bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Realizing triality and $p$-ality by lattice twisted gauging in (1+1)d quantum spin systems
Authors: Lu Da-Chuan , Sun Zhengdi , You Yi-Zhuang
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we study the twisted gauging on the (1+1)d lattice and construct various non-local mappings on the lattice operators. To be specific, we define the twisted Gauss law operator and implement the twisted gauging of the finite group on the lattice motivated by the orbifolding procedure in the conformal field theory, which involves the data of non-trivial element in the second cohomology group of the gauge group. We show the twisted gauging is equivalent to the two-step procedure of first applying the SPT entangler and then untwisted gauging. We use the twisted gauging to construct the triality (order 3) and pp-ality (order pp) mapping on the \mathbb{Z}_p× \mathbb{Z}_pℤp×ℤp symmetric Hamiltonians, where pp is a prime. Such novel non-local mappings generalize Kramers-Wannier duality and they preserve the locality of symmetric operators but map charged operators to non-local ones. We further construct quantum process to realize these non-local mappings and analyze the induced mappings on the phase diagrams. For theories that are invariant under these non-local mappings, they admit the corresponding non-invertible symmetries. The non-invertible symmetry will constrain the theory at the multicritical point between the gapped phases. We further give the condition when the non-invertible symmetry can have symmetric gapped phase with a unique ground state.
Prolonged catamnesis of a child with type I mucopolysaccharidosis, Gurler syndrome, receiving enzyme replacement therapy
Authors: Sabirova D. R. , Kamalova A. A. , Akhmadullina A. A. , Artykova N. A. , Sabirova L. A.
Published: November 2024

Hereditary pathology makes up a significant part of the structure of childhood morbidity, disability and mortality. Mucopolysaccharidosis type I is a hereditary lysosomal accumulation disease, with an autosomal recessive type of inheritance. At birth, children with Gurler syndrome look normal, but in the future, they develop symptoms characteristic of mucopolysaccharidosis, and the first clinical manifestations of the disease are often hernias and hepatosplenomegaly. The presented clinical case demonstrates the difficulties of early diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis type I, which lead to a later prescription of enzyme replacement therapy and the inability to use a more effective method of therapy – hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, due to the development of serious manifestations of the cardiovascular system. While the positive effects of enzyme replacement therapy in the early stages of treatment may seem promising, it does not guarantee a favorable prognosis for the future.

Conclusion. Currently, early diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis type I is difficult due to the lack of early manifestations. Often, the progression of clinical manifestations leads to disability, and in severe cases, to death. Therefore, it is important to have early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders in children: what pediatricians should know
Authors: Kurmaeva E. A. , Solovieva N. A. , Kulakova G. A. , Volgina S. Ya. , Rudnitskaya A. A. , Mukhametshina A. A.
Published: November 2024

The issue of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children is a significant concern at present. In the Russian Federation, there has been a rapid increase in the incidence of ASD and the number of children diagnosed with this condition, making childhood autism a major medical and social issue. Pediatricians need to be trained in the diagnostic criteria for early identification of this disorder. The main diagnostic methods involve monitoring the child’s development, with the district pediatrician playing a crucial role. The knowledge and expertise of the doctor significantly influences the timeliness of diagnosis and the prescription of appropriate interventions, which can lead to positive outcomes and prevent further symptom progression. It is essential for pediatricians to carefully listen to families’ concerns about any developmental or behavioral issues in their children. According to our research, 32% of families did not receive timely assistance. The most common complaint made by parents was delayed speech development and impaired communication. To identify autism spectrum disorders, doctors should regularly assess a child’s neuropsychiatric development and monitor them in various situations to assess their behavior and interaction with others. If any deviations are detected, a questionnaire such as the M-CHAT (a modified list of questions for detecting autism in children) should be used and the patient referred to a psychiatrist for further consultation. Our study highlighted the need for pediatricians to better understand the signs and symptoms of autism spectrum disorders.
Medical and social aspects of child abuse: the role of a pediatrician
Authors: Volgina S. Ya. , Gamirova R. G. , Solovyeva N. A. , Kulakova G. A. , Kurmayeva E. A. , Kurbanova Y. S.
Published: November 2024

This article provides an overview of child abuse, describing the scale of the problem and the factors that put children at risk of abuse and neglect. It also discusses the trauma experienced in childhood and how it contributes to the development of disorders in the physical and mental health of victims later in life. After examining the legal definitions of child abuse, common clinical findings and diagnostic strategies are reviewed to enable the pediatrician to differentiate between accidental and intentional injury to a child. An algorithm for further doctor’s actions is presented. It is shown that a three-tiered system of medical and social support is effectively operating in the Republic of Tatarstan to assist children in difficult situations and prevent socially dangerous situations. Family, administrative, and criminal laws establish responsibility for violation of parental obligations.
Exploring value co-creation strategies to improve e-reputation in the hotel industry: insights from Fez, Morocco
Authors: Lazrak Youssra , El Idrissi Tissafi Amina , Boukharrazi Rachid
Published: November 2024

