bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die Lyrik des Alltags und die Utopie eines versöhnten Amerikas
Authors: Schneider Gerhard , Witt-Schneider Gabriele
Published: January 2021

Die Autoren zeigen zunächst, wie der Film Paterson filmische Erwartungen im Gefolge des Hollywood Mainstreamkinos unterläuft: No action, sex, crime, wobei Jim Jarmusch solche Erwartungsbrüche nicht nur durch die Art des Films schafft, der das alltägliche Leben seines Protagonisten, des Busfahrers Paterson aus der Provinzstadt Paterson (New Jersey) und dessen Frau Laura zeigt, er inszeniert sie auch im Film selbst. Der Film ist »amerikanischer Zen« und appelliert darin in besonderer Weise an die psychoanalytische Grundhaltung der nichts wollenden, gleichschwebenden Aufmerksamkeit. Was ihn auszeichnet, ist sein Bezug zur Lyrik. Zum einen gibt es Lyrik im Film – Paterson ist Dichter –, zum anderen ist der Film selbst (alltags-)lyrischer Art. Darin erweist er sich als eine Hommage an den großen amerikanischen Lyriker William Carlos Williams, dessen Langgedicht PATERSON (über Paterson, New Jersey) der hintergründige Referenzpunkt des Films ist. Im Hinblick darauf lässt sich in einer kulturpsychoanalytischen Perspektive der Film als symbolische Wiedergutmachung der durch die ökonomische Entwicklung »geleisteten« Zerstörungsarbeit und als Utopie eines Amerika verstehen, in dem Fortschritt und Mythos versöhnt sind.
Video-Telefonie im Internet – die unheimliche Dritte – und Psychotherapie
Authors: Dettbarn Irmgard
Published: January 2021

Eine der neuesten und umwälzenden Erfindungen des Menschen ist das Internet und die damit seit 2003 mögliche Video-Telefonie. Irmgard Dettbarn, die erste IPA-Lehranalytikerin in China, benutzt sie, um die in Beijing begonnenen Psychoanalysen, gekoppelt mit persönlichen Stunden vor Ort, fortzusetzen. Keine räumliche Nähe, nur virtuelle Präsenz des Anderen – kann so ein echter analytischer Prozess entstehen? Und wenn ja, welche Implikationen sind damit für Analytiker und Analysand verbunden? Physische Gewalt und sexueller Missbrauch sind unmöglich in einer »raumlosen« Therapie, Phantasien umso mehr. Kann in besonders emotionalen Krisen ein solches »körperloses« Containing ausreichen? Fragen über Fragen, für die die Autorin nach Antworten sucht. Dabei stößt sie auf das von Freud beschriebene magisch anmutende »Unheimliche«, in dem die erworbene Trennung von Realität und Phantasie gefährlich verschwimmt. Ihre Gedanken führen zu der allgemeinen Bedeutung von Werkzeugen und Maschinen für uns Menschen. Mit ihnen erweitern wir unsere Fähigkeiten und vergrößern unsere Freiheit und machen uns zugleich abhängig von ihnen. Mit jeder neuen Erfindung, die Umwelt und Mensch so verändern wie der Buchdruck, die Industrialisierung und die digitale Revolution, wird die Psyche gefordert, Veränderung zu akzeptieren – und zu beeinflussen.
The American Adam – zwischen Unschuldsbehauptung und Tätertraumata
Authors: West-Leuer Beate
Published: January 2021

Das kollektive Identitätsgefühl in den USA basiert auf einem Heldenmythos, der seit dem 19. Jahrhundert die amerikanische Literatur durchzieht: der American Adam. Wie der biblische Adam vor dem Sündenfall nimmt er in paradiesischer Unschuld sein Schicksal in die Hand – in seinem Eden, der neuen Welt, die den Amerikanern von Gott gegeben wurde. Er ist ein naiver »Wilder«, der als Außenseiter und Einzelkämpfer ohne Rücksicht auf Regeln und Gesetze ein Leben in Ungebundenheit und Freiheit führt. Als bis heute wirkende psychische Repräsentanz ist der American Adam auch Leitbild der politischen Führungskultur in den USA. Die politischen Akteure haben den (unausgesprochenen) Auftrag, die Vorstellung eines paradiesischen Unschuldszustands aufrecht zu erhalten und die Nation vor einer Konfrontation mit den Sünden der Vergangenheit – wie der Vertreibung der Ureinwohner, Sklaverei und Vietnamkrieg – zu bewahren. Ein Verzicht auf diese Unschuldsfantasie wäre für die meisten Amerikaner unannehmbar, wie zeigt beispielhaft an der medialen Inszenierung der militärischen Biographie des Vietnamveteranen James Gordon »Bo« Gritz zeigen läßt. Insofern stellte die Wahl Donald J. Trumps zum US-Präsidenten auch eine Antwort des reaktionären Amerika auf seinen Vorgänger Barack Obama dar: Dieser brach ein Tabu, als er am 18. März 2008 von der »nie ausgeräumten Rassenfrage« sprach, die ihren Ursprung in der Sklaverei habe, »der Erbsünde der Nation«. Trump verkörpert die bitter ironische, clowneske Variante des Adam-Mythos, die der amerikanische Schriftsteller Herman Melville 1857 in seiner Satire »The Confidence-Man. His Masquerade« so brillant charakterisierte. Wie Melvilles schillernder Confidence Man, der die Schwächen seiner Mitmenschen kennt und gewissenlos ausnutzt, verführt heute Trump seine Wähler dazu, unerwünschte Aspekte der eigenen Geschichte zu verdrängen und ihm im Gegenzug blindes Vertrauen zu schenken.
Zeichnungen von Elisabeth Faulhaber aus der Sammlung Prinzhorn
Authors: Frohoff Sonja
Published: January 2021

