bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparison of standard test methods for determining the laboratory effectiveness of oil spill dispersants: their benefits and drawbacks
Authors: Osipov K. , Mokochunina T. V. , Panyukova D. I. , Trukhina M. V. , Maryutina T. A.
Published: January 2021

A comparison of two standard test methods for determining the laboratory effectiveness of oil spill dispersants — ASTM F2059-17 «Standard Test Method for Laboratory Oil Spill Dispersant Effectiveness Using the Swirling Flask» and ASTM F3251-17 «Standard Test Method for Laboratory Oil Spill Dispersant Effectiveness Using the Baffled Flask» — is presented in this article. It is underlined that ASTM F2059-17 and ASTM F3251-17 are almost identical from the methodological and technical points of view. The main differences lie in specific design features of the applied test vessels and mixing energies created inside them. It is reasonably established that ASTM F2059-17 can be defined as a low-energy, but ASTM F3251-17 — as a high-energy laboratory test method. The specific examples of application of the test methods for determining the effectiveness of commercially available dispersants are given. It is also concluded that both test methods are necessary to apply for a correct understanding of the dispersant effectiveness. Herewith, the results obtained according to ASTM F2059-17 should be conditionally considered as the lower limit and those according to ASTM F3251-17 — the upper limit of effectiveness of the dispersant. Moreover, the use of gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) is emphasized to be sometimes impossible as a recommended in both ASTM F2059-17 and ASTM F3251-17 method for analyzing the oil extracts obtained during the test. The UV spectrophotometry is proposed instead of GC-FID as an alternative. However, its application is possible only after mandatory optimization of the measurement parameters for each specific oil.
Optimization of the geometry of specimens with transversal groove for materials with initial anisotropy
Authors: Eliseev V. V. , Khlivnenko L. V. , Goltsev A. M.
Published: January 2021

The goal of the study is determination of the optimal geometric dimensions of rectangular anisotropic specimens with a transverse groove when tested for uniaxial tension under conditions close to plane deformation. A test scheme in which the shear fracture mechanism is implemented in the center of the groove under conditions of plane deformation is presented. The optimal geometric dimensions of the specimen (namely, the depth, width and length of the transversal groove) were determined proceeding from numerical simulation of the experiment in the ABAQUS software package in the Explicit mode. It is shown that the initial anisotropy of the material significantly affects the deformed state in the groove. The larger the ratio of the Lankford coefficients along the rolling direction and across this direction, the closer the deformed state in the groove to the plane deformation. It is also shown that change in the geometry of the specimen with a transverse groove can provide better results in implementation of the plane deformation in the region of specimen fracture. The value of the parameter of the deformed state approaches zero when the thickness and width of the groove decrease, as well as when the width of the specimen increases. It is shown that the possibility of forming plane deformation in the groove due to the choice of specimen geometry is limited from above for any initial anisotropy. A moment of «saturation» is observed, at which the ratio of principal strains in the center of the groove does not go any further to zero despite further change in the geometry. A table of geometric dimensions of rectangular specimens with a transverse groove recommended for tensile testing under conditions of plane deformation for all types of anisotropic and isotropic sheet materials is presented.
Construction of passport static characteristics of the system using the interval approach
Authors: Skibitskiy N. V.
Published: January 2021

An approach to constructing direct and inverse static characteristics of the system is considered proceeding from the experimental data obtained using a traditional «black box» concept, whereby the results of the experiment containing measured input and output values are used which, in practice, are determined with errors. The presence of various sources and trigger interference factors leads to a significant distortion of the error estimates and the formation of an inadequate conversion response. A crucially different character of the impact on the measurement results can be observed taking into account the type and sources of errors upon formation of the static characteristics and developing a model of noise arising upon measurements in actual operation conditions and during the experiment. However, analysis of the existing method based on a statistical approach and used for determining the error of the object model revealed a number of shortcomings: focusing mainly on the random components of errors and complexity of taking into account non-statistical information, including a priori information about the systematic errors, round-off and sampling errors, and the errors of the measurement system used in upon developing a model of the system. The statistical approach does not provide theoretical substantiation of the solution of the problem of the inverse static characteristic of the system which is relevant for many applications. Moreover, the fact that the interference models under experimental and real operation conditions have different sources and are generated by different factors is ignored in the framework of the statistical approach, which can lead to a significant distortion of the error estimates of the system model and to the formation of an inadequate direct and inverse transformation characteristics. We propose to eliminate the aforementioned shortcomings using the interval approach. The problem of developing a new method for constructing the passport characteristic of the inverse static function of a system is solved on the basis of a two-stage procedure of the experimental design. A new method based on the interval approach has been developed in which the problem of constructing the inverse static characteristic of the system and the problem of determining the error of the measurement system are solved separately using different types of active experiment. The boundaries of the uncertainty interval of the measurement system are defined in the general case by spline-functions. A concept of the operating range of the system, which does not coincide with the range of changes of the measured value in an active experiment, is introduced. It is shown that outside the operating range the system error sharply increases and becomes asymmetric with respect to the inverse static characteristic.
Actinobacterias de la rizosfera del aguacate: actividad antagónica contra Colletotrichum gloeosporioides y Xanthomonas sp.
Authors: Trinidad-Cruz Jesús Rafael , Rincón-Enríquez Gabriel , Evangelista-Martínez Zahaed , Guízar-González Cecilia , Enríquez-Vara Jhony Navat , López-Pérez Luis , Quiñones-Aguilar Evangelina Esmeralda
Published: January 2021

