bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collaborative idea exchange and material tinkering influence families’ creative engineering practices and products during engineering programs in informal learning environments
Authors: Kim Soo Hyeon , Zimmerman Heather Toomey
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate how families’ sociomaterial experiences in engineering programs held in libraries and a museum influence their creative engineering practices and the creativity expressed in their products derived from their inquiry-driven engineering activities.

Design/methodology/approach

This research project takes a naturalistic inquiry using qualitative and quantitative analyses based on video records from activities of 31 parent–child pairs and on creativity assessment of products that used littleBits as prototyping tools.

Findings

Families engaged in two sociomaterial experiences related to engineering – collaborative idea exchange and ongoing generative tinkering with materials – which supported the emergence of novel ideas and feasible solutions during the informal engineering programs. Families in the high novelty score group experienced multiple instances of collaborative idea exchange and ongoing generative tinkering with materials, co-constructed through parent-child collaboration, that were expansive toward further idea and solution generation. Families in the low novelty score group experienced brief collaborative idea exchange and material tinkering with specific idea suggestions and high involvement from the parent. An in-depth case study of one family further illustrated that equal engagement by the parent and child as they tinkered with the technology supported families’ creative engineering practices.

Originality/value

This analysis adds to the information sciences and learning sciences literatures with an account that integrates methodologies from sociocultural and engineering design research to understand the relationship between families’ engagement in creative engineering practices and their products. Implications for practitioners include suggestions for designing spaces to support families’ collaborative idea exchange and ongoing generative tinkering to facilitate the development of creative engineering practices during short-term engineering programs.
Does “CHALTA HAI”culture negatively impacts sustainability of business firms in India? An empirical investigation
Authors: Chatterjee Sheshadri , Chaudhuri Ranjan , Vrontis Demetris , Thrassou Alkis
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Chalta hai (it is fine or it is acceptable) is an Indian cultural phenomenon that influences attitude towards work and business and diachronically adversely affects both. The purpose of this study is to explore its impact on the sustainability of business firms operating in India.

Design/methodology/approach

The research has firstly undertaken a theoretical study towards the development of appropriate hypotheses and a corresponding conceptual model, with emphasis on the effects of chalta hai culture as a moderator of the predictor-sustainability linkages. The model has been validated statistically through partial least square- structural equation modelling analysis of usable feedbacks from 349 respondents.

Findings

The research has concluded that the cultural notion of chalta hai impacts adversely the sustainability of business firms operating in India, with its effects being dominant.

Research limitations/implications

The research has scholarly and executive implications, as well as socio-cultural implications. The sample, however, allows for conclusions to be drawn reliably but with limited generalizability. Additionally, only three predictors have been considered, bestowing upon future research the task of building on the present model through additional pertinent predictors and boundary conditions that will enhance its explanative power.

Practical implications

The research has provided a scientifically developed model that guides Indian firm managers through appropriate steps that dissuade stakeholders from exhibiting the behavioural traits and attitudes of chalta hai culture, highlighting along the way its detrimental effects on Indian business sustainability.

Originality/value

There is little research on the business impacts of chalta hai and regarding the sustainability perspective/focus. In addition, this is in sharp contrast to the spread and impact of the phenomenon. This research and its findings, therefore, are valuable with regard to both their wider context (“chalta hai” business effects) and their specific focus (sustainability).
The legal framework for the Syrian urban reconstruction
Authors: Porras-Gómez Antonio-Martín
Published: June 2021

Purpose

As the Syrian civil war winds down, the massive reconstruction of the devastated cities has become a recurring subject of political and scientific discussions. A crucial question pervades all these debates: is the current legal framework adequate for confronting the reconstruction challenges in an effective way? With the purpose of understanding and informing the question, this study aims to analyze the most important legal instrument for the Syrian urban reconstruction, Law 10/2018.

Design/methodology/approach

A functional analysis of the legal text and of its effective implementation is provided. Following a doctrinal legal approach, internal inconsistencies are highlighted, as well as possible “legal gaps” that might allow and favor instances of disrespect of the rule of law and regulatory capture.

Findings

The main hypotheses discussed are, first, from a descriptive-analytical perspective, that the neoliberal trend in the Syrian political economy underpins the legal framework for the Syrian reconstruction. Second, from a design perspective, that, while offering a strong mechanism for disciplining the Syrian urban planning, Law 10/2018 does not warrant a scenario of respect of the rule of law and seems too easy prey for regulatory capture.

