bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human NREM Sleep Promotes Brain-Wide Vasomotor and Respiratory Pulsations
Authors: Helakari Heta , Korhonen Vesa , Holst Sebastian C. , Piispala Johanna , Kallio Mika , Väyrynen Tommi , Huotari Niko , Raitamaa Lauri , Tuunanen Johanna , Kananen Janne , Järvelä Matti , Tuovinen Timo , Raatikainen Ville , Borchardt Viola , Kinnunen Hannu , Nedergaard Maiken , Kiviniemi Vesa
Published: February 2022

The physiological underpinnings of the necessity of sleep remain uncertain. Recent evidence suggests that sleep increases the convection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and promotes the export of interstitial solutes, thus providing a framework to explain why all vertebrate species require sleep. Cardiovascular, respiratory and vasomotor brain pulsations have each been shown to drive CSF flow along perivascular spaces, yet it is unknown how such pulsations may change during sleep in humans. To investigate these pulsation phenomena in relation to sleep, we simultaneously recorded fast fMRI, magnetic resonance encephalography (MREG), and electroencephalography (EEG) signals in a group of healthy volunteers. We quantified sleep-related changes in the signal frequency distributions by spectral entropy analysis and calculated the strength of the physiological (vasomotor, respiratory, and cardiac) brain pulsations by power sum analysis in 15 subjects (age 26.5 ± 4.2 years, 6 females). Finally, we identified spatial similarities between EEG slow oscillation (0.2–2 Hz) power and MREG pulsations. Compared with wakefulness, nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep was characterized by reduced spectral entropy and increased brain pulsation intensity. These effects were most pronounced in posterior brain areas for very low-frequency (≤0.1 Hz) vasomotor pulsations but were also evident brain-wide for respiratory pulsations, and to a lesser extent for cardiac brain pulsations. There was increased EEG slow oscillation power in brain regions spatially overlapping with those showing sleep-related MREG pulsation changes. We suggest that reduced spectral entropy and enhanced pulsation intensity are characteristic of NREM sleep. With our findings of increased power of slow oscillation, the present results support the proposition that sleep promotes fluid transport in human brain.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe report that the spectral power of physiological brain pulsation mechanisms driven by vasomotor, respiration, and cardiac rhythms in human brain increase during sleep, extending previous observations of their association with glymphatic brain clearance during sleep in rodents. The magnitudes of increased pulsations follow the rank order of vasomotor greater than respiratory greater than cardiac pulsations, with correspondingly declining spatial extents. Spectral entropy, previously known as vigilance and as an anesthesia metric, decreased during NREM sleep compared with the awake state in very low and respiratory frequencies, indicating reduced signal complexity. An EEG slow oscillation power increase occurring in the early sleep phase (NREM 1–2) spatially overlapped with pulsation changes, indicating reciprocal mechanisms between those measures.
The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration and Regional Implementation Practices
Authors: Burdiak Vira
Published: February 2022

The article analyzes the essence and perception of the global community of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration, which was developed under the auspices of the UN and adopted by the member countries of this organization on December 10, 2018 in Marrakesh (Morocco). This was the first international compromise agreement between the donor and recipient countries. More than 160 states have signed the Compact, believing that it is long overdue for the international community to come to a more realistic understanding of global migration. Some countries refused to sign the Compact, including seven EU states and Ukraine. The content of the Compact is aimed at liberalizing the migration regime, which explains why it was rejected by many governments and political forces. Non-acceptance of the Compact by a number of countries that have accepted migrants reduces the potential effect of its application. However, it can be useful for improving the efficiency of legal migration, regulating the employment of skilled labor, which is of interest to the recipient countries. The crisis in the migration policy of some countries has shown that the low level of harmonization of national legislation on refugee shelter has significantly contributed to the spread of the disaster and the increase in the number of asylum seekers that the countries had to accept on their territory.
The Terminal of Marriage in Czech Labor Code
Authors: Antlová Tereza , Blažek Michal
Published: February 2022

This paper deals with arguments defending the purpose of the existence of the provision of Section 318 of Act No. 262/2006 Coll., Labor Code. Both the arguments of legal scholarship and arguments expressed in the explanatory memorandum to the Acts in question are analyzed. This text further presents arguments in favor of repealing this provision which prohibits the performance of dependent work between spouses (registered partners). We base our arguments on international and European Union1 legal sources, in particular on anti-discrimination legislation prohibiting discrimination on the basis of marital status. In the context of Czech law, the relationship between the provision of Section 318 of the Labor Code and constitutional standards and other statutory norms is described and analyzed. A specific regulation contained in Act No. 234/2014 Coll., Civil Service Act is also presented and considered. The authors point out the absence of similar legislation in legal orders of other Member States of the European Union. In conclusion, the authors express and defend their legal opinion on the obsolescence of the discussed provision of the Labor Code and present suggestions de lege ferenda.
Appointment as the Basis for Establishing an Employment Relationship in Local Government and the Regulations of the Labor Code
Authors: Giedrewicz-Niewińska Aneta
Published: February 2022