In the context of a rapidly evolving digital landscape, the co-creation of value with customers has gained importance in both academic and business realms, particularly within the hospitality sector. This study aims to analyze the integration of value co-creation strategies to enhance the online reputation of hotels, with a focus on active customer involvement. Using a qualitative research strategy, the study involved semi-structured, in-person interviews with twenty hotel managers from various hotels in Fez, Morocco. Thematic analysis of the interview data, conducted using NVivo 14 software, highlighted the critical role of value co-creation, customer experience, and e-reputation in enhancing hotels’ online reputation. Key sub-themes identified under value co-creation include active collaboration, innovation based on customer needs, and taking into account online comments. Regular online surveys were also significant for gathering customer proposals. In terms of customer experience, themes such as engagement, satisfaction, and perception were prominent. E-reputation management emerged as crucial, with sub-themes including real-time monitoring and response, integrating feedback into improvement processes, adopting advanced tools, and adapting online reputation strategies based on continuous feedback. The results underscore the interconnectedness of customer engagement, experience, and e-reputation. Integrating strategies that consider online comments and adopt advanced tools significantly improves the online reputation of hotels. Conclusions advocate for a cohesive approach prioritizing customer experience and continuous improvement, through innovative technologies and strategic adjustments to meet evolving customer needs, fostering a positive and enduring hotel online presence.
Corporate tax collection in times of Covid-19 pandemic: An analysis of the Peruvian economy
Authors: Leyla Yupanqui-Castillo Ana , Werner-Masters Katarzyna , Cordova-Buiza Franklin
Published: November 2024

Tax collection is a source of financing expenses for governments, including the mitigation of the social and economic impacts of diverse disruptions. This applies to Peru, where the amount of corporate tax collected during the Covid-19 pandemic showed a notable variation. This study aims to analyze the impact of various tax management initiatives of the Peruvian government on tax collection during the pandemic from 2019 to 2021. The methodology employs a quantitative approach with a non-experimental research design and longitudinal measurement. Documentary analysis was applied to examine data composed of annual statistical reports relevant to the tax administration organization in Peru, videos, documentaries, conferences, and information related to tax collection. The findings clearly show a fiscal slowdown in 2020 as a consequence of the pandemic; however, considerable growth in tax revenues across different tax regimes, geographic areas of the country, economic sectors, and categories of different taxes collected were reported in 2021. This outcome results from the implementation of various fiscal tax relief measures in the early stages of the pandemic, with their effect being observed in 2021. Thus, it is argued that these measures contributed to the reactivation of the business economy in Peru, improving the country’s economic situation.
Impact of chemical oxygen demand to nitrogen ratio on ANAMMOX bacterial growth in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor
Authors: Msimango Sandile S. , Nasr Mahmoud , Bux Faizal , Kumari Sheena
Published: November 2024

While several studies have investigated the effect of varying carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios on the ANAMMOX performance, there is still a research gap in illustrating the shift in 16S rRNA gene copy number and functional microbial population during operation. Hence, this study focuses on utilizing a reference gene and target functional genes to demonstrate the synergetic interaction between ANAMMOX, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), using an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) under different C/N conditions. It was demonstrated that elevating the C/N ratio from 1.0 to 2.0 reduced the COD and NH4+-N removal efficiencies from 80.12 to 48.62% and from 88.99 to 72.59%, respectively. Based on the qPCR evaluation, at the C/N ratio of 1.5, the abundance of ANAMMOX, AOB, Nitrobacter, and Nitrospira was 2.52 × 106, 82, 5.39 × 103, and 12.98 × 103 copies/μL, respectively. However, with the further increase of C/N ratio to 2.0, their abundance was reduced to 1.09 × 106, 46, 0.98 × 103, and 3.47 × 103 copies/μL, respectively. The expression of hzo gene encoding for hydrazine dehydrogenase was 169-folds at C/N = 1 and almost inhibited at C/N = 2. The results of microbial population structure using 16S rRNA reverse transcriptase (RT)-qPCR technique depicted a competition between ANAMMOX and heterotrophic bacteria for the available substrate at higher C/N ratios.
Therapeutic Potential of Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies (nMAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant
Authors: Parua Pijus , Ghosh Somnath , Jana Koushik , Seth Arnab , Debnath Biplab , Rout Saroj Kumar , Sarangi Manoj Kumar , Dash Rasmita , Halder Jitu , Rajwar Tushar Kanti , Pradhan Deepak , Rai Vineet Kumar , Dash Priyanka , Das Chandan , Kar Biswakanth , Ghosh Goutam , Rath Goutam
Published: November 2024

