bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional metal-polymer nanoagglomerates from single-pass aerosol self-assembly
Authors: Byeon Jeong Hoon
Published: August 2016

In this study, gold (Au)-iron (Fe) nanoagglomerates were capped by a polymer mixture (PM) consisting of poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid), protamine sulfate, and poly-l-lysine via floating self-assembly in a single-pass aerosol configuration as multibiofunctional nanoplatforms. The Au-Fe nanoagglomerates were directly injected into PM droplets (PM dissolved in dichloromethane) in a collison atomizer and subsequently heat-treated to liberate the solvent from the droplets, resulting in the formation of PM-capped Au-Fe nanoagglomerates. Measured in vitro, the cytotoxicities of the nanoagglomerates (>98.5% cell viability) showed no significant differences compared with PM particles alone (>98.8%), thus implying that the nanoagglomerates are suitable for further testing of biofunctionalities. Measurements of gene delivery performance revealed that the incorporation of the Au-Fe nanoagglomerates enhanced the gene delivery performance (3.2 × 106 RLU mg−1) of the PM particles alone (2.1 × 106 RLU mg−1), which may have been caused by the PM structural change from a spherical to a hairy structure (i.e., the change followed the agglomerated backbone). Combining the X-ray-absorbing ability of Au and the magnetic property of Fe led to magnetic resonance (MR)-computed tomography (CT) contrast ability in a phantom; and the signal intensities [which reached 64 s−1T2-relaxation in MR and 194 Hounsfield units (HUs) in CT at 6.0 mg mL−1] depended on particle concentration (0.5–6.0 mg mL−1).
Three-dimensional facial analysis of Chinese children with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate
Authors: Othman Siti Adibah , Aidil Koay Noor Airin
Published: August 2016

We analyzed the facial features of Chinese children with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and compared them with a normal control group using a three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry camera. This cross-sectional study examined 3D measurements of the facial surfaces of 20 Chinese children with repaired UCLP and 40 unaffected Chinese children aged 7 to 12 years old, which were captured using the VECTRA 3D five-pod photosystem and analyzed using Mirror software. Twenty-five variables and two ratios were compared between both groups using independent t-test. Intra- and inter-observer reliability was determined using ten randomly selected images and analyzed using intra-class correlation coefficient test (ICC). The level of significance was set at p < 0.0018. Intra- and inter-observers’ reliability was considered fair to excellent with an ICC value ranging from 0.54 to 0.99. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.0018) were found mainly in the nasolabial region. The cleft group exhibited wider alar base root width, flattened nose and broader nostril floor width on the cleft side. They tended to have shorter upper lip length and thinner upper vermillion thickness. Faces of Chinese children with repaired UCLP displayed meaningful differences when compared to the normal group especially in the nasolabial regions.
Structural basis for cytokinin production by LOG from Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Seo Hogyun , Kim Sangwoo , Sagong Hye-Young , Son Hyeoncheol Francis , Jin Kyeong Sik , Kim Il-Kwon , Kim Kyung-Jin
Published: August 2016

“Lonely guy” (LOG) has been identified as a cytokinin-producing enzyme in plants and plant-interacting fungi. The gene product ofCg2612from the soil-dwelling bacteriumCorynebacterium glutamicumwas annotated as an LDC. However, the facts thatC. glutamicumlacks an LDC andCg2612 has high amino acid similarity with LOG proteins suggest thatCg2612 is possibly an LOG protein. To investigate the function ofCg2612, we determined its crystal structure at a resolution of 2.3 Å.Cg2612 functions as a dimer and shows an overall structure similar to other known LOGs, such as LOGs fromArabidopsis thaliana(AtLOG),Claviceps purpurea(CpLOG), andMycobacterium marinum(MmLOG).Cg2612 also contains a “PGGXGTXXE” motif that contributes to the formation of an active site similar to other LOGs. Moreover, biochemical studies onCg2612 revealed that the protein has phosphoribohydrolase activity but not LDC activity. Based on these structural and biochemical studies, we propose thatCg2612 is not an LDC family enzyme, but instead belongs to the LOG family. In addition, the prenyl-binding site ofCg2612 (CgLOG) comprised residues identical to those seen inAtLOG andCpLOG, albeit dissimilar to those inMmLOG. The work provides structural and functional implications for LOG-like proteins from other microorganisms.
Altered lipid metabolism in Drosophila model of Huntington’s disease
Authors: Aditi Kumari , Shakarad Mallikarjun N. , Agrawal Namita
Published: August 2016

Huntington’s disease (HD) is late-onset, progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by expansion of polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat within Huntingtin (Htt) protein. In HD patients, energy-related manifestations such as modulation of weight during entire course of disease with energy deficit at terminal stage have been reported, however, underlying reason remains elusive till date. Lipids, carbohydrate and protein constitute a predominant fraction of body’s energy reservoir and perturbation in their homeostasis may influence weight. To discern role of these energy molecules in weight alteration, we quantified them in an in vivo transgenic Drosophila model of HD. We document that diseased flies exhibit change in weight due to an altered lipid metabolism, as evident from considerably high lipid levels at the time of disease onset followed by a pathologic decline at end-stage. An alteration in intracellular lipid droplet size suggested altered cellular lipid turnover. Furthermore, diseased flies displayed substantial changes in carbohydrate and protein content. Interestingly, alteration in weight and lipid levels are independent of the feeding pattern in diseased condition and exhibit weak correlation with insulin-like peptide or adipokinetic hormone producing cells. We propose that therapeutic intervention aimed at restoring lipid levels and associated metabolic pathways may improve longevity and quality of patient’s life.
Assessing the temporal stability of surface functional groups introduced by plasma treatments on the outer shells of carbon nanotubes
Authors: Merenda Andrea , Ligneris Elise des , Sears Kallista , Chaffraix Thomas , Magniez Kevin , Cornu David , Schütz Jürg A. , Dumée Ludovic F.
Published: August 2016

