bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
President Edwards and the Sage of Highgate: Determinism, Depravity, and the Supernatural Will
Authors: Bannon Brad
Published: February 2016

Scarce attention has been given to Samuel Taylor Coleridge's engagement with the philosophical theology of Jonathan Edwards, and yet a clear understanding of each thinker's position on determinism and Original Sin is of vital importance if we are understand the lasting significance of their disagreements. There have been a number of studies to take up Coleridge's influence on the American Romantics, but there is no scholarship that has taken into account how the reception of this influence was inflected both by the legacy of Edwards and by the critical response that his theology elicited from Coleridge.
Response and Commentary
Authors: Pocock J. G. A.
Published: February 2016

Barbarism and Religion , the first half of J. G. A. Pocock’s study of Gibbon’s Decline and Fall , was designed to set Gibbon’s work in context, using a method developed in Cambridge, by juxtaposing his narrative to many others—to some but not all of which he explicitly referred. Helena Rosenblatt has misunderstood Pocock’s intent, which was to show that Gibbon’s work took much of its inspiration for its treatment of Christianity from a world of ecclesiastical scholarship. Though Pierre Force shows that Voltaire’s erudition was richer than has been thought, he and Gibbon pursued very different forms of learning. And though Pocock agrees with Jonathan Israel that many thinkers challenged traditional Christian theology, their efforts were far more varied than Israel holds. Brief studies of Jean LeClerc and Ralph call Israel’s vision of radical Enlightenment into question.
Formulating an Anarchist Sociology: Peter Kropotkin’s Reading of Herbert Spencer
Authors: Adams Matthew S.
Published: February 2016

The work of Herbert Spencer was a crucial influence on the development of Peter Kropotkin’s historical sociology. However, scholars have underestimated this relationship; either overlooking it entirely, or minimizing Kropotkin’s attachment to Spencer with the aim of maintaining the utility of his political thought in the present. This article contests these interpretations by analyzing Kropotkin’s reading of Spencer’s epistemological, biological, and political ideas. It argues that Kropotkin was engaged in a critical dialogue with Spencer, incorporating many Spencerian principles in his own system, but also using this reading to articulate a distinctive anarchist politics.
Facing Asymmetry: Nordic Intellectuals and Center–Periphery Dynamics in European Cultural Space
Authors: Nygård Stefan , Strang Johan
Published: February 2016

This article addresses the role of asymmetry in the interaction between intellectual fields in Europe in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. By focusing on the spatial and temporal hierarchies implicit in the ways intellectuals from the Nordic countries perceived and made use of marginality and backwardness, the article brings a peripheral perspective to the discussion of transnational intellectual history. This is important as the discussion on transnational history tends to stress notions like reciprocity and hybridity, which reproduce the ideal of a borderless and equal republic of letters, and paints a too harmonious picture of global cultural space.
Notices
Authors: Forkosch Prize Morris D.
Published: February 2016

Announcement of Morris D. Forkosch book prize competition and Selma V. Forkosch article prize competition. Note of Thanks for Robin Ladrach, retiring managing editor. Announcement of the inauguration of the Institute of Intellectual History, University of St Andrews.
Symposium on J. G. A. Pocock’s Barbarism and Religion : Introduction
Authors: Wolin Richard
Published: February 2016

The sixth and final volume of J. G. A. Pocock’s Barbarism and Religion appeared in 2015; Wolin designates this work an exemplar of “total history” and of “philosophical historiography,” in Momigliano’s term. The symposium to follow—comprising this introduction by Richard Wolin, essays by Helena Rosenblatt, Jonathan Israel, and Pierre Force, and a concluding response by Pocock—constitutes one of the first critical examinations of Pocock’s late work, and arises out of a conference hosted at the CUNY Graduate Center in 2010.
J. G. A. Pocock and the “Language of Enlightenment” in His Barbarism and Religion
Authors: Israel Jonathan
Published: February 2016

In Barbarism and Religion , his six-volume work on the “Enlightenments” of Edward Gibbon, J. G. A. Pocock argues for a “family of enlightenments,” disputing accounts, particularly Venturi’s and Gay’s, of it as a unified phenomenon. This article asserts, however, that Pocock’s reconfiguration of different national contexts to emphasize the diversity of strands of the Enlightenment underestimates their commonality and the degree to which they fall into the recognizable currents of radical and moderate. Ultimately, Pocock’s attention to the ecclesiastical and theological dimensions of the Enlightenment undermines rather than supports his argument for its pluralism.
Jewish Medieval Traditions concerning the Origins of the Kabbalah
Authors: Yisraeli Oded
Published: February 2016

The questions where the Kabbalah came from, how it appears, and under what circumstances, bothered the scholars of the Kabbalah, but no less the Kabbalists themselves in the Middle Ages. This article is concentrated on identifying and signifying three types of traditions in thirteenth-century Kabbalah, each of which reflects a unique stance concerning this topic. The first stance attributes the emergence of the Kabbalah to mystical revelation of Elijah to the ancestors of the first Kabbalistic circles in Provence. Another sees the Kabbalistic truths as part of the Torah of Moses and therefore as a national heritage. A third tradition, however, attributes the Kabbalah to Adam, the first person and the ancestor of mankind at whole. The article points out the self-consciousness behind each myth, the differences between them, and the hidden discourse between these traditions regarding the notion of the Kabbalah as universal wisdom and its cultural context in general.
The Abbreviated Matrimonial Process before the Bishop in Cases of “Manifest Nullity” of Marriage
Authors: Daniel William L.
Published: February 2016

