bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of major variables for the establishment of electrolytic plasma at low power
Authors: Gallegos A. , Carrasco C. , Camurri C. , Pesenti H.
Published: January 2024

In this work, exploratory tests were carried out aimed at studying the variables that allow obtaining electrolytic plasma (PE) at low cell voltages and / or at low energy. For this, the electrolyte effects were studied, obtaining conditions that allow PE to be generated at less than 250 Vdc. The results show that the use of inert solutions with 1:12 or numerically lower and temperatures close to boiling correspond to the optimal ones to obtain plasma at low voltages. The nanograin electrode between 14 and 24 nm.
Growth of late entrant firms of the software industry: a model of multigenerational product diffusion with network effects
Authors: Pérez Patiño Ana Lucía , Robledo Velásquez Jorge
Published: January 2024

This article presents a growth model of two firms -Pioneer and Late Entrant- (hereinafter ET) in standardized software markets. The proposed model is defined based on the dynamic behavior of sales of multiple product generations, subject to network effects. In the validation, the simulations of the model are compared with the historical ones of two Pioneers: ANSYS INC. and SYMANTEC Corp. and two ETs: CIMATRON Group and Check Point Software Technologies Ltd .. It is concluded that the strategies for a Late Entrant to survive in the market are: i) invest in R&D to spread successive generations of products; ii) increase the installed base by strengthening network effects; and iii) control delays in the entry of its products compared to those of Pionera.
Assessment of severity of a flat at the rolling surface of the railway wheel
Authors: Flórez S. Elkin G. , Cardona F. Salvador , Jordi N. Lluïsa
Published: January 2024

The presence of planes, although incipient, on the rolling surface is the cause of a rapid deterioration of the wheel-rail contact with the consequences that this entails both for the environment and for the rolling stock itself. That is why the detection of these planes, before they become apparent due to their consequences, is of great interest and reason for study. This paper presents some of the results obtained in an extensive measurement campaign carried out on a line of the Barcelona Metropolitan Railway. The vibration of the rail at the passage of the wheels is detected by an accelerometer located at the foot of the rail and the exact moment when the wheels pass through the section where the accelerometer is located is determined by the shear deformation of the rail web. Different indicators are proposed and applied to the experimental records to quantify the severity of the planes. One of the aspects analyzed from the experimental data is the variation in the energy peak of the vibration detected as a function of the distance between the section where a plane hits the road and the accelerometer. This peak must be normalized to correctly establish the severity of the plane.
Composición y composición culta
Authors: Li Rong
Published: January 2024

Este artículo aborda el estudio del proceso de composición léxica desde una perspectiva diferencial, centrándose en la investigación de la formación de palabras compuestas, ya sea mediante la combinación de palabras o a partir de elementos compositivos. Además, se realiza una revisión crítica de la literatura y un análisis empírico de las voces recién sancionadas en la 23.a de Diccionario de lengua española para analizar las características de estas unidades desde cuatro rasgos gramaticales: fonología, morfología, semántica y sintaxis. Por último, se determina que ambos procesos muestran la similitud en el proceso de formación de palabras, y que la composición culta comparte algunas características con la derivación, mostrando una mayor productividad que la composición.
Indications and Neonatal Outcomes of Caesarean Delivery among Women Attending Maternity Teaching Hospital, Sulaimaniyah City, Iraq
Authors: Faris Gona
Published: January 2024

Background: Cesarean section is the most commonly performed surgical procedure in obstetrics, defined as the birth of a fetus via a surgically created incision in the anterior uterine wall. Over the past two decades, there has been a steady rise in the rate of cesarean section delivery globally. As a result, short-term and long-term maternal and neonatal complications are rising.

 

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the indications and neonatal outcomes of CS among women attending the Maternity Teaching Hospital in Sulaimaniyah city, Iraq.

 

Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional research was performed on 100 women from 12th December 2021 to 12th April 2022.

 

Results: Among participants, 50% were aged >30 years, and three-quarters were housewives. Nearly half of the mothers were multigravida and multipara, in which 64% were emergency, but only 10% underwent CS after delivery induction failure. The utmost common indications of CS were preeclampsia (16%), followed by meconium-stained liquor (12%), non-reassuring fetal heart rate pattern (10%), malpresentation, malposition, and previous C/S (8%). In most newborn babies, Apgar score level was seven and <7 minutes.

 

Conclusions: Most CS were emergency and performed for babies at full and post-term. NICU admission was associated with a low Apgar score, respiratory distress syndrome and all indications of CS.
Identifying Risk Factors for the Development of Breast Cancer among Women Attending Hiwa Hematology/Oncology Hospital in the Sulaimaniyah, Iraqi Kurdistan
Authors: Saeed Deman , Sheikha Anwar
Published: January 2024

Background: Breast cancer is the commonest female malignancy that affects 1 in 20 globally, with one out of every eight women in the west being a victim of it. To our knowledge, there is limited published data regarding the effect of risk factors on the prevalence of Breast Cancer among Iraqi Kurdish women.