Las actinobacterias de la rizosfera de cultivos agrícolas son una fuente potencial de antagonistas contra microorganismos f itopatógenos. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la actividad antagónica in vitro de actinobacterias de la rizosfera de árboles de aguacate (Persea americana) contra Colletotrichum gloeosporioides y Xanthomonas sp. Las actinobacterias fueron aisladas de muestras de suelo rizosférico de árboles de aguacate var. Hass colectadas de una huerta en el municipio de Ziracuaretiro, Michoacán. Las cepas aisladas fueron evaluadas contra C. gloeosporioides y Xanthomonas sp. mediante ensayos de confrontación in vitro. La actividad antagónica se determinó midiendo el radio y diámetro de la zona de inhibición del crecimiento de C. gloeosporioides y Xanthomonas sp., respectivamente. Se aislaron un total de 41 cepas de actinobacterias, de las cuales el 44% inhibió el crecimiento de al menos uno de los dos f itopatógenos. En específ ico, el 15% de los aislados inhibió el crecimiento de C. gloeosporioides, el 22% a Xanthomonas sp. y el 7% a ambos f itopatógenos. El radio de inhibición del crecimiento miceliar de C. gloeosporioides fluctuó de entre 6.6 a 15.5 mm, mientras que en Xanthomonas sp. la zona de inhibición fue de entre 15.5 a 62.7 mm. Estos resultados indican la importancia de las actinobacterias de la rizosfera como antagonistas de microorganismos f itopatógenos, algunas de las cuales podrían ser utilizadas como potenciales agentes de control biológico contra la antracnosis y la mancha bacteriana.
Vocabulary Acquisition in First Language: Can This Be Categorized Under Any Universal Developmental Stages?
Authors: Сікдер Шафіназ
Published: January 2021

This researched based case study has been conducted to investigate the fact that whether first language acquisition process in case of vocabulary (acquiring word meanings) follows some certain sequential stages despite of specific learners and their particular contexts. That is to say, to challenge the existing idea of having universal developmental patterns in case of vocabulary acquisition which tries to bring all the unique learners under one single umbrella, this study was conducted on an individual to observe whether and to what extent the child is following or conforming up to any idealistic standard of acquiring vocabulary. Therefore the study had some pre-determined questions set which was ask to the randomly selected child within an informal context (her play time). Interestingly, the study results which were analyzed both qualitatively and quantifiably with support of secondary literatures revealed that the child is not following any particular patterns of development at a time.  Rather is developing word meanings by following some random sequences. That is to say, she has developed some features of word meanings which she should have acquired in some later stages (after a particular age) according to the claim of many researchers. On the other hand, she has not yet acquired features which she should have acquired already. Therefore it can be concluded that a child’s first language vocabulary acquisition process (especially acquisition of word meanings) cannot be made generalized under some certain or principled patterns or rules. This is because every learning process is unique since every individual learner is unique.

References

Cruttenden, Alan. (1985). Language in Infancy and Childhood: A Linguistics Introductionto Language Acquisition. Manchester, Manchester University Press.

Dodd, H. David & Tomikawa, A. Sandra (1980). Early Word Meanings: Perceptually orFunctionally Based? Child Development, 51 (4), 1103–1109. Retrieved from:http://www.jstor.org/stable/1129550

Mace-Matluck, J. Betty. (1979). Order of Acquisition: Same or Different in First- andSecond-Language Learning? The Reading Teacher, 32 (6), 696–703. Retrieved from:http://www.jstor.org/stable/20194855.

Miller, A. George (1978). The Acquisition of Word Meaning. Child Development, 49 (4),999-1004. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1128739

Ritgerd, B. A. (2014). First Language Acquisition: The Rate and Style of VocabularyGrowth in the First Years. Haskoli Islands, 1–26. Retrieved from:http://skemman.is/stream/get/1946/17417/40471/1/BA_Essay.pdf

Scovel, Thomas. (2004). Psycholinguistics (5th ed.). New York, NY: Oxford UniversityPress

Smith, D. Michael. (1978). The Acquisition of Word Meaning: An Introduction. ChildDevelopment, 49(4), 950–952. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/11287338. You, Yunjung. (2011). Factors in Vocabulary Acquisition through Reading. ITJ, 8, 43–57Retrieved from: http: //15524-21995-1-PB.pdf
Estudio de Validación de la Escala de Resiliencia de Connor-Davidson de 10- ítems entre Estudiantes de Medicina y Psicología Mexicanos
Authors: Daniel-González Leopoldo , García Cadena Cirilo Humberto , Valle de la O Adrián , Caycho-Rodriguez Tomás , Martinez-Gómez Enrique
Published: January 2021

The factorial structure, reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, as well as factorial invariance of the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) were determined. The sample was composed of 330 students (174 medical students and 156 psychology students) with a mean age of 20.20 years (SD = 2.33). The results obtained con-firm the unidimensional structure of the scale (χ2/df = 3.06, GFI = .93, CFI = .92, NFI = .90, TLI = .92, RMSEA = .08, and SRMR = .04), the factorial in-variance with respect to career, and good internal consistency (ω = .85 and α = .85). A statistically significant difference in the level of resilience bet-ween medical students (M = 20.64, SD = 4.48) and psychology students (M = 20.27, SD = 4.51) was found [t(281) = 2.65, p = .009, d = .20]. Evidence of convergent and discriminant validity of CD-RISC-10 with happiness and perceived stress was obtai-ned. It is concluded that CD-RISC-10 shows adequate psychometric properties to measure resi-lience in Mexican university students
Valoración de acciones objetales y simbólicas en niños preescolares con problemas en el desarrollo
Authors: Borges Camila , Solovieva Yulia
Published: January 2021

