bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Achieving Optimal Population Cardiovascular Health Requires an Interdisciplinary Team and a Learning Healthcare System: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Foraker Randi E. , Benziger Catherine P. , DeBarmore Bailey M. , Cené Crystal W. , Loustalot Fleetwood , Khan Yosef , Anderson Cheryl A.M. , Roger Véronique L. ,   On behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; and Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health
Published: December 2020

Population cardiovascular health, or improving cardiovascular health among patients and the population at large, requires a redoubling of primordial and primary prevention efforts as declines in cardiovascular disease mortality have decelerated over the past decade. Great potential exists for healthcare systems–based approaches to aid in reversing these trends. A learning healthcare system, in which population cardiovascular health metrics are measured, evaluated, intervened on, and re-evaluated, can serve as a model for developing the evidence base for developing, deploying, and disseminating interventions. This scientific statement on optimizing population cardiovascular health summarizes the current evidence for such an approach; reviews contemporary sources for relevant performance and clinical metrics; highlights the role of implementation science strategies; and advocates for an interdisciplinary team approach to enhance the impact of this work.
Number of Social Determinants of Health and Fatal and Nonfatal Incident Coronary Heart Disease in the REGARDS Study
Authors: Safford Monika M. , Reshetnyak Evgeniya , Sterling Madeline R. , Richman Joshua S. , Muntner Paul M. , Durant Raegan W. , Booth John , Pinheiro Laura C.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Social determinants of health (SDH) are individually associated with incident coronary heart disease (CHD) events. Indices reflecting social deprivation have been developed for population management, but are difficult to operationalize during clinical care. We examined whether a simple count of SDH is associated with fatal incident CHD and nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods:

We used data from the prospective longitudinal REGARDS cohort study (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke), a national population-based sample of community-dwelling Black and White adults age ≥45 years recruited from 2003 to 2007. Seven SDH from the 5 Healthy People 2020 domains included social context (Black race, social isolation); education (educational attainment); economic stability (annual household income); neighborhood (living in a zip code with high poverty); and health care (lacking health insurance, living in 1 of the 9 US states with the least public health infrastructure). Outcomes were expert adjudicated fatal incident CHD and nonfatal MI.

Results:

Of 22 152 participants free of CHD at baseline, 58.8% were women and 42.0% were Black; 20.6% had no SDH, 30.6% had 1, 23.0% had 2, and 25.8% had ≥3. There were 463 fatal incident CHD events and 932 nonfatal MIs over a median of 10.7 years (interquartile range, 6.6 to 12.7). Fewer SDHs were associated with nonfatal MI than with fatal incident CHD. The age-adjusted incidence per 1000 person-years increased with the number of SDH for both fatal incident CHD (0 SDH, 1.30; 1 SDH, 1.44; 2 SDH, 2.05; ≥3 SDH, 2.86) and nonfatal MI (0 SDH, 3.91; 1 SDH, 4.33; ≥2 SDH, 5.44). Compared with those without SDH, crude and fully adjusted hazard ratios for fatal incident CHD among those with ≥3 SDH were 3.00 (95% CI, 2.17 to 4.15) and 1.67 (95% CI, 1.18 to 2.37), respectively; hazard ratios for nonfatal MI among those with ≥2 SDH were 1.57 (95% CI, 1.30 to 1.90) and 1.14 (95% CI, 0.93 to 1.41), respectively.

Conclusions:

A greater burden of SDH was associated with a graded increase in risk of incident CHD, with greater magnitude and independent associations for fatal incident CHD. Counting the number of SDHs may be a promising approach that could be incorporated into clinical care to identify individuals at high risk of CHD.
Digging Deeper into the “Plausibility of Rights”-Criterion in the Provisional Measures Jurisprudence of the ICJ
Authors: Kolb Robert
Published: December 2020

Since 2009, the ICJ has included a plausibility requirement as a condition for indicating provisional measures as demanded by the applicant. What that criterion exactly means and how it is to be applied remains uncertain. This short contribution delves into some blind spots, which have not to date been meaningfully discussed either by the Court or in legal writings. The two main issues turn around the meaning of “preservation of rights” and the applicable standard for determining plausibility. In particular the rights-limb is replete with legal intricacies. Further, some ancillary aspects are discussed, e.g. the link of plausibility with jurisdictional issues. Various conclusions are drawn and some preferred interpretations uttered on these questions.
Ethnic nationalism and gendered morality in the semiotic construction of the Moro language of Sudan
Authors: Lamoureaux Siri
Published: December 2020

