bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Письмо Убаши-хана из монастыря Лабранг в свете данных тибетских источников о связях калмыков с духовными иерархами
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Mitruev Bembya L.
Published: September 2023

Introduction. Recent years have witnessed several publications of Oirat-language (Clear Script) letters by Kalmyk khans and nobility, including ones authored by Viceroy Ubashi. However, the former have included none of Khan Ubashi’s messages written after the Kalmyk Exodus of 1771. So, the paper examines one such Oirat-language letter housed at Labrang Monastery (Gansu, PRC). Goals. The work introduces the mentioned document into scientific circulation, seeks to identify its author, addressee and period of creation, analyze its contents from the perspective of Tibet-based sources on relations between Kalmyk elites and Tibetan hierarchs after the year 1771. Materials. The study investigates an eighteenth-century Clear Script letter stored in the Grand Hall of Labrang Monastery and analyzes some Tibetan-language sources, namely: official biographies of the Sixth Panchen Lama Palden Yeshe and the Eighth Dalai Lama Jamphel Gyatso. Results. Analysis has established authorship of the letter, the time interval when it could have been written, and hypothesizes as to the addressee. So, it is presumed that the letter was submitted by Khan Ubashi to Konchok Jigme Wangpo, the Second Jamyang Zhepa, in 1772. Additional insights into other sources may attest to that the key causes behind the Kalmyk Exodus headed by Khan Ubashi included the people’s concern about retaining traditional faith.
Полевые отчеты как источники информации об археологических памятниках Республики Калмыкия, исследованных в 1929–1991 гг.
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Kekeev Erdni A.
Published: September 2023

Introduction. A field report summarizing archaeological works — like findings proper — is a key source of information on conducted investigations. In the Soviet Union and present-day Russia, it has been common practice that findings be distributed among public museums or repositories affiliated to institutions in charge of those excavations, while field reports be obligatorily stored at scientific archives. Goals. The study attempts a comprehensive analysis of Kalmykia’s field reports (1929–1991) and shall thereto enumerate field reports and identify repositories they are stored at, assess their availability in scientific discourse and forecast further studies. Results. The work clarifies scientific archives of the Institute of History of Material Culture (RAS) and the Institute of Archaeology (RAS) contain a total of 76 such reports (1929–1991), while Kalmyk Scientific Center (RAS) houses 42 reports compiled in 1975–1991. The latter period witnessed deliveries of 59 reports to the Institute of Archaeology (RAS), i.e. KalmSC never received 17 reports at all. In terms of availability in scientific discourse, the field reports can be divided into two clusters: those of 1929–1976 were published almost completely, and those of 1977–1991 have been published in fragments only. However, a number of experts, such as P. Rykov, I. Sinitsyn, U. Erdniev, P. Koltsov, E. Shnaidshteyn, M. Ochir-Goryaeva, have published virtually all field survey-related documents of theirs from the period between 1929 and 1991. Conclusions. The conducted analysis shows that appropriate use of field reports for scholarly purposes requires that efforts aimed at investigating the latter be duly integrated: further research and publication endeavors can be planned only after one gathers complete data together. To facilitate this, it is urgent to gain copies of reports missing at KalmSC, and this shall be possible only after all the reports be made completely available. This shall prevent cases characterized by that — when it comes to compile a selection within one cultural-chronological group or some category of grave goods — individual parts of material simply make a ‘white spot’ resulting from unavailability of particular reports.
EFFECTIVENESS OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING TECHNIQUES IN TEACHING COMMUNICATION SKILLS: ESP LEARNERS’ PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Shinde Sunanda M , Shinde Mahesh B
Published: September 2023

The present study aims to record the effectiveness of cooperative learning techniques in teaching English communication skills to engineering students. When communicating in English during various activities in and out of the class, engineering students are observed having various inhibitions which affect their performance. Cooperative learning is an instructional technique developed to increase academic achievement of students through social and interpersonal skills development. It is widely recognized as a pedagogical practice that promotes socialization and learning among students.  One hundred first year Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.) students from a private University in Maharashtra are the subjects of the present research. Two cooperative techniques viz. Role Play and Jigsaw were used to teach two units Communication Process and Report Writing. Students’ performances were video recorded. The findings showed a remarkable development in the students’ understanding and implementation of various terms in communication process. Moreover, selected students learnt how to write and present technical reports effectively. After the experiment, a questionnaire was developed and administered to the subjects to know their views on effectiveness of cooperative learning techniques. Present paper analyses and discusses the students’ views on use of cooperative learning techniques.
Exophytic lesion in the anterior maxilla
Authors: McConville Ryan , Willis Amanda
Published: September 2023

