bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mobile Gas Chromatographs Coupled with Mass and Ion Mobility Spectrometers and their Applications
Authors: Witkiewicz Zygfryd , Wardencki Waldemar
Published: April 2021

Chemical analysis of different materials at the place where analytes are present (on-site analysis) has several advantages in comparison to analysis of these materials after delivering the samples to laboratory. Mobile devices, possessing expected properties in terms of using energy, mass and volume are needed for such analyses. The obtained results should be comparable to those obtained with the stationary instruments. Mass and ion mobility spectrometers are examples of the instruments fulfilling these requirements. At the beginning, the article describes the developments in combining of mass and ion mobility spectrometers (MS, IMS) with miniature gas chromatographs (GC). Both systems are used for analyses in the field, mainly for determination of environmental pollutions. They are used not only for analysis of typical chemicals present in different environmental compartments (in air, water and soil samples) but also for analysis of explosives, drugs and chemical warfare agents when fast results are needed. Particularly noteworthy is their applications in space exploration on the International Space Station. The selected examples of applications of miniaturised GC-MS and GC-IMS devices are presented in the second part of this mini review.
Benefit Evaluation of Energy-Saving and Emission Reduction in Construction Industry Based on Rough Set Theory
Authors: Zhong Zhengjun , Zhang Xin , Yang Xudong
Published: April 2021

Achieving energy conservation and emission reduction in the industry is an inevitable way to promote harmony between society and nature and achieve sustainable human development. China’s infrastructure construction industry is developing rapidly. Still, there is a lack of a well-established industry standard for evaluating the potential and level of energy reduction in infrastructure construction. A severe lack of quantitative research on energy-saving and CO2 outflow decreases the benefits of green development advances. This study takes the energy conservation and outflow decrease of construction waste slurry treatment in Guangdong Province, China, as the background, establishes an evaluation system with three rule levels: social, economic, and environmental, and adopts rough set theory to determine the weights of each index to ensure the objectivity of each index. According to the recommendations of the carbon emission calculation guidelines, select the relevant data to evaluate the energy-saving and emission reduction benefits of the new green construction technology of grouted piles in a road project in Guangdong Province. The results show that the development level and potential of energy saving and emission reduction technology in the construction sector in Guangdong Province are increasing year by year. It’s potential changes with the increase or decrease of highway mileage, and it is an urgent need to increase investment in pollution control. The research results can evaluate the benefits of energy-saving and carbon dioxide emission reduction in the construction industry, also be used as a reference to assess energy-saving and emission reduction in the construction industry in other countries.
Quantifying Urban Vegetation Coverage Change with a Linear Spectral Mixing Model: A Case Study in Xi’an, China
Authors: Zhao Xuan , Liu Jianjun
Published: April 2021

With the rapid development of urban area of Xi’an in recent years, the contradiction between ecological environmental protection and urban development has become prominent. The traditional remote sensing classification method has been unable to meet the accuracy requirements of urban vegetation monitoring. Therefore, how to quickly and accurately conduct dynamic monitoring of urban vegetation based on the spectral component characteristics of vegetation is urgent. This study used the data of Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI in 2011, 2014 and 2017 as main information source and LSMM, region of variation grid analysis and other methods to analyse the law of spatial-temporal change of vegetation components in Xi’an urban area and its influencing factors. The result shows that: (1) The average vegetation coverage of the study area from 2011 to 2017 reached more than 50 %, meeting the standard of National Garden City (great than 40 %). The overall vegetation coverage grade was high, but it had a decreasing trend during this period. (2) The vegetation in urban area of Xi’an experienced a significant change. From 2011 to 2017, only 30 % of the low-covered vegetation, 24.39 % of the medium-covered vegetation and 20.15 % of the high-covered vegetation remained unchanged, while the vegetation in the northwest, northeast, southwest and southeast of the edge of the city’s third ring changed significantly. (3) The vegetation quality in urban area of Xi’an has decreased from 2011 to 2014 with 6.9 % of vegetation coverage reduced; while from 2014 to 2017, the overall vegetation quality of this area has improved with 2.1 % of the vegetation coverage increased, which was mainly attributed to urban construction and Urban Green Projects. This study not only can obtain the dynamic change information of urban vegetation quickly, but also can provide suggestions and data support for urban planning of ecological environmental protection.
Foreign Direct Investment Spillover Effect on China’s Sustainable Development
Authors: Han Jiaxiang , Chen Ying , Sun Huijie
Published: April 2021

