bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depression, professional self-efficacy, and job performance as predictors of life satisfaction: the mediating role of work engagement in nurses
Authors: Morales-García Wilter C. , Vallejos María , Sairitupa-Sanchez Liset Z. , Morales-García Sandra B. , Rivera-Lozada Oriana , Morales-García Mardel
Published: February 2024

Background

The life satisfaction and job performance of nursing professionals are affected by a multitude of factors, including work engagement, self-efficacy, and depression. The Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model provides a theoretical framework to explore these relationships.

Objective

Our study aimed to analyze the primary goal of this research, which is to examine the mediating role of work engagement in the relationship between depression, professional self-efficacy, job performance, and their impact on life satisfaction in nurses, using the JD-R theory as a guide.

Methods

This cross-sectional study involved 579 participants aged between 21 to 57 years (M = 39, SD = 9.95). Mediation analysis was used to examine the influence of depression, self-efficacy, and job performance on work engagement, and in turn, its effect on life satisfaction.

Results

Findings indicated that work engagement plays a crucial mediating role between depression, self-efficacy, job performance, and life satisfaction. Interventions to increase work engagement could assist nurses in better managing depression and improving their performance and life satisfaction.

Conclusions

Our study highlights the need for workplace policies and strategies that foster work engagement and self-efficacy among nurses while effectively managing job demands to prevent depression. Moreover, these findings underscore the importance of the JD-R theory to understand and improve nurses' job satisfaction and performance, and suggest areas for future research, including exploring other potential factors and applying these findings across different contexts and cultures.
Social and biological evaluation of antimicrobial resistance (SOBEAR) in rural India: a study protocol
Authors: Pattnaik Matrujyoti , Nayak Ashish Kumar , Karna Sonam , Rehman Tanveer , Sahoo Subrat Kumar , Palo Subrata Kumar , Kanungo Srikanta , Kshatri Jaya Singh , Parai Debaprasad , Walia Kamini , Pati Sanghamitra , Bhattacharya Debdutta
Published: February 2024

Background

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been one of the biggest global health threats in recent years, mostly in low- and middle-income countries, which requires urgent research using a multidisciplinary research approach. The use of large quantities of antimicrobial drugs inappropriately for humans, poultry and agriculture has been recognized as a leading cause of antibiotic resistance and the predominance of drug-resistance pathogens in the environment. This protocol aims to describe the use/misuse of antibiotics (ABs) in the community and evaluate clinical samples from healthcare settings to detect genes associated with antimicrobial resistance.

Methods

We will conduct a community-level survey in different villages of the Tigiria block to assess knowledge and awareness on ABs and AMR. We will conduct in-depth interviews (IDIs) with doctors, pharmacists, nurses and drug sellers, as well as focus group discussions (FGDs) with ASHA and ANM workers who are involved in antibiotic supplies to the community. Quantitative data from the community survey and qualitative data of IDIs and FGDs will be linked and analyzed using statistical modeling and iterative thematic content analysis. Specimens (stool, urine, blood and wound/pus) will be collected from clinically diagnosed patients of different healthcare centers of Tigiria block. The samples will be cultured for bacterial isolation and antibiotic sensitivity testing. Genomic DNA will be isolated from positive bacterial cultures and sequenced using PCR to evaluate high-threat multi-drug resistance organisms (MDROs), screening of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, antimicrobial genes responsible for MDR and quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs).

Conclusion

This is the community-based protocol to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, awareness and practices regarding ABs and AMR. The study protocol establishes a foundation for evaluating population-based prevalence and risk factors for AMR and MDROs in rural areas of the Odisha state, India.
The socioeconomic burden of spinal muscular atrophy in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional pilot study
Authors: Alotaibi Khloud Mubark , Alsuhaibani Mohannad , Al-Essa Khalid S. , Bamaga Ahmed Khamis , Mukhtar Amnah S. , Alrumaih Ali Mohammed , Al-Hasinah Huda F. , Aldossary Shaikhah , Alghamdi Fouad , Temsah Mohamad-Hani , Abanmy Norah , Alwhaibi Monira , Asiri Yousif , AlRuthia Yazed
Published: February 2024

Background

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare debilitating condition with a significant burden for patients and society. However, little is known about how it affects Saudi Arabia's population. The socioeconomic and medical characteristics of affected SMA patients and their caregivers are lacking.

Purpose

This study aimed to describe the socioeconomic and medical characteristics of SMA patients and caregivers in Saudi Arabia.

Patients and methods

A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted using snowball sampling. Assessment tools including EuroQol (EQ-5D-5L) and visual analog scale (EQ-VAS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Costs for Patients Questionnaire (CoPaQ) were used to assess the quality of life (QoL), anxiety, depression, and out-of-pocket expenditures.

Results

Sixty-four caregivers of SMA patients participated. Type I patients had higher sibling concordance, ICU hospitalization, and mechanical support needs. Type III patients had better QoL. Type I patients' caregivers had higher depression scores. Type III patients' caregivers had higher out-of-pocket expenditures. Forty-eight percent received supportive care, while others received SMA approved therapies.

