bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Spatio-Temporal Model for Forest Fire Detection Using HJ-IRS Satellite Data
Authors: Lin Lei , Meng Yu , Yue Anzhi , Yuan Yuan , Liu Xiaoyi , Chen Jingbo , Zhang Mengmeng , Chen Jiansheng
Published: May 2016

Fire detection based on multi-temporal remote sensing data is an active research field. However, multi-temporal detection processes are usually complicated because of the spatial and temporal variability of remote sensing imagery. This paper presents a spatio-temporal model (STM) based forest fire detection method that uses multiple images of the inspected scene. In STM, the strong correlation between an inspected pixel and its neighboring pixels is considered, which can mitigate adverse impacts of spatial heterogeneity on background intensity predictions. The integration of spatial contextual information and temporal information makes it a more robust model for anomaly detection. The proposed algorithm was applied to a forest fire in 2009 in the Yinanhe forest, Heilongjiang province, China, using two-month HJ-1B infrared camera sensor (IRS) images. A comparison of detection results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm described in this paper are useful to represent the spatio-temporal information contained in multi-temporal remotely sensed data, and the STM detection method can be used to obtain a higher detection accuracy than the optimized contextual algorithm.
Analysis of Sentinel-1 Radiometric Stability and Quality for Land Surface Applications
Authors: El Hajj Mohammad , Baghdadi Nicolas , Zribi Mehrez , Angelliaume Sébastien
Published: May 2016

Land monitoring using temporal series of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images requires radiometrically well calibrated sensors. In this paper, the radiometric stability of the new SAR Sentinel-1A “S-1A” sensor was first assessed by analyzing temporal variations of the backscattering coefficient (σ°) returned from invariant targets. Second, the radiometric level of invariant targets was compared from S-1A and Radarsat-2 “RS-2” data. The results show three stable sub-time series of S-1A data. The first (between 1 October 2014 and 19 March 2015) and third (between 25 November 2015 and 1 February 2016) sub-time series have almost the same mean σ°-values (a difference lower than 0.3 dB). The mean σ°-value of the second sub-time series (between 19 March 2015 and 25 November 2015) is higher than that of the first and the third sub-time series by roughly 0.9 dB. Moreover, our results show that the stability of each sub-time series is better than 0.48 dB. In addition, the results show that S-1A images of the first and third sub-time series appear to be well calibrated in comparison to RS-2 data, with a difference between S-1A and RS-2 lower than 0.3 dB. However, the S-1A images of the second sub-time series have σ°-values that are higher than those from RS-2 by roughly 1 dB.
Evaluating the role of genome downsizing and size thresholds from genome size distributions in angiosperms
Authors: Zenil‐Ferguson Rosana , Ponciano José M. , Burleigh J. Gordon
Published: May 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Whole‐genome duplications (WGDs) can rapidly increase genome size in angiosperms. Yet their mean genome size is not correlated with ploidy. We compared three hypotheses to explain the constancy of genome size means across ploidies. The genome downsizing hypothesis suggests that genome size will decrease by a given percentage after a WGD. The genome size threshold hypothesis assumes that taxa with large genomes or large monoploid numbers will fail to undergo or survive WGDs. Finally, the genome downsizing and threshold hypothesis suggests that both genome downsizing and thresholds affect the relationship between genome size means and ploidy.

METHODS:

We performed nonparametric bootstrap simulations to compare observed angiosperm genome size means among species or genera against simulated genome sizes under the three different hypotheses. We evaluated the hypotheses using a decision theory approach and estimated the expected percentage of genome downsizing.

KEY RESULTS:

The threshold hypothesis improves the approximations between mean genome size and simulated genome size. At the species level, the genome downsizing with thresholds hypothesis best explains the genome size means with a 15% genome downsizing percentage. In the genus level simulations, the monoploid number threshold hypothesis best explains the data.

CONCLUSIONS:

Thresholds of genome size and monoploid number added to genome downsizing at species level simulations explain the observed means of angiosperm genome sizes, and monoploid number is important for determining the genome size mean at the genus level.
Enablers of Sustainable Manufacturing Overview, Framework and Further Research Directions
Authors: Shibin K. T.
Published: May 2016

The aim of this paper is to develop a conceptual sustainable manufacturing (SM) framework, which is the pressing need of highly competitive and natural resource scarce world. Systematic literature review has been adopted to identify enablers of SM. The enablers identified through systematic literature review includes product design, material selection & procurement, customer requirements, regulatory norms, social values & ethics, environmental priorities, energy costs, natural resource scarcity, supply chain & logistics systems, fuel price regulations, public awareness, technology and total quality management. Author has attempted to develop a contextual relationship among enablers of SM using interpretive structural modeling. The author has further classified enablers into four categories using MICMAC analysis. The author has also outlined the limitations of present study and identified further research directions.
Modeling the Soft Skills of Green Procurement Professionals using Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach
Authors: Bag Surajit
Published: May 2016

Green procurement demands a creative attitude and innovation oriented culture which is still missing in many organizations. It is noted that most of the procurement professionals lack essential soft skills which are more important than hard skills. Human resource managers need to develop appropriate teaching methodologies for procurement professionals to enhance the essential soft skills. The purpose of this study is to identify the essential set of soft skills required for green procurement practices. Interpretive structural modeling approach was applied to find the interrelationships. This study also provides deep insight to human resource managers and will be helpful in developing training programs for procurement professionals.
Molecular-Docking-Based Drug Design and Discovery
Authors: Kim Soo-Kyung , Goddard III William A.
Published: May 2016

