bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How to Reconcile Pandemic Business Interruption Risk With Insurance Coverage
Authors: Spaeter Sandrine
Published: May 2023

En présence de risques majeurs, les capacités financières des (ré)assureurs sont rapidement atteintes. Pour les catastrophes naturelles, un transfert du risque peut se faire vers les marchés financiers grâce aux techniques de titrisation. Une pandemie est une catastrophe. Malheureusement, la stratégie de titrisation des cat. nat. ne peut pas être répliquée pour les risque de pandémie. Dans cet article, nous considérons les risques de pertes d’exploitation telles que celles enregistrées par les entreprises durant les premiers mois de la pandémie COVID-19. Nous nous intéressons à leurs caractéristiques propres : la corrélation entre ces risques de pertes et la valorisation sur les marchés financiers, l’impact des décisions administratives, le risque moral et la liquidité financière des titres financiers en période de pandémie. Pour couvrir les pertes d’exploitation et compléter le marché privé de l’assurance, nous suggérons de construire des obligations sur pertes d’exploitation à double déclencheur qui pourront être combinées à l’auto-assurance et à l’assurance. Nous illustrons ce nouveau schéma de couverture en considérant les pertes enregistrées par les restaurants en France en 2020. Classification JEL : G11, Q54, G22
Bupropion: Does Its Efficacy Outweigh Potential Morbidity and Lethality?
Authors: Al-Namnakani Bayan , Zell-Kanter Michele
Published: May 2023

Bupropion is a structurally and biochemically unique antidepressant that inhibits the neuronal uptake of dopamine and norepinephrine. Often prescribed for children and adolescents, bupropion displays both neurologic and cardiac toxicities in overdose more serious than toxicities resulting from poisonings by tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Bupropion was briefly removed from the market in the 1980s. The incidence of bupropion poisonings in the United States, and resultant morbidity and mortality in children and adolescents, has been steadily increasing since 2012. Antidepressants less toxic than bupropion in overdose should be considered in the vulnerable 6- to 19-year-old patient population.

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Pediatr Ann
. 2023;52(5):e178–e180.]
Infantile Hemangiomas: A Review of Current Treatment Options
Authors: Dahan Elise , Abou Jaoude Lea
Published: May 2023

This literature review outlines the current pathogenesis, clinical features, and complications of infantile hemangiomas and explores the current treatment modalities, including corticosteroids, surgery, pulsed dye laser, and beta-blockers. Although oftentimes benign, these lesions can potentially lead to physical or cosmetic disfigurement in growing children. The issue of depth and location-dependent treatment for infantile hemangiomas is explored as it reveals which treatments are correlated with better outcomes in specific presentations. For example, beta-blockers were found to be an effective first-line treatment for superficial infantile hemangiomas specifically, whereas the pulsed dye laser procedure was shown to be an effective option for deep hemangiomas, speeding up the involution process when combined with other treatment modalities and reducing scarring in ulcerated hemangiomas. Although the various infantile hemangioma treatment modalities available are appropriately tailored to specific cases of hemangiomas, they are also not without significant, sometimes life-threatening complications. This is why this literature review aims to outline the therapeutic benefits and risks of all treatment modalities to aid in the establishment of optimal case-dependent treatments.

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Pediatr Ann
. 2023;52(5):192–197.]
Gender-Affirming Care in Children
Authors: DeZure Chandani
Published: May 2023

Cast into the spotlight because of recent legislative actions, gender-affirming care is a hot topic of discussion across the country when it comes to pediatric health care. And yet there is a great deal of misinformation being perpetuated about gender-affirming care that may be harmful to youth who identify as transgender and gender diverse (TGD). In addition, TGD youth continue to be an underserved and marginalized group that receive disparate health care at baseline. It is our role as pediatricians to understand the current landscape of evidence and guidance available to promote the health of TGD youth while reducing discrimination through education, nonjudgmental holistic treatment, and advocacy at local and national levels.

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Pediatr Ann
. 2023;52(5):e160–e163.]
Urine Drug Testing in Adolescents: Common Questions and Uses
Authors: Rahmandar Maria H.
Published: May 2023

Identifying adolescent substance use can be complicated, as symptoms can be nonspecific and testing can be difficult to obtain and interpret appropriately. Familiarity with consent and confidentiality issues surrounding urine drug testing is important when discussing testing with adolescents and families. Understanding the pros and cons of testing can help pediatricians decide when and how to obtain urine drug screening as well as inform result interpretation. Being aware of home drug testing concerns and having a basic knowledge of fentanyl test strips can assist pediatricians in guiding families and their adolescents.

