bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water consumption when exposed to sun and shade for native goats in the semiarid of the State of Paraiba, Brazil
Authors: Furtado Dermeval A. , Leite Jackson R. de S. , Nascimento Jose W. B. do , Leal Antonio F. , Silva Andrea S.
Published: April 2012

This work aimed to evaluate the preference and water consumption of native goats in the semiarid of Brazil. The water was freely supplied, in individual buckets, one exposed to the sun and the other in the shade. The experiment was realized using 18 animals of Moxotó, Graúna and Azul breeds, with average weight of 16,6 ± 2,4 kg, kept in confinement in individual stalls equipped with feeders and drinkers, during the period from January to February of 2009. The water temperature was measured by sensors (thermocouples type T - copper/constantan), which were coupled to a system of data acquisition. It was observed that the average water temperature exposed to the sun was 29.02 ºC, and 23.85 ºC in the shade. For all breeds there was a preference for the water exposed to the sun, corresponding to an average consumption of 64.71% of the total. Among the breeds, the greatest preference for water exposed to the sun was the Azul (71.18%), followed by the Moxotó (65.95%) and the Graúna (57.00%). The animals consumed more water during the day, and the average water consumption was 1.15 grams day-1, corresponding to 6.9 % of body weight of the animals.
Spatial variability of soil physical properties in two management systems in sugarcane crop
Authors: Carvalho Laércio A. de , Meurer Ismael , Silva Junior Carlos A. da , Centurion José F.
Published: April 2012

The aim of this study was to characterize the spatial variability of soil bulk density (Bd), soil moisture content (θ) and total porosity (Tp) in two management systems of sugarcane harvesting, with or without burning, in a Haplustox soil, in the 0-0.20 m layer. The study area is located in Rio Brilhante, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in Eldorado Sugar Mill. The plots have presented 180 m length, and 145.6 m width, totaling 90 points distributed in the form of a grid of nine rows by ten columns, with points spaced 20 m from its neighbor. Soil samples were collected at 0-0.20 m layer in 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 crops. The harvest with burning system had a higher density compared to mechanized harvest, in the two study periods. The moisture content as well as the porosity increased proportionally with the decrease of the density of the harvest burning system compared to the mechanized.
Produtividade da água de chuva em culturas de subsistência no Semiárido Pernambucano
Authors: Brito Luiza T. de L. , Cavalcanti Nilton de B. , Silva Aderaldo de S. , Pereira Lúcio A.
Published: April 2012

Os diferentes sistemas de cultivo utilizados pelos agricultores do Semiárido brasileiro apresentam riscos de perdas devido às irregularidades das chuvas, sendo, portanto, necessário associá-los a práticas que propiciem maior disponibilidade de água no solo durante o ciclo de cultivo. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a aplicação de quantidades mínimas de água e adubação orgânica na produtividade de feijãocaupi, cultivar BRS-Pujante e de milho, cultivar BRS-Caatingueiro. Os resultados indicam que as maiores produtividades de grãos foram obtidas com o tratamento que associou a irrigação de salvação com a adubação orgânica, sendo para o feijão-caupi de 1.422,5 kg ha-1, e para o milho, de 6.099,1 kg ha-1, seguido pelo tratamento que usou somente a adubação orgânica, para ambas as culturas. Porém, comparando-se o efeito da adubação orgânica aplicada de forma isolada sobre a testemunha, observa-se que ocorreram aumentos de 54,5% e de 237,3% nas produtividades de feijão e de milho, respectivamente, ressaltando a importância do uso da adubação orgânica nas culturas.
À sombra do aborto: o debate social sobre a anticoncepção de emergência na mídia impressa brasileira (2005-2009)
Authors: Souza Rozana Aparecida de , Brandão Elaine Reis
Published: April 2012

Trata-se de pesquisa socioantropológica que discute premissas centrais do debate social sobre a Anticoncepção de Emergência (AE) no Brasil, mediante análise de 131 textos publicados nos jornais Folha de S. Paulo (SP) e O Globo (RJ), de 2005 a 2009, orientada pelos descritores: pílula do dia seguinte, contracepção de emergência e AE. A Igreja Católica e o Ministério da Saúde são os principais interlocutores, identificados por um discurso baseado em metáforas bélicas, consoante à terminologia da saúde pública. Os textos pouco reproduzem argumentos de defesa dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos. O posicionamento contrário da Igreja Católica baseia-se em argumentos biomédicos que consideram o método abortivo por ser usado pós-coito, equiparando a AE ao misoprostol (Cytotec) e à pílula RU486. O Ministério da Saúde e profissionais defendem que a AE pode evitar abortos inseguros, mas seu mecanismo de ação não é bem discutido, e o tema aborto termina sendo central.
Qualidade fisiológica de sementes e crescimento de plântulas de feijoeiro, em função de aplicações de paraquat em pré-colheita
Authors: Kappes Claudinei , Arf Orivaldo , Ferreira João Paulo , Portugal José Roberto , Alcalde Andrews Molnar , Arf Marcelo Valentini , Vilela Rafael Gonçalves
Published: April 2012