 

Objectives: This study aims to identify the risk factors that might affect most women Breast Cancer in our region.

 

Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 women diagnosed with breast cancer at Hiwa Hematology/Oncology Hospital in the Sulaimaniyah province, Iraqi, from February 14th, 2021 to June 1st, 2022. Risk factors were studied in women who visited the Clinical Oncology Department.

 

Results: Patients' mean ± SD age at an early breast cancer detection was 47.33 ± 9.9 years. Most patients (89.3%) had no smoking history, 50.7% were passive smokers, only 0.3% had a history of alcohol consumption, 78% experienced anxiety, and 58% were physically inactive. Marriage and gynecological history were not protective factors. Family history of breast cancer was negative in 72.5% of patients; lactation in 75.5%, and several children lactated (31.0%) had no protective role. Regarding dietary habits, daily consumption of sweets (49.5%) and fat (45.2%) seemed to be risk factors. Red meat and poultry (84.8%) with fast food (79.3%) >2 times weekly were particularly relevant. However, daily consumption of fruits (80.7%) and vegetables (76.0%) seemed to have a preventive role in breast cancer.

 

Conclusions: Physical inactivity, passive smoking, anxiety and dietary habits were significant risk factors for the development of breast cancer among Iraqi Kurdish women. Actions aimed at enhancing physical activity and controlling other modifiable risk factors seems to be essential to reduce these risks.
The outcomes of flavectomy with foraminotomy versus hemilaminectomy with foraminotomy in patients with lumbar neurogenic intermittent claudication: A comparative study in Sulaimaniyah, Kurdistan region, Iraq
Authors: Abdalla Rawsht , Barawi Omar , Mahmood Hamid
Published: January 2024

Background: The main prominent and classical symptom of lumbar spinal stenosis is intermittent neurogenic claudication, which is characterized by pain, aching, cramping, and paresthesia in the lower extremities induced by standing, walking, and back extension. Surgical decompression is the best choice when conservative methods fail. There are various decompressive techniques have been introduced, among them flavectomy with foraminotomy (F/F) and hemilaminectomy with foraminotomy (H/F).

 

Objectives: To compare the outcomes of F/F versus H/F, in patients with neurogenic claudication and to determine the predictors that may interfere with the outcomes.

 

Materials and Methods: Twenty-one patients with lumbar spinal stenosis having neurogenic claudication were divided into two groups sequentially. The first group (n=10) underwent F/F, and the other group (n=11) underwent H/F. Follow-up was done in the first and sixth months postoperatively for postoperative complications, Oswestry disability index (ODI), claudication distance, and patients' satisfaction regarding symptoms.

 

Results: In the last follow-up, the first group, after F/F, showed improvement in walking distance as 80% reported unlimited,10% improved with >1500 m, and 10% less improved with 500 m. These cases got lesser ODI scores and mostly were <10% despite one case remaining with moderate disability. Patient satisfaction rates were higher but not significant. While those who underwent H/F, nearly 40% showed unlimited walking distance, 45% improved with >1000 m, the remaining reported less improvement, and one remained with <100 m walking distance. Their ODI scores were higher than the previous group, mostly >10%, and 2 cases remained with moderate disability and complained of remaining back ache and leg paresthesia while improving in walking distance.

 

Conclusions: both surgical procedures showed benefits in treating lumbar spinal stenosis, but F/F is better than H/F due to its high success and patient satisfaction rate. It can significantly improve a patient's quality of life by increasing postoperative walking distance, resolving neurogenic claudication, reducing ODI score, and relieving back pain, lower limbs pain, and paresthesia postoperatively. The increase in age is associated with less improvement after both procedures.
Evaluation and Comparison between three different crude oils via chemical composition and physical properties including carbon distribution
Authors: Abdalla Gashaw , Karim Abdulsalam , Hamasalh Luqman
Published: January 2024

For vast decision-making during the production process, knowing the physicochemical properties of petroleum and petroleum fractions is of major significance. Different types of crude oils from the Kurdistan Region and Iraq, namely (S for Sarqalla, K for Kirkuk, and B for Bardarash), have been compared, evaluated, and physicochemically characterized. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), Universal Oil Production (UOP), and Institute of Petroleum (IP) standard test methods were used to estimate (density (Kg/m3), API gravity, viscosity (cSt), salt content (ppm), H2S content (ppm), flash point (oC), pour point (oC), sulphur (wt%), Reid vapor pressure (psi), asphaltene (wt%), and ash content (wt%)) to know the complexity of crude oils. Crude oils were fractionated into fractions based on their true boiling point via carbon distribution, including the paraffin, naphthenic, and aromatic (PNA) composition of their fractions through the refractive index-density-Molecular weight (n-d-M) method using a standard test method of ASTM D 3238, as well as the determination of metal elements in crude oils by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Afterward, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used for the characterization of precipitated asphaltene in crude oils and their residues (+270 oC). It was found that they have very similar chemical structures.
Vibrational frequencies of entrance and exit channels of CH4 with the radical Cl atom in the van der Waals region
Authors: Sulaiman Media
Published: January 2024

