bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traveling Material↔Semiotic Environments of Disability, Rehabilitation, and Physical Activity
Authors: Monforte Javier , Pérez-Samaniego Víctor , Smith Brett
Published: December 2018

In this article, we apply narrative dialogism and new materialism to health research. We examine how material↔semiotic environments (MSEs) affect the rehabilitation process of Patrick, a man who exercised with the aim to recover from spinal cord injury. The MSEs are considered embedded subcases within the overall holistic case of Patrick. Three MSEs were identified: the hospital gym, the personal gym, and the adapted gym. These are examined using the analytical lens of assemblages. First, the mutually affecting components of each MSE are described. Second, a larger environmental assemblage is identified, which is termed exercise-is-restitution assemblage. This composite assemblage illuminates the associations between the three MSEs, and reveals how restitution resonated across time and space. The article contributes to the literature by reconceptualizing restitution. It highlights the importance of the materiality of health-related narratives, and it reveals the potential of MSE for transforming rehabilitation and improving exercise promotion and maintenance.
Exploring the “Evil Twin of Global Warming”: Public Understanding of Ocean Acidification in the United States
Authors: Cooke Sandra L. , Kim Sojung C.
Published: December 2018

Ocean acidification (OA) occurs when carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves into oceans. OA and climate change are both caused by anthropogenic CO2 emissions, and many scientists consider them equally critical problems. We assess if preexisting beliefs, ideologies, value predispositions, and demographics affect OA perceptions among the U.S. public. Nearly 80% of respondents know little about OA, but concern increased following a message explaining OA and climate change, especially among females, liberals, and climate change believers. OA information seeking intentions and research support were also greater among females, liberals, and climate change believers. We discuss implications for efforts to increase OA public awareness.
Plasma rich in growth factors for the treatment of dry eye from patients with graft versus host diseases
Authors: Sanchez-Avila Ronald M , Merayo-Lloves Jesus , Muruzabal Francisco , Orive Gorka , Anitua Eduardo
Published: December 2018

Purpose:

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of plasma rich in growth factors eye drops for the treatment of corneal and ocular surface disorders in patients with graft versus host disease.

Methods:

This retrospective and longitudinal study included graft versus host disease patients with ocular disorders. The resolution of corneal ulcers (area and density staining) was evaluated as primary outcome. Best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, tear film breakup time, Schirmer test, ocular surface disease index, and visual analog score were evaluated as secondary outcomes. All variables were analyzed before and after plasma rich in growth factors treatment. The safety of plasma rich in growth factors treatment was also assessed.

Results:

Twelve patients (23 eyes) with ocular graft versus host disease were evaluated. Statistically significant improvement in the area (75.7%) and density (73.3%) of the corneal staining, in best corrected visual acuity (74.7%), in ocular surface disease index scale (75.4%), visual analog score frequency (81.4%) and visual analog score severity (81.9%), and an increase of 3.8 s in tear film breakup time and 6 mm in Schirmer test was observed after plasma rich in growth factors treatment (p < 0.001). Some potential modifiers of the therapeutic effect were identified. All patients achieved corneal stability without perforation risk. No adverse events associated with the plasma rich in growth factors were observed.

Conclusion:

Immunosafe plasma rich in growth factors eye drops for the treatment of patients with ocular graft versus host disease could be safe and effective, showing a high rate of corneal ulcer resolution and dry eye disease control. Plasma rich in growth factors eye drops may help to maintain corneal stability and prevent it against higher ocular complications.
Aerobic Respiration: Criticism of the Proton-centric Explanation Involving Rotary Adenosine Triphosphate Synthesis, Chemiosmosis Principle, Proton Pumps and Electron Transport Chain
Authors: Manoj Kelath Murali
Published: December 2018

The acclaimed explanation for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (mOxPhos, or cellular respiration) is a deterministic proton-centric scheme involving four components: Rotary adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-synthesis, Chemiosmosis principle, Proton pumps, and Electron transport chain (abbreviated as RCPE hypothesis). Within this write-up, the RCPE scheme is critically analyzed with respect to mitochondrial architecture, proteins’ distribution, structure-function correlations and their interactive dynamics, overall reaction chemistry, kinetics, thermodynamics, evolutionary logic, and so on. It is found that the RCPE proposal fails to explain key physiological aspects of mOxPhos in several specific issues and also in holistic perspectives. Therefore, it is imperative to look for new explanations for mOxPhos.
Does receiving advice from Voter Advice Applications (VAAs) affect public opinion in deeply divided societies? Evidence from a field experiment in Northern Ireland
Authors: Garry John , Tilley James , Matthews Neil , Mendez Fernando , Wheatley Jonathan
Published: December 2018