The unbalanced growth of FDI in China has seriously affected the coordinated development of China’s regional economies. Therefore, to achieve comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development, China’s main strategic task is determining how to adopt positive and effective FDI policies to reduce this regional imbalance in FDI. The purpose of this paper is to explore and study the spillover effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on China’s sustainable development. In this paper, based on the new political economics theory and overflow effects, comparative research and statistical research methods are adopted that combine static and dynamic analysis. Empirical research methods are combined with normative research to analyse the spillover effects of FDI on China’s sustainable development, particularly under the new situation of global crisis and the accompanying difficulties, to determine how to promote China’s FDI and the development of China’s sustainable progress strategy. The study found that in 2018, FDI in China reached a value of 13.466 billion US $, and the year-on-year growth in FDI in recent years has been basically stable at approximately 4 %. Asia is the main source of FDI in China. In 2018, the amount of FDI in Asia reached $109.1938.7 billion, accounting for 83.33 % of the total investment. Hong Kong, with its unique advantages, accounted for 72.12 % of FDI in China. FDI inflows are mainly directed to primary industry and the service sector, and the growth rate of foreign investment in 2016 in these sectors was 68.52 and 170.77 %, respectively, compared with 2007. FDI also mainly flows to the eastern region of China. By the end of 2018, the amount of foreign capital utilized in the eastern region reached $1,622.9 billion, representing 85.4 % of the aggregate FDI in China. The effect of FDI on China mainly focuses on three areas: economic growth, social development and environmental protection. FDI has brought positive spillover effects to China’s sustainable evolution, but with China’s continuous development, especially the change in its economic development mode, it has been consistently exposed to negative spillover effects.
Pollination Studies on Both Floret and Capitulum Levels in an Oil Seed Crop, Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.
Authors: Veereshkumar  , Kumaranag K. M. , Deb Dibyendu , Belavadi Vasuki V.
Published: April 2021

Niger, Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.), is an important oilseed crop widely grown in Ethiopia and India, but poor pollination is one of the major constraints in achieving the yield potential of the crop. Our aim was to understand better the pollination biology and role of flower insect visitors in reproduction success. Results indicated that full anthesis occured in the morning between 06.00 and 08.00 h and pollen dehiscence eight to eleven hours after anthesis. Stigma receptivity commenced nine hours after anthesis and lasted for the next 24 h. A total of eighteen insect species representing six families visited Niger flowers, and among these, Apis florea and A. cerana were dominant. The flowers were self-incompatible as there was no seed set upon the selfing of floret and selfing of capitulum. The maximum seed set (78.33±0.14%) was noticed when flowers were allowed for open pollination and the lowest was recorded when the whole plant was caged to exclude pollinator visits (0.33±0.67). The time spent by A. cerana and A. florea was 1.35±0.48 and 1.83±0.12 seconds per floret, respectively and 9.63±0.69 and 14.9±0.94 seconds per capitulum, respectively. A. cerana and A. florea were found to be more efficient pollinators of G. abyssinica. Introducing bee colonies might greatly improve the yield, and it is also important to conserve bees in the vicinity of G. abissynica fields during the flowering period. Hence, introducing bee colonies might greatly improve the yield of Niger.
Embryo transfer as an option to improve fertility in repeat breeder dairy cows
Authors: Nowicki Arkadiusz
Published: April 2021

Repeat breeding is a serious reproductive disorder in dairy cattle. The causes of repeat breeding are multifactorial and there are two main mechanisms: failure of fertilisation or early embryo death, mainly due to poor quality of oocytes and an inadequate uterine environment. Many methods have been used to increase the pregnancy rate for repeat breeder cows, such as intrauterine infusion of antibacterial agents or antibiotics, hormonal treatments for oestrus synchronisation and induction of ovulation, and progesterone supplementation or induction of accessory corpus luteum; however, the results were inconsistent between studies. Embryo transfer (ET) has the capability to minimalise the effects of poor oocyte quality and unfavourable uterine environments on early embryo development during the first seven days after ovulation in repeat breeder cows, and several studies showed that ET significantly improved the pregnancy rate in this group of animals. Thus, ET can be considered an option to increase the conception rate in repeat breeder dairy cows.
Synthesis, spectroscopic and thermogravimetric interpretations of UO2(II), ZrO(II), Zr(IV), VO(II) and V(V) ciprofloxacin antibiotic drug complexes
Authors: Albedair Lamia A.
Published: April 2021

New five ciprofloxacin (CIP) complexes of dioxouranium(II), oxozirconium(II), zirconium(IV), oxovanadium(II) and vanadium(IV) in the proportion 1:2 have been prepared using CIP as a drug chelate with UO2(NO3)2. 6H2O, ZrOCl2. 8H2O, ZrCl4, VOSO4. xH2O and V2O5 respectively. The CIP complexes have been characterized based on the elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic, (FTIR & 1HNMR) spectral and thermal studies. The molar conductance studies of the synthesized complexes in DMSO solvent with concentration of 10–3 M indicate their non-electrolytic properties. At room temperature, the magnetic moment measurements revealed a diamagnetic behavior for all CIP prepared complexes. The different formulas of the new complexes can be represented as [UO2(CIP)2(NO3)2] (I), [VO(CIP)2(SO4)(H2O)] (II), [V2(O)(O2)2(CIP)2] (III), [Zr(O)(CIP)2(Cl)2] (IV), and [Zr(CIP)2(Cl)4] (V). The thermal analysis data of the complexes indicates the absence of coordinated water molecules except for vanadyl(II) complex (II). The CIP chelate is a uni-dentate ligand coordinated to the mentioned metal ion through terminal piperazinyl nitrogen. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation confirms the nano-structured form of the complexes.
In situ methanolic solvent synthesis, spectroscopic and thermogravimetric characterizations of three new transition metal complexes of trimethoprim drug
Authors: Refat Moamen S. , Al-Humaidi Jehan Y. , El-Sayed Mohamed Y. , Hassan Reham F.
Published: April 2021