Vibrational frequencies in the C-H stretching region, equilibrium structures, and the minimum energy of entrance and exit channels of radical chlorine attached to the methane molecule via van der Waals bonds are predicted via ab initio calculations. MP2 theory at the AUG-cc-pVDZ basis set is used for the calculations. Two equilibrium structures at minimum energies are predicted. A radical Cl atom attached by van der Waals bonds to a specific H atom in the CH 4 molecules in one structure. This structure has two bands of C-H vibration frequencies at 3212 cm-1 and 3222 cm -1 that are higher than the C-H vibration of pure CH4. In the second structure at the entrance channel, the chlorine atom connects to a face (tetrahedron) of CH4 by a van der Waals bond that has a deeper minimum of energy than the first structure. The rear structure has two C-H stretches of 3197 cm -1 and 3199 cm -1. Finally, the minimum energy is predicted for both the first and second structures in the entrance channel, with relative energies of -2.2 kJ mol-1 and -4.6 kJ mol-1, respectively. The structure of the exit channel shows a relative minimum energy of 25.7 kJ mol-1. Our results of the IR spectrum of harmonic vibrational frequencies are original.
Information Security as to Russian Citizens: Current State
Authors: Uvarov A. A.
Published: January 2024

The paper examines the conceptual, sectoral and practical aspects of the legal regulation of information security as to Russian citizens. Due to the development of information technologies, the growth of digital information resources, and their transnational nature, it is becoming more difficult to control the safety of using these resources in the interests of citizens. The introduction of new information technologies presents certain technical difficulties for citizens who are unprepared for them and causes some socio-psychological tension in this regard. The development of legislation on information security is closely linked to the constitutional principle of freedom of the media, which provides for some restrictions on this freedom in the interests of security in various spheres of our lives. The specifics of modern information technologies require a qualitatively new approach and an independent direction of the state’s activities to ensure the safety of both citizens and the state itself and society as a whole. It is noted that in addition to malicious information stuffing by unfriendly states, there are also their own problems associated with the low level of digital culture of citizens, problems of guaranteeing the secrecy of digital document management data, etc. Problematic areas of legal regulation in the field of information security as to citizens remain: the practice of concealing information necessary for the realization of citizens’ rights by public authorities classified as secret; unreliable and unfair advertising; distribution of information products that pose a danger to the health and normal development of children, etc. Attention is drawn to the specifics of the provision of information resources in conditions of emergency and martial law. There is a high demand for Federal Law No. 187-FZ dated 07.26.2017 «On the Security of the Critical Information Infrastructure of the Russian Federation», which made it possible to rank subjects and objects of information infrastructure depending on their scope of implementation and security objectives.
Hearing, Speech, and Language in Infants and Toddlers Born Prematurely
Authors: Hunter Lisa L. , Vannest Jennifer , Moore David R. , Barnes-Davis Maria , Blankenship Chelsea , Prather Lauren , Caldwell-Kurtzman Jody , Parikh Mehal
Published: January 2024

Worldwide, 15 million babies are “born too soon” every year (Blencowe et al., 2012; Howson et al., 2013). Remarkably, prematurity survival rates now exceed 93% across all countries. More than 360,000 preterm babies survived in the United States in 2020; 10% of all births (Blencowe et al., 2012; Howson et al., 2013). While this is an incredible achievement, preterm birth places the developing infant in a particularly vulnerable state for life-long adverse developmental outcomes. Due to improved survival rates, developmental disabilities, including hearing, visual, motor, cognitive, speech-language, and literacy deficits, have also increased (McCormick & Behrman, 2007). In addition to the medical and developmental consequences, the increased cost of raising a preterm child compared to a term-born child exceeds $134,000 or >60 billion annually in U.S. dollars, adjusted for the year 2023 (Mangham et al., 2009). In contrast, the cost of early intervention is a relative bargain, at $1,240 per preterm infant, adjusted for the year 2023 (Clements et al., 2007). Early intervention is highly likely to be effective, based on the remarkable plasticity of the newborn brain (White et al., 2013).
Critical investigation of microchannel design effect on thermal performances of a pem fuel cell
Authors: KHELALFA Khaoula , ATİA Abdelmalek , MOSSA Hocine Ben , NAROURA Ammar
Published: January 2024

