bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SifA SUMOylation governs Salmonella Typhimurium intracellular survival via modulation of lysosomal function
Authors: Chandrasekhar Hridya , Mohapatra Gayatree , Kajal Kirti , Singh Mukesh , Walia Kshitiz , Rana Sarika , Kaur Navneet , Sharma Sheetal , Tuli Amit , Das Prasenjit , Srikanth Chittur V.
Published: September 2023

One of the mechanisms shaping the pathophysiology during the infection of enteric pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium is host PTM machinery utilization by the pathogen encoded effectors. Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Tm) during infection in host cells thrives in a vacuolated compartment, Salmonella containing vacuole (SCV), which sequentially acquires host endosomal and lysosomal markers. Long tubular structures, called as Salmonella induced filaments (SIFs), are further generated by S. Tm, which are known to be required for SCV’s nutrient acquisition, membrane maintenance and stability. A tightly coordinated interaction involving prominent effector SifA and various host adapters PLEKHM1, PLEKHM2 and Rab GTPases govern SCV integrity and SIF formation. Here, we report for the first time that the functional regulation of SifA is modulated by PTM SUMOylation at its 11th lysine. S. Tm expressing SUMOylation deficient lysine 11 mutants of SifA (SifAK11R) is defective in intracellular proliferation due to compromised SIF formation and enhanced lysosomal acidification. Furthermore, murine competitive index experiments reveal defective in vivo proliferation and weakened virulence of SifAK11R mutant. Concisely, our data reveal that SifAK11R mutant nearly behaves like a SifA knockout strain which impacts Rab9-MPR mediated lysosomal acidification pathway, the outcome of which culminates in reduced bacterial load in in vitro and in vivo infection model systems. Our results bring forth a novel pathogen-host crosstalk mechanism where the SUMOylation of effector SifA regulated S. Tm intracellular survival.
Editorial: Labour, Migration, and Exploitation during COVID-19 and Lessons (Not) Learnt
Authors: Lepp Annalee , Gerasimov Borislav
Published: September 2023

This Editorial introduces a Special Issue of Anti-Trafficking Review on COVID-19 and its impacts on labour, migration, and human trafficking. It outlines some of the main challenges that internal and cross-border migrants faced during the pandemic, including closures of workplaces, deportations, lack of access to healthcare and social support, increasing xenophobia and racism, and more. It then presents a summary of the articles contained in the Special Issue and concludes with some broad reflections on the lessons (not) learnt from the pandemic.
Are They Victims of COVID-19? The livelihood and quandaries of sex workers in the New Kuchingoro camp for internally displaced people in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Bamidele Seun
Published: September 2023

In this paper, I examine the challenges faced by sex workers in the New Kuchingoro camp for internally displaced persons (IDPs) due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous studies on sex workers’ activities in the camp have underscored their hardships, distress, and deprivation, as well as their general inability to cope with COVID-19. Through my research, I reveal that the government and other agencies failed to support sex workers’ struggle to adequately provide for themselves and their families. I also explore the different strategies they employed in their efforts to survive during this period of hardship, which demonstrated their resilience.
Heparin in the Treatment of Cerebral Malaria
Authors: Munir M. , Tjandra H. , Rampengan T.H. , Mustadjab I. , Wulur F.H.
Published: September 2023

Cerebral episodes in malaria are considered to be due to thrombin in the cerebral capillaries. Heparin is beneficial in arterial thrombosis, not only on account of its anticoagulating property, but also by virtue of its slight vasodilating effect which promotes collateral circulation. Based on these, a study was undertaken with the objective of finding out the effect of heparin in the treatment of cerebral malaria.

Thirty-three cases admitted to the Child Health Department, Medical School, Sam Ratulangi University/Gunung Wenang Hospital, Manado from July /, 1973 until October 31, 1977 were divided into 2 groups: a study group receiving 300 u/kg bw/day of heparin either intramuscularly or intravenously for 3 consecutive days along with antimalarial drugs; and a control group receiving only antimalarial drugs.

Thirteen out of 17 patients of the control group succumbed (76.5%) as compared to 2 out of 16 patients of the heparin group (12.5o/o). This study shows that heparin seems to be of real benefit in the treatment of cerebral malaria in children, since not only the mortality rate reduced significantly but the general condition improved rapidly.
Analytical chemistry of engineered nanomaterials: Part 2. analysis in complex samples (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Labuda Ján , Barek Jiří , Gajdosechova Zuzana , Jacob Silvana , Johnston Linda , Krystek Petra , Mester Zoltan , Moreira Josino , Svitkova Veronika , Wilkinson Kevin J.
Published: September 2023

