bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Results of comparative testings of block-module cultivators
Authors: Mazitov N. K , Sharafiyev L. Z , Sakhapov R. L , Galyautdinov N. Kh , Rakhimov R. S , Chetyrkin Yu. B , Lobachevskiy Ya. P , Dmitriyev S. Yu
Published: April 2022

Results of comparative testings of an experimental block-module cultivator and its analogues КПС-4 and Sunflower-5 are given.
Analysing the results of comparative tests of tractive and coupling properties of wheels equipped with tires of low and extremely low pressure
Authors: Gorin G. S , Yanchuk A. A , Vaschula A. V
Published: April 2022

Results of tractive and coupling parameters comparison of ordinary multilayer tires, thin-layer ones and tires-covers are given. An integrative parameter was suggested as quality estimation criterion for tires of low pressure, namely the efficiency coefficient of moving system.
Quality assessment criterion of weeds undercutting by hexagonal disk
Authors: Soyunov A. S , Demchuk Ye. V , Golovin A. Yu , Chaplin V. V
Published: April 2022

Operation of plane hexagonal working organ used on a disk hoeing plough for the cultivation of wind erosional soil was examined. Important regularities were revealed and described, and criterion of quality assessment of weeds undercutting depending on angle, cultivation depth and distance between disks on shaft was presented.
Basic constructional and operating characteristics of a flotation plant
Authors: Mukhin V. A , Kirov Yu. A
Published: April 2022

New construction of apparatus for flotation fractionation and manure runoffs decontamination is described. Influence of principal constructional and operating characteristics of flotation plant on qualitative indexes of its working procedure are given as graphic relationships. Constructional characteristics of apparatus for flotation sludge dehydration are substantiated.
Optimization of the inclination angle of working area of a potato harvester separator
Authors: Maksimov L. M , Strunov A. K , Muratov P. I , Vasilyev A. P
Published: April 2022

Results of experimental determination of rolling angles and coefficients of rolling friction for potato tubers, carrot edible roots and soil balls along the elevator surface are presented.
Reliability insurance of undercarriage elements of the Т-10М industrial tractor
Authors: Khalturin V. K , Berezin I. Ya , Bondar V. N , Kostyuchenko V. I , Abyzov A. A
Published: April 2022

Integrated approach to the problem of reliability insurance of system parts of an industrial tractor equipped with semirigid suspension and used in bulldozer and ripper aggregate is demonstrated. Series of constructor and technological actions aimed at system part longevity enhancement is suggested.
Reliability of machines and equipment used in agriculture
Authors: Chibukhchyan S. S , Stakyan M. G
Published: April 2022

Reliability estimation methodology of machines and equipment for agro-industrial complex and scheme of calculation are given.
Electric vibrating electrode arc strengthening of working organs of soil cultivating machines with the use of ceramic-metal materials
Authors: Litovchenko N. N , Titov N. V , Kolomeychenko A. V
Published: April 2022

A promising technology of soil cultivating machines’ working organs strengthening allowing to raise considerably their service life is examined. The technology is versatile; it can be used not only for new working organs strengthening but also for renovation and strengthening of depreciated ones.
Optimization of wind energy generator regimes
Authors: Krasnov S. A , Kryaklina I. V
Published: April 2022

A method of optimization of wind energy generator operation, based on a mathematical model and allowing to reach the maximum utilization factor of wind energy is proposed.
Renewal of НШ-К round gear type hydraulic pumps with the use of combined method
Authors: Senin P. V , Nuyanzin Ye. A , Ionov P. A , Velichko S. A
Published: April 2022

Basic theoretical background of obtaining the prolonged life of round gear hydraulic pumps during the repair is given. Physical-mechanical properties of coatings formed with the use of combined method are investigated. A mathematical model of relationship between the gaps in conjunctions with internal leakage in a hydraulic unit is obtained. The possibility of round pump repair with the use of combined method is confirmed.
Selection of design parameters and settings of biogas spark-ignition engine on the basis of diesel engine
Authors: Larionov L. B , Boloyev P. A , Ilyin P. I
Published: April 2022

The paper presents the results of experimental studies of biogas spark-ignition internal combustion engine on the basis of ЯМЗ-236 diesel engine; it determines the dependence of average operating emissions of toxic components in the engine of that type on the chemical composition of fuel.
Use of simulation modeling for optimization of configuration of soil cultivating units in the process of grain farming
Authors: Oskin S. V , Tarasenko B. F , Drobot V. A
Published: April 2022