A major challenge for improving the characteristics of fuel cells is to obtain uniform tempera-ture distribution during its operation, in which a major part of hydrogen chemical energy is converted to heat. If not properly exhausted, this exothermic chemical reaction causes overheat-ing in the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), leading to a reduction in their performance. Hence, analyzing different techniques for PEMFCs cooling may be necessary for this kind of energy systems. In this study, four microchannel design effect on aluminum oxide
(Al2O3) nanofluids thermal behavior in cooling plates with 1400×1800 mm2 was investigated using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation. The performances of proposed micro-channel designs were evaluated in terms of maximum and uniformity temperature. The sug-gested study has been validated by available published results from previous research studies. The obtained results depicted that the maximum temperatures have been 305.3K and 305.5K for S- character flow field and two stages coolant flow field microchannel designs, respectively. The results revealed that the multi-flow plate designs might greatly enhance the performance of PEMFCs in terms of temperature distribution in the cooling plate when compared to standard flow field designs. Another important finding was that the two stages microchannel and S-de-sign are more thermal stable compared with other microchannels.
Hydrothermal analysis of archimedean spiral single and dual channel heat sink for CPU cooling
Authors: M. RASHAD Hala , M. NAJIM Younis , H. ISMAEEL Hatem
Published: January 2024

Engineering modeling and simulation represent a predominantly design tool in the modern manufacturing industry in which the actual system is reproduced using a mathematical and scientific model. This requires CPUs with higher computational capacities. However, increas-ing the computational capacities of CPU and GPU imposes challenges in the cooling process due to space limitations. CPU liquid cooling system has attracted more interest as an efficient heat dissipation tool. This work presents computational modeling of the conjugate heat and flow for the CPU liquid heat sink cooling. An Archimedean spiral channel is grooved into the cold plate of the heat sink. Single and dual channel passes are used in this work. The out-er diameter of the cold plate is 105 mm and the channel depth is 5 mm for both single and dual-channel configurations. The conjugate heat sink model was constructed to have four different domains: CPU (alumina), glue layer (ethoxy), cold plate (copper), and liquid cool-ant (water). To incorporate the effect of turbulence, the flow rate varied to cover a range of Reynolds number from 3000 up to 15000 at a constant inlet temperature of 25 °C. The used turbulence model was the Shear Stress Transport (k-ω) to better capture the viscous, high-fre-quency flow fluctuation in the near-wall region. The bottom surface of the CPU is subjected to 450 W of heat energy. The results showed that the channel configuration and Reynolds number have a decisive impact on controlling the CPU temperature. The CPU temperature decrease as Reynolds number increases, however, the pressure drop increases at an exponen-tial rate. These findings are supported by Darcy–Weisbach equation for internal flow in which the pressure drop depends on the square of the average fluid velocity and it was noticed that the pressure drop in the dual channel was three times higher than that in the single channel. The hydrothermal performance of the Archimedean spiral channel rapidly decreased with Reynolds number and the single-channel had a slightly better performance compared with the dual-channel.
Valproic acid and ivermectin increase GABA levels to improve the viability of skin flaps in rats
Authors: Pradnyandari Gusti Ayu Putu Ratih , Riasa I. Nyoman Putu
Published: January 2024

Background: Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a nonproteinogenic amino acid known as the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Ivermectin (IVM) and valproic acid (VA), both increase GABA levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of VA and IVM on the viability of extended random-pattern skin flaps in Wistar rats and their GABA-dependent mechanisms.
Methods: This experimental study used 32 Wistar rats that underwent surgery to have caudally based extended random-pattern skin flaps divided into four distinct groups. In the first group, 0.05 mg/kg IVM was administered via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection 30 minutes (min) prior to elevating the flap. The second group was administered 100 mg/kg VA by i.p. injection 60 min prior to elevating the flap. The third group was administered VA 100 mg/kg followed by IVM 0.05 mg/kg injected (i.p.) 60 min and 30 min prior to flap elevation, respectively. The fourth group was used as a control. After 7 days, the percentage of flap viability was measured, and tissue sampling was performed to examine GABA levels.
Results: It was found that the highest viability rate was in the group administered VA combined with IVM (93.98%) compared to all other groups (p<0.001). The highest GABA levels in the tissue were observed in the group administered VA combined with IVM (284.91 nmol/l) compared to all other groups (p<0.001).
Conclusions: IVM in combination with VA improves the viability of extended random-pattern skin flaps by increasing GABA levels.
Consumption and factors associating the provision of fruits and vegetables to children in Bayelsa state of Nigeria
Authors: Osunu Patricia T. , Moyegbone John E. , Ofili Charles C. , Nwose Ezekiel U.
Published: January 2024

Background: The provision of adequate nutrition is of the utmost importance for the promotion of optimal growth and development in the early stages of human life as well as the stimulation of immune system function to combat infections. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the level of consumption and the factors affecting the provision of fruits and vegetables to children in Bayelsa state of Nigeria.
Methods: This was a population-based survey conducted among 360 parents/caregivers of children aged 5 years and below randomly selected from Bayelsa state, Nigeria. The data for this study was collected with in-person interviews utilizing a standardized questionnaire. The results were presented in frequency and percentage. The level of significance was determined using a confidence interval of 95% and p<0.05.
Results: Most of the respondents 355 (98.6%) were female with the age range 25-44 making 86.65% of the total population. Findings show that 40.8% of respondents gave their children fruits and vegetables only once a week while 3.6% gave their children fruits and vegetables 4 times and above a week. The majority of respondents 240 (66.7%) indicated that the high cost of fruits and vegetables was the main factor that affected consumption of fruits and vegetables.
Conclusions: The findings demonstrated a low consumption level of fruits and vegetables among the children in Bayelsa state. Therefore, health professionals should be obliged to educate parents and caregivers of children on adequate provision of fruits and vegetables for their children.
Diagnostic accuracy of frozen section: an institutional observational study
Authors: Mohite Sangeeta , Joshi Sujit , Bhardwaj Reena
Published: January 2024

