bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the radiative effects of aerosols in an on-line coupled model over the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Palacios-Peña Laura , Baró Rocío , Guerrero-Rascado Juan L. , Alados-Arboledas Lucas , Brunner Dominik , Jiménez-Guerrero Pedro
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The effects of atmospheric aerosol particles over the Earth's climate mainly depend on their optical, microphysical and chemical properties, which modify the Earth radiative budget. The aerosol radiative effects can be divided into direct and semi-direct effects, produced by the aerosol-radiation interactions (ARI); and indirect effects, produced by aerosol-cloud interactions (ACI). In this sense the objective of this work is to assess whether the inclusion of aerosol radiative feedbacks in the on-line coupled WRF-Chem model improves the modelling outputs over the Iberian Peninsula (IP). For that purpose, the methodology bases on the evaluation of modelled aerosol optical properties under different simulation scenarios. The evaluated data come from two WRF-Chem simulations for the IP differing in the inclusion/no-inclusion of ARI and ACI (NRF/RF simulations). The case studies cover two episodes with different aerosol types over the IP in 2010, namely a Saharan desert dust outbreak and a forest fire episode. The evaluation uses observational data from AERONET stations and MODIS sensor, including aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Angström exponent (AE). Experimental data of aerosol vertical distribution from the EARLINET Granada station are used for checking the models. The results indicate that for the spatial distribution the best-represented variable is AOD and the largest improvements of including the radiative feedbacks are found for the vertical distribution. In the case of the dust outbreak, a slight improvement(worsening) is produced over the areas with medium(high/low) levels of AOD (−9 %/+12 % of improvement) when including the radiative feedbacks. For the wildfires episode, improvements of AOD representation (up to 11 %) over areas further away from emission sources are estimated, which compensates the computational effort of including aerosol feedbacks in the simulations. No evident improvement is observed for the AE representation, whose variability is largely underpredicted by both simulations.
Climate and demographic impacts on wildfire air pollution hazards during the 21st century
Authors: Knorr Wolfgang , Jiang Leiwen , Dentener Frank , Arneth Almut
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Wildfires pose a significant risk to human livelihoods and are a substantial health hazard due to emissions of toxic smoke. It is widely believed that climate change, through increasing the frequency of hot weather conditions, will also lead to an increase in wildfire activity. More recently, however, new research has shown that trends in population growth and urbanisation can be as important for fire prediction as changes in climate and atmospheric CO2, and that under certain scenarios, fire activity may continue to decline through most of the 21st century. The present study re-examines these results from the perspective of air pollution risk, focussing on emissions of airborne particulate matter (PM2.5). We combine an existing ensemble of simulations using a coupled fire-dynamic vegetation model with current observation-based estimates of wildfire emissions to predict future trends. Currently, wildfires PM2.5 emissions exceed those from anthropogenic sources in large parts of the world, while emissions from deforestation or peat fires constitute minor sources. We find that for Sub-Saharan Africa and southern China predictions of wildfire pollution risks depend almost entirely on population dynamics, whereas for North Australia and South America, it is mainly determined by climate change, with Southeast Asia lying somewhere in-between. Under a scenario of current legislation of anthropogenic emissions, global high population growth and slow urbanisation, wildfires may seize to be the dominant source in large parts of Sub-Saharan Africa. However, if anthropogenic emissions are strongly reduced, wildfires may both become the dominant source and lie above critical levels for health impacts in large parts of Australia, Africa, Latin America and Russia, and parts of southern China and southern Europe. This implies that controlling anthropogenic emissions will not suffice for attaining the World Health Organization air quality targets.
Technical note: A bootstrapped LOESS regression approach for comparing soil
depth profiles
Authors: Keith Aidan M. , Henrys Peter A. , Rowe Rebecca L. , McNamara Niall P.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Understanding the consequences of different land uses for the soil system is important to make better informed decisions based on sustainability. The ability to assess change in soil properties, throughout the soil profile, is a critical step in this process. We present an approach to examine differences in soil depth profiles between land uses using bootstrapped LOESS regressions (BLRs). This non-parametric approach is data-driven, unconstrained by distributional model parameters and provides the ability to determine significant effects of land use at specific locations down a soil profile. We demonstrate an example of the BLR approach using data from a study examining the impacts of bioenergy land use change on soil organic carbon (SOC). While this straightforward non-parametric approach may be most useful in comparing SOC profiles between land uses, it can be applied to any soil property which has been measured at satisfactory resolution down the soil profile. It is hoped that further studies of land use and land management, based on new or existing data, can make use of this approach to examine differences in soil profiles.
An open-source MEteoroLOgical observation time series DISaggregation Tool (MELODIST v0.1.1)
Authors: Förster Kristian , Hanzer Florian , Winter Benjamin , Marke Thomas , Strasser Ulrich
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Meteorological time series with 1 h time steps are required in many applications in geoscientific modelling. These hourly time series generally cover shorter periods of time compared to daily meteorological time series. We present an open-source MEteoroLOgical observation time series DISaggregation Tool (MELODIST). This software package is written in Python and comprises simple methods to temporally downscale (disaggregate) daily meteorological time series to hourly data. MELODIST is capable of disaggregating the most commonly used meteorological variables for geoscientific modelling including temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed, and shortwave radiation. In this way, disaggregation is performed independently for each variable considering a single site without spatial dependencies. The algorithms are validated against observed meteorological time series for five sites in different climates. Results indicate a good reconstruction of diurnal features at those sites. This makes the methodology interesting to users of models operating at hourly time steps, who want to apply their models for longer periods of time not covered by hourly observations.
Assessment of flood risk perceptions and adaptation capacity:
a comparative study between rural and peri-urban areas in
Greece
Authors: Karagiorgos Konstantinos , Fuchs Sven , Kitikidou Kyriaki , Maris Fotios , Paparrizos Spyridon , Thaler Thomas
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Focusing on flood risk and the information associated with it, developing risk management plans is often overlooking public perception of the threat. The perception of risk varies in many different ways, especially between the authorities and the affected public. It is because of this disconnection that many risk management plans concerning floods have failed in the past. This paper examines the private adaptation capacity and willingness with respect to flooding in two different catchments in Greece. The catchments of Evros and East Attica show recent flood events in the past 20 years. Two case studies were undertaken, comprised of a survey questionnaire focusing on 155 and 157 individuals, from a rural (Evros) and a peri-urban (East Attica) area, respectively, and they focused on those vulnerable to periodical (rural area) and flash floods (peri-urban area). Based on the comparisons drawn from these responses, and identifying key issues to be addressed when flood risk management plans are implemented, improvements are being recommended for the social dimension surrounding such implementation.
Implantable biomedical sensor array with biocompatible hermetic encapsulation
Authors: Jorsch Carola , Schmidt Ulrike , Ulkoski David , Scholz Carmen , Guenther Margarita , Gerlach Gerald
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The treatment of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, requires sensitive measuring systems. These should be able to detect the different metabolism-related parameters (blood glucose level, pH, pCO2) simultaneously and continuously. A new approach is an implantable wireless sensor microarray consisting of several hydrogel-based piezoresistive sensors that can provide an on-line monitoring of physiological parameters in the human body fluid. The specifically customized stimuli-responsive hydrogels enable the development of reliable biosensors for different analytes. In this regard, the on-line medical diagnostics attracts the main interest. The developed sensor system and its encapsulation should correspond to high requirements on the biocompatibility of implants according to the medical standard DIN EN ISO 10993-5. A multi-layer sensor encapsulation consisting of parylene C and amphiphilic block copolymers was proposed for subcutaneous implants and characterized using contact angle measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In vitro studies with model cells showed no cytotoxicity of the polyethylene glycol-based block copolymers. In order to understand the behavior of implants under physiological conditions, the interaction of the implant surface with biological specimen like proteins is discussed, taking into account the possible protein adsorption on the implant surface due to tissue inflammation around the implant, which should be minimized. Finally, the biocompatibility of the developed sensor system was studied to prove the suitability of the approach.
Palatalization and glide strengthening as competing repair strategies: Evidence from Kirundi
Authors: Kochetov Alexei
Published: July 2016

