bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends of perinatal mental health referrals and psychiatric admissions in Queensland
Authors: San Martin Porter Macarena A , Maravilla Joemer , Kisely Steve , Betts Kim S , Salom Caroline , Alati Rosa
Published: March 2022

Background:

Perinatal depression is often underdiagnosed; consequently, many women suffer perinatal depression without follow-up care. Screening for depressive symptoms during the perinatal period has been recommended in Australia to increase detection and follow-up of women suffering from depressive symptoms. Screening rates have gradually increased over the last decades in Australia.

Objective:

To explore trends in referrals of women to community mental health services during the perinatal period, and prenatal and postnatal admissions to psychiatric units, among those who gave birth in Queensland between 2009 and 2015.

Method:

Retrospective analyses of data from three linked state-wide administrative data collections. Trend analyses using adjusted Poisson regression models examined 426,242 births. Outcome variables included referrals to specialised mental health services; women admitted with a mood disorder during the second half of their pregnancy and during the first 3 months of the postnatal period; and women admitted with non-affective psychosis disorders during the second half of their pregnancy and during the first 3 months of the postnatal period.

Results:

We found an increase in mental health referrals during the perinatal period over time (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, [1.06, 1.08]) and a decrease in admissions with mood disorders during the first 3 months of the postnatal period (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval, [0.94, 0.98]). We did not find any changes in rates of admission for other outcomes.

Conclusion:

Since the introduction of universal screening in Queensland, referrals for mental health care during the perinatal period have increased, while admissions for mood disorders in the first 3 months after delivery decreased.
Foreign Anti-Mainstream Propaganda and Democratic Publics
Authors: Mader Matthias , Marinov Nikolay , Schoen Harald
Published: March 2022

Illiberal regimes use overt and covert political communication to influence public opinion in democracies. We present an argument about how such propaganda impacts targeted publics. We posit that effectiveness depends on whether the source of the message is revealed, on the nature of the issue, and on individual characteristics of the recipients. We test these propositions in Germany, in the context of Kremlin messaging, using eight survey experiments administered to a large sample of German voters ( n = 2, 303). Citizens who mistrust the government, believe in conspiracy theories, or are generally disconnected from politics are vulnerable to propaganda warfare that involves anti-mainstream messaging, while the rest of the populace is not. At the same time, providing a pro-Western, mainstream viewpoint and outing the Russian source are not generally effective countermeasures. We discuss the implications of illiberal regime communication for information wars between states and for the internal workings of democratic politics.*
Disclosure of Pharmaceutical Industry Funding of Patient Organisations in Nordic Countries: Can Industry Self-Regulation Deliver on its Transparency Promise?
Authors: Pashley Dylan , Ozieranski Piotr , Mulinari Shai
Published: March 2022

Pharmaceutical companies regularly fund patient organizations. It is important for patient organizations’ credibility that there be transparency regarding this financial support. In Europe, the pharmaceutical industry promises to deliver transparency through self-regulation, as opposed to legally binding provisions, but self-regulation's effectiveness is contested. We compared the industry's transparency of funding in four Nordic countries that, given their general reputation for high transparency, offered a critical test of self-regulation's ability to deliver on its transparency promise. For 2017–2019, we compared: national rules regarding funding disclosure; disclosure practices as evidenced by the availability, accessibility, and format of company transparency reports; and disclosure data, including payment descriptions and sums. Transparency problems differed in kind and magnitude between countries. In Norway and Finland, unlike in Sweden and Denmark, data on funding were difficult to access and analyze and sometimes seemed incomplete or missing. We explain that a key factor allowing for country differences is the freedom given to a country's pharmaceutical industry trade associations to form self-regulatory rules, provided they do not fall below the weak, European-level minimum requirements. Transparency could be improved by aligning rules and practices with the FAIR data principles: that is, corporate disclosures should be findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable.
Praising the Croc, Despising Nero: The Politics of Hero-Worshipping Leaders Through Music and Speech in Zimbabwe
Authors: Kenneth Takudzwa Munhuweyi
Published: March 2022

Music and speech have been utilized to enrich this study phenomenon to unveil the hero-worshipping in Zimbabwean leadership. The research examined that the post-independence Zimbabwe under Mugabe and Mnangagwa administration has found both leaders worshipped and attributed to as heroes, if not demigods. At the same time, how music and speech have been used to despise or smear campaign the opposition leadership. I argued that music and speech are at the center of ZANU-PF, evidenced in 21st century in a bid to win elections through political parties and individual image building.
Does Universities’ Research Output Aligned to National Development Goals Impact Economic Productivity? Evidence from Kenya
Authors: Ogot Madara , Onyango George Mark
Published: March 2022

