bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El model de la sida i les seves víctimes / The AIDS model and its victims
Authors: Torra Borràs Teresa
Published: January 2018

Resumen: En un moviment similar al que efectua Michel Foucault en analitzar la lepra i la pesta com a malalties model del poder disciplinari i del poder sobirà, l’objectiu serà presentar la sida com a malaltia model del biopoder. Es tracta d’analitzar com els mecanismes de poder i de saber que gestionen la sida responen a una determinada economia de poder, que ja no pot ser explicada a través del model binari de la lepra, ni del model pesat i geomètric de la pesta. Per aconseguir això, farem un breu recorregut pel concepte de biopoder i pel model de la lepra i de la pesta. Seguidament, presentarem les novetats del model de la sida. L’anàlisi es centrarà en els primers anys de la malaltia: farem un recorregut pels primers casos que van aparèixer i com van ser analitzats tant pel personal mèdic com pels mitjans de comunicació. Però, sobretot, es centrarà en les víctimes: com van ser tractades i estigmatitzades, el reagrupament dels anomenats “grups de risc”. En definitiva, veure com la seva relació amb la malaltia i la mort va passar per les instàncies del poder.

Paraules clau: Foucault, biopoder, malaltia, sida, víctimes.

Abstract: By making a move similar to the one that Michel Foucault used to analyze leprosy and plague as illness models of sovereign and disciplinary power respectively, we aim to present aids as a model for illness under biopower. We will analyze how the mechanics of power and knowledge that manage aids belongs to a specific power economy that can no longer be explained by means of a binary leprosy model, nor through a heavy, geometrical plague model. After that, we will present aids model’s novelties. The analysis will be focused on the first years of the illness: we will go over the first registered cases and the way they were analysed both by medical authorities and communication media. But above all, we will focus on the victims: the way they were treated and stigmatized, the designation of the so-called “risks groups”. Especially, we will analyze how the power affected the victim’s relationship with illness and death.

Keywords: Foucault, biopower, illness, aids, victims.
Del hospital de pobres a la cultura hospitalo-céntrica. Economía política y cambio cultural en el sistema hospitalario catalán / From the poor hospital to the hospital-centric culture. Political economy and cultural change in the Catalan hospital system
Authors: Comelles Esteban Josep Maria , Alegre Agís Elisa , Barceló Prats Josep
Published: January 2018

Resumen: En el presente artículo se describe la evolución del sistema sanitario catalán utilizando, para ello, el desarrollo de un concepto cultural –el hospitalo-centrismo– clave para entender la hegemonía de la institución hospitalaria en los dispositivos de salud actuales. A tales efectos y utilizando dos perspectivas complementarias como son la historia antropológica y la antropología médica, el artículo analiza un case study a partir de tres ejemplos: la demanda de urgencias hospitalarias asociadas a una concepción cultural de lo que es “grave” y al embodiment de su eficacia por los ciudadanos; la necesidad del rol de asilo en las enfermedades crónicas o terminales; y la conversión del cuidado doméstico como “hospitalización doméstica” en el caso de la salud mental.

Palabras clave: hospital-centrismo, sistema sanitario, historia de hospitales, urgencias, cuidados crónicos, salud mental.

Abstract: This article describes the evolution of the Catalan Health System, using the development of a key cultural concept –hospital-centrism– to understand the hegemony of the hospital institution in the current health devices. To this purpose, and using two complementary perspectives such as anthropological history and medical anthropology, the article analyzes a case study from three examples: the demand for hospital emergencies related with a cultural conception of what is “severe”, and with its effectiveness embodied by the citizens; the need of the asylum role in chronic or terminal diseases; and the transformation of domestic care to “domestic hospitalization” in mental health cases.

Keywords: hospital-centrism, health system, history of hospitals, emergencies, chronic care, mental health.
Experimentación e innovación en el cortometraje documental latinoamericano moderno: las experiencias de Brasil, Cuba y México/ Experimentation and innovation in the modern Latin American documentary short film: the experiences of Brazil, Cuba and Mexico
Authors: Cossalter Javier
Published: January 2018

Resumen: El presente artículo aborda el cine moderno latinoamericano a partir de la articulación del cortometraje y el documental en tanto agentes fundamentales en el asentamiento de este fenómeno en la región. Para ello hemos escogido tres países –México, Brasil y Cuba– que han atravesado realidades disímiles en cuanto a la conformación de una tradición cinematográfica industrial. De este modo, corroboramos en un primer apartado el rol del cortometraje documental en las tres cinematografías contempladas a través del desarrollo del mismo a lo largo de la historia para desembocar en la renovación expresiva y semántica de los años cincuenta y sesenta. El film de corta duración se ha convertido en un medio eficaz para la transición o el ingreso a la modernidad. En una segunda sección examinamos las potencialidades del cortometraje en conjunción con las características del documental y realizamos un análisis textual comparado de tres ejemplos representativos de esos tres países con el propósito de rastrear patrones estéticos comunes y constatar en los textos fílmicos las marcas significantes del cine moderno. Abstract: This article deals with modern Latin American cinema based on the articulation of the short film and the documentary as fundamental agents in the settlement of this phenomenon in the region. For this we have chosen three countries –Mexico, Brazil and Cuba– that have experienced dissimilar realities in terms of the conformation of an industrial cinematographic tradition, deployment we explore in a first section. Then, in the second section we corroborate the role of the short documentary in the three cinemas contemplated through the development of the short film throughout history to lead to the expressive and semantic renewal of the fifties and sixties. Short film has become an effective means for transition or entry into modernity. In a third section, we examine the potentialities of the short film in conjunction with the characteristics of documentary film and perform a comparative textual analysis of three representative examples of those three countries, in order to trace common aesthetic patterns and note the significant marks of modern cinema.
El terror de la inmunidad: Brasil, años 60 / Inmunity terror: Brazil in the sixties
Authors: Antelo Raúl
Published: January 2018

