bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nuevos análisis zooarqueológicos y tafonómicos del sitio Cerro Tapera Vázquez (Parque Nacional Pre-Delta, Argentina)
Authors: Rodríguez Juan M. , Bonomo Mariano
Published: April 2021

El sitio arqueológico Cerro Tapera Vázquez (CTV) se encuentra dentro del Parque Nacional Pre-Delta, en el ambiente insular del río Paraná. Dos dataciones radiocarbónicas sobre restos de carbón vegetal ubican la ocupación humana en torno a los 600 años radiocarbónicos AP. En este artículo se presentan nuevos resultados obtenidos a partir del reanálisis del conjunto faunístico de este sitio arqueológico. Se identificaron diferentes especies de mamíferos, las cuales incluyen cérvidos (Blastocerus dichotomus, Ozotoceros bezoarticus), carnívoros (Leopardus geoffroyi, Lycalopex gymnocercus) y roedores (Myocastor coypus, Cavia aperea, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris). Además, en menor medida, se identificaron algunos restos de aves (Podiceps major), peces (Pimelodus sp., Doradidae) y moluscos de agua dulce. La principal presa explotada fue el coipo (Myocastor coypus). Por otra parte, la presencia de otros recursos acuáticos y terrestres probablemente se deba a la caza ocasional (e.g. Leopardus geoffroyi) o a su incorporación natural al depósito (e.g. Cavia aperea).
Análisis e identificación de almidones arqueológicos en instrumentos líticos y cerámica del conjunto residencial Limón de Palenque, Chiapas, México
Authors: Venegas Durán Benito Jesus , Herrera-Parra Esteban Moisés , Pérez María Novelo
Published: April 2021

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de los análisis aplicados para la identificación de gránulos de almidón extraídos en herramientas líticas y fragmentos de cerámica, recuperadas como parte del proyecto “Paleoetnobotánica y Arqueobotánica del Grupo Residencial Limón de Palenque.” El proyecto llevó a cabo un análisis arqueobotánico con la intención de identificar las diferentes especies de plantas herbáceas, arbustivas y arbóreas (semillas, frutos, madera, etc.) que estaban disponibles para los habitantes de un complejo residencial en la antigua ciudad Maya de Palenque. Esto permitió proponer algunas de las especies de plantas utilizadas en la subsistencia de los miembros de esta unidad doméstica, durante el Clásico Tardío (250 a.C. - 900 d.C.).
Pemahaman Siswa tentang Globalisasi dan Sikap Cinta Tanah Air dengan Pelestarian Budaya Bangsa
Authors: Nur'aini Nur'aini , Abduh Mohamad , Suidat Suidat
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data empiris mengenai hubungan pemahaman siswa tentang globalisasi dan sikap cinta tanah air dengan pelestarian budaya bangsa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan bulan Juli sampai Oktober 2020. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan studi koralasional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 181 siswa yang didapat secara acak. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan; (1) Terdapat hubungan positif yang sangat signifikan antara pemahaman siswa tentang globalisasi dengan pelestarian budaya bangsa dengan koefisien korelasi (ry1) sebesar 0,5450 (?=0,05). Kontribusi pemahaman tentang globalisasi sebesar 29,71% (ry1). (2) Terdapat hubungan positif yang sangat signifikan antara sikap cinta tanah air dengan pelestarian budaya bangsa dengan koefisien korelasi (ry2) sebesar 6,501 (?=0,05). Kontribusi sikap cinta tanah air dengan pelestarian budaya bangsa sebesar 19,10% (ry2). Terdapat hubungan positif yang sangat signifikan antara pemahaman siswa tentang globalisasi dan sikap cinta tanah air secara bersama-sama dengan pelestarian budaya bangsa dengan koefisien korelasi (ry12) sebesar 0,6117 (?=0,05). Kontribusi pemahaman siswa tentang globalisasi dan sikap cinta tanah air dengan pelestarian budaya bangsa sebesar 37,42% (Ry12).
Pemahaman Siswa tentang Budaya Politik dan Kesadaran Berdemokrasi dengan Komitmen Berakhlakul Kharimah
Authors: Waluyo Budi , Pudjiastuti Sri Rahayu , Sutisna Mohamad
Published: April 2021

Akhlakul karimah tidak lahir begitu saja menjadi kodrat manusia atau muncul secara tiba-tiba. Akan tetapi membutuhkan proses yang panjang serta memanifestasi seumur hidup melalui pembelajaran atau pendidikan akhlak yang sistematis bersifat menyeluruh meliputi 4 dimensi kehidupan manusia yaitu fisik, mental, emosional dan spiritual. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui Hubungan pemahaman budaya politik dan kesadaran berdemokrasi dengan komitmen berakhlakul karimah. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik korelasional. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah  siswa kelas XI di  SMK  Kecamatan Serang Baru Bekasi berjumlah 139 siswa yang berada di 5 Sekolah. Untuk sampel digunakan teknik proportional random sampling dengan rumus Slovin, sehingga diperoleh sampel  sebanyak 103 orang siswa. Untuk ujicoba instrumen diambil sebanyak 30 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: Terdapat hubungan positif pemahaman budaya politik dan kesadaran berdemokrasi secara bersama-sama dengan komitmen berakhlakul karimah dengan koefisien korelasi R sebesar 0,803 dan persamaan regresi berganda ?=42,84+0,46X1+0,32X2 dan harga  Fhitung=91,026>3,09=Ftabel pada taraf signifikansi ?=0,05. Hipotesis nol ditolak dan hipotesis penelitian diterima pada taraf signifikansi 0,05. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah: Terdapat hubungan positif pemahaman budaya politik dan kesadaran berdemokrasi secara bersama-sama dengan komitmen berakhlakul karimah pada siswa SMK  di Kecamatan Serang Baru Kabupaten Bekasi.
Pemahaman Nilai-Nilai Ketuhanan dan Sikap Solidaritas dengan Perilaku Jujur Siswa SMK PGRI I Kota Bogor
Authors: Yusuf Muhamad , Pudjiastuti Sri Rahayu , Sutisna Mohamad
Published: April 2021