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred significant endeavors to devise treatments to
combat SARS-CoV-2. A limited array of small-molecule antiviral drugs, specifically monoclonal antibodies
and interferon therapy, have been sanctioned to treat COVID-19. These treatments typically necessitate administration
within ten days of symptom onset. There have been reported reductions in the effectiveness of
these medications due to mutations in non-structural protein genes, particularly against Omicron subvariants.
This underscores the pressing requirement for healthcare systems to continually monitor pathogen variability
and its impact on the efficacy of prevention and treatments.

Aim:

This review aimed to comprehend the therapeutic benefits and recent progress of nMAbs for preventing
and treating the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2.

Results and Discussion:

Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nMAbs) provide a treatment avenue for severely
affected individuals, especially those at high risk for whom vaccination is not viable. With their specific
epitope affinity, they pose no significant risk of severe adverse effects. The degree of reduction in neutralization
varies significantly across different monoclonal antibodies and variant combinations. For instance, Sotrovimab
maintained its neutralization effectiveness against Omicron BA.1, but exhibited diminished efficacy
against BA.2, BA.4, BA.5, and BA.2.12.1.

Conclusion:

Bebtelovimab has been observed to preserve its efficacy against all subtypes of the Omicron variant.
Subsequently, WKS13, mAb-39, 19n01, F61-d2 cocktail, etc., have become effective. This review has
highlighted the therapeutic implications of nMAbs in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron treatment and the progress of
COVID-19 drug discovery.
Recent CFD-based Numerical Wave Tank Research Methods
Authors: Liu Hongbo , Lin Yuze , Yang Xiaodong
Published: November 2024

Background:

With the increasing arithmetic power of computers, computer-based numerical
simulation provides a more advantageous method for building wave tanks.

Objective:

By introducing the principles of numerical wave tanks and analyzing the latest progress in
numerical wave tank research, we consider the future direction of numerical wave tanks and propose
the feasibility of future development for the readers' reference.

Methods:

This paper systematically describes the history of the development of numerical wave
tanks. It summarizes the current development and research status of numerical wave tanks by analyzing
the current literature and patents on their study to pave the way for the subsequent discussion and
outlook on critical technologies.

Results:

Through the research and analysis of numerical wave tanks, the current research status of
critical technologies of numerical wave tanks is summarized to derive the key technologies applied
to establish numerical wave tanks, discuss each key technology, and look forward to the direction of
future development of numerical tanks.

Conclusion:

Finally, based on analyzing and comparing the current situation and critical technologies
of numerical tanks, the future development trend of numerical wave tanks is predicted, and it is
believed that numerical wave tanks will also have more efficient performance with the development
of computer arithmetic power.
Regenerative Endodontics Research Performance and Trend in Saudi Arabia: A Visualized Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Hakeem Muhannad M. , Mirah Mahir A. , Bafail Arwa , Hamadallah Hatem Hazzaa , Alqutaibi Ahmed Yaseen
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study aims to explore and characterize Saudi Arabia's research contributions to the emerging field of regenerative endodontics through a bibliometric analysis. The goal is to assess the growth, impact, and collaboration patterns of Saudi research in this promising area of dentistry

Methods

A comprehensive search of the Web of Science database was performed without limitations. Search terms related to regenerative endodontics were combined with terms specifying Saudi Arabia. Bibliometric indicators and visualization tools like Biblioshiny and VOSviewer were used to analyze and map publication trends, collaborations, and citation patterns.

Results

A total of 113 articles were included. Publication output grew exponentially, peaking at 24 articles in 2021. King Abdulaziz University and King Saud University led research productivity. The Journal of Endodontics, The Journal of Personalized Medicine and the Saudi Dental Journal primarily disseminated this scholarship. Citation levels peaked in 2017. Collaborations were observed with countries including the US, Egypt, and India.

Conclusion

Saudi Arabia has made notable contributions to regenerative endodontics research during the past decade, as evidenced by increasing publications and global impact. Strategic investments have strengthened specialized capacities at leading universities. Efforts building on established conceptual and methodological bases can bring further advances in this promising field.
Noninvasive Detection of Retinal Vascular Changes in Eyes with Non-arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Sun Shuo , Yang Qianhui , Liu Ting , Hei Kaiwen , Ke Yifeng , Wang Wei , Han Quanhong , Li Xiaorong , Zhang Longli
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate retinal vessel morphology in Non-arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) using Integrative Vessel Analysis (IVAN) and to explore the relationships between retinal vascular parameters and systemic factors related to NAION.

