bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ‘Ratio Legis’ of Article 177 of the Russian Criminal Code
Authors: ALLANINA Lilija M. , YUZIKHANOVA Elvira G. , KRETOVA Anastasia Yu. , IZUYMOV Igor V. , NASYROVA Nailja R.
Published: December 2018

In the article the authors examine intersystem relations and problems of deliberate evasion of the repayment of debts of a large size, or from the payment for securities, after the entry into legal force of an appropriate court judgment. The author pay attention to the construction of the crime, actus reusand its characteristics and to the main categories: accounts payable, organization, organization's manager and malignance. The analysis of judicial practice and the theory is carried out too.

The phrase ‘accounts payable’ has some blurry boundaries, and as a result, it causes considerable difficulties in the qualification of the act.

It is concluded that that the criminological characteristics of accounts payable are much narrower in comparison with the generally accepted in the civil doctrine interpretation of an obligation. A similar situation is with the treatment of the notion ‘organization's manager’. The specific of the legal status of the manager is in the civil and employment law relationships, that indicates its complex nature.

In this regard, at least two elements of the corpus delictiprovided by Article 177 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation relating to the object and to the subject of the crime contain private-law characteristics. These characteristics have legal content and meanings which remain controversial, for theoretical and practical reasons. The civilized category ‘conscientiousness’ is the cornerstone of the concept ‘malignance’ in the civil law. The category ‘conscientiousness’ or ‘good conscience’ (‘bona fides’) is, in turn, of an evaluative nature and has the highest form of abstraction. In the opinion of the authors, the ‘ratio legis’ of the criminal structure of Article 177 of the Criminal Code, hidden behind evaluative categories, should be reflected in the real possibility to enforce the judicial act. The disposition of the norm implies that the implementation of final rulings should be taken into account. Therefore, malignance in the behavior of the debtor cannot be judged without taking into account the entire procedure to be followed in enforcement proceedings.
Formation Issues and Development Prospects Contractual Base of Eurasian Economic Union
Authors: AMIRBEK Kamshat , KUBEYEV Yerkin , BOZHKARAULY Altai
Published: December 2018

This article sets the task to consider the main issues of the formation and development of the legal framework of the regional integration association of states – the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The development of international economic integration is impossible without a legal framework, since it is through bilateral and multilateral treaties, as well as domestic legislation, that the states parties to international economic integration carry out political decisions and ideas into real life. Prospects for the development of the Eurasian Economic Union require an analysis of new approaches to integration interaction, as well as the solution of certain legal problems. First of all, it concerns the legal support of the functioning of both the EAEU itself and the enactment of acts of its bodies. This article focuses on solving many legal problems in the framework of the implementation of customs cooperation between the Member States of the Union, as well as the adoption of national acts, the introduction of changes and amendments to national legislation.
Criteria of Risk Distribution in Contractual Obligations
Authors: ANTONOVA Natalia A. , LUNYOVA Elena N.
Published: December 2018

One of the topical issues of civil law is risk distribution in contractual obligation, as in the process of execution of a contract there may arise the circumstances that – against the parties’ will – cause violation of the obligation and make execution of the contract impossible or very difficult. Thus, there’s a necessity for common criteria of distribution of contractual risks that allow preventing the appearance of unfavorable consequences or compensating them with less cost. These criteria could be called criteria of economic expedience.
Kelime Başında Y Foneminin Düşmesi: Kâbûs-Nâme ve Türkiye Türkçesi Ağızları Örneği
Authors: BULDUK Türker Barış
Published: December 2018

Ses, dili oluşturan
en küçük yapı taşıdır. Sesler bir araya gelerek heceleri ve heceler de
birleşerek kelimeleri oluşturur. Seslerdeki değişmeler, düşmeler ya da
türemeler kelimenin başında, ortasında ya da sonunda gerçekleşebilir. Bu durum
kelimelerin farklı söylenmesine ve zamanla da farklı yazılmasına neden
olabilir.

Türkçe, ses değişme, düşme ve
türemelerinin gerçekleştiği dillerden biridir. Çünkü Türkçe, kökü çok eski
tarihlere dayanan geçmişi boyunca geniş coğrafyalara yayılmış ender dillerden
biridir. Bu yayılım ve dilin doğasında bulunan canlı bir varlık olma vasfı,
Türkçenin dil özelliklerinin farklılaşmasında temel teşkil etmiştir.

  y foneminin kelime başında düşmesi hadisesi Eski Türkçeden bugüne
Türkçede karşılaşılan önemli ses hadiselerinden biridir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye
Türkçesi ağızlarının dil yapısı bakımından temel dayanağı kabul edilen Eski
Anadolu Türkçesi dönemi eserlerinden Kâbûs-nâme’deki kelime başındaki y foneminin düşmesi hadisesi
incelenerek, bu hadisenin Türkiye Türkçesi ağızlarındaki yansımaları tespit
edilecektir. Ayrıca, y foneminin
düştüğü kelimeler Türkiye Türkçesi ağız gruplarında incelenecek ve bu
kelimelerin tarihî Türk lehçelerindeki kullanımları üzerinde durulacaktır.
Pain-Related Fear—Dissociable Neural Sources of Different Fear Constructs
Authors: Meier Michael Lukas , Vrana Andrea , Humphreys Barry Kim , Seifritz Erich , Stämpfli Philipp , Schweinhardt Petra
Published: December 2018