Originality/value

While the most recent and prominent legal instrument aimed to frame Syrian post-war reconstruction, Law 10/2018, has been subject to multiple policy analyzes and critiques, these have focused almost exclusively on its presumed warchitecture dimension, lacking contextual depth and, most worryingly, ignoring any kind of doctrinal legal analysis. Setting the Law 10/2018 in its legal context is something that has not been done yet, even if, according to their own ontology, legal provisions have to be understood within the context of the legal system they are inserted in. This paper delves into the subject, analyzing the legal text, its juridical context and the way it has been interpreted by the administrative decision-maker while looking at instances where the axiological goals constitutionally proclaimed and legally enshrined might be prevented by the very regulatory configuration.
Clinical features, management, and outcome of hemodialysis patients with SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Sahin Burcın , Kose Sennur , Eren Gulhan , Yoruk Gulsen
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical features of the patients on HD with COVID‐19 and determine the prognostic factors. In this single‐center prospective study, a total of 58 chronic renal failure patients on HD and diagnosed COVID‐19 infection were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into two groups according to their need for intensive care unit referral. Demographic features of the patients, clinical manifestations, laboratory data, treatments, and clinical outcome were evaluated. The mean age of 58 HD patients was 63.2 ± 13.8 (30–93) years and female–male ratio was 0.34. SARS‐CoV2‐PCR positivity rate was 32.8%. 85.2% of patients (n = 46) had bilateral lesions and 14.8% (n = 8) had unilateral one lesion in chest CT. The most common symptoms were fatigue (in 44 patients, 80%) and dyspnea (in 31 patients, 56.4%). The most common comorbidity was HT (in 37 patients, 67.3%). The patients who need intensive care and died were older (p = 0.015). We observed lower platelet and eosinophil counts, potassium levels, higher AST, troponin and CRP levels in the group of patients who need intensive care and died than the group who survived (p = 0.043, 0.005, 0.033, 0.007, 0.001, <0.001, respectively). 15.5% of the patients (n = 9) were transferred to intensive care unit. Among them, two were discharged with cure and seven patients died. Mortality rate was 12.1%. Older age, lower platelet and eosinophil counts and higher AST, troponin and CRP levels were prognostic risk factors in our HD patients who needed intensive care.
Randomized phase 2 study comparing irinotecan versus amrubicin as maintenance therapy after first‐line induction therapy for extensive disease small cell lung cancer (HOT1401/NJLCG1401)
Authors: Tanaka Hisashi , Hasegawa Yukihiro , Fujita Yuka , Nakamura Atsushi , Kikuchi Eiki , Kawai Yasutaka , Harada Toshiyuki , Watanabe Naomi , Yokouchi Hiroshi , Usui Kazuhiro , Saito Ryota , Watanabe Hiroshi , Masuda Tomomi , Fukuhara Tatsuro , Kudo Keita , Honda Ryoichi , Oizimi Satoshi , Maemondo Makoto , Inoue Akira , Morikawa Naoto
Published: June 2021

Background

A cisplatin plus irinotecan (CPT‐11) regimen is used for patients with extensive disease small cell lung cancer (ED‐SCLC). Amrubicin (AMR) is primarily used for relapsed SCLC. The HOT1401/NJLCG1401 trial, an open‐label randomized phase II trial, was designed to assess the benefit of maintenance therapy in patients with ED‐SCLC who responded to induction therapy.

Methods

Patients with histologically‐ or cytologically‐confirmed ED‐SCLC were included and were treated with an induction therapy of four cycles of cisplatin (60 mg/m2 on day 1) plus CPT‐11 (60 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15) every four weeks. After induction therapy, patients who had nonprogressive disease were randomized to receive either maintenance CPT‐11 (60 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8) every three weeks, or AMR (35 mg/m2 on days 1–3) every three weeks.

Results

A total of 34 patients were enrolled; 20 patients had progressive disease or received incomplete induction chemotherapy. Finally, 14 patients were randomly assigned to receive CPT‐11 (n = 7) or AMR (n = 7). This study was terminated prematurely because of low patient accrual. The overall objective response rate was 73%, the median PFS was 5.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.6–11.8), and the median overall survival was 20.1 months (95% CI: 13.7–not reached). No statistically significant difference in progression‐free survival (PFS) were noted between patients treated with CPT‐11 and those treated with AMR. There were no treatment‐related deaths in this study.

Conclusions

Maintenance therapy with CPT‐11 or AMR after induction therapy might be effective in some patients.
A seven‐year study of the response of woodland birds to a large‐scale wildfire and the role of proximity to unburnt habitat
Authors: Murphy Michael J. , Jones Hugh A. , Koen Terry
Published: June 2021

