bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS PERFORMANSI TURBIN UAP KAPASITAS 1,95 MW DI PT PERKEBUNAN LEMBAH BHAKTI ASTRA AGRO LESTARI TBK
Authors: Sinaga Hendrico Petrus Immanuel , Utomo Cahyo Trisedyo , Tarigan Efrata
Published: August 2022

Turbin uap pada pabrik kelapa sawit merupakan sumber utama pembangkit tenaga listrik. Turbin tersebut dapat berkerja dikarenakan adanya uap yang diperoleh dari boiler. Sistem pembangkit tenaga uap merupakan suatu kebutuhan penting untuk keberlangsungan sebuah pabrik kelapa sawit dalam peroses pengolahannya. Turbin uap adalah suatu penggerak mula yang mengubah energi potensial menjadi energi kinetik dan selanjutnya diubah menjadi energi mekanik dalam bentuk putaran poros turbin. Perhitungan daya dan efisiensi turbin dalam hal ini sangat diperlukan untuk mengetahui penurunan performa kinerja turbin sebagai dasar perbaikkan atau bahan dasar pertimbangan dalam pengoperasian turbin sehingga turbin dapat berkerja secara maksimal. Bahwa besar kecilnya efisiensi isentropik dipengaruhi oleh selisih dari kerja turbin tiap aliran massa uap terhadap kerja isentropik turbin, semakin kecil selisihnya makan efisiensi akan semakin besar sedangkan jika semakin besar selisihnya maka efisiensi akan semakin kecil dan jika tekanan masuk turbin, suhu masuk turbin dan suhu keluar turbin lebih kecil dari spesifikasi, maka efisiensi dan daya isentropiknya memiliki nilai lebih kecil dari spesifikasinya. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari lapangan dapat diketahui bahwa efisiensi turbin uap adalah sebesar 46,745% serta daya isentropik sebesar 2972,1451kW. Bahwa laju aliran massa uap, tekanan masuk, temperatur masuk dan temperatur keluar sangat berpengaruh terhadap performansi turbin uap.
Yeşil dalga uygulamalarında ışıklı kılavuz sistem kullanımının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KARA Halil , SARISOY Gürcan , DELİCE Yavuz
Published: August 2022

Mevcut yeşil dalga uygulamalarında, sürücülerin uygulamaya olan farkındalığının kavşak girişlerindeki ya da koridorlardaki trafik levhaları ile sağlandığı görülmektedir. Bu durum yeşil dalga uygulamaları için sürücü farkındalığını daha da arttıracak sistemleri gündeme getirmektedir. Öneri kapsamında, sürücüler kılavuz ışıkları döngüsü içerisinde yeşil ışığın içinde kaldıkları takdirde kavşaklarda kırmızı ışıkta beklemeden geçiş yapabilmektedirler. Böylece klasik yeşil dalga uygulamalarına göre sürücülerin ışıklı kılavuz ile belirlenen hıza daha yüksek oranda uymaları sağlanarak kavşaklardaki bekleme sürelerinin, gecikme sürelerinin, durma sayılarının ve bunlara bağlı egzoz emisyonlarının ve yakıt sarfiyatlarının azaltılması hedeflenmektedir. Bu bağlamda, çalışma kapsamında Yalova ilinde koordineli işletilmesi planlanan üç kavşağın trafik sayımları yapılarak çözümlenmiştir. Mevcut durum PTV VISSIM mikro-simülasyon yazılımında modellenmiş ve kalibrasyon çalışması yapılmıştır. Bu model üzerinde, klasik yeşil dalga uygulaması ve ışıklı kılavuz sistemi ile desteklenen yeşil dalga uygulaması olmak üzere iki farklı senaryonun analizleri yapılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre; çalışılan koridor klasik yeşil dalga uygulamasında D hizmet seviyesindeyken, ışıklı kılavuz sistemi ile desteklenen yeşil dalga uygulamasında C hizmet seviyesine yükselmiştir. Benzer şekilde tüm koridorda ortalama gecikme değerinde %28, ortalama durma sayısında %6, emisyon ve yakıt değerlerinde %8 oranında iyileşme görülmüştür.
Prediction of Highway Pavement Surface Condition Based on Meteorological Parameters Using Deep Learning Method
Authors: BAYKAL Tahsin , ERGEZER Fatih , TERZİ Serdal
Published: August 2022

The condition of the pavement surface on highways is an important factor in ensuring traffic safety. The condition of the road pavements varies according to the climatic conditions of the road. To record the variability of road pavements according to meteorological factors, both sensors placed in the pavement and road meteorology information stations are installed on the roadsides. Within the scope of intelligent transportation systems, the establishment of road management information systems and the status of the road pavement in real-time can be observed with the data obtained from the sensors. With these sensor data, the road surface condition can be estimated with different artificial intelligence methods. Thus, important information is provided for decision-makers in taking precautions according to the dry, wet, and icy road surface condition. In this study, it is purposed to estimate the road surface condition based on meteorological parameters. For this purpose, deep learning models have been developed. Air temperature (tmp), dew point temperature (dwp), wind speed (sknt), wind direction (drct), wind gust (gust), pavement sensor temperature (tfs), and pavement sensor condition (cond) parameters were used in 65966 datasets. Accuracy was used in the evaluation of deep learning models. Consequently, the evaluation, the accuracy value of the best model was determined as 0.88. In addition, accuracy, recall, precision, and F1-score values of each class were calculated for the test set of the best model.
Evaluation of correlated Pandora column NO2 and in situ surface NO2 measurements during GMAP campaign
Authors: Chang Lim-Seok , Kim Donghee , Hong Hyunkee , Kim Deok-Rae , Yu Jeong-Ah , Lee Kwangyul , Lee Hanlim , Kim Daewon , Hong Jinkyu , Jo Hyun-Young , Kim Cheol-Hee
Published: August 2022

