bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MERENJE I UPRAVLJANJE TRANSAKCIONOM IZLOŽENOŠĆU MULTINACIONALNE KOMPANIJE DEVIZNOM RIZIKU
Authors: Pobrić Nermina
Published: June 2016

Korporacije, institucionalni i individualni investitori izlažu se transakcionom deviznom riziku ako uđu u transakciju kojapodrazumeva izdavanje ili primanje određene količine strane valute na određeni dan u budućnosti. Transakcionaizloženost multinacionalne kompanije deviznom riziku je, prema tome, osetljivost realizovane u domaćoj valuti izraženevrednosti ugovorenih transakcija denominovanih u stranoj valuti na kretanja deviznog kursa. Ako transakciona izloženostpostoji, pred kompanijom stoje tri važna zadatka: ocenjivanje stepena transakcione izloženosti, odlučivanje o tome da lise zaštititi od ove izloženosti i u kojoj meri i izbor adekvatne hedžing tehnike ako odluči da se potpuno ili delimičnozaštiti od ove izloženosti. U ovom članku autor je ponudio moguća rešenja ovih zadataka da bi finansijskim menadžerimau multinacionalnim kompanijama olakšao merenje i upravljanje transakcionom izloženošću.
PRORAČUNSKI SUSTAV EUROPSKE UNIJE: POLITIKA RAZVOJA I PERSPEKTIVE FINANCIRANJA
Authors: Vukić Slavko
Published: June 2016

U prvom dijelu rada ukazuje se na osnovne osobine proračuna Europske unije, na njegove osnovne ciljeve, načela ispecifičnosti. U drugom dijelu se analizira razvoj proračuna od njegovog početka do zadnjeg višegodišnjeg financijskogokvira. U trećem dijelu se detaljnije definiraju vrste osnovnih izvora prihoda proračuna i njegovih rashoda. U zadnjemdijelu rada analizira se moguća projekcija u budućnosti proračuna Europske unije kroz njegov financijski okvir urazdoblju 2014.-2020. godine.
Barneansvarliges rolle, knyttet til barn som er pårørende til foreldre med psykiske lidelser – en fenomenografisk studie
Authors: Svalheim Ann-Kjærsti , Steffenak Anne Kjersti Myhrene
Published: June 2016

Child-responsible role, related to children as caregivers of parents with mental illness – a phenomenographic studyChildren as caregivers of parents with mental disorders are a vulnerable group. They have been invisible to service providers until recent years. These children have an increased risk of developing behavioral problems and impaired psychosocial functioning. In 2010, law amendments require that special health have child-responsible personnel, to ensure children and their families proper measures. There is little knowledge of how this role works. The purpose of this study is to uncover the perceptions child-responsible personnel have of their own role.The study is qualitative with a phenomenographic approach. Child-responsible personell have a special interest in working with young caregivers. They act as "watchdog" for colleagues and they provide guidance for parents. Follow-up of children is random where responsibilities are added to therapists. Child-responsible personnel collaborate with municipality, and public health nurse is specifically mentioned. There is still a way to go before the role works as intended.
«Eit givande, men krevjande lagspel for å betre tenestene». Brukarerfaringar frå samarbeidsforsking
Authors: Halding Anne-Grethe , Fossøy Aud Berit , Moltu Christian , Grov Ellen Karine
Published: June 2016

“A precious, but challenging teamwork for improved healthcare”.  Service users´ experiences from participatory researchIn spite of identifying the importance of service user (SU) involvement in healthcare research, few studies define specific activities.  Although an effective infrastructure is acknowledged as key to enable SU’s equal contribution, we, in Norway, recognize a lack of their involvement in studies on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Consequently, a preliminary project was designed to implement a research-training programme for co-researchers and seek their collaboration in a participatory research study on COPD. This paper reports the co-researchers’ experiences using a focus group interview. Through content analysis, we describe coresearchers’ experiences, which recognize the importance and challenges of participatory research.These experiences demonstrate how acknowledgement, a fruitful climate for collaboration, new insight and practical arrangements promote involvement, whilst too extensive training and vague expectations may hinder involvement. Empowering equality of relationships and involvement, particularly for co-researchers with failing health and no former research training, demands thorough planning and organizing.  Samarbeidspartnarar: brukarar Nina Maria Dolmen, Aud Jenny Jensen, Sissel Stavøstrand og Steinar Valvik, spesialsjukepleiar Grete Berg Grimelid, Helse Førde, ergoterapeut Evy Aarsheim, Flora kommune, og sosionom og PhD stipendiat Tone Larsen, Helse Førde
Korleis sjukepleievitskap materialiserer seg i lys av historisk oppkomst – kunnskapsgenerering i spenningsfeltet mellom klinikk og akademia
Authors: Sortvik Wenche , Boge Jeanne , Callewaert Staf , Petersen Karin Anna
Published: June 2016