The subject of the article is the assessment of the legal situation of employees with whom an employment relationship has been established on the basis of appointment in selected local government units. In particular, the considerations apply to people employed in council offices (poviat starosty), marshals’ offices and local government cultural institutions. The legal situation of the above-mentioned persons is shaped by specific and common provisions. According to the author of the article, the tendency of the legislator not to take into account the code -based employment relationship model when creating a special regulation is more and more clearly visible.
Коливальний спектр р-амілоксібензиліден-р-толуідіну в кристалічній фазі
Authors: Погорелов В.Є. , Букало В.П. , Жовтобрюх Ю.М.
Published: February 2022

У роботі виконано аналіз коливального раманівського спектра рідкого кристала p-амілоксібензиліден-p-толуідіну (АБТ).Спектр КРС було зареєстровано в інтервалі 0–1650 cм–1 за кімнатної температури T = 293 К, коли АБТ перебуває у кристалічнійфазі. Проведено квантово-хімічне комп'ютерне моделювання геометрії та розрахунок теоретичних коливальних частот молекули АБТ методом B3LYP/6-31G(d, p). На основі результатів комп'ютерного моделювання виконано інтерпретацію експериментального спектра КРС, отримано конформаційні параметри молекули для кристалічного стану.
Дослідження електронної будови оксидів NdVO3 і HoVO3: рентгеноелектронні спектри і зонний розрахунок
Authors: Уваров В.М. , Уваров М.В. , Мельник М.П.
Published: February 2022

За допомогою методів рентгеноелектронної спектроскопії та з використанням квантово-механічних розрахунків електронної структури проведено комплексне дослідження електронної структури та магнітних властивостей оксидів NdVO3 та HoVO3. Отримано дані про розподіл повних та парціальних еле тронних станів у валентній зоні та смузі провідності, зарядових та спінових станів атомів, механізм формування хімічних зв'язків та забороненої щілини в енергетичному спектрі оксидів LnVO3 (Ln = Nd, Ho).
Formulasi Fast Desintegrating Tablet (FDT) Sari Buah Jambu Biji Merah dengan Perbedaan Konsentrasi Ac-Disol
Authors: Rustiani Erni , Andini Septia , Musnawati Musnawati
Published: February 2022

Buah jambu biji merah merupakan salah satu tanaman yang berkhasiat dapat meningkatkan trombosit untuk Demam Berdarah   Dengue (DBD). Buah jambu biji merah mempunyai kandungan senyawa flavonoid kuersetin dan vitamin C untuk meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat Fast Disintegrating Tablet (FDT) sari buah jambu biji merah dengan perbedaan variasi konsentrasi Ac-Disol menggunakan metode cetak langsung. Buah jambu biji dibuat dengan cara dihaluskan dengan jicer dan sari yang diperoleh dikeringkan dengan alat vacuum dryer . Formula yang dibuat memiliki perbedaan konsentrasisuperdesintegran Ac-Disol yang digunakan yaitu F1 (3%), F2 (4 %) dan F3 (5 %). Parameter mutu tablet yang diuji meliputi organoleptik, kekerasan, kerapuhan, waktu dispersi in vitro, waktu pembasahan rasio penyerapan air, serta penetapan kadar flavonoid sari kering buah jambu biji merah dan sedian FDT. Tablet ketiga formula berwarna krennm dengan bau khas aromatis dan rasa manis buah jambu biji. Formula 3 dengan konsentrasi ac-Disol 5% merupakan formula terbaik dengan nilai rat-rata kekerasan 2,62 kp,  lama waktu dispersi in vitro 32 detik, waktu pembasahan 20 detik, dan rasio penyerapan air 81,06%. Hasil kadar flavonoid sari kering buah jambu biji 0,79 % dan sediaan FDT Formula 1 (0,70 %), Formula 2 (0,68 %), dan Formula 3 (0,70 %).
Sintesis, Kharakteristik, Penetrasi Kulit, dan Toksisitas Nanogold: A Systematic Review
Authors: Putri Mahliga Dwi Rezky , Dahlizar Sabrina , Noviyanto Alfian
Published: February 2022