Zunächst werden ein Überblick über die Sammlung Prinzhorn und die Ideen von Hans Prinzhorn gegeben sowie einige Rezeptionslinien von Kunst aus psychopathologischem Kontext skizziert. Neuere phänomenologische Überlegungen der letzten Jahre werden aufgegriffen, die sich im Ausgang der Leibphänomenologie entwickelt haben. Zentral sind dabei Gedanken des französischen Philosophen Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908–1961), die sowohl zur Weiterentwicklung von phänomenologischen Bildtheorien als auch zur Annäherung von Psychoanalyse und Phänomenologie beigetragen haben. Ausführlich werden im Anschluss drei Zeichnungen von Elisabeth Faulhaber (1890–1921), zwei Paarund eine Gruppendarstellung betrachtet, um den Ansatz einer »leiblichen Bilderfahrung« vorzuführen. Um Brücken zur psychoanalytischen Forschung zu schlagen und den weiteren Austausch zwischen den Schulen anzuregen, werden erstens Bausteine des Vorgehens zu psychoanalytischen Konzepten von Hartmut Kraft und Donald Winnicott in Bezug gesetzt. Zweitens schließe ich mit Merleau-Pontys Beitrag zu einer Auffassung des Unbewussten, dessen Deutungen von Thomas Fuchs und anderen, und beziehe diese Überlegungen auf die Frage nach einem Verständnis des Unbewussten im Bild.
Menschen mit Demenz verstehen
Authors: Heinemann Evelyn
Published: January 2021

Immer mehr Menschen leben im Alter über immer längere Zeit mit körperlichen und/oder kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen in Pflegeheimen. Demenz und psychische Störungen, wie Depressionen und Angst, machen eine Neuorganisation der Altenpflege notwendig. Wir benötigen mehr als Pflege zur Verbesserung der Lebensqualität in den Senioreneinrichtungen. Menschen mit Demenz können – auch wenn Demenz organisch bedingt ist – psychoanalytisch verstanden werden. Die englische Schule (Melanie Klein), die Bindungstheorie und Freuds Theorie des Unbewußten sind dabei hilfreiche Ansätze. Anhand von Fallvignetten werden Perspektiven aufgezeigt, wie ein Verstehen im Pflegeheim möglich ist. Über teilnehmende Beobachtung und Gespräche kann die psychische Arbeit, zum Beispiel die Abwehr von Trauer und Angst, nachvollzogen werden. Work-discussion-groups zwischen Pflegern und fiktiv einzustellenden Pädagogen sowie Demenz-Ambulanzen an psychoanalytischen Instituten könnten zu einem besseren Verständnis von herausfordernden Verhaltensweisen beitragen. Sinnvolle Bildungsangebote, projektund bewegungsorientiert, sowie inklusive Kulturangebote könnten gleichfalls zur Unterstützung und Verbesserung der Lebensqualität beitragen. Lernbegleiter kommen dem starken Bedürfnis nach Bindung nach und ermöglichen kognitive, emotionale und soziale Erfahrungen, die der Demenz entgegenwirken.
Happy End? Michael Hanekes Altersfilme
Authors: Hamburger Andreas , Pramataroff-Hamburger Vivian
Published: January 2021

Der Beitrag untersucht auf der Basis der filmpsychoanalytischen Methode (Hamburger, 2018) zwei Filme von Michael Haneke über das Alter, die auch als Altersfilme gelesen werden können: Amour (F 2012) und Happy End (F,D,A 2017). Die Analyse geht von den (bewußten und unbewußten) Zuschauerreaktionen aus, wie etwa die kontroverse Diskussion im Publikum und in der Kritik, und belegt dann an Detailanalysen, wie vor allem Amour, aber auch Happy End systematisch eine Spaltung im Publikum erzeugen. Amour verpackt die in Hanekes Œuvre inhärente Kritik medialisierter Gewalt in eine verführerische Liebesgeschichte, die von Happy End in ein absurdes Familiendrama fortgeschrieben wird. In den Spaltungsreaktionen im Publikum zeigt sich, wie Haneke die unsymbolisierbare Verstrickung von Liebe und Gewalt in seinem Werk abbildet und zugleich, ohne dies noch explizit zu thematisieren, die allgegenwärtige Verführungsmacht der Medien vorführt.
Lou Andreas-Salomé – Rebellin oder Femme fatale?
Authors: Pop Christine
Published: January 2021

