bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A CONQUISTA DA AUTONOMIA DE JR POR MEIO DE SUAS APROPRIAÇÕES LINGUÍSTICAS
Authors: Silva Nayra Marinho
Published: November 2021

Este estudo discute acerca da linguagem de um sujeito com síndrome de Down (SD) com base nos pressupostos da teoria histórico-cultural enunciada por Vigotsky e da Neurolinguística Discursiva (ND). É uma pesquisa apresentada na forma de estudo de caso e tem o objetivo de analisar algumas questões do funcionamento da linguagem de JR, como o estilo telegráfico, sobretudo a questão das palavras de relação; a aquisição dos pronomes possessivos “meu/minha”; a emergência do pronome “eu” e o processo de construção da autonomia desse jovem que se deu por meio da linguagem e manifestou-se em outras áreas da vida de JR. Ele foi atendido no serviço de extensão oferecido por uma universidade pública localizada no sudoeste da Bahia. O procedimento de coleta de dados foi feito em sessões semanais, sendo esses dados as produções orais desse jovem, que foram analisadas à luz da construção teórica enunciada. No início da coleta dos dados, o sujeito JR apresentava fala visivelmente comprometida tanto em termos articulatórios quanto nas questões de organização sintática. Ao longo do acompanhamento foi enfatizado o papel mediador, do outro, tendo sido oferecido um atendimento direcionado, construído sobre a valorização das potencialidades do sujeito sem enfatizar qualquer tipo de déficit que JR viesse a apresentar em função da sua condição. Ao longo das sessões de atendimentos, JR apresentou avanços significativos que repercutiram não só em sua fala, mas, também, na construção de sua autonomia e na formação de sua personalidade. Os dados gerados neste estudo de caso demonstraram que JR avançou, pois lhe foram ofertadas oportunidades de vivenciar práticas sociais mediadas pelo outro, bem como foram oferecidas propostas que possibilitaram a ele operar sobre a linguagem e, assim, circular efetivamente pelo uso social da fala, escrita e leitura. Os dados indicam ainda que JR ou qualquer outro jovem que venha a receber acompanhamento, considerando a ND e a teoria histórico-cultural, poderá apropriar-se de forma efetiva dos domínios discursivos.
 
SILVA, Nayra Marinho. A conquista da autonomia de JR por meio de suas apropriações linguísticas. Orientadora: Carla Salati Almeida Ghirello-Pires.  2016. 78f. Dissertação (mestrado em Linguística) – Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Vitória da Conquista, 2016. DOI:https://doi.org/10.54221/rdtdppglinuesb.2016.v4i1.92 Acesso em: xxxxxxxx
Family and religion’s influence on Arab immigrant mothers’ initiation and exclusive breastfeeding
Authors: Dorri Roqaia Ahmad , Truong Donnelly Tam , McKiel Elaine , Bouchal Shelley Raffin
Published: November 2021

Breastfeeding is known to provide health benefits for newborns and breastfeeding mothers. The World Health Organization and Health Canada recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of an infant’s life. However, the rates of exclusive breastfeeding practices among Arab immigrant mothers are lower when compared with rates for non-immigrant Canadian mothers and mothers in the immigrants’ countries of origin. Critical ethnography was used to explore the breastfeeding practices among immigrant Arab mothers in Alberta, Canada, and factors influencing their decision or ability to breastfeed exclusively. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 10 participants, followed by thematic analysis of the qualitative narrative data. The results indicated that family and religion are the sociocultural factors that primarily influenced the mothers’ initiation and exclusive breastfeeding practices. The findings from this study can facilitate culturally safe and sensitive interventions to address Arab mothers’ breastfeeding needs and promote exclusive breastfeeding within this population in Canada.
Pengaruh Lokasi, Kelengkapan Produk, dan Pelayanan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen pada Imam Market Kisaran
Authors: Rahayu Elly
Published: November 2021

This study is purpose to examine the influence of location, completeness of products and services to consumer purchasing decisions at Swalayan Imam Market. The population of this study are consumers who have been shopping at Imam Market Kisaran. The sample of this study is the consumers who shop at Imam Market within the last 3 months The technique sampling used is accidental sampling method . Best of the t test (partial test) that have been done, Service dan Location which have influence to consumer buying decition on Imam Market Kisaran and product completeness has no effect to consumer buying decision on Imam Market Kisaran

Keywords: Location, Product Completeness, Purchasing Decision Service, Consumer
GENERALIZATION AND REFINEMENTS OF JENSEN INEQUALITY
Authors: Rubab Faiza , Nabi Hira , R. Khan Asif
Published: November 2021

We give generalizations and refinements of Jensen and Jensen− Mercer inequalities by using weights which satisfy the conditions of Jensen and Jensen− Steffensen inequalities. We also give some refinements for discrete and integral version of generalized Jensen−Mercer inequality and shown to be an improvement of the upper bound for the Jensen’s difference given in [32]. Applications of our work include new bounds for some important inequalities used in information theory, and generalizing the relations among means.
“Wonder boys” book vs movie comparison: do wonder boys wander through joys?
Authors:   University of Bucharest, Romania, Leon Teodora
Published: November 2021