Abstract. To validate the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS),
the GEMS Map of Air Pollution (GMAP) campaign was conducted during 2020–2021 by integrating Pandora Asia Network, aircraft, and in situ measurements. In the present study, GMAP-2020 measurements were applied to evaluate urban air quality and explore the synergy of Pandora column (PC) NO2 measurements and surface in situ (SI) NO2 measurements for Seosan, South Korea, where large point source (LPS) emissions are densely clustered. Due to the difficulty of interpreting the effects of LPS emissions on air quality downwind of Seosan using SI monitoring networks alone, we explored the combined analysis of both PC-NO2 and SI-NO2 measurements. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering using vertical meteorological
variables combined with PC-NO2 and SI-NO2 yielded three distinct conditions: synoptic wind-dominant (SD), mixed (MD), and local wind-dominant (LD). These results suggest meteorology-dependent correlations between PC-NO2 and SI-NO2. Overall, yearly daytime mean (11:00–17:00 KST) PC-NO2 and SI-NO2 statistical data showed good linear correlations (R=∼0.73); however, the differences in correlations were largely attributed to meteorological conditions. SD conditions characterized by higher wind speeds and advected marine boundary layer heights suppressed fluctuations in both PC-NO2 and SI-NO2, driving a uniform vertical NO2 structure with higher correlations, whereas under LD conditions, LPS plumes were decoupled from the surface or were transported from nearby cities, weakening correlations through anomalous vertical NO2 gradients. The discrepancies suggest that using either PC-NO2 or SI-NO2 observations alone involves a higher possibility of uncertainty under LD conditions or prevailing transport processes. However, under MD conditions, both pollution ventilation due to high surface wind speeds and daytime photochemical NO2 loss contributed to stronger correlations through a decline in both PC-NO2 and SI-NO2 towards noon. Thus, Pandora Asia Network observations collected over 13 Asian countries since 2021 can be utilized for detailed investigation of the vertical complexity of air quality, and the conclusions can be also applied when performing GEMS observation interpretation in combination with SI measurements.
Intercomparison of upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric water vapor measurements over the Asian Summer Monsoon during the StratoClim campaign
Authors: Singer Clare E. , Clouser Benjamin W. , Khaykin Sergey M. , Krämer Martina , Cairo Francesco , Peter Thomas , Lykov Alexey , Rolf Christian , Spelten Nicole , Afchine Armin , Brunamonti Simone , Moyer Elisabeth J.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. In situ measurements in the climatically important upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS) are critical for understanding controls on cloud formation, the entry of water into the stratosphere, and hydration–dehydration of the tropical tropopause layer.
Accurate in situ measurement of water vapor in the UTLS however is difficult because of low water vapor concentrations (<5 ppmv) and a challenging low temperature–pressure environment.
The StratoClim campaign out of Kathmandu, Nepal, in July and August 2017, which made the first high-altitude aircraft measurements in the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM), also provided an opportunity to intercompare three in situ hygrometers mounted on the M-55 Geophysica: ChiWIS (Chicago Water Isotope Spectrometer), FISH (Fast In situ Stratospheric Hygrometer), and FLASH (Fluorescent Lyman-α Stratospheric Hygrometer).
Instrument agreement was very good, suggesting no intrinsic technique-dependent biases: ChiWIS measures by mid-infrared laser absorption spectroscopy and FISH and FLASH by Lyman-α induced fluorescence.
In clear-sky UTLS conditions (H2O<10 ppmv), mean and standard deviations of differences in paired observations between ChiWIS and FLASH were only (-1.4±5.9) % and those between FISH and FLASH only (-1.5±8.0) %.
Agreement between ChiWIS and FLASH for in-cloud conditions is even tighter, at (+0.7±7.6) %.
Estimated realized instrumental precision in UTLS conditions was 0.05, 0.2, and 0.1 ppmv for ChiWIS, FLASH, and FISH, respectively.
This level of accuracy and precision allows the confident detection of fine-scale spatial structures in UTLS water vapor required for understanding the role of convection and the ASM in the stratospheric water vapor budget.
Improving the prediction of the Madden–Julian Oscillation of the ECMWF model by post-processing
Authors: Silini Riccardo , Lerch Sebastian , Mastrantonas Nikolaos , Kantz Holger , Barreiro Marcelo , Masoller Cristina
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a major source of predictability on the sub-seasonal (10 to 90 d) timescale. An improved forecast of the MJO may have important socioeconomic impacts due to the influence of MJO on both tropical and extratropical weather extremes. Although in the last decades state-of-the-art climate models have proved their capability for forecasting the MJO exceeding the 5-week prediction skill, there is still room for improving the prediction. In this study we use multiple linear regression (MLR) and a machine learning (ML) algorithm as post-processing methods to improve the forecast of the model that currently holds the best MJO forecasting performance, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model. We find that both MLR and ML improve the MJO prediction and that ML outperforms MLR. The largest improvement is in the prediction of the MJO geographical location and intensity.
roots: an experiment in rewilding
Authors: Draper Molly
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this haiku series was to explore the intricate nature of human interaction with the environment with the goal of adding to the conversation that seeks to rewild and reconnect people with nature.
CHARACTERISTICS ABSORPTION AND MODELING OF UNRIPE PLANTAIN CHIPS
Authors: Ajala A. , Ajala F.
Published: August 2022

