bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estrategias de evaluación en la enseñanza de los algoritmos de factorización en noveno grado de Educación Secundaria
Authors: Flores Medina Nicolaza Del Carmen , Pastrana Jarquín Mariana Lisseth , Flores López William Oswaldo
Published: October 2017

En este artículo se han descrito las estrategias de evaluación en la enseñanza de los algoritmos de factorización en noveno grado de Educación Secundaria. Se trató de un estudio cualitativo sustentado en un diseño fenomenológico donde se suministró una entrevista a siete profesores de matemáticas de Educación Secundaria con el propósito de detallar las experiencias individuales subjetivas de los participantes sobre la evaluación. Los principales resultados afirman que el profesorado evalúa la enseñanza de la factorización con: estrategias metodológicas, recursos didácticos, tecnológicos, criterios e instrumentos de evaluación y registro de evaluación diagnóstica. Concluyendo que, la evaluación de aprendizajes es útil, flexible y válida para la toma de las decisiones en la vinculación de los cognitivo y afectivo, así como, para proponer situaciones didácticas que mejoren el aprendizaje de las matemáticas del estudiantado.
Actividad de la colinesterasa total en pobladores que utilizan plaguicidas en La Brea, Lepaterique durante el año 2015
Authors: Blanco Alba Ruth , Ponce Henry Daniel , Lanza Nahúm Alcides , Velásquez Heydi Joseline , Calderón Gina Lucila
Published: October 2017

Se establecieron los niveles de actividad de la enzima colinesterasa en sangre total de los pobladores de la aldea La Brea, Lepaterique, empleando el método potenciométrico de Michel. Previo a la adquisición de las muestras de sangre se aplicó un instrumento de recolección para conocer las prácticas y cuidados en el manejo de plaguicidas de parte de la población; asimismo, los hábitos de aplicación, medidas de seguridad y tiempo de estar en contacto con estos productos. Mediante los resultados obtenidos en la determinación de la actividad enzimática en pobladores expuestos y no expuestos, se considera normal un valor mayor o igual a 154 unidades de pH/hora, empleando la desviación estándar de los resultados obtenidos se lograron determinar estadísticamente los valores de corte para señalar una inhibición en la actividad de la enzima en sangre. Así, se obtuvo como valor de corte para establecer una leve inhibición en 133 unidades de pH/hora y finalmente aquellos valores menores a 120 unidades de pH/hora como inhibición moderada. De los 95 pobladores evaluados, solamente tres de ellos presentaron valores menores dentro del rango de inhibición moderada. Finalmente, se presentaron los resultados a la comunidad, lo mismo que una guía rápida para el uso, manejo y cuidados en la utilización de los plaguicidas.Revista Ciencia y Tecnología No.19, diciembre 2016, p.94-110
La fertilización mineral, orgánica y biológica sobre la producción de frijol común en Santa Rosa de Copán
Authors: Mejía Kevin J.
Published: October 2017

Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la fertilización mineral, orgánica y biológica sobre la producción del frijol común (P. vulgaris L.) se desarrolló un ensayo durante los meses de febrero-mayo de 2015. El estudio se realizó en la finca El Padre, ubicada en el municipio de La Montañita, en el departamento de Copán, a 12 km de la ciudad de Santa Rosa de Copán. Se usó el diseño de bloque completamente al azar (BCA), con ocho tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones por cada uno, para un total de 32 unidades experimentales (UE). Las UE son parcelas de 8 m2 (4 hileras a 0.45 m y 5 m de longitud). Los fertilizantes empleados fueron 12-24-12, urea 46 % y KCl 60 %, combinados en fórmula de acuerdo al análisis de suelos. Lombricompost a razón de 4 ton.ha-1 depositado a fondo de surco; hongos micorriza por el método de peletizado de semilla. Seguidamente, se hizo combinación entre estos. La variedad empleada fue el Amadeus-77 (color rojo brillante). En el peso de 100 granos existió diferencia significativa, las semillas del tratamiento con compost lograron mayor peso (27.68 g), con respecto al control (22.61 g). El efecto de los tratamientos no fue significativo para el crecimiento de la planta a los 65 DDS, área foliar y rendimientos, mientras que la combinación de compost + micorriza tuvo mayor número de legumbres por planta; el tratamiento de fertilizante + compost + micorriza fue el que tuvo mayor número de granos por legumbre.Revista Ciencia y Tecnología No.19, diciembre 2016, p.181-194
La vida es una función: unidad didáctica sobre funciones lineales y cuadráticas
Authors: Medal Álvarez Tomás , Herrera Rodríguez Rebeca , Cruz Zeledón Alex
Published: October 2017

El proceso de investigación desarrollado sobre validación de una unidad didáctica para el aprendizaje de las funciones: función lineal, función cuadrática tiene como propósito brindar herramientas útiles para contrarrestar debilidades que presentan los estudiantes. Además, motivar tanto a estudiantes como docentes involucrados hacia un cambio de paradigma educativo. Dicha investigación se dio en el Instituto Nacional de Sébaco con estudiantes de décimo grado quienes presentaban dificultad en la apropiación de las características propias de las funciones lineales y cuadráticas. Siendo de carácter descriptivo lo que permitió señalar rasgos y cualidades de la población objeto de estudio. Se tomó una muestra probabilística de 45 estudiantes correspondiente al 18% de un total de 254 estudiantes. Basados en los resultados obtenidos en la aplicación de la primera y segunda sesión, se logró visualizar que 41 estudiantes equivalente a 91% de la muestra lograron adquirir dominio de las características de las funciones lineales y cuadráticas. Como investigadores constatamos la importancia de desarrollar el contenido de función lineal y función cuadrática de manera contextualizadaya que se desarrolla el pensamiento cognitivo del discente y esto conlleva a que relacionaran su experiencia previa con el conocimiento nuevo, a través de la contextualización y desarrollo pensamiento lógico matemático.
Android y Smartphones: una computadora de bolsillo
Authors: Mosher Golovin. Elmer Miroslav
Published: October 2017

