bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Results of 15 Years of Collaboration between the Departments of Ophthalmology and Stomatology in Oncological Surgery of the Orbit: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach
Authors: Bydžovský Jan , Diblík Pavel , Holakovský Jiří , Mašek Martin , Vlachopulos Vasilis , Sklenka Petr , Kuthan Pavel , Mazánek Jiří
Published: December 2021

Aim: To report an overview of the most frequent tumors of the orbit, suggest diagnostic approach and possible solution according to experience with own cohort of patients.
Material and Methods: From patients’ files from the Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Stomatology, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, and General Faculty Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic, there were selected patients, who underwent the surgery due to the suspicion of malignant development in the orbit during the period 2005 – 2019. From the surgical records we found information about 497 cases. At the Department of Stomatology, there were 282 surgeries under general anesthesia performed, and at the Department of Ophthalmology, there were 215 surgeries, mostly under local anesthesia performed.
Results: The number of surgeries in men and women was equal; patients of all ages were present. The median of patients’ age operated on at the Department of Stomatology was 53 years, and at the Department of Ophthalmology 63 years. The most common primary benign tumor was the cavernous hemangioma (9 %), the most common non-tumorous expansion was the dermoid cyst (7 %); the most common malignant tumor was the lymphoma (17.5 %). The last mentioned tumor was the most common diagnosis in the whole cohort as well.
Conclusion: Our cohort of patients is comparable with large cohorts published in the literature concerning age and gender distributions. Differences in frequencies of some lesions may be explained by that our cohort includes patients after the surgery only. The malignant lymphoma is the most common diagnosis indicated to surgical procedure, mostly biopsy. Comparing the two cohorts from our departments 20 years apart, the malignant lymphoma remains the most common indication for surgery, but the incidence of adenomas and adenocarcinomas of the lacrimal gland decreased. It is not the goal of this paper to evaluate all possible orbital affections. Suggested surgical approaches are just recommendations according to years of experience; however, in some situations, to choose an individual surgical approach is necessary.
Presbyopia Management with Diffractive Phakic Posterior Chamber IOL
Authors: Bianchi German R.
Published: December 2021

Objective: To evaluate safety and refractive efficiency after posterior chamber diffractive implantable phakic contact lens (IPCL) surgery.
Material and Methods: A prospective non-randomized case-series study was performed on 54 myopic eyes of 27 patients who had undergone diffractive IPCL surgery. Corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), central corneal thickness (CCT), intra-ocular pressure (IOP), vault, uncorrected distance (UDVA), spherical equivalent (SE) and defocus curve, were all evaluated twelve months after surgery. The presence of cataracts was evaluated by slit-lamp during a postoperative follow-up.
Results: Mean age was 47 ± 2.62 years-old. Mean SE decreased, from -5.95 ± 2.56 D in a pre-operative stage, to -0.25 ± 0.25 D twelve months after surgery. Achieved UDVA was 20/20 in 24.1% of all cases, 20/25 in 74.1% of them, and 20/32 in all remaining cases. No eyes suffered lost lines of vision. The binocular defocus curve was 0.06 ± 0.05 logMAR for a -3.0 D of defocus; 0.11 ± 0.04 logMAR for a -1.5 D of defocus, and 0.08
± 0.03 logMAR for a 0 D of defocus. Twelve months after surgery, mean ECD had decreased by 1.43 %, whereas mean CCT had increased by 0.06 %, without any significant statistical difference (p = 0.28 and p = 0.93 respectively). No difference (p: 0.86) in the vault was observed at 6 months vs.12 months, as well as between IOP measurements (p = 0.22). There were no non-intra or postoperative complications, and, specifically, no cataracts developed either.
Conclusions: Diffractive IPCL was implanted safely. Corneal endothelial CD, CCT, vault, and IOP remained stable twelve months after surgery. Visual acuity for distance, intermediate and near sight were achieved without spectacles.
Highlights of Advances in Medical Retina from the Virtual World Ophthalmology Congress 2020
Authors: Date Akshay , Nigam Chandni
Published: December 2021

The World Ophthalmology Congress (WOC) is one of the largest international ophthalmology conferences, taking place every two years. The event this year was the first of its kind, held as a virtual summit due to the Covid-19 pandemic. There were over 2000 talks from world experts, a virtual industry exhibition including free papers, e-posters, live symposia and presentations. Medical retina is a subspecialty in which exciting and innovative advances in research were presented. The topics covered included the use of Conbercept for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy, Faricimab in Diabetic Macular Oedema and neovascular Age Related Macular Degeneration (nAMD), Brolucizumab, Aflibercept and Port Delivery Systems in nAMD, amongst many others. Medical retina continues to be a rapidly advancing field within ophthalmology with new research findings having great implications for treatment burden and service delivery. This report summaries the highlights of advances within the medical retina subspecialty from free papers in WOC 2020.
Pupillotonia and Adie Syndrome
Authors: Horkovičová Kristína , Popov Ivajlo , Valášková Jela
Published: December 2021

