bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
0204 Associations of Reallocating Sedentary or Activity Time to Sleep on Body Weight in Postpartum Women
Authors: Kishman Erin , Youngstedt Shawn , Wang Xuewen
Published: May 2023

Introduction

In the postpartum period, decreased sleep time is associated with increased postpartum weight retention. Increasing sleep time in the postpartum period may be beneficial; however, increasing total sleep time will reduce the time available for light physical activity (LPA), moderate to vigorous activity (MVPA), or sedentary behavior (SED). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the associations of reallocating time in SED, MVPA, and LPA to sleep with body weight in postpartum women.

Methods

Women (n=130) who gave birth to a singleton infant at ≥37 weeks gestation participated in the study. At 6-8 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months postpartum wrist actigraphy was used to measure total sleep time and hip actigraphy was used to measure SED, LPA, and MVPA. Women were instructed to wear the monitors for 7 days and maintain their normal daily activities. Weight was measured at each timepoint using a calibrated scale. Isotemporal substitution models were preformed to examine the association of reallocating time to sleep from SED, LPA, and MVPA on body weight.

Results

At 6-8 weeks, reallocating ten minutes of SED or MVPA to sleep was associated with a -0.54 kg (p=0.0223) and -3.33 kg (p=0.0091) change in body weight, respectively. At 6 months, reallocating ten minutes of SED or MVPA to sleep was associated with a -0.931 kg (p=0.0069) and -2.97 kg (p=0.0434) change in body weight, respectively. At 12 months, reallocating ten minutes of SED to sleep was associated with a -1.21 kg (p=0.0166) change in body weight. Reallocating time from MVPA to sleep was not associated with changes in body weight at 12 months. Reallocating time from LPA to sleep was not associated with changes in body weight at any timepoint.

Conclusion

Throughout the first year postpartum, reallocating time from SED to sleep was associated with decreases in body weight. Surprisingly, reallocating time from MVPA to sleep was also associated with a decrease in body weight at 6-8 weeks and 6 months postpartum. These results suggest the relative importance of the behaviors comprising the 24-hour day to body weight may be changing over the first year postpartum.

Support (if any)

NIH Grant R21MD012740
0206 2021 Analysis of the Mediating Effect of Sleep on the Relationship Between Exercise and Frequent Mental Distress
Authors: Gonzales Jeremy , Valdez Kelly
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Adolescents are at an increased risk of frequent mental distress, defined as experiencing poor mental health such as stress, anxiety, and depression, due to a variety of factors. In 2021 it was shown that the prevalence of frequent mental distress was higher than in previous years (NM-YRRS, 2021). According to Paruthi et. al. (2016), Adolescents require 9 to 10 hours of sleep per night. However, during the school year, the average sleep duration for adolescents is between 6.5 and 8.5 hours per night (Brand et. al., 2010). One potential solution to improve adolescent sleep is frequent moderate to vigorous exercise, which has been shown to have a positive relationship with favorable and healthy sleep patterns in adolescents. (Brand et al., 2010). Due to early school days, insufficient sleep has been found to contribute to frequent mental distress and poor academic performance in adolescents (Blackwelder, Hoskins & Huber, 2021). Aerobic exercise has been demonstrated to regulate emotions, while decreased rates of exercise have been shown to increase suicidality (Siddiqui, et. al., 2022). Thus, we hypothesize that inadequate exercise puts youth at an increased risk of frequent mental distress via the pathway of insufficient sleep. We further anticipate that boys and girls will experience this relationship at a different magnitude, with girls experiencing the effects of insufficient exercise on sleep more intensely because of gender-based differences in sleep duration requirements (Brand, et. al., 2010).

Methods

Using the 2021 New Mexico Youth Risk and Resiliency Survey (NM-YRRS) high school dataset, we will analyze this association using logistic regression. The NM-YRRS includes 16,000 students from across New Mexico high schools. Subgroup analyses are important considering evidence that there is a greater prevalence of frequent insufficient sleep among Native Americans (Chapman et al., 2013). The NM-YRRS oversamples Native American and rural populations in the state to ensure more representation of these populations than other surveys provide. The national CDC’s Youth Risk and Behavior Survey data across the United States will be available in January of 2023 where we will compare New Mexico’s data to National data.

Results

TBA

Conclusion

TBA

Support (if any)
0208 Behavioral phenotyping based on physical inactivity can predict sleep in female rats before, during, and after sleep disruption
Authors: Kostiew Kora , Tuli Diya , Coborn Jamie , Sinton Christopher , Teske Jennifer
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Poor sleep affects health. Noise exposure reduces and disrupts sleep in a sex-dependent manner. Non-invasive methods to predict vigilance states have not been tested in female rodents, even though sleep is sex-dependent due to hormonal changes across the estrous cycle. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the duration of physical inactivity (PIA) would 1) change with the differences in baseline sleep between the light and dark cycle and estrous cycle phases and 2) predict sleep and the change in sleep before, during, and after sleep disruption (SD) independent of circadian phase and estrous cycle.

