bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of dichloridotetrakis(4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-κN
2)nickel(II) acetonitrile disolvate
Authors: Vynohradov Oleksandr S. , Davydenko Yuliya M. , Pavlenko Vadim A. , Naumova Dina D. , Shova Sergiu , Petlovanyi Denys
Published: November 2022

The title compound, [NiCl2(C4H6N2)4]·2CH3CN, is a mononuclear octahedral NiII pyrazole-based complex. Two acetonitrile molecules are linked to the NiII complex by N—H...N hydrogen bonds. The NiII atom is octahedrally coordinated by four N atoms of four 4-methyl-1H-pyrazole ligands, forming the equatorial plane. The axial positions are occupied by two Cl atoms. [NiCl2(C4H6N2)4]·2CH3CN was synthesized by the reaction of 4-methyl-1H-pyrazole with nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate in acetonitrile solution under ambient conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. A Hirshfeld surface analysis was performed, which suggests that the most important contributions to the surface contacts are from H...H (62.1%), H...N/N...H (13.7%), H...C/C...H (13.4%) and H...Cl/Cl...H (10.1%) interactions.
Crystal structure of 2-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)amino]-1H-benz[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione
Authors: Pollock Alicia A. , Huther Holly A. , Birch Cole M. , Reinheimer Eric W. , Lewis David E. , Gerlach Deidra L.
Published: November 2022

The structure of the title compound, C30H42N4O2, has orthorhombic (Pbca) symmetry. This compound comprises a 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide core with a 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl substituent bonded to each nitrogen atom. The structure displays N—H...O hydrogen bonding. The structure exhibits disorder of the main molecule.
Training students in inter- and transdisciplinary sustainability education: nurturing cross-faculty staff commitment and continuous community collaboration
Authors: Tijsma Geertje , Horn Annemarie , Urias Eduardo , Zweekhorst Marjolein B.M.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To properly address complex sustainability issues, higher education institutes (HEIs), such as universities, need to implement innovative educational programmes that adhere to transdisciplinary principles. This study aims to contribute to the understanding of how to do so across and beyond a university.

Design/methodology/approach

This study presents a module comprising two courses, the first of which centres on the identification of sustainability issues in student-led multi-actor dialogue sessions and the second on addressing those sustainability issues through interdisciplinary collaboration among master’s students who are at the same time also working on their own thesis. The authors conducted continuous evaluations during the first two pilot years, including community (partners), faculty and student perspectives.

Findings

The authors found that the module was successful in training students for inter- and transdisciplinarity. Moreover, high levels of commitment were observed from a diverse range of students and faculty across one HEI as well as positive responses from the community (partners) involved in the module. Further improvements of the module rely on active buy-in from programme directors and ensuring continuous collaboration throughout the co-creation process by streamlining the translation of the issues into manageable research projects with specific research questions.

Practical implications

This study provides inspiration and lessons on how to implement university-wide inter- and transdisciplinary module into higher education.

Originality/value

The module is innovative in combining university-wide and interdisciplinary learning with and transdisciplinary learning through long-term, co-creational collaboration within and beyond the university.
Who does it better and why? Empirical analysis of public-private partnership in infrastructure in Asia-Pacific
Authors: Sharma Chandan
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This research has two primary goals: first, to develop a composite index that evaluates the degree to which Asian–Pacific economies are prepared to engage in public–private partnerships (PPPs), and second, to investigate the factors that have been most influential in the formation of PPP arrangements in the nations' infrastructure over the course of the period 1995–2016.

Design/methodology/approach

The study constructs sectoral and overall index of possible determinants of PPP. Subsequently, it examines each constructed index's role in PPP investment. The author also conducted a panel data analysis to understand the role of each of the potential determinants on PPP projects and investments. This paper analyzes the author’s empirical models using a range of cross-section and panel estimators, including Poisson, zero-inflated Poisson and fixed effect.

Findings

The study’s results based on cross-section analysis suggest that regulatory and institution quality, institutional arrangement and regulatory frameworks, financial market development and macroeconomic stability positively impact investment in PPP. Moreover, the results depict that financial market development has the most substantial impact on PPP investment, followed by macroeconomic stability and prior experience with PPPs. The panel data analysis shows that per-capita income, financial development, inflation, debt, resource import and fuel export are crucial determinants of PPP in Asian–Pacific economies.

Practical implications

Governments of the countries should promptly amend the important policies outlined in this study and adopt a more robust strategy to foster a competitive PPP environment. This will aid in maintaining transparency and gaining the confidence of investors. The study’s findings may assist policymakers in focusing on specific areas in need of improvement. Social welfare and industrialization are ultimately enhanced by the formulation of such policies and by attracting additional infrastructure investment.