Recently, the scope, regulation, legislation, and metrology of the analytical chemistry of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have been reviewed in the Part 1 of the IUPAC Technical Report. Chemical analysis of nanomaterials in complex sample matrices presents a substantial challenge for analytical science and regulatory agencies. The purpose of the present Part 2 is to discuss the detection, characterization, and quantification of nanomaterials in samples of complex matrices including methods for sample preparation and fitness for purpose. Analytical methods applied to analysis in matrices of environmental samples, food, cosmetics, and biological samples as well as those used to monitor the fate of ENMs in the environment and biological systems are reported. Tables of numerous recently published works on analyses of typical ENMs with detailed protocols and conclusive comments are presented. There is a rapid development in the field mostly in the stage of accumulation of factual material. The single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is already widely used at the chemical analysis of metal-containing nanoparticles.
The incidence of post cholecystectomy pain (PCP) syndrome at 12 months following laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective evaluation in 200 patients
Authors: Lee Hayun , Askar Ahmed , Makanji Dipak , Ranjha Khadija , Karki Bishow B. , Courcol Jade , Kukreja Yuvraj , Niraj G.
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Post cholecystectomy pain syndrome can cause significant distress, impairs quality of life and exacerbations often result in emergency visits. Poorly controlled postoperative pain is a recognized cause of persistent postsurgical pain. Abdominal myofascial pain syndrome is an underdiagnosed cause of persistent pain in this cohort. The objective was to estimate the incidence of poorly controlled postoperative pain in the first 48 h after surgery and the likelihood of developing persistent pain at 12 months.

Methods

The patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy at a tertiary unit were consented for participation in a prospective service evaluation. A telephone review was performed at three, six and twelve months after surgery. Incidence of poorly controlled pain in the first 48 h after surgery was assessed. Patients with persistent pain were referred to the pain clinic.

Results

Over a six-month period, 200 patients were assessed. Eleven patients were excluded (5.5 %). Twelve patients were lost to follow-up (6.6 %, 12/189). Patient satisfaction with acute postoperative pain management was low in 40 % (76/189). Poorly controlled postoperative pain was reported by 36 % (68/189) of patients. Incidence of persistent pain was 29 % (54/189) at 12 months post-surgery. Over half of patients with persistent pain (63 %, 34/54) reported poorly controlled postoperative pain. A somatic source was diagnosed in 54 % (29/54) with post cholecystectomy pain syndrome.

Conclusions

Poorly controlled postoperative pain was reported by a third of patients. Persistent pain was present in 29 % at twelve months post-surgery. Abdominal myofascial pain syndrome should be considered as a differential diagnosis in post cholecystectomy pain syndrome.
Modulation of optical and structural properties of CoFe2O4/ZnO@CNTs for photocatalytic removal of crystal violet and phenol
Authors: Parveen Sajida , Alzahrani Fatimah Mohammed A. , Al Huwayz Maryam , Adan Wania , Alrowaili Ziyad Awadh , Noor-ul-Ain  , Chaudhary Khadija , Al-Buriahi Mohammed Sultan
Published: September 2023

Photo-catalysis is a versatile method that is used to remediate water pollution and other issues related to the environment. Metal ferrite with a spinel structure, which is frequently used as a photocatalyst, is another solution for the remediation of environmental pollution. In this work, nanoparticles of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) and zinc oxide (ZnO) were prepared by sol-gel and co-precipitation methods, respectively. CoFe2O4/ZnO (CF/ZnO) and its ternary nanocomposite with CNTs (CF/ZnO@CNTs) were fabricated by a wet-chemical approach. The prepared materials were characterized by different characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV–visible spectroscopy for the structural, functional group, and optical study respectively. Band gap values calculated for the prepared materials (CF, CF/ZnO, and CF/ZnO) were 2.45 eV, 3.37 eV, and 2.18 eV, respectively. Crystal violet and phenol were used for the evaluation of the photocatalytic efficiency of the prepared samples. In case of crystal violet photocatalytic degradation of the CF, ZnO and CF/ZnO was 21.43 %, 46.43 %, and 66.62 %, respectively. Whereas, CF/ZnO@CNTs outperformed all catalysts with 97.61 % degradation of crystal violet dye. The degradation of phenol by CF/ZnO and CF/ZnO@CNTs was 53.70 % and 83.33 %, respectively. The CF/ZnO@CNTs exhibit excellent photodegradation activity than other photocatalysts used. It is because of heterojunction fabrication and the presence of CNTs as they increase the life span of photo-generated species and enhance the surface area of the catalyst.
Dose-Response Relationships of Resistance Training in Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Huan , Ma Baoan , Wang Guotuan , Wang Pu , Long Hua , Niu Shun , Dong Chuan , Zhang Hongtao , Zhao Zhen , Ma Qiong , Hsu Chihw-Wen , Yang Yong , Wei Jianshe
Published: September 2023

Background and Purpose:

To determine the effects of resistance training (RT) on symptoms, function, and lower limb muscle strength in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and to determine the optimal dose-response relationships.

