bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benthic foraminifera and brachiopods from a marine cave in Spain: environmental significance
Authors: BERGAMIN LUISA , TADDEI RUGGIERO EMMA , PIERFRANCESCHI GIANCARLO , ANDRES BELEN , CONSTANTINO RICARDO , CROVATO CINZIA , D’AMBROSI ANDREA , MARASSICH ANDREA , ROMANO ELENA
Published: September 2020

Sediment samples from a marine cave in the Murcia region (eastern Spain) were analysed for grain size, total benthic foraminiferaand dead brachiopoda to obtain environmental information through physical and ecological data in order to understandthe benthic communities of cave environments and their ecological significance. A total of 100 foraminiferal and 7 brachiopodspecies were classified, highlighting the first occurrence in the western Mediterranean of Gwynia capsula (Jeffreys, 1859). Statistical analysis applied to foraminiferal data allowed the identification of three assemblages characterised by decreasing species diversity along the cave. This corresponded to a similar separation recognisable through changes in brachiopod species abundance and well-correlated with cave morphology. The relative abundance of epifaunal clinging-attached foraminifera as well as the rate of cave and sciaphilic/coralligenous Brachiopoda, thought to be representative of the degree of separation from marine conditions,were found to be highly correlated, increasing towards the inner cave. Our hypothesis was that despite the different lifestyles ofthese two groups, the strict correlation of environmental factors (i.e. light, nutrients, sediment texture, water parameters) changingalong the length of the cave determines a comprehensive environmental gradient, causing an increase in environmental stress that has similar effects on the different taxonomic groups.
Το πολυετές δημοσιονομικό πλαίσιο 2021-2027 και ο πιθανός αντίκτυπος στις χρηματοδοτικές ροές προς την Ελλάδα
Authors: Τσαπακίδης Χρήστος
Published: September 2020

Following the release of the European Commission’s proposal on the multiannual fi nancial framework 2021-2027, the present paper examines a number ofissues concerning the fi nancial fl ows from the European Union to Greece. First of all, we focus on the theoretical framework that defi nes the process forthe creation and approval of the EU budget. Next, we analyse the most significant points of the Commission’s proposal on the new multiannual fi nancial framework2021-2027. Finally, we examine the proposed fi nancial fl ows to Greece, focusing mainly on the Cohesion Policy and the Common Agricultural Policy, which arethe most important sources of fi nancial infl ows from the EU. This will help us realise if Greece benefi ts or loses from the Commission’s proposal.
Transcutaneous bilirubin level to predict hyperbilirubinemia in preterm neonates
Authors: Rahmawati Dewi , Sampurna Mahendra Tri Arif , Etika Risa , Utomo Martono Tri , Bos Arend F.
Published: September 2020

Background: Hyperbilirubinemia is common in neonates, with higher prevalence among preterm neonates, which can lead to severe hyperbilirubinemia. Assessment of total serum bilirubin (TSB) and the use of a transcutaneous bilirubinometry (TcB) are existing methods that identify and predict hyperbilirubinemia. This study aimed to determine TcB cut-off values during the first day for preterm neonates to predict hyperbilirubinemia at 48 and 72 hours.

Methods: This cohort study was conducted at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital from September 2018 to January 2019 a total of 90 neonates born ≤35 weeks. They were divided into two groups (Group I: 1000-1500 grams; Group II: 1501-2000 grams). The bilirubin levels were measured on the sternum using TcB at the ages of 12, 24, and 72 hours. TSB measurements were taken on the third day or if the TcB level reached phototherapy threshold ± 1.24 mg/dL and if TcB showed abnormal results (Group I: 5.76-8.24 mg/dL; Group II: 8.76-11.24 mg/dL). Hyperbilirubinemia was defined as TSB ≥7 mg/dL for Group I and >10 mg/dL for Group II.

Results: In total, 38 Group I neonates and 48 Group II neonates were observed. Almost half of the neonates in Group I (45%) suffered from hyperbilirubinemia at the age of 48 hours, along with 46% of Group II at 72 hours. The best 24-hour-old TcB cut-off values to predict hyperbilirubinemia at 48 hours were calculated to be 4.5 mg/dL for Group I and 5.8 mg/dL for Group II. The determined 24-hour-old TcB value to predict hyperbilirubinemia at 72 hours was 5.15 mg/dL for Group II.

Conclusion: TcB values in the early days of life can be used as hyperbilirubinemia predictors on the following days for preterm neonates. Close monitoring should be managed for those with TcB values higher than the calculated cut-off values.
Management of economic crises: problems of theory and practice
Authors: Sazhina Muza
Published: September 2020

The monograph reveals the possibility and necessity of managing economic crises based on the analysis of the crisis as a form of movement of market processes. The article shows the virtualization of modern Finance, its separation from real production, its transformation into a self-sufficient element of the economy, the emergence of special financial crises in the global world and their negative impact on the real economy. Materials of modern financial and economic crises in different countries of the world economy are used. Special attention is paid to the specifics of crisis processes in Russia and the formation of their management practices.

