bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microfluidization-Driven Changes in Some Physicochemical Characteristics, Metal/Mineral Composition, and Sensory Attributes of Sugarcane Juice
Authors: Tarafdar Ayon , Kaur Barjinder Pal
Published: December 2021

This work evaluated the effect of microfluidization at different pressure (50, 100, 150, and 200 MPa)-cycle (1, 3, 5, 7) combinations on the physicochemical (total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, and electrical conductivity), sensory, and metal/mineral composition of sugarcane juice which was previously unexplored. Juice extracted from blanched sugarcane stems (var Co 0238) was microfluidized, and the analysis for different parameters was conducted using standard protocols. The mineral/metal composition was determined using ICP-OES following a wet digestion method. Results showed that TSS decreased from 18.88 °Brix to a range of 10.15–15.7 °Brix with the former (lower value) being due to the release of insoluble matter after microfluidization which was further solubilised at higher processing cycles (as in the latter). The pH did not vary significantly as compared to control and was in the range of 5.2–5.7. However, a decrease in titratable acidity (0.1–0.26%) was found as compared to control (0.26%). The electrical conductivity of microfluidized sugarcane juice varied from 4.45 to 5.12 mS as compared to 4.95 mS for control. Metal/mineral analysis showed rich reserves of magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium in sugarcane juice which degraded after microfluidization perhaps due to filtration effect caused by the micropore in the interaction chamber of the microfluidizer. The sensory score showed acceptability of the juice after microfluidization (overall acceptability ∼7).
Application of Data Mining Technology in Field Verification of Project Cost
Authors: Jiang Yi
Published: December 2021

The traditional budget quota pricing model seems incompatible with the continuous development of the market economy. Low degree of visualization, extensive resource management, difficulty in collecting construction data, lagging control work, and separation of cost control from project management have become the main problems of current construction project cost control. This paper combines data mining technology to improve the project cost on-site verification network system, build a project cost verification system that can be used for on-site verification, and build a cost information platform. Moreover, this paper makes full use of computer information technology and uses the local area network and network as the basis to transform the vertical transmission of cost information into horizontal, so as to ensure the effective communication and exchange of cost information. According to the analysis of the case study, it can be seen that the project cost field verification method based on data mining proposed in this paper is very effective, and the system proposed in this paper can be used in actual projects.
The Beta-Cell Function and Glucose Profile of Newly Diagnosed Acromegalic Patients with Normal Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Sun Quanya , Li Xiaoqing , Chen Peili , Chen Lili , Zhao Xiaolong
Published: December 2021

Objectives. Untreated acromegaly is a nature model for unveiling the diabetogenic effects of GH. CGMS can uncover more glucose profile of acromegaly. This study aimed to evaluate the insulin resistance (IR), β-cell function, and glycemic spectrum of patients with newly diagnosed acromegaly with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Methods. This study was conducted in Huashan Hospital from January 2015 to February 2019. Eight newly diagnosed acromegalic patients without history of diabetes and eight age- and gender-matched healthy subjects were enrolled. All participants underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and 72 h continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Parameters on β-cell function and IR were calculated. Mean blood glucose (MBG) in 24 hours was adopted for the evaluation of the glycemic level, and standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG) and mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) were used for glucose fluctuation. Results. HbA1c in the acromegaly group was significantly higher than in the control. During OGTT, glucose peaked at 60 min in acromegaly and at 30 min in controls. After glucose load, the acromegaly group had significantly higher insulin levels than controls, especially in 120 min and 180 min. Both insulin sensitivity index and disposal index after glucose load of acromegaly were significantly lower than those of controls. Moreover, acromegalic subjects had significantly higher MBG than controls. Conclusions. The newly diagnosed acromegalic patients with NGT were characterized by IR and impaired β-cell function after glucose load. CGM showed that MBG of NGT acromegaly patients was higher than that of normal people.
Semisupervised Classification with High-Order Graph Learning Attention Neural Network
Authors: Yang Wu-Lue , Chen Xiao-Ze , Yang Xu-Hua
Published: December 2021

At present, the graph neural network has achieved good results in the semisupervised classification of graph structure data. However, the classification effect is greatly limited in those data without graph structure, incomplete graph structure, or noise. It has no high prediction accuracy and cannot solve the problem of the missing graph structure. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a high-order graph learning attention neural network (HGLAT) for semisupervised classification. First, a graph learning module based on the improved variational graph autoencoder is proposed, which can learn and optimize graph structures for data sets without topological graph structure and data sets with missing topological structure and perform regular constraints on the generated graph structure to make the optimized graph structure more reasonable. Then, in view of the shortcomings of graph attention neural network (GAT) that cannot make full use of the graph high-order topology structure for node classification and graph structure learning, we propose a graph classification module that extends the attention mechanism to high-order neighbors, in which attention decays according to the increase of neighbor order. HGLAT performs joint optimization on the two modules of graph learning and graph classification and performs semisupervised node classification while optimizing the graph structure, which improves the classification performance. On 5 real data sets, by comparing 8 classification methods, the experiment shows that HGLAT has achieved good classification results on both a data set with graph structure and a data set without graph structure.
An Efficient DOA Estimation Algorithm Based on Diagonal-Symmetric Loading
Authors: Xie Yangyang , Wang Biao , Chen Feng
Published: December 2021

