bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovative approach for suppressing corrosion of SS304 steel in saline water environment
Authors: A. Vivek Anand , V. Arumugam , S. Jayalakshmi , R. Arvind Singh
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The failure of structures and components made of SS304 steel because of corrosion in the presence of saline water environment is still an unsolved issue across the globe. Conventionally, coatings and inhibitors are used to mitigate corrosion. The purpose of this study is to propose a novel method to tackle corrosion by means of micro-patterning on the surface and to explore the relation between surface morphology, corrosion and wetting nature of micro-patterned SS304 Steel.

Design/methodology/approach

Groove-shaped micro-patterns were created on SS304 steel surface with varying ridge and channel widths. Wettability studies conducted on flat and micro-patterned steel surfaces using high speed camera. Corrosion tests carried out in saline water using an electrochemical test set-up to quantify the performance of micro-patterned surface over flat surface and scanning electron microscopic analysis to visualize the severity of corrosion on the surfaces of SS304 steel.

Findings

Wettability studies showed that the micro-patterned steel surfaces were hydrophobic. Corrosion rates of the micro-patterned steel surfaces were lower by more than an order of magnitude compared to that of the flat steel surface. Scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed that the micro-patterned steel surfaces had less surface damage compared to the flat surface.

Originality/value

The author shows that the remarkable corrosion resistance shown by the micro-patterned steel surfaces is attributed to their hydrophobicity, which reduced the contact between the surfaces and the corrosive liquid media. Results from the investigation indicate that micro-patterning of SS304 steel surfaces is an effective route to decrease corrosion.
From the organizational life-cycle to “ecocycle”: a configurational approach to strategic thinking
Authors: Dufour Yvon , Steane Peter , Corriveau Anne Marie
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to build on the configurational approach to strategic thinking – with the “écocycle” framework – to advance the understanding of the organizational life cycle. This integrative approach brings new insights into the dynamism of organizational life cycle.

Design/methodology/approach

This framework builds on analysis of the literature on organizational life cycle and extensive consulting and teaching experience with business executives.

Findings

The framework highlights the complex and dynamic nature of thinking and decision making in organizations. It suggests a spectrum of multiple ways of thinking over time, as strategy changes to accommodate each organization’s challenging environment.

Originality/value

The “ecocycle” framework progresses the understanding of organizational life cycle, by incorporating the diverse factors and features into a more unified, holistic and synthetic approach. The framework challenges the linear sequential view of organizational life cycle, and suggests the process of strategy development is not comprised of independent forms or alternative choices, but rather different business practices of organizations aligned with different stages of the strategic thinking cycle.
Static analysis of a balanced armature receiver
Authors: Ziolkowski Marcin , Kwiatkowski Wojciech , Gratkowski Stanislaw , Ziolkowski Marek
Published: September 2018

Purpose

A balanced armature receiver (BAR) as a special type of electromagnetic acoustic transducers plays a significant role in reproduction of music and speech, active noise control in modern hearing aid and in contemporary in-ear monitors. This paper aims to present a static analysis of the balanced armature receiver based on the lumped network approach (LNA) and the finite element method (FEM).

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the LNA and two-dimensional FEM are applied to model deflections of the BAR’s armature from the equilibrium position. Results of calculations are compared with measurements.

Findings

The derived analytical formulas and developed procedure allow for calculation of the armature deflection.

Originality/value

Comparing to the previous papers, the reluctance’s nonlinearity of the armature has been considered.
Zigzag and zeitgeist: motivation in organizations
Authors: Apter Michael J. , Desselles Mitzi
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to introduce an unconventional approach to personality and motivation, known as reversal theory, and to bring out some of its challenging practical implications, especially for organizations. The theory emphasizes frequent change and people’s tendency to “zigzag” creatively through life rather than be limited by fixed traits, or types, which limit their capabilities.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper introduces some basic concepts of the reversal theory.

Findings

Research shows, among other things, that there are four basic pairs of motivational states that people reverse between in the course of everyday life, that individuals vary in terms of their degree of “motivational intelligence”, and that organizations have contrasting emotional “microclimates” that can be controlled and changed by leaders as needs change.

Research limitations/implications

The theory has been developed from some 40 years of dedicated psychological research – observational, clinical, psychometric, and experimental – in many different countries and on a wide variety of topics.

Practical implications

The psychological theory was developed originally from work in clinical and counseling psychology and has always had an applied orientation. Practical concepts touched on in this paper include motivational intelligence, psychological reversal, and microclimates. These ideas have been applied in many different fields including personal and leadership development, workplace satisfaction, and customer relations.

