bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cascaded Fractional‐Order Controller‐Based Load Frequency Regulation for Diverse Multigeneration Sources Incorporated with Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Ye Yidie , Daraz Amil , Basit Abdul , Khan Irfan Ahmed , AlQahtani Salman A.
Published: April 2024

To sustain a system frequency within acceptable limits, it is widely conceded that retaining a power balance between generation and demand is necessary. In order to regulate the frequency of power systems (PSs) this article proposes a novel cascaded based fractional‐order controller termed as fractional‐order integer‐ (FOI‐) fractional‐order proportional integral with double derivative (FOPIDD2). In addition to redox flow batteries and capacitive energy storage, the recommended control strategy has been validated with gas, thermal reheat, hydro, and nuclear power systems. Additionally, a newly designed algorithm known as squid game optimizer (SGO) optimizes the gains of the new FOI‐FOPIDD2 controller. The squid game optimizer technique is inspired by the fundamental principles of a conventional Korean sport. It employs a population of candidate solutions and iteratively adjusts the control parameters to discover the optimal set that reduces frequency abnormalities and improves system stability. A comparison is also made between the controller’s performance and benchmarks, including the jellyfish search algorithm, the firefly algorithm, the grey wolf optimizer, and the particle swarm algorithm. The proposed algorithms reduced peak overshoot as compared to grey wolf optimizer algorithm by 35.34%, 46.78%, and 76.89%; jellyfish search optimization algorithm by 34.76%, 77.22%, and 82.56%; and firefly algorithm by 82.67%, 89.23%, and 29.67% for frequency variations in area 1, area 2 and tie line power, respectively. Furthermore, SGO‐FOI‐FOPIDD2 controllers under different loading circumstances and conditions were evaluated and endorsed for their ability to withstand uncertainties in power system parameters.
Short-Term Response of Soil Organic Carbon Indices to Different Farming Strategies and Crop Rotation Systems in a Semiarid Warm Region
Authors: Gorooei Aram , Aynehband Amir , Behrend Dominik , J. Seidel Sabine , Kumar Srivastava Amit , Rahnama Afrasyab , Gaiser Thomas
Published: April 2024

Several indices can be used to assess the impact of short-term conservation agriculture strategies on improving soil organic carbon (SOC). To find out how the SOC pools and the carbon lability influence the carbon management index (CMI) in response to different agricultural practices in a warm semiarid region, the carbon lability index (LI) and the carbon pool index (CPI) were measured under the interactive effect of different fertilizer applications and crop residue management (hereafter referred to as “farming strategies”) in combination with four crop rotation systems in Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran, over four growing seasons from 2018 to 2020. The farming strategies were as follows: (1) using the standard rate of inorganic fertilizer used in the region and removing crop residues from the soil (SIF_no-CR); (2) applying the standard rate of organic fertilizers used in the region and returning 30% of crop residues to the soil (SOF_30% CR); and (3) integrating the use of inorganic and organic fertilizers and returning 15% of crop residues to the soil (IOF_15% CR). The crop rotation systems were fallow-wheat (F-W), corn-wheat (C-W), sesame-wheat (S-W), and mung bean-wheat (B-W). No statistically significant difference was observed between the different farming strategies and rotation systems with respect to LI after two years of the experiment. The highest (1.26) and lowest (1.06) CPIs were observed for SOF_30% CR and SIF_no-CR, respectively. The magnitude of the CMI values followed the order SOF_30% CR (121) > IOF_15% CR (107) ≥ SIF_no-CR (106). B-W and F-W had the highest and lowest CPI with values of 1.29 and 1.01, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found for the different crop rotation systems. Given the low impact of the common farming practices in the region, e.g., SIF_no-CR and F-W, on CPI and CMI at 24 months, our results showed that farming strategies with manure application and crop residue management and summer wheat-based rotation systems appear to be more appropriate farming strategies to improve CMI in arable land.
Randomized Phase II Trial of Imiquimod with or without 9-Valent HPV Vaccine versus Observation in Patients with High-grade Pre-neoplastic Cervical Lesions (NCT02864147)
Authors: Sheth Sangini S. , Oh Ji Eun , Bellone Stefania , Siegel Eric R. , Greenman Michelle , Mutlu Levent , McNamara Blair , Pathy Shefali , Clark Mitchell , Azodi Masoud , Altwerger Gary , Andikyan Vaagn , Huang Gloria , Ratner Elena , Kim Daniel J. , Iwasaki Akiko , Levi Angelique W. , Buza Natalia , Hui Pei , Flaherty Sean , Schwartz Peter E. , Santin Alessandro D.
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

We report the results of a randomized phase II trial of imiquimod, a topical immune-response modulator versus imiquimod plus a 9-valent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine (9vHPV) versus clinical surveillance in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2/3) patients.

Patients and Methods:

We randomly allocated 133 patients with untreated CIN2/3 in equal proportions to a 4-month treatment with self-applied vaginal suppositories containing imiquimod (Arm B) or imiquimod plus a 9vHPV (Arm C) versus clinical surveillance (Arm A). The main outcome was efficacy, defined as histologic regression to CIN1 or less. Secondary outcomes were HPV clearance and tolerability. Exploratory objectives included the comparison of cervical CD4/CD8 T-cell infiltration at baseline, mid-study, and posttreatment by flow cytometry among study arms.

