bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computing the Cassels–Tate pairing for genus two jacobians with rational two-torsion points
Authors: YAN JIALI
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we give an explicit formula as well as a practical algorithm for computing the Cassels–Tate pairing on
$\text{Sel}^{2}(J) \times \text{Sel}^{2}(J)$
where J is the Jacobian variety of a genus two curve under the assumption that all points in J[2] are K-rational. We also give an explicit formula for the Obstruction map
$\text{Ob}: H^1(G_K, J[2]) \rightarrow \text{Br}(K)$
under the same assumption. Finally, we include a worked example demonstrating that we can improve the rank bound given by a 2-descent via computing the Cassels–Tate pairing.
Food Consumption, Eco-civilization and Environmental Authoritarianism in China
Authors: Fröhlich Franziska M.
Published: December 2024

In response to its severe environmental problems, China's government is pursuing a national goal to “build an ecological civilization.” One approach used to theorize about China's environmental governance is environmental authoritarianism (EA). Drawing on work in political steering theory and the governmentality tradition, this paper addresses the “soft” side of EA by analysing the eco-civilization discourse on food and eating in policy documents and consumer guidebooks. It argues that China's EA works not only through coercion but also through citizen responsibilization. The emerging discourse of eco-civilization outlines a cultural nationalist programme focused on virtue and vice, in which consumer behaviour is morally charged. Consumers are expected to cultivate themselves into models of ecological morality to fulfil their civic duty and support the state's goal of building an ecological civilization.
Modern urbanscapes of Macau’s vice economy
Authors: Zandonai Sheyla S.
Published: December 2024

Gambling has been Macau’s principal industry and a major source of income for the city for nearly 180 years. However, surprisingly little has been said about its urban impact and connections to a wider economy of vice, e.g. opium, pawnbroking and prostitution, which was consolidated in the second half of the nineteenth century mostly by the hands of a Chinese entrepreneurial elite. This article takes a novel approach to examining Macau’s early colonial development by historicizing the city’s modern economy from a different, mostly neglected urban angle. It shows that the development of vice businesses promoted the diversification of commercial activity, real estate development and the creation of public facilities, defining a type of ordinary urbanization, business-led rather than government-oriented, that affected Macau’s urban character and identity in durable ways.
Tropical Cyclone Wind Field Reconstruction for Hazard Estimation via Bayesian Hierarchical Modeling With Neural Network
Authors: Yang C. , Xu J.
Published: December 2024

Tropical cyclones (TCs) are one of the biggest threats to life and property around the world. Accurate estimation of TC wind hazard requires estimation of catastrophic TCs having a very long return period spanning up to thousands of years. Since reliable TC data are available only for recently decades, stochastic modeling and simulation turned out to be an effective approach to achieve more stable hazard estimates. In common practice, hundreds of thousands of synthetic TCs are generated first, then wind fields are reconstructed along synthetic TC tracks for hazard estimation. A Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach to the reconstruction of TC wind field is proposed. A modified Rankine vortex is adopted as the wind field model, of which the four free parameters are modeled simultaneously through a multi‐output neural network as a latent process of the wind field. The four parameters are finally represented, spatially and temporally, by a set of neural network weights, The Bayesian model averaging technique is used for parameter estimation and wind field reconstruction, based on a ensemble of maximum a posteriori estimates of the set of weights. Together with previously proposed algorithm for synthetic TC simulation, a two‐stage scheme for TC wind hazard estimation has been formed, which is based on best‐track data only and thus is highly consistent. Application of this scheme to the offshore waters in the western North Pacific basin shows inspiring performance and great flexibility for various purposes of TC wind hazard estimation.
An Improved Pattern Informatics Method for Extracting Ionospheric Disturbances Related to Seismicity Based on CSES Data: A Case Study of the Mw7.3 Maduo Earthquake
Authors: Tian Weixi , Zhang Yongxian , Ju Changhui , Zhang Shengfeng , Feng Maoning , Liu Fengli
Published: December 2024

The exploration of multi‐layer coupling mechanisms between earthquakes and the ionosphere is crucial for utilizing ionospheric precursors in earthquake prediction. A significant research task involves continuously tracking the spatio‐temporal changes in ionospheric parameters, acquiring comprehensive seismic anomaly information, and capturing “deterministic” precursor anomalies. Based on data from the China Seismo‐Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES), we enhance the Pattern Informatics (PI) Method and propose an Improved Pattern Informatics (IPI) Method. The IPI method enables the calculation of the spatio‐temporal dynamics of electron density anomalies detected by the CSES satellite. The seismic signals in the electron density during earthquake on 2021 at Maduo are investigated in this work. The results show that: (a) Compared to original electron density images, the IPI method‐derived models extract distinct electron density anomaly signals, regardless of the data whether are collected during descending (daytime) or ascending (nighttime) orbits, or across different time scales of change window. (b) The electron density anomalies appear about 40 days prior to the Maduo Mw7.3 earthquake. The evolution of these anomalies follows a pattern of appearance, persistence, disappearance, re‐emergence, and final disappearance. Moreover, the evolution trends of the IPI hotspot images at daytime and nighttime are similar. These results suggest that the IPI method can capture the spatio‐temporal trends of ionospheric parameters and effectively extract electronic precursors related to strong earthquakes.
The Unique Role of the Intraseasonal Zonal Wind in March Over the Equatorial Western Pacific Contributes to Shaping the Subsequent ENSO Development
Authors: Cao Ting‐Wei , Zheng Fei , Yu Jin‐Yi , Fang Xiang‐Hui , Zhong Wen‐Xiu
Published: December 2024

