bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The status of the taxa of extinct giant wombats (Vombatidae: Marsupialia), and a consideration of vombatid phylogeny.
Authors: Dawson L.
Published: December 2022

A re-examination of the type material and the description of a recently discovered fossil specimen from the Pleistocene deposits of the eastern Darling Downs, Queensland, has supported the synonomy of two taxa of large extinct wombats, Phascolomys curvirostris Owen, 1875 and Phascolomys magnus Owen, 1872 in Ramsayia magna (Owen). This species is shown to be variable in size, but occasionally as large as the equally variable Phascolonus gigas. A mandible, also from the eastern Darling Downs, is referred to this species, while its similarity to the holotype of Phascolonus lemleyi Archer, suggests that this latter species should also be placed in Ramsayia. A revised generic diagnosis is included. A hypothesis of the relationships of living and fossil wombats is presented, based on a cladistic analysis of dental and palatal characters.
Breeding bandicoots in Brisbane (Isoodon macrourus; Marsupialia, Peramelidae).
Authors: Gemmell R . T.
Published: December 2022

Eighty-three adult female Common Short-nosed Bandicoots, lsoodon macrourus, were trapped in the environs of Brisbane from July, 1976 until November, 1980, and the number of births per month was calculated. One birth was observed in the months of April to June, the remaining 82 births occurred in the other nine months of the year. Similarly, 53 births were observed over 43 months of study with animals housed in a 900 m2 enclosure; only two of these births occurred in the months April to June. The findings indicate that there is a decrease in breeding during autumn and early winter in both wild and captive populations of bandicoots. The number of pouch young in 51 bandicoots caught in the wild decreased from 3.6 ± 0.3 young per litter (x̄, SE n = 14) on days 1-10 of lactation to 2.1 ± 0.4 (x̄, SE n = 9) on day 41 and onwards of lactation. A similar result was obtained from a breeding colony held within an enclosure. The litter size decreased from 4.0 ± 0.4 (x̄, SE n = 4) immediately after birth to 2.4 ± 0.6 (x̄, SE n = 9) on day 41 to the end of lactation, the period of lactation being approximately 60 days.
Predation of the euro Macropus robustus (Marsupialia: Macropodidae), by the European fox Vulpes vulpes (Placentalia: Canidae).
Authors: Hornsby P. E.
Published: December 2022

NA
The taxonomy and distribution of Macropus (Fissuridon) pearsoni (Marsupialia: Macropodidae).
Authors: Flannery T. , Archer M.
Published: December 2022

Macropus pearsoni, previously known only from the Pleistocene eastern Darling Downs, Queensland, is now recorded from the early Pleistocene Kanunka local fauna of the Katipiri Sands, South Australia. The presence of M. pearsoni as well as other species of macropodids in both the Darling Downs and Kanunka deposits may indicate a close temporal relationship between the faunas from these two localities. Fissuridon Bartholomai, 1973, appears to be a junior synonym of Macropus Shaw, 1790, but is retained as a subgeneric name and expanded to include Macropus (Fissuridon) pan DeVis, 1895.
Coprophagy in the common ringtail possum, Pseudocheirus peregrinus (Marsupialia: Petauridae).
Authors: Chilcott M. J.
Published: December 2022

NA
Redescription of Pseudomys bolami Troughton, 1932 (Rodentia: Muridae).
Authors: Kitchener D. J. , Adams M. , Haverstock P.
Published: December 2022

Pseudomys bolami Troughton, 1932, is distinguished from hermannsburgensis (Waite, 1896) on electrophoretic and external, cranial and dental morphometric characters. Both species are sympatric at Goongarrie, Western Australia.
Studies on the sex chromosomes of Burramys parvus Broom (Marsupialia: Burramyidae).
Authors: Hayman D. L. , Mansergh I. M.
Published: December 2022

NA
Notes on the distribution, abundance, diet and habitat of the New Guinea murid (Rodentia) Xenuromys barbatus (Milne-Edwards, 1900).
Authors: Flannery T. , Dyck S. Van , Krogh M.
Published: December 2022

NA
Preface
Authors: Fox B. J.
Published: December 2022

NA
Small mammal communities in North American grasslands.
Authors: Batzli G. O.
Published: December 2022

Small mammal communities in North American grasslands usually contain 10 to 15 species, including carnivores, insectivores, lagomorphs and rodents. The most diverse group, the rodents, has species that primarily eat insects, monocotyledons, dicotyledons or seeds, as well as species that are omnivorous. Western grasslands have summer drought and many species found there, particularly heteromyid rodents, are also found in western deserts. The wetter eastern grasslands contain insectivores and rodents that also occur in eastern forest meadows The occurrence and relative abundance of particular species at any site depends upon at least three factors: vegetational characteristics (cover and food availability), abundance of predators and abundance of competing species. A literature review indicates that competitive effects have been particularly well documented among grassland rodents. These effects range from subtle habitat shifts to competitive exclusion and appear to be directly related to the amount of overlap in diet and to the density of the dominant competing species.
Some aspects of female reproduction in the Grey-headed Flying-fox, Pteropus poliocephalus (Megachiroptera: Pteropodidae).
Authors: Towers P. A. , Martin L.
Published: December 2022

