bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Miego arterijų pakitimų paplitimas tarp sergančiųjų periferine okliuzine arterijų liga
Authors: Builytė Inga Urtė , Kavaliauskas Povilas , Vilkevičius Gintaris Lionginas
Published: August 2015

Reikšminiai žodžiai: miego arterijos, susiaurėjimas, periferinių arterijų liga. Tikslas. Įvertinti hemodinamiškai reikšmingo miego arterijų susiaurėjimo paplitimą tarp sergančiųjų simptomine periferinių arterijų okliuzine liga, nustatyti galimus šios patologijos išsivystymo rizikos veiksnius. Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Retrospektyvinis tyrimas atliktas Vilniaus universiteto ligoninės Santariškių klinikų Kraujagyslių rekonstrukcinės ir endovaskulinės chirurgijos centre 2011 01 01–2012 12 31. Nagrinėti pacientai, sirgę periferinių arterijų okliuzine liga, kuriems buvo atliktas ultragarsinis dvigubas miego arterijų skenavimas. Įvertinti jų demografiniai, kardiovaskulinės rizikos veiksniai bei apatinių galūnių ir miego arterijų anatominiai ypatumai. Duomenys apdoroti SPSS 20 programa. Rezultatai. Ištirti 254 ligoniai, iš kurių 78,7 proc. buvo vyrai ir 21,3 proc. – moterys. Vidutinis pacientų amžius – 68,28 metų (SD ± 10,18). Visiems ligoniams nustatyta III ar IV stadijos pagal Fontaine periferinių arterijų arterijų liga. Vieno kraujagyslės segmento pažeidimu sirgo 63,7 proc. pacientų (n = 156), polisegmentiniu – 36,3 proc. (n = 98). Vidutinis pažeistos kojos žasto–kulkšnies indeksas buvo 0,453 (SD ± 0,188). Hemodinamiškai reikšmingu (70–99 proc. susiaurėjimas ir 100 proc. okliuzija) miego arterijų susiaurėjimu sirgo 13,4 proc. pacientų (n = 34). Atlikus statistinę analizę nustatytos pacientų grupės, kuriose hemodinamiškai reikšmingas miego arterijų susiaurėjimas pasitaikė dažniau: sergant femoropoplitinio segmento okliuzine liga (p = 0,045), tarp pacientų, patyrusių insultą ir miokardo infarktą (p = 0,001 ir p = 0,024), bei tarp pacientų, kurių žasto–kulkšnies indeksas < 0,4 (p = 0,048). Išvados. Hemodinamiškai reikšmingas miego arterijų susiaurėjimas pasitaiko dažnai (13,4 proc.) tarp sergančiųjų periferinių arterijų okliuzine liga. Dvigubo skenavimo pagalba reikia tirti visus pacientus, sergančius periferinių arterijų liga, ir ypač tuos, kurie yra persirgę miokardo ar smegenų infarktu ir kurių žasto–kulkšnies indeksas yra mažiau nei 0,4.
Psichikos sutrikimais sergančių pacientų padarytos nusikalstamos veikos sunkumą lemiančių veiksnių analizė
Authors: Burba Benjaminas , Paberžytė Justina , Palačionytė Jolita
Published: August 2015

Reikšminiai žodžiai: nusikalstama veika, psichikos sutrikimai, priverstinis gydymas, nusikalstamos veikos sunkumas. Tyrimo tikslas. Įvertinti nusikalstamą veiką ir jos sunkumą lemiančius veiksnius bei ryšį su psichikos sutrikimais. Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Tyrimo metu retrospektyviai išnagrinėtos VšĮ Rokiškio psichiatrijos ligoninėje 2010–2013 metais teismo sprendimu priverstinai gydytų visų pacientų ligos istorijos. Tyrimo objektas – 302 pacientų ligos istorijos. Tyrimo metu vertinta pacientų pagrindinė klinikinė diagnozė, nusikalstama veika ir jos sunkumas, asmens būsena nusikaltimo metu, amžius pirmojo teistumo metu, ankstesnis priverstinis, ambulatorinis ir stacionarinis gydymas, paveldimumas, šeiminė padėtis, išsilavinimas. Statistinė analizė atlikta SPSS statistiniu paketu, 17 versija. Tyrimo rezultatai. Statistiškai reikšmingos priklausomybės nustatytos lyginant tiriamųjų klinikinę diagnozę, lytį, narkotinių medžiagų priklausomybę, psichikos būseną nusikaltimo padarymo metu ir nusikalstamos veikos sunkumą (atitinkamai p = 0,033, p = 0,031, p = 0,001, p = 0,02). Taip pat nustatyta statistiškai reikšminga priklausomybė tarp pacientų, kurie gydėsi ambulatoriškai ir/arba stacionare prieš nusikalsdami, ir nusikalstamos veikos sunkumo (p < 0,001). Išvados. Nesunkius nusikaltimus dažniausiai padaro moterys, pacientai, kuriems diagnozuota šizofrenija, šizotipinis ar kliedesiniai sutrikimai, pacientai su psichikos ir elgesio sutrikimais, vartojantys psichoaktyviąsias medžiagas, ir tie, kurie prieš nusikaltimą gydėsi ambulatoriškai ar stacionare.
Pirmoji klinikinė patirtis lsmu kauno klinikose. 320 pjūvių kompiuterinės tomografijos angiografija diagnozuojant apatinių galūnių arterijų ligas
Authors: Laukaitis Martynas , Buitkus Mantas , Velička Linas , Lukoševičius Saulius , Kaupas Rytis Stasys , Levulytė Rasa
Published: August 2015

