bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of the Saline Load Test for Traumatic Arthrotomy of the Ankle With Ankle Arthroscopy Simulation
Authors: Bohl Daniel D. , Frank Rachel M. , Lee Simon , Hamid Kamran S. , Holmes George B. , Lin Johnny , Lee Simon
Published: February 2018

Background:

The saline load test has been used to evaluate for traumatic arthrotomy in orthopedics. The purpose of this study was to determine the volume of saline required to detect traumatic arthrotomy of the ankle.

Methods:

Forty-two patients undergoing elective ankle arthroscopy were prospectively enrolled. For each patient, a standard 4-mm anteromedial portal was established. Next, an 18-gauge needle was inserted at the site of the anterolateral portal. Sterile saline was slowly injected through the needle until saline extravasated from the anteromedial portal. Saline volumes at the time of extravasation were recorded and analyzed.

Results:

The saline volume required to achieve extravasation ranged from 0.2 to 60.0 mL. The median saline volume required to achieve extravasation was 9.7 mL (interquartile range, 3.8–29.6 mL); however, 5 of 42 patients required volumes between 50.0 and 60.0 mL. A total of 50.0 mL was required to achieve 90% sensitivity, 55.0 mL to achieve 95% sensitivity, and 60.0 mL to achieve 99% sensitivity.

Conclusions:

The previously recommended 30 mL of saline required to reliably detect traumatic arthrotomy of the ankle may be too small a volume.

Clinical Relevance:

The present study suggests that clinicians should attempt to inject 60 mL of saline to effectively rule out a traumatic arthrotomy injury. Because of the study’s methods involving an anteromedial arthrotomy with anterolateral saline injection, these findings may be most valid for arthrotomies on the medial side of the ankle.
Racial Differentials in the Components of Population Change and Neighborhood Transitions in New York City, 1980–2010: The Distinct Role of Asian Net Inflows in the Age of Net Outflows of Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics
Authors: Lobo Arun Peter , Flores Ronald J. O. , Salvo Joseph J.
Published: February 2018

We examine New York’s components of population change—net migration and natural increase—by race and space to explain increases in integrated and minority neighborhoods, in this era of greater ethnoracial diversity. The city has net outflows of Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics, and net Asian inflows, a new dynamic that has reordered its neighborhoods. Asians, often joined by Hispanics, moved into White neighborhoods without triggering White flight, resulting in integrated neighborhoods without Blacks. These neighborhoods constitute a plurality, furthering Black exclusion. Minority neighborhoods saw net outflows, an overlooked phenomenon, but expanded thanks to natural increase, which maintains the existing racial structure. White inflows have helped transition some minority neighborhoods to integrated areas, though integrated neighborhoods with Blacks declined overall. As Asians and Hispanics occupy historically White spaces, this warrants a reconceptualization of race and the emerging racial hierarchy, and a focus on the gatekeeper role of Asians and Hispanics.
Integrative Review of Mobile Phone Contacts and Medication Adherence in Severe Mental Illness
Authors: Bright Cordellia E.
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND: Poor medication adherence is a significant problem in individuals with severe mental illness (SMI). About 50% of people with SMI become nonadherent to treatment in the first month following discharge from the hospital. OBJECTIVE: This study examined literature in the past decade (2006-2016) on the use of mobile phone contacts in individuals with SMI to improve medication adherence post hospital discharge. DESIGN: This integrative review used the search terms texting, text messaging, SMS, cell/mobile phone, medication adherence, medication compliance, and mental illness. Databases (CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus) and manual searching of reference lists were done. The main inclusion criteria were the use of mobile phone contacts on medication adherence in individuals with SMI. Adults 18 years and older, studies conducted from 2006 to 2016, and studies conducted in English were also criteria for inclusion. Only five studies met criteria for inclusion. RESULTS: Outcomes from the review showed that mobile phone contacts have been used to improve medication adherence in individuals with SMI and able to provide the four types of social support (instrumental, informational, emotional, and, appraisal). When phone contacts especially text messaging was used as an adjunct to other interventions, it yielded better medication adherence than when used alone. However, results on medication adherence rates were mixed in participants on both psychiatric and nonpsychiatric medications. CONCLUSION: Although mobile phone contacts are a promising tool to enhance medication adherence after hospital discharge, its effectiveness to increase medication adherence in this population remains inconclusive.
Management, Social Sustainability, Reputation, and Financial Performance Relationships: An Empirical Examination of U.S. Firms
Authors: Sroufe Robert , Gopalakrishna-Remani Venugopal
Published: February 2018