Methods

This case-control study included 120 eyes from 120 participants, categorized into control, hypertension, and NAION groups (40 eyes each). IVAN was used to measure retinal vessel caliber through the central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE) and central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE).

Results

The mean CRAE and CRVE across all participants were 154.54 ± 21.53 μm and 252.22 ± 15.88 μm, respectively. NAION participants exhibited higher CRAE and CRVE compared to the control and hypertension groups. In the NAION group, body mass index (BMI) showed a negative correlation with CRAE and a positive correlation with CRVE.

Conclusion

IVAN serves as a reliable method for assessing retinal vascular caliber. Our findings suggest that retinal vascular caliber may provide valuable insights into the role of subclinical retinal vascular processes in the development of NAION.
Recent Advancements in the Detection of Organic Contaminants in Wastewater Using Advanced Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Kumarage Senuri , Weerasinghe Laksiri , Munaweera Imalka
Published: November 2024

With the increase of industrialization and urbanization, pollution of clean
water has become a critical issue in the contemporary world. Despite organic pollutants
such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, industrial chemicals, poly- and per-fluoroalkyl
substances (PFASs) and hormones, contaminants originating from the industrial
effluents, urban run-offs, agricultural run-offs and domestic sewage have become a
greater threat to the aquatic eco-systems. The availability of some of these highly
potent contaminants at low concentrations and the simultaneous analysis of multiple
samples have been identified as the major concerns in current analytical methods in
water pollution analysis. In this regard, modern mass spectrometric methods have
emerged as suitable techniques for the analysis of smallest concentrations even at a
level of nanograms or femtograms while allowing the detection of hundreds of analytes
in a single analysis within a short duration of time.Recently, combinational mass spectrometric analysis has become the state of the art in
several qualitative and quantitative analyses of organic pollutants in water. The
sensitivity of the detection has been enhanced by coupling with various sample
extraction methods, chromatographic techniques and different mass analyzers in mass
spectrometry. Utilization of modern sample extraction methods coupled with mass
analyzers has facilitated the accuracy of the detection of organic pollutants in water
samples. Sample extraction methods involve sophisticated solid-phase extraction,
solid-phase microextraction, and liquid-liquid extraction methods, whereas mass
analyzers include time-of-flight, orbitrap, ion-trap and triple quadrupole, etc. The
hallmark of these hyphenated techniques is the ability of allowing the screening of
targeted analytes, non-targeted analytes and suspect analytes without the need of
authentic standards. This chapter will focus on the recent advancement of mass
spectrometry in qualitative and quantitative analysis of several organic contaminants in
wastewater samples.
Poisonous Substances in Tropical Medicinal and Edible Plants: Traditional Uses, Toxicology, and Characterization by Hyphenated Mass Spectrometry Techniques
Authors: Athayde Amanda E. de , Moreira Monalisa A. , Souza Gabriella B. , Tizziani Tiago , Biavatti Maique W. , Sandjo Louis P.
Published: November 2024

Alkaloids are natural metabolites containing nitrogen atoms, produced for
different biological functions by plants, animals, and microorganisms. In most cases, its
production is related to the defense mechanism of an organism through allelopathic
effects. Because of this allelopathic property, some of these alkaloids are used as
pesticides and can somehow be found in food and beverages as exogenous
contaminants. Other contaminations by alkaloids come from industrial processing; so,
ingestion of contaminated food or drinks can cause poisoning or death. Many of these
plants, although composed of toxic substances, are also used as traditional medicines.
Therefore, the compilation of these plants, their chemical constituents, and their
pharmacological effects remain important. This paper aims to report traditional
preparations and the use of edible plants containing toxic components, their
toxicological records of a part of these poisonous metabolites, some regulations on
their tolerable dose, and appropriate hyphenated techniques related to mass
spectrometric for their separation, detection, quantification, and characterization. In
addition, a particular emphasis will be placed on the properties of the stationary and
mobile phases used for these studies. The fragmentation mechanism pathways based on
mass spectrometry data for these substances will be widely described, and the
diagnostic peak will be highlighted.
Advances in Structural Proteomics using Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Otun Sarah , Mokhantso Tshele , Achilonu Ikechukwu
Published: November 2024