The aim of the work is to approach the examination of the pupil with a focus on anisocoria, its characteristics and approach to the diagnosis of pupillotonia and Adie's syndrome and its clinical evaluation. Pupil function is important not only in neurophthalmological examination but also in general ophthalmological examination. First of all, we need to know how the reflex arc works in order to be able to exclude or confirm whether the parasympathetic or sympathetic is affected. It is also necessary to know the exact characteristics of the pupil, such as size, shape, placement, function and reaction to light and at close range. Only on this basis can we distinguish pathological features. We do not often encounter this diagnosis, but it is necessary to keep it in mind, especially in the field of neurophthalmology but also in general ophthalmology. We also present three cases of pupilotonia and Adie's syndrome, which we diagnosed at the Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, after the patient himself came by emergency admission or was sent directly to ophthalmology clinic. In the discussion, we present various other diagnoses, where the reflex arc may not be affected, but the pathological pupil is caused by intraocular tumors, general systemic diseases and, last but not least, local therapy or alkaloids.
Transscleral Diode Cyclophotocoagulation in Treatment of Glaucoma
Authors: Farraová Petra , Ondrejková Marta , Demianová Daniela
Published: December 2021

Cyclodestructive procedures are an alternative of surgical treatment of medically refractory glaucoma.
Aim: To assess efficiency and safety of diode cyclophotocoagulation (CPC).
Methods: Retrospective study included 81 eyes with advanced glaucoma operated with CPC for elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) from January 2017 to January 2019. CPC was performed in retrobulbar anesthesia with contact diode laser FOX (A.R.C. Laser, Germany) of wavelength 810 nm, transsclerally to the ciliary body. Energy settings: intensity 2 W, exposition time 2 s, 18 applications in arc of 360°. Decrease of intraocular pressure was investigated during month 1, 6 and 12 after CPC. Safety was evaluated according to the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) on Snellen optotypes and number of postoperative complications.
Results: Study on 31 eyes of 24 patients, 21 (68 %) women and 10 (32 %) men, with follow-up during more than 12 months. Mean follow-up time was 19.5 ± 6.1 (from 12 to 29) months. Average age was 75.9 ± 9.2 (56 - 93) years. Indication for CPC was primary open angle glaucoma in 15 eyes (49 %), primary angle closure glaucoma in 6 eyes (19 %) and secondary glaucomas in 10 eyes (32 %). All patients were on therapy of 4 antiglaucomatic drops and 10 of them (32 %) on acetazolamide pills.
IOP before CPC was 25.4 ± 11.0 (13–56) mm Hg. After 1 year IOP decreased to 16.9 ± 6.1 (8–40) mm Hg. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before CPC was 0.39 ± 0.34 (0-1), 1 year after CPC 0.36 ± 0.33 (0-1). 1 year after CPC, 11 eyes (35 %) lost 0.23 ± 0.14 rows. 6 from these (19 %) due to other acquired ocular pathologies.
Hypotony occurred in 6 % and uveitis in 10 % eyes.
Conclusion: CPC is a safe and effective method of lowering IOP.
Recommendations for the Management of Uveitis Associated with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: The Czech and Slovak Adaptation of the Share Initiative
Authors: Malcová Hana
Published: December 2021

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in children and uveitis is its most important extra-articular manifestation. Evidence-based recommendations are available only to a limited extent and therefore JIA associated uveitis management is mostly based on physicians’ experience. Consequently, treatment practices differ widely, both nationally and internationally. Therefore, an effort to optimize and publish recommendations for the care of children and young adults with rheumatic diseases was launched in 2012 as part of the international project SHARE (Single Hub and Access Point for Pediatric Rheumatology in Europe) to facilitate clinical practice for paediatricians and (paediatric) rheumatologists.
The aim of this work was to translate published international SHARE recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of JIA associated uveitis and to adapt them for use in the Czech and Slovak Republics.
International recommendations were developed according to the standard methodology of the European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) by a group of nine experienced paediatric rheumatologists and three experts in ophthalmology. It was based on a systematic literature review and evaluated in the form of an online survey and subsequently discussed using a nominal group technique. Recommendations were accepted if > 80% agreement was reached (including all three ophthalmologists).
A total of 22 SHARE recommendations were accepted: 3 on diagnosis, 5 on disease activity assessment, 12 on treatment and 2 on future recommendations. Translation of the original text was updated and modified with data specific to the czech and slovak health care systems and supplemented with a proposal for a protocol of ophthalmological dispensarization of paediatric JIA patients and a treatment algorithm for JIA associated uveitis.
Conclusion: The aim of the SHARE initiative is to improve and standardize care for paediatric patients with rheumatic diseases across Europe. Therefore, recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of JIA-associated uveitis have been formulated based on the evidence and agreement of leading European experts in this field.
Revival of the resource potential of cattle breeding as a factor in the development of competitiveness of enterprises of the dairy product subcomplex of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine
Authors: Yemtsev Viktor , Slobodyanyuk Natalia
Published: December 2021

Permanent crises in the Ukrainian economy, the devaluation of the hryvnia, the decline in incomes of the population and its purchasing power, increased competition on the world market, and the constant increase in world prices for food and non-food products created new realities of functioning of enterprises of the dairy sub-complex of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine and led to its transformation. Therefore, the study of the reasons for the existence of these trends is very relevant. The purpose of the study is to assess the current state of the sub-complex and the development of practical recommendations for improving the efficiency of its functioning. The performed study was based on the use of methods: qualitative analysis and synthesis, economicstatistical analysis, comparisons, analytical and logical generalisations, etc. At the beginning of 2021, the total number of cattle in Ukraine was 2.874 million heads and over the past 10 years decreased by 1.952 million heads, including cows by 0.958 million heads. Milk production remains small-scale. In 2020, 9.263 million tonnes of milk were produced (17.66% less than in 2010). A substantial reduction in the volume of milk supplies for processing led to a reduction in the number of processing enterprises in 2020 by 69.14% compared to 1990. The main factors of transformation of the dairy sub-complex in Ukraine include: reduction of the number of cows, insufficient quantity of high-quality dairy raw product and their non-compliance with the regulations and standards of the European Union, low technological level of milk production, insufficient control over the quality of raw product, lack of modern equipment, high capital and labour intensity of production processes, rising prices for energy and other resources, reduced consumption of dairy products due to low purchasing power, increased competition in the world and internal markets of dairy products, etc. The conducted research should help to solve and highlight the main functional problems of milk processing enterprises that operate in the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine, the results of the above-mentioned studies can be useful and relevant for the revival of dairy cattle breeding in the post-war period
Influence of marinade based on vegetable oil blends on the structuralmechanical parameters of natural marinated meat semi-finished products
Authors: Shtonda Oksana , Semeniuk Kateryna , Kulyk Viktoriia
Published: December 2021

