bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Change in weight‐for‐length status during the first three months: Relationships to birth weight and implications for metabolic risk
Authors: May Rich , Kim Daniel , Mote‐Watson Debbie
Published: December 2012

Weight‐for‐length during the early postnatal period is a critical predictor of subsequent body composition and metabolic risk. This study was designed to analyze change in weight‐for‐length status according to birth weight in early infancy. Data were collected for 267 infants enrolled in the Jackson County Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program. Postnatal measurements were collected at a clinic visit between birth and 12 weeks of age (mean = 5.7 weeks). Changes inWHO z‐scores (weight, length, weight‐for‐length) between birth and the clinic visit were calculated. Infants were classified as exclusively breastfed or as formula‐fed. Ethnicity was coded as Hispanic or non‐Hispanic. Infants were classified based on birth weight z‐score as lower (<−1 SD) or higher (> +1 SD). Multiple regression models tested birth weight, demographic factors, and feeding as predictors of z‐score change measures. Demographic factors and feeding were also tested as moderators of the effects of birth weight. Lower birth weight infants displayed an increase in weight‐for‐length z‐score between birth and the clinic visit. Change in weight‐for‐length was associated with significant increase in weight z‐score but not in length z‐score. Higher birth weight predicted decrease in weight and length z‐scores but did not predict change in weight‐for‐length. Hispanic ethnicity predicted decrease in length z‐score and increase in weight‐for‐length z‐score but did not moderate effects of birth weight. Increase in weight‐for‐length among lower birth weight infants and persistence of high weight‐for‐length among higher birth weight infants may reflect phenotypic adjustments that are maladaptive in adverse dietary environments. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Osteitis in chronic rhinosinusitis: a review of the literature
Authors: Bhandarkar Naveen D. , Sautter Nathan B. , Kennedy David W. , Smith Timothy L.
Published: December 2012

Background

The role of osteitis, or inflammation involving bone, is 1 potential reason for disease recalcitrance in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and is not extensively studied. This review article will discuss osteitis in CRS, including pathophysiology, diagnostic methods, clinical significance, and treatment modalities.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed search terms osteitis, osteomyelitis, bone involvement, hyperostosis, neo‐osteogenesis, osteoneogenesis, remodeling, single positron emission computed tomography (SPECT), and nuclear scintigraphy, with each term cross‐referenced with chronic rhinosinusitis. This search was then narrowed to English language articles, which were reviewed for relevance. Cited references of relevant articles were also examined.

Results

The PubMed search identified 231 articles, which after reviewing for inclusion criteria resulted in 26 articles that were included in the current review. Pathophysiology, including current understanding of molecular mechanisms contributing to osteitis, is discussed. Histology, computed tomography (CT), and SPECT have been used to establish a diagnosis. Radiographic staging systems exist but are not standardized. Osteitis has been treated both with intravenous antibiotics and surgery. Five articles involved assessment of outcomes in patients with osteitis.

Conclusion

Osteitis involves inflammatory changes in the underlying bone that may lead to recalcitrant CRS. Osteitis is associated with worsened measures of disease severity such as CT, endoscopy, and olfactory scores, and affects the degree of improvement in quality‐of‐life measures after both medical and surgical treatment. Future studies directed at characterizing the underlying molecular mechanisms including earlier and precise identification may improve our ability to treat this significant aspect of CRS.
Synthesis of dendrimers terminated by DABCO ligands and applications of its palladium nanoparticles for catalyzing Suzuki–Miyaura and Mizoroki–Heck couplings
Authors: Xu Yijing , Zhang Zhanyi , Zheng Jia , Du Qinwei , Li Yiqun
Published: December 2012

A new kind of silica‐supported third‐generation dendrimers capped by 1,4‐diaza‐bicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) group‐stabilized palladium(0) nanoparticles, and their enhanced catalytic activity in Suzuki–Miyaura and Mizoroki–Heck reactions in excellent yield under mild conditions, was reported. The resulting silica‐supported dendrimer‐stabilized palladium(0) nanoparticles with a particle size of 10–20 nm were prepared in situ by treatment with PdCl2 and hydrazine in ethanol at 60 °C for 24 h. The catalyst as prepared was characterized by FT‐IR, X‐ray diffraction, thermal analysis, elementary analysis (EA), scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Recycling experiments showed that the catalyst could be easily recovered by simple filtration and reused for up to five cycles without losing its activity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, characterization and catalytic properties of novel palladium(II) complexes containing aromatic sulfonamides: effective catalysts for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol
Authors: Dayan Serkan , Kalaycioglu Nilgun Ozpozan
Published: December 2012