Resumen: El ensayo busca comprender la relación entre política y cuerpo humano, la así llamada biopolítica, en textos de Lucio Cardoso, Clarice Lispector y otros escritores contemporáneos brasileños, en que se verifica la convergencia de biología y política en un sistema unificado que somete el cuerpo a la violencia directa del orden político. Cuanto más amenazada de ser infectada por elementos extraños se sintió la sociedad brasileña, tanto más los individuos y la sociedad se recluyeron en fronteras protectivas, forzando la elección entre una respuesta auto-destructiva y una alternativa radical basada en un nuevo concepto de comunidad.

Palabras clave: Biopolítica, comunidad, Brasil.

Abstract: The essay aims to understand the relationship between politics and the human body, the so-called biopolitics, in texts by Lucio Cardoso, Clarice Lispector and other contemporary Brazilian writers, in which there is a merging of biology and politics into a unified system that subjects the body to the direct violence of a political order.  The more Brazilian society felt at risk of becoming infected by foreign elements, the more the life of the individual and society itself closes off within its protective boundaries, forcing us to choose between a self-destructive outcome and a radical alternative based on a new conception of community.

Keywords: Biopolitics, community, Brazil.
Vínculos transnacionales entre México y Estados Unidos: la figura de José U. Calderón en la transición al cine sonoro /Transnational links between Mexico and United States: the figure of José U. Calderón in the transition to sound cinema
Authors: Flores Silvana
Published: January 2018

Resumen: Proponemos indagar un aspecto de la cinematografía mexicana que ha tenido poca difusión en la historiografía sobre el cine de ese país: las actividades realizadas por el empresario mexicano José U. Calderón en relación a sus conexiones con Estados Unidos, en pos de las experimentaciones que signaron al período inicial del cine sonoro, que incluyeron la expansión de los cines nacionales tanto internamente como en el mercado exterior por medio de la distribución y exhibición de films. Para ello, se desglosarán diferentes aspectos que Calderón ha logrado desarrollar dando como resultado una expansión de la cinematografía mexicana de características transnacionales, como la experimentación técnica, la fundación de empresas de distribución, exhibición y producción, la contratación de artistas y el empleo de géneros como el musical y el melodrama. Dichos aspectos serán trabajados en función de los intercambios comerciales y estético-narrativos que se dieron entre México y Estados Unidos en ese período.

Palabras clave: Calderón, transnacional, cine sonoro, México, Estados Unidos.

Abstract: We propose to inquire an aspect of Mexican cinema that had very little diffusion in the historiography of the cinema of that country: the activities of Mexican entrepreneur José U. Calderón and his connections with United States in pursuit of experiments that marked the beginning of sound cinema, that included the expansion of national cinemas inside and outside through film distribution and exhibition. For that purpose, we will develop different aspects that Calderón achieved resulting in an expansion of Mexican cinema into the transnational, as technical experimentation, the foundation of distribution, exhibition and production enterprises, the recruiting of artists and the uses of genres as musical and melodrama. Those aspects will be worked taking into account the commercial and aesthetic-narrative exchanges made between Mexico and United States during that period.

Keywords: Calderón, transnational, sound cinema, Mexico, United States.
Etnografía de una enfermedad social (1994-2017)
Authors: Miralles Pepe
Published: January 2018

En los tramos de hospitalización domiciliaria, que atendíamos por turnos un grupo reducido de sus amistades, un día le pregunté si me proporcionaba los restos del material sanitario que estaba utilizando. Tenía que hacer una exposición y había algo en aquellos objetos que lograba vincularse con otros trabajos anteriores. De esta manera podría continuar con el intento de construir una etnografía del sida, un tema en el que andaba metido desde hacía ya unos años. Aceptó sin dudarlo. A partir de entonces, las cosas que Juan Guillermo utilizaba, me las guardaba dentro de bolsas de plástico. A la sazón no sabía que, de alguna manera, me estaba dando su cuerpo a trozos.

Botes de plástico con fórmulas magistrales que habitaban inútilmente en su estómago; bolsas con hierbas que circulaban en caída libre a través de su esófago tres veces al día, y que compró a un farsante que le aseguraba que con eso se curaría; jeringuillas con las que atravesábamos sus venas y nalgas esperando una mejoría del presagio semanal; gasas manchadas de antiséptico para desinfectar las heridas, porque había que poner mucho cuidado en eliminar los gérmenes externos que pudieran infectar su cuerpo vulnerable; guantes médicos que mitigaban el temido contacto con su sangre; bolsas de suero glucosado para tratar la pérdida de fluidos y dar aporte calórico a todo el organismo; paquetes de gasas para limpiar su piel irritada; frascos para almacenar medicamentos inyectables que aliviaban su dolor; catéteres de inserción venal que como bocas de hombre mantenían el cuerpo abierto para los goteros diarios; termóme¬tros que median su fiebre persistente; pomadas que calmaban sus erupciones cutáneas; apósitos adhesivos para cerrar sus heridas; contenedores de residuos para agujas en los que se almacenaban de manera segura sus desperdicios; sistemas de infusión de suero que trasladaban el líquido inútil desde su recipiente suspendido a su cuerpo tendido; láminas elásticas autoadhesivas para asegurar que sus canales abiertos no se movieran; blíster para cápsulas que almacenaban ordenadamente su esperanza; cajas de AZT cuyo eco era inaudible.

