bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Searching for the Wγ decay of a charged Higgs boson
Authors: Logan Heather E. , Wu Yongcheng
Published: November 2018

Abstract

We study the prospects for charged Higgs boson searches in the Wγ decay channel. This loop-induced decay channel can be important if the charged Higgs is fermiophobic, particularly when its mass is below the WZ threshold. We identify useful kinematic observables and evaluate the future Large Hadron Collider sensitivity to this channel using the custodial-fiveplet charged Higgs in the Georgi-Machacek model as a fermiophobic benchmark. We show that the LHC with 300 fb−1 of data at 14 TeV will be able to exclude charged Higgs masses below about 130 GeV for almost any value of the SU(2)
L
-triplet vacuum expectation value in the model, and masses up to 200 GeV and beyond when the triplet vacuum expectation value is very small. We describe the signal simulation tools created for this analysis, which have been made publicly available.
Union Transitions and Fertility Within First Premarital Cohabitations in Canada: Diverging Patterns by Education?
Authors: Wright Laura
Published: November 2018

Cohabitation has become increasingly accepted and normalized as part of the family system in Canada and has become the most common way to form a first union. The changing role of cohabitation in the family system is often understood as being driven by the ideational changes associated with the second demographic transition, but increasing international evidence indicates that this explanation is incomplete. Using nationally representative retrospective data from Canadians born between 1940 and 1979 from the 2011 General Social Survey, this study examines transitions out of first premarital cohabitation and fertility within these unions as two measures of the changing role of cohabitation. Across birth cohorts, Canadians are increasingly likely to use cohabitation as an alternative to marriage and less likely to use cohabitation as a short-lived prelude to marriage. These overall trends support the second demographic transition perspective. However, this study also finds that Canadians without a bachelor’s degree are far more likely to experience a birth within cohabitation and that their likelihood of transitioning to marriage has declined steeply across birth cohorts. This educational gradient in childbearing in cohabitation and the increasing educational differences in union transitions over time provide support for the diverging destinies thesis in Canada.
Tactical Extremism
Authors: EGUIA JON X. , GIOVANNONI FRANCESCO
Published: November 2018

We provide an instrumental theory of extreme campaign platforms. By
adopting an extreme platform, a previously mainstream party with a
relatively small probability of winning further reduces its chances.
On the other hand, the party builds credibility as the one most
capable of delivering an alternative to mainstream policies. The
party gambles that if down the road voters become dissatisfied with
the status quo and seek something different, the party will be there
ready with a credible alternative. In essence, the party sacrifices
the most immediate election to invest in greater future success. We
call this phenomenon tactical extremism. We show
under which conditions we expect tactical extremism to arise and we
discuss its welfare implications.
MALE ANXIETY AMONG YOUNGER SONS OF THE ENGLISH LANDED GENTRY, 1700–1900
Authors: FRENCH HENRY , ROTHERY MARK
Published: November 2018

Younger sons of the gentry occupied a precarious and unstable position in society. They were born into wealthy and privileged families yet, within the system of primogeniture, were required to make their own way in the world. As elite men, their status rested on independence and patriarchal authority, attaining anything less could be deemed a failure. This article explores the way that these pressures on younger sons emerged, at a crucial point in the process of early adulthood, as anxiety on their part and on the part of their families. Using the correspondence of eleven English gentry families across this period, we explore the emotion of anxiety in this context: the way that it revealed ‘anxious masculinities’; the way anxiety was traded within an emotional economy; the uses to which anxiety was put. We argue that anxiety was an important and formative emotion within the gentry community and that the expression of anxiety persisted among younger sons and their guardians across this period. We therefore argue for continuity in the anxieties experienced within this emotional community.
Sovereign equality as misrecognition
Authors: Zarakol Ayşe
Published: November 2018

This article makes two contributions. First, I argue that contrary to what was often assumed in the recognition literature, social hierarchies (as in the Hegelian master–slave dynamic) are very stable. Though social hierarchies are relationships of misrecognition, they nevertheless allow for the simulation of recognition for ‘the master’, and also trap ‘the slave’ in that role through stigmatisation. Second, I make a historical argument about the state and its role in recognition struggles. The modern state is relatively unique (historically speaking) in being tasked with solving the recognition problems of its citizens. At the same time, the modern state has to derive its own sovereignty from the recognition of those same citizens. There is an inherent tension between these two facts, which forces the modern state to turn increasingly outward for its own recognition. This is why ‘the master–slave dynamic’ was increasingly projected onto the international stage from nineteenth century onwards (along with the diffusion of the modern state model). As a result, international recognition came to play an even larger role in state sovereignty than domestic recognition (in contrast to common historical practice). This also explains how and why social hierarchies came to dominate international politics around the same time as the norm of sovereign equality.
Misrecognition in legal practice: the aporia of the Family of Nations
Authors: Aalberts Tanja
Published: November 2018

