bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reason and Its Living Horizons in Edmund Husserl’s Phenomenology
Authors: Walton Roberto J.
Published: February 2021

Husserl rejects the contrast between human life as an irrational factum and reason as an objectifying force that is hostile to life. Hence he moves away from the incompatibility between philosophy as science and philosophy of life. This paper has two purposes. First, it attempts to analyze the sequence of living horizons of reason, i.e., to lay out a progressive bringing-into-play that begins in a primal history linked to instinct, goes through history proper with its manners of practical reason, and reaches its culmination in a second historicity with a teleological development. In his last dated manuscript, Husserl speaks of “the upright, fair reason of the natural, sound human understanding” that plays a role before “the scientific, philosophical reason” (Hua XXIX, 386). Secondly, against this background, phenomenology of reason is considered as a view that is grounded in passive fulfillments, traces theory back to life, and emphasizes the interpenetration of the various manifestations of reason. It is argued that the relationship between intention and fulfillment pervades the movement from latent to manifest reason, renders possible different modes of rational legitimation, and shows distinctive traits in each mode. With regard to the vitality of Husserlian reason, a brief epilogue for the Spanish speaking world deals with some of J. Ortega y Gasset’s views on the issue.Husserl rechaza la contraposición entre la vida humana como un factum irracional y la razón como una fuerza objetivante hostil a la vida. Por eso se aparta de la incompatibilidad entre la filosofía como ciencia y la filosofía de la vida. Este trabajo tiene dos propósitos. Prime-ro, intenta analizar la secuencia de horizontes vitales de la razón, es decir, desplegar una progresiva puesta-en-juego que se inicia en la protohistoria ligada al instinto, pasa a través de la historia en sentido propio con sus modalida-des de razón práctica, y culmina en una segun-da historicidad con un desarrollo teleológico. En su último manuscrito fechado, Husserl habla de “la proba y honrosa razón del entendimiento humano natural” que desempeña un papel con anterioridad a “la razón científica, la filosófica” (Hua XXIX, 386). En segundo lugar, frente a este trasfondo, se examina la fenomenología de la razón como una visión que se funda en cum-plimientos pasivos, refiere la teoría a la vida, y pone énfasis en la compenetración de las varia-das manifestaciones de la razón. Se sostiene que la relación entre intención y cumplimiento atraviesa el movimiento desde la razón latente a la razón patente, hace posible diversos modos de legitimación racional, y muestra rasgos distintivos en cada uno de los modos. Respecto de la vitalidad de la razón husserliana, un breve epílogo para hispanoparlantes considera algu-nos puntos de vista de J. Ortega y Gasset sobre la cuestión.
Key practices in cyber supply chain risk management :
Authors: Boyens Jon M , Paulsen Celia , Bartol Nadya , Winkler Kris , Gimbi James
Published: February 2021

In today's highly connected, inter-dependent world, all organizations rely on others for critical products and services. However, the reality of globalization, while providing many benefits, has resulted in a world where organizations no longer fully control -- and often do not have full visibility into -- the supply ecosystems of the products that they make or the services that they deliver. With more and more businesses becoming digital, producing digital products and services, and moving their workloads to the cloud, the impact of a cybersecurity event today is greater than ever before and could include personal data loss, significant financial losses, compromise of product integrity or safety, and even loss of life. Organizations can no longer protect themselves by simply securing their own infrastructures since their electronic perimeter is no longer meaningful; threat actors intentionally target the suppliers of more cyber-mature organizations to take advantage of the weakest link. That is why identifying, assessing, and mitigating cyber supply chain risks is a critical capability to ensure business resilience. The multidisciplinary approach to managing these types of risks is called Cyber Supply Chain Risk Management (C-SCRM). This document provides the ever- increasing community of digital businesses a set of Key Practices that any organization can use to manage cybersecurity risks associated with their supply chains. The Key Practices presented in this document can be used to implement a robust C-SCRM function at an organization of any size, scope, and complexity. These practices combine the information contained in existing C-SCRM government and industry resources with the information gathered during the 2015 and 2019 NIST research initiatives.
Calisto, Leriano, Oliveros: tres dolientes y un mismo grabado
Authors: Fernández Rivera Enrique
Published: February 2021

La mitad derecha del grabado que ilustra el acto trece de La Celestina de Burgos (1499) presenta a Calisto en la cama con la cabeza apoyada en la mano, imagen que está copiada del grabado de Leriano enfermo de amor de la edición de Cárcel de amor de Zaragoza (1493). A su vez, este grabado de Cárcel de amor está basado en otro de la obra francesa L’histoire d’Olivier de Castille (Basilea, 1493) que representa a Olivier enfermo de amor por la princesa Hélène. En la traducción al español, publicada también en Burgos en1499, Oliveros enfermo de amor aparece, curiosamente, vestido como Leriano en Cárcel de amor. Desde el punto de vista de la recepción de La Celestina en sus primeros años, la ascendencia de este grabado de un Calisto pensativo en la cama conecta la obra directamente con la novela sentimental y los libros de caballerías.
Celestina: Documento bibliográfico (suplemento número 34)
Authors: Paolini Devid
Published: February 2021

N/A
«Cuando andan a pares los diez mandamientos» (Celestina, IX). Interpretación
Authors: Torregrosa Díaz José Antonio
Published: February 2021