Data Sources:

We searched the PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases from inception to January 23, 2022.

Eligibility Criteria:

Randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of RT in KOA patients (mean age ≥50 years) were included.

Data Synthesis:

We applied Hedges' g of the random-effects model to calculate the between-subject standardized mean difference (SMDbs). A random-effects metaregression was calculated to explain the influence of key training variables on the effectiveness of RT. We used the Grading of Recommendations Assessments, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) method to appraise the certainty of evidence.

Results:

A total of 46 studies with 4289 participants were included. The analysis revealed moderate effects of RT on symptoms and function (SMDbs =−0.52; 95% CI: −0.64 to −0.40), and lower limb muscle strength (SMDbs = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.42 to 0.64) in the intervention group compared with the control group. The results of the metaregression revealed that only the variable “training period” (P< .001) had significant effects on symptoms, function, and lower limb muscle strength, and the 4 to 8 weeks of training subgroup showed greater effects than other subgroups (SMDbs =−0.70, −0.91 to −0.48; SMDbs = 0.76, 0.56 to 0.96).

Conclusions:

Compared with inactive treatments, RT is strongly recommended to improve symptoms, function, and muscle strength in individuals with KOA. Dose-response relationship analysis showed that 4 to 8 weeks of RT had more benefits.
Experimental Wave-Based Assessment of Liquefaction Resistance for Different Degrees of Saturation
Authors: Molina-Gómez Fausto , Viana da Fonseca António , Ferreira Cristiana , Caicedo Bernardo
Published: September 2023

This paper presents the results of an experimental program carried out in the laboratory aimed at assessing the liquefaction resistance by correlations between longitudinal wave (P-wave) and shear wave (S-wave) velocities (VP and VS) and cyclic stress ratio from triaxial testing (CSRCTx) for different degrees of saturation (Sr). The liquefaction resistance was assessed using a cyclic triaxial apparatus equipped with Hall-effect transducers and bender elements, combining stress-based (large-strain level) and wave-based (small-strain level) approaches. These tests were carried out in soil specimens at relatively high degrees of saturation, which were estimated during testing by VP measurements interpreted using Biot’s theory. The results revealed that, for the same relative density and confinement stress, the S-wave-based approach did not predict the liquefaction resistance well because of the negligible variation in the stress state and soil stiffness for the assessed Sr values, which were above the air-entry value. In turn, the P-wave-based approach effectively predicted the liquefaction resistance increment of the TP-Lisbon sand for different Sr conditions because of the strong dependency of P-wave propagation on the degree of saturation in granular media. This is a consequence of the most relevant factor conditioning the pore pressure buildup in partially saturated sands, e.g., the compressibility of the occluded air bubbles, which can be detected by VP but not by VS.
Evaluation of Moisture Accumulation in Composite Roof Decks in High Humidity Environments such as Natatoriums in Cold Climates Using Hygrothermal Modeling
Authors: Sirdeshpande Gourish
Published: September 2023

High humidity and corrosive indoor environments in natatoriums in cold climates pose unique risks and challenges due to moisture condensation in roofs. Without the existence of standards for roof design, based on a simple, steady-state dew-point analysis, the common practice is to employ at least a 0.1 perm vapor retarder on the warm side of the assembly to eliminate the risk of condensation. The use of the vapor retarder in preventing condensation is not well understood. This study investigates the role of a vapor retarder in a roof assembly for natatoriums by hygrothermal modeling in Climate Zone 7 using WUFI. A wood composite roof deck (R-value of > 35 hr·ft2·°F/BTU) that provides acoustics, thermal insulation, and a nailable surface such as oriented stranded board (OSB), with and without a vapor retarder, at different locations in the assembly is used as a roofing candidate for the simulation. The moisture accumulation in the OSB board over the years of exposure is used as an indicator of the roof's performance. In addition, the presence of a dew point to verify the occurrence of condensation in the assembly is monitored. The simulation results show that even without a vapor retarder: 1) The moisture content in the OSB reaches a dynamic steady state in 3-5 years. 2) Maximum moisture content in the OSB does not exceed more than 11.6% (>20% is considered “risky”). 3) There is no risk of condensation in the assembly at any point in time. 4) With the placement of a vapor retarder on the warm side or close to the OSB, the maximum moisture content is reduced to 11.2%. These observations contradict the simple dew point analysis model that is commonly used to prescribe a vapor retarder for the roof assembly and question the need for one in the roof assemblies.
New Research on Hail Damage to 55% Al-Zn Alloy–Coated Steel Roofing
Authors: Dutton Ron , Haddock Rob
Published: September 2023

