bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reducing Workplace Exposure to 1-Bromopropane
Authors: Chalupka Stephanie
Published: January 2017

Occupational exposure to the solvent 1-Bromopropane (1-BP) used in degreasing, dry cleaning, spray adhesives, and aerosol solvents has been linked to neurological illnesses.
Determining Safe Limits for Significant Task Parameters during Manual Lifting
Authors: Singh Ravindra Pratrap , Batish Ajay , Singh Tejinder Pal
Published: January 2017

This experimental study investigated the effect of lifting task parameters (i.e., lifting weight, frequency, coupling, asymmetric angle, and vertical, horizontal, and travel distances) for various dynamic human lifting activities on the ground reaction forces of workers. Ten male workers loaded containers from different levels asymmetrically during experimental trials. The experimental design evolved using Taguchi's Fractional Factorial Experiments. Three factors (lifting weight, frequency, and vertical distance) were observed to be significant. The results showed that vertical reaction forces increase when workers lift weight from floor to shoulder height frequently. It was also observed that instantaneous loading rate increases with more weight, vertical distance, and frequency; a significant extra loading rate is required to change the lower level of load, frequency, and vertical distance to higher levels. Safe limits for significant factors were determined to result in optimal performance of the manual lifting task.
The Role of Speed in ADHD-Related Working Memory Deficits
Authors: Weigard Alexander , Huang-Pollock Cynthia
Published: January 2017

Several recent commentaries suggest that, for psychological science to move beyond “homuncular” explanations for cognitive control, it is critically important to examine the role of basic and computationally well-defined processes (e.g. cognitive processing speed). Correlational evidence has previously linked slow speed to working memory (WM) deficits in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), but the directionality of this relationship has not been investigated experimentally and the mechanisms through which speed may influence WM are unclear. Herein, we demonstrate in school-aged children with and without ADHD that manipulating speed (indexed with the diffusion model) within a WM paradigm reduces WM capacity due to an increase in cognitive load, in a manner that is consistent with predictions of the time-based resource-sharing model of WM. Results suggest slow speed is a plausible cause of WM deficits in ADHD, provide a mechanistic account of this relationship, and urge the exploration of nonexecutive neurocognitive processes in clinical research on etiology.
No Rest for the Weary: The Weight of Race, Gender, and Place inside and outside a Southern Classroom
Authors: Combs Barbara Harris
Published: January 2017

In this article, I reflect on my lived experience as an African American woman teaching in the racialized and gendered context of a predominantly white institution (PWI) in the Deep South. I use the context of a southern campus in the Deep South to provide insight into the ways place, race, and gender continue to shape experiences of people of color and in so doing highlight the fallacy that the United States is a colorblind or post-racial society. To do so, I utilize counter-storytelling—a tool advanced by critical race theory (CRT) scholars; while CRT is useful to understand the conditions that produce the unequal weight borne by faculty of color, it is insufficient to understand the social processes that create and maintain it. I argue that the dynamic nature of racism requires new theoretical approaches to understand it. For this, I advance a new theory—bodies out of place (BOP). I utilize my narrative to provide greater clarity regarding how BOP fills gaps left by CRT and other racial ideologies. My narrative illustrates how the intersections of race, gender, and place can operate to create a disproportionate burden (professionally, personally, physically, and psychologically) on faculty women of color. Ironically, I conclude that this disproportionate burden often falls on a continuum between empowering and encumbering. However, both ends of the spectrum contribute to racial battle fatigue.
Trust reality-mining: evidencing the role of friendship for trust diffusion
Authors: Farrahi Katayoun , Zia Kashif
Published: January 2017

Value sensitive design is driven by the motivation of making social and moral values central to the development of ICT systems. Among the most challenging concerns when imparting shared values like accountability, transparency, liberty, fairness and trust into information technology are reliable and comprehensive formal and computational models of those values. This paper, educated by trust theories and models from cognitive science, social sciences and artificial intelligence, proposes a novel stochastic computational model of trust, encapsulating abstractions of human cognitive capabilities and empirically evidenced social interaction patterns. Qualitative and quantitative features of trust are identified, upon which our formal model is phrased. Reality mining methods are used to validate the model based on a real life community dataset. We analyze the time-varying dynamics of the interaction and communication patterns of the community, consider varying types of relationships as well as their symmetry. Social network data analysis shows that our model better fits the evolved friendships compared to a well designed synthetic trust model, which is used as the baseline.
Carotid Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Davidovic Lazar , Kostic Dusan , Maksimovic Zivan , Markovic Dragan , Vasic Dragan , Markovic Miroslav , Duvnjak Stevo , Jakovljevic Nenad
Published: January 2017

We present the treatment of 17 extracranial carotid artery aneurysms in 16 patients (1 patient had bilateral lesions). There were 15 (93.75%) male patients and 1 (6.25%) female patient, with an average age of 64.8 years. Two (11.8%) aneurysms involved the common carotid artery and 15 (88.2%) the internal carotid artery. Two (11.8%) aneurysms presented with rupture, 3 (17.6%) as an asymptomatic mass, 2 (11.8%) with cranial nerve compression, 6 (35.3%) with transient ischemic attack, and 4 (23.5%) with stroke. The following surgical procedures were performed: extirpation with 8 mm Dacron graft replacement, 5 (29.4%) cases; extirpation with end-to-end anastomosis, 8 (47.1%) cases; extirpation with saphenous vein graft replacement, 3 (17.6%) cases; and ligature of the internal carotid artery, 1 (5.9%) case. One (5.9%) patient died postoperatively owing to stroke. Including this case, 3 (17.6%) patients had a postoperative stroke, whereas 2 (11.8%) patients had transient cranial nerve damage. Sixteen surviving patients were followed from 2 months to 15 years (mean 5 years, 3 months). During this period, 1 patient died 5 years postoperatively owing to a myocardial infarction, whereas all other patients were alive and free of neurologic symptoms. Extracranial carotid artery aneurysms are rare. However, they are of medical importance because of their location, differential diagnosis, natural history, complications, and treatment.
Epidemiology of Surgically Treated Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in the United States, 1988 to 2000
Authors: Wainess Reid M. , Dimick Justin B. , Cowan John A. , Henke Peter K. , Stanley James C. , Upchurch Gilbert R.
Published: January 2017

