bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Reversible MnO2 Deposition‐Enabled Multicolor Electrochromic Device with Efficient Tunability of Ultraviolet–Visible Light
Authors: Wang Jinhui , Zhou Yiping , Lv Ying , Feng Ji‐fei , Wang Zhuanpei , Cai Guofa
Published: January 2024

Electrochromic technology offers exciting opportunities for smart applications such as energy‐saving and interactive systems. However, achieving dual‐band regulation together with the multicolor function is still an unmet challenge for electrochromic devices. Herein, an ingenious electrochromic strategy based on reversible manganese oxide (MnO2) electrodeposition, different from traditional ion intercalation/deintercalation‐type electrochromic materials is proposed. Such a deposition/dissolution‐based MnO2 brings an intriguing electrochromic feature of dual‐band regulation for the ultraviolet (UV) and visible lights with high optical modulation (93.2% and 93.6% at 400 and 550 nm, respectively) and remarkable optical memory. Moreover, a demonstrative smart window assembled by MnO2 and Cu electrodes delivers the electrochromic properties of effective dual‐band regulation accompanied by multicolor changes (transparent, yellow, and brown). The robust redox deposition/dissolution process endows the MnO2‐based electrochromic device with excellent rate capability and an areal capacity of 570 mAh m−2 at 0.1 mA cm−2. It is believed that the metal oxide‐based reversible electrodeposition strategy would be an attractive and promising electrochromic technology and provide a train of thought for the development of multifunctional electrochromic devices and applications.
Porous Flower‐Like Nanoarchitectures Derived from Nickel Phosphide Nanocrystals Anchored on Amorphous Vanadium Phosphate Nanosheet Nanohybrids for Superior Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Fan Jiayao , Wang Lei , Xiang Xing , Liu Ying , Shi Naien , Lin Yue , Xu Dongdong , Jiang Jiadong , Lai Yu , Bao Jianchun , Han Min
Published: January 2024

Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) and phosphates (TM‐Pis) nanostructures are promising functional materials for energy storage and conversion. Nonetheless, controllable synthesis of crystalline/amorphous heterogeneous TMPs/TM‐Pis nanohybrids or related nanoarchitectures remains challenging, and their electrocatalytic applications toward overall water splitting (OWS) are not fully explored. Herein, the Ni2P nanocrystals anchored on amorphous V‐Pi nanosheet based porous flower‐like nanohybrid architectures that are self‐supported on carbon cloth (CC) substrate (Ni2P/V‐Pi/CC) are fabricated by conformal oxidation and phosphorization of pre‐synthesized NiV‐LDH/CC. Due to the unique microstructures and strong synergistic effects of crystalline Ni2P and amorphous V‐Pi components, the obtained Ni2P/V‐Pi/CC owns abundant active sites, suitable surface/interface electronic structure and optimized adsorption‐desorption of reaction intermediates, resulting in outstanding electrocatalytic performances toward hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions in alkaline media. Correspondingly, the assembled Ni2P/V‐Pi/CC||Ni2P/V‐Pi/CC electrolyzer only needs an ultralow cell voltage (1.44 V) to deliver 10 mA cm−2 water‐splitting currents, exceeding its counterparts, recently reported bifunctional catalysts‐based devices, and Pt/C/CC||IrO2/CC pairs. Moreover, the Ni2P/V‐Pi/CC||Ni2P/V‐Pi/CC manifests remarkable stability. Also, such device shows a certain prospect for OWS in acidic media. This work may spur the development of TMPs/TMPis‐based nanohybrid architectures by combining structure and phase engineering, and push their applications in OWS or other clean energy options.
Promoting Early Writing Across the School Day
Authors: Gerde Hope K. , Seymour Taylor , Bingham Gary E. , Quinn Margaret F.
Published: January 2024

This article provides early educators with guidance for promoting early writing development by integrating writing opportunities throughout the school day.
Inequalities in public funding: Are hospital‐based dental services funding models in Australia logical?
Authors: Sundaresan Pritam Daniel , Kruger Estie , Mc Geachie John , Tennant Marc
Published: January 2024

The availability of hospital‐based dental services across Australia varies with a number of hospitals disestablishing dental departments due to rising costs. However, the perceived costs are difficult to quantify as funding models used to capture activity are not uniform across health facilities. To investigate this the predicted funding generated using current models of activity‐based funding in the provision of specialist dentistry in Australian public hospitals was examined. Using data from Fiona Stanley Hospital regarding the dental treatment for head and neck cancer patients as part of their work‐up for cancer management, expected funding was estimated using the existing fee‐for‐service and capped‐fee models currently in use. Funding estimates were based on the Department of Veterans' Affairs Fee Schedule of Dental Services and the Independent Hospital Pricing Authority's Australian Non‐Admitted Care Classification. A total of 127 patients received dental treatment over 209 appointments including 17 patients who had all their remaining teeth removed. Analysis revealed the fee‐for‐service model generated more expected funding than the current capped‐fee model, or an average of AUD$458 (USD$356) per patient. Differences in how activity was recorded resulted in 81.7% uncaptured funding between the two models. This study shows that fee‐for‐service models capture activity more accurately. However, this model is not used in public hospitals despite it being standard practice in stand‐alone public dental clinics. As a result, hospital‐based dental clinics appear to be unproductive. Further research can include developing a model that better captures both the activity undertaken as well as patient complexity.
Negotiating Germanness with Indian Religious History: Transfers of Academic Knowledge and Notions of völkisch Belief
Authors: Hannemann Tilman
Published: January 2024