El presente trabajo intenta establecer el sentido literal de la expresión «andar a pares los diez mandamientos», documentada únicamente en Celestina.
Historia crítica de la recepción de Celestina 1499-1822. Entrega IV
Authors: Snow Joseph T.
Published: February 2021

N/A
Francisco Delicado, La Lozana andaluza, ed. de Folke Gernert y Jacques Joset, Madrid, Biblioteca Clásica RAE, 2013
Authors: François Jéromine
Published: February 2021

N/A
«La media noche es pasada, / y no viene»: avatares de una canción, entre La Celestina y Alejo Carpentier
Authors: Pedrosa José Manuel
Published: February 2021

En el auto XIX de La Celestina canta Melibea dos breves canciones que han pervivido en la tradición oral panhispánica durante cinco siglos. El artículo analiza los orígenes y la evolución de ambas canciones, desde el punto de vista de la métrica, las fórmulas, el tema y el estilo.
La Celestina, el humanismo vernáculo y la invención literaria
Authors: Gastañaga Ponce de León José Luis
Published: February 2021

Si la Celestina fue concebida en Salamanca a fines del siglo XV, las ideas humanistas que circulaban en ese medio debieron tener un impacto en esa concepción. En este ensayo se pone énfasis en algunas ideas contenidas en la obra —en particular las expuestas en la carta prólogo— y en las correspondencias que hallamos entre ellas y los postulados de autores castellanos representativos de la época, como Juan de Lucena (1431-1504) y Antonio de Nebrija (1441-1522). Las ideas sobre el valor didáctico de la ficción y la importancia del desarrollo de una tradición literaria en lengua vernácula son congruentes con los postulados del humanismo vernáculo que se manifestó en la Castilla de le época en traducciones, intercambios epistolares y en la difusión de la filosofía moral.
Casa, torre, árbol, muro: hacia una morfología del escenario urbano en las ediciones antiguas de Celestina
Authors: Álvarez Moreno Raúl
Published: February 2021

Este artículo propone un examen morfológico de los escenarios urbanos y arquitectónicos en los grabados de las primeras ediciones españolas de Celestina (Burgos 1499, Sevilla 1502 / c. 1518, Valencia 1514), en contraste con los de la traducción alemana de Augsburgo (1520). Tras considerar posibles modelos alemanes, se amplía potencialmente la influencia a modelos no procedentes de ediciones teatrales. Asimismo, se exponen patrones urbanos que en términos formales las fuentes alemanas de los grabados españoles pudieron utilizar. Entre ellos estarían la escenografía visualizada desde los propios textos dramáticos, la pintura de la época, la tradición pictórica del manuscrito, la tradición gótica del dibujo arquitectónico y, especialmente, las vistas de ciudades de los difundidos libros de viajes y crónicas. Por distintos motivos, incluidos los artísticos, el estado evolutivo de estas fuentes y, por tanto, de las ediciones españolas, correspondería a una fórmula de representación espacial y arquitectónica pre-renacentista. Ello lo confirma el análisis contrastivo de sus componentes morfológicos con los de los grabados de Hans Weideitz de la edición alemana, ya en transición hacia un mundo post-Burgkmair y Durero.
Celestinas y majas en la obra de Goya, Alenza y Lucas Velázquez
Authors: Schmidt Rachel
Published: February 2021

Este artículo examina el desarrollo de dos  endencias iconográficas de las imágenes de la Celestina y la maja en el arte del  siglo XIX, ambas establecidas por Goya: la satírica, que a menudo se expresa en medios impresos y que muestra la prostitución como comercio entre seres humanos, conectándola a otros fenómenos sociales, como el matrimonio forzado y los pordioseros; y la sentimental o pintoresca, que a menudo usa el medio pictórico para visiones idealizadas o sensuales de la maja. Leonardo Alenza y Nieto (1807-1845) desarrolla la mirada crítica que Goya posa sobre la prostitución al incorporar figuras masculinas marginales en sus cuadros, retratando las relaciones entre las prostitutas, sus clientes, los pordioseros e incluso la prostitución masculina. Eugenio Lucas Velázquez (1817-1870) pintó durante un periodo en el que la prostitución estaba legalizada y bajo vigilancia médica al ejercerse en burdeles controlados por el estado. Este pintor se aleja de la tradición sentimental para presentar a las majas como víctimas de celestinas bestializadas o como meras figuras folclóricas atractivas.
La Celestina de Carolina Calema (Teatro del Arte)
Authors: Gastañaga Ponce de León José Luis
Published: February 2021

N/A
Mar y Mundo en el imaginario desiderativo de Melibea
Authors: Calderón de la Barca Fernández Víctor
Published: February 2021

La Celestina —Comedia y Tragicomedia— aparece mientras se suceden los viajes colombinos. La noticia del Descubrimiento no se limita a los centros de poder, también se pregona en las plazas de ciudades y pueblos. En este contexto se propone, yendo más allá del procedimiento retórico empleado, la hipótesis de que los sintagmas anfibológicos «rodear el mundo» y «pasar la mar» del parlamento de Melibea en el auto XVI puedan en su imaginario desiderativo referirse no al Mediterráneo, sino al Atlántico, y a una posible circunnavegación del globo terráqueo teóricamente demostrada, aunque aun no realizada. La lectura de la Celestina debe hacerse teniendo en cuenta el proyecto imperial de los Reyes Católicos y la reconceptualización de la imago mundi, a la que no podía ser ajeno un bachiller en Leyes de la universidad de Salamanca.
La cuestión peliaguda del tiempo en Celestina: propuesta de acotaciones escénicas
Authors: Snow Joseph T.
Published: February 2021

