bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of pre-heat temperature on the microstructure and abrasive wear properties of laser metal deposited near-eutectic Fe-28Cr-2.9C alloy
Authors: Sun Shi D. , Fabijanic Daniel , Annasamy Murugesan , Gallo Santiago Corujeira , Fordyce Ian , Leary Martin , Easton Mark , Brandt Milan
Published: June 2020

Fe-Cr-C near-eutectic alloys are commonly used in wear resistant parts in mining applications, due to their excellent erosion and abrasion wear resistance. Laser metal deposition is an additive technology that presents opportunities for manufacturing mining components, as well as repairing worn areas of wear resistant parts. However, Fe-Cr-C hypoeutectic alloys are very hard and brittle and are often considered “unweldable” due to the lack of ductility required to accommodate thermal stresses. Therefore, controlling key processing parameters, such as preheating temperature and cooling rate, plays a crucial role in achieving crack-free layers with a refined microstructure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of substrate preheat temperature on the microstructure and wear properties of laser metal deposited Fe-28Cr-2.9C alloy. The microstructure and wear properties were analyzed for three different preheating conditions. The microstructure consisted of a near-eutectic structure consisting of M7C3 carbides + austenite, which has been mostly transformed to martensite. Increasing the preheating temperature increased the carbide size and retained austenite in the matrix, which was detrimental for the wear resistance.
Investigation on fiber laser irradiation of transparent polycarbonate
Authors: Chen Guojie , Wang Z. K. , Tan Kok Keat , Xie Hong , Wang Xincai
Published: June 2020

The study aims to understand the carbonization mechanism when an ns NIR transparent fiber laser beam irradiation of polycarbonate (PC) instead of irradiation using a UV laser beam or ultrashort pulsed laser beam. It reveals that PC can be decomposed with an ns transparent 1064 nm laser beam. The laser fluence threshold under which to cause ablation in PC was not a constant value. The threshold decreased as the scanning pulse number increased. The threshold fluence was above 2.9 J/cm2 at irradiation with 10 pulses. The threshold fluence was above 11.6 mJ/cm2 at irradiation with 2 pulses. The optical transmittance of PC was decreased under laser irradiation. The optical transmittance was reduced by 50% and 90% at laser fluence of 2.9 J/cm2 and 11.6 J/cm2, respectively, at irradiation with 15 pulses. In addition, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements show that the C/O ratio was reduced 20.8% and 33.2%, respectively. The water contact angle was reduced due to the carbon loss at the PC surface. Inside marking of PC produced a darker contrast than surface marking due to that the carbon was lost at the surface, in contrary, carbonate concentration remained when marking inside the bulk of PC.
APLIKASI LATIHAN RENTANG GERAK DENGAN BERBAGAI PENDEKATAN PADA PASIEN STROKE
Authors: Diah Purnamayanti Ni Kadek , Pari Usemahu Nurma Yuni , M Fatih Haris , Layun Marina Kristi
Published: June 2020

Stroke secara patofisiologis terjadi sebagai dampak iskemia atau hemoragi pada pembuluh darah otak yang berkontribusi pada angka mortalitas dan morbiditas yang tinggi. Angka morbiditas yang tinggi berimplikasi pada  pembiayaan rehabilitasi yang mahal dan angka ketergantungan yang tinggi. Berdasarkan kesenjangan tersebut studi ini bertujuan untuk mengeksloprasi berbagai pendekatan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas program rehabilitasi stroke. Studi literatur ini dilakukan melalui telusur online di 3 data base yaitu Google Scholar, Scopus dan Sage Journal. Adapun kriteria inklusi dalam proses penelusuran antara lain publikasi dalam rentang 2013-2018 dan ditulis dalam Bahasa Inggris. Sedangkan literatur akan diekslusi apabila tidak dapat diakses full text, design penelitiannya bukan RCT, konten tidak relevan dengan outcome yang diinginkan,  dan tidak memenuhi critical appraisal. Pencarian kata kunci yang digunakan adalahstroke patient AND post stroke care OR rehabilitation AND family based OR family care giver OR self exercise. Hasil studi terdapat 11 penelitian dengan desain RCT. Pendekatan berfokus pada latihan rentang gerak peningkatan kekuatan otot ekstremitas dapat dilakukan dengan memberdayakan pasien dan keluarga. Penggunaan alat bantu latihan dengan media virtual dapat membuat suasana latihan menyenangkan dan meningkatkan motivasi pasien.
EFEKTIVITAS MINYAK BIJI Jatropha curcas MENGENDALIKAN KEPIK PENGHISAP POLONG KEDELAI Nezara viridula (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE) DI RUMAH KASA
Authors: Asmanizar Asmanizar , Aldywaridha Aldywaridha , Sumantri Edy , Damanik Ardiansyah Putra
Published: June 2020