Conclusion

SMA imposes a significant socioeconomic burden on patients and caregivers, requiring more attention from the healthcare system. Access to innovative therapies varied across SMA types. Pre-marital screening and early detection are crucial to reduce disease incidence and ensure timely treatment.
The ratio of denitrification end-products were influenced by soil pH and clay content across different texture classes in Oklahoma soils
Authors: Khalifah Shaima , Foltz Mary E.
Published: February 2024

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to stratospheric ozone depletion and global climate change. Soil denitrification has two potential end-products, N2O and dinitrogen (N2), and the ratio of these end-products (N2O:(N2O+N2) or the N2O ratio) is controlled by various factors. This study aims to quantify the influence of soil pH on the ratio of denitrification end-products in Oklahoma soils with different soil textures. Six natural grassland soils encompassing three distinct soil textures were incubated in the laboratory under natural and modified pH with an overall tested pH ranging from 2 to 10. Denitrification end-products were measured in the laboratory using the acetylene inhibition technique and further estimated using a process-based biogeochemical model. Both the laboratory and model results showed that soil pH and texture influenced the ratio of the denitrification end-products. Generally, as soil pH increased the N2O ratio decreased, although both lab and model results indicated that this relationship was not linear. Soil texture may have an indirect effect on the N2O ratio, as two soils of the same texture could have different N2O ratios. However, clay percentage of the soil did show a linear positive correlation with the N2O ratio, suggesting components of soil texture may be more influential than others. Overall, soil pH was a controlling factor in the ratio of denitrification end-products and the newly observed nonlinear relationship warrants further study, particularly when considering its effects in different soil textures.
Unveiling the Impact of Growth Traits on the Yield of Bread Wheat Germplasm Subjected to Waterlogging
Authors: Pais Isabel P. , Moreira Rita , Coelho Ana Rita , Semedo José N. , Reboredo Fernando H. , Coutinho José , Lidon Fernando C. , Maçãs Benvindo , Scotti-Campos Paula
Published: February 2024

Changes in the climate have led to the occurrence of extreme events that threaten the production of major crops, namely that of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Waterlogging imposed at the tillering stage can severely affect the yield, but several genotype features may counterbalance the negative impacts on yields. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of waterlogging on the number of fertile spikes, kernels per plant, and single kernel weight, as well as to assess the main culm and tiller participation in yields. We also investigated if the growth stages affected by stress would influence such traits. The study was conducted in climatized growth chambers using 23 genotypes from five distinct germplasm groups (Portuguese landraces, varieties with the introduced Italian germplasm, post-Green Revolution varieties with the introduced CIMMYT germplasm, advanced lines from the Portuguese wheat breeding program, Australian varieties). Variability was observed between and within the groups. Ten genotypes performed well under waterlogged conditions, showing promising results. Among these, GR-2 showed a rise in tiller yield, AdvL-3 in both the main culm and tiller yield, and the remaining ones displayed unaltered values in both the main culm and tillers. PL-1, PL-5, GR-1, GR-3, AdvL-2, Austrl-2, and Austrl-4 were able to compensate for the decreases observed for several traits, reaching harvest yield values that were unaffected in both the main culm and tillers. Rises in the tiller yield or in the tillers and main culm, GR-2 and AdvL-3 exhibited either stability or increases in all the studied parameters. Results also suggest a negative correlation between the growth stage reached during waterlogging and the effect of this stress on the number of spikes per plant, plant and tiller yield, kernel per spike (tillers), and single kernel weight (tillers). Our findings may contribute to a better understanding of wheat responses to waterlogging and to the development of solutions that mitigate the socio-economic impacts of 20–50% wheat yield reductions, thereby preserving the daily 20% supply of energy and protein required for human nutrition and global food security.
Headland Identification and Ranging Method for Autonomous Agricultural Machines
Authors: Liu Hui , Li Kun , Ma Luyao , Meng Zhijun
Published: February 2024

Headland boundary identification and ranging are the key supporting technologies for the automatic driving of intelligent agricultural machinery, and they are also the basis for controlling operational behaviors such as autonomous turning and machine lifting. The complex, unstructured environments of farmland headlands render traditional image feature extraction methods less accurate and adaptable. This study utilizes deep learning and binocular vision technologies to develop a headland boundary identification and ranging system built upon the existing automatic guided tractor test platform. A headland image annotation dataset was constructed, and the MobileNetV3 network, notable for its compact model structure, was employed to achieve binary classification recognition of farmland and headland images. An improved MV3-DeeplabV3+ image segmentation network model, leveraging an attention mechanism, was constructed, achieving a high mean intersection over union (MIoU) value of 92.08% and enabling fast and accurate detection of headland boundaries. Following the detection of headland boundaries, binocular stereo vision technology was employed to measure the boundary distances. Field experiment results indicate that the system’s average relative errors of distance in ranging at distances of 25 m, 20 m, and 15 m are 6.72%, 4.80%, and 4.35%, respectively. This system is capable of meeting the real-time detection requirements for headland boundaries.
New Convolutional Neural Network and Graph Convolutional Network-Based Architecture for AI Applications in Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia-Stage Classification
Authors: Hasan Md Easin , Wagler Amy
Published: February 2024

