bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visualisation and 'Diagnostic Classifiers' Reveal how Recurrent and Recursive Neural Networks Process Hierarchical Structure (Extended Abstract)
Authors: Hupkes Dieuwke , Zuidema Willem
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we investigate how recurrent neural networks can learn and process languages with hierarchical, compositional semantics. To this end, we define the artificial task of processing nested

arithmetic expressions, and study whether different types of neural networks can learn to compute their meaning. We find that simple recurrent networks cannot find a generalising solution to this task, but gated recurrent neural networks perform surprisingly well: networks learn to predict the outcome of the arithmetic expressions with high accuracy, although performance deteriorates somewhat with increasing length. We test multiple hypotheses on the information that is encoded and processed by the networks using a method called diagnostic classification. In this method, simple neural classifiers are used to test sequences of predictions about features of the hidden state representations at each time step. Our results indicate that the networks follow a strategy similar to our hypothesised ‘cumulative strategy’, which explains the high accuracy of the network on novel expressions, the generalisation to longer expressions than seen in training, and the mild deterioration with increasing length. This, in turn, shows that diagnostic classifiers can be a useful technique for opening up the black box of neural networks.
Distributional Correspondence Indexing for Cross-Lingual and Cross-Domain Sentiment Classification (Extended Abstract)
Authors: Moreo Fernández Alejandro , Esuli Andrea , Sebastiani Fabrizio
Published: July 2018

Domain Adaptation (DA) techniques aim at enabling machine learning methods learn effective classifiers for a “target” domain when the only available training data belongs to a different “source” domain. In this extended abstract, we briefly describe our new DA method called Distributional Correspondence Indexing (DCI) for sentiment classification. DCI derives term representations in a vector space common to both domains where each dimension reflects its distributional correspondence to a pivot, i.e., to a highly predictive term that behaves similarly across domains. The experiments we have conducted show that DCI obtains better performance than current state-of-the-art techniques for cross-lingual and cross-domain sentiment classification.
Statistical Quality Control for Human Computation and Crowdsourcing
Authors: Baba Yukino
Published: July 2018

Human computation is a method for solving difficult problems by combining humans and computers. Quality control is a critical issue in human computation because it relies on a large number of participants (i.e., crowds) and there is an uncertainty about their reliability. A solution for this issue is to leverage the power of the "wisdom of crowds"; for example, we can aggregate the outputs of multiple participants or ask a participant to check the output of another participant to improve its quality. In this paper, we review several statistical approaches for controlling the quality of outputs from crowds.
Reasoning about NP-complete Constraints
Authors: Hebrard Emmanuel
Published: July 2018

The concept of local consistency – making global deductions from local infeasibility – is central to constraint programming. When reasoning about NP-complete constraints, however, since achieving a ``complete'' form of local consistency is often considered too hard, we need other tools to design and analyze propagation algorithms.

In this paper, we argue that NP-complete constraints are an essential part of constraint programming, that designing dedicated methods has lead to, and will bring, significant breakthroughs, and that we need to carefully investigate methods to deal about a necessarily incomplete inference. In particular, we advocate the use of fixed-parameter tractability and kernelization to this purpose.
Socially Motivated Partial Cooperation in Multi-agent Local Search
Authors: Ze'evi Tal , Zivan Roie , Lev Omer
Published: July 2018

Partial Cooperation is a paradigm and a corresponding

model, proposed to represent multi-agent

systems in which agents are willing to cooperate

to achieve a global goal, as long as some minimal

threshold on their personal utility is satisfied. Distributed

local search algorithms were proposed in

order to solve asymmetric distributed constraint optimization

problems (ADCOPs) in which agents are

partially cooperative.

We contribute by: 1) extending the partial cooperative

model to allow it to represent dynamic cooperation

intentions, affected by changes in agents’

wealth, in accordance with social studies literature.

2) proposing a novel local search algorithm

in which agents receive indications of others’ preferences

on their actions and thus, can perform actions

that are socially beneficial. Our empirical

study reveals the advantage of the proposed algorithm

in multiple benchmarks. Specifically, on realistic

meeting scheduling problems it overcomes

limitations of standard local search algorithms.
Grounded Language Learning: Where Robotics and NLP Meet
Authors: Matuszek Cynthia
Published: July 2018

Grounded language acquisition is concerned with learning the meaning of language as it applies to the physical world. As robots become more capable and ubiquitous, there is an increasing need for non-specialists to interact with and control them, and natural language is an intuitive, flexible, and customizable mechanism for such communication. At the same time, physically embodied agents offer a way to learn to understand natural language in the context of the world to which it refers. This paper gives an overview of the research area, selected recent advances, and some future directions and challenges that remain.
Improving Data Management using Domain Knowledge
Authors: Ortiz Magdalena
Published: July 2018

The development of tools and techniques for flexible and reliable data management is a long-standing challenge, ever more pressing in today’s data-rich world. We advocate using domain knowledge expressed in ontologies to tackle it, and summarize some research efforts to this aim that follow two directions. First, we consider the problem of ontology-mediated query answering (OMQA), where queries in a standard database query language are enriched with an ontology expressing background knowledge about the domain of interest, used to retrieve more complete answers when querying incomplete data. We discuss some of our contributions to OMQA, focusing on (i) expressive languages for OMQA, with emphasis on combining the open- and closed-world assumptions to reason about partially complete data; and (ii) OMQA algorithms based on rewriting techniques. The second direction we discuss proposes to use ontologies to manage evolving data. In particular, we use ontologies to model and reason about constraints on datasets, effects of operations that modify data, and the integrity of the data as it evolves.
Advances and Challenges in Privacy Preserving Planning
Authors: Shani Guy
Published: July 2018

Collaborative privacy-preserving planning (CPPP) is a multi-agent planning task in which agents need to achieve a common set of goals without revealing certain private information. CPPP has gained attention in recent years as an important sub area of multi agent planning, presenting new challenges to the planning community.