Originality/value

The theory clearly contrasts with other psychological theories, has empirical support, and has proved itself in various applied contexts.
Islands as refuges for surviving global catastrophes
Authors: Turchin Alexey , Green Brian Patrick
Published: September 2018

Purpose

Islands have long been discussed as refuges from global catastrophes; this paper will evaluate them systematically, discussing both the positives and negatives of islands as refuges. There are examples of isolated human communities surviving for thousands of years on places like Easter Island. Islands could provide protection against many low-level risks, notably including bio-risks. However, they are vulnerable to tsunamis, bird-transmitted diseases and other risks. This paper aims to explore how to use the advantages of islands for survival during global catastrophes.

Design/methodology/approach

Preliminary horizon scanning based on the application of the research principles established in the previous global catastrophic literature.

Findings

The large number of islands on Earth, and their diverse conditions, increase the chance that one of them will provide protection from a catastrophe. Additionally, this protection could be increased if an island was used as a base for a nuclear submarine refuge combined with underground bunkers and/or extremely long-term data storage. The requirements for survival on islands, their vulnerabilities and ways to mitigate and adapt to risks are explored. Several existing islands, suitable for the survival of different types of risk, timing and budgets, are examined. Islands suitable for different types of refuges and other island-like options that could also provide protection are also discussed.

Originality/value

The possible use of islands as refuges from social collapse and existential risks has not been previously examined systematically. This paper contributes to the expanding research on survival scenarios.
Healthcare vs social sciences students: who identifies the most?
Authors: Barbarà-i-Molinero Alba , Sancha Cristina , Cascón-Pereira Rosalia
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse and compare the level of professional identity strength between healthcare and social sciences students.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a sample of 339 students, the authors conduct an ANOVA analysis in order to compare students’ professional identity strength across the abovementioned groups.

Findings

The authors’ results show that there are significant differences in professional identity strength between healthcare and social sciences students. In particular, healthcare sciences students show stronger professional identity than social sciences students.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the existing literature on professional identity in higher education by being the first study comparing student’s professional identity between bachelor degrees from different professional fields of study and by showing the relevance of discipline as a contextual variable in the study of students’ professional identity.
Research data management and research data literacy in Slovenian science
Authors: Vilar Polona , Zabukovec Vlasta
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the differences between scientific disciplines (SDs) in Slovenia in research data literacy (RDL) and research data management (RDM) to form recommendations regarding how to move things forward on the institutional and national level.

Design/methodology/approach

Purposive sample of active researchers was used from widest possible range of SD. Data were collected from April 21 to August 7, 2017, using 24-question online survey (5 demographic, 19 content questions (single/multiple choice and Likert scale type). Bivariate (ANOVA) and multivariate methods (clustering) were used.

Findings

The authors identified three perception-related and four behavior-related connections; this gave three clusters per area. First, perceptions – skeptical group, mainly social (SocS) and natural sciences (NatS): no clear RDM and ethical issues standpoints, do not agree that every university needs a data management plan (DMP). Careful group, again including mainly SocS and NatS: RDM is problematic and linked to ethical dilemmas, positive toward institutional DMPs. Convinced group, mainly from humanities (HUM), NatS, engineering (ENG) and medicine and health sciences (MedHeS): no problems regarding RDM, agrees this is an ethical question, is positive toward institutional DMP’s. Second, behaviors – sparse group, mainly from MedHeS, NatS and HUM, some agricultural scientists (AgS), and some SocS and ENG: do not tag data sets with metadata, do not use file-naming conventions/standards. Frequent group – many ENG, SocS, moderate numbers of NatS, very few AgS and only a few MedHeS and HUM: often use file-naming conventions/standards, version-control systems, have experience with public-domain data, are reluctant to use metadata with their RD. Slender group, mainly from AgS and NatS, moderate numbers of ENG, SocS and HUM, but no MedHeS: often use public-domain data, other three activities are rare.

Research limitations/implications

Research could be expanded to a wider population, include other stakeholders and use qualitative methods.

Practical implications

Results are useful for international comparisons but also give foundations and recommendations on institutional and national RDM and RDL policies, implementations, and how to bring academic libraries into the picture. Identified differences suggest that different educational, awareness-raising and participatory approaches are needed for each group.

Originality/value

The findings offer valuable insight into RDM and RDL of Slovenian scientists, which have not yet been investigated in Slovenia.
Evaluation and comparison of environmental performance for shackle insulators – a case study
Authors: Choudhary Kailash , Soherwordi Saad Ali , Singh Yashodhara , Sangwan Kuldip Singh
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to compare environmental performance of two shackle insulator manufacturing enterprises in India by evaluating and quantifying the life cycle environmental impacts in these enterprises using ISO 14040 guidelines.

Design/methodology/approach

All relevant life cycle phases – raw material, manufacturing, transportation and disposal – are considered. Primary inventory data for the two enterprises are collected through observations of processes at the sites. Ecoinvent 3.0 database is used as secondary data source. Process flow models are developed using Umberto software. ReCiPe impact assessment methodology is adopted to calculate environmental impacts in terms of endpoint categories of ecosystem quality, human health and resource availability; and midpoint categories of climate change, fossil depletion, human toxicity, metal depletion, ozone depletion, terrestrial acidification and water depletion.