In order to solve the problem that the subspace-like direction of arrival (DOA) estimation performs poor due to the error of sources number, this paper proposes a new super-resolution DOA estimation algorithm based on the diagonal-symmetric loading (DSL). Specifically, orthogonality principle of the minimum eigenvector of the specific covariance matrix and the source number estimation based on the improved K-means method were adopted to construct the spatial spectrum. Then, by considering the signal-to-interference-to-noise ratio (SINR), the theoretical basis for selecting parameters was given and verified by numerical experiment. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, this paper compared it with the methods of minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) and new signal subspace processing (NSSP). Experimental results prove that the proposed DSL has higher resolution and better estimation accuracy than the MVDR and NSSP.
Analysis of CO2 Emission Reduction Effect of On‐Site Production Precast Concrete Member according to Factory Production Environment
Authors: Na Youngju , Han Bumjin , Son Seunghyun
Published: December 2021

Precast concrete (PC) method of construction is preferred for excellence in the reduction of construction period, lightweight, and durability and for PC member to be mostly transported to a site after its production in the in‐plant production because the in situ production of the PC member is negatively perceived because of the limitation of space or production process being complex and difficult. However, if the PC member is produced on site and installed, it is possible to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions that are generated during shipping and loading and unloading, which are indirectly required for in‐plant production. Carbon dioxide emission reduction effect due to the difference between the in situ production and in‐plant production process of the PC member was confirmed by the existing studies, but the study of the carbon dioxide reduction effect according to various production environments of the in‐plant production has not been performed. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the CO2 emission reduction effect of the PC member produced in site according to the in‐plant production environment. As a result, it was found that when PC members were produced on site, there was an effect of reducing CO2 emissions by an average of 25.64% compared to factory production. In future, the results of this study will be used as basic data for establishing a CO2 emission reduction plan at construction sites.
Research on Subway Pedestrian Detection Algorithm Based on Big Data Cleaning Technology
Authors: Lyu Zhuoyang
Published: December 2021

The pedestrian detection model has a high requirement on the quality of the dataset. Concerning this problem, this paper uses data cleaning technology to improve the quality of the dataset, so as to improve the performance of the pedestrian detection model. The dataset used in this paper is obtained from subway stations in Beijing and Nanjing. The data images’ quality is subject to motion blur, uneven illumination, and other noisy factors. Therefore, data cleaning is very important for this paper. The data cleaning process in this paper is divided into two parts: detection and correction. First, the whole dataset goes through blur detection, and the severely blurred images are filtered as the difficult samples. Then, the image is sent to DeblurGAN for deblur processing. 2D gamma function adaptive illumination correction algorithm is used to correct the subway pedestrian image. Then, the processed data is sent to the pedestrian detection model. Under different data cleaning datasets, through the analysis of the detection results, it is proved that the data cleaning process significantly improves the detection model’s performance.
Early Microglial Changes Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy in Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes
Authors: Park Young Gun , Lee Ji-Yeon , Kim Chongtae , Park Young-Hoon
Published: December 2021

Although morphological changes in microglia have been reported to be associated with diabetic retinopathy, little is known about the early changes in the microglia and macrophages during the progression of this condition. The present study was aimed at characterizing retinal microglial activation in the early stages of experimental diabetic retinopathy. Toward this end, a model of diabetic retinopathy was generated by intraperitoneally injecting male Sprague-Dawley rats with streptozotocin. No apparent histological changes were observed during the early stages of experimental diabetic retinopathy. However, at 4 to 16 weeks after the onset of diabetes, the retinas from diabetic rats exhibited higher density of microglia than those from age-matched normal controls, with microglial density peaking at 12 weeks. In particular, the proportion of the activated microglia increased significantly in the diabetic rats, specifically in the nerve fiber and ganglion cell layers, whereas it decreased in the inner plexiform layer within 12 weeks. Furthermore, the resident retinal microglial cells were activated immediately after diabetes induction, peaked at 12 weeks, and remained for up to 16 weeks after disease onset. Thus, experimental diabetic retinopathy causes gradual hypoxia and neuroinflammation, followed by the activation of microglia and the migration of macrophages. The distribution and density of retinal microglial activation changed typically with the progression of the disease in early-stage diabetic rats.
Effect of Compressive Strain Rate on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 7050 Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Shen Qiang , Huang Luochuang , Li Yan , Yu Kang , Liu Dezheng
Published: December 2021

