bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The uptake of WHO-recommended birth preparedness and complication readiness messages during pregnancy and its determinants among Ethiopian women: A multilevel mixed-effect analyses of 2016 demographic health survey
Authors: Habte Aklilu , Tamene Aiggan , Woldeyohannes Demelash
Published: March 2023

Background

Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) is a package of interventions recommended by the World Health Organization to improve maternal and newborn health and it is provided and implemented through a focused antenatal care program. This study aimed at assessing the uptake of birth preparedness and complication readiness messages, and compliance with each key message, among Ethiopian women during their recent pregnancies using the 2016 demographic health survey report.

Methods

The data for this study was taken from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey, which was conducted from January to June 2016 and covered all administrative regions. STATA version 16 was used to analyze a total of 4,712 (with a weighted frequency of 4,771.49) women. A multilevel mixed-effects logistic, and multilevel mixed-effect negative binomial regressions were fitted, respectively. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and Incidence rate ratio (IRR) with their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to report significant determinants.

Results

More than half, 56.02% [95% CI: 54.58, 57.41] of women received at least one birth preparedness and complication readiness message. Being in the richest wealth quintiles (AOR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.43, 3.73), having two birth/s in the last five years (AOR = 1.54; 95% CI: 1.13, 2.10), receiving four or more antenatal visits(AOR = 3.33; 95% CI: 2.49, 4.45), and reading a newspaper at least once a week (AOR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.65) were the individual‑level factors, whereas regions and residence(AOR = 1.54; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.96) were the community-level factors associated with the uptake of at least one BPCR message. On the other hand, receiving four or more antenatal visits (IRR = 2.78; 95% CI: 2.09, 3.71), getting permission to go to a health facility (IRR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.028, 1.38), and not covered by health insurance schemes (IRR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.95) were identified as significant predictors of receiving key birth preparedness and complication readiness messages.

Conclusion

The overall uptake of the WHO-recommended birth readiness and complication readiness message and compliance with each message in Ethiopia was found to be low. Managers and healthcare providers in the health sector must work to increase the number of antenatal visits. Policymakers should prioritize the implementation of activities and interventions that increase women’s autonomy in decision-making, job opportunity, and economic capability to enhance their health-seeking behavior. The local administrative bodies should also work to enhance household enrollment in health insurance schemes.
Effect of silvopasture system on fearfulness and leg health in fast-growing broiler chickens
Authors: Paneru Bidur , Pent Gabriel J. , Nastasi Shawna , Downing Adam K. , Munsell John F. , Fike John H. , Jacobs Leonie
Published: March 2023

A silvopasture system intentionally integrates trees, forages, and livestock, allowing dual land use. These systems can provide high-quality habitat for broiler chickens; however, such systems have not been widely adopted by the broiler industry in the United States. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of silvopasture versus open pasture access on fearfulness and leg health in fast-growing broiler chickens. A total of 886 mixed-sex Ross 708 chicks in Experiment 1 (Exp 1) and 648 chicks in Experiment 2 (Exp 2) were housed in coops and had access to 16 (Exp 1) or 12 (Exp 2) 125m2 silvopasture plots (x̄ = 32% canopy cover) or open pasture plots (no canopy cover) from day 24 of age. Fearfulness was measured using a tonic immobility test (tonic immobility duration), and leg health was assessed by quantifying footpad dermatitis, hock burns, gait, and performing a latency-to-lie test on days 37–39 of age. Birds in the silvopasture treatment were less fearful than birds in the open pasture treatment. Overall, birds in both silvopasture and open pasture systems had excellent leg health. Silvopasture birds had lower footpad dermatitis scores than open pasture birds. Silvopasture birds tended to have worse gait than open pasture birds in Exp 1, but not in Exp 2. Hock burn scores and latency-to-lie did not differ between treatments in Exp 1 or Exp 2. Raising birds in silvopasture reduced fear and improved footpad health compared to birds raised in open pastures, which indicates that silvopasture systems provide some benefits for affective state and leg health in fast-growing broilers.
A highly efficient and accurate method of detecting and subtyping Influenza A pdm H1N1 and H3N2 viruses with newly emerging mutations in the matrix gene in Eastern Taiwan
Authors: Yang Hui-Hua , Huang I-Tsong , Wu Ren-Chieh , Chen Li-Kuang
Published: March 2023