Findings

This study has found that manufacturing phase followed by raw material extraction and transportation phases are responsible for most of the environmental impacts. This study also found that raw materials used in glaze preparation (manganese and ferrite), electricity, heavy fuel oil (C-9) and cotton have high environmental impacts in the manufacturing phase.

Research limitations/implications

The limitation of this study is that most of the inventory data are collected from only two manufacturing plants.

Practical implications

The researchers/enterprises can use the knowledge body for modelling and result comparison under different conditions. The enterprises can do the micro analysis of environmental effects of processes to improve environmental as well as economic performance. The government agencies can use the data for policy development and deployment.

Originality/value

The main contribution of the research is the creation of a knowledge body in the area of ceramic product environmental impacts. The paper provides inventory for the life cycle assessment (LCA) of shackle insulators using primary source (measured values) as no secondary data source is available for the shackle insulators. The inventory and results of this study can be used as reference for the future LCA studies in ceramic industry.
The influence of social responsibility on employee productivity and sales growth
Authors: Romi Andrea , Cook Kirsten A. , Dixon-Fowler Heather R.
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether B corps’ (for-profit entities whose owners voluntarily commit to conduct business in a socially responsible manner, beyond traditional CSR, that generates profits, but not at the expense of stakeholders) commitment to social issues influences two aspects of financial performance: employee productivity and sales growth.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is an exploratory analysis of B corps. This paper examines B corps with B Lab’s B Impact Assessment reports and PrivCo financial data, for descriptive information. This paper also analyzes the financial impact of obtaining and reporting on excellence in both employee and consumer focus, as well as the differences in financial growth between B corps and non-hybrid peers.

Findings

Overall, results suggest that, among B corps whose treatment of employees (consumers) is recognized as an “area of excellence,” employee productivity (sales growth) is significantly higher. Additionally, sales growth is significantly higher for B corps relative to their peer, non-hybrid, matched firms.

Practical implications

Results from this study inform states considering the adoption of the B corp legal status – this legal status does not hinder firm profitability, but instead enhances long-term firm value while allowing firms to beneficially affect their communities, consumers, employees and the environment.

Social implications

Results from this study provide important insights regarding the current paradigm shift from the traditional business focus on profit maximization to a fruitful coexistence of profits with social interests and initiatives, within a structure of dissolving national boundaries and increasingly divergent logics.

Originality/value

This paper provides an initial empirical examination of B corp performance.
A GIS analysis of the distribution of remittance enterprises in Republican Shantou
Authors: Ouyang Linhao , Zhang Zijian , Huang Xiaoling , Xie Shi
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to restore the spatial distribution of overseas remittance businesses in Shantou during the 1940s. It explores various socioeconomic factors that influenced the concentration of local remittance business investment in real estate. By reconstructing the spatial distribution of remittance business activities in Shantou, this study hopes to lay a foundation for further analysis of the business strategies of Chaoshan merchants.

Design/methodology/approach

This research draws on information from the published Swatow Guide, archival sources and cadastral maps to identify the location of remittance enterprises and the native place and overseas networks of property owners.

Finding

This study reveals that the spatial distribution of the remittance enterprises was determined by the native place origins of local property owners, and that the inflow of overseas Chinese capital contributed to real estate development in Shantou.

Research limitations/implications

Despite the limited access to Chinese official archives, this paper manages to identify several building blocks and neighbors in Shantou for spatial analysis.

Practical implications

This study is the first attempt to use the geographical information system (GIS) method in Chinese urban history research and hopes to establish a larger historical database of Shantou as a sample for comparison.

Originality/value

This investigation advances the spatial study of urban history and overseas Chinese remittances in the maritime society of South China.
Learning-structure fit part II
Authors: Sitar Aleša Saša , Pahor Marko , Škerlavaj Miha
Published: September 2018

Purpose

This study, which consists of two parts, investigates the influence of structure on the learning of individuals in organizational settings. This second paper (Part II) builds on the conceptual paper (Part I) and explores the relationships between three structural dimensions of individual work – formalization, specialization and standardization – on employee learning behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

Multiple regression analysis was used to test the proposed relationships. Data were gathered in a large multinational corporation; 90 employees from 12 units participated in the research.

Findings

The results offer support for some of the proposed hypotheses, showing that employee learning behavior varies depending on how activities are structured. Employees perceiving their work to be less structured, with lower formalization, standardization and specialization, rely on external sources of knowledge and experience double-loop learning, whereas employees with a more structured work are inclined to an individual learning style. Structure thus determines learning.

Research limitations/implications

Because this exploratory study used a single-company research setting, the use of multiple companies from different industries and additional measures of learning behavior are proposed to increase generalizability. A quasi-experimental research design would add to causality claims.

