bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leaf and Petiole Extract of Centella Asiatica are Potential for Antifertility and Antimicrobial Material
Authors: Amilah Susie , Sukarjati Sukarjati , Rachmatin Diaz P , Masruroh Masruroh
Published: February 2020

Ethanol extract of leaves and petiole of pegagan (Centella asiatica) is potential as antimicrobial and antifertility. This study was to investigate whether ethanol extracts of leaf and petiole of Centella asiatica has potential as an antimicrobial and can decrease sperm quality and spermatogenic cells of mice. This was a randomized controlled study using Centella asiatica plant from which we made ethanol extract. The extract of the leaves and petiole of Centella asiatica was subjected to antimicrobial test using the bacteria S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and A. aerogenes. Then the observation was done after a 24-hour-old bacterial cultures by measuring the diameter of the clear zone in mm. Thereafter, the extract was given to randomly grouped mice that were divided into two groups receiving the leaf extract in one group and the petiole exract in another for 35 days. On day 36 the mice were sacrificed for spermatozoa quality and testicular histology examination. Statistical analyses used in this study were ANOVA and LSD tests. There was inhibition zone difference between leaf and petiole (p=0.000). Inhibition zone between bacteria S. epidermidis, S. aureus and A. aerogenes showed no difference (p=0.198). Inter-dose inhibition zone showed difference (p=0.000). Centella asiatica leaf extract showed inhibition zone better than that of Centella asiatica petiole extract. In spermatozoa quality test, there was effect of Centella asiatica leaf extract on sperm motility (p<0.05), viability (p<0.05), morphology (p<0.05) and concentration (p<0.05). No effect of pegagan petiole extract was found on sperm motility (p<0.05), viability (p<0.05), abnormal morphology (p<0.05) and concentration (p<0.05). Highest degradation of spermatozoa quality was obtained from Centella asiatica petiole extract at a concentration of 150 mg/kg bw. Spermatogenic cell test results showed no effect of Centella asiatica leaf extract in decreasing spermatogonia (p=0.000), spermatocytes (p=0.000), and spermatids (p=0.000) counts. No effect of pegagan petiole extract in decreasing the number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids. The highest reduction spermatogenic cells of seminiferous tubules was obtained by Centella asiatica petiole extract in a concentration of 150 mg/kg bw. In conclusion: Centella asiatica leaf and petiole extract has antimicrobial potency as contra-ceptives
The Influence of Psychocurative on Cortisol Level, Anxiety, and Quality of Life in Advanced Stage Cervical Cancer Patients
Authors: Soetrisno Soetrisno , Mulyani Sri , Nurinasari Hafi , Nurinasari Hafi , Budi Erindra
Published: February 2020

Every year, there are 500.000 new cases and more than 250.000 deaths caused by cervical cancerworldwide. Cervical cancer patients faced physical and psychological problems several times that it activate stress mechanism such as hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. These recurrent activations caused HPA axis disruption and adverse clinical effects. Several symptoms of endocrine stress response are the change of circadian cortisol rhythm. Cortisol is known as a stress hormone that involves an organism's response to stress and anxiety that influence the quality of life. This research aims to analyze the differences among serum cortisol level, anxiety, and quality of life in cervical cancer patients before and after psychocurative intervention in obstetrics and gynecology wards and polyclinic in RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta. This research is an experimental double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial pre-test post-test group design study. The subjects were advance stage (IIB-IV)cervical cancer patients. The subjects were randomly chosen into fifteen subjects that given standard therapy and psychocurative, while the other fifteen subjects as a control only got standard therapy. Data were obtained from measurement of serum cortisol level, anxiety questionnaire DASS 42 and WHO quality of life questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 using difference test. The difference mean test result of cortisol serum level, anxiety, quality of life from the controlled group and uncontrolled group showed a significant difference (p < 0.05). In conclusion, psychocurative is significant to reduce cortisol level, anxiety, and improve the quality of life in advanced stage cervical cancer patients.
Evaluation of KI-67, Apoptosis, and Hyaluronic Acid in Grading Retinoblastoma
Authors: Soebagjo Hendrian D , Nurwasis Nurwasis , Bintoro Ugresone Y , Soemitro Sutiman B
Published: February 2020

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan with a straight-chain polymer arrangement defined as the extracellular matrix constituent. High molecular weight HA has normal physicochemical, biological, and physiological properties whereas low molecular weight has the property of angiogenesis, inflammation, and suppresses apoptosis. This study occupied the samples of 35 paraffin block from poorly and well differentiated retinoblastoma tissue and 8 normal retinal block which have been collected for 4 years from 2010-2013 at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Afterwards, the paraffin blocks were immunohistochemically examined for HA staining, expression of cell proliferation (Ki-67), and cell apoptosis to determine intratumoral aggressiveness of retinoblastoma. HA on poorly differentiated retinoblastoma stain with a high immunostaining of 76.2%, while well differentiated retinoblastoma on the highest HA staining was revealed to be at moderate level of 64.3%, and not appear in normal retina. In poorly differentiated retinoblastoma, the location of most HA stain is in the cell cytoplasm (87.5%). In the well differentiated retinoblastoma, the HA immunostaning mainly occurred in the cell membrane (73.7%). Histopathological retinoblastoma grading showed a significant correlation (p <0.01) towards several variables of HA immunostaining, Ki-67, and cell apoptosis. In addition, the histopathological retinoblastoma grading also revealed a significant correlation (p <0.01) towards the location of HA staining (cell membrane and cytoplasm). Both stainings are also play role in retinoblastoma differentiation. The malignancy of retinoblastoma can be proven by the increased HA staining at cytoplasm in poorly differentiated and associated with increased of cell proliferation along with decreased apoptosis.
Effect of Combination Soy Bean Oil and Oleic Acid to Characteristic, Penetration, Physical Stability of Nanostructure Lipid Carrier Resveratrol
Authors: Soeratri Widji , Hidayah Rohmawati , Rosita Noorma
Published: February 2020