Despite the global growth in the use of Voter Advice Applications (VAAs), which advise users on how similar their own policy views are to the policy positions of the political parties, there have been few field experiments that isolate the causal effects of VAA use on party support. Nor has there been much investigation of how VAAs may help to ameliorate ethnically based voting divisions by refocusing voter attention on other issues. This article draws on evidence from a field experiment in the deeply divided context of Northern Ireland. We find that at the individual level party preferences are somewhat more closely related to voter ideology after the provision of advice. Yet, at the aggregate level, we find no evidence that advice leads to weaker ethno-national structuring of party support. These results suggest that while receiving advice from VAAs has some impact on users’ party preferences, there is no observable overall impact on support levels for the ethno-national blocs in Northern Ireland.
Vitafiction and virality: Celebrities fictionalizing the self online
Authors: Jacobsen Louise Brix
Published: December 2018

Celebrities playing fictionalized versions of themselves in commercials, campaigns, and video spots have become an increasingly viral phenomenon. The George Clooney commercials for Nespresso are circulated and promoted on various media platforms, segments from The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon are released on NBC.com and shared on YouTube, and some videos are explicitly created to go viral and even published on social media sites. In this article, I draw on recent work in fictionality studies and studies of virality to investigate how the celebrity trend of ‘vitafiction’ possesses a viral potential. In vitafictional performances, the relationship between fiction and reality is thematized through a concurrent surplus of fictionality and biographical details, which invites recipients to negotiate between the celebrity’s performance and the receiver’s media cultural knowledge. Taking vitafictional performances in two online circulated spots as case studies – ‘Bono rides a bike with Jimmy Fallon’, a spot for The Tonight Show starring Jimmy Fallon, and Peter Jackson’s Facebook video post ‘Home Invasion’, a video that thematizes Jackson’s role as director of an episode of Doctor Who – this article demonstrates how the equivocality that is central to the vitafictional performance comprises a force that prompts receivers to circulate the vitafictional message. It is argued that the mediatization of society and the virality that this brings about create new possibilities for the impact of this kind of celebrity self-fashioning.
Crisis bargaining in the European Union: Formal rules or market pressure?
Authors: Finke Daniel , Bailer Stefanie
Published: December 2018

To what extent did the European Monetary Union crisis alter the logic of European Union decision making? We analyze the relevance of asymmetric market pressures as compared to that of formal voting and agenda setting rules by applying three established bargaining models to the ‘EMU Positions’ data. Accounting for the interdependence between issues and agreements, we locate actors’ positions on three reform dimensions, namely the level of fiscal discipline, transfer payments and institutionalization. We find that market pressure during the height of the Eurozone crisis was particularly relevant, and that debtor countries were weakened by their difficulty in refinancing their public debt. Our finding shows that formal rules determining agenda setting and veto rights remain relevant even in times of crisis.
Environmental Action at the Checkout Line: A Functional Approach to Green Consumer Behavior
Authors: Gotlieb Melissa R.
Published: December 2018

This study applies functional theories of attitudes to suggest how distinct needs of the private, public, and collective facets of self may differently guide green consumer behavior in the pursuit of value-expressive, social-approval, and social-identification needs and how this may have implications for whether interest in purchasing eco-friendly products leads to action or stops short at desire. In particular, it examines how advertising manipulated to increase the relative salience of these needs alters how they each relate to purchase intention and willingness to pay for an eco-friendly product. The findings revealed that when the product was positioned as aiding in the expression of environmental concern, value-expressive needs motivated greater purchase intention and willingness to pay; however, when the product was positioned as aiding in self-enhancement, social-approval needs motivated greater purchase intention but not willingness to pay. Conversely, when the product was positioned as aiding in identification, social-identification needs did not motivate either outcome. This provides evidence that targeting more internalized sources of motivation (i.e., environmental concern) is an effective strategy for increasing both desire and action, whereas targeting less internalized sources of motivation (i.e., self-enhancement needs) may increase desire but is not sufficient to overcome the higher cost of eco-friendly products as a barrier to actual purchase. This study has important implications for identifying best practices for the development of social marketing, activist, and advertising campaigns that will more effectively promote environmental action at the checkout line.
Association of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Monoubiquitinated FANCD2-DNA Damage Repair Pathway Genes With Breast Cancer in the Chinese Population
Authors: Chen Fei-Yu , Wang Hao , Li Hui , Hu Xue-Li , Dai Xu , Wang Shou-Man , Yan Guo-Jiao , Jiang Ping-Lan , Hu Yuan-Ping , Huang Juan , Tang Li-Li
Published: December 2018

Objective:

The aim of the study was to estimate breast cancer risk conferred by individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms of breast cancer susceptibility genes.

Methods:

We analyzed the 48 tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms of 8 breast cancer susceptibility genes involved in the monoubiquitinated FANCD2–DNA damage repair pathway in 734 Chinese women with breast cancer and 672 age-matched healthy controls.

Results:

Forty-five tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms were successfully genotyped by SNPscan, and the call rates for each tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms were above 98.9%. We found that 13 tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms of 5 genes ( Parter and localizer of Breast cancer gene2 ( PALB2), Tumour protein 53 ( TP53), Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1, Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 ( PTEN), and Breast cancer gene 1 ( BRCA1-interacting protein 1)) were significantly associated with breast cancer risk. A total of 5 tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2299941 of PTEN, rs2735385, rs6999227, rs1805812, and rs1061302 of Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1) were tightly associated with breast cancer risk in sporadic cases, and 5 other tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1042522 of TP53, rs2735343 of PTEN, rs7220719, rs16945628, and rs11871753 of BRCA1-interacting protein 1) were tightly associated with breast cancer risk in familial and early-onset cases.