Comparisons between books and movies tend to instigate intense conversations. Adapting a film is no simple task, but contrasting the two products can also be an erratic process, regardless of how much one tries to gather all of their ideas together. A mere observation can bring about diverse opinions or daring suggestions on how readers / viewers would have portrayed a certain scene or a small but crucial detail. In the end, it comes down to the charm of taking on the active role of a “critic” and analyzing the choices that were made alongside possible alternatives. The respective article will talk about how the novel “Wonder Boys”, written by Michael Chabon, came to be interpreted in a different medium, as a comedy-drama film from 2000, directed by Curtis Hanson. “Wonder Boys” may be perceived as a world of freedom from various outlooks. In 1995, Chabon – already ahead of his time – produced a small universe in his novel, where his characters could express themselves candidly. In 2000, Hanson went from being a reader to an avid interpreter and creator of his own “Wonder Boys”. Up until today, fortunate people, who come across the book and the film, can spot the director’s ingenious approach, accompanied by his constant loyalty to the writer’s concepts. We are dealing with a piece of work which should be discussed more frequently in classrooms or university lectures, due to its representative teacher-student bonding, the twisted realistic world – in which troubled individuals can still become inspirations for others – and its quality to be replicated in such inventive ways.
“Withered Metaphor” Withering
Authors:   „Babeş-Bolyai” University, Romania, Platon Elena
Published: November 2021

The present paper calls into question the withered metaphor, as one of the most suggestive and long-lived metaphors of the metaphor, intensely and enthusiastically used among aestheticians and stylisticians. Interpreting its meaning in the light of the consecrated theories, as well as based on the imaginary schema of plants which gives its substance, it is believed that its successful invention and function were made possible only within a narrow framework of understanding the metaphorical phenomenon, strictly from an aesthetic point of view. Conversely, a significantly wider framework in approaching the metaphor, which would take into consideration theories of cognitivist origin, could show how this concept, going itself through a withering process, can do injustice to a large category of metaphors, and, for this reason, it should be reconsidered. If metaphorization as a phenomenon is no longer viewed as being specific to the poetic thinking, but it is seen rather as a fundamental cognitive process, able to generally explain both the functioning mechanisms of the human thought and the principles of linguistic creativity, then metaphors such as the foot of the mountain, the mouth of the valley, etc., could get the chance to a new life, without carrying the stigma of degradation. If such metaphors were no longer judged as aged forms, lacking their assumed original beauty and brightness, but as fundamental conceptual metaphors, their revaluation could gain a well-deserved place among metaphors: that of the most eloquent and transparent proof of how the human brain makes different metaphorical transfers from the source-domain to the target-domain, so as to create new words or idioms, and, consequently, new concepts.
Stylistic Strategy of the Diplomatic Discourse
Authors:   Free International University of Moldova, Donțu-Sarîterzi Sorina
Published: November 2021

The study of diplomatic discourse is part of the research of specialized languages. This enterprise offers us the opportunity to formulate unique ideas and observations regarding the stylistic structure of the updated language, of the linguistic and cultural relations between different peoples. At the same time, the analysis of terminologies of different fields of activity (in our case - diplomatic), the determination of areas of interference and the relationship with the common language (usage) are the main objectives of current language studies, especially in the direction of language evaluation in terms of its function. Diplomacy, diplomatic language, is a polyvalent science (social, political, economic, cultural, etc.), which has as object of study one of the major components of society, namely the reality of the diplomat. At the same time, diplomacy is a technique operating with a set of rules that organizes human coexistence between states and worlds and establishes its main coordinates, guiding diplomatic-human behavior and defending the interests of society. Diplomacy as a science and as an art is a reality summarized in a Latin saying: iusars est ars acquiet boni ("art is what is fair and useful").
Language training and the Construction of Disciplinary Sciences within Francophone Branche
Authors:   Academy of Economic Studies, Republic of Moldova, Moldovanu Gheorghe
Published: November 2021

As we know, there are currently two opposing trends in the choice of educational standards: on the one hand, the search for individualization and, on the other hand, the standardization of the educational service in the sense of standardization of the most common model. The purpose of this paper is to present some linguistic and pedagogical reflections on the cross-cutting approaches that can be adopted, on the one hand, for the development and consolidation of students' language skills in using the French language and, on the other hand, for the teaching of non-linguistic disciplines in French within international programs in the context of globalization. These reflections emerge from our knowledge of the field, both theoretical and practical, in the implementation of teaching focused on general French, French for specific purposes and, lately, French for academic purposes within the Filière Francophone of the Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova. The work sheds light on the new role of the language teacher who has to overcome in his approach a certain number of linguistic and sociolinguistic difficulties faced by learners, and help them succeed in the transition to the standard of teaching à la française, thus ensuring that they take ownership of this new standard. This implies regular links between the teachers of French language and the teachers of specialized subjects in order to set up a common system to help students understand the university courses by creating pairs of language teachers and specialized teachers.
Limits and Hypostases of Playfulness during Online RLS Classes
Authors:   ", Braniste Ludmila ,   Alexandru Ioan Cuza",   Univeristy, Romania
Published: November 2021

