bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unique histological features of the tail skin of cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) related to caudal autotomy
Authors: Hosotani Marina , Nakamura Teppei , Ichii Osamu , Irie Takao , Sunden Yuji , Elewa Yaser Hosny Ali , Watanabe Takafumi , Ueda Hiromi , Mishima Takashi , Kon Yasuhiro
Published: February 2021

Caudal autotomy in rodents is an evolutionarily acquired phenomenon enabling escape from predators, by discarding the tail skin after traumatic injuries. The histological mechanisms underlying caudal autotomy seem to differ among species. Cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus), which are important laboratory rodents for human infectious diseases, possess a fragile tail. In this study, we compared the tail histology of cotton rats with that of laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus), which have no fragility on their tail, to elucidate the process of rodent caudal autotomy. First, the cotton rats developed a false autotomy characterized by loss of the tail sheath with the caudal vertebrae remaining without tail regeneration. Second, we found the fracture plane was continuous from the interscale of the tail epidermis to the dermis, which was lined with an alignment of E-cadherin+ cells. Third, we found an obvious cleavage plane between the dermis and subjacent tissues of the cotton-rat tail, where the subcutis was composed of looser, finer, and fragmented collagen fibers compared with those of the rat. Additionally, the cotton-rat tail was easily torn, with minimum bleeding. The median coccygeal artery of the cotton rat had a thick smooth muscle layer, and its lumen was filled with the peeled intima with fibrin coagulation, which might be associated with reduced bleeding following caudal autotomy. Taken together, we reveal the unique histological features of the tail relating to the caudal autotomy process in the cotton rat, and provide novel insights to help clarify the rodent caudal autotomy mechanism.
Understanding the factors enabling and blocking sustained implementation of cholera interventions in a fragile region of Nigeria: a multi-phase group model building study protocol
Authors: Elimian Kelly , King Carina , Diaconu Karin , Ansah John , Yennan Sebastian , Ochu Chinwe , Pembi Emmanuel , Benjamin Gandi , Forsberg Birger , Ihekweazu Chikwe , Alfvén Tobias
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Adamawa and Bauchi are cholera endemic states in the north-east region of Nigeria, each with local government areas classified as cholera hotspots. Ineffective implementation of multi-sectoral cholera interventions in both states could make obtaining the global target for cholera control in Nigeria out of reach. A major contributing factor to this challenge is fragility of the region due to persistent Boko Haram insurgency activities, often characterised by the destruction of health infrastruture and displacement of communities to areas with suboptimal living conditions. Given the complexity of disease control in such a fragile setting, this study aims to systematically examine the barriers and/or facilitators influencing the implementation of existing cholera interventions in these states.  

Methods: The study will use a systems dynamic approach. First, we will conduct a health facility survey to determine the current health system capacity to support multi-sectoral cholera interventions, and conduct key informant interviews with purposely selected state and national cholera stakeholders to identify the context-specific facilitators and barriers to the implementation of cholera interventions in these states. We will then conduct nine group model building workshops (four in both the Adamawa and Bauchi states and one in Abuja) among cholera stakeholders similar to those recruited for the interviews.

Conclusion: By engaging diverse and relevant cholera stakeholders, including community members, this study has the potential to provide a rich understanding of context-specific factors influencing the implementation of multi-sectoral cholera interventions in a fragile region of Nigeria, with a view to achieve sustainable progress towards cholera control in the country. Moreover, this study could have an impact on the control of other water-borne diarrheagenic diseases in the country.
A Novel Sentiment Analysis for Amazon Data with TSA based Feature Selection
Authors: Daniel D. Anand Joseph , Meena M. Janaki
Published: February 2021

Sentiment analysis of online product reviews has become a mainstream way for businesses on e-commerce platforms to promote their products and improve user satisfaction. Hence, it is necessary to construct an automatic sentiment analyser for automatic identification of sentiment polarity of the online product reviews. Traditional lexicon-based approaches used for sentiment analysis suffered from several accuracy issues while machine learning techniques require labelled training data. This paper introduces a hybrid sentiment analysis framework to bond the gap between both machine learning and lexicon-based approaches. A novel tunicate swarm algorithm (TSA) based feature reduction is integrated with the proposed hybrid method to solve the scalability issue that arises due to a large feature set. It reduces the feature set size to 43% without changing the accuracy (93%). Besides, it improves the scalability, reduces the computation time and enhances the overall performance of the proposed framework. From experimental analysis, it can be observed that TSA outperforms existing feature selection techniques such as particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm. Moreover, the proposed approach is analysed with performance metrics such as recall, precision, F1-score, feature size and computation time.
Disappointing Prospects for Distance Education
Authors: Razumovskiy A.
Published: February 2021

On the basis of a variety of literature on educational, social, psychological sciences, the conditions for the qualitative life of the educational process are determined, including, first of all, the problems of the formation of morality, responsibility and initiative of the student, as well as his mental and physical health. The true end result is the fact of the fundamental impossibility of replacing full-time or personal education with its detached, irresponsible distance form. The transformation of the educational environment through personalities from each other leads not only to the depletion of opportunities to acquire quality knowledge, but also to intimate loneliness with disastrous consequences for moral, mental and physical health.
Adaptación y desarrollo profesional docente de los especialistas de la enseñanza bilingüe.
Authors: Sanz Trigueros Francisco Javier , Guillén Díaz Carmen
Published: February 2021