The predictability of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is significantly limited by the spring predictability barrier (SPB). Our observational analysis suggests that considering high‐frequency wind components during the spring season may mitigate the SPB impact on ENSO predictability. The intraseasonal zonal wind in March over the equatorial western Pacific initially perturbs the sea surface temperature (SST). It contributes nearly 40% of the east‐west SST gradient after 2–3 months, ranking first among other calendar months. This significant contribution causes March to become the earliest month to effectively indicate the following ENSO direction due to the active eastward‐propagating Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) activity. Through the obvious variation of the eastward‐propagating MJO speed, it also shows the possible close relationship between the mean SST state and the interdecadal variability in intraseasonal zonal wind. Additionally, the current strong variability of intraseasonal zonal wind suggests the important role of atmospheric information in recent ENSO development.
Influence of Atmospheric Rivers on Alaskan River Ice
Authors: Limber Russ , Massoud Elias C. , Guan Bin , Hoffman Forrest M. , Kumar Jitendra
Published: December 2024

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) transport vast amounts of moisture from low to high latitude regions. One region particularly impacted by ARs is Interior Alaska (AK). We analyze the impact of ARs on the annual river ice breakup date for 26 locations in AK. We investigate the AR‐driven rise in local air temperatures and explore the relationship between ARs and precipitation, including extremes and interannual variability. We found that AR events lead to an increase in local air temperatures for over 1 week (by ). ARs account for 40% of total precipitation, explain 47% of precipitation variability, and make up 59% of extreme precipitation events, each year. By estimating the heat transfer between winter precipitation and the river ice surface, we conclude that increased precipitation during the coldest period of the year delays river ice breakup dates, while precipitation occurring close to the breakup date has little impact on breakup timing.
Glacier Surges and Seasonal Speedups Integrated Into a Single, Enthalpy‐Based Model Framework
Authors: Terleth Y. , Bartholomaus T. C. , Enderlin E. , Mikesell T. D. , Liu J.
Published: December 2024

Glacier speedups occur on daily to centennial timescales. While basal water and subglacial drainage configuration are thought to drive glacier speedups across these timescales, it remains unclear whether this forcing always occurs through the same mechanisms. Here, we explore whether the enthalpy model of glacier surging can explain speedups over a broader range of timescales if modified to account for seasonality in surface melt and continuous water supply to the glacier bed. We simulate velocity oscillations that range from seasonal to years. Our model results more closely resemble observations of surges than previous model versions because ice flow variability at seasonal and multi‐year timescales is reproduced simultaneously through hydrological forcing. Under favorable conditions, seasonal water delivery to the bed gradually accumulates in a poorly‐connected basal drainage system, priming the glacier to surge. Surges themselves are marked by high water fluxes and enthalpy drainage from the glacier base.
Acceleration of Energetic Electrons in Jovian Middle Magnetosphere by Whistler‐Mode Waves
Authors: Hao Y.‐X. , Shprits Y. Y. , Menietti J. D. , Averkamp T. , Wang D. D. , Kollmann P. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Drozdov A. , Saikin A. , Roussos E. , Krupp N. , Horne R. B. , Woodfield E. E. , Bolton S. J.
Published: December 2024

An abundant multi‐MeV electron population beyond the orbit of Io is required to explain the intense inner radiation belt (electrons  MeV) at Jupiter and its synchrotron radiation. In order to better understand the synergistic effect of radial transport and local wave‐particle interactions driven by whistler‐mode waves on the formation of Jupiter's radiation belt, we perform 3‐D Fokker‐Planck simulations for Jovian energetic electrons with the Versatile Electron Radiation Belt code. An empirical model of Jovian whistler‐mode waves updated with measurements from the Juno extended mission is used to quantify the local acceleration and pitch angle scattering. Resonant cyclotron acceleration by whistler‐mode waves leads to significant enhancement in the intensity of electrons above 1 MeV in the middle magnetosphere. Radial diffusion is capable of transporting MeV electrons accelerated by outer‐belt whistler‐mode waves into the region, where they are further accelerated adiabatically to energies of about 10 MeV.
The Inherited Crustal Structure and Lithospheric Thermal Field Beneath the Sea of Marmara (NW Türkiye): Observations From 3D Gravity Modeling and Seismic Tomography Analysis
Authors: Fernandez Naiara , Scheck‐Wenderoth Magdalena , Cacace Mauro , Gholamrezaie Ershad
Published: December 2024

The North Anatolian Fault (NAF) extends for over 1,000 km across Türkiye and poses significant seismic hazard in the region. The Main Marmara Fault (MMF) segment of the NAF in the Sea of Marmara (NW Türkiye), exhibits along‐strike segmentation in its interseismic strain accumulation. Constraining the lithospheric configuration below the MMF is critical to understand its segmentation and assessing seismic hazard in the area. We present a new 3D lithospheric‐scale density of the Sea of Marmara, that combines gravity modeling and seismic tomography analysis. Using forward and inverse gravity modeling with free‐air gravity data and available constraints of geological units we derived the intra‐crustal density structure. Shear‐wave velocity tomography models provided insights into the temperature and density configuration of the uppermost mantle, and the geometry of the 1330°C isotherm. Our results highlight significant crustal density variations: lower‐density crust in the Sakarya Zone and Strandja Massif, and denser crust below the Istanbul Zone, which overlies a relatively hotter lithospheric mantle. This lithospheric configuration reflects both ongoing tectonic processes and inheritance from past geological events, including the drifting of the Istanbul Zone crustal block and the signature of past subduction events. The extent of the Istanbul Zone denser crust spatially correlates with the locked segment of the MMF. The bimaterial nature of the fault segment likely influences its interseismic and coseismic behavior. The denser, stiffer Istanbul Zone crust would promote interseismically locked conditions in contrast to the adjacent, more compliant crustal block and could result in asymmetric rupture with a preferred directivity.
Competition Between Advected and Local Variability Determines Coherent Propagation of Labrador Sea Water Along the DWBC
Authors: Fortin Anne‐Sophie , Lozier M. Susan
Published: December 2024

The Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) is a major conduit for the equatorward export of dense waters formed in the subpolar North Atlantic and Nordic Seas that constitute the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Here, we investigate the extent to which there is coherent propagation of property anomalies along the DWBC from the Labrador Sea exit to 26.5°N. Past studies have focused on relationships between DWBC anomalies at selected sites. Here we use a hydrographic data set (EN4) that covers the time period of 1970–2020 to examine coherence continuously along the boundary current. Our findings reveal sharp differences between the upper and deep Labrador Sea Water (uLSW, dLSW). Specifically, dLSW property anomalies are highly correlated at all points downstream to the Labrador Sea exit. Furthermore, the lags that yield maximum correlations uniformly increase with distance along the boundary. uLSW, however, shows a sharp decline in coherence along the boundary such that the anomalies downstream are poorly correlated with those at the Labrador Sea exit and the lag times are not monotonic. Most of the decline in uLSW coherence occurs from the Labrador Sea exit to Flemish Cap, where local variability at uLSW densities is large. Our study sheds light on the competition between advected property variability and local property variability that impacts the identification of anomalies downstream. The uLSW and dLSW differences expressed along the DWBC are also evident offshore, consistent with past Lagrangian studies.
Delta opioid receptor agonists activate PI3K–mTORC1 signaling in parvalbumin-positive interneurons in mouse infralimbic prefrontal cortex to exert acute antidepressant-lie effects
Authors: Yoshioka Toshinori , Yamada Daisuke , Hagiwara Akari , Kajino Keita , Iio Keita , Saitoh Tsuyoshi , Nagase Hiroshi , Saitoh Akiyoshi
Published: December 2024

The delta opioid receptor (DOP) is a promising target for novel antidepressants due to its potential for rapid action with minimal adverse effects; however, the functional mechanism underlying acute antidepressant actions remains elusive. We report that subcutaneous injection of the selective DOP agonist KNT-127 reduced immobility in the forced swimming test, and that this antidepressant-like response was reversed by intracerebroventricular injection of the selective mechanistic (or mammalian) target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin or the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002. KNT-127 also alleviated social avoidance and reduced sucrose consumption (anhedonia) among chronic vicarious social defeat stress model mice, which were similarly reversed by PI3K and mTOR inhibitors. In addition, KNT-127 increased phosphorylation levels of the mTOR signaling-related proteins Akt and p70S6 kinase in medial prefrontal cortex as revealed by immunoblotting. In the forced swimming test, a microinfusion of KNT-127 and another DOP agonist SNC80 in the infralimbic prefrontal cortex (IL-PFC) attenuated the immobility, which were blocked by rapamycin and LY294002. Perfusion of KNT-127 onto IL-PFC slices increased miniature excitatory postsynaptic current frequency and reduced miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current frequency in pyramidal neurons as measured by whole-cell patch-clamping, and both responses were reversed by rapamycin. Imaging of brain slices from transgenic mice with DOP-promoter-driven green fluorescent protein revealed that most DOPs were expressed in parvalbumin-positive interneurons in the IL-PFC. These findings suggest that DOP agonists exert antidepressant-like actions by suppressing GABA release from parvalbumin-positive interneurons via the PI3K–Akt–mTORC1–p70S6 kinase pathway, thereby enhancing IL-PFC pyramidal neuron excitation.
Lactate dehydrogenase B noncanonically promotes ferroptosis defense in KRAS-driven lung cancer
Authors: Zhao Liang , Deng Haibin , Zhang Jingyi , Zamboni Nicola , Yang Haitang , Gao Yanyun , Yang Zhang , Xu Duo , Zhong Haiqing , van Geest Geert , Bruggmann Rémy , Zhou Qinghua , Schmid Ralph A. , Marti Thomas M. , Dorn Patrick , Peng Ren-Wang
Published: December 2024

Ferroptosis is an oxidative, non-apoptotic cell death frequently inactivated in cancer, but the underlying mechanisms in oncogene-specific tumors remain poorly understood. Here, we discover that lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) B, but not the closely related LDHA, subunits of active LDH with a known function in glycolysis, noncanonically promotes ferroptosis defense in KRAS-driven lung cancer. Using murine models and human-derived tumor cell lines, we show that LDHB silencing impairs glutathione (GSH) levels and sensitizes cancer cells to blockade of either GSH biosynthesis or utilization by unleashing KRAS-specific, ferroptosis-catalyzed metabolic synthetic lethality, culminating in increased glutamine metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS). We further show that LDHB suppression upregulates STAT1, a negative regulator of SLC7A11, thereby reducing SLC7A11-dependent GSH metabolism. Our study uncovers a previously undefined mechanism of ferroptosis resistance involving LDH isoenzymes and provides a novel rationale for exploiting oncogene-specific ferroptosis susceptibility to treat KRAS-driven lung cancer.
Deep learning biomarker of chronometric and biological ischemic stroke lesion age from unenhanced CT
Authors: Marcus Adam , Mair Grant , Chen Liang , Hallett Charles , Cuervas-Mons Claudia Ghezzou , Roi Dylan , Rueckert Daniel , Bentley Paul
Published: December 2024

