bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Composing the technology of students� self-monitoring in extracurricular activities under FSES PGE
Authors: �������  , Ivanova Irina
Published: February 2015

Article has actual scientific issues associated with the detection capabilities of technology monitoring self-identity in the context of quality management

of modern education. The article raises the question of design, implementation and monitoring technology sense of self-development of younger

schoolboys in the development of GEF primary education in extracurricular activities, the methodology and technology tools for its implementation.

The proposed self-monitoring technology students in extracurricular activities under the GEF primary education takes into account the requirements

of the Government of the Russian Federation "On the implementation of the monitoring system of education" and the requirements for the results of

development of the basic educational program of primary education, as reflected in the standards.

In the construction of monitoring technology self-development of students in extracurricular activities is reflected not only the elements of the external,

but internal components of the evaluation of the quality of education, not only standardized procedures (tests, the test work, etc.), but also new methods

of assessment that reflect personal achievement and personal growth of the child.

The article demonstrates in detail the sequence of technological development of self-monitoring technology in children´s extracurricular activities,

spelled out the procedural part of the study. The author suggests a diagnostic toolkit self-development of students for various educational programs;

authoring: route book pupil, which made monitoring data and recommendations are fixed educator and psychologist; student book "I Know thyself", its

analysis will allow psychologists and educators to make the route of individual self-development of the child. Their use in the practice of the educational

process will produce trending self-identity of the student and to determine effective means to ensure that emphasizes the importance of the results

obtained in relation to each child.

The implementation of self-monitoring technology students in extracurricular activities under the GEF implementing primary education will improve the

quality of students´ extracurricular activities, as well as provide the ability to control the process of self-development based on analysis of data obtained

from monitoring.

The developed technology has found its application in the educational space of non-formal education of the city of Kaluga and Kaluga region.

The article may be of interest to elementary school teachers, employees of additional education of children, psychologists, teaching staff of educational

organizations implementing self-monitoring of students.
The Polish Adaptation of the Public Speaking Anxiety Questionnaire
Authors: Chodkiewicz Jan , Miniszewska Joanna
Published: February 2015

Cel

Celem przeprowadzonych badań było dokonanie polskiej adaptacji skróconego Kwestionariusza Lęku przez Wystąpieniami Publicznymi GFER Spitznagla i współpracowników.

Metoda

Kwestionariusz GFER jest metodą samooceny składającą się z 16 twierdzeń i przeznaczoną do oceny emocji i reakcji fizjologicznych oraz myśli pojawiających się w sytuacji wystąpienia publicznego. Za pomocą Kwestionariusza GFER zbadano 320 studenów łódzkich uczelni (medycyny, prawa i psychologii). Zastosowano również Inwentarz Stanu i Cechy Lęku Spielbergera, Skalę Lęku i Depresji HADS Zigmunta i Snaitha oraz TCI Cloningera

Wyniki

Polska wersja Kwestionariusza GFER charakteryzuje się dobrymi właściwościami psychometrycznymi - jest narzędziem rzetelnym i trafnym. W wyniku przeprowadzonych analiz uzyskano 9-itemową wersję narzędzia o dwuczynnikowej strukturze - czynnik I to reakcje emocjonalne i fizjologiczne, czynnik II - zamartwianie się. Metoda wykazuje istotne statystycznie związki z poziomem lęku jako stanu i cechy oraz temperamentalnym wymiarem unikania szkody

Wnioski

Rezultat przeprowadzonych prac nad adaptacją Kwestionariusza GFER Spitznagla i współpracowników przemawia za rekomendowaniem metody do dalszych badań naukowych oraz zastosowania w praktyce terapeutycznej.
The role of a nurse specialist in a modern lung-cancer service
Authors: McPhillips Dympna , Evans Ruth , Ryan Daniel , Daneshvar Cyrus , Sarkar Saiyad A , Breen David
Published: February 2015

The delivery of a modern cancer service is dependent on the nurse specialist occupying a central role in the overall pathway. However, there are significant variations in the access to a lung cancer clinical nurse specialist (CNS) across the UK and the USA. In the UK, the lung cancer CNS plays a pivotal role in the delivery of high-quality care and treatment to patients with (presumed) thoracic malignancy. They are in an ideal position to provide holistic care to patients with lung cancer—ensuring that all needs are addressed from the time of initial referral to commencement of definitive treatment or palliative care. In addition the role provides support and advice to people on the increasingly complex treatment options and on survivorship, and plays an essential role in end-of-life care. In the USA, the nurse navigator is a core member of the lung cancer screening programme. In this review the authors provide a transatlantic perspective on the history, current practice and potential future roles for the lung cancer CNS in the UK and nurse navigator in the US.
Neovascularisation is not an Innocent Bystander in Recurrence after Great Saphenous Vein Surgery
Authors: Corbett CRR , Prakash V
Published: February 2015

Introduction

This study sought to establish the causes of failure of great saphenous vein surgery among patients in whom there was confidence that accurate saphenofemoral ligation had been carried and the great saphenous vein had been stripped at least to knee level.

Methods

This was an observational study of 100 limbs (66 patients) operated on by a single surgeon 5–22 years previously (mean: 12 years). The index operation was primary in 54 limbs and for recurrence in 46 limbs. Thirty-two patients were studied having been re-referred for recurrence while 34 were recalled for review. All were examined clinically and with duplex ultrasonography, and all completed questionnaires (Aberdeen varicose vein questionnaire [AVVQ] and EQ-5D-3L). In order to measure the extent of visible recurrence, a scoring system similar to that in the venous clinical severity score was used but with a range of 0–8.

Results

There were visible varicosities in 77 of the 100 limbs. Duplex ultrasonography showed that recurrent saphenofemoral incompetence (SFI) was present in 27% of the limbs. This was judged to result from neovascularisation and was the most common source of reflux. AVVQ scores for the 27 limbs with recurrent SFI (median: 34, interquartile range [IQR]: 20–42) were higher than for the 73 with no recurrent SFI (median: 17, IQR: 11–29), which was a significant difference (Mann–Whitney U test, p<0.01). Analysing clinical scores with chi-squared tests indicated fewer visible varicosities in limbs without recurrent SFI than in those with recurrent SFI (p<0.01).