Playfulness is seen as a harmony of two vectors: entertainment and seriousness; thus, it represents a didactic resource which deserves to be taken into consideration when teaching Romanian as a foreign language (RFL). Game component, pleasure and interactivity presupposed in didactic games, represent the premises of optimisation of educational process as long as they are attentively and efficiently exploited by the teacher, being an extremely useful didactic strategy in the framework of the lessons of Romanian as a foreign language. No matter if we see the key word of the present paper – “game” – from the literary, grammatical, semantic or pragmatic point of view, the element which links all these perspectives is the playful aspect implied by each of them. A unanimous recognition of the formative possibilities of games continues in the field of pedagogical theory, with the establishment of the optimal didactic ways of the realisation of its potential. Stemming from this observation, the present paper underlines the playful aspect of didactic activity appearing in the “didactic game”, which becomes an efficient method in teaching Romanian as a foreign language (through simulation and/or dramatisation). The role and the importance of didactic game consist in the fact that it facilitates the process of assimilation, fixation and consolidation of knowledge. At the same time, due to its formative character, it influences the development of our students. At the lessons of Romanian as a foreign language, a Russian-speaking foreign student finds a favourable environment for the development of language skills necessary to successfully integrate not only in the university circles to which he aspires, but also in the society which adopts him.
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly of Emergency Online Language Teaching at University
Authors:   Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Munteanu Sonia Carmen
Published: November 2021

Although technology had pervaded language teaching and learning long ago (the recorded tapes of the Audio-lingual method spring to mind here as a relevant example), the heavy dependence on communication tools, learning management systems, interactive applications and alike that occurred with the recent, pandemic-driven upset of social and educational life is unprecedented. Just as any other aspect of our lives in 2020, teaching and learning of languages at university in the traditional face-to-face mode were suspended and moved to an online environment, which, for better or worse, replaced well established methodological practices with, at times, experimental pedagogies, in an attempt to better adapt the process to the new online context, mode and consequent expectations of stakeholders – learners, teachers and educational management. The present paper investigates the process of transferring language classes at tertiary level to the online environment, as a consequence of the recent Covid19 pandemic. The approach is analytical, with emphasis on recording and highlighting main milestones, such as the jump from emergency education to a quasi-permanent state of affairs in 2021, when, at least to this moment, there is little hope language education at university will resume its place in the physical classroom any time soon. The purpose is to review particular aspects of language education in this transitional process, such as the need for curricular overhaul and its impact in the long run over how languages will be taught to students during lockdown periods or face-to-face interaction period.
In honorem et memoriam Esada Pašalića
Authors: Šehović Moamer
Published: November 2021

Esad Pašalić, born in 1915, was one of the most prominent historians and archaeologists in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Through his work, research and  archaeological excavations, professor Pašalić has indebted the future generations of scholars, not only in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but in a much wider region. Although  his professional career lasted relatively briefly, we cannot say the same for his scholarly work abundant in contributions, articles, studies and one monography in the  span of about fifteen years. He spent his entire career at the Faculty of Philosophy  in Sarajevo, starting at the position of Senior Teaching Assistant to finally reaching  the position of Full Time Professor. During his work at the Faculty of Philosophy,  on two occasions he acted as the Dean of this Faculty. His social and scholarly work  was never limited within the walls of this institutions. Instead, he was active in numerous historical and archaeological societies such as the Association of University  Teachers and Scholars in Sarajevo, the Alliance of Historical Societies of Yugoslavia,  the Archaeological Society of Yugoslavia; he was the member of the Editorial Board  of the Yearbook of the Centre for Balkan Studies, the member of Inter-academic  Board of Scientific and Research Project Tabula Imperii Romani. We should also  mention that he was the international member of the Archaeological Institute in  Berlin, which shows how his work was recognized outside the Yugoslavian borders.  Although he wrote papers about different areas of history and archaeology in the  Roman period, his field of activity can roughly be divided into three groups: settlements and roads, the economy with a special focus on mining, and military-political history. Moreover, Pašalić lead archaeological excavations at two sites, and their  findings and results aided better understanding of circumstances in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Roman period. The first excavation was conducted  in the territory of present-day Ilidža under the auspices of the Museum of Sarajevo  from 1955 to 1963. Pašalić published a detailed report about the findings of this  excavation up to 1959. The second excavation took place in the territory of a mining district in north-western Bosnia in the valley of the Japra River from 1962 to the  end of 1967. During his intellectual peak, when the best and most fruitful years lied  ahead of him, Pašalić suddenly had apoplexy (stroke) and died several days later, on  10 June 1967, at the Military Medical Academy in Belgrade.
A Classical Physics Approach for Space Expansion: The Hubble Drift
Authors: Obande Ogaba Philip
Published: November 2021

