bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable production of jojobyl alcohols and cell viability study
Authors: Acherki Hassan , Hurtado Olivia , Bouaid Abderrahim
Published: October 2021

An innovative biorefinery approach has been applied to evaluate jojoba oil (JO) in high value‐added products. It consists of enzymatic transesterification using short (1‐propanol, 1‐butanol), medium linear (1‐octanol), and branched (2‐ethylhexanol) chain alcohols. The proposed biorefinery approach uses an integrated process for the production of jojobyl alcohol (JA) mixtures (11‐eicosenol, 13‐docosenol and 15‐tetracosenol) as products that can be used in pharmaceutical applications. The remaining fraction of fatty acid alkyl esters (FAAE) has a wide range of industrial uses and could be used as a promising alternative to conventional fuels, as it complies with EN14214, the European Biodiesel Norm. The separation of JA from FAAE was carried out by crystallization using a binary mixture of hexane and diethyl ether. After the separation step, the main properties of FAAE were determined. The results showed that the cold flow properties and oxidation stability of the FAAE fraction, obtained as co‐product during the process, have been improved with respect to transesterified JO. The use of 2‐ethylhexanol as an alcohol in the transesterification reaction increases the amount of the most valuable fraction containing JAs. In vitro cell viability was measured in HEK293T cells using the tetrazolium dye reduction (MTT) assay. The results showed that this oily liquid mixture of JA components (cis‐11‐eicosenol, cis‐13‐docosenol, and cis‐15‐tetracosenol) had a cytotoxic effect at concentrations of 10 and 100 μmol L−1 and no cytotoxic activity at 1 μmol L−1. The concentration of 1 μmol L−1 does not, therefore, modify the cell viability, does not produce toxic effects in the tested cells and could be used as a therapeutic compound. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
3D printing of self‐standing and vascular supportive multimaterial hydrogel structures for organ engineering
Authors: Liu Suihong , Hu Qingxi , Shen Zhipeng , Krishnan Sasirekha , Zhang Haiguang , Ramalingam Murugan
Published: October 2021

Three dimensional printable formulation of self‐standing and vascular‐supportive structures using multi‐materials suitable for organ engineering is of great importance and highly challengeable, but, it could advance the 3D printing scenario from printable shape to functional unit of human body. In this study, the authors report a 3D printable formulation of such self‐standing and vascular‐supportive structures using an in‐house formulated multi‐material combination of albumen/alginate/gelatin‐based hydrogel. The rheological properties and relaxation behavior of hydrogels were analyzed before the printing process. The suitability of the hydrogel in 3D printing of various customizable and self‐standing structures, including a human ear model, was examined by extrusion‐based 3D printing. The structural, mechanical, and physicochemical properties of the printed scaffolds were studied systematically. Results supported the 3D printability of the formulated hydrogel with self‐standing structures, which are customizable to a specific need. In vitro cell experiment showed that the formulated hydrogel has excellent biocompatibility and vascular supportive behavior with the extent of endothelial sprout formation when tested with human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated the suitability of the extrusion‐based 3D printing technique for manufacturing complex shapes and structures using multi‐materials with high fidelity, which have great potential in organ engineering.
The role of information and communication technology on green total factor energy efficiency: Does environmental regulation work?
Authors: Hao Yu , Guo Yunxia , Wu Haitao
Published: October 2021

China is gradually changing its pursuit of rapid economic growth into a pursuit of economic development quality. In this context, whether “cyberpower” and “digital China” strategies are truly conducive to China's sustainable development still needs to be further tested. This paper constructs China's provincial information and communication technology (ICT) comprehensive development level index from the four dimensions of penetration, coverage, information resources, and business and then innovatively undertakes a theoretical framework integrating ICT, environmental regulations, and green total factor energy efficiency (GTFEE) for the analysis. Using panel data from China's 30 provincial administrative regions from 2006 to 2017, this study explores the direct impact, moderating effect, nonlinear relationship, and regional differences of ICT development on GTFEE. It is indicated that ICT development plays a positive role in promoting GTFEE and that this role is moderated by environmental regulations. The regression results of the dynamic threshold model indicate that diverse environmental regulation intensities lead to different influences of ICT development on GTFEE. Moreover, the impact of ICT development on GTFEE is heterogeneous among different regions. Specifically, the western region may gain more benefits from ICT development by virtue of the late‐mover advantage.
Prognostic implication of PD‐L1 polymorphisms in non‐small cell lung cancer treated with radiotherapy
Authors: Kang Min Kyu , Lee Shin Yup , Choi Jin Eun , Do Sook Kyung , Cho Moon‐June , Kim Jun‐Sang , Park Jae Yong
Published: October 2021

Background

To investigate the impact of programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) polymorphisms on the prognosis of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with curative radiotherapy.