Results:

Of the 114 evaluable patients 77% and 23% harbored CIN2 and CIN3, respectively. Regression to CIN1 or less was observed in 95% of patients in the imiquimod group (Arm B) compared with 79% in the control/surveillance (Arm A); P = 0.043 and 84% in the imiquimod+9vHPV group (Arm C; P = 0.384 vs. Arm A). Neither of the treatment-arm differences from Arm A reached the prespecified α = 0.025 significance level. No significant differences were noted in the secondary outcome of rate of HPV clearance. The number of tissue-resident memory CD4/CD8 T cells in cytobrush samples demonstrated a >5-fold increase in Arm B/imiquimod when compared with Arm A/surveillance (P < 0.01). In contrast, there was no significant difference in T-cell responses among participants in Arm C when compared with Arm A. Imiquimod treatment was well tolerated.

Conclusions:

Although imiquimod induced a higher regression to CIN1 or less and significant increases in CD4/CD8 T cells infiltrating the cervix, it did not meet its prespecified statistical outcome for efficacy. A higher regression rate than expected was observed in the surveillance arm of this prospective trial. Future clinical trials with imiquimod targeting CIN3 patients are warranted.
Overcoming Xenoantigen Immunity to Enable Cellular Tracking and Gene Regulation with Immune-competent “NoGlow” Mice
Authors: Trotter Timothy N. , Wilson Andrea , McBane Jason , Dagotto Carina E. , Yang Xiao-Yi , Wei Jun-Ping , Lei Gangjun , Thrash Hannah , Snyder Joshua C. , Lyerly Herbert Kim , Hartman Zachary C.
Published: April 2024

The ability to temporally regulate gene expression and track labeled cells makes animal models powerful biomedical tools. However, sudden expression of xenobiotic genes [e.g., GFP, luciferase (Luc), or rtTA3] can trigger inadvertent immunity that suppresses foreign protein expression or results in complete rejection of transplanted cells. Germline exposure to foreign antigens somewhat addresses these challenges; however, native fluorescence and bioluminescence abrogates the utility of reporter proteins and highly spatiotemporally restricted expression can lead to suboptimal xenoantigen tolerance. To overcome these unwanted immune responses and enable reliable cell tracking/gene regulation, we developed a novel mouse model that selectively expresses antigen-intact but nonfunctional forms of GFP and Luc, as well as rtTA3, after CRE-mediated recombination. Using tissue-specific CREs, we observed model and sex-based differences in immune tolerance to the encoded xenoantigens, illustrating the obstacles of tolerizing animals to foreign genes and validating the utility of these “NoGlow” mice to dissect mechanisms of central and peripheral tolerance. Critically, tissue unrestricted NoGlow mice possess no detectable background fluorescence or luminescence and exhibit limited adaptive immunity against encoded transgenic xenoantigens after vaccination. Moreover, we demonstrate that NoGlow mice allow tracking and tetracycline-inducible gene regulation of triple-transgenic cells expressing GFP/Luc/rtTA3, in contrast to transgene-negative immune-competent mice that eliminate these cells or prohibit metastatic seeding. Notably, this model enables de novo metastasis from orthotopically implanted, triple-transgenic tumor cells, despite high xenoantigen expression. Altogether, the NoGlow model provides a critical resource for in vivo studies across disciplines, including oncology, developmental biology, infectious disease, autoimmunity, and transplantation.

Significance:

Multitolerant NoGlow mice enable tracking and gene manipulation of transplanted tumor cells without immune-mediated rejection, thus providing a platform to investigate novel mechanisms of adaptive immunity related to metastasis, immunotherapy, and tolerance.
Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Cancer Status Detection in Radiology Reports
Authors: Arya Ankur , Niederhausern Andrew , Bahadur Nadia , Shah Neil J. , Nichols Chelsea , Chatterjee Avijit , Philip John
Published: April 2024

Cancer research is dependent on accurate and relevant information of patient's medical journey. Data in radiology reports are of extreme value but lack consistent structure for direct use in analytics. At Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), the radiology reports are curated using gold-standard approach of using human annotators. However, the manual process of curating large volume of retrospective data slows the pace of cancer research. Manual curation process is sensitive to volume of reports, number of data elements and nature of reports and demand appropriate skillset. In this work, we explore state of the art methods in artificial intelligence (AI) and implement end-to-end pipeline for fast and accurate annotation of radiology reports. Language models (LM) are trained using curated data by approaching curation as multiclass or multilabel classification problem. The classification tasks are to predict multiple imaging scan sites, presence of cancer and cancer status from the reports. The trained natural language processing (NLP) model classifiers achieve high weighted F1 score and accuracy. We propose and demonstrate the use of these models to assist in the manual curation process which results in higher accuracy and F1 score with lesser time and cost, thus improving efforts of cancer research.

Significance:

Extraction of structured data in radiology for cancer research with manual process is laborious. Using AI for extraction of data elements is achieved using NLP models’ assistance is faster and more accurate.
Translating Evidence into Practice: A Review of Clinical Practice and Outcomes following the Adoption of an Early Post-Mastectomy Discharge Protocol in a Nigerian Hospital
Authors: Olasehinde Olalekan , Fagbayimu Michael Oluwatobiloba , Aderounmu Adewale , Komolafe Tolulope , Ameen Muftiat , Alatise Olusegun , Adisa Adewale
Published: April 2024