Resveratrol is an antioxidant that can be used as anti-aging. Topical use has several problems because solubility in water is low and unstable to light. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the combination of soy bean oil and oleic acid liquid lipids on the characteristics, penetration, and stability of resveratrol nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) were made with high shear homogeneous technique. To determine the characterization of NLC, diffraction scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transforms infrared spectrophotometry were used. Examination of the morphological form was carried out with a transmission electron microscope. The particle size and polydispersity index examination were measured by the Delsa Nano™ particle size analyzer, while the efficiency of trapping resveratrol in the NLC system was measured by the dialysis membrane method. Furthermore, the penetration depth test on the skin of mice was done by fluorescence microscope method using rhodamine B markers. Physical stability test was performed by examination of particle size and index polydispersity for 30 days. The formula with liquid soy bean oil and oleic acid liquid lipids improved the characteristics including the effectiveness of entrapment and colloidal stability. However, the formula with soy bean oil and oleic acid combination liquid lipids did not provide better penetration into the skin than the use of single liquid lipids. While the formula with soy bean oil and oleic acid liquid lipids proved to improve the physical stability for 30 days.
Case report: Management of Progressive Lung Cancer Patients after First-Line EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Sahrun Sahrun , Wulandari Laksmi
Published: February 2020

Various tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) drugs have been widely used as therapy for cancer that has EGFR mutations, or abnormal EGFR activation. However, patients who have a mutation in the gene that activates EGFR only benefit from EGFR-TKI therapy for less than one year, because after that resistance occurs. In the management of patients according to NCCN 2017, patients who experience progress after receiving TKI as the first-line therapy must undergo an examination to identify the presence of T790M mutation. If the T790M mutation is positive, the choice of therapy that needs to be provided is the third generation (Osimertinib). Many recent studies have proved the significance of the effectiveness and response of Osimertinib therapy in lung cancer with EGFR T790M mutation. We reported the management of a pulmonary adenocarcinoma patient with positive EGFR mutation who had received first-line EGFR TKI who had progressive disease and T790M mutation in Dr. Seotomo Hospital. The patient finally received Osimertinib through an Early Access Program with a therapeutic response that improved significantly.
Effectivity of Erythropoietin-Alpha between Fixed- and Adjusted-Dose in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients With Anemia on Hemodialysis
Authors: Purwiningtyas Mida , Yulistiani Yulistiani , Suprapti Budi , Santi Bayu Dharma
Published: February 2020

Anemia is a common complication in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patient with hemodialysis. The cause of anemia is mainly due to erythropoetin deficiency because the kidneys as a erythropoetin producer are damaged. The most appropriate management of anemia in CKD with hemodialysis is the administration of Erythropoietin Stimulating Agent (ESA) or erythropoetin (Epo). The effectiveness of Epo therapy is influenced by the type of Epo used, the dose of Epo given, the route and frequency of Epo administration, as well as several conditions that affect it such as infection or inflammation, absolute and functional iron deficiency, and malnutrition. Therapeutic targets can be achieved if the dose given is in accordance with the needs of the patient, based on the patient's weight The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the achievement of Epo-alpha fixed-dose administration compared with adjustment-dose in patients with CKD anemia with hemodialysis after administration of Epo-alpha for 4 weeks in outpatient poly hemodialysis units at Bhayangkara H.S Hospital. Samsoeri Mertojoso Surabaya. In this study, there were 20 patients who met the inclusion criteria (15 male and 5 female) divided into 2 groups, 10 patients in the fixed-dose group and 10 patients in the adjustment-dose group. In the fixed-dose group with a adequacy level of 132.25 ± 29.17, the average Hb change achievement was 0.68 ± 0.63 g / dL (p=0.008), whereas in the adjustment-dose group the achievement of the average Hb change the mean was 1.09 ± 0.82 g / dL (p=0.002). For the Hct parameter, the average Hct change in the fixed-dose group was 2.77 ± 2.23% (p=0.004), while in the adjustment-dose group the average Hct change achievement was 4.02 ± 2.63 g / dL (p=0.001). There was no difference in the achievement of the effectiveness of Epo on the two parameters Hb (p=0.224) and Hct (p=0.256) in the fixed-dose group compared with adjustment-dose.
CORRELATION BETWEEN THREE COLUMN CONCEPT CLASSIFICATION AND INTERNAL FIXATION PROCEDURE OF TIBIAL PLATEAU PATIENTS AT DR. SOETOMO HOSPITAL
Authors: Utomo Dwikora Novembri , Subiantoro Januar Ari
Published: February 2020