Estimating progression of acute ischemic brain lesions – or biological lesion age - holds huge practical importance for hyperacute stroke management. The current best method for determining lesion age from non-contrast computerised tomography (NCCT), measures Relative Intensity (RI), termed Net Water Uptake (NWU). We optimised lesion age estimation from NCCT using a convolutional neural network – radiomics (CNN-R) model trained upon chronometric lesion age (Onset Time to Scan: OTS), while validating against chronometric and biological lesion age in external datasets (N = 1945). Coefficients of determination (R2) for OTS prediction, using CNN-R, and RI models were 0.58 and 0.32 respectively; while CNN-R estimated OTS showed stronger associations with ischemic core:penumbra ratio, than RI and chronometric, OTS (ρ2 = 0.37, 0.19, 0.11); and with early lesion expansion (regression coefficients >2x for CNN-R versus others) (all comparisons: p < 0.05). Concluding, deep-learning analytics of NCCT lesions is approximately twice as accurate as NWU for estimating chronometric and biological lesion ages.
Biogenic Silica Nanoparticles and Composites for Supercapacitors
Authors: Thakur Abhinay , Kumar Ashish
Published: December 2024

The field of biogenic silica nanoparticles (BSNPs) and their application in supercapacitors is experiencing rapid expansion due to their unique properties and potential benefits for energy storage devices. BSNPs offer several advantages over conventional silica nanoparticles, including biocompatibility, high surface area, and low toxicity. These characteristics make them an attractive option for supercapacitor electrodes, where efficient energy storage and release are crucial. One key advantage of BSNPs is their cost-effectiveness, as they can be synthesized using readily available natural sources such as rice husks, diatoms, or siliceous sponges. This makes their production economically feasible, contributing to the scalability of supercapacitor technology. Additionally, the facile synthesis methods and environmentally friendly nature of BSNPs align with the growing demand for sustainable energy solutions. This chapter provides an overview of recent advancements in synthesizing, fabricating, and utilizing BSNPs and their composites for supercapacitor electrodes. It highlights diverse strategies employed in preparing BSNPs and their composites, emphasizing surface modification techniques, nanostructuring methods, and composite formations with conductive materials. Additionally, the discussion delves into the electrochemical performance of these materials in supercapacitor devices, evaluating parameters such as specific capacitance, cycling stability, and rate capability. Furthermore, the chapter explores the potential of BSNPs and their composites in enhancing key metrics of supercapacitor performance, including power density, energy density, and cycle stability. By leveraging the unique properties of BSNPs and tailoring their compositions through composite formations, researchers aim to overcome existing limitations and advance the development of efficient and sustainable energy storage solutions for diverse applications.
Biogenic Silica as Filler Material for Elastomers
Authors: Biswal Trinath
Published: December 2024

Biogenic amorphous silica (BAS) is a substitute of natural origin, especially from living organisms such as plants and unicellular organisms. In some plant species, a fraction of the BAS is present externally in a specific point shape or in the shape of reswelling fibers. It is produced by in vivo biomineralization and is cost-effective, which avoids the unnecessary use of toxic materials or chemical substances. The diatomic biogenic silica possesses many interesting properties, such as a huge surface area, excellent chemical inertness, 3D patterns of micropatterning to nanopatterning of pores, good biocompatibility, distinctive optical properties, adequate mechanical properties, etc. The biogenic silica short fibers, or modified fiber (MF), on modification with vinyltrimethoxysilane can be made into composites with polyisoprene rubber and chlorosulphonated polyethylene rubber, showing the properties of high tensile strength, hardness, resistance to swelling, and thermal stability. Hence, the biogenic silica can be effectively applied as an excellent filler material for many elastomers, and the composite obtained can be used successfully in many important applications such as biomedicine, photonics, energy storage, separation technology, sensing, and energy conversion. However, more research must be done for the commercialization and industrialization of this amazing fiber material.
Crystallographic analysis of G-clamp–RNA complex assisted by large scale RNA-binding profile
Authors: Nagasawa Ryosuke , Onizuka Kazumitsu , Kawamura Karen , Tsuzuki Kosuke , Murase Hirotaka , Komatsu Kaoru R. , Miyashita Emi , Saito Hirohide , Kondo Jiro , Nagatsugi Fumi
Published: December 2024

This study describes the X-ray crystal structure of a complex between a G-clamp and an internal loop motif of pre-mir-125a, selected from high affinity RNAs identified in a large-scale RNA-binding profile.
Activation of biochar by CO2 produced from the same pyrolysis process and captured in situ by CaO
Authors: Fan Mengjiao , Shao Yuewen , Li Chao , Jiang Yuchen , Guo Yunyu , Zhang Shu , Sun Kai , Wang Yi , Hu Xun
Published: December 2024

CaO captures CO2 from pyrolysis, forming CaCO3 that activates biochar via decomposition.
Main advances in the application of scorpionate-based catalytic systems for the preparation of sustainable polymers
Authors: Sánchez-Barba Luis F. , Garcés Andrés , Lara-Sánchez Agustín , Navarro Marta , González-Lizana David
Published: December 2024

