bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exogenous ethylene increases methane emissions from canola by adversely affecting plant growth and physiological processes
Authors: Martel Ashley B. , Qaderi Mirwais M.
Published: March 2021

It is well known that ethylene affects plants; however, its regulatory role in plant-derived methane (CH4) has not been addressed. In this study, we determined the effects of exogenous ethylene on canola (Brassica napus L.) growth and physiological traits, endogenous ethylene, and aerobic methane emission. Plants were grown under experimental conditions (22/18 °C, 16 h light : 8 dark; 500 µmol photons·m−2·s−1) for 21 d and were exposed to exogenous ethylene for different durations (0, 1, or 2 h·d−1). Methane and ethylene emissions were measured after 7, 14, and 21 d, whereas growth and physiological traits were measured after 21 d. Overall, methane emissions decreased, but endogenous ethylene increased over time with exogenous ethylene. Plants treated with exogenous ethylene had decreased growth, biomass, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic pigments, and nitrogen balance index, but increased flavonoids. Both methane and ethylene were negatively correlated with most growth and physiological traits. In conclusion, this study revealed that exogenous ethylene significantly increased both endogenous ethylene and methane emissions. Plants exposed to exogenous ethylene were likely stressed and emitted methane, which increased with exposure time.
Interspecific variation in heat tolerance and evaporative cooling capacity among sympatric temperate-latitude bats
Authors: Noakes Matthew J. , McKechnie Andrew E. , Brigham R. Mark
Published: March 2021

We tested the hypothesis that interspecific variation in chiropteran heat tolerance and evaporative cooling capacity is correlated with day-roost microclimates, using three vespertilionid bats that occur sympatrically during summer in Saskatchewan, Canada. We predicted that hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1796); ∼22 g) would have higher heat tolerance than little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus (Le Conte, 1831); ∼7 g) and silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans (Le Conte, 1831); ∼13 g), as the latter two species roost in tree crevices or cavities that are more thermally buffered than the foliage roosts of hoary bats. We measured core body temperature (Tb; passive integrated transponder tags), evaporative water loss, and resting metabolic rate (flow-through respirometry) while exposing individuals to a stepped profile of increasing air temperature (Ta) from ∼30 °C in ∼2 °C increments. Experiments were terminated when individuals became hyperthermic (Tb ≈ 42.5 °C), with maximum Ta (Ta,max) ranging from 42.0 to 49.7 °C. As predicted, hoary bats had the highest heat tolerance and evaporative cooling capacity, reaching Ta,max ∼2.4 and 1.2 °C higher than little brown and silver-haired bats, respectively. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that heat tolerance of bats is correlated with roost microclimates, although interspecific variation in body mass and phylogeny may confound these conclusions.
Acceptability conditions and relativistic barotropic equations of state
Authors: Hernández Héctor , Suárez-Urango Daniel , Núñez Luis A.
Published: March 2021

We sketch an algorithm to generate exact anisotropic solutions starting from a barotropic EoS and setting an ansatz on the metric functions. To illustrate the method, we use a generalization of the polytropic equation of state consisting of a combination of a polytrope plus a linear term. Based on this generalization, we develop two models which are not deprived of physical meaning as well as fulfilling the stringent criteria of physical acceptability conditions. We also show that some relativistic anisotropic polytropic models may have singular tangential sound velocity for polytropic indexes greater than one. This happens in anisotropic matter configurations when the polytropic equation of state is implemented together with an ansatz on the metric functions. The generalized polytropic equation of state is free from this pathology in the tangential sound velocity.
Numerical solution for natural convection fluid flow along a vertical cone with variable diffusivity and wall heat and mass fluxes embedded in a porous medium
Authors: Ghoneim Nourhan I. , Reddy M. Gnaneswara , Megahed Ahmed M.
Published: March 2021

The interaction of thermal radiation and variable diffusivity through a vertical cone has been explored. The Soret and Dufour effects are considered. The main interest is focused on the investigation of properties of both wall heat flux alongside the mass flux through the porous medium. The modeled governing equations are simplified by employing the similarity transformations. The final governing controlled equations are resolved numerically. The behavior of flow field, dimensionless temperature and concentration for the sundry physical flow variables are elaborately analyzed via graphs. We have introduced that the novelty for our work lies in the dependence of variable heat flux on the thermal radiation, whereas the mass flux basically relies on the concentration. Comparison of the present results with the available literature reveals a high performance of the shooting technique for heat and mass transfer rates prediction.
The Flexible Possibilistic-Robust Mathematical Programming Approach for the Resilient Supply Chain Network: An Operational Plan
Authors: Hamidieh Alireza , Arshadikhamseh Alireza
Published: March 2021

