bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflections of a team approach to involving people with dementia in research
Authors: King Amanda , Hopkinson Jane , Milton Rebecca
Published: January 2016

The article reflects on the ways in which a person-centred approach was used to ensure that people with dementia were given an opportunity to participate in research. The authors discuss three key issues—the importance of including people with dementia in research, informed consent and the possibility of accidental disclosure of diagnosis. The study was an in-depth examination of the ways in which the cancer team manages patients with memory problems and patients with dementia, and the experiences of these patients and their families in accessing outpatient cancer treatment and care in Wales. The study findings will be reported elsewhere. This article aims to add to the small body of existing knowledge within the literature that describes the experiences of researchers in actively involving people with dementia in research.
Quality of life in patients with malignant spinal cord compression: a review of evidence-based literature
Authors: Harris Mary
Published: January 2016

Malignant spinal cord compression (MSCC) is a devastating complication of metastatic cancer. The majority of existing studies focus on treatment guidelines for MSCC, with little emphasis on the impact that MSCC has on quality of life (QoL) for this patient group. This literature review aims to critically appraise available literature focusing on QoL for patients with MSCC. Relevant literature was identified from key electronic databases. A dearth of credible studies representative of the patient population with MSCC was found. Thematic analysis was used as a guide to identify key themes that impact on QoL. Interestingly, patients with MSCC generally report good QoL and low levels of distress in over 50% of cases. However, a significant percentage of patients are distressed. The review concludes that increased awareness and further research into the impact of MSCC is required.
The use of corticosteroids in reducing cancer-related fatigue: assessing the evidence for clinical practice
Authors: Begley Sarah , Rose Kevin , O'Connor Margaret
Published: January 2016

Fatigue is a significant issue for people with advanced cancer, impacting on quality of life. Strategies to address fatigue encompass non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches and thus require a multidisciplinary approach to manage the physical and psychological impacts on the individual. A widely used strategy to treat fatigue in palliative care is the use of corticosteroids but, despite being frequently prescribed, evidence of their effectiveness is ambiguous. This paper used a systematic approach to explore literature to determine evidence about whether the use of corticosteroids improves levels of cancer-related fatigue in people with advanced cancer. Some 12 relevant papers were found, of which all but 4 were excluded because of age, or because the population group was receiving active treatment. All studies reported improvements in patient-reported fatigue as a result of taking corticosteroids, although the quality of results varied and only a few were deemed to have statistically significant results. While there is some evidence that corticosteroids can improve cancer-related fatigue, more rigorous research is required.
Politics and palliative care: Azores
Authors: Smyth Dion
Published: January 2016

Dion Smyth's review of the internet for palliative nursing
Avoid Using the Error-Prone Abbreviation “TPA”; Unexpected Painful Breath; Mix-ups among “V” Drugs; Brintellix-Brilinta: Name Change Needed
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L.
Published: January 2016

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers’ names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters’ wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Initial Care for Patients with Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: The Next ICU Quality Measure
Authors: Welch Sarah C. , Bauer Seth R.
Published: January 2016

In 2001, the landmark trial of early goal-directed therapy versus standard care for the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock was published. The marked decrease in mortality with early recognition of sepsis and quantitative resuscitation revolutionized the treatment of patients with these conditions. Specific pieces of the early goal-directed therapy protocol have not been routinely adopted into bedside care; however, early administration of antibiotics, resuscitation with intravenous fluids, and attainment of hemodynamic stability to achieve end-organ perfusion have become the standard of care. To help ensure all patients receive optimal therapy at the first signs of severe sepsis or septic shock, the Surviving Sepsis Campaign has developed a core set of initial process steps and treatment goals grouped into a care bundle. Recognizing the benefit of early quantitative resuscitation on patient care, the National Quality Forum adopted a severe sepsis and septic shock care bundle that is similar to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign bundle. This care bundle has been adopted by the US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, with reimbursement to be influenced beginning in 2017. The purpose of this review is to summarize evidence supporting the sepsis quality measure and care bundle and simplify key components of the care bundle where pharmacists can be impactful in ensuring optimal patient care and bundle compliance.
The Use of Edoxaban in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation and Venous Thromboembolism: A Pharmacist's Perspective
Authors: Stacy Zachary A. , Richter Sara K.
Published: January 2016

