bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A AULA DE LEITURA E A LEITURA NA AULA
Authors: Couto Maria Elizabete Souza , Andrade Jamile Barros
Published: April 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar como as professoras-alfabetizadoras estabelecem as relações entre os estudos sobre leitura nas sessões de formação e em sala de aula. Tivemos como objeto de estudo a leitura em sala de aula. A pesquisa realizada teve uma abordagem qualitativa, com a participação de duas professoras-alfabetizadoras. Para a produção do material empírico utilizamos fichas de observação nas sessões de formação e nas aulas das professoras-alfabetizadoras e entrevistas. Na formação houve o desenvolvimento de práticas de leitura, ora centradas na Orientadora de Estudos, ora nos professores-alfabetizadores, o mesmo acontecendo em sala de aula. Como produto dessa pesquisa, planejamos sequências didáticas, que foram realizadas em sala de aula com o objetivo de desenvolver a compreensão leitora, sinalizando possibilidades do uso das estratégias antes, durante e depois da leitura. Nas sessões de formação eram vivenciadas práticas de leitura, no entanto, não havia o momento para fazer as reflexões/mediações que permitissem uma ampliação do seu conhecimento, visto que reproduziam, no trabalho pedagógico, uma relação ingênua sobre a leitura. Por fim, a formação ainda não rompeu com a ideia de que a leitura se aprende apenas com e pelo prazer, sem enfatizar a necessidade de um trabalho com as estratégias e práticas de leitura para desenvolver as competências leitoras, tanto nos professores quanto em seus alunos.
A Gestão do Processo Educacional da Pessoa com Deficiência: a legislação e a formação do professor
Authors: Hammes Lúcio Jorge , Selau Bento , Roncato Luciane Lakus
Published: April 2018

Este artigo traz resultados de um processo de pesquisa e intervenção que teve como objetivo qualificar o processo de gestão educacional na Escola Especial José Luiz Piúma das pessoas com deficiência em Jaguarão, Rio Grande do Sul. Os estudos partiram das leis referentes à educação especial no Brasil, leituras de Paulo Freire e seus pressupostos teóricos. A metodologia utilizada foi a intervenção pedagógica, desenvolvida através de cinco encontros em que os professores refletiram, dialogaram e aprofundaram conhecimentos, em busca de alternativas para qualificar o processo educacional. Os achados evidenciaram que os professores se sentem capazes para aprimorar sua prática, identificando problemas, apontando soluções e agindo quando lhes couber resolver.
Effects of food supplementation on the nesting dynamics of wild northern bobwhite
Authors: Buckley Byron R. , Andes Alicia K. , Dabbert C. Brad
Published: April 2018

Avian females with food limitation or are unable to meet nutritional requirements could result in negatively influenced egg size, nest initiation date, nesting season duration, and clutch size. Northern bobwhites Colinus virginianus serve as an adequate model species for supplemental feeding studies because of prolific nesting and re‐nesting behavior. We monitored females on treatment and control units to determine if food supplementation influenced: 1) nest initiation, nesting duration, and nesting attempts, 2) nesting success, and 3) egg volume and clutch size. We radio‐marked 196 female bobwhites during the breeding season of 2011 and 2012. Hens with access to supplemental feed produced 0.86 and 1.60 nest per hen while hens on control sites produced 0.15 and 0.81 nest per hen during the 2011 and 2012 nesting season, respectively. Average nest initiation varied slightly between treatment and control; though, average nesting season length was 16 and 31 days longer on treatment units. This benefit indicates females with access to food supplementation were in better physical condition compared to females on control units. However, nest success (β = ‐0.03, SE = 0.40), clutch size (t=‐0.37, p = 0.70), and average intra‐clutch egg volumes (β =‐0.06, SE = 0.20) (t=0.50, p= 0.61) were unaffected by food supplementation. Total net productivity estimates showed more chicks per hen were produced on treatment sites [ = 2.34, SE = 0.04 (2011); = 5.75, SE = 0.12 (2012)] than control units [ = 0.61, SE = 0.001 (2011); = 3.47, SE = 0.13 (2012)]. Our results suggest that bobwhites with access to supplemental feed broadcast into roadside vegetation throughout the breeding season can potentially increase nesting attempts which may result in increased production and offset population fluctuations due to drought conditions.
EFEKTIVITAS SERBUK DAUN TANAMAN KAYU MANIS (Cinnamomum burmanii) TERHADAP DIFERENSIAL LEUKOSIT DAN AKTIVITAS FAGOSITOSIS IKAN NILA (Oreochoromis niloticus) YANG DIINFEKSI Streptococcus agalactiae
Authors: Wulandari Sri , Jumadi Rahmad , Fika Rahmawati Firma
Published: April 2018

