bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ensemble of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Classification of Early Barrett's Neoplasia Using Volumetric Laser Endomicroscopy
Authors: Fonollà Roger , Scheeve Thom , Struyvenberg Maarten R. , Curvers Wouter L. , de Groof Albert J. , van der Sommen Fons , Schoon Erik J. , Bergman Jacques J.G.H.M. , de With Peter H.N.
Published: May 2019

Barrett's esopaghagus (BE) is a known precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Patients with BE undergo regular surveillance to early detect stages of EAC. Volumetric laser endomicroscopy (VLE) is a novel technology capable of imaging the inner tissue layers of the esophagus over a 6-cm length scan. However, interpretation of full VLE scans is still a challenge for human observers. In this work, we train an ensemble of deep convolutional neural networks to detect neoplasia in BE patients, using a dataset of images acquired with VLE in a multicenter study. We achieve values of AUC=$0.96$ on the unseen test dataset and we compare our results with previous work done with VLE analysis. Our method for detecting neoplasia in BE patients facilitates future advances on patient treatment and provides clinicians with new assisting solutions to process and better understand VLE data.
Energy and Exergy Analysis of Different Exhaust Waste Heat Recovery Systems for Natural Gas Engine Based on ORC
Authors: Valencia Guillermo , Fontalvo Armando , Cardenas Yulineth , Duarte Jorge , Isaza Cesar
Published: May 2019

One way to increase overall natural gas engine efficiency is to transform exhaust waste heat into useful energy by means of a bottoming cycle. Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is a promising technology to convert medium and low grade waste heat into mechanical power and electricity. This paper presents an energy and exergy analysis of three ORC-Waste heat recovery configurations by using an intermediate thermal oil circuit: Simple ORC (SORC), ORC with Recuperator (RORC) and ORC with Double Pressure (DORC), and Cyclohexane, Toluene and Acetone have been proposed as working fluids. An energy and exergy thermodynamic model is proposed to evaluate each configuration performance, while available exhaust thermal energy variation under different engine loads was determined through an experimentally validated mathematical model. Additionally, the effect of evaportating pressure on net power output , absolute thermal efficiency increase, absolute specific fuel consumption decrease, overall energy conversion efficiency, and component exergy destruction is also investigated. Results evidence an improvement in operational performance for heat recovery through RORC with Toluene at an evaporation pressure of 3.4 MPa, achieving 146.25 kW of net power output, 11.58% of overall conversion efficiency, 28.4% of ORC thermal efficiency, and an specific fuel consumption reduction of 7.67% at a 1482 rpm engine speed, a 120.2 L/min natural gas Flow, 1.784 lambda, and 1758.77 kW mechanical engine power.
A Survey of Behavioural Models for Social Robots
Authors: Nocentini Olivia , Fiorini Laura , Acerbi Giorgia , Sorrentino Alessandra , Mancioppi Gianmaria , Cavallo Filippo
Published: May 2019

The cooperation between humans and robots is becoming increasingly important in our society. Consequently, there is a growing interest in the development of models that can enhance the interaction between humans and robots. A key challenge in the Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) field is to provide robots with cognitive and affective capabilities, developing architectures that let them establish empathetic relationships with users. Several models have been proposed in recent years to solve this open-challenge. This work provides a survey of the most relevant attempts/works. In details, it offers an overview of the architectures present in literature focusing on three specific aspects of HRI: the development of adaptive behavioural models, the design of cognitive architectures, and the ability to establish empathy with the user. The research was conducted within two databases: Scopus and Web of Science. Accurate exclusion criteria were applied to screen the 1007 articles found (at the end 30 articles were selected). For each work, an evaluation of the model is made. Pros and cons of each work are detailed by analysing the aspects that can be improved so that an enjoyable interaction between robots and users can be established.
On the Entropy Production of the Constructal Plate Generating Heat
Authors: Ribeiro Patrick , Queiros-Condé Diogo
Published: May 2019

In this paper, the elemental construct of an I-shaped fin cooling a heat generating volume is studied through the entropy production perspective. Using the constructal design method framework with entropy production minimization as an objective leads to different optimal shape ratio, different from the ones obtained using the excess of temperature. Moreover, the optimal shape ratio evolution is not necessary the same for local entropy production minimization (excess of entropy production) and global entropy production (entropy produced in the whole area). Finally, an analysis on a possible dimensionless number is introduced for the study of constructal plates.
Epidemiological features and risk factors for acquiring Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and syphilis in HIV-infected patients in Shaanxi Province, northwest China
Authors: Zhang Chao , Chang Wenhui
Published: May 2019

Background

HIV-infected patients are at higher risk for co-infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Treponema pallidum (TP), the agent causing syphilis, than the general population. The prevalence of HBV, HCV, and syphilis had geographic differences and varied from region to region among HIV-infected patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological features and risk factors of HBV, HCV, and syphilis infection in HIV-infected individuals in Shaanxi Province, northwest China.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted with HIV-infected patients from June 2011 to June 2016 in Shaanxi Province. Sociodemographic data was captured from the national HIV/AIDS information system in China. Serological tests and analysis of CD4+ T-cell count levels were performed using standard procedures. Besides, the HIV infection time and age were presumed by CD4+ T-cell count levels.