Desde la psicología histórico-cultural se reconoce que la actividad rectora de la edad preescolar es el juego, que se introduce desde el plano cultural y pasa por distintos niveles de adquisición. Sin embargo, en la literatura existen pocos estudios acerca de la valoración y caracterización de acciones de juego en niños preescolares con problemas en el desarrollo. Por esta razón, en este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio dirigido a la valoración de las acciones objetales y simbólicas en el juego de niños preescolares con problemas de desarrollo. Los datos fueron obtenidos por medio del análisis del juego libre y dirigido, en dos momentos de tiempo, al inicio y fin de un ciclo escolar. Los resultados permiten concluir que hubo mejorías en la realización de las acciones objetales y simbólicas en las condiciones de colaboración dirigida por parte del adulto en comparación de las acciones independientes del niño. Se discute el concepto de la zona del desarrollo próximo y la importancia de elaboración de métodos efectivos para corrección y desarrollo.
Capital intelectual y su relación con la innovación: una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Nahuat Román Bernardo , Ochoa Hernández Magda Lizet
Published: January 2021

El estudio de la relación capital intelectual (CI) e innovación ha estado evolucionando de forma dinámica los últimos años, por su importancia en las organizaciones se hace necesario un análisis integral a profundidad que muestre sus tendencias, así como sus principales hallazgos. Por lo cual, este trabajo tiene como propósito abordar este vacío mediante una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura del año 2016 al año 2019. Los resultados muestran que existen países como China y España donde el estudio del fenómeno se ha focalizado y en sentido inverso, el continente africano ha permanecido prácticamente ignorado. Los estudios se han diseminado en función de las propuestas y conceptos de CI e innovación tanto clásicos como contemporáneos tomando como escenario favorito la industria manufacturera. Aunque el grueso de las evidencias muestra al CI estrechamente relacionado con la innovación no se puede ser concluyente por las discrepancias y lagunas en el conocimiento existentes.
أسطورة أوديب وأثرها في التراث القصصي الشعبي
Authors: الرفاعي حصة السيد زيد
Published: January 2021

تتناول هذه الورقة إحدى أشهر القصص في الحضارة الغربية. وترجع شهرتها بالمقام الأول، إلى مسرحية سوفوكلس " الملك أوديب ". وتتحدث القصة عن زوجين ملكيين عرفا أن طفلهما المتوقع، حينما يبلغ مرحلة الرجولة، سوف يقتل أباه، ويتزوج أمه. وبناء على ذلك قاما باستبعاد المولود. وتتحقق النبوءة، وحين تعرف الأم السر المخيف، تنتحر، ويفقأ أوديب عينيه. لقد صيغت حول هذه القصة نظريات كثيرة، في حقول معرفية مختلفة. على سبيل المثال في الدراسات الكلاسيكية، والأدب المقارن، والعلوم الطبيعية، وعلم النفس، وعلم الأنثروبولوجيا، وعلم اللغة، وعلم الفولكلور. وعد بعض العلماء القصة أسطورة، على حين نظر آخرون إليها على أنها خرافة، ولكن فقط علماء الفولكلور عرفوا بوجود حكايات تروى بصورة شفهية، وهي موازية لأسطورة أوديب. وبناء على ذلك فإن غاية هذا البحث الأساسية هي مقارنة الحكاية الإغريقية مع مثيلاتها في التراث الشعبي. ولكي يتحقق ذلك ينبغي على الدارس أن يميز بين نوعين من الحكايات، أحدهما النص الذي ورد في كتاب أرن- تومبسون، طراز 931. وكذلك في الطرز الأخرى التي اشتملت على جزئية من حكاية أوديب. ويرجح الدارسون أن النوع الثاني من طرز الحكايات ربما يشكل إبداعا مستقلا.
التحليل السيميائي للمقامة الحُلْوانِية لبديع الزمان الهمذاني
Authors: بواجلابن الحسن
Published: January 2021

يستهدف هذا البحث تحليل المقامة الحُلْوانية لبديع الزمان الهمذاني تحليلًا سيميائيًّا، وذلك اعتمادًا على نظرية السيميائيات السردية: النموذج العاملي، لهذا صغتُ الإشكالية: إلى أي حد سَتُمكّنني دراسة نص سردي من تَعَرّف تمفصل النص؟ ولهذه الغاية قدمتُ نظرية السيميائيات السردية لـ"غريماس". وانصب التحليل على الشخصيات: وظائفها وخصائصها، والخطاطة السردية، والبرنامج السردي، والسردية، والعامل. وبعد التحليل، تأكّدتُ من نجاعة المنهج السيميائي، ومن اعتباره مدخلًا من أهم المداخل لتحليل السرد العربي، قديمه وحديثه.
الشباب الأردني وانتهاك خصوصية الآخرين باستخدام شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي والتطبيقات الرقمية
Authors: صفوري أمجد عمر
Published: January 2021