Background: Frozen section is an important tool in rapid intra-operative diagnosis. It is commonly used during surgical procedures to detect malignancy so that modifications of surgery can be decided at the time of surgery on the table. Frozen section is also performed for evaluation of surgical margins and detection of lymph node metastasis. In addition, it is applied for detection of unknown pathological processes. The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of frozen section diagnosis in comparison to gold standard histopathological diagnosis and to find concordance and discordance rate of frozen section with histopathological report. Aim of the study was comparison between frozen section and routine formalin fixed paraffin sections in various tissues.
Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of 272 frozen section samples done in the department of pathology in Bharati Medical College and Research Centre, Dhankawdi- Pune and Excel diagnostics Pune, in Maharashtra from January 2022 to April 2023. The study included all frozen section samples with their permanent tissue samples received for final histopathological evaluation.
Results: Out of 272 cases, 268 had concordant diagnosis on frozen section and permanent paraffin embedded section. Out of 4 discordant cases, 3 showed false negative result and definite diagnosis of one case could not be given on frozen section. The overall diagnostic accuracy of frozen section was 98.52%.
Conclusions: Frozen section is a reliable intra operative diagnostic tool. Intra-operative diagnosis helps surgeon to take important intra-operative decision to avoid second surgery. Accuracy of frozen section can be improved by avoiding sampling errors and experience of the histopathologist.
Reasons behind choosing medical profession and future choice of career: a cross-sectional study among first year medical students of a college in Delhi
Authors: Mondal Anubhav , Gupta Sunanda , Charag Shweta , Ranjan Sneha
Published: January 2024

Background: The medical profession is one of the most highly appreciated jobs since it offers both financial and social fulfilment. Students' attitudes and motives for choosing a particular job are crucial. The current survey was conducted to gain an account of their reasons for choosing MBBS and what further specialization they wish to pursue at the start of their professional course.
Methods: The current study was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 176 newly enrolled MBBS students in the first semester at Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital in New Delhi, India.
Results: Most of the study participants (117, or 66.5%) were male. The participants' average age was (18.421.67) years. When asked why they chose MBBS, the majority (112,63.7%) said they always wanted to be doctors, while another minority (102,58%) said they wanted to help humanity. In terms of post-MBBS employment options, the majority (165,93.8%) desired to be medical practitioners, although some (48,27.3%) desired to be medical researchers as well.
Conclusions: Medical educators and career counsellors must understand these aspects to establish targeted treatments that support the different ambitions of future healthcare professionals. Efforts to match medical educational practices with students' motivations and career aspirations will help to cultivate a diverse and resilient healthcare system.
Menetrier's disease
Authors: Gonzalez Villar Marco Antonio , Hernandez Valdez Gustavo Adolfo , Contreras Escamilla Ivan Alejandro , Alcaraz Palomares Angel Gibran , Contreras Escamilla Juan Antonio
Published: January 2024

A clinical case of a 57-year-old female patient with history of epilepsy diagnosed in childhood, currently being treated with magnesium valproate, she presented with oral intolerance, ascites and weight loss. The initial laboratory workup was significant for hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin 18 g/L), but her liver and renal function were normal and urinalysis was negative. Panendoscopy was performed with a microscopic report: histopathology reporting findings related to hypertrophic gastropathy, gastric foveolar hyperplasia, with chronic diffuse moderate edematous gastritis without data of acute activity, with Helicobacter pylori bacilli in small quantity (+), negative for metaplasia, dysplasia and/or malignancy compatible with Menetrier disease. The patient was evaluated by the general surgery service to perform a jejunostomy and/or total gastrectomy as an adjuvant treatment for the patient. The extent of the gastrectomy to be performed is the subject of debate. The patient refused surgical treatment, so she was voluntarily discharged to an outpatient clinic to begin monoclonal treatment. The patient died 3 weeks before starting monoclonal treatment. Therefore, untreated patients have a high mortality rate due to complications.
Successful multiple-dose methotrexate therapy for unruptured repeat ectopic pregnancy with high β-human chorionic gonadotropin value: a case report
Authors: Ezeike Azuka C. , Liman Idris M. , Babandi Rukayya M. , Austin-Amadi Elizabeth O. , Nehemiah Mfon
Published: January 2024