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Pediatr Ann
. 2023;52(5):e166–e169.]
Deep intelligent predictive model for the identification of diabetes
Authors: khan Salman , Naeem Muhammad , Qiyas Muhammad
Published: May 2023

Diabetes mellitus is a severe, chronic disease that occurs when blood glucose levels rise above certain limits. Many complications arise if diabetes remains untreated and unidentified. Early prediction of diabetes is the most high-quality way to forestall and manipulate diabetes and its complications. With the rising incidence of diabetes, machine learning and deep learning algorithms have been increasingly used to predict diabetes and its complications due to their capacity to care for massive and complicated facts sets. This research aims to develop an intelligent computational model that can accurately predict the probability of diabetes in patients at an early stage. The proposed predictor employs hybrid pseudo-K-tuple nucleotide composition (PseKNC) for sequence formulation, an unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm for discriminant feature selection, and a deep neural network (DNN) as a classifier. The experimental results show that the proposed technique can perform better on benchmark datasets. Furthermore, overall assessment performance compared to existing predictors indicated that our predictor outperformed the cutting-edge predictors using 10-fold cross validation. It is anticipated that the proposed model could be a beneficial tool for diabetes diagnosis and precision medicine.
Numerical solutions to two-dimensional fourth order parabolic thin film equations using the Parabolic Monge-Ampere method
Authors: Alharbi Abdulghani R.
Published: May 2023

This article presents the Parabolic-Monge-Ampere (PMA) method for numerical solutions of two-dimensional fourth-order parabolic thin film equations with constant flux boundary conditions. We track the PMA technique, which employs special functions to acclimate and force the mesh moving associated with the physical PDE representing the thin liquid film equation. The accuracy and convergence of the PMA approach are investigated numerically using a one two-dimensional problem. Comparing the results of this method to the uniform mesh finite difference scheme, the computing effort is reduced.
A PSO-enhanced Gauss pseudospectral method to solve trajectory planning for autonomous underwater vehicles
Authors: Gan Wenyang , Su Lixia , Chu Zhenzhong
Published: May 2023

A fast optimization method based on the Gauss pseudospectral method (GPM) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) is studied for trajectory optimization of obstacle-avoidance navigation of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). A multi-constraint trajectory planning model is established according to the dynamic constraints, boundary constraints, and path constraints. The trajectory optimization problem is converted into a non-linear programming (NLP) problem by means of the GPM, which is solved by the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm. Aiming at the initial values dependence of the SQP algorithm, a method combining PSO pre-planning with the GPM is proposed. The pre-planned trajectory points are configured on the Legendre-Gauss (LG) points of the GPM by fitting as the initial values for the SQP calculated trajectory planning problem. After simulation analysis, the convergence speed of the optimal solution can be accelerated by using the pretreated initial values. Compared to the linear interpolation and the cubic spline interpolation, the PSO pre-planning method improves computational efficiency by 82.3% and 88.6%, which verifies the effectiveness of the PSO-GPM to solve the trajectory optimization problem.
High resolution finite difference schemes for a size structured coagulation-fragmentation model in the space of radon measures
Authors: Ackleh Azmy S. , Lyons Rainey , Saintier Nicolas
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we develop explicit and semi-implicit second-order high-resolution finite difference schemes for a structured coagulation-fragmentation model formulated on the space of Radon measures. We prove the convergence of each of the two schemes to the unique weak solution of the model. We perform numerical simulations to demonstrate that the second order accuracy in the Bounded-Lipschitz norm is achieved by both schemes.
A full-flow inspection method based on machine vision to detect wafer surface defects
Authors: Yu Naigong , Li Hongzheng , Xu Qiao
Published: May 2023

The semiconductor manufacturing industry relies heavily on wafer surface defect detection for yield enhancement. Machine learning and digital image processing technologies have been used in the development of various detection algorithms. However, most wafer surface inspection algorithms are not be applied in industrial environments due to the difficulty in obtaining training samples, high computational requirements, and poor generalization. In order to overcome these difficulties, this paper introduces a full-flow inspection method based on machine vision to detect wafer surface defects. Starting with the die image segmentation stage, where a die segmentation algorithm based on candidate frame fitting and coordinate interpolation is proposed for die sample missing matching segmentation. The method can segment all the dies in the wafer, avoiding the problem of missing dies splitting. After that, in the defect detection stage, we propose a die defect anomaly detection method based on defect feature clustering by region, which can reduce the impact of noise in other regions when extracting defect features in a single region. The experiments show that the proposed inspection method can precisely position and segment die images, and find defective dies with an accuracy of more than 97%. The defect detection method proposed in this paper can be applied to inspect wafer manufacturing.
Modeling the epidemic trend of middle eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus with optimal control
Authors: Fatima Bibi , Yavuz Mehmet , Rahman Mati ur , Al-Duais Fuad S.
Published: May 2023

Since the outbreak of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 in the Middle East, we have proposed a deterministic theoretical model to understand its transmission between individuals and MERS-CoV reservoirs such as camels. We aim to calculate the basic reproduction number ($ \mathcal{R}_{0} $) of the model to examine its airborne transmission. By applying stability theory, we can analyze and visualize the local and global features of the model to determine its stability. We also study the sensitivity of $ \mathcal{R}_{0} $ to determine the impact of each parameter on the transmission of the disease. Our model is designed with optimal control in mind to minimize the number of infected individuals while keeping intervention costs low. The model includes time-dependent control variables such as supportive care, the use of surgical masks, government campaigns promoting the importance of masks, and treatment. To support our analytical work, we present numerical simulation results for the proposed model.
Open Access: A Conversation with ChatGPT
Authors: Lewis David W.
Published: May 2023