Neuroimaging experts in biotech industries can benefit from using cutting-edge artificial intelligence techniques for Alzheimer’s disease (AD)- and dementia-stage prediction, even though it is difficult to anticipate the precise stage of dementia and AD. Therefore, we propose a cutting-edge, computer-assisted method based on an advanced deep learning algorithm to differentiate between people with varying degrees of dementia, including healthy, very mild dementia, mild dementia, and moderate dementia classes. In this paper, four separate models were developed for classifying different dementia stages: convolutional neural networks (CNNs) built from scratch, pre-trained VGG16 with additional convolutional layers, graph convolutional networks (GCNs), and CNN-GCN models. The CNNs were implemented, and then the flattened layer output was fed to the GCN classifier, resulting in the proposed CNN-GCN architecture. A total of 6400 whole-brain magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database to train and evaluate the proposed methods. We applied the 5-fold cross-validation (CV) technique for all the models. We presented the results from the best fold out of the five folds in assessing the performance of the models developed in this study. Hence, for the best fold of the 5-fold CV, the above-mentioned models achieved an overall accuracy of 43.83%, 71.17%, 99.06%, and 100%, respectively. The CNN-GCN model, in particular, demonstrates excellent performance in classifying different stages of dementia. Understanding the stages of dementia can assist biotech industry researchers in uncovering molecular markers and pathways connected with each stage.
Molecular Identification of Babesia and Theileria Infections in Livestock in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau Area, China
Authors: Ma Yihong , Jian Yingna , Wang Geping , Li Xiuping , Wang Guanghua , Hu Yong , Yokoyama Naoaki , Ma Liqing , Xuan Xuenan
Published: February 2024

The northwestern region of China, known as the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Area (QTPA), is characterized by unique climate conditions that support the breeding of various highly-adapted livestock species. Tick vectors play a significant role in transmitting Babesia and Theileria species, posing serious risks to animal health as well as the economy of animal husbandry in QTPA. A total of 366 blood samples were collected from Tibetan sheep (n = 51), goats (n = 67), yaks (n = 43), cattle (n = 49), Bactrian camels (n = 50), horses (n = 65), and donkeys (n = 40). These samples were examined using conventional and nested PCR techniques to detect Theileria and Babesia species. The overall infection rates were 0.3% (1/366) for Babesia spp. and 38.2% (140/366) for Theileria spp. Notably, neither Babesia nor Theileria species were detected in donkeys and yaks. The infection rates of Babesia and Theileria species among animals in different prefectures were significantly different (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, B. caballi, and B. ovis were not detected in the current study. To our knowledge, this is the first documented detection of Theileria luwenshuni infection in Bactrian camels and goats, as well as T. sinesis in cattle and T. equi in horses on the Qinghai plateau. These novel findings shed light on the distribution of Babesia and Theileria species among livestock species in QTPA.
Studies Using Antibodies against Filaggrin and Filaggrin 2 in Canine Normal and Atopic Skin Biopsies
Authors: Marsella Rosanna , Ahrens Kim , Wilkes Rachel
Published: February 2024

Filaggrin is important for the skin barrier and atopic dermatitis. Another filaggrin-like protein, filaggrin 2, has been described. We evaluated antibodies against both filaggrins in normal and atopic skin biopsies from dogs before and after allergen challenges (D0, D1, D3 and D10). Filaggrins expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. We used PCR to investigate changes in filaggrin gene expression. Effects of group (p = 0.0134) and time (p = 0.0422) were shown for the intensity of filaggrin staining. Only an effect of group was found for filaggrin 2 (p = 0.0129). Atopic samples had higher intensity of staining than normal dogs [filaggrin on D3 (p = 0.0155) and filaggrin 2 on D3 (p = 0.0038) and D10 (p < 0.0001)]. Atopic samples showed increased epidermal thickness after allergen exposure (D3 vs. D0, p = 0.005), while normal dogs did not. In atopic samples, significant increased gene expression was found for filaggrin overtime but not for filaggrin 2. Western blot showed an increase in filaggrin 2 on D3. A small size band (15 kD) containing a filaggrin sequence was found in Western blots of atopic samples only. We conclude that atopic skin reacts to allergen exposure by proliferating and increasing filaggrin production but that it also has more extensive filaggrin degradation compared to normal skin.
The Effects of Glutamine Supplementation on Liver Inflammatory Response and Protein Metabolism in Muscle of Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Broilers
Authors: Zhang Bolin , Yang Qian , Liu Ning , Zhong Qingzhen , Sun Zewei
Published: February 2024

