bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Should low birth-weight be considered a relevant risk factor for rise in pulse pressure among adult overweight-obese subjects?
Authors: Fedi Anna , Fedi Anna , Cipollini Franco , Cipollini Franco , Arcangeli Enrica , Arcangeli Enrica , Fabbri Gianna , Fabbri Gianna , Policardo Laura , Policardo Laura , Seghieri Marta , Seghieri Marta , Seghieri Giuseppe
Published: September 2015

Low birth-weight (BW) is related to rise in blood pressure (BP) later in life. Aim of this study is investigating whether presence of overweight-obesity modifies this relationship, independently from any additional correlate of metabolic syndrome. We studied 535 (216 M/319 F) otherwise healthy overweight-obese people (body mass index≥25 kg/m2), recording systolic, diastolic and pulse BP as well as plasma glucose and lipids, additionally interviewing them about BW and weight-change after age of 18 years. The reciprocal of BW was related only to pulse pressure (PP, r=0.14; P=0.04), uniquely in men and individuals with BW≤2500 g had a higher relative risk of having PP above upper quartile (>60 mmHg), independently of sex. After adjusting for confounders each 1 kg rise in BW was associated with 2.84±0.88 (standard error) mmHg decrease in PP; P=0.0042. Moreover, again only among males, the lower BW the higher was the risk of a PP>60 mmHg [odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 2.43 (1.39-4.24); P=0.0018]. In conclusion BW was inversely related only with PP in overweight-obese subjects, uniquely in men, being such effect independent from other correlates of metabolic syndrome. Since elevated PP can be considered a proxy of vascular damage, these findings further stress the importance of inquiring about BW to better stratify the risk of vascular damage, in adult overweight-obese individuals.
Utility of endobronchial ultrasound-guided-fine-needle aspiration and additional value of cell block in the diagnosis of mediastinal granulomatous lymphadenopathy
Authors: Zaidi Shaesta Naseem , Raddaoui Emad
Published: September 2015

Background:

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial fine-needle aspiration is a minimally invasive technique for diagnosis of mediastinal lesions. Although most studies have reported the utility of EBUS-FNA in malignancy, its use has been extended to the benign conditions as well.

Objective:

To evaluate the diagnostic yield and cytologic accuracy of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial fine-needle aspiration (EBUS-FNA) in cases of clinically and radiologically suspected granulomatous diseases.

Patients and Method:

From May 2010 to April 2015, 43 of 115 patients who underwent EBUS-FNA at one center for radiologically and clinically suspicious granulomatous lesions, and with no definite histological diagnosis, were included in this retrospective study.

Results:

When the histological diagnosis was taken as the gold standard, the sensitivity of EBUS-FNA was 85% and specificity was 100% with the positive predictive value of 100. The combined diagnostic sensitivity of EBUS-FNA and transbronchial lung biopsy was 100%. In 4 cases, cell block provided an exclusive morphological diagnosis of sarcoidosis which was noncontributory by EBUS-FNA.

Conclusion:

Our study supports the use of EBUS-FNA, by virtue of being a safe, minimally invasive, and an outpatient procedure, in the diagnosis of granulomatous mediastinal lymphadenopathy, thereby obviating more invasive testing in a significant number of patients. Also, cell block provides additional data in the diagnosis in these benign mediastinal diseases.
High Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Young Adults in Ternate, Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Ie Susan Irawati , Turyadi  , Sidarta Erick , Sadhewa Arkasha , Purnomo Gludhug Ariyo , Soedarmono Yuyun S. M. , Pattiiha Mochtar Zein , Thedja Meta Dewi , Harahap Alida R. , Muljono David H.
Published: September 2015

The incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been declining thanks to the universal hepatitis B infant immunization program. Nevertheless, young adults born before the program implementation might have acquired HBV in early childhood or remain susceptible to infection. This study aimed to evaluate hepatitis B epidemiology in asymptomatic young adult population in Ternate, eastern Indonesia. Serum samples of 376 subjects (aged 17–25, mean 19.82 ± 1.69 years; male/female 138/238) were screened for HBV parameters serologically (HBV surface antigen [HBsAg]; its antibody [anti-HBs]; anti-core antigen [anti-HBc]), and molecularly (HBV DNA). HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs, and HBV DNA prevalence were 15.7%, 36.2%, 24.2%, and 27.9%, respectively, with male predominance. Of all subjects, 13.0% were HBsAg negative with detectable HBV DNA (occult hepatitis B [OHB]), and 56.4% showed negativity for all seromarkers. This population showed high hepatitis B prevalence with substantial occurrence of OHB. However, a high percentage of the population were still susceptible and at risk of HBV infection. This study emphasizes the necessity to improve prevention strategies to screen and manage HBV carriers, including the adoption of catch-up or booster vaccination targeted to young adult populations. Investigations on the roles of host-virus interactions associated with OHB and its implications are warranted.
Successful Antiparasitic Treatment for Cysticercosis is Associated with a Fast and Marked Reduction of Circulating Antigen Levels in a Naturally Infected Pig Model
Authors: Gonzalez Armando E. , Bustos Javier A. , Garcia Hector H. , Rodriguez Silvia , Zimic Mirko , Castillo Yesenia , Praet Nicolas , Gabriël Sarah , Gilman Robert H. , Dorny Pierre
Published: September 2015