For several years, the insurance industry has been addressing the important question of what is considered cosmetic damage versus functional damage when assessing hail impact on low-slope metal roofing. Cosmetic damage due to hail is often excluded from coverage. However, the distinction between the two has been challenged by forensic experts who base their opinions on unsubstantiated claims of reduced service life of a dimpled roof due to moisture retention and microfracture within a hail divot. The Metal Building Manufacturers Association (MBMA) recently completed two research projects on the effects of hail on 55% Al-Zn alloy–coated steel roofing systems, which is the most common metal roofing material used in the U.S. marketplace. These projects, which evaluated the water ponding drying rates for simulated hail impact divots in 55% Al-Zn alloy–coated steel roof panels and the coating damage due to roll forming of these panels, provide much-needed information to define the differentiators between “cosmetic” and “functional” damage.
Condensation in Cool Roofs—Code Challenges, Field Observations, and Hygrothermal Modeling
Authors: Gromowski Kade , Simon Keith A. , Johnson Eli
Published: September 2023

Since the early 2000s there has been a surge of U.S. cities adopting “cool” roofing (e.g., high-reflectivity roof coverings) initiatives and mandates with the intent of improving energy efficiency. For many years, “cool” roofing (e.g., use of high-reflectance roof coverings) was predominantly restricted to warmer climates, but it has become more prevalent in mixed and heating climate zones within the last five years. However, improperly placed or configured insulation in “cool” roofs in these mixed and heating climate zones can lead to condensation and associated biological growth, air quality concerns, and structural deterioration. The model code requirements for roofs, particularly for reroofing and recover projects, do not provide adequate guidance on how to prevent condensation for “cool” roofing in mixed and heating climate zones. Reroofing and recover projects are particularly susceptible to condensation-related failures because they are less likely to have a qualified designer or consultant involved. The authors of this paper have observed the harmful effects of an improperly configured “cool” roof assembly on projects in various climate zones. However, hygrothermal modeling can be used to mitigate the condensation potential by evaluating the performance of a proposed cool roofing system to ensure long-term durability. This paper discusses the current model code deficiencies, describes several case studies exhibiting the deterioration that can be caused by condensation in a cool roofing assembly, provides hygrothermal modeling case studies that demonstrate this phenomenon, and provides design solutions to common issues. In addition, this paper discusses how local industry professionals worked with the city of Denver when the city adopted a “cool” roofing mandate to author location-specific provisions that would protect Denver's “cool” roofs from the deleterious effects of condensation. The holistic approach developed in Denver could be considered for future “cool” roofing provisions in other jurisdictions as this trend continues across the country.
Lessons from Roof Refurbishment Projects in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Roberts Keith
Published: September 2023

A current environmental goal in the roofing industry is to reduce the wastage of construction materials. In Europe, a growing trend is to reuse existing building structures and refurbish the roofing. Much has been written about the design of new buildings in which the roof system is supported by a new deck and a new structure of known shape, condition, and strength. However, for roof refurbishment projects in which an aged deck and thermal insulation may be retained, the design decisions are more complex. Few current standards give guidance on this critical area, so designers must have a good working understanding of the performance of the salvaged substructure. Commercially this is an important field because more than two-thirds of roofing work is for building alteration, refurbishment, and retrofitting. Lessons can be learned from past roof refurbishment projects. In 2015 the International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction (CIB) published a report on improving roof reliability that identified 12 common principles or “tenets of reliable roofing.” The final tenet is that we should learn from experience. This paper draws on the author’s experience with three different projects: the replacement of a wind-damaged, single-ply membrane roof near London, United Kingdom (UK); remedial work on an aluminum-faced roof panel system in Ireland that experienced thermal movement and distress; and a novel timber roof deck over a swimming pool that suffered from severe condensation and structural deflection. Adopting a multidisciplined approach for the investigation, the author analyzed the defects and design of the roof refurbishment projects. This paper seeks to share in a constructive form the findings from refurbishment projects and identifies the need to promote better knowledge transfer as a research goal, potentially by establishing a “Notices to Roofers” protocol.
Evidence That Ultrafast Nonquantal Transmission Underlies Synchronized Vestibular Action Potential Generation
Authors: Pastras Christopher J. , Curthoys Ian S. , Asadnia Mohsen , McAlpine David , Rabbitt Richard D. , Brown Daniel J.
Published: September 2023

