bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social and Political Foundations of Constitutionalism in the Middle East: The First Constitutional Movements in Tunisia, Ottoman Turkey, Egypt, and Iran
Authors: KARAKUŞ Muhammed , KOÇ Mehmet Akif
Published: May 2022

Although constitutionalism movements have their roots in the efforts to limit the power of European monarchies beginning with Magna Carta, constitutionalism in the modern sense is the product of the global political and social conditions created by the French Revolution of 1789. In the 19th century, when empires struggled for power in Europe and global economic crises shook the world, constitutionalism appeared as a solution to these crises. In this context, in addition to global constitutional revolutions such as in Japan, Russia, Mexico, and China, the “Eastern” and Muslim societies of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) also struggled for their constitutional movements. Although they could not satisfy the expectations as a result of domestic and regional circumstances, the first constitutional movements in Tunisia (1861), Ottoman Turkey (1876), Egypt (1881), and Iran (1905) provided road maps for the modern nation-states of the following years. This study examines these constitutionalism movements in order to understand their social, political, and economic dynamics and organizational mechanisms, as well as their impact on today’s Middle Eastern politics.
The nature and functions of tragedy-farce in a real show (based on the material of the Ukrainian projects “I am changing my wife” and “Hello, I am your mother!”)
Authors: Shestakova Eleonora G.
Published: May 2022

The article substantiates the features of the nature and functions of the comical, laughter, farce, and tragedy-farce in Ukrainian’s reality shows “I am changing my wife” and “Hello, I am your mother!” These projects touch upon basic social and everyday problems of the modern family and purport to foster a responsible attitude to family values and the personality of each member. Such tasks involve the stirring up the classical worldview and appeal to its fundamental values. Their circle includes the comical and laughter as public gestures. For this, reality shows use the capabilities of situational models and scenarios. However, the special nature of these projects initially does not allow us to talk only about traditional types and forms of the comical, laughter, and farce as funds for to realize their main goals and objectives. Reality shows, by virtue of their nature, come to tragedy-farce as the leading principle for the realization of goals and objectives. The nature of tragedy-farce in these projects shows the unity of the comical, amusing, kind, humorous, absurd, and scary, vicious, frightening, miserable, dramatic, and destructive, which simultaneously coexist in the life of a person and family. In these reality shows, tragedy-farce is formed by combining heterogeneous realities into one unpredictable and provocative whole: mass media and real life. This not only complicates its nature in relation to theatrical literary and mass media realness, but also leads to a dangerous line beyond which there is no longer a difference between media text and real life, and when they are equally responsible for all the events that happen in the family and with each her member. In this regard, tragedyfarce turns as a strange discourse and threat of the destruction of the surface of meaning.
Impacto do processo formativo na trajetória laboral de jovens mestrandos(as)
Authors: Tibola Naiara Gracia , Raitz Tânia Regina , Vanzuita Alexandre
Published: May 2022

A presente pesquisa objetivou analisar o impacto da formação continuada na trajetória laboral de jovens estudantes do Mestrado em Educação, de uma universidade comunitária no sul do Brasil, e as necessidades de orientação educativa. A metodologia foi de abordagem qualitativa e a coleta dos dados ocorreu por meio de questionário semiestruturado e entrevista individual. A técnica de análise foi sistematizada pela análise de conteúdo. As expectativas reforçam o desejo desses estudantes em investir na qualificação profissional, pois o projeto é alcançar um doutorado e a maioria quer prosseguir os estudos para futuramente se inserir como docente no ensino superior. A maior dificuldade anunciada pelos(as) mestrandos(as) foi a possibilidade de conciliar educação e trabalho, o que, às vezes, leva a pensar em abandonar o curso.
Desempenho ortográfico de escolares com dislexia e dificuldades de aprendizagem
Authors: Chiaramonte Thaís Contiero , Capellini Simone Aparecida
Published: May 2022

É descrito na literatura que escolares com dificuldades e transtornos específicos de aprendizagem podem apresentar dificuldades na apropriação ortográfica do sistema de escrita do português brasileiro, porém pouco é discutido sobre quais os erros mais cometidos por estas populações. Desta forma, este estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar e comparar o desempenho ortográfico dos escolares com Dislexia, Dificuldades de Aprendizagem e bom desempenho acadêmico. Participaram 75 escolares, de 9 a 11 anos de idade, divididos em 3 grupos e pareados por diagnóstico e ano escolar. Foi realizada a avaliação da ortografia por meio de ditado de palavras e pseudopalavras a partir da semiologia dos erros. Os resultados foram comparados estatisticamente pelo Teste de Kruskal-Wallis ajustado pela Correção de Bonferroni, onde foi possível observar que os perfis ortográficos de escolares com dislexia e dificuldades de aprendizagem se assemelham, enquanto o perfil de escolares com bom desempenho acadêmico difere dos demais grupos, concluindo, também, que a prova de Ditado de Pseudopalavras é a melhor para diferenciar escolares com Dislexia dos escolares com dificuldades de aprendizagem e bom desempenho acadêmico.
An Updated Account on Formulations and Strategies for the Treatment of Burn Infection – A Review
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Mahmood Syed , Mandal Uttam Kumar
Published: May 2022

Background:

Burn injury is considered one of the critical injuries of the skin. According to WHO (World Health Organization), approximately 3,00,000 deaths are caused each year mainly due to fire burns, with additional deaths attributed to heat and other causes of burn e.g., electric devices, chemical materials, radioactive rays, etc. More than 95% of burn injuries occur in developing countries.