In order to select the optimal configuration of soil cultivating unit for working in a specific farm the use of simulation modeling of Monte-Carlo is proposed. As a result of model analysis, it is found that all units could be divided into four efficiency groups. Obtained simulation models could be successfully used in software of on-board computers of tractors.
Theoretical and experimental studies of infrared drying of heat-labile materials
Authors: Golubkovich A. V , Pavlov S. A , Levina N. S
Published: April 2022

Drying of high-moisture and heat-labile material requires the substantiation of temperature and duration of process. This is due to the necessity of preserving of product quality and economical efficiency of process. Use of infrared drying allows to solve this problem, because the duration is significantly reduced in comparison with convection drying.
Evaluation of durability of welded joints of agricultural machinery metal structures based on accelerated testing
Authors: Yerofeyev V. V , Ignatyev A. G , Sharafiyev R. G
Published: April 2022

A new method for evaluation of durability of welded joints of agricultural machinery metal structures based on accelerated tests is proposed. This method allows to reduce significantly the time of endurance test of welded joints and takes into account their design and technological parameters.
Substantiation of location of bottom and top edges of seeding slot of device for ridge tillage with simultaneous application of organic mineral fertilizers
Authors: Khadzhiyev A. , Komilov N. M
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of researches for substantiation of location of bottom and top edges of seeding slot of a device for ridge tillage with simultaneous application of organic mineral fertilizers for the purpose of technological process execution at required level and prevention of fertilizers’ excess consumption.
Principles of increasing the durability of threaded connections of agricultural machines’ working organs
Authors: Apazhev A. K , Shomakhov L. A , Yegozhev A. M
Published: April 2022

New designs essentially increasing the durability of threaded connections of parts of agricultural machines are developed.
System analysis of process of high-temperature thermomechanical treatment for blanks of hollow track pins
Authors: Dementyev V. B , Zasypkin A. D
Published: April 2022

The process of high-temperature thermomechanical treatment with deformation by screw compression for hollow products has been developed. It is considered as a technical system that represents the set of functional relations between the elements such as: the modes of high-temperature thermomechanical treatment with deformation by screw compression, the geometry fidelity, the quality of working surfaces, the mechanical properties of the material, the operational life of part. Thus a connection is made between elementary x-qualities and performance properties.
Principles for construction of mathematical model of a modern low-toxic diesel engine for transport and technological means and agricultural machines
Authors: Kamenev V. F , Scheglov P. A
Published: April 2022

The article considers the principles of mathematical modeling of thermodynamic and gasdynamic processes in modern diesel engine and in systems intended to reduce the harmful substances level in exhaust gases, namely in oxidation catalytic converter, in particulate filter with regeneration system and in selective catalytic reduction system for nitrogen oxides neutralization.
Experimental research of performance of diesel engine operating on mixed fuel
Authors: Nagornov S. A , Mescheryakova Yu. V , Mescheryakov A. G
Published: April 2022

Tests of mixed fuel have been carried out on the ЮМЗ-Л6 tractor. This fuel consisted of diesel fuel and 5-20% supplement based on Chlorella vulgaris microalgae. Measurements of traction-speed and fuel-economic parameters of diesel engine under load in the field have been performed. Smokiness and toxicity of exhaust gases have been measured as well.
Development prospects of robotic technologies in plant cultivation
Authors: Godzhayev Z. A , Grishin A. P , Grishin A. A
Published: April 2022

It is shown that the basis of robotic technologies in plant cultivation is an unmanned mobile power unit for agricultural purposes on wheeled or tracked platform with hybrid power plant, motion control equipment and machine vision device. Technological operations are performed by technological robotic modules mounted on the platform.
Theory of interaction between vibratory tillage tools and soil
Authors: Fedorenko I. Ya
Published: April 2022