Until 2010, the vitamin K antagonist warfarin was the only available oral anticoagulant for the prevention of stroke or systemic embolic events (SEE) in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and the treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the United States. Despite its proven efficacy, the use of warfarin is limited by numerous disadvantages, including a delayed onset of action and variable efficacy resulting from interactions with genetic and environmental factors. Consequently, optimal anticoagulation with warfarin requires dose adjustments based on frequent monitoring. In contrast to warfarin, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) including dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban have predictable pharmacokinetic profiles, few drug-drug interactions, no known interactions with food, and can be administered at fixed doses without the requirement for routine monitoring. All DOACs have received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the prevention of stroke or SEE in patients with NVAF and the treatment of VTE based on phase 3 trials demonstrating that they are at least as efficacious as warfarin. In addition, the incidence of clinically relevant bleeding associated with DOACs is comparable to or lower than with warfarin. In this article, the preclinical and clinical data that led to the FDA approval of once-daily edoxaban in January 2015 are presented. Furthermore, practical considerations for edoxaban use including dosing recommendations, transitions of care, reversal of anticoagulation, precautions, contraindications, and cost-effectiveness are discussed. Edoxaban is an important addition to oral anticoagulation options available for the therapeutic management of patients with NVAF or VTE.
Pertuzumab, Trastuzumab, and Docetaxel for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Cheng Rose M. , Waddell J. Aubrey , Solimando Dominic A.
Published: January 2016

The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of antineoplastic therapy, and the agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
Atropine: Terminal Respiratory Secretions
Authors: McEvoy Theresa
Published: January 2016

This Hospital Pharmacy feature is extracted from Off-Label Drug Facts, a publication available from Wolters Kluwer Health. Off-Label Drug Facts is a practitioner-oriented resource for information about specific drug uses that are unapproved by the US Food and Drug Administration. This new guide to the literature enables the health care professional or clinician to quickly identify published studies on off-label uses and determine if a specific use is rational in a patient care scenario. References direct the reader to the full literature for more comprehensive information before patient care decisions are made. Direct questions or comments regarding Off-Label Drug Uses to jgeneral@ku.edu .
Conception of a Personalized Medication Adherence Discharge Kit for Rivaroxaban
Authors: Stern Gretchen M. , Pitlick Jamie M. , Stacy Zachary A. , Crannage Andrew J.
Published: January 2016

Purpose

Due to a lack of necessary monitoring with rivaroxaban, patients have fewer opportunities for education, adherence reinforcement, and follow-up. If rivaroxaban is taken incorrectly, patients are at increased risk for adverse events. The objective was to create personalized rivaroxaban patient adherence kits (R-PAKs) to enhance successful transition from 15 mg twice daily to 20 mg once daily on day 22 of venous thromboembolism (VTE) treatment.

A review of rivaroxaban drug information and existing medication adherence tools was completed to increase understanding of ways to improve adherence. Clinical pharmacists identified several concerns the R-PAK should address, including patient understanding of correct dose, administration timing, serious adverse effects, and importance of compliance, along with loss to follow-up by a health care provider. In the pilot phase, 100 R-PAKs were created. Each kit includes an educational handout describing adverse effects, administration, and monitoring; a reminder card with dosing information, date to transition, and emergency contact information; and a personalized 28-day pill organizer containing customized dividers to correlate with the first 21 days of treatment. Color-coded stickers denote the first day of starting twice-daily therapy upon discharge and the day of transition to once-daily dosing. The items were distributed in tote bags at discharge along with pharmacist education.

Conclusion

The R-PAKs are being used at a community teaching hospital for patients newly diagnosed with VTE who are discharged on rivaroxaban. The concept of a personalized medication box could be modified for any medication that requires high compliance or dose transitions.
Successful Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia with Ceftaroline Fosamil
Authors: Patatanian Edna , Chandler Courtney
Published: January 2016

Objectives

To describe a case of successful treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia with ceftaroline fosamil after failure with vancomycin and daptomycin.

Case Summary

A 53-year-old female with a past medical history of cancer (unknown source/type) and hypothyroidism was admitted to the hospital with cervical and paravertebral abscess with suspected sepsis. In the emergency department (ED), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed possible spinal abscess and narrowing of the spinal canal. The patient was initiated on vancomycin 1,250 mg (~15 mg/kg) every 12 hours and cefepime 2 g every 8 hours empirically. On hospital day 4, blood and wound cultures revealed MRSA susceptible to vancomycin, but with a vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2. Repeat blood cultures were also positive on hospital days 2 and 4. Per infectious disease team consult, therapy was converted to daptomycin 8 mg/kg/day. Although the patient responded well, acute kidney injury (AKI) on hospital day 15 prompted a change in therapy to ceftaroline fosamil 400 mg intravenous every 8 hours. For the remainder of the hospital stay, blood cultures were negative and white blood cell count was within normal limits. On day 20, the patient was discharged to a long-term care facility for continued ceftaroline treatment.

Discussion

The management of MRSA bacteremia remains challenging due to increasing antimicrobial resistance. Although the standard therapy for serious MRSA infections is vancomycin, treatment failures are becoming common in clinical practice due to increasing MICs (≥2 μg/mL). Other therapies may include daptomycin and off-label treatment with telavancin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, or ceftaroline fosamil. This report describes a patient with paravertebral abscess and MRSA bacteremia failing 3 days of vancomycin therapy due to MIC greater than or equal to 2 μg/mL and persistent bacteremia. Treatment with ceftaroline fosamil was well tolerated and resulted in continued clinical improvement. Based on this case report, ceftaroline fosamil may be a reasonable alternative for invasive MRSA infections.