Nanogold merupakan nanopartikel metal inorganik (5-400 nm) dan memilki sifat fisikokimia yang unik serta lebih unggul dibandingkan dengan bulk-nya. Nanogold dapat diperoleh dengan berbagai macam metode sintesis. Proses reduksi prekursor emas oleh agen pereduksi merupakan tahapan yang penting dalam proses sintesis nanogold yang dapat menghasilkan nanogold dengan karakteristik yang termodifikasi sehingga berpengaruh kepada pengaplikasian dan toksisitasnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji artikel-artikel terkait nanogold yang meliputi perkembangan metode sintesis, karakteristik, sumber bahan yang dapat digunakan sebagai agen pereduksi, penetrasi kulit nanogold, dan toksisitasnya melalui metode yang terstruktur dan sistematis yaitu Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Pencaharian artikel melalui situs PubMed dengan periode terbitan lima tahun terakhir dan menggunakan kombinasi kata kunci, yakni “gold nanoparticles”, “synthesis”, “characteristic”, “skin penetration”, “toxicity”, dan “applications”. Diperoleh 31 artikel dari 809 artikel yang memenuhi tahap kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi serta Quality Assessment (QA). Hasilnya memperlihatkan bahwa 27 artikel diantaranya yang mencantumkan metode sintesis nanogold didominasi oleh penggunaan metode dengan pendekatan “green synthesis” terutama secara biologi dengan memanfaatkan kandungan biokimia dari sumber alam sebagai agen pereduksi. Penggunaan agen pereduksi secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi karakterisitik nanogold. Instrumen FTIR (Forier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) mengkonfirmasi adanya gugus fungsi atau biokomponen utama dari sumber bahan alam sebagai agen pereduksi. Selanjutnya, nanogold akan dikarakterisasi dengan spektrofotometri absorbansi UV-Vis, analisis TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), dan (Dynamic Light Scattering).  Kemampuan nanogold berpenetrasi ke dalam kulit dengan mudah, cepat, dan hanya mengakibatkan kerusakan secara lokal membuat nanogold banyak digunakan sebagai obat atau agen pembawa obat. Melalui uji perubahan warna MTT (Microtetrazolium (3-(4,5-Dimetil-2-Tiazolil)-2,5-difenil-tetrazolium Bromida) dan dilihat dari nilai IC50 dan persentase viabilitas sel, nanogold menunjukkan efek toksik terhadap sel kanker dan aman untuk sel normal dalam tubuh.
Trabajo territorial y micropolítica en la pandemia: entre inmunidad y comunidad
Authors: Ruz Escobar Catalina
Published: February 2022

El presente artículo expone el trabajo territorial que surgió con motivo de la revuelta social del 18 de octubre del 2019 en Chile. A partir de este contexto, la autora aborda formas de respuesta comunitaria a la crisis social y sanitaria por el COVID-19, como las asambleas, espacios que sostienen la organización comunitaria y el cuidado de la vida mediante el enfoque de la micropolítica. Finalmente se analiza la relación entre inmunidad y comunidad, términos antagónicos que operan simultáneamente como dispositivos para abordar la pandemia actual.
Pyramid and Ponzi schemes and the repercussions of the differing regulatory approaches
Authors: Tajti (Thaythy) Tibor
Published: February 2022

Apart from a few shorter papers inspired by the nomination of a new crime prohibiting the organization of ‘pyramid games’ by the Hungarian Criminal Code in 1996, the topic of ‘pyramid and Ponzi schemes’ remained of little interest to Hungarian legal scholars. Internationally, the topic has garnered increased attention due to the grave socio-economic effects of ever newer scheme-collapses, from the high-profile American Madoff (2009) to the myriad less-known cases from emerging systems like the fiasco of the Albanian pyramid schemes in the mid-1990s, pyramid schemes camouflaged as multi-level marketing (MLM) ventures, or their online versions more recently. Comparative works that would juxtapose the pertaining laws and experiences of the United States with those of Hungary are lacking.

To fill the void, this article contrasts a select number of differing regulatory approaches. At one end of the spectrum is the United States (US), which, instead of passing sector-specific laws, mobilized and adapted the enforcement tools of all utilizable branches of law to combat the schemes. While in the US this has been uniquely primed by securities laws, in Hungary the task remains limited to what criminal law and the criminal justice system could offer, coupled with the dominantlyad hocreactions of the Hungarian Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Development of tests to distinguish legitimate Multi-Level Marketing (MLM) companies from pyramid schemes disguised as such represents the only segment where significant rapprochement occurred between the US, the European Union (EU) and therefore also Hungary.

For contrast and illustration of the other end of the spectrum, the systems that were forced to react to risks corollary to the schemes by enacting sector-specific laws, the most recent regulatory reactions of India, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka had to be resorted to. As the latter two imposed complete bans on all MLMs, it is only the Indian 2019 comprehensive act that attempts to combat the schemes and akin forms of financial fraud relying on a new comprehensive regulatory model.