Antral follicles are found in both ovaries of non-breeding females throughout the year, but not in pregnant bats after May, or in post-partum females until January. Follicle sizes increase in the breeding season, but plasma oestradiol concentrations do not change; significant increases occur only in the later stages of pregnancy. During early gestation corpora lutea appear secretory but plasma progesterone concentrations are low. Later in pregnancy progesterone concentrations rise although the CL appears to regress. The placenta is presumably responsible for the high hormone levels observed at this time. Possible factors regulating female receptivity and breeding season are discussed.
Echolocation and acoustic communication in the Australian Ghost Bat, Macroderma gigas (Microchiroptera: Megadermatidae).
Authors: Guppy A. , Coles R. B. , Pettigrew J. D.
Published: December 2022

The vocal ability of Macroderma gigas can be divided into two sections, social communication and echolocation signals. The echolocation system is characterised by short frequency modulated pulses with an average duration of 0.7 msec at rest and 1.2 msec during indoor flight. The pulses contain 3 or 4 harmonics, with the second and third harmonics having the most energy. The fundamental frequency of the pulse is modulated from 20-15 kHz and is suppressed during sonar emission. Pulse repetition rate varies from 2 pps at rest to 110 pps when approaching objects during flight. An average pulse rate of 32 pps occurs during unrestricted flight. During flight, echolocation pulses are grouped into 3 to 5 pulses with bursts of three being the most common. During the approach to objects sonar pulses become paired, while during landing pulse emission is ungrouped. Two types of social communication sounds are described: audible (to humans) calls which include a commonly used "chirp" and "squabble", and ultrasonic calls. The audible calls have a main energy band between 5-15 kHz. The structure of ultrasonic social calls have similarities to sonar pulses but most of the energy is restricted to the second harmonic.
The occurrence of Phoniscus papuensis (Dobson)(Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) on the south coast of New South Wales.
Authors: Lunney D. , Barker J.
Published: December 2022

NA
Detection of prey by captive Ningaui ridei and Sminthopsis griseoventer (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae).
Authors: Huang C.
Published: December 2022

The role of olfaction, vision and hearing in prey detection was investigated in Sminthopsis griseoventer and Ningaui ridei. Prey were presented so that they could be detected by one or a combination of these senses. When prey was presented so that only one sense could be used, prey were detected only by olfaction. When prey were presented so that two or all senses could be used, prey detection was fastest when all three senses were used and faster when hearing was used in combination with olfaction than when vision was used in combination with olfaction. It is suggested that hearing and vision may direct prey investigation by olfaction, and so speed location of prey.
Rate of food passage in Planigale spp.(Marsupialia: Dasyuridae).
Authors: Read D. G.
Published: December 2022

NA
An historic record of the New Zealand greater short-tailed bat Mystacina robusta (Microchiroptera: Mystacinidae) from the South Island, New Zealand.
Authors: Flannery T. F.
Published: December 2022

NA
Hearing in flying foxes (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae).
Authors: Calford M. B. , McNally K. I.
Published: December 2022

NA
Vaginal smears and the reproductive cycle of the common sheath-tail bat, Taphozous georgianus (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae).
Authors: Jolly S.
Published: December 2022

NA
Strain-modulated spin Hall magnetoresistance in YIG/Pt heterojunctions
Authors: Wu Yong , Wen Kaibin , Chen Jikun , Meng Kangkang , Xu Xiaoguang , Jiang Yong
Published: December 2022

This paper reports that the substrate-induced strain effect can be utilized to control spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) of YIG/Pt heterojunctions. The YIG films with in-plane compressive strain and tensile strain are respectively prepared on GGG and GSGG substrates by pulsed-laser deposition. The ratio of SMR of YIG/Pt heterojunctions with YIG under the in-plane tensile strain state is 1.6 time larger than that of YIG with the out-of-plane compressive strain state. The spin mixing conductance of YIG/Pt interface increases with the substrate-induced in-plane tensile strain on YIG. The increase of roughness and the reduction of ratio of Fe3+/Fe2+ for YIG surface is responsible for this modulation. This finding provides an interesting prospect for control of SMR by substrate-induced strain effect.
New physics in B
q

0–

B¯q0

mixing: present challenges, prospects, and implications for

Bq0⃗μ+μ−
Authors: De Bruyn Kristof , Fleischer Robert , Malami Eleftheria , van Vliet Philine
Published: December 2022

The phenomenon of B0

q
–

B

¯

q

0

mixing (q = d, s) provides a sensitive probe for physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). We explore the corresponding space for New Physics left through the current data, having a careful look at analyses of the Unitarity Triangle that are needed for the SM predictions of the B

q
mixing parameters. In particular, we explore the impact of tensions between inclusive and exclusive determinations of the CKM matrix elements ∣V

ub
∣ and ∣V

cb
∣. Moreover, we focus on the angle γ of the Unitarity Triangle, comparing measurements from B → DK and B → π
π, ρ
π, ρ
ρ decays, where the latter are typically interpreted in terms of the angle α. We discuss various scenarios and present the corresponding state-of-the-art constraints on the New Physics parameters of B
q