Conclusions:

Some of the tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms of 5 genes ( PALB2, TP53, Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1, PTEN, and BRCA1-interacting protein 1) involved in the monoubiquitinated FANCD2–DNA damage repair pathway were significantly associated with breast cancer risk.
Distinct and Overlapping Dimensions of Reading Motivation in Commonly Used Measures in Schools
Authors: Neugebauer Sabina R. , Fujimoto Ken A.
Published: December 2018

The current investigation addresses critiques about motivation terminology and instrumentation by examining together three commonly used reading motivation assessments in schools. This study explores the distinctiveness and redundancies of the constructs operationalized in these reading motivation assessments with 222 middle school students, using item response theory. Results support distinctions between constructs grounded in self-determination theory, social cognitive theory, and expectancy-value theory as well as conceptual overlap, among constructs associated with competence beliefs and social sources of motivation across different theoretical traditions. Educational benefits of multidimensional and unidimensional interpretations of reading motivation constructs covered in these instruments are discussed.
When Do Followers Compensate for Leader Silence? The Motivating Role of Leader Injustice
Authors: Zill Alexander , Knoll Michael , Cook Alexandra (Sasha) , Meyer Bertolt
Published: December 2018

Leaders are important for overcoming silence in organizations, because they can serve as role models and facilitate voice, for example, by being just. However, at times, leaders themselves remain silent. In such instances, trickle-down models of leadership and role-modeling theory suggest that leader silence results in follower silence. Drawing on research on laissez-faire leadership and coping, we challenge these approaches proposing that team members can compensate for their leader’s silence. This compensatory effect, in turn, is proposed to be contingent on followers’ justice perceptions, although in a counterintuitive way: Drawing on the fairness heuristic and collective action research, we propose that perceiving the leader as unjust makes it less likely that followers use their leader as a role model and can motivate followers to overcome fear and resignation, eventually resulting in followers’ speaking up in cases when leaders fail to do so. Results from two studies in organizations support our assumption that jointly considering leader and follower silence can reveal surprising effects and thus inspire new research complementing current approaches to overcome silence and its detrimental effects for organizations and their stakeholders. Additionally, we discuss theoretical and practical implications regarding the role of leaders, followers, and context as antecedents of silence.
Endoscopic Removal of Noneroded Nonadjustable Gastric Bands Using Induced Mucosal Erosion With a Stent, and Review of the Literature
Authors: Hassan Tareq M. , Ontiveros Estrellita , Davis Daniel , Leeds Steven G.
Published: December 2018

Background. Laparoscopic removal of noneroded nonadjustable gastric bands (NAGBs) may lead to major life-threatening complications. A minimally invasive approach involving endoscopic removal by induced mucosal erosion with a stent (IMES) has been used in a few publications to remove NAGBs. Objective. To examine a minimally invasive endoscopic approach to removal of a NAGB. Setting. A large tertiary/quaternary referral hospital. Methods. We report 4 patients that underwent IMES at our institution and present a literature review of published cases. The procedure includes using an endoscopically placed fully covered stent through the NAGB stricture to cause erosion of the mucosa where the stent is putting direct pressure. After a predetermined length of time, the stent is removed with the NAGB and without a laparoscopic or open procedure. Primary endpoint for our cohort was successful removal to the NAGB with IMES. Secondary endpoints included interval of time to retrieval of the stent, complications from IMES, presenting symptoms, and type of NAGB. These endpoints were then compared with previous publications indicating the use of IMES. Results. Three of 4 patients were female with a mean age of 64.5 years. All patients had the NAGB successfully removed with IMES. The mean time for NAGB and stent removal after insertion was 17.5 days. No major complications were noted. Two patients had post-IMES strictures and were managed by balloon dilation. Conclusion. Endoscopic removal of NAGBs is a safe and feasible procedure for NAGB removal and can be used in place of laparoscopic surgery.
Masculinity, Mental Health, and Desire for Social Support Among Male Cancer and Infertility Patients
Authors: Miner Skye A. , Daumler Davis , Chan Peter , Gupta Abha , Lo Kirk , Zelkowitz Phyllis
Published: December 2018

By surveying men who are currently infertile ( N = 251) and men who are potentially infertile (i.e., men with cancer; N = 195), the mental health consequences of reproductive masculinity, or the cultural assumption that men are virile and should be fathers, were investigated. There was no difference in depression levels between these two groups when controlling for demographic variables, suggesting that both groups of men have similar mental health needs. Since gendered notions of masculinity also suggest that men do not want to discuss their fertility health, their desire for online fertility-related social support was assessed. These findings suggest that most men do want to talk to others about fertility, which indicates that there is a need for more fertility-related social support. This research challenges some conceptions regarding masculinity, as men revealed an interest in accessing online social support related to fertility.
Inverse kinematics of asymmetric octahedral variable geometry truss manipulator with obstacle avoidance through inexact interior point optimization
Authors: Zhao Yanchun , Hu Shiqiang , Yang Yongsheng
Published: December 2018