Fire is a major ecological driver in many Australian ecosystems, and large‐scale wildfires can impact on faunal assemblages at a landscape scale. Monitoring the response of the avian community and individual bird species following a 92 039 ha wildfire in the Pilliga Forest, in temperate inland south‐eastern Australia, showed an initial decline in species richness and changes in community composition, followed by gradual recovery. Recovery was not complete by the end of the seven‐year study. Eighteen species (including Speckled Warbler Chthonicola sagittata and Eastern Yellow Robin Eopsaltria australis) were identified as likely to be fire sensitive and nine species (including Australian Magpie Cracticus tibicen and Red‐capped Robin Petroica goodenovii) as likely to respond positively to fire at the time scale of this study. Another 11 species (including Dusky Woodswallow Artamus cyanopterus and Jacky Winter Microeca fascinans) appeared to favour burnt areas close to the fire edge. Guild‐level patterns included an overall negative response to fire by insectivores, granivores/frugivores and declining woodland birds and a positive response by predators. The avian community recovered more quickly at burnt sites close to (within 2 km of) the fire edge compared to more remote sites more than 4 km from unburnt habitat, suggesting that proximity to unburnt areas (and therefore fire extent) is likely to be a key consideration in understanding the post‐fire recovery of birds.
Depression predicts emotion acceptance beliefs in early adolescence: A longitudinal investigation
Authors: Harvey Lauren J. , White Fiona A. , McAulay Claire E.
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Adolescence is a time period which confers significant risk for the development of psychopathology. There is increasing consensus within the literature that beliefs about one’s emotional experience are important and may present a unique risk factor during this time period. However, to date, there has been no longitudinal examination of the relationship between depression and specific beliefs regarding the acceptability of experiencing and expressing emotion in young people.

Design

The present study used a cross‐lagged longitudinal design with questionnaires completed at two waves spaced 8 months apart.

Methods

506 participants (50.60% female) aged 12–15 years completed the Beliefs about Emotion questionnaire to assess for beliefs regarding the acceptability of experiencing and expressing emotions, and the depression subscale of the DASS‐21 to measure depressive symptoms.

Results

Greater depressive symptoms were associated with more negative beliefs about emotion at both time points. More negative beliefs about emotion at T1 did not significantly predict greater depressive symptoms at T2. However, greater depressive symptoms at T1 predicted significantly more negative beliefs about emotions at T2.

Conclusions

Greater beliefs about the unacceptability of experiencing or expressing emotions do not appear to predispose young people to depression. Rather, these beliefs appear to emerge following earlier experiences of depressive symptoms. Further research is needed over multiple measurement waves to further elucidate the relationship between emotion acceptance beliefs and depressive symptoms across adolescence into adulthood and whether such beliefs may predict future depressive episodes indirectly via difficulties in emotion regulation.

Practitioner points

Current findings suggest that more negative beliefs about emotion, specifically, beliefs about the unacceptability of experiencing or expressing emotions do not represent a key risk factor for the onset of depressive symptoms in early adolescence. Rather, current evidence suggests these beliefs emerge following depressive symptoms.

Given these findings, universal prevention programmes targeting valuation beliefs regarding emotion acceptability are less likely to be effective for this developmental age group.

It is important to assess for beliefs that an individual may hold regarding their emotional states alongside symptoms, as these beliefs are associated with greater clinical severity of depressive symptoms.

Further research, over multiple measurement waves, is needed to clarify whether emotion acceptability beliefs may predict future depressive episodes indirectly via difficulties in emotion regulation.
‘Wishes and feelings’: Misunderstandings and missed opportunities for participation in child protection proceedings
Authors: Dillon Jo
Published: June 2021

The gathering of ‘wishes and feelings’ in UK child protection proceedings (s.53 Children Act 2004) should highlight the child's opinion of social work intervention and services provided. However, with no statutory social work guidance on participation currently in place, children frequently miss opportunities to be involved in their own child protection planning. This paper is drawn from a 3‐year study into participation in child protection social work. It includes findings from qualitative interviews, and one focus group, with social workers, parents, children and participation workers, from three local authorities in the United Kingdom. The findings revealed some examples of significant gaps in service provision, particularly from the perspective and understanding of the child. The skewed translation of wishes and feelings legislation, along with its subsequent (and often inadequate) application to practice, prevents children from understanding and responding to social work intervention and can lead to idiosyncratic practice. This paper provides recommendations for a practical response to practitioner dilemmas regarding wishes and feelings and bridges the gap between research and practice.
Quality changes of clinical practice guidelines for respiratory diseases in China: A systematic review
Authors: Wan Kai‐rui , Zeng Guang‐qiao , Li Yao , Wu Jun‐wan , Zou Bang‐yu , Liang Heng‐rui , Jiang Mei
Published: June 2021

Background

After the low quality of Chinese clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for respiratory diseases published from 1979 to 2013 was reported, some handbooks were published to standardize guidelines’ development recently. There was a great increase in the production and dissemination of CPGs annually in China, whose quality and potential impact were unknown.

Methods

A systematic search of four literature databases was performed for the period January 2013 to December 2018 to identify Chinese CPGs for respiratory diseases. Eligible CPGs were evaluated using the appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument.

Results

A total of 197 CPGs were identified for review. Compared with the result of previous study, the increased scores of the six AGREE II domains were screened: Scope and purpose (57.3% vs. 57.8%), Stakeholder involvement (17.6% vs. 25.0%), Rigor of development (10.2% vs. 13.2%), Clarity and presentation (55.2% vs. 58.4%), Applicability (9.3% vs. 25.9%), and Editorial independence (1.1% vs. 6.3%). The improved overall assessment for included CPGs were: Recommended (4, 2.0% vs. 0, 0%) and Recommended with modifications (26, 13.2% vs. 3, 2.8%). The improved level of evidence used to make recommendations were 59, 11.9% versus 168, 22.4% and 88, 17.7% versus 195, 26.0%, A and B, respectively.

