bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assistência de enfermagem na atenção primária à saúde de adolescentes com ideações suicidas
Authors: Pessoa Denise Mayara de Souza , Freitas Rodrigo Jácob Moreira de , Melo Juce Ally Lopes de , Barreto Francisca Adriana , Melo Kísia Cristina de Oliveira e , Dias Erika Carla de Sousa
Published: March 2020

Objetivo: compreender como se dá a assistência à saúde prestada pelos enfermeiros na atenção primária aos adolescentes com ideações suicidas. Método: pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, realizada em oito unidades básicas de saúde (UBS), de um município de médio porte do Nordeste brasileiro. A coleta de dados deu-se por meio de entrevistas seguindo um roteiro norteador com oito enfermeiros do setor. O material foi analisado de acordo com a técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: diante disso, três categorias foram evidenciadas - assistência de Enfermagem à atenção integral aos adolescentes; conhecimento dos profissionais sobre suicídio; concepções, identificação e prevenção e desafios na assistência do adolescente com ideações suicidas. Destaca-se, ainda, a falta de planejamento e de ações para a demanda de saúde mental dos adolescentes, focando em ações biologicistas, como: sexualidade, gravidez na adolescência e infecções sexualmente transmissíveis para adolescentes mulheres. Os enfermeiros têm dificuldades em compreender, identificar e prevenir os sinais de ideações suicidas, pautando sua prática em experiências empíricas. Conclusões: dessa forma, torna-se necessário que o enfermeiro da atenção primária conheça o território e o perfil de saúde dos adolescentes. Somado a isso, a educação permanente deve permitir a construção de novos saberes necessários para abordar o tema na prática do enfermeiro, bem como dos demais profissionais que atuam na atenção primária. Sugere-se que a área da saúde mental seja fortalecida na formação do enfermeiro, visto que o suicídio em jovens vem aumentando e requer, portanto, assistência integral da Enfermagem aos adolescentes.
Qualidade de vida e sexualidade de mulheres histerectomizadas em uma maternidade pública da amazônia brasileira
Authors: Tostes Nádia Cecília Barros , Cárdenas Anneli Mercedes Celis de , Menezes Rubens Alex de Oliveira , Miranda Lídia Carvalho de , Rocha Bruna Carvalho da , Inajosa Sandra Pimentel
Published: March 2020

Objetivo: descrever a qualidade de vida e sexualidade de mulheres histerectomizadas que se submeteram à cirurgia no Hospital da Mulher - HMML de Macapá-Amapá. Método: estudo do tipo descritivo exploratório, com delineamento transversal e abordagem quantitativa, realizado com mulheres de uma maternidade de Macapá, estado do Amapá, que se submeteram à histerectomia total nos anos de 2006 a 2016. Utilizaram-se como instrumentos para avaliar a qualidade de vida e a sexualidade de mulheres submetidas à histerectomia total a entrevista individual e os testes WHOQOL-bref e QS-F. Resultados: a amostra incluiu 41 mulheres histerectomizadas com idades entre 24 e 60 anos. A maioria delas considera que a sua QV é boa (53,7%). Quanto à satisfação com a saúde, pouco mais da metade referiu estar satisfeita (36,5%). No tocante à caracterização do desempenho sexual, 13 (31,7%) relataram desempenho sexual desfavorável a regular. Conclusão: a análise das médias dos escores de cada dimensão mostra melhor qualidade de vida no domínio psicológico. No entanto, as correlações do quociente sexual com os domínios da qualidade de vida são todas positivas e significativas.
Exceptional Response to Olaparib in a Patient With Recurrent Ovarian Cancer and an Entire BRCA1 Germline Gene Deletion
Authors: Randall Megan , Burgess Kelly , Buckingham Lela , Usha Lydia
Published: March 2020

PARP inhibitors are known to be effective in patients with ovarian cancer (OC) and germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes (BRCA mutations). Little is known, however, about any correlation between the deletion size and location of the BRCA mutation and the response to PARP inhibitors. Women with OC commonly undergo genetic testing because the presence of a germline BRCA mutation impacts therapeutic decisions and is important for cancer surveillance in patients and their family members. This report presents a case of a rare entire germline BRCA1 gene deletion and an exceptional response to a PARP inhibitor, olaparib, in a heavily pretreated patient with OC. Her disease course was also remarkable for complete responses to platinum-based chemotherapy and long chemotherapy-free intervals. Interestingly, the deletion of the entire BRCA1 gene was found after previously negative BRCA test results and is associated with a deletion of 6 adjacent genes without known clinical significance. She has remained progression-free and asymptomatic for >3 years on olaparib, with an overall survival of >12 years. We postulate that this unusually favorable response and prolonged overall survival is related to the cancer cells’ inability to reverse the entire gene deletion to wild-type (a common mechanism of resistance to PARP inhibition). This case shows the value of genetic testing for patients with OC and highlights the utility of additional testing with previously negative results and limited genetic testing. It also provides insight into a potential mechanism of an exceptional response to PARP inhibition.
Quality Measurement in Cancer Care: A Review and Endorsement of High-Impact Measures and Concepts
Authors: D’Amico Thomas A. , Bandini Lindsey A.M. , Balch Alan , Benson Al B. , Edge Stephen B. , Fitzgerald C. Lyn , Green Robert J. , Koh Wui-Jin , Kolodziej Michael , Kumar Shaji , Meropol Neal J. , Mohler James L. , Pfister David , Walters Ronald S. , Carlson Robert W.
Published: March 2020