The main problem in the cultivation of tilapia is the attack of bacterial disease Streptococcosiscaused by Streptococcus agalactiae bacteria. Alternative measures to prevent the disease ofStreptocococis can be through the use of phytopharmaca materials. One of the ingredients ofphytopharmaca can be used is cinnamon plant. Cinnamon leaves contain several types of activesubstances such as tannins, eugenol, safrole, calcium oxalate, resin, saponins, tanners, andsinamaldehid. The objective of the study of effectiveness of leaf powder of cinnamon plant toleukocyte differential and phagocytic activity in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) infected byStreptococcus agalactiae is to know the influence and dosage of cinnamon leaf powder in feedtoLeukocyte Differentiation and Phagocytosis Activity Postcainfection Streptococcus agalactiaein tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This research used 3treatment 4 replication and control withdose K- = challenge test, K+ = without test challenge, A = dose 0,25%, B = dose 0,5%, C = 1%.The parameters observed are Leukocyte Differential and Phagocytosis Activity. Dosage 0.5%addition of leaf powder cinnamon plant on feed is the best dose. Giving of cinnamon leaf powderin feed influenced to increase of leukocyte difference especially on monocyte cell and neutrophilcell was significantly different (P>0,05) than K+ without addition of cinnamon leaf powderwhile phagocytic activity had an effect on Streptococcus agacatiae.
Pengaruh Toksisitas Timbal Asetat Pb(CH3COO) Dan Kepadatan Terhadap Perubahan Warna Dan Persentase Anakan Jantan Kutu Air Daphnia sp.
Authors: Putera Ariestyanto Eka , Rahmad Rahim Andi , Rahmawati Firma Fika
Published: April 2018

Pb (CH3COO) was a metal that could accumulated in organisms tissue. Pb contents in organismstissue increased by increasing of Pb (CH3COO) concentration in the water and the durationorganisms that live in water pollution by Pb (CH3COO). It is caused organisms did not regulatedby Pb (CH3COO) one that turns in at organisms body. Daphnia sp.are sensitive to the chemicalin the waters ecology and has an important role in the ecology of freshwater as the first of trophiclevel in the waters ecology. The objective of this study was to obtain information about effect theconcentration of heavy metals Pb (CH3COO) in differences densities of Daphnia sp.to colorchanges and percentage of male larvae Daphnia sp. This research design uses factorial cmpleterandoms design. The main parameter in this research is color changing and male larvae on theDaphnia sp. While supporting parameters in this research is water quality (temperature, pH,amonia and DO). The result of research indicates that the heavy metal Pb (CH3COO) withdifferent concentration to the adult female Daphnia sp. showed significantly difference (p<0,05)of the Daphnia sp. color change, the highest density of Daphnia sp. (400 Daphnias) with heavymetal concentration 3.16 mg/l.
PERENCANAAN PENJADUALAN KANTOR GEDUNG PT GRESIK JASATAMA DENGAN METODE FUZZY LOGIC APPLICATION FOR SCHEDULING
Authors: Huda Arif Miftakul
Published: April 2018

CV. Mukti Jaya Abadi adalah perusahaan dibidang General Contraktor and Suplier, selama ini perusahaan dalam menjadualkan proyek didasari oleh analisa kepala proyek dan estimator proyek, hasilnya terdapat ketidakpastian terhadap waktu penyeleseian proyek.Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan pendekatan yang tepat untuk menentukan waktu proyek,dalam hal ini metode fuzzy mampu memberikan penyelesaian yang baik untuk hal-hal yang bersifat tidak pasti. Fuzzy Logic Aplication for Scheduling (FLASH) merupakan metode yang tepat untuk mengakomodasi ketidak pastian. FLASH tidak mensyaratkan data statistic tetapi hanya pengamatan secara kualitatif.Hasil akhir yang diperoleh menunjukan proyek dapat diseleseikan kisaran 119 hari sampai 221 hari dengan waktu paling mungkin 163 hari dengan nilai defuzzyfikasi 170 hari.
THE IMPACT OF REGULATORY POLICY FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL PROJECTS TO THE COUNTRY INNOVATIONAL POLICY OF UKRAINE
Authors: Shkoda Mаriana S.
Published: April 2018

Introduction and goal of the research. In today's difficult economic and political conditions in the country, the project team's consideration of the political factor is a necessary requirement. Despite the fact that political problems have an indirect effect on national economies, they can have a significant impact on the activities of economic actors. The purpose of this article is to analyze the influence of the government sector on the development and implementation of international educational projects in the system of innovative development of the country; to determine the coefficients of elasticity and coefficients in order to determine the effect of regression factors on the resulting indicator, which allowed to define the formulation of scientifically substantiated proposals for improving the efficiency of innovation activity.Methods of research. In this work, methods of statistical analysis were used to compare the development of innovation activity and the implementation of innovative projects in Ukraine over the past 10 years; economic-mathematical modeling to determine the accuracy of the forecast by calculating the relative error; calculation of the upper and lower bounds of the predicted interval by means of determining the half-width of the interval forecast.Results of the research.In the course of the study, by substituting the values of the arguments into the equation, the author obtained the trend values of the volume of realized innovative products that grow in the last year of the study; the obtained data of the point forecast of regression factors, with the help of synthesized multifactor regression and the obtained data, determined the forecast volume of the realized innovative products for 2019–2020. Calculated the influence of each factor on the effective index, that is, determined the coefficients and parameters of the matrix of free members. From the above calculations, the author concludes that the second largest factor, the sum of the cost of research and development, has the greatest impact on the effective indicator (volume of realized innovative products).Conclusions. It is evident from the data obtained that the share of own funds in financing research and development during the analyzed period decreased from 79.64% to 59.35%. The volume of state financing of innovation activity in Ukraine is insignificant due to the deficit of the state budget. Under these conditions and taking into account the tendencies of the active spread of globalization processes, the diversification of sources of financing for innovation is urgent and necessary, and separate – the attraction of foreign investments for the development and implementation of international scientific and educational international projects, the implementation of which facilitates the intensification of the innovative development of the national economy, which in practice can be manifested in the growth of volumes of realized innovative products.
PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS SERVICES CONTENT: CRITERIA AND COMPONENTS
Authors: Kolumbet Alexander M. , Maximovich N.
Published: April 2018

