bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infrared thermography of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) with a hybrid matrix
Authors: Kosenko E. A.
Published: September 2023

The expansion of the fields of application of polymer composite materials (PCM), the emergence of their new compositions and structures is the reason for the development of new and improvement of existing methods for their non-destructive testing. One of the most important tasks in the performance of non-destructive testing of PCM is the development or selection of control modes. The complexity of solving this problem is related to the anisotropy of PCM properties (thermophysical, acoustical, etc.). The article describes the methods and results of infrared thermography of carbon fiber reinforced plastics with a hybrid matrix formed by an epoxy binder and a silicone elastomer. Silicone elastomer is an independent "liquid" phase in the matrix structure (from the standpoint of relaxation properties). The silicone elastomer has high heat resistance, therefore, the choice of modes for performing active infrared thermography of PCM with a hybrid matrix, in which the "liquid" phase is this material, is a rather complex scientific and practical task. The excess temperatures reported to the control object should be in the range of values at which an informative temperature diagnostic signal is observed, but at the same time the destruction of the PCM components does not occur. The values of temperature diagnostic signals from the location zone of the "liquid" phase in the structure of carbon fiber reinforced plastics are presented. It has been established that in order to perform infrared thermography, the temperature of the diagnostic signal from the location zone of the silicone elastomer must be ~3 ± 0.5°C higher than the temperature of the carbon fiber reinforced plastics. The optimal observation time of the temperature diagnostic signal is the period from the end of heating to 0.5 minutes after heating. A model for determining the modes of infrared thermography based on the phonon theory of heat conduction is presented. The temperature corresponding the appearance of a diagnostic signal from the location zone of the "liquid" phase component of the hybrid matrix of the PCM can be considered the Debye temperature of the test material
Hardening of the plasma spraying coating dispersed additional phase of titanium carbide
Authors: Trifonov G. I. , Penkov N. A. , Derkanosova A. A. , Krasnova M. N.
Published: September 2023

Today in Russia, one of the most important stages in the development of additive gas-thermal technologies is the optimal choice of materials. In particular, in the field of gas-thermal methods for applying composite coatings on the surface of machine parts, plasma spraying technology is advanced and promising from the point of view of economic benefits and import substitution. In this paper, the issue of obtaining a composite coating with an additional dispersed phase (titanium carbide) is considered. The results of theoretical and practical studies on the peculiarities of hardening of the composite coating under study are presented. Calculations of shear stress according to the theories of Fischer-Hart-Pry and Orovan are presented. According to the current GOST, the shear strength of the coating under study is determined. As a result of the work, the structure of the composite coating from the sprayed material 76.5% PR-NX17CP4+23.5% TiC was investigated, namely: the structure of the sprayed composite coating in optical and scanning electron microscopy is presented. The transverse section of the composite coating is also analyzed, and conclusions are drawn on the nature of its formation. Defects of the applied layer of composite coating in the form of cracks, local delaminations, large pores were not detected. The microplate is characterized by high density, uniformity of structure, low porosity, absence of cracks and high adhesion strength of the coating to the substrate. Recommendations have been made on the possible use of plasma spraying material (76.5% PR-NH17CR4+23.5% TiC), in particular when restoring worn surfaces of aircraft landing gear racks and steering gear drives of military and civil aviation. These recommendations are justified due to the high shear strength values of the composite coating under study.
Waste of brewing production - a coagulating agent in the technology of extraction of emulsion rubbers from latex
Authors: Sannikova N. Y. , Vlasova L. A. , Nechesova J. M. , Shcherbakova M. S. , Magomedov G. O. , Nikulin S. S.
Published: September 2023