Currently 30-50% of drug targets are G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). However, the clinical useful drugs for targeting GPCR have been limited by the lack of subtype selectivity or efficacy, leading to undesirable side effects. To develop subtype-selective GPCR ligands with desired molecular properties, better understanding is needed of the pharmacophore elements and of the binding mechanism required for subtype selectivity. To illustrate these issues, we describe here three successful applications to understand the binding mechanism associated with subtype selectivity: 5-HT2B (5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) serotonin receptor (HT2BR), H3 histamine receptor (H3HR) and A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR). The understanding of structure-function relationships among individual types and subtypes of GPCRs gained from such computational predictions combined with experimental validation and testing is expected the development of new highly selective and effective ligands to address such diseases while minimizing side-effects.
In Silico Perspective into Interactions and Mutations in Human TLR4 and Ebola Glycoprotein
Authors: Ray Sujay , Banerjee Arundhati
Published: May 2016

Toll-Like Receptor-4 (TLR4) senses life-threatening Ebola virus Glycoprotein (GP) and produces pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in lethal Ebola virus infections. GP2-subunit of Ebola promotes viral entry via membrane fusion. The present study models, optimizes and demonstrates the 3D monomer of the responsible human protein. The essential residue (studied from wet-laboratory research) was observed to be functionally conserved from multiple-sequence alignment. Thus, after performing point-mutation, the mutant protein was satisfactorily re-modelled; keeping its functionality preserved. Comparable residual participation in GP2 and each of the proteins was examined, individually. Stability of the proteins and protein-GP2 complexes on mutation; were discerned via energy calculations, solvent-accessibility area and conformational switching, with supportive statistical significances. Therefore, this probe paves a pathway to examine the weaker interaction of the stable mutated human protein with Ebola GP2 protein, thereby defending the Ebola viral entry.
Molecular-Docking-Based Anti-Allergic Drug Design
Authors: Basu Anamika , Basak Piyali , Sarkar Anasua
Published: May 2016

Allergens are foreign proteins that when come in contact of part(s) of human body stimulate the production of immunoglobulin types of proteins (antibodies). These allergens react with antibodies (immunoglobulin type E or IgE) produces allergic reactions, also known as immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions. As much as 20% of the general population may be affected by grass pollen as a major cause of allergic disease. EXPB class of proteins are known in the immunological literature as group-1 grass pollen allergens Molecular docking method can be used to identify the predicated the interaction of pollen allergen EXPB1 (Zea m 1), a beta-expansin and group-1 pollen allergen from maize with IgE molecules of human. The World Health Organization recognised allergen immunotherapy, as therapeutics for allergic diseases. RNA Interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules e.g. Small Interfering RNAs (siRNAs) inhibit gene expression, by cleavage and destruction of specific mRNA molecules. Use of Small Interfering RNA (siRNA) is a novel method in the induction of RNA Interference (RNAi), which is a potent method for therapeutics of allergic reactions. Due to various effects of STAT 6 proteins during hypersensitivity reactions caused by pollen allergens, mRNA of STAT6 gene is selected as target gene for allergy therapeutics via Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS). Using molecular docking study a specific sense siRNA is identified as anti allergic drug to treat allergic asthma during immediate type of hypersensitivity reaction, caused by Zea m 1 pollen allergen.
Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) as an Alternative to Targeting the ATP Binding Site of Kinase
Authors: Sarvagalla Sailu , Coumar Mohane Selvaraj
Published: May 2016

Most of the developed kinase inhibitor drugs are ATP competitive and suffer from drawbacks such as off-target kinase activity, development of resistance due to mutation in the ATP binding pocket and unfavorable intellectual property situations. Besides the ATP binding pocket, protein kinases have binding sites that are involved in Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs); these PPIs directly or indirectly regulate the protein kinase activity. Of recent, small molecule inhibitors of PPIs are emerging as an alternative to ATP competitive agents. Rational design of inhibitors for kinase PPIs could be carried out using molecular modeling techniques. In silico tools available for the prediction of hot spot residues and cavities at the PPI sites and the means to utilize this information for the identification of inhibitors are discussed. Moreover, in silico studies to target the Aurora B-INCENP PPI sites are discussed in context. Overall, this chapter provides detailed in silico strategies that are available to the researchers for carrying out structure-based drug design of PPI inhibitors.
Applications of Molecular Docking
Authors: Anthony Josephine , Rangamaran Vijaya Raghavan , Shivasankarasubbiah Kumar T. , Gopal Dharani , Ramalingam Kirubagaran
Published: May 2016

Computational tools have extended their reach into different realms of scientific research. Often coupled with molecular dynamics simulation, docking provides comprehensive insight into molecular mechanisms of biological processes. Influence of molecular docking is highly experienced in the field of structure based drug discovery, wherein docking is vital in validating novel lead compounds. The significance of molecular docking is also understood in several environmental and industrial research, in order to untangle the interactions among macromolecules of non-medical interest. Various processes such as bioremediation (REMEDIDOCK), nanomaterial interactions (NANODOCK), nutraceutical interactions (NUTRADOCK), fatty acid biosynthesis (FADOCK), and antifoulers interactions (FOULDOCK) find the application of molecular docking. This chapter emphasizes the involvement of computational techniques in the aforementioned fields to expand our knowledge on macromolecular interacting mechanisms.
Electrochemical Properties of NbO as a Negative Electrode Material for Lithium Secondary Batteries
Authors: Park Kyoung Soo , Jeong Soon Ki , Kim Yang Soo
Published: May 2016