Der Film hat die Biographie von Lou Andreas-Salomé, Psychoanalytikerin und Philosophin, wie sie in deren Memoiren mit Hilfe des Germanisten Ernst Pfeiffer verschriftet wurden, zum Inhalt. Cordula Kablitz-Post inszeniert dieses Biopic aus der Perspektive der 72-jährigen Lou Andreas-Salomé im Jahr 1933. Schwerpunkt ist hierbei die persönliche Entwicklung von Andreas-Salomé und deren Beziehungen zu und Einfluß auf (v.a.) Friedrich Nietzsche, Paul Rée, Carl Andreas, Rainer Maria Rilke und Ernst Pfeiffer. Die Filminterpretation zentriert auf die Emanzipationsbemühungen Lou Andreas-Salomés angesichts der Einschränkungen der intellektuellen Entwicklung von Frauen und deren Schwierigkeiten, als selbstbestimmte und eigenständige Individuen in der damaligen bürgerlichen, patriarchalen Gesellschaftsstruktur ihr Leben zu gestalten.
Sanitization of potato varieties from the VIR collection against viruses
Authors: Bespalova E. S. , Agakhanov M. M. , Arkhimandritova S. B. , Erastenkova M. V. , Uhatova Yu. V.
Published: January 2021

Background.VIR’s potato collection is one of the oldest and richest; however, it is constantly exposed to viruses that negatively affect useful agronomic properties of tubers. Close monitoring of the phytosanitary state of potato accessions helps to select the most effective method of therapy for subsequent healing of infected plants and obtaining high-quality planting material.

Materials and methods. The research was aimed at improving the health of 18 varieties ofSolanum tuberosumL. from the VIR collection. Testing for the presence of viruses was based on the ICA and RTPCR techniques, and the consequent healing was performed using the methods of meristem culture and cryotherapy.

Results and conclusions. During the field test of potato plants, PVX, PVS and PVA were found to be the most common viruses. PSTVd was completely absent in all tested accessions. The effectiveness of in vitro healing of potato plants from viruses was assesses using meristem culture. The percentage of healed plants was 0% for PVS, 0% for PVX, 33.4% for PVA, 50% for PLRV, 72.3% for PVY, and 83.4% for PVM. Healing with meristem culture was shown to be the most effective against PVY and PVM. While assessing the effectiveness of post-cryogenic restoration of potato microplants, the level of post-cryogenic regeneration of the shoot tips in potato microplants was determined at 22.3% on average for a sample. The minimum was observed in k-16762 ‘Sagita N’ (5%), and the maximum in k-1378 ‘Marta’ (41.7%). Analysis of the effectiveness of potato recovery from viruses byin vitrocryotherapy showed that the percentage of recovered plants was 100% for PVY, 100% for PVA, 88.9% for PVM, 77.8% for PVS, 44.4% for PVX. Thus, the techniques of apical meristem culture and cryotherapy proved to be effective against PVY, PVA and PVM viruses. However, in the case of multiple infections, it is necessary to combine elements of different healing protocols to increase the effectiveness of the healing procedure.
Wild relatives and interspecific hybrids of potato as source materials in breeding for resistance to golden nematode
Authors: Mironenko N. V. , Rogozina E. V. , Gurina A. A. , Khiutti A. V. , Chalaya N. A. , Afanasenko O. S.
Published: January 2021

Background. Predominant use of the H1 and Gro1-4 genes of resistance to golden nematode (PGN) in potato breeding requires widening the gene pool of resistance to this pathogen.

Materials and methods. Thirty-four genotypes of wild potatoes from North and South Americas, 14 interspecific hybrids, and 10 Russian potato cultivars were studied for PGN resistance. Screening for resistance to PGN pathotype Ro1 and molecular screening for the presence of H1 and Gro1-4 gene markers were performed. Amplification products of the Gro1-4 gene marker were sequenced.

Results. Only seven among the studied 34 potato genotypes (two of S. brachystotrichum (Bitt.) Rydb., four of S. lesteri Hawkes et Hjerting, and one of S. kurtzianum Bitt. et Wittm.) were susceptible to PGN, while the rest demonstrated high or medium resistance. Molecular screening for the presence of H1 and Gro1-4 gene markers allowed us to identify Gro1-4 in 13 South American genotypes of S. alandiae Cárd., S. × doddsii Corr., S. kurtzianum, S. leptophyes Bitt., and S. yungasense Hawkes. The remaining 14 genotypes may supposedly contain resistance genes non-identical to H1 or Gro1-4. Hybrids of S. tuberosum L. with medium-resistant wild accessions of S. kurtzianum, S. leptophyes, S. sparsipilum (Bitt.) Juz. et Buk., S. alandiae, and S. × doddsii inherited PGN resistance determined either by the Gro1-4 gene or genes non-identical to H1 or Gro1-4. Sequencing a fragment of the Gro1-4 gene showed that changes in the structure of this fragment in orthologous genes did not affect the feature of resistance to PGN pathotype Ro1.

Conclusion. For the first time, sources of resistance to PGN were found among the North American species S. brachystotrichum (k-23201) and S. lesteri (k-24475). Among the wild South American Solanum spp., sources of resistance determined by genes different from H1 or Gro1-4 were identified. Resistant interspecific hybrids can serve as donors of the Gro1-4 resistance gene or new resistance genes.
Genetic, biological and economic evaluation of sweet potato accessions in the collection of the Plant Introduction and Acclimatization Department, Udmurt FRC, UB RAS
Authors: Fedorov A. V. , Zorin D. A. , Ardasheva O. A.
Published: January 2021

An important area of crop development is the introduction of new vegetable plants, one of which is the sweet potato Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. The aim of our research was genetic, biological and economic assessment of sweet potato accessions held in the collection of the Plant Introduction and Acclimatization Dept., Udmurt Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the RAS (UdmFRC UB RAS).