En una obra dialogada de veintiún actos, los personajes ocasionalmente aluden explícitamente al tiempo que pasa. No obstante, se puede deducir que hay un tiempo implícito que, sin estar anotado textualmente, transcurre también entre los eventos de la obra. En la Tragicomedia de Calisto y Melibea estos casos del tiempo que pasa «en off» se pueden reconstruir leyendo con detenimiento los diálogos de los distintos personajes. En una edición moderna, se podría agregar unas acotaciones que aclararían el tiempo que pasa y mejorar la experiencia del lector. Efectivamente, casi tres semanas de tiempo pasa en la obra, independiente del mes que los autores agregaron para extender los amores de los protagonistas titulares.
Modo supervivencia: sobre la despolitización del imaginario contemporáneo (utopía y distopía)
Authors: Sánchez Usanos David
Published: February 2021

Survival mode: on the depoliticization of the contemporary imaginary (utopia and dystopia)
 
Resumen: En este artículo analizamos el actual estatuto de la utopía y de la distopía a partir de los cambios en la experiencia y la sensibilidad acontecidos en la postmodernidad-globalización. Reflexionaremos sobre la forma en la que experimentamos el tiempo y el cambio histórico y acerca del modo en el que la realidad aparece representada en los productos culturales contemporáneos. En este sentido, nos fijaremos en lo que hemos denominado la “privatización de la utopía” a propósito del descrédito de la política y de los proyectos colectivos, y atenderemos tanto a la conciencia de un final que parece haberse instalado en nosotros desde hace tiempo como a sus posibles antecedentes.
Abstract: We will analyze the present role and concept of utopia and dystopia in connection with the changes in our experience and sensibility that have taken place under postmodernity-globalization. We will think about our time and historical change experience and about the way reality is represented in contemporary cultural products. We will pay attention to what we call “the privatization of utopia” regarding the discredit of the political and collective projects and we will also consider the consciousness of an ending (and their possible antecedents) that seems to be settled in us for quite some time.
 
Palabras clave: utopía, distopía, Fredric Jameson, Northrop Frye, George Orwell, Ricardo Piglia, privatización de la utopía, postmodernidad, globalización, experiencia del tiempo.
Keywords: utopia, dystopia, Fredric Jameson, Northrop Frye, George Orwell, Ricardo Piglia, privatization of utopia, postmodernity, globalization, time experience.
Utopías y ucronías. Una aproximación histórico-conceptural, editat per Juan de Dios Bares i Faustino Oncina
Authors: Llop i Forcada Guillem
Published: February 2021

RESSENYA / RESEÑA /REVIEW
Utopías y ucronías. Una aproximación histórico-conceptural, editat per Juan de Dios Bares i Faustino Oncina
The Poetic Machines of Monsignor Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz
Authors: Pérez Martínez Ricardo
Published: February 2021

Monsignor Juan Caramuel, doctor universalis, built ingenious and multifaceted poetic machines not only to automate literary creation but also to multiply it. He called such poetic machines Labyrinths, “metric schemes” or even Ideae. These machines are the compositions that close the Apollos and the Muses of Metametrica (1663), a rhetorical treatise dedicated to a homonymous science. To whose invention he attributes himself. In this article, we analyze the functioning of these poetic machines and their place in the history of baroque ideas.
From the Metafunctions of Language to the Hyperfunctions. The New Multimodal Reality of Hypertext
Authors: Celis Sánchez María Ángela
Published: February 2021