The rapid identification of Influenza A virus and its variants, which cause severe respiratory diseases, is imperative to providing timely treatment and improving patient outcomes. Conventionally, two separate assays (total test duration of up to 6 h) are required to initially differentiate Influenza A and B viruses and subsequently distinguish the pdm H1N1 and H3N2 serotypes of Influenza A virus. In this study, we developed a multiplex real-time RT-PCR method for simultaneously detecting Influenza A and B viruses and subtyping Influenza A virus, with a substantially reduced test duration. Clinical specimens from hospitalized patients and outpatients with influenza-like symptoms in Eastern Taiwan were collected between 2011 and 2015, transported to Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, and analyzed. Conventional RT-PCR was used to subtype the isolated Influenza A viruses. Thereafter, for rapid identification, the multiplex real-time RT-PCR method was developed and applied to identify the conserved regions that aligned with the available primers and probes. Accordingly, a multiplex RT-PCR assay with three groups of primers and probes (MAF and MAR primers and MA probe; InfAF and InfAR primers and InfA probe; and MBF and MBR primers and MB probe) was established to distinguish these viruses in the same reaction. Thus, with this multiplex RT-PCR assay, Influenza B, Influenza A pdm H1N1, and Influenza A H3N2 viruses were accurately detected and differentiated within only 2.5 h. This multiplex RT-PCR assay showed similar analytical sensitivity to the conventional singleplex assay. Further, the phylogenetic analyses of our samples revealed that the characteristics of these viruses were different from those reported previously using samples collected during 2012–2013. In conclusion, we developed a multiplex real-time RT-PCR method for highly efficient and accurate detection and differentiation of Influenza A and B viruses and subtyping Influenza A virus with a substantially reduced test duration for diagnosis.
Using targeted sequencing and TaqMan approaches to detect acaricide (bifenthrin, bifenazate, and etoxazole) resistance associated SNPs in Tetranychus urticae collected from peppermint fields and hop yards
Authors: Shumate Silas , Haylett Maggie , Nelson Brenda , Young Nicole , Lamour Kurt , Walsh Doug , Bradford Benjamin , Clements Justin
Published: March 2023

Tetranychus urticae (Koch) is an economically important pest of many agricultural commodities world-wide. Multiple acaricides, including bifenazate, bifenthrin, and extoxazole, are currently registered to control T. urticae. However, populations of T. urticae in many different growing regions have developed acaricide resistance through multiple mechanisms. Within T. urticae, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been documented in different genes which are associated with acaricide resistance phenotypes. The detection of these mutations through TaqMan qPCR has been suggested as a practical, quick, and reliable tool to inform agricultural producers of acaricide resistance phenotypes present within their fields and have potential utility for making appropriate acaricide application and integrated pest management decisions. Within this investigation we examined the use of a TaqMan qPCR-based approach to determine genotypes which have been previously associated with acaricide resistance in field-collected populations of T. urticae from peppermint fields and hop yards in the Pacific Northwest of the United States and confirmed the results with a multiplex targeted sequencing. The results suggest that a TaqMan qPCR approach accurately genotypes T. urticae populations for SNPs that have been linked to Bifenazate, Bifenthrin, and Etoxazole resistance. The results also demonstrated that different populations of mites in Washington and Idaho displayed varying frequencies of the examined SNPs. While we were able to detect the SNPs associated with the examined acaricides, the mutation G126S was not an appropriate or accurate indicator for bifenazate resistance.
Composing games into complex institutions
Authors: Frey Seth , Hedges Jules , Tan Joshua , Zahn Philipp
Published: March 2023

Game theory is used by all behavioral sciences, but its development has long centered around the economic interpretation of equilibrium outcomes in relatively simple games and toy systems. But game theory has another potential use: the high-level design of large game compositions that express complex architectures and represent real-world institutions faithfully. Compositional game theory, grounded in the mathematics underlying programming languages, and introduced here as a general computational framework, increases the parsimony of game representations with abstraction and modularity, accelerates search and design, and helps theorists across disciplines express real-world institutional complexity in well-defined ways. Relative to existing approaches in game theory, compositional game theory is especially promising for solving game systems with long-range dependencies, for comparing large numbers of structurally related games, and for nesting games into the larger logical or strategic flows typical of real world policy or institutional systems.
Effects of acupuncture on age-related macular degeneration: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Sun Wu , Zhao Yuwei , Liao Liang , Wang Xueyao , Wei Qiping , Chao Guojun , Zhou Jian
Published: March 2023

Background

In recent years, an increasing number of patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have received acupuncture treatment, but there has been no systematic review to evaluate the effect of acupuncture on patients with AMD.

Purpose

This meta-analysis aims to review the clinical efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of AMD.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials up to September 4, 2022 were searched in the following databases: PubMed, Ovid Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, The Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, VIP, Wanfang, and SINOMED. Two reviewers independently performed literature screening and data extraction. RevMan 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis.

Results

Nine of the 226 articles were finally included. A total of 508 AMD patients (631 eyes) were enrolled, including 360 dry eyes and 271 wet eyes. The results showed that acupuncture alone or as an adjunct therapy improved both the clinical efficacy and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of AMD patients and reduced their central macular thickness. The certainty of the evidence ranged from "low" to "very low".