Within this experiment, DNA polymorphism of 16 accessions of I. batatas was tested using ISSR markers. All accessions were found to represent different genotypes; the VM 17 accession obtained as a result of a bud mutation differed significantly from the original accession in its genotype.

Evaluation of 16 accessions of sweet potato cultivars was carried out in a small-plot field experiment. The results of biological and economic assessment witnessed to the prospects of sweet potato cultivation within the territory of the Udmurt Republic for marketable tuber production. The productivity of the accessions was 140–2700 g of tubers per plant. According to their productivity, the accessions were divided into clusters: the low-productivity group (up to 500 g), with ‘Betty’, Fioletovy, ‘Beauregard’, ‘Covington’ and Bezhevy; medium-productivity group (500–1000 g), with ‘Jewel’, Fioletovy Sochi, Brazilsky, Afgansky, Vinnitsky rozovy, Lyubitelsky and ‘Bayou Bell’; and high-productivity group (more than 1000 g), with Pobeda 100, ВM 17, Druzhkovsky and Bely NBS. On the basis of the evaluation, 11 sweet potato accessions were recommended for cultivation in the Middle Urals: Afgansky, ‘Bayou Bell’, Bely NBS, ВM 17, Brazilsky, Druzhkovsky, Fioletovy Sochi, ‘Jewel’, Lyubitelsky, Pobeda 100, and Vinnitsky rozovy.
Study of economically valuable traits and technological properties in maize from the Zea mays L. collection of VIR
Authors: Gonikova M. R. , Khoreva V. I. , Goldshtein V. G. , Nosovskaya L. P. , Adikaeva L. V. , Khatefov E. B.
Published: January 2021

Background. Innovative technologies for deep processing of grain are widely used in maize grain processing with the release of the grain germ for subsequent extraction of oil and starch from it or production of sugar substitutes in the form of fructose syrup and alcohol, bakery or feed protein. A search for economically valuable sources of maize starch, useful byproducts of its processing, and natural modification of starch for deep processing is vital.

Materials and methods. Ten high-starch maize accessions from the VIR collection, isolated by IR spectrometry, were studied. Starch content was measured according to GOST 10845-98, GOST 13586.5-93, GOST 10847-74 and GOST ISO 6647-1-2015 standards. Processing of grain into starch and assessment of the content of amylose and byproducts were carried out at the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Starch Products in 2018 according to L. P. Nosovskaya et al. The actual content of starch and its byproducts during deep grain processing was determined. The values of the actual percentage of dry matter (DM, %) in grain, mass fraction of starch, ash content, as well as the yield of extract, pulp, embryo, gluten, process water and starch were determined.

Results. Accessions with a high yield of starch (k-4520, k-9301 and k-24730), germ (k-4520. k-8785 and k-24731), pulp (k-4520, k-8785, k-9991 and k-24732) and protein (k8785) were identified as well as those with a percentage of amylopectin in starch above 82% (k-24730 and k-24733) and 100% (k-5461 and k-9991), and amylose above 30% (k4520 and k-9301).

Conclusion. Of practical interest in terms of the actual yield of starch (% DM in grain) are accessions k-4520, k-9301, k-24730, k-9991, k-5461 and k-4520. According to the results of breeding tests, accessions k-24730, k-24732 and k-24733 had the following values of starch harvest calculated for grain yield: 4.66, 4.41 and 4.18 t/ha, respectively.
Apomictic lines of sugar beet: development and studying
Authors: Sokolova D. V.
Published: January 2021

Background.While working with such cross-pollinated crops as sugar beet, the greatest problem is the fixation of valuable genotypes. Using apomixis to produce breeding material helps to accelerate the breeding process and save the desired combination of genes.

Materials and methods. The research objects were 110 accessions of sugar beet from the VIR collection. Field experiments and assessments of the resistance to Cercospora leaf spot, monogermity, and non-bolting were performed according to VIR’s guidelines in 2016–2018 at Pushkin and Pavlovsk Laboratories of VIR and Maikop Experiment Station of VIR. The sugar level in roots was measured using an optical refractometer.

Results. A comprehensive study of sugar beet accessions resulted in the development of apomictic lines with cytoplasmic male sterility, followed by an evaluation of their economically important characters. An extremely rare occurrence of biotypes with the 0-type sterility (less than 0.5%) was observed in the population. The seeds obtained from apomixis-prone lines demonstrated a significant difference during inbreeding from the seeds of fertile inbred genotypes: no inbreeding depression was observed in apomictic lines. Lines combining sterility and monogermity in their genotype were produced. Testing parent accessions and apomictic forms did not reveal significant differences in the sugar content and root yield, so the resulting forms can be efficiently used in future breeding programs.

