bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DAMPAK PERKAWINAN SIRRI PADA MASYARAKAT SIPIROK DITINJAU DARI HUKUM KELUARGA
Authors: Hamdan Hamdan , Siregar Fatahuddin Aziz , Hasibuan Putra Halomoan
Published: March 2024

This study aims to examine the practice of sirri marriage that occurs in the Sipirok community. One of the goals is to find out the phenomenon of sirri marriage in terms of family law aspects. The type in this research is juridical. While its nature is juridical-normative. Where will view the theories, principles of law and legislation. The data collection methods for this study are observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the practice of sirri marriage that occurs in the Sipirok community is forced. One of the causes is the bride getting pregnant out of wedlock, polygamy, education and not having enough money. According to Islam, that action is legal. Because the pillars and conditions of marriage have been fulfilled. However, according to national law, this act is illegal because it is not registered at the office of religious affairs. One of the impacts is that the marriage is not harmonious because it is often hit by debates and fights in a household. It means not getting peace in the family. Meanwhile, according to family law, that the act is not in accordance with the five principles of the Shari'ah, both aspects of religion, soul, mind, lineage and wealth.
FENOMENA PENCATATAN PERKAWINAN BAGI JANDA DI KUA KECAMATAN TANAH TUMBUH KABUPATEN TANJUNG JABUNG DITINJAU DARI HUKUM KELUARGA
Authors: Aliska Nasution Nindi
Published: March 2024

This article aims to find out the process of registering marriages for widows in Tanah Grow District, Tanjung Jabung Regency. Uniquely, what is used instead of the divorce certificate for the prospective bride and groom is a certificate from the Village Head as a document requirement for carrying out the marriage. Meanwhile, Article 6 paragraph 2 letter (f) explains explicitly that the marriage registration procedure for widows is "having a death certificate of the previous wife or husband or in the case of a divorce a divorce certificate (divorce certificate), for marriages for the second time or more" . From this article it can be understood that if a widow wants to get married and the marriage is to be registered, then it must fulfill the existing requirements, one of which is the existence of a divorce certificate issued by the Religious Court. The type of research used is juridical research or what is called field research, namely research carried out in certain places using a qualitative approach method. Meanwhile, the data sources used are primary and secondary. The data collection methods used were interviews, observation and documentation. The results of this research show that the reasons or considerations of the Tanjung Jabung District KUA Tanjung Jabung Regency for registering the marriage of a widowed woman without a divorce certificate are: the first husband had issued a divorce, which according to the KUA was valid to continue with the iddah period having ended. Meanwhile, the pillars and conditions of marriage according to fiqh have been fulfilled. However, the administrative requirements are insufficient, namely the lack of a divorce certificate from the local Religious Court, but the prospective bride and groom replace it with a certificate from the Village Head. In this way, the KUA is not legally prevented from marrying her because one condition is lacking, namely a divorce certificate. From the KUA's considerations or reasons for all these couples, it is clear that the KUA is essentially not implementing the statutory regulations completely, this is caused by various factors. The factors that caused the KUA to issue this letter were economic factors and educational factors, because the bride and groom were classified as underprivileged, especially considering that the level of education in general in the local community was still at elementary level.
Franz Hinkelammert: hacia un nuevo humanismo
Authors: Dussel Ambrosini Enrique , Colmenares Lizárraga Katya
Published: March 2024

Franz Josef Hinkelammert (1931-2023) es el más grande pensador crítico latinoamericano contemporáneo, su obra deja al descubierto el fundamento ideológico, fetichista y de dominación del proyecto civilizatorio de la modernidad, así como la irracionalidad de su razón instrumental y científica, principales responsables de la profunda crisis en la que se encuentra la humanidad en el siglo XXI. Nacido en Emsdetten, Alemania, su adolescencia se vio impactada por la experiencia de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, el ascenso del nazismo y la desaparición de los judíos. Completó la carrera de economía, al mismo tiempo que se formaba en filosofía y teología en Freiburg, Hamburg y Münster.
Efektivitas Ekstrak Kulit Pisang Kepok (Musa Paradisiaca L) Terhadap Candida albicans dan Streptococcus mutans Sebagai Pembersih Basis Akrilik Gigi Tiruan Lepasan
Authors: Sari Desy Purnama , Rahmi Eni , Fitria Ivony
Published: March 2024

Background: Banana peels are always thrown away because they are considered items that cannot be eaten or reused, but recent study prove that it contains effective ingredients that can be used as antibacterial and antifungal agent. Kepok banana peel (Musa paradisiaca L) can kill and inhibit certain types of bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of banana peel extract (Musa paradisiaca L) as a denture cleanser on the removable denture acrylic plate. Methods: This is an experimental laboratory using 48 denture acrylic plates, size 10x10x2 mm. Kepok banana peels were extracted by maceration technique to concentration of 25%, 50% and 75% and used aquadest as control group. Moreover, 24 acrylic plates in each group that cultured by Candida albicans ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) 10231 dan dan Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 were soaked into four solutions (6 plates in each treatment), then total colony was counted by the Total Plate Count (TPC) method. The data was analyzed by computerized by one-way Annova with posttest only-control group design. Results: Reducing the amount of Candida albicans was most effective at a concentration of 75% with an average of 62.33 ± 25.91 (p=0.000), meanwhile the 50% concentration was the most effective on Streptococcus mutans with an average of 0.43 ± 0.41 (p=0.035). Conclusion: Kepok banana peel extract had an good effect on reducing the number of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans colonies on the removable denture acrylic plates.
Efektifitas Metode Participant Modeling dalam Menurunkan Tingkat Kecemasan terhadap Pemeriksaan Gigi
Authors: Murniwati Murniwati , Alioes Yustini , Susi Susi , Kasuma Nila , Sari Putri Mulya
Published: March 2024