Nowadays, the management of soil resources for global food security is one of the strategic purposes of the countries. In this regard, creating soil nutrition’s supply chain network for the fertility of agricultural fields is one of the most critical priorities of the government. In the above strategic network, we are faced with uncertain parameters that show a complex behavior under time, geography, and market changes. This parametric uncertainty is aggravated by the occurrence of disruptions such as sanctions and natural disasters, with devastating effects on strategic, tactical, and operational decisions. In this paper, by adopting a set of reactive and preventive strategies, the resilient supply chain network of dependent petrochemical industries is presented, consistent with the structure of its production cycle in Iran. To cope with the uncertainty, a robust programming approach was extended into flexible-possibilistic programming. The final model controls the uncertainty and risk-aversion of output decisions and effectively confronts the adverse effects of disruptions. Finally, using a real industrial study, the effectiveness and applicability of the final model are explained. Furthermore, by providing efficient solutions, mean cost and minimum standard deviations were achieved.
A Review of Path Planning for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)
Authors: Yaseer Ahmed , Chen Heping
Published: March 2021

The automatic generation of deposition paths for robotic Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) demands unique path planning methods than other additive manufacturing methods because of different natures of the welding processes. The tool paths for additive manufacturing by robotic welding are not fully identical to those of spray coating or CNC machining either. Recently, WAAM has been found to have great potential for the production of large metal parts, but it requires extensive research to make this new method commercially feasible and efficient. Moreover, the path planning methods should be capable of automatically generating optimal 2D paths for any given arbitrary geometry. The efficiency and accuracy of the whole WAAM process largely depend on successfully implementing the 2D tool paths. This paper reviews and analyzes the path planning techniques for WAAM. Various steps of path planning including domain decomposition, path generation, and path connection are elaborately described in this paper.
Volar RIM Plate Rarely Causes Flexor Tendon Complications in a Short Period Despite Its Plate Prominence over the Watershed Line: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Hayakawa Kazuo , Okamoto Hideki , Kojima Taiki , Fukuoka Muneyoshi , Murakami Hideki
Published: March 2021

Background: The DePuy Synthes variable angle LCP® Volar RIM Plate has been designed with its contour to overhang volar rim fragments of the distal radius to prevent secondary displacement after fracture fixation. Therefore, RIM potentially contributes to a risk of flexor tendon rupture due to its plate prominence over the watershed line. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study that aims at describing the occurrence of complications by utilizing RIM as well as three standards VLPs to evaluate the impact of plate design on flexor tendons.

Methods: A total of 84 patients with a volar locking plate fixation were analyzed retrospectively (Far-distal; RIM: 14 cases, Juxta-articular; AcuLoc2 (ACUMED): 20 cases, Dual-Loc V7 (MEIRA): 25 cases, Extra-articular; VA-TCP (DePuy Synthes): 25 cases). Tendinous problems were evaluated with a reported adverse event and flexor tendon appearance examined by utilizing ultrasonography and direct observation during hardware removal. Plate prominence was graded according to Soong’s classification and the distance to flexor tendons was measured to describe the risk that each plate damage the flexor tendons.

Results: The mean follow-up period was 13.0 months. All RIM plates were placed in grade 2 (85.7%) and grade 1 (14.3%). Symptomatic and asymptomatic tendinous problems were barely reported in RIM. The examination of ultrasonography and direct observation during hardware removal showed that tendons smoothly slid without attrition on the curved plate surface of RIM despite their adjacent appositions came from its high and distal plate prominence.

Conclusions: Smooth profile of RIM showed an ability to decrease the potential risk of flexor tendon damage regardless of its prominence over the watershed line. RIM can be applied more to challenging far distal fractures when used judiciously and surgeons need to be even more vigilant for symptoms of tendon irritation as usually recommended without being coward more than necessary.
Clinical Effectiveness of Dorsal Branch Skin Flap of Proper Palmar Digital Artery with Distal Pedicle in Repairing of Fingertip Soft Tissue Defect: A 1-Year Prospective Study in a Chinese Tertiary Referral Teaching Hospital
Authors: Mendame Ehya Regis Ernest , Bounda Guy-Armel , Xiao Weidong , Yu Aixi , Wen Qibai
Published: March 2021

Background: Digital island flap remains among the most useful types of providing soft-tissues coverage for defect on the fingertip accompanied with underlying structures exposure. Nevertheless, its trends of functional and aesthetic issues such as the limited length of advancement and the limited flap size are the essential disadvantages. The main objective of the study was to assess the clinical effectiveness of dorsal branch skin flap of proper palmar digital artery with distal pedicle in repairing of fingertip soft tissue defect accompanied with underlying structures exposure.

Methods: This is a 1-year prospective study, in which 21 patients (24 fingers) with traumatic fingertip skin and soft tissue defects had undergone emergency repair with dorsal skin flap of proper palmar digital artery with distal pedicle. The starting point of the dorsal proper palmar digital artery which is at the connection of distal interphalangeal joint with the digital midline was selected as the rotation point of the surgical skin flap, with an incision area of 1.1 cm × 1.4 cm–2.7 cm × 2.0 cm, the pedicle of 0.8–1.7 cm and disposition of 90°–120° to cover the fingertip.

Results: All flaps had completely healed postoperatively. In 2 cases, tension blisters of the flap and partial necrosis were observed, which survived after change in dressing and rational administration vasodilator medication. Patients were followed up to 6 months. Favorable appearance and function were restored, and satisfactory recovery of the sensory functions of the fingers had been achieved. The two-point discrimination of skin flap with anastomosis of nerve could reach 4.5–9.4 mm (mean, 6.80 mm).