In this study,  water  absorption characteristics  of dried  unripe  plantain chips  were investigated by soaking in distill water at 20°C, 30°C and 40°C. The data generated were fitted into three models namely Peleg, Weibull  and  exponential.  The  statistical  criteria  used  in  evaluation  of  the  models  were  coefficient  of determination (R2), reduced chi-square (χ2), mean bias error (MBE) and root mean square error (RMSE). The result shows that temperature did not affect water absorption properties initially, but it did affect it as re-hydration  progressed.  The result of R2 shows that Weibull model has the highest value of 0.979 and exponential model has lowest value of 0.653. Therefore, Weibull model was adjudged to have successfully fitted water absorption of unripe plantain chips.
Analysis of the Impact of Parking on Traffic Performance on the Roads Around the Cisaat Market
Authors: Eka Gadara  , Utamy Sukmayu Saputri  , Ardin Rozadi  , Muhammad Hidayat  , Zalavsky Nikolay Ivanovich
Published: August 2022

The Cisaat Sukamanah highway is one of the arterial road segments that pass through Sukamanah Village, Cisaat District, Sukabumi Regency, West Java and is the main road connecting Cisaat Regency with Sukabumi City. This road belongs to the category of arterial road, for urban road conditions it is designed with a speed of 60 km/hour. In addition, on arterial roads, traffic should not be disturbed by local activities.  The purpose of this study is to determine the performance of the Cisaat Sukamanah Highway, especially in front of the Cisaat Baru Market, in its current (existing) condition, to estimate the conditions on the Cisaat Highway. -12.00 wib with a total of 995.1 smp/hour vehicles. And the average speed is 192.3. For the highest side friction incident occurred on Monday at 06.45-07.45 with 453.3 hourly weighted events. Overall, the performance of the Cisaat Sukamanah highway is B.  The highest accumulation results in the on street parking area of Jalan Pasar Baru on Sunday, March 21, 2021 for motorcycles were 681 vehicles occurring at 16.00-17.00 WIB and car vehicles were 230 vehicles occurring at 13.00-14.00. The results of observations in this study indicate that the overall parking volume on Sundays for motorbikes is 4709 and for cars is 2210. And the parking turnover rate obtained from the calculation results shows that the use of parking spaces, the parking turnover rate (Parking Turn Over) for motorbikes is 8, 4 vehicles/space and 17 vehicles/space for 11 hours of observation. And the average percentage of the parking index using motorcycle and car parking spaces on Sundays exceeds 100%. Thus, it can be concluded that the parking area is not efficient in accommodating parking vehicles.
Design and Build a Population Administration Data Collection Application System Using the Zachman Framework
Authors: Anti Aprianti  , Yayatillah Rubiati  , Muhamad Renaldi Aripin  , Cecep Warman
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine how the application of the Zachman Framework in designing a population administration data collection system in Kadaleman village, because the current process is still carried out conventionally so that data storage is irregular. In analyzing the system using the Zachman Framework approach with a Planner, Owner, Designer, and Builder perspective and perspective issues, namely What, How, Where, Who, and When. For system modeling using UML. Data was collected by using observation, interview, literature study, and distributing questionnaires involving 35 respondents. Measurement of data using a Likert scale, with correlation test analysis using Spearman rho. The implementation of a web-based prototype system with the results of the usability value test on the system application shows that the system has met the aspects of learnability, efficiency, memorability, errors, and satisfaction. The results of the correlation analysis of the Zachman Framework model on the system built have a very strong correlation, which implies that the system built through the Zachman Framework approach can be realized and implemented
BASKET MARKET ANALYSIS USING R-BASED APRIORI ALGORITHM TO FIND INFORMATION FROM SALES DATA
Authors: Indra Yustiana  , Irvan Sutarha  , Nindia Maulawati  , Ilham Maulana Yusuf
Published: August 2022

Market Basket Analysis is a data mining technique that is used to determine which products a customer will buy simultaneously by analyzing a list of customer transactions. By knowing these products, an e-commerce system can create or develop a customer profile system and can determine its own customer catalog layout. This journal discusses data mining techniques, with association rules that can help check customer buying behavior and increase sales. The result can provide reference prices for cross selling, designing promotions and placing merchandise in stores increasing sales
Design of reinforced concrete truss systems in earthquake-resistant high-rise buildings
Authors: Paikun  , Pirmansyah  , Cece Suhendi  , Triono  , Niels vuegen
Published: August 2022