Conclusions

This case report describes successful treatment of MRSA bacteremia with ceftaroline in a patient who responded poorly to conventional therapy, specifically vancomycin due to an elevated MIC (2 μg/mL).
Fentanyl Iontophoretic Transdermal System
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Levien Terri L. , Baker Danial E.
Published: January 2016

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent in print and are also available on-line. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. A drug class review is now published monthly with The Formulary Monograph Service. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service, contact Wolters Kluwer customer service at 866-397-3433. The January 2016 monograph topics are idarucizumab, patiromer, coagulation factor VIII/antihemophilic factor (recombinant), cariprazine, and trifluridine and tipiracil. The Safety MUE is on idarucizumab.
Stability analysis of soret effect on thermohaline convection in dusty ferrofluid saturating a Darcy porous medium
Authors: Sekar R. , Raju K.
Published: January 2016

The Soret–driven ferro thermoconvective instability of multi–component fluid in a porous medium heated from below and salted from above in the presence of dust particles subjected to a transverse uniform magnetic field has been analyzed using Darcy model for various values of permeability of the porous medium. The salinity effect has been contained in magnetization and density of the ferrofluid. A small thermal perturbation imparted on the basic state and a linear stability analysis is used for this model for which normal mode technique is applied. An exact solution is obtained for the case of two free boundaries and both stationary and oscillatory instabilities have been investigated. It is found that the system destabilizes only through stationary mode. The non-buoyancy magnetization parameter, the dust particle parameter and the permeability of the porous medium are found to destabilize the system. The results are depicted graphically.
A new explicit formula for the Bernoulli and Genocchi numbers in terms of the Stirling numbers
Authors: Guo Bai-Ni , Qi Feng
Published: January 2016

In the paper, the authors concisely review some explicit formulas and establish a new explicit formula for the Bernoulli and Genocchi numbers in terms of theStirlingnumbers of the second kind.
Some gamma function inequalities occurring in probability theory
Authors: Nantomah Kwara
Published: January 2016

By utilizing some basic analytical techniques, the authors establish some new Gamma function inequalities occurring in the study of Probability Theory.
Mathematical analysis of single queue multi server and multi queue multi server queuing models: comparison study
Authors: Prasad Vijay , V.H Badshah , Koka Tariq Ahmad
Published: January 2016

In the research paper entitled Mathematical Analysis of Single Queue Multi Server and Multi Queue Multi Server Queuing Model, Prasad and Badshah [7] were proved that single queue multi server model is better than multi queue multi server model, and discussed the relation between the performance measures of these two models, and derive the mathematical equations. In this paper we derive the total cost with assumption of certain Waiting cost in both cases. Also, prove that the expected total cost is less for single queue multi server model as comparing with multi queue multi server model.
A logarithmically completely monotonic function involving the gamma function and originating from the Catalan numbers and function
Authors: Liu Fang-Fang , Shi Xiao-Ting , Qi Feng
Published: January 2016

In the paper, the authors find necessary conditions and sufficient conditions for a function involving the gamma function and originating from investigation of properties of the Catalan numbers and function in combinatorics to be logarithmically completely monotonic.
Limites da lei de cotas nas universidades públicas federais
Authors: Medeiros Hugo Augusto Vasconcelos , E Mello Neto Ruy de Deus , Gomes Alfredo Macedo
Published: January 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar se os dispositivos da Lei de Cotas são suficientes para garantir o intento da ação afirmativa, no sentido da democratização do acesso à educação superior através da justa distribuição das vagas em reserva. Consideramos, primeiro, a autodeclaração racial como critério para decidir o acesso à cota; segundo, as dificuldades técnicas e a não-obrigatoriedade de concorrência paralela inter e intragrupo; e terceiro, a diferença entre as porcentagens de pretos, pardos, indígenas (PPI) e estudantes de baixa renda na população geral e as porcentagens de PPI e estudantes de baixa renda nos estratos socioeconômicos utilizados na Lei para definir as reservas de vagas. Os critérios de distribuição das vagas reservadas compreendem, além da obrigação de ter cursado integralmente o ensino médio em escola públicas, o dispositivo de cálculo dos grupos com acesso às vagas reservadas, de acordo com quatro classificações: I-a: estudantes de escola pública, com renda familiar per capita bruta igual ou inferior a 1,5 salários mínimos, PPI; I-b: estudantes de escola pública, com renda familiar per capita bruta igual ou inferior a 1,5 salários mínimos, não-PPI; e II-a: estudantes de escola pública, com renda familiar per capita superior a 1,5 salários mínimos, PPI; II-b: estudantes de escola pública, com renda familiar per capita superior a 1,5 salários mínimos, não-PPI. Como metodologia, realizamos a análise documental do processo de formulação da Lei de Cotas e tratamos comparativamente os dados dos censos educacional e demográfico. Concluímos que, apesar da sua importância como marco das ações afirmativas de educação superior, a Lei de Cotas não reúne as condições necessárias para garantir uma justa distribuição das vagas.
Teaching hand-washing with pictorial cues
Authors: Saloviita Timo
Published: January 2016