In this article, N‐(2‐aminophenyl)arylsulfonamides (1–5) were successfully synthesized by the reaction of o‐phenylenediamine and various benzenesulfonyl chlorides. The Schiff base derivatives (1a–f; 4e) of those compounds were obtained using different aldehydes. Then, a series of neutral‐four coordinate Pd(II) complexes (6–10) were prepared from the reaction of Pd(OAc)2 and 1–5. On the other hand, when we tried to synthesize Pd(II) complexes containing Schiff base/sulfonamide ligands, two different situations were observed. Generally, when an electron‐donating group was attached to the imine fragment (1a–d) except for 1f, the Schiff base hydrolyzed and 6 was isolated. When an electron‐withdrawing group was attached to the imine fragment (1e, 4e), neutral four‐coordinate Pd(II) complexes (11–13) bearing Schiff base/sulfonamide ligands were isolated. The synthesized compounds were characterized by FT‐IR, elemental analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The complexes were used as a catalyst in the oxidation reaction of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde in the presence of H5IO6 in acetonitrile. All complexes showed satisfactory catalytic activity. The highest catalytic activity was obtained with 9. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polycarbosilane‐supported titanium(IV) catalyst for Knoevenagel condensation reaction
Authors: Mangala Kunniyur , Sreekumar Krishnapillai
Published: December 2012

Polycarbosilane (PCS) was synthesized by the polycondensation of trichloromethylsilane and trimethoxyvinylsilane in the presence of sodium metal. PCS has a highly crosslinked structure, high ceramic yield and high surface area. Titanium metal ion was attached to the polycarbosilane and its catalytic activity was investigated. The Knoevenagel condensation reaction catalysed by titanium‐incorporated polycarbosilane is reported. The titanium‐incorporated PCS catalysed the reaction well and with a diverse set of substrates the reaction proceeded with good yield. PCS‐supported transition metal catalysts have been prepared for the first time and used successfully in the Knoevenagel condensation reaction. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PLA/sepiolite and PLA/calcium carbonate nanocomposites: A comparison study
Authors: Sabzi Mohammad , Jiang Long , Atai Mohammad , Ghasemi Ismail
Published: December 2012

Polylactic acid (PLA)‐based nanocomposites comprising two different types of nanofillers, i.e. sepiolite (SEP) and nano calcium carbonate (NCC), were prepared by internal mixing and injection molding. Because of the different aspect ratio, surface area, and surface property of the nanofillers, their effects on the morphological, mechanical, dynamic mechanical, rheological, and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were shown to be very different. NCC demonstrated more uniform particle dispersion and matrix compatibility than did SEP because of the former's surface treatment, thus leading to higher strength and strain‐at‐failure of PLA/NCC composites. On the other hand, larger aspect ratio and surface area of SEP caused higher melt viscosity, stronger shear thinning, and better thermal resistance of PLA/SEP composites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Influence of triphenylphosphonium pendant groups on the rheological and morphological properties of new quaternized polysulfone
Authors: Buruiana Luminita‐Ioana , Avram Ecaterina , Popa Adriana , Stoica Iuliana , Ioan Silvia
Published: December 2012

A new quaternized polysulfone with triphenylphosphonium pendant groups was synthesized by reacting chloromethylated polysulfone with triphenylphosphine. The molecular restructurations, generated by hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and association phenomena in ternary quaternized polysulfone/N,N‐dimethylformamide (solvent)/water (nonsolvent) systems, were evaluated by rheological investigations. The polyelectrolyte effect, induced by enhanced dissociation of the ionizable groups and by mixed solvents' quality, modify the rheological functions, that is, dynamic viscosity, elastic shear modulus, and viscous shear modulus, as well as the thermodynamic parameters obtained from the rheological properties, such as apparent activation energy. These results were correlated with the morphological properties of the films obtained from solutions in solvent/nonsolvent mixtures and compared with other quaternized polysulfones, having different hydrophobic characteristics. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Bayesian decision theoretic multiple comparison procedures: An application to phage display data
Authors: León‐Novelo Luis G. , Müller Peter , Arap Wahid , Sun Jessica , Pasqualini Renata , Do Kim‐Anh
Published: December 2012

We discuss a case study that highlights the features and limitations of a principled Bayesian decision theoretic approach to massive multiple comparisons. We consider inference for a mouse phage display experiment with three stages. The data are tripeptide counts by tissue and stage. The primary aim of the experiment is to identify ligands that bind with high affinity to a given tissue. The inference goal is to select from a large list of peptide and tissue pairs those with significant increase over stages. The desired inference summary involves a massive multiplicity problem. We consider two alternative approaches to address this multiplicity issue. First we propose an approach based on the control of the posterior expected false discovery rate. We notice that the implied solution ignores the relative size of the increase. This motivates a second approach based on a utility function that includes explicit weights for the size of the increase.
Similarities and dissimilarities of the blood supplies of the human sciatic, tibial, and common peroneal nerves
Authors: Ugrenovic Sladjana Z. , Jovanovic Ivan D. , Kovacevic Predrag , Petrović Sladjana , Simic Tamara
Published: December 2012