With growing evidence of positive relationships between social sustainability and financial performance, there is a critical need for understanding how innovative organizations integrate sustainability and tie theory to practice. The research in this study uses a sample of Fortune 500 firms simultaneously listed in the Newsweek Green rankings, The Corporate Knights Global 100, and the 100 Best Corporate Citizens lists. The analysis from this purposeful sample of leading firms reveals positive relationships between the management of sustainability practices leading to improved social sustainability performance and firm financial performance constructs. The results of this study advance construct and item development involving sustainability management and social sustainability practices while testing relationships to measures of financial performance. Further advances in the field and opportunities for future research involve testing larger cross-sector samples, the development and measurement of social sustainability practices from secondary sources, longitudinal studies, and the evolving nature of organizational performance measurement.
Perceived Diet and Exercise Behaviors Among Social Network Members With Personal Lifestyle Habits of Public Housing Residents
Authors: Gudzune Kimberly A. , Peyton Jennifer , Pollack Craig Evan , Young J. Hunter , Levine David M. , Latkin Carl A. , Clark Jeanne M.
Published: February 2018

Our objective was to characterize the relationship between public housing residents’ diet/exercise habits with similar behaviors among their social network. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of randomly selected households in Baltimore, Maryland, from August 2014 to August 2015. Adult heads of household completed questions on diet, exercise, and perceived habits among network members. Our dependent variables were high added sugar intake (≥39.9 teaspoons/day), high fruit/vegetable intake (≥6.1 servings/day), and being physically active (≥moderately activity). Our network exposures were proportion of members perceived to daily consume (1) sugar-sweetened beverages, (2) sweets, (3) fruits, and (4) vegetables, as well as to weekly exercise (1) vigorously or (2) moderately. We used multivariate logistic regression to examine associations between habits with relevant network exposures. Our sample included 266 adults with mean age of 44.5 years, 86.1% women and 95.5% African American. We found a statistically significant association between study participants’ high daily intake of added sugar with perceived network exposure to daily sugar-sweetened beverages (odds ratio [OR] = 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.02, 1.20]) and daily sweets (OR = 1.10, 95% CI [1.02, 1.20]). Greater network exposure to weekly vigorous exercise was significantly associated with personally being physically active (OR = 1.15, 95% CI [1.04, 1.28]), but not network exposure to weekly moderate exercise. Among public housing residents, associations exist between individuals’ and perceived networks’ lifestyle habits of high added sugar foods consumption and vigorous exercise, which may hold promise for future social network interventions.
If It Were Only That Easy: The Use of Meta-Analytic Research by Organizational Scholars
Authors: DeSimone Justin A. , Köhler Tine , Schoen Jeremy L.
Published: February 2018

This paper evaluates how researchers are currently citing meta-analytic results and provides specific recommendations for interpreting the information provided by meta-analysis (MA). The past four decades have seen a proliferation of MA research across the organizational sciences and myriad improvements to how MA is conducted. MAs are cited more frequently than individual primary studies and have a substantial influence on subsequent research and theorizing. Yet the consumption of meta-analytic results in organizational scholarship remains superficial. We evaluate citation practices for four seminal MAs and find that authors predominantly interpret meta-analytic findings in the simplest way possible: as evidence of the existence of a relationship between variables. In focusing only on this basic finding, citing authors neglect the complexity and rich detail provided by MA. We offer advice for how researchers can more effectively leverage the strengths of meta-analytic findings to inform subsequent research by taking advantage of the benefits that meta-analytic methodology can provide for the explanation of organizational phenomena.
Positive Greetings at the Door: Evaluation of a Low-Cost, High-Yield Proactive Classroom Management Strategy
Authors: Cook Clayton R. , Fiat Aria , Larson Madeline , Daikos Christopher , Slemrod Tal , Holland Elizabeth A. , Thayer Andrew J. , Renshaw Tyler
Published: February 2018

Externalizing behavior is a significant concern among teachers. Teachers could benefit from incorporating proactive strategies to prevent problem behaviors and promote academic engagement as students transition into the classroom learning environment. The purpose of this study was to conduct an experimental investigation of the Positive Greetings at the Door (PGD) strategy to improve middle school students’ classroom behavior. Teachers were nominated by their principals for participation and then randomly assigned to the PGD or attention control condition. Observational data on academic engaged time and disruptive behavior were collected pre- and post-implementation. Results revealed that the PGD strategy produced significant improvements in academic engaged time and reductions in disruptive behavior. Moreover, results from a social validity questionnaire indicated that teachers found the PGD strategy to be feasible, reasonable, and acceptable. The limitations of this study and implications of these findings for teacher pre- and in-service trainings are discussed.
Modulation of Tryptophan and Serotonin Metabolism as a Biochemical Basis of the Behavioral Effects of Use and Withdrawal of Androgenic-Anabolic Steroids and Other Image- and Performance-Enhancing Agents
Authors: Badawy Abdulla A-B
Published: February 2018

Modulation of tryptophan (Trp) metabolism may underpin the behavioral effects of androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS) and associated image and performance enhancers. Euphoria, arousal, and decreased anxiety observed with moderate use and exercise may involve enhanced cerebral serotonin synthesis and function by increased release of albumin-bound Trp and estrogen-mediated liver Trp 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) inhibition and enhancement of serotonin function. Aggression, anxiety, depression, personality disorders, and psychosis, observed on withdrawal of AAS or with use of large doses, can be caused by decreased serotonin synthesis due to TDO induction on withdrawal, excess Trp inhibiting the 2 enzymes of serotonin synthesis, and increased cerebral levels of neuroactive kynurenines. Exercise and excessive protein and branched-chain amino acid intakes may aggravate the effects of large AAS dosage. The hypothesis is testable in humans and experimental animals by measuring parameters of Trp metabolism and disposition and related metabolic processes.
Academic writing as love
Authors: Kiriakos Carol Marie , Tienari Janne
Published: February 2018