Successfully managing an unruptured ectopic pregnancy necessitates prioritizing the preservation of fertility as the primary objective. Medical management is traditionally considered to be more successful at lower ß- human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) values. However, there is emerging evidence that successful treatment can be achieved with modification of dosage regimen in the presence of high β-HCG value. We reported the successful management of a case of unruptured repeat ectopic pregnancy in a patient with high β-HCG. Mrs PA is a 25-year-old G4P0+3 with previous right salpingectomy due to ruptured ectopic gestation who presented with an ultrasound diagnosis of unruptured left tubal ectopic gestation at a gestational age of 6 weeks. The pre-treatment quantitative β-HCG level was 7066 IU/l. She had multiple dose methotrexate therapy which was well tolerated with normalization of β-HCG levels within 44 days. Hysterosalpingography done six (6) months post-treatment demonstrated patent left fallopian tube. She subsequently had spontaneous conception of an intrauterine pregnancy 16-months post-treatment. The pregnancy was carried to term and culminated in successful delivery at term. Multiple-dose chemotherapy was successful in this patient with high β-HCG level with no reported adverse effect.
Laparoscopic ureterolithotomy: a rare case report
Authors: Ravi Dinesh Kumer , Jain Udit , Dayapule Sreedhar , Praveen Guru , Shaikh Jamal
Published: January 2024

In this era of endourology most of the ureteric calculi are managed by endourological technique. However, lap ureterolithotomy has a role in the management of large ureteric calculus with minimal complications, morbidity, early recovery and short hospital stay. Laparoscopic ureterolithotomy bridges the gap between open and endourologic procedures as it is minimally invasive and overcomes a few of the disadvantages of open ureterolithotomy. We report a case of our experience of impacted upper ureteric calculus done by laparoscopy. Here we present a case of 45 -year-old male with right loin pain with CT suggestive of impacted right upper ureteric calculus measuring 2.2×1×2.2 with moderate HDUN and good renal function. Patient underwent right transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy and, the ureteric calculi was removed successfully. Hence, we can conclude that, laparoscopic uretrolithotomy is safe for large impacted ureteric calculus with early recovery and minimal morbidity to the patient with complete clearance.
Combined congenital aortic stenosis and coarctation of aorta with severe left ventricle dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension in an infant-one case, multiple challenges
Authors: Sharma Sourabh , Sharma Kritika , Katkade Sandip
Published: January 2024

Aortic stenosis (AS) is commonly associated with coarctation of aorta (COA). Due to chronic increase in afterload, it can lead to left ventricle (LV) dysfunction and ultimately LV failure. We present a case of 10-month-old infant with combined AS and COA, complicated by severe LV dysfunction and severe Pulmonary hypertension (PH). There are no guidelines as to which condition should be treated first although both staged and combined procedure have been reported. It poses multiple challenges in the perioperative management. Although performing a balloon aortic valvuloplasty first would reduce the surgical risk for COA repair significantly, but due to lack of facilities for same in this age group, we proceeded with a high-risk COA repair via thoracotomy, avoiding the need for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Application of Aortic cross clamp was associated with a further increase in afterload and hypotension owing to severe LV dysfunction in contrast to the expected increase in proximal pressures, and required high inotrope support to manage hemodynamics. Postoperative course was challenging as well owing to severe pulmonary hypertension. Very few similar cases have been reported in literature.
A case non-traumatic neck pain managed with TECAR and conventional physiotherapy: a case report
Authors: Solanki Pavan , Chitapure Tajuddin , Kshirsagar Ashwin
Published: January 2024

Neck pain is most common musculoskeletal condition prevailing in India. About 70% have mechanical cause. Causing heavy burden on healthcare system and also on the economy. Trapezitis is an inflammation of the upper, middle, and lower trapezius muscle fibers it is the most common condition seen in Indian physiotherapy setups. The patient usually complains of pain and spam. Recent evidence is suggestive of effectiveness of conventional treatment approaches in treatment of trapezitis. This case is reporting 22-year male diagnosed with trapezitis is treated with TECAR and conventional physiotherapy. This study reports TECAR is with conventional physiotherapy is effective in treatment of pain, spasm and tenderness in patients and also shows improvement in cervical range of motion.
A rare combination of ileal duplication cyst with mesenteric cyst in 8 months old child: a case report
Authors: Wani A.  Hamid , Singh Narinder , Singh Gurbir
Published: January 2024

Enteric duplication cysts are rare congenital lesions that can develop anywhere along the alimentary tract and vary greatly in presentation, size, location and symptoms. Duplications most commonly arise from the mesenteric border of the intestine and are frequently single. These are classified as cystic or tubular. Mesenteric cysts are rare intra-abdominal lesions occurring during childhood period, which may vary in presentation and can be asymptomatic or can present as obstruction, perforation or bleeding. The diagnosis of duplication cyst is difficult due to absence of obvious pathognomic signs. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography may aid in diagnosis. Radiological imaging may not be sufficient and high index of suspicion is needed to diagnose such cases. We herein are presenting the rare case of combination of mesenteric cyst with enteric duplication cyst in 8 months old child who reported to surgical emergency with complaints of bleeding per rectum. Ileal duplication cysts are rare anomalies which are often underreported because of their vague symptomatology and radiological features are often not diagnostic. A high index of suspicion is always needed to pick up the diagnosis based on history, examination and radiological findings.
Rib resection versus rib division in two-stage oesophagectomies: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yuen Alexander , Ng Jessica , Rutherford Leigh , Parker David , Townend Philip
Published: January 2024

