bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What are cascading disasters?
Authors: Alexander David , Pescaroli Gianluca
Published: August 2019

Cascades have emerged as a new paradigm in disaster studies. The high level of dependency of modern populations on critical infrastructure and networks allows the impact of disasters to propagate through socio-economic systems. Where vulnerabilities overlap and interact, escalation points are created that can create secondary effects with greater impact than the primary event. This article explains how complexity can be categorised and analysed in order to find those weak points in society that enable cascading impacts to develop. Scenarios can be used to identify critical dependencies and guide measures designed to increase resilience. Experience suggests that many potential impacts of cascading disasters remain uninvestigated, which provides ample scope for escalation of impacts into complex forms of crisis.
A opinião pública da sociedade mercosulina e os caminhos do bloco nos anos 2010
Authors: Silva Geraldello Camilla
Published: August 2019

O objetivo desse trabalho é verificar qual o modelo de inserção internacional do Mercosul apoiado pelos cidadãos dos países do bloco na década de 2010. O Mercosul passou por mudanças de ênfase em decorrência do cenário internacional e das políticas externas dos membros. Se durante os anos 1990, o bloco e os membros foram guiados pelo neoliberalismo e por relações com parceiros tradicionais, a partir dos anos 2000, as políticas sociais ganharam destaque e os membros apostaram na diversificação de parceiros comerciais. Todavia, a partir de 2015 o Mercosul entrou em novo momento de mudança com o redirecionamento político, à centro-direita, de alguns países sul-americanos. Dessa forma, procuramos mostrar por meio dos dados do Latinobarómetro de 2010 a 2016 para qual direção a sociedade mercosulinadeseja se mover: se para fortalecimento das relações Sul-Sul ou das relações Norte-Sul; se para o incremento de relações via comércio ou via políticas sociais.
Colocación y relaciones de trabajo. Niños, niñas y jóvenes en el centro y sur de la Provincia de Buenos Aires
Authors: De Paz Trueba Yolanda
Published: August 2019

En los años finales del siglo XIX y los comienzos del XX, se vigorizó la colocación de niños, niñas y jóvenes con familias diferentes a las de origen. El objetivo del presente trabajo es repensar el vínculo entre criados y depositarios en la provincia de Buenos Aires. El artículo indaga sobre el origen de las colocaciones y los variados arreglos laborales que conllevaban. Se asume que eran parte de una relación paternalista que combinaba deberes y obligaciones, unidos por un vínculo laboral. Esta tarea se hará a través de los fondos documentales de las Defensorías de Menores y Juzgados de Paz de la zona estudiada.
Nombrar lo innombrable. La querella en torno al concepto de religión política para definir los totalitarismos
Authors: Souroujon Gastón
Published: August 2019

El presente trabajo se propone presentar un episodio en el devenir histórico del concepto de Religión Política como herramienta interpretativa de los totalitarismos, el período en el cuál el concepto comienza a ser cuestionado por parte de intelectuales reconocidos. Debate en torno a la legitimidad del concepto que pensamos debe ser comprendido como un capítulo de dos de las querellas fundamentales de la modernidad: la querella en torno al significado de la secularización y en torno al status de la ciencia política. Capítulo que ha sido ignorado por los historiadores que han generado el presente renacer del concepto. A través de estos lentes se analizaran los argumentos principales de los pensadores que han participadode este debate: Aron, Arendt, Kelsen y Voegelin.
Propaedeutic, Basis for Constitution, and Statute of the Bank of Human Embryonic and Fetal Cells
Authors: Klen Rudolf
Published: August 2019

Article without abstract
Efficient Hyperparameter Tuning with Grid Search for Text Categorization using kNN Approach with BM25 Similarity
Authors: Ghawi Raji , Pfeffer Jürgen
Published: August 2019

In machine learning, hyperparameter tuning is the problem of choosing a set of optimal hyperparameters for a learning algorithm. Several approaches have been widely adopted for hyperparameter tuning, which is typically a time consuming process. We propose an efficient technique to speed up the process of hyperparameter tuning with Grid Search. We applied this technique on text categorization using kNN algorithm with BM25 similarity, where three hyperparameters need to be tuned. Our experiments show that our proposed technique is at least an order of magnitude faster than conventional tuning.
Inter-Organizational Design Thinking in Education: Joint Work between Learning Sciences Courses and a Zoo Education Program
Authors: Zuiker Steven J. , Jordan Michelle
Published: August 2019

A case study of design thinking in education considers how two educational organizations—a university graduate program and a public zoo—develop and enact design thinking processes in relation to one another. It also examines how this inter-organizational design thinking project contributes to a “center without walls,” or collaboratory (Wulf, 1993), pursuing an aspirational vision: to support interest-driven learning while also connecting youth to a wider landscape of formal and informal learning opportunities among educational organizations in a major US metropolitan area. As an initial step in pursuit of this vision, the work of the collaboratory concentrated on one of the zoo’s community-focused education programs called Overnight Adventure. Over seventeen weeks, the project involved the collaborative efforts of two faculty and twelve students from a college of education, and three full-time staff and nineteen part-time instructors from a zoo education program across ten inter-organizational events and observations of five Overnight Adventures. To characterizer inter-organizational design, the case employs contiguity-based connecting strategies to analyze design thinking across four timescales. Findings describe the structures and processes of inter-organizational design thinking and the role of cultivating relational agency.
Soziale Bewegungen im Zusammenspiel mit politischen Parteien: Eine aktuelle Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Hutter Swen , Kriesi Hanspeter , Lorenzini Jasmine
Published: August 2019