Introduction: In Nigeria, mastectomy is the most common surgical treatment for breast cancer. Patients are often kept on admission for days until wound drains are removed. An early discharge programme was piloted in a Nigerian hospital in 2017 with very satisfactory outcomes. The impact of this evidence on clinical practice and surgical outcomes was evaluated over 5 years. Methods: From a prospectively maintained institutional database, the details of patients who underwent mastectomy between 2018 and 2022 were obtained. The duration of post-operative stay was obtained and analysed per year to determine the trend. Post-operative surgical complications such as seroma, haematoma, flap necrosis, and surgical site infection were analysed. Results: Overall, 147 patients (69%) had early discharge during the review period. Twenty-two patients (10.3%) were discharged within 24 h of surgery, 61 patients (28.6%) were discharged within 24–48 h, and 64 patients (30%) were discharged between 48 and 72 h. There was a steady increase in the adoption of the early discharge protocol over time with a 50% adoption rate in 2018 and 95% in 2022. The mean duration of hospital stay declined steadily from 3.9 days in 2018 to 2.2 days in 2022. Early discharge did not result in any compromise to post-operative outcomes. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the sustainability of early post-mastectomy discharge in a resource-limited setting with very satisfactory outcomes. It also provides a unique example of how locally generated evidence can guide local practice. We consider these findings generalisable in other Nigerian hospitals and low- and middle-income countries with similar contexts.
New Developments in Anti-Reflux Surgery: Where Are We Now?
Authors: Gensthaler Lisa , Schoppmann Sebastian F.
Published: April 2024

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease is one of the most common chronic diseases, affecting up to 28% of the western population. Therapeutic management ranges from conservative measures to endoscopic or surgical interventions. Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) still is considered as gold standard, but alternative procedures have been developed and evaluated within the past years. Summary: Magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA), which aims to be a less disruptive and possibly more standardized laparoscopic procedure than LNF, shows satisfying results regarding short- and long-term follow-up as well as comorbidities. Alternatives, such as the RefluxStop™ procedure or Transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF), combined with laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair (cTIF) show promising results for short-term follow-up, nevertheless further studies regarding long-term follow-up are necessary. Key Message: Although there definitely are upcoming and promising trends in upper GI surgery, LNF still represents today’s gold standard and MSA is an equivalent alternative. RefluxStop™ and cTIF show promising results, nevertheless, further studies are necessary.
Histopathological Assessment of the Endoscopic Resection Specimen
Authors: Sterlacci William , Vieth Michael
Published: April 2024

Background: Endoscopic resection for early neoplastic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract is nowadays the accepted and feasible method also in non-tertiary reference centers. The main clinical advantage is the preserved quality of life compared to larger surgical procedures. Summary: Clinical colleagues need to have basic knowledge of factors that may influence the outcome of histopathology. This article discusses issues connected to the histopathological work-up of endoscopic resection specimens within in the gastrointestinal tract. Key Messages: Besides the clinical technical prerequisites, standardized histopathology is the key element of the pathology laboratory work-up of endoscopic resection specimens. Overdiagnoses of reactive lesions as low-grade neoplasia lead to incomparable study data and although criteria to overcome this situation exist, they are not accepted worldwide, calling for further efforts in harmonization.
Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodomorpha: Psychodidae) deposited in the Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo
Authors: Conceição Maurício dos Santos , Alves Veracilda Ribeiro , Chaves Júnior Salvador Paganella , Shimabukuro Paloma Helena Fernandes , Galati Eunice Aparecida Bianchi , Andrade Andrey José de
Published: April 2024

The subfamily Phlebotominae is represented by insects commonly known as sand flies widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, with the Neotropical region having the greatest diversity. Only New Zealand or the Pacific Islands, excepting New Caledonia, do not present records. One means of access to the more than 1,060 described species is through the specimens deposited in biological collections, and the availability of associated data on online platforms for consultation on the part of students and researchers. This being the case, this study aimed catalogue the sand flies deposited in the Invertebrate Collection of the MZUSP (University of São Paulo Museum of Zoology). Twenty-nine species designated as type material were found being of nine holotypes, one “allotype” and 90 paratypes described from five countries in the Americas: Panama, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, and Brazil. In addition to these, 1,346 non-type specimens, from 12 Brazilian states, are deposited in the collection and have been included here in list form. The MZUSP sand fly collection currently houses specimens from 152 species, which represents 28% (546) of the Phlebotominae fauna of the Americas.
Intertextualidade e memória da literatura em Contos da Carochinha, de Figueiredo Pimentel
Authors: Silva Natasha Castro
Published: April 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é investigar as intertextualidades e a memória da literatura presentes na obra Contos da Carochinha, publicada em 1894 pelo escritor e jornalista fluminense Figueiredo Pimentel. Para tanto, o trabalho se divide em três momentos. No primeiro, analisamos o contexto de publicação dessa obra, considerando as relações entre o contexto do mercado livreiro brasileiro e a literatura infantil nacional. No segundo momento, buscamos definir o conceito de memória da literatura que será empregado no texto. Por fim, a última parte se destina à análise dos contos A Bela Adormecida no Bosque e O Barba-Azul, ambos presentes na referida obra de Pimentel. Com essas duas narrativas, buscaremos apresentar as estratégias poéticas utilizadas na composição das intertextualidades presentes na obra, assim como pensar as memórias literárias que podem ser recuperadas na produção do autor brasileiro.
Inventando Histórias na Educação Infantil: a criação de um livro coletivo
Authors: Silva Mellina , Guedes-Pinto Ana Lúcia
Published: April 2024