Introduction:

Burn injuries have been a prominent topic of discussion in this present era of advancements. Burns is one of the common and devastating forms of trauma. Burn injuries are involved in causing severe damage to skin tissues and various other body parts triggered particularly by fire, blaze, or exposure to chemicals and heated substances. They leave a long-lasting negative impact on the patients in terms of their physical and mental health.

Method:

The various methods and bioactive hydrogels, a viable and widely utilised approach for treating chronic wounds, remain a bottleneck. Many traditional approaches such as woven material, conventional antimicrobial agents, hydrogel sheets, and creams are utilised in wound healing. Nowadays, lipid-based nanoparticles, nanofibres systems, and foam-based formulations heal the wound.

Result:

The prepared formulation showed wound healing activity when tested on rat model. The nanofibres containing SSD help in the burn-wound healing study on Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The healing effect on rats was examined by western blot analysis, digital camera observation, and histological analyses.

Conclusion:

Burn is also considered the most grievous form of trauma. Nowadays, several large and foambased formulations are used in wound healing, which heals the wound better than previously existing formulations and is less prone to secondary infection. Recently, nanofiber delivery systems have piqued the interest of academics as well as researchers because of its unique advantages and features, which include an extraordinarily high surface to volume ratio, a highly porous structure, and tiny pore size.
Immunopathogenesis and Immunogenetic Variants in COVID-19
Authors: Sagulkoo Pakorn , Plaimas Kitiporn , Suratanee Apichat , Colado Simão Andrea Name , Vissoci Reiche Edna Maria , Maes Michael
Published: May 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread globally despite the discovery of vaccines.
Many people die due to COVID-19 as a result of catastrophic consequences, such as acute respiratory
distress syndrome, pulmonary embolism, and disseminated intravascular coagulation caused by a cytokine
storm. Immunopathology and immunogenetic research may assist in diagnosing, predicting, and treating severe
COVID-19 and the cytokine storm associated with COVID-19. This paper reviews the immunopathogenesis
and immunogenetic variants that play a role in COVID-19. Although various immune-related genetic variants
have been investigated in relation to severe COVID-19, the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and interleukin
18 (IL-18) have not been assessed for their potential significance in the clinical outcome. Here, we a) summarize
the current understanding of the immunogenetic etiology and pathophysiology of COVID-19 and the
associated cytokine storm; and b) construct and analyze protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks (using enrichment
and annotation analysis) based on the NLRP3 and IL18 variants and all genes, which were established
in severe COVID-19. Our PPI network and enrichment analyses predict a) useful drug targets to prevent the onset
of severe COVID-19, including key antiviral pathways such as Toll-Like-Receptor cascades, NOD-like receptor
signaling, RIG-induction of interferon (IFN) α/β, and interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, and tumor
necrosis factor signaling; and b) SARS-CoV-2 innate immune evasion and the participation of MYD88 and
MAVS in the pathophysiology of severe COVID-19. The PPI network genetic variants may be used to predict
more severe COVID-19 outcomes, thereby opening the door for targeted preventive treatments.
Dephosphorylation Targeting Chimaera (DEPTAC): Targeting Tau Proteins
in Tauopathies
Authors: Soumbasis Andrea , Eldeeb Mohamed A. , Ragheb Mohamed A. , Zorca Cornelia E.
Published: May 2022

One salient hallmark of neurodegeneration is the accumulation of toxic protein aggregates in
neuronal cells. This proteotoxicity culminates in the deterioration of neuronal function. In AD and related
tauopathies, the microtubule-associated protein tau becomes hyperphosphorylated. Hyperphosphorylated
tau forms neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) within neurons, which constitute a unique feature
of tauopathies, including AD. A recent study has exploited a novel molecular strategy to counteract
hyperphosphorylated tau and enhance its degradation. Analogous to the PROTAC methodology, a
novel dephosphorylation targeting chimera (DEPTAC) was designed to promote the molecular interaction
between tau and phosphatase, which, in turn, augments its degradation. Herein, we briefly discuss
this novel finding and its potential therapeutic implications.
Pyridoxal Kinase of Disease-causing Human Parasites: Structural and
Functional Insights to Understand its Role in Drug Discovery
Authors: Qureshi Insaf Ahmed , Saini Mayank , Are Sayanna
Published: May 2022

Human parasites cause several diseased conditions with high morbidity and mortality in a
large section of the population residing in various geographical areas. Nearly three billion people suffer
from either one or many parasitic infections globally, with almost one million deaths annually. In spite
of extensive research and advancement in the medical field, no effective vaccine is available against
prominent human parasitic diseases that necessitate identification of novel targets for designing specific
inhibitors. Vitamin B6 is an important ubiquitous co-enzyme that participates in several biological processes
and plays an important role in scavenging ROS (reactive oxygen species) along with providing
resistance to oxidative stress. Moreover, the absence of the de novo vitamin B6 biosynthetic pathway in
human parasites makes this pathway indispensable for the survival of these pathogens. Pyridoxal kinase
(PdxK) is a crucial enzyme for vitamin B6 salvage pathway and participates in the process of vitamers
B6 phosphorylation. Since the parasites are dependent on pyridoxal kinase for their survival and infectivity
to the respective hosts, it is considered a promising candidate for drug discovery. The detailed
structural analysis of PdxK from disease-causing parasites has provided insights into the catalytic
mechanism of this enzyme as well as significant differences from their human counterpart. Simultaneously,
structure-based studies have identified small lead molecules that can be exploited for drug discovery
against protozoan parasites. The present review provides structural and functional highlights of
pyridoxal kinase for its implication in developing novel and potent therapeutics to combat fatal parasitic
diseases.
Biological Functions and Applications of Antimicrobial Peptides
Authors: Jin Libo , Dong Hao , Sun Da , Wang Lei , Qu Linkai , Lin Sue , Yang Qinsi , Zhang Xingxing
Published: May 2022