Alternations involving place-changing palatalization (e.g. t+j → ʧ in spirit – spiritual) are very common and have been a focus of much generative phonological work since Chomsky & Halle’s (1968) ‘Sound Pattern of English’. The interest in palatalization and its mechanisms (see e.g. Sagey 1990; Chen 1996; Bateman 2007) has somewhat obscured the question of how these processes fit into a wider typology of segmental alternations. What happens when palatalization fails to apply? Do other processes take its place and apply under the same circumstances? In this paper, I argue for a close functional and formal affinity between place-changing palatalization and one such process, palatal glide strengthening (e.g. p+j → pc). As evidence I present data from Kirundi (Bantu) on the realization of consonant + palatal and velar glide sequences within and across morphemes. As will be shown, palatalization and glide strengthening in Kirundi work in parallel, affecting different subsets of consonants. Specifically, palatalization targets C+j sequences with laryngeals, velars, nasal coronals, and – across morpheme boundaries – non-nasal coronals. In contrast, glide strengthening targets C+j sequences with labials and – within morphemes – non-nasal coronals. In addition, glide strengthening applies to within- and across-morpheme consonant + velar glide sequences, producing a set of outputs (e.g. m+w → mŋ) similar to C+j sequences. I further present a unified Optimality Theoretic (Prince & Smolensky 1993/2004) account of these seemingly disparate phenomena as both arising from different rankings of constraints prohibiting consonant + glide sequences (parameterized by place and/or manner) and various feature-specific agreement and faithfulness constraints. Finally, I explore typological predictions of this account, reviewing several remarkably similar cases of C + glide resolution patterns from other languages, and outlining questions for further research on consonant-vowel/glide interactions.This article is part of the special collection: Palatalization
Guideline adherence: How do boards of directors deal with it? A survey in Dutch hospitals
Authors: Blume Louise H.K. , Van Weert Nico J.H.W. , Busari Jamiu O. , Delnoij Diana
Published: July 2016