Originality/value

This is the first attempt to rank countries on the basis of PPP enablers. Unlike previous studies, this study examines the role of a large number of indicators in determining PPP investment and projects in cross-section as well as panel data framework. The study also investigates the effects of PPP specific provisions and rules. Furthermore, the focus is specifically on Asian–Pacific countries, which are a mix of third-world, emerging, developing and developed countries. Focusing on Asia–Pacific is also crucial because the region is home to most of the world's population, and the region's infrastructure outcomes significantly impact their lives.
Up, up and away! The metaphor of verticality and the moderating role of regulatory focus in price assessments
Authors: Costa Marconi Freitas da , Angelo Claudio Felisoni de , Farias Salomão Alencar de
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of the metaphor of verticality on how individuals assess prices, having regulatory focus as a moderator of this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

Two experiments were conducted with a 2 × 2 between-subjects design (metaphor of verticality: physically higher vs physically lower × regulatory focus: promotion vs prevention). The second study performed moderated mediation by incorporating the self-esteem variable.

Findings

The results show that the treatment group consisting of prevention-focused individuals who consider themselves physically higher assessed prices according to what was proposed for the study compared to the group consisting of promotion-focused individuals who consider themselves physically lower. Participants in Treatment Group 1 attributed the lowest prices to products, demanded more significant discounts to go to another store searching for a product and considered the prices more unfair.

Originality/value

The primary contribution of this study is to reveal that the position of one's body on the vertical axis influences their thoughts and, therefore, their decision-making in the scope of products and services prices. Moreover, regulatory focus can attenuate such effects.
Total factor productivity change in China's grain production sector: 1980–2018
Authors: Zheng Zhihao , Cheng Shen , Henneberry Shida R.
Published: November 2022

This study analyses changes in total factor productivity (TFP) of grains as an aggregate commodity and major grain crops including rice, wheat, and corn, using pooled provincial and time‐series data from 1980 to 2018 for China. Results show that the growth of TFP in the grain sector was driven by technical improvements. Moreover, the grain output and wheat production benefited more from TFP growth, whereas the growth in the usage of inputs drove the growth in rice and corn production. Findings also indicate that the laissez‐faire market‐oriented policy led to a dramatic fall in output while the intervention‐led policy resulted in a substantial rise in output, but neither of them fostered the growth of productivity. Conversely, the incentive‐led policy in a market‐oriented environment that raised the comparative profitability in grain production promoted the growth in both output and productivity in the grain sector. As the comparative advantage shifts away from agriculture in China, an appropriate support is thus necessary to stimulate farmers' incentive in growing grain crops.
Impact of the COVID‐19 lockdown on gifted and non‐gifted primary school students' well‐being and motivation from a self‐determination perspective
Authors: Samsen‐Bronsveld H. Elise , Van der Ven Sanne H.G. , Speetjens Paula P.A.M. , Bakx Anouke W.E.A.
Published: November 2022

This study examined the impact of the COVID‐19‐induced school lockdown on need satisfaction, well‐being and motivation in both gifted and non‐gifted primary school students in the Netherlands. A total of 312 parents (122 from gifted children) participated. The lockdown had mainly negative effects on students' need satisfaction, well‐being and motivation. However, the impact of the lockdown was less negative for gifted students. There was also a levelling effect: Before the lockdown, gifted students had lower need satisfaction, well‐being and motivation than their non‐gifted peers, but these differences decreased during the lockdown due to (stronger) declines in the non‐gifted. Changes in non‐gifted students' well‐being and motivation, because of the lockdown, were negatively mediated by autonomy and relatedness with classmates. Among the gifted, this was positively mediated by competence. Only before the lockdown, the effects of giftedness on well‐being and motivation were mediated by autonomy and relatedness satisfaction.
Influence of high‐pressure processing on nutritional composition and bioactive compounds of Phaseolus coccineus L
Authors: Redondo‐Cuenca Araceli , Pedrosa Mercedes Martín , Sanz Ma Dolores Tenorio , Alvarado López Alejandra N. , Garcia‐Alonso Alejandra
Published: November 2022

The influence of high‐pressure processing (HPP) prior to cooking on nutritional composition and bioactive compounds content of four varieties of Phaseolus coccineus L. was studied. Cooking and HPP+C increased the protein content. However, minerals, total carbohydrates, ciceritol and α‐galactosides were reduced. Fat was not affected by cooking but decreased after HPP+C. For dietary fiber, the behavior observed was different depending on the sample and the treatment applied. HPP+C could be considered a good processing technology to retain the advantageous lower myo‐inositol phosphates isoforms and supply prebiotic oligosaccharides. The trypsin inhibitors activity was lower in the cooked and HPP+C samples; however, there were no significant differences between both thermal treatments. Thus, HPP+C reduced cooking time and preserving or improving the nutritional composition of the beans and their bioactive compounds content.
Plasma IGFBP‐1, Fas, kallistatin, and P‐selectin as predictive biomarkers of histologic chorioamnionitis and associated intra‐amniotic infection in women with preterm labor
Authors: Lee Kyong‐No , Cho Iseop , Im Eun Mi , Oh Eunji , Park Kyo Hoon
Published: November 2022

Problem

To determine whether altered levels of 13 plasma biomarkers, alone or in combination, could be independently associated with histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA) and microbial‐associated HCA (defined as the presence of HCA along with microbial invasion) in women with preterm labor (PTL).