Writing is presented in hegemonic academic discourse as a rational and predictable activity that targets publications in the right journals. Nevertheless, many academics struggle with writing. In this article, we draw attention to how writing is experienced as an embodied, sensuous, emotional, social, and identity-related activity. Specifically, we aim to advance this comprehensive understanding of academic writing with the concept of love. By understanding love as action rather than feeling, we can foster our love for writing both as practice and in practice. We can learn to deal with the struggle by writing every day and approaching writing with dedication. By advocating the perspective of love, we seek to encourage discussion on academic writing so that it reflects the multifaceted experiences of writers, and unleash its potential in confusing and disrupting the masculine order in academia. Love offers a language to talk about vulnerability and courage, and viewing writing in the light of love helps us to learn more about ourselves and our activities as writers of management.
Therapeutic efficacy of CD34+ cell-involved mononuclear cell therapy for no-option critical limb ischemia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials
Authors: Pan Tianyue , Wei Zheng , Fang Yuan , Dong Zhihui , Fu Weiguo
Published: February 2018

Early-phase clinical trials in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) have shown positive results of mononuclear cell therapy. The current meta-analysis investigated whether cluster of differentiation (CD) 34+ mononuclear cell therapy (CD34+MCT) is effective for no-option CLI. Ten randomized controlled clinical studies of CD34+MCT for no-option CLI with 479 patients were identified and analyzed for pooled results. Compared to control groups, the CD34+MCT was associated with lower total amputation (odds ratio (OR): 0.45, p=0.01; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.24–0.85) and a higher complete ulcer healing rate (OR: 2.80, p=0.008; 95% CI: 1.31–6.02), but showed no advantage in major amputation (OR: 0.58, p=0.11; 95% CI: 0.29–1.14) and all-cause mortality (OR: 0.82, p=0.62; 95% CI: 0.36–1.83) . Studies with a high CD34+ cell dosage showed significant results in major amputation (OR: 0.38, p=0.002; 95% CI: 0.21–0.70), total amputation (OR: 0.31, p=0.0002; 95% CI: 0.17–0.57) and complete ulcer healing (OR: 7.58, p=0.0005; 95% CI: 2.40–23.88), which were not observed in the low-dose studies. However, inclusion of placebo-controlled studies showed no improvement of the CD34+MCT in total amputation (OR: 0.67, p=0.42; 95% CI: 0.25–1.79), major amputation (OR: 1.31, p=0.43; 95% CI: 0.67–2.54) or complete ulcer healing (OR: 1.52, p=0.27; 95% CI: 0.72–3.21), which were extremely significant in non-placebo-controlled studies ( p<0.001). In conclusion, the significant results of CD34+MCT might not support its therapeutic benefit due to high placebo-effect risk and considerable heterogeneity caused by distinct cell doses. More sizable double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trials with higher CD34+ cell dosage are needed in the future.
Ngā Whakāwhitinga (standing at the crossroads): How Māori understand what Western psychiatry calls “schizophrenia”
Authors: Taitimu Melissa , Read John , McIntosh Tracey
Published: February 2018

This project explored how Māori understand experiences commonly labelled “schizophrenic” or “psychotic”. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 57 Māori participants who had either personal experiences labelled as “psychosis” or “schizophrenia”, or who work with people with such experiences; including tangata whaiora (users of mental health services), tohunga (traditional healers), kaumatua/kuia (elders), Māori clinicians, cultural support workers and students. Kaupapa Māori Theory and Personal Construct Theory guided the research within a qualitative methodology. The research found that participants held multiple explanatory models for experiences commonly labelled “psychotic” or “schizophrenic”. The predominant explanations were spiritual and cultural. It seems that cultural beliefs and practices related to mental health within Māori communities remain resilient, despite over a century of contact with mainstream education and health services. Other explanations included psychosocial constructions (interpersonal trauma and drug abuse), historical trauma (colonisation) and biomedical constructions (chemical brain imbalance). Participants (both tangata whaiora and health professionals) reported they were apprehensive about sharing their spiritual/cultural constructions within mainstream mental health settings due to fear of being ignored or pathologised. This study highlights the importance of asking users of mental health services about the meaning they place on their experiences and recognising that individuals can hold multiple explanatory models. Māori may hold both Māori and Pākehā (European) ways of understanding their experiences and meaningful recognition should be afforded to both throughout assessment and treatment planning in mental health services. Clinicians need to be aware that important personal and cultural meanings of experiences labelled psychotic may be withheld due to fear of judgement or stigmatisation.
From economic rationalism to global neoliberalism? Marking 25 years since Economic Rationalism in Canberra
Authors: Barnes Tom , Humphrys Elizabeth , Pusey Michael
Published: February 2018

