bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Empowering the Faculty of Education Students: Applying AI’s Potential for Motivating and Enhancing Learning
Authors: Mohamed Amr M. , Shaaban Tahany S. , Bakry Sameh H. , Guillén-Gámez Francisco D. , Strzelecki Artur
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to investigate how AI impacts students’ intrinsic motivation and learning experiences in various cultural and academic settings. An analysis of the effects of AI-powered learning tools on intrinsic motivation and learning enhancement was conducted in early 2024. The study recruited 455 students (192 males and 263 females) from Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Spain, and Poland who were studying diverse majors in educational faculties. Using a 5-point Likert scale, the validated instrument included three dimensions with a total of 10 items: intrinsic motivation and AI, AI and enhancing learning, and overall perception of AI in education. Significant differences were found by nationality and major, with Polish students and education technology majors showing the highest motivation levels. As a result of enhancing learning experiences, autonomy, and critical thinking skills, AI tools were found to positively influence motivation. Motivation, however, was not significantly influenced by academic level. Despite ethical concerns, students held a moderately positive view of artificial intelligence in education. Further research on optimal AI implementation and ethical considerations in education is necessary based on these findings.
Behaviour and Psychopathology in Preschool Children with William Syndrome and the Effects of Age, Sex and Cognition
Authors: Miezah Daniel , Porter Melanie , Batchelor Jennifer , Rossi Adriana , Reeve Jessica
Published: October 2024

The current study compared the prevalence of cognitive and psychopathological impairments among 24 preschool children with Williams syndrome (WS) (aged 2.20 to 5.97 years) and 53 controls without WS and screened for developmental or psychological diagnoses (aged 2.21 to 5.89 years) matched on chronological age and sex distribution. Associations between sex, chronological age, early development and psychopathology were also investigated. The Child Behavior Checklist—Preschool Version (CBCL) and the Mullen Scales of Early Learning were administered. Higher reported rates of Attention Problems, Emotional Reactivity, Somatic Complaints, Withdrawal, Affective Problems and Total Problems were found in preschool children with WS. There were no significant group differences in prevalence rates of all other CBCL domains. Attention Problems were the most prevalent psychopathology in preschool children with WS (33% falling in the clinically significant range), followed by Affective Problems (29% in clinically significant range), then Anxiety Problems (17%) or Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Problems (17%). Among children without WS, the highest prevalence rates of psychopathology were for Attention Problems (4% falling in the clinically significant range), Aggressive Behaviour (4%), Sleep Problems (4%) and Oppositional Defiant Problems (4%). There were no significant associations between sex or chronological age and CBCL-reported psychopathology for either group. In addition, there were no significant relationships between CBCL ratings and verbal ability, nonverbal ability or overall developmental level in either group. Findings highlight variations in the pattern of psychopathology among preschool children with WS compared to those without WS, which needs to be considered in clinical management and future research.
Granulomas in Common Variable Immunodeficiency Display Different Histopathological Features Compared to Other Granulomatous Diseases
Authors: van Stigt Astrid C. , von der Thüsen Jan H. , Mustafa Dana A. M. , van den Bosch Thierry P. P. , Lila Karishma A. , Vadgama Disha , van Hagen Martin , Dalm Virgil A. S. H. , Dik Willem. A. , IJspeert Hanna
Published: October 2024

Granulomatous disease affects up to 20% of patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID). Granulomas are comprised of highly activated immune cells, and emerge in response to antigenic triggers. In CVID granulomas however, the underlying pathophysiology is unclear and the specific trigger remains unknown. Granuloma formation in CVID is often compared to sarcoidosis, although clinical context and prognosis differ, suggesting a different pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate if the cellular organization and proteomics of granulomas in CVID is different from other granulomatous diseases. Therefore, tissue slides from formaldehyde fixed paraffin embedded biopsies obtained from patients with CVID, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis and foreign-material induced pseudo-sarcoidosis were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and assessed for histopathological characteristics. Targeted spatial protein analysis was performed, and immune fluorescent multiplex assays were used to analyze the cellular organization. Histological analysis revealed that CVID granulomas were smaller, less circumscribed, with fewer multinucleated giant cells and minimal fibrosis compared to the other granulomatous diseases. Spatial protein analysis showed that granulomas in all diseases expressed CD68, CD11c, CD44, CD127, and PD-L1. However in CVID, reduced expression of the fibrosis-related protein fibronectin, but enrichment of CD163, CD3 and FAPα inside CVID granulomas was observed. Immunofluorescence analysis conformed a different cellular organization in CVID granulomas with increased influx of neutrophils, macrophages, T and B lymphocytes. In conclusion, granulomas in CVID display a different histological and cellular organization with increased influx of myeloid and lymphoid cells, compared to sarcoidosis, tuberculosis and pseudo-sarcoidosis, indicating a distinct pathogenesis underlying granuloma formation.
Delivering scientific evidence for global policy and management to ensure ocean sustainability
Authors: Evans K. , Schmidt J. O. , Addo K. Appeaning , Bebianno M. J. , Campbell D. , Fan J. , Gonzalez-Quiros R. , Mohammed E. Y. , Shojaei M. G. , Smolyanitsky V. , Zhang C.-I.
Published: October 2024