The abbreviated matrimonial process before the bishop is the most novel element introduced by Pope Francis in his August 15, 2015 reform of the marriage nullity process. Among other things, it situates the diocesan or eparchial bishop in the position of judge in the trial. According to the prevailing doctrine, however, the bishop can delegate his judicial power, and that applies also to the power to judge such causes. In any case, such causes are of an inherently judicial nature inasmuch as they are directed toward the procedural discovery of the objective truth of the alleged nullity of marriage and are thus necessarily of a declarative nature. The essential presuppositions of the process are the explicit consent of both spouses and the verification of a very strong fumus boni iuris already in the libellus (called “manifest nullity” in the new law). The abbreviated process, while not providing all the hoped-for guarantees for the protection of the matrimonial bond, follows an ordered sequence in accord with the judicial patrimony of the canonical system.
Canonical Questions Regarding the Proposed Pastoral Care of the Faithful Who Are Divorced and Have Attempted Marriage
Authors: Burke Raymond Leo Cardinal
Published: February 2016

The author offers a canonical analysis of certain issues raised in the Instrumentum Laboris for the XIV Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops. The presentation is centered around certain critical canonical questions raised by the recent work of the Synod of Bishops, in particular the canonical questions regarding the proposed pastoral care of the faithful who are divorced and have attempted marriage. The author recalls a number of essential elements of marriage, comments on the proposed administrative process for the declaration of nullity of marriage, underscores the relationship between doctrine and discipline, and also adds some reflections about the proposed penitential path.
The Missio sui Iuris : To Be or Not To Be a Particular Church (c. 371 §1): Historical Development of the Missio sui Iuris in Mission Territories (1896–2002) and the Praxis of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples in Erecting Them
Authors: Joseph V. McCabe M.M.
Published: February 2016

Towards the end of the 19 th century, the then-Sacred Congregation de Propaganda Fide began erecting the Missiones sui Iuris or independent missions as an alternative viable structure in areas where the mission diocese, apostolic vicariate or apostolic prefecture could not be initiated for various reasons. Although such a structure existed in limited circumstances from the time the Congregation was founded in 1622, it was after the First Vatican Council that the structure of an independent mission became more prevalent. By the early 20 th century, the yearbooks of the Holy See, the Gerarchia Cattolica and the Annuario Pontificio , began listing independent missions initially to with the apostolic prefectures, and later as a separate category of particular church structure. An apparent anomaly is the historical reference published for decades in the Annuario Pontificio attributing this structure to the decree Excelsum of September 12, 1896. This decree from the Sacred Congregation de Propaganda Fide was addressed specifically to territories under the jurisdiction of the Oriental Churches in the Middle East, and it was never explicitly cited in any of the documentation of the general congregations of the 19 th and early 20 th centuries where independent missions were erected. The Missio sui Iuris was omitted in the 1917 Code of Canon Law , but both Benedict XV and Pius XI recognized the structure as one of four structures in mission territories. While the independent missions were omitted in the 1983 Code of Canon Law , in the 1980’s and until 2002 the structure was again employed for special missionary circumstances. Today there are eight independent missions listed in the Annuario Pontificio , and these structures continue to follow the criteria originally established for them: an ecclesial structure erected from a previous territory, with explicit boundaries, under the care of a religious community or other diocese, responding to a missionary exigency and headed by a superior nominated by the Holy See, under the aegis of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples.
Understanding the Ius Vigens of the Mandatory Dismissal Process
Authors: John Chrysostom Kozlowski Op
Published: February 2016

The Code of Canon Law contains two categories for dismissing religious from an institute: ipso facto dismissal (c. 694) and ab homine dismissal, the latter being sub-divided into the mandatory dismissal process (c. 695) and the facultative dismissal process (c. 696). Our specific focus is the mandatory dismissal process as it applies to religious institutes. Regrettably, a member of a religious institute could commit one of the offenses specified in canon 695 §1. The Supreme Legislator has determined that these offenses are so inconsistent with the member’s consecrated status that, if the process determines that the member is guilty, dismissal is required. This study, then, will provide a careful step-by-step analysis of how to instruct properly the mandatory dismissal process in accord with the legal norms found in the code and elsewhere.
An Analysis of Pope Francis’ 2015 Reform of the General Legislation Governing Causes of Nullity of Marriage
Authors: Daniel William L.
Published: February 2016

Pope Francis’ 2015 reform of the marriage nullity process is of monumental significance for the canonical system. For it not only alters some matrimonial procedural norms that have been in place for centuries, but it also touches on a matter that is of foundational importance to every human society, including and especially the Church—namely, the stability of marriage and the family. The reform, which was carried out rather quickly and with relatively minimal consultation, was based especially on the principle of the greater celerity of the process, as well as the principle of proximity between the judge and the parties and the principle of the protection of the indissolubility of marriage. However, the new norms arguably reveal, in tension with canonical tradition and the consistent teaching of the magisterium, a preference for the celerity of the process over the protection of the indissolubility of marriage. They also introduce some ambiguities about the instruction Dignitas connubii , published just 10 years ago. This reform, while effective and undoubtedly binding, gives rise to new questions in the canonical science’s ongoing reflection about the best instruments for examining the alleged nullity of marriage.
Mitis Iudex Canons 1671–1682, 1688–1691: A Commentary
Authors: Beal John P.
Published: February 2016