Amniotes evolved a unique postsynaptic terminal in the inner ear vestibular organs called the calyx that receives both quantal and nonquantal (NQ) synaptic inputs from Type I sensory hair cells. The nonquantal synaptic current includes an ultrafast component that has been hypothesized to underlie the exceptionally high synchronization index (vector strength) of vestibular afferent neurons in response to sound and vibration. Here, we present three lines of evidence supporting the hypothesis that nonquantal transmission is responsible for synchronized vestibular action potentials of short latency in the guinea pig utricle of either sex. First, synchronized vestibular nerve responses are unchanged after administration of the AMPA receptor antagonist CNQX, while auditory nerve responses are completely abolished. Second, stimulus evoked vestibular nerve compound action potentials (vCAP) are shown to occur without measurable synaptic delay and three times shorter than the latency of auditory nerve compound action potentials (cCAP), relative to the generation of extracellular receptor potentials. Third, paired-pulse stimuli designed to deplete the readily releasable pool (RRP) of synaptic vesicles in hair cells reveal forward masking in guinea pig auditory cCAPs, but a complete lack of forward masking in vestibular vCAPs. Results support the conclusion that the fast component of nonquantal transmission at calyceal synapses is indefatigable and responsible for ultrafast responses of vestibular organs evoked by transient stimuli.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe mammalian vestibular system drives some of the fastest reflex pathways in the nervous system, ensuring stable gaze and postural control for locomotion on land. To achieve this, terrestrial amniotes evolved a large, unique calyx afferent terminal which completely envelopes one or more presynaptic vestibular hair cells, which transmits mechanosensory signals mediated by quantal and nonquantal (NQ) synaptic transmission. We present several lines of evidence in the guinea pig which reveals the most sensitive vestibular afferents are remarkably fast, much faster than their auditory nerve counterparts. Here, we present neurophysiological and pharmacological evidence that demonstrates this vestibular speed advantage arises from ultrafast NQ electrical synaptic transmission from Type I hair cells to their calyx partners.
Underwater Acoustic Intensity Analysis using Noise Assisted-MEMD with Varying Distances
Authors: Fajarwati Laily , Feriadi Yusron , Widjiati Endang
Published: September 2023

With current developments, underwater communication using acoustic signals is widely used. Many things need to be prepared to support a reliable underwater communication system, such as taking measurements in a test tank to find out the correct measurement configuration. Underwater acoustic intensity measurements, which are detailed in this paper, are performed in the test tank using distance variation schemes. Measurements were made at various distances of 4, 10, 20, and 50 meters from the signal source. The hydrophone that was used has a sensitivity of -180 dB re 1V/µPa. The hydrophone was placed at a depth of 2 meters below the surface of the water in the test tank, which divided the test tank depth in half to ensure that reflections from the bottom and the surface were kept to a minimum. However, the problem is that there are noisy signals at different frequencies. This paper proposes a method using Noise Assisted - Multivariate Empirical Mode Decomposition (NA-MEMD) to decompose the signal and then calculate the sound intensity. The result shows that an increase in the distance between the transmitter and receiver, also causes a change in the intensity with an average change of 0.467 dB/meter. It is concluded that the NA-MEMD approach was shown to be successful in decomposing the intended signal from the noise to equalize the quality of the signal received at different distances, and the correlation between intensity value and change in distance is resilient, with a correlation value of 0.98, indicating a very strong correlation.
El ejido posrevolucionario en México: traslape entre lógicas de acceso y propiedad de la tierra y los recursos en el sur de Veracruz (México)
Authors: Gutiérrez Campo Ruben Dario , Velázquez Hernández Emilia
Published: September 2023

Objetivo: reflexionar en torno a las discordancias frecuentes entre las modalidades locales de acceso a la tierra y las formas de usufructo decretadas por la reforma agraria. En particular, se enfoca en las prácticas cotidianas que favorecieron la construcción de espacios de autonomía local, gracias a los cuales durante varias décadas prevaleció un acceso informal a la tierra sobrepuesto a los dictados estatales. Metodología: el texto combina trabajo de campo y revisión de expedientes agrarios en dos ejidos de la región sur del estado de Veracruz. Originalidad: esta radica en la comparación del proceso de reparto agrario en dos localidades con distinto origen étnico y conformación sociocultural. Conclusión: independientemente de la configuración étnica, social y cultural, el proyecto agrario del Estado posrevolucionario fue resignificado con la intención de adaptarlo a prácticas locales que aminoraban las exclusiones vinculadas al reparto agrario.
Biochemistry of aroma compounds in cheese
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Chemistry, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Maslov Bandić Luna
Published: September 2023

