bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teaching System of Undergraduate Entrepreneurship Education under the Background of Internet of Things
Authors: Zhang Heng , Liu Xiubo
Published: November 2021

This article mainly introduces the research on the teaching system of entrepreneurship education for college students under the background of the Internet of Things. On the basis of extensive investigation and analysis, this article combines the reality of entrepreneurship education in our country’s universities to study how to construct an entrepreneurial education system. This paper designs the social support guarantee and specific implementation plan for corporate education by constructing the corporate goal system, curriculum system, practical curriculum system, training team, and other systems, defines the relevant concepts of the innovation and entrepreneurship education system, and analyzes the related concepts of innovation and entrepreneurship education. Theories provide a theoretical basis for constructing college students’ innovation and entrepreneurship education system. Based on the analysis and construction of the innovation and entrepreneurship education system for college students in our country, the necessity and feasibility of the innovation and entrepreneurship education system for college students are further elaborated. The experimental results of this paper show that after the theoretical viewpoints and operational content of the EE system are put forward, the entrepreneurial enthusiasm of college students has increased by 15%, the learning ability has been significantly improved, and it has also fully demonstrated the teaching effect of the entrepreneurial education teaching system for college students under the background of the Internet of Things. In addition, their understanding of EE and teaching has also improved significantly. This structure provides an important reference for further research and practice of undergraduate EE.
Hard and Soft Tissue Augmentation with Single-Implant Restoration in the Esthetic Zone
Authors: Ashurko Igor , Blagushina Nataliia , Borodiy Anisa , Magdalyanova Mary
Published: November 2021

The removal of the central incisor of the upper jaw is a challenging process, since the restoration of a single implant in the esthetic zone is of great responsibility. When tooth extraction with immediate implant placement is not possible, modern protocols imply the use of the socket preservation technique. This method of preserving socket properties significantly reduces changes that occur during the healing process of the postextracted area and along with soft tissue augmentation allows to achieve a satisfying aesthetic result. The aim of present case report is to assess capabilities of socket preservation concept and application of soft tissue augmentation in the anterior maxillary region. The treatment steps of a 35-year-old woman who needed to remove tooth 11 with further dental implant placement are described. The clinical case is of interest because after socket preservation and soft tissue augmentation, an acceptable aesthetic result was not reached. However, additional soft tissue augmentation made it possible to achieve the desired result, which was stable for 7 years.
Research on LRP Integration of E-Commerce Logistics under the Background of Integration of Collection and Distribution
Authors: Li Jiali , Zhao Zhijie , Cheng Tao
Published: November 2021

The distribution network composed of location and route is an important part of e-commerce logistics. With the continuous improvement of e-commerce requirements for logistics level, the practice of planning logistics network only from the perspective of the network location or the vehicle route can no longer meet the actual demand. In addition to the comprehensive consideration of the location-routing problem, the reverse logistics caused by customers’ returning goods should be taken into account. In this paper, the destruction and reorganization strategy of adaptive large-scale neighborhood search algorithm was introduced into the traditional genetic algorithm, so as to conduct research on the logistics location-routing problem under the background of integration of collection and distribution. Finally, the effectiveness of the optimized genetic algorithm was verified by Matlab tools and the existing bench-marking data set of the location-routing problem, which provided reference for the planning and decision-making of logistics enterprises.
Enterprise Risk Assessment Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Huang Boning , Wei Junkang , Tang Yuhong , Liu Chang
Published: November 2021

Scientific risk assessment is an important guarantee for the healthy development of an enterprise. With the continuous development and maturity of machine learning technology, it has played an important role in the field of data prediction and risk assessment. This paper conducts research on the application of machine learning technology in enterprise risk assessment. According to the existing literature, this paper uses three machine learning algorithms, i.e., random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and AdaBoost, to evaluate enterprise risk. In the specific implementation, the enterprise’s risk assessment indexes are first established, which comprehensively describe the various risks faced by the enterprise through a number of parameters. Then, the three types of machine learning algorithms are trained based on historical data to build a risk assessment model. Finally, for a set of risk indicators obtained under current conditions, the risk index is output through the risk assessment model. In the experiment, some actual data are used to analyze and verify the method, and the results show that the proposed three types of machine learning algorithms can effectively evaluate enterprise risks.
Fasting-Mimicking Diet Is Safe and Reshapes Metabolism and Antitumor Immunity in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Vernieri Claudio , Fucà Giovanni , Ligorio Francesca , Huber Veronica , Vingiani Andrea , Iannelli Fabio , Raimondi Alessandra , Rinchai Darawan , Frigè Gianmaria , Belfiore Antonino , Lalli Luca , Chiodoni Claudia , Cancila Valeria , Zanardi Federica , Ajazi Arta , Cortellino Salvatore , Vallacchi Viviana , Squarcina Paola , Cova Agata , Pesce Samantha , Frati Paola , Mall Raghvendra , Corsetto Paola Antonia , Rizzo Angela Maria , Ferraris Cristina , Folli Secondo , Garassino Marina Chiara , Capri Giuseppe , Bianchi Giulia , Colombo Mario Paolo , Minucci Saverio , Foiani Marco , Longo Valter Daniel , Apolone Giovanni , Torri Valter , Pruneri Giancarlo , Bedognetti Davide , Rivoltini Licia , de Braud Filippo
Published: November 2021