Since the seminal work by Trofimenko (1960s), scorpionate ligands have emerged as pivotal components in the field of coordination chemistry and catalysis. They have demonstrated a remarkable versatility for the preparation of sustainable polymers.
Recent advances in low-temperature nitrogen oxide reduction: effects of electric field application
Authors: Shigemoto Ayaka , Sekine Yasushi
Published: December 2024

This article presents a review of catalytic processes used at low temperatures to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and nitrous oxide (N2O), which are exceedingly important in terms of their environmental impacts on the Earth.
First-principles study of the hydrogen storage properties of Irida-graphene
Authors: Sun Yanhong , Chen Yuhong , Yang Menglin , Zhou Kun , Sun Jialin , Zhao Kongyang , Xu Lai
Published: December 2024

The hydrogen storage properties of the 2D carbon allotrope Irida-graphene (IG) were investigated using first-principles calculation.
Defect dependent electronic properties of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2H, 1T, and 1T′ phases)
Authors: Hanedar Berna Akgenc , Onbaşlı Mehmet Cengiz
Published: December 2024

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit a wide range of electronic properties due to their structural diversity.
Structural complexity of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonate metal complexes
Authors: Rusli Olivia , Lloyd Williams Oscar H. , Chakraborty Papri , Neumaier Marco , Hennrich Frank , Bakels Sjors , Hes Kevin , Rijs Anouk M. , Ucur Boris , Ellis Shane R. , Pachulicz River J. , Pukala Tara L. , Rijs Nicole J.
Published: December 2024

Ubiquitous but wily to define! Ion mobility mass spectrometry together with DFT determines the fundamental coexisting isomers in glyphosate and aminomethylphosphinic acid (AMPA) complexes, including unique selectivity due to the metal or ligand.
Operando spectroscopy unravels the nature of deactivating species and their precursors in alkene oligomerization catalysis
Authors: Hijazi Nibras , Navarro de Miguel Juan Carlos , Cerrillo Jose Luis , Khairova Rushana , Gong Xuan , Abou-Hamad Edy , Ruiz-Martínez Javier , Gascon Jorge
Published: December 2024

Operando UV-vis spectroscopy reveals that highly alkylated benzenes and long-chain oligomers are major deactivating species in zeolite-catalyzed propene oligomerization.
Selective electroreduction of CO2 to formate by a heterogenized Ir complex using H2O as an electron/hydrogen source
Authors: Jung Jieun , Lee Keun Woo , Sakamoto Naonari , Kaliyamoorthy Selvam , Wakabayashi Taku , Kamada Kenji , Sekizawa Keita , Sato Shunsuke , Suzuki Tomiko M. , Morikawa Takeshi , Saito Susumu
Published: December 2024

A new PNNP-coordinated iridium complex, Mes-IrPPh2, immobilized on carbon was a superior catalyst for the CO2 electrochemical reduction in water to give formate, allowing the solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency of 13.7%.
Macroscopic alignment of metal–organic framework crystals: recent advances and perspectives on sustainability
Authors: Bak Yeongseo , Hong Taegyun , Park Jesse G. , Yoon Dong Ki
Published: December 2024

We review in situ and post-synthetic methods for controlling the orientation of metal–organic frameworks. This review highlights recent achievements in post-synthetic approaches and their implications for sustainability in green technologies.
Comparison of nanosecond and femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for determination of U and Th in tantalum–niobium ores
Authors: Liu Xiaoliang , Ren Shichao , Zhang Ming , Peng Lingling , Zhang Ye , Meng Xiangting , Wu Shujia , Li Yuhong , Liu Lin , Sun Shaohua
Published: December 2024

Fs-LIBS outperforms ns-LIBS for quantitative U and Th analysis in Ta–Nb ores, reducing calibration errors and improving accuracy. Combined with PLSR, fs-LIBS enhances predictive capability for spectral complexity in ore analysis.
Three new natural secondary reference materials for in situ andradite U–Pb geochronology
Authors: Yang Yueheng , Wu Shitou , Wang Hao , Kamo Sandra L. , Ma Qian , Liang Ting , Xu Lei , Xie Liewen , Huang Chao , Wan Bo , Yang Jinhui , Wu Fuyuan
Published: December 2024

In this study, three natural andradite samples (MKWB, DGS, and Stanley) have been characterised and assessed as potential secondary reference materials for in situ U–Pb geochronology.
Exploiting the DCAF16–SPIN4 interaction to identify DCAF16 ligands for PROTAC development
Authors: Riha Isabella A. , Campos Miguel A. , Jin Xiaokang , Wang Fiona Y. , Zhang Chenlu , Dunne Sara F. , Cravatt Benjamin F. , Zhang Xiaoyu
Published: December 2024

An HTRF assay was developed to measure the DCAF16–SPIN4 interaction and was subsequently employed to screen for DCAF16 recruiters. A hit compound, 2G07, was identified and further optimized into a PROTAC for the targeted degradation of FKBP12.
Space-confined mediation of electron transfer for efficient biomolecular solar conversion
Authors: Jacquet Margot , Izzo Miriam , Wróbel Piotr , Strawski Marcin , Trotta Massimo , Jurczakowski Rafał , Kargul Joanna
Published: December 2024