A qualidade fisiológica de sementes e o crescimento de plântulas de feijão são influenciados pelo ambiente de produção e por práticas de manejo, como a dessecação química, em pré-colheita. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes e o crescimento de plântulas de feijão, após aplicações de paraquat, em diferentes épocas e doses, em pré-colheita. Utilizou-se delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4x4 (épocas de aplicação x doses do herbicida), com quatro repetições. O paraquat foi aplicado aos 30, 35, 40 e 45 dias após o florescimento da cultura (DAF), nas doses de 0 g ha-1, 200 g ha-1, 400 g ha-1 e 600 g ha-1. Os resultados foram submetidos a análise de variância, sendo as épocas comparadas pelo teste Tukey e as doses por regressão. A germinação, o envelhecimento acelerado de sementes e o comprimento total de plântula não foram prejudicados, após as aplicações de paraquat em pré-colheita. Porém, a germinação, após o teste de frio, e o comprimento da parte aérea de plântula foram afetados pelas épocas de aplicações de paraquat, obtendo-se melhores resultados quando o dessecante foi aplicado aos 30 DAF. A condutividade elétrica de sementes diminuiu linearmente, à medida em que as doses de paraquat aumentaram, e resultado similar foi constatado, também, para o comprimento de raiz primária de plântula, com aplicação aos 30 DAF, e primeira contagem de germinação e índice de velocidade de germinação, com aplicação aos 45 DAF. A qualidade fisiológica de sementes e o crescimento de plântulas foram afetados pela aplicação de paraquat em pré-colheita.
Uso de torta de mamona como fertilizante orgânico
Authors: Silva Samuel de Deus da , Presotto Rafael Antônio , Marota Helen Botelho , Zonta Everaldo
Published: April 2012

A torta de mamona é um resíduo da produção de biodiesel, que apresenta grande potencial como fertilizante orgânico, mas, também, teores de sódio em sua constituição, em decorrência do uso de NaOH, como catalisador da reação de transesterificação, para produzir o biodiesel. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o potencial de uso da torta de mamona resultante da produção de biodiesel direto da semente como fertilizante orgânico, no cultivo de mamoneira (Ricinus communis L.). A torta foi lavada com água, na relação 1:4 (m/v), com a finalidade de reduzir os teores de sódio. Avaliou-se a altura de plantas, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea, teores totais de nutrientes na raiz e na parte aérea, além dos elementos residuais após o cultivo. O estudo foi realizado na Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, em Seropédica (RJ). Utilizou-se a cultivar Al Guarani, cultivada em casa-de-vegetação, durante 70 dias, em substrato de Cambissolo proveniente da Chapada do Apodi (RN), e delineamento de blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 6x2 (seis doses de torta: 0 Mg ha-1, 5 Mg ha-1, 10 Mg ha-1, 20 Mg ha-1, 40 Mg ha-1 e 80 Mg ha-1; e dois estados da torta: in natura e tratada), com três repetições. Os teores de sódio presentes na torta não são prejudiciais às plantas de mamona, a curto prazo. No geral, a maior dose de torta de mamona in natura ou tratada, equivalente a 80 Mg ha-1, promoveu maior liberação de nutrientes ao solo.
Conservação de pimentão verde minimamente processado acondicionado em diferentes embalagens plásticas
Authors: Vilas Boas Brígida Monteiro , Siqueira Heloísa Helena de , Leme Suzana Chitarra , Lima Luiz Carlos de Oliveira , Alves Tatielle Custódio
Published: April 2012

O processamento mínimo de hortaliças agrega valor ao produto final, pelo fato de aumentar a sua conveniência e reduzir o tempo de preparo das refeições. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a conservação de pimentões verdes 'Konan R' minimamente processados, no formato de rodelas, e acondicionados em diferentes embalagens plásticas. Os pimentões foram selecionados, lavados e sanificados em solução de hipoclorito de sódio (200 mg L-1), por 15 minutos. As rodelas (1,0 cm de largura) foram sanificadas em solução de hipoclorito de sódio (50 mg L-1), por 5 minutos, e, em seguida, acondicionadas em: 1) bandeja de poliestireno expandido, envolta com filme de policloreto de vinila (PVC) 0,014 mm; 2) embalagem rígida de polipropileno (PP), com tampa do mesmo polímero; 3) saco plástico de polipropileno biorientado (BOPP) 0,060 mm. O produto foi armazenado a 5±0,1ºC e 95±1% UR, por 6 dias. As seguintes análises foram realizadas a cada 2 dias: perda de massa, teores de acidez titulável e de ácido ascórbico, pH, coloração (expressa em valores L* e a*) e firmeza. As embalagens plásticas e o tempo de armazenamento não alteraram o pH, o valor L* e a firmeza das rodelas. Os teores de acidez titulável e o valor a* foram afetados pelo tempo de armazenamento. A bandeja de poliestireno envolta com filme PVC determinou maior perda de massa e menor teor de ácido ascórbico, nas rodelas de pimentão armazenadas a 5ºC, por 6 dias. Assim, a embalagem rígida de PP e o saco plástico de BOPP são preferíveis para acondicionar pimentão verde minimamente processado.
Mapeamento do índice de vegetação da diferença normalizada em lavoura de algodão
Authors: Motomiya Anamari Viegas de Araujo , Molin José Paulo , Motomiya Wagner Rogerio , Rojo Baio Fábio Henrique
Published: April 2012

Os dados de sensoriamento remoto em campo podem fornecer informações detalhadas sobre a variabilidade de parâmetros biofísicos ligados à produtividade em grandes áreas e apresentam potencial para o monitoramento destes parâmetros, ao longo de todo o ciclo de desenvolvimento da cultura. Este trabalho objetivou mapear a variabilidade espacial do índice de vegetação da diferença normalizada (NDVI) e seus componentes, em duas lavouras comerciais de algodão (Gossipium hirsutum L.), utilizando sensor óptico ativo, em nível terrestre. Os dados foram coletados utilizando-se sensor instalado em um pulverizador autopropelido agrícola. Um receptor GPS foi acoplado ao sensor, para a obtenção das coordenadas dos pontos de amostragem. As leituras foram realizadas em faixas espaçadas em 21,0 m, aproveitando-se as passadas do veículo no momento da pulverização de agroquímicos, e os dados submetidos à análise estatística clássica e geoestatística. Mapas de distribuição espacial das variáveis foram elaborados pela interpolação por krigagem. Observou-se maior variabilidade espacial do NDVI e da reflectância espectral da vegetação na região do infravermelho próximo (IVP) (880 nm) e do visível (590 nm) na lavoura com maior estresse fisiológico, devido ao ataque do percevejo castanho [Scaptocoris castanea (Hem.: Cydnidae)], em relação à lavoura sadia.
Os gêneros textuais em cena: uma análise crítica de duas concepções de gêneros textuais e sua aceitabilidade na educação no Brasil
Authors: Borges Flávia Girardo Botelho
Published: April 2012