Although oncology care has evolved, outcome assessment remains a key challenge. Outcome measurement requires identification and adoption of a succinct list of metrics indicative of high-quality cancer care for use within and across healthcare systems. NCCN established an advisory committee, the NCCN Quality and Outcomes Committee, consisting of provider experts from NCCN Member Institutions and other stakeholders, including payers and patient advocacy, community oncology, and health information technology representatives, to review the existing quality landscape and identify contemporary, relevant cancer quality and outcomes measures by reevaluating validated measures for endorsement and proposing new measure concepts to fill crucial gaps. This manuscript reports on 22 measures and concepts; 15 that align with existing measures and 7 that are new.
Evolución de la Parentalidad Positiva: Estudio longitudinal de los efectos de la aplicación de un programa de educación parental
Authors: Torío López Susana , Peña Calvo José Viicente , García Pérez Omar , Inda-Caro Mercedes
Published: March 2020

La relación familia-escuela es un contexto idóneo para facilitar los recursos, servicios y propuestas que lleven a una acción educativa exitosa. Este trabajo presenta los resultados del estudio de seguimiento del Programa “Construir lo cotidano: un programa de educación parental” para familias con hijos/ hijas entre 0-12 años, llevado a cabo en el Principado de Asturias desde el año 2011, para mejorar las dinámicas familiares y afrontar de forma exitosa las situaciones de dificultad cotidianas. Se contactó con los padres y madres participantes de los centros educativos donde se implementó el programa, vía mail/teléfono, para valorar los efectos del programa en estos años y la apreciación de los progenitores sobre los recuerdos más significativos y las necesidades de formación en la actualidad. El análisis longitudinal muestra un ascenso en las pautas y recursos educativos al finalizar la aplicación del mismo y desciende en la actualidad. Las familias refieren necesidades formativas en temas relacionados con el cambio de etapa, formación a lo largo de la vida y problemas relacionados con el asesoramiento y la orientación escolar. Desarrollar programas de educación parental basados en la evidencia y enmarcados en los proyectos vitales de las familias es una demanda necesaria en la actualidad.

The relation family-school is the ideal context to promote the resources, the facilities and the proposals to forward a successful educational actions. This paper depicts the longitudinal study’s findings of the “Building Everyday Life: positive parenting progamme” to families with children of 0-12 years old. It was run at Principality of Asturias (Spain) from 2011 year, to improve the family dynamics and to face the daily life tasks in a successful way. It was made contact with the participating parents at schools where the programme was carried out, via email or telephone, to evaluate the programme’s effects along these years period, likewise to know the most significative memories and the current training needs of the parent participants. The longitudinal analysis reveals an improvement in family educative guides and resources at the end of the programme, and there is a big drop at the moment. The families refer training needs regards to development stage change, to lifelong learning and in the issues related with the educational counseling and guidance. At present, there is a demand to develop parental education programmes based in the evidences and, being part of the families’ vital projects.
From the chief editor's desks. The beginning of genetics and breeding research in Ukraine (to 100 years from the time of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine)
Authors: Kunakh V. A.
Published: March 2020

The main events underlying the launch of the scientific basis for breeding, as well as genetic and genetic selection studies in Ukraine at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries are presented. The major trends and principal achievements of these sciences in the system of institutions of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine from the time of its foundation (November, 1918) and the prohibition of genetic research and teaching of classical genetics in the former USSR in August 1948 were considered. The scientific and scientifically-organizational activities of leading geneticists and breeders of Ukraine and their contribution to the world science advancements were analyzed.Keywords: history of science, genetics and breeding in Ukraine, history of the NAS of Ukraine.
The mechanisms of fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase degradation in methylotrophic yeasts Pichia pastoris
Authors: Dmytruk O. V. , Bulbotka N. V. , Sibirny A. A.
Published: March 2020

Aim. The study of the mechanisms of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase degradation in methylotrophic yeasts Pichia pastoris. Methods. Methods of determination the specific activity of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in the wild type and mutant strains of methylotrophic yeast P. pastoris after shifting cells from the medium with methanol into the medium with glucose were used. The study of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase protein degradetion was performed by Western blot analysis. Results. The changes of the specific activity of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in the wild type strain GS200, the strain with the deletion of the GSS1 hexose sensor gene and strain defected in autophagy pathway SMD1163 of P. pastoris in short-term and long-term induction with methanol, and with or without the addition of the MG132 (proteasome degradation inhibitor) was investigated. Degradation of fructose‑1,6‑bisphosphatase by the Western blot analysis in GS200, SMD1163 and Δgss1 strains was studied. Conclusions. It was shown that the duration of cell incubation on methanol has no particular effect on the inactivation of the enzyme. The effect of the proteasome inhibitor MG132 was insignificant. Catabolic inactivation of cytosolic and peroxisomal enzymes is damaged in the Δgss1 mutant as glucose signaling is impaired. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase degrades by a vacuolar pathway, regardless of the duration of methanol induction, which correlates with the activity data of this enzyme. Keywords: fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, yeasts, Pichia pastoris, methanol, autophagy.
Model of methodical system of genetic education in form 10 by the program "Biology and ecology"
Authors: Borodina K. I. , Kmets A. M.
Published: March 2020