This article is part of a common European trend that focuses on the professional development and qualifications of individuals for their employability. The sociological category of “liquid modernity” (Bauman, 2007) as applied to current reality is adopted. Also, the qualitative effects of adaptability (Fernández Aráoz, 2008) as a competence derived from the business world are considered with the following aim: to account for the potential value of adaptation for the ongoing professional development of teaching specialists in bilingual education. Using qualitative-interpretative research, content analysis is performed for an in-depth treatment of data obtained from a heterogeneous sample of in-service teachers. This is done by means of questionnaires and life stories. Results reveal the status of the components of adaptation, articulated by informants as adaptive capacity features and adaptability attributes. The values presented show that adaptive capacity has low structural potential, while there is a lack of balance in adaptability attributes. Finally, guidelines and remediation strategies are offered to agents, institutional bodies and teacher trainers, responsible for the professional development of bilingual teachers.
La enseñanza de STEM en Educación Primaria desde una perspectiva de género.
Authors: Arabit García Javier , Prendes Espinosa María Paz , Serrano Sánchez José Luis
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study is to identify the needs of 141 students and 67 teachers from seven Primary Education schools in relation to STEM teaching, detecting possible gender differences and similarities. This objective is part of the european CREATEskills project. On the basis of an exploratory and non-experimental research design, two validated questionnaires were used through a dual procedure (expert judgment and pilot study). The results indicate that teachers demand additional resources and training for STEM teaching, while students prefer to use digital resources and conduct experimental work. In relation to gender differences, female teachers adopted a more critical view of STEM teaching in comparison to male teachers, but no significant gender differences were identified among students.
The Rushdie Affair – Politics, Culture and Ethnicity in Hanif Kureishi’s The Black Album
Authors: Ossowska-Czader Małgorzata
Published: February 2021

The aim of this paper is to show how politics, culture and ethnicity interweave in the context of the Rushdie Affair in both the real‑life dimension of the historical events taking place in the late 1980s, as well as the literary dimension of the novel by Hanif Kureishi entitled The Black Album. The paper briefly outlines the Rushdie Affair as it unfolded in the British public sphere with particular emphasis placed on the process of consolidation of the Muslim identity among the representatives of different ethnic groups in Great Britain in the political and cultural context of the event which is deemed to be defining from the point of view of British Muslims. The author of the paper presents the profile of Hanif Kureishi, to indicate why he is ideally positioned to look critically at both sides of the conflict. The paper analyses the novel itself insofar as it examines the implications of the Rushdie Affair depicted in The Black Album, the reactions of the second‑generation immigrants of Pakistani descent in the face of the controversy, the influence this event exerted on the process of their searching for identity as well as their integration into British society. Two opposing identity options taken up by the protagonists of The Black Album are analysed by the author of the paper.
Optimal Control of a Time-Varying Double-Ended Production Queueing Model
Authors: Lee Chihoon , Liu Xin , Liu Yunan , Zhang Ling
Published: February 2021

Motivated by production systems with nonstationary stochastic demand, we study a double-ended queueing model having back orders and customer abandonment. One side of our model stores back orders, and the other side represents inventory. We assume first-come-first-served instantaneous fulfillment discipline. Our goal is to determine the optimal (nonstationary) production rate over a finite time horizon to minimize the costs incurred by the system. In addition to the inventory-related (holding and perishment) and demand-related (waiting and abandonment) costs, we consider a cost that penalizes rapid fluctuations of production rates. We develop a deterministic fluid-control problem (FCP) that serves as a performance lower bound for the original queueing-control problem (QCP). We further consider a high-volume system for which an upper bound of the gap between the optimal values of the QCP and FCP is characterized and construct an asymptotically optimal production rate for the QCP, under which the FCP lower bound is achieved asymptotically. Demonstrated by numerical examples, the proposed asymptotically optimal production rate successfully captures the time variability of the nonstationary demand.
Violation of justice in American police department as reflected in the film Changeling
Authors: Nurullita Dyah
Published: February 2021

This undergraduate thesis describe justice theory and propaganda theory. This is aiming at analyzing violation of justice and propaganda police towards the main character and society in American. This undergraduate thesis has two main objectives to portray the violation of justice and the police propaganda in America as reflected in the Changeling film. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. There are two types of data in this study, they are primary and secondary data. The primary data is taken from the film Changeling and secondary data are taken from books, articles, journals, and data from network sources. In this research the, writer uses an interdisciplinary study. In conducting the analysis, researchers used the theory of justice and propaganda theory. To analyze this topic, the researcher uses John Rawls's theory of justice, which is actually contradict with what happens in this film. Then the researchers used propaganda theory from Jowett and O'Donnell, which the theory shows the behavior of the police against the main characters. The result of the study shows that is Los Angeles Police Department does not serve the society wisely. They use their power to be inappropriate. It acts in a violent way, and intimidates its citizens. The evil man are protected and the good is shot dead. Justice is not always run by violating people’s right. This research also finds that people who have been given a great power, they tend to abuse the power. Moreover, in human relationship, the concept of equal treatment must be applied to avoid conflicts. People who get unfair treatment tend to fight against the bad treatment. Everyone has rights to be treated equally. Upholding justice is not always done by violation their rights. This research also finds that fairly equal treatment is valuable. People should be treated equally in any condition.
Digital transformation to the sustainability of public relations profession in the era of disruption
Authors: Pribadi Arguanda , Nasution Nurhasanah
Published: February 2021

