bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrical and magneto-transport in the 2D semiconducting MXene Ti2CO2
Authors: Mandia Anup Kumar , Koshi Namitha Anna , Muralidharan Bhaskaran , Lee Seung-Cheol , Bhattacharjee Satadeep
Published: May 2022

The Hall scattering factor within Rode's iterative formalism.
Childhood Dysarthria: Auditory-Perceptual Profiles Against the Background of Typical Speech Motor Development
Authors: Schölderle Theresa , Haas Elisabet , Ziegler Wolfram
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to describe childhood dysarthria by means of auditory-perceptual analyses covering all speech subsystems. We aimed to identify the most seriously affected auditory-perceptual dimensions in the observed dysarthria profiles and to detect specific markers of childhood dysarthria against the backdrop of typical speech development. Moreover, the relationship between the speech disorder and other relevant aspects of multiple disability was investigated.

Method:

Thirty-one children with neurologic conditions were assessed with Bogenhausen Dysarthria Scales for Childhood Dysarthria, a German tool for the auditory-perceptual analysis of dysarthria in children. Nine relevant speech dimensions (
scales
, e.g., voice quality [VOQ]) and 29 individual symptoms (
features
, e.g., breathy) were evaluated. Moreover, we documented motor, communicative, and cognitive–linguistic measures (i.e., Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS], Communication Function Classification System [CFCS], Test for Reception of Grammar [TROG-D], and memory span). Recently published data from typically developing children were used for the purpose of age normalization.

Results:

Dysarthria severity was moderately correlated with GMFCS and CFCS but not with TROG-D and memory span. At the group level, respiration, articulation, and prosodic modulation were most severely affected, whereas voice function was only mildly affected or even spared in the majority of children. Four features were identified as most relevant markers of childhood dysarthria: conspicuous rhythm/stress pattern, hypernasality, strained–strangled voice, and reduced articulatory precision.

Conclusions:

Childhood dysarthria is part of a complex multiple disability, but speech motor skills may still dissociate from gross-motor and cognitive–linguistic functions. Auditory-perceptual analyses incorporating age norms allow for a comprehensive description and identification of childhood dysarthria.
Redefining prior feature space via finetuning a triplet network for few‐shot learning
Authors: Wu Jiaying , Hu Jinglu
Published: May 2022

Few‐shot learning is to distinguish novel concepts with few annotated data, which has attracted much attention due to its requirement of limited training data for target classes. Recent few‐shot learning methods usually pretrain a feature extractor with images from the base set to boost the performance of few‐shot tasks and classify novel categories in this prior feature space. However, it is difficult for the pretrained feature extractor to extract accurate representations for novel categories, resulting in large amounts of overlapping areas between new classes. To address these issues, the prior feature space with a triplet network to learn a more discriminative space is refined, where features belonging to same class are pulled together and that from different classes are pushed apart. Specifically, the authors first follow recent paradigm of pretraining to obtain a prior feature space. Then, a triplet network with contrastive learning is trained to project the features from this space into a low‐dimensional one. The main difference lies in that the authors’ model is based on Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) and the triplet network with hallucinated features is finetuned from it to make them generalise well to novel categories. Finally, the authors conduct classification tasks in the finetuned space. The authors’ intuition is that the overlapping areas in novel categories can be separated by finetuning the triplet network pretrained on base set with contrastive learning. Experimental results on four few‐shot benchmarks show that it significantly outperforms the baseline methods, improves around 1.09% ∼ 13.09% than the best results in each dataset on both 1‐ and 5‐shot tasks.
The stereo matching algorithm based on an improved adaptive support window
Authors: Qi Jiyang , Liu Liang
Published: May 2022

In binocular stereo matching, there has been a problem of low matching accuracy and noise immunity in discontinuous regions and weak‐textured regions. This paper proposes a stereo matching algorithm based on an improved adaptive support window. In the cost computation stage, first, according to the preset arm length and colour threshold, a cross‐based arm is obtained, which centres on the pixel to be matched; then the adaptive regions of the vertical arm and the horizontal arm are constructed respectively, which have different shape and size. Finally, the union of the two adaptive regions is used as the final support window of Census transform. Performance evaluations on Middlebury stereo data sets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms other seven most challenging stereo matching algorithms. The mismatching rate of this algorithm is greatly reduced, and the anti‐noise performance is also improved considerably. Because the construction of the adaptive region is based on strict criteria and comprehensive consideration, the algorithm proposed in the paper can improve the matching accuracy in the weak‐textured regions and discontinuous disparity regions.
Online vehicle trajectory compression algorithm based on motion pattern recognition
Authors: Zhang Kaixuan , Zhao Dongbao , Liu Wenkai
Published: May 2022

