bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decentralized Controller Design for Forbidden States Avoidance in Timed Discrete Event Systems
Authors: Aybar Aydın
Published: January 2016

A decentralized controller design approach is developed for the timed discrete event systems which are modelled by timed automata in this work. An approach, called augmentation, is presented to obtain the new modelling method such that each unit delay of any event represents a pair of new state and event. The augmented automata model, obtained by using this approach, is considered to design a decentralized controller. This controller design approach is developed such that the local controller is designed for each subautomaton, obtained by using overlapping decompositions and expansions and these controllers are then combined to obtain a decentralized controller for the given timed automaton. The designed decentralized controller guarantees the unreachability of a forbidden state in the considered automaton.
Genetic Algorithm Based Feature Selection In a Recognition Scheme Using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Techniques
Authors: Bhattacharya Mahua , Das Arpita
Published: January 2016

The problem of feature selection consists of finding a significant feature subset of input training as well as test patterns that enable to describe all information required to classify a particular pattern. In present paper we focus in this particular problem which plays a key role in machine learning problems. In fact, before building a model for feature selection, our goal is to identify and to reject the features that degrade the classification performance of a classifier. This is especially true when the available input feature space is very large, and need exists to develop an efficient searching algorithm to combine these features spaces to a few significant one which are capable to represent that particular class. Presently, authors have described two approaches for combining the large feature spaces to efficient numbers using Genetic Algorithm and Fuzzy Clustering techniques. Finally the classification of patterns has been achieved using adaptive neuro-fuzzy techniques. The aim of entire work is to implement the recognition scheme for classification of tumor lesions appearing in human brain as space occupying lesions identified by CT and MR images. A part of the work has been presented in this paper. The proposed model indicates a promising direction for adaptation in a changing environment.
Hierarchical and Reweighting Cluster Kernels for Semi-Supervised Learning
Authors: Bodó Zalán , Csató Lehel
Published: January 2016

Recently semi-supervised methods gained increasing attention and many novel semi-supervised learning algorithms have been proposed. These methods exploit the information contained in the usually large unlabeled data set in order to improve classification or generalization performance. Using data-dependent kernels for kernel machines one can build semi-supervised classifiers by building the kernel in such a way that feature space dot products incorporate the structure of the data set. In this paper we propose two such methods: one using specific hierarchical clustering, and another kernel for reweighting an arbitrary base kernel taking into account the cluster structure of the data.
The Avatar in the Context of Intelligent Social Semantic Web
Authors: Brașoveanu Adrian , Nagy Mariana , Mateuț-Petrișor Oana , Urziceanu Ramona
Published: January 2016

When the first articles about the SemanticWeb (SW) appeared, there were hardly any signals that the next revolution would be related to social networking. Social networking services (SNS) have grown after MySpace, LinkedIn and Facebook were launched in 2003- 2004 and combine text, images, movies, music, animations and all sorts of lists to create personal presentation pages for users, means to connect to real or virtual friends from all over the world and recommendations based on trust. The rise of the Social Semantic Web and the convergence of different media to create rich experiences is one of the most interesting paradigm shift in the last decades because the probable effect of this movement is the fact that in one day virtual meetings will become legitimate in all aspects of our daily lives (if they are not already). The most important question in this context (the one that we try to answer in this paper) is related to how people will try to shape and use their avatars. In order to understand this, we will study the links between multimodal ontologies, affective interfaces, social data portability and other recent findings.
 This paper starts with a survey of the current literature of the field, examines some social semantic web mechanisms that changed the way we think about SNs and in the end discusses some methods of connecting emotions with the social semantic web which pose some interesting questions related to the use of avatars. Between conclusions, one of the most interesting is the one that states that the use of affective interfaces adds value to the multimodal ontologies, while another suggests that the avatar must be a mediator between different technologies.
Geologic conceptual model of the municipality of Sete Lagoas (MG, Brazil) and the surroundings
Authors: GALVÃO PAULO , HIRATA RICARDO , CORDEIRO ARNALDO , BARBATI DANIELA , PEÑARANDA JORGE
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT The study area is located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, among the municipalities of Pedro Leopoldo, Matozinhos, and Sete Lagoas, with Velhas River as the eastern boundary. It is located in the São Francisco Craton, where carbonated argillo-arenaceous sediments are emplaced giving origin to the Bambuí Group, in the São Francisco Basin. Despite the geological knowledge previously developed, the region needs work on integration and detailing of such information. For this reason, the main objective was to contribute to the quality of the geologic cartography, the spatial distribution, and the structural framework geometry. Thus, geologic mapping, aerial photography interpretation, and evaluation of 270 lithologic well profiles were carried out. It was possible to establish a new geologic perspective of the region by obtaining the detailed geologic map of the municipality of Sete Lagoas, 14 geologic cross sections, and a geologic conceptual model. The study showed that the area is within a basin border, presenting a geometry conditioned by horst and graben system controlled by faulting. This structural feature displaced stratigraphic sequences positioning them side by side with lithologic sequences with different ages.
ESTUDO DOS EFEITOS DO BRANQUEAMENTO NA RETENÇÃO DE CAULIM E NAS PROPRIEDADES DO PAPEL1
Authors: Santos Ivan Rodrigues dos , Ventorim Gustavo , Caraschi José Cláudio , Favaro Jaqueline Silveira Comelato
Published: January 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influência do emprego de sequências de branqueamento na retenção de diferentes teores de caulim e nas propriedades do papel formado. Foram adotadas três sequências de branqueamento do tipo ECF para uma mesma polpa de eucalipto pré-deslignificada com oxigênio, sendo elas: D(E+P)DP (referência, ECF), AHT D(E+P)DP (A-ECF) e AHT D(E+P)P (ECF-Light), com 20 kg/t a.s. de peróxido de hidrogênio no estágio final. As polpas foram branqueadas até a obtenção de 90 ± 0,5% ISO de alvura. Posteriormente, foi realizada a substituição da fibra por carga de caulim na proporção de 0% a 35%, com intervalos de 5%, para cada polpa. As folhas de papel, formadas com gramatura de 60 g/m2, foram caracterizadas quanto às propriedades físicas e mecânicas. Também foram analisadas as dimensões das fibras obtidas em cada sequência de branqueamento. Os resultados indicaram que a sequência de branqueamento influencia tanto na retenção, devido ao tamanho das fibras e ao teor de finos gerado por sequência de branqueamento, quanto nas propriedades físicas e mecânicas do papel para cada teor de caulim. A sequência ECF-Light apresentou melhor retenção, e o papel produzido com a polpa obteve melhores resultados de lisura, enquanto a sequência OAHT D(E+P)DP mostrou maior resistência interna e maior resistência à compressão. A polpa ECF exibiu melhores resultados de índice de rasgo, de viscosidade, de rendimento e de qualidade de fibra.Concluiu-se que, quanto maior a quantidade de caulim no papel, menor a sua resistência mecânica.
Modelo de Análise da Oferta de Exportação de Milho Brasileira: 2001 a 2012
Authors: Favro Jackelline , Caldarelli Carlos Eduardo , Camara Marcia Regina Gabardo da
Published: January 2016

