bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lawyers’ Tricks, or What Did the Dostoevskys Get from the Sale of the Tula Estate
Authors: Yukhnovich Yulia
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the history of the sale of the real estate property belonging to A. F. Kumanina, the Moscow aunt of F. M. Dostoevsky, in the Tula province. The division of the property received by her heirs after her death was to be carried out after their entry into the ownership of the estates: first Tula, then Smolensk and Ryazan, which were pledged. Lawyers played a criminal role in this process. They developed an illegal scheme during the division and sale of the house and land plot in Tula, which predetermined the fate of the Kumanin inheritance, most of which was spent on paying debts, arrears and attorney fees. In connection with the inheritance case, F. M. Dostoevsky sought legal assistance from V. P. Gaevsky, V. I. Veselovsky, B. B. Polyakov, V. I. Gubin, E. V. Korsh, A. V. Lokhvitsky, V. I. Lustikh. The facts testifying to the unseemly role of the attorneys, which ultimately led to the unexpected outcome of the “Kumanin story”, are presented in the memoirs and correspondence of the writer’s brother Andrey Mikhailovich. They are also indicated in the correspondence of the other heirs of A. F. Kumanina, including F. M. Dostoevsky and his closest relatives, who tried to regain the right to own hereditary estates, as well as the materials of the genealogic inventory of N. S. Lazarev-Stanishchev, who became one of the participants in the “Kumanin inheritance” scam. The Appendix contains a previously unpublished letter from D. A. Smirnov, assistant to attorney V. I. Veselovsky in the “case of the Kumanin inheritance”, to A. M. Dostoevsky dated February 10, 1874 about the sale of the Kumanin house in Tula.
“The Former Prince” Vsevolod Dolgorukov as a Prototype and Reader of Dostoevsky’s Novel The Raw Youth
Authors: Borisova Valentina
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the biographical, real and historical-literary aspects of the novel The Raw Youth that are related to the life and work of Fyodor Dostoevsky and Vsevolod Dolgorukov. The latter was a “former prince,” who possessed literary talents and was a member of the “Jacks of hearts” gang, which was involved in the “case of the Kumanin inheritance.” He first became the prototype of the characters of the novel The Raw Youth, and then an epigone of its author. After sinking very low in his youth, he experienced a new life surge in Siberian exile, due to sincere repentance and moral purification. Correction and “restoration” of Vsevolod Dolgorukov is confirmed by his subsequent charitable and creative activities. Like Dostoevsky, he was the “Russian youth” type from a “random family,” which, along with the heroes of Dostoevsky’s novel Arkady Dolgoruky and Sergei Sokolsky, included the young Count Nagorov, the main character of the saga novel Literary Bohemia (1890) by Vs. Dolgorukov. The memoir notes of the “former prince,” who was twice stripped of his title, largely echo the notes of The Raw Youth in narrative and ideology due to the influence of Dostoevsky’s novel on Vs. Dolgorukov. It is also evidenced by his convict-themed short story Mishka the Flea, which is typologically similar to Notes from the Dead House and the Easter short story The Peasant Marey. Based on the above, the author concludes that Dostoevsky’s hope for an encounter of “Russian youths” with the Orthodox idea was embodied in the life and work of Vsevolod Dolgorukov.
Brawler and Snitch: Lev Petrovich Kryzhanovsky, Resident of the Omsk Military Hospital (Using Archival Sources)
Authors: Kalinin Mikhail
Published: April 2021

This publication continues the author's research related to the Siberian exile period of the biography of F. M. Dostoevsky. Based on archival and memoir sources, the article reveals the identity of another medical doctor of the Omsk Military Hospital — resident Lev Petrovich Kryzhanovsky. It corrects the misconceptions and the erroneous conclusions about him and about the Siberian circle of the writer. The memoirs of Jozef Boguslavsky identify the namesake of the resident, an exiled Pole Karol Kryzhanovsky and his wife Natalia Stepanovna Kryzhanovskaya. She turned out to be Dostoevsky's Omsk acquaintance, who became the prototype for the poor widow Nastasya Ivanovna in The House of the Dead. These archival documents introduced into scientific discourse elucidate a profile of L. P. Kryzhanovsky. This allows us to compare it with the profile of the resident Ya. Ya. Lovchinsky provided in the author's previous publication and to draw conclusions about the identity of the prototype of the medical doctor in the book. In addition, the materials clarify certain details of the investigation into Kryzhanovsky's denunciation of the chief physician Troitsky for “great commutation and indulgence for the political prisoners,” identified in Martyanov's notes. They also describe the poor conditions in the Omsk Military Hospital, which were portrayed in The House of the Dead. All of the above provides an opportunity to fill in the gaps in the circumstances of the penal servitude of the Petrashevsky Circle members F. M. Dostoevsky and S. F. Durov.
Demodex Folliculitis and Recent Dupilumab Administration
Authors: Krakowski Andrew C. , Senft Stephen C. , Heymann Warren R.
Published: April 2021