Cheese is one of the most popular dairy products, with an incredible diversity of varieties, shapes, textures, and flavours available locally and globally. Extensive research has been conducted on the aroma compounds present in cheese. Numerous studies have identified over 3000 volatile and non-volatile components in cheese. The volatile components, which consist of fatty acids, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones, lactones, sulphur compounds, amines, and other flavour-active compounds, are primarily responsible for the aromatic characteristics (aroma) of cheese. This paper thoroughly discusses the biochemistry behind the formation of significant aroma compounds that affect overall cheese quality and sensory characteristics. It provides an extensive review of the most recent methodologies for the extraction and determination of aroma compounds in cheese.
Investigation of some probiotic properties of Lactobacillaceae strains isolated from traditional Tulum cheese in Turkey
Authors:   Sakarya University, Department of Food Engineering, Sakarya, 54187, Turkey, Kiliç Kanak Eda
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the probiotic properties of Lactobacillaceae strains isolated from Tulum, Turkey. Ten strains of Lactobacillaceae spp. were taxonomically identified as follows: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum (6), Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (2), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (1) and Lacticaseibacillus casei (1). Their probiotic properties, antimicrobial activities and tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal conditions such as low pH, pepsin, pancreatin and bile salts were evaluated. The results show that 10 lactic acid bacterial strains have high auto aggregation, coaggregation and hydrophobic properties. Antibiotic resistance and haemolytic activity were determined for safety assessment of the strains. Selected isolates showing high antimicrobial activity and the ability to remove cholesterol were also detected. These bacteria were found to have antioxidant activity as well. Therefore, these ten extracted lactic acid bacteria are promising potential candidates for use as probiotics. In this comprehensive study, L. plantarum SM27, L. plantarum S74 and L. paracasei RU39-7 were found to have the best probiotic properties. Important information was obtained on the probiotic and functional properties of Lactobacillaceae strains isolated from traditionally fermented Tulum cheese, which can be used as a rich source of probiotic bacteria. It was found that it is possible to isolate probiotic bacteria from traditional fermented cheeses.
Impact of parity on the profile of fatty acids with potential importance for human health in camel (Camelus dromedarius) milk
Authors:   Arid Lands Institute, Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia, Chamekh Latifa
Published: September 2023

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of parity on the proportion of fatty acids with potential health significance in camel milk fat. Milk samples were collected from four multiparous and four primiparous camels in intensive husbandry at mid-lactation stage. Fatty acid methyl esters were analysed by gas chromatography in conjunction with a flame ionisation detector. Parity had a significant effect on fat and total solids content (p<0.05); mutiparous camels produced milk with lower fat and total solids content. In contrast, protein and ash content were not affected by parity (p>0.05). Primipara camels produced milk richer (p<0.05) in odd and branched chain fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, C17:0, C15:0, omega-3 fatty acids, oleic acid, vaccenic acid and α-linolenic acid, while poorer (p<0.05) for total short-chain fatty acids, total medium-chain fatty acids, total saturated fatty acids, C6:0, C10:0, C14:0, c9-C16:0, C16:0 and iso-C16:0. In addition, the desaturation index for C16, which is an indicator of Δ9-desaturase activity, and the atherogenicity index were lower in primiparous camels (p<0.05). Parity had no effect on conjugated linoleic acid content (p>0.05). Overall, the milk fat of primiparous camels appears to have a relatively high nutritional value, as it contained higher levels of beneficial fatty acids and lower levels of saturated fatty acids.
Characterizing Developing Teacher-Researcher Identities
Authors: Alcazaren Holden Kenneth
Published: September 2023

Despite increasing scholarship on teacher identity, there remains a gap on characterizing developing teacher-researcher identities, which can provide a deeper understanding of the many facets of the teaching profession. To fill this gap, the study examined the experiences of a Filipino high school teacher, Levi, who was mainly selected for typifying local teacher-researchers. The study asked the following questions: (1) How did Levi’s language teacher-researcher identities develop? and (2) How can Levi’s language teacher-researcher identities be characterized throughout development? Following the narrative inquiry approach, questions eliciting experiences of being a teacher-researcher were used for conducting semi-structured online interviews. Interview data were transcribed and coded. Grounded on Gee’s theory on identity, the coded data were analyzed to determine how teacher-researcher identities developed, and experiences were unpacked to determine manifested teacher-researcher identities. Findings showed that Levi’s language teacher-researcher identities developed in a transformative manner marked by Beginning, Developmental, and Conflict stages. Levi’s novice teacher-researcher identities were flexible and adaptable in the Beginning stage, socially receptive in Developmental, and grappling for balance in Conflict. Levi’s language teacher-researcher identities were molded by a reflective process marked by professional learning, peer mentorship, and identity negotiation. Developing consciousness of one’s teacher-researcher identities by participating in continuous professional development and seeking opportunities for research collaboration and research engagement is recommended.
The correlation between nursing students’ levels of fear and stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic and their compliance with standard precautions
Authors:   Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey, Yilmaz Kurt Fatma , Alankaya Naile ,   Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey, Atay Selma ,   Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey, Efil Sevda ,   Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
Published: September 2023