The aim of our present study was to investigate the effects of Gln supplementation on liver inflammatory responses as well as protein synthesis and degradation in the muscle of LPS-challenged broilers. A total of 120 one-day-old male broiler chickens (Arbor Acres Plus) were randomly arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design with five replicates per treatment and six broilers per replicate, containing two main factors: immune challenge (injected with LPS in a dose of 0 or 500 µg/kg of body weight) and dietary treatments (supplemented with 1.22% alanine or 1% Gln). After feeding with an alanine or Gln diet for 15 days, broilers were administrated an LPS or a saline injection at 16 and 21 days. The results showed that Gln supplementation alleviated the increased mRNA expressions of interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α induced by LPS in liver. Moreover, the increased activity of aspartate aminotransferase combined with the decreased expression of glutaminase in muscle were observed following Gln addition. In addition, in comparison with the saline treatment, LPS challenge altered the signaling molecules’ mRNA expressions associated with protein synthesis and degradation. However, Gln supplementation reversed the negative effects on protein synthesis and degradation in muscle of LPS-challenged broilers. Taken together, Gln supplementation had beneficial effects: alleviating inflammatory responses, promoting protein synthesis, and inhibiting protein degradation of LPS-challenged broilers.
Molecular Diagnosis of Footrot and Contagious Ovine Digital Dermatitis in Small Ruminants in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Benito Alfredo A. , Anía Silvia , Ramo María de los Ángeles , Baselga Cristina , Quílez Joaquín , Tejedor María Teresa , Monteagudo Luis Vicente
Published: February 2024

Contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD) and footrot (FR), a sub-acute or acute necrotic (decaying) infectious disease involving the hoof and underlying tissues, pose economic challenges to herds in Spain and worldwide. The aetiological agent for FR is Dichelobacter nodosus, while CODD is caused by pathogenic Treponema phylogroups. We detail the findings derived from the analysis by qPCR of 105 pooled samples from 100 ovine and five caprine herds in Spain and Portugal, alongside 15 samples from healthy flocks in order to identify Dichelobacter nodosus, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Treponema spp., and three pathogenic Treponema phylogroups (T. phagedenis, T. medium, and T. pedis). Treponema spp. were detected in all 120 pools, including samples from the 15 healthy flocks where only one positive result for F. necrophorum was recorded. Mixed infections by agents different from Treponema spp. were identified in 68.57% of samples. Positive results for F. necrophorum and/or D. nodosus, were obtained for 91.4% of the pools, whereas the presence of the three pathogenic Treponema phylogroups was rare: each of them appeared in isolation in a single pool, while they were found in 18 pools in combination with other agents. While F. necrophorum was the sole finding in 16.2% of samples from affected herds, D. nodosus (the footrot causative agent) was only detected in 61% of affected farms. An improved qPCR protocol was implemented to determine the serogroups of D. nodosus in the samples and found all of them (except the G serogroup), often in combined infections (35.1%). This report concludes with comprehensive proposals for diagnosing, preventing, and treating hoof ailments, remarking the interest of the information about D. nodosus serogroups in order to improve the efficiency of immunization by choosing appropriate vaccine protocols.
Alternatives to Carbon Dioxide in Two Phases for the Improvement of Broiler Chickens’ Welfare during Stunning
Authors: Rucinque Daniel Santiago , Velarde Antonio , Xercavins Aida , Varvaró-Porter Aranzazu , Gibson Troy John , Michel Virginie , Contreras-Jodar Alexandra
Published: February 2024

This study evaluated the exposure to gas mixtures of carbon dioxide (CO2) associated with nitrogen (N2) as alternatives to CO2 in two phases to improve the welfare of broiler chickens at slaughter. Broilers were exposed to one of three treatments: 40C90C (1st phase: <40% CO2 for 2 min; 2nd phase: >90% CO2 and <2% O2 for 2 min, n = 92), 40C60N (40% CO2, 60% N2, and <2% O2 for 4 min, n = 79), or 20C80N (20% CO2, 80% N2, and <2% O2 for 4 min, n = 72). Brain activity (EEG) was assessed to determine the onset of loss of consciousness (LOC) and death. Behavioural assessment allowed for characterisation of an aversive response to the treatments and confirmed loss of posture (LOP) and motionlessness as behavioural proxies of LOC and brain death in 40C60N and 20N80C. However, the lack of quality of the EEG traces obtained in 40C90C did not allow us to determine the onset of LOC and brain death for this treatment. The onset of LOC in 40C60N was found at 19 s [14–30 s] and in 20C80N at 21 s [16–37 s], whereas a LOP was seen at 53 s [26–156 s] in 40C90C. Birds showed brain death in 40C60N at 64 s [43–108 s] and in 20C80N at 70 s [45–88 s]), while they became motionless in 40C90C at 177 s [89–212 s]. The 40C90C birds not only experienced more events of aversive behaviours related to mucosal irritation, dyspnoea, and breathlessness during induction to unconsciousness but were at risk of remaining conscious when the CO2 concentration was increased in the 2nd phase (known to cause severe pain). From an animal welfare point of view, 40C60N proved to be the least aversive of the three treatments tested, followed by 20C80N and 40C90C.
Dynamics Learning Rate Bias in Pigeons: Insights from Reinforcement Learning and Neural Correlates
Authors: Jin Fuli , Yang Lifang , Yang Long , Li Jiajia , Li Mengmeng , Shang Zhigang
Published: February 2024