Este ensayo describe las oportunidades y posibilidades que ofrecen al usuario los Smartphones y el Sistema Operativo (SO) Android. Se explica el concepto de Android y Android Open Source Project (AOSP), además de los dispositivos que soportan Android y las aplicaciones Google experience. También, los conceptos del PC portátil y el Smartphone, comparando sus propósitos y funciones principales. Se relata sobre cómo Ubuntu puede ser utilizado en Android. De igual forma se narra sobre las aplicaciones nativas de Android y su potencial. También se aborda sobre las modificaciones para Android y lo que ofrecen y se explica de manera breve como sacarle partido al dispositivo Android. Para realizar este trabajo se hizo la revisión de bibliografía actualizada y se realizaron pruebas prácticas tanto con los Smartphones y el SO Android, como con las computadoras portátiles para cerciorarse de la veracidad de la información teórica encontrada, poniéndola en práctica. Se concluye que la combinación de estos dos, Smartphones y Android, genera un dispositivo móvil, versátil y de fácil uso, lo que permite llevar el trabajo y entretenimiento a todas partes, y lo más importante, sin perder lo que se puede hacer en un sistema estacionario. Así, el PC portátil es rediseñado a un tamaño micro, y con características técnicas muy buenas, logrando un auténtico “PC de bolsillo”.
Inversión en un estudiante universitario
Authors: Delgado Eliasid Anelores , Toledo Narváez Brenda Carolina , Vargas Narváez Rony Kadir
Published: October 2017

El presente trabajo está centrado en determinar y analizar los costos incurridos en un Egresado de la CarreraEconomía Agrícola del Departamento de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas, de Modalidad Regular del TurnoVespertino durante el período 2007 – 2011 en la Facultad Regional Multidisciplinaria de Carazo. A través de unaEstructura de Costos por Procesos que permita conocer la inversión total que realiza la UNAN – Managua en unEgresado de la FAREM – Carazo de la Carrera Economía Agrícola. Para realizar este trabajo nos auxiliamos deinformación proporcionada por el área de contabilidad y administración de la Facultad, la cual nos brindóinformación referente a la tarifa salarial de acuerdo al nivel académico de los docentes, los Costos Indirectos deFabricación, la cantidad de estudiantes becados durante este período. Y la Unidad de Secretaría Académica nossuministró los registros de matriculados durante los cinco años que son objeto de estudio. Todos estos datos fueronclasificados de acuerdo a los elementos del costo para determinar el Costo de un Egresado de dicha Carrera. Loselementos del costo utilizados en la determinación del costo unitario de un Egresado son: Materia Prima, Mano deObra Directa, Costos Indirectos (servicios personales y no personales, transferencias corrientes, becas académicas,servicios básicos agua y luz). Los instrumentos para la investigación, métodos y procedimientos correspondieron aentrevistas y encuestas Cualitativas–Cuantitativas. Los datos recopilados fueron sometidos a un análisis de los cualesse obtuvieron resultados importantes sobre el conocimiento de las personas interesadas sobre el Costo de unEgresado para FAREM–Carazo.
Propuesta de herramientas de información estadística para la Fundación Angelitos Por Siempre
Authors: Ramos María Alejandra , Amara Buitrago Judith
Published: October 2017

El proyecto de creación de herramientas sobre  recopilación de información estadística en la rehabilitación de niños con discapacidad se desarrolló durante once semanas de las prácticas de especialización I, por estudiantes de Fisioterapia en la Fundación Angelitos Por Siempre del municipio de Masatepe.  El objetivo del proyecto fue diseñar un sistema de formatos básicos que permitiera obtener y  brindar información comprensible y útil para el desarrollo de actividades administrativas y de gestión financiera.  Es importante registrar la información de sobre la atención brindada a los pacientes que asisten al centro porque permitirá visualizar la información para ser utilizada en la planificación de acciones para beneficio de la población con discapacidad.  El avance de este proyecto se desarrolló en dos etapas: la identificación de las necesidades y la planificación de tareas operativos para la creación de  instrumentos de recopilación de información.  El resultado obtenido fueron herramientas diseñadas de fácil manejo para el personal así como también de importancia para tener un registro de todas las personas con discapacidad que atiende el centro como una institución prestadora de servicios a los niños con discapacidad del municipio de Masatepe.
Editorial
Authors: Carballo Palma Anielka Patricia
Published: October 2017

La Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, Managua ha venido realizando grandes esfuerzos por la actualización docente en temas de investigación e innovación.  En esta línea, desde hace dos años la Dirección de Investigación de Grado ha realizado capacitación en área de metodología de la investigación, normativas de citación y redacción científica.  Todo esto con el fin de apoyar y estimular la producción investigativa y su publicación.
Análisis de políticas cambiarias: la producción de café en el departamento de Matagalpa 2009/2010
Authors: Ocón López. Samuel
Published: October 2017