The apostolic letter Mitis Iudex effects a significant revision of the procedural law governing marriage nullity cases. In addition to introducing a new abbreviated process for cases where the nullity of a marriage is clear, the apostolic letter makes major modifications in the grounds for tribunal competence and in the introductory phase of the process. It eliminates the mandatory appeal of all affirmative decisions and enhances the probative weight to be attributed to the declarations of the parties and of a single witness. Perhaps most importantly, it calls for a much greater personal or “hands-on” involvement in the work of tribunals by the diocesan bishop than has hitherto been typical.
Marcabru’s “Escoutatz” Lyric (PC 293,18): Recencio and an Edition of the MS a1 Version
Authors: Taylor Mark N.
Published: February 2016

Marcabru’s lyric, “Dire vos vuoill ses doptanssa” (PC 293,18) is one of the most challenging to edit, due to the complexity of the manuscript tradition (nine manuscripts, six distinct versions, three major traditions). This article demonstrates that the version preserved in MS a1 (neglected in the standard critical edition) is worthy of detailed individual attention as the only extant version of the third tradition—especially because of its appearance in an early stage of the transmission and its curious interrelationship with the other two traditions. The detailed textual criticism and philology supports a recencio that allows the establishment of a probable stemma without determining a single archetype. La chanson de Marcabru, “Dire vos vuoill ses doptanssa” (PC 293,18) est une des plus difficiles à éditer, à cause de la complexité de la tradition manuscrite (neuf manuscrits, six versions distinctes, trois grandes traditions). Cet article montre que la version conservée dans le manuscrit a1 (négligée dans l’édition critique standard) mérite une attention individuelle détaillée puisque c’est la seule version existante de la troisième tradition—en particulier en raison de sa parution dans un stade précoce de la transmission et son interrelation curieuse avec les deux autres traditions. La critique textuelle détaillée et la philologie soutiennent une recencio qui permet la création d’un stemma probable sans déterminer une seule version de l’archétype.
Occitan Post-Medieval Literature Online
Authors: Pfeffer Wendy
Published: February 2016

A survey of online locations for post-medieval Occitan literary works, with URLs provided. Sources from before 1950 are easiest to find, for reasons of copyright. Un survol des liens disponibles pour les ouvrages littéraires occitans de l’époque moderne. Les auteurs d’avant 1950 sont plus faciles à trouver pour des raisons de droit d’auteur.
A Literatura Electrónica Não Existe (Mas Está em Todo o Lado)
Authors: Marques da Silva Ana
Published: March 2016

Recensão crítica de Sandy Baldwin, The Internet Unconscious: On the Subject of Electronic Literature. Bloomsbury Academic, 2015, 187 pp. ISBN 978-1-62892-338-4DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_4-1_13
Dos Media Computacionais para a Retórica Digital: Novas Perspectivas Teóricas em Humanidades Digitais
Authors: Di Palma Caio
Published: March 2016

Recensão crítica de Jim Ridolfo & William Hart-Davidson, Rhetoric and the Digital Humanities. Chicago, Chicago University Press, 2015, 328 pp. ISBN 978-0-226-17669-7DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_4-1_15
‘The novel as multimedia, networked book’: An Interview with Steve Tomasula
Authors: Bettencourt Sandra
Published: March 2016

Interview with Steve Tomasula.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_4-1_9
Hidrogeologia do sistema aquífero serra geral no Estado do Paraná
Authors: Athayde Gustavo Barbosa , Athayde Camila De Vasconcelos Müller
Published: February 2016

Este trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar aspectos hidrogeológicos regionais do Sistema Aquífero Serra Geral (SASG) no estado do Paraná. São descritas as características hidrodinâmicas e hidroquímicas, mediante a compartimentação hidroestrutural do aquífero. Foram analisados condicionantes exploratórios como: distância do poço ao arcabouço estrutural, análise direcional e tectônica, densidade de lineamentos e geomorfologia regional. As principais características hidroquímicas dos compartimentos estruturais são apresentadas, indicando contribuições da interação água-rocha e possíveis aportes de efluentes antrópicos no aquífero. O modelo indica que, poços situados na área de influência de lineamentos geológicos, com direção norte-sul e leste oeste, apresentam índices de produção (vazão e capacidade específica) acima da mediana.  Predominam águas bicabornatadas cálcicas, com destaque para as águas dos compartimentos Maringá e Campo Mourão. Nos compartimentos Foz do Iguaçu e Foz do Areia são descritas ocorrências de águas com maiores valores de sódio, pH, sulfato, quando comparados aos outros compartimentos. O conhecimento das características regionais do SASG, contribui na determinação de áreas potenciais à captação, reduz o risco exploratório e subsidia a gestão deste estratégico manancial subterrâneo.
Biopolítica, Narrativas Identitárias e Educação no Brasil (1900-1945)
Authors: Da Silva Mozart Linhares
Published: March 2016