Nilai yang terkandung dalam Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa manjadi sulit di realisasikan, terutama dalam mebangun kesadaran menghargai persamaan kedudukan warga negara, demikian juga dengan terwujudnya sikap solidaritas terhadap sesama siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data empiris mengenai Hubungan pemahaman Nilai-Nilai KetuhananYang Maha Esa dan Sikap Solidaritas dengan Perilaku Jujur siswa Kelas XII SMK PGRI I Kota Bogor. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan bulan Mei sampai Oktober 2019. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan studi koralasional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 80 siswa yang di dapat secara acak. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk variabel X1 (pemahaman Nilai-nilai Ketuhanan YME) dikur menggunakan tes  dan X2 (sikap solidaritas) dan Y (perilaku jujur siswa) menggunakan angket skala perilaku. Pengujian hipotesis terbukti bahwa terdapat hubungan positif antara pemahaman nilai-nilai Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa dan sikap solidaritas dengan perilaku jujur siswa. Koefisien korelasi jamak sebesar 0,993. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,889. Dikatakan 88,9% variansi yang terjadi pada perilaku jujur siswa (Y) dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel pemahaman nilai-nilai Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa (X1) dan sikap solidaritas (X2). Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan posistif antara pemahaman nilai-nilai Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa dan sikap solidaritas dengan perilaku jujur siswa.
Физическое и математическое моделирование гидродинамики подводного старта ракет
Authors: Дегтярь В. Г. , Пегов В. И.
Published: April 2021

В соответствии с техническими характеристиками экспериментальных установок – гидробассейнов, гидротруб – разработаны методы моделирования гидрогазодинамических процессов, определены требования к моделям и энергосистемам старта, условиям проведения испытаний, правила пересчёта результатов модельных испытаний на натурные условия. Математическое моделирование проводилось на основе метода контрольного объёма с учётом многофазности среды и наличия силы тяжести на примерах подводных стартов торпед из горизонтальных пусковых установок движущихся носителей и ракет из вертикальных пусковых шахт.
Features of numerical simulation of hypersonic flow around simple bodies
Authors: Ismagilov D. R. , Sidelnikov R. V.
Published: April 2021

The analysis of the possibility of using the numerical approximation schemes streams Roe FDS and AUSM + to meet the challenges of hypersonic aerodynamics and research trends in the perturbed region ahead streamlined blunt body to determine the laws of thermal and gas-dynamic processes and the establishment of the characteristics associated with the development of the necessary thermal protection of aircraft. Based on a comparison of the data with the experimental results revealed that the method of splitting the flow AUSM + is able to solve the problem of hypersonic flow around bodies with acceptable accuracy.
Rational use of space system board resource radar
Authors: Dudnikov S. V. , Kostyuk E. A. , Cheresov Yu. I.
Published: April 2021

Based on the analysis of the target system using space radar with aperture synthesis tezirovaniem for remote sensing of the Earth shows the direction of the rational use of resources of the Trust board equipment and possible ways of their implementation.
Direction finding characteristic of an “antenna – radome” system and ways of increasing direction finding accuracy for radiolocation objects
Authors: Stolbovoy V. S. , Turko L. S. , Zaletin P. V.
Published: April 2021

In the work we provide a theoretical verification for various techniques of increasing direction finding accuracy of on-board radio systems equipped with “antenna – radome” systems, based on representing a direction finding characteristic of an “antenna – radome” system as a power series. Moreover, we describe design principles and flowcharts of direction finders ensuring a multiple increase in detection accuracy. Consequently, we analyse direction finding errors, and supply our research with the results of investigating a device implementing the techniques suggested.
Study of vibratory condition of the construction with a structural defect in progressive damage development stages
Authors: Kokurov A. M. , Odintsev I. N.
Published: April 2021

The paper presents an improved method of experimental and computational studies of vibratory condition of the composite constructions with structural defects such as local fibrations. With the proposed approach it is possible to determine the size of the defect and its influence on the inherent forms and structure vibration frequency. In our work we demonstrate practical application of the technique studying the vibration characteristics of the feathering propeller blades with defective structure of the material.
On application of algorithms on the basis of least-square and end formula methods in the trajectory measurement processing problems
Authors: Kisin Yu. K.
Published: April 2021

In this research we obtained an estimate of mean-square deviations in the trajectory measurement processing problem when the estimated trajectory parameters were determined by the end formulas according to the minimum set of parameters measured, and in this case there was no explicit functional relationship between these parameters and the measurement vector. To estimate the mean-square deviations of determining the trajectory according to the end formulas, we proposed to implement the stochastic simulation. We obtained end formulas for the trajectory problems when making angular measurements. The work provides the results of mathematical simulation.
Correlated signal model for a velocity simulator of a correlation radar meter
Authors: Vasileva A. V. , Kalmykov N. N. , Melnikov S. A. , Solovyev V. V.
Published: April 2021