Conclusion

There is no high-quality evidence that acupuncture is effective in treating patients with AMD; patients with dry AMD may benefit from acupuncture treatment. Considering the potential of acupuncture treatment for AMD, it is necessary to conduct a rigorously designed randomized controlled trials to verify its efficacy.
Estimating pulsatile ocular blood volume from intraocular pressure, ocular pulse amplitude, and axial length
Authors: Somogye Ryan H. , Roberts Cynthia J. , Spoerl Eberhard , Pillunat Karin R. , Pillunat Lutz E. , Small Robert H.
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to develop a method of estimating pulsatile ocular blood volume (POBV) from measurements taken during an ophthalmic exam, including axial length and using a tonometer capable of measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular pulse amplitude (OPA). Unpublished OPA data from a previous invasive study was used in the derivation, along with central corneal thickness (CCT) and axial length (AL), as well as IOP from the PASCAL dynamic contour tonometer (DCT) and intracameral (ICM) measurements of IOP for 60 cataract patients. Intracameral mean pressure was set to 15, 20, and 35 mmHg (randomized sequence) in the supine position, using a fluid-filled manometer. IOP and OPA measurements were acquired at each manometric setpoint (DCT and ICM simultaneously). In the current study, ocular rigidity (OR) was estimated using a published significant relationship of OR to the natural log of AL in which OR was invasively measured through fluid injection. Friedenwald’s original pressure volume relationship was then used to derive the estimated POBV, delivered to the choroid with each heartbeat as a function of OR, systolic IOP (IOPsys), diastolic IOP (IOPdia), and OPA, according to the derived equation POBV = log (IOPsys/IOPdia) / OR. Linear regression analyses were performed comparing OPA to OR and calculated POBV at each of the three manometric setpoints. POBV was also compared to OPA/IOPdiawith all data points combined. Significance threshold was p < 0.05. OR estimated from AL showed a significant positive relationship to OPA for both DCT (p < 0.011) and ICM (p < 0.006) at all three manometric pressure setpoints, with a greater slope for lower IOP. Calculated POBV also showed a significant positive relationship to OPA (p < 0.001) at all three setpoints with greater slope at lower IOP, and a significant negative relationship with IOPdia. In the combined analysis, POBV showed a significant positive relationship to OPA/ IOPdia(p < 0.001) in both ICM and DCT measurements with R2= 0.9685, and R2= 0.9589, respectively. POBV provides a straight-forward, clinically applicable method to estimate ocular blood supply noninvasively. Higher IOP in combination with lower OPA results in the lowest values of POBV. The simplified ratio, OPA/ IOPdia, may also provide a useful clinical tool for evaluating changes in ocular blood supply in diseases with a vascular component, such as diabetic retinopathy and normal tension glaucoma. Future studies are warranted.
More emergency patients presenting with chest pain
Authors: Lindskou Tim Alex , Andersen Patricia Jessen , Christensen Erika Frischknecht , Søvsø Morten Breinholt
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Throughout recent years the demand for prehospital emergency care has increased significantly. Non-traumatic chest pain is one of the most frequent complaints. Our aim was to investigate the trend in frequency of the most urgent ambulance patients with chest pain, subsequent acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnoses, and 48-hour and 30-day mortality of both groups.

Methods

Population-based historic cohort study in the North Denmark Region during 2012–2018 including chest pain patients transported to hospital by highest urgency level ambulance following a 1-1-2 emergency call. Primary diagnoses (ICD-10) were retrieved from the regional Patient Administrative System, and descriptive statistics (distribution, frequency) performed. We evaluated time trends using linear regression, and mortality (48 hours and 30 days) was assessed by the Kaplan Meier estimator.

Results

We included 18,971 chest pain patients, 33.9% (n = 6,430) were diagnosed with”Diseases of the circulatory system” followed by the non-specific R- (n = 5,288, 27.8%) and Z-diagnoses (n = 3,634; 19.2%). AMI was diagnosed in 1,967 patients (10.4%), most were non-ST-elevation AMI (39.7%). Frequency of chest pain patients and AMI increased 255 and 22 patients per year respectively, whereas the AMI proportion remained statistically stable, with a tendency towards a decrease in the last years. Mortality at 48 hours and day 30 in chest pain patients was 0.7% (95% CI 0.5% to 0.8%) and 2.4% (95% CI 2.1% to 2.6%).

Conclusions

The frequency of chest pain patients brought to hospital during 2012–2018 increased. One-tenth were diagnosed with AMI, and the proportion of AMI patients was stable. Almost 1 in of 4 high urgency level ambulances was sent to chest pain patients. Only 1 of 10 patients with chest pain had AMI, and overall mortality was low. Thus, monitoring the number of chest pain patients and AMI diagnoses should be considered to evaluate ambulance utilisation and triage.
Multigene typing of Giardia Duodenalis isolated from tuberculosis and non-tuberculosis subjects
Authors: Mohammad Rahimi Hanieh , Javanmard Ehsan , Taghipour Ali , Haghighi Ali , Mirjalali Hamed
Published: March 2023

Giardia duodenalis is a cryptic protozoan, which has eight assemblages (A-H). Assemblages A and B are the main genotypes reported from humans with probable anthroponotic and zoonotic transmission. The current study aimed to characterize G. duodenalis assemblages in tuberculosis (TB) patients and healthy subjects using multilocus genotyping (MLG). Thirty Giardia-positive stool samples, which were obtained from TB patients and healthy subjects were included in the study. After total DNA extraction, three β-giardin (bg), triosephosphate isomerase (tpi), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) genes were amplified and sequenced. Obtained sequences were compared to the GenBank database to characterize assemblages. Phylogenetic analysis using Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Tamura 3-parameter was performed for each gene. From 30 Giardia-positive subjects, 17 (57%) and 13 (43%) were from healthy and TB-infected subjects, respectively. There was no significant co-existence of Giardia and tuberculosis (P-value = 0.051). In addition, 14 (46.7%) and 16 (53.3%) of Giardia isolates were from asymptomatic and symptomatic subjects, respectively. PCR amplification was successful in 25 single samples (83.3%) consisted of 20 for tpi, 15 for bg, and 13 for gdh genes. Accordingly, 13/25 (52%) and 8/25 (32%) belonged to assemblage A and assemblages B, respectively, whereas 4/25 (16%) were either assemblage A or B with different genes at the same time. Significant correlation between assemblages and TB, age, and symptoms was not seen. The phylogenetic analyses represented no separation based on TB and gastrointestinal symptoms. Assemblage A was the predominant genotype in samples. The high frequency of assemblage AII indicated importance of anthroponotic transmission of Giardia in both healthy and TB patients. In addition, considering the exclusive reports of sub-assemblage AIII in wild ruminants, the presence of AIII in the current study have to be carefully interpreted. The inconsistency between the assemblage results of either bg or gdh loci with tpi gene signifies the insufficiency of single gene analysis and the necessity for MLG in molecular epidemiology of G. duodenalis.
Identification PMS1 and PMS2 as potential meiotic substrates of CDK2 activity
Authors: Palmer Nathan , Talib S. Zakiah A. , Goh Christine M. F. , Biswas Kajal , Sharan Shyam K. , Kaldis Philipp
Published: March 2023