Few studies on developing countries have investigated the alignment of research output to a country’s development agenda and economic productivity. Using evidence from Kenya, this study sought to empirically determine whether the country’s research output is aligned to its development agenda in the first instance and to establish the output’s relationship to economic productivity. Journal publications were used to measure research output. From the analysis, 86% of the publications fell within one or more of the national development priority areas, though 60% were in only 6 of the 35 areas. Several areas had no publications at all during the period under investigation. Furthermore, excluding the health and education sectors, a strong positive relationship was established between the number of publications in different priority areas and those areas’ contribution to Gross Domestic Product. The Government, therefore, needs to avail research funding to research institutions, which, in turn, need to focus their research effort on all identified national development priority areas if Kenya’s development aspirations are to be achieved and the desired economic growth attained.
From segregation to strengths: A personal history of special education
Authors: Wehmeyer Michael L.
Published: March 2022

Author Michael Wehmeyer began his career in special education shortly after the passage of the 1975 Education for All Handicapped Children Act (which later became the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, or IDEA). In those early days, he recounts, students with disability were mostly segregated from other children, and many of the adults who worked with them assumed they were uneducable. Since that time, the field has come a long way, and inclusive placements and teaching practices have become widespread. But still, Wehmeyer argues, traces of the old segregationist mindset remain. Perhaps the time has come, he concludes, to rethink the usefulness of “special education” as a category and to focus instead on providing personalized supports and services to all students.
The promises and pitfalls of mandating racial equity in special education
Authors: Voulgarides Catherine K.
Published: March 2022

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act has deep roots in the civil rights movement; however, the legislation, as currently applied, has done little to address racial inequities in services students with disabilities receive. Too often, schools, districts, and states focus on complying with the regulations, while failing to make necessary changes to improve student outcomes. Catherine Voulgarides describes how the confusing, cumbersome, and compliancedriven IDEA policy landscape interacts with the complex efforts to achieve equity. She shares examples of districts that were able to come into compliance with IDEA equity requirements in ways that contradicted what educators consider best practice and without examining the root causes of inequities. She concludes with recommendations for how to improve IDEA when it is next reauthorized.
What can states do to improve special education at the local level? A conversation with Rorie Fitzpatrick
Authors: Heller Rafael
Published: March 2022

Rorie Fitzpatrick of the National Center for Systemic Improvement talks with Kappan about the challenges states face when trying to ensure students with disabilities are receiving effective special education services. Funding and staffing are ongoing difficulties, and COVID brought some teacher recruitment and retention efforts to a halt. She suggests that districts adopt a multitiered system of support to better identify students needing support and reduce improper over-identification of students of color as needing services.
Making matters worse? COVID-19 and teacher recruitment
Authors: Bill Kayla , Bowsher Amanda , Malen Betty , Rice Jennifer King , Saltmarsh Jason E.
Published: March 2022

Amid already critical teacher shortages, the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted many teachers to leave the profession, but we know little about how it may affect teacher recruitment. Kayla Bill, Amanda Bowsher, Betty Malen, Jennifer King Rice, and Jason Saltmarsh conducted a survey and focus groups to explore how COVID-19 has influenced undergraduates’ interest in and perceptions of teaching. The pandemic has had mixed but troubling effects on undergraduates’ interest in teaching, and while it has increased their respect for teachers, it has also magnified their concerns about salary, safety, workload, and the disrespect teachers endure. Addressing these long-standing concerns may increase the likelihood that this sizable pool of prospective teachers will pursue teaching and help alleviate teacher shortages.
Under the law: The restraint and seclusion of students with disabilities
Authors: Kim Robert
Published: March 2022

In recent decades, researchers have learned that the use of restraint and/or seclusion to discipline students is ineffectual at best, and sometimes fatal. The U.S. Department of Education agrees, advising schools that “every effort should be made to structure environments and provide supports so that restraint and seclusion are unnecessary.” Even so, more than 100,000 students are restrained or secluded in U.S. public schools every year. Most are students with special needs.
Exploring Early-Career EFL Teachers’ Engagement in Professional Learning: Teaching Beliefs and Professional Values
Authors: Ulla Mark B.
Published: March 2022