Applied behavior analysis has been shown to be an effective means to teach daily living skills to individuals with intellectual disability. In the present study pictorial cues based on task analysis, system of least prompts, and social reinforcement were used to teach a man with mild intellectual disability to wash his hands correctly. An ABAB reversal design was used with follow-up after two weeks. The results show a rapid increase in hand-washing skills.
Evolution of Microstructure in Rolled Mg-Based Alloy. Textural Aspect / Ewolucja Mikrostruktury W Walcowanym Stopie Na Bazie Mg. Aspekt Teksturowy
Authors: Drzymała P. , Kania B. , Wróbel M. , Darłak P. , Długosz P. , Kwaśniewski P. , Bonarski J. T.
Published: January 2016

Magnesium alloys are the lightest structural materials, which makes them particularly suitable for use in the aircraft and automotive industry. However, due to hexagonal close-packed crystal structure, resulting in insufficient number of independent slip systems, magnesium alloys exhibit poor formability at room temperature. Conventional methods of work hardening of magnesium alloys requires the temperature about 300°C, which favours simultaneously processes of thermal recovery and grain growth, but decreases beneficial microstructure strengthening effect. Thus, it is a crucial to undertake development of a technology for semi-finished magnesium alloys elements, which will ensure better mechanical properties of the final products by forming desirable microstructure. In the paper we present the development of crystallographic texture of the Mg-based alloy (Mg-AZ31) in the form of pipe extruded at 430°C and subjected to pilger rolling at relatively low temperature.
The B-Li System. Calorimetric and Theoretical Studies / Układ B-Li. Badania Kalorymetryczne I Teoretyczne
Authors: Dębski A. , Braga M. H. , Gąsior W.
Published: January 2016

The standard enthalpy of formation of the B78Li22 alloy was measured with the use of the water reaction calorimetric method at 25 °C (298 K). An X-ray diffraction study of the prepared sample was conducted. The obtained diffraction pattern was different from the patterns for the B3Li and B14Li3 phases. The standard enthalpy of formation obtained for the B78Li22 alloy was -39.0 ± 0.7 kJ/mole of atoms. This value corresponds well with the formation enthalpies of the phases from the boron-lithium system. Theoretical calculations of the standard enthalpy of formation were conducted for the B78Li22 alloy and the phases from B-Li system, which were investigated earlier. A discussion of the deviations observed between both sets of data (experimental and calculated) was performed. Additionally, DTA studies were performed for 14 alloys of the concentrations from 40 to 100 at. % of Li.
The Effect of Processing Parameters on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Sintered Structural Steels Based on Prealloyed Powders / Wpływ Parametrów Wytwarzania Na Strukturę I Własności Mechaniczne Spiekanych Stali Wykonanych Na Bazie Proszków Stopowych
Authors: Kulecki P. , Lichańska E. , Sułowski M.
Published: January 2016

The object of the study was to evaluate the effect of production parameters on the structure and mechanical properties of Cr and Cr-Mo PM steels. The measurements were performed on sintered steels made from commercial Höganäs pre-alloyed powders: Astaloy CrA, Astaloy CrL and Astaloy CrM mixed with carbon, added in the form of graphite powder grade C-UF.

Following mixing in a Turbula mixer for 30 minutes, green compacts were single pressed at 660 MPa according to PNEN ISO 2740 standard. Sintering was carried out in a laboratory horizontal furnace at 1120°C and 1250°C for 60 minutes, in 5%H2-95%N2atmosphere. After sintering, the samples were tempered at 200°C for 60 minutes in air. The steels are characterized by ferritic - pearlitic, bainitic - ferritic and bainitic structures.

Following mechanical testing, it can be assumed that steel based on Astaloy CrA pre-alloyed powder could be an alternative material for steels based on Astaloy CrL powder. These steels sintered at 1250°C with 0.6% C had tensile strengths about 650 MPa, offset yield strengths about 300 MPa, elongations about 8.50 %, TRSs about 1100 MPa, hardnesses 220 HV.
The Electro-Spark Deposited WC-Cu Coatings Modified by Laser Treatment / Powłoki WC-Cu Naniesione Elektroiskrowo I Modyfikowane Obróbką Laserową
Authors: Radek N. , Konstanty J. , Scendo M.
Published: January 2016

The main objective of the present work was to determine the influence of laser treatment on microstructure, X-ray diffraction, microhardness, surface geometric structure and roughness, corrosion resistance and tribological properties of coatings deposited on C45 carbon steel by the electro-spark deposition (ESD) process. The studies were conducted using WC-Cu electrodes produced by the powder metallurgy route. The tests show that the laser-treated electro-spark deposited WC-Cu coatings are characterized by higher corrosion resistance, surface roughness and seizure resistance which come at the expense of lower microhardness. The laser treatment process causes the homogenization of the chemical composition, structure refinement and healing of microcracks and pores of the electro-spark deposited coatings. Laser treated ESD coatings can be applied in sliding friction pairs and as protective coatings.
The Plastic Deformation of RFSSW Joints During Tensile Tests / Deformacja Plastyczna Wybranych Połączeń RFSSW Podczas Rozciągania
Authors: Lacki P. , Derlatka A.
Published: January 2016