Two adolescent boys presented with acute acneiform eruptions in the setting of recent dupilumab administration. Subsequent investigation via direct scraping of pustules revealed live Demodex mite colonization of the face. These adolescent patients represent a population not commonly associated with Demodex folliculitis, and we theorize their baseline commensal Demodex mite population may have increased as a consequence of dupilumab-induced, focused immunomodulation. We recommend that pediatricians consider Demodex potentially etiologic in patients presenting with new onset acneiform or rosacea-like dermatoses in patients treated with dupilumab.
“Bastions of the Cross”: Medieval Rock-Cut Cruciform Churches of Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Muehlbauer Mikael
Published: April 2021

Dissertation Abstract
New Evidence of King MḤDYS?
Authors: Agosti Gianfranco , Bausi Alessandro
Published: April 2021

The role assigned by the late antique poet Nonnus of Panopolis (mid-fifth century CE) to Modaios, king of the ‘Indians’, in a few passages of his huge poem Dionysiaca, suggests that the choice of the character may be attributable to a connection between the Greek name of the king (Μωδαῖος) and the somewhat enigmatic MḤDYS, a mid-fifth-century king of Aksum, known only from numismatic evidence. The hypothesis opens the way to further reflection on the role allusions to contemporary events play in Nonnus’s poem as an evidence of a precise awareness about Aksum in Late Antique Egypt.
Linguistic analysis of suspected child sexual offenders’ interactions in a dark web image exchange chatroom
Authors: Chiang Emily , Nguyen Dong , Towler Amanda , Haas Mark , Grieve Jack
Published: April 2021

Child sexual offenders convene in dark web spaces to exchange indecent imagery, advice and support. In response, law enforcement agencies deploy undercover agents to pose as offenders online to gather intelligence on these offending communities. Currently, however, little is known about how offenders interact online, which raises significant questions around how undercover officers should ‘authentically’ portray the persona of a child sexual offender. This article presents the first linguistic description of authentic offender–offender interactions taking place on a dark web image exchange chatroom. Using move analysis, we analyse chatroom users’ rhetorical strategies. We then model the move sequences of different users and user types using Markov chains, to make comparisons between their linguistic behaviours. We find the predominant moves characterising this chatroom are Offering Indecent Images, Greetings, Image Appreciation, General Rapport and Image Discussion, and that rhetorical strategies differ between users of different levels of offending and dark web image-sharing experience.
Resumen en extenso: Bienestar, comportamiento y estilos de afrontamiento al estrés en peces de cultivos acuícolas: estado del arte
Authors: Coloquio de Nutrigenómica y Biotecnología Acuícola CONYBA
Published: April 2021

Memorias del 3er Coloquio de Nutrigenómica y Biotecnología Acuícola 2020
Welsh Chwant ‘Desire’ and Trisantona ‘River Trent’ in Tacitus
Authors:   University of Navarra, Breeze Andrew
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the ancient name of the longest river solely in England, the Trent, flowing past Stoke-on-Trent and Nottingham to the North Sea. In a passage that has raised debate and led to a number of misinterpretations in literature, Tacitus recorded it as (emended) Trisantona, which has been explained from Old Irish sét ‘course’ and Welsh hynt ‘path’ as ‘trespasser, one that overflows’ (of a stream liable to flood). Trisantona or the like would be the name of other rivers, including the Tarrant in Dorset and Tarannon or Trannon in mid-Wales. Yet the interpretation ‘trespasser’ has grave phonetic and semantic defects. They are removed by a new etymology on the basis of Old Irish sét ‘treasure’ (Modern Irish seoid) and Welsh chwant ‘desire’ from hypothetical Common Celtic *suanto-. The paper provides textual, historical and linguistic arguments supporting this etymological interpretation. Trisantona or (preferably) reconstructed *Trisuantona (from *Tresuantona) would thus (instead of ‘trespasser, flooder’) mean ‘she of great desire, she who is much loved.’ The implication is that the Trent (like the English rivers Dee ‘goddess’ or Brent ‘she who is exalted’) was regarded as a Celtic female deity, a passionate and perhaps dangerous entity.
Cross-Linguistic Comparison of Screen Translations of Names in Hayao Miyazaki’s Animated Films
Authors:   National Taiwan Normal University, Chen Lindsey N.
Published: April 2021