Conclusion. Using apomixis to develop sugar beet lines helped to fixate the sugar content level, biennial plant development cycle, and Cercospora leaf spot resistance. Thus, apomixis is promising for ensuring maternal inheritance and preserving the desired combination of genes in sugar beet, thereby accelerating the breeding process.
Voices from the field: The impact of COVID-19 on early career scholars and doctoral students
Authors:   American Educational Research Association, Levine Felice , Nasir Na'ilah Suad , Rios-Aguilar Cecilia , Gildersleeve Ryan , Rosich Katherine , Bang Megan , Bell Nathan , Holsapple Matthew
Published: January 2021

This joint report from the American Educational Research Association (AERA) and the Spencer Foundation explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on early career scholars and doctoral students in education research. The report presents findings and recommendations based on a focus group study held in May and June of 2020. The purpose of the study was to listen to and learn from the experiences of education researchers. The study included separate groups of scholars of color, women of color, and doctoral students of color, given that the COVID-19 crisis was highly racialized and having a disproportionate impact on communities of color. The aim of the report is to provide information that higher education institutions, agencies funding research, professional associations, and other research organizations can use to support the next generation of researchers and help buffer or contain adverse impacts to them. The report offers seven recommendations that could help to foster institutional and organizational responses to COVID-19 that are equitable and enriching. It is part of an ongoing initiative by AERA and Spencer to survey and assess the pressing needs of early career scholars and doctoral students at this pernicious time of a national pandemic.
Collecting and validating data: A simple guide for researchers
Authors: Ziafati Bafarasat Abbas
Published: January 2021

This
paper provides an A-Z guide for sampling and census within an integrated framework
of data collection and validation. It provides worked examples and
inter-disciplinary exemplifications of essential methods, techniques and
formulas for each step of the framework. Real research application tricks are disentangled
for non-statisticians.
METHOD OF PARADIGMATIC ANALYSIS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Authors:   A.P. Ershov Institute of Informatics Systems SB RAS, Gorodnyaya Lidia Vasiljevna
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the article is to describe the method of comparison of programming languages, convenient for assessing the expressive power of languages and the complexity of the programming systems. The method is adapted to substantiate practical, objective criteria of program decomposition, which can be considered as an approach to solving the problem of factorization of very complicated definitions of programming languages and their support systems. In addition, the article presents the results of the analysis of the most well-known programming paradigms and outlines an approach to navigation in the modern expanding space of programming languages, based on the classification of paradigms on the peculiarities of problem statements and semantic characteristics of programming languages and systems with an emphasis on the criteria for the quality of programs and priorities in decision-making in their implementation. The concept of "programming paradigm" is manifested as the way of thinking in the programming process. The author thanks the organizers and participants of the conferences "Scientific Service in the Internet Environment" (http://agora.guru.ru/display.php?conf=abrau2020&page=subjects&PHPSESSID=qbn3kbhgnk8b6a9g21qi1nkkq2 ), discussions with which made it possible to understand the main provisions of this article.
TRANSFORMATION, SPECIFICATION, AND VERIFICATION OF THE PROGRAM CALCULATING THE ELEMENTS NUMBER OF A SET PRESENTED BY A BIT VECTOR
Authors:   A.P. Ershov Institute of Informatics Systems SB RAS, Tumurov Erdem Garmayevich , Shelekhov Vladimir Ivanovich ,   A.P. Ershov Institute of Informatics Systems SB RAS
Published: January 2021

Transformations eliminating pointers in the memweight function in OS Linux kernel library is described. Next, the function is translated to the predicate programming language P. For the obtained predicate program, deductive verification in the Why3 tool was performed. In order to simplify verification, the program model of calculating program inner state was constructed.
VERIFICATION OF A PREDICATE HEAPSORT PROGRAM USING INVERSE TRANSFORMATIONS
Authors:   A.P. Ershov Institute of Informatics Systems SB RAS, Shelekhov Vladimir Ivanovich
Published: January 2021

Deductive verification of the classical J.Williams heapsort algorithm for objects of an arbitrary type was conducted. In order to simplify verification, non-trivial transformations, replacing pointer arithmetic operators by an array element constructs, were applied. The program was translated to the predicate programming language. Deductive verification of the program in the tools Why3 and Coq appears to be complicated and time consuming.
VERIFICATION OF A STRING TO INTEGER CONVERSION PROGRAM
Authors:   A.P. Ershov Institute of Informatics Systems SB RAS, Shelekhov Vladimir Ivanovich
Published: January 2021

Deductive verification of a string to integer conversion program kstrtoul in Linux OS kernel library is described. The kstrtoul program calculates the integer value presented as a char sequence of digits. To simplify program verification the transformations of replacing pointer operators to equivalent actions without pointers are conducted. Model of inner program state are constructed to enhance program specification. Deductive verification was conducted in the tools Why3 and Coq.
Goal-Oriented Error Estimation and Mesh Adaptation for Tracer Transport Modelling
Authors: Wallwork Joseph , Barral Nicolas , Ham David , Piggott Matthew
Published: January 2021

This paper applies metric-based mesh adaptation methods to advection-dominated tracer transport modelling problems in two and three dimensions, using the finite element package Firedrake. In particular, the mesh adaptation methods considered are built upon goal-oriented estimates for the error incurred in evaluating a diagnostic quantity of interest (QoI). In the motivating example of modelling to support desalination plant outfall design, such a QoI could be the salinity at the plant inlet, which could be negatively impacted by the transport of brine from the plant's outfall. Four approaches are considered, one of which yields isotropic meshes. The focus on advection-dominated problems means that flows are often anisotropic; thus, three anisotropic approaches are also considered. Meshes resulting from each of the four approaches yield solutions to the tracer transport problem which give better approximations to QoI values than uniform meshing, for a given mesh size. The methodology is validated using an existing 2D tracer transport test case with a known analytical solution. Goal-oriented meshes for an idealised time-dependent desalination outfall scenario are also presented.
Dynamics of a Pipeline Span on an Elastic Seabed
Authors: Peek Ralf , Witz Matt , Vedeld Knut
Published: January 2021