65-year-old man was referred to the Oral Medicine Department by his
General Dental Practitioner for investigation of a swelling in the
anterior maxilla, which had been present for 6 weeks and associated with
mobility in the upper central incisors
Pilot-scale production of Bacillus subtilis MSCL 897 spore biomass and antifungal secondary metabolites in a low-cost medium
Authors: Bolmanis Emils , Grigs Oskars , Didrihsone Elina , Senkovs Maris , Nikolajeva Vizma
Published: September 2023

Bacillus subtilis is a plant growth promoting bacterium that acts
as a microbial fertilizer and biocontrol agent, providing benefits such
as boosting crop productivity and improving nutrient content. It is able
to produce secondary metabolites and endospores simultaneously,
enhancing its ability to survive in unfavorable conditions and eliminate
competing microorganisms. Optimizing cultivation methods for the
production of B. subtilis MSCL 897 spores on an industrial scale
requires a suitable medium, typically made from food industry
by-products, and maintaining optimal temperature and pH levels to
achieve high vegetative cell and spore densities with maximum
productivity and yield. In this study, we demonstrate successful
pilot-scale (100 L bioreactor) production of a biocontrol agent B.
subtilis with good spore yields (1.5 x 10
spores/mL) and a high degree of sporulation (>80%) using a
low-cost cultivation media, which showed excellent antifungal activity
(1.6-2.3 cm) against several phytopathogenic fungi. An improved
methodology for inoculum preparation was investigated to ensure an
optimal seed culture state prior to inoculation, promoting process
batch-to-batch repeatability. Increasing the molasses concentration in
the medium and operating the process in fed-batch mode with additional
molasses feed, did not improve the overall spore yield, hence, process
operation in batch mode with 10 g/L molasses is preferred. Results also
showed that the product quality was not significantly impacted for up to
12 months of storage at room temperature.
Design and validation of a Character Friendship Scale for young adults
Authors:   Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Romero-Iribas Ana , Camilli-Trujillo Celia ,   Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Published: September 2023

Friendship is an important bond in the personal and social growth of an individual and plays a prominent role during youth. Most scales to measure it are aimed at children and adolescents but none measure character friendship, a type of selfless friendship with ethical traits an d Aristotelian roots. Therefore, the aim of the research is to design and validate the youth Character Friendship Scale (CFS) in a sample of 1587 young Spanish people. The final version of the CFS is composed of 35 items distributed over three dimensions: "Selfless love and intimacy" (21), "Trust" (7) and "Respect and forgiveness" (7) with ordinal reliability coefficients of 0.94, 0.79 and 0.7 respectively and good model fits (CFI = 0.986; TLI = 0.986; RMSEA = 0.043; SRMR = 0.054; GFI = 0.997). It is concluded that the CFS is a scale with good psychometric properties for measuring character friendship in young adults. The results obtained from its application will lead to a better understanding of the importance of character friendship for the socioemotional development or happiness of young adults and will enable the development of intervention programmes that enhance aspects of friendship such as trust, respect, forgiveness or mutual knowledge, which can facilitate collaborative relationships and contribute to social cohesion.
An instrument to evaluate the impact of the higher education accreditation system: Validation through exploratory factor analysis
Authors:   Universidad Complutense de Madrid, García-Domingo Begoña , Rodríguez-Mantilla Jesús-M. ,   Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Martínez-Zarzuelo Angélica ,   Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Published: September 2023

Introduction: interest in evaluating the improvements resulting from external evaluation processes in higher education has revealed that there is a lack of objective instruments available for this purpose. Consequently, this study presents the design and validation of an instrument for evaluating the improvement effect of the accreditation system of Spanish university degrees. Methodology: a 108-item questionnaire was prepared and was applied to a sample of 1964 subjects from different university groups (students, teachers, management, etc.). Its reliability and construct validity were analysed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Results: analysis of the instrument’s technical characteristics showed high reliability, both overall and at the dimensional level, with Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s ω being greater than .95. The EFA identified eight factors that contained the 105 items finally included, explaining 77.37% of the variance in Discussion and conclusions: these results all indicate that the instrument designed is reliable and valid, with a solid multidimensional structure that makes it possible to evaluate the impact of the accreditation system on various aspects of Spanish university degrees.
Adaptaciones comerciales en medio del Covid 19. Revisión de los modelos de negocios
Authors:   Investigador Independiente, Nina Inca Janneth Alexandra
Published: September 2023