This article studies the inverse kinematics for asymmetric octahedral variable geometry truss manipulator with obstacle avoidance. The inverse kinematics problem is cast as a nonconvex optimization that having quadratic objective function subject to quadratic constraints. This article uses an inexact interior point optimization to solve it, which is developed on the basis of the imprecise algorithm Ipopt. According to the particularity of our actual optimization problem, each iteration undergoes specific modifications so as to minimize the memory consumption as well as computation time. Utilizing the sparse and binary characteristics of the coefficient matrix, respectively, the algorithm allocates the computation to the finite sparse matrix vector multiplication and changes the storage form, which greatly reduces the memory space. Based on the unique rules of inverse kinematics, the iteration direction of the algorithm becomes more clear. With the aid of mechanical constraints inherent in the manipulator, the algorithm omits the feasibility recovery part that embedded in the solver Ipopt. All these make us save the operation time greatly while utilizing Ipopt algorithm. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, the scheme was applied to obstacle avoidance inverse kinematics of variable geometry truss manipulator with three modules.
The puzzle of sex, gender and Alzheimer’s disease: Why are women more often affected than men?
Authors: Andrew Melissa K , Tierney Mary C
Published: December 2018

Objective:

There are impressive differences in the incidence, prevalence and experience of women and men with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Notably, two-thirds of those with AD, the most common form of dementia, are women. Our objective was to provide a literature-based framework to understand these sex and gender differences in AD.

Methods:

We conducted a narrative review to examine sex and gender influences on AD.

Results:

We present a framework to understanding why these sex and gender differences exist in AD. This includes the influence of longevity (women live longer than men), biological differences (hormonal differences, epigenetics and frailty), differences in cognitive performance (women and men tend to perform differently on some cognitive tests), and gendered social roles and opportunities (educational and occupational opportunities, functional roles post-retirement). Our review clearly indicates the complex interaction of these sex and gender differences and variability within each.

Conclusions:

Given these important sex and gender differences in AD, we provide recommendations and steps forward describing how both sex and gender should be considered in dementia diagnosis and management and in the design and implementation of dementia research, including studies of caregiving interventions and models of dementia care.
User Experiences of an Electronic Personal Health Record for Diabetes
Authors: Conway Nicholas Thomas , Allardice Brian , Wake Deborah Jane , Cunningham Scott Gordon
Published: December 2018

Background:

My Diabetes My Way (MDMW) is an electronic personal health record (ePHR) that provides access to educational resources and clinical data to people with diabetes in Scotland. This questionnaire study aims to assess user experience, barriers to access, and inform future development.

Methods:

All active MDMW users (n = 3797) were invited to complete an online questionnaire in May 2015, surveying usage patterns and system utility. A “utility score” was calculated, based on responses to Likert-scale questions and used as the dependent variable within regression analysis, with demographic features as independent predictors. Free-text responses were analyzed thematically and presented using descriptive statistics.

Results:

A total of 1095/3797 (27.5%) active users completed the survey. Of them, 690/1095 (63%) were male. There was representation of all age and socioeconomic groups. Respondents were positive regarding the system utility, which met expectations. The majority of respondents believed that online access to diabetes information has the potential to improve diabetes self-care within the population. The most valued features were personal clinical data associated visualizations. Th main problems cited were data accuracy and system access (ie, log-in procedure). Perceived usefulness of the system was inversely associated with duration of diabetes, which was the only significant predictor of utility score.

Conclusions:

This study has demonstrated that MDMW users find the system useful in supporting diabetes self-management. The system was found to have greatest utility among those most recently diagnosed with diabetes. This study has informed further development of the service, including enhancing data visualization and the need to improve access to the system.
Ivacaftor, a Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Potentiator, Enhances Ciprofloxacin Activity Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Cho Do-Yeon , Lim Dong Jin , Mackey Calvin , Skinner Daniel , Zhang Shaoyan , McCormick Justin , Woodworth Bradford A.
Published: December 2018

Background

Methods to improve the clinical efficacy of currently available antibiotics against multidrug resistant bacteria in cystic fibrosis (CF) chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are greatly needed. Ivacaftor, a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator potentiator, was recently identified as having potentially beneficial off-target effects as a weak inhibitor of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. The objective of the current study is to evaluate whether ivacaftor enhances the antimicrobial activity of ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Methods

The planktonic growth of the PAO-1 strain of P. aeruginosa was studied in the presence of ciprofloxacin and/or ivacaftor. Effects were measured according to optical density of cultured PAO-1 at 600 nm. For a static PAO-1 biofilm assay, the PAO-1 strain was inoculated and cultured for 72 h in the presence of the drugs. Formed PAO-1 biofilms were quantified by crystal violet staining and imaged with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results

PAO-1 growth was significantly reduced in the presence of ivacaftor (8 or 16 µg/mL) and ciprofloxacin (0.02 or 0.05 µg/mL) compared to ciprofloxacin alone ( P < .001). Similarly, ivacaftor (8 or 16 µg/mL) showed a significant reduction of PAO-1 biofilms when treated with 0.05 µg/mL of ciprofloxacin. Significant synergism was noted between ciprofloxacin and 16 µg/mL of ivacaftor ( P < .0001) in reducing planktonic growth and biofilm formation. Quantitative measurements with crystal violet staining were correlated to CLSM and SEM images.