Conclusions

Neovascularisation remains poorly understood but it cannot be considered an innocent bystander.
Ultra-Low Anterior Resection with Coloanal Anastomosis for Recurrent Rectal Prolapse in a Young Woman with Colitis Cystica Profunda
Authors: Lord A , Hompes R , Arnold S , Venkatasubramaniam A
Published: February 2015

This case demonstrates the successful treatment of a young female patient with colitis cystica profunda causing rectal prolapse, after primary treatment with a Delorme procedure had failed. An ultra-low anterior resection with a temporary defunctioning ileostomy was carried out with good postoperative results. This case illustrates the possibility of carrying out sphincter preserving surgery rather than an abdominoperineal resection in the treatment of this condition, which may be preferable for patients.
What are Journals for?
Authors: Rallison SP
Published: February 2015

‘The secret is comprised in three words – work, finish, publish.’

Michael Faraday

There are many reasons doctors want to publish their work. For most at an early stage in their career, this may be to add a line to their curriculum vitae and advance their careers but for academics, publishing is an expectation. Many will believe they have something important to say, and wish to provoke debate and discussion; others wish to share knowledge and experiences, which in medicine can lead to a satisfying change in clinical practice. All serve to register one’s idea and educate others. However, for some, the reason is as basic as money. As we celebrate the 350th anniversary of the first academic publication, perhaps we have come full circle when it comes to why people publish?

Publishing is a flourishing business. There were approximately 28,100 active scholarly peer-reviewed journals in mid-2012, collectively publishing about 1.8–1.9 million articles per year. The number of articles published each year and the number of journals have both grown steadily for more than two centuries, by about 3% and 3.5% per year respectively. 1

Journals have a responsibility to refine and define information and act as a scientific filter. Many of us will receive daily invitations in our email inbox from eclectic and new journals that are likely to take anything – is the filter now too porous? But this industry is like any other commercial activity and the supply still far outstrips the demand. Perhaps the internet revolution has merely fuelled our hunger to publish more?

The launch of this exciting and innovative series about publishing coincides with the 350th celebration of the publication of the first academic journal. In the age of social media, the first question is ‘What are journals for?’, which Simon Rallison sets out to answer. Simon is Director of Publications at the Physiological Society, and was previously a journal publisher with Earthscan, Springer and Blackwell.

Writing is hard work and, through this series, I hope the reader will get some useful insight into this service industry for academia.

Jyoti Shah

Commissioning Editor

Reference

1. Ware M, Mabe M. The STM Report. 3rd edn. The Hague: International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers; 2012.
Screening strangers in Fortress Europe and beyond
Authors: Loshitzky Yosefa
Published: February 2015

This article, responding to the current crisis of European cultural identity, goes beyond the specific national context of film production in Europe, and discusses how the issues of migration and diaspora are challenging the conflicting, and sometimes conflating, ideas of post-Europe, Fortress Europe, post-Holocaust Europe, New Europe, post-nation Europe and transnational Europe. It asks how the films dealing with migration and diaspora challenge European identity, particularly traditional notions of Europeanness, and how they subvert or/and reinforce hegemonic and counter-hegemonic attempts to construct and deconstruct European identity. Opening a cinematic window onto this struggle, the article determines cultural and political patterns in the representation and negotiation of European identity in several European films from the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, including Jasmin Dizdar’s Beautiful People (1999), Stephen Frears’s Dirty Pretty Things (2002), Mathieu Kassovitz’s La Haine (1995), and Michael Winterbottom’s In This World (2002), Code 46 (2003) and The Road to Guantanamo (2006).
Literature in the contact zone: Emily Apter’s ‘A new comparative literature’ and Achy Obejas’s ‘Sugarcane’
Authors: Cox Annabel
Published: February 2015

This article analyses the poem ‘Sugarcane’, by the Cuban American writer Achy Obejas, in reference to Emily Apter’s essay ‘A new comparative literature’. The connections between these two writings, including their links to certain aspects of Caribbean literary and cultural theory, are explored. The theoretical arguments of Edouard Glissant in particular are considered, Apter and Obejas being put into conversation with Glissant and other theorists such as E. K. Brathwaite in order to discuss the classification of Obejas’s text as a literature of the contact zone. As part of this classification, the ways in which Obejas’s poem elucidates Apter’s project of rupturing the links between language, nation and identity are examined.
Second-hand clothing commerce and the mobility cultural configuration: A journey to manhood
Authors: Castillo Rocío A.
Published: February 2015

Second-hand clothes, advertised as brand new commodities, sold in street markets or small shops are a common landscape of contemporary Dakar. After the economic crisis that has stricken Europe since 2008, and the implementation of FRONTEX, international migration from Senegal to Europe has declined and newer forms of mobility and motility have emerged. The sale of second-hand clothing from China, Europe and the United States seems to be the main resource for some young men trying to access the economic and social space of migrants, and this is a popular outlet on the path to becoming an active member of society by gaining the social and economic status of grown men. The motility of their merchandise through transnational spaces bestows upon these young traders an aura of motility, which increases their merchandise value and their own social status, blending them into the reality of returning migrants. The objective of this article is to open up a discussion about the close link between second-hand clothing commerce, migration and the experience of manhood in contemporary Senegal, taking a cultural approach. The focus of this research is the ways in which young men use the cultural frameworks of migration in the selling of second-hand clothing in order to gain the resources and the social status of men. This article adds to the growing academic research that studies migration not only as a space–time movement, but also as a cultural configuration involving interactions between the structures, contexts and actions of those who move, those who stay and those who receive migrants.
Reviews
Authors: Norman Kelsey P. , Marino Sara
Published: February 2015