Results

The average time from HIV infection to diagnosis was (4.7±2.4) years, and the HIV infection time ≥3 years accounted for 66.8%. Of the discovery routes, voluntary counseling & testing (VCT) only accounted for 20.7%. Among 1018 HIV-infected patients, the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and syphilis was 11.0%, 11.1%, and 26.0%, respectively. HBV-HCV, HCV-syphilis, HBV-syphilis, and HBV-HCV-syphilis co-infection was 1.7%, 2.2%, 2.6%, and 0.1%, respectively. The rate of ineffective vaccination against HBV was as high as 30.2% in HIV-infected patients. Ethnicity (OR=29.257, 95%CI: 11.243-76.133) and HIV transmission routes (OR=149.368, 95%CI: 16.590-1 344.861) were the risk factors of HCV infection in HIV-infected patients. In the HIV-infected patients with the antibody of Treponema pallidum, the rate of homosexual transmission was so higher but heterosexual transmission is lower (OR=0.548 95% CI: 0.382-0.786), suggesting that homosexual transmission might be a risk factor for HIV-syphilis co-infection.

Conclusion

The HIV-infected patients in Shaanxi Province had the characteristics of low active detection rate and late diagnosis. In addition, a high prevalence of HBV, HCV, and syphilis co-infection could be observed, and like HIV infection, they might not understand their HBV, HCV and syphilis infection status. At last, the high rate of ineffective vaccination against HBV suggests a need for improved vaccination services.
Cross-resistance of the pathogenic fungus Alternaria alternata to fungicides with unrelated modes of action
Authors: Yang Li-Na , He Meng-Han , Ouyang Hai-Bing , Zhu Wen , Pan Zhe-Chao , Sui Qi-Jun , Shang Li-Ping , Zhan Jiasui
Published: May 2019

Background

Cross-resistance, a phenomenon that a pathogen resists to one antimicrobial compound also resists to one or several other compounds, is one of major threats to human health and sustainable food production. It usually occurs among antimicrobial compounds sharing the mode of action. In this study, we determined the sensitivity profiles of Alternaria alternata, a fungal pathogen which can cause diseases in many crops to two fungicides (mancozeb and difenoconazole) with unrelated mode of action using a large number of isolates (234) collected from seven potato fields across China.

Results

We found that pathogens could also develop cross resistance to fungicides with different modes of action as indicated by a strong positive correlation between mancozeb and difenoconazole tolerances to A. alternata. We also found a positive association between mancozeb tolerance and aggressiveness of A. alternata, suggesting no fitness penalty of developing mancozeb resistance in the pathogen and hypothesize that mechanisms such as antimicrobial compound efflux and detoxification that limit intercellular accumulation of natural/synthetic chemicals in pathogens might account for the cross-resistance and the positive association between pathogen aggressiveness and mancozeb tolerance.

Conclusions

The detection of cross-resistance among different classes of fungicides suggests that the mode of action alone may not be an adequate sole criterion to determine what components to use in the mixture and/or rotation of fungicides in agricultural and medical sects. Similarly, the occurrence of a positive association between the pathogen’s aggressiveness and tolerance to mancozeb suggests that one unforeseen consequence of intensive application of site non-specific fungicides might be selection for enhanced aggressiveness in pathogen populations, thereby posing a greater threat to agricultural production and human health. In this case, the use of evolutionary principles in closely monitoring populations and the use of appropriate fungicide applications are important for effective use of the fungicides and durable infectious disease management.
United territorial communities in Ukraine in the context of fiscal decentralization
Authors: Korbutiak Alina , Lysenko Zhanna , Sokrovolska Nataliya , Oleksyn Artur , Yurii Eduard
Published: May 2019

Since the beginning of the administrative and territorial reform in Ukraine, the financial decentralization process has been intensified. It aims at optimizing the budgetary resource redistribution in order to make communities financially independent. This significantly increases the financial capacity for self-organization and self-development of a united territorial community, which determines the need to apply valuation methods to increase the territory’s investment attractiveness.The article outlines the peculiarities of the united territorial communities (UTCs) management under fiscal decentralization, taking into account the need to apply current methods of value-oriented management. At the same time, the use of SWOT analysis as one of the methods of value-oriented management made it possible to evaluate the efficiency and attractiveness of UTCs under decentralization. The financial activity of 665 UTCs was analyzed and the model for managing the united territorial community was created. It is emphasized that the modern understanding of financial support for united territorial communities remains unresolved today, and the expediency to introduce changes in the UTC, which envisage using the subsidiarity principles, is not justified.The key directions for managing the UTCs are identified. This refers to communities that began their activities and already faced the first challenges: management of available resources, provision of needs and sustainable development of the community, changes in the ratio of their income and expenditure components, increase in the budget income per capita.It is recommended to focus on tools of value-oriented management in the united territorial communities in order to attract investors and increase the financial capacity of local authorities.
Dispersão e concentração espaciais dos cursos de Relações Internacionais no Brasil
Authors: Pfrimer Matheus Hoffmann , Okado Giovanni Hideki Chinaglia
Published: May 2019