Rasa cemas pada kedokteran gigi ( dental anxiety ) dilaporkan sebagai salah satu alasan utama untuk menghindar dari perawatan gigi. Tingkat kecemasan merupakan salah satu penyebab tingginya prevalensi penyakit dan keparahan akibat menunda perawatan gigi, termasuk pada pasien anak. Penangan pasien anak dengan dental anxiety dapat dilakukan dengan metode participant modeling. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas metode participant modeling dalam menurunkan tingkat kecemasan terhadap pemeriksaan gigi melalui penilaian skala sikap ( Likert scale ). Desain penelitian adalah quasi eksperimental non-equivalent control group. Populasi merupakan murid berusia 7-10 tahun di SDN 26 Jati Utara Padang yang memiliki kecemasan terhadap pemeriksaan gigi sebanyak 36 orang dibagi menjadi 18 orang kelompok participant modeling ( eksperimen ) dan 18 orang kelompok tanpa modeling ( kontrol ). Skala sikap yang digunakan adalah skala wajah atau Facial Image Scale ( FIS ). Analisis data menggunakan paired t-test dan independent sample t-test. Tingkat kecemasan sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan pada kedua kelompok mengalami penurunan dengan rata-rata penurunan kelompok eksperimen adalah 3.17 ± 0.618 dan kelompok kontrol adalah 1.89 ± 0.832 . Analisis penurunan tingkat kecemasan mengunakan paired t-test diperoleh p =0.000.

Analysis perbedaan penurunan tingkat kecemasan kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol menggunakan independent sample t-test menunjukan perbedaan bermakna (p=0.000) .

Penerapan metode participant modeling lebih efektif menurunkan tingkat kecemasan pasien anak dengan dental anxiety terhadap pemeriksaan gigi dari pada yang tidak menggunakan metode participant modeling.
The Empire Strikes Back: Poe’s Critique of US Vampiric Imperialism in “Ligeia”
Authors:   Institute of British & American Studies Center for International Area Studies Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Jang Ki Yoon
Published: March 2024

Edgar Allan Poe’s “Ligeia” has been an object of scholarly attention ever since D. H. Lawrence’s ground-breaking reading of it as a ‘vampire story’ in Studies in Classic American Literature. That attention has one critical blind spot to it, which is the lack of consideration on one of the story’s three main characters: Rowena. This paper proposes giving her a chance to be examined as yet another vampiric figure along with the narrator and Ligeia, on account of the symbiotically interdependent relationship between the vampire and the victim. The paper parallels this relationship with the complex interaction between the US and England in the 19th century, which revolves around a paradox of the former’s attempt to liberate itself from the latter’s imperial dominion while aspiring to be a new empire like the latter. The paper posits the narrator and Rowena as the US and England, respectively, and traces their struggle to take over the origin of Western imperialism which is embodied in Ligeia and to perpetuate its legacy. The ultimate goal of this paper is to show “Ligeia” as a story of Poe’s questioning the US’s unquestioning pursuit of global imperialism, thereby proving its resonance for our own time.
“그대는 자선의 원칙을 모르는구려”: 보이언트 도구를 활용한 셰익스피어 『리처드 3세』에 나타난 ‘사랑’의 코퍼스 분석
Authors:   Institute of British & American Studies Center for International Area Studies Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Choi Seokhun
Published: March 2024

This essay conducts a corpus analysis of ‘love’ in Shakespeare’s Richard III using Voyant Tools, a free web-based application for analyzing digital texts. While Voyant Tools have been used in Shakespeare classes for educational purposes, it is hard to find any books or journal essays that incorporate the online program in Shakespeare drama research. It is hoped that the paper serves as an example that suggests academic potential of using digital tools in drama text analysis. Although Richard III is rarely discussed with reference to ‘love,’ the high frequency of the word in the text confirms its thematic importance in the play. My analysis of the corpus data makes the following discoveries. First, ‘love’ in Richard III has a broad spectrum of meaning ranging from erotic and familial love to loyalty and self-love. Second, the majority of references to ‘love’ come from or concern Richard and his chief assistant Buckingham, both of whom use the word for purposes of deception. Third, the type of love that is absent from all characters, including antagonist Richmond and those who display sincere love for their family or monarch, is ‘charity,’ the highest form of love modeled on God’s unconditional love for humanity. From these observations, it can be concluded that Shakespeare explores the broad spectrum of human love in order to satirize the absence of charity from the powerful figures that inhabit the world of Richard III as well as to expose the limitations and vulnerability of human love. If Richard III is a play of ‘love,’ as the corpus data suggests, it is not a critique of the title character but of the lack of charity in the world he was born into.
Indagaciones al discurso plástico cubano sobre la construcción de la mujer negra
Authors: Cuesta Dublin Mercedes
Published: March 2024