Life depends on the ocean, with societal health, cultural systems and national economies reliant on ocean processes and resources. As ocean resources are used, and humans continue to drive climate change, the benefits from the ocean to society are being diminished. Science must meet the needs of policy and deliver to decision makers the information and tools for identifying pathways that support continued delivery of the benefits society derives from the ocean, whilst minimising impacts. This is crucial if the world’s nations are to meet the goals and targets they have set under international agreements. Here, we outline how a global assessment that focuses specifically on the ocean, the World Ocean Assessment, is linking science to the governments of the world and their policies within an internationally mandated framework. In doing so, we identify key elements that are needed for facilitating engagement by decision makers and uptake of knowledge, and the pathways taken by the assessment in implementing them. We also provide insights into the evolution that the World Ocean Assessment has undertaken over its first three cycles to progress its goal of enhancing the scientific basis of policymaking. We identify the challenges in delivering science to policy at a global scale and the work that still needs to be done in filling gaps to achieve a coordinated, comprehensive mechanism for connecting science with policy and ensuring future sustainability of the ocean.
Investigation of Protective Coatings for Reducing High-Temperature Oxidation of Steels
Authors: Mugale Manoj , Choudhari Amit , Karki Sanoj , Desai Jay , Walunj Ganesh , Vukkum Venkata B. , Schwam David , Gupta Rajeev Kumar , Borkar Tushar
Published: October 2024

Oxidation of steel billets during pre-heating at elevated temperatures is a challenge, particularly in the forging industry. There is a need to address this problem by applying effective oxidation-resistant coatings on forging billets. In this investigation, different types of commercially available high-temperature, oxidation-resistant coatings, termed Coating A, B, C, D, E, F, and G, were applied on AISI 4340 low-alloy steel by spraying and dipping at room temperature. The oxidation protection behavior of each coating was studied over a wide range of temperatures and holding times in atmospheric conditions. The weight and height losses caused by oxidation were measured, and the samples were subsequently characterized using XRD and SEM-EDS. The protection mechanisms and anti-oxidation properties of the coatings are discussed in detail. The sample coated with Coating A showed the best protection at all temperatures compared to other coatings. The weight/height loss of Coating A-coated steel samples was reduced by 80–90% compared to an uncoated/bare sample. Coating A not only limited the outward diffusion of iron cations from the substrate but also prevented the inward diffusion of oxygen anions from the atmosphere, resulting in better oxidation resistance. The findings of the study should apply to other steels with similar compositions.
When the Nose Meets the Lab: Histopathological Analysis in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps for Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: Alobid Isam , Armengot-Carceller Miguel , Pinilla Urraca Mayte , Maza-Solano Juan , González Guijarro Isabel , Umbria Jiménez Sebastián , San Miguel Fraile Pilar , Mullol Joaquim
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review

We aimed to review the latest evidence regarding the value of tissue histopathological analysis in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and to facilitate tissue analysis by proposing a pragmatic checklist for clinical settings.

Recent findings

CRSwNP is a chronic inflammatory disease that severely impairs the patient’s quality of life. The severity of the disease can be correlated with nasal polyps enriched in eosinophils/IL-5 and, although ≥ 10 eosinophils per high power field are considered enough to determine an eosinophilic CRS, this cut-off value, the biopsy method, and the sampling location are still a matter of debate. Besides, tissue eosinophil values might also have some added value when combined with other cellular counts (e.g., eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, Charcot-Leyden crystals). Structured histopathology analysis of sinonasal tissue—including, for instance, tissue remodelling biomarkers, fibrosis, and eosinophilic aggregates—has proven to be a valuable tool for healthcare professionals to identify different pheno-endotypes of CRSwNP and to improve the prioritisation of candidates to targeted therapies. Patients with CRSwNP are treated according to their severity with corticosteroids (intranasal and systemic), endoscopic sinus surgery, and/or biological therapy.

A panel of expert ear, nose, and throat specialists and pathologists proposed a pragmatic checklist to improve the clinical practice around tissue analysis in CRSwNP, to facilitate communication between hospital-based healthcare professionals, and to standardize the evaluation of inflammatory biomarkers.
Nuanced synthesis strategies and comprehensive analysis of intricate multifarious luminescent phosphor hosts
Authors: Kiran R. , Prabhu Nimitha S. , Mishra Vikash , Sayyed M. I. , Kamath Sudha D.
Published: October 2024

This paper primarily addresses various methodologies for synthesizing novel phosphors, with our focus mainly on the mixed alkaline tungstate phosphor Ca2MgWO6. In the initial synthesis phase, we used precisely weighed CaCO3, MgO, and WO3 for the synthesis. The XRD patterns indicated the presence of an impure phase, specifically CaWO4, in the resulting product. We adeptly tackled the formation of CaWO4 and mitigated it by employing a multifaceted approach. These included adding an excess amount of MgO, opting for an alternative chemical route, and the incorporation of flux during synthesis. It was observed that the product obtained through the addition of flux exhibited a purity level of approximately 99.75% with a margin of error of ± 0.02%. Ultimately, we have carried out structural, morphological, optical, and thermal characterizations, along with density functional theory (DFT) simulations, to assess the fundamental parameters of the pure sample.
Scaffolding Fifth Graders’ Learning with a Digital Multi-Representation Applet: Design Research on Focusing Multiplicative Structures with Dynamic Dot Arrays
Authors: Abraham Malina , Prediger Susanne
Published: October 2024