In this paper we describe recent advancements, and outline open problems and future directions in this field.

We begin with describing different models of privacy, such as weak and strong privacy, agent privacy, and cardinality preserving privacy. We then discuss different solution approaches, focusing on the two prominent methods --- joint creation of a global coordination scheme first, followed by independent planning to extend the global scheme with private actions; and collaborative local planning where agents communicate information concerning their planning process.

In both cases a heuristic is needed to guide the search process. We describe several adaptations of well known classical planning heuristic to CPPP, focusing on the difficulties in computing the heuristic without disclosing private information.
Probabilistic Machine Learning: Models, Algorithms and a Programming Library
Authors: Zhu Jun
Published: July 2018

Probabilistic machine learning provides a suite of powerful tools for modeling uncertainty, performing probabilistic inference, and making predictions or decisions in uncertain environments. In this paper, we present an overview of our recent work on probabilistic machine learning, including the theory of regularized Bayesian inference, Bayesian deep learning, scalable inference algorithms, a probabilistic programming library named ZhuSuan, and applications in representation learning as well as learning from crowds.
Handling Uncertainty in Recommender Systems under the Belief Function Theory
Authors: Abdelkhalek Raoua
Published: July 2018

Dealing with uncertainty is an important challenge in real world applications including Recommender Systems (RSs). Different kinds of uncertainty can be pervaded at any level throughout the recommendation process, which follows to inaccurate results. The main goal of this research work is to consider RSs under an uncertain framework. We seek for an improvement over the traditional recommendation approaches in order to handle such uncertainty under the belief function theory.
AI for Conservation: Aerial Monitoring to Learn and Plan against Illegal Actors
Authors: Bondi Elizabeth
Published: July 2018

Conservation of our planet’s natural resources is of the utmost importance and requires constant innovation. This project focuses on innovation for one aspect of conservation: the reduction of wildlife poaching. Park rangers patrol parks to decrease poaching by searching for poachers and animal snares left by poachers. Multiple strategies exist to aid in these patrols, including adversary behavior prediction and planning optimal ranger patrol strategies. These research efforts suffer from a key shortcoming: they fail to integrate real-time data, and rely on historical data collected during ranger patrols. With the recent advances in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, UAVs have become viable tools to aid in park ranger patrols. There is now an opportunity to augment the input for these strategies in real time. Detection is done on real-time data collected from UAVs. Detection will then be used to learn adversaries’ behaviors, or where poaching may occur in the future, in future work. This will then be used to plan where to fly in the long term, such as the next mission. Finally, planning where to fly next during the current flight will depend on the long term plan and the real-time detections in case a poacher is spotted. Through our collaboration with Air Shepherd, a program of the Charles A. and Anne Morrow Lindbergh Foundation, we have already begun deploying poacher detection prototypes in Africa and will be able to deploy further advances there in the future.
Optimal Multi-Attribute Decision Making in Social Choice Problems
Authors: Sikdar Sujoy
Published: July 2018

My thesis solves problems of decision making when alternatives are characterized by multiple attributes, under natural restrictions on agents’ preferences that are motivated by practical and cognitive considerations.  Computing optimal decisions in these settings is often hard in general. Fortunately, agents’ preferences often have some natural structure, which have been studied in cognitive psychology literature. This makes several important problems tractable. I identify cases where such structure accurately models preferences in real world data, and provide efficient mechanisms to compute optimal outcomes for important social choice problems with theoretical guarantees.
Bringing Multi-agent Path Finding Closer to Reality
Authors: Švancara Jiří
Published: July 2018

Multi-agent path finding is the problem of navigating multiple agents from their current locations to their goal locations in such a way that there are no collisions between the agents. The classical definition of the problem assumes that the set of agents is unchangeable, and that the distances in the graph are homogeneous.