One of the functions of a correlation radar meter for measuring altitude and velocity vector components is measuring the velocity vector components based on comparing correlation properties of the signals received by spatially separated antennae. The CRM test and control equipment contains a simplified velocity simulator forming signal transport delays according to the values of axial and transverse velocity vector components. We consider a correlated signal model allowing us to imitate a reflected signal that makes it possible to measure parameter values by means of transport delays and the difference in cross-correlation function maximum values.
Adaptive technique for smoothing telemetric measurements with the use of fuzzy inference
Authors: Pervushina N. A. , Donovskiy D. E.
Published: April 2021

The study focuses on the technique that allows smoothing the results of telemetric measurements by sliding piecewise-linear approximation. We calculated the model coefficients at smoothing, as well as coefficient dispersion, using the least square method (LSM). Moreover, we developed the algorithm for adapting the sliding window width depending on nature of the initial data location. We implemented the adaptation mechanism by means of a fuzzy logic inference system, which is of particular interest from the point of view of novelty of the approach and practical application in processing the results of telemetric measurements.
Solving the discrimination problem by means of estimating the radar cross-section of a plasma sheath
Authors: Markova M. V. , Sergunov K. Y.
Published: April 2021

The study deals with the problem of indicating a target as a decoy during radar tracking. We chose to investigate plasma-generating and heavy decoys moving along the atmospheric segments of their trajectories. We conducted simulations in the Fluent and ANSYS HFSS software packages. We suggest certain criteria for decoy discrimination and for making the decision to indicate the target as a decoy. We analysed whether it is possible to discriminate heavy and plasma-generating decoys during the atmospheric segment of their flight, using data obtained by X-ray radar stations
Relevance of correct weighting coefficients arrangement in problems of radar targets classification
Authors: Delov V. A. , Faschev V. V.
Published: April 2021

We consider methods for arranging weights that determine the degree of confidence in priori information on moving radar objects. The study raises an issue of automating this task and proposes an algorithm for calculating weights. The algorithm allows us to calculate the weighting coefficients programmatically. Moreover, we give an example of calculating weights for any number of classes and any number of standards using the software developed by the authors
Effect of the spherical hollow space on the aircraft path
Authors: Bukhtin R. N.
Published: April 2021

The paper shows the research results of the effect of a spherical hollow space on the aircraft flight path. By flow simulation of the hollow space, there was plotted an analytical dependence of the surface pressure force on the parameters of the oncoming gas flow. The aircraft deflection caused by the presence of a spherical hollow space is estimated depending on its position, the initial speed of flight and the pitch attitude
System of intergenerational continuity as the strategic goal
Authors: Tarichko V. I.
Published: April 2021

The paper focuses on strategic tasks, stages of implementing the program for identification and development of team leaders, the project being conducted by the “Almaz – Antey” Air and Space Defense Corporation. The results of the system work on the human resource development are analyzed by one of the winners of the program.
Features of excitation reconstruction in flat multielement phased antenna array face using dynamic directional patterns
Authors: Gavrilova S. E. , Gribanov A. N. , Moseychuk G. F. , Sinani A. I.
Published: April 2021

The study focuses on reconstructing the amplitude-phase distribution of flat multielement passive and active phased antenna arrays with the use of dynamic radiation patterns, measured with electronical scanning without mechanical rotations and antenna movements. The paper describes the measurement settings of dynamic radiation patterns, necessary for reconstructing the amplitude-phase distribution. Findings of the research show that to reconstruct the amplitude-phase distribution according to dynamic radiation diagrams, there is no need for increased computational resources due to the use of Fourier transformation algorithms. After the method was experimentally verified on the specific samples of active phased antenna arrays, its high efficiency was established. The paper gives the examples of reconstructing the amplitude-phase distribution from dynamic radiation patterns in the presence of malfunctions in active phased array antennas.
Triple configurations of pursuit shock waves in conditions of ambiguity of the solution
Authors: Chernyshov M. V. , Kapralova A. S.
Published: April 2021

The article studies triple configurations of shock waves in supersonic flows of a perfect gas in view of the fact that it is not always possible to determine unambiguously the parameters of the remaining shocks in the configuration by specifying the properties of the oncoming flow and the branching shock wave. The values of the parameters of triple configurations with maximum relations of the parameters of the flow on the sides of the outgoing tangential discontinuity (extremal configurations) in conditions of the ambiguity of the physically realizable solution are found analytically and numerically.
Contemporary approaches to research supporting the development of microturbine power generation systems
Authors: Kosoy A. S. , Monin S. V. , Sinkevich M. V.
Published: April 2021

The paper provides an analysis of how much it is possible to improve the efficiency of low-power gas-turbine engines. We show that refining those features of the main blading section units that affect the gas dynamics significantly enhances engine performance. We present a new concept of developing highly efficient turbomachinery, pumps and propellers using modern additive manufacturing technology. We describe a unique research and testing facility for studies, per-node refinement and testing concerning gas-turbine engine components, which should ensure low cost and high efficiency of gas-turbine engine design.
Kinetic parameter estimation for solid octogen-containing explosive according to ODTX-experiments
Authors: Zuev Y. S. , Karmanov N. I. , Nedospasova E. V.
Published: April 2021