Despite the impact of global economic crises and, more recently, the international shockwave of populism, neoliberalism persists as a framework for policies, policymakers and social orders. In Australia, debate about neoliberalism was largely initiated by the publication of Economic Rationalism in Canberra in 1991. This special section of the Journal of Sociology has been compiled to mark the impact of this seminal text over the past quarter of a century. The contributions to this section outline the evolution and transformative impact of neoliberalism locally and globally, and especially highlight current work by early-career researchers in Australia. As well as acknowledging competing interpretations of neoliberalism, this introduction summarises emerging scholarship in economic sociology by focusing on: the rhetoric of policymaking; the rollout of neoliberal policies in Australia and comparisons with international experiences; the impact of neoliberalism on social movements and social activism; and its ongoing role as a frame of reference for everyday work and life.
Tactical evaluations: Everyday neoliberalism in academia
Authors: Cannizzo Fabian
Published: February 2018

Neoliberal political rationalities have transformed not only national policy agendas, but also the strategies that individuals adopt to navigate their everyday lives; sometimes described as ‘everyday neoliberalism’. This article explores everyday neoliberalism’s contribution to the transformation of workplace ethics through a case study of Australian academics. National higher education policy reforms have been mirrored by a transformation in academics’ perceptions of what forms of self-management are legitimate and necessary. While governmental reforms are couched in a language of technical efficiency and accountability to stakeholders, interviews with academics reveal depoliticising practices of evaluation. Values conflicts – between scholarly autonomy and managerial efficiency – are indicative of tactical struggles over the means by which academics evaluate their selves and their labour. The managerialisation of university governance has not eroded political and value commitments, but has encouraged academics to pursue more individualised forms of ethics, which re-affirm their compliance with managerial norms.
Inclusive sensory ethnography: Studying new media and neurodiversity in everyday life
Authors: Alper Meryl
Published: February 2018

Media and communication studies has recently begun to ethnographically explore the sensory dimensions of how individuals experience and perceive technology. This turn toward the sensorial has centered primarily on the five “external” senses (sight, sound, touch, smell, and taste) and less so on “internal” vestibular and proprioceptive systems that concern bodily spatial positioning. I propose inclusive sensory ethnography to account for greater neurodiversity in how humans process sensory input, as well as a fuller range of multi-sensory encounters with new media. I ground this conceptualization in a qualitative study of young children on the autism spectrum with difficulties processing sensory information and their social engagements with print, screen, and interactive media. Inclusive sensory ethnography reveals novel understandings of how the internal senses shape and are shaped by mediated relationships, practices, and intimacies. I discuss further implications for how disability and inclusive sensory ethnography can enrich the study of everyday technology use.
The small, disloyal fake news audience: The role of audience availability in fake news consumption
Authors: Nelson Jacob L , Taneja Harsh
Published: February 2018

In light of the recent US election, many fear that “fake news” has become a force of enormous reach and influence within the news media environment. We draw on well-established theories of audience behavior to argue that the online fake news audience, like most niche content, would be a small subset of the total news audience, especially those with high availability. By examining online visitation data across mobile and desktop platforms in the months leading up to and following the 2016 presidential election, we indeed find the fake news audience comprises a small, disloyal group of heavy Internet users. We also find that social network sites play an outsized role in generating traffic to fake news. With this revised understanding, we revisit the democratic implications of the fake news crisis.
Algorithms in the newsroom? News readers’ perceived credibility and selection of automated journalism
Authors: Wölker Anja , Powell Thomas E
Published: February 2018

Automated journalism, the autonomous production of journalistic content through computer algorithms, is increasingly prominent in newsrooms. This enables the production of numerous articles, both rapidly and cheaply. Yet, how news readers perceive journalistic automation is pivotal to the industry, as, like any product, it is dependent on audience approval. As audiences cannot verify all events themselves, they need to trust journalists’ accounts, which make credibility a vital quality ascription to journalism. In turn, credibility judgments might influence audiences’ selection of automated content for their media diet. Research in this area is scarce, with existing studies focusing on national samples and with no previous research on ‘combined’ journalism – a relatively novel development where automated content is supplemented by human journalists. We use an experiment to investigate how European news readers ( N = 300) perceive different forms of automated journalism in regard to message and source credibility, and how this affects their selection behavior. Findings show that, in large part, credibility perceptions of human, automated, and combined content and source(s) may be assumed equal. Only for sports articles was automated content perceived significantly more credible than human messages. Furthermore, credibility does not mediate the likelihood of news readers to either select or avoid articles for news consumption. Findings are, among other things, explained by topic-specific factors and suggest that effects of algorithms on journalistic quality are largely indiscernible to European news readers.
The use of cartoon illustration for the assessment of social science concepts
Authors: Fradkin Chris
Published: February 2018

