bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inflation Propensity of Collatz Orbits: A New Proof-of-Work for Blockchain Applications
Authors: Bocart Fabian
Published: September 2018

Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin rely on a proof-of-work system to validate transactions and prevent attacks or double-spending. Reliance on a few standard proofs-of-work such as hashcash, Ethash or Scrypt increases systemic risk of the whole crypto-economy. Diversification of proofs-of-work is a strategy to counter potential threats to the stability of electronic payment systems. To this end, another proof-of-work is introduced: it is based on a new metric associated to the algorithmically undecidable Collatz algorithm: the inflation propensity is defined as the cardinality of new maxima in a developing Collatz orbit. It is numerically verified that the distribution of inflation propensity slowly converges to a geometric distribution of parameter $0.714 \approx \frac{(\pi - 1)}{3}$ as the sample size increases. This pseudo-randomness opens the door to a new class of proofs-of-work based on congruential graphs.
Geological Astroikos
Authors: Eid-Macheh y Sánchez Yasmina , García Valverde Juan José
Published: September 2018

To establish a human colony in a planetary body different from the terrestrial one, will entail to join those factors that can favour the good development of life in that place. However, which of these possible parameters can be categorized as essential when referring to the creation of a shelter for a long stay? Human beings, willing to abandon their natural environment in order to open new extra-terrestrial settlements for present and future generations, have to stay long hours cloistered in a volume built in a quite hostile environment a priori. They deserve to find a habitat which not only makes them feel protected, with the tranquillity and comfort that entails, but also provides an environment capable to transmit desire to live and be. Astroikos. Term whose suffix Oikos ("house", in Greek) defines in classical antiquity the set of goods and people that constituted the basic unit of society, allows us to identify the new planetary habitat as the possible refuge of a multidisciplinary team of astronauts aiming at colonizing other worlds. This would be based on four fundamental pillars: 1. The humanization of Space Architecture. 2. The possibility of the use of indigenous materials, resources and natural geological structures, as well as the recycling of elements of space vehicles. 3. Self-construction. 4. Security.
Formulasi Pakan Lengkap (Complete Feed) Berbasis Limbah Pertanian Sebagai Pakan Ternak Kambing Di Kecamatan Kromengan Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Yulianti Dyah Lestari , Hidayati Permata Ika , Shodiq Ahmad
Published: September 2018

Farmers in Kromengan Village, Kromengan District, Malang Regency have problems providing forage feed for their goats. Appropriate technology offered on this community services program is the silage technology on agricultural by-product. A target of this community services programes is a group of goat farmers "Sinar Harapan" with the number of farmers 15 people who have of 3-4 goats respectively. The feed ingredients used to make silage are rice straw, sugar cane, pollard, urea, starbio, EM4, and water. Complete feed composed include silage 51.57% and leguminous 48.43%. The results of community services program activities increased: (1) the understanding of target group about complete feed formulation based on agricultural by-product as goat feed about 90%; (2) goat body weight gain  150 g / head/day; and (3) farmer income of Rp 432,109 ,-/month. It is suggested to implement community services program by utilizing silage technology which based local agricultural by-product based as roughage source for ruminants.
Pendidikan Dan Pelatihan Manajemen Pondok Pesantren Upaya Peningkatan Kapabilitas Pengurus
Authors: Andayani Endah , Al Arsy Auliana Farrabanie
Published: September 2018

Islamic Boarding School "Asy-Syadzili" Pakis of Malang in addition to conducting religious education (Hafidz Al-Qur'an) also manages the formal education of Junior High School, Senior High School, and Vocational High School, which has 650 students and/or with the number of 800 Islamic Students. Meanwhile, Islamic Boarding School "Asy-Syadzili" Pakis of Malang is still managed by traditional management, it does not mean that there is no opportunity to be flexible and dynamic in their management. So the management must have the ability to arrange the implementation of boarding school to fit the vision and mission set. Based on the observation of the devotees, the caretaker / motivation of the board is very low, so that impressed the management of the cottage is less than optimal. The purpose of this dedication so that the board of management understand about boarding school management. The methods used ranging from education on financial management, planning functions, organizing functions, mobilization functions, motivation, leadership, and supervisory functions. Followed by training in preparing the work program boarding school that refers to the vision and mission Islamic Boarding School. After training on female Islamic Students, the board has been generated: average attendance attendance is 89.2%, liveliness in training 78,6%, management understanding about management 84% can be understood well, 82% understanding about management finance, and 95% of board can arrange work program of boarding school systematically and based on management functions.
Estimation of Coffee Yield from Gridded Weather Data
Authors: Valeriano Taynara Tuany Borges , de Souza Rolim Glauco , de Oliveira Aparecido Lucas Eduardo , de Moraes José Reinaldo da Silva Cabral
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas

Use of gridded weather data [European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and NASA] gave similar estimations of coffee yield to the models that use surface‐observed weather data.

A new calibration was proposed to the model to the penalties and the coefficients calibrated from the different data sources.

The calibration of the coefficients for the ECMWF and NASA data was efficient.

The tests with independent data confirmed the improvement of the calibration.

Coffee yield can be estimated using the ECMWF and NASA grid data.