We propose to add to the problem specification a set of new attributes to bring it closer to the real world. These attributes include varying distances, number of agents that can occupy an edge or node, and dynamic appearance of new agents.
Show, Observe and Tell: Attribute-driven Attention Model for Image Captioning
Authors: Chen Hui , Ding Guiguang , Lin Zijia , Zhao Sicheng , Han Jungong
Published: July 2018

Despite the fact that attribute-based approaches and attention-based approaches have been proven to be effective in image captioning, most attribute-based approaches simply predict attributes independently without taking the co-occurrence dependencies among attributes into account. Besides, most attention-based captioning models directly leverage the feature map extracted from CNN, in which many features may be redundant in relation to the image content. In this paper, we focus on training a good attribute-inference model via the recurrent neural network (RNN) for image captioning, where the co-occurrence dependencies among attributes can be maintained. The uniqueness of our inference model lies in the usage of a RNN with the visual attention mechanism to \textit{observe} the image before generating captions. Additionally, it is noticed that compact and attribute-driven features will be more useful for the attention-based captioning model. To this end, we extract the context feature for each attribute, and guide the captioning model adaptively attend to these context features. We verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach over the other captioning approaches by conducting massive experiments and comparisons on MS COCO image captioning dataset.
TuringBox: An Experimental Platform for the Evaluation of AI Systems
Authors: Epstein Ziv , Payne Blakeley H. , Shen Judy Hanwen , Hong Casey Jisoo , Felbo Bjarke , Dubey Abhimanyu , Groh Matthew , Obradovich Nick , Cebrian Manuel , Rahwan Iyad
Published: July 2018

We introduce TuringBox, a platform to democratize the study of AI. On one side of the platform, AI contributors upload existing and novel algorithms to be studied scientifically by others. On the other side, AI examiners develop and post machine intelligence tasks to evaluate and characterize the outputs of algorithms. We outline the architecture of such a platform, and describe two interactive case studies of algorithmic auditing on the platform.
CISA: Chinese Information Structure Analysis for Scientific Writing with Cross-lingual Adversarial Learning
Authors: Huang Hen-Hsen , Chen Hsin-Hsi
Published: July 2018

This work demonstrates a writing assistant system that provides high level advice for Chinese scientific writing.

Cross-lingual approaches are investigated to analyze the information structure of a given Chinese abstract and retrieve useful knowledge in the related work written in both English and Chinese.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on Chinese information structure identification.

Without the need of labeled Chinese data, our novel model is capable of dealing with Chinese instances by acquiring language-invariant knowledge from the labeled English data. Adversarial learning is employed to enhance the cross-lingual sentence representation.
A Wearable Device for Online and Long-Term ECG Monitoring
Authors: Longoni Marco , Carrera Diego , Rossi Beatrice , Fragneto Pasqualina , Pessione Marco , Boracchi Giacomo
Published: July 2018

We present a prototype wearable device able to perform online and long-term monitoring of ECG signals, and detect anomalous heartbeats such as arrhythmias. Our solution is based on user-specific dictionaries which characterizes the morphology of normal heartbeats and are learned every time the device is positioned. Anomalies are detected via an optimized sparse coding procedure, which assesses the conformance of each heartbeat to the user-specific dictionary. The dictionaries are adapted during online monitoring, to track heart rate variations occurring during everyday activities. Perhaps surprisingly, dictionary adaptation can be successfully performed by transformations that are user-independent and learned from large datasets of ECG signals.
Semantic Representation of Data Science Programs
Authors: Patterson Evan , Baldini Ioana , Mojsilović Aleksandra , Varshney Kush R.
Published: July 2018

Your computer is continuously executing programs, but does it really understand them? Not in any meaningful sense. That burden falls upon human knowledge workers, who are increasingly asked to write and understand code. They would benefit greatly from intelligent tools that reveal the connections between their code and its subject matter. Towards this prospect, we present an AI system that forms semantic representations of computer programs, using techniques from knowledge representation and program analysis. These representations are created through a novel algorithm for the semantic enrichment of dataflow graphs. We illustrate its workings with examples from the field of data science. The algorithm is undergirded by a new ontology language for modeling computer programs and a new ontology about data science, written in this language.
Deep View-Aware Metric Learning for Person Re-Identification
Authors: Chen Pu , Xu Xinyi , Deng Cheng
Published: July 2018

Person re-identification remains a challenging issue due to the dramatic changes in visual appearance caused by the variations in camera views, human pose, and background clutter. In this paper, we propose a deep view-aware metric learning (DVAML) model, where image pairs with similar and dissimilar views are projected into different feature subspaces, which can discover the intrinsic relevance between image pairs from different aspects. Additionally, we employ multiple metrics to jointly learn feature subspaces on which the relevance between image pairs are explicitly captured and thus greatly promoting the retrieval accuracy. Extensive experiment results on datasets CUHK01, CUHK03, and PRID2011 demonstrate the superiority of our method compared with state-of-the-art approaches.
Extracting Latent Beliefs and using Epistemic Reasoning to Tailor a Chatbot
Authors: Sangroya Amit , Anantaram C. , Saini Pratik , Rawat Mrinal
Published: July 2018

During dialog with a customer for addressing his/her complaint the chatbot may pose questions or observations based on its underlying model. Sometimes

the questions or observations posed may not be relevant given the nature of complaint and the current set of beliefs that the customer holds. In this paper we present a framework to build conversation system that addresses customer complaints in a meaningful manner using domain understanding, opinion analysis and epistemic reasoning. Extraction of latent beliefs assists in performing epistemic reasoning to maintain a meaningful conversation with the customer.
Truthful Fair Division without Free Disposal
Authors: Bei Xiaohui , Huzhang Guangda , Suksompong Warut
Published: July 2018