The Philippines is an interesting mixture made of local and transplants that readily proves that the solutions of the most developed US system could successfully be transplanted into a significantly different socio-economic environment.
A reforma trabalhista e a liquidez das relações de trabalho
Authors: Brandalise Machado Leonardo
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar como a reforma trabalhista, aprovada no Brasil através Lei Ordinária 13467/2017, atua como legitimadora para que as relações de trabalho se tornem cada vez mais líquidas. A partir da leitura das obras de Bauman enumeramos as principais características da sociedade pós-moderna e líquida como a mudança da ética do produtor para do consumidor, a perca da capacidade do trabalho de dar identidade ao ser humano, e também analisamos aspectos históricos que levaram o mundo a sair de seu estágio sólido para o líquido. Diante de tais características analisamos as alterações promovidas pela recente reforma do direito do trabalho e verificamos que ela veio para legitimar uma nova forma de pensar as relações laborais defendida pelo modelo de capitalismo neoliberal na qual predomina a mentalidade de curto prazo e a falta de identidade do trabalhador com a empresa. Por fim concluímos que apesar de necessário a reforma das leis trabalhistas, esta deveria ser feita com o intuito de defender o trabalhador tendo em vista ser uma relação de pessoas e não entre sujeito e objeto, levando em conta os direitos humanos e que possibilitasse a emancipação da sociedade em relação ao capital. Palavras-chave: Modernidade líquida, Reforma trabalhista, Relações de Trabalho
Effects of Walking Type and Speed on Oxygen Uptake and Fat Oxidation in College Students
Authors: Kim Hye-Yeong , An Keun-Ok , Ko Sung-Sik
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in oxygen uptake, fat oxidation rate, and fat oxidation during treadmill walking, depending on the type and speed of walking.METHODS Ten male college students randomly participated in the experiment under two conditions. Four types of exercise: normal walking, power walking, dumbbell walking, and sand walking, and three exercise intensity conditions: low-speed walking (40% VT), medium-speed walking (50% VT), and high-speed walking (60% VT).RESULTS Oxygen uptake was statistically significantly higher as walking speed increased (p<.001), and there was no statistically significant difference in walking type, but the interaction effect was statistically significant (p=.048). The fatty acid oxidation rate was statistically significantly lower as the walking speed increased (p<.001), and there was no significant difference in walking type, but the interaction effect was statistically significant (p=.008). There was a significant difference in the amount of fat burning according to the walking speed (p=.007), but there was no difference in the walking type, and there was no interaction effect.CONCLUSIONS Dumbbell walking and band walking increased oxygen intake under medium and high speed walking conditions, excluding low speed, compared to normal walking, and it is shown that normal walking and sand walking have an advantage in increasing the fat oxidation rate. In particular, considering the amount of fat oxidation, sand walking in all speed conditions is considered to be effective for weight loss, and it is suggested that it is necessary to investigate this later.
The Effects of a Rehabilitation Exercise Program After Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Reconstruction Between Genders
Authors: Kim Hyun-mok , Kim Chang-kook , Lee Jung-wook , Lee Sung-hwan
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a rehabilitation exercise program after posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction between genders.METHODS The research subjects were 22 patients who had posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. They were divided into Male Group (n=11) and Female Group (n=11). The dependent variable was Lysholm knee score, IKDC (International Knee Document Committee) score, isokinetic muscle strength of knee joint, which it was measured Pre-Op (Previous Operation) and during the 24-week rehabilitation exercise program period, it was measured at Post-Op (Post Operation) 12 and Post-Op 24 weeks.RESULTS First, significant differences by period were noted on Lysholm knee score (p<.001) and IKDC score (p<.05). Second, isokinetic strength of knee joint extension in involved side is significant differences between genders (p<.01). Third, isokinetic strength of knee joint extension in involved side has significant differences by period (p<.01). Forth, isokinetic strength of knee joint extension in uninvolved side has significant differences between genders (p<.05). Fifth, isokinetic strength of knee joint flexion in uninvolved side has significant differences between genders (p<.01). Sixth, isokinetic strength of knee joint flexion in uninvolved side has significant differences by period (p<.05).CONCLUSIONS This paper confirmed that the effect of a rehabilitation exercise program on subjective function is not influenced by gender, but by period. On the other hand, the effect of a rehabilitation exercise program on strength is influenced by not only gender, but also period. That application of rehabilitation exercise program after posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was significant difference between groups in male and female on isokinetic strength of knee joint and by period. Therefore, we suggest that a rehabilitation exercise program should be designed differently in proper way between male and female group.
Functional Physical Training Program for Revised Physical Fitness Test of Korean Police Officers
Authors: Chae Ji Heon , Kang Hyun-Joo
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVES Police officers need to maintain and improve their physical fitness in order to properly operate on the duty and ensure their own safety. A problem was raised to prepare an improvement plan according to the current status and problems of physical fitness test of the Korean police officer. Accordingly, a revised physical fitness test for new police officers will be introduced from 2023 and will be fully introduced from 2026. The purpose of this study is to introduce revised physical fitness test type including professional physical element proper for duty feature to secure the security power and physical training program for the revised physical fitness test for Korean police officers.METHODS Functional physical training program consisted of combined with health-related fitness factors and skill-related fitness factors for successfully cope with their duties which involve physical tasks. FITT principles of functional physical training program were made for circulated physical fitness test for new Korean police officers.CONCLUSIONS Police officers must be physically fit to successfully cope with their duties which involve physical tasks. The functional physical training program could help new Korean police officers maintain physical fitness including cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, agility, could be prevent a decline in performance physical capacity and occupational duties.
Facile green synthesis of fluorescent carbon nanoparticles using spider silks
Authors: Patra Santosini , Subudhi Subhasri , Mandal Manoranjan , Alam Injamul , Subramanyam BVRS , Mahanandia Pitamber
Published: February 2022

Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) have emerged as a promising candidate because of their interesting properties. They can be synthesized by chemical method as well as through green chemistry. Herein, we report a green synthesis approach for the CNPs from spider silk by pyrolysis at temperature
400°C without using any carbonizing or passivating agent. The structural and optical properties of the synthesized CNPs have been characterized by using X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, SEM (scanning electron microscope) - Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDAX) analysis, UV –
Visible and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The results obtained show that prepared carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) have a great potential for bio-sensing, bio-imaging, disease diagnosis, and other different optoelectronic device applications.
O MÉTODO DA CARTOGRAFIA E A EDUCAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS: INTERLOCUÇÕES
Authors: RIBEIRO ÉLIDA SANTOS , COSTA FERNANDA ANTUNES GOMES DA
Published: February 2022