Methods

Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs822336G>C, rs822337T>A, rs822338C>T, and rs2297136A>G) in the PD‐L1 gene were evaluated in 124 NSCLC patients. Clinical stage was I in 28, II in 17, and III in 79 patients. Fifty‐seven patients received radiotherapy alone, including 28 patients who received stereotactic body radiotherapy. Sixty‐seven patients received sequential or concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Risk factors for survival outcomes were analyzed with the log‐rank test and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

The rs822336GC+CC genotype was associated with better overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.37–0.97, p = 0.036) and regional failure‐free survival (RFFS) (HR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.14–0.76, p = 0.009), compared with rs822336GG genotype. The rs822337TA+AA genotype was associated with better OS (HR =0.54, 95% CI = 0.34–0.88, p = 0.014), progression‐free survival (PFS) (HR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.41–0.99, p = 0.046), and RFFS (HR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.17–0.81, p = 0.013), compared with rs822337TT genotype. Three SNPs (rs822336, rs822337, and rs822338) were in linkage disequilibrium. Combined GTC and GTT (GT*) haplotype was associated with significantly worse OS (p = 0.018), PFS (p = 0.044), and RFFS (p = 0.038), compared with those with other combined haplotypes. Patients with diplotypes of two GT* haplotypes showed significantly worse OS (p = 0.023) and RFFS (p = 0.014) than those with other diplotypes.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that PD‐L1 polymorphisms could be predictive markers for NSCLC patients receiving radiotherapy.
Visual Detection of Adenosine Triphosphate by Taylor Rising: A Simple Point‐of‐Care Testing Method Based on Rolling Circle Amplification
Authors: Pan Yong , Zhu Chen , Zeng Wen Bin , Fu Pei , Chen Chi , Xu Bao Ming , Gao Zhong Feng
Published: October 2021

Rapid and sensitive point‐of‐care testing (POCT) is an extremely critical mission in practical applications, especially for rigorous military medicine, home health care, and in the third world. Here, we report a visual POCT method for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) detection based on Taylor rising in the corner of quadratic geometries between two rod surfaces. We discuss the principle of Taylor rising, demonstrating that it is significantly influenced by contact angle, surface tension, and density of the sample, which are controlled by ATP‐dependent rolling circle amplification (RCA). In the presence of ATP, RCA reaction effectively suppresses Taylor‐rising behavior, due to the increased contact angle, density, and decreased surface tension. Without addition of ATP, untriggered RCA reaction is favorable for Taylor rising, resulting in a significant height. With this proposed method, visual sensitive detection of ATP without the aid of other instruments is realized with only a 5 μL droplet, which has good selectivity and a low detection limit (17 nM). Importantly, this visual method provides a promising POCT tool for user‐friendly molecular diagnostics.
Lurasidone found effective for children with bipolar depression
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2021

Long‐term treatment with lurasidone is generally safe and well‐tolerated by adolescents with bipolar depression, according to a new study.
The inner sounds of silence
Authors: Walters Anne S.
Published: October 2021

Last week I spent some time in an off‐the‐grid hostel in Deer Isle, Maine. On the wall of the outhouse was a print of “Desiderata,” the poem by Max Ehrmann that became popular in the 1960s. The first few lines were applicable to the setting — “go placidly amid the noise and haste and remember what peace there may be in silence.” Sitting outside there on a misty morning, I was struck by the absolute silence; no hum of lawn mowers, air conditioners, or even fans to break the quiet. Although work felt far away, my mind wandered to the role of silence in children's lives and as a part of therapy.
Singlet Biradical Versus Triplet Biradical/Zwitterion Characteristics in Isomers of C6−C5−C6−C7−C6‐Fused Pentacyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Revealed through Reactivity Patterns
Authors: Zhen Cian‐Jhe , Lu Shu‐Feng , Lin Min‐Hwa , Wu Jay‐Tai , Chao Ito , Lin Chih‐Hsiu
Published: October 2021

Among various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, C6−C5−C6−C7−C6 fused pentacyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have the unique potential to adopt quinonoid, zwitterion, singlet, or triplet biradical electronic configurations. Two such hybrid structures between pentacene and azulene were synthesized and their ground state electronic configurations were deduced from the reactivity patterns they exhibit respectively. Compound 6, where the radicaloid carbons are linked through a para‐phenylene, forms a head‐to‐head dimer like a singlet biradical. In contrast, isomer 7, where the para‐linkage was switched to meta, reacts readily with oxygen which resembles the reactivity of a triplet state. The oxidized intermediate(s) then undergoes rearrangement to furnish the C6−C5−C6−C6−C6 ring contraction product 13. Cation 14, the protonated form of 7, was synthesized, which implies 7 also reacts like a zwitterion. It was revealed the oxidative rearrangement takes place even with mesityl dibenzotropylium cation despite its perceived aromaticity. DFT calculations confirm the most stable forms of 6 and 7 are singlet and triplet diradical, which is consistent with the observed reactivity of respective molecules.
In Vitro and In Vivo Sequestration of Methamphetamine by a Sulfated Acyclic CB[n]‐Type Receptor
Authors: Brockett Adam T. , Deng Chunlin , Shuster Michael , Perera Suvenika , DiMaggio Delaney , Cheng Ming , Murkli Steven , Briken Volker , Roesch Matthew R. , Isaacs Lyle
Published: October 2021