Fear of pain demonstrates significant prognostic value regarding the development of persistent musculoskeletal pain and disability. Its assessment often relies on self-report measures of pain-related fear by a variety of questionnaires. However, based either on “fear of movement/(re)injury/kinesiophobia,” “fear avoidance beliefs,” or “pain anxiety,” pain-related fear constructs plausibly differ while it is unclear how specific the questionnaires are in assessing these different constructs. Furthermore, the relationship of pain-related fear to other anxiety measures such as state or trait anxiety remains ambiguous. Advances in neuroimaging such as machine learning on brain activity patterns recorded by functional magnetic resonance imaging might help to dissect commonalities or differences across pain-related fear constructs. We applied a pattern regression approach in 20 human patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain to reveal predictive relationships between fear-related neural pattern information and different pain-related fear questionnaires. More specifically, the applied multiple kernel learning approach allowed the generation of models to predict the questionnaire scores based on a hierarchical ranking of fear-related neural patterns induced by viewing videos of activities potentially harmful for the back. We sought to find evidence for or against overlapping pain-related fear constructs by comparing the questionnaire prediction models according to their predictive abilities and associated neural contributors. By demonstrating evidence of nonoverlapping neural predictors within fear-processing regions, the results underpin the diversity of pain-related fear constructs. This neuroscientific approach might ultimately help to further understand and dissect psychological pain-related fear constructs.
The Differences in Local Translatome across Distinct Neuron Types Is Mediated by Both Baseline Cellular Differences and Post-transcriptional Mechanisms
Authors: Ouwenga Rebecca , Lake Allison M. , Aryal Shivani , Lagunas Tomas , Dougherty Joseph D.
Published: December 2018

Local translation in neurites is a phenomenon that enhances the spatial segregation of proteins and their functions away from the cell body, yet it is unclear how local translation varies across neuronal cell types. Further, it is unclear whether differences in local translation across cell types simply reflect differences in transcription or whether there is also a cell type-specific post-transcriptional regulation of the location and translation of specific mRNAs. Most of the mRNAs discovered as being locally translated have been identified from hippocampal neurons because their laminar organization facilitates neurite-specific dissection and microscopy methods. Given the diversity of neurons across the brain, studies have not yet analyzed how locally translated mRNAs differ across cell types. Here, we used the SynapTRAP method to harvest two broad cell types in the mouse forebrain: GABAergic neurons and layer 5 projection neurons. While some transcripts overlap, the majority of the local translatome is not shared across these cell types. In addition to differences driven by baseline expression levels, some transcripts also exhibit cell type-specific post-transcriptional regulation. Finally, we provide evidence that GABAergic neurons specifically localize mRNAs for peptide neurotransmitters, including somatostatin and cortistatin, suggesting localized production of these key signaling molecules in the neurites of GABAergic neurons. Overall, this work suggests that differences in local translation in neurites across neuronal cell types are poised to contribute substantially to the heterogeneity in neuronal phenotypes.
Cell-Type-Specific Changes in Intrinsic Excitability in the Subiculum following Learning and Exposure to Novel Environmental Contexts
Authors: Dunn Amy R. , Neuner Sarah M. , Ding Shengyuan , Hope Kevin A. , O’Connell Kristen M.S. , Kaczorowski Catherine C.
Published: December 2018

The subiculum is the main target of the hippocampal region CA1 and is the principle output region of the hippocampus. The subiculum is critical to learning and memory, although it has been relatively understudied. There are two functional types of principle neurons within the subiculum: regular spiking (RS) and burst spiking (BS) neurons. To determine whether these cell types are differentially modified by learning-related experience, we performed whole-cell patch clamp recordings from male mouse brain slices following contextual fear conditioning (FC) and memory retrieval relative to a number of control behavioral paradigms. RS cells, but not BS cells, displayed a greater degree of experience-related plasticity in intrinsic excitability measures [afterhyperpolarization (AHP), input resistance (Rinput), current required to elicit a spike], with fear conditioned animals having generally more excitable RS cells compared to naïve controls. Furthermore, we found that the relative proportion of RS to BS neurons is modified by the type of exposure, with the lowest proportion of BS subicular cells occurring in animals that underwent contextual FC followed by a retrieval test. These studies indicate that pyramidal neurons in the subiculum undergo experience- and learning-related plasticity in intrinsic properties in a cell-type-specific manner. As BS and RS cells are thought to convey distinct types of information, this plasticity may be particularly important in encoding, consolidating, and recalling spatial information by modulating information flow from the hippocampus to cortical regions.
Cyclosporine-A induced nephrotoxicity in male and female rats: Is zinc a suitable protective supplement?
Authors: Choopani Samira , Kasaei Sayyedehnikta , Talebi Ardeshir , Mortazavi Mojgan , Gheisari Yousef , Matinfar Mohammad , Nematbakhsh Mehdi
Published: December 2018

Background: Cyclosporine (CYC) is an immunosuppressant drug used widely in kidney transplant patient. The major side effect of CYC is nephrotoxicity. In this study, three different doses of CYC alone or accompanied with zinc (Zn) supplement were administrated in male and female rats to determine the kidney tissue damages and functions.

Methods: Male and female rats were treated with 10, 50 or 100 mg/kg/day of CYC alone or accompanied with 10 mg /kg/day of Zn sulfate for 10 days. The parameters related to renal function were determined and the kidney tissues were subjected to histological evaluation.