In diesem Beitrag skizzieren wir eine Forschungsagenda, die der Frage nachgeht wie sich die Interaktionen zwischen Bewegungen und Parteien sowohl quantitativ als auch qualitativ unter Bedingungen funktionierender repräsentativer Verbindungen einerseits und einer Repräsentationskrise andererseits unterscheiden. Die zentrale These lautet, dass unter Bedingungen von instabilen Repräsentationsmustern und von Bürger*innen, die sich nicht ausreichend politisch vertreten fühlen, diese Interaktionen deutlich häufiger, enger, aber auch konflikt- und folgenreicher werden. Dabei werden auch klare Zuordnungen von Parteien zum Institutionengefüge und von sozialen Bewegungen zum weniger institutionalisierten Bereich peripherer Herausforderer infrage gestellt.
Institutionalisierung als soziale Bewegung. Zum Verhältnis von sozialen Bewegungen und Institutionen jenseits des politischen
outcome
Authors: Pfister Jannik
Published: August 2019

Das Verhältnis von Bewegungen und Institutionen wurde lange vor allem als politischer outcome gefasst und nicht in Bezug auf langfristigen sozialen Wandel. Mit dem Blick auf kulturelle Folgen von Bewegungen schlägt dieser Beitrag vor, das Verhältnis als Institutionalisierung zu fassen, und so zur Annäherung von Bewegungsforschung und Gesellschaftstheorie beizutragen. Denn was in der Outcome-Forschung meist als Institutionen beschrieben wird, sind eher Organisationen der Regierung. Um besser fassen zu können, wie Bewegungen ebenso mit sozialen Institutionen interagieren wie mit in diese eingebetteten Organisationen, und so zu sozialem Wandel beitragen, wird eine auf Gramscis Hegemonietheorie, neuerer materialistischer Staatstheorie und verwandten Positionen aufbauende Perspektive vorgeschlagen.
Same same but different - Relationen zwischen Frauenbewegungen und politischen Institutionen im globalen Süden
Authors: Daniel Antje
Published: August 2019

Anhand der Fallstudien zu Brasilien und Kenia arbeitet der Beitrag Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten in der Relation zwischen politischen Institutionen und Frauenbewegung heraus und beschreibt damit kontextspezifische Besonderheiten und kontextübergreifende Tendenzen im globalen Süden. Im Fokus stehen die spezifischen Geschlechterpolitiken und die institutionellen Interaktionsräume sowie die Allianzen für die Interaktion mit politischen Institutionen. Die Analyse zeigt, dass Frauenbewegungen in einem vergleichbaren politischen Kontext agieren, denn beide Länder werden durch eine Überlappung der gesellschaftlichen und politischen Sphäre geprägt. Ebenso greifen Frauenbewegungen in beiden Ländern auf intermediäre Protestformen zurück und sind von ähnlichen geschlechtsspezifischen Machtmechanismen im Zugang zum politischen System geprägt. Jenseits der Gemeinsamkeiten kristallisieren sich kontextspezifische Aspekte heraus und somit Unterschiede, welche Brasilien als „partizipative Demokratie“ charakterisieren und Kenia als „politische Gesellschaft“.
Reversing Cocaine-Induced Plasticity with Zeta Inhibitory Peptide
Authors: Deutschmann Andre U. , Lenz Jeffrey D. , McGrath Anna G. , Briand Lisa A.
Published: August 2019

Cocaine-induced plasticity persists during abstinence and is thought to underlie cue-evoked craving. Reversing this plasticity could provide an opportunity for therapeutic intervention. Converging evidence suggest that zeta inhibitory peptide (ZIP) eliminates memories for experience-dependent behaviors, including conditioned drug associations. However, the effect of ZIP on reward seeking and drug-induced plasticity is unknown. The current study examined the effect of ZIP administration in the nucleus accumbens on reinstatement (RI) of cocaine seeking, a rodent model of relapse. We demonstrate that intra-accumbal ZIP administration blocks cocaine-primed RI in rats when administered 24 h or 1 week before testing. These effects of ZIP on drug seeking are specific, as we did not see any effect of ZIP on RI of sucrose seeking. ZIP is a synthetic compound designed to inhibit the atypical PKC, PKMζ, a protein implicated in learning and memory. However, recent evidence from PKMζ-knock-out (KO) mice suggests that ZIP may function through alternative mechanisms. In support of this, we found that ZIP was able to block cue-induced RI in PKMζ-KO mice. One possible mechanism underlying addictive phenotypes is the ability of cocaine to block further plasticity. We hypothesized that ZIP may be working to reverse this anaplasticity. Although ZIP has no effect on accumbal LTD in slices from naive or yoked saline mice, it is able to restore both NMDA-dependent and mGluR5-dependent LTD in animals after cocaine self-administration and withdrawal. These findings demonstrate that intra-accumbal ZIP persistently reverses cocaine-induced behavioral and synaptic plasticity in male and female rodents.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTZeta-inhibitory peptide (ZIP) has been shown to disrupt memory maintenance for experience-dependent behaviors. We examined the effect of ZIP infused into the nucleus accumbens on the reinstatement (RI) of cocaine seeking. We found that intra-accumbal ZIP blocked RI of cocaine seeking 24 h and 1 week later. This effect was specific to RI of cocaine seeking as ZIP did not disrupt RI of food seeking. In conjunction with these behavioral studies we examined the ability of ZIP to reverse cocaine-induced deficits in LTD. We found that ZIP was able to rescue two forms of LTD in cocaine-experienced mice. These studies demonstrate that ZIP is able to reverse cocaine-induced behavioral and synaptic plasticity in a persistent manner.
Vitamin D affects insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in obese non-diabetic youths
Authors: Corica Domenico , Zusi Chiara , Olivieri Francesca , Marigliano Marco , Piona Claudia , Fornari Elena , Morandi Anita , Corradi Massimiliano , Miraglia del Giudice Emanuele , Gatti Davide , Rossini Maurizio , Bonadonna Riccardo C , Maffeis Claudio
Published: August 2019

