bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wie schreibt man Digital Humanities richtig?
Authors: Stäcker Thomas
Published: January 2013

Die Digital Humanities sind in aller Munde. Die Beschäftigung mit den digitalen Geisteswissenschaften eröffnet aber nicht nur neue Forschungsgebiete, sondern bringt auch eine neue Art zu schreiben mit sich, weil wissenschaftliche Publikationen selbst Gegenstände der digital humanities sind. Elektronische Publikationen, die im Internet erscheinen, müssen, anders als ihre gedruckten Vorgänger dem Umstand Rechnung tragen, dass man sie nicht nur lesen, sondern maschinell bearbeiten kann. Das hat beträchtliche Auswirkungen auf die Texte, mit denen sich auf diese Weise neue Funktionen verbinden, aber auch auf das akademische Publikationswesen, das sich auf gewandelte Produktions- und Distributionsbedingungen einstellen muss. Der erste Teil des Beitrages widmet sich dieser neuen Art zu schreiben, indem er die technischen und formalen Voraussetzungen für elektronische Publikationen analysiert. Der zweite Teil versucht unter der Überschrift „Open Access – Open Source“ die Anforderungen und Auswirkungen elektronischen Publizierens auf das akademische Publizieren im Ganzen auszuloten.
Bündnisse für Bildung: Große
Verantwortung und Herausforderung
Authors: Zimmermann Olaf
Published: January 2013

Unter der gemeinsamen Überschrift „Kultur macht stark“ wurden 35 „Gewinner“, darunter auch der Deutsche Bibliotheksverband e. V. (dbv), gekürt, die in den nächsten fünf Jahren lokale Bündnisse für Bildung verwirklichen werden. Ziel des vom Bundesbildungsministerium ins Leben gerufenen Förderprogramms ist es unter anderem, den in Deutschland ausgeprägten Zusammenhang zwischen Herkunft und Bildungserfolg abzuschwächen. Es gilt, die Stärken der verschiedenen Partner zu erkennen und zu nutzen und so die kulturelle Bildung immer weiter zu entwickeln und zu begleiten. Dazu gehört auch ein Blick auf gescheiterte Vorhaben.
Unwanted sexual experiences among adolescents: shedding light on the gray zone between consensual and non-consensual sex
Authors: Akre Christina , Chabloz Jeanne-Marie , Belanger Richard E. , Michaud Pierre-André , Suris Joan-Carles
Published: January 2013

This study aimed at exploring adolescents’ perceptions of unwanted sexual experiences (USE) in order to set up definitions, categories, and boundaries on the continuum between consensual and non-consensual sex.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative thematic analysis of four focus group discussions gathering a total of 29 male and female adolescents aged 16–20 years.

Results: Analysis of participants’ discourse revealed three main characteristics that define USE, namely, regret, as most situations discussed were said to be acceptable or not in terms of whether there were regrets after the fact; misperception of sexual intent; and lack of communication between partners.

Conclusions: Our findings revealed that health professionals should be aware of the subtle aspects identifying USE when screening for situations that can have adverse psychological consequences. Where prevention is concerned, it appears important to address these aspects of USE in sex education classes.
Detached, distraught or discerning? Fathers of adolescents with chronic illness: a review of the literature
Authors: Goldstein Henry , Akré Christina , Bélanger Richard E. , Suris Joan-Carles
Published: January 2013

Parenting a child with chronic disease provides a unique set of challenges for both mothers and fathers throughout all phases of the illness. However, fathers of these children are under-represented in existing research. This review focuses on the fathers of children with chronic disease included in 44 original articles. We address the challenges to the father’s role as breadwinner, leader and strength-giver in the family. Three time-periods describe the obstacles fathers tackle when parenting children with chronic disease: a) diagnosis and short-term, characterized by distress, isolation and uncertainty; b) the mastery period, characterized by the struggle to establish routine and by support and spirituality; and c) the long-term, characterized by relationship and personality change, worries and bereavement. Overall, whilst current research has revealed some key themes pertaining to fathers of children with chronic disease, further studies are required to foster the development of support mechanisms for the specific needs of these fathers.
Smaller pelvic size in pregnant adolescents contributes to lower birth weight
Authors: Alves João G. , Siqueira Lídia C. , Melo Luiza M. , Figueiroa José N.
Published: January 2013

Adolescent pregnancy is associated with low birth weight. This has been explained by socioeconomic or emotional factors. However, an adolescent’s pelvis may not be completely developed and this can contribute to impairing fetal growth. Our aim was to compare the relationship between pelvic size and birth weight among adolescents and adult mothers. A cross-sectional study was carried out at Instituto de Medicina Infantil Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Brazil. We studied 125 healthy adolescents and 207 healthy adult women, all of whom were primiparous with a singleton term and low-risk pregnancy. The conjugate, intercristal and interspinous diameters were assessed by the Collins pelvimeter. The effect of pelvic size on the birth weight was evaluated using principal component analysis and multiple linear regression model. The mean pelvic size was smaller in adolescent mothers compared to adult ones (35.1 cm vs. 37.5 cm; p<0.001; t-test). After adjusting for other confounding variables, the predicted birth weights corresponding to these mean values of pelvic size were: 3020±27 g for adolescent mothers and 3145±26 g for adult mothers and showed a significant difference (p<0.001). We concluded that a pelvis that is less than fully developed in adolescents, as assessed by pelvic size, may contribute to lower birth weight in adolescent mothers.
Structure-property relationship of biodegradable poly(butylene succinate)/polycaprolactone coated inorganic particle composites
Authors: Liu Yiming , Liu Qing , Meng Bing , Wu Zhihua
Published: January 2013