We study the problem of fairly dividing a heterogeneous resource, commonly known as cake cutting and chore division, in the presence of strategic agents. While a number of results in this setting have been established in previous works, they rely crucially on the free disposal assumption, meaning that the mechanism is allowed to throw away part of the resource at no cost. In the present work, we remove this assumption and focus on mechanisms that always allocate the entire resource. We exhibit a truthful envy-free mechanism for cake cutting and chore division for two agents with piecewise uniform valuations, and we complement our result by showing that such a mechanism does not exist when certain additional assumptions are made. Moreover, we give truthful mechanisms for multiple agents with restricted classes of valuations.
Dual Adversarial Networks for Zero-shot Cross-media Retrieval
Authors: Chi Jingze , Peng Yuxin
Published: July 2018

Existing cross-media retrieval methods usually require that testing categories remain the same with training categories, which cannot support the retrieval of increasing new categories. Inspired by zero-shot learning, this paper proposes zeroshot cross-media retrieval for addressing the above problem, which aims to retrieve data of new categories across different media types. It is challenging that zero-shot cross-media retrieval has to handle not only the inconsistent semantics across new and known categories, but also the heterogeneous distributions across different media types. To address the above challenges, this paper proposes Dual Adversarial Networks for Zero-shot Crossmedia Retrieval (DANZCR), which is the first approach to address zero-shot cross-media retrieval to the best of our knowledge. Our DANZCR approach consists of two GANs in a dual structure for common representation generation and original representation reconstruction respectively, which capture the underlying data structures as well as strengthen relations between input data and semantic space to generalize across seen and unseen categories. Our DANZCR approach exploits word embeddings to learn common representations in semantic space via an adversarial learning method, which preserves the inherent cross-media correlation and enhances the knowledge transfer to new categories. Experiments on three widely-used cross-media retrieval datasets show the effectiveness of our approach.
Phase-Plane Geometries in Coupled Enzyme Assays
Authors: Eilertsen Justin , Stroberg Wylie , Schnell Santiago
Published: July 2018

The determination of a substrate or enzyme activity by coupling of one enzymatic reaction with another easily detectable (indicator) reaction is a common practice in the biochemical sciences. Usually, the kinetics of enzyme reactions is simplified with singular perturbation analysis to derive rate or time course expressions valid under the quasi-steady-state and reactant stationary state assumptions. In this paper, the dynamical behavior of coupled enzyme catalyzed assays is studied by analysis in the phase plane. We analyze two types of time-dependent slow manifolds - Sisyphus and Laelaps manifolds - that occur in asymptotically autonomous vector fields that arise from enzyme coupled assays. Projection onto slow manifolds yields various reduced models, and we develop a mathematical framework from which to analyze coupled enzyme assays through scaling and phase-plane analysis. We demonstrate the necessity of fast indicator reactions to derive mathematical expressions which could be used for the accurate estimation of enzyme kinetic parameters through experimental assays in the laboratory.
KONSTRUKSI INTEROGATIF POLAR DALAM BAHASA JEPANG
Authors: Gapur Abdul
Published: July 2018

Each language has its own characteristics, which can be seen by the interrogative construction themselves. Polar interrogative construction in Japanese will be discussed in this research. The research is kind of qualitative reasearch by using descriptive method. The data of the research is the polar interrogative construction consisted in the textbooks minnano nihongo shokyuu I and nameraka nihongo kaiwa. The theory of interrogative construction by Seimund (2011) was used as the theory in this research. The results of the research showed that the finding of polar interrogative construction was formed by the intonation, the addition of interrogative particle, and the interrogative tag. Meanwhile, the polar interrogative construction formed by the change of constituent order, verbal inflection, and disjunction was not found. The finding of polar interrogative construction in the textbook minna no nihongo shokyuu I is dominated by the polar interrogative construction which is formed by the adding of interrogative particle, while in the textbook nameraka nihongo kaiwa is dominated by the polar interrogative construction which is formed by the intonation. Abstrak Setiap bahasa memiliki karakteristik tersendiri. Karakteristik tersebut dapat dilihat dari konstruksi interogatifnya. Pada penelitian ini akan dibahas mengenai konstruksi interogatif polar dalam bahasa Jepang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah konstruksi interogatif polar yang terdapat dalam bukuMinna No Nihongo Shokyuu I, Nameraka Nihongo Kaiwa,dan komikOremonogatariChapter1karangan Kazune Kawahara danAruko.Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori konstruksi interogatif Siemund (2001). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah konstruksi interogatif polar yang wujud terbentuk dari intonasi, penambahan partikel interogatif,dan taginterogatif. Sementarakonstruksi interogatif polar yang terbentuk dengan perubahan urutan konstituen, infleksi verbal dan disjungsi tidak ditemukan. Konstruksi interogatif polar yang wujud dalam buku Minna No Nihongo Shokyuu I dankomikOremonogatariChapter 1 didominasi oleh konstruksi interogatif polar yang terbentuk dari penambahan partikel interogatif,sementara pada buku Nameraka Nihongo Kaiwadidominasi oleh konstruksi interogatif polar yang terbentuk dari intonasi.
岩土工程勘察在高边坡工程中的运用分析与研究
Authors: 罗 家盛 , 杨 永昕 , 胡 景娟
Published: July 2018