RESUMO: A partir da correlação do cenário de negacionismo científico evidenciado na pandemia da COVID-19 com a trajetória eurocêntrica da ciência ocidental, bem como do estabelecimento de verdades, parâmetros e premissas conduzidos e legitimados pela mesma, são refletidos alguns aspectos a serem deslocados no modelo cognitivo vigente, no sentido de sua vivificação e de sua ligação com a vida e com outros saberes. Nessa direção, apostando em perspectivas e métodos outros, o trabalho objetiva tecer aproximações entre a educação em ciências e o método da cartografia, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, nas seguintes bases de dados: Redalyc, SciElo e DOAJ, tendo sido encontrados somente seis trabalhos que atendessem aos critérios de inclusão. Assim, são investigadas e discutidas as contribuições possíveis dessa metodologia à pesquisa e educação em ciências, especialmente no que diz respeito às políticas de cognição, interpelando o entendimento corrente de conhecimento - considerado uma representação da realidade ou da verdade. Entendemos que uma perspectiva inventiva e emancipadora de ciência, que encarna o conhecer no acesso à experiência, amplia-se nas singularidades e multiplicidades, construindo territórios comuns - não unívocos -, cultivando confiança e pertencimento.
Indicadores de absenteísmo por doença mental no setor judiciário: abordagem descritiva de uma coorte retrospectiva
Authors: Melo Bruna Ferreira , Santos Kionna Oliveira Bernardes , Fernandes Rita de Cássia Pereira
Published: February 2022

Resumo Objetivo: descrever os indicadores de afastamento por transtornos mentais de servidores públicos do setor judiciário da Bahia. Métodos: estudo descritivo com dados de uma coorte retrospectiva sobre a casuística de absenteísmo-doença no período de 2011 a 2016. Foi traçado o perfil sociodemográfico e ocupacional, assim como foram estimados os indicadores epidemiológicos. O evento foi caracterizado a partir da frequência e duração dos afastamentos e dos diagnósticos clínicos. Resultados: registraram-se 1.023 eventos, com maior quantidade de episódios entre servidores com mais de 10 anos de serviço. As mulheres constituíram o grupo mais afetado, com prevalências superiores a dos homens em todo o período (76,50/1.000 trabalhadores em 2016). Em 2016, a incidência cumulativa foi de 12,72 casos novos/1.000 trabalhadores entre as mulheres e 5,58 casos novos/1.000 trabalhadores entre os homens. Os transtornos do humor, neuróticos e relacionados ao estresse foram os diagnósticos clínicos mais prevalentes associados ao absenteísmo-doença. Conclusão: o perfil e a dinâmica das ocorrências de absenteísmo-doença entre servidores públicos do setor judiciário da Bahia mostram semelhanças com outros serviços, validando sua externalidade e suscitando desafios para os serviços de saúde, principalmente quanto à detecção precoce do risco de afastamento e da monitorização das condições de trabalho.
Fabrication of anisotropic superhydrophobic surface based on the Nepenthes slippery zone
Authors: Wang Lixin , Ma Shaobo , Yan Shixing , Dong Shiyun
Published: February 2022

Depending on its highly evolved structures that consist of microscale lunate cells and nanoscale wax coverings, the slippery zone of Nepenthes alata shows significant anisotropic superhydrophobicity, which has gradually become the biomimetic prototype for designing superhydrophobic surfaces. In this study, the authors constructed the structures of the slippery zone into equidistantly distributed greenhouses and array of cylinders, therefore obtaining a biomimetic model of an anisotropic superhydrophobic surface. The greenhouses were printed using ultraviolet-cured material, via 3D printing, and then flake graphite was selected as a substitute for the array of cylinders (wax coverings) and was absorbed onto the printed greenhouses by using high-voltage electrostatic absorption technology. The contact/sliding angle was measured to verify the anisotropic superhydrophobic effect of the fabricated sample. The contact angle increases significantly with an increase in the greenhouse density (l/L value) and achieves a value of 152.6 ± 0.6° when l/L is 0.8, and the sliding angle toward bottom and top shows values of 3.07 ± 0.26° and 5.69 ± 0.24°, respectively. These results indicate that the fabricated sample has anisotropic superhydrophobicity. Therefore, this study provides a simple and low-cost approach for the biomimetic fabrication of anisotropic superhydrophobic surfaces.
An improved quantification method for characterisation of clay microstructure using SEM
Authors: Xu Liyang , Xu Riqing , Shashank Bettadapura Subramanyam , Chen Xiaohui , Yu Jianlin , Wu Chuangzhou
Published: February 2022

Clay is a material widely used in environmental geotechnics. Quantification of clay microstructure properties using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images is intuitively the simplest way, but the challenges remain in extracting more credible quantified micro-parameters that can represent the holistic macroscopic properties of clay from SEM images and with higher efficiency. In this paper, an improved quantification method is proposed to deal with this issue. The influence of different milling and drying methods on quantification results was analysed to improve reliability and efficiency. The A–K threshold determination method (A–K method) was proposed to calculate the optimal threshold in image processing. Also, the interval estimation method was introduced to obtain the optimal magnification and number of images. Then, this quantification method was applied to Hangzhou clay. The results show that anisotropy in the clay microstructure should be considered when choosing the observed surface. Moreover, there is no significant difference in micro-parameters between liquid nitrogen frozen-vacuum drying and critical point drying. A comparison among the A–K method, artificial method and theoretical methods that can determine thresholds shows that the proposed A–K method combines the advantages of all methods. The optimal magnification and number of images can be determined by mathematical theory, which also improves reliability and efficiency.
Fotossíntese: superando barreiras no aprendizado através do uso de modelos didáticos interativos
Authors: De Campos Fernanda Vidal , De Almeida Nilhian Gonçalves
Published: February 2022