We report the synthesis of two new acyclic sulfated acyclic CB[n]‐type receptors (TriM0 and Me4TetM0) and investigations of their binding properties toward a panel of drugs of abuse (1–13) by a combination of 1H NMR spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry. TetM0 is the most potent receptor with Ka≥106 M−1 toward methamphetamine, fentanyl, MDMA and mephedrone. TetM0 is not cytotoxic toward HepG2 and HEK 293 cells below 100 μM according to MTS metabolic and adenylate kinase release assays and is well tolerated in vivo when dosed at 46 mg kg−1. TetM0 does not inhibit the hERG ion channel and is not mutagenic based on the Ames fluctuation test. Finally, in vivo efficacy studies show that the hyperlocomotion of mice treated with methamphetamine can be greatly reduced by treatment with TetM0 up to 5 minutes later. TetM0 has potential as a broad spectrum in vivo sequestrant for drugs of abuse.
Cyclodimers and Cyclotrimers of 2,3 ‐Bisalkynylated Anthracenes, Phenazines and Diazatetracenes
Authors: Maier Steffen , Hippchen Nikolai , Rominger Frank , Freudenberg Jan , Bunz Uwe H. F.
Published: October 2021

The synthesis of novel (N−)acene‐based cyclooligomers is reported. Glaser‐Hay coupling of the bisethynylated monomers results in cyclodimers and cyclotrimers that are separable by column and gel‐permeation chromatographies. For the diazatetracene, the use of sec‐butyl‐silylethynyl groups is necessary to achieve solubility. Diazatetracene‐based cyclodimers and cyclotrimers were used as semiconductors in thin‐film transistors. Although their optoelectronic properties are quite similar, their electron mobilities in proof‐of‐concept thin‐film transistors differ by an order of magnitude.
Breaking Symmetry Relaxes Structural and Magnetic Restraints, Suppressing QTM in Enantiopure Butterfly Fe2Dy2 SMMs**
Authors: Baniodeh Amer , Wagner Danny , Peng Yan , Kaemmerer Hagen , Leblanc Nicolas , Bräse Stefan , Naubron Jean‐Valére , Anson Christopher E. , Powell Annie K.
Published: October 2021

The {Fe2Dy2} butterfly systems can show single molecule magnet (SMM) behaviour, the nature of which depends on details of the electronic structure, as previously demonstrated for the [Fe2Dy2(μ3‐OH)2(Me‐teaH)2(O2CPh)6] compound, where the [N,N‐bis‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐amino]‐2‐propanol (Me‐teaH3) ligand is usually used in its racemic form. Here, we describe the consequences for the SMM properties by using enantiopure versions of this ligand and present the first homochiral 3d/4 f SMM, which could only be obtained for the S enantiomer of the ligand for [Fe2Dy2(μ3‐OH)2(Me‐teaH)2(O2CPh)6] since the R enantiomer underwent significant racemisation. To investigate this further, we prepared the [Fe2Dy2(μ3‐OH)2(Me‐teaH)2(O2CPh)4(NO3)2] version, which could be obtained as the RS‐, R‐ and S‐compounds. Remarkably, the enantiopure versions show enhanced slow relaxation of magnetisation. The use of the enantiomerically pure ligand suppresses QTM, leading to the conclusion that use of enantiopure ligands is a “gamechanger” by breaking the cluster symmetry and altering the intimate details of the coordination cluster's molecular structure.
Symmetric multiple ulceration in a patient diagnosed with Munchausen syndrome
Authors: Inoue Emi , Kakuda Kasumi , Fujiwara Midori , Yokoi Kazunori , Koguchi‐Yoshioka Hanako , Kiyohara Eiji , Hata Masahiro , Kanai Koji , Fujimoto Manabu , Tanemura Atsushi
Published: October 2021

We experienced a rare case of Munchausen syndrome with peculiar symmetric ulcers on the whole body. When encountering similar cases with factitious ulceration of the skin, a thorough understanding of the patient's psychiatric condition and a cordial consultation to present illness rather than physical medication might lead to disease stability.
Die stumpfe Waffe der Kröten
Authors: Tetsch Larissa
Published: October 2021

Kröten produzieren zum Schutz vor Fressfeinden ein giftiges Hautsekret. Darin enthalten sind unter anderem Herzglykoside wie die Bufadienolide. Frösche der Gattung Leptodactylus lassen sich davon jedoch nicht abschrecken. Sie besitzen eine Variante der Natrium‐Kalium‐Pumpe, die gegen das Krötengift unempfindlich ist.
Early palliative care is associated with less intense care in children dying with cancer in Alabama: A retrospective, single‐site study
Authors: Davis Elizabeth S. , Martinez Isaac , Hurst Garrett , Bhatia Smita , Johnston Emily E.
Published: October 2021

Background

Regional studies show that children with cancer receive medically intense end‐of‐life (EOL) care, but EOL care patterns, including palliative care utilization in Alabama, remain unknown.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of 233 children (0‐19 years) who received cancer‐directed therapy at Children's of Alabama and died from 2010 through 2019. Rates and disparities in palliative care utilization and the association between palliative care and intense EOL care, death location, and hospice were examined.