It is intended for students and postgraduates of the faculty of public administration of the Lomonosov Moscow state University, as well as anyone interested in the problems of managing modern economic crises.
Optimization Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) of
Bioactive Compound and Antibacterial Potential
from Sea Urchin (Diadema Setosum)
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad , Atthamid Nur Fitriani Usdyana , Indriati Sri , Saleh Rahmawati , Latief Mahyati , Rifai Akhmad
Published: September 2020

Sea urchins can be used in medicine, has potential as a new type of antibiotic to developed in the pharmaceutical field, which is rich in bioactive compounds as a steroid, triterpenoids, saponins, and antioxidant properties. Conventional extraction generally takes a long time, is less environmentally friendly, and potentially triggers bioactive compound damage, so it needs alternative methods such as Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE). The extracting technology, including ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and solvent variation (ethyl acetate and methanol) of bioactive compounds from sea urchin (Diadema setosum) were optimized and compared. The purpose of this study was to study the application of UAE and solvent variation methods for sea urchin extraction from the Barrang Lompo Island in South Sulawesi. Comparing the maceration and ultrasonic assisted extraction methods. Optimization of extraction with UAE was carried out on the variable of extraction duration and type of solvent. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry results show that ultrasound-assisted extraction generally produces compounds of CHOLEST-5-EN-3-OL (3. BETA.), palmitic acid, 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z) -, methyl ester, stearic acid, oleic acid, flavonoids, phenols, pentadecanoic acid and batilol and streoid, which has a function as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-cancer agents and antibacterial. The results showed the best results using ultrasound-assisted extraction with a duration of 30 minutes and using solvent ethyl acetate. These results implied that extracts obtained by sonication showed the highest bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity, thus proving that this activity depends directly on the antibacterial properties.
Determinants of Dietary Diversity among Households in Central River Region South, the Gambia
Authors: Drammeh W. , B. Njie , Hamid N. A. , Rohana A. J.
Published: September 2020

Adequate dietary diversity of households in the rural areas of The Gambia remains a great public health concern. As diets of most households in the rural areas mainly composed of cereal-based grains foods with few animal food products (meat), vegetables and fresh fruits. Household dietary diversity and its determinants in the Central River Region South was not widely studied. This current study intended to determine the household dietary diversity status and its determinants in the study area. A cross-sectional study was conducted among households using dietary diversity questionnaire to assess the household's dietary diversity status, with 24 hours dietary recall period. A total of 334 households with women responsible for preparing meals for the households were selected through a multistage sampling method. SPSS Version 24 was used to analyse the data. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the predictor factors of dietary diversity status of households. Mean dietary diversity score was 4.3 (SD2.28). Overall, 60.2%, 25.4% and 14.4% of households were low, medium and high dietary diversified respectively. Result revealed that household income ≤1387.50 Gambian Dalasis (1 USD = GMD 49) (AOR = 4.57, 95 % CI:1.05,6.83, P = 0.043), without home gardening (AOR = 1.43, 95 % CI: 0.72, 2.88, P = 0.031), farmland (AOR = 2.18, 95 % CI:1.68, 5.11, P = 0.013), women without education (AOR = 1.67, 95 % CI:0.53, 5.22, P = 0.005) and spouses without employment (AOR = 2.20, 95 % CI:1.17, 5.35, P = 0.018) were the predicted risk factors for household dietary diversity status. Household dietary diversity was low in the study area. Monthly income, home gardening, spouses' employment status, ownership of farmland and women's educational status were significantly associated with low dietary diversity. Major interventions that can improve household dietary diversity should be implemented in the study area.
Imaging of the small bowel: a review of current practice
Authors: Peiris Dilane , Wills Mark
Published: September 2020

This article summarises radiological imaging of the small bowel, with an emphasis on Crohn's disease. Different imaging techniques are discussed, including the advantages and disadvantages of each modality, and radiological findings for common small bowel pathologies are described, supplemented with pictorial examples.
Following a new technique for thread insertion
Authors: Mian Irfan
Published: September 2020

Thread lifts are an increasingly prevalent non-surgical procedure. Dr Irfan Mian details a new technique that has promising indications for longer results and improved patient satisfaction, as well as the dangers that needles may bear
Feasibility of phenytoin as a paramedic-led second-line anti-epileptic drug
Authors: Morrison Luke
Published: September 2020

Background:

Convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) is a medical emergency that is commonly encountered in the prehospital setting. In almost all prehospital settings, treatment is limited to benzodiazepines even though the standard of care in emergency departments includes second-line agents such as phenytoin.

Methods:

A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar using the search terms ‘phenytoin’, ‘seizure’ or ‘convulsive’ and ‘prehospital’, ‘EMS’ or ‘ambulance’ or ‘emergency department’. Five articles were analysed and a narrative review formed.

Results:

Phenytoin is an effective and commonly used second-line anti-epileptic agent but there is a distinct lack of evidence on prehospital phenytoin. Phasing the introduction of phenytoin into practice while simultaneously running a well-designed research trial could provide data for prehospital providers and the wider health community.

Conclusion:

Management of CSE will continue to present challenges to prehospital providers. Promoting the introduction of phenytoin to select patients, administered by advanced clinicians, could be an excellent opportunity to generate much-needed clinical data and potentially reduce morbidity and mortality in CSE.
Child public health part 2: prevention and where paramedics contribute
Authors: Robinson Simon
Published: September 2020

The second part of the series on child public health explores the levels of prevention implemented in order to hinder diseases from affecting the lives of children, and how paramedics implement prevention strategies in their practice both in prehospital and primary care settings.
Prehospital thrombolysis for STEMI where PPCI delays are unavoidable
Authors: Lashwood David
Published: September 2020

Background:

Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is the gold standard for treating patients experiencing ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). More than 30 000 patients experience cardiac arrest out of a hospital setting in the UK every year and may be some distance from a PPCI facility.