Polycaprolactone (PCL)-coated micro kaolin and nano-titania were prepared by high-speed hybrid mechanical coating. Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)-coated inorganic particle composites were prepared by the melt-blending process. The influence of coated kaolin microparticles on the dynamic rheological behavior, non-isothermal crystallization behavior, micromorphology, and mechanical behavior were investigated. The effect of coated nano-titania on the mechanical properties of PBS-coated kaolin composites was also studied. A dynamic rheological property indicates that the complex viscosity of PBS-coated kaolin microcomposites is higher than neat PBS. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) implies that the micrometric size of kaolin particles restrains the crystallization of PBS. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) reveals a well dispersed state of coated kaolin in the polymer matrix. The impact strength of PBS-coated kaolin microcomposites is improved, while the tensile strength and elongation at break is decreased, but still appreciable. The introduction of coated nano-titania improves the impact strength dramatically, and the elongation at break of composites is considerable.
Peripheral markers of thyroid function: the effect of T4 monotherapy vs T4/T3 combination therapy in hypothyroid subjects in a randomized crossover study
Authors: Schmidt Ulla , Nygaard Birte , Jensen Ebbe Winther , Kvetny Jan , Jarløv Anne , Faber Jens
Published: January 2013

Background

A recent randomized controlled trial suggests that hypothyroid subjects may find levothyroxine (l-T4) and levotriiodothyronine combination therapy to be superior to l-T4 monotherapy in terms of quality of life, suggesting that the brain registered increased T3 availability during the combination therapy.

Hypothesis

Peripheral tissue might also be stimulated during T4/T3 combination therapy compared with T4 monotherapy.

Methods

Serum levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), pro-collagen-1-N-terminal peptide (PINP), and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (representing hepatocyte, osteoblast, and cardiomyocyte stimulation respectively) were measured in 26 hypothyroid subjects in a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial, which compared the replacement therapy with T4/T3 in combination (50 μg T4 was substituted with 20 μg T3) to T4 alone (once daily regimens). This was performed to obtain unaltered serum TSH levels during the trial and between the two treatment groups. Blood sampling was performed 24 h after the last intake of thyroid hormone medication.

Results

TSH remained unaltered between the groups ((median) 0.83 vs 1.18 mU/l in T4/T3 combination and T4 monotherapy respectively; P=0.534). SHBG increased from (median) 75 nmol/l at baseline to 83 nmol/l in the T4/T3 group (P=0.015) but remained unaltered in the T4 group (67 nmol/l); thus, it was higher in the T4/T3 vs T4 group (P=0.041). PINP levels were higher in the T4/T3 therapy (48 vs 40 μg/l (P<0.001)). NT-proBNP did not differ between the groups.

Conclusions

T4/T3 combination therapy in hypothyroidism seems to have more metabolic effects than the T4 monotherapy.
Transfer of [3H]estradiol-17β and [3H]progesterone from conspecifics to cohabiting female mice
Authors: Guzzo Adam C , Pollock Tyler , deCatanzaro Denys
Published: January 2013

Estradiol-17β (E2) and progesterone (P4) play critical roles in female reproductive physiology and behavior. Given the sensitivity of females to exogenous sources of these steroids, we examined the presence of E2and P4in conspecifics' excretions and the transfer of excreted steroids between conspecifics. We paired individual adult female mice with a stimulus male or female conspecific given daily injections of [3H]E2or [3H]P4. Following 48 h of direct interaction with the stimulus animal, we measured radioactivity in the uterus, ovaries, muscle, olfactory bulbs, mesencephalon and diencephalon (MC+DC), and cerebral cortex of the untreated female cohabitant. Radioactivity was significantly present in all tissues of female subjects after individual exposure to a stimulus male or female given [3H]E2. In females exposed to males given [3H]P4, radioactivity was significantly present in the uterus, ovaries, and muscle, but not in other tissues. In females exposed to stimulus females given [3H]P4, radioactivity was significantly present in all tissues except the MC+DC. In mice directly administered [3H]steroids, greater radioactivity was found in the urine of females than of males. Among females directly administered [3H]steroids, greater radioactivity was found in urine of those given [3H]P4than of those given [3H]E2. When females were administered unlabeled E2before exposure to [3H]E2-treated females, less radioactivity was detected in most tissues than was detected in the tissues of untreated females exposed to [3H]E2-treated females. We suggest that steroid transfer among individuals has implications for the understanding of various forms of pheromonal activity.
Glucagon-like peptide-2 and mouse intestinal adaptation to a high-fat diet
Authors: Baldassano Sara , Amato Antonella , Cappello Francesco , Rappa Francesca , Mulè Flavia
Published: January 2013