Digital transformation is a change in the way work is handled by using information technology to gain efficiency and effectiveness. Since April 2011 the government has echoed Indonesia 4.0, through the ministry of the industry it has made Indonesia 4.0 a Roadmap that has been integrated as the implementation of many strategies in entering the industrial era 4.0. The public relations profession has become a target for the era of technological disruption 4.0 which is capable of producing big data, analytic data, artificial intelligence, internet of things (IoT) which exponentially boosts the quality and effectiveness of various public relations functions. This research is a qualitative descriptive study that aims to conduct in-depth interviews with predetermined respondents. This type of research uses field research, namely research that goes to the field to make observations about a phenomenon in a scientific situation. The data were obtained from two sources including one Pertamina MOR I Medan worker and one Head of BPC Perhumas Medan. The data analysis technique used is data reduction which is the process of selecting, focusing on simplification, and transforming data that arise from written records and research locations. Based on the research results obtained through interviews with resource persons, human performance opportunities in the public relations profession still have a good and exciting future for the world to be disrupted because this era will become rivals for public relations practitioners to be more advanced. Because artificial intelligence (AI) can support and facilitate public relations practitioners in carrying out their duties.
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour causing intestinal obstruction in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Chuang XE , Chan DYS , Oon ML , Wang S , Chia CLK
Published: February 2021

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours (IMTs) are rare tumours with unpredictable biological behaviour ranging from benign to locally invasive and rarely, distant metastasis. While neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) may manifest with gastrointestinal soft tissue tumours, this is the first report in the literature that describes an IMT occurring in a NF1 patient who presented with intestinal obstruction. Our patient presented with intestinal obstruction secondary to an obstructing terminal ileum mesenteric tumour. En bloc bowel resection was performed, with histology revealing an IMT and an adjacent neurofibroma. The resection margins were clear and the patient was free of recurrence at six months.
Preoperative diagnosis of intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct with endoscopic ultrasound
Authors: Ramzi J , Feretis M , Hickman KE , Martin JL , Godfrey E , Liau SS
Published: February 2021

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the bile duct is a rare tumour only recently classified as a distinct pathological entity. These neoplasms, rarely encountered in clinical practice in the UK, are now considered to be important precursors for the development of cholangiocarcinoma. We present a histologically confirmed case of intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct in a male patient and discuss the main radiographic manifestations of this rare condition across multiple imaging modalities, with an emphasis on the imaging features of endoscopic ultrasonography and its role in establishing the diagnosis.
Bilateral anterior superior iliac spine apophysis avulsion fractures in a skeletally mature patient: case report and literature review
Authors: Flatman M , Harb Z
Published: February 2021

We present a case of bilateral anterior superior iliac spine avulsion fractures in an adult patient who was involved in a road traffic collision. Her injuries were managed conservatively and she has had an uncomplicated recovery with a good outcome. This is, to our knowledge, the only reported case of bilateral simultaneous anterior superior iliac spine apophyseal avulsion fractures in an adult.
Nasal septal angiofibroma: less vascular behaviour than observed in radiological imaging, a rare case in a 51-year-old woman
Authors: Law S , Burgess C
Published: February 2021

Angiofibroma of the head and neck is classically found in the nasopharynx of an adolescent male. We present a rare case where an angiofibroma was diagnosed in the anterior nasal septum of a 51-year-old woman, the eighth nasal septal angiofibroma reported in a female. This case highlights how an angiofibroma in an older woman has a less vascular behaviour than one in an adolescent male, even though radiological enhancement may suggest that the lesion is highly vascularised. Nasal septal angiofibromas can be managed by biopsy and removed by simple endoscopic resection with minimal haemorrhage. Although very rare, extranasopharyngeal angiofibroma/nasal septal angiofibroma should be included in the differential diagnosis when patients of all ages present with nasal obstruction secondary to a nasal mass, with or without epistaxis.
Optical technologies to disclose the spatial diversity dimension in systems and networks
Authors: Koonen Ton
Published: February 2021

The spatial dimension is the key dimension which can enable exponential growth of data capacity in networks. Optical technologies offer a wealth of opportunities to disclose this dimension, notably in optical fiber transport and access networks, in mm-wave radio networks and in optical wireless networks.
Study on photostability of BACs in Bi/Er co-doped fibre at various laser wavelengths
Authors: Wang Jiaying , Zhang Bowen , Wei Shuen , Yan Binbin , Luo Yanhua , Peng Gang-Ding
Published: February 2021

The photostability of bismuth active centre associated with aluminium (BAC-Al) and bismuth active centre associated with silicon (BAC-Si) in bismuth/erbium co-doped optical fibre (BEDF) is investigated at a wide range of laser wavelengths.
Power Loading for Carrier Assisted Differential Detection
Authors: Sun Chuanbowen , Ji Honglin , Ji Tonghui , Xu Zhaopeng , Shieh William
Published: February 2021

We propose a power loading scheme to deal with colored-SNR effects for CADD receiver. It is shown by simulation that the proposed scheme can effectively mitigate SSBI and give an OSNR improvement of 2.7 dB.
Attosecond Timing in Photonic and Electronic Domains
Authors: Kim Jungwon
Published: February 2021

By combining optical frequency combs and microwave photonic methods, attosecond timing is possible in both photonic and electronic domains. New applications based on attosecond-precision timing, such as ultrafast and ultraprecise time-of-flight detection, are presented.
Surface Acoustic Wave Integrated-Photonic Radio-Frequency Filters with Arbitrary Complex Tap Coefficients
Authors: Munk Dvir , Katzman Moshe , Priel Maayan , Hen Mirit , Zadok Avi
Published: February 2021

Discrete time, integrated microwave photonic filters with narrow bandwidths are realized in standard silicon on insulator. Long delays are achieved using slow moving surface acoustic waves. The complex magnitude of each tap is chosen arbitrarily.
Opto-mechanical time domain analysis
Authors: Dong Yongkang
Published: February 2021

we demonstrated a 2-meter spatial resolution opto-mechanical measurement over a 225-meter-long fiber in which we were able to distinguish air from alcohol. These advances greatly facilitate the practicability of forward stimulated Brillouin scattering.
Accurate BFS Estimation in Simultaneous Multi-Point Sensing Based on External Modulation BOCDA
Authors: Somepalli B. , Yaswanth K. , Khankhoje U. , Venkitesh D. , Srinivasan B.
Published: February 2021

