bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La evaluación de las competencias
Authors: Villa Saavedra Anabela ,   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Caballero Caballero Jackeline ,   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Gómez Díaz Martha Patricia ,   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Guerrero García Avigdor Roberto ,   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Tejada Rivera Nidia María ,   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Rivera Rico Juan Esteban ,   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Zapata Gil Lina Marcela ,   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Betancur Caro Beatriz Eugenia ,   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Moreno Rojas Andrés Gustavo ,   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Published: December 2021

El principal objetivo de este libro analizar la evaluación como un proceso fundamental para asegurar una formación de calidad basada en competencias. Los tres trabajos que componen este tercer tomo dan cuenta de todo lo anterior. El capítulo “Estrategia de evaluación de competencias: prácticas contextualizadas y el modelo educativo crítico a través de una metodología participativa” tiene como objetivo analizar, desde el enfoque de competencias en la Universidad, las formas de evaluación que emplean los profesores con sus estudiantes y cómo, a su vez, estos identifican y comprenden dichas prácticas para, finalmente, proponer estrategias de mejoramiento que apliquen al modelo educativo adoptado por la Universidad. La segunda investigación, titulada “La evaluación de competencias: sistematización de una experiencia innovadora en la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia”, tiene como objetivo sistematizar la manera en que se hace el diseño y aplicación de pruebas para la evaluación de competencias genéricas y transversales, con el fin de optimizar los procesos de evaluación al interior de la institución. Para finalizar, la investigación denominada “La evaluación por competencias del desempeño docente como estrategia de mejora continua”, buscar identificar cuáles son los criterios diferenciados dentro el Modelo Educativo para la evaluación del profesor, de manera que se pueda proponer una rubrica que permite desarrollar este proceso en todas sus dimensiones.
Tarihi Hanlarda Yeni İşlev: Deveci Han ve Taşhan, Tokat
Authors: AKIN Emine Saka , DEMİROĞLU İZGİ Begüm
Published: December 2021

Son yıllarda yapısal, doğal-kültürel nitelikleri ile bulundukları kentlere kimlik kazandırarak günümüze gelebilen tarihi yapıların yeni işlev verilerek kullanılması, koruma çalışmalarında gündemde olan bir yöntemdir. Yeni işlev verilerek kullanma yöntemi, tarihi yapılara mekânsal ve kentsel ölçekte müdahalelere yol açtığından bu müdahalelerin en aza indirilmesi önem kazanmaktadır. Bu nedenle çevresel, sosyal (toplumsal) ve ekonomik sürdürülebilirlik bileşenlerinin çok iyi organizasyonu yapılarak yeni işlev kararlarının verilmesi gerekmektedir. Yeni işlev kararlarının önemi ve bu kararların verilme süreçlerinin tartışıldığı bu çalışmada Tokat Kent merkezinde bulunan aynı işlevle inşa edilmiş ancak farklı işlevlerle restorasyonu yapılmış Osmanlı Dönemine ait iki han örnek seçilmiştir. Seçilen örneklerin yeni işlev kararlarının bilimsel analizler yapılmadan üst yönetici görüşü ile verildiği Taşhan ticaret, Deveci Han ise eğitim yapısı olarak restorasyon geçirmiştir. Şehir içi hanlarına örnek olan bu hanlar dışında kentte bulunan dört handan ikisinin harap olması, diğerlerinin de restorasyonlarının devam etmesi nedeniyle kapsam dışı bırakılmıştır. Seçilen örnekler hakkında literatür çalışması ile bilgiler edinilmiş ve görüşmelerle desteklenerek farklı kullanımları ile ilgili eksik olan bilgiler tamamlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Daha sonra yapıların yeni işlevlerinin değerlendirilmesi için mekânsal ve kentsel analizler yapılmıştır. Mekânsal analizler yapının mimari bütünlüğüne uygunluğu, yeni işlevin mekânsal, fiziksel konfor şartlarını karşılayabilme yeteneği ve erişilebilirlik kriterleri ile, kentsel analizler ise yapının kentsel ölçekteki yeri ve yapı-çevre kullanıcılarının memnuniyetine yönelik anketlerle değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda Taşhan’a verilen işlevin yapı ve çevresine uygun olduğu, Deveci Han’a ise uygun olmadığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma ile tarihi yapı ve çevrelerin tesadüfi değil, sürdürülebilirlik kriterleri bağlamında korunmasını sağlamak için verilecek yeni işlev kararlarının önemi ortaya konulmuş ve bu kararların verilmesinde yapılacak mekânsal ve kentsel araştırmalara yönelik yöntem geliştirilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Contrast implementation affects phonetic variability: A case study of Hindi and English stops
Authors: Hauser Ivy
Published: December 2021