Aim. The article is devoted to the development of the theoretical model of the methodical system of teaching the genetics in the 10th form, determining the components of each element of the system and links between them on the basis of theoretical analysis of the content of the educational program in biology and ecology for the 10th form, the requirements of the State standard of basic and complete general secondary education, provisions of the of the New Ukrainian school concept. Methods. Analysis, synthesis, modeling. Results. The authors have proposed a model of the methodical system of teaching genetics in the 10th form under the new program, from the point of view of the individual and the whole and the connections between the elements of the system. Conclusions. There are connections between the elements of the methodical system, these connections acquire new qualities if this system is included as a component in the system of teacher – student interaction. An important factor in functioning the methodical system is the optimal combination of goals, objectives, teaching technologies, which include the organizatio of teacher pedagogical activities and student learning; different training forms; training tools.

Keywords: methodical system, training technologies, student interaction, goals, objectives.
Prenatal stress-induced sex differences in the incidence and course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats
Authors: Utevska S. V. , Geyko V. V.
Published: March 2020

Aim. The research is aimed at investigating the effect of prenatal stress on the incidence and course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in four-month-old rats, offspring of females with different sensitivity to EAE induction. Methods. The incidence and severity of EAE (duration of latent period (LP)), the maximum level of neurological deficit (KSmax) and the duration of the period from the first to the maximum manifestations of neurological deficit (T)) were analyzed in rats with induced EAE. Results. A decrease in the incidence of EAE in prenatally stressed four-month-old females, whose mothers were sensitive to induction of EAE, was found. Differences in the dynamics of EAE course in males from the control and prenatally stressed group were revealed. Conclusions.The EAE incidence and EAE course traits in four-month-old rats depend on a complex of factors: mother's sensitivity to induction of EAE, prenatal stress and offspring sex.

Keywords: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, prenatal stress, sex, sensitivity to induction of EAE.
Study of prevalence of different forms of ichthyosis in Kharkiv region
Authors: Fedota O. M. , Sadovnychenko Yu. O. , Roshchenyuk L. V. , Vorontsov V. M. , Ryzhko P. P.
Published: March 2020

Ichthyosis is genetically and clinically heterogenic group of epidermis keratinization disorders. Its prevalence is geographically different. Aim. The aim of this research was to evaluate ichthyosis prevalence in Kharkiv region. Methods. The collection of clinical-genealogical history was carried out by the method of single registration of the proband on the basis of the Regional Clinical Dermatological and Venereological Health Center No. 1 and the Dermatovenerological Health Centers of the Kharkiv Region in 2017. Results. The ichthyosis prevalence in Kharkiv region was 2.5·10–4 in 2017. The ichthyosis prevalence varied from 6.7∙10‑5 in Krasnohrad district to 1.0∙10‑3 in Dvorichna district. The least prevalence was in the population of Vovchansk city (1.1∙10‑4) and the highest one was in the population of Dvorichna city (10.7∙10‑4). The differences between the prevalence of ichthyosis vulgaris in Kharkiv region in 2008-2017 were established. Conclusions. It was found that the decrease of ichthyosis prevalence in Kharkiv region was 1.6 times during last 10 years. This index for ichthyosis vulgaris was decreased 1.9 times at the same period. Monogenic dermatoses, as an example of ichthyosis, can be used both to monitor the burden of genetic disorders in the region and to solve the problems of general and personal genetic safety in the population.

Keywords: ichthyosis vulgaris, X-linked recessive ichthyosis, prevalence.
Microwave influence on the position effect variegation in Drosophila melanogaster Meig.
Authors: Dyka L. D. , Strashnyuk V. Yu.
Published: March 2020

Aim. The purpose of investigation was to study the effect of microwave irradiation of different intensity on the manifestation of the position effect variegation (PEV) in Drosophila melanogaster Meig. Methods. Experiments were carried out on mutant strain In(1)wm4, y. Microwave radiation with frequency 36.64 GHz and power density 0.01; 0.1 and 1 W/m2, was used. Exposure to microwaves was applied in early embryogenesis after 2-hour oviposition. Exposure time was 30 sec. PEV was examined in the irradiated and non-irradiated (control) flies. Results. In females, microwave irradiation at a power density of 1 W/m2 led to an enhance in the inactivation of the white+ gene transferred into a vicinity of pericentric heterochromatin in the X-chromosome. No effect was detected by irradiation intensity of 0.01 and 0.1 W/m2. In males, there was a suppression of genetic inactivation at a power density of 0.01 W/m2. Conclusions. Microwave irradiation can affect the size of heterochromatin blocks that cause gene silencing in PEV. The effect depends on the sex and intensity of the radiation.

Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster Meig., position effect variegation, heterochromatin, gene silencing, non-ionising radiation.
The globalization in highlights: achievements and genetic risks
Authors: Baranovsky D. I. , Khokhlov A. M. , Danilova T. M.
Published: March 2020

Aim. A large-scale selection is based on the use of modern achievements of population genetics, creation of automatic informative systems with the help of electronic counting equipment, modelling and optimization of the selecting programs on EOM and modern biological technologies of recreation of animals. Centralization of selecting work enables to conduct genetic development of large number of dairy cattle within separate breeds with the effective use of achievements of practical selection in separate herds. Methods. In the conditions of large-scale selection the combination of pedigree, reproductive and marketable herds takes place in the only selective process. The aim of selective program is to transfer the selective achievements from the active part of the breed to the whole herd of the population. In terms of implementation of large-scale selection system there is a problem of optimal amount of lines in the population of separate breeds. There are three lines and three genealogical groups in the Holstein breed (more than 10 ml cows). Due to F.F. Eysner (1986), to conduct effective selective work in the breeds of narrow natural habitat of distribution it is necessary to have 6-8 lines and for wide natural habitat – not less than 15–20 lines. Results. Reduction of factory lines and genealogical groups in Holstein breed leads to reduction of genetic variety and unsystematic use of sperm of male-leaders results in the family mating. Moreover if males with their own genes and genes of their cubs in genotype are used, the frequency of genetic anomalies in pedigree population increases very fast. Conclusions. The work with the use of male-producers must be conducted under permanent genetic control. All males and their female cubs selected for the experiment must be identified according to the factors of blood types. Besides, male-producer leaders must be checked to determine if they have anomalies in chromosomes and lethal factors in perspective. Intensive use of male-improvers, estimated by their cubs is the base for effective large-scale selection of dairy cattle breed.

Keywords: large-scale selection, breed, line, genotype, chromosome anomalies.
Integrated evaluation of seed oil composition and yield potential of oil radish as new high-productive biodiesel source
Authors: Blume R. Ya. , Lantukh G. V. , Holubets O. V. , Rakhmetova S. O. , Yemets A. I. , Rakhmetov D. B. , Blume Ya. B.
Published: March 2020

Aim. Main aim of this research was a comparison of fatty acid composition for seed oils from oil radish breeding forms and varieties produced in Natl. Botanical Garden of Natl. Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Methods. Biochemical analysis of oil content as well as chromatographic analysis of fatty acid composition of oil radish and its genotypes were conducted out. Results. Oil content in seeds of oil radish (Raphanus var. oleifera sativus L.) was determined. The highest oil content was indicated for variety Kyyanochka – 42 %. Basing on chromatographic analysis of fatty acids of oil radish genotypes most optimal fatty acid composition for biodiesel production was identified in Kyyanochka variety due to high content of short-chained and monounsaturated fatty acids and highest oleic (18:1) acid content – 37.89 %. Conclusions. Taking in account results of chromatographic analysis and agronomic productivity the best genotype for biodiesel production were identified: variety Kyyanochka. Chosen genotype could be used for production of light types of biofuel which have potential to be used as additive for aviation fuel according to the optimal fatty acid composition
Keywords: Brassicaceae, oil radish, varieties, breeding forms, oil, fatty acids, biodiesel production.
Characteristics of mutant soybean lines at Satt100 and Satt319 loci linked with E7 gene
Authors: Zharikova D. O. , Chebotar G. O. , Vilgota M. V. , Temchenko I. V. , Chebotar S. V.
Published: March 2020

Aim. Аnalysis of genetic polymorphism of microsatellite loci Satt100 and Satt319 in 10 lines obtained by chemical mutagenesis, and 4 parental varieties – Oksana, Femida, Zolotysta, Podil’s’ka 416. Satt100 and Satt319 are flanking E7gene, which determines sensitivity of soybean to the length of the day in ripening phase. Methods. DNA were isolated from soybean seeds using the kit NeoPrep100 DNA. PCR were performed with microsatellites Satt100 and Satt319. The PCR products were fractionated in 7% polyacrylamide gels. Results. In the investigated lines were detected 5 alleles at the Satt100 locus and 3 alleles at the Satt319 locus. 42.9 % of the varieties and lines in this study were carriers of the «E» allele for Satt100. According to analysis of locus Satt319 64.2 % of varieties and lines were the carriers of «B» allele. Conclusions. Variety Oksana, mutant lines Oksana M №12, Femida M №29 – are carriers of the dominant allele E7. Variety Zolotysta and five mutant lines have recessive allele e7. In 75 % cases we have detected changes of alleles at microsatellite loci in mutant lines in comparison with parental forms. We assume that mutagenic reagents could affect at generative organs of soybean and lead totheir open flowering and crosspollinations.

Keywords: Glycine max (L.), soybean, gene E7, microsatellite markers, photoperiodic sensitivity.
Heterosis models of corn hybrids of different maturity groups FAO 150-490 under irrigated conditions
Authors: Lavrynenko Yu. O. , Bazaliy V. V. , Vozhegova R. A. , Bodenko N. A. , Marchenko T. Yu. , Mykhalenko I. V.
Published: March 2020

Aim. The aim of this work was to develop heterosis models of corn hybrids FAO 150–490 for irrigation conditions. A morpho-physiological model was developed and the FAO 150–490 corn hybrids were created on its basis for irrigation conditions of the South of Ukraine with grain yield 11–17 t/ha. Methods. The general scientific, special selection genetic, computational and comparative research methods were used. Results. The results of multi- years research for morpho-physiological and heterozyotic models of corn hybrids of different maturity groups within the conditions of irrigation were presented. The main parameters of models of maize hybrids of different FAO groups are determined. The parameters of heterozosis models are determined and the lines with high combining ability were created, which are involved in the pedigree of early-ripening, early ripe medium group, mid-ripening, middle-late and late maturity groups of newly created hybrids. These hybrids have not shown the yield increase during the optimization technology for grain growing. There were defined corn hybrids intensive type which provide grain yield of 15–17 t/ha. Conclusions. There were created new innovative FAO corn hybrids 150–600 for irrigation conditions, which are possessing a complex of economic complex and valuable features which are able to form high yields during the irrigation (11–17 t/ha). The morpho-biological features that determine grain yield are steadily implemented only at high soil fertility. For this reason the selection phenotype is reliable only in favorable conditions. The differentiating ability of the environment within a high soil fertility is more than in close-extreme conditions.