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair is a complex procedure about which little information exists regarding trends in surgical practice in the United States. This study was undertaken to define benchmark data regarding performance and outcomes of conventional AAA repair that might be used in comparisons with endovascular AAA repair data. Patients undergoing repair of intact ( n = 87,728) or ruptured ( n = 16,295) AAAs in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) for 1988 to 2000 were studied. The NIS represents a 20% stratified random sample of all discharges from US hospitals. Unadjusted and case mix-adjusted analyses of in-hospital mortality and length of stay were performed. The overall frequency of intact AAA repair remained relatively stable during the study period, ranging from 18.1 to 16.3 operations/100,000 adults between 1988 and 2000, respectively. The operative mortality rate for intact AAA repair decreased significantly ( p < .001) from 6.5% in 1988 to 4.3% in 2000. Length of stay following intact AAA repair also declined significantly ( p < .001) from a median of 11 days in 1988 (interquartile range [IQR] 9-15 days) to 7 days in 2000 (IQR 5–10 days). The incidence of ruptured AAA repair decreased significantly ( p < .001) from 4.2 to 2.6 operations/100,000 adults between 1988 and 2000, respectively. Mortality for ruptured AAA repair, averaging 45.6%, did not decrease significantly during the study period. Intact AAA repair by conventional means has become increasingly safe, with decreased operative mortality and shorter hospital stays. Ruptured AAA repair by conventional means has not become safer but has decreased in incidence, suggesting possible reductions in risk factors contributing to rupture, coupled with more timely intact AAA repairs.
Giant Femoropopliteal Artery Aneurysm and Vein Rupture
Authors: Rossi Fabio H. , Veith Frank.J. , Lipsitz Evan C. , Izukawa Nilo M. , Oliveira Lannes A. V. , Silva Domingos G.
Published: January 2017

Atherosclerotic popliteal aneurysms are the most common peripheral artery aneurysms. Thrombosis, embolization, rupture, and compression of adjacent structures are well-known complications. We report a patient with a giant thigh hematoma and a pulsatile mass thought to be a ruptured popliteal artery aneurysm. It proved to be an unruptured 8.5 cm femoropopliteal aneurysm with avulsed and bleeding adjacent veins, the source of the hematoma. This constitutes the first known report of this unusual complication.
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm with Aortocaval Fistula and a Separate Retroperitoneal Rupture
Authors: Dauphine Christine , Kovar Jeffrey , Donayre Carlos , Virgilio Christian de
Published: January 2017

The occurrence of an aortocaval fistula (ACF) secondary to an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is uncommon and is often undiagnosed prior to AAA repair. Clinical signs may be subtle or absent; therefore, diagnosis requires a high suspicion and knowledge of this phenomenon. We present a case of the rarest form of ACF (type 4) in which an AAA and an occult ACF were associated with a second site of retroperitoneal rupture. The ruptured AAA and ACF were successfully managed with fistula ligation and aortic graft placement.
Thigh Compartment Syndrome: Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment
Authors: Heidepriem Robert W. , Frey Shields E. , Robinson Derek , Tapscott William J. , Spence Richard K.
Published: January 2017

Thigh compartment syndrome is uncommon and may go unrecognized. Signs and symptoms include a history of thigh swelling and/or hematoma and pain after minor injury in a patient who is anticoagulated. Surgical approaches to the deep thigh compartments are described.
Increasing nomenclatural stability by preventing the introduction of long‐forgotten names that will compete with ones in use: A solution must be found, and soon
Authors: Smith Gideon F. , Figueiredo Estrela , Moore Gerry
Published: January 2017

The recording of previously undetected or overlooked, effectively and validly published names from long‐forgotten literature, their absorption into datasets, such as the International Plant Names Index (IPNI) and Tropicos, widely accessible electronically through the worldwide web, and subsequent adoption as accepted names in the literature, have an undeniably destabilizing impact on plant nomenclature. It is critically important that a way be found soon to prevent such names, which are sometimes, but not always, laboriously proposed for rejection from disrupting the stability of the names in use for organisms covered by the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. For effect to be given to such a preventative system, the establishment and formal recognition of a designated online database of names of families, genera, and species published up to 1970 for vascular plants is of the utmost importance. One way to institute such a system would be to make the inclusion, on a specific date, of a plant name in that database—we propose IPNI—a condition for valid publication for names that are retrieved from literature published prior to 1 January 1970. We argue that this system, based on IPNI 2020, should be implemented on 1 January 2020. Until then the work being done to sanitize existing indices of plant names must continue unabated.
Treatment of Dacron Grafting Dilatation with Endovascular Stent Graftıng
Authors: Ugurlucan Murat , Oztas Didem , Onal Yilmaz , Canbay Cagla , Sayin Omer , Barburoglu Mehmet , Filik Muslum , Ocal Deniz , Buget Mehmet , Acunas Bulent , Alpagut Ufuk
Published: January 2017

Dacron grafts are frequently used during surgical revascularization procedures. Complications including graft thrombosis and infection are well known; however, aneurysm formation is extremely rare. In this report, we describe dilatation of a Dacron graft detected four years after aortobifemoral bypass procedure in a 50-year-old male patient who was treated with endovascular stent grafting.
Lower Aorto-Iliac Bifurcation Position and Incident Cardiovascular Disease: A Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Forbang Nketi , Allison Matthew , Criqui Michael
Published: January 2017

Background:
With increasing age, a downward shift of the aorto-iliac bifurcation relative to the lumbar spine occurs. A lower bifurcation position is an independent marker for adverse vascular aging and is associated with increased burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors; however, the associations between lower bifurcation position and CVD events remain unknown.

Methods:
Abdominal computed tomography scans were used to measure the aorto-iliac bifurcation distance (AIBD, distance from the aorto-iliac bifurcation to the L5/S1 disc space). Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to determine the independent hazard of a lower bifurcation position (smaller AIBD) for incident coronary heart disease (CHD, defined as myocardial infarction, resuscitated cardiac arrest, or sudden cardiac death), CVD (CHD plus stroke or stroke death), and all-cause mortality (ACM).