Objective

Vitamin D may potentially play a central role in glucose homeostasis and β-cell function (BCF), although studies are not consistent. Aim of our study was to test the hypotheses of a direct relationship between vitamin D, insulin sensitivity (IS) and BCF in overweight and obese non-diabetic children.

Design and methods

Cross-sectional study carried out at the Childhood Obesity Outpatient Clinic, University Hospital of Verona. One hundred twenty-two Caucasian overweight and obese children (age: 12.8 ± 0.2 years) were enrolled. Exclusion criteria: genetic or endocrine causes of obesity, chronic diseases or therapies. Patients underwent oral glucose tolerance test. HOMA-IR, Matsuda index and insulinogenic index were calculated. BCF was reconstructed by mathematical modeling and described by Derivative and Proportional Control. Total 25-hydroxyvitamin D and vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) were measured. Two SNPs (rs4588 and rs7041) in the VDBP gene were studied, and bioavailable vitamin D (BVD) was calculated.

Results

Hypovitaminosis D was documented in 90% of patients. Forty-seven subjects were homozygous for both SNPs. Total vitamin D was positively correlated with Matsuda index (P = 0.002), VDBP (P = 0.045), and negatively with BMI SDS (P = 0.043), HOMA-IR (P = 0.008), HOMA-B (P = 0.001), IGI (P = 0.007), derivative control (P = 0.036) and proportional control (P = 0.018). Total vitamin D, adjusted for age, gender, BMI SDS, puberty and seasonality of vitamin D measurement, was a predictor of Matsuda index, HOMA-IR, HOMA-B, IGI, proportional control (all P < 0.05). BVD was positively correlated with total vitamin D (P < 0.001) and negatively with BMI SDS (P = 0.041).

Conclusions

Hypovitaminosis D negatively influences BCF and IS, suggesting that vitamin D levels might be implicated in glucose metabolism impairment in overweight and obese individuals.
Diagnosis and management of primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Vassiliadi Dimitra A , Tsagarakis Stylianos
Published: August 2019

Primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) is a highly heterogeneous entity. The incidental identification of an increasing number of cases has shifted its clinical expression from the rarely encountered severe forms, regarding both cortisol excess and adrenal enlargement, to mild forms of asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic cases with less impressive imaging phenotypes. Activation of cAMP/PKA pathway, either due to alterations of the different downstream signaling pathways or through aberrantly expressed G-protein-coupled receptors, relates to both cortisol secretion and adrenal growth. Germline ARMC5 mutations are a frequent genetic defect. The diagnostic approach consists of both imaging and hormonal characterization. Imaging characterization should be done separately for each lesion. Endocrine evaluation in cases with clinically overt Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is similar to that applied for all forms of CS. In incidentally detected PBMAH, hormonal evaluation includes testing for primary aldosteronism, pheochromocytoma and evaluation for autonomous cortisol secretion, using the 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test. Midnight cortisol or 24-h urinary free cortisol may aid in establishing the degree of cortisol excess. In patients with hypercortisolism, ACTH levels should be measured in order to establish ACTH independency. At variance with other forms of CS, PBMAH may be characterized by a distinct pattern of inefficient steroidogenesis. The appropriate management of PBMAH remains controversial. Bilateral adrenalectomy results in lifetime steroid dependency and is better reserved only for patients with severe CS. Unilateral adrenalectomy might be considered in selected patients. In cases where the regulation of cortisol secretion is mediated by aberrant receptors there is some potential for medical therapy.
RNA–DNA Hybrids Support Recombination-Based Telomere Maintenance in Fission Yeast
Authors: Hu Yan , Bennett Henrietta W , Liu Na , Moravec Martin , Williams Jessica F , Azzalin Claus M , King Megan C
Published: August 2019