Todos estos objetos fueron convirtiéndose en una colección de recuerdos, huellas e identificaciones que estaban preparándose para paliar la ausencia del cuerpo, ya que luego lo sustituyeron; y del tiempo, dado que su presencia rememora su uso y los ritos asociados que pautaban los momentos del día.
Escritura, comunidad y ‘efecto documental’ en Prisión en Chile, de Alejandro Witker / Writing, Community and Documentary effect in 'Prison in Chile', by Alejandro Witker.
Authors: Peris Blanes Jaume
Published: January 2018

RESUMEN: Prisión en Chile, de Alejandro Witker, fue uno de los textos testimoniales de mayor impacto en los años que siguieron al Golpe Militar. Sus diferentes paratextos identificaban la enunciación testimonial como una forma de combate que podía sustituir a las formas tradicionales de la lucha política. Para hacerlo, el texto de Witker desarrollaba una serie de estrategias de construcción textual que le servían para discursivizar la idea fundamental de experiencia colectiva y para crear un ‘efecto documental’ que potenciaría su función de denuncia. Palabras clave: Testimonio, campos de concentración, comunidad, ‘efecto documental’. ABSTRACT: Alejandro Witker’s Prison in Chile was one of the most important testimonies in the early years of Chilean dictatorship. Their paratexts identified the act of bearing witness as a new kind of struggle in substitution of the traditional ways of fighting. Witker’s text developed some original textual strategies for representing the idea of collective experience and also for creating a ‘documentary effect’. Keywords: Testimony, concentration camps, community, ‘documentary effect’.
Procesos, discursos y prácticas estructurantes de la violencia contra las mujeres en Ciudad Juárez / Processes, discourses and practices of violence against women in Ciudad Juarez
Authors: Andrade Martínez Enrique
Published: January 2018

Resumen: En el presente artículo, trataremos de describir y analizar los procesos, discursos y prácticas estructurantes de la violencia contra las mujeres en Ciudad Juárez (México) a través de sus imaginarios sociales. Para ello, procederemos a establecer una periodización de estos relatos en cinco épocas históricas marcadas por las grandes reestructuraciones sociales, políticas, económicas y culturales que ha experimentado la urbe fronteriza y que han conducido a su ciudadanía a una situación de vulnerabilidad extrema.

Palabras clave: violencia, género, feminicidios, frontera, crimen organizado, Ciudad Juárez.

Abstract: In this article, we will attempt to describe and analyze the processes, discourses and practices of violence against women in Ciudad Juarez (Mexico) through its social imaginaries. In order to achieve this objective, we will establish a periodization of this narratives in five moments related to the great social, political, economic and cultural changes in the Bordertown which have leaded its citizenship to a vulnerable situation.

Keywords: violence, genre, feminicides, border, organized crime, Ciudad Juarez.
Presentación
Authors: Bertomeu Masiá Maria José , Coperías Aguilar Maria José , Dall'Oco Sondra
Published: January 2018

Ya en el siglo xviii, y por influencia de la Ilustración, se produjo un gran avance en el estudio científico en una gran variedad de ámbitos. Sin embargo, fue en el siglo xix, como consecuencia, entre otros factores, de la revolución industrial y todos los avances técnicos que esta conllevó, cuando tuvo lugar una verdadera revolución científica. En el ámbito de las humanidades, y más en concreto en el campo de la filología, uno de los fenómenos científicos que se produjo fue la aparición de numerosas ediciones de textos de épocas anteriores. En muchas ocasiones se editaron textos manuscritos tanto de tipo literario, como no literario (cartas, documentos públicos de distinto tipo), en otras, se fijaron primeras ediciones impresas. Fueron también numerosos los eruditos que se dedicaron no tanto a estudiar los textos en su lengua original como a traducirlos a otras, de modo que estuvieran al alcance de un mayor número de posibles lectores. Estas traducciones incluían tantos textos originalmente escritos en las lenguas clásicas, latín y griego, y algunas lenguas semíticas, como documentos en varias de las lenguas europeas utilizadas en el Renacimiento o sus siglos dorados en literatura.Los estudios filológicos y de traducción han evolucionado enormemente a lo largo del siglo xx y en los primeros años del siglo xxi, tanto en su vertiente teórica como en la práctica. Actualmente, disponemos de unos medios técnicos, por ejemplo, para la reproducción de textos, inimaginables hace tan solo unos años. La posibilidad de digitalizar documentos permite ponerlos al alcance de un mayor número de investigadores, la creación de bases de datos ayuda a clasificar y sistematizar los documentos existentes, así como a mostrar el trabajo realizado por determinados investigadores de modo que muchos otros se puedan beneficiar del mismo. El objetivo de este monográfico, centrado en la revisión crítica de ediciones y traducciones de textos en el siglo xix, es valorar y analizar el trabajo filológico realizado por eruditos del siglo xix y principios del xx tanto en su labor de recopilación y edición de textos, como en su trabajo como traductores. Aun reconociendo la importancia y la utilidad que estas ediciones y traducciones han tenido para trabajos posteriores, son también patentes algunas de las carencias que, por las limitaciones de la época, pueden presentar.
La edición documental en El Archivo, Revista Literaria Semanal
Authors: Iborra Gastaldo Joan
Published: January 2018

