bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patrimonio cultural y territorio desdela gestión cultural del Club de Caminantes Cusco: un acercamiento a través de la cultura viva comunitaria
Authors:   Universidad San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Serrano Paucarmayta Luis
Published: January 2024

Club de Caminantes Cusco (CCQ) is a multidisciplinary group that through its activities raises a debate around concepts such as cultural heritage and territory, which are relevant to the intervention of cultural management and different disciplines. The walk and other local paradigms based on community living culture function as models of integral alternative education that allow understanding these notions from a local perspective. The objective of this article is to detail the learning process from the three stages of development of the CCQ: 1) as a way of learning and exploring concepts related to territory and heritage, 2) as an activity that promotes multidisciplinary dialogue of these concepts, and 3) as a way of multidisciplinary work with other communities of community living culture. The conceptualization of this cultural management is gathered thanks to the testimonies of different members of the CCQ and allies. The main finding of this process is that the community living culture activities allow us to know the type of relationship we want to have with the heritage and the territory; they also promote the idea of a living territory or heritage, and as a consequence, a sense of belonging and cultural relevance for any process of multidisciplinary intervention.
Actualización del inventario de monumentos en espacios públicos en la ciudad de Ibagué, Colombia
Authors:   Universidad Antonio Nariño, Guarnizo Sánchez Néstor Andrés , Mosquera Muñoz Sandy Angelina ,   Universidad de Ibagué, Rubiano Pimiento Mishell Paola ,   Universidad Antonio Nariño
Published: January 2024

This research study focused on the identificationand detailed characterization of movable property in the city of Ibagué, following the guidelines provided by the Colombian Ministry of Culture. The methodology implemented included a rigorous cartographic and photographic record of monuments located in public spaces. A qualitative approach was used that involved the review of legal aspects at the local, national, and international levels, as well as fundamental concepts related to heritage conservation. The research process included the delimitation of the study area and the creation of a preliminary list, followed by the detailed development of inventory sheets. This provided an in-depth understanding of the origins, history, materiality, dimensions, and other significant aspects of each monument studied.In addition, special attention was paid to the value of these assets in the local context, and their importance in the configuration of the urban landscape and the construction of the cultural identity of the musical capital was recognized. This work not only contributes to the knowledge of the city's movable heritage, but also underlines the relevance and intrinsic value of these assets in the public space, highlighting their role in the preservation of cultural identity and the historical legacy of future generations.
Descentralizar la cultura: el Complejo Cultural Bosque de Chapultepec, Ciudad de México
Authors:   Universidad del Claustro de Sor Juana, Ontiveros Melgar María Sandra
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this research is to analyze the institutional discourse of the Ministry of Culture of theMexicanFederal Government regarding the presidential project:Chapultepec Park Cultural Complex. Nature and Culture, in Mexico City, and its position of decentralization in relation to the budget allocated to carry it out, in order to evidence the inconsistencies in its approach and exercise. Through a documentary analysis, it has been detected that said governmental dependency, in the 2018-2024 period, has insisted that such project complies with that stance due to the impact it will have on the rest of the country, through the implementation of calls, circuits and tours. This document shows how, even with the long lists of attention to citizens and employment or support to creators, it contributes to the high concentration of cultural infrastructure in Mexico City, as well as to a disproportionate budget allocation for its development, whose tangible results have been frequently postponed.
Implementación del método de hundimientos por subniveles para incrementar la productividad en la explotación de los yacimientos de carbón antracita del Callejón de Huaylas – 2018
Authors: Castillejo Melgarejo Ricardo Cayo , Sotelo Montes Javier Enrrique , Domínguez Flores Antonio Mariano , Romero Vega Walter Nicolaw , Castillejo Melgarejo Raúl Edgar , Huamán Romero Lourdes Liz
Published: January 2024

El proyecto consiste en implementar el método de explotación de Hundimiento por subniveles en los yacimientos de carbón antracita ubicados en el departamento de Áncash, Perú. Este método permite mejorar la productividad, reducir los costos y garantizar la seguridad y salud ocupacional de los trabajadores. Para ello, se realizó la caracterización geomecánica del macizo rocoso y del mineral según el sistema propuesto por Bieniawski (RMR). Se obtuvieron valores de RMR techo 50, RMR piso 49 y RMR mineral 33, que indican las condiciones favorables para el método. Se compararon los indicadores de productividad (KPI) antes y después de la implementación del método, utilizando la prueba estadística t-student con un nivel de significación del 5%. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la mano de obra, explosivos, sostenimiento, consumo energético y consumo de aire comprimido. Se concluyó que el método de Hundimiento por subniveles es factible y beneficioso para los yacimientos de carbón antracita.
Efectividad de Sansevieria trifasciata y Spathiphyllum para purificar el formaldehído en ambientes interiores
Authors: Ortega Quispe Kevin Abner , Pacheco Huaman Madeleynee , Quispe Rivera Ana María , Lozano Povis Arlitt , Monago Torres Kelly
Published: January 2024