Objective: Adherence to guidelines is often low, as multiple barriers exist for guideline implementation. To tackle the implementation problem, awareness of the existence of guidelines is necessary for the health care process and setting as a whole.Purpose: Despite the importance of guidelines adherence, problems have been reported from hospitals in achieving this. This study gives insight into how boards of directors of general and specialist hospitals arrange the responsibilities for guideline adherence within their organisation, how they deal with guidelines for medical specialists and what opportunities exist for improvement.Methods: A survey was sent to 116 Dutch hospitals in 2015. Thirty-nine responses were included in the study for further analysis (net response rate of 36%). All data other than the open questions were analysed in SPSS using descriptives to answer the research question.Results: The findings demonstrated that the distribution of responsibility concerning guideline implementation is problematic. The boards of directors used a variety of information sources to keep informed about the status of implementation of the guidelines for medical specialists, mostly through medical specialists’ peer reviews (visits) and internal audits. The study revealed several opportunities for improvements, for example, that a national database is necessary with all up-to-date guidelines, whereby changes and news are distributed directly to hospitals and other stakeholders.Conclusions: This paper offers recommendations for a thoughtful shift in distribution of responsibility, as in a more desired situation the ultimate responsibility of the board of directors would decrease and the responsibility of the medical specialists would increase.
Nonsurgical Management of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Gomez Jaime A. , Hresko M. Timothy , Glotzbecker Michael P.
Published: July 2016

Pediatric patient visits for spinal deformity are common. Most of these visits are for nonsurgical management of scoliosis, with approximately 600,000 visits for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) annually. Appropriate management of scoliotic curves that do not meet surgical indication parameters is essential. Renewed enthusiasm for nonsurgical management of AIS (eg, bracing, physical therapy) exists in part because of the results of the Bracing in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Trial, which is the only randomized controlled trial available on the use of bracing for AIS. Bracing is appropriate for idiopathic curves between 20° and 40°, with successful control of these curves reported in >70% of patients. Patient adherence to the prescribed duration of wear is essential to maximize the effectiveness of the brace. The choice of brace type must be individualized according to the deformity and the patient’s personality as well as the practice setting and brace availability.
Surgical Management of Osteoarthritis of the Knee: Evidence-based Guideline
Authors: McGrory Brian J. , Weber Kristy L. , Jevsevar David S. , Sevarino Kaitlyn
Published: July 2016

Surgical Management of Osteoarthritis of the Knee: Evidence-based Guideline is based on a systematic review of the current scientific and clinical research. The guideline contains 38 recommendations pertaining to the preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative care of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee who are considering surgical treatment. The purpose of this clinical practice guideline is to help improve surgical management of patients with OA of the knee based on current best evidence. In addition to guideline recommendations, the work group highlighted the need for better research on the surgical management of OA of the knee.
A New Kinetics Defect Diffusion Model and the Critical Current Density of Semiconductor Laser Degradation
Authors: Huang Jack Jia-Sheng , Jan Yu-Heng
Published: July 2016

Critical current density on the electromigration failure is a commonly observed phenomenon in the integrated circuit (IC) interconnect. The critical current density is important for the lognormal distribution and failure time extrapolation of IC metal conductors. In this paper, we report the critical current density (jc) of semiconductor laser degradation for the first time. Despite of the different physical origin, the jc of the laser degradation exhibits similar effect on the failure time distribution. We develop a new kinetic defect diffusion model that can account for the existence of jc. We discuss the physical mechanism and its implication in the reliability extrapolation of diode lasers.
In-Hospital Outcome Based on the Mode of EMS Transportation in a High-Income Rapidly Developing Middle Eastern Country
Authors: Al-Thani Hassan , El-Menyar Ayman , Pillay Yugan , Mollazehi Monira , Mekkodathil Ahammed , Consunji Rafael
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND: Helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) are considered as a standard component of advanced pre-hospital emergency care system. We assessed the clinical presentation and outcomes of trauma patients transported by HEMS versus ground emergency medical services (GEMS).

METHODS: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected trauma registry data at a level I trauma center was conducted for patients transported by GEMS and HEMS between 2011 and 2013. Patients’ data were categorized and analyzed based on the mode of transportation (MOT).