Every act of communication stems from the existence of two individuals, who, at least, establish a relationship to share a particular type of information. That relationship will result in a communication model that, with the advent of information and communication technology, has undergone a remarkable change, so that the message is no longer linear or sequential to become a set of multiple relationships which affect the sender, recipient and message. Among the many changes that occur in this new communication model, one of which relates to the sociolinguistic springs that run through the relationship between sender and receiver. In this essay, we try to explain how these relationships work from a theoretical point of view, so that we can speculate a sort of model applicable to each enunciation. To do this we will start from the theoretical assumptions proposed by M.A.K. Halliday who, by combining autonomous linguistic sources with sociolinguistics, offered a theory of language known as “systemic functional”, being supported by the study of language as a system and by the functions arising from its use or metafunctions of the language, namely ideational metafunction, interpersonal metafunction and textual metafunction. In the telematic space, with the peculiarities that define hypertextual communication, the metafunctions became different from that described for oral and written environments. All of them will be hyperfunctions or multifunctions precisely because of the multimodal essence (text, image and sound) that houses them. We intend to theoretically bring the distances produced from the jump from the analogue environment to the digital environment, to propose a kind of specific theory for this new communicative space.
Symptomatic Omphalomesentric Duct Anomalies in Children: Analysis from a Paediatric Surgery Department Catering Primarily to the Rural Population
Authors: Gupta Umesh Kumar , Rahman Rafey Abdul , Alim Muniba , Goel Prabudh , Singh Sanjeev Kumar , Aggarwal Roopak
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Omphalomesenteric Duct (OMD) anomalies are rare congenital disorders of primitive yolk sac. The spectrum of OMD anomalies has varied clinical presentations. Aim: To study the spectrum and management of symptomatic OMD anomalies in children at a rural tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study done at Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, a tertiary care centre located in rural part of Northern India. Medical records of all children less than 15 years of age who were diagnosed with symptomatic OMD anomalies and managed surgically between January 2016 to December 2019 (four years) were carefully analysed and data were recorded. The recorded parameters were age, sex, symptomatology, clinical presentation, intraoperative findings, surgical procedure performed, complications that developed during the early postoperative period, length of hospital stay and Histopathology Examination (HPE) of the specimens excised. The collected data were statistically analysed. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Records revealed that 40 children underwent surgeries for symptomatic OMD anomalies which constituted 6.21% of all surgeries (644) performed by the Department of Paediatric Surgery during January 2016 to December 2019 (four years). There were 29 males (72.5%) and 11 females (27.5%) (M:F=2.6:1). Out of 40 patients, 17 (42.5%) were infants and 23 (57.5%) were of post-infancy age. Mean age of cohort was 41.77 months. The three predominant clinical presentation in children were intestinal obstruction, acute abdomen and umbilical abnormalities. The commonest clinical presentation of the symptomatic OMD anomalies was umbilical abnormalities (50%). Clinical presentation of umbilical abnormality was significantly higher in infancy (p=0.0039*). The incidence of Meckel’s diverticulum was 50%. Wedge resection was the commonest surgical procedure performed (67.5%). On HPE, ectopic gastric mucosa was identified in 12 out of 40 patients (30%). Conclusion: Symptomatic OMD remnants have varied clinical presentation. Patients presenting with umbilical abnormalities are common in infancy. Presence of ectopic tissue is commoner in patients with symptomatic OMD remnants. Surgery is the treatment of choice.
Mathematical Dispositions of Graduating Students of the College of Engineering, University of Eastern Philippines (UEP)
Authors: Morado Lonel I. , Varela Benjamin D.
Published: February 2021

This study was conducted to determine the mathematical disposition of graduating engineering students of the UEP College of Engineering in the School Year 2016-2017. Specifically, the study assessed the profile of the graduating students in terms of their age, sex, average grade in calculus and academic performance in professional subjects; the mathematical disposition in terms of self-efficacy component; math as sensible component; and perseverance component; the relationship between the profile and mathematical disposition of students, and between the mathematical disposition and academic performance in professional subjects of the respondents.

The 132 graduating students taking up Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Engineering (BSAE), Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering (BSCE), Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering (BSEE), and Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering (BSME) who are officially enrolled in the second semester of the school year 2016-2017 were the respondents of this study.

The study found out that there were more graduating engineering students whose age is beyond 22 to 24 years old; more males; and have passing performance in calculus subjects.

Generally, the graduating engineering students for the school year 2016-2017 have good mathematical disposition, specifically described as more efficacious, sensible, and more persevering.

The students’ performance in calculus subjects was significantly related to mathematical disposition, while the age and sex of respondents have nothing to do with mathematical disposition.

Specifically, respondents’ age and sex did not affect the three components of mathematical disposition, while average grade in calculus subjects was found to have something to do with their sensibility and perseverance level in mathematics.

On the relationship between mathematical disposition components and the academic performance in professional subjects of graduating engineering students, it was found out that only the math as sensible component affected their performance in professional subjects.

The result of this study also revealed that these students who were more efficacious, more sensible and more persevering performed good in their professional subjects.
Complete Blood Count (CBC) Status among Hypertensive Subjects in Isiala Mbano, Imo State, South East, Nigeria
Authors: Elendu M. U. , Nwankwo A. A. , Egwurugwu J. N. , Ugwu P. I. , Ugwuezumba P. C. , Oraebosi M. I. , Ejiofor D. C. , Ekweogu C. N. , Ohamaeme M. C.
Published: February 2021

Aim: The Complete Blood Count (CBC) among hypertensive subjects in Isiala Mbano, Imo State, Nigeria West Africa were studied.

Methodology: The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (2017) current definition of hypertension was used to ascertain, diagnoses and assigned eighty (80)hypertensive subjects after three different consecutive blood pressure check into tests groups. Other blood pressure measures such as pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure were calculated appropriately. Venous blood samples were collected with 5mls syringe and immediately emptied into EDTA container for complete blood count analysis.

Results: The results showed increase in RBC count, HB, PCV and decrease in MCV among hypertensive subjects compared with normotensive subjects. It was statistically insignificant in all age groups. No changes were seen in MCHC and MCH. The results also, showed increase in PLTS count. The increase in PLTS count was statistically significant at P<0.05 and <0.001 among hypertensive age groups 36-65yrs and >66yrs respectively. Increase in PLTS count among 20-35yr age group was not significant. There were increase in WBC count among hypertensive subjects compared with normotensive subjects in all age groups. It was statistically significant at P<0.05 and <0.001 among hypertensive age groups 36-50yrs and >66yrs respectively. Neutrophil was increased in all age groups and was statistically significant at P<0.05 except 20-35yr age group. No changes were seen on lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils.