0–

B

¯

q

0

mixing. We point out that these results have an interesting application in the analysis of rare

B

q

0

→

μ

+

μ

−

decays, allowing us to minimise the impact of CKM parameters in the search for New Physics. In view of the high-precision era, we make future projections. Interestingly, we find that for the extraction of the New Physics parameters in the B

d
system the determination of the apex of the Unitarity Triangle results in a key limiting factor. By contrast, the corresponding impact is negligible for the B

s
system, making it a promising candidate to reveal sources of New Physics.
In situ saxs characterization of thermoresponsive behavior of a poly(ethylene glycol)-graft-(poly(vinyl caprolactam)-co-poly(vinyl acetate)) amphiphilic graft copolymer
Authors: Kennedy Mitchell A , Zhang Yugang , Bhatia Surita R
Published: December 2022

We report the thermoresponsive assembly and rheology of an amphiphilic thermosensitive graft copolymer, poly(ethylene glycol)-graft-(poly(vinyl caprolactam)-co-poly(vinyl acetate)) (commercial name Soluplus®), which has been investigated for potential biomedical applications. It has received attention due to is ability to solubilize hydrophobic drugs and for its thickening behavior close to body temperature. Through use of the synchrotron at Brookhaven National Lab, and collaboration with the department of energy, the nanoscale structure and properties can be probed in greater detail. Soluplus® undergoes two structural changes as temperature is increased; the first, a concentration independent change where samples become turbid at 32 °C. Increasing the temperature further causes the formation of physically associated hydrogels. This sol-gel transition is concentration dependent and occurs at 32 °C for 40 wt% samples, and increases to 42 °C for 10 wt% samples. From variable temperature SAXS characterization micelles of 20–25 nm in radius can be seen and maintain their size and packing below 32 °C. A gradual increase in the aggregation of micelles corresponding to a thickening of the material is also observed. Close to and above the gelation temperature, micelles collapse and form a physically associated 3D network. A model is proposed to explain these physical effects, where the poly(vinyl caprolactam) group transitions from the hydrophilic corona at room temperature to the hydrophobic core as temperature is increased.
Self-organization phenomena in cold atmospheric pressure plasma slit jet
Authors: Polášková K , Nečas D , Dostál L , Klíma M , Fiala P , Zajíčková L
Published: December 2022

The radio frequency plasma slit jet, which produces 150 mm wide streaming plasma outside the jet body, exhibits exciting self-organization phenomena that resemble the self-organized patterns of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) filaments. Similarly, as in DBD, the filaments are surrounded by an inhibition zone that does not allow two filaments to come closer to each other. With fast camera imaging, we observed the filamentary character of the discharge in all the studied gas feeds (Ar, Ar/N2, and Ar/O2). Still, the visual appearance of the filaments in the plasma and their interaction with a dielectric surface depended significantly on the gas feed. As the breakdown voltage in pure Ar is relatively low compared to the applied one, new filaments form frequently. Such newly created filaments disrupted the characteristic inter-filament distance, forcing the system to rearrange. The frequent ignition and decay processes in Ar led to short filament lifetimes (0.020–0.035 s) and their high jitter speed (0.9–1.7 m s−1), as determined with an image processing custom code based on Gwyddion libraries. The number of filaments was lower in the Ar/O2 and Ar/N2 mixtures. It was attributed to a loss of energy in the excitation of rotational and vibrational levels and oxygen electronegativity. Since the probability of low-current side discharges transitioning into the full plasma filaments was limited in these gas mixtures, the self-organized pattern was seldom disrupted, leading to lesser movement and longer lifetimes. Unlike in Ar or Ar/O2, the constricted filaments in Ar/N2 were surrounded by diffuse plasma plumes, likely connected to the presence of long-lived nitrogen species. We demonstrated in the polypropylene treatment that the self-organization phenomena affected the treatment uniformity.
The response of some genotypes of maize to downy mildew, maydis leaf blight, leaf rust, and stalk rot
Authors: Muis Amran , Nonci Nurnina , Efendy Roy , Azrai Muhammad
Published: December 2022

Plant diseases in maize are still one of the limiting factors in efforts to increase maize production. The aims of this study were: (1) to obtain populations, lines, and candidate hybrid varieties that were resistant to downy mildew (Peronosclerospora spp.), maydis leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis), rust (Puccinia sp.), and bacterial stalk rot (Dikeya sp.); (2) to identify the causative pathogen using 16s rDNA analysis. In this study, a number of lines/populations of candidate varieties were tested against downy mildew, maydis leaf blight, rust, and stalk rot. The test results showed that all tested hybrid candidates showed resistance to downy mildew even JHD 03 showed a very resistant reaction. The average downy mildew attack ranged from 0.0-10.7%. All of the hybrid candidates tested showed a moderately resistant reaction to maydis leaf blight with an average attack percentage ranging from 18.0-24.7%. All tested hybrid candidates showed a sensitive to very sensitive reaction to rust disease with an average attack percentage ranging from 31.3-68.7%. There were five hybrid maize lines showing very resistant to moderately resistant to bacterial stem rot disease with an average attack percentage ranging from 4.67-24%.
The environmental adaptation to production and price risks of cayenne pepper: Learning from the Lombok Island - Indonesia
Authors: Siddik Muhamad , Tajidan Tajidan , Dipokusumo Bambang , Sudjatmiko Dwi Praptomo , Anwar Anwar
Published: December 2022