This paper brings together discussions on language and nationalism, with gender and nationalism. Drawing from ‘language ideology’ and ‘indexical gender’ from a linguistic anthropological approach, it traces the emergence of the “Moro language”, in the context of a Moro ethnic national movement, originating in the Nuba Mountains of Sudan, and how it became indexically linked with masculine authority. Moro identify as Nuba and Christian, as opposed to Arab and Muslim, the dominant identities. Christian literacy, spearheaded by patriarchal leadership became the frame through which Moro organized ethnic identity and unity. The constructed language, as the object of metapragmatic evaluation, is also tightly woven into norms of morality and gender within the community. Two registers are identified: textuality is normatively masculine and orality is normatively feminine. The Moro community draws on gendered ideologies to produce a new writing and speaking style, the “Moro Bible Language” (MBL). MBL results from the interweaving of the two registers in language standardization practices. Negotiating the ideologies that bring MBL to life occurs in metalinguistic discourse, teaching, learning and speaking styles. Since the politics of standardization are foregrounded, even seeming apolitical projects are laden with moral worth in the turbulent context of rapid cultural change.
Contextualising the Socialisation of Muslim Minorities within Parental Upbringing Values in the Netherlands
Authors: Chafai Habiba
Published: December 2020

The objective of the present review article is to position the role of parents from Muslim backgrounds in shaping the participation and socialisation of their children in Dutch society. It particularly seeks to contextualise the topic among Moroccan-Dutch parents from a cultural perspective by discussing gender issues, religiosity, identity and parental upbringing. The review begins by providing a context on Moroccan-Dutch migration history, religious and cultural background, and socio-economic status. It aims to explore the relationship between the transmission of parental upbringing and the socialisation of children by discussing the representation of Muslims in the media, the portrayal of Muslim women in the integration discourse, markers of identity and sense of belonging, and the impact of parental upbringing values.
Report of ciliate-bryozoan-crustacean hyperepibiosis on crab (Decapoda: Brachyura) from west coast of India, Arabian Sea
Authors: CHATTERJEE TAPAS , DOVGAL IGOR , VIEIRA LEANDRO M. , DUTTA ARPITA , NANAJKAR MANDAR
Published: December 2020

Epibiosis is a common phenomenon, found in different taxa of aquatic animals. This relationship could occur as hyperepibiosis, when a basibiont being also an epibiont, providing a stable substrate for the hypersymbiont. Here we reported a ciliate-bryozoan-crustacean hyperepibiosis in Mandovi River mouth, Goa, West coast of India. We provided descriptions and characterization of the crab Atergatis sp., serving as basibiont for the bryozoan Triticella pedicellata (Alder, 1857), in turn colonized with (hyperepibionts) the ciliates Paracineta saifulae (Mereschkowsky, 1877) and Cothurnia ceramicola Kahl, 1933. Paracineta saifulae and Cothurnia ceramicola are reported here for first time from the Indian Ocean.
Narrow-winged pyralids (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea, Pyralidae, Phycitinae) of Leningrad Province and the city of St. Petersburg, Russia
Authors: TSVETKOV EUGENE
Published: December 2020

An annotated list of 50 species of narrow-winged pyralids is provided, including the species, which were ever recorded in Leningrad Province and the city of St. Petersburg. Eleven species are new for the region, among them 6 species which are new for Northwest region of Russia; one species, Ephestia mistralella (Millière, 1874), is reported for Russia for the first time.
Two new species of oak gall wasps from Turkey (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)
Authors: MUTUN SERAP , DINÇ SERDAR , MELIKA GEORGE
Published: December 2020

Two new species of oak gall wasps, Cynips izzetbaysali sp. nov. and Callirhytis afion sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) are described from Turkey. The new Cynips species is known only from asexual females and induces detachable leaf galls on Quercus infectoria. The sexual generation of the new Callirhytis species is known to induce acorn galls on Quercus cerris. Data on the diagnosis, distribution, and biology of the two new species are given.
Reading 3 John Within a Jewish Framework: An Overdue Reconsideration of the Text
Authors: Paley Justin
Published: December 2020

This article challenges the interpretive decision made by many scholars to group 3 John with the rest of the Johannine Epistles (and sometimes John’s Gospel). This interpretative method fails to treat 3 John, as well as the rest of the Epistles, on their own terms. It also often places these texts within a hypothetical ‘Johannine Community’ and its various phases of development. However, if 3 John is read on its own, the text itself points us to interpret it within a Jewish framework. The seemingly lack of interest in Jews and Judaism, rather than being a sign of a later date when this group was no longer rooted in any Jewish community and no longer cared about such issues, is a sign that the epistle dates from a period before this community of Christ-believers began to markedly differentiate themselves from other Jews. These points, as well as the author’s use of τὸν ἐθνικός when describing the missionary work by some of those within the community, may also suggest that the conflict between the Elder and Diotrephes was related to disagreements over the nature of missionary work within the early Jesus movement.
Investigating implicit biases around race and gender in Canadian counterterrorism
Authors: Schmidt Rachel
Published: December 2020

A growing body of research on terrorism and countering violent extremism (CVE) has increasingly questioned the lack of attention to—and myths around—women involved in extremist and political violence, while other research has drawn attention to racial and religious stereotypes that affect national security policies and practices worldwide. While Canada is often heralded as a global leader in multiculturalism and gender equality, the nation’s national security sector still faces significant challenges around implicit biases related to race and gender. This study asks whether gender and racial stereotypes impeding counterterrorism and CVE in other countries are also affecting policies and practices in Canada. Using twenty-six in-depth interviews with practitioners, police officers, academics, and government officials from seven major cities across Canada, this paper argues that persistent gender and racial stereotypes are indeed a key challenge impeding Canada’s efforts to adequately address radicalization into and disengagement from extremist violence.
Perceived health, adversity, and posttraumatic stress disorder in Syrian and Iraqi refugees
Authors: Javanbakht Arash , Grasser Lana Ruvolo , Kim Soyeong , Arfken Cynthia L , Nugent Nicole
Published: December 2020

Background:

Exposure to armed conflict and fleeing country of origin for refugees has been associated with poorer psychological health.