Research in reinforcement learning indicates that animals respond differently to positive and negative reward prediction errors, which can be calculated by assuming learning rate bias. Many studies have shown that humans and other animals have learning rate bias during learning, but it is unclear whether and how the bias changes throughout the entire learning process. Here, we recorded the behavior data and the local field potentials (LFPs) in the striatum of five pigeons performing a probabilistic learning task. Reinforcement learning models with and without learning rate biases were used to dynamically fit the pigeons’ choice behavior and estimate the option values. Furthemore, the correlation between the striatal LFPs power and the model-estimated option values was explored. We found that the pigeons’ learning rate bias shifted from negative to positive during the learning process, and the striatal Gamma (31 to 80 Hz) power correlated with the option values modulated by dynamic learning rate bias. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that pigeons employ a dynamic learning strategy in the learning process from both behavioral and neural aspects, providing valuable insights into reinforcement learning mechanisms of non-human animals.
Molecular Characterization, Expression Pattern, DNA Methylation and Gene Disruption of Figla in Blotched Snakehead (Channa maculata)
Authors: Zhang Yang , Lu Yuntao , Xu Feng , Zhang Xiaotian , Wu Yuxia , Zhao Jian , Luo Qing , Liu Haiyang , Chen Kunci , Fei Shuzhan , Cui Xiaojuan , Sun Yuandong , Ou Mi
Published: February 2024

Figla is one of the earliest expressed genes in the oocyte during ovarian development. In this study, Figla was characterized in C. maculata, one of the main aquaculture species in China, and designated as CmFigla. The length of CmFigla cDNA was 1303 bp, encoding 197 amino acids that contained a conserved bHLH domain. CmFigla revealed a female-biased expression patterns in the gonads of adult fish, and CmFigla expression was far higher in ovaries than that in testes at all gonadal development stages, especially at 60~180 days post-fertilization (dpf). Furthermore, a noteworthy inverse relationship was observed between CmFigla expression and the methylation of its promoter in the adult gonads. Gonads at 90 dpf were used for in situ hybridization (ISH), and CmFigla transcripts were mainly concentrated in oogonia and the primary oocytes in ovaries, but undetectable in the testes. These results indicated that Figla would play vital roles in the ovarian development in C. maculata. Additionally, the frame-shift mutations of CmFigla were successfully constructed through the CRISPR/Cas9 system, which established a positive foundation for further investigation on the role of Figla in the ovarian development of C. maculata. Our study provides valuable clues for exploring the regulatory mechanism of Figla in the fish ovarian development and maintenance, which would be useful for the sex control and reproduction of fish in aquaculture.
Immunotherapy Strategy for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases: Betting on CAR-T Cells and Antibodies
Authors: Chasov Vitaly , Zmievskaya Ekaterina , Ganeeva Irina , Gilyazova Elvina , Davletshin Damir , Khaliulin Marat , Kabwe Emmanuel , Davidyuk Yuriy , Valiullina Aygul , Rizvanov Albert , Bulatov Emil
Published: February 2024

Systemic autoimmune diseases (SAIDs), such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), are fully related to the unregulated innate and adaptive immune systems involved in their pathogenesis. They have similar pathogenic characteristics, including the interferon signature, loss of tolerance to self-nuclear antigens, and enhanced tissue damage like necrosis and fibrosis. Glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants, which have limited specificity and are prone to tolerance, are used as the first-line therapy. A plethora of novel immunotherapies have been developed, including monoclonal and bispecific antibodies, and other biological agents to target cellular and soluble factors involved in disease pathogenesis, such as B cells, co-stimulatory molecules, cytokines or their receptors, and signaling molecules. Many of these have shown encouraging results in clinical trials. CAR-T cell therapy is considered the most promising technique for curing autoimmune diseases, with recent successes in the treatment of SLE and SSc. Here, we overview novel therapeutic approaches based on CAR-T cells and antibodies for targeting systemic autoimmune diseases.
Acoustic Simulations Applied to the Garden of Rufolo’s Villa in Ravello: Comparison between Different Scenarios
Authors: Bevilacqua Antonella , Amadasi Giovanni , Iannace Gino , Trematerra Amelia
Published: February 2024

This manuscript treats the acoustic analysis of a garden located in Rufolo’s villa, south of Italy, which has already been studied to install some acoustic panels to improve the response across the seating area. After a campaign of acoustic measurements, acoustic simulations have been conducted based on three specific scenarios, highlighting the effectiveness of a new acoustic shell (project C) over the existing conditions (project A) and option A shell (project B). The results coming from the simulations show that the values of the main acoustic parameters are significantly improved with the installation of a scientifically designed acoustic shell, to be closer to the optimal ranges. The comparison among different projects highlights that the acoustic response of the existing conditions is not optimal, and that a marginal improvement was found with the addition of vertical panels mounted at the perimeter of the stage in combination with suspended ceiling above the stage. This research study is addressed to potentially auralize the voice or sound of famous artists that would be performing within the new acoustic shell; furthermore, the outputs could even implement the website of the Rufolo’s villa for marketing purposes.
A High-Capacity and High-Security Image Steganography Network Based on Chaotic Mapping and Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Huo Lin , Chen Ruipei , Wei Jie , Huang Lang
Published: February 2024