Resumo: Este estudo tem como objetivo estimar a função de oferta de exportação de milho para o Brasil, no período de 2001 a 2012. Para esta análise foi desenvolvido um modelo teórico, estimado utilizando-se cointegração e modelo de autorregressão vetorial com correção de erros (VEC). As variáveis utilizadas foram: exportação de milho, preço internacional do milho, abate de aves, preço da soja e PIB mundial. Os resultados alcançados apontaram a existência de relação de longo prazo entre as variáveis do modelo. O preço internacional do milho, o abate de aves, o preço da soja e o PIB mundial apresentaram sinais condizentes com o modelo teórico. Observou-se impacto positivo nas exportações de milho após um choque não antecipado no preço da soja e impacto negativo após um choque não antecipado no abate de aves. Já com relação ao preço internacional, verificou-se que um choque nessa variável provoca um impacto negativo sobre as exportações de milho. Com o objetivo de verificar as relações entre o preço doméstico e o preço internacional do milho, realizou-se o teste de exogeneidade fraca e constatou-se que, apesar deste mercado ainda não apresentar a Lei do Preço Único, mudanças no preço internacional do milho afetam o preço doméstico.
A DIMENSÃO ÉTICO-POLÍTICA DA HUMANIZAÇÃO E A FORMAÇÃO DE APOIADORES INSTITUCIONAIS
Authors: Matias Maria Claudia Souza , Verdi Marta Inez Machado , Finkler Mirelle
Published: January 2016

Resumo Ao se afirmar como política pública fundamentada no paradigma ético-estético-político, a Política Nacional de Humanização introduz um novo sentido para a proposta de humanização da saúde: um sentido contra-hegemônico, associado à compreensão da vida como abertura e multiplicidade. Em face do desafio de operar um conceito tão inovador e contrário às práticas tradicionais, este estudo buscou discutir o entendimento e a vivência que apoiadores institucionais formados pela Política Nacional de Humanização tinham da dimensão ético-política contida na proposta. O objeto desta pesquisa foi investigado à luz de abordagem metodológica qualitativa, de caráter exploratório-descritiva, tendo como sujeitos os egressos de um processo de formação de apoiadores institucionais realizado em 2009 em Santa Catarina. Por meio de entrevistas e pesquisa documental, obtiveram-se como resultados uma compreensão da dimensão fundamentada na valorização dos sujeitos e na democratização das relações. As vivências e experimentações, entretanto, foram marcadas por obstáculos e desafios, como o da concentração de poder nas instituições e o da fragilidade do modelo de atenção à saúde, ainda pautado nas racionalidades gerencial e biomédica. Também se interpuseram como desafio dificuldades relacionadas à compreensão de alguns conceitos da Política e aos modos como tem se organizado nos serviços de saúde e interfederativamente.
O CASAMENTO COMO "ARMÁRIO": HISTÓRIAS DE UM HOMEM COM CONDUTA HOMOSSEXUAL NO PANTANAL DE MATO GROSSO DO SUL
Authors: Passamani Guilherme R.
Published: January 2016