A book creation requires several factors, such as: an idea, a writer, an illustrator, a publisher, creativity, invention and fantasy; all these factors are available, free and ready to be gathered and become storybooks in an Early Childhood classroom. By focusing on these characteristics, this article aims to report the creation of a collective book in a class of children aged between 4 and 5 years old. The research methodology is based on the presuppositions of action research, in which the researcher himself takes the fieldwork. The work starts with the importance of reading enjoyment in Child Education, followed by a pedagogical practice – the creation of a storybook – developed based on the knowledge and experiences of young children. The realization of the book constructed by the students reaffirms the importance of encouraging daily reading and writing, as well what children have to say about the world around them, allowing spontaneous and consistent with the children's imagination creations.
A poética de Mais com mais dá menos: diálogo intermitente entre camadas, colagens, capas, cores, manchas, páginas, palavras, silhuetas e monotipias
Authors: Macieira Cássia
Published: April 2024

Para a reedição do livro Mais com mais dá menos, de 2011, o escritor Bartolomeu Campos de Queirós convidou, como ilustradores e designers, os irmãos Marcelo Drummond e Marconi Drummond. Percebe-se, à primeira visada, desde a capa, a intenção de provocar o leitor mediante um ‘jogo verbo-visual’ em todo o projeto gráfico. A dupla de artistas utilizou o processo criativo analógico em monotipia para as ilustrações, finalizando-as com a inserção de silhuetas como colagens digitais. No presente artigo, objetivou-se criticar o objeto-livro em toda a sua poética: o gesto criativo dos ilustradores ao coletar silhuetas, mobilizados pelo pacto ficcional (personalidade avarenta e burocrática do protagonista da narrativa) e o encontro da letra e da imagem na página (justaposição), tudo isto resultando em níveis de colagens que proporcionam a fruição de diferentes camadas de leitura. O entendimento deste encontro entre palavra e imagem alinha-se aos conceitos dispostos nas obras A transposição intersemiótica: por uma classificação pragmática, de Leo H. Hoek, e Poéticas do visível, de Márcia Arbex, visando qualificar a obra estudada como livro-objeto-visual, isto é, como dispositivo visual capaz de proporcionar uma experiência de leitura multimodal.
Passado a limpo n. 38
Authors: Gama Mônica
Published: April 2024

Notícias da Crítica Genética.
“Agora irretocável prefiro ficar fora, só na capa do seu livro” e “papel que desistiu de dar recados”: processo de criação de Ana Cristina Cesar
Authors: Gama Mônica
Published: April 2024

Comentário do fac-símile de manuscrito da poeta Ana Cristina Cesar.
Tradução de La Araucana por Dom Pedro II Itinerários do Processo Criativo
Authors: Sackl Ana Maria B. C.
Published: April 2024

Dom Pedro II criou um acervo de traduções em várias línguas, algumas do espanhol para o português principalmente de obras clássicas da literatura espanhola, este artigo foca na tradução do poema épico La Araucana e os modos de circulação do processo de criação. “La Araucana” de Ercilla, narra a Guerra de Arauco acontecida na atual Patagônia chilena no século XVI entre espanhóis e Araucanos, na qual o autor Don Alonso de Ercilla (1554)[1] participou. Descrevem-se nesta pesquisa as instituições onde os documentos de referência foram achados e analisam-se os modos de circulação dos mesmos no processos de criação, o dossiê genético está constituído por:  manuscritos pesquisados no Instituto Histórico Geográfico Brasileiro (IGHB) do Rio de Janeiro, uma página do manuscrito tradutório inédito de Pedro de Alcântara; uma ata póstuma em honra ao imperador da mesma Instituição; um exemplar do livro La Araucana  publicada em Anveres em 1597  propriedade da Biblioteca Nacional do RJ; excertos dos Diários de d. Pedro II  do Arquivo Histórico de Petrópolis e dados mencionados pelo imperador sobre a importância de La Araucana, na sua tradução de Prometheo Acorrentado (1907.p.174)[2]de Eschylo pertencente à Biblioteca Imperial. Utiliza-se o embasamento teórico da Crítica Genética[1] ERCILLA. La Araucana. Primera, Segvnda, y Tercera Partes de la Aravcana, En Anvers, En casa de Pedro Bellero. (1597)[2] ALCÂNTARA, Pedro de (1907). Prometheu Acorrentado. Original de Eschylo vertido Litteralmente para o Portuguez por Dom Pedro II. 2º edição.Trasladação Poética do texto Barão de Parapiacaba. Rio de Janeiro. Imprensa Nacional. Biblioteca do Museu Imperial. Petrópolis RJ.
A escrita do pensamento de Michel Butor: entre os repertórios e o móbile
Authors: Koyano Amayi Luiza Soares
Published: April 2024

O processo criativo da escrita experimental de Michel Butor pode ser considerado tanto em sua dimensão conceitual, por meio da confluência passível de ser estabelecida entre seus ensaios e sua criação literária, quanto em sua dimensão discursiva, derivada de seu desejo de “faire parler les autres”. O objetivo deste artigo é de melhor compreender a relação que se pode estabelecer entre o ensaio “Le livre comme objet” de Michel Butor, publicado em Répertoire, e a escrita experimental de Mobile. Étude pour une représentation des États-Unis (1962), todos presentes nas Œuvres Complètes do escritor. Sob a direção de Mireille Calle-Gruber, cada volume de suas obras completas é acompanhado de documentos preparatórios da criação literária e ensaística do escritor. Para este presente trabalho, parte-se da análise de um datiloscrito de Mobile, relacionando-o com a última versão impressa da obra, e a de ambos com as produções ensaísticas de Butor, que, aqui, serão também consideradas como preparatórias para a gênese do conceito que o escritor explorou ao longo de sua criação, em sua busca por relacionar constantemente a literatura com a música e com a pintura. Espera-se evidenciar a importância da edição das obras completas de Butor para a compreensão da escrita de seu pensamento.
Long‐Term Safety and Efficacy of Mavacamten in Symptomatic Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Interim Results of the PIONEER‐OLE Study
Authors: Masri Ahmad , Lester Steven J. , Stendahl John C. , Hegde Sheila M. , Sehnert Amy J. , Balaratnam Ganesh , Shah Ashish , Fox Shawna , Wang Andrew
Published: April 2024