Keywords: corn, maize, model, hybrid, irrigation, group maturity, yield.
Bliver fattige lande rigere af at modtage udviklingsbistand?
Authors: Hartkopf Bjarke Tarpgaard
Published: March 2020

-
LES OBSTACLES AU DÉVELOPPEMENT INDUSTRIEL DE L’AFRIQUE
Authors: Totouom Armand
Published: March 2020

Les statistiques indiquent que la part de l’Afrique dans la valeur ajoutée manufacturière mondiale n’est que d’environ 1,6 % en 2014 (UNIDO, 2016). Cette faible performance industrielle du continent africain est quelque peu décevante au regard du potentiel d’attraction des investissements qu’il dispose. L’objectif de cet article est d’identifier les obstacles au développement industriel de l’Afrique. L’argumentation développée s’appuie à la fois sur la littérature et sur les statistiques existantes. L’article montre que le faible niveau des infrastructures des pays africains, en particulier les infrastructures de transport, de télécommunications, et d’énergie constitue un frein majeur à l’émergence industrielle du continent. Le manque de vision politique, l’instabilité politique, la faiblesse de la taille du marché, les difficultés d’accès au financement, et le faible niveau du capital humain sont également mis en évidence comme entraves majeures à l’industrialisation du continent.
UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. A critique of Article 24 of the CRPD: Precedents, polarized paradigms, flawed contingencies
Authors: Winzer Margaret , Mazurek Kas
Published: March 2020

Article 24 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) enshrouds inclusive schooling as a rights-based case premised on the placement of children and youth with disabilities in the general education system, highlights how inclusive schooling is to be
implemented and guaranteed, and delineates the primary responsibilities of ratifying countries. This retrospective and descriptive paper touches on the genesis, drafting history, and content of the CRPD. The chief focus is on Article 24 and the articulated education goals and directives. The
paper assesses the embedded conceptual and educational mismatches found in Article 24 that, of themselves, create obstacles to the implementation of the treaty’s education goals. We broadly conclude that regardless of the obligations incurred by ratification of the CRPD, the current
emphasis on baseline rights to education, and the moral impetus provided by the international community, worldwide inclusive schooling is a fraught issue, under pressure on many dimensions.
Brain aging comprises many modes of structural and functional change with distinct genetic and biophysical associations
Authors: Smith Stephen M , Elliott Lloyd T , Alfaro-Almagro Fidel , McCarthy Paul , Nichols Thomas E , Douaud Gwenaëlle , Miller Karla L
Published: March 2020

Brain imaging can be used to study how individuals’ brains are aging, compared against population norms. This can inform on aspects of brain health; for example, smoking and blood pressure can be seen to accelerate brain aging. Typically, a single ‘brain age’ is estimated per subject, whereas here we identified 62 modes of subject variability, from 21,407 subjects’ multimodal brain imaging data in UK Biobank. The modes represent different aspects of brain aging, showing distinct patterns of functional and structural brain change, and distinct patterns of association with genetics, lifestyle, cognition, physical measures and disease. While conventional brain-age modelling found no genetic associations, 34 modes had genetic associations. We suggest that it is important not to treat brain aging as a single homogeneous process, and that modelling of distinct patterns of structural and functional change will reveal more biologically meaningful markers of brain aging in health and disease.
Cell type composition and circuit organization of clonally related excitatory neurons in the juvenile mouse neocortex
Authors: Cadwell Cathryn R , Scala Federico , Fahey Paul G , Kobak Dmitry , Mulherkar Shalaka , Sinz Fabian H , Papadopoulos Stelios , Tan Zheng H , Johnsson Per , Hartmanis Leonard , Li Shuang , Cotton Ronald J , Tolias Kimberley F , Sandberg Rickard , Berens Philipp , Jiang Xiaolong , Tolias Andreas Savas
Published: March 2020

Clones of excitatory neurons derived from a common progenitor have been proposed to serve as elementary information processing modules in the neocortex. To characterize the cell types and circuit diagram of clonally related excitatory neurons, we performed multi-cell patch clamp recordings and Patch-seq on neurons derived from Nestin-positive progenitors labeled by tamoxifen induction at embryonic day 10.5. The resulting clones are derived from two radial glia on average, span cortical layers 2–6, and are composed of a random sampling of transcriptomic cell types. We find an interaction between shared lineage and connection type: related neurons are more likely to be connected vertically across cortical layers, but not laterally within the same layer. These findings challenge the view that related neurons show uniformly increased connectivity and suggest that integration of vertical intra-clonal input with lateral inter-clonal input may represent a developmentally programmed connectivity motif supporting the emergence of functional circuits.
Albumin promotes proliferation of G1 arrested serum starved hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Ibrahim Badr , Stange Jan , Dominik Adrian , Sauer Martin , Doss Sandra , Eggert Martin
Published: March 2020

Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein and functions as a transport molecule that continuously interacts with various cell types. Because of these properties, albumin has been exploited by the pharmaceutical industry to improve drug delivery into target cells. The immediate effects of albumin on cells, however, require further understanding. The cell interacting properties and pharmaceutical applications of albumin incentivises continual research into the immediate effects of albumin on cells. The HepG2/C3A hepatocellular carcinoma cell line is used as a model for studying cancer pathology as well as liver biosynthesis and cellular responses to drugs. Here we investigated the direct effect of purified albumin on HepG2/C3A cell proliferation in the absence of serum, growth factors and other serum originating albumin bound molecules. We observed that the reduced cell counts in serum starved HepG2/C3A cultures were increased by the inclusion of albumin. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that the percentage of cells in G1 phase during serum starvation was reduced from 86.4 ± 2.3% to 78.3 ± 3.2% by the inclusion of albumin whereas the percentage of cells in S phase was increased from 6.5 ± 1.5% to 14.3 ± 3.6%. A significant reduction in the cell cycle inhibitor protein, P21, accompanied the changes in the proportions of cell cycle phases upon treatment with albumin. We have also observed that the levels of dead cells determined by DNA fragmentation and membrane permeabilization caused by serum starvation (TUNEL: 16.6 ± 7.2%, ethidium bromide: 13.8 ± 4.8%) were not significantly altered by the inclusion of albumin (11.6 ± 10.2%, ethidium bromide: 16.9 ± 8.9%). Therefore, the increase in cell number was mainly caused by albumin promoting proliferation rather than protection against cell death. These primary findings demonstrate that albumin has immediate effects on HepG2/C3A hepatocellular carcinoma cells. These effects should be taken into consideration when studying the effects of albumin bound drugs or pathological ligands bound to albumin on HepG2/C3A cells.
Genome-wide investigation of WRKY transcription factors in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) and their potential roles in regulating growth and development
Authors: Sun Wenjun , Ma Zhaotang , Chen Hui , Liu Moyang
Published: March 2020

Background

The WRKY gene family plays important roles in plant biological functions and has been identified in many plant species. With the publication of the Tartary buckwheat genome, the evolutionary characteristics of the WRKY gene family can be systematically explored and the functions of Fagopyrum tataricum WRKY (FtWRKY) genes in the growth and development of this plant also can be predicted.

Methods

In this study, the FtWRKY genes were identified by the BLASTP method, and HMMER, SMART, Pfam and InterPro were used to determine whether the FtWRKY genes contained conserved domains. The phylogenetic trees including FtWRKY and WRKY genes in other plants were constructed by the neighbor-joining (NJ) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods. The intron and exon structures of the FtWRKY genes were analyzed by the gene structure display server, and the motif compositions were analyzed by MEME. Chromosome location information of FtWRKY genes was obtained with gff files and sequencing files, and visualized by Circos, and the collinear relationship was analyzed by Dual synteny plotter software. The expression levels of 26 FtWRKY genes from different groups in roots, leaves, flowers, stems and fruits at the green fruit, discoloration and initial maturity stage were measured through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis.

Results

A total of 76 FtWRKY genes identified from the Tartary buckwheat genome were divided into three groups. FtWRKY genes in the same group had similar gene structures and motif compositions. Despite the lack of tandem-duplicated gene pairs, there were 23 pairs of segmental-duplicated gene pairs. The synteny gene pairs of FtWRKY genes and Glycine max WRKY genes were the most. FtWRKY42 was highly expressed in roots and may perform similar functions as its homologous gene AtWRKY75, playing a role in lateral root and hairy root formation. FtWRKY9, FtWRKY42 and FtWRKY60 were highly expressed in fruits and may play an important role in fruit development.

Conclusion

We have identified several candidate FtWRKY genes that may perform critical functions in the development of Tartary buckwheat root and fruit, which need be verified through further research. Our study provides useful information on WRKY genes in regulating growth and development and establishes a foundation for screening WRKY genes to improve Tartary buckwheat quality.
Field behavior of potted seedlings of strawberry plants in different growing seasons
Authors: Becker Tais Barbosa , Gonçalves Michel Aldrighi , Ferreira Leticia Vanni , Antunes Luis Eduardo Correa
Published: March 2020