Conclusions

The overall quality of CPGs for respiratory diseases published from 2013 to 2018 in China was slightly improved, but had a big gap with the optimum level, especially in Rigor of development and Editorial independence. Increased efforts are required to enable the development of high‐quality evidence‐based CPGs for respiratory diseases.
“Reason's sympathy” and others' ends in Kant
Authors: Vilhauer Benjamin
Published: June 2021

Kant's notion of (what I will call) rational sympathy solves a problem about how we can voluntarily fulfill our imperfect duty to adopt those ends of others which have value only because they have been set by rational agents, ends which I will refer to as merely permissible ends (MPEs). Others' MPEs are individuated in terms of their own concepts of their MPEs, and we can only adopt their MPEs in terms of their concepts, since to adopt them in terms of different concepts would be to adopt different ends. Others' concepts of their MPEs may contain marks of the first person, and should contain no marks of law apart from permissibility. Rational sympathy allows us to adopt ends individuated in terms of concepts with marks of these kinds because rational sympathy allows us to voluntarily adopt others' first‐person perspectives in imagination, and to voluntarily shape our contingent feelings so that such concepts motivate us despite their underdetermination by law.
Monastic archives and the law: legal strategies at Farfa and Monte Amiata at the turn of the millennium
Authors: Maskarinec Maya
Published: June 2021

This article investigates two controversies that reveal the deeply intertwined nature of legal strategies and archival practices at the monasteries of Farfa and Monte Amiata around the turn of the millennium. It argues that the protagonists of these cases, abbots knowledgeable in law and the history of their monasteries, pursued markedly historical legal strategies: legal strategies that looked to, manipulated, and, above all, contextualized, archival documents in order to make legal arguments. This sheds light on early medieval monastic legal culture in north‐central Italy and provides insights into the rationale for monastic forgeries of documentary materials at Monte Amiata.
Awakening to sleep disorders in Europe: Survey on education, knowledge and treatment competence of European residents and neurologists
Authors: Rakusa Martin , Sieminski Mariusz , Rakusa Sofia , Falup‐Pecurariu Cristian , Fronczek Rolf , Hidalgo Hildegard , Muntean Maria‐Lucia , Pijpers Angelique , Cochen De Cock Valerie , Pizza Fabio , Schmidt Markus , Schreier David R. , Baldin Elisa , Bassetti Claudio L. A. , Kallweit Ulf
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Sleep‐wake disorders are common in the general population and in most neurological disorders but are often poorly recognized. With the hypothesis that neurologists do not get sufficient training during their residency, the Young European Sleep Neurologist Association (YESNA) of the European Academy of Neurology (EAN) performed a survey on postgraduate sleep education.

Methods

A 16‐item questionnaire was developed and distributed among neurologists and residents across European countries. Questions assessed demographic, training and learning preferences in sleep disorders, as well as a self‐evaluation of knowledge based on five basic multiple‐choice questions (MCQs) on sleep‐wake disorders.

Results

The questionnaire was completed by 568 participants from 20 European countries. The mean age of participants was 31.9 years (SD 7.4 years) and was composed mostly of residents (73%). Three‐quarters of the participants reported undergraduate training in sleep medicine, while fewer than 60% did not receive any training on sleep disorders during their residencies. Almost half of the participants (45%) did not feel prepared to treat neurological patients with sleep problems. Only one‐third of the participants correctly answered at least three MCQs. Notably, 80% of participants favoured more education on sleep‐wake disorders during the neurology residency.

Conclusions

Education and knowledge on disorders in European neurological residents is generally insufficient, despite a strong interest in the topic. The results of our study may be useful for improving the European neurology curriculum and other postgraduate educational programmes.
Balancing O‐GlcNAc and O‐fucose in plants
Authors: Mutanwad Krishna Vasant , Lucyshyn Doris
Published: June 2021

O‐linked modification of nuclear and cytosolic proteins with monosaccharides is essential in all eukaryotes. While many aspects of this post‐translational modification are highly conserved, there are striking differences between plants and the animal kingdom. In animals, dynamic cycling of O‐GlcNAc is established by two essential single copy enzymes, the O‐GlcNAc transferase OGT and O‐GlcNAc hydrolase OGA. In contrast, plants balance O‐GlcNAc with O‐fucose modifications, catalyzed by the OGT SECRET AGENT (SEC) and the protein O‐fucosyltransferase (POFUT) SPINDLY (SPY). However, specific glycoside hydrolases for either of the two modifications have not yet been identified. Nucleocytoplasmic O‐glycosylation is still not very well understood in plants, even though a high number of proteins were found to be affected. One important open question is how specificity is established in a system where only two enzymes modify hundreds of proteins. Here, we discuss the possibility that O‐GlcNAc‐ and O‐fucose‐binding proteins could introduce an additional flexible layer of regulation in O‐glycosylation‐mediated signaling pathways, with the potential of integrating internal or external signals.
Developing and user testing new pharmacy label formats—A study to inform labelling standards
Authors: Tong Vivien , Aslani Parisa , Raynor David K. , Shipp Diana , Parkinson Brian , Lalor Daniel , Sobey Andrew , Gilbert Alice , Crofton Jackie , Young Joanne , Carter Sophie , Poon Wing , Chitlangia Shrada
Published: June 2021

Background

Dispensed prescription medicine labels (prescription labels) are important information sources supporting safe and appropriate medicines use.