The language model AI ChatGPT was interviewed on the subject of open access. While this version of ChatGPT was trained on content published before the end of 2021, it has ingested a large amount of text from the web. As such, even though it hasn’t reviewed the most recent events, it could be thought of as a stand in for the web at large. To the extent that this is the case, its perspective is worth reading. The result, unsurprisingly, is familiar. There is little, if anything that is new, but it is a good summary of the current state of open access.
Relationship Between the Chemical Structure and the Corrosion Inhibition Properties of Some Organic Molecules
Authors: Erdoğan Şaban , Tüzün Burak
Published: May 2023

Corrosion experts work experimentally in laboratories with long-term procedures and high costs by modifying the structures of new corrosion inhibitors or existing inhibitors. Corrosion is defined as the chemical corrosion of metals and their alloys after ion transport with the effect of the environment they are in, and thus the deterioration of their physical properties. Many scientists continue to work at full speed to develop new and more effective corrosion inhibitors. In many studies, corrosion inhibitor molecules have been found. When the results of the studies are examined in detail, it is seen that very effective molecules have been discovered. In this study, 3,4-dichloro-aceto-phenone-O-1' -(1' .3' .4' -triazolyl)-metheneoxime (DATM), Diglycidyl amino benzene (DGAB) epoxy prepolymer, xanthione (XION) and 2,2-dibenzamidodiphenyl disulfide (DPD) which are known as very good corrosion inhibitors that have been studied by different scientists before, will be compared among themselves.
Electrochemical and Computational Study of Cysteine as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor of Mild Steel in Sulfuric Acid Medium
Authors: Ouchenane Sihem , Jalgham Ramzy , Rezgoune Sarra , Roymahapatra Gourisankar
Published: May 2023

Amino acids are well known as an effective green corrosion inhibitor. In this study, the authors describe the corrosion inhibition of cysteine (Cys) on the mild steel in sulfuric acid using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results suggested that Cys can be used as effective corrosion inhibitors and act as mixed-type inhibitors. The inhibition efficiency reaches 70%. The electronic structure and the inhibition mechanism of Cys was studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations and Monte Carlo simulation. Molecular adsorption on Fe2O3 surface (110) was investigated using Monte Carlo Simulation. All the steps of quantum calculations and Monte Carlo Simulation were explained in detail and therefore the researchers could follow this study in their future researches.
Systolic complexes and group presentations
Authors: Soergel Mireille
Published: May 2023

We give conditions on a presentation of a group, which imply that its Cayley complex is simplicial, and the flag complex of the Cayley complex is systolic. We then apply this to Garside groups and Artin groups. We give a classification of the Garside groups whose presentation using the simple elements as generators satisfy our conditions. We then also give a dual presentation for Artin groups and identify in which cases the flag complex of the Cayley complex is systolic.
Associations of racial and ethnic discrimination with adverse changes in exercise and screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
Authors: Xia Tong , Gee Gilbert C. , Li Jian , Liu Xinyue , Dai Jin , Shi Lu , Zhang Donglan , Chen Zhuo , Han Xuesong , Li Yan , Li Hongmei , Wen Ming , Su Dejun , Chen Liwei
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVES: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a growing prevalence of racial and ethnic discrimination occurred when many Americans struggled to maintain healthy lifestyles. This study investigated the associations of racial and ethnic discrimination with changes in exercise and screen time during the pandemic in the United States.METHODS: We included 2,613 adults who self-identified as non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Asian, or Hispanic from the Health, Ethnicity, and Pandemic study, a cross-sectional survey conducted among a nationally representative sample of United States adults between October and November 2020. We assessed self-reported racial and ethnic discrimination by measuring COVID-19-related racial and ethnic bias and examined its associations with changes in exercise and screen time using multivariable logistic regression models. We analyzed data between September 2021 and March 2022.RESULTS: COVID-19-related racial and ethnic bias was associated with decreased exercise time among non-Hispanic Asian (odds ratio [OR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13 to 1.89) and Hispanic people (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.32 to 2.77), and with increased screen time among non-Hispanic Black people (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.33 to 2.85), adjusting for age, sex, education, marital status, annual household income, insurance, and employment status.CONCLUSIONS: Racial and ethnic discrimination may have adversely influenced exercise and screen time changes among racial and ethnic minorities during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Further studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms through which racial and ethnic discrimination can impact lifestyles and to develop potential strategies to address racial and ethnic discrimination as a barrier to healthy lifestyles.
Data Modeling Using Vital Sign Dynamics for In-hospital Mortality Classification in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Limprasert Sarawuth , Phu-ang Ajchara
Published: May 2023