Structural proteomic techniques have recently evolved because of advances
in mass spectrometry (MS). Several MS techniques, such as, Hydrogen-deuterium
exchange, oxidative footprinting or radical probe mass spectrometry, chemical
crosslinking, affinity purification, and ion mobility separation, can now be used to
analyse protein interaction networks, conformational changes, protein structures, and
other downstream applications. This article examines proteomic MS techniques'
progression from convectional to advanced techniques, tandem MS techniques, MS of
multiprotein complexes, and emerging MS techniques for structural proteomics. Also,
the applications that were gleaned from these techniques were reviewed. Lastly, the
future of this rapidly emerging field was highlighted.
The Environmental Degradation
Authors: Imran Muzzamel Hussain
Published: November 2024

The concept of the environment is multifaceted and encompasses a complex
interplay of physical, chemical, and biotic elements that sustain life. This chapter
explores the diverse dimensions of the environment, encompassing the atmosphere,
hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. It emphasizes the interdependence between
humans and the environment, highlighting the crucial role the environment plays in
shaping various aspects of human life. The environment is not solely the natural world
but also includes the built environment and cultural creations. The chapter delves into
environmental degradation, emphasizing the threefold interaction humans have with
the world—living off, in, and with the world. Human activities, such as resource
extraction, habitat alteration, and waste generation, contribute to environmental
degradation, disrupting ecosystems and posing threats to sustainable development.
Unequal distribution of environmental consequences, often disproportionately affecting
the impoverished, is also discussed.
Population growth, pollution, deforestation, desertification, and ozone depletion are
identified as major contributors to environmental degradation. The chapter discusses
the interconnected challenges posed by resource depletion, waste disposal, and
urbanization. It calls for a conscious shift towards sustainable practices in science,
technology, and population management to mitigate environmental degradation's farreaching impacts on human health, quality of life, and overall well-being. Recognizing
the environment's intrinsic value and fostering harmony with the natural world are
emphasized as imperative steps in achieving global environmental sustainability. The
chapter underscores the urgent need for responsible environmental stewardship,
emphasizing that sustainable development hinges on safeguarding the environment
Religions and their Philosophies
Authors: Imran Muzzamel Hussain
Published: November 2024

This chapter critically examines the diverse role of religion in shaping
human identity and responsibility toward the natural world, countering environmental
degradation exacerbated by secular perspectives. It analyzes key religious concepts like
“caring for creation” and “ecological sin,” advocating for a holistic identity beyond
humanity and fostering ecological and spiritual unity. Emphasizing the transformative
potential of environmental concerns, the chapter prompts a reevaluation of beliefs
within the intersection of religion and ecology, envisioning the emergence of an
ecological consciousness within religious traditions. This may lead to a new
environmentally-centered religious movement. The chapter explores environmental
viewpoints in Daoism, Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam, scrutinizing their impact on
environmental attitudes. It delves into the delicate balance between the consistency and
adaptability of religious beliefs when confronted with moral imperatives and evolving
worldviews, highlighting religion's dynamic nature in response to contemporary
challenges, particularly those posed by an ever-changing and environmentally
threatened world.
Religious Solutions to Environmental Problems
Authors: Imran Muzzamel Hussain
Published: November 2024

This chapter critically addresses the insufficiency of scientific knowledge
and skills alone in solving the environmental crisis, emphasizing the crucial role of
individuals and institutions in implementation change. Despite efforts in environmental
ethics, the chapter highlights a growing call to integrate moral considerations beyond
the human sphere, suggesting that religion-based approaches might offer ecological
responsibility. The chapter examines protective elements in four religions, arguing that
these approaches can bridge challenges faced by religious philosophies and
environmental ethics. It notes the global failure in enforcing environmental norms and
rights, underscoring the potential of religious principles to contribute to legal customs
and ethical norms. The chapter explores the historical link between religion and
environmental destruction, urging a shift in societal values and advocating for a
spiritual solution to transform attitudes toward nature. It highlights instances where
religious teachings successfully influenced behavioral change in environmental
conservation efforts. The chapter concludes by proposing a religious framework for
environmentalism, aiming for a unified, global ethical code grounded in
interconnectedness, completeness, and harmony.
Religious Philosophies and Environmental Ethics
Authors: Imran Muzzamel Hussain
Published: November 2024

Religious Philosophies and Environmental Ethics addresses the critical environmental crisis caused by human activity and examines how religious philosophies can contribute to solutions. The book explores the intersection of environmental ethics and religious thought, offering a fresh perspective on how spiritual beliefs might help guide humanity toward sustainable living. It examines the causes of environmental degradation, and various religious perspectives on the issue, and proposes faith-based solutions for a more harmonious relationship with nature. Through a blend of philosophical inquiry and practical application, the book aims to inspire change in how we approach environmental conservation.