O tema "gêneros textuais" parece esgotado, visto a quantidade de pesquisas e publicações a respeito. Entretanto, um aspecto pouco notado sobre os gêneros é a adoção de uma das concepções teóricas sobre o tema como metodologia nas aulas de língua portuguesa, no Brasil. O tópico "gêneros textuais" passou a ser frequente após os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais. Estes elegeram uma das propostas de estudo sobre o tópico, a do grupo de pesquisadores de Genebra. Entretanto, outras propostas existem e neste texto pretendemos apresentar uma pequena história das teorias dos gêneros textuais, até encontrar as concepções do grupo de Genebra, depois passar ao grupo sociorretórico e, por fim, comparar essas duas linhas teóricas. Não pretendemos qualificar ou apenas desqualificar uma teoria, mas compreender, de maneira crítica, a elegibilidade de uma delas por um documento oficial e como orientação à prática docente.
Multi-objective design optimisation: getting more for less
Authors: Evins Ralph , Joyce Sam Conrad , Pointer Philip , Sharma Shrikant , Vaidyanathan Ravi , Williams Chris
Published: April 2012

Multi-objective optimisation can help civil engineers achieve higher performance for lower costs in their designs. This is true whether ‘performance’ applies to structural strength or energy use, or whether ‘cost’ measures financial outlay or occupant satisfaction: if it can be quantified it can be optimised in some form. By exploring trade-offs between conflicting objectives and constraints, multi-objective optimisation enables informed decision-making. This paper outlines the principles and benefits of multi-objective optimisation and the means of implementation. The complementary aspects of parametric modelling and optimisation are discussed as an aid to the flexible design of buildings and structures. A range of real design problems are considered, including structural and environmental examples.
Exact undrained elasto-plastic solution for cylindrical cavity expansion in modified Cam Clay soil
Authors: CHEN S.L. , ABOUSLEIMAN Y.N.
Published: April 2012

This paper presents an exact semi-analytical analysis for cylindrical cavity expansion in modified Cam Clay critical state soil under the undrained condition. By assuming small-strain deformation in the elastic region and large-strain deformation in the plastic region, the formulation of the problem is reduced to solving a system of first-order ordinary differential equations for the radial, tangential and vertical effective stresses in the plastic zone. The pore pressure distribution can subsequently be determined from the radial equilibrium equation in terms of the total stresses. The semi-analytical solution derived in this paper follows the rigorous definitions for the two effective stress invariants instead of approximate ones, as usually assumed in the existing literature, and applies to the more general case where the out-of-plane (vertical) in situ stress may be different from the in-plane (horizontal) one. The results show clearly that the stress history (overconsolidation ratio) has a significant influence on the stress and pore pressure distributions around the cavity. The present solution provides an exact and realistic theoretical framework for predicting the soil behaviour around the cylindrical cavity, with applications to the interpretation of pressuremeter tests and to pile installation problems. It also serves as a valuable benchmark for verifying various cavity expansion numerical methods involving the critical state plasticity model.
The 2020 emissions reduction impact of urban water conservation in California
Authors: Haley Benjamin , Gallo Jean-Baptiste , Kehr Abigail , Perry Michael , Siao David , Smallen William , Torn Margaret S. , Williams James H.
Published: April 2012

This paper assesses the potential greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction impacts of urban water conservation. Using California as a case study, it estimates this co-benefit of California's statewide urban water conservation goal of 20% per capita reduction by 2020 (relative to a year 2000 baseline). We developed a model of a water supply system to assess the impact of reduced urban water demand on emissions. Embedded energy and emissions were established for each stage of the water supply cycle: supply and conveyance, treatment, distribution, end use and wastewater treatment. We conclude that water conservation, in addition to being an important strategy for adaptation to climate change, represents a significant opportunity for mitigation. Under policies that prioritize savings of water that is heated, the most energy-intensive process in the supply cycle, water conservation offers the potential to conserve 3.5 Mt CO2e in 2020. This result suggests that water conservation could be an important mitigation strategy in other states, even those that are not water-constrained and do not have highly energy intensive supply sources.
Experimental studies on nucleate pool boiling heat transfer to ethanol/MEG/DEG ternary mixture as a new coolant
Authors: Sarafraz M.M. , Peyghambarzadeh S.M. , Fazel Alavi
Published: April 2012

In this paper, nucleate pool boiling heat transfer coefficient of ternary
mixtures of ethanol, monoethylene glycol (MEG) and diethylene glycol (DEG) as
a new coolant with higher heat transfer coefficient has been investigated.
Therefore, at varied concentrations of MEG and DEG and also at different heat
fluxes, pool boiling heat transfer coefficients, have been experimentally
measured. Results demonstrated the higher heat transfer coefficient in
comparison with Water/MEG/DEG ternary mixture. In particular, at high heat
fluxes, for ethanol/MEG/DEG mixture, higher boiling heat transfer coefficient
is reported. Besides, experimental data were compared to well-known existing
correlations. Results of this comparison express that the most accurate
correlation for predicting the heat transfer coefficient of ethanol/MEG/DEG
is modified Stephan - Preu?er which has been obtained in our earlier work.
Solvent-dependent synthesis and mono-hydrolysis of di-Schiff base of (+/-)trans-1,2-cyclohexanediamine and 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde in Cu(II), Co(II) and Zn(II) complexes
Authors: Lashanizadegan Maryam , Sarkheil Marzieh
Published: April 2012

