bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A qualidade dos espaços públicos de lazer na urbanização contemporânea: o caso das periferias do município de Campinas
Authors: Bernardini Sidney Piochi , Carmo Carolina Guida Cardoso do
Published: March 2021

Resumo O rápido e desigual processo de urbanização no Brasil nos últimos 50 anos tem trazido desafios para a implantação e gestão das áreas de lazer nas periferias das grandes cidades. Este artigo analisa e discute como os espaços livres de uso público previstos nos projetos de loteamento em regiões periféricas do município de Campinas, no estado de São Paulo, foram tratados pela municipalidade entre 1970 e 2010. No caso daqueles convertidos em áreas de lazer, a pesquisa procurou verificar se alguns atributos referenciados pela literatura foram considerados, tomando como recorte territorial de análise duas regiões opostas do ponto de vista da configuração socioeconômica de sua população para posterior comparação entre elas. Os resultados demonstraram que a larga maioria desses espaços livres de uso público não teve intervenções para torná-los áreas de lazer. Além disso, diferença em termos de tratamento naqueles que tiveram intervenções foi constatada entre as duas regiões analisadas. Enquanto na região nordeste, predominantemente ocupada por população de maior poder aquisitivo, as áreas de lazer possuem menos acessibilidade social e melhor qualidade paisagística, na região sudeste, ocupada predominantemente por população de baixa renda, as áreas de lazer são mais acessíveis e mais coesas, mas menos equipadas e com menor qualidade paisagística.
Avaliação da inflamabilidade e do envelhecimento natural de compósitos de polímero verde e argila vermiculita para potencial uso na construção civil
Authors: Siqueira Felippe Fabrício dos Santos , Alves Tatianny Soares , Barbosa Renata
Published: March 2021

Resumo Compósitos de polietileno verde e argila vermiculita foram desenvolvidos por meio da técnica de intercalação por fusão com o objetivo de investigar seu potencial uso como material de construção. Os compósitos foram processados em uma extrusora monorosca e moldados em uma termoprensa hidráulica. Para este trabalho, foram analisadas a resistência à propagação de chamas e os efeitos do envelhecimento natural do polietileno verde e seus compósitos. Amostras foram expostas a um ensaio de degradação abiótica durante 90 dias como forma de avaliar os efeitos das condições climáticas na morfologia e nas propriedades mecânicas do material. O teste de inflamabilidade evidenciou o efeito catalítico da argila, uma vez que para todos os compósitos avaliados, a resistência à propagação de chamas foi inferior em relação ao polímero verde puro. Os efeitos do envelhecimento natural na morfologia dos materiais foram caracterizados pela transição da matriz polimérica de um aspecto dúctil para uma aparência mais frágil e o aparecimento de vazios e de fraturas internas. Em virtude disso, o desempenho mecânico dos sistemas foi diretamente afetado, como resultado de diversos tipos de degradação abiótica sofrida pelas amostras.
Avaliação experimental dos fatores de influência na aderência de revestimentos de gesso em pasta
Authors: Silva Angelo Just da Costa e , Delgado João Manuel do Paço Quesado , Azevedo Antônio Augusto Costa de
Published: March 2021

Resumo O uso de pastas de gesso como revestimento de paredes internas é uma das técnicas mais comumente empregadas em obras no Brasil, geralmente efetuado em pequenas espessuras por meio de aplicação manual ou, ainda em menor espessura, por projeção mecânica. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar experimentalmente a resistência de aderência de revestimentos executados em pasta de gesso com aplicação manual em diferentes substratos e alturas de aplicação. Como variáveis foram testados quatro tipos de blocos (blocos cerâmicos e de concreto, com função de vedação e estruturais), duas profundidades de ensaio da pasta (superficial e com cortes até o substrato) e três alturas de aplicação (até 0,6 m; entre 0,6 m e 1,2 m; e acima de 1,2 m). Os resultados apontaram a forte influência da base e da profundidade de corte na aderência, o que não foi encontrado na altura de aplicação do revestimento (ergonomia), em decorrência do natural processo de aplicação da pasta de gesso efetuado com pressão da massa sobre a parede.
Avaliação numérica do desempenho térmico de diferentes configurações de trocadores de calor solo-ar
Authors: Vasconcellos Douglas Pereira , Santos Gerson Henrique dos , Lima Luiz Eduardo Melo
Published: March 2021

