bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An organoid library of salivary gland tumors reveals subtype-specific characteristics and biomarkers
Authors: Wang Bo , Gan Jiaxing , Liu Zhengyan , Hui Zhixuan , Wei Jinhui , Gu Xiaolian , Mu Yabing , Zang Guangxiang
Published: December 2022

Background

Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) include a large group of rare neoplasms in the head and neck region, and the heterogeneous and overlapping features among the subtypes frequently make diagnostic difficulties. There is an urgent need to understand the cellular mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity and overlap among the subtypes, and explore the subtype-specific diagnostic biomarkers.

Methods

The tumor tissue and the adjacent normal tissue from the 6 most common types of SGTs were processed for organoid culture which only maintained tumor epithelial cells. Organoids were histologically evaluated based on phenotype markers, followed by transcriptional profiling using RNA-sequencing. The transcriptomic similarities and differences among the subtypes were analyzed by subtype consensus clustering and hierarchical clustering. Furthermore, by comparative transcriptional analysis for these 6 types of SGTs and the matched organoids, the potential diagnostic biomarkers from tumor epithelium were identified, in which two selected biomarkers were evaluated by qPCR and confirmed by immunohistochemistry staining using a tissue microarray.

Results

We generated a biobank of patient-derived organoids (PDOs) with 6 subtypes of SGTs, including 21 benign and 24 malignant SGTs. The PDOs recapitulated the morphological and transcriptional characteristics of the parental tumors. The overlap in the cell types and the heterogenous growth patterns were observed in the different subtypes of organoids. Comparing the bulk tissues, the cluster analysis of the PDOs remarkably revealed the epithelial characteristics, and visualized the intrinsic relationship among these subtypes. Finally, the exclusive biomarkers for the 6 most common types of SGTs were uncovered by comparative analysis, and PTP4A1 was demonstrated as a useful diagnostic biomarker for mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

Conclusions

We established the first organoid biobank with multiple subtypes of SGTs. PDOs of SGTs recapitulate the morphological and transcriptional characteristics of the original tumors, which uncovers subtype-specific biomarkers and reveals the molecular distance among the subtype of SGTs.
Clinical indications and acquisition protocol for the use of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in head and neck cancer squamous cell carcinoma: recommendations from an expert panel
Authors: Romeo Valeria , Stanzione Arnaldo , Ugga Lorenzo , Cuocolo Renato , Cocozza Sirio , Quarantelli Mario , Chawla Sanjeev , Farina Davide , Golay Xavier , Parker Geoff , Shukla-Dave Amita , Thoeny Harriet , Vidiri Antonello , Brunetti Arturo , Surlan-Popovic Katarina , Bisdas Sotirios
Published: December 2022

Background

The clinical role of perfusion-weighted MRI (PWI) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains to be defined. The aim of this study was to provide evidence-based recommendations for the use of PWI sequence in HNSCC with regard to clinical indications and acquisition parameters.

Methods

Public databases were searched, and selected papers evaluated applying the Oxford criteria 2011. A questionnaire was prepared including statements on clinical indications of PWI as well as its acquisition technique and submitted to selected panelists who worked in anonymity using a modified Delphi approach. Each panelist was asked to rate each statement using a 7-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree). Statements with scores equal or inferior to 5 assigned by at least two panelists were revised and re-submitted for the subsequent Delphi round to reach a final consensus.

Results

Two Delphi rounds were conducted. The final questionnaire consisted of 6 statements on clinical indications of PWI and 9 statements on the acquisition technique of PWI. Four of 19 (21%) statements obtained scores equal or inferior to 5 by two panelists, all dealing with clinical indications. The Delphi process was considered concluded as reasons entered by panelists for lower scores were mainly related to the lack of robust evidence, so that no further modifications were suggested.

Conclusions

Evidence-based recommendations on the use of PWI have been provided by an independent panel of experts worldwide, encouraging a standardized use of PWI across university and research centers to produce more robust evidence.
Integrated chromatin accessibility and DNA methylation analysis to reveal the critical epigenetic modification and regulatory mechanism in gonadal differentiation of the sequentially hermaphroditic fish, Monopterus albus
Authors: Hu Qiaomu , Lian Zitong , Xia Xueping , Tian Haifeng , Li Zhong
Published: December 2022

Background

Monopterus albusis a hermaphroditic and economically farmed fish that undergoes sex reversal from ovary to testis via ovotestis during gonadal development. The epigenetic changes that are associated with gonadal development in this species remain unclear.

Methods

We produced DNA methylome, transcriptome, and chromatin accessibility maps of the key stages of gonad development: ovary, ovotestis, and testis. The expression of the key candidate genes was detected using qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization and the methylation levels were analysed using bisulphite sequencing PCR. Promoter activity and regulation were assessed using dual-luciferase reporter assays.

Results

Gonadal development exhibits highly dynamic transcriptomic, DNA methylation, and chromatin accessibility changes. We found that DNA methylation status, especially of the transcription start site, was significantly negatively correlated with gene expression while chromatin accessibility exhibited no correlation with gene expression during gonadal development. The epigenetic signatures revealed many novel regulatory elements and genes involved in sex reversal, which were validated. DNA methylation detection and site mutation of plastin-2 promoter, as a candidate gene, revealed that DNA methylation could impact the binding of transcription factor dmrt1 and foxl2 through methylation and demethylation to regulate plastin-2 expression during gonadal development.