Green Stink Bug Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an important pest on soybean. The yield losses could be qualitatively and quantitatively. Controlling by using synthetic insecticide caused negative impact. Hence, controlling by using botanical insecticide was as an alternative. The study was conducted at wire house, to know the effect of J. curcas seed oil concentration on N. viridula mortality, pod damaged, empty pod, seed damaged and dry seed weight. The J. curcas seed oil was obtained by Soxhlet Extractor. The concentration of J. curcas seed oil as the treatment, viz. 0% (control); 0.125; 0.25 dan 0.5% (volume oil/volume solution,v/v), and the water as solution applied on soybean plant which was infested of ten N. viridula adult. The result showed all variable observed affected by J. curcas seed oil concentration. The 0.25 and 0.5% concentration showed the mortality reached 95.0 and 100% at 6 days after treatment, while,  pod damaged was 7.34 and 1.84%; empty pod was 25.32%, seed damaged was 3.72 and 0.78% and weight of dry seed was 9.94 and 10.44 g.  The weight of dry seed at control treatment was 5.52 g. The J. curcas seed oil at 0.5% of concentration has a potency to control N. viridula on soybean plant. There is a need further study to know the effectivity on soybean in the field.
KERUSAKAN PASCAPANEN PADA UBI KAYU HASIL PEMULIAAN SELAMA PENYIMPANAN
Authors: Heldiyanti Rina , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Khumaida Nurul , Darmawati Emmy
Published: June 2020

Postharvest deterioration is a major problem which is an obstacle for cassava handling both for conventional cassava variety and mutant variety. There are two types of postharvest deterioration on cassava, namely postharvest primary deterioration (PPD) or primer deterioration of physiological deterioration, and microbiological deterioration. Damage can be minimized by carrying out storage in optimal conditions. This study aimed to determine the level of postharvest deterioration on cassava variety R and U during 35 days of storage. The storage treatment was storage consist of 1) wooden boxes and moist sawdust storage (P1)  and  2)control storage (P2). The results indicated that RP2 and UP2  produced physiological deterioration by 25% on the 7th day of storage and reached 100% on the 35th day of storage. Meanwhile, the percentage of microbiological deterioration reached more than 20% on the 14th day of storage. On the other hand,  RP1 and RP2 indicated good results. Both varieties experienced only less than 25% physiological deterioration and did not experience microbiological deterioration during storage.
PERTUMBUHAN DAN PATOGENISITAS BEBERAPA ISOLAT MUTAN Metarhizium anisopliae TERHADAP HAMA PENGHISAP POLONG (Riptortus linearis)
Authors: Astuti Puji , Fitriana Yuyun , Wibowo Lestari , Susilo FX
Published: June 2020

Growth and pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae mutant isolates on pod sucking bug (Riptortus linearis). This study aimed to determine the growth ability of Metarhizium anisopliae mutant (colony diameter, spore density, and viability) and the ability of M. anisopliae to cause mortality in pod sucking bug(Riptortus linearis). The study conducted at the Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. The study began in December 2016 - April 2017. M. anisopliae used in this study were isolate B wildtype (MYFT B), mutant M. anisopliae 1 (MYFT 1), mutant M. anisopliae 42 (MYFT 42), and M. mutant anisopliae 51 (MYFT 51). The results of this study indicated that the Myft B isolate (wildtype) had the widest diameter (5.50 cm) with the highest spore density in the MYFT 42 mutant isolate (7.4000 x 108 spores / ml) and the highest viability in theMYFT 51 mutant isolate (96.750% ). MYFT 51 and MYFT 42 mutant isolates were able to cause 100 % mortality of R. linearis and significantly higher compared to the MYFT 1 mutant isolates and wildtype MYFT B.
Profil Kebermaknaan Hidup Siswa Membolos
Authors: Putri Viqri Novielza , Ifdil Ifdil , Yusri Yusri , Yendi Frischa Meivilona
Published: June 2020

Traunt behavior is a negative bahavior in students that does not reflect the meaning of life, where the meaning of life is characterized by positive attitude and behaviors aimed at the future. The meaning of life is an individual condition that lives positively and passion to achieve the goal set. This paper aims to describe the concepts of the meaning of life, aspects of the meaning of life, factors of the meaning of life, and it’s relation to traunt student behavior. The method used the study literature, and data analysis technique use is by observation and interviews. The result of the discussion aimed that traunt students had a low meaningful life. This show that the meaning of life is very important for students to have a good behavior aimed at their future. The provision of counseling services by guidance and counseling teachers in school can help students to have the meaning of life.
Características de las luciérnagas: determinación de la intensidad de emisión luminosa
Authors: Escobar Mejía Ignacio
Published: June 2020

Se estudian las diferentes características que presentan las luciérnagas, comenzando por su clasificación taxonómica, la producción de la luz por los insectos y las unidades de iluminación del Sistema Internacional de Unidades. Se analizan los diferentes valores de luminosidad encontrados por otros autores y se describe un método sencillo para determinarla utilizando equipos accesibles en cualquier laboratorio básico electrónico. De un total de 154 insectos capturados, 53 probablemente fueron hembras y producen valores de luminosidad iguales a 3,6 milicandelas (mcd); 82 insectos probablemente machos producen una luminosidad igual a 2,2 mcd. Se encuentran otros 19 ejemplares inciertos cuyo patrón de iluminación no pudo definirse claramente.
Do “Bloco Laminar” à “Torre”: habitação em altura e sua contextualização ao tecido no caso de Punta Del Este (1950-1980) | From the “Laminar Block” to the “Tower”: vertical housing and its contextualization to urban fabric in Punta Del Este (1950-1980)
Authors: Luccas Luís Henrique Haas
Published: June 2020

