to select study participant. Children <5 years were enrolled after informed consent. For each child, blood thick and smear tests were performed, haemoglobin concentration was measured with HemoCue, and stool samples were collected and examined using the Ritchie technique. A total of 736 children were recruited. Malaria parasite prevalence was 1.5% (0.7–2.6); anaemia was found in 53.4% (48.2–58.9), while intestinal parasites and stunting represented 26.2% (22.6–30.2) and 22% (18.6–25.5), respectively. In a logistic regression analysis, anaemia was significantly associated with malaria parasitaemia (aOR= 6.3 (1.5–53.5)) and stunting (aOR = 2 (1.2–3.1)); no association was found between intestinal parasites and anaemia. Malaria and anaemia remain closely associated even when malaria is declining. Scaling up antimalarial interventions may contribute to eliminate malaria and reduce the occurrence of anaemia among children.
Knee Pain as the Reason for Encounter in General Practice
Authors: Frese Thomas , Peyton Linda , Mahlmeister Jarmila , Sandholzer Hagen
Published: December 2013

Objective. Currently, an overview of the management of knee pain in general practitioner’s offices is not available. The main concern of this study was to evaluate the consultation prevalence of knee pain, accompanying symptoms, the frequency of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and results of encounters of patients suffering from knee pain. Methods. For the SESAM 2 study cross-sectional data was collected from randomly selected patients during one year and compared with publicly available data from the Dutch Transition Project. Results. Overall, 127 out of 8,877 (1.4%) patients of the SESAM 2 study and 6,754 out of 149,238 (4.5%) patients of the Dutch Transition Project consulted for knee pain. Drug prescription, follow-up consultation, giving doctor’s advice, and referral to a specialist or physiotherapist were the most frequent procedures. Osteoarthritis of the knee and other musculoskeletal diseases were the most frequent results of encounter. Overweight, age, gender, and other musculoskeletal diseases were found to be significantly associated with knee pain. Conclusion. Knee pain in general practice settings is mainly associated with chronic problems. Dangerous outcomes (as suspected fracture or thrombosis) are rare. Further research is needed in order to reduce the influence knee pain has on daily living.
Reporter gene approaches for mapping cell fate decisions by MRI: promises and pitfalls
Authors: Velde Greetje Vande , Himmelreich Uwe , Neeman Michal
Published: December 2013

The central dogma of molecular biology, namely the process by which information encoded in the DNA serves as the template for transcriptional activation of specific mRNA resulting in temporal and spatial control of the translation of specific proteins, stands at the basis of normal and pathological cellular processes. Serving as the primary mechanism linking genotype to phenotype, it is clearly of significant interest for in vivo imaging. While classically, imaging revolutionized the ability to phenotype the anatomical and physiological impact of induction of changes in gene expression, the preceding molecular events remained invisible. Reporter gene‐based imaging techniques provide a window for in vivo visualization of such transcriptional activation events. In addition to the widespread use of fluorescent and bioluminescent reporter genes and development of a number of reporter genes for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, there has been significant progress in the development of reporter genes for MRI. With the development of strategies for cellular based therapies, such imaging tools could become central components for personalized patient monitoring. © 2013 The Authors. Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in the prevalence of new psychoactive substances before and after the introduction of the generic scheduling of synthetic cannabinoids in Japan
Authors: Kikura‐Hanajiri Ruri , Kawamura Nahoko Uchiyama, Maiko , Goda Yukihiro
Published: December 2013

To counter the spread of the many analogues of psychoactive substances, the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law in Japan was amended in 2006 to establish a new category – Designated Substances – in order to more promptly control these drugs. As of March 2013, 106 substances (including one plant, Salvia divinorum) were listed in the category of Designated Substances, and 13 of them had had their category changed from Designated Substances into the much stricter category, Narcotics. However, new analogues of controlled substances, especially synthetic cannabinoids, appeared one‐by‐one since the new category was introduced. To avoid a cat‐and‐mouse game between regulators and illicit drug manufacturers, a comprehensive system (generic scheduling) for designating naphthoylindole‐type synthetic cannabinoids, with particular substituents, was introduced into the Designated Substances in 2013. Since late 2012, the naphthoylindole‐type compounds have been gradually replaced by other types of synthetic cannabinoids, such as cyclopropylmethanones, cannabimimetic carboxamide derivatives, adamanthoyl indoles, and cannabimimetic quinolinyl carboxylates. After the enforcement of the generic scheduling for designating naphthoylindoles in March 2013, these naphthoylindoles have been completely replaced by other types and have rarely been detected in the products. New types of psychoactive substances, including opioid receptor agonists (e.g. AH‐7921, MT‐45), hallucinogenic phenethylamines (e.g. NBOMe‐type compounds), and thiophene derivatives (e.g. methiopropamine, α‐PVT) have also appeared. The almost infinite possibilities of altered structures of chemicals make it difficult to carry out effective and exhaustive scheduling. To prevent the widespread distribution and abuse of these new psychoactive substances, continuous and dedicated monitoring for the emergence of these substances is necessary. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of imaged capillary isoelectric focusing technique in development of diphtheria toxin mutant CRM197
Authors: Rustandi Richard R. , Peklansky Brian , Anderson Carrie L.
Published: December 2013