Today, there is a growing interest in the production of synthetic polymers, which are widely used in the production of modern materials. Of particular interest is the manufacture of rubbers by emulsion polymerization. Rubber compounds and vulcanizates made on their basis have characteristics due to which they are actively used in various industrial sectors. The coagulation process in the production of emulsion polymers increases environmental stress. Sodium chloride used at some enterprises as a coagulating agent is consumed in large quantities - up to 200 kg / t of rubber, and increases environmental pollution. In the presented work, for the first time, the possibility of recycling the beer production residue - inactivated yeast, which is proposed to be used to reduce the aggregative stability of disperse systems, is considered. The introduction of yeast into the emulsion polymer isolation technology makes it possible to reduce the amount of sodium chloride in the waters discharged from the enterprise. The use of a system based on a protein coagulant contributes to the complete release of coagulum from latex at a consumption of inactivated yeast in the amount of 10-15 kg/t of rubber. The most effective results were obtained when yeast preliminarily acidified with sulfuric acid was used in this process, which led to the charging of the nitrogen atom of the protein component. It is noted that the best temperature regime for the process of coagulation of latex particles is 1-20 ℃. An increase in temperature to 60 ℃ leads to an increase in the consumption of coagulant up to 25 kg/t of rubber. The ratios of the consumption of sulfuric acid and acidified yeast have been optimized, allowing to obtain the most complete coagulation of the latex. It has been established that the rubbers isolated using food production waste meet the requirements for rubbers of the SKS-30ARK brand according to the main physical and mechanical indicators.
Simulation of the investment multiplier mechanism
Authors: Kudryavtseva N. N. , Pakhomova Y. V. , Duvanova Y. N.
Published: September 2023

The article noted the current relevance of the selected topic related to cash inflows. We considered the indicators used in the analysis of the effectiveness of investments, which can be divided into based, on discounted estimates and based on accounting estimates. When assessing risks, the impact of inflation is considered. This is achieved by adjusting the cash flow elements or discount ratio to the inflation index. The article presents the approaches of various scientists to the essence of the term "investments," shows the relationship between them, highlights the distinctive features of investments in relation to current costs. The main types of investments are considered, their content is disclosed. The investment multiplier has been determined. With a slight reduction in investment costs, a significant decrease in income can occur. Therefore, for the efficient functioning of the economy, it is necessary to ensure a certain value of the multiplication factor, create conditions for uninterrupted investment activities. Investments play a significant role in the functioning and development of the economy, and changes in physical volumes and quantitative ratios of investments affect the volume of public production
Choosing the optimal marketing plan to create long-term residual income in socio-economic systems
Authors: Martynenko A. A. , Sazonova A. S. , Filippov R. A.
Published: September 2023

This article discusses the issues of the multi-level marketing (MLM) industry, examines in detail the principles of the functioning of the MLM business, the knowledge of which can be useful when choosing a company for your goals. Currently, a huge number of people do not understand the principles of their marketing, its type, and as a result, they cannot explain the strategy and the payout system. Therefore, before choosing a partner, you should clearly define your own goals. That is, if you need a good manager, you need to pay attention to companies with a good "retail". If the need is for "quick" income, then companies with an appropriate marketing plan (MP) should be considered. If the goal is - stable development of the network, passive income, then we can consider companies with a completely different MP. The article analyzes the existing MPs in the MLM industry, identifies the strengths and weaknesses of each of them in order to select the optimal one for creating long-term residual income. The most suitable, for solving the problem, was chosen - a balanced MT. This type of MP is based on a stepped one with a branch and has a deep commission part. Due to this fact, the interests of all MP participants (consumers, distributors and leaders of high qualifications) are taken into account. Also, the strength of a balanced MT is the ability to clearly build a chain from expectations to results. The results obtained in the work will allow both a novice distributor and a growing leader to achieve high productivity in their activities in the MLM industry in the shortest possible time.
Hydrodynamic modeling of the molding process of baking dough and confectionery masses
Authors: Kumitsky B. M. , Gasanov Z. S. , Plaksina E. V. , Dolbilova M. A.
Published: September 2023

The process of molding (flat pressing) of bakery and confectionery dough blanks, which are one of the important preparatory elements in the production technology of high-quality finished products, is investigated. Considering that the estimated indicators for predicting the quality of bakery and confectionery products are determined mainly by the rheological properties of the dough, a hydrodynamic model is proposed in which the problem of axisymmetric flow of a nonlinear viscous layer completely filling the space between two parallel absolutely rigid converging disks is solved. It is assumed that the incompressible model medium is described by the well-known Ostvadde de Ville equation, which also corresponds to bakery and flour confectionery semi-finished products by its basic rheological properties. The purpose of the proposed work is to study the flow of test material under axisymmetric compression under the action of constant force of approaching disks. The use of axisymmetric flow is due to its greater realism and ease of reproduction in laboratory conditions. Assuming a linear dependence of the tangential stresses on the radial pressure gradient, as well as the ideal adhesion of the deformable medium at the boundary of the approaching planes, analytical expressions are obtained showing the distribution of the radial flow velocity over the thickness of the deformable layer. Using the continuity equation, the distribution of the molding pressure over the surface of the deforming plates and the total force from the approaching disks are obtained. The obtained ratios describe not only the dynamics of the medium flow, but also allow, under the conditions of a single test, to determine the values of the rheological characteristics of the model medium: the coefficient of consistency (density) and the degree of viscosity. The experimental dependence of the layer thickness on the deformation time makes it possible to control the technological process of axisymmetric molding of flat dough blanks: pizza, cakes, noodles, etc..
Conflict management problems in project teams
Authors: Sabetova T. V. , Shevtsova N. M. , Shishkina L. A.
Published: September 2023