Methods:

Within the first month following their arrival in the United States, 152 Syrian and Iraqi refugees were screened in a primary care setting for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression and rated their perceived health, and perceived level of adversity of violence, armed conflict/flight. The moderating effects of psychiatric symptoms on the relation between perceived adversity and perceived health were assessed.

Results:

Three models based on diagnosis (PTSD, anxiety, and depression) were tested. While significant effects were found on perceived adversity negatively influencing perceived health across diagnoses, slightly different patterns emerged based on diagnosis.

Discussion:

Findings suggest that refugees’ perception regarding adversity of violence, armed conflict, and flight may contribute to perceived health, with a moderating role of clinically significant symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and depression.
External control mechanisms and red tape: testing the roles of external audit and evaluation on red tape in quasi-governmental organizations
Authors: Oh Youngmin , Lee Kyungeun
Published: December 2020

Over the past three decades, red tape has been a significant issue in public administration. Several prior studies have discovered the external origins of red tape, noting the roles of external control on increased red tape. Despite the empirical studies, it remains unclear how the particular tools of external controls, such as external audits and evaluations, are associated with employees’ perception of red tape. To answer this question, we measured different external control mechanisms in quasi-governmental organizations in Korea and investigated their effects on red-tape perception. The results show that external audits increase employees’ red-tape perception, whereas external evaluations decrease their perception. However, the positive function of evaluation disappears under a high level of government control because both external audits and evaluations increase red-tape perception when more government control is perceived.

Points for practitioners

This study sheds theoretical light on the negative impacts of external control in rule management. The impacts of audit and evaluation on red tape are empirically identified in public organizations. Practitioners need to realize that the use of audit and evaluation may produce unintended effects that increase ineffective rules even though such control mechanisms are designed to check mismanagement in quasi-government organizations.
Navigating the Gap Between Dialogic and Diagnostic Organization Development
Authors: Hastings Bradley J.
Published: December 2020

This piece reflects on my recent transition from practitioner to academic. Drawing from my experience, I highlight a case that explains what I see as a gap in organization development theory. Illustrating an as yet untheorized aspect of how dialogic and diagnostic theories come together, I propose a future focus of integrating the virtues of these two perspectives.
Using the Active Movement Extent Discrimination Apparatus to Test Individual Proprioception Acuity: Implications for Test Design
Authors: Antcliff Susan , Welvaert Marijke , Witchalls Jeremy , Wallwork Sarah B. , Waddington Gordon
Published: December 2020

The Active Movement Extent Discrimination Apparatus (AMEDA) has been used for measuring proprioception at various joints in the body for more than two decades. The utility of this instrument for discriminating groups has been reported in terms of an area under the curve (AUC) derived from an absolute identification test. This metric has supported statistically significant group differences, but it is not clear whether the AMEDA’s testing protocol is suitable for measuring individual proprioception acuity changes. This study aimed to test the reliability, variance and absolute AUC scores obtained with the AMEDA with reference to other studies that have tested absolute identification acuity in other domains and the theoretical underpinnings of the testing protocol. We re-analyzed raw data from a 2013 study involving 65 people, most of whom were tested three times over two separate sessions on the ankle AMEDA by now assessing the accuracy of individual responses and calculating the sensitivity index, d’, in addition to the AUC. To assess reliability, we calculated the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM) for those who completed all three tests. Fewer than 50% of presented stimuli were accurately identified and relatively poor discrimination was achieved between adjacent stimuli (in only one case was the median d’ value greater than 1). The ICC of AUC scores across the three tests was poor (0.47). The SEM was 0.04, while 90% of participants’ AUC scores fell between 0.59 and 0.76. The variation in performance at the individual level was substantial, producing a large SEM relative to the population spread of scores. We considered potential theoretical factors that may be affecting these results and concluded that an alternative approach will be needed in order for the apparatus to be used to explore individual proprioceptive performance.
Mapping Deliberative Systems with Big Data: The Case of the Scottish Independence Referendum
Authors: Parkinson John , De Laile Sebastian , Franco-Guillén Núria
Published: December 2020