Agrometeorological models have been applied to crop yield estimations, providing information for management. A limiting factor of these models is the input data, which come mostly from surface meteorological stations (SMS). We propose the use of gridded weather data provided by the European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the NASA as a viable and innovative alternative for coffee (Coffea arabica L.) yield estimation in Brazil. We made modifications in the coefficients of the model proposed by Santos and Camargo, regarding the penalties for extreme temperatures and those related to different gridded data sources. The accuracy, measured by the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), was 23.76, 24.61, and 22% for the calibrations with ECMWF, NASA, and SMS data, respectively. These high levels of MAPE were the result of the high biennality of the crop. The average tendency, measured by the systematic root mean square error, was an overestimation (or underestimation) of ±465 kg ha−1 by the ECMWF, ±411 kg ha−1 by NASA, and ±653 by the SMS models. The mean precision, measured by the nonsystematic root mean square error, was 186, 190, and 280 kg ha−1 for the ECMWF, NASA, and SMS models, respectively. These results indicate that coffee yield for São Paulo and Minas Gerais can be calibrated and estimated with the ECMWF and NASA gridded data.
Forage Potential of Summer Annual Grain Legumes in the Southern Great Plains
Authors: Baath Gurjinder S. , Northup Brian K. , Rocateli Alexandre C. , Gowda Prasanna H. , Neel James P. S.
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas

Forage quality gap during mid through late summer affects stocker cattle production.

A broad range of under‐utilized grain legumes may serve as high‐quality forages.

Adoption of such crops could enhance sustainability of stocker‐based grazing systems.

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and perennial warm‐season grasses are the primary forage resources for grazing yearling stocker cattle (Bos taurus) in the US Southern Great Plains (SGP). However, low nutritive value of perennial grasses during mid to late summer limits high rates of growth by stocker cattle. In response, there has been a continued search for plant materials with the potential to provide forage high in crude protein (CP) and digestibility during August through September. A broad range of under‐utilized legume species that are grown as grain crops in Africa, India, and South and Central America may have some capacity to serve as high quality pasture or harvested forage in the SGP. However, any crop selection must account for limitations related to unpredictable summer rainfall amounts and patterns, and the frequent occurrence of prolonged drought. Further, any selection should not create water deficits for following winter wheat, the primary forage and grain crop in the region. This article summarizes a small subset of the broad range of underutilized grain legumes (pulses) which exist worldwide and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] that may have capacity to serve as high quality forage for late‐summer grazing. Bringing these crops into forage–stocker production systems could improve the overall system effectiveness, in addition to providing other ecosystem services (e.g., ground cover, grain crops).
Evaluation of Drip Irrigation System for Water Productivity and Yield of Rice
Authors: Parthasarathi Theivasigamani , Vanitha Koothan , Mohandass Sendass , Vered Eli
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas

Drip irrigation improved the aerobic rice yield and water savings by 29 and 50%, respectively.

The subsurface drip laid out at 0.8 m lateral distance with 1.0 L per hour dripper discharge irrigation system performed better in rice growth, physiology, and yield.

Drip irrigation favored the root oxidizing power, canopy photosynthesis, and dry matter partitioning.

There is a twofold increase in water productivity of aerobic rice under drip irrigation system.

The use of drip irrigation in upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation is a contemporary water‐saving strategy. However, inadequate evidence is available related to consequential changes in water productivity on rice yield. The effects of distinctive drip irrigation treatments, namely differences in lateral distances (0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 m), dripper discharge rates (0.6 and 1.0 L per hour, Lph), irrigation methods (surface and subsurface), and the conventional aerobic rice production system (control) on, physiology and water productivity of rice were studied during the summer of 2012 and 2013. Grain yield significantly increased in the subsurface drip irrigation method laid out at 0.8 m lateral distance and in 1.0 Lph discharge rate (5389 kg ha−1) compared with control irrigation method (4181 kg ha−1). This treatment mounts up dry matter partitioning, leaf photosynthesis as well as root oxidizing power. In addition, drip irrigation in aerobic rice production system had twice the water productivity and stimulates longer roots with higher density compared with control irrigation method. The subsurface drip irrigation system with drippers/laterals of 0.8‐m distance with flow rate 1.0 Lph, in aerobic rice production system is a cost‐effective method and had the potential to save water (27.0%) without compromising grain yield in comparison to control irrigation method. This could be the promising technology to be recommended for aerobic rice production system.
Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Annual and Perennial Biofuel Cropping Systems
Authors: McGowan Andrew R. , Roozeboom Kraig L. , Rice Charles W.
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas

A majority (40–80%) of N2O was emitted in the first 10 wk of the growing season.

No consistent significant differences were found in N2O emissions among crops.

Most N2O was emitted during large events of short duration after substantial rainfall.