Introduction. The analysis of the research has established the lack of a clear internal logic in the construction of a set of criteria for classification services in the field of physical culture and sports. A large variety of criteria, on the one hand, provides an opportunity to get acquainted with the various components of the content of services, which is important for solving practical problems, for example, for the development of a strategy of marketing by sports organizations, the definition of target markets, or for the formation of social standards of consumption of services by the state. On the other hand, relying on such approaches to the classification of sports and sports services, it is extremely difficult to solve the tasks of scientific research. First of all, this relates to the scientific analysis of the system of market relations in the field of physical culture and sports, the nature of the functioning of subsystems or individual components of which is determined by the specific features of this or that kind of physical culture and sports services.The purpose of the study is theoretical and methodological justification of the classification of physical culture and sports services in the context of determining the indicators of the impact of the results of professional activities on the field of physical culture and sports.Results. The article analyzes the main approaches to the classification of sports services in order to determine the economic indicators of influence on the industry. The criteria of the classification of physical culture and sports services have been determined, which made it possible to establish a classification of physical culture and sports services, where all services are divided into physical education, physical culture and health, sports training, sports-entertainment, physical education and rehabilitation, which form these services.Conclusions1. It has been considered that the criteria for classification of sports services are: the social significance of needs that are satisfied as a result of the consumption of a particular service; a way of compensation for the use of services; the form of the existence of a particular service; regularity of consumption of services.2. The classification of physical culture and sports services is defined, where all services are distributed to physical education, physical culture, health, sports and fitness, sports training, sports-entertainment, physical education and rehabilitation, and the indicators that form these services.
Composition of Mangrove species in Delta Sumbari River, Bintuni Bay-Papua
Authors: Rahawarin Yohanes Y. , Arwam C. Y. Hans , Mofu Wolfram
Published: April 2018

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The research aims to figure out the structure and composition of mangrove species in the delta of Sumbari River, Bintuni Bay, Papua. Research showed that 13 species from 7 families have the found in this area.  At the tree, sapling, and seedling stages,  Rhizophora apiculata performed the highest density with 100 trees/ha, 50 sapling/ha, and 9167 seedling/ha. The highest frequency was found on trees (0.83),  while at sapling stage of R. apiculata, B. sexangula, and C. tagal (0.33 respectively). At the seedling stage, the highest frequency was found for Ac. speciosum, Ae. corniculatum, B. gymnorrhiza, R. apiculata, and X. granatum (0.33 respectively).
KUALITAS PERAIRAN PESISIR SELATAN PULAU BUNAKEN DITINJAU DARI KONDISI BAKTERIOLOGIS
Authors: Mogea Rina Anita
Published: April 2018

The objective of this research is to analyze the water quality of the south coastal area of Bunaken Island with the existence of bacterial polluter at the time of high tide of the surface of the sea, to identify the content of bacterial polluter, and to analyze the influence of abiotic environment (temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen) on the growth of bacterial polluter.  This research has been conducted in the southern part of the coastal area of Bunaken Island at 6 stations: 1) Tanjung Pasir, 2) the water in front of Kampung Negeri, 3) Likuan, 4) Liang, 5) Tawara, and 6) in front of Alang Banua.

Samples were taken using the purposive sampling method.  In analyzing the water sample to know the content of the bacterial polluter it has used the Most Probable Number (MPN) method with the presumption test by using the media of Lactose Broth (LB) and the confirmed test by using the Brilliant Green Lactose Broth (BGLB), whereas in testing the biochemical bacterial it has used the media of Mac Conkey agar.  The biochemical test has used the Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) agar, Sulfide Indol Motile (SIM), Simmons’s Citrate, Urease, and Lysine Iron Agar (LIA).

The result shows that at the time of high tide the coliform of bacteria and the Escherichia coli are highest at station 6,i.e. MPN/100 ml whereas in low tide the  Escherichia coli  bacteria is highest at station 4,i.e 1100 MPN/100 ml and  Escherichia coli  is the highest at station 6,i.e. 460 MPN/100 ml.  Based on the biochemical test at the south coastal area of Bunaken Island, the following have been founded out:  Escherichia coli, Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, Proteus inconstans and Enterobacter aerogenes. The result shows that the sea water at the surrounding of Bunaken Island has been contaminated by the normal intestinal tract of human beings and animals.  The existence of coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli in the waters is a sign of warning that the water is potential for disease dangerous for human health.

The tested abiotic environmental parameters vary; the temperature is between 26-30oC, salinity is between 34-35%, pH is between 7.8-8.9, and the dissolved oxygen (DO) is between 2.7-7 ppm. The parameters indicate the support of the growth of bacterial polluter.
STUDI DIFUSIVITAS TERMAL PADA MEDIUM TANAH MELALUI PENGUKURAN SUHU
Authors: Subgan Aries Astradhani
Published: April 2018