Results: All male and female animals were treated with high dose CYC (100 mg/kg/day) alone or accompanied with Zn supplement during the experiment. The data obtained for the serum levels of creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen/Cr ratio, clearance of Cr, kidney weight (KW), sodium (Na) filtration rate, Na excretion rate and Na excretion fraction (%) in surviving animals suggest a role of gender in the variation of these factors. The kidney tissue damage score (KTDS) was increased as the dosage of CYC was elevated, and the Zn supplement attenuated the KTDS in animals treated with low dose CYC (10 mg/kg/day).

Conclusion: The CYC-induced nephrotoxicity may be gender-related, and the 10 mg/kg dose of Zn sulphate as a supplement may possibly prevent the induced nephrotoxicity in males due to its antioxidant effects.
Effects of prophylactic ketamine and pethidine to control postanesthetic shivering: A comparative study
Authors: Khoshfetrat Masoum , Jalali Ali Rosom , Komeili Gholamreza , Keykha Aliakbar
Published: December 2018

Background: Shivering is an undesirable complication following general anesthesia and spinal anesthesia, whose early control can reduce postoperative metabolic and respiratory complications. Therefore, this study aims to compare the effects of prophylactic injection of ketamine and pethidine on postoperative shivering.
Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was performed on 105 patients with short-term orthopedic and ENT surgery. The patients were randomly divided into three groups; 20 minutes before the end of the surgery, 0.4 mg/kg of pethidine was injected to the first group, 0.5 mg/kg of ketamine was injected to the second group, and normal saline was injected to the third group. After the surgery, the tympanic membrane temperature was measured at 0, 10, 20, and 30 minutes. The shivering was also measured by a four-point grading from zero (no shivering) to four (severe shivering). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis, Chi-square and Pearson correlation.
Results: The mean age of patients was 35.8+/-11.45 years in the ketamine group, 34.8+/-11.64 years in the normal saline group, and 33.11+/-10.5 years in the pethidine group. The one-way ANOVA showed no significant difference in the mean age between the three groups (P=0.645). The incidence and intensity of shivering were significantly higher in the normal saline group than in the ketamine and pethidine groups (p=0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the incidence and the intensity of shivering between the ketamine and the pethidine groups (p=0.936).
Conclusion: The results showed that the 0.5 mg/kg of ketamine could control the post-anesthetic shivering.
The role of self-esteem in Internet addiction within the context of comorbid mental disorders: Findings from a general population-based sample
Authors: Sevelko Katrin , Bischof Gallus , Bischof Anja , Besser Bettina , John Ulrich , Meyer Christian , Rumpf Hans-Jürgen
Published: December 2018

Background and aims

Internet Addiction (IA) has consistently been related to comorbid psychiatric disorders and lowered self-esteem. However, most studies relied on self-report questionnaires using non-representative samples. This study aims to analyze the relative impact of self-esteem and comorbid psychopathology with lifetime IA in a population-based sample of excessive Internet users using clinical diagnoses assessed in a personal interview.

Methods

The sample of this study is based on a general population survey. Using the Compulsive Internet Use Scale, all participants with elevated Internet use scores were selected and invited to a follow-up interview. Current DSM-5 criteria for Internet gaming disorder were rephrased to apply to all Internet activities. Out of 196 participants, 82 fulfilled the criteria for IA. Self-esteem was measured with the Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale.

Results

Self-esteem is significantly associated with IA. For every unit increase in self-esteem, the chance of having IA decreased by 11%. By comparison, comorbidities such as substance-use disorder (excluding tobacco), mood disorder, and eating disorder were significantly more likely among Internet-addicted than in the non-addicted group. This could not be reported for anxiety disorders. A logistic regression showed that by adding self-esteem and psychopathology into the same model, self-esteem maintains its strong influence on IA.

Discussion and conclusions

Self-esteem was associated with IA, even after adjustment for substance-use disorders, mood disorder, and eating disorder. Self-esteem and psychopathology should be considered in prevention, intervention measures, as well as in the conception of etiological models.
BIODIVERSITY AND HABITAT PREFERENCES OF LIVING SHARKS IN THE SOUTHEAST ASIAN REGION
Authors: Ali Ahmad Bin , Fahmi Fahmi , Dharmadi Dharmadi , Krajangdara Tassapon , Lim Pek Khiok Annie
Published: December 2018

This paper reviews the biodiversity and habitat preferences of living sharks in the Southeast Asian region accumulated from published literatures including journals, books, proceedings, unpublished technical papers, and technical reports as well as authors’ knowledge and experiences working in this field. A total of 196 species of sharks from nine orders and 30 families have been recorded inhabiting from fresh water to deep ocean in this region. Indonesia recorded the highest diversity with 114 species from 27 families followed by the Philippines with 96 species (27 families), Thailand 76 species (21 families), Vietnam 70 species (23 families), Malaysia 68 species (19 families), Myanmar 64 species (19 families), Brunei Darussalam 45 species (15 families), and Cambodia with 26 species from 10 families. Many species still need to be confirmed and are most probably new species. In term of habitat preferences, 83 species of sharks (42.3%) inhabit continental/insular shelves (SHL) followed by continental/insular slopes (SLO) with 48 species (24.5%), shelf to slope (SHS) with 26 species (13.3%), and shelf to oceanic (SHO) with 16 species (8.2%). Only nine species (4.6%) inhabit oceanic and six species (4%) obligate freshwater and euryhaline freshwater/shelves.
Atrioventricular Block in Children
Authors: Kovalev Igor A. , Belozerov Yuri M. , Sadykova Dinara I. , Sabirova Dina R. , Yakovleva Lyudmila V. , Khabibrakhmanova Zulfiya R. , Sakerin Andrey S.
Published: December 2018