Objectives: This study compared feature selection by machine learning or expert recommendation in the performance of classification models for in-hospital mortality among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods: A dataset of 1,123 patients with ACS who underwent PCI was analyzed. After assigning 80% of instances to the training set through random splitting, we performed feature scaling and resampling with the synthetic minority over-sampling technique and Tomek link method. We compared two feature selection methods: recursive feature elimination with cross-validation (RFECV) and selection by interventional cardiologists. We used five simple models: support vector machine (SVM), random forest, decision tree, logistic regression, and artificial neural network. The performance metrics were accuracy, recall, and the false-negative rate, measured with 10-fold cross-validation in the training set and validated in the test set.Results: Patients’ mean age was 66.22 ± 12.88 years, and 33.63% had ST-elevation ACS. Fifteen of 34 features were selected as important with the RFECV method, while the experts chose 11 features. All models with feature selection by RFECV had higher accuracy than the models with expert-chosen features. In the training set, the random forest model had the highest accuracy (0.96 ± 0.01) and recall (0.97 ± 0.02). After validation in the test set, the SVM model displayed the highest accuracy (0.81) and a recall of 0.61.Conclusions: Models with feature selection by RFECV had higher accuracy than those with feature selection by experts in identifying patients with ACS at high risk for in-hospital mortality.
Standardized Database of 12-Lead Electrocardiograms with a Common Standard for the Promotion of Cardiovascular Research: KURIAS-ECG
Authors: Yoo Hakje , Yum Yunjin , Park Soo Wan , Lee Jeong Moon , Jang Moonjoung , Kim Yoojoong , Kim Jong-Ho , Park Hyun-Joon , Han Kap Su , Park Jae Hyoung , Joo Hyung Joon
Published: May 2023

Objectives: Electrocardiography (ECG)-based diagnosis by experts cannot maintain uniform quality because individual differences may occur. Previous public databases can be used for clinical studies, but there is no common standard that would allow databases to be combined. For this reason, it is difficult to conduct research that derives results by combining databases. Recent commercial ECG machines offer diagnoses similar to those of a physician. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to construct a standardized ECG database using computerized diagnoses.Methods: The constructed database was standardized using Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) and Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership–common data model (OMOP-CDM), and data were then categorized into 10 groups based on the Minnesota classification. In addition, to extract high-quality waveforms, poor-quality ECGs were removed, and database bias was minimized by extracting at least 2,000 cases for each group. To check database quality, the difference in baseline displacement according to whether poor ECGs were removed was analyzed, and the usefulness of the database was verified with seven classification models using waveforms.Results: The standardized KURIAS-ECG database consists of high-quality ECGs from 13,862 patients, with about 20,000 data points, making it possible to obtain more than 2,000 for each Minnesota classification. An artificial intelligence classification model using the data extracted through SNOMED-CT showed an average accuracy of 88.03%.Conclusions: The KURIAS-ECG database contains standardized ECG data extracted from various machines. The proposed protocol should promote cardiovascular disease research using big data and artificial intelligence.
Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Association with Patient Outcomes in a Rural Kenyan Hospital
Authors: Drobish Ian C. , Barasa Immaculate K. , Otieno George , Osoo Moses Odhiambo , Thuo Solomon K. , Belknap Kaya S. , Shirk Arianna McLain , McClanahan S. Taylor , Irungu Elizabeth , Riunga Felix , Lelei Faith , Rudd Kristina E. , Brotherton B. Jason
Published: May 2023

Data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and association with outcomes in resource-variable intensive care units (ICU) are lacking. Data currently available are limited to large, urban centers. We attempted to understand this locally through a dual-purpose, retrospective study. Cohort A consisted of adult and pediatric patients who had blood, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid cultures obtained from 2016 to 2020. A total of 3,013 isolates were used to create the Kijabe Hospital’s first antibiogram. Gram-negative organisms were found to be less than 50% susceptible to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, 67% susceptible to piperacillin–tazobactam, 87% susceptible to amikacin, and 93% susceptible to meropenem. We then evaluated the association between AMR and clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes among ICU patients (Cohort B). Demographics, vital signs, laboratory results, management data, and outcomes were obtained. Antimicrobial resistance was defined as resistance to one or more antimicrobials. Seventy-six patients were admitted to the ICU with bacteremia during this time. Forty complete paper charts were found for review. Median age was 34 years (interquartile range, 9–51), 26 patients were male (65%), and 28 patients were older than 18 years (70%). Septic shock was the most common diagnosis (n = 22, 55%). Six patients had AMR bacteremia; Escherichia coli was most common (n = 3, 50%). There was not a difference in mortality between patients with AMR versus non-AMR infections (P = 0.54). This study found a prevalence of AMR. There was no association between AMR and outcomes among ICU patients. More studies are needed to understand the impact of AMR in resource-variable settings.
Test-Treat-Track-Test-Treat Strategy for Control of Schistosomiasis in Two Low-Prevalence Villages in Northwestern Tanzania
Authors: Maganga Jane K. , Campbell Carl H. , Angelo Teckla , Mosha Justina , Mwanga Joseph R. , Kinung’hi Safari M.
Published: May 2023