There is a large body of work in phonetics and phonology demonstrating sources and structure of acoustic variability, showing that variability in speech production is not random. This paper examines the question of how variability itself varies across languages and speakers, arguing that differences in extent of variability are also systematic. A classic hypothesis from Dispersion Theory (Lindblom, 1986) posits a relationship between extent of variability and phoneme inventory size, but this has been shown to be inadequate for predicting differences in phonetic variability. I propose an alternative hypothesis, Contrast-Dependent Variation, which considers cue weight of individual phonetic dimensions rather than size of phonemic inventories. This is applied to a case study of Hindi and American English stops and correctly predicts more variability in English stop closure voicing relative to Hindi, but similar amounts of lag time variability in both languages. In addition to these group-level between- language differences, the results demonstrate how patterns of individual speaker differences are language-specific and conditioned by differences in phonological contrast implementation.
'Something entirely new': A Critical History of An Béal Bocht, 1941–75
Authors: Harris Tobias
Published: December 2021

This article reconstructs an early reception of Brian Ó Nualláin’s An Béal Bocht (1941) in which the novel was hailed as a breakthrough work that advanced the Irish-language prose tradition and promised to win new readers of Irish. The story of how this initial enthusiasm hardened into a critical diminishment of Ó Nualláin’s achievement as an obscure parody involves the author’s own efforts to associate the novel with Tomás Ó Criomhthain’s An tOileánach, the dampening of the optimism which surrounded the Irish language in the 1940s, and the impact of Patrick C. Power’s translation, The Poor Mouth, on how An Béal Bocht was understood. By charting the evolution of An Béal Bocht’s reception history, this article furthers contemporary scholarship on the promise Ó Nualláin’s novel still holds for Irish-language prose.
WOMEN’S RIGHTS IN THE CONTEXT OF UNIVERSAL, REGIONAL AND NATIONAL (RUSSIAN) STANDARDS AND MECHANISMS OF HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION
Authors:   National Research University ‘ Higher School of Economics’ – Perm Branch, Bryukhina E. R , Tretyakova E. S. ,   National Research University ‘ Higher School of Economics’ – Perm Branch
Published: December 2021

Introduction: the article deals with women's rights in the context of universal, regional, and national standards of human rights. We discuss the concept and significance of human rights standards for the modern world, society and individual states; highlight their universal character both in terms of the parties involved and the territory they cover; perform the analysis of universal and regional human rights standards, including in terms of their correlation with the respective systems. The main focus of the paper is on the rights of women as a vulnerable category of persons at law, legal formalization and legal framework of these rights, typical violations and protection both at the level of national jurisdiction and in the main international mechanisms of rights protection. Purpose: to research women's rights in the context of universal, regional and national (Russian) standards and mechanisms of human rights protection. Methods: general scientific methods, special scientific methods, methods of legal science – formal legal, comparative legal methods. Results: we have studied the system of international (universal and regional) human rights standards, defined their characteristics, determined their significance. The paper describes the system of the women's rights legal formalization in the context of international standards, examines the problems connected with the enjoyment, securing and protection of these rights through the main mechanisms of human rights protection at various levels; analyzes the practice of the protection mechanisms application by the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, the European Court of Human Rights, Russian courts. Conclusions: the main problems that accompany the exercise of women's rights are the use of violence and discrimination in labor relations. These issues demand special attention both at the level of the international community and in national legal systems, including that of Russia.
A PROPOSAL ON REFORMATION OF THE ELECTION SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Perm State University, Khudoley D. M , Khudoley K. M. ,   Perm State University
Published: December 2021

Introduction: the article analyzes the extent to which electoral systems meet different (mathematical and judicial) evaluation criteria. Purpose: to identify the fairest algorithm for mandate distribution when electing deputies and officials. Methods: apart from general scientific methods, we extensively used special scientific methods including comparative legal and systematic ones. Results: we have defined the range of mathematical criteria (the absolute majority rule, the Condorcet paradox, the principle of proportional representation of the parties, etc.) and legal criteria (the provisions of the principles of equal, free, and fair election). Preferential voting systems have been found to meet mathematical and judicial criteria most of all. A number of preferential voting systems meet the Condorcet paradox and ensure proportional representation of the parties. During such an election, free and equal participation of independent and party candidates is ensured. Many other systems of majoritarian, proportional, and mixed types do not meet the abovementioned criteria. Unfortunately, in particular cases the Condorcet paradox does not allow determining the candidate to be elected. Consequently, we suggest combining the algorithms developed by Tideman, Kemeny, Young, and Schulze in order to find the ‘strongest path’, or the most reliable way of determining the candidates’ positions in the election. Conclusions: the preferential voting system developed by us is universal and can be used while electing both officers (the president, the governor) and deputies. If it was implemented, electoral legislation would be standardized, as well as the operation of election committees. Such a unification would allow improving the level of citizens' electoral rights protection.
PROTECTION AGAINST VIOLENCE AND HARASSMENT IN THE WORLD OF WORK: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR RUSSIA AND KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Ural State Law University, Golovina S. Yu. , Sychenko E. V. ,   Saint Petersburg State University, Voitkovska I. V. ,   Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSLA)
Published: December 2021