7050 aluminium alloy is a superior material used in the areas of aerospace and automobile manufacturing. In this work, homogeneous cast cylinder samples of 7050 aluminium alloy with size of Φ80 mm × 100 mm were compressed isothermally at 350°C with compressive strain rate of 0.1 s−1,1 s−1, and 10 s−1, respectively. The samples were then processed into standard tensile specimens, and then tensile testing was done by using the GL8305 universal testing machine. The grain sizes and fracture morphology were analyzed by the SEM observation and cellular automaton (CA) method. The effect of compressive strain rate on microstructure and mechanical properties of 7050 aluminium alloy was investigated. The results show the following. (1) Grain refinement occurred after compression. The grain sizes of the samples decrease with the decrease of compressive strain rate. The grain sizes in the radial edge and the axial center of the cylinder samples are the smallest. (2) The tensile strength and breaking elongation rate were improved when compared to the original alloy. The mechanical properties of samples compressed with compressive strain rate of 0.1 s−1 are the best. (3) The fracture morphology of the samples shows that the fracture of the samples is ductile fracture. The sizes and depths of dimples increased with the decrease of grain sizes.
Deficiency of IKKα in Macrophages Mitigates Fibrosis Progression in the Kidney after Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Zhang Feng , Fan Li , Zhang Hao , Huang Wen-juan , Sun Dong , Pan Bin-bin , Wan Xin , Cao Chang-Chun
Published: December 2021

Aims. Acute kidney injury (AKI) can lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD), and macrophages play a key role in this process. The aim of this study was to discover the role of IκB kinase α (IKKα) in macrophages in the process of AKI-to-CKD transition. Main Methods. We crossed lyz2-Cre mice with IKKα-floxed mice to generate mice with IKKα ablation in macrophages (Mac IKKα-/-). A mouse renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) model was induced by clamping the renal artery for 45 minutes. Treated mice were evaluated for blood biochemistry, tissue histopathology, and fibrosis markers. Macrophages were isolated from the peritoneal cavity for coculturing with tubular epithelial cells (TECs) and flow cytometry analysis. Key Findings. We found that fibrosis and kidney function loss after IRI were significantly alleviated in Mac IKKα-/- mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. The expression of fibrosis markers and the infiltration of M2 macrophages were decreased in the kidneys of Mac IKKα-/- mice after IRI. The in vitro experiment showed that the IRI TECs cocultured with IKKα-/- macrophages (KO MΦs) downregulated the fibrosis markers accompanied by a downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Significance. These data support the hypothesis that IKKα is involved in mediating macrophage polarization and increasing the expression of fibrosis-promoting inflammatory factors in macrophages. Therefore, knockdown of IKKα in macrophages may be a potential method that can be used to alleviate the AKI-to-CKD transition after IRI.
High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Fatty Liver Is Associated with Immunosuppressive Response during Sepsis in Mice
Authors: Wang Fangzhao , Cen Zhongran , Liu Zhanguo , Gan Jianwei , Zhang Xianglong , Cui Qianru , Gong Shenhai , Chang Ping , Chen Peng
Published: December 2021

High‐fat diet‐induced fatty liver is an indolent and chronic disease accompanied by immune dysfunction and metabolic disturbances involving numerous biological pathways. This study investigated how this abnormal metabolic disorder influences sepsis in mice. Mice were fed with normal chow (NC) or high‐fat diet (HFD), and palmitic acid (PA) was used to treat hepatocytes to mimic fat accumulation in vitro. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce sepsis and related immune responses. Mice fed on a high‐fat diet displayed higher mortality and more severe liver damage but compromised immunoreaction. The supernatant from PA‐treated primary hepatocytes markedly diminished the inflammatory cytokine expression of macrophages after LPS stimulation, which showed a state of immunosuppression. Metabolomics analysis indicated the level of many key metabolites with possible roles in immunoreaction was altered in the HFD and PA groups compared with corresponding controls; specifically, β‐hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) showed an immunosuppressive effect on Raw264.7 cells during the LPS stimulation. Transcriptomic analysis suggested that several differential signaling pathways may be associated with the alteration of immune function between the NC and HFD groups, as well as in the in vitro model. Our study suggests that the consumption of HFD may alter the hepatic metabolic profile, and that certain metabolites may remold the immune system to immunosuppressive state in the context of sepsis.
Paeoniflorin Improved Constipation in the Loperamide-Induced Rat Model via TGR5/TRPA1 Signaling-Mediated 5-Hydroxytryptamine Secretion
Authors: Zhan Yu , Wen Yong , Zhang Liang-liang , Shen Xu-long , Chen Xiao-hui , Wu Xiao-hai , Tang Xue-gui
Published: December 2021

Slow transit constipation (STC) is a common type of constipation with a high incidence rate and a large number of patients. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and potential mechanism of paeoniflorin (PAE) on loperamide-induced Sprague Dawley (SD) rat constipation models. Rats with loperamide-induced constipation were orally administered different concentrations of PAE (10, 20, or 40 mg/kg). In vitro, enterochromaffin (EC)-like RIN-14B cells were treated with 20, 40, or 80 μg/ml PAE. We found that PAE treatment significantly improved the symptoms of constipation and increased the intestinal transit rate. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining showed that PAE alleviated colonic tissue pathological damage. Besides, our results implied that PAE concentration-dependently promoted the content of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) catalyzed by tryptophan hydroxylase (Tph)-1 in the serum of loperamide-induced rats and in RIN-14B cells. Western blot and immunofluorescence (IF) stain indicated that PAE also promoted the expression of G protein-coupled BA receptor 1 (TGR5), transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), phospholipase C (PLC)-γ1, and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) in vivo and in vitro. RIN-14B cells were cotreated with a TGR5 inhibitor (SBI-115) to explore the mechanism of PAE in regulating the 5-HT secretion. We observed inhibition of TGR5 reversed the increase of 5-HT secretion induced by PAE in RIN-14B cells. We provided evidence that PAE could promote 5-HT release from EC cells and improve constipation by activating the TRPA1 channel and PLC-γ1/PIP2 signaling. Thus, PAE may provide therapeutic effects for patients with STC.
Association between Monocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Huang Hangkai , Wang Qinqiu , Shi Xiaoying , Chen Yishu , Shen Chao , Zhang Juanwen , Xu Chengfu
Published: December 2021