The article discusses ways to manage conflicts in organizations and work groups of projects. Conflict management is included as an integral part of one of the general functions of management - according to different opinions, either in the function of administration or coordination. However, in any case, the importance of resolving conflicts in order to achieve the goals of the project is undeniable. All approaches to defining a style and a set of specific actions for managing conflicts are on the scale of preferences, from caring for people to caring about solving a given problem. There are five main approaches: cooperation, competition, evasion, accommodation (unilateral concession) and compromise (mutual concession). Based on the specifics of business and management practices, it is argued that some of these styles are more typical for different countries and others less typical. However, Russia is assessed as a civilization without a pronounced domination of collectivism or individualism, which testifies in favor of the acceptability of all styles, depending on the specific situation. Some characteristics of situations in which certain methods of conflict management in the project working group are more or less acceptable than others are considered. It is concluded that in order to improve the efficiency of the project team, an accurate and realistic assessment of its team, leader and the current situation is important.
Methodological approaches to assessing the economic security of territorial entities
Authors: Narolina J. V. , Kuksin S. V. , Artemieva V. S.
Published: September 2023

In the article, the authors propose to assess the economic security of the region using the indicators used for the federal level and reflected in the Economic Security Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2030. Since not all indicators recorded in this Strategy are applicable to the regional level of government, the authors propose to analyze economic security in four areas: the scale of the economy and the share of the territory in a higher level of territorial formation; human potential; situation in the labor market; success of participation in innovative processes. For each group, sets of indicators have been formed to characterize the object from different angles, on the one hand, demonstrating the maximum versatility of a complex system, and on the other hand, eliminating duplication. The desired set of indicators must meet a number of requirements: compactness, accessibility, ease of calculation, verifiability, complementarity. To evaluate the calculated quantitative indicators, it is necessary to compare them with the selected standard. Based on assessments of the state and achieved level of economic security of a territorial entity, an organizational mechanism and a system for managing economic security are being built.
Assessment of digitalization and technological development of VTB Bank (PJSC) in the form of an ecosystem
Authors: Popov A. V. , Kudryavtseva N. N. , Pakhomova J. V. , Duvanova J. N.
Published: September 2023

The paper noted the relevance of the selected topic at present, related to the digital transformation of the bank using information technologies in early 2019. By the beginning of 2023, the financial institution sets a goal to change almost all of its IT-architecture. The traditional architecture of the national banking system was developed 15-20 years ago, and was designed based on the needs of banking sector participants, they were based on the development of a wide range of banking products and financial services, and the needs of customers and their service were not a condition for the development of the banking business. The world in the era of dynamic transformation of the banking business has changed, which involves the creation of a customer-centric business model and banking architecture. This model of the banking sector assumes that the client will use Internet platforms and services, which in turn should be convenient, intuitive, reliable and, which is not of little importance, personalized. The new architecture of the modern bank will increase the service speed several times and lead to a significant reduction in the costs associated with the introduction of banking products and financial services to the market.
Evaluation of the complexity of modeling the dynamics of complex systems
Authors: Abramov P. B. , Ignatov D. V. , Shipilova E. A. , Kuschev S. S.
Published: September 2023