Cyclin dependent-kinase 2 (CDK2) plays important functions during the mitotic cell cycle and also facilitates several key events during germ cell development. The majority of CDK2’s known meiotic functions occur during prophase of the first meiotic division. Here, CDK2 is involved in the regulation of meiotic transcription, the pairing of homologous chromosomes, and the maturation of meiotic crossover sites. Despite that some of the CDK2 substrates are known, few of them display functions in meiosis. Here, we investigate potential meiotic CDK2 substrates using in silico and in vitro approaches. We find that CDK2 phosphorylates PMS2 at Thr337, PMS1 at Thr331, and MLH1 in vitro. Phosphorylation of PMS2 affects its interaction with MLH1 to some degree. In testis extracts from mice lacking Cdk2, there are changes in expression of PMS2, MSH2, and HEI10, which may be reflective of the loss of CDK2 phosphorylation. Our work has uncovered a few CDK2 substrates with meiotic functions, which will have to be verified in vivo. A better understanding of the CDK2 substrates will help us to gain deeper insight into the functions of this universal kinase.
Relationship between the Use of ICT in Secondary Education Music Teaching and Teachers’ Beliefs
Authors: Colás-Bravo Pilar , Hernández-Portero Guadalupe
Published: March 2023

The use of ICT in teaching has ostensibly increased over the last few years, especially due to distance teaching imposed during the pandemic. Our study aims to understand how Music teachers use ICT and how it relates to their beliefs regarding its pedagogical value for teaching and learning. We adopt a quantitative methodology based on a survey-type design first and an ex post facto design in the second stage. The results show limited use of ICT among secondary school Music teachers generally, and how its degree of use (high, medium, low) correlates with their beliefs regarding their pedagogical value, i.e., higher value leads to more frequent use. Therefore, ICT use should be promoted to reach broader acceptance and integration in Music teaching.
Condiciones laborales y transformaciones en significados del trabajo en inmigrantes profesionales colombianos en Rancagua, Chile
Authors: Cataño Ingrid , Andrade Jaramillo Verónica
Published: March 2023

Se estudió la relación entre las condiciones laborales y las transformaciones en los significados del trabajo (ST) en colombianos profesionales migrantes en Rancagua(Chile). Se usó diseño narrativo biográfico, con relatos de vida, con entrevistas semiestructuradas a siete participantes. Se encontró que los ST se configuran según las condiciones laborales en cada contexto laboral sea del país de origen o destino. Los ST se modificaron al pasar de concebirse desde la subsistencia, a la autorrealización y valoraciones intrínsecas. Lo hallado se asocia con la fuga de cerebros para el país de origen.
Revisión y perspectivas para la construcción de bases de datos robustas con datos faltantes: caso aplicado a información financiera
Authors: Romero Gustavo Andrès , González Prieto Cristian Andrés , Díaz Barriosnuevos María Angélica , Rueda Menjura Nataly Alejandra
Published: March 2023

Contexto: Se propone un conjunto de opciones que ayudan a determinar el método más adecuado para subsanar en bases de datos de tamaño apreciable, condiciones iniciales de datos faltantes y que serán utilizadas en procesos de investigación.
Metodología: El presente artículo aborda una propuesta para el desarrollo y manejo de bases de datos robustas como el caso de registros financieros, enfocándose desde el proceso knowledge discovery in databases (KDD).
Resultados: Se desarrolla y prueba una metodología utilizando tres técnicas de imputación en una base de datos construida a partir de 1 253 280 registros financieros de 2238 empresas y que representan siete años de su actividad económica en la localidad de Chapinero, en la ciudad de Bogotá D. C.
Conclusiones: Se realiza un comparativo de los métodos de imputación como factor determinante para la elección del método de imputación y consolidación de la base para su posterior uso.
Financiamiento: Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores.
El sector de la construcción en el departamento del Cauca: ¿una locomotora de crecimiento en el corto y largo plazo?
Authors: Gomez-Sanchez Andres Mauricio , Ramírez-Gutiérrez Zoraida , Rivadeneira-Daza Jorge Luis
Published: March 2023