高边坡工程与普通的建筑工程具有较大的区别， 无论是在建筑设计上， 还是在施工过程之中， 它所要求的施工技术和施工质量都更好。在高边坡工程施工之中， 对岩土工程进行全面的勘察工作， 是必须要进行的前提工作， 但是很多工程企业没有对岩土工程的勘察工作给予足够的重视， 从而导致高边坡工程的施工出现各种问题。 论文对高边坡工程之中进行岩土工程的勘察重要性进行分析， 并对如何更好的将岩土工程勘察应用在高边坡工程之中提出了建议， 旨在提高高边坡工程的总体质量。
城市生态学在城市环境规划中的运用
Authors: 王 驰
Published: July 2018

近年来， 由于中国经济快速的增长和国民生活水平的不断提高， 使得人类的开发活动更加频繁， 而人类无节制的开发给环境带来了极大的压力。因此， 对城市的环境进行规划， 尤其是含县、 区的城市环境规划已经成为当前急需完成的工作任务。在这一背景下， 文章对城市生态学在城市环境规划中的运用进行详细探究， 首先文章对城市环境规划的特点进行简要概述， 其次总结了当前城市环境规划中的相关原则， 最后详细剖析了城市生态学在城市环境规划中的应用。此次研究的目的主要是为了增强中国环境生态学在城市环境规划中的应用， 进而提高中国城市环境规划成果。
Speed-based high-intensity interval approach as an alternative to heart rate training
Authors: Rabbani Maryam , Esfarjani Fahimeh
Published: July 2018

The aims of this study were to: 1) compare the effects of speed-based versus heart-rate-based high-intensity interval training (HIT) on changes in high-intensity intermittent running performance, and 2) examine between-group differences in heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) responses during the training sessions. Sixteen female students were divided into the HR-based (n=8, M±SD, age 17.3±0.2 years, body mass, 59.2±5.7 kg, and body height, 167.8±2.2 cm) and speed-based (n=8, age 17.2±0.3 years, body mass, 57.7±6.4 kg, and body height, 171.0±5.1 cm) groups before commencing the HIT intervention. After completing five weeks of HIT, both the HR-based and speed-based groups showed most likely moderate enhancement in high-intensity intermittent running performance (+9%, 90% confidence limits [CL] [6.4; 11.7]; standardized change [ES] +1.04 [0.75; 1.33]) and (+9.2%, [6.0; 12.5]; +1.09 [0.73; 1.46]), respectively. However, the difference between the experimental groups with regards to changes in high-intensity running performance was trivial. Between-group differences of weekly average HR and RPE responses showed trivial to moderate (ES range; -0.95; 0.15) and moderate to very large (ES: -0.63; -2.88) values, respectively. Although it seems that both the speed-based and HR-based HIT approaches have some limitations when implementing for HIT individualization, using the speed reached at the end of the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness test (VIFT) seems to elicit the same performance enhancement, but with lower psychophysiological responses during short-term interventions.
Two Manuscripts, One by Routley, One by Meyer: The Origins of the Routley-Meyer Semantics for Relevance Logics
Authors: Bimbo Katalin , Dunn Jon Michael , Ferenz Nicholas
Published: July 2018

A ternary relation is often used nowadays to interpret an implication connective of a logic, a practice that became dominant in the semantics of relevance logics.  This paper examines two early manuscripts --- one by Routley, another by Meyer --- in which they were developing set-theoretic semantics for various relevance logics.  A standard presentation of a ternary relational semantics for, let us say, the logic of relevant implication R is quite illuminating, yet the invention of this semantics was fraught with false starts.  Meyer's manuscript, in which he builds on some ideas from Routley's manuscript, essentially contains a relational semantics for which R^{ot} is sound and complete.
Introduction
Authors: Casati Filippo , Mortensen Chris , Priest Graham
Published: July 2018

Introduction to the Routley/Sylvan Issue.
Full-blooded anti-exceptionalism about logic
Authors: Da Costa Newton , Arenhart Jonas R. Becker
Published: July 2018

Problems of logical theory choice are current being widely dis- cussed in the context of anti-exceptionalist views on logic. According to those views, logic is not a special science among others, so, in particular, the methodology for theory choice should be the same in logic as for other scientific disciplines. Richard Routley advanced one such methodology which meshes well with anti-exceptionalism, and argued that it leads one to choosing one single logic, which is a kind of ultralogic. We argue that the choice for only one correct system of logic may be rejected on the basis of the methodology proposed by Routley and, furthermore, that taking anti-exceptionalism about logic seriously recommends that a pluralist view of logic should be accepted. We call this view “full-blooded anti-exceptionalism”, and the resulting view on logic, lacking a proper name, “local pluralism”.
Perilaku Orang Tua dalam Pencegahan Obesitas Anak Pra Sekolah Berbasis Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB)
Authors: Nurbadriyah Wiwit Dwi
Published: July 2018