The electrochemical properties of niobium monoxide, NbO, were investigated as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries. Lithium ions were inserted into and extracted from NbO material at potentials < 1.0 V versus Li/Li+, involving formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on the NbO surface in the first cycle. Its reversible capacity is ~67 mAh g–1 with the capacity retention of ~109% after 50 cycles. The magnitude of charge transfer resistance was greatly decreased by ball-milling the pristine NbO, whereas the ball-milling had no effect on the SEI resistance.
Preliminary Study of Ultrasonic Assisted Underwater Laser Micromachining of Silicon
Authors: Charee Wisan , Tangwarodomnukun Viboon , Dumkum Chaiya
Published: May 2016

The disturbances of vapor bubble to a laser beam in the underwater laser machinig process importantly limits the material removal rate and cut quality obtained. This issue is more essential for the laser micromachining process that a precise and small trench cut is highly needed. In this study, the ultrasound was used to energize and break up the bubble while the laser beam was performing a cut in water. Silicon was used as a work sample in this study as its significant usage in many micro-components. An ultrasonic transducer was located nearby the workpiece in an attempt to vibrate surrounding water. The results revealed that an increase in ultrasonic power increased the width and depth of cut channel. In addition, the workpiece surface obtained after the ablation was clean as similar to that performed by the ultrasonic cleaning. This combination of laser machining and ultrasonic cleaning processes can be another effective approach to cut thermal sensitive materials and also small components whose thermal damage and deposition of cut debris can be harmful to their functionality after laser ablation.
Porosity Defects Induced by Semi-Solid Isothermal Heat Treatment in Cast Hypereutectic Al-18% Si Alloy
Authors: Ramadan Mohamed , Fathy N. , Abdel Halim K.S. , Hafez Khalid M.
Published: May 2016

The Present study was undertaken to investigate the porosity defects induced by semi-solid isothermal heat treatment in cast hypereutectic Al-18% Si alloy for different holding time. All specimens were heated up to 585 °C then hold for 10, 20, 30 and 40 min. in an electrically heated resistance furnace with heating rate of 10 °C.min-1. After the semi-solid heat treatment, the samples were taken out immediately for water quenching. Bulk density, total porosity and pore sizes at center and edge of each treated sample were investigated. It was found that the porosity in final treated samples increases by increasing the holding time. The pore size increases and the density decreases steeply with increasing the semi-solid isothermal holding time. Above 20 min., holding time the pore size at the edge shows higher value compared with that measured at the center of sample. It might be recommended that shorter holding time during semi-solid isothermal heat treatment should be selected in order to obtain minimum porosity percentage and higher density Al-18% Si alloy castings.
Primary Radiation Damage of BCC Iron under Uniaxial and Hydrostatic Stress: MD Simulation
Authors: Tikhonchev Mikhail , Svetukhin Viacheslav
Published: May 2016

In this paper we have studied primary radiation damage in body-centered cubic (BCC) Fe under the strain. Molecular dynamics method has been used to simulate atomic displacement cascades of the energy of 10 keV for the initial crystal temperature of 300 K. The strain has been simulated with tensile and compressive stress of 0.25 and 2.5 GPa. We have considered the hydrostatic and uniaxial loadings along the [100], [111], [112] and [210] directions. The average number of produced Frenkel pairs has been evaluated. Also, we have studied clustering of point defects and crystallographic orientation of interstitial configurations. The obtained results show a good agreement with the data reported earlier.
Dielectric Study of Electron Capture Centers in Sillenite Crystals Bi12SiO20
Authors: Ilinskii Aleksandr Valentinovich , Castro Rene Alejandro , Nabiullina Liliya Ansafovna , Pashkevich Marina Ernstovna , Shadrin Evgenii Borisovich
Published: May 2016

The quantitative analysis of experimental results of research thermostimulated currents in crystals Bi12SiO20 (BSO) is lead carried out. Parameters of the capture centers in crystals BSO are determined.
Improvement in Plastic Strain Ratio of AA1050 Al Alloy Sheet by Enhancing the <111>//ND Texture Component
Authors: Nam Su Kwon , Kim In Soo , Lee Dong Nyung
Published: May 2016

The average plastic strain ratio (the R-value) and the anisotropy parameter |ΔR| calculated from the measured texture of AA1050 Al alloy sheet treated by the heavy asymmetric rolling by 84% reduction in thickness and subsequent annealing for 1 h at 500 °C, followed by light rolling by 10% or 20% reduction in thickness and the subsequent annealing for 1 h at 500 °C increased by 1.52 times that of the non-processed specimen and reduced to 1/12 times that of the non-processed specimen, respectively.
Experimental Analysis of Forming Limits and Thickness Strains of DP600-800 Steels
Authors: Costa Cardoso Marcelo , de Melo Pereira Alexandre , Freitas da Silva Fabiane Roberta , Moreira Luciano Pessanha
Published: May 2016