In tumor-bearing mice, cyclic fasting or fasting-mimicking diets (FMD) enhance the activity of antineoplastic treatments by modulating systemic metabolism and boosting antitumor immunity. Here we conducted a clinical trial to investigate the safety and biological effects of cyclic, five-day FMD in combination with standard antitumor therapies. In 101 patients, the FMD was safe, feasible, and resulted in a consistent decrease of blood glucose and growth factor concentration, thus recapitulating metabolic changes that mediate fasting/FMD anticancer effects in preclinical experiments. Integrated transcriptomic and deep-phenotyping analyses revealed that FMD profoundly reshapes anticancer immunity by inducing the contraction of peripheral blood immunosuppressive myeloid and regulatory T-cell compartments, paralleled by enhanced intratumor Th1/cytotoxic responses and an enrichment of IFNγ and other immune signatures associated with better clinical outcomes in patients with cancer. Our findings lay the foundations for phase II/III clinical trials aimed at investigating FMD antitumor efficacy in combination with standard antineoplastic treatments.

Significance:

Cyclic FMD is well tolerated and causes remarkable systemic metabolic changes in patients with different tumor types and treated with concomitant antitumor therapies. In addition, the FMD reshapes systemic and intratumor immunity, finally activating several antitumor immune programs. Phase II/III clinical trials are needed to investigate FMD antitumor activity/efficacy.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
KMT2B-Related Dystonia: Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Aksoy Ayşe , Yayıcı Köken Özlem , Ceylan Ahmet Cevdet , Toptaş Dedeoğlu Özge
Published: November 2021

In this study, we report the first known Turkish case of a novel nonsense mutation c.2453dupT (p.M818fs*28) in the KMT2B (NM_014727.2) gene diagnosed in a male patient with KMT2B-related dystonia (DYT-KMT2B, DYT-28, Dystonia*-28), which is a complex, childhood-onset, progressive, hereditary dystonia. The patient, who is followed up from 9 to 13 years of age, had dysmorphic features, developmental delay, short stature, and microcephaly, in addition to focal dystonia and hemichorea (in the right and left lower extremities). Generalized dystonia involving bulbar and cervical muscles, in addition to dystonic cramps, myoclonus, and hemiballismus, were also observed during the course of the follow-up. While he was able to perform basic functions like eating, climbing stairs, walking, and writing with the aid of levodopa and trihexyphenidyl treatment, his clinical status gradually deteriorated secondary to progressive generalized dystonia in the 4-year follow-up. Deep brain stimulation has been shown to be effective in several patients which could be the next preferred treatment for the patient.
The Outcomes of Pre-Stenting on Renal and Ureteral Stones: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Han , Pan Yang , Xiao Min , Yang Jingruo , Wei Yong
Published: November 2021

Background: Pre-stenting (PS) on the outcomes of semirigid and flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy for a different upper urinary urolithiasis remains controversial. We performed a meta-analysis comparing the outcomes of ureteroscopic lithotripsy between PS and non-PS. Materials and Methods: Randomized, controlled trials and observational studies comparing PS and non-PS were identified from electronic databases. Stone-free rate (SFR), operative time, and complications were compared by qualitative and quantitative syntheses (meta-analyses). Results: Eleven articles were included in this study. Nearly, all of recently published studies exhibited relatively moderate or high quality during quality assessment. PS was more likely to achieve good SFR compared with non-PS (p < 0.00001). The subgroup results indicated that PS improved the SFR for renal stones and the stones dealt by flexible ureteroscopy (p = 0.0002; p < 0.0001, respectively; some ureteral stones were dealt by flexible ureteroscopy). Ureteral stones and the stones dealt by semirigid ureteroscopy were not influenced by PS (p = 0.62; p = 0.90, respectively). PS is equal as non-PS in terms of operative time for renal stones and the renal and ureteral stones dealt by flexible ureteroscopy (p = 0.47; p = 0.05). No significant difference was found in major complications between the 2 groups for total or for the subgroup of renal stones (p = 0.3; p = 0.69). Conclusions: For ureteral stones or the stones dealt by semirigid ureteroscopy, PS does not show any benefits. For renal stones or the stones dealt by flexible ureteroscopy, PS improves the SFR and may be as safe as non-PS.
Predictors of Short- and Long-Term Mortality in Ischemic Stroke: A Community-Based Study in Brno, Czech Republic
Authors: Bryndziar Tomas , Matyskova Dominika , Sedova Petra , Belaskova Silvie , Zvolsky Miroslav , Bednarik Josef , Brown Robert D. , Mikulik Robert
Published: November 2021