Conclusions: Repairing the fingertip skin and soft tissue defect of 2nd–5th finger via primary surgical repair with dorsal distal pedicle or proper palmar digital artery skin flap is a good technique. The high survival rate of the flap, the favorable flap’s appearance, and the satisfactory recovery of the sensory functions of the fingers are among the advantages of this reconstructive technique.
Beyond Cache Attacks
Authors: Sepúlveda Johanna , Gross Mathieu , Zankl Andreas , Sigl Georg
Published: March 2021

System-on-Chips (SoCs) are a key enabling technology for the Internet-of-Things (IoT), a hyper-connected world where on- and inter-chip communication is ubiquitous. SoCs usually integrate cryptographic hardware cores for confidentiality and authentication services. However, these components are prone to implementation attacks. During the operation of a cryptographic core, the secret key may passively be inferred through cache observations. Access-driven attacks exploiting these observations are therefore a vital threat to SoCs operating in IoT environments. Previous works have shown the feasibility of these attacks in the SoC context. Yet, the SoC communication structure can be used to further improve access-based cache attacks. The communication attacks are not as well-understood as other micro-architectural attacks. It is important to raise the awareness of SoC designers of such a threat. To this end, we present four contributions. First, we demonstrate an improved Prime+Probe attack on four different AES-128 implementations (original transformation tables,
T
0
-Only,
T
2KB
, and S-Box). As a novelty, this attack exploits the collisions of the bus-based SoC communication to further increase its efficiency. Second, we explore the impact of preloading on the efficiency of our communication-optimized attack. Third, we integrate three countermeasures (
shuffling
,
mini-tables
, and
Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA) bus arbitration
) and evaluate their impact on the attack. Although
shuffling
and
mini-tables
countermeasures were proposed in previous work, their application as countermeasures against the bus-based attack was not studied before. In addition, TDMA as a countermeasure for bus-based attacks is an original contribution of this work. Fourth, we further discuss the implications of our work in the SoC design and its perspective with the new cryptographic primitives proposed in the ongoing National Institute of Standard and Technology Lightweight Cryptography competition. The results show that our improved communication-optimized attack is efficient, speeding up full key recovery by up to 400 times when compared to the traditional Prime+Probe technique. Moreover, the protection techniques are feasible and effectively mitigate the proposed improved attack.
High-Throughput Ab Initio Investigation of the Elastic Properties of Inorganic Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Na-Ion Batteries
Authors: Min Kyoungmin
Published: March 2021

In this study, the elastic properties of Na-based solid-state electrolytes are investigated using first-principle calculations. Initially, 26 well-known Na-ion conductors with high ionic conductivity are investigated. Poisson’s ratio and elastic anisotropy of these materials are calculated from the elastic tensor and shear, bulk, and Young’s modulus. In general, NASICON (Na super-ionic conductor) structures exhibited the high elastic properties and low anisotropic behavior among the studied materials, followed by aluminates, oxides, and halo-aluminates. Hence, NASICON-like structures are extracted from the existing Materials Project database and their mechanical properties are characterized for further investigation. Finally, the search space is extended to all potential Na-ion conductors (∼500 structures) and the elastic property trends are discussed in terms of their chemical nature. We believe that the organized database presented in this study can be used as a valuable reference for developing high performance and stable all-solid-state Na-ion batteries.
In Situ TiO2-rGO Nanocomposite for Low Concentration NO Gas Sensor
Authors: Kuchi Charan , Naresh Bodicherla , Reddy P. Sreedhara
Published: March 2021

A novel room temperature-based Nitric Oxide (NO) gas sensor of TiO2-rGO composite nanofibers was prepared using electrospinning and solvothermal synthesis. The composite’s physicochemical properties were investigated using various analytical methods such as SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS. When the composite was exposed to the NO gas sensor, it exhibits an excellent gas sensing property at room temperature (30 °C). This composite sensor sensitivity is 7.1 when exposed to 2.75 ppm of NO gas, with a 440 s response time. The possible gas sensing mechanism of TiO2-rGO was also proposed. This study demonstrates that TiO2-rGO composite nanofibers have capability application possibilities in gas sensing, thereby imparting another perspective to create and develop sensors.
Pathophysiology and management of critical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy
Authors: Cheung Kevin , Rathbone Alasdair , Melanson Michel , Trier Jessica , Ritsma Benjamin R. , Allen Matti D.
Published: March 2021