How nursing science materializes related to historical origin – knowledge in the field of tension between the clinic and academia The focus of this paper is on the scientific development in nursing, and is based on an analysis of master-thesis in nursing science at the University of Bergen in the period 2005-2010 when the master title came to Norway (Sortvik 2011). The aim of this paper is on what focus a new scientific discipline as nursing science has developed through the thesis, and how it constitutes during a certain amount of time. The article starts with a presentation of themes and the basis of recognition. Then philosophy of science and methodologies that are the dominant tendencies will be discussed related to the historical origin of nursing science at the University of Bergen. The empirical theoretical and methodological approach is based upon the theory of the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu about understanding current practices in light of historical origin.Results: Majority uses qualitative method (71.4%), and is using phenomenological and hermeneutical approaches. The quantitative tasks (26.2%) are mainly anchored in medical terminology and are using medical statistics. Issues are mainly from the nurses own practices and practical utility are emphasized. Only one work is using mixed methods. Questions that will be discussed are why these master-thesis materialize in the way they do, and what kind of factors that influence opportunities and choices in nursing science?Artikkelen omhandlar sjukepleievitskapleg kunnskapsproduksjon, og er basert på ein analyse av mastergradsoppgåver i sjukepleievitskap ved Universitetet i Bergen frå perioden 2005-2010 (Sortvik 2011). Spørsmål som belysast er korleis eit ungt vitskapsfag som sjukepleievitskap gjennom eit tidsrom konstituerer seg som produsent av ny kunnskap. Artikkelen startar med presentasjon av erkjenningsgrunnlaget og tematikkane i mastergradsoppgåvene. Deretter diskuterast dominerande tendensar i lys av sjukepleievitskapens historiske oppkomst ved Universitetet i Bergen. Arbeidsmåten vert gjort i forlenging av sosiologen Pierre Bourdieus teori om å forstå notidige praktikkar i historisk lys.Resultat: Fleirtalet av oppgåvene er kvalitative (71,4%), og nyttar fenomenologisk og hermeneutisk tilnærming. Dei kvantitative oppgåvene (26,2%) er hovudsakleg forankra i medisinsk fagterminologi. Problemstillingane er i hovudsak frå eigen praksis og praktisk nytteeffekt vert vektlagt. Ei av mastergradsoppgåvene kombinerer kvalitativ og kvantitativ tilnærming.Spørsmål som vert diskutert er korleis det kan ha seg at mastergradsoppgåvene framstår som dei gjer, og kva som påverkar sjukepleias handlerom i det akademiske felt?
Crack-free GaN substrates grown by the Na-flux method with a sapphire dissolution technique
Authors: Yamada Takumi , Imanishi Masayuki , Nakamura Kosuke , Murakami Kosuke , Imabayashi Hiroki , Matsuo Daisuke , Honjo Masatomo , Maruyama Mihoko , Imade Mamoru , Yoshimura Masashi , Mori Yusuke
Published: June 2016

GaN wafers are generally fabricated by separating a foreign substrate from a GaN layer using thermal stress; however, thermal stress also leads to the cracking of the GaN layer. In this study, we first succeeded in dissolving a sapphire substrate just after Na-flux growth by successively changing the flux content for GaN growth (Ga–Na–C) to that for dissolving sapphire (Ga–Na–C–Li) at the considered growth temperature. Hence, no thermal stress was induced in the grown GaN crystals, resulting in a crack-free GaN substrate. We concluded that this process is a good candidate technique for supplying free-standing GaN substrates.
Tipo de tratamiento farmacológico y deterioro de la función pulmonar en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2: un estudio de corte transversal
Authors: Vargas Henry A. , Rondón Martín , Dennis Rodolfo
Published: June 2016

Introducción. La relación de la diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 con el deterioro de la función pulmonar no es clara, como tampoco si el tipo de tratamiento modifica los parámetros espirométricos e inflamatorios.
Objetivo. Comparar la función pulmonar de pacientes con diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 tratados con un agente de sensibilización a la insulina (metformina) y de los tratados con secretagogos, así como de estos combinados con insulinas, y evaluar las diferencias en los biomarcadores de inflamación de los grupos.
Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio analítico de corte transversal en 196 pacientes con diabetes mellitus de tipo 2. Se midieron las variables espirométricas y la concentración sanguínea de biomarcadores de inflamación (ferritina, fibrinógeno, proteína C reactiva, interleucina 6 y factor de necrosis tumoral alfa). Se analizaron los valores residuales (valores observados menos valores predichos) para la capacidad vital forzada y el volumen espiratorio forzado en los diferentes tipos de tratamiento. También, se compararon las diferencias en las medianas de las concentraciones de los biomarcadores, según los tipos de tratamiento.
Resultados. Después de ajustar según los factores determinantes de la función pulmonar y el control y la duración de la diabetes mellitus de tipo 2, los valores esperados de la capacidad vital forzada de los pacientes tratados con agentes de sensibilización a la insulina fue menor que los de aquellos tratados con secretagogos (-212,1 ml Vs. -270,2 ml; p=0,039), y lo mismo se registró en el volumen espiratorio forzado durante el primer segundo (-133,2 ml Vs. -174,8 ml; p>0,05), aunque dichas diferencias no fueron estadísticamente significativas. En el grupo de pacientes tratados con agentes de sensibilización a la insulina, las concentraciones de ferritina y del factor de necrosis tumoral alfa fueron menores (p<0,01).
Conclusión. Los resultados de este estudio respaldan la hipótesis de que los agentes de sensibilización a la insulina estarían asociados con un menor deterioro de la función pulmonar y una menor inflamación sistémica en los pacientes diabéticos. Asimismo, sirve como base para la formulación de nuevas hipótesis y trabajos de investigación.
Day‐to‐day variability in the thermosphere and its impact on plasmasphere refilling
Authors: Krall J. , Emmert J. T. , Sassi F. , McDonald S. E. , Huba J. D.
Published: June 2016

Satellite drag data showing significant (20%) short‐term variations in atmospheric mass density are presented. These data, along with the Naval Research Laboratory SAMI3 (Sami3 is Also a Model of the Ionosphere) ionosphere/plasmasphere model and the WACCM (Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model) atmosphere model are used to estimate day‐to‐day variability in thermosphere composition, thermosphere winds, and exosphere temperatures and the effect of this variability on plasmasphere refilling rates. This assessment is guided by SAMI3 modeling showing that modest (20%) decreases in thermospheric density and exospheric temperature can lead to large (60%) increases in plasmaspheric refilling rates and that changes in the thermospheric wind pattern can have a similar effect. Results suggest that day‐to‐day variability in thermospheric wind and composition could affect plasmaspheric refilling rates by 50 to 100%.
Separating the effects of phenology and diffuse radiation on gross primary productivity in winter wheat
Authors: Williams Ian N. , Riley William J. , Kueppers Lara M. , Biraud Sebastien C. , Torn Margaret S.
Published: June 2016