Background and Objective: Short- and long-term mortality following ischemic stroke (IS) and their predictors have not been defined in the Czech population, and studies on long-term mortality are largely missing for the populations of Central Europe. Methods: Using the National Register of Hospitalized Patients and the Czech National Mortality Registry, we analyzed data on 1-month, 1-year, and 3-year all-cause mortality for patients admitted with IS to any of the 4 hospitals with a certified stroke unit in Brno, Czech Republic, in 2011. We reviewed discharge summaries and recorded potential factors impacting mortality after the index stroke event. Using univariate and multivariable analyses, we identified predictors of mortality at all 3 time points. Results: In our multivariable model, statin use (odds ratio [OR] 0.095, p < 0.0001), age at stroke (OR 1.03, p = 0.0445), and admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (OR 1.16, p < 0.0001) predicted 1-month mortality, while statin use (OR 0.43, p = 0.0004), history of cardiac failure (OR 2.17, p = 0.0137), age at stroke (OR 1.07, p < 0.0001), and admission NIHSS score (OR 1.14, p < 0.0001) predicted 1-year mortality. Statin use (OR 0.54, p = 0.0051), history of cardiac failure (OR 2.13, p = 0.0206), age at stroke (OR 1.07, p < 0.0001), and admission NIHSS score (OR 1.11, p < 0.0001) also predicted 3-year mortality. Conclusions: Our study is the first to report data on short- and long-term mortality rates and their predictors in patients hospitalized with IS in the Czech population. Our results indicate that mortality rates and predictors of mortality are consistent with those reported in studies from other populations throughout the world.
Traumatic Avulsion Fracture of the Origin of the Brachioradialis Muscle: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Aouad Dany k. , Dib Nabil , Kharrat Chady , El Rassi George
Published: November 2021

Avulsion fracture of the brachioradialis muscle origin at the proximal two-thirds of the lateral supraepicondylar ridge of the humerus is an extremely rare fracture with only 4 reported cases in the literature so far. In this article, we describe the case of a 50-year-old male patient who had sustained a closed fracture of the latter after falling from a height of 1.5 m on a flexed elbow and pronated hand. The patient was managed with immobilization of the elbow and wrist with a posterior splint in neutral position for 3 weeks, followed by wrist and elbow therapeutic mobilization sessions for 3 months. At the final follow-up, the patient had painless active and passive full range of motion of the elbow along with good flexion strength. The unique mechanism by which this avulsion fracture occurred is explained on the basis of the mode of injury, position of the limb, and structure and function of the brachioradialis muscle.
Identification and Validation of Hub Genes Predicting Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Ziyan , Yu Haitao , Wu Lijun , Zhang Sina , Lin Zhihui , Deng Tuo , He Bangjie , Yu Zhengping , Chen Gang , Wu Fang
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The aim of this study is selecting the hub genes associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to construct a Cox regression model for predicting prognosis in HCC patients. Methods: Using HCC patient data from the ICGC and TCGA databases, screened for 40 core genes highly correlated with histological grade of HCC. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed on the genes highly associated with HCC prognosis, and the model was established. The expression of those genes was measured by immunohistochemistry in 110 HCC patients who underwent the surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. The survival of HCC patients was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Eight genes (CDC45, CENPA, MCM10, MELK, CDC20, ASF1B, FANCD2, and NCAPH) were correlated with prognosis, and the same result was observed in 110 HCC patients. Using the regression model, the HCC patients in the training set were classified as high- and low-risk groups. The overall survival of patients in the high-risk group was shorter than that in the low-risk group, and the same results were obtained in the verification set. Conclusion: This study found that the risk model according to these 8 genes can be used as a predictor of prognosis in HCC. These genes may become alternative biomarkers and therapeutic targets and provide new therapeutic strategies for HCC.
Stopping Anti-TNF in Crohn’s Disease Remitters: Pros and Cons: The Pros
Authors: Louis Edouard
Published: November 2021

Background: There is no cure for Crohn’s disease (CD). Available treatments and treatment strategies, particularly anti-TNF, allow healing intestinal lesions and maintaining steroid-free remission in a subset of patients. Having in mind the remitting/relapsing nature of the disease, patients and health care providers often ask themselves whether the treatment could be withdrawn. Several studies have demonstrated a risk of relapse of CD after anti-TNF withdrawal, which varies from 20 to 50% at 1 year and from 50 to 80% beyond 5 years. These numbers clearly highlight that stopping therapy should not be a systematically proposed strategy in those remitting patients. Summary: Nobody would argue for anti-TNF withdrawal in patients with a high risk of short-term relapse. Nevertheless, they also indicate that a minority of patients may not relapse over midterm and that those who have relapsed may have benefited from a drug-free period before being again treated for a new cycle of treatment. The most relevant question is thus whether in those patients with a low to medium risk of disease relapse, treatment withdrawal could be contemplated. In this specific setting, there may be pros and cons for anti-TNF withdrawal. Among the pros are the potential side effects and toxicity of anti-TNF, the risk of loss of response over time, the patient preference allowing the patient to regain control of one’s health and investing in it, also improving adherence, the absence of a negative impact on disease evolution of a transient anti-TNF withdrawal, and finally the cost. Key Messages: Although anti-TNF withdrawal in patients with sustained clinical remission is associated with a high risk of relapse, this risk seems to be much lower in a subgroup of patients, particularly in endoscopic and biologic remission. Stopping anti-TNF in this subgroup of patients may be associated with a favorable benefit/risk ratio.
Retention of the NLRP3 Inflammasome–Primed Neutrophils in the Bone Marrow Is Essential for Myocardial Infarction–Induced Granulopoiesis
Authors: Sreejit Gopalkrishna , Nooti Sunil K. , Jaggers Robert M. , Athmanathan Baskaran , Ho Park Ki , Al-Sharea Annas , Johnson Jillian , Dahdah Albert , Lee Man K.S. , Ma Jianjie , Murphy Andrew J. , Nagareddy Prabhakara R.
Published: November 2021