This study aims to find out how to plan the Reinforced Concrete Bar Frame Structure which includes the structure of columns and beams and their reinforcement to meet the design concept of capacity, namely strong columns and weak beams. In this study, it will be planned on the Nusa Putra Islamic Boarding School building which amounts to 3 floors using the Special Moment Resistant Frame System (SRPMK) in accordance with SNI-2847-2013 and SNI-1726-2012. The earthquake load used is Spectrum Response Analysis by taking into account three different types of soil conditions namely hard, medium and soft soils. Moment Resistant Frame System is a spatial frame system in which structural components and their joints resist forces acting through bending, sliding and axial action. The quality of the concrete material used is 25 MPa and the reinforcing steel material used 400 MPa threaded iron while the beam dimensions are 300 mm x 400 mm and the column is 500 mm x 500 mm. The results obtained on the beam structure in hard soil conditions Mu = -85.5012 kN (support for) 4D19; Mu = 42.7506 kN (pedestal under) used 3D16; and Mu = 30,2581 kN (in the middle span) used 3D16; on medium soil Mu = 92.0741 kN (support for) 4D19; Mu = 46.03705 kN (lower pedestal) used 3D16; and Mu = 59.4276 kN (center span) used 3D16 + 1D13; on soft soil Mu = -107,842 kN (upper support) 5D19 was used; Mu = 53,921 kN (pedestal under) used 4D16; and Mu = 63.4546 kN (center span) used 4D16; Axial force occurs in the main column due to the combination of the three types of soil is not too significantly different, on hard soil = 337,949 kN, medium soil = 339,785 kN, soft soil = 342,954 kN, so column reinforcement in all three uses 12D22
Războiul ruso-ucrainean. Cauzele emergenței
Authors:   Universitatea de Stat din Moldova, Cebotari Svetlana , Guțu Ion ,   Universitatea de Stat din Moldova
Published: August 2022

Războiul ruso-ucrainean nu este doar un război regional. Este războiul care marchează o ruptură în relațiile dintre Rusia și Occident, război care va avea repercusiuni profunde atât pentru Europa, cât și pentru întreaga lume. Invazia Federației Ruse în Ucraina tinde să devină cel mai important conflict militar de la finalul celui de al Doilea Război Mondial. Astfel, acțiunile Federației Ruse în Ucraina devin subiectul de discuție nu doar în cancelariile și în discursul liderilor occidentali, dar devin subiect prezent pe masa de lucru a comunității academice. Prezentul articol are drept scop reliefarea cauzelor emergenței războiului ruso-ucrainean. În articol vor fi reliefate acțiunile întreprinse de către Federația Rusă în Ucraina pe parcursul a trei decenii.
Changing the matrix determinants of the motivational paradigm in the context of increasing the efficiency of strategic management in the process of innovative transformation
Authors:   Academy of Public Administration, Republic of Moldova, Sakovich Vasilii
Published: August 2022

The article discusses the needs and interests of the individual, society and the state, the essence of which in the conditions of innovative modernization has not yet been fully explored. The author outlines new scientific approaches to the role of needs and interests, shows their importance for improving the efficiency of the functioning of the system of strategic management of transformational innovation processes. To a certain extent, this scientific study fills the theoretical gap and will be the methodological basis for practical management activities for the innovative modernization of society and the state.
Perspective of conferring objective character to contraventional and criminal liability for deeds causing environmental damages
Authors:   ", Cretu Andrian ,   Stefan cel Mare",   Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Moldova
Published: August 2022

In the situation when the ways of harming the environmental components have lately become more sophisticated and difficult to detect and endanger the existence of man on earth, the legal mechanisms of environmental protection should also change their appearance and become much more aggressive and ruthless. They should be applied without taking into account certain rules and presumptions behind which the perpetrators have long been hiding. Although both criminal law and contravention law cannot disregard the principle of the presumption of innocence, the principle of humanism, the principle of individualization of liability, currently they must be overshadowed in favor of substantiating the principle of objective liability for environmental damage in all forms of liability. For this, the consecration of the given method of liability must be based on serious and difficult to combat arguments, which arise from the specifics of the damage, the findings, damage assessment, disclosure of the perpetrator, as well as the irreversibility of the affected environmental components.
Mutual legal assistance in criminal asset recovery
Authors:   Moldova State University, Scorpan Alesea
Published: August 2022

Despite the efforts to combat illicit financial flows, money laundering and corruption, millions of lei are taken out of the country every year and hidden in other countries in the form of goods. The phenomenon of border crime is on the rise and legislation in this area remains stagnant. As the legislative provisions are partially present in various laws or conventions, some necessary provisions are missing at all. Thus, the need for a systematization and completion of legislation in the field of international legal assistance in criminal matters remains one of the priorities. The practice of other states has proven to be the most appropriate source of inspiration for improving and supplementing the legislation of the Republic of Moldova, the fact that is shown in this research. Transnational crime has shown the need for improving mechanisms to combat its impact, and facilitating the recovery of criminal assets has led the international community and the Republic of Moldova to adopt numerous conventions and treaties that still remain to be incomplete and insufficient for our country.
Physicochemical properties of selected compounds used as ultraviolet filters in cosmetics
Authors:   Zespół Chemii Biomateriałów, Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Woźnica Paulina , Starosta Radosław ,   Zespół Chemii Biomateriałów, Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski
Published: August 2022