The aim was to investigate the arterial supply of the sciatic, tibial, and common peroneal nerves. Thirty‐six lower limbs of 18 human fetuses were studied. The fetuses had been fixed in buffered formalin and the blood vessels injected with barium sulfate. Fetal age ranged from 12 to 28 weeks of gestation. Microdissection of the fetal lower extremities was done under ×5 magnifying lenses. The sciatic nerves of 10 lower extremities were dissected and excised and radiographs taken. The extraneural arterial chain of the sciatic nerve was composed of 2–6 arterial branches of the inferior gluteal artery, the medial circumflex femoral artery, the perforating arteries, and the popliteal artery. The extraneural arterial chain of tibial nerve was composed of 2–5 arteries, which were branches of the popliteal, the peroneal, and the posterior tibial arteries. Radiographs showed the presence of complete intraneural arterial chains in the sciatic and tibial nerves, formed from anastomosing vessels. Dissection showed that, in 97.2% of the specimens, the common peroneal nerve was supplied only by one popliteal artery branch, the presence of which was confirmed radiologically. The sciatic and tibial nerves are supplied by numerous arterial branches of different origins, which provide for collateral circulation. In contrast, the common peroneal nerve is most frequently supplied only by one elongated longitudinal blood vessel, a branch of the popliteal artery. Such a vascular arrangement may make the common peroneal nerve less resistant to stretching and compression. Clin. Anat. 26:875–882, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Forecasting Success: Patients' Expectations for Improvement and Their Relations to Baseline, Process and Outcome Variables in Group Cognitive–Behavioural Therapy for Depression
Authors: Tsai Michelle , Ogrodniczuk John S. , Sochting Ingrid , Mirmiran Jamal
Published: December 2012

There is growing evidence for the important role of patients' outcome expectations to the process and outcome of psychotherapy, yet its relevance to group cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) for depression has not been examined. In an effort to fill this void, the present study investigated expectations for improvement among 80 psychiatric outpatients attending a group CBT program for depression. The study addressed the following four questions: (1) Which baseline patient characteristics might be associated with patients' expectations for improvement? (2) Does providing a rationale and outline for treatment affect patients' expectations? (3) Are patients' expectations related to the quality of therapeutic alliance? and (4) Are patients' expectations associated with the outcome of treatment? The main findings of the study are as follows: (a) baseline symptoms of depression, quality of life and current suicidal ideations were consistently associated with outcome expectancies; (b) outcome expectancies were unrelated to treatment completion status; (c) although expectancy ratings did not change significantly for the group as a whole, there was some variability in how individual patient's expectancy ratings changed; (d) baseline expectancies were related to early‐treatment alliance quality, but not to mid‐treatment alliance, whereas early‐treatment expectancies were significantly associated with mid‐treatment alliance; and (e) baseline expectations of favourable outcome had a negative association with improvement in anxiety symptoms, yet expectancy ratings from session 3 had a positive association with improvement in quality of life and interpersonal problems. Increases in expectancy ratings were significantly related to improvement in anxiety, quality of life and interpersonal problems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Patients who present in a particularly hopeless and demoralized state are likely to have low expectations for a positive outcome of treatment.

Efforts should be made in the first few sessions of therapy to mobilize patients' hope and expectation of success, for increases in one's expectations may facilitate a favourable treatment outcome.

An optimistic outlook on the probability of success in treatment may contribute to the development of a strong working relationship between the patient and the therapist.
Dynamic resource allocation for Device‐to‐Device communication underlaying cellular networks
Authors: Xu Yanfang , Yin Rui , Han Tao , Yu Guanding
Published: December 2012

Future cellular networks such as IMT‐Advanced are expected to allow underlaying direct Device‐to‐Device (D2D) communication for spectrum efficiency. However, enabling D2D communication in a cellular network presents a challenge in resource allocation because of the potentially severe interference it may cause to the cellular network by reusing the spectrum with the cellular users. In this paper, we analyze the resource allocation problem in a single cell system when both cellular users and D2D users are present in the system. We first consider the scenario where cellular users and D2D users are allocated resource independently and propose an optimal algorithm and a heuristic algorithm, and then extend the methods to the scenario where cellular users and D2D users are allocated resource jointly. The number of permitted D2D pairs is selected as a performance measure because it is a more specific performance measure than spectrum efficiency. The proposed schemes maximize the number of permitted D2D communication pairs in a system meanwhile avoiding the strong interference from D2D links to the cellular links. Finally, the performance of the proposed methods is evaluated through the numerical simulation. The simulation results show that the proposed methods enhance the number of permitted D2D communication pairs significantly and that the performance of the proposed scheme for jointly allocation scenario is better than that of the proposed scheme for independently allocation scenario. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐hop medium access control protocol for low energy critical infrastructure monitoring networks using wake‐up radio
Authors: Ullah Niamat , Chowdhury M. Sanaullah , Khan Pervez , Kwak Kyung Sup
Published: December 2012