The dynamic development of the friction stir welding (FSW) technology is the basis for the design of durabe joints inter alia in the aviation industry. This technology has a prospective application, especially for the aluminum alloys. It is suitable for a broad spectrum of permanent joints. The joints obtained by FSW technology are characterized by good mechanical properties. In this paper, the friction stir spot welding joints were analysed. The example of a structure made using this technology were presented. The lap joints made of 2mm Al 6061-T6 sheets were the investigation subject. The different spot welds arrangements were analysed. The tensile test were performed with optical deformation measurement system, which allow to obtain the plastic deformation field on the sample surface. The plastic strain graphs for the characteristic line passing through the maximum deformation were registered and presented. The experimental results were compared to the FEM numerical analysis. The numerical models were built with 3D-solid elements. The boundary conditions, material properties and geometry of the joints were identical as during experimental investigation. The mechanism of deformation of welded joints during tensile test was described and explained. It has been found that the arrangement of the spot welds with respect to the tensile direction has an important influence on the behaviour and deformation of lap joint.
Microsegregation and Precipitates in Inconel 625 Arc Weld Overlay Coatings on Boiler Pipes / Mikrosegregacja I Wydzielenia W Powłokach Ze Stopu Inconel 625 Napawanych Łukowo Na Rury Kotłowe
Authors: Rozmus-Górnikowska M. , Blicharski M.
Published: January 2016

The aim of this work was to investigate the microsegregation and precipitates formed due to segregation in Inconel 625 arc weld overlay coatings on boiler pipes. Examination of microsegregation and precipitates were carried out by means of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an EDS detector as well as a transmission electron microscope (TEM) equipped with a HAADF (STEM) and an EDS detectors. The presence of precipitations in the weld overlay was also confirmed with X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) of residue in the form of powder that remained after the electrolytic dissolution of weld overlay matrix.

The investigations showed that the interdendritic regions were considerably enriched during microsegregation with Nb, and less so with Mo. The distribution of Cr and Fe in the weld overlay is relatively uniform. The value of the partition coefficient k for Mo and Nb is lower than 1. Therefore, these elements segregate during solidification into the liquid and, once solidification is finished, the interdendritic regions are considerably enriched with these elements. The value of k for Cr, Ni and Fe are only slightly higher than 1. Though the Inconel 625 is a solid-solution strengthened alloy, precipitation of secondary phases occurs in weld overlays. Precipitations were identified as a Laves phase and carbonitrides (Nb, Ti)(C, N).
Evaluation of Corrosion Resistance of Nanotubular Oxide Layers on the Ti13Zr13Nb Alloy in Physiological Saline Solution / Ocena Odporności Korozyjnej Nanotubularnych Struktur Tlenkowych Na Stopie Ti13Zr13Nb W Środowisku Płynów Ustrojowych”
Authors: Smołka A. , Dercz G. , Rodak K. , Łosiewicz B.
Published: January 2016

Evaluation of corrosion resistance of the self-organized nanotubular oxide layers on the Ti13Zr13Nb alloy, has been carried out in 0.9% NaCl solution at the temperature of 37ºC. Anodization process of the tested alloy was conducted in a solution of 1M (NH4)2SO4 with the addition of 1 wt.% NH4F. The self-organized nanotubular oxide layers were obtained at the voltage of 20 V for the anodization time of 120 min. Investigations of surface morphology by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM ) revealed that as a result of the anodization under proposed conditions, the single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) can be formed of diameters that range from 10 to 32 nm. Corrosion resistance studies of the obtained nanotubular oxide layers and pure Ti13Zr13Nb alloy were carried out using open circuit potential, anodic polarization curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. It was found that surface modification by electrochemical formation of the selforganized nanotubular oxide layers increases the corrosion resistance of the Ti13Zr13Nb alloy in comparison with pure alloy.
The Influence of Passivation Type on Corrosion Resistance of Ti15Mo Alloy in Simulated Body Fluids / Wpływ Rodzaju Pasywacji Powierzchni Stopu Ti15Mo Na Jego Odporność Korozyjną W Środowisku Płynów Ustrojowych
Authors: Szklarska M. , Dercz G. , Rak J. , Simka W. , Łosiewicz B.
Published: January 2016