The article considers a new method for calculating the stationary values ​​of the probabilities of states of a complex system for processes with discrete states and continuous time. Markov models are adequate only for a very small class of real processes with an exponential probability distribution. Simulation methods in most cases lead to significant computational costs, as well as semi-Markov models. The possibility of an approach to modeling is shown taking into account the isomorphism of the structure of the set of states and the set of transitions of semi-Markov, Markov and simulation models for arbitrary distribution laws of random intervals in event flows. This approach is based on a set of theoretical provisions proved by the authors in previously published articles and monographs. It includes decomposition, simulation for individual states, the synthesis of an isomorphic Markov representation, and the final calculation of probabilities by solving systems of linear equations. The reduction in computational costs is achieved by equalizing the number of simulation implementations for different model states during decomposition, as well as by directly transferring the simplest flows to an isomorphic Markov representation. The upper O(n)-estimate of the complexity of the proposed algorithm approaches the lower Ω(n)-estimate for simulation modeling. At the same time, the lower Ω(n)-estimate is close to the complexity of solving systems of linear equations. The most significant gain is provided in studies related to the multiple estimation of probabilities on the model for various initial data in order to optimize the system parameters, since each subsequent experiment requires modification of the isomorphic representation for only one of the model states.
University Competitiveness on the Educational Market: Strategic Approach
Authors: Pugacheva I. N. , Mukhina N. B.
Published: September 2023

The system of higher education in Russia today is characterized by a change in a paradigm. It is conditioned by a shift to the innovative activity caused by the introduction of a new economic model. One more factor to start this change includes some changes in the management structure of the university environment, shift to the entrepreneurial university, development of the competitive level of the university teachers. A university society comes across a number of challenges, among which there is a low motivation and low competitive level of teachers to work under new conditions. The article is aimed at studying the ways to form a competitive university system to function at the educational market. The novelty of the paper can be proved by the fact that in the process of overcoming some new challenges on the way to the new innovative policy appear. There is offered a new paradigm to build a university competitive status connected with a combination of strategic decisions in the sphere of educational programs, students’ activity and development of teachers’ competitive level. The problematic fields and the strategies of their further development are introduced to solve the matter. The most productive ways are changes in educational programs, ways to increase the motivation of students to take part in an innovation activity, development in trends to boost teachers’ activity and competitiveness. Such decisions contribute to realize the innovational strategies of the university development, to the work of teachers and students, to an efficient competitive university environment. The article can be of interest to managers in education, strategic managers, and teaching personnel.
Features of designing scenarios for the development of hybrid technologies in the Russian and foreign automotive industry
Authors: Armashova-Telnik G. S. , Bobovich T. A.
Published: September 2023

The relevance of the development of hybrid electric vehicle technology in the automotive industry lies in its diversity. Various degrees of hybridization allow you to get bonuses for both conventional cars with an internal combustion engine and pure electric vehicles, while controlling the level of electrification of your cars, from soft hybrids close to cars with only an internal combustion engine to plug-in hybrids more similar to pure electric vehicles. Depending on the policy of the automaker and the requirements of the market, it is possible to use various designs, including those based on existing developments. The article analyzes the modern automotive market in Russia and the share of cars with hybrid technology in it. A comparison of the development of hybrid technology in modern automotive construction of Russian and foreign automakers is made. The specificity of designing scenarios for the development of hybrid technologies in the Russian and foreign automotive industries is reflected in the very process of using hybrid technology in the models of foreign automakers. Thus, the use of mild hybrid technology is mainly used by automakers with the aim of a smooth transition to more electrified versions, the design and implementation of mild hybrid technology is used by automakers to improve the environmental parameters of their cars while maintaining dynamic performance or to increase the latter. Full hybridization technology can also be used as a transitional for full electrification of models, however, it is mainly used in electric vehicles aimed at a hybrid device. Sequential hybridization technology has not been widely used in passenger cars.
Analytical review of the tourist and recreational potential of the smallest arctic zones of the russian federation in terms of occupied territory
Authors: Subhonberdiev A. Sh. , Titova E. V. , Chuchupal V. V.
Published: September 2023

The Murmansk region is characterised by endless wilderness areas, taiga, forests, countless rivers and lakes, and is also interesting for various types of tourism. More than 40 countries have stayed in the region's hotels in 2018, with most foreign visitors coming from Europe. Three districts of Karelia – Belomorsky, Kemsky and Louhsky – were successfully included in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation in 2017. The Belomorsky District has an exceptionally high tourism potential, which is currently under-demanded due to the lack of an underdeveloped tourism infrastructure and tourism personnel. The Kemsky district is famous for the objects of historical and cultural heritage. In the Kemi district there are few recreation facilities and hotels, which is explained by the fact that major tourist flows of guests pass through the city of Kemi. The Assumption Cathedral in Kemi, Kuzovetsky archipelago are in great demand. The area is famous for fishing, hunting and event elements. The Louhsky region is famous for wild recreation away from the hustle and bustle. In the region there are all conditions for the development of various kinds of ecological, natural, sports and adventure tourism. All regions have a sufficient number of attractions to attract tourists, unique natural phenomena and the potential for numerous types of tourism.
Management of the development of the social infrastructure of the municipal district (on the example of the Verkhnemamonsky district of the Voronezh region)
Authors: Ustyugova I. E. , Trineeva L. T. , Chibisov S. S.
Published: September 2023