Plasma treatments are emerging as superior efficiency treatment for high surface to volume ratio materials to tune functional group densities and alter crystallinity due to their ability to interact with matter at the nanoscale. The purpose of this study is to assess for the first time the long term stability of surface functional groups introduced across the surface of carbon nanotube materials for a series of oxidative, reductive and neutral plasma treatment conditions. Both plasma duration dose matrix based exposures and time decay experiments, whereby the surface energy of the materials was evaluated periodically over a one-month period, were carried out. Although only few morphological changes across the graphitic planes of the carbon nanotubes were found under the uniform plasma treatment conditions, the time dependence of pertinent work functions, supported by Raman analysis, suggested that the density of polar groups decreased non-linearly over time prior to reaching saturation from 7 days post treatment. This work provides critical considerations on the understanding of the stability of functional groups introduced across high specific surface area nano-materials used for the design of nano-composites, adsorptive or separation systems, or sensing materials and where interfacial interactions are key to the final materials performance.
Detection of potentially toxic metals by SERS using salen complexes
Authors: Docherty Julie , Mabbott Samuel , Smith Ewen , Faulds Karen , Davidson Christine , Reglinski John , Graham Duncan
Published: August 2016

Four metal ions have been clearly discriminated using SERS by coordinating each species to salen. The spectra acquired demonstrated characteristic differences, allowing identification of each metal ion.
Colorimetric detection of catalase and catalase-positive bacteria (E. coli) using silver nanoprisms
Authors: Zhao Lili , Wiebe Julia , Zahoor Rabia , Slavkovic Sladjana , Malile Brian , Johnson Philip E. , Chen Jennifer I. L.
Published: August 2016

The sensitivity of the formation of plasmonic silver nanoprisms to hydrogen peroxide is explored for the colorimetric detection of catalase activity in bacteria.
Determination of fourteen UV filters in bathing water by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Vila Marlene , Celeiro Maria , Lamas J. Pablo , Dagnac Thierry , Llompart Maria , Garcia-Jares Carmen
Published: August 2016

A headspace SPME-GC-MS/MS method for the analysis of 14 UV filters in different types of bathing water samples has been developed.
Nickel-catalyzed C–N bond reduction of aromatic and benzylic quaternary ammonium triflates
Authors: Yi Yuan-Qiu-Qiang , Yang Wen-Cheng , Zhai Dan-Dan , Zhang Xiang-Yu , Li Shuai-Qi , Guan Bing-Tao
Published: August 2016

A nickel-catalyzed, efficient C–N bond reduction of aromatic and benzylic ammonium triflates has been developed using sodium isopropoxide as a reducing agent.
Gold-catalyzed cyclization of 1,6-diynyl dithioacetals via 1,7-carbene transfer and aromatic C–H functionalization
Authors: Xu Wei , Chen Ming , Sun Ning , Liu Yuanhong
Published: August 2016

Gold-catalyzed cyclization of 1,6-diynyl dithioacetals provides an attractive route to diverse-substituted benzo[a]fluorine derivatives via a 1,7-gold–carbene transfer reaction.
Reversible and irreversible emergence of chiroptical signals in J-aggregates of achiral 4-sulfonatophenyl substituted porphyrins: intrinsic chirality vs. chiral ordering in the solution
Authors: Arteaga Oriol , El-Hachemi Zoubir , Canillas Adolf , Crusats Joaquim , Rovira Meritxell , Ribó Josep M.
Published: August 2016

Different origins of the reversible and irreversible emergence of chiroptical signals in the title J-aggregates.
Correction: Enhanced photocatalytic activity of a self-stabilized synthetic flavin anchored on a TiO2 surface
Authors: Pandiri Manjula , Shaham-Waldmann Nurit , Hossain Mohammad S. , Foss Frank W. , Rajeshwar Krishnan , Paz Yaron
Published: August 2016

Correction for ‘Enhanced photocatalytic activity of a self-stabilized synthetic flavin anchored on a TiO2 surface’ by Manjula Pandiri et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016, 18, 18575–18583.
Boosting soot combustion efficiencies over CuO–CeO2 catalysts with a 3DOM structure
Authors: Wang Jinguo , Cheng Li , An Wei , Xu Jingli , Men Yong
Published: August 2016

A CuO–CeO2 catalyst with a well-defined 3DOM structure exhibited superior catalytic activity for soot combustion compared to its 3DOM CeO2 counterpart.
Thiazolylimines as novel ligand-systems for spin-crossover centred near room temperature
Authors: Struch N. , Wagner N. , Schnakenburg G. , Weisbarth R. , Klos S. , Beck J. , Lützen A.
Published: August 2016

A new thiazolylimine ligand system for iron(ii) complexes which stabilises spin-crossover in solution and solid states with T1/2 temperatures around room temperature has been developed.
Using iSUSTAIN™ to validate the chemical attributes of different approaches to the synthesis of tacn and bridged (bis)tacn ligands
Authors: Coghlan C. J. , Campi E. M. , Jackson W. R. , Hearn M. T. W.
Published: August 2016