Conclusions

These data provide novel insights into epigenetic modification and help elucidate the potential molecular mechanism by which dynamic modification of DNA methylation plays a crucial role in gonadal development.
Eat, pray, love: disordered eating in religious and non-religious men and women
Authors: Beaulieu Danie A. , Best Lisa A.
Published: December 2022

Background

Despite the lack of research examining the relation between religiosity and disordered eating, at various points during the year, religious practices requiring changes in eating habits are typical. Few studies have identified how aspects of religiosity are associated with disordered eating attitudes and behaviours. Thus, we explored the interconnectedness of religiosity and gender on disordered eating attitudes and behaviours.

Methods

In total, 749 religious and non-religious participants completed online questionnaires assessing components of disordered eating and associated appearance-related pressures and internalizations (pressure from family, peers, and media, and internalization of the thin and muscular ideals).

Results

Among the 317 participants who identified as religious, 12.30% reported that their religious practice required a change in their eating habits, and 10.68% reported that they changed their eating habits for both religious purposes and as a method of weight loss/control. Overall, religious participants who indicated changing their eating habits for religious purposes experienced greater disordered eating and appearance-related pressures than theists who reported no change in their diet and non-religious respondents. Further, there was a significant interaction between gender and religiosity across the disordered eating variables. Results indicated that, compared to males who were not religious, those who were religious had higher scores on scales measuring disordered eating. Religious and non-religious women scored similarly on scales measuring other aspects of disordered eating (including Purging, Restricting, and Binge Eating). Further, compared to non-religious men, religious men, reported greater pressure from their family and peers; there was no difference in women.

Conclusions

Future research should further explore gender differences across types and specific aspects of religiosity such as motivation to practice.
High yield engineered nanovesicles from ADSC with enriched miR-21-5p promote angiogenesis in adipose tissue regeneration
Authors: Sun Di , Mou Shan , Chen Lifeng , Yang Jie , Wang Rongrong , Zhong Aimei , Wang Wei , Tong Jing , Wang Zhenxing , Sun Jiaming
Published: December 2022

Background

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have been found to have a great potential for soft tissue repair due to various biological functions, including pro-angiogenesis and low immunogenicity. However, the low yield and heterogeneity of MSC-EVs limited their clinical transformation. This study was designed to develop a novel adipose-derived stem cell engineered nanovesicles (ADSC-NVs) with high production and explore its pro-angiogenetic effect and application in adipose tissue regeneration.

Methods

Adipose-derived stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (ADSC-EVs) were isolated from an EVs-free culture medium for human ADSCs (hADSCs). ADSC-NVs were prepared by sequentially extruding ADSCs followed by iodixanol density gradient ultracentrifugation and were compared with ADSC-EVs in morphology, size distribution, protein contents and yield. The pro-angiogenetic effect of ADSC-NVs in different doses (0, 5, 20 and 80 μg/mL) in vitro was determined using transwell assay, tube formation assay, western blot and qRT-PCR. In vivo, BALB/c nude mice were administered injection of a mixture of fat granules and different dose of ADSC-NVs and grafts were harvested at 12 weeks post-transplantation for further analysis. By analyzing the weight and volume of grafts and histological evaluation, we investigated the effect of ADSC-NVs in vessel formation and adipose tissue regeneration.

Results

Our results showed yield of purified ADSC-NVs was approximately 20 times more than that of ADSC-EVs secreted by the same number of ADSCs. In vitro, both ADSC-NVs and ADSC-EVs exhibited a dose-dependent pro-angiogenetic effect, despite their distinct miRNA profiles. These effects of ADSC-NVs may be mediated by enriched miR-21-5p via PTEN inhibition and PI3K/p-Akt signaling activation. Furthermore, after a mixed injection of ADSC-NVs, vessel formation and adipose regeneration were observed in vivo
in
fat implants.

Conclusions

Our study developed a potent alternative of ADSC-EVs. ADSC-NVs have a high pro-angiogenesis potential and can be used as cell-free therapeutic biomaterials in soft tissue regeneration.
The relationship between perinatal circadian rhythm and postnatal depression: an overview, hypothesis, and recommendations for practice
Authors: Hall Katherine , Patel Ritaben , Evans Jonathan , Greenwood Rosemary , Hicks Jane
Published: December 2022

Postnatal depression (PND) is an important public health problem with far-reaching consequences for mothers, families, and society. Current treatment approaches tend to focus on the depressive symptoms of the mother. We propose the need for a shift in the conceptualisation of PND and its management, by focusing on circadian rhythm as an early manifestation of mother-infant synchrony. We have reviewed the relevant interdisciplinary literature to formulate a hypothesis and suggest recommendations for practice. We hypothesise that, after a mother’s circadian rhythm becomes ‘desynchronised’ immediately following birth, persistence of this disruption is implicated in the development of PND. This has important implications for novel treatment strategies in the critical and vulnerable postnatal period, for example the use of outdoor-based interventions and light.
Comparison of para-vascular supraclavicular brachial plexus block and costo-clavicular approach of infraclavicular brachial plexus block in providing surgical anesthesia for below elbow surgery: a randomized, single blind study
Authors: Waindeskar Vaishali , Raj Charan , Jain Anuj , Trivedi Saurabh
Published: December 2022

Background

With better precision of the brachial plexus block (BPB) under real-time ultrasound guidance, supraclavicular BPB (SC-BPB) and infraclavicular BPB (IC-BPB) are being used interchangeably for upper limb surgeries. However, the number of anesthesiologists practicing SC-BPB is much more than those practicing IC-BPB.