The IEEE 802.15.4K Task Group was formed recently to address the low energy critical infrastructure monitoring networks. The aim is to collect scheduled and event data from a large number of non‐mains powered endpoints that are widely dispersed. The application requirements include reliable data transfer, energy efficiency, and long deployment lifetime. To meet the low energy critical infrastructure monitoring network requirements, we propose a multihop medium access control protocol where the scheduled or event data are routed to the coordinator through the cluster heads. The power consumption of the cluster heads is critical as they use more power than the normal endpoints. Our protocol uses the wake‐up radio approach from cluster head to cluster head communication and an efficient guaranteed time slots allocation scheme to minimize the power consumption of the cluster heads. We derive analytical expressions for the average power consumption of cluster heads as well as ordinary endpoints. The results show that our proposed protocol outperforms the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC and SCP MAC in terms of power consumption. High power efficiency is achieved in both the cluster heads and normal endpoints. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The bacterial parasite Pasteuria ramosa is not killed if it fails to infect: implications for coevolution
Authors: King Kayla C. , Auld Stuart K. J. R. , Wilson Philip J. , James Janna , Little Tom J.
Published: December 2012

Strong selection on parasites, as well as on hosts, is crucial for fueling coevolutionary dynamics. Selection will be especially strong if parasites that encounter resistant hosts are destroyed and diluted from the local environment. We tested whether spores of the bacterial parasite Pasteuria ramosa were passed through the gut (the route of infection) of their host, Daphnia magna, and whether passaged spores remained viable for a “second chance” at infecting a new host. In particular, we tested if this viability (estimated via infectivity) depended on host genotype, whether or not the genotype was susceptible, and on initial parasite dose. Our results show that Pasteuria spores generally remain viable after passage through both susceptible and resistant Daphnia. Furthermore, these spores remained infectious even after being frozen for several weeks. If parasites can get a second chance at infecting hosts in the wild, selection for infection success in the first instance will be reduced. This could also weaken reciprocal selection on hosts and slow the coevolutionary process.
Correlated responses to clonal selection in populations of Daphnia pulicaria: mechanisms of genetic correlation and the creative power of sex
Authors: Dudycha Jeffry L. , Snoke‐Smith Margaret , Alía Ricardo
Published: December 2012

Genetic correlations among traits alter evolutionary trajectories due to indirect selection. Pleiotropy, chance linkage, and selection can all lead to genetic correlations, but have different consequences for phenotypic evolution. We sought to assess the mechanisms contributing to correlations with size at maturity in the cyclic parthenogen Daphnia pulicaria. We selected on size in each of four populations that differ in the frequency of sex, and evaluated correlated responses in a life table. Size at advanced adulthood, reproductive output, and adult growth rate clearly showed greater responses in high‐sex populations, with a similar pattern in neonate size and r. This pattern is expected only when trait correlations are favored by selection and the frequency of sex favors the creation and demographic expansion of highly fit clones. Juvenile growth and age at maturity did not diverge consistently. The inter‐clutch interval appeared to respond more strongly in low‐sex populations, but this was not statistically significant. Our data support the hypothesis that correlated selection is the strongest driver of genetic correlations, and suggest that in organisms with both sexual and asexual reproduction, adaptation can be enhanced by recombination.
Functional endemism: population connectivity, shifting baselines, and the scale of human experience
Authors: Drew Joshua , Kaufman Les
Published: December 2012

Quantifying population connectivity is important for visualizing the spatial and temporal scales that conservation measures act upon. Traditionally, migration based on genetic data has been reported in migrants per generation. However, the temporal scales over which this migration may occur do not necessarily accommodate the scales over which human perturbations occur, leaving the potential for a disconnect between population genetic data and conservation action based on those data. Here, we present a new metric called the “Rule of Memory”, which helps conservation practitioners to interpret “migrants per generation” in the context both of human modified ecosystems and the cultural memory of those doing the modification. Our rule states that clades should be considered functionally endemic regardless of their actual taxonomic designation if the migration between locations is insufficient to maintain a viable population over the timescales of one human generation (20 years). Since larger animals are more likely to be remembered, we quantify the relationship between migrants per human (N) and body mass of the organism in question (M) with the formula N = 10M−1. We then use the coral reef fish Pomacentrus moluccensis to demonstrate the taxonomic and spatial scales over which this rule can be applied. Going beyond minimum viable population literature, this metric assesses the probability that a clade's existence will be forgotten by people throughout its range during a period of extirpation. Because conservation plans are predicated on having well‐established baselines, a loss of a species over the range of one human generation evokes the likelihood of that species no longer being recognized as a member of an ecosystem, and thus being excluded in restoration or conservation prioritization. [Correction added on 26 December 2012, after first online publication: this formula has been corrected to N=10M−1].
Behavioral information biases the expected facial appearance of members of novel groups
Authors: Dotsch RON , Wigboldus DANIEL H. J. , VAN Knippenberg AD
Published: December 2012