With the popularity of various portable mobile devices with positioning functions, a large amount of spatial‐temporal trajectory data has emerged. To effectively compress large‐scale vehicle trajectory data and serve intelligent transportation system, we propose a spatial‐temporal trajectory data compression algorithm based on vehicle motion pattern recognition. The algorithm recognizes vehicles' turning behaviour and variable speed behaviour during the driving process through the analysis of vehicle motion patterns, and extracts the trajectory's turning feature points and variable speed feature points, so as to achieve online compression of the vehicle trajectory. By means of large‐scale experimental datasets, the authors compare this algorithm with representative trajectory compression algorithms in various performance metrics. The experimental results indicate that as an online vehicle trajectory compression algorithm, the proposed algorithm is superior to representative compression algorithms in compression accuracy and computational efficiency, and the compression results can reflect semantic motion information such as turning patterns and variable speed patterns in the trajectory. Therefore, this algorithm has comprehensive advantages, which is foundational for trajectory data mining in intelligent transportation systems.
A heterogeneous accelerated simulation framework for wind field dynamic model
Authors: Li Bing , Zhao Haoran , Zhang Kunpeng
Published: May 2022

This paper proposes an efficient and extensible simulation framework for mid‐fidelity wind field model based on heterogeneous architecture. The wind field model consists of 3‐D wind inflow, wake dynamics, and wind turbine models. The CPU‐GPU heterogeneous platform accelerates the 3‐D wind inflow model simulation by performing large‐scale parallel computing based on GPU. The CPU is utilized to dispatch the simulation and perform serial computing. Compared with the conventional simulation tool, the simulation speed of the 3‐D wind inflow model is highly improved, which fulfils the requirement of the real‐time wind field simulation. The hardware architecture of the framework is designed to be highly extensible by multiple computing nodes for 3‐D wind inflow, wake dynamic, and wind turbine model. The extendability enables the ability for large‐scale wind field simulation with high efficiency. A 5  × 2  × 0.35  wind field consisting of three wind turbines is used as the case. The case study was conducted and analyzed, proving that the framework can capture the detailed wake dynamic, wind turbine dynamic, and wind inflow dynamic. Meanwhile, the calculation speed of disturbed wind speed increased by 264 times.
The transfer of polarized radiation in resonance lines with partial frequency redistribution, J-state interference, and arbitrary magnetic fields
Authors: Alsina Ballester E. , Belluzzi L. , Trujillo Bueno J.
Published: May 2022

Aims. We present the theoretical framework and numerical methods we have implemented to solve the problem of the generation and transfer of polarized radiation in spectral lines without assuming local thermodynamical equilibrium, while accounting for scattering polarization, partial frequency redistribution (due to both the Doppler effect and elastic collisions), J-state interference, and hyperfine structure. The resulting radiative transfer code allows one to model the impact of magnetic fields of an arbitrary strength and orientation through the Hanle, incomplete Paschen-Back, and magneto-optical effects. We also evaluate the suitability of a series of approximations for modeling the scattering polarization in the wings of strong resonance lines at a much lower computational cost, which is particularly valuable for the numerically intensive case of three-dimensional radiative transfer.

Methods. We examine the suitability of the considered approximations by using our radiative transfer code to model the Stokes profiles of the Mg  II h & k lines and of the H I Lyman-α line in magnetized one-dimensional models of the solar atmosphere.

Results. Neglecting Doppler redistribution in the scattering processes that are unperturbed by elastic collisions (i.e., treating them as coherent in the observer’s frame) produces a negligible error in the scattering polarization wings of the Mg II resonance lines and a minor one in the Lyman-α wings, although it is unsuitable to model the cores of these lines. For both lines, the scattering processes that are perturbed by elastic collisions only give a significant contribution to the intensity component of the emissivity. Neglecting collisional as well as Doppler redistribution (so that all scattering processes are coherent) represents a rough but suitable approximation for the wings of the Mg II resonance lines, but a very poor one for the Lyman-α wings. The magnetic sensitivity in the scattering polarization wings of the considered lines can be modeled by accounting for the magnetic field in only the ηI and ρV coefficients of the Stokes-vector transfer equation (i.e., using the zero-field expression for the emissivity).
Confirmation of a metallicity spread amongst first population stars in globular clusters
Authors: Lardo Carmela , Salaris Maurizio , Cassisi Santi , Bastian Nate
Published: May 2022