El contexto vivido en el mundo empresarial a raíz de la pandemia global COVID-19 tiene pocos referentes, esta pandemia representó un gran reto para todos los estrategas gerenciales al tener que tomar un sinfín de complejas decisiones en un ambiente de altísima incertidumbre: ¿Cuáles serán las fuentes de ingreso alternativas durante la cuarentena?, ¿Se debe solicitar un crédito bancario para sobrevivir?, ¿Es conveniente reducir la fuerza laboral?, ¿Cerrar definitivamente el negocio es la mejor opción a elegir?, por mencionar algunos cuantos ejemplos. La metodología utilizada para el presente trabajo de investigación, se enmarca dentro de una revisión bibliográfica de tipo documental. La técnica para la recolección de datos está constituida por materiales electrónicos, estos últimos como Google Académico, entre otros, apoyándose para ello en el uso de descriptores certificados y avalados por el tesauro de la UNESCO. La información aquí obtenida será revisada, resumida y analizada para su exposición organizada en los resultados. Como consecuencia del Covid 19, que ocasiono los confinamientos de los habitantes en casi la totalidad del planeta, trayendo como consecuencia el cierre de empresas, despidos, teletrabajos, aquellas que lograron reinventarse y sobrevivir (y que no fueran del sector salud o alimentos), lo hicieron gracias a su capacidad de innovación y adaptación a esta nueva realidad, utilizando para ello, las tecnologías de la comunicación e información como redes sociales y empleando estrategias de marketing, para captar nuevos consumidores y mantener los ya existentes, son muchas las adaptaciones que han tenido que hacer las empresas, como por ejemplo la venta on line con servicio de delivery, promociones, ofrecer productos que no están en su catálogo como guantes, tapabocas, gel antibacaterial, entre otros.
ISOLATION OF A NOVEL ANTIMICROBIAL POLYPEPTIDE FROM AN Aspergillus niger ISOLATE
Authors: ÜSTÜN Ayşe , YAZICI Ayşenur , ÖRTUCU Serkan
Published: September 2023

In this study the extracellular proteins from the isolate LC3 belonging to Aspergillus were purified for new antimicrobial polypeptide (AMP) discovery and then tested for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Antimicrobial activity was determined by the trypsin/proteinase K assay, which was polypeptide-based, and it was observed that this protein was a protein of about 11 kDa by gel overlay assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration of purified AMP molecule against S. aureus ATCC 25923 and MRSA was 8 µg/ml and 32 µg/ml, respectively and the AMP molecule was confirmed. ITS sequence analysis showed that isolate LC3 was identified as Aspergillus niger, using the Bioedit sequence assembly program. The sequence was deposited with the GenBank database with accession number MK332597. The results indicate that the purified AMP molecule has the potential to be used in infections caused by S. aureus.
THE METHOD OF INTERPRETATION ON QS. AL-FATIHAH IN TARJUMAN AL-MUSTAFID BY ABDUL RAUF AS-SINGKILI
Authors: Parwanto Wendi , Akbar Taufik , Fahm AbdulGafar Olawale
Published: September 2023

This study is motivated by the lack of studies on the methodological configuration of al-Fatihah's interpretation in Tarjuman al-Mustafid. Therefore, researchers are interested in conducting this study further. This type of research is library research using the primary data source of the interpretation of Tarjuman al-Mustafid by Abd Ar-Rauf As-Singkili which is focused on the interpretation of al-Fatihah. The method used is a descriptive-analytical method. The conclusion of this article explains that: First, the Systematic Interpretation of As-Singkili is explaining the Makkiyah or Madaniyah letter, explaining the benefits of the letter and its asbab an-nuzul, writing the text of the verse without translation, and then doing the interpretation. Second, the source of interpretation uses munasabah, hadith, and scholars' arguments (quotations from other interpretations). Third, the principles of interpretation are 1) the Principles of Letter Description; 2) The Qiraat Accentuation Principle; 3) the Principles of Global-Parochial Interpretation; and 4) the Principles of Textual Interpretation. Fourth, the Caustive-Axiological interpretation carried out by As-Singkili in interpreting al-Fatihah emphasizes the socio-cultural aspect and minimizes differences of opinion in reading (qiraat) on the verse malikiyaumiddin.
fundamento epistemológico das obrigações erga omnes no direito internacional público
Authors: Piemonte Ditão Ygor Pierry
Published: September 2023