Results:
In the 1,711 study participants (51% male), the mean AIBD was 26 ± 15 mm. After a median follow-up of 10 years, 63 (3.7%) developed CHD, 100 (5.8%) developed CVD, and 129 (7.5%) were deceased. Compared to the 4th quartile of AIBD (highest bifurcation position), participants in the 1st quartile (lowest bifurcation position) had increased risk for CHD (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8-3.0, P = 0.2), CVD (HR = 1.8, 95% CI: 0.9-2.7, P = 0.1), and ACM (HR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.3-3.6, P = 0.01). After adjustments for CVD risk factors, the HR for ACM was no longer significant.

Conclusion:
Despite being an independent marker for adverse vascular changes in the aorta, a lower aorto-iliac bifurcation position was not independently associated with future CVD events. The opposing effects of atherosclerosis and stiffness in the aorta may, in part, explain our null findings.
The potential of understorey plants from Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (West Java, Indonesia) as cervixs anticancer agents
Authors: ARBIASTUTIE YANIETA , MARSONO DJOKO , HARTATI MAE SRI , PURWANTO RISHADI
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Arbiastutie Y, Marsono Dj, Hartati MS, Purwanto R. 2017. The potential of understorey plants from Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (West Java, Indonesia) as cervixs anticancer agents. Biodiversitas 18: 109-115. This study aims to screening 97 species obtained from the understorey plants of The Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park of West Java, Indonesia as the anticancer cervixs agents. The anticancer plant activity is determined by the cytotoxicity assay of understorey plant methanol extracts against HeLa cervixs cancer cells using MTT test method. IC50 which is an indicator of cytotoxicity is determined by the probit analysis. The results show that of the 97 plants tested, there are five potential anticancer plants i.e. Physalis peruvianaL. (Solanaceae), Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray (Asteraceae), Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae), Clidema hirta (L). D.Don (Lamiaceae), and Solanum torvum Sw (Solananceae) with IC50 values of 67.85 Âµg/mL, 3.38 Âµg/mL, 43.54 Âµg/mL, 36.93 Âµg/mL, and 59.09 Âµg/mL respectively. The phytochemical compound find five understorey plants consisting of alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, phenol, flavonoids and tannin.

Keywords: Anticancer, Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, HeLa, MTT assay, understorey plant
Status of sea turtle populations and its conservation at Birdâ€™s Head Seascape, Western Papua, Indonesia
Authors: TAPILATU RICARDO F. , WONA HENGKI , BATUBARA PETRUS P.
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Tapilatu RF, Wona H, Batubara PP. 2017. Status of sea turtle populations and its conservation at Birdâ€™s Head Seascape, Western Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 129-136. Birdâ€™s Head Seascape region in the northwest of Papua contains the worldâ€™s highest marine biodiversity. The area is a unique site which contains a full range of marine and coastal habitats that are important for the breeding, foraging and migration of several species of sea turtles. This survey aimed to characterize critical habitats that are in use by sea turtles across Yapen, Wondama, Manokwari and Kaimana at Birdâ€™s Head Seascape and to assess existing and potential threats to both habitats and population. Eight beaches were inspected for evidence of nesting and predation and anecdotal information was collected through interviews with 121 fishermen at 23 villages. â€¨The survey confirmed the occurrence of hard-shelled turtles: Green (Chelonia mydas), Olive-ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) and Hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) nesting and foraging populations. In addition, the critically endangered leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) is occasionally seen by fishermen. Sea turtles have long been a source of protein for locals. The predictability of the timing and location of turtle abundance exposes nesting populations to long-term subsistence exploitation that cannot be sustained by these populations. Protection of significant rookeries is seen as the best conservation option for sea turtles in the Birdâ€™s Head Seascape region. It is strongly recommended that these areas should be considered in any conservation initiative in order to maintain the sustainable population (s) in the Birdâ€™s Head Seascape.

Keywords: Birdâ€™s Head Seascape, Chelonia mydas, conservation, Dermochelys coriacea, Eretmochelys imbricata, Lepidochelys olivacea
Application of Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard to organize island ecosystem: the Abu Musa Island, Persian Gulf case study
Authors: ZARE ROUHOLLAH , SINAEI MAHMOOD , SHAKOURI ARASH , KOURANDEH MEHDI BOLOUKI , GERAMI MOHAMMAD HASAN
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Zare R, SinaeiM, ShakouriA, KourandehMB, GeramiMH. 2017. Application of Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard to organize island ecosystem: the Abu Musa Island, Persian Gulf case study. Biodiversitas 18: 153-159. A first step in marine conservation plans is to identify and classify habitat types. These classifications should be scientificallyrigorous with high application. The Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) is a nested, hierarchical framework that applies a uniform set of rules that have a high capacity in marine habitats classifications. In this study, this capacity was tested for the Abu Musa Island ecosystem, Persian Gulf. The Surface Geology Component and the Biotic CoverComponent were analyzed and encoded with the given instructions. In total, 21 codes were determined for benthic communities and 19 codes for geoform component, which showed high diversity of habitats and variety of biotopes in this island.Finally, results indicated that the CMECS approach was successful in Abu Musa habitat classification. In addition, results were very useful for sustainable development especially for ecotourism plans.