With the enhancement of information volume, people are not satisfied with transmitting only a single secret image at a time but chase to hide multiple secret images in a single picture; however, the large-capacity steganographic scale can easily lead to the degradation of the quality of the image, which attracts the attention of eavesdroppers. In this paper, we propose a Chaotic mapping-enHanced imAge Steganography nEtwork (CHASE), which pioneers to hide colour images in grey images and reduces the difference between the container image and the cover image through the image permutation method, so as to enhance the security of the steganography. The method demonstrates excellent steganalysis resistance in experiments and introduces Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to improve the image fidelity in large-capacity steganographic scales. The fusion of chaotic mapping and GAN optimisation enables the steganographic network to simultaneously balance security and image quality. The experimental results show that CHASE can keep the secret image with good invisibility under large-capacity steganographic scales, and at the same time, it can reveal the secret image with high fidelity, and its steganalysis-resistant capability is much better than other state-of-the-art methods.
LR-MPIBS: A LoRa-Based Maritime Position-Indicating Beacon System
Authors: Li Zhengbao , Dai Jianfeng , Luan Yuanxin , Sun Nan , Du Libin
Published: February 2024

Human marine activities are becoming increasingly frequent. The adverse marine environment has led to an increase in man overboard incidents, resulting in significant losses of life and property. After a drowning accident, the accurate location information of the drowning victim can help improve the success rate of rescue. In this paper, we explore a LoRa-based Maritime Position-Indicating Beacon System (LR-MPIBS). A low-power drowning detection circuit is designed in LR-MPIBS to detect drowning accidents in a timely manner after a person falls into the water. The instantaneous high current of the LoRa RF can lower the supply voltage and cause other modules to work abnormally. A fast current transient response circuit is proposed to solve the problem. LR-MPIBS includes a power ripple suppression circuit that can reduce the measurement errors and operational abnormalities caused by power ripple interference. We explore the impedance matching law of LoRa RF circuits through simulation experiments to improve the quality of LoRa communication. A data processing algorithm for personnel drift trajectory is proposed to alleviate the challenges caused by the raw positioning data with large deviations and high communication cost. The experimental results show that LR-MPIBS can automatically start and actively alarm within 3 s after a person falls into the water. The positioning cold start time is less than 50 s. The performance of communication distance is more than 5 km. The endurance of LR-MPIBS is 25 h (with a 30 s communication cycle).
Exploring the Relationship between Anaerobic and Morphological Characteristics and Competition Success in Young Male Slovenian Judo Athletes
Authors: Šimenko Jožef , Mahnič Nik , Kukovica David , Sertić Hrvoje , Segedi Ivan , Milić Radoje , Karpljuk Damir , Ceylan Bayram , Rauter Samo
Published: February 2024

Judo elements rely on lower and upper body muscle power, supported by the ATP-PCr energy system, which is crucial in high-intensity tasks. This study aims to assess the anaerobic status of young male competitive judokas using the upper body Wingate test and explore associations with competition performance and individual morphological characteristics. A total of 29 male judokas from the U18 and U20 age categories were tested, all actively participating in top-tier national and international competitions. Anthropometric characteristics and body composition measurements were obtained for all participants through bioelectrical impedance analysis. Anaerobic testing was conducted using the upper body Wingate test with a hand ergometer. Competition performance was recorded from the final national cup ranking list. The results presented no statistically significant correlations between morphological and anaerobic variables and competitive performance among selected participants. This highlights the importance of the necessity of updated training programs to increase the anaerobic performance of young Slovenian judokas. Additionally, it shows that in these age groups, anaerobic performance is not the crucial factor but just one piece of the puzzle in young judokas’ successful competition performance; therefore other variables should be further researched.
The Interplay of Dyslipidemia, Oxidative Stress, and Clinical Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients with and without Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Kollar Branislav , Siarnik Pavel , Konarikova Katarina , Oravec Stanislav , Klobucka Stanislava , Klobucnikova Katarina , Poddany Michal , Radikova Zofia , Janubova Maria , Turcani Peter , Gajdosova Livia , Zitnanova Ingrid
Published: February 2024