Despite antimicrobial resistance, which is attributed to the misuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics,
antibiotics can indiscriminately kill pathogenic and beneficial microorganisms. These events
disrupt the delicate microbial balance in both humans and animals, leading to secondary infections
and other negative effects. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are functional natural biopolymers in
plants and animals. Due to their excellent antimicrobial activities and absence of microbial resistance,
AMPs have attracted enormous research attention. We reviewed the antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral,
antiparasitic, as well as antitumor properties of AMPs and research progress on AMPs. In addition,
we highlighted various recommendations and potential research areas for their progress and
challenges in practical applications.
Sulfonium Lipids: Synthesis and Evaluation as DNA Delivery Vectors
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Lei , Lu Yanjie , Lin Yue , Yang Kun , Zhou Xiaodong , Shen Guinan
Published: May 2022

Background:

Cationic lipids can be used as nonviral vectors in gene delivery therapy. Most
cationic lipids contain quaternary ammonium that can bind to negative phosphates of the plasmid. In
this study, sulfonium—a trialkylated sulfur cation was adopted in the synthesis of a series of cationic
lipids which were evaluated for their ability to function as gene delivery vectors.

Methods:

The sulfonium lipids were synthesized by condensing cyclic thioether and aliphatic carbon
chains with ethoxy linkage and the structure was characterized by NMR and mass. The DNA condensing
abilities of sulfonium lipids were evaluated using a gel retardation experiment. Sulfonium lipids/
DNA condensates were measured for particle size and Zeta potential. The cytotoxicity of sulfoniums
was evaluated with the MTT assay. The intracellular uptake of sulfonium lipid/DNA complexes
was observed with a fluorescence microscope.

Results:

The results showed that the sulfonium head can effectively bind to the phosphate of DNA.
When the S/P ratio is larger than 10/1, sulfonium lipids with longer carbon chains can completely condense
DNA to form a nanoparticle with particle size ranging from 135 nm to 155 nm and zeta potential
ranging from 28 mV to 42 mV. The IC50 of sulfonium lipids on HepG2 cells ranged from 2.37 μg/mL to
3.67 μg/mL. Cellular uptake experiments showed that sulfonium lipids/DNA condensate can be taken
into cells.

Conclusion:

Sulfonium lipids can effectively condense DNA and transfer DNA into cells. The sulfonium
compound is worth further development to reduce the cytotoxicity and increase the transfection
rate as gene vectors.
Effects on Sleep Bruxism Activity of Three Different Oral Appliances: One
Year Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Bargellini Andrea , Castroflorio Tommaso , Graziano Vanessa , Cugliari Giovanni , Deregibus Andrea
Published: May 2022

Background:

Different oral appliances (OAs) have been proposed to control sleep bruxism
(SB) detrimental effects on the stomatognathic system.

Objective:

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different OAs on SB activity and masticatory
muscle activity (sMMA) measured by EMG.

Methods:

This longitudinal cohort study was conducted on 51 patients (21 M, 30 F, mean age 26,5 ±
3,5) suffering from SB diagnosed with a validated portable EMG-ECG holter and wearing different
OAs: occlusal splints, functional appliance with metallic bites and clear aligners followed after 1 week,
1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months from delivery. A control group of 16 non-treated SB patients
(6 M, 10 F mean age 27,1 ± 1,4) was used as a reference. A multiple regression analysis was performed
to estimate the differences between groups. The level of significance was set as P value <0,05.

Results:

Occlusal splint reduced sleep bruxism index after 1 week, 3, 6 and 12 months from delivery
while functional appliance only after 12 months. Occlusal splints reduced general phasic contractions
only in the first week and sleep bruxism-related phasic contractions at 1 week, 3 and 6 months after
delivery with no significant reductions after 12 months. Patients wearing clear aligners showed a reduction
in general tonic contractions after 6 and 12 months.