Roc Chabàs fue un eclesiástico e historiador que llegó a ejercer de canónigo archivero de la Seo de Valencia, donde realizó una labor clasificadora documental emblemática. Fue editor y director de la revista El Archivo, Revista Literaria Semanal, posteriormente El Archivo, Revista de Ciencias Históricas, entre los años 1886 y 1893, cuando acabó la publicación. Dentro de esta revista se introdujeron numerosos documentos procedentes de diversos archivos, pero sobretodo del archivo histórico de Denia, relacionados con la historia de la ciudad y del País Valenciano. El propósito de este artículo es discutir los criterios empleados por el historiador Chabàs a la hora de realizar las transcripciones de los manuscritos originales.
Invocaciones duplicadas a los dioses Manes en inscripciones romanas de Hispania
Authors: Abascal Palazon Juan Manuel
Published: January 2018

Presentamos en estas páginas ocho testimonios de inscripciones romanas que muestran la repetición de la fórmula D(is) M(anibus) s(acrum) o D(is) M(anibus). Todos los textos pueden ser datados entre los siglos II y III. La distribución geográfica de estos textos demuestra que se trata de testimonios aislados y que no guardan entre ellos ninguna relación.
Bray, una cueva sepulcral de la Edad del Bronce en el Peñón de Gibraltar
Authors: Giles Guzmán Francisco José , Giles Pacheco Francisco , Gutiérrez López José María , Reinoso del Río Maria Cristina , Finlayson Clive , Finlayson Geraldine , Rodríguez Vidal Joaquin , Finlayson Stewart
Published: January 2018

Las excavaciones en la Cueva de Bray en Gibraltar han documentado una serie de enterramientos de la Edad de Bronce, esto supone una nueva aportación al conocimiento de la ocupación prehistórica del Peñón de Gibraltar y se convierte en una referencia regional para el estudio de los rituales funerarios de este período.
Preliminary results of the 2017 season in the Amazonian earthen structures known as geoglyphs.
Authors: Diez Castillo Agustín , Rampanelli Ivandra , Fernandes Tarsicio Jose , Sousa Mascarenhas, de Fluvio , Mardini Jorge , Orfanó Figueiredo Evandro
Published: January 2018

La primera sesión de trabajo de campo del equipo conjunto de investigación de la de la Universitat de València Estudi General (UVEG) y  la Universidad Federal de Acre (UFAC) ha avanzado significativamente en el conocimiento de las estructuras de tierra construidas en el paisaje amazónico, conocidas popularmente como "geoglifos". En ella se ha realizado por primera vez una topografía de alta precisión y ha permitido hallar una nueva estructura que sumar al catálago en el territorio de la "Reserva Extrativista Chico Mendés".
Fusayolas de la necrópolis de Olival do Senhor dos Mártires (Alcácer do Sal, Portugal): tipología, función y simbolismo
Authors: B. Gomes Francisco
Published: January 2018

La presencia de un conjunto significativo de fusayolas entre los ajuares de la necrópolis de la Edad del Hierro de Olival do Senhor dos Mártires (Alcácer do Sal, Portugal) plantea cuestiones de gran interés sobre los límites entre la función de estos elementos y su significado simbólico y escatológico. En este estudio se abordan esas cuestiones, analizando por un lado las características físicas, tecnológicas y morfológicas de las piezas, y por otro los posibles códigos simbólicos y religiosos que las convierten en elementos integrales del ajuar
funerario en distintas comunidades del sur peninsular.
A framework for designing compassionate and ethical artificial intelligence and artificial consciousness
Authors: Banerjee Soumya
Published: January 2018

Intelligence and consciousness have fascinated humanity for a long time and we have long sought to replicate this in machines. In this work we show some design principles for a compassionate and conscious artificial intelligence. We present a computational framework for engineering intelligence, empathy and consciousness in machines. We hope that this framework will allow us to better understand consciousness and design machines that are conscious and empathetic. Our hope is that this will also shift the discussion from a fear of artificial intelligence towards designing machines that embed our cherished values in them. Consciousness, intelligence and empathy would be worthy design goals that can be engineered in machines.
Robotic Olympics: A novel robotic surgical training experience for residents in an obstetrics and gynecology residency program
Authors: Renz Malte , Liberman Eric , Daniels Brian , Isani Sara , Kuo Dennis Y , Nevadunsky Nicole
Published: January 2018

Background: Resident experience and opinions regarding robotic surgical training as part of the formal obstetrics and gynecology curriculum has not been reported.

Objective: To evaluate residents’ experience with the newly introduced Robotic Olympics and a robotic surgical trainings curriculum in general, especially in correlation with future career goals.

Methods: All residents of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency Program at the Montefiore Medical Center, who participated in the Robotic Olympics 2014, a team-based simulation competition, completed a de-identified pre- and post-Olympics survey.