The study deals with mathematical simulation of the interaction between vibratory tillage tools and soil. Most studies on the use of vibrations in tillage processes give conflicting results about their technological and energy efficiency. The issue of mathematical description of the interaction between vibratory tillage tools and soil is quite complicated and primarily determined by a variety of physical and mechanical properties of the object of tillage. This paper studies purely mechanical effects of vibrations as applied to tillage processes. The research goal is to reveal the patterns that characterize the vibration effects on the soil, and to determine the mechanism of the conversion of the resistance of vibratory tillage tools to a viscous type of friction. The analysis of the resistance of vibratory tillage tools is carried out based on the analysis of the rational equation by academician V.P. Goryachkin. The soil is idealized as a viscous and plastic medium. The case of sinusoidal variations of a tillage tool in addition to its translational motion is investigated. The effect of vibrations on all three resistance components of tillage tool (friction, deformation and inertia) is analyzed. The methods of differential and integral calculus are used. It is shown that all the components of the soil resistance change under the effect of vibrations; the effect may be both positive and negative. Resistance reduction is possible in the case when the amplitude of the vibration velocity of tillage tool exceeds its translational velocity. Respectively, the power consumption of tractor traction mechanism may also be reduced. However, the overall power consumption, including the power consumption of the vibration exciter, is not reduced as compared to the operation of conventional tillage tools. These theoretical results are proved by the experimental studies of A.A. Dubrovskiy. The linearization of the traction resistance of the vibratory tillage tools (its dependence on the translational velocity) is explained in this study based on the general laws of mechanics, without using hypotheses on physical change of soil properties.
Features of cold start of 6ЧН 13/11 engine and after start warming-up of engine and transmission unit of T-150K tractor
Authors: Krokhta G. M
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes the features of diesel engine cold start in conditions of low ambient temperature. A method for estimation of fuel combustion incompleteness in period of after start warming-up has been developed. Particular method estimating the efficiency of burned fuel heat utilization is proposed. Reliability of the proposed methods has been confirmed experimentally. The article outlines the ways of improving the efficiency and reliability of machines’ performance by means of reducing the warming-up time of engine and transmission unit in after start period.
Machines and technologies of entire lands levelling for paddy field
Authors: Efremov A. N , Nasonov S. Yu
Published: April 2022

The entire lands levelling for paddy field with the precision of ±3 cm provides heavy and stable rice crop and irrigation water saving. The purpose of the article is the determination of technical and economic indicators of various machines and technologies of levelling for paddy field and the estimation of efficiency of their use. At the beginning of levelling, executive survey of the check should be performed with application of the laser transmitter and automatic level. Based on the recorded survey data, the plan of levelling operations is made on computer with special software. Entire lands levelling requires the use of various machines: the scraper, the land leveller, the V-type leveller, the ejector scraper. Four main variants of technology are used. In the first and second variants of technology, the scraper and land leveller are used; in the third one there are V-type leveller, scraper and land leveller; in the fourth one the ejector scraper is in use. Each machine is equipped with the laser transmitter, laser receiving device and hydraulic unit, which provides levelling precision of ± 2-3 cm. After the levelling by analogy with executive survey, the control one is performed and according to the constructed cartogram, the precision of the levelled surface of the check is estimated. The technical characteristics of the automated machines are presented. Based on the analysis of performance of various types of machines, it is established that the ejector scraper has significant advantages due to the increased volume of soil transportation in scraper mode and the increased thickness of soil cutting in comparison with the land leveller. All of this improves performance of the ejector scraper and reduces number of its passes. The ejector scraper also is applicable in finishing levelling in operating mode of land leveller. The calculated dependences for determination of process capacity of various machines used in the levelling are given. The formulas for calculation of its cost and economic efficiency for the main variants of technology are also given. On the basis of indicators of operational characteristics of machines and calculated data of economic efficiency, the technical and economic indicators of entire lands levelling for paddy field in conditions of Krasnodar Krai are determined. The lowest cost of levelling operations and the maximum economic benefit corresponds to the variant of technology using one multi-purpose ejector scraper with short base.
Substantiation of installation place for bridge preventing device in a grain bin with side outlet
Authors: Kunakov V. S , Timolyanov K. A
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes the results of experiment in finding of areas of bridging in a grain bin with side outlet; substantiates the place of installation of bridge preventing device; proposes a formula for calculation of maximum possible number of existing bridges. It also determines the heights of outlet whereby the impact on flow process is minimal or absent, depending on angle of bottom slope and dimensions of bridging section.
Substantiation of kinematic parameters of a roller transporting device when planting sugar beet mother plants
Authors: Ovtov V. A
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of rolls with spiral winding in the process of transportation of sugar beet mother plants to planting unit. The results of studies allow to substantiate the kinematic parameters of roller transporting device at the given rate of planting.
On the development of environmentally friendly all-season vehicles for agricultural purposes
Authors: Godzhaev Z. A , Izmaylov A. Yu , Evtyushenkov N. E , Kryukov M. L
Published: April 2022