Conclusion

Ivacaftor enhanced ciprofloxacin’s antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa. Further studies evaluating the efficacy of ivacaftor/ciprofloxacin combination for P. aeruginosa for CF CRS are warranted.
Inhibitory effect of Gypsophila oldhamiana gypsogenin on NCI-N87 gastric cancer cell line
Authors: Liu Yutao , Li Xu , Jiang Shanling , Ge Quanli
Published: December 2018

Gastric cancer is one of the major cancers threatening people’s lives worldwide. Recent studies showed that Gypsophila oldhamiana gypsogenin (GOG) exhibits inhibition effects and cytotoxic activities against different cell lines. The aim of this study was to explore the inhibitory effect and dose response of GOG on gastric cancer cell line NCI-N87 and to provide the theoretical basis for clinical anti-tumor therapy. The experiments showed that GOG could inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of human gastric cancer cell line NCI-N87. GOG could dose dependently reduce the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloprotein (MMP)-9 proteins, while increase the expression of caspase-3 and Bax proteins. Compared with model group, tumor volume (TV), relative tumor volume (RTV), and relative tumor increment rate (T/C) in the mid-dose and high-dose GOG groups were significantly reduced, and the inhibition rate (IR) in the two groups was significantly increased. The results indicated that the anti-tumor effect of GOG on gastric cancer cells may be related with the downregulation of caspase-3 and Bax and the upregulation of MMP-9 and VEGF.
Preliminary findings on the expression of plasma CD63, CD62P, and PAI 1 in patients with acute cerebral infarction
Authors: Xu Donghua , Ren Zhanyun , Shi Junfeng , Wang Guoxiang , Qin Yaxin , Zhang Jin , Chen Chengfang , Tang Wuzhuang
Published: December 2018

To investigate the expression and clinical significance of lysosomal granule glycoprotein 63 (CD63), P-selectin (CD62P) and endothelial cell plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) in patients with acute cerebral infarction. A total of 106 patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI) admitted to our hospital from January to July in 2017 were selected as the patient group; 80 healthy subjects for physical examination in our hospital were selected as the control group. The expression levels of serum CD63, CD62P, and PAI-1 of the subjects were detected. The levels of CD63, CD62P, and PAI-1 in the serum of the patient group were significantly higher than those in the control group. There was a positive correlation between serum CD63 and CD62P (r = 0.672, P < 0.05) in the patient group. There was a positive correlation between serum CD63 and PAI-1 (r = 0.643, P < 0.05) in the patient group. There was also a positive correlation between serum CD62P and PAI-1 (r = 0.601, P < 0.05) in the patient group. Moreover, in other subtypes of cerebral infarction, the expression of CD63, CD62P, and PAI-1 was significantly higher than that of lacunar infarction. CD63, CD62P, and PAI-1 are highly expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and serum of patients with ACI, which may be closely related to the occurrence and development of patients with ACI. These indices may be used as indicators of clinical diagnosis and prognosis in patients with ACI.
Do Institutional Characteristics Predict Markers of Adulthood?: A Close Replication of Fosse and Toyokawa (2016)
Authors: Grahe Jon E. , Corker Katherine S. , Schmolesky Matthew , Alvarez Leslie D. Cramblet , McFall Joseph , Lazzara Julie , Kemp Andrew H.
Published: December 2018

Recent research reveals that some variability in personality differences can be explained by contextual factors such as location. Although little research has systematically evaluated how such variables predict individual differences in Emerging Adulthood, Fosse and Toyokawa (2016) revealed that characteristics of one’s university such as selectivity and liberal arts classification did predict respondents’ perceived importance and attainment of milestones associated with adulthood. As a close replication of Fosse and Toyokawa (2016), the present findings supported our preregistered hypotheses that liberal arts status predicted decreased perceived importance and lower attainment of some constructs of markers of adulthood but did not support predictions that selectivity would also predict such differences. Our findings provide further evidence of the institutional effects that emerge in multisample individual difference studies and extend those findings with a broader and more diverse sample than was considered previously.
The Significant Role of Oman in China’s Maritime Silk Road Initiative
Authors: Chaziza Mordechai
Published: December 2018