The environment in which the place of cultivation determines the level of production and income of the farm, but how the behavior of farmers in the use of technology to achieve high levels of productivity and prices of cayenne pepper is something that still is not known. This study aims to find environmental adaptation technologies that can increase the production and price of cayenne pepper in a changing environmental situation. The study used exploratory methods in three villages of the chili production centers that have different altitudes. The unit of analysis in this study is the cayenne pepper crop that was planted in 2020/2021. As respondents, 45 farmers who grow cayenne pepper were randomly chosen. The highest productivity of cayenne was found in the lowlands at 11,133 kg/ha, in the midlands at 10,277 kg/ha, and the lowest in the highlands at 9,400 kg/ha. Cayenne pepper production risk is highest in the highlands at 0.46, in middle lands at 0.42, and lowest in the lowlands at 0.34. For it is part, the price risk is classified as high in the highlands at 0.62, the middle lands at 0.61, and the lowlands at 0.60. The behavior of farmers in coping with agricultural risks is considered a risk-taker. Cayenne pepper agricultural production still has an opportunity to increase by increasing the area of farmland, labor, urea or ZA fertilizers, SP36 fertilizers, and by increasing the ability of farmers to manage agricultural risks.
Effect of adding bio-phosphate fertilizer on balanced fertilization on maize productivity in intensive land
Authors: Samijan  , Jauhari S. , Nurlaily R. , Arianti F. D. , Minarsih S.
Published: December 2022

Efforts to increase crop production require innovative technology, including balanced fertilization. Intensive agricultural lands with acidity limiting factors often have high levels of P nutrients but are not available to plants. The innovation of natural phosphate fertilizer enriched with phosphate-solubilizing microbes has the opportunity to help solve the problem of phosphate nutrient deficiency and increase plant productivity. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the application of bio-phosphate fertilizer on balanced fertilization on the productivity of maize in Central Java. The study was carried out in intensive paddy fields in Tulung District, Klaten Regency, using a randomized block design with 10 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments consisted of: control without fertilizer, recommended control, recommended fertilizer + bio-phosphate (10,20,30,40 kg ha-1) and existing fertilizer + bio-phosphate (10,20,30,40 kg ha-1). The observed data consisted of growth, yield, and main farming components. The data were analyzed statistically and descriptively using the calculation of the relative value of agronomic effectiveness, and simple profit analysis. The results showed that the use of bio-phosphate fertilizers combined with recommended and existing fertilization patterns had not been proven to have a significant impact on plant growth and yields, but descriptively showed an increase in crop yields, agronomic effectiveness and gains from control. The addition of 10 kg ha-1 bio-phosphate fertilizer to the recommended fertilizer (Petroganik 500 kg ha-1 + Phonska NPK 300 kg ha-1 + Urea 300 kg ha-1), resulted in the best effectiveness and efficiency compared to others.
Intercropping with peanuts and long-term application of organic wastes improve mycorrhizal development and growth of red rice under aerobic irrigation systems
Authors: Kusnarta I G M , Mawaddah F A , Silawibawa I P , Wangiyana W , Dulur N W D , Mahardika I B K
Published: December 2022

Effect of additive intercropping with peanuts and long-term application of organic wastes on the development of arbuscular mycorrhizal and red rice growth under aerobic irrigation systems on raised beds has been studied through a field experiment conducted at Beleke Village, West Lombok, Indonesia, from October 2020 to February 2021. The experiment was designed using Split Plot, with three blocks and two treatment factors: intercropping with peanut (T1= monocropped rice, T2= rice-peanut intercropping) as main plots, and application of organic wastes (L0= no waste, L1= rice husk, L2= rice husk ash, L3= rice husk ash + cattle manure) as subplots. Data were analyzed with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s HSD at 5% levels of significance using CoStat for Windows ver. 6.303. The results indicated that intercropping with peanuts significantly increased plant height, tiller number, and growth rate of plant height by 25, 26, and 50%, respectively. Both intercropping with peanuts and application of organic wastes such as rice husk ash significantly increased mycorrhizal spore number (by 190 and 21%, respectively). Intercropping red rice with peanuts together with the application of rice husk ash resulted in the highest growth rates of tiller number (0.69 tillers/day) and leaf number (3.16 leaves/day) of red rice.
Antibody detection for Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Salmonella pullorum in layer, broiler and native chickens from Sukabumi
Authors: Rachmawati F , Purwanto ES , Suhaemi  , Mulyati S , Tiffarent R , Ariyanti T , Susanti  , Purba HHS , Desem MI , Azmi Z , Subekti DT , Wiyono A , Noor SM
Published: December 2022

