bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization Method Based on Genetic Evolution for Multiple-Stage Coordinate Mining of Multiple Mining Areas with same Coal
Authors: Zeng Qiang , Zhang Ze Bin , Xiong Zu Qiang , Xiong De Quo
Published: September 2013

Aiming at the multiple-stage coordinate mining problem for multiple mining areas with same coal, an optimization method based on genetic evolution is proposed. Firstly, a mathematical optimization model with the objective to maximize the total sale of synthetic coal is established. Then, the model is simplified to another mathematical optimization model with the objective to maximize price of synthetic coal of each stage because of the great difficulty to resolve the model. Thirdly, a genetic algorithm for coordinate mining of multiple mining areas is presented and designed to resolve the simplified model. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by case study.
Study on Adsorption Property of Different Adsorbents for Dibenzothiophenic Sulfur in Simulated Diesel
Authors: Tang Lei , Bian Yang Yan , Cui Qun , Wang Hai Yan
Published: September 2013

It’s more difficult to remove dibenzothiophenic sulfur in diesel. Adsorption performance of self-made metal-organic framework on Cu-BTC, MCM-22, alumina and silica gel for 4-methyldibenzothiophene (4-MDBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene(4,6-DMDBT) in simulated diesel at room temperature were investigated. The results show, BET surface area of Cu-BTC is up to 1501m2/g. When the initial concentration of sulfur in 4-MDBT is 46.80mg S/L, the static equilibrium adsorption capacity of Cu-BTC for 4-MDBT in simulated diesel is 2.40mg S/gads, which is about 20 times than that of other adsorbents. When the initial concentration of sulfur in 4,6-DMDBT is 48.47mg S/L, the equilibrium adsorption capacity of Cu-BTC for 4,6-DMDBT in simulated diesel is 2.04mg S/gads. The adsorption isotherms of Cu-BTC for 4-MDBT and 4,6-DMDBT indicate that when the equilibrium concentration of sulfur is 50mg S/L, the adsorption performance of Cu-BTC for 4-MDBT and 4,6-DMDBT following the order is 4-MDBT>4,6-DMDBT.
Biodegradation of 1,2-Dichloroethane Vapor in a Biofilter
Authors: Li Liang , Wu Yan , Hao Xin Gang
Published: September 2013

Biofiltration of 1,2-dichloroethane vapor from air stream was discussed in this study. Experimental investigations were conducted on a laboratory scale biofilter, containing mixture of compost and polystyrene inert particles as the filter materials. Mixed consortium of activated sludge was used as an inoculum. The continuous performance of biofilter for 1,2-dichloroethane removal was monitored for different concentrations and flow rates. The removal efficiencies decreased at higher concentrations and higher gas flow rates. The response of biofilter to upset loading operation showed that the biofilm in the biofilters was quite stable and quickly adapted to adverse operational conditions.
Assessment on Environmentally Sustainable Development of Expressway
Authors: Dai Juan Juan , Ouyang Yu Rong
Published: September 2013

In this paper, the construction of the pressure-state-response model is referred to build the indicator system for assessing the environmentally sustainable development of the expressway during construction and operation periods. And a specific measurement method is given in this study. The principal component analysis is performed to determine the weight of each index by statistical analysis, and to calculate the environmentally sustainable development indices during the construction period and operation period, and the whole project. According to the results, the environmentally sustainable development indices during construction and operation period are most related with the pressure index, which means that the environmentally sustainable development of the expressway is closely related to the reasonability of the design, construction and operation of the expressway itself.
Experimental Research on Brittle Shale Failure Caused by Drilling Fluid Activity
Authors: Peng Ming Wang , Wen Hang , Zhou Wei , Wen Zhao Jun , Liu Xiao Ming , Zhou Yu
Published: September 2013

The crack formed under the action of circular medium fluid around the wellbore of brittle shale has been a hot issue in recent years. This paper considers the brittle shale micro fracture formation mechanism from the perspective of inhibitive ability of drilling fluid activity. The model of activity-swelling-hydration is set up firstly through revising generalized Usher model, it states the drilling fluid activity range to keep wellbore in osmotic hydration stage with the critical expansion ratio, thus puts forward the concept of activity window and is verified by indoor test. Results show that the different activity of drilling fluid brings difference in rock strength in macro and time sensitive effect for internal structure of rock in micro. This mechanism can provide a more accurate range design for drilling fluid activity and strong guarantee for wellbore stability.
The Comprehensive Evaluation Method Based on GIS of Oil well Casing Damage
Authors: Xu Wei Bin , Zhu Qing Jie , Jia Hai Bo
Published: September 2013

Oil well casing damage is one of the security problems in petroleum engineering, it should be paid more attention in oil and gas development. Influence factors of oil well casing damage are very complicated, and the evaluation criteria of each influence factors are different. Therefore, for the assessment of casing damage, should be based on a comprehensive engineering and petroleum geology of the argument, using multi-criteria evaluation method to implement from the safety point of view. The development of multi-criteria evaluation method based on GIS oil well casing damaged isnt only consider the relative importance of each influence factor, but also fully consider the various factors of space walks and order of importance. With the help of IDRISI software, Jinzhou oil production plant in the 25 block as an example, calculating order weights and criteria weights, the comprehensive evaluation of damage to the casing pipe of oil well is made. By comparison of weighted linear combination method and the ordered weighted average (OWA) method, analyzes the ordered weighted average method advantage.
Enhanced Ozonation of P-Chloronitrobenzene in Aqueous Solution Using Nanometer CuO Powders
Authors: Jiang Tao , He Jun Guo , Yang Xiao Nan , Li Jian Zheng
Published: September 2013