Resumo Neste artigo analiso a trajetória de um homem com conduta homossexual na região do Pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Proponho pensar as convenções de gênero e sexualidade construídas a partir da relação com os diferentes regimes de visibilidade a que esteve submetido ao longo do curso da vida. De um lado, recorro à noção de "armário homossexual" (homossexual closet) para analisar as estratégias adotadas por ele para a vivência de uma conduta homossexual. De outro, incorporo a noção de "mapas de segurança" para refletir sobre o modo com que os sujeitos controlam e administram estrategicamente os graus de visibilidade mais ou menos possíveis de suas condutas homossexuais de acordo com os territórios sociais nos quais circulam e interagem.
TRAVESTIS Y VECINOS DE LA 'ZONA ROJA' DE PALERMO: DISTANCIAS Y CERCANÍAS EN CONFLICTO. CIUDAD DE BUENOS AIRES, 1998-2012
Authors: Boy Martín
Published: January 2016

Resumen En este artículo se analizará la 'zona roja' del barrio porteño de Palermo, como un conflicto urbano que devino un problema político. Vecinos, travestis, funcionarios públicos, autoridades religiosas y empresarios se manifestaron acerca de la oferta de sexo de travestis en las calles del barrio. Las diferentes argumentaciones pusieron en debate cuál era el proyecto de ciudad que debía promoverse desde las políticas públicas y quién merecía vivir en la ciudad y quién no. En este trabajo se analiza lo que sucede cuando la desigualdad social se encuentra en el espacio público. Los repertorios morales de los diferentes actores involucrados pusieron en tensión cuán tolerable podía ser la presencia de prácticas e identidades ilegítimas y cómo, desde la gestión pública, la administración de las distancias y las cercanías espaciales entre los diferentes se convirtió en un elemento vital para solucionar un conflicto urbano y moral.
Outros Ritmos em Escolas da Periferia de São Paulo
Authors: Pereira Alexandre Barbosa
Published: January 2016

Resumo: O artigo apresenta pesquisa em escolas públicas da periferia de São Paulo a fim de entender o desenvolvimento das sociabilidades juvenis. A proposta é descrever as dimensões que a categoria juventude adquire a partir das experiências que os estudantes vivenciam. Os jovens engendram ritmos que se contrapõem ao ritmo disciplinar. Por meio das novas tecnologias e da cultura de massa, eles têm participado de outras atividades, constituindo públicos específicos, formados prévia e externamente à escola. Assim, se a escola tenta fechar-se ao mundo externo com portões e grades, os jovens com seus diferentes ritmos, principalmente o das zoeiras, introduzem no espaço escolar os mais diferentes e singulares mundos.
Ensino Médio em São Paulo: a expansão das matrículas nos anos 1990
Authors: Corti Ana Paula
Published: January 2016

Resumo: O artigo integra pesquisa sobre a expansão do Ensino Médio no estado de São Paulo, no período de 1991 a 2003. Justamente na década voltada à focalização das políticas no Ensino Fundamental, o Ensino Médio viveu o maior período do seu crescimento. São apresentados os dados acerca da evolução das matrículas nas quatro redes de ensino: estadual, particular, municipal e federal, bem como sua distribuição entre a Região Metropolitana e o Interior paulista. Também são apresentadas as matrículas por período, por série, e no ensino médio rural. Por fim, o texto aponta possibilidades de interpretação do fenômeno.
Flora of Bolivia - where do we stand?
Authors: Meneses RI. , Beck S. , García E. , Mercado M. , Araujo A. , Serrano M.
Published: January 2016

Abstract The botanical exploration of Bolivia during the last two centuries did not leave a botanical legacy in the country. Only towards the end of the 20th century Bolivia saw the start of the biology careers at its universities and the development of its own herbaria. Nowadays there are important herbaria in La Paz, Santa Cruz, Cochabamba and Sucre with collections ranging between 40,000 and 350,000 specimens. In 2014 a catalogue of the vascular flora of Bolivia was published under the auspices of the Missouri Botanical Garden, recording 15,345 species, of which 12,165 are native and 2,343 are endemic, while 694 are cultivated, 267 adventitious and 221 are naturalized. Endemic species of vascular plants add up to 2,343 species. The 286 families listed follow the APG III classification system. There are about 150 botanists in Bolivia interested in studying the country's rich flora. During a workshop organized in 2013 to promote a Flora of Bolivia, the participants established jointly a preliminary format for the taxonomic treatments. The Flora of Bolivia is planned to be an electronic, open access publication with international participation. The World Flora represents a challenge that must be tackled by circumscribing, verifying and recording all species known within our territory, and it is expected that it will have positive repercussions from and towards the ongoing Flora of Bolivia, in a similar way as the long running series of the Flora Neotropica has provided a wider picture that can be adapted and modified to fit our particular country.
BOWEL PREPARATION BEFORE COLONOSCOPY FOR CHILDREN: comparison of efficacy of three different methods
Authors: DEHGHANI Seyed Mohsen , JAVAHERIZADEH Hazhir , HAGHIGHAT Mahmood , IMANIEH Mohammad-Hadi , GHANBARI Saeed
Published: January 2016