Transposta para a prática ampla, a arquitetura moderna adotou a configuração do “bloco laminar”, nos anos 1950 estendidos, para aumentar a densi­dade habitacional e liberar o solo simultaneamente através da verticalização; e isso coloca em pauta a dimensão referencial da Unidade de Habitação de Marselha. Na década de 1960, ocorre a rápida ascensão da tipologia “torre” ao status de solução canônica, substituindo a configuração anterior. O estudo examina criticamente o fenômeno através do caso circunscrito de Punta del Este, onde foram projetados dez edifícios altos entre 1950 e 1962, ocorrendo um único exemplar precursor de torre projetado no final do período, em 1960. Outro obje­tivo do trabalho é o reconhecimento da experiência qualificada com habitação vertical realizada no bal­neário uruguaio, entre 1950 e 1980, demonstrando a busca de contextualização das duas configurações modernas ao tecido tradicional, que atingiu con­tornos exemplares em alguns casos. Para isso foi realizado o levantamento in loco do conjunto de “blocos laminares” e “torres” construídos no local delimitado ao longo das três décadas analisadas. Os dados para a análise foram extraídos das fontes primárias consultadas e da historiografia que vem sendo constituída de modo recente naquele país.
Apresentação: “Representações do guerreiro, do sábio e do soberano na narrativa: a figura de Alexandre e outros heróis da Antiguidade na literatura, na história, nas artes e no cinema”
Authors: Brandão Bernardo , Ipiranga Júnior Pedro , Garraffoni Renata Senna
Published: June 2020

Em dezembro de 2018, entre os dias 04 e 07, foi realizado o VIII Simpósio Antigos e Modernos: “Alexandre...Alexandre! Alexandre: aspectos do guerreiro, do sábio e do soberano na narrativa”. O tema central do evento concernia à figura de Alexandre, de maneira particular, e às representações do soberano, do sábio e do guerreiro na narrativa, de modo mais geral. A ideia central era discutir os aspectos biográficos, históricos e literários dessas representações na Modernidade e Antiguidade, tendo como perspectiva inicial a constituição da obra mais conhecida como Romance de Alexandre, e, de forma mais ampla, refletir sobre a recepção de Alexandre e de outras figuras míticas e históricas na história, na literatura e nas artes. Tendo como base alguns desses trabalhos apresentados no Simpósio de 2018, foram reunidos no presente dossiê diversos artigos segundo um duplo enquadramento: na primeira parte, trabalhos que tematizam, de forma mais centrada e direta, o Romance de Alexandre; na segunda parte, aqueles trabalhos cuja tônica recai sobre a recepção da cultura clássica, a partir da assimilação e retomada da figura do guerreiro, do sábio e do soberano em suas interrelações nos registros da literatura, da história, das artes e, mais especificamente, do cinema.
Alexandre: lugares comuns, personagem incomum
Authors: Brandão Jacyntho José Lins
Published: June 2020

Este trabalho pretende oferecer uma visão geral de tradições relativas a Alexandre Magno, do ponto de vista do papel que nelas tem o uso de alguns lugares comuns aplicados a sua figura. O relato do Pseudo-Calístenes (recensão β) em Vida de Alexandre serve como ponto de partida para a análise de algumas tradições concernentes à natureza excepcional de Alexandre e sua apresentação como um rei culto e sábio.
The Flying King: the novelistic Alexander (Pseudo-Callisthenes 2.41) and the traditions of the Ancient Orient
Authors: Konstantakos Ioannis M.
Published: June 2020

The story of Alexander’s flight is preserved in early Byzantine versions of the Alexander Romance (codex L, recensions λ and γ) but is already mentioned by Rabbi Jonah of Tiberias (4th century AD) in the Jerusalem Talmud. The narrative must have been created between the late Hellenistic period and the early Imperial age. Although there are differences in details, the main storyline is common in all versions. Alexander fabricates a basket or large bag, which hangs from a yoke and is lifted into the air by birds of prey; Alexander guides the birds upwards by baiting them with a piece of meat fixed on a long spear. The same story-pattern is found in oriental tales about the Iranian king Kai Kāūs and the Babylonian Nimrod. Kai Kāūs’ adventure was included in the Zoroastrian Avesta and must have been current in the Iranian mythical tradition during the first millennium BCE. It is then transmitted by Medieval Islamic authors (Ṭabarī, Bal‘amī, Firdausī, Tha‘ālibī, Dīnawarī), who ultimately depend on Sasanian historical compilations, in which the early mythology of Iran had been collected. The story of Kai Kāūs’ ascension is earlier than Pseudo-Callisthenes’ narrative and contains a clear indication of morphological priority: in some versions the Persian king flies while seated on his throne, which reflects a very ancient and widespread image of royal iconography in Iran and Assyria. Probably Alexander’s aerial journey was derived from an old oriental tradition of tales about flying kings, to which the stories of Kai Kāūs and Nimrod also belonged. The throne had to be eliminated from Alexander’s story, because the episode was set during Alexander’s wanderings at the extremities of the world. The Macedonian king had therefore to fabricate his flying vehicle from readily available materials. Later, after the diffusion of Pseudo-Callisthenes’ romance in the Orient, the tale of Alexander’s ascension might have exercised secondary influence on some versions of the stories of Kai Kāūs and Nimrod, regarding specific details such as the use of the bait.
Randomized, controlled clinical trial to assess the effect of antimicrobial-impregnated suture on the incidence of surgical site infections in dogs and cats
Authors: Thieman Mankin Kelley M. , Cohen Noah D.
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the prophylactic efficacy of triclosan-coated (TC) suture in preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) in dogs and cats undergoing surgical procedures.

ANIMALS

862 animals (794 dogs and 68 cats).

PROCEDURES

Incidences of SSI of surgical wounds closed with TC suture and surgical wounds closed with non-TC suture occurring between the time of surgery and 1 month postoperatively were compared. Animals were randomly assigned to TC or non-TC suture groups. When TC suture was assigned, all suture available as TC material was used rather than non-TC suture. Presence of an SSI was determined by an owner questionnaire or direct examination.