Heterogeneous catalytic ozonation for the degradation of p-chloronitrobenzene (pCNB) in aqueous soloution was investigated in presence of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles prepared by the precipitation method. The average diameter of CuO nanoparticles was 26.8nm, with a specific surface area of 10.2580m2/g and average pore diameter of 7.53nm. The presence of CuO nanoparticles in ozonation enhanced the degradation efficiency as compared to ozonation alone. Typical operating parameters like catalyst dosage, initial reaction temperature and initial pH exerted a positive influence on the pCNB degradation. Both tert-butyl alcohol test and spin-trapping/electron spin resonance (EPR) technique confirmed that the degradation of pCNB followed a radical-type mechanism during ozonation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation indicated that an ozone molecule interacted with the surfaces of CuO nanoparticles where hydroxyl radicals (OH) were generated with a quantitative and qualitative discussion. Based on these observations, it was suggested that CuO nanoparticles accelerated the initiation of OH derived from the catalytic decomposition of ozone, resulting in the enhancement degradation of pCNB.
Polyaniline Nanostructures Doped with Fluorescent TPA-BTD-BN
Authors: Ding Hang Jun , Yang Zhou , Yang He , Long Yun Ze , He Qing Guo
Published: September 2013

In this paper, a novel fluorescent material with high conductivity as 0.45 S·cm-1 and strong fluorescence has been successfully synthesized basing on polyaniline (PANI) nanostructures doped with a new prepared fluorescein TPABTDBN. The PANI nanostructures were prepared via a simplified template-free method (STFM) with FeCl3 as oxidant and dopant. The resulting sample was characterized by SEM, IR and fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence intensity of synthesized composite improves with the increasing content of TPABTDBN. The electrical properties of pressed composite pellets were measured from room temperature about 291K down to 132K, the conductance follow the exponential temperature dependence of three-dimensional variable-range hopping (VRH) model.
The High-Temperature Sealing Research of Vacuum Flat Glass
Authors: Tao De Qing , Zhang Rui Hong , Wan Hong Liang
Published: September 2013

This paper analyzed the deformation and stress of the glass substrate and the supporting columns in the vacuum plate glass in high-temperature sealing process with Ansys, which can forecast and guidance for the vacuum flat glass of high-temperature sealing. By performance test of vacuum plate glass after sealing, conclude the organizational structure of glass and welding agent junction is well. The vacuum plate glass of high temperature sealing has a good sealing performance.
Thermal Aging Analysis of Rubber Used for Fabric Expansion Joints
Authors: Ma Li Na , Zhao Yu Zeng , Ge Hong Hua , Liu Kuai Ying
Published: September 2013

Several kinds of rubbers used for fabric expansion joints were studied by Thermogravimetric analysis under inert atmosphere before and after artificial accelerated thermal aging. The results showed that because of the difference of the chemical structures, the rubber aging is different. And the thermal stability of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was obviously higher than that of other two kinds of rubbers, ethylene-propylene-diene-terpolymer rubber (EPDM) and fluororubber.
Study on Warpage of Strip in Continuous Annealing Line by Virtual Layer Method
Authors: Chen Tei Chen , Kang Zong Wei
Published: September 2013

The effects of various input parameters on the warpage of strip were investigated and discussed. Three theoretical techniques, including virtual layers method (VLM), energy balance method (EBM), and finite element method (FEM), were adopted to evaluate the distributions of plastic strain, temperature, and stress of the strip, respectively. The longitudinal residual warpage can then be calculated accordingly. It was found that the cooling condition in cooling section plays a key role on the residual warpage of strip, which is possibly to be controlled within an accepted range by applying a suitable cooling scheme in this section.
A Study on the Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Polyaniline Nanofibers Using Ferric Chloride as both Oxidant and Dopant
Authors: Ding Hang Jun , Yang Zhou , Yang Huai , Wan Mei Xiang
Published: September 2013

PANI nanofibers with a really nanoscaled diameter of 20 ~ 30 nm and a high conductivity of 100 S/cm were successfully prepared by using FeCl3 · 6H2O as oxidant at the acidic dopant-free. Compared with other synthetic methods for nanostructures, this approach is most simple and cheap because of FeCl3 · 6H2O having two-function of oxidant and dopant at the same time, resulting in further simplifying reaction reagents. Characterizations of UV-visible, FTIR spectra, XRD as well as conductivity measured by four-probe method definitely proved the nanofibers oxidized by FeCl3 as oxidant at dopant-free are identical to the emeraldine salt form of PANI, although without external acidic dopant, and Cl- anion is incorporated the PANI main chain as counter-ion.
New Insights on Acid Etched Fracturing Conductivity
Authors: Li Xiao Gang , Wang Yi Ting , Yang Zhao Zhong
Published: September 2013