The study introduces a method for estimating kinetic parameters for the LX -10 explosive. The method includes the use of analytical dependence for the induction period, by which the experimental data are processed, and the ANSYS CFD finite element analysis software package. Satisfactory agreement between the calculated and experimental data was obtained.
Simulation of the formation of powder charge consisting of granulated powder elements
Authors: Khmelnikov E. A. , Zavodova T. E. , Smagin K. V. , Dubinina S. F.
Published: April 2021

The paper focuses on simulation of the formation of powder charge consisting of granulated powder elements. The purpose of the study is to develop a model which makes it possible to take into account the uneven distribution of powder elements along the length of the charge when calculating the intraballistic characteristics according to the gas-dynamic approach
The experience of creating an asynchronous motor control system for the hydraulic drive of a crane-manipulator
Authors: Shestakov I. V. , Safin N. R.
Published: April 2021

The study introduces a mathematical model of an asynchronous motor control system for a hydraulic drive of a crane-manipulator, the model being implemented in the Matlab Simulink package. The choice of the frequency of the pulse-width modulation and the components of the controlled electric drive depends on the load diagram and the characteristics of a new electric motor. The paper emphasizes some features of this choice and also demonstrates the output characteristics of the motor powered by a sinusoidal voltage source and a frequency converter, which is a source of modulated pulse-width voltage
Modernization of a frequency-controlled asynchronous electric drive system
Authors: Shestakov I. V. , Safin N. R.
Published: April 2021

The paper introduces the results of mathematical simulation of the operating modes of an asynchronous motor when powered by a sinusoidal voltage source and a width-modulated voltage pulse source. The study shows the possibilities of increasing the energy efficiency of an asynchronous electric drive. Findings of research show the feasibility of studying the switching of the motor power source from a pulse width-modulated voltage to a sinusoidal voltage source in the nominal operating mode in order to increase the energy efficiency of the electric drive
Method of forming and scaling phased array expanded beams
Authors: Gribanov A. N. , Gavrilova S. E. , Pavlovich O. V. , Moseychuk G. F. , Titov A. N.
Published: April 2021

The paper focuses on the phase synthesis of one-dimensionally expanded phased array beams. In the study we used the fan partial diagram method. By this method and applying the known amplitude distribution in the aperture and the desired beam shape, we were able to unambiguously determine the desired phase distribution by means of simple calculations. The method is applicable for a phased antenna array and an active phased antenna array with linear and flat apertures. The study is the first to discuss the scaling properties of expanded beams, which allow one to obtain many synthesis options from only one option by multiplying the phase distribution by the scaling factor. Four important properties of scaling are formulated and proved, which must be taken into account when scaling. The paper gives the results of mathematical simulation and experimental measurements, proving the efficiency of the method
Allan variance in dynamically tuned inertial-unit gyro error analysis
Authors: Sharova M. A. , Diadin S. S.
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the study was to consider an algorithm for obtaining the measurement information from a dynamically tuned gyroscope in the mode of an angular velocity sensor and output signal noise component estimate, the algorithm being based on the Allan variance method. The results obtained were evaluated
Tümör Lizis Sendromunda Hemşirelik Yaklaşımı
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Nazli , ARIKAN Fatma
Published: April 2021

Tümör lizis sendromu, hızlı hücre ölümünden kaynaklanan onkometabolik acil bir durumdur. Tümör lizis sendromu, tümör hedefli tedavinin bir sonucu olarak veya kendiliğinden ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı tümör lizis sendromu ve hemşirelik bakımı ile ilgili literatür bilgisinin derlenmesidir. Tümör lizis sendromunun laboratuvar ve klinik belirti bulguları ile ilgili olarak kanser hastası yakından izlenmeli, yüksek risk grubundaki hastalara yeterli hidrasyon, fosfat bağlayıcıların kullanımı, ürik asit düşürücü tedavi ve hastanın potasyum alımının azaltılması gibi önleyici girişimlerin uygulanması önemlidir. Sağlık profesyoneli olan onkoloji ve yoğun bakım hemşireleri, hastanede yatan her kanser hastasını ve özellikle kemoterapi görenleri tümör lizis sendromu riski açısından sınıflandırarak kanser hastasına destekleyici bakım vermelidir.
THE CHALLENGES IN IDENTIFICATION OF ARTISTS-MANAGERS: CONSEQUENCES FOR CREATIVITY
Authors: Szostak Michał , Sułkowski Łukasz
Published: April 2021

Research on identity, its tensions and paradoxes have extensive literature and a large number of scientists exploring the subject. Our own experiences in the fields of art and management were the main arguments for the introduce of the concept of “artists-managers” and to undertake research in the area of artists-managers’ identity to find the conclusions for creativity. This article aims to describe the challenges in the identification of artists-managers, who can be crucial in understanding the creativity factor. To reach our goal, we run empirical qualitative research based on in-depth interviews with key-informants from Europe, Africa and North America as well as auto-analysis of an artist-manager identity. We answer the research question “Who is the artist-manager?”. We present our “creativity development model” on the base of artists-managers’ characteristics and we describe what kind of challenges should be considered in the empirical research of artists-managers. These challenges may be used as guidelines for artists-managers: for those who discover an artist-manager in their personality, for defined artists-managers to help to better understand their features, and for artists-managers’ followers to be more sensitive for their leaders’ characteristics. Our model may help to understand and develop the creativity of society.
MOBILE LASER SCANNING ELEVATION DATA ACCURACY IN CLOSED AND PARTIALLY OPEN SKY AREA
Authors: Annok Gerly , Tammin Valdar , Liba Natalja
Published: April 2021