Co-Ethnic Strangers: Immigrant Exclusion and Insecurity in Africa, Claire L. Adida (2014) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 188 pp. ISBN: 9781107047723, h/bk, £55.00

Migrant Memories. Cultural History, Cinema and the Italian Post-War Diaspora in Britain, Margherita Sprio (2013) New York and Oxford: Peter Lang, 290 pp. ISBN: 9783034309479, p/bk, £45.00
Fifty years later: A chance to get ESEA back on track
Authors: Bishop Joseph
Published: February 2015

Looking at the evolution of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) over the last 50 years, this paper argues that many of the racial, social, and economic inequities of 1965 that President Johnson was hoping to address have only been accelerated. It’s not only time for a modern rethink on educational equity, but also a much broader set of metrics for policymakers to consider for determining the progress of students, families, educators and school systems. Some of these indicators include equitable resources, multiple measures of inputs and outputs, professional competence, meaningful measures of success, responsive parental engagement and a system of shared responsibility inside and outside of schools to foster student learning.
Resource accountability: Enforcing state responsibilities for sufficient and equitable resources used effectively to provide all students a quality education
Authors: Sciarra David G. , Hunter Molly A.
Published: February 2015

Darling-Hammond, Wilhoit, and Pittenger (2014) addressed the need for states to align their accountability systems with new college- and career-ready learning standards. The authors recommended a new accountability paradigm that focuses on 1) meaningful learning, enabled by 2) professionally skilled and committed educators, and supported by 3) adequate and appropriate resources. This paper explicates the provision of adequate and appropriate resources, the third of these three pillars of a comprehensive approach to accountability. Adequate resources, effectively used, are prerequisites to building the capacity of schools to deliver the two other pillars, professionally skilled and committed educators and meaningful learning. Also, the effective use of public school funding is an oft-ignored but crucial step toward ensuring equal educational opportunity for all students.
Completed monochorionic triplets after fresh-cycle single embryo transfer
Authors: Bedell James Laurence , Stelling James
Published: February 2015

Single embryo transfer (SET) is the standard of care for in vitro fertilization procedures and is aimed at decreasing the rates of multiple gestations. We highlight a case report of a patient with monochorionic-triamniotic triplet gestations despite SET and discuss the necessity of counseling patients adequately prior to using assisted reproductive technology.
Optische Untersuchungen im Glimmlichtraum der Hochstromhohlkathode
Authors: Büger P . A. , Fink W.
Published: February 2015

Measurements in the negative glow of a high-current hollow cathode show that the glow is stratified. The intensities of the different layers vary with current density and gas pressure. Spectroscopic measurements indicate that molecular bands predominate at the edge of the glow while ionic lines occur mainly in the center.

It has been found that the cathode dark space length, d, decreases with increasing gas pressure, p, and current density, j, while a relationship between j/p2, d, and the cathode fall has been established.
Das Maxwellsche Feld und das Invariantensystem zweiter Ordnung im dreidimensionalen Riemannschen Raume positiv-definiter Metrik
Authors: Börner M.
Published: February 2015

Es wird gezeigt, daß die div-Relationen des Maxwellschen Feldes im Vakuum Folgen der Struk­tur des Kriimmungs- bzw. des Extensionstensors 4. Stufe im dreidimensionalen Riemannschen Raum mit positiv-definiter Metrik sind. Damit ist zusammen mit einer vorangehenden Arbeit 2 gezeigt, daß das gesamte Maxwellsche Feld im Vakuum eine Folge der Strukturmöglichkeiten des genannten metrischen Feldes ist, gekennzeichnet durch die lokale orthogonale Invariante l2
(2) ≠ 0. Es ergeben sich Einschränkungen für die Gültigkeit Lorentz-invarianter Gleichungen.

Darüber hinaus ist nunmehr erklärt, auf welche Weise der leere euklidische Raum, wie bei der Erledigung des Ätherproblems durch die spezielle Relativitätstheorie postuliert, zum Träger elektro­magnetischer Felder wird.
Tritium and Argon-39 in Stone and Iron Meteorites
Authors: Charalambus St. , Goebel K. , Stötzel-Riezler W.
Published: February 2015

Tritium and argon-39 measurements of stone and iron meteorites are reported and discussed. The tritium values of stone meteorites are in general higher than those found in other laboratories. The tritium decay rates in irons were low but a relatively high tritium value was measured in the rim of the meteorites. Factors which may influence the production rates are discussed and it is concluded that the average cosmic-ray flux which irradiated the meteorites must be at least a factor of two higher than the values reported by MacDonald for the cosmic-ray intensity at the top of the earth atmosphere.
Zum Phosphoreszenz- und Fluoreszenzverhalten von N-Aryl-carbazolen
Authors: Zander M.
Published: February 2015

Am N -(9-phenanthryl)-carbazol (II) und dem Maleinsäureanhydrid-Addukt III des Anthraceno- 2′.3′:2.3-carbazols wird intramolekulare Triplettenergieübertragung beobachtet (Donator: Carbazol- Kern: Akzeptor: Phenanthren- bzw. Naphthalin-Kern). - N-(α-Naphthyl)-carbazol (I) und II zeigen ein für diese Stoffklasse in bezug auf Lösungsmittel- und Temperaturabhängigkeit ungewöhnliches Fluoreszenzverhalten.
Blitzlichtuntersuchungen an organischen Farbstoff-Photohalbleitern
Authors: Meier Hans , Albrecht Wolfgang
Published: February 2015

Vorliegende Arbeit zeigt, daß das von Kepler und Le Blanc für Einkristalluntersudiungen ent­wickelte Impulsmeßverfahren, bei dem die durch einen Lichtblitz von etwa 1/2 Mikrosekunde Dauer ausgelöste Ladungsträgerwanderung oszillographisch registriert wird, auch für die Untersuchung von Farbstoff-Photoleitern geeignet ist.