O presente trabalho apresenta o fundamento epistemológico para a existência das obrigações erga omnes no Direito Internacional, socorrendo-se, para tanto, da teoria fundacionalista da epistemologia mediante o reducionismo até o individualismo metodológico, averiguando, primeiro, a natureza humana, em seguida, a natureza do Direito passando para o Direito Interno para, enfim, demonstrar que as obrigações erga omnes são sine qua non para a existência do Direito Internacional, sem o qual se converterá em simplória ciência política (relações internacionais), mediante a revisitação bibliográfica e o método indutivo.
Implications of Forest Policy Changes on Investment Program Strengthening Forest Management Unit in Central Sulawesi
Authors: Massiri Sudirman Daeng
Published: September 2023

The forest investment program, supported by foreign funding, aims to promote the strengthening of Forest Management Units (FMUs) in implementing decentralized forest management in Indonesia. Ten FMUs have received funding from the forest investment program since 2017, one of which is FMU Dampelas Tinombo of Central Sulawesi. This program exited in 2022. During its implementation project, Indonesia’s forestry policy is changing, as are the primary tasks and functions of FMUs. This study examined the implication of forest policy changes on the sustainability of the FMU strengthening investment program in FMU Dampelas Tinombo of Central Sulawesi Province. This study was conducted from July to September 2022. Data was collected through interviews and focused group discussions with FMU managers and stakeholders. This study showed that the forest investment program to strengthen the FMU in Central Sulawesi had been effectively implemented but had not significantly affected decentralized forest management practices. Changes in forestry policy brought about by the amendment of the Job Creation Law and its subsidiary regulations have significantly affected the program’s performance and sustainability. The business development program promoting FMU independence must be discontinued because it contradicted the FMUS’ constitutionally mandated primary responsibilities and duties. FMU should optimize the governance function in achieving community-based forest management, which includes forest planning, facilitation, and technical guidance.
Keywords: Forest management unit, forest policy change, governance, performance, sustainability
Association of HLA-B27 Gene and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Analysis of Potential Role as a Predictive Biomarker
Authors: Khidhir Karzan Ghafur , Ahmad Baban , Sabir Dana Khdr
Published: September 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a predominant inflammatory arthritis in human. The function of HLA-B27 gene in other types of arthritis has been studied, however, its function in RA is unclear. This study investigated the relative expression of HLA-B27 gene in RA patients compared to normal control and assesses its suitability as a biomarker for early detection of RA. Bioinformatics analysis was used to determine the profile of HLA-B27 gene in different human tumors to demonstrate the possible involvement of HLA-B27 in both RA and cancer; and also, to discover its functional association with other human genes. Samples of human blood from RA patients and healthy individuals were collected, and RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis and qPCR were carried out to detect relative expression of HLA-B27. ROC analysis was undertaken to investigate HLA-B27 diagnostic performance; GENT2 platform was used to compare HLA-B27 expression levels in different human tumors, and gene-gene interaction network was generated using GeneMANIA to identify correlation of HLA-B27 with other human genes. The qPCR analysis demonstrated an increase in the HLA-B27 expression by 1.65 fold in RA compared to normal control. ROC analysis indicated that HLA-B27 expression could efficiently differentiate RA from normal, supporting its potential use as diagnostic molecular biomarkers. The GENT2 revealed that HLA-B27 expression levels vary across different tumor types, most notably in heart tissue. The gene-gene interaction network revealed that KIR3DL1, KIR3DS1, LILRB1, B2M and LILRA1 were the leading genes showing the highest correlations with the HLA-B27. Our results indicate that HLA-B27 gene is involved in the RA pathogenesis and it can be used as a molecular biomarker for the diagnosis of RA. Our findings could lead to the discovery of novel diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Virtual Reality's Effect on Educational E-learning Platforms
Authors: Al Mahrizi Reem Sulaiman Salim Muslem , Al Ismaili Azhar Hilal Zahir Mohammed , Rafi Mohamed Ruknudeen
Published: September 2023

Students now rely more on online learning than on-campus instruction. As a result, we intend to create a project that will assist students in understanding topics through the use of augmented reality (AR). The only aspect of e-learning being studied at the moment is knowledge transmission online. We want to upgrade e-learning with AR due to time restraints and other technological issues. In order to virtualize the notion for students studying three-dimensional geometry, our objective is to create an e-learning framework for three-dimensional geometry. Students may quickly understand the idea visually with the aid of modern mobile phones by placing their phones on the actual QR code readers. Using AR, it will provide a clear and visual explanation of the idea. For instance, if the student holds up his phone in front of the switch or router, it will clearly explain the components. Then, it may be used in any subject or industry. We want to employ Vuforia and UNITY 3-D software to accomplish our aim. The software development kit (SDK) for augmented reality (AR) on mobile devices called Vuforia facilitates the development of AR apps. It recognizes and tracks planar pictures and 3D objects in real time using computer vision technologies. Games and other visuals in both 2D and 3D may be made with Unity.
Role of Competitive Advantage Mediates the Influence of Customer Relationship Marketing on Marketing Performance (Case Study at Rural Bank in Bali, Indonesia)
Authors: Astawa I Made , Dewi Luh Komang Candra , Marbun Sourtua
Published: September 2023