Methods of Study

This was a retrospective cohort study involving 77 singleton pregnant women with PTL (23–34 gestational weeks) who delivered within 96 h of plasma and amniotic fluid (AF) sampling. DKK‐3, E‐selectin, Fas, haptoglobin, IGFBP‐1, kallistatin, MMP‐2, MMP‐8, pentraxin 3, progranulin, P‐selectin, SAA4, and TGFBI levels were assayed in plasma samples by ELISA. AF obtained via amniocentesis was used for microorganism identification.

Results

Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed significant associations between low plasma IGFBP‐1 levels and acute HCA, and between low plasma Fas and kallistatin levels, and elevated plasma P‐selectin levels and microbial‐associated HCA (all p < .05), after adjusting for gestational age. Using a stepwise regression procedure, a multi‐biomarker panel for microbial‐associated HCA was developed, which included plasma MMP‐2, kallistatin, and P‐selectin levels (area under the curve [AUC], .867). The AUC for this three‐marker panel was significantly or borderline significantly greater than that of any single variable included in the panel. However, a predictive model for acute HCA could not be developed because only one variable (MMP‐2) was selected.

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate that IGFBP‐1, Fas, kallistatin, and P‐selectin are associated with acute HCA and microbial‐associated HCA in women with PTL. Their combined use can significantly improve the diagnostic ability for the detection of microbial‐associated HCA.
Sustaining rural pharmacy workforce understanding key attributes for enhanced retention and recruitment
Authors: Terry Daniel , Peck Blake , Hills Danny , Bishop Jaclyn , Kirschbaum Mark , Obamiro Kehinde , Phan Hoang , Baker Ed , Schmitz David
Published: November 2022

Objective

To pilot the Pharmacist Community Apgar Questionnaire (PharmCAQ) and evaluate its usability and capacity to develop a greater understanding of the unique factors that impact the rural recruitment and retention of pharmacists.

Design

Cross‐sectional design involving face‐to‐face, telephone or video conferencing interviews.

Setting

Twelve rural communities across Tasmania and Western Victoria, Australia.

Participants

Participants (n = 24) included pharmacists, a Director of Clinical Services, pharmacy practice managers and senior pharmacy assistants.

Main Outcome Measures

Interviews enabled the completion of the PharmCAQ, which assigns quantitative values to 50 key factors to ascertain a community's strengths and challenges associated with recruitment and retention and their relative importance to the pharmacist workforce.

Results

The cumulative PharmCAQ scores indicated the tool was sensitive enough to differentiate high‐ and low‐performing communities. Overall, the highest‐rated factors considered most vital to pharmacist recruitment and retention were the reputation of the pharmacy, the ability of the pharmacist to be independent and autonomous, the loyalty of the community to the pharmacy, the level and stability of monetary compensation and the breadth of tasks available to a pharmacist.

Conclusions

This study identified the strengths and challenges of participating communities and provided an insight into the shared factors to consider in recruiting and retaining pharmacists. Further, each community has unique strengths that can further be promoted in recruitment, flagging where limited resources are best used to address site specific challenges. This is more likely to ensure the matching of the right candidate with the right community.
Associations of liver fat content with cardiometabolic phenotypes and outcomes in a multi‐ethnic population: Results from the Dallas Heart Study
Authors: Le Minh‐da , Wu Yiling , Berry Jarett D. , Browning Jeffrey D. , de Lemos James A. , Neeland Ian J. , Lingvay Ildiko
Published: November 2022

Aims

To evaluate the associations between liver fat content and cardiometabolic parameters to explore potential threshold values that define metabolically healthy liver fat content, and to examine the association of liver fat content with cardiovascular events as well as its longitudinal progression.

Methods

Participants in the Dallas Heart Study underwent clinical evaluation, including laboratory testing, and liver fat quantification by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at baseline (N = 2287) and at follow‐up (N = 343) after a mean of 7.3 years. Cardiovascular events were adjudicated (>12 years).

Results

The mean age at study entry was 44 years, 47% of participants were men, and 48% were African American. The following cardiometabolic biomarkers worsened across liver fat quintiles (P < 0.0001): body mass index (BMI); waist circumference; prevalence of hypertension; prevalence of diabetes; cholesterol, triglyceride, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (CRP), leptin and fasting glucose levels; homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA‐IR); coronary artery calcium score; visceral adipose tissue; abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue; and lower body subcutaneous adipose tissue. Cardiovascular events were comparable across groups defined by tertile of baseline liver fat content. Change in BMI (R = 0.40), waist circumference (R = 0.35), CRP (R = 0.31), alanine aminotransferase (R = 0.27), HOMA‐IR (R = 0.26), aspartate transaminase (R = 0.15) and triglycerides (R = 0.12) significantly correlated with change in liver fat content (P < 0.01 for all).