Marinades based on vegetable oil blends for the production of natural marinated meat semi-finished products substantially affect the rheological and structural-mechanical parameters of the product. They determine the plasticity and consistency of semi-finished products made from raw materials of grades 1 and 2. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to develop recipes for marinades and establish the effect of marinade based on blends of vegetable oils enriched with the enzyme bromelain on the structural and mechanical parameters of natural marinated meat semifinished products during storage. The research developed 8 samples of semi-finished products, namely: 4 samples using pork: 1 control sample without marinade and 3 samples with marinades based on vegetable oil blends; and 4 samples using beef: 1 control sample without marinade and 3 samples with marinades based on vegetable oil blends. In this regard, it was concluded that it is advisable to use blends of vegetable oils and enzymes in the marinade. An additional effect on natural marinated meat semi-finished products is the better organoleptic and structuralmechanical indicators in comparison with control samples. It was identified that the consistency of semi-finished beef products during the storage period becomes more tender compared to the control sample. It was proved that the plasticity of semi-finished pork products compared to the control sample decreased, which indicates an increase in meat hardness. The results of the study of the plasticity of marinated semi-finished products increased compared to the control sample, which indicates a decrease in meat hardness. The use of vegetable raw materials in the technology of natural marinated meat semi-finished products allows using meat raw materials of grades 1 and 2 and getting a tender, juicy, easily digestible product at the output
Visões do vírus
Authors: Arruda Renê , Queiroz Bernardo , R. Silva Thiago
Published: December 2021

A chegada da pandemia de COVID-19 no início de 2020 criou a necessidade de medidas de proteção para frear a doença. Estas medidas, em especial o isolamento social, contribuíram para que o digital passasse a ser a mediação padrão para grande parte das relações humanas. A intensificação da comunicação e sociabilidade por meios digitais intensificou macroprocessos sociais que já estavam em andamento, como a midiatização, “appficação”, migração do trabalho para as residências (home office), coleta massiva de dados para análise e classificação de pessoas com objetivos comerciais, dentre outros.

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar alguns dos fenômenos emergentes das interações através de meios de comunicação digitais no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19 a partir de três eixos distintos: vigilância e dataficação; diferenças entre comunicação mediada digitalmente em relação a comunicação presencial; construção de narrativas.
Source Credibility in Environmental Reporting of Two Different Media Landscapes
Authors: Dar Atiya , Ghafar Majid ul , Niaz Rabail
Published: December 2021

This research attempts to understand environmental communication taking place in countries with different political, socio-cultural contexts and organizational media levels. In this regard, the research's focuses on Pakistani and British print media systems, which have different organizational systems and contexts. Therefore, it is worth analyzing whether these organizational differences affect the way their news content in relation to the environment is being produced, with emphasis on the credibility of sources. A quantitative content analysis of two Pakistani and two British newspapers was conducted from the previous one decade through January 2007 to December 2016 by using a sample of 5315 environmental news stories published in four publications concerning from each country such as Dawn and Nation from Pakistan, whereas Telegraph and Guardian have chosen from the UK. The Significance of this quantitative study is based on the theoretical approach of agenda-setting and media source credibility. Assuredly, environmental reporting of Pakistani and British print media diverges in the context of source preferences in agenda-setting and media source credibility capacity. Subsequently, dominantly quoted news sources of environmental issues in Pakistani and British print media depict the environmental agenda of each country.
Gender-Based Analysis of Locus of Control among	University Teachers
Authors: Ayesha Benazir , Zamir Shazia
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the gender difference with the locus of control among university teachers. The major objective of this research was to explore gender-based analysis among university teachers regarding the locus of control. All public sector university teachers of Islamabad were the population of this study. A simple random sampling technique was applied in order to select a representative sample from the population. The study sample consisted of 100 teachers (51 males and 49 females) from 5 public sector universities. The researcher developed locus of control instrument consisting of twenty-seven items. For data tabulation and analysis, appropriate statistical tools were used. The analysis of data showed that there was a significant difference exist between locus of control and gender. It may be recommended that awareness programs of internal locus of control should be conducted by the higher authorities in the universities for female educators.
Proactive Role of Public Prosecutors in the Administration of Criminal Justice: A Way Forward for Pakistan
Authors: Kasuri Muhammad Ramzan , Mahmood Ata Ullah Khan , Ahmed Ghufran
Published: December 2021