O artigo problematiza as relações entre biopolítica, educação e narrativas identitárias no Brasil da primeira metade do século XX. Fazendo uso da categoria foucaultiana de biopolítica, inquire um contexto onde racismo científico, eugenia e sanitarismo são discutidos e confrontados com a problemática da miscigenação, o que implicou na construção da política de branqueamento, na “ideologia” da democracia racial, numa narrativa identitária baseada no não-racismo e na ideia de inclusão-exclusiva do negro na constituição do corpo-espécie da população. Destaca, ainda, como a educação, calcada nos princípios eugenistas, foi estratégica neste processo, sobretudo a partir dos anos 1930, quando foram definidas as bases sobre as quais as narrativas identitárias da nação foram constituídas
Da senzala à capela. Compadrio, redes sociais e algumas considerações sobre o lugar social de ‘pardos livres’ nas Minas Gerais oitocentistas
Authors: Andrade Mateus Rezende
Published: March 2016

Este artigo problematiza as estratificações sociais no passado brasileiro a partir da análise das relações de compadrio e das sociabilidades cotidianas de um domicílio chefiado por um indivíduo livre, pardo, que desenvolvia a atividade de carpinteiro na localidade em que vivia. Postula-se que as redes sociais que o envolvia naquela sociedade escravista oferecem importantes elementos para compreensão das hierarquias sociais, da mobilidade sócio-espacial e enraizamento social, além de dar subsídios para se conhecer os mecanismos de manutenção do prestígio social e do poder. Utilizou-se na pesquisa realizada, informações contidas em recenseamentos populacionais e registros paroquiais de batismo, por meio das quais, partindo de técnicas específicas da demografia histórica, conheceu-se o espaço em estudo a partir da composição populacional do mesmo. Por fim, a Análise de Redes Sociais evidenciou o posicionamento de ‘pardos livres’ e como se estruturam dentro da hierarquia social vigente.
Mechanisms of neuroprotective action of incretin mimetics
Authors: Vlasov Timur Dmitrievich , Simanenkova Anna Vladimirovna , Dora Svetlana Vladimirovna , Shlyakhto Evgeniy Vladimirovich
Published: March 2016

Recently, on the pharmacological market, new drugs from the class of incretin mimetics, or glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, which have proven their high effectiveness in type 2 diabetes mellitus therapy, have appeared. At present, much attention has been paid to the pleotropic effects of incretin mimetics. In a number of both experimental and clinical studies, cardioprotective effects of this medication group have been demonstrated. The present review elucidates existing data about neuroprotective effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists in brain ischaemia and in nonischaemic nervous system diseases such as diabetic neuropathy and neurodegenerative disorders. The possible mechanisms for these effects, which appear to be primarily antioxidant effects, anti-inflammatory effects, antiapoptotic effects and an increase in neurons differentiation, are discussed.
First Russian DPP-4 inhibitor Gosogliptin comparing to Vildagliptin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Galstyan Karina Oganesovna , Nedosugova Liudmila Viktorovna , Petunina Nina Alexandrovna , Trakhtenberg Julia Alexandrovna , Vostokova Natalia Vadimovna , Karavaeva Oksana Vladimirovna , Chasovskaya Tatiana Evgenievna
Published: March 2016

Introduction.In the early 2000s, in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment, a fundamentally new class of drugs appeared—the incretin mimetics. The use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors allowed the safety of the T2DM therapy to be increased by reducing several parameters, including hypoglycaemia incidences, risks of cardiovascular complications and weight gain. Market approval of a new Russian drug in this group will ensure modern, efficient and affordable care for our patients.Aim.To study the efficacy and safety of a new DPP-4 inhibitor (gosogliptin) in comparison with that of vildagliptin as monotherapy as well as in combination with metformin in patients with T2DM who were not previously treated with drug therapy.Materials and methods.The study SRX-1374-02 involved 299 patients. In total, 149 patients were randomised to the gosogliptin group and 150 were randomised to the vildagliptin group. The groups were comparable with respect to baseline characteristics. In the first 12-week stage, patients received treatment with one of the study drugs as monotherapy. The decision was then made whether to continue the monotherapy regimen or to add metformin during the next 24 weeks. Dose titration of the study drugs and the addition of metformin were performed on the basis of glycaemia levels. The total treatment duration was 36 weeks.Results.After 12 weeks of monotherapy, НbА1с levels significantly decreased by -0.93% and -1.03% in the gosogliptin and vildagliptin groups, respectively. After the administration of combination therapy the decrease in НbА1с continued and was -1.29% in the gosogliptin + metformin group and -1.35% in the vildagliptin + metformin group when compared with baseline values. The difference in НbА1с reduction between the groups during both treatment periods was ≤0.1% (upper level of CI 0.4%), which led to the conclusion about the superior efficacy of gosogliptin over that of vildagliptin as monotherapy and in combination with metformin. By the end of the 36-week treatment period, НbА1с reached the target level of ≤7.0% in 56.4% and 55.4% of patients in the gosogliptin and vildagliptin groups, respectively (statistically significant differences between treatment groups were not found, p = 0.74).Conclusion.The results showed that gosogliptin is an effective hypoglycaemic agent from the group of DPP-4 inhibitors and can be recommended for use in patients with T2DM both as monotherapy and in combination with metformin.
Telomere length, telomerase activity and mechanisms change in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Brailova Natalia Vasil'evna , Dudinskaya Ekaterina Nail'evna , Tkacheva Olga Nikolaevna , Shestakova Marina Vladimirovna , Strazhesko Irina Dmitrievna , Akasheva Dariga Uaydinichna , Plochova Ekaterina Vladimirovna , Pykhtina Valentina Sergeevna , Vygodin Vladimir Anatol'evich , Boytsov Sergei Anatol'evich
Published: March 2016