Background: Rib resection (removal of a portion of one rib) and rib division are different approaches used to gain exposure and access to the thoracic cavity in the two-stage oesophagectomy. The analgesic requirement, respiratory complications and physiotherapy and rehabilitation requirements of rib resection and rib division in two-stage oesophagectomy procedures for oesophageal carcinoma were compared.
Methods: Patients who underwent two-stage oesophagectomy between 2017 and 2022 were retrospectively identified. The patients were analysed in a rib resection group (n=14) and a rib division group (n=14) with regards to patient demographics, engagement with the institution’s acute pain service, analgesic requirement, incidence of pneumonia, physiotherapy and rehabilitation requirements.
Results: The overall amount of opioid analgesia used was greater in the rib division group compared to the rib resection group (674.6 versus 528.0 mg, p=0.3799). There were no significant differences in the incidence of pneumonia between the two groups (n=4 versus 1, p=0.3259). There was a trend towards longer ventilation times (0.643 versus 0.357 days, p=0.3333), increased physiotherapy (9.93 versus 9.71 days, p=0.4700), rehabilitation requirements (n=0 versus 2, p=0.1422) within the rib division compared to the rib resection group.
Conclusions: The differences in outcomes between the rib resection and rib division groups are not statistically significant and have been shown to be non-inferior in this dataset. The choice of approach should be based on individual patient factors and the surgeon's preference.
Approach of oligometastatic cancer with intent of cure- exploring the road to recovery: interim analysis
Authors: Shanmugam Subbiah , R. R. Pravenkumar
Published: January 2024

Oligometastases is a disease concept that is a state of limited systemic metastatic tumors defined in most studies as 1-3 or 1-5 metastatic lesions for which local therapy could be curative. Oligometastatic cancer has been traditionally managed by systemic therapy. With the hypothesis that not only long-term disease control, but also cure can be achieved in at least in a proportion of such patients, we analysed whether aggressive multimodality approach could become a new standard of care in highly selected patients with oligometastatic cancer. It is a case series of potentially curable oligometastatic cancers in our Institution approached with cure directed ablative/surgical procedures. An interim analysis was done after completion of all modalities of treatment and the outcomes analysed were local control/cure and disease-free survival. 15 patients were treated with curative intent which included eleven breast cancer and one each of gastric, OG junction, oesophagus, and rectal cancer. Metastases were treated with surgery in seven patients. Four patients were treated with SBRT, and EBRT was used in three other patients to treat metastases. Three patients had complete resolution of metastasis after chemotherapy. Disease-free/progression-free survival were compared with real world data where metastatic disease was treated with non-curative intent. The DFS/PFS for breast, gastric/oesophageal, and rectal cancer were 18.4 verses 6-13.3 months, 10.5 verses 5.6 months, and 15 verses 9.6 months respectively. Approaching oligometastasis with an intent of cure has shown to achieve reasonable local control/cure in our study and improve the DFS/PFS on comparison with real world data.
Gastric emphysema: a case report of an elderly female patient with vomiting
Authors: W. Abdulfattah Faroq , Alobaid Omar M. , A. Alzahrani Mohammed , Alzulfah Saad T. , I. Ali Bandar
Published: January 2024

Gastric emphysema is the presence of air in the stomach wall. it is rare radiological sign. Different etiological factors associated such as gastric outlet obstruction, trauma, severe vomiting, air from the mediastinum, and or ischemia.  The management is by different approaches depending on the underlying cause. Only a few cases published in the literature about gastric emphysema, so we published our rare case including our approach to such a disease with achievable outcomes. 88 years old female presented complaining of nausea and vomiting with stable vital signs and computed tomography (CT) findings of diffused gastric submucosal oedema and emphysematous changes appear as a linear distribution with portal vein gas involving the left hepatic lobe which was treated conservatively with successful outcome. Gastric emphysema is rare, and non-infectious entity, it is a benign condition. The patients usually present with mild, non-specific vague mild, or moderate symptoms, like epigastric pain and vomiting. The diagnosis is made by radiological studies. Initially, a plain abdominal X-ray may show gastric distension. Confirming study by CT, which is the study of choice. It has an excellent prognosis with conservative management, long-term complications are rare and complete resolution is usually achieved with conservative management, although there are few cases of recurrent disease reported in the literature.
Patent urachus in primary care: a case report
Authors: Moreira Patrícia M. , Sequeira Rafael S. , Leite Joana , Apolinário Pedro , Teixeira Delfim
Published: January 2024