In order to harvest and transport the crop on soils with low bearing capacity a number of designs of harvesting and transport vehicles on caterpillar track was developed. Currently, there is a large fleet of harvesting and transport vehicles operating on caterpillar drive in the Far East, CIS countries, Baltic countries, Central Asia, Cuba, Vietnam and China. The main feature of that class of vehicles is necessity to provide the high floatation with minimal destruction of topsoil. The most important customer requirements to the caterpillar drive are the ones for reduction of noise and parts vibration levels, for increase of travelling and operating speeds of vehicles, for driving comfort, for increase of service life and for reduction of negative impact on the soil. Russian agriculture suffers great losses because of the lack of machinery to work on soils with low bearing capacity, which leads to the fact that harvesting of winter crops lasts more than 40 days, and the losses are 42%. On a rainy year, the number of harvesting and transport machinery increases, but the machinery is unable to get on the field and stands idle. To improve the efficiency of agriculture, it is necessary to develop the technical means to carry out the transport and technological processes under adverse weather conditions. A number of crops like soybeans and rice is cultivated using paddy fields, which makes difficulties for crop transporting from harvesters. During fertilizer application, about 40% of the soil surface is compacted by wheels. Compaction of soil during plowing facilitates the formation of large and dense clots worsening the conditions of normal growth of plants. Currently, none of series-produced vehicles used in agriculture meets the requirements of 26955-86 state standard.
Disk braking mechanism of a tractor produced by Minsk tractor works
Authors: Abaev A. Kh , Kachmazova E. K , Kachmazova E. I
Published: April 2022

Operation of tractors in high-mountain conditions is very different from their use in flat terrain. When braking on a steep long slope with large number of turns with minimal radius, the intensive heating of braking mechanisms is occurred, which not only reduces the efficiency of braking system, but also often leads to a complete failure. The aim of the study is to improve the operational efficiency of disk braking mechanism of a tractor produced by Minsk tractor works when braking during direct motion by means of increasing the impact of pressure disk on brake disk by the use of tractive effort torques that arise between them. The general characteristics of tractor braking mechanisms, as well as the characteristics of a proposed improved braking mechanism are given. The improved braking mechanism allows to rotate simultaneously the pressure disks in the direction of rotation of brake disks during tractor forward motion. At that, the tractive effort torques generated in the process of interaction of surfaces of pressure and friction disks match with the torques applied to the pressure disks from the side of brake gears. As a result, the total axial forces affecting from the side of pressure disks on brake disks are increased, which leads to the efficiency improvement of tractor braking. The patent no. 2435997 for the invention of disk braking mechanism has been received based on this study. The proposed design significantly improves the braking capabilities of a tractor. It can be used in the braking systems of tractors, vehicles and motorcycles.
Simulation of the formation of vibration loading of operator workplace of industrial tractor
Authors: Berezin I. Ya , Pronina Yu. O , Bondar' V. N , Vershinskiy L. V , Taranenko P. A
Published: April 2022

The check of compliance with legislative requirements for vibration protection of operators is carried out at the stage of certification testing of new and upgrading products. At this stage, the further development is associated with high time and material costs. The article substantiates the possibility of use of a calculation and experimental method which allows to determine at the development stage the level and frequency content of potentially dangerous sources of vibration; to develop a computer model for the system «excitation source - frame - cab - antivibration seat - operator»; to make out proposals to comply with legislative requirements by means of parametric forecasting. As an example, the problem of vibration in the low frequency range of 2-14 Hz is considered. This vibration is the result of the process of rolling of track rollers on track chain that lies on the yieldable soil foundation. According to biomedical research, the resonance frequencies of critical parts of human body are in this low frequency range, which is displayed in sanitary norms. Based on the analysis of field test results, the kinematic impact of track rollers on tractor frame is represented as stationary narrow-band random processes. Mathematical model of the system is described by a set of differential equations with random input processes. The methods of statistical dynamics are used to implement the model. The simulation results are presented as a set of transfer functions. They represent the distribution of resonance frequencies of angular and heave oscillations of the separate system elements and the spectral density functions. These results allow to obtain the quantitative estimations in the form of mean-square values of the output processes. The use of this approach allows to solve the problems of vibration protection of operator at the stages of design and testing of prototypes of road-building machinery. It is achieved by tuning-out of the system «track assembly - frame - cab - antivibration seat» from resonance phenomena and by introducing some design solutions.
Results of experimental studies of mixing process in a horizontal ribbon mixer
Authors: Savinykh P. A , Turubanov N. V , Zyryanov D. A
Published: April 2022