We report the discovery of an innovative and sustainable strategy for advanced electron transfer (ET) mediation in photosystem I-based biohybrid materials by applying a new concept of space-confined redox mediators at the abiotic–biotic interface.
Synthesis of heterogeneous nanocatalysts comprising polyoxometalate ionic liquid-based magnetic nanocomposites for oxidation of thiobenzoic acid and 2,2′-dinitro-5,5′-dithiodibenzoic acid
Authors: Aziz Tariq , Alqarni Areej S. , Ullah Hameed , Shehzad Farooq Khurrum , Sohail Muhammad , Tariq Muhammad , Khan Khalid Ali , Asif Hafiz Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Catalytic oxidation of thiobenzoic acid and 2,2′-dinitro-5,5′-dithiodibenzoic acid using MoVPOM-IL@Fe3O4@SiO2 as catalyst in the presence of H2O2 at room temperature.
Synergy of morphology and phosphorization for enhanced peroxymonosulfate activation over magnetic Fe3O4 catalysts
Authors: Lu Haidong , Tang Congming , Ma Kai , Li Xinli
Published: December 2024

The P-RC-Fe3O4/PMS system was suggested for removal of tetracycline and displayed a high TC degradation efficiency. Phosphorization markedly enhanced the catalytic performance for TC degradation.
Indium(iii) complexes with Schiff base-derived polydentate ligands: chemotherapeutic, radiochemotherapeutic, and radiosensitizer potentials against breast tumor cells
Authors: Aguirre Andrea R. , Parrilha Gabrieli L. , Braga Gabriel Henrique C. , Dos Santos Raquel G. , Beraldo Heloisa
Published: December 2024

In(iii) and 114mIn(iii) complexes with polydentate Schiff base-derived ligands showed cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast tumor cells. The In(iii) complexes presented radiosensitizer effects, improving the efficacy of radiotherapy.
Correction: Calix[4]pyrrole bis-crowns as ion pair receptors: cation selectivity modulated by counter anions
Authors: Yang Ju Ho , Oh Ju Hyun , Kwon Seung-Ryong , Kim Sung Kuk
Published: December 2024

Correction for ‘Calix[4]pyrrole bis-crowns as ion pair receptors: cation selectivity modulated by counter anions’ by Ju Ho Yang et al., Org. Chem. Front., 2024, 11, 6096–6103, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4QO01401D.
Investigating the photophysical properties of rhodamines using a spectroscopic single-molecule fluorescence method
Authors: Deng Shangyuan , Yi Deqi , Rujiralai Thitima , Ren Qinghua , Tan Chuang , Ma Jie
Published: December 2024

Using a custom spectroscopic single-molecule fluorescence (sSMF) instrument, three rhodamine species were distinguished within a single sample with RhB-2 exhibiting superior photostability.
Physicochemical characterization and antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles prepared by amidated low-methoxyl pectin
Authors: Li Pei-Jun , Xie Run-Sheng , Pan Jiang-Juan , Jiang Yu-Qiu , Liu Xing
Published: December 2024

The modification of pectin through amidation and the preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with excellent antibacterial properties were achieved. The antibacterial mechanism was investigated at the cellular level.
Magnetically retrievable carbon-wrapped CNT/Ni nanospheres as efficient catalysts for nitroaromatic reduction
Authors: Mithila Sumaya Nur , Reaz Akter Hossain , Farhana Fatema Zerin , Shiddiky Muhammad J. A. , Firoz Shakhawat H.
Published: December 2024

A simple approach is developed to synthesize carbon-wrapped CNT/Ni nanospheres with magnetic retrievability, significantly improving catalytic performance for reducing environmental pollutants.
Expression of concern: Insulin loaded iron magnetic nanoparticle–graphene oxide composites: synthesis, characterization and application for in vivo delivery of insulin
Authors: Turcheniuk Kostiantyn , Khanal Manakamana , Motorina Anastasiia , Subramanian Palaniappan , Barras Alexandre , Zaitsev Vladimir , Kuncser Victor , Leca Aurel , Martoriati Alain , Cailliau Katia , Bodart Jean-Francois , Boukherroub Rabah , Szunerits Sabine
Published: December 2024

Expression of concern for ‘Insulin loaded iron magnetic nanoparticle–graphene oxide composites: synthesis, characterization and application for in vivo delivery of insulin’ by Kostiantyn Turcheniuk et al., RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 865–875, https://doi.org/10.1039/C3RA46307A.
Expression of concern: Sensing of COVID-19 spike protein in nasopharyngeal samples using a portable surface plasmon resonance diagnostic system
Authors: Saada Hiba , Pagneux Quentin , Wei James , Live Ludovic , Roussel Alain , Dogliani Alexis , Die Morini Lycia , Engelmann Ilka , Alidjinou Enagnon Kazali , Rolland Anne Sophie , Faure Emmanuel , Poissy Julien , Labreuche Julien , Lee Gil , Li Peng , Curran Gerard , Jawhari Anass , Yunda Jhonny A. , Melinte Sorin , Legay Axel , Gala Jean-Luc , Devos David , Boukherroub Rabah , Szunerits Sabine
Published: December 2024

Expression of concern for ‘Sensing of COVID-19 spike protein in nasopharyngeal samples using a portable surface plasmon resonance diagnostic system’ by Hiba Saada et al., Sens. Diagn., 2022, 1, 1021–1031, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2SD00087C.
Mesoporous gold decorated MXene (Ti3C2Tx) flexible composite films for photo-enhanced solid-state micro-supercapacitors
Authors: Luo Yijia , Que Wenxiu , Nugraha Asep Sugih , Kang Yunqing , Tang Yi , Wu Zhenwei , Henzie Joel , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: December 2024