The assessment of conceptual knowledge presents a challenge, particularly at the university level, at which large class size precludes individual assessment for assessment through multiple-choice examinations. This practitioner essay sets forth an alternative format: the use of cartoon illustration as a tool for the assessment of students’ conceptual knowledge. The context is an upper-division (third- and fourth-year students) psychology class at an American public research university. Student artwork is included, past research is discussed, and implications for the future are considered.
The places within
Authors: Booth Kate
Published: February 2018

There was a place in my life where I had the time and space to reflect more deeply on the intricacies of home. Here my sense of where I was shifted and stirred, along with my relationship with some of the ‘things’ that made up my home. The washing machine that seemingly existed as a complete, discrete ‘thing’ prior to arriving in my home transgressed into my washing machine. It became, as I describe below, co-produced within my home life – a co-production constituted through a myriad of near and far relationalities. This ‘thing’ lost its place as a machine conveniently located within the kitchen and became places.
Real-time monitoring of low-velocity impact damage for composite structures with the omnidirection carbon nanotubes’ buckypaper sensors
Authors: Lu Shaowei , Du Kai , Wang Xiaoqiang , Tian Caijiao , Chen Duo , Ma Keming , Xu Tao
Published: February 2018

A novel, omnidirectional, nanomaterial-based sensor technology which can provide wide area damage detection of composite structures was proposed in this work. The behaviors of the buckypaper sensors subjected to both tensile and low-velocity impact were investigated. The experimental results showed that the rectangle buckypaper sensor has a large range of sensing coefficients from 21.40 to 35.83 at different directions under tensile. However, the circular buckypaper sensor has a steady sensing coefficient of about 155.63. Thus, the circular buckypaper sensor as a kind of omnidirectional sensor was chosen to monitor the impact damage. The low-velocity impact damage of composite structures is characterized by the gauge factor of omnidirectional buckypaper sensors and the results of C-scanning. Omnidirectional buckypaper sensors’ electrical resistance increases with repeated impact loading; composite structure elastic deformation and damage evolution can be identified from resistance change. Experiment results show that structure monitoring based on the omnidirectional buckypaper sensor not only can detect small barely visible impact damage flaws and the damage evaluation of composite structures subjected to impact but also can determine the location of low-velocity impact damage through the analysis of results. Through comparison with C-scan, the results have preliminarily demonstrated that the omnidirectional carbon nanotubes’ buckypaper sensor can serve as an efficient tool for sensing the evolution of impact damage as well as serve structural health monitoring of composite structures.
Happiness as a Reward for Torture: Is Participation in a Long-Distance Triathlon a Rational Choice?
Authors: Maxcy Joel , Wicker Pamela , Prinz Joachim
Published: February 2018

This study applies prospect theory to an assessment of actual behavior. Loss aversion, reference dependence, and diminishing sensitivity are conceptualized through survey respondents’ perceptions of physical and mental torture during training for and competition in long-distance triathlons. Regression results show that frequent thoughts of giving up during the race negatively affect happiness after the race, while mental torture during training and race is negatively associated with happiness in the weeks after the race. Satisfaction with race outcome positively affects happiness, suggesting that achieving individual goals is more important than absolute performance in terms of finishing times and ranks.
The Fragility of Racial Transcendence: An Analysis of Oprah Winfrey’s Endorsement of the Barack Obama 2008 Presidential Campaign
Authors: McClerking Harwood K. , Laird Chryl N. , Block Ray
Published: February 2018

We define racial transcendence as an elevated status in which evaluations of an individual are no longer shaped by the race of the attitudinal target or the race of the person making the evaluations. Observers argue that Oprah Winfrey transcends race, meaning that she is just as likely to receive support from non-Blacks as she is from fellow Blacks. But this argument may not follow when Oprah moves into the political arena. We use two surveys to demonstrate this: The first survey supports Winfrey’s transcendence, while we see in-group support in the second. We find that Oprah enjoys her greatest support among racial fellows, and her favorability flows along the lines of race and gender: Her greatest supporters are Black women. Oprah’s ability to offer political cues also flows along lines of race and gender: Those most likely to be influenced by her Obama endorsement are Black women.
Predicting 30-day mortality in patients with sepsis: An exploratory analysis of process of care and patient characteristics
Authors: Sanderson Miriam , Chikhani Marc , Blyth Esme , Wood Sally , Moppett Iain K , McKeever Tricia , Simmonds Mark JR
Published: February 2018

Background

Sepsis represents a significant public health burden, costing the NHS £2.5 billion annually, with 35% mortality in 2006. The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate risk factors predictive of 30-day mortality amongst patients with sepsis in Nottingham.

Methods

Data were collected prospectively from adult patients with sepsis in Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust as part of an on-going quality improvement project between November 2011 and March 2014. Patients admitted to critical care with the diagnosis of sepsis were included in the study. In all, 97 separate variables were investigated for their association with 30-day mortality. Variables included patient demographics, symptoms of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, organ dysfunction or tissue hypoperfusion, locations of early care, source of sepsis and time to interventions.