Se analizó la reducción del formaldehído, como contaminante común del aire interior, mediante dos especies de plantas ornamentales: Sansevieria trifasciata y Spathiphyllum. El estudio se llevó a cabo en una cámara hermética, donde se midió el formaldehído cada media hora durante 22 horas utilizando un medidor de formaldehído. Los resultados revelaron que la combinación de ambas plantas fue la más efectiva, logrando una absorción del 98% en 22 horas, con 92,5% durante el día y 84,5% durante la noche. El Spathiphyllum redujo el 96% en 22 horas, con 91,5% durante el día y 74,75% durante la noche. Mientras tanto, la Sansevieria trifasciata disminuyó el 75,75% en 22 horas, con 57% en el día y 46,5% por la noche. Estos resultados resaltan la importancia de las plantas en la mejora de la calidad del aire, siendo la combinación de Sansevieria trifasciata y Spathiphyllum la más eficiente. Las variables de exposición a la luz y tiempo de exposición de las plantas al formaldehído también influyeron en su capacidad de reducción del contaminante. En conclusión, se demuestra el potencial de utilizar estas especies de plantas como una solución amigable con el ambiente para reducir la contaminación del aire interior y proteger la salud poblacional
Áreas de inundación por ocurrencia de avenidas máximas en la subcuenca Milagros, Yungay, Perú
Authors: Revelo Sánchez Gerardo Máximo , Reyes Roque Reynaldo Melquiades , Colonia Cerna Pedro Alejandro , Mejía Anaya Teófanes , Jara Remigio Flor Ángela
Published: January 2024

Las inundaciones de las áreas agrícolas y viviendas del caserío de Cañasbamba representa un problema debido al desbordamiento de las aguas de la quebrada Milagros en temporadas de precipitaciones extremas. En esta investigación, el objetivo es determinar las áreas de inundación por ocurrencia de avenidas máximas en la subcuenca Milagros. Mediante la modelización hidrológico con HEC-HMS 4.9 se ha obtenido caudales extremos de 9 – 11 – 13,4 – 16,9 y 20 m3/seg para periodos de retorno de 50 – 100 – 200 - 500 y 1000 años respectivamente. Se realizó el trabajo de campo para obtener información topográfica, reológica y coeficiente de rugosidad. Teniendo los hidrogramas de avenidas y la información de campo, se procedió al modelamiento hidráulico con FLO-2D para flujos hiperconcentrados, donde los resultados mostraron que las profundidades máximas alcanzadas por el flujo son de 1,81 – 2,04 – 2,18 – 2,35 y 2,50 m para los periodos de retorno de antes mencionados. Se ha determinado las áreas de inundación en el caserío de Cañasbamba de 3,43 – 3,80 – 4,13 – 4,60 y 5,23 Ha para los cinco periodos de retorno indicados.
COURT-ANNEXED MEDIATION IN RESOLVING DISPUTES RELATING TO FAMILY IN MALAYSIA: WHAT WE NEED TO KNOW BEFORE WE GO FORWARD
Authors: Chow Jen-T'chiang Norman Zakiyy
Published: January 2024

This article aims to, firstly, introduce court-annexed mediation in resolving family disputes in Malaysia. Secondly, it will attempt to identify the advantages and disadvantages of court-annexed mediation to resolve disputes relating to family matters, both in the Syariah and Civil Courts in Malaysia. Thirdly, it will provide recommendations to promote CAM. A study was made on the important aspects pertinent to the conduct of mediation in the form of sulh at the Syariah Courts in the State of Selangor which shares uniformed sulh processes used in other syariah courts from other states. Results of the study indicated that the current implementation of CAM in the Syariah Court is guided by a comprehensive set of statutory rules pertaining to sulh whereas the Civil Court is not guided even by a Mediation Act. In addition to that, the study also showed that there are similarities in terms of mediation process practiced in Majlis Sulh with the recommended practices of mediation.
Developing An Interactive Chemistry E-module Based on Problem-based Learning to Improve Critical Thinking Skills of High School Students
Authors: Asmi Andalia , Silaban Saronom , Silaban Ramlan
Published: January 2024

This study aims to develop an interactive chemistry E-module based on problem-based learning (PBL) to improve the critical thinking skills of high school students in class X and measure its feasibility. This research used the research and development method with the ADDIE model, which consists of 5 stages (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The tools used in this study were test tools and non-test tools, namely modified BSNP standard verification sheets and essay questions. The data analysis techniques used in this research were qualitative and quantitative. The results of the feasibility test from the materials specialist instructors, and chemistry teachers, as well as media specialists, an average result of 82.7% met the "very fair" criterion. An average result of 93.12% met the "highly feasible" criterion. Based on classroom learning experiments, the E-module can improve students' critical thinking skills by achieving an N gain value of 0.48 in the medium category. It was also evidence of a 55% increase in students' average critical thinking ability score using electronic modules and belonging to the critical category. When learning with the E module, a significant difference occurs at the significance level α=0.000.
Pengaruh Variasi Fraksi Volume Komposit Serat Sabut Kelapa Matrik Polyester Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik
Authors: Zarviansyah Putra , Juanda Juanda , Pranandita Nanda
Published: January 2024