Trimethoprim drug (TMP) complexes of copper (II), cobalt (II), and nickel (II) were prepared and discussed by using elemental analysis (C, H, N analysis), magnetic, molar conductance, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, electron spin resonance (ESR) and UV-vis spectroscopy analyses. TMP drug coordinated as a tridentate ligand towards the respected three metal ions through two nitrogen atoms of amino groups and nitrogen atom of pyrimidine ring which flanked between –NH2 groups, these assignments confirmed by spectroscopic, magnetic, ESR and thermogravimetric analyses with formulas [Cu(TMP)(H2O)3]Cl2, [Co(TMP)(H2O)3]Cl2 and [Ni(TMP) (H2O)]Cl2. Copper (II) and cobalt (II) complexes have an octahedral geometrical structure included one TMP molecule, three coordinated water molecules and two uncoordinated chlorine atoms while, nickel(II)–TMP complex has a tetrahedral geometric configuration that involved one TMP molecule, one coordinated water molecule and two uncoordinated chlorine atoms. The activation energies and other kinetic thermodynamic parameters were estimated based on the employed of the Coats-Redfern and Horowitz-Metzger equations. The nano–structured form of the synthesized TMP complexes was confirmed dependent on the transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
The Hero in the Lyrical Epic Poem Detvan in the Context of Contemporary Nationalism
Authors: Fülöpová Marta
Published: April 2021

The analytical-interpretative study examines the depiction of literary characters in the lyrical-epic work Detvan written by Andrej Sládkovič. It interprets the ingenious system of relations between the Slovak nation represented by the main character Martin and King Matthias Corvinus. The study notes the shifts in meaning and symbolization of relationships in this work and reveals the influence of national ideology in the creation of characters and their relations. It proves that the relationship between the king and the main character is a poetic expression of the national program, and that the story line is determined by the Slovak autostereotype of a peaceful nation. The article was written on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of Andrej Sládkovič’s birth.
Individual Serum Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine Levels in Seven Freshwater Fish Species
Authors: Atanasoff Alexander , Zapryanova Dimitrinka , Urku Cigdem , Nikolov Galin
Published: April 2021

The thyroid hormones (THs) play an important role in the regulation of the rate of metabolism, affect the growth and function of different systems in the organism. The aim of this study was to assess serum concentration of total triiodothyronine (T3), total thyroxine (T4) as well as T3/T4 ratio in serum from healthy fresh water fish from Salmonidae, Acipenseridae, Cyprinidae, and Clariidae families to determine species-specific reference intervals. Mean concentrations of T3 and T4 levels varied significantly among fish. Finally, the test results show clear differences in the serum concentration of the T3 and T4 and give new insight into the thyroid hormones reference values in some commercial fresh water fish species.
A Short Review on the Biological Characteristics of the Species Esox Lucius, Linnaeus, 1758 in Caspian Sea Basin (Iran)
Authors: Kouchesfahani Navid Ebrahimzadeh , Vajargah Mohammad Forouhar
Published: April 2021

The Esox genus belongs to the family Esocidae. It is a freshwater fish that can be found in different parts of Europe, Asia, and North America. The Northern Pike, is a carnivorous fish, member of the only remaining genus of the Esocidae. This fish prefers to lead a solitary life due to the disadvantages of the presence of individuals of the same species which compete for food resources and territory. Waiting for a suitable situation to catch prey is a favoured hunting method, which means this specific species is a lie-in-wait predator. The elongated body and the broad snout are the most striking features used for the identification of this species. This lie-in-wait carnivorous predator mostly feeds on invertebrates and fishes. The species spawns annually. The special living conditions of this species and their endangered environment have made it necessary to avoid any acts that can affect their life quality.
Impact of Chaotic Urbanisation on Bengaluru’S (India) Urban Avian Diversity
Authors: Gopinath Rajesh , Begum Aftab Jahan , Joshi Gaurav , Anant Karthik Kudinoor
Published: April 2021

Bengaluru is facing the immediate threat of losing most of its native and migrant avian species due to urbanisation. In the current study, the most popular birding regions were identified; followed by the anthropogenic factors responsible for falling numbers of species. Finally, inferences were derived by analyzing the confluence of direct and indirect impacts. The study confirms instability in ecological and physiological factors, and postulates the need to monitor avian diversity, migratory behaviour, population sizes, distribution patterns, and conservation status.
System Architecture for Scenario-In-The-Loop Automotive Testing
Authors: Varga Balázs , Tettamanti Tamás , Szalay Zsolt
Published: April 2021