A subset of cancers rely on telomerase-independent mechanisms to maintain their chromosome ends. The predominant “alternative lengthening of telomeres” pathway appears dependent on homology-directed repair (HDR) to maintain telomeric DNA. However, the molecular changes needed for cells to productively engage in telomeric HDR are poorly understood. To gain new insights into this transition, we monitored the state of telomeres during serial culture of fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) lacking the telomerase recruitment factor Ccq1. Rad52 is loaded onto critically short telomeres shortly after germination despite continued telomere erosion, suggesting that recruitment of recombination factors is not sufficient to maintain telomeres in the absence of telomerase function. Instead, survivor formation coincides with the derepression of telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA). In this context, degradation of TERRA associated with the telomere in the form of R-loops drives a severe growth crisis, ultimately leading to a novel type of survivor with linear chromosomes and altered cytological telomere characteristics, including the loss of the shelterin component Rap1 (but not the TRF1/TRF2 ortholog, Taz1) from the telomere. We demonstrate that deletion of Rap1 is protective in this context, preventing the growth crisis that is otherwise triggered by degradation of telomeric R-loops in survivors with linear chromosomes. These findings suggest that upregulation of telomere-engaged TERRA, or altered recruitment of shelterin components, can support telomerase-independent telomere maintenance.
Diseño de mezclas asfálticas integrando residuos sólidos de la industria automovilística (elastómero) y de vías (pavimento asfáltico envejecido) en Manabí, Ecuador
Authors: Navarrete Schettini Gabriel Antonio
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study is to design asphalt mixtures by integrating solid waste from used tires (elastomer) and aged asphalt pavement in Bolívar Canton, Manabí Province, Ecuador. The factors studied were 4%, 8%, 12% and 16% elastomer, and fine, average and coarse grading, using 52% aged asphalt pavement. A completely randomized two-way factorial arrangement, GxE+1, with thirteen treatments and three replications was used, where G corresponds to grading of aggregates used and E to elastomer. On the basis of the positive outcome of the design of asphalt mixtures with aged asphalt pavement, considering the addition of 4%, 8% and 12% of elastomer in the average and fine grading curves, it was concluded that the design can be used in light and medium traffic roads, such as those in Bolívar Canton, Ecuador.
Validación de un constructo para determinar la calidad de los servicios turísticos
Authors: Calvopiña Andrade Diego Mauricio
Published: August 2019

This study describes the validation of a construct to determine the quality of tourism services, which is regarded as the activity with the greatest global impact on political, economic, social, cultural, environmental and technological fields. This activity is no longer only based on the idea of the trip as it was previously understood. At present, it is increasingly oriented towards an active and participatory model, which suggests establishing innovative coexistence, learning and enjoyment strategies for both travelers and hosts. To this end, it is essential to consider services and their impact on competitiveness and sustainable development. The current trend of tourism is to place greater emphasis on the quality of tourism services as it is considered to be an essential part of the tourist experience, which raises the following question: what dimensions from the quality of tourism services construct (perceptions) influence tourism services? The validity and reliability of the instrument was determined, thus upholding its adequacy and the impact on tourism service quality criteria.
Percepción de la calidad de servicio del usuario interno en una institución pública
Authors: Sarmiento Prieto Suseyla Roxana , Paredes Tarazona Mildred Teresa
Published: August 2019

This is a quantitative, descriptive and comparative study conducted on a sample of 310 public servants that attempts to describe the perception of service quality of the internal user via the following factors: cooperation between internal users, leadership of management, corporate social responsibility and performance self-appraisal. This study defines the internal user as any collaborator holding a position in the organizational structure. The valid and reliable five-degree EPCSU-IP ordinal scale was used for this research. The total perception is at a neutral level (3.54) with a tendency to higher degrees; it tends to be favorable in the dimensions of cooperation between internal users (3.67) and performance self-appraisal (3.73), and unfavorable regarding the factors leadership of management (3.45) and corporate social responsibility (3.27). The variable is studied as an indicator of the organizational climate in relation to the management of production processes of goods and services.
Las TIC y su influencia en la calidad del aprendizaje universitario
Authors: Carrasco Huamán José Rogelio
Published: August 2019

This paper analyzes information and communication technologies (ICTs) and their important role on the quality of university education at the Department of Economics of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM). To this end, university education in Latin American and European countries is studied in order to identify strengths and use them as reference points to improve the quality of education at UNMSM, especially at said department. A questionnaire, directed at 120 respondents, including professors and students of the School of Economic Sciences, is used as a data collection instrument, which is then analyzed using the Likert scale. This analysis makes it possible to determine the degree of influence ICTs have on the quality of learning at said school, as well as the benefits of implementing the identified strengths of foreign university education.
The Role of Cardiac MRI in the Management of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Ischaemic and Non-ischaemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Nelson Tom , Garg Pankaj , Clayton Richard H , Lee Justin
Published: August 2019

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) and VF account for the majority of sudden cardiac deaths worldwide. Treatments for VT/VF include anti-arrhythmic drugs, ICDs and catheter ablation, but these treatments vary in effectiveness and carry substantial risks and/or expense. Current methods of selecting patients for ICD implantation are imprecise and fail to identify some at-risk patients, while leading to others being overtreated. In this article, the authors discuss the current role and future direction of cardiac MRI (CMRI) in refining diagnosis and personalising ventricular arrhythmia management. The capability of CMRI with gadolinium contrast delayed-enhancement patterns and, more recently, T1 mapping to determine the aetiology of patients presenting with heart failure is well established. Although CMRI imaging in patients with ICDs can be challenging, recent technical developments have started to overcome this. CMRI can contribute to risk stratification, with precise and reproducible assessment of ejection fraction, quantification of scar and ‘border zone’ volumes, and other indices. Detailed tissue characterisation has begun to enable creation of personalised computer models to predict an individual patient’s arrhythmia risk. When patients require VT ablation, a substrate-based approach is frequently employed as haemodynamic instability may limit electrophysiological activation mapping. Beyond accurate localisation of substrate, CMRI could be used to predict the location of re-entrant circuits within the scar to guide ablation.
Antimicrobial and immune-modulatory effects of vitamin D provide promising antibiotics-independent approaches to tackle bacterial infections – lessons learnt from a literature survey
Authors: Golpour Ainoosh , Bereswill Stefan , Heimesaat Markus M.
Published: August 2019