This study aims to analyze the influence of customer relationship marketing on marketing performance with competitive advantage as a mediator. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The sample in this study was 53 employees at PT. BPR Bank Daerah Bangli (Perseroda). Data was obtained using a questionnaire. Data analysis in this study used the Partial Least Square (PLS). Results show CRM has a positive significant effect on marketing performance and also on competitive advantage. Competitive advantage has positive significant effects on marketing performance, and competitive advantage is proven as the mediator between CRM and marketing performance.
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia in Blood Stream Infections – An Overview
Authors: Scaria Bibin , Kumar Pavan Chand , Antony Beena , Kotian Sashidhar
Published: September 2023

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is an emerging, multidrug resistant, pathogenic non-fermenting gram-negative bacillus in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. As this organism is ubiquitous in nature, it is reported to cause hospital acquired as well as community acquired infections. It has been linked to a wide range of diseases, such as pneumonia, blood stream infections, urinary tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, meningitis, bone and joint infections and eye infections. The significance of S. maltophilia is well documented because of its distinct antibiotic susceptibility pattern from other Non Fermenting Gram Negative Bacilli (NFGNB). As no single medication is sufficiently effective against all NFGNBs, which in turn delays the start of suitable empirical treatment and raises morbidity and mortality, accurate identification, especially of S. maltophilia is crucial. Though various rapid identification methods are available, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of fight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), enables more accurate identification of these troublesome pathogens resulting in the initiation of appropriate treatment without delay. Reports on MALDI-TOF analysis of S. maltophilia is lacking from our country.
Structure of Tree Community on Agroforestry Parak in Peri-Urban Areas District of Lubuk Alung Padang Pariaman
Authors: Kardiman Reki , Leilani Irma
Published: September 2023

Agroforestry or tree crops in West Sumatra is called parak, it mostly related to rural and farmers but at some developing areas the parak is still existed with a high potential changes in structure and floristic composition due to commercial orientation. To explore the possible changes of tree community in such developing areas, 11 of 20x20 meter plots were established across parak areas in peri-urban site in Lubuk Alung district, Padang Pariaman Regency, West Sumatra Indonesia, aimed to specifically investigate tree density, stand basal area, spesies distribution and other ecological atributes of the species. We found 24 tree species from 306 trees within 0.44 ha or about 695 tree per ha. Durio zibethinus was the biggest trees, found as a top canopy but few in number and spreaded quite widely across the areas, followed by some other species such as Cocos spp., Areca catecu, Garcinia spp., while small trees, high density but only spreaded at some places was represented by Theobroma cacao. Many species and the structure were typically agroforest that vary in canopy level and economic functions except some species which may be additionally planted to suit the needs of peri-urban community.
The ‘sovereign decision’ in the discourse of medical ethics
Authors: Lukovich M , Meistorovich K , Knezhevich D
Published: September 2023

Recently, there has been tension is our society because of health-associated problems resulting from at least two factors. First, we are facing collision of neoliberal economics with the traditional ethics of our society. Simplistic understandings of social tendencies typical of our society and processes within the global community provoke a reaction in the form of various conspiracy theories supported by a dualistic ethical approach within our society. In one case, it is based on neoliberal trends and is increasingly manifested through the views of non-governmental organizations. In the other case, it is extremely conservative and tied to the traditional morality. The politics that tends to act within the bounds of the possible goes through both options, creating even more confusion. Another factor, which is no less important, includes blurred connotation and denotation of such notions as ‘freedom’, ‘sovereign’, ‘sovereign decision’, ‘human life sacredness’, resulting in various misinterpretations. The purpose of this article is to review the occurring dilemmas by disclosing the terms in the historical context. The possible conclusion is that the common global tendency of law harmonization under the influence of neoliberal economics is far from the dream about the Perpetual Peace as seen by Kant two hundred years ago. Regular standards that form the basis of the social ethics occupy less space in the legislation just like the ethics itself, even if used as a corrective measure, with economic logics taking up a larger place. There will be a ‘market price’ for everything (Kant). In the light of the above, we tried to review vaccination and euthanasia as two very specific and pressing issues.
Development of intermodal transport by organizing group purchasing of transports
Authors: Stwiarska Ewa
Published: September 2023