Objective

To develop and user test patient‐centred prescription label formats.

Methods

Five stages: developing 12 labels for four fictitious medicines of varying dosage forms; diagnostic user testing of labels (Round 1) with 40 consumers (each testing three labels); iterative label revision, and development of Round 2 labels (n = 7); user testing of labels (Round 2) with 20 consumers (each testing four labels); labelling recommendations. Evaluated labels stated the active ingredient and brand name, using various design features (eg upper case and bold). Dosing was expressed differently across labels: frequency of doses/day, approximate times of day (eg morning), explicit times (eg 7 to 9 AM), and/or explicit dosing interval. Participants’ ability to find and understand medicines information and plan a dosing schedule were assessed.

Results

Participants demonstrated satisfactory ability to find and understand the dosage for all label formats. Excluding active ingredient and dosing schedule, 14/19 labels (8/12 in Round 1; 6/7 in Round 2) met industry standard on performance. Participants’ ability to correctly identify the active ingredient varied, with clear medicine name sign‐posting enabling all participants evaluating these labels to find and understand the active ingredient. When planning a dosing schedule, doses were correctly spaced if the label stated a dosing interval, or frequency of doses/day. Two‐thirds planned appropriate dosing schedules using a dosing table.

Conclusions

Effective prescription label formatting and sign‐posting of active ingredient improved communication of information on labels, potentially supporting safe medicines use.

Patient and Public Involvement

Consumers actively contributed to the development of dispensed prescription medicine labels. Feedback from consumers following the first round was incorporated in revisions of the labels for the next round. Patient and public involvement in this study was critical to the development of readable and understandable dispensed prescription medicine labels.
Hidradenitis suppurativa in East and Southeast Asian populations: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gotesman Ryan Daniel , Choi Charles , Alavi Afsaneh
Published: June 2021

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that presents with recurrent inflammatory nodules and draining tunnels in the skin. Most HS studies have focused on Western populations, and the understanding of how HS characteristics differ in specific Asian ethnicities is poor. We conducted the first systematic review and meta‐analysis to characterize HS patients from East and Southeast Asia. PubMed, Embase, and Ovid MEDLINE databases were searched from inception to June 12, 2020. English‐language case‐series, cross‐sectional, observational, and randomized controlled trial studies investigating HS in East and Southeast Asian populations were screened by titles, abstracts, and articles in duplicate. Of 136 citations, 10 studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Data on gender distribution, lesion distribution in the axilla and gluteal regions, and family history were extracted in duplicate. A random effects model was used for the meta‐analysis. A total of 30,125 HS patients were included in the analysis. Most patients were male (66%, 95% CI = 60–72%). About half of Asian patients with HS develop lesions in the axilla (52%, 95% CI = 33–72%) and the buttocks (48%, 95% CI = 38–57%). Only a small subset had positive family history of HS (5%, 95% CI = 2–8%). We report an up‐to‐date characterization of HS in East and Southeast Asian populations and highlight differences in their Western counterparts. These results will hopefully improve understanding for how HS may manifest, lead to more personalized treatments for Asian patients with HS, and usher in a proper patient‐centered approach to treating the disease.
Development of cellulose nanofibrils reinforced polyvinyl alcohol films incorporated with alizarin for intelligent food packaging
Authors: Chen Hui‐zhi , Zhang Min , Rao Zhiming
Published: June 2021

Visual pH‐sensing films were fabricated using cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and alizarin. The relationships between the ratio of PVA: CNF hydrogel (2:1, 1:1, 1:2) and the physical properties and colour response efficiency of indicator films were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of films evidenced alizarin and CNF was properly incorporated by physical interaction. A new weak X‐ray diffraction peak appeared at 2θ = 22.4°, which was affected by the incorporation of CNF. The increase in the CNF content induced enhancements of thermal stability, tensile strength, water contact angle and colour sensitivity of the indicator films. The colourimetric films had a higher sensitivity to discolouration when exposed to acidic vapours than alkaline vapours. The films presented a remarkable colour change varied from purple in alkaline condition to yellow in acidic condition. Therefore, this colourimetric film can be used as a volatile acid sensor for intelligent packaging.
Entrepreneurship and ethnic economy employment among Chinese and Vietnamese residents of Warsaw
Authors: Bashko Aliaksei
Published: June 2021