This article discusses the screen translation, into English and Chinese, of some of the names in Hayao Miyazaki’s animated films. In particular, in drawing onomastic examples from Miyazaki’s six animated fantasies, this study provides insights into the naming practices and strategies adopted by the screen translators into languages of distinct linguistic families. The analysis of names sorted into four categories yields the following results: (a) each screen translator used diff erent approaches to the translation of names, and (b) shared similarities with the source language and culture play a crucial role in the translation task. In brief, the first category concerns the films’ protagonists, for which the strategy of diminution is observed in Chinese but not in English translation. The second concerns the names of supporting human characters. Here, screen translators adopt several strategies, including direct phonetic transfer and incorporation of courtesy titles. The third comprises names of anthropomorphic and non-human creatures, and translated samples are shown more likely to be denotative and descriptive. Finally, there is no loss in translation with respect to the symbolic implication of location names. In general, screen translators utilized various linguistic strategies to produce onomastic substitutes that are acceptable to the local audience. Concurrently, they strived not to deviate too much from the original character names, in form and meaning.
Toponymy of Russian Mining Settlements of the Komi Republic in the 21st Century Records
Authors:   Institute of Language, Literature and History Federal Research Center of Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Krasheninnikova Yulia A. , Nizovtseva Svetlana G. ,   Institute of Language, Literature and History Federal Research Center of Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the RAS
Published: April 2021

The paper deals with the toponymic material recorded in 2008–2019 from the Russian population of the mining settlements of Nyvchim, Kazhym, and Nychpas. All these small towns emerged due to iron mining development in the Komi Republic of the mid-18th century and the workforce migration from the central and northern parts of Russia related thereto. Analyzing the data from local toponymic systems, the authors discover motivations behind the local microtoponymy and the peculiarities of present-day place names in the region. Beyond that, the study deals with the names of intra-rural parts and periphery areas assimilated for economic, fishing, and other types of activities. Several groups of unofficial microtoponyms were highlighted: 1) titled by name/surname of the owner or user 2) referring to landscape and location features 3) situational microtoponyms. On the one hand, the analysis testifies to the adoption of Finno-Ugric names (hydronomy, above all) on the territory of the Russian mining settlements in the Komi Republic. On the other hand, in the times of territory reclamation, there is an increase of Russian-based naming establishing territorial law, regulating agrarian, hunting, and fishing activities, helping residents to navigate. Some Russian names attest to the deep cultural memory of the settlers, the continuity of naming traditions which refer to the territories of exodus and maternal culture. Characteristically, the toponymic system of Russian mining settlements in the Komi Republic shows a far smaller proportion of names related to religion, cults, and mythology compared to the rest of the Russian North.
Proper Names as Evidence in the History of the Slavs in Eastern Germany. Review of the book: Wenzel W. Die slawische Besiedlung des Landes zwischen Elbe und Saale. Namenkundliche Studien / Hrsg. von A. Brendler & S. Brendler. Hamburg : Baar, 2019. 333 S.
Authors:   University of Leipzig, Hengst Karlheinz
Published: April 2021

This book is an important contribution to the study of the early history of the Slavs in southern East Germany. As a professor at the University of Leipzig, the author spent more than 60 years at the core of the Leipzig Onomastic School which is internationally recognised for the works of its founders, Ernst Eichler and Hans Walter. As a language historian and Slavist, Walter Wenzel has authored numerous works on Slavic personal and place names in the area of distribution of Sorbian in the Middle Ages. For several years he has been the senior and the most influential figure in Slavic onomastic research in Leipzig. His endeavour is always directed towards an in-depth and exact evaluation of the sources of genuinely Slavic language forms, the historical works, and documents written in Latin from the 7th to the 14th century. The findings on Slavic-German language contact accumulated over many years of research allow to revisit and refine the results of the earlier publications of the Leipzig school, as well as to introduce new etymologies. With the new book, a further supplement to previously existing reference works is now available. A register of names also reveals the author’s new linguistic historical findings and their significance in understanding immigration and settlement history of the Slavs between the rivers Elbe and Saale in Central Germany.
A Dictionary of Gaulish Nominal Stems. Review of the book: Delamarre X. Dictionnaire des thèmes nominaux du gaulois. I : Ab- / Iχs(o)-. Paris : Les Cent Chemins, 2019. 398 p.
Authors:   Institute for Linguistic Studies of the RAS, Falileyev Alexander I.
Published: April 2021