O crescimento acelerado dos cursos de Relações Internacionais (RI) no Brasil revelacontrastes e desafios. Esse processo de expansão pode ser periodizado em cinco momentos:protoperíodo, expansionismo privado, transição privado-pública, expansionismo público eperíodo de reconcentração geográfica. O penúltimo deles foi caracterizado pelo fomento públicode novos cursos de RI a partir do Programa de Apoio a Planos de Reestruturação e Expansãodas Universidades Federais (Reuni) em 2007. Nesse período, cria-se vários cursos de RI emuniversidades federais. Contudo, a aprovação da Emenda Constitucional n. 95 em 2016, queestabeleceu o contingenciamento de gastos públicos, parece marcar o fim desse período.Este artigo investiga a dispersão e a concentração espacial decorrente desse crescimento,demonstrando, por meio da análise espacial e quantitativa, a herança deixada pelo Reunipara a universalização do ensino de RI. Para tanto, utilizou-se dados secundários sobre os cursos de RI disponibilizados no Portal do Ministério da Educação e Cultura (E-MEC).A análise revela que a expansão de cursos de RI caracteriza-se pela concentração espacial, emque a lógica da universalização do ensino é suplantada pela exclusão espacial, originando umperíodo de reconcentração geográfica. Essa herança indica a estagnação do número de cursos.
Effects Of Hormonal Supplements In Women with Poor Ovarian Response Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technology
Authors: Bozan Silan Melis , Bozdag Gurkan
Published: May 2019

Poor ovarian response remains one of the major challenges of assisted reproductive technology. Over the years, various interventions have been proposed to improve reproductive outcomes in poor responders, yet few have been shown to be beneficial. Recent studies indicate that hormonal pretreatments might increase clinical pregnancy rate, live birth rate and the number of oocytes retrieved in women with poor ovarian response undergoing assisted reproductive technology. Areas covered: Following extensive research of the up to date literature, this review aims to cover current considerations and controversies regarding the use of hormonal supplements such as dehydroepiandrosterone, transdermal testosterone and growth hormone. Expert opinion: There is limited data for the validity of using growth hormone and androgens or androgen modulating agents during assisted reproductive technology cycles in women suffering from poor ovarian response. However, there is a need to support the available data with further randomized controlled trials seeking for live birth rate as the primary outcome.
Influence of morning versus midnight initiation of induction of labour in late-term pregnancy on perinatal outcome and time of birth
Authors: Bursać Danijel , Vince Katja , Matijević Ratko
Published: May 2019

Objective. The aim of this study was to assess and compare morning vs. midnight initiation of induction of labor (IOL) on time of birth and perinatal outcome.Study Design. A retrospective study performed at University Hospital Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia; in period between 2006 to 2017. The participants were low-risk nulliparous women with gestational age over 41 weeks who had labor induced by a prostaglandin E2 analogue dinoprostone applied intracervically. Two groups were compared; the first one had IOL initiated in the morning and the second one at midnight.Results. A total of 206 pregnant women were included in the study. Women with IOL starting at midnight (n=103) gave birth more often during daytime (7am-6.59pm) compared to women with IOL starting in the morning (n=103) (p<0.01). The midnight group also gave birth more often during regular hospital working hours (7.30am-3.30pm), but this result was not statistically significant (p=0.091). The rate of epidural analgesia was higher among women in the midnight group, while no other differences were observed in predefined perinatal outcome between the two groups.Conclusions. Initiation of IOL at midnight compared to morning results in giving birth more often during daytime. This presents a favourable option for reducing out of hours and night work.
Statistical performance analysis of transient-based extended blockage detection in a water supply pipeline
Authors: Keramat Alireza , Zanganeh Roohollah
Published: May 2019

The aim of the present research is to quantify the maximum feasible accuracy (location and size) for the transient-based blockage detection in a water supply pipeline. Owing to the randomness of transient measurements, a performance bound for the extended blockage detection exists which estimated parameters cannot exceed. The Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB) theorem is utilized to compute the lower bound variance of noise-induced estimation errors. It gives the minimum mean square error of any estimator according to information obtained from measurements and quantified by Fisher information. The Fisher information matrix is computed using direct differentiation of the compatibility equations obtained by the method of characteristics. The influence of relevant physical parameters including valve closure time, measurement time length and noise level on the best possible localization of blockage is investigated. The connection between the signal bandwidth, noise level and the performance limit is quantified for a typical case study. The results demonstrate trade-off between the size and the location/length of blockage estimates subject to different maneuver times, roughly offering half the wave speed times maneuver duration as the resolution limit.
Effect of cell structure and heat pretreating of the microorganisms on performance of a microbial fuel cell
Authors: Kadivarian Milad , Dadkhah Ali A. , Esfahany Mohsen Nasr
Published: May 2019