Mass drug administration of praziquantel becomes a less attractive strategy for elimination of schistosomiasis in low-prevalence areas due to cost implications and low treatment compliance. We aimed to determine the feasibility of a Test-Treat-Track-Test-Treat (5T) strategy in two low-prevalence villages; the 5T strategy has been successfully implemented in diseases such as malaria. A total of 200 school children aged 6–12 years were randomly selected from two schools and tested for Schistosoma mansoni infection using the point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen test. Schistosoma mansoni–positive children, referred to as first-generation cases (FGCs), were tracked and treated including up to five members of their families. Second-generation cases, identified by the FGCs as their close, non-relative contacts, were also tracked, tested, and treated, including up to five members of their families. The prevalence of schistosomiasis among screened FGCs was 16.5% (33/200) in both villages. Twenty-four FGCs were included in the study. Prevalence among 94 contacts of FGCs was 46.8% (44/94). The proportion was higher in Muda than Bulunga village (61.2% versus 31.1%, χ2 = 10.6611, P = 0.005). Prevalence among SGCs and their contacts was 37.5% (9/24) and 47.1% (49/104), respectively. Overall, the 5T strategy identified 102 additional cases out of 222 tracked from FGCs, 95% of whom were treated, at a total time of 52 hours. Our data demonstrate the potential of the 5T strategy in identifying and treating additional cases in the community and hence its practicality in schistosomiasis control in low-prevalence settings at relatively low time and resources investment.
Cytogenetic Key to Identification of Triatominae Species Reported in an Outbreak Region of Oral Transmission of Chagas Disease in the Brazilian Northeast
Authors: Nhapulo Emercio Felisberto , de Mello Denis Vinícius , Cesaretto Laura Poloto , Alevi Julia Junqueira , Cristal Daniel Cesaretto , Montanari Giulia , Azevedo Luísa Martins Sensato , Masarin Isabella da Silva , Galvão Cleber , Alevi Kaio Cesar Chaboli
Published: May 2023

Oral transmission from the consumption of processed food with triatomines and/or their feces infected with Trypanosoma cruzi prevails among recent cases of Chagas disease in Brazil. In Paraíba, a state of the Brazilian northeast, there was an outbreak caused by the consumption of sugarcane juice that resulted in 26 cases of infection and one death. Until now, 10 species of triatomines have been reported in this Brazilian state. Thus, we developed a dichotomous key to assist in the correct identification of Paraíba triatomines based on cytogenetic data. The dichotomous key allowed the differentiation of all the species in this state. Although the purpose of CytoKeys is not to replace dichotomous keys based on morphological data, the use of these complementary keys can help to solve taxonomic problems, preventing identification errors, especially between similar species such as Triatoma brasiliensis and Triatoma petrocchiae, both present in the Brazilian northeast.
Safety and Immunogenicity of Radiation-Attenuated PfSPZ Vaccine in Equatoguinean Infants, Children, and Adults
Authors: Jongo Said A. , Urbano Nsue Ndong Nchama Vicente , Church L. W. Preston , Olotu Ally , Manock Stephen R. , Schindler Tobias , Mtoro Ali , KC Natasha , Devinsky Orrin , Zan Elcin , Hamad Ali , Nyakarungu Elizabeth , Mpina Maxmillian , Deal Anna , Bijeri José Raso , Ondo Mangue Martin Eka , Ntutumu Pasialo Beltrán Ekua , Nguema Genaro Nsue , Rivas Matilde Riloha , Chemba Mwajuma , Ramadhani Kamaka K. , James Eric R. , Stabler Thomas C. , Abebe Yonas , Riyahi Pouria , Saverino Elizabeth S. , Sax Julian , Hosch Salome , Tumbo Anneth , Gondwe Linda , Segura J. Luis , Falla Carlos Cortes , Phiri Wonder Philip , Hergott Dianna E. B. , García Guillermo A. , Maas Carl , Murshedkar Tooba , Billingsley Peter F. , Tanner Marcel , Ayekaba Mitoha Ondo’o , Sim B. Kim Lee , Daubenberger Claudia , Richie Thomas L. , Abdulla Salim , Hoffman Stephen L.
Published: May 2023

The radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (PfSPZ) Vaccine has demonstrated safety and immunogenicity in 5-month-old to 50-year-old Africans in multiple trials. Except for one, each trial has restricted enrollment to either infants and children or adults < 50 years old. This trial was conducted in Equatorial Guinea and assessed the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of three direct venous inoculations of 1.8 × 106 or 2.7 × 106 PfSPZ, of PfSPZ Vaccine, or normal saline administered at 8-week intervals in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial stratified by age (6–11 months and 1–5, 6–10, 11–17, 18–35, and 36–61 years). All doses were successfully administered. In all, 192/207 injections (93%) in those aged 6–61 years were rated as causing no or mild pain. There were no significant differences in solicited adverse events (AEs) between vaccinees and controls in any age group (P ≥ 0.17). There were no significant differences between vaccinees and controls with respect to the rates or severity of unsolicited AEs or laboratory abnormalities. Development of antibodies to P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein occurred in 67/69 vaccinees (97%) and 0/15 controls. Median antibody levels were highest in infants and 1–5-year-olds and declined progressively with age. Antibody responses in children were greater than in adults protected against controlled human malaria infection. Robust immunogenicity, combined with a benign AE profile, indicates children are an ideal target for immunization with PfSPZ Vaccine.
Benefit-sharing model of traditional knowledge based on substantive fairness in China
Authors: Dilixiati Diligena , Song Xiaoting
Published: May 2023