In recent years, China has been seeking to deepen its global centrality by connecting to Asia, Europe, and Africa through investments in physical infrastructure, that is, ports and pipelines, high-speed rail, and other utilities, with associated bilateral trade and investments in critical states along the land- and sea-based Silk Road. Oman is positioned to play a critical role in China’s expanding footprint in the Middle East. Its advantageous maritime location, influence in energy markets, and independent foreign policy make Oman an attractive partner for China and of vital strategic significance in the construction and realization of the twenty-first-century Maritime Silk Road Initiative (MSRI). Oman has enthusiastically embraced China’s MSRI and expressed an eagerness to leverage China’s growing influence in the Middle East to transform itself into a center of global trade and manufacturing.
A Novel Measure of Moral Boundaries: Testing Perceived In-group/Out-group Value Differences in a Midwestern Sample
Authors: Firat Rengin B. , Kwon Hye Won , Hitlin Steven
Published: December 2018

The literature on group differences and social identities has long assumed that value judgments about groups constitute a basic form of social categorization. However, little research has empirically investigated how values unite or divide social groups. The authors seek to address this gap by developing a novel measure of group values: third-order beliefs about in- and out-group members, building on Schwartz value theory. The authors demonstrate that their new measure is a promising empirical tool for quantifying previously abstract social boundaries. Results from a midwestern sample show an important dichotomy such that in-groups were attributed the more positive and altruistic transcendence and openness values, while out-groups were associated conservation and enhancement, the value domains revolving around a self-focus and social restraint. Furthermore, religious attendance and political ideology also emerged as strong predictors of value boundaries, whereas socioeconomic indicators were less influential. Significance and implications are discussed.
The Basic Four Approach to Clinical Neuroscience Instruction: Using Cognitive Load Theory to Enhance Case-based Learning
Authors: Sunde Kiri E , Cutsforth-Gregory Jeremy K , Leep Hunderfund Andrea N
Published: December 2018

Among medical students, neurosceince is considered a notoriously difficult subject. This challenges faculty to teach preclinical neurology in more engaging, efficient, and prioritized ways. Traditional approaches to neuroscience instruction typically begin with neuroanatomy and advance to clinical problem solving after this foundation of knowledge is in place. Over the past 45 years, neurology faculty at Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine have developed and iteratively refined an inverted approach called The Basic Four. The Basic Four uses authentic clinical scenarios as the basis for neuroscience instruction and incorporates principles from cognitive load theory to calibrate load on students’ working memory. This perspective describes The Basic Four and illustrates how cognitive load theory can be used to enhance case-based learning.
In vivo efficacy and toxicity of synthesized nano-β-tricalcium phosphate in a rabbit tibial defect model
Authors: Ooi Jer Ping , Kasim Shah Rizal , Shaari Rumaizi Bin , Saidin Nor Aini
Published: December 2018

Previous studies of the biocompatibility of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) focused on bulk-sized β-TCP, and little is known about the biocompatibility of nano β-TCP particles (nβ-TCP). The objectives of this study were to synthesize nβ-TCP particles and determine their efficacy in a rabbit tibial defect model. The nβ-TCP particles were first synthesized using a wet chemical precipitation process. The particles were then implanted in the left tibia of New Zealand white rabbits, and the defect site healing was evaluated for a period of 16 weeks using radiography, computed tomography, and histology. Data were compared with those of a sham (empty) control. Results showed that the defect site treated with nβ-TCP particles did not heal completely after 16 weeks, whereas full cortical bone recovery was observed in the sham control group of rabbits. Histopathological examination showed that the nβ-TCP particles caused an excessive and prolonged inflammatory response by the host. The nano-scaled size and biodegradability of the synthesized nβ-TCP particles may have been responsible for this progressive and extended inflammatory response, which delayed the bone healing process. The underlying mechanism for this effect remains unclear and warrants further investigation.
Coupling data science with community crowdsourcing for urban renewal policy analysis: An evaluation of Atlanta’s Anti-Displacement Tax Fund
Authors: Auerbach Jeremy , Blackburn Christopher , Barton Hayley , Meng Amanda , Zegura Ellen
Published: December 2018

We estimate the cost and impact of a proposed anti-displacement program in the Westside of Atlanta (GA) with data science and machine learning techniques. This program intends to fully subsidize property tax increases for eligible residents of neighborhoods where there are two major urban renewal projects underway, a stadium and a multi-use trail. We first estimate household-level income eligibility for the program with data science and machine learning approaches applied to publicly available household-level data. We then forecast future property appreciation due to urban renewal projects using random forests with historic tax assessment data. Combining these projections with household-level eligibility, we estimate the costs of the program for different eligibility scenarios. We find that our household-level data and machine learning techniques result in fewer eligible homeowners but significantly larger program costs, due to higher property appreciation rates than the original analysis, which was based on census and city-level data. Our methods have limitations, namely incomplete data sets, the accuracy of representative income samples, the availability of characteristic training set data for the property tax appreciation model, and challenges in validating the model results. The eligibility estimates and property appreciation forecasts we generated were also incorporated into an interactive tool for residents to determine program eligibility and view their expected increases in home values. Community residents have been involved with this work and provided greater transparency, accountability, and impact of the proposed program. Data collected from residents can also correct and update the information, which would increase the accuracy of the program estimates and validate the modeling, leading to a novel application of community-driven data science.
Identification and targeting of novel CDK9 complexes in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Beauchamp Elspeth M. , Abedin Sameem M. , Radecki Sara G. , Fischietti Mariafausta , Arslan Ahmet Dirim , Blyth Gavin T. , Yang Angela , Lantz Connor , Nelson Alissa , Goo Young Ah , Akpan Imo , Eklund Elizabeth A. , Frankfurt Olga , Fish Eleanor N. , Thomas Paul M. , Altman Jessica K. , Platanias Leonidas C.
Published: December 2018