Conclusion

Clinically relevant metabolic abnormalities were higher across quintiles of liver fat, with increases noted well within normal liver fat ranges, but cardiovascular events were not associated with liver fat content. Longitudinal changes in metabolic parameters, especially adiposity‐related parameters, were correlated with change in liver fat content.
An explanation for unexpected population crashes in a constant environment
Authors: Johnson Evan C. , Hastings Alan , Ray Chris
Published: November 2022

Unexpected population crashes are an important feature of natural systems, yet many observed crashes have not been explained. Two difficulties in explaining population crashes are their relative rarity and the multi‐causal nature of ecological systems. We approach this issue with experimental microcosms, with large numbers of replicates of red flour beetle populations (Tribolium castaneum). We determined that population crashes are caused by an interaction between stochasticity and successive episodes of density dependence: demographic stochasticity in oviposition rates occasionally produces a high density of eggs; so high that there are insufficient flour resources for subsequent larvae. This mechanism can explain unexpected population crashes in more general settings: stochasticity ‘pushes’ population into a regime where density dependence is severely overcompensatory. The interaction between nonlinearity and stochasticity also produces chaotic population dynamics and a double‐humped one‐generation population map, suggesting further possibilities for unexpected behaviour in a range of systems. We discuss the generality of our proposed mechanism, which could potentially account for previously inexplicable population crashes.
Epilepsy center characteristics and geographic region influence presurgical testing in the United States
Authors: Ahrens Stephanie M. , Arredondo Kristen H. , Bagić Anto I. , Bai Shasha , Chapman Kevin E. , Ciliberto Michael A. , Clarke Dave F. , Eisner Mariah , Fountain Nathan B. , Gavvala Jay R. , Perry M. Scott , Rossi Kyle C. , Wong‐Kisiel Lily C. , Herman Susan T. , Ostendorf Adam P. ,   NAEC Center Director Study Group
Published: November 2022

Objective

Persons with drug‐resistant epilepsy may benefit from epilepsy surgery and should undergo presurgical testing to determine potential candidacy and appropriate intervention. Institutional expertise can influence use and availability of evaluations and epilepsy surgery candidacy. This census survey study aims to examine the influence of geographic region and other center characteristics on presurgical testing for medically intractable epilepsy.

Methods

We analyzed annual report and supplemental survey data reported in 2020 from 206 adult epilepsy center directors and 136 pediatric epilepsy center directors in the United States. Test utilization data were compiled with annual center volumes, available resources, and US Census regional data. We used Wilcoxon rank‐sum, Kruskal–Wallis, and chi‐squared tests for univariate analysis of procedure utilization. Multivariable modeling was also performed to assign odds ratios (ORs) of significant variables.

Results

The response rate was 100% with individual element missingness < 11% across 342 observations undergoing univariate analysis. A total of 278 complete observations were included in the multivariable models, and significant regional differences were present. For instance, compared to centers in the South, those in the Midwest used neuropsychological testing (OR = 2.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2–6.86; p = .018) and fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography (OR = 2.74, 95% CI = = 1.14–6.61; p = .025) more commonly. For centers in the Northeast (OR = .46, 95% CI = .23–.93; p = .031) and West (OR = .41, 95% CI = .19–.87; p = .022), odds of performing single‐photon emission computerized tomography were lower by nearly 50% compared to those in the South. Center accreditation level, demographics, volume, and resources were also associated with varying individual testing rates.

Significance

Presurgical testing for drug‐resistant epilepsy is influenced by US geographic region and other center characteristics. These findings have potential implications for comparing outcomes between US epilepsy centers and may inject disparities in access to surgical treatment.
Evolution of reproductive life‐history and dispersal traits during the range expansion of a biological control agent
Authors: Clark Eliza I. , Bitume Ellyn V. , Bean Dan W. , Stahlke Amanda R. , Hohenlohe Paul A. , Hufbauer Ruth A.
Published: November 2022

Evolutionary theory predicts that the process of range expansion will lead to differences in life‐history and dispersal traits between the core and edge of a population. At the edge, selection and genetic drift can have opposing effects on reproductive ability, while spatial sorting by dispersal ability can increase dispersal. However, the context that individuals experience, including population density and mating status, also impacts dispersal behavior. We seek to understand the shifts in traits of populations expanding across natural, heterogenous environments, and the evolutionary and behavioral factors that may drive those shifts. We evaluated theoretical predictions for evolution of reproductive life‐history and dispersal traits using the range expansion of a biological control agent, Diorhabda carinulata, or northern tamarisk beetle. We find that individuals from the edge had increased fecundity and female body mass, and reduced age at first reproduction, indicating that genetic load is low and suggesting that selection has acted at the edge. We also find that density of conspecifics during rearing and mating status influence dispersal of males and that dispersal increases at the edge of the range under certain conditions, particularly when males were unmated and reared at low density. The restricted conditions in which dispersal has increased suggest that spatial sorting has exerted weak effects relative to other potential processes. Our results support most theoretical predictions about evolution during range expansion, even across a heterogeneous environment, especially when the ecological context is considered.
Saying “no” to academic service
Authors: Liston Adrian
Published: November 2022