Successful acid fracturing stimulation in carbonate reservoirs largely depends on the acid etched fracture conductivity. However, accurate prediction of this parameter is difficult due to the lack of knowledge for delicately charactering rough fracture surface. To push the limitation of the current situation, an advanced mathematical model is proposed based on the fractal theory and previous models.Matlabsoftware is employed for generating rough surfaces with two variables, standard difference and fractal dimension. A partial differential equation is built to describe the fluid flow between two random fractal surfaces and finite element method is chosen to do simulation job. Comparative analysis of the flow ability between fractal surfaces and parallel plates is clarified at the final. The results show that fracture widths have the most influence on the conductivity, followed by fracture surface asperities. Moreover, fractal dimension and standard deviation, can also affect the fluid flow ability.
Transesterification of NDC with EG: Effects of Reaction Conditions on NDC Conversion
Authors: Sun Lin Ping , Qiao Qian
Published: September 2013

Transesterification of dimethyl 2,6-napthalene dicarboxylate with ethylene glycol over metal salts catalyst was empolyed as probe reation. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, the molar ratio of ethylene glycol to dimethyl 2,6-napthalene dicarboxylate, N2 flowrate, kind of metal salt on the conversion of dimethyl 2,6-napthalene dicarboxylate have been investigated. The results showed that the sequence of influence was as follows: reaction temperature > reaction time > ethylene glycol/dimethyl 2,6-napthalene dicarboxylate molar ratio > amount of the catalyst. The optimum reaction conditions were 210 oC of reaction temperature, 240 min of reaction time, 2.8 molar ratio of ethylene glycol to dimethyl 2,6-napthalene dicarboxylate, 60 ml/min of N2, amount of zinc acetate being 0.08 % / mole of dimethyl 2,6-napthalene dicarboxylate.
Reducing Heat Conduction of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Wall Using Phase Change Material
Authors: Thongtha Atthakorn , Maneewan Somchai , Punlek Chantana , Ungkoon Yothin
Published: September 2013

In this work, the effect of the salt hydrated phase change material (PCM) on microstructure and heat conduction of the autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) was studied. The microstructure in the AAC and AAC with composed phase change material was imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The ability in heat conduction was compared among AAC (AAC1), AAC with composed phase change material (0.417 (AAC2) and 0.833 (AAC3) kg/m2 in contents), and AAC which was composed by PCM (0.417 (AAC4) and 0.833 (AAC5) kg/m2 in contents) and was coated by the cement in 2 sides. These ones were tested the thermal delay at 40, 50 and 60 °C using the heater that was the thermal source. It was found that the optimum content of PCM on top surface was found at 0.417 kg/m2 because the minimum heat conduction and the lowest average temperatures of inside wall and inside room were shown in this sample at 40, 50 and 60 °C.
Preparation and Application of Modified Polyacrylonitrile Fiber as a Adsorbent for Precious Metals
Authors: Zhao Zhen Xin , Ma Bu Wei , Zheng Hai Jin
Published: September 2013

Polyacrylonitrile fiber ( PAN ) was used as the starting material, after precrosslinked respectively by hydrazine hydrate, ethylenediamine and diethylenetriamine, the products reacted with sodium sulfide with N,N-dimethyl formamide ( DMF ) as solvent under slight alkaline conditions. The reaction temperature was controlled at 70 °C and the reaction time was 6h to prepare three kinds of sulfamide modified polyacrylonitrile fiber (SAPAN), the sulfur content of which could come up to 6.8mmol/g ( dry fiber). The structure of modified polyacrylonitrile fiber was characterized by the means of IR, EA, TG and gravimetric analysis, etc., meanwhile, the preparation conditions as well as adsorption property of the fiber for precious metal ions were researched.
Optimization of Plane Slots Number for Container Yard Based on Two-Stage Stochastic Programming
Authors: Guo Zi Jian , Yu Xu Hui , Wang Wen Yuan , Tang Guo Lei
Published: September 2013

Appropriate plane slots number of the container yard is of great importance to the sustainable development of low-carbon container ports. Considering the container type, handling process, cost and benefit of unit yard space, etc., a two-stage stochastic programming model with the goal of maximizing the yard profit was established by choosing the maximum daily storage number of containers as a random variable. The maximum yard profit and the minimum penalty function are respectively chosen as the goal in the first and second stage. The example results show that the value obtained by the two-stage stochastic programming is smaller than that by the specification. The proposed model provides an optimization method for the determination of plane slots number through effectively lessening the influence of uncertainties and saving resource cost.
A Research on Customer Satisfaction with Respect to the College Student Management
Authors: Guo Shu Xin , Yu Jin Huan , Zheng Ben
Published: September 2013

This paper combines customer satisfaction theory and the "student-centered" student management concept, then constructs a college student management satisfaction assessment model. In addition, we conduct questionnaire survey based on the design "The college student management satisfaction questionnaire ". Each service satisfaction index will be calculated after analyzing the received data statistically. The investigation and analysis show: the research on the college student management is feasible for evaluating the services in the administration.
A Newsboy Model for Apparel Items under Different Backordering Situations and Inflations of Green Supply Chain
Authors: Chen Hsiao Ching , Hsieh Yao Hung
Published: September 2013