Stars in massive star clusters exhibit intrinsic variations in some light elements (the multiple populations phenomenon) that are difficult to explain in a fully coherent formation scenario. In recent years, high quality Hubble Space Telescope (HST) photometry has led to the characterisation of the global properties of these multiple populations in an unparalleled level of detail. In particular, the colour-(pseudo)colour diagrams known as ‘chromosome maps’ have been proven to be very efficient at separating cluster stars with a field-like metal abundance distribution (first population) from an object with distinctive light-element abundance anti-correlations (second population). The unexpected wide colour ranges covered by the first population group – traditionally considered to have a uniform chemical composition – in the chromosome maps of the majority of the investigated Galactic globular clusters have recently been attributed to intrinsic metallicity variations up to ∼0.30 dex from the study of subgiant branch stars in two metal-rich Galactic globular clusters by employing appropriate HST filter combinations. On the other hand, high-resolution spectroscopy of small samples of first populations stars in the globular clusters NGC 3201 and NGC 2808 – both displaying extended sequences of first population stars in their chromosome maps – have provided conflicting results thus far, with a spread of metal abundance detected in NGC 3201 but not in NGC 2808. We present here a new method that employs HST near-UV and optical photometry of red giant branch stars to confirm these recent results independently. Our approach was firstly validated using observational data for M 2, a globular cluster hosting a small group of first population stars with an enhanced (by ≃0.5 dex) metallicity with respect to the main component. We then applied our method to three clusters that cover a much larger metallicity range and that have well populated, extended first population sequences in their chromosome maps, namely M 92, NGC 2808, and NGC 6362. We confirm that metallicity spreads are present among first population stars in these clusters, thus solidifying the case for the existence of unexpected variations up to a factor of two of metal abundances in most globular clusters. We also confirm the complex behaviour of the mean metallicity (and metallicity range) differences between first and second population stars.
Stabilized finite elements for Tresca friction problem
Authors: Gustafsson Tom , Videman Juha
Published: May 2022

We formulate and analyze a Nitsche-type algorithm for frictional contact problems. The method is derived from, and analyzed as, a stabilized finite element method and shown to be quasi-optimal, as well as suitable as an adaptive scheme through an a posteriori error analysis. The a posteriori error indicators are validated in a numerical experiment.
Recent Progress on Transition-Metal-Mediated Reductive C(sp3)–O Bond Radical Addition and Coupling Reactions
Authors: Chen Yunrong , Gong Hegui , Cheng Li , Lin Quan
Published: May 2022

In this short review, we summarize the recent developments on thermo-driven C(sp3)–O bond radical scission methods and their applications in the construction of C(sp3)–C bonds via conjugate addition with activated double bonds and reductive coupling mediated by economic 3d metals, in particular nickel. We have arranged the review based on three approaches for C(sp3)–O bond radical scission (vide infra). After generating the radical intermediates, their subsequent transformation into C(sp3)–C bonds enabled by C(sp3)–O cross-electrophile coupling with carbon electrophiles is discussed in detail.

1 Introduction

2 Direct Single-Electron Transfer to a C(sp3)–O Bond

3 Radical Scission of Activated C(sp3)–O Bonds via Single-Electron Transfer to Protecting Groups

4 In Situ Activation of Alcohols

5 Summary and Outlook
The factorization ansatz for non-local approximations to the exchange–correlation hole
Authors: Cuierrier Etienne , Roy Pierre-Olivier , Ernzerhof Matthias
Published: May 2022

Among the various types of approximations to the exchange–correlation energy (EXC), the completely non-local approach is one of the lesser explored approximation schemes. It has not yet reached the predictive power of the widely used generalized gradient approximations, meta-generalized gradient approximations, hybrids, etc. In non-local functionals pursued here, the electron density at every point in space is employed to express the exchange–correlation energy per particle ϵXC(r) at a given position r. Here, we use the non-local, spherical-averaged density ρ(r,u)=∫dΩu4πρ(r+u) as a starting point to construct approximate exchange–correlation holes through the factorization ansatz ρXC(r, u) = f(r, u)ρ(r, u). We present upper and lower bounds to the exchange energy per particle ϵX(r) in terms of ρ(r, u). The factor f(r, u) is then designed to satisfy various conditions that represent important exchange and correlation effects. We assess the resulting approximations and find that the complex, oscillatory structure of ρ(r, u) makes the construction of a corresponding f(r, u) very challenging. This conclusion, identifying the main issue of the non-local approximation, is supported by a detailed analysis of the resulting exchange–correlation holes.
New advances in solid-state pulse generator based on magnetic switches
Authors: Yuan Qi , Deng Zichen , Ding Weidong , Wang Yanan , Wu Jiawei
Published: May 2022

Pulsed power technology is gradually forming a development trend of civil-military integration, which puts forward more requirements for pulsed power generators. This paper takes magnetic switches (MSs) as the starting point and reviews recent advancements in pulse generators based on MSs. First, the working mechanism of the MS “rapid inductance drop after magnetic core saturation” is analyzed. Second, the basic uses of MSs are introduced with specific examples, namely, magnetic compression unit, saturated pulse transformer, and magnetic delay switches. Then, the typical topologies of pulse generators based on MSs are discussed, including transmission line, Marx, Fitch, linear transformer driver, and semiconductor opening switch pumping circuits. These circuits’ technical characteristics and parameter levels are highlighted. Finally, the existing problems and future development trends of MS-based solid-state pulse generators are discussed.
The measurement of carbon density profile using charge exchange spectroscopy in KSTAR
Authors: Lee J. K. , Lee H. H. , Ko W. H. , Na B. , Ko J. , Lee M. W. , Lee S. G.
Published: May 2022