Taenia solium cysticercosis is a common parasitic infection of humans and pigs. We evaluated the posttreatment evolution of circulating parasite-specific antigen titers in 693 consecutive blood samples from 50 naturally infected cysticercotic pigs, which received different regimes of antiparasitic drugs (N = 39, 7 groups), prednisone (N = 5), or controls (N = 6). Samples were collected from baseline to week 10 after treatment, when pigs were euthanized and carefully dissected at necropsy. Antigen levels decreased proportionally to the efficacy of treatment and correlated with the remaining viable cysts at necropsy (Pearson's p = 0.67, P = 0.000). A decrease of 5 times in antigen levels (logarithmic scale) compared with baseline was found in 20/26 pigs free of cysts at necropsy, compared with 1/24 of those who had persisting viable cysts (odds ratio [OR] = 76.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 8.1–3308.6, P < 0.001). Antigen monitoring reflects the course of infection in the pig. If a similar correlation exists in infected humans, this assay may provide a minimally invasive and easy monitoring assay to assess disease evolution and efficacy of antiparasitic treatment in human neurocysticercosis.
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain and Assessment of Ergonomic Factors in Undergraduate Dental Students: An Observational Study
Authors: Kumar R Vinaya , Anuroopa P , Nalini MS , Savita S
Published: September 2015

Background

The musculoskeletal health of dental pro- fessionals has been the focus of several studies globally. It has been estimated that work-related musculoskeletal injuries occur in 54 to 93% of dental professionals. However, when it comes to studies carried out on dental students, there is a dearth of information. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the ergonomic factors and presence of muscular pain in dental students undergoing clinical training at Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, India.

Materials and methods

Data collection was carried out on a sample of 103 students pursuing their undergraduate program in dentistry using a structured questionnaire comprising questions pertaining to the recipient's sociodemographic information, ergonomic features, medical information, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) resulting from clinical practice, musculoskeletal demands, posture related queries, workplace, instruments and exercises.

Results

The results of this study revealed a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in dental students. Further, the study also highlighted the lack of knowledge among the students which could have led to the aggravation of symptoms.

Conclusion

Therefore, it is essential to include ergonomics in the dental curriculum so as to educate students regarding adoption of healthy postures and subsequently reduce the risk of MSDs. The etiology of musculoskeletal disease is multifactorial and consequently preventive strategies should focus on ergo- nomics, breaks at work, general health and physical exercise.

How to cite this article

Kumar RV, Anuroopa P, Nalini MS, Savita S. Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain and Assessment of Ergonomic Factors in Undergraduate Dental Students: An Observational Study. J Health Sci Res 2014;5(2):1-5.
Improving the global applicability of the RUSLE model – adjustment of the topographical and rainfall erosivity factors
Authors: Naipal V. , Reick C. , Pongratz J. , Van Oost K.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Large uncertainties exist in estimated rates and the extent of soil erosion by surface runoff on a global scale. This limits our understanding of the global impact that soil erosion might have on agriculture and climate. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model is, due to its simple structure and empirical basis, a frequently used tool in estimating average annual soil erosion rates at regional to global scales. However, large spatial-scale applications often rely on coarse data input, which is not compatible with the local scale on which the model is parameterized. Our study aims at providing the first steps in improving the global applicability of the RUSLE model in order to derive more accurate global soil erosion rates. We adjusted the topographical and rainfall erosivity factors of the RUSLE model and compared the resulting erosion rates to extensive empirical databases from the USA and Europe. By scaling the slope according to the fractal method to adjust the topographical factor, we managed to improve the topographical detail in a coarse resolution global digital elevation model. Applying the linear multiple regression method to adjust rainfall erosivity for various climate zones resulted in values that compared well to high resolution erosivity data for different regions. However, this method needs to be extended to tropical climates, for which erosivity is biased due to the lack of high resolution erosivity data. After applying the adjusted and the unadjusted versions of the RUSLE model on a global scale we find that the adjusted version shows a global higher mean erosion rate and more variability in the erosion rates. Comparison to empirical data sets of the USA and Europe shows that the adjusted RUSLE model is able to decrease the very high erosion rates in hilly regions that are observed in the unadjusted RUSLE model results. Although there are still some regional differences with the empirical databases, the results indicate that the methods used here seem to be a promising tool in improving the applicability of the RUSLE model at coarse resolution on a global scale.
Numerical simulation of buckling behavior of the buried steel pipeline under reverse fault displacement
Authors: Zhang J. , Liang Z. , Han C. J. , Zhang H.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Reverse fault movement is one of the threats for the structural integrity of buried oil-gas pipelines caused by earthquakes. Buckling behavior of the buried pipeline was investigated by finite element method. Effects of fault displacement, internal pressure, diameter-thick ratio, buried depth and friction coefficient on buckling behavior of the buried steel pipeline were discussed. The results show that internal pressure is the most important factor that affecting the pipeline buckling pattern. Buckling mode of non-pressure pipeline is collapse under reverse fault. Wrinkles appear on buried pressure pipeline when the internal pressure is more than 0.4 Pmax. Four buckling locations appear on the buried pressure pipeline under bigger fault displacement. There is only one wrinkle on the three locations of the pipeline in the rising formation, but more wrinkles on the fourth location. Number of the wrinkle ridges and length of the wavy buckling increase with the increasing of friction coefficient. Number of buckling location decreases gradually with the decreasing of diameter-thick ratio. A protective device of buried pipeline was designed for preventing pipeline damage crossing fault area for its simple structure and convenient installation. Those results can be used to safety evaluation, maintenance and protection of buried pipelines crossing fault area.
An approach to reduce mapping errors in the production of landslide inventory maps
Authors: Santangelo M. , Marchesini I. , Bucci F. , Cardinali M. , Fiorucci F. , Guzzetti F.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Landslide inventory maps (LIMs) show where landslides have occurred in an area, and provide information useful to different types of landslide studies, including susceptibility and hazard modelling and validation, risk assessment, erosion analyses, and to evaluate relationships between landslides and geological settings. Despite recent technological advancements, visual interpretation of aerial photographs (API) remains the most common method to prepare LIMs. In this work, we present a new semi-automatic procedure that makes use of GIS technology for the digitization of landslide data obtained through API. To test the procedure, and to compare it to a consolidated landslide mapping method, we prepared two LIMs starting from the same set of landslide API data, which were digitized (a) manually adopting a consolidated visual transfer method, and (b) adopting our new semi-automatic procedure. Results indicate that the new semi-automatic procedure (a) increases the interpreter's overall efficiency by a factor of 2, (b) reduces significantly the subjectivity introduced by the visual (manual) transfer of the landslide information to the digital database, resulting in more accurate LIMs. With the new procedure, the landslide positional error decreases with increasing landslide size, following a power-law. We expect that our work will help adopt standards for transferring landslide information from the aerial photographs to a digital landslide map, contributing to the production of accurate landslide maps.
Inhibition of Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1 Alpha Radiosensitized MG-63 Human Osteosarcoma Cells in Vitro
Authors: Jin Zhu , Aixi Yu , Baiwen Qi , Zonghuan Li , Xiang Hu
Published: September 2015