Deliberative systems theorists have for some time emphasised the distributed nature of deliberative values; they therefore do not focus exclusively on ‘deliberation’ but on all sorts of communication that advance deliberative democratic values, including everyday political talk in informal settings. However, such talk has been impossible to capture inductively at scale. This article discusses an electronic approach, Structural Topic Modelling, and applies it to a recent case: the Scottish independence debate of 2012–2014. The case provides the first empirical test of the claim that a deliberative system can capture the full ‘pool of perspectives’ on an issue, and shows that citizens can hold each other to deliberative standards even in mass, online discussion. It also shows that, in deliberative terms, the major cleavage in the ‘indyref’ debate was not so much between Yes and No, but between formal and informal venues.
The Limits of Rehabilitation and Recidivism Reduction: Rethinking the Evaluation of Arts Programming in Prisons
Authors: van der Meulen Emily , Omstead Jackie
Published: December 2020

Canadian prison-based arts and other programming are limited at best. Even the country’s Correctional Investigator, or prison-ombudsperson, has critiqued the lack of meaningful options in which prisoners can engage. Those programs that do exist tend to be focused on the logic of penal rehabilitation, with the end goal of reducing recidivism. In this article, we showcase the evaluation of a 9-week arts program in a women’s prison, the aim of which was to build community and foster artistic engagement, thus running counter to normative carceral logics.
The Impact of a Reentry and Aftercare Program on Recidivism
Authors: Cannonier Colin , Galloway Burke Monica , Mitchell Ed
Published: December 2020

In this article, we explore the impact of a reentry and aftercare service program on the likelihood of returning to prison by ex-offenders. Using administrative data within a difference-in-differences design, we find that this social program is associated with a reduction in recidivism rates. Benchmark estimates show that the program was associated with estimated reductions in the probability of recidivating of 6.0 to 8.7 percentage points. The estimate appears to be economically significant as it implies an estimated treated effect in the 15.8% to 19.2% range. We consider the heterogeneous effects of the program on reducing recidivism according to race, age group, and program type. The program helped to reduce recidivism among Whites but not Blacks; older participants were the main beneficiaries while the effectiveness of the program was observed among older participants. Back-of-the-envelope cost-savings analysis is incorporated to estimate the potential savings to the state arising from the reduction in recidivism rates likely attributable to the program. The findings are robust to sample selection bias, alternative specifications, and estimation techniques. Our results offer some implications for the role of faith-based social programs within the context of criminal justice reform to combat reentry of former inmates. They also provide a cautionary tale about the need to evaluate programs not just based on their overall effect.
Difficult texts: Mark 11.17 – a sacrificial systems failure in the Temple?
Authors: Laynesmith Mark
Published: December 2020

This article suggests that Jesus’ action in the Temple may be understood as a socio-psychological critique of the corruption of the sacrificial system.
COVID-19 and/with dengue infection: A curse in an overburdened healthcare system
Authors: Panda Prateek Kumar , Sharawat Indar Kumar
Published: December 2020

While the world battles to wrestle with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, regions with endemic dengue fever are confronting the possibility of a double pandemic that could completely overpower health care services administrations. Simultaneous outbreaks of dengue and COVID-19, as well as probable cases of overlapping infections, have already started in Latin America and certain Asian countries. There, the healthcare framework is already overburdened and such a deadly duo may completely overwhelm hospital emergency services quite apart from a country’s economy. Precise epidemiological and contact history-taking joined with due attention to false-positive dengue serology and the chance of co-infections are key devices for frontline doctors to overcome this seemingly insurmountable challenge.
Significant learning and public administration education: The impact of short-term courses
Authors: Atkinson Christopher L
Published: December 2020

This paper considers online courses in human resources, public budgeting, and public procurement, within a public administration program, developed and taught during one calendar year at a public regional university in the southeastern United States. Each course had an underpinning of required reading, but also included individual and collaborative role-playing and simulation activities. The effect of shorter term online classes on the potential for significant learning, in public administration programs or otherwise, has not been fully explored. The research question is: What impact do short-term classes have on the potential for significant learning? A survey of students was conducted, and the resulting corpus was analyzed, using a two-cycle coding strategy. It is concluded that short-term classes may limit the ability of students to fully gain knowledge transfer and applied skill. There are specific concerns raised by study participants about work expectations that are voluminous, even given the accelerated nature of programs, and how this might undermine the potential for quality learning outcomes. At minimum, short-term courses raise significant potential learning-related issues, and show gaps between the expectations of a knowledge-transfer-centered program and the added value of significant learning opportunities.
Reading comprehension gains in a differentiated reading intervention in Spanish based on the Simple View
Authors: Silva-Maceda Gabriela , Camarillo-Salazar Blanca Flor
Published: December 2020