تعد شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي والتطبيقات الرقمية مثل الفيس بوك واليوتيوب وتطبيق الواتساب مصدرًا رئيسًا في الوقت الراهن للتعرف على أبرز الأحداث ونشر المعلومات، أو إعادة نشرها. وتعتبر إشكالية الحفاظ على خصوصية الأفراد من القضايا النقاشية في الوقت الراهن، خاصة في ظل التطور التقني ومحاولة تقنين استخدام هذه المواقع في بعض الدول. ولذلك، هدف البحث إلى التعرف على دوافع انتهاك خصوصية الآخرين باستخدام شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي والتطبيقات الرقمية، ومواقف الشباب الأردني نحوها. ولتحقيق هدف البحث اعتمد المنهج الوصفي المسحي؛ نظرًا لملاءمته لطبيعة البحث وأهدافه فتكونت العينة من (680) طالبًا وطالبة من جامعات حكومية وخاصة في الأردن، تم اختيارهم عشوائيًّا من المجتمع لتعبئة الاستمارة الإلكترونية. ومن أبرز النتائج التي توصل إليها البحث: 1-بعض أفراد العينة قد مورس بحقهم انتهاك لخصوصيتهم باستخدام شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي أو التطبيقات الرقمية.2-تركزت دوافع الانتهاك بحقهم بين الإساءة للآخرين بقصد تشويه السمعة، ثم قلة الوازع الديني والأخلاقي، ثم الابتزاز المادي والتسلية. 3-أكثر الأساليب التي تم استخدامها في انتهاك الخصوصية تمثلت في استخدام الصور الشخصية 50.3%. 4- ارتفاع نسبة متابعة الشبكات الاجتماعية بين الشباب الجامعي الأردني بنسبة 89.3%. 5-أن ثلث أفراد العينة يتابعون المواقع الاجتماعية من باب تقليدهم للجماعات التي ينتمون إليها. وأوصى البحث بضرورة تفعيل القوانين التي تعاقب المنتهكين، والاهتمام بنشر مفاهيم التربية الإعلامية، وكيفية استخدام الإنترنت ومواقعه وتطبيقاته بصورة أمثل.
Virtual Learning and the Role of Liaison Librarians in STEM Academic Programs
Authors: Sayekti Retno
Published: January 2021

This viewpoint aims to present the important role of liaison librarians and their relationship with teaching staff in STEM academic programs. The work provides a detailed explanation of the role of the four components of liaison librarians in the STEM higher education environment, each with the best practice proposed. The closing remarks emphasize the importance of liaison librarians, which are absent in academic libraries in most nations of the world, but in this case especially in Indonesia.
Addressing Official Misconduct
Authors: Drummond Clayton B. , Mills Mai Naito
Published: January 2021

Currently, the National Registry of Exonerations (NRE) states that official misconduct has been a contributing factor in 1,404 of 2,601 exonerations. The term “official” includes criminal justice professionals such as prosecutors, judicial officials, and law enforcement. Analyzing official misconduct and inadequate legal defense cases in the NRE, the goal of this article is to identify (1) officials who commit misconduct in murder exonerations, (2) types of misconduct conducted, and (3) impact on race of the exoneree. The findings of the study indicated that police and prosecutors committed more acts of misconduct than the number of exonerees included in the study. Additionally, African American exonerees were found to be disproportionately victimized by official misconduct. Policy implications and future research provide insight on how the findings reinforce calls for social justice and police accountability in wake of the killing of George Floyd and the shooting of Jacob Blake.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat melalui Pengelolaan Sampah Berbasis Ecovillage di Desa Penebel, Kecamatan Penebel, Kabupaten Tabanan, Bali
Authors: Putri Dewa Ayu Putu Adhiya Garini , Permana Gusi Putu Lestara
Published: January 2021

Desa Penebel merupakan salah satu desa yang berada di Kabupaten Tabanan yang saat ini sedang berupaya untuk mandiri dalam manajemen pengelolaan sampah. Selain untuk menjaga dan melestarikan lingkungan yang bersih dan sehat, manajemen pengelolaan sampah juga dapat memberikan dampak yang positif bagi masyarakat baik dari sisi ekonomi ataupun penataan lingkungan menjadi lebih tertata. Saat ini manajemen pengelolaan sampah terpusat pada area Kantor Desa Penebel, namun karena minimnya sarana dan prasarana penunjang dalam upaya pengelolaan sampah menjadi tidak maksimal. Kegiatan pengelolaan sampah yang berbasis ecovillage ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap pentingnya melakukan pengelolaan sampah dan menjaga kualitas lingkungan yang berkelanjutan di Desa Penebel. Adapun bentuk kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah diskusi dan partisipasi aktif dari masyarakat sekitar dan kelompok masyakarat yang terlibat dalam pengelolaan sampah tersebut. Hasil yang diharapkan adalah masyarakat sasaran lebih memahami metode pengelolaan sampah, baik organik maupun non organik, sehingga nantinya akan masyarakat secara sadar akan melakukan manajemen pengelolaan sampah secara mandiri.
Digital Transformation of Surface Mining and New Generation of Open-Pit Equipment
Authors: Vladimirov D.Ya. , Klebanov A.F. , Kuznetsov I.V.
Published: January 2021

The The paper addresses the issues of designing onboard systems and complex digitalization of open-pit mining equipment. A generalized schematic diagram and composition of the On-Board Robotic Control System for open-pit equipment (OBRCS OPE) are provided. The option of the On-Board Robotic Control System for mining dump trucks (OBRCS MDT) and schematics of the on-board robotic system of the BELAZ dump truck are described in more detail. A layout option is suggested for an autonomous ready dump truck, a modification that meets all the requirements for the digital transformation (DT) generation of dump trucks i.e. the ability to operate as part of the mine fleet management systems and robotic control systems, as well as the availability of modern on-board industrial safety systems and remote diagnostics. The DT Generation of mining equipment will allow mining companies to achieve the up-to-date level in digital transformation of surface mining operations and will cut the amount of investments required in upgrading the mining transport system.
Análisis de confiabilidad y validez del Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida, Satisfacción y placer (Q-LES-Q) en trabajadores de Salud Pública
Authors: Hauser María Paz , Garcia Horacio Daniel , Leporatti Jorge
Published: January 2021