Aims and background

Hypoxia is a fundamental microenvironmental component of osteosarcoma which induces activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) pathway. Overexpression of HIF-1α has been linked to tumor resistance to radio- or chemotherapy. However, little is known about the effects of HIF-1α inhibition on hypoxic radioresistance of human osteosarcoma cells. Here, we investigated the effects of HIF-1α inhibition on cell survival and radiosensitivity in the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line.

Methods

HIF-1α inhibition was achieved by small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting of HIF-1α or via chetomin. Inhibition of the HIF-1 pathway was determined by monitoring the expression levels of HIF-1α, carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analyses. Clonogenic assay was performed after irradiation (2-10 Gy) to investigate the effect of HIF-1α inhibition on the radiosensitivity of human osteosarcoma cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.

Results

Compared to the control groups, treatment with HIF-1α siRNA or chetomin significantly reduced the hypoxia-inducible radioresistance of MG-63 cells. However, siRNA and chetomin showed different effects on the radiosensitivity under normoxic conditions.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that inhibition of HIF-1α effectively decreases hypoxia-induced transcription and radiosensitizes hypoxic MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells in vitro.
“What's he a judge of?”
Authors: Comyn Joshua
Published: September 2015

In this article, I argue that the character of Judge Holden in Blood Meridian ought to be regarded as the fictional author of the novel, and that the kid ought to be considered a sign of the reader of Blood Meridian within the text of Blood Meridian itself. I argue further that the particular challenge the novel presents its kid-as-reader, the act of critical judgment that it requires this figure to perform, is that of apprehending the judge, of judging him. I then argue that the difficulty of accomplishing such an act of judgment is due to the fact that it threatens to repeat the acts of judgment already performed by the judge in the novel, with the implication that if the reader is to avoid doubling such a regime of judgment and its specifically scriptural violence, then this judgment must be performed in a manner that is different to the judgment meted out by the judge in the novel. I conclude my argument by affirming the necessity of an ethics of reading that is in exception to the judge's regime of textual violence, and offer a reading of the novel that demonstrates what such an ethics of reading may look like in practice.
News Madder Yet
Authors: Nash Woods
Published: September 2015

This article contends that, for his portrayals of Eastern State Hospital in both Child of God and Suttree, McCarthy drew on at least one specific news story. That story, “Conditions at Eastern State Appalling,” was written by Charles Appleton and appeared in the Knoxville Journal on January 25, 1971. Appleton's story—and others that soon followed it—contain numerous details that McCarthy very likely borrowed and redeployed in both novels and in an unpublished episode from Suttree. As I survey those details, I also advance a proposal as to the interpretive significance of this newly foregrounded place: In Child of God and Suttree, Eastern State Hospital serves as a further, potent means of questioning—and perhaps even subverting—the distinction between a “civilized” society and its outcasts, such as persons it deems “mentally ill.”
Dreaming the Border Trilogy
Authors: White Christopher T.
Published: September 2015