While a number of studies focused on identity construction, teacher attrition, and lived experiences among early-career teachers, studies on early-career English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ professional practices for teacher learning remain underexplored. Using the United Kingdom Professional Standards Framework dimensions of professional practice as a framework and a narrative inquiry as a method, this study explores how early-career EFL teachers engaged in teacher learning through a reflective practice of their teaching beliefs, classroom practices, and professional values. Findings from the open-ended written interview questions and semi-structured individual interviews suggest that early-career EFL teachers’ experience and academic orientation influence their preconceived beliefs and professional values towards teaching. However, such beliefs and attitudes are negotiated and changed when teachers engage in teacher learning through a professional development program that provides them the space to reflect on who and what they are as teachers. This study has implications for early-career EFL teachers’ professional practices and language education curriculum programs.
Effect of Pro-Environmental Prenatal Education Program on Pregnant Women’s Environmental Health Awareness and Behaviors based on the Protection Motivation Theory
Authors: Kim Hyun Kyoung , Jeong Geum Hee
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to verify whether a pro-environmental prenatal education program has an effect on pregnant women’s environmental health awareness and behaviors in Korea. This quasi-experimental study employed a nonequivalent control group and nonsynchronized design based on the protection motivation theory as a theoretical framework. In total, 96 pregnant women had their data collected and analyzed in Korea (40 in the experimental group; and 56 in the control group). Data collection through self-reported questionnaire was conducted between September 2017 and August 2018. The program consisted of lectures and group activities aimed at educating participants on environmental awareness and behaviors. The data were analyzed using t-test, chi square test, and ANCOVA using SPSS 24.0 program. After the intervention, the experimental group showed significantly higher sensitivity (54.78 ± 9.47 and 49.75 ± 5.42; F = 15.13, P < .001), susceptibility (26.30 ± 5.18 and 24.28 ± 4.53; F = 53.94, P < .001), response efficacy (27.40 ± 3.40 and 25.18 ± 4.23; F = 39.42, P < .001), self-efficacy (22.43 ± 4.15 and 21.35 ± 4.25; F = 41.13, P < .001), individual environmental behavior (58.59 ± 12.25 and 51.93 ± 12.64; F = 172.75, P < .001), and communal environmental behavior (18.45 ± 9.68 and 13.13 ± 8.24; F = 126.26, P < .001) than the control group. The developed pro-environmental prenatal education program contained content on the environment and pregnancy, environmental toxin, effects of endocrine disruptors, airborne pollutants, water pollutant, soil pollutant, radio-electronic exposure, and pro-environmental health behaviors during pregnancy. Pregnant women who participated in the pro-environmental prenatal education program had positive changes in environmental health perceptions and behaviors. As environmental hazards continue to increase, pregnant women should receive effective motivational education on eco-environmental protection to increase their sensitivity to environmental risk factors and to encourage active environmental health behaviors.
The Production of Neoliberal Subjectivity in an Argentine Public University
Authors: Barboza Romina Andrea
Published: March 2022

Argentina’s public university system has shifted from the indelible reformist tradition of 1918, with its emancipatory and Latin American perspective, to a commodified education in line with the global logic introducing neoliberal rationality and the neoliberal subject into the Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. A review of recent reforms and a description of the university’s institutional measures is followed by possible lines of resistance, combining ideas from the 1918 reformist movement and the current Argentine feminist movement.

La universidad pública argentina está sufriendo una conversión de la tradición de indeleble marca reformista desde 1918 (de horizonte emancipatorio y latinoamericano) a una educación mercantilizada según la lógica global de la racionalidad neoliberal y del sujeto neoliberal, visible en la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Repaso reformas nacionales recientes, y describo las disposiciones institucionales de la universidad para llegar a una discusión sobre coordenadas posibles de resistencia entrecruzando ideas del movimiento reformista de 1918 y el actual movimiento feminista argentino.
A study on universal round trip time analysis for passenger demand beyond elevator contract capacity by Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: So Albert T.
Published: March 2022

The traditional elevator system design practice is to calculate the round trip time (RTT) and associated parameters of pure incoming traffic during up-peak, followed by real-time computer simulation. Recent studies indicated that the normal traffic is much more complicated, consisting of a mixture of incoming, outgoing and interfloor patterns. A major breakthrough to analytically calculate the Universal RTT, under such complicated traffic patterns, emerged 6 years ago based on an appropriate origin-destination matrix describing the passenger transit probability. That genesis model played safe by assuming that the total number of passengers demanding service within one round trip is limited elevator contract capacity, which is in line with the traditional up-peak incoming RTT formulae. In this article, such assumption is removed and the study is based on Monte Carlo simulation. It is found that there is room for enhancing the handling capacity, up to two times the contract capacity, by not sacrificing the RTT and average passenger transit time by too much. This phenomenon, that is, total passenger demand beyond contract capacity, is only valid under the existence of multiple entrance floors and/or mixed traffic conditions. This approach may prevent oversizing the design which could be more realistic.