Results

The median death age was 11 years; 62% were non‐Hispanic White. Forty‐one percent had a non–central nervous system (CNS) solid tumor. Fifty‐eight percent received palliative care, and 36% received early palliative care (≥30 days before death). Children without relapsed/refractory disease were less likely to receive palliative care than those who had relapsed/refractory disease (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1‐0.7). Children with CNS tumors and hematologic malignancies were less likely to have early palliative care (aOR for CNS tumors, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2‐0.7; aOR for hematologic malignancies, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.2‐0.7) than children with non‐CNS solid tumors. Late palliative care (vs none) was associated with more medically intense care (aOR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.4‐7.8) and hospital death (aOR, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.9‐11.6). Early palliative care (vs none) was associated with more hospice enrollment (aOR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.5‐7.6) but not medically intense care (aOR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.6‐2.9) or hospital death (aOR, 1.8; 95% CI, 0.8‐3.7).

Conclusions

Fifty‐eight percent of children dying of cancer in Alabama receive palliative care, but EOL care varies with the receipt and timing (early vs late) of palliative care. Whether this variation reflects differences in child and family preferences or systemic factors (eg, hospice access) remains unknown.
Anion‐Dependent Outstanding Luminescence Enhancement of Eu(D‐facam)3 Upon Coexistence With the Tetramethylammonium Cation
Authors: Li Ziying , Minami Haruki , Nakamura Kazuki , Kobayashi Norihisa
Published: October 2021

The effect of a series of tetramethylammonium salts with different counter anions on the photophysical properties of a chiral Eu(III) complex (Eu(D‐facam)3) was investigated. Anion‐dependent luminescence of the Eu(III) complex was observed, and particularly in the presence of acetate ions, an outstanding luminescence enhancement (>300 times) and induced circularly polarized luminescence (glum=−0.63) were obtained. The energy transfer process was then evaluated using key photophysical parameters, and it was found that the sensitisation efficiency of the Eu(III) complex significantly increased in the presence of tetramethylammonium acetate (TMAOAc). The interactions between Eu(D‐facam)3 and TMAOAc were confirmed by luminescence analysis, circular dichroism spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mass spectral measurements.
Visualization of the Skeletal Muscle Stem Cell Niche in Fiber Bundles
Authors: Schüler Svenja C. , Dumontier Simon , Rigaux Jonathan , Bentzinger C. Florian
Published: October 2021

Skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) reside in a complex niche composed of the muscle fiber plasma membrane and the laminin‐rich basal lamina surrounded by the microvasculature, as well as different supportive cell types such as fibro‐adipogenic progenitors residing in the interstitial extracellular matrix. Within the first few hours after tissue damage, MuSCs undergo cytoskeletal rearrangements and transcriptional changes that prime the cells for activation. Due to their time‐consuming nature, enzymatic methods for liberation of single muscle fibers with fully quiescent MuSCs are challenging. Moreover, during enzymatic digestion, important niche components including the microvasculature and the collagenous interstitial matrix are destroyed. Here, we provide a method for the visualization of MuSCs on muscle fibers in their intact niche. Our method relies on mechanical teasing of fiber bundles from fixed skeletal muscles. We demonstrate that teased muscle fiber bundles allow the investigator to capture a representative snapshot of the MuSC niche in skeletal muscle, and outline how stem cell morphology and different microenvironmental components can be visualized. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Isolation of fiber bundles

Basic Protocol 2: Immunofluorescence staining of MuSCs on fiber bundles

Support Protocol: Preparation of Sylgard dishes
Tailoring Quantum Dot Sizes for Optimal Photoinduced Catalytic Activation of Nitrogenase
Authors: Meirovich Matan M. , Bachar Oren , Nandi Ramesh , Amdursky Nadav , Yehezkeli Omer
Published: October 2021

Many efforts have been directed towards elucidating the nitrogenase structure, its biocatalytic activity, and methods to artificially activate it by external stimuli. Here, we investigated how semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) with sizes ranging between 2.3–3.5 nm form nano‐biohybrids with the nitrogenase enzyme and enable its photoinduced biocatalytic activity. We examined two homogenously synthesized quantum dots (QDs), CdS, CdSe, and two nitrogenase variants, the wild‐type and a cysteine‐mutated. We show that the cysteine‐mutated variant does not enhance the hydrogen generation amounts, as compared with the wild type. Nevertheless, we show that the 2.3 nm‐sized CdSe NPs facilitate an eightfold increase compared with larger CdSe NPs. The obtained results were investigated using electrochemical techniques, transmission electron microscopy, and further confirmed by time‐resolved spectroscopic measurements, which allow us to determine the electron tranfer rate constant (kET) of the different configurations.
Direct Synthesis of 5‐Methylfurfural from d‐Fructose by Iodide‐Mediated Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Xu Jianwang , Miao Xinge , Liu Lei , Wang Yantao , Yang Weiran
Published: October 2021

Herein, a robust catalytic system was developed for the green synthesis of 5‐methylfurfural (5‐MF) by iodide‐mediated transfer hydrogenation. Around 50 % of 5‐MF was yielded from d‐fructose within 7.5 min using NaI as the catalyst and formic acid as both the hydrogen source and co‐catalyst. The catalytic system was used for six consecutive cycles without any decrease in the yield. Various starch and raw biomass could be used as promising starting materials for 5‐MF synthesis with moderate yields, and the productivity of 5‐MF from corn starch reached 103 mmol gcat−1 h−1, which is comparable with the best result from l‐rhamnose. Moreover, the co‐production of 5‐MF and furfural from raw biomass makes this methodology more competitive than other routes.
Broadband dielectric resonator antenna with dual‐frequency circularly polarized response for WLAN and WiMAX applications
Authors: Sharma Anand , Dwivedi Ajay Kumar , Narayaswamy Nagesh Kallollu , Gupta Ashish , Tripathi Devendra Kumar
Published: October 2021