El presente artículo analiza la obra de pintores cubanos que tienen a la mujer negra como protagonista de sus discursos con el objetivo de determinar el condicionamiento social de su imagen plástica, según tradicionales nociones de género y raza marcadas por la condición colonial. Un análisis del hecho estético desde la producción de saber sociológico conduce a reconocer que, aunque el arte se considere una forma altamente elaborada de aprehensión de la realidad, no significa que esté desvinculado radicalmente del entorno que lo motiva y al cual refleja de forma más o menos explícita. Métodos de análisis e interpretación de los códigos artísticos y la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales revelan estereotipos femeninos y raciales aún vigentes en el imaginario nacional.
Street Art as a Tool for Social Dialogue: A Case Study of Tula
Authors: Yazykov Dmitrii Sergeevich
Published: March 2024

This article is a comprehensive study of the role of street art as a tool of social dialogue, focusing primarily on the urban environment of Tula. Starting with an in-depth study of the historical roots and modern consequences of street art, the evolution of this art form is considered in the context of social dynamics and change. Street art emerges as a hybrid space balancing personal self-expression with public interests, emphasizing its importance in the development of public discourse, generating social transformations and consolidating historical memory. A detailed study of specific artistic initiatives, works in Tula sheds light on a variety of topics. The research touches on both the historical roots of street art in Tula and its modern manifestations, covering various aspects, from reflecting the urban spirit to its role in shaping public discourse and preserving historical memory. The methodology is based on a comprehensive analysis of street art works, as well as the study of the social and historical contexts of street art in Tula. This study presents a new perspective on street art as a tool for social dialogue and cultural interaction. It reveals how Tula's street art contributes to social change by expressing and strengthening the city's collective identity. The article emphasizes that street art not only reflects current social sentiments, but also serves as a catalyst for social transformation, turning into a living archive of urban history and culture. Special attention is paid to the interaction of art with urban residents, its influence on public opinion and the ability to form a new urban environment conducive to cultural and social development. Specific examples of murals and graffiti, their historical and cultural contexts, as well as the role of these works in creating a dialogue between different social groups are analyzed.
Multiphase Autonomous Docking via Model-Based and Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Aborizk Anthony , Fitz-Coy Norman
Published: March 2024

With the rise of traffic around Earth’s orbit, spacecraft mission designs have placed an unprecedented demand on the capabilities of autonomous systems. In the early 2000s, the state-of-the-art autonomous spacecraft controllers were designed for static and uncluttered environments. A little over a decade later, the challenges facing spacecraft autonomy now include cluttered, dynamic environments with time-varying constraints, logical modes, fault tolerances, uncertain dynamics, and complex maneuvers. With this rise in complexity, many areas of research have been investigating more experimental control strategies, such as reinforcement learning (RL), as a potential solution to this problem. The research presented herein aims to expand on efforts to quantify the use of RL in autonomous rendezvous, proximity operations, and docking (ARPOD) environments, with consideration to the inherent drawbacks of the more common algorithms present in the field. We present hierarchical model-based RL as a solution to an autonomous docking problem. This algorithm can learn satellite parameters, extrapolate trajectory information, and learn uncertain dynamics via data collection. By using gradient-free model predictive control logic, the algorithm can handle nondifferentiable objectives and complex constraints. Lastly, the hierarchical structure demonstrates an ability to generate feasible trajectories in the presence of integrated third-party subcontrollers commonly found in spacecraft. This study highlights the ability of the hierarchical algorithm to combine and manipulate third-party subpolicies to achieve trajectories not previously trained on.
Effects of Wave Parameters on Load Reduction Performance for Amphibious Aircraft with V-Hydrofoil
Authors: Lu Yujin , Deng Shuanghou , Chen Yuanhang , Xiao Tianhang , Chen Jichang , Liu Fan , Song Sichen , Wu Bin
Published: March 2024

An investigation of the influence of the hydrofoil on load reduction performance during an amphibious aircraft landing on still and wavy water is conducted by solving the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations coupled with the standard [Formula: see text] turbulence model in this paper. During the simulations, the numerical wave tank is realized by using the velocity-inlet boundary wave maker coupled with damping wave elimination techniques on the outlet, while the volume of fluid model is employed to track the water–air interface. Subsequently, the effects of geometric parameters of hydrofoil have been first discussed on still water, which indicates the primary factor influencing the load reduction is the static load coefficient of hydrofoil. Furthermore, the effects of descent velocity, wave length, and wave height on load reduction are comprehensively investigated. The results show that the vertical load reduces by more than 55% at the early stage of landing on the still water by assembling the hydrofoil for different descent velocity cases. Meanwhile, for amphibious aircraft with high forward velocity, the bottom of the fuselage will come into close contact with the first wave when landing in crest position, and then the forebody will impact the next wave surface with extreme force. In this circumstance, the load reduction rate decreases to around 30%, which will entail a further decline with the increase in wave length or wave height.
Low-Thrust Trajectory Optimization with Averaged Dynamics Using Analytical Switching Detection
Authors: Wu Di , Cheng Lin , Gong Shengping , Baoyin Hexi
Published: March 2024