Background: Tibial Plateau Fracture is one of the most common case seen in orthopaedics and the most classification system used is Schaetzker Classification. This classification is using X ray photograph to classify the fracture and it has limitation to describing a posterior column in tibial plateau fracture since X-ray is a 2D projection. Nowadays surgeon over the world start to using Three Column concept classification because it has a better image of 3D visualization of tibial plateau. Purpose: To know which one classification is more accurate in describing tibial plateau fracture in Dr. Soetomo Hospital period January 2015 until September 2017.Methods: This study is retrospective study, we collected data of patients with Tibial Plateau fracture that has been operated in Dr. Soetomo hospital from January 2015 – September 2017.Results: From the study found 24 patients that match with inclusion criteria. All patients are classified with Schaetzker and Three Column Classification. The most type of fracture based on Schaetzker Classification is Type 2 (7 patients) and based on Three Column Classification is type Three Column (11 patients) and the most action in Three Column type is Internal Fixation with double plate insertion (55 %).Conclusion: Three Column Classification is more accurate to describe type fracture in posterior part than Schaetzker. Three Column Classification is recommended to make easier decision for Tibial Plateau fracture treatment and prevent any loss of correction.
CORRELATION BETWEEN HARRIS HIP SCORE (HHS) AND BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) IN PATIENTS WITH FEMORAL NECK FRACTURE AFTER HEMIARTHROPLASTY
Authors: Hutagalung Muhammad Bayu Z , Rahman Safrizal , Azharuddin Azharuddin
Published: February 2020

Femoral neck fracture is an intracapsular hip fracture. Hemiarthroplasty is one of the treatment options that replaces femoral aspect of hip joint with a prosthesis, while leaving the acetabulum intact. The treatment’s goal is to return the patient to premorbid capacity. Harris Hip Score (HHS) is an assessment for the outcome of hip surgery which contains: pain, functional capacity, deformity and range of motion (ROM). The purpose of study is to determine relation of BMI and Harris Hip Score (HHS) in patients with femoral neck fracture after hemiarthroplasty. This study is analytic-observational study with cross-sectional design conducted in June-September 2014 in Orthopedic’s Polyclinic of General Hospital dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh. Respondents in this study is 26. Comparative assessment of outcome was analysed by Kruskal-Wallis test with Mann-Whitney test as Post-hoc analysis and correlative assessment was analysed by Spearman test. Comparative assessment present significant relation of BMI (p = 0,006; r=0.458) with Harris Hip Score (HHS) in patients with femoral neck fracture after hemiarthroplasty.
THE EFFECT OF TRANEXAMIC ACID INJECTION ON HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL, ALBUMIN LEVEL, AND PAIN ON PATIENT RECEIVING TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Utomo Dwikora Novembri , Wardhana Teddy Heri , Amrullah Ahmad Hannan , Hamzah Hamzah
Published: February 2020

Background: The high number of knee osteoarthritis cases could lead arthroplasty more frequent. Total Knee Replacement (TKR) surgery procedure is at risk of massive bleeding. Bleeding can affect albumin levels and the onset of intra-compartment pressure on the nerves. The use of tranexamic acid could be done to reduce bleeding.Objective: Proving the effect of intravenous tranexamic acid administration on patients who will undergo TKR surgery.Methods: The experiment was conducted experimentally using primary laboratory data obtained before and after surgery in patient which will be performed TKR operation starting from April 2017.Result: There are 64 patients who had undergone total knee replacement surgery. The mean preoperative hemoglobin in the tranexamic acid group and without tranexamic acid was 13.06±1.46g/dl and 12.44±0.87g/dl. The mean hemoglobin after surgery was 10.29 ±1.14 g/dl and 9.16±0.97 g/dl. In the group receiving tranexamic acid, 32 (100%) reported low postoperative VAS scores, did not require blood transfusions and did not require albumin transfusion. Groups not receiving tranexamic acid, 32 (100%) moderate postoperative VAS scores, 4 people (12.5%) required the blood transfusion, and 3 (9.4%) required transfusion of albumin.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the group given tranexamic acid had higher hemoglobin levels after surgery than the untreated group of tranexamic acid; there was no difference in albumin levels after surgery in both groups; the administration of tranexamic acid will decrease the amount of blood loss, decrease the degree of pain, and decrease the need for blood transfusions after total knee replacement surgery.
DEGENERATIVE SCOLIOSIS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Martiana I Ketut , Alaydrus M Mukaddam
Published: February 2020

Background: Scoliosis in adults is a spinal deformity in adult patients with a Cobb angle of more than 10° in the coronal plane. Degenerative scoliosis is a term used for the presence of spinal coronal deviation in the elderly population due to segment degeneration. This case report presents a quite different management option, namely applying intraoperative vertebral correction to the subject. The operative procedure carried out on the patient has experienced success as indicated by improvement in symptoms and curve progressiveness in patients.Case: A patient suffers degenerative scoliosis at Surabaya RKZ Hospital. Data is taken from medical records, patient clinical records, home visits, and physical examination of patients.Discussion: From the results of the post op clinical examination, it was found that pain complaints improved compared to pre-op complaints. From the results of the post op radiological examination, the position of fixation was good, there was no spondylolisthesis, lumbar dextroscoliosis (+), lumbar spondylosis (+), drain tip as high as Th12-L1.Conclusion: Giving operative management can directly improve the patient's quality of life and reduce symptoms experienced in a shorter time.
THORACIC SPINE CANAL STENOSIS WITH CAUDA EQUINE SYNDROME: CASE REPORT
Authors: Airlangga Primadenny Ariesa , Arifin Arifin
Published: February 2020