Polysaccharide based‐vaccines have been successful in providing protection in adults from bacterial infections, however they are not as effective in infants or young children. To enhance the immune response in these high risk groups, the polysaccharide is conjugated with a carrier protein such as cross‐reacting material 197 (CRM197). The CRM197 protein has been well‐characterized biochemically and biophysically using various analytical techniques however, none of these have been CE‐based methods. Of the various CE techniques, imaged capillary isoelectric focusing (icIEF) is a method that has been used extensively in the field of protein‐based drug development as a tool for product identification, stability monitoring, and characterization. Applications of icIEF technique using Convergent Bioscience icIEF instrumentation with whole‐field imaging technology are presented and discussed in this paper. These applications include rapid method development to establish a CRM197 identity test for product release, a concentration assay for upstream and downstream in‐process product development, and CRM197 stability with respect to its charge heterogeneity under accelerated temperature stress. The data presented demonstrates the utility of the icIEF method as a multifunctional assay because it can screen for better product candidates during early stage clonal selection as well as support in‐process and final product characterization throughout CRM197 development.
Can gel concentration gradients improve two‐dimensional DNA displays?
Authors: Sean David , Wang Yixuan E. , Slater Gary W.
Published: December 2013

The abrupt reduction in gel electrophoretic mobility that is observed when a dsDNA fragment is partially denatured has recently been predicted to exhibit a dependence upon the gel pore size. Using theoretical modeling, we demonstrate that this dependence can be exploited and used to improve the performance of 2D display of DNA. We report experimental evidence of this dependence and propose a new separation system in which a gel porosity gradient is utilized in a way analogous to temperature or denaturant gradients in traditional 2D display. Such gel porosity gradients can also be used in conjunction with denaturant gradients to improve 2D display results. We test these new ideas by modeling the fragment mobilities and computing the final fragment positions to find optimal 2D separation conditions.
Toxicity of endosulfan on embryo-larval development of the South American toad Rhinella arenarum
Authors: Svartz Gabriela V. , Wolkowicz Ianina R. Hutler , Coll Cristina S. Pérez
Published: December 2013

Endosulfan is a widely used pesticide despite its extreme toxicity to a variety of taxa and its worldwide ban. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acute and chronic toxicity of endosulfan on the embryonic-larval development of the common South American toad Rhinella arenarum. The results showed that lethal and sublethal effects increased with concentration and exposure time. The sensitivity to endosulfan increased during the larval period, the complete operculum stage (S.25) being the most sensitive (504-h median lethal concentration [LC50] = 0.01 mg endosulfan/L; 10% lethal concentration [LC10] = 0.004 mg endosulfan/L). Endosulfan exposure caused morphological abnormalities such as general underdevelopment, edema, gill malformations, and cellular dissociation as well as neurotoxicity. Our results also showed that larvae exposed to concentrations of 0.005 mg endosulfan/L and 0.01 mg endosulfan/L completed metamorphosis earlier than controls, but with underdevelopment. The 240-h teratogenic index was 6.13, implying a high risk for embryos to be malformed in the absence of significant embryonic lethality. Because the hazard quotients for chronic exposure were over 1, the level of concern value and toxicity endpoints obtained in the present study for R. arenarum occurred at concentrations lower than the levels of endosulfan reported in the environment, this pesticide should be considered a potential risk for this species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:875–881. © 2013 SETAC
Using Hexagenia in sediment bioassays: Methods, applicability, and relative sensitivity
Authors: Harwood Amanda D. , Rothert Amanda K. , Lydy Michael J.
Published: December 2013

The majority of sediment toxicity and aquatic bioaccumulation assessments are conducted using standardized species, such as Hyalella azteca, Chironomus dilutus, and Lumbriculus variegatus. The burrowing mayfly, Hexagenia sp., may serve as an ideal supplemental organism for both toxicity and bioaccumulation studies for several reasons. Hexagenia are recognized as sensitive species, have a long aquatic life stage (up to 2 yr), and have large bodies, which aid in retrieval from sediments and for residue analysis. The present study outlines the authors' established method for collecting and hatching eggs, raising nymphs, and using these animals for toxicity testing. Furthermore, the relative sensitivity of 3 size classes of Hexagenia to a representative contaminant (bifenthrin) was examined and compared with laboratory-derived median lethal concentrations for the more traditionally used Hyalella and Chironomus. Finally, sublethal end points, including immobilization and suspended solids, were defined for this species. This provides guidance for the use of this species in toxicological bioassays. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:868–874. © 2013 SETAC
Molded polymer‐coated composite bone void filler improves tobramycin controlled release kinetics
Authors: Brooks Benjamin D. , Sinclair Kristofer D. , Davidoff Sherry N. , Lawson Scott , Williams Alex G. , Coats Brittany , Grainger David W. , Brooks Amanda E.
Published: December 2013

Infection remains a significant problem associated with biomedical implants and orthopedic surgeries, especially in revision total joint replacements. Recent advances in antibiotic‐releasing bone void fillers (BVF) provide new opportunities to address these types of device‐related orthopedic infections that often lead to substantial economic burdens and reduced quality of life. We report improvements made in fabrication and scalability of an antibiotic‐releasing polycaprolactone‐calcium carbonate/phosphate ceramic composite BVF using a new solvent‐free, molten‐cast fabrication process. This strategy provides the ability to tailor drug release kinetics from the BVF composite based on modifications of the inorganic substrate and/or the polymeric component, allowing extended tobramycin release at bactericidal concentrations. The mechanical properties of the new BVF composite are comparable to many reported BVFs and validate the relative homogeneity of fabrication. Most importantly, fabrication quality controls are correlated with favorable drug release kinetics, providing bactericidal activity to 10 weeks in vitro when the polycaprolactone component exceeds 98% w/w of the total polymer fraction. Furthermore, in a time kill study, tobramycin‐releasing composite fragments inhibited S. aureus growth over 48 h at inoculums as high as 109 CFU/mL. This customizable antibiotic‐releasing BVF polymer‐inorganic biomaterial should provide osseointegrative and osteoconductive properties while contributing antimicrobial protection to orthopedic sites requiring the use of bone void fillers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1074–1083, 2014.