Antimicrobial multidrug-resistance (MDR) constitutes an emerging threat to global health and makes the effective prevention and treatment of many, particularly severe infections challenging, if not impossible. Many antibiotic classes have lost antimicrobial efficacy against a plethora of infectious agents including bacterial species due to microbial acquisition of distinct resistance genes. Hence, the development of novel anti-infectious intervention strategies including antibiotic-independent approaches is urgently needed. Vitamins such as vitamin D and vitamin D derivates might be such promising molecular candidates to combat infections caused by bacteria including MDR strains. Using the Pubmed database, we therefore performed an in-depth literature survey, searching for publications on the antimicrobial effect of vitamin D directed against bacteria including MDR strains. In vitro and clinical studies between 2009 and 2019 revealed that vitamin D does, in fact, possess antimicrobial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species, whereas conflicting results could be obtained from in vivo studies. Taken together, the potential anti-infectious effects for the antibiotic-independent application of vitamin D and/or an adjunct therapy in combination with antibiotic compounds directed against infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, H. pylori infections, or skin diseases, for instance, should be considered and further investigated in more detail.
MANAJEMEN PEMBELAJARAN TAHFIDZ AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Fatmawati Eva
Published: August 2019

Pondok Pesantren Al-Ashr Al-Madani merupakan pondok pesantren yang memiliki konsep dengan memfokuskan terhadap Tahfidzul Qur’an, hal yang menjadi permasalahan di dalam program Tahfidz Al-Qur’an tersebut dalam proses pembelajaran, terlihat dari belum sesuainya metode yang digunakan dalam manajemen pembelajaran Tahfidz Al-Qur’an. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui latar alamiah Pondok Pesantren Al- Ashr Al-Madani, perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan, pengawasan, faktor pendukung dan penghambat, serta hasil yang di capai dalam manajemen pembelajaran Tahfidz Al-Qur’an. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskritif-kualitatif yang digunakan melalui teknik wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi atau menyalin. Hasil penelitian ini di peroleh kesimpulan bahwa, pondok pesantren Al-Ashr Al-Madani merupakan Boarding School dengan berbasis pada tahfidzul Qur’an. Perencanaan dilakukan dengan empat tahapan seleksi, pengorganisasian dengan menentukan tugas dan mekanisme dalam proses pembelajaran, pelaksanaan ditandai dengan adanyan proses belajar mengajar, pengawasan dengan melakukan pemantauan melihat buku setoran santri dan mengabsen santri, faktor pendukung ialah dari lingkungan pondok pesantren, yang menghambat kurangnya istiqomah santri dalam menghafal tahfidz al-Qur’an . Dan Keberhasilan yang diraih Pondok Pesantren Al-Ashr Al-Madani dapat dilihat dari hasil prestasi dengan mengikuti perlombaan Tahfidz Al-Qur’an berbagai tingkatan dan kejuaraan.
IMPLEMENTASI KEGIATAN MENGHAFAL AL-QUR’AN SISWA DI LPTQ KABUPATEN SIAK
Authors: Supriono Iwan Agus , Rusdiani Atik
Published: August 2019

Fokus penelitian yang akan diuji dalam penelitian adalah proses menghafal Al-Quran di LPTQ Kabupaten Siak. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif. Teknik Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi partisipan, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data diproses melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi. Pengecekan keabsahan data menggunakan teknik credibility, confirmability, transferability, dan dependenbility. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa proses menghafal Al-Quran di LPTQ Kabupaten Siak, menggunakan sistem One Day One Ayah (1 hari 1 ayat) yang disertai lagu tartil. Proses menghafal Al-Quran selalu diiringi niat yang ikhlas, meminta izin kepada orang tua, mempunyai tekad yang besar dan kuat, dan istiqamah sampai lancar membaca Al-Quran. Metode yang digunakan untuk menghafal Al-Quran adalah dengan muraja’ah ‘setoran hafalan baru’ kepada guru (ustadz/ustadzah), dan muraja’ah hafalan lama yang disemakkan teman dengan berhadapan dua orang dua orang, muraja’ah hafalan lama kepada ustadz/ustadzah, dan Al-Imtihan Fii Muraja’atil Muhafadlah (ujian mengulang hafalan).
A Survey of Cross-lingual Word Embedding Models
Authors: Ruder Sebastian , Vulić Ivan , Søgaard Anders
Published: August 2019

Cross-lingual representations of words enable us to reason about word meaning in multilingual contexts and are a key facilitator of cross-lingual transfer when developing natural language processing models for low-resource languages. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive typology of cross-lingual word embedding models. We compare their data requirements and objective functions. The recurring theme of the survey is that many of the models presented in the literature optimize for the same objectives, and that seemingly different models are often equivalent, modulo optimization strategies, hyper-parameters, and such. We also discuss the different ways cross-lingual word embeddings are evaluated, as well as future challenges and research horizons.
An Accurate and Comprehensive Clinical Sequencing Assay for Cancer Targeted and Immunotherapies
Authors: Cao Jingyu , Chen Lijuan , Li Heng , Chen Hui , Yao Jicheng , Mu Shuo , Liu Wenjin , Zhang Peng , Cheng Yuwei , Liu Binbin , Hu Zhongxiang , Chen Donglin , Kang Hui , Hu Jinwei , Wang Aodi , Wang Weifeng , Yao Ming , Chrin Gungwei , Wang Xiaoting , Zhao Wei , Li Lei , Xu Luping , Guo Weixin , Jia Jun , Chen Jianhua , Wang Kai , Li Gaofeng , Shi Weiwei
Published: August 2019