We review the recent demonstration of multi-point simultaneous sensing based on External Modulation Brillouin Correlation Domain Analysis (EM-BOCDA), and the use of gradient descent algorithm for accurate estimation of the Brillouin Frequency Shift (BFS).
1.7 µm all-fiber gas Raman laser source
Authors: Li Hao , Huang Wei , Pei Wenxi , Wang Meng , Wang Zefeng
Published: February 2021

We report here the first tunable pulsed all-fiber 1.7 μm gas Raman laser source. It is based on hydrogen-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fibers by rotational stimulated Raman scattering. The maximum average Stokes power of 1.61 W is obtained with optic-to-optic conversion efficiency of about 23%.
Study on the Focal Shift Effect of Planar Dielectric Subwavelength Grating Focusing Reflector
Authors: Li Gongqing , Duan Xiaofeng , Huang Yongqing , Liu Kai , Ren Xiaomin
Published: February 2021

We studied on the focal shift effect in planar dielectric subwavelength grating focusing reflector, and obtained an axial intensity formula which describes the focal performance, and a fitting formula to predict the actual focal length.
High Spatial Density 7-core 6-LP Fiber for Weakly-Coupled Mode-Division-Multiplexed Transmission
Authors: Zang Hongfei , Tian Feng , Xin Xiangjun , Wang Yongjun , Zhang Qi , Tian Qinghua
Published: February 2021

We report a 7-core 6-LP fiber which has three different types of cores and heterogeneous trench-assisted step-index profiles with a spatial multiplicity of 70. The value of relative-core-multiplicity factor is close to 67.4.
Inverse design of a bend-resistant low bending loss and large mode area single-mode fiber by Neural Network
Authors: Meng Chong , Wang Han , Tian Huiping
Published: February 2021

We use a neural network to inversely design a large mode area single-mode fiber. This method provides larger mode area and lower bending loss than traditional design process.
Enhanced polarization optical time domain reflectometry with Stimulated Brillouin scattering suppression
Authors: Zhang Hong , Gan Wenfeng , Zhang Qianqian , Su Bo
Published: February 2021

A coherent P-OTDR system with phase modulation is proposed and demonstrated to suppress Stimulated Brillouin scattering and improve the probe power. With multiple-band probe, over 6 dB SNR improvement is achieved in 35 km sensing fiber.
The impact of the quenching speed on BAC-Si photostability in Bi/Er co-doped fiber
Authors: Lu Ming , Wei Shuen , Luo Yanhua , Zhang Bowen , Yan Binbin , Peng Gang-Ding
Published: February 2021

The photo-stability of bismuth active center associate with silica (BAC-Si) in thermally-quenched Bi/Er co-doped fibers (BEDFs) indicates the slower quenching speed hardly affect the proportion of photo-stable BAC but accelerate the photo-bleaching of unstable BAC.
Generating Vortex Bessel - like beams based on all-fiber mode conversion
Authors: Zhu Jie , Yao Han , Cheng Peikang , Shi Fan , Zeng Xianglong
Published: February 2021

We introduce an efficient approach to generate vortex Bessel-like beams based on high-order fiber mode, which can produce radially polarized Bessel-Gauss beams. Anti-diffraction properties of the produced Bessel-like beams are investigated.
A tunable random polymer fiber laser based on magneto-optical effect
Authors: Yu Fengling , Hu Zhijia
Published: February 2021

A tunable random polymer fiber laser based on magneto-optical effect is proposed and analyzed in this paper. Due to the magneto-optical effect and Mie resonance under the magnetic field, the random lasing intensity can be controlled.
Chirally-Coupled-Ring Fiber for Generation and Transmission of Orbital Angular Momentum
Authors: Rao Xiongfeng , Yang Li
Published: February 2021

A chirally-coupled-ring fiber with a center, a side and a ring core is proposed for paired generation and stable transmission of orbital angular momentum, which is analyzed by coupled-mode analysis and verified by numerical simulations.
In-Fiber Microsphere Resonator for Refractive Index Sensing in a Dual-core Hollow Fiber
Authors: Liu Xiaochen , Yang Lei , Sun Hang , Yang Yong , Zhang Xiaobei , Wang Tingyun
Published: February 2021

A refractive index (RI) sensor is demonstrated via a microsphere embedded in a dual-core hollow fiber. The resonance peak of its reflection spectrum presents a Fano lineshape, with the RI sensitivity of -311.33 dB/RIU achieved.
Period-doubling in spatiotemporal mode-locked lasers
Authors: Fan Shuzheng , Xiao Xiaosheng , Zhang Xiaoguang
Published: February 2021

We report on the experimental observation and numerical simulation of the nonlinear dynamic of period-doubling in spatiotemporal mode-locked lasers composed of full-multimode fibers. It is found that the dynamics of different transverse modes are different.
Ohmic Contact and Photoresponse of a Single GaAs Nanowire
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Yan Xin , Zhang Xia , Ren Xiaomin
Published: February 2021

An ohmic contact to a single GaAs nanowire is achieved by sulfide passivation and rapid annealing. The device exhibits a low dark current of hundreds of pA and good photoresponsivity of 13 mA/W.
Intra-cavity HOM mode-locked laser based on broadband LPFG
Authors: Teng Linping , Shi Fan , Lu Jiafeng , Xu Jiangtao , Zeng Xianglong
Published: February 2021