Background - Colonoscopy is an important diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. Adequate bowel preparation is mandatory. Several regimens were discussed in the literature. Among the drugs which has recently used, polyethylene glycol is one of the most popular agents. Objectives - The aim of this study was to compare efficacy of three different methods for 1 day preparation before colonoscopy. Methods - This study included children with the range of ages (2-21) who had an indication of colonoscopy. Exclusion criteria were based on the history of previous surgery, parental disagreement, and patients who did not use preparation protocol. Three methods for bowel preparation were studied: 1- Polyethylene glycol only; 2- Polyethylene glycol and bisacodyl suppositories; 3- Polyethylene glycol plus normal saline enema. Boston Bowel Preparation Score was used for evaluation of preparation. SPSS version 16.0 (Chicago, IL, USA) were used for data analysis. Results - In this study 83 cases completed the bowel preparation completely. Acceptable bowel preparation was seen in 24 (85.71%), 36 (94.73%), and 14 (82.35%) of cases in PEG, PEG + bisacodyl, and PEG + normal saline enema groups respectively. PEG + bisacodyl suppositories was more effective than PEG + normal saline for the preparation of the first segment ( P=0.05). For second and third segment of colon, BPPS score was higher in PEG + bisacodyl suppositories compared to other regimens, but this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion - There was no significant difference between 1 day colonoscopy regimens in terms of bowel preparation score. Lowest score was seen in PEG + enema group compared to other group.
Vejez y Género en la Antropología Brasileña
Authors: Moraes-Alves Andrea
Published: January 2016

This article presents a panorama of the ethnographic Brazilian production on gender and old age. The text explores some pioneering researches on the topic and indicates possible developments. The tradition of anthropologic research on gender and old age in Brazil began between the years 1970/1980 and it actually remains active. The first articles and spread books considered the family and work relations. A little time later, the researches proliferated on topics as the urban sociability and the body. Nowadays, the field of studies on sexuality attracts new researches. All these works contributed to the dissemination of the generational perspective in gender studies. The generational perspective implies a comparative exercise, since thinking in terms of aging generation paths makes possible an attention to the sense of the changes and the permanencies in the gender interpretations and practices.
¿Quién Teme al Espejo? Una Polémica Sociológica en Torno a Cómo los Gays Ven el Envejecimiento Gay
Authors: Meccia Ernesto
Published: January 2016

Our aim is to analyze different representational forms of gay ageing by old gays. We will draw on aspects related to various theoretical viewpoints and enhance them by presenting empirical evidence with a critical approach. Thus, we will delve into the theory of competence in crisis, some theories of adjustment and resilience, the theory of fast aging, and last, the theory of minority stress. Our reflection is focused on aging experienced by gays who have witnessed social changes as from the 70s, taking into account they represent a turning point in gay subjectivity formed by contrasting representational repertoires, some deriving from an old homosexuality pattern in which they socialized primarily and others from the gay model fostered, generically, after the Stonewall uprising. From the methodological point of view, the texts of the authors considered representative of the theories mentioned are crossed. Then, each was busy trying to point out their particular strengths and limitations providing primary data (interviews) and secondary (statistics on perceptions and interviews). In conclusion, it is noted that there have been contrasting situations in the aging process based on heterogeneous analysis variables, including: sexual identity, the scene of identity (areas of healthcare are clearly regressive to show the gay identity) and, among others, by the features that subjects allocated to institutional environments within which developed his biography.
Las Canas de la Devoción: Prácticas Religiosas y Perspectiva de Género
Authors: Vázquez-Palacios Felipe R.
Published: January 2016

Mi objetivo es mostrar las diferencias entre ancianos y ancianas, católicos y evangélicos desde una perspectiva de género. El punto de partida es que cada etapa de la vida tiene su propia devoción, compromiso religioso y social, y que los roles masculinos/femeninos se reconfiguran, redefinen y flexibilizan conforme se transita a edades avanzadas (por arriba de los 75 años). El análisis se sustenta en una investigación etnográfica en la que se realizaron 100 entrevistas y observaciones a profundidad en contextos rurales del Golfo de México entre 2010 y 2015. Los resultados evidenciaron que, independientemente del sexo y prácticas religiosas, al irse reduciendo la participación cultica y el círculo social, se adoptaron ciertos roles, símbolos y significados religiosos, que se volvieron más personales y conllevaron, la mayoría de las veces, interacciones de mayor complementariedad y solidaridad donde la continuidad o discontinuidad de los roles masculinos y femeninos se entrecruzan en sus fronteras constantemente y donde lo más importante es el ser humano como tal.
Las Mujeres Viudas en España
Authors: López Doblas Juan
Published: January 2016

In Spain, little knowledge exists on the living arrangements of the widowed women. This paper approaches the above mentioned object of study from a sociological perspective. The theoretical exposition gathers contributions of researches realized in other countries where this question has been treated, considering if they live alone, if they share the home with children and/or with relatives of other generations, or if they have returned to find couple. A descriptive empirical analysis is carried out, using secondary information proceeding from several censuses of population, which reveals the continuous expansion that living alone is registering, and the detriment of the intergenerational conviviality. It is also necessary to emphasize how the living arrangements change depending on the life course and, from the sociodemographic perspective, how the widowhood tends to intensively be concentrated in the old age.
Género y Generación: Influencia en la Implicación Política de los Mayores en España
Authors: Riesco Emilia
Published: January 2016