The performance of livestock farms and complexes largely depends on the quality of feed preparation for feeding. It is proved that feeding efficiency is increased with the use of feed mixtures in the diet, which allows to increase animal performance, to reduce feeding period and feed consumption per production unit. Despite of the wide use of different types of mixers, their working process is understudied, and therefore the study of influence of design and technological parameters of mixers on the quality characteristics of mixture is the crucial task. The aim of the study is the improvement of technological process of feed mixtures preparation in a horizontal ribbon mixer by improving quality of mixing and reducing energy intensity of working process. Experimental studies of a horizontal ribbon mixer were carried out in the laboratory of mechanization of animal husbandry at the Zonal Research Institute of Agriculture of the North-East. For the studies, the mixture consisting of a basis (80% of barley and 20% of rye) and a control component (pea) was used. The implementation of multifactorial experiment allows to obtain approximate mathematical models of the process, that link together all the factors taken into account. Experimental studies allow to determine the numerical values of coefficients of regression equations, by which it is possible to assess the degree of influence of relevant factors. During the tests, Box-Behnken design matrix was implemented. According to the results, the maximum value of the uniformity coefficient of finished product is 86,1%, which meets the zootechnical requirements for feeding of cattle and poultry, and is achieved in the presence of 620 kg of basis and 146 kg of control component in the mixture. The mixing time is 4 minutes, and the throughput capacity of mixer is 5,75 t/h, when the specific energy consumption is 1,55 kilowatt-hours per ton.
General methodological principles for improving the reliability of threaded connections of agricultural machines and implements
Authors: Egozhev A. M , Apazhev A. K
Published: April 2022

From 50 to 70% of failures of working organs and support frames of agricultural machines and implements are accounted for the connections with threaded fasteners. The paper deals with the basic general methodological principles for ensuring the reliability of threaded connections of agricultural machines and implements. The structural scheme of general problem of improving the reliability of threaded connections is proposed. The main ways of improving their reliability are: the development of new designs of threaded connections that meet the above-noticed basic principles; the improvement of the method of calculation of group threaded connections that operate under partial joint opening and contact vibration displacement; the improvement of the method of calculation of group threaded connections that operate under complex loading taking into account the radial and angular contact compliances; the use of numerical methods for calculating of group threaded connections; the improvement of methods of screw retention; the improvement of methods of corrosion protection. The classification of the main factors of fatigue wear failure of threaded connections that operate under complex loading is proposed. The elaboration of fatigue safety factor of connections of agricultural machines is given, depending on the operating conditions, with the use of additional factor which depends on the rate of wear and corrosion. For the expression to determine the degree of fatigue strength on the shear stresses, the uniformity factor of distribution of lateral load between the fasteners is introduced; it depends on the type of connections, constructive gap in the connection and quantity of fasteners. The specified method of calculating the fatigue strength and the proposed basic principles of improving the reliability may be used in the practice of design and repair of agricultural machines.
Mitigation of effect of compacted soil lump
Authors: Sidorov S. A , Khoroshenkov V. K , Mironov D. A , Luzhnova E. S
Published: April 2022

The article shows the effect of compacted soil lump which forms on the blade and in front of it on the characteristics of performance and lifetime of soil cutting working organs. Facts proving the presence of compacted soil lump on the blade in process of cutting soil layer are given. The results of theoretical and experimental researches are brought, allowing to obtain the design parameters and to improve the technical level of working organs used in soil cultivating and cutting. Negative factors that affect the efficiency of parts of tillage equipment in the conditions of compacted soil lump effect are substantiated and listed. The cyclical nature of its formation on the blade cutting the soil layer is noted. The article presents a hypothetical scheme of soil lump effect on the blade of working organ with different degrees of bluntness. This scheme explains the physical meaning of negative effects that are associated with deterioration of energy and agronomic indicators of parts and equipment during the operating wear in conditions of clear-cut compacted soil lump (on relatively strong soils). The article determines the fundamental reasons for the sharp increase in resistance of soil in the presence of chamfered edge on the blade of cutting working organ, which is associated with movement of compacted soil lump under the blade. Regularities defining the values of specific loads acting on the blade are given. The differences in variation of total and specific loads on working organ under formation of compacted soil lump are noted. The article substantiates a special role of the rear face of the blade of working organ in connection with heavy conditions of loading of soil layer under it. It describes the practical design and technological methods of protection of parts against the effects of compacted soil lump. Substantiated values of the parameters of working organs of agricultural machines interacting with soil are given, that provide the increase in their operational, agronomic and life characteristics.
Study of technology of liquid organic fertilizers application by a transport-technological unit for agricultural purposes
Authors: Shkel' A. S , Kozlovskaya M. A , Dzotsenidze T. D
Published: April 2022