Aims:

To analyse and consider if a better outcome could be achieved for patients if PPCI was an adjunct to thrombolytic therapy, where delays of ≥60 minutes are inevitable or unavoidable.

Methods:

The current review examined a range of articles, research materials and databases.

Results:

Some studies suggested the use of prehospital thrombolysis while others compared the effectiveness of drug-eluting stents. While the ‘gold standard’ for the treatment of patients experiencing a myocardial infarction is still PPCI, several factors can delay patients from receiving this treatment at an appropriate facility within the recommended time frame.

Conclusion:

Patients may not be able to access PPCI within 60, 90 or 120 minutes for reasons including increasing urbanisation, population growth and NHS hospital funding cuts. If the PPCI unit is some distance away, ambulance crews could start thrombolysis treatment and transmit clinical findings to a specialist cardiologist in the PPCI facility, or stop at a local hospital that could provide thrombolysis.
Health behaviours in ambulance workers
Authors: Hutchinson Lucy Catherine , Forshaw Mark J , Poole Helen
Published: September 2020

Introduction:

Awareness is increasing that health behaviours, which are a part of a person's lifestyle, have significant effects on emotional and physical wellbeing. Ambulance workers are at a higher risk of poorer psychological health outcomes than the general population. This begs the question whether lifestyle could play a role in emotional and physical health outcomes, which is an understudied area in this population. This paper reviews health behaviours in paramedics and assesses the impact they may have on their emotional and physical wellbeing.

Methodology:

PRISMA guidelines were adhered to and seven online bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsychArticles, PsychINFO, Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar) and reference lists of eligible articles were searched. Papers were systematically extracted and selected by title, then by abstract using inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Findings:

The papers included in this review (n=6) cover a range lifestyle factors (physical activity, smoking, alcohol use and sleep) that potentially affect wellbeing outcomes (weight/body mass index and post-traumatic stress symptoms) of ambulance workers across the Western world. They have various limitations.

Conclusion:

Ambulance workers engage in negative health behaviours that have some bearing on their emotional and physical wellbeing. Further research could explore the role of health behaviours and lifestyle in ambulance workers using validated measures. The findings could support the development of an evidence-based, occupation-specific intervention.
A checklist and conservation status of vascular plants in the Limestone forest of Metropolitan Ilocos Norte Watershed Forest Reserve, Northwestern Luzon, Philippines
Authors: Batuyong Mae Ann , CALARAMO MICHAEL A. , ALEJANDRO GRECEBIO JONATHAN D.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Batuyong MAR, Calaramo MA, Alejandro GJD. 2020. A checklist and conservation status of vascular plants in the Limestone forest of Metropolitan Ilocos Norte Watershed Forest Reserve, Northwestern Luzon, Philippines. Biodiversitas 21: 3969-3981. The Metropolitan Ilocos Norte Watershed Forest Reserve (MINWFR) is among the remaining intact limestone formations and a critical protected area in Northwestern Luzon. There have been few published floristic studies despite its undeniable rich biological importance. Therefore, this paper primarily aims to provide a preliminary checklist of vascular plants in MINWFR and their conservation status.  Consequent field visits and surveys were made from April 2019 to March 2020. Results revealed a total of 173 species distributed in 140 genera belonging to 59 families. The most represented families are Rubiaceae, Fabaceae, Orchidaceae, and  Malvaceae. This forest supports 49% or 28.65 % local endemics, five of which are narrow endemics, namely Cyanometra warburgii, Pyrostria triflora, Syzygium ilocanum, Thrixspermum nicolasiorum, and Antirhea microphylla. The latter, however, extends up to Ilocos Sur. Based on IUCN criteria and DENR records, a total of 18 species are threatened, one species is recorded as critically endangered, five endangered, nine vulnerable, three other threatened, two near threatened, 55 as least concern, and the rest are not evaluated. Other noteworthy species present in the area are the two dominant endangered species, Podocarpus costalis, and Podocarpus polystachyus. An interesting spinescent Rubiaceae species were recorded and currently under examination to establish its identity. This checklist serves as a basis to effectively manage this vulnerable area surrounded by human-induced disturbances and threats.
Development of microsatellite markers for the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)
Authors: Gupta Yash Munnalal , TANASARNPAIBOON SUPATCHAREE , BUDDHACHAT KITTISAK , PEYACHOKNAGUL SURIN , INTHIM PHATTHARAPORN , HOMCHAN SOMJIT
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Gupta YM, Tanasarnpaiboon S, Buddhachat K, Peyachoknagul S, Inthim P, Homchan S. 2020. Development of microsatellite markers for the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Biodiversitas 21: 4094-4099. The house cricket, Acheta domesticus, is one of the species of crickets commonly found in Thailand. Insect breeders in Thailand prefer to breed house cricket as food due to its better taste and popularity among local people. Moreover, largescale breeding industries also breed house cricket to produce cricket-based edible products. Insect breeding industry is growing rapidly and requires primary precaution for sustainable production. To facilitate breeding system to maintain genetic variation in the captive population, we have sequenced the whole genome of A. domesticus to search for simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in order to develop polymorphic microsatellite markers for preliminary population genetic analysis. A total of 112,157 SSRs with primer pairs were identified in our analysis.  Of these, 91 were randomly selected to check for amplification of microsatellite polymorphisms. From these, nine microsatellites were used to check genetic variation in forty-five individuals of A. domesticus from the Phitsanulok population (Thailand).  These microsatellite markers also showed cross-amplification with other three species of edible crickets, specifically Gryllus bimaculatus, Gryllus testaceus, and Brachytrupes portentosus. The microsatellite markers presented herein will facilitate future population genetic analysis of A. domesticus populations. Moreover, the transferability of these makers would also enable researchers to conduct genetic studies for other closely related species.
Antibacterial, cytotoxicity and metabolite profiling of crude methanolic extract from andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) fruit
Authors: Sibero Mada Triandala , SISWANTO ANGGUN PUSPITARINI , MURWANI RETNO , FREDERICK EVAN HANSEL , WIJAYA ALDI PRATAMA , SYAFITRI EMMY , FARABI KINDI , SAITO SHUN , IGARASHI YASUHIRO
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Sibero MT, Siswanto AP, Frederick EH, Wijaya AP, Syafitri E, Farabi K, Murwani R, Saito S, Igaras Y. 2020. Antibacterial, cytotoxicity and metabolite profiling of crude methanolic extract from andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) fruit. Biodiversitas 21: 4147-4154. The local community in North Sumatra has utilized andaliman fruit (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) as spices for traditional cuisines because it has a unique flavor. Information on the antimicrobial activity of Z. acanthopodium fruit against aquaculture pathogens and its bioactivity against leukemia cell lines are limited. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Z. acanthopodium fruit against Tenacibaculum maritimum, Vibrio alginolyticus, V. anguillarum, V. harveyi that are known as pathogens in aquaculture; to determine cytotoxic property against murine P388 leukemia cells; and to characterize its metabolites profile. The sample was extracted using methanol by the maceration method. Antibacterial assay was conducted by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method; while cytotoxicity assay using the XTT method. Proximate analysis showed that Z. acanthopodium fruit contained 63.41% of moisture, 24.73% of crude fiber, 9.81% of crude protein, 6.90% of ash, and 2.55% of crude fat. Several phytochemical components were detected, such as alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, triterpenoid, and steroid. The GC/MS analysis indicated the presence of various compounds from terpenoid and terpenes derivatives. This study indicated that Z. acanthopodium fruit was not potential as antibacterial agents against the aquaculture pathogens; however, the methanol extract showed cytotoxic potential with IC50 19.14 µg/mL against murine P388 leukemia cells.
The phosphorus load and the variation of the trophic states of Cirata Reservoir (West Java, Indonesia) from 1988 to 2017
Authors: Pratiwi Niken , IMRAN ZULHAMSYAH , AYU INNA PUSPA , ISWANTARI ALIATI , WULANDARI DWI YUNI
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Pratiwi NTM, Imran Z, Ayu IP, Iswantari A, Wulandari DY. 2020. The phosphorus load and the variation of the trophic states of Cirata Reservoir (West Java, Indonesia) from 1988 to 2017. Biodiversitas 21: 4176-4183. Cirata Reservoir was constructed in 1987 between Saguling and Jatiluhur Reservoirs; these are the three man-made cascading lakes in West Java, Indonesia. Cirata Reservoir has been used for floating cage aquaculture activities. The high organic content from the remains of the fish pellets raised the phosphorus (P) load, resulting in the eutrophication of the reservoirs. This research was aimed to assess the P load and the variation of the trophic states of the reservoir from year 1988 to 2017. The trophic states and the nutrients’ conditions of the water were determined using Myxophycean Index. Four groups of phytoplankton were found in the reservoir during observation: Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, and Dinophyceae. In addition, one group was found in a smaller number of observations: Eugolenophyceae. Although the community structure of the phytoplankton has changed, the Cyanophyceae was always dominant in response against the condition of nutrients, especially P. The P load is closely related to the number of floating cages in the reservoir. This evidence showed that Cirata Reservoir tended to be relatively eutrophic. In general, despite that the P load tended to fluctuate, the trophic states of Cirata Reservoir remained dynamic in relatively high conditions; showed by the oligo-mesotrophic state during its first year of operation, then increased to eutrophic and hypertrophic by the next decade. Although the P load tended to decrease, it remains in the eutrophic condition in the recent time.
First chromosome analysis of Thai pufferfish Pao cochinchinensis (Steindachner, 1866)
Authors: PISSAPARN MANACHAYA , PHIMPHAN SUMALEE , CHAIYASAN PATCHARAPORN , TANOAMTONG ALONGKLOD , LIEHR THOMAS , SUWANNAPOOM CHATMONGKON , REUNGSING MONTRI , Supiwong Weerayuth
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Pissaparn M, Phimphan S, Chaiyasan P, Tanoamtong A, Liehr T, Suwannapoom C, Reungsing M, Supiwong W. 2020. First chromosome analysis of Thai pufferfish Pao cochinchinensis (Steindachner, 1866). Biodiversitas 21: 4309-4316. Here first analysis of chromosomes and nucleolar organizer region (NOR) pattern in pufferfish Pao cochinchinensis (Steindachner, 1866) was undertaken. Chromosomal preparations were obtained from kidney of P. cochinchinensis from Chi River basin in Thailand. Chromosomal characteristics were analyzed by Giemsa staining, Ag-NOR banding as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using microsatellites d(CA)15 and d(CGG)10 probes. P. cochinchinensis had 2n = 40 with the fundamental number (NF) 74, both in male and female. The karyotype exhibited 12 metacentric (m), 10 submetacentric (sm), 12 acrocentric (a) and 6 telocentric (t) chromosomes. No differentiated heteromorphic sex chromosomes were observed. NORs were located on short arms adjacent to telomere of the metacentric chromosome pair 4, which coincide with signals of d(CGG)10 probe. FISH with d(CGG)10 sequences were also displayed at the telomeres of most other chromosomes, whereas d(CA)15 repeats highly accumulated throughout almost all entire chromosomes except for centromeric regions. The results of conventional Giemsa staining presented the differentiation even the same genus. The localization of NORs on one pair of chromosomes only is a common characteristic found in many fish groups as well as other vertebrates. Mapping of two distinct microsatellites demonstrated the remarkable chromosomal diversification that characterizes evolution in the genus Pao. Both, conventional and molecular cytogenetics are excellent tools to study, and better understand chromosomal evolution, as well as to uncover biodiversity among fishes.
The diversity of wild orchids in the southern slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia eight years after the 2010 eruption
Authors: Kurniawan Febri Yuda , Putri Fauzana , Suyoko Ahmad , Masyhuri Himawan , Sulistianingrum Maya Purqi , Semiarti Endang
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Kurniawan FY, Putri F, Suyoko A, Masyhuri H, Sulistianingrum MP, Semiarti E. 2020. The diversity of wild orchids in the southern slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia eight years after the 2010 eruption. Biodiversitas 21: 4457-4465. The ecosystem of the slopes of Mount Merapi is mountain tropical forest which is frequently affected by volcanic activities. The dynamics of the volcano affect the diversity and abundance of orchids in the ecosystem. Tritis is an area included in the Turgo Hill of the southern slope of Mount Merapi and is under the management of Mount Merapi National Park. The ecosystem in Tritis area classified as lower mountain forest and it has been affected by Mount Merapi eruption. This study aimed to do an inventory of orchid species in Tritis to know the diversity and abundance of orchids that exist in this area. In particular, we were interested to investigate the diversity after the 2010 eruption. The sampling was done using plot method by establishing four observation plots with size of each plot was 500 m x 20 m. The orchids found were identified using literature and we calculated the density, frequency, relative density, relative frequency and important value index. This study found 24 species of orchids, consisting of 15 species of epiphytic orchids, 6 terrestrial species, 2 holomycotropic species and 1 semiterrestrial species. There were 6 species of orchids with the highest density and 2 species with the highest frequency value. Thrixspermum sp. and Mycaranthes oblitterata were the most dominant species in Tritis based on important value index. Overall, the diversity of orchids in Tritis can be categorized as high, likely because Tritis environment supports the growth of epiphytic orchids, but it is less favorable for the growth of terrestrial, holomycotropic and semiterrestrial orchids. The results of this study can serve as baseline information to monitor the dynamics of orchid diversity and abundance in relation to the highly volcanic activities of Mount Merapi.
Measuring grain size fractions of bidisperse granular materials using X-ray radiography
Authors: Dulanjalee Eranga , Guillard François , Baker James , Einav Itai , Marks Benjy
Published: September 2020