Mobile laser scanning is being used more often in Estonia and abroad to obtain geospatial information. As the system is still new and being upgraded, different methods are being used to find out how accurately the mobile laser scanner can measure in different conditions. In this article the mobile laser scanner accuracy is being examined depending on surrounding environment and the importance of postprocessing. Mobile laser scanning elevation data accuracy obtained in difficult conditions is being assessed. Difficult conditions are considered locations where there are tall objects that interrupt the satellite signals’ trajectory to the receiver. To determine the elevation accuracy of mobile laser scanner data, coordinates with the raw broadcast and final ephemerides with the combination of the GNSS receivers’ data that were installed in ideal and not ideal environmental conditions were computed. As a result of the study, the error of the elevation data in the first polygon, situated in difficult conditions was 7 mm when the Kunda reference station data was used with raw broadcast and final ephemerides. Error in the second polygon was accordingly 17 mm and 19 mm. When calculations were conducted using raw broadcast ephemerides in a base station in an imperfect environment, the error in the first polygon was 103 mm and in the second 75 mm. When the precise ephemerides were added to base station data, the error in the first polygon was 6 mm and in the second 21 mm. From the study results, it could be concluded that the mobile laser scanning system measures within 2 cm accuracy even in a complicated environment.
Variation of Broad Emission Lines from QSOs with Optical/UV Periodicity to Test the Interpretation of Supermassive Binary Black Holes
Authors: Ji Xiang , Lu Youjun , Ge Junqiang , Yan Changshuo , Song Zihao
Published: April 2021

Periodic quasars have been suggested to host supermassive binary black holes (BBHs) in their centers, and their optical/UV periodicities are interpreted as caused by either the Doppler-boosting (DB) effect of continuum emission from the disk around the secondary black hole (BH) or intrinsic accretion rate variation. However, no other definitive evidence has been found to confirm such a BBH interpretation(s). In this paper, we investigate the responses of broad emission lines (BELs) to the continuum variations for these quasars under two BBH scenarios and check whether they can be distinguished from each other and from that of a single BH system. We assume a simple circumbinary broad-line region (BLR) model, compatible with BLR size estimates, with a standard Γ distribution of BLR clouds. We find that BELs may change significantly and periodically under the BBH scenarios due to (1) the position variation of the secondary BH and (2) the DB effect, if significant, and/or intrinsic variation, which is significantly different from the case of a single BH system. For the two BBH scenarios, the responses of BELs to (apparent) continuum variations, caused by the DB effect or intrinsic rate variation, are also significantly different from each other, mainly because the DB effect has a preferred direction along the direction of motion of the secondary BH, while that due to intrinsic variation does not. Such differences in the responses of BELs from different scenarios may offer a robust way to distinguish different interpretations of periodic quasars and to identify BBHs, if any, in these systems.
PeV–EeV Neutrinos from Gamma-Ray Blazars due to Ultrahigh-energy Cosmic-Ray Propagation
Authors: Das Saikat , Gupta Nayantara , Razzaque Soebur
Published: April 2021

Blazars are potential sources of cosmic-ray acceleration up to ultrahigh energies (E ≳ 1018 eV). For an efficient cosmic-ray injection from blazars, pγ collisions with extragalactic background light (EBL) and cosmic microwave background (CMB) can produce neutrino spectra with peaks near to PeV and EeV energies, respectively. In this work, we analyze the contribution of these neutrinos to the diffuse background measured by the IceCube neutrino observatory. The fraction of neutrino luminosity originating from individual redshift ranges is calculated using the distribution of BL Lacs and FSRQs provided in the Fermi-LAT 4LAC catalog. Furthermore, we use a luminosity-dependent density evolution to find the neutrino flux of unresolved blazars. The results obtained in our model indicate that as much as ≈10% of the flux upper bound at a few PeV energies can arise from cosmic-ray interactions with EBL. The same interactions will also produce secondary electrons and photons, initiating electromagnetic cascades. The resultant photon spectrum is limited by the isotropic diffuse γ-ray flux measured between 100 MeV and 820 GeV. The latter, together with the observed cosmic-ray flux at E > 1016.5 eV, can constrain the baryonic loading factor, depending on the maximum cosmic-ray acceleration energy.
Equation-of-state Table with Hyperon and Antikaon for Supernova and Neutron Star Merger
Authors: Malik Tuhin , Banik Sarmistha , Bandyopadhyay Debades
Published: April 2021

We develop a new equation-of-state (EOS) table involving thermal (anti)kaons, Bose–Einstein condensate of K
− mesons, and Λ-hyperons for core-collapse supernova and neutron star merger simulations. This EOS table is based on a finite-temperature, density-dependent relativistic hadron field theory where baryon–baryon interaction is mediated by scalar σ, vector ω, and ρ mesons, using the parameter set DD2 for nucleons. The repulsive hyperon–hyperon interaction is mediated by an additional strange ϕ meson. The EOS for the K
− condensed matter is also calculated within the framework of the relativistic mean field model, whereas the low-density, inhomogeneous matter is calculated in the extended nuclear statistical equilibrium model. The EOS table is generated for a wide range of values of three parameters—baryon density (10−12 to ∼1 fm−3), positive charge fraction (0.01–0.60), and temperature (0.1–158.48 MeV).
Ultra-fast Model Emulation with PRISM: Analyzing the Meraxes Galaxy Formation Model
Authors: van der Velden Ellert , Duffy Alan R. , Croton Darren , Mutch Simon J.
Published: April 2021