In the era of the use of technology that is currently developing. Has a major impact on the use of fiber as a composite material. One of the widely used fibers is coconut coir. Coconut coir is a natural fiber material that can be an alternative choice in the manufacture of composites. The purpose of this study was to obtain optimal tensile test values of coco fiber composite materials with variations in volume fraction of 3%, 5% and 7% and fiber lengths of 10 mm, 15 mm and 20 mm. This study analyzes the effect of variations in the volume fraction and fiber length of coconut coir with a polyester matrix on tensile testing using the Taguchi method. This tensile test was carried out using the ASTM D638 standard with the hand lay-up method. Factors that affect the tensile strength of coco fiber are volume fraction and fiber length. The combination of levels of factors that produce the average value and variance of the tensile strength of coconut coir fiber, namely the volume fraction factor (B) level 1, namely the volume fraction of 3% with a value of 30.933 and the fiber length factor (A) level 2, namely the fiber length of 15 mm with the most optimum value of 29.633.
Rejection of the Use of Thought Experiment in Physics
Authors: Soltani Abolfazl
Published: January 2024

In physics, whenever we cannot do an experiment in the real world for physical, technological, financial or ethical reasons, we use "thought experiment". In this letter, we prove that sometimes a thought experiment may lead us to the wrong results; and to achieve the definitive and reliable results, all experiments must be done in the real world. Here we prove that thought analysis of an experiment before performing in the real world, namely thought experiment, is a wrong work.
Silicon and gadolinium co-doped hydroxyapatite/PLGA scaffolds with osteoinductive and MRI dual functions
Authors: Xie Shaodong , Guo Min , Zeng Deming , Luo Hanwen , Zhong Ping , Deng Zixuan , Wang Yu , Xu Zhiqiang , Zhang Peibiao
Published: January 2024

Introduction: An ideal bone repair scaffold should have dual functions of osteoinductive ability and in vivo imaging. In this study, the simultaneous substitution of silicon (Si) and gadolinium (Gd) in hydroxyapatite (HA) as potential multifunctional bone graft materials has been successfully developed.

Methods: A series of HA nanoparticles (HA NPs) doped with different proportions of Si and Gd were prepared. The chemical structure and phase composition of the materials were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microstructure, magnetic properties, surface potential, and cytotoxicity of the materials were also analyzed. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) effect of Gd&Si-HA/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (Gd&Si-HA/PLGA) composite materials was evaluated. Osteogenic-related gene expression, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level, and mineralization capacity of MC3T3-E1 cultured on Gd&Si-HA/PLGA composite materials were also detected.

Results and Discussion: The 1.5Gd&Si-HA@PLGA group showed good ability to promote osteogenic differentiation of cells. The MRI effect of the 1.5Gd&Si-HA@PLGA scaffold was observable. This HA material containing Si and Gd co-doping has a broad application prospect in the field of bone tissue engineering owing to its ability to enhance osteoinductive property and improve MRI effect.
JNK signaling and integrins cooperate to maintain cell adhesion during epithelial fusion in Drosophila
Authors: Karkali Katerina , Pastor-Pareja Jose Carlos , Martin-Blanco Enrique
Published: January 2024

The fusion of epithelial sheets is an essential and conserved morphogenetic event that requires the maintenance of tissue continuity. This is secured by membrane-bound or diffusible signals that instruct the epithelial cells, in a coordinated fashion, to change shapes and adhesive properties and when, how and where to move. Here we show that during Dorsal Closure (DC) in Drosophila, the Jun kinase (JNK) signaling pathway modulates integrins expression and ensures tissue endurance. An excess of JNK activity, as an outcome of a failure in the negative feedback implemented by the dual-specificity phosphatase Puckered (Puc), promotes the loss of integrins [the ß-subunit Myospheroid (Mys)] and amnioserosa detachment. Likewise, integrins signal back to the pathway to regulate the duration and strength of JNK activity. Mys is necessary for the regulation of JNK activity levels and in its absence, puc expression is downregulated and JNK activity increases.
High pressure study of sodium trihydride
Authors: Marqueño Tomas , Kuzovnikov Mikhail A. , Osmond Israel , Dalladay-Simpson Phillip , Hermann Andreas , Howie Ross T. , Peña-Alvarez Miriam
Published: January 2024