This article discusses the concept of misrecognition to analyse international legal ordering in the practice of colonial treatymaking. As critical interventions to the debate on recognition have made clear, recognition is about exclusion as much as it is about inclusion. The most obvious example is the nineteenth-century applications of the standard of civilisation, where the European Family of Nations introduced the criterion of ‘civilisation’, which excluded non-European entities as sovereigns and legitimised their colonisation. But at the same time colonial treaties included the ‘savage rulers’ as signatory powers, and thus legal persons within the international legal order that at once excluded them. This contribution to the Special Issue discusses these treatymaking practices as a practice of misrecognition; not because it misrecognises some natural, essential, or true identity of the indigenous entities, but as a misrecognition of the international order’s own conditions of possibility through practices that simultaneously constitute that order and undermine its constitutive conditions. A rereading of Hegel’s famous master–slave metaphor through the concept of misrecognition sheds light on the reversals and contradictions of the colonial legal enterprise and reveals the aporia of the contemporary international legal order by showing the void at its heart.
Exploration von Kompetenzprofilen psychiatrisch Pflegender
Authors: Anderl-Doliwa Brigitte
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung. Es ist nicht ausreichend klar, welche Kompeten- zen Pflegende, die im ambulanten psychiatrischen Setting tätig sind, für ihre tägliche Arbeit benötigen und welchen Stellenwert diese Kompetenzen in der täglichen Arbeit haben. Diese Studie zeigt, welche Profile sich ergaben, welche einen Rah- men stellen, in dem die Kompetenzen in der ambulanten psychiatrischen Pflege eingeordnet werden können. Konkret sind dies Therapeutisches Coaching, Begleitende Alltagshilfe und Fallsteuerung. Die beschriebenen Kompetenzprofile sind geeignet, Qualifizierungsbedarfe für die Tätigkeit in ambulanten, aufsuchenden Settings für psychiatrisch Pflegende abzuleiten. Insbesondere die Handlungsfelder Coaching, Psychotherapie und Case-Management sind hier hervorzuheben.
Temporal Change of Export Production at Xisha of the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Chen Yinchao , Wu Zhengchao , Li Qian P.
Published: November 2018

Physical‐biological interaction within the upper ocean influences fixed organic carbon with various efficiencies leading to spatial and temporal change of carbon export in the ocean, which is important for global biogeochemical dynamics but is inadequately understood in the northern South China Sea (NSCS). Here the temporal variations of primary and export production are investigated using a 1‐D physical‐biogeochemical coupling model at a pelagic station of Xisha (XS) in the NSCS. At this station, the model reproduces the satellite sea surface observations, the depth‐integrated primary production, and the sinking flux of particulate organic carbon at 500 m from a moored sediment trap. By synthesizing these results, we investigate the long‐term dynamics of the biological pump with the focus on export production. We compared our results at XS with that at A Long‐Term Oligotrophic Habitat Assessment (ALOHA) in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. While the surface export at XS is greater than ALOHA, the stronger subsurface remineralization at XS has resulted in a similar week biological pump as ALOHA. The high surface export and subsurface flux attenuation at XS are caused by its physical dynamics that support a stronger upward nitrate flux than ALOHA. We also find a time lag of about 20 days between primary production and export production at XS, which has led to the large variability of export ratios in the subsurface layers. Further analyses suggest that the temporal variations of primary and export productions are largely driven by the change of turbulent mixing and Ekman pumping that control the vertical nutrient fluxes into the upper ocean.
Overcoming the Challenges Associated with Image‐Based Mapping of Small Bodies in Preparation for the OSIRIS‐REx Mission to (101955) Bennu
Authors: DellaGiustina D. N. , Bennett C. A. , Becker K. , Golish D. R. , Le Corre L. , Cook D. A. , Edmundson K. L. , Chojnacki M. , Sutton S. S. , Milazzo M. P. , Carcich B. , Nolan M. C. , Habib N. , Burke K. N. , Becker T. , Smith P. H. , Walsh K. J. , Getzandanner K. , Wibben D. R. , Leonard J. M. , Westermann M. M. , Polit A. T. , Kidd J. N. , Hergenrother C. W. , Boynton W. V. , Backer J. , Sides S. , Mapel J. , Berry K. , Roper H. , Drouet d'Aubigny C. , Rizk B. , Crombie M. K. , Kinney‐Spano E. K. , de León J. , Rizos J. L. , Licandro J. , Campins H. C. , Clark B. E. , Enos H. L. , Lauretta D. S.
Published: November 2018

The OSIRIS‐REx Asteroid Sample Return Mission is the third mission in National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s New Frontiers Program and is the first U.S. mission to return samples from an asteroid to Earth. The most important decision ahead of the OSIRIS‐REx team is the selection of a prime sample‐site on the surface of asteroid (101955) Bennu. Mission success hinges on identifying a site that is safe and has regolith that can readily be ingested by the spacecraft's sampling mechanism. To inform this mission‐critical decision, the surface of Bennu is mapped using the OSIRIS‐REx Camera Suite and the images are used to develop several foundational data products. Acquiring the necessary inputs to these data products requires observational strategies that are defined specifically to overcome the challenges associated with mapping a small irregular body. We present these strategies in the context of assessing candidate sample sites at Bennu according to a framework of decisions regarding the relative safety, sampleability, and scientific value across the asteroid's surface. To create data products that aid these assessments, we describe the best practices developed by the OSIRIS‐REx team for image‐based mapping of irregular small bodies. We emphasize the importance of using 3‐D shape models and the ability to work in body‐fixed rectangular coordinates when dealing with planetary surfaces that cannot be uniquely addressed by body‐fixed latitude and longitude.
Annual Rossby Waves Below the Pycnocline in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Nagura Motoki
Published: November 2018