Resumo Visando à diminuição do consumo de energia em edificações, devido ao uso de equipamentos de aquecimento, ventilação e ar condicionado, observa-se o aproveitamento do solo como fonte de energia. Por sua alta capacidade térmica, o solo atua como um reservatório térmico, aquecendo ou resfriando o ar do ambiente interno das edificações, conforme as condições climáticas aplicadas. Sendo assim, aplicou-se o método dos volumes finitos neste trabalho para análise do desempenho térmico desse tipo de trocador de calor solo-ar (TCSA). Inicialmente, os efeitos das propriedades térmicas do solo, da velocidade de escoamento do ar e do diâmetro do duto no desempenho térmico do TCSA foram investigados em regime permanente, por ser uma condição limite. Além disso, analisaram-se duas configurações para a distribuição do duto no solo (dois e quatro passos). A partir dos resultados, notou-se que o melhor desempenho para o TCSA foi obtido utilizando o solo saturado e operando com uma velocidade de ar de 2,5 m/s em um duto com diâmetro de 0,10 m. Em seguida, observou-se que uma distância entre as linhas de centro dos dutos de 0,5 m foi a mais apropriada. Adicionalmente, executaram-se simulações em regime transiente, empregando-se condições climáticas por meio de funções senoidais.
The Societal Implications of Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Whittlestone Jess , Arulkumaran Kai , Crosby Matthew
Published: March 2021

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is an avenue of research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) that has received increasing attention within the research community in recent years, and is beginning to show potential for real-world application. DRL is one of the most promising routes towards developing more autonomous AI systems that interact with and take actions in complex real-world environments, and can more flexibly solve a range of problems for which we may not be able to precisely specify a correct ‘answer’. This could have substantial implications for people’s lives: for example by speeding up automation in various sectors, changing the nature and potential harms of online influence, or introducing new safety risks in physical infrastructure. In this paper, we review recent progress in DRL, discuss how this may introduce novel and pressing issues for society, ethics, and governance, and highlight important avenues for future research to better understand DRL’s societal implications.

This article appears in the special track on AI and Society.
A Game-Based Online Tool to Measure Cognitive Functions in Students
Authors: Berg Valeska
Published: March 2021

Cognitive assessments can be expensive, lengthy and fatiguing for students and are often conducted in an artificial clinical context. In an effort to make the assessments more fun, researchers have started to introduce game elements to traditional cognitive tasks and training. This comes with a number of challenges. The main challenge is to develop an engaging tool that at the same time reliably assesses cognitive constructs in students. To address these challenges, this research aims to improve cognitive assessment with a new game-based assessment app that has been designed and developed in collaboration with researchers, teachers, students, and software engineers based on established cognitive theories, and subsequently validated through iterative testing in real world settings. The iterative development process is based on design-based research and includes cycles of design explorations, testing, analyses, redesign, and evaluation with students in authentic educational settings. The knowledge gained from the iterative process of designing a valid cognitive function app can inform other researchers who are aiming to develop cognitive assessment tools in an educational context.
Editorial Vol. 8, Issue 1
Authors: De Gloria Alessandro
Published: March 2021

Editorial of the International Journal of Serious Games, Vol. 8, Issue 1.
Radio Publicism in Russia: Conceptualization, Social Purpose, and Development Trend
Authors: Zubko Darya , Klyuev Yuriy
Published: March 2021

Nowadays researching socio-political broadcasting of the 21st century is topical. The recent decades have witnessed a significant increase in the number of journalistic radio programs, evolution of their format and genre diversity, and improvement of broadcasting forms and approaches. However, modern radio publicism as independent form of public-oriented journalism has not been studied sufficiently.
The article deals with theoretical ambiguity of the concept of publicism (political and topical journalism), determines its general characteristics and patterns, namely, depth of author’s thought, a high level of personification, strong emotion, direct appeal to the society, publicist’s own ideals and values, solemnity, prepossession, worldview forming, and rapid development during transition and crisis periods.
The authors analyze correlation between the notions “publicism” and “publicist style”, and determine that the latter, being the journalist’s manner of interpreting a public phenomenon and a way of his/her identification with a particular community, is one of the characteristics of publisism. Meanwhile, the study shows that some media content of publicist-like style only imitates publicism, being in fact pseudo-publicism, whose influence is destructive due to its anti-civil and anti-social orientation, provocative character and intolerant attitude.
The authors propose their own scientific definition to the term “radio publicism”, point out essential and functional characteristics of Russian radio publicism, its development trends and prospects, and determine universal features of modern radio publicism. The article also describes its current genre-and-format structure. Documentary publicist and art publicist genre groups, having their own verbal, compositional, structural, and functional features and radio audience, are distinguished as ontological categories of radio publicism.
The research methods used by the authors include structure functional analysis, typological analysis, method of observation, comparative analysis, classification, and a systemic approach.
Information Radio Stations Business FM, Vesti FM and Kommersant FM: a Comparative Analysis of the Morning Air
Authors: Bolotova Ekaterina , Syrkov Gennadiy
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of the second stage of the research titled “Transformation of the content strategies of modern radio and television broadcasting in the digital environment” carried out by a research team of the Department of Television and Radio Broadcasting, Faculty of Journalism, Moscow State University. The authors analyze the content of the morning broadcast of all-news radio stations of Moscow FM band (Business FM, Vesti FM, and Kommersant FM) in the period of 2018.05.14 to 2018.05.20 chosen by the continuous sampling method. The comprehensive study required working out a questionnaire of 25 questions to analyze various parameters from air time, running time, and type of program to interactive communication with audience.
The study shows that all the three radio stations demonstrate a stable broadcast schedule and strip programming. Business FM and Kommersant FM broadcast linearly in a continuous information stream. Vesti FM includes long analytical talk-programs with experts and guests interacting with the audience via SMS. The content-analysis of the three radio stations’ morning broadcast enables the authors to confirm a previously advanced thesis that Business FM and Kommersant FM fall into the category of all-news radio stations, whereas Vesti FM does not. The latter, despite its wide variety of interprogram and structural elements, is transforming its format into news talk.
Media Discourse of Healthy Lifestyle in Provicial Media: an Effort of a Content Analysis
Authors: Frolova Tatiana , Striga Elizaveta
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of a study of healthy lifestyle promotion in Russian provincial media. The topicality of the research is explained by the new content of the media space determined by the necessity to reflect the many-sidedness and acuteness of the problem of public and personal health. Besides, the importance of a healthy lifestyle and its values is predetermined by the national aims of increasing life expectancy, as well as by particular objectives of the demographic policy.
The study object is the practices of Russian provincial print media in the field of presenting health care components as compared to the results of surveying the journalists employed by the media. The research covers 2,044 newspaper articles on healthy lifestyle published in nine geographically remote Russian provinces in the period 2016/01–2019/12. A content analysis by 4 key aspects (tasks, content, structure, and personalization) has helped to study the purpose of the publications and areas of public life that they focus on, their topic, news hook, health care components, practices of providing expert views, people and their activities, author(s)' attitude and argumentation methods.
Basing on the results of the research, the authors make inferences that include both positive and, mostly, critical assessments, and give special and general recommendations.
Perception of Extreme Advertising by Young People (by the Example of Adrenaline Rush Commercials)
Authors: Kyshtymova Irina
Published: March 2021