Völkisch, racist, and essentialist constructions of religious belief flourished in the first half of the twentieth century. After 1933, debates on Germanness in the German Youth Movement, and among intellectuals, artists, and state functionaries helped shape the politics of national socialist (NS) institutions. Discussions that sought to ground religious experience in scientific and historical evidence, drew on a combination of the phenomenology of religion, speculations about the nature of primordial belief, biological and historical evolutionism, and race theory. The author examines the formation of a discourse in which knowledge about India was selected from the academic discipline of Indology and relocated to suit the positions of the contributors to the debate. Essentially, the field reproduced aspects of religion that emphasized confessionalism, rationality, nationalism, the arts, science, and ritual in relation to modernity.
Hakenkreuz, Swastika and Crescent: The Religious Factor in Nazi Cultural Politics Regarding India
Authors: Roy Baijayanti
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines, on the basis of under-utilized archival materials, the uses of different religions in Nazi cultural politics aimed at India between 1933 and 1939. The goal of such politics was to generate respect for Nazi Germany and project it as sympathetic to the aspirations of various groups of Indians. Nazi propaganda used different tropes for the diverse politico-religious organizations it addressed. Aryanism was an effective vehicle of propaganda for Hindu nationalists and Hindu revivalists, as well as some Buddhists, whereas purported parallels between Islam and Nazism formed the core of the overtures towards Islamists. The chapter traces the dissemination of such propaganda through a cobweb-like Nazi network that existed in the Indian subcontinent, comprising Germans as well as Indians. The chapter demonstrates how Nazi cultural politics in India, which was inconsistent in the beginning, gradually became more coherent as it began to follow the dictates of Nazi foreign policy. As the war approached, religion-based propaganda gave way to strategic support for the secular anti-colonial movement led by the Indian National Congress.
Curating the Fragments of Local Modernities: The Menaka Digital Archive from the Perspective of Ongoing Research
Authors: Schlaffke Markus , Schwaderer Isabella , Kanhai Parveen
Published: January 2024

The Menaka Archive contains a motley of scattered documents pertaining to the performances of Leila Roy-Sokhey’s Indian ballet in Europe and South Asia between 1931 and 1938. Because the contents of the archive are of varying provenance and quality, some stored under precarious conditions, they can be made accessible and assembled in ways that bring the events together in a multi-layered whole. The authors of this chapter critically reflect on the usefulness of the archive, highlight and question its limitations and link these to the global events of the time. Apart from the composition of the archive, the authors also delve into corresponding research fields to produce a surprising cross-cultural encounter that presents the disparate archival materials in a new light.
In Search of Purity: German-Speaking Vegetarians and the Lure of India (1833–1939)
Authors: Hauser Julia
Published: January 2024

In this chapter (Based on the author’s forthcoming book, A Taste of Purity), Julia Hauser argues that India played a crucial role in the German vegetarian discourse. While contacts were less direct than in Britain, references to India served to buttress the idea of Aryanism, which in the eyes of some German vegetarians assigned a prominent role to the German ‘race’ in uplifting humankind through vegetarianism. While some German vegetarians were obsessed with Aryanism, others, believing that Germany needed a strong ascetic leader, were inspired by the figure of Gandhi and his idea of non-violence. This sometimes led to a general assumption that the entire Indian subcontinent was non-violent, which of course ignored the violent aspects of Hindu nationalism.
The Indian Parsifal: Revisiting Felix Gotthelf’s Forgotten Opera Mahadeva
Authors: Schlaffke Markus
Published: January 2024

In this chapter, Markus Schlaffke describes a listening experiment designed to re-access the music of Felix Gotthelf’s Indian opera Mahadeva and to analyse the sounds of what had clearly been a significant cultural phenomenon. He approaches the Gesamtkunstwerk (total work of art) as a listening space in which differing experiences of the modern world were brought into harmony at the turn of the twentieth century and clarifies how, in 1910, the success and failure of an Indian opera depended not only on whether it produced an aesthetic innovation but also on whether it succeeded to bring the sphere of the religious, the experience of alterity, and colonial knowledge into play.
Roaming Between East and West: In Search of Religious Ecstasy in the Interwar Period
Authors: Jonker Gerdien
Published: January 2024

This chapter is about the lives of Germans seeking to escape the wrath of a society in revolt through the help of religious ecstasy in the aftermath of the First World War. The Lahore-Ahmadiyya Mosque in Berlin provided the venue in which these happenings occurred. The chapter starts with the thought that a religious experience needs to find expression in words, actions, and physical deeds before it can form part of a social reality. To grasp what the seekers did to achieve their goal, the experiences of one, Irma Safiya Gohl (1906–64), are described in detail and compared with the narratives of her peers. The focus then shifts to the Lahore missionaries who enabled these religious experiments and how they steered their way towards fulfilling their truly global aim of combining Western rationality with the ‘wisdom of the East’, a quest that led the Lahoris to introduce a reform of the Islamic tradition in India. The chapter ends with a comparison between the German and Indian perspectives.
Lipophilic arsenic compounds in the cultured green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Raab Andrea , Zhang Jinyu , Ge Ying , Fernández-Mendoza Fernando , Feldmann Jörg
Published: January 2024