Practical applications: Elevator system designers, according to ISO 8100:32:2020 and CIBSE Guide D: 2020, are recommended to carry out calculation of the RTT and related parameters before any real-time computer simulation. This practice has been adopted by the elevator industry for decades. However, conventional RTT evaluation is mainly on pure incoming traffic during up-peak. The Universal RTT calculation method developed in 2014–15 extended RTT evaluation to cover dominant and complicated traffic patterns of modern buildings, but the assumed number of passengers to be handled within one round trip was limited to the contract capacity of the elevator. This article further removes this limitation to evaluate the limit of handling capacity with reasonable RTT and average passenger transit time. Then, the Universal RTT method could be more realistic and rolled out, and prevent oversizing the system design.
The safe evacuation of persons from a building operating within COVID-19 restrictions
Authors: Brzezińska Dorota , Barański Mariusz , Bryant Paul , Haznar-Barańska Agnieszka
Published: March 2022

Buildings’ environmental conditions were changed drastically around the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic hazards and restrictions. New social distance rules and organizational changes in the buildings appeared to require a modified fire safety evacuation analysis. The total number of building users under the revised requirements was often limited. Some additional restrictions, such as the reduction of evacuation exit availability, could cause escape problems in the case of fire. In order to determine how the pandemic restrictions could influence the evacuation conditions, a sports hall building was used to assess the impact of the restrictions on evacuation strategies. The research covered test evacuation simulations using the ‘Pathfinder’ modelling software, as well as manual calculations of the expected evacuation time. It was found that the pandemic social distance requirements could cause adverse evacuation conditions in the case of fire. The research helped formulate a simple mathematical algorithm for determining safety evacuation parameters under pandemic restrictions.

Practical application

The surrounding conditions for new buildings are driven by the reduction of social distances imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. It has been found that pandemic social distancing can significantly extend the time of the evacuation of people. This article proposes a new simple mathematical algorithm for determining the evacuation parameters under pandemic restrictions, which allows the estimation of the required minimum width of emergency exits. This is a practical tool for those responsible for ensuring safety in buildings.
Multiple Identities and Sources of Reflected Appraisals in Identity Theory
Authors: Gallagher Mary , Marcussen Kristen , Serpe Richard T.
Published: March 2022

Identity theory assumes that individuals seek identity verification in the form of consistency between the meanings implied by perceived feedback from others (reflected appraisals) and their own self-meanings (identity standards) during social interaction. When there is a lack of identity verification (discrepancy), individuals experience negative outcomes such as psychological distress. Most adults hold multiple identities, and discrepancies in certain identities may cause more distress than others. Moreover, reflected appraisals come from various sources, and discrepancies with certain sources may be more influential than others. Yet most research on identity verification has not included multiple identities or multiple sources of reflected appraisals. We use structural equation modeling to simultaneously investigate associations between identity discrepancies with four sources of reflected appraisals (spouse, family, friends, and others in general) and distress (depressive symptoms) in a sample of 735 respondents who occupy three identities (spouse/partner, parent, and religious). We find that discrepancies in more obligatory identities and those involving reflected appraisals from more proximal sources of feedback are most consistently associated with depressive symptoms. Implications of these findings for advancing identity theory and research are discussed.
Expropriation of the expropriators
Authors: Blumenfeld Jacob
Published: March 2022

The ‘expropriation of the expropriators’ is a delicious turn of phrase, one that Marx even compares to Hegel’s infamous ‘negation of the negation’. But what does it mean, and is it still relevant today? Before I analyse the content of Marx’s expression, I briefly consider contemporary legal understandings of expropriation, as well as some examples of it. In the remainder of the essay, I spell out different kinds of expropriation in Marx and focus on an ambiguity at the core of the notion of ‘expropriating the expropriators’, namely, whether it describes an immanent and objective tendency within the development of the capitalist mode of production or else actively prescribes a form of revolutionary political praxis for the working class. My answer is that it does both, though not without tension. Finally, I develop some implications of these reflections by showing how the concept of expropriation can be put to use today, in struggles around housing, climate and work.
RAD51 Inhibitor and Radiation Toxicity in Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Thielhelm Torin P. , Nourbakhsh Aida , Welford Scott M. , Mellon Eric A. , Bracho Olena , Ivan Michael E. , Telischi Fred , Fernandez‐Valle Cristina , Dinh Christine T.
Published: March 2022

Objective

To describe the RAD51 response (DNA repair) to radiation‐induced DNA damage in patient‐derived vestibular schwannoma (VS) cells and investigate the utility of RAD51 inhibitor (RI‐1) in enhancing radiation toxicity.

Study Design

Basic and translational science.

Setting

Tertiary academic facility.

Methods

VS tumors (n = 10) were cultured on 96‐well plates and 16‐well slides, exposed to radiation (0, 6, 12, or 18 Gy), and treated with RI‐1 (0, 5, or 10 µM). Immunofluorescence was performed at 6 hours for γ‐H2AX (DNA damage marker), RAD51 (DNA repair protein), and p21 (cell cycle arrest protein). Viability assays were performed at 96 hours, and capillary Western blotting was utilized to determine RAD51 expression in naïve VS tumors (n = 5).