Traditional knowledge itself is a living body of knowledge, which constitutes a part of its holders’ cultural or spiritual identity, and can also be continuously created as knowledge resources to form new knowledge, so that they can benefit from the protection of the intellectual property system. In recent years, through reasonable institutional arrangements and moderate market development, more and more countries and regions are promoting sustainable development of traditional communities through fair trade. When traditional knowledge products enter the market, the most common form globally is to share the benefits of traditional knowledge by contract. This article takes the case of traditional knowledge marketization in China as its research sample, summarizing four typical traditional knowledge benefit-sharing modes. By considering stakeholders’ motivation, purpose and negotiation ability in different modes, we find that the commonly agreed conditions with the contract as the main method show substantial unfairness characteristics, and put forward the corresponding optimization scheme of a benefit-sharing mode. The central argument is that substantive fairness should be the main principle of any traditional knowledge benefit-sharing system to ensure the sustainable development of traditional communities, and make the experience of China available for the international benefit sharing of conventional knowledge property.
Access and benefit-sharing in China: exploring the extent to which China fulfils the obligations of the Nagoya Protocol
Authors: Xia Nan
Published: May 2023

This article critically examines the implementation of the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) through China’s Draft Regulation (2017). The Draft Regulation is still in draft form, but it definitely breaks new ground by establishing the most comprehensive piece of legislation for access and benefit-sharing (ABS) in China. Nevertheless, what is surprising is the absence of rigorous analysis of this ground-breaking legislation. In an attempt to fill the literature gap, while referring to the major provisions of the Nagoya Protocol, this article seeks to investigate how far the Draft Regulation (2017) in China is meeting the requirements of the Nagoya Protocol, identify its normative gaps and figure out what needs to be done in giving full effect to the obligations of the Nagoya Protocol.
Liabilities of virtual world developers as intermediary service providers: the case of Second Life
Authors: Kinikoglu Batu
Published: May 2023

Through a review of the EU and the US regulation and case law, this article discusses the extent to which virtual world developers can be held liable as intermediary service providers with regard to potentially infringing user-created and user-uploaded virtual items. Among many virtual worlds, this study focuses on Second Life, developed by Linden, as it allows user-created and uploaded contents, and offers services such as the Marketplace and LindeX exchange, which enable users and the developer to financially benefit from these contents. The article argues that, beyond mere game developers, virtual world developers such as Linden are intermediary service providers and may be liable with regards to user-created and uploaded content on their services. Within the scope of the EU regime, Linden is too active to benefit from the E-Commerce Directive’s safe harbors. However, it should not be considered as an online content-sharing service provider within the scope of the DSM Directive because Second Life does not compete with other online content services for the same audiences. According to the comprehensive protection brought by the DMCA in the US, Linden can benefit from the safe harbors if it takes the necessary steps after becoming aware of specific infringing activity and fulfills the procedural measures listed in the act.
Kick starting method development for hemp analysis using cannabis as equivalent material
Authors: Chan Kar-Weng
Published: May 2023

Cannabis (or marijuana) is detrimental to humans because of its psychoactive effects. The plant materials of this genus have however been credited with its vast nutritional values. As its benefits outweigh harmful effects, some countries have legalized the use of fiber-type cannabis – a plant product called hemp. Hemp is deemed to contain delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) below the legal limit (e.g. <0.3% THC) and thus less psychoactive. It is safe to use hemp if it contains no or little THC. So the enforcement bodies must check its level to assure safety prior to sales. Notwithstanding this, hemp cultivation as well as consumption is not lawful in Malaysia. But recently, federal government has shown interest in growing and commercializing hemp. In this regard, an analytical method for identifying hemp must be developed. In the absence of hemp, a liquid chromatographic method was developed using cannabis plants as equivalent materials to mimic the target plant matrix. The validation procedure demonstrated that the method was able to achieve good selectivity with a detection limit =0.0005 mg/mL (or 0.008%) THC. It was precise (imprecision <3%) and accurate (recovery =98.76%) to quantify THC. The detector response was linear up to 0.05 mg/mL (0.8%) THC. This method is cheap and simple for routine application.
Elektroniczna biurowość w urzędach gminnych z terenu objętego nadzorem archiwalnym Archiwum Narodowego w Krakowie w latach 2011–2019
Authors: Drzewiecka Dorota
Published: May 2023