Unique mesoporous Au NPs improved the capacitance, electrical conductivity, cycling stability and photocurrent response of MXene-based film electrodes.
Porous polymer in polymer structure created using carbon dots for high-performance gel polymer electrolytes
Authors: Huang Zun-Hui , Sun Hao-Wen , Song Tian-Bing , Ni Jia-Wen , Xiong Huan-Ming
Published: December 2024

Porous PEO@PVDF–HFP, created using carbon dots for liquid electrolyte absorption, forms highly conductive gel polymer electrolytes, which are assembled into lithium metal batteries, demonstrating excellent cycling stability at room temperature.
Managing film crystallization via low-toxic antisolvents: stabilizing Ag3BiI6 perovskite-like solar cells under ambient conditions
Authors: A. B. Kaveramma , Chakraborty Abhishek , Balakrishna R. Geetha
Published: December 2024

Xylene and xylene mixed petroleum ether have been identified as a promising antisolvent for achieving controlled nucleation and growth. Their application promotes the suppression of AgI secondary phase formation of pinhole-free and optimally loaded Ag3BiI6 absorbers, contributing higher efficiency, lead-free perovskite solar cells.
Photodegradable polyacrylamide tanglemers enable spatiotemporal control over chain lengthening in high-strength and low-hysteresis hydrogels
Authors: Lee Joshua S. , Kirkpatrick Bruce E. , Dhand Abhishek P. , Hibbard Lea Pearl , Nelson Benjamin R. , Skillin Nathaniel P. , Johnson Makayla C. , Batan Dilara , Fairbanks Benjamin D. , White Timothy J. , Bowman Christopher N. , Burdick Jason A. , Anseth Kristi S.
Published: December 2024

Polyacrylamide tanglemers with photodegradable crosslinkers afford spatiotemporal control over the stability of entanglement-trapping crosslinks, influencing regional swelling and increased extensibility via chain lengthening.
Linking glycosphingolipid metabolism to disease-related changes in the plasma membrane proteome
Authors: Monkhouse Holly , Deane Janet E.
Published: December 2024

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are vital components of the plasma membrane (PM), where they play crucial roles in cell function. GSLs form specialised membrane microdomains that organise lipids and proteins into functional platforms for cell adhesion and signalling. GSLs can also influence the function of membrane proteins and receptors, via direct protein-lipid interactions thereby affecting cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Research into GSL-related diseases has primarily focussed on lysosomal storage disorders, where defective enzymes lead to the accumulation of GSLs within lysosomes, causing cellular dysfunction and disease. However, recent studies are uncovering the broader cellular impact of GSL imbalances including on a range of organelles and cellular compartments such as the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and PM. In this review we describe the mechanisms by which GSL imbalances can influence the PM protein composition and explore examples of the changes that have been observed in the PM proteome upon GSL metabolic disruption. Identifying and understanding these changes to the PM protein composition will enable a more complete understanding of lysosomal storage diseases and provide new insights into the pathogenesis of other GSL-related diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
The integrin adhesome and control of anti-tumour immunity
Authors: Webb Emily R. , Black Annabel , Barth Nicole D. , Symeonides Stefan N. , Brunton Valerie G.
Published: December 2024

It is widely regarded that the anti-tumour immune response drives clearance of tumours and leads to prolonged survival in patients. However, tumours are adept at reprogramming the surrounding microenvironment to an immunosuppressive milieu to prevent successful immune directed killing. Adhesion of cells to the extracellular matrix is essential for regulating cellular processes such as survival, proliferation and migration. This adhesion is largely conducted via integrins and their related intracellular signalling networks. Adhesion proteins such as focal adhesion kinase (FAK) are expressed in both tumour cells and cells of the surrounding microenvironment, and are often dysregulated in cancers. Recent work has demonstrated that adhesion proteins are contributing to regulation of the immunosuppressive microenvironment within tumours, and could provide a new avenue to target in combination with immunotherapies. Here, we provide an overview of the effort being made to elucidate the roles adhesion proteins play in modulating anti-tumour responses within a variety of cancer settings. In particular we focus on the multifaceted role of FAK within the tumour immune microenvironment. Finally, we summarise the data in clinical trials, where targeting FAK is being exploited to prime the tumour microenvironment and create potent responses when combined with immunotherapies.
A compact wideband dielectric resonator antenna with optimized inhomogeneous material distribution
Authors: Bellundagi Trupti , Yang Binbin
Published: December 2024

This article proposes a novel compact wideband dielectric resonator antenna design that incorporates inhomogeneous material distribution in a cubic structure. Specifically, in this design, the cubic dielectric resonator antenna is divided into multiple small blocks, and a continuous genetic algorithm is employed to optimize the material property of each block in order to maximize the radiation bandwidth. As a result, a cubic dielectric resonator antenna with inhomogeneous material distributions is designed and tested. In measurement, the proposed compact dielectric resonator antenna design exhibits 64.9% impedance bandwidth (4.08–8 GHz), considerably higher than the bandwidth of the initial homogeneous dielectric resonator antenna. The maximum system gain achieved over the frequency range is 9 dB at 7 GHz, with a peak measured system efficiency of 90.6%.
Multi‐target cognitive electronic reconnaissance for unmanned aerial vehicles based on scene reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Yun , You Shixun , Yan Yunbin , Ou Qiaofeng , Liu Jie , Chen Ling , Zhu Xiang
Published: December 2024