Significant changes in social and political life that the country has been undergoing over the past two decades have also had a significant impact on the social infrastructure. At the same time, this influence is characterized by both positive and negative consequences. As for the provision of the population of the territory with goods, retail outlets, places of public catering, it can be recognized that a positive trend is observed in the area under consideration. However, other areas of social infrastructure are developing at a slow pace: this applies to educational, health care and cultural institutions. These difficulties are largely due to the transfer of social institutions from the balance sheet of industrial organizations to maintenance at the expense of the budget of municipalities. Based on the analysis of extensive statistical and factual information, the article considers current trends and problems in the development of local self – government in one of the country's subjects-the Voronezh region. The study of the identified trends in the development of the region allowed us to identify a number of problems and divide them into a range of long-term and short-term solution horizons. This allowed us to substantiate promising directions for the development of local self-government.
Guidelines for leveling problem areas of ecological and economic consequences of greenhouse emissions in the regions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Armashova-Telnik G. S.
Published: September 2023

The existing trends of climate change create a lot of problems and fronts of work for states around the world, creating the need to continue building up a set of steps to prevent climate change in the Russian Federation simultaneously with the implementation of adaptation to new climatic conditions. It is necessary to put forward priority initiatives with a view to their application in Russian climate policy. The article discusses the characteristics and potential effectiveness of measures regarding transformation in the environmental, economic, and legal spheres. Economically feasible initiatives to solve ecological and economic problems to increase energy efficiency indicators, structural transformation of the fuel balance, ensuring the fixation of emissions and CO2 content are presented, characterized, justified. The experience of applying cost-effective measures in the framework of leveling the negative effects of greenhouse emissions is analyzed. Considering the sectors of the economy that make the greatest contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions, it is necessary to single out the production of electricity and heat. This is followed by transport, manufacturing and construction (mainly cement and similar materials), agriculture. Taking into account the implementation of the entire range of proposed measures, energy use will decrease by 36% by 2030, and greenhouse gas emissions by 51% in relation to the same time period relative to the baseline. The timely formation of a correct regulatory framework, the development of regulatory and reporting processes, subsidizing mechanisms, and the modernization of production structures will allow optimizing the results of the functioning of carbon-intensive industries in the context of the consequences of the introduction of a “carbon tax” with the least losses, adapting the industrial sector of Russia to new conditions.
Using of encapsulated ingredients in designof food with high biological value: a systematic review
Authors: Vasyukova A. T. , Veiberov A. V. , Smirnova L. S. , Suvorov O. A. , Bukhtoyarov V. А. , Bychkov A. L.
Published: September 2023

The article presents the results of a systematic review of the literature, presenting relevant information about the functional properties of encapsulated dietary supplements. Encapsulation is a physico-chemical or mechanical process of encapsulating small particles of a substance in a shell of film-forming material. In the food industry and pharmaceutical industry encapsulation of bioactive components is used to regulate redox reactions, adjust taste, color and odor, increase shelf life, etc. The products, beverages and raw materials for their production entering the market nowadays must meet the requirements of safety, authenticity and nutritional value. Encapsulated forms of food additives are currently being considered as components of functional foods. With the advent of "molecular gastro-nomy" the technological properties of little-known hydrocolloids became more applicable by the producers of public catering products, which influenced the expansion of their use in the development of innovative food products. One of the methods of this direction is encapsulation of various food masses (sauces, juices, extracts, etc.). This method is an effective tool for the delivery of biologically active molecules (antioxidants, minerals, vitamins, phytosterols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, etc.) in foods. Data on the optimization of the use of encapsulated dietary supplements are provided. The data in this review will provide insight into new encapsulation methods, ways to improve the stability of properties and bioavailability of functional foods. Encapsulation is considered a useful tool to improve the delivery of active compounds, nutrients, and living cells in foods to enhance immunity, well-being, and prevention.
Assessment of the effectiveness of the risk management system
Authors: Volkova T. A. , Volkova S. A. , Serebryakova N. A.
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to the study of modern approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the risk management system (RMS) of an organization, presented in current risk management standards, regulator recommendations and in the scientific literature on this issue. Based on the assumption that the effectiveness of the risk management system can be assessed by comparing the achieved result with the RMS efficiency criterion, the authors studied the methodological approaches and evaluation criteria proposed in the documents regulating risk management, as well as by specialists. As a result of the analysis, it was found that in the specialized literature on the problem of risk management, there is no generally accepted definition of the effectiveness of RMS, as well as clear criteria for its evaluation. An analysis of approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the RMS made it possible to identify the key elements and processes of risk management. Criteria and methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of the organization's risk management system are proposed, taking into account the degree of implementation and the effectiveness of the functioning of the RMS elements. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the risk management system will become increasingly relevant. This is facilitated by the changing working conditions of organizations and the objective needs of risk management entities and stakeholders. According to the authors, assessing the effectiveness of risk management systems allows you to obtain reliable information about the flow of business processes and identify problem blocks that impede the achievement of the organization's goals. Such information should be taken into account in the process of making managerial decisions at all levels of management.
The role of transaction costs in ensuring a positive effect in the integration of enterprises
Authors: Khorev A. I. , Lutchenko V. G. , Voronov P. A. , Lukina O. O. , Adrakhovskaya L. L.
Published: September 2023