The public prosecution service is an inevitable feature of the Criminal Justice System (CJS). A key position is assigned to the public prosecutor in the administration of the CJS, who exercises considerable powers and responsibilities, who acts with independence, impartiality, and integrity. In present era, neither the rule of law can be upheld, nor can the human rights be protected without effective role of prosecution services that has become one of the essential pillars of the CJS, an essential component of the Rule of Law,powerful center having a lot of authorities and center of attraction. The world is moving towards a prosecutorial justice system. With the help of comparative and qualitative research methodology, this article aimed to analyze the role and function of the public prosecutor in the CJS of different legal systems that enable us to revamp our system in the right direction for making it efficient expeditious, and cost-effective.
Doctrine of Just and Equitable Winding Up as Minority Shareholders’ Remedy in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Imtiaz Ahmed , Saleem Hafiz Abdul Rehman , Mukhtar Hamid
Published: December 2021

This article examines the doctrine of just and equitable winding as a minority shareholders' remedy in Pakistan. This is a residual remedy and developed with the passage of time for the protection of minority shareholders in the UK. The courts in the UK have established different views regarding circumstances in which remedy may be sought. In some cases, the court held that the jurisdiction of winding up is not different from unfair prejudice. Therefore, this article will further discuss the possibility of seeking remedy viz a viz other minority shareholders’ protection mechanism such as remedy against unfair prejudice.This article is based on qualitative research. The doctrinal and comparative research methods have been applied in the research. This article concludes that the remedy of winding up on just and equitable grounds may be effective only when the grounds for seeking remedy are wider than the unfair prejudice remedy
Socio-Economic Dimensions of China Pakistan Economic Corridor and Indian Reservations
Authors: Shoaib Muhammad , Jehan Noor , Zaman Qamar uz
Published: December 2021

China Pakistan Economic Corridor is a receptacle of territorial connectivity focusing on the significance of the geo strategic location of Pakistan. Pakistan and China have embarked on their best to implement the project to be triumphant in the concatenation of South Asia. The main bureaus that it encompasses are an integrated conveyance and I.T. network entailing Rail, Road, and data transmission channels, energy complicity, agrarian enhancement, social and economic progress, tourism alliance, financial and human resource integration. The corridor had some complications while implementation, but it has substantiated to be a game-changer program.This study assists in assessing the momentum amassed by Pakistan and China in South Asia while elaborating the beneficiaries of the CPEC and the potential threats faced by the political adversaries of Pakistan, especially India, on the triumphant facets bestowed by CPEC. The research will entangle the analysis of the short and long-term prospects of CPEC.
The Effects of Massive Classes in the English Language Andragogy: A study at Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS) Bahawalpur
Authors: Khaliq Abdul , Iqbal Farzana , Ahmad Rasheed
Published: December 2021

The research investigates the impact of class size on English as second dialect andragogy in proper setup. The exploration was conducted at CUVAS Bahawalpur. For English language instructing, several BS classes are merged, which came about into an expansion in class size. It has impacted the nature of educating by virtue of a few issues looked at by instructors just as learners. A survey technique was applied to gather the information from 312 students (196 female and 116 male) on the educational, societal, and psychological factors that huge classes have on the English dialectal andragogy. Data were examined through SPSS. The findings of the study plainly show that enormous class sizes unfavorably affect the nature of teaching and learning. The study will be beneficial for teachers, students, and policymakers
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Hanif’s Red Birds
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ejaz , Shehzad Aamir , Roohi Shamaila
Published: December 2021

The present study endeavors to analyze the symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Muhammad Hanif’s Red Birds, focusing on the depiction of PTSD felt by major characters in then ovel. The psychological approach along with a descriptive qualitative method, has been used for evaluating the signs of PTSD in the backdrop of Raymond Benedict Flannery's theory. The significance of this study is to appraise the individuals about the hazardous outcomes of trauma. If trauma shows the symptoms of arousal, intrusive, and avoidance, the result is a post-traumatic stress disorder. Using this mechanism, the novel has been analyzed, and then the relevant data has been categorized according to the tenets of the theory. The study discovers the required symptoms of PTSD,i.e., intrusive, avoidance, and arousal, experienced by the characters. Mother Dear develops more intrusive symptoms as compared to arousal and avoidance symptoms, whereas arousal symptoms are more influenced by Momo.
Kohezija u pripovjednom diskursu osoba s afazijom
Authors: Jozipović Marija , Hržica Gordana , Košutar Sara
Published: December 2021

Afazija je stečeni jezični
poremećaj koji nastaje uslijed oštećenja jezičnih centara u mozgu. Posljedično
afazija pogađa jezičnu proizvodnju i razumijevanje na svim razinama. U novije
vrijeme sve je veći interes za analizu načina na koji osobe s afazijom (OSA)
organiziraju više jezične razine kao što je diskurs. Proizvodnja diskursa
podrazumijeva sposobnost uspostavljanja veza uporabom kohezivnih sredstava.
Poznato je da OSA imaju teškoća u uspostavljanju kohezije, no ta su
istraživanja malobrojna, osobito u hrvatskom. Uz to su dobiveni proturječni
rezultati o udjelima pojedinih vrsta kohezivnih sredstava koje OSA rabe u
usporedbi s osobama urednoga jezičnog statusa (UJS). U dijelu istraživanja
pronađeni su slični udjeli pojedinih vrsta kohezivnih sredstava kod OSA i UJS,
dok druga istraživanja pokazuju kako između njih ipak postoje razlike. Ovim se
istraživanjem htjelo utvrditi postoje li razlike u broju i vrstama kohezivnih
sredstava u diskursu OSA i UJS. Dodatno su ispitane vrste pogrešaka koje pri
uporabi kohezivnih sredstava čine OSA i UJS. Za istraživanje su izdvojeni
pripovjedni uzorci OSA (n = 17) i UJS (n = 17) izjednačenih prema
dobi i spolu. Analizirane su leksička, referencijalna (isključivo lične
zamjenice) i konjunktivna kohezija. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da unatoč
stanovitim odstupanjima u uspostavljanju kohezije, OSA rabe sve vrste
kohezivnih sredstava, ali u manjem omjeru. Uz to OSA ne samo da češće griješe
pri uporabi kohezivnih sredstava već je priroda tih pogrešaka drugačija.
Međutim, nisu pronađene razlike u udjelima vrsta kohezivnih sredstava u
diskursu OSA i UJS, što govori u prilog istraživanjima koja
tvrde da teškoće osoba s afazijom mogu smanjiti koheziju teksta, ali je ne
narušavaju u potpunosti.
Suzbijanje pjegavosti šećerne repe – primjer iz prakse
Authors: Varga Ivana , Hanžek Danijela , Zebec Vladimir , Antunović Manda
Published: December 2021