Conclusion:

Resin and metal bites can reduce sleep bruxism index, while resin bites can reduce sleep
bruxism-related phasic contractions. Clear aligners do not influence sleep bruxism index but can reduce
tonic contractions.
Exploring the Role of Self-Nanoemulsifying Systems in Drug Delivery:
Challenges, Issues, Applications and Recent Advances
Authors: Verma Ravinder , Mittal Vineet , Pandey Parijat , Bhatia Saurabh , Bhatia Meenakshi , Karavasili Christina , Behl Tapan , Al-Harrasi Ahmed , Tagde Priti , Kumar Manish , Kaushik Deepak
Published: May 2022

Nanotechnology has attracted researchers around the globe owing to the small size and targeting
properties of the drug delivery vectors. The interest in self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems
(SNEDDS) has shown an exponential increase from the formulator's point of view. SNEDDS have
shown wide applicability in terms of controlled and targeted delivery of various types of drugs. They
chemically consist of oil, surfactants and co-surfactants that decrease the emulsion particle size to the
range of <100 nm. However, stability issues such as drug precipitation during storage, incompatibility
of ingredients in shell, decrease their application for the long run and these issues have been highlighted
in this paper. The current review throws limelight on the biological aspects and process parameters. In
addition, the process of absorption from GI is also discussed in detail. SNEDDS have been utilized as a
treatment option for various diseases like cancer, diabetes, and ocular and pulmonary diseases. Along
with this, the authors highlight the advances involving in vivo and in vitro lipolysis studies on
SNEDDS, also highlighting recent innovations in this field, such as novel combinations of drug-free
solid SNEDDS + solid dispersions, lipid-modified chitosan containing mucoadhesive SNEDDS, pHsensitive
SNEDDS and several others.
A Convergent Approach for Protected (+)-Paecilomycin F
Authors: Pabbaraja Srihari , Gurram Ravi
Published: May 2022

Background:

A stereoselective synthetic strategy toward (+)-paecilomycin F is reported.
The approach utilizes readily available commercial 2,4,6-trihydroxy benzoic acid and easily accessible
chiral R(+)-propylene oxide as starting materials.

Methods:

The synthesis involves regioselective Grignard reaction, Wittig reaction, Sharpless asymmetric
dihydroxylation, Barbier-type allylation, Stille-coupling and ring-closing metathesis as key reactions.

Results:

The target molecule is produced in a 7-step linear sequence with an overall yield of 20% starting
from 2,4,6-trihydroxy benzoic acid or a 12-step sequence with an overall yield of 12.95% starting
from R(+)-propylene oxide.

Conclusion:

The aromatic fragment synthesis was achieved using earlier known protocols starting
from 2,4,6-trihydroxy benzoic acid (vide infra).
Synthesis of Novel Substituted Thiazolo Azapurines and Pyrimido Thiazolo
Azapurines and Evaluation of their Biological Activities
Authors: Annareddygari Srikanth , Kasireddy Venkateshwerreddy , Reddy Jayachandra , Shagum Shashidharreddy , Vantikommu Jyothi
Published: May 2022

Background:

Nitrogen-rich heterocycles have occupied a special place in medicinal chemistry
due to their exceptional biological activities. In that, thiazolo azapurines and pyrimido thiazolo azapurines
are compounds of interest with their medicinal properties.

Objective:

The objective is to synthesize novel substituted thiazolo azapurines and pyrimido thiazolo
azapurines and evaluate their biological activities.

Methods:

Herein, we have demonstrated the efficient synthesis of thiazole fused triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-
7-ones starting from the easily accessible feedstock chemical cyano acetamide. The reaction proceeds
under mild reaction conditions with diversified substrate scope.

Results:

Notably, the obtained compounds are further derivatized under various sets of conditions to give
the corresponding nitrogen-rich tetracyclic core. All synthesized compounds were tested against four
pathogenic microorganisms and some of the compounds were found potent with good inhibition.

Conclusion:

We have synthesized a diversely substituted nitrogen-rich thiazolo azapurines and pyrimido
thiazolo azapurines and evaluated them for their anti-bacterial activity. All synthesized compounds were
tested against four pathogenic microorganisms, and some of the compounds were found to be potent with
good inhibition.
Propranolol as a Model Drug to Treat Smoking Cessation and its Formulation
as a Transdermal Patch for Effective Management
Authors: Mohapatra Prasanta Kumar , Srivastava Rajnish , Varshney Krishna Kumar , Bhavani Sarvasudhi Durga
Published: May 2022

Background:

Smoking causes cancer, heart attacks, and stroke and leads to asthma and breathing
problems. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is considered one of the most widely accepted methods
to quit smoking. However, it can lead to relapsed physical and psychological dependence.

Aim:

The present study aimed to explore propranolol, as a model drug to treat relapsed physical and psychological
dependence due to NRT in smoking cessation. Furthermore, for its effective management, the
transdermal drug delivery system has opted for the effective and long-term release of propranolol.

Objective:

The objective of the present study was to investigate and establish the molecular associations
between propranolol with different targets associated with smoking cessation.

Material and Methods:

The molecular association of propranolol with eight different potential targets,
namely, Acetylcholine Binding Protein (AChBP), Cannabinoid Receptor, CB1 and CB2, Monoamine
oxidase (MAO), human dopamine D3 receptor, kainite, Leu- biogenic amine transporters (BAT) and α-
type peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, was studied via molecular simulation models. Polymeric
films containing propranolol HCI were prepared and evaluated to select a suitable formulation for
developing transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS). Films containing different ratios of HPMC K4M,
HPMC 15M, and Sodium CMC were prepared by the solvent evaporation technique using PEG 4000
incorporated as a plasticizer, and SLS was used to act as a penetration enhancer. Manufactured transdermal
films were physically evaluated for thickness, weight uniformity %, moisture content %, moisture
uptake %, drug content % and folding endurance.