Operation of a transport-technological unit allows to reduce the labour inputs and to increase the performance by means of increasing transportation speed and improving maneuverability. Transport-technological units are created on the basis of specialized Ural-432065 vehicle chassis. The article reviews the features of technological process of transportation and subsoil application of liquid organic fertilizers performed by the STA-5ZhO replaceable technological superstructure. In the development of process technology of fertilizer application, statistical data of the Federal register of process technologies for crop production are used. Every process operation requires compliance with certain rules, that are listed in the process technology, which is a science-based technology of performance of specific works or operations, ensuring the efficient use of units in the given soil and climatic and operating conditions. Developed process technologies for transportation and subsoil application of liquid organic fertilizers under given conditions contain grounded recommendations on: agrotechnical requirements, preparing of units and field for operation, organization of units work, quality control, labor and nature protection. The results of the studies show that mushroom-shaped turns with open (or closed) lap and straight way are the most preferred. The design and development of transport-technological unit with STA-5ZhO replaceable technological superstructure for transportation and subsoil application of liquid organic fertilizers based on specialized all-wheel drive Ural-432065 vehicle chassis allow to provide a high level of performing of process operations while reducing cost of operations and increasing economic efficiency. This type of transport-technological unit is distinguished by high performance, easy-to-use, and its design features ensure compliance with the environmental requirements.
Universalization of plow-bottom surface of working organ of a plow
Authors: Blednykh V. V , Svechnikov P. G , Troyanovskaya I. P
Published: April 2022

Economical cultivation of different soils on different speeds requires working organs with different parameters. Using plows with optimal parameters of plow-bottom surface will allow to minimize the cost of tillage with no loss in quality. Such parameters of working surfaces as setting angles of plowshare, bend of mouldboard and others are considered. Adjustment of working organ of a plow by rotating and offsetting will provide the most useful type of plow-bottom surface and better quality of tillage with the use of a single working organ for different soils and speeds. The paper presents a newly developed way to compare the topology of two plow-bottom surfaces with the use of criterial filter-function, as well as original methods to input the data on the topology of plow-bottom surfaces and to approximate these data by polynomial dependencies for smoothing and providing the unimodality of objective function of optimization when using the Hooke and Jeeves method. The optimal angles of rotation (12 degrees) are obtained whereby the deviations of a comparison plow-bottom surface and a basic one are minimal. According to the agrotechnical and technological requirements on the overlap of operating widths between the working organs, the first working organ of plow should be attached without offset, the second one depending on the realized speed should have an offset of 70 mm, the third - of 140 mm, the fourth - of 210 mm. The practical results of using the developed method for universalization of plow-bottom surface are presented.
Research of viscosity characteristics of biofuels based on vegetable oils
Authors: Markov V. A , Devyanin S. N , Zykov S. A , Sa Boven'
Published: April 2022

Depletion of oil fields and environmental deterioration demand the search of alternative sources of energy. Actuality of the article is driven by the need for increased use of alternative fuels in internal combustion engines. As advanced alternative fuels for diesel engines, the article considers fuels extracted from vegetable oils and animal fatty substances. These fuels are produced from renewable feedstocks and characterized by good environmental qualities. The advantages of use of vegetable origin fuels as motor fuel are shown. One of the problems of use of fuels based on vegetable oils is their increased viscosity. The viscosity characteristics of mixtures of petroleum diesel fuel and vegetable oils are investigated. Various vegetable oils, namely rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, corn oil, mustard oil, as well as oil extracted from the Pongamia Pinnata plant are considered. A method of approximation of viscosity characteristics of mixed biofuels in the form of algebraic polynomial is suggested. Experimental data on viscosity of these oils and their mixtures with petroleum diesel fuel are used in calculation researches. Approximating dependences of these experimental data with the use of the familiar logarithmic method and a suggested algebraic method are obtained. The analysis of approximation accuracy of experimental data on viscosity of biofuel is carried out with the use of mentioned methods. Parameters of the D-245.12S diesel engine operating on mixtures of rapeseed and sunflower oils with petroleum diesel fuel are presented. The effectiveness of the suggested method of approximation of viscosity characteristics of petroleum diesel fuel and vegetable oils mixtures is shown. The method is characterized by high accuracy and can be used for the approximation of viscosity characteristics of various fuel mixtures.
JUSTIFICATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL AND DESIGN PARAMETERS OF THE COLTER FOR WINTER WHEAT SEEDING IN COTTON ROW-SPACING
Authors: Igamberdiev A. K
Published: April 2022