Keywords: Abu Musa Island, CMECS, ecotourism, habitat classification
Morphological characteristics and molecular identification of a wild Thai isolate of the tropical mushroom Hed Taen Rad (Macrocybe crassa)
Authors: INYOD TANAPAK , SASSANARAKIT SURIYA , PAYAPANON ACHARA , KEAWSOMPONG SUTTIPUN
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Inyod I, SassanarakitS, PayapanonA, Keawsompong S. 2017. Morphological characteristics and molecular identification of a wild Thai isolate of the tropical mushroom Hed Taen Rad (Macrocybe crassa). Biodiversitas 18: 221-228. Hed Taen Rad or Macrocybe crassa is a wild edible mushroom found in Thailand. It has a large fruiting body with a meaty texture and a delicious taste. Five strains of Hed Taen Rad; DOA, DOA-1, DOA-4, DOA-7 and DOA-10 were tested in different media, pH values and temperatures to measure mycelium growth kinetics and identify mycelia and basidiomata. Results indicated that mushroom mycelial growth rates were highest on MEA medium at pH values between 8 and 10, and temperatures between 20Â°C and 30Â°C. Identification of the isolates was based on the morphology characteristics of the basidiomata were closely similar to M. crassa (Berk.), and different from M. gigantea (Massee). For molecular analysis by sequencing of their internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions was identified as a T. giganteum since limited ITS rDNA sequences from M. crassa exist in public databases. Therefore, the identification of five strains of Hed Taen Rad using molecular methods could be erroneous. Therefore, morphology characteristics study is suitable for further analysis method on genetic study of Hed Taen Rad.

Keywords: Hed Taen Rad, Macrocybe crassa, molecular analysis, morphological characteristics
Differential response of roots growth of soybean germplasm under low pH and manganese toxicity
Authors: KUSWANTORO HERU
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Kuswantoro H. 2016. Differential response of roots growth of soybean germplasm under low pH and manganese toxicity. Biodiversitas 18: 257-262. Most of Indonesia dry land are covered by acid soil. The growth and development of the plant in this acid soil cope with low pH and micronutrients toxicity. The objective of this research was to study the response of root growth of soybean germplams to low pH and manganese toxicity. Nine soybean germplasm were treated in aquadest with pH 7 as control, aquadest with pH 4, and 75 ppm Mn with pH 4 in Seed Laboratory of Indonesian Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute, Malang, Indonesia. Results showed that root length, number of lateral roots, root dry weight were lower in low pH and Mn toxicity than in the control. Shoot dry weight, hypocotyl length and epicotyl length were not influenced by low pH and Mn toxicity. Some genotypes showed increasing root length in low pH, and increasing number of lateral roots and root dry weight in Mn toxicity. Based on the acid soil adaptation index (ASAI) on root length, MLGG 0493 and MLGG 0496 showed the highest value index in three comparative conditions. The genotype of MLGG 0496 also showed the highest ASAI value on numbers of lateral root in three comparative conditions. MLGG 0494 achieved the highest ASAI value of root dry weight. However, the use of root dry weight as a criterion in soybean adaptation in low pH and Mn toxicity should be studied further because the tolerance is not just in increasing root dry weight as a result of root thickening.

Keywords: ASAI, germplasm, low pH, Mn toxicity, root growth, soybean
Short Communication: CPUE, CPUA and distribution patterns of four demersal fishes in coastal waters of the northern Persian Gulf, Iran
Authors: ZEINALI FAROKHZAD , KAMRANI EHSAN , PARSA MEHRAN
Published: January 2017

Zeinali F, Kamrani E, Parsa M. 2017. Short Communication: CPUE, CPUA and distribution patterns of four demersal fishes in coastal waters of the northern Persian Gulf, Iran. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 12-17. CPUE, CPUA and distribution patterns of Pampus argenteus, Otolithes ruber, Nemipterus japonicas and Saurida tumbil along the coastal waters of Hormozgan province were investigated. The mean CPUE values for P. argenteus in 0-10 m and 10-20 m depth layers was significantly different (P<0.05). The highest and lowest mean CPUE of S. tumbil were observed in 20-30 m and 0-10 m depth layers, respectively. The highest mean CPUA for P. argenteus was found in 0-10 m depth layer, with a descending trend with increasing the depth. The highest CPUA of O. ruber was observed in 10-20 m depth layer, but the mean CPUA values was not significant among depth layers (P>0.05). The mean CPUA for N. japonicas was relatively high in 30-40 m depth layer and markedly lower in 0-10 m depth layer as the shallowest depth layer. The highest and lowest mean CPUA of S. tumbil were observed in 20-30 m depth layer and 0-10 m depth layer, respectively.
The benefit of top soil and fertilizer mixture to improve the ex-coal mining land
Authors: SOPIALENA SOPIALENA , ROSFIANSYAH ROSFIANSYAH , SILA SURYA
Published: January 2017

Sopialena, Rosfiansyah, Sila S. 2017. The benefit of top soil and fertilizer mixture to improve the ex-coal mining land. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 36-43. The mining activities have led severe impacts on some environmental issues including a decrease in soil fertility, which affects the ability of soil to supply soil nutrients to growing plants, a destruction in soil structure, and the loss of microorganisms, which are important for reforming process to treat organic materials. In this regards, reclamation of mined degraded land has been continually used to improve soil structure and its microorganisms. In practice, for large scale reclamation, fertilizer use can primarily enhance soil qualities in improving plantâ€™s growth and yield. It is suggested that healthy soil should contain millions of microorganisms at the aggregation which leads to the improvement of soil nutrients and its structure, as the medium for plant growth. For this purpose, therefore, this study aimed to determine the impact of organic fertilizer (Ostindo) and top soil mixture on microbial diversity, soil fertility and the growth of sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen). This study made use of a randomized block design, using four treatments and five replications including P0: without top soil and fertilizer, P1: with top soil but without fertilizer, P2: without top soil but with fertilizer, P3: mixture of top soil and fertilizer. The results showed that a mixture of top soil and fertilizer has successfully increased in the number of fungal genus, starting from two genus (Phytium and Penicillium) turning into five genus (Phytium, Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Rhizoctonia), as well as in the number of nematode genus, from two (Dorylaimus and Rhabditis) turning into five genus (Dorylaimus, Steinernema, Dorylaimus, Hoplolaimus, and Mononchus). This study indicated that the mixture has significantly improved soil health in ex-coal mining land, which was viable through the pH level (almost neutral), the significant increase of C, N and P2O5 , and also the growth of Sengon. In conclusion, this study succeeds in demonstrating that the mixture of top soil and fertilizer has enhanced the microbial diversity, soil fertility, and sengon growth.
Paper-Based MicroRNA Expression Profiling from Plasma and Circulating Tumor Cells
Authors: Leong Sai Mun , Tan Karen Mei-Ling , Chua Hui Wen , Huang Mo-Chao , Cheong Wai Chye , Li Mo-Huang , Tucker Steven , Koay Evelyn Siew-Chuan
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND

Molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) holds great promise for monitoring metastatic progression and characterizing metastatic disease. However, leukocyte and red blood cell contamination of routinely isolated CTCs makes CTC-specific molecular characterization extremely challenging.