We demonstrate the potential of an emulator-based approach to analyzing galaxy formation models in the domain where constraining data is limited. We have applied the open-source Python package Prism to the galaxy formation model Meraxes. Meraxes is a semianalytic model, purposely built to study the growth of galaxies during the Epoch of Reionization. Constraining such models is however complicated by the scarcity of observational data in the EoR. Prism’s ability to rapidly construct accurate approximations of complex scientific models using minimal data is therefore key to performing this analysis well. This paper provides an overview of our analysis of Meraxes using measurements of galaxy stellar mass densities, luminosity functions, and color–magnitude relations. We demonstrate the power of using Prism instead of a full Bayesian analysis when dealing with highly correlated model parameters and a scarce set of observational data. Our results show that the various observational data sets constrain Meraxes differently and do not necessarily agree with each other, signifying the importance of using multiple observational data types when constraining such models. Furthermore, we show that Prism can detect when model parameters are too correlated or cannot be constrained effectively. We conclude that a mixture of different observational data types, even when they are scarce or inaccurate, is a priority for understanding galaxy formation and that emulation frameworks such as Prism can guide the selection of such data.
Demography reveals populational expansion of a recently extinct Iberian ungulate
Authors: Forcina Giovanni , Woutersen Kees , Sánchez-Ramírez Santiago , Angelone Samer , Crampe Jean P. , Pérez Jesus M. , Fandos Paulino , Granados José Enrique , Jowers Michael J.
Published: April 2021

Reconstructing the demographic history of endangered taxa is paramount to predict future fluctuations and disentangle the contributing factors. Extinct taxa or populations might also provide key insights in this respect by means of the DNA extracted from museum specimens. Nevertheless, the degraded status of biological material and the limited number of records may pose some constraints. For this reason, identifying all available sources, including private and public biological collections, is a crucial step forward. In this study, we reconstructed the demographic history based on cytochrome-b sequence data of the Pyrenean ibex (Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica), a charismatic taxon of the European wildlife that became extinct in the year 2000. Moreover, we built a database of the museum specimens available in public biological collections worldwide and genotyped a privately owned 140-year-old trophy from the Spanish Pyrenees to confirm its origin. We found that the population of the Pyrenean ibex underwent a recent expansion approximately 20,000 years ago, after which trophy hunting and epizootics triggered a relentless population decline. Our interpretations, based on the genetic information currently available in public repositories, provide a solid basis for more exhaustive analyses relying on all the new sources identified. In particular, the adoption of a genome-wide approach appears a fundamental prerequisite to disentangle the multiple contributing factors associated with low genetic diversity, including inbreeding depression, acting as extinction drivers.
Reviewing Disease Activity Indices in Spondyloarthritis From the Sex Perspective: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis
Authors: Blasco-Blasco Mar , Castrejón Isabel , Jovaní Vega , Pascual Eliseo , Ruiz-Cantero María Teresa
Published: April 2021

Objective

To determine whether the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) exhibited differences between women and men.

Methods

We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and other sources in English or Spanish from January 1, 1995, to July 31, 2020, to assess the differences according to sex in BASDAI and ASDAS. We performed a comparative analysis by sex using t test and mean difference by sex metaanalyses for BASDAI and ASDAS, as well as a random-effects model using the inverse-variance method.

Results

Forty-one studies included BASDAI (6785 women, 12,929 men) and 16 of them included ASDAS (2046 women, 4403 men). Disease activity detected using BASDAI was significantly higher in women than in men (mean 4.9 vs 4.2, P = 0.02), whereas ASDAS did not detect differences between sexes (mean 2.8 women vs 2.8 men). In the metaanalyses, BASDAI detected significant differences between women and men (mean difference = 0.55 [95% CI 0.46–0.65], P < 0.00001), but ASDAS did not identify significant mean difference between sexes (0.04, 95% CI –0.05 to 0.12], P = 0.38).

Conclusion

The 2 most widely used indices of disease activity in spondyloarthritis (SpA) discriminate differently according to sex by their different evaluations of peripheral disease. The different components and weights in BASDAI and ASDAS influence their values. BASDAI may be affected by fatigue, and in predominantly peripheral manifestations such as enthesitis, ASDAS may not be sensitive enough to detect activity. This may represent a sex bias unfavorable to women, because peripheral SpA is more common in women than in men.
La littérature ou l’intelligence de l’âme
Authors: Simonetta Laetitia
Published: April 2021

Dans un temps où la littérature et la philosophie ne sont pas encore constituées comme des disciplines à part entière, nous allons montrer qu’émerge au sein d’une certaine tradition spirituelle une revendication des pouvoirs propres de l’image pour dépeindre des états spirituels inaccessibles à l’analyse rationnelle. Cette tradition se déploie au moment même où certains philosophes (Malebranche puis Locke) placent au centre de leur philosophie la thèse d’une obscurité de l’âme à elle-même, thèse à partir de laquelle peut se déployer une psychologie philosophique d’un genre nouveau. Éclairer cette obscurité de l’âme, telle est la tâche que se donne la littérature depuis l’œuvre de Marivaux jusqu’aux romans psychologiques de l’Angleterre victorienne.
Formation et didactique professionnelles : un chemin psychologique dans l’histoire
Authors: Leplat Jacques
Published: April 2021