This paper presents an efficient indirect optimization method for the time- and fuel-optimal low-thrust many-revolution transfers with averaged dynamics. Compared with the previous indirect method, the proposed method involves a new set of variables and several near-optimal control laws to formulate the two-point boundary value problem based on three practical assumptions. Then, the costate transformations between two reference frames are first derived with respect to the the corresponding Eulerian angles, such that the switching function can be expressed with a six-degree polynomial function and the number of parameters used to determine the energy-optimal solutions is reduced to 6. Finally, a neural network is trained to generated the initial guesses, and the solution algorithms for solving the time- and fuel-optimal problem are formulated. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the convergence ratio of initial guesses is higher than [Formula: see text], the proposed assumptions are reasonable for guaranteeing the near optimality, and the presented method can obtain convergent solutions within tenths of a second for the Earth- and moon-centered external/interior transfers considering the shadow [Formula: see text] and third-body perturbations.
Manejo da dor em pacientes pós neurocirurgia
Authors: Cancian Pâmela Daiana , Araújo Priscila Xavier de , Silveira-Sabbá Amanda da Costa , Santiago Ariel Tavares , Wada Arthur , Silva Dyana Melkys Borges da , Santos Jamile Cristina Conceição , Silva Keurry Lourhane Costa , Guimarães Luanda Brasil , Soares Mariana Reis
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: Descrever sobre os procedimentos de manejo da dor em pacientes que realizaram neurocirurgia. Revisão bibliográfica: Os resultados do estudo demonstraram que pacientes pós-neurocirurgia frequentemente têm comorbidades, como ansiedade, depressão e distúrbios do sono, que podem afetar a percepção e a tolerância à dor, sendo que o tratamento adequado dessas comorbidades pode melhorar o controle da dor e a qualidade de vida do paciente. Além disso, foi possível observar que pacientes pós-neurocirurgia frequentemente têm comorbidades, como ansiedade, depressão e distúrbios do sono, que podem afetar a percepção e a tolerância à dor. O tratamento adequado dessas comorbidades pode melhorar o controle da dor e a qualidade de vida do paciente. Considerações finais: Como conclusão ressalta-se a relevância fornecer informações adequadas ao paciente sobre sua condição, os tratamentos disponíveis e as expectativas de recuperação. Além disso, o suporte emocional e o envolvimento de familiares ou cuidadores podem ajudar a melhorar a adesão ao tratamento e o manejo da dor.
Effect of low-intensity laser therapy on levels of biomarkers during orthodontic tooth movement – A systematic review
Authors: Arya Rishika , Bhad Wasundhara Ashok , Chavan Santosh Jetu
Published: March 2024

This systematic review aimed to explore the association between low-intensity laser therapy (LILT) and various biomarkers, elucidating the potential of this therapeutic modality to expedite orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). A systematic literature search was conducted using electronic databases including PubMed, Central of the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized controlled clinical trials (nRCTs) using LILT as an adjunct to the standard orthodontic procedures in human and animal subjects as participants were included in the study. The quality of the human and animal studies was assessed using the Revised Cochrane risk of bias tool and Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation’s (SYRCLE’s) risk of bias tool respectively. Animal studies revealed increased receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and collagen type I expression. Human studies showed elevated interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β), interleukin-16 (IL-16) and RANKL levels, suggesting LILT influences biomarkers associated with bone resorption and connective tissue rearrangement. A high risk of bias was observed in all animal studies and 5 out of 6 human studies. The systematic review concluded that LILT emerges as a promising technique for enhancing orthodontic tooth movement, influencing key biomarkers linked to osteoclastic activity and collagen synthesis. However, the high risk of bias in animal and human studies emphasizes the need for further research to validate findings and optimize laser parameters for clinical benefits.
Iodine quantification of renal lesions: Preliminary results using spectral-based material extraction on photon-counting CT
Authors: Tóth Adrienn , Chamberlin Jordan H. , Mendez Salvador , Varga-Szemes Akos , Hardie Andrew D.
Published: March 2024

Objectives:

To assess the range of quantitative iodine values in renal cysts (RC) (with a few renal neoplasms [RNs] as a comparison) to develop an expected range of values for RC that can be used in future studies for their differentiation.

Material and Methods:

Consecutive patients (n = 140) with renal lesions who had undergone abdominal examination on a clinical photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) were retrospectively included. Automated iodine quantification maps were reconstructed, and region of interest (ROI) measurements of iodine concentration (IC) (mg/cm3) were performed on whole renal lesions. In addition, for heterogeneous lesions, a secondary ROI was placed on the area most suspicious for malignancy. The discriminatory values of minimum, maximum, mean, and standard deviation for IC were compared using simple logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves (area under the curve [AUC]).

Results:

A total of 259 renal lesions (243 RC and 16 RN) were analyzed. There were significant differences between RC and RN for all IC measures with the best-performing metrics being mean and maximum IC of the entire lesion ROI (AUC 0.912 and 0.917, respectively) but also mean and minimum IC of the most suspicious area in heterogeneous lesions (AUC 0.983 and 0.992, respectively). Most RC fell within a range of low measured iodine values although a few had higher values.