Für undotierte und dotierte Farbstoffe verschiedener Klassen wurden mit dem Verfahren Drift­beweglichkeiten μ der Elektronen und Defektelektronen in der Größenordnung von 10-2 bis 1 [cm2/Vsec] bestimmt. Die an Phthalocyaninen gemessene Beweglichkeit μ > 1 [cm2/Vsec] und die bei Temperaturabnahme beobachtete Beweglichkeitszunahme bestätigten dabei die Anwendbar­keit des früher postulierten Energiebändermodells für die Beschreibung des Ladungsträgertrans­ports in Farbstoff-Photoleitern. Auch konnten ungelöste Probleme der organischen Halbleiter, wie die Frage der Ursache von n- und p-Leitung oder der Dotierung, mit Hilfe der Blitzlichtmethode einer Lösung nahegebracht werden.
Indirekte Bestimmung kurzer Relaxationszeiten von paramagnetischen Ionen in wäßriger Lösung
Authors: Glemser K. , Haeberlen U. , Hausser R.
Published: February 2015

The width of the first Hfs-line of the Mn++ EPR-spectrum in aqueous solutions with added diamagnetic and paramagnetic iron group or rare earth ions was measured at 3 cm wavelength and at 300 °K. The difference ΔHD in linewidth of Mn++ in the paramagnetic and diamagnetic salt solutions is ascribed to dipolar interaction between Mn++ and the other paramagnetic ions e. g. Co++ , Ni++ and Ce3+ . The relaxation times τs of these ions are too short for the EPR-spectrum to be detected in liquids. From the excess linewidth ΔHD relaxation times Ts for Co++ , Ni++ and Ce3+ are estimated which agree well with τs results from proton relaxation measurements in paramagnetic salt solutions.
Aktivitätskoeffizienten bei Elektrolytschmelzen mit mehreren Komponenten
Authors: Richter Joachim
Published: February 2015

Es wird eine Definition der Aktivitätskoeffizienten für binäre Elektrolytschmelzen aufgegriffen und so fortgeführt, daß man eine einzige Formel erhält, aus der man die Aktivitätskoeffizienten jeder beliebig zusammengesetzten Elektrolytschmelze ableiten kann. Für die Auswertung von EMK-Messungen findet man mit dieser Formel für den Logarithmus des Aktivitätskoeffizienten fk der Komponente k:

worin Φ die EMK der isotherm-isobaren reversiblen galvanischen Kette mit den betrachteten Komponenten und Φ0 die EMK der Kette mit der reinen Komponente k ist. q ergibt sich aus der in der Kette ablaufenden Reaktion; F ist die Faraday-, R die Gaskonstante, T die absolute Temperatur. Die ν und ϰ sind Zerfallszahlen und stöchiometrische Molenbrüche.

Es werden an Hand dieser Gleichung aus der Literatur experimentelle Werte der Aktivitätskoeffizienten ermittelt. Die bisher übliche Definition von anderen Aktivitätskoeffizienten wird kritisch untersucht.
Unitäre S-Matrix im Lee-Modell mit "Dipolgeist" und ein äquivalentes Modell
Authors: Karowski M.
Published: February 2015

The N-2θ-sector of the Lee-model is solved in the special case of the "dipol-ghost" , and a unitary S-matrix is constructed. A general instruction is presented to construct the physical subspace of the whole state space with indefinite metric. This method is always applicable, if there are couples of "good" and " bad" ghosts. Another model with positiv definite state space is described, which has the same S-matrix a s the Lee-model with "dipol-ghost'2 in the N-θ-and N-2θ-sector.
Anioneneinflüsse auf die Elektronenspinresonanz von Mangan(II)salzen in wäßriger Lösung
Authors: Nehmiz P. , Stockhausen M.
Published: February 2015

The mean esr linewidth of hfs components of aqueous mangenese salt solutions has been measured a t 9 GHz and room temperature from small to medium concentrations, also with added diamagnetic salts. In all cases the linewidth depends on the viscosity of the solutions. Further, already at very small concentrations a specific anion dependend line broadening has been observed, evidently resulting from ion pair formation. Roughly spoken, in the whole concentration range two anion families exist. Nitrate and halides show smaller line broadening, they form ion pairs with long lifetime. Sulfate, acetate and formiate show larger line broadening; they form ion pairs with short lifetime.
Das lichtelektrische Verhalten des Kaliums im festen und flüssigen Zustand
Authors: Lapp Otto , Neumann Kurt
Published: February 2015

Massive potassium -layers are deposited by evaporation in ultrahigh vacuum upon a glasssubstrate. The photoelectric sensitivity of these very pure layers, which are polycrystalline, liquid or monocrystalline (solidified from melt), is measured in the spectral range from 380 nm to the threshold wavelength. From this the work function is determined by the Fowler-theory. The adaptation of the experimental points to the theoretical Fowler-curve succeed also in the short wave region of the spectrum, if the photoelectric sensitivity is referred to the light energy absorbed within the exit dephts of photoelectrons. The Fowler equation is also available to the liquid phase. At the phase-change liquid-solid and solid (solidified)-liquid, respectively, no measurable alteration of the work function am ounting to 2.30 ± 0.02 eV occurs. A significantly higher work function of 2.39 ± 0.01 eV, however, is obtained on polycrystalline potassiumlayers. consisting of (110)-planes. The quantum yields and the quantity constant of about 2.3 · 10-11 electrons/(photon degree2) calculated from the Fowler-equation do not show any discontinuity at the melting point. Within the measuring accuracy they are also independent of the crystalline constitution of the potassium.
Strukturbestimmung des Cyclobutadien-eisentricarbonyls mit Hilfe der Elektronenbeugung an Gasen
Authors: Oberhammer H. , Brune H. A.
Published: February 2015

Abstract Mit Hilfe der Elektronenbeugung an Gasen wurde die Molekülstruktur des Cyclobutadieneisentricarbonyls bestimmt. Übereinstimmend mit NMR Messungen in Lösungen ergibt sich für den Cyclobutadienring eine quadratische Struktur. Die wichtigsten geometrischen Parameter sind:

CRing-CRing = 1,440 ± 0,007 Å , Fe-CRing = 2,053 0,004 Å, Fe-Ccarbonyl =

= 1,780 ± 0,004 Å, Ccarbonyl - O = 1,148 ± 0,004 Å,

∢ CcarbonylFeCcarbonyl = 98,1 0,8°.