Natural frequencies, mode shapes and modal damping ratios must be estimated to assess subsea pipeline spans for vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) and response to direct wave loading. Several approximate solutions exist for a linearly elastic pipe under constant axial force supported by linearly elastic springs beyond the span’s shoulders. An exact analytical solution has only recently been published. That solution is used here in a Rayleigh-Ritz approximation to account for arch action arising from combined effects of sag under gravity loads and axial restraint at the shoulders. The method allows survey data to be used directly to quantify arch action. Its accuracy is confirmed by finite element analysis. Further, the modal damping ratio is estimated based on the fractions of the potential energy in bending, the axial force, and the soil springs, all of which are determined analytically. Thus, it is found that the effective modal damping ratio increases without a bound as the axial load approaches the buckling load in compression.
The intertwined cultural evolution of ascetic spiritualities and puritanical religions as technologies of self-discipline
Authors: Fitouchi Léo , André Jean-Baptiste , Baumard Nicolas
Published: January 2021

Why do, across ascetic spiritual traditions (e.g. Ancient Greek spiritualities, Stoicism, Christianity, Buddhism, Jainism, Hinduism, Confucianism), a moralizing side restricting bodily pleasures, and a joyful side celebrating self-control derived well-being develop in concert? Why are these two intertwined cultural traits a recent development in human history, characteristic of economically developed, socially complex societies of the "Axial" transition? Here, we suggest that the cultural affinity between the puritanical and eudaemonic components of "Axial" spiritualities makes sense when one construes them as culturally evolved technologies of self-discipline. By this, we mean a package of psychological theories and techniques that people designed, tweaked and selectively retained because they appeared to them as effective in facilitating the delay of gratification. This increasingly exhibited goal – delaying gratification – had two core facets: facilitating inter-individual cooperation one side, which is a long-term strategy, and favoring individual well-being on the long-run, which required resisting the temptations of immediate pleasures. This dual demand (moral and eudaemonic) for self-control drove the joint cultural evolution of ascetic religions and spiritualities endowed, with various dosages, with both a puritanical, moralizing tenor (controlling sinful desires for selfish, instant gratification) and a joyful, eudaemonic facet (favoring ‘mastery’, spiritual pleasures over short-sighted, quickly evaporating ones). Also, this allows to answer the question of their cultural emergence, as the very propensity to favor long-term goals over immediate gratification varies with people’s material security, which is known to have dramatically increased in the societies where these spiritualities emerged.
Learning About the Self: Motives for coherence and positivity constrain learning from self-relevant feedback
Authors: Elder Jacob , Davis Tyler , Hughes Brent
Published: January 2021

People learn about themselves from social feedback, but desires for coherence and positivity constrain how feedback is incorporated into the self-concept. We develop a network-based model of the self-concept and embed it in a reinforcement learning framework to provide a mechanistic account of how motivations shape self-learning from feedback. Participants (n = 46) received feedback while self-evaluating on traits drawn from a causal network of trait semantics. Network-defined communities were assigned different likelihoods of positive feedback. Participants learned from positive feedback but dismissed negative feedback, as reflected by asymmetries in computational parameters that represent the incorporation of positive versus negative outcomes. Furthermore, participants were constrained in how they incorporated feedback: self-evaluations changed less for traits more important to coherence of the network. We provide a mechanistic explanation of how motives for coherence and positivity jointly constrain learning about the self from feedback that makes testable predictions for future clinical research.
Empathy predicts self-isolation behaviour acceptance during coronavirus risk exposure
Authors: Petrocchi Serena , Bernardi Sheila , Malacrida Roberto , Traber Rafael , Gabutti Luca , Grignoli Nicola
Published: January 2021

Health risk exposure during the global COVID-19 pandemic has required people to adopt self-isolation. Public authorities have therefore had the difficult task of sustaining such protective but stressful behaviour. Evidence shows that besides egoistic drives, the motivation for self-isolation behaviour could be altruistic. However, the type and role of prosocial motivation in the current pandemic is underestimated and its interaction with risk exposure and psychological distress is largely unknown. Here we show that empathic concern for the most vulnerable predicts acceptance of lockdown measures. In two retrospective studies, one with a general population and one with COVID-19 positive patients, we found that 1) along with health risk exposure, empathic concern is a predictor of acceptance of lockdown measures 2) social covariates and psychological distress have no significant impact. Our results support the need to focus on altruistic behaviours while informing the public instead of on fear-inducing messages.
The Separate and Joint Influence of Teammate and Opponent Skill on Player Skill Development
Authors: Liu Yidan
Published: January 2021

Individuals constantly interact with and are affected by environments. In the context of team-based online video games, of particular interest is whether players are affected by their peers - teammates and opponents. In this article, I present a large-scale study on the effect of inter-player skill gap on skill learning. A dataset from an online game, Conquer Club, is used to describe changes in skill of players interacting with teammates and opponents of varying skill levels. Linear and nonlinear regression analyses have been performed to understand the separate and joint influence of teammates and opponents skill. Results confirm the importance of opponents’ skill levels with respect to players’ skill development, and show that competing against higher level opponents is beneficial to skill increments. But this study fails to conclude if players' changes in skill are influenced by teammates' skill and are moderated jointly by teammates and opponents' skill. Additionally, there is a nonlinear relationship between skill improvements and pregame skill. Reasons for these results are discussed at the end.
Self-control: An integrative framework
Authors: Werner Kaitlyn M. , Ford Brett Quaid
Published: January 2021