Results:

Results indicated that propranolol can interact with all eight receptors at the active binding site.
It was found to show considerable interaction with Acetylcholine Binding Protein (AChBP), MAO, human
dopamine D3 receptor, kainite, and Leu- biogenic amine transporters (BAT) with the binding energy
of -6.27, -6.74, -7.07, -6.84, and -6.63 kcal/mol, respectively. The release rate of propranolol HCI
decreased linearly with increasing polymer concentration in the film and depended on the film thickness.
In contrast, the quantity of drug release was proportional to the square root of time. Kinetic data based on
the release exponent, ‘n’ in the Peppas model showed that n values were between 0.95 and 1.08,
indicating that drug release from polymer matrix was predominantly by diffusion with swelling.

Conclusion:

Transdermal drug delivery of propranolol could act as a potential regulator of all studied
targets associated with physical and psychological dependence associated with NRT and smoking cessation.
Furthermore, propranolol-loaded transdermal patches with optimized release could be utilized to
deliver the drug with optimum bioavailability for a considerable time.
Herbal Medicine-derived Compounds for the Prevention and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Farzaneh Maryam , Farzaneh Zahra
Published: May 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second malignancy worldwide. Dysregulation of various signaling pathways has been detected in HCC. Recent investigations have suggested a new approach for the prevention and treatment of HCC with herbal drugs. The anticancer effects of herbal drugs can be evaluated in animal models or HCC cell lines. Various molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways such as TGF-β, Wnt/β-catenin, SHH, Notch, Hippo, PI3K, and VEGF have been found to induce and promote carcinogenesis of HCC. Herbal drugs can target the signaling pathways in HCC and trigger apoptosis, suppress proliferation, and tumor growth. Molecularly targeted therapies using herbal drugs can be novel therapeutic strategies against HCC. This study provides the latest findings on using herbal medicine-derived compounds in the control of HCC.
Absence of Association Between Serum Mutant p53 with HbA1c and
Insulin in Brain Tumor Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sauriasari Rani , Syarif Hardiyanti , Takhwifa Famila , Aninditha Tiara
Published: May 2022

Aim:

This study aims to determine the prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
in primary Brain Tumor (BT) subjects and assess the relationship between serum mutant p53 serum
and HbA1c and insulin.

Background:

T2DM is known to increase the risk of various types of cancer, which are thought to
be caused by hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and inflammation. A cohort study that looked at
more than 500,000 subjects with DM over 11 years showed an increased risk of different types of
cancer, including brain tumors. However, several recent studies have shown the opposite. One of
the important pathways in the pathogenesis of brain tumors is the p53 pathway, in which mutations
in the TP53 gene can cause brain cell growth abnormalities.

Objective:

The first stage involved taking subject data for the period January 2017-November 2020
from the medical records of the RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Indonesia to assess the
prevalence of T2DM in BT subjects. The second stage was an observational study with a crosssectional
design that collected primary data on subjects (n=86) to assess the relationship between
serum mutant p53 serum and HbA1c and insulin.

Methods:

The analysis of serum mutant p53 serum and insulin was made using the ELISA method,
while measurement of HbA1c was made using the boronate affinity method.

Results:

The results show the prevalence of T2DM in BT subjects at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo
Hospital Indonesia was relatively low (9%). Serum mutant p53 levels in T2DM (1.53 ng/mL ± 0.60)
were significantly higher than in BT+T2DM and BT (P < 0.001). The HbA1c value was significantly
lower in BT (5.15% ± 0.44) compared to BT+T2DM and T2DM (P < 0.001), while T2DM insulin
levels (39.54 IU/mL ± 19.1) were significantly higher than BT+T2DM and BT (P < 0.001). There
was no correlation between serum mutant p53 levels and HbA1c and insulin in the three groups.

Conclusion:

The study concludes that the prevalence of BT with T2DM is relatively low (9%) and
that serum levels of mutant p53 in T2DM subjects are higher than in subjects with BT, but there is
no correlation between serum mutant p53 levels and HbA1c and insulin values. Further research
needs to be conducted by analyzing p53 mutants from other specimens, such as brain tumor tissue.
In silico Approach and Molecular Docking Studies of Potent Bioactive Compounds
of Carica papaya as Anti-breast Cancer Agents
Authors: Mirunalini Sankaran , Maruthanila V.L. , Elancheran Ramakrishnan
Published: May 2022

Background:

Breast cancer is one of the greatest global dilemmas, and the current treatment
option is to target hormone receptors with partial agonists/antagonists. Estrogen and aromatase enzymes
play important roles in breast cancer. Excessive estrogen activity or inadequate estrogen production leads
to various hormonal issues, including breast cancer. Potent breast cancer drugs are Tamoxifen, Paclitaxel,
Cyclophosphamide, Trastuzumab, etc., and aromatase inhibitors, include Anastrozole, Letrozole, and Exemestane,
etc. In general, breast cancer drugs cause numerous adverse effects in humans.

Objectives:

This study has attempted to identify alternative drug candidates from Carica papaya for treating
breast cancer with fewer side effects.

Methods:

To achieve this, we have utilized computational methods to predict the characteristics of bioactive
compounds from Carica papaya and determine the target binding affinities using the Schrödinger suite
(Maestro 9.5). The target protein and ligands were obtained from the well-known database. Carica papaya
has 35 identified bioactive compounds that were drawn using ChemDraw software and performed Ligand
preparation wizard. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) analysis is performed
with QikProp.