In this work, the plastic behavior of cold-rolled zinc coated dual-phase steel sheets DP600 and DP800 grades is firstly investigated by means of uniaxial tensile and Forming Limit Curve (FLC) testing. The uniaxial tensile tests were carried out at 0o, 45o and 90o angular orientations with respect to the rolling direction to evaluate the mechanical properties and the plastic anisotropy Lankford r-values. The forming limit strains are defined according to Nakajima’s procedure. Thickness measurements of tested Nakajima’s samples cut perpendicular to the fracture allowed to identify a rapid decrease of the strain, which governs the plastic instability that preceded the fracture in the drawing region of the FLC. Optical metallographic and scanning electron microscopy techniques helped to characterize and distinguish the orientation of rotated grains and flat fractured surface (ductile shear failure in blank specimens close to plane-strain tension) from no grain rotations and rough fractured surface (ductile tensile fracture in blank geometries in the biaxial stretching domain).
Silica Rice Husk Supported Ag/ZnO Nanoparticles for an Improved Visible-Light Photocatalytic of Methylene Blue
Authors: Andas Jeyashelly , Subri Nor Wahida
Published: May 2016

Nanostructure ZnO and Ag/ZnO were successfully synthesized from rice husk via an eco-friendly sol-gel method. Structural investigations by FT-IR and DR/UV-Vis analyses confirmed the successful inclusion of metal species into the silica framework. XRD and TEM studies evidenced the well-dispersion of silver and zinc onto the silica support. Modification of ZnO with Ag resulted in the maximum photocatalytic activity (90.5 %) of methylene blue, (40 mgL-1) under compact fluorescent lamp irradiation. Minimal agglomeration, high dispersion and narrow band gap energy of Ag/ZnO was suggested to contribute to its excellent photocatalytic activity in comparison to ZnO.
First Principles Density Functional Theory Investigation on the Structural, Energetic and Electronic Properties of 6–Bromo–4–Oxo–4H–Chromene–3–Carbaldehyde
Authors: Toh Pek Lan , Rasmidi Rosfayanti , Meepripruk Montha , Ang Lee Sin , Sulaiman Shukri , Mohamed-Ibrahim Mohamed Ismail
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we report the first principles Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculation to study the structural, energetic, and electronics properties of the 6–Bromo–4–Oxo–4H–Chromene–3–Carbaldehyde, C10H5BrO3 molecular framework. Geometry optimization technique was carried out to find the local energy minimum of the title compound using four hybrid DFT functionals with the basis set of 6–311++G**. The optimized molecular structure of C10H5BrO3 cluster was then used to determine the HOMO–LUMO gaps, Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP), Mulliken atomic charges, and others. Using the four hybrid DFT techniques, the optimized geometries of C10H5BrO3 molecular cluster is close to that of measurement data. Our calculation results also show that the total energies obtained are close to each other with the four hybrid DFT procedures. The diagram of electrostatic potential surface show that the regions of negative electrostatic potential around the oxygen atoms, O1 and O2. Using the scheme of Mulliken Population Analysis (MPA), the distributions of atomic charges follow the same arguments for the B3LYP/6–311++G**, B3PW91/6–311++G**, M06/6–311++G**, and PBE1PBE/6–311++G** simulation approaches. For example, the atom of C5 has the highest positively charge, whereas the highest negatively charge was found in the C4 atom. For Br atom, the atomic charge values obtained are –0.158, –0.222, –0.277, and –0.224, respectively for the B3LYP/6–311++G**, B3PW91/6–311++G**, M06/6–311++G**, and PBE1PBE/6–311++G** computational methods.
The Establishment of Real-Time PCR Detection System of Aspergillus Niger in Peanut
Authors: Zhang Chu Shu , Sun Jie , Yu Li Na , Bi Jie , Zhao Wei Wei
Published: May 2016

In this study, a set of real-time PCR primers for the detection of aflatoxin in peanut was successfully designed according to the AFLR gene of Aspergillus niger. Upstream primer was 5'-AACCTGATGACGACTGATAT-3'; Downstream primer was 5'-AGCACCTTGAGAACGATAA-3'; The real-time PCR detection system established in this study had good specificity, and the sensitivity of DNA detection can reach 3×10-13 ng/ul. The correlation coefficient between the contents of aflatoxin in peanut samples and PCR Ct of Real-time was-0.718, and the correlation coefficient was significantly negative.
Preparation and Metal Removal from Chitosan/PEG Blend
Authors: Locharoenrat Kitsakorn
Published: May 2016

Recently the removal of trace element using biodegradable polymers is important. This paper involves the preparation and evaluation of chitosan/ polyethylene glycol blend served as a heavy metal removal system. The author has prepared the various blending system with different composition ratios and different crosslinking density. Experimental results indicate that the swelling degree and thermal property of the blend film are correlated with blend ratio and crosslink density. The blend film is then investigated its metal-binding performance. Copper sorption capacity is one of major potential applications in a field of wastewater treatment.
Optimum Blend Ratio of Tropical Soil and Porcelain Tile Residue to Highway Applications Based on Statistical Analysis of the Results of Unconfined Compression Tests
Authors: Fernandes Nobre de Araujo Silvia Cristina Justo , Costa Carina  Maia Lins , Costa Yuri Daniel Jatobá
Published: May 2016

Ceramic materials are used worldwide due to offer important technical and economic advantages. The ceramic industry, however, has to deal with production losses that are wasted, such as the residue of polishing porcelain tiles. This paper presents the results of laboratory tests performed using different proportions of a lateritic soil and residue of polishing porcelain tile, in order to verify the possibility to use them for highway applications. The main focus of this paper is to propose the optimum ratio of soil and residue based on statistical analysis of the results of unconfined compression tests. Grain size distribution test, X-ray fluoresce analysis and compaction tests were also conducted. An analysis of the data indicates that the addition of residue increases the unconfined compression strength, in comparison to specimens with pure soil. A statistical analysis of the data showed that the best proportion is approximately 92% of soil and 8% of residue.
Study on Green Vertical Housing Using Hybrid Ventilation System Based on Air Changes per Hour Factor
Authors: Soebiyan Vivien , Sjarifudin Firza Utama , Efendi Jefry
Published: May 2016