Rhythm and conduction disorders of the heart occupy one of the leading places in the structure of cardiovascular pathology in children. Atrioventricular block is the slowing down or loss of impulses from the atria to the ventricles. The team of authors presents clinical guidelines based on the principles of evidence-based medicine, including all stages of diagnosis and treatment of children with atrioventricular block. The use of guidelines in clinical practice will allow to choose the best strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of atrioventricular block for each individual patient.
Prospects for Applying Xenon Curative Properties in Pediatrics
Authors: Sabinina Tatiana S. , Bagaev Vladimir G. , Alekseev Ilia F.
Published: December 2018

The review discusses experimental and clinical trials on applying noble gas Xenon to treat therapeutic conditions in adults, as well as the prospects for its applying in children. Xenon therapeutic effects on the body are based on the healing properties of a noble gas. Xenon is close to the ‘ideal anesthetic’ by its anesthetic properties; but in addition, it possesses organoand neuroprotective as well as anti-stress properties which have been proved in experiment and clinically. Xenon in pediatric practice is an attractive agent because it is non-toxic, effective for the treatment of posthypoxic and traumatic impairments of the central nervous system, pain syndromes and stress conditions at its therapeutic concentration up to 30%.
METHOD FOR PLANNING NON-DETERMINED OPERATION PROCESSES OF RAILWAY TECHNICAL SYSTEM PARK
Authors: V. V. Skalozub  , I. V. Klymenko
Published: December 2018

Purpose. The article is aimed to improve the automated systems operation of the railway technical system parks and switch D.C. electric motors (EMs), taking into account all uncertainties. Methodology. Solution of the problem was obtained through the development of the model and the method for optimal planning for the EMs set operation. The method is based on the information technology with the possibility to assess the parameters of the current and the predicted state of EMs based on their individual models. The models are built both for individual EMs and for the specified groups. The factors of non-determinism in the model are calculated based on the Hurst index. The task of planning is solved as calculating the optimal sequence of the EM facilities services, which provides a minimum of the total expected operating costs. Findings. The analysis of the main known models, the automated technologies and the systems of EM (ASEM) park operation on the basis of the remote monitoring was done in the research. Based on the practice of the EM park maintenance the new category of the analysis objects was proposed – the service group (SG). The new procedure for the processes classification was developed based on using the Hurst index to improve the reliability of EM and SG individual models forecasting. The technological and the economic model for planning the EM parks operation was created. The article presents the results of the developed automated data management system based on the improved model for the operation planning of the D.C. EM parks. The optimal planning model ensures the minimization of the expected operating costs for the EMs operation, due to the selection of the EM groups service queue. The specialized procedure is used to classify non-deterministic EM remote monitoring data during planning, which allows increasing the accuracy of forecasting the object state parameters. Origilnality. The article describes development of the mathematical model and the information technology for the remote monitoring of the railway technical systems park operation, the railway switch EMs based on the formation of EM and SG individual models, as well as on the evaluation of their current and predicted states, taking into account random factors. The proposed model of the optimal planning as the possibility to choose the SG service queue differs by the group maintenance of the EM facilities, as well as application of the specialized procedure for classifying EM monitoring data. Practical value. The practical value of the results is determined by the provision of the new opportunities for the group optimal planning of the EM service based on the criterion of the minimum expected costs. The procedure for the monitoring data classification of the operational processes makes it possible to increase the reliability of the forecasting antipersistent time sequences results. It also provides an interpretation of the observational data classification results based on the need for practical usage.
INFLUENCE OF THE LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE DISPLACEMENT OF THE CARGO GRAVITY CENTER IN GONDOLA CARS ON THEIR DYNAMIC INDICATORS
Authors: A. O. Shvets
Published: December 2018

Purpose. Increase in the movement speed of railway vehicles makes it possible to strengthen integration processes with the countries of Europe and Asia and leads to the need to improve control, to quantify the dynamic load of rolling stock to ensure safe and reliable communication on the railways. Therefore, in the process of design and operation of rolling stock, the quantitative assessment of dynamic loads constitutes an urgent scientific and technical task. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of longitudinal and transverse displacement of the cargo gravity center in gondola cars during movement speed increase on their main dynamic indicators –the horizontal and vertical dynamics coefficients, the derailment stability coefficient. Methodology. The study was carried out by the method of mathematical and computer simulation of the dynamic loading of freight gondola car using the model of spatial oscillations of the five cars coupling and the software complex developed in the branch research laboratory of dynamics and strength of rolling stock (BRL DSRS) of the Dnepropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport named after Academician V. Lazaryan. Theoretical studies were carried out during the movement of the 12-532 gondola car model with typical bogies 18-100 with speeds in the range from 50 to 90 km/h in curves with radii of 350 and 600 m, with increases of the outer rail 130 and 120 mm, respectively. Findings. The article presents analysis of the carried out theoretical researches of dynamic qualities of rolling stock using the example of gondola cars. Calculations are performed using the package of applied programs with sufficient accuracy for practice. When performing the theoretical studies and after modeling, taking into account the processes of oscillation of the freight car and cargo at the longitudinal and transverse displacement of its gravity center in the gondola car, the dependences of the main dynamic parameters taking into account the movement speed were obtained. Originality. The article investigates the effect of longitudinal and transverse displacement of the load's gravity center on the dynamic loading of the car in order to solve the problem of forecasting the rolling stock dynamics. The results of theoretical studies taking into account the movement speed in curved track sections of small and medium radius. Practical value. The article has a practical focus. Application of the results will contribute to improving the traffic safety of freight cars and will improve the technical and economic performance of the railway transport.
SIMULATION OF LOCOMOTIVE REPAIR ORGANIZATION BY THE METHODS OF QUEUE SYSTEMS THEORY
Authors: Bodnar B. E. , Ochkasov O. B. , Bodnar E. B. , Hryshechkina T. S. , Ocheretnyuk М. V.
Published: December 2018