Aim.To study the association of chronic inflammation, oxidative stress with telomere biology in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Material and Methods.A total 50 patients with T2D and without cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 139 people from control group were included in the study. All subjects were measured for carbohydrate metabolism; oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA)); inflammation (C-reactive protein — CRP, fibrinogen, interleukin-6); lymphocyte telomere length, telomerase activity.Results.In diabetic patients telomeres were shorter than in controls (9.59±0.54 and 9.76±0.47; p=0.031), telomerase activity was lower (0.47±0.40 and 0.62±0.36; p=0.039), inflammation (CRP, elevated fibrinogen) was higher. All patients were divided by telomere length. In T2DM group CRP was higher in patients with «short» telomeres (7.39±1.47 and 3.59±0.58 mg/L; p=0.02). There were no significant differences in the level of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in ‘long’ telomeres group: CRP 3.59±0.58 and 3.66±0.50 mg/L (p=0.93), MDA 2.81±0.78 and 3.24±0.78 mmol/l (p=0.08). Diabetic patients in «short» telomeres group had greater chronic inflammation: CRP 7.39±1.47 and 4.03±0.62 mg/L (p=0.046), increased fibrinogen, 0.371 and 0.159 (p=0.022). All patients were divided by telomerase activity. Severity of chronic inflammation was greatest in T2DM and the «low» activity of telomerase. There were relationship between telomere length and CRP in T2DM patients (r=–0.40; p=0.004).Conclusions. Chronic inflammation and cell aging were more pronounced in patients with T2DM. However, despite diabetes, signs of chronic inflammation were minimal in patients with «long» telomeres compared to healthy people. Perhaps long telomeres protect diabetic patients from the damaging effect of chronic inflammation.
The first clinical presentation of disorders of sex development 46 XY due to mutation in Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) in Russian Literature
Authors: Kalinchenko Natalia Yur'evna , Anosova Tatiana Aleksandrovna , Ioutsi Vitaliy Alekseevich , Tiulpakov Anatoly Nikolaevich
Published: March 2016

Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1/AdBP4/FTZF1, NR5A1) is a nuclear receptor transcription factor that plays a critical role in different processes of sex development. Homozygous mutations in SF1 result in adrenal failure and complete testicular disgenesis in 46,XY individuals. According to recent studies heterozygous mutations in SF1 are associated with milder phenotype: they are found in children with 46,XY disorders of sex development (DSD) but with apparently normal adrenal structure and function. Here we present for the first time in Russian literature a case of SF1 deficiency. Molecular genetic analysis of NR5A1 gene revealed a novel heterozygous mutation c.951delC p.H317QfsX17. This clinical case demonstrates the importance of molecular genetic studies in DSD 46,XY, especially severe forms.
Regional Patterns of Fish and Wildlife Harvests in Contemporary Alaska
Authors: Fall James A.
Published: March 2016

Subsistence harvests of fish and wildlife play a vital role in the economies and ways of life of rural Alaska communities. State and federal laws establish a priority for subsistence over other fishing and hunting. These laws recognize that the economic, cultural, and social role of subsistence fishing and hunting is not uniform across Alaska: federal law limits eligibility to rural residents, and state law, while allowing all state residents to participate, requires the identification of nonsubsistence areas where subsistence fishing and hunting are not permitted. But defining “rural Alaska” and “nonsubsistence areas” sparked decades of political debate and litigation. A review of nonsubsistence areas by the Alaska Joint Board of Fisheries and Game in 2013 resulted in updated estimates of noncommercial fish and wildlife harvests. Comprehensive data from systematic household surveys in 198 rural communities provided a basis for estimating harvest levels and trends at census-area and statewide levels and crucial input to board deliberations. In 2012, rural Alaska harvests averaged 134 kg/person, while urban Alaska harvests averaged 10 kg/person. The statewide rural harvest was 26% below an estimate for the 1980s, but changes varied by region. Throughout the Arctic and Subarctic, factors shaping subsistence harvests include development, the rising costs of living, shifting resource populations, regulations, climate change, and cultural change. Understanding the vulnerability and adaptability of northern communities requires monitoring of subsistence harvests through annual programs and periodic comprehensive community studies.
Testing and Social Studies in Capitalist Schooling
Authors: Cole-Malott Donna-Marie , Malott Curry
Published: March 2016

In a New York Times editorial on August 15, 2015, the editors, following the NAACP, cautioned that the movement for students to opt out of high-stakes standardized exams was detrimental to minority students and their communities. The rigorous accountability measures of high-stakes exams, it was claimed, compelled teachers and schools to do a better job educating traditionally oppressed students.… Such views ignore the history of high-stakes testing, which has served to perpetuate class inequality and advance white supremacy since intelligence testing was developed during the First World War. More than anything else, standardized testing measures students' access to resources and proximity to dominant cultures, rather than innate ability or quality of teaching. The accountability movement has successfully exploited the existing inequalities of a white-supremacist, capitalist society to argue that high-stakes testing, one of its primary tools, is helping to overcome those same inequalities.