Research on self-control has flourished within the last two decades, with many researchers trying to answer one of the most fundamental questions regarding human behaviour – how do we successfully regulate desires in the pursuit of long-term goals? While recent research has focused on different strategies to enhance self-control success, we still know very little about how strategies are implemented or where the need for self-control comes from in the first place. Drawing from parallel fields (e.g., emotion regulation, health) and other theories of self-regulation, we propose an integrative framework that describes self-control as a dynamic, multi-stage process that unfolds over time. In this review, we first provide an overview of this framework, which poses three stages of regulation: the identification of the need for self-control, the selection of strategies to regulate temptations, and the implementation of chosen strategies. These regulatory stages are then flexibly monitored over time. We then expand this framework by outlining a series of growth points to guide future research. By bridging across theories and disciplines, the present framework improves our understanding of how self-control unfolds in everyday life.
Physical education as a factor in shaping the health of students of technical specialties
Authors: Ryabchenko V. , Donets I. , Kostyuchenko M. , Cherezov Y.
Published: January 2021

The article describes a modern state and main directions of forming health mode of life of students when physical education. It is stated that the effectiveness of physial education and forming health mode of life of students is conditioned with the help of various factors. Depending on certain conditions the main items are the questions of strengthening material and technical base for sport lessons, increasing a level of financial providing as well as imroving scientific and methodological level of teachers of physical education etcetera.

It is noted that a realization of stated directions is necessary for each discipline namely at physical education. At present the flexible program on physical education for higher educational establishments gives the possibility of realization the ideas but at the same time it has some disadvantages. These disadvantages are seen at a system “purposes – results”.

Physical education and health mode of life are the one of the most important elements of forming active people of a state when their learning.
Physical education of students in higher educational institutions using health paths and tourism
Authors: Soga S. , Mikhailenko V. , Dobrovolsky V.
Published: January 2021

The article reveals the features of the use of terrainkur and tourism in physical education of students. Defined, the concept of "terrenkur", "tourism". Practical recommendations for the use of terrainkur and tourism in physical education are offered. Establishments, decreased physical activity is one of the main reasons for the deterioration of the health status of students. It has been confirmed that the introduction of new means of physical education in the process of physical education of students is one of the promising directions of improving physical education in higher education institutions. Recently, there has been a steady trend of declining health, physical and functional fitness of students. The intensity of the educational process in higher education institutions is increasing, which leads to the fact that students spend more and more time in the library, at the computer, etc., which significantly reduces their physical activity. Decreased physical activity is one of the main reasons for the deterioration of students' health. Academic classes on physical education, held as part of the curriculum, are designed to increase functionality, improve physical fitness, increase the body's adaptive reserve. The introduction of new means of physical culture in the process of physical education of students is one of the promising areas for improving physical education in higher education, which is confirmed in a significant number of publications in recent years.
LINEAR CONJUGATION PROBLEM WITH MULTIPOINT NONLOCAL CONDITION FOR A PARABOLIC-HYPERBOLIC EQUATION IN CYLINDRICAL DOMAIN
Authors: Savka I. Ya. , Shevchyk R. V. , Tymkiv I. R.
Published: January 2021

The linear conjugation problem with multipoint nonlocal condition in the time variable for a mixed parabolic-hyperbolic equation of the second order in a cylindrical domain, which is Cartesian product of the time segment and the spatial multidimensional torus, is investigated. The conditions of the existence and uniqueness of а solution to the problem in the scale of Sobolev spaces are obtained. It has been proved that these conditions fulfill for almost all (with respect to the Lebesgue measure) values of the left node of the multipoint condition.
Development of senior school students’ independent work skills through the use of virtual learning environment
Authors:   Karagandy university of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Kazakhstan, Kopzhassarova U , Sultanova Z ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Kazakhstan, Akhmetova D ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Kazakhstan, Akhmetzhanova A ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Kazakhstan, DeVereaux C ,   University of Connecticut, USA
Published: January 2021

The article is focused on the concept of «virtual learning environment» and its role in the students’ independ-ent work. The virtual learning environment as a means of effective communication of participants in the edu-cational process helps to transit from the «knowledge-based» paradigm to the «personality-oriented» educa-tion, aimed to develop students’ creative potential, their cognitive activity, motivation and engagement at the language classes. The authors highlight that in addition to traditional didactic requirements, there are a num-ber of specific conditions for the successful functioning in the virtual learning environment. Based on the ex-perience of implementing virtual educational environments, a need for the adaptability of educational process, which implies the possibility for students to choose the most appropriate individual pace for studying materi-al. It is shown that specific content of the virtual learning environment may vary depending on the level of training students and their individual interests. The main requirement for the successful use of the virtual en-vironment is to develop creative cognitive abilities, foreign languages skills of students by the application of a virtual environment., so the authors come to the conclusion that the presence of informational technology in the learning process changes the internal specifics of the educational and cognitive activities of students, their thinking style, and psychological mechanisms of mental development. Thus, the independent work of stu-dents is multi-purpose and is aimed to achieve communicative and educational goals.
Features of adaptation of first-year students to the conditions of study at the university
Authors:   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Kazakhstan, Shkutina L , Polupan K ,   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia, Smagulova T ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Kazakhstan
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of adaptation of first-year students to the conditions of development of educational programs at the University. The article deals with the problems of students' adaptation to higher education. It describes the difficulties that students have during their studies. The authors consider the im-portance of developing the level of adaptation from school, thereby preparing future students for the new sys-tem in advance. A research was conducted to determine the level of adaptation of students of the pedagogical faculty of the specialty «Preschool education and upbringing» E.A. Buketov of Karaganda University. The results of the study showed that the problem of adaptation of first-year students is one of the most im-portant problems and is still a traditional subject of discussion, and as such, adaptation is the foundation of training in junior courses. Students enter the student team, develop skills and abilities of rational organization of mental activity, realize the vocation to the chosen profession develops an optimal mode of work, also adapts to the teaching staff. Based on the results of the study, conclusions were drawn and recommendations were developed to speed up the process students’ adaptation to the system of education in higher education
Modeling of magnetic fields and signals of a ferromagnetic pipe flaw detector induced by a through hole defect
Authors: Goldshtein A.E. , Belyankov V.Yu.
Published: January 2021