The article discusses the process of enterprise integration which will be successful and effective only if there is a reduction in costs in all areas of activity. Their large-scale part can take up transaction costs, which should be determined as ancillary expenses of production to provide the necessary information, as well as to conclude a contractual relationship. At the current stage of integrable structures development the attention of many researchers is paid to the problem of managing the transaction costs of an enterprise. But unfortunately, the issue of its reduction remains insufficiently highlighted in the scientific literature. Investigating the development and functioning of integrable structures, it is necessary to determine the role as well as the conditions for reducing transaction costs. The authors believe that the main condition for the decline is the coincidence of the spheres of activity of the merging enterprises and an effective management company that helps to realize the benefits of integration. Based on this interaction, a synergy effect will be observed. The following relationships can be observed within the integrated structures: competitive, material and non-material. These types have a significant impact on reducing transaction costs, based on which we can talk about competitive advantages and product differentiation. The Russian practice of integrable structures describes various forms of integration, but according to the authors, the effect can be achieved only if there are training management functions on the part of the corporate center. This function can be realized in coordinating the development and implementation of the strategy for the development of innovative programs. The overwhelming majority of management companies prefer comprehensive control over the activities of enterprises, which does not contribute to achieving synergy, reducing transaction costs and gaining competitive advantages.
The principle of operation of a decentralized money transfer information system
Authors: Korobova L. A. , Bondarenko S. S. , Mukhin D. P.
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to reviewing the concept of blockchain in the implementation of a decentralized money transfer system. The concept of fault tolerance of cryptocurrency technology is considered and some aspects of the fault tolerance solution are given. The analysis of information security of enterprises was carried out. The questions of anonymity of banking systems are touched upon. The dependence of the anonymity of the banking system on the quality of the software and on the security policy is shown. Recommendations are given for solving the problem of anonymity, in particular, generating a private key or embedding an algorithm for connecting transactions. Approaches to creating transactions are considered. Examples of algorithms that allow protecting user transactions are given. The description of the blockchain structure and the consensus algorithm has been carried out. The issues of generating a chain of blocks of an honest user and a chain of blocks of an attacker are considered. Formalization of the estimate of the probability of transaction break-even has been carried out. Binomial random walk was used for estimation. The end of the transaction process is just as justified as waiting for new blocks to be added to the chain of an honest user. A digital signature is used to identify whether a transaction belongs to a public key. The processes of signing a transaction and verifying a signature are considered. Separately, the approaches used in the design of cryptocurrencies are highlighted. The network stores the entire history of transactions, it is possible to calculate the balance of the total amount of incoming funds and spending money. These approaches are software solutions based on game theory and cryptography. The main attention is drawn to the business values of cryptocurrencies and ways to achieve them. As a result, the necessary functionality of the software client is formulated. The article provides a thorough analysis of a new financial and settlement instrument - electronic money. The task of developing a virtual payment system has recently received much attention.
Directions for improving the efficiency of enterprise management based on the analysis of the effectiveness of production activities
Authors: Ustyugova I. E. , Belyaeva E. A. , Belimov A. A.
Published: September 2023