Gross primary productivity (GPP) has been reported to increase with the fraction of diffuse solar radiation, for a given total irradiance. The correlation between GPP and diffuse radiation suggests effects of diffuse radiation on canopy light‐use efficiency, but potentially confounding effects of vegetation phenology have not been fully explored. We applied several approaches to control for phenology, using 8 years of eddy‐covariance measurements of winter wheat in the U.S. Southern Great Plains. The apparent enhancement of daily GPP due to diffuse radiation was reduced from 260% to 75%, after subsampling over the peak growing season or by subtracting a 15 day moving average of GPP, suggesting a role of phenology. The diffuse radiation effect was further reduced to 22% after normalizing GPP by a spectral reflectance index to account for phenological variations in leaf area index LAI and canopy photosynthetic capacity. Canopy photosynthetic capacity covaries with diffuse fraction at a given solar irradiance at this site because both factors are dependent on day of year or solar zenith angle. Using a two‐leaf Sun‐shaded canopy radiative transfer model, we confirmed that the effects of phenological variations in photosynthetic capacity can appear qualitatively similar to the effects of diffuse radiation on GPP and therefore can be difficult to distinguish using observations. The importance of controlling for phenology when inferring diffuse radiation effects on GPP raises new challenges and opportunities for using radiation measurements to improve carbon cycle models.
Stochastic simulation of soil particle‐size curves in heterogeneous aquifer systems through a Bayes space approach
Authors: Menafoglio A. , Guadagnini A. , Secchi P.
Published: June 2016

We address the problem of stochastic simulation of soil particle‐size curves (PSCs) in heterogeneous aquifer systems. Unlike traditional approaches that focus solely on a few selected features of PSCs (e.g., selected quantiles), our approach considers the entire particle‐size curves and can optionally include conditioning on available data. We rely on our prior work to model PSCs as cumulative distribution functions and interpret their density functions as functional compositions. We thus approximate the latter through an expansion over an appropriate basis of functions. This enables us to (a) effectively deal with the data dimensionality and constraints and (b) to develop a simulation method for PSCs based upon a suitable and well defined projection procedure. The new theoretical framework allows representing and reproducing the complete information content embedded in PSC data. As a first field application, we demonstrate the quality of unconditional and conditional simulations obtained with our methodology by considering a set of particle‐size curves collected within a shallow alluvial aquifer in the Neckar river valley, Germany.
Relation of the double‐ITCZ bias to the atmospheric energy budget in climate models
Authors: Adam Ori , Schneider Tapio , Brient Florent , Bischoff Tobias
Published: June 2016

We examine how tropical zonal mean precipitation biases in current climate models relate to the atmospheric energy budget. Both hemispherically symmetric and antisymmetric tropical precipitation biases contribute to the well‐known double‐Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) bias; however, they have distinct signatures in the energy budget. Hemispherically symmetric biases in tropical precipitation are proportional to biases in the equatorial net energy input; hemispherically antisymmetric biases are proportional to the atmospheric energy transport across the equator. Both relations can be understood within the framework of recently developed theories. Atmospheric net energy input biases in the deep tropics shape both the symmetric and antisymmetric components of the double‐ITCZ bias. Potential causes of these energetic biases and their variation across climate models are discussed.
Nonstorm time dropout of radiation belt electron fluxes on 24 September 2013
Authors: Su Zhenpeng , Gao Zhonglei , Zhu Hui , Li Wen , Zheng Huinan , Wang Yuming , Wang Shui , Spence H. E. , Reeves G. D. , Baker D. N. , Blake J. B. , Funsten H. O. , Wygant J. R.
Published: June 2016

Radiation belt electron flux dropouts during the main phase of geomagnetic storms have received increasing attention in recent years. Here we focus on a rarely reported nonstorm time dropout event observed by Van Allen Probes on 24 September 2013. Within several hours, the radiation belt electron fluxes exhibited a significant (up to 2 orders of magnitude) depletion over a wide range of radial distances (L > 4.5), energies (∼500 keV to several MeV) and equatorial pitch angles (0°≤αe≤180°). STEERB simulations show that the relativistic electron loss in the region L = 4.5–6.0 was primarily caused by the pitch angle scattering of observed plasmaspheric hiss and electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves. Our results emphasize the complexity of radiation belt dynamics and the importance of wave‐driven precipitation loss even during nonstorm times.
Convective and large‐scale mass flux profiles over tropical oceans determined from synergistic analysis of a suite of satellite observations
Authors: Masunaga Hirohiko , Luo Zhengzhao Johnny
Published: June 2016

A new, satellite‐based methodology is developed to evaluate convective mass flux and large‐scale total mass flux. To derive the convective mass flux, candidate profiles of in‐cloud vertical velocity are first constructed with a simple plume model under the constraint of ambient sounding and then narrowed down to the solution that matches satellite‐derived cloud top buoyancy. Meanwhile, the large‐scale total mass flux is provided separately from satellite soundings by a method developed previously. All satellite snapshots are sorted into a composite time series that delineates the evolution of a vigorous and organized convective system. Principal findings are the following. First, convective mass flux is modulated primarily by convective cloud cover, with the intensity of individual convection being less variable over time. Second, convective mass flux dominates the total mass flux only during the early hours of the convective evolution; as convective system matures, a residual mass flux builds up in the mass flux balance that is reminiscent of stratiform dynamics. The method developed in this study is expected to be of unique utility for future observational diagnosis of tropical convective dynamics and for evaluation of global climate model cumulus parameterizations in a global sense.
Radio emissions from double RHESSI TGFs
Authors: Mezentsev Andrew , Østgaard Nikolai , Gjesteland Thomas , Albrechtsen Kjetil , Lehtinen Nikolai , Marisaldi Martino , Smith David , Cummer Steven
Published: June 2016