The paper describes a mixed reality environment for testing highly automated vehicle functions. The proposed Scenario-inthe-Loop test system connects real-time computer simulation with real elements being applicable at automotive proving ground. The paper outlines necessary hardware and software requirements and proposes basic system architecture. The limitation and bottleneck of the system are also identified: latency of the wireless communication constraints the accuracy of the test system. However, the presented framework can contribute to efficient development, testing and validation of automated cars. The Scenario-In-The-Loop architecture has also been justified by real-world demonstration using an experimental 5G New Radio network technology.
Road Design Criteria and Capacity Estimation Based on Autonomous Vehicles Performances. First Results from the European C-Roads Platform and A22 Motorway
Authors: Guerrieri Marco , Mauro Raffaele , Pompigna Andrea , Isaenko Natalia
Published: April 2021

Several European road operators and authorities joined the C-Roads Platform with the aim of harmonising the deployment activities of cooperative intelligent transport systems (C-ITS). C-ITS research is preliminary to future automated-driving vehicles. The current conventional highways were designed on traditional criteria and models specifically developed for traffic flows of manually guided vehicles. Thus, this article describes some new criteria for designing and monitoring road infrastructures on the basis of performance features of autonomous (or self-driving) vehicles.

The new criteria have been adopted to perform an accurate conformity control of the A22 Brenner motorway, included in the C-Roads Platform, and also to ascertain whether in future it may be travelled by automated vehicles in safety conditions. Always in accordance with the technical and scientific insights required by the C-Roads Platform, a traffic model has been implemented to estimate how the A22 capacity increases compared to current values, by taking various percentages of automated or manual vehicles into consideration. The results given by theoretical models indicate that the highway will be able to be travelled by automated vehicles in safety conditions. On the other hand, the lane capacity is due to increase up to 2.5 times more than the current capacities, experimentally determined through traffic data collected from 4 highway sections by means of Drake’s flow model.
Habermas e Honneth: leitores de Mead
Authors: Bunchaft Maria Eugenia
Published: April 2021

Mead foi um filósofo pragmatista americano que desenvolveu uma linha de pensamento denominada como interacionismo simbólico. Para o psicólogo social, somente pode existir um sentido de “eu” se houver um senso correspondente de um “nós”. A teoria de Mead é fundamental para Habermas  e para Honneth, pois não recorre ao individualismo metodológico, explicando os fenômenos sociais e o comportamento social em uma perspectiva intersubjetiva. Defende-se que a preocupação fundamental de Habermas, em sua releitura da psicologia social de Mead, se concentra em que o desenvolvimento do self alcance um nível de pós-convencionalidade. A preocupação de Honneth, ao resgatar Mead, vincula-se aos contextos de vulnerabilidade moral, ou seja, à possibilidade de evitar os danos que o self possa sofrer na formação da identidade pessoal. Sustenta-se, finalmente, que uma releitura da psicologia social de Mead com base no paradigma normativo da autorrealização não possui recursos teóricos com potencialidade para avaliar as injustiças contemporâneas e atender aos desafios propostos pelos novos movimentos sociais, porquanto a ampliação das dimensões de reconhecimento não pode basear-se em uma apologia da psicologia moral do sofrimento. Busca-se, portanto, apresentar um diálogo entre Habermas e Honneth sobre a psicologia social de Mead.
The use of effect size in veterinary medicine
Authors: AMBARCIOĞLU Pınar
Published: April 2021

Effect size is a statistical index that measures the magnitude of the effect generated by the variable of interest in a study, in a sense, reflecting the practical or clinical value of the study in addition to the statistical results. In recent years, it has become preferable to report the effect size expressing practical significance in addition to the statistical significance expressed by the p-value in hypothesis tests in scientific research, and even it has been required by some scientific journals. By reporting the effect size, it is possible to use it in statistical power analysis, to compare the results of the studies, and to determine the amount of the effect in the study. In this study, by mentioning the concept of effect size, some effect size indices calculated according to research designs are introduced with examples of the field of veterinary medicine.
Sagittal anatomic investigation of the rabbit liver
Authors: STAMATOVA-YOVCHEVA Kamelia , DIMITROV Rosen , DİLEK Ömer Gürkan , YOVCHEV David
Published: April 2021

The aim of the research was to study the topography of the liver and to image on computed tomography of the white New Zealand rabbit. We used ten rabbit cadavers. We obtained sagittal frozen cuts. At the level of the plane 10 mm to the left, the left medial lobe was cranial to the left lateral lobe. Caudally were the spleen, the left kidney and parts of the small and large intestines. At the level of the plane 20 mm to the left, the left lateral lobe touched caudally the stomach fundus and body, the papillary process was dorsal to the stomach fundus. At the level of the plane 10 mm to the right, the right lobe was cranially situated to the other lobes. Between the right lobe and caudate lobe were fundus and body of the stomach. Caudate process was caudal to the fundus of the stomach and dorsal to the cranial part of duodenum and ascending colon. It had anatomical contact with the right kidney. Papillary process covered the dorsal part of the stomach. At the level of the plane 20 mm to the right, the right lobe was cranial to the other lobes of the liver. The left medial lobe was covered partially by quadrate lobe. Gall bladder did not reach the ventral border of the liver. The left medial lobe was cranial to the body of the stomach. Caudate lobe touched the muscles of the spine.
WORK FAMILY CONFLICT PADA IBU BEKERJA BAGIAN PRODUKSI DI PERUSAHAAN GARMEN KECAMATAN PRINGAPUS KABUPATEN SEMARANG
Authors: Fadhilah Nurul , Pardamean Sijabat Yacobo
Published: April 2021