The present study tests the hypothesis that behavioral information diagnostic of an out‐group's traits biases the expected facial appearance of out‐group members toward having facial features corresponding with the inferred traits. Participants formed a stereotype about a novel group based on random exemplar faces, presented alongside descriptions of their behavior. The behavioral information was manipulated to reflect either trustworthy or criminal traits, whereas the stimulus faces did not reflect any traits. Afterwards, participants' expected facial appearance of group members was assessed using a reverse correlation task. Independent judges rated the resulting visualized expectations as more criminal in the criminal behavioral information condition than in the trustworthy behavioral information condition. The current work establishes a causal link between behavioral information and expected out‐group faces where previously only correlations had been observed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Urine proteomics for discovery of improved diagnostic markers of Kawasaki disease
Authors: Kentsis Alex , Shulman Andrew , Ahmed Saima , Brennan Eileen , Monuteaux Michael C. , Lee Young‐Ho , Lipsett Susan , Paulo Joao A. , Dedeoglu Fatma , Fuhlbrigge Robert , Bachur Richard , Bradwin Gary , Arditi Moshe , Sundel Robert P. , Newburger Jane W. , Steen Hanno , Kim Susan
Published: December 2012

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology. Absence of definitive diagnostic markers limits the accuracy of clinical evaluations of suspected KD with significant increases in morbidity. In turn, incomplete understanding of its molecular pathogenesis hinders the identification of rational targets needed to improve therapy. We used high‐accuracy mass spectrometry proteomics to analyse over 2000 unique proteins in clinical urine specimens of patients with KD. We discovered that urine proteomes of patients with KD, but not those with mimicking conditions, were enriched for markers of cellular injury such as filamin and talin, immune regulators such as complement regulator CSMD3, immune pattern recognition receptor muclin, and immune cytokine protease meprin A. Significant elevations of filamin C and meprin A were detected in both the serum and urine in two independent cohorts of patients with KD, comprised of a total of 236 patients. Meprin A and filamin C exhibited superior diagnostic performance as compared to currently used markers of disease in a blinded case‐control study of 107 patients with suspected KD, with receiver operating characteristic areas under the curve of 0.98 (95% confidence intervals [CI] of 0.97–1 and 0.95–1, respectively). Notably, meprin A was enriched in the coronary artery lesions of a mouse model of KD. In all, urine proteome profiles revealed novel candidate molecular markers of KD, including filamin C and meprin A that exhibit excellent diagnostic performance. These disease markers may improve the diagnostic accuracy of clinical evaluations of children with suspected KD, lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets, and allow the development of a biological classification of Kawasaki disease.
Evaluation of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) as biomonitors of mercury contamination in aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Blackwell Bradley D. , Driscoll Charles T. , Spada Michael E. , Todorova Svetoslava G. , Montesdeoca Mario R.
Published: December 2012

Zebra mussels have invaded many lakes in the United States and could be a useful tool for monitoring responses of aquatic biota to changes in mercury loading. The goal of the present study was to evaluate zebra mussels for use as a biomonitor of mercury contamination by comparing zebra mussel mercury concentrations between a lake with only indirect atmospheric mercury contamination (Otisco Lake, NY, USA) and a lake that was directly contaminated by mercury discharges (Onondaga Lake, NY, USA). Zebra mussels were sampled in both the spring and fall of 2004 and 2005. Total mercury (THg) concentrations in zebra mussels were approximately seven times greater in Onondaga Lake than in Otisco Lake, and water column mercury concentrations differed by an order of magnitude between the two lakes. Seasonal differences resulted in significantly higher zebra mussel THg concentrations during the fall for both lakes. There was also significant variation among different sampling sites in Onondaga Lake. Mussel methylmercury concentrations averaged 53% of THg concentrations but were highly variable. Strong relationships between water column THg and zebra mussel THg suggest that zebra mussels are a good indicator of aquatic mercury concentrations and could be used as an effective biomonitor of mercury contamination in aquatic ecosystems. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:638–643. © 2012 SETAC
Sensory characteristics of high‐amylose maize‐resistant starch in three food products
Authors: Maziarz Mindy , Sherrard Melanie , Juma Shanil , Prasad Chandan , Imrhan Victorine , Vijayagopal Parakat
Published: December 2012

Type 2 resistant starch from high‐amylose maize (HAM‐RS2) is considered a functional ingredient due to its positive organoleptic and physiochemical modifications associated with food and physiological benefits related to human health. The sensory characteristics of three types of food products (muffins, focaccia bread, and chicken curry) with and without HAM‐RS2 were evaluated using a 9‐point hedonic scale. The HAM‐RS2‐enriched muffins, focaccia bread, and chicken curry contained 5.50 g/100 g, 13.10 g/100 g, and 8.94 g/100 g RS, respectively, based on lyophilized dry weight. The HAM‐RS2‐enriched muffin had higher moisture content and was perceived as being significantly moister than the control according to the sensory evaluation. The addition of HAM‐RS2 to muffins significantly enhanced all sensory characteristics and resulted in a higher mean overall likeability score. The HAM‐RS2‐enriched focaccia bread appeared significantly darker in color, was more dense, and had the perception of a well‐done crust versus the control. A grainer texture was observed with the chicken curry containing HAM‐RS2 which did not significantly affect overall likeability. We concluded that the addition of HAM‐RS2 may not significantly alter consumer's acceptability in most food products.
Folate metabolism genes, dietary folate and response to antidepressant medications in late‐life depression
Authors: Jamerson Brenda D. , Payne Martha E. , Garrett Melanie E. , Ashley‐Koch Allison E. , Speer Marcy C. , Steffens David C.
Published: December 2012

Objective

The primary aims of this study were to (i) determine whether folate metabolism genetic polymorphisms predict age of onset and occurrence of late life depression; and (ii) determine whether folate metabolism genetic polymorphisms predict response to antidepressant medications in late‐life depression.