Background: Cases of thoracic stenosis with cauda equina syndrome are rare. The thoracal canal is relatively narrow compared with cervical and lumbar, so the less pressure on the lower thoracal region is the thoracic vertebral height 11 which is the initial release of the cauda equine nerve root can cause complaints of cauda equina syndrome.Case: A 50-year-old male presented pain in both legs for 3 years, accompanied by weakness in the legs, numbness in the buttocks, and erectile dysfunction. Thoracal MRI examination shows severe spinal stenosis at 11th-12th thoracal vertebra with ligamentum flavum hypertrophy. Second patient, a 70-year-old man complained of weak legs since 1 week, accompanied by low back pain, numbness in the buttocks, and difficulty defecating. Thoracal MRI examination shows severe spinal stenosis in the 10th-11th thoracal vertebra. Both patients immediately underwent selective decompression surgery, laminotomy, and flavectomy at thoracal level showed satisfactory results based on improvement in clinical symptoms.Discussion: Leg weakness, hypoesthesia in the buttocks and pubic area, erectile dysfunction is the cauda equina syndrome. The exit of the first cauda equine nerve can be placed at 11th thoracic vertebra, so the presence of stenosis at that level and bellow can cause symptoms of the cauda equina syndrome. MRI examination is needed to ensure that there is severe spinal stenosis at the level of the thoracal-lumbar spine, according to the level of neurological disorders. The surgery of decompression is immediately carried out in the case of cauda equina syndrome because it is an emergency state.Conclusion. In cases with complaints of the cauda equina syndrome, thoracic stenosis can be the cause due to stenosis of the lower thoracic region which is the initial root of the cauda equina nerve. Confirm accurate diagnosis is with MRI.
ANTERIOR TALOFIBULAR LIGAMENT (ATFL) RECONSRUCTION WITH MODIFIED BROSTROM-GOULD TECHNIQUE USING FIBER WIRE
Authors: Desnantyo Andre Triadi , Edward Mouli , Asyumaredha Asyumaredha
Published: February 2020

Background: The incident of ankle sprain reported 1 of 10.000 case each day. The most incident was male about 22-24 year and sport active. We reported 2 cases (15 years old female and 21 years old male) both of them played routine basketball and futsal.Case: We reported 2 cases, male 21 years old and female 15 years old, both of them suffered from anterior talofibular ligament rupture, with AOFAS score fair (below 80 point) from the MRI there is rupture of ATFL.Discussion: The patient administered to the hospital after injury at sport. By physical examination (fair at AOFAS score) and radiological finding, they was decided underwent rupture anterior talofibular ligament and prepared for reconstruction with modified Brostrom-Gould technique using fiber wire. After + 3 month, the evaluation from physical diagnostic, radiology and we got an excellent AOFAS score, which means the 2 patient got really satisfaction and has no limitation at doing daily activities.Conclusion: ATFL is one of the lateral ligament of the ankle which protect the foot while moving at plantar flexion. Modified Brostrom-Gould technique using fiber wire gave good result for reconstruction ATFL rupture for these 2 patients.
Anthropocene: To Be or not to be?
Authors: Santos José Gomes dos
Published: February 2020

The growing interest related to the proposal of formal definition of a new geological period that has being called “Anthropocene” has introduced a buzzing dynamics in the scientific community, but its conduct is perhaps due to various interests involved in a discussion that has long surpassed the contours of the so-called “Geosciences”. Themes such as “Climate Change or Drift”, “Global Warming”, “Massive Extinction of Species” and “Loss of bio and geodiversity”, among others, are the wheel of a geomorphogenetic dynamics of anthropocentric origin, which leads the debate. But are the conditions for the formal establishment of a new morphosedimentary cycle following the Meghalayanian (Upper Holocene) Age? This work pursues a line of thought that seeks to answer these and other questions, based on the official position of the institutes that have the scientific competence for the formalization under consideration, and the formal criteria that should be considered for this purpose.
Comparative Anatomy of the Nuchal Ligament Lamellae and Cervical Interspinous Ligament in Zebrines (Horse and Zebra) and Asinines (Donkey)
Authors: May-Davis Sharon , Hunter Robert , Brown Wendy Y.
Published: February 2020

A recent study postulated the reduction in nuchal ligament lamellae attachments from C2-C7 to primarily C2-C5, occurred after domestication in modern horse (Equus caballus). It further identified that close relatives of E. caballus still retained the nuchal ligament lamellae from C2-C7, whether the equid was a zebrine or asinine. To date, the morphology of the attachment sites of the nuchal ligament lamellae to the cervical vertebrae between zebrines and asinines have not been investigated. In this study, zebrines were represented by domestic horse, Przewalski’s horse, close descendants of Equus ferus ferus and zebra; asinines were represented by donkeys. Comparative anatomy revealed that in zebrines the nuchal ligament lamellae attached to the eminence of the cervical dorsal spines with triangular apertures between each attachment and when attached to C6 and C7, the apertures elongated dorsally. Furthermore, the cervical interspinous ligament attached to each cervical dorsal spine forming a ligamentous base to each aperture from C2-T1. In asinines, the findings revealed the nuchal ligament lamellae attached to the entire dorsal eminence including the cervical dorsal spines from C2-C7, and neither apertures nor cervical interspinous ligaments were present. These informative results may benefit studies involving equid biomechanics and Palaeontologists identifying individual cervical specimens.
Dynamics of Neutrino Wave Packet in the Tachyon-like Dirac Equation
Authors: Nanni Luca
Published: February 2020