Obesitas anak merupakan masalah yang perlu diwaspadai karena angka kejadian cenderung meningkat. Obesitas mempunyai dampak terhadap tumbuh kembang anak dalam aspek fisik dan psikososial serta berisiko tinggi menjadi obesitas pada masa dewasa dan berpotensi mengalami berbagai penyebab kesakitan dan kematian. Sulitnya tatalaksanan obesitas menyebabkan pencegahan menjadi prioritas utama dengan pendekatan keluarga dalam menjaga pola makan dan aktivitas yang sehat. Orang tua terutama Ibu memegang peranan penting terhadap pemenuhan gizi keluarga karena ibu bertanggung jawab di rumah termasuk apa yang dimakan oleh anak. Perilaku terencana dalam pencegahan obesitas dapat diidentifikasi dengan pendekatan Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Rancangan penelitian deskriptif eksploratif dengan sampel 25 responden yaitu ibu dari anak prasekolah di TK Wonokerso Pakisaji Malang melalui teknik sampling purposive. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen. Data yang diambil yaitu demografi dan data khusus yaitu sikap, norma subyektif, perceived behavior control (PBC), intensi. Sikap Keyakinan orangtua dalam pencegahan obesitas Anak 64% baik. Subyektive Norms Persepsi dukungan sosial yang dirasakan 52% baik, persepsi terhadap pengendalian (PBC) yaitu keyakinan mudah atau sulit tentang pencegahan obesitas 68% baik, Intensi Keinginan/ niat orangtua 52% baik. Tenaga kesehatan diharapkan melakukan pendidikan kesehatan dengan topik pencegahan obesitas pada anak, kebiasaan makan, jenis bahan makan yang biasa dikonsumsi, frekuensi makan, porsi makan, asupan makan, pantangan makan, riwayat aktivitas fisik.
Counterpressure dan Efek terhadap Nyeri Persalinan Kala I Fase Aktif pada Ibu Primigravida
Authors: Harini Ririn
Published: July 2018

Metode Counterpressure merupakan pijatan atau tekanan pada sacrum atau tulang belakang untuk menekan atau mengurangi nyeri. Counterpressure dapat dilakukan dengan menekan bagian punggung tepatnya pada sacrum seperti tekanan dengan menggunakan tangan, dengan cara telapak tangan melakukan tekanan dalam, kuat pada sacrum dengan tumit tangan dan menggerakkan melingkar kecil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Efektifitas nyeri pada ibu inpartu kala I fase aktif pada kelompok intervensi Counterpressure maupum kelompok kontrol. Metode penelitian ini menggunakandesain penelitian pra eksperimentyang dilaksanakan di Rumah Sakit Kanjuruhan Kabupaten Malang selama 4 bulan. Teknik observasi dilakukan untuk melihat intensitas nyeri sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan intervensi yang ditentukan dengan rumus uji-t. Instrument yang digunakan dengan menggunakan skala nyeri Bourbonais dan lembar observasi teknik Counterpressure. Berdasarkan uji analisis t-test dengan tingkat kemaknaan p < 0,05 menggunakan SPSS versi 17 didapatkan nilai p = 0,002 < 0,05 sehingga dapat diartikan bahwa ada perbedaan penurunan nyeri persalinan kala I fase aktif pada Ibu Primigravida sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan teknik Counterpressure. Dari hasil penelitian ini didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa ibu primigravida yang melakukan teknik CounterpressureÂ  Â secara teratur dapat menurunkan nyeri persalinan secara berkala. Diharapkan metode counterpressure dapat diaplikasikan dalam asuhan keperawatan pada nyeri persalinan kala I fase aktif pada ibu primigravida.
Writing (in) melancholy. Loss and remembrance in the works of two contemporary Hindi writers
Authors: Junik-Łuniewska Kamila
Published: July 2018

The paper aims at analysing the question of melancholy and memory in contemporary Hindi literature. The author selected works by two Hindi writers (T. Grover and U. Vajpeyi), who represent similar approach towards literature and use similar means of expression. The two main motifs characteristic for their writing – love (pyār) and loss (a-bhāv) – are closely related to the creative process: the loved one is the lost object, the one subjugated to melancholy, who can be remembered through writing. In the light of A. Świeściak’s idea of “melancholic subject” and S. Bahun’s concept of “performing melancholia”, the author discusses ways in which both the writers construct their literary world, inhabit it with loved/absent objects (beloved, father), and mourn their loss. The subject in their writing is both fictional and biographical, so the loss relates to literary as well as real events, becomes multidimensional. In Grover’s Blue, the subject’s separation with the beloved leads her to realise the loss of her father in childhood, and thus unveils the mourning and melancholy (symbolically represented by blue/Blue). U. Vajpeyi’s poems create a space for meeting his lost love, for weeping and remembrance, for exchanging letters (and writing). The results of the present study show that melancholy – as a consequence of loss, mourning, and remembering - becomes a creative force, inducing the author (narrator, subject) to write.
Nostalgia for the Lost Homeland as Part of Identity in Alė Rūta’s Works
Authors: Žindžiuvienė Ingrida Eglė
Published: July 2018