Methods

This study used the Conte Center for the Neuroscience of Depression and the Neurocognitive Outcomes of Depression in the Elderly Study database, which includes individuals aged ≥60. The folate nutrition assessment was determined by the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire. Genotype was evaluated for 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms from 10 folate metabolism genes. Logistic regression models were used to examine genetic polymorphisms and folate estimates with association with depression age of onset and remission status.

Results

There were 304 Caucasians in the database, 106 of these were not depressed and 198 had a diagnosis of depression. There were no significant differences between remitters and non‐remitters in age, sex or estimated folate intakes. There were no folate estimates or folate metabolism gene single nucleotide polymorphisms that significantly predicted age of onset of depression or occurrence of depression. Methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) A66G (rs1801394) was significantly associated with remission status (p = 0.0077) such that those with the AA genotype were 3.2 times as likely as those with the GG genotype to be in remission (p = 0.0020). Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase A1298C (rs1801131) achieved a borderline significance for association with remission status (p = 0.0313).

Conclusion

The major finding from this study is that the MTRR A66G genotype predicts response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants in late life depression. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carcinogenic viruses and solid cancers without sufficient evidence of causal association
Authors: De Paoli Paolo , Carbone Antonino
Published: December 2012

Viral infections are important risk factors for tumor development in humans. Selected types of cancers, either lymphomas or carcinomas, for which there is sufficient evidence in humans of a causal association with specific viruses, have been identified. Experimental and clinical data on the possible association of other tumor types and carcinogenic viruses are presently controversial. In this article, we review the current evidence on the relationship between breast, colorectal and lung cancers and carcinogenic viruses. The majority of the publications reviewed do not provide definitive evidence that the viruses studied are associated with breast, colon and lung cancers. However, since this association may be clinically relevant for some tumor subtypes (i.e., lung cancer and papillomaviruses), there is an urgent need for further investigation on this topic. Using innovative laboratory techniques for viral detection on well‐defined tumor types, National and International networks against cancer should encourage and organize concerted research programs on viruses and solid cancer association.
The significance of TNFAIP8 in prostate cancer response to radiation and docetaxel and disease recurrence
Authors: Zhang Chuanbo , Kallakury Bhaskar V. , Ross Jeffrey S. , Mewani Rajshree R. , Sheehan Christine E. , Sakabe Isamu , Luta George , Kumar Deepak , Yadavalli Sivaramakrishna , Starr Joshua , Sreenath Taduru L. , Srivastava Shiv , Pollard Harvey B. , Eidelman Ofer , Srivastava Meera , Kasid Usha N.
Published: December 2012

TNFAIP8 is a NF‐κB‐inducible, oncogenic molecule. Previous “promoter array” studies have identified differential methylation and regulation of TNFAIP8 in prostate epithelial and cancer cell lines. Here we demonstrate that TNFAIP8 expression is induced by androgen in hormone‐responsive LNCaP prostate cancer cells. In athymic mice bearing hormone‐refractory PC‐3 prostate tumor xenografts, intravenous treatment with a liposomal formulation of TNFAIP8 antisense oligonucleotide (LE‐AS5) caused reduced expression of TNFAIP8 in tumor tissues, and a combination of LE‐AS5 and radiation or docetaxel treatment resulted in significant inhibition of PC‐3 tumor growth as compared to single agents. The immunohistochemical evaluation of TNFAIP8 expression revealed correlation of both cytoplasmic and nuclear TNFAIP8 overexpression with high grade prostatic adenocarcinomas, while nuclear overexpression was found to be an independent predictor of disease recurrence controlling for tumor grade. Increased nuclear TNFAIP8 expression was statistically significantly associated with a 2.44 fold (95 % confidence interval: 1.01–5.91) higher risk of prostate cancer recurrence. Mechanistically, TNFAIP8 seems to function as a scaffold (or adaptor) protein. In the antibody microarray analysis of proteins associated with the TNFAIP8 immune‐complex, we have identified Karyopherin alpha2 as a novel binding partner of nuclear TNFAIP8 in PC‐3 cells. The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of the TNFAIP8 interacting proteins suggested that TNFAIP8 influences cancer progression pathways and networks involving integrins and matrix metalloproteinases. Taken together, present studies demonstrate that TNFAIP8 is a novel therapeutic target in prostate cancer, and indicate a potential relationship of the nuclear trafficking of TNFAIP8 with adverse outcomes in a subset of prostate cancer patients.
Advanced treatment of biologically pretreated coking wastewater by electrochemical oxidation using Ti/RuO2–IrO2 electrodes
Authors: He Xuwen , Chai Zhen , Li Fuping , Zhang Chunhui , Li Dong , Li Jing , Hu Jianlong
Published: December 2012

Background

Electrochemical oxidation has attracted wide attention in wastewater treatment because of its strong oxidation performance and ease of control. This work investigated the feasibility of electrochemical treatment using a Ti/RuO2–IrO2 anode as an advanced treatment of coking wastewater. The influential operating factors including current density (9.6–108.2 mA cm−2) and electrode gap (0.5–2.5 cm) were evaluated.