Reikšminiai žodžiai: arterijų pažeidimas, kompiuterinės tomografijos angiografija, invazinė angiografija. Darbo tikslas. Nustatyti, ar 320 pjūvių kompiuterinė tomografijos angiografija yra patikimas ir tikslus tyrimas nustatant arterijų stenozės laipsnį, esant periferinių arterijų ligai apatinėse galūnėse. Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Įtraukimo kriterijai: pacientai, sergantys periferinių arterijų liga, kuriems atlikta 320 pjūvių kompiuterinės tomografijos angiografija ir invazinė angiografija per mažiau nei 2 savaičių laikotarpį, kuriems tuo laikotarpiu nebuvo taikytas operacinis ar intervencinis gydymas; pakankamos kokybės kompiuterinės tomografijos angiografijos vaizdai. Rezultatai. Įtraukimo kriterijus atitiko ir buvo vertinami 275 apatinių galūnių arterijų segmentai. Invazinės angiografijos tyrime 0–49 proc. stenozė nustatyta 161 segmente (58,5 proc.), 50–69 proc. stenozė – 14 segmentų (5,1 proc.), 70–99 proc. stenozė – 22 segmentuose (8 proc.), 100 proc. okliuzija – 78 segmentuose (28,4 proc.). Kompiuterinės angiografijos tomografijos tyrime 0–49 proc. stenozė nustatyta 162 segmente (58,9 proc.), 50–69 proc. stenozė – 9 segmentuose (3,3 proc.), 70–99 proc. stenozė – 32 segmentuose (11,6 proc.), 100 proc. okliuzija – 72 segmentuose (26,2 proc.). 320 pjūvių kompiuterinės tomografijos angiografijos rezultatai, palyginti su invazine angiografija, sutapo 216 segmentų (78,5 proc.), kappa = 0,63. 320 pjūvių kompiuterinės tomografijos angiografijos jautrumas ir specifiškumas diagnozuojant kliniškai reikšmingą stenozę (> 50 proc.) buvo atitinkamai 90,4 proc. ir 94 proc. 320 pjūvių kompiuterinės tomografijos angiografijos jautrumas nustatant didesnę nei 70 proc. stenozę buvo 91 proc., specifiškumas – 93 proc. Išvados. Mūsų tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad apatinių galūnių 320 pjūvių kompiuterinės tomografijos angiografija nustatyti pakitimai atitiko invazinės angiografijos rezultatus. Nustatyta, kad 320 pjūvių kompiuterinės tomografijos angiografija yra jautrus ir specifiškas tyrimas nustatant arterijų stenozes.
Pirmieji multicentrinės perspektyvinės studijos „uždegimo žymenų reikšmė skubiam ūminio pankreatito sunkumo įvertinimui“ rezultatai
Authors: Karpavičius Andrius , Šileikis Audrius , Gradauskas Audrius , Dambrauskas Žilvinas , Brimas Gintautas , Činčikas Jonas , Mečkovski Artur , Narmontas Deividas , Strupas Kęstutis
Published: August 2015

Reikšminiai žodžiai: ūminis pankreatitas, prognozavimas, C-reaktyvus baltymas, hematokritas. Darbo tikslas. Nustatyti CRB ir hematokrito prognostines galimybes, prognozuojant ūminio pankreatito eigą. Medžiaga ir metodai. Multicentrinė perspektyvinė studija buvo vykdoma keturiose Vilniaus ir Kauno gydymo įstaigose. Tirtas ūminiu pankreatitu sirgusių pacientų kraujo serumas 1-ą ir 3-ią hospitalizacijos parą, siekiant nustatyti CRB ir hematokrito vertes. Remiantis atnaujintu Atlantos sutarimu, visi pacientai buvo suskirstyti į tris grupes pagal ligos eigą: lengvo, vidutinio sunkumo ir sunkaus ūminio pankreatito. CRB ir hematokrito vertės lygintos tarp grupių, ir, braižant ROC kreives, nustatytos kritinės reikšmės, kuriomis remiantis galima prognozuoti sunkios eigos ūminį pankreatitą. Rezultatai. Tyrime dalyvavo 102 ūminiu pankreatitu sirgę pacientai. Iš jų lengvu ūminiu pankreatitu sirgo 27 (26,5 proc.), vidutinio sunkumo – 55 (53,9 proc.) ir sunkiu – 20 (19,6 proc.) asmenų. Nustatyta, jog kritinė CRB reikšmė, statistiškai patikimai atskirianti sunkų ūminį pankreatitą nuo lengvo bei vidutinio sunkumo, trečią hospitalizacijos parą yra 301,1 mg/l (jautrumas 70,7 proc., specifiškumas 80 proc., AUC 0,79). Pirmą hospitalizacijos parą sunkios eigos pankreatitą patikimai atskiria ribinė 44,3 proc. hematokrito vertė (jautrumas 68,3 proc., specifiškumas 85 proc., AUC 0,77). Išvados. Hematokritas yra gana ankstyvas ir tikslus žymuo, diferencijuojantis sunkų ūminį pankreatitą nuo lengvo bei vidutinio sunkumo. CRB ankstyvam prognozavimui nelabai tinka, nes geriausiomis prognostinėmis savybėmis pasižymi praėjus kelioms paroms nuo susirgimo pradžios.
Neovaskulinės amžinės geltonosios dėmės degeneracijos gydymo ranibizumabu 24 mėnesių morfologiniai ir funkciniai pokyčiai
Authors: Balčiūnienė Vilma Jūratė , Lažaunykaitė Rosita
Published: August 2015