METHODS

Here we report the use of a paper-based medium for efficient extraction of microRNAs (miRNAs) from limited amounts of biological samples such as rare CTCs harvested from cancer patient blood. Specifically, we devised a workflow involving the use of Flinders Technology Associates (FTA)® Elute Card with a digital PCR-inspired “partitioning” method to extract and purify miRNAs from plasma and CTCs.

RESULTS

We demonstrated the sensitivity of this method to detect miRNA expression from as few as 3 cancer cells spiked into human blood. Using this method, background miRNA expression was excluded from contaminating blood cells, and CTC-specific miRNA expression profiles were derived from breast and colorectal cancer patients. Plasma separated out during purification of CTCs could likewise be processed using the same paper-based method for miRNA detection, thereby maximizing the amount of patient-specific information that can be derived from a single blood draw.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, this paper-based extraction method enables an efficient, cost-effective workflow for maximized recovery of small RNAs from limited biological samples for downstream molecular analyses.
Pengetahuan Orangtua Mengenai Obat Puyer di Poliklinik Umum Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak FKUI-RSCM
Authors: Soedibyo Soepardi , Koesnandar Effie
Published: January 2017

Latar belakang. Obat puyer telah lazim diterima oleh masyarakat, hal ini tidak terlepas dari kebiasaan dokter yang sering meresepkannya. Peresepan obat puyer mulai banyak dikritisi, bahkan menjadi topik menarik saat diseminarkan. Dalam era evidence based medicine (EBM) saat ini, peresepan obat puyer perlu dikaji kembali sehingga sesuai dengan kaidah praktik peresepan dan pembuatan obat yang baik.Tujuan. Mengetahui bagaimana pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku orangtua yang datang ke Poliklinik Umum Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak FKUI-RSCM mengenai peresepan obat puyer.Metode. Desain studi deskriptif cross sectional, pengambilan sampel secara konsekutif dilakukan selama bulan Juni 2008, dengan menggunakan kuesioner sederhana yang berisi 10 pertanyaan. Subjek penelitian adalah orangtua pasien yang datang pada periode penelitian dan bersedia mengisi kuesioner penelitian.Hasil. Dari 119 responden, 111 responden (93,3%) diantaranya pernah mendapatkan obat puyer. Sebaran umur, pendidikan, dan pekerjaan responden, berturut-turut didapatkan responden berusia >30-40 tahun (57,1%), pendidikan kategori sedang (59,7%), dan mempunyai status bekerja (65,5%). Sebaran responden lebih banyak pada umur anak antara 1-5 tahun (47,1%), jumlah anak 1-3 orang (85,0%), jumlah obat dalam satu puyer lebih dari satu macam (64,9%), dan obat diperoleh di apotik (59,5%). Responden yang tidak menyukai obat puyer (58,6%), terutama responden, berturut-turut (57,7%), (56,8%), dan (62,2%) menyatakan harga obat, kemanjuran, dan ketepatan dosis obat puyer sama saja dengan obat sirup.Kesimpulan. Hampir semua responden pernah mendapatkan obat puyer. Responden lebih banyak yang menyatakan tidak menyukai obat puyer, serta menilai harga, kemanjuran dan ketepatan dosis obat puyer sama saja dengan obat sirup.
Karakteristik Klinis Lupus Eritematosus Sistemik pada Anak
Authors: Sudewi Ni Putu , Kurniati Nia , Suyoko EM Dadi , Munasir Zakiudin , Akib Arwin AP
Published: January 2017

Latar belakang. Manifestasi klinis Lupus Eriternatosus Sistemik (LES) sangat bervariasi sehinggaseringkali menyulitkan penegakan diagnosis. Skor aktivitas penyakit dan kerusakan organ belumditerapkan dalam pemantauan sehari-hari.Tujuan. Mengetahui karakteristik pasien anak dengan LES yang berobat ke Departemen Ilmu KesehatanAnak (IKA) RSCM.Metode. Penelitian retrospektif deskriptif dengan data didapatkan dari rekam medik anak dengan LESperiode 1 Januari 1995-31 Desember 2008.Hasil. Dari 27 rekam medik yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian, tidak ada subjek berusia dibawah 5 tahun dan hampir seluruhnya perempuan. Manifestasi klinis terbanyak adalah ruammalar, artritis, artralgia, fotosensitivitas, dan demam. Kadar anti ds-DNA pada sebagian besarpasien menunjukkan peningkatan bermakna. Seluruh pasien mendapat kortikosteroid oral sebagaiterapi inisial. Skor SLEDAI dan ACR Damage Index meningkat pada subjek dengan perjalananpenyakit yang progresif.Kesimpulan. Karakteristik pasien LES pada penelitian ini sesuai denga kepustakaan. Pemantauanpenyakit dengan skor bermanfaat dalam mencegah kerusakan organ.
Status Gizi pada Pasien Diare Akut di Ruang Rawat Inap Anak RSUD SoE, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan, NTT
Authors: Primayani Desi
Published: January 2017