Practical implications

Implications for broader organization design practice to stimulate learning are proposed. Managers should be aware of the distinct impacts different structures have on learning behavior.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the discussion on the relationship between structure and the learning of individuals at work.
“They're treating us like Indians!”: Political Ecologies of Property and Race in North American Pipeline Populism
Authors: Bosworth Kai
Published: September 2018

While political ecologists have analysed the role of private property in creating and sustaining ecological inequalities, this approach does not often take property as a foundational element of racial capitalism. I argue that the defence of private property in contestation of North American oil pipelines demonstrates the centrality of property not only to the structural reproduction of capital, but also to its Euro‐American subject. Emphasising their affective attachments to land and resentment at dispossession, landowners and populist environmental organisations in the Great Plains frequently compared individual, white experiences of eminent domain to the historic and ongoing dispossession of Native Nations by suggesting “they're treating us like Indians”. In order to account for the reproduction of white supremacy in environmentalism, I argue that we must understand how its oppositional politics are linked to economic interests‐in‐land and affective desires‐for‐land that maintain landed private property.
Genotype and phenotype analysis using an epilepsy‐associated gene panel in Chinese pediatric epilepsy patients
Authors: Miao Pu , Feng Jianhua , Guo Yufan , Wang Jianda , Xu Xiaoxiao , Wang Ye , Li Yanfang , Gao Liuyan , Zheng Chaoguang , Cheng Haiying
Published: September 2018

Epilepsy is a common and genetically heterogeneous disorder among children. Advances in next‐generation sequencing have revealed that numerous epilepsy genes, helped us improve the understanding of mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis, and guided the development of treatments. We identified 39 candidate variants in 21 genes, including 37 that were pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics scoring system and two variants of uncertain significance that were considered causative after they were associated with clinical characteristics. Thirty were de novo variants (76.9%), and 20 variants had not previously been reported (51.3%). We obtained a diagnosis in 39 of the 141 probands (27.7%). The most frequently mutated gene was SCN1A; KCNQ2, KCNT1, PCDH19, STXBP1, SCN2A, TSC2, and PRRT2 were mutated in more than one individual; ANKRD11, CDKL5, DCX, DEPDC5, GABRB3, GRIN2A, IQSEC2, KCNA2, KCNB1, KCNJ6, TSC1, SCN9A, and SCN1B were mutated in a single individual. In addition, we detected a nonsense variant in a candidate gene KCND1 and considered it as a new candidate epilepsy gene, which needed further functional study. Consequently, large number of unreported variants were detected, diverse phenotypes were associated with known epilepsy genes. Changes in clinical management beyond genetic counseling were suggested.
Infiltration of Sulfate to Enhance Sulfate‐Reducing Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Authors: Wei Yunxiao , Thomson Neil R. , Aravena Ramon , Marchesi Massimo , Barker James F. , Madsen Eugene L. , Kolhatkar Ravi , Buscheck Tim , Hunkeler Daniel , DeRito Christopher M.
Published: September 2018

The lack of sufficient electron acceptors, particularly sulfate, can limit the rate of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs). Hence, there is a growing interest by remediation practitioners to deliver sulfate to a PHC impacted saturated zone to enhance biodegradation. When shallow contamination is present in a relatively permeable aquifer and site constraints allow, a cost‐effective approach is to apply sulfate on the ground surface. In this investigation a pilot‐scale experiment was conducted to increase our understanding of the delivery of sulfate using a surface‐based method and the resulting impact on a shallow PHC contaminated aquifer. A surficial infiltration pond positioned on the ground surface above a well‐characterized residual PHC source zone was used to control sulfate dosing. A high‐resolution network near the infiltration pond and downgradient of the source zone was employed to monitor relevant geochemical indicators and PHC concentrations. Compound‐specific isotope analysis (CSIA) was used to identify biodegradation patterns and to investigate the occurrence of microbial sulfate reduction. Selected metabolites and reverse‐transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses of expressed biodegradation genes (as mRNA) were also used to characterize the response of indigenous microorganisms (especially sulfate‐reducing bacteria) to the added sulfate. Three sulfate application episodes (5000 L each) at various Na2SO4 concentrations were allowed to infiltrate under a constant hydraulic head. Although the applied sulfate solution was impacted by density‐driven advection, detailed monitoring data indicated that the sulfate‐enriched water mixed with upgradient groundwater as it migrated downward through the residual PHC zone and formed a co‐mingled downgradient plume with the dissolved PHC compounds. The enrichment of δ34S of sulfate in conjunction with a decrease in sulfate concentration showed the occurrence of sulfate reduction due to the applied sulfate. Increased dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations associated with a shift toward more depleted values of δ13C of DIC was indicative of an input of isotopically depleted DIC from biodegradation of PHCs. Despite fluctuations in benzene, toluene, and o‐xylene (BTX) concentrations, the CSIA data for BTX showed that these compounds were biodegraded. The biomarker data provided supporting evidence that toluene and o‐xylene were undergoing anaerobic biodegradation due to sulfate reduction. This study provides insight into factors controlling surface‐based delivery of sulfate to shallow PHC impacted groundwater systems, and the value of isotopic and molecular‐biological procedures to augment conventional monitoring tools.
Application of Diagnostic Tools to Evaluate Remediation Performance at Petroleum Hydrocarbon‐Impacted Sites
Authors: Bouchard Daniel , Hunkeler Daniel , Madsen Eugene L. , Buscheck Tim , Daniels Eric , Kolhatkar Ravi , DeRito Christopher M. , Aravena Ramon , Thomson Neil
Published: September 2018