The reactivity between NaH and H2 has been investigated through a series of high-temperature experiments up to pressures of 78 GPa in diamond anvil cells combined with first principles calculations. Powder X-ray diffraction measurements show that heating NaH in an excess of H2 to temperatures around 2000 K above 27 GPa yields sodium trihydride (NaH3), which adopts an orthorhombic structure (space group Cmcm). Raman spectroscopy measurements indicate that NaH3 hosts quasi-molecular hydrogen (H2δ−) within a NaH lattice, with the H2δ− stretching mode downshifted compared to pure H2 (Δν ∼−120 cm−1 at 50 GPa). NaH3 is stable under room temperature compression to at least 78 GPa, and exhibits remarkable P-T stability, decomposing at pressures below 18 GPa. Contrary to previous experimental and theoretical studies, heating NaH (or NaH3) in excess H2 between 27 and 75 GPa does not promote further hydrogenation to form sodium polyhydrides other than NaH3.
Possible modulating functions of probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in particulate matter-associated pulmonary inflammation
Authors: Gupta Nishant , Abd EL-Gawaad N.S. , Osman Abdallah Suhad Ali , Al-Dossari M.
Published: January 2024

Pulmonary disease represents a substantial global health burden. Increased air pollution, especially fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is the most concerned proportion of air pollutants to respiratory health. PM2.5 may carry or combine with other toxic allergens and heavy metals, resulting in serious respiratory allergies and anaphylactic reactions in the host. Available treatment options such as antihistamines, steroids, and avoiding allergens/dust/pollutants could be limited due to certain side effects and immense exposure to air pollutants, especially in most polluted countries. In this mini-review, we summarized how PM2.5 triggers respiratory hyperresponsiveness and inflammation, and the probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum supplementation could minimize the risk of the same. L. plantarum may confer beneficial effects in PM2.5-associated pulmonary inflammation due to significant antioxidant potential. We discussed L. plantarum’s effect on PM2.5-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory cytokines, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage. Available preclinical evidence shows L. plantarum induces gut-lung axis, SCFA, GABA, and other neurotransmitter signaling via gut microbiota modulation. SCFA signals are important in maintaining lung homeostasis and regulating intracellular defense mechanisms in alveolar cells. However, significant research is needed in this direction to contemplate L. plantarum’s therapeutic potential in pulmonary allergies.
Comparison of left ventricular deformation abnormalities by echocardiography with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with acute myocarditis and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Kandels Joscha , Richter Sarah , Hagendorff Andreas , Kragholm Kristian , Tayal Bhupendar , Laufs Ulrich , Denecke Timm , Stöbe Stephan
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) represents the gold standard to detect myocarditis. Left ventricular (LV) deformation imaging provides additional diagnostic options presumably exceeding conventional transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). The present study aimed to analyze the feasibility to detect myocarditis in patients (pts) with preserved LV ejection fraction (LVEF) by TTE compared to cMRI. It has been hypothesized that the number of pathological findings by deformation imaging correspond to findings in cMRI.

Methods and results

Between January 2018 and February 2020 102 pts with acute myocarditis according to the modified Lake Louise criteria and early gadolinium enhancement (EGE) by cMRI were identified at the department of cardiology at the University Hospital Leipzig. Twenty-six pts were included in this retrospective comparative study based on specific selection criteria. Twelve pts with normal cMRI served as a control group. LV deformation was analyzed by global and regional longitudinal strain (GLS, rLS), global and regional circumferential and radial strain (GCS, rCS, GRS, rRS), and LV rotation (including layer strain analysis). All parameters were compared to findings of edema, inflammation, and fibrosis by cMRI according to Lake Louise criteria. All pts with acute myocarditis diagnosed by cMRI showed pathological findings in TTE. Especially rCS and LV rotation analyzed by regional layer strain exhibit a high concordance with pathological findings in cMRI. In controls no LV deformation abnormalities were documented. Mean values of GLS, GRS, and GCS were not significantly different between pts with acute myocarditis and controls.

Conclusion

This retrospective analysis documents the feasibility of detecting regional deformation abnormalities by echocardiography in patients with acute myocarditis confirmed by cMRI. The detection of pathological findings due to myocarditis requires the determination of regional deformation parameters, particularly rCS and LV rotation. The assessment of global strain values does not appear to be of critical value.
Immobilized cold-active enzymes onto magnetic chitosan microparticles as a highly stable and reusable carrier for p-xylene biodegradation
Authors: Miri Saba , Ravula Anupriya , Akhtarian Shiva , Davoodi Seyyed Mohammadreza , Brar Satinder Kaur , Martel Richard , Rouissi Tarek
Published: January 2024