L’auteur qui a joué un rôle central dans l’histoire de la psychologie du travail de ces dernières décennies montre à travers son parcours professionnel comment les concepts d’ergonomie et de formation ont évolué. Dans une première période, (1950-1960), pour répondre à la nécessité de développer et d’améliorer la formation professionnelle la recherche va se tourner vers la psychologie du travail et contribuer à la développer. Une deuxième période (1970-1990) va ensuite se tourner de façon critique vers les travaux conduits en ergonomie, en enseignement programmé, et par la psychologie anglaise. Ce rapide parcours à travers une histoire-clé pour la compréhension des problématiques actuelles est une contribution à la discussion sur les rapports entre formation professionnelle, ergonomie et didactique professionnelle.
De la didactique des disciplines à la didactique professionnelle, il n’y a qu’un pas
Authors: Vergnaud Gérard
Published: April 2021

La didactique des disciplines s’est développée en France un peu avant la didactique professionnelle. Mais beaucoup de points sont communs, en dépit des différences entre une profession et une discipline. L’analyse de l’activité est essentielle dans les deux cas, comme d’ailleurs celle des processus de conceptualisation. Au-delà des observables, il faut considérer les différentes composantes de la représentation : flux de la conscience, systèmes de signifiants/signifiés, invariants opératoires et schèmes. De cette analyse, il suit que les actes de médiation des enseignants et des formateurs consistent à la fois dans le choix des situations à présenter aux apprenants et dans les aides portant sur les différentes composantes des schèmes.
L’expérience dans les activités de Validation des Acquis de l’Expérience
Authors: Mayen Patrick
Published: April 2021

Cet article examine la notion d’expérience à partir de deux sources : des éléments de revue de littérature consacrée à l’expérience dans les champs de la philosophie, de la psychologie ou des sciences de l’éducation et les résultats issus de travaux de recherche récents consacrés à l’analyse du travail d’acteurs intervenant tout au long du processus de VAE : jurys, accompagnateurs, conseillers des Points Relais Conseil chargés en amont d’information et de conseil auprès des éventuels futurs candidats.
Un programme de technologie de formation centré sur une approche auto-référencée de l’activité
Authors: Durand Marc , Meuwly-Bonte Myriam , Roublot Fabrice
Published: April 2021

Cet article décrit un programme de technologie de la formation, qui s’articule à un programme de recherche empirique sur l’activité humaine dans différents environnements et vise la conception de formation en lien avec cette analyse. Ce programme est basé sur un postulat d’auto-référence et conduit à la mise au premier plan des composantes affective, perceptive et intentionnelle de l’activité, du caractère incorporé de la cognition, et de l’inscription temporelle de l’action. Il a été mis en œuvre dans des domaines variés : formation des enseignants, entraînement de sportifs de haut niveau, accompagnement de cadres en entreprise et de techniciens, formations universitaire et professionnelle à distance, etc. Cinq aspects sont présentés : a) les présupposés théoriques essentiels, b) l’observatoire instrumentant l’analyse de l’activité, c) les principes de conception de formation en lien avec les présupposés théoriques, d) deux cas illustrant ses points clés, e) son développement actuel.
Apprendre pour (et à) capitaliser des connaissances : une étude de cas
Authors: Brassac Christian
Published: April 2021

L’objectif de l’article est de présenter une recherche-action conduite au Commissariat à l’énergie Atomique. Le projet concerne la capitalisation de connaissances dans un cas concret : le départ à la retraite d’un ingénieur expert. Plus précisément il s’agit de faire en sorte que son suivant acquière tout ou partie de ses savoirs relativement à la maintenance d’un accélérateur de particules. Nous y prônons une approche des processus d’apprentissage qui s’inscrit dans une praxéologie de la conduite humaine, dans une optique prônant un “knowing as a practice” plutôt qu’un “knowledge as a possession”, dans une vision externaliste de la cognition. La méthodologie proposée va au delà de l’interview ayant pour but la « collection de dires » à propos d’une activité. Le dispositif utilisé permet en effet au Connaissant, et à son successeur, l’Apprenant, de construire conjointement des formes signifiantes qui ont vocation à être utilisées et appropriées par ce dernier dans l’après-coup de l’interaction ; interaction se déroulant pour partie en prise directe avec le contexte technico-matériel. Le projet contribue ainsi à la réflexion théorique relative aux processus d’apprentissages professionnels. L’article fournit un exemple de la façon dont des recherches en psychologie sociale de la cognition peuvent contribuer aux travaux relatifs à l’avènement des sociétés du savoir.
L’apprentissage du montage d’un télérupteur en électricité
Authors: Carion Marie-Christine , Dubois Hubert , Pastré Pierre
Published: April 2021