Using green chemistry principles, alternative approaches for the synthesis of commercially important aza-macrocyclic tacn and (bis)tacn derivatives have been investigated to determine the step average and overall efficiency of these synthetic methods.
Turn-on fluorescent detection of melamine based on Ag nanoclusters–Hg2+ system
Authors: Du Qianqian , Qu Fei , Mao Beibei , Zhu Shuyun , You Jinmao
Published: August 2016

The blue-emissive Ag nanoclusters could be quenched by Hg2+ and recovered by melamine.
Synthesis of a novel, fluorescent, electroactive and metal ion sensitive thienylpyrrole derivate
Authors: Ayranci Rukiye , Ak Metin
Published: August 2016

A new novel, pyrene modified, thiophene–pyrrole based monomer was synthesized via a Schiff base reaction. It showed sensitive fluorescence changes when interacting with metal ions. Moreover, the electrochemical properties of its polymer were investigated.
Polymer-assisted self-assembly of gold nanoparticle monolayers and their dynamical switching
Authors: Ding Tao , Rudrum Adam W. , Herrmann Lars O. , Turek Vladimir , Baumberg Jeremy J.
Published: August 2016

Dynamic switching of plasmonic monolayers built of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is achieved using nano-coatings of poly(isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM).
Reductive conjugate addition nitro-Mannich route for the stereoselective synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalines
Authors: Anderson James C. , Campbell Ian B. , Campos Sebastien , Reid Iain H. , Rundell Christopher D. , Shannon Jonathan , Tizzard Graham J.
Published: August 2016

A reductive conjugate addition nitro-Mannich reaction controls diastereoselectivity in a rapid entry to a diverse array of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalines in high yield.
UV-visible and near-infrared active NaGdF4:Yb:Er/Ag/TiO2 nanocomposite for enhanced photocatalytic applications
Authors: Prakash Natarajan , Thangaraju Dheivasigamani , Karthikeyan Rajan , Arivanandhan Mukannan , Shimura Yosuke , Hayakawa Yasuhiro
Published: August 2016

A near infra-red (NIR) active NaGdF4:Yb:Er/Ag/TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst was successfully synthesized by a one-pot thermal decomposition method.
Citrate-functionalized hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for pH-responsive drug delivery
Authors: Verma Gunjan , Barick K. C. , Shetake Neena G. , Pandey B. N. , Hassan P. A.
Published: August 2016

Development of biocompatible citrate-functionalized hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for pH responsive delivery of doxorubicin.
Photochemical preparation of the ternary composite CdS/Au/g-C3N4with enhanced visible light photocatalytic performance and its microstructure
Authors: Peng Daluo , Wang Huihu , Yu Kun , Chang Ying , Ma Xinguo , Dong Shijie
Published: August 2016

Two structures CdS–g-C3N4and CdS@Au–g-C3N4were observed in ternary composite CdS/Au/g-C3N4, and their photocatalytic mechanisms for RhB degradation over CdS/Au/g-C3N4photocatalyst were proposed.
Oxidation and adsorption of gas-phase Hg0 over a V2O5/AC catalyst
Authors: Wang Jun-Wei , Shen Yuan-Yuan , Dong Yan-Jie , Qin Wei , Zhang Qing-Ping , Lu Lu , Zhang Yuan-Guang
Published: August 2016

V2O5/AC had a high Hg0 capture capability due to the co-effects of oxidation and adsorption and O2 enhanced Hg0 oxidation.
A heteropolyacid-based ionic liquid immobilized onto magnetic fibrous nano-silica as robust and recyclable heterogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of tetrahydrodipyrazolopyridines in water
Authors: Sadeghzadeh Seyed Mohsen
Published: August 2016

The application of a heteropolyacid containing an ionic liquid based organosilica (Fe3O4/KCC-1/IL/HPW) catalyst for the synthesis of tetrahydrodipyrazolopyridines is demonstrated.
Effects of the symmetry and carboxyl anchoring group of zinc phthalocyanine derivatives on g-C3N4 for photosensitized H2 production
Authors: Song Shuaishuai , Guo Yingying , Peng Tianyou , Zhang Jing , Li Renjie
Published: August 2016

Asymmetric Zn-di-PcNcTh-1 has better photoactivity and stability than symmetric Zn-tetrad-Pc-1 due to the Q-band redshift and stable grafting on g-C3N4.
Silicene and graphene nano materials in gas sensing mechanism
Authors: Akbari Elnaz , Buntat Zolkafle , Afroozeh Abdolkarim , Pourmand Seyed Ebrahim , Farhang Yousef , Sanati Parisa
Published: August 2016

Silicene, the Si analogue of graphene, has recently extended the short list of existing two-dimensional (2D) atomic crystals.
A facile Al(iii)-specific fluorescence probe and its application in biological systems
Authors: Lei Haiying , Diao Haipeng , Liu Wen , Xie Jun , Wang Zhijun , Feng Liheng
Published: August 2016

A facile fluorescent probe for Al(iii) was developed and applied in biological systems.
SARAF modulates TRPC1, but not TRPC6, channel function in a STIM1-independent manner
Authors: Albarrán Letizia , López José J. , Gómez Luis J. , Salido Ginés M. , Rosado Juan A.
Published: August 2016