The Schiff base ligand trans-N,N?-bis[2-pyridinecarboxylidene]
cyclohexane-1,2-diamine (L) was synthesized. This ligand when stirred with 1
equiv of MCl2.xH2O (M = Cu, Co, Zn) in ethanol, undergoes partial hydrolysis
of the imino bond and the result tridentate ligand (L') and immediately forms
the complexes with N3 coordination sphere. The reactions of L with MCl2.xH2O
(M = Cu, Co, Zn) in THF give complexes [ML]Cl2. The ligand (L), complexes
[M(L')Cl]Cl and [ML]Cl2 were characterized by elemental analysis, UV-Vis,
FT-IR, 1H NMR, GC/MS and luminescence properties. The 1H NMR spectra of the
ligand and its diamagnetic complexes were recorded in CDCl3 and DMSO
solvents, respectively. Obtained data confirm that the donor atoms N in
ligand coordinated to the metal ions. The luminescence studies show ligands
and their complexes display intraligand (?- ?
Sustainable development: Implementing utopia?
Authors: Kos Drago
Published: April 2012

Sustainable development is popular, but also indeterminate concept, with many
meanings and interpretations. This complex and vague idea seems more
difficult to implement on the local basis then on the national level. It is
therefore surprising that such an abstract concept has rather high mobilizing
power. One of the explanations lies in its positive image. When one compares
the ?optimistic? concept of sustainability with the ?pessimistic? concept of
entropia, it is possible to hypothesize that its popularity is the result of
its utopistic potential, i.e. its ability to visualize the reconciliation of
the eternal fight between man (society), and nature. Comparing attitudes and
statements with the actual behavior makes it possible to conclude that
sustainability is just as popular as declaration, which is in strong contrast
with the everyday reality. It is quite understandable that sustainability, as
a radical concept, is difficult to implement in the real life. A lot has to
be done in coordinating the measures on the local level in order to prevent
shocks which would destabilize communities. But just the fact that the
concept is provocative makes it effective in stimulating the discussion on
numerous questions considering sound, sustainable development. This paper
tries to structure the concept of sustainability in order to clarify its
social potential.
First report on the importance of alien gobiids in the diet of native piscivorous fishes in the lower Vistula River (Poland)
Authors: Płąchocki Dariusz , Kobak Jarosław , Kakareko Tomasz
Published: April 2012

We conducted a snapshot study to check the importance of non-native Ponto-Caspian gobies (monkey and racer goby) in the diet of native obligate (northern pike, pikeperch) and facultative (Eurasian perch) predators in the Vistula River 3–4 years after the appearance of aliens. In total 71 fish with non-empty stomachs, taken randomly from net catches from various parts of the river were analyzed, including 32 pike, 20 pikeperch and 19 perch specimens. We found that gobiids prevailed in the diet of smaller (<30 cm standard length, SL) individuals of pike and pikeperch, as well as larger (>15 cm SL) specimens of perch, although the effect of predator size on the presence of gobiids in the diet was not significant in the case of perch. Our results indicate that gobiids as a prey fish can stimulate considerable changes in local food webs, which require further studies.
Hydrogel of Ketoconazole and PAMAM Dendrimers: Formulation and Antifungal Activity
Authors: Winnicka Katarzyna , Wroblewska Magdalena , Wieczorek Piotr , Sacha Pawel Tomasz , Tryniszewska Elzbieta
Published: April 2012

Ketoconazole (KET), an imidazole derivative with well-known antifungal properties, is lipophilic and practically insoluble in water, therefore its clinical use has some practical disadvantages. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of PAMAM-NH2 and PAMAM-OH dendrimers generation 2 and generation 3 on the solubility and antifungal activity of KET and to design and evaluate KET hydrogel with PAMAM dendrimers. It was shown that the surface charge of PAMAM dendrimers strongly affects their influence on the improvement of solubility and antifungal activity of KET. The MIC and MFC values obtained by broth dilution method indicate that PAMAM-NH2 dendrimers significantly (up to 16-fold) increased the antifungal activity of KET against Candida strains (e.g., in culture Candida albicans 1103059/11 MIC value was 0.008 μg/mL and 0.064 μg/mL, and MFC was 2 μg/mL and 32 μg/mL for KET in 10 mg/mL solution of PAMAM-NH2 G2 and pure KET, respectively). Antifungal activity of designed KET hydrogel with PAMAM-NH2 dendrimers measured by the plate diffusion method was definitely higher than pure KET hydrogel and than commercial available product. It was shown that the improvement of solubility and in the consequence the higher KET release from hydrogels seems to be a very significant factor affecting antifungal activity of KET in hydrogels containing PAMAM dendrimers.
Low Glycaemic Index Dietary Interventions in Youth with Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review and Discussion of the Clinical Implications
Authors: Balzer Ben W. R. , Graham Christie L. , Craig Maria E. , Selvadurai Hiran , Donaghue Kim C. , Brand-Miller Jennie C. , Steinbeck Kate S.
Published: April 2012

A systematic review was conducted to assess what is known about the effect of low glycaemic index (GI) diets on glycaemic control, weight and quality of life in youth with cystic fibrosis (CF). Eligibility criteria were systematic reviews, randomised and non-randomised trials of low GI dietary interventions in CF. Outcomes examined were glycaemic control, quality of life, anthropometry and respiratory function. Reference lists were manually searched and experts in the field were consulted. Four studies met the eligibility criteria; two were excluded because they did not include data on any of the outcomes. The remaining two were studies that examined GI secondary to any other intervention: one used GI as a factor in enteral feeds and the other incorporated low GI dietary education into its treatment methodology. There is insufficient evidence to recommend use of low GI diets in CF. Since there is evidence to support use of low GI diets in type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes, low GI diets should be tested as an intervention for CF. The potential risks and benefits of a low GI diet in CF are discussed.
Biogas Production Potential from Economically Usable Green Waste
Authors: Pick Daniel , Dieterich Martin , Heintschel Sebastian
Published: April 2012