Cormac McCarthy's Border Trilogy dramatizes the power of dreams and waking visions to reveal aspects or dimensions of reality that by their very nature seem resistant to language. The Trilogy accomplishes this through its numerous depictions of character dreams and visionary events, but also through unconventional stylistic and narrational features implying that what the reader is encountering in the text is a kind of dreamlike otherworld, translated by its oracular narrator into a more familiar idiom, the “spoken word.” McCarthy's thematic interest in the dreamer-storyteller analogy and his distinctive use of a visionary narrative voice throughout the Trilogy challenge any straightforward understanding we might have about the process of narrative creation, which in McCarthy's case (and perhaps more broadly) seems to be characterized by a blurry interaction between creativity and reception, authorship and readership.
Outcome of ankle arthrodesis and total ankle replacement for ankle arthrosis in terms of gait variability
Authors: Chopra Swati , Rouhani Hossein , Moerenhout Kevin , Favre Julien , Aminian Kamiar , Crevoisier Xavier
Published: September 2015

Background: Higher variability in gait parameters has been reported in patients’ with arthrosis of hip and knee joints, leading to dynamic instability and increased risk of falling. Higher variability and gait instability has also been noted to persist months after surgery. Ankle arthrosis is likely similar, but information regarding this is lacking. The purpose of the study was to evaluate gait variability following ankle arthrosis and its surgical treatments, ankle arthrodesis and total ankle replacement. Methods: Seventy participants, divided into controls, ankle arthrosis, ankle arthrodesis and total ankle replacement, performed gait assessment wearing 3-D inertial sensors through which gait parameters and the variability were compared among groups. Correlations between American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle score and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure score with the gait parameters and their variability were calculated. Results: All three case groups reported gait variability similar to that of the controls. On the contrary, significant differences (P < .01) were reported in several gait parameters when compared to the controls in all case groups. Furthermore, both clinical scores showed little to no correlation with gait variability and a good correlation was reported with gait parameters (P < .0001). Conclusions: The study did not find gait variability to be as reliable compared with gait parameters when assessing the outcome of ankle surgeries. Furthermore, among the gait parameters, walking speed showed a strong correlation with the patients’ functional status and is confirmed as an important parameter for ankle arthrosis.
Investigation Into Shelf Life of Fresh Dates and Pistachios in a Package Modified With Nano-Silver
Authors: Mousavi Fateme Peyro , Pour Hasan Hashemi , Nasab Amir Heidari , Rajabalipour Ali A. , Barouni Mohsen
Published: September 2015

AIMS: The aim of this study was to apply polymer films containing silver nanoparticles as a new method for increasing the shelf life and preserving the quality of export/commercial products of Kerman Province and determine the ideal temperature for preserving these products.

METHODS: After preparing nano-composite films containing silver nanoparticles (3% and 5% by weight), Mazafati dates were packed in them and stored with their control samples under four temperatures. In the second series, the films were filled with fresh pistachios and stored at four temperatures. In date samples, after 2, 7, 21 and 53 days of storing the samples were examined under the certified test of Iran Institute of Industrial Standard for Dates, which includes pH, TSS, acidity and reducing sugars tests. In pistachio samples the color values and market-friendly quality were evaluated after 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 8 days of storage.

RESULTS: In date samples, the pH value decreased with increasing acidity in 3 and 5 wt% of nano-silver and their control samples. In addition, in 5 wt% samples the acidity was higher than that in 3% samples, with pH being lower in the controls at almost all the intervals. Furthermore, pH values in 5% samples were higher in comparison with 3 wt% samples and controls. The amount of reducing sugars in the control samples was lower than those in 3 and 5 wt% samples. In relation to pistachio samples, the damage over time was greater in sample stored under higher temperatures.

CONCLUSION: The maximum shelf life of the dates packaged in 5 wt% of silver nano-powder was 53 days and the best temperature to store samples was determined at 4°C. Packages containing nano-silver increased shelf life of fresh pistachios, with the best temperatures being 25°C and 0°C.
Primitive zeros of quadratic forms mod $p^2$
Authors: Hakami Ali H.
Published: September 2015

Let $Q({\bf{x}}) = Q(x_1 ,x_2 ,\ldots,x_n )$ be a quadratic form with integer coefficients, $p$ be an odd prime and $\left\| \bf{x} \right\| = \max _i \left| {x_i } \right|.$ A solution of the congruence $Q({\mathbf{x}}) \equiv {\mathbf{0}}\;(\bmod\; p^2 )$ is said to be a primitive solution if $p\nmid x_i $ for some $i$. In this paper, we seek to obtain primitive solutions of this congruence in small rectangular boxes of the type $ \mathcal{B} = \{ {\mathbf{x}} \in \mathbb{Z}^n : |x_i| \le M_i ,\;1 \leqslant i \leqslant n\} $ where for $1 \le i \le l$ we have $M_i \le p$, while for $i>l$ we have $M_i>p$. In particular, we show that if $n \ge 4$, $n$ even, $l \le \frac n2-2$, and $Q$ is nonsingular $\pmod p$, then there exists a primitive solution with $x_i = 0$, $1 \le i \le l$, and $|x_i| \le 2^{\frac {4n+3}{n-l}} p^{\frac n{n-l}} +1$, for $l<i \le n$.
Inverse problems for higher order differential systems with regular singularities on star-type graphs
Authors: Yurko Vjacheslav
Published: September 2015

We study an inverse spectral problem for arbitrary order ordinary differential equations on compact star-type graphs when differential equations have regular singularities at boundary vertices. As the main spectral characteristics we introduce and study the so-called Weyl-type matrices which are generalizations of the Weyl function (m-function) for the classical Sturm-Liouville operator. We provide a procedure for constructing the solution of the inverse problem and prove its uniqueness.
Recent developments on pseudo-differential operators (II)
Authors: Chang Der-chen Edward , Lyu Xiaojing , Schulze Bert-Wolfgang
Published: September 2015