This study aims to get the openings design of the hybrid systems based on the needs of Air Changes per Hour (ACH) in a vertical housing unit. The research method is quantitative research which the variable is observed from outdoor and indoor wind speed data. Research developed by the experimental research method with CFD simulation to meet the need for air changes.From previous research, case studies obtained ellipse formed by the building mass is the most ideal form to obtain optimum conditions of wind movement.From the result of analysis in this study, requires openings of 0,29 to 1.08 m2 with different opening types, to meet the needs of 0.5 ACH under different wind speed. Opening schedule and Hybrid Ventilation system were developed to gain the ideal indoor air condition.
Dynamic Collapse Analysis of Single-Layer Lattice Domes with Supporting Frames
Authors: Li Hong Mei , Lu Wei , Wang Jun Lin , Ren Xiao Qiang , Sun Jian Heng
Published: May 2016

Dynamic collapse analysis is an important research subject for large span single layer reticulated shell structures. In this paper, the dynamic collapse behavior of the single layer reticulated shell with substructure which support the reticulated shell are investigated under the earthquake actions. In the analysis, the geometric imperfections, the material and the geometric nonlinear of the structures are considered. The effects of different stiffness of substructure to the collapse earthquake accelerations and the plastic member distribution of the reticulated shell are investigated.
The Variational Principles of Coupled Systems in Fatigue Problem Undergoing Large Range Damage
Authors: Tan Wen Feng
Published: May 2016

The coupled systems of fatigue crack initiation problem undergoing large range damage is defined. The zero different work principle, coupled potential energy principle, coupled complementary energy principle in the coupled system is established. By using of coupled potential energy principle, Closed form solution about predicting fatigue crack initiation life of three-dimensional component which leads to large range damage is derived. Compared with reference [1], the close form solution derived from this some. It is proved that the method is correct. The method adopted in this paper is definite in mechanical concept,it can be widely used in analysis of predicting fatigue crack initiation life of various component which leads to large range damage.
Heat Capacity Measurements of Loose Materials with Respect to Long Heat Accumulation
Authors: Šípková Veronika , Bujdoš David , Vodičková Martina
Published: May 2016

The paper is aimed at storing heat with gravel. During testing, we used various kinds of recycled aggregates, were studied their characteristics and suitability for ground heat storage. The most important feature is the specific heat capacity which was measured through own construction of the calorimeter. The construction of the calorimeter and measured results are summarized in this paper.
Research and Application of a Novel Cluster Well Pumping Unit
Authors: Ren Tao , Qu Wen Tao , Kang Xiao Qing , Sun Wen
Published: May 2016

One pumping unit corresponding to one well is the principal oil production pattern for cluster well at the present time. When oil exploitation comes into mid-later period, reducing of permeability will result in falling of oil output and production efficiency as well as increasing of energy cost. Therefore, the production pattern of one well-one pumping unit has been unsuitable to satisfy the demand of cluster well production technology. This paper presents a novel cluster well pumping unit based on slider-crank mechanism. Well load pairing balance way was adopted in our design, and therefore the weight of pumping unit drops greatly. A dynamics model of the unit was established, and contrastive analysis with the beam pumping unit was performed. At the present time, the practical prototype has been used in Chinese oil field and it runs efficiently.
Design of an Improved Nonlinear Disc Spring Vibration Isolator
Authors: Fang Jia , Dong Huang
Published: May 2016

An improved nonlinear vibration isolator is proposed in this paper. It uses the exact solution derived load-displacement hysteresis curve formula based on energy method to calculate disc spring, combined with the finite element analysis. The static load capacity and dynamic mechanical property of this new type disc spring vibration isolator is validated through the static load tests or fatigue analysis. Compared with the rubber vibration isolator, the conclusion can be found: the new type vibration isolator has wider scope of vibration isolation, and is better in low frequency vibration isolation. These research achievements are of significant importance in the vibration isolation of heavy load and great shock mechanical equipment.
Dynamic Behavior of Cellular Materials under Combined Shear-Compression
Authors: Ding Yuan Yuan , Wang Shi Long , Zheng Zhi Jun , Yang Li Ming , Yu Ji Lin
Published: May 2016

A 3D cell-based finite element model is employed to investigate the dynamic biaxial behavior of cellular materials under combined shear-compression. The biaxial behavior is characterized by the normal stress and shear stress, which could be determined directly from the finite element results. A crush plateau stress is introduced to illustrate the critical crush stress, and the result shows that the normal plateau stress declines with the increase of the shear plateau stress, which climbs with the increase of loading angle. An elliptical criterion of normal plateau stress vs. shear plateau stress is obtained by the nonlinear regression method.
Finite Element Analysis Using Free Mesh Method
Authors: Lee Joon Seong
Published: May 2016

Recently, consumers are often dissatisfied with the battery life from even the most advanced lithium-ion rechargeable batteries in mobile phone. A mobile battery was chosen in this study because it is the flat plate of small thin wall which is expected to have some flexing. It is required to be evaluated and designed considering the coupled phenomena. Especially, this paper describes a meshless of element-free method based on fuzzy knowledge processing for battery of smart phone. Practical performance of the present method is demonstrated through heat conduction analysis.
Investment Profitability Analysis for Wind Power Project in Taiwan
Authors: Sheen J.N.
Published: May 2016