Canonical transient receptor potential-1 (TRPC1) is an almost ubiquitously expressed channel that plays a relevant role in cell function. As other TRPC members, TRPC1 forms receptor-operated cation channels that exhibit both STIM1-dependent and store-independent behaviour. The STIM1 inhibitor SARAF (for store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE)-associated regulatory factor) modulates SOCE by interaction with the STIM1 region responsible for Orai1 activation (SOAR). Furthermore, SARAF modulates Ca2+ entry through the arachidonate-regulated Ca2+ (ARC) channels, consisting of Orai1 and Orai3 heteropentamers and plasma membrane-resident STIM1. While a role for STIM1–Orai1-mediated signals has been demonstrated, the possible role of SARAF in TRPC1 function remains unknown. Here, we provide evidence for the interaction of SARAF with TRPC1, independently of STIM1 both in STIM1-deficient NG115-401L cells and SH-SY5Y cells endogenously expressing STIM1. Silencing of SARAF expression in STIM1-deficient cells demonstrated that SARAF plays a negative regulatory role in TRPC1-mediated Ca2+ entry. The interaction of SARAF with TRPC1 in STIM1-deficient cells, as well as with the TRPC1 pool not associated with STIM1 in STIM1-expressing cells was enhanced by stimulation with the physiological agonist ATP. In contrast with TRPC1, we found that the interaction between SARAF and TRPC6 was constitutive rather than inducible by agonist stimulation. Furthermore, we found that SARAF expression silencing was without effect on Ca2+ entry evoked by agonists in TRPC6 overexpressing cells, as well as in Ca2+ influx evoked by the TRPC6 activator Hyp9. These findings provide evidence for a new regulator of TRPC1 channel function and highlight the relevance of SARAF in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis.
Compact setup for the production of 87Rb |F= 2,mF= + 2〉 Bose-Einstein condensates in a hybrid trap
Authors: Nolli Raffaele , Venturelli Michela , Marmugi Luca , Wickenbrock Arne , Renzoni Ferruccio
Published: August 2016

We present a compact experimental apparatus for Bose-Einstein condensation of 87Rb in the |F  =  2, mF = + 2〉 state. A pre-cooled atomic beam of 87Rb is obtained by using an unbalanced magneto-optical trap, allowing controlled transfer of trapped atoms from the first vacuum chamber to the science chamber. Here, atoms are transferred to a hybrid trap, as produced by overlapping a magnetic quadrupole trap with a far-detuned optical trap with crossed beam configuration, where forced radiofrequency evaporation is realized. The final evaporation leading to Bose-Einstein condensation is then performed by exponentially lowering the optical trap depth. Control and stabilization systems of the optical trap beams are discussed in detail. The setup reliably produces a pure condensate in the |F = 2, mF = + 2〉 state in 50 s, which includes 33 s loading of the science magneto-optical trap and 17 s forced evaporation.
Note: All solid-state high repetitive sub-nanosecond risetime pulse generator based on bulk gallium arsenide avalanche semiconductor switches
Authors: Hu Long , Su Jiancang , Ding Zhenjie , Hao Qingsong , Fan Yajun , Liu Chunliang
Published: August 2016

An all solid-state high repetitive sub-nanosecond risetime pulse generator featuring low-energy-triggered bulk gallium arsenide (GaAs) avalanche semiconductor switches and a step-type transmission line is presented. The step-type transmission line with two stages is charged to a potential of 5.0 kV also biasing at the switches. The bulk GaAs avalanche semiconductor switch closes within sub-nanosecond range when illuminated with approximately 87 nJ of laser energy at 905 nm in a single pulse. An asymmetric dipolar pulse with peak-to-peak amplitude of 9.6 kV and risetime of 0.65 ns is produced on a resistive load of 50 Ω. A technique that allows for repetition-rate multiplication of pulse trains experimentally demonstrated that the parallel-connected bulk GaAs avalanche semiconductor switches are triggered in sequence. The highest repetition rate is decided by recovery time of the bulk GaAs avalanche semiconductor switch, and the operating result of 100 kHz of the generator is discussed.
Providencia rettgeri septicaemia in farmed crocodiles
Authors: Benedict Suresh , Shilton Catherine M
Published: August 2016

Bacterial septicaemia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in farmed saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) in the Northern Territory. Providencia rettgeri is the most common aetiological agent. Efficacy of antibiotic treatment is dubious and there are high levels of resistance to antibiotics commonly used by farms, underlining the need for exploration of new approaches to managing the disease.
Climate adaptation and ecological restoration in eucalypts
Authors: Prober Suzanne M. , Potts Brad M. , Bailey Tanya , Byrne Margaret , Dillon Shannon , Harrison Peter A. , Hoffmann Ary A. , Jordan Rebecca , McLean Elizabeth H. , Steane Dorothy A. , Stock William D. , Vaillancourt René E.
Published: August 2016

Eucalypts are the cornerstone of ecological restoration efforts across the highly modified agricultural landscapes of southern Australia. ‘Local provenancing’ is the established strategy for sourcing germplasm for ecological restoration plantings, yet this approach gives little consideration to the persistence of these plantings under future climates. This paper provides a synopsis of recent and ongoing research that the authors are undertaking on climate adaptation in eucalypts, combining new genomic approaches with ecophysiological evidence from provenance trials. These studies explore how adaptive diversity is distributed within and among populations, whether populations are buffered against change through capacity for phenotypic plasticity, and how this informs provenancing strategies. Results to date suggest that eucalypts have some capacity to respond to future environmental instability through adaptive phenotypic plasticity or selection of putatively adaptive alleles. Despite this, growing evidence suggests that eucalypts will still be vulnerable to change. Provenancing strategies that exploit adaptations found in non-local provenances could thus confer greater climate-resilience in ecological restoration plantings, although they will also need to account for potential interactions between climate adaptations and other factors (e.g. cryptic evolutionary variation, non-climate-related adaptations, herbivory and elevated CO2).
Between Caucasus and caliphate: the splintering of the North Caucasus insurgency
Authors: Youngman Mark
Published: August 2016