Chronic respiratory disease (CRD) and pullorum disease (PD) are important bacterial infectious diseases in poultry farms caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Salmonella pullorum (SP), respectively. CRD and PD lead to the economic losses of poultry farms. Infected poultry can be the potential carriers to infect the healthy one. Environmental factors such as weather and management system are the predisposition factors that contribute to the CRD and PD case rate. This study aimed to detect antibody against MG and SP for recognizing MG and SP infection in layer, broiler, and native chickens from Suka bumi. The antibody detection was conducted using Rapid Serum Agglutination (RSA) technique to chicken serum samples (each group n =35). The study revealed that the seropositive results of MG and SP, were 34.29% and 2.86% in layers, 17.14% and 37.14% in broilers, 42.86% and 11.43% in native chickens. The findings showed that MG and SP can infect various kind of chickens so routine method to detect MG and SP is required. RSA as an easy, fast, low cost, and sensitive technique was capable to detect MG and SP serologically. RSA can be used to control and anticipate the climate change challenge that affects the flock health status.
Shade sensitivity index of six brown-seeded soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) genotypes based on seed weight
Authors: Kisman  , Yakop Uyek Malik , Dewi Suprayanti Martia
Published: December 2022

This study aims to find out the shade sensitivity indexes of six brown-seeded soybean genotypes based on the yield (seed weight). This study was carried out using the experimental methods with the experimental design of a split plot design. The main plot was the shade stress conditions (S) consisting of S0 = without shade stress and S1 = 65% shade stress (using black shading net house). The sub plot was the brown-seeded soybean genotypes (G) consisting of six lines: G1 = KH7b; G2 = KH7c; G3 = KH7d; G4 = KH9; G5 = KH14; and G6 = KH50b. The results of the study showed that: 1). The KH50b genotype was the most shade suscaptable genotype follewed by KH7d, KH14, and KH9 as indicated by the highest shade sensitivity index (SSI) and tolerance index (TOL). 2). The KH7b genotype was the most shade tolerance genotype followed by KH7c as indicated by the lowest shade sensitivity index (SSI) and tolerance index (TOL). KH7b and KH7c genotypes were the most stable genotypes as indicated by the highst yield stability index (YSI) and yield index (YI). The highest yield (seed weight) under normal (no stress) condition was KH50b genotype and under the shade stress was KH7b genotype.
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) affect Wati Plants (Piper methysticum Forst) growth at seedling stage
Authors: Susanti Diana Sri , Syahputra Raka Nurin Ahmad , Wahida Wahida , Mekiuw Yosehi , Panga Nurhaya J
Published: December 2022

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) is consortium of active bacteria colonize root plants that play important role in improving plants growth. This research aims to figure out effect of PGPR on wati plants (Piper methysticum Forst) seedling growth. This research conducted at the Screen House in Yasa Mulya Village, Tanah Miring District, Merauke, Papua. This study used Group Random Design as experimental design consisted of 5 treatments, repeated 5 times, so there are 25 units of experiment. Data analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Data analysis showed that the dose of PGPR given significantly affect the seedling growth. The best seedling growth at 70 days after planting are found in application of 15 ml PGPR per 600 ml of water (T4), this treatment shows the best results in number of shoots (3.60), length of shoots (7.02 mm), number of leaves (7.00), leaf width (7.78 cm), number of primary root (12.60), length of primary root (9.10 cm), and volume of primary root (3.60 ml).
Food security prospects of rural community in the change and degraded peatland landscape of South Sumatra
Authors: Winarno B , Lestari S , Ramawati  , Syabana T A A
Published: December 2022

There has been a dramatical change in Indonesia’s tropical peatland ecosystem in the last three decades due to various causes and climate change issues. This decreases the function of peatland ecosystem to support ecosystem balance and the rural livelihoods, including influencing the food systems. This paper highlights the prospects of food security in the changed and degraded peatland landscape in South Sumatra. A case field study was conducted in this research, followed by qualitative analysis. Peatland degradation, mainly from peatland conversion, illegal logging, and recurrent fires, lead to the decline of food availability from the peatland, such as, fish, honey bee, vegetable, and fruit. To deal with, several field actions are taken: (1) Local initiative in vegetable and fruit production on degraded peatland; (2) Government initiative in developing rice fields as part of food estate program; (3) Community, non-government organization (NGO) and government collaboration in introducing adaptive and prospective agroforestry. More prospective food security on the peatland can be achieved through the commodity diversification, improvement of the techniques, infrastructures, market access, and capacity of rural community. Harmonizing the policies between peatland management and food estate potentially can improve food security in tropical peatland landscape in Indonesia.
Growth response and yield of some sorghum varieties (Sorghum bicolor L.) intercropped with groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Zubaidi Akhmad , Anugrahwati Dwi Ratna , Supiani Heti
Published: December 2022