In this study the tachyon-like Dirac equation, formulated by Chodos to describe superluminal neutrino, is solved. The analytical solutions are Gaussian wave packets obtained using the envelope method. It is shown that the superluminal neutrino behaves like a pseudo-tachyon, namely a particle with subluminal velocity and pure imaginary mass that fulfils the energy-momentum relation typical of classical tachyons. The obtained results are used to prove that the trembling motion of the particle position around the median, known as Zitterbewegung, also takes place for the superluminal neutrino, even if the oscillation velocity is always lower than the speed of light. Finally, the pseudo-tachyon wave packet is used to calculate the probability of oscillation between mass states, obtaining a formula analogous to the one obtained for the ordinary neutrino. This suggest that in the experiments concerning neutrino oscillation is not possible to distinguish tachyonic neutrinos from ordinary ones.
Stock Mispricing Differentiate the Motives for Mergers and Acquisitions：
Based on the Post-acquisition Market Evidence from China
Authors: Xiao Ming , Peng Zhijia
Published: February 2020

This study uses a recently developed theory and technique to examine post-acquisition evidence as to the motives for mergers and acquisitions(M&As), and decomposed the M/B ratio into three components: firm-specific error, time-series sector error, and long-run value-to-book. We make a multidimensional grouping according to the frequency of M&As , payment method, proportion of shares acquired, M/B ratio before the merger and total assets of the acquirers before the merge. The results confirm that M&As involve multiple motives, such as market timing, industry and economic shocks, agency and hubris. Using a sample of 2,035 M&As in China, we find that 59% are related to market timing, 68% are related to agency and hubris, 21% are related to industry and economic shocks, 51% are related to multiple motives.
PENGEMBANGAN ENTERPRENEUR MAHASISWA DALAM USAHA BATAKO DI WORKSHOP PTB UNS
Authors: Saputro Ida Nugroho , Rahmawati Anis , Waluyo Waluyo , Nurhidayati Aryanti
Published: February 2020

Concrete brick is a kind of non structural brick which can be used for street, parking lot, sidewalk, park and another necessity. Concrete brick is made of the mixture of portland cement type one, water and aggregate as the filler materials. The ussage of concrete brick is more eco friendly compared with brick, moreover the ussage of concrete brick grows rapidly, especially in Solo lately because of the rapid growth of housing estate and bisnis area.
Observing the expansion of the concrete brick necessity so Pendidikan Teknik Bangunan (PTB) workshop develop it to concrete brick entrepreneurship program. This program was aimed through college entrepreneurship which is managed by the unversity students to study about entrepreneurhip. The college developing program are entrepreneurship training for the students, form a concrete brick production unit, incubation of the concrete brick bisnis and creating a new entrepreneur as the result. PTB workshop has and enough place for the development of the college entrepreneur. From the result of entrepreneurship activity the students can develop cncrete brick bisnis unit so it can be used as a additional income.
The result of college entrepreneurship activity has made a concrete brick bisnis unit and management office in Pabelan Campus UNS. This activity is involving ten university students from various major, mostly from PTB major. There are two kinds of concrete brick that has been made; Rejal concrete brick and hollow concrete brick. Six hundred concrete brick has been made with the size 10 cm x 15 cm x 30 cm and 10 cm x 20 cm x 40 cm. This size is usually used as a wall or building to adjust the needs of the society.
Keywords : concrete brick, entrepreneurship, college, workshop
The utility of red cell distribution width to predict mortality of septic patients in a tertiary hospital of Nepal.
Authors: Ghimire Rajan , Shakya Yogendra Man , Shrestha Tirtha Man , Neupane Ram Prasad
Published: February 2020