The analysis on manifolds with singularities is a rapidly developing field of research, with new achievements and compelling challenges. We present here elements of an iterative approach to building up pseudo-differential structures. Those participate in operator algebras on singular manifolds and reflect the properties of parametrices of elliptic operators, including boundary value problems.
Rhaphiostylis minima Jongkind (Icacinaceae), a new liana species from Ivory Coast & Liberia
Authors: Jongkind Carel C.H.
Published: September 2015

A new species of Rhaphiostylis, R. minima sp. nov. from Liberia and Ivory Coast, is described and illustrated here. It is characterised by its comparatively small size, an ovate to lanceolate leaf blade with long drip tip and a partly glabrous ovary that is in shape in between those of R. elegans Engl. and R. preussii Engl. Rhaphiostylis elegans is lectotypified and illustrated here.
Circuit mechanisms encoding odors and driving aging-associated behavioral declines in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Leinwand Sarah G , Yang Claire J , Bazopoulou Daphne , Chronis Nikos , Srinivasan Jagan , Chalasani Sreekanth H
Published: September 2015

Chemosensory neurons extract information about chemical cues from the environment. How is the activity in these sensory neurons transformed into behavior? Using Caenorhabditis elegans, we map a novel sensory neuron circuit motif that encodes odor concentration. Primary neurons, AWCON and AWA, directly detect the food odor benzaldehyde (BZ) and release insulin-like peptides and acetylcholine, respectively, which are required for odor-evoked responses in secondary neurons, ASEL and AWB. Consistently, both primary and secondary neurons are required for BZ attraction. Unexpectedly, this combinatorial code is altered in aged animals: odor-evoked activity in secondary, but not primary, olfactory neurons is reduced. Moreover, experimental manipulations increasing neurotransmission from primary neurons rescues aging-associated neuronal deficits. Finally, we correlate the odor responsiveness of aged animals with their lifespan. Together, these results show how odors are encoded by primary and secondary neurons and suggest reduced neurotransmission as a novel mechanism driving aging-associated sensory neural activity and behavioral declines.
Temporal and spatial strategies in an active place avoidance task on Carousel: a study of effects of stability of arena rotation speed in rats
Authors: Bahník Štěpán , Stuchlík Aleš
Published: September 2015

The active place avoidance task is a dry-arena task used to assess spatial navigation and memory in rodents. In this task, a subject is put on a rotating circular arena and avoids an invisible sector that is stable in relation to the room. Rotation of the arena means that the subject’s avoidance must be active, otherwise the subject will be moved in the to-be-avoided sector by the rotation of the arena and a slight electric shock will be administered. The present experiment explored the effect of variable arena rotation speed on the ability to avoid the to-be-avoided sector. Subjects in a group with variable arena rotation speed learned to avoid the sector with the same speed and attained the same avoidance ability as rats in a group with a stable arena rotation speed. Only a slight difference in preferred position within the room was found between the two groups. No difference was found between the two groups in the dark phase, where subjects could not use orientation cues in the room. Only one rat was able to learn the avoidance of the to-be-avoided sector in this phase. The results of the experiment suggest that idiothetic orientation and interval timing are not crucial for learning avoidance of the to-be-avoided sector. However, idiothetic orientation might be sufficient for avoiding the sector in the dark.
Pollinator sharing by the sexually deceptive Green-comb Spider Orchids, Caladenia phaeoclavia, C. parva and C. villosissima (Orchidaceae: Caladeniinae): taxonomic considerations
Authors: Bower Colin Charles
Published: September 2015

Sexually deceptive orchids are pollinated when male insects perform mating behaviours on the female-mimicking labellum. Such orchids are characterised by extreme pollinator specificity, having only one, or occasionally a few, closely related insect species as pollen vectors. Extreme pollinator specificity may confer complete prezygotic reproductive isolation, thereby avoiding gene flow across species boundaries in the absence of postzygotic barriers. Pollinator specificity is underpinned by precise mimicry of pollen vector sex pheromones. Rapid speciation in sexually deceptive orchid lineages is driven by small changes in allomone chemistry leading to switching of pollinators usually within the same or closely related insect lineages. Such rapid speciation may result in complexes of morphologically and genetically similar cryptic species that present taxonomic challenges. Species boundaries in sexually deceptive orchids are defined by differences in allomone chemistry and are detectable in nature by their specific pollinators, irrespective of minimal morphological or genetic divergence. Conversely, pollinator specificity in sexually deceptive orchids can help to identify examples of taxonomic over-splitting where complexes of morphologically variable orchid species are shown to share the same pollinator species. In this paper three sexually deceptive morphospecies in the Greencomb Spider Orchid complex, Caladenia parva G.W. Carr, C. phaeoclavia D.L. Jones and C. villosissima G.W. Carr, are shown to share the same thynnid wasp pollen vector, Lophocheilus anilitatus (Smith). The three orchids are closely similar morphologically, are likely to be monophyletic and are considered to be the same biological species. However, phylogenetic analysis is needed to confirm their monophyly, and possible polyploidy in C. villosissima may confer postzygotic reproductive isolation allowing it to share pollinators with C. phaeoclavia and C. parva without hybridizing. It is concluded that pollinator specificity has an important role in identifying species boundaries in complexes of cryptic species, but phylogenetic analysis and possible postzygotic isolating mechanisms should be investigated where pollinator sharing is identified among morphospecies before concluding they are monospecific.
Ironplant (Astrotricha hamptonii, Araliaceae): an enigmatic species with a rich history in bioprospecting
Authors: Barrett Russell L , Henwood Murray J
Published: September 2015