Introduction: the article deals with the problem of violence in the workplace or in another place where the employee performs their labor duties. Statistics show that a significant number of people suffer from violence at work in both Russia and Kazakhstan. The problem of sexual harassment, if considered as a narrower part of the phenomenon of violence in the world of work, is becoming ‘visible’ in the countries of the post-Soviet space, especially in connection with the numerous statements of women who have reported harassment at work. The purpose of our study is to find legal solutions for those who have been subjected to violence and harassment at work since the greatest difficulties for them are: fear of stigmatization, the difficulty of recognizing violence and harassment on the part of colleagues and managers as ‘inappropriate’ behavior, the choice of the form of behavior for both the victim and the employer in a situation where violence has occurred, as well as the process of proving the fact of psychological or physical violence in conjunction with the necessity to expose the specified facts of private life for general discussion. Methods: empirical methods of comparison, description; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic; special scientific methods such as the comparative legal method and the method of interpretation of legal norms. Results: we have shown that the legislation and practice of Russia and Kazakhstan in the field of protection from violence and harassment at work are not in complete conformity with international labor standards; formulated some proposals concerning available legal mechanisms to be used for the development of legislation aiming to ensure the protection of workers from violence and harassment. Conclusions: the labor legislation of Russia and Kazakhstan does not protect workers from violence and harassment at work, however, there are attempts made at the level of the executive branch to regulate the problem in a recommendatory manner. Practice shows that employers and employees seek dialogue on this sensitive issue. Judicial practice in Russia and Kazakhstan testifies to the low awareness among judges of the issues concerning protection of workers from such forms of violence as oppression, victimization, mobbing, and harassment
STUDY OF ATMOSPHERIC DROUGHT IN CENTRAL ASIA
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Ryssaliyeva Laura S. , Salnikov Vitaly G. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: December 2021

Agrometeorological events that are dangerous for crops include droughts, dry winds, frosts, heavy rains, hail, strong winds, and dust storms. The most common and dangerous are droughts and dry winds.Drought is a natural phenomenon that is one of the most complex and least studied natural hazards, capable of causing irreparable damage to ecosystems with a wide impact on water resources, agricultural production, ecosystem functions, the environment, local and global economies. The article is a review that presents some of the most frequently and widely used drought indices and indicators in the last two decades, summarizes the results of atmospheric drought research using these indices, demonstrates the relationship between the occurrence of atmospheric drought in various regions of Central Asia and the characteristics of its severity depending on the types of large-scale atmospheric circulation. We compared meteorological and remote sensing indices and identified favorable indices for parameterization and monitoring of droughts. The papers presented in the review provide valuable scientific information and possible directions for further research on drought in Central Asia.
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGNING AND BUILDING A MAP "FAUNISTIC COMPLEXES OF THE BAIKAL REGION"
Authors:   Sochava V.B. Institute of Geography SB RAS, Prelovskiy Vladimir A.
Published: December 2021

Small-scale zoological mapping represents the highest level of abstraction, when not only the most important local features of the spatial differentiation of the population are taken into account but also the general zoogeographic patterns inherent in individual species, faunistic complexes, or fauna as a whole. The development of the methodology for compiling maps and legends, the introduction of geographic information systems and computer data processing significantly expand the modern possibilities of zoological mapping. Currently, the literature and various departmental documents have accumulated a wealth of information on the species composition, distribution and number of terrestrial vertebrate species in the Baikal region, more or less complete descriptions of the animal population in individual territories are given. Integration of the disparate data by creating a map of the vertebrate population makes it possible to visualize the structure and distribution of various types of the population, as well as to reveal the generalpatterns of their formation over a vast territory. The paper describes the experience of compiling a zoological map ‘Faunistic complexes of the Baikal region’ and its legend on a scale of 1: 5 000 000. This is the first overview map created for such a vast territory, it includes 1,400 units in the main layer and contains information about 2 classes, 7 types and 13 subtypes of faunistic complexes.
METHODOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOR CALCULATING THE AREA OF GREENERY IN A CITY, USING REMOTE SENSING DATA
Authors:   Perm State University, Sergeeva Olga S. , Pirozhkov Semen P. ,   Perm State University
Published: December 2021