Annual variability in pressure and horizontal velocity below the pycnocline of the Indian Ocean is examined using in situ observations obtained from Argo floats and conductivity‐temperature‐depth sensors. Pressure and velocity at 1,000‐m depth show significant annual variability in the Arabian Sea and between 10°S and 20°S in the South Indian Ocean. Wavenumbers were estimated by fitting a straight line to annual harmonic phase by amplitude‐weighted least squares fit. Results showed that vertical wavenumber tends to decrease poleward in both hemispheres, and vertical wavelength is more than tripled from about 5,000 m at 5°N/S to 16,000 m at 20°N/S. The inverse radius of deformation squared (defined as f2m2/N2) does not show clear dependence on latitude, because poleward increase in the magnitude of the Coriolis parameter (f) compensates for poleward decrease in vertical wavenumber (m), and Brunt‐Väisälä frequency (N) varies little meridionally in the analysis domain. According to the dispersion relation of quasi‐geostrophic Rossby waves, these meridional structures in m and deformation radius result in steeper angle of ray trajectory at a higher latitude in the longitude‐depth plane. Energy estimated from in situ observations shows a consistent pattern with this expectation. The line of constant phase of annual pressure harmonic is steeper in angle at higher latitudes, which is also expected from the uniform deformation radius and constant N. This result indicates that energy penetrates deeper at higher latitudes.
What Limits Predictive Certainty of Long‐Term Carbon Uptake?
Authors: Raczka Brett , Dietze Michael C. , Serbin Shawn P. , Davis Kenneth J.
Published: November 2018

Terrestrial biosphere models can help identify physical processes that control carbon dynamics, including land‐atmosphere CO2 fluxes, and have the potential to project the terrestrial ecosystem response to changing climate. It is important to identify ecosystem processes most responsible for model predictive uncertainty and design improved model representation and observational system studies to reduce that uncertainty. Here we identified model parameters that contribute the most uncertainty to long‐term (~100 years) projections of net ecosystem exchange, net primary production, and aboveground biomass within a mechanistic terrestrial biosphere model (Ecosystem Demography, version 2.1) ED2. An uncertainty analysis identified parameters that represent the quantum efficiency of light to photosynthetic conversion, leaf respiration and soil‐plant water transfer as the highest contributors to model uncertainty regardless of time frame (annual, decadal, and centennial) and output (e.g., net ecosystem exchange, net primary production, aboveground biomass). Contrary to expectations, the contribution of successional processes related to reproduction, competition, and mortality did not increase as the time scale increased. These findings suggest that uncertainty in the parameters governing short‐term ecosystem processes remains the most significant bottleneck to reducing predictive uncertainty. Key actions to reduce parameter uncertainty include more leaf‐level trait measurements across multiple sites for quantum efficiency and leaf respiration rate. Further, the empirical representation of soil‐plant water transfer should be replaced with a mechanistic, hydraulic representation of water flow, which can be constrained with direct measurements. This analysis focused on aboveground ecosystem processes. The impact of belowground carbon cycling, initial conditions, and meteorological forcing should be addressed in future studies.
Correction: Healthy dietary indices and risk of depressive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Lassale Camille , Batty G. David , Baghdadli Amaria , Jacka Felice , Sánchez-Villegas Almudena , Kivimäki Mika , Akbaraly Tasnime
Published: November 2018

This article was originally published under standard licence, but has now been made available under a CC BY 4.0 license. The PDF and HTML versions of the paper have been modified accordingly.
Quantifying post-transcriptional regulation in the development of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Becker Kolja , Bluhm Alina , Casas-Vila Nuria , Dinges Nadja , Dejung Mario , Sayols Sergi , Kreutz Clemens , Roignant Jean-Yves , Butter Falk , Legewie Stefan
Published: November 2018

Even though proteins are produced from mRNA, the correlation between mRNA levels and protein abundances is moderate in most studies, occasionally attributed to complex post-transcriptional regulation. To address this, we generate a paired transcriptome/proteome time course dataset with 14 time points during Drosophila embryogenesis. Despite a limited mRNA-protein correlation (ρ = 0.54), mathematical models describing protein translation and degradation explain 84% of protein time-courses based on the measured mRNA dynamics without assuming complex post transcriptional regulation, and allow for classification of most proteins into four distinct regulatory scenarios. By performing an in-depth characterization of the putatively post-transcriptionally regulated genes, we postulate that the RNA-binding protein Hrb98DE is involved in post-transcriptional control of sugar metabolism in early embryogenesis and partially validate this hypothesis using Hrb98DE knockdown. In summary, we present a systems biology framework for the identification of post-transcriptional gene regulation from large-scale, time-resolved transcriptome and proteome data.
Crack growth and energy dissipation in paper
Authors: Hanifpour Maryam , Mäkinen Tero , Koivisto Juha , Ovaska Markus , Alava Mikko J.
Published: November 2018