Critical illness-associated weakness (CIAW) is an umbrella term used to describe a group of neuromuscular disorders caused by severe illness. It can be subdivided into three major classifications based on the component of the neuromuscular system (i.e. peripheral nerves or skeletal muscle or both) that are affected. This includes critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP), critical illness myopathy (CIM), and an overlap syndrome, critical illness polyneuromyopathy (CIPNM). It is a common complication observed in people with critical illness requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Given CIAW is found in individuals experiencing grave illness, it can be challenging to study from a practical standpoint. However, over the past 2 decades, many insights into the pathophysiology of this condition have been made. Results from studies in both humans and animal models have found that a profound systemic inflammatory response and factors related to bioenergetic failure as well as microvascular, metabolic, and electrophysiological alterations underlie the development of CIAW. Current management strategies focus on early mobilization, achieving euglycemia, and nutritional optimization. Other interventions lack sufficient evidence, mainly due to a dearth of large trials. The goal of this Physiology in Medicine article is to highlight important aspects of the pathophysiology of these enigmatic conditions. It is hoped that improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying these disorders will lead to further study and new investigations for novel pharmacologic, nutritional, and exercise-based interventions to optimize patient outcomes.
Different antimuscarinics when combined with atomoxetine have differential effects on obstructive sleep apnea severity
Authors: Aishah Atqiya , Lim Richard , Sands Scott A. , Taranto-Montemurro Luigi , Wellman Andrew , Carberry Jayne C. , Eckert Danny J.
Published: March 2021

In contrast to recent findings of major reductions in OSA severity when atomoxetine is combined with a nonspecific antimuscarinic, oxybutynin (broad M-subtype receptor selectivity), addition of solifenacin succinate (M2 and M3 muscarinic receptor selectivity) or biperiden (M1 muscarinic receptor selectivity) with atomoxetine had modest effects on upper airway function during sleep, which provide mechanistic insight into the role of noradrenergic and antimuscarinic agents on sleep and breathing and are important for pharmacotherapy development for OSA.
Free Vibration Exploration of Rotating FGM Porosity Beams under Axial Load considering the Initial Geometrical Imperfection
Authors: Giang Nguyen Thi
Published: March 2021

In practice, some components in large structures such as the connecting rods between the rotating parts in the engines, turbines, and so on, can model as beam structures rotating around the fixed axis and subject to the axial compression load; therefore, the study of mechanical behavior to these structures has a significant meaning in practice. This paper analyzes the vibration responses of rotating FGM beams subjected to axial compressive loads, in which the beam is resting on the two-parameter elastic foundation, taking into account the initial geometrical imperfection. Finite element formulations are established by using the new shear deformation theory type of hyperbolic sine functions and the finite element method. The materials are assumed to be varied smoothly in the thickness direction of the beam based on the power-law function with the porosity. Verification problems are conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the theory, proposed mechanical structures, and the calculation programs coded in the MATLAB environment. Then, a parameter study is carried to explore the effects of geometrical and material properties on the vibration behavior of FGM beams, especially the influences of the rotational speed and axial compressive load.
Designing a Logistic Regression Model for a Dataset to Predict Diabetic Foot Ulcer in Diabetic Patients: High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol Was the Negative Predictor
Authors: Ahmadi Seyyed Amir Yasin , Shirzadegan Razieh , Mousavi Nazanin , Farokhi Ermia , Soleimaninejad Maryam , Jafarzadeh Mehrzad
Published: March 2021

Objectives. Although the risk factors for diabetic neuropathy and diabetic foot ulcer have been detected, there was no practical modeling for their prediction. We aimed to design a logistic regression model on an Iranian dataset to predict the probability of experiencing diabetic foot ulcers up to a considered age in diabetic patients. Methods. The present study was a statistical modeling on a previously published dataset. The covariates were sex, age, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), insulin dependency, and statin use. The final model of logistic regression was designed through a manual stepwise method. To study the performance of the model, an area under receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve was reported. A scoring system was defined according to the beta coefficients to be used in logistic function for calculation of the probability. Results. The pretest probability for the outcome was 30.83%. The final model consisted of age (

β
1
=
0.133

), BMI (

β
2
=
0.194

), FBS (

β
3
=
0.011

), HDL (

β
4
=
−
0.118

), and insulin dependency (

β
5
=
0.986

) (

P
<
0.1

). The performance of the model was definitely acceptable (

AUC
=
0.914

). Conclusion. This model can be used clinically for consulting the patients. The only negative predictor of the risk is HDL cholesterol. Keeping the HDL level more than 50 (mg/dl) is strongly suggested. Logistic regression modeling is a simple and practical method to be used in the clinic.
Routing Optimisation of Urban Medical Waste Recycling Network considering Differentiated Collection Strategy and Time Windows
Authors: Gao Jiajing , Li Haolin , Wu Jingwen , Lyu Junyan , Tan Zheyi , Jin Zhufan
Published: March 2021

The increasing gap between medical waste production and disposal stresses the urgency of further development of urban medical waste recycling. This paper investigates an integrated optimisation problem in urban medical waste recycling network. It combines the vehicle routing problem of medical facilities with different requirements and the collection problem of clinics’ medical waste to the affiliated hospital. To solve this problem, a compact mixed-integer linear programming model is proposed, which takes account of the differentiated collection strategy and time windows. Since the medical waste recycling operates according to a two-day pattern, the periodic collection plan is also embedded in the model. Moreover, we develop a particle swarm optimisation (PSO) solution approach for problem-solving. Numerical experiments are also conducted to access the solution efficiency of the proposed algorithm, which can obtain a good solution in solving large-scale problem instances within a reasonable computation time. Based on the results, some managerial implications can be recommended for the third-party recycling company.
Fusion of Cognitive Information: Evaluation and Evolution Method of Product Image Form
Authors: Zhang Shutao , Su Pengfei , Liu Shifeng
Published: March 2021