In situ treatment technologies for petroleum hydrocarbon‐impacted sites (e.g., multiphase extraction, air sparging, soil vapor extraction, or in situ chemical oxidation) usually rely on a specific chemical, microbial, or physical contaminant removal process. However, target contaminant concentrations can also vary due to other co‐occurring processes (e.g. delivery of remedial fluids, natural variability), which can confound the ability to demonstrate treatment efficiency. This technical note proposes a methodology that integrates several diagnostic tools to assess treatment performance. Stable isotope methods and biomarkers were selected because they provide process‐specific and, often, also compound‐specific information on contaminant removal. The isotope tools include compound‐specific isotope analysis that can be used to discriminate between a broad range of removal processes, and isotope analysis of oxidants and degradation end products to assess overall transformation of hydrocarbons. The biomarkers cover characteristic metabolites and functional genes on a mRNA rather than DNA level to understand biological activity more carefully. This technical note integrates information from laboratory and field studies, especially controlled‐field experiments where the tools have been evaluated side‐by‐side for different treatment methods. A tiered approach is proposed to deploy the tools in a stepwise manner until sufficient information is obtained to confidently identify the mass removal processes of interest and demonstrate efficacy of the intended treatment mechanism. The order of tool application considers the type of information that can be gained, the level of certainty, and the ease of implementation. The objective of this technical note is to enable widespread use of these diagnostic tools with the motivation to improve the efficacy of in situ treatment systems.
Enrolled nurses’ experiences of caring for patients living with HIV in a South African rural hospital
Authors: Mammbona A.A. , Mavhandu‐Mudzusi A.H.
Published: September 2018

Background

Most public hospitals in African countries are overpopulated with patients suffering from conditions related to HIV and AIDS. These patients increase the burden on healthcare providers, among which are enrolled nurses.

Aim

To explore enrolled nurses’ experiences of caring for patients living with HIV and AIDS at a public rural community hospital in the Vhembe district of Limpopo Province, South Africa.

Design

The study was underpinned by the interpretative phenomenological design.

Participants

A total of 11 purposively selected enrolled nurses who met the inclusion criteria participated in the study. The sample size was based on data saturation.

Method

Data were collected through semi‐structured individual face‐to‐face interviews guided by an interview guide. Interviews were audio‐recorded; and field notes were also taken. Data were analysed thematically following a framework for interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Results

The study revealed that enrolled nurses are working without adequate resources. They also experience minimal support despite the negative circumstances they are exposed to in the process of caring for patients admitted with HIV‐related illnesses.

Conclusions

A lack of resources, limited support and inadequate skills have a negative impact on the health care that enrolled nurses provide to patients admitted in hospital with HIV‐related ailments. Researchers recommend the importance of supporting and equipping enrolled nurses to provide quality care to patients living with HIV.

Implications for nursing and health policy

The findings have highlighted the challenges faced by enrolled nurses while caring for patients with HIV. The identified gaps will assist the Department of Health in developing policies to enhance the support offered to enrolled nurses and improve the care provided to patients with HIV‐related conditions that are admitted to rural hospitals.
Baby with the Bathwater? Examining the Relationship between Video Game Use and Relationship Outcomes and the Moderating Effects of Attachment Behaviors among Married Casual Gamers
Authors: Bradford Angela B. , Dobry Stella , Sandberg Jonathan G. , Coyne Sarah M.
Published: September 2018

We examined whether time together as a problem mediates the link between frequency of video game use and relational outcomes (relationship quality, relational aggression, physical aggression) among 431 married couples. We also examined the moderating effect of couple attachment behaviors on the association between time together as a problem and outcomes. There was no support for a direct or indirect relationship between gaming and outcomes; however, time together as a problem was consistently related to outcomes. Additionally, husband's and wife's attachment behaviors moderated the association between women's reports of time together as a problem and men's relational aggression. Clinical implications are discussed.
Indirect Reciprocity and Corporate Philanthropic Giving: How Visiting Officials Influence Investment in Privately Owned Chinese Firms
Authors: Jia Ming , Xiang Yi , Zhang Zhe
Published: September 2018