Background. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Chinese population. Methods. We enrolled 14189 individuals who attended their annual health examinations in the study. We performed the anthropometric and laboratory measurements and diagnosed NAFLD by hepatic ultrasonography without evidence of other etiologies of chronic liver disease. Student’s

t

-test, Mann–Whitney

U

test, and chi-squared (χ2) test was used to compare the differences of clinical characteristics between participants with or without NAFLD. Pearson’s and Spearman’s analyses were performed to assess the correlation of MHR and NAFLD risk factors. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore whether MHR associated with NAFLD. Results. Thirty-five percent of the participants enrolled were diagnosed with NAFLD. Compared with healthy controls, NAFLD patients were male predominant, older, and had higher body mass index, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as higher levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transferase, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1c, and serum uric acid, but lower levels of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Besides, MHR was significantly higher in NAFLD patients than healthy controls [5.35 (4.18–6.84) versus 4.53 (3.48–5.93),

P
<
0.001

]. MHR quartiles were positively related to the prevalence of NAFLD (

P
<
0.001

for trend). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, MHR was positively associated with the risk of NAFLD after adjusting age, gender, body mass index, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, alanine aminotransferase, triglyceride, total cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, and serum uric acid (OR: 1.026, 95% CI: 1.002–1.052;

P
=
0.037

). Conclusions. MHR is significantly and positively associated with the risk of NAFLD.
Multiscale Efficient Channel Attention for Fusion Lane Line Segmentation
Authors: Liu Kang , Gao Xin
Published: December 2021

The use of multimodal sensors for lane line segmentation has become a growing trend. To achieve robust multimodal fusion, we introduced a new multimodal fusion method and proved its effectiveness in an improved fusion network. Specifically, a multiscale fusion module is proposed to extract effective features from data of different modalities, and a channel attention module is used to adaptively calculate the contribution of the fused feature channels. We verified the effect of multimodal fusion on the KITTI benchmark dataset and A2D2 dataset and proved the effectiveness of the proposed method on the enhanced KITTI dataset. Our method achieves robust lane line segmentation, which is 4.53% higher than the direct fusion on the precision index, and obtains the highest F2 score of 79.72%. We believe that our method introduces an optimization idea of modal data structure level for multimodal fusion.
Comparison of Chest-to-Back Skin-to-Skin Contact and Chest-to-Chest Skin-to-Skin Contact on the Risk of Oxygen Desaturation and Change in Heart Rate in Low Birth Weight and/or Premature Babies: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Gere Sisay , Berhane Yemane , Worku Alemayehu
Published: December 2021

Chest-to-chest (CC) skin-to-skin contact (SSC) is a widely used method of SSC to prevent low birth weight (LBW) and/or premature babies with the risk of hypothermia. However, very recently, a study has also shown that the chest-to-back (CB) SSC is also useful for such a purpose. It is also evident that CC SSC enhances the cardiorespiratory performance of LBW and/or premature babies from the risk of cold stress. However, whether babies kept in CB SSC have the risk of clinically relevant decreases of oxygen saturation or critical changes of the baby heart rate comparing the two SSC methods has been studied hardly. Thus, we assessed the risk of oxygen desaturation and changes in babies’ heart rate among LBW and/or premature babies kept in CB SSC compared to the standard. In this study, we enrolled 46 LBW and/or premature babies born between 32 and 37 completed weeks of gestation. We used a parallel-group randomized controlled clinical trial. Peripheral arterial blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) were measured using an OxiMaxN-600X Pulse Oximeter. We transformed these measurements into stability of the cardiorespiratory system in premature infant (SCRIP) scores. We applied a generalized estimating equation model to analyze the data. No statistically significant difference was observed between babies kept in CB SSC compared to babies kept in CC SSC in either blood oxygen saturation or heart rate (P>0.05). Thus, the CB SSC can be used as one possible way to care for LBW and preterm babies in the kangaroo mother care. We suggest more studies before scaling up the approach in routine care.
Changes of Land Use and Land Cover with the Diversity of Fishes, Aquatic Plants, and Bird’s Species at Wetland Ecosystem
Authors: Alam Mohammad Zahangeer , Baki Bhuiyan Md. Abdullahil , Abdullah Hasan Muhammad , Ghosh Suma Rani , Hassan Mohammad Maksudul , Akter Ruzina , Rokonuzzaman M. , Alam Mohammad Shah
Published: December 2021