Stability and reusability properties are the two most important factors that determine an enzyme’s application in industry. To this end, cold-active crude enzymes from a psychrophile (xylene monooxygenase (XMO) and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (C1,2D) were immobilized on magnetic chitosan microparticles for the first-time using glutaraldehyde as a linker. The potential application of enzyme-loaded magnetic particles to remove and detoxify dissolved p-xylene from water confirmed the synergistic mechanism of degradation for in-situ bioremediation in soil and water. Immobilization was optimized based on four variables, such as magnetic particle (MPs), chitosan, glutaraldehyde, and enzyme concentrations. The immobilized enzymes were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The immobilized enzymes showed improved pH tolerance ranging from 4.0 to 9.0, better temperature stability ranging from 5 to 50, higher storage stability (∼70% activity after 30 days of storage), and more importantly, reusability (∼40% activity after 10 repetitive cycles of usage) compared to their free form. Also, the immobilization of enzymes increased the effectiveness of the enzymatic treatment of p-xylene in soil (10,000 mg/kg) and water (200 mg/L) samples. As a result of the superior catalytic properties of immobilized XMO and C1,2D, they offer great potential for in situ or ex-situ bioremediation of pollutants in soil or water.
Efficient and eco-friendly treatment of wastewater through sustainable purification using agricultural waste and coagulation kinetic modelling
Authors: Varsani Vaishali G. , Vyas Suhas J. , Parmar Vijay , Dudhagara Dushyant , Gamit Sandip , Ali Daoud , Yadav Virendra Kumar , Sahoo Dipak Kumar , Patel Ashish
Published: January 2024

This scientific manuscript presents a comprehensive investigation into the purification of municipal sewage water through the utilization of agricultural waste materials [Arachis hypogaea shells (AHS), Triticum aestivum straw (TAS), and Gossypium herbaceum shells (GHS)]. The treatment process involved a modified approach with 24 hs of aeration and the addition of 1 gm of agricultural waste biomaterials. The performance of the bio-coagulant was evaluated by monitoring the reduction of physico−chemical parameters. AHS exhibited remarkable turbidity removal efficiency of 93.37%, supported by pseudo−first and pseudo−second−order kinetic modelling. The application of agricultural waste materials significantly reduced key parameters, including solids (up to 70%–80%), dissolved oxygen (DO) (50%), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (up to 90%). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed the significant positive loading of PC1 (84.71%) that influencing the dual treatments of wastewater. Statistical analysis (p ≤ 0.05) confirmed the effectiveness of agricultural biomaterials in sewage water treatment compared to pre−treated water. The turbidity coagulation pseudo−first−order and pseudo−second−order kinetic modelling also revealed the efficiency against turbidity reduction in municipal sewage water. The findings underscore the significance of utilizing agricultural waste materials for sustainable and efficient purification of municipal sewage water, addressing water pollution and enhancing wastewater treatment processes.
Revealing genetic diversity, population structure, and selection signatures of the Pacific oyster in Dalian by whole-genome resequencing
Authors: Mao Junxia , Tian Ying , Liu Qian , Li Danyang , Ge Xinfan , Wang Xubo , Hao Zhenlin
Published: January 2024

Introduction

The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), one of the major aquaculture shellfish worldwide, has strong environmental adaptability. However, genetic diversity and population structure of the Pacific oysters in Dalian Sea, the major natural and farming area of the species in China, has not been systematically investigated, especially at genome-wide level, limiting the conservation and management of the species.

Methods

In this study, whole-genome resequencing of 105 individuals from seven Pacific oyster populations, including five wild and one cultured populations in Dalian and one wild population in Qingdao relatively distant from others, were first performed.

Results

A total of 2,363,318 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Based on all these SNPs, similar but relatively low genetic diversity (0.2352~0.2527) was found in the seven populations. The principal component analysis (PCA), phylogenetic and population structure analysis consistently revealed weak differentiation among the seven populations. Frequent migration events were detected among the studied populations by TreeMix, which probably led to a high genetic similarity of these populations. Rapid linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay was observed in the genome of the Pacific oyster. Investigation of genome-wide selection signatures of these populations identified many selected genes involved in the biological processes related to DNA metabolism and stability, shell formation, and environmental stress response, which may be critical for oysters to adapt to the stressful environments.

Discussion

This study laid theoretical basis for the subsequent germplasm conservation, management and genetic breeding of the indigenous Pacific oysters, and provided novel insights for the adaptive evolutionary mechanism of oysters.
Major vault protein regulates tumor-associated macrophage polarization through interaction with signal transducer and activator of transcription 6
Authors: Yu Chen , Zhu Qingmei , Ma Caijiao , Luo Chuanjin , Nie Longyu , Cai Huanhuan , Wang Qiming , Wang Fubing , Ren Hong , Yan Huan , Xu Ke , Zhou Li , Zhang Caiyan , Lu Guoping , Lu Zhibing , Zhu Ying , Liu Shi
Published: January 2024

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are critical in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Major vault protein (MVP) mediates multidrug resistance, cell growth and development, and viral immunity. However, the relationship between MVP and TAMs polarization has not been clarified in HCC. We found that MVP significantly increased M2-TAMs infiltration levels in tumor tissues of HCC patients. MVP promoted HCC proliferation, metastasis, and invasion by regulating M2 polarization in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, MVP associated with signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) and enhanced STAT6 phosphorylation. STAT6 translocated from the cytosol to the nucleus and regulated M2 macrophage-associated gene transcription. These findings suggest that MVP modulates the macrophage M2 transcriptional program, revealing its potential role in the TAMs of TME.
Defining genetic diversity of rhesus macaque Fcγ receptors with long-read RNA sequencing
Authors: Conley Haleigh E. , He Max M. , Easterhoff David , Kirshner Hélène Fradin , Cocklin Sarah L. , Meyer Jacob , Hoxie Taylor , Berry Madison , Bradley Todd , Tolbert William D. , Pazgier Marzena , Tomaras Georgia D. , Schmitz Joern E. , Moody Michael Anthony , Wiehe Kevin , Pollara Justin
Published: January 2024

Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) are membrane-bound glycoproteins that bind to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) constant regions of IgG antibodies. Interactions between IgG immune complexes and FcγRs can initiate signal transduction that mediates important components of the immune response including activation of immune cells for clearance of opsonized pathogens or infected host cells. In humans, many studies have identified associations between FcγR gene polymorphisms and risk of infection, or progression of disease, suggesting a gene-level impact on FcγR-dependent immune responses. Rhesus macaques are an important translational model for most human health interventions, yet little is known about the breadth of rhesus macaque FcγR genetic diversity. This lack of knowledge prevents evaluation of the impact of FcγR polymorphisms on outcomes of preclinical studies performed in rhesus macaques. In this study we used long-read RNA sequencing to define the genetic diversity of FcγRs in 206 Indian-origin Rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta. We describe the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertions, deletions, frame-shift mutations, and isoforms. We also index the identified diversity using predicted and known rhesus macaque FcγR and Fc-FcγR structures. Future studies that define the functional significance of this genetic diversity will facilitate a better understanding of the correlation between human and macaque FcγR biology that is needed for effective translation of studies with antibody-mediated outcomes performed in rhesus macaques.
Challenges and promise of targeting miRNA in rheumatic diseases: a computational approach to identify miRNA association with cell types, cytokines, and disease mechanisms
Authors: Shaikh Farheen S. , Siegel Ruby J. , Srivastava Aayush , Fox David A. , Ahmed Salahuddin
Published: January 2024

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that alter the expression of target genes at the post-transcriptional level, influencing diverse outcomes in metabolism, cell differentiation, proliferation, cell survival, and cell death. Dysregulated miRNA expression is implicated in various rheumatic conditions, including ankylosing spondylitis (AS), gout, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), osteoarthritis (OA), psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjogren’s syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and systemic sclerosis. For this review, we used an open-source programming language- PowerShell, to scan the massive number of existing primary research publications on PubMed on miRNAs in these nine diseases to identify and count unique co-occurrences of individual miRNAs and the disease name. These counts were used to rank the top seven most relevant immuno-miRs based on their research volume in each rheumatic disease. Individual miRNAs were also screened for publication with the names of immune cells, cytokines, and pathological processes involved in rheumatic diseases. These occurrences were tabulated into matrices to identify hotspots for research relevance. Based on this information, we summarize the basic and clinical findings for the top three miRNAs — miR-146, miR-155, and miR-21 — whose relevance spans across multiple rheumatic diseases. Furthermore, we highlight some unique miRNAs for each disease and why some rheumatic conditions lack research in this emerging epigenetics field. With the overwhelming number of publications on miRNAs in rheumatic diseases, this review serves as a ‘relevance finder’ to guide researchers in selecting miRNAs based on the compiled existing knowledge of their involvement in disease pathogenesis. This approach applies to other disease contexts with the end goal of developing miRNA-based therapeutics.
Obesity modulates the cellular and molecular microenvironment in the peritoneal cavity: implication for ovarian cancer risk
Authors: Shea Amanda A. , Heffron Connie Lynn , Grieco Joseph P. , Roberts Paul C. , Schmelz Eva M.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Abdominal obesity increases the risk of developing ovarian cancer but the molecular mechanisms of how obesity supports ovarian cancer development remain unknown. Here we investigated the impact of obesity on the immune cell and gene expression profiles of distinct abdominal tissues, focusing on the peritoneal serous fluid (PSF) and the omental fat band (OFB) as critical determinants for the dissemination of ovarian metastases and early metastatic events within the peritoneal cavity.

Methods

Female C57BL/6 mice were fed a low-fat (LFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks until the body weights in the HFD group were significantly higher and the mice displayed an impaired glucose tolerance. Then the mice were injected with the murine ovarian cancer cells (MOSE-LTICv) while remaining on their diets. After 21 days, the mice were sacrificed, tumor burden was evaluated and tissues were harvested. The immune cell composition of abdominal tissues and changes in gene expression in the PSF and OFB were evaluated by flow cytometry and qPCR RT2-profiler PCR arrays and confirmed by qRT-PCR, respectively. Other peritoneal adipose tissues including parametrial and retroperitoneal white adipose tissues as well as blood were also investigated.