Many studies have compared SC-BPB and IC-BPB, but a study comparing the para-vascular approach of SC-BPB and costo-clavicular approach of IC-BPB is missing. This prospective study compared the costo-clavicular approach of IC-BPB with the para-vascular approach of SC-BPB. A total of 80 patients (40 in each group), aged 18–65 years, belonging to ASA class I and II and undergoing hand, wrist and forearm surgery were randomly allocated to group S (receiving SC-BPB) and group I (receiving IC-BPB). The two groups were compared with respect to the block success rate, block performance time, time taken to achieve surgical anesthesia, efficacy, and safety in providing surgical anesthesia for below elbow upper limb surgeries.

Results

Block success was significantly higher in the IC-BPB (100%) vs SC-BPB (92.5%), P value 0.03. Scan time was significantly more in the SC-BPB, P value 0.001. The block performance time was comparable; time to achieve surgical anesthesia was significantly longer in the IC-BPB, P value 0.001. Time for first rescue analgesia was longer in the IC-BPB, P value 0. 001. The number of patients requiring intraoperative sedation was comparable, P value 0.99.

Conclusions

IC-BPB has greater success rate in providing surgical anesthesia in below elbow surgeries and provides longer postoperative analgesia.
Prevalence of familial hypercholesterolemia in patients with confirmed premature coronary artery disease in Ranchi, Jharkhand
Authors: Kumar Prakash , Prasad Shashi Ranjan , Anand Anushil , Kumar Rajneesh , Ghosh Sajalendu
Published: December 2022

Background

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an under-diagnosed autosomal co-dominant genetic disorder characterized by very high plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), premature coronary artery disease (CAD) with arcus cornealis, and xanthomas. Among patients with CAD, the frequency of FH is significantly higher than that of the general population, but little data are available in India in this regard. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of FH in patients with premature coronary artery disease for the first time in the Jharkhand population.

Results

The study was conducted on 200 premature CAD patients at RIMS hospital, Ranchi, from January 2020 to June 2021 with CAG-confirmed acute coronary syndrome. The study, without taking the aid of genetic profiling of the patients and using the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network Criteria, revealed quite a high (23.5%) prevalence of potential FH in patients with premature CAD apart from the conventional risk factors. Mean LDL-C levels among patients with definite, probable, possible, and no FH were recorded as 250.39, 184.32, 136.11, and 108.09 mg/dl, respectively. Arcus cornealis was seen in 55.31% of patients with potential FH, 90% in definite FH, and 44.40% with probable FH. Patients with potential FH were more likely to be younger (age < 40 years) males, having a history of CAD and a family history of premature CAD as compared to patients without FH.

Conclusions

There was no previous report of large studies on FH or its epidemiology and its natural history from India. The present study is the first one to show a high prevalence of potential FH in premature CAD (about 23.5%). This preliminary study revealed that the prevalence of FH in patients with premature CAD who came to the tertiary care hospital of Ranchi, Jharkhand, was high, apart from the conventional risk factors.
Surgical retrieval and successful bronchial repair for impacted foreign body: a case report
Authors: Jhalani Ishan , Darbari Anshuman , Mishra Mayank , Kumar Pradeep
Published: December 2022

In the current era, surgical intervention such as bronchotomy should be the last resort, only to be chosen for a chronic, symptomatic, and impacted foreign body that is not retrievable bronchoscopically. This case tells us that this unusual approach is still required to remove the neglected and impacted foreign body in the right bronchus, which is not retrievable by the bronchoscope.
Anemia before in-hospital cardiac arrest and survival from cardio-pulmonary resuscitation—a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shor Lior , Helviz Yigal , Einav Sharon
Published: December 2022

Background

Multiple patient-related variables have been associated with reduced rates of survival to hospital discharge (SHD) after in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA). As opposed to most of these, anemia may be reversible. This retrospective single-center study aims to examine the relationship between prearrest hemoglobin levels, comorbidities, and survival after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among patients with non-traumatic IHCA. Patients were classified as anemic (hemoglobin < 10 g/dL) or non-anemic (hemoglobin ≥ 10 g/dL) based on their lowest hemoglobin measurement in the 48 h preceding the arrest. The primary outcome was SHD. The secondary outcome was return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).