El Cuestionario sobre calidad de vida: satisfacción y placer (Q-LES-Q) (Endicott, Harrison & Blumenthal, 1993; WHOQOL Group, 1995), ampliamente utilizado y reconocido por la comunidad científica, no ha sido revisado en población en Argentina. Por tal motivo este estudio se orientó a determinar la confiabilidad y validez de siete subescalas. Se trabajó con una muestra probabilística de 497 trabajadores de Salud pública ( 38 años; S 9,48). Los resultados señalaron índices de consistencia interna adecuados; por medio del análisis de componentes principales se detectaron algunas subescalas con estructura multifactorial, en tanto otras conservaron su estructura original. Por medio de rotación Oblimin se obtuvo una distribución de ítems coherente con los constructos teóricos, por lo que se concluyó que su uso en esta población sería pertinente
Analisis Artefak Besi dari Beberapa Daerah di Indonesia
Authors: Prijono Sudarti
Published: January 2021

Temuan benda-benda logam dari masa lalu, tersebar di beberapa daerah di Indonesia. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa masyarakat di beberapa daerah tersebut telah mengenal logam dan mungkin juga telah mengenal cara pengolahannya. Artefak besi baik dalam bentuk kerak maupun fragmen alat, merupakan sisa-sisa hasil teknologi masa lalu yang menarik untuk dipelajari secara lebih mendalam.
Penelitian Arkeologi Indonesia Pasca UU Nomor 5 Tahun 1992
Authors: Kusumohartono Bugie
Published: January 2021

Sampai pertengahan dasawarsa yang lalu, penelitian arkeologi masih didominasi oleh model-model pemikiran sarjana asing sebelumnya. Model pemikiran tersebut dicirikan oleh orientasi pemikiran (hanya) pada tinggalan masa lampau yang dikaji. Pada model ini para peneliti berangkat dari tinggalan masa lampau, yang melalui pekerjaan klasifikasi dan analisis akan sampai pada interpretasi tentang peran (makna, fungsi, teknologi) benda yang bersangkutan pada masa lampau. Bahkan seringkali hasil-hasil kajian tersebut hanya berhenti pada tingkat klasifikasi dan analisis saja, tanpa interpretasi sama sekali.
Isquemia crítica de miembros inferiores en paciente joven: presentación atípica del síndrome de atrapamiento poplíteo
Authors: Rodriguez-Padilla Javier , Carrascosa Mirón Teresa
Published: January 2021

Introducción. El síndrome de atrapamiento poplíteo es una entidad infrecuente, cuya incidencia oscila entre 0,17 y 3,5 %, representando una de las principales causas de isquemia en miembros inferiores en adultos jóvenes. Suele manifestarse con claudicación intermitente (69 %) o isquemia aguda (26 %), siendo muy rara su presentación con isquemia crítica de miembros inferioresCaso clínico. Paciente de 30 años quien presentó úlcera subungueal en primer dedo de pie derecho con dolor intenso. En la exploración física no se palpaban pulsos distales y se observó palidez cutánea intensa y frialdad. Se realizó arteriografía donde se observó defecto de repleción de bordes regulares y desplazamiento medial de la arteria poplítea. La resonancia magnética mostró una inserción anómala del gastrocnemio medial, con lo que se hizo diagnóstico de síndrome de atrapamiento poplíteo tipo I. Mediante abordaje posterior se realizó reconstrucción vascular con injerto venoso y sección tendinosa del gastrocnemio medial. En el postoperatorio inmediato el paciente recupera pulso pedio y en el seguimiento a un año el paciente no presenta clínica de isquemia de miembros inferiores, encontrándose el baipás permeable. Discusión. A pesar de su baja incidencia, es importante incluir el síndrome de atrapamiento poplíteo en eldiagnóstico diferencial de isquemia en miembros inferiores en adultos jóvenes. Su presentación con isquemia crítica es excepcional, encontrando muy pocos casos publicados en la literatura. La reconstrucción arterial precoz mediante injerto o plastia con material autólogo constituye el tratamiento de elección.
Inestabilidad microsatelital y cáncer gástrico
Authors: Negrete-Tobar Gabriela , González-Motta Alejandro , Messa-Botero Oscar Alberto , Galvis Juan Carlos , Garciandía Rozo Isabella , Álvarez Martínez Juan Sebastián , Pineda Ortega Juliana , Londoño de Vivero Natalia , Bruges Maya Ricardo
Published: January 2021

La inestabilidad microsatelital es causada por una alteración de los sistemas de reparación de apareamientoincorrecto, que puede afectar los microsatélites dentro de todo el genoma humano, produciendo errores en su replicación. Los estudios publicados, principalmente en la literatura inglesa, han encontrado que algunos tumores, como los gástricos, pueden expresar inestabilidad microsatelital. En la siguiente revisión de tema, se presenta una descripción de los sistemas de reparación de apareamientos incorrectos y su relación con la presencia de inestabilidad microsatelital en los tumores gástricos, así como su posible utilidad clínica, como factor asociado en la respuesta al tratamiento con inmunoterapia en los pacientes con dicha patología.
Mortalidad perioperatoria y volumen quirúrgico de colecistectomías en el régimen contributivo en Colombia
Authors: Escalante Arbeláez Daniela , Bernal Gutiérrez Marcela , Buitrago Gutiérrez Giancarlo
Published: January 2021

Introducción. La patología biliar es una causa frecuente de intervención quirúrgica, Pero en Colombia no se cuenta con datos oficiales de mortalidad ni volumen quirúrgico asociados a este procedimiento.

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el volumen de colecistectomías y describir la tasa general de mortalidad perioperatoria en seis regiones geográficas del país, en el periodo de 2012 a 2016.

Métodos. Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo que incluyó pacientes mayores de 18 años, afiliados al régimen contributivo de salud, llevados a colecistectomía. Se utilizó la base de datos de suficiencia de la Unidad de Pago por Capitación (UPC), la base de estadísticas vitales del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE) y la del Sistema Integrado de Información de la Protección Social (SISPRO).