Sorghum has the potential to support diversification efforts and food security. Sorghum production needs to be increased through the selection of varieties and appropriate cropping systems. Intercropping system is expected to be able to support government programs in strengthening national food security through increasing land-use efficiency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth and yield of three varieties of sorghum intercropped with peanuts and to determine the varieties of sorghum that gave the highest yield in the intercropping system with groundnuts. This experiment was carried out in Sandik village, Batu Layar, West Lombok from December 2019 to March 2020. The design used was a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD), with the first factor being intercropping sorghum-groundnut and sorghum monocropping, while the second factor was sorghum varieties, namely Numbu, Super 1, and Bioguma. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. The results showed that sorghum intercropped with groundnuts had better growth and yields than sorghum is grown in monocropping. The Numbu variety gave the best yields both in monocropping and intercropping systems, while Super 1 and Bioguma showed a significant increase in yields when grown in intercropping compared to monocropping. Super 1 and Bioguma varieties had a positive response to the intercropping system, with a significant increase in dry matter weight in Super 1 by 52.84% compared to monocropping. Likewise, a significant response was also shown by Numbu variety in the intercropping system, with a 47.66% increase in the dry matter weight of the plant when compared to monocropping.
A Nested-PCR assay for detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in cattle in Sulawesi Island, Indonesia
Authors: Tiffarent R , Ekawasti F , Nasrulloh M F , Imanjati L N , Kurniawati D A , Nugroho H A , Rizal S , Saputra S , Nurcahyo R W
Published: December 2022

Cryptosporidium spp. is a protozoan parasite that cause cryptosporidiosis, a gastroenteric disease in wide range of animals and humans. Cryptosporidiosis affects significant economic loss in livestock production due to poor management practices, leading to faecal contamination. The parasite can be transmitted by ingestion of oocysts which have high survival ability in various type of environment and resistant to water chlorination treatment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. in various faecal samples of cattle (n=24, aged 1-2 years old) obtained from several farms in Sulawesi. Following faecal DNA extraction, we performed a nested-PCR assay using validated-Cryptosporidium 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) primers, resulting a size of amplified DNA approximately 770 bps. A total four samples (16.7%) were regarded as positive for Cryptosporidium spp., including samples obtained from farms in South Sulawesi (n=2), Central Sulawesi (n=1) and Gorontalo (n=1). This result confirms the risk of cryptosporidiosis not only among cattle in Sulawesi but also potential transfer of this parasite to humans especially from contaminated water and food. Therefore, early detection of the spread of oocysts is also crucial for monitoring animal health including cattle as production animals, human health, and environment.
Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Isolated from Cattle in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Ariyanti T , Noor SM , Suhaemi  , Rachmawati F
Published: December 2022

Antimicrobials are commonly used in animal production to prevent disease and promote growth. This practice puts the public’s health at risk by causing commensals living in the intestinal tracts of food animals to inevitably develop antimicrobial resistance. Cattle are common hosts of E. coli O157:H7 but the bacteria do not infect them. Human hemorrhagic colitis (HC) and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) are known to be caused by E. coli O157:H7. Antibiotics are a common therapy and have been chosen to treat HC and HUS. However, it is now known that the E. coli strain is resistant to a wide range of antibiotics. The goal of this study was to determine the resistance pattern of E. coli O157:H7 isolated from cattle in Cianjur, Sukabumi, and Lembang, West Java, Indonesia. A total of 62 isolates of E. coli were tested for susceptibility to 15 types of antibiotics using agar diffusion techniques. Test results showed that E. coli O157:H7 is resistant to Sulphamethoxazole, Cephalotin, Ampicillin, Nalidixic Acid, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid, Streptomycin, Tetracycline, Kanamycin, Trimethoprim, Gentamycin, Norfloxacin, Enrofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, and Amoxicillin. There are differences in multi-drug resistance among the local isolates of E. coli O157:H7 tested, which were resistant to antibiotics of the 1-5 type (79.03%), 6-10 type (4.84%), and 11-15 type (4.84%). In order to control the occurrence of multidrug antibiotic resistance and stop the spread of antibiotic-resistant foodborne pathogens to humans, it is necessary to monitor the use of antibiotics in cattle on farms.
Abundance and diversity of predatory insects in chili plant ecosystems cultivated by IPM
Authors: Thei Ruth Stella , Tarmizi  , Muhammad Sarjan
Published: December 2022

Cayenne pepper is a strategic commodity. The use of chemical insecticides to control pests has a negative impact on the agroecosystem. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an environmentally solution to overcome pest problems. The objectives of this study were to determine the abundance and diversity of predatory insects. Sampling was carried out in August-October 2020 in west Lombok, Indonesia, on chili fields using the IPM technique. Observations were conducted on the generative phase of chili planting and carried out using the Yellow Pan and Pitfall Trap. The population of predatory insects in chili with IPM was 1,707 individuals representing 24 species from 8 families and 5 orders. The order Hymenoptera was the most abundant (63.27%) of the total predatory insects collected, followed by Coleoptera (30.93%), and Diptera (4.63%). The diversity index of predatory species is 1.79 in land planted with chili using IPM techniques. Chili plant using IPM techniques has more abundance and divers of predatory insect species than conventional chili land. This study provides some insight into the community of predatory insects in the generative phase of the chili ecosystem and suggests that an ecological approach is needed for pest management to maintain the balance of the agroecosystem and promote biodiversity.
Feasibility of water-saving technology to improve shallot productivity in dryland of Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Suriadi A. , Mardiana  , Sa’dyah H. , Nazam M.
Published: December 2022