Methods

Female Sprague-Dawley rats (N=5) implanted with EEG and EMG leads had EEG, EMG, and physical activity measured continuously before, during and after SD caused by noise exposure (i.e., baseline, SD, and recovery for 4d during each study period). Sleep was determined based on two methods [EEG/EMG and a criterion based on the duration of continuous (PIA)]. Reliability was tested with a previously validated criterion (40s). Sensitivity analyses and criterion-related validity analyses for sleep during SD and recovery were conducted across multiple criteria (10-120s). Predictability between the two methods and changes in sleep were calculated.

Results

The 10-30s criteria predicted baseline sleep independent of circadian phase and estrous cycle. The 30s criterion predicted noise-induced SD for the light cycle but no criterion predicted change in sleep for the light cycle. The 10s and 30s criteria predicted noise-induced SD and change in sleep for the dark cycle and 24h period, respectively. Thus, criteria in the 10-30s range predicted recovery sleep and the change in sleep in a manner that was dependent on circadian phase and estrous cycle.

Conclusion

Although a single criterion predicted baseline sleep, sleep during SD and recovery were predicted by different durations of PIA, which were dependent on the circadian phase, phase of the estrous cycle and study period. Hence, this study validates a non-invasive method to measure sleep in female rats and suggests that menstrual phase should be considered when developing non-invasive methods for measuring sleep in women.

Support (if any)

US Department of Agriculture
0210 Conservation of Prior Slow Wave Sleep Does Not Provide Resilience to Neurobehavioral Impairment during Total Sleep Deprivation
Authors: Skeiky Lillian , Honn Kimberly , Satterfield Brieann , Van Dongen Hans
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Slow wave sleep (SWS) is thought to play a critical, if not unique, role in resilience and recovery of waking function. It has been posited that if SWS is preserved, the impact of sleep restriction on subsequent neurobehavioral functioning should be minimal. In this context, we investigated the effects of a delayed and restricted sleep opportunity on SWS and on neurobehavioral impairment during a subsequent period of total sleep deprivation (TSD).

Methods

N=21 healthy adults (21–38y, 9f) underwent three separate periods of 36h TSD, each preceded by one week of prior sleep extension to 12h time in bed (TIB) per night (PSE condition, twice), or prior sleep restriction to 6h TIB per night (PSR condition, once). The last night of each condition was spent inside the laboratory. TIB for the pre-TSD night was 22:00–10:00 (PSE) or 04:00–10:00 (PSR). During each 36h TSD period, subjects completed a neurobehavioral task battery every 2h including a digit-symbol substitution test (DSST) measuring cognitive throughput and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) measuring subjective sleepiness. Following TSD, subjects had a 12h sleep opportunity (22:00–10:00). Sleep was recorded polysomnographically during both pre- and post-TSD nights.

Results

The pre-TSD night in the PSR condition had less total sleep time, with significant reductions (p< 0.001) in N1, N2, and REM durations compared to the PSE condition. There were no significant differences between the PSE and PSR conditions in SWS duration (p=0.40). Moreover, in the post-TSD night, there were no significant differences (p>0.1) between the PSE and PSR conditions in any of the sleep stages, including SWS. Neurobehavioral functioning during TSD exhibited significant effects (p< 0.02) of prior sleep condition on DSST throughput and KSS sleepiness, with reduced throughput and increased sleepiness in the PSR condition relative to the PSE condition.

Conclusion

SWS was remarkably conserved in delayed, restricted sleep compared to extended sleep. However, this conservation of SWS did not prevent exacerbation of DSST throughput deficits or KSS sleepiness from prior sleep restriction during subsequent TSD. As such, other aspects of sleep besides SWS are also important in mediating sleep-induced resilience and recovery.

Support (if any)

NASA NAG9-1161, CDMRP W81XWH-20-1-0442, ARO W911NF2210223.
0211 Experimental Sleep Restriction, Moral Absolutism, and Religiosity
Authors: Fergason Kyla , Nickel Allison , Diaz Laurel , Salman Manaal , Rowatt Wade , Hebl Michelle , Scullin Michael
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Moral absolutism is the notion that “rights” and “wrongs” are independent of situational circumstances, and it is a core philosophy of many religious traditions. We tested whether active church members and Christian pastors showed resiliency to mild sleep restriction when reporting religious beliefs/cognitions, when logging spiritual behaviors, and when judging the deserved-punishments for moral mistakes.

Methods

We recruited 92 adults who identified as active in Christian churches (members and pastors). On a Monday, participants completed baseline religiosity, mood, and cognitive functioning measures and were then randomly assigned to adhere to early (10:30pm) or late (1:30am) bedtimes for four nights, with 7:30am waketimes, while wearing actigraphy and keeping a daily diary of spiritual behaviors. On Friday, participants repeated the baseline assessments, responded whether a series of biblical stories were literal versus figurative, and rated a series of vignettes about moral mistakes that were committed by in-group leaders (pastors) and out-group leaders (imams; vignettes counterbalanced).

Results

The late bedtime condition reduced actigraphy-defined sleep by 85 min/night (p<.001). Despite spending more time awake, this sleep restricted group reported engaging in fewer spiritual behaviors during the week (e.g., prayer time; p<.01). On Friday, the sleep restricted group had worse mood disturbances (p<.001), worse subjective sleepiness (p<.001), and altered perceptions of the meaning of the Garden of Eden and Noah’s ark biblical stories (p<.05). Fluid intelligence was unaffected (p=.78). When evaluating religious leaders who made moral mistakes, the sleep restricted participants were significantly less forgiving (p<.01); for example, well-rested participants thought such leaders were still “somewhat likely” to get into Heaven, but sleep-restricted participants rated the leaders as “not very likely” to get into Heaven (p<.01). The effects of sleep restriction were most prominent in participants who most frequently attended religious services and when rating out-group religious leaders (r = -.49; opposite patterns were noted when participants were well-rested).