Die Wasserstoffatome des Cyclobutadienringes sind um einen Winkel von 8,6 ± 6,3° zum Eisen hin geknickt.
Selection Rules for Rotor Transitions in Completely Asymmetric Molecules with Planar Top and Frame and a Twofold Barrier
Authors: Pedersen Thorvald , Larsen Xiels Wessel , Dreizler Helmut
Published: February 2015

In this contribution selection rules for rotation torsion transitions are considered for completely asymmetric molecules. Quade gave two descriptions of this type of molecules resulting in two different invariance groups of both Hamiltonians lead to indentical selection rules.
Fine Structure in Channeling Lines
Authors: Rogge M. , Dünnweber W. , Mayer-Böricke C.
Published: February 2015

It is shown by calculations (classical treatment) that fine structure is to be expected in angular distributions of channeled particles. This fine structure will be superimposed on the normal smooth channeling line profile. It is due to coherent channeling. It requires high angular resolution and thin single crystals of uniform thickness for experimental detection. The fine structure pattern is sensitive to the details of the crystal potential.
Die Diffusion von Mangan in flüssigem Kupfer
Authors: Frohberg Martin G. , Pötschke Jürgen
Published: February 2015

An flüssigen Kupfer-Mangan-Legierungen mit einem mittleren Gehalt von 2,44 [bzw. 5,1] Gew.-Proz. Mangan wurde bei 1110°, 1150° und 1250 °C der chemische Diffusionskoeffizient von Mangan bestimmt. Für die Legierung mit 2,44 Gew.- Proz. läßt sich der Diffusionskoeffizient durch die Gleichung

beschreiben. Die Legierung mit 5,1 Gew.-Proz. ergab bei 1150 °C einen Wert von D = 6,2 · 10-5 cm2/sec. Der Diffusionskoeffizient erweist sich als schwach konzentrationsabhängig.
Notizen:Die Ionisationsausbeute-Kurve von OH- asus Wasser
Authors: Doumont M. , Henglein A. , Jäger K.
Published: February 2015

Die Ionen H~ und 0~ sind bisher als einzige negative Bruchstücke beim Elektronenbeschuß von Wasser be­ obachtet worden. OH-fand man als sekundäres Pro­ dukt der Reaktion H" + H20 — > H2 + OH" 2. Bei Ver­ suchen mit einem CH4-Atlas-Massenspektrometer mit Fox-Ionenquelle ließ sich OH-als primäres Ion mit etwa 10-mal kleinerer Intensität als 0~ nachweisen. Abb. 1 und 2 zeigen die Ionisationsausbeutekurven beider Ionen. In Abb. 1 wird außerdem die Ausbeute­ kurve für SF6" aus SF6 gezeigt, um ein Maß für die Auflösung der Apparatur zu geben. Die Intensität aller Ionen war dem Gasdruck proportional. Die O'-Kurve stimmt mit der von anderen Autoren gemessenen hinsichtlich ihres allgemeinen Verlaufes überein. Das erste Auftrittspotential beträgt (6,4+ 0,1) eV. Dieser Wert liegt um 1,5 eV höher als von C o m p ­
Notizen:D2O-Dampfdrucke gesättigter Salzlösungen
Authors: Becker M. , Schälike W. , Zirwer D.
Published: February 2015

Für Untersuchungen in Atmosphären mit definierten D20-Gehalten benötigten wir Angaben über Dampf­ drücke gesättigter Salzlösungen in D20. Während für gesättigte Salzlösungen in H20 aus der Literatur viele Angaben zu entnehmen sind x, konnten wir für D20-Lösungen keine Daten finden. Wir haben daher mit einer manometrischen Me­ thode 2' 3 die Dampfdruckdifferenzen von gesättigten Salzlösungen in H20 und D20 zwischen -flO°C und + 40 °C gemessen. Die Differenzmethode bietet einer­ seits apparative Vorteile gegenüber einer direkten Dampfdruckbestimmung, andererseits benötigen wir für unsere spezielle Problemstellung die Dampfdruck­ differenzen mit möglichst großer Genauigkeit. Aus die­ sem Grunde wurden die absoluten Dampfdrücke für D20-Lösungen auf der Grundlage der Literaturwerte für gesättigte Lösungen in H20 beredinet. Die ge­ samte Apparatur befand sich in einem Thermostaten (±0,1 "C). Als Manometerfüllung diente Diffelen (Leybold). Die Lösungen wurden mit getrockneten und kristallwasserfreien Salzen (p. a.) angesetzt. Vor jeder Meßserie wurden Lösungen und Mano­ meterfüllung sorgfältig entgast sowie die gesamte Ap­ paratur ca. 15 min evakuiert. Mehrfache Kontrollmessungen bei allen Salzlösun­ gen ergaben, daß die Meßwerte innerhalb eines Berei­ ches von maximal ±0,05 Torr reproduzierbar waren. Torr
Notizen:Rotationsspektrum des Chloroforms in angeregten Schwingungszuständen
Authors: Goertz Adalbert
Published: February 2015