Immigrant‐run businesses are playing an increasingly important role in the Polish economy. This paper focuses on the patterns of entrepreneurship and ethnic economy employment among Chinese and Vietnamese immigrants residing in the Warsaw metropolitan area (WMA). It uses microdata from a survey of Vietnamese and Chinese residents of the WMA and employs logistic regression analysis in order to assess the factors that affect the odds of entrepreneurship and ethnic economy employment among them. Subsequently, the paper analyses the impact of entrepreneurship and ethnic economy employment on the earnings of Vietnamese and Chinese citizens living in the WMA. Empirical analysis demonstrates that Vietnamese and Chinese immigrants are not pushed to become entrepreneurs by an opportunity structure that blocks alternative options and enjoy significantly higher incomes than native‐born Polish citizens. The ethnic economy becomes a temporary adjustment mechanism for newly arrived migrants but is not lucrative for longer‐term residents of these two origins.
Vasopressin: An output signal from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to prepare physiology and behaviour for the resting phase
Authors: Buijs Ruud M. , Hurtado‐Alvarado Gabriela , Soto‐Tinoco Eva
Published: June 2021

Vasopressin (VP) is an important hormone produced in the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) with antidiuretic and vasoconstrictor functions in the periphery. As one of the first discovered peptide hormones, VP was also shown to act as a neurotransmitter, where VP is produced and released under the influence of various stimuli. VP is one of the core signals via which the biological clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), imposes its rhythm on its target structures and its production and release is influenced by the rhythm of clock genes and the light/dark cycle. This is contrasted with VP production and release from the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the medial amygdala, which is influenced by gonadal hormones, as well as with VP originating from the PVN and SON, which is released in the neural lobe and central targets. The release of VP from the SCN signals the near arrival of the resting phase in rodents and prepares their physiology accordingly by down‐modulating corticosterone secretion, the reproductive cycle and locomotor activity. All these circadian variables are regulated within very narrow boundaries at a specific time of the day, where day‐to‐day variation is less than 5% at any particular hour. However, the circadian peak values can be at least ten times higher than the circadian trough values, indicating the need for an elaborate feedback system to inform the SCN and other participating nuclei about the actual levels reached during the circadian cycle. In short, the interplay between SCN circadian output and peripheral feedback to the SCN is essential for the adequate organisation of all circadian rhythms in physiology and behaviour.
Identifying Strategies for the Management of Interruptions for Novice Triage Nurses Using an Online Modified Delphi Method
Authors: Johnson Kimberly D. , Schumacher Daniel , Lee Rebecca C.
Published: June 2021

Purpose

To use the Delphi Method to identify strategies used by triage nurses to effectively manage interruptions.

Design

This study was based on the concepts of Benner’s Novice to Expert Model. An online, modified Delphi approach was used to engage triage, education, and operational management experts in generating consensus recommendations on successful strategies to address triage interruptions in the emergency department.

Methods and Analysis

A panel of nine triage, education, and operational management experts were selected based on their publication and presentation history. This panel participated in three Delphi rounds, providing individual responses during each round. All responses were entered into a RedCap database, which allowed research team members to synthesize the results and return summaries to the participants. Final consensus was reached among this panel regarding recommendations for successful strategies to address triage interruptions that can be encompassed in a training module. The experts were then asked to identify the best instructional modality for teaching each of the interruption management strategies.

Findings

Eight strategies to mitigate the impact of interruptions were identified: (a) ensure nurses understand impact of interruptions; (b) ensure nurses understand consequences of interruptions on cognitive demands of healthcare workers that could influence behavior and lead to errors; (c) apologize to current patient before tending to interruption and give expectation of when you will return; (d) triage the interruption and decide to (i) ignore interruption, (ii) acknowledge, but delay servicing, interruption, or (iii) acknowledge and service interruption, delaying completion of interrupted task; (e) identify urgent communication as anything clinically significant that impacts the patient immediately or requires immediate intervention; (f) use focused questions to clarify whether interruption can wait; (g) redirect nonpriority interruptions; and (h) finish safety‐critical task or tasks near completion before tending to an interruption. The Delphi participants recommended the best teaching modality was simulation for six of the strategies.

Conclusions

Participants agreed that there are strategies that can be taught to novice triage nurses to mitigate the impact of interruptions. The experts in operations management, emergency nursing, and education agree that creating simulations to teach each of these strategies is an effective way to educate nurses.

Clinical Relevance

Interruptions impact the quality of care provided to patients. Training nurses to prevent interruptions and mitigate the impact of interruptions when they occur has the potential to improve patient outcomes.
What's in a Name? Re‐Branding and Re‐Framing School Health Education to School Boards and Legislators as Education for Health Literacy—A Commentary
Authors: McDermott Robert J. , Vamos Sandra D.
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Branding involves “labeling” (for identification) and “meaning” (for understanding) to a product, service, person, idea, or other entity. We are familiar with “brands” of soft drinks, automobiles, mobile phones, soups, cigarettes, and sports teams, and some brands have greater “market share” than others.

METHODS

In this commentary, we review some of the ways that school health has been branded over the past 50+ years.