Conclusion

In contrast to moral absolutism philosophies, very mild sleep restriction produced significant changes to religious cognitions (story interpretation), spiritual behaviors, and expressions of beliefs (likeliness of getting into Heaven), and expressions of virtues (decreased forgiveness).

Support (if any)

URSA Grant and National Science Foundation (1920730, 1943323).
0214 Sleep Duration Moderates The Link Between Youth Impulsivity And Mature-Rated Media Usage One Year Later
Authors: Zhang Linhao , Kiss Orsolya , Nagata Jason , de Zambotti Massimiliano , Baker Fiona C , Oshri Assaf
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Adolescents who evince higher levels of impulsive traits are more susceptible to early use of mature-rated gaming and watching R-rated movies. This is a major public health concern because exposure to mature-rated media in youth is associated with decreased empathy and aggressive behaviors later in life. However, not all youth with higher impulsive traits will be engaged in those risky media activities. Sleep is a critical bioregulatory behavior during adolescence, and shorter sleep duration is associated with decreased emotional regulation and attention span. Yet, few studies examined whether sleep duration moderates the association between impulsivity and risky media usage.

Methods

The current study examines the associations between sleep, impulsivity, and mature-rated video gaming and movie watching using longitudinal data of 2,757 early adolescents (49.3% female, Mage at 3-year follow-up=12.9 years, SD=0.65), collected through the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study® (2021, release 4.0). The participants’ weighted weekly sleep duration was measured via Fitbit watches for at least seven days at 2-year follow-up. Participants completed questionnaires about impulsivity via UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale at 2-year follow-up and R-rated movie watching and mature video gaming at 2- and 3-year follow-up. Structural equation modeling was conducted in Mplus 8.1 to test impulsivity and sleep duration’s direct and interaction effects on mature media use while controlling for bedtime screen use, parental monitoring, and demographic covariates.

Results

Higher impulsivity was predictive for more R-rated movie watching (β=0.09, p<.001) one year later. Shorter sleep duration was predictive for more mature video gaming (β=-0.05, p=.006) and R-rated movie watching (β=-0.07, p<.001) one year later. Sleep duration moderates the association between impulsivity and R-rated movie watching (β=-0.04, p=.03). Among youth with high impulsivity, shorter sleep duration was associated with an increased risk for R-rated movie watching.

Conclusion

Impulsivity is associated with R-rated movie watching, and short sleep duration (objectively measured with Fitbit) in early adolescence partially moderates the association between impulsivity and mature media usage. Sleep duration may be a modifiable factor for prevention and intervention efforts, especially in adolescents at higher risk for excessive mature-rated media usage.

Support (if any)

National Institutes of Health
0215 Targeting the Knowledge-Behavior Gap in Sleep: The Impact of Augmenting Sleep Education with Implementation Intentions
Authors: Barley Blake , Scullin Michael
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Sleep education programs are increasingly utilized in high schools and universities to address late bedtimes and poor sleep quality in students. While these programs successfully improve sleep knowledge, they often do not change sleep behaviors (e.g., bedtimes), especially during academically demanding/stressful periods. A potential method for bridging the knowledge-behavior gap in sleep is to augment sleep education with implementation intention formation (Education+II), an established goal-fulfillment strategy. We tested this intervention in a highly demanding context: students enrolled in organic chemistry classes.

Methods

Undergraduate students (N=101) completed baseline questionnaires and actigraphy monitoring before completing a standardized sleep education program (Sleep 101). Afterward, participants were randomly assigned to an Education-Only condition or an Education+II condition. In the Education+II condition, using standardized if-then verbalization and visualization techniques, participants formed specific plans to go to bed earlier for the next five school nights. Participants were sent text reminders to implement their specific plans; nightly texts were also sent to Education-Only participants, but they were asked to reply with an interesting fact about sleep they learned during the education program. Participants completed questionnaires at the end of the intervention period as well as during 1-month and 7-month follow-up periods.

Results

There were significant time-dependent improvements in total sleep time, global sleep quality, mood, and perceived stress across groups, suggesting benefits of receiving sleep education. Participants in the Education+II condition demonstrated earlier bedtimes than those in the Education-Only condition during the intervention phase (both actigraphy and self-report) and at least one month later. Forming an implementation intention did not improve organic chemistry grades on a group-level, but grades in non-chemistry courses were higher in Education+II participants who maintained earlier bedtimes (a correlational pattern specific to this condition).

Conclusion

Augmenting sleep education with implementation intentions successfully advanced bedtimes during a rigorous organic chemistry course. Implementation intentions are a no-cost technique that is easy to build into sleep education programs. Doing so will encourage individuals to turn their general intentions to get better sleep into actualizable steps that facilitate behavioral change.