This experimental study aimed to influence reading comprehension skills through the development of one or both components of the Simple View of Reading (decoding and listening comprehension), by using a differentiated instruction approach. Reading comprehension skill gains were compared in an intervention group versus a control, after the delivery of a program designed to target one or both of such components. Fifty-four children from two 1st grade classrooms in a public school in Mexico were screened for difficulties in decoding and listening comprehension at the end of the school year. At the beginning of 2nd grade, 27 students identified with difficulties were randomly assigned to either an intervention ( n = 14) or a control group ( n = 13). Students selected for the targeted intervention attended the sessions aimed at their specific needs: five students with poor decoding only received the Phonological and Orthographic Awareness sessions of the intervention (9 sessions); seven students with poor listening comprehension only attended the Oral Vocabulary sessions (5 sessions); two students with mixed difficulties attended the full program (14 sessions). A 2 × 2 mixed analysis of variance showed that the interaction between the Time and Group variables had a significant effect, i.e. students in the intervention group had significantly higher scores in the post-test evaluation with respect to their baseline and compared to the growth observed in the control group. Results are discussed concerning their implications for teaching practices and for the use of strategies that target reading specific difficulties in students using both oral and written language.
Computed tomography characteristics of multiple myeloma and other osteolytic metastatic bone lesions
Authors: Mutlu Uygar , Balci Ali , Özsan Güner Hayri , Özkal Sermin , Şeyhanli Ahmet , Özgül Hakan Abdullah
Published: December 2020

Background

Differentiation of multiple myeloma (MM) from osteolytic metastatic (OM) bone lesions may be critical in patients with lytic bone lesions but can be challenging for radiologists.

Purpose

To determine whether computed tomography (CT) can be used to distinguish between MM and other OM bone lesions.

Material and Methods

In this retrospective study, 320 lesions of 207 patients diagnosed with MM or OM, based on biopsy or clinical examination, were evaluated. Eight qualitative features were evaluated by two radiologists blinded to the diagnoses. The chi-square and Fisher exact tests, and logistic regression analysis, were used to evaluate the relationships between the CT findings and diagnoses.

Results

High-density areas were more common in OM than MM lesions (85.2% and 19%, P < 0.001), as were perilesional sclerosis (38.9% vs. 13.2%, P < 0.001), heterogeneity (on non-contrast CT images, 60% vs. 19.1%, P < 0.001; on contrast enhanced CT images, 80.6% vs. 28.2%, P < 0.001), and ill-defined margins (34.6% vs. 9.1%, P < 0.001). Similarly, OM lesions showed high-density areas more than MM in evaluation of skeletal system subgroups (vertebrae, 93.8% vs. 29.8%, P < 0.0001; thoracic cage bones, 69.6% vs. 19.2%, P < 0.001; pelvic bones and sacrum, 84.8% vs. 7.7%, P < 0.001; peripheral skeletal bones, 81.5% vs. 8.3%, P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of a high-density area in the lesion increased the probability of a metastasis 25.88-fold (R2 = 0.516, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

MM and OM lesions can be differentiated by CT; OM lesions exhibit high- density areas.
Effect of Slope and Varus Correction High Tibial Osteotomy in the ACL-Deficient and ACL-Reconstructed Knee on Kinematics and ACL Graft Force: A Biomechanical Analysis
Authors: Imhoff Florian B. , Comer Brendan , Obopilwe Elifho , Beitzel Knut , Arciero Robert A. , Mehl Julian T.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Correction of high posterior tibial slope is an important treatment option for revision of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) failure as seen in clinical and biomechanical studies. In cases with moderate to severe medial compartment arthritis, an additional varus correction osteotomy may be added to improve alignment.

Purpose:

To investigate the influence of coronal and sagittal correction high tibial osteotomy in ACL-deficient and ACL-reconstructed knees on knee kinematics and ACL graft load.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Ten cadaveric knees were selected according to previous computed tomography measurements with increased native slope and slight varus tibial alignment (mean ± SD): slope, 9.9°± 1.4°; medial proximal tibia angle, 86.5°± 2.1°; age, 47.7 ± 5.8 years. A 10° anterior closing-wedge osteotomy, as well as an additional 5° of simulated varus correction osteotomy, were created and fixed using an external fixator. Four alignment conditions—native, varus correction, slope correction, and combined varus and slope correction—were randomly tested in 2 states: ACL-deficient and ACL-reconstructed. Compressive axial loads were applied to the tibia while mounted on a free-moving X-Y table and free-rotating tibia in a knee testing fixture. Three-dimensional motion tracking captured anterior tibial translation (ATT) and internal tibial rotation. Change of tensile forces on the reconstructed ACL graft were recorded.

Results:

In the ACL-deficient knee, an isolated varus correction led to a significant increase of ATT by 4.3 ± 4.0 mm ( P = .04). Isolated slope reduction resulted in the greatest decrease of ATT by 6.2 ± 4.3 mm ( P < .001). In the ACL-reconstructed knee, ATT showed comparable changes, while combined varus and slope correction led to lower ATT by 3.7 ± 2.6 mm ( P = .01) than ATT in the native alignment. Internal tibial rotation was not significantly altered by varus correction but significantly increased after isolated slope correction by 4.0°± 4.1° ( P < .01). Each isolated or combined osteotomy showed decreased forces on the graft as compared with the native state. The combined varus and slope osteotomy led to a mean decrease of ACL graft force by 33% at 200 N and by 58% at 400 N as compared with the native condition ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

A combined varus and slope correction led to a relevant decrease of ATT in the ACL-deficient and ACL-reconstructed cadaveric knee. ACL graft forces were significantly decreased after combined varus and slope correction. Thus, our biomechanical findings support the treatment goal of a perpendicular-aligned tibial plateau for ACL insufficiencies, especially in cases of revision surgery.