Key words: ranibizumab, age-related macular degeneration, central macular thickness. Research objective. To evaluate influence of treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor, ranibizumab, for best corrected visual acuity and central macular thickness in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Materials and methods. In this retrospective study were included treatment – naive patients. Intravitreal injections were performed at Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics Eye clinic. In this study were analysed the 24-month morphological and functional outcomes of intravitreal ranibizumab injections. Best corrected visual acuity was meassured using the Snellen chart (Landolt’s rings C optotypes). Optical coherence tomography images were obtained using the spectral – domain OCT (NIDEK RS – 3000 Advance (NIDEK CO LTD, Japan). The central thickness measurements were obtained from macular thickness maps using the digital caliper tool. Results. In this study were included 88 patients. Best corrected visual acuity before treatment was 0.36 ± 0.22. The difference between visual acuity before and after first injection was 0.04 ± 0.22 (p = 0.03). Before fifth injection visual acuity was 0.41 ± 0.21, after – 0.46 ± 0.22 (p = 0.05). Central macular thickness before treatment was 297.81 ± 106.04 μm. The difference between central macular thickness before and after first injection was 85.21 ± 113.37 μm (p < 0.001). Before second injection central macular thickness was 273.57 ± 87.49 μm, after – 234.51 ± 58.96 μm (p = 0.002). Before fourth injection central macular thickness was 237.20 ± 40.87 μm, after – 219.10 ± 42.26 μm (p = 0.04). The mean central macular thickness significantly decreased from 298.15 ± 104.78 to 229.08 ± 56.57 (p < 0.001). In 24 month of treatment the average number of ranibizumab injections was 3.61 ± 1.55. Conclusions. Our study’s results showed that over 24 month best corrected visual acuity improvement was statistically significant after first and fifth injection. Baseline compared with last injection, there was not statistically significant difference. Central macular thickness improvement statistically significant was after first, second and fourth injection. There was statistically significant decreased baseline compared with the last injection. The mean number of ranibizumab injections was 3.61 ± 1.55 in 24 month.
Patelofemoralinio skausmo sindromo vaizdinimas
Authors: Brazaitis Andrius , Tamošiūnas Algirdas , Tutkus Vytautas , Tutkuvienė Janina
Published: August 2015

Reikšminiai žodžiai: kelio sąnarys, girnelės-šlaunikaulio sąnarys, patelofemoralinio skausmo sindromas, magnetinio rezonanso tomografija. Skausmas priekinėje kelio sąnario dalyje yra dažnas pacientų skundas. Ši problema turi didelę socialinę ir ekonominę reikšmę, nes dažniausiai paveikia jaunus ir aktyvius žmones [1]. Dažnis siekia 15–33 proc. suaugusiųjų populiacijoje, 21–45 proc. – paauglių [2, 3]. Nepaisant susirgimo dažnumo ir klinikinių simptomų gausumo, jo etiologija ir diferencinė diagnostika, remiantis tik klinikiniais požymiais, išlieka sudėtinga. Dalies etiologiją pavyksta išsiaiškinti lengvai – tai trauma, raiščių ar sausgyslių plyšimas, tepalinių maišelių uždegimas, likusių diferencinei diagnostikai reikalingi įvairūs radiologiniai tyrimai. Radiologinis kelio sąnario ištyrimas prasideda nuo rentgenogramų – greito, pigaus ir gana efektyvaus tyrimo metodo. Jose galima nustatyti lūžimus, osteoartritą, osteochondrinį pažeidimą, patinimą [2]. Daugiasluoksnio kompiuterinio tomografo ir trimačių rekonstrukcijų pagalba galima nustatyti smulkius lūžimus, kurių nesimato rentgeno nuotraukose [3]. Magnetinio rezonanso tomografija (MRT) yra pasirinkimo metodas įtariant meniskų, raiščių, kremzlės, raumenų ir sausgyslių pažeidimą arba jei nepakanka informacijos paprastesniuose tyrimuose [3]. MRT laikomas auksiniu standartu kelio sąnario radiologiniuose tyrimuose ir mūsų praktikoje sudaro per 50 proc. visų raumenų ir skeleto MRT tyrimų. Vis daugiau pacientų kreipiasi dėl kelio sąnario MRT tyrimo, todėl detalios kelio sąnario anatomijos ir patologijos žinios svarbios tinkamam tyrimui ir gydymui pasirinkti. Skausmo priekinėje sąnario dalyje klasifikacijos yra įvairios. Jackson ir kolegos [4] skausmo priežastis suskirstė į aiškias (židininiai pažeidimai nustatomi kliniškai ir radiologiškai) ir neaiškias (funkcines/dinamines). Tuo tarpu Post [5] skausmą priekinėje sąnario dalyje suskirstė pagal pobūdį: pastovų, susijusį su fiziniu krūviu, aštrų, nepastovų. Anatominis suskirstymas yra praktiškiausias, nes sujungia visas struktūras į vieną mechanizmą [6]. Priežastys gali būti ekstrasąnarinės ir intrasąnarinės. Šio straipsnio tikslas – apžvelgti skausmo priekinėje kelio sąnario dalyje priežastis, apibūdinti pakitimus, matomus magnetinio rezonanso tomografijos vaizduose.
Are the Requirements for Teacher’s Competence set by University Administration and Students Similar?
Authors: Razmaitė Danguolė , Dagys Džeraldas
Published: August 2015

As the educational paradigm undergoes changes, new challenges for performance and competence of higher education institution teachers arise. The article deals with theRequirements for teacher’s competence set by university administration and students, and whether these requirements are similar. In the beginning, definitions of teacher’s competence dealt with in scientists’ papers are reviewed, the structure of teacher’s competence is discussed. The article explores the requirements for teacher’s competence set by university administration and students. The research carried out shows that nevertheless there is a divide between requirements for teachers’ competence set by university students and university administration. It should be noted that university administration pose requirements which are regulated on the national level of the Republic of Lithuania, i.e. provisions of the Law on Higher Education and Studies of the Republic of Lithuania; whereas the definitions of competences investigated by scientists remain as a theoretical construct, a scientific outcome. The requirements set by students include these teachers’ competences (pedagogical, meta-learning, technical, etc.) which interact with the efficiency and quality of the teaching process.
Informatization of education and person - oriented principle: how to teach everyone in a similar way but differently
Authors: Korol Andrey D.
Published: August 2015