While microbial fuel cells are being considered as a tool for energy saving in wastewater treatment facilities, such applications in oil refineries pose a challenge due to harder acclimation of microorganisms. In this research, the effect of heat pretreating mixed culture microorganisms (MCM), and cell cross section, on the performance of a novel cell design with two cross sections (single chamber microbial fuel cells, with circular: SCMFC_CC and rectangular: SCMFC_RC cross section) fed batched with refinery wastewater were investigated. First, using original and heat pretreated MCM, the performance of SCMFC_CC in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and electricity production was investigated. Then, using only the heat pretreated MCM, the electricity production of SCMFC_RC was measured and compared with that of SCMFC_CC. Heat pretreatment of MCM improved maximum open circuit voltage (OCV) and maximum power density generated by 14% and 16%, respectively. However, heat pretreatment reduced COD removal by about 4%. The performance of SCMFC_CC in terms of maximum OCV and power density compared to SCMFC_RC was improved by 41% and 279%, respectively. Heat treatment of MCM increases the electricity generation of the cell, while reducing the performance of COD reduction due to decreasing the microorganism varieties in the MCM.
Recent Advances in the Use of Algal Polysaccharides for Skin Wound Healing
Authors: Kumar Suneel , Marrero-Berrios Ileana , Kabat Maciej , Berthiaume Francois
Published: May 2019

Background:

Chronic skin wounds and pressure ulcers represent major health care problems in diabetic individuals, as well as patients who suffered a spinal cord injury. Current treatment methods are only partially effective and such wounds exhibit a high recurrence rate. Open wounds are at high risk of invasive wound infections, which can lead to amputation and further disability. An interdisciplinary approach is needed to develop new and more effective therapies.

Methods:

The purpose of this work is to review recent studies focusing on the use of algal polysaccharides in commercially available as well as experimental wound dressings. Studies that discuss wound dressings based on algal polysaccharides, some of which also contain growth factors and even living cells, were identified and included in this review.

Results and Conclusion:

Algal polysaccharides possess mechanical and physical properties, along with excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability that make them suitable for a variety of applications as wound dressings. Furthermore, algal polysaccharides have been used for a dual purpose, namely as wound covering, but also as a vehicle for drug delivery to the wound site.
Applications of Magnetic Liposomes in Cancer Therapies
Authors: T.S Anilkumar , Shalumon K.T. , Chen Jyh-Ping
Published: May 2019

MNPs find numerous important biomedical applications owing to their high biocompatibility and unique magnetic properties at the bottom level. Among several other biomedical applications, MNPs are gaining importance in treating various kinds of cancer either as a hyperthermia agent alone or as a drug/gene carrier for single or combined therapies. At the same time, another type of nano-carrier with lipid bilayer, i.e. liposomes, has also emerged as a platform for administration of pharmaceutical drugs, which sees increasing importance as a drug/gene carrier in cancer therapy due to its excellent biocompatibility, tunable particle size and the possibility for surface modification to overcome biological barriers and to reach targeted sites. MLs that combine MNPs with liposomes are endowed with advantages of both MNPs and liposomes and are gaining importance for cancer therapy in various modes. Hence, we will start by reviewing the synthesis methods of MNPs and MLs, followed by a comprehensive assessment of current strategies to apply MLs for different types of cancer treatments. These will include thermo-chemotherapy using MLs as a triggered releasing agent to deliver drugs/genes, photothermal/ photodynamic therapy and combined imaging and cancer therapy.
Unfolded Protein Response as a Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Zhang Guangyu , Wang Xiaoding , Gillette Thomas G. , Deng Yingfeng , Wang Zhao V.
Published: May 2019

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite overwhelming socioeconomic
impact and mounting clinical needs, our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology
remains incomplete. Multiple forms of cardiovascular disease involve an acute or chronic disturbance
in cardiac myocytes, which may lead to potent activation of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), a
cellular adaptive reaction to accommodate protein-folding stress. Accumulation of unfolded or misfolded
proteins in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) elicits three signaling branches of the UPR, which
otherwise remain quiescent. This ER stress response then transiently suppresses global protein translation,
augments production of protein-folding chaperones, and enhances ER-associated protein degradation,
with an aim to restore cellular homeostasis. Ample evidence has established that the UPR is
strongly induced in heart disease. Recently, the mechanisms of action and multiple pharmacological
means to favorably modulate the UPR are emerging to curb the initiation and progression of cardiovascular
disease. Here, we review the current understanding of the UPR in cardiovascular disease and discuss
existing therapeutic explorations and future directions.
One Pot Aqueous Synthesis of L-Histidine Amino Acid Capped Mn: ZnS Quantum Dots for Dopamine Sensing
Authors: Arunan Ravi , Joseph Printo , Sivakumar Muthusamy , Kiruba Daniel Suthanthira Cross Guevara
Published: May 2019

Background:

Mn doped ZnS is selected as the right element which is prominent among
quantum dot for its high luminescent and quantum yield property and also non toxicity while comparing
with other organometallic quantum dot synthesized by using different capping agents.

Methods:

An interesting observation based on colorimetric sensing of dopamine using manganese
doped zinc sulfide quantum dot is discussed in this study. Mn doped ZnS quantum dot surface passivated
with capping agents such as L-histidine and also in polymers like chitosan, PVA and PVP
were studied and compared. The tunable fluorescence effect was also observed in different polymers
and amino acid as capping agents. Optical characterization studies like UV-Visible spectroscopy and
PL spectroscopy have been carried out. The functional group modification of Quantum dot has been
analyzed using FTIR and size and shape analysis was conducted by using HRTEM image.