The article proves scientific and social importance of studying the impact of advertising on young people, and presents the results of an empirical research into peculiarities of young people’s perception of two popular Adrenaline Rush commercials that demonstrate extreme sportsmanship. Basing on the postulates of psychosemiotics and narrative psychology, the author makes a complex psychological analysis of the two promoting narratives.
The study shows that the commercials have a high suggestive potential. The slogan “There’s nothing you can’t do!” addressed to the target audience is provocative and, according to the research hypothesis, is able to stimulate young people’s need for risky behavior, which they may demonstrate not in sports, but in life in the form of antisocial conduct.
The empirical research involved a survey of 94 respondents including 70 university students and 24 senior pupils. Having watched each commercial, they tried to determine a potential volition action of the character by estimating on 1-10 scale every of the 50 variants to finish the sentence “He can do it”. The factor analysis of the numerical data enables the author to point out six factors that form semantic categories of potential actions, namely, the common, the humanist, the antisocial, the extreme, betrayal, and power. It is inferred that both commercials extensively stimulate readiness for antisocial conduct, and senior pupils are more affected than students are. Young people do not think critically when they hear the pitch for risky behavior, so, in their minds, the risk zone expands into the area of social destruction.
Orthodoxy Sermon in Mongolia: History of Some Note
Authors:   Banzarov Buryat State University, Kornienko Nikolay
Published: March 2021

The paper analyses the history of missionary work of Russian Orthodox church in Mongolia. The research is centered around the public work of Milij Chefranov, senior priest of Urgin church. The author briefly outlines all the major elements of his work that lead to the low Russian Orthodox mission efficiency in the neighbor country.
The Daur People of Buteha Region and Creation of a Self-Defense Squad (The Middle of the 20s — The Beginning of the 30s XX c.)
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies SB RAS, Tsybenov Bazar
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the ethno-territorial group of Daur people, who living in the Buteha region. The work studied the creation of a self-defense detachment in the late 1920s. The purpose of its creation was to protect against attacks by Chinese militarists and bandits. The author described a series of battles of the self-defense detachment of Daur people with the Chinese militarists.
Stable transfection of unicellular relative of animals, Corallochytrium limacisporum, using Lonza Nucleofector v2
Authors: Kozyczkowska Aleksandra , R R Najle Sebastian , Ocaña-Pallarès Eduard , Aresté Cristina , Ruiz-Trillo Iñaki , Casacuberta Elena
Published: March 2021

This protocol describes the transfection of Corallochytrium limacisporum, one of the unicellular relatives of animals. The transfection is performed using Lonza Nucleofector System X and reporter cassettes that contain endogenous regulatory elements of C. limacisporum.
ANALYSIS OF EVOLUTION OF UKRAINIAN LEXICON IN BUILDING PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF PHILOLOGY MAJORS: LECICO-CENTRIC APPROACH
Authors: Grytsenko Svitlana
Published: March 2021

Background: Derivation is an important factor of the lexicon development of every language and Ukrainian in particular. The lexicological aspect of this phenomenon, however, has not been researched in proper manner yet.

Purpose: The goal of the article is to enhance the learners’ understanding of the value and opportunities of semantic derivation as a significant factor of the lexicon development of the Ukrainian language in a certain time period as well as to rationalize the employment of a lexicographic approach to the analysis of lexical depository development of the language in diachrony.