Results

VS tumors expressed RAD51. In cultured VS cells, radiation initiated dose‐dependent increases in γ‐H2AX and p21 expression. VS cells upregulated RAD51 to repair DNA damage following radiation. Addition of RI‐1 reduced RAD51 expression in a dose‐dependent manner and was associated with increased γ‐H2AX levels and decreased viability in a majority of cultured VS tumors.

Conclusion

VS may evade radiation injury by entering cell cycle arrest and upregulating RAD51‐dependent repair of radiation‐induced double‐stranded breaks in DNA. Although there was variability in responses among individual primary VS cells, RAD51 inhibition with RI‐1 reduced RAD51‐dependent DNA repair to enhance radiation toxicity in VS cells. Further investigations are warranted to understand the mechanisms of radiation resistance in VS and determine whether RI‐1 is an effective radiosensitizer in patients with VS.
Book review: Suvobrata Sarkar, Let there be Light: Engineering, Entrepreneurship and Electricity in Colonial Bengal, 1880–1945
Authors: Chaudhury Shrimoy Roy
Published: March 2022

Suvobrata Sarkar, Let there be Light: Engineering, Entrepreneurship and Electricity in Colonial Bengal, 1880–1945, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2020, xi+294 pp., (Hardcover).
Getting a Foot in the Door: Trade Credit Strategies and the Pursuit of Entrepreneurial Internationalisation
Authors: Hunt Richard A , Hayward Mathew LA , Song Yue , Townsend David M , Stallkamp Maximilian
Published: March 2022

Trade credit strategies – comprised of the approaches used by internationalising firms to set the payment terms and schedules for their customers – are one of the few levers available to new small firms to overcome the liability of outsidership. They are vital to entrepreneurial firms seeking to achieve international market growth in the context of scarce resources and limited knowledge of foreign markets and partners. Though under-explored and under-theorised to-date, trade credits may unlock material insights for predictive models of entrepreneurial growth. As such, our study develops and tests the notion that trade credits constitute an important mechanism for entrepreneurial firms to initiate goodwill and generate valuable referrals. However, our findings also suggest that while riskier trade credit strategies help first-time exporters combat exclusion from networks key to a firm’s ability to internationalise, the attendant risks often have a detrimental impact on long-term profitability and survival, thus creating a decision-making conundrum for growth-aspirants. Drawing upon a sample of 88,000 export transactions by 1040 small lumber firms from 52 countries, we advance theory and practice by showing how trade credit strategies shape both growth and performance.
The indirect effect is omitted variable bias. A cautionary note on the theoretical interpretation of products-of-coefficients in mediation analyses
Authors: Coenen Lennert
Published: March 2022

This paper intends to remind communication scientists that the indirect effect as estimated in mediation analyses is a statistical synonym for omitted variable bias (i.e. confounding or suppression). This simple fact questions the interpretability of statistically significant ‘indirect effects’ when using observational data: in social reality, all variables correlate with each other to some extent – the so-called ‘crud factor’ – which means that omitted variable bias and ‘indirect effects’ at the population level are virtually guaranteed regardless of the actual variables involved in the statistical mediation model. As a result, there can be no inferential link between the observation of a significant indirect effect and a theoretical claim of mediation. Through this argument, the paper hopes to add to the existing warnings on mediation analyses and cultivate a more critical interpretation of ‘indirect effects’ in communication science.
Rural service hubs and socially innovative rural-urban linkages: A conceptual framework for nexogenous development
Authors: Goodwin-Hawkins Bryonny , Oedl-Wieser Theresia , Ovaska Ulla , Morse Aimee
Published: March 2022

Co-locating services has become a common solution to the many longstanding challenges of service access and provision in rural areas. Rural service hubs – which offer two or more services at the same outlet – take many forms, typically responding to triggers for social innovation. Despite their growing ubiquity, however, rural service hubs have been little studied in comparative perspective. This article shifts the lens on service hubs from place-based solutions towards a broader, multi-scalar and multi-level perspective on rural connectivity. We propose a five dimension conceptual framework in contribution to the emerging theorisation of nexogenous rural development a model for resourceful reconnection beyond place and across rural–urban space. Drawing on examples from Austria, Finland and Wales, we illustrate how diverse service hub models mobilise social innovation, networks, scale and proximity to support service access and provision.
GKNet: Grasp keypoint network for grasp candidates detection
Authors: Xu Ruinian , Chu Fu-Jen , Vela Patricio A
Published: March 2022