Academic service roles, including governance, mentoring, committee work and reviewing, are essential for the profession. A successful academic career, however, requires balancing these service roles with your primary objectives. Here I discuss strategies for saying “no” to additional service commitments with academics across the career spectrum.
Evaluation of lead‐based echodensities on transesophageal echocardiogram in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices
Authors: Patel Neel J. , Singleton Matthew J. , Brunetti Ryan , Richardson Karl M. , Bhave Prashant D.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is recommended to rule out endocarditis in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED). A lead‐based echodensity (LBE), however, is often found on TEE in patients with a CIED and may not represent an infection. We sought to evaluate the predictors, characteristics, and clinical significance of LBEs seen on TEE in patients with a CIED.

Methods

Patients with a CIED were retrospectively identified from a database using International Classification of Diseases (ICD)‐9/ICD‐10 codes and were cross‐matched with Current Procedural Terminology codes for a TEE. Clinical and follow‐up data were collected. A blinded echo board‐certified cardiologist reviewed all TEEs.

Results

Out of the 231 patients in the cohort, 191 had TEE performed for a noninfection‐related indication while 40 TEEs were part of an endocarditis workup. A total of 50 LBEs were identified, and a majority were in the noninfection cohort. Systemic anticoagulant use in the noninfection cohort was associated with a decreased odds of having LBE on TEE (odds ratio [OR] of 0.23 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06–0.60, p = .003]). Lead dwell time in the noninfection cohort was associated with an increased odds of having LBE on TEE (OR 1.21 (95% CI: 1.04–1.39, p = .009]).

Conclusion

In our cohort of patients who had TEE for noninfection indications we found that systemic anticoagulant use is associated with fewer LBEs on TEEs, suggesting possible thrombin fibrin composition of LBE.
Not just for the birds: Spiders as natural enemies of spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana, Clem.)
Authors: Bowden Joseph J. , van der Meer Berni , Moise Eric R. D. , Johns Rob C. , Williams Martin
Published: November 2022

(1) The eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana, Clem.) is a native irruptive forest pest that defoliates spruce‐fir forests throughout North America's boreal zone. (2) Past studies suggest that successful spruce budworm population control requires high natural mortality from a variety of sources, including predators, especially from parasitoids and birds. While well represented in many different ecosystems, the role of generalist predatory spiders in these boreal systems remains largely unstudied. (3) To determine the identity and percentage of spiders preying upon spruce budworm, we hand‐collected spiders from balsam fir (Abies balsamea) in stands with relatively high spruce budworm densities from forests in insular Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. (4) Using a spruce budworm‐specific TaqMan real‐time PCR assay, we successfully amplified spruce budworm DNA in 32% of collected spiders. After spider molecular barcoding, we found the web builders Grammonota angusta Dondale, Pityohyphantes (aff. subarcticus), Dictyna brevitarsa Emerton and Estrandia grandaeva (Keyserling) represented 58% of the spiders feeding on spruce budworm, and the wandering hunter Philodromus rufus Dondale represented 11.8%. (5) Our molecular approach was an effective means with which to identify recently consumed prey and natural enemies in this boreal system.
Emotion, ethics, epistemology: What can shame ‘do’ in medical education?
Authors: Lusk Penelope
Published: November 2022

Background: Recent empirical studies have described and theorized a culture of shame within medical education in the Anglo‐American context (Bynum). Shame is universal and highly social human emotion characterized by a sense of feeling objectified and judged negatively, in contrast to one's own self‐concept. Shame has both an embodied and a relational dimension. Shame is considered especially relevant in healthcare settings (Dolezal and Lyons), and the tenets of patient care within the medical profession include respecting the dignity and upholding the safety of patients. However, shame is frequently deployed as a teaching tool within medical training. Method: Here I ask, what can shame do in medical education (Ahmed)? What epistemic and relational conditions does it construct? I draw from philosophical voices in higher education to illuminate how shaming practices in medical education can undermine dignity safety (Callan), preclude inclusivity, and in the context of the hierarchical and marginalizing medical system, propagate epistemic injustice (Fricker). Discussion: This argument shows how shame in education can be both phenomenologically and normatively problematic and may act differently upon students who experience marginalization and those who are majoritized. I further suggest that a medical education system which upholds the epistemological and relational frameworks of power, shame, and epistemic injustice, underscores those frameworks in the medical system at large, disserving individual patients who are already at risk of suffering epistemic injustice (Carel), and society at large. Conclusion: This analysis of shame in medical education focuses on the highly relational and interpersonal elements of learning to live and work in the medical system, highlighting the need for respect, trust, and resistance to reorient the relational learning environment toward individual and systemic forms of justice.
The CRISPR Revolution in Genome Engineering: Perspectives from Religious Ethics
Authors: Lee Jung
Published: November 2022