The first measurement of the impurity density profile via charge exchange spectroscopy (CES) has been successfully achieved in KSTAR. Since the neutral beam density profile is essential for the measurement, the neutral beam penetration code that was originally developed for the Alcator C-mod tokamak has been optimized for the KSTAR experimental environment. The method of the impurity density measurement by the KSTAR CES system is introduced and the sensitivity analysis of various physical parameters, such as the effective charge in the estimation of the impurity density, is performed to examine the validation of the method. This method has been applied to measure the C6+ density profile affected by the resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs), which is mainly used to suppress the edge localized modes (ELMs) in KSTAR. The dynamics of the C6+ density profile represent that the C6+ density decreases immediately after the application of RMPs but recovers soon during the ELM-suppressed phase.
Elastic wave propagation in a single-layered hexagonal boron nitride metamaterial
Authors: Jing Yabin , Wang Lifeng
Published: May 2022

Wave propagation in a single-layered hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) metamaterial is investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and the finite element method (FEM). The molecular model for a single-layered h-BN metamaterial is established. The transmission performance of elastic waves in metamaterials is simulated by the MD method. The MD simulation results show that the metamaterial has an elastic wave bandgap in the frequency range of THz. The edge states in the bandgap region are found by the MD method and FEM, and the wave propagation is confined to the boundary only. The results obtained by the FEM roughly agree with those of MD simulations. The difference in the bonding structures between the atoms at the boundary and interior of the metamaterial results in the differences between the FEM and MD results. The size effect on the bandgap structure is studied by comparing the transmission curves of the metamaterial with different unit cell sizes. The size effect becomes more substantial with decreasing feature size of the metamaterial. This work can be helpful for the vibration suppression of nanoelectromechanical systems.
Establishing temperature from radiance of dynamically compressed metals
Authors: Hartsfield T. M. , Dolan D. H.
Published: May 2022

Precise temperature determination is a significant challenge in extreme environments of dynamic compression studies. How can radiance measurements taken in high-pressure shock experiments constrain temperature in a meaningful and physically consistent way? Experiments maintaining sample compression against a transparent window can be tailored to present a uniform measurement area with uncertain spectral emissivity. We compare several methods to analyze radiance collected at multiple wavelengths, applying statistical methods and physical principles to improve temperature inference. With proper radiance collection and analysis, dynamic temperature uncertainties become comparable to thermomechanical ambiguities of the emitting surface.
Angle selective piezoelectric strain-controlled magnetization switching in artificial spin ice based multiferroic system
Authors: Chaurasiya Avinash , Anand Manish , Singh Rawat Rajdeep
Published: May 2022

The prospect of electrically controlled writing of ferromagnetic bits is highly desirable for developing scalable and energy-efficient spintronics devices. In this direction, various efforts have been made to achieve electrically controlled magnetization switching utilizing an artificial multiferroic system. To date, the magnetization switching has been realized in a diverse nanopatterned magnetic system. However, the demonstration of electric field-induced strain-controlled magnetization switching in artificial spin ice (ASI) coupled with a piezoelectric material is still unexplored. In the present work, we perform micromagnetic simulations to investigate the electric field-induced strain-mediated magnetization switching in an ASI based multiferroic system. Here, the piezoelectric strain-controlled magnetization switching has been studied by applying the electric-field pulse at different angles with respect to the axes of the system. Remarkably, magnetization switches by 180° only if the external electric-field pulse is applied at some specific angles, close to the anisotropy axis of the system (≈30°–60°). Our detailed analysis of the demagnetization energy variation reveals that the energy barrier becomes antisymmetric in such cases, facilitating complete magnetization reversal. Moreover, we have also proposed a possible magnetization reversal mechanism with two sequential electric-field pulses of a relatively smaller magnitude. We believe that the present work could pave the way for a future ASI-based multiferroic system for scalable magnetic field-free low power spintronics devices.
Design considerations for diode-based nonlinear transmission lines
Authors: Gardner Nicholas , Durbhakula Kalyan , Caruso Anthony
Published: May 2022

Diode-based nonlinear transmission lines (D-NLTL) are a class of pulse shaping networks capable of increasing the discrete spectral content of a pulse at high volumetric power density. However, a systematic design procedure for D-NLTLs is lacking, limiting their prototyping, evaluation, production, and adoption. To produce a D-NLTL design approach, parameters for UHF band (0.3–1 GHz) frequency generation are presented as a function of the input excitation pulse, network topology, and sub-components’ reactive value. Excitation pulse amplitude is found to have a strong effect on center frequency (fc), max frequency (fBragg), peak power (Ppeak), and RF power conversion efficiency (ηRF). In general, when cell inductance is decreased, both fc and signal propagation velocity are increased. The results are then presented as an example to design, build, test, and compare a 40-cell D-NLTL whose measured fc and fBragg are 256 and 446 MHz, respectively. Finally, we used the parameter space study results and empirical validation to present controllable waveform design rules-of-thumb.
Bifurcation-driven vertical plasma displacement
Authors: Kiramov D. I. , Breizman B. N.
Published: May 2022