Purpose. The article is aimed to evaluate the influence of locomotives` operation and reliability indicators on the system of locomotives repair organization in depot, using the methods of queue theory. Methodology. The article describes the locomotive repair workshop using the terms and concepts of the queue systems theory (QST). The tasks solved during simulation of the repair workshop operation are formulated, the list of initial data and simulation results is given. A graphical simulation environment Simulink was used as a software simulation tool. Findings. It was established that the main indicators of locomotive depot operation are affected by the volume of traffic, the reliability of locomotives, the rule used to select locomotives from the queue, the number of operating repair bays. The developed model of the depot repair workshop will make possible rational planning of the repair workshop`s equipment use, the human capital, the time of putting the locomotives into repair taking into account the workshop loading uniformity, as well as to improve the repair parts supply logistics. This model in a simplified form describes the repair process of the main diesel locomotive fleet, and can be supplemented depending on the repair type performed in the depot. Originality. The paper presents the locomotive repair depot as an object of the queue systems theory. The simulation model of the locomotive repair depot was developed. It allows analyzing the influence of various factors on the system of locomotives` repair organization in the depot. Practical value. The obtained results make it possible to determine the influence of locomotives` operation and reliability indicators on the organization of the locomotive repair depot operation. In further studies, the developed model can be used to improve the system of repair organization on the railway network when introducing new series of locomotives and changing the strategy of their maintenance.
MODELING THE MANIFESTATIONS OF THE HUMAN FACTOR OF THE MARITIME CREW
Authors: Nosov P. S. , Palamarchuk I. V. , Safonov M. S. , Novikov V. I.
Published: December 2018

Purpose. The article investigates the trajectories of the watch team members in maritime transport that lead to a decrease in the level of security. A formal apparatus is proposed, as well as software and hardware to identify the location of members of the watch team during the execution of complex maneuvers. Methodology. In the course of constructing the mathematical model, the most common schemes of interaction of watch members at the time of performing complex maneuvers were considered. The general problem was considered as a series of watchkeeping interactions that solve micro-tasks of ship control at a certain moment. As a result of simulation it is determined that a key role is played by the first mate, who is the most likely to deviate from the instructions, because of excessive activity or passivity in actions. Also, interaction models of members of the watchkeeping service within the framework of a multi-day ship passage are considered. Findings. Research shows that the formation of established interactions depends on the level of experience and qualifications of the members of the watchkeeping service. Overly active relocation of the mate, as well as function duplication of individual members of the watchkeeping service adversely affects the safety level in ship management. Software and hardware tools are proposed that allow identifying the location and movements of the watch team members, indicating deviations from the watchkeeping instructions for maritime transport. Originality. The authors for the first time developed software and hardware for analyzing the movements of the watchkeeping service members, allowing identifying violations of official instructions. Practical value. Based on the developed software and hardware identification of positions and movements of the members of the watchkeeping service, it becomes possible to more effectively manage the process of training navigators during simulator practice on the basis of the navigation simulator NTPRO 5000 at the Kherson State Maritime Academy, Ukraine. These studies can also be useful in studying the discipline «Organization of the crew actions in extreme conditions».
STABILITY OF MOTION OF RAILWAY VEHICLES DESCRIBED WITH LAGRANGE EQUATIONS OF THE FIRST KIND
Authors: Reidemeister A. G. , Levytska S. I.
Published: December 2018

Purpose. The article aims to estimate the stability of the railway vehicle motion, whose oscillations are described by Lagrange equations of the first kind under the assumption that there are no nonlinearities with discontinuities of the right-hand sides. Methodology. The study is based on the Lyapunov’s stability method of linear approximation. The equations of motion are compiled in a matrix form. The creep forces are calculated in accordance with the Kalker linear theory. Sequential differentiations of the constraint equations reduced the equation system index from 2 to 0. The coefficient matrix eigenvalues of the system obtained in such a way are found by means of the QR-algorithm. In accordance with Lyapunov's criterion of stability in the linear approximation, the motion is stable if the real part of all eigenvalues is negative. The presence of «superfluous» degrees of freedom, which the mechanical system does not have (in whose motion equations there are left only independent coordinates) is not trivial. Herewith the eigenvalues and eigenvectors correspond to these degrees of freedom and have no relation to the stability. In order to find a rule that allows excluding them, we considered several models of a bogie, with rigid and elastic constraints of high rigidity at the nodes. In the limiting case of high rigidities, the results for a system without rigid constraints must coincide with the results for a system with rigid constraints. Findings. We carried out the analysis and compared the frequencies (with decrements) and the vibration modes of a three-piece bogie with and without constraints. When analysing the stability of the system with constraints, only those eigenvalues are of interest whose eigenvectors do not break the constraints. The values of these numbers are limits for the eigenvalues of the system, in which rigid constraints are replaced by elastic elements of high rigidity, which allows us to leave the Lyapunov’s criterion unchanged. Originality consists in the adaptation of Lyapunov's stability method of linear approximation to the case when the equations of railway vehicle motion are written in the form of differential-algebraic Lagrange equations of the first kind. Practical value. This written form of the equation of motion makes it possible to simplify the stability study by avoiding the selection of a set of independent generalized coordinates with the subsequent elimination of dependent ones and allows for the coefficient matrix calculation in an easily algorithmized way. Information on the vehicle stability is vitally important, since the truck design must necessarily exclude the loss of stability in the operational speed range.
Compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction among psychologists: Can supervision and a reflective stance be of help?
Authors: Dehlin Mikaela , Lundh Lars-Gunnar
Published: December 2018