Background

The phase 2 PIONEER‐HCM (Phase 2 Open‐label Pilot Study Evaluating Mavacamten in Subjects With Symptomatic Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction) study showed that mavacamten improved left ventricular outflow tract gradients, exercise capacity, and symptoms in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but the results of longer‐term treatment are less well described. We report interim results from the PIONEER‐OLE (PIONEER Open‐Label Extension) study, the longest‐term study of mavacamten in patients with symptomatic obstructive HCM.

Methods and Results

Patients who previously completed PIONEER‐HCM (n=20) were eligible to enroll in PIONEER‐OLE. Patients received oral mavacamten, 5 mg once daily (starting dose), with individualized dose titration at week 6. Evaluations included serial monitoring of safety, echocardiography, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire–Overall Summary Score, and serum NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide) levels. Thirteen patients enrolled and received mavacamten (median study duration at data cutoff, 201 weeks). Most patients (92.3%) received β‐blockers concomitantly. Treatment‐emergent adverse events were predominantly mild/moderate. One patient had an isolated reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction to 47%, which recovered and remained normal with continued treatment at a reduced dose. At week 180, mavacamten was associated with New York Heart Association class improvements from baseline (class II to I, n=9; class III to II, n=1; and unchanged, n=2), sustained reductions in left ventricular outflow tract gradients (mean [SD] change from baseline: resting, −50 [55] mm Hg; Valsalva, −70 [41] mm Hg), and serum NT‐proBNP levels (median [interquartile range] change from baseline: −498 [−2184 to −76] ng/L), and improved Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire–Overall Summary Score (mean [SD] change from baseline: +17 [16]).

Conclusions

This long‐term analysis supports the continued safety and effectiveness of mavacamten for >3 years in obstructive HCM.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03496168.
Impact of a Chronic Total Coronary Occlusion on the Incidence of Appropriate Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillator Shocks and Mortality: A Substudy of the Dutch Outcome in ICD Therapy (DO‐IT)) Registry
Authors: van Veelen Anna , Verstraelen Tom E. , Somsen Yvemarie B. O. , Elias Joëlle , van Dongen Ivo M. , Delnoy Peter Paul H. M. , Scholten Marcoen F. , Boersma Lucas V. A. , Maass Alexander H. , Strikwerda Sipke , Firouzi Mehran , Allaart Cornelis P. , Vernooy Kevin , Grauss Robert W. , Tukkie Raymond , Knaapen Paul , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , Dijkgraaf Marcel G. W. , Claessen Bimmer E. P. M. , van Barreveld Marit , Wilde Arthur A. M. , Henriques José P. S. , van Gent M. W. F. , Bouwels L. H. R. , van der Voort P. H. , Theuns D. A. M. J. , Bijsterveld N. R. , Abels R. , van Erven L. , Takens L. H. , Kimman G. P. , van der Burg A. E. Borger , Khan M. , Derksen R. , Vet M. W. , Widdershoven J. W. M. G. , Brouwer M. A. , Meine M. , Tuinenburg A. E. , Spierenburg H. A. M.
Published: April 2024

Background

Chronic total coronary occlusions (CTO) substantially increase the risk for sudden cardiac death. Among patients with chronic ischemic heart disease at risk for sudden cardiac death, an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is the favored therapy for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death. This study sought to investigate the impact of CTOs on the risk for appropriate ICD shocks and mortality within a nationwide prospective cohort.

Methods and Results

This is a subanalysis of the nationwide Dutch‐Outcome in ICD Therapy (DO‐IT) registry of primary prevention ICD recipients in The Netherlands between September 2014 and June 2016 (n=1442). We identified patients with chronic ischemic heart disease (n=663) and assessed available coronary angiograms for CTO presence (n=415). Patients with revascularized CTOs were excluded (n=79). The primary end point was the composite of all‐cause mortality and appropriate ICD shocks. Clinical follow‐up was conducted for at least 2 years. A total of 336 patients were included, with an average age of 67±9 years, and 20.5% was female (n=69). An unrevascularized CTO was identified in 110 patients (32.7%). During a median follow‐up period of 27 months (interquartile range, 24–32), the primary end point occurred in 21.1% of patients with CTO (n=23) compared with 11.9% in patients without CTO (n=27;
P
=0.034). Corrected for baseline characteristics including left ventricular ejection fraction, and the presence of a CTO was an independent predictor for the primary end point (hazard ratio, 1.82 [95% CI, 1.03–3.22];
P
=0.038).

Conclusions

Within this nationwide prospective registry of primary prevention ICD recipients, the presence of an unrevascularized CTO was an independent predictor for the composite outcome of all‐cause mortality and appropriate ICD shocks.
Sodium Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors Versus Metformin on Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes With Low Cardiovascular Risk: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Chang Hao‐Chih , Chen Yun‐Yu , Kuo Tzu‐Ting , Lin Yenn‐Jiang , Chien Kuo‐Liong , Chang Hung‐Yu , Hung Chung‐Lieh , Chung Fa‐Po
Published: April 2024

Background

This study investigated whether initial SGLT2 (sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitor‐based treatment is superior to metformin‐based regimens as a primary prevention strategy among low‐risk patients with diabetes.