Increasing productivity of shallot using water saving technology in dryland farming system is recently documented in the literature due to efficient use of water irrigation. However, to what extent of profitabiliy and feasibility of water saving technology in dryland farming system of shallot are limited information. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and profitability of water saving technology of shallot farming system in dryand of easten part of Indonesia. Input and output data were obtanied from the experimental research involving three treatments of technology packages tested and laid as Randomized Block Design: (A (Trichoderma, sprinkler irrigation, use of bio-urine); B (same as A but with furrow irrigation); and C (farmer practice), The amount of water used was measured using a water meter. The results showed that package A has achieved the highest shallot yield at 31.6 tons/ha, 14% and 45% higher compared to package B and C, respectively. The total cost of irrigation with package A was less than the other packages, in which there was 15.8% and 30.4% more efficient compared to package B and package C, respectively. The cost of cultivating shallots with water-saving technology was lower than package B and farmer practices. The total profits obtained for package A was IDR 199,475,602 ha-1 which was higher than package B and farmers practices which was IDR 162,420,704 ha-1 and IDR 108,165,556 ha-1, respectively and with B/C ratios for each package A, package B and package C was 2.88; 2.21 and 1.39 respectively. Thus, water saving technology for shallot farming system in dryland have high feasible to be developed.
The choice of land conservation technique and effects on technical efficiency of potato farming in the highland of Bandung Regency, West Java
Authors: Adhi A K , Putri T A , Pambudy R , Katharina R
Published: December 2022

The area of agricultural land is increasingly limited, making land conservation a must. The objective of the study was to determine the factors that influence the choice of land conservation and its effect on the technical efficiency of highland potato farming. This study used data at the farm level which was obtained through a survey by conducting structured interviews with 184 potato farmers in Pangalengan – West Java who were randomly selected. Data analysis employed the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method to eliminate selection bias in the selection of a sample of farmers who applied tillage in the direction of the slope or in the direction of the contour compare with tillage using the bench terrace technique. The comparison of technical efficiency is done by using the frontier production function model. The results showed that the slope of farm land and the ownership status of the land have a positive effect on the selection of bench terrace soil conservation techniques. The level of technical efficiency of potato farming using land management techniques of the slope-wise or contour-wise was not significantly different from the level of technical efficiency of farming using the bench terrace technique. Public policies that can increase the certainty of the status of farmers’ arable land will have a positive effect on the adoption of farming technology that takes into account the principles of land conservation.
Organic-Based Salacca zalacca var. amboinensis Farming Development: An Alternative to Strengthening Farmers’ Economy and Food Security
Authors: Tamba I M , Sumantra I K
Published: December 2022

Salacca zalacca var. amboinensis farming has been positioned as the main source of farmers’ income, which is used to meet various needs, including food. Nowadays, S. zalacca var. amboinensis farming has been carried out organically, although the financial benefits for the farmers are still questionably argued. The aims of the study were to analyze (1) the financial benefits of organic-based S. zalacca var. amboinensis farming, and (2) farmers’ perceptions of the contribution of organic-based S. zalacca var. amboinensis farming to farmers’ economic strengthening and food security. The study was carried out in production centers of S. zalacca var. amboinensis in the province of Bali, and 139 farmers were selected as the respondents of the study. The financial benefits were critically analyzed using a policy analysis matrix approach, and the farmers’ perceptions of the contribution of organic-based S. zalacca var. amboinensis farming to farmers’ economic strengthening and food security were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results showed that the financial benefits of organic-based S. zalacca var. amboinensis farming in various strata of land areas and harvesting season were positively valued. However, farmers’ perceptions of the contribution of farming to their economic strengthening and food security were mostly positively categorized.
The potential of sago processing in supporting farmers’ welfare
Authors: Fachrizal R , Ginting N M , Nurliah  , Rizal A , Panga N
Published: December 2022

This study aims to figure out the contribution of sago processing business to household income. The research was conducted in Tambat Village, Tanah Miring District, Merauke Regency. The location selection was done deliberately. The population in this study was the entire members of Dwitrap sago processing group, consists of 30 people. Sampling was carried out by using a census of 30 sago processors. Data analysis used quantitative and qualitative. The process of processing sago from cutting and cleavage, grafting or grating, squeezing, screening, deposition and packaging. Most of the income earned outside the sago processing business is higher, because once processing it only takes 3 days, and if 2 times a month it only takes 6 working days in sago processing, this is what causes the income outside of sago processing to be greater than processing sago. However, there are still some respondents who have a higher income from processing sago. There are 4 respondents where the largest income earned in the household is from sago processing and the remaining 26 respondents have the largest income obtained from businesses outside of sago processing.
Spatial market integration for food price stabilization during the Covid 19 pandemic in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: A case study of the cayenne pepper
Authors: Zaini A , Anwar  , Sudjatmiko D P , Suparmin
Published: December 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic can affect the movement and prices of agricultural commodities, including red chili peppers as a result of restrictions on community activities or lock-down. This study aims to empirically examine the spatial integration of the four main markets for cayenne pepper in West Nusa Tenggara, namely Mandalika (Mataram City), Aikmel (East Lombok), Seketeng (Sumbawa), and Amahami (Bima City).The analysis was carried out using the Johansen Cointegration Model and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) using weekly time series data. The results of the study concluded that the four markets studied are spatially integrated. The role of the Aikmel market is very dominant for the occurrence of price volatility compared to the other three markets.
Sustaining food security in the Karst Mountains through increasing household income: a case study of Gunungkidul Indonesia
Authors: Antriyandarti E , Barokah U , Rahayu W
Published: December 2022