Contexto: La teoría del crecimiento económico ha sostenido que el sector de la construcción es un jalonador del nivel de actividad económica a largo plazo, sobre todo en países emergentes como Colombia. Sin embargo, esta hipótesis podría no ser cierta para ciudades intermedias como Popayán, debido a que las dinámicas económicas no son semejantes a las de ciudades grandes.
Método: Inicialmente se implementa un modelo autorregresivo de rezagos distribuidos (ARDL, por su sigla en inglés) y un modelo de corrección del error vectorial (VMCE, por su sigla en inglés) para hallar la relación a largo plazo; posteriormente se utiliza un modelo de vectores autorregresivos (VAR, por su sigla en inglés) y un modelo autorregresivo con variables exógenas (VARX, por su sigla en inglés) para caracterizar la relación en el corto plazo, a través de ciclos económicos con la ayuda del filtro de Kalman.
Resultados: Si bien el sector de la construcción jalona la economía, como lo predijo Currie (1993c), esta relación para el Cauca es significativa en el corto plazo, pero no en el largo. 
Conclusiones: Se evidencia una causalidad contraria que va desde el producto interno bruto (PIB) departamental hacia el PIB de la construcción; por tanto, se infiere que este sector no es impulsor de la actividad económica en el departamento del Cauca.
Artificial Intelligence and Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning in Programming: A Systematic Mapping Study
Authors: Hidalgo Suarez Carlos Giovanny , Bucheli-Guerrero Víctor Andrés , Ordóñez-Eraso Hugo Armando
Published: March 2023

Objective: The Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) approach integrates artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance the learning process through collaboration and information and communication technologies (ICTs). In this sense, innovative and effective strategies could be designed for learning computer programming. This paper presents a systematic mapping study from 2009 to 2021, which shows how the integration of CSCL and AI supports the learning process in programming courses. Methodology: This study was conducted by reviewing data from different bibliographic sources such as Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), ScienceDirect, and repositories of the GitHub platform. It employs a quantitative methodological approach, where the results are represented through technological maps that show the following aspects: i) the programming languages used for CSCL and AI software development; ii) CSCL software technology and the evolution of AI; and iii) the ACM classifications, research topics, artificial intelligence techniques, and CSCL strategies. Results: The results of this research help to understand the benefits and challenges of using the CSCL and AI approach for learning computer programming, identifying some strategies and tools to improve the process in programming courses (e.g., the implementation of the CSCL approach strategies used to form groups, others to evaluate, and others to provide feedback); as well as to control the process and measure student results, using virtual judges for automatic code evaluation, profile identification, code analysis, teacher simulation, active learning activities, and interactive environments, among others. However, for each process, there are still open research questions. Conclusions: This work discusses the integration of CSCL and AI to enhance learning in programming courses and how it supports students' education process. No model integrates the CSCL approach with AI techniques, which allows implementing learning activities and, at the same time, observing and analyzing the evolution of the system and how its users (students) improve their learning skills with regard to programming. In addition, the different tools found in this paper could be explored by professors and institutions, or new technologies could be developed from them.
TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN IBU DAN POLA ASUH GIZI HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA USIA 24-59 BULAN
Authors: Shodikin Ahmad Ari , Mutalazimah Mutalazimah , Muwakhidah Muwakhidah , Mardiyati Nur Lathifah
Published: March 2023

Latar Belakang: Stunting merupakan masalah gizi kronis yang disebabkan oleh pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi tidak adekuat dalam jangka waktu lama sejak awal kelahiran yang memengaruhi pertumbuhan anak. Persentase stunting pada balita di Indonesia pada tahun 2021 sebesar 24,4%. Tingkat pendidikan ibu dan pola asuh gizi sebagai faktor tidak langsung dalam kejadian stunting pada balita, dikarenakan hal tersebut memengaruhi secara langsung asupan gizi balita.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan ibu dan pola asuh gizi dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di Kecamatan Gemolong, Kabupaten Sragen. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 57 balita dari total populasi sebanyak 187 balita yang dipilih menggunakan teknik simple random sampling di 5 posyandu. Data yang dikaji meliputi karakteristik subjek, tingkat pendidikan ibu dan pola asuh gizi. Data pendidikan ibu dan pola asuh gizi diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang terdiri dari 28 item pertanyaan (nilai r=0,968). Status gizi diperoleh dengan pengukuran antropometri yaitu mengukur tinggi badan dan berat badan. Analisis data dengan uji Chi-Square. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase balita stunting sebesar 15,8%. Ibu dengan pendidikan rendah (Tidak sekolah, SD, SMP) sebesar 26,3%. Pola asuh gizi kategori kurang sebesar 54,4%. Dari uji hubungan tingkat pendidikan ibu dan pola asuh gizi masing-masing nilai p=0,427 dan p=0,718.Simpulan: Tingkat pendidikan ibu dan pola asuh gizi tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita. Dinas Kesehatan Sragen dan Puskesmas Gemolong diharapkan dapat memperbaiki perilaku pola asuh gizi ibu balita untuk mencegah terjadinya stunting di masa kedepannya yang diakibatkan oleh pola asuh gizi seimbang kurang baik.
Functional roles of CD26/DPP4 in bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Koyanagi Yu , Kawasaki Takeshi , Kasuya Yoshitoshi , Hatano Ryo , Sato Shun , Takahashi Yukiko , Ohnuma Kei , Morimoto Chikao , Dudek Steven M. , Tatsumi Koichiro , Suzuki Takuji
Published: March 2023