This new book by Xavier Delamarre is the first volume of the dictionary of Gaulish nominal bases. Since onomastics is the source for most of its data, this book is of interest for the readers of this journal. Apart from Gaulish, the author considers data of other ancient Celtic languages such as Lepontic, Celtiberian, or British (Brittonic). The review surveys methodological aspects underlying this research, and particularly a number of questions related to suffixation in relation to the most recent research on Celtic morphology and word-formation. Undoubtedly, the book is the most complete collection of Gaulish onomastics up to date, although a number of missing forms can be brought forward, which is to be expected due to the amount of data at our disposal, and selection of several examples as Celtic should be questioned. The text contains etymological comments, and some of them appear in the book for the first time which deserves special attention. The dictionary is a very important contribution to Celtic studies in general, and to Gaulish onomastics in particular.
Assessment and development of the export potential of the agro-industrial complex of the Far Eastern Federal District
Authors: Tretyak Natalia , Zhupley Irina , Schmidt Yulia
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the issue of choice at the level of the far Eastern Federal district (FEFD) priority development areas export of products of agro-industrial complex (AIC). The purpose of the study: to assess the export potential of agricultural products of the Far Eastern Federal District in comparison with Russia and the world. The novelty of the study determined that with enough thoroughness in the scientific literature, issues of trade flows exports of agricultural products research of regional features of an assessment and formation of directions of development of export potential of agricultural products represented slightly. To analyze the export potential, the study used the Balassa index, which allows identifying industries that have an export advantage in the production of
export-oriented a8groproducts. The authors analyzed the export potential of the region in comparison with the macro- (Russian Federation) and mega- (World) levels; studied the export volumes of the agro-industrial complex of the world, the Russian Federation and the Far Eastern Federal District by product groups in dynamics for 2017–2020. The study made it possible to determine the growth points of the agro-industrial complex of the region in terms of the formation of export potential – commodity groups on which to focus the main attention and investment support. The predominant role of raw material export directions (fish, grain, oilseeds) is shown at the present time. The main problems of realizing the export potential of agricultural products in the Far Eastern Federal District are identified and promising directions for the development of the agro-industrial complex are identified. It is proposed to take into account the results of the export potential assessment when forming the priority directions of the region's foreign economic activity. Attention is focused on the fact that when identifying industry points of growth in the export of agricultural products of the Far Eastern region, one should not ignore possible restrictions due to the diversification of exported product.
Atenção à saúde de pessoas com diabetes e hipertensão no Brasil: estudo transversal do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica, 2014
Authors: Neves Rosália Garcia , Duro Suele Manjourany Silva , Nunes Bruno Pereira , Facchini Luiz Augusto , Tomasi Elaine
Published: April 2021

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a atenção às pessoas com diabetes e hipertensão, comparando as equipes segundo sua participação nos ciclos I e II do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade (PMAQ), e verificar sua associação com características dos usuários e municípios. Métodos Estudo transversal, com dados do PMAQ em 2014. Foram utilizadas variáveis de organização da equipe, solicitação de exames e atenção referida pelos usuários. Resultados Trinta e cinco por cento das equipes apresentaram organização adequada e 88% solicitaram todos os exames. Entre os usuários, 31% tiveram seus pés examinados e 18% referiram ter recebido atenção adequada. Municípios da região Sudeste, com mais de 300 mil habitantes e maior índice de desenvolvimento humano apresentaram melhores indicadores. As equipes participantes dos ciclos I e II mostraram melhores prevalências de organização e solicitação de exames. Conclusão A atenção à pessoa com diabetes e hipertensão na rede básica de saúde brasileira necessita de melhorias.
Síntesis del conocimiento de la dieta vegetal de los murciélagos nectarívoros de México (Phyllostomidae:Glossophaginae)
Authors: Ortega-García Sthepanie , Saldaña-Vázquez Romeo A.
Published: April 2021

Introducción: La interacción entre los murciélagos y las plantas es clave para la estabilidad de los ecosistemas y para industrias económicamente importantes, como la del tequila y mezcal en México.  Por ello, es importante determinar el estado del conocimiento de la dieta vegetal de los murciélagos nectarívoros.  En este estudio hicimos una revisión sistemática de literatura sobre las plantas que se han reportado como alimento de las especies de murciélagos nectarívoros glosofaginos de México.  A partir de ello, identificamos las especies de murciélagos con mayor completitud en el conocimiento de su dieta, los géneros de plantas más consumidos y los territorios con vacíos de información para el país.  Materiales y métodos: La búsqueda de literatura sobre dieta de glosofaginos se realizó en la base de datos Web of Science, en el buscador Google Scholar y en acervos digitales de universidades.  Construimos curvas de rarefacción de riqueza de la dieta de los murciélagos, un mapa de calor de los géneros consumidos por especie, así como un mapa de las localidades de dieta en las diferentes provincias biogeográficas de México, para saber si el conocimiento de la dieta vegetal de estos murciélagos estaba relacionado con variables como el tamaño de provincia biogeográfica, presencia de plantas quiropterofílicas o riqueza de especies de murciélagos.  Resultados: La dieta de los murciélagos se concentró en los géneros Agave spp., Pseudobombax spp. y Ceiba spp., los cuales proveen de alimento a más del 75 % de las especies de estudio.  Leptonycteris yerbabuenae es la especie con mayor información sobre su dieta vegetal en México, mientras que Lichonycteris obscura es la especie con menos información.  Ninguna especie de murciélago alcanzó un registro mayor al 65 % de la riqueza esperada.  Las localidades donde se ha estudiado la dieta de estos murciélagos se concentran en provincias biogeográficas correspondientes a la región Neotropical del país.  Discusión y Conclusiones: El conocimiento sobre la dieta de nectarívoros glosofaginos en México está lejos de estar completado.  La distribución de localidades de dieta está sesgada en una gran parte de su distribución geográfica y parece relacionarse positivamente con áreas de mayor riqueza de especies de murciélagos.
Centrifuge experimental study of behaviour of basal-reinforced rubble mound over soft soil
Authors: Haghparast Masoud , Shahir Hadi , Ghalandarzadeh Abbas
Published: April 2021