RESULTS: A total of 4596 trauma patients were admitted to the hospital with a mean age of 31±15 years. Injured patients were transported to the trauma centre by GEMS (93.3%) and HEMS (6.7%). The common mechanisms of injury were motor vehicle crash (37%) and fall (25%). MVC victims were transported to the hospital by HEMS, whereas, patients with fall and pedestrian injuries (P=0.001 for all) were more likely to be transported by GEMS. Moreover, patients in the HEMS group had a higher frequency of head (p=0.001) and chest (p=0.001) injuries and required prolonged ICU and overall hospital stay (p=0.001). When compared with GEMS, HEMS group were more likely to sustain severe injuries (ISS>15; p=0.001) and needed frequent on-scene intubation (P=0.001). Hospital mortality was grater in HEMS patients (10% vs 4%, p=0.001) in comparison to GEMS. Multivariate analysis, after adjusting for the confounding factors demonstrated that polytrauma and lower scene GCS were the independent predictors of mortality.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients transported by HEMS are characterized by greater injury severity, traumatic brain injury and on-scene intubation. Moreover, the mortality is 2.5 fold greater in patients transported by GEMS, however, the impact of MOT on mortality disappear after adjusting for potential confounders. Institutional guidelines that focus on clinical triage criteria, key environmental factors and reducing transport time may be informed by this study. Further investigations are needed to better quantifyestimate the pre-hospital time intervals and to identify the sub-groups of trauma patients who will clearly benefit from the use of HEMS.
La pista de hielo (1993) en el contexto de la nueva novela negra latinoamericana
Authors: Coello Gutiérrez Emiliano
Published: July 2016

Situados en el contexto de la llamada novela negra latinoamericana y a partir de la diferenciación entre el neopolicíaco y la novela antidetectivesca, este artículo indaga en los antecedentes de esta última manifestación genérica, presenta los rasgos más destacados de la novela El hombre que había olvidado, del chileno Carlos Droguett y propone que el texto La pista de hielo, puede constituir una suerte de paradigma de ella en la medida en que Roberto Bolaño, se vale del armazón de la novela policiaca para explorar las infinitas posibilidades de la escritura, entendida como un proceso de búsqueda de las huellas significantes de un significado ausente.
La mirada al inocente: la relación poética entre José Agustín Goytisolo y Juan Gelman
Authors: Saura Alba
Published: July 2016

En este trabajo, analizaremos la relación existente entre los primeros poemarios de los poetas José Agustín Goytisolo (1928 – 1999) y Juan Gelman (1930 – 2014). Se trata de obras que comparten años de publicación y escritura y una palpable intencionalidad social; nos referimos a Salmos al viento (1958), Claridad (1960) y Algo sucede (1968) de Goytisolo, en relación a Violín y otras cuestiones (1956), El juego en que andamos (1959), Velorio del solo (1961) y Gotán (1962) de Gelman. Así, podremos evidenciar los puntos en común en la cosmovisión poética de ambos autores a través de la mirada que vuelcan en estos primeros poemarios a los más inocentes de la sociedad.
De lo queer/cuir/cuy(r) en América Latina. Accidentes y malos entendidos en la narrativa de Ena Lucía Portela
Authors: Falconí Diego
Published: July 2016

Este trabajo busca reflexionar respecto a la sugerente literatura de Ena Lucía Portela y la posibilidad de analizar sus textos desde una perspectiva de los estudios cuir/cuy(r)/queer. Para ello, a partir del relato “En vísperas del accidente” se explora cuál es la comprensión de la autora sobre de la teoría queer mainstream y su impacto en la literatura; pero, sobre todo, cómo sus personajes, sujetos sexualmente diversos, se ubican en el tráfico global de las políticas identitarias, problematizando el aterrizaje queer en el tercer mundo. Para ello, y desde la intersección de los estudios pos/decoloniales y las teorías de género, este artículo explora, dentro de la narrativa de la autora cubana, algunos entendimientos, desentendimientos y sobre-entendimientos que ocurren al momento de traducir semántica y culturalmente “lo queer” en América Latina y que, por tanto, permiten ver su pertinencia en la región.
El mito de la Malinche en la obra reciente de escritoras latinoamericanas
Authors: Hoppe Navarro Márcia
Published: July 2016

Este artículo busca trazar un rápido perfil sobre la rescritura del mito de la Malinche en la literatura latinoamericana, examinado cómo éste se inserta en una propuesta más general: la de mirar con nuevos ojos no sólo su papel, sino el de la mujer en la historia a través de la literatura.
Pathology Informatics Essentials for Residents: A Flexible Informatics Curriculum Linked to Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Milestones
Authors: Henricks Walter H. , Karcher Donald S. , Harrison James H. , Sinard John H. , Riben Michael W. , Boyer Philip J. , Plath Sue , Thompson Arlene , Pantanowitz Liron
Published: July 2016

Context.—Recognition of the importance of informatics to the practice of pathology has surged. Training residents in pathology informatics has been a daunting task for most residency programs in the United States because faculty often lacks experience and training resources. Nevertheless, developing resident competence in informatics is essential for the future of pathology as a specialty.

Objective.—To develop and deliver a pathology informatics curriculum and instructional framework that guides pathology residency programs in training residents in critical pathology informatics knowledge and skills, and meets Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Informatics Milestones.

Design.—The College of American Pathologists, Association of Pathology Chairs, and Association for Pathology Informatics formed a partnership and expert work group to identify critical pathology informatics training outcomes and to create a highly adaptable curriculum and instructional approach, supported by a multiyear change management strategy.

Results.—Pathology Informatics Essentials for Residents (PIER) is a rigorous approach for educating all pathology residents in important pathology informatics knowledge and skills. PIER includes an instructional resource guide and toolkit for incorporating informatics training into residency programs that vary in needs, size, settings, and resources. PIER is available at http://www.apcprods.org/PIER (accessed April 6, 2016).