Background

Incorporation of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology into clinical utility in targeted and immunotherapies requires stringent validation, including the assessment of tumor mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI) status by NGS as important biomarkers for response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Materials and Methods

We designed an NGS assay, Cancer Sequencing YS panel (CSYS), and applied algorithms to detect five classes of genomic alterations and two genomic features of TMB and MSI.

Results

By stringent validation, CSYS exhibited high sensitivity and predictive positive value of 99.7% and 99.9%, respectively, for single nucleotide variation; 100% and 99.9%, respectively, for short insertion and deletion (indel); and 95.5% and 100%, respectively, for copy number alteration (CNA). Moreover, CSYS achieved 100% specificity for both long indel (50–3,000 bp insertion and deletion) and gene rearrangement. Overall, we used 33 cell lines and 208 clinical samples to validate CSYS's NGS performance, and genomic alterations in clinical samples were also confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Importantly, the landscape of TMB across different cancers of Chinese patients (n = 3,309) was studied. TMB by CSYS exhibited a high correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.98) with TMB by whole exome sequencing (WES). MSI measurement showed 98% accuracy and was confirmed by PCR. Application of CSYS in a clinical setting showed an unexpectedly high occurrence of long indel (6.3%) in a cohort of tumors from Chinese patients with cancer (n = 3,309), including TP53, RB1, FLT3, BRCA2, and other cancer driver genes with clinical impact.

Conclusion

CSYS proves to be clinically applicable and useful in disclosing genomic alterations relevant to cancer target therapies and revealing biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Implications for Practice

The study describes a specially designed sequencing panel assay to detect genomic alterations and features of 450 cancer genes, including its overall workflow and rigorous clinical and analytical validations. The distribution of pan-cancer tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, gene rearrangement, and long insertion and deletion mutations was assessed for the first time by this assay in a broad array of Chinese patients with cancer. The Cancer Sequencing YS panel and its validation study could serve as a blueprint for developing next-generation sequencing-based assays, particularly for the purpose of clinical application.
METODOLOGIAS DE PESQUISAS COM CRIANÇAS
Authors: Martins Filho Altino José , Silveira Barbosa Maria Carmem
Published: August 2019

Este artigo diz respeito às escolhas teórico-metodológicas que procuram valorizar e tomar as crianças como sujeitos privilegiados nas pesquisas sobre a infância e a sua educação. A pretensão é abrir caminhos promissores na definição da participação das crianças pequenas nas pesquisas. O estudo demonstrou as polêmicas que geram controvérsias à participação das crianças nas pesquisas; evidencia-se que o crescimento de pesquisas com crianças aumentou a produção de conhecimentos sobre as infâncias, bem como o interesse em desenvolver metodologias e procedimentos não convencionais de pesquisas que qualifiquem as vozes das crianças.

Palavras-chave: Metodologia; crianças; pesquisa.
USANDO CRIANÇAS PARA VENDER: INFÂNCIA E CONSUMO NA PUBLICIDADE DE REVISTAS
Authors: Deporte Andrade Paula , Costa Marisa Vorraber
Published: August 2019

Na atual sociedade, também identificada como “sociedade de consumidores” (BAUMAN, 2008), todas as pessoas, independentemente de condições econômicas, gênero, idade e grupo social, são convocadas a fazer parte das redes de consumo. Neste artigo nos voltamos para a infância e abordamos uma das faces de sua inserção na sociedade de consumidores, procurando mostrar como as crianças vem sendo usadas para vender. Como referencial teórico adotamos, entre outros, os escritos de Zygmunt Bauman, Juliet Schor e Robert Bocock que tratam das versões contemporâneas do consumo e as problematizam. A partir da análise da publicidade em revistas semanais de grande circulação, discutimos o quanto é produtivo para o mercado econômico a aliança entre infância e consumo, e argumentamos que esse uso das crianças na publicidade contribui para uma nova concepção de infância: a infância do consumo. Uma infância erotizada, preocupada em adquirir, em mostrar-se, uma infância insaciável e sempre em movimento. É essa infância que está chegando à escola com novos interesses, preferências e condutas, tornando-se merecedora de toda a nossa atenção.