This focus issue considers the normative implications of the recent emergence in genome editing technology known as CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) or CRISPR‐associated protein 9. Originally discovered in the adaptive immune systems of bacteria and archaea, CRISPR enables researchers to make efficient and site‐specific modifications to the genomes of cells and organisms. More accessible, precise, and economic than previous gene editing technologies, CRISPR holds the promise of not only transforming the fields of genetics, agriculture, and human medicine, but also heralding a new era of democratized biotechnology. However, the speed with which developments in the field have progressed threatens to overwhelm our normative sensibilities about the long‐term practical and ethical implications. The contributors to this focus issue attempt to think through some of the more salient moral and practical consequences of CRISPR in the context of religious ethics, particularly as they relate to themes of autonomy, human flourishing, social justice, and the ethics of enhancement.
Infrahuman madness: Mental health nursing and the discursive production of alterity
Authors: Adam Simon , Jiang Cindy , Mikhail Marina , Juergensen Linda
Published: November 2022

By examining an exemplar sample of mental health nursing educational policies and related legislation, in this article, we trace the discursive production of madness as an “othered” identity category. We engage in a critical discourse analysis of mental health nursing education in Canada, drawing on provincial and federal policies and legislation as the main sources of data. Theoretically framed by critical posthumanism and mad studies, this article outlines how the mad subjectivity becomes decontextualized out of its identity‐based understanding and recontextualized as an inferior category of “the human,” circulating within discourses of pedagogy, economics, law, and psychiatry. The article maps the intertextual nexus of the discourse of mental health nursing education, making visible the complex, the arbitrary, and the sometimes‐contradictory nature of the discipline's grappling with identity‐based mental health concepts. We close with several implications for nursing policy, education, and practice.
Niche partitioning overrides interspecific competition to determine plant species distributions along a nutrient gradient
Authors: Wandrag Elizabeth M. , Catford Jane A. , Duncan Richard P.
Published: November 2022

Changes in some combination of niche availability, niche overlap and the strength of interspecific interactions are thought to drive changes in plant composition along resource gradients. However, because these processes are difficult to measure in the field, their relative importance in driving compositional change in plant communities remains unclear. In an Australian temperate grassland, we added seeds of three native and three exotic grasses to 1875 experimental plots in a way that allowed us to simultaneously estimate niche availability, niche overlap and the strength of pairwise interspecific interactions along a gradient of nutrient availability, obtained by adding 0, 5 or 20 g m−2 each of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium jointly to plots. Niche availability (the proportion of microsites suitable for establishment and growth) was generally low and did not vary in response to nutrient addition. Most species co‐occurred along the nutrient gradient by partitioning the available niche space. Where species interacted due to niche overlap, the abundance of one species, the native Chloris truncata, was usually facilitated by other species, with each of the five other species increasing the niche availability to C. truncata under at least one nutrient treatment. Chloris truncata also competitively excluded two species from some but not all sites they could otherwise have occupied. These outcomes did not clearly differ across nutrient treatments. Our results show that fine‐scale spatial heterogeneity in establishment microsites can enable species to co‐occur via niche partitioning, and competitive exclusion is rare. This finding contributes to an emerging picture that niche partitioning is common and frequently a stronger influence on recruitment outcomes than interspecific competition. The importance of competition in structuring plant communities may be overestimated if recruitment processes are overlooked.
A singleplex IgE test to a mixture of molecules from multiple airborne allergen sources: Innovating in vitro screening of respiratory allergies
Authors: Potapova Ekaterina , Panetta Valentina , Grabenhenrich Linus , Icke Katja , Grübl Armin , Müller Christoph , Zepp Fred , Schuster Antje , Wahn Ulrich , Lau Susanne , Keil Thomas , Matricardi Paolo Maria
Published: November 2022

Background

In vitro immunoglobulin E (IgE) tests can be better standardized if based on molecules rather than extracts. However, singleplex screening tests for respiratory or food allergies are still based on extracts only.

Target

To validate a novel singleplex IgE screening test for respiratory allergies, based on a mix of major allergenic molecules Der p 1, Der p 2, Fel d 1, Can f 1, Can f 2, Can f 3, Can f 5, Bet v 1, Phl p 1, and Art v 1 (Molecular SX01, NOVEOS, HYCOR, USA), and requiring only four microliters (μl) of serum.

Methods

We examined six subsets of sera from participants of the German Multicenter Allergy Study (MAS) birth cohort enrolling 1314 newborns during 1990: (1) monosensitized (n = 58); (2) polysensitized (n = 24); (3) nonsensitized, with total IgE levels above (n = 24) or (4) below (n = 24) 300 kU/L; (5) sensitized to milk and/or egg but not to airborne allergens (n = 24); and (6) sera of children aged ≤5 years at their earliest IgE monosensitization to airborne allergens (n = 41). Sera were analyzed with the novel molecular SX01 test (NOVEOS) and with three categories of comparators: ImmunoCAP Phadiatop SX01, extracts, and molecules of D. pteronyssinus, cat, dog, grass, and birch. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Quantitative interrelationships were determined using Spearman's rank‐order correlation coefficient and Bland–Altmann plots.