Endogenous glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP2) is a key mediator of refeeding-induced and resection-induced intestinal adaptive growth. This study investigated the potential role of GLP2 in mediating the mucosal responses to a chronic high-fat diet (HFD). In this view, the murine small intestine adaptive response to a HFD was analyzed and a possible involvement of endogenous GLP2 was verified using GLP2 (3–33) as GLP2 receptor (GLP2R) antagonist. In comparison with animals fed a standard diet, mice fed a HFD for 14 weeks exhibited an increase in crypt–villus mean height (duodenum, 27.5±3.0%; jejunum, 36.5±2.9%;P<0.01), in the cell number per villus (duodenum, 28.4±2.2%; jejunum, 32.0±2.9%;P<0.01), and in Ki67-positive cell number per crypt. No change in the percent of caspase-3-positive cell in the villus–crypt was observed. The chronic exposure to a HFD also caused a significant increase in GLP2 plasma levels and in GLP2R intestinal expression. Daily administration of GLP2 (3–33) (30–60 ng) for 4 weeks did not modify the crypt–villus height in control mice. In HFD-fed mice, chronic treatment with GLP2 (3–33) reduced the increase in crypt–villus height and in the cell number per villus through reduction of cell proliferation and increase in apoptosis. This study provides the first experimental evidence for a role of endogenous GLP2 in the intestinal adaptation to HFD in obese mice and for a dysregulation of the GLP2/GLP2R system after a prolonged HFD.
Gene Copy-Number Variation in Haploid and Diploid Strains of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Zhang Hengshan , Zeidler Ane F B , Song Wei , Puccia Christopher M , Malc Ewa , Greenwell Patricia W , Mieczkowski Piotr A , Petes Thomas D , Argueso Juan Lucas
Published: January 2013

The increasing ability to sequence and compare multiple individual genomes within a species has highlighted the fact that copy-number variation (CNV) is a substantial and underappreciated source of genetic diversity. Chromosome-scale mutations occur at rates orders of magnitude higher than base substitutions, yet our understanding of the mechanisms leading to CNVs has been lagging. We examined CNV in a region of chromosome 5 (chr5) in haploid and diploid strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We optimized a CNV detection assay based on a reporter cassette containing the SFA1 and CUP1 genes that confer gene dosage-dependent tolerance to formaldehyde and copper, respectively. This optimized reporter allowed the selection of low-order gene amplification events, going from one copy to two copies in haploids and from two to three copies in diploids. In haploid strains, most events involved tandem segmental duplications mediated by nonallelic homologous recombination between flanking direct repeats, primarily Ty1 elements. In diploids, most events involved the formation of a recurrent nonreciprocal translocation between a chr5 Ty1 element and another Ty1 repeat on chr13. In addition to amplification events, a subset of clones displaying elevated resistance to formaldehyde had point mutations within the SFA1 coding sequence. These mutations were all dominant and are proposed to result in hyperactive forms of the formaldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme.
Emergence of DNA Polymerase ε Antimutators That Escape Error-Induced Extinction in Yeast
Authors: Williams Lindsey N , Herr Alan J , Preston Bradley D
Published: January 2013

DNA polymerases (Pols) ε and δ perform the bulk of yeast leading- and lagging-strand DNA synthesis. Both Pols possess intrinsic proofreading exonucleases that edit errors during polymerization. Rare errors that elude proofreading are extended into duplex DNA and excised by the mismatch repair (MMR) system. Strains that lack Pol proofreading or MMR exhibit a 10- to 100-fold increase in spontaneous mutation rate (mutator phenotype), and inactivation of both Pol δ proofreading (pol3-01) and MMR is lethal due to replication error-induced extinction (EEX). It is unclear whether a similar synthetic lethal relationship exists between defects in Pol ε proofreading (pol2-4) and MMR. Using a plasmid-shuffling strategy in haploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we observed synthetic lethality of pol2-4 with alleles that completely abrogate MMR (msh2Δ, mlh1Δ, msh3Δ msh6Δ, or pms1Δ mlh3Δ) but not with partial MMR loss (msh3Δ, msh6Δ, pms1Δ, or mlh3Δ), indicating that high levels of unrepaired Pol ε errors drive extinction. However, variants that escape this error-induced extinction (eex mutants) frequently emerged. Five percent of pol2-4 msh2Δ eex mutants encoded second-site changes in Pol ε that reduced the pol2-4 mutator phenotype between 3- and 23-fold. The remaining eex alleles were extragenic to pol2-4. The locations of antimutator amino-acid changes in Pol ε and their effects on mutation spectra suggest multiple mechanisms of mutator suppression. Our data indicate that unrepaired leading- and lagging-strand polymerase errors drive extinction within a few cell divisions and suggest that there are polymerase-specific pathways of mutator suppression. The prevalence of suppressors extragenic to the Pol ε gene suggests that factors in addition to proofreading and MMR influence leading-strand DNA replication fidelity.
Detecting Signatures of Selection Through Haplotype Differentiation Among Hierarchically Structured Populations
Authors: Fariello María Inés , Boitard Simon , Naya Hugo , SanCristobal Magali , Servin Bertrand
Published: January 2013

The detection of molecular signatures of selection is one of the major concerns of modern population genetics. A widely used strategy in this context is to compare samples from several populations and to look for genomic regions with outstanding genetic differentiation between these populations. Genetic differentiation is generally based on allele frequency differences between populations, which are measured by FST or related statistics. Here we introduce a new statistic, denoted hapFLK, which focuses instead on the differences of haplotype frequencies between populations. In contrast to most existing statistics, hapFLK accounts for the hierarchical structure of the sampled populations. Using computer simulations, we show that each of these two features—the use of haplotype information and of the hierarchical structure of populations—significantly improves the detection power of selected loci and that combining them in the hapFLK statistic provides even greater power. We also show that hapFLK is robust with respect to bottlenecks and migration and improves over existing approaches in many situations. Finally, we apply hapFLK to a set of six sheep breeds from Northern Europe and identify seven regions under selection, which include already reported regions but also several new ones. We propose a method to help identifying the population(s) under selection in a detected region, which reveals that in many of these regions selection most likely occurred in more than one population. Furthermore, several of the detected regions correspond to incomplete sweeps, where the favorable haplotype is only at intermediate frequency in the population(s) under selection.
The Mechanism of Nucleotide Excision Repair-Mediated UV-Induced Mutagenesis in Nonproliferating Cells
Authors: Kozmin Stanislav G , Jinks-Robertson Sue
Published: January 2013