The mechanical properties of granular materials such as sand, snow and rice are inherently tied to the size of the constituent particles. When a system is composed of particles of various sizes, it is common for these particles to segregate by size when disturbed. There is therefore a need to measure the particle size distribution within granular media as it evolves over time. However, there are very few experimental techniques available which can measure the particle sizes in situ without disturbing the medium. Here we present a technique to determine the volume fractions of the grain sizes in bidisperse granular materials with the aid of dynamic X-ray radiography. As a result of the penetration of the X-rays into the medium, radiography minimises the effect of walls and boundaries on experimental measurements, which typically dominate optical measurements. The technique proposed here is based on using Fourier transforms of X-ray radiographs to extract local measurements evolving over time that can be related to the particle size distribution. For the case of bidisperse granular media, with two distinct particle sizes, we show that this technique can measure the relative concentration of the two species, which we determine via a heuristic calibration parameter. We validate this technique by comparing discrete element simulations of mixtures of known concentration with experimental measurements derived from X-ray radiography of glass beads. In the future, this technique could be used to measure the grain size distribution in systems of bidisperse dense granular media where the concentration of particles is not known a priori. Additionally, the technique can be used to analyse granular segregation as it evolves dynamically.
Prescribed irradiance distributions with freeform gradient-index optics
Authors: Lippman David H. , Schmidt Greg R.
Published: September 2020