Results:

From the docking studies, the phytocompounds such as Chlorogenic acid, Myricetin, Quercetin,
Isorhamnetin, and Catechin showed the highest Glide scores (G Score). Among the five bioactive phytocompounds,
Chlorogenic acid has a higher G Score with good binding energy than Tamoxifen, Anastrozole,
and Letrozole standards. The pharmacokinetic properties and drug-likeness of phytocompounds were
determined using ADME profiling.

Conclusion:

Carica papaya phytocompounds serve as an antiestrogen or aromatase inhibitor that regulates
estrogen levels to reduce the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. As a result, we recommend
that these top five bioactive phytocompounds be investigated further in in vitro and in vivo studies.
Decoding Seven Basic Odors by Investigating Pharmacophores and Molecular
Features of Odorants
Authors: Sharma Anju , Kumar Rajnish , Varadwaj Pritish Kumar
Published: May 2022

Background:

The odors we perceive are primarily the result of a mixture of odorants. There
can be one or multiple odors associated with an odorant. Several studies have attempted to link odorant
physicochemical properties to specific olfactory perception; however, no universal rule that can determine
how and to what extent molecular properties affect odor perception exists.

Objective:

This study aims to identify important and common features of odorants with seven basic
odors (floral, fruity, minty, nutty, pungent, sweet, woody) to comprehend the complex topic of odors
better.

Methods:

We adopted an in-silico approach to study key and common odorants features with seven
fundamental odors (floral, fruity, minty, nutty, pungent, sweet, and woody). A dataset of 1136 odorants
having one of the odors was built and studied.

Results:

A set of nineteen structural features has been proposed to identify seven fundamental odors
rapidly. The findings also indicated associations between odors, and specific molecular features
associated with each group of odorants and shared spatial distribution of odor features.

Conclusion:

This study revealed olfactory associations, unique chemical properties linked with each set
of odorants, and a common spatial distribution of odor features for considered odors.
The Cytochrome P450 2C19 Polymorphism Associated with Major Adverse
Cardiovascular Events Risk in Kazak Patients Undergoing Percutaneous
Coronary Intervention and Receiving Clopidogrel
Authors: Li Hongjian , Yu Luhai , Wang Tingting , Feng Jie , Zhou Liying , Zhao Ting , Zhang Huilan , Shen Hao , Xu Li , Sun Li , Wu Jianhua
Published: May 2022

Background:

Clopidogrel activity is influenced by cytochrome P450 (CYP450). CYP2C19 polymorphisms vary by ethnicity and region.

Objectives:

To assess the effect of genetic polymorphisms in CYP2C19*2 and *3 and with clinical and demographic factors on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in Kazak patients following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods:

We enrolled 397 patients with PCI treated with clopidogrel and aspirin for at least 12 months and recorded outcomes within 1 year. Approximately 2 mL of peripheral venous blood samples were used for genotype detection. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with MACE.

Results:

There were 95 patients (23.9%) who suffered MACE during the period. Logistic regression analysis revealed that CYP2C19*2 carriers (odds ratio [OR]: 2.431, 95% [confidence interval] CI: 1.136–5.275, P = 0.027) and poor metabolizers (OR: 2.128, 95% CI: 0.899–4.82, P = 0.043) were significantly associated with MACE.

Conclusion:

The CYP2C19*2 allele variants and poor metabolizers are associated with MACE in a clopidogrel-treated Kazak population with acute coronary syndrome following PCI.
Effectiveness of Osteopathic Treatment Versus Modified Cervical Exercise Therapy in Patients with Text Neck Syndrome
Authors: Miraj Mohammad
Published: May 2022

Text neck syndrome is a stress/overuse injury in the neck caused by leaning forward for extended periods of time, such as when reading and texting on a cellphone, and has been linked to stress injuries. The primary cause of the disorder is the weight of the head which while bending it forward or looking down at a 45 to 60 degree angle during texting produces around 50 to 60 pounds of stress on the neck, increasing pressure over time and causing damage. While the majority of treatment is mostly based on. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment between osteopathic intervention and modified cervical exercise therapy program among text neck syndrome patients. In total, seventy two patients were selected based on inclusion/exclusion criteria out of which 6 dropped out. In the end, 66 patients were randomly were allocated into two groups namely, the osteopathic treatment group(n=33) and modified cervical exercise group(n=33). The treatment program was followed for 3 weeks and the patients were evaluated for Numeric Pain Rating Scale(NPRS), Neck disability index(NDI) , Cervical range of motion as well as cranio-vertebral angle to measure the treatment effectiveness. Paired t-test showed significant differences in both groups between variables mean scores from the baseline readings after three weeks of intervention. Statistical significant differences were observed in the mean scores for all the outcome measures including NPRS, Cervical ROM, Craniovertebral angle and NDI. The result of the study suggests that Osteopathic treatment technique along with modified cervical exercise therapy is more effective than modified cervical exercise alone in treating text neck syndrome patients(p<0.05).
Physical Exercise Program on Fall Prevention Using Technological Interface: Pretest Study
Authors: Nogueira Mª Nilza , Silva Joana , Nogueira Isabel , Pacheco Maria Neto , Lopes Joana , Araújo Fátima
Published: May 2022

Background

Prevention of falls among older adults has boosted the development of technological solutions, requiring testing in clinical contexts and robust studies that need prior validation of procedures and data collection tools.

Objective

The objectives of our study were to test the data collection procedure, train the team, and test the usability of the FallSensing Games app by older adults in a community setting.