This paper considers vertical plasma motion resulting from plasma current decay during the disruption event. The presented filament-based model describes the motion in the ideal wall limit as an adiabatically slow evolution of the plasma equilibrium. The equilibrium exhibits a pitchfork bifurcation when the decaying plasma current passes a critical value determined by the external magnetic field. This bifurcation affects the disruption-induced mechanical loads on the first wall.
A local mode study of ring puckering effects in the infrared spectra of cyclopentane
Authors: Sibert Edwin L. , Bernath Peter F.
Published: May 2022

We report and interpret recently recorded high-resolution infrared spectra for the fundamentals of the CH2 scissors and CH stretches of gas phase cyclopentane at −26.1 and −50 °C, respectively. We extend previous theoretical studies of this molecule, which is known to undergo barrierless pseudorotation due to ring puckering, by constructing local mode Hamiltonians of the stretching and scissor vibrations for which the frequencies, couplings, and linear dipoles are calculated as functions of the pseudorotation angle using B3LYP/6-311++(d,p) and MP2/cc-pVTZ levels of theory. Symmetrization (D5h) of the vibrational basis sets leads to simple vibration/pseudorotation Hamiltonians whose solutions lead to good agreement with the experiment at medium resolution, but which miss interesting line fractionation when compared to the high-resolution spectra. In contrast to the scissor motion, pseudorotation leads to significant state mixing of the CH stretches, which themselves are Fermi coupled to the scissor overtones.
Minimal error partially resolving simulation methods for turbulent flows: A dynamic machine learning approach
Authors: Heinz Stefan
Published: May 2022

A significant extension of previously introduced continuous eddy simulation methods is presented by introducing minimal error partially and fully resolving simulation methods for turbulent flows. This approach represents a machine learning strategy for the hybridization of modeling-focused and resolution-focused simulation methods. It can be applied to well-known equation structures (Spalart–Allmaras type equations, usually applied two-equation models), and it can be used for different hybridization types and in different computational versions. Physically, minimal error methods implement a mode interplay, which ensures that the resolution imposed by a model equals the actual flow resolution. Differently formulated simulation methods reveal two typical errors, and they cannot be expected to provide reliable predictions under conditions where validation data are unavailable. These problems can be avoided by minimal error formulations of model structures considered.
Autophagy in PDGFRα+ mesenchymal cells is essential for intestinal stem cell survival
Authors: Yang Yang , Gomez Maria , Marsh Timothy , Poillet-Perez Laura , Sawant Akshada , Chen Lei , Park Noel R. , Jackson S. RaElle , Hu Zhixian , Alon Noa , Liu Chen , Debnath Jayanta , Guan Jun-Lin , Davidson Shawn , Verzi Michael , White Eileen
Published: May 2022

Significance

Autophagy defects are a risk factor for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), but the mechanism remains unknown. We show here that conditional whole-body deletion of
Atg5
or
Fip200
, but not
Atg7
, is lethal due to loss of ileum stem cells and barrier function likely caused by different kinetics of autophagy loss, which was rescued by slow deletion. Specific autophagy loss in PDGFRα+ mesenchymal cells (PMCs) resulted in loss of Wnt signaling responsible for failed stem cell renewal. We also observed depletion of aspartate and nucleotides throughout the ileum. Our results illustrate that autophagy is required for PMC metabolism and survival necessary to sustain intestinal stem cells and mouse survival, and failure to maintain PMCs through autophagy contributes to IBD.
The persuasive potential of metaphor when framing Mexican migrants and migration
Authors: De Backer Laurence , Enghels Renata
Published: May 2022

Research into the persuasive quality of metaphor has a long standing tradition, with the topic of migration embodying one of its pet discourse genres. Yet, only few studies have recognized the existence of identical metaphors occurring across the ideological divide. The present paper explores the way in which three US-based news outlets with broadly different group alignments and overall attitudes in relation to the issue of migration wield metaphor to frame the Mexican migration debate in the US. The data suggests that, contrary to what one might expect, the mayor point of variation between these news instances does not consist in a predilection for idiosyncratic source domains. Rather, the three news sources appear to diverge most significantly in their situational use of similar metaphors. On a methodological plane, this case study illustrates the necessity of inspecting metaphor frames more closely, attending to their semantic roles and broader context, if we want to make assertions about the ideological implications and potential social impact of metaphor on public opinion formation. On a social and theoretical level, it sheds light on the ways in which these three news outlets employ metaphors to construct the social identity of ‘Mexican migrants’ living in the US in line with their stance on the matter, and to a possibly persuasive effect.
Rabbit reproduction.
Authors: Lukefahr Steven D. , McNitt James I. , Cheeke Peter R. , Patton Nephi M.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the processes and the major hormones involved in reproduction. Special emphasis has been placed on those aspects that are of direct concern to the rabbit producer. Readers wishing more detailed information regarding this topic are directed to books that deal specifically with reproductive physiology.
Arterial pressure pulse wave separation analysis using a multi-Gaussian decomposition model
Authors: Manoj Rahul , Raj Kiran V , Nabeel P M , Sivaprakasam Mohanasankar , Joseph Jayaraj
Published: May 2022