Results: For the participating 31 residents, the mean number of bedside-assistant robotic and console cases was 8 (0-50) and 4 (0-30), respectively. Both were positively associated with postgraduate level. The majority of residents (89%) reported that they were best trained in open surgery. Only 52% anticipated using robotic surgery in their future practice. Anticipated use of the robot and interest in robotic training were correlated with surgical subspecialty career goals. 100% of residents aspiring a career in gynecologic oncology and none interested in maternofetal medicine anticipated future use of robotic surgery. However, all residents desired the Robotic Olympics to be integral part of resident education.

Conclusions: The majority of residents welcomed the addition of the Robotic Olympics to the robotic-surgical curriculum. However, the residents’ interest in robotic surgical training in general was disparate and correlated with the anticipated use of the robot in the residents’ future career. This data suggests the need for directed robotic surgical training for residents interested in surgical sub-specialties to focus resources early on.
Conserved mass peaks in MALDI-TOF mass spectra of bacterial species
Authors: Ng Wenfa
Published: January 2018

Microbes are identified based on their distinguishing characteristics such as gene sequence or metabolic profile. Nucleic acid approaches such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing provide the gold standard method for microbial identification in the contemporary era. However, mass spectrometry-based microbial identification is gaining credence through ease of use, speed, and reliability. Specifically, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been used in identifying bacteria, fungus, molds and archaea to the species level with high accuracy. The approach relies on the existence of unique mass spectrum fingerprint for individual microbial species. By comparing the mass spectrum of an unknown microbe with that catalogued in a reference database of known microorganisms, microbes could be identified through mass spectrum fingerprinting. However, the approach lacks fundamental biological basis given the relative difficulty in assigning specific protein to particular mass peak in the profiled mass spectrum, which hampers a deeper understanding of the mass spectrum obtained. This study seeks to examine the existence of conserved mass peaks in MALDI-TOF mass spectra of bacterial strains belonging to the same species in open access data from SpectraBank. Results revealed that conserved mass peaks existed for all bacterial species examined (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Carnobacterium maltaaromaticum, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas fragi, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas syringae, Serratia marcescens, Serratia proteamaculans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia). Large number of conserved mass peaks such as that of E. coli might suggest more closely-related strains of a species though functional annotation of the mass peaks is required to provide deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the conservation of specific proteins. On the other hand, strains of S. aureus and P. putida had the least number of conserved mass peaks. Presence of conserved mass peaks in the genus Pseudomonas and Serratia provided further evidence that MALDI-TOF MS microbial identification had a biological basis in identification of microbial species to the genus level. On the other hand, it also highlighted that a subset of proteins could define the taxonomical boundary between the species and genus level. Overall, existence of conserved mass peaks in strains of the same bacterial species provided evidence of a firm biological basis in the mass spectrum fingerprinting approach of MALDI-TOF MS microbial identification. This could help identify specific species in mass spectrum of single or multiple microbial species. Further functional annotation of the conserved mass peaks could illuminate in greater detail the biological mysteries of why certain proteins are conserved in specific genus and species.
Welcome and listen to the silence: nursing care from the perspective of deaf woman during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum / Acolher e escutar o silêncio: o cuidado de enfermagem sob a ótica da mulher surda durante a gestação, parto e puerpério
Authors: Costa Amanda de Andrade , Vogt Sibylle Emilie , Ruas Edna de Freitas Gomes , Holzmann Ana Paula Ferreira , Da Silva Patrick Leonardo Nogueira
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: identificar a percepção da mulher surda quanto aos cuidados de enfermagem durante a gestação, parto e puerpério. Método: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada com nove mulheres surdas de uma cidade do norte de Minas Gerais. Utilizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada na qual o tratamento dos dados se deu por meio da Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: as mulheres surdas enfrentaram dificuldades na assistência prestada pela equipe de enfermagem durante o período perinatal devido a fatores como: despreparo dos profissionais quanto ao uso da linguagem de sinais; ausência de intérpretes nos serviços; interlocutores que falam rápido demais; e uso de máscaras pelos profissionais, dificultando a leitura labial. Conclusão: a barreira de comunicação é verificada na interação entre surdas e profissionais de saúde, tornando-se indispensável que ambos encontrem formas de interagir para garantir uma assistência de melhor qualidade.
Satisfaction and work overload evaluation of employees’ of Psychosocial Care Centers / Avaliação da satisfação e sobrecarga de trabalho dos trabalhadores dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial
Authors: Clementino Francisco de Sales , Miranda Francisco Arnoldo Nunes de , Martiniano Claudia Santos , Marcolino Emanuella de Castro , Pessoa Júnior João Mário , Fernandes Nathália Maria Silva
Published: January 2018