This study is aimed to analyze the thermal diffusion in medium soil through temperature measurement.  The data of medium soil temperature provide information about the phenomenon of heat transfer at medium soil.  This research will also look for significant differences of thermal diffusion at medium soil in two condition of different covering; it is also seeing by the different soil temperature and pattern change of soil temperature.  The equality two mean tests method (two party tests) was used to see the significance of thermal diffusion. There are significant differences of soil temperature according to covering condition and deepness tested by ANOVA (Varian analysis) in two directions. At the same time there is significance difference about pattern change of soil temperature from time to time according to the covering condition to the deepness used by analysis of fouries. The finilings show that there were significant differences at medium soil for coat of        z (4-6) with condition of difference in covering. Significant difference was also shown by soil temperature according to the condition of covering and deepness.
ESTIMASI PERTUMBUHAN DAYA LISTRIK DI KABUPATEN MANOKWARI DENGAN METODE TREND EKSPONENSIAL
Authors: Rehiara Adelhard Beni
Published: April 2018

Progress and acceleration of the development in the regency of Manokwari can be shown by increasing of power electric in this area; about 1241 kW in 1998 and this value already increase about 4824 kW in 2002. Result of calculation by using exponential trend show equation of line for power demand is Ŷ=2,919,225.399 (1.3786093)X kW and estimation growth of load for year 2014 about 222.702 kW. According to the power plant capacity, until year 2014, condition of electricity in Manokwari has serious problem, with the result power plant machine must be increased for anticipation the power demand
STUDI ETNOBIOLOGI PANDANUS DI PAPUA
Authors: Sadsoeitoeboen Maria Justina
Published: April 2018

A research was carried out to study the diversity of Pandanus in the Papua region.  The aim of the study was to find out how many species of Pandanus were all ready known by the people and used in their daily life. There are 42 species of Pandanus found in Papua. Based on the traditional utilization of the people in the Papua Tribe, Pandanus can be divided into seven group, i.e.:  (1) species which are used for edible fruit, (2) species which are used for floor of houses, (3) species which are used for roofing, (4) species which are used for sleeping mat and rain covering, (5) species used for hunting, (6) species used for medicine, and (7) species which are still unknown
KEANEKARAGAMAN KUPU-KUPU DI TAMAN WISATA GUNUNG MEJA KABUPATEN MANOKWARI
Authors: Panjaitan Rawati
Published: April 2018

This study was done to study the diversity of butterflies and its distribution in the Gunung Meja National Park.  A survey was carried out using transect count or line transect and the classification of Parson was used for habitat distribution.  A number of 96 species of butterflies was encountered from the Family Papilionidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae dan Nyphalidae.  Three types of habitat covered the distribution of the butterflies’ species, i.e. primer forest with 41 species, secondary forest with 83 species, and garden and house yard with 49 species.  Based on the t test, there is a significant differences on the diversity of each habitat (tcount > ttable; p > 0.05).
Jenis Kuskus (Phalangeridae) di Pulau Ratewi Nabire Papua
Authors: Pattiselanno Freddy , Iyai Deny A.
Published: April 2018

Cuscus exploration has been conducted in order to identify the presence of cuscus in Ratewi Island, around the coastal site of Napan Yaur, Nabire, Papua.  The study was designed in descriptive method with case study.  The results indicated that two cuscus species was found, they were Kuskus Coklat (Phalanger orientalis) and Kuskus Bertotol (Spilocuscus maculatus).  
Habitat Ikan Pelangi Arfak (Melanotaenia arfakensis ALLEN) Berdasarkan Tahap Perkembangan di Sungai Nimbai dan Sungai Aimasi, Manokwari
Authors: Manangkalangi Emmanuel , Rahardjo M. F. , Sjafei Djadja S.
Published: April 2018

The habitat ontogeny of arfak rainbowfish (Melanotaenia arfakensis) in Nimbai and Aimasi streams, Prafi river system were studied from June to December 2007.  Sampling was carried out monthly in four different habitat types using hand net. Slow littoral and medium littoral are two habitat types which characterized by slowly water velocity, availability of submerged vegetation and warmer temperature, however the run and pool areas have higher water velocity and dissolve oxygen. The former habitats are essential for all developed stages, i.e. feeding, spawning and nursing of this species. On the other hand, the later habitat types particularly were only for young and adult fish, due to their swimming abilities as well as maximize of oxygen uptake. In order to maintain the population of this species, conservation is needed to all of their natural habitats for continuing their life cycles.
Fragmentasi mtDNA Mambruk Cristata dan Victoria oleh Beberapa Enzim Restriksi
Authors: Kilmaskossu Agust
Published: April 2018

The difference between Goura cristata and Goura Victoria could be distinguished by comparison of the morphology characters than the internal factors.  Internal factors such as genetics characters are required in certain cases to distinguish the bird species. Therefore, a study on the mtDNA of the birds has been done.  Three restriction enzymes have been used to produce fragmentation of mtDNA of the birds and analysis the differences between them.  One of the three enzymes, RsaI, shows a difference in the fragment mtDNA; and could be used as a marker in differentiation of bird species especially in the Goura species.
Pembentukan Lapangan Faktor dari Suatu Daerah Integral
Authors: Widjajanti Tri , Ramlan Dahlia , Hilum Rium
Published: April 2018

Ring of integers under the addition and multiplication as integral domain can be imbedded to the field of rational numbers. In this paper we make  a construction such that any integral domain can be  a field of quotient. The construction contains three steps. First, we define element of field F from elements of integral domain D. Secondly, we show that the binary operations in fare well-defined. Finally, we prove that  f : D ® F is an isomorphisma. In this case, the polynomial ring F[x] as the integral domain can be imbedded to the field of quotient.
Penentuan Nilai dan Waktu Optimal pada Opsi Amerika yang Membayarkan Dividen
Authors: Wyrasti Andi Fajeriani
Published: April 2018