Key Features:
- Explores the role of religious philosophies in solving environmental problems.
- Discusses the ethical implications of environmental degradation.
- Offers faith-based solutions for future sustainability.
- Proposes a new framework for integrating religious thought into environmental policy.
Analysis of the effectiveness of using U-net architecture for classification and segmentation of glioma in MRI images
Authors: Kiselev A. V. , Kuleshova E. A. , Tanygin M. O. , Deryabin D. R. , Khalin I. A.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the research  is to analyze the efficiency of the U-net neural network architecture in decision support systems for glioma diagnostics and segmentation of brain areas affected by it on MRI images.

Methods. To conduct experimental studies, a training dataset was generated and the data was normalized. A software implementation of the U-Net neural network architecture was performed using the Keras framework in the Python programming language. The neural network model was trained.

Results. A series of experiments were conducted, during which error and classification matrices were obtained, the efficiency of classification of the trained neural network model for the "Tumor" and "No tumor" classes was assessed using metrics such as Recall, Precision and F1-measure, and the quality of segmentation of glioma-affected areas on the test data set was assessed. The quality of segmentation was assessed using the IoU metric, which reflects the ratio of the areas of the bounding boxes and is used to assess the accuracy of the spatial correspondence of the predicted segmented areas highlighted on the masks. Based on the results of testing the neural network model in solving the problem of segmenting brain areas affected by glioma, the average value of the IoU metric was 0.812, which is an acceptable result.

Conclusion. The testing results showed that the neural network model based on the U-net architecture is able to effectively diagnose the presence of glioma with acceptable values of the classification and segmentation quality metrics, which indicates the possibility of using this neural network model in medical decision support systems for glioma diagnostics, as well as its segmentation on MRI images. However, it is advisable to refine this neural network model to reduce the number of false negative classification results, which is critically important in medical diagnostics.
Multimodal classifier of medical risk based on a multielectrode bioimpedance converter
Authors: Serebrovsky A. V. , Korsunsky N. A. , Lyakh A. V. , Mishustin V. N. , Shatalova O. V. , Shulga L. V.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the research. The aim of the study is Russian and foreign studies have shown that malignant breast tumors have significantly different impedance from normal tissues. However, bioimpedance analysis has limitations in resolution, as well as in the imperfection of bioimpedance models required to generate input vectors for machine learning systems.

Methods. The presented study proposes a multimodal classifier, the raw data for which are obtained through an electrode matrix. It also has three channels for processing the results of bioimpedance analysis, with subsequent aggregation of their solutions. An impedance model of biomaterial is proposed, which allows forming descriptors for medical risk classifiers.

Results. Hardware and software for bioimpedance studies have been developed, which include a data collection device for bioimpedance spectroscopy based on an electrode matrix, a device for communication with the object of study, and a device for bioimpedance spectroscopy using an electrode matrix. The software includes interface windows for setting up the bioimpedance research program and training and testing fully connected neural networks. An experimental study of the multimodal classifier on a physical model was conducted using inclusions of higher conductivity (tumor imitation) of various types and sizes in the conductivity range from 1.1 to 1.9 of the background. Based on the obtained images in the two-level neural network of the first channel, the integral risk of breast cancer was determined for all pixels of the image. Statistical studies (ROC analysis) showed sufficient sensitivity and specificity for the screening method - > 0.75. 

Conclusion. Thus, a new model of intelligent support for medical decision-making has been created, integrating the capabilities of bioimpedance spectroscopy, convolutional neural networks and expert assessment of images generated by bioimpedance mapping. However, current data confirming the possibility of separating benign and malignant breast tumors using bioimpedancemetry methods are very limited, which requires further research in this direction.
Navigation methods using airlandscape data for small UAVs
Authors: Miroshnichenko A. P. , Mukhin I. E.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the research. UAVs are widely used in such fields as military, intelligence, and research. As a result, the issue of their use in electronic warfare conditions and the presence of various interference, both man-made and natural, is acute. Thus, the need for UAV navigation using visual data increases.

The purpose is study of the main negative factors affecting the quality of aerial photography images and methods for eliminating them to construct a correct orthomosaic for UAV visual navigation.

Methods. Mathematical methods are proposed to eliminate negative distortions in UAV camera images using various image transformation approaches. After applying these methods to the original images, corrected versions are obtained, which are used to construct the tile covering. Tiled coverage created from processed images provides continuous and uniform coverage of the area collected during the UAV’s flight. This allows you to obtain exact coordinates of images and objects on them.

Results. An analysis of the main methods for eliminating negative factors that distort images during aerial photography for the visual navigation of UAVs, as well as a brief overview of the visual navigation methods themselves.