Biomass production for energy purposes on agricultural land competes with food production. This is a serious problem, considering the limited availability of farmland, rising demand for varied food products, demand for more organic crop production resulting in considerably reduced yields per area and the need for more environmentally sound agricultural practices meeting long-term sustainability criteria. Residual land currently not used for agricultural production has been considered a promising resource, but in terms of potentials, difficult to estimate for biomass for use in the energy sector. Biomass potentials associated with “green waste” from residual grasslands were assessed for Schwäbisch Hall County in the Federal State of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Roadside edges, conservation grasslands subject to low intensity use (landscape maintenance sites), riparian stretches along ditches and streams, and municipal green spaces (public lawns, parks and sports fields) were the area types considered. Data for biomass and biogas yields were either determined through a sampling program or obtained from the literature and through interviews with experts. In an iterative process and distinguishing between theoretical, technical and realized (economic) potentials, unsuitable areas and fractions were subtracted from the theoretical potentials. Theoretical potentials for Schwäbisch Hall County were originally estimated at 21 million m3 of biogas. The results of the investigation suggest that a very high percentage of the theoretical residual biomass potential cannot be accessed due to various technical, legal, ecological or management (economic) constraints. In fact, in the end, only municipal lawns and green spaces were found to provide suitable substrates. Current use of residual biomass in the model communities did not exceed 0.4% of the theoretical potentials. Provided all residual biomass available under current management practices could be accessed, this would amount to 6.1% of the theoretical maximum potentials.
SIMULATION OF POLY- AND MONODISPERSED GRANULAR MATERIAL. PART I: STRUCTURE CHARACTERISTICS / DAUGIADISPERSIO IR VIENDISPERSIO DALELIŲ MIŠINIO ELGSENOS TYRIMAS. I DALIS: STRUKTŪROS CHARAKTERIZAVIMAS
Authors: Pocius Gvidas , Balevičius Robertas
Published: April 2012

The paper presents two part investigation into the behaviour of poly- and monodispersed granular material applying the discrete element method (DEM). Granular aggregates involve the compaction of spherical particles within the wall-bounded domain under gravity force and randomly induced small velocities of the grains. Part I discusses the modelling technique and correctness of the obtained results and analyzes the characteristics of granular material structure after the compaction process relying on the coordination number, particle contacting forces and volume fraction distribution. Referring to the stressed arches, the locked clusters of granular material containing small particles were detected. For the purpose of providing the characterization of micro and macrostates of these clusters, Hamiltonian mechanics was introduced. Santrauka Diskrečiųjų elementų metodu modeliuota viendispersio ir daugiadispersio sferinių dalelių mišinio elgsena. Dėmesys skirtas mišinio mikro- ir makrostruktūros charakterizavimui, pasitelkiant dalelių dinaminio modeliavimo rodiklius. Pirmojoje straipsnio dalyje aptarta modeliavimo metodika ir grindžiamas gautųjų rezultatų korektiškumas, remiantis kontroliuojamaisiais mechaniniais būvio parametrais. Dalelių mišinio struktūrai charakterizuoti makrolygmeniu naudoti šie rodikliai: struktūros užimama tūrio dalis (tankumas), koordinacijos skaičius, dalelių kontaktinės jėgos. Aprašomas dalelių būsenų charakterizavimas taikant Hamiltono mechanikos principus.
Indicateurs de changement dans les thérapies de couple
Authors: Jaroslavsky Ezequiel Alberto
Published: April 2012

Résumé Le couple, comme tout lien humain, est déterminé inconsciemment par l’appareillage psychique des groupes internes de chacun des membres. Quand prédomine un appareillage isomorphique, il y aura peu de discrimination entre les sujets et la transmission sera à dominance trans-subjective, avec absence de processus de reprise et déficit de symbolisation. En revanche, dans l’appareillage homomorphique il y aura différenciation intrasubjective et entre les sujets, transmission intersubjective, processus de reprise et de symbolisation avec prédominance des processus de pensée. Des indicateurs empiriques issus du matériel clinique (deux extraits de séances) permettront de différencier les deux types d’appareillage psychique. L’émergence et la prédominance de moments homomorphiques, c’est-à-dire de transmission intersubjective, indiqueront l’instauration d’un processus psychanalytique de couple.
Dynamique des couples et thérapie dans les cas de cancer
Authors: Möhring Peter
Published: April 2012

Résumé Dans ce travail, l’auteur présente un des cas de thérapie de couple où l’un des partenaires a souffert de cancer. Je montre comment la maladie s’insinue dans la dynamique psychique du couple et dans la structure de ses conflits inconscients. Une maladie qui menace la vie est un défi pour le lien de couple. Cela peut conduire à une relation plus étroite entre les partenaires, mais aussi susciter de la peur, de la rage et faire surgir les conflits latents. En conséquence, les besoins thérapeutiques peuvent être très différents et le thérapeute doit être très souple pour s’adapter aux besoins du couple, notamment selon les signes de stabilisation thérapeutique. L’auteur donne aussi quelques commentaires sur des aspects particuliers du contre-transfert. En préliminaire, il présente le lien d’amour inconscient comme la base de la relation de couple et ensuite cinq lignes directrices pour comprendre la dynamique des couples et l’insérer dans un registre psychanalytique. Il différencie : la transmission générationnelle, la distribution des rôles en famille, les modalités de lien, le niveau structurel et le point de vue de l’adaptation. Selon ces lignes directrices, il peut développer un schéma diagnostique qui me permet de comprendre des configurations psychodynamiques importantes et de décider quelle sorte de perspective thérapeutique peut être pratiquée, de conceptualiser l’évolution et les progrès dans le processus thérapeutique.
La haine de la descendance ou le fantasme de la bombe à retardement
Authors: Talpin Jean-Marc
Published: April 2012