In this study, arsenic (As) speciation was investigated in the freshwater alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii treated with 20 μg/L arsenate using fractionation as well as ICP-MS/ESI-MS analyses and was compared with the known As metabolite profile of wild-grown Saccharina latissima. While the total As accumulation in C. reinhardtii was about 85% lower than in S. latissima, the relative percentage of arsenolipids was significantly higher in C. reinhardtii (57.0% vs. 5.01%). As-containing hydrocarbons and phospholipids dominated the hydrophobic As profile in S. latissima, but no As-containing hydrocarbons were detectable in C. reinhardtii. Instead for the first time, an arsenoriboside-containing phytol (AsSugPhytol) was found to dominate the hydrophobic arsenicals of C. reinhardtii. Interestingly, this compound and its relatives had so far been only found in green marine microalgae, open sea plankton (mixed assemblage), and sediments but not in brown or red macroalgae. This compound family might therefore relate to differences in the arsenic metabolism between the algae phyla.
Better stoma care using the Stoma App: does it help? A first randomized double-blind clinical trial on the effect of mobile healthcare on quality of life in stoma patients
Authors: van der Storm Sebastiaan L. , Consten Esther C. J. , Govaert Marc J. P. M. , Tuynman Jurriaan B. , Oosterling Steven J. , Grotenhuis Brechtje A. , Smits Anke B. , Marsman Hendrik A. , van Rossem Charles C. , van Duyn Eino B. , de Nes Lindsey C. F. , Verdaasdonk Emiel , de Vries Reilingh Tammo S. , Vening Wouter , Bemelman Willem A. , Schijven Marlies P. ,   the Stoma APPtimize collaborative study group, Boerman Liesbeth W. E. , van den Broek Noor E. , Botman Ivonne J. C. M. , Verhoeven Danielle , Baars Valeria , van Tienderen Claudia , van Bottenberg Patricia , Hartog Judith , Buskens Christianne J. , Hompes Roel , Kusters Miranda , Walma Marieke S. , Meijs Bono
Published: January 2024

Background

Receiving a stoma significantly impacts patients’ quality of life. Coping with this new situation can be difficult, which may result in a variety of physical and psychosocial problems. It is essential to provide adequate guidance to help patients cope with their stoma, as this positively influences self-efficacy in return. Higher self-efficacy reduces psychosocial problems increasing patient’s quality of life. This study investigates whether a new mobile application, the Stoma App, improves quality of life. And if personalized guidance, timed support, and peer contact offered as an in-app surplus makes a difference.

Methods

A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted between March 2021 and April 2023. Patients aged > 18 years undergoing ileostomy or colostomy surgery, in possession of a compatible smartphone were included. The intervention group received the full version of the app containing personalized and time guidance, peer support, and generic (non-personalized) stoma-related information. The control group received a restricted version with only generic information. Primary outcome was stoma quality of life. Secondary outcomes included psychological adaption, complications, re-admittance, reoperations, and length of hospital stay.

Results

The intervention version of the app was used by 96 patients and the control version by 112 patients. After correction for confounding, the intervention group reported a significant 3.1-point improvement in stoma-related quality of life one month postoperatively (p = 0.038). On secondary outcomes, no significant improvements could be retrieved of the intervention group.

Conclusion

The Stoma App improves the quality of life of stoma patients. Peer support and personalized guidance are of significant importance in building self-efficacy. It is to be recommended to implement Stoma app—freely available software qualifying as a medical device—in standard stoma care pathways for the benefits of both patients and healthcare providers.
Frontend and backend electronics achieving flexibility and scalability for tomographic tactile sensing
Authors: Sánchez-Delgado Alberto , Garg Keshav , Scherjon Cor , Lee Hyosang
Published: January 2024

Tactile sensing is essential for robots to adequately interact with the physical world, but creating tactile sensors for the robot’s soft and flexible body surface has been a challenge. The resistance tomography-based tactile sensors have been introduced as a promising approach to creating soft tactile skins because the sensor fabrication can be greatly simplified with the aid of a computation model. This article introduces an electronic design strategy dividing frontend and backend electronics for the resistance tomography-based tactile sensors. In this scheme, the frontend is made of the piezoresistive structure and electrodes that can be changed depending on the required geometry. The backend is the electronic circuit for resistance tomography, which can be used for various frontend geometries. To evaluate the use of a unified backend for different frontend geometries, two frontend specimens with a square shape and a circular shape are tested. The minimum detectable contact force and the minimum discernible contact distance are calculated as $$0.83 \times 10^{-4}$$

0.83
×

10

-
4

 N/mm$$^2$$

2

, 2.51 mm for the square-shaped frontend and $$1.19 \times 10^{-4}$$

1.19
×

10

-
4

 N/mm$$^2$$

2

, 3.42 mm for the circular-shaped frontend. The results indicated that the proposed electronic design strategy can be used to create tactile skins with different scales and geometries while keeping the same backend design.
Probabilistic analysis of georisk from capping of contaminated sediment in Gunneklev Fjord, Norway
Authors: Le Thi Minh Hue , Lacasse Suzanne , Rønning Sigbjørn , Moseid Mari , Eek Espen
Published: January 2024