Model‐free deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is regarded as an effective approach for multi‐target cognitive electronic reconnaissance (MCER) missions. However, DRL networks with poor generalisation can significantly reduce mission completion rates when parameters such as reconnaissance area size, target number, and platform speed vary slightly. To address this issue, this paper introduces a novel scene reconstruction method for MCER missions and a mission group adaptive transfer deep reinforcement learning (MTDRL) algorithm. The algorithm enables quick adaptation of reconnaissance strategies for varied mission scenes by transferring strategy templates and compressing multi‐target perception states. To validate the method, the authors developed a transfer learning model for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) MCER. Three sets of experiments are conducted by varying the reconnaissance area size, the target number, and the platform speed. The results show that the MTDRL algorithm outperforms two commonly used DRL algorithms, with an 18% increase in mission completion rate and a 5.49 h reduction in training time. Furthermore, the mission completion rate of the MTDRL algorithm is much higher than that of a typical non‐DRL algorithm. The UAV demonstrates stable hovering and repeat reconnaissance behaviours at the radar detection boundary, ensuring flight safety during missions.
Study on ultrasonic-assisted abrasive flow polishing of internal flow channels in additive manufacturing
Authors: LIU Weiwei , WU Yizhou , LI Haoran , LUO Ziyan , LIU Jinjin , WANG Zhanshuang
Published: December 2024

By studying the movement of ultrasonically assisted abrasives, combined with simulation experiments of abrasive flow in internal flow channels, the study on ultrasonic assisted abrasive flow machining of internal flow channels in additive manufacturing is carried out. Simulations were performed on the channels of AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy printed components, yielding the optimal process parameters for abrasive flow machining: a processing pressure of 10 MPa, abrasive particle size of 270 mesh, and abrasive concentration of 60%. By comparing the surface morphology of the combined straight and curved flow channels before and after applying ultrasonically assisted abrasive flow machining, it was evident that the application of ultrasonic assistance yielded superior removal of surface defects on additive manufacturing parts. However, its ability to remove the spheroidization effect in deeper concave areas is limited. The efficiency of abrasive flow machining and the surface quality of the parts were enhanced with the incorporation of ultrasonic vibration. Under the optimal polishing process parameter combination of an ultrasonic frequency of 20 kHz, a tool head amplitude of 30 μm, and a processing time of 360 s, the surface roughness (Ra) of the straight section reduced to 0.165 5 μm, while the surface roughness (Ra) of the curved section reduced to 0.371 8 μm.
Review on microstructure and properties of joints welded by using high-energy beam
Authors: CHU Qiang , MAO Yue , XIE Hong , REN Changjing , LI Wenya , YANG Xiawei , FAN Wenlong
Published: December 2024

Due to the advantages of small deformation, high energy density and welding efficiency, the high-energy beam welding technology has played an important role in aerospace, rail transportation and other advanced manufacturing fields. The existing study shows that the high-energy beam welding could realize high-quality joining of similar/dissimilar materials, such as superalloy, titanium alloy, high-entropy alloy, aluminum alloy and others. The development and physical process of two representative technologies, electron beam welding and laser welding, are briefly introduced. The study on the microstructure feature and mechanical property as well as the effect of the post-weld heat treatment for the two processes are mainly discussed.
Small interval interpolation fitting bootstrapping method based on residue number system
Authors: LI Huixian , WANG Fulei , SHEN Chun , LIU Shiyuan , PANG Liaojun
Published: December 2024

Aiming at the problem that the bootstrapping time of approximate homomorphic encryption scheme is too long, a small interval interpolation fitting method based on residue system is proposed. In this paper, the sinusoidal function by using interpolating and fitting method between the multiple cells to avoid the increase in bootstrapping time or decrease in calculation accuracy caused by the high degree of fitting polynomial is calculated. And the efficiency of modular multiplication and modular inversion in the calculation process is improved by combining the residual system. Lagrange interpolation polynomial is used to interpolate and fit the sine function among different intervals. The comparison function is implemented by the compound implementation of low-degree polynomials, and an interval judgment algorithm is proposed to identify the interval of the ciphertext. Finally, under the precision of 24 bits, the modular operation time in the bootstrapping process decreased to 8% of the HEAAN. When the number of slots is 65 536, the average module operation time per slot is 0.028 ms.
Enhancing Linear Programming Education Through Comprehensive and Maritime Relevant Teaching Materials
Authors: Putri Nurul Hilda Syani , Fera Mirta , Siregar Nur Asma Riani
Published: December 2024

This research aims to identify the needs of students for teaching materials in the Linear Programming course at Raja Ali Haji Maritime University, emphasizing the completeness of the material and its relevance to maritime contexts. The findings indicate that most students struggle to find textbooks that cover all the necessary topics in Linear Programming. They reported that the existing learning resources do not adequately address all of the subjects being taught. Furthermore, the teaching materials currently in use have not been integrated with maritime contexts, despite their significance for students living in the maritime-based region of the Riau Islands. This research recommends developing teaching materials that are more comprehensive, easily accessible, and aligned with maritime contexts to enhance learning effectiveness and increase the material's relevance to students' everyday lives. Ultimately, creating teaching resources that incorporate the local context can support the vision of maritime-based education in the Riau Islands and strengthen students' competencies as they prepare to face challenges in a job market that increasingly demands skills connected to real-world applications.