This study examines how privately owned firms that are listed on Chinese stock exchanges and often surrounded by Buddhist or Taoist temples use money to bind themselves to officials who can mitigate their underinvestment problems. Philanthropic giving is a traditional way of achieving this task. Based on social‐exchange theory, we consider the potential for indirect reciprocity, in which visiting officials do favours for local businesses that do favours for other social actors. We analyse whether China’s Buddhist and Taoist cultures influence how philanthropic giving induces visiting officials to do favors. We also examine temple locations and the behaviours of privately owned firms listed on Chinese stock exchanges from 2001 to 2012 in an empirical study that provides strong support for our arguments. Results show that philanthropic giving initiates and amplifies indirect reciprocity between visiting officials and local businesses, thereby increasing corporate investment. The magnitudes of these effects depend on the magnitude of religious norms. Our study thus illuminates the influence of visiting officials on corporate investment.
Paul Auster's Travels in the Scriptorium
Authors: Arce María Laura
Published: September 2018

Paul Auster's Travels in the Scriptorium is a novel that deals with the idea of space, but concretely, and, from the perspective of Maurice Blanchot's theory of literature, it is an illustration of the space of fiction. Auster creates a writer as the protagonist of his novel and makes him interact with the characters he has created in a dialogue in which the writer is not outside the space of literature but inside, living the fate he has decided for his characters.
Exploring the legal status and key features of ecosystem‐based fisheries management in international fisheries law
Authors: Arif Abdullah Al
Published: September 2018

Ecosystem‐based fisheries management (EBFM) has been considered to be a solution to the multifarious problems of fisheries management in areas within and beyond national jurisdictions. However, the literature has introduced different versions of EBFM and there are controversies among commentators concerning the legal status of EBFM in international fisheries law. This article seeks to examine the legal status of EBFM. It also explores the essential features that an EBFM model should incorporate to function effectively. The article argues that the implementation of EBFM has been gaining ground as a legal obligation in international fisheries law.
Driving pressure and acute respiratory distress syndrome in critically ill patients
Authors: Blondonnet Raiko , Joubert Elodie , Godet Thomas , Berthelin Pauline , Pranal Thibaut , Roszyk Laurence , Chabanne Russell , Eisenmann Nathanael , Lautrette Alexandre , Belville Corinne , Cayot Sophie , Gillart Thierry , Souweine Bertrand , Bouvier Damien , Blanchon Loic , Sapin Vincent , Pereira Bruno , Constantin Jean‐Michel , Jabaudon Matthieu
Published: September 2018

Background and objective

Elevated driving pressure (ΔP) may be associated with increased risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients admitted via the emergency department and with post‐operative pulmonary complications in surgical patients. This study investigated the association of higher ΔP with the onset of ARDS in a high‐risk, intensive care unit (ICU) population.

Methods

This is a secondary analysis of a prospective multicentre observational study. Data for this ancillary study were obtained from intubated adult patients with at least one ARDS risk factor upon ICU admission enrolled in a previous multicentre observational study. Patients were followed up for the development of ARDS within 7 days (primary outcome). Univariate and multivariate analyses tested the association between ΔP (measured at ICU admission (baseline) or 24 h later (day 1)) and the development of ARDS.

Results

A total of 221 patients were included in this study, among whom 34 (15%) developed ARDS within 7 days. These patients had higher baseline ΔP than those who did not (mean ± SD: 12.5 ± 3.1 vs 9.8 ± 3.4 cm H2O, respectively, P = 0.0001). The association between baseline ΔP and the risk of developing ARDS was robust to adjustment for baseline tidal volume, positive‐end expiratory pressure, illness severity, serum lactate and sepsis, pneumonia, severe trauma and shock as primary ARDS risk factors (odds ratio: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.03–1.41; P = 0.02). The same results were found with day 1 ΔP.

Conclusion

Among at‐risk ICU patients, higher ΔP may identify those who are more likely to develop ARDS.
New Soviet Woman: The Post‐World War II Feminine Ideal at Home and Abroad
Authors: PERI ALEXIS
Published: September 2018