In order to realize the stability and inheritance of image characteristics in the development process of a series of products, we comprehensively analyzed the cognitive differences among users, designers, and engineers and propose a multicriteria decision system for an intelligent design method of product forms based on a logistic regression model, relative entropy theory, and preference mapping (PREFMAP). First, from the perspective of the role characteristics of the design subjects, an equilibrium evaluation model was constructed using the logistic regression model and relative entropy theory. Second, combining the multidimensional perception space and the characteristics measurement of the product form, the fitness function of the image form was constructed based on PREFMAP. Third, a genetic algorithm was applied to establish the intelligent image‐style‐oriented design method, which could guide the image form development of a product series through innovative design. Lastly, the method was verified by taking Audi A4L series headlights as an example. And the image evaluation of the two new schemes was greater than that of the previous seven generations of headlights. The results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the method. In this paper, we structured a relatively preliminary model to explain the fusion of cognitive information. More subjective and objective factors, algorithms, and image recognition technology need to be further studied to improve the model in our future work.
Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Concomitant Primary Biliary Cholangitis and Autoimmune Diseases: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Liu Yuwei , Han Kai , Liu Chen , Duan Fangfang , Cheng Jun , Yang Song
Published: March 2021

Objectives. Diagnosis and treatment of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are often complicated by hepatic and/or extrahepatic manifestations, which in turn affect the natural course and prognosis of PBC. This study evaluated the clinical characteristics and prognosis of PBC co-occurring with intrahepatic and extrahepatic autoimmune disease (AID). Methods. Clinical data of patients with PBC who were admitted to the Beijing Ditan Hospital from September 2008 to December 2014 were retrospectively reviewed, assessed for other autoimmune diseases, and analyzed statistically. All patients received ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment. Results. Data from 505 patients were evaluated. Approximately 35.0% of patients had at least one additional AID. AIDs included Sjögren’s syndrome (SS; 26.3%), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH; 7.1%), rheumatoid arthritis (RA; 1.4%), hypothyroidism (0.8%), Graves’s thyroiditis (0.6%), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; 0.4%), and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (0.2%). No differences in response rates of UDCA were found between the PBC group and the PBC-SS group or PBC complicated with AID group (both

P
>
0.05

). White blood cell (WBC, RR = 1.072, 95% CI: 1.016–1.130,

P
=
0.011

), platelet counts (PLT, RR = 0.995, 95% CI: 0.992–0.998,

P
=
0.003

), and prothrombin time and international normalized ratio (PT/INR, RR = 1.799, 95% CI: 1.010–3.206,

P
=
0.046

) were independent prognostic factors in patients with PBC. The overall survival time of patients in PBC-AIH and PBC-SS groups was shorter than that of those with PBC (

P
<
0.001

). Conclusions. AIH was the most common in hepatic comorbidity. SS was the most frequent extrahepatic comorbidity. WBC, PLT, and PT/INR were independent prognostic factors in patients with PBC. AID coexisted with PBC impaired patients’ survival.
Antioxidative Stress Mechanisms behind Resveratrol: A Multidimensional Analysis
Authors: Gu Tongyu , Wang Nianmin , Wu Tong , Ge Qi , Chen Liang
Published: March 2021

Over the past decade, oxidative stress was shown to be a key factor for various diseases. The term “antioxidant” also rapidly gained attention worldwide, viewed as beneficial in disease prevention. Resveratrol (RSV), a natural polyphenol, is a plant antitoxin formed in response to harmful environmental factors such as infection and injury. This antitoxin is found in grapes, strawberries, peanuts, or herbal medicines and exhibits many pharmacological effects involved in antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiaging, and antioxidation stress mechanisms. Recently, numerous in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that RSV harbors antioxidative stress properties and can be used as an antioxidant. Here, we review the free radical scavenging ability, antioxidant properties, signaling pathways, expression and regulation of antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative stress-related diseases associated with RSV.
Three-Level Optical Stark Effect of Excitons in GaAs Cylindrical Quantum Wires
Authors: Thao Dinh Nhu , Phuoc Duong Dinh , Bao Le Thi Ngoc , Hien Le Thi Dieu , Linh Tran Phan Thuy , Le Thuy Nguyen Thi
Published: March 2021

This study looks at the three-level optical Stark effect of excitons in GaAs cylindrical quantum wires, utilizing the renormalized wave function theory. By applying the three-level model consisting of the first two electron levels connected via a powerful pump laser and the first hole level, we observe the appearance of the excitonic optical Stark effect through the appearance of two separated peaks in the exciton absorption spectra. In addition, the strong impact of the pump laser detuning and the wire radius on the optical Stark effect are also put under thorough examination. Finally, a brief guidance for experimental verification is also suggested.
Digital Device Use, Computer Vision Syndrome, and Sleep Quality among an African Undergraduate Population
Authors: Akowuah Prince Kwaku , Nti Augustine N. , Ankamah-Lomotey Stephen , Frimpong Asafo Agyei , Fummey Jeremiah , Boadi Prince , Osei-Poku Kofi , Adjei-Anang Joseph
Published: March 2021