Accelerating expansion of metric space AEMS is investigated with classical Newtonian mechanics. Relying on earlier positions, the results are analyzed to reveal what could be a new understanding of the theoretical framework of the subject. Notably, it is shown that space is physical; it comprises aggregated waveforms of the chemical elements and shares identical quantization, periodicity and mass-evolution with matter. Three plausible methods are identified for classical investigation of the Hubble effect, all three give same result, Ho= 49.5 km s-1Mpc. AEMS results from coupling of light’s 36.9o tangential component (vr=0.75rω) to periodic space, i.e., a component of the vacuum field’s e-m radiation couples to logarithmically decreasing distance scales, vr(E)/drE, to create an acceleration relative to space not time. Multiplicity of the Hubble constant aHo is traceable to corresponding multiplicity of universes nested within our universe. Mass ejection from a cosmic quantum envelope is the cosmic equivalence of radioactivity, it signals ageing and eventual disappearance of the host periodic envelope from visibility. Reality is an imperturbable (ideal) Steady-State, observations thought to invalidate this view are hugely misinterpreted, an explosion in or of spacetime marking the beginning of time could not conceivably sustain, over the aeons, an accelerating expansion of metric space; furthermore, the cosmic microwave background is the zero-point energy or vacuum radiation. The active galactic nucleus or black hole is not a singularity, it is a two-way valve that facilitates circulation of mass-energy matrices across the four phases or ref. frames of reality. There is no new creation of space or matter, only continuous recycling in line with NASA’s recent observation.
Bronchoscopic Extraction of Multiple Endobronchial Broncholiths in A Patient with Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Maturu Venkata , Annela Raghavender , Narahari Narendra
Published: November 2021

Broncholithiasis is an unusual clinical condition characterized by the presence of calcified or ossified material within the airways. Multiple endobronchial broncholithiasis during active infection with tuberculosis is an extremely uncommon presentation. Bron-choscopy plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of broncholithiasis. Currently, there are no specific Guideliness for the management of broncholithiasis. Here, we present a Case Report where multiple broncholiths were successfully removed in a staged manner via rigid bronchoscopy.
Nintedanib-Mediated Improvement in CT Imaging in Pulmonary Fibrosis Associated with Systemic Scleroderma
Authors: Nishino Kengo , Sasatani Yuika , Ohara Gen , Kagohashi Katsunori , Satoh Hiroaki
Published: November 2021

Nintedanib is an antifibrotic drug that has an inhibitory effect on growth factor tyrosine kinases. In patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and systemic scleroderma-associated interstitial pneumonia (SSc-IP), nintedanib has been effective in suppressing the decline in forced vital capacity over time and the onset of acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia. Here, we report a SSc-IP patient who showed an improvement on CT images following nintedanib treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such a case. Although SSc-IP patients are very rare, additional clinical experience and understanding will be required to prove the therapeutic benefit of nintedanib in these cases in relation to improved chest images.
Prediction of Three-Month Readmission Based on Haematological Parameters in Patients with Severe COPD Exacerbation
Authors: Garcia-Pachon Eduardo , Baeza-Martinez Carlos , Ruiz-Alcaraz Sandra , Grau-Delgado Justo
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Approximately one-third of patients hospitalised for an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are readmitted to the hospital within 90 days. It is of interest to identify biomarkers that predict relapse in order to prevent readmission in these patients. In our prospective study of patients admitted for COPD exacerbation, we aimed to analyse whether routine haematological parameters can help predict the three-month readmission risk. Material and methods: 106 patients were included, of whom 23 were female (22%). The age (mean ± SD) was 73 ± 10 years, and the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was 44 ± 15%. The haematological parameters were obtained from the first blood test result during admission. The variables were as follows: red cell distribution width, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet (PLT) count, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, PLT to lymphocyte ratio, MPV to PLT ratio, and eosinophil count. Patients were differentiated into two groups for each haematological parameter according to median value, and the percentage of readmissions in each of the groups was recorded. Results: Twenty-five patients (24%) were readmitted to hospital within three months of discharge. Only the difference in low-MPV and high-MPV patients was significant (37% vs. 10%, p = 0.001). The predictive capacity for three-month readmission measured by the area under the curve (AUC) did not show clinically applicable values; the best result was for MPV (AUC 0.64). In the remaining values, the AUC was between 0.52 and 0.55. Conclusion: Routine haematological parameters proposed as prognostic biomarkers in COPD obtained at the moment of hospital admission were not useful for predicting three-month readmission.
High-Dose Steroids for the Treatment of Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia: The Need of the Hour?
Authors: Tandon Abhishek , Chandra Vedansh
Published: November 2021

Ever since the results of the RECOVERY trial [...]
Progressive Fibrosis in Interstitial Lung Diseases—Proposed Definition and Management
Authors: Martusewicz-Boros Magdalena , Piotrowski Wojciech
Published: November 2021