Since dependence on seedling importation has been a hindrance to strawberry farmers, production of national plants has become an alternative solution. This study aimed at evaluating the field behavior of potted seedlings of strawberry plants in a low tunnel system in different early growing seasons in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The experiment was carried out at Embrapa Clima Temperado in 2015 and 2016 in a randomized block design, composed of a 4x3 factorial, four cultivars (Aromas, Camarosa, Festival and Oso Grande) and three growing seasons (March 16th, April 1st and April 16th). For all seasons, the cultivation was until November 30 in 2015 and October 31 in 2016. The following variables were determined: beginning and full blooming, beginning and length of harvest; number of fruits; mean fruit mass; and fresh mass per plant throughout early and total production. The cultivar Aromas presents lower flowering uniformity among plants (difference between beginning and full flowering) according to the two years of evaluation.  Potted strawberry seedlings planted until early April 1st - Season 2 in Pelotas, RS, allow high early production, with production above 400 grams per plant. The cultivar Camarosa when planted on March 16 or April 1 had total yield per plant above 800 grams. All cultivars under study (Aromas, Camarosa, Festival and Oso Grande) have better plant development and higher total yield gains in years with higher temperature and lower rainfall in the initial phase and good rainfall distribution over the growing season. (2015) than in years with most frequent precipitation and lower temperature in the initial phase and poor rainfall distribution over the growing season (2016).
Morpho-anatomical and physiological characteristics responses of a paried near-isogenic lines of waxy corn to waterlogging
Authors: Wang Ji , Lv Xiangling , Wang Hongwei , Zhong Xuemei , Shi Zhensheng , Zhu Min , Li Fenghai
Published: March 2020

Waterlogging stress is one of the most natural stress, which due to excessive rainfall or low-lying terrain, and limits crop growth and yield. Our objective was to study the morpho-anatomical and physiological characteristics of a paired near-isogenic lines of waxy corn under waterlogging stress. This experiment was implemented in pots with a paired of near-isogenic lines differing in waterlogging tolerance: Zz-R (waterlogging-resistant) and Zz-S (waterlogging-sensitive). Root morphology features, anaerobic respiratory enzyme activity, and tissue anatomical characteristics were measured at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8d in the control and waterlogging conditions. The result indicated that waterlogging induced a decrease in the root length, volume and surface areas of the two waxy corn inbred lines, the total root length, root volume, and root surface area of the Zz-R showed less reduction than the Zz-S. Waterlogging stress influenced significantly by the parenchyma cells in cortex of root between Zz-R and Zz-S. Zz-R can also maintain a higher level of anaerobic respiratory enzyme activity under waterlogging stress. The different reaction between the paired near-isogenic lines may be responsible for higher tolerance of Zz-R than Zz-S. These results can provide a certain theoretical basis of the resistance evaluation and breeding to the resistant varieties.
Difference in LET‐based biological doses between IMPT optimization techniques: Robust and PTV‐based optimizations
Authors: Hirayama Shusuke , Matsuura Taeko , Yasuda Koichi , Takao Seishin , Fujii Takaaki , Miyamoto Naoki , Umegaki Kikuo , Shimizu Shinichi
Published: March 2020

Purpose

While a large amount of experimental data suggest that the proton relative biological effectiveness (RBE) varies with both physical and biological parameters, current commercial treatment planning systems (TPS) use the constant RBE instead of variable RBE models, neglecting the dependence of RBE on the linear energy transfer (LET). To conduct as accurate a clinical evaluation as possible in this circumstance, it is desirable that the dosimetric parameters derived by TPS () are close to the “true” values derived with the variable RBE models (). As such, in this study, the closeness of to was compared between planning target volume (PTV)‐based and robust plans.

Methods

Intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT) treatment plans for two Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) phantom cases and four nasopharyngeal cases were created using the PTV‐based and robust optimizations, under the assumption of a constant RBE of 1.1. First, the physical dose and dose‐averaged LET (LETd) distributions were obtained using the analytical calculation method, based on the pencil beam algorithm. Next, was calculated using three different RBE models. The deviation of from was evaluated with D99 and Dmax, which have been used as the evaluation indices for clinical target volume (CTV) and organs at risk (OARs), respectively. The influence of the distance between the OAR and CTV on the results was also investigated. As a measure of distance, the closest distance and the overlapped volume histogram were used for the RTOG phantom and nasopharyngeal cases, respectively.

Results

As for the OAR, the deviations of from were always smaller in robust plans than in PTV‐based plans in all RBE models. The deviation would tend to increase as the OAR was located closer to the CTV in both optimization techniques. As for the CTV, the deviations of from were comparable between the two optimization techniques, regardless of the distance between the CTV and the OAR.

Conclusion

Robust optimization was found to be more favorable than PTV‐based optimization in that the results presented by TPS were closer to the “true” values and that the clinical evaluation based on TPS was more reliable.
Adaptive global stabilization of chained‐form systems with multiple disturbance and strong nonlinear drifts
Authors: Chen Hua , Wang Yuxuan , Zhang Jinghui , Xu Shen , Sun Xiaoying , Wang Baolei , Fan Bo
Published: March 2020

This article investigates the stabilization of chained‐form nonholonomic systems with strong drifts, multidisturbances, and unknown constant parameters. The disturbances include the matched disturbance with bounded variation and the unknown time‐varying unmatched disturbance. A nonlinear disturbance observer is skillfully constructed to evaluate the matched disturbance and a disturbance estimation is used in the virtual controls to compensate the unmatched disturbance. By using a new input‐to‐state scaling scheme, the original nonholonomic system is transformed into a strict feedback form. Combining back‐stepping technique with disturbance observer‐based control (DOBC), a composite DOBC and global adaptive stabilization controller is proposed. A switching strategy based on control input magnitude instead of time is proposed to avoid uncontrollability. By using Lyapunov tools, all the states in the system are proved to be uniformly ultimate bounded. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategies.
Long‐Range Fluorescence Propagation in Amyloidogenic β‐Sheet Films and Fibers
Authors: Apter Boris , Fainberg Boris , Handelman Amir , Lapsker Igor , Accardo Antonella , Diaferia Carlo , Morelli Giancarlo , Rosenman Gil
Published: March 2020