Cilj ovog rada bio je analizirati provedenu zaštitu u suzbijanju pjegavosti lista šećerne repe (Cercospora beticola Sacc.) te prikazati ostvaren prinos i kvalitetu šećerne repe u petogodišnjem razdoblju (2016. – 2020.). U analiziranom razdoblju prvo tretiranje fungicidom provodilo se zbog prevencije već u prvoj ili drugoj dekadi lipnja. Ovisno o vegetacijskoj sezoni, zaštita je provedena u 4 (2016. – 2018.) ili 5 navrata (2019. i 2020.). Razmak između tretiranja je bio između 14 i 20 dana. Zadnje tretiranje provelo se krajem prve dekade kolovoza. U svakom tretiranju fungicidima korištena je kombinacija organskih sistemičnih fungicida i sredstava na bazi bakra (bakreni oksiklorid) što se pokazalo uspješnim u očuvanju lisne rozete. Prinos korijena šećerne repe iznosio je prosječno 74,4 t/ha, a sadržaj šećera u korijenu 15,86%. Najveći prinos korijena bio je 2016. godine (80,8 t/ha), kada je zaštita od gljivice Cercospora beticola bila provedena u 4 navrata. Najmanji prinos i sadržaj šećera ostvaren je 2019. godine, (65,2 t/ha i 12,24%), jer je nakon tuče u srpnju šećerna repa retrovegetirala.
Glodavci u skladištima poljoprivrednih proizvoda – štetnost i suzbijanje
Authors: Grubišić Dinka , Curiš Maria , Sever Viktorija , Šurlog Maja , Brmež Mirjana , Juran Ivan
Published: December 2021

Glodavci su važni štetnici uskladištenih poljoprivrednih proizvoda. Uz zadovoljenje osnovnih prehrambenih potreba, štetne vrste u skladištima nalaze povoljne uvjete za razvoj i razmnožavanje te zaštitu od prirodnih neprijatelja. Najštetnije vrste glodavaca u skladištima Republike Hrvatske jesu štakori vrsta Rattus norvegicus i Rattus rattus te domaći miš Mus musculus. Osim što se hrane uskladištenim proizvodima, rasipaju ih, onečišćuju urinom, izmetom, dlakom i slinom, navedene vrste rezervoari su zoonozama koje utječu na zdravlje ljudi, te domaćih i divljih životinja. U Republici Hrvatskoj u populacijama sitnih glodavaca dokazani su uzročnici Lajmske borelioza, trihineloze, leptospiroze, Q groznice i hemoragijske vrućice s bubrežnim sindromom. Utvrđene su i višestruke infekcije glodavaca uzročnicima zoonoza. Redovito praćenje brojnosti glodavaca važno je u svrhu pravovremenog suzbijanja te smanjenja materijalnih gubitaka, ali i u svrhu sprječavanja pojave epidemija zoonoza. Uz preventivne mjere koje podrazumijevaju održavanje higijene prostora te održavanje infrastrukture, čime sprječavamo privlačenje i nastanjivanje glodavaca u skladištima, provodi se i kontinuirana deratizacija koja uključuje primjenu mehaničkih, fizikalnih i kemijskih mjera zaštite.
Про розрахунок температури самозігрівання сировини в циліндричних ємностях
Authors: Ольшанський Василь , Харченко Сергій , Сліпченко Максим , Ковалишин Степан , Мазурак Михайло
Published: December 2021

Розглянуто температурне поле органічної сировини в циліндричному силосі за наявності в ньому стрижньового осередку самозігрівання кругового поперечного перерізу. Аналітичний розв’язок нестаціонарної задачі теплопровідності виражено рядом Фур’є-Бесселя, при різних варіантах розподілу термоджерел в осередку самозігрівання. Показано, що рівномірний розподіл (однорідний осередок) дає найбільш швидкий приріст температури. Проаналізовано збіжність ряду, яким описано температурне поле. Встановлено, що збіжність поліпшується з плином часу, але вона дуже повільна на початку процесу самозігрівання. Запропоновано спосіб прискорення збіжності розв’язків задачі для окремих варіантів розподілу термоджерел. Побудовано графіки для ідентифікації радіуса осередку й подальшого визначення інтенсивності теплоджерел у ньому, при трьох варіантах їх розподілу. Ідентифікація ґрунтується на експериментальному вимірюванні приросту температур у центрі осередку за вибраний час. Це обмежує можливості методу, бо при великих розмірах осередку приріст температури в його центрі стає лінійним, як у необмеженому тілі з рівномірним розподілом термоджерел. Тому побудовані графіки втрачають сепарабельність великих розмірів осередку. Наведено приклади ідентифікації з використанням графіків. Показана можливість розрахункового прогнозу розвитку температури самозігрівання після проведення ідентифікації. Одержаний аналітичний розв’язок нестаціонарної задачі теплопровідності в поєднанні з експериментальним вимірюванням температури в центрі осередку самозігрівання дає змогу визначити параметри внутрішнього локалізованого термоджерела й провести прогноз розвитку температури самозігрівання.
Удосконалення методу динамічної маршрутизації з часовими вікнами автомобільних перевезень сільськогосподарської продукції
Authors: Оліскевич Мирослав , Мастикаш Олександр , Ценюх Ярослав
Published: December 2021