Conclusions.—PIER is an important contribution to informatics training in pathology residency programs. PIER introduces pathology trainees to broadly useful informatics concepts and tools that are relevant to practice. PIER provides residency program directors with a means to implement a standardized informatics training curriculum, to adapt the approach to local program needs, and to evaluate resident performance and progress over time.
Goya Lopes – Trajetória de uma Criadora
Authors:   Universidade Salvador, Lopes Maria Auxiliadora dos Santos Goya
Published: July 2016

O artigo apresenta a criação de uma vertente da moda e decoração com a finalidade de atender à demanda de um mercado que sonhava com um produto com identidade cultural vinculado a matriz africana e/ou o afro-brasileiro. Trata-se de texto biográfico ilustrado com fotos e desenhos da produção artística da autora. Foram adotadas três etapas: motivação da autora desde a descoberta quando criança de que tinha uma maneira diferente de desenhar; formação como artista plástica e designer e a estratégia de ser empresária para estar no mercado e poder desenvolver um padrão de estamparia que tivesse personalidade própria. A contribuição desse trabalho pioneiro da moda afro-brasileira abriu caminhos para a discussão de um novo contexto ainda não muito discutido no campo da moda. Abordagem da experiência da artista/designer/empresária Goya Lopes, um retrato de sua trajetória, formação e de como a motivação ao longo de sua vida a fez construir esse trabalho autoral.
Artesanato: mercadoria, valor e feitiche
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Ceará, Silva Emanuelle Kelly Ribeiro da
Published: July 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo expor reflexões acerca do artesanato como diferencial simbólico para os produtos na atualidade. A discussão responde ao objetivo de identificar as suas características como bem simbólico/cultural e ao mesmo tempo econômico, buscando-se, assim, quebrar paradigmas concernentes à sua “idealização” que é pautada numa concepção do artesanato como algo precioso e intocável. Baseia-se em revisão de literatura que parte da teoria marxista sobre a mercadoria, o valor e o fetiche, passando pelo posicionamento do artesanato em meio aos bens de consumo.
(In) Vestindo histórias: fragmentos do processo de patrimonialização do Acervo de Indumentária do Movimento Tradicionalista Gaúcho de Porto Alegre - RS
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Muller Caroline , Corrêa Ronaldo de Oliveira
Published: July 2016

Este texto apresenta histórias sobre o processo de patrimonialização do Acervo de Indumentária do Movimento Tradicionalista Gaúcho (MTG), localizado na cidade de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. O acervo é descrito pelos(as) interlocutores(as), que narram as suas experiências cotidianas enquanto participantes do processo. Este conjunto de informações tece uma forma de contar histórias, cuja intenção não é reconstruí-las de um modo linear e cronológico, mas sim plural, múltipla e fragmentada. Ainda, a pesquisa apoiou-se nas fontes escritas, tais como documentos, registros fotográficos e diários de campo acessados durante a pesquisa empírica realizada nos anos de 2014 e 2015. Ao destacar as memórias, os saberes e as trajetórias dos(as) interlocutores(as) no acervo, foi possível compreender que a indumentária os constitui e escancara seus ideais e vontades.
O Uso de Ferramentas de Pesquisa para Avaliação de Conforto na Moda Intima Feminina
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Pagnan Andreia Salvan
Published: July 2016

Dentro do universo do vestuário feminino as roupas intimas ficaram durante muito tempo num plano insignificante no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento de novos materiais têxteis, formas e cores. A calcinha que fora conhecida como culote ou ceroula só veio a ser uma necessidade por volta do século XX com os vestidos vaporosos de Christian Dior na década de 50. Os avanços tecnológicos no setor têxtil trouxeram o spandex criado pelo laboratório americano DuPont’s mais conhecido como a lycra. A elasticidade do tecido conferiu maior conforto às lingeries femininas, passando este atributo a ser considerado como um fator de qualidade nas peças. Para entender os desejos das usuárias uma pesquisa qualitativa foi realizada com mulheres de 18 a 45 anos coletando opiniões relativas à percepção de conforto de modelos já existentes comparados a um novo a ser lançado no mercado. Por meio da ferramenta Quality Function Deployment (QFD), ou Desdobramento da Função Qualidade, os dados obtidos em respostas das usuárias recebem uma interpretação que consiste em priorizar metas para o desenvolvimento de um produto baseadas nas análises das características desejadas as quais são convertidas em atributos técnicos.
Ergonomia física: as exigências presentes na atuação de modelista do vestuário
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Planca Sabrina Helena , Merino Eugenio Andrés Díaz , Merino Giselle Schmidt Alves Díaz
Published: July 2016