A ultraviolet filter is defined as a substance, mixture, or material that blocks or absorbs radiation in the UV range, and its key purpose is protect the skin from the harmful effects of the radiation. Consumer concern is mainly regarding organic filters and the frequent problems with their low photo-stability, which is highly undesirable in terms of safety. The aim of this work was to discuss the term “photo-stability” and to assess the safety of the three most popular compounds classified as ultraviolet filters. Cited studies and issued opinions by Scientific Committees on Customer Safety confirm the safety for human health of Avobenzone, Oxybenzone and Octinoxate in strictly defined maximum concentrations. Side effects of these filters, like accumulation in the bloodstream, may occur after prolonged use. In order to improve the level of photo-stability of Avobenzone and Octinoxate the following methods are used: the use of photo-stabilizers and excited state quenchers, encapsulation of the molecule in micelles or the addition of antioxidants such as vitamin C. Although these compounds do not pose a serious threat to human health, two of them (Oxybenzone and Octinoxate) have a negative impact on aquatic ecosystems.
An Exploratory Impact of Social Media Influencer Marketing on Consumer
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar College, University of Delhi, Srivastava Dr. Anita , Chaudhary Dr. Nisha , Srivastava Ms. Pranita
Published: August 2022

Social media influencer marketing is a viable alternative to other antiquated forms of marketing as the marketing landscape evolves in lockstep with the digital age. Social media influencer marketing has been studied and a study was performed in Delhi and the NCR region. Six criteria, including the faith of influencer, content quality, relevancy between influencer/product & customer engagement are shown to have a substantial effect on consumers' purchase intentions. Influencer marketing relies heavily on the trust of the influencer, according to the study's findings.
Emotional Intelligence and Entrepreneurship Ability among Youths: A Correlational Study
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Directorate of Distance Education, L N Mithila University, Darbhanga, Baig Dr. Mirza Ruhullah , Nesa Dr. Hoorun
Published: August 2022

The behavior of any person depends on the emotion. The capacity of controlling on emotion is a sign of strong emotional intelligence. The personality of any individual is heightened by his emotional intelligence. In any type of business, it necessary to have the good emotional intelligence for the persons by which they can easily feel the desires and psychology of clients and service will be provided as per their wishes. The present study is a try to find the relation between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurship ability of youths. For this purpose, the survey research design has been implemented by the investigator. The college students of Darbhanga district have been taken as the Population of the study. Total 500 college students have been chosen by simple random sampling method from 20 Colleges. For the data collection, standardized tools have been used for both variables. The result of the study revealed that there is a significant difference in entrepreneurship among youths with respect to their Gender and Locality but no significant difference in emotional intelligence with respect to Gender. It is also found that there is a high positive correlation between entrepreneurship ability and emotional intelligence among youths.
An Empirical Study on Satisfaction Level of Villagers about CSR Initiative of BHEL, Bhopal with Special Reference to Under Educated India Programme
Authors:   Ph.D. Research scholar, Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramoday Vishwavidyalay Chitrakoot, Satna, MP, TIWARI NEHA
Published: August 2022

The purpose is to assess the CSR initiatives and actions to yardstick its impact under the help of BHEL, and a spot analysis so as to attain these objectives, data was collected using questionnaire from the beneficiaries in the BHEL?s adopted Villages. This report includes impact analysis and gap analysis of infrastructure project category, which has six projects out of which following three were considered for penning this research paper; school building, school wall compound and classroom construction.
Conservation and Preservation of Indian Temples through Different Projects: A Consequential Analyses of Present Condition of Indian Heritage Sites
Authors:   Assistant Professor in History Govt. College for Women, Kathua, Bassin Romika
Published: August 2022

The idea of conservation comprises of all the procedures that aimed at looking after a place in order to maintain the historical, architectural, aesthetic and cultural significance and also includes maintenance, preservation, restoration, reconstruction and adoption or an amalgamation of more than one of these. On the other hand, preservation includes maintaining the fabric of a place in its present condition and checking deterioration. Both are the processes through which variety of projects have been made and implemented to protect several Indian temples as most of them are declared by Archaeological Survey of India as national heritage. In this research paper, an important attempt has been made to understand how successful the different projects are in conserving and preserving Indian temples which have been declared as heritage sites by the government of India. In this end, efforts are made o analyse the present condition of these monuments from the critical lenses.
TOXICOLOGY
Authors: ABADI Dr. SHAIVAD SHABEEHUL HASAN
Published: August 2022

Dr. SHAIVAD SHABEEHUL HASAN ABADI; Dr. MOHAMMAD RASHID IQBAL
Product Management in Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Tewatia Sumit
Published: August 2022

Sumit Tewatia, Dr. Mohini Kalra
Service Experience and Passengers Patronage of Transit Companies in the South- South Region of Nigeria
Authors: I.S. Udoh , E.J. Uduak , A. Awah
Published: August 2022