This paper focuses on the integration and dynamic issues of green supply chain inventory management. The major purpose of this research is to derive optimal inventory policies for players of a supply chain when the integrated joint total cost and profit are optimized globally. The objectives of this paper are to develop mathematical inventory models considering different planning horizons and various issues for fashion product types under the uncertain environment. And in this study we also show the benefits and importance of corporation and information for supply chain numbers.
The Research on the Training Needs Based on Competency in Forest Parks
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Chen Ke , He Dan , Ma Fa Wang , Kuang Tian , Wang Yun Hang
Published: September 2013

The competency of staff in forest parks was analyzed by adopting Behavior Event Interview and a questionnaire was also implemented to investigate the staff training needs. As indicated by the results, there is some difference between the competency of staff in forest parks and that described in Spencer’s Universal Competency Dictionary. The training needs of staff are divided into three categories: “Organization and Management”, “Contact and Communication” and “Customer Orientation” with 11 items in total. Some prevalent training methods, for example, lectures and experts guidance, have significant correlation with staff training needs. Experienced training professionals are favored according to the feedback of training target groups. The training spots should be selected carefully. The research is of great significance to the staff training in forest parks.
Isolation and Bioactivity Screening of Marine Environmental Bacteria from Trachurus Murphyi Chile Fishery
Authors: Yang Qiao , Zhang Heng , Huang Hong Liang
Published: September 2013

Marine bacteria have been proven to be a profound resource on the development of natural product chemistry and upon the medical sciences. The pelagic fishery locates the wide international public sea regions and contains huge resource and technical benefits. The increasingly greater potential for exploitation of new marine microbes resource in these special sea areas has become conspicuous. In this paper, the marine environmental bacterial strains were isolated from water sampled from the Trachurus murphyi Chile fishery in southeast Pacific Ocean, and the anti-bacterial bioactivity screening for the crude extract from the strain fermentation, and taxonomic identification of the screened bioactive strains were then performed. The obtained result in this study has showed that marine environmental bacterial isolated from Trachurus murphyi Chile fishery demonstrated good potential for the further exploration for marine bioactive natural products.
Change of Photosynthetic Gas Exchange and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Cd-Sensitive Mutant Rice in Response to Cd Stress
Authors: He Jun Yu , Ren Yan Fang , Zhu Cheng , Jiang Dean
Published: September 2013

The growth, photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were investigated in wild type and mutant rice plants treated with 50 μmol L-1 Cd. The results showed that plant height, dry mass, and chlorophyll content decreased by Cd treatment, and the mutant showed more severe reduction than wild type rice. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (Gs), maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), effective PSII quantum yield (ΦPS2), and photochemical quenching (qP) were decreased and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and and non-photochemical quenching (qN) were enhanced in Cd-treated plants with the increasing of Cd exposure time, with changes in the mutant being more evident. The results suggest that Cd inhibits photosynthesis due to non-stomatal limitations and the response of PSII reaction centre and the mutant has less capacity of acclimation to Cd stress.
Screening COD Degrading Bacteria from Soil of Constructed Wetland and Technical Conditions Optimization of Construction Sprains
Authors: Zhao Xin Yue , Qiu Shan , Bai Shun Wen , Yan Zhi Yuan , Yang Ji Xian
Published: September 2013

The utilization of bioaugmentation in constructed wetland can enhance the effect of organic matter removal from wastewater. Obtaining effective COD degrading bacteria plays a key role in bioaugmentation. In this paper, in order to improve the capacity of organic matter removal of constructed wetland, four kinds of effective COD degrading sprains (A2,A11,B1,C4) were obtained from soil of constructed wetland by the way of segregation, primary screening and secondary screening. Through the test of microorganism construction to acquire matching groups with better growth situation and the test of technical conditions optimization inspecting the influence of PH, temperature and rotate speed of incubator shaker on COD converting rates, group A2A11,A11B1,A11C4 and B1C4 were acquired, among which the group B1C4 had the highest COD converting rates (73.74%) when PH was 6.8, temperature was 20 and rotate speed was 100r/min. Using the method of 16S rDNA sequence determination, we observed that sprain B1 had the most similarity with Bacillus simplex (T); DSM1321T; AJ439078, 99%, belonging to bacillus, and sprain C4 had the most similarity with Pseudomonas stutzeri (T); ATCC 17588; AF094748, 97%, belonging to Pseudomonas.
The Low-Temperature Oxidizing Clearing of Sewage from the Phenol in the Presence of the Cobalt Complexes Fixed on Natural Polymer-Humate
Authors: Shakieva T. V. , Yemelyanova V.S. , Kairbekov Zh.K. , Shakiev E. M. , Myltykbaeva Zh. K.
Published: September 2013