Anx and B12* = B12 B i, where Anx and Bt refer to the solvent medium, then after equating (8) and (9) the final Eq. (11) remains unchanged. d and y were calculated in the cases of benzene, naphthalene, phenanthrene and diphenyl using the experimental data6' 7 of Bx2 and n12 obtained in n-heptane solutions at various values of w2 . Since (9d is zero for non-polar molecules considered here 8, 0 P may easily be evaluated from (11). by is defined arbitrarily to be the principal polariza-bility perpendicular to the molecular plane. The elec­ trostatic polarizabilities aa, ap and a■ ■ are assumed to be the same as the electro-optical polarizabilities ba, bß and by 9. Thus, in (5) there remain three unknowns ba , bß and by to be determined and to calculate this unknowns, besides (5), two further equations are re­ quired. One further equation is supplied from (1). Intro­ ducing into this equation v2 = (N\ w2) / (M2 v12) and Eq. (10) for solutions restricted to low concentration one obtains ba + bß + by — 3 Mo vt nt 2 7i N \ (12)
A Class of E xact Solutions for the Vlasov-Turbulence
Authors: Gräff Pitter
Published: February 2015

The admissible closure conditions can be completely determined in the limit of vanishing cor­ relation length. In this case the Lundgren hierarchy can be solved, since this irregular state persists in the course of time. The electric field on the other hand loses its statistical character. - The results can be extended to examples of homogeneous turbulence with a finite correlation length.
Eine Berechnung mehrerer Zustände des Li2-Moleküls nach der Valenzbindungs-Vorstellung
Authors: Kockel B. , Grün N.
Published: February 2015

Für einige Terme des Li2-Moleküls werden Zustandsfunktionen und Energiewerte in Abhängig­ keit vom Kernabstand bestimmt. Die Funktionen werden zusammengesetzt aus Slater-Determinanten der Form | s0 s0' □ ·s0 s0' □ | , wobei in □ beliebige Funktionen aus den L-Schalen beider Li-Atome stehen.
Untersuchungen an Zinn Verbindungen XV.
Authors: Kriegsmann H. , Peuker Chr. , Heess R. , Geissler H.
Published: February 2015

Die Infrarot-(400-4000 cm-1) und Raman-Spektren der flüssigen bzw. gelösten Verbindungen C2H5SnCl3, (C2H5)2SnCl2 und (C2H5)3SnCl werden gemessen und Depolarisationsgrade der Raman-Linien bestimmt. Mit Hilfe einer Normalkoordinatenanalvse unter Zugrundelegung eines modifizierten Valenzkraftfeldes ist eine weitgehende Zuordnung der Spektren möglich.
Supralinear Current-Voltage-Dependence in Irradiated Fused Silica
Authors: Onnasch Dietrich
Published: February 2015

The measured field- and temperature-dependence of γ-ray induced current in synthetic fused silica is explained by a field dependent electron capture cross section. The comparison with a model gives a constant mobility within the region of 8 to 300 °K. With high electric fields the acousto-electric effect is observed.
Elastische und thermoelastische Konstanten des rhombischen α-Schwefels
Authors: Haussühl S.
Published: February 2015

The elastic and thermoelastic constants of α-sulphur are measured by the Schaefer-Bergman method. The magnitude of the elastic constants is slightly higher than in comparable organic molecular crystals. The elastic anisotropy and the anisotropy of thermal expansion obey the Grüneisen relation. The deviations from the Cauchy relations are all negative. This is usually only observed in crystals with covalent bind­ing components or with a highly anharmonic behaviour.
Notizen: Wirkungsquerschnitte für Gleichverteilung der 62P3/2-Zustände von Cäsium durch Stöße mit gesättigten Kohlenwasserstoffen
Authors: Fronimos N . , Fricke J. , Haas J.
Published: February 2015

Additional cross sections for collisionally induced mixing of the Cs-62P3/2 sublevels have been measured from optical pumping with σ+ D2-light. Using the model of a random re­orientation of the electronic angular momentum during the collision the derived cross sections are:

Cs-CH4 (206±40) Å2, Cs-C2H6 (303±60) Å2, Cs-C3H8 (370 ±70) Å2.

The existence of a selection rule mJ ﹘ /→ ﹘mJ would in­crease these values by a factor of 1.5.
Eine Lösungstheorie für das quantenmechanische Vier-Körper-Problem
Authors: Büttner W , Ruder H
Published: February 2015

A system of 4 point masses (without spin) is considered. The potential energy is assumed to be a function of the distances between the particles only. It is possible to express the kinetic energy relative to the center of mass as the kinetic energy of 3 "reduced" masses. The different possibilities for that procedure are discussed for systems with an arbitrary number of particles. The positions of the 3 reduced masses are described by 9 coordinates. 6 of them, the "internal" coordinates, are needed to determine the internal structure of the system, and 3, the "external" coordinates, for its orientation in space. The classical Hamiltonian in such a set of coordinates is derived. In a first step the Hamiltonian is expressed in terms of linear and angular momenta. Then these quantities are determined as functions of the coordinates and the conjugate momenta by infinitesimal trans-formations. From the classical Hamiltonian we get the quantum mechanical one by the well-known translation rule. It can be expressed in terms of the linear and angular momentum operators quite analogous to the classical case.

For the solution of the time-independent Schrödinger equation the rotational symmetry of the system is used. The wave function is expanded in terms of the eigenfunctions of the total angular momentum. This leads to a system of coupled differential equations for the expansion-coefficients which depend on the 6 internal coordinates only. The further symmetries of the system (reflection and particle exchange) appear in symmetry properties of these functions. Differences and similarities in the solution theory for the 4-body-problem with respect to the 3-body-problem are discussed.
Decay Scheme of 118In (4.45 min)
Authors: Amaral L. C. M. Do , Leite C. V. De Barros , Jeronymo J. M. F. , Pinho A. G. De , Russo D. , Barros S. De
Published: February 2015

The energies and relative intensities of the γ-radiation following the decay of the 4.45 min isomer of 118ln have been measured using a Ge(Li) detector. A total of sixteen γ-rays was observed of which six for the first time. A decay scheme ist presented and discussed; it incorporates fifteen of the observed transitions.
Elektrische Messungen an Silber-Nickeloxid-Kontakten
Authors: Schwab Georg-Maria , Brunke Frank
Published: February 2015