RESULTS

The brand we know as school health education has failed to compete successfully with other school subject areas (eg, the so‐called STEM subjects) for the attention of school board members, administrators, legislators, and other policymakers. Perhaps more importantly, school health education advocates have lost the market share game to subject areas that school board members and legislators see as ones with better return on investment, at least politically speaking. In short, we have failed to make the sale.

CONCLUSION

An alternative is to re‐brand and re‐frame school health education as education for health literacy. Literacy as a brand commands the attention of education gatekeepers, and may be more strongly related conceptually to what gatekeepers see as education‐centric programs deserving of funding. Adopting a marketing mindset may elevate education for health literacy to a place where key stakeholders are more likely to “purchase” it as a relevant school “product.”
Complementary feeding practices and associated factors of dietary diversity among uncomplicated severe acute malnourished children aged 6–23 months in Burkina Faso
Authors: Nikièma Victor , Fogny Nadia F. , Salpéteur Cécile , Lachat Carl , Kangas Suvi T.
Published: June 2021

Nutritional treatment of children with uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is based on ready‐to‐use therapeutic foods (RUTF). With treatment provided at community level, children could have access to other foods, and a reduction in the dose of RUTF could further increase dietary diversity during treatment. We assessed the dietary diversity score (DDS), the minimum dietary diversity (MDD), the minimum meal frequency (MMF) and the minimum acceptable diet (MAD) of 459 infants and young children aged 6–23 months being treated for SAM with different doses of RUTF. We also investigated the factors associated with DDS. Dietary intake was estimated using a single 24‐h multipass dietary recall, 1 month after starting treatment, from December 2016 to August 2018. The DDS was calculated on the basis of eight food groups. Differences between children receiving the reduced RUTF and the standard RUTF dose and factors associated with DDS were assessed by Poisson and logistic regression models. RUTF dose was not associated with DDS (4.07 ± 1.25 for reduced RUTF and 4.01 ± 1.26 for standard RUTF;P = 0.77). Food groups most consumed by children were grains, roots or tubers (96%) and legumes and nuts (72%). Eggs consumption was low (3%). DDS was positively associated with child's age, mother's education, household wealth index, urban residence and rainy season. The present findings show that children with SAM consumed a variety of foods during treatment in addition to the RUTF ration prescribed to them. Reducing the dose of RUTF during SAM treatment did not impact DDS.
Dysphagia lusoria: utility of high‐resolution impedance manometry to identify true disease
Authors: Wellington Jennifer , Kim Joseph , Castell Donald O. , Xie Guofeng
Published: June 2021

Dysphagia lusoria is a rare cause of dysphagia due to impingement of the esophagus by an aberrant right subclavian artery. Although most remain asymptomatic, this aberrant vessel can lead to progressive dysphagia in childhood or even later in life as a result of arteriosclerotic burden and attenuation of esophageal compliance that led to esophageal compression. We present a 56‐year‐old man with a 3‐year history of progressively worsening dysphagia to solids and liquids and globus sensation. Videofluoroscopic swallowing study (modified barium esophagram) and barium esophagram showed delayed barium tablet transit in the upper esophagus and focal smooth narrowing of the upper esophagus caused by external compression, respectively. Computed tomography imaging demonstrated external compression of proximal esophagus from an aberrant right subclavian artery with high atherosclerotic burden. In addition, high‐resolution impedance manometry (HRiM) revealed a striking high‐pressure pulsatile vascular band in the proximal esophagus (108 mmHg) associated with poor bolus transit, demonstrating the utility of HRiM in strengthening the diagnoses of true dysphagia lusoria.
High‐resolution impedance manometry characterizes the functional role of distal colonic motility in gas transit
Authors: Heitmann Paul T. , Mohd Rosli Reizal , Maslen Lyn , Wiklendt Lukasz , Kumar Raghu , Omari Taher I. , Wattchow David , Costa Marcello , Brookes Simon J. , Dinning Phil G.
Published: June 2021

Background

The colonic motor patterns associated with gas transit are poorly understood. This study describes the application of high‐resolution impedance manometry (HRiM) in the human colon in vivo to characterize distal colonic motility and gas transit; (a) after a meal and (b) after intraluminal gas insufflation into the sigmoid colon.

Methods

HRiM recordings were performed in 19 healthy volunteers, with sensors positioned from the distal descending colon to the proximal rectum. Protocol 1 (n = 10) compared pressure and impedance prior to and after a meal. Protocol 2 (n = 9) compared pressure and impedance before and after gas insufflation into the sigmoid colon (60 mL total volume).

Key Results

Both the meal and gas insufflation resulted in an increase in the prevalence of the 2‐8/minute “cyclic motor pattern” (meal: (t(9) = −6.42, P<0.001); gas insufflation (t(8) = −3.13, P = 0.01)), and an increase in the number of antegrade and retrograde propagating impedance events (meal: Z = −2.80, P = 0.005; gas insufflation Z = −2.67, P = 0.008). Propagating impedance events temporally preceded antegrade and retrograde propagating contractions, representing a column of luminal gas being displaced ahead of a propagating contraction. Three participants reported an urge to pass flatus and/or flatus during the studies.