Following the irradiation of nondividing yeast cells with ultraviolet (UV) light, most induced mutations are inherited by both daughter cells, indicating that complementary changes are introduced into both strands of duplex DNA prior to replication. Early analyses demonstrated that such two-strand mutations depend on functional nucleotide excision repair (NER), but the molecular mechanism of this unique type of mutagenesis has not been further explored. In the experiments reported here, an ade2 adeX colony-color system was used to examine the genetic control of UV-induced mutagenesis in nondividing cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We confirmed a strong suppression of two-strand mutagenesis in NER-deficient backgrounds and demonstrated that neither mismatch repair nor interstrand crosslink repair affects the production of these mutations. By contrast, proteins involved in the error-prone bypass of DNA damage (Rev3, Rev1, PCNA, Rad18, Pol32, and Rad5) and in the early steps of the DNA-damage checkpoint response (Rad17, Mec3, Ddc1, Mec1, and Rad9) were required for the production of two-strand mutations. There was no involvement, however, for the Pol η translesion synthesis DNA polymerase, the Mms2-Ubc13 postreplication repair complex, downstream DNA-damage checkpoint factors (Rad53, Chk1, and Dun1), or the Exo1 exonuclease. Our data support models in which UV-induced mutagenesis in nondividing cells occurs during the Pol ζ-dependent filling of lesion-containing, NER-generated gaps. The requirement for specific DNA-damage checkpoint proteins suggests roles in recruiting and/or activating factors required to fill such gaps.
Meiotic Sex Chromosome Inactivation Is Disrupted in Sterile Hybrid Male House Mice
Authors: Campbell Polly , Good Jeffrey M , Nachman Michael W
Published: January 2013

In male mammals, the X and Y chromosomes are transcriptionally silenced in primary spermatocytes by meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI) and remain repressed for the duration of spermatogenesis. Here, we test the longstanding hypothesis that disrupted MSCI might contribute to the preferential sterility of heterogametic hybrid males. We studied a cross between wild-derived inbred strains of Mus musculus musculus and M. m. domesticus in which sterility is asymmetric: F1 males with a M. m. musculus mother are sterile or nearly so while F1 males with a M. m. domesticus mother are normal. In previous work, we discovered widespread overexpression of X-linked genes in the testes of sterile but not fertile F1 males. Here, we ask whether this overexpression is specifically a result of disrupted MSCI. To do this, we isolated cells from different stages of spermatogenesis and measured the expression of several genes using quantitative PCR. We found that X overexpression in sterile F1 primary spermatocytes is coincident with the onset of MSCI and persists in postmeiotic spermatids. Using a series of recombinant X genotypes, we then asked whether X overexpression in hybrids is controlled by cis-acting loci across the X chromosome. We found that it is not. Instead, one large interval in the proximal portion of the M. m. musculus X chromosome is associated with both overexpression and the severity of sterility phenotypes in hybrids. These results demonstrate a strong association between X-linked hybrid male sterility and disruption of MSCI and suggest that trans-acting loci on the X are important for the transcriptional regulation of the X chromosome during spermatogenesis.
Systems Genetics Implicates Cytoskeletal Genes in Oocyte Control of Cloned Embryo Quality
Authors: Cheng Yong , Gaughan John , Midic Uros , Han Zhiming , Liang Cheng-Guang , Patel Bela G , Latham Keith E
Published: January 2013

Cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer is an important technology, but remains limited due to poor rates of success. Identifying genes supporting clone development would enhance our understanding of basic embryology, improve applications of the technology, support greater understanding of establishing pluripotent stem cells, and provide new insight into clinically important determinants of oocyte quality. For the first time, a systems genetics approach was taken to discover genes contributing to the ability of an oocyte to support early cloned embryo development. This identified a primary locus on mouse chromosome 17 and potential loci on chromosomes 1 and 4. A combination of oocyte transcriptome profiling data, expression correlation analysis, and functional and network analyses yielded a short list of likely candidate genes in two categories. The major category—including two genes with the strongest genetic associations with the traits (Epb4.1l3 and Dlgap1)—encodes proteins associated with the subcortical cytoskeleton and other cytoskeletal elements such as the spindle. The second category encodes chromatin and transcription regulators (Runx1t1, Smchd1, and Chd7). Smchd1 promotes X chromosome inactivation, whereas Chd7 regulates expression of pluripotency genes. Runx1t1 has not been associated with these processes, but acts as a transcriptional repressor. The finding that cytoskeleton-associated proteins may be key determinants of early clone development highlights potential roles for cytoplasmic components of the oocyte in supporting nuclear reprogramming. The transcriptional regulators identified may contribute to the overall process as downstream effectors.
Characterizing individual Au25(SG)18 clusters within a nanopore detector
Authors: Angevine Christopher E. , Kothalawala Nuwan , Dass Amala , Reiner Joseph E.
Published: January 2013