Conclusion: Haematological parameters investigated could predict possible cardiovascular abnormalities such as hypertension.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Flower Quality of French Marigold (Tagetes patula L.) cv. Pusa Arpita
Authors: Garge Vimal Chandra , Malik Sunil , Awasthi Manuj , Singh Sateesh Pratap , Chaudhary Mohit , Kumar Akash
Published: February 2021

The present investigation was carried out with the aim to find out the effect of integrated nutrient management on flower quality of French marigold (Tagetes patula L.) cv. Pusa Arpita at the Horticultural Research Centre, Department of Horticulture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, U. P., India, during the year 2019-2020. The study consisted of organic manures (FYM and Vermicompost), Bio-fertilizers (PSB and Azotobacter), and the recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer (RDF) (150:60:60 kg NPK/ha). The combined application of ½ RDF + ½ PSB+ ½ Vermicompost showed significant influence on quality parameters that include; maximum flowering duration (60.66 days), circumference of flower (22.51 cm), number of florets per flower (136.55), length of flower stalk (6.44 cm), and the vase life of flowers were enhanced by up to 7.47 days over the control that was recorded in the same treatment. The study concluded that there was a significant influence of the combined application of organic manure, bio-fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer on French marigold to enhance the flowering quality and their characters.
Effect of Dexamathasone in Surgical Extraction of Mandibular Impacted Third Molar
Authors: Shaikh Abdul Hayee , Channar Kashif Ali , Kumar Ajeet , Iqbal Naveed , Shakeel Junaid , Shahid Uzma , Shaikh Shumaila , Syed Nayel , Jabeen Aisha , Baig Mirza Tasawer , Qureshi Imran
Published: February 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the role of dexamethasone in mandibular third molar surgical extraction.

Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in Oral & Maxillofacial surgery department, Liaquat University of Medical & Health sciences Hyderabad / Jamshoro. 50 cases were included in this study by using simple random sampling technique. All patients were divided into two groups. Patients in Group-A were given dexamethasone (DM)8 mg intramuscularly (IM) before surgery and 4 mg 24 hours after surgery and Augmentin tablet 625mg Q12 hrs. and Brufen 400 mg Q8 hrs. and patients in group-B were given Augmentin 625 mg BD and Brufen 400 mg  TDS post operatively only. The facial swelling was checked before and after surgery.All information was collected and entered in a proforma.

Results: The study sample was consisted of 62% men and 38% women. Mean age was 26.9±6.64.The mean preoperative swelling was 109.20 ± 1.190 mm in control group and 109.44 ± 1.083 in DM group. After 48 hours of surgery, post extraction swelling increased in both group with mean swelling 114.28± 1.242 mm in control group and 114.64± 1.350 in DM group, after a week of surgery more swelling was reduced in DM group as compared to control group.

Conclusion: It is found that Dexamethasone group showed decrease in swelling as compared to control group.
Evaluation of Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Artabotrys zeylanicus Stem against Various Hepatotoxins Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Wister Rats
Authors: Suresh K. , Ahad Hindustan Abdul , Satyanarayana S. V.
Published: February 2021

The objective of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic stem extract of Artabotrys zeylanicus against paracetamol (PCT), Ethanol (ETN) and Isoniazid and Rifampicin (IR) induced hepatotoxicity in Albino wister rats.

Methodology: The material was dried in shade, they were powdered and extracted with ethanol. Preliminary Phytochemical tests were done. The hepatoprotective activity of the ethanol extract was assessed in Albino wister rats. PCT (3 g/kg), ETN (5 gm/kg) and IR (100 mg/kg) has enhanced the levels of various biochemical markers of hepatic damage like Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Trasaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), Alkaline phosphatise (ALP), bilirubin. Antioxidant levels were tested in all the Hepatotoxins treated and untreated groups.

Results: The various biochemical and Histopathological investigations done were Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Trasaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), Alkaline phosphatise (ALP), Bilirubin, antioxidant activity by 1,1-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), Nitro Blue Tetrazolium (NBT), Hyderogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid perioxidation, hyderoxil radical and nitric oxide. Treatment of ethanolic extract of stem of A. zeylanicus (100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weight) has brought back the altered levels of biochemical markers to the near normal levels in the dose dependent manner. Ethanolic extract of A. zeylanicus were observed to inhibit oxidant stress with the maximum value of 71% and 62% at the concentration of 100 µg/mL. The crude ethanolic extract of A. zeylanicus had a calculated IC50 value of 62.2 and 63.25 μg/mL, which is nearly similar to the calculated IC50 value of the known antioxidant, ascorbic acid, ie 65.3 μg/mL. While the rats treated with AZ extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) which were shown as reduction/absence of inflammatory cells, vascular congestion, cellular degeneration, necrosis and vacuoles. In contrast, the lower doses (100 mg/kg) of ethanolic extract of AZ stem shown low protection than at higher dose 400 mg/kg.