The pleasure derived from helping others is referred to as compassion satisfaction (CS). When a psychologist feels a too heavy demand to be compassionate and effective in helping, however, this may result in compassion fatigue (CF). CF may take the form of burnout or secondary traumatic stress (STS). The present paper focuses on two factors that may possibly protect against the development of CF, and facilitate the development of CS: (1) access to supervision and (2) a reflective stance. An online survey was distributed to two closed Swedish Facebook groups of psychologists, and complete data were obtained from 374 psychologists (320 women and 63 men). Both variable-oriented and person-oriented analyses were carried out. Correlational analysis showed that both supervision and reflection was associated with more CS, whereas only supervision but not reflection was significantly associated with less CF. Cluster analysis gave a more nuanced picture, suggesting a non-linear and multi-faceted association between reflection and CF. Some clusters of psychologists showed the expected association between level of reflection and level of CF. This was balanced, however, by other clusters that showed an association in the opposite direction, indicating high levels of reflection in clinicians with high levels of CF, and low levels in clinicians with low levels of CF. The results are discussed in terms of these differences in associative patterns possibly being due to different patient populations being involved. Among the limitations of the present study are its cross-sectional design, absence of data on patient characteristics, and a crude measure of supervision and reflection. Keywords: Compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, supervision, reflective stance
Öğretim Elemanlarının Pedagojik Yeterlikleri: Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması
Authors: Tınmaz Ayşe
Published: December 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı
öğretim elemanlarının pedagojik yeterliklerinin öğrenciler tarafından
değerlendirilmesini amaçlayan bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Ölçeğin geçerliği için
açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri, güvenirliği için Cronbach Alfa
katsayısı kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri, Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde bir
devlet üniversitesinin çeşitli fakültelerinden toplanmıştır. Birinci örneklem
grubundan (n=250) elde edilen veriler üzerinde yapılan açımlayıcı faktör
analizi sonucu beş faktörlü bir yapı ortaya çıkmış ancak ikinci örneklem
grubundan (n=800) elde edilen veriler üzerinde yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör
analizi sonucunda bir faktör doğrulanmadığı için çıkarılmıştır. Diğer dört
faktör (Demokratik Tutum Yeterlikleri, Ders Girişine İlişkin Yeterlikler, Ders
Sürecine İlişkin Yeterlikler, Ölçme-Değerlendirme Yeterlikleri) üzerinden
gerçekleştirilen ikinci bir doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda ölçeğin
kullanılabilir olduğunu gösteren uyum indeksleri elde edilmiştir. Bazı
faktörler arasında korelasyon katsayılarının yüksek olması nedeniyle analizler
tekrarlanmış ve en uygun yapının ders girişi, ders süreci ve ölçme
değerlendirme yeterlikleri boyutlarının birleştirilmesiyle elde edilen yapı
üzerinde gözlendiği görülmüştür. Birleştirilen bu boyuta öğretim yeterlikleri
adı verilmiştir. Son durumda demokratik tutum ve öğretim yeterlikleri olmak
üzere iki faktöre toplanan 20 madde öğretim elemanlarının pedagojik
yeterliklerine ilişkin öğrenci görüşlerinin %46,21’ini açıklamaktadır. Ölçeğin
Cronbach Alpha iç tutarlık katsayısı 0,906’dır. Elde edilen tüm bu sonuçlar Pedagojik
Yeterlik Ölçeği’nin, öğretim elemanlarının pedagojik yeterliklerinin üniversite
öğrencileri tarafından değerlendirilebilmesi amacıyla kullanılabilecek geçerli
ve güvenirliği yüksek bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermektedir.
ŞAİR VE YAZAR İSİMLERİNİN OKULLARA AD OLARAK VERİLMESİNİN EDEBİYAT ÖĞRETİMİNE KATKISINA DAİR ÖĞRETMEN GÖRÜŞLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ: ANKARA ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: KURTOĞLU Fatma Süreyya
Published: December 2018

Milletlerin
hayatında ad verme/adlandırma önemli bir yer işgal etmektedir. Her toplum
çocuklarına vereceği isimden başlamak üzere, yapmış olduğu işlere, yaşadığı
mekânlara, ürettiği ürünlere, yazdığı veya yaptığı esere varıncaya kadar her
şeyi isimlendirme ihtiyacı duymuştur. Toplumlar, geçmişlerini, atalarını,
kahramanlarını ve tarihteki önemli olaylarını çocuklara, mekânlara, kurumlara
vs. ad olarak vererek geçmişle bağ kurmaya ve kurulan bu bağı da diri tutmaya
çalışırlar.

Bu
araştırmanın amacı, Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı öğretmenlerinin şair ve yazar
isimlerinin ortaöğretim kurumlarına ad olarak verilmesinin Türk Dili ve
Edebiyatı öğretimine katkı sağlayıp sağlamadığına dair düşüncelerini
belirlemektir.