A detailed analysis of Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) is performed in association with World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) sources and very low frequency (VLF) sferics recorded at Duke University. RHESSI clock offset is evaluated and found to experience changes on the 5 August 2005 and 21 October 2013, based on the analysis of TGF‐WWLLN matches. The clock offsets were found for all three periods of observations with standard deviations less than 100 μs. This result opens the possibility for the precise comparative analyses of RHESSI TGFs with the other types of data (WWLLN, radio measurements, etc.) In case of multiple‐peak TGFs, WWLLN detections are observed to be simultaneous with the last TGF peak for all 16 cases of multipeak RHESSI TGFs simultaneous with WWLLN sources. VLF magnetic field sferics were recorded for two of these 16 events at Duke University. These radio measurements also attribute VLF sferics to the second peak of the double TGFs, exhibiting no detectable radio emission during the first TGF peak. Possible scenarios explaining these observations are proposed. Double (multipeak) TGFs could help to distinguish between the VLF radio emission radiated by the recoil currents in the +IC leader channel and the VLF emission from the TGF producing electrons.
Uniaxial Compaction‐Based Manufacturing Strategy and 3D Microstructural Evaluation of Near‐Net‐Shaped ZrO2‐Toughened Al2O3 Acetabular Socket
Authors: Sarkar Debasish , Sambi Reddy Bhimavarapu , Mandal Sourav , RaviSankar Mamilla , Basu Bikramjit
Published: June 2016

The article presents computer‐aided design approach and discusses an integrated manufacturing protocol to fabricate ZrO2‐toughened Al2O3 (ZTA) prototype with excellent geometrical conformity. In particular, a powder mixture of 95 wt% Al2O3–5 wt% ZrO2 with 800 ppm MgO sinter aid is uniaxially compacted at 200 kN, followed by pre‐sintering‐machining‐final sintering. The finishing of ZTA socket to obtain submicron surface roughness (Ra ≈ 0.01 μm) is accomplished using polymer rheological medium with silicon carbide abrasives. Summarizing, the uniqueness of uniaxial compaction‐based processing approach is established to fabricate scalable near‐net‐shaped acetabular ceramic sockets having uniform ZrO2 distribution in 3D microstructure of ZTA, as analyzing using microcomputed tomography.
Synthesis and catalytic study of open metal site metal–organic frameworks of Cu3(BTC)2 microbelts in selective organic sulfide oxidation
Authors: Rostamnia Sadegh , Alamgholiloo Hassan , Jafari Maryam , Rookhosh Rezan , Abbasi Amir Reza
Published: June 2016

The synthesis of open metal site metal–organic frameworks of Cu3(BTC)2 with microbelt morphology and a study of the catalytic oxidation of organic sulfides are reported. This CuBTC was found to be an efficient, selective and waste‐free green heterogeneous co‐catalyst for the green H2O2 catalytic oxidation of sulfides. The catalyst can be isolated from the reaction mixture and reused at least five times. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of supercritical carbon dioxide treatment on the morphology of poly(l‐lactide)
Authors: Tsutsumi Chikara , Watanabe Ryouji , Tokumaru Ayaka , Kuwaoka Nao , Nakayama Yuushou , Shiono Takeshi
Published: June 2016

Synthetic l‐lactide random copolymers can be employed as controlled release materials when prepared using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), since they are biodegradable via hydrolysis. To determine the effects of thermal properties on polymer performance following scCO2 processing, three types of poly(l‐lactide) having different properties were assessed. The Tm of one poly(l‐lactide) sample (H‐100) was found to be approximately 170 °C over the processing pressure range from 8 to 18 MPa, while a second sample (H‐440) also showed a constant value of approximately 152 °C. In contrast, the poly(l‐lactide) REVODE exhibited a Tm of 146 °C prior to processing but a higher value of 147 °C following treatment at 8 MPa. Unlike the H‐100 and H‐440, the Tm value of the REVODE tended to decrease with increasing pressure. The Tg values increased greatly under mild conditions of 8 MPa pressure and a temperature of 40 °C. In particular, the Tg values for the H‐440 and REVODE increased by 4 °C and 5 °C, respectively. All Tg values were lowest at 12 MPa and increased with increasing processing pressure, although the effect of processing temperature was minimal. The Χc DSC of the H‐100 was 18% initially but increased to 20% upon scCO2 processing at 40 °C and 14 MPa, and showed further increases at higher processing temperatures. Although the relationship between processing temperature and Χc DSC values for the H‐440 showed the same trend as observed with the H‐100, a different trend was seen for the REVODE. The Χc XRD values obtained from the XRD analyses differed from the values generated by DSC analysis, and showed a maximum degree of crystallinity following processing at 80 °C both with and without scCO2 treatment. ATR FT‐IR analyses identified peaks due to semicrystalline regions in poly(l‐lactide) samples treated with scCO2, even when applying low temperatures. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44006.
Mechanical properties of composites with chicken feather and glass fibers
Authors: Zhan M. , Wool Richard P.
Published: June 2016

Chicken feather fibers (CFFs) have potential application in light weight composites. We investigated the physical properties of epoxy polymer composites reinforced with CFFs and glass fibers. CFFs or hybrid fiber (glass fiber and CFFs) composites reduced the density upto 30–40% when compared with glass fiber reinforced composites. The CFF composites has a storage modulus of about 3.5 GPa and a flexural strength of about 50–80 MPa. The hybrid fiber composite has better mechanical properties than CFF composites while having increased bio‐based content. This study demonstrated a new way to utilize CFFs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44013.
Did sex chromosome turnover promote divergence of the major mammal groups?
Authors: Graves Jennifer A. M.
Published: June 2016

Comparative mapping and sequencing show that turnover of sex determining genes and chromosomes, and sex chromosome rearrangements, accompany speciation in many vertebrates. Here I review the evidence and propose that the evolution of therian mammals was precipitated by evolution of the male‐determining SRY gene, defining a novel XY sex chromosome pair, and interposing a reproductive barrier with the ancestral population of synapsid reptiles 190 million years ago (MYA). Divergence was reinforced by multiple translocations in monotreme sex chromosomes, the first of which supplied a novel sex determining gene. A sex chromosome‐autosome fusion may have separated eutherians (placental mammals) from marsupials 160 MYA. Another burst of sex chromosome change and speciation is occurring in rodents, precipitated by the degradation of the Y. And although primates have a more stable Y chromosome, it may be just a matter of time before the same fate overtakes our own lineage.