Metallic quantum clusters are stable structures that can exhibit many useful properties. Clusters can be ligand stabilized in aqueous environments to expand their usefulness as biosensors. There are some limitations in characterizing the physical and chemical properties of individual water soluble clusters. This report describes initial results of a new approach for detecting and characterizing individual gold nanoclusters (Au25(SG)18) in an aqueous solution with nanopore-based resistive pulse sensing. Here the nanopore is a single alpha hemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus. Clusters that enter through the cis side of the pore (large vestibule) usually create shallow current blockades with a mean residence time of several milliseconds. Clusters that enter through the trans side of the pore (narrow lumen) create deeper blockades that are either very short (∼200 μs), long lived (∼50 ms) or trapped (>10s). The short and long lived blockades yield sufficient statistics to help characterize the clusters and the trapped state events may allow for additional analysis and controlled delivery of individual clusters. We demonstrate the possibility of this additional analysis by performing I-V measurements on individually trapped clusters. These show an optimal voltage for confining a cluster within the pore.
Influence of Addition of Alumina Nanoparticles on Thermoelectric Properties of Higher Manganese Silicide
Authors: Itoh Takashi , Ono Naoki
Published: January 2013

Higher manganese silicide (HMS) is a low-cost and eco-friendly thermoelectric material available for recovering waste heat of 500 to 900 K. In this research, we tried to uniformly disperse the alumina nanoparticles (ANPs) in the HMS matrix to reduce the thermal conductivity and to improve the thermoelectric performance. Influence of addition of ANPs on the thermoelectric properties was investigated. It was confirmed that ANPs were uniformly dispersed in the HMS grain boundary. The lattice thermal conductivity was reduced by adding ANPs. As a result, the maximum thermoelectric performance of ZT=0.58 was achieved at about 800 K by adding 1 vol% of ANPs. The performance of ANPs-added HMS was improved about 25 %.
Microstructural and Optical Properties of Nitrogen Doped ZnO Nanowires
Authors: Souissi Ahmed , Hanèche Nadia , Sartel Corinne , Meftah Abdel , Lusson Alain , Oueslati Meherzi , Bluet Jean-Marie , Masenelli Bruno , Sallet Vincent , Galtier Pierre
Published: January 2013

Nanowires with different nitrogen concentrations were grown by Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) using DEZn, N2O and NH3as zinc, oxygen and nitrogen doping sources respectively. Low temperature photoluminescence, Raman spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy are combined to study the incorporation of nitrogen in the wires. The observation of donor-acceptor pair band confirms that the incorporation nitrogen in ZnO nanowires is responsible for the creation of acceptor centers. The additional peaks observed in Raman are correlated to nano-sized inter-atomic distance fluctuations observed in TEM. These domains combined with a resonance effect are probably the explanation of the huge Raman cross section observed for the impurity related peaks.
Deposition of tin oxides by Ion-Beam-Sputtering
Authors: Becker Martin , Polity Angelika , Feili Davar , Meyer Bruno K.
Published: January 2013

Synthesis of both p-type and n-type oxide semiconductors is required to develop oxide-based electronic devices. Tin monoxide (SnO) recently has received increasing attention as an alternative p-type oxide semiconductor because it is a simple binary compound consisting of abundant elements. Another phase of the tin oxygen system, SnO2, is of great technological interest as transparent electrodes and as heat-reflecting filters. The preparation of tin oxide thin films has been performed by many different procedures. Radio-frequency (RF) ion-thrusters, as designed for propulsion applications, are also qualified for thin film deposition and surface etching, because different gas mixtures, extraction voltages and RF power can be applied. Tin oxide thin films were grown by ion beam sputtering (IBS) using a 3” metallic tin target. Different aspects of the thin film growth and properties of the tin oxide phases were investigated in relation to flux of oxygen fed into the gas discharge in the ion thruster. Results on thin film growth by IBS will be presented, structural, vibrational and optical properties of the films will be discussed.
Metal Oxide Nanowire Growth via Intermediate Hydroxide Formation:A Thermochemical Assessment
Authors: Shalav Avi , Elliman Robert G.
Published: January 2013

In this study we apply reaction thermodynamics to show that a significant volatile hydroxide vapor partial pressure forms at a metal-oxide interface and is a likely precursor source for nanowire growth. The growth of WO3 and CuO nanowires are used as examples for reactions dependent on only H2O and O2+H2O, respectively. Optimal temperatures, H2O (and O2) partial pressures for volatile hydroxide formation are calculated and experimentally investigated. We conclude that metal oxide nanowires can be readily grown at relatively low temperatures (close to or less than 500oC) over short anneal times (tens of minutes). The growth of these metal oxide nanowires, with many oxidation states, by this simple thermal technique is readily suited for a range of emergent large surface area nanostructured optical and electrical applications, including sensing, photocatalysis and ultracapacitors.
Fabrication, Properties and Electrochemical Applications of Diamond Nanostructures
Authors: Yang Nianjun , Smirnov Waldemar , Nebel Christoph E.
Published: January 2013

We summarized in this paper the fabrication, properties, and electrochemical applications of diamond nanostructures, mainly diamond nanotextures and diamond nanowires. The characterizations of nanostructures were introduced with different techniques. As example of applications, electrochemical DNA sensing and protein trapping on diamond nanotextures are shown.
Ultra thin transition metal oxide coatings on diamond for thermionic applications
Authors: Tiwari Amit K. , Goss Jonathan P. , Briddon Patrick R. , Wright Nick G. , Horsfall Alton B. , Rayson Mark J.
Published: January 2013