Soviet Woman, a magazine published by the Kremlin‐backed Soviet Women’s Anti‐Fascist Committee, was a rare form of Soviet propaganda aimed at domestic and international readers simultaneously. Founded just after World War II, Soviet Woman was published in French, English, German, and Russian. It was part of the Soviet Union’s bid to become a global hegemon by exporting socialism–including its gender ideals–to the major combatants of the war. This article unearths the magazine’s origins, rooted in the Anti‐Fascist Committee’s correspondence with British and American women. It analyzes Soviet Woman in the context of this letter exchange, and it compares the journal to concurrent issues of popular women’s magazines aimed only at domestic readers (Rabotnitsa in the Soviet Union; Woman’s Own and Women’s Weekly in Britain; Ladies Home Journal, Women’s Home Companion, and others in the United States). The article argues that the editorial staff of Soviet Woman drew extensively on letters and periodicals from the United States and Britain in crafting a new model of Soviet womanhood, one that supported the Soviet Union’s postwar agenda but met the concerns, expectations, and tastes of Anglo‐American readers. The staff effectively reformulated Soviet womanhood to share features of British and American women’s experiences, including: the desire to return to work despite postwar lay‐offs; their fashion trends and styles; and their tendency to associate the female sex with pacifism. This feminine ideal upheld in Soviet Woman was created in consultation with the USSR’s capitalist opponents. The article presents Soviet Woman as evidence of Soviet women’s diplomatic activities and of cultural borrowing across the Iron Curtain during the late Stalin years, an era characterized by isolationism and anti‐Western sentiment. It focuses on the first ten years of the magazine’s publication (1945–56) and ends with the Thaw, when Soviet readers voiced opposition to the Western‐inspired Soviet woman disseminated by the magazine.
Non‐infectious diffuse vesiculobullous rash in a pancreas and renal transplant recipient
Authors: Rainey Anthony , Auerbach Jena , Shah Kairav
Published: September 2018

Solid organ transplant patients are well established to be at risk of herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus infection and reactivation. We present a case of a 41‐year‐old woman with a history of pancreas and renal transplant who presented with what appeared to be disseminated herpes simplex virus or varicella zoster virus induced rash, but who was ultimately diagnosed and treated as linear IgA bullous dermatosis. This case alerts physicians to other non‐infectious dermatoses as a cause of vesiculobullous rash in solid organ transplant patients.
Modeling Resident Spending Behavior During Sport Events: Do Residents Contribute to Economic Impact?
Authors: Agha Nola , Taks Marijke
Published: September 2018

The role of residents in the calculation of economic impact remains a point of contention. It is unclear if changes in resident spending caused by an event contribute positively, negatively, or not at all. Building on previous theory, we develop a comprehensive model that explains all 72 possible behaviors of residents based on changes in (a) spending, (b) multiplier, (c) timing of expenditures, and (d) geographic location of spending. Applying the model to Super Bowl 50 indicates that few residents were affected and positive and negative effects were relatively equivalent; thus, their overall impact is negligible. This leaves practitioners the option to engage in the challenging process of gathering data on all four variables on all residents or to revert back to the old model of entirely excluding residents from economic impact. From a theoretical perspective, there is a pressing need to properly conceptualize the time variable in economic impact studies.
Demographic and clinical factors associated with different antidepressant treatments: a retrospective cohort study design in a UK psychiatric healthcare setting
Authors: Fernandes Andrea C , Chandran David , Khondoker Mizanur , Dewey Michael , Shetty Hitesh , Dutta Rina , Stewart Robert
Published: September 2018

Objective

To investigate the demographic and clinical factors associated with antidepressant use for depressive disorder in a psychiatric healthcare setting using a retrospective cohort study design.

Setting

Data were extracted from a de-identified data resource sourced from the electronic health records of a London mental health service. Relative risk ratios (RRRs) were obtained from multinomial logistic regression analysis to ascertain the probability of receiving common antidepressant treatments relative to sertraline.

Participants

Patients were included if they received mental healthcare and a diagnosis of depression with antidepressant treatment between March and August 2015 and exposures were measured over the preceding 12 months.

Results

Older age was associated with increased use of all antidepressants compared with sertraline, except for negative associations with fluoxetine (RRR 0.98; 95% CI 0.96 to 0.98) and a combination of two selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (0.98; 95% CI 0.96 to 0.99), and no significant association with escitalopram. Male gender was associated with increased use of mirtazapine compared with sertraline (2.57; 95% CI 1.85 to 3.57). Previous antidepressant, antipsychotic and mood stabiliser use were associated with newer antidepressant use (ie, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, mirtazapine or a combination of both), while affective symptoms were associated with reduced use of citalopram (0.58; 95% CI 0.27 to 0.83) and fluoxetine (0.42; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.72) and somatic symptoms were associated with increased use of mirtazapine (1.60; 95% CI 1.00 to 2.75) relative to sertraline. In patients older than 25 years, past benzodiazepine use was associated with a combination of SSRIs (2.97; 95% CI 1.32 to 6.68), mirtazapine (1.94; 95% CI 1.20 to 3.16) and venlafaxine (1.87; 95% CI 1.04 to 3.34), while past suicide attempts were associated with increased use of fluoxetine (2.06; 95% CI 1.10 to 3.87) relative to sertraline.