The article examines the representation of nostalgic memory of the lost homeland, Lithuania, in the Lithuanian diaspora writer’s, Alė Rūta’s (1915-2011), trilogy called “The Destiny of the Exiled”, which consists of the novels Pirmieji svetur (1984; Eng. - The First Abroad), Daigynas (1987; Eng. – The Seedling Plot), and Skamba tolumoj (1997; Eng. Echoes from Afar). These novels describe the multilayered problems of Lithuanian immigration into the U.S.A. and life of the immigrants there. Alė Rūta (Elena Nakaitė-Arbienė) is a well-known Lithuanian author, most of whose works (novels and collections of short stories and poems, all written in the Lithuanian language) have been published by the publishers of Lithuanian diaspora in the United States of America. The trauma of the loss of the native land results in the transmitted nostalgia in her novels. The author both mourns over the lost homeland and shares with the readers her grief over this loss and longing for seeing it again. In doing this, Alė Rūta echoes the nostalgic voices of many immigrants, who left their native country at different periods. The article also discusses the issue of preservation of ethnic identity, which is constructed on nostalgic and often melancholic memories of the past, and explores different types of nostalgia, which forms a core of Alė Rūta’s trilogy.
Forms of Nostalgia in Henry James’s “The American Scene”
Authors: Gutorow Jacek
Published: July 2018

Henry James was not a sentimental writer. However, in his later books we can find traces of repressed emotions and melancholy. One of the most intriguing literary documents showing the nostalgic strain in James is his collection The American Scene (1907), a record of the novelist’s return to the USA after a twenty-years-old absence. It contains various manifestations of James’s nostalgia – for example, his memories of New York and his melancholic recollections of the places connected with his youth. Also, it shows James’s convoluted rhetoric of memory as a space of repression and displacement as well as his unwillingness to address these issues in a direct fashion.
Faces of nostalgia. Restorative and reflective nostalgia in the fine arts
Authors: Horvath Gizela
Published: July 2018

In the present article I use the terminology introduced by Svetlana Boym of restorative nostalgia and reflective nostalgia regarding works of contemporary fine art.

Restorative nostalgia implies an effort to revive the past – but without acknowledging that the desired and idealized past never existed, therefore it cannot be restored, either. I illustrate the application of this concept through the “new-academic” direction in today’s contemporary Hungarian fine arts. The reflective nostalgia is aware of the idealizing momentum of the desired past, it reflects critically upon its own desires, and it highlights possibilities in the past regarding the present – often playfully or with irony. I illustrate the latter through the works of the Chinese Ai Wei Wei and the Romanian Mircea Cantor. I argue that reflective nostalgia is not a fruitless burial into the past, but a resource for processing the passing of time in a creative manner.
Civil process and the Rome law in Russia at XIX-beginning of the XXth centuries: the experience of the dissertation working-out
Authors: Апольский Евгений , Apolsky Evgeny , Мордовцев Андрей , Mordovtsev Andrey , Исрапилов Артур , Israpilov Artur
Published: July 2018

The monograph contains the analysis of the content and classification of the results of master's and doctor's theses in the specialty "Civil law", defended in the leading universities of the Russian Empire, the subject of which were the institutions and norms of civil judicial system and justice, as well as Roman law. The theses are considered in blocks grouped according to the basic elements of the science of Roman law and civil procedure. The main purpose of the authors is to identify the main areas of research of domestic legal scholars of the XIX-early XX centuries., to trace the goals, objectives and nature of the work, to present a set of forms of theoretical knowledge obtained in them. The content of key ideas, hypotheses, concepts, theories obtained in the course of pre-revolutionary studies on Roman law and civil procedure is disclosed in the appendices to the monograph.
The book is addressed to a wide range of researchers, teachers, doctoral students, graduate students and University students interested in the development of science of Roman law and civil procedure in Russia.
Groundwater as abstraction source for drinking water supply in 2014
Authors: Meyer Chloé
Published: July 2018

Data is given as the percentage of water abstracted for drinking supply that comes from groundwater. Abstraction sources include: groundwater, spring water, surface water, other sources and imported water.

Drinking water
Groundwater
Supply
Total charges for a consumption of 100m³ of water in 2015
Authors: Meyer Chloé
Published: July 2018

Total charges is expressed in US dollars. The amount of total charges is derived from the addition of total charges for drinking water, environmental charges, and VAT and/or other taxes.

The full data are available online. For more information, visit: www.waterstatistics.org

Cost
Drinking water
Use/Reuse
Global flood occurence (1985-2011)
Authors: Meyer Chloé
Published: July 2018

Flood occurrences is the number of flood recorded from 1985 to 2011. Flood counts were calculated by intersecting hydrological units with estimated flood extent polygons.

Basin
Exposure
Flood
Risk
Dams in South America
Authors: Carvalho-Resende Tales
Published: July 2018

This map provides detailed information about dams (e.g. uses, capacity, ...) in South America.

For more information, visit FAO AQUASTAT Dams Geo-referenced database: www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/dams/index.stm

Ecohydrology
Storage
Use/Reuse
Economical exposition to flood events
Authors: Seewsagur Lakshmi
Published: July 2018

This layer presents an estimation of the annual economical exposition to flood. Unit is expected average annual GDP (2010 as the year of reference) exposed (in US $, year 2000 equivalent).

For more information, visit the Global Risk Data Platform: http://preview.grid.unep.ch

Cost
Disaster
Exposure
Flood
Risk
Tropical cyclones surges events (1975-2007)
Authors: Seewsagur Lakshmi
Published: July 2018

This layer provides a compilation of estimated storm surges triggered by tropical cyclones of Saffir-Simpson category (Don't forget to zoom on the coasts!).

The Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale classifies hurricanes into five categories distinguished by the intensities of their sustained winds. To be classified as a hurricane, a tropical cyclone must have maximum sustained winds of at least 74 mph (Category 1), to winds exceeding 156 mph (Category 5).

For more information, visit the Global Risk Data Platform: http://preview.grid.unep.ch

Disaster
Exposure
Flood
Risk
Parties to the 1992 and 1997 Conventions on transboundary watercourses
Authors: Meyer Chloé
Published: July 2018

The 1992 UNECE Convention aims to protect and ensure the quantity, quality and sustainable use of transboundary water resources by facilitating cooperation, and provides an intergovernmental platform for the day-to-day development and advancement of transboundary cooperation. Negotiated as a regional instrument, it turned into a universally available legal framework for transboundary water cooperation, following the entry into force of amendments in February 2013, opening it to all UN Member States. As of 1st March 2016, countries outside the ECE region can accede to the Convention.

The 1997 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses is the only treaty governing shared freshwater resources that is of universal applicability. It is a framework convention, in the sense that it provides a framework of principles and rules that may be applied and adjusted to suit the characteristics of particular international watercourses.

Groundwater
Law
Surface water
Transboundary
Rivers and streams in the Dinaric Alps region
Authors: Meyer Chloé
Published: July 2018

This layer shows rivers and streams in the Dinaric Alps region. Data were collected in the framework of the DIKTAS project.

For more information, visit the DIKTAS project website: http://diktas.iwlearn.org/resources/projectdocuments/transboundart-diagniostics-analysis/transboundary-diagnostic-analysis-tda/view

Karst
Surface water
Transboundary
Flooding in Ayutthaya, Thailand (October 2011)
Authors: Carvalho-Resende Tales
Published: July 2018

This layer shows NASA's Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite images of Ayutthaya (Thailand) flood on October 23, 2011. Flooding forced the closure of manufacturing plants in Ayutthaya, according to news reports.

The city is a UNESCO World Heritage site. On 12 October 2011, UNESCO Bangkok announced a planned assessment of flood damage to Ayutthaya, requested by the government of Thailand.

For more information, visit NASA's Earth Observatory page: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=76234

Disaster
Flood
Population growth rate between 1992 and 2015
Authors: Seewsagur Lakshmi
Published: July 2018

This layer shows the demographic growth rate between 1992 and 2015, and provides baseline information for the analysis of the evolution of "Millenium Development Goal (MDG) 7: Ensure environmental sustainability" water-related targets.

Population
2017 UN World Water Development Report national and regional events
Authors: Meyer Chloé
Published: July 2018

This layer shows events where the United Nations World Water Development Report 2017, entitled "Wastewater, The Untapped Resource" will be featured and discussed for its launch on 22 March 2017.

The development of the WWDR, coordinated by UNESCO's World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP), is a joint effort of the UN agencies and entities which make up UN-Water, working in partnership with governments, international organizations, non-governmental organizations and other stakeholders.

For more information, visit UNESCO-WWAP page: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/water/wwap/

Waste
Number of Ramsar sites per countries
Authors: Meyer Chloé
Published: July 2018

Ramsar sites are wetlands recognized for their international importance, according to the eponymous Convention (signed in 1971, entered into force in 1975). The Convention's mission is "the conservation and wise use of all wetlands through local and national actions and international cooperation, as a contribution towards achieving sustainable development throughout the world".

As of March 2017, there are over 2200 Ramsar sites around the world, covering over 2.1 million km².

For more information about wetlands of international importance, visit the convention's website: http://www.ramsar.org/about/the-importance-of-wetlands

Biodiversity
Law
Demosites Database Ecohydrology2
Authors: Seewsagur Lakshmi
Published: July 2018

This layer presents ecohydrology engineering solutions that are used in 20 demonstration sites worldwide, which apply ecohydrology as a way of dealing with environmental challenges through engineering solutions. Since 2011, UNESCO-IHP promotes the establishment of various demosites around the world to apply ecohydrology principles and solutions in watersheds at all scales, to solve both social and environmental issues.

The full data are available online. For more information, visit the Ecohydrology Web Platform: http://ecohydrology-ihp.org/demosites/

Ecohydrology
Urban water management challenges versus intitutional and economic capacities in African cities (2012)
Authors: Meyer Chloé
Published: July 2018

This layer shows limits pose by challenges and capacities to African cities. Although the main challenges in terms of magnitude exist in the larger cities, these are also relatively better-placed in terms of institutional and economic capacity to address the problems through economies of scale. Most smaller cities lack this advantage and clearly need to focus on capacity-building as a necessary step towards improving their water and wastewater management systems.

For more information, acces the 2017 UN World Water Development Report: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/water/wwap/wwdr/2017-wastewater-the-untapped-resource/

Capacity-Building
Human settlements
Waste
Percentage of industrial wastewater discharged after treatment (2010)
Authors: Meyer Chloé
Published: July 2018

This layer shows industrial wastewater that is discharged after treatment, as a percentage of total industrial discharged in some countries of the Europe and North America region in 2010. On average, only 48.4% of wastewater was treated before being discharged.

For more information, access the 2017 UN World Water Development Report: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/water/wwap/wwdr/2017-wastewater-the-untapped-resource/

Pollution
Quality
Use/Reuse
Waste