Methods

This study was conducted as a pretest of a future pilot study. Older adults were recruited in a day care center, and several tests were applied. Physical exercise sessions were held using the interactive FallSensing Games app. Nurse training strategies was completed.

Results

A total of 11 older adults participated. The mean age was 75.08 (SD 3.80) years, mostly female (10/11, 91%) and with low (3-6 years) schooling (10/11, 91%). Clinically, the results show a group of older adults with comorbidities. Cognitive evaluation of the participants through the Mini Mental State Examination showed results with an average score of 25.64 (SD 3.5). Functional capacity assessed using the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (overall score from 0-23, with lower scores reflecting worse capacity to perform activities) showed impairment in different instrumental activities of daily living (average score 14.27). The data collection tool proved to enable easy interpretation; however, its structure needed small adjustments to facilitate the data collection process. Despite the length of the questionnaire, its implementation took an average of 21 minutes. For the assessment of the prevalence of fear of falling, the need to add a question was identified. The performance of functional tests under the guidance and presence of rehabilitation nurses ensured the safety of the participants. The interactive games were well accepted by the participants, and the physical exercises allowed data collection on the functionality of the older adults, such as the number of repetitions in the tests, range of movement (angle), duration of the movements, and execution of each cycle. Concerning the training of the nurses, it was crucial that they had experience with the platform, specifically the position of the chair facing the platform, the position of the feet, the posture of participants, and the use of sensors.

Conclusions

In the future pilot study, the researchers point out the need to design a study with mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative), thus enriching the study results.
Shear Strength and Durability Behaviors of Compacted Weathered Clay Shale Mixture Using Portland Cement
Authors: Simatupang Pintor Tua , Idrus M. Alatas  , Ayu K. Redyananda  , Eko A. Purnomo
Published: May 2022

The use of weathered clay shale often has the potential to cause geotechnical problems as an embankment material, especially slope failures. In order for weathered clay shale to be used as embankment material, the weathered clay shale must be mixed with other materials. An example of a widely used mix is a mix with a Portland cement (PC). In general, this mixture will increase the shear strength of the embankment material. In addition to shear strength, it is very important to investigate whether the material mixture is susceptible to durability. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the shear strength and durability behaviors of weathered clay shale mixture, using PC. The percentage of this cement was varied and did not exceed 20%, with the mixing material also compacted based on Proctor Standard procedure. This test included the determination of shear strength and durability index at the smaller and larger (dry and wet sides) than optimum moisture content (OMC). Shear strength and durability index were determined by Triaxial and slake durability index tests, respectively. The results showed that the weathered clay mixture with 10% PC and 8% larger OMC led to an increase in the normalized shear strength (∆σ/σ) and durability index at approximately 300% and 24%, respectively, compared to the original clay shale. This indicated that the optimum shear strength and durability of this shale mixture were highly observed at 10% PC and 8% larger OMC (wet side). This verified also although the durability index increased by 97% with the addition of 20% PC, whose utilization was found to be unrealistic
Lithic economy in South Western France during the Neolithic: A case study from a coastal site - La Lède du Gurp (Aquitaine)
Authors: SOLANAS Sofia
Published: May 2022

The prehistory of South-western France is known worldwide for its rich record of Palaeolithic sites, especially from the Dordogne region. However, while research on the Palaeolithic is extremely prolific, the Neolithic was at the same time relegated to the background. Since the beginning of the discipline, few researchers worked on the Neolithic from SW France. Besides, they focused on ceramic typological analyses to describe cultural groups, rarely considered lithic tools and armatures, and never performed any techno-economical study of lithic productions. For over thirty years, rescue archaeology excavations revealed a large presence of Neolithic sites for this period; nonetheless Neolithic research remains little developed in relation to its potential. As part of my PhD thesis, the aim will be to fill this gap by characterizing lithic productions through techno-economical analyses, in order to describe the cultural groups existing in Northern Aquitania during the 4th and the 3rd millennia. With the example of La Lède du Gurp, a littoral occupation site dated to the middle and recent Neolithic, I will try to highlight in this paper what the study of lithic industries can say about a cultural group at a local scale.

The reconstitution of the operating chains and the statistical analysis of small assemblages of non-standardised lithic reduction, allowed us to highlight a similar low investment in lithic production between the Middle and the Recent Neolithic of La Lède du Gurp. Our approach has enabled us to observe that a low investment in lithic production may reflect the complexity of the Neolithic groups and the complementarity of lithic industry with other technical subsystems directly related with the group's natural environment, as may it be the case for salt production during Recent Neolithic at La Lède du Gurp.
ВОПРОСЫ МЕТРОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ СРЕДСТВ ИЗМЕРЕНИЙ ФАЗОВОГО ШУМА
Authors: Чадин А.
Published: May 2022

Предложено решение по метрологическому обеспечению средств измерений фазового шума с использованием эталонного воздействия на основе частотно-­модулированного сигнала.
УГЛУБЛЕНИЕ САМОКОНТРОЛЯ КОНТРОЛЬНО-­ПРОВЕРОЧНОЙ АППАРАТУРЫ ИЗДЕЛИЙ СИСТЕМ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ: ОДНОКРАТНЫЕ И МНОГОКРАТНЫЕ ТЕСТЫ ПЛАТ РАСШИРЕНИЯ
Authors: Белов С.
Published: May 2022