Stablility and equilibrium of malaria epidemics in the district of Manokwari Barat based on SIR epidemic model will be discussed in this paper. The SIR epidemic model can be applied to make a model of endemic diseases like malaria. Based on this research, there are two types of the equilibrium of malaria’s epidemics in Manokwari Barat district which are endemic and non endemic points. 
Pembuatan dan Analisis Bioetanol dari Pati Sagu (Metroxylon Sago) Asal Papua
Authors: Santoso Bimo Budi , Novitasari Lestari Agnes Dyah , Istalaksana Prawatya
Published: April 2018

Preparation and analysis bioethanol of sago (M. sago) from Papua have been carried out. The preparation of bioethanol was conducted by hydrolysis, fermentation, distillation and purification. The length of fermentation applied is 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 days. Bioethanol then was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative analyses were boiling point and molecular weigh determination. Quantitative analyses were determination of the volume of bioethanol content and the composition of bioethanol of every length of fermentation. Based on the qualitative analyses, the sample obtained was ethanol with boiling point of 79 oC and molecular weight of 46 gram/mol. Whereas based on the quantitative analyses, the more length of fermentation, the volume of ethanol obtained and the composition of ethanol increased, with the optimum of the fermentation length was 8 days and the volume ethanol obtained was 123.5 mL, in addition the composition of ethanol at fermentation length of 8 days was 100%.
IDENTIFIKASI JENIS-JENIS PAKAN ALAMI KUSKUS (PHALANGERIDAE) DI PULAU HARITI DISTRIK NAPAN WEINAMI KABUPATEN NABIRE
Authors: Duwiri Fernando , Nunaki Jan H. , Pattiselanno Freddy
Published: April 2018

Possum as a marsupial animal belongs to the family Phalangeridae are spread quite widely on the island of New Guinea. There are many types of possums found in many small islands of Papua, among others, in the coastal areas of Napan Wenami, Nabire.  Hariti Island is one of the group of islands in the District of Napan Weinami.  This study aims to explore the kinds of natural food of possums on the island Hariti. The results of the study shows that there were 21 plant species eaten by possums, consisted of 17 families, where as the family Moraceae have the largest number of species. Plant parts that are consumed is fruit (43%), leaf (24%) and a combination of leaf and fruit (33%).
EKTOPARASIT ACARINA PADA KULIT SISIK ULAR PUTIH (MICROPECIS IKAHEKA) DARI MANOKWARI
Authors: Krey Keliopas
Published: April 2018

Ectoparasites are species of parasites that live on the outer surface of the body of an animal. They grow and are very dependent on the life of the host. The acarina complex includes predaceous mites of infinite variation, mites associated with plants and other animals and using a variety of organic substrates as food. The result from the identification showed that acarina parasite on white snake comes from the order Parasitiformes. The acarina encountered in snake’s skin inhabit the dorsal scales in lanes or take advantage of the gaps between scales from the posterior head to the scales near the cloaca.
Efektivitas Zeolit Alam (� 0,6-1,4 mm) Untuk Mengurangi Kesadahan Airtanah Pada Simple Portable Water Treatment
Authors: Pangkung Yulius Ganti
Published: April 2018

Groundwater is a source of clean water which is most widely used in human life. Groundwater can’t be used without even known quality. Therefore, in each of exploitation of groundwater, groundwater quality needs to get special attention in despite of its quantity. Hardness is include of the ground water quality element.This research aims to determine the relationship of grain size, porosity, permeability, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the time of usage of zeolite as an adsorbent to the effectiveness of groundwater hardness on Simple Portable Water Treatment. This research is using laboratory experimental methods for 30 day trial period. Results of analysis and evaluation of experimental data shows that: 1)Grain size can effecting  to adsorb capacity the hardness of the groundwater. 2) Degradation of natural zeolite capability cation exchange after its use as an adsorbent hardness of groundwater, which is on average, the degradation amounted to 14,2665mg.eqNa2O/100 zeolite and the zeolite activation at 15,364 mg.eqNa2O/100 zeolite. 3) Expire time of this zeolite as groundwater hardness adsorbent was 12 days, while the time limit of the use of zeolite as an adsorbent hardness of the groundwater in the City Manokwari (average hardness of 1855.72 mg/l) was 5 days for the volume of zeolite 1914.38 cm3.
AN ASSESSMENT OF TOBACCO EXCISE ADMINISTRATION PRACTICES IN INDONESIA
Authors: Nauly Yudhi Dharma
Published: April 2018

The global economic slowdown has unquestionably brought down the performance of the Indonesian economy. This, in turn, presented an extraordinary challenge to the Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DGCE) in collecting excise revenues. In the last few decades, tobacco has contributed the largest part of excise revenue. Accordingly, it is inevitable for the DGCE to implement best practices in administrating tobacco excise to optimize revenue collection, while at the same time, enhance public health. Conveniently, The World Health Organization (WHO) provides a series of extensive best practices in that particular field. This study assessed tobacco excise administration practices performed by the DGCE against best practices set by the WHO. This study revealed that, in general, the DGCE has performed well in several practices. However, there are some WHO’s best practices which are unsuitable to be implemented in Indonesia. Unique fiscal, economic, political and social circumstances in Indonesia need to be taken into account in determining and establishing tobacco excise tax policy.
MEDICAL TOURISM COMPETITION: THE CASE OF TURKEY
Authors: KILAVUZ Emine
Published: April 2018