España experimenta un proceso de envejecimiento demográfico desde hace varias décadas que la sitúan actualmente como uno de los países más envejecidos del mundo. Este proceso lleva asociados cambios en las características de las diferentes generaciones, que serán especialmente relevantes en las cohortes futuras de personas mayores. Concretamente, el envejecimiento de la población alterará los patrones de implicación política. Este trabajo analiza la influencia que pudieran tener tanto las cuestiones de género como la generación en el comportamiento político de las personas mayores. Se realiza un estudio relacional basado en la explotación de datos del Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas. Los hallazgos del mismo evidencian que género y generación introducen importantes diferencias tanto en el interés como en la participación social. Se concluye aportando averiguaciones acerca de la importancia que tiene la pertenencia a una determinada generación en lo que respecta a la implicación en los asuntos públicos, frente a consideraciones frecuentes que le atribuyen un mayor protagonismo a la edad. Asimismo, se aporta información relevante acerca de la próxima generación de mayores, que no sólo tendrá una gran importancia numérica sino que, plausiblemente, asumirá un importante protagonismo social.
Editorial. Vejez y Género. Algunos Conceptos para el Análisis y el Debate
Authors: Sánchez Vera Pedro
Published: January 2016

Este artículo ofrece una introducción al número especial de la revista sobre "Vejez y Género", una revisión de algunos conceptos para el análisis y el debate, y una presentación de los artículos seleccionados.
The effects of volunteer service on Chinese college students’ social responsibility
Authors: Liu Xun , Wei Hailing
Published: January 2016

Purpose - Growing involvement by Chinese college students in volunteer service has been greeted as a sign of the rising social responsibility among the young. While commitment to volunteer service is growing, there is limited evidence of its impact on participants. There are even some misinterpretations or controversy on the effect of volunteer service. The purpose of this paper is to answer the question: can volunteer service experience of limited intensity and duration have an impact on the development of Chinese college students’ social responsibility?

Design/methodology/approach - College student volunteers, who served for approximately one month, were administered a pre- and post-test assessment using multi-item scales to determine if a student’s social responsibility would increase as a result of their volunteer service. Some interviews were done to collect information about the changes of volunteers. The final sample included 130 students. 107 students participated in voluntary teaching in rural areas in China and 27 students participated in the Association Internationale des Etudiants en Sciences Economiques et Commerciales (AIESEC) international volunteer service organization. The Scale of Social Responsibility Development (SSRD) was chosen as the instrument for this study.

Findings - Based on combined survey and interview data, the results show that students’ social responsibility increased significantly after volunteer service regardless of the service type. The length and the service experience have significant impact on the development of college students’ social responsibility. No significant effects were found in gender or parental education level.

Originality/value - Compared with Western college students, who possess a long volunteer service tradition, Chinese college students have a relatively short history in terms of volunteer service. Many Chinese college students will not start participating in volunteer service until college. Chinese students have distinctive characteristics: comparatively mature cognitive ability and value system and limited volunteer service experience. This study can help to explain and examine the unique effects of volunteer service participation on the development of Chinese college students’ social responsibility.
Relationship of Competitiveness and Social Cohesion in the European Union
Authors: Zoltan Dr. Eperjesi
Published: January 2016

The current study strives to present how the European Union changed its economic policy due to the economic and financial crises and the fierce global competition. The main emphasis was laid upon competitiveness on contrary of cohesion and social and economic close up of the newly joined Middle- and Eastern European countries. Funds serving the target of competitiveness for growth and employment are increased by 6-7% annually during the budget period 2007-2013 while agricultural spending decreases by 3% annually. The change of paradigm projects the two speed Europe concept and causes severe tensions between the core regions and the peripheries. 
Intercultural Communications and Global Social Existence: a cross cultural analysis of communication theory
Authors: Miller Leon
Published: January 2016

At the mid-point of the second decade of the 21st century humanity is on the verge of another revolutionary advancement and this leap in the progression of civilization is brought about by communication.  However, what makes the current revolutionary paradigm shift unique is the extent to which it has created: global-local dialectics, global interdependence, and communication media are contributing to creating multi-levels of global networks that are rapidly advancing civilization to the global level.

 

The shift to the technological age is accompanied by a convergence of global communication media. This convergence is exemplified by media, industries, and human interests (at multi-levels) becoming integrated.  This makes a cross-cultural analysis of the semiotic nature of communication and of the impact of media on global social existence essential for creating theoretical insight into the role of media in shaping the future global experience. This article argues that a comparative analysis of the role of communication in shaping culture and the advancement of civilization indicates that the ontological nature of communication reflects a semiotic/dialectic (yin-yang) type dichotomy inherent in the nature of existence that can only be resolved by creating larger spheres of beneficial interactions. 
A new modified nonlinear Muskingum model and its parameter estimation using the adaptive genetic algorithm
Authors: Zhang Song , Kang Ling , Zhou Liwei , Guo Xiaoming
Published: January 2016

First, a novel nonlinear Muskingum flood routing model with a variable exponent parameter and simultaneously considering the lateral flow along the river reach (named VEP-NLMM-L) was developed in this research. Then, an improved real-coded adaptive genetic algorithm (RAGA) with elite strategy was applied for precise parameter estimation of the proposed model. The problem was formulated as a mathematical optimization procedure to minimize the sum of the squared deviations (SSQ) between the observed and the estimated outflows. Finally, the VEP-NLMM-L was validated on three watersheds with different characteristics (Case 1 to 3). Comparisons of the optimal results for the three case studies by traditional Muskingum models and the VEP-NLMM-L show that the modified Muskingum model can produce the most accurate fit to outflow data. Application results in Case 3 also indicate that the VEP-NLMM-L may be suitable for solving river flood routing problems in both model calibration and prediction stages.
Persian Gardens: Meanings, Symbolism, and Design
Authors: Mahmoudi Farahani Leila , Motamed Bahareh , Jamei Elmira
Published: January 2016