Interstitial lung diseases may have an unpredictably progressive course, which is manifested as progression of pulmonary fibrosis, causing an increasing impairment of lung function affecting a poor prognosis. The possibility of an effective antifibrotic treatment is a chance for patients to slow down the progression of the disease, perhaps even extend their life. For this reason, standardization of the definition as well as identification criteria for progressive fibrosis interstitial lung disease is a method for optimizing the management in this group of patients.
More Birds in the Hand -Medical Image Segmentation using a Multi-Model Ensemble Framework
Authors: Chen Yung-Han , Kuo Pei-Hsuan , Fang Yi-Zeng , Wang Wei-Lin
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we introduce a multi-model ensemble framework for medical image segmentation. We first collect a set of state-of-the-art models in this field and further improve them through a series of architecture refinement moves and a set of specific training skills. We then integrate these fine-tuned models into a more powerful ensemble framework. Preliminary experiment results show that the proposed multi-model ensemble framework performs well under the given polyp and instrument datasets.
Kvasir-Instruments and Polyp Segmentation Using UNet
Authors: Pandey Sumit , Keprate Arvind
Published: November 2021

This paper aims to describe the methodology used to develop, fine-tune and analyze a UNet model for creating masks for two datasets: Polyp Segmentation and Instrument Segmentation, which are part of MedAI challenge. For training and validation, we have used the same methodology on both tasks and finally on the hidden testing dataset the model resulted in an accuracy of 0.9721, dice score of 0.7980 for the instrumentation task, and the accuracy of 0.5646 and a dice score of 0.4100 was achieved for the Polyp Segmentation.
Revival wünschenswert
Authors: Zierer Brigitta
Published: November 2021

Genossenschaften haben in vergangenen Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrisen ausreichende Stabilität, sozial verantwortungsvolles, risikobewusstes und nachhaltiges Wirtschaften, Regionalität und wirtschaftliche Stärke bewiesen. Ihre Attraktivität als Rechts- und Wirtschaftsform findet in der Sozialwirtschaft dennoch bislang kaum Beachtung, wie Prof. Dr. Brigitta Zierer vom FH Campus Wien beklagt.
Einstieg in die Zukunft
Authors: Weinert Tim , Brumm Sebastian
Published: November 2021

Die Gemeinwohl-Ökonomie-Bilanz ermöglicht sozialwirtschaftlichen Organisationen einen einfachen Einstieg in die Verbesserung der eigenen Zukunftsfähigkeit.
Kümmern kann sich lohnen
Authors: Mohrmann Antje
Published: November 2021

Jedes Jahr werden durch Geldauflagen hunderte Millionen Euro an gemeinnützige Einrichtungen oder den Staat zugewiesen, wobei es in in den verschiedenen Bundesländern große Unterschiede gibt, die man kennen sollte.
Unterstützung für Nutzer, Verwaltung und Beratungsstellen
Authors: Weber Winfried W. , Holat Carolin
Published: November 2021

Nicht zuletzt die Corona-Pandemie hat gezeigt, dass Deutschland beim eGoverment einigen Nachholbedarf hat. Mit einem »Sozialleistungsrechner« soll nun ein mehrsprachiges Auskunftstool entwickelt werden, das Menschen in sozialen Notlagen online durch einen Fragenkatalog führt und berechnet, auf welche Sozialleistungen sie in welcher Höhe Anspruch haben. Im Anschluss können ihre Anträge ebenfalls online ausgefüllt werden. Neben den Nutzern können dadurch auch Leistungsträger und die Beratungsangebote freier Träger viel Zeit einsparen, glauben Prof. Dr. Winfried W. Weber und Carolin Holat.
Lauterkeitsrechtliche Haftung beim Betrieb von Internet-Bewertungsportalen
Authors: Müller Karsten
Published: November 2021

Ratings on the internet have an enormous influence on consumers' demand decisions. They can reduce information asymmetries and thus strengthen the free development of market forces. This, however, only holds true if the information as well as its preparation and presentation are reliable. The on-going discussion about the liability of providers of internet rating platforms has so far neglected unfair competition law. Setting focus on this legal area the book comprehensively examines the provider’s liability for the publication of third-party reviews as well as for the design of the portal and the review process. It already covers the amendments to the UCP Directive made by the Omnibus Directive and their implementation into German law.
Allgemeine Pädagogik
Authors: Ladenthin Volker
Published: November 2021

This introduction to pedagogy establishes the principles of pedagogical action. Based on the responsibility of every human being for him- or herself, fellow human beings and the environment, the core task of pedagogy is to convincingly substantiate justified claims. Instruction, education, care, discipline and just community are derived and developed as tasks of educational activity.
Applications of Current Density Functional Theory (DFT) Methods in Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Surendra Babu Numbury
Published: November 2021