In Uzbekistan, over 800 thousand hectares of irrigated area are used to grow winter wheat in row-spacing of growing cotton. They are mainly sown by spreading, then seeded with cotton cultivators. Disadvantages of the spreading method are high seed rates by 30...40 % and excessive energy costs due to multiple (3...4 times) passes of the unit. However, the issues related to the establishment of the dependence of the quality of cereal crops in cotton row-spacing on the main parameters of the colter and the row profiles in Uzbekistan have not been adequately studied. In this regard, the materials of a theoretical study on the justification of technological and constructive parameters of the colter for sowing winter wheat seeds in the row-spacing of cotton are presented. As a result of the carried out research, it has been established that for the quality sowing and shaping of the seed beds the colter must be submerged in the soil to a depth of 2.0...4.0 cm. In order to form a slightly compacted furrow shape, the colter must be pressed to row-spacing surface. To ensure the non-heap of soil piles through the wings of the colter, their height should be 14...18 cm. In this case, the angle of installation of the wings in the continuous direction of colter movement should be equal to a = 47°, and the angle of the colter wing spread у = 69°. The given constructive parameters of the colter are optimal for sowing winter wheat seeds in the cotton row-spacing. The proposed new technology and colter design implements multi-row seeding from 5 (for 60 cm spacing to 9 rows (for rows between rows 90 cm). Due to formation of a new loose shape of the row spacing, the useful seed sowing area is increased by 9...22 % compared to the spreading method and conditions are provided for uniform seeding and obtain good and even sprouts.
DESIGN METHOD OF PIN ENGAGEMENT DRIVE SPROCKETSWITH RUBBER-REINFORCED TRACKS OF TRACTION AND TRANSPORTATION VEHICLES
Authors: Fedotkin R. S , Kryuchkov V. A , Beynenson V. D , Parfenov V. L
Published: April 2022

Nowadays rubber-reinforced tracks found wide application on different purpose traction and transportation vehicles due to well-known advantages, including possibility of their installation instead of metal linked tracks without significant modernization of undercarriages structures. The operational experience of vehicles with rubber-reinforced tracks shows that their construction differences in comparison with metal tracks provide increased loading to crawler outline, especially to drive sprockets. It shows on necessity of individual drive sprockets design for rubber-reinforced tracks. Special methods for this are absent and traditional methods intended for metal tracks do not provide reliability and efficiency of track engagement. The article contains the special designed method of pin engagement drive sprockets with rubber-reinforced tracks engineering. Practically established that rubber-reinforced track bending is going through the broken line in conditional joints and the engagement element with the drive sprocket tooth is spool of inset element with the part of reinforce lay. All the necessary analytical dependences for drive sprockets design and calculation are shown. The optimal values of contact angle for real constructions of rubber-reinforced tracks, when the normal teeth form is provided; analytical dependences of kinematic pitch circle and bottom circle radiuses for different variations of conditional joints are determined. Boundary conditions for optimal values determination of drive sprockets width and thickness and also their heads radius are accounted. The efficient options of drive sprockets teeth profile curves plotting are shown. The developed design method of pin engagement drive sprockets with rubber-reinforced is based on typical methods for metal tracks and takes into account structural features of rubber-reinforced tracks. It provides reliability and efficiency of track engagement and can be used in design process of traction and transportation vehicles undercarriages.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ENERGY CAPACITY OF THE EXCITATION SYSTEM OF THE TRACTOR GENERATORS
Authors: CHERNOV A. E , AKIMO A. V
Published: April 2022

The paper describes the technique of comparing fundamentally different types of transverters rotors, namely generators with electromagnetic excitation and magnetoelectric generators. In all embodiments of the comparative analysis it is necessary to compare power capabilities of electrical machines made with different devices in excitation system (permanent magnets, excitation coils), which in principle cannot be implemented without knowing and comparing the magnetic characteristics of the power generators and inductors. To unify the content and progress of computational studies on determination of electromagnetic parameters of generators with different excitation systems and gaining on this basis visual representations of its advantages and disadvantages it is advisable to represent used in the calculations of generators characteristics of permanent magnets and electromagnets in the form of identical form and content analytic or graphic dependencies. This is about the dependence of the magnetic flows in calculated sections of the element excitation systems (in their neutral section Фэм and Фм from magnetomotive force of excitation system F3M и Фм). Most simply this problem is solved by bringing the magnetic characteristics of the electromagnets to the same form and with the same parameters and concepts as the magnetic characteristics of the permanent magnets. As a result of researches it is established that widely used in automobile and tractor electrical equip-ment permanent magnets-ferrites fabricated by powder metallurgy from a mixture of crushed iron oxide and strontium owing to the relatively low level of magnetic energy and low values of residual induction is unable to provide the same level of magnetic properties of the inductors that have the inductors of the generators with electromagnetic excitation, and therefore, their use in automotive generators should be considered inappropriate.
Bearing and technological systems for building agricultural aggregates
Authors: Dmitrenko A. I , Bur'yanov A. I , Goryachev Yu. O
Published: April 2022