Palavras-chave: Infância contemporânea; infância e consumo; sociedade de consumidores; publicidade; revistas.
PENSAR A FORMAÇAO DE PROFESSORES DESDE A EXPERIÊNCIA E DESDE O MENOR DA FORMAÇAO.
Authors: Ribetto Anelice
Published: August 2019

Esse ensaio trata da possibilidade de pensar naquilo que –talvez- acontece quando ousamos pensar a formação de professores desde a experiência – e não como experimento- ou, talvez, quando nos atrevemos a pensar esse território como um espaço menor, um espaço de resistência e de desconstrução de um suposto campo maior, o campo da Formação de Professores. Essa formação –menor- como uma possibilidade de aprender a ler sem saber ler, ou de aprender de ouvidos... uma formação que não se sabe antes do encontro... uma formação como alteridade, como aquilo no qual entramos sem saber o que vamos encontrar apreender, ler, escrever... como aquilo que nos transforma –no sentido da metamorfose e não da metástase. A formação como uma possibilidade de estar juntos, como a possibilidade de convivência, mas, uma convivência que não aponte necessariamente para uma harmonia, uma evitação de conflitos, um acordo instantâneo, uma plena satisfação... mas, tal vez, um estar que seja pura ambigüidade.
O ESTIGMA NO ESPAÇO ESCOLAR: A PRÁTICA DOS CONELHOS DE CLASSE
Authors: Castro Paula Almeida de
Published: August 2019

A estigmatização na interação entre professores e alunos observada durante as reuniões de Conselho de Classe é o tema desse artigo. Neste artigo são apresentados os resultados das análises produzidas a partir da investigação etnográfica de uma escola pública de ensino fundamental na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O cenário dos Conselhos de Classe foi observado e analisado oferecendo pistas para compreender a prática pedagógica orientada pela estigmatização, medicalização e patologização dos alunos e, por vezes, de seus familiares como forma de justificar seus fracassos na escola. Foi possível observar que os alunos que não se encaixam nos padrões de normalidade impostos pela escola, recebiam uma marca, um estigma, passando a serem reconhecidos no meio escolar por tais atribuições. Havia na fala dos professores, um controle, que tornava essa marca visível a todos que conviviam com esses alunos. Os resultados desse estudo fornecem pistas para repensar a situação de vulnerabilidade e exclusão a que alguns alunos são expostos, na avaliação dos Conselhos de Classe, em função de suas dificuldades nos processos educacionais. Oferece, ainda, a possibilidade de pensar o respeito a diferença pela diferença em uma escola efetivamente inclusiva.
O processo de descentralização e o financiamento das políticas públicas educacionais
Authors: Teixeira Iara Da Paixão Corrêa , Nunes Andre , Almeida Alexandre Nascimento de
Published: August 2019

O artigo tem como objetivo compreender o processo de descentralização de recursos para fins de financiamento de políticas públicas educacionais e o impacto da política na melhoria da qualidade do ensino, medida pelo IDEB. A pesquisa teve como base teórica artigos relacionados ao processo de descentralização de políticas públicas e a legislação a respeito do financiamento educacional, em especial as leis que instituíram o FUNDEF e o FUNDEB. Os dados apontam que a política dos Fundos aumentou a capacidade de investimento sem, no entanto, proporcionar uma melhoria significativa na qualidade do ensino público nos municípios do Território das Águas Emendadas
Experiencia en la aplicación del protocolo de buenas prácticas en parentalidad positiva desde el equipo territorial de servicios sociales área I
Authors: Maseda Lodos María Grata
Published: August 2019

En el año 2009 se desarrolló en Navia (Asturias) el Programa de Orientación Educativa Familiar (POEF), en fase de pilotaje. En este momento, se comenzó un proceso cíclico de planificación – ejecución- evaluación, como es propio en la práctica de las ciencias sociales. No entendimos este momento como un punto y final, como si fuese la culminación de un proceso, sino que desde su origen tratamos de adaptarnos al contexto, que viene determinado por los cambios sociales y educativos de cada momento, para dar respuestas lo más ajustadas posibles a las necesidades de las personas. Consideramos que en ese momento no se había hecho más que el planteamiento inicial del programa, por lo que continuamos mediante un proceso dialéctico entre la teoría y la práctica, dando forma a una herramienta más adaptada a nuestro entorno de trabajo y a la finalidad última de los servicios sociales que es la compensación de desigualdades, con el objetivo prioritario convertirlo en una medida de acción positiva, entendiendo por acción positiva, aquellas actuaciones o intervenciones que se realizan en un colectivo en el que existe una desigualdad con el fin de disminuir o eliminar esta descompensación social. El trabajo que se presenta podríamos decir que consta de dos partes; en la primera parte, se desarrolla en distintos Ayuntamientos el programa-guía para el desarrollo de competencias emocionales,educativas y parentales desarrollado por la profesora Dra. Raquel-Amaya Martínez González de la Universidad de Oviedo. Desde un primer momento, valoramos el programa como unaherramienta necesaria, muy eficaz y valiosa por su carácter multiplicador y preventivo. En la segunda parte, como respuesta a la convocatoria que presenta el Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad y la Federación Española de Municipios y Provincias que tiene por fin promover el ejercicio positivo de la parentalidad y reforzar el apoyo a la parentalidad positiva en las políticas y servicios públicos de los Gobiernos Locales y en el tejido asociativo. La iniciativa era  una oportunidad clara de optimizar la gestión a favor de la coordinación interdisciplinar, la sensibilización, la formación, la promoción ciudadana y la prevención de situaciones de riesgo; también la invitación a que diferentes agentes sociales sumen a sus objetivos o líneas de actuación esta filosofía; todo ello siguiendo la recomendación del Consejo de Europa 2006.
Formación en competencias del alumnado de educación en la atención a la diversidad: diferencias según la titulación
Authors: Fernández Jiménez Carolina , Hervás Torres Mirian , Aparicio Puerta Marta , Polo Sánchez María Tamara , Tallón Rosales Susana
Published: August 2019