In this paper, a moon‐shaped aperture‐coupled ring‐shaped dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is suggested, realized, and tested. The L‐shaped microstrip line is designed to stimulate the aperture. Vital characteristics of the proposed radiator are as follows: (a) Broadband DRA with dual‐frequency circular polarized (CP) response is realized by the mixture of
and
mode in‐ring DRA; (b) wide impedance bandwidth is attained with the help of dropping the effective permittivity of radiating structure by converting cylindrical shape into a ring shape. To test the practical feasibility, the proposed antenna design is fabricated and tested inside the anechoic chamber. Practical outcomes confirm that the proposed antenna works over the frequency range of 2.44–3.66 GHz along with supporting dual CP waves within the operating range, i.e., 2.44–2.64 and 3.4–3.65 GHz respectively. Broadsided (θ = 00 and ϕ = 00) RHCP radiation pattern makes the proposed antenna design applicable for IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor network (2.5 GHz) and WiMAX (3.5 GHz).
Impacts of environmental stress on resistance and resilience of algal‐associated bacterial communities
Authors: Morrissey Kathryn Lee , Iveša Ljiljana , Delva Soria , D'Hondt Sofie , Willems Anne , De Clerck Olivier
Published: October 2021

Algal‐associated bacteria are fundamental to the ecological success of marine green macroalgae such as Caulerpa. The resistance and resilience of algal‐associated microbiota to environmental stress can promote algal health and genetic adaptation to changing environments. The composition of bacterial communities has been shown to be unique to algal morphological niches. Therefore, the level of response to various environmental perturbations may in fact be different for each niche‐specific community. Factorial in situ experiments were set up to investigate the effect of nutrient enrichment and temperature stress on the bacterial communities associated with Caulerpa cylindracea. Bacteria were characterized using the 16S rRNA gene, and the community compositions were compared between different parts of the algal thallus (endo‐, epi‐, and rhizomicrobiome). Resistance and resilience were calculated to further understand the changes of microbial composition in response to perturbations. The results of this study provide evidence that nutrient enrichment has a significant influence on the taxonomic and functional structure of the epimicrobiota, with a low community resistance index observed for both. Temperature and nutrient stress had a significant effect on the rhizomicrobiota taxonomic composition, exhibiting the lowest overall resistance to change. The functional performance of the rhizomicrobiota had low resilience to the combination of stressors, indicating potential additive effects. Interestingly, the endomicrobiota had the highest overall resistance, yet the lowest overall resilience to environmental stress. This further contributes to our understanding of algal microbiome dynamics in response to environmental changes.
Static environments with limited resources select for multiple foraging strategies rather than conformity
Authors: Borofsky Talia M. , Feldman Marcus W.
Published: October 2021

Social learning and conformity, or positive frequency‐biased transmission, are important components of the evolution of culture and group identities in animals and humans. Previous theoretical work on the evolution of social learning and conformity when environmental states change found that conformity evolves for a large range of environmental conditions. However, the foraging environment can affect the adaptive benefits of social learning and conformity. Conformity can cause a population to focus mainly on one resource while ignoring other available resources, which can incite competition if the first resource is limited. We study the evolution of social learning and frequency‐biased transmission in a limited‐resource environment using a replicator model of a forager population feeding on two resources in which foragers set their resource preferences during an early learning stage. In sharp contrast with previous models, anti‐conformity, or negative frequency‐biased transmission, rather than conformity, evolves from a population of non‐conformists under most environmental conditions. Numerical simulations suggest that both social learning and conformity cause the foragers to favor one resource over the other even though the resources provide the same benefit to foragers. Resource limitation favors anti‐conformity because anti‐conformity tends to force both resources to be exploited equally. Similarly, depletion of resources selects against social learning. However, increasing social learning is adaptive when independent discovery of foraging cues is difficult because it increases the rate at which individuals learn to find food. Consequently, in an environment with difficult‐to‐learn food cues, increased social learning is more likely to evolve. However, social learning does not emerge from a population of individual learners. Our results show that competition and consumer‐resource interactions can alter the evolutionary course of social learning and transmission bias. As there are many examples of conformity in the animal kingdom, and especially in humans, future studies should explore what extensions of the model would allow conformity to first evolve.
Extensive aquatic subsidies lead to territorial breakdown and high density of an apex predator
Authors: Eriksson Charlotte E. , Kantek Daniel L. Z. , Miyazaki Selma S. , Morato Ronaldo G. , dos Santos‐Filho Manoel , Ruprecht Joel S. , Peres Carlos A. , Levi Taal
Published: October 2021