One of the poverty areas in Indonesia is in Gunungkidul district, an arid area in the karst mountain area. The scarcity of surface water is the main obstacle to economic development activities in the Karst Mountains of Gunungkidul, especially for agriculture and animal husbandry. The vulnerability of nature, agro-climate, and geographical conditions are not suitable for agricultural economic activities. The income of the agricultural community in the karst mountain area is minimal, which causes high poverty. The highly volatile rainfall in the region and extreme climate change can be destructive. Hence, poverty occurs in Gunungkidul, where dry land and Karst Mountains dominate geographical conditions exacerbate this condition. This study investigates the pattern of household expenditure and analyzes the factors that increase household income. This study applied descriptive analysis and income determination function. The results showed that more than half of household expenditure was for food needs. Non-farming activities have a high contribution to household income. Therefore, to increase household income, households must engage in off-farm jobs. The higher the household income, the food security will be sustained.
Analysis of the implementation of regional regulation no 14 of 2019 concerning forest management to drive improvements of forest resources governance in the province of West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Ichsan Andi Chairil , Markum  , Anwar Hairil , B Kornelia Webliana , Waru Tenri , Aji Irwan Mahakam Lesmono , Ardiantari Lale Dini , Andayani Ika , Wulan Geo Ira Three
Published: December 2022

To optimize the role and function of forest management at the site level, the provincial government has issued a regional regulation (PERDA) No. 14 of 2019 concerning forest management, which consists of 18 chapters and 64 articles. This regional regulation (PERDA) is expected to be a guide, basis, and conceptual framework in every decision making in the forestry sector in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB). Thus, the presence of PERDA No. 14 of 2019 has a high urgency in determining the direction of forestry development in NTB, hence requiring a comprehensive process to oversee its implementation. This study aims to analyze more deeply related to the effectiveness and strategy of implementing PERDA No. 14 of 2019, where the results can be used as a reference for the government in optimizing forestry development policies and programs in NTB. This study uses a policy valuation approach with a retrospective (ex-post) scope of analysis, namely the analysis process carried out after the policy action is carried out. The criteria used to analyze the implementation of the PERDA No. 14 of 2019 focus on six main criteria, including policy effectiveness, efficiency in policy implementation, adequacy of needs, alignment in policy implementation, responsiveness, and the accuracy of the policies implemented.
Strategy to increase farmers’ productivity cocoa using structural equation modeling
Authors: Managanta A A , Sumardjo  , Sadono D , Tjitropranoto P
Published: December 2022

Cocoa is the main commodity and addition to foreign exchange for the country, especially Indonesia. Cocoa farming carried out by farmers still prioritizes experience passed down from generation to generation in the family and the result of interactions with other farmers in their community. The problem of cocoa farmers in Central Sulawesi Province requires the development of farmer resources. The problem in the cocoa business in Central Sulawesi Province is the low capacity of farmers in terms of knowledge, attitudes, skills, and capital resulting in low income and welfare for cocoa farmers. This research relates to the farmer’s interdependence strategy in increasing cocoa farming productivity. This study uses a survey design to explain the condition of cocoa farmers in Central Sulawesi Province. The research sample was set at 380 by fulfilling the statistical test rules using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), using ten times 38 the number of indicators (observed variables) in the research model. The formulation of strategies to increase interdependence is as follows a strategy to increase farmer interdependence through increasing farmer capacity and a strategy to increase farmer interdependence through institutional support.
Study of household welfare level of crab fishermen using Fisherman Exchange Rate (FER) indicators in East Lombok
Authors: Husni Syarif , Yusuf M. , Nursan Muhammad , Fr Aeko Fria Utama
Published: December 2022

The aims of this study were: 1) to analyze the household income of crab fishermen, 2) to analyze the household expenditures of crab fishermen, 3) to analyze the welfare level of crab fishermen based on the fisherman’s exchange rate indicator (FER), and 4) to analyze the socio-economic factors that affect the welfare of fishermen’s households. Crabs based on FER indicators in East Lombok Regency. This research uses a descriptive method. In addition to interviews with respondents, the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method was also conducted. Respondents in this study were small fishermen. The number of respondents was determined to be as many as 30 people by Simple Random Sampling. Analysis of the data used is a descriptive analysis based on tabulation, and after processing, it is then presented in tabular form, analysis of cost and income analysis, and analysis of income and expenses as well as multiple Linear Regression analysis. The results showed: 1) The household income of crab fishermen is IDR 27,046,415 per year, which comes from income from crab catching IDR 19,492,091, fishing for IDR 4,138,324, income as laborers IDR 1,116,000, other sources IDR 2,300,000, 2) The household expenditure of crab fishermen is IDR 15,098,533 per year, which includes food expenditure of IDR 6,922,800 and non-food expenditure of IDR 8,175,733, 3) The Fisherman’s Exchange Rate (FER) for crab fishermen is 1.86. in the indicators of prosperity, and 4) The factors that significantly affect the welfare level of small crab fishermen are household income and expenditure, while the level of education, experience and number of family dependent are not significantly different.