The state of any economic system is largely determined by the activities of the entities forming it. In this regard, the main characteristic of any economic entity operating in a market economy is the implementation of production activities. Production activities are carried out in various forms, industries, by individuals or legal entities. It can be defined as a set of actions of employees with the use of labor tools necessary to turn resources into finished products, including the production and processing of various types of raw materials, construction, and the provision of various types of services. The purpose of the production activity of the enterprise is the release of the product, its sale and profit. The production activity of an organization consists of production processes that consist of economic operations: procurement, direct production, financial and sales and organizational activities. For the implementation of the entire set of production processes and the implementation of production activities, a production system is formed at the enterprise, consisting of a set of interrelated and interdependent components, which are usually understood as various resources necessary for production and the result of production. The product as the purpose of creation and operation of the production system appears in the manufacturing process in different forms relative to its source material and readiness. The production of a product is a certain technology, according to which the transformation of costs into products is completed. Being the main process in any organization, production activity determines the economic efficiency of the enterprise. In this regard, it is relevant for any enterprise to evaluate the effectiveness and analysis of production activities. The management of production activities is the most complex and responsible area of management at manufacturing enterprises, since this area accounts for the bulk of the costs of the enterprise. At the same time, it is in this area that the basis for the life of the enterprise is being created. Therefore, the choice of the right directions and appropriate approaches to the assessment and analysis of the production activity of the enterprise is of particular importance
Development of the technique for selecting effective projects based on the modified AHP through the expansion of the criteria base and the apparatus of mathematical statistics
Authors: Shageev D. A. , Markin O. G.
Published: September 2023

The author continues a series of publications in the subject area of the first generation modifications of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method for the effective project selection technique. The long term aim of the research is to develop this technique to the qualitatively new and universal states to be further transformed into methodology. The research results are presented. A new concept of “Supermarket” extends the criteria basis of the core in the technique providing a possibility to take into account conventionally unlimited number of any criteria in multilevel hierarchy. The first basic factor of the technique - AHPMS - is extended with a new classifier AHPMS(AM), so that Analytic Hierarchy combines with mathematical statistics methods on the basis of artificial measurements. The third basic factor of AHPDD scientifically new to the technique data is added where analytic hierarchy is combined with deterministic data. The second basic factor in FAHPMS form (AHP synthesis with the methods of fuzzy sets and mathematical statistics methods) has not been strongly extended yet. All the three basic factors in the form of the mentioned classifiers, that are AHP modifiers, use measurement standard of local and ultima analysi resultants of hierarchy priorities via a special formula to calculate matrix estimators. Taking into account this standard the technique was extended with “Statistics Supermarket” for the first and second factors. More than 70 criteria of mathematical statistics were included into the category to extend the possibilities of expert assessments and extend or replace conformity relations in AHP. New formulas to calculate RCSL (resulting compatibility solution level). Application area of the above research results is the development of the investment management and managerial decisions theory. In action the technique will make it possible for the concerned parties to assess and select effective projects for the development of economic and other actors at different economics and management levels.
Training audit: establishing excellence in the company's training process: Bank Societe Generale Group
Authors: Khorev A. I. , Boutouatou A. L. , Djebbouri K. B.
Published: September 2023

Training allows employees to better integrate into the workforce, maintain their employment and develop their skills. The systems put in place aim to ensure the employability of the employee, his or her ability to keep or obtain a job. The employee has a right to training. Training plays an important role in the development of human resource skills in any organization. In fact, this lever, which must necessarily affect all aspects in a company and all its functions, must be generalized to all employees, regardless of their level of knowledge or position in the hierarchy. Training is a tool that allows the company to effectively confront an increasingly unpredictable and restrictive environment. The importance of training systems in organizations is such that decision makers regularly commission audits of their companies' training systems to identify strengths and weaknesses and suggest necessary adjustments. This presentation is an opportunity to demonstrate the concept of a training audit and to present a synthesis of examples of how this approach has been applied in the Societe Generale Group as a measure of excellence in the training process.
Scientific and educational provision of food security at the global, national and regional levels
Authors: Korolev M. I. , Khorev A. I. , Gorkovenko E. V. , Nuzhdin R. V.
Published: September 2023