Urachus, a fibrous tube extending from the umbilicus to the bladder dome, usually closes by the 12th week of gestation, transforming into the median umbilical ligament. However, urachal anomalies, more prevalent than previously believed, are increasingly detected incidentally due to expanded cross-sectional imaging. While persistent embryonic connections between the bladder and the umbilicus are commonly managed in childhood, they can persist into adulthood, leading to heightened morbidity. This case details a 19-year-old who remained asymptomatic until presenting with non-specific complaints, later diagnosed with a urachal remnant through ultrasound. Patients with persistent urachal remnants might remain asymptomatic or display lower abdominal or urinary tract symptoms, potentially causing complications. Imaging reveals distinct appearances for various urachal anomalies, with a patent urachus characterized by an elongated open connection between the bladder and umbilicus. Timely identification of potential complications such as infection and tumors is crucial for optimal management.
Prevalence, pattern and risk factors for domestic violence against men in Sokoto Metropolis of Sokoto state, Nigeria
Authors: M. Oche Oche , Adamu Habibullah , Raji Ismail , Musa Yahaya , Danmadami Abdulaziz , Ezenwoko Ahunna Z. , A. Kontagora Zainab
Published: January 2024

Background: Domestic violence against men (DVAM) is a major public health concern all over the world and remains unheard of because of the shame, guilt and embarrassment associated with it. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence, pattern, knowledge and risk factors for DVAM in Sokoto metropolis.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried to assess the prevalence, patterns and risk factors for domestic violence against men in Sokoto metropolis. Using a multistage sampling method, a total of 141 men were recruited into the study and administered with a standardized questionnaire. Data was entered and analyzed using IBM statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) statistical software version 25 and thereafter summarized using frequencies and percentages. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to determine level of associations and predictors of DVAM.
Results: Almost half (49%) of the respondents were aware of DVAM while most (73.3%) had good knowledge of violence against men. The forms of violence experienced by the respondents include psychological (90.8%), physical (20%), and Sexual (90.8%). All the respondents experienced at least one form of violence and risk factors for violence included use of alcohol and other illicit drugs and keeping late at night.
Conclusions: Men are increasingly becoming victims of domestic violence with little or no attention being given to their plight as they are seen more as the aggressors. There is a need to take a holistic approach to the issues of domestic violence generally and the domestication of laws against violence perpetrated against men.
Emotional eating patterns in a sample of Mexican adolescents
Authors: De Gracia Manuel , Trujano Patricia , Nava Carlos , Jiménez Nuria
Published: January 2024

Background: Eating patterns can be used to regulate emotions. Recent research has focused on emotional eating, aiming to determine the leading psychological causes of emotional eating based on the habits of a group of Mexican adolescent scholars that are between 15-17 years old (n=417).
Methods: Five mechanisms measured emotional aspects and eating patterns; they were analyzed with different statistical tools. 
Results: There weren't significant gender differences in the feelings of emotional restlessness between boys and girls, nor the expected feelings of anxiety, anger, frustration, and depression. There weren't variations in the types of emotional eating between the normal weight (average weight) and overweight groups. Nevertheless, there was a significant relationship between emotional eating (negative feelings) and bulimic eating patterns, showing more dependency on eating after receiving stimuli related to eating, regardless of satiety and hunger. Negative moods and emotions appeared as a result of parents trying to have more control over eating. When having obesity, there was less oral intake control, which led to the risk of overweight/obesity. Finally, less parental control over eating slightly increased the risk of overweight/obesity. However, the most risk is associated to diet restrictions and worry about food caused by fear to be overweight.
Conclusions: Obesity in children and teenagers is a public health problem. Its prevention must be a priority; therefore, knowing and working on its risk factors is urgent.
A case study of hospital contraceptive waste management practices in Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital, Awka, Anambra State
Authors: Tyotswam Yanmeer S. , Iseme Rosebella A. , Makunyi Eliphas G.
Published: January 2024

Background: Effective management of hospital waste is a critical component of a hospital’s infection control program and is central to occupational safety for healthcare workers. Thus, this study focused on the assessment of hospital contraceptive waste management practices at Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital (COOUTH) Awka, Anambra state, Nigeria.
Methods: A cross sectional analytical study was carried out among healthcare workers selected using multistage sampling technique in 6 categories of healthcare workers in COOUTH. Data was collected using a pre-tested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and a World Health Organization (WHO) checklist and analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 22. Associations and correlations between variables were tested at the bivariate level using Chi-square and t-test.
Results: A total of 86 healthcare workers were surveyed. The majority of the respondents were females, nurses with RN qualification. The mean knowledge score of the respondents was 94.8%. The attitude of healthcare workers towards segregation of hospital contraceptive waste at source point was 71% while the usage of gloves in handling hospital waste was 95.3%. The major factor affecting contraceptive waste management practices in the facility was the respondent’s cultural beliefs. The lack of funds to finance standard waste disposal methods was noted to be a significant barrier to optimum waste management practices.
Conclusions: This study showed that despite the high level of knowledge of healthcare workers on hospital contraceptive waste management practice in COOUTH, the hospital contraceptive waste management practice is not functioning optimally in Anambra state. Hence, the need to reform the hospital waste management practice to achieve functional results.