A fotossíntese é um processo essencial para a manutenção da vida, pois permite aos seres clorofilados a produção de matéria orgânica e o fornecimento de oxigênio para à atmosfera. Apesar da sua relevância, muitos estudantes apresentam dificuldades para compreender os processos bioquímicos da fotossíntese. Assim, cria-se uma barreira no processo de ensino e aprendizagem que necessita ser superada através de metodologias eficientes. Os modelos didáticos revelam-se eficazes na construção de conhecimentos complexos ao permitirem a representação da realidade de forma simplificada. Neste sentido, esse trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver modelos didáticos dinâmicos sobre o processo fotossintético e aplicá-los para estudantes do ensino médio da rede estadual de ensino do município de Juiz de Fora-MG. Os resultados foram positivos, pois demonstraram maior compreensão e interesse dos estudantes em relação à fotossíntese, além da desconstrução de conceitos errôneos referentes a esse conteúdo.
Otonom sürüş için ön koltuk geliştirme: Yenilikçi ürün geliştirme vakası
Authors: ALTUN Koray , ÖZCAN BERBER Reyhan , KURT Recep , BEKTAŞ Enes , TURAN Sertan , KORKMAZ Varol
Published: February 2022

Otomotiv trendleri ve Orijinal Ürün Üreticileri (OEM-Original Equipment Manufacturer) stratejileri, ileri ve tam otonom araçların hızla piyasaya gireceğini göstermektedir. Bu gelişmelere paralel olarak, otomotiv parçaları için de müşterilerin ihtiyaç ve beklentileri değişecektir. Özellikle, koltukların kullanıcı ile fiziksel temas halinde olmasından dolayı, değişen müşteri ihtiyaçları ve beklentilerini karşılayabilmek için, yeni fonksiyonlar eklenilerek önemli derecede iyileştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma ile otonom sürüşe uygun yenilikçi otomotiv ön koltuğu geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışma, yeni ön koltuk fonksiyonlarını ele almakta ve otonom sürüşe uygun yenilikçi ön koltuk geliştirme vakası sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ilk olarak, ön koltuklar üzerinde değişen müşteri ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilecek yeni tasarım fikirleri ortaya koyulmuş, Kalite Fonksiyon Göçerimi (QFD-Quality Function Deployment) metodolojisi ile değerlendirilmiş, belirlenen fikirler doğrultusunda stil tasarım, bilgisayar destekli tasarım, sonlu elemanlar analizi ve test faaliyetleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, müşteri beklentilerini karşılayan, tasarımı sonlu elemanlar analizi ve testler ile doğrulanmış, otonom sürüş için yenilikçi bir ön koltuk geliştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, otonom sürüş ile birlikte değişen müşteri ihtiyaçları değerlendirilmiş ve gerçek bir yenilikçi ürün geliştirme vakası sunulmuştur. Gelecek çalışmalar, otonom sürüşe uygun olacak şekilde otomotivin diğer iç aksamlarını konu edinebilir.
Iron Maxxx Male Enhancement - Male Enhancement pills Increase Size,FDA Approved & Make You Last Longer v1
Authors: Maxxx Male Enhancement Iron
Published: February 2022

Iron Maxxx Male Enhancement - Male Enhancement pills Increase Size,FDA Approved & Make You Last Longer
RESEARCH OF VALUE AND LIFE-SENSE ORIENTATIONS OF STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF INTERNET ADDICTION
Authors:   Humanities University, Ekaterinburg, Russia, Bykova S. S.
Published: February 2022

. The article defines the methods and the approaches to the phenomenon of Internet addiction, presents the results of the study of value and life-sense orientations of students with different levels of Internet addiction. The study confirms the hypothesis that Internet-dependent students have lower indicators of meaningfulness of life, life goals and the internal locus of life.
MULHER E PERPETUAÇÃO DA TRADIÇÃO DA ROMARIA DE BOM JESUS DA LAPA: RELEITURAS DO CONTEXTO
Authors: Gomes da Silva Sandra Célia Coelho , Dworak Krzysztof
Published: February 2022

Este artigo é uma releitura, feita pelos autores, de suas teses de doutoramento, cujo objeto comum de estudo foram as romarias ao Santuário do Bom Jesus da Lapa, realizadas há mais de três séculos, na região Oeste da Bahia/Brasil, vistas sob enfoques diferentes, mas que, neste artigo, encontram um denominador comum: as mulheres romeiras e a perpetuação da tradição das romarias. As participantes foram na sua maioria mulheres romeiras e coordenadoras de romaria com mais de cinco anos consecutivos de presença na peregrinação. Visitamos outros estudos sobre estas questões, enfatizando aqueles relacionados à crise sanitária mundial da COVID-19. Concluímos que na Romaria onde é vivenciada a experiência do encontro com o Sagrado, um espaço de reprodução social da família e da identidade de gênero feminina, observa-se um contraste entre a ressignificação do papel da mulher romeira e a confirmação de sua importância na perpetuação daquela tradição.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) and Indian economy: Conceptual perspective
Authors: Tailor R. K. , Goyal K. , Saini N. K.
Published: February 2022