Background : Sepsis is a common problem encountered in the emergency room which needs to be intervened early. Predicting prognosis is always a difficult task in busy emergency rooms using present scores, which has a number of variables to calculate. Red cell distribution width (RDW) is an easy, cheap, and efficacious score to predict the severity and mortality of patients with sepsis. Method: This prospective analytical study was conducted in the emergency room of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital among the patients age ≥16 years and with a clinical diagnosis of sepsis using qSOFA score. 148 patients were analyzed in the study by using a non-probability purposive sampling method. Result: RDW is more efficacious test to predict mortality in sepsis (Area under the Curve of 0.734; 95% C. I= 0.649-0.818; p-value=0.000) than APACHE II (AUC of 0.728; 95% C. I= 0.637 to 0.819; p-value=0.000) or SOFA (AUC of 0.680, 95% C.I =0.591-0.770; p-value=0.001). Youden Index was maximum (37%) at RDW value 14.75, which has a sensitivity of 83% (positive likelihood ratio=1.81) and specificity of 54% (negative likelihood ratio=0.32). Out of 44 patients with septic shock 16 died (36.4 %) and among 104 patients without septic shock, 24 died (22.9%) which had the odds ratio of 0.713 (p=0.555, 95% C. I= 0.231-2.194). Overall mortality was 27.02% (n=40). RDW subgroup analysis showed no mortality in low RDW (<13.1) subgroup, 3.6% mortality in moderate (13.1 to 14) RDW group, 22.0% mortality in high (14 to >15.6) RDW group and 45.9% mortality in very high (>15.6) RDW group. Significant mortality difference was seen in high and very high RDW subgroups with a p-value of 0.003 and 0.008 respectively. Conclusion: RDW can be used as a good prognostic score to predict the mortality of patients with sepsis in the emergency room. RDW is a more efficacious test to predict mortality in sepsis than APACHE II or SOFA scores. Keywords : red cell distribution width, sepsis, emergency care, mortality
Evolution of comorbidities in people living with HIV between 2004 and 2014: Cross-sectional analyses from ANRS CO3 Aquitaine Cohort
Authors: Bonnet Fabrice , Marec Fabien Le , Leleux Olivier , Gerard Yann , Neau Didier , Lazaro Estibaliz , Duffau Pierre , Caubet Olivier , Vandenhende Marrie-Anne , Mercie Patrick , Cazanave Charles , Dabis Francois
Published: February 2020

Background:
The objective of the present study was to describe the evolution of chronic non-AIDS related diseases and their risk factors, in patients living with HIV (PLHIV) included in the French ANRS CO3 Aquitaine prospective cohort, observed both in 2004 and in 2014 in order to improve long-term healthcare management.
Methods:
The ANRS CO3 Aquitaine cohort prospectively collects epidemiological, clinical, biological and therapeutic data on PLHIV in the French Aquitaine region. Two cross sectional analyses were performed in 2004 and 2014, regarding patient characteristics, HIVRNA and CD4 counts and prevalence of some of the common comorbidities and treatment.
Results:
2,138 PLHIV (71% male, median age 52.2 years in 2014), who had at least one visit registered in the cohort both in 2004 and 2014 were included in the study.
We have observed a significant increase in the prevalence of diagnosed chronic kidney disease (CKD), bone fractures, cardiovascular events (CVE), hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia as well as an increase in treatment or prevention for these conditions (statins, clopidogrel, aspirin).
This is also reflected in an increase in the proportion of patients in the high or very high risk groups in the different disease risk scores for CKD, CVE and bone fracture score.
Conclusions:
Between 2004 and 2014, the population aged and experienced an overall higher prevalence of non-HIV related comorbidities, including CKD and CVD. Careful HIV management according to current recommendations, and optimal selection of antiretrovirals, in addition to a good control of risk factors for these comorbidities, through lifestyle improvements and preventative measures, could lead to an early management of these comorbidities and to a continuous improvement of PLHIV health status.
Forecasting incidence of infectious diarrhea using random forest in Jiangsu rovince, China
Authors: Fang Xinyu , Liu Wendong , Ai Jing , He Mike , Wu Ying , Shi Yingying , Shen Wenqi , Bao Changjun
Published: February 2020

Background: Infectious diarrhea can lead to a considerable global disease burden. Thus, the accurate prediction of an infectious diarrhea epidemic is crucial for public health authorities. This study was aimed at developing an optimal random forest (RF) model, considering meteorological factors used to predict an incidence of infectious diarrhea in Jiangsu Province, China. Methods: An RF model was developed and compared with classical autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA)/X models. Morbidity and meteorological data from 2012 to 2016 were used to construct the models and the data from 2017 were used for testing. Results: The RF model considered atmospheric pressure, precipitation, relative humidity, and their lagged terms, as well as 1–4 week lag morbidity and time variable as the predictors. Meanwhile, a univariate model ARIMA(1,0,1)(1,0,0) 52 (AIC=−575.92, BIC=−558.14) and a multivariable model ARIMAX(1,0,1)(1,0,0) 52 with 0-1 week lag precipitation (AIC=−578.58, BIC=−578.13) were developed as benchmarks . The RF model outperformed the ARIMA/X models with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of approximately 20% . The performance of the ARIMAX model was comparable to that of the ARIMA model with a MAPE reaching approximately 30%. Conclusions: The RF model fitted the dynamic nature of an infectious diarrhea epidemic well and delivered an ideal prediction accuracy . It comprehensively combined the synchronous and lagged effects of meteorological factors; it also integrated the autocorrelation and seasonality of the morbidity. The RF model can be used to predict the epidemic level and has a high potential for practical implementation.
The etiology and prognosis of canalicular laceration repair using canalicular anastomosis combined with bicanalicular stent intubation
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Qin Xiuhong , Ji Jiali , Lu Yang , Xu Li , Guo Tao , Xiao Caiwen , Zhang Zhenzhen
Published: February 2020