Resultados. Durante el periodo de estudio, se realizaron 192.080 colecistectomías, lo que corresponde a 206 colecistectomías por 100.000 habitantes. Se encontró mayor volumen quirúrgico en personas entre los 65 y 80 años, en el sexo femenino y en la ciudad de Bogotá. La mortalidad perioperatoria encontrada correspondió al 0,6 %, siendo mayor en los pacientes de sexo masculino, de edad avanzada, en aquellos en quienes se practicó laparotomía y en los pacientes operados en la ciudad de Bogotá.

Discusión. De acuerdo con los hallazgos, esta investigación puede servir de base para estudios posteriores, que muestren claramente las cifras oficiales de volumen quirúrgico y de mortalidad por colecistectomía en Colombia.
Músicas e sons que ecoam pelas ruas da cidade:
Authors: Pereira Simone Luci , Rett Lucimara , Bezerra Priscila Miranda
Published: January 2021

Este artigo apresenta alguns resultados de uma investigação sobre práticas musicais presentes no evento “Paulista Aberta” que ocorre aos domingos e feriados na Avenida Paulista/São Paulo. Usamos uma metodologia de inspiração etnográfica (derivas, observação, entrevistas e registros audiovisuais) e o caminhar como prática estética e política. Tensionamos a dicotomia espaços públicos/privados atentando para a lógica dos usos que são feitos das ruas e da música no contexto paulistano articuladas aos aspectos partilhados e dissensuais das sonoridades e dos territórios sonoros, analisando alguns dados empíricos das materialidades que envolvem estas práticas musicais no evento em questão.
Pentingnya Teknologi bagi Guru pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Asiba Widya Pratisca
Published: January 2021

Sangat mustahil rasanya, bila suatu individu maupun kelompok tidak pernah mengalami perkembangan. Perkembangan merupakan satu perubahan yang terjadi dari waktu ke waktu dan biasanya lebih mendekati ke arah yang lebih maju. Pada masing-masing negara di belahan dunia, sudah banyak mengalami perkembangan di berbagai bidang, tidak terkecuali pada bidang teknologi. Kita ketahui bahwa teknologi pada dunia pendidikan dari zaman ke zaman sangat mengalami perubahan, seperti pada media belajar yang digunakan zaman dulu sangatlah manual, yaitu kapur dan papan tulis hitam. Berbeda halnya dengan zaman sekarang, sudah menggunakan media belajar seperti laptop dan proyektor yang terkesan canggih. Selain itu, sumber belajar yang diperoleh pada zaman dulu, peserta didik harus rajin membaca buku dan lain sebagainya. Namun, zaman sekarang dapat menemukan sumber belajar hanya melalui artikel dan video-video pembelajaran yang tersebar luas di internet. Sudah jelas, bahwa sebagian besar peserta didik pada zaman sekarang telah menguasai teknologi sebagai sumber belajar. Tetapi, peran guru yang lebih paham dalam menggunakan teknologi juga sangat dibutuhkan, agar dapat membimbing siswa-siswanya. Apalagi, seluruh dunia sedang mengalami pandemi covid-19 yang sangat berbahaya. Suka atau tidak suka, seluruh sekolah ditutup sementara untuk menghentikan penyebaran covid 19 dan menghimbau menggunakan model pembelajaran daring. Saat itulah, teknologi semakin menjadi kebutuhan primer bagi peserta didik maupun guru.
INOVASI PENDIDIKAN
Authors: ikhsan muhammad arif
Published: January 2021

Pengantar Guru mempunyai peran penting dalam dunia pendidikan seiring dengan berkembangnya zaman dan teknologi. . Guru sosok pemimpin pembelajaran (Instruksional Gkader) di sekolah. Sebagai pemimpin pembelajaran ia mempunyai tanggung jawab penuh atas keberadaan pembelajaran yang dilakukan. Ia mesti mampu mendesain, menjalankan, dan tentu saja praktek pembelajarannya secara efektif. Bahkan, ia bertanggung jawab agar pembelajaran mampu mendorong siswanya dalam "kegilaan- kegilaan" belajar sehingga akhirnya mereka menjadi pembelajar sepanjang hayat. Tentu saja “kegilaan" belajar semacam itu hanya mungkin ada guru manakala memahami apa yang terjadi mau mengajar, bagaimana para siswa belajar, dan kebutuhan para siswa dalam belajar serta bagaimana guru itu sendiri mengajar.
Breakpoint cluster region (BCR) is a differentially expressed gene in human metastatic breast cancer, in the brain and in the lymph nodes.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: January 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that breakpoint cluster region, encoded by BCR, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain and lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer. BCR mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of BCR in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient recurrence-free survival in patients with breast cancer. Modulation of BCR expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain while evading immune clearance in the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. These data are one piece of evidence suggesting a common ancestor or tumor clone for brain and lymph node metastases that originate from the primary tumor, alluding to patterns in developmental origin and migratory pathways through the lymph node in human brain metastatic breast cancer.
دور المرأة الخورية(الميتانية) في ممالك الشرق الادنى القديم
Authors: ahmed reber jaafar
Published: January 2021