Methods and Results

In this nationwide cohort study, a total of 38 496 patients with diabetes with low cardiovascular risk were identified (age 62.0±11.6 years, men 50%) from January 1 to December 31, 2016. Patients receiving SGLT2 inhibitors‐based and metformin‐based regimens were 1:2 matched by propensity score. Study outcomes included all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular death, hospitalization for heart failure, stroke, and progression to end‐stage renal disease. Compared with 1928 patients receiving metformin‐based regimens, 964 patients receiving SGLT2 inhibitor‐based regimens had similar all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.75 [95% CI, 0.51–1.12]), cardiovascular death (HR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.25–1.89]), hospitalization for heart failure (HR, 1.06 [95% CI, 0.59–1.92]), stroke (HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.48–1.27]), and progression to end‐stage renal disease (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.32–2.39]). However, SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a lower risk of all‐cause mortality (HR, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.23–0.99];
P
for interaction=0.008) and progression to end‐stage renal disease (HR, 0.22 [95% CI, 0.06–0.82];
P
for interaction=0.04) in patients under the age of 65.

Conclusions

In comparison to metformin‐based regimens, SGLT2 inhibitor‐based regimens showed a similar risk of all‐cause mortality and adverse cardiorenal events. SGLT2 inhibitors might be considered as first‐line therapy in select low‐risk patients, for example, younger patients with diabetes.
Validation of a Suprasystolic Cuff System for Static and Dynamic Representation of the Central Pressure Waveform
Authors: Tamborini Alessio , Gharib Morteza
Published: April 2024

Background

Noninvasive pulse waveform analysis is valuable for central cardiovascular assessment, yet controversies persist over its validity in peripheral measurements. Our objective was to compare waveform features from a cuff system with suprasystolic blood pressure hold with an invasive aortic measurement.

Methods and Results

This study analyzed data from 88 subjects undergoing concurrent aortic catheterization and brachial pulse waveform acquisition using a suprasystolic blood pressure cuff system. Oscillometric blood pressure (BP) was compared with invasive aortic systolic BP and diastolic BP. Association between cuff and catheter waveform features was performed on a set of 15 parameters inclusive of magnitudes, time intervals, pressure–time integrals, and slopes of the pulsations. The evaluation covered both static (subject‐averaged values) and dynamic (breathing‐induced fluctuations) behaviors. Peripheral BP values from the cuff device were higher than catheter values (systolic BP–residual, 6.5 mm Hg; diastolic BP–residual, 12.4 mm Hg). Physiological correction for pressure amplification in the arterial system improved systolic BP prediction (
r
2
=0.83). Dynamic calibration generated noninvasive BP fluctuations that reflect those invasively measured (systolic BP Pearson
R
=0.73,
P
<0.001; diastolic BP Pearson
R
=0.53,
P
<0.001). Static and dynamic analyses revealed a set of parameters with strong associations between catheter and cuff (Pearson
R
>0.5,
P
<0.001), encompassing magnitudes, timings, and pressure–time integrals but not slope‐based parameters.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that the device and methods for peripheral waveform measurements presented here can be used for noninvasive estimation of central BP and a subset of aortic waveform features. These results serve as a benchmark for central cardiovascular assessment using suprasystolic BP cuff‐based devices and contribute to preserving system dynamics in noninvasive measurements.
Food Insecurity and Ideal Cardiovascular Health Risk Factors Among US Adolescents
Authors: Hammad Nour M. , Wolfson Julia A. , de Ferranti Sarah D. , Willett Walter C. , Leung Cindy W.
Published: April 2024

Background

Food insecurity, a social and economic condition of limited availability of healthy food, is a risk factor for adverse cardiovascular health outcomes among adults; few studies have been conducted in adolescents. This study explores the association between food insecurity and cardiovascular health risk factors among a nationally representative sample of US adolescents, adopting the American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 metric.

Methods and Results

We analyzed data from 2534 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years from the 2013 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. In the sample, 24.8% of adolescents lived in food‐insecure households. After multivariable adjustment, food insecurity was associated with a 3.23‐unit lower total Life's Essential 8 score (95% CI, −6.32, −0.15) and lower scores on diet quality (β=−5.39 [95% CI, −8.91, −1.87]) and nicotine exposure (β=−4.85 [95% CI, −9.24, −0.45]). Regarding diet, food insecurity was associated with 5% lower Healthy Eating Index‐2015 scores [95% CI, −7%, −2%], particularly lower intakes of whole grains and seafood/plant proteins and marginally higher intake of added sugar. Regarding nicotine exposure, food insecurity was associated with ever use of a tobacco product among m (odds ratio, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.20–2.53]). Compared with their food‐secure counterparts, food‐insecure male (odds ratio, 1.98 [95% CI, 1.07–3.65]) and female (odds ratio, 3.22 [95% CI, 1.60–6.45]) adolescents had higher odds of living with a current indoor smoker.

Conclusions

In this nationally representative sample of adolescents, food insecurity was associated with multiple indicators of cardiovascular health risk. These findings underscore the need for public health interventions and policies to reduce food insecurity and improve cardioprotective behaviors during adolescence, with particular efforts targeting diet quality and nicotine exposure.
Genetic Testing for Supravalvar Aortic Stenosis: What to Do When It Is Not Williams Syndrome
Authors: Stephens Sara B. , Novy Tyler , Spurzem Gabrielle N. , Jacob Benjamin , Beecroft Taylor , Soludczyk Emily , Kozel Beth A. , Weigand Justin , Morris Shaine A.
Published: April 2024

Background

We aimed to describe the frequency and yield of genetic testing in supravalvar aortic stenosis (SVAS) following negative evaluation for Williams‐Beuren syndrome (WS).