Results

The molecular SX01 test predicted the outcome of IgE tests based on molecules, extracts, or Phadiatop in 188 (96.4%), 171 (87.7%), and 171 (87.7%) of the 195 sera, respectively. Accordingly, sensitivity was 93.5%, 89.0%, and 82.4%, whereas specificity was 100%, 97.6%, and 96.1% when compared with molecular, extract, and Phadiatop tests, respectively. Inconsistent outcomes were largely confined to sera with IgE‐Ab levels around the cutoff value of 0.35 kU/L, except for 5/195 (2.5%) sera, containing high levels of IgE to Phl p 5 and/or Alt a 1 only. IgE levels measured by the molecular SX01 test and with IgE tests to molecules, extracts, and Phadiatop were highly correlated (rho 0.90; p < .001), (rho 0.87, p < .001), (rho 0.84, p < .001), respectively. The novel molecular SX01 test detected IgE‐Ab in 27/28 (sensitivity 96.4%) of the sera of preschool children at their earliest IgE sensitization to the same molecules.

Discussion

Our study validates the prototype of a novel category of IgE test, based on molecular mixes. The test's rather good precision and accuracy in early screening IgE sensitization to airborne allergens in German children may be further improved by adding a few other molecules, such as Phl p 5 and Alt a 1.
Epistemic obligations and free speech
Authors: Millar Boyd
Published: November 2022

Philosophical discussions of free speech often focus on moral considerations such as the harm that certain forms of expression might cause. However, in addition to our moral obligations, we also have a distinct set of epistemic obligations—and even when a false belief doesn't harm anyone, it constitutes an epistemically bad outcome. Moreover, the existing psychological evidence suggests that human beings are vulnerable to the influence of a wide variety of false claims via a wide variety of psychological mechanisms. Taken together, these facts suggest that there is a purely epistemic justification for restricting the distribution of misinformation: Because each of us has an individual epistemic obligation to avoid unnecessary exposure to misinformation, and because avoiding such exposure is simply too difficult when acting alone, we all have a shared epistemic obligation to establish laws or regulations restricting the widespread distribution of misinformation.
Deceiving versus manipulating: An evidence‐based definition of deception
Authors: Fallis Don
Published: November 2022

What distinguishes deception from manipulation? Cohen (Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 96, 483 and 2018) proposes a new answer and explores its ethical implications. Appealing to new cases of “non‐deceptive manipulation” that involve intentionally causing a false belief, he offers a new definition of deception in terms of communication that rules out these counterexamples to the traditional definition. And, he leverages this definition in support of the claim that deception “carries heavier moral weight” than manipulation. In this paper, I argue that these cases of “non‐deceptive manipulation” are even more prevalent than Cohen suggests—especially in the digital world. Thus, if his moral claim were correct, a lot of what is happening on the internet these days would constitute moral improvement over old‐fashioned deception. Fortunately, we are not forced to accept this counterintuitive conclusion. Cohen's definition must be rejected because it incorrectly rules out clear instances of deception. In this paper, I defend a definition of deception in terms of evidence that does correctly distinguish between deception and non‐deceptive manipulation. Moreover, it does not support Cohen's claim that deception is morally worse than other forms of manipulation.
Disaster risk and artificial intelligence: A framework to characterize conceptual synergies and future opportunities
Authors: Thekdi Shital , Tatar Unal , Santos Joost , Chatterjee Samrat
Published: November 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) methods have revolutionized and redefined the landscape of data analysis in business, healthcare, and technology. These methods have innovated the applied mathematics, computer science, and engineering fields and are showing considerable potential for risk science, especially in the disaster risk domain. The disaster risk field has yet to define itself as a necessary application domain for AI implementation by defining how to responsibly balance AI and disaster risk. (1) How is AI being used for disaster risk applications; and how are these applications addressing the principles and assumptions of risk science, (2) What are the benefits of AI being used for risk applications; and what are the benefits of applying risk principles and assumptions for AI‐based applications, (3) What are the synergies between AI and risk science applications, and (4) What are the characteristics of effective use of fundamental risk principles and assumptions for AI‐based applications? This study develops and disseminates an online survey questionnaire that leverages expertise from risk and AI professionals to identify the most important characteristics related to AI and risk, then presents a framework for gauging how AI and disaster risk can be balanced. This study is the first to develop a classification system for applying risk principles for AI‐based applications. This classification contributes to understanding of AI and risk by exploring how AI can be used to manage risk, how AI methods introduce new or additional risk, and whether fundamental risk principles and assumptions are sufficient for AI‐based applications.
Accuracy of vacant housing detection models: An empirical evaluation using municipal and national census datasets
Authors: Sayuda Kanta , Hong Euijung , Akiyama Yuki , Baba Hiroki , Tokudomi Tomoya , Akatani Toshihiko
Published: November 2022