Contemporary grasp detection approaches employ deep learning to achieve robustness to sensor and object model uncertainty. The two dominant approaches design either grasp-quality scoring or anchor-based grasp recognition networks. This paper presents a different approach to grasp detection by treating it as keypoint detection in image-space. The deep network detects each grasp candidate as a pair of keypoints, convertible to the grasp representation g = { x, y, w, θ} T, rather than a triplet or quartet of corner points. Decreasing the detection difficulty by grouping keypoints into pairs boosts performance. To promote capturing dependencies between keypoints, a non-local module is incorporated into the network design. A final filtering strategy based on discrete and continuous orientation prediction removes false correspondences and further improves grasp detection performance. GKNet, the approach presented here, achieves a good balance between accuracy and speed on the Cornell and the abridged Jacquard datasets (96.9% and 98.39% at 41.67 and 23.26 fps). Follow-up experiments on a manipulator evaluate GKNet using four types of grasping experiments reflecting different nuisance sources: static grasping, dynamic grasping, grasping at varied camera angles, and bin picking. GKNet outperforms reference baselines in static and dynamic grasping experiments while showing robustness to varied camera viewpoints and moderate clutter. The results confirm the hypothesis that grasp keypoints are an effective output representation for deep grasp networks that provide robustness to expected nuisance factors.
Occupational therapists’ experiences of implementing occupation-based practice in neurology, and its impact on professional identity
Authors: Bolt Brianny , Lalor Aislinn , Barclay Linda , Brown Sarah , Growse Lauren
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Facilitating engagement in meaningful occupations underpins occupational therapy intervention. Occupation-based practice, while linked to improved professional identity and job satisfaction for occupational therapists, is challenging to implement, particularly in hospital settings. This study aimed to explore occupational therapists’ perceptions of their role, and facilitators and challenges to implementing occupation-based practice in neurology.

Method

This qualitative descriptive study included semi-structured interviews with seven occupational therapists working in Australian acute/sub-acute neurology settings.

Findings

Three themes identified: Conceptualisation versus implementation of occupation-based practice; Use of occupation-based practice impacts role satisfaction; Promoting the profession. Participants described using occupations in their practice as important, however, reported that the challenges of the neurology environment hindered their ability to carry out occupation-based practice.

Conclusion

This study provides insights into occupational therapist’s perceptions regarding occupation-based practice in neurology settings, finding there is a need for occupational therapists to promote their role and use of occupations in neurology settings, and that occupation-based practice impacts job satisfaction. The study highlights occupational therapists working in neurology settings would benefit from a number of approaches including student interprofessional activities, potential buddy system for new graduates and experienced clinicians, and increased support by the profession to maintain their identity as occupation-based specialists.
Investigation of the factors affecting the e-learning process in occupational therapy education during the pandemic with principal component analysis
Authors: Öztürk Başar , Akarsu Remziye , Kayıhan Hülya , Çelik Yusuf , Kayhan Saynur Elif
Published: March 2022

Introduction

The aim of this study is to examine the factors affecting the e-learning process in occupational therapy education in the COVID-19 period.

Method

In the study, a form containing personal information and questions about the e-learning process, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were applied to 253 occupational therapy students via the Google form. Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the data.

Results

A large number of questionnaires were applied in the study, and principal component analysis, an advanced statistical method that enables the interpretation of this type of big data more effectively, was used. 13 components were determined, and a variance of 88% was explained. The main components were listed as students’ self-perception about the education system, learning methods, home and university environment, information technologies, physical activity level, and academic performance/participation.

Conclusion

We hope that the results of our study will provide a perspective on what innovations can be made for quality improvement in occupational therapy education. It would be beneficial to increase student feedback by applying similar studies in other education programs.
Immune response against toxoplasmosis—some recent updates RH: Toxoplasma gondii immune response
Authors: Sana Madiha , Rashid Muhammad , Rashid Imran , Akbar Haroon , Gomez-Marin Jorge E , Dimier-Poisson Isabelle
Published: March 2022

Aims

Cytokines, soluble mediators of immunity, are key factors of the innate and adaptive immune system. They are secreted from and interact with various types of immune cells to manipulate host body’s immune cell physiology for a counter-attack on the foreign body. A study was designed to explore the mechanism of Toxoplasma gondii ( T. gondii) resistance from host immune response.

Methods and results

The published data on aspect of host (murine and human) immune response against T. gondii was taken from Google scholar and PubMed. Most relevant literature was included in this study. The basic mechanism of immune response starts from the interactions of antigens with host immune cells to trigger the production of cytokines (pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory) which then act by forming a cytokinome (network of cytokine). Their secretory equilibrium is essential for endowing resistance to the host against infectious diseases, particularly toxoplasmosis. A narrow balance lying between Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines (as demonstrated until now) is essential for the development of resistance against T. gondii as well as for the survival of host. Excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines leads to tissue damage resulting in the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines which enhances the proliferation of Toxoplasma. Stress and other infectious diseases (human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)) that weaken the host immunity particularly the cellular component, make the host susceptible to toxoplasmosis especially in pregnant women.