Results

The current density and electrodes gap had significant effects on COD and NH4+‐N removal and the energy consumption. The degradation of COD and NH4+‐N followed pseudo‐first‐order kinetics. In most experiments, high levels of NH4+‐N removal (NH4+‐N removal ratio > 95%) was achieved along with moderate mineralization (COD removal ratio: 60–80%). COD (178.0–285.0 mg L‐1) and NH4+‐N (55.0–76.0 mg L‐1) were degraded by 62% and 96%, respectively, at the optimum conditions (electrode gap: 0.5 cm, current density: 15.6 mA cm−2) after 60 min treatment. Under this optimal condition, the corresponding energy consumption was 8.60 kWh m‐3 for effluent meeting the discharge standards. Furthermore, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis indicated that this technique could be employed to eliminate bio‐refractory and toxic compounds such as phenanthrene, indole, quinoline and pyrimidine in coking wastewater.

Conclusion

Ti/RuO2–IrO2 anode systems were confirmed to be effective in advanced treatment of biologically pretreated coking wastewater. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Direct in vitro comparison of six three‐dimensional positive contrast methods for susceptibility marker imaging
Authors: Vonken Evert‐jan P.A. , Schär Michael , Yu Jing , Bakker Chris J.G. , Stuber Matthias
Published: December 2012

Purpose

To compare different techniques for positive contrast imaging of susceptibility markers with MRI for three‐dimensional visualization. As several different techniques have been reported, the choice of the suitable method depends on its properties with regard to the amount of positive contrast and the desired background suppression, as well as other imaging constraints needed for a specific application.

Materials and Methods

Six different positive contrast techniques are investigated for their ability to image at 3 Tesla a single susceptibility marker in vitro. The white marker method (WM), susceptibility gradient mapping (SGM), inversion recovery with on‐resonant water suppression (IRON), frequency selective excitation (FSX), fast low flip‐angle positive contrast SSFP (FLAPS), and iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least‐squares estimation (IDEAL) were implemented and investigated.

Results

The different methods were compared with respect to the volume of positive contrast, the product of volume and signal intensity, imaging time, and the level of background suppression. Quantitative results are provided, and strengths and weaknesses of the different approaches are discussed.

Conclusion

The appropriate choice of positive contrast imaging technique depends on the desired level of background suppression, acquisition speed, and robustness against artifacts, for which in vitro comparative data are now available. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:344–357. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of DSC‐MRI post‐processing techniques in predicting microvascular histopathology in patients newly diagnosed with GBM
Authors: Essock‐Burns Emma , Phillips Joanna J. , Molinaro Annette M. , Lupo Janine M. , Cha Soonmee , Chang Susan M. , Nelson Sarah J.
Published: December 2012

Purpose

To evaluate which common post‐processing method applied to gradient‐echo DSC‐MRI data, acquired with a single gadolinium injection and low flip‐angle, most accurately reflects microvascular histopathology for patients with de novo, treatment‐naive glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).

Materials and Methods

Seventy‐two tissue samples were collected from 35 patients with treatment‐naive GBM. Sample locations were co‐registered to preoperative gradient‐echo dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI acquired with 35° flip‐angle and 0.1 mmol/kg gadolinium. Estimates of blood volume and leakiness at each sample location were calculated using four common postprocessing methods (leakage‐corrected nonlinear gamma‐variate, non‐parametric, scaled MR‐signal, and unscaled MR‐signal). Tissue sample microvascular morphology was characterized using Factor VIII immunohistochemical analysis. A random‐effects regression model, adjusted for repeated measures and contrast‐enhancement (CE), identified whether MR parameter estimates significantly predicted IHC findings.

Results

Elevated blood volume estimates from nonlinear and non‐parametric methods significantly predicted increased microvascular hyperplasia. Abnormal microvasculature existed beyond the CE‐lesion and was significantly reflected by increased blood volume from nonlinear, non‐parametric, and scaled MR‐signal analysis.