Background:

Acute myocardial infarction (MI) results in overzealous production and infiltration of neutrophils to the ischemic heart. This is mediated in part by granulopoiesis induced by the S100A8/A9-NLRP3-IL-1β signaling axis in injury-exposed neutrophils. Despite the transcriptional upregulation of the NLRP3 (Nod Like Receptor Family Pyrin Domain-Containing 3) inflammasome and associated signaling components in neutrophils, the serum levels of IL-1β (interleukin-1β), the effector molecule in granulopoiesis, were not affected by MI, suggesting that IL-1β is not released systemically. We hypothesize that IL-1β is released locally within the bone marrow (BM) by inflammasome-primed and reverse-migrating neutrophils.

Methods:

Using a combination of time-dependent parabiosis and flow cytometry techniques, we first characterized the migration patterns of different blood cell types across the parabiotic barrier. We next induced MI in parabiotic mice by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery and examined the ability of injury-exposed neutrophils to permeate the parabiotic barrier and induce granulopoiesis in noninfarcted parabionts. Last, using multiple neutrophil adoptive and BM transplant studies, we studied the molecular mechanisms that govern reverse migration and retention of the primed neutrophils, IL-1β secretion, and granulopoiesis. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography.

Results:

MI promoted greater accumulation of the inflammasome-primed neutrophils in the BM. Introducing a time-dependent parabiotic barrier to the free movement of neutrophils inhibited their ability to stimulate granulopoiesis in the noninfarcted parabionts. Previous priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome is not a prerequisite, but the presence of a functional CXCR4 (C-X-C-motif chemokine receptor 4) on the primed-neutrophils and elevated serum S100A8/A9 levels are necessary for homing and retention of the reverse-migrating neutrophils. In the BM, the primed-neutrophils secrete IL-1β through formation of gasdermin D pores and promote granulopoiesis. Pharmacological and genetic strategies aimed at the inhibition of neutrophil homing or release of IL-1β in the BM markedly suppressed MI-induced granulopoiesis and improved cardiac function.

Conclusions:

Our data reveal a new paradigm of how circulatory cells establish a direct communication between organs by delivering signaling molecules (eg, IL-1β) directly at the sites of action rather through systemic release. We suggest that this pathway may exist to limit the off-target effects of systemic IL-1β release.
Macrophage 12(S)-HETE Enhances Angiotensin II–Induced Contraction by a BLT2 (Leukotriene B
4
Type-2 Receptor) and TP (Thromboxane Receptor)-Mediated Mechanism in Murine Arteries
Authors: Kriska Tamas , Herrnreiter Anja , Pfister Sandra L. , Adebesin Adeniyi , Falck John R. , Campbell William B.
Published: November 2021

12/15-LO (12/15-lipoxygenase), encoded by
Alox15
gene, metabolizes arachidonic acid to 12(S)-HETE (12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid). Macrophages are the major source of 12/15-LO among immune cells, and 12/15-LO plays a crucial role in development of hypertension. Global
Alox15
- or macrophage-deficient mice are resistant to Ang II (angiotensin II)–induced hypertension. This study tests the hypothesis that macrophage 12(S)-HETE contributes to Ang II–mediated arterial constriction and thus to development of Ang II–induced hypertension. Ang II constricted isolated abdominal aortic and mesenteric arterial rings. 12(S)-HETE (100 nmol/L) alone was without effect; however, it significantly enhanced Ang II–induced constriction. The presence of wild-type macrophages also enhanced the Ang II–induced constriction, while

Alox15
−/−

macrophages did not. Using this model, pretreatment of aortic rings with inhibitors, receptor agonists/antagonists, or removal of the endothelium, systematically uncovered an endothelium-mediated, Ang II receptor-2–mediated and superoxide-mediated enhancing effect of 12(S)-HETE on Ang II constrictions. The role of superoxide was confirmed using aortas from

p47
phox−/−

mice where 12(S)-HETE failed to enhance constriction to Ang II. In cultured arterial endothelial cells, 12(S)-HETE increased the production of superoxide, and 12(S)-HETE or Ang II increased the production of an isothromboxane-like metabolite. A TP (thromboxane receptor) antagonist inhibited 12(S)-HETE enhancement of Ang II constriction. Both Ang II–induced hypertension and the enhancing effect of 12(S)-HETE on Ang II contractions were eliminated by a BLT2 (leukotriene B
4
receptor-2) antagonist. These results outline a mechanism where the macrophage 12/15-LO pathway enhances the action of Ang II. 12(S)-HETE, acting on the BLT2, contributes to the hypertensive action of Ang II in part by promoting endothelial synthesis of a superoxide-derived TP agonist.
Between Implementation and Legislation: The Shiʿi Imam Muḥammad al-Jawād’s Khums Demand Letter of 220 ah/835 ce
Authors: Hayes Edmund
Published: November 2021