Introduction and aim. University students have been demonstrated in the literature to be a group particularly vulnerable to mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between the fear and anxiety levels of nursing students regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and their compliance with standard precautions. Material and methods. The sample consisted of 509 volunteer students. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale (CAS) and the Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale (CSPS). Results. The FCV-19S, CAS, and CSPS mean scores of the students were respectively 17.49±5.24 1.99±3.54 and 13.46±3.61. There was a moderate correlation (p<0.05) between the FCV-19S and CAS of the students, but no correlation was detected between CSPS and FCV-19S (p>0.05) and CAS (p>0.05). Conclusion. It was determined that students had a moderate fear of COVID-19 and a low level of anxiety over COVID-19. However, fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 anxiety levels were not correlated with compliance with standard precautions.
Effect of meditation on premenstrual syndrome in female medical students
Authors:   Department of Physiology, SGT University, Budhera, Gurugram, India, Kaur Harminder , Kaur Nimarpreet ,   Department of Physiology, SGT University, Budhera, Gurugram, India, Akula Gangadhar Reddy ,   Department of Anatomy, Santhiram Medical College, Nandyala. Andhra Pradesh, India, Kodidala Satyanath Reddy ,   Department of Physiology, JJM Medical College and Hospital. Davangere, Karnataka, India
Published: September 2023

Introduction and aim. A symptom complex of cyclic irritability, depression and lethargy is known as the premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Since ages women suffered from PMS. As varied as the etiology, innumerable treatment modalities have been put forward for PMS. Stress is accompanied most closely associated in PMS. Practicing yoga and meditation significantly important for PMS symptoms in reducing its symptoms and period crams as well. The present study aims the impact of meditation in people with PMS. The aim of the study was to see any effect of Shavasana (meditation) training on stress parameters in premenstrual syndrome in female medical students. Material and methods. The present study was approved by institutional ethical committee. Thirty clinically healthy female medical students who were suffering from PMS selected using a premenstrual questionnaire. The values of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and serum cortisol were measured before meditation. Subjects were then taken through Shavasana (meditation) session for 4 weeks at the same time daily. On the last day of meditation session all above parameters were again recorded and the data was analyzed statistically. Results. The baseline values of all parameters in premeditation session compared to post meditation session. The basal SBP, DBP and HR of female medical students with PMS were significantly higher in pre meditation session than post meditation session with p value of SBP=0.0002, DBP=0.0001, HR<0.0001 respectively which indicated the presence of stress. Following a 4weeks of Shavasana meditation a significant fall in baseline SBP, DBP, HR and the serum Cortisol value was observed. Conclusion. These findings proves that Shavasana is an effective treatment modality to get rid of stress during premenstrual phase.
Cancer patients’ attitudes towards holistic complementary and alternative medicine in the management of sleep problems
Authors:   Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Atlas University, Istanbul, Turkey, Baykal Dilek , Dedeoğlu Demir Burcu ,   Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul, Turkey, Yildirim Dilek ,   Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
Published: September 2023

Introduction and aim. Sleep problems are frequently experienced in cancer patients and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is solve the problem. However, patients’ attitudes towards this practice are crucial. This study was purpose to investigate the attitudes of cancer patients towards CAM practices in the management of sleep problems. Material and methods. This cross-sectional. and descriptive study was conducted between February-June 2020, on 140 cancer patients in oncology/haematology clinics, three different hospitals in Istanbul. Data were collected by using the Information Form, “Richard Campbell Sleep Questionnaire and The Attitudes towards Holistic Complementary and Alternative Medicine scale”. Results. It was found that the patients had problems with sleep in general 42.74±21.31, mostly in the aspect of the quality of sleep 36.28±26.1. It was determined that stage IV cancer, education and income level of patients affect sleep problems. While female holistic health attitudes were more negative and, their attitudes towards CAM were positive. It was found in the analysis of variance that was performed to determine the difference between the mean scores towards sleep problems of patients in different stages (F=3.062; p<0.05). Conclusion. It was found that cancer patients usually had sleep problems, and their attitudes towards CAM practices were positive.
The effect of foot baths on foot pain and leg edema of nursing students during clinical training
Authors:   Department of Nursing, Bartin University Faculty of Health Sciences, Bartin, Turkey, Çelik Sevim , Cerrah Gülbahar ,   Department of Nursing, Bartin University Faculty of Health Sciences, Bartin, Turkey, Gürel Berşan ,   Department of Nursing, Bartin University Faculty of Health Sciences, Bartin, Turkey, Sağlık Cavide ,   Department of Nursing, Bartin University Faculty of Health Sciences, Bartin, Turkey, Albayrak İrem ,   Department of Nursing, Bartin University Faculty of Health Sciences, Bartin, Turkey
Published: September 2023