This work reports on determination of the influence of passivation type of Ti15wt.%Mo implant alloy surface on its corrosion resistance in simulated body fluids. The alloy under investigation was subjected to natural self-passivation in air, and forced passivation by autoclaving in steam, boiling in 30 % solution of H2O2, and electrochemical passivation in 0.9 % NaCl solution. Resistance of the passivated Ti15Mo alloy to pitting corrosion was studied at 37ºC in 0.9 % NaCl solution using open circuit potential method, anodic polarization curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Comparative estimation of the determined parameters of corrosion resistance revealed that the obtained passive layers improve anticorrosive properties of the tested alloy. Surface of the alloy subjected to passivation in steam autoclave reveals the highest protection against pitting corrosion. Anodic potentiodynamic curves showed that the Ti15Mo alloy after different passivation types of the surface is characterized by a lack of susceptibility to pitting corrosion up to potential of 9 V. Based on the EIS investigations, the thickness of the formed oxide layers (TiO2, anatase) was determined to be in the range from 2.0 to 7.8 nm in dependence on the applied type of passivation. It was ascertained that electrochemical properties of the Ti15Mo alloy and possibility of its surface passivation using simple methods, make it an attractive material for use in biomedicine for long-term implants.
Mechanical Properties of WE43 Magnesium Alloy Joint at Elevated Temperature / Właściwości Mechaniczne Złączy Ze Stopu Magnezu WE43 W Podwyższonej Temperaturze
Authors: Turowska A. , Adamiec J.
Published: January 2016

The WE43 cast magnesium alloy, containing yttrium and rare earth elements, remains stable at temperatures up to 300°C, according to the manufacturer, and therefore it is considered for a possible application in the aerospace and automotive. Usually, it is cast gravitationally into sand moulds and used for large-size castings that find application in the aerospace industry. After the casting process any possible defects that might appear in the casting are repaired with the application of welding techniques. These techniques also find application in renovation of the used cast elements and in the process of joining the cast parts into complex structures. An important factor determining the validity of the application of welding techniques for repairing or joining cast magnesium alloys is the structural stability and the stability of the properties of the joint in operating conditions. In the literature of the subject are information on the properties of the WE43 alloy or an impact of heat treatment on the structure and properties of the alloy, however, there is a lack of information concerning the welded joints produced from this alloy. This paper has been focused on the analysis the microstructure of the welded joints and their mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. To do this, tensile tests at temperatures ranging from 20°C to 300°C were performed. The tests showed, that up to the temperature of 150°C the crack occurred in the base material, whereas above this temperature level the rapture occurred within the weld. The loss of cohesion resulted from the nucleation of voids on grain boundaries and their formation into the main crack. The strength of the joints ranged from 150 MPa to 235 MPa, i.e. around 90 % of strength of the WE43 alloy after heat treatment (T6). Also performed a profilometric examination was to establish the shape of the fracture and to analyze how the temperature affected a contribution of phases in the process of cracking. It was found that the contribution of intermetallic phases in the process of cracking was three times lower for cracks located in the area of the weld.
Modeling with FCA-Based Model of Microstructure Evolution of MgCa08 Alloy During Drawing of Thin Wire in Heated Die / Modelowanie Za Pomocą FCA Rozwoju Mikrostruktury Stopu MgCa08 Podczas Ciągnienia Cienkiego Drutu W Podgrzewanym Ciagadle
Authors: Svyetlichnyy D. S. , Kustra P. , Milenin A.
Published: January 2016

The paper deals with a modeling of manufacturing process of thin wire of MgCa08 alloy used as biocompatible soluble threads for medical application. Some difficulties in material deformation subjected with its hexagonal structure can be solved with accurate establishment of the deformation conditions, especially temperature history of the whole process. In drawing process with heated die, wire is preheated in furnace and then deformed. The only narrow temperature range allows for multi-pass drawing without wire breaking. Diameter below 0.1 mm required for the final product makes very important the consideration of microstructure evolution because grain size is comparable with the wire dimensions. For this reason the problem is considered in the micro scale by using the frontal cellular automata (FCA)-based model. The goals of present work are the development and validation of FCA-base model of microstructure evolution of MgCa0.8 magnesium alloy. To reach this objective, plastometric and relaxation tests of MgCA08 alloy were done on physical simulator GLEEBLE 3800. Results of the experimental studies were used for parameters identification of the hardening-softening model of the material. Then, initial microstructure and its evolution during the drawing passes were simulated with FCA-based model. FCA consider dislocation density and flow stress, hardening and softening including recovery and recrystallization, grain refinement and grain rotation, as well as grain growth. It allows one to obtain structures close to real ones. Two variants of the drawing process with different temperature history were considered. The deformation scheme was the same. Simulation results with following short discussion confirm usefulness of FCA-based model for explanation and selection of rational technological condition of thin wire drawing of MgCa08 alloy.
Numerical and Experimental Study of Producing Flanges on Hollow Parts by Extrusion with a Movable Sleeve / Badania Teoretyczno-Doświadczalne Procesu Wyciskania Z Zastosowaniem Ruchomej Tulei Kołnierza We Wsadach Drążonych
Authors: Gontarz A. , Winiarski G.
Published: January 2016