Generating a prescribed irradiance distribution given a source distribution is an inverse problem that sits at the heart of illumination design. The growing prevalence of freeform optics has inspired several design methods for obtaining a prescribed irradiance distribution possessing no symmetry. Up to now, these methods have relied exclusively on freeform optical surfaces for generating freeform irradiances. This paper presents a design method that, for the first time, applies gradient-index (GRIN) optics to solving this inverse problem. Using a piecewise-continuous freeform gradient-index (F-GRIN) profile, a single optic with two planar surfaces can be designed to produce a far-field prescribed irradiance distribution from a point source. The design process is herein presented along with two design examples which demonstrate some of the unique properties of F-GRIN illumination optics.
Hepatoprotective activity of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in sodium nitrite-induced hepatotoxicity
Authors: Wahyuningsih Sri Puji Astuti , Sajidah Elma Sakinatus , Atika Baiq Naili Dewi , Winarni Dwi , Pramudya Manikya
Published: September 2020

Background and Aim: For years, people have used sodium nitrite as a food preservative. This study determined the effect of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) pod methanol extract (OPME) on mice with hepatotoxicity induced by sodium nitrite. The flavonoid and total phenolic levels, serum biochemistry, and liver histology were examined. Materials and Methods: Green okra pod extraction was performed using ethanol methanol solvent. Thirty adult male BALB/c mice (8-10 weeks, ∼30 g) were divided into six groups: Normal control, negative control (sodium nitrite 50 mg/kg BW exposure), and treatment groups (sodium nitrite exposure and OPME at doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW). Subsequently, they were exposed to sodium nitrite and administered multiple doses of OPME for 19 days by gavage. After that, serum was used for biochemical evaluation, and liver histological analysis was performed. All data were statistically analyzed (α=0.05). Results: All doses of OPME reduced the levels of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). In this research, both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels increased in all OPME-administered treatments . All doses also reduced necrotic cells, proportion of swollen cells, and inflammation in liver histological analysis. The results of this study showed that OPME exerted hepatoprotective effects by lowering MDA, NO, ALT, and AST levels. It also improved SOD and CAT levels and recovered damaged liver tissue to its normal state. The optimal dose of OPME was 50-100 mg/kg BW. Conclusion: OPME has potential as a natural hepatoprotective agent against sodium nitrite exposure.
Medienkulturanalyse
Authors: Bauer Matthias
Published: September 2020

Matthias Bauer setzt in seinem Betrag die Medienkulturanalyse anhand einer Modell-Geschichte der neuzeutlichen Medienevolution bis zur Fernseh- und Netzwerk-Gesellschaft von anderen Formen der Medienwissenschaft ab und veranschaulicht exemplarisch aus diesem Aufriss anleitbare Forschungsaufgaben und Lehrangebote.
Stadtwahrnehmung, Wettergeschehen und Lebensperspektive in Breslau während des Holocaust
Authors: Augustyns Annelies
Published: September 2020

Annelies Augustyns untersucht in ihrem Artikel »Stadtwahrnehmung, Wettergeschehen und Lebensperspektive in Breslau während des Holocaust« aus literaturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive die Tagebücher Willy Cohns (1933-1941), der als Mitglied der jüdischen Gemeinde Breslaus die Zeit des Holocausts dokumentiert. Hierbei liegt der Fokus insbesondere auf dem Wetter, welches als realer Umstand Einzug in den Text erhält und verschiedene Bedeutungen und Funktionen ausfüllt. Wetterwahrnehmungen sind nicht nur Bestandteil des ästhetischen Stadteindrucks und des alltäglichen Lebens, sondern auch Ausdruck der inneren Stimmung und der Lebensbedrohung, die der Autor erfährt. Darüber hinaus fungieren sie als Flashback-Auslöser für Erinnerungen an glücklichere Zeiten und Orte. Auf der Basis des historischen Kontextes arbeitet Augustyns heraus, wie das Wetter in den Aufzeichnungen Cohns etwa als ironisches Element eingesetzt wird, aber auch inwiefern die Quantität der Erwähnungen des Wetters innerhalb des Tagebuchs von den politischen Entwicklungen abhängig scheint - Wetter als Indiz einer unsichtbaren Bedrohung.
In conversation with Olaf Otto Becker
Authors: Peck Julia
Published: September 2020

Since the late 1990s, Olaf Otto Becker (b. 1959- ) has been photographing landscape scenery in Iceland and Greenland with the intention to document how these landscapes are changing. Becker's photography captures the changes wrought by anthropogenically driven climate change, most notably by capturing the retreat of glaciers. Becker's practice, which foregrounds an aesthetic response to place, also photographs agricultural and urban landscapes, situating nature as part of our global economy. Images of living spaces contextualise human dwellings and living patterns for many people across the globe. This narrative is further elaborated upon in Becker's later projects, and discussed in the interview, which explores primary forests, deforestation, and the planting of urban spaces, but also situating his output within the context of global economies. This first in-depth interview with Becker discusses the evolution of his practice, his commitment to climate and environmental issues, and how this relates to the way the developed world treats nature as a resource in both the global north and the global south. The interview also investigates Becker's process of making images and engages with both the documentary and constructed strands of his photographs. New insights, such as the images' relationship to time (both in terms of photography, and the deep time of geology) and the uncanny nature of some of the re-photographed sites emerges, offering new insights into Becker's practice.
Distanced visuality, embodied proximity? Literary and photographic images of Finnish travel landscapes from the premodern journey to the railway era
Authors: Itälahti Mikko
Published: September 2020