The purpose of the article is to recognize the contexts of intermodal transport development in Poland, with particular recognition of the factor of group purchases of this service. The aim of the research is to find out the opinions of the participants of the logistics-transportation processes on the opportunities and threats to the development of intermodal transport, and to seek opinions on the introduction of a new entity responsible for group purchasing to the market. The article is divided into four chapters. The first chapter discusses legal and financial factors supporting the development of intermodal transport in the European Union. Examples are given of countries that have made the most of this support and have good practices of their own for activating this multi-branch form of transportation. The second chapter, using secondary data, presents the dynamics of intermodal transport development in Poland. The third chapter presents the methodology of own research. Collecting and processing primary data, threats and opportunities for the development of the multi-branch form of transport in Poland were identified, and the results are presented in the four chapter. The results of own research clearly indicate the need to eliminate barriers to the development of multimodal transport in Poland (including by appointing bodies organizing transport purchases).
Human rights and freedoms under martial law: focus of priorities
Authors: Markovych Kh.M.
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to the theoretical and legal analysis of constitutional human rights and freedoms under martial law. The main attention is paid to the analysis of human rights, which may be limited during the war. The division of rights into absolute and relative rights is considered. It has been established that rights that cannot be limited under any conditions are absolute. The legal definition of the concept of martial law is analyzed. It was found that martial law is the main legal basis for restricting the constitutional rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen. It was noted that the grounds for introducing military service are threats to national security or the territorial integrity of the state. Mechanisms and guarantees aimed at protecting human rights under martial law are emphasized. It is noted that any restrictions on human rights must be justified, proportionate, and necessary to achieve the legitimate goals of security and protection of the state. It was noted that the establishment and provision of human rights and freedoms is the main duty of the state. Therefore, during the legal regime of martial law, the state cannot abandon its obligation to ensure human rights. Enshrining the list of rights that are not subject to restriction, even during martial law, is a constitutional guarantee of human and citizen rights. It has been proven that respect for human rights is a guarantee of state authority both at the national and international levels. The right to human life as the greatest value of the state is emphasized separately. It has been established that according to international customary law, the right to life is a fundamental human right. Attention is drawn to human dignity as an important and inalienable value. Protection of human dignity must be guaranteed both at the legislative level and at the level of public awareness. It was established that the protection of human rights under martial law is extremely difficult. Therefore, the development of mechanisms for the protection of human rights is particularly important for ensuring justice, the development of democracy and the restoration of peace in our country.
The effect of martial law on the use of electronic tools of democracy
Authors: Pankratova V.
Published: September 2023

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the influence of martial law on the use of electronic tools of democracy. It had noted that the introduction of martial law in Ukraine due to the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine creates certain restrictions for citizens, both in the context of public participation and access to general information. The normative legal acts adopted during martial law are analyzed, and their assessment had given from the point of view of their influence on the interaction of local self-government bodies with the public.The work emphasizes an important place occupied by tools of electronic democracy through which local self-government bodies can interact with residents. In particular, citizens’ petitions, which can be submitted electronically, are an essential tool of local democracy.It had determined that the constitutional guarantee of appeal is inviolable and cannot be limited even in a state of war or emergency. Using the example of the city of Sumy, the number of requests by residents submitted during martial law and their subject matter had analyzed.It emphasized that electronic petitions are a tool of public participation gaining popularity at the state and local levels. The author notes that electronic petitions are a tool that promotes the development of democracy, draws the attention of the authorities to essential issues, and is a means for evaluating the support of relevant ideas by representatives.It had determined that residents of territorial communities actively submit petitions even during martial law. The subject of local petitions during martial law was the question of de-Russification; patriotic direction; alcohol sales; at the same time, issues of improvement remain traditional; transport; education, and several others.The paper analyzes the peculiarities of electronic consultations as a public participation tool. It had noted that electronic consultations are a form of public consultations, which includes, in particular, the publication of draft acts of state authorities or issues that need to have resolved to receive suggestions and comments.It had determined that one of the promising public participation tools is the general budget, which allows each resident to initiate their projects.
Historical origins of the institution of guardianship of children deprived of parental care before the declaration of Ukraine’s independence
Authors: Zaborovskyy V.V. , Zaborovska S.V.
Published: September 2023