Astrotricha hamptonii F.Muell. (Araliaceae) is essentially restricted to the Hamersley Range in the Pilbara region of Western Australia where it grows on cliffs in rock fissures. This distinctive plant almost always grows in association with high-grade iron ore deposits on banded ironstone formations. Recognisable from the air, this species was used by mining company owner Lang Hancock’s prospecting partner, Ken McCamey, to accurately map the distribution of many of the richest iron ore deposits in the Hamersley Range in Western Australia. This paper provides the first detailed taxonomic description of this species to be published in English, and reviews its relationships in the Australian endemic genus Astrotricha DC. A summary of its use for bioprospecting is provided.
A new Chlorophytum (Asparagaceae) from the Southern Western Ghats
Authors: Mathew Jose
Published: September 2015

Chlorophytum clivorum (Asparagaceae) is described as a new species from southern Western Ghats, India.
O PIBID E A ESCOLA: OS SENTIDOS DAS TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS NA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DOCENTE
Authors: Cervi Gicele Maria , Favere Juliana
Published: September 2015

Este artigo problematiza a escola e sua relação com as tecnologias digitais. A pesquisa tem como objeto discutir um dos objetivos do Programa de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) que é “inserir os licenciandos no cotidiano de escolas da rede pública de educação, proporcionando-lhes oportunidades de criação e participação em experiências metodológicas, tecnológicas”. A partir de uma experiência de formação, foram analisadas percepções de um grupo de bolsistas de Iniciação à Docência (ID) sobre o uso das tecnologias digitais nas práticas pedagógicas. Os acordos teóricos estão centrados em Michel Foucault (1997), Gilles Deleuze (2006), Pierre Lévy (2011), Paula Sibilia (2012) e Marco Silva (2010). Como metodologia utilizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo, como instrumentos de coleta de dados: um questionário e materiais (diários) produzidos por um grupo de bolsistas de Iniciação à Docência (ID) do PIBID que participou de uma formação em tecnologias digitais no Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Formação de Educadores (LIFE). A partir dos dados coletados pode-se inferir que as tecnologias digitais estão presentes na vida dos escolares e nas escolas, mas, sua utilização em práticas pedagógicas ainda está distante do cotidiano dos sujeitos pesquisados. Para os estudantes pesquisados elas são consideradas ferramentas que podem contribuir para os processos de ensinar-aprender nas escolas. Eles reconhecem a importância das tecnologias digitais nos currículos de formação inicial, no entanto, apresentam resistências quanto a sua utilização, tanto nas práticas do PIBID, como nas aulas em que frequentam na Universidade. A oficina foi um momento de experimentação e de muitas reflexões para os participantes. Projetos como o PIBID aliado ao LIFE e o Prodocência caracterizam-se como espaços de diálogos e de práticas que possibilitam experimentar outros sentidos para os usos das tecnologias nos cotidianos escolares e talvez outro sentido para a escola.

 
Análise Textual Discursiva: os movimentos da metodologia de pesquisa
Authors: Pedruzzi Alana Das Neves , Schmidt Elisabeth Brandão , Galiazzi Maria do Carmo , Podewils Tamires Lopes
Published: September 2015

Resumo: Este artigo discorre sobre os movimentos de aprendizagem inerentes à metodologia Análise Textual Discursiva - ATD, proposta por Moraes e Galiazzi, vivenciados no âmbito de disciplina desenvolvida junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Ambiental e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação em Ciências – Química da Vida e Saúde da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG.  Foi constituída uma comunidade aprendente de mestrandos, doutorandos e professoras com foco no estudo e prática da ATD. O corpus de análise abarcou os resumos das teses e dissertações dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Educação Ambiental e Educação e Educação em Ciências – Química da Vida e Saúde, publicadas nos últimos cinco anos. Mostramos, neste artigo, de forma progressiva, o curso da Análise Textual Discursiva culminando na sua arte final - o metatexto, que é apresentado em sua íntegra. O metatexto discorre sobre uma das grandes categorias elencadas durante a análise - “Educação crítica transformadora: visão de educação e referencial teórico”, onde são construídos argumentos sobre a singularidade da Educação Ambiental. A experiência vivenciada em uma comunidade aprendente em torno da aprendizagem da Análise Textual Discursiva possibilitou um pensar coletivo sobre os múltiplos caminhos da pesquisa e na própria constituição dos pesquisadores.