This essay investigates representations of the environmental experience of premodern road and early railway travel in literary descriptions, contrasting them with the early photographic visions of the Savo railway, Eastern Finland. The exploration initially draws from the concept of proximity, as discussed by the Finnish geographer J.G. Granö and German cultural historian Wolfgang Schivelbusch. Vivid sensations of the nearest environment are seen as enabling the sense of immediacy, of truly »being there«, for the landscape experience during a journey. This sense of proximity was largely eradicated by the railway travel. Photography's historical sense of wonder may have been based on its ability to re-evoke the strong, affective sense of environmental closeness, that was eradicated by the industrial revolution. Through their foreground compositions, photographic images of the railway virtually re-evoked the »premodern« viewpoint within in the proximity of the trackside. In the present, these images of past environments still exhibit a distinctive affective power, implying historically unrealized potential for critical aesthetic sensibility towards the changing everyday landscape.
Irrwege und Entwicklungspfade
Authors: Rust Holger
Published: September 2020

Holger Rust zeigt, wie der Optimismus der Futurologie und der Zukunftsforschung der 50er und 60 Jahre durch die Überforderung, die exponentiell wachsenden Informationen durch neue technische Möglichkeiten der Verarbeitung und Generierung zu verarbeiten, versiegte. Im Zuge dieser Desillusionierung wurden die interdisziplinären wissenschaftlichen Bemühungen von einer aus seiner Sicht durch strategischen Opportunismus geprägten »Trendforschung« verfremdet, deren Protagonisten sich in zum Teil aggressiver Diskreditierung klassischer Empirie als Universalwissenschaftler gerierten. Bei näherer Betrachtung erweisen sie sich aber allenfalls als Vorläufer der heute strategisch eingesetzten »Influencers«. Der Beitrag referiert nicht nur diese Geschichte einer Illusion, deren Realisierung unterschiedlich ernsthafte Ausprägungen annahm, sondern nutzt im klassischen Sinne des »Kritischen Rationalismus« anhand aktueller Initiativen einer »neuen Zukunftsforschung« die Kritik zur Begründung eines konstruktiven Ansatzes der Foresight-Research.
Enhancement. Welche Ziele hat die Selbstoptimierung?
Authors: Schramme Thomas
Published: September 2020

Enhancement, die Verbesserung - möglicherweise sogar Optimierung - des eigenen Selbst, ist ein menschliches Grundanliegen und letztlich ein wesentliches Element der Betätigung menschlicher Freiheit. So verstanden können wir Enhancement nicht sinnvollerweise ablehnen. Gleichwohl argumentiere ich in diesem Beitrag, dass es Grenzen der gelingenden Selbstentwicklung gibt. Diese werden mit Bezug auf John Stuart Mill in grundlegenden, genuin menschlichen Fähigkeiten bestimmt. Wo durch Lebensweisen die Ausübung dieser grundlegenden Fähigkeiten verhindert wird, da kann von keiner gelingenden Weise der Selbstentwicklung gesprochen werden. Zuletzt weise ich auf mögliche Grenzen des Ausmaßes der Selbstoptimierung hin, also auf quantitative Gesichtspunkte, im Unterschied zu den zunächst betrachteten qualitativen Aspekten des Enhancements.
Between Politics and Show Business: Public Discourse on Social Media Regarding Ksenia Sobchak, the Only Female Candidate in the 2018 Russian Presidential Election
Authors: Кульчицкая Диана Юрьевна , Фольц Анастасия Олеговна
Published: September 2020

The article analyzes the public discourse on social media regarding the only female candidate in the 2018 Russian presidential election. Ksenia Sobchak is a famous Russian public figure who started as a TV personality and subsequently changed her image to become a serious journalist and finally a politician.
The figure of Sobchak is an interesting topic to study for a number of reasons. Firstly, the issue of women in politics is poorly studied in communication research due to their low representation in political sphere. Secondly, Sobchak undermines traditional views about women in society; that is why looking at Sobchak as a presidential candidate allows a researcher not only to consider this case study through the lens of Sobchak’s image as a politician but also to understand the public attitudes towards women with an active civic position in the Russian society.
The paper examines the public discussion on social media related to the Sobchak campaign. The authors analyze the messages within five top social media websites (Facebook, Instagram, Odnoklassniki, Vkontakte, Twitter). Computer-assisted sentiment analysis shows that Sobchak’s background as a scandalous TV host has had a negative impact on her political career. Public discourse in the sample under consideration was predominantly focused on the scandals related to Sobchak’s past and least related to her statements during the electoral competition.
Вовлечение пожилых в волонтерскую и гражданскую активность как инструмент преодоления социального исключения
Authors: Парфенова Оксана Анатольевна
Published: September 2020