En Nicaragua se han desarrollado investigaciones económicas con el propósito de estudiar los problemas de competitividad del sector agrario nacional en rubros prioritarios tales como: café, frijol, maíz, arroz, sorgo, entre otros, utilizando metodologías de cálculo entre ellas la MATRIICA. Para este caso en particular, se efectuó el análisis sobre la producción desarrollada por pequeños caficultores con menos de cuatro hectáreas en el departamento de Matagalpa, en el ciclo agrícola 2009/2010. En vista que los resultados preliminares no demostraron una tendencia clara de las políticas cambiarias, se realizó una estimación autónoma usando el tipo de cambio de paridad y el resultado final demostró que los pequeños caficultores recibieron un precio de mercado más bajo que el que recibirían en el mercado internacional en ese período al tipo de cambio oficial, es decir, que los caficultores referidos fueron desprotegidos por las políticas cambiarias desde el punto de vista nominal y efectivo. Cabe destacar, que los avances en la estimación oficial del tipo de cambio de paridad permitieron mejores niveles de competencia en el mercado internacional.
Cardiopatía y embarazo
Authors: González Moncada Clara Isabel , Blass Alfaro Gerardo
Published: October 2017

Paciente de 23 años de edad, primigesta, con 32 semanas de gestación, portadora de cardiopatía congénita (conducto arterioso persistente de 0.7 mm de diámetro) diagnosticada a los 10 años de vida,  con cortocircuito de izquierda a derecha quien además presenta dilatación de cavidades izquierdas y datos de Hipertensión pulmonar leve. Desde el inicio del embarazo ha cursado asintomática y compensada. Al examen físico se encontró soplo IV/VI en todo el borde esternal izquierdo irradiado a foco aórtico y pulmonar, con ausencia de plétora yugular y de cianosis peribucal. Se le practicó cesárea y esterilización quirúrgica, previo consentimiento informado, a las 38 semanas de gestación bajo anestesia regional, obteniéndose un feto vivo, apgar 8/9, sin complicaciones asociadas y con evolución satisfactoria de su puerperio
Taller de Inducción para la Instalación del CATI en las diferentes Facultades, Centros de Investigación, Laboratorios Especializados e IPS de UNAN – Managua
Authors: Pereira César
Published: October 2017

El día  8 de septiembre del 2015 se llevó a cabo el “Taller de Inducción para la Instalación del CATI en las diferentes Facultades, Centros de Investigación, Laboratorios e IPS de UNAN – Managua”, en el laboratorio 1102 de la facultad de Ciencias e Ingenierías
Factors affecting cone production in Pinus pinaster Ait.: lack of growth-reproduction trade-offs but significant effects of climate and tree and stand characteristics
Authors: Bravo Felipe , Maguire Douglas A. , González-Martínez Santiago C.
Published: October 2017

Aim of study: Our main goal is to determine the relationship between cone production and radial growth in Pinus pinaster Ait. under different climatic conditions across the Iberian Peninsula.Area of study: Coca Intensive Sampling Plateau, Northern Plateau (Spain).Material and methods: Cone counts were conducted on an intensive monitoring plot in Coca (North-Central Spain) during the years 2000, 2006 and 2007. A ZIP (zero-inflated Poisson) model was adjusted for simultaneously estimating the probability of obtaining crop cones and its amount. The Northern Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index was used as explanatory variable, together with a wide variety of tree and local stand variables. Climate (as evaluated by NAO), local stand density (here estimated from the six nearest trees), tree size and vigor, competition and growth efficiency significantly influenced both occurrence and intensity of cone production.Main results: ZIP models for predicting reproductive effort seems an adequate tool to predict reproductive responses to climatic fluctuations and the resulting future species distribution in the face of climate change, as well as to identify silviculture actions that would promote reproductive success in naturally-regenerated stands, list and discuss relevant results (including numeric values of experimental results).Research highlights: Climate, stand density and tree conditions (size and vigor, competition and growth efficiency) influence significantly both cone occurrence and intensity of fruiting as shown by a ZIP model. As the climate variables included in the model (based on Northern Atlantic Oscillation, NAO) are general and easily obtained, the proposed model has practical applicability to predicting Pinus pinaster cone production in the Iberian Peninsula.
On Author, Copyright and Originality: Does the Unified EU Originality Standard Correspond to the Digital Reality in Wikipedia?
Authors: Lukoševičienė Aurelija
Published: October 2017

This article is contributing to the future of copyright law debate by exploring the recently harmonised originality standard in the EU copyright law and its suitability to a creative sharing community of Wikipedia. It shows that the “free creative choices” and “author’s personal” touch criteria established by the CJEU might be unsuitable not only because of practical concerns, but also because the understanding of “author” they are based on does not match the understanding possessed by Wikipedia community. The concepts of author (or rather author and Wikipedian) are compared through three key elements: author’s relationship with work, author’s relationship with others and presumptions about author’s personality and creative process.
Fintech in the Exchange Industry: Potential for Disruption?
Authors: Geranio Manuela
Published: October 2017

The recent growth of financial technology ventures involves several types of financial players, including stock exchanges. Many of them are exploring blockchain applications to their multiple business lines, focusing in particular on post trading activities. Potential benefits include the reduction in counterparty risk and post trading costs as well as the increase of liquidity and transparency. At current stage exchanges are mainly exploring the technology looking for proofs of concept, with the exception of some more advanced projects like at Nasdaq and ASX. The mass adoption will require longer efforts and is expected to come in a decade, at least. Fintech developments are receiving strong attention also by regulators and international organizations, given the potential of distributed ledger technology for both competition enhancement and cyber risk reduction. A coordination between market players and regulators is essential to guarantee the effective implementation of new technologies, as their benefits can be delivered only in presence of a common framework and a proper management of risks.
ETF, Stock Exchange Interconnection and the Looming Problems
Authors: Lin Chien-Chung
Published: October 2017