Support (if any)

National Science Foundation CAREER grant (1943323).
0219 Experimental study on thermal comfort and sleep quality of sleeping people in overheated bedroom conditions in the UK
Authors: Bhadra Jaydeep , Beizaee Arash , Lomas Kevin , Hartescu Iuliana
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Thermal comfort and sleep quality are important factors in human health and well-being and can be influenced by various environmental factors such as ambient temperature, humidity, and airflow. The microclimate within a bed, or the local climate immediately surrounding a person's body while they sleep, can also have a significant impact on thermal comfort and sleep quality.

Methods

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between bed microclimate and thermal comfort and sleep quality in overheated bedroom conditions that are prevalent during heatwaves in the United Kingdom. Participants were screened using the Sleep Disorder Symptoms Checklist (SDS-CL)-25 and health questionnaire. 10 healthy participants were recruited in a 3-night sleep monitoring in the bedrooms of student accommodation hall at Loughborough University campus in the summer of 2022. Baseline sleep quality (in-home) was objectively and subjectively collected for all the participants before the onset of the 3-night sleep monitoring period. Subjective response (self-rating) of sleep quality, sleep satisfaction, thermal sensation, and thermal satisfaction of the room and bed microclimate was collected using Consensus Sleep Diary and survey questionnaires, twice each night (before sleeping) and once in the morning (after waking up). Data on sleeping environment conditions (both room thermal environment and bed microclimate) were collected every night throughout the experiment period. Sleep quality of participants was objectively measured using actigraphy method and mean skin temperature was measured using wireless sensors at ten locations on the body.

Results

Overall, sleep quality in the overheated bedroom conditions was poorer compared to the baseline sleep quality. We found that the sleep efficiency reduced, and the self-rated sleep experience was significantly poorer, compared to the baseline. Impact of room thermal conditions on sleep latency was examined, which was found to be increased significantly in the overheated conditions compared to baseline (at home). The results also highlight the statistical significance between sleep quality, skin temperature, and bed temperature.

Conclusion

This study highlights the impact of overheated bedroom conditions (room environment and bed microclimate) on both thermal comfort and sleep quality, and the importance of considering the bed microclimate in the design and management of sleeping environments.

Support (if any)

EPSRC grant number EP/S021671/1
0222 University students procrastinate going to bed for multiple reasons that result in shorter sleep on school and non-school nights
Authors: Gooley Joshua , Kok Venetia
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Bedtime procrastination occurs when individuals go to bed later than they intended despite knowing that there may be negative consequences. The prevalence, drivers, and consequences of bedtime procrastination on daily sleep behavior are poorly understood. In university students, (1) we measured the frequencies and reasons for going to bed later than intended, and (2) we tested the hypothesis that bedtime procrastination results in shorter sleep on school nights but not non-school nights.

Methods

University students living in a residential college (n=109) completed daily sleep diaries for 2 weeks during their school semester. Each morning, students indicated if they went to bed later than they intended and the associated reasons. Sleep parameters included bedtime, wake-up time, and nocturnal time in bed for sleep. Simple effect sizes were used to compare mean differences in sleep behavior on nights with versus without bedtime procrastination.

Results

Students went to bed later than they intended on approximately half of all nights, irrespective of whether they had school the next day (school nights, 56.6%; non-school nights, 51.6%). On school and non-school nights with bedtime procrastination, time in bed was shorter by about 45 min (school nights: mean difference=-0.74h, 95% CI= -0.97h to -0.53h; non-school nights: mean difference=-0.79h, 95% CI=-1.01h to -0.58h). The most common reason for bedtime procrastination was “lost track of time” (34.9%), which was reported nearly twice as often compared with “wanted some me time” (19.5%), “wasn’t tired yet” (16.7%), “engaging in social leisure activities in person” (15.2%), and “engaging in social leisure activities online” (13.6%). The largest decrease in time in bed was observed when bedtime procrastination occurred due to in-person social activities (mean difference=-1.23h, 95% CI=-1.49h to -0.97h).

Conclusion

University students living in a residential college frequently engaged in bedtime procrastination on school and non-school nights, resulting in shorter nocturnal sleep opportunities. Losing track of time was the most common reason, suggesting that interventions for improving sleep in these students should emphasize self-regulation and time management skills. Our findings also suggest a strong social component of bedtime procrastination.

Support (if any)

Ministry of Education, Singapore (MOE2019-T2-074)
0226 Effect of Wake Extension and Short Recovery Sleep on Objective Vigilance and Subjective Sleepiness in Young Adolescents
Authors: Dionisos Victoria , Christiansen Taylor , Mason Gina , Dickstein Daniel , Carskadon Mary , Saletin Jared
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Adolescents routinely experience insufficient sleep. Compared to adults, less is known regarding how wake extension and recovery sleep impact objective and subjective indexes of vigilance in youth. Here we explore these questions using acute wake extension.

Methods

Twenty-two 10–13-year-old children (12.03±1.14 years, 12F) completed a week of actigraphy-monitored at-home sleep stabilization (9.5h TIB). Participants then slept in the laboratory with polysomnography for a baseline (BSL) opportunity of 9.5h (21:00-06:30) and returned the subsequent evening for wake extension (WE) to 02:30 and a 4h recovery sleep opportunity (02:30-06:30). Participants completed performance testing batteries including a 5-minute tablet-based visual adaptation of the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT; BrainBaseline) and introspective ratings at 20:00 and 07:30, as well as at three additional times during WE: 22:00, 00:00, and 01:30. The current analyses focused on PVT reciprocal reaction time (RRT: 1/RT) and the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) ratings.