Culture and identity in a society can be represented in the architecture and the meanings intertwined with it. In this sense, the architecture and design are the interface for transferring meaning and identity to the nation and future generations. Persian gardens have been evolved through the history of Persian Empire in regard to the culture and beliefs of the society. This paper aims to investigate the patterns of design and architecture in Persian gardens and the meanings intertwined with their patterns and significant elements such as water and trees. Persian gardens are not only about geometries and shapes; but also manifest different design elements, each representing a specific symbol and its significance among the society. This paper seeks to explore Persian gardens in terms of their geometric structure, irrigation system, network construction and pavilions alongside design qualities such as hierarchy, symmetry, centrality, rhythm and harmony. In thesecond stage, the paper investigates the fundamental symbols and their philosophy in the creation of Persian gardens and in relation to the architecture and design.
Personal Finance Knowlegde and Practice: An Opinion Survey with Employed and Self-employed People in Pokhara
Authors: Sharma Puspa Raj , Bohara Yub Raj
Published: January 2016

The ability to manage personal finances has become increasingly important in today's world. People must plan for long - term investments for their retirement and children's education. They must also decide on short - term savings and borrowing for daily life like a down payment for a house, a car loan, and other big - ticket items. Additionally, they must manage their different risk and insurance needs. This is might be the first survey about 'Personal Financial Knowledge and Practice' survey was conducted in 2011 with employed and Self-Employed people in Pokhara, Nepal. The survey revealed encouraging findings about how Employed and Self-Employed people of Pokhara approach money matters. This Personal financial literacy modeling research has been attempted to measure the literacy of Personal Finance with respect to their financial knowledge of different financial instrument and their practice or investment decisions. This study is based on stratified random sampling method with the help of financial literacy related parameters. This study has the intention to explore the skills of financial literacy; hence the objective was to test the basic financial knowledge of key products that is common to current society. In general, both categories have fairly healthy attitudes towards basic money management, financial planning and investment matters. Minorities of respondents of both categories save, monitor their spending and are generally responsible in the use of credit. Most of the respondents recognize the importance of financial planning and have done some basic financial planning.The Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol. Vii, No. 1, 2010-2011Page : 80-99Uploaded date: July 8, 2012
Moral Subjectivity and Affective Deficit in the Transitional State
Authors: Beyers Christiaan
Published: January 2016

In the context of transitional justice, how does the reinvented state come to be assumed as a social fact? South African land restitution interpellates victims of apartheid- and colonial-era forced removals as claimants, moral and legal subjects of a virtuous 'new' state. In the emotional narratives of loss and suffering called forth in land claim forms, the state is addressed as a subject capable of moral engagement. Claim forms also 'capture' affects related to the event of forced removals as an unstable political resource. However, within an ultimately legal and bureaucratic process, the desire for recognition is typically not reciprocated. Moreover, material settlements are indefinitely delayed due to political and institutional complications. The resulting disillusionment is counterweighed by persistent aspirations for state redress.
Prevalence of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Two Selected Salad Vegetables and Antibiogram Profile of Klebsiella spp.
Authors: Kundu Sumon Kumar , Islam Md Tanvir
Published: January 2016

The study was conducted to examine microbiological quality of raw salad vegetables of Jessore city of Bangladesh. Fourteen samples of two types of vegetables which are commonly used for salad eg. Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) and Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) were collected from different local markets of Jessore City and their bacteriological attributes were investigated using routine methods. All the vegetables were highly contaminated with coliforms and fecal coliforms. Range of Total Viable Count were 11x106 CFU/g to 20x107 CFU/g for tomato and 12x105 CFU/g to 24x107 CFU/g for cucumber, Total Coliform Count were 11x104 CFU/g to 2 x106 CFU/g for tomato and 10.2x103 CFU/g to 60x104 CFU/g for cucumber and Total Staphyllococcal Count were 11x104 CFU/g to 25x106 CFU/g for tomato and 10x104 CFU/g to 50x106 CFU/g for cucumber. Total coliforms were identified as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter spp. and Shigella spp. Antibiogram was conducted with twelve different antibiotics for some randomly selected pure colonies of Klebsiella spp. Multidrug resistance was observed in 90% isolates with resistance from two to six antibiotics. Hygienic practices should be followed in handling the vegetables in local markets and vegetables might have an important role as a source of antibiotic resistant bacteria.The Agriculturists 2015; 13(1) 9-17
The Socio-economic Status of Horse Owners in Rural Areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Alam M P , Bhuiyan M S A , Bhuiyan A K F H
Published: January 2016

A study was conducted for a period of 60 days to understand the socio-economic status of the horse keepers and explore the opportunity of Indigenous horse rearing in 22 villages of Mymensingh, Tangail, Sherpur and Jamalpur districts in Bangladesh. A total of 200 horse keeping households were surveyed through one-to-one interview. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect information. Farmer exercised traditional knowledge on horse rearing that was used mainly for pulling cart, transportation, land tillage and sports purposes for their livelihood. Most of the horse keepers were experienced in horse rearing for 0.2 to 40 years. Among the horse keepers 54%  were landless followed by marginal (22.5%), small (12.5%),  medium (8%) and large (3%).Their main occupation was horse pulling cart (88%) and the income from horse pulling cart was different from season to season which ranged from TK 3,000 to TK 20,000  per month. In case of secondary occupation, 81.5% farmers were involved in agriculture sector and 9% farmers involved in horse pulling cart. The horse keepers were mostly illiterate (84.7%),   where the highest education level was S.S.C (1%).  This study revealed valuable information which would help in designing proper policy and plan for the improvement of horse genetic resources and their keepers in Bangladesh.The Agriculturists 2015; 13(1) 46-52
Un exemple d'évolution du paysage urbain : la récupération du centre historique de Lima
Authors: Burgos Diana
Published: January 2016