Productivity differences between countries lead to gain trade. According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model, differences in labor skills and physical capital between countries cause productive differences and then increases competitive power. In recent years, there has been a rapid growth in the medical services market and related international trade in the world. Turkey is one of the countries with high competitiveness in this market and wants to increase the market volume.Because it has relatively better service quality, the well-equipped hospitals, geographical location and large comparative cost advantage. The aim of this paper is to examine Turkey’s competitiveness as a popular health care destination in the world.               The health sector is a very important sector for developing countries, in terms of both income and employment. It includes many sub-sectors such as hospitals, medical devices, clinical trials. Also, beach tourism and natural resources are important in terms of income and employment but have seasonality problem. In order to the sustainable of the tourism sector,  health tourism is crucial. Turkey aims to increase tourism revenues by differentiating service diversity especially in health tourism areas. With its natural resources, qualified human power and geographical position, Turkey has an important competitive power in health tourism.
Las reglas de arbitraje de la CNUDMI frente al arbitraje en el sistema ecuatoriano
Authors: Donoso Bustamante Ana Carolina
Published: April 2018

Se hace un estudio de derecho comparado entre las reglas de arbitraje de la Comisión de las Naciones Unidas para el Derecho Mercantil Internacional (CNUDMI), establecidas específicamente en el Reglamento de Arbitraje, frente al arbitraje en el sistema ecuatoriano. Se inicia definiendo el concepto de arbitraje, diferenciando el arbitraje internacional del interno. Luego, se hace una referencia histórica de la CNUDMI y del Reglamento de Arbitraje, para continuar con un estudio sobre los antecedentes y el articulado de la Ley ecuatoriana. Finalmente, se hace el cotejo de ambos sistemas, con las consiguientes conclusiones.
Razón y democracia: La potencial renovación del concepto de aristocracia
Authors: Izquierdo Pedro José
Published: April 2018

Existe una relación entre diferentes clases de discusión y losroles que ésta juega en las instituciones del gobierno representativo. Esposible distinguir tres tipos de discusión, que caen en una escaladecreciente según su afinidad con estándares racionales de toma dedecisiones. El argumento es que mientras más se ajuste una discusión aestándares racionales, menos democrática será. Esta tensión entredemocracia y discusión racional es en realidad la tensión entredemocracia y aristocracia, y sugiere un camino para reintroducir laaristocracia como concepto significativo hoy. Sólo admitiendo lanaturaleza aristocrática de la discusión racional es posible preservar elcarácter democrático de una institución.
Riofrío, J.C. & Marín Sevilla, M. (2012). Régimen de competencia. Quito: CEP
Authors: Icaza Ortiz Danilo
Published: April 2018

El presente trabajo realiza una reseña de la obra Régimen de Competencia, de varios autores, publicada con el auspicio de la Universidad de los Hemisferios y la Corporación de Estudios y Publicaciones. Analiza su estructura, sus conceptos generales, y la jurisprudencia tomada para su desarrollo. Incluye comentarios respecto a la utilidad de esta obra para el estudio del Derecho de la Competencia, así como del aporte a los abogados que quieran ejercer en esta rama del Derecho Económico.
Transformaciones judiciales en el Ecuador: El equilibrio de poderes visto a través del análisis de redes sociales
Authors: Guerrero Efrén Ernesto
Published: April 2018

Este texto explora el equilibrio de poderes en la República del Ecuador analizado a través del Social Network Analysis (SNA). Se sostiene que los lazos formales e informales entre los actores del sistema político pueden ser afectados como resultado de una acción de mejora dentro de una parte del Estado. El artículo relata tres elementos esenciales: el aparato teórico del equilibrio de poder en el Estado, un resumen de las acciones de reforma en el sistema judicial ecuatoriano, y un contraste analítico entre los modelos de gobernanza del Estado ecuatoriano después de la reforma de la judicatura, realizada entre el 2010 y el 2014. Para esto, se propone comparar los modelos de balance de poder mediante un software de análisis de red social, del que se obtienen una serie de estadísticas que mostrarían la posibilidad de cambios en las capacidades de rendición de cuentas horizontal del Poder Judicial. Los datos obtenidos muestran una evidencia base de que pequeños cambios en la trama de relaciones gubernamentales tienen amplias consecuencias cuantitativas en el equilibrio de poderes, y se muestran como heurísticas de cambios en la dinámica del poder político. Se concluye indicando que las reformas del sistema judicial han creado un sistema más eficiente pero la centralidad del poder, de acuerdo a los datos obtenidos, pueden generar efectos no deseados en la administración pública y en la estructura de control del poder del Estado.
Neoconstitucionalismo negativo y neoconstitucionalismo positivo
Authors: Battista Ratti Giovanni
Published: April 2018