As indústrias de confecção de vestuário representam um setor importante da economia no Brasil. Em 2012, o país foi classificado como a quarta maior potência na atividade industrial de confecção de vestuário e acessórios do mundo. O estado de Santa Catarina se destaca no setor, principalmente, pela Região do Vale do Itajaí, sendo descrita como um dos polos têxteis e confeccionistas mais avançados do país. Uma das atividades que faz parte do processo produtivo de confecção é a de modelagem que, dependendo da empresa pode ser realizada internamente ou, de forma externa em escritórios (bureaux) de modelagem. Neste caso, foi analisada a atividade realizada em um escritório de modelagem com o objetivo de identificar as exigências físicas associadas a atividade, como forma de gerar um diagnóstico e propor medidas de melhoria. Para esta finalidade o estudo foi dividido em duas etapas, sendo uma de cunho teórico que buscou levantar uma base teórica sobre o assunto e outra de cunho aplicado, caracterizando-se como estudo de caso em um escritório de modelagem, localizado na cidade de Gaspar/SC, se utilizando de observações, visitas in loco, entrevistas e a aplicação do Questionário Nórdico. Como resultado foi possível evidenciar que a literatura apresenta limitados estudos focando esta atividade, e em específico o estudo de caso acusou problemas no ambiente de trabalho, como por exemplo: mobiliário inadequado, espaço reduzido, exigências de atingimento de metas, em se tratando de uma atividade autônoma, reflexos diretos na saúde física com queixas de dores e desconfortos em várias partes do corpo, principalmente na região cervical e membros superiores, os quais se associam diretamente às posturas adotadas, exigidas pela atividade e condicionadas pelo mobiliário. Outros aspectos que não faziam parte do estudo ficaram evidentes, como por exemplo, as exigências cognitivas advindas da pressão do trabalho.
Concise Review: Markers for Assessing Human Stem Cell-Derived Implants as β-Cell Replacement in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Pipeleers Daniel , Robert Thomas , De Mesmaeker Ines , Ling Zhidong
Published: July 2016

A depleted β-cell mass causes diabetes complications that cannot be avoided by insulin administration. β-Cell replacement can stop their development when restoring insulin's homeostatic role. This requires a sufficient number and an adequate functional state of the β cells, together defined as “functional β-cell mass.” Intraportal implants of human pancreatic islet cells correct hyperglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes, but this effect is transient and often incomplete. Studies to improve outcome are hindered by shortage in donor pancreases. Human pluripotent stem cells are a candidate source for mass production of grafts for β-cell replacement. Their in vitro differentiation to pancreatic endoderm (stage 4) and to β-cell-containing preparations (stage 7) provides grafts that generate β-cell implants in mice. In vivo markers indicated a better outcome of device-encapsulated stage 4 cells and microencapsulated stage 7 cells as compared with nonencapsulated grafts. Encapsulation also offers the advantage of representative implant retrieval for direct analysis by ex vivo markers. Combination of in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo markers allows comparison of different stem cell-derived grafts and implants, with each other and with clinical islet cell preparations that serve as reference. Data in mice provide insights into the biology of stem cell-generated β-cell implants, in particular their capacity to establish and sustain a functional β-cell mass. They can thus be indicative for translation of a graft to similar studies in patients, where metabolic benefit will be an additional marker of primordial importance.

Significance

Human stem cell-derived preparations can generate insulin-producing implants in immune-incompetent mice. Steps are undertaken for translation to patients with type 1 diabetes. Their therapeutic significance will depend on their capacity to establish a functional β-cell mass that provides metabolic benefit. This study proposes the combined use of in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo markers to assess this potential in preclinical models and in clinical studies.
Using Web-Based Corpora to Find Norwegian Specialised Neologies
Authors: Kristiansen Marita
Published: July 2016

In this article I present an on-going study of the use of web-based corpora to detect Norwegian terminology and in particular financial neologisms. With an ever increasing influence from English in the domain, the use of anglicisms such as ‘dobbeldipp’ (‘double dip’) or ‘shortsalg’ (‘short selling’) is increasing rapidly. The study focuses on how to detect these specialised neologisms and also possible Norwegian terms that are formed. Three different corpora are used, i.e., the Norwegian Newspaper Corpus (NNC), Peter Warrens finansblogg (PW) and a blog on a research project which focuses on the financial crisis called Crisis, restructuring and Growth (KOV). The aim is to gather terminological information which can be useful in the NHH Termbase, an online, web-based termbase to be used by students, lecturers and researchers at the Norwegian School of Economics (NHH).
Communication Design
Authors: Fischer Kerstin , Larsen Helena
Published: July 2016

In this article, we present our approach to communication design, which focuses on the organization of information for a particular audience and communicative purpose, drawing on knowledge from a range of disciplines including linguistics and communication. We argue that communication design can help companies save enormous costs and attract, as well as keep, customers. We present an example for a redesign by one of the students from our study programs at SDU Sonderborg that illustrates the kind of work communication designers can do.
Culture and Rhetorical Expectations: A Perspective for Technical Communicators
Authors: St.Amant Kirk
Published: July 2016