The growing presence of the exchange-traded fund (ETF) has been a crucial development on the investment scene since its advent in the mid-1990s. The surge of popularity for ETFs, as well as the phenomenal pace of their growth, is a fact that can be observed everywhere in stock market trading. This paper examines the legal rules, the types and workings of ETFs, and their role in promoting stock exchange interconnection.The surge of ETFs does not come without its questions and concerns, however. With the analysis provided in this article, the potential problems, mostly notably the systemic risk showcased in the flash crash of August 24, 2015, and the inherent problem of derivative investing, are discussed. This paper concludes with a careful balancing of the benefits and perils presented by this innovative investment product.
Simple Mucinous Cyst of the Pancreas: Review and Update
Authors: Schechter Shula , Shi Jiaqi
Published: October 2017

Context.—

According to the 2014 Baltimore Consensus Meeting, simple mucinous cysts are defined as macroscopic cysts that are greater than 1 cm in size with gastric-type flat mucinous lining and minimal cytologic atypia without ovarian-type stroma. This lesion has not been widely recognized and has undergone a recent nomenclature change owing to unclear pathogenesis and biologic behavior. Mucinous pancreatic cystic lesions are generally considered precursor lesions of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. However, simple mucinous cysts generally have benign behavior with no recurrence or malignant transformation during short follow-up periods.

Objective.—

To provide a brief update and summary of the evolving nomenclature and current knowledge of simple mucinous cysts with an overview of their clinical, histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular characteristics, as well as discussion of their differential diagnoses and biological behavior.

Data Sources.—

Analysis of the pertinent literature (PubMed) and authors' clinical practice experience based on institutional and consultation materials.

Conclusions.—

Simple mucinous cyst has undergone a nomenclature evolution from mucinous nonneoplastic cyst to the current recommended name of simple mucinous cyst to reflect its unclear pathogenesis and progression. The malignant potential of simple mucinous cyst is still debatable. Recent molecular studies support a neoplastic process, but these cysts generally exhibit benign behavior without recurrence or malignant transformation. Therefore, accurate diagnosis of simple mucinous cysts is critical to distinguish them from other more common and aggressive mucinous pancreatic cysts. Studies with larger cohorts and longer clinical follow-up data are needed to further determine the biologic behavior of this cyst and implications for prognosis.
Innovation Initiative Focuses on New Technologies, Processes
Authors: Moore Randy
Published: October 2017

As detailed in Opflow's August 2017 Innovation Watch column, AWWA's Innovation Initiative launched a new strategic plan at the association's annual conference, ACE17, in Philadelphia. A diverse group of industry thought leaders worked together as an ad hoc committee, chaired by Peter Kraft, a principal with Confluence Group and co‐chair of the initiative, to draft the new plan with revised vision and mission statements: Vision Statement: To inspire and implement innovative best practices. Mission Statement: To advance a culture and structure for innovation to address the challenges facing the industry.
Coupling Tool Eases Pipe Repair
Authors: Almyda Steve
Published: October 2017

The Gravity Pipe Repair Coupling Tool is a device for installing SDR‐35 gasket repair couplings on pipe.
Curtumes artesanais sob a perspectiva da administração clássica
Authors: Santos Jaysa Eliude Aguiar dos , Apolinário Ana Karoliny Nascimento
Published: October 2017

O atual contexto organizacional é caracterizado pela dinâmica dos mercados, avanços tecnológicos e a necessidade de adaptação das organizações para sobreviver no ambiente competitivo. Assim, pela característica dinâmica, o ambiente organizacional acaba sendo balizado por modernas teorias administrativas. No entanto, é possível a identificação de setores e atividades que são regidos por princípios de teorias consagradas no passado, a exemplo da teoria clássica da administração. Nesse sentido, o seguinte problema de pesquisa foi levantado: os princípios descritos por Fayol na teoria clássica da administração consagrados no passado ainda são vigentes na gestão atual? Para responder a esse questionamento o seguinte objetivo foi colocado: verificar se os princípios descritos por Fayol na teoria clássica de administração consagrados no passado são vigentes na atividade de curtume artesanal de Cabaceiras (PB). Escolheu-se esse setor pela sua representatividade econômica, social e cultural para a região do Cariri paraibano. Para tanto, optou-se pela realização de um estudo exploratório e descritivo, pesquisa documental e realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com curtidores de couro e agentes de órgãos de apoio. Os dados foram tratados a partir da técnica análise de conteúdo descrita por Badin (1977). Os resultados apontam que os quatorze princípios de Fayol da Administração Clássica são perfeitamente identificados nos curtumes artesanais de Cabaceiras (PB).
La democracia directa a debate: procesos y mecanismos de participación ciudadana
Authors: Welp Yanina , Ordóñez Vicente
Published: October 2017

Que la democracia y los procesos de democratización no siguen caminos unidireccionales hacia un único fin o meta es una evidencia. Volver a leer los debates que se dieron durante la independencia de las colonias americanas y la revolución francesa a fines del siglo xviii y, poco más tarde, durante las discusiones que precedieron a la formación de la Confederación Suiza, son tan solo unas pocas pruebas de lo dicho.
Barcelona lidera el NO a l’economia col·laborativa capitalista
Authors: Molas Marta
Published: October 2017