Discussion: Changes in a language lexicon in different historical periods may differ by quantity of exposed new units, areas of their functioning and further development in the structure of a language. Such changes may reveal themselves in acquiring new meanings by native and borrowed lexemes as a result of metonymic transformations, phrase or set phrase coinage, generalization or particularization of meaning, connotation development, ranking of semantic units. It’s important to understand that lexicon which had existed before new words appeared also changes in the process of the development of new nominative units. Although lexicographical sources do not always reflect new semantic shades of a word, it’s impossible to define this lexicon as unchangeable, since relations between lexemes change. Therefore, semantic evolution is frequently hidden behind formally unchanged lexemes
TEACHING ENGLISH GRAMMAR TO HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS: COGNITIVE APPROACH
Authors: Naumenko Liudmyla , Bilyk Yana
Published: March 2021

Background: Cognitive approach to teaching foreign languages at high school proves rather effective given the level of intellectual development and interests of learners in their early youth. The approach, based on conscious learning, currently finds support in the documents on school reform being conducted in Ukraine.

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to discuss provisions of cognitive approach to teaching a foreign language at high school and establish correlation between logical operations of thinking and types of syntactic exercises in the process of learning grammar.

Discussion: Teaching grammar is a challenging task, especially if combined with the basic vocabulary taught parallelly. However, cognitively and thematically oriented exercises facilitate the learning process, making it more sensible and smoother. Cognitive grammar exercises also meet the learners’ expectations and develop their intellectual abilities, deepen memory, train attention and logical thinking. Besides developing their grammatical and lexical skills, the students acquire cognitive abilities to make a choice, find out necessary answers, solve problems, etc., which can be exceptionally useful in everyday life and professional setting. The proposed grammar exercises which are classified according to their types into multiple choice, transformation, comparing, grouping, logical thinking, formulation of definitions and language games can be further completed with different variations which will add additional quest to the learners.

Results: The latest achievements of cognitive linguistics and cognitive psychology have a powerful impact on the development of new methods and approaches to language teaching. Cognitive approach to teaching foreign languages proves to be one of the most effective instruments of teaching-learning process, especially based on the knowledge of psycho-physiological development of the object of study.
Teaching English Speaking Skills to the First-Year Students Majoring in Oriental Philology
Authors: Druzhchenko Tetiana , Tkachenko Olena
Published: March 2021

The publication is a detailed lesson plan on the topic “The Power of Words” within the discipline “General course of Western European language”. Meant for the first-year students majoring in Oriental Philology, the course aims at developing English communicative competence through enhancing reading, listening, writing and speaking skills. All the exercises and the tasks suggested in this lesson meet the basic principles of communicative, student-centered approach to teaching foreign languages. The lesson focuses on interactional skills in the first-year students majoring in philology.
PLURILINGUAL EDUCATION TODAY: A PERSPECTIVE OF TEACHING INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE IN GERMAN AFTER ENGLISH TO STUDENT INTERPRETERS/ TRANSLATORS
Authors: Voievodina Nina
Published: March 2021

With plurilingual and pluricultural competences enjoying ever rising status reflected in the documents of Council of Europe, the processes of learning second or third foreign languages are in the focus of researchers’ scrutiny. Since German is most frequently taught after English (GaE) both in Europe and Ukraine, German language pedagogy promotes more effective intercultural learning of German.
The paper aims to analyze approaches to teaching GaE offered by German applied linguists: structure of intercultural competence (ICC), objectives and methods of teaching ICC, with a special focus on the professional needs and ways to build
ICC of student interpreters/translators.
The critical analysis conducted provides evidence of a shift in teaching ICC as acquiring knowledge about “capital-letter” culture towards mastering pragmatics of intercultural interaction. The most common methods used to achieve this goal are teams of students. Professional needs, learning background and specifics of translators’ cognitive processes are considered to maximize ICC learning of student interpreters/translators. Since an interpreter / translator is viewed as a mediator between representatives of different cultures, the author formulates prerequisites of building their ICC in communicative activities simulating real-life intercultural encounters.
The most accessible way of building ICC in Ukrainian schools of linguistics is a role-play. The author provides several examples of role plays, which appeared effective in her teaching practice, and calls for broadening the repertoire of methods employed.
PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TEACHING ENGLISH TO CIVIL SERVANTS
Authors: Ponomaryova Vira , Byrkun Liudmyla , Marymonska Lyubov
Published: March 2021

The article deals with outlining the psychological characteristics of teaching English to civil servants of the first year of study as an instrument for optimizing the process of building an FL competence of the adult learners whose level of the English
is A2 in accordance with the Common European Framework of Reference, CEFR. The aim of the article is to describe the psychological characteristics of learning an FL by civil servants as well as to reveal difficulties that they come across in mastering speaking with a view to manage the educational process of civil servants effectively and efficiently. The research methodology involves analysis and synthesis of academic literature that gives insight into the problem under study. Additionally,
the empirical results and the dynamics of the learning process were analyzed. The conducted research and the analysis of the results of the study enabled us to identify the main types of perception as well as to reveal and classify the problems and
difficulties that adult learners face in the process of mastering communicative skills. The conclusion concerning possible ways to overcome these difficulties in the system of continuous education of adult learners were outlined.
Role Substitution in Preschoolers’ Play with Toy Characters
Authors: Ryabkova I.A. , Sheina E.G.
Published: March 2021