This study aims to describe the work family conflicts experienced by mothers working in garment production units in Pringapus District, Semarang Regency and to find out the reasons for working mothers to continue working in the public sector, as well as how to deal with work family conflicts experienced by working mothers. The analysis used is descriptive with in-depth interview data collection techniques with a total of 50 respondents who work in production units in garment companies. The results of the study found that some of the reasons for mothers to continue working were the desire to help their husbands, feeling more independent, other needs that must be met, the opportunity to work, the existence of other family members who are the dependents of the working mother, and the last is the desire of the mother to work. . Work family conflicts in working mothers lead to more time-based conflicts and strain-based conflicts. The way to deal with work family conflicts is to improve the quality of communication, make effective use of time off from work, ask for the services of household assistants or help from other family members, worship, complete work on time and make good friends with colleagues.
PENGARUH PENGEMBANGAN KARIR DAN PELATIHAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI KPPN DI SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Sihotang Jus Samuel Sihotang
Published: April 2021

Pengembangan karir dan pelatihan kerja merupakan faktor penting yang dapat mempengaruhi kinerja pegawai yang baik dalam suatu unit kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa pengembangan karir dan pelatihan kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai KPPN di Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini merupakan explanatory research dengan pendekatan kuantitatif yang menggunakan sampel sebanyak 48 orang pegawai dari beberapa unit kerja KPPN di provinsi Sumatera Utara. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner berskala Likert. Lalu data dianalisis menggunakan Pengujian Instrumen, Uji Asumsi Klasik, Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda, Pengujian Koefisien Determinasi dan Pengujian Hipotesis serta diolah dengan bantuan SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) versi 20.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan karir berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai. Pelatihan kerja juga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai. Secara simultan, pengembangan karir dan pelatihan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai pegawai KPPN di Sumatera Utara.

Kata Kunci: Pengembangan Karir, Pelatihan Kerja, Kinerja Pegawai
PANDEMI COVID-19 IMPLIKASI BAGI PEMBIAYAAN BANK SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Zahrotun Nihayah Ana , Hanafir Rifqi Lathif
Published: April 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic is the result of the spread of coronavirus that occurs almost all over the world. In Indonesia, covid-19 first occurred on 02 March 2020. At that time, Indonesian citizen was infected by one of the Foreign Nationals of Japan. The transmission of covid-19 is increasing for a long time, until now covid-19 has spread in almost all 34 provinces in Indonesia. Health problems that further adversely affect almost all sectors of the industry, one of which is the Islamic banking industry. Therefore, the Financial Services Authority (OJK) issued several stimulus policies as a measure of anticipation of customers defaulting. This research is a descriptive study with the aim to determine the impact of pandemic covid-19 on Sharia bank financing in Indonesia. The samples used in this study were 11 Sharia commercial banks. The results showed that there are 8 Sharia commercial banks experiencing a downward trend in breeding, especially in April 2020. It can be concluded that the impact of covid-19 has a decrease in Sharia banking financing. Policies carried out by each Sharia commercial bank related to the anticipation of covid-19 to its financing activities, each bank implements a financing restructuring policy to debtors affected by the spread of covid-19
Is Inclusion for All? A Presentation on a Literature Review of Teacher and Student Perception on Inclusive Education
Authors: Wu Gary
Published: April 2021

The adaptation of inclusive education is changing the way in which students with special educational needs are taught in various parts of the world. This educational reform was based on social justice goals and on effectiveness studies, yet the outcomes of newer studies raise questions regarding the adequacy of the feedback received from educators and students concerning the effectiveness of inclusive education. This inadequate or distorted feedback may interfere with the development of modifications to inclusive education, which could improve a student’s education and quality of life. This paper will present a literature review of post-1999 literature on educator and student perception of inclusion within their educational institution, and in the process, examine factors that affect educator’s expressed opinion of the inclusion reform. It also examines the social and academic impact of inclusion on special education need students, and briefly explores the state of modern special schools. While most educators report a positive attitude towards inclusion, they are less inclined to support the concept of “full inclusion”, and cite a variety of personal, student, and environment related problems associated with the inclusive classroom. Innovative strategies such as in-class collaboration were found to be effective in promoting academic and social progress for all students in inclusion. Schools that failed to make adjustments to teach the prescribed curriculum after adopting inclusion resulted in low social development for special needs students. A summary of the limitations to inclusive research, and recommendations for future reforms to inclusion, will also be presented.
Accelerated Aspirin Degradation in Pill Organizers
Authors: Rumman Amir
Published: April 2021