Barcelona, juny de 2017: el primer dimarts del mes comença amb una vaga de 24 hores de taxistes de la ciutat en contra d’Uber i Cabify. Dissabte següent, columnes de tots els barris es concentren a la Plaça Universitat contra l’augment del lloguer induït, majoritàriament, pel turisme massiu, amb AirB&B –com no–, en el punt de mira. Barcelona 0 – Economia col·laborativa 1. Era això, companys, el què n’esperàvem de l’economia del segle XXI?
O currículo escolar e o fim das utopias pedagógicas: distopia ou reposicionamento de apostas?
Authors: Da Silva Thiesen Juares
Published: October 2017

No artigo, organizado no âmbito do grupo de pesquisa em currículo, analisa-se a relação entre currículo, utopia e futuro a partir de referenciais presentes em abordagens do pensamento fundacional e pós-fundacional - duas matrizes teóricas a partir das quais se travam significativos embates nas ciências humanas em geral e na educação em particular. O problema que se coloca é se vivemos um tempo de distopia pedagógica e curricular em razão da emergência de abordagens que defendem o fim das metanarrativas e dos projetos de futuro na educação ou trata-se de um reposicionamento de apostas com vistas a manutenção do modelo educacional vigente. Inicialmente apresentam-se elementos das utopias pedagógicas que tão bem marcaram a modernidade pela hegemonia do pensamento fundacional e o lugar do currículo nesse cenário. Em seguida discutem-se aspectos da dimensão pós-fundacional na educação e suas influências no campo do currículo, especialmente os elementos trazidos pelas teorias pós-estruturalistas, para finalmente defender-se que a atual sociedade burguesa vive tempos de acentuado fundacionismo tanto no âmbito das políticas educacionais e curriculares quanto nas formas de avaliação dos resultados da aprendizagem escolar e que não há, portanto, evidências de distopia pedagógica.
Educação como processo de iniciação: por uma didática raciovitalista no contexto da pós-modernidade — entrevista com o sociólogo Michel Maffesoli
Authors: D'Ávila Cristina
Published: October 2017

Entrevista realizada em abril de 2016, no contexto do pós-doutoramento por mim realizado, cuja pesquisa intitulou-se “Razão e sensibilidade na pedagogia universitária” (2015-2016), desenvolvido na Universidade Paris Sorbonne Cité (Descartes) no seio do CEAQ (Centro de Estudos sobre o Atual e o Cotidiano), com bolsa do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), sob supervisão do professor doutor Michel Maffesoli.
Site-specific monoubiquitination downregulates Rab5 by disrupting effector binding and guanine nucleotide conversion
Authors: Shin Donghyuk , Na Wooju , Lee Ji-Hyung , Kim Gyuhee , Baek Jiseok , Park Seok Hee , Choi Cheol Yong , Lee Sangho
Published: October 2017

Rab GTPases, which are involved in intracellular trafficking pathways, have recently been reported to be ubiquitinated. However, the functions of ubiquitinated Rab proteins remain unexplored. Here we show that Rab5 is monoubiquitinated on K116, K140, and K165. Upon co-transfection with ubiquitin, Rab5 exhibited abnormalities in endosomal localization and EGF-induced EGF receptor degradation. Rab5 K140R and K165R mutants restored these abnormalities, whereas K116R did not. We derived structural models of individual monoubiquitinated Rab5 proteins (mUbRab5s) by solution scattering and observed different conformational flexibilities in a site-specific manner. Structural analysis combined with biochemical data revealed that interactions with downstream effectors were impeded in mUbRab5K140, whereas GDP release and GTP loading activities were altered in mUbRab5K165. By contrast, mUbRab5K116 apparently had no effect. We propose a regulatory mechanism of Rab5 where monoubiquitination downregulates effector recruitment and GDP/GTP conversion in a site-specific manner.
Currents, transport, and thermohaline variability at the entrance to the Gulf of California (19–21 April 2013)
Authors: Castro Rubén , Collins Curtis A , Rago Thomas A , Margolina Tetyana , Navarro-Olache Luis F
Published: October 2017

Climatological data indicate that Gulf of California (GC) waters are warmed in spring by the exchange of waters with the Pacific Ocean. To better understand this exchange, hydrographic observations were collected across the entrance to the GC during 19–21 April 2013. Results indicated an anticyclonic exchange with the Pacific Ocean. Strong outflow of Gulf of California Water (GCW) occurred over the outer continental shelf and slope of Sinaloa with maximum velocities of 0.5 m·s–1 at ~60 m depth and reaching ~500 m depth. Inflow close to the Baja California Peninsula was weaker (0.1–0.2 m·s–1) and transported both California Current Water and GCW. Satellite altimeter data indicated a possible reason for this flow pattern at the entrance to the GC: a couple of eddies to the east blocked the usual path of California Current flow toward Sinaloa. Horizontal transports integrated across the gulf were calculated with observed velocity and geostrophic balance. Transports were greatest in the upper 200 m, with outflow above 500 m depth, implying a net cooling of these upper layer waters in the gulf. Observations were compared with data collected in early May 1992. April 2013 exhibited much greater thermohaline variability in the upper ocean than May 1992, when a well developed cyclonic flow was observed at the entrance to the GC. The transports estimated with Pegasus for April–May 1992 were very different from those estimated for April 2013, when inflow (and heat gain) dominated above 500 m depth. The contrast between the 2013 and 1992 measurements is an example of how mesoscale eddies can reverse normal seasonal exchanges at the entrance to the GC.
Depth‐Dependent Geometry of the Liquiñe‐Ofqui Fault Zone and Its Relation to Paths of Slab‐Derived Fluids
Authors: Catalán N. , Bataille K. , Araya R.
Published: October 2017