Nitel
araştırma yöntemleri ve durum çalışması deseninden faydalanılan bu çalışma,
Ankara ili merkezinde bulunan Abdurrahim Karakoç Anadolu Lisesi (Keçiören),
Halide Edip Mesleki ve Teknik Anadolu Lisesi (Yenimahalle), Yunus Emre Mesleki
ve Teknik Anadolu Lisesi (Yenimahalle), Ömer Seyfeddin Anadolu Lisesi
(Çankaya), Yahya Kemal Beyatlı Anadolu Lisesi 
(Yenimahalle)’nde 2017-2018 eğitim öğretim yılında görev yapan Türk Dili
ve Edebiyatı öğretmenleri ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırma verileri, çalışma
grubundaki öğretmenlerin görüşlerini belirlemeyi amaçlayan yarı yapılandırılmış
görüşme formu ile elde edilmiştir.

Elde
edilen verilerin, yapılan içerik analizi sonucunda, araştırmanın bulguları dört
ana tema altında toplanmıştır. Bunlar, “okullara yazar ve şair isimleri vermek;
ismi verilenlerin edebiyat öğretimindeki yeri; ismi verilenlerle ilgili
okullarda yapılanlar ve öğrenciler açısından ismi okullara verilen
sanatçılar”dır.

Araştırma
sonucunda katılımcılar, “bu uygulamanın devam etmesi; öğrencilerin ilgili şair
ve yazarla ilgili meraklarının arttığı, buna karşılık uygulamanın öğrencilerin
okul tercihlerine etki etmediği” düşüncelerini ifade etmişler; katılımcıların
bir kısmı okullarına isimleri verilen sanatçıların ders öğretim programındaki
yeri ve bu isimlerle ilgili okullarda yapılan faaliyetleri “yeterli” görürken,
bazı katılımcılar ise “yetersiz” bulmuşlar; bu yetersizliği gidermek için ilave
çaba harcanması gerektiğini ve öğrencilerin bu husustaki farkındalığının
istenilen seviyede olmadığını belirtmişlerdir.
Programlanabilir Denetleyici Kontrollü Sulama Sistemi
Authors: ÖTER Ali , BAHAR Mustafa Şuaib
Published: December 2018

Son
yıllarda her alanda olduğu gibi tarım alanlarında kontrol ve kontrol sistemlerinin
kullanımı artmıştır. Tarımsal
sulamada, su kullanımı, zaman ve iş gücü açısından daha verimli olan damla
sulama sistemlerinin yaygın kullanımı, bu sistemleri kontrol etme ihtiyacını
artırmıştır. Yapılan
çalışmada, programlanabilir kontrolörler kullanılarak kontrol edilen ürün
çeşidine göre su tankındaki su seviyesi ve havanın sıcaklığı toprak nem
değişkenliği gibi iklimsel koşullar kontrol edilmiştir. Yapılan
çalışmada, programlanabilir denetleyici ile kolay kullanılabilen, güvenilir ve izlenebilir
bir sulama kontrol sistemi tasarlanmıştır.  Bu sayede su tüketimi ve zaman kullanımında
tasarruf sağlanması amaç edinilmiştir.  Bu çalışma, daha güçlü, esnek ve verimli
uygulamalar geliştirmelerine yardımcı olacaktır.
PI Katsayıları ve Sistem Performansı Arasındaki İlişkinin Çıkarılmasında ANFIS ve YSA Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: ÜSTÜN Seydi Vakkas , NUR Ahmet , KAYA Mustafa
Published: December 2018

Bu çalışmada,
dolaylı vektör kontrollü asenkron motor kontrolünde kullanılan PI katsayıları
(Kp-Ki) ile bütün sistemin performansı arasındaki ilişkiyi modellemede
uyarlamalı sinirsel bulanık çıkartım sistemi (ANFIS)  ve Yapay Sinir
Ağları (YSA) yöntemlerinin başarıları karşılaştırılmıştır. PI katsayılarının optimum
bir şekilde  ayarlanabilmesi için sistem
modeline ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bütün sistem başarılı bir şekilde modellendiği
taktirde kontrolör katsayılarını optimum olarak ayarlayabilmek mümkün
olacaktır. Bu amaçla işlemci olarak Sayısal İşaret İşlemci (DSP)
dsPIC33FJ128MC804, güç elemanı olarak Akıllı Güç Modülü (IPM) kullanılarak
gerçekleştirilen sürücü devre tasarlamıştır. Bu sürücü devre ile asenkron
motor, vektörel kontrol ile çalıştırılarak farklı Kp-Ki katsayıları için
sistemin performansı ayrı ayrı  maksimum
aşım (Mo) ve referans hıza oturma zamanının (Ts) kullanıldığı bir formül ile
0-1 aralığında elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen eğitim veri setleri ile ANFIS ve
YSA modelleri oluşturulmuş ve test veri seti ile de modellerin başarısı
karşılaştırılmıştır.
История искусства в границах визуального архива: Аби Варбург и Андре Мальро
Authors: Захарченко Ирина Николаевна
Published: December 2018

Эпоха технического репродуцирования ставит перед исследователем проблему представления информации об искусстве. Поиск методологических ключей к анализу неисчислимого множества аналоговых и цифровых копий художественных памятников  актуализирует поставленную М. Фуко в рамках археологии знания проблему архива. Концептуализация искусства как архива была обозначена представителями визуальных исследований (Visual Studies), которые показали, что история искусства, осмысленная как архив, представляет собой визуальный конструкт, отражающий особенности культурного сознания и рождающий новые уровни интерпретации художественных памятников. В статье проблематизируются возникшие в ХХ в. архивы искусства, которые были связаны с осмыслением роли фотографии.