Energetic subsidies between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems can strongly influence food webs and population dynamics. Our objective was to study how aquatic subsidies affected jaguar (Panthera onca) diet, sociality, and population density in a seasonally flooded protected area in the Brazilian Pantanal. The diet (n = 138 scats) was dominated by fish (46%) and aquatic reptiles (55%), representing the first jaguar population known to feed extensively on fish and to minimally consume mammals (11%). These aquatic subsidies supported the highest jaguar population density estimate to date (12.4 jaguars/100 km²) derived from camera traps (8,065 trap nights) and GPS collars (n = 13). Contrary to their mostly solitary behavior elsewhere, we documented social interactions previously unobserved between same‐sex adults including cooperative fishing, co‐traveling, and play. Our study demonstrates that aquatic subsidies, frequently described in omnivores, can also transform the ecology and behavior of obligate carnivores.
Features of myocardial injury detected by cardiac magnetic resonance in a patient with desmin‐related restrictive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Chen Zixian , Li Rui , Wang Yongxiang , Cao Liang , Lin Chen , Liu Feng , Hu Rui , Nan Jiang , Zhuang Xin , Lu Xiande , Nan Guangxian , Hu Guocui , Xue Jingmei , Zhang Yaping , Xiao Jing , Yao Yali , Guo Shunlin , Lei Junqiang
Published: October 2021

Myocardial fibrosis detected by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has been reported in patients with desmin‐related myopathy, although its characteristics remain unclear. Here, we describe a case of desmin‐related restrictive cardiomyopathy wherein CMR imaging revealed myocardial oedema, ischaemia, and fibrosis in the left ventricle; the different types and processes of myocardial injury were detected by CMR. Middle wall left ventricular enhancement may be a feature of late gadolinium enhancement, and the lateral wall is often involved in cases of myocardial injury. CMR is useful for the early detection of cardiac involvement and the prediction of prognosis in patients diagnosed with desmin‐related myopathy.
Rb3Er4Cu5Te10: Exploring the Frontier between Polar Intermetallics and Zintl‐Phases via Experimental and Quantumchemical Approaches
Authors: Gladisch Fabian C. , van Leusen Jan , Passia Marco T. , Kögerler Paul , Steinberg Simon
Published: October 2021

The tailored design of solid‐state materials requires a proper understanding of their respective electronic structures. In order to rationalize the relationships between crystal structures and electronic structures in intermetallic compounds, the Zintl‐Klemm concept has been frequently employed. Yet, the frontier between the valence‐electron concentrations (e/a) of the Zintl‐ and the polar intermetallic phases has remained unclear to date. To shed some light on this frontier, we explored the electronic structure of the quaternary compound Rb3Er4Cu5Te10. To this effect, the crystal structure of this telluride, which was obtained as pure phase from high‐temperature reactions, was determined by means of X‐ray diffraction experiments for the very first time. In addition, the magnetic properties of the Rb3Er4Cu5Te10 were also determined in order to explore the erbium 4 f states in more detail.
Synthesis of Polycyclic Indolines by Utilizing a Reduction/Cyclization Cascade Reaction
Authors: Zhang Jingyu , Xia Wei , Qu Meilin , Huda Saskia , Ward Jas S. , Rissanen Kari , Albrecht Markus
Published: October 2021

Subsequent reduction and dearomatizing cyclization reactions open up an entry into the synthesis of novel N‐fused polycyclic indolines. The dearomatizing cyclization as key step of the sequence proceeds well with Cu(OTf)2 or TfOH as catalyst. At elevated temperature reduction of nitro‐substituted precursors with iron under acidic conditions affords a broad variety of polycyclic indolines directly in a two‐step cascade reaction in good to excellent yields. Using the developed protocol, the alkaloids tryptanthrin and phaitanthrin C have been prepared.
Advances in mass spectrometry‐based glycoproteomics: An update covering the period 2017–2021
Authors: Gutierrez‐Reyes Cristian D. , Jiang Peilin , Atashi Mojgan , Bennett Andrew , Yu Aiying , Peng Wenjing , Zhong Jieqiang , Mechref Yehia
Published: October 2021

Protein glycosylation is one of the most common posttranslational modifications, and plays an essential role in a wide range of biological processes such as immune response, intercellular signaling, inflammation, host–pathogen interaction, and protein stability. Glycoproteomics is a proteomics subfield dedicated to identifying and characterizing the glycans and glycoproteins in a given cell or tissue. Aberrant glycosylation has been associated with various diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, viral infections, inflammation, immune deficiencies, congenital disorders, and cancers. However, glycoproteomic analysis remains challenging because of the low abundance, site‐specific heterogeneity, and poor ionization efficiency of glycopeptides during LC–MS analyses. Therefore, the development of sensitive and accurate approaches to efficiently characterize protein glycosylation is crucial. Methods such as metabolic labeling, enrichment, and derivatization of glycopeptides, coupled with different mass spectrometry techniques and bioinformatics tools, have been developed to achieve sophisticated levels of quantitative and qualitative analyses of glycoproteins. This review attempts to update the recent developments in the field of glycoproteomics reported between 2017 and 2021.
The Effect of Cobalt Incorporation into Nickel–Iron Oxide/(oxy)hydroxide Catalyst on Electrocatalytic Performance Toward Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Cysewska Karolina , Zając Marcin , Łapiński Marcin , Karczewski Jakub , Rybarczyk Maria K. , Kamecki Bartosz , Jasiński Piotr , Molin Sebastian
Published: October 2021