Results

A total of 455 patients were included in the study. Increased age (adjOR = 1.05 95%CI = 1.03–1.07 p < 0.001), thrombocytopenia (adjOR = 3.10 95%CI = 1.23–7.82 p = 0.016), hospital-acquired sepsis (adjOR = 3.34 95%CI = 1.78–6.27 p < 0.001), increased lactate concentration (adjOR = 1.16 95%CI = 1.06–1.27 p = 0.001), remaining hypotensive after vasopressors (adjOR = 3.89 95%CI = 1.26–11.95 p = 0.02) and mottling (adjOR = 3.80 95%CI = 1.06–13.55 p = 0.04) increased 30-day mortality odds. Conversely, fever (adjOR = 0.46 95%CI = 0.28-0.75 p = 0.002), fluid refractory hypotension (adjOR = 0.29 95%CI = 0.10–0.87 p = 0.027) and being diagnosed in surgical wards (adjOR = 0.35 95%CI = 0.15–0.81 p = 0.015) were protective. Treatment timeliness were not significant factors.

Conclusion

Several important predictors of 30-day mortality were found by this research. Retrospective analysis of our sepsis data has revealed mortality predictors that appear to be more patient-related than intervention-specific. With this information, care can be improved for those identified most at risk of death.
Confronting Color-Blind STEM Talent Development: Toward a Contextual Model for Black Student STEM Identity
Authors: Collins Kristina Henry
Published: February 2018

What is Black student’s science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) identity? The author addresses this question through a synthesis of the literature that includes studies that explore Black student identity. Background information regarding STEM achievement and persistence followed by empirical studies that explore STEM attitudes among Black students at various educational levels are examined to determine a definition for STEM identity. The findings revealed a void in the research that emphasizes Black students’ academic strengths and positive role of cultural values as approaches to learning. Two models, Whiting’s Black Male Scholar Identity and Ford’s Female Achievement Model for Excellence (F2AME), are highlighted as particularly promising models to inform Black students’ STEM identity. The author introduces key factors of Black student STEM identity as a framework and calls for action to redress the racial and gender inequalities in current STEM talent development that contribute to underrepresentation throughout STEM pipeline.
Changing childhoods: Using queer theory and intersectional methods to reconsider the epistemic resources of children with gay and lesbian parents
Authors: Lo Rachel Skrlac
Published: February 2018

This article explores contemporary childhoods through a lens of epistemic privileges and injustices in order to consider the experiences of children whose family models may not reflect the heterosexual norm. More than 14 million children in the United States have one or more gay parents. As the legal definition of marriage in the United States now recognizes same-sex partnerships, it is likely that this official number will increase. The experiences of children with gay and lesbian parents are often overlooked due to public sentiment toward gay partnerships and parenting, but the changing legal status of gay marriage around the world may indicate a shift in sentiment toward these family structures. For childhood studies researchers, this shift will provide opportunities to conduct studies with children whose voices largely were silenced or omitted from past and current scholarship. Particularly, young children with gay parents are in a unique position to describe the world since they must navigate between their homonormative private worlds and the heteronormative world of public institutions. Drawing on queer theory and incorporating the concept of intersectionality, I posit that applying Fricker’s concept of epistemic injustice to studies of childhood may reveal new ways to identify systemic and cultural biases including heteronormativity and adult–child power asymmetries. Examining issues of epistemic injustice through a queer lens and using intersectional methods may elucidate aspects of childhood culture that are misunderstood or absent from the scholarship.
Humor usage by sellers and sales performance: The roles of the exploration relationship phase and types of humor
Authors: Lunardo Renaud , Bompar Laurent , Saintives Camille
Published: February 2018

For sellers, the efficacy of humor to create trusty relationships and achieve performance with buyers remains unknown. Specifically, the question of if – and when – sellers should use humor still deserves examination. To answer this question, this research builds on the four phases that characterize long-term relationships (exploration, buildup, maturity, and decline) to argue that humor might be inefficient when used in the exploration phase. Two studies conducted among buyers ( n = 322) then reveal that although constructive humor has overall positive effects on the performance of the sellers through a mediating effect of trust, this effect is not observed during the exploration phase. The other type of humor – offensive humor – has a negative effect regardless of the phase in which it is used. Taken together, these results first indicate that sellers may gain from using humor only if the relationship with their buyers is not at the exploration phase since this particular phase is the only one when a negative effect of humor on trust and subsequent performance is observed. Furthermore, these results indicate that offensive should be avoided in all the relationship phases.
Mullerian duct cyst treated with template-guided transperineal aspiration: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Yogeswaran Carnjini , Srinivasan Vaikuntam , Ekwueme Kingsley C
Published: February 2018

Template-guided transperineal aspiration is a minimally invasive treatment option for patients with Mullerian duct cysts. The precise targeting provided by the brachytherapy template grid enables specific targeting, quick recovery and resolution of symptoms without complications.
Extranodal non-B, non-T-cell lymphoma with bilateral tympanic bulla involvement in a cat
Authors: Kerns Austin T , Brakel Kelsey A , Premanandan Christopher , Saffire Ashlie , Moore Sarah A
Published: February 2018