Durch Oxydation von elektrolytisch auf Silberträgern aufgebrachten Nickelschichten wurden Silber-Nickeloxid-Kontakte hergestellt mit NiO-Schichtdicken von 1,5 · 10-5 cm bis 26 · 10-5 cm; Gegenelektroden aus Silber wurden aufgedampft. Eine Verarmungsrandschicht an der Grenze Silberträger-Oxidschicht gibt der Anordnung Gleichrichtereigenschaften. Wegen des Auftretens einer Art punch through bei Sperrbelastung kann die Breite dieser Randschicht im stromlosen Fall ohne Kenntnis der Akzeptorkonzentration abgeschätzt werden.
Flache Elektronen-Traps und IR-Stimulation bei ZnS-Phosphoren
Authors: Riehl X. , Baur G. , Mader L.
Published: February 2015

Aus Glowkurvenmessungen an ZnS-Phosphoren im Temperaturgebiet unterhalb 100 °K ergibt sich eine ..effektive Haftstellenverteilung", die sehr stark von den Präparationsbedingungen abhängt. Neben sehr breiten, quasikontinuierlichen Glowmaxima beobachtet man auch scharfe, diskrete Glowpeaks zwischen 60 °K und 80 °K. Die Existenz flacher Haftstellen ( < 0.1 eV) ist notwendig für die Stimulierbarkeit von ZnS mit langwelligem IR (bis über 25 μ).

Die wichtigste experimentelle Voraussetzung für die Untersuchung solcher Stimulationseffekte ist die Fernhaltung von unerwünschtem Infrarot von wärmeren, ungekühlten Teilen der Apparatur und der Umgebung. Unter diesen Bedingungen gelingt es. die IR-Stimulation bis zu Wellenlänge über 25 μ quantitativ zu untersuchen und mit ihrer Hilfe optische Traptiefen zu bestimmen.
Thermische Resonatoreffekte bei YAG : Nd3+ -Dauerstrichlasern
Authors: Baumgartner V. , Schubert J.
Published: February 2015

Anhand eines Resonatormodells von BYKOV und VAINSHTEIN wurden an YAG:Nd3+-Stäben thermische Resonatoreffekte im Laserbetrieb untersucht.

Die YAG:Nd3+-Stäbe mit 25 mm bzw. 75 mm Länge und 3 mm Durchmesser wurden jeweils in einem angepaßten, exfokalen, rotationssymmetrischen Pumpsystem kontinuierlich bzw. im 100 Hz Halbwellenbetrieb gepumpt. Die Laserstäbe waren an den Enden mit dielektrischen Vielfachschichten belegt. Es ergaben sich thermische Krümmungsradien von 1 -4 m bei einer Emission von 20-60 transversalen Moden. Die durch das optische Pumpen hervorgerufene Temperaturerhöhung im Kristall wurde mit ΔT - 0.57°C/100 W bestimmt. Die Kenntnis der effektiven Resonatorkrümmung ist wichtig für eine Korrektur dieses störenden Effektes.
Zur Theorie der Auger-Prozesse in III — V-Halbleitern
Authors: Schöne Dieter
Published: February 2015

This paper presents a calculation of the lifetimes of excess electrons in the III -V compounds InSb, InAs and GaSb, assuming the Auger effect between bands. Following the theory of Beattie and Landsberg matrix elements are calculated by using approximate wave functions instead of Bloch functions. The ninefold integration of the transition probability can be reduced to a four-fold one which then is numerically calculated with the aid of a computer. The results are compared with the lifetimes of radiative transitions. It is shown that the Auger processes are dominant in small gap semiconductors, but not in semiconductors with larger gaps (more than about 0.5 eV).
Notizen: EPR an Mn-dotiertem KBr
Authors: Gehrer G. , Schliep K.-P. , Lüscher E.
Published: February 2015

The paramagnetic resonance spectra of Mn-doped single crystals of KBr were studied at 35 GHz. Crystals, heated at 600 °C and dropped into liquid nitrogen, show the spectra of Mn++ with a positive ion vacancy bound in the nearest and next-nearest cation site. The spin Hamiltonian constants, measured at LNT, are: g = 2.001 ± 0.001, |A| = (79 ± 2) G, |D| = (646±13) ·10-4 cm-1 , |E|=(124±3) · 10-4 cm-1 and g = 2.001 ± 0.001, |A| = ( 79 ± 2 ) G , |D|=(918±20) ·10-4cm-1 , |E| = 0 . Two new isotropic sixline spectra are found in such quenched crystals after X-radiating at RT with g = 2.003± 0.001, |A| = ( 20 ± 1 ) G and g=2.002 ± 0.001, |A |=(195±10) G.
Notizen: Zur Begründung der Lorentz-Gruppe von Süßmann
Authors: Brennich H.
Published: February 2015

Süssmann' s deduction of the Lorentz group is mathematized. It is shown that it depends mainly on the notion of velocity transformation.
Diffusion von gelöstem Wasserstoff und Deuterium in flüssigem Ammoniak
Authors: Haul R , Puttbach E
Published: February 2015

Diffusion coefficients of H2 and D2 in liquid NH3 were determined from rates of solution at constant partial pressure of the gases (9 atm) in the range -60 to + 1 0 °C. D0(H2) = 9.4±0.4 ; D0(D2) = 7.4+0.4 cm2/sec; ΔE(H2) =2090 ± 30 ; ΔE(D2) =2030 ± 30 cal/mole. The mechanism of diffusion and the isotope effects are discussed on the basis of the structure of liquid NH3 .
Bemerkungen zur Clausius-Duhem'schen Ungleichung
Authors: Keller J
Published: February 2015

Within the framework of the Entropy-free Thermodynamic of Processes (ETIP) developed by J. Meixner, it is investigated for what type of fluid or solid systems the Clausius-Duhem-Inequality (CDI) will hold for the thermostatic entropy sth. The following statements will be proved:

1. The CDI holds for processes in simple thermodynamic systems of the differential type with complexity 1 or 2. In these cases the CDI is a consequence of the fundamental inequality of ETIP.