Palavras-Chave: Análise Textual Discursiva. Comunidade Aprendente. Educação Ambiental.
Topographic height dependence of internal wave generation by tidal flow over random topography
Authors: Zhao Jiajun , Zhang Likun , Swinney Harry L.
Published: September 2015

Internal waves (IWs) generated by tidal flow over the seafloor play a critical role in ocean circulation and climate. We determine the dependence of the radiated IW power on topographic parameters in numerical simulations of tidal flow over two‐dimensional random topographic profiles that have the spectrum of oceanic abyssal hills. The IW power increases as the horizontal spatial resolution scale is decreased, but below a certain spatial scale the power saturates at a level less than the linear theory prediction. For increasing topographic RMS height Hrms the emergent interference of the tide and the IWs from different generation sites leads to a transition in the IW power dependence on Hrms from quadratic to linear. This transition in the scaling of the IW power depends on the slopes of a valley's nearest neighboring peaks. Our results should guide the modeling of IW generation by tidal flow over small‐scale ocean topography.
Direct aerosol effects during periods of solar dimming and brightening hidden in the regression residuals: Evidence from Potsdam measurements
Authors: Vetter Tobias , Wechsung Frank
Published: September 2015

A recent empirical study of Stanhill et al. (2014), which was based on the Angstrom‐Prescott relationship between global radiation and sunshine duration, was evaluated. The parameters of this relationship seemed to be rather stable across the dimming and brightening periods. Thus, the authors concluded that the variation in global radiation is more influenced by changes in cloud cover and sunshine duration than by the direct aerosol effects. In our study, done for the Potsdam station (one of six globally distributed stations, the source of one of the longest observational records and closely located to former hot spots of aerosol emission), we tested and rejected the hypothesis that the dimming of global radiation directly caused by aerosols is negligible. The residuals of the Angstrom‐Prescott regression reveal a statistically significant positive temporal trend and a temporal level segmentation. The latter was consistent with the temporal emission patterns around Potsdam. The trend in the residuals only disappeared when the model intercept varied according to the temporal level segmentation. The magnitude of the direct aerosol effect on the level changes in global radiation derived from the modified Angstrom‐Prescott relationship was in the range indicated in previous studies. Thus, from here, a specific request cannot be made for a revision of current climate models state‐of‐the‐art representation of both the cooling effect directly caused by aerosols and the temperature sensitivity to the increase of greenhouse gases.
Successfully treated life‐threatening upper gastrointestinal bleeding from fistula between gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm and duodenum
Authors: Kohama Keisuke , Ito Yusuke , Kai Tatsuro , Kotani Joji , Nakao Atsunori
Published: September 2015

Case

An 85‐year‐old man was admitted to the hospital, underwent laparotomy, and was diagnosed with diffuse peritonitis due to perforation of gastric ulcer. Omental patch repair was carried out. After surgery, he suddenly vomited blood and manifested hypovolemic shock. An emergency upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was carried out immediately. However, the bleeding source was not visible. Dynamic‐enhanced abdominal computed tomography showed a pseudoaneurysm of the gastroduodenal artery‐communicating duodenal lumen with extravasation. Next, the patient underwent angiography for embolization. However, selective arterial embolization was not successful.

Outcome

Finally, duodenotomy was carried out. The fistula between the pseudoaneurysm and duodenal lumen was directly ligated. An aneurysm could be clearly identified by previous findings.

Conclusions

Gastroduodenal artery aneurysms are very uncommon but possibly lethal if they rupture. This life‐threatening condition requires rapid diagnosis and treatment. Minimally invasive treatment is the preferred therapy for gastroduodenal artery aneurysm; however, acute care surgery should be considered without hesitation when conditions are critical.
Selbstorganisation eines riesigen tetraedrischen 3d‐4f‐Einzelmolekülmagneten innerhalb eines Polyoxometallatsystems
Authors: Ibrahim Masooma , Mereacre Valeriu , Leblanc Nicolas , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Anson Christopher E. , Powell Annie K.
Published: September 2015

Ein tetraedrisches heterometallisches Polyoxometallat (POM) [Dy30Co8Ge12W108O408(OH)42(OH2)30]56−, das Einzelmolekülmagnet(SMM)‐Verhalten zeigt, wird beschrieben. Das Riesenmolekül enthält die größte Zahl an 4f‐Ionen aller bisher beschriebenen POM und ist das erste POM mit zwei verschiedenen 3d‐4f‐ und 4f‐Koordinationsclustern im selben POM‐Netzwerk.
Self‐Assembly of a Giant Tetrahedral 3 d–4 f Single‐Molecule Magnet within a Polyoxometalate System
Authors: Ibrahim Masooma , Mereacre Valeriu , Leblanc Nicolas , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Anson Christopher E. , Powell Annie K.
Published: September 2015

A giant tetrahedral heterometallic polyoxometalate (POM) [Dy30Co8Ge12W108O408(OH)42(OH2)30]56−, which shows single‐molecule magnet (SMM) behavior, is described. This hybrid contains the largest number of 4f ions of any polyoxometalate (POM) reported to date and is the first to incorporate two different 3d–4f and 4f coordination cluster assemblies within same POM framework.
Compassionate Witnessing in the Face of Erasure: A Commentary on “Crows on the Cradles: Palestinian Mothers at a Frontline Vortex; Reflections on the Psychology of Occupation” by Judy Roth and Salwa Duaibis
Authors: Ad‐Dab'bagh Yasser
Published: September 2015