In December 2014, several high-ranking field commanders from the Caucasus Emirate (Imarat Kavkaz, IK), an insurgent and designated terrorist group in Russia’s North Caucasus, pledged allegiance to the Islamic State (IS). Following the subsequent defection of many of the IK’s surviving commanders, IS consolidated its regional presence with the establishment of a formal branch, the Caucasus Wilayah (IS/CW). This paper uses Social Movement Theory’s concept of framing to interpret North Caucasus insurgent leaders’ response to the Syrian conflict and identify the differences in the competing factions’ articulated ideologies. It finds that IS/CW leaders have sought to draw on the emotional appeal of the “caliphate” and redirect it back into the local insurgency, while neglecting to articulate alternative tactics or goals. Those leaders who remained loyal to the IK, by contrast, rooted their opposition in jihadi scholarship and rejected the legitimacy of the “caliphate”. However, apparent ideological differences have been exacerbated by communication difficulties that have hindered leaders’ ability to negotiate internal and external pressures. This paper contributes to understandings of the differences between the competing factions, illustrates how groups can seek to strengthen their appeal by avoiding explicitness, and demonstrates the importance of operational context in considering ideological change.
Is the Employers’ Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act 1969 Fit for Purpose?
Authors: Barrett Brenda , Lewis David
Published: August 2016

This article explains the origin of the concept of employers’ liability in 1837 and notes the various reasons for the failure of this liability to be developed during the 19th century. It proceeds to look at the context in which the Employers’ Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act 1969 was enacted, looking at the content of the Act and considering the environment at the time of its enactment, noting the then apparent imperfections in the legislation. The account then moves fast forward to the 21st century and questions whether the Act is now fit for purpose.
Stability-based assessment of Monteggia-type injuries predicts failure of treatment
Authors: Walton Roger D.M. , Ormsby Neal M. , Brookes-Fazakerley Steven D. , Manohar Shambavi , Patel Trupesh , Wright David M. , Bass Alf A. , Bruce Colin E.
Published: August 2016

Paediatric Monteggia-type injuries are complicated by treatment failure and posterior interosseous nerve palsy, without reliable predictive indicators. Outcome is considered to be good, with little patient-reported evidence. We propose novel radiographic parameters. A total of 33 Monteggia-type injuries were analysed. Posterior interosseous nerve palsy was strongly predicted by the Radial Head Displacement Index. The presence of two or more of three novel instability markers was associated strongly with treatment failure. Patient-reported outcome measures were almost uniformly excellent. We advocate the use of a new, inclusive, stability-based classification of Monteggia-type injuries to predict patients who require accurate internal fixation.
Ab Interno Trabeculectomy With the Trabectome as a Valuable Therapeutic Option for Failed Filtering Blebs
Authors: Wecker Thomas , Neuburger Matthias , Bryniok Laura , Bruder Kathrin , Luebke Jan , Anton Alexandra , Jordan Jens F.
Published: August 2016

Purpose:

Uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) after glaucoma filtration surgery is a challenging problem in the management of glaucoma patients. The Trabectome is a device for selective electroablation of the trabecular meshwork through a clear cornea incision without affecting the conjunctiva. Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery using the Trabectome is safe and effective as primary glaucoma surgery. Here we investigate the results of ab interno trabeculectomy with the Trabectome for IOP control in patients with a failed filtering bleb.

Methods:

A total of 60 eyes of 60 consecutive patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PXG) were enrolled in this single center observational study. Trabectome surgery was performed alone or in combination with phacoemulsification by 2 experienced surgeons. IOP readings and number of IOP lowering medication as primary outcome parameters were taken by an independent examiner. Intraoperative and postoperative medication were recorded systematically.

Results:

Mean IOP before surgery was 24.5±3.5 mm Hg and decreased to 15.7±3.4 (−36%) after mean follow-up of 415 days. The number of necessary IOP lowering medication dropped from 2.1±1.3 to 1.8±1.2 (14% reduction from baseline). A total of 25% (n=15) of cases reported here needed additional surgery after 517 days (range: 6 to 1563 d). No major complications were observed. After mean follow-up, we found a qualified success rate for PXG of 87% and 50% for POAG as revealed by the Kaplan-Meier analysis according to the definitions for success in advanced glaucoma cases according to the World Glaucoma Association (40% reduction from baseline IOP and maximum IOP of 15 mm Hg).

Discussion:

Trabectome surgery for uncontrolled IOP after trabeculectomy is safe and effective especially in PXG patients. Given the demanding subgroup of patients studied here, it is not surprising that success rates are lower compared with previous studies investigating the Trabectome for primary glaucoma surgery. The number of necessary IOP lowering medication drops at first, but seems to reach preoperative values after 20 months of follow-up. Trabectome surgery should be considered as a valuable escape procedure for patients with failed filtering blebs and uncontrolled IOP.
Corneal Densitometry: A New Technique for Objective Assessment of Corneal Clarity in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome
Authors: Sekeroglu Mehmet A. , Anayol Mustafa A. , Gulec Makbule , Atalay Muhammed , Ozgul Yilmazoglu Meltem , Yilmazbas Pelin
Published: August 2016

Purpose:

To evaluate the corneal clarity quantitatively by using corneal densitometry in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES) and to compare the results with those of healthy control subjects.