Ensuring food security is the main issue in solving socio-political problems. The severity and scale of poor-quality nutrition of the world's population are justified by socio-economic factors, which allows us to understand the directions of its solution. Uncontrolled food production and consumption can lead to a catastrophe for humanity. In modern conditions of high uncertainty on world markets in general, on food markets in particular, the intensification of global problems such as climate change and the spread of the pandemic, as well as the conditions in which Russia is placed today in international trade and economic relations, the problem of food security is becoming more urgent than ever before. Food security is one of the strategic components of the national security of the state, the provision of which is defined as the main priority of the agrarian policy of Russia. Only the development of own production will ensure food independence. Of particular importance is the achievement of the maximum level of food security of the country as a result of the substitution of imports of critically important food, as well as everything necessary for their production. Agriculture and the food industry play a decisive role in ensuring food security. The consequences of the pandemic have affected the provision of regional and national food security: the problem of economic accessibility of food has worsened due to a sharp drop in consumer incomes and rising unemployment; the culture of food consumption has changed; a shortage of food has formed, artificially created by consumers themselves due to the general hype; the stop of active export-import operations due to the closure of borders It has led to the complication of logistics chains and a sharp increase in food prices. Within the framework of the study, the scientific and educational component of ensuring global, national and regional food security was studied: the main problems in the field of vocational training and retraining of specialists of processing industries in new crisis conditions were identified, a list of promising areas for the development of scientific directions with subsequent application of the results in the agro-industrial complex industry, as well as the necessary technologies for deep processing of food raw materials needed to increase the level of regional and national food security. A number of recommendations are proposed to ensure effective interaction of scientific, scientific and educational organizations, enterprises of the real sector of the economy and the administration of the Voronezh region.
Development of technology for production of marshmallow with enhanced nutritional value
Authors: Ivanova N. G. , Nikitin I. A. , Velina D. A. , Ponomarev E. E. , Khayrullin M. F. , Moskvina J. V.
Published: September 2023

Pastilles, along with marmalade, are characterized by a high nutritional value compared to other confectionery products and are one of the most popular food products. However, the high sugar content and the use of coloring and flavoring food additives limits their use in the diet of pregnant and lactating women, as well as people leading a healthy lifestyle. The paper presents the results of research on the development of marshmallow technology enriched with dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals. The authors justified the reduction of the prescription amount of sugar by replacing part of it with Jerusalem artichoke syrup. At the same time, the amount of added sugar in the finished product decreases without worsening the properties of the products familiar to the consumer. Studies have also been conducted on the introduction of quince puree into the recipe of marshmallows and the replacement of part of applesauce with banana puree and chicory powder. Organoleptic quality indicators of the developed marshmallow were characterized by a pleasant pronounced aroma and taste. The analysis of the nutritional value of marshmallows showed that marshmallows with banana have a high content of dietary fiber (1.1 times), vitamins B1, B2, PP (1.1-1.6 times), carotene (2.8 times), as well as phosphorus (3 times), magnesium (1.9 times), calcium (b 1.3 times) and potassium (1.3 times), and marshmallows with quince - an increased content of dietary fiber (2.3 times), phosphorus (3 times), calcium (1.3 times), iron (1.1 times), magnesium (1.1 times), carotene (15.4 times), vitamin B2 (1.2 times) and C (2.6 times) in comparison with the control sample of marshmallow " Vanil'nyj". The presented marshmallow technologies can be recommended for the nutrition of pregnant and lactating women, as well as for expanding the range of pastille products of preventive nutrition
The Global Innovation Index analysis in Russia using the Structural equation model
Authors: Djebbouri K. B. , Boutouatou A. N. , Khorev A. I. , Ivliyev M. N.
Published: September 2023

The Global Innovation Index (GII) was developed to track innovation potential and efficiency in the country, by utilizing specified inputs and outputs parameters. However, take into account any structural links among elements affecting a country's achievement. We proposed in this study a structural equation model (SEM) based on the hypothesized innovation structure between seven indicators, representing inputs that contain institutions, human capital and research, infrastructure, market sophistication, and business sophistication. And outputs which are represented by knowledge and technology outputs, and creative outputs. By using the GII data from 2012 to 2021 in Russia, we discovered that knowledge and technology outputs, as well as infrastructure, have the largest direct and indirect influence on creative outputs and market sophistication, respectively. Also, we found a significant effect of institutions on market sophistication, and a great effect from infrastructure on institutions, and human capital and development. And while innovation is so important for economic growth, it is necessary to increase knowledge absorption to improve innovation performance. Also, for environmental considerations, such as ecological sustainability, as well as the indirect effect on Market sophistication)