As a result of the technical re-equipment of machine and tractor parks of agricultural enterprises, recently technological units of a new generation appear on the fields. The principal difference of such units is not only in their constructive modular design, but also in the aggregation of their mobile power tools or universal energy facilities with replaceable adapter modules. The classification of composite elements for the construction of such modular aggregates based on mobile power tools and universal power facilities - as their carrier systems and a set of replaceable adapter modules - as technological systems has been performed. Objects of the classification of load-bearing systems are subdivided according to their type, a number of the main distinctive features associated with the principle of aggregate formation, the performance of their running chassis, the integration of technological systems with bearing systems, the design features of location or the presence of separate composite units and mechanisms - power plant, control cabin , mechanism for replacing the plug-in adapters and others. For the objects of technological systems, distinctive features are identified that are associated with the processes performed and the purpose of the replaceable adapter modules, their design execution, and also with the ways of their aggregation with mobile power facilities and universal energy resources. Given the brand commercially cultivated machines, prototypes of promising conceptual designs. In the course of the patent studies, a number of security documents (patents) used in the designs of developed models and advanced units developed relating to technical and technological solutions were identified. The technical and economic assessment of the functioning of machine and tractor parks using the example of models of agricultural enterprises in the subareas of the regions of southern Russia predicted that the use of machine and tractor parks based on new generation units (mobile energy facilities with sets of plug-in adapters) will reduce the need for power machines, levels of costs for the recruitment of new equipment of machine and tractor parks and their operation.
New opportunities to improve the fuel supply system with a battery fuel system
Authors: Dunin A. Yu , Golubkov L. N , Mal'chuk V. I , Dushkin P. V , Ivanov I. E
Published: April 2022

The article shows the effect of increasing the injection pressure (up to p = 250 MPa) on the dynamics of the development of the fuel jet. An increase in the pressure in the accumulator led to a decrease in the angle of the boundary layer of the jet. A decrease in the oscillations of the boundary layer of the jet about its axis is shown. The greatest variations were recorded at рак = 50 MPa. Then, as the рак increases, the vibrations of the nucleus decrease and become practically imperceptible at 250 MPa. A method for controlling the shape of the differential injection characteristic by an electric pulse, which is applied to an electromagnet of the control valve of the electrohydraulic injector of battery fuel system, is provided. The impulse consists of the preliminary, the main and the following additional one. The duration of the preliminary impulse determines the amplitude of the initial stage of the injection characteristic, and the interval between the preliminary and main pulse is the amplitude between the initial and main stages of the injection characteristic. The interval between the main and additional electric pulses is selected in such a way that the subsequent stage of the injection characteristic begins after the termination of the main, but without an interval between them. By selecting the durations of the control electric pulses and the intervals between them, it is possible to obtain a predetermined shape of the differential injection characteristic from stepped to a characteristic with an inclined leading edge. In nozzles with two groups of holes (correction sprayer), the flow rate of the holes in the sub-head volume and on the locking cone is significantly different and depends on the position of the needle. This creates the prerequisites for correcting the fuel supply through the spray holes and, consequently, along the zones of the combustion chamber, taking into account the mode of operation of the diesel engine.
The characteristic of innovations of working bodies for sowing in technology of soil-free tillage and sowing
Authors: Bespamyatnova N. M , Bespamyatnov Yu. A , Kolin'ko A. A
Published: April 2022

The science-intensive resource-saving technology of sowing seeds of various agricultural crops with simultaneous non-contact application of seeds and fertilizers in conditions of insufficient moistening with the use of created controlled system blocks to sowing and tillage machines and aggregates has been developed. Seeds and fertilizers are placed at different depths of the embankment with the creation of a compacted soil bed for seeds, performed in the subsoil horizon in accordance with agrotechnical requirements. To reduce energy processes in soil cultivating and sowing machines, electrical or electronic analogs are introduced or completely replaced in mechanical devices, control of which is provided by subsystems of frequency control of working processes adapted to the properties of seeds and the conditions of operation of the units. In the process of sowing, the seeds, fertilizer and prepared seedbed with the given agro-technical conditions are exposed to a frequency field that changes both the boundary and the bulk forces that arise in the modes of technological processes. The working hypothesis is taken that the uniformity of the simultaneous sowing of seeds and fertilizers with different sowing rates can be achieved by bringing the density of materials to the identical view in the field of vibration, providing a stable flow of velocity of the material and the uniformity of its mass flow rate. Certain parameters of the working organs that perform agrotechnical processes with the vibration of technical systems during the sowing of materials and the creation of a compacted bed for seeds are determined. Certain parameters of the working bodies that perform agrotechnical processes with the vibration of technical systems during the sowing of materials and the creation of a compacted bed for seeds are determined. There are presented variants of the developed technological devices, both newly created and retrofitted existing batteries with spherical disks equipped with hydropneumatic cylinders, providing damping of vibrations of working elements to reduce uniformity of the seedbed. The levels of compliance of the indicators of technological processes performed by the developed devices, to agrotechnical requirements for sowing are shown.