In this paper, fuzzy financial evaluation models are derived to analysis investment financial profitability and possibility for wind power generation project in Penghu, Taiwan. The financial subsidy and feed-in tariff (FIT) are two effective market mechanisms to promote wind power development in Taiwan. The performances of the proposed fuzzy profit models are verified by considering their application to a simulation case. The study shows the fuzzy financial indexes of the simulated 2,400 kW wind power project may little uneconomic possibility, with negative net present value, with benefit cost ratio smaller than 1, and with payback years longer than its life span, in both two scenarios. The FIT rates should be revised to match wind power current market to give more attractiveness for potential investors. The studied results are also consistent with those provided by the conventional crisp models, and provide readily implemented possibility analysis tools for use in the arena of uncertain finance.
Urban Rail Transit Types and Single Wire on the Propagation Law of Delays
Authors: Zhang Dong Xue , Wang Yan Hui , Wang Ya Fei
Published: May 2016

Along with our country, a steady and rapid development of economy, politics and culture, the traffic also got rapid development with the trend. The improvement of people's living standard in our country, more and more frequent transportation also emerged, the requirement for the quality of travel people also put forward higher requirements; Therefore, as a responsible for the daily commuter traffic tools, urban rail transit train delay problem should give our attention. The types of urban rail traffic delay is described in this paper, including the initial delay and joint and several delays, and expounds the time characteristics and spatial characteristics of delays, and the urban rail transit delays was studied, on the single line shows the single delays the transmission of the recursive formula, for the delay of the urban rail transit emergency disposal provides theory basis.
Dimension Determination of Highway Guardrail Based on Safety Collision with Vehicle
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhang Yi Wen , Li Jing , Song Da , Wu Kun Lun , Zhang Qi He
Published: May 2016

The highway guardrail is the last secure defense which can protect the driver and passenger safety and make the vehicles along the original correct direction when out of control. Collision simulation between vehicle and semi-rigid waveform beam guardrail was achieved. Collision model was given and dimension optimization of the semi-rigid waveform beam guardrail was completed. Dynamic explicit finite element method was applied to simulate and analyze collision process. Optimized height of the lower beam and thickness of the upper and lower beams were obtained, which helped save material, solve the tripping phenomenon and increase safety property of the highway guardrail.
Low Temperature Preparation of Thiocarbamide Doped TiO2 Film on Stainless Steel and its Antibacterial Efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Masae Mahamasuhaimi , Pitsuwan Pichaya , Sikong Lek , Kongsong Peerawas , Rattanapong Arun , Jaidum Chainarong
Published: May 2016

This study aimed to synthesize and then characterized the physical property of thiocarbamide (SN) doped TiO2 thin films performance coated on stainless steel surfaces at low temperature by a rotary evaporator-assisted sol–gel process. The study also investigated the efficiency of this compound to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The films were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photo electron microscopy (XPS) and inductively couple plasma (ICP). The result of the physical properties showed the smaller size of doped compound crystal (10.3 nm.) than undoped crystal (11.0 nm.) by the x-ray refraction test. The antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (63%) under UV irradiation showed SN doped TiO2 nano particulates film enhance bacterial inactivation within 150 minutes. The expected overall properties of nanocomposites may open the way towards new applications of high performance stainless steel, leading to an innovative product development in the hospitals, electronics for coatings and many other applications.
A case series of flow-through free anterolateral thigh flap to augment the vascularity of ischaemic limbs with soft tissue defect
Authors: Aggarwal Aditya , Singh Hardeep , Mahendru Sanjay , Brajesh Vimalendu , Singh Sukhdeep , Krishnan Srinivasan , Khazanchi Rakesh Kumar
Published: May 2016

Introduction: In a world of fast moving vehicles, heavy machinery and industries crush injury to limbs with vascular compromise and soft tissue defect is common. The traditional treatment is a 2 step one dealing with vascular repair and soft tissue cover separately, in the same operation. We report a series of single step vascular repair and soft tissue cover with flow through anterolateral thigh flap (ALT) flap for limb salvage. Materials and Methods: Ten patients with soft tissue defect and vascular injury were included in this study. A two team approach was used to minimise operative time, team one prepared the vessels and team 2 harvested the flap. Observations and Results: Of the ten patients operated (8 males), eight flaps were done for upper limb and two for lower limb salvage. Six anastomosis were done with ulnar vessels, two with radial and two with posterior tibial vessels. Nine extremities could be salvaged while one patient developed progressive thrombosis leading to amputation. Conclusion: The ALT flow-through flap is a versatile single step procedure that can be used to salvage an ischemic limb with soft tissue loss avoiding the need for interpositional vein graft.
Considerations for double-hand replantation in a resource-constrained healthcare facility
Authors: Nayak Bibhuti Bhusan , Mohanty Nilamani , Patnaik Annada Prasad , Bal Prasanta Kumar
Published: May 2016