Results

While limited effects were observed in the other peritoneal adipose tissues, feeding mice the HFD led to distinct changes in the immune cell composition in the PSF and the OFB: a depletion of B cells but an increase in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and mono/granulocytes, generating pro-inflammatory environments with increased expression of cyto- and chemokines, and genes supporting adhesion, survival, and growth, as well as suppression of apoptosis. This was associated with a higher peritoneal tumor burden compared to mice fed a LFD. Changes in cellular and genetic profiles were often exacerbated by the HFD. There was a large overlap in genes that were modulated by both the HFD and the cancer cells, suggesting that this ‘genetic fingerprint’ is important for ovarian metastases to the OFB.

Discussion

In accordance with the ‘seed and soil’ theory, our studies show that obesity contributes to the generation of a pro-inflammatory peritoneal environment that supports the survival of disseminating ovarian cancer cells in the PSF and the OFB and enhances the early metastatic adhesion events in the OFB through an increase in extracellular matrix proteins and modulators such as fibronectin 1 and collagen I expression as well as in genes supporting growth and invasion such as Tenacin C. The identified genes could potentially be used as targets for prevention strategies to lower the ovarian cancer risk in women with obesity.
Knowledge mapping of immunotherapy in cervical carcinoma: a bibliometric analysis (2000-2023)
Authors: Song Ling , Liang Xinmei , Zhu Min , Su Qiang , Li Fengzhou
Published: January 2024

Background

Cervical carcinoma is a type of malignant tumor that primarily develops in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus. In recent years, Despite the considerable progress made in immunotherapy research for cervical carcinoma, an important aspect has been largely overlooked - the absence of a comprehensive bibliometric analysis in this field. By employing bibliometric techniques, this study aims to fill this gap and provide a comprehensive overview of the knowledge structure and research hotspots within the realm of immunotherapy in cervical carcinoma.

Method

A comprehensive search was conducted on the web of science core collection(WoSCC) database to identify publications related to immunotherapy specifically for the treatment of cervical carcinoma. The search spanned the period from the year 2000 to 2023. Several analytical tools were employed. These included VOSviewers, CiteSpace, and the R package “bibliometrix”.

Results

A total of 654 research articles from 66 different countries have been included in the analysis. The United States and China have emerged as the leading countries in publishing research on immunotherapy in cervical carcinoma. Leiden University and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from the Netherlands and the United States respectively have a close cooperation. Fudan University from China and the German Cancer Research Center are also among the key institutions leading research in this area. Frontiers in Oncology has emerged as the most popular and widely recognized publication in the field of immunotherapy in cervical carcinoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology is frequently cited by researchers in this area. Van Der Burg, Sjoerd H has published the highest number of papers. Tewari, Krishnansu S has been the most co-cited author. Keywords such as PD-L1, chemotherapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors have gained significant attention in recent years.

Conclusion

This is the first bibliometric study that comprehensively summarizes the research trends and developments of immunotherapy in cervical carcinoma. This groundbreaking study not only summarizes the current research trends and developments in immunotherapy for cervical carcinoma but also provides a reference for scholars studying the treatment of cervical cancer.
Rates and pathways of iodine speciation transformations at the Bermuda Atlantic Time Series
Authors: Schnur Alexi A. , Sutherland Kevin M. , Hansel Colleen M. , Hardisty Dalton S.
Published: January 2024

The distribution of iodine in the surface ocean – of which iodide-iodine is a large destructor of tropospheric ozone (O3) – can be attributed to both in situ (i.e., biological) and ex situ (i.e., mixing) drivers. Currently, uncertainty regarding the rates and mechanisms of iodide (I-) oxidation render it difficult to distinguish the importance of in situ reactions vs ex situ mixing in driving iodine’s distribution, thus leading to uncertainty in climatological ozone atmospheric models. It has been hypothesized that reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide (O2•−) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), may be needed for I- oxidation to occur at the sea surface, but this has yet to be demonstrated in natural marine waters. To test the role of ROS in iodine redox transformations, shipboard isotope tracer incubations were conducted as part of the Bermuda Atlantic Time Series (BATS) in the Sargasso Sea in September of 2018. Incubation trials evaluated the effects of ROS (O2•−, H2O2) on iodine redox transformations over time and at euphotic and sub-photic depths. Rates of I- oxidation were assessed using a 129I- tracer (t1/2 ~15.7 Myr) added to all incubations, and 129I/127I ratios of individual iodine species (I-, IO3-). Our results show a lack of I- oxidation to IO3- within the resolution of our tracer approach – i.e., <2.99 nM/day, or <1091.4 nM/yr. In addition, we present new ROS data from BATS and compare our iodine speciation profiles to that from two previous studies conducted at BATS, which demonstrate long-term iodine stability. These results indicate that ex situ processes, such as vertical mixing, may play an important role in broader iodine species’ distribution in this and similar regions.
Investigating autism knowledge, self-efficacy, and confidence following maternal and child health nurse training for the early identification of autism
Authors: Gore Katherine , Gilbert Melissa , Hawke Marguerite , Barbaro Josephine
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Early identification of children with a high likelihood of autism can lead to referral for diagnostic services and access to early supports, resulting in improved outcomes for children and families. Maternal and Child Health Nurses (MCHNs) in Victoria, Australia, are well-placed to monitor infants and toddlers for signs of autism, given children and caregivers attend free, regular, well-baby consultations from birth through to school age. This study aimed to identify the impact of personal and workplace factors on MCHNs’ competencies of autism knowledge, self-efficacy in identifying autistic infants and toddlers, and confidence in speaking to parents/caregivers about autism. Additionally, the study sought to identify which personal and workplace factors might predict increased competency in these areas.