The results of research of kinetic of oxidations of phenol by oxygen at presence of nitrogen oxides and complexes of cobalt fixed on polyacrylic acid at 333К are presented in the article. It is established, that at presence of complexes of cobalt fixed on PAA and oxides of nitrogen it is possible to spend oxidation of phenol in soft conditions. Fixation of mononuclear complexes on polyacrylic acid promotes destruction of an aromatic ring, getting of aliphatic aldehydes and ketones while at presence of binuclear complexes of cobalt fixed on PAA process of oxidation comes to an end with formation benzoquinone. The given system works stably.
Natural Organic Matter Removal by UV/ Chlorine Process: Modeling and Optimization
Authors: Zhang Xin Ran , Li Wei Guang , Ren Peng Fei
Published: September 2013

This study evaluated and optimized the UV/ chlorine process for natural organic matters (NOMs) removal using response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of both the primary and secondary interactions of the reaction variables, including initial chlorine concentration (X1), UV radiation time (X2) and pH value (X3), were examined. A satisfactory prediction response model (R2=0.999) was obtained, indicating the reliability of the methodology. The optimum condition obtained by CCD were 4.5 mg·L-1initial chlorine concentration, 7 min UV radiation time and pH 6.7. Under the optical condition, the maximum TOC removal was 48% and TOC concentration was only 2.6 mg·L-1. The UV/ chlorine process as a novel AOP has many advantages for drinking water treatment, in terms of less chemical consumption, shorter reaction time and simpler technology.
The Structural Changes of Alkaline Peroxide Mechanical Pulp Residual Lignin with Laccase-Mediator Treatment
Authors: Liu Fan , Liu Yu , Chen Jia Chuan , Wang Zhen
Published: September 2013

In this paper the two-stage method of enzyme-mild acidic hydrolysis was adopted to isolate lignin from the APMP(Alkaline Peroxide Mechanical Pulp),then the isolated lignin was treated with a laccase-mediator system(LMS).The phosphor magnetic resonance spectrum (31P-NMR) measurements and Infrared spectral analysis technology were chosen to analyze the structural changes of LMS-treated APMP residual lignin.
Mechanisms and Defiberation Point of Pinus Kesiya Diethanolamine Pulping
Authors: Xiang Hao Liang , He Jie , Chen Ke Li
Published: September 2013

Mechanisms and defiberation point of pinus kesiya diethanolamine pulping were analyzed in this paper. The results show that the delignification of diethanolamine cooking is divided into three stages: the initial delignification stage, which is from the beginning of heating to 170°C, and its delignification rate is about 30%; the bulk delignification stage, which is from 170°C to 200°C for 60min with the total delignification rate about 90%; the supplementary delignification stage, which is from 200°C for 60min to the end of cooking, and its delignification rate is more than 97%. And the defiberation point is at 200°C for 30min nearby.
Experimental Research on Heat Preservation and Moisture Transfer Performance of Stalk Concrete Block
Authors: Fan Jun , Sun Feng Zhong , Liu Fu Sheng , Wang Hong Bin
Published: September 2013

Stalk concrete block was made of compressed wheat stalk brick and hollow concrete block. Experimental study on heat preservation performance of stalk concrete block and stalk concrete block was carried out. Average heat transfer coefficient of experimental wall made by hollow concrete block is 1.57 W/m2.K and stalk concrete block is 1.08W/m2.K. Performance of moisture transfer of compressed wheat stalk brick was acquired by using thermostatic and humidistat chamber. Profile of humidity absorption and release was also acquired. The maximum moisture content of compressed wheat stalk brick is 8.85 %. Relative humidity in certain space can be controlled within 50 % -65%.
Light at Night: A New Kind of Environment Pollution
Authors: Tang Liang
Published: September 2013

Light pollution is increasing recognized as having adverse effects on human and environment. This paper analyzes the sources and causes of the formation of light pollution, and explores the negative impacts of light pollution on ecological systems, human health and energy consumptions. At last, we propose some suggestions for the prevention of light pollution.
The Effects of Proximity and Empathy on Environmental Responsible Behavior: An Empirical Study
Authors: Li Jian Xin , Luo Jing , Qin Hui Juan
Published: September 2013

This article uses the design of experiment and researches the effects of proximity and empathy on environmental responsible behavior. The results show that:(1) Proximity have a significant positive effects on individuals environmental protection behavior;(2) When the degree of proximity is high, the different level of empathy have no significant effects on environmental responsible behavior; However, when the proximity is low, a high degree of empathy is more easier to motivates ones environmental responsible behavior than it.
The Response of Antioxidant Enzyme and ATPase in Bacteria Exposed to 1,2-dichlorobenzene
Authors: Liang Hui Xing , Chen Ai Hui , Ding Cheng , Li Zhao Xia
Published: September 2013