Background. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of computer vision syndrome (CVS) and poor sleep quality among university students and assess the relationship between digital device usage, CVS, and sleep quality. Methods. A cross-sectional study including undergraduate students was conducted in Ghana between January–March 2020. Information on digital device use and CVS symptoms was collected using a structured questionnaire. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between CVS and digital device use behavior, and linear regression analysis was used to explore the association between sleep quality and digital device use behavior. Statistical significance was set atp < 0.05. Results. Mean (SD) age of participants was 20.95 (1.68) years and most (54.97%) of them were females. The prevalence of CVS was 64.36%. Factors associated with CVS included hours of digital device use per day (OR = 4.1,p < 0.001), years of digital device use (OR = 3.0,p < 0.001), adjustment of digital device screen contrast to the surrounding brightness (OR = 1.95,p = 0.014), and presence of glare (OR = 1.79,p = 0.048). Prevalence of poor sleep quality was 62.43%. There was a significant association between poor sleep quality and number of years participants had used a digital device (p = 0.015) and the number of hours they used a digital device per day (p = 0.005). Conclusion. There is a high prevalence of both CVS and poor sleep quality among undergraduate students in Ghana. This represents a significant public health issue that needs attention.
Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of Safflower Injection in the Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Lu Qiang , Xu Jiamin , Li Qian , Wu Wenzhen , Wu Yuling , Xie Jianhui , Yang Xiaobo
Published: March 2021

Background. Safflower injection (SFI), a popular Chinese patent drug, is commonly used to treat acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) in China. The research seeks to scientifically estimate the clinical efficacy of SFI for ACS patients. Methods. Eight electronic databases were retrieved for eligible research from the founding date to September 8, 2020. Odds ratio (OR) was adopted to assess the total effective rate, ECG improvement, and adverse reaction, and mean difference (MD) was used for assessing the hemorheology indexes as well as the LVEF. Results. Sixteen randomized controlled trials involving 1620 sufferers with ACS were incorporated. The outcomes showed that, in comparison to conventional medication alone, SFI combined with conventional treatment remarkably enhanced the total effective rate (OR = 3.66, 95% CI [2.73, 4.90],

P
<
0.00001

), ECG improvement (OR = 2.85, 95% CI [2.04, 3.99],

P
<
0.00001

), and LVEF (MD = 5.13, 95% CI [3.73, 6.53],

P
<
0.00001

). Moreover, SFI combined with conventional treatment significantly decreased hemorheology indexes including BV (MD = −0.95, 95% CI [−1.76, −0.13],

P
=
0.02

), HCT (MD = −2.37, 95% CI [−3.25, −1.50],

P
<
0.00001

), FIB (MD = −0.44, 95% CI [−0.60, −0.29],

P
<
0.00001

), and PAR (OR = −7.65, 95% CI [−10.16, −5.14],

P
<
0.00001

). However, no notable contrast was observed to link the experimental and the control team for PV (MD = −0.42, 95% CI [−0.83, 0.00],

P
=
0.05

) and adverse reactions (OR = 0.59, 95% CI [0.13, 2.74],

P
=
0.50

). Conclusion. Despite the limitations that existed in this meta-analysis, the outcomes demonstrated that SFI and conventional combined medication is an effective and relatively safe therapy for ACS sufferers.
Adsorptive Separation of Brilliant Green Dye from Water by Tartaric Acid-Treated Holarrhena antidysenterica and Citrullus colocynthis Biowaste
Authors: Basharat Sumaira , Rehman Rabia , Mitu Liviu
Published: March 2021

Holarrhena antidysenterica (Ha) and Citrullus colocynthis (Cc) biowaste from indigenous Pakistan resources was used to remove toxic brilliant green (BG) dye from aqueous solutions in a batch mode. Tartaric acid chemical modification gave promising results than the nonmodified forms of biowaste. Surface characterization was carried out by FT-IR and SEM. The optimum conditions for (BG) dye elimination by Ha-tartaric acid modified (Ha-Ta) were 1.8 g, 45 minutes, 4.0 pH; 40°C, and 100 rpm and with Cc-tartaric acid modified (Cc-Ta) were 1.6 g, 45 minutes, 6.0 pH; 40°C, and 150 rpm dye solution shaking rate, which gave optimum results. Equilibrium data of raw and chemically modified biowaste followed the Langmuir model indicating monolayer chemisorption. Qmax values were found to be 55.24 mg/g, 112.35 mg/g, 50.50 mg/g, and 79.36 mg/g for Ha, Ha-Ta, Cc, and Cc-Ta. Kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Dye removal involved surface and intraparticle mode of diffusion. Thermodynamic studies proved the process to be spontaneous and exothermic one. The adsorbents can be effectively utilized for the removal of toxic basic dyes, such as BG from wastewaters.
MASEMUL: A Simulation Tool for Movement‐Aware MANET Scheduling Strategies for Multimedia Communications
Authors: Nasralla Moustafa M. , García-Magariño Iván , Lloret Jaime
Published: March 2021