This article discusses the possibility of using Earth remote sensing data and GIS technologies for assessing the area of green spaces in a city. Green areas are an important indicator of the urban environment quality. Quantitative information on such areas is necessary to calculate the total index of the urban environment quality, which is provided annually to the state statistics authorities. Various methods of obtaining such data are possible, including by decoding orthophotomaps, aerial photography, and mobile laser scanning. GIS technologies provide ample opportunities in this area: they allow one to create electronic maps, attributive databases, and maintain up-to-date information. The paper provides an example of using space images to calculate green areas in one of the microdistricts in the city of Perm. We describe the technique for recalculating the number of trees in a landscaping area; assess the planting areas of general and limited use and the total area of green spaces in the microdistrict; calculate the share of green areas and the greening level of the microdistrict, which are necessary for calculating the urban environment quality index. The technique proposed in this work can significantly reduce the time and labor costs for finding indicators of the urban environment greening.
ETHNOCULTURAL SPACE OF THE POST-SOVIET COUNTRIES: THE COMPONENTS OF THE TERRITORIAL STRUCTURE
Authors:   Pskov State University, Manakov Andrei G.
Published: December 2021

The collapse of the Soviet Union resulted in a radical ethnic transformation, the study of which requires the development of its own tools in geography. Drawing on the concept of geocultural space and geo-ethnocultural systems, the article proposes a methodological tool for identifying the main components of the territorial structure of the ethnocultural space of post-Soviet countries. The method was tested based on the results of the 2009–2011 population census rounds. It allows taking into account the proportion of the Russians and the titular population of national-state entities simultaneously. In total, we have identified eight main components of the territorial structure of the ethnocultural space of post-Soviet countries. Three of them reveal the structure of the Russian geo-ethnocultural system in the main territory of residence of the Russian ethnos in Russia (Russian ethnic core, contact zone, and inner periphery). The remaining five components reflect the degree of manifestation of the ethnic nuclei of national geo-ethnocultural systems while taking into account the influence of the Russian geo-ethnocultural system on them. In particular, within Russia, some national autonomies proved to pertain to a category of regions with a clear dominance of the Russian geo-ethnocultural system.
ECONOMIC COMPLEXITY ANALYSIS IN CASE OF SPATIALLY POLARIZED REGIONAL TRADE FLOWS
Authors:   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Voloshenko Ksenia Yu. , Novikova Anna Al. ,   Kaliningrad State Technical University
Published: December 2021

In recent years, significant qualitative changes have been observed in foreign trade of Russian regions, especially those distinguished by their border location. This applies both to the volume and structure of foreign trade flows and to their geography. The main reason for this is associated with increased geopolitical tensions, global shifts in markets and national and regional economies. Taken together, these changes are affecting the state and development of regions, including the conditions for growth of their economic complexity related to their positions in foreign markets. The study aims to assess the spatial polarization in foreign trade flows and to identify its impact on the development of a border region through economic complexity (with the Kaliningrad region taken as an example). Exclave position of the Kaliningrad region provides a perfect opportunity to assess patterns of change in foreign trade flows and their impact on the region's development conditions. We have established that changes in the geography of foreign trade flows occur predominantly for simpler products. The more complex the products, the less the polarization of foreign trade flows. However, an inverse correlation has been identified for complexity and spatial polarization. Consequently, regional development requires support for expanding the geography of trade partners within modern innovation-technology boundaries. The choice of key geographical markets is determined by the current potential for complexity growth in product categories and product types, as well as by the possibilities for developing new competencies to produce more diverse and complex goods.
PRIORITY SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AREAS IN SIBERIAN REGIONS: FEATURES AND PROBLEMS
Authors:   Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology SB RAS, Gurova Olga N.
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the mechanism of complex development of the territory, organized through the creation of Priority Socio-Economic Development Areas (PSEDA). The purpose of the article is to study the features of PSEDA in the Siberian part of the Russian Federation, the object of the study is the Baikal region and the regions of the Siberian Federal District and their settlements that received this status. The relevance is determined by the fact that PSEDA are created in order to solve the problems of monospecialized cities: to diversify their economy and reduce dependence on city-forming enterprises, it is assumed that they will become points of economic growth, improve the investment climate. The basis of the work was the statistical information of the regions of the Siberian Federal District, information resources of federal and regional authorities and directly territories with this status. The article summarizes these territories, investment projects within the PSEDA, areas of activity that receive support under this mechanism in Siberia. In the Siberian regions on the territories of PSEDA, investment projects prevail in a wide range of industrial production: wood processing, food, light industry. Many projects have not yet begun implementation or are at the stage of infrastructure construction. In the case of successful implementation of these projects, the development of manufacturing industries in resource regions, in which investment projects are implemented mainly in the field of natural resource extraction, will take place. Prospects for the study is related to a further comparative analysis of the socio-economic dynamics of the region and settlement with a fully functioning PSEDA: how much do the parameters of regional development improve after the formation of PSEDA, does the growth of socio-economic indicators occur.
GEOGRAPHICAL META-ANALYSIS AND ITS FEATURES
Authors:   Sochava V.B. Institute of Geography SB RAS, Cherkashin Aleksander K.
Published: December 2021