In this article, I discuss how individuals who communicate about technical and scientific topics (i.e., technical communicators) can apply ideas from the theory of rhetoric to communicate more effectively with individuals from other cultures. In so doing, I present a question-based strategy technical communicators can use for planning how they will develop different communication products (e.g., written reports, instructions, websites, etc.) for audiences from cultures other than their own.
ADVICE FROM A PROFESSIONAL: The DNA of a Technical Communicator
Authors: Nyberg Mette
Published: July 2016

Unlike our peers in the US or UK, the technical communicators in the Danish/Scandinavian region have not had the luck of easy access to formal education within the field of technical communication. I claim that most of us technical communicators in the Danish/Scandinavian region do not have a formal technical communication degree. We have learned on the job – spiced with relevant courses (such as Information Mapping), and we have kept ourselves up to date by attending conferences, reading books and articles. For the past 10 years or so we have been blessed with the growing wealth of information on the Internet to keep us in the loop and the social media to exchange views and experiences.This article discusses the evolution of a technical communicator profile as known in the Danish/Scandinavian region and what it takes to become a good technical communicator. What is indeed the skill set of a good technical communicator? Is there at all a future for technical communicators - and is it a promising career path?
The power of language in corporate financial reports
Authors: Slattery Darina
Published: July 2016

Financial information is extremely valuable to investors and other interested parties. This information, which can be qualitative or quantitative in nature, can be analyzed and subsequently used to try to predict future share prices and/or determine market sentiment. Financial writers need to bear this in mind when writing reports, as their message(s) could be interpreted in unexpected ways and this could cause undesirable market reactions. In this article, I provide an overview of some studies that examined the writing style and tone of financial reports. I also provide an overview of some studies that examined the use of positive and negative words in financial reports. I conclude with reference to some recent studies that involved the automatic analysis and classification of financial content. Whilst the success of automated tools has been limited, to a certain extent, tools are being used increasingly to assist with the daunting task of interpreting complicated and lengthy financial documents. Once these tools improve, it will not be so easy for financial writers to disguise bad news in the midst of good news.
EDITORIAL: Communication and Language at Work (CLAW) – Bridging Theory and Practice, 3rd issue, 2014
Authors: Kastberg Peter , Møller Margrethe , Møller Anne
Published: July 2016

Dear readers, We, the editors, are proud to bring you the 3rd edition of CLAW with a focus on Social Media and / in Business Communication!
The Many Faces of Communication Quality
Authors: Kastberg Peter
Published: July 2016

When it comes to quantity, you can easily measure and quantify, the length of an instructional text, the number of words and images used in an ad, or the duration of a sales presentation etc.There is nothing, however, in such a purely quantitative measurement that will tell you whether or not the text, the ad and the talk were “good”. A “good” instructional text is not necessarily a short one, the text to image ratio of an ad says nothing about how effective the ad may be, and a compressed talk will often leave the inquisitive listener unsatisfied.
Conference Review - Languages & The Media, 6th International Conference & Exhibition on Language Transfer in Audiovisual Media, October 25-27, 2006, Berlin
Authors: Christoffersen Ellen
Published: July 2016

The participants of the conference, which had as its theme “Free Access – Priceless Rights?”, were professionals involved in subtitling, voice-over or translation, language industry specialists, distributors of audiovisual media products, producers of media programmes, broadcasters, researchers and representatives of viewer organisations.
Let the Writer Beware! - a Look at Aspects of the EU Legislation Concerning Instructional Texts
Authors: Kastberg Peter
Published: July 2016

We have probably all heard the story of the person who supposedly put a wet dog into the microwave oven to let it dry or the story of the person who drank coffee from a plastic cup and got severely burned, or the one in which a jogger stumbles and falls in the too long shoe laces of his / her sneakers. Whether or not stories like these are urban legends is hard to determine with any certainty. But judging from the ever increasing volume of the instruction manuals accompanying, for instance, our household appliances and other end user products there could be some truth to them.
Portrait of a Contender: Salome Abungy
Authors: Kampf Constance E.
Published: July 2016

I first met Salome in 1998, when she and I both were grad students at the Department of Rhetoric at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities...
Multimedia: How to Combine Language and Visuals
Authors: Horz Holger , Schnotz Wolfgang
Published: July 2016

In the last decade, advanced computer technology has allowed for development of information systems and learning environments that combine language with other forms of human communication in innovative ways. Language in the form of written texts, for example, can be combined not only with static pictures or graphs as in printed material, but also with animation or video.
Localization: Customizing Software for the World
Authors: Karsch Barbara Inge , Bansleben Erik
Published: July 2016

The Professional & Continuing Education (PCE) division at University of Washington (in Seattle, United States) is launching a new Certificate program this year in localization. Officially named Localization: Customizing Software for the World, the program is comprised of a 3-course intensive format that was developed in partnership with industry, professional organizations, and academia.
What’s in a Brand? Notes on the History and Main Functions of Branding
Authors: Kastberg Peter
Published: July 2016

The phenomenon of branding is probably as old as organized trade itself; it could in fact be as old as human territorial behavior.
Portrait of a Contender: Ismael Arinas Pellón
Authors: Pellón Ismael Arinas
Published: July 2016