OBJETIVO: avaliar a qualidade dos serviços e o nível de satisfação dos profissionais de saúde em relação à sobrecarga de trabalho nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial do município de Campina Grande, Paraíba. MÉTODOS: estudo qualitativo, analítico. Participaram do estudo 49 profissionais de saúde de nível superior e médio. Coletaram-se os dados entre agosto e setembro de 2014. Os dados foram duplamente digitados e a consistência avaliada com auxílio do Validate do Epi Info 3.5.4 e do SPSS 17.0. RESULTADOS: observou-se elementos do trabalho temporário, constituindo-se como instabilidade e vulnerabilidade. Quanto ao grau de satisfação relativo às condições de trabalho, conforto e aparência dos CAPS, apoio da gestão, a maioria dos profissionais mostrou-se insatisfeito e sobrecarregados no trabalho. CONCLUSÃO: concluiu-se pela necessidade de avaliação permanente e melhorias das condições de trabalho, de modo a minimizar a sobrecarga de trabalho dos profissionais de saúde.
Metal–Organic Framework Templated Pd@PdO–Co3O4 Nanocubes as an Efficient Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst
Authors: Li Hong‐Chao , Zhang Ying‐Jie , Hu Xiao , Liu Wu‐Jun , Chen Jie‐Jie , Yu Han‐Qing
Published: January 2018

The development of high‐efficiency bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR/OER) is critical for rechargeable metal–air batteries, a typical electrochemical energy storage and conversion technology. This work reports a general approach for the synthesis of Pd@PdO–Co3O4 nanocubes using the zeolite‐type metal–organic framework (MOF) as a template. The as‐synthesized materials exhibit a high electrocatalytic activity toward OER and ORR, which is comparable to those of commercial RuO2 and Pt/C electrocatalysts, while its cycle performance and stability are much higher than those of commercial RuO2 and Pt/C electrocatalysts. Various physicochemical characterizations and density functional theory calculations indicate that the favorable electrochemical performance of the Pd@PdO–Co3O4 nanocubes is mainly attributed to the synergistic effect between PdO and the robust hollow structure composed of interconnected crystalline Co3O4 nanocubes. This work establishes an efficient approach for the controlled design and synthesis of MOF‐templated hybrid nanomaterials, and provides a great potential for developing high‐performance electrocatalysts in energy storage and conversion.
Building bridges between Puerto Rican psychology students and Massachusetts mental health clinics: Analysis of a workforce crisis
Authors: Sacco Frank C. , Rivera Veronica , Betances‐Olivieri Eric M. , Lugo Jose , Rogers Susan , Sacco‐Dion Cristen
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this article is to describe a field experience that used an applied psychoanalytic approach to discover potential unconscious barriers to attracting qualified Puerto Rican psychologists to work in western Massachusetts. The field experience involved a series of lectures at two Puerto Rican universities that train doctoral‐level psychologists. This field experience was conducted by Anglo internship professors and Puerto Rican doctoral psychology interns trained in Puerto Rico but interning on the mainland. Currently, there is a workforce crisis impacting mental health clinics that treat traumatized Puerto Rican families referred from child welfare and juvenile justice systems. The interns were training in the western Massachusetts city of Holyoke, which is 43% Puerto Rican. Holyoke is experiencing a crisis in its school system, which is 80% Puerto Rican students and is now under state receivership. This area in Massachusetts is in desperate need of Puerto Rican psychologists. The public schools are always seeking to work with outside agencies that can offer bi‐lingual and bi‐cultural clinicians.

An applied psychoanalytic lens was utilized to analyze a cross‐cultural recruiting experience as a step in understanding the underlying dynamics that may contribute to a critical workforce shortage of Puerto Rican psychologists. The goal was to explore the fantasies and possible unconscious barriers of Puerto Rican doctoral students to move to the US mainland to practice in community mental health. The experiences analyzed two rounds of yearly discussions with (a) psychology students from two universities in Puerto Rico, (b) Anglo internship professors and (c) Puerto Rican interns who were already training on the mainland. Informal discussions with staff and recruited students after lectures provided the experiences to analyze. In the spirit of applied psychoanalysis this project used ideas from two psychoanalytic theories to explore concrete options to help improve the psychological journey of psychologists from Puerto Rican universities to the streets of Massachusetts. Barriers included fantasies about language, lack of experience with the “tools” of psychology (Electronic Health Records), weather, and inadequate planning for the migration experience. Areas for building bridges included offering courses to island training, such has electives for island psychology students thinking of migrating, shared internships with mainland and island universities, and collaboration in researching prevention models. The goal of this project was to uncover students’ fantasies about migration and develop an outline for discussion and training curricula of island psychology graduate students and mainland universities.
Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Reaction of β‐Keto Sulfones with Alcohols via C−S Bond Cleavage: Reaction Development and Mechanism Study
Authors: Du Bingnan , Wang Wenmin , Wang Yang , Qi Zhenghang , Tian Jiaqi , Zhou Jie , Wang Xiaochen , Han Jianlin , Ma Jing , Pan Yi
Published: January 2018

A Cu‐catalyzed cascade oxidative radical process of β‐keto sulfones with alcohols has been achieved by using oxygen as an oxidant. In this reaction, β‐keto sulfones were converted into sulfinate esters under the oxidative conditions via cleavage of C−S bond. Experimental and computational studies demonstrate that a new pathway is involved in this reaction, which proceeds through the formation of the key four‐coordinated CuII intermediate, O−O bond homolysis induced C−S bond cleavage and Cu‐catalyzed esterification to form the final products. This reaction provides a new strategy to sulfonate esters and enriches the research content of C−S bond cleavage and transformations.
Self‐Stigma, Mental Health Literacy, and Attitudes Toward Seeking Psychological Help
Authors: Cheng Hsiu‐Lan , Wang Cixin , McDermott Ryon C. , Kridel Matthew , Rislin Jamey Leeanne
Published: January 2018