Geographical meta-analysis is a methodology for combining the results of studies of various territorial objects of different types of locations by means of logical, mathematical and statistical analysis to justify and test scientific hypotheses. Meta-analytical generalizations are based on a non-statistical approach of comparative geographical research with a transition from initial heterogeneous data sets to homogeneous data that can be statistically processed. The meta-analysis methodology is developed on a meta-theoretical basis from the standpoint of the system stratification (fibering, bundling) of the earth's reality on the manifold of the geographical environment. Locally, the same qualimetric equations for data integration and generalization describes processes and phenomena, so each situation is reduced to the properties of a typical layer (fiber) and universal equations on the connection of variables. Features of using geographical meta-analysis methods are considered on the examples of the spread of COVID-19 coronavirus diseases across countries, seasonal development of taiga nature, and gradient analysis of the factor influence on the distribution of mountain geosystems of various types (geomes). In order to compress information, we use methods for calculating integral indicators and other means of excluding influence from the environment. The revealed regularities do not depend on individual values of factors and conditions that influence the processes and relationships between the characteristics of the state of natural and socio-economic systems. They represent dependencies in a refined form.
THE RIVER’S SEDIMENT IN THE NORTH-WEST RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Institute of Limnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Shmakova Marina V.
Published: December 2021

Large forested areas, small slopes of catchments, the presence of lakes and swamps, the karstification of the basin, and a large share of underground river feeding contribute to a decrease in the amount of sediment runoff in the rivers located in the North-West of Russia. The distribution of sediment runoff during the year is determined by the flow regime of the river. The maximum values of the monthly solid runoff modules of all the studied rivers are observed at high water in March – May, usually reaching the peak in April, which is typical for the north-western region. Moreover, the passage of the maximum for the northern rivers (Pasha, Oyat and Tikhvinka) mainly falls on April – May; for rivers flowing in the southern part of the region – on March – April. The minimum values of the annual runoff modulus in the low-water period are extremely insignificant, especially in winter, and for some years they are close to zero. This is quite understandable due to the significant contribution of soil erosion to the formation of solid runoff of watercourses, with the most intensive processes of soil erosion occurring during the period of active snowmelt and floods. A steady increase in air temperature and precipitation layers for the North-West of the Russian Federation in the last thirty years in comparison with the previous climatic period has led to an increase in the river runoff for the studied watercourses. At the same time, according to the observations for the selected climatic periods, there is a decrease in the annual solid runoff. This can be explained by socio-economic changes – a significant decrease in agricultural activity in the region. In addition, taking into account the increase in the water content of the rivers, the decrease in the solid runoff can be explained by the redistribution of the intra-annual course of meteorological values that occurred as a result of climatic changes.
The Search for Forms of Interaction between Technical Institutes, Regional Authorities and the Industries in the 1920s-1930s (by the Example of Ekaterinburg - Sverdlovsk)
Authors: Sukhikh Vasily , Vazhenin Serghey
Published: December 2021

In the 1920–1930s the Ural industries and regional authorities were in need of qualified economists and engineers, which resulted in establishing in Ekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk) its own university, technical institutes, and the Ural Branch of the USSR Academy of Science. The article reveals the reasons of failures in technical institutes’ development and the mistakes in training of economic specialists. The educational organizations and scholarly institutions faced the lack of funding from national and local authorities, whose intention was to make the process cheaper and faster, which resulted in disrupting operation of technical institutes and decreasing the quality of the students’ training. Such attitude on the part of the authorities became the crucial factor for the crises of higher education in the city. Poor communication with the local industry, ideologically based restrictions in teaching of economic disciplines, as well as separate reporting lines of technical institutes, higher education establishments and scholarly institutions also negatively affected the situation. The article proves that the best solution for the city could have been establishing a single research and education center at the State University, which was the original intention of its foundation in 1920. The lack of funding and inconsistent policy of the national and local authorities have led to abandoning the initial program of the university development. Only in 2019, they returned to the program at a new level, when they started to establish a research and education cluster at the Ural Federal University.
THE RELEVANCE AND IMPACT OF SOUTH AFRICAN LABOUR LAW IN THE MINING SECTOR: A FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Faheemah Karolia-Hussain  , Elmarie Fourie
Published: December 2021