Résumé Diverses situations culturelles et cliniques nous confrontent au fantasme (ici appelé « fantasme de la bombe à retardement ») du vieillard ou du sujet en fin de vie de détruire post mortem sa famille soit en la privant d’héritage soit au contraire en effectuant des révélations traumatiques. Ce fantasme est exploré dans ses causes (narcissisme, emprise, angoisse de mort, haine vis-à-vis des survivants) et dans ses conséquences sur chacun et sur l’appareil psychique familial.
Le jeu en thérapie familiale psychanalytique
Authors: Granjon Evelyn
Published: April 2012

Résumé Le jeu en famille est signe d’un bon fonctionnement de l’ Appareil Psychique Familial  : ancré dans la culture, il est en rapport avec la « pensée familiale », aide à la construction de la temporalité et participe à la transmission psychique. Le jeu apparaît comme régulateur et organisateur de la vie psychique familiale. C’est une activité récréative et créative qui se joue dans les relations familiales et trouve sa source dans les liens familiaux. Les jeux en famille permettent que se raconte une histoire pour que se dise l’histoire : ils participent à la fonction mythopoïétique du groupe. Cependant, certaines familles semblent avoir perdu leurs possibilités de jouer ou en paraissent incapables. Tristesse, agir répétitifs et violence remplacent sourires et dires. La Thérapie Familiale Psychanalytique permet à ces familles, dans un espace groupal et grâce à un travail psychanalytique, de retrouver leurs capacités de représentation et leurs qualités ludiques, conditions nécessaires d’un bon fonctionnement psychique de chacun et de l’ensemble.
Travail du jeu et retissage d'un roman familial quand la filiation paternelle est désertée
Authors: Loncan Anne
Published: April 2012

Résumé En se référant aux théories de la psychanalyse familiale, l’auteur présente la place que prend le jeu dans ce cadre, où il s’insère naturellement comme expérience de l’intersubjectivité. À travers l’exemple d’une famille monoparentale « amputée d’une lignée », sont présentés certains fragments décisifs pour l’élaboration psychique groupale. La construction du soi familial en sera favorisée, pour peu que le déni ait fait place à la reconnaissance de la douleur originaire liée à l’expérience esthétique, ici concomitante de la perte des origines du côté paternel.
Sacrifier les sacrifices de la guerre
Authors: Hauerwas Stanley , Chalamet Christophe
Published: April 2012

Résumé Réfléchir sur les aspects moraux de la guerre a peu d’impact sur le déroulement concret d’une guerre, bien qu’il soit toujours important de travailler la notion de guerre juste. La guerre a fasciné notre imaginaire, si bien que pacifisme et non-violence posent mal le problème. Pour James, supprimer la guerre requiert que l’on préserve les vertus inhérentes à la guerre. Dans cet article, il s’agit plutôt de montrer la nécessité de sacrifier notre refus de tuer. Le malaise chrétien face à la guerre est, en réalité, d’ordre liturgique. En Amérique, le sacrifice de soi est une donnée centrale de la religion civile. Les chrétiens doivent se rappeler que le seul critère du vrai n’est pas ce pour quoi il vaut la peine de tuer, mais ce pour quoi il vaut la peine de mourir. Il n’y a pas de manière plus éthique de conduire une guerre. L’alternative chrétienne est liturgique et ecclésiale. Le Christ a « englouti » l’acte de tuer de sorte que nous puissions vivre à nouveau en paix. Nous ne sommes donc plus condamnés à tuer.
La notion néotestamentaire de diakonia
Authors: Nebel Mathias
Published: April 2012

Résumé La notion néotestamentaire de diakonia a été mal interprétée, si bien qu’une relecture de cette notion à la lumière de l’avènement en Jésus Christ du règne du Messie attendu par Israël s’impose. Ajoutons que la diakonia a acquis une consistance théologique spécifique. Elle n’est pas le simple « service des tables » popularisé par la pratique pastorale. Selon Beyer, il s’agit d’un amour humble et diligent pour le prochain, spécialement le plus démuni. En Allemagne, l’Église a développé plusieurs institutions nouvelles sur la base de cette acception. La traduction de Collins crée une efflorescence de nouvelles significations (action salvifique, service eucharistique, serviteur souffrant, etc.). Plusieurs péricopes évangéliques sont à travailler : Mc 10, 41-45 ; Lc 22, 24-27 ; Jn 18, 33-37 et Mt 25. Diakonia ou diakonein désignent la mission du Christ en tant qu’il accomplit le service du Père. Il convient de reparcourir l’exercice du pouvoir en Israël tel que le rapporte l’Ancien Testament : le roi d’Israël est roi comme diakon . Le Jésus de Matthieu se situe évidemment dans la lignée davidique. Sa Passion représente une diaconie royale paradoxale. L’Église participe de la diaconie du Christ. Le texte du lavement des pieds en Jn 13 est, à cet égard, le texte de référence. C’est ici que se construit la synonymie entre diaconia et ministerium . Mt 25 fonde ce que nous appelons aujourd’hui l’option préférentielle pour les pauvres.
Les dirigeants des entreprises familiales en France, 1970-2010
Authors: Daumas Jean-Claude
Published: April 2012