Digital multi-representation applets offer promising opportunities for promoting students’ conceptual understanding by dynamically converting graphical and symbolic representations and for promoting discoveries and justifications of mathematical properties. However, learning effects of open-ended multi-representation applets seem to depend on targeted scaffolds for students’ processes of conversions, treatments, and conversions of treatments. While these design challenges have come to be well-understood for dynamic geometry and functions, more design research is needed for multi-representation applets for multiplicative reasoning. We report on a design research study in Grade 5 in which the multi-representation applet of a dynamic dot array was integrated into a digital teaching–learning environment with sequenced tasks and more targeted scaffolds. The qualitative analysis of 30 students’ processes revealed multiple potentials of the dynamic array to (a) connect static representations by articulating the underlying multiplicative unit structures (conversions), (b) describe systematic variations (coordinated treatments), (c) explain systematic variations in representations by articulating unit structures (conversions of variations), (d) discover multiplicative commutativity (treatments), and (e) go towards justifying multiplicative commutativity by restructuring the array and its unit structures (conversions of treatments). Design experiment Cycle 1 revealed that all potentials were partially addressed by some students. To enable students to exploit more of these multiple potentials, attention scaffolds and language scaffolds were integrated. In Cycle 2, more potentials were exploited while still leaving room for improvements. In total, the study shows how design research can contribute to embed multi-representation applets into teaching–learning environments with well-sequenced tasks and targeted scaffolds.
Progress Toward Biocarbon Utilization in Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking: Current Status and Future Prospects
Authors: DiGiovanni Christopher , Echterhof Thomas
Published: October 2024

Steel is an essential material in modern infrastructure and industry, but its production is associated with significant carbon dioxide emissions. Biocarbon utilization in electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking represents a promising pathway toward reducing the carbon footprint of steel production. This review draws new perspectives on the current state of biocarbon utilization in EAF steelmaking by collectively examining the literature from multiple scales of testing, from laboratory experiments to industrial trials. The scientific insights from each scale are defined and the results are collectively pooled to give a comprehensive understanding of biocarbon’s performance for EAF applications. Several recent progressions are identified along with critical limitations, such as biocarbon’s high reactivity or low density. However, solution pathways like agglomeration are established from the thorough understanding developed by this study. These insights aim to enhance the progression of biocarbon utilization in the EAF process, ultimately facilitating the development of more efficient and sustainable steelmaking. The proposed areas for future research, such as optimizing key biocarbon properties or improved injection systems, are expected to have significant impact on the next phase of biocarbon adoption.

Graphical Abstract
Implementation of an autonomous mobile platform for agricultural tasks in corridor-like environments
Authors: Tobias Jonathan , Lim Shen Hin , Duke Mike , McGuinness Benjamin , Au Chi Kit
Published: October 2024

The role of autonomous vehicles (AVs) in assisting people is recognised and, therefore, is in constant development in numerous fields. Specifically, the ability of an autonomous vehicle (AV) to alleviate global stressors, such as the increased potential for food shortages and the decline in available workers for labor-intensive tasks. An area where the development of AVs are particularly prevalent is in agriculture. However, the few AVs being used in agriculture are often custom-built for specific purposes and require long development time as a result. This article aims to build and evaluate a versatile architecture for a mobile platform that is implemented using off-the-shelf components so that it can be transferred to any agricultural vehicle, thus reducing the development time. The research has involved investigating and incorporating various sensors, and also developing a common software module to perform the localisation, navigation and mapping particularly suited for corridor crop agricultural environments. This architecture has been integrated and implemented on a Yamaha golf cart, integrating it with sensors and electronics to allow a Robotic Operating System (ROS) framework to gather information and control the vehicle. As the architecture is modular in nature, it can be transferred to different customised platforms. To determine the efficacy of the mobile platform, it has undergone evaluation in simulation and in the field. The evaluation demonstrates that both mapping and navigation have satisfactory results, and the mobile platform remains within 5 mm of the specified distance when aiming to follow the row in a vineyard. The results from these experiments demonstrate the ability of the mobile platform to successfully transform a Yamaha golf cart into an autonomous agricultural vehicle.
Gone-wild grapevines in forests host phytoplasma genotypes linked to grapevine’s flavescence dorée epidemics in cultivated vineyards and competent vectors
Authors: Oggier Alan , Conedera Marco , Debonneville Christophe , Schumpp Olivier , Rizzoli Attilio
Published: October 2024