Here, we follow the stable propagation of a roughening crack using simultaneously Digital Image Correlation and Infra-Red imaging. In a quasi-two-dimensional paper sample, the crack tip and ahead of that the fracture process zone follow the slowly, diffusively moving “hot spot” ahead of the tip. This also holds when the crack starts to roughen during propagation. The well-established intermittency of the crack advancement and the roughening of the crack in paper are thus subject to the dissipation and decohesion in the hot spot zone. They are therefore not only a result of the depinning of the crack in a heterogeneous material.
Deep Semi Supervised Generative Learning for Automated Tumor Proportion Scoring on NSCLC Tissue Needle Biopsies
Authors: Kapil Ansh , Meier Armin , Zuraw Aleksandra , Steele Keith E. , Rebelatto Marlon C. , Schmidt Günter , Brieu Nicolas
Published: November 2018

The level of PD-L1 expression in immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays is a key biomarker for the identification of Non-Small-Cell-Lung-Cancer (NSCLC) patients that may respond to anti PD-1/PD-L1 treatments. The quantification of PD-L1 expression currently includes the visual estimation by a pathologist of the percentage (tumor proportional scoring or TPS) of tumor cells showing PD-L1 staining. Known challenges like differences in positivity estimation around clinically relevant cut-offs and sub-optimal quality of samples makes visual scoring tedious and subjective, yielding a scoring variability between pathologists. In this work, we propose a novel deep learning solution that enables the first automated and objective scoring of PD-L1 expression in late stage NSCLC needle biopsies. To account for the low amount of tissue available in biopsy images and to restrict the amount of manual annotations necessary for training, we explore the use of semi-supervised approaches against standard fully supervised methods. We consolidate the manual annotations used for training as well the visual TPS scores used for quantitative evaluation with multiple pathologists. Concordance measures computed on a set of slides unseen during training provide evidence that our automatic scoring method matches visual scoring on the considered dataset while ensuring repeatability and objectivity.
A biophysical study on the mechanism of interactions of DOX or PTX with α-lactalbumin as a delivery carrier
Authors: Delavari Behdad , Mamashli Fatemeh , Bigdeli Bahareh , Poursoleiman Atefeh , Karami Leila , Zolmajd-Haghighi Zahra , Ghasemi Atiyeh , Samaei-Daryan Samaneh , Hosseini Morteza , Haertlé Thomas , Muronetz Vladimir I. , Halskau Øyvind , Moosavi-Movahedi Ali Akbar , Goliaei Bahram , Rezayan Ali Hossein , Saboury Ali Akbar
Published: November 2018

Doxorubicin and paclitaxel, two hydrophobic chemotherapeutic agents, are used in cancer therapies. Presence of hydrophobic patches and a flexible fold could probably make α-Lactalbumin a suitable carrier for hydrophobic drugs. In the present study, a variety of thermodynamic, spectroscopic, computational, and cellular techniques were applied to assess α-lactalbumin potential as a carrier for doxorubicin and paclitaxel. According to isothermal titration calorimetry data, the interaction between α-lactalbumin and doxorubicin or paclitaxel is spontaneous and the K (M−1) value for the interaction of α-lactalbumin and paclitaxel is higher than that for doxorubicin. Differential scanning calorimetry and anisotropy results indicated formation of α-lactalbumin complexes with doxorubicin or paclitaxel. Furthermore, molecular docking and dynamic studies revealed that TRPs are not involved in α-Lac’s interaction with Doxorubicin while TRP 60 interacts with paclitaxel. Based on Pace analysis to determine protein thermal stability, doxorubicin and paclitaxel induced higher and lower thermal stability in α-lactalbumin, respectively. Besides, fluorescence lifetime measurements reflected that the interaction between α-lactalbumin with doxorubicin or paclitaxel was of static nature. Therefore, the authors hypothesized that α-lactalbumin could serve as a carrier for doxorubicin and paclitaxel by reducing cytotoxicity and apoptosis which was demonstrated during ourin vitrocell studies.
A rare human CEP290 variant disrupts the molecular integrity of the primary cilium and impairs Sonic Hedgehog machinery
Authors: Kilander Michaela B. C. , Wang Chun-Hung , Chang Chia-Hsiang , Nestor Jonathan E. , Herold Kevin , Tsai Jin-Wu , Nestor Michael W. , Lin Yu-Chih
Published: November 2018

The primary cilium is a microtubule-enriched cell-communication organelle that participates in mechanisms controlling tissue development and maintenance, including cerebellar architecture. Centrosomal protein of 290 kDa (CEP290) is a protein important for centrosomal function and ciliogenesis. Mutations in CEP290 have been linked to a group of multi-organ disorders - termed ciliopathies. The neurophysiological deficits observed in ciliopathies are sometimes associated with the progression of autistic traits. Here, the cellular function of two rare variants of CEP290 identified from recent exome sequencing of autistic individuals are investigated. Cells expressing Cep290 carrying the missense mutation R1747Q in mouse exhibited a defective Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalling response, mislocalisation of the Shh receptor Smoothened (Smo), and dysregulation of ciliary protein mobility, which ultimately disrupted the proliferation of cerebellar granule progenitors (CGPs). This data was furthermore corroborated in an autism patient-derived iPSC line harbouring the R1746Q rare CEP290 variant. Evidence from this study suggests that the R1746Q mutation interferes with the function of CEP290 to maintain the ciliary diffusion barrier and disrupts the integrity of the molecular composition in the primary cilium, which may contribute to alterations in neuroarchitecture.
Delineating Areas of Past Environmental Degradation near Smelters using Rock Coatings: A Case Study at Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec
Authors: Leverington David W. , Schindler Michael
Published: November 2018