Conclusion: Our findings suggested that A. zeylanicus ethanol stem extract possessed a potent antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity.
Should Travellers have Priorities for COVID 19 Vaccine?
Authors: Alshahrani Najim Z. , Alshahrani Sultan M. , Fussi Nada , Alsheef Mohammed J.
Published: February 2021

The “Type of Article” of this paper is “Letter to the Editor”. This paper discuses about: “Should Travellers have Priorities for COVID 19 Vaccine?”. No formal abstract is available. Readers are requested to read the full article.
Identification of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Protein Inhibitor: In silico Screening and Molecular Docking Approach
Authors: Alshaghdali Khalid
Published: February 2021

In young children, immunocompromised individuals, and elderly people, the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the primary source of acute lower respiratory tract infection. Intervention with RSV-specific small-molecule antivirals may provide significant therapeutic potential. For virus entry, the RSV fusion protein (F) is crucial as it facilitates viral and hosts membrane fusion. To date, no approved vaccine or drug molecule is available to treat RSV. With this purpose, in the present study, virtual screening of a library of natural compounds against the active site of F protein was performed, followed by an in-depth molecular docking study of top-scored compounds. Selected hits ZINC8740013, ZINC4029781 and ZINC898642were found to strongly bind with RSV F protein relative to the other compounds as well as the control. The binding energy (BE) and inhibition constant for ‘ZINC8740013-RSV F’, ‘ZINC4029781-RSV F’, and ‘ZINC898642-RSVF’ complexes were found as ‘-7.8 kcal/mol and 63.27 µM’, ‘-7.7 kcal/mol and 19.04 µM’, and ‘-7.5 kcal/mol and 3.31 µM’, respectively. However, BE and inhibition constant of control (JNJ-53718678) with RSV F protein was found as -6.1 kcal/mol and 563.26 µM, respectively. Phe140 and Phe488 are the main interacting residues of RSV F protein with JNJ-53718678 and selected hit compounds. The finding of this study suggests that these hits can be utilized as the RSV Fprotein inhibitor to prevent the fusion of the viral envelope with the host cells. Further, bench work experiments are required to optimize these hit compounds as RSV Fprotein inhibitors.
IMPROVING ONLINE INSTRUCTION: A STUDY OF ONLINE COURSE DELIVERY METHODS
Authors: Casey Kevin , Shaw Erin , Whittingham Jeff , Gallavan Nancy
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate student perceptions of different online course delivery methods. In order to develop the experimental course delivery method, the researchers used universal design for learning (UDL) guidelines as a theoretical framework. Responses to pre- and postsurvey items provided data to examine whether an online course developed using UDL principles afforded a more positive learning experience. This study provides online student perceptions that indicate the online learning environment developed with the UDL framework is preferred by students.
Does the Ease of Starting a New Business Affect Country’s Financial Vulnerability? Evidence from Eight European Economies
Authors: Leviastuti Anggita
Published: February 2021

This paper investigates whether indicators on the ease of doing business explain variation of financial system vulnerability amongst eight biggest European economics between 1999 and 2014. Using mixed-effects estimation method for sectoral observations nested within countries, the results suggest that easy access to get credit is associated with increased financial vulnerability, as measured by decreased excess return in equity market. The significance of political stability, regulatory quality, and rule of law also marks the role of institutional environment towards vulnerability by facilitating the openness towards new business. Finally, a high degree of openness is not always good especially if they are combined with better institutional environment. This confirms the importance of the level of openness, as well as its channels, in determining the extent of vulnerability.
The Urban Car Body Design for “Energy Efficient Car Contest 2019” using Quality Function Deployment
Authors: Falah Fajrin Nurul , Adi Gilang Purnama , Saraswati Cindy , Prasetyo Hari , Djunaidi Muchamad , Fitriadi Ratnanto
Published: February 2021

The Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta team seeks to develop an urban-concept car to participate in the KMHE 2019. The KMHE (Energy Efficient Car Contest) is a competition for students to create safe, economical and environmentally friendly vehicles held by the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia. One of the most critical components of a car is the body. The body should be able to protect the driver, and its specifications affect the vehicle's performance. Thus, this research is performed to obtain a sound body design. In designing the body, a three-dimensional visual design modeling using Solidworks 2016 is performed. The specifications of the body are following the KMHE regulations. Afterwards, mass calculation and flow simulation are performed to evaluate the performance of the design. The results are the total body mass is 38.35 kg, and the airflow on the body surface is dominated by laminar flow.
Industrial Ventilation
Authors: Burton D. Jeff , Soule Robert D.
Published: February 2021

Because all occupied employee workspaces require ventilation, industrial ventilation (IV) is the most widely used engineering control method for emission and exposure control. As such it generally follows various IV codes, standards, and recognized guidelines. IV has the objectives of preventing fires and explosions, preserving employee and occupant health and safety, providing comfort and increasing productivity. This chapter focuses on the application, selection and use of local exhaust ventilation (LEV) systems and introduces dilution ventilation fundamentals.
Occupational Safety and Health Law
Authors: Howard John , Smith Steven
Published: February 2021

In 1970, Congress passed the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act), which established a national system for workplace safety and health standards development, standards enforcement, and consultative assistance under the administrative implementation of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in the U.S. Department of Labor. The OSH Act imposes duties on employers to comply with OSHA's safety and health standards under a system of civil and criminal sanctions and provides for a number of employee participation and antidiscrimination rights. This chapter provides an overview of the major statutory provisions of the OSH Act as they have been administratively implemented by OSHA and judicially interpreted by the courts. Special emphasis is given to OSHA's health standards and regulations used in the practice of industrial hygiene.
Circular RNA profiles and the potential involvement of down‐expression of hsa_circ_0001360 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinogenesis
Authors: Chen Pingjiao , Li Changxing , Huang Hongchang , Liang Liuping , Zhang Jing , Li Qian , Wang Qi , Zhang Sanquan , Zeng Kang , Zhang Xibao , Liang Jingyao
Published: February 2021