RESULTS

Overall, 50 of 862 (5.8%) animals developed SSIs. Incidence of SSI was 6% (24/428) in the non-TC suture group and 6% (26/434) in the TC suture group. No significant difference was found in the incidence of SSI between groups. No significant difference was detected in the incidence of incisional problems (eg, redness, dehiscence, and seroma formation) between animals in which TC suture was used and those in which non-TC suture was used. On multivariable analysis, other factors were associated with increased SSI rates, including an incision length > 10 cm, surgery performed by the soft tissue surgery department, and anesthesia duration of > 240 minutes.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

No significant difference in incidence of SSI was detected between animals undergoing surgical procedures performed with non-TC versus TC suture.
PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN TEPUNG UBI JALAR UNGU DAN TEPUNG KEDELAI TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK COOKIES
Authors: Utami Putu Andi Sri , Sugitha I Made , Arihantana Ni Made Indri Hapsari
Published: June 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of purple sweet potato flour and soybean flour to the characteristics of cookies produced and the ratio of purple sweet potato flour and soybean flour so that it can produce cookies with the best characteristics. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design with the ratio of purple sweet potato flour and soybean flour which consists of 6 levels: 100%:0%; 90%:10%; 80%:20%; 70%:30%; 60%:40%; and 50%:50%. The treatment was repeated 3 times to obtain 18 units of experiment. The data obtained were analyzed by variance and if the treatment had an effect on the observed variable then continued with The Duncan Multiple Range Test. The research showed that 70% of purple sweet potato flour with 30% of soybean flour produced the best cookies with characteristics of water content 3.37%, ash content 1.43%, protein content 12.73%, lipid content 24.89%, carbohydrate content 57.58%, antioxidant activity 10.09%, color rather liked, rather liked and very crispy texture, taste liked, aroma liked, and overall acceptance liked.
OPTIMASI SUHU DAN WAKTU MENGGUNAKAN RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY (RSM) PADA EKSTRAKSI OLEORESIN LIMBAH KULIT JERUK LEMON (Citrus limon (Linn.) Burm.F.) DENGAN BANTUAN GELOMBANG ULTRASONIK
Authors: Putra I Gede Arie Mahendra , Widarta I Wayan Rai , Ina Putu Timur
Published: June 2020

This study was aimed to determine the optimum temperature and extraction time of citrus lemon peel (Citrus limon (Linn.) Burm.F.) oleoresins by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results showed that the optimum temperature and time of extraction with ultrasonic waves to produced oleoresins were 59,28ºC and 72,57 minutes. The extraction process with optimum temperature and time produced citrus lemon peel oleoresin with yield and refractive index respectively 32,47% and 1,4923. Meanwhile, the value of the density is equal to 1,3740 g/cm3 and the chemical compound was identified by GC-MS instrument. The component that was found in the citrus lemon peel oleoresin were 1-propanone, 1,3,6 Octratriene, Propanoic Acid, 2-Furancarboxaldehyde, 4-Vinyl-2-Methoxy-Phenol, 1-Pentene, Neryl Acetate, Geranic Acetate, ?-Bergamotene, Limonene, 2-Hexenal, 2-Bornanone, 2-Decyn-1-ol, Methyl Eugenol, Cis-P-Mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol, 1,4 Naphthalendione, Undecanal, Octadecanoic Acid, Pentadecanoic Acid, Decanoic Acid, 11-Octadecanoic Acid,GeranylButirate, Geranyl Propionate and 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic Acid.
PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN TERIGU DENGAN TEPUNG KECAMBAH KACANG TUNGGAK (Vigna unguiculata, (L.) Walp) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK COOKIES
Authors: Winata I Ketut Triya , Wisaniyasa Ni Wayan , Ina Putu Timur
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this research was to know the effect of comparison wheat flour with cowpea sprout flour to the characteristics of cookies and to know the right comparison between wheat flour with cowpea sprout flour that was able to produce cookies with the best characteristics. The experimental design used Completely Randomized Design with the treatment comparison of wheat flour and cowpea sprout flour consisting of 6 levels: 100%:0%; 90%:10%; 80%:20%; 70%:30%; 60%:40%; 50%:50%. The treatment was repeated 3 times to obtain 18 units of experiment. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA and if the treatment had an effect on the variable then continued with Duncan test. The comparison of wheat flour with cowpea sprout flour significantly affected the content of water, ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate, coarse fiber, color, aroma, texture, taste as well overall acceptance of cookies. Comparison of 80% wheat flour:20% cowpea sprout flour had the best characteristics of cookies the content of water 2.41%, ash 1.26%, fat 23.44%, protein 11.38%, carbohydrate 61.51%, crude fiber 8.94%, the color, flavor, texture, taste, overall acceptance liked, had brown color and very crunchy texture.
PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN TEPUNG KIMPUL (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) DAN PASTA DAUN PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK COOKIES
Authors: Ariyasa I Kadek , Ina Putu Timur , Arihantana Ni Made Indri Hapsari
Published: June 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of comparison of Xanthosoma flour with Centella leaf paste to the characteristics of cookies produced and the comparison between Xanthosoma flour with Centella leaf paste that is able to produce cookies with the best characteristics. The experimental design used was Block Randomized Design with treatment factor that is the comparison of Xanthosoma flour and Centella leaf paste consisting of 6 levels: 95%:5%; 92%:8%; 89%:11%; 86%:14%; 83%:17%; 80%:20%. The treatment was repeated 3 times to obtain 18 units of experiment. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA and if the treatment had a significant effect on the observed variables then continued with Duncan test. The comparison of Xanthosoma flour with Centella leaf paste affected the content of water, coarse fiber, total chlorophyll, vitamin C, antioxidant activities, texture (hedonic and scoring test), aroma (hedonic test), taste (hedonic test) and overall acceptance (hedonic test) and also had no significant effect on color (hedonic test) of cookies. Comparison of 89% Xanthosoma flour : 11% Centella leaf paste had the best characteristics of cookies with content of water 4.41%, coarse fiber 7.21%, total chlorophyll 2.51 mg/kg, vitamin C 1.54 mg/g, antioxidant activities (based on IC50’s value) 65.61%,  the aroma was rather liked, the texture was rather liked and crunchy, the color, taste, and overall acceptance liked.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN SARI BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus polyrhizus) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK YOGHURT CAMPURAN SUSU SAPI DAN KACANG MERAH (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Authors: Putri Dewi Citra Laksmi Agung , Putra I Nengah Kencana , Suparthana I Putu
Published: June 2020