The activity response of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ATP enzyme activities ofEscherichia coliQ8,Bacillus subtilisL11, andBacillus cereusOL-1 following exposure to 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCB) was investigated. The bacterial strains were treated with the different concentrations of 1,2-DCB. Results obtained indicated that SOD and CAT activities in the tested bacteria increased significantly in a concentration-dependent manner after different concentrations of 1,2-DCB were applied. The activity of SOD inB. subtiliswas stimulated and reached the highest level after treatment with 10 mg/L 1,2-DCB for 3 h. ForB.cereusOL-1, there was another stimulation of SOD activity after 1,2-DCB application for about 5 h The stimulation by 1,2-DCB showed a relative lag forE. coli. 1,2-DCB had an evident influence on ATPase activity in the three bacteria within a relatively short period. 1,2-DCB would have caused a certain oxidative stress on the three bacteria which may not only elevate SOD and CAT activities but also generate new SOD isozymes to antagonize oxidative stress. All indirectly reflect the existence of poisonous and harmful material in the environment , and can indicate the influence of pollution sensitivily. Therefore SOD, CAT and ATP enzyme activity in microbial body can be regarded as a molecular index of polluting ,which is feasible.
Research on the Relation of Thunderstorm Days and Lightning Density in Jiangsu Province
Authors: Yang Zhong Jiang , Zhang Tian , Feng Ming Xue , Jiao Xue , Lin Bin Bin
Published: September 2013

Thunderstorm days are used to show the lightning frequency happened somewhere. Through comparative analysis on the thunderstorm days data of 66 weather stations in Jiangsu province and lightning data of ADTD lightning monitoring, it presents that the correlation coefficient r became the largest at 11 km range, and the longest distance of thunderstorm artificial observation is 11-14 km. According to the study of lightning activities in Jiangsu province to get the statistical fitting function curve equation by thunderstorm days and ground flash density data. Test the actual application effect of fitting equation by calculating the average relative error of fitting equation and standard equation, then make sure the actual thunderstorm days in Jiangsu province and the cloud to ground flash density formula is Ng=0.0224 Td1.48.
On Establishment of Restriction Mechanism of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction for Enterprises in Jilin Province
Authors: Lv Jin , Ma Jing , Liu Peng
Published: September 2013

For the reason of lacking corresponding restrictions in the energy conservation and emission reduction work, the phenomenon of enterprises always pursuing economic benefit unilaterally but ignoring the energy conservation and emission reduction work frequently occurs. On the above basis, in this article, we make an brief introduction to the current situation of the energy conservation and emission reduction work for enterprises in Jilin Province at the first, and then we make detailed research on relevant factors which do influence the restriction mechanism of energy conservation and emission reduction for enterprises in Jilin Province, and at the end, we put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions on the establishment of restriction mechanism of the energy conservation and emission reduction work for enterprises in Jilin Province.
Research on Green GDP of He'nan Province Based on the SEEA System
Authors: Li Qing Song , Deng Su Jun , Kang Kai , Meng Qing Xiang , Zhao Jing Ying
Published: September 2013

This paper made the accounting and analysis of the Green GDP of He nan Province 2005-2010 based on the SEEA system. The results shows that the resources depletion cost presented upward trend in recent years, in which the proportion of the depletion cost of the water resource is getting smaller, and that of the mineral resource is getting bigger; the environmental improvement cost increased in the year 2005-2007,and then presented downward trend in the following years. For the proportion of the improvement cost, the waste water takes the biggest, the waster gas takes the second and the solid waste takes the smallest. The Green GDP increased with the increasing of traditional GDP. Green GDP takes over 93.80% of the traditional GDP and the proportion is stable, but is a little decreased compared with that of 2005.
Mining and Analyzing Energy Layout on Carbon Emission Intensities of Industrial Sectors
Authors: Li Zuo Zhi
Published: September 2013

Energy consumption structure optimum is gradually discussed in recent literatures. Based on hierarchical clustering of optimally close to content demand of data group mine and analysis, industrial sectors layout on carbon emission intensity is researched. Computed carbon emission drawn support from IPCC methodological framework, formed carbon emission intensities of emissions divided by sectors GDP respectively, and transformed calculated figures into CDF of the continuous uniform distribution to cultivate the standardized data. Resulting of the case presents that there are two categories with types of v and inversed v after mining and analyzing 37 industrial sectors data in 2006-2011. Findings are that 39% annual max paired difference of emission intensities is appeared, and the divergence of energy consumption structure is significantly obtained, which is conducive to the whole industrial distribution of low carbon policy-making.
Public Policy Research on Promoting to Develop Forest Carbon Sink in the Coal Industry
Authors: Weng Yi Fei
Published: September 2013

First of all, the importance of developing forest carbon sink is described. Then industrial policies are suggested including identification criteria and entry policy of carbon-sink forest, and property right definition and benefit allocation. Meanwhile fiscal policies also can be used, such as deposit of ecological environment restoration, coal sustainable development Fund, tax policies, carbon finance and carbon futures.
Discussion on Fugitive Emission Monitoring of Air Pollutants
Authors: Gao Yu , Pan Hong Bo
Published: September 2013

Construction project completion and acceptance of environmental protection, fugitive emissions of air pollutants monitoring sites based on the Integrated emission Standard of air pollutants (GB16297-1996) and Technical guidelines for fugitive emission monitoring of air pollutants and the relevant technical documents. The main source of fugitive emissions was production equipment obsolete, unreasonable design, operational errors, improper command and poor management. Existing problems: too theoretical, poor operability, from monitoring sites to point measured project location far, representative is not strong. Recommendations that distribution specification,always pay attention to fugitive emissions sampling,scientific and rational way to find the maximum concentration, Monitoring points arrangement as far as possible with less points to achieve better representative monitoring data .
On the Network Mode of Chinese Environmental Disaster Governance
Authors: Hou Bao Long
Published: September 2013