We have investigated, using density functional simulations, the energetics and the electronic properties of oxides of selected transition metals, TMs, adsorbed onto a dia-mond (001) surface. We find that stoichiometric oxides of TMs, particularly Ti and Zn,influence the electron affinity of diamond strongly. The electron affinities of stoichiomet-ric oxides of Ti and Zn are calculated to be around −3 eV, significantly higher than 1.9 eV of commonly used H–termination. The reactions of TMs with an oxygenated diamond are found to be highly exothermic. Based upon the energetics and the electronic properties, we propose that in the regime of ultra thin films, oxides of TMs are promising options for surface coating of diamond–based electron emitters, as these coatings are compatible with semiconductor device fabrication processes, while having the benefit of inducing a large negative electron affinity.
Representações e estratégias identitárias na experiência do artista
Authors: Bendassolli Pedro F. , Borges-Andrade Jairo Eduardo
Published: January 2013

O objetivo deste artigo é compreender os processos de construção das representações e estratégias identitárias utilizadas por artistas em três setores da cultura no Estado de São Paulo. Foram combinadas duas estratégias de coleta de dados: um survey e entrevistas em profundidade. Ao todo, 92 artistas aceitaram participar desta pesquisa. Os dados foram analisados com base em níveis de categorização e com o suporte de software específico. Os resultados mostram que o núcleo da representação identitária artística é formado pela auto-percepção do ar-tista como profissional vocacionado, dedicado à construção de uma obra capaz de mobilizar o outro e contribuir para um gênero estético. Já as estratégias identitárias mais comuns utilizadas são a exposição pública, o engajamento e desengajamento contínuo de projetos de duração limitada, o investimento no próprio desenvolvimento pessoal e estratégias de relacionamento com o público.
Determinação do limiar anaeróbio pela variabilidade da frequência cardíaca de pacientes com DPOC durante exercício em cicloergômetro
Authors: Caruso Flávia Cristina Rossi , Reis Michel Silva , Siqueira Ana Cristina Barroso , Gardim Marli , Catai Aparecida Maria , Borghi-Silva Audrey
Published: January 2013

INTRODUÇÃO: A Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC) é caracterizada por alterações estruturais do parênquima pulmonar, acarretando manifestações sistêmicas. Além disso, esses pacientes podem apresentar marcada alteração do controle autonômico cardíaco. Nesse contexto, estudos investigando a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) em pacientes com DPOC durante a realização de exercício físico em cicloergometro têm sido pouco explorados. OBJETIVO: Determinar o limiar anaeróbio por meio da VFC com o propósito de estabelecer parâmetros de avaliação e prescrição da intensidade de exercício desses pacientes em cicloergômetro. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados oito pacientes do sexo masculino com diagnóstico de DPOC com idade média de 69,5 ± 7,6 anos. A frequência cardíaca foi analisada no repouso e em diferentes intensidades do exercício. O teste foi realizado em um cicloergômetro e consistiu em um período de aquecimento de quatro minutos em uma potência mínima. Foram, também, realizados degraus com potência inicial de 4W, com acréscimos de 5 em 5W, até que o paciente atingisse o limiar anaeróbio. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes que apresentaram maiores valores de VEF1 apresentaram maiores potências no cicloergômetro. Houve redução significativa da VFC durante o exercício físico se comparado ao repouso sentado p < 0,05. CONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes estudados apresentaram um severo descondicionamento físico reafirmado pela impossibilidade determinada pelo LA de 50% da amostra.
Estudo do sono e função pulmonar em pacientes obesos mórbidos
Authors: Aguiar Isabella de Carvalho , Reis Israel dos Santos dos , Freitas Junior Wilson Rodrigues , Malheiros Carlos Alberto , Laurino Neto Rafael Melillo , Oliveira Luis Vicente Franco de
Published: January 2013

INTRODUÇÃO: A obesidade acarreta uma série de alterações na fisiologia respiratória e no sono. Seu tratamento tem como objetivo a melhora da saúde e da qualidade de vida. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a função pulmonar e o sono em indivíduos obesos mórbidos pré-cirurgia bariátrica. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Participaram deste estudo 38 pacientes, recrutados em dois serviços de cirurgia bariátrica e encaminhados ao Laboratório de Sono da Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brasil. Os critérios de inclusão foram: obesos mórbidos, IMC entre 40 kg/m² e 50 kg/m² e IMC entre 35 kg/m² a 39,9 kg/m² se associados a comorbidades. RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi de 42 ± 10, o índice de massa corpórea médio foi de 50,09 ± 7,64. A média da circunferência abdominal foi de 132,48 ±11,07 e 134,31 ± 16,26 e de pescoço foi 42,34 ± 2,08 e 44,48 ± 3,67, respectivamente para mulheres e homens. As pressões máximas inspiratórias foram 57,57 ± 18,93 e 60,6 ± 3,72 e máximas expiratórias 56,63 ± 16,68 e 60 ± 18,52, para mulheres e homens respectivamente. O sono do movimento rápido dos olhos apresentou-se com média de 16,93 ± 13,61 e a saturação mínima da oxi-hemoglobina foi de 79,33 ± 10,26 durante o sono. Em 44,74% dos casos examinados, foram observadas alterações na Escala de Sonolência de Epworth (ESE); e em 76,3% ficou confirmada a presença de síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS). CONCLUSÃO: Foram observadas alterações nas pressões máximas ventilatórias, na estrutura do sono associadas a considerável dessaturação noturna da oxi-hemoglobina, o que evidencia alta prevalência de SAOS nos pacientes obesos mórbidos.
Produção discursiva sobre ensino e aprendizagem filosófica
Authors: Tomazetti Elisete M.
Published: January 2013