Materials and Methods:

Corneal densitometry measurement of patients with bilateral PES and healthy control subjects was carried out by Scheimpflug corneal topography (PentacamHR). For densitometry analysis, the 12-mm diameter area of the cornea was subdivided into 4 concentric radial zones (0 to 2, 2 to 6, 6 to 10, 10 to 12 mm) and also into anterior, central, and posterior layers based on corneal depth. Corneal densitometry measurements were expressed in gray scale unit and only the data from the right eyes of subjects were used for statistical analysis.

Results:

A total of 176 patients [89 with PES (52 male, 37 female) and 87 healthy control subjects (52 male, 35 female)] were enrolled in the study. There was no significant difference between the mean corneal densitometry values at anterior 120 μm, central, and posterior 60 μm of the cornea in all concentric radial zones (P>0.05 for all). Corneal densitometry was positively correlated with age in both groups (r=0.558, P<0.001 in PES; r=0.584, P<0.001 in control group).

Conclusions:

Corneal densitometry that enables the objective assessment of corneal clarity was found to be similar in patients with bilateral PES and healthy control subjects. It is positively correlated with increasing age in both groups. However, microstructural changes that contribute to the corneal densitometry and the clinical relevance of these findings should be further highlighted in future studies.
Capnocytophaga canimorsus Meningitis in an Immunocompetent Woman
Authors: Delman Mark , Chalikonda Divya , Haroian Noah , Djurkovic Svetolik
Published: August 2016

Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a fastidious, capnophilic, thin gram-negative rod that may cause zoonotic infections when patients are exposed to the oral flora of dogs, and rarely, cats. It can present as cellulitis, or less commonly, meningitis, but is particularly known to cause florid sepsis in immunocompromised hosts, most commonly asplenics, those with hematologic malignancies, or alcohol abusers. We report the case of a 70-year-old immunocompetent woman who presented with altered mental status and was diagnosed with C. canimorsus meningitis.
Fear of Cancer Recurrence and Its Impacts on Quality of Life in Family Caregivers of Patients With Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Lin Ching-Rong , Chen Shu-Ching , Chang Joseph Tung-Chien , Fang Yuan-Yuan , Lai Yeur-Hur
Published: August 2016

Background:

Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a major concern for family caregivers (FCs) caring for patients with head and neck cancers (HNCs).

Purpose:

This study (a) investigated the FCR experience of HNC FCs, (b) compared the differences in the FCR levels of FCs while taking care of patients with different lengths of time since completing major treatments (posttreatment durations), and (c) examined the correlation between FCR and quality of life (QOL) in these FCs.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in the radiation outpatient department of a medical center in northern Taiwan. A set of questionnaires, including the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory-Caregiver version and the Medical Outcomes Short-Form Health Survey, and a background information form were employed. One-way analysis of variance was used to examine the differences in the FCR and QOL among groups of FCs taking care of patients with different posttreatment durations (typically concurrent chemoradiotherapy). Pearson’s correlation was used to identify the relationship between FCR and QOL.

Results:

Two hundred fifty FCs were recruited in this study. The FCs used several coping and reassurance strategies to address their FCR experiences. Those FCs who cared for patients with short posttreatment durations (3–6 and 6–12 months) showed significantly higher overall FCR levels and higher FCR severity levels than those who cared for patients with long posttreatment durations (more than 5 years). High FCR was negatively correlated with physical and mental QOL.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice:

The results suggest that FCs caring for patients with a relatively short posttreatment duration experience higher levels of FCR than those caring for patients with a longer posttreatment duration. In clinical settings, healthcare providers should use posttreatment duration as an indicator of risk of FCR in caregivers to address FCR and provide appropriate support. Future research should develop and examine interventions to help HNC FCs cope effectively with their FCR and improve their QOL.
Structural Neuroimaging Findings in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Bigler Erin D. , Abildskov Tracy J. , Goodrich-Hunsaker Naomi J. , Black Garrett , Christensen Zachary P. , Huff Trevor , Wood Dawn-Marie G. , Hesselink John R. , Wilde Elisabeth A. , Max Jeffrey E.
Published: August 2016

Common neuroimaging findings in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), including sport-related concussion (SRC), are reviewed based on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Common abnormalities radiologically identified on the day of injury, typically a computed tomographic scan, are in the form of contusions, small subarachnoid or intraparenchymal hemorrhages as well as subdural and epidural collections, edema, and skull fractures. Common follow-up neuroimaging findings with MRI include white matter hyperintensities, hypointense signal abnormalities that reflect prior hemorrhage, focal encephalomalacia, presence of atrophy and/or dilated Virchow-Robins perivascular space. The MRI findings from a large pediatric mTBI study show low frequency of positive MRI findings at 6 months postinjury. The review concludes with an examination of some of the advanced MRI-based image analysis methods that can be performed in the patient who has sustained an mTBI.
Normograms for the Extrahepatic Bile Duct Diameter in Children
Authors: Feng Albert , O'hara Sara M. , Gupta Resmi , Fei Lin , Lin Tom K.
Published: August 2016

Objective:

The normal diameter of the extrahepatic bile duct (EHD) in children has been poorly studied. Prior studies have enrolled small subject numbers, have studied only specific pediatric age groups, or have potential bias due to loosely defined exclusion criteria. We sought to establish parameters for the normal diameter of the EHD in children from birth to late adolescence, including premature infants.