Latar belakang. Status gizi memiliki hubungan erat dengan kejadian diare akut pada anak. Selain merupakankomplikasi, status gizi buruk juga merupakan faktor penyebab diare.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan status gizi pasien diare dengan lama hari rawat inap sebagai ukuran cepatkepulihan.Metode. Studi retrospektif terhadap 53 pasien diare anak dengan menilai status gizi (dikelompokkan menjadistatus gizi normal, kurang, dan buruk) dan mencari korelasinya terhadap lama hari rawat inap (digolongkanmenjadi kurang dari lima hari, dan lebih/ sama dengan lima hari).Hasil. Perbandingan sampel yang menjalani rawat inap kurang dari lima hari terhadap yang menjalani rawatinap lebih/ sama dengan lima hari pada status gizi baik, kurang, dan buruk, secara berturut-turut adalah15 terhadap 8, 11 terhadap 10, dan 4 terhadap 5. Pembuktian dengan uji Spearman’s rank menunjukkankorelasi negatif dengan koefisien korelasi yang sangat rendah (-0,261).Kesimpulan. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara status gizi pasien diare dengan lama hari rawat inap.
Pola Defekasi Bayi Usia 7-12 Bulan, Hubungannya dengan Gizi Buruk, dan Penurunan Berat Badan Serta Persepsi Ibu
Authors: Salwan Hasri , Kesumawati Retno
Published: January 2017

Latar belakang. Pola defekasi bayi khas dan pada umur 6–12 bulan terjadi peralihan pola defekasi.Gangguan pola defekasi pada rentang umur ini dapat menyebabkan konstipasi fungsional dan diare kronikdi kemudian hari. Gangguan pola defekasi dapat berhubungan dengan gizi buruk dan penurunan beratbadan (BB) serta persepsi ibu.Tujuan. Mengetahui pola defekasi bayi umur 7–12 bulan dan hubungannya dengan gizi buruk dan penurunanBB, serta persepsi ibu.Metode. Penelitian potong lintang terhadap bayi umur 7-12 bulan yang datang ke Puskesmas dan Posyandudi kota Palembang pada bulan April sampai September 2009. Pola defekasi meliputi frekuensi defekasi,konsistensi feses (berdasarkan Bristol Stool Scale), dan warna feses. Gangguan pola defekasi meliputi kriteriadifinisi diare dan batasan konstipasi.Hasil. Subjek penelitian 303 bayi. Rerata frekuensi defeksi 1,63 kali perhari (95%KI=1,56-1,70). Konsistensilunak (tipe 3-5) 177 subjek (54,4%), keras (tipe 1,2) 70 subjek (23,1%), dan seperti bubur (tipe 6) 56 subjek(18,5%). Sesuai batasan diare, 11 subjek (3,6%), dan konstipasi 7 subjek (2,3%). Gangguan pola defekasiberhubungan dengan persepsi ibu (p=0,00, OR:95%KI: 6,55:2,41-17,85), tetapi tidak dengan gizi burukdan penurunan BB (p=0,72, OR:95%KI 1,26:0,35-4,56).Kesimpulan. Gangguan pola defekasi bayi umur 7-12 bulan terjadi pada 5,9%, 3,6% sesuai dengan diaremenurut WHO, dan 2,3% sesuai batasan konstipasi. Gangguan pola defekasi tidak berhubungan dengangizi buruk atau penurunan berat badan, namun berhubungan dengan persepsi ibu.
Hubungan Kekerapan Transfusi Darah dengan Kejadian Kolelitiasis dan Biliary Sludge pada Pasien Talassemia Mayor Anak
Authors: Jaya Dandy Utama , Reniarti Lelani , Chairulfatah Alex
Published: January 2017

Latar belakang. Kolelitiasis (batu kandung empedu) merupakan penyakit kandung empedu yang dapatterjadi pada talassemia. Biliary sludge (pelumpuran kandung empedu) merupakan keadaan yang dapatmenjadi kolelitiasis. Perubahan fungsi kandung empedu akibat penumpukan besi dan peningkatan kadarbilirubin serum akan mempermudah terjadinya kolelitiasis dan biliary sludge.Tujuan.Mengetahui hubungan kekerapan transfusi darah dengan kejadian kolelitiasis dan biliary sludgepada talassemia mayor anak.Metode. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan analitik cross-sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah pasienthalassemia mayor anak di Poliklinik Talassemia RS Hasan Sadikin Bandung berusia 5−14 tahun pada bulanJuni−Agustus 2010. Pada setiap subjek dilakukan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisis, pemeriksaan kadar feritindan bilirubin indirek serum serta pemeriksaan ultrasonografi hepatobilier. Analisis statistik menggunakanuji komparasi eksak Fisher, uji t tidak berpasangan dan uji Mann-Whitney.Hasil. Sejumlah 60 subjek memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Kadar rata-rata feritin serum dan bilirubin indirekserum pada subjek yang mengalami kolelitiasis dan biliary sludge dibandingkan dengan yang tidak mengalami,tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang bermakna secara uji statistik (5682 vs 5113,9; 1,19 vs 1,12; p>0,05). Didapatkan6/60 subjek yang mengalami kolelitiasis dan biliary sludge, yaitu 3/60 subjek mengalami kolelitiasis,2/60 subjek mengalami biliary sludge dan 1/60 subjek mengalami kolelitiasis dan biliary sludge Ditemukanperbedaan yang bermakna pada kejadian kolelitiasis dan biliary sludge antara pasien yang mendapat intervaltransfusi darah 􀁤3 minggu dibandingkan dengan >3 minggu (p<0,05).Kesimpulan. Terdapat hubungan kekerapan transfusi darah dengan kejadian kolelitiasis dan biliary sludgepadatalassemia mayor anak.
Hubungan Fungsi Tiroid dengan Energy Expenditure pada Remaja
Authors: Mexitalia Maria , Fahmi Isfandiyar , Susanto Rudy- , Yamauchi Taro
Published: January 2017