Nesse artigo, são apresentadas algumas ideias resultantes da pesquisa "Ensino e Aprendizagem Filosófica em Discurso", que tem como objetivo a análise das produções discursivas sobre ensino e aprendizagem filosófica materializados nos livros publicados a partir do Simpósio Sul-Brasileiro sobre Ensino de Filosofia, organizado pelo Fórum Sul de Cursos de Filosofia da Região Sul do Brasil. Durante uma década, o referido evento foi realizado, anualmente, em alguma universidade da região, com posterior publicação de um livro. Há, portanto, um significativo conjunto de livros que guardam discursos sobre o ensino de Filosofia no contexto da escola básica e sobre a formação dos professores de Filosofia nas instituições de Ensino Superior. Procurou-se realizar um exercício de análise discursiva inspirada na obra de Michel Foucault.
Convergência de recursos e mediação para inclusão digital: casos baianos
Authors: Neves Barbará Coelho , Couto Edvaldo Souza
Published: January 2013

A partir dos estudos sobre a cibercultura, com ênfase na inclusão digital, o texto discute aspectos iniciais de uma pesquisa em desenvolvimento que procura aprofundar o tema da mediação e da convergência de recursos na inclusão digital no Estado da Bahia. Temos como objeto os pontos de inclusão digital (PID) de três municípios baianos verificados como potenciais para adoção do modelo de acesso baseado em letramento. A abordagem do estudo é qualitativa, descritiva e analítica. O trabalho defende e conclui que pensar a inclusão digital a partir da convergência dos recursos e da mediação pode proporcionar um salto de qualidade na realidade dos telecentros públicos baianos.
A new conceptual model for business ecosystem visualization and analysis
Authors: Vaz Luiz Felipe Hupsel , Nogueira Antonio Roberto Ramos , Rodrigues Marco Aurélio de Souza , Chimenti Paula Castro Pires de Souza
Published: January 2013

This study has the objective of plotting the effects of network externalities and superstar software for the visualization and analysis of industry ecosystems. The output is made possible by gathering sales from a tracking website, associating each sale to a single consumer and by using a network visualization software. The result is a graph that shows strategic positioning of publishers and platforms, serving as a strategic tool for both academics and professionals. The approach is scalable to other industries and can be used to support analysis on mergers, acquisitions and alliances.
Desempenho acadêmico e a Teoria do Prospecto: estudo empírico sobre o comportamento decisório
Authors: Soares Henrique Fonseca Genelhu , Barbedo Claudio Henrique da Silveira
Published: January 2013

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar a existência ou não de relação estatística entre a racionalidade das escolhas e o desempenho acadêmico dos discentes de Graduação de um Centro Universitário a partir do trabalho de Grinblatt, Keloharju e Linnainmaa (2011). Com base em questionários de coleta de dados e de regressões Logit, os resultados da pesquisa apontaram que a variável Desempenho Acadêmico (DA) apresenta relação direta com a racionalidade de escolhas e altera a ação dos vieses cognitivos sobre o processo decisório dos agentes. Nesse sentido, os discentes com desempenho acadêmico superior realizaram escolhas mais racionais que os estudantes com DA inferior, mostrando-se, dessa forma, menos susceptíveis à influência dos vieses cognitivos.
Consciência do próprio desvio de fala e processamento auditivo no desvio fonológico
Authors: Dias Roberta Freitas , Quintas Victor Gandra , Melo Roberta Michelon , Mota Helena Bolli , Mezzomo Carolina Lisbôa
Published: January 2013

TEMA: a habilidade de reconhecimento do próprio desvio de fala e sua possível relação com o processamento auditivo em crianças com diagnóstico de desvio fonológico. PROCEDIMENTOS: participaram do estudo oito sujeitos com diagnóstico de desvio fonológico e idades 5:0;26 e 7:7;2. O sistema fonético/fonológico foi avaliado por meio do instrumento - Avaliação Fonológica da Criança. Aplicou-se ainda o teste de consciência do próprio desvio de fala, o qual tem por finalidade fazer com que a criança ouça e julgue os desvios existentes em sua própria fala. Para avaliação do processamento auditivo, utilizou-se a Avaliação Simplificada do Processamento Auditivo (Triagem), e os testes especiais de Fala no Ruído e o Teste de Dissílabos Alternados. RESULTADOS: todos os sujeitos obtiveram resultados abaixo do esperado, com valores abaixo de 50% do valor máximo possível nos testes de processamento auditivo. Quanto à consciência do próprio desvio de fala, todos os sujeitos apresentaram esta habilidade, mas em valores bastante variáveis ainda que o desempenho dos testes do processamento auditivo não tenham sido satisfatórios. Este achado sugere que as crianças neste período (5-7 anos), mesmo apresentando dificuldade para entender ou interpretar o que ouvem, são capazes de perceber os erros que apresentam na fala. CONCLUSÃO: a consciência do próprio desvio de fala está presente nos sujeitos com desvio fonológico, independentemente do desempenho apresentado em tarefas do processamento auditivo.
Apropriação participatória mediante interação verbal por tríades de crianças durante a resolução de problemas matemáticos
Authors: Silva Maria do Carmo Lobato da , Oliveira Marinalva Silva
Published: January 2013