The mining sector is one of the contributors to the South African economy and improving productivity is important if it is to remain competitive in the global marketplace. Thus, the technologies that will be created by the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) are important to the mining sector. However, if this leads to mining companies being less reliant on labour, then these changes will have a negative impact on the jobs of mineworkers.This article looks at the legal framework that governs the mining sector in South Africa in the context of 4IR. The Labour Relations Act (LRA) provides for collective bargaining and strike action, but collective bargaining in the South African mining sector is failing and has not produced the desired result. Strike action has become more common and strikes are often violent and unprotected. Secondly, occupational health and safety risks are present in the mines despite protective legislation – namely, the Mine Health and Safety Act (MHSA). Workers experience harsh working conditions underground. Lastly, workers’ skills need to be developed if they are to retain their jobs in 4IR. In terms of legislation, workers should receive training if such training is available for their sector. Consideration urgently needs to be given to the impact on and relevance of 4IR to the labour legal framework in the mining sector. Furthermore, changes to the law in readiness for 4IR and its impact on the workforce in the mines should be considered.
DISMISSAL ARISING FROM FLOUTING COVID-19 HEALTH AND SAFETY PROTOCOLS Eskort Limited v Stuurman Mogotsi [2021] ZALCJHB 53
Authors: CI Tshoose
Published: December 2021

The Labour Court judgment handed down by Tlhotlhalemaje J in Eskort Limited v Stuurman Mogotsi (JR1644/20) (2021) ZALCJHB 53 (Eskort Limited) on 28 March 2021 raised the topical issue of fairness regarding the dismissal of an employee for gross misconduct and negligence related to his failure to follow and/or observe COVID-19-related health and safety protocols put in place at the workplace (Eskort Limited supra par 1).In light of the above, the objectives of this case note are twofold. First, it examines the parameters under which the employer can discipline an employee for flouting the COVID-19 safety protocols and regulations. Secondly, it also considers the extent to which the employer can take appropriate action against an employee who wilfully refuses to obey the lawful and reasonable instructions of the employer during COVID-19 times.
BARKING UP THE WRONG TREE ‒ THE ACTIO DE PAUPERIE REVISITED Van Meyeren v Cloete (636/2019) [2020] ZASCA 100 (11 September 2020)
Authors: André Mukheibir
Published: December 2021

It is trite that the South African law of delict follows a generalising approach. This entails that liability will only ensue when all the elements of delict are present. South African law does not recognise individual “delicts”. The generalising approach followed in South African law is qualified in that there are three main delictual actions, namely the actio legis Aquiliae for patrimonial loss; the actio inuriarum for loss arising from intentional infringements of personality rights; and the Germanic action for pain and suffering, in terms of which a plaintiff can claim compensation for negligent infringements of the physical-mental integrity. This approach is further qualified in that numerous actions dating back to Roman law still exist in our law today. Included in this mix are the actions for harm caused by animals, such as the actio de pauperie, the actio de pastu, and the actio de feris, each with its own requirements. There have been questions as to whether these actions, in particular the actio de pauperie, still form part of South African law. In Loriza Brahman v Dippenaar (2002 (2) SA 477 (SCA) 487) the defendant claimed that the actio was no longer part of the South African law. The Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) per Olivier JA held that the actio de pauperie had been part of South African law for more than 24 centuries and not fallen into disuse. Olivier JA held that the fact that the action is based on strict liability (one of the arguments raised against it) is no reason to ban it from South African law as strict liability was increasing and in suitable instances fulfils a useful function.The SCA, again, recently confirmed the continued existence of the action in South African law in the case of Van Meyeren v Cloete ((636/2019) [2020] ZASCA 100 (11 September 2020) 40). In this case, the SCA had to decide whether to extend the defences against liability in terms of the actio de pauperie to the negligence of a third party that was not in control of the animal. The defendant held that the court should develop the common law in this regard. Considering both case law and the requirements for the development of the common law, the SCA held that such an extension could not be justified.
BREACH OF THE IMPLIED DUTY TO PRESERVE MUTUAL TRUST AND CONFIDENCE IN AN EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP: A CASE STUDY OF Moyo v Old Mutual Limited (22791/2019) [2019] ZAGPJHC 229 (30 July 2019)
Authors: Konanani Happy Raligilia  , Kodisang Mpho Bokaba
Published: December 2021

This case note is intended to revisit the contentious aspect of the implied duties of South African labour law in the individual employment relationship. Significantly, the case note intends to remind the reader about the importance of adhering to certain implied duties in the contract of employment. In this regard, the implied duty to preserve mutual trust and confidence is the central theme of this case note. On the one hand, the implied duty to safeguard mutual trust and confidence imposes an obligation upon the employer to conduct itself in a manner not likely to destroy, jeopardise, or seriously damage the trust relationship and confidence in the employment relationship. On the other hand, this implied duty is becoming a significant yardstick used by employers to address contractual labour disputes in South Africa. In order for an employer to invoke this implied duty, it must be expected that the employee would have to conduct him or herself in a manner likely to demonstrate to his employer loyalty, good faith and cooperation.Against this background, the recent case of Moyo v Old Mutual (22791/2019) [2019] ZAGPJHC 229 (30 July 2019) (Moyo) demonstrates the impact of a breach of the implied duty to preserve mutual trust and confidence on the employment relationship. This case note intends to examine the implied obligation that rests upon the employer to safeguard trust and confidence in the relationship. The case note further reflects on the implied duty of employees to safeguard and protect mutual trust and confidence. After all, trust forms the basic fundamental core of the employment relationship, and any breach of this duty is likely to result in an irretrievable breakdown of the employment relationship. Once there is a breakdown of trust and confidence, it remains a mammoth task to restore the relationship.
WARRANTLESS SEARCHES AND AWARDS FOR DAMAGES IN LIGHT OF THE JUDGMENT IN Shashape v The Minister of Police Case No.: 1566/2018
Authors: Delano Cole van der Linde
Published: December 2021