Bilateral-hand amputation is extremely rare and double-hand replantation is even rarer. Only one case of successful double replantation at arm level has been reported from India. We present a case of double-hand replantation at proximal palmar level in a young adult executed in a small nursing home. The patient presented 5 h after injury with limbs preserved well in ice. There were difficulties in executing such an unusual case in a small nursing home set-up. The patient is performing his activities of daily living and basic functions independently. We share our experience of this double-hand replantation with special emphasis on problems encountered.
An audit cycle of consent form completion: A useful tool to improve junior doctor training
Authors: Leng Catherine , Sharma Kavita
Published: May 2016

Background: Consent for surgical procedures is an essential part of the patient's pathway. Junior doctors are often expected to do this, especially in the emergency setting. As a result, the aim of our audit was to assess our practice in consenting and institute changes within our department to maintain best medical practice. Methods: An audit of consent form completion was conducted in March 2013. Standards were taken from Good Surgical Practice (2008) and General Medical Council guidelines. Inclusion of consent teaching at a formal consultant delivered orientation programme was then instituted. A re-audit was completed to reassess compliance. Results: Thirty-seven consent forms were analysed. The re-audit demonstrated an improvement in documentation of benefits (91–100%) and additional procedures (0–7.5%). Additional areas for improvement such as offering a copy of the consent form to the patient and confirmation of consent if a delay occurred between consenting and the procedure were identified. Conclusion: The re-audit demonstrated an improvement in the consent process. It also identified new areas of emphasis that were addressed in formal teaching sessions. The audit cycle can be a useful tool in monitoring, assessing and improving clinical practice to ensure the provision of best patient care.
Preauricular transmasseteric anteroparotid approach for extracorporeal fixation of mandibular condyle fractures
Authors: Gali Rajasekhar , Devireddy Sathya Kumar , Venkata Kishore Kumar Rayadurgam , Kanubaddy Sridhar Reddy , Nemaly Chaithanyaa , Dasari Mallikarjuna
Published: May 2016

Introduction: Free grafting or extracorporeal fixation of traumatically displaced mandibular condyles is sometimes required in patients with severe anteromedial displacement of condylar head. Majority of the published studies report the use of a submandibular, retromandibular or preauricular incisions for the access which have demerits of limited visibility, access and potential to cause damage to facial nerve and other parotid gland related complications. Purpose: This retrospective clinical case record study was done to evaluate the preauricular transmasseteric anteroparotid (P-TMAP) approach for open reduction and extracorporeal fixation of displaced and dislocated high condylar fractures of the mandible. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study involved search of clinical case records of seven patients with displaced and dislocated high condylar fractures treated by open reduction and extracorporeal fixation over a 3-year period. The parameters assessed were as follows: a) the ease of access for retrieval, reimplantation and fixation of the proximal segment; b) the postoperative approach related complications; c) the adequacy of anatomical reduction and stability of fixation; d) the occlusal changes; and the e) TMJ function and radiological changes. Results: Accessibility and visibility were good. Accurate anatomical reduction and fixation were achieved in all the patients. The recorded complications were minimal and transient. Facial nerve (buccal branch) palsy was noted in one patient with spontaneous resolution within 3 months. No cases of sialocele or Frey's syndrome were seen. Conclusion: The P-TMAP approach provides good access for open reduction and extracorporeal fixation of severely displaced condylar fractures. It facilitates retrieval, transplantation, repositioning, fixing the condyle and also reduces the chances of requirement of a vertical ramus osteotomy. It gives straight-line access to condylar head and ramus thereby permitting perpendicular placement of screws with minimal risk of damage to the facial nerve.
Lipschitz Retractions in Hadamard Spaces via Gradient Flow Semigroups
Authors: Bačák Miroslav , Kovalev Leonid V.
Published: May 2016

Let X(n), for n ∊ ℕ, be the set of all subsets of a metric space (X, d) of cardinality at most n. The set X(n) equipped with the Hausdorff metric is called a finite subset space. In this paper we are concerned with the existence of Lipschitz retractions r: X(n)→ X(n − 1) for n ≥ 2. It is known that such retractions do not exist if X is the one-dimensional sphere. On the other hand, Kovalev has recently established their existence if X is a Hilbert space, and he also posed a question as to whether or not such Lipschitz retractions exist when X is a Hadamard space. In this paper we answer the question in the positive.
Juvenal, satira 7: Al' pri njih srce ledeno se ogreje, sam ne ve
Authors: Movrin David
Published: May 2016

Težave z razumevanjem literature, glede katerih se pevec v gornjem verzu pritožuje že nad lastnimi sodobniki, začnejo sorazmerno s časovno oddaljenostjo avtorja in bralca naraščati malodane eksponentno. Ravno zato literarna zgodovina znova in znova poudarja, kako je eden najbolj temeljnih pogojev za celostno razumevanje besedila prav poglobitev v kontekst, v katerem je nastalo. Nujnost tega početja se od izdelka do izdelka kajpak razlikuje: večino lahko bralec v zadostni meri razume že s pomočjo osnovnega pregleda nad svetovno zgodovino in literaturo, pri nekaterih pa je sporočilo jasno celo brez vsakršnega aparata. Juvenalov tekst ne spada v nobeno izmed tovrstnih enostavnih kategorij.
Josip Jurčič: Deseti brat (Krjavljeva zgodba)
Authors: Hriberšek Matej
Published: May 2016

Homo, qui haec verba locutus est, Lalemus, vir tanta iucunditate esse nobis videtur, ut eum diligentius describamus et cum eo particulam novam ineamus. Aiunt incolae vici, qui Obrhek nuncupatur - at iis etiam pueris haec gesta sunt - neminem nisi fratrem decimum Martinum Portentosum miraculum maius existimatum esse quam Lalemum.
Uvodnik
Authors: Šega Čeh Barbara
Published: May 2016