The seabed of the Gunneklev Fjord in south-eastern Norway is covered with exceptionally soft contaminated sediment containing mercury and dioxins. The sediments have an undrained shear strength less than 1 kPa and a variable thickness of up to 2.5 m. To reduce the potential for leaching of contaminants from these sediments, Hydro Energy AS developed a remediation plan involving capping of the sediment. Significant uncertainties are associated with the sediment's undrained shear strength and the cap thickness. An unfortunate combination of low shear strength and thick cap could cause slope failure (e.g. translational sliding of the sediment and/or bearing capacity failure (e.g. punching through). Failure, particularly slope failure, can cause spreading of the contaminants in the fjord causing serious consequences. This paper presents an assessment of the probability of slope failure associated with the contaminated sediment before and after the cap placement. Probability of bearing capacity failure is considered to have more local effect and is also discussed briefly. The study used the Monte Carlo method with random undrained shear strength and sediment thickness. The simulations show high slope failure probability when the seabed inclination was ≥ 1:50 combined with an average undrained shear strength ≤ 0.4 kPa. Based on the probabilistic analyses, a pilot field testing campaign was carried out (after this study) with 20-cm thickness cap in the “gentle” sloping area and 5-cm thickness in the “steep” areas to avoid causing a failure. The analyses were used to support evidence-based decision-making on the cap design and implementation for further field testing.
Sequence and Haplotype Analyses of Ligula intestinalis in Acanthobrama marmid (Cyprinidae) in Turkey
Authors: Kesik Harun Kaya , Celik Figen , Turk Cebrahil , Gunyakti Kilinc Seyma , Simsek Sami , Gul Abdurrahman
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Ligulosis caused by Ligula intestinalis adversely affects the fisheries carried out in the lakes and ponds, causing economic losses in the fish industry. In this study, it was aimed to reveal the molecular characterization of L. intestinalis isolates obtained from woodfish (Acanthobrama marmid) in Keban Dam Lake in Elazig province of Turkey by using mt-CO1 gene sequences and to determine the genetic differences and haplotypes between the isolates.

Methods

In the examination made in terms of L. intestinalis, the intestine of the fish was opened with the help of fine-tipped scissors, the contents were allowed to come out, and the parasites were taken into a petri dish containing phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Then, L. intestinalis plerocercoids were taken into 15 ml falcon tubes containing 70% ethanol and stored at − 20 °C until further analysis. From each isolate, total gDNA was extracted from the plerocercoids. A partial (480 bp) mt-CO1 gene was amplified by PCR and sequenced unidirectionally. The final size of the trimmed sequences was 392 bp for 43 sequences. Sequence and haplotype analyses were performed, followed by phylogenetic analyses.

Results

All isolates were confirmed as L. intestinalis by BLAST analysis. In addition, 87 nucleotide mutation positions were determined among 43 CO1 gene sequences. As a result of the haplotype network performed for the mt-CO1 gene region of L. intestinalis isolates; arranged in a star-like configuration with the main haplotype (Hap05), separated from other haplotypes by 1–6 mutation steps, and 29 haplotypes were identified, covering 13.9% (6/43) of the total isolates. Also, 75 variable (polymorphic) sites were determined, 52 of which were parsimony informative sites.

Conclusions

The molecular characterization of L. intestinalis in woodfish (A. marmid) was identified for the first time in Turkey.
Professionally led support groups for people living with advanced or metastatic cancer: a systematic scoping review of effectiveness and factors critical to implementation success within real-world healthcare and community settings
Authors: Li Zhicheng , Laginha Kitty-Jean , Boyle Frances , Daly Michele , Dinner Fiona , Hirsch Pia , Hobbs Kim , Kirsten Laura , Mazariego Carolyn , McAuley Ros , O’Brien Mary , O’Reilly Amanda , Taylor Natalie , Tobin Lisa , Lewis Sophie , Smith Andrea L
Published: January 2024

Purpose

To examine the effectiveness of professionally led support groups for people with advanced or metastatic cancer, and identify factors critical to implementation success within real-world settings.

Methods

Databases (MEDLINE; PsychINFO; CINAHL) and grey literature were searched for empirical publications and evaluations. Articles were screened for eligibility and data systematically extracted, charted and summarised using a modified scoping review methodology. Implementation factors were mapped using Proctor’s implementation framework and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research 2.0.

Results

A total of 1691 publications were identified; 19 were eligible for inclusion (8 randomised controlled trials, 7 qualitative studies, 2 cohort studies, 2 mixed methods studies). Most (n=18) studies focused on tumour-specific support groups. Evidence supported professionally led support groups in reducing mood disturbances (n=5), distress (i.e. traumatic stress, depression) (n=4) and pain (n=2). Other benefits included social connectedness (n=6), addressing existential distress (n=5), information and knowledge (n=6), empowerment and sense of control (n=2), relationships with families (n=2) and communication with health professionals (n=2). Thirteen studies identified factors predicting successful adoption, implementation or sustainment, including acceptability (n=12; 63%), feasibility (n=6; 32%) and appropriateness (n=1; 5%).