This paper is a part of the research devoted to observing free play with different role-playing materials in preschool children.Here we describe the results of our observations of preschoolers’ play with toy characters (dolls, figures, soft toys, etc.).It was found that there are significant gender differences in this type of play: boys either do not play at all or play in the director’s position; at the same time, if they take on a role, they tend to ignore toy characters.As it is shown, the number of role-playing names is quite high in the children’s play with toy characters.This may reflect the specific function of this type of material in play.Among the prevailing play topics are family, home, pets, everyday life and motives of care and attention in general.Age analysis showed that the number of children with roles increases at 6 years, while at 5 years — when play is at its peak – role substitution in playing with toy characters is rather ignored by children.
Relationship between Volitional Regulation and Academic Achievements in University Students
Authors: Shlyapnikov V.N.
Published: March 2021

The paper presents results of a study on the relationship between the features of volitional regulation and academic performance in university students of different years and areas of training.The study compared students (year 1 to 4) of ‘Psychology’ (n=133) and ‘State and Municipal Administration’ (n=201) programmes.The following methods were used: the Action Control Scale by J.Kuhl; the questionnaire for revealing the expression of self-control in the emotional sphere, activity and behavior (developed by G.S.Nikiforov, V.K.Vasilyev and S.V.Virsov); the Dembo-Rubinstein self-esteem scale (modified by V.A.Ivannikov and E.V. Eidman, 1990); the Purpose in Life Test (by D.A.Leontiev).The arithmetic mean of all examination marks received by the student during the current academic year was used as an indicator of academic performance.It is shown that in junior students of the management programme the indicator of academic performance positively correlates with the indicators of the Action Control Scale (p <0.01), the Purpose in Life Test (p <0.01) and behavioral self-control (p <0.01), whereas in students of the psychology programme it positively correlates with indicators of the Purpose in Life Test (p <0.01) and social self-control (p <0.01).No significant correlations were found in senior students.The results obtained in the study allow us to draw some conclusions about the contribution of volitional regulation to the level of academic achievements in students.
Academic Outcomes of Students in University Digital Environment at Different Levels of Higher Education: Who Is More Successful?
Authors: Sorokova M.G.
Published: March 2021

The problem of empirical assessment of various aspects of learning in the digital educational environment seems to be of particular relevance.At the same time, it is emphasized that there is a lack of comparative studies of students’ educational outcomes at different levels of higher education who have completed e-courses.The study was conducted at the Moscow State University of Psychology and Education (MSUPE), the sample size is N = 424 students.Subject of the study is immediate and long-term academic achievements of students in two levels of higher education who completed e-courses.Purpose of the study is to evaluate the differences in the academic achievements and knowledge retention of graduate and undergraduate students.Key findings of students’ academic outcomes comparative analysis are the following: (1) No differences were found between graduate and undergraduate students in the pretest, final test and overall e-course grade indicators.(2) The same tendency was revealed in students of both groups: pretest scores are low, posttest scores significantly and strongly increase, and then after 1.5—4 months they significantly decrease, while remaining significantly higher than the input indicators.The knowledge retention scores are very scattered in comparison with the direct ones.(3) The gain score effect size and the improvement index are significant for the final test only without adjusting for clustering, i.e.ignoring the fact that the sample consists of several student groups.A median graduate student would have a higher score than a median undergraduate student.Cluster-level effect size is not statistically significant.Cluster-level effect size for overall e-course grade indicators with difference-in-differences adjustment is also not reliable.(4) The knowledge retention scores in both students’ categories do not differ.The gain score effect sizes for knowledge retention, taking into account both the final test and the pretest, are not significant.(5) The psychometric characteristics of the academic achievement test in the field of empirical data quantitative analysis can be considered satisfactory.
Students’ Conceptions of Academic Success: Themes, Guiding Lines and Contradictions
Authors: Yaroshevskaya S.V. , Sysoeva T.A.
Published: March 2021

Academic success is a popular topic of psychological and pedagogical studies, but such studies usually emphasize factors that affect academic success or variables associated with it.What constitutes academic success remains an open question if at all posited.Researchers tend to use simplified operationalizations, mainly the academic performance, and ignore the students’ point of view.The purpose of this study is to clarify students’ perceptions of academic success.A qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews about learning experience was conducted.The study involved 20 students from various Moscow universities who completed their first academic year (aged 17—42).The technique of reflective thematic analysis was applied.Main themes are the following: “Performance” (learning is considered successful if grades are high and there are no academic troubles), “Knowledge” (learning is successful if the curriculum is being assimilated, or professional knowledge increasing, of one’s horizons are expanding), “Sense of self” (learning is considered successful if there is interest in studying, enthusiasm, as well as internal comfort and/or self-development).Themes are arranged in a sequence, moving from external criteria to internal ones.A number of contradictions are found in the informants’ perceptions of success.In the continuum of themes, different understandings of success are attributed to different instances (university, profession, life activities, Self) and allow us to see the diversity and inconsistency of higher education meanings that explain the observed paradoxes.
Caravel: A New Earthworm-Based Open-Source Development for the Italian Seismic Monitoring System
Authors: Bono Andrea , Lauciani Valentino , Margheriti Lucia , Quintiliani Matteo
Published: March 2021

The Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) is in charge of earthquake monitoring and surveillance in the Italian territory as a part of the civil protection system. Technological improvements in the last years were taken into account for developing new protocols and software to upgrade all the procedures in the monitoring centers. Real-time earthquake evaluation consists of phase picks, preliminary and automatic hypocenters, local magnitudes and ground-motion parameters. The real-time analysis system presently in use at INGV is the starting point for a new multitier compound system that relies on four main components: an automatic earthquake detection and location system based on Earthworm; a new seismological relational database for parametric data; a full set of new webservices application programming interface specifications to share information and provide data at the application level and; finally, a set of multiplatform interactive revision tools developed to analyze, store, use, and distribute the seismic parameters in real time. These last three components are being completely developed ex-novo at INGV in Rome. Such a system has been engineered to communicate with the International Federation of Digital Seismic Networks standard webservices as well as custom home-made INGV services.

Through its custom embedded features Caravel will allow the INGV personnel on duty for seismic surveillance to evaluate and review all automatic estimations before they are communicated to the Italian civil protection agency and then published by external tools through e-mail, SMS, Twitter, and webpages.
Shallow Damage Zone Structure of the Wasatch Fault in Salt Lake City from Ambient-Noise Double Beamforming with a Temporary Linear Array
Authors: Gkogkas Konstantinos , Lin Fan-Chi , Allam Amir A. , Wang Yadong
Published: March 2021

We image the shallow structure across the East Bench segment of the Wasatch fault system in Salt Lake City using ambient noise recorded by a month-long temporary linear seismic array of 32 stations. We first extract Rayleigh-wave signals between 0.4 and 1.1 s period using noise cross correlation. We then apply double beamforming to enhance coherent cross-correlation signals and at the same time measure frequency-dependent phase velocities across the array. For each location, based on available dispersion measurements, we perform an uncertainty-weighted least-squares inversion to obtain a 1D VS model from the surface to 400 m depth. We put all piece-wise continuous 1D models together to construct the final 2D VS model. The model reveals high velocities to the east of the Pleistocene Lake Bonneville shoreline reflecting thinner sediments and low velocities particularly in the top 200 m to the west corresponding to the Salt Lake basin sediments. In addition, there is an ∼400-m-wide low-velocity zone that narrows with depth adjacent to the surface trace of the East Bench fault, which we interpret as a fault-related damage zone. The damage zone is asymmetric, wider on the hanging wall (western) side and with greater velocity reduction. These results provide important constraints on normal-fault earthquake mechanics, Wasatch fault earthquake behavior, and urban seismic hazard in Salt Lake City.
The Italian Node of the European Integrated Data Archive
Authors: Danecek Peter , Pintore Stefano , Mazza Salvatore , Mandiello Alfonso , Fares Massimo , Carluccio Ivano , Della Bina Emiliano , Franceschi Diego , Moretti Milena , Lauciani Valentino , Quintiliani Matteo , Michelini Alberto
Published: March 2021

The Orfeus European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA) provides a federated approach to the dissemination of seismological waveform data and ensures access to 12 regional seismological data centers—the EIDA nodes. The Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) is one of the founding partners of this EIDA federation and manages the EIDA data distribution node in Italy. INGV has actively managed the smaller MedNet archive since 1990 and adopted a more comprehensive and systematic approach to seismological data archiving since 2007. The Italian EIDA node data archive currently totals 90 TBytes of waveform data available for download, originating from 25 networks and 974 stations, provided by INGV, MedNet, or contributed by various partner institutions. Geographically, it covers mainly Italy and some stations from the Mediterranean region. The archive is currently growing at a rate of approximately 11 TB/yr.