Scientific development concept and governance theory together constitute the theoretical support for the network mode of Chinese environmental disaster governance. Using the method of governance theory, in democratization and information era, network governance model has unparalleled advantages. The governments environmental disaster governance awareness and ability are key variables to other governance bodies. Enterprises should implement the legal system of the state environmental protection laws effectively, accept initiatively supervisions from the government environmental institutions, environmental organizations, the media and public, and assume the economic and ecological responsibility positively. The environmental organizations should vigorously publicize the environmental protection knowledge, recruit and train volunteers and directly involve in the environment protection action. The media should expose and criticize the damage behaviors. The public should safeguard their environment rights actively.
The Formation of Micro Grassroots Environmental NGO - The Best Choice for Non-Governmental Environmental Protection in China
Authors: Wang Sheng Xian , Zhang Mei Hua , Ren Xian Jing
Published: September 2013

With Chinas reform and opening up, the third sector which has universally grown up during the 1980s started to spread into China. Chinese environmental protection NGO is still at starting level although China possesses kinds of environmental protection NGO including official environmental organizations, the international environmental protection NGO institutions, grassroots environmental NGO, school environmental clubs and other forms of environmental NGO. Since we do not have mature democracy and free market economy in China, it is not a good choice to join in the environmental protection NGO for those Chinese citizens who hope to improve the situation of the environment through actions. A 3-5-person non-governmental micro environmental protection NGO will have more powerful efficiency, vitality and creativity because it can avoid defects such as inheritance, legitimacy and energy dispersion. The future of Chinese environmental protection consists in the citizens awareness of building the micro grass-root environmental protection NGO.
Explore and Analyse Development Model of Eco-Agricultural Tourism Based on Circular Economy
Authors: Zhu Zhi , Li Mei , Ma Chao Hong
Published: September 2013

Eco-agricultural tourism is a new type agricultural production mode, and is an effective way of agricultural sustainable development. The paper analysis the circular economy, and proposes a new model of eco-agricultural tourism of three combinations in eco-agriculture chain , eco-energy chain and eco-landscape chain based on the practice of eco-agricultural tourism of the Jiuliyu eco-tourism resort of Heyuan.
A Simple Analysis on Wetland Ecotourism Sustainable Development - Case Study for Jinyin Lake in Wuhan
Authors: Wu Hai Lun , Xu Dong , Li Hai'e
Published: September 2013

Wetland ecotourism was very important for the development of its sustainable development. Jinyin Lake of Wuhan city had immense waters, possessing typical wetland ecotourism landscapes and wetland animal and plant resources. Based on analysis of wetland ecotourism resources and environment of Jinyin Lake, a SWOT analysis of sustainable ecotourism development was conducted. Meanwhile, the ecotourism products and design were recommended to make sure its sustainable development in the end.
Analysis on Sustainable Development of Small Watershed in Mountain Area by System Dynamics
Authors: Peng Yue , Ai Nan Shan , Liu Guo Dong
Published: September 2013

Small watershed, as a unit of mountain ecosystem, should be suitably protected and developed. System dynamics method was used to analyse the population capability of a small watershed named Longdonggou which was in the upstream area of Minjiang River. The population and agricultre system dynamic models of this watershed were constructed to calculate and forecast the population and population capacity by a soft ware named Venism. By the analysed population and population capacity curves, the following conclusion was obtained that in Longdonggou watershed, which was an agriculture ecosystem, the population was overloaded due to the limit of land resurece, the population should be controlled, and returning farmland to forest was good for the ecological environment and forest economics. Accordingly the configuration of agriculture production should be suitably changed, and the traffic should be improved. Then the social economics and environment could be developed sustainable.
Influence of Urbanization on Haze
Authors: Mao Min Juan , Meng Yan Jun , Pu Jing Jiao
Published: September 2013

Defense Meteorological Satellite-Operational Linescan System night-time emission data was applied as a proxy approach to assess urbanization level. Using this approach, it was found the spatial distribution of annual haze days was consistent with that of night-time light intensity in Zhejiang. The intensities of haze and night-time light in Northeastern Zhejiang were greater than those in Southwestern Zhejiang, and the same intensities were higher in coastal areas (than inland areas). The distributions of haze and night-time light both presented the features of regional clusters and boundary crossing between urban and rural areas. From 1960 to 2010, the annual haze days exhibited three change phases separated by two change jumps around 1979 and 2000. The first and second change jumps corresponded to the reform and opening-up and to the intensified urbanization, respectively. A close relationship between haze and total night-time light was found, and the correlation coefficients were higher than 0.9. In the long term, a negative correlation between relative humidity and visibility was observed, but the synchronous delaying trends of relative humidity and visibility reveal that the visibility delay was induced by increased pollutants. A comparison of the change trends of relative humidity, particle concentration, and visibility in Hangzhou and Linan indicates that an atmosphere with drier and heavier air pollution surrounds urban areas. Therefore, urbanization has a significant impact on haze.
A Study and Development of Frictional Materials Containing Fly Ash for Motorcycle Clutch Production
Authors: Laothanasakul Phongphat , Tujinda Karuna , Thongsang Sirinthorn
Published: September 2013