The Imami Shiʿa are usually treated as a community defined by belief. By analysing a letter attributed to the ninth Imami Imam, Muḥammad al-Jawād dated to the year of his death in 220/835, I show that the Imami Shiʿa were defined also by institutional structures that tied them to their Imam in his capacity as community leader. Details of transmission, form and content suggest that the letter may well be authentic, giving us a unique window onto the Imamic administration. The letter is a tax demand, encouraging payment of the khums levy upon the spoils of war and other items. My analysis suggests that the understanding of khums and ghanīma among Imamis at this time continued to be fluid, subject to the Imam’s adjustment, and that implementation influenced the elaboration of the law. Subsequently, hadith scholars and jurists were thus forced to interpret how such ad hoc, pragmatic acts fit into Islamic law, which is conceived as eternal and divine.
History and/as Science: Rereading Paul Lacombe
Authors: Carrard Philippe
Published: November 2021

Forgotten during several years and rediscovered by historians of the Annales in the 1930s, Paul Lacombe’s De l’histoire considérée comme science (1894) is now quoted in such books as Antoine Prost’s Douze leçons sur l’histoire and the Sage Handbook of Historical Theory. Lacombe’s work is important from an historical standpoint. Against the focus on single events that prevailed in the late nineteenth century, Lacombe defined scientific history as the identifications of regularities for the purpose of articulating laws. Against the empirical approach practiced during that same period, he also stressed the importance of the hypothesis – of the assumptions that made the selection of the facts possible. Finally, connected to several militant women of the time, Lacombe, sought to do what we would now call “gender history,” that is, to study the distribution of gender roles during specific periods. While anticipating several developments in the theory of history, Lacombe was yet a man of his time. He thus did not foresee that his (and his contemporaries’) contrast between observation-based and document-based science would later be challenged, some philosophers now arguing that chemists and physicists are not more able than historians to “observe” the phenomena that they describe.
Jerzy Topolski’s Marxist Anthropocentrism
Authors: Domańska Ewa , Vickers Paul
Published: November 2021

In this article I demonstrate that the ideas outlined in Jerzy Topolski’s Methodology of History (Polish 1968, English translation 1976) could not only offer a reference point for and indeed enrich ongoing debates in the philosophy of history, but also help to set directions for future developments in the field. To support my argument, I focus on two themes addressed in Topolski’s work: 1) the understanding of the methodology of history as a separate discipline and its role both in defending the autonomy of history and in creating an integrated knowledge of the past, which I read here through the lens of the current merging of the humanities and natural sciences; and 2) the role of a Marxist anthropocentrism based on the notion of humans as the creators of history, which I consider here in the context of the ongoing critique of anthropocentrism. I point to the value of continuing to use concepts drawn from Marxist vocabulary, such as alienation, emancipation, exploitation and overdetermination, for interpreting the current state of the world and humanity. I stress that Marxist anthropocentrism, with its support for individual and collective agency, remains crucial to the creation of emancipatory theories and visions of the future, even if it has faced criticism for its Eurocentrism and might seem rather familiar and predictable when viewed in the context of the contemporary humanities. Nevertheless, new manifestations of Marxist theory, in the form of posthumanist Marxism and an interspecies historical materialism that transcends anthropocentrism, might play an important role in redefining the humanities and humanity, including its functions and tasks within human and multispecies communities.
Peter Munz and Historical Thought
Authors: Ankersmit Frank
Published: November 2021

Few philosophers of history ever recognized the profundity of Peter Munz’s The Shapes of Time that came out in 1977. In this book Munz upheld the view that no part or aspect of the past itself provides us with the solid fundament of all historical knowledge. For him, the historian’s most fundamental logical entity is what he calls the Sinngebild. The Sinngebild consists of two events defined and held together by a covering law. These CL’s can be anything from simple truisms, the regularities we know from daily life to truly scientific laws. But ‘underneath’ these Sinngebilde there is nothing. Hence, Munz’s bold assertation: ‘the truth of the matter is that there is no ascertainable face behind the various masks every story-teller is creating’ and his claim that his philosophy of history is ‘an idealism writ small’. Next, Munz distinguishes between ‘explanation’ and ‘interpretation’. We ‘explain’ the past by taking seriously the historical agent’s self-description and ‘interpret’ it by stating what it looks like from our present perspective. ‘Explanation’ and ‘interpretation’ may ‘typologically’ be more or less similar. Relying on a number of very well-chosen examples from his own field (Munz was a medievalist), this enables Munz to argue why one historical interpretation may be superior to another. In his later life Munz developed a speculative philosophy of history inspired by Popper’s fallibilism.
Social Reproduction at Work, Social Reproduction as Work: A Feminist Political Economy Perspective
Authors: Braedley Susan , Luxton Meg
Published: November 2021