DFT and time-dependant DFT (TD-DFT) quantum chemical calculations have become helpful for qualitative and quantitative analyses of materials at the molecular level. In this paper, we will attempt to outline successes and opportunities associated with the use of DFT and TD-DFT in OSC research. Density functional theory (DFT) has evolved as a QM method that is both rigorous and efficient enough to be employed in photovoltaic solar cell challenges in the last ten years. DFT is a prominent method for precisely and efficiently calculating molecular systems’ electrical and optical characteristics at a low computational cost. The possible uses of DFT to polymer solar cells were comprehensively examined in this article. First, the foundations of DFT are examined. Following that, the precision of DFT for studying photovoltaic properties particular to polymer solar cell design is highlighted. Next, this chapter looks at how DFT is used in polymer solar cell research and its accuracy. Following that, a discussion of how DFT works and how it can investigate polymer solar cell features will be given.
Staphylococcus aureusand the Veterinary Medicine
Authors: Farhab Muhammad , Tahir Aleem Muhammad , Shaukat Shakseema , Qadry Ayesha , Zeeshan Ul Haq Muhammad , Ullah Fateh , Jawad Muhammad , Islam Aqib Amjad
Published: November 2021

Staphylococcus aureus has vital importance in veterinary medicine. Within the ruminants, it is one of the major causes of mastitis, the problem that was and is, with no definite solution to date. Along with that, it also affects the health of animals, pets, and poultry in several ways as the tissue tropism for this organism in poultry is the bones and the joints. This review is focused on habitat, species differentiation, differential biochemical tests, pathogenesis, clinical infections, economic importance, public health significance, immune response, the regulation of virulence in the staphylococci, and cytokines response against S. aureus.
Surgical Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: State of the Art Liver Resection
Authors: Davakis Spyridon , Vailas Michail , Kozadinos Alexandros , Sakarellos Panagiotis , Karampa Anastasia , Korkolis Dimitrios , Glantzounis Georgios , Papalampros Alexandros , Felekouras Evangelos
Published: November 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the third most common cause of cancer-related death, showing incremental growth rates throughout the last decades. HCC requires multidisciplinary approach in a group of patients suffering from underlying chronic liver disease, usually in the setting of cirrhosis. The mainstay of treatment in resectable cases is surgery, with anatomic and non-anatomic liver resections widely implemented, as well as liver transplantation in well-selected individuals. Nowadays, there is a variety of liver parenchyma transection devices used by hepatobiliary surgeons in specialized centers, which has significantly improved postoperative outcomes in HCC patients. Therefore, hepatectomy is considered safe and feasible and should be the main therapeutic option for HCC patients, candidates for resection. Liver resection utilizing cavitron ultrasonic aspirator in combination with bipolar radiofrequency ablation is safe and effective for the treatment of HCC with favorable clinical and oncological outcomes.
Botanical Insecticides Are a Non-Toxic Alternative to Conventional Pesticides in the Control of Insects and Pests
Authors: Ahmed Nazeer , Alam Mukhtar , Saeed Muhammad , Ullah Hidayat , Iqbal Toheed , Awadh Al-Mutairi Khalid , Shahjeer Kiran , Ullah Rafi , Ahmed Saeed , Abd Aleem Hassan Ahmed Nibal , Fathy Khater Hanem , Salman Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Insect control for crops is one of the most critical global concerns. Pest management is an economic and ecological problem worldwide due to the human and environmental risks raised by most synthetic pesticide products. Botanical insecticides have resurfaced in popularity due to their low cost and low environmental impact, rather than their negative effects on human health. Botanical insecticides destroy only the insects they are meant to kill, leaving no residue on food or in the environment. Botanicals have long been used to combat pests. The compounds have many environmental advantages. However, as opposed to other bio-control pests and pathogens, their use was minimal during the twentieth century. In developing countries, botanical insecticides are well adapted for use in organic food production. Nonetheless, they may play a far bigger role in developed countries’ food production and post-harvest food protection. Consequently, the current chapter briefly addresses botanicals with active ingredients with insecticidal, antifeedant, or repellent properties.
Application of Ketamine in Current Practice of Anesthesiology
Authors: Pandya Shah Shridevi , Patel Devanshi , Irungu Antony
Published: November 2021

Ketamine was discovered in 1964 by merging a ketone with an amine. Patients described feeling disconnected like they were floating in outer. Thus, it was characterized as a dissociative anesthetic. It is a unique drug that expresses hypnotic, analgesic, and amnesic effects. No other drug used in clinical practice produces these three important effects at the same time. Its newly found neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antitumor effects and low dose applications have helped to widen the clinical profile of ketamine. Ketamine as an analgesic adjunct in chronic pain patients is currently being researched. Combined use of ketamine and an opiate analgesic has been found to provide good perioperative pain control with reduction in symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, sedation, and respiratory insufficiency.
A CFD Porous Materials Model to Test Soil Enriched with Nanostructured Zeolite Using ANSYS-Fluent(™)
Authors: Barraza-Jiménez Diana , Iliana Torres-Herrera Sandra , Ponce Peña Patricia , Omar Ríos-Orozco Carlos , Padilla Mendiola Adolfo , Marcela Coria Quiñones Elva , Armando Olvera Corral Raúl , Dinorah Coria Quiñones Sayda , Alberto Flores-Hidalgo Manuel
Published: November 2021