This article reveals the essence of the institution of guardianship as one of the main forms of placement of orphans and children deprived of parental care through the prism of the study of the stages of its formation and development, in order to determine their main regularities, which is important in the conditions of our state’s stay in a complex socio-economic situation, due primarily to the armed aggression of the Russian FederationThe conducted research made it possible to highlight the following stages of the formation and development of the institution of guardianship of children deprived of parental care, namely: the period of the Ancient World and the Middle Ages, the period when Ukrainian lands were under the rule of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, the period associated with the declaration of independence of the Ukrainian state.The position is argued, according to which the institution of adoption and guardianship in Ukrainian lands originated in the period of paganism, and with the emergence of Kyivan Rus, the provisions relating to guardianship and care are already beginning to be mentioned. It is emphasized that during the Polish-Lithuanian rule, along with many other institutions, the institution of guardianship and care also developed (norms on the protection of the rights of orphans were contained in the Statutes of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania);It is concluded that the period of stay of the Ukrainian lands under the power of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union was characterized by the legislative design of the system of guardianship and care institutions and their subsequent profiling. Social and economic problems, as a result of the First and Second World Wars, had a significant impact on the institution of guardianship during this period.To achieve the goal, the authors used methods characteristic of legal science. The research was conducted primarily using historical-legal, sociological, systemic-structural methods and the dialectical method of learning scientific reality.
Problem issues of law enforcement related to the donation of hemopoietic stem cells and other human anatomical materials
Authors: Tarasiuk I.O.
Published: September 2023

The article discusses the field of regenerative medicine and, in this connection, the legal aspects of human hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The study of the origin of hematopoietic stem cells was carried out. It has been determined who are the subjects of legal relations in the field of transplantation of human hematopoietic stem cells. Their medical and social significance has been established. The difference between medical and legal terminology is indicated. The normative regulation of the transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells in the Civil Code of Ukraine and the new Law of Ukraine «On the application of transplantation of anatomical materials to humans» and the position of domestic scientists regarding the definition of parts of the human body, including such cells as hematopoietic ones, are analyzed. It was studied who are the subjects of transplantation services, as well as existing gaps in the legal regulation of their activities. It has been studied that the possibility of identifying certain parts of the human body is influenced by the legal regime and purpose of use, taking into account moral, ethical and religious reasons. The issue of donation by persons under the age of 14 was analyzed. Circumstances have been clarified when children with certain cognitive impairments (reduced memory, perception, mental abilities, language impairment, i.e. impairment of the normal functioning of the brain) are proposed donors. A list of persons who are expressly prohibited from extracting anatomical materials from living persons is defined. An approach is proposed, according to which it would be advisable to create special commissions that operate on a permanent basis and allow to determine the degree of emergency of the situation as flexibly and quickly as possible, depending on the circumstances of the case, as well as the circle of persons who can potentially or actually be involved as a donor, and, accordingly, provide the necessary authorization in order to save the patient’s life. The issues of cross-donation, namely the gaps in the legal regulation of such a mechanism, were investigated. The question regarding the subjectivity of the Ukrainian Bone Marrow Registry has been clarified, in particular, that it is not a state structure, but a charitable organization, therefore the search for donors goes in parallel with the search for money.
Ensuring human security through the prism of international legal protection: general theoretical characteristics
Authors: Kiriyenko T.P.
Published: September 2023

The article analyzes the problems of ensuring human security through the prism of international legal protection. Approaches to understanding the concept of «human security» in domestic research and in international law are revealed. Emphasis is placed on the special role of the UN in the field of ensuring and protecting human rights. It is noted that the ideas of human security began to develop thanks to the activities of the United Nations, a special group of researchers. In 1994, the report of the UN Development Program was devoted exclusively to human security. The report proposed to develop the idea of expanding the interpretation of the concept of personal security, distinguishing in it two interrelated factors: protection from unexpected and harmful disruptions of everyday life (known as «freedom from fear») and protection from constant threats of hunger, disease, crime and oppression (known as «freedom from want»). Seven separate components of personal security were further distinguished: economic, food, health security, environmental security, personal security (freedom from physical violence and threats), minority security, political security (protection of basic human rights and freedoms). In addition, the article raised the issue of ensuring human security in the conditions of armed conflicts, in particular, the war in Ukraine. Advantages and disadvantages of UN activities in this area are considered. Problems are singled out, without the solution of which it is impossible to fully ensure human rights, especially in the field of their unlawful restriction. Therefore, options for solving these problems are proposed. It was emphasized that in the current conditions, cooperation, support and mediation of international organizations in the settlement of the military conflict is important for Ukraine. The priority in the order of resolution of armed conflicts in Ukraine should belong to the United Nations - the main intergovernmental international organization that supports peace and security throughout the world. Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, which took place on February 24, 2022, shook the security situation in Europe and around the world. This war has already been called the largest armed conflict in Europe since World War II.
Economic and legal prerequisites for the introduction of special economic regimes in the post-war period
Authors: Sieriebriak S.
Published: September 2023