Background: To evaluate the etiology of lacrimal canalicular laceration and explore possible risk factors influencing prognosis. Methods: A total of 142 patients (142 eyes) with lacrimal canalicular lacerations were reviewed and surgically repaired using canalicular anastomosis combined with bicanalicular stent intubation between March 2017 and March 2018. The analyzed data contained demographic information, the types of trauma, injury locations, associated additional ocular injuries and surgerical outcomes at follow-up. The main outcome measures were anatomic success, functional success, and the complications of surgery. Results: The mean patient age was 42.07years(ranging from 1-75 years) and 112 (78.87%) were men. Upper and lower canalicular lacerations were found in 14 (9.86%) and 112 patients (78.87%), respectively, and both canalicular lacerations were found in 16 patients (11.27%). Electric bike accidents were the leading cause of injury with 76 patients (53.52%). There were 100 (70.42%) patients who had lid laceration without tarsal plate fracture and 42 (29.58%) patients who had lid laceration with tarsal plate fracture. Anatomic success rate was 98.59%, and functional success rate was 83.8%. Functional reconstruction failure rates were higher in patients with indirect injuries, lid laceration with tarsal plate fracture, and with punctum splitting( P <0.05). Surgical Complications were detected in the form of lacrimal punctum ectropion in 3 (2.11%) patients, punctum splitting in 2 (1.41%) patients, stent extrusion and loss in 2 (1.41%) patients. Conclusions: Electric bike accidents have become the leading cause of injury instead of the motor vehicle accidents because of changes in lifestyle. The indirect injuries, lid laceration with tarsal plate fracture and with punctum splitting, were significantly more likely to lead to a poor prognosis, as comfirmed by the lower functional success rate of surgery.
Risk factors for progression of solitary plasmacytoma of bone to multiple myeloma in the spine: A population-based study
Authors: Xie Lin , Wang Hongli , Jiang Jianyuan , Zheng Chaojun
Published: February 2020

Background: Spine SBP is a primary spinal malignant tumor. Risk factors associated with progression of solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SBP) to multiple myeloma in spine remains unknown. This study therefore aimed to identify the risk factors associated with progression of solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SBP) to multiple myeloma in the spine.Methods: Data of 1543 patients diagnosed with spine SBP between 1992 and 2013 was obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for analysis. Risk factors associated with progression of SBP to multiple myeloma (MM) were then identified using univariate and multivariate regression analysis methods.Results: Out of the 1543 patients diagnosed with spine SBP, 659 of them progressed to MM. The overall rate of progression to MM was 42.51%. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis revealed that age, race, gender and chemotherapy were independent risk factors associated with SBP progression to MM.Conclusion: Old aged patients, patients belonging to the white race, female patients and those undergoing chemotherapy were identified to be at a high risk of progression to MM. This information will assist clinicians in evaluating patients’ risk of SBP progression to MM at the point of diagnosis and advise them accordingly.
Characterization of astrocytes throughout life in wildtype and APP/PS1 mice after early-life stress exposure
Authors: Abbink Maralinde R. , Kotah Janssen M. , Hoeijmakers Lianne , Mak Aline , Yvon-Durocher Genevieve , Gaag Bram van der , Lucassen Paul J. , Korosi Aniko
Published: February 2020

Background Early-life stress (ES) is an emerging risk factor for later-life development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We have previously shown that ES modulates amyloid-beta pathology and the microglial response to it in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model. Because astrocytes are key players in the pathogenesis of AD, we studied here if and how ES affects astrocytes in wildtype (WT) and APP/PS1 mice, and how these relate to the previously reported amyloid pathology and microglial profile. Methods We induced ES by limiting nesting and bedding material from postnatal days (P) 2-9. We studied in WT mice (at P9, P30 and 6 months) and in APP/PS1 mice (at 4 and 10 months) i) GFAP coverage, cell density and complexity in hippocampus (HPC) and entorhinal cortex (EC); ii) hippocampal gene expression of astrocyte markers; and iii) the relationship between astrocyte, microglia and amyloid markers. Results In WT mice, ES increased GFAP coverage in HPC subregions at P9, and decreased it at 10 months. APP/PS1 mice at 10 months exhibited both individual cell as well as clustered GFAP signals. APP/PS1 mice when compared to WT exhibited reduced total GFAP coverage in HPC, which is increased in the EC, while coverage of the clustered GFAP signal in the HPC was increased and accompanied by increased expression of several astrocytic genes. While measured astrocytic parameters in APP/PS1 mice appear not be further modulated by ES, analyzing these in the context of ES-induced alterations to amyloid pathology and microglial shows alterations at both 4 and 10 months of age. Conclusions Our data suggest that ES leads to alterations to the astrocytic response to amyloid-β pathology.
Tissue Adhesive for Wound Closure in enhanced-recovery Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Randomized and Controlled Study
Authors: Kong Xiangpeng , Yang Minzhi , Cao Zheng , Chen Jiying , Chai Wei , Wang Yan
Published: February 2020