Large settlement and lateral deformation during construction of a rubble mound, such as a breakwater, over a soft clayey foundation are a challenge. Different mechanisms contribute to excessive settlement of marine clay, including consolidation, the size of the rubble particles, the penetration of individual rock particles and the flow of sludge through the rock pores. Placing a geotextile layer or sand mattress can restrict the amount of material loss caused by these mechanisms. To accurately assess the performance of a geotextile under a rubble mound, eight geotechnical centrifuge tests were conducted. The shear strength of the foundation and the type of the separator layer were the variables considered. The results indicate that the use of a geotextile as basal reinforcement reduced settlement at the breakwater crest and increased stability. In addition, the horizontal displacement of the rubble mound and the clayey foundation decreased remarkably.
Comparison of Two Different Circular Diaphragm Models with Central Mass for MEMS Based FPI Pressure Sensor Performance Based on Sensitivity and Frequency Response
Authors: YILDIZ Fikret
Published: April 2021

The sensitivity and the fundamental frequency of membrane with central mass (embossment) were analytically evaluated. Two different previously developed model (named as M1 and M2) of center embossment diaphragm were considered to obtain results. According to the results, it was noted that M1 structure shows higher sensitivity and displacement compared to M2. On the other hand, M2 structure provide more linearity on central deformation of membrane from applied pressure due to smaller displacement M1 counterpart. Moreover, frequency response of two structure is different for thinner embossment; however, this difference reduces for thicker embossment. As a result, the non-uniform structure of M2 model shows more flexibility on designing the sensors due to more geometrical parameters and provide more deformation linearity for effective detection of pressure. It was understand that compared with the conventional circular diaphragm (CD) structure used by Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPI) sensors, non-uniform structure provides extra geometrical parameters to tune the device performance and resulting in an enhanced design flexibility of the sensor structure.
Development of a “smart greenhouse” based on the model “plant–environment–situation–control”
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Grif Mihail , Belgibaev Baurzhan ,   al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Umarov Amantur ,   al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: April 2021

The greenhouse is a closed-type agroecological system in which energy processes are strictly determined by the technological process of growing plants, taking into account the influence of the environment. As you know, greenhouse models are divided into two types: white box models and black box models. The well-known model of the “Soil-Plant-Atmosphere” system belongs to the first type, built on the physical principles of thermo-, hydro- and gas dynamics. They consist of several complex differential equations that use numerous coefficients and parameters that are known in advance. Such models are cumbersome and require large computational resources and time-consuming. The proposed model of the system “Plant-Environment-Situation-Management” is a practical analogue of the well-known model “Soil-Plant-Atmosphere”. The main difference of this model is that it refers to a black box model, which is an approximation of the observed processes and allows you to describe processes based on experimental data. On the basis of the “Plant-Environment-Situation-Management” model, the software and hardware system “Smart Greenhouse” was developed, which is a human-machine system with a rational separation of the functions of preparation (computer) and decision-making (Man). It allows you to control and control the growth and development of the plant during the growing season, taking into account the influence of environmental conditions. The system is implemented and used in the greenhouse of the al-Farabi Kazakh National University.
HTAPP_Dissociation of human metastatic breast cancer lymph node excision biopsy to a single-cell suspension for single-cell RNA-seq (using Collagenase 4 and Dispase II) v1
Authors: Wakiro Isaac , Wu Jingyi , Vigneau Sébastien , Slyper Michal , Rotem Asaf , Johnson Bruce , Rozenblatt-Rosen Orit , Regev Aviv
Published: April 2021

This protocol was used as part of the Human Tumor Atlas Pilot Project’s (HTAPP) efforts to establish a working protocol for the dissociation of human metastatic breast cancer excision biopsies to a single-cell suspension compatible with droplet-based single-cell RNA-Seq technology. For processing human metastatic breast cancer excision biopsies, however, we now recommend using the Liberase-based protocol established by Slyper et al.
Large Classes in the Context of Teaching English as a Foreign Language
Authors: Abu-ghararah Basmah Ali
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study is to explore the techniques used by teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL) in teaching the four language skills to students in large classes in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. This study also seeks to determine the most effective technique to teaching large classes by examining teachers’ experiences. Additionally, this study investigates the teachers’ use of language techniques for language classes with respect to gender, qualification, years of experience, and level of teaching. The subjects of the study were 307 EFL teachers from Saudi schools. This study used descriptive statistical methods to examine the teachers’ preferred techniques in teaching the four central English skills in a large class setting. The results show that EFL teachers use a variety of language techniques in teaching graphic skills rather than aural ones. Further, gender and level of teaching shape their preferences for using certain techniques when teaching language skills in large classes. The study raised some questions for further research.
Capitalization Roles in Subtitled Igbo Movies: The Translator’s Aid
Authors: Nwike Christopher Chinedu , Agbedo Christopher Uchenna , Ebulu Ndubuisi Ihechinyere
Published: April 2021