الخلاصة:كانت للمرأة بشكل عام والمرأة الخورية الميتانية بشكل خاص حضور قوي ومهم على مسرح الاحداث التاريخية لممالك الشرق الادنى القديم، ولاسيما مملكتي المصرية والحيثية، حيث برزت دورهم في مجالات عدة كالادارة والعلاقات الدبلوماسية والسياسة الداخلية وكذلك الجانب الديني. إذ لم تكن مجرد زوجات الملوك بقدر ما كانوا بمثابة الملوك أنفسهم. حيث كانت تأثيرهم واضحةً على قرارات وأوامر الملوك في السياسة الداخلية وحتى الخارجية في بعض الاحيان.إتسمت المرأة الخورية الميتانية ولا سيما تادوخيبا (نفرتيتي) في المملكة المصرية، وبودوخيبا في المملكة الحيثية بفطنة ودهاء سياسي في إدارة البلاط والقصر الملكي، بحيث أداروا شؤون المملكة بعد وافاة أزواجهن، دون حدوث فوضى أو اضطرابات في البلاد.يعد العلاقات الدبلوماسية بين ممالك الشرق الادنى القديم، وما أعقبها من مصاهرات سياسية إحدى أسباب بروز الاميرات الخوريات الميتانيات، من خلال تزويجهن بملوك تلك الممالك، وبالتالي بروزهم على مسرح الاحداث في الالف الثاني قبل الميلاد. Abstract The woman in general and the Hurrians Mitanni woman in particular, had a strong and important presence on the historical events of the ancient kingdoms of the Near East, especially the Egyptian and Hittite kingdoms, Where their role emerged in several areas such as administration, diplomatic relations and internal politics as well as the religious aspect. As they were not just the wives of kings as much as the kings themselves, where their influence was clear on the decisions and orders of the kings In domestic politics, and sometimes enen external politics. The Mitanni Hurrains woman, especially Nefertiti in the Egyptian kingdom, and Bodokheba in the Hittite kingdom were distinguished by political acumen and wit in the administration of the court and the royal palace, so that they ran the kingdoms affairs after the death of their husbands without chaos or turmoil in the country. The diplomatic relations between the kingdom of the ancient Near East, and what followed it from the political marriage, is one of the reasons for the emergence of the Mitanni princesses, through their marriage to the kings of those kingdoms and thus their emergence on the scene of events in the second millennium B.C.
Learn the operating system material and understand deepening of existing material
Authors: PRATAMA ILHAM FITRA
Published: January 2021

Suatu sistem operasi modern merupakan suatu sistem yang besar dan kompleks sehingga strukturnya harus dirancang dengan hati-hati dan saksama supaya dapat berfungsi seperti yang diinginkan serta dapat dimodifikasi dengan mudah.Struktur sistem operasi merupakan komponen-komponen sistem operasi yang dihubungkan dan dibentuk di dalam kernel.
UAS TUGAS PAK HERI SUSANTO Literatur Riview Tarunuwo Pidian Liberius A2
Authors: L Tarunuwo Pidian
Published: January 2021

Studi yang ada menunjukkan bahwa minat siswa yang tumbuh dalam belajar sejarah harus dimotivasi dengan menyelidiki masalah yang mereka hadapi melalui pemikiran sejarah yang ditafsirkan dengan berbagai perspektif. , pemikiran sejarah menekankan pada sikap kritis terhadap fakta, mensintesis, menafsirkan, merefleksikan, dan mengaitkan peristiwa terkini dengan masa lalu.
Pentingnya Peran Orangtua Dalam Pendidikan Anak
Authors: Dwiyanti Tasya
Published: January 2021

Mendidik anak dengan penuh kasih sayang adalah menjadi tanggung jawab orang tua sejak anak lahir hingga dewasa. Terutama pada masa globalisasin saat ini, anak akan dihadapkan banyak tantangan yang dihadapi sehingga diperlukan pribadi yang tangguh dan mempunyai sikap kreatif yang tinggi agar dapat mengatasi tantangan yang semakin beragam tersebut. Karena manusia makhluk sosial, maka ia dituntut memiliki sikap kreatif yang baik agar dapat bersosialisasi dengan lingkungan sekiarnya. (Munjidah, 2009 : 1).
Reaction behavior modeling of metal hydride based on FeTiMn using numerical simulations
Authors: Bedrunka Mario , Bornemann Nils , Steinebach Gerd , Reith Dirk
Published: January 2021

In this contribution, we perform computer simulations to expedite the development of hydrogen storages based on metal hydride. These simulations enable in-depth analysis of the processes within the systems which otherwise could not be achieved. That is, because the determination of crucial process properties require measurement instruments in the setup which are currently not available. Therefore, we investigate the reliability of reaction values that are determined by a design of experiments. Specifically, we first explain our model setup in detail. We define the mathematical terms to obtain insights into the thermal processes and reaction kinetics. We then compare the simulated results to measurements of a 5-gram sample consisting of iron-titanium-manganese (FeTiMn) to obtain the values with the highest agreement with the experimental data. In addition, we improve the model by replacing the commonly used Van’t-Hoff equation by a mathematical expression of the pressure-composition-isotherms (PCI) to calculate the equilibrium pressure. Finally, the parameters’ accuracy is checked in yet another with an existing metal hydride system. The simulated results demonstrate high concordance with experimental data, which advocate the usage of approximated kinetic reaction properties by a design of experiments for further design studies. Furthermore, we are able to determine process parameters like the entropy and enthalpy.
The Replication Crisis in Psychology: An Overview for Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology
Authors: Wiggins Bradford Jay , Christopherson Cody D
Published: January 2021

Psychology is in a replication crisis that has brought about a period of self-reflection and reform. Yet this reform appears in many ways to focus primarily on methodological and statistical practices, with little consideration for the foundational issues that concern many theoretical and philosophical psychologists and that may provide a richer account of the crisis. In this paper we offer an overview of the history of the replication crisis, the critiques and reforms at the heart of the crisis, and several points of intersection between the reform movement and broader theoretical and philosophical issues. We argue that the problems of the replication crisis and the concerns of the reform movement in fact provide various points of entry for theoretical and philosophical psychologists to collaborate with reformers in providing a more deeply philosophical critique and reform.
Treating depression with a smartphone-delivered self-help cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: A parallel-group randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chan Christian Shaunlyn , Wong Christy , Yu Branda Y. M. , Hui Victoria Ka-Ying , Ho Fiona Y. Y. , Cuijpers Pim
Published: January 2021