Résumé Le capitalisme familial a longtemps eu mauvaise réputation mais, depuis les années 1990, de nombreuses recherches ont abouti, dans tous les pays, à sa réhabilitation : non seulement les firmes familiales sont les plus nombreuses mais leurs performances sont supérieures à celles des entreprises managériales. L’objectif de cet article est de cerner la spécificité des dirigeants familiaux par rapport aux managers salariés en s’interrogeant sur l’influence de l’union structurelle de la famille et de l’entreprise sur leurs comportements dans deux domaines : l’exercice du pouvoir dans l’entreprise et le mode de gestion. L’article ne substitue pas un discours systématiquement laudateur fondé sur l’accumulation de success stories à l’image caricaturale de dirigeants familiaux globalement défaillants, mais vise à en comprendre la logique dans toute sa complexité. Il est centré sur les grandes entreprises pour une double raison : la documentation les concernant est plus abondante que pour les PME et leur importance a longtemps été sous-estimée.
Les petits patrons en France au 20e siècle ou les atouts du flou
Authors: Zalc Claire
Published: April 2012

Résumé Les petits patrons ont pendant longtemps fait figure de parents pauvres de l’historien(ne) contemporanéiste. Il serait erroné d’en dire autant aujourd’hui : depuis trente ans, le vide historiographique a commencé d’être comblé. Cet article se présente comme un bilan des travaux qui ont contribué à renouveler l’histoire du petit patronat en France au 20 e  siècle sous l’influence, notamment, des autres sciences sociales. Les connaissances accumulées abordent un certain nombre de questions : le rapport au politique et à l’État, la thématique des mobilités sociales ou encore le rôle des réseaux et insertions sociales dans le fonctionnement des petites entreprises. Mais l’ensemble des travaux se heurte à la même difficulté : l’hétérogénéité essentielle du monde des petits patrons. Quêtes d’unité et de reconnaissance, porosités des frontières, malléabilité des structures, le petit patronat se définit par son flou qui n’est pas sans présenter un certain nombre d’atouts.
The plight of absent fathers caused by migrant work: Its traumatic impact on adolescent male children in Zimbabwe
Authors: Nyanjaya Ananias K. , Masango Maake J.
Published: April 2012

This article revealed the degree of trauma experienced by male adolescents when their fathers are absent. The cost of this absence could not be balanced with the material benefits the children have enjoyed, for the benefits have been outweighed by the trauma that children experience in the absence of their fathers. The emotions and tears expressed during the research journey have revealed that material support cannot compensate for the love and presence children expect from their fathers. The deep hurt instilled in their hearts by the periods of absence angered them and led to traumatic experiences. The protracted period of living with only one primary caregiver has imprisoned them into the feminised environment, thereby robbing them of a male identity. Therefore, this article was devoted to creating a shepherding model of caring for boys whose fathers are absent.
A rare case of peripheral T-cell lymphoma in 1-year-old child
Authors: Kandakumar Vignesh , Ganesan Prasanth , Bajpai Peush , Rajendranath Rejiv , Tenali Sagar , Majhi Urmila , Sivaprakasam Ponni
Published: April 2012

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) represents approximately 12% of lymphoid neoplasms. They are even rarer in children and represent only 1% of Non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma in this age group. We report a case of PTCL in a 1-year-old female child for its rarity.
Deliquescence, efflorescence, and phase miscibility of mixed particles of ammonium sulfate and isoprene-derived secondary organic material
Authors: Smith M. L. , Bertram A. K. , Martin S. T.
Published: April 2012

Abstract. The hygroscopic phase transitions of ammonium sulfate mixed with isoprene-derived secondary organic material were investigated in aerosol experiments. The organic material was produced by isoprene photo-oxidation at 40% relative humidity. The low volatility fraction of the photo-oxidation products condensed onto ammonium sulfate particles. The particle-phase organic material had oxygen-to-carbon ratios of 0.67 to 0.74 for mass concentrations of 20 to 30 μg m−3. The deliquescence, efflorescence, and phase miscibility of the mixed particles were investigated using a dual arm tandem differential mobility analyzer. The isoprene photo-oxidation products induced deviations in behavior relative to pure ammonium sulfate. Compared to an efflorescence relative humidity (ERH) of 30 to 35% for pure ammonium sulfate, efflorescence was eliminated for mixed aqueous particles having organic volume fractions ε of approximately 0.6 and greater. Compared to a deliquescence relative humidity (DRH) of 80% for pure ammonium sulfate, the DRH steadily decreased for increasing ε, approaching a DRH of 40% for ε of 0.9. Parameterizations of the DRH(ε) and ERH(ε) curves were as follows: DRH(ε)= Σ i ci,d xi valid for 0 ≤ ε ≤ 0.86 and ERH(ε)= Σ i ci,e xi valid for 0 ≤ ε ≤ 0.55 for the coefficients c0,d= 80.67, c0,e = 28.35, c1,d= −11.45, c1,e = −13.66, c2,d = 0, c2,e = 0, c3,d = 57.99, c3,e = −83.80, c4,d = −106.80, and c4,d = 0. The molecular description that is thermodynamically implied by these strongly sloped DRH(ε) and ERH(ε) curves is that the organic isoprene photo-oxidation products, the inorganic ammonium sulfate, and water form a miscible liquid phase even at low relative humidity. This phase miscibility is in contrast to the liquid-liquid separation that occurs for some other types of secondary organic material. These differences in liquid-liquid separation are consistent with a prediction recently presented in the literature that the bifurcation between liquid-liquid phase separation versus mixing depends on the oxygen-to-carbon ratio of the organic material. The conclusions are that the influence of secondary organic material on the hygroscopic properties of ammonium sulfate varies with organic composition and that the degree of oxygenation of the organic material, which is a measurable characteristic of complex organic materials, is an important variable influencing the hygroscopic properties of mixed organic-inorganic particles.
Robust optimization methodologies for water supply systems design
Authors: Marques J. , Cunha M. C. , Sousa J. , Savić D.
Published: April 2012