Burning of fossil fuels in the transportation sector accounts for 28% of US greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Substitution of cellulosic biofuel in place of conventional gasoline or diesel could reduce GHG emissions from transportation; however, the effectiveness of cellulosic biofuel in reducing emissions depends on emissions during the growth of biofuel crops. The objectives of this study were (i) to measure N2O emissions of potential cellulosic biofuel cropping systems, and (ii) to characterize the temporal variations in N2O emissions in these cropping systems. Annual N2O emissions were measured in corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and photoperiod‐sensitive sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]–soybean rotations as well as in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and miscanthus (Miscanthus sacchariflorus) from 2011–2013 in Manhattan, KS, using static chambers. No consistent significant differences were found in N2O emissions among crop species, though miscanthus tended to have the least emissions. Most N2O was emitted during large events of short duration (1–3 d) that occurred after substantial rainfall events with high soil NO3−. In 2011 and 2012, most N2O was emitted during the growing season. In 2013, 30–50% of the N2O emissions were emitted after September which was attributed to freeze–thaw cycles.
Dryland Corn Production and Water Use Affected by Tillage and Crop Management Intensity
Authors: Lenssen Andrew W. , Sainju Upendra. M. , Allen Brett L. , Jabro Jalal D. , Stevens William B.
Published: September 2018

Management practices for dryland corn production and water use are lacking.

Tillage and weed management effect on corn yield and water use were conducted.

Seed number and grain yield were greater with no‐tillage than conventional tillage.

Grain yield was also greater with reduced seeding rate and stubble height.

No‐till with reduced seeding rate and stubble height can enhance dryland corn yield.

Management strategies to enhance dryland corn (Zea mays L.) production and soil water use are lacking. We evaluated the effect of tillage and crop management intensity on the growth, yield, and water use of dryland corn from 2005 to 2010 in the northern Great Plains. Tillage systems (no‐tillage, NT, and conventional tillage, CT) as main‐plot and crop management to corn (traditional intensity: conventional seeding rates and reduced wheat, Triticum aestivum L., stubble height; and improved intensity: increased seeding rate for 3 out of 6 yr and wheat stubble height) as split‐plot treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Corn plant stand was greater for CT than NT in 3 out of 6 yr and greater for the improved than the traditional intensity in 3 out of 3 yr. Seed number and grain yield were greater for NT than CT in 4 out of 6 yr. Biomass was greater for NT than CT in 1 out of 6 yr and greater for NT than CT in the traditional intensity. Corn plant height, seed weight, and harvest index as well as preplant and postharvest soil water, water use, and water‐use efficiency were not influenced by treatments, but varied with years. Corn yield increased for NT compared with CT during years with below‐average precipitation due to increased seed number and by reducing seeding rate and wheat stubble height. No‐tillage with reduced seeding rate and wheat stubble height can enhance dryland corn production without affecting soil water.
The Effects of Planting Density on Lodging Resistance, Related Enzyme Activities, and Grain Yield in Different Genotypes of Oilseed Flax
Authors: Gao Yuhong , Jiang Hanyu , Wu Bing , Niu Junyi , Li Yajiao , Guo Fang , Wang Li , Blakney Andrew J.C.
Published: September 2018

Knowledge of planting density and lodging resistance is essential to developing effective cropping systems. This study determined (i) the lodging resistance of different genotypes of oilseed flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) under different planting densities, and (ii) the effect of density on lignin content and related enzyme activities in different genotypes in Northwest China. We hypothesized that (i) lignin content and related enzyme activities varied with different planting densities, and (ii) a planting density of 750 × 104 grains ha−1 increased the lignin content and related enzyme activities of stem tissues and improved lodging resistance. The characteristics of oilseed flax from three different cultivars—‘Dingya 23’(V1), ‘Jinya 10’(V2), and ‘Neiya 9’(V3)—were evaluated under different planting densities. Results indicated that increasing plant density increased the phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia‐lyase (TAL) activities but decreased the 4‐coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL) activity and lignin content of a high‐lodging‐resistance cultivar. However, increasing plant density decreased the PAL and TAL activities but increased the 4CL and lignin content of a low‐lodging‐resistance cultivar. We conclude that plant density affected the plant lignin content by regulating the 4CL activity. Flax seed yield increases with density were mainly due to increased lignin content, bending strength, and regulated PAL, TAL, and 4CL activities. The study concluded that optimizing planting density could play an important role in crop lodging resistance and grain yields in the northwest of China.
Evaluation of Soybean Germplasm for Resistance to Multiple Nematode Species: Heterodera glycines, Meloidogyne incognita, and Rotylenchulus reniformis
Authors: Klepadlo Mariola , Meinhardt Clinton G. , Vuong Tri D. , Patil Gunvant , Bachleda Nicole , Ye Heng , Robbins Robert T. , Li Zenglu , Shannon J. Grover , Chen Pengyin , Meksem Khalid , Nguyen Henry T.
Published: September 2018

Plant‐parasitic nematode species are one of the greatest threats to cause serious yield loss throughout soybean production regions of the United States. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars of different maturity groups carry known resistance to soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines, SCN) at rgh1 and Rhg4 loci. Continuous use of these genes caused SCN population shifts and overcoming host resistance over time. Lack of genetic diversity created a bottleneck in development of new cultivars containing novel SCN resistance genes. Additional sources of resistance to southern root‐knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita, SRKN) and reniform nematode (Rotylenchlus reniformis, RN) could result in supplemental protection of soybean yield. This research focused on determining known and new sources of SCN resistance in 1220 soybean accessions divided into two groups: (i) early‐maturity groups (000‐II) screened with two SCN populations, and (ii) medium‐maturity groups (III‐V) screened with six SCN populations. Based on the initial screening results, a subset of 76 accessions was selected for further phenotyping with SCN, SRKN, and RN populations and supplemented by genotyping using molecular markers. The results revealed that 56 lines were resistant to two nematode species in various combinations, and 12 lines were resistant to all three nematode species. Moreover, potential new sources of resistance‐carrying genes other than rhg1 and Rhg4 loci were pinpointed. Interestingly, RN resistance highly correlated with rhg1 locus suggesting a common gene or tight linkage. Identified resistant soybean accessions provide promising materials for discovery of novel genes to support cultivar development.
Ecohydrologic Changes Caused by Hydrologic Disconnection of Ephemeral Stream Channels in Mojave National Preserve, California
Authors: Perkins Kim S. , Miller David M. , Sandquist Darren R. , Macias Miguel , Roach Aimee
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas

Emplacement of infrastructure has modified ecohydrology in the Mojave Desert.

Channels with no upslope water sources have altered infiltration properties.

Microbial and vegetation assemblages have evolved with hydrologic changes.

Deeper rooting plants are more abundant where streams can flow ephemerally.

Emplacement of highways and railroads has altered natural hydrologic systems by influencing surface‐water flow paths and biotic communities in Mojave National Preserve. Infiltration experiments were conducted along active and abandoned channels to evaluate changes in hydrology and related effects on plant water availability and use. Simulated rainfall infiltration experiments with vegetation monitoring were conducted along an active channel upslope and a comparable abandoned channel downslope of the transportation corridor. We also conducted 90 single‐ring, ponded infiltration experiments in adjacent channels to evaluate field‐saturated hydraulic conductivity and particle size distributions. The abandoned channels are still morphologically evident but are disconnected from runoff sources at higher elevations. Infiltration test results show that water infiltrates twice as fast in the active channels. Excavation showed weak soil development with fewer plant roots beneath the abandoned channel. Scanning electron microscopy of surface samples showed the presence of cyanobacteria only in abandoned channels. Plants up to 3 m away from both channels showed physiological responses to channel water applied in a simulated pulse of rain. The response was short lived and less pronounced for plants adjacent to the abandoned channel, whereas those adjacent to the active channel showed responses up to 2 mo after the pulse. These responses may explain observed lower plant densities and fewer deep‐rooted species along abandoned channels compared with active channels. We infer that the deeper rooting plants are more abundant where they are able to take advantage of the increased soil‐water storage resulting from greater infiltration and flow frequency in active stream channels.
Connecting Learner Motivation to Learner Progress and Completion in Massive Open Online Courses | Relier la motivation de l’apprenant à ses progrès et à l’achèvement des cours en ligne ouverts à tous
Authors: Najafi Hedieh , Rolheiser Carol , Harrison Laurie , Heikoop Will
Published: September 2018

We examined how massive open online courses (MOOC) learners’ motivational factors, self-efficacy, and task-value related to their course progress and achievement, as informed by learners’ initial course completion intention. In three individual MOOCs, learners completed a pre-course survey to report their levels of task-value and self-efficacy and to indicate their intention to complete each course topic. Using clustering techniques, we identified two distinct groups of learners in the three MOOCs based on self-efficacy and task-value variables: higher-motivation group and lower-motivation group. The higher-motivation group achieved significantly higher grades in two of the MOOCs, and also adhered to their initial completion intention significantly more so than the lower-motivation group. We posit that MOOC completion research should consider learners’ topic-level interest as one success criterion. Further research can clarify perceived task-value in relation to learners’ existing knowledge, their learning goals, and learning outcomes related to the MOOC participation.Nous avons examiné comment, dans les cours en ligne ouverts à tous (CLOT), les facteurs de motivation des apprenants, leur autoefficacité et leur valeur tâche étaient reliés à leurs progrès et à leur achèvement du cours selon l’intention initiale d’achèvement du cours des apprenants. Dans trois CLOT, les apprenants ont rempli un sondage avant le début du cours pour indiquer leur degré de valeur tâche et d’autoefficacité, ainsi que leur intention de compléter chaque sujet du cours. À l’aide de techniques agglomératives, nous avons cerné deux groupes distincts d’apprenants dans trois CLOT selon les variables de la valeur tâche et de l’autoefficacité : un groupe à plus forte motivation, et un groupe dont la motivation était plus faible. Le groupe dont la motivation était plus élevée a obtenu des notes considérablement plus élevées dans deux CLOT et, dans deux cours, ont adhéré à leur intention initiale d’achèvement considérablement plus que le groupe dont la motivation était moindre. Nous posons en principe que la recherche sur l’achèvement des CLOT devrait tenir compte de l’intérêt des apprenants sur le plan des sujets comme étant un critère de réussite. De plus amples recherches pourraient clarifier la valeur tâche perçue relativement aux connaissances préalables des apprenants, à leurs objectifs d’apprentissage et aux résultats d’apprentissage liés à la participation aux CLOT.
Maitrise d’outils technologiques : son influence sur la compétence TIC des enseignants et les usages pédagogiques | Mastery of Digital Tools: The Influence on Information and Communication Technologies Competency and Pedagogical Use
Authors: Stockless Alain , Villeneuve Stéphane , Gingras Benjamin
Published: September 2018