Key determinants of successful implementation included group leaders’ skills/experience, mode of operation, travelling distance, group composition and membership and resourcing.

Conclusions

Professionally led tumour-specific support groups demonstrate effectiveness in reducing mood disturbances, distress and pain among patients. Successful implementation hinges on factors such as leadership expertise, operational methods and resource allocation.

Implications for Cancer Survivors

Professionally led support groups may fill an important gap in supportive care for people with advanced or metastatic cancer.
Examining the Influence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Bulk Zinc Oxide on Rat Brain Functions: a Comprehensive Neurobehavioral, Antioxidant, Gene Expression, and Histopathological Investigation
Authors: Goma Amira A. , Salama Alyaa R. , Tohamy Hossam G. , Rashed Rashed R. , Shukry Mustafa , El-Kazaz Sara E.
Published: January 2024

The study aimed to assess the impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on rats’ neurobehavior compared to bulk zinc oxide (BZnO). Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups. The control group received Tween 80 (10%), while the ZnONP groups were given ZnONPs at 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight dosages, and the bulk zinc oxide (BZnO) groups received BZnO at the same dosages. Behavioral observations, neurobehavioral examinations, and assessments of brain tissue oxidative markers, neurotransmitter levels, and histopathological changes were performed. The results indicated that ZnONP at a dosage of 5 mg/kg improved general behavior, locomotor activity, memory, and recognition and reduced fearfulness in rats. Conversely, the higher dosage of 10 mg/kg and the bulk form had adverse effects on general behavior, locomotor activity, and learning ability, with the bulk form demonstrating the most severe impact—znONP-5 treatment increased antioxidant enzyme levels and decreased inflammatory markers. BZnO-5 exhibited lower oxidative stress markers, although still higher than BZnO-10. Furthermore, ZnONP-5 and BZnO-5 increased neurotransmitter levels compared to higher dosages. ZnONP-5 upregulated the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA, while BZnO-5 showed increased BDNF mRNA expression and decreased expression of genes related to apoptosis and inflammation. In summary, ZnONPs at 5 mg/kg demonstrated positive effects on rat brain function and behavior, while higher dosages and the bulk form had detrimental effects. In conclusion, the studies emphasized the importance of further assessing various doses and forms of zinc oxide on brain health, highlighting the significance of dosage considerations when using nanomaterials.
Doing Housing First und Wohnraumakquise
Authors: Sowa Frank , Tissot Anna Xymena , Sellner Nora
Published: January 2024

Wohnungslosigkeit ist in Deutschland ein bestehendes Phänomen extremster Armut. Der in den USA entwickelte Ansatz Housing First wird als Paradigmenwechsel in der Wohnungsnotfallhilfe diskutiert, indem er am dringendsten Bedarf wohnungsloser Menschen im Hilfeprozess als Erstes ansetzt: der bedingungslosen Bereitstellung einer eigenen Wohnung. Der Housing First-Ansatz wurde bereits in den USA, Kanada und europäischen Ländern erfolgreich erprobt und stellt das Menschenrecht auf Wohnen sowie die Selbstbestimmung im gesamten Hilfeprozess in den Vordergrund. Auch in Deutschland etablierten sich in den vergangenen Jahren Housing First-Modellprojekte. Ziel des explorativen Forschungsvorhabens ist es, Erkenntnisse über die Selbstverständnisse, Perspektiven und Aushandlungen zentraler Akteur*innen sowie Mechanismen der Umsetzung von solchen Modellprojekten in Nordbayern zu gewinnen, die sich als Housing First-Projekte verstehen. Dabei steht weder eine Testung der Prinzipientreue, noch die Prüfung der Mindestansprüche von Housing First-Projekten im Vordergrund der Betrachtung. Vielmehr sollen anhand qualitativer Forschungsmethoden die individuellen Erfahrungen, subjektiven Deutungen und Relevanzsetzungen der zentralen Akteur*innen im Umgang und Aushandeln mit den Housing First-Grundprinzipien in ihren Modellprojekten vor Ort rekonstruiert werden. Berücksichtigt werden die Perspektiven von Initiator*innen, Fachkräften der Wohnraumakquise, Sozialarbeiter*innen, (ausgeschiedenen) neuen Mieter*innen sowie Vermieter*innen. Die leitfadengestützten verstehenden Interviews werden mithilfe von inhaltsanalytischen sowie rekonstruktiven Methoden ausgewertet.
Further Investigation on Sexual Abuse Experiences: Revisiting the Psychometric Properties of the Sexual Abuse History Questionnaire and the Content of its Open-Ended Item
Authors: Buczó Dóra , Koós Mónika , Nagy Léna , Demetrovics Zsolt , Bőthe Beáta
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Numerous studies have assessed sexual abuse (SA) in association with psychological consequences, psychiatric disorders, or somatic disorders. However, assessing such a complex psychological construct faces both methodological and theoretical difficulties.

Method

The aim of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Sexual Abuse History Questionnaire (SAHQ) in a large, non-clinical sample (N = 24,715) and to identify other potential manifestations of sexual abuse using an open-ended question (e.g., groping, non-physical coercion, consent regarding sexual health, and the reproductive system).