A numerical model has been developed for interaction of the magnetizing field of a short solenoid with a ferromagnetic pipe exhibiting a through hole in the wall, which takes into account nonlinear magnetic properties of the test object. This model was used to calculate spatial distribution of magnetic induction in the pipe wall and spatial distribution of the components of the magnetic induction vector near the pipe surface with a through hole. The validity of the numerical model was confirmed by physical modeling results. The results of theoretical and experimental studies were used to develop a simplified analytical model that describes behavior of the magnetic field of the defect and the electrical signal of the induction transducer of a magnetic flaw detector that implements the method of magnetic flux leakage. It is shown that the dependence of the signal of the induction transducer induced by the through hole on the gap is close to a linear one, and its dependence on the hole diameter is close to a quadratic one. The results obtained in the study can be used for creation, numerical modeling and measurement of magnetic fields.
Investigation of the effect of electro-hydraulic pulses on the combustion process of phosphorus sludge
Authors: Khassenov A.K. , Nussupbekov U.B. , Karabekova D.Zh. , Kassymov S.S. , Bolatbekova M.M. , Stoev M.
Published: January 2021

The article considers the influence of electro-hydraulic pulses on the combustion of phosphorus sludge. Electric discharges in the environment of phosphorus sludge are sources of shock waves, which destroying the structure of phosphorus sludge and contribute to the intensification of the combustion process. A distinctive feature of the electro-hydraulic effect is the ability to control the parameters of pressure waves over a fairly wide range using the characteristics of the electric discharge circuit. For determine the optimal productivity and purity of the final product of the electric discharge unit’s operation mode, experiments were conducted on the effect of the discharge energy on the efficiency of the electric discharge method for extracting phosphorus from phosphorus sludge. The efficiency of the electric discharge process was estimated by the amount of phosphorus that was released after settling and expressed as a percentage of the total amount of phosphorus in a phosphorus sludge’s portion. The experiments were conducted out for sludges of different structures, with different phosphorus content and were conditionally divided into three groups: “rich” with phosphorus content — 70 %, “medium” — 50 % and “poor” — phosphorus content — 30 %.
Model of forming a spatial-temporary radio frequency portrait of subscriber terminals in satellite communication systems monitoring
Authors: Baldychev M. , Bosyy A. , Galtseva O. , Jiang X.
Published: January 2021

Currently, the development of satellite communications systems (SCS) is associated with the development of signals of complex structure. The popularization and distribution of software-defined radio systems (Software-defined radio, SDR) are noted, which leads to a decrease of quality of functioning of the SCS. Promising areas of countering the unauthorized use of the time-frequency resource of the KA repeater are methods aimed at determining the location of subscriber terminals (ST) and analyzing the service and semantic parts of the transmitted message. Accounting for changes of physical parameters requires the use of a large amount of heterogeneous a priori data; it is not achievable task in practice. According to the theory of mathematical statistics, the approximation is used at solving problems of sample analysis. The result of the approximation is a spatio-temporal radio-frequency portrait (STRFP) of an ST participating in the formation of a group signal. Thus, the aim of the research is to develop a model of changing the physical parameters of a radio signal and to study the possibility of approximating physical parameters in order to form a spatio-temporal radiofrequency portrait of an ST SCS.
Formation of ICT competencies for future physics teachers
Authors: Shuyushbayeva N.N. , Damekova S.K. , Tanasheva N.K. , Altayeva G.S.
Published: January 2021

The article discusses effective ways to use IT-services in teaching future physics teachers. This reflects the mutual understanding between the teacher and the student based on the use of modern information technologies in the development of the modern educational process. Some IT-services in teaching meet modern requirements. But this does not mean the chaotic use of any platform, programs, and software applications, that is, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the subject, the pedagogical and psychological state of students. Based on this, the article describes what digital competencies should be used in the training of future physics teachers. Video lectures and audio lectures, infographics, visual lectures made in Mindmap, and Vyond on the discipline “Methodological basis of solving physical tasks” have a great influence on the comprehensive search of students. The article analyzes the necessity and relevance of using information technologies in the educational process but also discusses ways to implement them practically. This creates skills for students to use digital competencies to expand their knowledge. There are also ways to conduct questionnaires, tests, and reflections in various formats that allow students to test their knowledge. The types of tasks created in the effective applications used in the teaching of physics are given.