2. The CDI cannot hold for processes in simple thermodynamic systems of the integral type with complexity 1.

3. The CDI may or may not hold for processes in simple thermodynamic systems of the integral type with complexity 2.
The First Order Density Corrections Including Ternary Collisions in a Boltzmann-Landau Gas
Authors: Mitra Arun K. , Mitra Sunanda
Published: February 2015

The first order density corrections to the coefficients of viscosity (η) and thermal conductivity (λ) in a Boltzmann-Landau gas have been calculated including the effect of ternary collisions.
Influence of Atom-Atom Collisions on the Population Densities of Excited Atomic Levels
Authors: Drawin H. W.
Published: February 2015

The number densities of excited hydrogen atoms in a non-thermal plasma have been calculated on the basis of a coupled system of rate equations (25 levels) in which one accounts for electron-atom and atom-atom collisions. The calculated population densities depend strongly on the neutral particle density na when ne/na≪1. When the electron temperature, Te, is different from the gas temperature, Tg , the number densities of the excited levels are determined by Tg rather than by Te. This is important in connection with the quantitative spectroscopy of plasmas.
Ein Ionen-Laser für metrologische Anwendungen
Authors: Engelhard E. , Spieweck F.
Published: February 2015

A xenon isotop laser has been built which emits Xe(II)-lines in the visible. The vapour pressure controlled laser tube operates at low current. Preliminary vacuum wavelength values have been found to be (542.065 49±0.000 02) nm and (627.254 64±0.000 01) nm.
Zur Interpretation der Darstellung abgeschlossener Schalen unter Verwendung der Gaußschen Integral-Transformation mit reinen Gauß-Funktionen
Authors: Preuss H.
Published: February 2015

Es wird gezeigt, daß die Verwendung reiner Gauß-Funktionen im Rahmen abgeschlossener Schalen durch eine Integral-Transformation in die Darstellung von Korrelationsfunktionen übergeführt werden kann.
Ruby Laser Induced Changes in the Absorption Spectra of Sodium Decorated Sodium Chloride Crystals
Authors: Kuzmany H.
Published: February 2015

The effects of intense Q-switched ruby laser light on the absorption spectra of NaCl crystals, additively coloured by colloidal sodium were investigated at different depths along the laser beam path as well as after being subjected to different annealing conditions. A strong general increase in absorption was observed in the region where the laser light entered the crystal, while a strong decrease in absorption occurred in the colloid band, especially around the laser wavelength. This bleaching was accompanied by the generation of a new absorption band at ~ 1200 nm (~1.0eV) in the infrared, which, according to its sensitivty to temperature treatment, is not of colloidal origin, The energy denisty necessary for its generation was found to be about 400mJ/cm2. Its is suggested that the bleaching of the colloid band could be used for the storage of holograms.
Diffusion of Krypton in Cesium and Rubidium Iodide; A Comparison of Results Obtained Following Reactor Irradiation and Ion Bombardment
Authors: Matzke Hj. , Springer F.
Published: February 2015

The present study shows that under suitably chosen conditions, the same results of rare gas diffusion coefficients can be obtained in samples which are reactor irradiated to produce a homo-geneous concentration of rare gas, and in samples that are labeled with rare gas by controlled ion bombardment. In the present study, the diffusion of krypton in Rbl and Csl was found to follow the empirical rule of yielding activation enthalpies in the range (1.4±0.2) x 10-3 Tm eV, with Tm = melting point in °K. Trapping of rare gases (gas-gas or gas-damage interactions) was observed at high gas concentration.
Fluctuations in the Positive Column of a Neon Glow Discharge
Authors: Grabec I. , Poberaj S.
Published: February 2015

Some properties of the light fluctuations in the positive column of a neon glow discharge were determined measuring the frequency spectra at different positions along the tube. A growth and a saturated region of the fluctuations was found. In the growth region linear processes are dominant and in the second region nonlinear effects play a significant role.
Indiumantimonid-Dioden als Kernteilchen- zähler
Authors: Roth Siegmar
Published: February 2015

Es wird über erste Versuche berichtet, mit InSb-Dioden Kernteilchen zu zählen. Bei 75 °K wurden die Impulse von α-Strahlen und Protonen untersucht. Daraus wurde die effektive Paarerzeugungsenergie zu 2,5 eV bestimmt.
Time Correlation Functions for Internal and Anisotropic Rotational Motion of Molecules
Authors: Versmold H.
Published: February 2015

By use of Green's functions for the diffusional motion a very concise formulation and computation of correlation functions is possible. For an axially symmetric overall diffusion with internal rotation about one and two axes correlation functions of a second rank spherical tensor are calculated. The results comprise all the solutions of the pertinent problem as given so far and allow the extension of the theory to a wider field of application
Diffusion und Sedimentation in Salzschmelzen
Authors: Richter Joachim
Published: February 2015

Es wird der Zusammenhang zwischen den konzentrationsabhängigen Diffusions- und Sedimentationskoeffizienten (D und s) für Salzschmelzen untersucht. Zuerst werden Salzschmelzen mit zwei Komponenten betrachtet, die aus drei ionischen Bestandteilen bestehen, also Salzschmelzen mit gemeinsamem Anion oder Kation. In solchen Systemen lassen sich D und s unabhängig vom Bezugssystem definieren. Die entsprechenden Gleichungen im Fickschen und in den drei Hittorfschen Bezugssystemen und die Transformationsgleichungen zwischen diesen Bezugssystemen werden beredinet und der vom Bezugssystem unabhängige Zusammenhang zwischen D und s ermittelt. Bei Salzschmelzen mit mehr als zwei unabhängig wandernden ionischen Bestandteilen, audi wenn die Schmelze nur aus zwei neutralen Komponenten besteht, hängen D und s sowie ihre Relation zueinander vom Bezugssystem ab