Results

One-way ANOVA across WE (20:00, 22:00, 00:00, 01:30) showed a main effect of time for slower reaction times as participants remained awake (m±sd [1/s] 20:00: 2.01±0.32; 22:00: 1.84±0.33; 00:00: 1.79±0.29; 01:30: 1.71±0.34; F(3,63)=13.78, p<.05, ηp2= .40). After recovery sleep, RRTs at 07:30 (1.69±0.31) were slower than those at 07:30 after baseline sleep (1.95±0.36) (t(21)=5.46, p<.001) and did not differ from 01:30 during WE (t(21)=0.64, p=0.53), indicating persistent impairment after recovery sleep. A main effect of time during WE was also seen for the SSS (20:00: 1.77±0.69; 22:00: 3.36±1.71; 00:00: 4.14±1.21; 01:30: 5.68±1.25; F(3,63)=56.80, p<.001, ηp2= .73). Morning SSS scores were higher (sleepier) on WE (2.24±1.30) than BSL (1.71±0.90) (t(20)=2.45, p=.024). However, unlike RRTs, morning SSS scores were also significantly lower (less sleepy) at 07:30 following recovery sleep compared to 01:30 during WE (t(21)=9.80, p<.001).

Conclusion

Vigilance performance and sleepiness after 13.5 until 19 h awake worsened and PVT performance did not improve after 4h recovery sleep; however, perceived sleepiness after 4h recovery sleep decreased. This incongruent performance and perception confirms the vulnerability of youth to even partial sleep loss. Our next analyses will consider inattention phenotypes and recovery sleep physiology as potential moderators of these effects.

Support (if any)

K01MH109854, P20GM139743
0239 Perceptions of Sleep Health among Black Americans: Recommendations for Improving Sleep
Authors: Johnson Dayna , Smith-Ireland Daekiara , Enun Bassey , Barber Lauren
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Despite African Americans having a high prevalence of poor sleep health, the determinants remain understudied. Sleep disparities research mainly examines quantitative data, with little attention to qualitative data, which can inform targeted interventions. We aimed to qualitatively identify 1) perceptions of sleep; 2) facilitators/barriers to healthy sleep; and 3) preferences for receiving sleep recommendations in a socioeconomically diverse sample of African Americans.

Methods

Participants (N=36 individuals divided into 11 groups) attended online focus groups and discussed the following topics: attitudes and beliefs about sleep, facilitators and barriers to sleep, and knowledge and attitudes about sleep recommendations. Self-reported sleep was measured via the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The focus group data were analyzed using a rapid analytic approach.

Results

The sample had a mean age of 34 (13.1), and 64% identified as female. The overall prevalence of poor sleep quality, short sleep duration, and long sleep duration was 39%, 24%, and 15%, respectively. Participants defined healthy sleep as a matter of quality over quantity and waking up feeling well-rested. Women, men, and gender non-conforming individuals reported average sleep durations of 6.3 hours, 5.9 hours, and 8 hours, respectively. Women, but not men or gender non-confirming individuals reported disturbed mood because of poor sleep. Regardless of gender, participants reported anxiety, stress, and daily responsibilities such as work, taking care of family, and sudden changes in plans as barriers to healthy sleep. A subset of respondents (25.5%) reported screen time and feeling unsafe as barriers. Men and women reported listening to music, aromatherapy, relaxing, and limiting phone use before bedtime as facilitators to healthy sleep. Men preferred information on how to achieve and maintain deep/quality sleep, whereas women preferred more personalized information on sleep and the sleep-mental/physical health relation. Social media was generally the preferred avenue for receiving sleep recommendations.

Conclusion

Mood, stress, screen time and lack of safety were identified barriers to healthy sleep patterns. Participants were interested in strategies for improving sleep health. Future studies should consider targeting relaxing bedtime routines and enhanced safety as sleep interventions.

Support (if any)

National Institutes of Health, National Institute for Heart Lung and Blood 1R01HL157954 and K01HL138211.
0240 Greenspace in Relation to Sleep Health among a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Cohort of US Women
Authors: Gaston Symielle , Sweeney Marina , Martinez-Miller Erline , Jones Rena , James Peter , Jackson W Braxton , Sandler Dale , Jackson Chandra
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Exposure to greenspace has been associated with better sleep health by potentially supporting salubrious activities (e.g., physical activity), buffering noise, improving air quality, and promoting mental health. However, most prior studies have included few sleep dimensions or lacked racial/ethnic diversity. Further, access to greenspace is not equitably distributed across racial/ethnic groups due to structural racism, including environmental justice issues.

Methods

To investigate cross-sectional associations between greenspace with sleep health, overall and by race/ethnicity, we used data collected at enrollment (2003-2009) from women in the Sister Study (n=1,575 Hispanic/Latina, n=4,421 non-Hispanic (NH)-Black, and n=41,628 NH-White). Participants’ home addresses (X-Y coordinates) were linked to NASA’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data (250m resolution) during July of the year of enrollment to capture tertiles of proximity to greenspace. Participants reported multiple sleep dimensions including short sleep duration (< 7 hours), insomnia symptoms, frequent napping, and sleep debt (≥2-hour difference between average longest and shortest sleep duration during a week). Adjusting for both individual- and neighborhood-level sociodemographic characteristics, log Poisson regression with robust variance estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) for low/moderate vs. high greenspace associated with poor sleep, overall and by race/ethnicity.