Celem artykułu jest analiza rozwoju informatyzacji urzędów gminnych, miejsko-gminnych, miejskich oraz związków międzygminnych z terenu objętego nadzorem archiwalnym Archiwum Narodowego w Krakowie. Badanie zostało przeprowadzone przede wszystkim w oparciu o analizę protokołów kontroli archiwalnych oraz wydanych zaleceń pokontrolnych pozyskanych w trybie dostępu do informacji publicznej. Analizując zebraną dokumentację, przede wszystkim sprawdzano, czy kontrolowana jednostka pracowała w ramach systemu EZD , czy też podstawowym systemem wykonywania czynności kancelaryjnych oraz dokumentowania sposobu prowadzenia spraw był system tradycyjny. Następnie zweryfikowano wszystkie systemy informatyczne oraz rok ich wdrożenia.
Za cezury przyjęto lata 2011–2019. Pierwszą datą jest rok wejścia w życie Rozporządzenia Prezesa Rady Ministrów, które uregulowało możliwość elektronicznego zarządzania dokumentacją m.in. w organach gmin i związków międzygminnych oraz urzędach obsługujących te organy. Datą zamykającą artykuł jest rok wybuchu pandemii CO VID -19.

Digital office management in communes in the area under the archival supervision of the State Archive in Kraków in the years 2011–2019

This paper analyzes the progress of digitalization in the offices of communes, municipalities, and inter-communal associations from the area under the archival supervision of the State Archive in Kraków. The study was mainly based on the analysis of archival audit reports and the post-audit recommendations issued, which were acquired under the Polish freedom of information act. When analyzing the collected documentation, the main objective was determining whether the audited office primarily used the EZD system or the traditional system when conducting office management activities and documenting cases. Then, all IT systems (as well as the year of their implementation) were verified. The study covered the years 2011–2019. 2011 is the year when a new regulation of prime minister entered into force, regulating the possibility of managing documents digitally for communes and inter-communal associations as well as offices operating within these entities. The studied period ends with the breakout of the CO VID - 19 pandemic.
Życie codzienne ludności niemieckiej w stolicy Kraju Warty Poznaniu na podstawie dokumentów z wybranych archiwów
Authors: Dreves Friedrich
Published: May 2023

W okresie II wojny światowej Poznań o zniemczonej nazwie Posen był stolicą wcielonego do Wielkiej Rzeszy Niemieckiej „wzorcowego okręgu” o nazwie Okręg Kraj Warty (Mustergau Wartheland). Ludność niemiecką w Poznaniu, której liczebność od czasu wybuchu wojny do 1944 r. wzrosła z 6 do 100 tys. osób, stanowiły heterogeniczne grupy takie jak: Niemcy z R zeszy, przesiedleńcy, głównie z państw bałtyckich, i tzw. Volksdeutsche. Ich życie codzienne w Poznaniu nie zostało dotychczas zbadane i opracowane, pomimo że aspekt ten stanowi interesujący temat historiograficzny. W celu jego rekonstrukcji nie należy powoływać się jedynie na bogate zasoby Archiwum Państwowego w Poznaniu i placówek Bundesarchiv, lecz uwzględnić w nich również inne, mocno rozproszone źródła. Są one przechowywane w licznych — wskazanych w tekście — niemieckich archiwach naukowych i bibliotekach, które nie zawsze specjalizują się w badaniach nad historią Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej.

Daily lives of German people in Poznań, the capital of the Wartheland, based on documents from selected archives

In the years of the Second World War, Poznań (Germanized name — Posen), was the capital of the “model administrative unit” called Mustergau Wartheland and incorporated into Nazi Germany. From the outbreak of the war, the number of Germans in Poznań grew: in 1939, there were 6,000 G ermans, and in 1944 — 100,000. They belonged to several heterogeneous groups such as: Germans from the Reich, displaced persons (mainly from the Baltic states), as well as the so-called Volksdeutsche. Their daily lives in Poznań have not been researched and described yet, even though this makes an interesting historiographical topic. In order to reconstruct them, one should not only refer to the rich resources of the State Archive in Poznań and the Bundesarchiv branches, but also include other, largely dispersed sources. These are stored in numerous German scientific archives and libraries (described in the article), which do not always specialize in studies on the history of Central and Eastern Europe.
Zabójstwo ks. Stanisława Streicha i jego obraz w świetle protokołu sekcji zwłok
Authors: Szudarski Łukasz , Skowrońska Dagmara , Kołowski Janusz , Burchardt Bartosz
Published: May 2023

Artykuł jest próbą ponownego spojrzenia na sprawę zabójstwa śp. księdza Stanisława Streicha, dokonanego przez Wawrzyńca Nowaka 27 lutego 1938 r. Weryfikując wspomnienia świadków zdarzenia, a także zapoznawszy się z treścią ówczesnych relacji prasowych, autorzy zestawili zebrane informacje z treścią protokołu sekcyjnego sporządzonego przez doktora Stanisława Łagunę, w celu potwierdzenia ustalonych dotychczas faktów w sprawie popełnionej zbrodni. Dodatkowym celem było natomiast interdyscyplinarne podejście w formie połączenia pracy hi204 Łukasz Szudarski, Dagmara Skowrońska, Janusz Kołowski, Bartosz Burchardt storyka i medyków, aby określić szczegółowo okoliczności śmierci kapłana i podjąć się próby zidentyfikowania rodzaju broni, której sprawca użył do popełnienia przestępstwa. Jednocześnie autorzy tekstu postanowili zweryfikować możliwość przypisania Wawrzyńcowi Nowakowi przynależności do organizacji o charakterze komunistycznym, w świetle informacji zawartych w dostępnych obecnie materiałach źródłowych.