This work presents a study on the influence of the addition of cobalt into state‐of‐the‐art nickel–iron (NiFe) mixed oxides/hydroxides/(oxy)hydroxides on their structural and morphological properties, and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalytic activity. A one‐step electrodeposition process is performed without any additives to fabricate NiFe and x cobalt‐doped nickel/iron (xCoNiFe) layer‐double‐hydroxide catalysts directly on nickel foam. The addition of cobalt nitrate in the synthesis solution significantly affects the final form of the catalyst: the addition of 2 mm cobalt nitrate into the aqueous solution of 4 mm nickel and iron nitrate stabilizes the electrochemical synthesis of the catalyst, which leads to the formation of a homogenously spread 3D interconnected structure with a high electroactive surface area (0.07 cm2, 1.1 m2 cm−2: including nickel foam substrate); it induces the formation of Ni3+ desirable for the formation of the catalytically active (oxy)hydroxides, which is not observed for the state‐of‐the‐art NiFe. The significant role of the addition of cobalt translates into improved preliminary OER catalytic stability and activity of the catalyst with an onset potential of 1.40 V, overpotential of 224 mV determined at 10 mA cm−2, and only 0.7% loss in stability after 22 h working in alkaline conditions compared with the initial parameters.
Celebrating 75 Years of Wisconsin’s Northern Highland Fishery Research Area: The Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Sass Greg G , Shaw Stephanie L , Renik Kathryn M
Published: October 2021

On June 20, 2021, the Northern Highland Fishery Research Area (NHFRA) celebrated its 75th anniversary of continuous fisheries population monitoring and compulsory angler creel census on five lakes in northern Wisconsin. In 1946, five lakes were designated as experimental fisheries research lakes and all anglers have been required to adhere to the compulsory creel census to record catch information. We review the history of the NHFRA, its role in evaluating experimental regulations, how data derived from the NHFRA were paramount in developing a critical Walleye Sander vitreus management plan for a joint tribal subsistence and recreational angling fishery, discuss the NHFRA as a training ground for early career fisheries professionals, and speculate on its future. By learning from the past and adapting to new challenges and emerging fisheries research needs, the NHFRA is poised to add to its 75-year legacy of research and training to inform science-based decision making and to prepare generations of new fisheries professionals. The 75-year history of the NHFRA exemplifies the importance of adaptation, long-term data, establishing sentinel lakes for observations of environmental change, field stations, and partnerships for successful fisheries management.
Digital at the Speed of Sunlight: Transform with Distributed Energy Resources
Authors: Carney Michael , Merkle Walter , Miller Christopher
Published: October 2021

Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) are a primary driver requiring utilities to become more digitalized. DERs are disrupting traditional distribution utility business models, creating new opportunities in the way utilities and customers generate electricity, manage load, and finance and procure resources. With more than 33 states having clean energy action plans and a majority of Americans in all 50 states supporting the actions to move the country toward 100 percent clean energy generation by 2035, utilities are being called upon to support investment in DERs. DER capacity is expected to grow through both FERC Order 2222, which would enable DER aggregators to participate in wholesale electricity markets, and in support of electric vehicles infrastructure development. The rise of DERs in response to decarbonization and clean energy goals provides an opportunity for both utilities and developers to improve grid reliability and improve the load profile on the distribution grid. The increased penetration of DERs continues to foster greater customer participation in meeting their loads while increasing pressure on utilities to interconnect and derive value from DERs and grid‐edge assets. These complexities require a significant shift in thinking and paves the way for industry leaders to think digitally.
Structural analysis of the foreland basin of the southern Longmenshan tectonic belt: New insights from magnetic fabrics
Authors: Chen Yingtao , Yu Wenxin , Li Yang , Zhang Guowei , Lu Rukui , Zhao Xiaochen , Zhang Huan
Published: October 2021

Multi‐scale intracontinental deformations were developed in response to the tectonic evolution of the southern Longmenshan tectonic belt (LMS) on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Detailed studies, including field structural analysis and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS), were conducted on sedimentary rocks in the foreland basin of the southern Longmenshan tectonic belt (FBSL) in order to better understand the tectonic evolution of the southern LMS. Field observations show that FBSL deformations are mainly characterized by broad and gentle folds in a NE–SW direction and shallow thrust faults. At least two sedimentary discontinuities and two‐stage deformations occurred after the deposition of Cretaceous strata. Samples of magnetic fabrics from the Qionglai–Changshiba profile were characterized by the triaxial magnetic susceptibility ellipsoids common in sedimentary rocks. The magnetic fabrics of the profile represent a weak deformation that was associated with layer‐parallel shortening before folding and mainly reflect the Mesozoic–Cenozoic NW–SE convergence. There are also the following atypical magnetic fabrics: magnetic foliation that is oblique to the bedding and that was associated with layer‐parallel simple shearing during folding; and magnetic lineation that is to varying degrees oblique to the strike of bedding and represents a superposition of structures. Based on the correlation results of magnetic fabrics for samples of different ages, a tectonic superposition since the Late Indosinian Orogeny was found in FBSL. By combining field structural analysis and magnetic fabrics, it was suggested herein that the FBSL is a propagation product of Mesozoic–Cenozoic deformations of southern LMS to the southeast, which therefore experienced a composite superposition of deformations. This finding provides the basis for a comprehensive understanding of the southern LMS and may shed light on the uplift of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and the tectonic response of its eastern boundary.
The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis Consortium: 10 Years of Global Collaborations in Human Brain Mapping
Authors: Thompson Paul M. , Jahanshad Neda , Schmaal Lianne , Turner Jessica A. , Winkler Anderson M. , Thomopoulos Sophia I. , Egan Gary F. , Kochunov Peter
Published: October 2021