Bangladesh is rich in wetland biodiversity with aquatic plants, fishes, and birds. Mohanganj Upazila is known as the capital of lower Bangladesh. The present study focuses on the changes of land use and land cover (LULC) with a diversity of species that are being least concerned (LC), vulnerable (VU), and endangered (EN). Over the last two decades, the wetland species of Mohanganj were gradually declined. Our results showed that 19 fish, 4 aquatic plants, and 7 bird species were LC in 2015. Among the fish and aquatic plant species, 6 fish species (Wallago attu, Ompok pabda, Channa punctate, Chitala chitala, Salmostoma phulo, and Corica soborna) and 2 aquatic plant species (Nymphaea nouchali and Nymphaea lotus) were VU during the dry and rainy season of 2017 and 2019, respectively. In the dry season of 2019, 4 fish species (W. attu, O. pabda, C. punctate, and Ch. chitala), 2 aquatic plant species (N. nouchali and N. lotus), and 7 bird species (Anas platyrhynchos, Ardeola grayii, Gyps bengalensis, Alcedo atthis, Phalacrocorax fuscicollis, Porphyrio porphyria, and Larus ridibundus) were EN. Among the species, W. attu, N. nouchaii, G. bengalensis, P. porphyria, and L. ridibundus were extremely endangered categories. Changes in LULC, the establishment of settlements for the increasing population, indiscriminate use of pesticides, environmental pollutions, and climate change are the potential reasons for declining trends of wetland biodiversity. Stern actions on land use policy, expansion of organic agriculture, bioremediation of industrial effluents, and adoption of sustainable environmental policies should be taken by the Government of Bangladesh for immediate conservation of wetland biodiversity.
SPDNet: A Real‐Time Passenger Detection Method Based on Attention Mechanism in Subway Station Scenes
Authors: Yang Jun , Zheng Ying , Yan KunPing , Liu HongJiang , Jin Kun , Fan WenLin , Han Xiao , Zhang YaWen
Published: December 2021

In order to implement real‐time detection of passengers in subway stations, this paper proposes the SPDNet based on YOLOv4. Aiming at the low detection accuracy of passengers in the subway station due to uneven light conditions, we introduce the attention mechanism CBAM to recalibrate the extracted features and improve the robustness of the network. For the crowded areas in the subway station, we use the K‐means++ algorithm to generate anchors that are more consistent with the passenger aspect ratio based on the dataset KITTI, which mitigates the missing caused by the incorrect suppression of true positive boxes by the Nonmaximum Suppression algorithm. We train and test our SPDNet on the KITTI dataset and prove the superiority of our method. Then, we carry out transfer learning based on the subway surveillance video dataset collected by ourselves to make it conform to the distorted passenger targets under the angle of the surveillance camera. Finally, we apply our network in a Beijing subway station and achieve satisfactory results.
Computer Multimedia Art Pattern Creation Based on P-Filling Algorithm
Authors: Lian Wenli
Published: December 2021

Art education is an important part of quality education in China. It undertakes the important responsibility of cultivating students' aesthetic ability, art appreciation ability, art perception ability, and expression ability. In junior middle school art teaching, the skill of pattern creation is an ability that needs to be focused on cultivating students. The computer multimedia art patterns are currently created mainly relying on manual drawing. A computer multimedia art pattern production model is proposed based on the P-filling algorithm in this paper. After using the P-filling algorithm to quickly generate a large number of fake images and retrieve the code of the most recent damaged image, the code estimates the missing content by generating a model. On this basis, the semantic P-filling algorithm and the perceptual P-filling algorithm are combined, and the unsaturated region is enlarged by improving the activation function sigmoid function, which solves the problem that the gradient is easy to disappear. Experimental results show that, through this production model, users can produce a large number of computer multimedia art patterns with hand-drawn style features through very little interaction and parameter control.
ESSM: Formal Analysis Framework for Protocol to Support Algebraic Operations and More Attack Capabilities
Authors: Miao Xuyang , Gu Chunxiang , Lu Siqi , Shi Yanan
Published: December 2021

The strand space model has been proposed as a formal method for verifying the security goals of cryptographic protocols. However, only encryption and decryption operations and hash functions are currently supported for the semantics of cryptographic primitives. Therefore, we establish the extended strand space model (ESSM) framework to describe algebraic operations and advanced threat models. Based on the ESSM, we add algebraic semantics, including the Abelian group and the XOR operation, and a threat model based on algebraic attacks, key-compromise impersonation attacks, and guess attacks. We implement our model using the automatic analysis tool, Scyther. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework by analysing several protocols, in particular a three-factor agreement protocol, with which we can identify new attacks while providing trace proofs.
Two Nonmonotonic Self-Adaptive Strongly Convergent Projection-Type Methods for Solving Pseudomonotone Variational Inequalities
Authors: Khunpanuk Chainarong , Panyanak Bancha , Pakkaranang Nuttapol
Published: December 2021

The primary objective of this study is to introduce two novel extragradient-type iterative schemes for solving variational inequality problems in a real Hilbert space. The proposed iterative schemes extend the well-known subgradient extragradient method and are used to solve variational inequalities involving the pseudomonotone operator in real Hilbert spaces. The proposed iterative methods have the primary advantage of using a simple mathematical formula for step size rule based on operator information rather than the Lipschitz constant or another line search method. Strong convergence results for the suggested iterative algorithms are well-established for mild conditions, such as Lipschitz continuity and mapping monotonicity. Finally, we present many numerical experiments that show the effectiveness and superiority of iterative methods.
Research on Cancer Molecular Typing Based on High-Throughput Sequencing Technology
Authors: Wei Dan
Published: December 2021