L’utilisation des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) en contexte éducatif est un enjeu important pour les enseignants du préscolaire-primaire et du secondaire au Québec. Dans cette recherche, nous avons examiné dans quelle mesure la maitrise d’outils numériques peut prédire des usages pédagogiques déclarés. Nous avons également étudié la relation prédictive entre le niveau déclaré de maitrise des outils numériques par les enseignants et leur compétence professionnelle à intégrer les TIC. Les régressions montrent que la maitrise du tableau numérique interactif prédit positivement des usages pédagogiques du numérique et une bonne maitrise de la compétence à intégrer les TIC.The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) is an important issue for many preschool, elementary, and secondary school teachers in Québec. In this study, we examined to what extent the mastery of digital tools can predict reported pedagogical usage. Also, we used the level of mastery of digital tools by teachers as a variable to assess the predictive impact of the components of professional competence on the integration of ICT. The results of the regression indicate that the mastery of the interactive whiteboard positively predicts the pedagogical use of ICTs as well as a good mastery of the integration of ICTs.
Quantifying the effect of interactions in quantum many-body systems
Authors: Pachos Jiannis , Papic Zlatko
Published: September 2018

Free fermion systems enjoy a privileged place in physics. With their
simple structure they can explain a variety of effects, ranging from
insulating and metallic behaviours to superconductivity and the integer
quantum Hall effect. Interactions, e.g. in the form of Coulomb
repulsion, can dramatically alter this picture by giving rise to
emerging physics that may not resemble free fermions. Examples of such
phenomena include high-temperature superconductivity, fractional quantum
Hall effect, Kondo effect and quantum spin liquids. The non-perturbative
behaviour of such systems remains a major obstacle to their theoretical
understanding that could unlock further technological applications.
Here, we present a pedagogical review of “interaction distance"
[Nat. Commun. 8, 14926 (2017)] – a systematic
method that quantifies the effect interactions can have on the energy
spectrum and on the quantum correlations of generic many-body systems.
In particular, the interaction distance is a diagnostic tool that
identifies the emergent physics of interacting systems. We illustrate
this method on the simple example of a two-site Fermi-Hubbard model.
Natamycin in the treatment of chronic recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis associated with intestinal candidiasis
Authors: Malova I. O. , Kuznetsova Yu. A.
Published: September 2018

This article discusses the natamycin therapy outcomes in 50 patients with a combination of chronic recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (CRVC) and intestinal candidiasis dysbiosis (ICD) and analyses the features of the clinical manifestations of CRVC against the background of the ICD, the species composition and sensitivity patterns of Candida cultures isolated from women with vaginal and intestinal discharge to various antimycotics.
Prevention of venous thromboembolic complications in obstetrics and gynecology
Authors: Shen N. P.
Published: September 2018

Venous thromboembolic complications (VTEC) manifested as pulmonary embolism (PE) or deep vein thrombosis (DVT) are a serious and potentially fatal disease. Treatment and prevention of VTEO in obstetric practice is complicated by the need to take into account the condition of the fetus, as well as maternal risk factors in making tactical decisions. Despite the fact that the absolute VTEC indices in this population are small, obstetric-associated VTEC are an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. This problem is even more important in gynaecology. Based on the evidence-based medicine data and the author’s practical experience, the article presents clinical recommendations on the prevention and treatment of VTEC related to obstetric and gynaecological practices based on existing guidelines and expert opinions.
Spasmolytic therapy for primary dysmenorrhea
Authors: Kulagina N. V.
Published: September 2018

Purpose of the study. Perform a brief review of the published works devoted to the evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of drotaverine hydrochloride in the treatment of abdominal cramping caused by primary dysmenorrhea, and an analysis of the use of obtained data in the clinical obstetrician-gynecologist practice.

Materials and methods. The authors performed PubMed searches to find foreign and domestic articles using the keywords “dysmenorrhea”, “spasmolytic therapy”, “drotaverine”, “spasm”, “pain”. The analysis of the clinical studies showed the effectiveness of spasmolytic therapy of primary dysmenorrhea with drotaverin hydrochloride.

Conclusion. Drotaverine hydrochloride can be recommended as an effective and safe first-choice drug to treat primary dysmenorrhea.
Estradiol valerate and dienogest in hormonal contraception. Acceptability and effectiveness in real clinical practice
Authors: Dovletkhanova E. R. , Prilepskaya V. N.
Published: September 2018

The combined hormonal contraceptives are now one of the most effective methods of preventing unwanted pregnancies. They provide high contraceptive reliability, accessibility and ease of use, reversibility of effects, safety of use. Modern hormonal contraceptives provide additional therapeutic and prophylactic effects in various conditions. A new combined oral contraceptive Qlaira® was developed in the course of thorough scientific studies. The article presents the experience in using a combined hormonal contraceptive containing estradiol valerate and dienogest – Qlaira® (E2V/DNG). The observations showed high contraceptive effectiveness, acceptability and tolerability.
The use of folates for the prevention of fetal growth restriction during pregnancy
Authors: Kan N. E. , Khachatryan Z. V. , Tyutyunnik V. L. , Lomova N. A. , Donnikov A. E.
Published: September 2018

Purpose of the study: Rational for the use of folates for the prevention of fetal growth restriction on the basis of the identification of a MTHFR polymorphism.