This aim of this study was to survey the rate of accelerated degradation of coated and uncoated aspirin tablets stored in pill organizers (POs). POs are multi-compartment boxes that patients commonly use to sort pills, especially if the medication regime is complex. The use of POs involves removing the pill from its original package and placing it in the compartment for extended periods of time. Although an effective sorting tool, POs might allow accelerated degradation of the drug since medications are subjected to more light, humidity and temperature. Degradation of medications entails many health hazards and concerns, hence the importance of assessing the rate of formation of degradation by products. A 31-compartment PO, which is commonly used at local retirement houses, was investigated. It is typically placed in a drug cabinet inside a bathroom. Aspirin degrades by hydrolysis to form salicylic acid, which causes stomach irritation. pH titration of aspirin tablets in PO and in original packaging was used to qualitatively establish that aspirin undergoes accelerated degradation in POs placed in bathroom drug cabinets. The percentage of free salicylic acid in coated and uncoated aspirin tablets was measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). %SA in uncoated tablets reached 1.503%, which is five times above the USP limit of 0.30%. Uncoated tablets reach the maximum limit after 18 days of storage in PO. Coated tablets remained within the prescribed USP limit of 3.0%. The findings of the study established that storing aspirin pills in POs for extended periods of time is an inappropriate practice as it accelerates the rate at which tablets undergo hydrolysis degradation.
The Assessment of Oil Sand Conditioning Using Droplet Size Analysis
Authors: Burns Alex
Published: April 2021

The transportation of oil sand via slurry pipeline reduces downstream processing costs because some separation of bitumen from the sand/clay matrix occurs during transit (conditioning). However, there is currently no real-time method for assessing the extent of conditioning inside a pipeline. We investigated bitumen droplet size analysis as a technique for determining the extent of conditioning in a slurry line by conducting field tests at Syncrude Canada Ltd.'s oil sand operation in Fort McMurray, Alberta. Slurry was withdrawn from two different pipelines at five specially designed sampling stations and the liberated bitumen droplets were allowed to float through a water-filled viewing chamber. The droplets were videotaped and analyzed using particle sizing software to determine the average droplet size and shape. This data was correlated to feed grade, slurry temperature and transport distance to determine if a relationship existed between the physical slurry properties and the droplet data. Results suggest that droplet size analysis can be used to assess the extent of conditioning inside an oil sand slurry pipeline in real time. This technology could be incorporated into the control scheme of an oil sand processing circuit to improve separation efficiency and reduce costs.
Ethnic Conflict: A Political Analysis of 1437 Transylvania
Authors: Sarsons Heather
Published: April 2021

Transylvania was, in 1437, a political community in which the interests of only a select few were represented. The definition of who belonged to the political community had a large impact on whose interests were reflected in the laws and policies that were set at the time. The presence of three distinct ethnic groups, the Romanians, the Magyars, and the Saxons, complicated this definition and, in consequence, whose interests would be represented. Although both were ethnic minorities, the Magyars and the Saxons held the majority of the political power in 1437 (Domonkos, 1983). Cultural friction between the Magyars and the Romanians resulted in the Magyars using their positions to deny the Romanians participation in politics, thereby preventing the Romanian culture from having any influence in Transylvania (Otetea, 1985). This paper examines the effects that the deprivation of political representation for the Romanians had on the political structure, laws, feudal obligations, and conscription policy in 1437 Transylvania and how this deprivation influenced the Babolna Peasant Revolt of 1437. Specifically, the Magyars were able to prevent the Romanians from receiving political representation by imposing restraints on who could participate in politics. This resulted in the denial of Romanian rights and allowed the Magyars to increase feudal and military obligations. As these burdens became more onerous, the Romanians became increasingly oppressed and were eventually forced to oppose the Magyars, giving way to the Babolna Peasant Revolt of 1437.
Landfill Expansion - Site Investigation Field Work
Authors: Branscombe Laura
Published: April 2021

Landfills are unpopular. They are dirty, smelly, environmentally unfriendly and potentially dangerous. Working with landfills is, perhaps, more unpopular. Being employed to expand the major landfill for a major city is a task that forces self-assessment, particularly when the land in question is pristine woodland with hiking and horse –riding trails. The understanding dawns when one focuses not on what is happening as a result of one’s work, but rather, what is not happening as a result of the work. Thousands of homes will be saved from polluted drinking water. The environment will not be severely affected and the area of influence of the landfill will not be so large. During my internship with Golder Associates, I had the opportunity to participate in the Site Investigation done to assess the technical viability of expanding a landfill. After an initial walkover, a grid was set up on the site, using machetes and chain saws. The forest was cleared on these lines by lumberjacks and the engineering team moved in to conduct a geophysical survey of the subsurface to assess the thickness of an underlying clay layer. That clay layer, if it is sufficiently thick, will protect the local water supply from escaped landfill leachate.
Is There a Fifth-Force? Using Galaxy Mergers to Constrain Dark-Matter Self-Interactions
Authors: McLean Maggie
Published: April 2021