Emissions of SO2 from smelters can promote formation of acid rain, which can dissolve siliceous minerals on exposed rock surfaces and promote the formation of silica gel layers within which detrital and smelter-derived particulates can become trapped. These processes of dissolution and entrapment can result in the formation of rock coatings that contain elevated levels of heavy metals. Between 1927 and 1976, the Horne smelter processed sulfide ore derived from the Rouyn-Noranda region and became one of the largest emitters of particulates and sulfur dioxide in North America, promoting the formation of coatings on nearby rock surfaces. The reflectance spectra of these coatings are relatively flat, with typical reflectance values ranging between ~5% at visible wavelengths and ~16% in the shortwave infrared. Absorption troughs in coating spectra are consistent with the presence of materials including opaline silica, olivine, pyroxene, hydrous phyllosilicates, and sulfates. Classification of Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager data indicates that rock coatings near Rouyn-Noranda comprise a total surface area of ~1.5 km2, nearly all of which is located within ~6 km of the Horne smelter. Remote sensing techniques can used to delineate the geographic extents of coatings near smelters, highlighting areas previously subjected to severe environmental degradation.
Low-pressure micro-mechanical re-adaptation device sustainably and effectively improves locomotor recovery from complete spinal cord injury
Authors: Estrada Veronica , Krebbers Julia , Voss Christian , Brazda Nicole , Blazyca Heinrich , Illgen Jennifer , Seide Klaus , Jürgens Christian , Müller Jörg , Martini Rudolf , Trieu Hoc Khiem , Müller Hans Werner
Published: November 2018

Traumatic spinal cord injuries result in impairment or even complete loss of motor, sensory and autonomic functions. Recovery after complete spinal cord injury is very limited even in animal models receiving elaborate combinatorial treatments. Recently, we described an implantable microsystem (microconnector) for low-pressure re-adaption of severed spinal stumps in rat. Here we investigate the long-term structural and functional outcome following microconnector implantation after complete spinal cord transection. Re-adaptation of spinal stumps supports formation of a tissue bridge, glial and vascular cell invasion, motor axon regeneration and myelination, resulting in partial recovery of motor-evoked potentials and a thus far unmet improvement of locomotor behaviour. The recovery lasts for at least 5 months. Despite a late partial decline, motor recovery remains significantly superior to controls. Our findings demonstrate that microsystem technology can foster long-lasting functional improvement after complete spinal injury, providing a new and effective tool for combinatorial therapies.
A facile and general approach for the preparation of boronic acid-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for the selective enrichment of glycoproteins
Authors: Xue Xiaoting , Lu Rui , Liu Min , Li Yi , Li Jiansheng , Wang Lianjun
Published: November 2018

Biomedical applications and biomarkers for early clinical diagnostics and the treatment of diseases demand efficient and selective enrichment platforms for glycoproteins.
Photo-selective chain end transformation of polyacrylate-iodide using cysteamine and its application to facile single-step preparation of patterned polymer brushes
Authors: Chen Chen , Wang Chen-Gang , Xiao Longqiang , Goto Atsushi
Published: November 2018

A novel photo-selective reaction for converting polymer-I to polymer-SH and polymer-H and its application to patterned functional polymer brushes.
Assessment of machine learning approaches for predicting the crystallization propensity of active pharmaceutical ingredients
Authors: Ghosh Ayana , Louis Lydie , Arora Kapildev K. , Hancock Bruno C. , Krzyzaniak Joseph F. , Meenan Paul , Nakhmanson Serge , Wood Geoffrey P. F.
Published: November 2018

This work critically evaluates a number of machine learning approaches for predicting the crystallization propensity of active pharmaceutical ingredients using a real-world dataset.
Unique crystallographic signatures of Boc-Gly-Phe-Phe-OMe and Boc-Gly-Phg-Phe-OMe and their self-association
Authors: Giri Rajat Subhra , Mandal Bhubaneswar
Published: November 2018

The crystal structures and morphology of Boc-Gly-Phe-Phe-OMe (1) and Boc-Gly-Phg-Phe-OMe (2) are reported. While 1 forms a rare open turn conformation, 2 forms a β-sheet conformation.
Comparison of Au–Ce and Au–Cu interaction over Au/CeO2–CuO catalysts for preferential CO oxidation
Authors: Jing Guojuan , Zhang Lu , Ma Yurong , Wu Jinfang , Wang Qi , Wu Guoqing , Yan Lihui , Zeng Shanghong
Published: November 2018

Au decelerates reduction of copper species, while it improves ceria reduction.
Atomistic modelling of entropy driven phase transitions between different crystal modifications in polymers: the case of poly(3-alkylthiophenes)
Authors: Casalegno Mosè , Nicolini Tommaso , Famulari Antonino , Raos Guido , Po Riccardo , Meille Stefano V.
Published: November 2018