In this work, the properties of frictional materials for motorcycle clutch with fly ash replacements of some original substances were studied aiming to reduce the raw materials cost. The fly ash was obtained from the domestic BLCP power plant in Rayong, Thailand. Two replacement schemes were studied;1) all of the original ingredients comprising the clutch was replaced with 15-35 %wt. fly ash and 2) only the original ingredients with similar physical and chemical properties were replaced with 40-55 %wt. fly ash. The mechanical properties, the friction coefficient and the wear performance were then studied. In addition, micro-structural characterizations of the contact surface and the wear debris were carried out. It was found that the fly ash replacement to a certain level increased the hardness resulting in a decrease in the surface wear. The specimens with fly ash replacement were found to have smoother surface leading to a lower static friction coefficient. The dynamic friction coefficient was altered according to the wear debris characteristics. The prototypes with the optimum amount of fly ash, i.e. giving minimum cost with superior or similar properties to the original product, for each scheme was produced and tested on a dynamometer. The prototypes for the 1st and 2nd schemes were found to offer the reduction in the wear rates of approx. 22 to 56% with a reduction in the cost of raw materials of approx. 15 and 23%, respectively. Severe damage of the prototypes was observed slightly sooner than that found for the original product.
Creep Analysis of Polymer Matrix Composites by Finite Element Method Based on the Shift Factors Method
Authors: Chen Jian Zhong , Zhu Si Rong , Li Zhuo Qiu
Published: September 2013

Creep is one of important properties of polymer matrix composites (PMC).It can be analysis by finite element method (FEM).But creep will be affected by a lot of factors and the creep material parameters are very difficult to be obtained. Shift factors method is one simple method which can be used to obtain the creep properties by fewer tests. Here the basic method analysis of the creep of PMC by FEM was studied. Focus on the analysis of how the material parameters of finite element creep analysis needed to get through the shift factors method. Finally the actual PMC pipe structure is calculated by this method.The error of FEM result and theory result around 2%, the results show that this method has certain rationality and reliability.
Corrosion Characterization of High Moment Magnetic Material Coated with Diamond-Like Carbon
Authors: Supadee Laddawan , Chatruprachewin Santi , Suriya-Amaranont Chaba , Titiroongruang Wisut
Published: September 2013

In order to increase data storage density of hard drive, DLC overcoat thickness was decreased to allow read/write head to come closer to magnetic alloy of the disk, andwith maintaining the main purpose of the overcoat to provide good corrosion and mechanical protection for the underlying magnetic recording film under unfavorably environmental conditions and occasional reactions. Base on that the edges of topography will be weak point for deposition films cause of shadow effect during the process, its hard that deposition atomic will stay at the concave and convex of topography. DLC coverage performance at the edge of 3D topography becomes high sensitive with limited DLC films thickness. Currently the 3D profile of magnetic material that needs to protect with DLC, is about 2 nanometers with subnanometres DLC thickness. The enormous of data shrew corrosion pattern was usually happened at the edge of topography. Thus, the accelerated test or indirect methodology was applied for DLC integrity. This investigation was explore the methodology to verify the weakness of DLC films especially at the topography edges which is difficult for any direct metrology tools can pursue. With pore resistance, which related to the film structure, the electrochemical impedance indicated that DLC/Si3N4 is a suitable choice to against corrosion. However topography surface influence to DLC coverage. Controllable surface for DLC deposition also needed well defined. Two types of step height was created as 1 nm and 2 nm on (100) silicon substrate. The 20Å DLC film thickness was deposited on the silicon substrate with promised technique, Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arch (FCVA). After this process the aluminum (Al) was deposited on the surface of DLC film by using evaporation technique. The silicon substrate was driven to Al surface thro pin holes on the DLC film at 577OC. To detect the pin holes on the DLC film, the aluminum layer was removed by using wet etch chemical process. The SEM image indicates that the square pitting at the edge of DLC film obtained for 2nm step height was around 2nm depth. The latest experiment in this investigation to characterize 2.3 T magnetic moment material degradation with DLC/Si3N4 coating, was performed with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and AFM. The material with DLC overcoat after exposed to H2SO4 for 30 min, polarization resistance was increased for 2 times from uncoated material. Alternative charge transfer capacitance was reduced as desirable charge current.
Effects of HTPB with Different Molecular Weight on Mechanical Properties of HTPB/TDI System
Authors: Chen Chun Yan , Gao Li Long , Wang Xiao Feng
Published: September 2013

t is found that the molecular weight of Hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) influences curing behaviors of HTPB/2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) system and the mechanical properties of PBXs. Effects of the molecular weight of HTPB on the viscose viscosity,the cure time, and mechanical properties of polymer were studied by brookfield viscometer, hardness tester and tension test with the molecular weight of HTPB varying from 1500~4000.The experimental results show that the viscose viscosity increases slowly and the cure time is extended obviously,tensile strength decreases and elongation at break increases when the molecular weight of HTPB increases. Dynamic mechanical studies show that glass transition temperature and dynamic storage modulus decrease with the molecular weight of HTPB increasing.