Aberrant activation of mTOR signaling in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) results in a survival advantage that promotes the malignant phenotype. To improve our understanding of factors that contribute to mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling activation and identify novel therapeutic targets, we searched for unique interactors of mTOR complexes through proteomics analyses. We identify cyclin dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) as a novel binding partner of the mTOR complex scaffold protein, mLST8. Our studies demonstrate that CDK9 is present in distinct mTOR-like (CTOR) complexes in the cytoplasm and nucleus. In the nucleus, CDK9 binds to RAPTOR and mLST8, forming CTORC1, to promote transcription of genes important for leukemogenesis. In the cytoplasm, CDK9 binds to RICTOR, SIN1, and mLST8, forming CTORC2, and controls messenger RNA (mRNA) translation through phosphorylation of LARP1 and rpS6. Pharmacological targeting of CTORC complexes results in suppression of growth of primitive human AML progenitors in vitro and elicits strong antileukemic responses in AML xenografts in vivo.
A second-generation TKI should always be used as initial therapy for CML
Authors: Cortes Jorge E.
Published: December 2018

This article has a companion Point by Hantel and Larson.
Surface Faulting Caused by the 2016 Central Italy Seismic Sequence: Field Mapping and LiDAR/UAV Imaging
Authors: Gori Stefano , Falcucci Emanuela , Galadini Fabrizio , Zimmaro Paolo , Pizzi Alberto , Kayen Robert E. , Lingwall Bret N. , Moro Marco , Saroli Michele , Fubelli Giandomenico , Di Domenica Alessandra , Stewart Jonathan P.
Published: December 2018

The three mainshock events (M6.1 24 August, M5.9 26 October, and M6.5 30 October 2016) in the Central Italy earthquake sequence produced surface ruptures on known segments of the Mt. Vettore–Mt. Bove normal fault system. As a result, teams from Italian national research institutions and universities, working collaboratively with the U.S. Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance Association (GEER), were mobilized to collect perishable data. Our reconnaissance approach included field mapping and advanced imaging techniques, both directed towards documenting the location and extent of surface rupture on the main fault exposure and secondary features. Mapping activity occurred after each mainshock (with different levels of detail at different times), which provides data on the progression of locations and amounts of slip between events. Along the full length of the Mt. Vettore–Mt. Bove fault system, vertical offsets ranged from 0–35 cm and 70–200 cm for the 24 August and 30 October events, respectively. Comparisons between observed surface rupture displacements and available empirical models show that the three events fit within expected ranges.
Design of garments. Design of modern garments on an individual figure
Authors: Кочесова Лариса , Kochesova Larisa
Published: December 2018

The training manual describes the initial data for the development of designs of women's and men's clothing, especially the physique and posture of individual figures, the method of determining the measurements. Tables of size features of typical female and male figures are given in accordance with the new size typology developed by JSC "TSNIISHP", adapted to a Single method of construction.
There are typical calculations of the structures of the shoulder and waist of the women's and men's products, the features of the design for the figures of various proportions, posture and physique. The influence of the color and texture of the material, the nature of the curvature and direction of the cut lines and the pattern of the fabric on the visual perception of the figures in the clothes. A model presents a modern design of women's products in various silhouette shapes and designs taking into account body types, proportions and posture of the individual figures, and recommendations for their development. The methods of modification of the basic patterns of shoulder and waist products on the figure with deviations from the standard physique.
Possibilities of application of the automated design of clothes for the individual consumer are considered.
The manual is compiled in accordance with the requirements of the Federal component ROS SPO for students majoring in 262019 "Design, modeling and technology of garments", can be recommended for specialists in the garment industry.
Insight into Gender Differences in Higher Education: Evidence from Peer Reviews in an Introductory STEM Course
Authors: Ng Lane Jacqueline , Ankenman Bruce , Iravani Seyed
Published: December 2018