La expresión “neoconstitucionalismo” es sumamente ambigua: la cultura contemporánea la usa para denotar cosas tan heterogéneas como una forma de estado, una política de activismo judicial, una reconstrucción teórica de los sistemas jurídicos contemporáneos, una metodología jurídica y una adhesión ideológica al derecho. Este trabajo se centra en los aspectos de política jurisprudencial, de teoría del derecho y de metodología jurídica, enfatizando dos posibles perspectivas del neoconstitucionalismo: una negativa que delinea dicha multifacética concepción del derecho como un conjunto de oposiciones a las tesis defendidas por las concepciones dominantes, y otra positiva que pretende haber identificado una serie de “nuevos descubrimientos” en los sistemas jurídicos contemporáneos. En esta versión positiva se examinan ocho tesis: (1) el derecho de los estados constitucionales es una combinación de reglas y principios, (2) reglas y principios son aptos para constituir un conjunto sistematico de normas, (3) las constituciones contemporáneas incorporan valores morales, de manera que habrían creado una conexión relevante entre derecho y moral, (4) tal incorporación implica un deber de interpretar las disposiciones constitucionales mediante una lectura moral, (5) toda norma jurídica es derrotable, (6) algunos estándares jurídicos requieren de un razonamiento ponderativo o de balance, opuesto al tradicional razonamiento subsutivo, (7) interpretando holísticamente las disposiciones jurídicas, los jueces pueden llegar a decidir cualquier controversia, y,  (8) las normas jurídicas no pueden tener cualquier contenido, porque su contenido es determinado en última instancia por juicios morales. El trabajo termina ilustrando aciertos y equivocaciones de cada versión del neoconstitucionalismo.
La fumigación de herbicidas colombiana y el derecho humanitario internacional
Authors: Andrade Cadena Natalia
Published: April 2018

Las fumigaciones de herbicidas han sido hechas por el Gobierno colombiano desde el año 2000 en gran escala, con el objeto de eliminar los cultivos ilegales de coca y amapola. Esta acción ha sido ampliamente criticada; por tanto, se han hecho varios estudios sobre la materia. En el área legal, esto ha sido analizado sobre todo desde la perspectiva de los derechos humanos. Aquí lo analizaremos desde otra perspectiva.

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo el de analizar si las aspersiones aéreas de herbicidas pueden ser consideradas un arma de guerra a la luz de un conflicto armado. En tal caso, se verá si dicha actividad violenta las normas del Internacional Humanitario.

Para lograr este objetivo este artículo analiza a fondo qué actos pueden ser considerados de guerra y si las fumigaciones caen dentro de esta categoría. Además, se comparará esto con las reglas y excepciones del Derecho humanitario internacional, para finalmente concluir que las fumigaciones con herbicidas violan abiertamente las normas mencionadas.
Is the Current System of Criminal Procedure of Iran Efficient?
Authors: Fazli Mehdi , Ghiasi Jalaleddin , Khalil Salehi Mohammad
Published: April 2018

This paper is a study about the efficiency of the criminal system designed in the new Criminal Procedure Code of Iran, that came into effect on June 22, 2015. Notwithstanding the notable legislator’s efforts, infrastructural and structural reforms have not been carried out. Accordingly, it is not expected to be as efficient as the previous laws due to the lack of fundamental reforms; reforms caused the improvement in “low-level efficiency” (saving resources in the economic sense) rather than in the “high-level” one (saving resources plus developing more justice). The analysis of the efficiency of the Code and proposal of fundamental reforms for having a high-level efficient Criminal Law in Iran are the main objectives of this paper. After an introduction (Chapters I and II), we made a historical approach of the Iranian system in this matter (Chapter III). Then, we analyze three types of efficiency (Chapter IV), attending to some infrastructural elements, some structural factors and other procedural aspects. At last, we synthetize four conclusions (Chapter V). Main conclusion is that efficiency in the system of criminal procedure would be only on low-level.
Calcular e apresentar tamanhos do efeito em trabalhos científicos (3): Guia para reportar os tamanhos do efeito para análises de regressão e ANOVAs
Authors: Espirito Santo Helena Maria Amaral , Daniel Fernanda
Published: April 2018

No primeiro número da Revista Portuguesa de Investigação Comportamental e Social foi revista a importância de calcular, indicar e interpretar os tamanhos do efeito para as diferenças de médias de dois grupos (família d dos tamanhos do efeito). Os tamanhos do efeito são uma métrica comum que permite comparar os resultados das análises estatísticas de diferentes estudos, informando sobre o impacto de um fator na variável em estudo e sobre a associação entre variáveis.Depois de rever os tamanhos do efeito para as diferenças de médias entre dois grupos (Espirito-Santo e Daniel, 2015) e a maior parte da família r (Espirito-Santo e Daniel, 2017), faltava rever os tamanhos do efeito para a análise da variância. A análise da variância pode ser compreendida como uma extensão da família d a mais de dois grupos (ANOVA) ou como uma subfamília r em que a proporção da variabilidade é imputável a um ou mais fatores. Na subfamília r revista neste estudo, analisa-se a mudança na variável dependente que decorre de uma ou mais variáveis independentes. Esta análise debruça-se sobre os modelos lineares gerais, onde se incluem os modelos de regressão e a ANOVA.Este artigo fornece as fórmulas para calcular os tamanhos do efeito mais comuns, revendo os conceitos básicos sobre as estatísticas e facultando exemplos ilustrativos computados no Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). As orientações para a interpretação dos tamanhos do efeito são também apresentadas, assim como as cautelas no seu uso. Adicionalmente, o artigo acompanha-se de uma folha de cálculo em Excel para facilitar e agilizar os cálculos aos interessados.
The War Machine: American Culture, Canadian Cultural Sovereignty & Film Policy
Authors: Dorland Michael
Published: April 2018