This Special Issue of Human Brain Mapping is dedicated to a 10‐year anniversary of the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium. It reports updates from a broad range of international neuroimaging projects that pool data from around the world to answer fundamental questions in neuroscience. Since ENIGMA was formed in December 2009, the initiative grew into a worldwide effort with over 2,000 participating scientists from 45 countries, and over 50 working groups leading large‐scale studies of human brain disorders. Over the last decade, many lessons were learned on how best to pool brain data from diverse sources. Working groups were created to develop methods to analyze worldwide data from anatomical and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), resting state and task‐based functional MRI, electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The quest to understand genetic effects on human brain development and disease also led to analyses of brain scans on an unprecedented scale. Genetic roadmaps of the human cortex were created by researchers worldwide who collaborated to perform statistically well‐powered analyses of common and rare genetic variants on brain measures and rates of brain development and aging. Here, we summarize the 31 papers in this Special Issue, covering: (a) technical approaches to harmonize analysis of different types of brain imaging data, (b) reviews of the last decade of work by several of ENIGMA's clinical and technical working groups, and (c) new empirical papers reporting large‐scale international brain mapping analyses in patients with substance use disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, major depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, epilepsy, and stroke.
Mate preference and brain oscillations: Initial romantic attraction is associated with decreases in alpha‐ and lower beta‐band power
Authors: Yuan Guangjie , Liu Guangyuan
Published: October 2021

Initial romantic attraction (IRA) refers to a series of positive reactions (such as feelings of exhilaration and compulsive thinking) toward desirable potential partners, usually at initial or early‐stage encounters when no close relationship has yet been established. After decades of effort, the evolutionary value and key characteristics of IRA are well understood. However, the brain mechanisms associated with IRA are unclear. To address this question, we simulated a mate selection platform similar to that of Tinder. When participants assessed their romantic interest in potential partners on the platform, their electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were recorded in real time. The behavioral data demonstrated that IRA to ideal potential partners mainly reflects the dimensions of arousal and domination. The main study finding was that processing of the individual preference faces that resulted in IRA was associated with a decrease in power in the alpha and lower beta bands over the posterior and anterior sensor clusters; this occurred between 870 and 2,000 ms post‐stimulus. Key findings regarding event‐related potentials (ERPs) sensitive to individual stimuli preferences were replicated. The results support the hypothesis that brain oscillations in the alpha and lower beta range may reflect modulation in cortical activity associated with individual mate preferences.
Cycle‐network expansion plan in Oslo: Modeling cost‐effectiveness analysis and health equity impact
Authors: Lamu Admassu N. , Norheim Ole F. , Gregersen Fredrik A. , Barra Mathias
Published: October 2021

Physical inactivity is the leading cause of non‐communicable diseases, and further research on the cost‐effectiveness of interventions that target inactivity is warranted. Socioeconomic status is vital in this process. We aim to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of a cycle‐network expansion plan in Oslo compared to the status quo by income quintiles. We applied a Markov model using a public payer perspective. Health outcomes were measured by quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) gained from the prevention of coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. We measured equity impact by the concentration index and social welfare using the achievement index. We conducted sensitivity analyses. The intervention was generally more costly and more effective than the status quo. Incremental cost per QALY falls with income quintile, ranging from $10,098 in the richest quintile to $23,053 per QALY gained in the poorest quintile. The base‐case intervention increased health inequality. However, a scenario targeting low‐income quintiles reduced inequality and increased social welfare. In conclusion, the cycle‐network expansion is likely to be cost‐effective, but with equity concerns. If decision makers care about health inequalities, the disadvantaged groups could be targeted to produce more equitable and socially desirable outcomes instead of a uniform intervention across income quintiles.
Mechanisms of pain and their manifestations in head and neck cancer: Importance of classifying pain subtypes
Authors: Lou Dianne I. , Dietrich Mary S. , Deng Jie , Murphy Barbara A.
Published: October 2021

Background

Pain is an under‐recognized complaint among head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors. Treatment is hindered by inadequate characterization of pain.

Methods

A secondary analysis from a prospective, longitudinal study was conducted to characterize pain prevalence, quality, and functional consequences in 77 HNC patients. Pain and pain‐related outcomes were captured before treatment, at end‐of‐treatment, and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post‐treatment.

Results

Pain was most prevalent at end‐of‐treatment and declined over time. Chronicity of pain was established by 6 months post‐treatment. Oral mucosal neuropathic pain was the most common chronic pain subtype at 12 months post‐treatment. Widespread joint and muscle pain was also present at lower numbers. 40.2% of patients continued to require analgesics at 12 months.

Conclusion

Peripheral and central pain subtypes contribute significantly to chronic pain in HNC survivors. Preventive and treatment regimens should be tailored to specific pain subtypes for optimal symptom control.