Latar belakang. Hormon tiroid adalah hormon yang dihasilkan oleh kelenjar tiroid yang berfungsi untukmensintesis hormon tiroksin (T4) dan 3,5,3 triodotironine (T3). Tiroid diatur oleh thyroid stimulatinghormone (TSH), glikoprotein yang diproduksi dan disekresi kelenjar hipofisis anterior. Dilaporkan bahwahormon TSH meningkat pada obesitas, sedangkan FT3 dan FT4 masih menjadi perdebatan.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan fungsi tiroid dengan energy expenditure pada remaja obesitas dan normal.Metode. Penelitian dilakukan pada anak SMP usia 12-13 tahun di Semarang pada tahun 2008 denganmetode potong lintang. Semua subyek diperiksa komposisi tubuh (indeks masa tubuh / IMT dan persentaselemak tubuh) dengan menggunakan Tanita BC 545, total energy expenditure (TEE) dengan akselerometer danresting energy expenditure (REE) dihitung berdasarkan rumus WHO. Data dianalisis menggunakan tes t tidakberpasangan dan uji korelasi Spearman.Hasil. Subyek penelitian 75 remaja (37 obesitas dan 38 normal), dengan rerata umur 13,2 tahun. FT4 danTSHs remaja laki-laki obesitas lebih tinggi dibanding subyek normal. Terdapat korelasi negatif (r=-0,29)antara FT3 dengan persentase lemak tubuh, korelasi positif antara TSHs dengan IMT (r=0,30) dan persentaselemak tubuh (r=0,34). Tidak didapatkan korelasi antara hormon tiroid dengan REE, tetapi FT3 berkorelasinegatif dengan TEE (r=–0,29), dan TSHs berkorelasi positif dengan TEE (r=0,25).Kesimpulan. Didapatkan korelasi positif antara TSHs dengan komposisi tubuh dan TSHs dengan TEE.Kadar TSHs pada laki-laki obesitas lebih tinggi dibanding normal walaupun hasilnya tidak signifikan secarastatistik.
Evaluasi Mikrobiologi dan Sifat Mekanik Kateter Penghisap yang Dipakai Ulang: Perbandingan antara Dua Prosedur Pemrosesan
Authors: Elisa Elisa , Purwanto S.H. , Aman A.T. , Pranoto Y. , Kusmono Kusmono
Published: January 2017

Latar belakang. Pemakaian ulang kateter penghisap telah biasa dilakukan di Indonesia, namun sejauh inibelum ada penelitian mengenai sterilitas dan keamanannya.Tujuan. Mengevaluasi sterilitas, sifat mekanik, dan permukaan serta kualitas matriks kateter penghisap yangdipakai ulang setelah diproses dengan dua jenis prosedur pengolahan yang berbeda.Metode. Kateter penghisap yang dipakai ulang setelah diproses dan disterilisasi menggunakan gas etilen oksida(EO), atau menggunakan sterilisasi pemanasan kering (kelompok B). Semua sampel dibersihkan dan didesinfeksidengan prosedur yang hampir sama. Kateter penghisap baru dipakai sebagai standar. Mikroba yang tumbuh padamedium kultur diidentifikasi. Semua sampel menjalani uji tarik dan kompresi. Analisis mikrostruktur dilakukandengan menggunakan mikroskop elektron (SEM) dan energi-dispersif spektroskopi sinar-X (EDX).Hasil. Kultur positif bakteri komensal pada 6 di antara 15 sampel pada kelompok A, dan 6 dari 17 sampelpada kelompok B. Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna dari sifat mekanik sampel penelitian (p<0,05).Sampel dari kelompok A memiliki kekuatan yang paling rendah. Sampel dari kedua kelompok penelitianmengalami perubahan kelenturan dan keuletan dibanding standar. Analisis mikrostruktur menggunakanXPS dan EDX pada permukaan dalam ujung kateter penghisap yang dipakai ulang menunjukkan degradasikomponen matriks. Analisis SEM mendeteksi beberapa partikel tambahan dan rekahan. Analisis EDX padapartikel tambahan menunjukkan pengayaan sinyal na+ dan ca++. Secara keseluruhan, didapatkan tandakontaminasi serta kerusakan material.Kesimpulan. Kedua metode pengolahan ulang kateter penghisap memberikan hasil sterilitas yang sebanding.Sampel yang dipakai ulang mengalami penurunan kekuatan, menjadi lebih lentur, dan tidak ulet.Ditemukan tanda kontaminasi, perubahan sifat permukaan dan kerusakan matriks dari kateter penghisapyang dipakai ulang.
Peran Kortikosteroid dalam Pencegahan Stridor Pasca-ekstubasi pada Anak
Authors: Dewi Rismala , Ambarsari Cahyani Gita
Published: January 2017

Stridor pasca-ekstubasi merupakan tanda obstruksi jalan napas atas akibat inflamasi yang terjadi padatindakan intubasi. Inflamasi ini menimbulkan risiko untuk perlunya reintubasi dalam 24-48 jam pascaekstubasi,sehingga memperpanjang lama rawat pasien di unit perawatan intensif, meningkatkan risikoterjadinya berbagai penyulit akibat penggunaan ventilator mekanis, dan meningkatkan mortalitas. Padacontoh kasus ini, pasien mengalami intubasi berulang sebanyak tiga kali dengan lama tiap-tiap penggunaanintubasi adalah 5 hari, dan ada riwayat kesulitan intubasi pada tindakan intubasi pertama. Pasca-ekstubasiyang pertama, pasien mengalami sesak dan stridor sehingga reintubasi diperlukan. Riwayat kortikosteroidprofilaksis sebelum ekstubasi tidak diketahui. Dengan mempertimbangkan adanya riwayat intubasi sulitserta durasi intubasi >48 jam, pasien ini berisiko mengalami kegagalan ekstubasi, sehingga pemberiankortikosteroid profilaksis sebelum ekstubasi diharapkan akan bermanfaat. Pada pasien anak, belum ada buktiberbasis medik yang memadai untuk menyimpulkan bahwa pemberian kortikosteroid profilaksis sebelumekstubasi elektif akan mencegah stridor pasca-ekstubasi. Telaah dari studi yang heterogen dengan metodologiyang kurang memadai seperti dalam ulasan ini cenderung hanya melaporkan efek terapi, tetapi belumdapat digunakan sebagai suatu pedoman. Beberapa studi menunjukkan peran kortikosteroid menghasilkankeluaran yang baik. Deksametason IV yang diberikan beberapa jam sebelum dan sesudah ekstubasi padaanak, termasuk pada pasien dengan riwayat kegagalan intubasi, akan mengurangi risiko terjadinya stridorpasca-ekstubasi.
Kebutuhan Transfusi Darah Pasca-Splenektomi pada Thalassemia Mayor
Authors: Andriastuti Murti , Sari Teny Tjitra , Wahidiyat Pustika Amalia , Putriasih Siti Ayu
Published: January 2017