Methods:

A 12½‐month institutional review board−approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act‐compliant, retrospective chart review of all transabdominal ultrasounds performed on children (younger than 18 years) was conducted at a single pediatric tertiary referral center. Exclusion criteria included a past medical history of any pancreaticobiliary or hepatology disorder. New abnormal findings related to the liver, biliary system, or pancreas were also excluded. Recorded EHD measurements from review of the radiology reports were compiled. Estimated mean and 95% prediction intervals of EHD were calculated and reported for 6 nonoverlapping pediatric age groups.

Results:

A total of 1016 ultrasounds on unique patients were included within the study. Estimated mean values and calculated 95% prediction intervals (in parentheses) for the diameter of the EHD were prematurity, 0.7 (0.3–1.7) mm; 0 to 2 months, 1.0 (0.4–2.3) mm; 3 to 11 months, 1.2 (0.5–2.9) mm; 1 to 4 years, 1.4 (0.6–3.3) mm; 5 to 12 years, 1.9 (0.8–4.3) mm; 13 to 17 years, 2.3 (1.0–5.2) mm.

Conclusions:

Our derived data of normal predicted parameters of the EHD diameter in children of all age groups will help guide clinicians in identifying those patients outside the norm that may benefit from additional testing.
Insurance Among Young Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Whitfield Emily , Adler Jeremy , Gebremariam Acham , Davis Matthew
Published: August 2016

Background:

A total of 20% to 30% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) present before age 18 years, eventually requiring transfer to adult care. Vulnerability during transfer may be exacerbated by loss of insurance. A provision of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) allows young adults (YAs) to remain on parental private insurance through age 25 years. There has been a decrease in uninsured YAs since its implementation in 2010. Little is known about whether insurance coverage of YAs with IBD has been affected.

Objective:

The aim of the present study was to determine whether the proportion of uninsured YAs with IBD has changed following the implementation of extended dependent eligibility under the ACA.

Methods:

We conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of hospitalized patients with IBD, identified in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) using diagnostic codes, to estimate proportions of insurance coverage during the years 2006–2013. We compared 19 to 25 year olds to 2 to 18 and 26 to 35 year olds, unaffected by the provision, to account for underlying trends.

Results:

From 2006 to 2010, 19 to 25 year olds had the highest proportion of uninsured, peaking at 14.1% in 2010. In 2011, the proportion decreased to 10.1%, below the proportion of uninsured 26 to 35 year olds (13.1%), remaining in this range through 2013. Private coverage increased in 2011 for 19 to 25 year olds, remaining stable for 26 to 35 year olds.

Discussion:

Previous research cited 5% uninsured among all hospitalized patients with IBD. Our study indicates a higher proportion for YAs, decreasing after the ACA. Lack of insurance increases vulnerability during transfer but may be modifiable through policy change. Furthermore, research should analyze the effects of Medicaid expansion and health care exchanges.
Stroke in Acquired and Congenital Heart Disease Patients and Its Relationship to Hospital Mortality and Lasting Neurologic Deficits
Authors: Cheng Henry H. , Rajagopal Satish , McDavitt Erica , Wigmore Daniel , Williams Kathryn , Thiagarajan Ravi , Grant P. Ellen , Danehy Amy , Rivkin Michael J.
Published: August 2016

Objective:

To describe strokes in patients with acquired or congenital heart disease and investigate risk factors for in-hospital mortality and ongoing neurologic deficits.

Design:

Single-center, retrospective review of cardiac, neurologic, and radiologic patient databases.

Setting:

Tertiary care children’s hospital.

Patients:

All patients with acquired or congenital heart disease admitted from January 2010 to October 2014 identified with stroke.

Interventions:

None.

Measurements and Main Results:

Eighty-four stroke events were identified in 83 patients (median age, 5.9 mo; interquartile range, 0.8–33.4). Thirty-two patients (38%) had single ventricle congenital heart disease. Eight patients (9%) presented with symptoms at home, and the remainder was diagnosed while already admitted to the hospital. Forty patients (48%) presented with clinically evident neurologic deficits (e.g., weakness, seizures). Fifty-eight patients (69%) had arterial ischemic strokes, and 13 (15%) had parenchymal hemorrhages. At diagnosis, 54 patients (64%) were on inotropes. Twenty-nine patients (35%) had greater than or equal to 3 cardiac procedures during their hospitalization before stroke diagnosis. In-hospital mortality occurred in 28 patients (33%). Under multivariate analysis, inotropes, number of cardiac procedures, lack of seizure, and parenchymal hemorrhage were independently associated with in-hospital mortality (p < 0.05). Fifty-four percent of survivors with neurologic follow-up had ongoing neurologic deficits attributable to strokes (median follow-up, 15.3 mo; interquartile range, 7.0–29.9). With multivariate analysis, longer hospital stay (p = 0.02) was independently associated with ongoing deficits.