The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis involves complex interplay between cell types and signaling pathways. Recurrent alveolar epithelial injury can occur during pulmonary inflammation, causing dysregulation of epithelial repair. Dysregulated repair interacts with mesenchymal, inflammatory, and endothelial cells to trigger fibroblast‐to‐myofibroblast activation. CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP4) is a type II membrane protein mediating pleiotropic effect. However, the mechanistic role of CD26/DPP4 in pulmonary fibrosis remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to characterize Dpp4 deficiency in a mouse bleomycin (BLM)‐induced pulmonary fibrosis model and in cell culture systems of human lung fibroblasts (HLFs). Dpp4 knockout (Dpp4 KO) mouse lungs exhibited lower Ashcroft scale indices, collagen content, and numbers of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts compared with those in C57BL/6 wild‐type (WT) mice. Upregulation of Tgfb1 and Tgfb2 mRNA levels in the lungs after BLM treatment was lower in Dpp4 KO mice compared with those in WT mice. Although TGF‐β‐driven endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has been implicated as one of the mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis, a number of partial EndMT cells in lungs did not differ between Dpp4 KO mice and WT mice. The proliferation capacity and mRNA levels of COL1A1, a collagen deposition‐related gene, in cultured HLFs were suppressed in DPP4 small interfering RNA‐treated cells. This study indicates that the genetic deficiency of DPP4 has protective effects against BLM‐induced pulmonary fibrosis, partly through the reduction in TGF‐β expression and inhibition of fibroblast activation in the lung. Our study suggests that CD26/DPP4 inhibition is a potential therapeutic strategy for pulmonary fibrosis.
Are anti-SARS-CoV-2 S/N IgG/IgM antibodies always predictive of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection?
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Henry Brandon M. , Pighi Laura , De Nitto Simone , Salvagno Gian Luca
Published: March 2023

Objectives

We planned this study to verify whether immunoassays for quantifying anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM antibodies against both spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins may be used for identifying previous SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Methods

The study population consisted of a cohort of fully vaccinated healthcare workers. All study subjects underwent regular medical visits and molecular testing for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infections every 2–4 weeks between 2020–2022. Venous blood was drawn for measuring anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with MAGLUMI 2019-nCoV lgG/IgM CLIA Assays directed against both SARS-CoV-2 S and N proteins.

Results

Overall, 31/53 (58.5%) subjects had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR throughout the study (24 once, 7 twice). No positive correlation was found between anti-SARS-CoV-2 S/N IgM antibodies and molecular test positivity. In univariate regression analysis, both a molecular test positivity (r=0.33; p=0.015) and the number of positive molecular tests (r=0.43; p=0.001), but not vaccine doses (r=−0.12; p=0.392), were significantly correlated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 S/N IgG antibodies. These two associations remained significant in multiple linear regression analysis (p=0.029 and p<0.001, respectively) after adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, and vaccine doses. In ROC curve analysis, anti-SARS-CoV-2 S/N IgG antibodies significantly predicted molecular test positivity (AUC, 0.69; 95% CI; 0.55–0.84), with the best cutoff of 0.05 AU/mL displaying 67.9% accuracy, 0.97 sensitivity, and 0.27 specificity.

Conclusions

Although anti-SARS-CoV-2 S/N IgG antibodies provide helpful information for identifying previous SARS-CoV-2 infections, a lower cutoff than that of sample reactivity should be used. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S/N IgM antibodies using conventional cutoffs seem useless for this purpose.
The impact of chemical modifications on gamma-ray attenuation properties of some WO3-reinforced tellurite glasses
Authors: ALMisned Ghada , Rabaa Elaf , Sen Baykal Duygu , Ilik Erkan , Kilic Gokhan , Zakaly Hesham M. H. , Ene Antoaneta , Tekin Huseyin Ozan
Published: March 2023

We report the role of the chemical modifications on various gamma-ray attenuation properties of four different tellurite glasses reinforced through WO3. The chemical compositions and glass densities are used in terms of determining some critical attenuation properties, such as linear and mass attenuation coefficients, half value layer, and effective atomic number values. Based on the rise in density, it was determined that the maximum concentration of WO3 also resulted in a significant change in the overall gamma-ray absorption properties, when all of the study’s findings were examined. It was observed that the glass sample, in which TeO2 and WO3 were 40 mol%, had the highest density. It was found that this glass with the highest density has the highest linear attenuation coefficient and mass attenuation coefficient and the lowest half value layer among the four samples specified. This demonstrates that WO3 inclusion is a functional component that may be used in tellurium glasses and is a suitable material for situations requiring increased gamma-ray absorption properties.
Attention capital in populist network communication: When the free labour of citizens maintains the spiral of attention
Authors: Sekloča Peter
Published: March 2023

The author thematizes the operation of the political market of attention that is propelled by the willingness of citizens to credit populist leaders with their digital political labour. Mutual, nevertheless unequal, exchange of attention leads to the formation of a spiral of attention. Its expansive character is sustained by the strategically subsidized recognition of populist leaders. Accumulated attention, i. e. attention capital, is the resource that is used to maintain populist networked public spheres, while citizens are proletarianized: they are invited to apply their labour power to distributing political ideas but are pevented from evaluating the influence of competing public actors.
Discovery of a pyridophenoselenazinium-based photosensitizer with high photodynamic efficacy against breast cancer cells
Authors: Li Guiling , Li Peixia , Jiang Qiaoyun , Zhang Qianqian , Qiu Jingru , Li Donghai , Shan Gang
Published: March 2023