La Educación Superior defiende actualmente un nuevo paradigma educativo, que incluya metodologías activas y estrategias de evaluación que se centren en el desarrollo de competencias como medio para lograr la educación integral de los estudiantes. El presente estudio describe la aplicación de una de esas metodologías activas, el aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP), dirigido a alumnado de educación que cursa materias relacionadas con la atención a la diversidad en diferentes titulaciones. La muestra estaba formada por 239 estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Granada. Los resultados del estudio muestran diferencias en el logro de competencias según la titulación cursada.
Adolescentes y teléfono móvil: perspectiva de padres residentes en el ámbito rural
Authors: Castro Arroyo Alba , Isidro de Pedro Ana Isabel
Published: August 2019

Resulta innegable el continuo desarrollo y la abrumadora popularidad de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Concretamente, el teléfono móvil se ha adentrado en nuestra cotidianeidad, convirtiéndose en un elemento imprescindible para buena parte de la población –y especialmente para los adolescentes–, adquiriendo funciones relacionales y comunicativas tan potentes que han conllevado cambios en el comportamiento psicosocial. Además, estudios al respecto avalan que esto es especialmente significativo en menores residentes en zonas rurales, dadas las especiales características del entorno (despoblación –principalmente en lo que a la población joven respecta–, déficit de infraestructuras, escasa oferta de actividades de ocio, lejanía de otros núcleos de población...) Dada esta inminente realidad, de innegables implicaciones educativas, elpresente trabajo pretende analizar si los padres, madres y/o tutores residentes en el ámbito rural aprecian cambios en el comportamiento psicosocial de sus hijos –en edad adolescente y con teléfono móvil propio– debidos al uso del mismo. Para realizar la investigación se ha seleccionado una pequeña localidad rural de la comarca de La Armuña (Salamanca) y, concretamente, una muestra formada por 37 padres, madres y/o tutores, con hijos en edad adolescente, de los que el 54% son mujeres y el 46% hombres y con edades comprendidas entre los 35 y los 65 años. Por su parte, el instrumento medida utilizado es un cuestionario ad hoc, de elaboración propia, constituido por un total de 41 ítems. Los resultados revelan que, debido al uso del móvil, los padres aprecian cambios no sólo en el comportamiento de sus hijos adolescentes, sino también en la propia forma de vida y en las rutinas familiares. Igualmente, se comprueba cómo, en la muestra estudiada, pocos padres establecen reglas o límites de uso de los dispositivos móviles a sus hijos, así como la escasa formación de los padres en las nuevas tecnologías.
La realidad aumentada en la intervención del alumnado con trastorno del espectro autista a través de la producción científica
Authors: Gilabert Cerdá Alba , Pérez Vázquez Elena , Lorenzo Lledó Alejandro , Lledó Carreres Asunción , Lorenzo Lledó Gonzalo
Published: August 2019

En el ámbito educativo, los denominados métodos tradicionales están siendo remplazados por otros procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje con la finalidad de mejorar el rendimiento académico del alumnado. En esta línea, uno de los métodos que mejor está respondiendo a las demandas de la educación es la introducción de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación. Durante las últimas décadas, la Realidad Aumentada, también conocida como RA, se trata de una de las tendencias más novedosas en tecnología. Este protagonismo es cada vez más relevante en distintas áreas de conocimiento. La RA se trata de un sistema interactivo que tiene como propósito el acceso a la información de la realidad del mundo y pone a disposición de la sociedad datos digitales en tiempo real. En definitiva, supone crear una imagen ficticia, un modelo 3D, textos u otro tipo de información generada a partir de un procesador. Centrando la temática en el ámbito educativo, y más concretamente en el contexto del aula de pedagogía terapéutica y en las Necesidades Específicas de Apoyo Educativo (NEAE), la utilización de las TIC empezó con gran fuerza debido a la aparición de algunos materiales muy eficaces como la pizarra digital. Sin embargo, después de algunos años, aparecen nuevas Tecnologías de la  Información y Comunicación cuya didáctica mejora la enseñanza. No cabe duda, de que la RA es una herramienta imprescindible en el aula ya que, sostiene dos de los pilares claves en educación: motivación y aprendizaje. Por otro lado, debido al aumento de estudiantes que presentan el Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) y teniendo en cuenta su alta heterogeneidad, tanto en cuestiones etiológicas como en las manifestaciones y evolución de los síntomas, existe una notoria dificultad para acertar en las intervenciones educativas. Resulta complicado definir qué método es el más apropiado y por ello, el que más fortalece las habilidades sociales, de comunicación y de desarrollo sensoriomotor. En este sentido, este estudio tiene por objetivo revisar el estado de producción científica sobre Realidad Aumentada en la intervención del alumnado con TEA. Para alcanzar este fin, se ha trabajado con la Web of Science (WOS) obteniendo una muestra de artículos que fueron analizados en función de una serie de indicadores bibliométricos (número de publicaciones por año, número de citas por año…). Los resultados obtenidos indicaron un aumento de producción significativo, siendo el periodo principal de producción entre el año 2015 y el año 2018 y, el de mayor citación científica aquel comprendido entre el año 2016-2018. Este hecho muestra los beneficios del uso de la RA en alumnado con TEA y, por tanto, la necesidad de indagar en este campo. Este trabajo se enmarca dentro de la línea de investigación del grupo de investigación de la Universidad de Alicante IncluTic (VIRGROB-321).