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Modeling of Heterogeneous Objects: An Approach Based on Implicit Functions
Authors: Gómez-Mora Miller , Flórez-Valencia Leonardo
Published: March 2016

El modelado de objetos, sus propiedades y relaciones es un tema importante en las ciencias de la computación y la informática. En ese sentido, esta investigación busca contribuir al modelado de objetos sólidos heterogéneos, así como al complejo estudio de la representación implícita de objetos sólidos. El enfoque que aquí se presenta es amplio y genérico, pero este artículo se centra en modelos bio-CAD, aludiendo su extensión y aplicación a otros campos. El objetivo general de este trabajo es demostrar que los modelos geométricos de objetos heterogéneos se pueden representar de forma implícita. Esto promete tener gran variedad de aplicaciones prácticas desde la computación biomédica hasta la animación por computador y la ingeniería aplicada. El enfoque adoptado aquí se basa en la observación de que los modelos sólidos actuales no pueden representar intrínsecamente información geométrica multifase junto con la información de los atributos. Esto hace necesario explorar nuevas técnicas de modelado para representar objetos del mundo real. La disponibilidad de este tipo de modelos es fundamental para el diseño, análisis y fabricación de objetos heterogéneos.
Entfremdung in der Arbeit / Alienation at work
Authors: Henning Christoph
Published: March 2016

Durch die Verdichtung der Arbeit in den letzten Jahrzehnten haben Klagen über Entfremdungsphänomene wieder zugenommen. Aber was ist Entfremdung? Ausgehend von Beobachtungen des Wandels der Arbeitswelt reformuliert dieser Beitrag die Marx‘sche Theorie der Entfremdung auf eine Weise, die sie für arbeitssoziologische Forschungen und Praxis wieder anschlussfähig macht. Im Vordergrund stehen dabei vier qualitative Dimensionen der Beschreibung von Entfremdung sowie vier Faktoren, die die Entstehung von Entfremdungserfahrungen erklären könnten.
The Za constructions: Middle-like constructions in Boro
Authors: Boro Krishna
Published: March 2016

This paper investigates a set of five related constructions in Boro, called middle-like constructions, following Kemmer’s (1993) semantic analytical framework of the middle voice. The paper presents a detailed analysis of these constructions, which include Spontaneous event constructions, Reciprocal and Collective constructions, Facilitative constructions, Reflexive-causative constructions, and Adversative constructions. These constructions share striking structural and functional features, including a morpheme za ‘become, happen, take place’, which is a verb in origin. The morpheme za ‘become, happen, take place’ can be characterized as a ‘middle marker’, which is used as a simple predicator in Spontaneous event constructions and as a serial verb in the other constructions. Functionally, these constructions express events in which there are either no construed agents or the agents are non-topical. Following Kemmer’s semantic map approach, the event types are mapped onto the semantic transitivity continuum. What is notable in the semantic map of the Za constructions is that the area covered by Za constructions is not contiguous, which we would expect following principles like the Semantic Map Connectivity Hypothesis (Croft 2001: 96) and Semantic Map Continuity (Boye 2010).
Crystal structure of 4,4′-bipyridin-1-ium 3,3′,5′-tricarboxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-carboxylate, (C26H18N2O8)
Authors: Yao Li-Ping , Zhao Yan
Published: March 2016

C26H18N2O8, triclinic, P1̅ (No. 2), a = 10.101(5) Å, b = 10.589(6) Å, c = 10.705(6) Å, α = 93.183(8)°, β = 108.614(8)°, γ = 97.323(8)°, V = 1070.5(10) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0399, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1027, T = 296(2) K.
Water inside carbon nanotubes: structure and dynamics
Authors: Hassan Jamal , Diamantopoulos Georgios , Homouz Dirar , Papavassiliou Georgios
Published: March 2016

Studying the properties of water confined in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have gained a lot of interest in recent years due to the vast potential applications of systems in nanoscale liquid transport as well as biology functions. This article presents a comprehensive review of recent experimental and theoretical results using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Different NMR methods including
BANSAI - An optofluidic approach for biomedical analysis
Authors: Knoerzer Markus , Prokop Christoph , Rodrigues Ribeiro Graciete M. , Mayer Horst , Brümmer Jens , Mitchell Arnan , Rabus Dominik G. , Karnutsch Christian
Published: March 2016

Lab-on-a-chip based portable blood analysis systems would allow point-of-care measurements, e.g. in an ambulance, or in remote areas with no fast access to medical care. Such a systemwould provide much faster information about the health of a patient. Here,we present a system that is based on absorption spectroscopy and uses an organic laser, which is tunable in the visible range. The feasibility of the system is shown with a table-top setup using laboratory equipment. Measurements of human albumin show linear behaviour in a range from 2.5 g/L to 60 g/L. In a consecutive setup the system is implemented on a microfluidic chip and is capable of measuring simultaneously transmitted and side scattered intensities, even with ambient light present. Air-suspended grating couplers on polymers are shown as the first element of a lab-on-a-chip implementation.
Multi-soliton rational solutions for some nonlinear evolution equations
Authors: Osman Mohamed S.
Published: March 2016