We assessed lipid and lipoprotein profiles, along with oxidative stress (OS) parameters, in patients within the crucial 24 h period following an acute ischemic stroke (AIS), comparing those with and without coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to correlate these measures with clinical condition scales (NIHSS, mRS) post-AIS. This study included 27 AIS patients without CAD (AIS group) and 37 AIS patients with CAD (CAD-AIS group). Using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Lipoprint system), we determined plasma LDL and HDL subfractions. Spectrophotometric methods were used to assess plasma antioxidant capacity, lipoperoxides, homocysteine (HC) levels, paraoxonase1, and catalase activities. We also measured urine isoprostanes and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx) with commercial kits. CAD-AIS patients had notably higher HC levels, while there were no significant differences in lipoprotein subfractions and OS parameters between both groups. In the AIS group, mRS scores showed negative correlations with catalase, GPx activities, and total cholesterol. In the CAD-AIS group, atherogenic lipoproteins (IDLC, LDL2, LDL3–7) exhibited a significant positive correlation with mRS. This study underscores the role of dyslipidemia and OS in the development of AIS and CAD. It emphasizes the complex connections between specific biomarkers and post-stroke clinical outcomes. Our results suggest a significant impact of CAD treatment on lipid profile but not on homocysteine levels. The traditional narrative associating high cholesterol as the ultimate risk factor for cardiovascular diseases needs to be challenged, at least with respect to neurological outcomes. These insights may guide more targeted therapeutic approaches.
Prediction of the Compressive Strength of Vibrocentrifuged Concrete Using Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Beskopylny Alexey N. , Stel’makh Sergey A. , Shcherban’ Evgenii M. , Mailyan Levon R. , Meskhi Besarion , Razveeva Irina , Kozhakin Alexey , Pembek Anton , Elshaeva Diana , Chernil’nik Andrei , Beskopylny Nikita
Published: February 2024

The determination of mechanical properties for different building materials is a highly relevant and practical field of application for machine learning (ML) techniques within the construction sector. When working with vibrocentrifuged concrete products and structures, it is crucial to consider factors related to the impact of aggressive environments. Artificial intelligence methods can enhance the prediction of vibrocentrifuged concrete properties through the use of specialized machine learning algorithms for materials’ strength determination. The aim of this article is to establish and evaluate machine learning algorithms, specifically Linear Regression (LR), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Random Forest (RF), CatBoost (CB), for the prediction of compressive strength in vibrocentrifuged concrete under diverse aggressive operational conditions. This is achieved by utilizing a comprehensive database of experimental values obtained in laboratory settings. The following metrics were used to analyze the accuracy of the constructed regression models: Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and coefficient of determination (R2). The average MAPE in the range from 2% (RF, CB) to 7% (LR, SVR) allowed us to draw conclusions about the possibility of using “smart” algorithms in the development of compositions and quality control of vibrocentrifuged concrete, which ultimately entails the improvement and acceleration of the construction and building materials manufacture. The best model, CatBoost, showed MAE = 0.89, MSE = 4.37, RMSE = 2.09, MAPE = 2% and R2 = 0.94.
Experimental and Numerical Assessment of the Thermal Bridging Effect in a Reinforced Concrete Corner Pillar
Authors: Evola Gianpiero , Gagliano Antonio
Published: February 2024

This paper discusses experimental and simulated data regarding the thermal bridging effect in a reinforced concrete corner pillar, which belongs to a building dating back to the 1980s and located in Southern Italy. The thermal field determined by the concrete pillar corner has been evaluated, introducing an experimental procedure based on both direct measurements and indirect observations of the inner superficial temperature by means of thermal imaging techniques and surface temperature probes. Moreover, indoor and outdoor air temperature and relative humidity were measured to provide suitable boundary conditions in the numerical simulations, performed with a commercial software tool widely used in Italy based on 2D finite element techniques. The experimental measurements show that, at more than 50 cm from the corner, the surface temperatures become almost constant, meaning that the thermal bridging effect becomes less evident. However, the surface temperature in the corner is around 1.5 °C lower than in the undisturbed flanking walls. In terms of local heat flux, the discrepancy between simulations and measurements is below 3%. Finally, this paper verifies the effectiveness of External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS) renovation in reducing the thermal bridging effect of the corner pillar. The results also include the calculation of the linear thermal transmittance with a series of relations available in well-known atlases for thermal bridges and show that these relations are more reliable in the case of uninsulated pillar than for the insulated one.
The Effects of Various Silicate Coatings on the Durability of Concrete: Mechanisms and Implications
Authors: Li Jinfu , Song Jiale , Zhang Shuheng , Liu Wei , Cui Zhaokuan , Li Weiguang
Published: February 2024

Silicate solutions can improve the durability of concrete conveniently and effectively. To horizontally compare the enhancement effects of different composite silicate solutions, three types of silicate surface treatment agents were prepared by using sodium silicate, potassium silicate, and lithium silicate as the main agents, along with urea, sodium polyacrylate, catalysts, and fluoro-carbon surfactants as the adjuvants. Furthermore, their effects on the durability of concrete were compared. The results showed that silicate surface treatment could reduce the content of Ca(OH)2, increase the content of hydrated calcium silicate (C-S-H), and improve the compactness and hydrophobicity of the hardened cement surface. Although the three surface treatments enhanced the durability of concrete, the effects differed based on the complexities and mixtures. The sodium silicate compounded with potassium silicate performed the best of all three, wherein the content of the C-S-H gel increased by 389.8%, the permeability decreased by 60.6%, the water contact angle improved to 83.5° and the chloride ion resistance and freeze–thaw resistance of concrete increased by 36.7% and 37.34%, respectively, compared with the control sample.
Performance and Lifecycle of Hot Asphalt Mix Modified with Low-Percentage Polystyrene and Polybutadiene Compounds
Authors: Kozel Matúš , Remek Ľuboš , Mikolaj Ján , Mušuta Juraj , Šrámek Juraj , Mazurek Grzegorz
Published: February 2024