“Flavescence dorée” (FD) is a quarantine grapevine disease associated with FD phytoplasmas (FDp). In Switzerland, FD was identified in 2004 in the southernmost part of Canton Ticino (TI) and then rapidly propagated throughout the entire regional winegrowing area despite the mandatory control measures. The reported widespread distribution of gone-wild grapevines (GWGV) in TI raised the hypothesis of a potential role of GWGV as an FDp reservoir and as a habitat for FDp vectors. To test this assumption, GWGV and FDp vectors were sampled in 13 plots to attest their infection status and compare the FDp genetic profiles. The primary (Scaphoideus titanus) and best-candidate alternative (Orientus ishidae) vectors were collected throughout the season and were found in moderate to high abundance in all the study area. The infection rate of both GWGV and S. titanus followed the historical gradient of S. titanus arrival and dispersal in TI with a clear geographic distinction between the southern and northern part of TI. Interestingly, the rate measured for S. titanus was similar to that observed in highly FD-infested cultivated vineyards. Moreover, the genetic profiles of the infected GWGV and S. titanus samples were identical to those commonly observed in cultivated vineyards (map M54). Importantly, four specimens of O. ishidae were also found harboring the same genotype. This study emphasizes the importance of GWGV (and abandoned vineyards) and alternative vectors for the FD epidemics in FD-infested regions, as well as a potential origin for FD outbreaks in areas currently designated as FDp-free.
Exploring the ripple effect: learner psycho-social challenges, teacher emotional fatigue, and the role of school social work in South Africa—an interview-based qualitative study using Bronfenbrenner's framework
Authors: Joubert C. , Jacobs Susanne
Published: October 2024

Guided by Bronfenbrenner's (1994) ecological systems theory Bronfenbrenner (Int Encycl Educ,3(2):37–43) , this study highlights the interplay between learner psycho-social challenges and teacher emotional fatigue, which affect classroom dynamics, and the critical role of systemic support—the role of school social workers (SSWs)—in South Africa. Using an exploratory-descriptive qualitative design, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 primary school teachers and 13 SSWs from various provinces. Our participants' diverse backgrounds and experiences provided comprehensive insights. Findings highlight the need for a holistic approach to addressing learner psycho-social challenges, emphasising comprehensive support systems for teachers, including training and early intervention. Additionally, the integration of full-time SSWs and the active involvement of psychologists, families, and communities is crucial. Insights can inform educational policies and practices, enhancing teachers' and learners' well-being and effectiveness.
Digital finance infrastructure and growth of commercial banking firms in Nigeria
Authors: Iwedi Marshal
Published: October 2024

This study delves into the intricate relationship between digital finance infrastructure and the growth of commercial banking firms in Nigeria. Through a comprehensive analysis of various financial indicators and statistical tests, we offer critical insights into the dynamics of the Nigerian banking sector. The findings reveal a resilient and steadily growing banking industry, even in the face of economic challenges and the global COVID-19 pandemic. Key highlights include the exponential rise in digital infrastructure, exemplified by the proliferation of Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), Point of Sale (POS) machines, and web banking accounts. These digital channels have significantly influenced the accessibility and convenience of banking services in Nigeria. Our analysis employs correlation, regression, and Granger causality tests to explore the intricate relationships between bank total assets and digital infrastructure components. While positive correlations between bank total assets and digital infrastructure components suggest a strong link between technological expansion and banking growth, the analysis reveals nuanced relationships. Furthermore, while web banking accounts have grown significantly, their influence on bank total assets remains limited. Our findings emphasize the paramount importance of continued investments in digital finance infrastructure for the Nigerian banking sector's growth. However, they also underscore the need for a more profound understanding of the underlying drivers of these trends. This study offers valuable insights for policymakers, financial institutions, and researchers interested in fostering financial inclusion and optimizing digital banking services in Nigeria's ever-evolving financial landscape. In conclusion, this study highlights the critical role of digital finance infrastructure in driving the growth of commercial banking firms in Nigeria, while also calling for more targeted strategies to maximize the benefits of technological advancements in the banking sector.
Is Legitimate Exclusion Incompatible with the Sovereign Right to Exclude?
Authors: Schmid Lukas
Published: October 2024

Scholars of international law have been increasingly troubled by states’ vast powers and practices of migrant exclusion. There is no doubt that much of this uneasiness is catalyzed by a keen sense of the demands of a basic liberalism at the international legal order's core. Indeed, the increased construction of border walls,1 the continuously widespread use of deportation as a migration control tool,2 and new digital bordering technologies3 have all come under scrutiny precisely because of the challenges they pose to the notion of supposedly universal entitlements, both substantive and procedural, that often appear disabled or overridden when it comes to the treatment of different sorts of migrants. My goal in this contribution is not to add to such legal critiques, but rather to provide the contours of a broader normative argument to rebuke—or at least complicate—what is often called the state's “right to exclude” all or most would-be immigrants. This right is not just standardly assumed in legal and political practice—indeed, standardly viewed as the linchpin of sovereignty—but has also enjoyed sophisticated defense by liberal political theorists.4 The main goal of my argument is to suggest that anyone with basic liberal inclinations—including political theorists, lawyers, and practitioners of politics—should be able to agree that, under current circumstances, granting states a potent “right to exclude” entails deep tensions with basic moral standards of legitimate authority. This is because the deeply entrenched characteristics and historical background conditions of immigration control today tend structurally to push states to violate the appropriate moral conditions of their legitimate authority to enforce immigration restrictions.5 While moving above and beyond legal argumentation, my hope is that the argument may underscore and give further analytical expression to some of the animating concerns of contemporary legal contestations of states’ exclusive powers and practices.
Perspectives and awareness of environmental sustainability in the infection prevention and control community nationally
Authors: Pearl Abarna , Pepe Dana E. , Mehrotra Preeti
Published: October 2024