This study examined self‐stigma of seeking psychological help and mental health literacy as predictors of college students’ (N = 1,535) help‐seeking attitudes, with additional attention to psychological and demographic correlates. Results indicated that mental health literacy predicted help‐seeking attitudes above and beyond self‐stigma. Asian American race/ethnicity, male gender, current psychological distress, and help‐seeking history were also significant predictors. Implications for addressing mental health literacy and self‐stigma while attending to demographic and psychological variations in help seeking are discussed.
T Cell-Dependent and -Independent Stimulation of Hamster Spleen NK-Like Cells With Concanavalin A
Authors: Stewart Julie A , Yang Hyekyung , Hahn Edwin H , Tompkins Wayne A F
Published: January 2018

This study was designed to examine the inducibility and lineage of nonspecifi- cally cytotoxic effector cells in the hamster spleen. Employing a known T cell mitogen, concanavalin A (ConA), and a monoclonal antibody against a recently identified hamster T cell marker (Thy 1.2 homologue), we examined the effector cells induced in spleen by ConA and the role of T cells in regulating this response. Cytotoxicity was measured against uninfected baby hamster kidney cells, cells infected with herpes simplex virus, or a mouse target, SV3T3, in a 16-hr 51Cr release assay. Pretreatment of spleen cells with ConA (2.5–10 µg ConA/ml) markedly augmented killing of all targets.

Although ConA pretreatment of effector cells enhanced cytotoxicity, pretreatment of targets did not, indicating that ConA is acting at the effector cell level. Supernatants from ConA-stimulated spleen cells also augmented spleen lymphoctye cytotoxicity, suggesting that the ConA effect is mediated by lym- phokines (LK). Depletion of Thy 1.2-positive cells from the spleen cells failed to influence augmentation of cytotoxicity by either ConA or ConA-induced LK, indicating that the precursor cells are not T cells. However, depletion of Thy 1.2-positive cells completely eliminated the production of LK in response to ConA, indicating that the factors in LK that augment cytotoxicity are strictly T cell dependent.

Whether nonspecific cytotoxic cells induced by ConA in the absence of T cells and by the T cell LK are the same population is not known. None of the cytotoxicity induced from intact or T cell-depleted spleen cells by either ConA or LK expressed the Thy 1.2 homologue. These results suggest that nonspecific cytotoxic lymphocytes of non-T cell lineage in the hamster are regulated via both T cell-dependent and T cell-independent mechanisms.
Human Monocyte Recognition of Complement-Coated Lymphoblastoid Cells
Authors: Armstrong Stephen , McDermott Patricia , Schreiber Alan D
Published: January 2018

The macrophage system in man plays a significant role in the detection of foreign cells. The mechanisms by which macrophages recognize malignant cells, however, are not well understood. We used human monocytes and four lymphoblastoid cell (LC) lines derived from human acute lymphocytic leukemia to investigate the initial recognition of tumor cells by monocytes. IgM antibody mediated the binding of these cells to monocytes only in the presence of complement. The stepwise addition of complement components to IgM-coated LC indicated that C3 was necessary for monocyte binding. Similarly, monocyte recognition of IgM-coated LC was maximal in the presence of sera from patients with congenital C5 or C6 deficiency, but absent in the presence of sera deficient in C4 or from a patient with congenital C2 deficiency. Complement activation was associated with C3 consumption and the deposition of substantial amounts of C3 on to LC. Although 3H-C3 bound to LC appeared stable for 2 hours, approximately 4.0 ± 2 × 105 3H-C3 per LC was necessary for monocyte recognition, compared to approximately 2.7 ± 0.5 × 103 3H-C3 per RBC. The data indicate that LC can be recognized by monocytes through complement by mechanisms similar to nonmalignant target cells. However, substantial amounts of C3 are necessary to induce monocyte recognition of IgM-coated LC and, thus, such complement mediated recognition may be inefficient.
Induction of Neovascularization and Nonlymphoid Mesenchymal Cell Proliferation by Macrophage Cell Lines
Authors: Polverini Peter J , Leibovich S Joseph
Published: January 2018

The mature murine macrophage-like cells NCTC-3749 and J-774, the Immature human macrophage-like cells U-937-1, and their conditioned media exhibited potent angiogenic activity in rat corneas and stimulated proliferation of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) and DNA synthesis in BALB/C-3T3 cells in culture. In contrast, the immature human macrophage-like cells HL-60 and their conditioned media either failed to produce or release detectable quantities of these activities. Exposure of HL-60 cells to phorbol-myristate-acetate (PMA) did not enhance expression of angiogenic and growth stimulating activities by these cells. Both the angiogenic and growth stimulating activities appear to be mediated by a factor(s) that has biochemical properties in common with macrophage-derived growth factor (MDGF) produced by normal rat peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that NCTC-3749, J-774, and U-937-1 macrophage-like cell lines may be a useful source for the large scale production and characterization of MDGF and macrophage-derived angiogenic activity.
The Effect of Biotin on the Formation of Different Types of E-Rosettes by Human Lymphocytes
Authors: Petrelli F , Moretti P , Sciarresi P , Dahir A M
Published: January 2018