Buscou-se compreender como ocorre a apropriação de conhecimentos mediante interação verbal por tríades de crianças com e sem relação de amizade quando participam conjuntamente de tarefas matemáticas. Participaram 24 alunos da 3ª série do Ensino Fundamental, agrupados em quatro tríades com relação de amizade (TCRA) e quatro tríades sem relação de amizade (TSRA). A seleção para agrupá-los nas tríades ocorreu por meio de entrevista buscando conhecer o vínculo afetivo. As interações foram registradas com filmadora e gravador, transcritas e analisadas segundo o método microgenético. Os resultados mostraram que as TCRA evidenciaram uma interação verbal mais intensa, provocando maior apropriação de conhecimentos entre os participantes do que nas TSRA. Verificou-se que um contexto cooperativo ensejou maiores possibilidades do uso de uma linguagem comum, facilitando, desta forma, o entendimento, bem como a negociação em caso de discordância entre os participantes.
Análise das condições favoráveis à formação de bolor em edificação histórica de Pelotas, RS, Brasil
Authors: Guerra Fernanda Lamego , Cunha Eduardo Grala da , Silva Antônio César Silveira Baptista da , Knop Stífany
Published: January 2013

Considerando a relevância do desenvolvimento de estudos que visam a compreender as condições ambientais favoráveis à formação do bolor, este artigo apresenta uma análise do desempenho da superfície interior de uma parede voltada ao exterior em uma edificação histórica na cidade de Pelotas, RS. A superfície selecionada apresentava formação de bolor, confirmada por uma análise microbiológica. Com o objetivo de compreender as condições ambientais que favoreceram a formação do bolor na superfície naquele ambiente, foram aplicados dois métodos de análise das condições higrotérmicas da superfície: o primeiro considera o regime de transferência de calor estacionário; e o segundo, por simulação computacional, considera o regime de transferência de calor transiente. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram a possibilidade da formação de bolor, levando em conta, principalmente, os aspectos de umidade próxima à superfície da parede e temperatura superficial interna. Para o desenvolvimento desta análise foram consideradas as observações das normas brasileiras NBR 15220: desempenho térmico de edificações: parte 2 (ABNT, 2005), da NBR 15575: edificações habitacionais de até cinco pavimentos (ABNT, 2008b) e da norma alemã DIN 4108-3: isolamento térmico e economia de energia em edifícios (2001).
Intenção de mudança de comportamento em adolescentes para a prática de atividades físicas de lazer
Authors: Maciel Marcos Gonçalves , Veiga Ricardo Teixeira
Published: January 2013

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a intenção da mudança de comportamento de adolescentes de diferentes níveis socioeconómicos (NSE) para a prática de atividades físicas de lazer, adotando o Modelo Transteorético e a Teoria do Comportamento Planejado (TCP). Foi realizado um estudo transversal com a participação de 416 adolescentes, pertencentes a escolas do ensino médio nas cidades de Belo Horizonte e Contagem/MG, com média de idade de 16,4 ± 1,2 anos. As análises foram feitas utilizando estatísticas descritivas e paramétricas (ANOVA e regressão logística). Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que a maioria dos adolescentes é inativa no lazer, e às variáveis, sexo, atitude e controle percebido são os fatores mais relevantes para classificar o nível de atividade física de lazer, sendo que as variáveis sociais (nível socioeconómico e norma subjetiva) têm pouca importância para predizer a intenção de mudança de comportamento para a prática dessas atividades.
Aprendizagem motora baseada em demonstrações de movimento biológico
Authors: Rodrigues Sérgio Tosi , Castello Vânia Maria , Jardim Juliana Gomes , Aguiar Stefane Aline
Published: January 2013

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o processo de aprendizagem motora de uma habilidade complexa da Ginástica Artística a partir da observação de demonstrações de modelos de pontos de luz e vídeo. Dezesseis participantes divididas em grupos dos respectivos modelos executaram um pré-teste, seguido de 100 tentativas de uma parada de mãos, igualmente distribuídas em blocos de 10 tentativas em dois dias, alternando períodos de demonstração e prática, com um teste de retenção após um dia. Cinemática de braço, tronco e perna das participantes possibilitaram análise da semelhança entre a coordenação de cada participante e do modelo e do tempo de movimento; a performance das participantes também foi avaliada por duas especialistas em Ginástica Artística. Ambas as análises indicaram que os grupos não diferiram. Os resultados são discutidos em termos da hipótese de suficiência de informação nos modelos de movimento biológico particularmente aplicada ao processo de aprendizagem de habilidades motoras complexas.
Crítica ao postulado positivista da psicologia: de Heidegger a Foucault
Authors: Ballestê Rômulo Marques dos Santos , Cabral Ricardo de Barros
Published: January 2013

A objetivação do ser humano, que segue os ideais de precisão das ciências físico-matemáticas, bem como a sua identificação com o fato biológico, orienta o projeto de ciência da psicologia, desde o século XIX. Michel Foucault aponta esta questão como um paradoxo. A redução do ser humano a objeto dado se mostra contrária às considerações de Martin Heidegger ao tratar do problema do Ser. Portanto, partindo das observações desses dois autores, será realizada uma crítica ao modelo positivista de cientificidade adotado no desenvolvimento da ciência psicológica moderna e, para, por fim, problematizar a ética que se supõe necessária nesta questão.