Latar belakang. Transfusi darah merupakan pengobatan satu-satunya bagi pasien thalassemia guna mempertahankan kadar hemoglobin darah. Salah satu cara mengurangi kebutuhan darah adalah dengan melakukan splenektomi. Tujuan.Membandingkan kebutuhan transfusi pra-splenektomi dan pasca-splenektomi. Metode. Studi deskriptif terhadap pasien thalassemia βdan thalassemia-β/HbE yang dilakukan splenektomi di Pusat Thalassemia Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak, RS Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo tahun 2006-2009. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah kadar Hb pra-transfusi, jumlah kebutuhan darah, dan frekuensi transfusi darah dalam rentang setahun sebelum dan setahun setelah splenektomi, serta indikasi splenektomi. Didapat 98 pasien pasca- splenektomi tetapi 3 pasien dikeluarkan karena data tidak lengkap. Hasil. Subjek penelitian 98 pasien pasca- splenektomi terdiri 47 lelaki dan 51 perempuan. Rerata jarak waktu pertama kali transfusi darah sampai dilakukan splenektomi adalah 10 (SB 5,0) tahun, kisaran 8 bulan-23 tahun. Rerata ukuran limpa saat splenektomi adalah SchufnerVI, kisaran SchufnerII-VIII. Terjadi peningkatan rerata Hb pra-transfusi pra-splenektomi sebesar 6,2 (SB 0,9) g/dL, rentang 4,4-8,6 g/dL, pasca-splenektomi meningkat menjadi 7,9 (SB 0,8) g/dL, kisaran 5,6-10 g/dL. Rerata jumlah kebutuhan transfusi darah pra-splenektomi sebesar 357,2 (SB 101,2) mL/kgBB/tahun, pasca-splenektomi menurun menjadi 131,1 (SB 57,5) mL/kgBB/tahun. Rerata frekuensi transfusi darah pra-splenektomi 15 (SB 3,7) kali per tahun, kisaran 6-24 kali per tahun, pasca-splenektomi menjadi 8 (SB 3) kali per tahun, kisaran 0-14 kali per tahun. Indikasi splenektomi adalah hipersplenisme dini (53 subjek) dan hipersplenisme lanjut (45 subjek). Rerata Hb pra-transfusi pasca-splenektomi subjek hipersplenisme dini (8,3 g/dL) lebih tinggi dibandingkan subjek hipersplenisme lanjut (7,6 g/dL) (p=0,000). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna jumlah kebutuhan darah pasca-splenektomi thalassemia-β/HbE (108,6 mL/kgBB/tahun) dan thalassemia-β(144,1 mL/kgBB/tahun) (p=0,001). Frekuensi transfusi darah thalassemia-β/HbE pasca-splenektomi (7x/tahun) lebih rendah daripada thalassemia-β(9x/tahun) (p=0,011). Tidak didapatkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna antara rerata Hb pra-transfusi pasca-splenektomi antara thalassemia-βdengan thalassemia-β/HbE (p=0,132).Kesimpulan.Terdapat perbedaan kebutuhan transfusi antara pra-splenektomi dan pasca splenektomi berdasarkan jenis hipersplenisme dan genotip pasien. Kebutuhan transfusi pasca splenektomi lebih sedikit apabila splenektomi dianjurkan pada keadaan hipersplenisme dini dan kasus thalassemia β/HbE
Perbedaan Kebutuhan Transfusi Darah Selama Fase Induksi pada Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut
Authors: Nency Yetty M
Published: January 2017

Latar belakang. Terapi transfusi adalah salah satu terapi kunci dalam pengelolaan kanker dan penyakit darah pada anak. Hanya sedikit laporan tentang kuantitatif aspek transfusi sel darah merah dan trombosit pada penyakit leukemia limfoblastik akut (LLA). Fase induksi sangat berbahaya pada terapi LLA, karena sumsum tulang mengalami supresi yang diakibatkan oleh kemoterapi intensif. Fase induksi meliputi pemberian obat-obat methotrexate, vincristine, L-asp, daunorubicin, dan kortikosteroid selama 6 minggu. Protokol Indonesia 2006 terdiri dari 3 fase (induksi, konsolidasi, pemeliharaan) pada kelompok risiko standar (standard risk/SR) dan ditambah fase re-induksi untuk kelompok risiko tinggi (high risk/HR).Kuantitas transfusi dikaitkan dengan masalah efek samping dan biaya.Tujuan. Menilai perbedaan kebutuhan transfusi darah pasien LLA risiko standar dan tinggi yang diterapi dengan Protokol Indonesia 2006. Metode. Studi retrospektif dilakukan selama bulan Juli 2006 sampai Desember 2010 tentang kebutuhan transfusi selama fase induksi pada pasien baru LLA yang mendapat terapi dengan Protokol Indonesia 2006 di RS Dr Kariadi Semarang. Pasien diklasifikasikan menjadi kelompok risiko standar dan tinggi menurut kriteria NCI. Dibandingkan jumlah transfusi packed red cell(PRC) dan thrombocyte concentrate(TC) per luas permukaan tubuh (basal surface area/BSA).Analisis statistik menggunakan chi square(X2).Hasil. Subyek 160 pasien, namun hanya 119 (74,3%) pasien yang dapat dievaluasi. Perbandingan kelompok SR:HR 59,7:40,3. Rerata BSA pada kelumpok SR dan HR berturut turut 0,66 (SD±0,19)m2dan 0,77/m2 (SD±0,22), p<0,001. Selama fase induksi didapatkan rerata pemakaian PRC per pasien pada kelompok SR dan HR berturut turut 530 ml dan 420ml (p=0,79), pada TC 13 dan 11 unit (p= 0,19).Rasio penggunaan komponen PRC/BSA berturut turut untuk SR: HR 843:543 ml/m2untuk komponen TC 21:15 unit/m2.Kesimpulan. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kebutuhan kelompok risiko standar dan tinggi terhadap kebutuhan transfusi komponen darah PRC dan TC selama fase induksi.