Results

Two subsamples were created to perform both EFA and CFA, since no pre-established factor structure existed for the scale. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identified a one-factor structure in sexual abuse both in childhood (CSA) and adolescence/adulthood (AASA). AASA and CSA showed a moderate positive correlation in both subsamples. Both AASA and CSA correlated positively with compulsive sexual behavior, sexual dysfunction, and number of sexual partners and negatively with problematic pornography consumption, although these associations were weak. Our qualitative analysis indicated eight additional categories of SA that the scale did not measure.

Conclusions

Our quantitative analyses showed adequate reliability but insufficient criterion validity for the SAHQ. Our qualitative analyses indicated that the scale is presumably not able to measure sexual abuse in its full complexity.

Policy Implications

The present research may point to the need to apply broader definitions of sexual abuse when it comes to designing interventions or treatment for SA survivors, as they can result in more personalized, inclusive, and effective intervention programs.
Flavonoids as dual-target inhibitors against α-glucosidase and α-amylase: a systematic review of in vitro studies
Authors: Lam Thua-Phong , Tran Ngoc-Vi Nguyen , Pham Long-Hung Dinh , Lai Nghia Vo-Trong , Dang Bao-Tran Ngoc , Truong Ngoc-Lam Nguyen , Nguyen-Vo Song-Ky , Hoang Thuy-Linh , Mai Tan Thanh , Tran Thanh-Dao
Published: January 2024

Diabetes mellitus remains a major global health issue, and great attention is directed at natural therapeutics. This systematic review aimed to assess the potential of flavonoids as antidiabetic agents by investigating their inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and α-amylase, two key enzymes involved in starch digestion. Six scientific databases (PubMed, Virtual Health Library, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and WHO Global Index Medicus) were searched until August 21, 2022, for in vitro studies reporting IC50 values of purified flavonoids on α-amylase and α-glucosidase, along with corresponding data for acarbose as a positive control. A total of 339 eligible articles were analyzed, resulting in the retrieval of 1643 flavonoid structures. These structures were rigorously standardized and curated, yielding 974 unique compounds, among which 177 flavonoids exhibited inhibition of both α-glucosidase and α-amylase are presented. Quality assessment utilizing a modified CONSORT checklist and structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis were performed, revealing crucial features for the simultaneous inhibition of flavonoids against both enzymes. Moreover, the review also addressed several limitations in the current research landscape and proposed potential solutions. The curated datasets are available online at https://github.com/MedChemUMP/FDIGA.

Graphical Abstract
Combined experimental and theoretical approach to improve measurement accuracy of temperature-dependent reflectance of copper for near-infrared lasers
Authors: Mattern Manuel , Kukreja Lalit Mohan , Ostendorf Andreas
Published: January 2024

The low process stability of laser welding of copper with near-infrared lasers requires precise input data for process control and meaningful simulations. But meanwhile, available datasets of temperature-dependent reflectance or absorptance for near-infrared lasers on copper do not show good agreement between the different sources and often do not include the fusion process, which is of crucial importance for realistic laser welding simulations. Additionally, most of the datasets are only calculated. Therefore, in a previous study, temperature-dependent reflectance measurements were performed on electro tough-pitch copper using a near-infrared laser. The measurements revealed a reflectance drift, which was induced by the setup behavior during heating, and the time-dependence of chemical reactions like the redox-reaction as possible error sources. In this study, experiments on laser melting as the fundamental process of laser welding were performed, together with corresponding simulations using the measured reflectance values for oxide-reduced and for untreated copper from the previous study. Then, the simulations were compared with the experiments to estimate the accuracy of the reflectance measurements. To provide context, the same simulations were also conducted using reflectance datasets from other authors. In a second step, the reflectance data were corrected with respect to the reflectance drift and the effects of redox reactions were adapted to the conditions of the laser melting experiments. Using the resulting reflectance curves, an improved agreement of simulation results and the experiments was achieved over a range of different test cases, without the necessity of correction factors in the simulation model.
Potential of thermography for the monitoring of DED-Arc processes
Authors: Müller Johanna , Hensel Jonas
Published: January 2024

Thermography is a technique that uses, e.g., an infrared camera to visualize and measure the temperature of an object. It is often used in industrial and scientific applications to identify areas of heat loss, overheating, and other thermal anomalies. In the context of the DED-Arc (Direct Energy Deposition) process, thermography can be used to monitor the process and evaluate the temperature profile of the produced part. This can help to ensure the quality and reliability of the product, as well as to predict the resulting mechanical properties of the produced part. However, for other AM processes like LPBF (laser powder bed fusion), thermography is already used in industrial applications while for DED-Arc it is still a challenge to reliably determine the dynamically changing emission coefficient, as the emissivity strongly depends on the surface conditions. This means the emission coefficient differs for changes in surface conditions like impurities from soot and annealing colors. This work focuses on the potential of thermography for monitoring the DED-Arc process. A workflow for generating a calibration function for the emission coefficient ε is presented. In the context to the focus of this work, the resulting ε(T) function differentiates between the first three deposited layers and shows the change of emissivity for higher temperatures. This function is then used to correct the measured temperature profile with regard to different surface conditions and thus emission coefficients of a DED-Arc part.