We experimentally demonstrated an intra-cavity HOM mode-locked laser with 3-dB bandwidth of 15.2 nm, which is based on the broadband long period fiber grating (LPFG) working around turn-around point.
Multi-band Frequency Conversion Scheme Employing Single Optical Frequency Comb
Authors: Li Xiang , Liu Xiaoli , Li Hao , Wei Yongfeng
Published: February 2021

A novel multi-band frequency conversion scheme employing single optical frequency comb is proposed. Results show that the scheme can cover S to V band and realize cross-band frequency conversion.
Compact Five-mode De-multiplexer based on Grating Assisted Asymmetric Directional Couplers
Authors: Mao Simei , Cheng Lirong , Wu Sailong , Mu Xin , Tu Xin , Li Qian , Fu H.Y.
Published: February 2021

We propose a 25-μm five-mode de-multiplexer based on subwavelength grating directional couplers with constant bus waveguide. The insertion loss is less than 0.31 dB at 1550 nm and its 1-dB bandwidth is over 100 nm.
Ultra-broadband Power Splitter using subwavelength grating
Authors: Yu Ting , Liu Yingjie , Xu Ke
Published: February 2021

A silicon-based ultra-broadband power splitter is proposed using a subwavelength grating (SWG) structure. The bandwidth of loss is less than 0.2dB can over the 1.55-μm waveband and 2-μm waveband, the total bandwidth is over 500nm.
Micro/Nano Photonic Structures for light absorption/emission applications
Authors: Chen Zhi-Hui
Published: February 2021

Enhanced light absorption/emission has been manifested to be vitally important via its versatile applications. This work will show the possibility and potential of designing novel light absorbers and scatterers with extreme performance and advantages brought about by the newly emergent materials, structures and physics.
Inverse design of integrated four-channel mode multiplexer with dual polarizations
Authors: Liu Yingjie , Yao Yong , Du Jiangbing , Xu Ke
Published: February 2021

A four-channel and dual polarization mode (de)multiplexer is designed with a compact footprint of 6.8 × 6 µm2. The insertion loss and crosstalk are less than 1.2 dB and –17 dB for all channels.
Efficient and Compact InGaAsP/Si Nanobeam Electro-optical Modulator Based on Hybrid MOS Structure
Authors: Xu Jin , He An , Guo Xuhan , Su Yikai
Published: February 2021

An efficient, compact photonic crystal nanobeam modulator with an InGaAsP/Si hybrid metal-oxide–semiconductor structure is proposed and simulated. The modulation efficiency is up to 0.523 nm/(V*μm) and the device length is only 7.5 μm.
Ultra-broadband 3dB power splitter based on adiabatic taper with ridge waveguide
Authors: Zhang Yuguang , Hu Xiao , Chen Daigao , Wang Lei , Li Miaofeng , Feng Peng , Xiao Xi
Published: February 2021

We proposed an ultra-broadband 3dB power splitter based on adiabatic taper with ridge waveguide. The bandwidth is from 1200 nm to 2000 nm with low loss. Furthermore, the power splitter has a good fabrication tolerance.
The influence of unpassivated photosensitive surface on the characteristics of photodiode
Authors: Sun Jiazheng , Sun Wenhui , Xu Borui , Zhu Ninghua
Published: February 2021

The influence of unpassivated photosensitive surface on the dark current of photodiodes is discussed in this paper. The performance parameters of the SiNx covered and non-SiNx covered devices are compared through a controlled experiment.
Design of an Optical Phased Array with Low Side-lobe Level and Wide-angle Steering Range Based on Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: He Xinyu , Dong Tao , He Jingwen , Xu Yue
Published: February 2021

We use particle swarm optimization (PSO) to design a nonuniform antenna array with side-lobe level of -20.14dB. The phases of the antennas are optimized by PSO and a wide steering range of ±60° is achieved.
Dual-mode arbitrary-ratio power splitter based on a T-branch embedded with nanoholes
Authors: Zhong Zhongqiu , Liu Yingjie , Xu Ke
Published: February 2021

A dual-mode power splitter with arbitrary-ratio is designed via a T-branch embedded with nanoholes. The device can operate from 1500 to 1600 nm with excess losses < 0.42 dB and inter-mode crosstalks < ‒15.64 dB.
High Performance Electro-Optic Modulator Based on Silicon-Organic Hybrid Integration Platform
Authors: Zou Yanhui , Liu Ruonan , Chen Zhuo , Su Xinxin , Wu Zhenlin , Bo Shuhui , Li Zhihua , Tan Qinggui , Gu Yiying , Zhao Mingshan , Han Xiuyou
Published: February 2021

The optimal structure design and preparation of silicon-organic hybrid integrated electro-optic modulator with electro-optic polymer filled in slot waveguide are presented. It has 3dB bandwidth of 77GHz and the half-wave voltage-length product of 0.045V·cm.
Low Half-wave-voltage Thin Film LiNbO3 Electro-optic Modulator Based on a Compact Electrode Structure
Authors: Liu Xuecheng , Xiong Bing , Sun Changzheng , Hao Zhibiao , Wang Lai , Wang Jian , Han Yanjun , Li Hongtao , Yu Jiadong , Luo Yi
Published: February 2021

A novel compact electrode structure with LiNbO3-Silica hybrid waveguide is proposed to enhance electro-optical interaction in thin film LiNbO3 modulator, resulting in both a large bandwidth and a low half-wave-voltage length product of 1.5 V·cm.
Mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in side-slotted silicon waveguide in the picosecond pulse pumped region
Authors: Ye Feng , Li Qian
Published: February 2021