Results

Of 1515 CPR reports screened, 773 patients were included. Half of the patients (50.5%, 390) were classified as anemic. Anemic patients had higher Charlson Comorbidity Indices (CCIs), less cardiac causes, and more metabolic causes for the arrest. An inverse association was found between CCI and lowest hemoglobin. Overall, 9.1% (70 patients) achieved SHD and 49.5% (383) achieved ROSC. Similar rates of SHD (7.3 vs. 10.7%, p = 0.118) and ROSC (49.5 vs. 51.0%, p = 0.688) were observed in anemic and non-anemic patients. These findings remained consistent after adjustment for comorbidities, in sensitivity analyses on the independent variable (i.e., hemoglobin) and on potential confounders and in subgroups based on sex or blood transfusion in the 72 h preceding the arrest.

Conclusions

Prearrest hemoglobin levels lower than 10 g/dL were not associated with lower rates of SHD or ROSC in IHCA patients after controlling for comorbidities. Further studies are required to confirm our findings and to establish whether post-arrest hemoglobin levels reflect the severity of the inflammatory post-resuscitation processes.
Inhibition of Oocyte Maturation by Follicular Extracellular Vesicles of Nonhyperandrogenic PCOS Patients Requiring IVF
Authors: Liu Chang , Wang Meng , Yao Haixia , Cui Mengge , Gong Xueqi , Wang Lan , Sui Cong , Zhang Hanwang
Published: December 2022

Context

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common diseases that contribute to subfertility. Recent evidence showed that oocytes of women with PCOS matured in vitro away from the follicular fluid presented better potentials, whereas the reason remained unclear.

Objective

This work aimed to investigate whether follicular extracellular vesicles (EVs) of PCOS patients interfere with the quality of oocytes.

Methods

Follicular EVs of women with PCOS (PCOS-EVs) and control women (CTRL-EVs) were isolated and determined using Western blotting, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. The 2 types of EVs were co-cultured with murine germinal vesicle oocytes, respectively. Fluorescence-labeled EVs were used to visualize internalization by oocytes. After co-culture, oocyte maturation rates were calculated. Mitochondria distribution and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were detected in the different groups. Spindle morphology was evaluated using immunofluorescence. Moreover, the expression of catalase (CAT), glutathione synthetase (GSS), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was determined in the oocytes.

Results

Both PCOS-EVs and CTRL-EVs are bilayered vesicles, approximately 100 to 150 nm in size, and enriched in EV-associating protein markers. EVs were internalized by oocytes within 1 hour. Oocyte maturation rate decreased significantly in the PCOS-EV group compared with the CTRL-EV group, whereas the abnormal mitochondria distribution rate and abnormal spindle rate were significantly increased in the PCOS-EV group. Moreover, PCOS-EVs increased the ROS level and the expression of CAT, GSS, and SOD in the oocytes.

Conclusion

PCOS-EVs interfered with oocyte mitochondria and spindles and inhibited oocyte maturation. Moreover, oxidative stress induced by PCOS-EVs might be a potential cause.
Strikes, Stoppages, Occupations
Authors: Belausteguigoitia Marisa , Borzacchiello Emanuela , Lozano RÍan , Brostoff Alex
Published: December 2022

After the repression of the student movement in 1968, it was feminists who collectively took over public spaces for the first time in the 1970s. In recent years, two of the most representative occupations have taken place at the Angel of Independence in Mexico City and the Department of Philosophy and Literature at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Over the past fifty years, feminist political strategies have proliferated, exerting a significant, direct impact on the visual regime and the disappropriation of cultural patrimony. Drawing on the voices of different generations of feminists, this article explores the political meanings that striking, work stoppage, and occupation have acquired, and some of the visual and narrative political strategies (including strikethroughs, graffiti, and mural-making) that serve them.
BOREALIS: an R/Bioconductor package to detect outlier methylation from bisulfite sequencing data
Authors: Oliver Gavin R. , Jenkinson W. Garrett , Olson Rory J. , Schultz-Rogers Laura E. , Klee Eric W.
Published: December 2022

Background: Rare genetic disease studies have benefited from the era of high throughput sequencing. DNA sequencing results in genetic diagnosis of 18-40% of previously unsolved cases, while the incorporation of RNA-Seq analysis has more recently been shown to generate significant numbers of previously unattainable diagnoses.  While DNA methylation remains less explored, multiple inborn diseases resulting from disorders of genomic imprinting are well characterized and a growing body of literature suggests the causative or correlative role of aberrant methylation in diverse rare inherited conditions.  Complex pictures of methylation patterning are also emerging, including the association of regional, multiple specific-site or even single-site methylation, with disease. The systematic application of genomic-wide methylation-based sequencing for undiagnosed cases of rare diseases is a logical progression from current testing paradigms.  Similar to the rationale previously exploited in RNA-based rare disease studies, we can assume that disease-associated or causative methylation aberrations in an individual will demonstrate significant differences from other individuals with unrelated phenotypes.  Thus, aberrantly methylated sites will be outliers from a heterogeneous cohort of individuals.

Methods: Based on this rationale, we present BOREALIS: Bisulfite-seq OutlieR MEthylation At SingLeSIte ReSolution.  BOREALIS uses a beta binomial model to identify outlier methylation at single CpG site resolution from bisulfite sequencing data.