Material and methods: 200 patients (case-control) were enrolled in the study. The (main) group I included 100 patients with fetal growth restriction (FGR), the (control) group II included 100 conditionally healthy patients. The features of the anamnesis, the initial clinical characteristics, the course of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period in patients with placental insufficiency were studied in detail, and the features of the early neonatal period were analysed comprehensively. At the second stage, the polymorphism of the MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, and MTHFR genes was studied and their dependence with the development of the FGR was established. Statistical processing of the results was carried out on a personal computer using the SPSS Statistics 17.0 for Windows software package.

Results:The clinical risk factors for the development of FGR include: chronic pyelonephritis, medium degree myopia, varicose veins, threat of abortion, ultrasound-detected subchorionic hemorrhage in the I trimester of gestation, anemia. Along with clinical risk factors for ZRP, the carriage of MTGFR (677 C> T) polymorphism is also considered, which justifies its identification in patients at risk.

Conclusion: The data obtained make it possible to use the identification of MTHFR polymorphism as a predictor of placental abnormalities during pregnancy and to start taking folic acid supplements at the preconception stage in good time. Femibion 1 vitaminmineral complex has proved to be an effective product that is suitable for women in the period of preparation for pregnancy and in the first trimester of gestation, reducing the risk of fetal malformations and endothelial dysfunction caused by a violation of folic acid metabolism.
Iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy and its correction
Authors: Vavina O. V. , Puchko T. K. , Umralieva M. A.
Published: September 2018

The frequency of anaemia in pregnant women varies from 15 to 30%, iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the most common disorder, it accounts for about 90% of all anaemia. Iron deficiency adversely affects the course of pregnancy, childbirth, the postpartum period, the condition of the fetus and the newborn. The main complications of pregnancy in IDA are threatened miscarriage (20–42%); preeclampsia (40%); premature separation of placenta (25–35%); intrauterine growth restriction (25%); premature birth (11–42%).

Daily intake of iron-containing drugs is more effective in preventing anaemia in mothers, and in reducing the risk of giving birth to children with low body weight. Daily iron supplementation in preventive programs may reduce the risk of anaemia in the mother at the time of delivery by 70%. It is preferable to take supplements that contain bivalent iron and possess a high degree of absorption, good tolerance by patients and minimal risk of side effects. Complex supplements containing vitamins and microelements are recommended for the treatment and prevention of IDA in pregnant women. Sorbifer Durules is one of such supplements. The Sorbifer Durules therapy of IDA in pregnant is highly effective treatment of therapy, which leads to normalization of hemogram parameters, improvement of the general condition of patients, reduction of obstetric and neonatal complications.
Incidence and prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia
Authors: Zhorova V. E. , Khilkevich E. G.
Published: September 2018

Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is one of the most common complications in pregnancy. It is known that IDA has an adverse effect on the condition of the mother, fetus and new-borns. The article presents modern views of the aetiology, pathogenesis, prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia, describes the clinical manifestations of this condition. The rational of treatment of IDA with modern ferric iron supplements is substantiated. It is shown that IDA therapy in pregnant and puerperal women with Maltofer is highly effective, leads to normalization of hemogram parameters, improvement of general condition, and reduction of obstetric and neonatal complications.
Use of fluconazole in women of reproductive age with vulvovaginal candidiasis
Authors: Mezhevitinova E. A. , Abakarova P. R. , Pogosyan Sh. M.
Published: September 2018

Topicality: vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common disease caused by the infectious damage of the vulva and vagina by yeast-like fungi from Candida genus. According to the literature, a VVC episode occurs in 75% of women, and 5-8% of them get a recurring course of the disease. Frequent recurrences of the disease may result in the psychosexual disorder and reduce the women’s quality of life and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) therapy is still a very difficult task.

Purpose of the study: evaluate the efficacy of fluconazole (150 mg) in acute and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Materials and methods:A total of 89 women of reproductive age with acute and recurrent HCV were enrolled in the study, which were subdivided into 2 groups: the first group included women with acute vulvovaginal candidiasis (AVVC) (n = 51), and the second group - women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) (n = 38). The Group I (AVVC) received fluconazole 150 mg once. Depending on the prescribed therapy, the second group (RVVC) was subdivided into two subgroups: patients in the IIa subgroup received fluconazole 150 mg intravenously, three times, at intervals of 2 days, and women in the IIb subgroup received fluconazole 150 mg for a period of 6 months in addition to the three-fold intake of fluconazole weekly. The follow-up period was 6 months after the end of therapy, during which the frequency of VVC recurrence and the effectiveness of the therapy was evaluated.