Conclusion

The current review findings state that  in vitro harvesting of IL12 from DCs, Np and MΦ upon exposure with  T. gondii might be a source for therapeutic use in toxoplasmosis. Current review also suggests that therapeutic interventions leading to up-regulation/supplementation of SOCS-3, IL12, and IFNγ to the infected host could be a solution to sterile immunity against  T. gondii infection. This would be of interest particularly in patients passing through immunosuppression owing to any reason like the ones receiving anti-cancer therapy, the ones undergoing immunosuppressive therapy for graft/transplantation, the ones suffering from immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or having AIDS. Another imortant suggestion is to launch the efforts for a vaccine based on GRA6Nt or other similar antigens of T. gondii as a probable tool to destroy tissue cysts.
Reciprocal Support within Intimate Relationships: Examining the Association with Depression and Anxiety
Authors: Hansard Stephanie Molinda
Published: March 2022

Sociological research has established the importance of social support for mental health. Although social support is exchanged within relationships, most research on the relationship between support and mental health examines the perspective of only one person. This study uses the Actor-partner Interdependence Model (APIM) to examine the relationship between perceived support and depressive and anxiety symptoms in intimate partner relationships. Results show that when one perceives more support from one’s partner, one’s depressive and anxiety symptoms are lower. These results are not moderated by gender. Findings indicate that, while one’s own perceived support affects one’s own mental health, one’s partner’s perceived support does not affect one’s mental health, either directly or through moderation. This study advances prior research by examining support and mental health within intimate partner relationships from the perspectives of both relationship partners. Further research using longitudinal data is recommended.
Government failure or irresponsible residents? Framing Detroit’s water shutoffs before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mesmer Kelsey , Frazier Darryl , Burgess Scott
Published: March 2022

This content analysis of news stories about the Detroit water shutoffs sought to understand how the ongoing water crisis is framed in local Detroit newspapers—as a human rights issue, or in relation to the city’s financial burden. Using a deductive framing approach, we paid special attention to the frames used within stories and whether articles contained context related to the water shutoffs, specifically about health implications. We paid particular attention to how the focus on health implications changed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Results showed that stories about the water shutoffs often included an economic consequences and responsibility frame which put the blame for the water shutoffs on the city’s government and simultaneously called for the city to step up and fix the problem. Very few news articles focused on the human element of the story, with only a small fraction of the stories including the voices of residents living with no water or focusing on the health implications for those without running water in their homes. These findings led us to make strategic recommendations for reporters covering the water shutoffs in Detroit and similar areas.
Navy victuallers and the rise of Cheshire cheese
Authors: Atkins Peter J.
Published: March 2022

In the 1990s Charles Foster claimed that a commercial Cheshire cheese trade began in 1650, the year when the first coastwise cargo from Chester was recorded in the London port books. One purpose of this research note is to embellish Foster's claim by suggesting that an even greater influence on this trade was the adoption from the early 1840s by England's state-appointed victuallers of Cheshire cheese as one of their standard commodities. They then supplied it in bulk to the navy and also to army garrisons in theatres of war such as Ireland and Scotland. The victualler who played the principal role in this provisioning from the 1640s to the 1670s was Denis Gauden. His career is followed, and his final downfall, which was caused by inadequate and chaotic government financial systems.
Tradition and Transfiguration: Understanding the Orthodox Theological Foundations of the Role of the Church in the Public Sphere
Authors: Harper Demetrios
Published: March 2022

This article critiques the theological and moral foundations that undergird the approach of the document For the Life of the World: Toward a Social Ethos of the Orthodox Church to the question of the Church's role in the public sphere. The article's focus is essentially two-fold. First, it strives to clarify For the Life of the World's hermeneutical method through a consideration of its frequent appeals to the authority of the Orthodox tradition. Second, the article seeks to understand the document's tacit reliance upon a Eucharistic model of ecclesiology and its connection to the recurring theme of the ‘transfiguring of the world’.
Research Domain Criteria (RDoC): Progress and Potential
Authors: Cuthbert Bruce N.
Published: March 2022

The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) addressed in its 2008 Strategic Plan an emerging concern that the current diagnostic system was hampering translational research, as accumulating data suggested that the system’s disorder categories constituted heterogeneous syndromes rather than specific diseases. However, established practices in peer review placed high priority on that system’s disorders in evaluating grant applications for mental illness. To provide guidelines for alternative study designs, NIMH set a goal to develop new ways of studying psychopathology based on dimensions of measurable behavior and related neurobiological measures. The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project is the result, intended to build a literature that informs new conceptions of mental illness and future revisions to diagnostic manuals. The framework calls for the study of empirically derived fundamental dimensions characterized by related behavioral/psychological and neurobiological data (e.g., reward valuation, working memory). RDoC also emphasizes approaches including neurodevelopment, environmental effects, and the full range of dimensions of interest (from typical to increasingly abnormal), as well as research designs that integrate data across behavioral, biological, and self-report measures. This article provides an overview of the project’s first decade and its potential future directions. RDoC remains grounded in experimental psychopathology perspectives, and its progress is strongly linked to psychological measurement and integrative approaches to brain-behavior relationships.
ABC Smart Coffee Maker: A Young Techno Start-Up
Authors: Wongtada Nittaya
Published: March 2022