The research is aimed at examining the influence of service experience dimensions like brand name of transporter and past experience on passenger patronage of transit companies in the South-South region of Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted for the study and primary data were collected through the usage of questionnaires. A sample of 310 respondents made up of outbound passengers, from 47 registered transport companies operating within the South-South region, were used for the study. The simple regression analysis was used to ascertain the level of relationship between the independent and dependent variables at a 0.05 level of significance. Findings showed that the two dimensions of service experience have a positive significant influence on passenger patronage of transit companies. It was concluded that brand name of transporter and past experience were significant positive predictors of passenger patronage of transit companies. It was recommended that transporters should recognize that passengers patronage of transit companies was to a large extent determined by the image of the brand in the mind of customers, hence creating a good impression on service encounters should be a goal as passengers share their experiences and impressions when they have used a service. These experiences and impressions can be both positive and negative experiences and impressions, where the providers are often not present to defend their brand name.
Spelling Error Analysis of Ghanaian Languages College of Education Students’ Essay
Authors: Nketsiah Jerome
Published: August 2022

Spelling errors in students’ writing have become a burden for teachers and examiners of the Ghanaian languages. Every year, Chief Examiners of the Ghanaian languages lament bitterly in their reports about the inaccuracies students make with regard to spelling in their examinations without clearly indicating the kind of errors they make. As a result, this study investigated the frequency and types of spelling errors students of Ghanaian languages at the Foso College of Education make in their essays. Forty-five students took part in the study that utilized a descriptive qualitative approach. The data came from students’ mid-semester examinations. The findings revealed that students’ most prevalent spelling errors included sound-based substitution, writing rule-based, omission, addition, transposition, and multiple errors. Teachers are encouraged to give ample time or pay more attention to phonology and the writing rules of the language when teaching spelling because they were the most frequent errors found.
Optimizing an FPR-based supplier-retailer integrated problem with an outsourcer, rework, expedited rate, and probabilistic breakdown
Authors: Chiu Yuan-Shyi Peter , Ke Chih-Yun , Chiu Tiffany , Yeh Tsu-Ming
Published: August 2022

Internal supply chains exist in many global enterprises, where manufacturing tasks and sales jobs operate separately, but the management needs to integrate their financial performance reports. In addition, the fabrication planning must meet specific operational goals, such as meeting external clients’ requirements on quality and short order due dates, avoiding internal fabricating interruptions due to inevitable equipment breakdowns, and minimizing overall manufacturing and stock holding costs. Motivated by helping multinational corporations deal with the issues mentioned earlier, this study aims to optimize a finite production rate (FPR)-based supplier-retailer cooperative problem with multi-shipment, rework, subcontracting, probabilistic failure, and expedited rate. Wherein using an outsourcer and expedited-rate help shorten the needed batch producing time significantly; the rework of defects and corrective action on unanticipated breakdown assist in up-keeping the quality and avoiding fabricating delay. We develop an FPR-based model to cautiously represent the considered manufacturing features and activities involved in transporting end products and retailers’ stock holding. Model’s formulating and investigating assists us in gaining the function of operating costs. In addition, optimization procedures with a proposed algorithm help us verify its convexity and decide the model’s best fabricating runtime solution. Finally, we validate how this study works and what important information our model can disclose using a numerical example to facilitate management’s decision-making to end our work.
Hopfield neural network based on clustering algorithms for solving green vehicle routing problem
Authors: Comert Serap Ercan , Yazgan Harun Resit , Turk Gamze
Published: August 2022

As a result of the rapidly increasing distribution network, the toxic gases emitted by the vehicles to the environment have also increased, thus posing a threat to health. This study deals with the problem of determining green vehicle routes aiming to minimize CO2 emissions to meet customers' demand in a supermarket chain that distributes fresh and dried products. A new method based on clustering algorithms and Hopfield Neural Network is proposed to solve the problem. We first divide the large-size green vehicle routing problem into clusters using the K-Means and K-Medoids algorithms, and then the routing problem for each cluster is found using the Hopfield Neural Network, which minimizes CO2 emissions. A real-life example is carried out to illustrate the performance and applicability of the proposed method. The research concludes that the proposed approach produces very encroaching results.
Optimal subsidy strategies in a smart supply chain driven by dual innovation
Authors: Xin Baogui , Xu Yan
Published: August 2022