Conclusion

There were several factors associated with different antidepressant receipt in psychiatric healthcare. In patients aged >25, those on fluoxetine were more likely to have past suicide attempt, while past use of antidepressant and non-antidepressant use was also associated with use of new generation antidepressants, potentially reflecting perceived treatment resistance.
Prevalence and identification of anxiety disorders in pregnancy: the diagnostic accuracy of the two-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-2)
Authors: Nath Selina , Ryan Elizabeth G , Trevillion Kylee , Bick Debra , Demilew Jill , Milgrom Jeannette , Pickles Andrew , Howard Louise M
Published: September 2018

Objective

To estimate the population prevalence of anxiety disorders during pregnancy and investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the two-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-2) for a) GAD and b) any anxiety disorder.

Design

Cross-sectional survey using a stratified sampling design. Sampling weights were used in the analysis to adjust for the bias introduced by the stratified sampling.

Setting

Inner-city maternity service, South London.

Participants

545 pregnant women were interviewed after their first antenatal appointment; 528 provided answers on the GAD-2 questions.

Main outcome measures

Diagnosis generated by the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (SCID).

Results

Population prevalence of anxiety disorders was 17% (95% CI 12% to 21%): 5% (95% CI 3% to 6%) for GAD, 4% (95% CI 2% to 6%) for social phobia, 8% (95% CI 5% to 11%) for specific phobia and 2% (95% CI 1% to 4%) for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence was unclear due to higher levels of reluctance to respond to PTSD interview questions but sensitivity analyses suggest population prevalence maybe up to 4% (95% CI 2% to 6%). Weighted sensitivity of GAD-2 for GAD (cut-off ≥3) was 69%, specificity 91%, positive predictive value 26%, negative predictive value 98% and likelihood ratio 7.35. For any anxiety disorder the weighted sensitivity was 26%, specificity 91%, positive predictive value 36%, negative predictive value 87% and likelihood ratio 2.92.

Conclusions

Anxiety disorders are common but GAD-2 generates many false positives and may therefore be unhelpful in maternity services.
Emergence of Spatial Patterns in a Damaged Diffusive Eco-Epidemiological System
Authors: Upadhyay Ranjit Kumar , Datta Jyotiska , Dong Yueping , Takeuchi Yasuhiro
Published: September 2018

In this paper, a spatial model has been designed to study a damaged diffusive eco-epidemiological system of Tilapia and Pelican populations in Salton Sea, California, USA. The nature of different equilibrium points and the existence of Hopf bifurcations are obtained. Conditions for Turing instability caused by local random movement of populations are derived. Numerically, the presence/existence of the wave of chaos phenomena is reported. Further, we show that the contact rate between susceptible and infected Tilapia population plays an important role in the distribution of the infected Tilapia population. The results suggest that the removal of infected Tilapia at regular time duration and controlling salinity will help to restore the system which provides a perspective for conservation strategy.
Revisiting the Teixeira Singularity Bifurcation Analysis: Application to the Control of Power Converters
Authors: Cristiano Rony , Pagano Daniel J. , Freire Emilio , Ponce Enrique
Published: September 2018

For a discontinuous piecewise smooth (DPWS) dynamical system in [Formula: see text], whose state space is divided into two open regions by a plane acting as the switching manifold, there generically appear two lines of quadratic tangency, one for each involved vector field. When these two tangency lines have a transversal intersection, such a point is called a two-fold singularity. If furthermore, both tangencies are of invisible type, then the two-fold point is known as a Teixeira singularity (TS).

The Teixeira singularity can undergo an interesting bifurcation, namely when a pseudo-equilibrium point crosses the two-fold singularity, passing from the attractive sliding region to the repulsive sliding region (or vice versa) and, simultaneously, a crossing limit cycle (CLC) arises. After deriving carefully a local canonical form, we revisit the previous works regarding this bifurcation thus correcting some detected misconceptions. Furthermore, we provide by means of a more direct approach the critical coefficients characterizing the bifurcation, also giving computational procedures for them.

The achieved results are applied to some illustrative examples, within the realm of discontinuous piecewise linear (DPWL) systems. This family acts like a normal form for the bifurcation, since DPWL systems are able to reproduce all the unfolded dynamics.

The study of TS-points in electronic DC-DC Boost power converters under a sliding mode control (SMC) strategy is addressed. Apart from being a relevant application, it allows to show the real usefulness of the analysis done.
On g-adic minimal asymptotic bases of order h
Authors: Sun Cui-Fang , Tao Tian-Tian
Published: September 2018

Let [Formula: see text] be the set of all nonnegative integers. Let [Formula: see text] be a subset of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be a nonempty subset of [Formula: see text]. Denote by [Formula: see text] the set of all finite, nonempty subsets of [Formula: see text]. For integer [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text] be the set of all numbers of the form [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be any integer. For [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we show that for any [Formula: see text], the set [Formula: see text] is a minimal asymptotic basis of order [Formula: see text]. We also prove that for any [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], the set [Formula: see text] is a minimal asymptotic basis of order [Formula: see text].