Development of efficient photosensitizers with minimal side effects is highly desirable for photodynamic therapy. Reported herein is the discovery of a novel pyridophenoselenazinium-based NIR-I photosensitizer, termed PPSe, that efficiently generated both type I and II reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon appropriate light irradiation. PPSe exhibited potent phototoxicity as well as excellent phototherapeutic indices against several breast cancer cell lines. PPSe induced DNA damage and breast cancer cell apoptosis via photo-triggered intracellular ROS generation.
Evaluation of welding-induced residual stress and distortion in A-TIG welding of duplex stainless steel
Authors: Siyavoshi Amir , Shakhesi Saeed , Afshar Mohammad Reza , Hashemzadeh Marzieh , Noghabi Mohammad
Published: March 2023

Applying non-uniform heat in welding causes residual stress and distortion, which affects the life of components. In the present study, the residual stress and distortion of Duplex 2205 stainless steel in A-TIG welding were investigated numerically and experimentally. The optimal welding parameters for highest penetration depth in welded samples were obtained experimentally. Uncoupled thermal-mechanical analysis using ABAQUS 2017 software has been done. Goldak's parameters were measured by empirical tests. The results include simulation diagrams of four samples consisting of the optimal sample without flux powder and three samples with the highest penetration depth. The simulation results show that the sample without flux has a higher maximum temperature and lower welding-induced distortions. The efficiency used in this research changes using and not using powder; it is concluded that, in similar conditions in A-TIG welding, fewer values of parameters are needed to achieve the appropriate result comparing conventional TIG. The efficiency of workpieces with flux should be considered about 20% lower to have similar results to the conventional TIG. The numerical modeling results showed a good agreement with experimental data both for temperature distribution and welding-induced residual stress and distortion. The distortion in the pieces with conventional TIG welding has increased to 11% at the farthest point from the welding line. The error obtained from comparing the results in residual stress is between 12 and 34%.
Opportunities and Threats of Sharing Economy
Authors:   Politechnika Rzeszowska, Pasternak-Malicka Monika , Dębowski Tomasz ,   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku
Published: March 2023

Purpose – The aim of this article is an attempt to identify the benefits and threats of the sharing economy based on author’s own research carried out in the area of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship.Research method – The implementation of the aim required the use of the direct me thod – questionnaire. The results of empirical studies from the years 2016–2022 are presented, but in 2021 the studies were not carried out due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Results – The publication describes the essence of the sharing economy, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the new consumer trend, which is the sharing economy. Parts of author’s own survey research from the years 2016–2022 on the issue under study are also presented. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – The obtained results of author’s research and data taken from reports of other research centres do not give a clear answer to the question whether transactions made within the sharing economy are a only posi-tive or only a negative phenomenon. In the future, it is necessary to continue research in the marked area.
Kreativnost u nastavi engleskoga jezika
Authors: Jukić Tonća , Knezović Ana
Published: March 2023

Uvriježeno je stajalište da suvremeni odgojno-obrazovni sustav treba pojedinca osposobiti za kritički, kreativni i aktivni odnos prema stalno mijenjajućoj okolini, tako što će učitelji stvarati okolinu za učenje koja će učeniku omogućiti konstrukciju i kreativnu produkciju znanja. Također, smatra se da učitelj treba imati pozitivne stavove prema kreativnosti i kreirati nastavu u kojoj će iskazivati svoju kreativnost i primjenjivati strategije učenja i podučavanja ‒ povoljne za razvoj kreativnog mišljenja i ponašanja učenika. Za ostvarenje navedenoga u literaturi se višestruko ističe važnost procesa osposobljavanja budućih učitelja. U radu se prikazuju rezultati istraživanja provedenog na uzorku studenata. Filozofskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu te učitelja engleskoga jezika zaposlenih u splitskim osnovnim i srednjim školama. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi razlikuju li se ispitanici u samoprocjenama kreativnosti i procjenama mogućnosti iskazivanja kreativnosti u nastavi engleskoga jezika, pedagoške važnosti poticanja kreativnosti u nastavi engleskoga jezika te učestalosti poticanja kreativnosti učitelja u školi i studenata na fakultetu. krenulo se od pretpostavaka da između studenata i učitelja nema statistički značajnih razlika u navedenim samoprocjenama i procjenama. provedenim t-testovima za nezavisne uzorke prve tri su hipoteze i potvrđene, dok je odbačena četvrta hipoteza koja se odnosila na razlike u procjenama učestalosti poticanja kreativnosti učitelja u školi i studenata tijekom studija. ispitivanjem prvih triju hipoteza utvrđeno sljedeće je: studenti i učitelji engleskoga jezika podjednako su se procijenili prilično kreativnima; učitelji su procijenili da mogu, a studenti da će moći prilično izraziti svoju kreativnost u različitim oblicima rada te su obje grupe ispitanika procijenile prilično važnim poticanje kreativnosti u nastavi engleskoga jezika. ispitujući četvrtu hipotezu, utvrđeno je da se učestalije potiče kreativnost učitelja u školama nego kreativnost kod studenata na fakultetu, stoga se u radu naglašava potreba većeg poticanja kreativnosti na nastavničkim studijima.
Metode i sredstva kažnjavanja u obitelji
Authors: Vrkić Dimić Jasmina , Petani Rozana , Privara Tijana
Published: March 2023