Over ninety percent of the matter in the universe is believed to be “dark matter,” a mysterious form of matter the nature of which is still unknown. Since it cannot be detected directly, dark matter can only be inferred from its effect on visible matter. This leaves a significant gap in our knowledge. Without the ability to measure the influence of dark matter on other dark matter, we could miss a possible fifth fundamental force which mediates dark matter self-interactions. We propose a means of constraining the existence of a “fifth-force” by observing galaxies that are in the process of merging. Using numerical simulations, we examine the effect of including a hypothetical fifth-force on the tidal disruption of visible matter during galaxy mergers. We find distinct differences in the formation and appearance of tidal features produced during these interactions, providing an observable constraint on the strength of any “fifth-force.” The sheer volume of interacting galaxies that can be observed makes tidal forces a valuable tool in studying a fundamental problem that would otherwise pose a great challenge for physicists.
Sublime Visions: Piranesi and his Carceri Prints
Authors: Bell Gloria
Published: April 2021

This paper examines the philosophical concept of the sublime and its impact in the work of the artist Giovanni Battista Piranesi. The main focus of the paper is Piranesi’s Carceri series, created during the period of 1740 – 1760 in Rome. Although Dionysius Longinus wrote of the sublime several centuries earlier, this concept became popular in 18th century aesthetic theory, and Piranesi had access to the writings of Longinus and 18th-century followers of his ideas. According to Longinus’ theory, creating a sublime work of art required daring and great thinking. The sublime was a quality of experience meant to move the soul to a higher realm. Piranesi attempted to emulate this quality in his own works by invoking the grandeur of ancient Rome. Piranesi was surrounded by ancient ruins and he was actively involved in archaeological digs. He wrote on the wonder of observing the ruins of Rome, “these speaking ruins have filled my spirit”. At the same time, Piranesi was not only surrounded by classical concepts; the motif of the gothic arch, which conveys the idea of architecture reaching up to heaven, also plays a role in his prints and their evocation of the sublime. His techniques with etching, composition, and depiction of light show his creativity, skill, and ambition, consistent with Longinus’ ideas. The iconography of the Carceri prints, especially Plates XIII, XIV, XVI, expresses Piranesi’s interest in the sublime through imaginative compositions, relating tiny figures to lofty architectural spaces, and through his demonstrated pride in ancient Rome.
Using the Higher Learning Commission’s Assessment Culture Matrix to Support Continuous Quality Improvement of a Simulated Patient Program
Authors: Genereaux Molly , Nguyen Michelle , Bostwick Jolene R. , Vordenberg Sarah E.
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this commentary is to advocate for the use of the Higher Learning Commission’s Assessment Culture Matrix to support continuous quality improvement (CQI) of simulated patient (SP) programs. We will share examples from our program demonstrating our maturation as it relates to leadership, shared mission and vision, faculty, and resources. While we are at the beginning stages of engaging students, we continue to make progress accessing and systematically using assessment data. We anticipate that sharing our process for utilizing this matrix may help other institutions as they conduct CQI with their SP programs and in other areas of their assessment portfolio.
VALIDATING Pathways to Student Success and Retention
Authors: Lozada Neva , Croft Paul
Published: April 2021

Retention interventions focus on support programs, measures of success, and demographics. This study offers an alternate student-based narrative relative to student college preparation and self-diagnosed functionalities and compatibilities. We examine metrics that portray economic and environmental settings and social frameworks – as well as interactions, behaviors, and responses – that comprise first-year students’ experiences for the spectrum of engagement behaviors. We analyze the return on investment for student retention efforts at a four-year public university by applying a predictive and proactive retention model. We also discuss ensuring accessibility to services, diagnosing student intervention, and considering subsequent engagement behaviors.
Opening Act
Authors: Lewis Zachary , Kelly Katy
Published: April 2021

This article describes a private, mid-sized university library’s experience of hosting a music festival-themed event in the library building as part of new student orientation, with program evaluation and student learning assessment at the forefront of planning. The authors and co-planners will discuss four years of data to explore the connection between library outreach and students’ use of the library, their perceptions of the institution, and the role the event plays in shaping student success. It offers recommendations for collaborating with academic libraries and approaches in future cross-campus collaborations, including using a scaffolding approach to outline the goals and assessment of any orientation and outreach event.
Organized Activity Involvement Across the Transition to College
Authors: Arola Anderson Nicole , Huguenel Brynn , Bohnert Amy , Conley Colleen
Published: April 2021

This longitudinal study examined multiple dimensions of organized activity involvement during the first semester of college – including intensity, breadth, and continuity– and their relation to college adjustment. Results indicated that organized activity intensity during the first semester was positively associated with optimism, and organized activity continuity discrepancy from high school to college was positively associated with positive affect. Additionally, residential status moderated the relation between organized activity continuity discrepancy and optimism, as well as the relation between organized activity intensity and positive affect. Gender also moderated the relation between organized activity breadth and positive affect.
Metallic and glass spherules in the loose deposits of the Put river head (Middle Urals)
Authors: Sustavov S. G. , Dushin V. A. , Vlasov I. A. , Trutnev A. K. , Zhuklin E. A. , Prokopchuk D. I.
Published: April 2021

Research subject. The article examines exotic mineral formations - spherules (balls) of various composition and structure, found in the Neogene sediments of the interfluve of the Put-Bisert rivers within the eastern wing of the Yurizan-Sylva de-pression.