As the service industry moves toward self-service, peer feedback serves a critical role in this shift for educational services. Peer feedback is a process by which students provide feedback to each other. One of its major benefits is that it enables students to become actively involved in the learning and assessment process and play an integral role in the delivery and quality of their education. However, a primary concern is that students do not consistently provide each other with quality feedback, especially in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines in which gender stereotypes may hinder the ability of women to provide critical peer feedback. A potential way to improve peer feedback is to create anonymous review settings. This study examines how anonymity alters the nature of peer feedback in a large introductory undergraduate statistics class for computer science and engineering majors. In this class, peers review a series of team video projects as either anonymous or nonanonymous reviewers. Our results show that female peer reviewers were more affected by the anonymity setting than the male peer reviewers. We discuss the implications of these findings for promoting greater participation and retention of women in underrepresented STEM disciplines and the design of effective peer-review processes for improved student achievement and satisfaction.
Stability of Chlorophyll as Natural Colorant: A Review for Suji (Dracaena angustifolia (Medik.) Roxb.) Leaves’ Case
Authors: INDRASTI DIAS , ANDARWULAN NURI , PURNOMO EKO HARI , WULANDARI NUR
Published: December 2018

Suji (Dracaena angustifolia (Medik.) Roxb.) leaves are famous chlorophyll source used as food colorant in Indonesia and other south-east Asian countries. Its chlorophyll has unique characteristics which can degrade through enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions. This article summarizes traditional application of Suji leaves, the characteristics of Suji leaf chlorophyll, postharvest stability, and several ways to retain its green color. Potential development of Suji leaf extract as food colorant or food ingredients are also discussed.
Essential Oil Nanoemulsions and their Antimicrobial and Food Applications
Authors: PATHANIA RUHI , KHAN HUMA , KAUSHIK RAVINDER , KHAN MOHAMMED AZHAR
Published: December 2018

The consumer awareness for secure insignificantly handled food has constrained the food dealers either to decrease the measure of chemically synthetic antimicrobial substances or to replace them with natural ones. Essential oils (EO) extracted from edible, therapeutic and herbal plants have been well recognized as natural antimicrobial additives. As characteristic then viable antimicrobials, EO have been progressively observed towards control of foodborne microbes and progression of nourishment wellbeing. It is ordinarily hard to achieve high antimicrobial vulnerability when mixing with EO in nourishment based items because of low dissolvability of water and interactive binding. Subsequently, the delivery system of nanoemulsion-based EO is emerging as aviable solution to control the growth of foodborne pathogens. Lipophilic compounds are distributed uniformly in the aqueous phase with the help of nanoemulsion technique. Therefore, the nanoemulsion formulation is generally comprised of mainly three constituents i.e. oil phase, aqueous and a surfactant. Nanoemulsions droplet average diameters should below 100 nm. According to previous studies, the clove, cinnamon and thyme oil nanoemulsions which were formulated with non ionic surfactants (Spans and Tweens) were having droplet size less than 100nm. The current review emphases on essential oil based nanoemulsions which are prepared with different ingredients which hence, enhance the antimicrobial action in food items.
Child Nutrition Programs in Kindergarten Schools Implemented by the Governmental Sector and Global Nutrition Consulting Companies: A Systematic Review
Authors: M. S. EID NOURA
Published: December 2018

Child Nutrition Programs in schools are considered one of the best approaches towards improving diet and health. Yet it is considered a newly developed approach to be applied in Saudi Arabia. According to the ministry of health, under nutrition and obesity both are increasing in Saudi Arabia, due to various factors, which include both diet and environmental factors associated with schools and home environments. We have chosen a descriptive study to describe Child Nutrition Programs run by governmental sectors in United States and United Kingdom, in addition to global nutrition consulting companies in different countires, which included India and Singapore. The objectives of this review is to demonstrate successful Child Nutrition Programs approaches, strategies, tools, marketing plans and resources targeting pupils, parents, teachers and schools staff. Thus, this review supports implementing Child Nutrition Programs in Saudi Arabia, by choosing the most suitable strategies to improve child health and nutrition.
Inhibition of Enzymatic Browning by Onion (Allium cepa L.): Investigation on Inhibitory Mechanism and Identification of Active Compounds
Authors: YUNIARTI TATTY , SUKARNO SUKARNO , YULIANA NANCY DEWI , BUDIJANTO SLAMET
Published: December 2018

Presence of browning or black-spot in fresh foods can adversely affect consumer acceptance. Onion has been reported to exert inhibitory activity against browning reaction. This research aimed to uncover the mechanism and identify active compounds in onion responsible for PPO inhibitors based on metabolomic approach. Onion was fractioned using different solvents, i.e n-hexane; chloroform; ethyl acetate; water, respectively. As a result, ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of the onion demonstrated the strongest inhibition to PPO in comparison with other fractions, i.e. n-hexane, chloroform, and water. The reversible inhibitory activity of PPO by EAF occurred with presence of L-DOPA as substrate through competitive inhibition and Cu chelation in the active side of the PPO. Based on 1H-NMR (X) score plot and PPO inhibition (Y) using OPLS, NMR signals revealed that active compounds accounting for inhibition of PPO included quercetin, kaempferol, cyanidin 3.4’-di-O-β-glucopyranoside, quercetin 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, cyanidin 7-O-(3”-O-glucosyl-6”-O-malonyl-β-glucopyrano-side)-4’-O-β-glucopyranoside, cyanidin 3-(6”-O-malonyl) laminaribioside’.