Abstract. Water supply systems (WSSs) are vital infrastructures for the well-being of people today. To achieve good customer satisfaction the water supply service must always be able to meet people's needs, in terms of both quantity and quality. But unpredictable extreme conditions can cause severe damage to WSSs and lead to poorer levels of service or even to their failure. Operators dealing with a system's day-to-day operation know that events like burst water mains can compromise the functioning of all or part of a system. To increase a system's reliability, therefore, designs should take into account operating conditions other than normal ones. Recent methods based on robust optimization can be used to solve optimization problems which involve uncertainty and can find designs which are able to cope with a range of operating conditions. This paper presents a robust optimization model for the optimal design of water supply systems operating under different circumstances. The method presented here uses a hydraulic simulator linked to an optimizer based on a simulated annealing heuristic. The results show that robustness can be included in several ways for varying levels reliability and that it leads to more reliable designs for only small cost increases.
Mid-Pliocene climate modelled using the UK Hadley Centre Model: PlioMIP Experiments 1 and 2
Authors: Bragg F. J. , Lunt D. J. , Haywood A. M.
Published: April 2012

Abstract. The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) project is a sub-project of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) whose objective is to compare predictions of the mid-Pliocene climate from the widest possible range of general circulation models. The mid-Pliocene (3.3–3.0 Ma) is the most recent sustained period of greater warmth and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration than the pre-industrial times and as such has potential to inform predictions of our warming climate in the coming century. This paper describes the UK contribution to PlioMIP using the Hadley Centre Model both in atmosphere-only mode (HadAM3, PlioMIP Experiment 1) and atmosphere-ocean coupled mode (HadCM3, PlioMIP Experiment 2). The coupled model predicts a greater overall warming (3.3 °C) relative to the control than the atmosphere-only (2.5 °C). The Northern Hemisphere latitudinal temperature gradient is greater in the coupled model with a warmer equator and colder Arctic than the atmosphere-only model, which is constrained by sea surface temperatures from Pliocene proxy reconstructions. The atmosphere-only model predicts a reduction in equatorial precipitation and south Asian monsoon intensity whereas the coupled models shows and increase in the intensity of these systems. Sensitivity studies using alternative boundary conditions for both the Pliocene and the control simulations are presented, which indicate the sensitivity of the mid-Pliocene warming to uncertainties in both pre-industrial and mid-Pliocene climate.
ENERGETSKA POTENCIJALNOST GEOTERMALNIH RESURSA I MOGUĆNOST NJIHOVOG KORIŠTENJA ZA TOPLIFIKACIJU GRADA BIJELJINE
Authors: Đurić Neđo , Radovanović S.
Published: April 2012

Energetska kriza često prisutna u različitim oblicima, stvara prostora za korištenje „manje značajnih“  vidova energije. Jedan od tih vidova energije je geotermalna energija, koja se može koristiti u mjestu njenog postojanja, za različite energetske svrhe. Veoma je prihvatljiva i najčešće povoljnije cijene u odnosu na komercijalne vidove energije koja je danas u širokoj primjeni.

Područje Semberije karakteriše prisustvo geotermalne energije, koja je veoma perspektivna a malo iskorištena. Povremene energetske krize osvježe razmišljanja o mogućnosti njenog korištenja, prvenstveno za potrebe toplifijacije grada Bijeljine. Tako se danas pedesetak godina od prvih istražnih bušotina koje su konstatovale prisustvo ove energije, krenulo u realizaciju projekta toplifikacije grada Bijeljine sa geotermalnom energijom.

Geotermalna potencijalnost je dovoljna za toplifikaciju grada, ali i korištenja toplotne energije za druge svrhe, prvenstveno privredne i sportsko-rekreacione. Pored ekonomskih efekata značajni su i ekološki efekti, zbog smanjenja emitovanja štetnih gasova, prvenstveno CO2 u atmosferu.
POTENCIJAL UGLJEVA ŽEPAČKO-NOVOŠEHERSKOG BASENA NA PRIMJERU LEŽIŠTA „BREZOVE DANE“
Authors: Isabegović Jasmin , Šabović Almir , Isaković Hamo
Published: April 2012

Interes za pojave ugljeva na širem području Novog Šehera je prisutna duži niz godina ali  eksploatacija nije ostvarena. Značajna detaljnija istraživanja su posljednji put izvedena u periodu 1982 i 1988. godine, i finansirali su ih „Natron“ iz Maglaja i Rudnik mrkog uglja „Đurđevik“ iz Đurđevika. Na osnovu interesa investitora, detaljna geološka istraživanja i elaboriranja rezervi uglja ovog područja su uglavnom vršena na jednom manjem  području – sjeveroistočnom dijelu bazena, u ležištu „Brezove Dane“.

U ovom radu dat je pregled rezultata dosadašnjih istraživanja te dodatno data procjena kvaliteta uglja izvršena metodom krigovanja uz korištenje savremenih računarskih softvera i odgovarajuću geostatističku obradu  s ciljem potvrde ekonomske opravdanosti eksploatacije ležišta „Brezove Dane“.
АНАЛИЗА УТИЦАЈНИХ ФАКТОРА КОД ИЗБОРА ТЕХНОЛОШКОГ ПРОЦЕСА ПОДЗЕМНОГ ОТКОПАВАЊА УГЉЕНИХ СЛОЈЕВА
Authors: Триван Jelena
Published: April 2012

Проблематика обрађена у овом раду посвећена је дефинисању поступка избора технолошког процеса подземног откопавања угљених слојева веће дебљине у сложеним природно-геолошким условима. На основу разматраног методолошког приступа извршена је практична систематизација технолошког процеса подземног откопавања и детаљна разрада елемената система откопавања и вођења откопавање. Уже подручје истраживања су подземни рудници угља у Србији.