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Utilization of discard bovine bone as a support for immobilization of recombinant Rhizopus oryzae lipase expressed in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Clementz Adriana L. , Del Peso Gonzalo , Canet Albert , Yori Juan C. , Valero Francisco
Published: June 2016

In this study the possibility of using discard bovine bone as support for immobilization of Rhizopus oryzae lipase expressed in Pichia pastoris was analyzed. Discard bovine bone were milled and then subjected to a chemical treatment with acetone in order to remove lipids and blood traces. Two types of supports were evaluated: bovine bone and calcined bovine bone for 2 h at 600°C. Supports were characterized by: ICP, SEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS, and N2 adsorption isotherms. Calcined bovine bone presented appropriate characteristics for the lipase immobilization due to the removal of collagen: high porosity, large surface area and suitable porous structure. Biocatalysts were prepared with different initial enzyme load. For the equilibrium adsorption studies, the Langmuir isotherm was used to fit the data results. The immobilization occurs in monolayer to a value of 35 UA mg−1. The activities of biocatalysts were tested in transesterification reaction of olive oil. For the enzyme load used in the test, a final yield percentage of 49.6 was achieved after six methanol additions and 180 min of reaction, similar values were obtained using Relizyme as support. Therefore, the bovine bone discard is an economical and appropriate choice for use support immobilization of enzymes. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:1246–1253, 2016
Fluorescence Probe for Detecting CCG Trinucleotide Repeat DNA Expansion and Slip‐Out
Authors: Shibata Tomonori , Nakatani Kazuhiko
Published: June 2016

Trinucleotide repeat expansion in genomic DNA causes severe neurodegenerative diseases. Fluorescence probes that bind to trinucleotide repeats have potential as diagnostic tools of trinucleotide repeat disorders. Here, we report a novel tricyclic ligand that binds to CCG trinucleotide repeat DNA. The expansion of the aromatic ring system of the 2‐amino‐1,8‐naphthyridine chromophore from the bicyclic to the tricyclic improved the binding ability to the CCG/CCG motif without losing the selectivity and emissive character. The fluorescence sensitively decreased in response to binding to the CCG trinucleotide repeat. The degree of quenching depended on the number of CCG repeats. In addition, the fluorescence detection was applicable to CCG slip‐out DNA.
Passive permeability and effective pore size of HeLa cell nuclear membranes
Authors: Samudram Arunkarthick , Mangalassery Bijeesh M. , Kowshik Meenal , Patincharath Nandakumar , Varier Geetha K.
Published: June 2016

Nuclear pore complexes in the nuclear membrane act as the sole gateway of transport of molecules from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and vice versa. Studies on biomolecular transport through nuclear membranes provide vital data on the nuclear pore complexes. In this work, we use fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labeled dextran molecules as a model system and study the passive nuclear import of biomolecules through nuclear pore complexes in digitonin‐permeabilized HeLa cells. Experiments are carried out under transient conditions in the time lapse imaging scheme using an in‐house constructed confocal laser scanning microscope. Transport rates of dextran molecules having molecular weights of 4–70 kDa corresponding to Stokes radius of 1.4–6 nm are determined. Analyzing the permeability of the nuclear membrane for different sizes the effective pore radius of HeLa cell nuclear membrane is determined to be 5.3 nm, much larger than the value reported earlier using proteins as probe molecules. The range of values reported for the nuclear pore radius suggest that they may not be rigid structures and it is quite probable that the effective pore size of nuclear pore complexes is critically dependent on the probe molecules and on the environmental factors.
ChemInform Abstract: Ternary Arsenides ATt3As3 (A: K, Rb; Tt: Ge, Sn) with Layered Structures.
Authors: Khatun Mansura , Stoyko Stanislav S. , Mar Arthur
Published: June 2016

The title compounds are prepared from the elements (alumina crucible, 600—650 °C, 10 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Parameter Crystal‐Structure Prediction for sp‐d‐Valent Compounds.
Authors: Bialon Arthur F. , Hammerschmidt Thomas , Drautz Ralf
Published: June 2016

A three‐dimensional crystal structure map is developed on the basis of experimental data for compounds containing sp‐block elements and transition metals.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal Carbodiimides as Molecular Negative Electrode Materials for Lithium‐ and Sodium‐Ion Batteries with Excellent Cycling Properties.
Authors: Sougrati Moulay T. , Darwiche Ali , Liu Xiaohiu , Mahmoud Abdelfattah , Hermann Raphael P. , Jouen Samuel , Monconduit Laure , Dronskowski Richard , Stievano Lorenzo
Published: June 2016

FeNCN can be efficiently used as negative electrode material for alkali metal ion batteries.
ChemInform Abstract: Water Durable Electride Y5Si3: Electronic Structure and Catalytic Activity for Ammonia Synthesis.
Authors: Lu Yangfan , Li Jiang , Tada Tomofumi , Toda Yoshitake , Ueda Shigenori , Yokoyama Toshiharu , Kitano Masaaki , Hosono Hideo
Published: June 2016