In this survey of infection prevention and control (IPC) professionals, we gauged knowledge, attitudes and institutional practices related to environmental sustainability and IPC. Overall, IPC professionals have not yet universally adopted measures to promote environmental sustainability. More research is needed around environmentally sustainable efforts that preserve patient safety in IPC.
A novel approach to research engagement: Developing a targeted theory of change with Black and African-American stakeholders
Authors: Hemley Helen , Ison Juliana M. , Reynolds Marissa , Pham Tiffany , Jackson Jonathan D.
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

Community inclusion in research may increase the quality and relevance of research, but doing so in an equitable way is complex. Novel approaches used to build engagement with historically marginalized communities in other sectors may have relevance in the clinical research sector.

Method:

To address long-standing gaps and challenges, a stakeholder group was convened to develop a theory of change (ToC), a structured method for obtaining input from stakeholders to enhance the design, conduct, and dissemination of research. The stakeholder group, comprised of Black residents within a metropolitan area, followed a structured monthly meeting schedule for 12 months to produce an outcome map, a model that formally defines aspects of research and engagement for this community.

Results:

Stakeholders reported significant improvements in trust in and engagement with research over the 12-month period, but not changes in health empowerment (individual, organizational, or community level). Through this convening process, a ToC and outcome map were developed with the focus of building bidirectional relationships between groups identifying as Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) and researchers in Boston, MA. Additionally, the group developed a community ownership model and guidelines for researchers to adhere to when utilizing the ToC and outcome map with BIPOC communities.

Conclusion:

Co-ownership of models to develop bidirectional relationships between researchers and community members, such as the ToC and outcome map, may advance and further the value and reach of community-based participatory research while increasing levels of trust and engagement in research.
Review article: Writing in Japanese on Irish history
Authors: Cullen L. M.
Published: October 2024

Even under sakoku (policy of national self-isolation), Japan observed the outside world. The result of the Meiji Restoration in 1868 was to create or reinforce close engagement with the world by writers, artists, officials and diplomats alike. While the first foreign language of most Japanese was to be English, some were more conversant with French or Italian (and in many cases, as late as the 1930s, with German). There has also been a handful variously able to read, write or speak a minoritised language like Irish; or an immensely challenging language like Finnish.
The rise and fall of the Clann Éinrí Aimhréidh Uí Néill: dynastic feuding and geopolitics in the late medieval Irish Sea world
Authors: Egan Simon
Published: October 2024

During the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries, the Ulster lordship of Tír Eoghain was bitterly contested between two rival branches of the Uí Néill dynasty: the Clann Éinrí Aimhréidh and the Clann Briain Catha an Dúin. Traditionally, historians have focused mainly on the local origins and ramifications of this feud and have paid only cursory attention to how events ranging from the Shannon Estuary through to the Outer Hebrides shaped the course of this struggle. For instance, throughout the later fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries a range of different regional players from across this wider ‘Irish Sea world’ became drawn into pulled into this conflict, each possessing a vested interest in the outcome of the Uí Néill successional war. By drawing upon a rich corpus of primary sources, including Irish, Scottish and English material, this article locates the Uí Néill feud within a wider dynastic and geopolitical context. Ultimately, the article argues for the necessity of exploring this feud from within a wider geographic and dynastic framework of interpretation, and paying closer attention to how events within the Irish Sea world could impact and impinge upon the politics of the wider archipelago.
Select document: The last will and testament of Diarmaid Ó Conchobhair, prior of Cluain Tuaiscirt na Sionna
Authors: Thornton Davıd E.
Published: October 2024

It was not common for members of religious orders in the late middle ages to make a last will and testament because profession as a regular removed their testamentary capacity. This article prints the Latin text of the testament of Brother Diarmaid Ó Conchobhair, prior of Cloontuskert na Sinna, O.S.A., County Roscommon, drawn up in 1462 and proved a year later in London, along with a translation. It also offers a discussion of the testament, including Ó Conchobhair's stated intention of going on pilgrimage to Rome, in the light of other evidence relating to both its testator and to the monastic orders in general in late medieval Ireland and England.
It's More About ‘We’ Than ‘I’: Employee-Supervisor Fit in Achievement Striving, Organizational Identification, and Employee Voice
Authors: Zheng Xiaotong (Janey) , Williams Michele , Wang Xiaoyu (Christina) , Liang Jian
Published: October 2024