Social reproduction has received considerable recent attention from academics and activists aiming to stimulate and advance transformative political change. Yet, an understanding of social reproduction as “work” has sometimes slipped away, leaving behind important anti-racist feminist insights. Engaging with recent contributions from scholars in the U.S., U.K., and Canada, we argue that social reproduction is most useful as a concept, not as a theory, and is best understood as “work”. We point out quandaries and ambiguities that have produced conceptual confusion in scholarship on social reproduction and argue for a conceptualization offered by feminist political economy. We conclude that social reproduction, when understood as work, can support efforts to build the mass movements and solidarity necessary for effective anti-capitalist politics if its relationship to, and contradictions with, the processes of dispossession and capital accumulation are taken into account.
Three new species of the genus Aemene Walker (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) from the Himalayas
Authors: VOLYNKIN ANTON V.
Published: November 2021

Three new species of the genus Aemene Walker, 1854 are described: Aemene cernyi sp. n. (NE India and E Nepal), Aemene laszloi sp. n. (C Nepal) and Aemene bucseki sp. n. (C Nepal and Pakistan). The Aemene taprobanis Walker, 1854 species-group is established and characterised. The status of one taxon previously considered as a junior synonym of A. taprobanis is revised: Aemene sinuata Moore, 1878, stat. rev. A taxon previously considered as a subspecies of A. taprobanis is upgraded to species level: Aemene likiangensis (Daniel, 1951), stat. nov. Lectotypes are designated for Aemene taprobanis Walker, 1854, Panassa cingalesa Walker, 1865, Autoceras grammophora Felder, 1874 and Aemene sinuata Moore, 1878. Adults together with the male and the female genitalia of the new and related species are illustrated.
Morphology of the lectotype of Chelodina oblonga Gray 1841 (Testudines: Chelidae)
Authors: SMALES IAN
Published: November 2021

Uncertainty about taxonomy and nomenclature of the Australian long-necked turtle Chelodina oblonga has ensued since its description by Gray in 1841. This has been due to the general nature of information about provenance of the lectotype specimen and the ostensible morphological similarity of the specimen to another taxon from northern Australia that confused Gray and many subsequent workers. The south-western Australian provenance of the specimen has recently been confirmed by Shea et al. (2020). The present paper provides a detailed consideration of morphology of the specimen and compares it with other specimens available to Gray and to larger series that are now available. The study elucidates morphological aspects that have underlain the history of confusion and it highlights a number of characters that consistently differentiate adults of the relevant taxa. These demonstrate that morphology of the C. oblonga lectotype conforms with the taxon from the south-west of Western Australia, as has also been confirmed by recently published investigations of mitogenomics and historical information about provenance of the lectotype.
Exosomal MicroRNA-328 from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) Alleviates Acute Lung Injury Through Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (MAPK/ERK) Pathway
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liu Fang , Zhang Caixia
Published: November 2021

To elucidate the communication between exosomes (exo) derived from BMSCs and injured lung cells. BMSC-exo was isolated and characterized. Lung epithelial cells A549 were incubated with BMSC-exo, and treated by LPS to induce cell damage. CCK-8 assay was carried out to test cell proliferation,
flow cytometry was adopted to analyze cell apoptosis, and RT-qPCR as well as Western blot analysis were selected to assess expression of apoptosis- and anti-apoptosis related proteins. Functional experiment was performed to identify the role of microRNA (miRNA)-328 in lung injury. LPS treatment
significantly inhibited the viability of A549 cells, induced apoptosis of A549 cells by increasing Bax and casepase-3 levels and reducing Bcl-2 expression, whilst declined expression of miR-328 and suppressed the phosphorylation activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway. Meanwhile, the amount of
IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α were elevated in injured cells, but, the presence of BMSC-exo eliminated the elevation of the contents. Importantly, treatment with BMSC-exo increased miR-328 expression, activated MAPK MAPK/ERK pathway, inhibited apoptosis, and enhanced cell
proliferation. However, the effect of BMSC-exo was attenuated when the cells were silenced for miR-328 expression. Collectively, BMSC-exo enriched miR-328 could relieve acute lung injury through MAPK/ERK pathway.
Glycyrrhizin Attenuates c-Src-Mediated Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response and Apoptosis in Bronchial Epithelial Cells by Upregulating miR-146b-5p
Authors: Liu Kun , Yu Wanjing , Tang Yaoyao , Chen Chao
Published: November 2021