The aim of this research was to know the effect of adding red dragon fruit juice (RDFJ) for the characteristics of yoghurt mixed milk and red bean. Research design used a randomized complete design (RAL) with the concentration 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, and 25 % of RDFJ. Each treatment repeated three times to obtain 18 units of sample. The data was analyzed by ANOVA and if it had effect on variabel then continued by Duncan Test. Sensory was analyzed by hedonic and scoring test for color, flavor, taste, texture and overall acceptance of the resulting product using 15 trained panelists. The result showed that adding RDFJ had very significant effects (P < 0,01) for total acid, Vitamin C, antioxidant activity, total lactic acid bacteria (BAL) and had significant effect (P < 0,05) for pH. The best treatment was on 15 % of RDFJ with value 1.22 % of total lactic acid, 4.41 of pH, 1.11 mg/100g of Vitamin C, 48.40 % of antioxidant activity, 1.87 x 108 CFU/ml of total lactic acid bacteria (BAL), color (red and liked), flavor (pleasant and liked), taste (sour and liked), texture (aqueous) and overall acceptance (liked).
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI ETANOL TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK RIMPANG ILALANG (Imperata cylindrica (L) Beauv.) PADA EKSTRAKSI MENGGUNAKAN GELOMBANG ULTRASONIK
Authors: Suhendra Corry Permatasari , Widarta I Wayan Rai , Wiadnyani Anak Agung Istri Sri
Published: June 2020

This research porpose to determine the appropiate concentration of ethanol to obtain the highest antioxidant activity of cogon grass rhizome (Imperata cylindrica (Linn.) Beuv.) extract using ultrasonic wave. This research used a completely randomized design method with the treatment of concentration ethanol which consisted of six levels : 40, 50, 60,70, 80 and 90%. The whole treatment was repeated three times to obtain 18 units of the experiment. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, if the treatment showed the influenced then it continued by Duncan test. The result showed that the best treatment is using ethanol 70% with characteristic extract : yield was 14.13%, total phenolic was 129.57 mgGAE (Gallic Acid Equivalent)/g extract, total flavonoid was 90.91 mgQE (Quercetin Equivalent)/g extract and antioxidant activity was 56.03% with the IC50 value 0.098 mg/ml
PENGARUH WAKTU EKSTRAKSI DAN KONSENTRASI ETANOL MENGGUNAKAN METODE MICROWAVE ASSISTED EXTRACTION (MAE) TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK RAMBUT JAGUNG (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Kristanti Yessica , Widarta I Wayan Rai , Permana I Dewa Gede Mayun
Published: June 2020

This research was conducted to determine effect of the extraction time and ethanol concentration on antioxidant activity of corn silk extract and to obtain extraction time and ethanol concentration using Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) that can produce extract with the highest antioxidant activity. The experimental design used in this research was a completely randomize design, which consisted of two factors. The fisrt factor was the concentration of ethanol which consisted of 5 level that namely ethanol 30%, 45%, 60%, 75%, and 90%. The second factor was the time of extraction which consisted of 3 level namely 8, 13 and 18 minutes. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance that followed by Duncan test. The result showed that the best treatment of corn silk extract is extraction by ethanol 90% for 18 minutes using MAE which the highest resulted rendemen was 24.54%, total phenol was 159.65 mg GAE/g extract, total flavonoid was 149 mgQE/g extract, antioxidant activity was 70.18%, and the IC50 value 64.806 ppm.
PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN TEPUNG BERAS HITAM (Oryza sativa L. indica) DENGAN TERIGU TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BAKPAO
Authors: Hidayat Rizky Rahmat , Sugitha I Made , Wiadnyani Anak Agung Istri Sri
Published: June 2020