Results

Among participants (mean±SD age=55.7±9.0 years), Hispanic/Latina and NH-Black participants comprised 8% of the population with high greenspace, 15% with low/moderate greenspace, and reported shorter sleep duration and poorer sleep quality compared to NH-White participants. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, neighborhood disadvantage, and population density, low/moderate vs. high greenspace was associated with an 8% higher prevalence of frequent napping (PR=1.08 [95% CI:1.02-1.15]). Low/moderate greenspace was also marginally associated with a higher prevalence of short sleep duration (PR=1.01 [0.98-1.05]), insomnia symptoms (PR=1.03 [0.99-1.07]), and comorbid short sleep with insomnia symptoms (PR=1.04 [0.99-1.10]) but was not associated with sleep debt. Associations did not vary by race/ethnicity.

Conclusion

Low or moderate greenspace was marginally associated with poorer sleep across racial/ethnic groups, supporting greenspace as beneficial for all. Although replication with longitudinal data and objective sleep measures is warranted, greenspace interventions may improve population sleep health; equitable access may help address racial/ethnic sleep disparities.

Support (if any)

NIEHS (Z1AES103325[CLJ] and Z01ES044005[DPS]):
0242 Sleep Duration Associated with Sexual and Gender Minority Status in the US: Influence of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
Authors: Marquez-Velarde Guadalupe , Grandner Michael , Miller Gabe H , Carreon Samantha , Hernandez Stephanie
Published: May 2023

Introduction

The inclusion of sexual orientation and gender identity measurements in national epidemiological surveys allows for the assessment of sleep disparities among sexual and gender minorities. Our objective is to establish the association of sexual orientation and gender identity with sleep duration.

Methods

We used 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 33 states who included the sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) optional module in their questionnaires. The outcome variable is sleep duration (≤4 hours, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and ≥10 hours). Main predictors are sexual orientation (heterosexual, gay/lesbian, bisexual, and other) and gender identity (cisgender, trans woman, trans man, and trans gender non-conforming). We estimated multinomial logistic regression models due to the categorical nature of our outcome variable using Stata 17. We estimated models using sexual orientation alone as main predictor, gender identity alone, and then a combined model with both SOGI measures, and adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and physical and mental health.

Results

Of the complete sample, 92% reported being heterosexual, 2% gay/lesbian, 3% bisexual, and 3% other sexual orientations. In addition, 99% reported being cisgender, and 0.2% reported being trans woman, trans man, and trans gender non-conforming, respectively. In the fully adjusted sexual orientation models, identifying as gay/lesbian was associated with a 27% increased likelihood of sleeping 8 hours and 71% increased likelihood of sleeping 10+ hours compared to heterosexuals. Self-identifying as bisexual and other orientations is associated with an 86% and 52% increased likelihood of sleeping 10+ hours, respectively. In the fully adjusted gender identity models, trans women were 115% more likely to report 8 hours of sleep, 122% more likely to report 9 hours of sleep, and 223% more likely to report 10+ hours of sleep. In the combined fully adjusted model, self-identifying as gay/lesbian, bisexual, or other orientations is associated with a 68%, 84%, and 63% increased likelihood of sleeping 10+ hours. Trans women are 149% more likely to report 10+ hours of sleep.

Conclusion

Based on our empirical analyses, being a sexual and/or gender minority is associated with a greater likelihood of reporting 10+ hours of sleep.

Support (if any)
0244 The Relationship between Sleep and Metabolic Syndrome in Late Adolescents: Racial Differences
Authors: Ji Xiaopeng , Covington Lauren , Brownlow Janeese , Patterson Freda
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Disparities in sleep health and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components co-exist in ethnic/racial minorities. Late adolescents (18-21 y.o.) are a high-risk, yet overlooked population to study sleep disparities and the associated metabolic health. This study aimed to examine the interaction between race and sleep health metrics on MetS components in late adolescents.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled a convenience sample of 60 college students (19.22±1.06 y.o.). Actigraph accelerometers assessed total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), and wake after sleep onset (WASO) over one week. Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and questions about demographic/socioeconomic information and risk behaviors. A point-of-care test provided the fasting glucose and cholesterol panel. The number (0 vs. >1) of MetS components, including high waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting triglycerides and glucose, and low High-Density Lipoprotein, indicated metabolic health. Logistic regression tested interaction terms controlling for adolescents’ age, sex, alcohol consumption, and parents’ education, marital status, and family income.