Стаття присвячена вдосконаленню методу динамічної маршрутизації автомобільних перевезень транспортних засобів. Розглядається дрібногуртова доставка на кільцевих маршрутах магістральної транспортної мережі вантажів, які швидко псуються. Головним критерієм якості перевезення обрано мінімальну гарантовану тривалість доставки вантажів з усієї сукупності замовлень на перевезення. Обмеження стосуються горизонту прогнозування, а також часових вікон на доставку вантажів. Іншим обмеженням є інтенсивність використання автомобільних транспортних засобів. Поставлено вимогу залучення мінімальної кількості автомобільних транспортних засобів із наявних. Зроблено огляд та аналіз відомих методів динамічної маршрутизації, який показав, що при зростанні кількості замовлень, особливо незапланованих, вони стають неефективними за якістю результатів. З’ясовано, що застосування попередньої класифікації є способом, який покращує результат маршрутизації. У цій роботі як класифікаційну ознаку використано сумісність окремих операцій транспортного процесу, які виконуються послідовно, в єдиному потоці. Кожна з таких операцій стосується доставки дрібногуртових вантажів за одним замовленням. Попередня класифікація замовлень на перевезення дає змогу сформувати з них оптимальні кільцеві розвізні або збірні маршрути. Крім того, для планування доставки на кільцевих маршрутах вантажів, які швидко псуються, було вперше застосовано складання розкладу виконання транспортних операцій. Для цього розглядались часові зв’язки, які виникають між кожною парою заданих замовлень на перевезення. На основі вивчених зв’язків побудовано модель у вигляді орієнтованого графа. Впорядкування такого графа дає змогу розробити активний, найменш тривалий розклад виконання транспортного процесу. Такий метод дає змогу застосувати лінійне програмування при пошуку оптимального розкладу та метод гілок і меж при маршрутизації. Динамічні зміни дорожніх і транспортних умов не погіршують якості попередньо виконаної маршрутизації. Було виконано апробацію методики на тестових вхідних даних. Порівняння результатів, отриманих за запропонованим методом і відомим методом границь і меж, показав покращання щонайменше на 11 % показників якості розроблених маршрутів і розкладів.
Дослідження взаємозв’язку між емісією фотонів електростимульованого насіння озимого ріпаку та його посівними якостями
Authors: Ковалишин Степан , Нестер Богдан , Пташник Вадим , Швець Олексій , Келбаса Павел , Мернік Анна , Сало Ярослав
Published: December 2021

Стаття присвячена підвищенню посівних та врожайних якостей насіннєвого матеріалу озимого ріпаку завдяки його передпосівній стимуляції в електричному полі коронного розряду.

Для розкриття причинно-наслідкового зв’язку між режимами передпосівної обробки насіння та його посівними і врожайними якостями, оптимізації параметрів обробки та розширення знань про механізм перебігу біологічних процесів у простимульованому насінні запропоновано використати методи фотолюмінесценції та час-корельованого підрахунку одиничних фотонів TCSPC, які випромінює оброблене насіння у видимому діапазоні спектра.

У результаті проведених досліджень встановлено, що поглинання та перетворення енергії зовнішнього електричного поля під час електростимуляції насіння відбувається нелінійно. Основні перетворення відбуваються впродовж перших 15 с незалежно від напруженості електричного поля. Виявлено релаксаційні процеси, які набувають домінуючого характеру після 15 с електростимуляції.

Доведено, що передпосівна електростимуляція призвела до покращання посівних властивостей насіння озимого ріпаку. Отримані результати корелюються з результатами емісії фотонів, які випромінює оброблене насіння. Найвищі значення енергії проростання та лабораторної схожості, які становили 87 та 96 %, що відповідно на 9 і 8 % перевищили контроль, отримано за режиму обробки Е = 2 кВ/см, t = 30 с. За цього режиму обробки спостерігалося максимальне підвищення наднизької емісії фотонів порівняно з контрольним зразком – 287 проти 125. На підставі цього можна зробити попередні висновки, що найефективнішим режимом обробки посівного матеріалу можна вважати той, за якого емісія випромінюваних ним одиничних фотонів є найбільшою.
Stereotyp mowy Ukraińca w świetle historii mówionej (na podstawie chrestomatii "Hołosy z Pidlaszszia i Hołosy z Berestejszczyny" Hryhorija Arkuszyna)
Authors: Czyżewski Feliks
Published: December 2021