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy human donors were cultured with biotin and concanavalin A (Con A) for varying periods up to 48 h. At the end of incubation, the percentages of total, active, and stable E-rosettes were determined. The percentage of total E-rosettes decreased significantly in the course of time in both cultures with biotin and Con A, but more slowly than in the control cultures. Biotin and Con A induced a significant increase in the number of high-affinity E-rosettes (aE-RFC and sE-RFC). Preincubation for 4 h in the presence of puromycin or actinomycin D inhibited biotin, and Con A stimulated E-rosette formation. These results suggest that the effect of biotin on the T lymphocytes might be due to stimulation of protein synthesis and, perhaps, new receptors for sheep red blood cells (SRBC).
Characterization of 3H-Uridine Incorporation and Messenger RNA Synthesis in Human Monocytes Activated to Secrete Alpha Interferon or Monocyte- Derived Fibroblast Growth Factor
Authors: Stevenson Henry C , Miller Paul , Huffer Teresa , Oldham Robert , Kanapa Dorothy J , Sen Arup
Published: January 2018

Human monocytes are multifaceted cells with a wide range of immunoregulatory functions and distinct secretory products. This manuscript reports on initial attempts to identify specific early macromolecular synthetic events associated with various types of human monocyte activation by observing the patterns of RNA synthesis displayed by human monocytes that are exposed to well characterized activating stimuli. It was found that muramyl dipeptide (MDP), an activator of monocyte-derived fibroblast growth factor (MD-FGF) release from monocytes, also stimulates a reproducible increase in human monocyte total 3H-uridine incorporation and cytoplasmic messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis at 4 h following activation. In contrast, polyriboinosinic acidrpolyribocytidilic acid (poly l:C), an excellent stimulator of monocyte alpha interferon (IFNa) release, did not cause a change in either 3H-uridine incorporation or cytoplasmic mRNA production at any of the time points tested. Poly l:C was also found to be a poor stimulator of MD-FGF release. Conversely, MDP did not stimulate any detectable IFN release from human monocytes. The discrepancy between the patterns of macromolecular synthesis observed in human monocytes activated to secrete MD-FGF as compared with IFN indicates that divergent postactivation control mechanisms may be operative at the RNA level in the monocyte following activation of these two distinct functions.
Effects of Recombinant Interferon-γ on HLA-DR Antigen Shedding by Human Peripheral Blood Adherent Mononuclear Cells
Authors: Gershon Harriet E , Kuang Yan-De , Scala Giuseppe , Oppenheim Joost J
Published: January 2018

Two reproducible and sensitive assays have been developed for the detection of cell-free HLA-DR antigen, an antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity inhibition assay (CIA) and a competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CELISA). One unit of cell-free HLA-DR antigen has been quantitated to be the equivalent of 27.5 ng pure DR antigen/ml. Human peripheral blood adherent mononuclear cells (PBAMC), as well as DR+ monocytes and B lymphoblastoid cell lines but not T lymphocytes, were observed to shed DR-bearing vesicles in vitro. Human recombinant IFN-γ induces the expression of Ia/DR antigen by PBAMC by increasing both the number of cells expressing DR antigen and the density per cell. After incubation with IFN-γ, PBAMC also shed significantly more DR antigen. The degree of DR expression and shedding is dependent on the dose of IFN-γ. The shedding of DR antigen occurred concomitantly with the inductive phase of cell membrane antigen expression, and very little DR antigen appeared in culture supernatants subsequent to the removal of IFN-γ. The possible physiologic significance of shed DR antigen is discussed.
A Macrophage-Derived Factor That Inhibits the Production and Action of Interleukin 2
Authors: Krakauer Teresa
Published: January 2018

The human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 produces an immunosuppressive factor that inhibits interleukin 1 (IL-1)-dependent proliferation of mouse thymocytes as well as the mitogenic effects of concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The mechanism of action of this factor includes interference with both the production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and its effects on target cells. Thus, the suppressor abrogates the proliferation of an IL-2-dependent cytotoxic T cell line (CTLL), but not of IL-2 independent cells like the L929 fibroblasts or the EL4 T lymphoma and U937 histiocytic lymphoma lines. It also suppresses IL-2 production by human peripheral blood enriched T cells and mouse splenocytes. The mediator has a molecular weight of 60,000–70,000 dalton, as determined by gel filtration chromatography, is heat labile, and is sensitive to trypsin, chymotrypsin, and protease.
Activation of Neutrophils by Antigen-Induced Lymphokine, With Emphasis on Antibody-Independent Cytotoxicity
Authors: Lukacs Katalin , Roth James A , Kaeberle Merlin L
Published: January 2018

Incubation of bovine neutrophils with antigen-stimulated mononuclear cell supernatant (lymphokine) caused an inhibition of neutrophil migration and an enhancement of the neutrophils' ability to adhere to plastic, reduce nitroblue tetrazolium, ingest Staphylococcus aureus, and mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against chicken erythrocytes.

Lymphokine-treated neutrophils also became cytotoxic for chicken, turkey and human erythrocytes in the absence of specific antibody but were not cytotoxic for bovine erythrocytes. The increase in antibody-independent neutrophil cytotoxicity (AINC) was not due to direct cytotoxic activity of the lymphokine or to a stable, soluble mediator released by the neutrophils. Enhancement of AINC, but not ADCC, required RNA and protein synthesis by the neutrophil.

These results indicate that several aspects of neutrophil function can be altered by products secreted by antigen-stimulated mononuclear cells and that neutrophils can be induced to recognize and to have increased cytotoxic activity toward heterologous erythrocytes.