Atomistic MD simulation allows following continuously the experimentally observed transition between form I and form II poly(3-hexylthiophene) and poly(3-butylthiophene), evidencing unexpected reorganization.
Nitrogen matters: the difference between PANH and PAH formation
Authors: Bouwman Jordy , Bodi Andras , Hemberger Patrick
Published: November 2018

Because of the large stability of the nitrile group, the N-substituted aromatic molecule quinoline does not form in the phenyl + acrylonitrile reaction, in contrast to naphthalene formation in the isoelectronic phenyl + vinylacetylene reaction.
Designing dual-functionalized carbon nanotubes with high blood–brain-barrier permeability for precise orthotopic glioma therapy
Authors: You Yuanyuan , Wang Ni , He Lizhen , Shi Changzheng , Zhang Dong , Liu Yiyong , Luo Liangping , Chen Tianfeng
Published: November 2018

Herein we synthesize a cell penetrating peptide- and cancer-targeted molecule-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube for precise orthotopic glioma therapy.
A generic green solvent concept boosting the power conversion efficiency of all-polymer solar cells to 11%
Authors: Li Zhenye , Ying Lei , Zhu Peng , Zhong Wenkai , Li Ning , Liu Feng , Huang Fei , Cao Yong
Published: November 2018

Advances in organic photovoltaic technologies have always been closely associated with a deeper understanding of bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) microstructure morphology, which is generally governed by the ink-formulation based on a single solvent or solvent mixtures.
Ultrasensitive quantification of tumor mRNAs in extracellular vesicles with an integrated microfluidic digital analysis chip
Authors: Zhang Peng , Crow Jennifer , Lella Divya , Zhou Xin , Samuel Glenson , Godwin Andrew K. , Zeng Yong
Published: November 2018

A microwell-patterned microfluidic digital mRNA analysis platform enables PCR-free, single-molecule detection of EWS-FLI1 fusion transcripts in EVs towards liquid biopsy-based non-invasive diagnosis of Ewing Sarcoma.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) as a probe for detection of charge-transfer between TiO2 and CdS nanoparticles
Authors: Guo Lin , Zhang Xiaolei , Li Peng , Han Rui , Liu Yawen , Han Xiaoxia , Zhao Bing
Published: November 2018

The differences of charge transfer processes in different assemblies were observed by the optical method of SERS.
Correction: Structure evolution, amorphization and nucleation studies of carbon-lean to -rich SiBCN powder blends prepared by mechanical alloying
Authors: Li Daxin , Yang Zhihua , Jia Dechang , Wang Shengjin , Duan Xiaoming , Liang Bin , Zhu Qishuai , Zhou Yu
Published: November 2018

Correction for ‘Structure evolution, amorphization and nucleation studies of carbon-lean to -rich SiBCN powder blends prepared by mechanical alloying’ by Daxin Li et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 48255–48271.
Chemical biology probes of mammalian GLUT structure and function
Authors: Holman Geoffrey D.
Published: November 2018

The structure and function of glucose transporters of the mammalian GLUT family of proteins has been studied over many decades, and the proteins have fascinated numerous research groups over this time. This interest is related to the importance of the GLUTs as archetypical membrane transport facilitators, as key limiters of the supply of glucose to cell metabolism, as targets of cell insulin and exercise signalling and of regulated membrane traffic, and as potential drug targets to combat cancer and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. This review focusses on the use of chemical biology approaches and sugar analogue probes to study these important proteins.
Insights into leptin signaling and male reproductive health: the missing link between overweight and subfertility?
Authors: Moreira Bruno P. , Monteiro Mariana P. , Sousa Mário , Oliveira Pedro F. , Alves Marco G.
Published: November 2018

Obesity stands as one of the greatest healthcare challenges of the 21st century. Obesity in reproductive-age men is ever more frequent and is reaching upsetting levels. At the same time, fertility has taken an inverse direction and is decreasing, leading to an increased demand for fertility treatments. In half of infertile couples, there is a male factor alone or combined with a female factor. Furthermore, male fertility parameters such as sperm count and concentration went on a downward spiral during the last few decades and are now approaching the minimum levels established to achieve successful fertilization. Hence, the hypothesis that obesity and deleterious effects in male reproductive health, as reflected in deterioration of sperm parameters, are somehow related is tempting. Most often, overweight and obese individuals present leptin levels directly proportional to the increased fat mass. Leptin, besides the well-described central hypothalamic effects, also acts in several peripheral organs, including the testes, thus highlighting a possible regulatory role in male reproductive function. In the last years, research focusing on leptin effects in male reproductive function has unveiled additional roles and molecular mechanisms of action for this hormone at the testicular level. Herein, we summarize the novel molecular signals linking metabolism and male reproductive function with a focus on leptin signaling, mitochondria and relevant pathways for the nutritional support of spermatogenesis.
Osteogenic protein-1 attenuates nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis through activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in a hyperosmotic culture
Authors: Yang Yan , Wang Xiyang , Liu Zheng , Xiao Xiao , Hu Wenkai , Sun Zhicheng
Published: November 2018

Background: Previous studies have indicated that osteogenic protein-1 has protective effects on the biological functions of intervertebral disc cells. Hyperosmolarity is an important physicochemical factor within the disc nucleus pulposus (NP) region, which obviously promotes NP cell apoptosis.