Materials and methods. The work was carried out using the authors' research results, the available data on similar formations both from the modern soil-vegetation layer, including peat and technogenic formations, and from more ancient Phanerozoic sedimentary, magmatic and ore complexes. The article uses the results of studies obtained by a scanning electron microscope “EVO MA 15” from ZEISS with an energy-dispersive attachment EDS “X-MAX 80” at the JSC “Mekhanobr” analytical laboratory.

Results. A detailed study of the surface morphology, dimensions, chemical and mineral composition of three types of spherules - magnetite, iron-chromium composition and barium and titanium oxide, similar to the stoichiometric formula of sanbornite - was carried out. The surface of the balls of the second type is heterogeneous in structure and contains growths, some of which have the form of a flat, flattened, square, skeletal crystal of a sectorial structure. The inner surface of the crystal has a fine-mesh structure. The cells have a complex, elongated structure. At the periphery of the crystal, the cells transform into hollow channels, indicating growth from the gas phase. In composition, the sectoral crystal corresponds to a solid solution between magnesio-chromite and herzenite with an admixture of nickel, calcium and silicon. The internal microstructure of iron-chromium spherules has a myrmekite, two-phase structure.

Conclusions. The obtained data indicate that such heterogeneous formations can be formed only in specific deep fluid-saturated high-temperature magmatic systems and delivered to the surface by hydrothermal fluids along weakened tectonic zones. The detection of these formations in the overlying sediments of the western wing of the Artinskaya anticline may indicate the proximity of large fluid-supplying deep structures that control the Bukharovskoye gas show.
PATOLOJİ SONUCU UTERİN LEİOMYOM OLARAK SONUÇLANAN OLGULARIN HEMATOLOJİK İNFLAMATUAR BELİRTEÇLER İLE RETROSPEKTİF DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: DEMİR ÇALTEKİN Melike , ONAT Taylan , AYDOĞAN KIRMIZI Demet , BAŞER Emre , GENÇER Ayla , KARA Mustafa , YALVAÇ Ethem Serdar
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Patoloji sonucu uterin leiomyom olarak sonuçlanan vakaların, yapılan cerrahi işlem, myom özellikleri ve eşlik eden patolojiler açısından değerlendirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Ayrıca; myom sayısı, büyüklüğü ve lokalizasyonuna göre inflamatuar belirteçlerin de değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Cerrahi sonrası patoloji sonucu uterin leiomyom olarak değerlendirilen 102 hastanın verileri retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Olguların yaş, gravida, parite, preoperatif ve postoperatif hemogram sonuçlarına hasta dosyalarından ulaşıldı. Myoma eşlik eden diğer jineko-patolojiler, myom boyutu, sayısı ve yerleşimi bilgilerine patoloji raporlarından ulaşıldı.Bulgular: Myom yerleşimi incelendiğinde olguların %44.1’inin intramural yerleşim gösterdiği, myom sayısına bakıldığında ise hastaların %61’ inde en az iki adet myom olduğu saptandı. Hastalara yapılan cerrahi işlemler retrospektif değerlendirildiğinde olguların %46’sına total abdominal histerektomi yapıldığı görüldü. İnflamatuar parametrelerle myom büyüklüğü arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde; ≤5 cm ile ˃5 cm myomu olan olgular karşılaştırıldığında nötrofil/lenfosit oranı ve lenfosit/monosit oranı değerleri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklı bulundu (sırasıyla, p=0.023; 0.038), ancak platelet/lenfosit oranı değerleri istatistiksel olarak anlamsız bulundu (p˃0.05). Hem myom boyutu hem de sayısı açısından incelenen olguların preoperatif ve postoperatif hemoglobin değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak bir farklılık saptanmadı (p˃0.05).Sonuç: Artmış myom sayısı ile lenfosit/monosit oranında azalma gözlenirken, myom boyutu artışıyla nötrofil/lenfosit oranında artış ve lenfosit/monosit oranında da azalma olmaktadır.
Retinoidy – mechanizm działania i zakres efektów niepożądanych po stosowaniu doustnym i aplikacji na skórę
Authors: Irlik Agnieszka , Piotrowska Anna
Published: April 2021

Vitamin A derivatives are increasingly used in cosmetic procedures and pharmacological treatment. They can greatly affect the appearance of the skin, but like all other active substances – they can cause side effects (SEF). The aim of the study was to show the problems in which retinoids are used in dermatology and cosmetology, the way they work and the indication of possible side effects. Methods of minimizing side effects were analyzed and SEF differences after systemic and skin application were checked. Side effects caused by the use of retinoids are very common, dose-dependent, and the level of danger for the body varies from mild (dry skin) to very serious (teratogenicity, depression). The decision about taking retinoid treatment is made by the specialist after the interview. The appearance of SEF may require modification of the form or dose, sometimes it requires cessation of treatment.