Background: Bronchial asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract, whose pathogenesis involves a variety of factors. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of traditional Chinese medicine Glycyrrhizin (Gly) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and apoptosis of bronchial epithelial cells and its action mechanism.Methods:Gly (20µM) was used to treat bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells stimulated with LPS. The expression of SRC and miR-146b-5p in BEAS-2B cells was modified by the respective transfections with pcDNA-SRC, miR-146b-5p mimic and miR-146b-5p inhibitor. STRING and Starbase online databases were used to predict the relationship between Gly, miR-146b-5p and SRC. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to verify the binding of miR-146b-5p to SRC. The viability, inflammatory response and apoptosis of BEAS-2B cells were examined by CCK-8, ELISA and Tunel assays respectively. The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase3 and Cleaved-caspase3), SRC and miR-146b-5p were detected by qRT-PCR or western blotting.Results:Gly inhibited LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis in BEAS-2B cells. The interaction between Gly and SRC was predicted by STRING. SRC expression was high in BEAS-2B cells stimulated with LPS and could be negatively regulated by Gly. Overexpression of SRC effectively alleviated the inhibitory effect of Gly on LPS-induced damages in BEAS-2B cells. In addition, results of luciferase reporter assays verified SRC as a direct target gene of miR-146b-5p. The expression level of miR-146b-5p was downregulated by LPS stimulation in BEAS-2B cells. Gly decreased the expression of SRC in LPS-stimulated BEAS-2B cells. These results could all be reversed by miR-146b-5p knockdown.Conclusion:Gly decreases the expression of SRC by upregulating the level of miR-146b-5p, thus alleviating the inflammation and apoptosis of bronchial epithelial cells treated with LPS. Our results provide a new theoretical basis for applying Gly to the clinical management of asthma.
Recent Advance on Drug Therapy Related to Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Liu Yuezhu , Zeng Hua , Xu Junmei
Published: November 2021

Myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) means complete or partial artery obstruction of coronary artery, and ischemic myocardium will be recirculating in a period of time. Although the ischemic myocardium can be restored to normal perfusion, its tissue damage will instead be progressive.
An aggravated pathological process. MIRI is a complex entity where many inflammatory mediators play different roles, both to enhance myocardial infarction-derived damage and to heal injury. Therefore, the research and development of drugs for the prevention and treatment of this period has
also become the focus. This article first studied pathophysiology of MIRI, and reviewed the research progress of MIRI-related drugs. Research results show that: MIRI is inevitable for myocardial ischemia, with the possible to double damage via the ischemic condition. Therefore, it is a serious
complication and one of the most popular diseases in the world. It has always been difficult to find an effective treatment for this disease, because it is difficult to explore the inflammation behind its pathophysiology.
An Immodest Proposal: Pedagogic Information Supports for Teachers
Authors: Rothkopf Ernst Z.
Published: November 2021

Background/Context

Concerns about instructional quality have unleashed a frenzy of reform efforts, including changes in school governance, teacher recruitment, and curriculum, modification of teaching philosophies and procedures, stricter accountability management, and increased quests for scientific research information and guidance. These efforts have resulted in much hope but modest returns. We have middling success in educating our talented students and fail catastrophically with many others. Science and mathematics instruction are among our most critical weak spots. Urgent demand for technically competent people in the workplace and society calls for early relief from our educational discomforts.

Purpose/Focus

The essay examines how we can take advantage of the colossal scale of the American educational system to improve instruction. Although policy makers have persistently turned away from the fact, the same subject matter is taught in thousands of schools, year after year, and thousands of teachers face very similar instructional tasks. The huge scale of their efforts, coupled with progress in the instructive uses of digital devices, makes it sensible and economically feasible to provide teachers with powerful tools to serve their common needs. We examine requirements and possible configurations for such digital instructional tools and their uses, and we make some cost estimates.

Research Design

This is an analytic essay.

Conclusions/Recommendations

Substantial investment of technical and financial resources is proposed for the development of a pedagogic information support system (APIS) for critical courses or subject matter in which competent teachers are in short supply. These systems should be sufficiently comprehensive to cover all core components that a reasonable teacher might include, as well as instrumentally pedagogic elements. APISs are seen as loosely organized, highly redundant collections, in polymorphic digital forms, of explanations, demonstrations, simulations, interactive exercises, problems, examples, elaborations, integrative expositions, and motivational supports, as well as a deep, searchable information base. An APIS for a particular course would be sufficient to support inexperienced teachers and skillful veterans and could be used both with monitored class groups and supervised individual students. APIS can be expected to provide new opportunities for practical teacher education and to stimulate and coordinate instructional research.
Inside Student Government: The Variable Quality of High School Student Councils
Authors: Mcfarland Daniel A. , Starmanns Carlos
Published: November 2021

Background/Context

Student governments are the first direct experience that youth have of representative government. However, very little research has been done on student councils in spite of their ubiquity in American high schools and consistent references to their positive effects on the political socialization of youth.

Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study

This article studies how student councils are variably organized across the nation to determine how and why better or worse quality experiences of representative government are being had by youth just before they enter adulthood and have the opportunity to be engaged in the nation's political system.

Research Design

The authors conducted interviews with student council sponsors, collected a nationally representative sample of student council constitutions, and then looked at the variance in student powers and faculty controls over council endeavors.