Using a nonhomogeneous elastic model for the south Chile subduction zone, we calculate the depth‐dependent geometry of the Liquiñe‐Ofqui Fault Zone (LOFZ), considering that faults develop where shear stress is maximum. Shear stress develops due to the oblique subduction process, depending on shear modulus which varies as a function of the amount of fluids within the overriding plate. Regions with different values of shear modulus are obtained by the geometries of isotherms calculated from a thermal model. Based on the principle that fluids move from higher to lower pressure regions, we calculate paths of fluids from the subducting slab toward the free surface. In the vicinity of the volcanic arc, the obtained fluid paths agree with the geometry of the LOFZ, suggesting that margin‐parallel strike‐slip faults could serve as pathways for fluids through the overriding plate in oblique subduction zones.
TGF Afterglows: A New Radiation Mechanism From Thunderstorms
Authors: Rutjes C. , Diniz G. , Ferreira I. S. , Ebert U.
Published: October 2017

Thunderstorms are known to create terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) which are microsecond‐long bursts created by runaway of thermal electrons from propagating lightning leaders, as well as gamma ray glows that possibly are created by relativistic runaway electron avalanches (RREA) that can last for minutes or more and are sometimes terminated by a discharge. In this work we predict a new intermediate thunderstorm radiation mechanism, which we call TGF afterglow, as it is caused by the capture of photonuclear neutrons produced by a TGF. TGF afterglows are milliseconds to seconds long; this duration is caused by the thermalization time of the intermediate neutrons. TGF afterglows indicate that the primary TGF has produced photons in the energy range of 10–30 MeV; they are nondirectional in contrast to the primary TGF. Gurevich et al. might have reported TGF afterglows in 2011.
The 2015 Mw7.2 Sarez Strike‐Slip Earthquake in the Pamir Interior: Response to the Underthrusting of India's Western Promontory
Authors: Metzger Sabrina , Schurr Bernd , Ratschbacher Lothar , Sudhaus Henriette , Kufner Sofia‐Katerina , Schöne Tilo , Zhang Yong , Perry Mason , Bendick Rebecca
Published: October 2017

The Pamir orogen, Central Asia, is the result of the ongoing northward advance of the Indian continent causing shortening inside Asia. Geodetic and seismic data place the most intense deformation along the northern rim of the Pamir, but the recent 7 December 2015, Mw7.2 Sarez earthquake occurred in the Pamir's interior. We present a distributed slip model of this earthquake using coseismic geodetic data and postseismic field observations. The earthquake ruptured an ∼80 km long, subvertical, sinistral fault consisting of three right‐stepping segments from the surface to ∼30 km depth with a maximum slip of three meters in the upper 10 km of the crust. The coseismic slip model agrees well with en échelon secondary surface breaks that are partly influenced by liquefaction‐induced mass movements. These structures reveal up to 2 m of sinistral offset along the northern, low‐offset segment of modeled rupture. The 2015 event initiated close to the presumed epicenter of the 1911 Mw∼7.3 Lake Sarez earthquake, which had a similar strike‐slip mechanism. These earthquakes highlight the importance of NE trending sinistral faults in the active tectonics of the Pamir. Strike‐slip deformation accommodates shear between the rapidly northward moving eastern Pamir and the Tajik basin in the west and is part of the westward (lateral) extrusion of thickened Pamir plateau crust into the Tajik basin. The Sarez‐Karakul fault system and the two large Sarez earthquakes likely are crustal expressions of the underthrusting of the northwestern leading edge of the Indian mantle lithosphere beneath the Pamir.
An Iodine‐Mediated Hofmann‐Löffler‐Freytag Reaction of Sulfoximines Leading to Dihydroisothiazole Oxides
Authors: Zhang Duo , Wang Han , Cheng Hanchao , Hernández José G. , Bolm Carsten
Published: October 2017

A Hofmann‐Löffler‐Freytag type cyclization reaction of S‐aryl‐S‐phenylpropyl sulfoximines (and related derivatives) was developed. Using molecular iodine as the initiator under visible light a series of five‐membered cyclic products was obtained in moderate to high yields. The approach represents a new strategy for the synthesis of dihydroisothiazole oxides and benzo[d]isothiazoles‐1‐oxides.