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) act as sponges of noncoding RNAs and have been implicated in many pathophysiological processes, including tumor development and progression. However, their roles in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are not yet well understood. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed circRNAs and their potential functions in cutaneous squamous cell carcinogenesis. The expression profiles of circRNAs in three paired cSCC and adjacent nontumorous tissues were detected with RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The candidate circRNAs were validated by PCR, Sanger sequencing and quantitative RT‐PCR in another five matched samples. The biological functions of circRNAs in SCL‐1 cells were assessed using circRNA silencing and overexpression, 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(3‐carboxymethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(4‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium inner salt (MTS), flow cytometry, transwell and colony formation assays. In addition, the circRNA–miRNA–mRNA interaction networks were predicted by bioinformatics. In summary, 1115 circRNAs, including 457 up‐regulated and 658 down‐regulated circRNAs (fold change ≥ 2 and P < 0.05), were differentially expressed in cSCC compared with adjacent nontumorous tissues. Of four selected circRNAs, two circRNAs (hsa_circ_0000932 and hsa_circ_0001360) were confirmed to be significantly decreased in cSCC using PCR, Sanger sequencing and quantitative RT‐PCR. Furthermore, hsa_circ_0001360 silencing was found to result in a significant increase of the proliferation, migration and invasion but a significant decrease of apoptosis in SCL‐1 cells in vitro, whereas hsa_circ_0001360 overexpression showed the opposite regulatory effects. hsa_circ_0001360 was predicted to interact with five miRNAs and their corresponding genes. In conclusion, circRNA dysregulation may play a critical role in carcinogenesis of cSCC, and hsa_circ_0001360 may have potential as a biomarker for cSCC.
Extremely Robust and Reliable Transparent Silver Nanowire‐Mesh Electrode with Multifunctional Optoelectronic Performance through Selective Laser Nanowelding for Flexible Smart Devices
Authors: Kim Seong Jun , Yoon Ho Gyu , Kim Sang Woo
Published: February 2021

As the demand for foldable or rollable smart electronic devices increases, the issue of damage caused by cyclic fatigue of the flexible transparent electrode (FTE) due to repeated bending stress at extremely low bending radius is emerging. Herein, it is demonstrated that a mesh electrode composed of silver nanowires (Ag NW–mesh) with multifunctional optoelectronic performance microfabricated without photomasking via selective laser nanowelding (SLNW) followed by soft‐etching of highly ductile Ag NWs on a flexible polymer film exhibits long‐term cycling stability at bending stresses of a 1 mm radius of curvature (ROC). In the optimal NW microgrid pattern design, the cycle fatigue resistance of NW–mesh electrodes considerably increases with increase in NW areal mass density (AMD) and decreasing microgrid spacing due to the improved weldability and networkability of NWs at a low laser energy density of 1 J cm−2. A diagonally gridded NW–mesh electrode with 30 μm line spacing exhibits extremely high reliability with little change in the performance of Joule heating and electromagnetic interference shielding under long‐term bending stresses of 300 000 cycles at 1 mm ROC. Being a simple process without photomasking, this method can easily use a multifunctional FTE with ultrahigh fatigue resistance and reliability suitable for highly flexible smart devices.
Electrical Spin Injection into the 2D Electron Gas in AlN/GaN Heterostructures with Ultrathin AlN Tunnel Barrier
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyue , Tang Ning , Yang Liuyun , Fang Chi , Wan Caihua , Liu Xingchen , Zhang Shixiong , Zhang Yunfan , Wang Xinqiang , Lu Yuan , Ge Weikun , Han Xiufeng , Shen Bo
Published: February 2021

The spin injection into 2D electron gas (2DEG) in AlN/GaN heterostructures is studied by magneto‐transport measurements. An ultrathin AlN layer at the hetero‐interface acts as a barrier to form high‐quality 2DEG in the triangular quantum well and a tunneling barrier for the spin injection to overcome the conductance mismatch issue. In this study, Hanle signals and inversed Hanle signals are observed, proving that the spin injection is achieved in the 2DEG in the AlN/GaN heterostructure rather than in the interfacial states. The spin‐relaxation time in 2DEG at 8 K is found to be as long as 860 ps, which almost keeps constant with bias and decreases with increasing temperature. The spin‐relaxation process is illustrated as Rashba spin‐orbit coupling dominated D'yakonov Perel’ mechanisms above 8 K. These results show the promising potential of 2DEG in AlN/GaN heterostructures for spin field‐effect transistor applications.
Light Amplification and Efficient Electroluminescence from a Solution‐Processable Diketopyrrolopyrrole Derivative via Triplet‐to‐Singlet Upconversion
Authors: Shukla Atul , McGregor Sarah K. M. , Wawrzinek Robert , Saggar Siddhartha , Moore Evan G. , Lo Shih‐Chun , Namdas Ebinazar B.
Published: February 2021