The contents of the given article reveals pedagogical basics of dialogization of student’s education due to informational educational technologies, development of heuristics student’s skills to realize the personal approach in education. The person-oriented sense of telecommunications in the educational process is the opportunity for the pupil to create “one’s own” in the dialogue with “other people’s”, to develop an individual educational path.
Teacher-Parent Cooperation and Pupils’ Achievements in the Perception of Adult Respondents (Based on the Example of Secondary Schools)
Authors: Musiał Ewa
Published: August 2015

The school’s main objective is to provide broad and comprehensive development of a pupil considering both educational (teaching) and protective aspects. Not only a pupil– teacher but also a parent-teacher vital cooperation is needed in order to achieve school’s goals and objectives. The dialogue between pupils, teachers and parents is indeed extremely important and should be kept going systematically throughout pupil’s education. Without the cooperation between teachers and parents, accordingly to the assumption: “We (teachers) teach-parents help, parents raise – we (teachers) help. Nothing about us, without us”, the effective school improvement cannot be realized. Ultimately, the communication between school and home is necessary to determine child’s best interests. The school-home cooperation and the increasing knowledge and awareness in this area is significantly important for the future analysis in carrying out educational researches.
Role of S180L polymorphism in etiology of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum in a small group of Pakistani population
Authors: Nawaz Syed Kashif , Ahmed Bisma , Arshad Najma , Rani Asima , Rasool Hamadia , Arshad Muhammad
Published: August 2015

The aim of our study was to investigate the role of S180L polymorphism in modulation of acquisition of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum in a small group of Pakistani population. A total of 133 individuals including 60 controls and 73 patients of malaria, caused by Plasmodium falciparum, were genotyped using allele-specific PCR. Ninety-two samples successfully demonstrated the PCR amplification results, while forty-one samples could not be genotyped due to failure in PCR amplification.  The allele frequency for S180L polymorphism was deviant from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) of the population under observation. Association was found between the observed polymorphism and the occurrence of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum (p = 0.01). Chances of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum were low in CC genotype carriers in comparison to other genotypes (Odds ratio: 0.3016; 95% CI: 0.124-0.729). The present findings suggest that S180L polymorphism is important in modulating the probability of acquisition of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum in Pakistani population. The CC genotype plays a protective role in local population against this type of malaria.
Crossing Gender Boundaries or Challenging Masculinities? Female Combatants in the Kenya Defence Forces’ (KDF) War against Al-Shabaab Militants
Authors: Ombati Mokua
Published: August 2015

Few institutions have historically presented more defined gender boundaries than the military. This study examines gender and war through the lens of military combat roles. Military combat roles have traditionally relied on and manipulated ideas about masculinity and femininity. Women arrive in the army with different types of capital and bring with them a shared cultural ‘tool kit’ (womanhood). Following the military’s labour allocation process, they are assigned combat roles, which is at variance to their gendered character. Assignment in non-traditional feminine roles means crossing gender boundaries. Ethnographic studies of the Kenya Defence Forces operations in Somalia reveal the different gendered characteristics of the military roles as reflected in the women’s soldiery experiences. The encounter with military power and authority challenges the women soldiers to redefine their feminine capital, to interpret the military reality via a gendered lens and, therefore, to critically (re)examine the patriarchal order. Grounded on the twin theoretical frameworks of socio-cultural capitals and cultural scripts, and structured on a gender framing of women’s military roles, the study illustrates the complex and contradictory realities of women in the army. The study unpacks the relationship between masculinity and femininity, and, war and the military. It underpins the value of the female soldier as a figurative illustration of the complex interrelations between the gendered politics of masculinity and femininity. It considers what the acts, practices and performances constitutive of female soldiering reveal about particular modes of governance, regulation and politics that arise from the sacrifices of soldiers in combatant.
Canulação de fístulas arteriovenosas pela técnica de botoeira: estudo de caso
Authors: Silva Dejanilton Melo , Gurgel Jonas Lírio , Escudeiro Cristina Lavoyer
Published: August 2015

Objetivo: Descrever o caso de um paciente portador de doença renal crônica (DRC) submetido à canulação de fístulas arteriovenosas pela técnica de botoeira para tratamento por hemodiálise, comparando-o com casos submetidos à técnica convencional de acesso vascular. Método: estudo de caso clínico de paciente adulto, homem, portador de DRC, realizado em Centro de Diálise do município de São Gonçalo, RJ, entre março e maio de 2014, cujos dados foram analisados à luz da literatura científica. Resultados: três meses após o emprego da técnica de canulação por botoeira não foram observadas complicações; o paciente referiu redução da dor durante o procedimento, e o membro em que se encontra a fístula está esteticamente íntegro. Discussão: Resultados de estudos comparativos das duas técnicas mostram-se divergentes, embora se apontem como principais benefícios da técnica de botoeira a diminuição da sensação de dor; prolongamento da vida útil da FAV; redução de sangramentos e de hematomas
Estimação do volume aparente de colmos de Bambusa oldhamii e Bambusa vulgaris
Authors: Sanquetta Carlos Roberto , Sanquetta Mateus Niroh , Dalla Corte Ana Paula , Rodrigues Aurélio Lourenço , Mognon Francelo
Published: August 2015