Ce texte propose une approche plus ouverte aux dimensions imaginaires et discursives de l'étude des politiques de communications de l'état canadien et plus spécifiquement en ce qui a trait aux politiques de développement du cinéma. Dans cette optique, l'article démontre que conceptualiser les rapports communicatifs/média canado-américains s'opérationnalise mieux en fonction d'un discours d'interdépendance que ne le suggère une plus traditionnelle approche inspirée par la théorie de la dépendance. Une lecture historique du développement des politiques de cinéma permet d'entrevoir un système étroitement lié aux politiques fondamentales de l'état telles l'immigration et surtout la défense nationale. Les paradoxes et contradictions d'un cinéma conçu comme uns "machiné de guerre" sont relèvés.
Moving Pictures and Costume Songs at the 1927 “Exhibition of Canadian West Coast Art, Native and Modern”
Authors: Jessup Lynda
Published: April 2018

En 1927, Nass River Indians et Totem Land furent produits spécifiquement pour être présentés à l'intérieur d'une exposition au Musée des beaux arts du Canada qui réunissait des oeuvres autochtones de la côte ouest et des tableaux et sculptures d’artistes euro-canadiens importants. Il ne s’agit là que de l’un des nombreux contextes dans lesquels ces films anthropologiques ont circulé. Il est donc important de ne pas examiner ces textes isolément dans le cadre d’une histoire du film ethnographique canadien. On se doit plutôt de les situer dans le cadre beaucoup plus large d’une « histoire de l’art » de cette culture matérielle que Fatima Tobing Rony a appelé « l’ethnographique », c’est-à-dire, ces peuples que le cinéma ethnographique présenta comme « n’ayant aucune histoire, aucune écriture, aucune civilisation, aucune technologie et aucune archive ».
Fargo: Struggle for the Vehicle
Authors: Lee Scott
Published: April 2018

Le film Fargo des frètes Coen est une oeuvre hybride qui crée une tension entre différents genres (horreur, comédie, suspense, drame) et modes d’expression (réalisme, satire). L’un des aspects principaux de cette hybridité est le tangage, en particulier le mélange d’accents anglais et suédois, La force de l’oeuvre découle d’une tension linguistique, d’une friction entre la forme et le sens, d’un jeu d’ambivalence entre le signifiant et le signifié. Dans ce film obsédé par le lieu, le sang, ta naissance et l’automobile (surtout la « Géra ombre-brûlée »), la violence résulte d’un conflit de signification qui transforme l’automobile en véhicule du désir.
The Rhythm of Happening: Antagonism and Community in Brenda Longfellow's Our Marilyn and A Balkan Journey
Authors: Dickinson Adam
Published: April 2018

Bien qu'ils soient différents au niveau de la forme, les documentaires de « Brenda Longfellow Our Marilyn et A Balkan Journey: Fragments for the Other Side of War partagent certaines stratégies qui examinent les rapports empathiques entre S le corps des femmes et la collectivité. Ces rapports peuvent être étudiés à la lumière j de ce qu'Ernesto Ledau et Chantal Mouffe appellent « l'antagonisme », à savoir, les différends qui habitent toujours les systèmes discursifs qui tentent de constituer une totalité unifiée. L'antagonisme dans Our Marilyn s'érige contre les identités nationales et autres mythes nationaux. Dans A Balkan Journey l'antagonisme se 3 retrouve dans de nombreuses activités pratiquées par les femmes et qui défient les structures patriarcales de leur pays.
Sound, Space and Selfhood: Stereoscopic Apprehension in The Paradise Institute
Authors: Ellis Jim
Published: April 2018

L'installation cinématographique The Paradise Institute de Janet Cardiff et George Bures Miller, représentant le Canada à la biennale de Venise en 2001, consiste en un tout petit théâtre dans lequel le spectateur regarde un fragment de quatorze minutes d'un film à suspense européen. Par ses écouteurs, te spectateur entend à la fois la bande sonore du film et le son d'autres spectateurs, reproduit par enregistrement binaural, qui suggère leur présence dans le théâtre. La démarcation entre le film et le spectateur disparaît à mesure que ce dernier devient impliqué dans un film noir parallèle. L'installation met en évidence certains aspects importants de l’expérience cinématographique, comme les rapports entre le son et l'espace, l'influence du lieu de projection sur la perception du spectateur et l'interaction entre le phantasme privé et la narration du film dans le processus d'identification.
Zoos Humains et Mises en Scène de L'Altérité Ethnique: My Big Fat Greek Wedding
Authors: Koukoutsaki-Monnier Angeliki
Published: April 2018

This article interprets My Big Fat Creek Wedding as an instance of the "human zoo," that is, the type of display of "exotic" and "wild" peoples that marked the passage from the nineteenth to the twentieth century and proceeded to construct the notion of a difference between the West and its "other," establishing the racial and cultural superiority of the former. By using humorous stereotypes to signify difference, the film's narrative structure follows the principles of the human zoo. An analysis of the filmic devices used to place the spectator in the position of an observer exposes the limits of this ideological discourse, which promises to assert difference.
Counter-Narratives, Class Politics and Metropolitan Dystopias: Representations of Globalization in Maelström, waydowntown and La Moitié gauche du frigo
Authors: Longfellow Brenda
Published: April 2018

En portant une attention particulière à Maelström, l'auteure considère trois films canadiens qui abordent la problématique de l'expérience métropolitaine de la mondialisation pour ré-imagîner la ville en termes de traditions architecturales et du libre mouvement des capitaux. Dans ces oeuvres, la ville devient une dystopie de fonctionnalisme redondant et anonyme. Ses habitants appartiennent à une ethnie uniforme, homogène, blanche, tous des col-blancs prolétarisés dans la vingtaine ou début de la trentaine. Sa texture émotive est une mélancolie généralisée explicitement issue de l'impacte du capital sur la vie de tous les jours.