The murder of father Stanisław Streich and its depiction in the light of his autopsy report

The article aims at re-examining the murder of father Stanisław Streich by Wawrzyniec Nowak on February 27, 1938. By verifying the accounts of witnesses to this event and reading the contemporary news coverage, the authors compared the collected information with the autopsy report by the physician Stanisław Łaguna, in order to confirm the facts regarding the crime. An additional objective was to adopt an interdisciplinary approach that would combine the work of historians and physicians to determine the circumstances of the priest’s death in detail, and to attempt to identify the type of weapon the perpetrator used to commit this crime. At the same time, the authors tried to verify whether it is possible to identify Wawrzyniec Nowak as a member of a communist organization, based on information included in the source materials that are now available.
Przemysł mineralnych materiałów budowlanych w latach 1971–1981. Boom inwestycyjny, zjawiska kryzysowe i narodziny „Solidarności”
Authors: Bereszyński Zbigniew
Published: May 2023

W 1971 r. nowe kierownictwo Polskiej Zjednoczonej Partii Robotniczej na czele z E dwardem Gierkiem doprowadziło do wdrożenia nowej strategii gospodarczej, określanej jako strategia dynamicznego rozwoju. Strategia ta zaowocowała pozytywnymi zmianami m.in. w przemyśle mineralnym materiałów budowlanych. W latach siedemdziesiątych XX w. przemysł ten został znacznie rozwinięty i unowocześniony. Konsekwentna realizacja tej strategii okazała się jednak ostatecznie niemożliwa, głównie z braku dostatecznych środków finansowych. Początkowe sukcesy ustąpiły miejsca przejawom pogłębiającego się kryzysu społeczno-gospodarczego. Konsekwencją tego były m.in. różnego rodzaju sytuacje konfliktowe w zakładach pracy. Latem 1980 r. także w zakładach pracy przemysłu mineralnego materiałów budowlanych doszło do akcji strajkowych. W ślad za tym doszło do powstania struktur „Solidarności” w poszczególnych zakładach pracy oraz na szczeblu ogólnopolskim.

Mineral construction materials industry in the years 1971–1981. Investment boom, crises, and the birth of “Solidarity”

In 1971, the new leadership of the Polish United Workers’ Party, headed by Edward Gierek, introduced a new economic strategy, called the “strategy of dynamic growth”. This strategy brought about positive results, for instance in the sector of mineral construction materials. In the 1970s, this sector underwent intense development and modernization. In the end, the strategy was not consistently implemented, mainly due to the lack of sufficient financing. Over time, its initial success was overshadowed by the intensifying social and economic crisis, which resulted with conflicts in workplaces, among other consequences. In the summer of 1980, workers went on strike also in mineral construction material factories. This was followed by the formation of “Solidarity” branches in individual workplaces and at the national level.
Inwentarz parafii Rząśnia z 1918 r.
Authors: Widera Michał
Published: May 2023

Parafia pw. św. Rocha w R ząśni z pewnością istniała już w 1403 r. Pierwszy drewniany kościół przetrwał do XVI w., a następnie w jego miejscu wzniesiono nowy, który przetrwał do 1862 r. W 1918 r. proboszczem parafii został ks. Wacław Kokowski. Inwentarz własności kościoła i probostwa w R ząśni został sporządzony w związku z jego instalacją na urzędzie, której dokonał dziekan przy udziale członków dozoru kościelnego. Przedstawia on ówczesny stan kościoła, który został wybudowany w latach 1862–1866, jego wyposażenie wraz ze szczegółowym wykazem naczyń i szat liturgicznych oraz ksiąg parafialnych i sprzętów kościelnych, a także zwięzły opis cmentarzy, plebanii, budynków gospodarczych i majątku ziemskiego.

Inventory of the Rząśnia parish from 1918

It is certain that the St. Roch parish in Rząśnia existed in 1403. The first wooden church survived until the 16th century. It was later replaced by a new church that stood until 1862. In 1918, father Wacław Kokowski became the vicar of the parish. The inventory of the assets of the church and the vicarage in Rząśnia was made in connection with his appointment to this parish by the dean accompanied by the members of the church’s supervisory body. The inventory presents the condition of the church built in the years 1862–1866 and contains lists of fittings, vessels, and robes, as well as the parish books and church equipment, with a brief description of cemeteries, the vicarage, farm buildings, and the estate.