O Brasil possui grande potencial de cultivo de espécies autóctones e introduzidas de bambu. Contudo, são poucos os trabalhos científicos que versam sobre aspectos biométricos dessas plantas, o que pode representar uma limitação para seu manejo e utilização. Assim, objetivou-se com esse artigo apresentar opções para estimativa do volume total aparente de duas espécies do gênero Bambusa: B. oldhamii e B. vulgaris, plantadas em experimento estabelecido em dezembro de 2008 em Pinhais-PR. Vinte e quatro colmos foram cubados aos 50 meses pelo método de Smalian. Os diâmetros à altura do peito -DAP variaram de 1,8 a 4,5 cm e as alturas de 3 a 7 m. As opções testadas para estimar o volume aparente dos colmos foram: 1) Modelo convencional de volume de Schumacher-Hall; 2) Modelo de afilamento polinomial de 5o grau; 3) Modelo de afilamento polinomial de potência fracionária; e 4) Fator de forma. As opções foram examinadas estatisticamente em relação aos valores observados da variável de interesse para cada espécie e para o conjunto de ambas. Verificou-se que as quatro opções proporcionam estimativas precisas. Não houve diferença estatística entre as quatro abordagens em relação à testemunha (valores observados) pelo teste t pareado. Os resíduos (valores observados x estimados) se mostram homocedásticos, com amplitude máxima de -30 a 30%. Concluiu-se que os quatro métodos avaliados podem ser utilizados para estimar a variável de interesse nas condições do material experimental. O modelo de Schumacher-Hall representa o melhor compromisso entre simplicidade e acurácia.
Avaliação técnica e operacional de sistema de beneficiamento de trigo operando na região norte do Paraná
Authors: Kolling Evandro Marcos , Trogello Emerson , Modolo Alcir Jose
Published: August 2015

A cultura do trigo apresenta importância no âmbito nacional e internacional. Em nível de Brasil a mesma vem apresentando crescimento em área, produtividade e consequentemente em produção. Este crescimento, no entanto, não é acompanhado pelos processos de beneficiamento de grãos, os quais apresentam, por vezes limitações no processo de limpeza, secagem e armazenamento. Dessa forma, objetivou-se com esse trabalho analisar técnica e operacionalmente uma unidade de beneficiamento e armazenagem de grãos de trigo situada na região norte do Estado do Paraná, com vistas à identificação e avaliação de equipamentos, procedimentos operacionais e pontos de estrangulamento. O estudo abrange etapas referentes à pré-limpeza, secagem, limpeza e armazenamento de grãos da cultura do trigo. O procedimento geral dos testes foi baseado na determinação das características iniciais, decorrentes e finais dos produtos e das operações de beneficiamento, a fim de determinar o rendimento e eficiência dos equipamentos dispostos ao longo do sistema. Observou-se condições inadequadas de manutenção de uma série de equipamentos. A segregação do produto nas moegas ocorre sem levar em consideração a amostragem de entrada do produto. O número de moegas existentes fornece apenas condições à recepção de diferentes produtos, fato que condiciona a formação de lotes de grãos com caracteres divergentes, vindo a influir negativamente ao longo de todo o processo. O sistema de secagem e limpeza apresentou, ainda, rendimento insatisfatório. Conclui-se que, a unidade amostrada não está de acordo com caracteres técnicos, gerando perdas quantitativas e qualitativas nos grãos de trigo.
Época de semeadura de híbridos de milho forrageiro colhidos em diferentes estádios de maturação
Authors: Mendes Marcelo Cruz , Gabriel André , Faria Marcos Ventura , Rossi Evandrei Santos , Júnior Omar Possatto
Published: August 2015

Época de semeadura e ponto de corte de plantas de milho forrageiro são fatores importantes na produção de forragem de alto rendimento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a participação dos componentes da planta em diferentes épocas de semeadura e estádios de colheita, em híbridos comerciais de milho recomendados para produção de forragem. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com três repetições, esquema fatorial 4x2, sendo quatro híbridos de milho (P30B39H, DKB245, 2B688H e DKB330Y) e duas épocas de semeadura (outubro e novembro). O experimento foi conduzido no município de Guarapuava, PR. As avaliações foram realizadas nos estádios R4 e R5, sendo avaliados a porcentagem em matéria seca da folha (PPFOL), colmo (PPCOL), brácteas e sabugo (PPSAB), e grãos (PPGR) por meio de fracionamento da planta. O hibrido DKB245 apresentou menor participação de folhas, colmo, brácteas e sabugo, e maior participação de grãos nos estádios reprodutivos grãos farináceos e grãos farináceos duros, independente da época de semeadura. Com o avanço do estádio reprodutivo grãos farináceos para grãos farináceos duros houve elevação do percentual de grãos nos híbridos avaliados e redução na participação de folhas, colmos, brácteas e sabugo, nas duas épocas de semeadura (outubro e novembro). No estádio grãos farináceos duros os genótipos avaliados foram menos influenciados pelo efeito da época de semeadura, tendo maior participação de grãos para todos os genótipos, sendo a época indicada para a colheita da forragem.
Crescimento da soja influenciado pela adubação nitrogenada na cultura, pressão de pastejo e épocas de dessecação de Urochloa ruziziensis
Authors: Franchini Julio Cezar , Balbinot Junior Alvadi Antonio , Debiasi Henrique , Conte Osmar
Published: August 2015