Objective. Methods for separating the forward–backward components from blood pulse waves rely on simultaneously measured pressure and flow velocity from a target artery site. Modelling approaches for flow velocity simplify the wave separation analysis (WSA), providing a methodological and instrumentational advantage over the former; however, current methods are limited to the aortic site. In this work, a multi-Gaussian decomposition (MGD) modelled WSA (MGDWSA) is developed for a non-aortic site such as the carotid artery. While the model is an adaptation of the existing wave separation theory, it does not rely on the information of measured or modelled flow velocity. Approach. The proposed model decomposes the arterial pressure waveform using weighted and shifted multi-Gaussians, which are then uniquely combined to yield the forward (P
F(t)) and backward (P
B(t)) pressure wave. A study using the database of healthy (virtual) subjects was used to evaluate the performance of MGDWSA at the carotid artery and was compared against reference flow-based WSA methods. Main results. The MGD modelled pressure waveform yielded a root-mean-square error (RMSE) < 0.35 mmHg. Reliable forward–backward components with a group average RMSE <2.5 mmHg for P
F(t) and P
B(t) were obtained. When compared with the reference counterparts, the pulse pressures (ΔP
F and ΔP
B), as well as reflection quantification indices, showed a statistically significant strong correlation (r > 0.96, p < 0.0001) and (r > 0.83, p < 0.0001) respectively, with an insignificant (p > 0.05) bias. Significance. This study reports WSA for carotid pressure waveforms without assumptions on flow conditions. The proposed method has the potential to adapt and widen the vascular health assessment techniques incorporating pulse wave dynamics.
Novel module architecture for wideband multichannel multi band down conversion with built in Local oscillators
Authors: Pattar Madiwalesh , Anand Gaurav
Published: May 2022

Wide band down converters employed in the field of electronic warfare (EW) process multiple channels simultaneously and in each channel RF signal is split and processed in multi bands. In each channel, RF signal ranging from L to C Band is split into three bands as L, S & C Bands. L Band is directly processed S & C Bands are down converted to identical Intermediate frequency (IF) in UHF to L Band using two different local oscillators (LOs) generated internally. Local Oscillator with low Phase Noise did not introduce jitter on RF input. Module architecture described here is for four channels, extendable to multiple channels.
Design of enhanced gain patch antenna at 2.4 GHz and 3.5 GHz for wireless application
Authors: Azeman Mohammad Addad , Malek Norun Abdul , Mohammad Sarah Yasmin , Ghazali Mohd Ifwat Mohd
Published: May 2022

In this work, the analysis of patch antenna design at the resonant frequency of 2.4 GHz and 3.5 GHz are presented. Both proposed antennas made of RT Duroid 5880 are designed and simulated using CST Studio Suite software. The antennas are designed, and their performances are examined. The antennas have been designed based on the size improvement technique to improve the fabrication tolerance. The characteristics of both antennas’ including return loss, radiation pattern, surface current and directivity or gain were compared. The optimization of patch measurement to achieve the desired resonant frequency were also displayed.
Model of galactic cosmic ray spectrum above the Earth’s atmosphere
Authors: Buchvarova M , Draganov D
Published: May 2022

Galactic cosmic ray transport in the heliosphere is described by the well-known Parker transport equation. In 1969, Fisk and Axford [1] presented approximate analytical solutions to the cosmic ray transport equation. One of their solutions was later used to construct useful semi-empirical models describing the energy spectra of charged particles during the solar cycle. In this paper, a simplified model of the galactic cosmic ray spectrum is presented. The model can be used to describe the galactic spectra of protons and helium nuclei during the 11-year solar cycle in interplanetary space at about 1 AU.
Ofine noise calibration of the CAEN V1742 ADCs at the PADME experiment
Authors: Georgiev for the PADME collaboration Georgi
Published: May 2022

This work aims to provide robust methods for ofine calibration of the noise foor for CAEN’s V1742 sampling ADCs, used at the PADME experiment. It has been found that a part of the noise in the fnal signals originates from not fully equalized storage capacitor properties in the DRS4 chip, even after application of the CAEN’s proprietary drs4 calibration. Two approaches to ofine equalization are discussed and fnally two methods are proposed for obtaining the calibration data from random and physics trigger runs.
PADME physics program
Authors: Simeonov Radoslav
Published: May 2022

The complete nature of the dark matter stays unsolved in the terms of the Standard Model. A possible solution suggests complete new class of particles which participate in interactions with Standard Model particles via newly introduced mediators, the so called portals. The Positron Annihilation into Dark Matter Experiment (PADME) aims to observe indirectly one of these portals — the dark photon A’, through the reaction e++ e- —> γ + A’. Two data acquisition runs were already performed in order to study detectors behavior, background levels and mainly to throw light in the A’ mass region for 2 - 23.7 MeV/c .
Ventilated façade solutions
Authors: Baciu I-R , Isopescu D N , Lupu M L , Maxineasa S G , Pruna L , Dan S
Published: May 2022