INGV recently strengthened its data management capabilities, resources, and infrastructure to effectively respond to the growing scale of station inventory, archive, and volumes of delivered data, and to acknowledge increasing attention toward open data sharing, appropriate attribution, and FAIR principles (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reuse), as well as higher demands on data quality and expectations of the scientific user community. To this end, it established a dedicated internal unit in charge of all relevant activities related to the Italian EIDA node. In this article, we address key aspects of the EIDA node in Italy such as evolution and status of the seismological waveform archive, and we describe the technical, organizational, and operational setup of data and service management. We also outline ongoing activities and future evolutions aiming to further increase the quality of services, data availability, data and metadata quality, resilience, and sustainability.
Evaluación del riesgo de infección por COVID-19 en el Departamento del Valle del Cauca mediante una herramienta TIC
Authors: Valencia Cardona Andres Felipe , Quintero Carlos Alfredo Vargas , Triana Lina , Jimenez Juan Carlos , Jimenez Antonio , Etayo Julian , Ocampo Carlos Hernan
Published: March 2021

Introducción: La utilización de la tecnología en el área de la salud es aplicada mediante la telemedicina y utilización de aplicaciones para diversas actividades. En nuestro caso para la detección del riesgo y priorización de pacientes para intervención.
Objetivo: Documentar la experiencia en el uso de una aplicación móvil “VALLE CORONA” para COVID-19 y la estratificación del riesgo.
Métodos: Es una Investigación operativa y observacional. Se diseño una aplicación con 14 preguntas que se establecieron de acuerdo a la evidencia y recomendaciones de expertos e instituciones internacionales y del Instituto Nacional de Salud colombiano. Se elaboró un algoritmo para clasificar el riesgo y así establecer posibles casos o casos sospechosos. El riesgo se estableció según el semáforo. Verde: Bajo riesgo de cursar con infección por SARS COV2, naranja: riesgo intermedio, rojo: alto riesgo de cursar con la infección.
Resultados: La aplicación fue utilizada por 3,165 usuarios, 1,893 hombres y 1,273 mujeres, mediana de edad: 37.38 años; 2,026 usuarios entre 25-50 años. Clasificación del algoritmo: VERDE: 2,761 casos. ROJO:  270 casos. >60 años fueron 23 usuarios y en <60 años fueron 247. NARANJA: 134 casos > 60 años fueron 11 usuarios y para los <60 años 123 casos.
Conclusiones: La aplicación móvil para el control de una pandemia a nivel local es real, económica y tiene impacto para el seguimiento de casos y priorización de ellos, además que genera una articulación con las diferentes instituciones con enfoque transectorial e intersectorial; destacándose el éxito de la movilización de los expertos en epidemiologia.
A retrospective evaluation of Alvarado score in diagnosing acute appendicitis in a tertiary care hospital at Pondicherry
Authors: Ray G. , Selvakumaran S.
Published: March 2021

Background: Acute appendicitis is a common and sometimes confusing cause of acute abdomen in all age groups. Diagnosis of appendicitis can be difficult, occasionally taxing the diagnostic skills of even the most experienced surgeon. Despite the increased use of USG, CT, the rate of misdiagnosis of appendicitis has remained the same (15.3%). To evaluate the usefulness of the Alvarado score as a simple and reliable tool in preoperative diagnosis of acute appendicitis.Methods: This retrospective study conducted on 97 cases includes all patients who were admitted with a clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis for a period of one year from February 2019 to January 2020 at IGMCRI Pondicherry with clinical suspicions of acute appendicitis were included in the study. The modified scoring system is based on 3 signs, 3 symptoms, and 1 laboratory finding. The patient was classified as males, females, and children (<12 years). These were further grouped based on the scores 7-9, 5-6, and <5.Results: A total of 80 patients with a score of 7-9 and 5-6 were operated on. Among males with a score of 7-9, 35 patients were operated and 34 were found to have an inflamed appendix. Females with scores 7-9, 16 were operated and 11 were found to have an inflamed appendix.Conclusions: Alvarado scores significantly reduce the number of negative laparotomies without increasing the overall rate of appendicular perforation. It is very effective in men and children but diagnostic laparoscopy or ultrasonography is advised to minimize the high false-negative rate in women.
Defining the older patient population that require, but do not undergo emergency laparotomy: an observational cohort study protocol
Authors: Reeves Nicola , Chandler Susan , McLennan Elizabeth , Price Angeline , Boyle Jemma , Knight Stephen , Pearce Lyndsay , Moug Susan
Published: March 2021

Background: Despite older adults (65 years and above) accounting for almost half of emergency laparotomies and an ageing population, there remains a paucity of research in the older adult emergency surgery population. One key clinical area that requires urgent assessment is the older patient who presents with acute abdominal pathology treatable by laparotomy, but who does not undergo surgery (NoLAP).

Methods: This multicentre prospective cohort study [defining the denominator: emergency laparotomy and frailty study 2 (ELF2)] will recruit consecutive older adults that require but do not undergo emergency laparotomy (NoLAP). We will recruit from 47 national health service hospitals over a 3-month timeframe. The same criteria as NELA for inclusion and exclusion will be applied. The primary aim is 90-day mortality. Secondary aims include characterisation of the NoLAP group, frailty and sarcopenia with comparison to those older adults that have undergone emergency laparotomy (ELAP). Decision-making will also be explored. Assuming a NoLAP rate of 32% and 10% dropout, a minimum of 700 patients are required for 95% power (alpha=0.05).

Conclusions: The UK national emergency laparotomy audit has provided vital information on those patients undergoing emergency laparotomy and driven standards in operative and perioperative care. However, little is known of outcomes in those patients who do not undergo emergency laparotomy.  Improved understanding of this NoLAP population would aid shared decision-making and improve standards for this otherwise poorly understood vulnerable patient group.