A team of three young entrepreneurs formed the Auroma Brewing Company (ABC) in November 2014 right after their graduation from the University of British Columbia, Canada. Their first product was a smart coffee maker which could brew coffee with high precision, allowing users to experiment with variations in the brew. After successfully raising funds online in January 2016, they moved to Shenzhen, China, to manufacture the device. The initially promised shipment date was August 2017, but—as of October 2017—the backer and pre-order buyers were still waiting for their smart coffee maker. The team had faced several obstacles in outsourcing parts to various manufacturers, which caused several delays in shipping the device to the backers who had supported their project through the crowdfunding platforms. After the first delay, about one-tenth of the backers withdrew their supports. After successive delays, the remaining backers became more agitated and questioned the team’s ability to deliver the smart coffee device successfully. Detecting the market potential of ABC’s device, a large company had proposed to acquire ABC’s technology. The team wondered whether they should accept the offer or if they should explore other opportunities.
Racist Stacking in Professional Soccer in Germany
Authors: Nobis Tina , Lazaridou Felicia
Published: March 2022

Racist stacking is a phenomenon in team sports in which Black players are underrepresented in tactical and leading positions, while they are overrepresented in decentralized and physical positions. In this article, we propose that racist stacking is a type of institutional racism characterized by racist ascriptions incorporated in the daily routines of sport institutions. We explored whether racist stacking happens in soccer in Germany based on these assumptions. The results of an examination of the 36 teams in the male divisions of the first and second Bundesliga in the 2020/2021 season are presented in this article. We discovered patterns in our data that support a theory of racist stacking. White players are more likely to play positions associated with leadership, oversight, responsibility, intelligence, and organization, whereas Black players are more likely to play positions associated with aggressiveness, speed, and instinct. We conclude that, contrary to popular belief, professional sports do not just rely on the competitiveness principle. Instead, some decisions appear to be made on the basis of racist attributions, whether purposefully or accidentally.
Deformation properties of novel chain-like structural magneto-active elastomers
Authors: Gong Di , Yang Fan , Qian Wenbo , Li Chenghong , Lin Dezhao , Li Ruihong , Jia Sheng , Chen Yunxiao , Zhao Feng , Chen Hongwei
Published: March 2022

Soft Magneto-active Elastomer (MAE) with soft magnetic particles arranged in chains (chain-like structure) can be driven by homogenous magnetic fields, which has great application potential in the area of soft robots. It is important to reveal the relationship between the magneto-actuation characteristics and the arrangement of chain angle, which is one of the essential issues for the practical application of the MAE with chain-like structure. In this study, the kinetic deformation properties of centimeter-scale soft MAE samples with different chain angles subjected to applied homogenous magnetic fields will be investigated based on the designed experimental set-up, and then a mathematical model will be proposed to describe the kinetic deformation properties. The presented research work will provide fundamental investigation on the application of soft robots based on MAE type materials.
Tracing the source of unsteady-state low-frequency noise based on wavelet coherence analysis
Authors: Xie Xiaoping , Chen Yongzhen , Hu Shan , Hao Lifeng
Published: March 2022

The original partial coherence analysis method can be used to analyze the contributions between different noise sources and field points under steady-state conditions. Nevertheless, coherence analysis cannot be used to deal with unsteady-state signals because the signals are time-varying. In this paper, the method of panel contribution under unsteady-state conditions based on wavelet coherence analysis is proposed to determine the largest noise contribution in the cab. First, the unsteady-state simulation signals are analyzed by wavelet coherence theory. This step not only verifies the effectiveness but also points out that wavelet coherence is more superior to crossed wavelet. Second, the measured unsteady-state signals of the eight measuring points are processed by time-frequency wavelet coherent analysis. According to the obtained two-dimensional time-frequency diagrams, the contribution of different panels to the noise of measuring field points in the continuous frequency range can be found out. Then, the total contribution coefficient sum of each panel in a certain frequency band is calculated. Finally, the above analysis results are used to determine the panels with the largest contribution to the cab noise. The corresponding noise reduction scheme is also proposed. The results show that the overall sound pressure level is obviously decreased after optimization. The noise in the cab is reduced by 4.5dBA ∼ 7dBA. The effectiveness of this method has been further verified by the above results.