Conclusion:

Automated iodine quantification maps reconstructed from clinical PCCT have a high diagnostic ability to differentiate RCs and neoplasms. The data from this pilot study can be used to help establish quantitative values for clinical differentiation of renal lesions.
A technique for reconstruction of a giant extracranial internal carotid artery aneurysm: A technical note
Authors: Hashio Atsushi , Sato Hiroki , Lepić Milan , Suzuki Kaima , Satoh Tsugumi , Nemoto Shin , Kuribara Seiji , Ito Yuhei , Suzuki Shun , Lee Ichi , Teranishi Akio , Yanagawa Taro , Ikeda Toshiki , Ooigawa Hidetoshi , Kurita Hiroki
Published: March 2024

Background:

Surgery is effective for extracranial internal carotid artery (EICA) aneurysms. However, the risk of cranial nerve injury associated with surgical repair, such as graft-assisted resection and extracranial-intracranial bypass techniques, is relatively high. Here, we report two cases of surgical treatment for EICA aneurysms and describe the surgical techniques and strategies to avoid cranial nerve injury.

Methods:

Two patients presented to our facility with an increasing cervical pulsatile mass and no neurological symptoms. Angiography showed a large aneurysm in the cervical internal carotid artery. Surgical treatment was performed to prevent rupture of the aneurysm. In both patients, the aneurysm was strongly attached to the vagus nerve. The aneurysm and vagus nerve were carefully dissected using a low-power bipolar (20 Malis; 3 watts), leaving connective tissue on the vagus nerve side.

Results:

The aneurysm was detached from the vagus nerve without injury. Based on intraoperative findings, one patient underwent clipping, and the other underwent aneurysmectomy and primary closure for aneurysm obliteration and angioplasty. Both patients were discharged without any cranial nerve dysfunction.

Conclusion:

The selection of a strategy based on intraoperative findings and low-power bipolar cutting is important for the treatment of extracranial carotid artery aneurysms to preserve cranial nerves.
Cortical incisions and transcortical approaches for intra-axial and intraventricular lesions: A scoping review
Authors: Hoz Samer S. , Ismail Mustafa , Palmisciano Paolo , Al-Khazaali Younus M. , Saleh Saleh A. , Muthana Ahmed , Forbes Jonathan A. , Prestigiacomo Charles J. , Zuccarello Mario , Andaluz Norberto
Published: March 2024

Background:

Transcortical approaches, encompassing various surgical corridors, have been employed to treat an array of intraparenchymal or intraventricular brain pathologies, including tumors, vascular malformations, infections, intracerebral hematomas, and epileptic surgery. Designing cortical incisions relies on the lesion location and characteristics, knowledge of eloquent functional anatomy, and advanced imaging such as tractography. Despite their widespread use in neurosurgery, there is a noticeable lack of systematic studies examining their common lobe access points, associated complications, and prevalent pathologies. This scoping review assesses current evidence to guide the selection of transcortical approaches for treating a variety of intracranial pathologies.

Methods:

A scoping review was conducted using the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, searching PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies were included if ≥5 patients operated on using transcortical approaches, with reported data on clinical features, treatments, and outcomes. Data analysis and synthesis were performed.

Results:

A total of 50 articles encompassing 2604 patients were included in the study. The most common primary pathology was brain tumors (60.6%), particularly gliomas (87.4%). The transcortical-transtemporal approach was the most frequently identified cortical approach (70.48%), and the temporal lobe was the most accessed brain lobe (55.68%). The postoperative course outcomes were reported as good (55.52%), poor (28.38%), and death (14.62%).

Conclusion:

Transcortical approaches are crucial techniques for managing a wide range of intracranial lesions, with the transcortical-transtemporal approach being the most common. According to the current literature, the selective choice of cortical incision and surgical corridor based on the lesion’s pathology and anatomic-functional location correlates with acceptable functional outcomes.
Coping the recurrent flood risk in Antananarivo City: Societal impacts based on the KJ method and approach by feedback from previous studies
Authors: Zy Misa H.R. , Zy Harifidy R. , Soatsitohaina Ravaonjalitera R.
Published: March 2024

This study aims to assess the vulnerability of the community and its resilience to flooding. The approach on feedback from the previous studies on flood risk in Antananarivo city in combination with the KJ method is chosen as a methodology. The passage of tropical storm ANA in January 2022 demonstrates that 1) flood risks often occur in the city, but public perception of the risk remains low. 2) several studies have assessed the flood risk in Antananarivo city; however, those studies were not valorized by the Government and the different entities in charge of the disaster risk reduction. 3) the findings of the KJ method highlight that the physical factors and human factors were identified as the main issues for managing the flood risk in Antananarivo city. The water level of the Ikopa River increased by over 37.5m in January 2022 which demonstrated the flood event in the city. This study outlines that the ability to adapt to a natural disaster for the local population first depends on their standard of living, especially in economic terms while for local authorities, it is manifested in numerous adjustments. This study recommends the local Government to take the flood disaster as a priority and provide training to the vulnerable community.
A Risk-Based strategy for the Scour Analysis around bridge piers
Authors: Dalal Biswajit , Deb Subhrajyoti
Published: March 2024