Results of the study: our data showed that all patients with acute VVC had a discontinuation of symptoms of the disease and a normalization of laboratory parameters after treatment with fluconazole, and after the anti-relapse therapy course the incidence of VVC recurrences was significantly lower compared to the period before anti-relapse therapy (p = 0.038). It was shown that all the investigated strains of C. albicans (100%) were sensitive to fluconazole, and resistance was detected only in 1 strain of C. glabrata and 1 strain of C. krusei.
Selection of non-invasive load procedure in diagnosis of ischemic heart disease (review)
Authors: Lupanov V. P.
Published: September 2018

The diagnosis of stable ischemic heart disease begins with a careful clinical examination of the patient and non-invasive testing to identify the disease. Patients with very low and very high pretest probability should not undergo various non-invasive tests. Various non-invasive tests are available to assess the presence of coronary heart disease in patients with an intermediate probability of ischemic heart disease (15–65%). The combination of anatomical with functional non-invasive tests helps improve diagnostic capabili of the disease.
Myocarditis as a cause of chronic heart failure
Authors: Filippov E. V.
Published: September 2018

The article is devoted to the diagnosis and management of patients with myocarditis, and its role in the development of chronic heart failure (CHF). It also determined the role of specific therapy and approaches to the treatment of CHF in patients with this pathology.
Estudo experimental: comparando as propriedades e a viabilidade econômica entre concretos convencionais utilizados em patos de minas e concretos de alto desempenho
Authors: Silva Gean Fernandes da
Published: September 2018

O presente trabalho visa avaliar experimentalmente a performancedo concreto de alto desempenho, estudando suas propriedades mecânicas como resistência a compressão e deformação, além de avaliar seu custo benefício, comparando esses parâmetros com um concreto comumente utilizado. Sendo assim, foram feitos 8 corpos de prova de concreto com 4 traços diferentes: 3 classificados como concreto de alto desempenho e 1 como concreto convencional. Após moldados, com idades de 14, 21,24 e 28 dias, os corpos de prova foram submetidos ao ensaio de compressão. Após a obtenção dos resultados, uma cotação foi feita para se obter o custo por metro cúbico de cada tipo de concreto e posteriormente realizou-se uma comparação entre propriedades mecânicas e custos de ambos. Os resultados obtidos enfatizaram as vantagens do concreto de alto desempenho quando comparado com o concreto convencional. Entretanto, o custo benefício para o mesmo se mostrou muito superior, o que torna seu uso limitado.
Utilização do GPR para mapeamento não destrutivo de estrutura de concreto
Authors: Casagrande Emerson , Almeida Luiz CArlos de , Trautwein Leandro Mouta , Santos Antônio Carlos dos
Published: September 2018

Ao longo dos anos, técnicas de ensaios não destrutivos foram desenvolvidas, visando o monitoramento e a avaliação das condições construtivas de estruturas de concreto armado. Na construção civil, as aplicações destes ensaios são para verificar as resistências à compressão, determinar o posicionamento e localização de vigas e pilares. Uma alternativa para investigação de estrutura de concreto armado é a utilização do sistema GPR (Ground Penetration Radar), que realiza a inspeção com leitura continua e de forma não destrutiva do elemento a ser estudado, tendo como resultado uma análise completa, sem a necessidade de interpolações. Pode localizar a posição ou determinar a profundidade de qualquer objeto incorporado à estrutura de concreto. Os alvos incluem armaduras, cabos, conduites, vazios, fraturas, etc.. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo mostrar estudo realizado em laboratório com o Ground Penetration Radar (GPR) como um método de ensaio não destrutivo na detecção de armaduras em estruturas de concreto armado e verificação de sua eficácia. Esse estudo foi realizado em uma placa de concreto com as dimensões e posicionamento das armaduras previamente conhecidas para validação do método. Foi utilizado o sistema GPR modelo SIR-3000 (GSSI) acoplado a uma antena de 1,6 GHz para a inspeção. O processamento dos dados coletados foram realizados no programa computacional RADAN (Radar Data Analyzer).
Importância na regulação da temperatura corporal aplicada à prática de atividade física
Authors: Camargo Wagner Pires , Pontes Ana CArolina Gonçalves , Alves Ingrid Barrto , Murray Ana Cristina de Souza
Published: September 2018

Termorregulação e seus aspectos e mecanismos, físicos, fisiológicos e patológicos associados à prática de atividades físicas. Os mecanismos de defesa do corpo estão em constante trabalho para manter normotermia, utilizando sensores localizados na pele para cada tipo de situação; através de vias aferentes e eferentes, o hipotálamo trabalha para manter sempre à homeostasia na temperatura central, na tentativa de evitar a desregulação que pode ocasionar a morte. Devemos tomar cuidados necessários, como, vestimentas adequadas para a prática de atividades físicas, evitar praticar atividades em temperaturas extremas, além de outros fatores que podem ocasionar hipertermia ou hipotermia, levando à necrose celular e/ ou a morte.
Pre-formulation study of shampoo for treatment of androgenetic alopecia containing caffeine as active ingredient
Authors: Amaral Adrielle Sousa , Ferreira Lillian de Abreu
Published: September 2018

A alopecia androgenética se caracteriza pela perda progressiva dos cabelos. Para o tratamento tópico, a via folicular é considerada a mais rápida para a disponibilização dos ativos. Recentemente, alguns estudos mostraram que a cafeína possui efeitos benéficos em pacientes acometidos por esta condição. O objetivo foi realizar um estudo de pré-formulação de shampoo contendo cafeína para tratamento da alopecia androgenética. Foi realizada a manipulação da base em shampoo para a veiculação do ativo cafeína, e sua estabilidade foi analisada através de parâmetros físico-químicos pré-determinados. As amostras foram mantidas nas temperaturas 5 ± 2ºC, 40 ± 2ºC e 20 ± 2ºC por 15 dias. A formulação apresentou boa aparência e homogeneidade nos tempos T0, T7 e T15, viscosidade de 11386 mPa.s, pH 6,28 e densidade 1,024 g/mL, mantendo-se estável até a última análise, sendo a formulação proposta viável ao universo magistral
Transtornos do autismo: uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Souza Rosângela Francisca de , Teixeira Ana Paula Calixto , Costa Juliana Cassia
Published: September 2018