The paper presents the numerical and experimental results of a new method for producing flanges on hollow parts. With this new method, the flange is extruded by a movable sleeve. This innovative technique is modelled numerically by the finite element method. The effect of workpiece and finished product geometries on the forming process is investigated and failure modes are identfied. The numerical reults are then verified in experiments. The tests are conducted using a three-slide forging press equipped with a special device. The numerical and experimental results show a good agreement, which proves that the developed method is correct.
Numerical Analysis of the Forming Process of Head Toothing in Rolling Extrusion on a Shaft from Aluminum Alloy 7075 / Analiza Numeryczna Kształtowania Uzębienia Czołowego W Procesie Przepychania Obrotowego Na Wałku Ze Stopu Aluminium 7075
Authors: Bartnicki J. , Tomczak J.
Published: January 2016

This paper presents the forming method of head toothing with the application of rolling extrusion technology. Tools numerical models were used in numerical calculations. The presented numerical results concern metals flow kinematics, distributions of stresses and strains. Determined in the process technological parameters of head toothing forming allow foreseeing real material flow in the experiment planned for conducting.
Mechanical Properties of Alumina Foam/Tri-Functional Epoxy Resin Composites with an Interpenetrating Network Structure / Właściwości Mechaniczne Kompozytów Pianka Korundowa/ Trójfunkcyjna Żywica Epoksydowa O Strukturze Infiltrowanej
Authors: Ligoda-Chmiel J. , Potoczek M. , Śliwa R. E.
Published: January 2016

Methods of measuring effective material properties, including Young’s, Kirchoff’s modulus or Poisson’s ratio for composites with an interpenetrating network structure, where the both constituent phases have widely different physical properties, do not lead to an unambiguous interpretation. The commonly- known static methods have the basic disadvantage that higher strain values are needed in order to obtain proper results which is generally impossible to achieve in the case of brittle materials, e. g. ceramics or polymers, as well as for composites created by connecting both these components. The measurement of strain values during the stress test, decreases the values of Young’s modulus from several per cent to several dozen per cent, due to appearance of micro fractures in the brittle materials. If there are differences in the values, then a special form and an appropriate amount of samples are needed. Dynamic methods of predicting an effective material properties (ultrasonic and impulse excitation of vibration techniques) are much more accurate, and their non- destructive nature mean that the samples can be used again in other experiments.

This paper uses the traditional compression test and ultrasonic and impulse excitation of vibration methods to compare and analyze the experimental material properties, such as Young’s modulus, Kirchoff’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio using alumina foam/tri-functional epoxy resin composites with an interpenetrating network structure.
Solution Examples of Selected Issues Related to Die Forging / Przykłady Rozwiązań Wybranych Zagadnień Związanych Z Kuciem Matrycowym
Authors: Gronostajski Z. , Hawryluk M. , Jakubik J. , Kaszuba M. , Misiun G. , Sadowski P.
Published: January 2016

The paper presents selected examples of solutions and specific user applications associated with the industrial forging processes. Various process specific issues encountered during many years of bilateral collaboration with the forging industry are addressed and analysis methods are presented. As demonstrated in numerous articles and publications, the parameters influencing the die forging process are subject to complicated and mutually related dependencies, which can affect and complicate the methods of analysis. For this reason, researchers, more and more frequently, involve the use of additional support tools such as CAD / CAM / CAE, numerical modelling based on FEM, tool surface scanning methods, physical modelling, advanced microstructural research and dedicated control-measurement systems to validate engaged solutions. The research conducted by the authors included mainly: an analysis of the preform preparation, the impact of the geometry on the forging quality and the heating methods of the material and the tools, analysis of the tribological conditions, as well as an optimization of selected processes in respect of the force parameters, strain and temperature distributions and finally, a weight minimization of the input material. The issues discussed by the authors in the article intend, on the basis of the experience of its creators, to review the issues of the current forging technology and to indicate its possible solutions and development directions.
The Influence of the Asymmetric Arb Process on the Properties of Al-Mg-Al Multi-Layer Sheets / Wpływ Asymetrii W Procesie Arb Na Właściwości Wielowarstwowych Blach Al-Mg-Al
Authors: Wierzba A. , Mróz S. , Szota P. , Stefanik A. , Mola R.
Published: January 2016

The paper presents the results of the experimental study of the three-layer Al-Mg-Al sheets rolling process by the ARB method. The tests carried out were limited to single-pass symmetric and asymmetric rolling processes. An Al-Mg-Al package with an initial thickness of 4 mm (1-2-1 mm) was subjected to the process of rolling with a relative reduction of 50%. To activate the shear band in the strip being deformed, an asymmetry factor of av=2 was applied. From the test results, an increase in the tensile strength of the multi-layer Al-Mg-Al sheets obtained from the asymmetric process was observed. Microhardness tests did not show any significant differences in aluminium layer between respective layers of sheets obtained from the symmetric and the asymmetric process. By contrast, for the magnesium layer, an increase in microhardness from 72 HV to 79 HV could be observed for the asymmetric rolling. The analysis of the produced Al-Mg-Al sheets shows that the good bond between individual layers and grain refinement in the magnesium layer contributed to the obtaining of higher mechanical properties in the multi-layer sheets produced in the asymmetric process compared to the sheets obtained from the symmetric process.
Study of Casting and Solidification of Slab Ingot from Tool Steel Using Numerical Modelling / Modelowanie Numeryczne Odlewania I Krzepnięcia Wlewków Stalowych Ze Stali Narzędziowej
Authors: Tkadlečková M. , Michalek K. , Machovčák P. , Kováč M. , Socha L.
Published: January 2016