The air and water stable title electride is characterized by powder XRD, transport, magnetic, and thermodynamic measurements, PES, and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of a New Halophosphate Sr3P3O10Cl with the Flexible [P3O10]5‐ Anions.
Authors: Gao Jianhua , Liu Xi , Song Limei , Sha Xunshan , Zhao Pan , Guo Ping
Published: June 2016

Single crystals of Sr3P3O10Cl are grown from a 2:1:3 molar mixture of MgO, SrO, and P2O5 in a molten equimolar SrCl2/NaCl flux (evacuated quartz tubes, 850 °C, 12 h; cooling to 300 °C at a rate of 0.1 °C/min).
ChemInform Abstract: Scandium Selenophosphates: Structure and Properties of K4Sc2(PSe4)2 (P2Se6).
Authors: Syrigos Jonathan C. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: June 2016

K4Sc2P4Se14 is prepared by the polychalcogenide flux method employing K2Se, Sc, P2Se5, and Se in the molar ratio of 4:1:2:4 (evacuated silica tubes, 500 °C, 1 d; cooling to 350 °C within 1 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(II)‐Catalyzed Synthetic Strategy for Diverse and Functionalized Halonaphthalenyl Ethers and Esters from Diazo Compounds and Its Application to Polyaromatic Compounds.
Authors: Baral Ek Raj , Lee Yong Rok , Kim Sung Hong , Wee Young‐Jung
Published: June 2016

Benzyl chloride gives the corresponding products in similar yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Formation of Fully Substituted Ketone Enolates.
Authors: Haimov Elvira , Nairoukh Zackaria , Shterenberg Alexander , Berkovitz Tiran , Jamison Timothy F. , Marek Ilan
Published: June 2016

A metalation/nucleophilic carbonyl addition strategy is used for preparation of stereochemically defined, fully substituted ketone enolates like (III) and (IX), which are not accessible through enolization of the parent ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Allylation of Ketones and Intramolecular Cyclization Through Carbene Intermediates from Cyclopropenes under Ambient Conditions.
Authors: Nakano Takeo , Endo Kohei , Ukaji Yutaka
Published: June 2016

Cyclopropene educts react in the presence of a silver catalyst [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron/ABNO‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes and Ketones under Ambient Atmosphere.
Authors: Wang Lianyue , Shang SenSen , Li Guosong , Ren Lanhui , Lv Ying , Gao Shuang
Published: June 2016

Kinetic analysis demonstrates that the C—H bond cleavage is the rate‐determining step and that a carbocation may be involved in the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt(II)‐Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of Olefins.
Authors: Zhang Guoqi , Yin Zhiwei , Tan Jiawen
Published: June 2016

The employed catalyst, an earth‐abundant metal cobalt(II) complex based on a pincer‐type PNP ligand, shows good functional group and water tolerance to the presented olefin transfer hydrogenation reactions of various aliphatic and aromatic alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic SN2′‐ and Enantioselective Allylic Substitution with a Diborylmethane Reagent and Application in Synthesis.
Authors: Shi Ying , Hoveyda Amir H.
Published: June 2016

The utility of this method is demonstrated in the synthesis of compound (XI) which is a precursor in the synthesis of cytotoxic natural product rhopaloic acid A (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: Homologation Strategy for the Generation of 1‐Chloroalkyl Radicals from Organoboranes.
Authors: Xu Gong , Luethy Monique , Habegger Jacqueline , Renaud Philippe
Published: June 2016

Catecholborane reacts with allyl sulfones (II) under radical conditions to give products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Fmoc Protection of Amines under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Godoi Marcelo , Botteselle Giancarlo V. , Rafique Jamal , Rocha Manuela S. T. , Pena Jesus M. , Braga Antonio L.
Published: June 2016

An efficient, fast, and sustainable method for the Fmoc protection of a wide range of aliphatic and aromatic amines is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Polystyrene‐Supported P‐Toluenesulfonic Acid (PS/PTSA): As a Highly Active and Reusable Heterogeneous Bronsted Acid Catalyst for the Synthesis of Novel 1H‐Indol‐3‐yl‐4H‐chromene‐3‐carbonitriles under Neat Conditions.
Authors: Veeranarayna Reddy Mudumala , Chandra Sekhar Reddy Gangireddy , Jeong Yeon Tae
Published: June 2016

This novel one‐pot three‐component condensation reaction is advantageous with regards to operational simplicity and provides chromene derivatives in short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Allylation of Carbon Electrophiles with Alkenylsilanes under Dual Catalysis by Cationic Platinum(II) Species.
Authors: Kinoshita Hidenori , Kizu Ryosuke , Horikoshi Masahiro , Inoue Gen , Fujimoto Masayuki , Saito Masanori , Ichikawa Junji , Hosomi Akira , Miura Katsukiyo
Published: June 2016

Three procedures for the allylation of acetals and aminals with (Z)‐1‐trimethylsilylalkenes are elaborated: direct allylation, three‐component reaction of the respective aldehyde, orthoformate or carbamate, and silylalkene, and pretreatment of the silylalkene followed by addition of acetal or aminal.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Propargyl Carboxylates and Grignard Reagents: Synthesis of Substituted Allenes.
Authors: Kessler Simon N. , Baeckvall Jan‐E.
Published: June 2016

A mild and facile protocol for preparation of allenes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Sequential Homologation of Alkynes and Aldehydes for Chain Elongation with Optional 13C‐Labeling.
Authors: Brunner Andreas , Hintermann Lukas
Published: June 2016

A series of alkyne substrates is treated in a first step A) or C) to produce an intermediate aldehyde which reacts in a second step with Bestmann—Ohira reagent (I) to produce homologated alkyne products.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Insecticidal and Fungicidal Activities of Methyl 2‐(Methoxyimino)‐2‐(2‐((1‐ (N′‐nitrocarbamimidoyl)‐2‐hydrocarbylidenehydrazinyl)methyl)phenyl) acetates.
Authors: Yuan Xiaoyong , Jia Changqing , Ma Yongqiang , Yang Dongyan , Rui Changhui , Qin Zhaohai
Published: June 2016