Due to the deep integration of modern information technology, supply chain management has moved into a new stage of a smart supply chain. Considering the dual smart innovation of the manufacturer's production and retailer’s service, the manufacturer-led Stackelberg game model is constructed in the smart supply chain. Under the single and coordinated government subsidy strategies, the optimal decisions of the smart supply chain are researched, and the impacts of manufacturers' risk aversion on the government subsidy strategies and supply chain decisions are analysed. In addition, the efficiencies of different government subsidy strategies are compared and analysed by numerical simulation. Finally, the results show that: (i) The moderate risk aversion by the manufacturer can improve social welfare and help provide consumers with more affordable products. (ii) The government expenditure and product prices are highest under the coordinated subsidy strategy. (iii) Subsidising manufacturers is more beneficial than subsidising retailers among the two single government subsidy strategies. (iv) In general, the coordinated government subsidy strategy is more effective than the single subsidy strategy for the innovative development of a smart supply chain. In conclusion, the research provides a significant practical reference for jointly building the smart supply chain.
Comparative Analysis of Rapid Diagnostic Test (ICT) and Microscopy for the Diagnosis of Malaria
Authors: Ullah Farid , Bibi Yasmeen , Arif Muhammad , Nawab Fouzia , Wakil Ayesha , Shuaib Syed Luqman
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Malaria is caused by four Plasmodium species (vivax, falciparum, Ovale, and Malariae). Malarial parasites can be diagnosed by examining blood smear under microscope, rapid diagnostic test (ICT), and by detecting nucleic acid of parasite using polymerase chain reaction. This study was conducted to find out the diagnostic accuracy of rapid diagnostic test (ICT) in association with microscopy as a gold standard for the detection of malarial parasites P.vivax, P. falciparum and the effect of parasitic load on both diagnostic methods - ICT and light microscopy. Materials & Methods: The study design was cross sectional validation, done at a private clinical set up in Peshawar, Pakistan. Parasite count was performed to quantify parasitic load strictly according to the rules constituted by World Health organization (WHO). Results: A total of 32 patients were identified to be infected with malarial parasites on light microscopy and 68 cases were found negative. Among the positives, P.vivax was detected in 28 cases and P. falciparum in 4 cases. The ICT results showed 29 of the cases positive for malarial parasites and 71 negative. Among the positives, P.vivax was detected in 25 cases, P. falciparum in 2 cases, while 2 cases showed mixed infection. Thus the ICT result for malaria showed 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity with 97% of diagnostic accuracy. The parasitic count was found to be ≤ 208 in those false negative cases on ICT method which showed the impact of low parasitic load on the diagnostic accuracy of ICT method. Key words: Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, ICT
Iron Supplementation in Anemic Pregnant Women: A Comparison of Different Prescription Options in Pakistan
Authors: Kazi Asma , Aziz Aisha , Ahmed Shoaib , Umer Sabeena , Roman Shazia , Irshad Faiza
Published: August 2022

Background & objectives: Many pregnant women in Pakistan have iron deficiency anemia (IDA), a dietary deficit. It affects both the mother's and the foetal' health. Oral iron supplementation usually relieves IDA symptoms. Oral iron supplements are hazardous to the GI mucosa, and sensitivity is common. Poor therapeutic compliance leads to treatment failure. Ferrous ascorbate (FeA) and iron hydroxide polymaltose complex (IPC) reportedly improve gastrointestinal discomfort and increase patient compliance compared to ferrous sulphate (FS). These preparations reportedly improve hemoglobin levels and iron stores more quickly than FS. This analysis compared FS's efficacy and safety to IPC and FeA. Place of Study: Rashid Latif Medical College Lahore Duration of Study: February 2019 and October 2021 Methods: It was a randomized, parallel, open label, investigation among pregnant women of gestational age from 10 to 28 weeks with moderate anemia. Patients were randomly selected to receive either FS, IPC or FeA. They were then followed up for 3 months to look for improvement in the hemoglobin levels and other hematological indicators or any adverse drug response. Results: With the exception of 3 months, when the FeA group had a significantly higher hemoglobin level in comparison to the FS group (P <0.05), the hemoglobin levels were comparable across the three groups. The overall risk profiles for side effects were likewise equal across the research groups, with the exception of epigastric discomfort, which was more frequently reported in the FS group. Conclusions: The findings of the study indicated that FS, IPC, and FeA all have an efficacy and safety profile in the treatment of IDA associated with pregnancy that is comparable to one another. Keywords Anemia, ferrous ascorbate , ferrous sulphate ,iron hydroxide polymaltose ,pregnancy
Essential Hypertension and Variations in Renal Volume in a Population of Punjab
Authors: Shokat Shahzad , Hameed Nouman , Omer Muhammad , Aamer Muhammad , Nishat Mufassar , Sikandar Sultan
Published: August 2022

Objectives: In order to establish a correlation between this parameter and demographic characteristics such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA), and length of hypertension treatment, it is necessary to measure the renal volume of adult patients who are suffering from essential hypertension. Methods: Sonography was used to examine a total of 46 people who were participants in this prospective trial. All of these people had essential hypertension and normal renal function. Within the population of patients, there were a total of 46 people: 23 males and 23 females. In addition, as a control group, we analysed the blood pressure levels of normal adults (sixty males and sixty females) who did not have hypertension. After that, the renal volume was calculated by applying the formula LWAP0.523, which was derived from the length, breadth, and anterio-posterior diameter of the kidney. The results of this calculation were then presented. Results: According to the findings, the range of renal volume that was obtained was 49.52414+0.01 cm3, with a mean of 109.14231+32 cm3 for the left kidney. Meanwhile, the range of renal volume that was acquired for the right kidney was 42.44266+.61 cm3, with a mean of 101.23547+.23 cm3. Males had significantly greater right and left kidney volumes overall compared to females, who had smaller kidney volumes overall. In men, the volume of the right kidney was determined to be 101.4231+.56 cm3, whereas the volume of the left kidney was determined to be 114.2675+.23 cm3 (97.4545+.04 cm3 and 99.7414+.57 cm3, respectively). Although there was a significant relationship between the renal volume and both the body mass index and the body surface area, renal volume decreased with increasing age. There was no correlation found between the amount of urine produced by the kidneys and the length of time the individual had hypertension. Conclusion: Patients suffering from hypertension, regardless of gender, have a higher amount of fluid in their left kidney compared to their right kidney. In addition, the size of the kidneys in patients who have hypertension and are female is smaller than the size of the kidneys in patients who have hypertension and are male. The researchers discovered a correlation between renal volume, body surface area, and body mass index. In addition, it has been demonstrated that the volume of both kidneys decreases with increasing age. On the other hand, there is no correlation between the size of the kidneys and the duration that hypertension continues to exist in a person's body. keywords: Essential hypertension, renal volume, ultrasonography
Ureterovaginal Fistula: An Audit of Treatment Options in an Underdeveloped Area of Pakistan
Authors: Aziz Uzma , Afzal Madiha , Ghumman Muhammad Sohail , Ghumman Nasim Aslam , Asif Muhammad , Umer Sabeena , Nishat Mufassar
Published: August 2022