Case summary

A 9-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat with clinical signs suggestive of chronic recurrent otitis media and recent seizures was presented with multifocal nervous system disease, including bilateral central and/or peripheral vestibular, cerebellar and forebrain deficits. Prior to presentation, there was inadequate improvement after 6 weeks of treatment for bilateral middle ear effusion from which a highly susceptible Staphylococcus species was cultured. This was followed by the development of seizures. Results of a complete blood count and serum chemistry were unremarkable, and a previous feline leukemia virus/feline immunodeficiency virus ELISA was negative. The cat was hospitalized overnight and had multiple seizures. The following morning the cat’s mentation worsened, and the cat lost ventilatory drive after induction for anesthesia in preparation for MRI. A brain herniation event was suspected, and the cat was euthanized prior to further diagnostics. On post-mortem examination both tympanic bullae were filled with a soft, tan-colored material. Histologically, this material was composed of neoplastic lymphocytes. In addition, neoplastic lymphocytes were found in the leptomeninges, brain parenchyma, submandibular lymph nodes and pancreas. The neoplastic lymphocytes were negative for both B- and T-lymphocyte immunohistochemical markers and PCR for antigen receptor rearrangements failed to amplify target DNA, indicating non-B, non-T-cell lymphoma.

Relevance and novel information

To our knowledge, this is the first report of lymphoma with confirmed bilateral tympanic bulla involvement in the human and veterinary literature. Neoplasia should be considered in cases of middle-ear effusion that do not improve adequately with appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
Functional outcome of open surgical A1 pulley release in diabetic and nondiabetic patients
Authors: Ashour A , Alfattni A , Hamdi A
Published: February 2018

Purpose:

Trigger finger, also referred to as stenotic flexor tenosynovitis, is a common condition affecting the digits, with a lifetime incidence of 2.6% among the healthy population and up to 16.5% in diabetic patients. Diabetes mellitus is associated with multiple musculoskeletal conditions including trigger finger. In this study, we aimed to compare the functional outcome of trigger finger release in diabetic and nondiabetic patients to evaluate whether the management of trigger finger in diabetic patients should be the same as that in nondiabetic patients, or whether diabetic patients would benefit from a more tailored management plan to optimize results.

Methods:

A retrospective case–control study was performed at a single center among patients who underwent A1 pulley release from January 2013 to February 2017. Patients were diagnosed with trigger finger grades I to IV according to the Quinnell classification and assessed using the The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire (Arabic version).

Results:

Sixty-nine patients, including 21 male (30.4%) and 48 female (69.6%), underwent A1 pulley release surgery. More than half of the participants included in this study were diabetic (n = 40, 58%) and 29 were nondiabetic (42%). The mean postoperative QuickDASH scores were 19.93 among diabetic patients and 17.15 among nondiabetic patients. There was no significant difference in the functional outcome between diabetic and nondiabetic ( p = 0.6) patients.

Conclusions:

The postoperative functional outcomes are similar in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Therefore, the management of trigger finger should be the same in both groups.
Change But no Climate Change: Discourses of Climate Change in Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting in the Oil Industry
Authors: Jaworska Sylvia
Published: February 2018

Using corpus-linguistic tools and methods, this article investigates the discourses of climate change in corporate social responsibility and environmental reports produced by major oil companies from 2000 to 2013. It focuses on the frequency of key references to climatic changes and examines in detail discourses surrounding the most frequently used term “climate change.” The analysis points to shifting patterns in the ways in which climate change has been discursively constructed in the studied sample. Whereas in the mid-2000s, it was seen as a phenomenon that something could be done about; in recent years, the corporate discourse has increasingly emphasized the notion of risk portraying climate change as an unpredictable agent. A proactive stance signaled by the use of force metaphors is offset by a distancing strategy often indicated through the use of hedging devices and “relocation” of climate change to the future and other stakeholders. In doing so, the discourse obscures the sector’s large contribution to environmental degradation and “grooms” the public perception to believe that the industry actively engages in climate change mitigation. At the methodological level, this study shows how a combination of quantitative corpus-linguistic and qualitative discourse-analytical techniques can offer insights into the existence of salient discursive patterns and contribute to a better understanding of the role of language in performing ideological work in corporate communications.
Effects of Binaural Spatialization in Wireless Microphone Systems for Hearing Aids on Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Listeners
Authors: Courtois Gilles , Lissek Hervé , Estoppey Philippe , Oesch Yves , Gigandet Xavier
Published: February 2018