23 Title compounds of type (V) or (VIII) are prepared and tested for their insecticidal and fungicidal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Photolytic C—H Bond Functionalization of Alkylbenzene with Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagent.
Authors: Sakamoto Ryu , Inada Tsubasa , Selvakumar Sermadurai , Moteki Shin A. , Maruoka Keiji
Published: June 2016

Benzyl esters are prepared by direct benzylic C—H bond esterification of alkylbenzenes by the combination of a hypervalent iodine reagent with visible light irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Guanidine Synthesis: Use of Amidines as Guanylating Agents.
Authors: Baeten Mattijs , Maes Bert U. W.
Published: June 2016

A general method for transformation of readily available, stable amidine substrates into substituted guanidines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized Benzobarrelenes and Azabenzobarrelenes by Rhodium‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition.
Authors: Miyauchi Yuta , Shibata Yu , Tanaka Ken
Published: June 2016

A cationic rhodium(I)/H8‐BINAP complex catalyzes the [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between cyclohexadiene‐linked 1,7‐diynes (I) and monoynes to provide access to several functionalized benzobarrelene derivatives (III) in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Supported on Nanodiamonds as an Efficient Catalyst for the Hydrogenating Deamination of Benzonitrile and Related Compounds.
Authors: Gupta Neeraj , Ding Yuxiao , Feng Zhenbao , Su Dangsheng
Published: June 2016

Preliminary studies concerning the title process are carried out.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Direct C—H Olefination of Arenes with Aliphatic Olefins.
Authors: Xue Xiao , Xu Jianbin , Zhang Lingjuan , Xu Conghui , Pan Yixiao , Xu Lijin , Li Huanrong , Zhang Weidong
Published: June 2016

This protocol for preparation of useful linear arylation products of unactivated olefins relies on the utilization of directing groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Identifying a Highly Active Copper Catalyst for KA2 Reaction of Aromatic Ketones.
Authors: Cai Yujuan , Tang Xinjun , Ma Shengming
Published: June 2016

A highly efficient catalytic protocol is developed for the coupling of aromatic ketones with amines and terminal alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Radical Pathway for Direct Substitution of Benzyl Alcohols with Water‐Soluble Copper Catalyst in Water.
Authors: Hikawa Hidemasa , Mori Yuki , Kikkawa Shoko , Azumaya Isao
Published: June 2016

An atom‐transfer initiated radical pathway for the direct substitution of benzyl alcohols with anthranilic acids using water‐soluble copper catalysts is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Borrowing Hydrogen Methodology for N‐Benzylation Using a π‐Benzylpalladium System in Water.
Authors: Hikawa Hidemasa , Koike Toshitaka , Izumi Kyoko , Kikkawa Shoko , Azumaya Isao
Published: June 2016

The unique reactivity of the π‐benzylpalladium system in water offers an efficient and environmentally friendly method for N‐monobenzylation of electron‐deficient anilines or 2‐aminopyridine with non‐activated benzylic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected C—C Bond Cleavage of α‐Nitroketone in the Presence of TsNBr2: A New Pathway for C—N Bond Formation.
Authors: Sarma Manas Jyoti , Phukan Prodeep
Published: June 2016

Various N‐tosylamides are prepared by the catalyst‐free title bond cleavage in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of Cyclic Imides from Carboxylic Anhydrides and Amines by Nb2O5 as a Water‐Tolerant Lewis Acid Catalyst.
Authors: Ali Md. A. , Moromi Sondomoyee K. , Touchy Abeda S. , Shimizu Ken‐ichi
Published: June 2016

The target compounds, important synthons for chemical and biological applications, are readily available from different carboxylic anhydrides and primary amines or gaseous ammonia.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Sequential Acylation/Cyanation of Aryl Iodides: A Regiospecific Synthesis of 2‐Cyanoaryl Ketones.
Authors: Pan Shanfei , Wu Feifei , Yu Ruicheng , Chen Wanzhi
Published: June 2016

Ortho‐substituted aryl iodides undergo a site‐selective C—H bond acylation/C—I cyanation reaction sequence with benzoyl chlorides and CuCN to give 2,6‐disubstituted benzonitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Free Radical Fluorination of Sulfonyl Hydrazides in Water.
Authors: Tang Lin , Yang Yu , Wen Lixian , Yang Xingkun , Wang Zhiyong
Published: June 2016

This free‐radical fluorination of sulfonylhydrazides and arylsulfinates does not require any metal catalysts and additives.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Site‐Selective C—H Functionalization of Weakly Coordinating Sulfonamides: Synthesis of Biaryl Sulfonamides.
Authors: Vanjari Rajeshwer , Guntreddi Tirumaleswararao , Singh Krishna Nand
Published: June 2016

Unsubstituted aromatic sulfonamides are treated with aryl iodides under optimized conditions A).
ChemInform Abstract: An Electron‐Poor C64 Nanographene by Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade C—C Bond Formation: One‐Pot Synthesis and Single‐Crystal Structure Analysis
Authors: Seifert Sabine , Shoyama Kazutaka , Schmidt David , Wuerthner Frank
Published: June 2016

The synthesis of an electron‐poor nanographene with dicarboximide corners is accomplished by a palladium‐catalyzed cascade process, with ten C—C bonds formed in a single chemical operation.
ChemInform Abstract: A Serendipitous Synthesis of Bis‐heterocyclic Spiro 3(2H)‐Furanones.
Authors: Picado Alfredo , Li ShengJian , Dieter R. Karl
Published: June 2016