Background: Despite its efficacy in treating comorbid insomnia and depression, cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is limited in its accessibility and, in many regions, cultural compatibility. Smartphone-based treatments is a low-cost, convenient alternative modality. This study evaluated a self-help smartphone-based CBT-I in alleviating major depression and insomnia.Methods: A parallel-group randomized, waitlist-controlled trial was conducted with 322 adults with major depression and insomnia. Participants were randomized to receive either a 6-week CBT-I via a smartphone application, proACT-S, or waitlist condition. The primary outcomes included depression severity, insomnia severity, and sleep quality. The secondary outcomes included anxiety severity, subjective health, and acceptability of treatment. Assessments were administered at baseline, post-intervention follow up (Week 6), and Week 12 follow-up. The waitlist group received treatment after the first follow-up.Results: Intention to treat analysis was conducted with multilevel modeling. In all but one models, the interaction between treatment condition and the time point at Week 6 follow-up was significant. Compared with the waitlist group, the treatment group had lower levels of depression (CES-D: treatment difference = 0.83, 95% CI [0.58, 1.09]), insomnia (ISI: treatment difference = 0.89, 95% CI [0.64, 1.16]), and anxiety (HADS-A: treatment difference = 0.80, 95% CI [0.55, 1.06]). They also had better sleep quality (PSQI: treatment difference = 0.84, 95% CI [0.58, 1.10]). No differences across any measures were found at Week 12, after the waitlist control group received the treatment. Conclusion: proACT-S is an efficacious sleep-focused self-help treatment for major depression and insomnia.
Transitions in Depression (TRANS-ID) Recovery: Study protocol for a repeated intensive longitudinal n = 1 study design to search for personalized early warning signals of critical transitions towards improvement in depression
Authors: Helmich Marieke A. , Snippe Evelien , Kunkels Yoram Kevin , Riese Harriette , Smit Arnout Christiaan , Wichers M.
Published: January 2021

Aim. The Transitions in Depression (TRANS-ID) Recovery study has gathered intensive longitudinal data in a group of individuals with depression during psychological therapy. The study was designed to gather high-resolution time series to monitor individual change processes in great detail, to allow for personalized predictions of shifts in depressive symptoms. Method. The data collection combined experience sampling methods to assess momentary affect and behavior (five 27-item questionnaires a day, for four months), ambulatory assessment of physical activity and heart rate (continuous, for four months), and depression symptom assessments (weekly for six months, and monthly for the six months thereafter, twelve months total). In addition to a baseline diagnostic interview, baseline questionnaires covered a range of constructs, including overall psychopathology symptoms, medication use, psychological treatment history, alexithymia, life events, quality of life, and chronotype. After the four-month ambulatory assessment period, a personal report of the experience sampling data was given to each participant, and a semi-structured qualitative interview was conducted to evaluate participants’ own retrospective experience of symptom changes during the research period. Conclusion. The TRANS-ID Recovery study procedures and materials are described in detail in this document. The study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of the University Medical Center Groningen (reg. number: NL58848.04.16).
How social learning amplifies moral outrage expression in online social networks
Authors: Brady William J. , McLoughlin Killian Lorcan , Doan Tuan Nguyen , Crockett Molly
Published: January 2021

Moral outrage shapes fundamental aspects of social life and is now widespread in online social networks. Here, we show how social learning processes amplify online moral outrage expressions over time. In two preregistered observational studies on Twitter (7331 users and 12.7 million total tweets) and two preregistered behavioral experiments (N = 240), we find that positive social feedback for outrage expressions increases the likelihood of future outrage expressions, consistent with principles of reinforcement learning. In addition, users conform their outrage expressions to the expressive norms of their social networks, suggesting norm learning also guides online outrage expressions. Norm learning overshadows reinforcement learning when normative information is readily observable: in ideologically extreme networks, where outrage expression is more common, users are less sensitive to social feedback when deciding whether to express outrage. Our findings highlight how platform design interacts with human learning mechanisms to affect moral discourse in digital public spaces.
Inequality in employment trajectories and their socio-economic consequences during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany
Authors: Moehring Katja , Weiland Andreas , Reifenscheid Maximiliane , Naumann Elias , Wenz Alexander , Rettig Tobias , Krieger Ulrich , Fikel Marina , Cornesse Carina , Blom Annelies G.
Published: January 2021

This paper evaluates the inequalities in employment trajectories during the first COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Germany. We assess individual-level panel data collected weekly between 20 March and 25 June (N=2,297), which allows us to examine the risks of short-time work, furlough, and job loss, as well as changes between working on-site and from home. Using sequence analysis, we detect typical patterns of employment trajectories and analyse how these vary between socio-demographic groups. Finally, we relate the types of employment trajectories to changes in income, subjective job security (compared to values in January and February 2020), and COVID-19 infection risks. Our results show clear gradients in employment risks: low-wage workers were severely affected by furlough and job loss, while highly qualified employees were able to work from home. Furthermore, in contrast to previous crises, service sector and female employees were more affected by short-time work; however, its timing and duration differs compared to male workers in manufacturing. Income loss was pronounced among those who became unemployed and those continuously in short-term work, while everybody—including employees continuously working from home—experienced a significant reduction in subjective job security compared to employees whose employment hours or location have not changed. The infection risk was only increased for individuals who changed from furlough to working on-site.