Methods and Results

This retrospective cohort study included patients with SVAS at our institution who had a negative evaluation for WS from May 1991 to September 2021. SVAS was defined as (1) peak supravalvar velocity of ≥2 meters/second, (2) sinotubular junction or ascending aortic
Z
score <−2.0, or (3) sinotubular junction
Z
score <−1.5 with family history of SVAS. Patients with complex congenital heart disease, aortic valve disease as the primary condition, or only postoperative SVAS were excluded. Genetic testing and diagnoses were reported. Of 162 patients who were WS negative meeting inclusion criteria, 61 had genetic testing results available (38%). Chromosomal microarray had been performed in 44 of 61 and was nondiagnostic for non‐WS causes of SVAS. Sequencing of 1 or more genes was performed in 47 of 61. Of these, 39 of 47 underwent
ELN
sequencing, 20 of 39 (51%) of whom had a diagnostic variant. Other diagnoses made by gene sequencing were Noonan syndrome (3
PTPN11
, 1
RIT1)
, Alagille syndrome (3
JAG1
), neurofibromatosis (1
NF1
), and homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (1
LDLR1
). Overall, sequencing was diagnostic in 29 of 47 (62%).

Conclusions

When WS is excluded, gene sequencing for SVAS is high yield, with the highest yield for the
ELN
gene. Therefore, we recommend gene sequencing using a multigene panel or exome analysis. Hypercholesterolemia can also be considered in individuals bearing the stigmata of this disease.
Shaking Up the People
Authors: Schmitz Tobias
Published: April 2024

This article makes the case that Hos 14:2–3 is the earliest positive call to return (שׁוב) to YHWH in the Hebrew Bible and asks why it is precisely here that repentance is spoken of no longer negatively in reproach but positively in exhortation. First, it argues for a pre-exilic dating of Hos 14:2–5 by referring to Jer 2:35; 3:22; 4:8; 23:20, and 30:24. These passages in Jeremiah quote or allude to Hos 14:5, which speaks of the divine wrath being turned away from Israel. Second, the study argues that it was in the reflection on the fall of the Northern Kingdom that the words of Hosea were collected and expanded upon. In doing so, the scribes sought to make the downfall of the Northern Kingdom understandable as YHWH’s responsibility and to shake up the people: for the divine wrath to disappear, Israel must now return to YHWH.
Subversion through Allusion in Samuel’s Call to Prophecy (1 Sam 3)
Authors: Shapira Hananel
Published: April 2024

The article explores the significance of the strange scene in 1 Sam 3 where Samuel confuses the Lord with Eli and investigates what message the author intended to convey. The article argues that the narrative of Samuel’s call addresses issues that extend beyond his circumstances. Samuel is a representative of the entire prophetic legacy, and the narrator uses the narrative’s peculiarities to validate the essence of prophecy and the prophetic role. The article also explores the similarities and differences between Samuel’s call narrative and Num 12, which claims that only Moses is a trustworthy prophet. The narrator of Samuel’s call narrative uses Num 12 subversively, lending credibility to his own narrative and reinforcing Samuel’s reliability. Ultimately, the method by which the message was conveyed is inconsequential as long as the prophet received and accurately conveyed the divine message.
A Note on Proverbs 22:16
Authors: Ansberry Christopher
Published: April 2024

Proverbs 22:16 is plagued by syntactical ambiguity. In the light of the history of the aphorism’s reception, this note proposes a syntactical solution to the proverb’s syntactical openness: it is an unmarked יֵשׁ of reflection, which introduces paradoxical phenomena.
The Polemical Cosmogony in the Doxologies of Amos (4:13; 5:8; 9:5–6)
Authors: Ayali-Darshan Noga
Published: April 2024

The paper explores the doxologies in the book of Amos, arguing that they articulate a polemical viewpoint distinct from prevailing biblical and ancient Near Eastern notions about the formation of the sea, mountains, wind, and God’s abode. Central to the comprehension of this cosmogony is the recurring phrase in Amos 5:8d and 6:9c, “(He) who summons the waters of the sea and pours them on the surface of the earth.” While previous scholars have understood this phrase as referring to the primeval Flood, a tsunami event, or Levantine torrential rain, the present paper suggests a cosmogonic interpretation, in line with its context. Subsequent elements in the same series of texts are interlinked with this portrayal, emphasizing the unified—and polemical—perspective of the doxologies. This new explanation also has ramifications for the dating and composition of the doxologies in the book of Amos.
Analysis of Magnetohydrodynamic Oscillatory Convective Radiative Heat Flow of Reactive Nanofluid Containing MoS2 and SiO2 Nanoparticles with Velocity Slip
Authors: Talukdar Babulal , Pal Dulal , Vajravelu Kuppalapalle
Published: April 2024