Наиболее важными примерами работы модернистского сознания с архивом искусства являются серия панелей с фотографиями художественных памятников Аби Варбурга, названная автором Атласом «Мнемозина», и богато иллюстрированные альбомы репродукций мирового искусства под общим названием «Воображаемый музей» Андре Мальро.

Эти архивы могут быть оценены как ментальное пространство, в котором знаки артефактов включаются в виртуальные связи и формируют новые ценностные смыслы. Утрата подлинности и деконтекстуализация произведений искусства компенсированы созданием смыслопорождающих контекстов, отразивших новые алгоритмы конструирования исторического знания. Являясь противоположностями как в содержательном, так и в структурно-семантическом плане, Атлас и Альбом представили две пространственно-временные модели формирования исторических знаний и восприятия искусства. Если Атлас сформировал модернистскую исследовательскую парадигму искусства, то Альбом знаменовал рождение нового образа истории искусства в широком культурном пространстве. Предпринятый анализ показал, что и Атлас, и Альбом могут быть определены как визуальные конструкты, позволяющие характеризовать историческую модель видения.
Сборник японских стихотворений «Сюгёкусю» (1346): автор и составитель
Authors: Федянина Владлена Анатольевна
Published: December 2018

Данная статья излагает некоторые из результатов исследования, посвященного изучению литературного и философского наследия Дзиэна (1155–1225), японского монаха буддийской школы Тэндай. В работе анализируется роль принца-монаха Сонъэна (1298–1356) в сохранении стихотворений Дзиэна, известного поэта периода расцвета классической японской поэзии. В 1346 г. Сонъэн собрал около 6000 тысяч японских стихотворений «вака» Дзиэна в сборник «Сюгёкусю» («Собрание драгоценных жемчужин»). Настоящее исследование, основанное на текстологическом анализе, прослеживает историю составления «Сюгёкусю», памятника средневековой культуры, важного для реконструкции истории японской поэзии и японской буддийской мысли; раскрывает значимость этого сборника, дающего ключ к пониманию сложного историософского трактата Дзиэна «Гукансё» («Мои личные выборки»).

В статье, обобщающей результаты японских и европейских исследователей, на фоне главных исторических событий сопоставляются основные жизненные вехи автора стихотворений и составителя «Сюгёкусю», имевших схожую судьбу. Дается характеристика основных трудов Дзиэна и Сонъэна, указывается значение этих работ в культуре Японии. Особый акцент делается на личности и работах Сонъэна, одной из центральных фигур в японской каллиграфии, которая, однако, в отличие от Дзиэна, мало известна в отечественном японоведении. Указываются основные редакции существующих списков: «список Сёрэн-ин» («Сёрэн-ин хон», 1471 г.) и «печатное издание Собрания стихотворений шести поэтов» («Хампон роккасю хон», начало XVII в.). Демонстрируется, как «Сюгёкусю», составленный примерно через 100 лет после смерти автора, создал последующим поколениям читателей доступ к поэтическому наследию Дзиэна.
Круглый стол «Благодаря комсомолу...», посвященный 100-летию ВЛКСМ
Authors: Костина Анна Владимировна
Published: December 2018

В статье представлен обзор работы круглого стола, который прошел 23 мая 2018 г. в Московском гуманитарном университете и был посвящен 100-летнему юбилею ВЛКСМ.
Функция обращений к творчеству предшественников и младших современников Шекспира в романе Донны Тартт «Тайная история» (1992)
Authors: Черноземова Елена Николаевна
Published: December 2018

В статье анализируется современный университетский роман американской писательницы Донны Тартт «Тайная история» (1992). Ее произведения неизменно интересны как массовому читателю, так и специалистам с университетским образованием, поскольку помимо увлекательного, детективно развивающегося сюжета в них отражается широкая эрудиция автора, позволяющая ввести в произведение и увязать с его событиями факты культурной жизни отдаленных эпох. Эти переклички анализируются через изменяющиеся литературные предпочтения центрального персонажа романа, Ричарда Пайпена, по мере взросления его сознания. Университетская среда приводит провинциала от увлечения Эдгаром По к пониманию творчества Т. С. Элиота.

Основное внимание в статье уделено развертыванию смыслов, которые порой обозначаются автором романа одним лишь именем писателя-драматурга или весьма превратным толкованием Ричардом Пайпеном фактов биографии или творчества того или другого автора. При этом степень смыслового искажения может открыться только тому, кто знаком с материалом, который интерпретирует персонаж романа. Именно поэтому специальный акцент делается на отсылки автора романа к работам предшественников и младших современников Шекспира, в числе которых оказываются Кристофер Марло, Джон Уэбстер, Томас Мидлтон, Сирил Тернер и Джон Форд. Разбор литературно-художественных образов из произведений этих авторов вскрывает привносящие ими в художественную прозу дополнительные смыслы.

Текст доклада автора на Первой Всероссийской научной конференции «Кристофер Марло и его творчество в русской и мировой культуре: междисциплинарный взгляд», которая прошла в Москве 22–23 июня 2018 г.
Роль комсомола в развитии научных исследований проблем молодежи в СССР
Authors: Плаксий Сергей Иванович
Published: December 2018

Текст выступления на круглом столе «Благодаря комсомолу…», который прошел 23 мая 2018 г. в Московском гуманитарном университете и был посвящен 100-летнему юбилею ВЛКСМ.
Вдохновляя на творчество
Authors: Бородай Александр Дмитриевич
Published: December 2018

Текст выступления на круглом столе «Благодаря комсомолу…», который прошел 23 мая 2018 г. в Московском гуманитарном университете и был посвящен 100-летнему юбилею ВЛКСМ.