India has risen as the quickest developing significant economy on the planet and is required to be one of the best three financial forces on the planet throughout the following 10-15 years, upheld by its superior democratic system and solid organizations. India is a developing nation, and our economy is a blended economy where the public sector coincides with the private area. For an outline of Indian Economy, we should initially experience the qualities of Indian economy.
fiscal capacity of local government versus government expenditure, and its impact on eliminating interregional social inequalities in Poland
Authors: Gałecka Małgorzata , Patrzałek Leszek , Kuropka Ireneusz , Szabela-Pasierbińska Ewa
Published: February 2022

Social inequalities are a significant challenge in developing countries. Therefore, they should be treated as a leading priority in boosting socio-economic development. Such inequalities are a growing challenge for Poland. It is believed that social inequalities are behind Poland's relatively low position against other European countries in the Human Development Index ranking. Many factors influence social inequalities, one being the system of financing local government units. A critical area for considering social inequalities in the context of financial phenomena is the study of fiscal inequalities resulting from the implemented vertical division of public revenues among individual levels of public authority. The paper presents the results of research on the relationship between the fiscal capacity of local government units in Poland across voivodeships and the expenditure of government institutions, as well as the relationship of these expenses with social inequalities in voivodeships. To this end, six areas of social life were distinguished, for which the degree of inequality of transferred expenditure was determined using the Gini index. The method of the total order of objects was used to assess the impact of government institutions' expenditure on an individual's social situation across voivodeships. The conducted research showed both the weak dependence of government expenditure on individual units' fiscal capacity and its low effectiveness in eliminating inter-voivodeship social inequalities.
The Role of Scientific-Educational Centers in Achieving Qur’an-Based Humanities
Authors: Eftekhari Laleh
Published: February 2022

Paying tribute to science and scientists, The Holy Qur’an introduces itself as a comprehensive source of all sciences and knowledge. Investigations of the history of Islam can also reveal the emphasis of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and his legacy (The Holy Qur’an) on establishment of scientific centers and development of Islamic sciences. Despite the fact that the Islamic Republic of Iran, as a system based on teachings of the Qur'an and ʿItrat, has been around for almost 4 decades, the Qur'anic sciences are still largely overlooked in scientific and research centers. Obviously, any change in this ominous trend calls for recovery of the essential role of elites and scientific and educational centers in delineation of the nature of Qur’an -based humanities as well as the know-how it takes to bring them to realization. Therefore, in the present documentary- analytical study attempts are made to investigate the role of scientific-educational centers in achieving Qur’an -based humanities.
The Effect of Hedonic Shopping and Utilitarian Values on Impulse Buying Moderated by Gender on the Marketplace
Authors: Paramitha Ni Putu Inten Nindya , Sulhaini Sulhaini , Saufi Akhmad
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of hedonic shopping and utilitarian values on impulse buying in the marketplace and also to determine the role of gender in moderating this influence. The type of research used was descriptive quantitative, namely a causal associative research. The population in this study are consumers who have shopped at the marketplace. The number of samples taken were 150 people. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling technique. Data was collected through an online survey and analyzed by using SEM-PLS through the SmartPLS application version 3.0. The results show that hedonic shopping and utilitarian values have a significant influence on impulse buying while gender does not moderate the effect of hedonic shopping or utilitarian values on impulse buying.
The Position of Qur’an and Hadith in Islamic Political Thought: The Case Study of Siraj al-Muluk by Abubakr al-Turtushi (D. 520 AH)
Authors: Ahmadvand Fatemeh , Tafreshi Alireza Ashtari , Rabbanikhah Ahmad
Published: February 2022

Siraj al-Muluk by Abubakr al-Turtushi, the Faqih of 5th century AH, is one of the most outstanding Islamic works of political thought describing his political theory. A great part of the language of theory in the work is based on the most trustful Islamic text or Qur’an; also Islamic narrations (hadith) have a good position in this language. The authenticity of Qur’an and Hadith, has helped the theory in presenting its ethical – political epistemology, virtual thought, the framework of theoretical and practical ethics, and political strategies to control the society and shaping the frames of government. The methodology of this research is using the approach of Thomas Spragens in understanding Turtushi`s political thought and the position of the concept of language through it. About the versis of Qur’an and the narrations, turtushi`s analytical view has been studied here. This research shows that the structured and selected use of verses and prophetic narrations, is the bases of Turtushi`s work; he has shaped the most part of his theory by the authenticity of verses and narrations. By this war, the practical part of his theory is the political repeat of Qur’an and Hadith which has made the theory an ethical one.
Analysis of Language Errors in Writing Proposals for XI Grade Students at Prima Unggul Vocational School
Authors: Fatikah Anis Fatikah , Setiawan Budi , Sumarwati Sumarwati
Published: February 2022