The law of criminal procedure is “double functional” in that it not only dictates the proper procedure for the execution of police functions but also serves as a ground of justification in substantive law against otherwise unlawful conduct. Nevertheless, personal liberties, even in the pursuit of justice in a country overrun by crime, cannot be sacrificed indiscriminately simply to further the diligent investigation of crime.An example of personal liberties being sacrificed in favour of the pursuit of justice is the search and seizure of private spaces of individuals. Search and seizure may be effected both with and without a warrant and is regulated by the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 (CPA). However, where a police official acts outside of this legislative matrix, his or her conduct is not regarded as lawful; he or she may not rely on official capacity as a ground of justification against an (unlawful) search. In such instances, the Minister of Police may be vicariously liable in delict owing to the unlawful conduct of police officials. Such cases are relatively rare.This contribution will focus on two specific aspects – namely, search and seizure conducted without a warrant, and subsequent awards for damages based on unlawful, warrantless searches. The recent judgment in Shashape v The Minister of Police (WHC (unreported) 2020-04-30 Case no 1566/2018 (Shashape)) is discussed against this backdrop.
Reproductions troublées
Authors: TASSET Cyprien
Published: December 2021

Une façon de comprendre l’Anthropocène consiste à y voir une discordance des temporalités entre la dégradation de la reproduction du vivant, et la reproduction coriace du système de production qui persiste à opérer cette dégradation, en attendant que les rétroactions de celles-ci le rattrapent. Au lieu d’absolutiser l’apparente absence d’échos de la crise du vivant sur la reproduction des fonctions sociales, on peut s’interroger sur les façons dont cette reproduction se trouble déjà, et pourrait se troubler davantage. L’enseignement supérieur est un des espaces qui se prêtent à une telle interrogation, et en particulier, en son sein, les « grandes écoles », vouées à la reproduction des fonctions d’encadrement. Ces écoles ont parmi leurs tâches celle de maintenir l’attractivité de celui-ci, ce qui leur rend difficile de rester totalement sourdes à des critiques qui jouent un rôle dans l’orientation des flux d’étudiants. C’est une fenêtre critique importante offerte par la conjoncture actuelle. Nous conclurons par quelques remarques sur les réponses pédagogiques à apporter à la montée d’un trouble « anthropocènique » dans les grandes écoles.
Runet search engine statistics as a lexicographic source
Authors:   Kemerovo State University (Kemerovo, Russia), Golev Nikolay D.
Published: December 2021

The report presents the results and outlines the prospects for three areas of the use of computer technologies in linguistics (including lexicography), developed by the speaker over the years: 1) use of statistical data from Internet search engines, 2) use of Internet search engines as a source of material, 3) use reverse machine translation.
Linguistic units with semantics of sound in the «Dictionary of perceptual images of the poetic works by B.L. Pasternak»
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Khiznichenko Anna V. , Kryukova Larisa B. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: December 2021

The section of the author's dictionary, which presents perceptual images of sound, represented in the poems by B.L. Pasternak is described. The general principles of text material classification are considered and a version of the language entry (perceptual image "music") is proposed. The focus is on individual style particularities and the text-forming potential of linguistic units with semantics of sensual perception.
Semantics of the emotive nouns in the mature novels by F.M. Dostoevsky
Authors:   Tomsk Polytechnic University, Shatokhina Anastasia O.
Published: December 2021

The report focuses on the semantics of such emotive nouns as “fever” (goriachka), “delirium” (bred) and “febrility” (likhoradka) in the mature novels by F.M. Dostoevsky. The author’s interpretation of the mentioned lexical units is elicited, their role in formation of the characters’ psychological portraits and the meaning of the text as a whole is described.
Multimedia dictionary of regional linguoculture as an innovative genre of modern lexicography
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Felde Olga V.
Published: December 2021

Тhe author of the report analyses theoretical and practical foundations for compiling regional multimedia linguocultural dictionary. Mega-, macro- and microstructure of audiovisual dictionary of North Angara region traditional Russian linguoculture are described
Ideographic marking of dictionary entries of «Multilingual Dictionary of Metaphors»
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Gerasimova Marina V.
Published: December 2021