Анализируются публикации, тематика которых соотносится с задачей самоконтроля КПА, с целью изучения предлагаемых в них концепций и возможности построения на их основе технических решений, позволяющих углубить самоконтроль КПА и усовершенствовать его процедуры.
ЦИФРОВЫЕ ИС: ДИНАМИКА РЫНКА, ИНВЕСТИЦИЙ И МОЩНОСТЕЙ
Authors: Макушин М.
Published: May 2022

Цифровые ИС не только основа совершенствования систем управления, средств вычислительной техники, связи, передачи данных и т. п., но и один из важнейших элементов цифровой трансформации экономики. Доля цифровых ИС в структуре стоимости конечных электронных систем растет, капиталовложения увеличиваются, производственная база расширяется.
НИЗКОВОЛЬТНЫЕ МНОГОСЛОЙНЫЕ ВАРИСТОРЫ – НОВАЯ ЛИНЕЙКА ПРОДУКЦИИ ООО «КУЛОН»
Authors: Махин Д.
Published: May 2022

В 2022 году ООО «Кулон» запустило серийное производство чип-варисторов ВР 18 и выводных варисторов ВР 19. В настоящее время эти компоненты доступны для заказа. В статье рассмотрены общие сведения и основные параметры варисторов, особенности конструкции, технологические этапы производства и ключевые характеристики приборов, выпускаемых в ООО «Кулон».
Current knowledge of echinoderms (Echinodermata) from the coast of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Gondim Anne Isabelley , Silva-Mota Ellori Laíse , Ferreira-Lafite Niviane , Christoffersen Martin Lindsey , Pereira-Dias Thelma Lúcia
Published: May 2022

The first record of echinoderms from the state of Paraíba appeared in 1789, yet the systematic survey of the phylum along the coast only began in 2008. New species and several new records have been added since. An extensive literature survey and an analysis of the main Echinodermata collections housed in Brazil yielded 74 species. Our qualitative survey results in up-to-date records of echinoderm species along the littoral of the state, including information on habitat and their occurrence in Conservation Units (UCs). Even though all records are from the intertidal to 35 m,the resulting diversity of species is high when compared to other areas, since it corresponds to 21% of all Brazilian species and to 16% of the species known from the Caribbean Sea. The main habitats used by echinoderms are reefs and rhodolith beds. About 15% of the species are in the Brazilian Red List. A positive result is that 67% of these species occur within UCs in the state. Based on these results, we conclude that the fauna of echinoderms from shallow water is well documented in Paraíba. Finally, we comment on the conservation status of species and indicate futuredirections for the study of Echinodermata.
Understanding high-achieving publicly engaged scientists' commitment to engage: push, pull, and drag forces
Authors: AbiGhannam Niveen , Dudo Anthony
Published: May 2022

This paper takes an ecological approach to examine the public engagement with science (PES) pressures and expectations perceived by publicly engaged scientists. Interviews with high-achieving, publicly engaged scientists reveal that unidirectional factors within science (‘push forces’) and engagement (‘pull forces’) contexts drive them towards PES. Running counter to those are ‘drag forces’, or pressures not to engage. Our analyses reveal that high-achieving publicly engaged scientists mitigate those pressures through employing certain engagement strategies, such as by overproducing academic research and selectively sharing PES news with institutions and colleagues. Findings enrich our understanding of the complex operation of norms in the ever-changing PES landscape.
Coping strategies employed by Irish firefighters, association with stress and anxiety, and the use of Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) support.
Authors: O' Rourke Niamh , Hyland John M
Published: May 2022

Emergency services personnel experience high levels of stress daily (Minnie et al., 2015). An individual’s ability to cope with stressful situations is determined by the individual’s perception of stress and coping mechanisms employed. The aim of this study was to investigate coping strategies employed by Irish firefighters and association with perceived stress and anxiety levels. Additionally, one further aim was to determine attitude towards CISM supports such as post-event Psychological Debriefing/ Defusing. A mixed method survey design (N-72) employing both CISS and DASS21 measures were completed by participants from a full time urban based station providing Emergency Medical Services, and five stations on ‘retained’ status. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling. Results suggested a moderate positive correlation between stress and avoidance and a weak positive correlation between stress and social diversion, avoidance distraction and emotion orientated coping. Respondents further indicated reliance on talking, colleague support, and recreational activity for stress management.
“Incipientes sociedades”1 Inclusión y exclusión del indígena en la vida republicana, a partir de las constituciones políticas y leyes decimonónicas colombianas (1810-1890)
Authors: Gil Yepes Julián Andrés
Published: May 2022

La creación de un Estado nación en el territorio comprendido por el Virreinato del Nuevo Reino de Granada una vez se consolidó su independencia de la metrópoli española estuvo atravesada por diversos problemas de inclusión e igualación política, social y cultural de sus habitantes que, debido a 300 años de dominio colonial, vivían en una sociedad jerarquizada y vertical. Debido a esto, las comunidades indígenas fueron percibidas como una otredad que debía ser igualada a la categoría de ciudadano de manera paulatina quitándoles lo que las diferenciaba, positiva o negativamente al resto del país. En torno a lo anterior, este texto analiza la manera en que la legislatura y el constitucionalismo nacional colombiano fueron inclusivos o exclusivos con la población indígena a lo largo del siglo XIX.