Local scour around bridge piers, especially during high floods, has been a critical issue for both the safety and serviceability of bridge foundations for decades. The objective of this study is to implement a risk-based strategy to account for local scour near the bridge piers. The methodology comprises of four fundamental steps wherein the first step involves evaluating hydrological hazards of an extreme nature. To precisely estimate the behavior of the river, the second phase uses several flow properties and depth of scour. In the third phase, the risk of scour connected with the bridge is evaluated by comparing the scour depth (DT) with foundation depth (DF) with a prioritizing factor (PF) which aids in determining the qualitative assessment of the scour risk. Lastly, an assessment of the risk of scour rating is assigned to find out the severity of the scour risk for the bridge piers. The present research discusses the incorporation of uncertainty in hydrological modeling through a predictive approach in the definition of the return period. To simulate flow parameters and assess bridge scour, the HEC-RAS program is utilized which incorporates a scour module. The study concludes with a qualitative evaluation of the impact of scouring on bridge susceptibility and safety. A case study on the Netaji Subhas Bridge across the Gomati (Gumti) river, Tripura served to validate the risk-based technique and it has been suggested that it can be effectively integrated into routine schedules for bridge examinations as a reliable risk management tool to avoid disastrous incidents.
SET-LRP - A Convenient Polymerization Method to Produce Rapid and Controlled Polymers
Authors: Haridharan Neelamegan
Published: March 2024

In this review study, the principles and evolution of Single Electron Transfer - Living Radical Polymerization (SET-LRP) together with the methodologies currently applied by researchers are discussed. It is considered that the techniques developed by Percec et al will be able to help the researchers and other industrial experts to practice, develop and invent new concepts and methodologies for SET-LRP. This renew deals with general mechanistic feature explained by Percec that undergoes a metal catalysed living radical polymerization by rapid activation and deactivation steps. In addition, the advantage of metal catalysed LRP, in mediating rapid polymerization and retain chain-end functionality necessary for reinitiating in block copolymerization can also be well explained.
Krónikus veseelégtelenség szívelégtelenség miatt hospitalizált betegeknél
Authors: Tomcsányi János , Arányi Péter , Kántor Zita , Csizmadia Zoltán
Published: March 2024

A vizsgálat célja: A szívelégtelenség miatt hospitalizált betegeknél a valós és a diagnózisba kerülő krónikus veseelégtelenség gyakoriságának felmérése, a diagnózis rögzítését befolyásoló tényezők felmérése. Módszer és betegek: Retrospektív adatgyűjtés egy kardiológia osztályon a szívelégtelenséggel kezelt betegeknél 6 hónapos időtartamban. A szívelégtelenség diagnózisa a klinikum, az emelkedett NT-proBNP-érték és az echokardiográfiás vizsgálatokon alapult. A CKD-diagnózisnak egyedül a 60 ml/min/f alatti eGFR-értéket vettük. Eredmények: A hospitalizált szívelégtelen betegeknél 61%-ban volt CKD, ugyanakkor a CKD-s betegeknél a diagnózisban ez csak 31,8%-a lett rögzítve. A CKD diagnózisban való megjelenését az eGFR súlyossága befolyásolta legjobban, a szívelégtelenség formája kevésbé és a társbetegségként szereplő diabétesz egyáltalán nem befolyásolta. A diagnosztizált CKD-s betegek kisebb százalékban részesültek RAAS-gátló és SGLT2-gátló kezelésben. Következtetések: A krónikus vesebetegség egy gyakori, de aluldiagnosztizált kísérője a szívelégtelenségnek, amire az SGLT2-gátlók kedvező hatása miatt a jövőben nagyobb figyelmet kell fordítani.
Scalable Approach to Molecular Motor-Polymer Conjugates for Light-Driven Artificial Muscles
Authors: Walther Andreas , Yao Xuyang , Vishnu Jude , Lupfer Claudius , Hoenders Daniel , Skarsetzt Oliver , Chen Weixiang , Dattler Damien , Perrot Alexis , Wang Wen-Zhi , Gao Chuan , Giuseppone Nicolas , Schmid Friederike
Published: March 2024

The integration of molecular machines and motors into materials represents a promising avenue for creating dynamic and functional molecular systems, with potential applications in soft robotics or reconfigurable biomaterials. However, the development of truly scalable and controllable approaches for incorporating molecular motors into polymeric matrices has remained a challenge. Here, we show that light-driven molecular motors with sensitive photo-isomerizable double bonds can be converted into initiators for Cu-mediated controlled/living radical polymerization enabling the synthesis of star-shaped motor-polymer conjugates. This approach enables scalability, precise control over molecular structure, block copolymer structures, and high end group fidelity. Moreover, we demonstrate that these materials can be crosslinked to form gels with quasi-ideal network topology, exhibiting light-triggered contraction. We investigate the influence of arm length and polymer structure, and develop the first molecular dynamics simulation framework to gain deeper insights into the contraction processes. Leveraging this scalable methodology, we showcase the creation of bilayer soft robotic devices and cargo-lifting artificial muscles, highlighting the versatility and potential applications of this advanced polymer chemistry approach. We anticipate that our integrated experimental and simulation framework will accelerate scalable approaches for active polymer materials based on molecular machines, opening up new horizons in materials science and bioscience.
Unprecedented Bonding Dynamics during THF and DMSO Molecular Hydration
Authors: Sun Changqing , Zhou Yong
Published: March 2024