Result:

The strong and broad peak of FTIR in the range of 3500-3300 cm-1 confirms the presence of
O-H bond. It is also observed that quenching phenomena in the luminescent peak are due to weaker
confinement effect. The average size of the particle is shown to be around 4-5 nm. Changes in color
of the quantum dot solution from transparent to dark brown has been due to the interaction with dopamine.

Conclusion:

Finally, L-Histidine amino acid capped Mn:ZnS shows better results in luminescence
and size confinement properties. Hence, it was chosen for dopamine sensing due to its colloidal nature
and inborn affinity towards dopamine, a neurotransmitter which is essential for early diagnosis
of neural diseases
68Ga/64Cu PSMA Bio-Distribution in Prostate Cancer Patients: Potential Pitfalls for Different Tracers
Authors: Calabria Ferdinando , Pichler Robert , Leporace Mario , Wolfsgruber Johannes , Coscarelli Pierluigi , Dunzinger Andreas , Schillaci Orazio , Cascini Giuseppe Lucio , Bagnato Antonio
Published: May 2019

Background:

68Ga-PSMA is a widely useful PET/CT tracer for prostate cancer imaging. Being a transmembrane protein acting as a glutamate carboxypeptidase enzyme, PSMA is highly expressed in prostate cancer cells. PSMA can also be labeled with 64Cu, offering a longer half-life and different resolution imaging. Several studies documented bio-distribution and pitfalls of 68Ga-PSMA as well as of 64Cu- PSMA. No data are reported on differences between these two variants of PSMA. Our aim was to evaluate physiological distribution of these two tracers and to analyze false positive cases.

Methods:

We examined tracer bio-distribution in prostate cancer patients with negative 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT (n=20) and negative 64Ga-PSMA PET/CT (n=10). A diagnostic pitfall for each tracer was documented.

Results:

Bio-distribution of both tracers was similar, with some differences due to renal excretion of 68Ga- PSMA and biliary excretion of 64Cu-PSMA. 68Ga-PSMA uptake was observed in sarcoidosis while 64Cu- PSMA uptake was recorded in pneumonitis.

Discussion:

Both tracers may present similar bio-distribution in the human body, with similar uptake in exocrine glands and high intestinal uptake. Similarly to other tracers, false positive cases cannot be excluded in clinical practice.

Conclusion:

The knowledge of difference in bio-distribution between two tracers may help in interpretation of PET data. Diagnostic pitfalls can be documented, due to the possibility of PSMA uptake in inflammation. Our results are preliminary to future studies comparing diagnostic accuracies of 68Ga-PSMA and 64Cu-PSMA.
Incidence, Gross Morphology, Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry of Canine Mammary Tumors
Authors: Patel M. P. , Ghodasara D. J. , Raval S. H. , Joshi B. P.
Published: May 2019

The aim of present investigation was to study the gross morphology and incidence of canine mammary tumors (CMTs) based on age, sex, breed, reproductive status and location along with histopathological classification and immunohistochemical characteristics. A total of 56 CMTs samples were collected from 49 cases of dogs. Gross morphology was studied in 26 cases of canine mammary tumors. For histopathological classification, samples were fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin and sections (5 μm thick) obtained from each was stained with HandE stain. Immuno-histochemistry was carried out by using p63 antibody to confirm the histopathological types of CMTs. Malignant tumors and benign tumors were mostly observed in older dogs. Among 9 breeds affected, the highest incidence was recorded in a German shepherd. Caudal abdominal pair was most commonly affected. Most of the cases were observed in intact female dogs, except for one male dog. The tumors were oval and round in shape with 30–2000 g weight, soft to hard in consistency and grayish white cut surface. Out of 56 CMTs, the highest incidence was found of malignant neoplasms (36/56, 64.28%), followed by benign neoplasms (10/56, 17.85%) and non-neoplastic proliferation hyperplasia/dysplasia (10/56, 17.85%). Complex carcinoma, carcinoma, and malignant myoepithelioma and malignant myoepithelioma were confirmed by p63 antibody. In these neoplasms, myoepithelial cells showed strong immunoreactivity with p63.
Augmenting Blood Profile and Reproduction in Buffaloes of Tribal Areas of Vadodara District (Gujarat) through Appropriate Mineral Mixture Supplementation
Authors: Chaudhary R. K. , Patel D. C.
Published: May 2019