By integrating the theory of purposeful work behavior with the person-environment (P-E) fit literature, we employ a bilateral approach to examine how employee-supervisor congruence in purposeful work striving (i.e., achievement striving) influences employee voice behavior via an internal motivation mechanism (i.e., organizational identification). Using polynomial regressions with response surface modeling, we analyze data from 827 employees and their 197 supervisors in two studies. The results show that achievement-driven employees are more likely to speak up when employee-supervisor achievement striving is congruent, regardless of whether it is high or low. Furthermore, employee-supervisor congruence in achievement striving enhances employees’ felt oneness with the organization and organizational identification, which in turn fuels their voice behavior. We conclude with theoretical and practical implications.
Will COVID-19 become mild, like a cold?
Authors: Shaw Stewart Patrick D.
Published: October 2024

Several recent studies conclude that an increase in the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 cannot be ruled out. However, it should be noted that SARS-CoV-2 is a ‘direct’ respiratory virus – meaning it is usually spread by the respiratory route but does not routinely pass through the lymphatics like measles and smallpox. Providing its tropism does not change, it will be unique if its pathogenicity does not decrease until it becomes similar to common cold viruses. Ewald noted in the 1980s that respiratory viruses may evolve mildness because their spread benefits from the mobility of their hosts. This review examines factors that usually lower respiratory viruses’ severity, including heat sensitivity (which limits replication in the warmer lungs) and changes to the virus’s surface proteins. Other factors may, however, increase pathogenicity, such as replication in the lymphatic system and spreading via solid surfaces or faecal matter. Furthermore, human activities and political events could increase the harmfulness of SARS-CoV-2, including the following: large-scale testing, especially when the results are delayed; transmission in settings where people are close together and not free to move around; poor hygiene facilities; and social, political, or cultural influences that encourage sick individuals to remain active, including crises such as wars. If we can avoid these eventualities, SARS-CoV-2 is likely to evolve to be milder, although the timescale is uncertain. Observations of influenza-like pandemics suggest it may take around two decades for COVID-19 to become as mild as seasonal colds.
Feeling the distance: The relationship between emotion regulation and spatial ability in childhood
Authors: Flouri Eirini , Tsomokos Dimitris I.
Published: October 2024

Research has shown experimentally that if children are taught to use language to create distance (socially, physically, and temporarily) when they revisit a potentially traumatic experience they reduce the intensity of their emotions. Building on this, this study was carried out to explore whether children with better spatial skills are better at such downregulation because of their very aptitude in understanding the concept of distance. Using data from a general-population birth cohort in the UK, the study examined the bidirectional association between emotional dysregulation and spatial ability among children aged 5 and 7 years. The findings reveal a significant reciprocal relationship even after adjusting for family, contextual, and individual confounders including verbal ability: spatial skills at age 5 years were inversely related to emotional dysregulation at age 7 years, and conversely, greater emotional dysregulation at age 5 years was associated with poorer spatial ability at age 7 years. The two paths were equally strong and there was no evidence of differences between them on the basis of sex. Our results suggest that enhancing spatial abilities could be a potential avenue for supporting emotion regulation in middle childhood.
Analysis of high-risk human papillomavirus infections and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: factors influencing awareness among women of childbearing age in southwest China
Authors: Ning Kexue , Gong Jing , Li Xianghua , He Lijuan
Published: October 2024

Background:

High-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections are a leading cause of cervical diseases among Han Chinese women of reproductive age. Despite studies like Mai et al. (2021) addressing HPV prevalence in Southern China, awareness remains low, especially in Southwest China. Our study addresses this gap.

Objective:

This hospital-based, retrospective study analyzes the prevalence of high-risk HPV and its association with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) among Han Chinese women of reproductive age in Southwest China.

Methods:

Data were collected from 724 women undergoing routine health exams from December 2022 to April 2023. A total of 102 women with high-risk HPV infections were identified. A survey assessed HPV awareness, CIN incidence, and socio-demographic factors influencing awareness.

Results:

Of the 724 women, 102 (14.1%) were diagnosed with high-risk HPV, with HPV-16 being the most common subtype (22.5%). Awareness was significantly lower among unmarried women (OR: 6.632, p = 0.047), those with high school education or less (OR: 20.571, p = 0.003), and rural residents (OR: 19.483, p = 0.020). HPV-16 was detected in 54.55% of women with high-grade CIN.

Conclusion:

There is an urgent need for targeted education and HPV vaccination in Southwest China, particularly for women with lower education, rural residents, and older individuals. Subtype-specific strategies are essential for preventing and managing CIN.
Pornos und Partnerschaft
Authors: Donatsch Ursina
Published: October 2024

Pornoschauen ohne Nebenwirkungen – auch in der Beziehung

Das Schauen von Pornografie ist in Partnerschaften weitverbreitet und stellt viele Paare vor eine große Herausforderung. Kann der Konsum schädliche Auswirkungen auf die Einzelperson oder die Partnerschaft haben? Oder hat er sogar einen positiven Effekt auf die Beziehung? Wann spricht man von einer Pornosucht? Oft werden Pornos zudem heimlich konsumiert. Das führt zu einem Gefühl des Betrugs, wenn der Partner davon erfährt.