We numerically demonstrate that the property of picosecond pulse pumped mid-infrared (MIR) supercontinuum in a side-slotted waveguide can be effectively improved by a weak CW trigger.
Adiabatic slot-to-strip waveguide mode converters based on self-imaging effect of MMI structures
Authors: Tao Zihan , Bai Bowen , Chen Ruixuan , Wang Xingjun
Published: February 2021

We present an efficient slot-to-strip mode converter utilizing adiabatic multimode interference (MMI) structures. In different self-imaging positions, polarization insensitivity (polarization-dependent loss < -20 dB) and TE1 mode suppression (transmission ~ -11.9 dB) have been achieved.
Optical Neural Networks of Handwriting Recognition Using Optical Scattering Unit System
Authors: Long Xilin , Guo Jia , Hao Ran , Dong Xiaowen , Li Chong , He Jian-Jun
Published: February 2021

We simplify the classic convolutional neural network (CNN) of handwriting recognition — LetNet-5, and achieve classification based on the dataset MNIST by using an interconnected system of inverse-designed optical scattering units.
Neuromorphic Reservoir Computing System Using a Semiconductor Nanolaser with Double Phase Conjugate Feedbacks
Authors: Guo Xing Xing , Xiang Shui Ying , Qu Yan , Han Ya Nan , Wen Ai Jun , Hao Yue
Published: February 2021

A neuromorphic reservoir computing (RC) system using a semiconductor nanolaser (SNL) with double phase conjugate feedbacks (PCF) is proposed for the first time and demonstrated numerically, and enhanced performance can be obtained.
Analysis of Carrier Transportation in High Power Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photodiodes based on Self-Consistent Monte Carlo Model
Authors: Zhang Jingchang , Xiong Bing , Luo Yi , Sun Changzheng , Hao Zhibiao , Wang Jian , Wang Lai , Han Yanjun , Li Hongtao
Published: February 2021

A self-consistent Monte Carlo model is proposed for the analysis of carrier transportation in high power uni-traveling-carrier photodiodes. Simulation results are in good agreement with experimental measurements.
Comprehensive Design Method of MUTC-PD for Terahertz Applications
Authors: Chao Enfei , Xiong Bing , Sun Changzheng , Hao Zhibiao , Wang Jian , Wang Lai , Han Yanjun , Li Hongtao , Yu Jiadong , Luo Yi
Published: February 2021

A novel modified uni-traveling-carrier photodiode has been carefully designed by a comprehensive design method which includes a physically-based energy-balance model and an accurate circuit model. The simulated 3-dB bandwidth reaches 180 GHz for 3-μm-diameter device.
An Ultra-compact Broadband TE-pass Nanofocusing Structure
Authors: Zhu Kejian , Xu Pengfei , Sun Pengfei , Liu Xingpeng , Li Haiou , Zhou Zhiping
Published: February 2021

We propose a broadband structure which integrates polarization and nanofocusing functions into a single device with 3.8×4 µm 2 footprint. The bandwidth is over 200 nm with insert loss (IL) smaller than 1.68 dB.
Fabrication of high-Q Ge28Sb12Se60 chalcogenide microring resonators in telecommunication band
Authors: Yang Zhen , Zhao Mingyue , Zhang Rizhen , Xu Peipeng , Wang Rongping
Published: February 2021

We fabricated a Ge28Sb12Se60 chalcogenide microring resonators with an intrinsic quality factor of 3.97×104, which corresponds to a propagation loss of 3.4 dB/cm. The nonlinear coefficient was determined to be≈122 W-1m-1.
Wafer-level automatic testing of DFB lasers with active distributed reflector
Authors: Xu Lei , Yan Jialin , Liu Gonghai , Ma Xiang , Yang Fan , Lu Qiaoyin , Lu Mingzhi , Guo Weihua
Published: February 2021

We achieved the wafer-level automatic testing of DFB lasers with active distributed reflector. We can test the entire two-inch wafer with nearly 18000 lasers in about 3 hours, i.e. 0.6 seconds for single laser test.
HR-AR-coated DFB Laser Array with High Wavelength Uniformity
Authors: Lv Gen , Xiao Rulei , Zhou Yating , Sun Zhenxing , Fang Tao , Chen Xiangfei
Published: February 2021

We proposed an 8-wavelength HR-AR-coated DFB laser array with uniform wavelength spacing of 0.8 nm. By injecting different currents into the two-section structure, random facet phase is compensated and lasing wavelength can be finely tuned.
Optical 90° Hybrid Based on a 2×4 MMI coupler Integrated with a Parrallel 2×2 MMI Coupler
Authors: Dai Xiangyang , Zhao Gongyuan , Lu Qiaoyin , Donegan John F. , Guo Weihua
Published: February 2021

We propose an optical 90° hybrid with deformed MMI coupler. The fabricated hybrid exhibited the excess loss ~1dB, CMRR >20dB and phase deviation <7° with the wavelength range from 1525nm to 1570nm.
High-efficiency normal-incidence germanium photodetector with ultra-thin intrinsic layer
Authors: Song Jinwen , Yuan Shuai , Cui Chengcong , Xia Jinsong
Published: February 2021

We have designed and realized a high-efficiency normal-incidence germanium photodetector combining with resonant all-dielectric metasurface. With an intrinsic layer thickness of 350 nm, a high external quantum efficiency of 54% is achieved at 1550 nm.
Scalable 1×N switch using optical phased array
Authors: Li Zhen , Yu Yu , Zhang Xinliang
Published: February 2021