Results: Utilizing power analyses, we demonstrate that BOREALIS can identify outlier CpG methylation within a cohort of samples.  Furthermore, we show that BOREALIS is tolerant to the inclusion of multiple identical outliers with sufficient cohort size and sequencing depth.

Conclusions: The method demonstrates improved performance versus standard statistical testing and is suited for single or multi-site downstream analysis.
Analysis of a self-sufficient photovoltaic system for a remote, off-grid community
Authors: Aljuboury A. S. , Al-Azzawi W.K. , Shakier L. M. , Al-Amiery Ahmed , Kadhum A. H.
Published: December 2022

Background

A photovoltaic (PV) system, especially the stand-alone type, along with a battery storage system, plays a significant role in providing the needed electrical energy to remote, off-grid communities.

Methods

 In this study, a stand-alone PV solar cell was enhanced to better understand the system operation. Modeling and simulation were performed using MATLAB software.

Results

 This work has shown that the I-V  (current-voltage) and P-V (power-voltage) characteristics of the modelled system have a profound effect on energy when a pulse width modulation controller is used as a charger. The modelled PV system generated the required energy under different conditions, considering temperature and PV battery voltage mismatches.

Conclusion

In summary, the simulated model in this study can be considered a system capable of detecting different conditions with the presence or absence of light at different temperatures. Finally, monitoring the temperatures, adjusting the voltage with a suitable charger controller, and selecting solar modules made of optimal materials can increase the efficiency of the solar system and allow it to be used in more applications.
Occurrence of Eubulus sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in fruits of Alibertia edulis (Rich.) A. Rich. (Rubiaceae) in the Cerrado of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Boscardin Jardel , Souza Jaqueline da Silva
Published: December 2022

The puruí Alibertia edulis (Rich.) A. Rich. (Rubiaceae) is a naturally occurring species in the Cerrado biome in Brazil; its fruits serve as food for the local fauna (birds and mammals) and humans. Here, we report on a beetle feeding on the fruits of A. edulis in the Cerrado of Minas Gerais (MG). Monthly collections were carried out in four A. edulis trees in two areas of Cerradão in the vicinity of the municipality of Monte Carmelo, MG, between September and October 2018. These were a legal reserve area of Fazenda Juliana (ARL; Juliana Farm; 18°42'30 "S and 47°33'05 "W) and an area at the Atalho Community (ACA; 18°41'39 "S and 47°34'49 "W). Fruits with or without attack symptoms were collected from the treetop in the four cardinal directions. A total of 100 fruits (50 from each area) were collected from the trees and packed into plastic bags. The fruits were then transported to the laboratory, stored in plastic containers isolated with voile fabric, and checked daily for the emergence of adult insects. After emergence, the insects were identified. During the evaluation period, 33 beetles emerged in puruí fruits from ARL and 13 from ACA. The species has been identified as Eubulus (Kirsch) sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The animals consumed the entire fruit endocarp, leaving it with emergence orifices caused by the adult emergence. It is concluded that Eubulus sp. feeds on the pulp of A. edulis and is able to compete for this resource with other animal species.
Young and hungry in the United Kingdom: a qualitative study of youth food insecurity in Edinburgh and London
Authors: McPherson Charlotte
Published: December 2022

Even before the COVID-19 pandemic struck in 2020, food insecurity was rising steadily and attracting growing concern across the UK. Young people are disproportionately more exposed to food insecurity because of their higher risks of poverty, destitution and homelessness, and because of discriminations in the labour market and social security system. Despite this, very little is known about youth food insecurity in the UK, where the assumption that young people can rely on parental support prevails. This article draws on qualitative interviews with 13 young people, aged 18–26, conducted during the height of nationwide lockdowns in Edinburgh and London in 2020. By engaging with young people from a range of circumstances, this article provides important insights into experiences of youth food insecurity. It finds that while youth food insecurity stems from the familiar trigger of low income, young people are not only more exposed to this risk, but also encounter additional risks linked to being young, including leaving home for the first time. Similarly, this article illustrates that while people of all ages generally prefer to manage their food insecurity independently due to the stigma attached to food insecurity, notions of independence seem particularly important to the young people and their narratives of emerging adulthood in this study, with implications for their (dis)engagement with support. The findings challenge ingrained policy assumptions about young people, and suggest a need for significant policy activity around youth food insecurity, which has been troublingly overlooked in the UK.
Bridging social distances in home care in super-diverse settings: a study of workers, clients and care organisations in the Netherlands
Authors: Kremer Monique
Published: December 2022

Migration-driven super-diversity is creating new challenges for equitable access to care in many European welfare states. To provide good care for all, care workers must bridge different kinds of social distance to build trusting relationships. Qualitative research within two home-care organisations in the same super-diverse neighbourhoods in the Netherlands reveals the strategies used by home-care workers to do so, as well as to maintain distance when their professionalism is threatened. However, the ability of care organisations and their employees to provide good relational care to all is constrained by the national standardisation of care within the welfare state.
Stimulated vibrational–rotational Raman scattering of hydrogen pumped at a 1064-nm laser
Authors: Cai Xianglong , Xu Ming , Jia Yuxi , Liu Jinbo , Wang Pengyuan , Chen Ying , Gai Baodong , Tan Yong , Cai Hongxing , Guo Jingwei
Published: December 2022

A

∼

2

.