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Assessment of Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacological Effect of Orally Administered CORT125134: An Adaptive, Double‐Blind, Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Phase 1 Clinical Study
Authors: Hunt Hazel , Donaldson Kirsteen , Strem Mark , Zann Vanessa , Leung Pui , Sweet Suzanne , Connor Alyson , Combs Dan , Belanoff Joseph
Published: October 2017

CORT125134 is an orally active, high‐affinity, selective antagonist of the glucocorticoid receptor that is being developed for indications that may benefit from the modulation of cortisol activity. This first‐in‐human study was conducted to evaluate the dose‐related safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacological effects of CORT125134 and its active metabolite CORT125201. Eighty‐one healthy male or female subjects received a single dose of 5 to 500 mg CORT125134 or matching placebo across 9 cohorts; 1 cohort received 150 mg CORT125134 after a high‐fat breakfast; and 46 subjects received 50 to 500 mg CORT125134 or matching placebo once daily for up to 14 days across 4 cohorts. CORT125134 was well tolerated at doses up to 250 mg per day for 14 days. CORT125134 was absorbed rapidly and eliminated with a mean half‐life ranging from 11 to 19 hours. Steady state was achieved by day 7. Exposure increased in a greater than proportional manner, particularly at lower doses. Exposure to CORT125201 at steady state was less than 5% that of parent CORT125134. Evidence for the desired pharmacological effect (glucocorticoid receptor antagonism) was demonstrated by the ability of CORT125134 to prevent several effects of the glucocorticoid receptor agonist prednisone.
Liver fibrosis score predicts mortality in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Yoshihisa Akiomi , Sato Yu , Yokokawa Tetsuro , Sato Takamasa , Suzuki Satoshi , Oikawa Masayoshi , Kobayashi Atsushi , Yamaki Takayoshi , Kunii Hiroyuki , Nakazato Kazuhiko , Saitoh Shu‐ichi , Takeishi Yasuchika
Published: October 2017

Aims

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has several pathophysiological aspects, including stiffness and/or congestion of multiple organs. Poor prognosis is expected in heart failure patients with liver stiffness, which has recently been assessed by non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS; based on aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio, platelet counts, and albumin). We aimed to investigate the impact of NFS on prognosis of HFpEF patients, with consideration for the peripheral collagen markers such as procollagen type III peptide (PIIIP), type IV collagen 7S, and hyaluronic acid.

Methods and results

We performed a prospective observational study. Consecutive 492 hospitalized HFpEF patients were divided into four groups based on their NFS: first–fourth quartiles (n = 123). The fourth quartile group had the highest levels of PIIIP, type IV collagen 7S, hyaluronic acid, and B‐type natriuretic peptide (P<0.001 each). In addition, there were significant positive correlations between PIIIP, type IV collagen 7S, hyaluronic acid, B‐type natriuretic peptide, and NFS (P < 0.001 each). In the follow‐up period (mean 1107 days), 93 deaths occurred. All‐cause mortality increased in all four quartiles (8.1%, 12.2%, 23.6%, and 31.7%, P < 0.001). In the multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis, NFS was an independent predictor of all‐cause mortality in the HFpEF patients.

Conclusions

NFS, a novel indicator of liver fibrosis, correlates with circulating systemic markers of fibrosis and congestion and is associated with higher all‐cause mortality in HFpEF patients. NFS can be calculated simply and may be a useful tool to assess liver stiffness and prognosis in HFpEF patients.
Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Tetrahydronaphtho[2,1‐f]isoquinolines by Using Domino Pictet–Spengler/Friedel–Crafts‐Type Reactions
Authors: Khunnawutmanotham Nisachon , Sahakitpichan Poolsak , Chimnoi Nitirat , Techasakul Supanna
Published: October 2017

This study describes a facile and efficient one‐pot method for the synthesis of a tetrahydronaphtho[2,1‐f]isoquinoline alkaloid. An N‐protected amino aldehyde biaryl substrate underwent domino Pictet–Spengler/Friedel–Crafts‐type cyclization reactions to produce the tetrahydronaphtho[2,1‐f]isoquinoline skeleton. Litebamine, a naturally occurring compound, was prepared by using the proposed approach to exemplify its utility.
Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions of Apatinib With Rifampin and Itraconazole
Authors: Liu Xiaoyun , Zhang Yifan , Chen Qian , Zhan Yan , Wang Quanren , Hu Chaoying , Yu Chen , Guo Zitao , Chen Xiaoyan , Zhong Dafang
Published: October 2017

Apatinib is a small‐molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has been approved for the treatment of patients with advanced‐stage gastric cancer or gastroesophageal junction cancer who have progressed or recurred after at least 2 kinds of systemic chemotherapy. In vitro data indicate that cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 is the primary CYP isoenzyme involved in the metabolism of apatinib. Pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactions of apatinib and (1) a CYP3A4 inducer (rifampin) or (2) a CYP3A inhibitor (itraconazole) were clinically evaluated in healthy volunteers. Compared with the single administration of apatinib, its coadministration with rifampin resulted in a 5.6‐fold plasma clearance (CL/F) and 83% decrease in plasma AUC0–t of apatinib. By contrast, coadministration with itraconazole reduced the CL/F of apatinib by 40% and increased its AUC0–t by 75%. In summary, a strong CYP3A4 inducer (rifampin) had a strong effect (>5‐fold) on the clinical pharmacokinetics of apatinib, whereas a strong CYP3A inhibitor (itraconazole 100 mg once a day) had a weak effect (1.25‐ to 2‐fold). Whether these effects are of clinical significance needs further research and information about the exposure–safety and exposure–efficacy relationship of apatinib.
Novel use of aliphatic n‐methyl ketones as a fumigant and alternative to methyl bromide for insect control
Authors: Zhu Jiwei , Dhammi Anirudh , van Kretschmar Jaap B , Vargo Edward L , Apperson Charles S , Michael Roe R
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

Fumigants like phosphine, methyl bromide and sulfuryl fluoride are highly effective for the control of structural, storage and agricultural arthropod pests. Unfortunately, many of these synthetic compounds are highly toxic to people, many pests have developed resistance to these compounds and methyl bromide, the ‘gold standard’ for fumigants, was de‐registered because of its contribution to depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer. Alternative fumigant chemistry is needed.