« Evoluciones del paisaje urbano de Lima : la « recuperación » del centra histórico »

Cuando llega al poder en 1996, el alcalde de Lima, Alberto Andrade Carmona, apoyándose en una decision de la Unesco que otorgaba en 1991 al centra histórico el titulo de « patrimonio cultural de la humanidad », inicia una politica que él mismo define como un proyecto de « recuperaciôn ». En efecto, no solo se trata de restaurar el patrimonio arquitectónico y colonial del centra, sino también de expulsar a unos 20 000 vendedores ambulantes que ocupaban las calles desde principios de los anos ochenta. Esta « recuperación », iniciada en un contexto conflictivo entre un poder municipal que va perdiendo legitimidad en la segunda mitad de los años 90 y el gobierno central de Alberto Fujimori, oculta objetivos a la vez culturales, estéticos, sociales y politicos.

El anâlisis de algunas representaciones literarias, sociológicas o urbanisticas del paisaje de Lima nos ofrece una diversidad de opiniones respecto a la evolución del rostra de la capital durante la segunda mitad del siglo veinte. Además, algunas de ellas constituyen una primera justification a la acción de Alberto Andrade. Veremos que este alcalde se apoya en un discurso que hace hincapié en los valores de orden, ciudadania y acceso para todos al espacio público. Sin embargo, este discurso ha provocado el desplazamiento de sectores pobres de la población limeña hacia otras zonas de la capital, y principalmente hacia las barriadas.
Silencios de Caruso, o la ópera en La Habana
Authors: Diaz Roberto Ignacio
Published: January 2016

« Un silence de Caruso, ou l'opéra à La Havane ».

Le 13 juin 1920, au cours d'une représentation de Aida au Théâtre National de la Havane, une bombe fait explosion, après quoi, Enrico Caruso qui interprétait le rôle de Radamès, disparaît pendant plusieurs jours. Le mystère qui entoure cette disparition est le sujet de Como un mensajero tuyo (1998) de la romancière Mayra Montero (née à La Havane en 1952). Dans ce roman, le ténor italien est imaginé en déplacement à travers la campagne cubaine et devient le père d'une fille en qui se mêlent les origines européenne, africaine et asiatique. Aida, comme le fait remarquer E. Said, offre un lieu privilégié d'orientalisme. Selon Th. Adorno, cette œuvre est un modèle des conceptions bourgeoises de l'opéra, cela apparaît encore mieux si on la place dans le contexte cubain : la représentation est un moment culminant de la haute culture de la classe possédante. En même temps, ironiquement, on peut voir dans ce moment de l'histoire de la République une sorte d'opéra comique. Dans le silence de la disparition de Caruso, le roman de Mayra Montero propose de donner une même voix à l'opéra et à l'altérité ethnique. Cette conception littéraire fait comme un écho à Scourge of Hyacinths (1994), opéra de la compositrice cubaine Tania Leon, basée sur un texte de Wole Soyinka.
Viaje al centro del laberinto. Figuras del viaje y la fundación en La Loteria de San Jorge
Authors: Solares Martin
Published: January 2016

Voyage au centre du labyrinthe. Figures du voyage et de la fondation dans La loteria de San Jorge ".

Dans La loteria de San Jorge, le premier roman de l'écrivain mexicain Alvaro Uribe, l'expérience du voyage ressemble au parcours d'un labyrinthe : un chemin complexe, délimité par des murs, qui a au moins une entrée ou un passage vers une sortie ou un centre, sans indications qui montrent la direction à prendre. La forme et la structure de ce labyrinthe font montre de l'influence des œuvres de Browning et de Schwob, mais la principale influence que l'on perçoit dans La loteria de San Jorge reste la prose et la vision du monde de l'écrivain Jorge Luis Borges. Le résultat de cette écriture est un roman fragmentaire, où chaque chapitre a la tension d'une nouvelle, racontée par divers narrateurs ironiques, qui en appellent à la compréhension et au pardon du lecteur. La Loteria de San Jorge offre ainsi une image de la vie comme voyage au centre d'un labyrinthe métaphysique.
Les Évangiles B.n.F., ms. lat. 15520 : un nouveau témoignage de l’art mosan au XIe siècle ?
Authors: Denoël Charlotte
Published: January 2016