A scalable silicon optical switch utilizing the beam steering feature of an optical phased array is proposed and experimentally demonstrated, with high output-count and large extinction ratio. The 1×5 switch is fabricated and characterized.
Flat-top CWDM Using Narrow Straight Directional Couplers on LN Thin Film
Authors: Li Hao , Cai Xinlun
Published: February 2021

A flat-top 4-channel wavelength-division multiplexer on Lithium Niobate thin film is designed and manufactured. By utilizing cascaded MZI filters and narrow straight directional couplers, the -3 dB bandwidths are ~12 nm for all channels.
Novel silicon polarization beam splitter at 2 μm
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Dai Daoxin
Published: February 2021

A silicon polarization-beam-splitter at 2 μm is realized by using a bent coupler assisted with a nano-slot waveguide, which has a high extinction ratio of >15dB and a low loss of <0.5dB over a broad band.
A densely integrated micro-ring optical switch network for beam steering
Authors: Luo Guangzhen , Wang Pengfei , Yu Hongyan , Zhou Xuliang , Zhang Yejin , Pan Jiaoqing
Published: February 2021

We proposed a 1×100 micro-ring switch network for beam steering, which has a more compact structure and excellent performance than it based on a Mach-Zehnder switch array.
Arrayed Vortex Mode Demultiplexer Based on Spiral Transformation for Dense Space Division Multiplexing
Authors: Feng Xuankai , Lin Zhongzheng , Wen Yuanhui , Chen Yujie , Yu Siyuan
Published: February 2021

We designed a hexagonal arrayed OAM demultiplexer based on spiral transformation to match the output of a seven-core ring-core fiber, and fabricated the phase plates as diffractive optical elements on quartz plates.
Broadband 2×2 Polarization Splitter-Rotator Based on an Adiabatic Asymmetric Directional Coupler on the Lithium-Niobate-on-Insulator
Authors: Zhang Lei , Yang Shanglin , Zhang Gaolu , Fu Xin , Zhang Lei , Yang Lin
Published: February 2021

A 2×2 polarization splitter-rotator utilizing adiabatic asymmetric directional couplers are proposed on the lithium-niobate-on-insulator. The device exhibits broadband performance and is suitable for both TE and TM polarization diversity systems.
High-speed and high-responsivity germanium p-i-n photodetectors
Authors: Xiao Zhixiong , Feng JunBo , Hu Zhipeng , Shao Sizhu , Guo Jin
Published: February 2021

We report high-performance germanium p-i-n photodetectors. The 3-dB bandwidths above 40GHz and corresponding responsivity above 0.95A/W were demonstrated both for 1550nm and 1310nm. Clear open eye diagrams at 50Gb/s are also shown.
Transfer learning aided concurrent multi-alarm prediction in optical transport networks
Authors: Zhang Bing , Zhao Yongli , Li Yajie , Zhang Jie
Published: February 2021

Using transfer learning for concurrent multi-alarm prediction in optical transport networks, we assess prediction precision, data volume, and model training time. The method can effectively improve the efficiency of prediction while maintaining accuracy.
QPSK Pilot-Aided Carrier Phase Recovery Algorithm for 800-Gb/s/λ DP-256QAM Transmission
Authors: Cui Han , Xu Xuekai , Liu Shuangyue , Lu Yueming , Qiao Yaojun
Published: February 2021

A QPSK pilot-aided carrier phase recovery algorithm is investigated for 800-Gb/s/λ DP-256QAM transmission systems. Simulation results show that, compared with BPS, this proposed algorithm reduces by 99% computational complexity with about 1-dB OSNR penalty.
Indoor Three-Dimensional Optical Wireless Positioning and Orienteering Using Steerable Line Lasers
Authors: You Xiaodi , Liu Zhongxu , Gao Mingyi , Chen Jian , Yu Changyuan , Shen Gangxiang
Published: February 2021

A 3D optical wireless positioning (OWP) scheme is proposed by observing steering angles emitted from two line lasers with a pair of photo-detectors. OWP accuracy < 10 cm is achieved while offering terminal orientation information.
Single-cell nanostructured metasurface for simultaneous holography and gray-image display
Authors: Zhou Zhou , Li Zile , Dai Qi , Fu Rao , Zheng Guoxing
Published: February 2021

Combining intensity modulation governed by Malus law with phase manipulation based on both geometric and propagation phases, a tri-channel metasurface for simultaneous holography and gray-image display can be obtained, merely with a single-cell nanostructure design approach.
A hybrid optical frequency-hopping scheme based on OAM multiplexing for secure optical communications
Authors: Jin Ya , Chen Yin Fang , Xu Chang Da , Qi Yi Chao , Chen Shao Kang , Chen Wei , Zhu Ning Hua
Published: February 2021

In this paper, a hybrid optical frequency hopping system based on OAM multiplexing is proposed, which is mainly applied to the security of free space optical communication. In the proposed scheme, the segmented users’ data goes through two stages of hopping successively to realize data hiding. And the security performance is also analyzed in this paper.
Weighted Dual-Polling Burst Assembly Scheduling Strategy Based on Service Priority Assurance and Nodes Load
Authors: Liu Xuzhou , Zhang Qi , Shen Yufei , Hou Yujuan , Tian Qinghua , Tian Feng , Wang Yongjun , Yang Leijing , Chen Dong , Zhang Wei , Li Cong
Published: February 2021

Weighted Dual-Polling Burst Assembly Scheduling Strategy are proposed in the paper to balance service data with different priorities and balance destination site data traffic. It shows that the strategy can increase the stability of network performance while meeting the requirements of service data.
A Simplified Blind Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation Algorithm Based on the Power of Zero-Subcarriers for CO-OFDM Systems
Authors: Du Xinwei , Yu Changyuan , Kam Pooi-Yuen
Published: February 2021