Conclusions:

A majority of patients with acquired or congenital heart disease who suffer stroke present while hospitalized and without focal neurologic findings. In-hospital mortality is associated with inotropes, cardiac procedures, lack of seizure, and parenchymal hemorrhage. The majority of survivors have lasting neurologic deficits associated with longer hospital stay.
Mucinous Differentiation With Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes Is a Feature of Sporadically Methylated Endometrial Carcinomas
Authors: Sloan Emily A. , Moskaluk Christopher A. , Mills Anne M.
Published: August 2016

Defects in the DNA mismatch-repair system are identified in ∼25%–30% of endometrial carcinomas (ECs). Whereas some ECs are due to germline Lynch syndrome (LS)-associated mutations, the majority demonstrate sporadic MLH1 promoter hypermethylation (MLH1hm). MLH1hm characterizes a unique subset of colorectal cancers with a relatively poor prognosis; however, the morphology and behavior of sporadically methylated ECs (SMECs) are less well understood. We herein review the clinicopathologic features of 34 SMECs diagnosed at The University of Virginia and compare them with LS-associated and Lynch-like endometrial cancers. Most SMECs were centered in the uterine fundus (74%) and displayed Grade 1 (35%) or Grade 2 (41%) endometrioid morphology. Mucinous differentiation was present in 50%, and 65% showed tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Cases with undifferentiated components or sarcomatous differentiation were relatively rare (9%). Most SMECs presented at stage 1 or 2 (91%). When compared with LS and Lynch-like endometrial cancers, SMECs occurred ∼8 yr later and were significantly more likely to show conventional endometrioid morphology (P=0.04), mucinous differentiation (P=0.002), and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (P=0.002). These findings suggest that SMECs constitute a clinicopathologically distinct subset of mismatch-repair–deficient/high-level microsatellite instability tumors. Future studies are needed to further understand the implications of MLH1hm on the prognosis and treatment of endometrial cancer.
New genetic and morphological evidence suggests a single hoaxer created ‘Piltdown man’
Authors: De Groote Isabelle , Flink Linus Girdland , Abbas Rizwaan , Bello Silvia M. , Burgia Lucia , Buck Laura Tabitha , Dean Christopher , Freyne Alison , Higham Thomas , Jones Chris G. , Kruszynski Robert , Lister Adrian , Parfitt Simon A. , Skinner Matthew M. , Shindler Karolyn , Stringer Chris B.
Published: August 2016

In 1912, palaeontologist Arthur Smith Woodward and amateur antiquarian and solicitor Charles Dawson announced the discovery of a fossil that supposedly provided a link between apes and humans:
Eoanthropus dawsoni
(Dawson's dawn man). The publication generated huge interest from scientists and the general public. However, ‘Piltdown man's’ initial celebrity has long been overshadowed by its subsequent infamy as one of the most famous scientific frauds in history. Our re-evaluation of the Piltdown fossils using the latest scientific methods (DNA analyses, high-precision measurements, spectroscopy and virtual anthropology) shows that it is highly likely that a single orang-utan specimen and at least two human specimens were used to create the fake fossils. The
modus operandi
was found consistent throughout the assemblage (specimens are stained brown, loaded with gravel fragments and restored using filling materials), linking all specimens from the Piltdown I and Piltdown II sites to a single forger—Charles Dawson. Whether Dawson acted alone is uncertain, but his hunger for acclaim may have driven him to risk his reputation and misdirect the course of anthropology for decades. The Piltdown hoax stands as a cautionary tale to scientists not to be led by preconceived ideas, but to use scientific integrity and rigour in the face of novel discoveries.
USE OF FACEBOOK FOR ACADEMIC NETWORK LEARNING IN UNIVERSITAS TERBUKA - INDONESIA
Authors: Susilo Adhi
Published: August 2016

Facebook clearly provides a social outlet for college students, a fact backed by the large membership among this peer group. Socializing, however its unintended outcomes, is part and parcel of education of the whole person. Facebook has its place in that sense, but there seems to be a lack of any compelling reason to significantly integrate it into distance education. Students could use it as a secondary information exchange outlet in a cooperative learning mode with classmates that they have invited in their space, to complete group projects, for example. The services offered through Facebook (e.g. chatting, meeting new classmates, arranging for social/academic meetings) can well be attained using the current technologies in CMSs without the risk of security breaches and other legal matters pervasive in social networking websites. The potential use of facebook for distance learning is greatest. There was a strong feeling from distance learning students that they wanted a safe, private space to communicate. They were happy for tutors to be involved because they saw this space as having a specific course purpose. The advantage over the Virtual Learning Environment is that it seems to encourage that important social interaction as well as the course based interaction. This paper discusses distance learning education and the usage of facebook, as well as the possible implementation of facebook in distance learning education courses. The traditional way of accessing and using content from the Internet is shifting to a more collaborative environment whereby individuals, especially teenagers and young adults, are using various social networking software technologies not only to create information, but in sharing it as well. Perhaps by implementing facebook in distance education courses, it may allow instructors to get to know their students better, as well as to allow for more student-to-student interactions. This paper also discusses the usage of facebook in order to extend teacher and student collaborations in creating online learning environments.
CONDUCTING BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE PRACTICUM AT A DISTANCE AT UNIVERSITAS TERBUKA, INDONESIA
Authors: Hewindati Yuni Tri , Zuhairi Aminudin
Published: August 2016

Conducting biological science practicum at UT involves a series of activities, ranging from registration, implementation, practicum learning support, and evaluation of student learning. Some important factors to consider in conducting science practicum at a distance include location, student conditions, and availability of the needed resources. UT science practicum involves the use of resources of partner universities, so the practicum is conducted during the semester break of the partner institution. In order to be financially viable, practicum is conducted when there are a minimum of 8 participating students, otherwise students will have to meet the minimum quota of the practicum cost.