Conclusions and Inferences

Initiation of the 2‐8/minute cyclic motor pattern in the distal colon occurs both following a meal and/or as a localized sensorimotor response to gas. The near‐absence of a flatal urge and the temporal association between propagating contractions and gas transit supports the hypothesis that the 2‐8/minute cyclic motor pattern acts as a physiological “brake” modulating rectal filling.
Diagnostic utility of upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy for the diagnosis of acute graft‐versus‐host disease in children following stem cell transplantation: A 12‐year experience
Authors: Koh Phoebe , Cole Nyree , Evans Helen M. , McFarlane Jeannette , Roberts Amin J.
Published: June 2021

Background

Endoscopically obtained mucosal biopsies are the gold standard for diagnosing acute graft‐versus‐host disease of the gastrointestinal tract (GI‐GVHD). There is no consensus on the ideal endoscopic approach in children. We aimed to ascertain which gastrointestinal sites and endoscopic approaches were most helpful for diagnosing acute GVHD and whether clinical symptoms can guide the endoscopic approach.

Method

A single‐center retrospective review of all pediatric stem cell transplants (SCT) between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2018. Of those with histologically diagnosed GI‐GVHD, sensitivities of individual GI sites for making the diagnosis were calculated. Clinical symptoms were compared with GI site yielding diagnosis.

Results

216 allogeneic SCTs were performed in 199 patients. 37 of 52 suspected GI‐GHVD cases underwent endoscopy. There was marked variability in the endoscopic approaches chosen. 82% of these cases had lower gastrointestinal symptoms. 21 cases had histologically proven GI‐GVHD. 19 (90%) of these had GVHD of non‐gastrointestinal sites; 10 (48%) had concurrent infections. The most‐sensitive GI sites were the rectosigmoid and duodenum (86% and 76%, respectively). Overall sensitivity of upper GI endoscopy (UGIE) and lower GI endoscopy (LGIE) was 86% and 90%, respectively. There was no statistically significant association between clinical symptoms and site at which histological diagnosis was obtained.

Conclusion

We observed variability in the endoscopic approach used by clinicians. UGIE and sigmoidoscopy had high sensitivities for diagnosing GVHD, regardless of symptoms. LGIE had minimal additional diagnostic value. This would support a standardized approach with UGIE and sigmoidoscopy for all children with suspected GI‐GVHD.
Why de dicto desires are fetishistic
Authors: Zhang Xiao
Published: June 2021

Internalists and externalists fundamentally disagree about how moral judgments motivate. Internalists think that morally good people should have de re desires to do right things, and agents who are motivated by the de dicto desire to do whatever is right are moral fetishists. In contrast, externalists accept that morally good people can have both the relevant de re and de dicto desires. My aim is to provide an argument for internalism, which goes beyond the context in which both sides currently debate the relevant de re and de dicto desires. I will first introduce R. Jay Wallace's understanding of a fetish, according to which to have a fetish is to devote interest and attention to objects that do not deserve such responses. Then, I will argue that the relevant de dicto desire in the debate is fetishistic because rightness itself is not a worthwhile goal to have in our moral deliberation and motivation. Moral agents who are motivated by the de dicto desire to do whatever is right, even if partly, still count as moral fetishists.
The Double Bind of Communicating About Zoonotic Origins: Describing Exotic Animal Sources of COVID‐19 Increases Both Healthy and Discriminatory Avoidance Intentions
Authors: LaCour Mark , Hughes Brent , Goldwater Micah , Ireland Molly , Worthy Darrell , Van Allen Jason , Gaylord Nick , Van‐Hoosier Garrett , Davis Tyler
Published: June 2021

Many novel diseases are of zoonotic origin, likely including COVID‐19. Describing diseases as originating from a diverse range of animals is known to increase risk perceptions and intentions to engage in preventative behaviors. However, it is also possible that communications depicting use of exotic animals as food sources may activate stereotypes of cultures at the origin of a disease, increasing discriminatory behaviors and disease stigma. We used general linear modeling and mediation analysis to test experimental data on communications about zoonotic disease origins from the critical first two months leading up to the declaration of a global pandemic. Results suggest that communications about potential familiar food origins (pigs) affected people's risk perceptions, health behaviors, and COVID‐19 stigma compared to more exotic food sources (e.g., snakes). Participants (N = 707) who read descriptions of exotic origins viewed the virus as riskier and reported stronger intentions to engage in preventative behaviors than those who read about familiar origins (pigs). However, reading exotic origin descriptions was also associated with stronger intentions to avoid Asian individuals and animal products. These results are critical for both theory and public policy. For theory, they are the first to experimentally demonstrate that zoonotic origin descriptions can impact intentions to engage in discriminatory behaviors for cultures viewed as the origin of a novel infectious disease. For policy, they offer clear, actionable insights on how to communicate about risks associated with a novel zoonosis while managing the potential impact on discriminatory behaviors and stigma.