An on-farm trial for 90 days was conducted using 20 anestrus and 20 repeat breeder buffaloes to evaluate the effect of supplementing appropriate mineral mixtures (AMMs) on their nutrient intake, blood profile, estrus occurrence, and conception. Both anestrus and repeat breeder buffaloes were randomly allotted to 2 treatments, i.e., T1 (Ionic mineral mixture) and T2 (T1 + 25% extra zinc in the chelate form). The average intake of DCP, TDN, and copper in anestrus and repeat breeder buffaloes calculated as per information collected from farmers were almost the same among treatments and as per requirements of animals. The average intake of calcium and phosphorus was higher by 65% and 45% than the requirements in anestrus and repeat breeder buffaloes. However, Zn intake was lower by about 35% of the requirement in all treatments. Blood glucose, serum total protein, and serum albumin levels increased marginally on supplementation of T1 and T2 mineral mixtures for 90 days, particularly in anestrus buffaloes. The serum triglycerides and total cholesterol increased, but non-significantly (p >0.05), particularly in T1 groups of both anestrus and repeat breeder animals, whereas levels of BUN and creatinine increased significantly (p less than 0.05) in both the groups of repeat breeders and T1 group of anestrus buffaloes. Activities of serum alkaline phosphatase decreased non-significantly, whereas those of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases remained mostly unaltered. In contrast, the serum Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, and Zn concentration increased significantly (p less than 0.05; p less than 0.01) following 90 days supplementation of T1 and T2 minerals in both anestrus and repeat breeders. The number of days taken for return to the heat of anestrus and repeat breeder buffaloes as well as the cost of feeding was reduced upon supplementation of T2 as compared to T1 mineral mixture. The study showed the beneficial role of mineral supplementation in improving the health and reproductive status of infertile buffaloes.
Efecto de la aplicación asociada entre Rhizobium leguminosarum y microorganismos eficientes sobre la producción del fríjol común
Authors: Calero-Hurtado Alexander , Pérez Díaz Yanery , Quintero Rodríguez Elieni , Olivera Viciedo Dilier , Peña Calzada Kolima
Published: May 2019

Con el objetivo de evaluar la asociación entre diferentes formas de aplicación de microorganismos eficientes y la inoculación con Rhizobium en el comportamiento morfológico y productivo del frijol común se desarrolló un experimento en la Cooperativa de Créditos y Servicios “Mártires de Taguasco”, Sancti Spíritus, Cuba, de octubre de 2012 a febrero de 2013 y se utilizó el cv. Cuba cueto. Fueron evaluados dos factores, el primero fue la utilización de Rhizobium (sin y 1 kg/46 kg de semilla) y el segundo fue cuatro formas de aplicación de microorganismos eficientes, sin (0), al surco (100 mg/L), foliares (100 mg/L) y la asociada (surco más la foliar). Los indicadores morfológicos y productivos que se determinaron fueron: promedio de hojas por plantas, altura de las plantas (cm), legumbres por plantas, granos por legumbres, masa de 100 granos (g/100 semillas) y rendimiento (t/ha). Los resultados mostraron que la aplicación asociada al surco más la foliar de microorganismos eficientes comparadas con las otras formas, incrementó los parámetros morfológicos y productivos evaluados como la producción de hojas, altura de la planta, legumbres por planta, granos por legumbre, la masa de 100 semillas y el rendimiento del grano en 153,23 % cuando no fueron inoculadas con Rhizobium y 100,00 % con la inoculación en relación al tratamiento control.
Sectorización ecoterritorial para la producción agrícola sostenible del cultivo de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) en Carabobo, Venezuela
Authors: Olivares Barlin Orlando , Hernández Rafael Angel
Published: May 2019

En Venezuela, un total del 5,4% del territorio de uso agropecuario se dedica a la producción de raíces y tubérculos, lo que corresponde a 93.677 hectáreas, de las cuales una importante producción de papa se concentra en el estado Carabobo, sin embargo, actualmente existen conflictos sobre el uso de la tierra. El objetivo de esta investigación fue definir áreas aptas para el cultivo de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) en las zonas agrícolas del estado Carabobo como tarea indispensable para el desarrollo sostenible. Se aplicó la metodología de zonificación agroecológica de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO), basándose en primer lugar, en el análisis de los factores climáticos, luego en el análisis de las características del suelo, a fin de obtener la caracterización física de las diferentes áreas. Posteriormente, se confrontaron las exigencias ambientales del cultivo, obteniendo la sectorización de las zonas de mayor o menos adaptabilidad. La mayor superficie corresponde a las zonas con aptitud agrícola que ocupan 337,0 km2, siendo los municipios Libertador y Valencia los de mayor proporción. Este estudio constituye un instrumento para lograr un mayor aprovechamiento de las tierras.
Indicadores asociados a la sostenibilidad de pasturas: una revisión
Authors: Motta-Delgado Pablo Andrés , Ocaña-Martínez Hernán Eduardo , Rojas-Vargas Erika Paola
Published: May 2019

Las pasturas son ecosistemas antropizados que ofrecen recursos alimenticios de bajo costo, principalmente para la alimentación de rumiantes, siendo la base para la producción y los medios de vida en muchas zonas rurales del mundo. La producción basada en pasturas tiene importancia por las implicaciones sociales, ambientales y económicas. Aquí la aplicación de la sostenibilidad juega un papel destacado, porque permite satisfacer tanto las necesidades de las generaciones presentes como las de las futuras. Los objetivos del presente artículo de revisión fueron los siguientes: presentar el avance y la aplicación del concepto de sostenibilidad enfocado en pasturas, y relacionar indicadores para la medición de sostenibilidad en pasturas del trópico. Este artículo describe la sostenibilidad, los indicadores para la medición de la sostenibilidad, las pasturas en el trópico húmedo de la Amazonia, la sostenibilidad aplicada a las pasturas y, finalmente, los indicadores y las métricas para evaluar la sostenibilidad en pasturas. En conclusión, una pastura sostenible debe proporcionar beneficios al suelo, las plantas y los animales, así como proveer medios de vida a la familia gestora del sistema mediante prácticas de manejo adecuadas, que permitan la resiliencia del sistema de pastura y conserven o mejoren los recursos naturales para las generaciones presentes y futuras.
Imbabura: The First UNESCO Geopark in Ecuador
Authors: Vázquez Taset Yaniel Misael
Published: May 2019