The methods of modeling the macrostructure of the "Multilingual Dictionary of Metaphors" are highlighted. The synoptic scheme is presented, which reflects the classification of the phenomena of extra-linguistic reality, figuratively characterized by food metaphor. The problem of ideographic marking of dictionary entries in a digital dictionary is considered.
Record library of the Moscow State University dialectology room: from archive to database
Authors:   Moscow State University, Kokonova Anna B.
Published: December 2021

The record library of the Moscow State University dialectology room is a collection of unique records of a cultural and historical nature. The task of our team is to convert all records into electronic form, make a transcription of sounding texts and organize all materials into a database convenient for storing and using information. Such a base will be a great help for researchers dialectologists, folklorists, and culturologists.
Problems of systematization of the terminological system of the metalanguage of linguistics
Authors:   Institute of Linguistic Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lesnikov Sergey V.
Published: December 2021

The report is supposed to consider the problems of systematization of the terminology system of the linguistics metalanguage, as well as to give an analytical review of Russian dictionaries of linguistic terminology, which would reveal: (1) the way of organizing dictionary materials, (2) the coverage of special vocabulary, (3) the degree of informative content of the dictionary article, (4) chronological shifts in the understanding and designations of the corresponding linguistic phenomena and in the composition of dictionaries of normative linguistic terminology. In addition, terminological word usage is taken into account in publications that appeared in one of the leading and authoritative academic publications "Questions of Linguistics" for the period from 1952 to 2021.
Predicate word dictionary as a tool for automatic text processing by situational-relational analysis
Authors:   Perm State University, Mishlanov Valery A. , Kadzhaya Liudmila А. ,   Perm State University; Shandong University, Salimovskiy Vladimir A. ,   Perm State University, Smirnov Ivan V. ,   Russian Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, FRC CSC RAS
Published: December 2021

This paper discusses the issues of improving a predicate word dictionary structure that is used in solving problems of knowledge acquisition and text analysis. The principle of open dictionary architecture is shown. It takes into account the stylistic differentiation of speech and involves the description of predicate word subsystems functioning in separate speech varieties.
Modern Russian Lives of New Martyrs and Confessors of the XX century in the aspect of corpus lexicography
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Surovtseva Ekaterina V.
Published: December 2021

We express an idea that modern lives of saints are important part of current Russian literary process, lists the types of information that mark the corpus of the lives of new martyrs and confessors of Moscow Diocese, and lists the lexical and semantic poles that are allocated in the corpus. The article is provided with a large amount of factual material.
The lexicographical component of the Tomsk dialect corpus
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Ugryumova Maria M.
Published: December 2021

The article considers the features of the development of the lexicographic module of the Tomsk dialect corpus: the principles of selecting and preparing vocabulary units for implementation in the corpus, approaches to the presentation of the material.
The Regional Corpus of Folk Speech as a source for dialect lexicograph
Authors:   Omsk State University named after F.M. Dostoevsky, Kharlamova Marina A.
Published: December 2021

This paper examines the Regional Corpus of Folk Speech of the Middle Irtysh Region as a reliable source for the electronic Dictionary of Constants. It focuses on analyzing the choice of a headword and illustrative field of the dictionary entries.
Linguоcultural commentary in the «Dictionary of the Siberian wedding ceremony»
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Bankova Tatyana B.
Published: December 2021

Тhe article is devoted to the study of the components of the linguoculturological commentary of the ritual words of dialect linguoculture in the "Dictionary of the Siberian wedding ceremony." The work based on the dialects of the Middle Ob region, objectifying linguoculture. The dialect lexicon has an extensive corpus of units serving the Russian national wedding ceremony. Their semantics is a multicomponent structure that contains a unique layer that represents the national identity of Russian ritual culture. The work reveal at identifying the components of the commentary, establishing their hierarchy, clarifying the specifics of the presentation of the most significant components.
Kinship terms in modern Russian: functional-pragmatic and lexicographic aspects
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Novoselova Olga A. , Khramtsova Lyudmila N. ,   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of identifying the pragmatic properties of kinship terms in the Russian language and the need for their lexicographic description. The basic ideas of Russian speakers about relationships in the circle of relatives by marriage are determined in order to develop possible ways to include such information of a pragmatic nature in dictionaries.
Substandard dictionaries in linguaexpert practice of English
Authors:   L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nurkenova Saule S. , Kinzhagaliyeva Karylgash U. ,   L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the overview of the substandard vocabulary of the English language, which provides historical references on the emergence and development of socio-lexicography in foreign linguistics.
Figurative Lexicography in the Digital Age: New Projects and Solutions
Authors:   Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, Yurina Elena A. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: December 2021

A new stage in the development of figurative lexicography is characterized, associated with the digitalization of not only the process of lexicography, but also the vocabulary product itself. Considered are digital versions of dictionaries and electronic databases describing the figurative means of the language – metaphors, comparisons, phraseological units, paremia.