Little is known about the perception of artificial spatial hearing by hearing-impaired subjects. The purpose of this study was to investigate how listeners with hearing disorders perceived the effect of a spatialization feature designed for wireless microphone systems. Forty listeners took part in the experiments. They were arranged in four groups: normal-hearing, moderate, severe, and profound hearing loss. Their performance in terms of speech understanding and speaker localization was assessed with diotic and binaural stimuli. The results of the speech intelligibility experiment revealed that the subjects presenting a moderate or severe hearing impairment better understood speech with the spatialization feature. Thus, it was demonstrated that the conventional diotic binaural summation operated by current wireless systems can be transformed to reproduce the spatial cues required to localize the speaker, without any loss of intelligibility. The speaker localization experiment showed that a majority of the hearing-impaired listeners had similar performance with natural and artificial spatial hearing, contrary to the normal-hearing listeners. This suggests that certain subjects with hearing impairment preserve their localization abilities with approximated generic head-related transfer functions in the frontal horizontal plane.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Hollow Al2O3 Microfibers for Thermal Insulation Materials
Authors: Yamashita Hiroki , Ogami Takaaki , Kanamura Kiyoshi
Published: February 2018

Hollow Al2O3 microfibers were successfully synthesized via a novel hydrothermal method using cotton fiber as a template followed by annealing. The hollow Al2O3 microfibers annealed at 1200 °C for 5 h contained no impurity phases, and the Al2O3 composing the microfibers was confirmed to exhibit the trigonal unit cell of α-Al2O3 with R$\bar{3}$c space-group symmetry. The synthesized hollow Al2O3 microfibers were 5–15 µm in diameter, with walls 500–800 nm thick; the walls were composed of Al2O3 primary particles 100–200 nm in diameter. The specific heat capacity of the synthesized hollow Al2O3 microfibers was approximately the same as that reported in the literature for α-Al2O3. In addition, the annealing temperature of the hollow Al2O3 microfibers was studied to elucidate their mechanism of formation. The chemical and physical properties of the synthesized hollow Al2O3 microfibers indicate that they can be used as a thermal insulation material.
The immunology of Zika Virus
Authors: Culshaw Abigail , Mongkolsapaya Juthathip , Screaton Gavin
Published: February 2018

Zika virus (ZIKV) was initially thought to cause only mild, self-limiting symptoms. However, recent outbreaks have been associated with the autoimmune disease Guillain-Barré syndrome and causally linked to a congenital malformation known as microcephaly. This has led to an urgent need for a safe and effective vaccine. A comprehensive understanding of the immunology of ZIKV infection is required to aid in the design of such a vaccine. Whilst details of both innate and adaptive immune responses to ZIKV are emerging, further research is needed. As immunopathogenesis has been implicated in poor outcomes following infection with the related dengue virus, identification of cross-reactive immune responses between flaviviruses and the impact they may have on disease progression is also of high importance.
Update on regulation and effector functions of Th17 cells
Authors: Sandquist Ivy , Kolls Jay
Published: February 2018

T-helper cells that produce IL-17 are recognized as a significant subset within cell-mediated adaptive immunity. These cells are implicated in both the pathology of inflammatory disorders as well as the clearance of extracellular infections and the maintenance of the microbiota. However, the dynamic nature of this cell type has created controversy in understanding Th17 induction as well as Th17 phenotyping, since these cells may switch from Th17 to Treg or Th17 to Th1 cytokine profiles under certain conditions. This review highlights recent advances in Th17 cells in understanding their role in commensal regulation, sex difference in immune outcomes and the immunology of pregnancy, as well as inventive experimental models that have allowed for an increased understanding of Th17 regulation and induction.
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ ПЕДАГОГОВ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ СТЕПЕНИ ПРИОБЩЕНИЯ К ПРОФЕССИИ
Authors: Revunova Irina Valerievna , Gavrilova Irina Vitalievna
Published: February 2018

Цель. В статье представлены результаты исследования, направленного на выявление особенностей профессиональной идентичности педагогов в зависимости от степени приобщения к профессии.Метод и методология проведения работы. В работе были использованы следующие методы и методики: анкетирование; Опросник Т. Лири, адаптированный А.А. Реан; Опросник «Кто Я?» М. Кун, Т. Мак-Партланд; Методика изучения статусов профессиональной идентичности А.А. Азбель, А.Г. Грецов.Результаты. По итогам проделанной работы выявлены особенности профессиональной идентичности педагогов в зависимости от степени приобщения к профессии.Область применения результатов. Результаты проведенной работы могут быть использованы для организации профессиональной переподготовки педагогов, их аттестации; при разработке тренингов профессиональной идентичности педагогов.
ОЦЕНКА НЕРВНО-ПСИХИЧЕСКОГО НАПРЯЖЕНИЯ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНО ОДАРЕННЫХ УЧАЩИХСЯ КГАОУ «ШКОЛА КОСМОНАВТИКИ»
Authors: Finogenova Olga Nikolaevna , Shoshina Evgeniya Victorovna
Published: February 2018

В контексте задач экологии образования одаренных проведена оценка нервно-психического напряжения учащихся Красноярской краевой школы-интерната по работе с одарёнными детьми «Школа космонавтики». Результаты свидетельствуют о благополучной в целом ситуации эмоционального состояния учащихся, при снижении их социально-психологического самочувствия – самооценки, настроения. У некоторых учащихся проявляются симптомы психосоматических нарушений. Интерпретация результатов оценки послужила основанием для постановки более точных исследовательских задач по изучению связей эмоционального состояния одаренных и факторов среды образовательного учреждения.