Clinical Relevance:

This study shows the beneficial knee kinematics and reduced forces on the ACL graft after combined varus and slope correction.
Contributing to an Evidence-Based Practice in Canadian School Psychology
Authors: Shaw Steven R.
Published: December 2020

The Canadian Journal of School Psychology has established itself as one of the leading scholarly journals in the profession of school psychology. In addition to promoting a Canada-wide version of professional school psychology, CJSP will continue to be an international leader for innovation and contributions to creating an evidence-based profession. CJSP will continue to publish the highest quality research and scholarship that contributes to the practice of school psychology, supports professionals working in schools and clinics, and presents new approaches to support the mental health, learning, and development of children and adolescents. The accomplishments and contents from 2020 are reviewed and a roadmap is described for the future of CJSP.
Dementia, Work and Employability: Using the Capability Approach to Understand the Employability Potential for People Living with Dementia
Authors: Ritchie Louise , Egdell Valerie , Danson Michael , Cook Mandy , Stavert Jill , Tolson Debbie
Published: December 2020

The importance of remaining in, or re-entering, the labour market is emphasised by governments internationally. While this may bring benefits, progressive disabilities such as dementia affect an individual’s employability. Although employers have legal obligations to support employees with disabilities, research suggests that employers are not providing this support to employees living with dementia and are undermining their capabilities. Drawing on interview data from 38 key informants collected over two studies, we explore the potential for supporting and promoting the employability of people living with dementia. A model of sustainable employability based on the Capability Approach is used as a lens to explore this issue. The findings demonstrate the implications of progressive disabilities for employability when the worker and their family are faced with dealing with a disability in a period of uncertainty with a lack of public and workplace understanding.
Facile method for fabricating atomic oxygen resistant polyimide films with excellent optical homogeneity containing hyperbranched polysiloxane
Authors: Lv Gang , Xie Songpei , Mao Danbo , Ren Ge , Wu Shibin , Yang Wei
Published: December 2020

Mechanically robust optical homogeneous polyimide (PI) films with desirable atomic oxygen (AO) erosion duration were fabricated by initially synthesizing amine-functionalized hyperbranched polysiloxane (NH2-HBPSi), then reinforcing the pristine polyimide skeleton with it via copolycondensation reactions. NH2-HBPSi macromolecule imparts desirable AO survivability to the resulting hybrids. The mass loss per unit area of hybrid films had a downward trend with rising NH2-HBPSi content and AO dose before the complete silica protective layer was formed. It has been proven by the experiments in an underground simulated AO environment. It decreased to 1% of that of pristine polyimide when NH2-HBPSi accounted for 30% of the solid content after 24 h AO attack. The stable thickness uniformity that can meet the Rayleigh criterion was achieved in a 30 wt% HBPSi PI film, mainly due to the selection of the best process parameters. Meanwhile, 30 wt% HBPSi PI demonstrates satisfactory mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 228.9 MPa and elongation at break of 7.3%. The characterization of scanning electron microscopy confirmed that pristine polyimide was substantially eroded after AO exposure while the surface morphology of 30 wt% HBPSi polyimide showed no evident change. The low AO erosion yield and prominent film thickness uniformity may find extensive usage in ultra-lightweight space diffractive optical elements (DOE) working in low earth orbit (LEO).
Integrated longitudinal and lateral control for autonomous vehicles with active load transfer strategy at the handling limits
Authors: Xiong Lu , Yang Xing , Leng Bo , Zhang Renxie , Fu Zhiqiang , Zhuo Guirong
Published: December 2020

In order to avoid collisions in emergency conditions, the autonomous vehicle may be necessitated to maneuvers up to their handling limits. In these scenarios, the vehicle must be able to react quickly although the longitudinal and lateral coupled and nonlinear dynamics are significantly enhanced. To improve the accuracy of trajectory tracking and vehicle stability at the handling limits, this paper presents a hierarchical motion control framework that prioritizing lateral response. For lateral motion control, a nested architecture that consists of lateral deviation control and yaw rate control is designed considering parameter uncertainties. In longitudinal motion controller, the constraints of longitudinal tire forces are calculated on the premise of meeting steering demand. On this basis, an active load transfer strategy is proposed to optimize the steering response, which increasing the lateral stiffness of the front wheels through load transfer generated by active braking. Meanwhile, a longitudinal speed control algorithm considering the longitudinal acceleration demand is developed based on conditional integral method, to cope with the contradiction between fast tracking and small overshoot. Finally, experimental results in different scenarios demonstrate that the autonomous vehicle with the proposed control scheme can track the desired trajectory stably and accurately at the handling limits.
Tractive performance prediction for wheeled unmanned vehicles based on dynamics and discrete element method
Authors: Wang Wen-Hao , Xu Xiao-Jun , Xu Hai-Jun , Wang Li-Ya
Published: December 2020