O sistema integração lavoura-pecuária é uma das principais alternativas para a diversificação de sistemas de produção. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de pressões de pastejo em Urochloa ruziziensis, de épocas de dessecação desta, em relação à semeadura da soja e da adubação na cultura com nitrogênio (N), sobre o crescimento e acúmulo de N pelas plantas de soja. Foram estudadas três alturas de manutenção da pastagem de U. ruziziensis, pastejada de forma contínua por seis meses (15; 35 e 50 cm), além da ausência de pastejo, constituindo quatro experimentos. Foi utilizado o delineamento de blocos completos casualizados, com parcelas subdivididas e três repetições. Nas parcelas, foram alocadas quatro épocas de dessecação da pastagem (35; 28; 20 e 8 dias antes da semeadura da soja) e, nas subparcelas, a adubação nitrogenada na soja (ausência e 30 kg ha-1 de N na forma de sulfato de amônio, aplicados a lanço, na semeadura). A pressão de pastejo teve pouca influência no crescimento e acúmulo de N na parte aérea da soja. O aumento do intervalo entre a dessecação da pastagem e a semeadura da soja proporcionou maior crescimento e acúmulo de N na cultura no início do ciclo de desenvolvimento, mas no estádio de pleno florescimento essas diferenças não foram significativas. A adubação com N mineral na soja proporcionou maior crescimento e acúmulo de N somente no início do ciclo de desenvolvimento, mas no estádio de pleno florescimento não houve diferença entre a aplicação ou não de fertilizante nitrogenado.
The contribution of germination functional traits to population dynamics of a desert plant community
Authors: Huang Zhenying , Liu Shuangshuang , Bradford Kent J. , Huxman Travis E. , Venable D. Lawrence
Published: August 2015

Early life‐cycle events play critical roles in determining the population and community dynamics of plants. The ecology of seeds and their germination patterns can determine range limits, adaptation to environmental variation, species diversity, and community responses to climate change. Understanding the adaptive consequences and environmental filtering of such functional traits will allow us to explain and predict ecological dynamics. Here we quantify key functional aspects of germination physiology and relate them to an existing functional ecology framework to explain long‐term population dynamics for 13 species of desert annuals near Tucson, Arizona, USA. Our goal was to assess the extent to which germination functional biology contributes to long‐term population processes in nature. Some of the species differences in base, optimum, and maximum temperatures for germination, thermal times to germination, and base water potentials for germination were strongly related to 20‐yr mean germination fractions, 25‐yr average germination dates, seed size, and long‐term demographic variation. Comparisons of germination fraction, survival, and fecundity vs. yearly changes in population size found significant roles for all three factors, although in varying proportions for different species. Relationships between species’ germination physiologies and relative germination fractions varied across years, with fast‐germinating species being favored in years with warm temperatures during rainfall events in the germination season. Species with low germination fractions and high demographic variance have low integrated water‐use efficiency, higher vegetative growth rates, and smaller, slower‐germinating seeds. We have identified and quantified a number of functional traits associated with germination biology that play critical roles in ecological population dynamics.
Social Technology: A Compendium of Short Cases
Authors: Considine Brett , Krahel John Peter , Lenk Margarita M. , Janvrin Diane J.
Published: August 2015

Seven short cases highlight the need for organizational control of the use of social technology. Executives now consider the management of social technology strategies and risks to be their fourth highest priority, investing significant resources to develop effective social technology use policies (Carrick et al. 2013; Deloitte 2012; Feltham and Nichol 2012). Moreover, organizations vary their social technology investment choices depending on their objectives and their target audiences (AICPA 2013; Gallaugher and Ransbotham 2010; Kaplan and Haenlein 2010). A wide variety of case learning objectives involve applying internal control models, and developing and justifying opinions about how social technology uses and abuses affect operational, financial reporting and regulatory compliance objectives, risks, controls, and performance-monitoring activities. Instructors may utilize one or more of these cases at a time, either individually or in student groups, and in undergraduate or graduate financial accounting, accounting information systems, governance, or auditing courses.
Using Process Mapping to Reveal Process Redesign Opportunities during ERP Planning
Authors: Bradford Marianne , Gerard Gregory J.
Published: August 2015

The objectives of the Elizor Case are to give students experience with business process analysis by requiring them to first document an “as is” raw materials purchasing process during the planning for an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system implementation and then to have students determine issues inherent in the process that will necessitate process redesign. Students will learn the difference between two types of process redesign—business process reengineering (BPR) and business process improvement (BPI)—synthesize this knowledge in order to identify process issues inherent in the case, and suggest process redesigns that an ERP system will need to provide so that the purchasing process is more efficient, effective, and controlled. The case has broad appeal for faculty teaching ERP systems and/or business process management.
Evaluation of a point-of-care blood test for identification of Ebola virus disease at Ebola holding units, Western Area, Sierra Leone, January to February 2015
Authors: Walker N F , Brown C S , Youkee D , Baker P , Williams N , Kalawa A , Russell K , Samba A F , Bentley N , Koroma F , King M B , Parker B E , Thompson M , Boyles T , Healey B , Kargbo B , Bash-Taqi D , Simpson A J , Kamara A , Kamara T B , Lado M , Johnson O , Brooks T
Published: August 2015

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Sexual and prevention practices in men who have sex with men in the era of combination HIV prevention: results from the Presse Gays et Lesbiennes survey, France, 2011
Authors: Velter A , Saboni L , Sommen C , Bernillon P , Bajos N , Semaille C
Published: August 2015

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Changing hepatitis A epidemiology in the European Union: new challenges and opportunities
Authors: Gossner C M , Severi E , Danielsson N , Hutin Y , Coulombier D
Published: August 2015

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Landscape and climatic characteristics associated with human alveolar echinococcosis in France, 1982 to 2007
Authors: Piarroux M , Gaudart J , Bresson-Hadni S , Bardonnet K , Faucher B , Grenouillet F , Knapp J , Dumortier J , Watelet J , Gerard A , Beytout J , Abergel A , Wallon M , Vuitton D A , Piarroux R , the FrancEchino network collective
Published: August 2015

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The microbiological quality of water in fish spas with Garra rufa fish, the Netherlands, October to November 2012
Authors: Schets F M , van den Berg H H , de Zwaan R , van Soolingen D , de Roda Husman A  M
Published: August 2015