The Korteweg-de Vries equation (KdV) and the (2+ 1)-dimensional Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov system (NNV) are presented. Multi-soliton rational solutions of these equations are obtained via the generalized unified method. The analysis emphasizes the power of this method and its capability of handling completely (or partially) integrable equations. Compared with Hirota’s method and the inverse scattering method, the proposed method gives more general exact multi-wave solutions without much additional effort. The results show that, by virtue of symbolic computation, the generalized unified method may provide us with a straightforward and effective mathematical tool for seeking multi-soliton rational solutions for solving many nonlinear evolution equations arising in different branches of sciences.
Molecular mechanism linking BDNF/TrkB signaling with the NMDA receptor in memory: the role of Girdin in the CNS
Authors: Itoh Norimichi , Enomoto Atsushi , Nagai Taku , Takahashi Masahide , Yamada Kiyofumi
Published: March 2016

It is well known that synaptic plasticity is the cellular mechanism underlying learning and memory. Activity-dependent synaptic changes in electrical properties and morphology, including synaptogenesis, lead to alterations of synaptic strength, which is associated with long-term potentiation (LTP). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) signaling is involved in learning and memory formation by regulating synaptic plasticity. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt pathway is one of the key signaling cascades downstream BDNF/TrkB and is believed to modulateN-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated synaptic plasticity. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the connection between these two key players in synaptic plasticity remains largely unknown. Girders of actin filament (Girdin), an Akt substrate that directly binds to actin filaments, has been shown to play a role in neuronal migration and neuronal development. Recently, we identified Girdin as a key molecule involved in regulating long-term memory. It was demonstrated that phosphorylation of Girdin by Akt contributed to the maintenance of LTP by linking the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway with NMDA receptor activity. These findings indicate that Girdin plays a pivotal role in a variety of processes in the CNS. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding about the roles of Girdin in the CNS and focus particularly on neuronal migration and memory.
Global analysis of a deterministic and stochastic nonlinear SIRS epidemic model with saturated incidence rate
Authors: N'zi Modeste , Kanga Gérard
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we present an SIRS (Susceptible, Infective, Recovered, Susceptible) epidemic model with a saturated incidence rate and disease causing death in a population of varying size. We define a parameter ℜ0
* from which a study of stability is made. In the deterministic case, we discuss the existence of an endemic equilibria and prove the global stability of the disease-free equilibrium. By introducing a perturbation in the contact rate through a white noise, we consider a stochastic version. We prove the existence of a global positive solution which lives in a certain domain. Thereafter, we prove the global stability nth moment of the system as soon as the intensity of the white noise is below a certain threshold.
Finally, we perform some numerical simulations to compare the dynamic behaviors of the deterministic system and the stochastic system.
House prices and monetary policy
Authors: Brito Paulo , Marini Giancarlo , Piergallini Alessandro
Published: March 2016

This paper analyzes global dynamics in an overlapping generations general equilibrium model with housing-wealth effects. It demonstrates that monetary policy cannot burst rational bubbles in the housing market. Under monetary policy rules of the Taylor-type, there exist global self-fulfilling paths of house prices along a heteroclinic orbit connecting multiple equilibria. From bifurcation analysis, the orbit features a boom (bust) in house prices when monetary policy is more (less) active. The paper also proves that booms or busts cannot be ruled out by interest-rate feedback rules responding to both inflation and house prices.
Works of Wisdom (Matt 9,9–17; 11,16–19)
Authors: Wilson Walter T.
Published: March 2016

Matthäus’ Fassung des Weisheitslogions in 11,19 veranlasst den Leser zum einen dazu, Jesu Essen und Trinken als „Werke“ der Weisheit (vgl. 11,2) zu deuten, und ruft zum anderen die Szene in 9,9–17 in Erinnerung, die Jesus bei einer der in 11,19 angesprochenen Mahlzeiten zeigt. Ein Vergleich mit Texten aus Prov, Sir, mit Werken Philos, Qumran-Schriften und rabbinischen Midraschim legt nahe, dass der Evangelist Elemente des so genannten Motivs des Mahls der Weisheit aufnimmt und damit zur Entwicklung seiner impliziten Weisheitschristologie beiträgt (vgl. Mt 11,25–30; 23,34–39). Ferner wird gezeigt, dass dieser Befund Implikationen für die Interpretation der Mahlszenen im Evangelium und für die Deutung des Hauses durch den Evangelisten als sozialen und symbolischen Ort hat.
Being found fighting against God: Luke’s Gamaliel and Josephus on human responses to divine providence
Authors: Crabbe Kylie
Published: March 2016

Der Artikel widmet sich zwei Passagen, in denen Figuren der Erzählung, Josephus in Bell. 5,362–419 und Gamaliel in Apg 5,12–42, davor warnen, gegen Gott zu kämpfen, und untersucht, was diese Texte über das Verständnis von göttlichem und menschlichem Handeln in der Geschichte aussagen. Im Falle von Josephus handelt es sich um eine dem Autor selbst zugeschriebene Rede, deren rhetorischer Kontext knapper behandelt werden kann, während die Deutung der Aussage Gamaliels umstrittener ist. Der Artikel weist auf, dass die Verwendung des Mittels der Ironie zu erkennen gibt, dass der implizite Autor zwar Gamaliels Sicht über die Vorsehung Gottes teilt, zugleich aber Gamaliels Antwort als unangemessen erachtet. Sowohl Bell. als auch Apg bekräftigen, dass es sich bei der göttlichen Vorsehung um eine unaufhaltbare Kraft handelt; sie berücksichtigen andererseits aber auch menschliches Handeln. Bezeichnenderweise hat die menschliche Wahl, sich auf die göttliche Vorsehung auszurichten oder sich ihr entgegenzustellen, bei beiden Autoren eschatologische Konsequenzen.
Überlegungen zur Grammatik von Joh 8,25 im Lichte der handschriftlichen Überlieferung
Authors: Förster Hans
Published: March 2016