In Japan, the rise in vacant housing has created the need to develop quick, effective, and inexpensive methods to detect the spatial distribution of vacant housing at the municipal level. However, due to incomplete and inaccessible data, the change in the accuracy of the vacant housing detection model must be evaluated while accounting for the limited data. Therefore, this study compares the performance of vacant housing detection models for different data combinations (Basic Resident Register; building registration, water usage, and national census) by considering Wakayama City, Japan, as the case study setting. Three main findings emerged: (1) the contribution of the data to the accuracy varies with the combination of datasets and metrics; (2) even if specific municipal data are unavailable, it is possible to acquire a similar accuracy by combining other data; and (3) the missing value contributes to the vacant housing detection rather than the feature value itself.
Exploring the spatiotemporal characteristics of intracity travels by time series clustering: A case study of Beijing
Authors: Jiang Heping , Yi Disheng , Liu Ruihua , Luo Shijia , Zhang Jing
Published: November 2022

Exploring spatiotemporal characteristics of residents' travel is a fundamental task in the field of urban studies. Time series clustering is one of the useful methods to distinguish those characteristics of intracity travel. However, previous studies focused more on exploring the spatiotemporal characteristics in urban centers. For understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics in suburbs, we combined the Shape Based Distance (SBD) based on the Discrete Fourier Transformation (DFT) similarity measurement method and the Affinity Propagation (AP) clustering method to cluster time series of each Traffic Analyze Zone (TAZ). The method performed well both in urban centers and suburbs. There are nine clusters on weekdays and seven clusters on weekends. These clusters reflect different travel characteristics. To further understand the difference between these travel characteristics, Points of Interest (POI) data were employed to analyze attractors of travel. Work‐oriented, Residence‐oriented and Attraction‐oriented are three main attractors on weekdays. Meanwhile, there are four attractors on weekends which are Recreation‐oriented, Residence‐oriented, Attraction‐oriented and Work‐oriented. This research has a certain theoretical and practical value for understanding urban formation evolution and urban planning.
Bi-LSTM-Based Dynamic Prediction Model for Pulling Speed of Czochralski Single-Crystal Furnace
Authors: Feng Zhengyuan , Hu Xiaoliang , Tian Zengguo , Jiang Baozhu , Zhang Hongshuai , Zhang Wanli
Published: November 2022

With the rapid development of microelectronics science and technology, the quality of IC-grade silicon single crystal directly affects the yield and stability of the performance of semiconductor device production. As the main equipment for the preparation of such materials, the monitoring and maintenance of the working condition of the single crystal furnace are crucial. Bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) is an innovative neural network paradigm that is used to predict future occurrences by learning the bi-directional long-term dependencies of time-steps and serial data. This paper built a Bi-LSTM based model that can dynamically predict the pulling speed of a Czochralski (Cz) single-crystal furnace by modeling the time series of operational parameters. The Bi-LSTM model is validated using real data from a silicon single-crystal factory. It is proven that the model achieved higher accuracy than LSTM, ANN, SVR, and XGBOOST. The experimental results verify the validity of modeling the pulling speed of single-crystal furnace devices through the Bi-LSTM model by using the time series of multi-dimensional parameters. Therefore, the Bi-LSTM model can serve as a reference for modeling the parameters of such devices.
Synthesis of short-wave infrared Ge1−ySny semiconductors directly on Si(100) via ultralow temperature molecular routes for monolithic integration applications
Authors: Xu Chi , Hu Ting , Zhang Aixin , Ringwala Dhruve A. , Menéndez José , Kouvetakis John
Published: November 2022

We report the synthesis of Ge1−ySny films containing 6%–13% Sn directly on Si(100) for monolithic integration applications, circumventing the use of conventional Ge-buffer layers. The films are produced in a gas source molecular epitaxy chamber at ultralow temperatures of 185–210 °C and a pressure of 10−5 Torr by the reactions of pure vapor Ge4H10 and SnD4 or SnH4 without carrier gases. Very small amounts of Si, incorporated via the Si4H10 precursor, can be used to improve the structural properties. All samples were characterized by XRD, RBS, IR-ellipsometry, AFM, and TEM, indicating the formation of monocrystalline single-phase films with relatively low defectivity and flat surfaces. A notable highlight is that the residual strains of the alloy layers are much lower compared to those grown on Ge buffers and can be further reduced by rapid thermal annealing without decomposition, indicating that growth on bare silicon should produce bulklike, high Sn content alloys that cannot be accessed using Ge buffers. N-type analogs of the above samples doped with phosphorus were also produced using P(SiH3)3 as the in situ dopant precursor. The results collectively illustrate the potential of our chemistry-based method to generate good quality Ge1−ySny layers directly on large area Si wafers bypassing Ge buffers that typically lead to complications such as multiple hetero-interfaces and epitaxial breakdown at high Sn concentrations.