Results

Most participants (n=55; 92%) slept < 7 hours and 43% reported poor sleep (PSQI>5). More than half (n=33; 55%) had at least one MetS component. On average, White (non-Hispanic) participants had higher TST (6.07 vs. 5.63, t=1.93, p=0.06) and SE (84.89% vs. 81.07%, t=2.31, p=0.02) than their racial/ethnic minority (Black/Hispanic/Asian American/other) peers. Race significantly interacted with TST (OR=0.24, p=0.04), SE (OR=0.69, OR=0.10), and WASO (OR=1.08, p=0.02), such that associations of decreasing odds of MetS with increasing TST and SE and decreasing WASO were significant only in the racial/ethnic minority group. Furthermore, racial/ethnic minority adolescents (vs. White) had a greater MetS risk, when TST hours were at low levels (i.e., < 6 hours). Similarly, low SE (< 85%) and high WASO (>60 min) were associated with greater odds of MetS in racial/ethnic minority (vs. White) adolescents. PSQI scores were not independently associated with MetS or interacted with race in the association with MetS.

Conclusion

Unhealthy sleep is associated with increased MetS risk, particularly for racial/ethnic minority adolescents. Given the greater sensitivity to sleep health, improving sleep quantity and quality may be candidate targets for MetS interventions in at-risk populations who experience health disparities.

Support (if any)

American Nurses Foundation (18A01422). Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in cardiovascular health (P20GM113125)
0245 Association Between Neighborhood Conditions and Sleep Quality in The Offspring Study
Authors: Hokett Emily , Lao Patrick , Turney Indira , Seblova Dominika , Osorio Ricardo , Brickman Adam , Palta Priya , Manly Jennifer
Published: May 2023

Introduction

On average, minoritized racial and ethnic groups, including non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic adults, sleep more poorly than non-Hispanic White adults (hereafter, Black and White). Although racial and ethnic sleep disparities have been well-documented, few studies have investigated factors that may contribute to sleep disparities, such as the neighborhood environment. We hypothesized that Black and Hispanic adults demonstrate associations between more positive neighborhood conditions and higher sleep quality.

Methods

In the community-based Offspring Study, we assessed cross-sectional associations between the neighborhood environment and self-reported sleep quality in Black, Hispanic, and White adults (n=993; 27-91 years; M=56 , SD=11). Participants self-reported positive (cohesion, safety) and negative (problems, disorder) aspects of their neighborhood experiences on 29 questionnaire items, which were summed on subscales for each aspect of the neighborhood. We assessed sleep quality with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Both sleep quality and neighborhood experiences were treated as continuous variables. We performed multivariable regression analyses stratified by racial and ethnic group and adjusted for age, education, and gender identity.

Results

More positive neighborhood experiences (higher neighborhood cohesion and safety; lower disorder and problems) were associated with higher sleep quality in Black, Hispanic, and White adults in unadjusted models. In adjusted models, only neighborhood cohesion was associated higher sleep quality in each racial and ethnic group (Black: 0.17, [0.03, 0.31]; Hispanic: 0.09, [0.03, 0.16]; White: B=0.129, [0.004, 0.25]). In White adults, higher neighborhood problems were associated with poorer sleep quality (B=-0.17, [-0.26, -0.07]). In Black and Hispanic adults, safer neighborhoods (Black: B=0.82, [0.24, 1.41]; Hispanic: B=0.65, [0.37, 0.93]) and lower neighborhood disorder (Black: B=0.14, 0.01, 0.27]; Hispanic: B=0.09, [0.02, 0.15]) were associated with higher sleep quality.

Conclusion

Neighborhood environment may be a driver of individual differences in sleep quality across the adult lifespan. Improving neighborhood conditions may be one method to improve sleep quality and reduce racial and ethnic sleep disparities.

Support (if any)

This research is supported by the Columbia Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Alzheimer's Disease Disparities (P30AG059303-01), NIH (R01AG054070), and the American Academy of Sleep Medicine Sleep Research Program for Advancing Careers travel scholarship.
0249 Individual differences of sleep pattern and duration between two consecutive night shifts among night workers
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Holst Heidi Lammers-van der , Barger Laura , Murphy Audra , Qadri Salim , Ronda Joseph , Desnoyers Brian , Duffy Jeanne
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Working at night leads to shortened and disturbed daytime sleep. Night workers usually adopt one of several sleep patterns between consecutive nights: sleeping right after night work (morning sleep), delaying sleep to the afternoon (afternoon sleep), or dividing sleep into two or more episodes (split sleep). However, few studies have examined sleep pattern and duration between consecutive nights in real-world workers. The objective of this study was to examine individual differences in sleep pattern and duration when working consecutive night shifts.

Methods

Night workers (n=241, 43.0±16.5y, 67.2% female) from various occupations who reported working consecutive nights completed an online survey. The survey included questions on socio-demographics and daytime sleep and nap schedules. Sleep pattern (morning vs. afternoon vs. split) and total sleep time (sleep+naps) were derived from survey responses. Cross-tabulations and ANOVA were conducted.

Results

On average, night workers reported a total daytime sleep of 5.37±2.69 hours (range 0-14.25 hours). 65.1% reported morning sleep, 10% afternoon sleep, and 24.9% split sleep. Split sleepers (6.78±2.13 hours) reported longer total sleep than morning (4.86±2.75 hours) or afternoon (5.11±2.37 hours) sleepers. Younger age (< 50y), single marital status, shorter night shift tenure (≤10 years), working ≤3 consecutive shifts, and having ill or disabled dependents were associated with greater prevalence of morning sleep; older age (≥50y), married or separated/widowed, >10 years night shift tenure, working ≥4 consecutive shifts, and having no dependents were associated with greater prevalence of afternoon or split sleep. Having childcare responsibility was associated with more split sleep than no children. Similarly, younger age (< 50y), singles, shorter night shift tenure, working three or fewer consecutive shifts, having ill or disabled dependents, and having a second job were associated with shorter total sleep. However, having childcare responsibility was associated with greater total sleep.