The study revolves around capitalization roles in subtitled Igbo movies: The translator’s aid by focusing on the relevance of the translator in making sure that the right information is appropriated. The study shows that capitalization is the writing of a word of a particular language with its first letter in uppercase or big letters while the remaining letters in lowercase or small letters. However, capitalization error is involved with wrong use or application of capitalization in written utterances of a particular language. In other to have the right message in the movie used for the study, this research adopted the methodology of description in its design in order to account for the movie used for the study. In doing this, the researcher played and replayed the movie in order to describe the information correctly and also, recognizing the different places capitalizations are used or should set in. The study finds out that there is need to avoid capitalization errors in any written information and concludes by recommending the translators services or aid, as it will help to make available the supposed and worth having information in the target language.
Youth Culture and EFL Students’ Development of Integrative Motivation
Authors: Khorsheed Ranwa
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study is to examine the role of the habitual use of English mediums (English T.V programs and English websites), being informal learning contexts, in Syrian non-English majors university students’ development of integrative motivation. Furthermore, this study aims at highlighting the importance of integrative motivation in foreign language acquisition whether for teachers, learners or language policy makers. Results showed that the students professed positive attitudes towards learning English in general and a good level of integrative motivation. Furthermore, resorting to correlational formula has proven that students’ habitual use of English mediums do have a role in developing integrative motivation especially viewing English T.V programs. It was also noticed that the students’ integrative motivation did have a positive influence on their achievement in the English language course. The most significant implication of this research is that once learners realize that they could use English for self expression, as a desire brought on by the impacts of the international youth culture, they will be more integratively motivated to learn the language.
The Vocabulary Teaching Mode Based on the Theory of Constructivism
Authors: Gao Ruifang
Published: April 2021

Vocabulary teaching is an important research topic in English teaching, this paper combines constructivist theory with English vocabulary teaching and proposes a new model of vocabulary teaching on the basis of qualitative analysis and modular construction, that is “The Word Parameter Contextualized Meaning Construction Mode and The Embodiment-activation Schematic Construction Mode”, the former point out that some words, in vocabulary teaching, do not appear in the vocabulary list, but teachers can hint parameters or clues in the context, such as: time, categories, comparison etc. to guide students to recognize and construct the meaning of unknown words autonomously; the latter means that the human brain systematically stores the learned knowledge and experience and divides it into several units to form a "schema" of which some incomplete places will continue to be supplemented and improved with people's cognition and practice’s development. At the same time, the accumulation of new knowledge will activate the old knowledge in the brain, which enables learners to connect messy knowledge into a systematic network. It is worth promoting in teaching practice. This study selects the college English textbook "New Vision" as the case material to analyze and prove that this new type of vocabulary teaching mode not only can broaden the teaching thinking of teachers and improve teaching efficiency, but also can help students explore the cognitive laws of vocabulary, build a vocabulary system, and effectively stimulate their potential in the short term.
A Study of Autobiographies: Confessions, Facts, Fiction and Hypothesis
Authors: Wahab Mohammed Osman Abdul , Koka Nisar Ahmad , Islam Mohammed Nurul
Published: April 2021

Since ancient times, man has attempted to express his inner feelings, covetousness and inclination to the world through various mediums e.g. poetry, drama, story, etc. Literature is one of the outcomes of the man’s efforts to reveal his aspirations to the world. Literature has avalanche of the widespread genre which is always subject to precisely apprehend and assimilate. Biography and autobiography are the two different genres of literature. The life of an individual is full of sweet and bitter experiences. There are incidences in an individual’s life which he or she never wants to share with anybody. Politicians, Rulers, Socialites, Movie Stars and other public personalities are also normal human beings. They too have their personal share of problems in their lives and in an attempt to resolve those issues they sometimes commit mistakes and even crimes which they never want anyone to know. Sometimes they commit these mistakes, misdemeanours, felonies or crimes because of their lustful desires or inclinations.  The present paper is a result of interest and curiosity to know if individuals share such information in their autobiographies.
Configurações do processo orçamentário: análise de empresas que atuam no Brasil
Authors: Magalhães Mucci Daniel , Beck Franciele , Frezatti Fabio
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: O presente estudo discute as configurações do processo orçamentário de empresas que atuam no Brasil. Esse estudo se justifica pois o processo orçamentário foi preponderantemente estudado de forma reducionista, não se levando em consideração quais são os perfis de desenho praticados pelas empresas, e portanto, os achados da literatura refletem uma dimensão específica do artefato ou a um modelo de orçamento que pode não existir na prática.