1

-

µ

m

laser is within an atmospheric transmission window and can be used in remote sensing. In this work, a 1064-nm laser was used as the pump source, pressurized hydrogen was used as the Raman active medium, and a dual-wavelength

∼

2

.

1

-

µ

m

Raman laser was generated. The 2147-nm laser was generated by a combination processes of stimulated vibrational Raman scattering and stimulated rotational Raman scattering, while a 2132-nm laser was generated by stimulated S-branch vibrational Raman scattering. Optimizing experimental conditions yielded a maximum pulse energy of 76.1 mJ, a peak power of

∼

9.2

M
W

, and a photon conversion efficiency of 29.8%.
Demonstration of universal time-reversal for qubit processes
Authors: Schiansky P. , Strömberg T. , Trillo D. , Saggio V. , Dive B. , Navascués M. , Walther P.
Published: December 2022

In quantum mechanics, the unitary nature of time evolution makes it
intrinsically reversible, given control over the system in question.
Remarkably, there have been several recent demonstrations of protocols
for reverting unknown unitaries in scenarios where even the
interactions with the target system are unknown. These protocols are
limited by their probabilistic nature, raising the fundamental
question of whether time-reversal could be performed
deterministically. Here we show that quantum physics indeed allows for
this by exploiting the non-commuting nature of quantum operators, and
demonstrate a recursive protocol for two-level quantum systems with an
arbitrarily high probability of success. Using a photonic platform, we
achieve an average rewinding fidelity of over 95%. Our protocol,
requiring no knowledge of the quantum process to be rewound, is
optimal in its running time, and brings quantum rewinding into a
regime of practical relevance.
Risk factors of mortality in neonates with neonatal encephalopathy in a tertiary newborn care unit in Zimbabwe over a 12-month period
Authors: Gannon Hannah , Chimhini Gwendoline , Cortina-Borja Mario , Chiyaka Tarisai , Mangiza Marcia , Fitzgerald Felicity , Heys Michelle , Neal Samuel R. , Chimhuya Simbarashe
Published: December 2022

Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) accounts for ~23% of the 2.4 million annual global neonatal deaths. Approximately 99% of global neonatal deaths occur in low-resource settings, however, accurate data from these low-resource settings are scarce. We reviewed risk factors of neonatal mortality in neonates admitted with neonatal encephalopathy from a tertiary neonatal unit in Zimbabwe. A retrospective review of risk factors of short-term neonatal encephalopathy mortality was conducted at Sally Mugabe Central Hospital (SMCH) (November 2018 –October 2019). Data were gathered using a tablet-based data capture and quality improvement newborn care application (Neotree). Analyses were performed on data from all admitted neonates with a diagnosis of neonatal encephalopathy, incorporating maternal, intrapartum, and neonatal risk predictors of the primary outcome: mortality. 494/2894 neonates had neonatal encephalopathy on admission and were included. Of these, 94 died giving a neonatal encephalopathy-case fatality rate (CFR) of 190 per 1000 admitted neonates. Caesarean section (odds ratio (OR) 2.95(95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39–6.25), convulsions (OR 7.13 (1.41–36.1)), lethargy (OR 3.13 (1.24–7.91)), Thompson score “11–14” (OR 2.98 (1.08–8.22)) or “15–22” (OR 17.61 (1.74–178.0)) were significantly associated with neonatal death. No maternal risk factors were associated with mortality. Nearly 1 in 5 neonates diagnosed with neonatal encephalopathy died before discharge, similar to other low-resource settings but more than in typical high-resource centres. The Thompson score, a validated, sensitive and specific tool for diagnosing neonates with neonatal encephalopathy was an appropriate predictive clinical scoring system to identify at risk neonates in this setting. On univariable analysis time-period, specifically a period of staff shortages due to industrial action, had a significant impact on neonatal encephalopathy mortality. Emergency caesarean section was associated with increased mortality, suggesting perinatal care is likely to be a key moment for future interventions.
LRFMV: An efficient customer segmentation model for superstores
Authors: Mahfuza Rezwana , Islam Nafisa , Toyeb Md. , Emon Md Asaduzzaman Faisal , Chowdhury Shahnur Azad , Alam Md. Golam Rabiul
Published: December 2022