This study aims to describe the Indonesian language errors in writing proposals for eleventh grade students of SMK Prima Unggul. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The form of this research data is in the form of a proposal essay for eleventh grade students of SMK Prima Unggul. Data collection techniques using documentation and interview techniques. The data validity technique is data triangulation and theory triangulation. While, the data analysis technique uses interactive analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that there are errors in Indonesian, including errors in the use of punctuation marks in the form of errors in the placement of signs ( , ) and ( . ), errors in the use of the ‘sampai dengan’ (up to) sign and errors in the use of subchapter markers. Meanwhile, errors at the morphological level are typos and the use of foreign language vocabulary that is not written in italics.
Design Character Building Model Based Islam for the Prisoners
Authors: Akbar Muhammad , Arismunandar Arismunandar , Sinring Abdullah
Published: February 2022

Character building based religious education is believed to have been able to change and transform prisoners. Because religion can function as a guide and control behavior. This study seeks to find a model of character building based on Islam that can be used in coaching activities at the Kolaka State Detention Center.Based on the results of the study, it was found that there was a relationship between religious development and character education. It is this relationship that is trying to be connected into a pattern of coaching models. The coaching model designed is based on several theories, namely character education theory, Islamic education theory, behavior change theory and habituation theory.Based on the results of the synthesis of several theories, a character building model is formulated called the AKBAR Model whose syntax consists of relaxation, presentation, muhasabah, character strengthening, habituation, control and evaluation.
Avesto Spirituality and the Upbringing of the Perfect Man
Authors: Kizi Rakhmatova Feruza Kudrat
Published: February 2022

The continuation of the traditions of our statehood, which has great historical and spiritual roots, the process of building a state based on democratic principles, including the traditions of our ancestors in the development of young people as members of society. past values serve as an important tool. According to Zoroastrian teachings, enlightenment can lead to the smooth development of society, a peaceful and prosperous life, the spread of good ideas about healthy discipline, which serve to eradicate evil.
Folklore Traditions in the Works of Atoyi
Authors: Khamdamova Sayyora
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of the mastery of the use of folklore elements in the poems of Atoyi, a truly popular poet. Turkish literature up to Alisher Navoi, in particular, the works of Atoyi, Sakkoki, Lutfi, Gadoi, Yakin, Muqimi, Amir, is simple and clear in terms of language, fluent in style and resonant. This is explained by the widespread use of folk proverbs and figurative expressions in their poems. Compatibility for the people is also a key feature of Atoyi's poems.
Afghanistan as a Bridge Connecting Central and South Asia
Authors: Buranov Suhrob
Published: February 2022

This article is devoted to the study of some scientific debates about whether Afghanistan belongs to an integral part of Central or South Asia. Despite the different approaches, the aim of the article is to determine Afghanistan’s role as a bridge that connects Central and South Asian regions.
Impact of the Afghan Conflict on the Geopolitical Situation in Central Asia at the End of the 20th Century
Authors: Pardabaev Abdukarim Ergashevich
Published: February 2022

The fall of the pro-Soviet regime of Najibullah led to a confrontation between armed groups and the division of the country into spheres of influence. Obviously, the uncontrolled conflict on the territory of Afghanistan aroused concern in the international community and directly threatened the security of neighboring states that have a common border with warring Afghanistan (Pakistan, Iran, China, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan). Considering the geopolitical situation that has developed in the Central Asian region and is directly related to ensuring the security of the borders of the sovereign states of Central Asia, political scientists do not have a common opinion about the role of Russia in this geopolitical process.
Ahmad Yasawi and Yusuf Hamadani
Authors: Kurbanova Elnura Gaybulloyevna
Published: February 2022

In the wisdom of Ahmad Yasawi, the relationship between a murshid and a murid, especially, glorifies being in the service of a pir and a murshid in reaching the close to Allah. If we a closer look at "Divan-i Hikmat" (“The book of wisdom”) reveals Piri Turkestan's schools which he had studied and the state of level when he enjoyed after learning Laduni science. It is even possible to say that the biography of the saint poet, the way of spiritual life can be reconstructed on the basis of which his work "The book of wisdom". An in-depth study and objective assessment of Yasawi's wisdom is one of the most essential issues facing scientists today. Research in this area is particularly essential in Turkey. This article analyzes the views of Turkish scholars on the murshid Yusuf Hamadoni who led Ahmad Yasawi to the rank of perfection. Moreover, the researches of Turkish scientists were analyzed and a detailed opinion was expressed.
Features of the Social Status of Women in Uzbekistan
Authors: Pirjanovna Seitova Zukhrakhon
Published: February 2022

In the article, the author talks about modern independent Uzbekistan, which, having chosen its own path of renewal, has joined the global concept of sustainable development. Assigns a key role to addressing issues of national development based on the empowerment of women in society and the state. An important place in the system of ongoing transformations in the country is occupied by ensuring high respect for women, protecting the family, the rights and best interests of the child. Today, a new generation has emerged, a new social institution “social activity” has established itself, historical epoch-making features have affirmed the female part of the population in its new quality: as the most active and socially mobile part of society.