This paper studies the role of high-throughput measurement technology in cancer molecular typing. Based on the Dendrix algorithm, the model proposed in this paper selects the gene replication time as an inherent attribute that affects the frequency of gene mutations and adds it to the model. After setting the size of the gene set, compared with the Dendrix algorithm, the model does not need to delete the gene set that has been found in the process of searching the pathway, and it can find more driving pathway gene sets. Based on the high coverage and high exclusivity of the driving gene set in the pathway and the influence of gene covariates, this paper constructs an adaptive multiobjective optimization model. In order to overcome the problem of gene mutation heterogeneity, this model introduces gene covariates as the weight of gene mutation frequency so that the model is adaptive to each gene. The analysis of the research results shows the reliability of high-throughput sequencing technology.
DNMT3A-Mutant Leukemia Cells Primed to “Fork It Over” under DNA Damage
Authors: Viny Aaron D.
Published: December 2021

Mutations in the gene DNMT3A have been identified in various hematopoietic conditions, including clonal hematopoiesis, myelodysplastic syndrome, and acute myeloid leukemia. The clinical significance of this early mutation and the resultant enhanced clonal fitness have been a focus for therapeutic intervention.

See related article by Venugopal et al., p. 756
cAMP-Mediated Autophagy Promotes Cell Survival via ROS-Induced Activation of PARP1: Implications for Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Richartz Nina , Pietka Wojciech , Gilljam Karin M. , Skah Seham , Skålhegg Bjørn S. , Bhagwat Sampada , Naderi Elin Hallan , Ruud Ellen , Blomhoff Heidi Kiil
Published: December 2021

DNA-damaging therapy is the basis for treatment of most cancers, including B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL, hereafter ALL). We have previously shown that cAMP-activating factors present in the bone marrow render ALL cells less sensitive to DNA damage–induced apoptosis, by enhancing autophagy and suppressing p53. To sensitize ALL cells to DNA-damaging therapy, we have searched for novel targets that may counteract the effects induced by cAMP signaling. In the current study, we have identified PARP1 as a potential target. We show that the PARP1 inhibitors olaparib or PJ34 inhibit cAMP-mediated autophagy and thereby potentiate the DNA-damaging treatment. Furthermore, we reveal that cAMP-mediated PARP1 activation is preceded by induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and results in depletion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), both of which are autophagy-promoting events. Accordingly, we demonstrate that scavenging ROS by N-acetylcysteine and repleting NAD independently reduce DNA damage-induced autophagy. In addition, olaparib augmented the effect of DNA-damaging treatment in a human xenograft model of ALL in NOD-scidIL2Rgammanull mice. On the basis of the current findings, we suggest that PARP1 inhibitors may enhance the efficiency of conventional genotoxic therapies and thereby provide a novel treatment strategy for pediatric patients with ALL.

Implications:

PARP1 inhibitors augment the DNA damage–induced killing of ALL cells by limiting the opposing effects of cAMP-mediated autophagy, which involves ROS-induced PARP1 activation and depletion of cellular NAD levels.
Evaluating Residual Cognition in Advanced Cognitive Impairment: The Residual Cognition Assessment
Authors: Soli Alex , Savoldelli Giacomina , Rota Angelica , Zonca Sara , Belotti Gloria , Lazzarini Fabrizio
Published: December 2021

Background: In nursing homes, most of the patients with dementia are affected by severe cognitive disorder. Care interventions follow an accurate and recurring multidimensional assessment, including cognitive status. There is still a need to develop new performance-based scales for moderate-to-advanced dementia. Objectives: The development of the Residual Cognition Assessment (RCA) responds to the need to create new scales for global cognitive screening in advanced dementia, with some peculiar features: performance based, brief (<5 m), available without specific training, and suitable for nonverbal patients with minimal distress. Methods: Two raters have administered the RCA and the Severe Impairment Battery-short version (SIB-S) to 84 participants with MMSE = 0. After 2–3 weeks, the same sample has been retested. The RCA has been also administered to 40 participants with MMSE 1–10 for a comparison. Results: The RCA has exhibited excellent values for test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation [ICC] = 0.956) as well as for inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.997). The concurrent validity analyzes have shown strong correlations between the RCA and the SIB-S with ρ = 0.807 (p < 0.01), and the RCA and the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) with ρ = −0.663 (p < 0.01). Moderate correlation has been found between the RCA and the Functional Assessment Staging Scale with ρ = −0.435 (p < 0.01). The instrument has showed high internal reliability, too (total: α = 0.899). The RCA has low floor effect (2%) with respect to the SIB-S (58%) but shows ceiling effect in the MMSE 1–10 sample (50%). The ROC curve analyses demonstrate that the RCA is acceptably able to discriminate between subjects with CDR 4/5 with an AUC of 0.92. Exploratory factor analysis shows 3 factors, defined as three major degrees of cognitive performance in advanced dementia, indeed hierarchically structured in three possible levels of decline. Conclusions: The RCA has showed excellent validity and reliability as well as good sensitivity to identify advanced cognitive impairment in dementia, without floor effect. The RCA seems complementary to the MMSE, so advisable when the latter reaches 0. Administration and scoring are simple, and only few minutes are required to assess the patient. The RCA can discriminate at least 3 different major stages in advanced dementias: severe, profound, and late.
Cortical Atrophy, White Matter Lesions, and Bulb Configuration in Patients with Idiopathic Olfactory Loss and Other Causes of Olfactory Loss
Authors: Fjaeldstad Alexander Wieck , Ovesen Therese , Dalby Rikke Beese
Published: December 2021