Highlights

1. Temperature-dependent function for correcting the emissivity for DED-Arc with steel was defined.

2. Emissivity is also influenced by the purity of the surface, leading to higher emissivity coefficients in layers that are previously deposited.

3. t8/5 times are also affected by a wrongly set emission coefficient; deviations from the corrected t8/5 time depend on the cooling speed.
Textured Asymmetric Membrane Electrode Assemblies of Piezoelectric Phosphorene and Ti3C2Tx MXene Heterostructures for Enhanced Electrochemical Stability and Kinetics in LIBs
Authors: Li Yihui , Xie Juan , Wang Ruofei , Min Shugang , Xu Zewen , Ding Yangjian , Su Pengcheng , Zhang Xingmin , Wei Liyu , Li Jing-Feng , Chu Zhaoqiang , Sun Jingyu , Huang Cheng
Published: January 2024

Black phosphorus with a superior theoretical capacity (2596 mAh g−1) and high conductivity is regarded as one of the powerful candidates for lithium-ion battery (LIB) anode materials, whereas the severe volume expansion and sluggish kinetics still impede its applications in LIBs. By contrast, the exfoliated two-dimensional phosphorene owns negligible volume variation, and its intrinsic piezoelectricity is considered to be beneficial to the Li-ion transfer kinetics, while its positive influence has not been discussed yet. Herein, a phosphorene/MXene heterostructure-textured nanopiezocomposite is proposed with even phosphorene distribution and enhanced piezo-electrochemical coupling as an applicable free-standing asymmetric membrane electrode beyond the skin effect for enhanced Li-ion storage. The experimental and simulation analysis reveals that the embedded phosphorene nanosheets not only provide abundant active sites for Li-ions, but also endow the nanocomposite with favorable piezoelectricity, thus promoting the Li-ion transfer kinetics by generating the piezoelectric field serving as an extra accelerator. By waltzing with the MXene framework, the optimized electrode exhibits enhanced kinetics and stability, achieving stable cycling performances for 1,000 cycles at 2 A g−1, and delivering a high reversible capacity of 524 mAh g−1 at − 20 ℃, indicating the positive influence of the structural merits of self-assembled nanopiezocomposites on promoting stability and kinetics.
Thermal Analysis of Ductile Iron: A New Way to Predict the Mechanical Properties
Authors: Schüssler J. , Bührig-Polaczek A.
Published: January 2024

Thermal analysis is characterized by the recording and evaluation of the temperature curve over time. Due to the correlation between transformation temperatures and chemical composition, thermal analysis is used to determine the carbon and silicon content. Furthermore, the aim is to be able to predict mechanical properties by thermal analysis. However, all current prediction methods refer to the cooling conditions in the investigated casting area and do not allow any transfer to other cooling conditions. There is a lack of a direct and automatic prediction of the mechanical properties from the thermal analysis before casting and transfer to other cooling conditions. For this study, cooling curves from the last 10 years at the Foundry Institute at RWTH Aachen University were evaluated and correlated with the mechanical properties from castings with three different thermal modules. The results of this empirical regression analysis are equations for the investigated mechanical parameters, which can be automatically filled with the characteristic times and temperatures of a thermal analysis in the casting process and the thermal modulus from the casting. For this modulus, the user can insert a corresponding value of the structural casting part that is relevant to the quality requirements in the foundry.
3D simulation of pulsatile bubbly flow resembling decompression sickness conditions inside a realistic human artery
Authors: Evgenidis Sotiris P. , Karapantsios Thodoris D.
Published: January 2024

I-VED (In-Vivo Embolic Detector) is a novel diagnostic tool for non-invasive, real-time detection of bubbles in humans. Bubbles are precursors of decompression sickness (DCS), which can be encountered in astronauts, scuba divers, etc. I-VED exploits an EU patented electrical impedance spectroscopy technology, developed under the umbrella of a European Space Agency project. So far, I-VED has been calibrated and validated in vitro. In view of the forthcoming in-vivo trials, it needs to be configured for sensing bubbles in the bloodstream. For this, 3D computational fluid dynamics simulation is performed to investigate axial and radial variation of void fraction (α) and flow velocity (U) in a pulsatile bubbly flow inside a realistic human artery (diameter: 5–20 mm, implying vessel dilatation or contraction), where liquid velocity, bubble size, and void fraction resemble DCS conditions. Results show that U and α show a core-peaking profile despite the variation of artery diameter, while 3D sharp turns yield U and α non-uniformities in the angular direction that do not affect mean void fraction across the artery. Obtained knowledge allows deeper insight on the physics and spatial characteristics of bubbly flow in a real artery, which is useful in the design of measuring volume and tuning of I-VED.
A GMEE-WFED System: Optimizing Wind Turbine Distribution for Enhanced Renewable Energy Generation in the Future
Authors: Salman Mahdi Abed , Mahdi Muhammed Abaid , Al-Janabi Samaher
Published: January 2024