RESULTS

Several plant species produce n‐aliphatic methyl ketones to prevent plant herbivory. To examine the use of methyl ketones as a fumigant, structure–mortality studies were conducted using the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, as a model. A new easy‐to‐use, inexpensive and disposable bioassay system was developed for this study. The LC50 values for heptanone, octanone, nonanone and undecanone were 4.27, 5.11, 5.26 and 8.21 µg/cm3 of ambient air, respectively. Although heptanone, octanone and nonanone were more effective than undecanone, subsequent research was conducted with 2‐undecanone because this compound already has US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) registration as a biopesticide. In dose–response field studies, 12.4 mL of undecanone injected into mounds was the lowest application rate that produced no ant activity in the mound with no re‐establishment of ants. Reagent grade undecanone was more cost‐effective than methyl bromide for fire ants, adult German cockroaches and tobacco budworm eggs, but slightly more expensive for adult flour beetles.

CONCLUSION

The naturally occurring methyl ketone undecanone has the potential to be an alternative to current fumigants for a variety of pest applications. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Production Risk, Farmer Welfare, and Bt Corn in the Philippines
Authors: Sanglestsawai Santi , Rodriguez Divina Gracia P. , Rejesus Roderick M. , Yorobe Jose M.
Published: October 2017

We determine the production risk effects and welfare implications of single-trait Bt corn adoption in the Philippines. We use a stochastic production function estimation approach that allows for examining the skewness effects of Bt within a damage abatement specification. Our results indicate that Bt corn has a statistically significant yield increasing, risk-increasing (i.e., variance-increasing) and downside risk-reducing (i.e., skewness-increasing) effects. Based on risk premium, certainty equivalent, and loss probability welfare measures, Bt corn farmers in the Philippines are better-off (in absolute terms) relative to non-Bt farmers given Bt corn's dominant yield increasing effect and downside risk-reducing effect.
Concluding Observations on Sovereignty in Cyberspace
Authors: Corn Gary P. , Taylor Robert
Published: October 2017

In Sovereignty in Cyberspace: Lex Lata Vel Non?, Michael Schmitt and Liis Vihul argue that territorial sovereignty is a primary rule of international law that limits cyber activities. They recognize, however, that not all cyber effects constitute violations of territorial sovereignty, and like Rule 4 in the Tallinn Manual 2.0 and its commentary, they acknowledge a distinct lack of consensus among the Tallinn participants on the critical question of applicable thresholds. Problematically, they do not identify the necessary state practice and opinio juris that would be required to establish either the primary rule that they proffer or the existence and contours of the exception they would recognize.
Patient Safety Culture and the Ability to Improve: A Proof of Concept Study on Hand Hygiene
Authors: Caris Martine G. , Kamphuis Pim G. A. , Dekker Mireille , de Bruijne Martine C. , van Agtmael Michiel A. , Vandenbroucke-Grauls Christina M. J. E.
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE

To investigate whether the safety culture of a hospital unit is associated with the ability to improve.

DESIGN

Qualitative investigation of safety culture on hospital units following a before-and-after trial on hand hygiene.

SETTING

VU University Medical Center, a tertiary-care hospital in the Netherlands.

METHODS

With support from hospital management, we implemented a hospital-wide program to improve compliance. Over 2 years, compliance was measured through direct observation, twice before, and 4 times after interventions. We analyzed changes in compliance from baseline, and selected units to evaluate safety culture using a positive deviance approach: the hospital unit with the highest hand hygiene compliance and 2 units that showed significant improvement (21% and 16%, respectively) were selected as high performing. Another 2 units showed no improvement and were selected as low performing. A blinded, independent observer conducted interviews with unit management, physicians, and nurses, based on the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. Safety culture was categorized as pathological (lowest level), reactive, bureaucratic, proactive, or generative (highest level).

RESULTS

Overall, 3 units showed a proactive or generative safety culture and 2 units had bureaucratic or pathological safety cultures. When comparing compliance and interview results, high-performing units showed high levels of safety culture, while low-performing units showed low levels of safety culture.

CONCLUSIONS

Safety culture is associated with the ability to improve hand hygiene. Interventions may not be effective when applied in units with low levels of safety culture. Although additional research is needed to corroborate our findings, the safety culture on a unit can benefit from enhancement strategies such as team-building exercises. Strengthening the safety culture before implementing interventions could aid improvement and prevent nonproductive interventions.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2017;38:1277–1283
The role of temporal flexibility on person–environment fit and job satisfaction
Authors: Irak Doruk Uysal , Mantler Janet
Published: October 2017

The present study investigated the role of temporal flexibility on three conceptualizations of person–environment fit and job satisfaction. Data were collected from 320 full-time employees in Canada and America. Using structural equation modeling, it was found that temporal flexibility was directly related to increased job satisfaction and indirectly related to job satisfaction through supplementary fit, demands–abilities fit, and needs–supplies fit. Moreover, supplementary fit and demands–abilities fit were influential on perceptions of needs–supplies fit, although we acknowledge that additional research is required to further explore our novel findings of the relative relationships between the three conceptualizations of person–environment fit. The present research supports the idea that giving employees greater control over their schedule increases their autonomy, thus helping to satisfy a core psychological need. Organizations that provide employees with the opportunity to choose their own schedules may be more likely to retain satisfied and committed people who believe they fit well with their employer.