Introduction: While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not included in the current guidelines for diagnosing olfactory disorders in the most recent position paper on olfactory dysfunction, both 1.5T and 3T MRI are commonly used in the diagnostic workup of many patients with olfactory loss. Often, MRI is used to rule out intracranial tumours, but other useful information may be obtained from MRI scans in these patients. The potential of MRI in olfactory loss depends on sufficient knowledge of structural changes in different aetiologies of olfactory loss. We present common clinical MRI findings in olfactory loss and evaluate the usefulness of structural integrity scores in differentiating between aetiologies. Methods: In this study, we investigated if white matter hyperintensities (WMHs, measured by Fazekas score), global cortical atrophy (GCA), and medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) are more common in patients with idiopathic olfactory loss than in patients with acquired olfactory loss due to other aetiologies. Furthermore, we compared olfactory bulb (OB) configurations in different olfactory loss aetiologies. Results: In 88 patients with olfactory loss, WMHs, GCA, and MTA were not more significant findings on MRI in idiopathic olfactory loss (n = 51) compared with other causes of acquired olfactory loss (Fazekas score p = 0.2977; GCA score p = 0.6748; MTA score p = 0.7851). Bulb configurations differed in patients suffering from post-traumatic olfactory loss and may aid in identifying the underlying aetiology in patients where trauma is among the suspected causes of olfactory loss. Conclusion: We recommend that structural MRI with an OB sequence is included in the diagnostic evaluation of olfactory loss with suspected congenital and post-traumatic aetiology and should be considered in idiopathic olfactory loss with suspected central aetiology (e.g., tumour).
Drug-Eluting versus Bare-Metal Stents in Saphenous Vein Grafts Compared to Native Coronary Vessels: The Norwegian Coronary Stent Trial Study
Authors: Mølstad Per Morten , Nordrehaug Jan Erik , Steigen Terje K. , Wilsgaard Tom , Wiseth Rune , Rotevatn Svein , Mannsverk Jan , Larsen Tommy , Larsby Kristina Elisabet , Skarstad Sigrun Ådnegard , Fosse Eivind Øygard , Dahl-Eriksen Øystein , Bønaa Kaare Harald
Published: December 2021

Background: Drug-eluting stents (DES) reduce target lesion revascularization (TLR) with no effect on mortality or myocardial infarction (MI) compared to bare-metal stents (BMS) in native vessels. Randomized stent studies in saphenous vein grafts (SVG) are few and the reported effects are ambiguous. The Norwegian Coronary Stent Trial study is the first to randomize lesions to percutaneous coronary intervention in native vessels and SVG. Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the rate of mortality, MI, and TLR across stent and vessel types. Methods: In this substudy, 6,087 patients with a single lesion in native vessels and 164 in SVG were followed for 5 years. Results: MI was more frequent in SVG (subdistributional hazard ratio [SHR] 4.95 (3.75–6.54, p < 0.001), but not affected by stent type. In the first 500 days, DES reduced TLR in native vessels (SHR 0.21 (0.15–0.30) p < 0.001) and SVG (SHR 0.18 (0.04–0.80) p = 0.02). Thereafter, DES and BMS were equivalent in native vessels, but DES had a higher TLR rate than BMS in SVG (SHR 3.31 (1.23–8.94) p = 0.02). After 5 years, the TLR rate was still significantly lower for DES in native vessels (3.2% vs. 7.8%, p < 0.001) but not in SVG (21.4% vs. 18. 4%). Conclusion: In SVG, no difference in TLR between DES and BMS was observed after 5 years in contrast to persistent benefit in native vessels. The high rate of TLR and MI in SVG makes treatment of native vessels a preference whenever feasible and better treatment options for SVG are warranted.
Right Heart Dysfunction in Adults With Coarctation of Aorta: Prevalence and Prognostic Implications
Authors: Egbe Alexander C. , Miranda William R. , Jain C. Charles , Connolly Heidi M.
Published: December 2021

Background:

Chronic elevation of left heart filling pressure causes pulmonary vascular remodeling, pulmonary hypertension, and right heart dysfunction. Although diastolic dysfunction is relatively common in patients with coarctation of aorta, there are limited data about the prevalence and prognostic implications of pulmonary hypertension and right heart dysfunction in this population. The purpose of the study was to assess right heart function and hemodynamics in patients with coarctation of aorta and to determine the relationship between right heart indices and cardiovascular events defined as heart failure hospitalization, heart transplant, or cardiovascular death.