Introduction and aim. Edema and pain may occur in the lower extremities due to the long-term standing work of nursing students and the stress they experience. In this study, the aim was to determine the effect of foot baths applied after clinical practice on foot pain and leg edema in nursing students. Material and methods. This randomized controlled study was carried out with second year nursing students. The intervention group received a foot bath (including immersion in water and massage). No intervention was performed on the control group. The data was collected using a survey form, edema follow-up form, visual analog scale, and foot bath equipment. Results. Edema levels in the right tibia decreased statistically on the 1st and 2nd days after the foot bath compared to the values measured after nurses performed clinical practice, while the edema level in the left tibia decreased significantly in the first and fourth weeks (p<0.05). The right and left foot pain scores in the intervention group increased in the evening of the day after the clinical practice compared to before clinical practice, and pain scores decreased statistically significantly after foot bath (p<0.001). The foot pain scores expressed by the students in the first week increased continuously (p<0.001). Conclusion. The study showed that a foot bath performed after clinical practice were effective for easing foot pain and leg edema.
A patient with overlap syndrome: systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, and Sjögren’s syndrome – a rare overlapping diseases case report
Authors:   Student Scientific Association at the Department of Human Immunology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland, Sokołowska Aldona , Iwański Mateusz ,   Student Scientific Association at the Department of Human Immunology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland, Dąbrowski Piotr ,   Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
Published: September 2023

Introduction and aim. Autoimmune rheumatic diseases are a group of disorders with similar clinical, laboratory and immunological manifestations. Connective tissue diseases include systemic scleroderma, dermatomyositis or polymyositis, Sjögren’s syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. If the patient meets the diagnostic criteria for at least two of these diseases and has specific serologic markers, a diagnosis of overlap syndrome is possible. Description of the case. This case describes a 27-year-old man who had a history of paroxysmal fever, night sweats, erythema-like skin lesions on the forearms and lower legs, a feeling of progressive muscle weakness especially in the proximal muscles, and dry mouth. The patient was diagnosed with an overlap syndrome: systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, and Sjögren’s syndrome. Conclusion. Overlap syndrome is difficult to treat due to its multisystem nature, requiring a symptomatic therapeutic approach and careful control of medication doses to reduce side effects while controlling disease activity.
Nutritional knowledge about the Mediterranean diet and its practical application among students in Poland
Authors:   Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Poland, Karlik Sandra , Dereń Katarzyna ,   Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Poland
Published: September 2023

Introduction and aim. The popularity of the Mediterranean diet is increasing and following it has many health benefits, including improving mental well-being. The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional knowledge about the Mediterranean diet and its practical application among students in Poland. Material and methods. The study assessed a group of 313 students in Poland. The research tool was a questionnaire that focused on knowledge about the Mediterranean diet. Results. The study showed that in terms of knowledge of the Mediterranean diet, students scored on average 6.5±3.2 points (on a scale 0–11). When it comes to dietary compliance, the average score was 6.3±2.4 points (scale 1–13 points). The better the knowledge of the diet, the better the compliance with its rules. Statistically, the analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between the age and/or academic degree of the students and their higher level of knowledge. The greater compliance with Mediterranean eating patterns was influenced by the location, age, or education of the respondents. Conclusion. The study shows that the surveyed group of students in Poland has only an average level of knowledge and compliance with the Mediterranean diet.
Analysis of trends and determinants of the «Big 4» companies in the global audit market
Authors: Gordieieva Tamara , Tsaturian Arutiun
Published: September 2023

The object of research is the «Big 4» – a group of the largest international auditing companies, which includes: Deloitte (Great Britain), PricewaterhouseCoopers (USA), Ernst&Young (Great Britain) and KPMG (Netherlands). The target market of the «Big Four» companies is mainly large companies operating in various sectors of the world economy and regions of the world. Over the years, the «Big 4» companies have been leading the global audit services market and growing their revenues. Companies offer audit, tax and consulting services to their clients. This study is aimed at determining and evaluating the influence of the state of the world economy on the performance of companies and identifying the key endogenous determinants of the sustainability of their development. A comparative analysis of the dynamics of growth rates of global gross domestic product and aggregate global income of the «Big 4» companies during 2009–2022 showed their similarity, but not identity. The annual growth rates of the «Big 4» aggregate income mostly exceeded similar indicators of the global gross domestic product. The conducted correlation-regression analysis of the dependence of the aggregate revenues of the «Big 4» companies on the economic situation in the world confirmed the significant influence of the state of the world economy on the performance of the «Big 4» and made it possible to determine the level of this influence. A number of endogenous determinants contributing to the sustainable development of a group of companies in an unstable economic environment have been identified: the target segment (the largest international and national companies), broad industry diversification and geographical coverage of client companies, timely updating of the range of services in accordance with demand, effective international marketing strategies, use innovative technologies, highly professional management and company personnel.