The Recency, Frequency, and Monetary model, also known as the RFM model, is a popular and widely used business model for determining beneficial client segments and analyzing profit. It is also recommended and frequently used in superstores to identify customer segments and increase profit margins. Later, the Length, Recency, Frequency, and Monetary model, also known as the LRFM model, was introduced as an improved version of the RFM model to identify more relevant and exact consumer groups for profit maximization. Superstores have a varying number of different products. In RFM and LRFM models, the relationship between profit and purchased quantity has never been investigated. Therefore, this paper proposed an efficient customer segmentation model, namely LRFMV (Length, Recency, Frequency, Monetary and Volume) and studied the profit-quantity relationship. A new dimension V (volume) has been added to the existing LRFM model to show a direct profit-quantity relationship in customer segmentation. The V stands for volume, which is derived by calculating the average number of products purchased by a frequent superstore client in a single day. The data obtained from feature extraction of the LRMFV model is then clustered by using conventional K-means, K-Medoids, and Mini Batch K-means methods. The results obtained from the three algorithms are compared, and the K-means algorithm is chosen for the superstore dataset of the proposed LRFMV model. All clusters created using these three algorithms are evaluated in the LRFMV model, and a close relationship between profit and volume is observed. A clear profit-quantity relationship of items has yet not been seen in any prior study on the RFM and LRFM models. Grouping customers aiming at profit maximization existed previously, but there was no clear and direct depiction of profit and quantity of sold items. This study applied unsupervised machine learning to investigate the patterns, trends, and correlations between volume and profit. The traits of all the clusters are analyzed by the Customer-Classification Matrix. The LRFMV values, larger or less than the overall average for each cluster, are identified as their traits. The performance of the proposed LRFMV model is compared with the legacy RFM and LRFM customer segmentation models. The outcome shows that the LRFMV model creates precise customer segments with the same number of customers while maintaining a greater profit.
Effect of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels on egg-laying frequency in hens
Authors: Prastiya Ragil Angga , Madyawati Sri Pantja , Sari Sera Yunita , Nugroho Aras Prasetiyo
Published: December 2022

Background and Aim: Gonadotropins, for example, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), are hormones that affect the reproductive process. In hens, optimal levels of FSH and LH can stimulate follicle growth fairly rapidly and thereby increase egg production through follicle development and increased ovulation. Follicle-stimulating hormone acts in the early stages of follicular growth, whereas LH acts on pre-ovulatory follicles. Normal follicular growth is the result of the complementary action of FSH and LH. Low FSH and LH levels result in the formation of follicles but a lack of egg production in chickens. This study aimed to investigate FSH and LH hormone levels from layer chickens with different egg-laying frequencies.

Materials and Methods: Fifty blood serum samples were collected from 54-week-old ISA brown strain hens that were divided into five groups (with 10 hens per group) as follows: Hens that lay eggs (i) every day, (ii) once every 2 days, (iii) twice every 3 days, (iv) 3 times every 4 days, and (v) hens that do not lay eggs. Follicle-stimulating hormone and LH levels were measured in samples using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance.

Results: Follicle-stimulating hormone levels were significantly associated with the frequency of egg laying in ISA brown strain hens (p < 0.05); the highest FSH level (869.005 ± 149.194 pg/mL) was found in hens that lay eggs every day. In contrast, the highest LH level (51.386 ± 2.410 mIU/mL) was found in hens that lay eggs every 2 days.

Conclusion: High level of FSH (869.005 ± 149.194 pg/mL) was associated with a high frequency of egg laying (every day) in ISA brown strain hens, and LH level of around 30.406 pg/mL was associated with daily egg laying in these hens.
Conflitos agrários e a agroindústria canavieira em Castilho-SP
Authors: Lopes Dóri Edson
Published: December 2022

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso do município de Castilho-SP com relação aos problemas gerados pela desigual formação de sua estrutura fundiária e as consequências sociais que isso trouxe. E para que se pudesse entender melhor o problema foi feito um breve relato histórico da questão agrária brasileira e sua injusta distribuição de terras. Diante disso é importante analisar as contradições do sistema e os fatores de mudança que daí surgem, e o que nasceu desse processo onde muitos não têm nada e poucos têm muito foram as insatisfações populares, juntamente a elas as reivindicações por uma melhor distribuição da terra no campo. Assim, é dentro desta perspectiva de luta que analisamos os conflitos agrários no Município de Castilho-SP e seus resultados na reconstrução do território. Considera-se também neste estudo o atual avanço do capital agroindustrial e as novas formas de exploração da renda da terra que começam a surgir no território castilhense, onde grandes extensões da superfície passam a ser ocupadas pela monocultura canavieira. Ao mesmo tempo surgem novos desafios e dificuldades aos movimentos sociais que reivindicam a reforma agrária neste local.
A territorialização camponesa no assentamento 24 de Novembro – Capão do Leão – RS
Authors: Ribeiro Veridiana Soares , Salamoni Giancarla
Published: December 2022

Este artigo parte de um estudo de caso realizado no assentamento 24 de Novembro, localizado no município do Capão do Leão - RS. Observamos que o processo de territorialização camponesa na Fazenda da Palma, área pertencente Ã  Universidade Federal de Pelotas, a partir da instalação do assentamento de reforma agrária produziu uma diversidade de formas de uso e apropriação do território, identificadas pelas múltiplas estratégias produtivas e pelas diferentes manifestações de sociabilidade encontradas entre os assentados. À luz dos pressupostos teóricos sobre o conceito de território e das relações socioespaciais manifestadas no mesmo, no contexto de luta pela terra, é que se propõe identificar as territorialidades impressas no espaço geográfico, as quais representam as interrelações entre a sociedade e a natureza na constituição do projeto camponês, ou seja, trabalhar para si, com os seus, no que lhes pertence.
Acervo fundiário digital do INCRA: ferramenta para gestão e ordenamento fundiário no Brasil
Authors: Ribeiro Raphael Medina , Matos Judson Magno da Silva
Published: December 2022