W artykule przedstawiono, z wykorzystaniem metody socjolingwistycznej, obraz świadomości językowej ukraińskojęzycznych wspólnot zamieszkujących Podlasie południowe i Polesie białoruskie. Wskazano, wyzyskując wypowiedzi respondentów zawarte w dwóch tomach chrestomatii, na cechy zarówno łączące te dwie grupy użytkowników gwary ukraińskiej, jak i odróżniające oraz wyodrębniające je. Do elementów wspólnych tkwiących w świadomości lokalnych grup, a wynikających z doświadczeń historycznych respondentów, należą odniesienia do czasów II Rzeczypospolitej. Są to: wspólne terytorium państwowe i złożone relacje językowe oraz konfesyjne (por. „mowa prawosławna”). Inną cechą łączącą, jak pokazano w przywołanych wypowiedziach respondentów ukraińskojęzycznych, jest podobna sytuacja komunikatywna. Wspólnoty lokalne na Podlasiu południowym, podobnie jak na Polesiu białoruskim, funkcjonują w warunkach bilingwizmu (niekiedy nawet w warunkach wielojęzyczności). W artykule przedstawiono sytuacje „przełączania kodu językowego”. Opisano je z perspektywy socjolingwistycznej, uwzględniając m.in. kryteria wieku i wykształcenia respondenta. Odrębnym i ważnym zagadnieniem – w świetle wypowiedzi respondentów – jest obserwacja świadomości językowej wspólnot usytuowanych poza granicami państwowymi w zakresie powiązań genetycznych gwary z językiem ogólnonarodowym. Poddane analizie wypowiedzi respondentów reprezentujących wspólnoty ukraińskojęzyczne w Polsce i na Białorusi pokazują zróżnicowany stan świadomości językowej owych społeczności. Jedni (nieliczni) wiążą język ze świadomością narodową, inni pojmują język jako wyznacznik identyfikacji ze wspólnotą lokalną. W artykule przywołano wypowiedzi respondentów uzasadniające zróżnicowanie stanu świadomości wspólnot ukraińskojęzycznych. Są to m.in.: wiek, wykształcenie, stopień mobilności użytkowników języka i zdolność jego obserwacji.
Analytical review of models and methods for automatic recognition of gestures and sign languages
Authors: Ryumin Dmitry , Kagirov Ildar , Axyonov Alexander , Karpov Alexey
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Currently, the recognition of gestures and sign languages is one of the most intensively developing areas in computer vision and applied linguistics. The results of current investigations are applied in a wide range of areas, from sign language translation to gesture-based interfaces. In that regard, various systems and methods for the analysis of gestural data are being developed. Purpose: A detailed review of methods and a comparative analysis of current approaches in automatic recognition of gestures and sign languages. Results: The main gesture recognition problems are the following: detection of articulators (mainly hands), pose estimation and segmentation of gestures in the flow of speech. The authors conclude that the use of two-stream convolutional and recurrent neural network architectures is generally promising for efficient extraction and processing of spatial and temporal features, thus solving the problem of dynamic gestures and coarticulations. This solution, however, heavily depends on the quality and availability of data sets. Practical relevance: This review can be considered a contribution to the study of rapidly developing sign language recognition, irrespective to particular natural sign languages. The results of the work can be used in the development of software systems for automatic gesture and sign language recognition.
Formation of the early Church (beginning from the appointment of the first deacons to the end of the apostolic period)
Authors: Сидоров Алексей Иванович
Published: December 2021

Публикация представляет собой продолжение очерка по истории становления первохристианской Церкви. Исследование основано на свидетельствах первоисточников и привлечении широкого спектра мнений отечественных и зарубежных специалистов по истории Древней Церкви. События проповеднической деятельности апостола Павла, возникновение разногласий в первохристианской общине и последовавший за ними Апостольской Собор, который утвердил необязательность соблюдения ветхозаветных постановлений, рассматриваются в контексте появления в среде первых христиан так называемых «эллинистов». Последние вывели проповедь Евангелия за пределы Палестины, а апостол Павел и его сподвижники основали христианские Церкви во многих частях «ойкумены». Кроме того, повествуется о кончине святого Иакова Праведного и судьбе Иерусалимской Церкви, деятельности апостола Петра и Иоанна, как и прочих апостолов, вплоть до завершения апостольского периода в истории древней Церкви.

This publication is a continuation of the essay on the history of the formation of the early Christian Church, based on first-hand evidence and engaging a wide range of views of domestic and foreign researchers of early Church history. Both the results of Paul’s preaching, the emergence of differences among early Christians, and the subsequent Apostolic Council, which approved some sort of compliance with the regulations of the Old Testament, are all considered in the context of the emergence among early Christians of the so-called «Hellenists», who brought the preaching of the Gospel beyond Palestine, while Paul and his associates founded Christian communities in many parts of the «Oecumene». Moreover, the article tells the story of the death of St. James the Just, and the fate of the Church of Jerusalem. It describes the activities of Apostle Peter and John, as well as the other apostles, up until the end of the apostolic period in the history of the ancient Church.
Anthropological basis of the teaching on the word (λόγος) according to Gregory of Nyssa
Authors: Дьяченко Г. В.
Published: December 2021

Данное исследование призвано систематизировать учение свт. Григория Нисского о слове (λόγος) в аспекте антропологических его оснований. В статье рассмотрены особенности природы человека, лежащие в основе словесной деятельности. Наличие слова у человека, согласно свт. Григорию, оказывается обусловленным присутствием в нем богообразного ума, чувствующего естества души и вещественного тела. Слово, в представлении святителя, выступает одним из способов проявления ума вовне посредством органов тела и в этом качестве предстает одной из разновидностей примышления (ἐπίνοια). Работа выявляет комплексный и фундаментальный характер теории слова свт. Григория Нисского, которая имеет важное значение не только для языковедческих наук, но и для наук гуманитарного цикла.