Reducing the energy consumption needed for creating suitable indoor conditions has become a significant issue on a global scale. The building’s envelope and service systems have the most important influence over the amount of energy consumed. This aspect is related to reducing the heat flux across the building envelope in summer conditions and preventing the condensation and infiltration risk in the winter period. The research regarding ventilated façades has advanced taking into account these advantages, which emphasized the need to study and create constructive solutions adapted to the conditions. In this context, this paper represents a brief introduction to ventilated façades solutions, taking into account the definition, their characteristics, the principal constructive elements, the main types of ventilated facades, and last, but not least, their advantages and disadvantages. The authors believe that the study is critical in fully comprehending the characteristics of these systems and their primary components, as well as designing and implementing them in accordance with current environmental needs. It is anticipated that comprehending this concept, as well as its evolution and trends, can contribute in the resolving of a number of ecological and societal issues.
Study on quality detection of stone surface
Authors: Liu W , Zhao M , Shang H
Published: May 2022

With the continuous improvement for the safety of stone installation, the quality detection of its machined surface is also improving. But its surface crack was always a difficult problem in detection. In recent years, with the rapid development of image processing technology a new method to solve this problem can be realized. In this paper, CCD camera was used to detect the surface crack and roughness of stone slabs. The research about image correction and image enhancement was carried, so as to eliminate noise and protect the crack edge in the greatest extent. The improved threshold segmentation algorithm was used to segment image of linear fracture filtering. Mathematical morphology was applied to refinement of single pixel of crack in order to gain crack size. The CCD camera and micro lens are assembled as image sensors to enlarge the surface of stone and take a sample by many taking pictures. The surface profile of the tested stone slab is obtained by reconstruction method, and the surface roughness of stone slab is finally obtained by analysis and calculation. Through this research, a fast detection technology was realized, which solves the problems of low processing efficiency and high cost in production. The result shows certain theoretical value and practical application significance.
State-of-the-Art Review: Evidence on Red Meat Consumption and Hypertension Outcomes
Authors: Allen Tara Shrout , Bhatia Harpreet S , Wood Alexis C , Momin Shabnam R , Allison Matthew A
Published: May 2022

Hypertension (HTN) is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including ischemic heart disease, stroke, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. The prevalence of HTN, as well as mortality rates attributable to HTN, continue to increase, particularly in the United States and among Black populations. The risk of HTN involves a complex interaction of genetics and modifiable risk factors, including dietary patterns. In this regard, there is accumulating evidence that links dietary intake of red meat with a higher risk of poorly controlled blood pressure and HTN. However, research on this topic contains significant methodological limitations, which are described in the review. The report provided below also summarizes the available research reports, with an emphasis on processed red meat consumption and how different dietary patterns among certain populations may contribute to HTN-related health disparities. Finally, this review outlines potential mechanisms and provides recommendations for providers to counsel patients with evidence-based nutritional approaches regarding red meat and the risk of HTN, as well as CVD morbidity and mortality.
HOXA10 promote pancreatic cancer progression via directly activating canonical NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Li Jiao , Chang Jing , Wang Jinghan , Xu Dapeng , Yang Minwei , Jiang Yongsheng , Zhang Junfeng , Jiang Xiaohua , Sun Yongwei
Published: May 2022

Background

Although transcription factor homeobox A10 (HOXA10) plays an important role in regulating the development of the pancreas, a pathway of HOXA10 participates in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression has not been revealed.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry assays were applied to demonstrate the relationship between HOXA10 expression and PDAC progression. Functional assays were used to illustrate the oncogenic role of HOXA10 in PDAC progression. Regulatory mechanisms of HOXA10 induced IKKβ gene transcription and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathways activation were also investigated in PDAC cells.

Results

In the current study, we show that HOXA10 expression increased in PDAC with higher tumor stage and poor patient survival in public RNA-seq data suggesting HOXA10 is associated with PDAC progression. HOXA10 promotes PDAC cell proliferation, anchorage colony formation, and xenograft growth by activating canonical NF-κB signaling both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, HOXA10 up-regulates IKKβ gene transcription directly and subsequently sustain the activation of NF-κB independent of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in PDAC cells.

Conclusion

Collectively, up-regulation of HOXA10 gene expression promote cell growth and tumor progression through directly activating canonical NF-κB signaling in PDAC.
Gestational age-related changes in the fetal functional connectome: in utero evidence for the global signal
Authors: Kim Jung-Hoon , De Asis-Cruz Josepheen , Cook Kevin M , Limperopoulos Catherine
Published: May 2022