O presente texto apresenta possibilidades de utilização de uma ferramenta de sistema de informação geográfica via internet denominada Acervo Fundiário Digital. Este foi disponibilizado pelo Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (INCRA) ao público em geral no ano de 2009, através do endereço eletrônico: http://acervofundiario.incra.gov.br/i3geo. A disseminação dessa ferramenta aponta à perspectiva de maior acesso a informações geoespaciais relativas ao meio rural brasileiro, em especial aquelas produzidas pelos órgãos públicos, contribuindo dessa maneira ao cumprimento de ações de caráter técnico, político e científico, dedicadas ao ordenamento fundiário e demais demandas agrárias no país.
Massacre de Trabalhadores Sem Terra no Acampamento Terra Prometida: 5 Mortos e 17 Feridos
Authors: Almeida Alexandre Soares de
Published: December 2022

Com grande indignação, viemos denunciar, incansavelmente, há oito anos, que no dia 20 de novembro de 2004 ocorreu a chacina de sem terras - conhecida como Massacre de Felisburgo - a mando de latifundiários no Acampamento "Terra Prometida", Fazenda Nova Alegria, localizada no Município de Felisburgo, no Vale do Jequitinhonha, em Minas Gerais - Brasil. ...
PENGEMBANGAN TEORI MAQASHID SYARI’AH DALAM KONTEKS MODERNITAS: STUDI PEMIKIRAN HUMANISME GUS DUR
Authors: Salamah Fauziah
Published: December 2022

Maqashid syariah sebagai sebuah teori menempati posisi penting dalam penggalian hukum islam dengan mempertimbangkan tujuan-tujuan pembentukan hukum islam. Perkembangan zaman menuntut pengembangan teori maqashid syariah agar islam shalih fi kulli zaman wa makan. Pengembangan maqashid syariah akan mencapai kemaslahatan bagi manusia yang hidup di era modern ini. Pengembangan konsep maqashid syariah, salah satunya dapat dilakukan dengan pemenuhan hak-hak kemanusiaan yang dijunjung tinggi oleh konsep humanisme. Humanisme adalah paham atau pandangan mengenai manusia dan martabat-martabatnya. Tulisan ini mencoba untuk menggali bagaimana pengembangan konsep maqashid syariah melalui kajian humanisme. Tulisan ini fokus mengkaji konsep humanisme Gus Dur dengan beberapa pertimbangan. Pertama, Gus Dur merupakan tokoh Humanisme sekaligus tokoh Agama. Kedua, konsep humanisme Gus Dur didasarkan pada pemuliaan terhadap manusia sebgai kholifah fil ardl yang memiliki tugas mengupayakan kesejahteraan manusia, dan kesejahteraan tersebut dapat dicapai dengan pengembangan konsep maqashid syariah. Konsep Humanisme Gus Dur didasarkan pada pemenuhan hak-hak dasar manusia dan pengembangan struktur masyarakat yang adil. Konsep pengembangan maqashid syariah dalam humanisme Gus Dur adalah merujuk pada hak-hak asasi manusia diatas, yaitu hifdz-nafs atau hak hidup yaitu terjaminnya keselamatan fisik warga masyarakat dari tindakan badani di luar ketentuan hukum;hifdz-din atau hak kebebasan beragama atau kepercayaan yaitu terjaminnya keselamatan keyakinan agama masing-masing, tanpa ada paksaan untuk berpindah agama; hifdz-nasl yaitu terjaminnya keselamatan keluarga dan keturunan, hifdz-mal yaitu terjaminnya keselamatan harta benda dan milik pribadi di luar prosedur hukum; dan keselamatan profesi, hifdz-’aql tercermin dalam hak untuk mendapatkan pendidikan.
Column: Elementary Explorations
Authors: Poindexter Kristen
Published: December 2022

Being a citizen scientist is one way young students can become interested in science.  Through classroom tested lessons, this article explores ways that the migration of the Monarch butterfly can be incorporated into a Kindergarten classroom, allowing students to share Monarch butterfly sightings with the science community at large and for them to teach others about the importance of helping the Monarch butterfly in its journey south to Mexico each fall.
The President's Paragraphs: Notes from HASTI's President
Authors: Butler David
Published: December 2022

In each issue of The Hoosier Science Teacher, we invite the president to share some thoughts as an introduction. In this issue, HASTI’s most recent President David Butler shares some philosphical opinions about the purpose of teaching our students about science as his term ends on June 1. Look in the December 2022 issue of THST for an introduction from HASTI’s new president Staci Hootman.
Ball State University Opens New Environmental Education Center
Authors: Oliver Erica , Day Carol , McConnell Tom J.
Published: December 2022

Ball State University has opened its new Environmental Education Center and a newly expanded Conservatory at the Rinard Orchid Greenhouse. Teachers are invited to plan visits to the site for a variety of environmental education programs. Learn more about the facility and the activities the university hopes to host at the new facility.