Soil health is a great concern worldwide due to the huge variety of pollutants and human activities that may cause damage. There are different ways to remediate and make a better use of soil and a choice may be using zeolite in activities like gardening, farming, environment amending, among others. In this work is proposed a model to simulate how mixing zeolite with soil may be beneficial in different ways, we are especially interested in interactions of mixed soil-zeolite with water. This model is based in different flow regimes where water interacts with two layers formed by nanostructured zeolite and soil in a vertical arrangement. The analysis is approached as a bi-layer porous material model resolved by using the mathematical model implemented in ANSYS-Fluent. Such model uses a multi-fluid granular model to describe the flow behavior of a fluid–solid mixture where all the available interphase exchange coefficient models are empirically based. Despite the great capabilities of numerical simulation tools, it is known that at present time, the literature lacks a generalized formulation specific to resolve this kind of phenomena where a porous media is analyzed. This model is developed to obtain a systematic methodology to test nanomaterials with porous features produced in our laboratory which is the next step for near future work within our research group.
An Update of Ketamine Illicit Use
Authors: Kleczkowska Patrycja , Zaremba Malgorzata
Published: November 2021

Ketamine is a derivative of phencyclidine with unique anesthetic, analgesic, as well as antidepressant pharmacological properties. Despite its clinical use, ketamine is classified on the list with new psychoactive substances having psychedelic properties. The abuse trend of ketamine increasing globally, and it became a common club drug over the past few decades. Of note, recreational use of ketamine may pose a threat to public health, leading to numerous physical, as well as psychiatric negative effects. In addition, simultaneously or sequentially ketamine use with other drugs, resulting in serious health consequences. Currently, there are no specific treatment options for managing compulsive drug-seeking behavior in patients with ketamine use disorder, while the pharmacotherapy of side effects is limited and mostly symptomatic. In this chapter, we discuss ketamine abuse history. Further, we proposed the mechanisms of neural disinhibition underlying addiction development in ketamine-dependent patients. We have also included details of possible negative consequences focusing on long-term and recreational ketamine use for both, central and peripheral systems. Finally, we provide an overview of ketamine concomitant use and corresponding adverse interactions.
Spontaneous Recovery and Intervention in Aphasia
Authors: Yamaji Chiaki , Maeshima Shinichiro
Published: November 2021

The recovery of aphasia occurs immediately after the onset of the disease and lasts for several months or more. The speed and degree of improvement in aphasia vary depending on the time since onset, severity of aphasia, and each language modalities. It is assumed that there is a difference in the mechanism of aphasia recovery. The recovery process of the central nervous system observed in the first few days to weeks after the onset of aphasia is thought to involve the disappearance of cerebral edema, the absorption of necrotic tissue, angiogenesis, the development of the collateral circulation, and the resolution of hematomas, leading to the repair of damaged tissue. In the chronic phase, 1) recovery of damaged functional areas, 2) reconstruction of functions in the residual areas, and 3) compensatory functions by the contralateral hemisphere or activation of the contralateral cortex are assumed. In recent years, there have been many reports supporting the effectiveness of speech and language therapy interventions. Speech and language therapy should not only promote improvement of aphasia, but also take a comprehensive approach to improve the QOL of aphasia patients, such as acquisition of compensatory means of communication and family guidance.
Forecasting and Modelling of Solar Radiation for Photovoltaic (PV) Systems
Authors: Sansa Ines , Mrabet Bellaaj Najiba
Published: November 2021

Solar radiation is characterized by its fluctuation because it depends to different factors such as the day hour, the speed wind, the cloud cover and some other weather conditions. Certainly, this fluctuation can affect the PV power production and then its integration on the electrical micro grid. An accurate forecasting of solar radiation is so important to avoid these problems. In this chapter, the solar radiation is treated as time series and it is predicted using the Auto Regressive and Moving Average (ARMA) model. Based on the solar radiation forecasting results, the photovoltaic (PV) power is then forecasted. The choice of ARMA model has been carried out in order to exploit its own strength. This model is characterized by its flexibility and its ability to extract the useful statistical properties, for time series predictions, it is among the most used models. In this work, ARMA model is used to forecast the solar radiation one year in advance considering the weekly radiation averages. Simulation results have proven the effectiveness of ARMA model to forecast the small solar radiation fluctuations.
Legumes, Sustainable Alternative Protein Sources for Aquafeeds
Authors: Hekmatpour Fateme , Torfi Mozanzadeh Mansour
Published: November 2021