A simplified b lind C FO e stimation a lgorithm i s p roposed f or CO-OFDM systems based on the power of zero-subcarriers, which models the cost function as a cosine function, then easily estimating CFO by calculating three test functions.
Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio Monitoring Based On Statistical Moments Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Wang Feng , Ni Shencheng , Han Shuying , You Shanhong , Luo Ming , He Zhixue
Published: February 2021

We experimentally demonstrate an optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) monitoring method based on statistical moments in combination with artificial neural network (ANN). The simulation and experiment results show that this method can monitor OSNR accurately.
Polarization-sensitive Imbert-Fedorov shift for Gaussian beam at a telecommunication wavelength through graphene
Authors: Chen Ze , Zhang Hu , Zhang Xiaoguang , Yang Jingxuan , Zhang Wenbo , Xi Lixia , Tang Xianfeng
Published: February 2021

We report how the Imbert-Fedorov shift of beam reflected at air–graphene interface is affected by the state of polarization and incident angle. The results obtained are of significance for spin optics.
Channel independent precoding for layered ACO-OFDM in optical wireless communications
Authors: Liu Wu , Yang Chao , Luo Ming
Published: February 2021

We use orthogonal circulant matrix transform (OCT) for each layer of LACO-OFDM in the OWC fading channel. Simulation results show the performance gain is 1.6dB at BER of 10-4 compared with conventional scheme.
QPSK-Assisted MIMO Equalization for 800-Gb/s/λ DP-256QAM Systems
Authors: Liu Siqi , Liu Shuangyue , Tang Xizi , Guo Mengqi , Lu Yueming , Qiao Yaojun
Published: February 2021

A QPSK-assisted MIMO equalization is investigated to compensate bandwidth limitation for 800-Gb/s/λ DP-256QAM systems with only 25G-class optics. Compared with conventional MIMO equalization, the proposed equalization scheme exhibits 1.8-dB OSNR improvement at 15% FEC limit.
Directional edge enhancement using anisotropic spiral phase filter
Authors: Jiang Yanjun , Wang Yongjun , Li Chao , Gao Kaiqiang , Wang Yutao , Huang Xingyuan
Published: February 2021

An unconventional spiral phase filter based on inhomogeneous phase is proposed. Simulation results show the filter is capable of enhancing the edges of the given object selectively in any desired direction and any selective region.
A New Approach for Tightly Upper Bounding the BER of BDPSK Signal in Log-Normal SIMO FSO Channels
Authors: Zhai Dandan , Wang Zixiong , Kam Pooi-Yuen
Published: February 2021

We propose a novel approach to obtain the closed-form solution of upper bound for binary differential phase shift keying signal’s bit error rate over log-normal channels. The upper bound’s tightness is verified by numerical analysis.
Performance comparison of different OAM-based mode diversity schemes with coherent receipt under atmosphere turbulence
Authors: Wang Andong , Zhu Long , Lu Bing , Deng Mingliang , Guo Xiaojin
Published: February 2021

We numerically compare the performance of different OAM-based mode diversity schemes under different atmosphere turbulence. The numerical results show that SIMO modes diversity scheme is more preferable under moderate-to-strong turbulence, while MISO is more appropriate under weak turbulence.
High-speed Long-distance Optical Wireless Communication Based on a 940-nm VCSEL with 4.46-Gbps QAM-OFDM
Authors: Cao Zhiyuan , Zhang Shi , Wei Zixian , Zhang Li , Wang Zhaoming , Fu H. Y. , Dong Yuhan
Published: February 2021

We proposed a 940-nm VCSEL-based QAM-OFDM optical wireless communication (OWC) system using adaptive bit-power loading strategy over 12 meters which achieved 4.46-Gbps data rate below forward error correction (FEC) criterion of 3.8 × 10-3.
Reservoir Computing Based on Semiconductor Lasers Using Parallel Double Optical Feedback Structure
Authors: Wang Shuai , Hua Fei , Fang Nian , Wang Lutang
Published: February 2021

A structure of parallel double optical feedback for semiconductor lasers-based reservoir computing is proposed to reduce the masked input data, speed up the data processing and lower the memory length requirement for the arbitrary waveform generator. The simulation results of three benchmark tasks and memory capacity verify the improvement effects.
Transmitter IQ Mismatch Compensation and Monitoring for Digital Subcarrier-multiplexing Systems
Authors: Zhai Zhiqun , Fu Mengfan , Liu Lei , Jiang Hexun , Ren Huiling , Yi Lilin , Hu Weisheng , Zhuge Qunbi
Published: February 2021

A transmitter (Tx) IQ mismatch compensation and monitoring scheme based on post-equalization is proposed for subcarrier-multiplexing systems. The estimation errors of power and phase mismatch are less than 0.1 dB and 0.3 degree, respectively.
Generation and detection of a phase modulated linearly chirped waveform using an orthogonally polarized optical signal
Authors: Li Xuan , Zhao Shanghong , Wang Guodong , Li He
Published: February 2021

An orthogonally polarized optical signal is generated and used to perform data modulation and local carrier generation. As a result, a phase modulated linearly chirped waveform can be obtained and coherent detected.
High Efficiency Error Correction for Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution using Raptor-Like LDPC Codes
Authors: Zhou Chao , Wang Xiangyu , Zhang Yichen , Zhang Zhiguo , Yu Song
Published: February 2021

We introduce a simple but high efficient raptor-like LDPC code for the long distance continuous-variable quantum key distribution system, which achieves stable reconciliation efficiency of more than 90% under low SNR regions.