U radu se na specifičan način prilazi problematici kažnjavanja u obitelji kroz nastojanje kontekstualizacije postojećih metoda odgoja, temeljem promišljanja istaknutih europskih pedagogijskih znanstvenika. Rezultati empirijskog istraživanja provedenog na učenicima 7. i 8. razreda osnovnih škola (N = 277) ukazuju na odgojnu praksu, time i praksu kažnjavanja, koja se kreće između tradicije i suvremenosti. Iako danas dominiraju oblici kažnjavanja imanentni životu u suvremenom konzumerističkom društvu, najčešće povezani s uskraćivanjem (materijalnih dobara s ciljem izostanka užitka i zabave kod djece), ipak i tradicionalni oblici kažnjavanja kroz dodatne oblike rada (koje smatramo vrijednom odgojnom metodom), ali i, nažalost, fizičko kažnjavanje djece u obitelji, pokazuju svoju perzistentnost, unatoč daleko nižim čestinama. U konačnici, na osnovama teorijskih spoznaja, te interpretacije predstavljenih rezultata istraživanja ‒ umjesto negiranja postojećih tradicionalnih oblika odgoja ‒ ističe se nužnost njihova evoluiranog poimanja i reinterpretacije s ciljem uklapanja pozitivnih i vrijednih elemenata tradicionalnog odgoja u suvremeni kontekst življenja.
Kolektivna učiteljska učinkovitost kao odlika kulture škole usmjerene na odgojno-obrazovne promjene
Authors: Filipov Mia , Liščić Dinka
Published: March 2023

Primarna je funkcija škole odgoj i obrazovanje učenika, stoga odgojnoobrazovne promjene u kulturi škole trebaju biti usmjerene tome cilju. S obzirom na to da kratkotrajno i nedovoljno obuhvatno stručno usavršavanje odgojno-obrazovnih djelatnika ne dovodi do dubinskih odgojno-obrazovnih promjena, a ponajprije do poboljšanja nastavne prakse i do boljeg učenja učenika, nužno ih je osnažiti na pokretanje bitnih promjena u kulturi vlastite ustanove. Pritom se kao ključan pojam ističe kolektivna učiteljska učinkovitost, dominantan čimbenik u pospješivanju učeničkih postignuća. Taj pojam naglašava važnost stvaranja kohezivnih zajednica praktičara konstantno usmjerenih vlastitom profesionalnom razvoju i unaprjeđenju vlastite nastave, a time i učeničkog učenja. U radu se prvotno teorijski razmatraju pojmovi kulture škole usmjerene na odgojno-obrazovne promjene te uloga kolektivne učiteljske učinkovitosti u takvoj kulturi. Ti se pojmovi potom raslojavaju na tri stavke koje su važne za razvoj kulture škole usmjerene na promjene: profesionalne zajednice učenja, suradnička istraživanja učitelja i vođenje odgojno-obrazovnih promjena u kulturi škole.
Pituitary tumours: molecular and genetic aspects
Authors: De Sousa Sunita M C , Lenders Nèle F , Lamb Lydia S , Inder Warrick J , McCormack Ann
Published: March 2023

‘Pituitary tumours’ is an umbrella term for various tumours originating from different regions of the hypothalamic–pituitary system. The vast majority of pituitary tumours are pituitary adenomas, also recently referred to as pituitary neuroendocrine tumours. The prevalence of clinically relevant pituitary adenomas is approximately 1 in 1000; other pituitary tumours such as craniopharyngioma and pituicytoma are comparatively very rare. This review addresses the molecular and genetic aspects of pituitary adenomas. We first discuss the germline genetic variants underlying familial pituitary tumours, which account for approximately 5% of all pituitary adenoma cases. This includes variants in established pituitary adenoma/hyperplasia predisposition genes (MEN1, PRKAR1A, AIP, CDKN1B, GPR101, SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, SDHAF2) as well as emerging genetic associations. In addition, we discuss McCune–Albright syndrome which lies between the germline and somatic pituitary tumour genes as the causative GNAS mutations are postzygotic rather than being inherited, and the condition is associated with multiglandular features due to the involvement of different cell lines rather than being limited to the pituitary. By contrast, somatic GNAS mutations contribute to sporadic acromegaly. USP8 is the only other gene where somatic driver mutations have been established in sporadic pituitary tumorigenesis. However, there are now known to be a variety of other somatic genetic and molecular changes underpinning sporadic pituitary adenomas which we review here, namely: copy number variation, molecular changes in signalling and hypoxia pathways, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, DNA repair, senescence, the immune microenvironment and epigenetics.
DOHaD: A MENAGERIE OF ADAPTATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES: Large animal models of developmental programming: sustenance, stress, and sex matter
Authors: Hammer CJ , Caton JS , Dahlen CR , Ward AK , Borowicz PP , Reynolds LP
Published: March 2023

In brief

Developmental programming refers to the long-term programming of gene expression during fetal and postnatal development, resulting in altered organ function even into adulthood. This review describes how maternal and paternal sustenance and stress, as well as fetal sex, all matter in large animal models and affect developmental programming of the offspring.

Developmental programming is the concept that certain health outcomes throughout life can be linked to early fetal or postnatal development. Progress in understanding concepts and mechanisms surrounding developmental programming is heavily leveraged by the use of large animal models. Numerous large animal models have been developed that apply a host of different maternal stressors and, more recently, paternal stressors. Maternal nutrition is the most researched maternal stressor applied during gestation and includes both global nutrient supply and models that target specific macro- or micro- nutrients. The focus of this review is to provide an overview of the many large animal models of developmental programming and to discuss the importance of sex effects (including paternal contributions) in study design and data interpretation.