The purpose of study was to find the optimum ratio of black rice flour (Oryza sativa L. indica) with wheat to produce bakpao with the best characteristics. The Randomized Block Design (RBD) was used in the research with treatment that is the ratio of black rice flour with wheat which consist of 6 levels: 0%:100%, 5%:95%, 10%:90%, 15%:85%, 20%:80%, 25%:75%. The treatment was repeated 3 times to obtain 18 units of experiment. The data obtained were analyzed by variance and if the treatment had an effect on the observed variable then continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) test. The ratio of black rice flour to wheat had significant effect to protein content, fat content, IC50, texture, color (hedonic and scoring), texture (hedonic), taste (scoring) and overall acceptance (hedonic). Not Significant effect to moisture content, ash content, carbohydrate content, crude fiber content, texture (scoring) and taste (hedonic). The ratio of black rice flour and wheat  (10%:90%) produces bakpao with the best characteristics namely: 37.44% moisture content, 0.85% ash content, 7.46% protein content, 6.10% fat content, 48.15% carbohydrate content, 2.42% crude fiber content, swelling power 52.41%, IC50 41,48 g/100g, texture 9.87 N/mm, grey color, rather soft texture, tasted rather like black rice, rather liked color and flavor, liked texture, taste and overall acceptability.
PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN TEPUNG BERAS DENGAN PASTA UBI JALAR UNGU (Ipomoea batatas L. Poir) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK CENDOL
Authors: Wulandari Putri Ayu , Sugitha I Made , Arihantana Ni Made Indri Hapsari
Published: June 2020

This research was aimed to identify the comparison effect of rice flour and purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Poir) paste on the characteristics of cendol and to identify the right ratio of rice flour and purple sweet potato paste to produce cendol with the best characteristics. Completely randomized design was used in this research with treatment ratio of rice flour and purple sweet potato paste which consisted of 6 levels :  50% : 50%, 40% : 60%, 30% : 70%, 20% : 80%, 10% : 90%, and 0% : 100 %. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, resulting in 18 experimental units. The data were then analyzed with analysis of variance and if the treatment had an effect on the variable, the Duncan test was performed. The results showed that rice flour and purple sweet potato paste ratio had significant effect on water content, ash content, crude fiber content, antioxidant activity, anthocyanin, color, texture, flavor, taste, and overall acceptance of cendol. Making purple sweet potato cendol without using rice flour resulted the best characteristic under the following criteria: 89,47%  water content, 0,14% ash content, 1,44% crude fiber content, 93,42 mg/mL antioxidant activity, 1,37 mg/100g  anthocyanin, dark purple and very liked color, texture chewy and liked, flavor typical of purple sweet potato and liked, taste very typical of purple sweet potato and liked, and overall acceptance very liked.

 

Keyword : cendol, purple sweet potato paste, rice flour
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN SARI BUAH SIRSAK (Annona muricata L.) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK YOGURT EDAMAME (Glycine max L.)
Authors: Kartika Dina Puti , Permana I Dewa Gde Mayun , Nocianitri Komang Ayu
Published: June 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of soursop juice on the characteristics of edamame yogurt and to determine the optimal concentration of soursop juice to produce edamame yogurt with the best characteristics. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with the treatment of soursop fruit juice concentration consisting of 5 levels, namely 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, resulted in 15 experimental units. The data were analyzed by the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and if the treatment significantly affected the variables, the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was performed. The results showed that the concentration of soursop juice significantly affected total LAB, total acid, pH, antioxidant activity, viscosity, sensory hedonic test on texture and sensory scoring test on texture and taste. The edamame yogurt with 15% soursop juice had the best characteristics with the following characteristics: total LAB 1.01 x 1011 CFU/ml, total acid 0.86%, viscosity 310 cP, antioxidant activity 35.47%, pH 3.72 and the sensory properties of neutral scents, neutral appearance, a rather thick texture, a rather like taste, a slightly sour taste and a rather like overall reception.

Keywords: edamame yogurt, soursop juice, antioxidant activity
Pengaruh Jenis Pelarut dan Waktu Maserasi terhadap Ekstrak Kulit Biji Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) sebagai Sumber Antioksidan
Authors: Angga Prasetya I Wayan Gde , Ganda Putra G.P. , Wrasiati Luh Putu
Published: June 2020

Cocoa bean husk is a waste of cocoa processing that is large enough and has not been used optimally. Cocoa bean husk waste can be used more optimally by extracting polyphenol compound and used as natural antioxidant. This research aims to determine the effect of the type of solvent and maceration time of cocoa bean husk extract as a source of antioxidants and to determine the best type of solvent and maceration time to produce cocoa bean husk extract as a source of antioxidants. This experiment uses a randomized block design with two factors. The first factor is the type of solvent consisting of methanol 95 percent, ethanol 96 percent and acetone 90 percent. The second factor is the maceration time consisting of 24, 36 and 48 hours. The data is analyzed by variant analysis and continued with the Tukey test. The results showed that the type of solvent and maceration time is a very significant effect on yield, total phenolic and antioxidant capacity. The interaction between treatment is a very significant effect on total phenolic and antioxidant capacity but did not significantly affect the yield of cocoa bean husk extract. The best treatment to produce cocoa bean husk extract as a source of antioxidants is using ethanol solvent and maceration time for 48 hours with a yield characteristic 11.72±0.45 percent, a total phenolic at 80.76±1.12 mg of GAE/g and Antioxidant capacity 49.55±1.13 mg GAEAC/g.