The present research paper attempts to envisage a system of St. Gregory’s teachingon the word (λόγος) from the point of view of its anthropological basis. Thearticle explores the particulars of man’s nature, which lie at the base of his literarywork. The fact that man has the word, according to St. Gregory, is explained by theexistence in him of a Godlike mind, a sensitive soul and a material body. The word,as St. Gregory sees it, acts as one of the means by which the mind expresses itselfto the outside through the organs and members of the body and in this quality isperceived as a species of ἐπίνοια. The work looks at the complex and fundamentalcharacter of the theory of the word of St. Gregory, which is important not only forphilological disciplines, but also for the humanities.
The Specifics of the Christology of the Jehovah’s Witnesses Sect
Authors: Дьячков Герасим
Published: December 2021

Следуя по пути, проторенному святыми отцами, «богословски философствуя», автор анализирует основные положения христологии секты «Свидетелей Иеговы», опровергая их истинами православного учения о Христе, сформулированного святыми отцами и выраженного в догмате IV Вселенского Собора. Для иеговистов, ложно мудрствующих о Христе, оказывается неприемлемой также тайна Святой Троицы, открывающаяся лишь в Церкви Христовой. Автор останавливается на защите православной триадологии от их нападок, подвергает богословко-филологическому анализу именование Бога «Иеговой». Для «Свидетелей Иеговы» Христос - не Бог, а человек - посредник между Богом и «свидетелями», то есть членами секты, в установлении теократического царства, прообразом которого было земное царство израильское. По сути проповедь иеговистов оказывается проповедью атеизма, ибо, по их учению, Бог не спасает, а спасение - только в человеке Иисусе. Христология иеговистов примитивна, их аргументы лишены богословской глубины, тем не менее, проблема защиты христологического догмата Халкидонского Собора от нападок иеговистов и всех отрицающих тайну Пресвятой Троицы и Боговоплощения актуальна во все времена, поскольку речь идет не только об опровержении их заблуждений, но, главным образом, об утверждении жизненно важного сотериологического тезиса: Бог вочеловечился, чтобы человек обожился.

Following the path trodden by the holy fathers, “philosophizing theologically,” the author analyzes the main provisions of the Christology of the Jehovah's Witnesses sect, refuting them with the truths of the Orthodox teaching about Christ formulated by the holy fathers and expressed in the dogma of the IV Ecumenical Council. For Jehovah's Witnesses, who falsely speculate about Christ, the mystery of the Holy Trinity, which is revealed only in the Church of Christ, is also unacceptable. The author dwells on the defense of Orthodox triadology from their attacks, subjects the naming of God "Jehovah" to a theological and philological analysis. For Jehovah's Witnesses, Christ is not God, but man - the mediator between God and the “witnesses,” that is, members of the sect, in the establishment of the theocratic kingdom, the prototype of which was the earthly kingdom of Israel. In fact, the preaching of Jehovah's Witnesses turns out to be the preaching of atheism, for, according to their teaching, God does not save, and salvation is only in the man Jesus. The Christology of Jehovists is primitive, their arguments are devoid of theological depth, nevertheless, the problem of protecting the Christological dogma of the Council of Chalcedon from the attacks of Jehovists and all those who deny the mystery of the Holy Trinity and the Incarnation is relevant at all times, since it is not only about refuting their delusions, but mainly , on the statement of a vital soteriological thesis: God became human so that man might be deified.
The “Znamenny Life” as a Condtion For Learning the Orthodox Chant(to the 25th Anniversary of Publishing the Monograph by Archpriest B. Nikolaev)
Authors: Пантелеева Татьяна Владимировна
Published: December 2021

Исследование протоиерея Бориса Николаева «Знаменный распев и крюковая нотация как основы русского православного церковного пения», изданная в России в 1995 году, представляет не только научный интерес, но и практический. Круг затронутых в монографии вопросов выходит за рамки заявленной темы, охватывая многие аспекты богослужебного пения, включая методологию его исследования. В постижении сути церковных песнопений прот. Б. Николаев предлагает обратиться к «музыкальной философии» всего корпуса древних распевов, а в качестве основного метода научного исследования исходить из арсенала не музыкально-теоретической или историко- археологической науки, а богословской, рассматривая богослужебное пение как неотъемлемую составляющую церковной службы. Проблема проникновения в глубинные смыслы богослужебного пения остро стоит перед современным обществом, которая снимается, по убеждению прот. Бориса, только через личное нравственное совершенствование каждого из его членов. Вместе с тем, и само обращение к древним распевам способствует очищению и преображению души.

The study of Archpriest Boris Nikolaev “The Znamenny Chant and Hooked Notation as the Basis of Russian Orthodox Church Singing," published in Russia in 1995, presents not only scientific but also practical interest. The range of issues raised in the monograph goes beyond the stated topic, covering many aspects of liturgy, including the study methodology. In the attempt to comprehend the essence of the church chant, Archpriest B. Nikolaev suggests turning to the "musical philosophy" of the entire corps of ancient chants, and proposes, as the main method of scientific research, to proceed from the theological nature of church service, without confining the study to musical-theoretical or historical-archaeological disciplines. The problem of understanding the profound meaning of liturgical singing is an urgent one for the modern society, and according to according to Archpriest Boris Nikolaev it may find its resolution only through the personal moral development of each society member. Meanwhile the very appeal to the ancient chants contributes to the spiritual purification and transformation.