Newly developed PEGylated phenylalanine peptide derivatives (PEG‐F6) can self‐assemble to form hybrid multifunctional nanostructures of homogeneous thin polymer films and amyloid‐like fibers. Both adopt a β‐sheet architecture and acquire the unique properties of visible fluorescence (FL) found in β‐sheet amyloid fibrils also associated with neurodegenerative diseases. A new paradigm observed in PEG‐F6 amyloid‐like fibers is reported, which demonstrates unique FL and optical absorption (OA) covering the entire visible region. Despite the full overlap of the FL and OA spectra, the FL propagates for an unexpectedly large distance of hundreds of micrometers in these fibers. A new non‐waveguiding mechanism of FL light energy transfer in amyloidogenic fibers is proposed based on photon reabsorption theory. The discovered quasi‐white FL of PEG‐F6 β‐sheet amyloidogenic fibers and films consists of the newly observed green FL band along the known blue FL band. The proof‐of‐concept of long sub‐millimeter range FL propagation in specially grown amyloidogenic PEG‐F6 fiber‐photonic probes is reported. The results indicate that FL can propagate in nanoscale fibers and suggest biomedical applications for FL monitoring of disease‐related ultrathin amyloid fibrils and in integrated photonics for optogenetics.
Printed, Low‐Voltage, All‐Organic Transistors and Complementary Circuits on Paper Substrate
Authors: Casula Giulia , Lai Stefano , Matino Laura , Santoro Francesca , Bonfiglio Annalisa , Cosseddu Piero
Published: March 2020

Paper is drawing considerable attention as a possible alternative to plastic for the development of flexible electronics. Indeed, in order to reduce excessive plastic consumption and waste, paper is attractive thanks to its renewable nature, low cost, ubiquity, and flexibility. A simple, cost‐effective, and low‐temperature approach, based on inkjet‐printing, is presented for the development of low‐voltage, all‐organic field‐effect transistors on commercial paper. Both n‐ and p‐type transistors are developed with reproducible electrical performances, such as low operating voltages (not exceeding 5 V) and quasi‐zero threshold voltages. Moreover, the fabricated devices are characterized by a remarkable mechanical stability, as they can be deformed even at small bending radii without any significant degradation of their performances. Finally, as a proof‐of‐concept for this technology, complementary electronic circuits are fabricated and tested as basic building blocks for future development of complex flexible electronics on paper.
Unterschätzte Farbzentren: Defekte als nützliche Reduktionsmittel in Lanthanid‐dotierten lumineszenten Materialien
Authors: Suta Markus , Lavoie‐Cardinal Flavie , Wickleder Claudia
Published: March 2020

Anorganische Wirtsverbindungen wie SrB4O7 oder ausgewählte Nitride können Eu2+ intrinsisch stabilisieren, selbst wenn Eu3+‐Ausgangsmaterialien und keine reduzierenden Bedingungen in der Synthese genutzt werden. Obwohl dies im Bereich der Leuchtstoffsynthese bekannt ist, sind mechanistische Details nur unzureichend verstanden. Hier zeigen wir, dass lokalisierte Ladungsträger wie Farbzentren auch als Redoxpartner agieren können, um bestimmte Oxidationszustände von Aktivatoren zu stabilisieren. Die Eu‐dotierten Verbindungen CsMgCl3 und CsMgBr3 dienen als Beispiele. Selbst bei gezielter Dotierung mit EuCl3 und Ausschluss reduzierender Bedingungen kann aufgrund von Eu2+ cyane bzw. grüne Lumineszenz beobachtet werden. Photolumineszenzspektroskopie bei 10 K zeigte, dass diese intrinsische Reduktion mit Farbzentren korreliert, die an Verunreinigungen lokalisiert sind. Obgleich Defekte in Leuchtstoffen unerwünscht sind, zeigt diese Studie, dass ihre Rolle oft unterschätzt wird und sie gezielt in der Präparation ausgewählter anorganischer Leuchtstoffe genutzt werden könnten.
Exploring the Limits of Transition‐Metal Fluorination at High Pressures
Authors: Lin Jianyan , Du Xin , Rahm Martin , Yu Hong , Xu Haiyang , Yang Guochun
Published: March 2020

Fluorination is a proven method for challenging the limits of chemistry, both structurally and electronically. Here we explore computationally how pressures below 300 GPa affect the fluorination of several transition metals. A plethora of new structural phases are predicted along with the possibility for synthesizing four unobserved compounds: TcF7, CdF3, OsF8, and IrF8. The Ir and Os octaflourides are both predicted to be stable as quasi‐molecular phases with an unusual cubic ligand coordination, and both compounds formally correspond to a high oxidation state of +8. Electronic‐structure analysis reveals that otherwise unoccupied 6p levels are brought down in energy by the combined effects of pressure and a strong ligand field. The valence expansion of Os and Ir enables ligand‐to‐metal F 2p→M 6p charge transfer that strengthens M−F bonds and decreases the overall bond polarity. The lower stability of IrF8, and the instability of PtF8 and several other compounds below 300 GPa, is explained by the occupation of M−F antibonding orbitals in octafluorides with a metal‐valence‐electron count exceeding 8.