Método: Foi desenvolvido um levantamento abrangendo uma amostra final de 109 empresas de médio e grande porte. Como métodos de análise foram empregados a análise fatorial confirmatória e análise de cluster.

Resultados: Ao combinar as dimensões de planejamento, execução, avaliação e aspectos transversais, a análise de clusters sugere diferentes configurações, que denotam níveis de maturidade do processo orçamentário sendo: orçamento só como discurso, quase planejamento, orçamento embrionário, orçamento com estrutura de planejamento estático e orçamento com estrutura flexível.

Contribuições: Particularmente, esse estudo propõe insights sobre o nível de maturidade de orçamento implementado por empresas de médio e grande porte, suscitando reflexões a respeito da melhoria do processo orçamentário (dimensões) e ampliação ou delimitação dos papéis que o orçamento desempenha nas empresas.
Correlations and path analysis for quantitative characteristics in semi-prostrate cowpea bean genotypes (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)
Authors: Araméndiz-Tatis Hermes , Espitia-Camacho Miguel , Cardona-Ayala Carlos
Published: April 2021

The cowpea is the most important legume in the Colombian Caribbean, due to its positive impact on the food and nutritional security of low-income rural families. It is cultivated by small producers, but its yields per hectare do not exceed 600 kg, due to the use of obsolete cultivars. The objective of the research was to estimate the correlations between seven quantitative characters and the path analysis between grain yield and six quantitative characters, with the results of the evaluation of 10 genotypes of semi-prostrate growth habit, high grain yield, grown in eight environments of the humid and dry tropics of the Colombian Caribbean region, under the randomized complete blocks design, with four repetitions. Significant differences between environments, genotypes and genotype x environment interaction were detected. Genotypic correlations were of greater magnitude than phenotypic, highlighting the correlation between grain width (GW) and grain yield (GY), rP = 0.69 *, rG = 0.78 *, also between the weight of 100 seeds (100SW) and GW, rP = 0.97 **, rG = 0.99 **. The characters GW and number of pods per plant (NPP) had positive direct effects on the GY, with an indirect negative effect of NPP by way of GW, while the height of the first pod (HFP), the number of seeds per pod (NSP) and the 100SW directly and negatively influenced the GY of the 10 semi-prostrate cowpea cultivars.
Mechanical properties and simulation of finite element firmness in Carica papaya L. Tainung F1 cultivated on the high Sinu (Cordoba-Colombia)
Authors: Arrázola Guillermo , Villadiego Fernando , Alvis Armando
Published: April 2021

The objective of this research was to evaluate Tainung F1 papaya fruits in five degrees of ripeness, analyzing mechanical resistance and modeling behavior with finite element analysis to generate important postharvest and transport management data. Tainung F1 papaya fruits were evaluated in five degrees of ripeness by analyzing their mechanical strength. Firmness was determined by applying a uniaxial penetration test and mechanical properties with an axial compression test. The firmness modeling and simulation was done with Autodesk inventor professional 15.0 (ANSYS® Technology). The deformability modulus decreased with the increase in the degree of ripeness, from 1.81 MPa to 0.52 MPa for degree of ripeness 1 to degree of ripeness 5. The yield strength varied from 0.0073 MPa to 0.00239 MPa for the same range. The finite element simulation of the fruit firmness showed a negative correlation with the degree of ripeness.
Carciniculture solid waste increases the morphophysiological characteristics of tomato seedlings
Authors: Lopes Brenna Karelly Almeida , Dias Gabrielen De Maria Gomes , Anjos David Correia dos , Farias Tamires Maciel , Paiva Thamiris Ferreira Pinto , Hernandez Fernando Felipe Ferreyra
Published: April 2021

Appropriate waste handling is a concern in the fishing industry, seeking to minimize harm to the environment. This study aimed to evaluate vegetative growth at different concentrations of solid residue from shrimp farming in tomato seedlings. Tomato seeds cv. Santa Clara were sown in trays with substrate, until uniform germination and further development for transplant. The concentrations of the shrimp residue were mixed with coconut powder for use in the following treatments: coconut powder (control), 5, 10, 15 and 20 g of shrimp residue, with 8 replicates per treatment. After 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after transplant, the number of leaves and the length of the aerial part were evaluated. At the 50th day, the remaining phytotechnical, physiological and X-ray microanalysis characteristics were evaluated. The three parts of the solid residues were rich in macro and micronutrientes (Fe > Zn > Ca > S > P > Mn > Na > Mg > K > N). The plants grown with different concentrations of shrimp residue had a significant difference for the photosynthetic rate and transpiratory rate, starting at 10 g kg-1. The use of the P3 shrimp residue (cephalothorax + abdomen) was promising and could replace the use of fertilizers in the development of plants, reducing the amount of material released to the environment and easing degradation. The concentration of 10 g kg-1 of shrimp residue was efficient for the morphophysiological development of the tomato plants cv. Santa Clara.
Autonomous Navigation in Search and Rescue Simulated Environment using Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: ABDEH Mohammed , ABUT Fatih , AKAY Fatih
Published: April 2021