This paper aims to investigate the unsteady oscillatory flow of water-based nanofluids MoS2 and SiO2 past a parallel plate channel filled with a saturated porous medium. The basic equations are solved analytically using the perturbation technique subject to the
appropriate boundary conditions. A numerical evaluation of the analytical results is performed, and the effects of various physical parameters on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles within the boundary layer are analyzed. Molybdenum disulfide MoS2 nanoparticles are
well known for their low friction coefficient, good catalytic activity, and excellent physical properties. At the same time, Silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles are treated to have a porous structure, very high surface activity, and adsorption properties, which makes them suitable
for developing high-capacity antimicrobial agents. Hence these nanoparticles can be considered for Nanoscale elements’ performance to make rigorous thermal quality nano liquids. Thus from engineering curiosity, the skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood numbers are evaluated
for significant parameters at cold and heated walls by utilizing MoS2 and SiO2 nanoparticles. It would give rise to novel features that can revolutionize biology, medicine, catalysis, and other smart fields. Furthermore, graphs and tables are used to describe a comparative
study of the water-based nanofluids MoS2 and SiO2. It is found that when the radiation parameter Ra is increased by 200%, the average heat transfer rate at the heated channel wall containing MoS2 and SiO2 nanoparticles in the base fluid is
decreased by 6.9% and 8.3%, respectively. Further, it is found that SiO2-water nanofluid has more effectiveness towards heat transfer compared to MoS2-water nanofluid.
Numerical Investigation of Thermal Behavior of Nano-Phase Change Materials Due to Non-Newtonian Fluid Flow in the Porous Finned Tube
Authors: Javaherdeh Kourosh , Azarbarzin Touraj
Published: April 2024

In this study, the melting of different types of phase change materials in a heat exchanger, the effect of porosity, triangular fins, and the addition of aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, and copper oxide, nanoparticles on the thermal behavior of four types of materials are studied numerically.
The enthalpy porosity method is used during the melting process. The main heat transfer fluid is non-Newtonian and the tube is filled with a porous medium. The nanoparticle volume fraction is varied from 0 to 10%, the fin height is considered from 0 to 6 mm, and the porosity is considered
equal to 0.8991, 0.9138, 0.9486, and 1. Based on the results, RT26 has the lowest melting time, and RT35 has the longest melting time with an increasing percentage of approximately 250%. The addition of fins and nanoparticles leads to an increase in the liquid fraction. The full charge time
of materials with the addition of aluminum oxide nanoparticles is slightly less than other nanoparticles. Furthermore, the effect of using fins is greater than the effect of the addition of nanoparticles to reduce the melting time. Also, the maximum increase in the liquid fraction is approximately
30% due to the absence of a porous medium.
Entropy Generation Optimization in an Unsteady Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Over a Flat Plate with Variable Viscosity: A Cattaneo-Christov Heat Flux Model
Authors: Kathyayani Gandrakota , Nagendra Rao Satuluri Satya
Published: April 2024

Nanofluids are a novel and intriguing class of heat transmission fluids that can be used in place of more conventional options. They have several applications, including fuel cells, heat exchangers, and the pharmaceutical industry. When it comes to heat transport, hybrid nanofluids
much outperform their mono-fluid counterparts. These are being put to use in a wide variety of areas, from solar power to air conditioning. Unsteady flow characteristics of a hybrid nanofluid (Ethylene Glycol + ZnO + TiO2) over a flat plate at varied Lorentz forces, volume fraction
of nanoparticles, and thermal radiation are unknown when variable viscosity is taken into account. Paper’s novelty is addressing this gap, which is to examine the impact of variable viscosity on the hybrid nanofluid flow by a flat plate under convective boundary condition when thermal
radiation and magnetic field are significant. Cattaneo and Christov’s heat flux model is used to analyse the phenomenon of heat transfer. This paper also includes an analysis of irreversibility. The equations required to represent the problem have been turned into a system, and this
system has been solved using the bvp4c solver. Validated the results (of engineering parameters including friction coefficient) obtained using the bar graphs by using Multiple linear regression. It has been observed that the thermal relaxation parameter (Γ) and the unsteady parameters
(S) both have similar effects on the heat transmission rate. It is found that there is an increment of 0.001278 (when 0 ≤ Γ ≤ 0.6) and 0.103865 (when 0.4 ≤ S ≤ 1) in the Nusselt number. It is clear from a closer inspection that as magnetic field parameter (Mg)
and viscosity parameters (δ) are raised, the friction factor declines. It is observed that, at 0 ≤ Mg ≤ 1.8, friction factor declines at a proportion of 0.08974. It is detected that higher Brinkman number values lead to a greater rate of entropy generation and an
upsurge in the (temperature-dependent) viscosity parameter contributes to a decline in the same. As the viscosity parameter is amplified, it is also seen that the fluid’s velocity declines.
Effect of Inclined Magnetic Field and Thermal Radiation on Williamson Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer Along the Stretching/Shrinking Wedge
Authors: Abbas Amir , Shahid Muhammad Abdullah , Ilyas Asifa , Jeelani Mdi Begum
Published: April 2024

Non-Newtonian fluid dynamics is one of the most popular research fields in modern fluid mechanics due to its potential applications in the food processing and chemical industries. Industry technology cannot function without efficient ultrahigh cooling systems.When we use common fluids
that do not provide ultrahigh cooling, we are constrained by low thermal conductivity. Modern nanotechnology allows for the creation of nanosized metal and nonmetal particles with various thermal, electric, mechanical, magnetic, and fibre properties. Due to above physical significance in the
present research study, the attention paid to investigate heat and mass transfer through Williamson nanofluid along a stretching and shrinking wedge. The influences of thermal radiation and inclined magnetic field have been accounted. The differential equations are solved using rigorous solver
bvp4c. The findings are displayed in graphs and tables before being addressed with regard to physical justification. All the results are produced at inclined magnetic field angle γ = π/6. After comparison the current study with published, it is noted that there is a significant
concordance between the current results and results that have already been proposed. By this agreement, the current results are validated.