Throughout 2021, we were requested to assess and treat 10 women who had suffered ureterovaginal fistulas after caesarean sections at separate remote hospitals. We describe our experiences diagnosing and treating uninsured patients at a hospital with minimal resources. A three-swab test was conducted on each of the 10 patients, and an abdominal and pelvic ultrasound was utilised to help locate the afflicted ureter. The patient had transvesical ureteral stent insertion. The stent was removed after two weeks. No wetness in the 10 patients.In the middle of today's complicated health care system, we must continuously remind ourselves of the common develops after a caesarean section and a well-known and simple diagnostic technique management in resource-poor communities
Using the Rice Husk Filtrate as Alternative Medium for Oxalic Acid Production Byaspergillus Niger
Authors: Al-Rikabi Ahmed Abed Faisal , Al-Shibli Majid Kadhim Abboud
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to select cheaper and high yielding alternative medium, like rice husk filtrate, for oxalic acid production by A.niger fungus, in comparison to other culture media that have been used including, Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA), and Sabouraud Dextrose Broth (SDB). The results showed that the highest percentage of oxalic acid production happens with rice husk filtrate medium, when its productivity was (12.02%), and reached (15.56 %), when rice husk filtrate was used as a solvent for (SDB) powder. It was followed by (SDB) medium, with a production rate of (5.06), then (SDA) with a production rate of (4.94), and (PDA) which gave the lowest production rate (3.67%) Keywords: Oxalic acid, A.niger, Rice Husk Filtrate medium
Self-Inflicted Injuries Among Young Age Group in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Manzoor Saima , Husain Urooj , Jawaad Imran , Zafar Durdana , Iqbal Zubia , Yasmin Nazia
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Self-inflicted injuries have always attracted medicolegal experts. These injuries are produced by a person on his own body for ulterior motives. Majority of such cases are observed among adults dominated by male gender. Such cases when observed among young age group are alarming and need to be explored. Excessive use of social media, unresolved social issues, large family size, lack of education, family conflict are among the leading causes of rise in such cases. Parental guidance in all such cases need to stressed as such children who has some psychiatric problems are already highlighted and known to the parents, close supervision of such adolescents could help them to prevent such grave incidences. The emotional bond between children and parents at this age is quite strong any emotional disturbance if properly handled at this stage could lead to a healthy state of mind rather than to be a stigma resulting in self-inflicted injuries which shall leave a long lasting effect on the emotional status of the child. Material and Method: Data from three major hospitals from Lahore catering paediatric cases was collected from January 2000 to December 2010. This data was analyzed for further study. Inclusion criteria: Those cases which were declared self-inflicted case by the examining medical officer were included in the study. Results: Results showed that males were more involved in self-infliction and the dominant weapon used sharp edged weapon followed by blunt weapon. Most common site of such injuries is wrist. Females were involved to a lesser extent in such cases, however, the weapon most commonly used among females was also sharp edged and wrist was the most common site of such injuries. Conclusion: Large family size, loose association between parents and children, low socioeconomic condition, family headed by single parent usually shows higher incidence of such injuries among young age group. Keywords: Self-inflicted injuries, Medico-legal issues, Age group.
Assessment of Serum Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) levels in patients of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) with and without Lupus Nephritis (LN)
Authors: Ali Ghaniya , Afzal Nadeem , Ashraf Muhammad Naim , Saeed Fatima , Iqbal Firdous , Muazzam Ayesha
Published: August 2022

Background: Lupus nephritis (LN) can occur as a complication of SLE causing further distress to patient. NGAL levels can help in foreseeing kidney injury in such afflicted. Thus, the study aimed to estimate serum NGAL levels in SLE patients with and without Lupus Nephritis. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at immunology Department, University of Health Sciences (UHS) Lahore. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect samples of patients diagnosed with SLE with and without Lupus Nephritis LN. Results: Study showed statistically significant results (p=0.00) with mean ±SD value of NGAL measured in patients of SLE with LN & without Lupus Nephritis LN. Conclusion: The study indicated that NGAL level was observed to be significantly raised in the patients of SLE with lupus nephritis as compare to the patients of SLE without lupus nephritis. Keywords: Acute kidney injury, Anti-double stranded DNA antibody, Chronic kidney disease, Lupus nephritis