Human assisted search and rescue (SAR) robots are increasingly being used in zones of natural disasters, industrial accidents, and civil wars. Due to complex terrains, obstacles, and uncertainties in time availability, there is a need for these robots to have a certain level of autonomy to act independently for approaching certain SAR tasks. One of these tasks is autonomous navigation. Previous approaches to develop autonomous or semi-autonomous SAR navigating robots use heuristics-based methods. These algorithms, however, require environment-related prior knowledge and enough sensing capabilities, which are hard to maintain due to restrictions of size and weight in highly unstructured environments such as collapsed buildings. This study approaches the problem of autonomous navigation using a modified version of the Deep Q-Network algorithm. Unlike the classical usage of the entire game screen images to train the agent, our approach uses only the images captured by the agent's low-resolution camera to train the agent for navigating through an arena avoiding obstacles and to reach a victim. This approach is a much more relevant way of decision making in complex, uncertain contexts; since in real-world SAR scenarios, it is almost impossible to have the area's full information to be used by SAR teams. We simulated a SAR scenario, which consists of an arena full of randomly generated obstacles, a victim, and an autonomous SAR robot. The simulation results show that the agent was able to reach the victim in 56% of the evaluation episodes after 400 episodes of training.
Tzar cloudy Ivan in thepsychiatric chambers
Authors: Mendelevich Vladimir D.
Published: April 2021

The article describes a clinical case of patient P., 43 years old, a political activist who conducted extravagant performances in the image of the Tsar, who called for a return to monarchical rule and, in connection with this, was hospitalized involuntarily in a psychiatric hospital. A comparative analysis with the actions of Pyotr Pavlenky and Pavel Krysevich is carried out, the contribution of the psychopathological to the creative activity of representatives of contemporary art is estimated. The validity of the psychiatric diagnoses exposed to patient P., the recognition of his social danger and the validity of the appointment of compulsory inpatient treatment to him are evaluated. It is concluded that freak behavior, presenting itself through actionism, performances and dissent, needs a serious psychological and psychopathological analysis. Often, such dissent becomes a way of self-realization or provocation (trolling), but psychopathology is also capable of hiding behind it. It is stated that this should in no way diminish the social significance and the creative component of the performances and actions of people considered to be freaks. In addition, it is argued that actionism should not be perceived as a socially dangerous act, and there is no reason to imprison a person or send a patient to a psychiatric hospital for compulsory treatment for performances.
Psychological well-being of outpatients with mental disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic — a brief survey results
Authors: Chumakov Egor M. , Azarova Larisa A. , Limankin Oleg V.
Published: April 2021

Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the social restrictions associated with it on the psychological well-being of outpatients with mental disorders.
Methods. A total of 151 outpatients (60.9% female; mean age 34.412.9 years) who received treatment at psychiatric day hospitals in St. Petersburg during the first two weeks of May 2020 participated in the study.
Results. The majority of respondents (72.8%) indicated that they became more stressed during the COVID-19 pandemic, including one-third of patients (29.1%) indicating deterioration in family relationships. Two-thirds of patients (60.3%) indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic and the restrictions imposed in connection with it resulted in and increased anxiety and distress.
Conclusions. This study confirmed that outpatients with psychiatric disorders, as well as the general Russian population, experienced an increase in stress, anxiety, and distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the study underscore the importance of continuing to provide outpatient psychiatric care during epidemics or social upheaval, despite the imposition of social restrictions.
Discussion questions about the therapy of nonchemical addictions
Authors: Egorov Alexey Y.
Published: April 2021

Today there are no international standards for the treatment of non-chemical (behavioral) addiction (NA). This is largely due to the vagueness of their existence as nosological units and, as a consequence, their place in international classifications. This article discusses the forms of NA that are or will be included in DSM-V and ICD-11. It has been shown that NA research has sparked discussions about the spectrum of addictive disorders, expands the multidisciplinary understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of addictive disorders, and promotes the study of new forms and expansion of therapeutic approaches. The criticism of the addictive spectrum concept is analyzed. The modern approaches of non-drug and pharmacological therapy of different forms of NA are presented.
The following conclusions are drawn.

The existence of NA is confirmed by the inclusion of a part of them in the International Classifications of Diseases.
NA have high comorbidity with other mental disorders, in respect of which pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy are not in doubt.
Taking into account the general neurobiological mechanisms of the formation of addictive disorders, the possible pharmacotherapy of non-chemical addictions, officially recognized in the ICD and DSM, should proceed from the currently available approaches to the therapy of substance use disorders.
Treatment of non-chemical addictions that are not included in the International Classifications can only be carried out within the framework of therapy for confirmed comorbid mental disorders. In its absence, psychological correction seems to be possible.
There is an obvious need to continue researching the problem of non-chemical addictions to expand new approaches to their therapy and psychological correction.