Tractive performance is a key factor affecting the field mobility of unmanned vehicles. Presently, studies on the tractive performance of unmanned vehicles mainly focus on the tractive performance of a single wheel, but few studies have used the discrete element method to predict the tractive performance of vehicles. In this paper, a method based on dynamics and discrete elements is proposed to predict the traction performance of a vehicle. Based on the proposed method, the tractive performance of an unmanned vehicle in various field environments is obtained. Firstly, a numerical method for calculating the dynamic tractive performance of the vehicle on a flat road surface is proposed based on vehicle dynamics theory and terramechanics. According to the corresponding soil parameters, the tractive performance of the vehicle on three different sandy loams and three different clays is calculated. The mechanism of action between the wheels and the soil on sloped road is different from that on flat road, and the numerical calculation method is no longer suitable for predicting the tractive performance of vehicles on sloped roads. To predict the tractive performance of unmanned vehicles on various slope roads, the dynamic and discrete element method was used to simulate a sandy loam flat road, sandy loam pitch slope, sandy loam roll slope, light clay flat road, light clay pitch slope, and light clay roll slope. The vehicle dynamics model was established using dynamics software, and the tractive performance of the vehicle on six different roads was obtained through the coupling simulation of dynamics and discrete elements.
Conflicting visibilities: Police and politics among border migrants in Chile
Authors: Aedo Angel
Published: December 2020

The inhabitants of the squatted settlements in the border city of Arica, mostly indigenous migrants from the Peruvian–Bolivian highlands, feel the effects of the racialized geography of northern Chile through social discrimination, economic exploitation and deprivation of political rights. In these settlements, their migrant residents make palpable the pervasive tension between a mode of visibility that I analyse in terms of a ‘politics of presence’ and another kind of visibility that is created by the state’s ‘legibility’ techniques. Three aspects come together in this process of conflicting visibilities: (1) the reciprocal influence between a borderland and its police order; (2) the relationship between biopower and the (in)visibility dynamic of migrant lives; and (3) the generative relationship between a redefinition of security and altered citizen practices. Through an analysis of these sets of relationships, the article provides a richer understanding of how, in the struggle between the political logic of equality and the police logic of domination, border migrants forge cunning and rebellious political subjectivities that challenge the border regime in which they find themselves by questioning both the basis on which rights are defined and the boundaries of citizenship.
The business of war untangled: Cities as fiscal-military hubs in Europe (1530s–1860s)
Authors: Wilson Peter H. , Klerk Marianne
Published: December 2020

Fiscal-military hubs were cities characterized by the clustering of specific expertise and resources, which became centres where states, and semi-state and non-state actors arranged the transfer of war-making resources in early modern Europe. Using this concept enables the study of the business of war to shift the locus beyond the state towards a transnational history, while integrating political, military, economic, and cultural aspects that have generally been studied separately. By examining the hub, we can untangle the full complexity of this business, and reveal its actors, networks, assets, prices, routes, culture, and rules of conduct.
Has the European Union empowered the regions? A pre- and post-Brexit preliminary investigation of the United Kingdom
Authors: Lagana Giada
Published: December 2020

The literature on the relationship between regions and the European Union (EU) has generated important insights. Firstly, existing scholarship has found that the EU has empowered, as well as disempowered, regions and sub-national governments. Secondly, researchers have convincingly demonstrated how regions have adapted to the EU opportunity structure. Finally, studies exist that have investigated the ways in which regions and sub-national governments have also influenced the EU opportunity structure. These dimensions are rarely brought together to examine the mutual influence and constant interaction of regions and the EU. Accordingly, this article aims to provide a short systematic account of how empowering and disempowering structures and sub-national governments’ endeavours in the United Kingdom (UK) interacted with the European level. It will do so through the Strategic-Relational Approach, showing how regional motivations, processes of devolution, differential opportunities and constraints and strategies of adaptation and transformation are interrelated. The last section will discuss some of the disempowering issues Brexit presents for the UK’s territorial and constitutional future.
Evaluating the Performance of Indian Domestic Banks Through the Lens of Pareto–Koopmans Efficiency
Authors: Khati Karan Singh , Mukherjee Deep
Published: December 2020

In this article, we use data envelopment analysis to obtain Pareto–Koopmans (PK) measures of technical efficiency (TE) of India’s domestic commercial banks for the period between the global financial crisis and merger of the State Bank of India and its associates. This article aims to contribute to the growing body of literature on the efficiency of Indian banks by adopting the concept of PK efficiency to overcome the restrictive nature of radial and orientation-specific TE measures. To the best of our knowledge, this article is the first of its kind where one can disaggregate overall TE into two separate components by measuring input and output efficiency in the Indian banking sector. We assume a three-input three-output technology for both groups and utilize a balanced panel of 26 public sector banks (PSBs) and 19 private banks (PVBs) from 2010–2011 to 2016–2017. The mean PK efficiencies across the study period are 0.86 and 0.72 for PSBs and PVBs, respectively. Hence, there is considerable scope of improvement in the productive performance of PVBs. The disaggregation of PK efficiencies into input- and output-specific components reveals that for PSBs, the inefficiencies primarily result from physical assets, while for PVBs, they emerge mainly from other incomes. Hence, the management should specifically target these aspects of banking operations to improve their performance. Second-stage regression analysis reveals that PK-TE has a non-linear relationship with the size of a bank. Deposit to liability ratio and management quality negatively impact PK efficiency, while priority sector lending positively influences it.
Clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical features of 13 cases of canine gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma
Authors: O’Brien Kevin M. , Bankoff Braelyn J. , Rosenstein Peri K. , Clendaniel Daphne C. , Sánchez Melissa D. , Durham Amy C.
Published: December 2020