The last decade has witnessed a steep growth in multimedia traffic due to real‐time content delivery such as in online games and video conferencing. In some contexts, MANETs play a key role in the hyperconnectivity of everything in multimedia services. In this context, this work proposes a new scheduling approach based on context‐aware mobile nodes for their connectivity. The contribution relies on reporting not only the locations of devices in the network but also their movement identified by sensors. In order to illustrate this approach, we have developed a novel agent‐based simulator called MASEMUL for illustrating the proposed approach. The results show that a movement‐aware scheduling strategy defined with the proposed approach has decreased the ratio of channel interruptions over another common strategy in mobile networks.
Antihyperlipidemic, Antihyperglycemic, and Liver Function Protection of Olea europaea var. Meski Stone and Seed Extracts: LC-ESI-HRMS-Based Composition Analysis
Authors: Ben Saad Amina , Tiss Mohamed , Keskes Henda , Chaari Anisa , Sakavitsi Maria Eleni , Hamden Khaled , Halabalaki Maria , Allouche Noureddine
Published: March 2021

Methanol and methanol/water extracts of olive stones and seeds from Olea europaea var. meski were analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection and mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A total of 28 metabolites were identified; among them are hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, phenolic alcohols, flavonoids and flavonoid glucosides, secoiridoids, and terpenes. All the extracts were screened for the inhibitory effect of key enzymes related to diabetes and obesity, such as α-amylase and lipase. An in vitro study revealed that Olea meski stone ethanol (MSE) and methanol (MSM) extracts and Olea meski seed ethanol (MSE1) and methanol (MSM1) extracts exert an inhibitory action against lipase and α-amylase. The most potent activity was observed in the StM extract with IC50 equal to 0.19 mg/ml against DPPH oxidation, 1.04 mg/ml against α-amylase, and 2.13 mg/ml against lipase. In HFFD rats, the findings indicated that the increase of body weight, LDL, TC, and glucose levels and then the decrease in HDL-C were significantly suppressed in the MSM-treated group than those in HFFD rats. Moreover, the MSM extract exhibited a prominent selective inhibitory effect against intestinal lipase and α-amylase activities. The MSM extract was also able to protect the liver-kidney functions efficiently, which was evidenced by biochemicals and histological studies.
[Retracted] Agomelatine Softens Depressive‐Like Behavior through the Regulation of Autophagy and Apoptosis
Authors: Chen Fengpei , Chen Shijia , Liu Jie , Amin Nashwa , Jin Weidong , Fang Marong
Published: March 2021

Depression is a common and disabling mental disorder with high recurrence rate. Searching for more effective treatments for depression is a long‐standing primary objective in neuroscience. Agomelatine (AGO) was reported as an antidepressant with unique pharmacological effects. However, its effects and the underlying mechanism are still unclear. In this study, we sought to evaluate the antidepressant effects of AGO on the chronic restraint stress (CRS) mouse model and preliminarily investigate its effects on the gut microbial metabolites. The CRS model mice were established in 28 days with AGO (60 mg/kg/day, by oral) or fluoxetine (15 mg/kg/day, by oral) administration. The number of behavioral tests was conducted to evaluate the effect of AGO on depression‐like behavior alleviation. Meanwhile, the expression of the BDNF/TrkB/pERK signaling pathway, apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammatory protein markers were assessed using western blot and immunofluorescence. Our findings show that AGO can attenuate the depressive‐like behavior that significantly appeared in both sucrose preference and forced swimming tests. Additionally, a noticeable upregulation of autophagy including Beclin1 and LC3II, microglial activity marker Iba‐1, and BDNF/TrkB/pERK signaling pathways are indicated. An obvious decreased expression of NF‐κB, iNOS, and nNOS as well as apoptosis including Bax is observed in AGO administration mice. On the other hand, we found that AGO impacted the rebalancing of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in mouse feces. Altogether, these findings suggest that AGO can exert antidepressant effects in a different molecular mechanism.
Green Biosynthesized Selenium Nanoparticles by Cinnamon Extract and Their Antimicrobial Activity and Application as Edible Coatings with Nano-Chitosan
Authors: Alghuthaymi Mousa A. , Diab Amany M. , Elzahy Aml F. , Mazrou Khaled E. , Tayel Ahmed A. , Moussa Shaaban H.
Published: March 2021

Bioactive nanocomposites were constructed, containing chitosan (Cht), extracted from shrimps’ wastes, and transformed into nanoparticles (NPs) using ionic-gelation. Selenium NPs (Se-NPs) were phytosynthesized using cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) bark extract (CIE), characterized and evaluated with Cht-NPs as antimicrobial composites against bacterial food-borne pathogens “Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes” and as potential edible coating (EC) basements. The CIE-phytosynthesized Se-NPs had well-distributed and spherical shapes with 23.2 nm mean diameter. The CIE, CIE/Se-NPs, and innovative CIE/Se/Cht-NP composites exhibited distinguished antibacterial actions toward the entire screened pathogens; CIE/Se/Cht-NP composite was significantly the most potent. The formulated ECs from CIE/Se/Cht-NP nanocomposites had matching antibacterial manner, which was strengthened with CIE/Se-NP percentage increments. Scanning micrographs indicated the attachment of CIE/Se-NPs to bacterial cells to cause their complete lysis and death after 10 h of exposure. CIE/Se/Cht-NP composites are proposed as effectual control agents toward food-borne pathogens using efficient biological carriers and eco-friendly phytosynthesis protocol.
Optimization Design and Internal Flow Field Study of Open‐Design Vortex Pump
Authors: Gao Xiongfa , Shi Weidong , Zhao Ruijie , Zhao Ting , Wang Hongfei
Published: March 2021