The UNESCO Global Geoparks were created in the 1990s as a European regional initiative to respond to the increasing need for enhancing and preserving the geological heritage of our planet1. These geographic sites highlight and celebrate the 4600 Ma of Earth’s geological evolution. The Geoparks initiative is based on three essential pillars2: preservation, education and geotourism. All of them designed to reach sustainable economic development of these areas based on harnessing geological heritage. These are the main guidelines to manage Geoparks, and give the communities a possibility to develop sustainable economic and touristic activities. As a consequence, income of the communities increases and their life quality is positively affected.
Will our next revolution support or obstruct the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals?
Authors: Serrano-Palacio Nicolas , Gómez-Paredes Jorge
Published: May 2019

The so called “Fourth Industrial Revolution” (4IR) 1, is an emerging phenomenon which will likely transform our lives and affect multiple sectors of society. This new revolution encompasses and combines a wide range of new technologies, such as quantum computing, nano and bio-technology, artificial intelligence (AI), the internet of things (IoT), and advance automation. Foreseeing all the impacts and ripple effects that these technologies will have in our societies, in the next years, is a sizeable and difficult task. Much of the debate has usually been focused on automation, which the Cambridge Dictionary defines as “the use of machines or computers instead of people to do a job, especially in a factory or office” 2. The ongoing debate focuses, on the potential of automation to generate production efficiency benefits vs. the threat to increase unemployment lines. But the actual effects (positive and negative) of this revolution may be much wider and deeper, including social and environmental impacts closely related to sustainable development. Following, we present a brief non-exhaustive commentary on some of the potential advantages and disadvantages of the 4IR from the perspective of the 17 goals adopted by all parties to the United Nations on September 2015, as part of an agenda to tackle global problems and reach sustainable development3.
Study the effect of khazra iron nano chelate fertilizer foliar application on two rapeseed varieties
Authors: H. Mahdi Hasan , A. Mutlag Lamiaa , S. Mouhamad Raghad
Published: May 2019

An experiment was conducted in Al-zafraniya station / Baghdad – Iraq, during the winter season 2017 - 2018 in order to study the effect of khazra iron nano chelate fertilizer foliar application on two rapeseed varieties for increasing yield and yield components. The experiment designed by randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) for three replicates. The first factor included two rapeseed varieties (Brassica napus var. oleifera and Brassica napus L. var. pactol) and second factor included khazra iron nano chelated in three levels 0, 5 (kg.ha-1) (0.5 kg nano iron fertilizers per 1000-liter water) and 10 (kg.ha-1) (1 kg nano iron fertilizers per 1000-liter water). Means of the treatments was compared with a significant difference in the use of the least significant difference (LSD) at the probability level (p ≤ 0.05). Results showed that effect of khazra iron nano chelate foliar application, rapeseed varieties and interaction of them had significant effects on yield, biological yield and total dry biomass, which were 1298.6 (kg.ha-1), 7900 (kg.ha-1), and 7288 (kg.ha-1) respectively, at level 10 (kg.ha-1) for rapeseed (Brassica napus var. oleifera). While rapeseed (Brassica napus L. var. pactol) only had biological yield and total dry biomass which were 4260 (kg.ha-1) and 4460 (kg.ha-1) respectively. This is due to the genetic nature of each plant species. According to the results, rapeseed (Brassica napus var. oleifera) with 10 kg. ha-1 khazra iron nano chelate fertilizer foliar application had the highest values at most of evaluated characters.
The response of Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) varieties as evaluated by varied plant population densities in the highlands of Arsi Zone, Southeastern Ethiopia
Authors: Dobocha Dereje , Worku Wogayehu , Bekela Debela , Mulatu Zenebe , Shimeles Fasil , Admasu Almaz
Published: May 2019

Field experiments were carried out in 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons under on-farm conditions in Lemuna Bilbilo District, Southeastern Ethiopia to evaluate the effects of three varieties Degaga, Gora, Moti, and six plant populations (10, 25 (control), 30,50, 70, and 90 plants m-2) on faba bean specific yield and yield components. The experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block design in split plot arrangement in which varieties were assigned to main plots and plant populations to subplots with three replications. The year combined analysis of data revealed that seed yield, total biomass yield and test weight of seed were significantly (p<0.05) affected by varieties and plant population densities m-2. The highest seed yield (4649, 4594 and 4162 kg ha-1) was obtained at 90,70 and 50 plant m-2 for Degaga, Moti and Gora varieties respectively but, no significant difference between control for Degaga and Moti varieties. The highest total biomass of 9 t ha-1 was recorded from the highest 90 plant population m-2 though not significantly different to the total biomass obtained from 70, 50 and 25 (control) plants m-2. Gora variety significantly recorded the highest test weight of seed (889.2g) than the rest Degaga and Moti varieties. In short, founded on studied agronomic parameters of faba bean, 25 plant population density m-2 was economically recommended for Degaga and Moti varieties whereas, 50 plant population density m-2 was for Gora variety.
Readmission Risk Trajectories for Heart Failure Patients Using a Dynamic Prediction Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Jiang Wei , Siddiqui Sauleh , Martinez Diego , Cabral Stephanie , Toerper Matthew , Levin Scott , Korley Frederick , Barouch Lili , Barnes Sean , Hamrock Eric
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND

Patients hospitalized with heart failure suffer the highest rates of 30-day readmission among any clinically-defined patient populations in the United States. Investigation into the predictability of 30-day readmissions can lead to clinical decision-support tools and targeted interventions that can help care providers to improve individual patient care and reduce readmission risk.

OBJECTIVE

We developed a dynamic readmission risk prediction model that yields daily predictions for hospitalized heart failure patients toward identifying risk trajectories over time. We identified clinical predictors associated with different patterns in readmission risk trajectories.

METHODS

A two-stage predictive modeling approach combining logistic and beta regression was applied to electronic health record (EHR) data accumulated daily to predict 30-day readmission for a cohort of 534 heart failure patient encounters over 2,750 patient-days. Unsupervised clustering was performed on predictions to uncover time-dependent trends in readmission risk over the patient’s hospital stay.

RESULTS

Readmission occurred in 107 (20.0%) encounters. The out-of-sample AUC for the two-stage predictive model was 0.73 (±0.08). Dynamic clinical predictors capturing lab results and vital signs had the highest predictive value compared to demographic, administrative, medication and procedural data included. Unsupervised clustering identified four risk trajectory groups: decreasing risk (24.5% encounters), high risk (21.2%), moderate risk (33.1%), and low risk (21.2%). The decreasing risk group demonstrated change in average probability of readmission from admission (0.69) to discharge (0.30), while the high risk (0.75), moderate risk (0.61), and low risk (0.39) maintained consistency over the hospital course. Clinical predictors that discriminated groups included lab measures (hemoglobin, potassium, sodium), vital signs (diastolic blood pressure), and the number of prior hospitalizations.

CONCLUSIONS

Dynamically predicting readmission and quantifying trends over patients’ hospital stay illuminated differing risk trajectory groups. Identifying risk trajectory patterns and distinguishing predictors may shed new light on indicators of readmission and the isolated effects of the index hospitalization.
PEER VIOLENCE AS PREDICTOR OF CYBERBULLYING AMONG ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Ivanovic Miroljub , Ivanović Uglješa
Published: May 2019

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine individual, familial and peer variables as predictors of cyberbullying in early adolescence. The research included (N = 226) male students from Valjevo, aged 15.56  (SD = 0.68). The following measuring instruments were used: Socio-demographic Questionnaire, Violence Among School Children Questionnaire, Parent Behavior Questionnaire. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was examined using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The results of correlation analysis have shown minute and statistically significant correlation between the scores of applied variables. Hierarchical regression model has explained 36% of the variance of traditional peer violence and 10% of cyberbullying. All the examined variables have proven to be statistically significant predictors of traditional peer violence, but not cyberbullying. Seeing that the predictor variables of traditional peer violence partly explain cyberbullying, it is necessary to examine other potential determinants such as frequency of use of electronic media, electronic victimization and others, which would contribute to the prediction of the examined criterion. The applied questionnaires are of optimal use in everyday practice in Serbia and can provide relevant information in evaluating traditional peer violence and cyberbullying among preadolescents.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF MENINGIOMA WITH VENTRAL AND VENTROLATERAL LOCALIZATION IN THE REGION OF THE FORAMEN MAGNUM
Authors: Berilažić Luka , Stojanović Nebojša , Mitić Radisav , Kostić Aleksandar , Dželebdžić Zvonko
Published: May 2019

Meningiomas localized in the ventral part of the foramen magnum always represent a surgical challenge. Analysis was performed on the surgical approach to meningiomas with ventral localization in the craniocervical region in 6 patients. Two posterolateral surgical approaches were used, depending on whether the tumor was at the level of the foramen magnum or it transited into the cervical spinal canal. In the case of a tumor at the level of the foramen magnum, posterolateral approach was used, with the suboccipital bone removal, and removal of part of the occipital condyles, with the resection of the atlas arch and mobilization of a.vertbralis. In tumors propagated in the spinal canal, the same resection of the occipital bone and occipital condyle was done, with the removal of the atlas and part of the atlantoaxial joint. Due to destabilization, occipitocervical fixation was performed in the second posterolateral approach. The posterolateral approach with the suboccipital removal of the bones and the atlas or, if necessary, with the resection of the occipital condyle or atlantoaxial joint, enables a good ventral separation of the tumor attachment and subsequent gradual complete removal. Fixation is required in the event of a removal of the atlantoaxial joint or removal of more than half of the occipital condyle. Posterolateral approach is an absolute indication in all cases of the ventral and ventrolateral localization of meningiomas in the area of the cervico-occipital junction, because it provides complete visualization of the tumor and allows for its safe removal.