Conclusion

This study provides histopathological support for both non‐parametric and nonlinear post‐processing of low flip‐angle DSC‐MRI for characterizing microvascular hyperplasia within GBM. Non‐parametric analysis with a single gadolinium injection may be a particularly useful strategy clinically, as it requires less computational expense and limits gadolinium exposure. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:388–400. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of deposition parameters on hardness and lubrication properties of thin MoS2 films
Authors: Vierneusel B. , Tremmel S. , Wartzack S.
Published: December 2012

The purpose of the present study is the development of a sputtered MoS2‐coating suitable for the use in humid atmospheres. Influences of the process parameters argon pressure, temperature, distance between substrate and target and bias voltage on tribological properties and hardness are presented. By means of these parameter studies, different microstructures with widely varying wear behavior were achieved. Life cycle tests show that exclusively basal oriented coatings with dense, non columnar structures show the highest durability and a hardness of about 400 HV 0.01. However, dendritic needle like structures show lower endurance and lower hardness (<100 HV 0.01). Films with a comparatively high hardness (up to 800 HV 0.01) exhibit lowest sliding distances until failure due to an appearance of spalling in the ball‐on‐disc tests. Those coatings also show a dense but amorphous structure and sulfur deficiencies. Consolidation during sputtering, i. e. film hardness and porosity, can be controlled by certain process parameters and is probably affected by varying amounts of internal stress.
Coordination mechanisms for a three‐stage reverse supply chain to increase profitable returns
Authors: Zeng Amy Z.
Published: December 2012

In this article, we consider a generic electronic product that can be remanufactured or recycled at the end of its life cycle to generate new profit. We first describe the product return process and then present a customer segmentation model to capture consumers' different behaviors with respect to product return so that the retailer can work more effectively to increase the return volume. In regard to the collaboration between the retailer and the manufacturer, we explore a revenue‐sharing coordination mechanism for achieving a win‐win outcome. The optimality and sensitivity of the critical parameters in four strategies are obtained and examined both theoretically and numerically, which generate insights on how to manage an efficient consumer‐retailer‐manufacturer reverse supply chain, as well as on the feasibility of simplifying such a three‐stage chain structure. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013
A three‐dimensional atomistic‐based process zone model simulation of fragmentation in polycrystalline solids
Authors: Ren Bo , Li Shaofan
Published: December 2012

A three‐dimensional atomistic‐based process zone model (APZM) is used to simulate high‐speed impact induced dynamic fracture process such as fragmentation and spall fracture. This multiscale simulation model combines the Cauchy–Born rule, colloidal crystal process model, and micromechanics homogenization technique to construct constitutive relations in both grains and grain boundary at mesoscale. The proposed APZM has some inherent advantages to describe mechanical behaviors of polycrystalline solids. First, in contrast to macroscale phenomenological constitutive models, the APZM takes into account atomistic binding energy and atomistic lattice structure. In particular, the electron density related embedded atom method (EAM) potential has been adopted to describe interatomistic interactions of metallic polycrystalline solids in bulk elements; second, a mixed type of EAM potential and colloidal crystal depletion potential is constructed to describe heterogeneous microstructure in the process zone; third, the atomistic potential in both bulk material and process zone has the same atomistic origin, and hence, the bulk and process potentials are self‐consistent. The simulation of dynamic fracture process of a cylinder made of aluminum powder metallurgy (P/M) alloy during high‐speed impact/penetration is carried out, and numerical results demonstrate that APZM finite element method has remarkable ability to accurately capture complex three‐dimensional fragmentation formation and damage morphology. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomics of phosphate use and deprivation in plants
Authors: Alexova Ralitza , Millar A. Harvey
Published: December 2012

Phosphate is an essential element for plants and is involved in the composition of sugar phosphates, nucleic acids, membrane lipids, and energy metabolism via the generation of ATP. Crop farming requires the application of large amounts of phosphate fertilizer, but the fossilized rock deposits used as a commercial source of phosphate fertilizer are a nonrenewable resource that is predicted to reach a peak within the next century and drive plant production costs up as the global demand for food increases. Recent progress in the identification of key molecular regulators of the plant response to phosphate deprivation has highlighted differences in the response of the model plant Arabidopsis compared to economically important crops. This review focuses on the potential of proteomics to unravel the common and specific biochemical changes that contribute to phosphate use efficiency in cultivars of rice, maize, and oilseed rape. Proteome studies reveal a wide scope of species‐specific metabolic strategies that lead to changes in root morphology and metabolism, driven by secretion of specific proteins and alteration of energy metabolism, carbon, and nitrogen assimilation inside the root cells. Understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant phosphate use efficiency in crops is critical for developing sustainable agriculture practices.
Look fast: Crystallization of conjugated molecules during solution shearing probed in‐situ and in real time by X‐ray scattering
Authors: Smilgies Detlef‐M. , Li Ruipeng , Giri Gaurav , Chou Kang Wei , Diao Ying , Bao Zhenan , Amassian Aram
Published: December 2012

High‐speed solution shearing, in which a drop of dissolved material is spread by a coating knife onto the substrate, has emerged as a versatile, yet simple coating technique to prepare high‐mobility organic thin film transistors. Solution shearing and subsequent drying and crystallization of a thin film of conjugated molecules is probed in situ using microbeam grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (μGIWAXS). We demonstrate the advantages of this approach to study solution based crystal nucleation and growth, and identify casting parameter combinations to cast highly ordered and laterally aligned molecular thin films.

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(© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)