Conclusion. To successfully implement visual navigation of a UAV, it is necessary to apply a number of methods for converting aerial photography images, as well as the use of certain algorithms for visual navigation. It is concluded that in addition to the use of mathematical and software algorithms, it will also be necessary to analyze and study the necessary computing power for the use of the entire hardware and software complex on board the UAV, taking into account its weight-dimensional properties.
Assessment of the reliability of sociological research on the Internet
Authors: Nesterovich S. A. , Brezhneva A. N.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of research. The main goal of assessing reliability is to quantitatively substantiate the measure of confidence in a particular process. The article discusses the methodological and practical aspects of assessing the reliability of sociological research conducted on the Internet. Emphasis is placed on analyzing the specific problems encountered when using online surveys and other digital data collection methods. Issues of sample representativeness and a number of other quantitative indicators that affect the reliability of the assessment of sociological research are discussed.

Methods. The article is devoted to methodological and practical aspects of assessing the reliability of sociological research conducted on the Internet. Issues of sample representativeness, weighting coefficients, data analysis, testing for systematic errors, and calculation of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient are discussed.

Results. The main steps for calculating the reliability of sociological research conducted on the Internet are presented. Key steps include proper sample selection and adjustment, use of weights, performing statistical analysis, and estimating confidence intervals. These methods help minimize errors and increase the reliability of the data obtained.

Conclusion. The proposed methods for assessing the reliability of the Internet will help improve the quality of data and the reliability of the results, namely, Online surveys can be subject to various types of biases, including self-selection of participants, when only certain groups of people decide to participate in the survey. Credibility assessment will promote fair and transparent research, which strengthens the trust of respondents and the public in research projects.
Algorithm for intelligent procesing of text information
Authors: Efanov S. V. , Ivanova E. N. , Chernetskaya I. E.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of research. The goal of the research is to develop an intellectual processing algorithm for classifying text information. As the amount of information grows every day, it is necessary to quickly and efficiently separate significant from unimportant content. Therefore, the development of an intellectual processing algorithm for classifying text information is an urgent task.

Methods. A method is proposed for classifying text information presented in one or more natural languages. It is based on 5 key stages: entering a task, accumulating a queue of tasks, processing the task, generating the result of processing the task, outputting the result. The input task is presented in the form of an http request, the body of which contains a file object. If the intensity of the input stream is greater than the processing speed, then an accumulation of tasks occurs. After selecting the active task (using the FIFO principle), it is processed. As a result of the transformations, the received data is decoded into a string using UTF-8 encoding. Processing refers to the process of categorization, when a search for patterns occurs in a line. Upon completion of rubrication, the result for the selected task is generated. From the accumulated result, a response to the original http request is formed, the body of which contains a list of found categories.

Results. A method and algorithm for processing text data has been developed to determine the topics that are present in the input data set. The algorithm, implemented in software, allows you to work with text data in various languages.

Conclusion. The software development of the text data classification algorithm was carried out in the C++ programming language using the Qt libraries version 5.11. This implementation showed a throughput of 1-5 MB per second (on a homogeneous input text data set). The algorithm allows you to correctly process damaged file formats.
Concept model and realization of object orientied system with metaprogramming
Authors: Chaplygin A. A.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the research is to develop a conceptual model of an object oriented system and implement it using a functional language with metaprogramming support. 

Methods. A conceptual model of an object oriented system was developed based on a dynamic object system with message passing and dynamic dispatch. The developed object oriented system includes functions for creating and deleting classes, creating and deleting object instances of a class, functions for working with object properties, functions for adding methods to a class and passing messages. Inheritance is also possible, when a child class will have the properties of the parent class and its own properties. 

Results. The object oriented system was implemented using a set of macros and helper functions. The basic data structure was a hash table with key access capabilities, which was also implemented using macros. When a class is created, an instance constructor is automatically generated, setting the initial values of the object’s fields. Inheritance is implemented as the inclusion of fields of a parent class in a child object. Polymorphism is implemented as dynamic dispatch: when processing a message, a handler method is searched. The resulting object oriented system, together with the hash table module, occupies 97 lines. 

Conclusion. As a result of the work, a conceptual model of an object oriented system was created and implemented, which includes the main functions of the object oriented programming paradigm. It has been shown that macros can be used to create a compact object oriented system without the need to add any new functions or capabilities to the functional language interpreter.
Information and computing system based on smart contracts for online voting
Authors: Gerasyov A. A. , Efremova I. N. , Arhipova I. S. , Kamalov R. N.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of research.The actual problem in voting systems is not the prevention of fraud and the failure to ensure the integrity of elections. Therefore, the task of building a system of safe and transparent voting is urgent.