Background: We aimed to present our experience of adopting tissue adhesive as adjunct to standard wound closure in total hip arthroplasty (THA) and evaluate its performance.Methods: From September 2019 to November 2019, we prospectively enrolled consecutive patients who underwent simultaneous bilateral THA in this randomized and controlled study. Standard wound closure was applied on one side of hip while additional tissue adhesive was applied on the other side at random. We collected and analyzed patients’ information, including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), diagnosis, postoperative length of stay (LOS), dressing changes, wound evaluation scores, wound-related cost and complications.
Results: Thirty patients with simultaneous bilateral THA were enrolled in this study. During the hospital stay, the times of dressing change in hips with tissue adhesive was significantly less than that in the other hips (p=0.000). However, the wound-related cost in hips with tissue adhesive was significantly higher (p=0.000). According to patients’ feedback at one-month follow-up, wound evaluation of hips with tissue adhesive was significantly better than the other hips (p=0.004). Seventeen patients preferred tissue adhesive and only five patients preferred standard wound closure.
Conclusions: Tissue adhesive could significantly reduce wound drainage and increase patients’ satisfaction, which can be an ideal adjunct to standard wound closure in enhanced-recovery THA.
ALDH1A3 serves as a predictor for castration resistance in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Wang Shangqian , Zhou Xiang , Liang Chao , Bao Meiling , Tian Ye , Zhu Jundong , Zhang Tongtong , yang jie , Wang Zengjun
Published: February 2020

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) has been implicated in the survival and proliferation of prostate cancer cells. We retrospectively reviewed our patients with advanced disease on adjuvant hormonal therapy after prostatectomy. Time to castration resistance stage was documented. And Immunohistochemistry analysis for ALDH1A3 was performed for those patient samples on tissue microarray. Using bioinformatics analysis for RNA sequencing data of both primary prostate cancer and metastatic castration resistance prostate cancer (mCRPC) from online datasets, we have found that the expression level of ALDH1A3 is lower in mCRPC group than in primary cancer group. Crispr-Cas9 was used to knock out ALDH1A3 in prostate cancer luminal cells, and morphologic analysis as well as the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were facilitated to discover the mechanisms of the resistance phenotype. We found that the patients with ALDH1A3 low expression had shorter time to progression to castration resistance compared with those of higher expression group on adjuvant hormonal therapy after radical prostatectomy. The ALDH1A3 knockout cells gradually acquired resistance to androgen deprivation therapy, a few cells have been found in knockout group showing as that the spindle-like luminal cells in charcoal stripped medium. Furthermore, PI3K pathway activation has been confirmed by Western blot. The PI3K pathway inhibitor BEZ235 has been demonstrated that the acquired ADT resistance by ALDH1A3 down regulation could be rescued by PI3K pathway inhibitor. Together, these results suggested a novel function for ALDH1A3 in development of mCRPC, and indicated PI3K pathway inhibitor has the potential in the treatment of a subgroup of mCRPC patients.
Association between Epstein-Barr Virus Infection and Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Tavakoli Ahmad , Monavari Seyed Hamidreza , Mohammadi Farid Solaymani , Kiani Seyed Jalal , Armat Saber , Farahmand Mohammad
Published: February 2020

Background: Numerous studies conducted over the past 30 years have pointed to the presence of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in gastric cancer samples. This study was aimed to provide a meta-analytic review of the prevalence of EBV in gastric cancer patients, and to clarify the relationship between EBV infection and gastric cancer. Methods: A literature search was performed electronically using online databases for English language publications until July 1, 2019. The pooled EBV prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a random effects model. To determine the association between EBV and gastric cancer, pooled odds ratio (OR) and its 95% CI were computed for case-control studies with matched pairs design. Results: The pooled prevalence of EBV in 20411 gastric cancer patients was 8.78% (95% CI: 7.75-9.93%; I 2 =83.0%). The proportion of EBV-associated gastric cancer among male cases was significantly higher than among female cases (10.85%, vs 5.72%) ( P <0.01). EBV was more prevalent in the cardia (12.47%) and in the body (11.68%) compared to the antrum (6.29%) ( P <0.01). There were 20 studies with matched pairs design, including tumor and tumor-adjacent normal tissue pairs from 4116 gastric cancer patients. The pooled OR between EBV infection and gastric cancer risk was 18.56 (95% CI: 15.68–21.97; I 2 = 55.4%). Conclusion: EBV infection is associated with more than 18 times increase risk of gastric cancer. Although the prevalence of EBV was higher in male patients than in female patients with gastric cancer, women are more likely than men to develop EBV-associated gastric cancer.
A comprehensive study on the oncogenic mutation and molecular pathology in Chinese lung adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Zhang Xilin , Jiang Yan , Yu Huanming , Xia Hui , Wang Xiang
Published: February 2020

Background: Several driver genetic alterations have been identified in micropapillary lung adenocarcinoma (MPA). However, the frequency of ROS1 rearrangements is yet unclear. Herein, we investigated the associations between clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of MPA compared with non-micropapillary lung adenocarcinoma (LA).Methods: FFPE sections derived from lung adenocarcinoma patients who never received adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy prior to surgical resection were collected from October 2016 to June 2019. EGFR mutations, ROS1 rearrangements and EML4-ALK fusions were identified in a set of 131 MPA and LA cases by using the Amplification Refractory Mutation System.Results: EGFR mutations had occurred in 42 (76.4%) MPA patients and 42 (55.3%) LA patients. But interestingly, ROS1 rearrangement was present in 10.9% (6/55) MPA cases and 1.3% (1/76) LA cases. Moreover, 7.3% (4/55) MPA samples had multiple gene mutations, while only 1.3% (1/76) LA cases had double gene alterations.Conclusions: A higher prevalence of ROS1 rearrangements or combined mutations of ROS1 and EGFR or EML4-ALK may play a critical role in the tumorigenesis of MPA. These finding provides a novel therapy strategy for the patients with malignant MPA through combining TKIs than one TKI.