Objective: To study the effects of osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) on NP cell apoptosis induced by hyperosmolarity and the potential signaling transduction pathway.

Methods: Rat NP cells were cultured in a hyperosmotic medium with or without OP-1 addition for 7 days. Inhibitor 294002 and inhibitor FK-506 were used to investigate the role of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in this process. NP cell apoptosis were evaluated by cell apoptosis ratio, activity of caspase-3/9 and gene/protein expression of apoptosis-related molecules (Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3/cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP).

Results: OP-1 addition obviously decreased cell apoptosis ratio and caspase-3/9 activity, down-regulated gene/protein expression of pro-apoptosis molecules (Bax, caspase-3/cleaved casepase-3 and cleaved PARP), up-regulated gene/protein expression of anti-apoptosis molecule (Bcl-2) in a hyperosmotic culture. Moreover, OP-1 addition significantly increased protein expression of p-Akt and p-mTOR. Further analysis showed that addition of LY294002 and FK-506 partly attenuated these protective effects of OP-1 against NP cell apoptosis and activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in a hyperosmotic culture.

Conclusion: OP-1 can attenuate NP cell apoptosis through activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in a hyperosmotic culture. The present study sheds a new light on the protective role of OP-1 in regulating disc cell biology and provides some theoretical basis for the application of OP-1 in retarding/regenerating disc degeneration.
Current Practice of Child Grammar Intervention: A Survey of Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Finestack Lizbeth H. , Satterlund Kayla E.
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The aim of this study was to better understand current grammatical intervention approaches. Despite grammatical language being a common weakness among children with language impairment, relatively little is known about current grammatical intervention practices of speech-language pathologists (SLPs). Such information is needed to guide the development and evaluation of grammatical interventions and to identify areas in which the current practice is not empirically supported.

Method

Participants included 338 SLPs working primarily with children. Participants completed an online survey regarding their implementation of nine different grammatical intervention components, including goals, procedures, dosage, agents, contexts, goal attack strategies, service delivery models, activities, and outcome measurements. Participants also indicated how they would alter the intervention setting and dosage if resources were unlimited.

Results

We grouped participants based on the ages of children that represent the largest percentage of their caseload resulting in an early education group (
n
= 114) and an elementary group (
n
= 224). We aggregated responses from each question to gain an estimate of current implementation practices associated with each intervention component queried.

Conclusions

This study provides general guidelines of current clinical practices to help guide research on grammatical interventions for children and to promote successful translation and implementations of evidence-based treatment approaches. Results may also help clinicians and researchers better understand misalignments between empirically supported intervention approaches and current approaches for treating grammatical weaknesses.
Writing Changes and Perceptions After Traumatic Brain Injury: “Oh, by the way, I can't write”
Authors: Dinnes Carly , Hux Karen , Holmen Morgan , Martens Alaina , Smith Megan
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Language and cognitive disruptions following traumatic brain injury (TBI) can negatively affect written expression and may result in increased difficulty achieving academic, vocational, social, and personal goals; however, scarce literature exists about TBI's effect on writing abilities. The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe the experiences and perceptions of people with TBI regarding their engagement in writing activities.

Method

A transcendental phenomenological design structured the research. Data collection from 11 adults with TBI included gathering demographic and background information, completion of a TBI Symptom Checklist, and engagement in semistructured interviews.

Results

Four major themes and 21 subthemes about postinjury writing recovery and current writing status emerged from the data analysis. Participants reported the extent to which writing difficulties interfered with daily activities and identified support strategies used to address persistent challenges.

Conclusion

Understanding the writing experiences and perceptions of people with TBI can guide professionals in designing assessments and interventions to facilitate educational, vocational, social, and personal success following injury.
Relations Between Teacher Talk Characteristics and Child Language in Spoken-Language Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Classrooms
Authors: Duncan Molly K. , Lederberg Amy R.
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The aim of this study was to examine relations between teachers' conversational techniques and language gains made by their deaf and hard-of-hearing students. Specifically, we considered teachers' reformulations of child utterances, language elicitations, explicit vocabulary and syntax instruction, and wait time.

Method

This was an observational, longitudinal study that examined the characteristics of teacher talk in 25 kindergarten through second-grade classrooms of 68 deaf and hard-of-hearing children who used spoken English. Standardized assessments provided measures of child vocabulary and morphosyntax in the fall and spring of a school year. Characteristics of teacher talk were coded from classroom video recordings during the winter of that year.

Results

Hierarchical linear modeling indicated that reformulating child statements and explicitly teaching vocabulary were significant predictors of child vocabulary gains across a school year. Explicitly teaching vocabulary also significantly predicted gains in morphosyntax abilities. There were wide individual differences in the teachers' use of these conversational techniques.

Conclusion

Reformulation and explicit vocabulary instruction may be areas where training can help teachers improve, and improvements in the teachers' talk may benefit their students.
The Coexistence of Disabling Conditions in Children Who Stutter: Evidence From the National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Briley Patrick M. , Ellis Charles
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Stuttering is a disorder that has been associated with coexisting developmental disorders. To date, detailed descriptions of the coexistence of such conditions have not consistently emerged in the literature. Identifying and understanding these conditions can be important to the overall management of children who stutter (CWS). The objective of this study was to generate a profile of the existence of disabling developmental conditions among CWS using national data.