Статья посвящена анализу работы НКО с пожилыми людьми, активизируемыми для волонтерской деятельности, направленной на помощь разным категориям населения, включая маломобильных пожилых, и гражданского участия. Автор опирается на концепцию социального исключения, включающую в себя ряд доменов: гражданское участие, сервисы/ мобильность, среда/ местное сообщество и другие. Эмпирической базой исследования стали девять полуструктурированных интервью с руководителями НКО и экспертами из разных городов России, материалы веб-сайтов и отчеты НКО, наблюдения за деятельностью НКО и беседы с пожилыми волонтерами. Два НКО в Санкт-Петербурге и Ленинградской области рассмотрены подробно в качестве эмпирических кейсов. Исследование показало, что активность сообществ пожилых на базе НКО часто выходит за пределы тематических объединений. Участники начинают дружить, навещать друг друга и устраивать совместные праздники; активно помогают разным социальным группам, в том числе бездомным, воспитанникам интернатов, маломобильным пожилым; создают новые сообщества и взаимодействуют с местными властями для продвижения своих идей; участвуют в проектах межпоколенного обмена. Подобная активность способствует преодолению социальной исключенности в таких доменах, как социальные отношения, местные сообщества и среда обитания, гражданское участие, социально-культурные аспекты. Волонтерская и гражданская активность повышают социальную включенность не только пожилых «активистов», но и тех, кому они помогают. К сложностям развития волонтерской и гражданской активности относятся: отсутствие устойчивых паттернов «активной жизни» в пожилом возрасте; неготовность помогать; страх; отсутствие системной подготовки и поддержки волонтеров; негативный опыт участия и последующее разочарование.
Лабиринтами Матрицы: осваивая социальный конструкционизм
Authors: Подвойский Денис Глебович
Published: September 2020

В настоящее время Департамент издательских программ ВЦИОМ завершает подготовку к публикации перевода книги социальных психологов Э. Лока и Т. Стронга «Social Constructionism: Sources and Stirrings in Theory and Practice». На русский язык книга выйдет под заголовком «Как устроена матрица? Социальное конструирование реальности: теория и практика». Журнал «Мониторинг общественного мнения» публикует вступительную статью к этому переводу, написанную специально для русскоязычного читателя. В представленном тексте содержится не только вводный комментарий к указанной книге, но и развернутый анализ комплекса «конструкционистских» и «конструктивистских» идей, оказывавших и продолжающих оказывать значительное влияние на развитие социальных и гуманитарных наук во всем мире.
«Пойду домой, домой это значит в подвал»: повседневные практики и стратегии выживания бездомных женщин
Authors: Кузинер Евгения Николаевна
Published: September 2020

В статье рассматриваются повседневные практики и стратегии выживания бездомных женщин. Фокус на том, как проживают, переживают и справляются с ситуацией бездомности женщины, оказавшиеся без дома.  Выделены две траектории попадания в ситуацию бездомности: утрата физического дома вследствие мошеннических операций с недвижимостью, пожара или других несчастных случаев и принуждение покинуть дом. Также рассматриваются три способа совладания с бездомностью: обращение за помощью в благотворительные организации; обращение за помощью к родственникам и друзьям; нормализация жизни на улице. В статье подчеркивается «невидимость» бездомных женщин и описываются причины женской бездомности и стратегии, которые они используют для выживания на улице.
Благодарность. Автор выражает благодарность своему научному руководителю Н.А. Нартовой, внесшей значительный вклад в написание магистерской диссертации, на основе которой написана данная статья, а также организациям и проводникам, обеспечившим доступ в поле, и анонимным рецензентам, чьи комментарии и замечания помогли улучшить и доработать статью.
Отцовство и поддержка отцов: тренды современных зарубежных исследований
Authors: Безрукова Ольга Николаевна , Самойлова Валентина Алексеевна
Published: September 2020

Статья представляет собой анализ зарубежных исследований отцовства, посвященных социальным проблемам и потребностям отцов, препятствиям в становлении идентичности вовлеченного отца и реализации данной модели на практике, направлениям социальной поддержки отцов. Ее актуальность обусловлена недостатком теоретических знаний о феномене отцовства, отсутствием обзорных работ, в которых бы обобщался накопленный опыт исследований поддержки отцовства, развития профилактических мер, программ и социальных услуг, учитывающих потребности и ресурсы разных групп отцов, практически полным отсутствием российских данных об отцах, относящихся к уязвимым группам, переживающим жизненные трудности. Рассматриваются работы, в фокусе которых отцы социально уязвимых групп: несовершеннолетние, одинокие, отчимы, имеющие детей с ограниченными возможностями здоровья, разведенные, транснациональные мигранты, иммигранты, с зависимым поведением, правонарушители, заключенные, склонные к домашнему насилию, гомосексуалы и др. Представлены характеристики отцов и их семей, негативно или позитивно влияющие на реализацию отцовской роли. Сделан вывод о том, что дефицит личностных, социальных, финансовых, информационных ресурсов препятствует становлению отцовской роли и затрудняет реализацию отцовского потенциала. Выделены культурные, информационные, экономические, структурные, институциональные барьеры, препятствующие вовлечению отцов в воспитание детей. Показано, что представленные в работах зарубежных авторов программы поддержки отцовства можно объединить в следующие группы: адресованные отцам и ближайшему окружению, социальные услуги и меры структурной поддержки отцов, информационные и онлайн-программы. Установлено, что ключевой задачей специалистов при работе с целевой группой отцов является создание «заботливой» маскулинности и позитивной идентичности ответственного отца: это способствует не только усилению родительской самоэффективности, развитию родительских навыков, но и преодолению отцами жизненных трудностей.
Благодарность. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта №19-011-00543.