Methods

After identifying training needs and current competency levels via a training needs analysis (TNA), 1,428 MCHNs received training on the early signs of autism and in the use of the Social Attention and Communication Surveillance-Revised (SACS-R) tool for early autism identification; the training program was known as Monitoring of Social Attention, Interaction, and Communication (MoSAIC).

Results

Previous MCHN autism training and knowledge of autism community resources significantly contributed to increased MCHN self-efficacy in identifying autistic infants and toddlers, while knowledge of community resources was the best predictor of confidence in speaking with parents/caregivers about autism. Perceived self-efficacy and confidence in speaking with parents/caregivers about autism significantly increased following the MoSAIC autism training.

Discussion

Targeted autism training for primary health practitioners is an important first step for early autism identification and initiating conversations with parents/caregivers.
Effect of popular songs from the reminiscence bump as autobiographical memory cues in aging: a preliminary study using EEG
Authors: Martínez-Saez Maria Cruz , Ros Laura , López-Cano Marco , Nieto Marta , Navarro Beatriz , Latorre Jose Miguel
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Music has the capacity to evoke emotions and memories. This capacity is influenced by whether or not the music is from the reminiscence bump (RB) period. However, research on the neural correlates of the processes of evoking autobiographical memories through songs is scant. The aim of this study was to analyze the differences at the level of frequency band activation in two situations: (1) whether or not the song is able to generate a memory; and (2) whether or not the song is from the RB period.

Methods

A total of 35 older adults (22 women, age range: 61–73 years) listened to 10 thirty-second musical clips that coincided with the period of their RB and 10 from the immediately subsequent 5 years (non-RB). To record the EEG signal, a brain-computer interface (BCI) with 14 channels was used. The signal was recorded during the 30-seconds of listening to each music clip.

Results

The results showed differences in the activation levels of the frequency bands in the frontal and temporal regions. It was also found that the non-retrieval of a memory in response to a song clip showed a greater activation of low frequency waves in the frontal region, compared to the trials that did generate a memory.

Discussion

These results suggest the importance of analyzing not only brain activation, but also neuronal functional connectivity at older ages, in order to better understand cognitive and emotional functions in aging.
Deep learning-based immunohistochemical estimation of breast cancer via ultrasound image applications
Authors: Yan Ding , Zhao Zijian , Duan Jiajun , Qu Jia , Shi Linlin , Wang Qian , Zhang Huawei
Published: January 2024

Background

Breast cancer is the key global menace to women’s health, which ranks first by mortality rate. The rate reduction and early diagnostics of breast cancer are the mainstream of medical research. Immunohistochemical examination is the most important link in the process of breast cancer treatment, and its results directly affect physicians’ decision-making on follow-up medical treatment.

Purpose

This study aims to develop a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) method based on deep learning to classify breast ultrasound (BUS) images according to immunohistochemical results.

Methods

A new depth learning framework guided by BUS image data analysis was proposed for the classification of breast cancer nodes in BUS images. The proposed CAD classification network mainly comprised three innovation points. First, a multilevel feature distillation network (MFD-Net) based on CNN, which could extract feature layers of different scales, was designed. Then, the image features extracted at different depths were fused to achieve multilevel feature distillation using depth separable convolution and reverse depth separable convolution to increase convolution depths. Finally, a new attention module containing two independent submodules, the channel attention module (CAM) and the spatial attention module (SAM), was introduced to improve the model classification ability in channel and space.

Results

A total of 500 axial BUS images were retrieved from 294 patients who underwent BUS examination, and these images were detected and cropped, resulting in breast cancer node BUS image datasets, which were classified according to immunohistochemical findings, and the datasets were randomly subdivided into a training set (70%) and a test set (30%) in the classification process, with the results of the four immune indices output simultaneously from training and testing, in the model comparison experiment. Taking ER immune indicators as an example, the proposed model achieved a precision of 0.8933, a recall of 0.7563, an F1 score of 0.8191, and an accuracy of 0.8386, significantly outperforming the other models. The results of the designed ablation experiment also showed that the proposed multistage characteristic distillation structure and attention module were key in improving the accuracy rate.

Conclusion

The extensive experiments verify the high efficiency of the proposed method. It is considered the first classification of breast cancer by immunohistochemical results in breast cancer image processing, and it provides an effective aid for postoperative breast cancer treatment, greatly reduces the difficulty of diagnosis for doctors, and improves work efficiency.