The article examines the essence of the process and the economic and legal grounds for the restoration of the post-war economic system. The place of special management regimes in the mechanism of economic recovery is emphasized. The specifics of economic recovery in the post-war period are determined using the example of other countries of the world. A historical retrospective of the mechanism of economic and legal economic growth is presented. The cost of damages from military actions and needs for the economic system of the state is assessed in detail in the economic and legal context. Legislation in the field of introduction of special management regimes in the post-war period was analyzed and evaluated. In particular, it is emphasized that the legal means that exist today cannot fully ensure the specified goals.The author notes that the criteria for determining enterprises, institutions and organizations that are important for the branches of the national economy are not clearly defined enough. Therefore, their practical application is doubtful. The article defines the main steps to create an effective economic and legal mechanism for the recovery of the economy of Ukraine in the post-war period.A number of directions aimed at improving state policy in the field of legal regulation of special modes of economic activity are proposed, taking into account the available European experience, the current situation in Ukraine, as well as the specifics of economic activity in conditions of full-scale war. The author of the article outlines the main directions of reforming legislation in the specified area. In particular, attention is focused on the need to introduce restrictions on trade (or any other types of economic activity) with counterparties from the aggressor country.
Legislative amendments in the field of land use for the needs of subsoil use
Authors: Danilik D.M.
Published: September 2023

Ensuring the needs of the economy in mineral resources and their effective use is one of the main issues of modern development of Ukraine. The problem of expanding the mineral and raw material base of Ukraine as a material basis for the growth of the national economy is the lack of a balanced systemic approach, the optimal option of which is the balanced use of state and private business resources and the introduction of an innovative and investment mechanism of subsoil use. In addition, the organizational and legal mechanism related to the emergence and realization of rights to the corresponding land plots used for the needs of subsoil use remains imperfect.The importance of the study is confirmed by the fact that the imperfect legal regulation of the use of land for the needs of subsoil use prevents the increase in the search, exploration and development of oil and gas deposits, which play a decisive role in the composition of minerals and ensure the satisfaction of public interests, primarily the needs of the economy.The article examines and analyzes the latest changes to the legal acts regulating the use of land plots for the needs of subsoil use. The legal problems of the emergence and implementation of the right to use land plots for the needs of subsoil use are considered, as well as the characteristics of the use of these land plots are characterized. It has been established that the main legal form of land use for subsoil use is easement use. Considered the possibility of registration of land rights for the needs of subsoil use with such a property right as a lease.The necessity of legislative consolidation of the preliminary agreement of the land issue between the potential subsoil user and the owner of the corresponding land plot is substantiated. The peculiarity of subsoil use is that, under any conditions, the will of the holders of land rights (owner or land user) is required within the boundaries of land plots (or their parts), which will be necessary for the needs of subsoil use.
Legal issues of information interaction between the State Land Cadastre and the National Spatial Data Infrastructure
Authors: Kondratenko D.Y. , Stanislavskiy V.P.
Published: September 2023

In Ukraine, the stages of land reform are actively being carried out in conjunction with the decentralization of power, within which local authorities have been granted powers and territories for management within newly formed territorial communities. They have been given the opportunity to fully dispose of their own resources and determine their future fate, ensuring control and effective management of community land resources.Under these circumstances, urgent issues arose regarding the lack and fragmentation of information about the state of these land territories, the efficiency of the registration system with a clearly defined legislative procedure, and an accessible mechanism for obtaining and using information for interested parties. Additionally, there is a need for information interaction between the State Land Cadastre and the National Spatial Data Infrastructure, as it is crucial for both the spatial development of territorial communities and the functioning of the State Geocadastre. Taking into account the adopted Concept of local self-governance and territorial power reforming in Ukraine, borrowing experience from European Union countries in the use of land and property resources, and spatial development is particularly important for Ukraine as a whole and especially for the organization of the functioning of territorial communities. These changes are extremely relevant in the context of Ukraine’s prospects for European integration. The changes in the exercise of powers related to spatial development and land relations, their fragmentation, and lack of coordination have significantly influenced the need to establish the National Spatial Data Infrastructure and amend the interaction and update the functioning of the State Geocadastre to reorient the back-office format, which will provide administration of the land cadastre and related databases.