Hydration of organic molecules determines the fascinating properties of aqueous solutions with challenges for understanding the bonding and electronic dynamics. We found three types of unusual interactions in terms of the O/C−H:O coupling hydrogen bonds, the charge-inverted H:O-C and H:O=S, and the HH repulsion bridged CHHO interactions at the THF and DMSO hydration interfaces. Perturbative differential phonon spectroscopy and the first-principles computations further unveiled that the polarization effects of solute dipoles and the inter- and intramolecular coupling interactions cooperatively and disparately relax these bonds. These findings shall enrich the connotation of hydration interfacial bonding profoundly by incorporating the inter- and intramolecular coupling, charge inversion, and the coupling-enabled cooperativity and polarizability upon perturbation, which should offer impacts on dealing with systems involving molecular interactions, such as cryoprotectants, electrolytes, etc.
Simulation-Guided Conformational Space Exploration to Assess Reactive Conformations of a Ribozyme
Authors: Forget Sélène , Juillé Marie , Duboué-Dijon Élise , Stirnemann Guillaume
Published: March 2024

Self-splicing ribozymes are small RNA enzymes that catalyze their own cleavage through a transphosphoesterification reaction. While this process is involved in some specific steps of viral RNA replication and splicing, it is also of importance in the context of the (putative) first autocatalytic RNA-based systems that could have preceded the emergence of modern life. The uncatalyzed phosphoesterbond formation is thermodynamically very unfavorable, and many experimental studies have focused on the understanding of the molecular features of catalysis in these ribozymes. However, chemical reaction paths are short-lived and not easily characterized by experimental approaches, so that molecular simulation approaches appear as an ideal tool to unveil the molecular details of the reaction. Here, we focus on the model hairpin ribozyme and highlight that identifying a relevant initial conformation for reactivity studies can be highly challenging due to limitations in both available X-ray and the force field accuracy, together with the necessity of extensive sampling. This is frequently overlooked in mixed quantum/classical studies that predominantly concentrate on the chemical reaction itself. These challenges stem from limitations in both available experimental structures (which are chemically altered to prevent self-cleavage) and the accuracy of force fields, together with the necessity for comprehensive sampling. We show that molecular dynamics simulations, combined with extensive conformational phase space exploration with Hamiltonian replica-exchange simulations, enable to characterize the relevant conformational basins of the minimal hairpin ribozyme in the ligated state, prior to self-cleavage. With all investigated force fields, we find that what is usually considered as a canonical reactive conformation with active site geometries and hydrogen-bond patterns that are optimal for the addition-elimination reaction with general acid/general base catalysis, is metastable and only marginally populated. The thermodynamically stable conformation appears to be consistent with the expectations of a mechanism that does not require the direct participation of ribozyme residues to the reaction. Our study therefore demonstrates that identifying the most pertinent reactant state conformation, holds equal importance alongside the accurate determination of the thermodynamics and kinetics of the chemical steps of the reaction.
Tc(VII)/Tc(V) direct coordination with secondary building unit of uranyl hybrid materials and their isolation as molecular cluster
Authors: Shohel Mohammad , Nyman May
Published: March 2024

Tc-99 oxoanion pertechnetate (TcO4-), reduced Tc species and actinides co-exist in spent nuclear fuel/legacy waste and co-extract together during reprocessing. Herein, we reported five new molecular cluster/extended structures with pentameric/tetrameric uranyl building units directly coordinated to oxoanion TcO4-/ReO4- (surrogate) and reduced technetium cation Tc(V). The isolation and characterization of these new compounds will be useful in furthuring the understanding of coordination between Tc species and actinides, which is critical for their efficient seperation/recovery.
Leptochelins A-C, Cytotoxic Metallophores Produced by Geographically Dispersed Leptothoe Strains of Marine Cyanobacteria
Authors: Avalon Nicole E. , Reis Mariana A. , Thornburg Christopher C. , Williamson R. Thomas , Petras Daniel , Aron Allegra T. , Neuhaus George F. , Al-Hindy Momen , Mitrevska Jana , Ferreira Leonor , Morais João , El Abiead Yasin , Glukhov Evgenia , Alexander Kelsey L. , Vulpanovici F. Alexandra , Bertin Matthew J. , Whitner Syrena , Choi Hyukjae , Spengler Gabriella , Blinov Kirill , Almohammadi Ameen M. , Shaala Lamiaa A. , Kew William R. , Paša-Tolić Ljiljana , Youssef Diaa T. A. , Dorrestein Pieter C. , Vasconcelos Vitor , Gerwick Lena , McPhail Kerry L. , Gerwick William H.
Published: March 2024