In this retrospective descriptive study, we characterized the clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical features of 13 cases of canine gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma (GB-NEC). Immunohistochemical stains for neuroendocrine (neuron-specific enolase [NSE], chromogranin A, synaptophysin) and gastrin markers were evaluated, and clinicopathologic and follow-up data were obtained for all cases. The average age at diagnosis was 8.9 y, and breeds included 6 Boston Terriers, 2 Bichon Frise, 1 Poodle, 1 English Bulldog, 1 French Bulldog, and 2 mixed-breed dogs. Boston Terriers were overrepresented in this cohort, and therefore a breed predilection is possible. Most dogs were presented with emesis and elevated liver enzyme activities: 13 of 13 had elevated alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities; 8 of 13 had elevated aspartate aminotransferase activity; 7 of 13 had elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase activity. Abdominal ultrasound and/or exploratory surgery revealed a gallbladder mass. All neoplasms had similar histologic features and positive immunoreactivity for NSE, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and gastrin. Vascular invasion was noted in 8 of 13 neoplasms, and metastasis was present in 6 of 13 cases (4 hepatic and 2 pulmonary metastases). The median survival time was 3.7 y in patients who died; 5 of 8 deaths were directly attributed to the GB-NEC, 3 of which had metastatic spread. GB-NECs have the potential to metastasize; however, surgical excision may be curative in a subset of dogs.
Relationship Between Quality of Life of Children With Cancer and Caregiving Competence of Main Family Caregivers
Authors: López León Angie , Carreño Moreno Sonia , Arias-Rojas Mauricio
Published: December 2020

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to describe the caregiver’s proxy-report of the quality of life (QoL) of children with cancer and the main family caregiver’s competence, and to examine the role of said competence and other care-related variables in their proxy-reported QoL of children with cancer.

Method:

This was a cross sectional, correlation design study conducted with 97 main family caregivers of children between the ages of 8 and 12 years with cancer residing in Colombia. The following variables were collected: main family caregiver and child sociodemographic characteristics (Survey for Dyad Care; GCPC-UN-D), The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Cancer Module, and the Competence Instrument (caregiver version).

Results:

The mean of the children’s QoL was 102.0 points, and the caregivers’ competence score was 211.24. Caregiver’s competence ( t = 5.814, p < .01), marital status ( t = 1.925, p < .05), time as a caregiver ( t = 2.087, p < .05), number of hours spent caring for the child ( t = 2.621, p < .05), and caregiver’s previous caring experiences ( t = 2.068, p < .05) were found to influence caregiver’s proxy-report of the QoL of children with cancer.

Conclusions:

High competence in main family caregivers positively influence caregiver’s proxy-report of the QoL of children with cancer. Study results also suggest that nurses should consider the caregivers’ sociodemographic characteristics such as marital status, time as a caregiver, number of hours spent caring for the child, and caregiver’s previous experiences because those aspects influence main family caregivers’ proxy-report about their children’s QoL.
Nonlinear vibration analysis of circular/annular/sector sandwich panels incorporating magnetorheological fluid operating in the post-yield region
Authors: Aboutalebi Reza , Eshaghi Mehdi , Taghvaeipour Afshin
Published: December 2020

This study offers a comprehensive analysis on the nonlinear vibratory behavior of circular, annular, and sector sandwich panels containing magnetorheological (MR) fluid as the core layer. Due to the large deformation experienced by the sandwich structures, the MR fluid operates in the post-yield region, in which the shear strain and shear stress are nonlinearly dependent. The post-yield characteristics of the MR fluid are quantified using the experimental results available in the literature. The present study also employs the experimental results presented in the literature on the dynamic characteristics of a MR based sandwich circular plate to demonstrate accuracy of the results. To identify governing equations of motion of the structures, a finite element approach based on von Karman formulations is employed. Moreover, displacement control strategy is used to solve the extracted nonlinear equations and evaluate dynamic characteristics of the MR based circular/annular/sector sandwich plates in terms of resonant frequencies and loss factors. This study highlights the effect of post-yield behavior of the MR fluid in the nonlinear vibration attenuation of MR sandwich structures, under different levels of magnetic field. Also, the effects of maximum deformation and magnetic field on the functionality of the MR fluid are comprehensively investigated.