Ce texte porte sur l’analyse de l’apprentissage par de futurs électriciens d’équipement en formation à l’Afpa du montage et du câblage d’un télérupteur. C’est une tâche caractéristique du métier, car pour la première fois les apprenants doivent faire la différence entre circuit de puissance et circuit de commande. L’analyse consiste à identifier les concepts organisateurs caractérisant la structure conceptuelle de cette situation, puis à repérer les difficultés de conceptualisation rencontrées par les stagiaires dans leur apprentissage. On a suivi notamment un stagiaire, Frédéric, aux prises avec une situation qui l’amène à reconfigurer son modèle opératif. D’une manière générale, on a affaire à un type d’apprentissage où on constate un recouvrement entre les classes de situations du champ professionnel, les niveaux de conceptualisation à mettre en œuvre et les difficultés cognitives rencontrées par les apprenants.
La place des valeurs dans le développement professionnel d’étudiants de Master : point de vue des stagiaires et de leurs référents
Authors: Broussal Dominique , Chabridon Mathieu
Published: April 2021

La situation d’alternance vécue par les étudiants d’un Master Professionnel, pris pour objet d’étude, est au coeur de dynamiques identitaires participant à leur développement professionnel. Nous avons cherché dans une perspective exploratoire à montrer en quoi les conflits de valeurs induits par cette situation participaient, au-delà de la dimension identitaire, au développement escompté. Un double regard sur ce questionnement est proposé dans cet article. Celui des référents professionnels tout d’abord, qui ont été interrogés sur le positionnement professionnel des stagiaires. Celui des étudiants ensuite, à travers l’analyse d’écrits rédigés à l’issue des séances de clinique ayant lieu au cours de la formation. Les divergences dégagées sont articulées en conclusion et permettent de proposer un certain nombre de perspectives théoriques ou méthodologiques.
L’accompagnement, outil de formation, posture professionnelle et/ou figure singulière de l’intervention éducative
Authors: Maubant Philippe
Published: April 2021

En réinterrogeant le construit d’intervention éducative, l’article vise à mettre en évidence la fonction de l’accompagnement comme pratique professionnelle dans le contexte spécifique de la formation des enseignants. La réflexion se propose aussi d’analyser l’accompagnant comme acteur singulier ayant pour tâche, avec d’autres intervenants, de créer les conditions de l’apprentissage professionnel de l’enseignant en formation. En situant l’apprentissage professionnel comme un processus situationnel au service d’une double médiation, l’article vise à dessiner une configuration particulière de l’intervention éducative dans le contexte d’une formation des maîtres par alternance.
Mettre en discours des savoirs professionnels : apprentissage ou développement ?
Authors: Vanhulle Sabine
Published: April 2021

Cette contribution porte sur la construction des savoirs professionnels par les futurs enseignants. A travers des dispositifs fondés sur l’écriture comme outil de formation, les étudiants sont incités à articuler divers savoirs de référence pour la profession et les acquis de leurs expériences en milieu de travail (stages). Nos analyses des textes réflexifs s’appuient sur une grille de caractérisation de ces savoirs professionnels formalisés. Elles nous amènent à ce constat : leur construction s’avère malaisée. Elle oscille entre, d’une part, des tentatives de l’étudiant de se montrer adéquat à ce qu’il perçoit des attentes de la formation et de ses formateurs, et d’autre part, l’appropriation de ces contraintes en tant que sources de développement. C’est cette tension entre ce que nous appelons des processus d’apprentissage professionnel adaptatifs et des processus plus autonomes de « subjectivation » des savoirs, que nous problématisons ici. Dans la foulée, nous interrogeons les finalités et les modalités de l’accompagnement dans ces dispositifs.
Développement professionnel. Variations et usages sur Internet
Authors: Guy Daniel , Ortiz Véronique
Published: April 2021

La question de départ interroge les variations et usages observables sur l’Internet du concept de « développement professionnel » dans des productions sociales diverses : chartres d’entreprise, offres de service, programmes de formation, articles de presse, textes réglementaires, communications scientifiques… L’objectif opérationnel est de caractériser les univers de référence sémantique des usages et d’analyser leurs correspondances pour mettre à jour l’acception du concept de développement professionnel et le système personnel – ou collectif - des valeurs donatrices de sens, c’est-à-dire l’ensemble des convictions et des croyances qui sous-tendent les usages sur Internet.
Comment l’enseignant de mathématiques, en classe, met ses élèves sur le chemin des connaissances : un point de vue méthodologique en didactique des mathématiques
Authors: Pariès Monique , Robert Aline , Rogalski Janine
Published: April 2021

Nous présentons un travail méthodologique illustrant l’élaboration et la mise en oeuvre d’indicateurs de différents niveaux pour analyser comment les enseignants de mathématiques mettent, en classe, les élèves sur le chemin des connaissances (au collège et lycée). Ces indicateurs interviennent dans des analyses de transcriptions de discours tenus en classe par les enseignants. Il s’agit de reconstituer les activités possibles des élèves à partir des tâches proposées et des déroulements organisés par l’enseignant. C’est dans un double mouvement de conversion, entre théorie et observables, que s’élaborent ces indicateurs : ils doivent donner accès, à partir des données, aux dimensions retenues pour caractériser les activités des élèves en relation avec leurs apprentissages éventuels ultérieurs. Après avoir précisé l’inscription de nos recherches dans la théorie de l’Activité et délimité notre étude, nous exposons notre méthodologie en toute généralité. Nous illustrons le détail de la mise en oeuvre sur un exemple. Enfin nous discutons du transfert éventuel de cette méthodologie pour l’étude de l’activité didactique des formateurs en formation professionnelle.