In fish spas, clients may submerge their hands, feet or whole body in basins with Garra rufa fish, for dead skin removal. Skin infections may result from using these spas, transmitted from fish to clients, through either fish or water, or from client to client. The microbiological water quality was determined in 24 fish spas in 16 companies in the Netherlands through analysis of a single water sample per fish spa. Water samples were tested for the presence of Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, nontuberculous mycobacteria, and faecal indicator bacteria by using standard culture methods. The majority of the examined fish spas contained Aeromonas spp. (n?=?24), P. aeruginosa (n?=?18), Vibrio spp. (n?=?16) including V. cholerae non-O1/O139 and V. vulnificus, and several rapid growing Mycobacterium spp. (n?=?23) including M. fortuitum, M. conceptionense, M. abscessus and M. chelonae. Faecal contamination of the fish spa water was low. Based on the detected concentrations of Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp., and P. aeruginosa, the detected Mycobacterium spp., and the health implications of these bacteria, the health risk from using fish spas is considered limited for healthy people with an intact skin and no underlying disease.
Post-vaccine measles in a child with concomitant influenza, Sicily, Italy, March 2015
Authors: Tramuto F , Dones P , D’Angelo C , Casuccio N , Vitale F
Published: August 2015

We describe the occurrence of measles in an 18 month-old patient in Sicily, Italy, in March 2015, who received the first dose of a measles-containing vaccine seven days before onset of prodromal symptoms. Measles virus infection was confirmed by PCR and detection of specific immunoglobulin; viral genotyping permitted the confirmation of a vaccine-associated illness. The patient had a concurrent influenza virus infection, during a seasonal epidemic outbreak of influenza.
Outbreak of invasive pneumococcal disease at a Belfast shipyard in men exposed to welding fumes, Northern Ireland, April–May 2015: preliminary report
Authors: Patterson L , Irvine N , Wilson A , Doherty L , Loughrey A , Jessop L
Published: August 2015

We report an outbreak of four confirmed cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in individuals occupationally exposed to welding fumes, at a Belfast shipyard (Northern Ireland). All cases were hospitalised. A high-risk sub-group of 679 workers has been targeted for antibiotic prophylaxis and pneumococcal vaccination. Physicians and public health institutions outside Northern Ireland should be alert to individuals presenting with pneumonia or IPD and recent links to the shipyard, to facilitate early assessment and treatment.
A prolonged outbreak of invasive meningococcal disease in an extended Irish Traveller family across three Health Service Executive (HSE) areas in Ireland, 2010 to 2013
Authors: O’Connor L , Ward M , Bennett D , Mulhall R , O’Lorcain P , Cunney R , McDermott R , Neville E , Heslin J , FitzGerald R , Meyler K , Conlon M , Clarke A , Corcoran B , Fitzpatrick G , O’Connor B , Flanagan P , O’Flanagan D , Cotter S
Published: August 2015

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Performance of case definitions for influenza surveillance
Authors: Jiang L , Lee V J , Lim W Y , Chen M I , Chen Y , Tan L , Lin R T , Leo Y S , Barr I , Cook A R
Published: August 2015

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Systematic review of fever, febrile convulsions and serious adverse events following administration of inactivated trivalent influenza vaccines in children
Authors: Li-Kim-Moy J , Yin J K , Rashid H , Khandaker G , King C , Wood N , Macartney K K , Jones C , Booy R
Published: August 2015

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Genetic analyses of GII.17 norovirus strains in diarrheal disease outbreaks from December 2014 to March 2015 in Japan reveal a novel polymerase sequence and amino acid substitutions in the capsid region
Authors: Matsushima Y , Ishikawa M , Shimizu T , Komane A , Kasuo S , Shinohara M , Nagasawa K , Kimura H , Ryo A , Okabe N , Haga K , Doan Y H , Katayama K , Shimizu H
Published: August 2015

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Early intervention in pertussis outbreak with high attack rate in cohort of adolescents with complete acellular pertussis vaccination in Valencia, Spain, April to May 2015
Authors: Míguez Santiyán A , Ferrer Estrems R , Chover Lara J L , Alberola Enguídanos J , Nogueira Coito J M , Salazar Cifre A
Published: August 2015

Forty-three pertussis cases reported in May 2015 in Valencia were linked to a school outbreak where 90% of the students had been vaccinated. Cases were diagnosed upon paediatrician consultation and in hospital emergency units. Approximately half of the cases were students born in 2002, the first age cohort with complete shift to acellular pertussis vaccine. Public health intervention, visiting school premises to conduct interviews, sample collection and early antibiotic prophylaxis stopped further spread in the community.
Eleventh Annual Brown Lecture in Education Research
Authors: Anderson James D.
Published: August 2015

This article examines the historical relationship between political power and the pursuit of education and social equality from the Reconstruction era to the present. The chief argument is that education equality is historically linked to and even predicated on equal political power, specifically, equal access to the franchise and instruments of government. Following the Civil War and the collapse of the slaveholding aristocracy, the nation faced an unusual opportunity to reinvent itself by incorporating a new concept of equal citizenship in the postbellum Constitution. Despite the new constitutional guarantees of due process and equal protection under the law, Congress failed to establish equal access to the instruments of government. Following a protracted and intense debate over race, equality, and voting rights, the leaders of the Reconstruction Congress decided not to establish the most important guarantee of equality, that is, equal access to the elective franchise protected by federal constitutional authority. The failure to transfer the regulation of the elective franchise from the respective states to Congress sowed the seeds for the ultimate disenfranchisement of African Americans and left their pursuit of education equality in the hands of state governments committed to segregation and inequality. This critical decision casts a long shadow over the pursuit of education equality from Reconstruction to the present, including current efforts by several states to disenfranchise voters.
Theorizing Rural Transformation Through Bourdieuian Lenses: Trumping Dominant Models With Sustainable Indigenous Practices
Authors: Agbenyega Joseph Seyram
Published: August 2015