Parts of John 8,25 – the words of Jesus – present serious problems for interpretation. They seem to be an incomplete sentence. Therefore, their meaning is elusive and it is uncertain how to translate them. These problems can be solved if close attention is paid to the evidence of Biblical manusc ripts for this very passage. If these manuscripts are used for constructing the text, there is no incomplete sentence at all. John 8,25 becomes a crucial part of the discussion between Jesus and his Jewish opponents in chapter 8 of the Gospel of John.
The Strange Case of Δικαιόω in the Septuagint and Paul: The Oddity and Origins of Paul’s Talk of “Justification”
Authors: Prothro James B.
Published: March 2016

Der Aufsatz fragt nach der paulinischen Verwendung des Wortes δικαιόω und ihrer Ähnlichkeit bzw. Unähnlichkeit zum Gebrauch bei den römischen Zeitgenossen des Paulus. Bei Paulus tritt δικαιόω immer mit persönlichem Akkusativobjekt (oder passiv mit persönlichem Subjekt) auf, und „rechtfertigen“ bedeutet immer etwas Gutes für den Gerechtfertigten („gerecht sprechen“, „freisprechen“, o. ä.). Diese Bedeutung von δικαιόω begegnet auch in der Septuaginta und in einigen frühjüdischen Belegen. In den profanen Schriften bedeutet δικαιόω jedoch etwas, das zu Ungunsten der gerechtfertigten Menschen geschieht („strafen“, „verurteilen“). Diese Unstimmigkeit wird in der Paulusforschung bei der Frage nach dem Ursprung der Rechtfertigungslehre oft nicht hinreichend beachtet. Warum sollte der Heidenapostel gegenüber ehemaligen „Heiden“ von Gott als „Rechtfertiger“ gesprochen haben? Vor dem Hintergrund dieser sprachlichen Unstimmigkeit wird die Frage nach den Impulsen aus dem Griechisch sprechenden Judentum und Urchristentum erörtert, die Paulus in seinen Rechtfertigungsaussagen bestimmt haben.
Who’s My Doctor? Using an Electronic Tool to Improve Team Member Identification on an Inpatient Pediatrics Team
Authors: Singh Amit , Rhee Kyung E. , Brennan Jesse J. , Kuelbs Cynthia , El-Kareh Robert , Fisher Erin S.
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVES:

Increase parent/caregiver ability to correctly identify the attending in charge and define terminology of treatment team members (TTMs). We hypothesized that correct TTM identification would increase with use of an electronic communication tool. Secondary aims included assessing subjects’ satisfaction with and trust of TTM and interest in computer activities during hospitalization.

METHODS:

Two similar groups of parents/legal guardians/primary caregivers of children admitted to the Pediatric Hospital Medicine teaching service with an unplanned first admission were surveyed before (Phase 1) and after (Phase 2) implementation of a novel electronic medical record (EMR)-based tool with names, photos, and definitions of TTMs. Physicians were also surveyed only during Phase 1. Surveys assessed TTM identification, satisfaction, trust, and computer use.

RESULTS:

More subjects in Phase 2 correctly identified attending physicians by name (71% vs. 28%, P < .001) and correctly defined terms intern, resident, and attending (P ≤ .03) compared with Phase 1. Almost all subjects (>79%) and TTMs (>87%) reported that subjects’ ability to identify TTMs moderately or strongly impacted satisfaction and trust. The majority of subjects expressed interest in using computers to understand TTMs in each phase.

CONCLUSIONS:

Subjects’ ability to correctly identify attending physicians and define TTMs was significantly greater for those who used our tool. In our study, subjects reported that TTM identification impacted aspects of the TTM relationship, yet few could correctly identify TTMs before tool use. This pilot study showed early success in engaging subjects with the EMR in the hospital and suggests that families would engage in computer-based activities in this setting.
International Perspectives: Clinical Kernicterus in Preterm Infants in Japan
Authors: Morioka Ichiro , Nakamura Hajime , Iwatani Sota , Wong Ronald J. , Iijima Kazumoto
Published: March 2016

In recent years, clinical kernicterus has been diagnosed in preterm infants on the basis of motor (kinetic) disorders such as choreoathetosis and dystonia, impairment in auditory neuropathy-type hearing, and abnormal pallidal signals on head magnetic resonance imaging. In Japan, it is currently estimated that at least 8 to 9 cases of kernicterus (approximately 2 per 1,000 cases) occur annually in preterm infants of less than 30 weeks’ gestation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to revise our jaundice management approach in preterm infants. Two major characteristics of Japanese preterm infants who develop clinical kernicterus are: (1) a peak total serum/plasma bilirubin (TB) level at 2 weeks of age or later; and (2) no markedly high total bilirubinemia. Some patients without high TB levels have high levels of unbound serum/plasma bilirubin (UB). Consequently, we propose that in Japanese preterm infants, continuous monitoring of bilirubin (using transcutaneous bilirubinometry or direct TB measurements) and/or binding status (UB levels or bilirubin-binding capacity) may be necessary.