“Language at Work – Bridging Theory and Practice” recently connected with Ismael Arinas Pellón, a foreign language lecturer at the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain. Ismael had interesting insight to share with “Language at Work” readers about the role of foreign language usage from a personal and professional perspective.
A Language with a Purpose - the Original Lingua Franca
Authors: Kastberg Peter
Published: July 2016

The original Lingua Franca was a language without a nation, without native speakers, and without literature. Despite these facts, which we may easily see as severe shortcomings in the linguistics department, it was, however, a language that served its purpose. From the Dark Ages and until the onset of modernity it served as the traders’ Esperanto. As such it was spoken from the Levant across the Mediterranean and to the Maghreb. Actually a quite convincing track record for a linguistically challenged language, I might add.
Les Éditions Rodrigol : un formalisme du commun
Authors: Côté-Fournier Laurence
Published: July 2016

Les choix esthétiques de la maison d’édition Rodrigol révèlent un parti pris marqué pour les expérimentations formelles, allié à une forte valorisation de la culture populaire et de l’insignifiant. Cet article analyse trois oeuvres du catalogue Rodrigol : Je suis Sébastien Chevalier de Patrice Lessard, À l’oral ou à l’oreille de Claudine Vachon et Chaos = zéro mort, encore, 1,2,3 de Franz Schürch. Il entend cerner comment les prises de position esthétiques dégagées de ces oeuvres s’inscrivent dans le champ littéraire québécois, par rapport à des moments antérieurs de cette littérature (« ti-pop », contre-culture, formalisme) et à des oeuvres d’auteurs contemporains d’autres maisons d’édition qui montrent des affinités avec ces positions et les ont défendues dans différents essais et articles.
Paratexte et mentions éditoriales : brouillages et hapax au coeur de la « Renaissance
québécoise »
Authors: Landry Pierre-Luc , Voyer Marie-Hélène
Published: July 2016

Cet article s’intéresse à l’omniprésence, dans la littérature québécoise
contemporaine, d’une multitude d’étiquettes composites, en quatrième de couverture ou en
page titre, qui subvertissent les grands genres littéraires. Cette inventivité générique de
la part des jeunes maisons d’édition québécoises infléchit inévitablement l’horizon
d’attente du lecteur, et l’article examine les formes, les enjeux et les paradoxes de cette
pratique. Une certaine lecture historique permet de situer une telle créativité éditoriale
entre les pôles de l’originalité et de l’hésitation, ou encore entre ceux du jeu, de la
transgression et de l’hybridation.
Des sous-produits éditoriaux au secours de la littérature
Authors: Audet René
Published: July 2016

Plusieurs jeunes éditeurs littéraires québécois du début du XXIe siècle
tentent de gagner une plus grande visibilité en recourant à diverses stratégies
publicitaires et éditoriales, depuis les objets promotionnels jusqu’aux ouvrages au statut
ou au rendu inhabituels. Négociant entre la visibilité et la ligne éditoriale, entre le
branding et l’affirmation d’une esthétique singulière, ils font oeuvre à travers la
panoplie de ces sous-produits éditoriaux qui contribuent à leur image de marque et à
l’établissement d’une niche qui leur est propre. Le phénomène, lourdement alimenté par la
maîtrise des outils de production et de diffusion numériques, participe de leur essor dans
un contexte commercial souvent occupé par des groupes éditoriaux établis de longue
date.
Les avatars du « Je ». Roman et reportage dans l’entre-deux-guerres
Authors: Simard-Houde Mélodie
Published: July 2016

Le reportage constitue, dans la France de l’entre-deux-guerres, une matrice poétique qui connaît diverses déclinaisons, au gré d’une diffusion très large supportée tant par la presse quotidienne et hebdomadaire que par l’édition en volume. Il est investi par les écrivains et constitue un lieu d’expérimentations formelles à la croisée du journalisme et de la littérature. Dès lors, il apparaît pertinent d’examiner quelques interactions du reportage et du roman à la première personne, deux types de récits contemporains, distincts par leur visée et leur contexte de production, mais marqués tous deux par la mise en avant d’une subjectivité. Dans un premier temps, une lecture du reportage sous l’angle peu emprunté de l’écriture de soi permet de mettre en évidence une forme d’autofiction journalistique qui fait écho aux romans du « réalisme subjectif » (Jacques Dubois) et à certains enjeux de l’entreprise proustienne. Chez les reporters Georges Le Fèvre et Maryse Choisy, un sujet en crise questionne ainsi la notion d’identité à partir d’une expérience vécue dans le cadre du reportage d’identification. Dans un second temps, le Voyage au bout de la nuit de Louis-Ferdinand Céline est analysé comme subversion de la forme narrative et des motifs récurrents du grand reportage, en prolongeant une hypothèse formulée par Paul Aron. Le personnage de Bardamu dessine en creux la silhouette d’un « mauvais » reporter, refusant la geste héroïque de son double, comme le discours patriotique, pro-colonial ou la mise en scène pittoresque de l’exotisme géographique et social que le reportage propose au lectorat de la presse d’information.