Over the years, achieving efficient electroluminescence (EL) while simultaneously having low light amplification thresholds under optical excitation has been the key to progression toward the long‐thought objective of electrically pumped organic lasers. While significant progress in this regard has been made for organic semiconductors emitting in the blue–green region of the visible spectrum, organic laser dyes with low‐energy emission (>600 nm) still suffer from high amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) thresholds and low external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) in devices. Herein, low ASE thresholds and efficient EL are reported from a solution‐processable organic laser dye dithiophenyl diketopyrrolopyrrole (DT‐DPP). The ASE threshold of 4 µJ cm−2 at the wavelength of 620 nm is obtained while making constructive use of triplet excitons by doping DT‐DPP in a green‐emitting host matrix, which exhibits thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). The organic light‐emitting diode fabricated from this system gives a high EQE of 7.9% due to the efficient utilization of triplet excitons. Transient EL studies further show that a high reverse intersystem crossing rate is crucial in achieving lasing under electrical pumping from such TADF‐assisted fluorescent systems.
Tailoring Materials for Modulation of Macrophage Fate
Authors: Li Jinhua , Jiang Xinquan , Li Hongjun , Gelinsky Michael , Gu Zhen
Published: February 2021

Human immune system acts as a pivotal role in the tissue homeostasis and disease progression. Immunomodulatory biomaterials that can manipulate innate immunity and adaptive immunity hold great promise for a broad range of prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. This review is focused on the design strategies and principles of immunomodulatory biomaterials from the standpoint of materials science to regulate macrophage fate, such as activation, polarization, adhesion, migration, proliferation, and secretion. It offers a comprehensive survey and discussion on the tunability of material designs regarding physical, chemical, biological, and dynamic cues for modulating macrophage immune response. The range of such tailorable cues encompasses surface properties, surface topography, materials mechanics, materials composition, and materials dynamics. The representative immunoengineering applications selected herein demonstrate how macrophage‐immunomodulating biomaterials are being exploited for cancer immunotherapy, infection immunotherapy, tissue regeneration, inflammation resolution, and vaccination. A perspective on the future research directions of immunoregulatory biomaterials is also provided.
Decolonising mental illness: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ Social and Emotional Wellbeing and the persistence of colonial discourses in policy
Authors: Coe Georgia
Published: February 2021

Rates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ suicide and the concerns over experiences of mental “ill” health are increasing. In recent years, this has caused contestation over approaches to “health” that seek to address this. Within this context, Social and Emotional Wellbeing, a holistic, decolonising approach to health, has ascended in Australian health policy. This paper applies a Foucauldian‐inspired discourse analysis, using his theoretical framework of power, knowledge and discourse, to four Australian policy documents associated with addressing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ Social and Emotional Wellbeing and “mental health”. Findings reveal aspects of the Social and Emotional Wellbeing discourse having presence in the policy documents. Its understanding, however, is constrained by a cultural and institutional context that privileges and perpetuates a biomedical lens. Additionally, there is a failure to address systemic neo‐colonialism even while acknowledging that health disparities stem from colonialism. As such, this paper argues that, although integration of Social and Emotional Wellbeing has commenced in these policy documents, the hegemony of colonial discourses persists. This is along with a lack of policy reference in these documents for coordinated activity across social institutions and structures to address holistic demands.
An optimized medial parapatellar approach to the goat medial femoral condyle
Authors: van Hugten Pieter P. W. , Jeuken Ralph M. , Roth Alex K. , Seeldrayers Saskia , Emans Peter J.
Published: February 2021

Goats or sheep are the preferred animal model for the preclinical evaluation of cartilage repair techniques due to the similarity of the goat stifle joint to the human knee. The medial femoral condyle of the stifle joint is the preferred site for the assessment of articular cartilage repair, as this is the primary location for this type of lesion in the human knee. Proper surgical exposure of the medial femoral condyle is paramount to obtain reproducible results without surgical error. When applying the standard human medial arthrotomy technique on the goat stifle joint, there are some key aspects to consider in order to prevent destabilization of the extensor apparatus and subsequent postoperative patellar dislocations with associated animal discomfort. This paper describes a modified surgical technique to approach the medial femoral condyle of the caprine stifle joint. The modified technique led to satisfactory exposure without postoperative incidence of patellar luxations and no long‐term adverse effects on the joint.
A General Strategy for the Construction of Calyciphylline A‐Type Alkaloids: Divergent Total Syntheses of (−)‐Daphenylline and (−)‐Himalensine A
Authors: Wang Bingyang , Xu Bo , Xun Wen , Guo Yiming , Zhang Jing , Qiu Fayang G.
Published: February 2021

An efficient general strategy for the synthesis of the Daphniphyllum alkaloids via the rapid construction of a common core intermediate has been established, based on which a divergent total synthesis of (−)‐daphenylline and (−)‐himalensine A has been accomplished in 16 and 19 steps, respectively. The present work features an enantioselective Mg(ClO4)2‐catalyzed intramolecular amidocyclization to construct the aza‐bridged core structure; a Cu‐catalyzed intramolecular cyclopropanation and subsequent phosphine‐catalyzed Cope‐type rearrangement to furnish the himalensine A scaffold; and a one‐pot Diels–Alder/aromatization method to assemble the aromatic skeleton of daphenylline.