Das Evangeliar der französischen Nationalbibliothek (Hs. lat. 15520), ein neues Zeugnis der maasländischen Kunst des 11. Jhds. ?,

von Charlotte Denoël

Das Evangeliar der französischen Nationalbibliothek (Hs. lat. 15520) ist aufgrund seiner vielschichtigen Ausführung sowie seines bemerkenswerten Dekors einzigartig. Beobachtungen unter Heranziehung von Paläographie und Kodikologie ermöglichen seine Datierung in die letzten Jahrzehnte des 11. Jhds. Die reiche ornamentale und figürliche Ausstattung, bestehend aus Kanontafeln, Evangelistenportraits, Text-und Incipitseiten sowie Schmuckinitialen sind stilistisch äußerst eklektisch und heterogen ausgeführt und weisen sowohl frankosächsische als auch ottonische Kunstformen auf. Die Maasregion, in der im 11. Jhd. ein reger Kunstaustausch bestand, könnte dieWiege der Handschrift gewesen sein. Vergleiche von Schrift und Dekor mit einigen Handschriften dieser Region und die Präsenz von mehreren im Hennegau und Umgebung verehrten Heiligen im Sanctorale des Capitulare evangeliorum untermauern diese Hypothese.
Le grand portail de Cluny III
Authors: Stratford Neil
Published: January 2016

The great portal of Cluny III, by Neil Stratford

The destruction of the Cluny portal in 1810 left us with visual documents (very partial), a precise description and many fragments, often excavated. An exhibition in Paris and Cluny is in course of preparation, which will present the latest researches on the portal. Here some observations of a more general kind are offered : on the history of Cluny III and its portal, on the iconography of the lost portal and on its style and place in the history of Romanesque sculpture in Burgundy. Two appendices follow : on the 18th-century Cluny historian, Dr Benoît Dumolin ; on the disjecta membra of the portal, scattered in private collections and in various museums in France and the United States.
Les fenêtres à croisées bretonnes des XVIe et XVIIe siècles
Authors: Tiercelin Arnaud
Published: January 2016

Les fenêtres à croisées bretonnes des XVIe et XVIIe siècles, par Arnaud Tiercelin

Dans l’histoire de l’architecture, les éléments du second-oeuvre et plus particulièrement les châssis de fenêtres demeurent faiblement étudiés. Les rares publications qui leur sont consacrées en donnent encore trop souvent une vision générale où leur évolution est retracée selon une courbe linéaire et une unité nationale qui traduit bien mal la réalité d’autrefois. Les beaux exemples ligériens du XVIe siècle, connus par les relevés du Centre de recherches sur les monuments historiques du ministère de la Culture, ont occulté une réalité plus complexe. Ainsi, grâce à d’exceptionnels témoins retrouvés en Bretagne, nous montrerons le développement d’un type particulier de croisée qui voit le jour à l’aube du XVIe siècle et s’éteint pour l’essentiel à la fin du XVIIe siècle. Trois caractéristiques permettent d’identifier ces croisées. La première affecte la division en compartiments de leur bâti dormant. La deuxième porte sur la mise en oeuvre de leur vitrerie. Enfin, la troisième vise plus spécifiquement la conception des bâtis employés pour constituer leurs volets et notamment la section de leurs éléments.
Le château de Bois-Sire-Amé
Authors: Adam Jean-Pierre , Faucherre Nicolas , Mesqui Jean , Querrien Armelle
Published: January 2016

Le premier intérêt de Bois-Sire-Amé, ruine déchiquetée du sud de Bourges, tient à l’histoire exemplaire d’un déplacement de site castral à l’orée d’un même bois, sans contrainte topographique, avec l’adoption de deux modèles castraux successifs, de la forteresse frontalière en zone d’instabilité à la «folie » retirée, de la motte à deux basses-cours au palais des champs pour un parvenu urbain. Bâti ex nihilo, non pas vers 1440 pour abriter les amours d’Agnès Sorel et de Charles VII, comme le veut la tradition, mais au tournant des années 1400 par l’un des maîtres d’hôtel de Jean de Berry, Jacquelin V Trousseau, en grande proximité stylistique avec les grands chantiers ducaux de Bourges et de Mehun, Bois-Sire-Amé constitue un extraordinaire témoignage sur l’ambition d’un officier de la cour ducale et sur sa nouvelle assise familiale ; il est conçu comme un hommage à son épouse, Philippe de la Charité, et réalisé avec un luxe qui reflète celui de son maître.
Antoine Le Rupt, itinéraire d’un architecte sculpteur d’ornement (vers 1490-vers 1570) en Bourgogne et en Franche-Comté
Authors: Jacquemart Jean-Pierre
Published: January 2016

Antoine Le Rupt, itinéraire d’un architecte sculpteur d’ornement (vers 1490-vers 1570) en Bourgogne et en Franche-Comté, par Jean-Pierre Jacquemart

Quatre thèses de doctorat et de nouvelles études de l’auteur ont permis de restituer, au fil des jours, la vie d’un maçon provincial de l’est de la France, Antoine Le Rupt, pendant une soixantaine d’années. Grâce aux archives et aux édifices auxquels cet artisan a apporté sa contribution à Dijon, Auxonne, Gray, Dole et Pesmes, se dessinent une carrière, une renommée, un style, un tempérament. Se précisent également, de 1508 à 1565, les méthodes de travail, les conceptions des intervenants et, d’une façon plus générale, l’esthétique bourguignonne et comtoise au sein des foyers artistiques de la France septentrionale. Antoine Le Rupt, maçon, sculpteur et maître d’oeuvre, apparaît profondément marqué par le gothique flamboyant lorrain des environs de Nancy. Il est un des rares artisans de cette époque dont la carrière présente une telle suite de réalisations, visibles de nos jours.