Conclusions/Recommendations

The study finds that student councils are variably organized by school charters and by income levels and race of student populations. Elite public schools afford councils unprecedented powers and low faculty oversight, whereas impoverished schools and those with disadvantaged minorities tend to lack councils or merely have ones that perform social functions. By contrast, private religious schools have the most active councils engaged in a wide range of activities, but their decisions and memberships are constrained by a great deal of faculty oversight. Such variation in representative government has implications for political socialization and the types of citizens being developed in the United States.
Catholic Schools and Immigrant Students: A New Generation
Authors: Louie Vivian , Holdaway Jennifer
Published: November 2021

Background/Context

This article considers the role of Catholic schools, an institution born of the adaptation of previous immigrant waves, in the education of new immigrants and their native-born counterparts. The new immigrants enter a landscape in which education plays a much bigger role than it did for their predecessors and yet faces many challenges. Public schools, particularly in urban centers, struggle with financial difficulties and new standards of accountability. Although scholars and the media have praised Catholic schools for performing better than public schools in promoting academic achievement among urban low-income minority students, the Catholic system also faces fiscal difficulties, declining enrollments, and school closings.

Purpose/Objective/Research Questions/Focus of Study

We examine the use of Catholic school by families of different ethnic backgrounds and how attendance relates both to religious affiliation and to socioeconomic class. We also analyze whether attending or graduating from Catholic high school has a positive effect on educational attainment and on the incidence of arrest and incarceration for men, and early childbearing for women. Finally, we seek to understand why immigrant families choose Catholic schools and how their children experience them.

Research Design

We draw on data collected for the Immigrant Second Generation in Metropolitan New York Study (ISGMNY). The study includes survey data on 3,415 young adults aged 18–32 who were interviewed between 1998 and 2001. Respondents include second-generation immigrants and native-born individuals. The study also includes qualitative data from in-depth interviews. For this article, we use interviews conducted with 74 respondents from immigrant and native-born groups who attended Catholic high schools, and those who referenced Catholic schools in their educational history even if they did not attend.

Conclusions/Recommendations

For immigrant families who have arrived recently, religion seems to be more or less irrelevant to the decision to send their children to Catholic school. Instead, like many native Blacks and Latinos, these families choose Catholic schools to avoid what they see as a seriously deficient public school system. To some extent, this represents a rational choice, but for many immigrant families, it also reflects a lack of knowledge about the public education system. Although many low-income families would like to send their children to Catholic school, cost is an insurmountable barrier for many. With the exception of native-born Whites, socioeconomic factors are very important in shaping who can go to Catholic school and whether students can stay until graduation. In many cases, families were forced to withdraw their children by high school, when costs rise sharply. Nonetheless, overall, the data show a benefit in terms of educational attainment for nearly all groups, and also a positive impact in terms of avoiding of certain problems, such as early pregnancy for girls and trouble with police for boys.
Constructing a Discourse of Inquiry: Findings from a Five-Year Ethnography at One Elementary School
Authors: Jennings Louise B. , Mills Heidi
Published: November 2021

Background/Context

In an age of test-driven accountability, many schools are returning to banking pedagogies in which students passively take in content. Inquiry-based instruction offers one approach for actively involving students in meaningful learning activity, however, research on inquiry pedagogies often focuses on academic accomplishments. Our study examines how inquiry-based dialogue not only supports academic learning but also supports social learning as students and teachers negotiate, share ideas, collaborate, and problem-solve together.

Purpose

This longitudinal study builds on conceptualizations of dialogic inquiry to examine how teachers and students coconstructed a discourse of inquiry in a public magnet school. We examine the processes and practices that make up this discourse of inquiry and study the function of teacher talk in supporting academic and social learning and agency among students.

Setting

The Center for Inquiry is a public magnet elementary school located in an ethnically diverse suburban community that was formed in partnership with the University of South Carolina.

Participants

Participants included teachers and 135 students (65% European American, 30% African American) studied during a 5-year period.

Research Design

The two authors worked collaboratively with school members to collect two related ethnographic data sets. Data Set 1 captured classroom practices across all six classrooms, and Data Set 2 followed one cohort during the same 5-year period.

Findings

Findings are presented in two sections. The first section presents a discourse of inquiry made up of six interacting practices of inquiry constructed by teachers and students across classrooms. This discourse of inquiry integrates academic and social practices that position inquiry as (1) dynamic and dialogic, (2) attentive, probing, and thoughtful, (3) agentive and socially responsible, (4) relational and compassionate, (5) reflective and reflexive, and (6) valuing multiple and interdisciplinary perspectives. The second section makes visible how these practices of inquiry were coconstructed through transcripts of classroom discourse drawn from both data sets that centered on discussions of life science.

Conclusions/Recommendations

This discourse of inquiry supports students as active, thoughtful, engaged learners and community members and underscores the critical role of classroom talk, collaboration, and deliberation in meaningful learning engagements. Although teachers and students alike took multiple roles and responsibilities through inquiry, the teacher's discourse was critical in supporting and extending student learning. We recommend professional development opportunities that equip preservice and in-service teachers with resources, skills, and dispositions to become active inquirers of their own classroom and school practices and who recognize the power of classroom talk to shape and limit possibilities.