Methods:

Right heart structure, function, and hemodynamics were assessed with these indices: right atrial volume, right atrial pressure, right atrial reservoir strain, right ventricular global longitudinal strain, right ventricular end-diastolic area, right ventricular systolic pressure, and tricuspid regurgitation severity. Right heart hemodynamic score, range 0 to 5, was generated based on the correlation between the right heart indices and cardiovascular events, using half of the cohort (derivation cohort, n=411), and then tested on the validation cohort (n=410). The goodness of fit and discrimination power was compared using C statistics and risk score.

Results:

The median follow-up in the derivation cohort was 8.2 (4.0–11.1) years, and 59 (14%) patients had cardiovascular events during this period. Right heart hemodynamic score was independently associated with cardiovascular events (hazard ratio, 1.64 [95% CI, 1.38–2.17]) for every unit increase in right heart hemodynamic score after adjustment for clinical and echocardiographic indices (C statistic, 0.718 [95% CI, 0.682–0.746]). The right heart hemodynamic score was also independently associated with cardiovascular events in the validation cohort (C statistic, 0.711 [95% CI, 0.679–0.741]). The C statistic difference (0.007 [95% CI, 0.014–0.022]) and risk score (0.86 [95% CI, 0.54–1.17]) suggest a good model fit.

Conclusions:

The current study underscores the prognostic importance of right heart dysfunction in patients with coarctation of aorta and suggests that right heart indices should be used for risks stratification in this population.
Abstract 105: 24/7 In-House Consultant Staffing for Cardiac Surgical ICU Patients: A Cost-Effective Model
Authors: Kumar Kanwal , Hiebert Brett , Grocott Hilary P , Bell Dean D , Zarychanski Ryan , Menkis Alan H , Arora Rakesh C
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Intensive care staffing models vary amongst institutions. There is increasing evidence that in-house consultant care is beneficial in the intensive care unit. We have previously published beneficial results associated with 24-hour / 7-days a week in-house consultants working in a dedicated post-cardiac surgical unit. The cost-effectiveness of employing 24-hour / 7-days a week in-house consultants (both in the postoperative cardiac surgery and the general systems intensive care unit settings) remains largely unknown. The objective of this study was to analyze the cost implications of such a model.

Methods:
Using a prospectively collected database, an observational before and after cohort analysis of consecutive patients undergoing a cardiac surgical procedure at a single tertiary center was performed. The control cohort (n=1425) consisted of patients admitted to a traditional mixed surgical intensive care unit (SICU) from Jan.2005 - Jan.2007. The intervention cohort (n=1824) consisted of patients admitted to a newly created cardiac surgery ICU (CICU) from Jan.2007 - Sept.2008, which was staffed by 24/7 in-house consultants. Cost estimates were calculated for each patient from time of ICU admission to hospital discharge. For comparison purposes, propensity analysis was performed matching both cohorts on over twenty clinical, physiological, and surgical variables.

Results:
1,182 patients (83%) per cohort were matched. Pre-operative demographics and surgical variables were similar between both cohorts. The CICU model was associated with a significant decrease in mean hospital bed, laboratory, and blood transfusion costs (Table 1). A higher mean ICU consultant salary cost offset this. Total estimated median cost was ∼14% lower in the CICU model relative to the SICU model (Table 1).

Conclusions:
We present a large before-after observational study examining the cost-effectiveness of 24/7 ICU consultant staffing. Our data suggests that the greater savings associated with improvement in post-operative care offsets the salary costs associated with 24/7 in-house consultants.
Abstract 106: Determinants of Fluoroscopy time in Veterans Undergoing Cardiac Catheterization Procedures: Insights from the National VA Clinical Assessment, Reporting and Tracking (CART) Program
Authors: Tsai Thomas T , Pointer Lauren , Ho Michael P , Fazel Reza , Nallamothu Brahmajee K , Alman Amy , Maddox Thomas M , Rumsfeld John S
Published: December 2021

Background:
Radiation exposure to Veterans from invasive cardiac procedures is high and accounts for a substantial proportion of their overall exposure from medical imaging. The patient, provider and hospital factors associated with increased fluoroscopy time are unclear.

Methods:
From the National VA CART program database of catheterization laboratories, we evaluated the distribution of fluoroscopy time in patients undergoing coronary angiography (CA), bypass graft angiography (BGA) and/or PCI. Using multivariable logistic regression, we evaluated the patient, provider and hospital factors associated with the highest quartile of fluoroscopy time.

Results:
We examined 87,658 CA, BGA and PCI procedures performed by 362 operators at 58 VA facilities from 2007 through 2010. There is wide variation in fluoroscopy time by operator regardless of procedure performed (Table 1). Multiple patient, provider and hospital factors were associated with fluoroscopy times in the highest quartile. Patient factors included age and a history of peripheral arterial disease; provider factors included operator volume and experience; and hospital factors included whether or not they were associated with a teaching program.

Conclusion:
In a large VA national registry of all cardiac catheterization procedures, fluoroscopy time is highly variable and dependent on multiple factors, many of which may be modifiable. Quality improvement programs targeted at modifiable behaviors may lead to decreased fluoroscopy times and thus radiation exposure for our veterans.