The human brain begins to develop in the third gestational week and rapidly grows and matures over the course of pregnancy. Compared to fetal structural neurodevelopment, less is known about emerging functional connectivity in utero. Here, we investigated gestational age (GA)-associated in vivo changes in functional brain connectivity during the second and third trimesters in a large dataset of 110 resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans from a cohort of 95 healthy fetuses. Using representational similarity analysis, a multivariate analytical technique that reveals pair-wise similarity in high-order space, we showed that intersubject similarity of fetal functional connectome patterns was strongly related to between-subject GA differences (r = 0.28, P < 0.01) and that GA sensitivity of functional connectome was lateralized, especially at the frontal area. Our analysis also revealed a subnetwork of connections that were critical for predicting age (mean absolute error = 2.72 weeks); functional connectome patterns of individual fetuses reliably predicted their GA (r = 0.51, P < 0.001). Lastly, we identified the primary principal brain network that tracked fetal brain maturity. The main network showed a global synchronization pattern resembling global signal in the adult brain.
Spatial transcriptomics unveils ZBTB11 as a regulator of cardiomyocyte degeneration in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Boogerd Cornelis J , Lacraz Grégory P A , Vértesy Ábel , van Kampen Sebastiaan J , Perini Ilaria , de Ruiter Hesther , Versteeg Danielle , Brodehl Andreas , van der Kraak Petra , Giacca Mauro , de Jonge Nicolaas , Junker Jan Philipp , van Oudenaarden Alexander , Vink Aryan , van Rooij Eva
Published: May 2022

Aims

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited cardiac disorder that is characterized by progressive loss of myocardium that is replaced by fibro-fatty cells, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. While myocardial degeneration and fibro-fatty replacement occur in specific locations, the underlying molecular changes remain poorly characterized. Here, we aim to delineate local changes in gene expression to identify new genes and pathways that are relevant for specific remodelling processes occurring during ACM.

Methods and results

Using Tomo-Seq, genome-wide transcriptional profiling with high spatial resolution, we created transmural epicardial-to-endocardial gene expression atlases of explanted ACM hearts to gain molecular insights into disease-driving processes. This enabled us to link gene expression profiles to the different regional remodelling responses and allowed us to identify genes that are potentially relevant for disease progression. In doing so, we identified distinct gene expression profiles marking regions of cardiomyocyte degeneration and fibro-fatty remodelling and revealed Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 11 (ZBTB11) to be specifically enriched at sites of active fibro-fatty replacement of myocardium. Immunohistochemistry indicated ZBTB11 to be induced in cardiomyocytes flanking fibro-fatty areas, which could be confirmed in multiple cardiomyopathy patients. Forced overexpression of ZBTB11 induced autophagy and cell death-related gene programmes in human cardiomyocytes, leading to increased apoptosis.

Conclusion

Our study shows the power of Tomo-Seq to unveil new molecular mechanisms in human cardiomyopathy and uncovers ZBTB11 as a novel driver of cardiomyocyte loss.
Soil and water pollution and human health: what should cardiologists worry about?
Authors: Münzel Thomas , Hahad Omar , Daiber Andreas , Landrigan Philip J
Published: May 2022

Healthy soil is foundational to human health. Healthy soil is needed to grow crops, provides food, and sustains populations. It supports diverse ecosystems and critical ecological services such as pollination. It stores water and prevents floods. It captures carbon and slows global climate change. Soil pollution is a great and growing threat to human health. Soil may be polluted by heavy metals, organic chemicals such as pesticides, biological pathogens, and micro/nanoplastic particles. Pollution reduces soil’s ability to yield food. It results in food crop contamination and disease. Soil pollutants wash into rivers causing water pollution. Deforestation causes soil erosion, liberates sequestered pollutants, and generates airborne dust. Pollution of air, water, and soil is responsible for at least 9 million deaths each year. More than 60% of pollution-related disease and death is due to cardiovascular disease. Recognizing the importance of pollution to human health, the European Commission and the EU Action Plan for 2050: A Healthy Planet for All, have determined that air, water, and soil pollution must be reduced to levels that cause no harm to human or ecosystem health. We are thus required to create a toxic-free environment, respect the concept of a safe operating space for humanity, and sustain the health of our planet for future generations. This review article summarizes current knowledge of the links between soil health and human health and discusses the more important soil pollutants and their health effects.
Targeted temperature management after out of hospital cardiac arrest: quo vadis?
Authors: Krychtiuk Konstantin A , Fordyce Christopher B , Hansen Carolina M , Hassager Christian , Jentzer Jacob C , Menon Venu , Perman Sarah M , van Diepen Sean , Granger Christopher B
Published: May 2022

Targeted temperature management (TTM) has become a cornerstone in the treatment of comatose post-cardiac arrest patients over the last two decades. Belief in the efficacy of this intervention for improving neurologically intact survival was based on two trials from 2002, one truly randomized-controlled and one small quasi-randomized trial, without clear confirmation of that finding. Subsequent large randomized trials reported no difference in outcomes between TTM at 33 vs. 36°C and no benefit of TTM at 33°C as compared with fever control alone. Given that these results may help shape post-cardiac arrest patient care, we sought to review the history and rationale as well as trial evidence for TTM, critically review the TTM2 trial, and highlight gaps in knowledge and research needs for the future. Finally, we provide contemporary guidance for the use of TTM in daily clinical practice.