Metals are important co-factors in the metabolic processes of cyanobacteria including photosynthesis, cellular respiration, DNA replication, and the biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites. In adaptation to the marine environment, cyanobacteria use metallophores to acquire trace metals when necessary as well as reduce potential toxicity from excessive metal concentrations. Leptochelins A-C were identified as structurally novel metallophores from three geographically dispersed cyanobacteria of the genus Leptothoe. The leptochelins are halogenated linear NRPS-PKS hybrid products with multiple heterocycles that have potential for hexadentate and tetradentate coordination with metal ions. The genomes of the three leptochelin producers were sequenced, and retrobiosynthetic analysis revealed one candidate biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) consistent with the structure of leptochelin. The putative BGC is highly homologous in all three Leptothoe strains, and all possess genetic signatures associated with metallophores. Post-column infusion of metals using an LC-MS metabolomics workflow performed with leptochelin A and B revealed promiscuous binding of iron, copper, cobalt, and zinc, but with greatest preference for copper. Iron depletion and copper toxicity experiments support the hypothesis that leptochelin metallophores may play a key ecological role in iron acquisition and in copper detoxification. In addition, the leptochelins possess significant cytotoxicity against several cancer cell lines.
A Renormalized Doubly Hybrid Method Enhanced with Machine Learning for a Unified Treatment of Static and Dynamic Correlations
Authors: Wang Yizhen , Lin Zihan , Ouyang Runhai , Jiang Bin , Zhang Igor Ying , Xu Xin
Published: March 2024

The accurate description of the static correlation poses a persistent challenge for electronic structure theory, particularly when it has to be concurrently considered with the dynamic correlation. We develop here a renormalized XYG3-type doubly hybrid method, named R-xDH7, which effectively captures a large portion of the static correlation alongside a broad range of the dynamic correlation, showing a marked improvement over contemporary state-of-the-art doubly hybrid (DH) density functional theory methods. By utilizing a hybrid machine learning algorithm that synergistically combines symbolic and nonlinear parameter regression, we further devise a general-purpose model for the static correlation correction (SCC) specifically adapted to R-xDH7. The resultant R-xDH7-SCC15 method achieves an unprecedented accuracy in capturing the static correlation, while maintaining a good description of the dynamic correlation on par with the best DH approximations. Extensive benchmark studies validate the robustness and transferability of R-xDH7-SCC15 across diverse chemical systems. Notably, it displays exceptional aptitude in providing precise characterizations of complex reaction mechanisms beyond the equilibrium regions where static correlation effects are significant. These findings signify a substantial enhancement in the predictive power of computational chemistry, marking a significant stride in the field of electronic-structure theory.
Region-based convolutional neural networks for occluded person re-identification
Authors: Islam Atiqul , Tsun Mark Tee Kit , Theng Lau Bee , Chua Caslon
Published: March 2024

In a variety of applications, including intelligent surveillance systems, targeted tracking, and assistive human-following robots, the ability to accurately identify individuals even when they are partially obscured is imperative. Such Continuous person tracking is complicated by the close similarity between the appearance of people and target occlusions. This study addresses this significant challenge by proposing a two-step, detection-first approach that uses a region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN) as the re-identification (re-ID)solution. The model is specifically trained to detect occluded persons at different levels of occlusion before forwarding the image for the re-ID process. Three occluded-specific datasets are selected to evaluate the model's effectiveness in detecting occluded people. There are 379 distinct people in total, and each has five images obstructed from different angles. A sample of the data is taken to simulate various environment settings, and new data points are generated with different degrees of occlusion to assess how well the model performs under varying levels of obstruction. The findings demonstrate that the proposed person re-ID model is reliable in most circumstances, correctly re-identifying at 74% (Rank-1) and 90% (Rank-5). Although there is a decrease in accuracy as the number of distinctive people in the dataset increases, this does not significantly impact the tracking performance in various applications, which are expected to recognize a single person or a small group of individuals. Future works will explore refining similarity matching algorithms by delving into robust image comparison techniques, thereby addressing the challenges presented by occlusions. A critical aspect is to assess the model under diverse lighting conditions and investigate scenarios with multiple individuals in a frame. It is also beneficial to exploit high-resolution datasets, such as DukeMTMC-reID, and integrate finer contextual details, like clothing or carried objects. These collective efforts are essential for optimizing the model’s efficacy in practical applications and advancing person re-ID technologies.
IoT-based ultrasonic sensors and buzzer systems in home security
Authors: Tejas Patel
Published: March 2024

With the increasing demand for security in various aspects of daily life, including homes, the need for reliable and costeffective security systems has increased. This paper presents an Internet of Things (IoT)-based approach to home security utilizing ultrasonic sensors and buzzer systems. The proposed system, implemented using Arduino microcontrollers, offers a wireless solution for detecting intruders within a specified range using ultrasonic sensors. Upon detecting an object, the system activates a piezoelectric buzzer, effectively acting as an alarm. Additionally, the sensor data is processed to generate a graphical representation, providing visual feedback on obstruction status. A servo motor is employed to rotate the ultrasonic sensor, extending the coverage area. The system's setup, working principle, advantages, drawbacks, and future scope are discussed, highlighting its potential for enhancing home security while offering flexibility for future enhancements and integration with advanced features.