The paper investigates the improvement of bitumen mixture fatigue resistance and the rutting performance by using a specific low percentage of a styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) polymer, which contains polystyrene and polybutadiene compounds. A Fourier transform infrared (IR-FT) spectroscopy of the SBS polymer used in following test was carried out to ascertain the polybutadiene and polystyrene compound ratio, which may affect the modificant properties. Unmodified, low-percentage modified SBS, and common polymer-modified bitumen (PMB) as a reference were tested to ascertain the properties, fatigue resistance, and the rutting performance. The test results of the low-percentage modification with SBS are compared against unmodified mixtures and standard PMB mixtures. Finally, a simulation of the practical application was performed using the HDM-4 software (version 2.0), where the material research findings, with an emphasis on the rutting performance, were translated into the pavement performance with a varying binder course layer under simulated traffic conditions. Lifecycle analysis, with a focus on emissions production (CO2, SO2, and NOx) during pavement operation, was conducted for pavements with unmodified, low-percentage modified SBS, and standard PMB binder courses. The lifecycle analysis showed that a 3% modification of the binder course with the SBS polymer can extend the rutting parameter pavement lifecycle by approximately 34.5%, which is about half of the extension provided by the standard PMB modification. The resulting improvement in the pavement serviceability translated to a 9% reduction in CO2 and SO2 emissions and a 7.2% reduction in NOx emissions over a 20-year period.
Exploring Cost Variability and Risk Management Optimization in Natural Disaster Prevention Projects
Authors: Cho Jin-Ho , Shin Young-Su , Kim Jae-June , Kim Byung-Soo
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze the causes of cost variation in natural disaster prevention projects (NDPPs) in Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea, and develop tailored cost and risk management strategies. Utilizing a binary logistic regression model, this research uniquely focuses on the Gyeongsangbuk-do region, gathering data from 244 stakeholders through an online survey. The study identifies critical variables influencing cost deviation, including project management risk (PMR), project costing and execution risk (PCER), project execution strategy risk (PESR), construction project risk (CPR), project cost and schedule risk (PCSR), project management challenges (PMCs), and construction project subcontractor and safety management (CPSSM). Significant findings revealed PMR (OR = 3.744, 95% C.I. [1.657, 8.457]), PCER (OR = 5.068, 95% C.I. [2.236, 11.484]), and PESR (OR = 3.447, 95% C.I. [1.853, 6.413]) as the primary causes of cost deviation, alongside the notable impacts of other factors such as CPSSM. The developed predictive model is instrumental for NDPP stakeholders in Gyeongsangbuk-do, providing advanced risk management capabilities and aiding in effective preventive measures. This study not only corroborates theoretical hypotheses from previous research but also offers new insights into cost deviation causes in NDPPs, thereby enhancing strategic decision-making and advancing risk management perspectives.
Recurrence and Survival Following Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Synchronous and Metachronous Peritoneal Metastases of Colorectal Origin
Authors: Nielsen Mette Fugleberg , Ravn Sissel , Sørensen Mette Møller , Funder Jonas Amstrup , Iversen Lene Hjerrild
Published: February 2024

Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has improved the 5-year survival for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with peritoneal metastases (PM). Little is known about recurrence patterns and recurrence rates between synchronous (S) and metachronous (M) PM following CRS+HIPEC. We aimed to describe the recurrence patterns, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in S-PM and M-PM patients after complete CRS+HIPEC. From June 2006 to December 2020, a prospective cohort study included 310 CRC patients, where 181 patients had S-PM (58.4%) and 129 patients had M-PM (41.6%). After a median 10.3-month follow-up, 247/310 (79.7%) patients experienced recurrence, and recurrence sites included isolated peritoneal (32.4%), multifocal (peritoneal and liver and/or lung(s)) (22.7%), isolated liver (17.8%), isolated lung (10.5%) and other (16.6%) sites. Recurrence patterns did not differ between S-PM and M-PM. M-PM patients had an impaired DFS compared to S-PM patients (9.4 months (95% CI: 7.3–12.1) vs. 12.5 months (95% CI: 11.2–13.9), p = 0.01). The median OS was similar for S-PM and M-PM (38.4 months (95% CI: 31.2–46.8) vs. 40.8 months (95% CI: 28.8–46.8), p = 0.86). Despite frequent recurrence at extraperitoneal locations, long-term survival was achievable after CRS+HIPEC in CRC patients with PM. The recurrence patterns and OS did not differ between groups, yet M-PM patients had a shorter DFS.