Conclusion

Sleep timing and duration between consecutive nights were influenced by age, marital status, dependents, night work tenure, and number of consecutive night shifts. Future studies are needed to explore what sleep pattern is most beneficial for sleep, performance, safety, and health outcomes of these workers.

Support (if any)

The study was supported by grant R01 AG044416 from the US National Institutes of Health.
0251 Sex differences in the associations of childhood obesity with sleep characteristics, access to screens, and nocturnal melatonin
Authors: Gombert Marie , Carbonell Vanessa Martin , Garcia Alvaro Carrasco , Arboledas Gonzalo Pin , Luna Joaquin Carrasco , Codoner-Franch Pilar
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Insufficient sleep and circadian rhythm alterations are associated with metabolic disorders including obesity, with increasing evidence that these associations can emerge in childhood. In parallel, screen media access in the bedroom at night has negative effects on circadian rhythms, sleep, and other behaviors, which can contribute to obesity development. In the current work, we analyzed the associations of childhood obesity with self-reported sleep characteristics, access to screens in the bedroom, and nocturnal melatonin, considering potential sex differences.

Methods

The study cohort is composed of 244 children 7-16 years old, among which 140 have a body mass index z-scores >2, characterized as obesity according to world health organization criteria. There are 124 girls (11.21 ± 2.42 years) and 120 boys (11.19 ± 2.22 years). Melatonin was measured through immunoassay in saliva samples, which were collected at three time points of the evening of a school day: 4h before sleep, 2h before sleep, and 1h after sleep start. The chronotype score was obtained using the Horne and Ostberg questionnaire. Participants reported the number of screens present in the bedroom at night, and their bedtimes and wakeup times during both weekdays and weekend. The sleep disturbance scale for children and an abbreviated pediatric sleep questionnaire about sleep apnea symptoms were completed by a parent.

Results

BMI z-scores were significantly correlated with more parent-reported sleep disturbances (p< 0.01), higher sleep apnea scores (p< 0.01), shorter sleep duration during weekdays (p< 0.01), and the number of screens in the bedroom (p=0.05) in boys but not in girls (p=0.52, p=0.15, p=0.83, and p=0.37). On the other hand, BMI z-scores were significantly correlated with melatonin level at +1h after sleep onset (p=0.05) in girls but not in boys (p=0.96). No significant correlations were observed between the BMI z-score and the pre-sleep melatonin measures.

Conclusion

According to our findings, there is some differentiation by sex in relationships between body weight and various sleep and circadian measures. Specifically, in boys, obesity was associated with shorter and disturbed sleep with more sleep apnea, whereas in girls, obesity was linked with lowered nocturnal melatonin expression.

Support (if any)
0253 Consumption of a Western diet impacts sleep microstructure during normal sleep and recovery sleep – a randomized crossover trial
Authors: Brandão Luiz Eduardo Mateus , Popa Alexandru , Cedernaes Erasmus , Cedernaes Christopher , Lampola Lauri , Cedernaes Jonathan
Published: May 2023

Introduction

While intake of specific macronutrients has been associated with changes in sleep parameters in humans – such as sleep macrostructure – direct interventional evidence is lacking. Thus, we conducted a randomized trial to examine how consumption of an unhealthy, Western diet impacts sleep at the macrostructure to microstructure level in humans.

Methods

In a crossover study, 15 healthy normal-weight men consumed two isocaloric diets in random order: an unhealthy high-fat, high-sugar diet, and a healthy, low-fat, low-sugar diet. Following each week-long diet, in-lab sleep was recorded using polysomnography (PSG), during a full night of sleep, and after recovery sleep occurring after extended wakefulness. Sleep duration, macrostructure and microstructure (sleep oscillatory pattern and slow waves) were investigated using machine learning-based algorithms.

Results

Sleep duration did not differ across the diets, based on actigraphy and the in-lab PSG. Sleep macrostructure was similar after one week on each diet. Compared with the healthy diet, the Western diet resulted in reduced delta power and slow-wave amplitude, but increased alpha and theta power, during NREM sleep. Furthermore, the Western diet also impacted the sleep oscillatory pattern in a similar direction during the recovery sleep.

Conclusion

Short-term consumption of an unhealthy, Western diet modulates restorative properties of sleep, and these changes persisted even into recovery sleep. Whether such changes can mediate adverse health outcomes of an unhealthy diet warrants further investigation.

Support (if any)

This work was supported by the Swedish Society for Medical Research (SSMF), the Swedish Research Council, and the following foundations: Diabetesfonden (2019-489), Diabetes Wellness Sverige (25-2231), Familjen Ernfors, Göran Gustafsson (2019-1941), Selander, the Swedish Cancer Foundation (19 0269 Pj); the Swedish Brain Foundation (FO2022-0704). The study sponsor/funding agencies were not involved in the design of the study; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing the report; and did not impose any restrictions regarding the publication of the report.