To determine the influences of the main structural parameters on open‐design vortex pump performance, optimize the vortex pump performance, and reduce the running vibration and improve stability, orthogonal testing method was introduced in this paper. The selected main factors included impeller outer diameter (D2), impeller outlet width (b2), outlet setting angle of impeller (β2), and inlet setting angle of impeller (β1), and the nine types of impellers were coded according to orthogonal table. After obtaining the preliminarily optimum value range for each factor through range analysis, comprehensive analysis was employed based on the orthogonal test to investigate the main factors and identify the primary and secondary influencing factors affecting the performance of the vortex pump. An optimization scheme was obtained for further design. The results show that the numerical calculation results of the optimization scheme pump are in good agreement with the test results, and it shows the feasibility of the numerical calculation method. The testing results showed that efficiency and head of the optimal model were 4.2% and 9 m higher than those of the prototype model, respectively. Improved efficiency and head met the design requirements. The orthogonal testing method proved the feasibility of performance optimization of the vortex pump. The backflow occurs at the pump entrance and rotates in the same direction with impeller. It moves along the pipe wall from the lateral cavity to the inlet and encourters with the approaching flow.
Hardware Trojan Detection Based on Ordered Mixed Feature GEP
Authors: Zhang Huan , Zhou Jiliu , Gao Dongrui , Wang Xinguo , Chen Zhefan , Wang Hongyu
Published: March 2021

In the hardware Trojan detection field, destructive reverse engineering and bypass detection are both important methods. This paper proposed an evolutionary algorithm called Ordered Mixed Feature GEP (OMF-GEP), trying to restore the circuit structure only by using the bypass information. This algorithm was developed from the basic GEP through three sets of experiments at different stages. To solve the problem, this paper transformed the GEP by introducing mixed features, ordered genes, and superchromosomes. And the experiment results show that the algorithm is effective.
RBM23 Drives Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Activating NF‐κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Han Hexu , Lin Ting , Fang Ziyi , Zhou Guoxiong
Published: March 2021

Purpose. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide, and angiogenesis has been proven to be significantly involved in its progression. However, the molecular mechanism underlying HCC angiogenesis has not been well researched. In this study, RNA Binding Motif Protein 23 (RBM23) was identified as a novel proangiogenic factor in HCC cell lines and tissues. Materials and Methods. Firstly, we analyzed the correlation of clinical specimens. In HCC tissues, the levels of RBM23 and microvessel density (MVD) showed a strong positive correlation. Furthermore, data from related cytology experiments showed that the knockdown of RBM23 expression in HCC cells significantly inhibited the tube formation by the human vascular endothelial cells in vitro. The mechanism of this phenomenon was found to be through increasing the mRNA of p65 and enhanced the nuclear accumulation of p65. Consequently, RBM23 activated the NF‐κB signaling pathway and promoted expression of the proangiogenic cytokines selectively. Results and Conclusion. In summary, this study revealed that RBM23 promotes the angiogenesis properties of HCC via the NF‐κB signaling pathway. It may, therefore, be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
[Retracted] PD‐1 Is an Immune‐Inflammatory Potential Biomarker in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum of Intractable Epilepsy
Authors: Tang Hong , Wang Xuefeng
Published: March 2021

Purpose. Previous studies have demonstrated that immune and inflammatory factors play an important role in recurrent seizures. The PD‐1‐PD‐L pathway plays a central and peripheral immunosuppressive role by regulating multiple signaling pathways during the inflammatory and immunologic processes. This study is aimed at assessing PD‐1 levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples from patients with intractable epilepsy. Methods. PD‐1 levels were assessed in CSF and serum samples from 67 patients with intractable epilepsy (41 and 26 individuals with partial seizure and intractable status epilepticus, respectively) and 25 healthy controls, using flow cytometric analysis and sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Results. Serum‐PD‐1+CD4+CD25high Treg levels in the experimental groups and the control group were 10.26 ± 2.53 (PS group), 35.95 ± 27.51 (ISE group), and 4.69 ± 2.44 (control group). In addition, CSF‐PD‐1 level in patients with epilepsy was higher than that in the control group (50.45 ± 29.56 versus 19.37 ± 4.51), indicating a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Interestingly, serum‐ and CSF‐PD‐1 levels in individuals with epilepsy were not affected by antiepileptic drug and treatment course, but by epilepsy onset level. Of note, the increase of CSF‐ and serum‐PD‐1 levels was more pronounced in subjects with intractable status epilepticus than those with partial seizure. Conclusion. Serum‐ and CSF‐PD‐1 levels constitute a potential clinical diagnostic biomarker for intractable epilepsy and could also be used for differential diagnosis.