Method

Six years of data from the National Health Interview Survey (2010–2015) were analyzed for this project. The sample consisted of children whose respondents clearly indicated the presence or absence of stuttering. Chi-square tests of independence were used for comparing categorical variables; and independent-samples
t
tests, for comparing continuous variables. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used for determining the odds of having a coexisting disabling developmental condition.

Results

This study sample included 62,450 children, of which 1,231 were CWS. Overall, the presence of at least 1 disabling developmental condition was 5.5 times higher in CWS when compared with children who do not stutter. The presence of stuttering was also associated with higher odds of each of the following coexisting developmental conditions: intellectual disability (odds ratio [
OR
] = 6.67,
p
< .001), learning disability (
OR
= 5.45,
p
< .001), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder/attention-deficit disorder (
OR
= 3.09,
p
< .001), seizures (
OR
= 7.52,
p
< .001), autism/Asperger's/pervasive developmental disorder (
OR
= 5.48,
p
< .001), and any other developmental delay (
OR
= 7.10,
p
< .001).

Conclusion

Evidence from the National Health Interview Survey suggests a higher prevalence of coexisting developmental disabilities in CWS. The existence of coexisting disabling developmental conditions should be considered as part of an overall management plan for CWS.
Siamese adversarial network for object tracking
Authors: Kim H.‐I. , Park R.‐H.
Published: November 2018

In this Letter, a Siamese adversarial network tracker (SANT) is proposed. Recently, in computer vision field, generative adversarial network (GAN) has been widely used for image and video generation. Using the GAN, the proposed method constructs a Siamese adversarial network (SAN) for object tracking. Unlike existing GANs, the proposed SAN uses similarity learning with SAN discriminator. To show the effectiveness of the proposed SAN, the same structure as the residual long‐short‐term memory tracker is used. Experimental results show that the proposed SANT achieves the highest performance among existing Siamese trackers.
Seasonal steroid variations in relation to maturity stages in the female Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru in the Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Dumas Silvie , Ramirez Luna Silvia , Pintos Terán Pablo , Mañanos Evaristo , Tort Lluis
Published: November 2018

Reproductive steroid concentration and gonadal development as well as plasma cortisol were investigated during the reproductive period (April to October) of the Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru, a commercial and important local fishery species in the surrounding areas of Bahía La Paz, Gulf of California, Mexico. Gonads in April were immature and characterized by the presence of oocytes at the chromatin nucleolar and perinucleolar stages. In the next month, more than 50% of the fish showed gonads in vitellogenesis, characterized by the presence of cortical alveoli and early vitellogenic (V1) oocytes. Late vitellogenic and mature gonads were present in July, August and September. Postovulatory follicles were observed only in gonads collected in August, indicating spawning activity of these individuals. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) increased significantly (p <0.05) from April and May to July, when it reached its maximum value. A significant increase (p <0.05) in plasma testosterone (T) was also observed in July compared to previous months, and plasma estradiol (E2) concentration was significantly higher (p <0.05) in September than in April. Cortisol concentration was significantly higher (p <0.05) in September than in May. Significant differences (p <0.05) between gonadal stages were observed for GSI and E2 but not for T. We conclude that the Pacific red snapper, in the surrounding areas of Bahía de la Paz, showed an asynchronous ovarian growth starting in May when water temperature increased and that was characterized by several spawning events.
The incorporation of virtual ergonomics to improve the occupational safety condition in a factory
Authors: Kandananond Karin
Published: November 2018

Proper manual material handling (MMH) is the important step leading to the occupational safety of the workers on the shop floor as well as the productivity improvement of the manufacturing process. The objectives of this study are the application of different risk assessment methods, the redesign of the workstation to reduce the occupational risk and the utilization of software package to validate the proposed interventions. As a result, an assembly line of a product is selected as the case study to validate the proposed agenda. Afterwards, four lifting assessment methods, i.e. NIOSH lift equation, Snook Psychophysical Table, OSU Lift guidelines and ACGIH/TLV, are used to assess the hazard risk in the assembly line. After these methods are performed, the results are introduced to recommend the newly designed working conditions, i.e. postures, movements and the barriers. To validate the improved design, new configurations are simulated by the virtual ergonomic program and the ergonomic analysis is performed. The important results, e.g. low back compression and percent of population capable, are calculated by the software to determine the appropriate values which are used as the guidelines for a safe working condition. Moreover, the manufacturing process is also simulated to improve that the ergonomic redesign of the shop floor environment and another consequence of the implementation leads to the significant increase of the productivity.
Nonconservative hyperbolic systems in fluid mechanics
Authors: Aregba-Driollet Denise , Brull Stéphane , Lhébrard Xavier
Published: November 2018

This paper is devoted to the numerical approximation of nonconservative hyperbolic systems. More precisely, we consider the bitemperature Euler system and we propose two methods of discretization. The first one is a kinetic approach based on an underlying kinetic model. The second one deals with a Suliciu approach when magnetic fields are taken into account.