Die renommierte Sexualforscherin und Paartherapeutin Dr. Ursina Donatsch präsentiert in diesem Buch aktuelle wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse zum gesunden Umgang mit Pornografie in Beziehungen. Basierend auf fundierter Forschung und ihrer reichen Erfahrung in der Paar- und Einzeltherapie gibt sie klare Empfehlungen, worauf dabei geachtet werden sollte. Die Leser*innen erfahren, in welchem Maße Pornokonsum unbedenklich für die Beziehung ist, wann es Zeit ist, die Notbremse zu ziehen, und welche Schritte dann zu unternehmen sind.

Dieses Buch richtet sich an Paare und Einzelpersonen, die nach einem verständnisvollen und evidenzbasierten Ratgeber suchen. Zugleich bietet es Paar- und Psychotherapeut*innen sowie Suchttherapeut*innen eine wertvolle Ressource, die sie ihren Klient*innen empfehlen können.
Psychodynamische Paartherapie
Authors: Roesler Christian
Published: October 2024

Paartherapie stellt in der psychotherapeutischen und psychosozialen Versorgung eine wichtige Größe dar, denn schwerwiegende chronische Paarkonflikte tragen erheblich zur Entwicklung und Aufrechterhaltung psychischer wie auch körperlicher Erkrankungen bei. Dieser Band stellt eine forschungsbasierte und integrative Form der psychodynamischen Behandlung von Paarproblemen bzw. Störungen in Paarbeziehungen vor.
Einleitend wird eine allgemeine Definition von Paarproblemen sowie ein Überblick über deren Verbreitung gegeben. Weitere Kapitel stellen Forschungsergebnisse und Theorien zu Paarbeziehungen und Paardynamik vor, erörtern psychodynamische Konzepte für die Paartherapie und informieren über die Wirksamkeitsforschung in diesem Bereich.
Basierend auf diesen Ausführungen wird ein theoretisches Erklärungsmodell für die Entstehung von Paarproblemen aus psychodynamischer Sicht vorgestellt, um darauf abgestimmte Interventionen zu begründen. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf den Emotionen, Bedürfnissen und Beziehungsmustern. Ziel der Interventionen ist es u.a., problematische Interaktionsmuster zu identifizieren und aus der Entwicklungsgeschichte heraus zu verstehen sowie korrigierende emotionale Beziehungserfahrungen herbeizuführen. In einem abschließenden Kapitel wird auf Möglichkeiten der Diagnostik eingegangen. Die praxisnahen Ausführungen mit Beispielen bieten hilfreiche Anregungen, um Paare bei der Bewältigung ihrer Konflikte zu unterstützen.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases
Authors: Wang Yating , Su Shu , Ma Mingsheng , Weng Ruohang , Zhang Zhiyong , Liu Dawei , Yan Xin , Wang Junjun , Wang Yajun , Zhang Wei , Yang Sirui , Zhang Hongxia , Zhao Dongmei , Lu Meiping , Li Xiaoqing , Zhu Jia , Zhang Weixi , Yu Haiguo , Zhang Dongfeng , Huang Yanjie , Nong Guangmin , Cai Xuxu , Mao Huawei , Sun Fei , Wu Xiaochuan , Rong Zanhua , Zhang Jianjiang , Li Zhixiang , Jiang Xinhui , Li Xiaozhong , Liu Xuemei , Li Chongwei , Sun Lifeng , Gao Sihao , Yang Jun , Song Hongmei , Tang Xuemei ,   Chinese Alliance of Pediatric Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases
Published: October 2024

Background

This study investigates the clinical characteristics and outcomes of pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases infected with COVID-19 in China.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases who contracted COVID-19. Data were collected via a comprehensive questionnaire with a 14-day follow-up. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess severe outcomes, and network analyses evaluated symptom correlations.

Results

A total of 1070 cases were collected. Fever (88.05%) and cough (62.75%) were the most common symptoms. Cough, nasal congestion, and runny nose exhibited a stronger correlation with each other. A higher incidence of fever reduced the incidence of two single symptoms (nasal congestion [r = −0.833], runny nose [r = −0.762]). Vaccinated children showed a shorter time to negative COVID-19 conversion (7.21 days vs. 7.63 days, p < 0.05) and lower hospitalization rates (p = 0.025). Prolonged symptom duration was associated with older age (OR: 1.07 [1.04–1.11]; p < 0.001) and systemic lupus erythematosus (OR: 1.47 [1.01–2.12]; p = 0.046).

Conclusions

Pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases exhibited a wide range of clinical symptoms after COVID-19 infection. The infection generally did not lead to severe outcomes in this study. COVID-19 vaccination was associated with reduced hospitalization risk and expediting the time to negativity for virus.