Education for rural transformation requires a critical analysis and appraisal of policies and education programmes, and skills development that can lead to thec reation of sustainable jobs for rural people. This paper will examine and analyze how inclusion or exclusion manifests for rural people, and will do so with Pierre Bourdieu's socio-critical theoretical framework that provides a three pronged (Habitus, Capital and Field), but unified approach that can be utilized to theorize education for rural transformation. Bourdieu draws our attention to three interactive ways of conceptualizing and understanding inclusion, exclusion, marginalization, disadvantage and transformation via: 1) the objective, physical, outright rejection in community due to the ways individuals are positioned and named in that community (field); 2) overt or covert denial of social, economic and cultural goods (capital), and 3) the inside subjective world, the space of thought, mind, attitudes, idea and interiority, which Bourdieu referred to as habitus (Bourdieu, 1990, 1996, 1998 & 1999). The paper provides a socio-critical framework for educators of how to work with rural people to enhance their living standards.
ERT Challenges in the Post-2015 Era
Authors: Ahmed Manzoor
Published: August 2015

This paper provides a background to the on-going discourse on post-2015 global development agenda. It mentions key points from the UN Secretary General's report on MDG progress and the process of formulating the future development agenda. The recommendations of the High Level Panel on post-2015 agenda and the work of the Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) are examined from the perspective of Education for Rural Transformation (ERT). It is concluded that the premise and rationale of ERT has received scant attention in the future development agenda discourse. The arguments regarding the pertinence of ERT in combating poverty and promoting sustainable development are noted, drawing on the recent UNESCO- INRULED study on this topic.
Cultural Gap in Education: Making Education Unresponsive to the Local Needs
Authors: Parajuli Mahesh Nath
Published: August 2015

Nepal’s School Sector Reform Program (SSRP) that guided the education development initiatives in the country during the period 2009-15 envisioned that by 2015 “a student has basic life skills to co-exist in the competitive contemporary, global society” (Ministry of Education and Sports, 2008, p. 17).  Going further, the Program also noted that its goals are built on “EFA Framework of Action” (p. 18).  The global orientation of the reform program was thus very clear.  Envisioning to prepare the children for global society and following an EFA framework emphasize the global orientation of Nepali education.  The SSRP was not the only plan with global orientation; the first Nepali education development plan prepared in 1955 also had the same orientation.  The plan had written “we have become a part of the world, whether we like it or not.  We can no longer remain isolated; the world has come to us.  How can we meet this world without education?” (Pandey, K. C., & Wood, 1956, p. 83).  The global orientation was thus not a new phenomenon in Nepali education and the dream towards becoming international has been there in Nepali education consistently.  Continuing with the same dream, SSRP presented the strategy of competitive and contemporary global education for Nepal and Nepalis. 
Relevance of German Political Foundations for Comparative Educational Research
Authors: Adick Christel , Giesemann Maria
Published: August 2015

German political foundations, mainly Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) and Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS), have a long tradition of political activism in Germany as well as internationally. Founded after the Second World War, their mission was and is the promotion of democracy and civic education. Likewise, they pursue these educational goals abroad, where they have been active for over 50 years. But despite many years of experience in the field of political education across borders, the foundations have hardly been noticed in educational research. Therefore, an international audience shall be made aware of the unique characteristics of the German party related political foundations as actors in the world. This article will address the international dimensions of these organizations: how they operate across borders and what they offer in their educational dimensions. This will show their close entanglement with the official German foreign policy and with the political parties to which they are affiliated in Germany.
La participation des francophones dans le Corps expéditionnaire canadien (1914–1919) : il faut réviser à la hausse
Authors: Martin Jean
Published: August 2015

Résumé :

L'enrôlement des francophones dans le Corps expéditionnaire canadien a toujours été estimé entre 20 000 et 35 000 par les historiens. Ces évaluations ne reposaient malheureusement sur aucune donnée réellement fiable. Cet article tente de montrer que ces chiffres sont largement sous-évalués et que la participation des francophones a en fait probablement été près de deux fois supérieure à la perception qui prévaut depuis un siècle. En l'absence de dénombrement précis des enrôlés francophones, il sera démontré que (1) il est impossible que le Québec ait fourni plus qu'une proportion relativement faible de soldats anglophones parmi sa contribution et (2) qu'un bien plus grand nombre de soldats francophones qu'on l'a généralement estimé provenaient en fait de l'extérieur du Québec. Par l'analyse des dossiers de la Commonwealth War Graves Commission, on verra également que plus de 3 000 soldats francophones ont perdu la vie en France et en Belgique pendant la guerre, ce qui laisse supposer qu'environ vingt fois plus ont pu porter l'uniforme.
A simple model to evaluate ice melt over the ablation area of glaciers in the Central Karakoram National Park, Pakistan
Authors: Minora U. , Senese A. , Bocchiola D. , Soncini A. , D’agata C. , Ambrosini R. , Mayer C. , Lambrecht A. , Vuillermoz E. , Smiraglia C. , Diolaiuti G.
Published: August 2015

This study provides an estimate of fresh water derived from ice melt for the ablation areas of glaciers in the Central Karakoram National Park (CKNP), Pakistan. In the CKNP there are ~700 glaciers, covering ~4600 km2, with widespread debris cover (518 km2). To assess meltwater volume we applied a distributed model able to describe both debris-covered and debris-free ice ablation. The model was calibrated using data collected in the field in the CKNP area and validated by comparison with ablation data collected in the field, independent of the data used in building the model. During 23 July–9 August 2011, the mean model-estimated ablation in the CKNP was 0.024 m w.e. d–1 in debris-covered areas and 0.037 m w.e. d–1 in debris-free areas. We found a mean error of +0.01 m w.e. (corresponding to 2%) and a root-mean-square error equal to 0.09 m w.e. (17%). According to our model, the ablation areas of all the glaciers in the CKNP produced a water volume of 1.963 km3 during the study period. Finally, we performed several sensitivity tests for assessing the impact of the input data variations.