In response to a very moving article by Roth and Duaibis, I present commentary on the process of compassionate witnessing. Compassion, both as a concept and as a derivative of parental devotion, is explained and its importance to psychoanalysis discussed. Reflections on the implications of this concept in social contexts as well as the risks to the witness and the sustainability of compassion are shared. I conclude that the notion proposed by Roth and Duaibis of concentric circles of compassionate witnessing by people with a healthy capacity for maternal functions is likely the solution to alleviate the erasure resulting from chronic brutal suffering. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A case study of Beijing bus crew scheduling: a variable neighborhood‐based approach
Authors: Ma Jihui , Ceder Avishai (Avi) , Yang Yang , Liu Tao , Guan Wei
Published: September 2015

Crew scheduling for bus drivers in large bus agencies is known to be a time‐consuming and cumbersome problem in transit operations planning. This paper investigates a new meta‐heuristics approach for solving real‐world bus‐driver scheduling problems. The drivers' work is represented as a series of successive pieces of work with time windows, and a variable neighborhood search (VNS) algorithm is employed to solve the problem of driver scheduling. Examination of the modeling procedure developed is performed by a case study of two depots of the Beijing Public Transport Group, one of the largest transit companies in the world. The results show that a VNS‐based algorithm can reduce total driver costs by up to 18.1%, implying that the VNS algorithm may be regarded as a good optimization technique to solve the bus‐driver scheduling problem. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of complanatoside A in rat plasma using LC‐MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Li Nan , Liu Yue , Cao Yuchen , Wei Zhouxia , Pang Li , Wang Jianmeng
Published: September 2015

Complanatoside A is a flavonol glycoside isolated from Astragalus complanatus, and currently it is used as a quality control index for A. complanatus in the 2010 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. For the first time, a simple and sensitive LC‐MS/MS method was developed for the determination of complanatoside A in rat plasma over the range of 2.3–575 ng/mL. Complanatoside A was extracted from plasma by a protein precipitation procedure, separated by LC and detected by MS/MS in positive electrospray ionization mode. The method was validated for selectivity, carryover, sensitivity, linearity, extraction recovery, matrix effect, accuracy, precision and stability studies. The lower limit of quantification was established at 2.3 ng/mL. Intra‐ and inter‐day precisions (LLOQ, low‐QC, med‐QC and high‐QC) were <7.9%, and accuracies were between 94.0 and 105.1%. Matrix effect was acceptable (97.9–103.0%) and extraction recovery was reproducible (88.5–94.4%). Complanatoside A was stable in the investigated conditions. The method was applied to the pharmacokinetics of complanatoside A in rats. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Nitrile‐Forming Enzyme 7‐Cyano‐7‐Deazaguanine Synthase from Geobacillus kaustophilus: A Reverse Nitrilase?
Authors: Winkler Margit , Dokulil Katharina , Weber Hansjörg , Pavkov‐Keller Tea , Wilding Birgit
Published: September 2015

7‐Cyano‐7‐deazaguanine synthase (E.C. 6.3.4.20) is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a nitrile from a carboxylic acid and ammonia at the expense of ATP. The protein from G. kaustophilus was heterologously expressed, and its biochemical characteristics were explored by using a newly developed HPLC‐MS based assay, 31P NMR, and a fluorescence‐based thermal‐shift assay. The protein showed the expected high thermostability, had a pH optimum at pH 9.5, and an apparent temperature optimum at 60 °C. We observed strict substrate specificity of QueC for the natural substrate 7‐carboxy‐7‐deazaguanine, and determined AMP and pyrophosphate as co‐products of preQ0.
Marijuana use by youth, schizophrenia genetic risk examined
Authors: Canady Valerie
Published: September 2015

Following three independent population‐based samples of adolescents, an international team of researchers has observed a link between marijuana use and brain development in male adolescents with a genetic risk for developing schizophrenia, according to a new study. For the study, researchers set out to evaluate whether the association between cannabis use and cortical maturation in adolescents is moderated by a polygenic risk score — the combined effect of selected risk alleles — for schizophrenia.
Mental health professionals adapt to the electronic health record
Authors: Fritz Gregory K.
Published: September 2015

When a physician a couple of years from retirement writes about the electronic health record (EHR), it's tempting to see it as similar to an aging priest talking about birth control: wrong generation, limited personal experience, and modest expertise at best. Rationalizing that a thoughtful priest's unique perspective may nonetheless be interesting, I plunge ahead with my reflections on this phenomenon of our times.
Biocatalytic Access to Chiral Polyesters by an Artificial Enzyme Cascade Synthesis
Authors: Schmidt Sandy , Büchsenschütz Hanna C. , Scherkus Christian , Liese Andreas , Gröger Harald , Bornscheuer Uwe T.
Published: September 2015

Chiral polyesters in general can be employed for versatile biomedical purposes, but in vitro enzyme catalyzed biocatalytic routes by a multiple‐step cascade to make these functional biodegradable chiral polyesters have been hardly investigated. Recently, we developed an artificial three‐step enzymatic cascade synthesis by combining an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), a Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenase (BVMO) and a lipase (CAL‐A). Here, we extended this cascade for the synthesis of chiral methyl‐substituted oligo‐ɛ‐caprolactone derivatives to achieve both, the generation of chirality in a monomer and the subsequent polymerization. Several substrates were examined and provided access to functionalized chiral compounds in high yields (up to >99 %) and optical purities (up to >99 % ee). By subsequent enzymatic enantioselective ring opening of the enantiopure monomers, oligomeric lactones were successfully synthesized.