The purpose of the research is design and develop an information and computing system based on smart contacts for online voting.

Methods. The presented system has the form of a decentralized system that can overcome a number of limitations, such as the likelihood of human error, falsification of voting results and problems with accessibility, using blockchain technology, which provides protection against unauthorized access and transparent record keeping.

The use of smart contract technology also ensures that the voting process will be automated, transparent and secure. Thanks to the ability to execute self-executing contracts based on predefined rules, smart contracts can eliminate the need for intermediaries, reduce the likelihood of errors and ensure a high degree of accountability.

Results. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed system, testing was carried out, after which a comparative analysis was made with other similar systems.

The system can ensure that votes are counted accurately and cannot be manipulated, thereby increasing confidence in the results of the voting process. In addition, the system can potentially reduce the costs associated with traditional voting methods and improve accessibility for voters, since it can be accessed remotely via a web interface.

In general, the system will be of interest to various organizations and individuals seeking to conduct safe and transparent voting processes.

Conclusion. The use of this software product will provide security and convenience when participating in various online voting, reliable storage of votes and the provision of detailed statistics on the conducted voting.
Autonomous artificial intelligence for sorting the results of preventive radiological studies on the example of mammography
Authors: Vasilev Yu. A. , Arzamasov K. M. , Vladzymyrskyy A. V. , Kolsanov A. V. , Shulkin I. M. , Bobrovskaya T. M. , Pestrenin L. D.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of research. Radiation diagnostics is central to the detection of malignant neoplasms. Recently, the implementation of screening programs has faced a number of obstacles, including staff shortages and limited funding. The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems capable of absolutely accurate sorting of research into two categories - "normal" and "not normal", seems to be a promising solution to these problems. However, before they are widely used, it is critically important to verify their ability to guarantee the safety and high quality of the screening process. The aim of the study is to evaluate the possibility of using autonomous sorting of mammographic examination results in real clinical conditions.  

Methods. The study was carried out in 2 stages. At the first stage, 25,892 mammographic studies processed by the AI service were retrospectively analyzed. A ROC analysis of these results was carried out in order to assess the possibility of configuring the AI service for 100% sensitivity. At the prospective stage, the results of 82,372 mammograms were analyzed. All studies were processed by AI services configured for 100% sensitivity. The tasks of the AI services included the sorting of mammography results into the categories "normal" and "not normal". Next, the decisions of AI services and radiologists on categorization were compared. 

Results. According to the results of a retrospective study, when configuring the AI service for 100% sensitivity, the specificity was 39%. In the course of a prospective study, the proportion of defects (false attribution of research results to the "norm" category) was 0.08%, the specific weight of clinically significant defects in AI services was 0.02%, which is significantly lower than that of a radiologist. 

Conclusion. The use of autonomous sorting of mammographic research results in clinical practice is possible in order to optimize the diagnostic process during preventive measures, as well as under the condition of monitoring the quality of artificial intelligence technologies. Keywords: artificial intelligence, mammography, preventive examinations, radiation diagnostics. Conflict of interest: The author declares the absence of obvious and potential conflicts of interest related to the publication of this article.
Quinua, tesoro ancestral andino. Mejoramiento genético participativo y enfermedades del cultivo
Authors: Rodríguez-Medina Caren , Rodríguez-Mora Diana Milena , Imbachi-Benavides Edier Santiago , Ramírez-Paz Isabel Cristina , Ramos-Villafañe Yaneth Patricia , Aguilera-Arango Germán Andrés , Martínez-Caballero Luz Natalia , Hernández-Varela Camila Andrea
Published: November 2024

La quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) es uno de los cultivos más antiguos de América del Sur, es consumida a nivel mundial gracias a que contiene varios aminoácidos esenciales y es apreciada por su alto valor nutricional. Además, constituye un cultivo importante para la seguridad alimentaria y es una excelente alternativa en programas de agricultura sostenible, gracias a las características del sistema productivo. Los departamentos más productores de quinua en Colombia son Boyacá, Cauca, Cundinamarca y Nariño, cuyas zonas productoras presentan características de suelo y clima diferentes. Dada la magnífica riqueza ambiental de las zonas quinueras del país, es esencial seleccionar variedades de quinua con adaptación regional. Esta cartilla presenta el programa de mejoramiento genético de quinua iniciado por AGROSAVIA en el departamento del Cauca, el cual combina estrategias de selección participativa con estrategias de mejoramiento genético convencional, en este caso selección panoja-surco. Además, realiza una descripción de las principales enfermedades que afectan el cultivo de la quinua en el Cauca y las recomendaciones de manejo para disminuir las pérdidas de producción.