Aquaculture produce a great portion of aquatic derived proteins for human in the world. It has the highest and the fastest growth rate among the protein producing industries. Fish meal (FM) is the main and the most expensive ingredient for aquafeeds production. It provides protein, essential amino acids, energy, minerals and vitamins in aquafeeds. Given the current rapid development of aquaculture industry the competition for limited global supplies of FM may reduce its availability and elevate its price. Thus, finding high quality, economic and environmentally friendly alternative protein sources (APS) for aquafeeds production is vital for sustainability of the aquaculture industry. Among various APS, legumes have been proved to be promising APS because they have medium protein content with suitable amino acid profile, high digestible protein and energy levels, and appropriate minerals and vitamins for the most cultured aquatic species. They also are cost-effective and highly accessible. However, they contain various anti-nutritional factors that may reduce feed palatability and may negatively affect growth and health of cultured aquatic animal species. This chapter provide information regarding legumes and their derivatives as APS, their nutritional quality and their potential drawbacks. In addition, strategies for increasing the efficiency of legumes in aquafeeds are reviewed and discussed.
Medicinal Plants and Its Pharmacological Values
Authors: G. Bhat Smita
Published: November 2021

Plants have been used as a source of medicine for the treatment of different diseases from thousands of years ago. There is numerous evidences are available for use of plants as a medicine in the treatment of diseases in Indian, Egyptian, Chinese, Greek and Roman system of medicine. Pharmacognosy is the study of medicines derived from natural sources, mainly from plants which may further lead to development of new drug. The exploration, extraction and screening of biological diversity such as herbs, spices, microbes and other natural resources is the worldwide activity in recent years. Phytochemicals are the naturally available bioactive compounds which are derived from different plant parts and are primarily responsible for biological activities. The most important chemical compounds which are present in the plants are alkaloids, phenols, saponins, carbohydrates, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids and tannins etc.
Description of a New Species of the Genus Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae): A Biocontrol Agent as an Alternative to Insecticide Use
Authors: Saleem Shireen , Binte Anis Shoeba
Published: November 2021

Although insects are economically important as they produce honey, silk, act as pollinators and also play an important role in functioning of an ecosystem, yet insect population is declining very fast. One of the possible causes of insects decline is excessive use of pesticides. Control of pest with synthetic chemicals or pesticides result in several issues and complications. These chemical pesticides or insecticides can also cause toxic effects on beneficial organisms like honeybees and butterflies which are important pollinators. So, biocontrol agents can be used as best alternative to control pest without harming beneficial organism and non-target insects or other organism as majority of biocontrol agents are host specific. Biological control agents including predators and parasotoids are natural enemies of insect pests. Present chapter deals with the description and illustration of one new species Anagrus (Anagrus) sololinearis sp.nov from India. This new species belongs to genus Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae). Genus Anagrus is considered as one of the important and most promising biocontrol agents in insects as it is an egg parasitoid.
Relationship Between the Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) Score and the Angle Between the Aortic Valve and the Left Ventricular Inflow Long Axis (AV-LV) as Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Faghihi Taraneh , Ehsani Azadeh , Shojaeian Fatemeh , Safavi Naini Seyed Amir Ahmad
Published: November 2021

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of mortality in both developed and developing countries. Therefore, identification of CVD risk factors is one of the most important steps in preventing this disease. Evidence suggests that imaging of the cardiac anatomy can be helpful for risk assessment. Objectives: This study aimed to assess two cardiac anatomy features, namely, the angle between the aortic valve and the left ventricular inflow long axis (AV-LV angle) and the coronary artery calcium (CAC) score. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 74 patients with indications for computed tomography angiography (CTA) according to the American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines from July 2019 to January 2020 in Iran. The Agatston method was applied to measure the CAC score. Besides, to determine the AV-LV angle, the angle between a line tangent to the aortic valve leaflets and a line through the center of the aorta toward the left ventricular apex was measured. The patients’ baseline characteristics were also documented by conducting interviews. Results: Of 74 patients, 56% were male. The mean age of the patients was 54.41 ± 12.31 years, and their mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.71 ± 3.89 kg/m2. The frequency of smoking was 28% among the participants. A history of hypertension was reported in 38.7% of the patients, and a history of dyslipidemia was reported in 36%. Besides, the history of myocardial infarction was reported in 4% of the patients, diabetes mellitus in 9.3% of the patients, and angioplasty in 6% of the patients. The CAC score only had significant relationships with hypertension and age (correlation coefficients = 0.51). On the other hand, the AV-LV angle had no significant relationship with the patients’ baseline characteristics. The statistical analysis of the AV-LV angle and CAC score showed no significant relationship between these parameters (P = 0.756). Conclusion: The AV-LV angle and the CAC score were not significantly associated. Further research is recommended to fill the knowledge gap regarding the cardiac anatomy features for cardiovascular risk assessment.
Gradualism and the Evolution of Experience
Authors: Godfrey-Smith Peter ,   University of Arkansas Press
Published: November 2021

In evolution, large-scale changes that involve the origin of complex new traits occur gradually, in a broad sense of the term. This principle applies to the origin of subjective or felt experience. I respond to difficulties that have been raised for a gradualist view in this area, and sketch a scenario for the gradual evolution of subjective experience, drawing on recent research into early nervous system evolution.