O autismo é uma síndrome que apresenta certas características específicas como o isolamento social, déficit cognitivo, dificuldade no aprendizado, sendo frequente na classe masculina, podendo causar diversos transtornos de desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os transtornos ocasionados pelo autismo,ressaltando-se todas as características clínicas e o tratamento de cada um destes. O estudo foi feito através de uma revisão integrativa que avaliou-se osartigos publicados no cenário científico conforme a temática proposta para a discussão do presente assunto. Conclui-se que o estudo é de relevância mundial, sendo fundamental o desenvolvimento de novos estudos para promover o conhecimento das pessoas sobre os transtornos do autismo, para estas serem informadas da importância de se realizar o tratamento de forma correta, minimizando o surgimento de reações severas que possam prejudicar o desenvolvimento intelectual.
A violência de gênero no jornalismo de celebridade: uma análise do caso
kesha vs. dr. luke
Authors: Defensor Pedro Henrique Lobato , Andrade Ivanise Hilbig de
Published: September 2018

O caso Kesha vs. Dr. Luke repercutiu nos portais de notícia de todo o mundo, principalmente nos veículos de jornalismo de celebridade, entre 2014 e 2016. Durante esse período, matérias também estamparam o nome da cantora norte-americana nas manchetes com temáticas como a forma física e vestimentas. A partir do caso, este trabalho realiza uma análise sobre a influência da midiatização na produção de conteúdo dos portais Ego, OK! Magazine e Us Weekly e como isso afeta na seleção e discussão de temas importantes para a sociedade.
Professionalism on teacher’s perception
Authors: Kusmaryani Rosita Endang , Siregar Juke R , Widjaja Hanna , Jatnika Ratna
Published: September 2018

Regarding the phenomenon of teacher’s professionalism in Yogyakarta that is considered to be low, this study aims to explore the perceptions of teacher related to that matter. This research uses quantitative and qualitative approach with descriptive research type. Data were collected through open-questionnaires and interviews. The subject in this study consists of 74 teachers in Yogyakarta that includes public elementary school teachers, junior high school teachers and high school teachers. It is found that, based on teacher perceptions: (1) Professionalism includes expertise, social ability, self-integrity and productive behavior. (2) Teacher understands the term professional teacher better than teacher professionalism.
YERLEŞKE İÇİ ACİL DURUM TOPLANMA YERLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ: SÜLEYMAN DEMİREL ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Yalçıner Çal Damla , Aydemir Erdal
Published: September 2018

Bu çalışmada, Isparta ilinde
bulunan Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi’nin acil durum toplanma yerlerinin
belirlenmesi ve üniversite birimlerinin bu toplanma merkezlerine dağıtılması
problemi ele alınmaktadır. Isparta ilinde meydana gelebilecek afet durumunda
üniversitede profesyonel ekiplerin olay yerine intikal edene kadar geçen
sürede, üniversite içinde kişilerin kendileri için belirlenen (atandıkları)
acil durum toplanma yerlerine geçmeleri amaçlanmıştır. İlgili birimlerin
belirlenen alanlara dağıtımı sürecinde gri kümeleme yöntemi kullanılmış ve acil
durum toplanma yerlerine dağıtım için önerilen beş farklı modele göre alanların
kapasite kullanım oranlarını da dikkate alan dağıtım planı elde edilmiştir.
Sonuçlar, detaylıca değerlendirilmiş ve ilgili birimlere bildirilmiştir.
TEMAS PROBLEMLERİNDE SONLU ELEMANLAR YÖNTEMİNİN DOĞRULUĞUNUN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Yaylacı Murat , Terzi Cemalettin
Published: September 2018

Bu
çalışmada, ANSYS ve ABAQUS yazılımları kullanılarak rijit bir panç ile bir
elastik yarım düzlem üzerine bağlanmış birbirine bağlı iki tabakanın simetrik
temas problemi dikkate alındı. Tabakalar farklı elastik sabit ve yüksekliklere
sahiptir. Dış yük üst elastik tabakaya rijit bir panç vasıtasıyla uygulandı. Bu
problem iki elastik tabaka arasında ve rijit panç arasındaki temasın
sürtünmesiz olduğu ve yerçekimi kuvvetinin etkisinin ihmal edildiği
varsayımıyla çözüldü. Sayısal uygulamalar sonlu eleman yöntemine dayanan ANSYS
ve ABAQUS yazılımları ile çözüldü. Temas uzunlukları ve temas gerilmeleri
farklı yük, malzeme ve geometri parametrelerine göre elde edildi ve sonuçlar
tablo ve grafikler halinde verildi. Bu sonuçlar literatürdeki (Adıbelli, 2010)
ilgili temas probleminin analitik sonuçlarıyla karşılaştırılarak doğrulandı.