Impacts

This manuscript demonstrates a comprehensive analysis of the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 infection in pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases in China. It provides critical insights into the specific challenges faced by this vulnerable population and offers practical recommendations for improving patient management during periods of increased infectious risk.
Detection and isolation of brain tumors in cancer patients using neural network techniques in MRI images
Authors: Mir Mahdi , Madhi Zaid Saad , Hamid AbdulHussein Ali , Khodayer Hassan Al Dulaimi Mohammed , Suliman Muath , Alkhayyat Ahmed , Ihsan Ali , LU Lihng
Published: October 2024

MRI imaging primarily focuses on the soft tissues of the human body, typically performed prior to a patient's transfer to the surgical suite for a medical procedure. However, utilizing MRI images for tumor diagnosis is a time-consuming process. To address these challenges, a new method for automatic brain tumor diagnosis was developed, employing a combination of image segmentation, feature extraction, and classification techniques to isolate the specific region of interest in an MRI image corresponding to a brain tumor. The proposed method in this study comprises five distinct steps. Firstly, image pre-processing is conducted, utilizing various filters to enhance image quality. Subsequently, image thresholding is applied to facilitate segmentation. Following segmentation, feature extraction is performed, analyzing morphological and structural properties of the images. Then, feature selection is carried out using principal component analysis (PCA). Finally, classification is performed using an artificial neural network (ANN). In total, 74 unique features were extracted from each image, resulting in a dataset of 144 observations. Principal component analysis was employed to select the top 8 most effective features. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) leverage comprehensive data and selective knowledge. Consequently, the proposed approach was evaluated and compared with alternative methods, resulting in significant improvements in precision, accuracy, and F1 score. The proposed method demonstrated notable increases in accuracy, with improvements of 99.3%, 97.3%, and 98.5% in accuracy, Sensitivity and F1 score. These findings highlight the efficiency of this approach in accurately segmenting and classifying MRI images.
Myocardial inflammatory cells in cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Simon Philip , Behrens Hans-Michael , Kristen Arnt , Röcken Christoph
Published: October 2024

Background: Immunoglobulin derived AL amyloidosis and transthyretin derived ATTR amyloidosis are the most common forms of cardiac amyloidosis. Both may present with cardiac arrhythmias, heart failure, and extracardiac symptoms. Disease outcome is often fatal. Recently, it was proposed that amyloid may cause cardiac inflammation. Here we tested the hypothesis that immune cell infiltration in cardiac tissue correlates with clinicopathological patient characteristics. Patients and methods: Myocardial biopsies from 157 patients with cardiac amyloidosis (46.5% AL, 53.3% ATTR) were immunohistochemically assessed for the presence and amount of T lymphocytes (CD3), macrophages (CD68) and neutrophils (MPO). Amyloid load, cardiomyocyte diameter, apoptosis (Caspase 3), necrosis (complement 9), and various clinical parameters were assessed and correlated with immune cell density. Results: Myocardial tissue was infiltrated with T lymphocytes (CD3), macrophages (CD68) and neutrophils (MPO) with variable amounts. Significant correlations were found between the number of macrophages and NYHA class. No correlations were found between the presence and amount of T lymphocytes, neutrophils and clinicopathological patient characteristics. Conclusion: The significant correlation between cardiac macrophage density and heart failure points towards a significant role of macrophages in disease pathology.
Comparative analysis of microwave radiation generated by the interaction between electron beam and plasma under different methods
Authors: Gao Shen , Liu Jing-Xin , Zhang Jin-Ke
Published: October 2024

This article presents a physical model that describes the interaction between surface electron beams and plasma. The dispersion relations for beam plasma interactions were derived using perturbation method and field matching methods. The study investigates how different parameters affect radiation frequency and bandwidth. The results indicate that as electron beam velocity increases, the associated kinetic energy also rises, leading to an increase in both the maximum radiation frequency and bandwidth at high frequencies. Conversely, the radiation bandwidth at low frequencies decreases. Similarly, a higher plasma density results in a greater maximum radiation frequency, but the high-frequency bandwidth decreases, while the low-frequency bandwidth increases. Additionally, when the electron density and electron velocity of the electron beam remain constant, increasing the plasma density can increase the microwave radiation frequency However, there exists a plasma density threshold, beyond which high-frequency electromagnetic waves are no longer radiated.
Enhanced piezo-response of mixed-cation copper perovskites with Cl/Br halide engineering
Authors: Elattar Amr , Munoz Christopher , Kobera Libor , Mahun Andrii , Brus Jiri , Uddin Mohammed Jasim , Hayashi Yasuhiko , Okoli Okenwa , Dickens Tarik
Published: October 2024

Structural modulation of (Cs/MA) mixed-cation copper perovskite via (Cl/Br) mixed-halide engineering led to enhancement of the piezoelectric response.
Comment on “Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing antiaromatic chalcogenopyrano[3,2-b]-chalcogenopyrans” by W. Chen, H. Zong, Y. Xie, J. Xu, J.-W. Cai, S.-D. Wang and G. Zhou, Org. Chem. Front., 2024, 11, 390
Authors: Soriano-Agueda Luis
Published: October 2024

A recent article by Zhou, G. et al. (Org. Chem. Front, 2024, 11, 390) reports the global aromaticity of a family of polycyclic hydrocarbons.
Hydrogen autotransfer with alcohols for alkylations
Authors: Joly Nicolas , Gaillard Sylvain , Poater Albert , Renaud Jean-Luc
Published: October 2024

Iron/ruthenium complexes, akin to Knölker catalysts, for bond reduction and sustainable alkylation using alcohols are included in this review, along with advances in dehydrogenative coupling, hydrogen borrowing, and light-assisted catalysis.