Keywords : cocoa bean husk, extraction, solvent, antioxidants.
Effect of long-term glucocorticoid therapy on bone mineral density of the patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Ünal Sezin , Alikaşifoğlu Ayfer , Özön Alev , Gönç Nazlı , Kandemir Nurgun
Published: June 2020

Background and Objectives. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is characterized by androgen excess which should be treated with life-long glucocorticoid therapy, thus can affect bone mineralization. We aimed to evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) and determine the factors affecting bone mineralization in patients with CAH.
Method. This prospective case-control study was conducted in children, adolescents and young adults with classical 21-hydroxylase CAH, and age-, sex-, and pubertal stage matched healthy controls. Lumbar1-4 BMD was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. BMD z-score was calculated using national standards with respect to height age and was referred as `low BMD` if z-score < -1 SD. Univariate analyses were performed between low BMD and normal BMD groups, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the independent predictors of low BMD. Correlations of Body Mass Index (BMI)-z-score, average serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone level, duration of treatment, average and cumulative glucocorticoid doses with BMD z-score were evaluated with Spearman analyses.
Results. Each group included 37 cases. BMD z-score of patients with CAH [0.47 (-0.04 - 1.56)] was higher than control group [-0.43 (-0.82 -0.05)]; p= < 0.001. Number of patients with low BMD was similar in both groups; [CAH: 6(16.2%), control: 5(13.5%); p= 0.744]. BMI- z-score was higher in patients with CAH when compared to control group; p= < 0.001. BMI z-score was lower in low BMD group as comparison to normal BMD group; p= 0.041. Each 1.0 decrease in BMI z-score, risk of having low BMD was found to increase by 1.79 (%95 CI: 1.03- 3.12, p= 0.040). BMI-z-score, average serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone level, duration of treatment, average and cumulative glucocorticoid doses were not found to be correlated with BMD z-score.
Conclusion. Long-term glucocorticoid therapy did not have negative effect on BMD of patients with CAH. Higher BMI z-score in patients with CAH may have a positive effect on preserving bone health. Precautions should be taken for increased risk of obesity.
Is there any relationship between initial hematological parameters and severity of scorpion envenomation?
Authors: Horoz Özden Özgür , Yıldızdaş Dinçer , Aslan Nagehan , Gökay Sinem Sarı , Ekinci Faruk , Erdem Sevcan , Haytoğlu Zeliha , Sertdemir Yaşar , Yılmaz Hayri Levent
Published: June 2020

Background and Objectives. Most cases of severe scorpion envenomation occur in children and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Excessive systemic inflammatory response, which leads to multiple organ involvement, is an emerging challenge during severe envenomation. The aim of this study was to investigate if there was any relationship between initial hematological parameters and severe envenomation in pediatric patients presenting with scorpion envenomation.
Method. This study was performed retrospectively, at the pediatric emergency unit and pediatric intensive care unit of the Çukurova University Medical School in Turkey. Two hundred and fifty-seven cases with scorpion envenomation, and a control group consisting of one hundred and fifteen healthy children were included in the study.
Results. White blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/ lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and PDW values of patients were higher than the controls (p < 0.05). Mean NLR was 3.8 ± 4.7 in patients. Patients were analyzed with the help of the decision tree model, and it was seen that in patients who had applied to hospital in less than an hour after the scorpion sting, 87.5% of the patients whose NLR value was between the 0.519-1.969 interval (below 2.1 which we found as the cut-off value) did not need to be hospitalized in the intensive care unit, 54.1% of the patients whose NLR value was higher than 1.969 needed to be hospitalized at the intensive care unit.
Conclusions. Severe envenomation is associated with mortality and morbidity in children. Our findings showed that NLR seems to be a useful tool in predicting severe envenomation.
Emotional support for parents with premature children admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit: a qualitative phenomenological study
Authors: Rafael-Gutiérrez Sabiniana San , García Purificación Escobar , Prellezo Alicia Saelices , Paulí Laura Rodriguez , Del-Castillo Beatriz Longueira , Sánchez Rafaela Blanco
Published: June 2020

Background and Objectives. Parents who have a premature child in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are in a stressful situation. The aim of this paper is to analyze the emotional support received by parents with premature children admitted to NICUs.
Methods. A phenomenological qualitative study with an explanatory and interpretative approach was employed.
Results. The findings are: 1) The experience and emotions of a premature delivery; showing sadness, guilt and despair, stress, anxiety, and uncertainty over the future of their child. 2) The emotional support received by the father/mother of the partner; discussion of how their partner is cared for, as well as the care given to the premature child and other children in the family; the stress that this causes them on not being able visit all at once. 3) The emotional support offered by the health professionals (doctors, nurses, etc.); parents indicate that they have received very strong support from the nurses, but also that they were not always asked about their feelings when in the NICU. 4) The informal emotional support of relatives and parents in the NICU. After talking with other support mothers, the mothers then felt less guilty.
Conclusion. As regards premature birth, the mothers showed feelings of sadness and guilt, asked themselves where they had failed and what they had done wrong.
Two cases of Vici syndrome presenting with corpus callosum agenesis, albinism, and severe developmental delay
Authors: Hızal Mina , Yeke Batuhan , Yıldız Yılmaz , Öztürk Ali , Gürbüz Berrak Bilginer , Coşkun Turgay
Published: June 2020

Background. Vici syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disease with phenotypically heterogeneous presentation. Characteristic features of the disease are oculocutaneous albinism, corpus callosum agenesis, cataract, cardiomyopathy, and immunodeficiency.
Case. Here we report two Turkish patients with Vici syndrome. One of these patients had a novel mutation in EPG5 and presented with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and maculopapular rashes similar to Stevens-Johnson syndrome, which has been previously reported in only a few cases in the literature.
Conclusion. Vici syndrome presents with a typical phenotype which may facilitate diagnosis for infants with multisystemic disorders. ITP and maculopapular rashes might be added to the spectrum of findings of patients with Vici syndrome.
Iatrogenic nasal synechiae in a premature newborn
Authors: Aykanat Alper , Çelik Hasan Tolga , Günaydın Rıza Önder , Yiğit Şule
Published: June 2020