Enol and phenol triflates of type (II) are found to react with 2‐lithio‐1,3‐dithianes and 2‐lithiated N‐Boc amines to provide a synthesis of the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Indenopyridine‐Fused Spirocyclic Systems.
Authors: Shakibaei Ghazaleh Imani , Bazgir Ayoob
Published: June 2016

The title compounds are obtained by environmentally‐friendly one‐pot multi‐component reaction of indanone (I), isatins, and malononitrile in the presence of a range of amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Diversity of the Cyclization Reaction of 3‐Methyleneoxindoles with 2‐(3,4‐Dihydronaphthalen‐1(2H)‐ylidene)malononitriles.
Authors: Lu Yu‐Ling , Sun Jing , Xie Ya‐Jing , Yan Chao‐Guo
Published: June 2016

Depending on the molecular structure of the substrates and the reaction conditions, several functionalized spiro[indolinephenanthrene] and benzophenanthrodiazepine derivatives are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Proton‐Promoted and Anion‐Enhanced Epoxidation of Olefins by Hydrogen Peroxide in the Presence of Nonheme Manganese Catalysts.
Authors: Miao Chengxia , Wang Bin , Wang Yong , Xia Chungu , Lee Yong‐Min , Nam Wonwoo , Sun Wei
Published: June 2016

A mononuclear nonheme manganese(II) complex bearing a tetradentate N4 ligand is found to be an efficient catalyst in the epoxidation of olefins by aqueous H2O2 in the presence of H2SO4.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereo‐ and Regioselective Synthesis of Tricyclic Spirolactones by Diastereoisomeric Differentiation of a Collective Key Precursor.
Authors: Valerio Viviana , Mostinski Yelena , Kotikalapudi Ramesh , Tsvelikhovsky Dmitry
Published: June 2016

A method is developed which renders possible an easy and efficient access to title compounds with 5/5/5‐ and 5/5/6/‐ring systems as substructures of biologically active substances.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective β‐Arylation of Thiophenes with Aryl Iodides Catalyzed by Dinuclear Palladium Carboxylate Complexes.
Authors: Maki Yohei , Goto Takahiro , Tsukada Naofumi
Published: June 2016

The β‐arylation can be applied to a variety of iodobenzenes and thiophenes, except those bearing conjugated carbonyl substituents, using a novel hydroxo‐bridged dipalladium(II) complex bearing acetoxy ligands.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of Diverse 2,3‐Disubstituted Isoindolin‐1‐ones Using ZrO2 Nanoparticles as a Reusable Dual Acid—Base Solid Support under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Debnath Kamalesh , Mukherjee Sayan , Bodhak Chandan , Pramanik Animesh
Published: June 2016

The method is operationally simple and proceeds with reduced reaction time and temperature, with high functional group tolerance and without the use of a solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Autoxidation/Aldol Tandem Reaction of 2‐Oxindoles with Ketones: A Green Approach for the Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxy‐2‐oxindoles.
Authors: Zhang Qing‐Bao , Jia Wen‐Liang , Ban Yong‐Liang , Zheng Yong , Liu Qiang , Wu Li‐Zhu
Published: June 2016

The metal‐free protocol, which works best under air at room temperature, allows access to a broad spectrum of biologically important oxindole structures bearing a hydroxy and a 2‐oxoalkyl chain at position 3.
ChemInform Abstract: Room‐Temperature One‐Pot Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxyisoindolin‐1‐ones from Phenylglyoxylic Acids.
Authors: Li Na , Yuan Menglei , Sun Yu , Yan Hui , Wu Jinxiong , Ma Gaofeng , Li Feng , Miao Siyu , Hao Mengyao
Published: June 2016

and benzamides (I) (20 examples)
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Ring‐Opening Reactions of Aziridines with 3‐Aryl‐Oxindoles.
Authors: Wang Linqing , Li Dan , Yang Dongxu , Wang Kezhou , Wang Jie , Wang Pengxin , Su Wu , Wang Rui
Published: June 2016

The construction of 3‐alkyl‐3‐aryl oxindole structural motifs bearing a chiral quaternary center becomes possible in the presence of a simple Mg/BINOL catalyst which is generated prior to addition of the substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrone Diels—Alder Routes to Indolines and Hydroindolines: Syntheses of Gracilamine, Mesembrine, and Δ7‐Mesembrenone.
Authors: Gan Pei , Smith Myles W. , Braffman Nathaniel R. , Snyder Scott A.
Published: June 2016

An intramolecular Diels—Alder route towards various indoline derivatives is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Sequential Propargylation/Cycloisomerization: A Facile [4 + 2]‐Benzannulation Approach to Carbazoles.
Authors: Raji Reddy Chada , Rani Valleti Reddi , Dilipkumar Uredi
Published: June 2016

A novel one‐pot [4 + 2]‐benzannulation approach to substituted carbazoles is accomplished by acid‐catalyzed C3‐propargylation of 2‐alkenyl/aryl indoles with 1‐aryl propargylic alcohols, followed by cycloisomerization.
ChemInform Abstract: First Catalytic Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction of Imidazole‐2‐thiones and in silico Biological Evaluation of the Cycloadducts.
Authors: Eleftheriadis Nikolaos , Samatidou Evanthia , Neochoritis Constantinos G.
Published: June 2016

The Lewis acid‐catalyzed Diels—Alder reactions of imidazole‐2‐thiones with dienes is influenced by the electron density of the imidazole core.
ChemInform Abstract: Approach for 2‐(Arylthio)imidazoles and Imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazoles from Imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles by Ring‐Opening and ‐Reconstruction.
Authors: Shi Benyi , Zhu Zhouhe , Zhu Yi‐Shuo , Zhou Dagang , Wang Jinyuan , Zhou Panpan , Jing Huanwang
Published: June 2016

The imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles are converted to 2‐(arylthio)‐1H‐imidazoles using aryl halides under Cu(acac)2‐catalysis and microwave irradiation.