The main problem in the production of forgings from tool steels, especially thick plates, blocks, pulleys and rods which are used for special machine components for demanding applications, it is the inhomogeneous structure with segregations, cracks in segregations or complex type of non-metallic inclusions MnS and TiCN. These forgings are actually produced from conventional forging ingots. Due to the size of forgings, it would be interesting the production of these forgings from slab ingots. It is possible that the production of forgings from slab ingots (which are distinguished by a characteristic aspect ratio A/B), it would reduce the occurrence of segregations. The paper presents the verification of the production process of slab steel ingots in particular by means of numerical modelling using finite element method. The paper describes the pre-processing, processing and post-processing phases of numerical modelling. The attention was focused on the prediction of behavior of hot metal during the mold filling, on the verification of the final porosity, of the final segregation and on the prediction of risk of cracks depending on the actual geometry of the mold.
Microstructural Aspect of Long Term Service of the Austenitic TP347HFG Steel / Wpływ Długotrwałej Eksploatacji Na Mikrostrukturę Stali TP347HFG
Authors: Golański G. , Lis A. K. , Słania J. , Zieliński A.
Published: January 2016

The paper presents the results of research on the microstructure of austenitic creep-resisting TP347HFG steel after longterm service. The tests of the microstructure were performed using SEM and TEM. The identification of precipitates was carried out using selective electron diffraction. It has been shown that long-term service mostly contributes to the processes of precipitation of secondary NbC carbides inside grains and M23C6 carbides on grain boundaries. In the microstructure of the examined steel, also the processes of polygonization and recrystallization of the matrix were revealed.
Large-Eddy Simulations of a Flow Characteristics in a Multi-Strand Continuous Casting Tundish / Badania Numeryczne Charakterystyk Przepływu W Wielo-Wylewowej Kadzi Posredniej Metodą Wielkich Wirów (Les)
Authors: Merder T. , Warzecha M. , Warzecha P.
Published: January 2016

In order to increase the efficiency and quality of the steel-making process a numerous studies are conducted at the various stages of the process, including continuous casting of steel. Researchers still search for new models and improve existing one, so that the specific of the process is accuratelly reproduced. One way to increase the accuracy of numerical simulation, is to apply the LES (Large Eddy Simulation) method to simulate steelmaking processes.

The article presents the results of numerical analysis on the flow characteristics (RTD curves) of liquid steel in the tundish facility for the continuous casting of steel. Numerical simulations have been performed using RANS (Reynoldsaveraged Navier-Stoke) and LES methods, and those results have been verified in industrial conditions.
Optimization of Submerged Entry Nozzle Depth in CC Mould / Optymalizacja Zanurzenia Wylewu W Krystalizatorze Cos
Authors: Pieprzyca J. , Merder T. , Saternus M.
Published: January 2016

The way and speed of steel flux flowing into mould of continuous casting (CC) machine belong to the important parameters characterizing the steel continuous casting process. Such flux causes determined kinds of steel circulation, which together with simultaneous steel crystallization influence the creation of ingots primary structure and quality of its surface.

The article presents the results of modelling research which aim was to determine the optimal location of submerged entry nozzle in square moulds (130 x 130 mm and 160 x 160 mm) of CC machine. Such a research was carried out for two different grades of steel (low-carbon steel and high-carbon steel), which feature different parameters of casting.
Analysis of the Deformability of Two-Layer Materials AZ31/Eutectic / Analiza Możliwości Odkształcania Plastycznego Materiału Dwuwarstwowego AZ31/Eutektyka
Authors: Mola R. , Mróz S. , Szota P. , Sawicki S.
Published: January 2016

The paper present the results of physical simulation of the deformation of the two-layered AZ31/eutectic material using the Gleeble 3800 metallurgical processes simulator. The eutectic layer was produced on the AZ31 substrate using thermochemical treatment. The specimens of AZ31 alloy were heat treated in contact with aluminium powder at 445°C in a vacuum furnace. Depending on the heating time, Al-enriched surface layers with a thickness of 400, 700 and 1100 μm were fabricated on a substrate which was characterized by an eutectic structure composed of the Mg17Al12 phase and a solid solution of aluminium in magnesium. In the study, physical simulation of the fabricated two-layered specimens with a varying thickness of the eutectic layer were deformed using the plane strain compression test at various values of strain rates. The testing results have revealed that it is possible to deform the two-layered AZ31/eutectic material at low strain rates and small deformation values.