This paper presents the Generation Max Electrical Energy from Wind Friendly Environment Database (GMEE-WFED) system, a groundbreaking innovation aimed at enhancement the performance and energy output of wind power generation stations. The GMEE-WFED system has been meticulously designed to provide precise wind power forecasting within distributed turbine systems, facilitating the seamless integration of renewable energy into the grid. This forecasting is enabled by the utilization of the Spatial Dynamic Wind Power Forecasting (SDWPF) dataset, which takes into account the spatial distribution and dynamic characteristics of wind turbines. The GMEE-WFED system comprises five layers, each offering unique advantages. The first layer, referred to as the "Best Distribution of Turbines Based on DOA (BDT-DOA)," is designed to achieve the following objectives: (a) increase power generation, (b) determine the optimal coordinates (x, y) for each turbine, and (c) distribute turbines based on the best locations. The second layer, named the "Effect Features Layer (EF)," focuses on: (a) identifying the impact of features on wind power generation, (b) streamlining implementation time, and (c) reducing computational demands. The third layer, denoted as the "Average and Shifting up Target Layer (AEH-SUV)," serves the purposes of: (a) enhancing accuracy by calculating feature averages, and (b) predicting future active power through target shifting at different intervals (ranging from 1 to 6 h). Meanwhile, the fourth layer is associated with the development of a prediction model based on a deep learning technique known as "Deep Learning-Long Short-Term Memory (DL-LSTM) Layer," which is utilized for: (a) forecasting future energy production, (b) evaluating model accuracy at varying intervals, and (c) assessing overall model effectiveness. The final layer is also dedicated to constructing a prediction model, but it leverages a different deep learning technique called "Deep Learning Gate Recurrent Unit (DL-GRU)." These models contribute to accurate wind power predictions at various intervals and ensure the overall effectiveness of the system. Experimental results have shown that DL-GRU outperforms DL-LSTM in all shifting cases, underscoring the system's effectiveness in predicting future wind power generation and forecasting accuracy. As a result, the GMEE-WFED system is a pioneering approach that enhances wind DC-power generation forecasting. The GMEE-WFED system, with its intricate layers and advanced modeling techniques, represents a significant leap forward in harnessing the potential of wind energy for a more sustainable future.
Variations in Hospital Admissions of Non-Communicable Disease Patients Before and During The COVID-19 Pandemic (A Tertiary Care Setting, January 2018–June 2021)
Authors: Kara Seyma Aliye , Cakir Banu
Published: January 2024

Background

This study aimed to analyze the variations (if any) in hospital admissions of patients with any of the five common non-communicable diseases (NCDs), based on secondary analysis of electronic health records of patients admitted to Hacettepe University Hospitals at least once, from January 1, 2018 through June 15, 2021.

Design

Data were recruited from hospital’s electronic health records on patients with diagnoses of ischemic heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, using relevant ICD-10 codes.

Results

Compared to the corresponding time span in the pre-pandemic period, the number of hospital admissions of patients with selected five NCDs significantly decreased during the pandemic, with an official start in Turkey on March 11, 2020. Number of total-, out-patient-, and in-patient admissions of NCD patients were significantly lower in the pandemic period compared to the expected values in time series analysis, controlling for patient characteristics, and seasonality.

Conclusions

Study findings suggest that there has been a prominent impediment in NCD patients’ access to, and/or use of health care services over the pandemic, which might evolve to higher admission rates, severity and fatality of such patients in the upcoming years. Further studies are warranted for confirmation of our findings in other care settings, with individual-based data on care compensation through settings other than regular admission sites (if any), and/or the reasons for under-use of services.
Kamba Proverbs from Eastern Kenya
Authors: Kitunda Jeremiah M
Published: January 2024

A unique historical and linguistic resource for those in anthropology, art, folklore, history, linguistics, literature, psychology, religion, sociology, and environmental studies, as well as performers and poets.
Consumer Willingness to Pay for Visually Imperfect Organic Kale
Authors: Behler Shane , de Figueiredo Silva Felipe , Vassalos Michael , Ureta Joan U.
Published: January 2024

Cosmetic standards implemented by grocery stores are a substantial barrier to farmers who want to market visually imperfect (VI) produce. However, in recent years, efforts to market VI produce grocery stores have increased. In this study, we estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) for VI organic kale in the Southeastern U.S. using a payment card approach. The results indicate that WTP does not increase when additional information is provided, decreases when areas of imperfections are highlighted, and it is impacted by several consumer characteristics. A profitability case study for a large organic kale producer is also presented.
Disturbance observer-based fixed-time control for hypersonic morphing vehicles with uncertainties
Authors: Zhang H. , Wang P. , Tang G. , Bao W.
Published: January 2024

The attitude-tracking problem of hypersonic morphing vehicles (HMVs) is investigated in this research. After introducing variable-span wings, the optimal aerodynamic shape is available throughout the entire flight mission. However, the morphing wings cause significant changes in aerodynamic coefficients and mass distribution, challenging the attitude control. Therefore, a complete design procedure for the flight control system is proposed to address the issue. Firstly, the original model and the control-oriented model of HMVs are built. Secondly, in order to eliminate the influence caused by the multisource uncertainties, an adaptive fixed-time disturbance observer combined with fuzzy control theory is established. Thirdly, the fixed-time control method is developed to stabilise hypersonic morphing vehicles based on a multivariable sliding mode manifold. The control input can be obtained directly. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is proved with the help of the Lyapunov theory and simulation results.