Trial registration: This study is registered online at www.clinicaltrial.gov (Reg number: ISRCTN14556210).

 
Comparative calcium levels in high exposed and low exposed group of lead based battery workers
Authors: GN Vishal Babu , A Raviraja , KS Deepak , Venkatesh Thuppil
Published: March 2021

Introduction: A comparative study of calcium and phosphorus was conducted in high exposed and low exposed groups of lead battery workers to study the effect of lead exposure in these groups as there were very few systematic study reports available in the Indian scenario. Materials and Method: Subjects were selected and classified as Group A àcontrols; Group Bà high risk exposure Group Càlow risk exposure. They were evaluated for their blood lead level (BLL), zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), Hb, Calcium, Phosphorus, Blood pressure, Total Proteins and albumin. Selections of subjects were in accordance to the protocol developed. Results: This study showed that there is statistical significance between high risk and low risk in BLL (p<0.001), ZPP (p<0.001), Hb (p<0.001) and Calcium (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in Phosphorus (p=0.280). Other parameters included Blood pressure, Total protein, albumin and Phosphorus had no significant difference. Conclusions: There was significant difference in BLL, ZPP and calcium between the high risk and low risk group. This difference was mainly due to the absence of precautionary principles, absence of proper disposal methods and lack of knowledge among workers about the ill effects of lead. Thus study reveals the need for self-regulation and a government policy.
Riesgo climático y definición de estrategias financieras para su mitigación en el sector agua y saneamiento en ALC: Inundaciones: Visión general de la gestión de riesgo de inundaciones ante el cambio climático
Authors: López José Luis
Published: March 2021

Este trabajo recoge los resultados parciales de un estudio desarrollado con el fin de recopilar antecedentes regionales que pudieran apoyar el diseño de estrategias financieras para la mitigación del riesgo de desastres asociados a aludes torrenciales e inundaciones en los países de América Latina y El Caribe. Este documento forma parte del componente de Inundaciones del estudio llamado Riesgo climático y definición de estrategias financieras para su mitigación en el sector agua y saneamiento en ALC (2018).
Положение ариан и донатистов в Африке после установления ромейского господства в регионе
Authors: Золотухина Наталья Евгеньевна
Published: March 2021

Статья посвящена проблеме социального положения ариан и донатистов в условиях установления ромейской власти без углубления в догматические богословские вопросы. Основное внимание уделяется анализу цели военной кампании Велизария в Северной Африке и приводятся аргументы в защиту тезиса о том, что данная военная кампания не носила религиозного характера с целью подавления ариан. Анализируется количественный состав ариан среди солдат экспедиционного корпуса и их отношение к военной кампании. Акцентируется внимание на укрепление позиций донатистов в конце VI в. в византийской провинции Африка.
Эллинистическо-иудейские и древнехристианские исторические сочинения в «Библиотеке» Фотия
Authors: Логвинова Александра Александровна
Published: March 2021

Статья посвящена изучению труда «Мириобиблион» константинопольского патриарха Фотия (IX в.), а конкретно протохристианских произведений в нем. Эти произведения играли важную роль в становлении ранней христианской литературы, стоя на стыке иудаизма, античной философии и христианства. Через них осуществлялся синтез восточной и западной традиции. В «Мириобиблионе» Фотия предпринята попытка интегрировать их в культурный пласт христианской литературы, несмотря на то, что религиозно-философские взгляды их авторов зачастую серьезно отличаются от христианских догматов. Особое внимание уделено эллинизированному иудею Иосифу Флавию, произведениям которого Фотий посвящает 4 кодекса. Изучение аннотаций Фотия показывает, что протохристианские произведения в целом позитивно воспринимались в византийском обществе, они вызывали интерес прежде всего с точки зрения описания новозаветных событий «изнутри». Однако все же таких произведений было мало, в «Мириобиблионе» всего 7 подобных сочинений из 280.
«Постойная повинность есть, конечно, одна из самых тягостных для граждан». Постойная повинность и строительство казарм в Российской империи второй половины XIX века
Authors: Орлов Андрей Сергеевич
Published: March 2021

В данной статье на основе анализа повременных изданий Российской империи второй половины XIX века рассматривается вопрос преобразования постойной повинности и строительства казарм для русской армии. Постой являлся одним из наиболее тяжелых налогов (наиболее тяжелым бременем) для податных сословий. Во второй половине XIX века правительство Российской империи прилагало усилия для облегчения отбывания данной повинности простым населением. Строилось незначительное количество специальных помещений для войск. В период «великих реформ» императора Александра II работала комиссия для пересмотра системы податей и сборов. Однако комиссия не смогла кардинальным образом изменить систему отбывания постоя и освободить податные сословия от отбывания повинности натуральным образом. С 1882 года в Российской империи началось активное строительство казарменных помещений для армии. И в результате этого к началу XX века правительство полностью перевело армию на казарменное положение, тем самым освободив податные сословия от постойной повинности.