Background. Nasal obstruction may cause short- and long-term problems such as respiratory distress, cyanosis, apnea, difficulty during feeding, and failure to thrive during the newborn period; since newborns are obligatory nasal breathers. Compression effect of the nasal cannulas and prongs used during respiratory support and nasal aspiration applications to clear the airways of secretions may result in nasal synechiae and acquired iatrogenic nasal obstruction.
Case. In this case report, we present a premature newborn with nasal synechiae secondary to long-term nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nasal CPAP) applications and routine upper airway nursing care.
Conclusion. Severe nasal damage may occur in premature newborns receiving prolonged nasal CPAP support. To prevent this upper airway care should be conducted as gently as possible in premature newborns.
Congenital esophageal diverticulum in a very low birth weight infant: case report and review of literature
Authors: Cebeci Burcu , Babayiğit Aslan , Özaydın Seyithan , Büyükkale Gökhan , Çetinkaya Merih
Published: June 2020

Background. A diverticulum is an outpouching of a tubular organ that is classified as congenital and acquired according to the involved layers of the gastrointestinal wall. Congenital true diverticulum has been very rarely seen in neonatal period and it is very difficult to diagnose it especially in premature infants.
Case. A male infant was born with birth weight of 1000 g at 28th gestational week, was hospitalized for prematurity and respiratory distress. During follow up intermittent CO2 retention was observed in blood gases. On the 17th day of hospitalization, esophageal dilatation was detected on X-ray and barium swallowed esophagram showed a saccular pouch on the distal esophagus. The patient was operated on 26th day of life and pathological specimen revealed true diverticulum of esophagus. The patient died due to respiratory failure and septic shock during hospitalization.
Conclusion. To the best of our knowledge this case is the smallest and youngest preterm infant diagnosed with congenital esophageal diverticulum. Prolonged and intermittent CO2 retention such as in our case can be an atypical symptom of congenital diverticulum and it should be suspected in the differential diagnosis. Congenital esophageal diverticulum may be also seen in extremely preterm infants and can present with unusual symptoms.
Security for States vs. Refugees: peration Provide Comfort and the April 1991 Mass Influx of Refugees from Northern Iraq into Turkey
Authors: Kirisçi Kemal
Published: June 2020

In April 1991, the massive influx of Iraqi refugees into Turkey precipitated a political process that led to one of the rare examples of humanitarian intervention. Under pressure from the Turkish government and world public opinion, Western allies declared a safe zone above the 36th parallel in northern Iraq and launched "Operation Provide Comfort." This Operation enabled the extension of relief assistance to almost half a million refugees and their repatriation to northern Iraq within a relatively short period of time. The article tries to establish whether "Operation Provide Comfort" served state security interests or the security of the refugees from Iraq.
Return to the Nation: The Organizational Challenges Confronted by Guatemalan Refugee Women
Authors: Crosby Alison
Published: June 2020

This article focuses on the challenges faced by organized Guatemalan refugee women on return from exile in Mexico. It seems that exile provided a temporary space in which women could organize and assert their rights as women, and this space was closed down upon return to the nation. Part of the explanation can be found in conflicts over power, in particular within the return communities. It is argued that the nature of international community intervention in the camps in Mexico, and throughout the return process, may have contributed to the current community conflicts. The article highlights the new organizational strategies being created by returnee women to effectively participate at the community and national levels, and respond to the needs of their bases within the rapidly changing post–peace accord era. An initiative to create a space for dialogue and negotiation among the women’s organizations is examined.
Learning from Rohingya Refugee Repatriation to Myanmar
Authors: Saha K. C.
Published: June 2020

The author examines the role of the United Nations and the international community in establishing criteria for the return of Rohingya refugees to Myanmar from Bangladesh. This study highlights the importance of the international community in establishing standards and supporting the return, even in cases where the national governments involved (Myanmar and Bangladesh) have never signed the un Convention on the Status of Refugees. The author concludes that the repatriation of Rohingya refugees from Bangladesh has been relatively successful, and that the pattern seen in this return could be usefully replicated in order to bring about the voluntary repatriation of other refugee groups to Myanmar.
Manufacturing “Terrorists”: Refugees, National Security, and Canadian Law
Authors: Aiken Sharryn J.
Published: June 2020

In the first part of a two-part article, the author critically
evaluates the anti-terrorism provisions of Canada’s Immigration
Act. The impact of these provisions on refugees is
the focus of the essay, but her observations are relevant to
the situation of other categories of non-citizens as well. The
inquiry begins by considering international efforts to
address “terrorism,” the relevance of international humanitarian
law to an assessment of acts of “terror,” and the
nature of contemporary discourse on “terrorism.” Next, the
evolution of the current admissibility provisions in Canadian
immigration law, with particular reference to refugee
policy and national security, is reviewed. A brief discussion
of current policy directions concludes part 1.
Refugee Determination Complexity
Authors: Matas David
Published: June 2020

Refugee determination systems are complex and unfair. This combination is surprising. Why has government after government in Canada and around the world generated refugee determination systems that are both complex and unfair? The answer is that governments intrude into systems that would otherwise be both simple and fair, in order to assert control. They assert control in order to achieve other, non-refugee protection objectives. These nonrefugee protection objectives are inappropriate for the design of a refugee determination system. A refugee determination system should be devised with four objectives in mind: fairness, internal consistency, simplicity, and compliance with international standards. The article examines Bill C-31 and makes recommendations for its improvement with these objectives in mind.