Dolgo se je medila prva številka revije za klasično filologijo Keria (Satovje) s podnaslovom Studia Latina et Graeca, končno pa se je vendarle znašla v rokah bralcev. Čeprav so lahko slovenski klasični filologi svoje znanstvene študije in prispevke tako pred osamosvojitvijo kot po njej objavljali v ugledni in že desetletja mednarodno uveljavljeni Živi antiki, ki izhaja v Makedoniji, so vendarle še kako potrebovali lastno strokovno revijo, ki bo slovensko javnost seznanjala z novimi odkritji s področja klasičnih in humanističnih ved v slovenskem in svetovnem merilu, obenem pa s povzetki člankov v svetovnih jezikih skušala tudi tujo javnost sproti opozarjati na nova dognanja slovenskih znanstvenikov, ki se ukvarjajo z antiko in humanizmom.
Zgodovina mojih nesreč (prevod in komentar Mateja Švajncer)
Authors: Abelard Peter
Published: May 2016

Večkrat zgledi vznemirijo ali pomirijo človeška čustva bolj kot besede1. Po številnih osebnih pogovorih, namenjenih tebi v tolažbo, sem se ti zato odločil odsotnemu pisati o svojih izkušnjah lastnih nesreč, da boš spoznal, kako nične ali neznatne so tvoje težave v primerjavi z mojimi in jih boš potrpežljiveje prenašal.
Vladimir Vratović: Latinski u hrvatskom kontekstu. Zagreb: Biakova, 2007
Authors: Gantar Kajetan
Published: May 2016

V naših časopisih lahko večkrat beremo negodovanje bralcev zaradi napačnega zapisa ali uporabe kake angleške besede.
Remo cum fratre Quirinus: Preobrazbe mita o ustanovitvi Rima od začetkov do Horacija
Authors: Tomažinčič Špela
Published: May 2016

Romul in Rem v rimski mitologiji nastopata kot brata dvojčka, sinova svečenice Ree Silvije in boga vojne Marsa, in kot ustanovitelja mesta Rim. Znana mitološka tema omogoča pomemben vpogled v rimsko mitotvorno dejavnost in v sodobne interpretacije pojava ‘rimski mit’. Avtorica se naslanja na nekatere novejše pristope in se v obravnavi rimske mitologije odreka tradicionalni grški perspektivi. Ker je Romul veljal za edinega ustanovitelja Rima, se članek posveča tudi motivom za uvedbo brata Rema. Zgodovinske preobrazbe Romulove teme, ki jim lahko sledimo od Enijevih Analov do Vergilijeve Eneide, Horacijeve sedme epode in tretje ‘rimske ode’ (C. 3.3), razkrivajo nenehno prilagajanje mita spreminjajočim se družbenim in političnim kontekstom.
Horacij: Sermones 1.8. Posmeh vraževerju (prevod Barbara Šega Čeh)
Authors: Horatius Horacij
Published: May 2016

»Figovčev panj sem bil nekdaj, povsem nekoristno poleno,ko je tesar oklevaje, če naj bom Priap ali pručka,rajši izklesal boga.«
Lefkios Zafiriu: Gangsterji. Prevod in spremna beseda Jelena Isak Kres. Zbirka Euroman 5. Ljubljana: Modrijan, 2008
Authors: Kalan Valentin
Published: May 2016

Aprila letos je Založba Modrijan izdala zbirko Euroman, ki jo sestavlja 27 proznih del iz 27 držav članic Evropske unije. Republiko Ciper predstavlja novela oziroma zgodba (Si^yn^a) Gangsterji (»Ol av^^oplrsq«), katere avtor je Lefkios Zafiriu (AeÜKioq Za^eipiou), prevajalka pa Jelena Isak Kres, ki je dodala tudi spremno besedo in opombe. Delo je izšlo leta 1982 v Lefkosiji pri založbi Pòntpo (Tolkač) in je bilo kmalu nato nagrajeno z državno nagrado.
Dolgi rekviem za cerkveno latinščino
Authors: Maver Aleš
Published: May 2016

Če človek verjame enemu naših najbolj ukoreninjenih stereotipov, bi se morale po slovenskih ulicah še vedno sprehajati trume latinsko govorečih zdravnikov in latinsko žebrajočih duhovnikov. In če je zgodba o tako imenovani medicinski latinščini, pod imenom katere se skriva s tem starodavnim jezikom ne preveč povezana čisto posebna grška kreolščina, česar seveda na glas ne povemo niti latinisti, saj bi sicer pljunili v lastno skledo in zavrgli dragocen marketinški trik, zanimiva, je zgodba o cerkveni latinščini vsaj na slovenskih tleh (pa tudi širše) šokantna.
Plutarh: Politika in morala. Prevod, komentar in spremni študiji Maja Sunčič. Uredila Maja Sunčič. Zbirka Dialog z antiko 9. Ljubljana: ISH, 2008
Authors: Grošelj Nada
Published: May 2016

Od leta 2004 dalje v slovenski prevodni književnosti spremljamo postopno zapolnjevanje bele lise, ki jo je do nedavnega predstavljal Plutarhov opus Moralia oz. grško Ethika, Etični spisi – zbirka 78 poljudnih in strokovnih razprav z najrazličnejšo tematiko od filozofije do naravoslovja (med njimi je tudi nekaj nepristnih).