bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
World-Systems Ground of Terrorist Threats: on the Issue of Methodology for Studying Armed Conflicts in the Post-Soviet Space
Authors: Lukyanov N. E. , Izgarskaya A. A.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. The purpose of the article is to systematize the world-system prerequisites for terrorist threats, to show the place of terrorism within the theoretical structures of the movement of capital in the world-system and the maturation of contradictions in the functioning of its cycle.

   Methodology and sources. The authors use the “Figure-ground movement” method proposed by T. K. Hopkins and consider the world-system as a background for the study of terrorism. Refocusing perception makes it possible to more clearly see the connections between terrorism and the world-system. The geopolitical concept of R. Collins and M. Crenshaw’s concept of the development of terrorist organizations are used as theoretical foundations in addition to the world-system approach.

   Results and discussion. A series of successive refocuses were carried out to identify the connections between terrorism and the contradictions of the capitalist world-system. As a result, it was shown that the hegemon and the core states achieve success by maintaining a «civilized» order in the world-system by declaring the values of centrist liberalism. However, it must be recognized that states often use less expensive than the introduction of regular troops, but illegitimate means of terror to protect their interests. Terror can be used in the struggle for power when core states include their economies in a network of cumulative vectors. A number of prerequisites were discovered after a refocus from terrorism to the movement of capital in the world-system cycle. The movement of capital from the core to the periphery increases social inequality and causes the growth of national and ethnic differences that can feed separatist ideologies of terrorism. The outflow of capital from the economies of non-core areas increases the ability of the political force that has challenged the hegemon and the core states to mobilize the population under anti-system slogans that can fuel international terrorism. Based on the obtained theoretical models, the prerequisites for terrorist activity on the territory of the USSR and in the post-Soviet space were briefly described.

   Conclusion. The authors emphasize that the resulting theoretical models require additional verification. The next stage in the study of the causes of terrorism should be an analysis of the mechanisms of formation of terrorist organizations based on specific cases.
How Social Philosophy is Possible: the Transition from Postmodern to Metamodern
Authors: Arshin K. V.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. The establishment of the dominance of postmodernism as a key paradigm of philosophical knowledge raised the question of the subject of social philosophy as a philosophical discipline that studies the problems of sociality in relation to a person. On the one hand, this led to a crisis in the social sciences, since social philosophy lost its status as a metascience in the structure of social knowledge. On the other hand, it expanded the subject field of social philosophy, including in it objects to which the interest of social philosophers had never been directed (inanimate objects, animals).

   Methodology and sources. The basis of the methodology of the work is the methods of critical analysis and comparative studies, which allows us to describe the logic of the development of the problem of the loss of the unity of its subject by social philosophy within the framework of events of both real and intellectual history.

   Results and discussion. The article makes an attempt to describe possible transformations of the thematic field of social philosophy in the process of transition from postmodernity to metamodernity. The author, analyzing the recognized problem of modern social philosophy (its fragmentation, the absence of an object of study), demonstrates the possibility of its defragmentation during the metamodern period when research interest is turned to such issues as the study of man as a social being, the influence of new technologies on the transformation of man and the social, the rethinking of the social in the explosive development of technology, and finally, the study of the dialectics of social emotions on society and man.

   Conclusion. The author comes to the conclusion that in its current state, fragmented social philosophy is not ready for subject reorientation, which means the need for qualitative changes in the subject of social philosophy.
Associative Field “Brest Region” as a Way to Model a Fragment of the Linguistic Consciousness of Residents of the Brest Region
Authors: Ilyicheva I. L.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Modeling geopolitical images using anthropometric methods is a new and relevant direction in modern scientific knowledge. The article examines the image of the Brest region through the prism of the linguistic consciousness of the inhabitants of the Brest region.

   Methodology and sources. The theoretical basis of this study was the work of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of linguistic research methods (A.A. Zalevskaya, N.I. Kurganova, A.V. Rudakova, O.N. Seliverstova, I.A. Sternin, N.V. Akovantsev, etc.), psycholinguistics and linguistic consciousness (E.I. Goroshko, A.A. Zalevskaya, L.O. Butakova, Yu.N. Karaulov, A.A. Leontiev, A.P. Klimenko, Z.D. Popova, I.A. Sternin, E.F. Tarasov, N.V. Ufimtseva, etc.). The study was carried out within the framework of the project “Brest region through the eyes of people of different professions” together with the main department of ideological work and youth affairs of the Brest Regional Executive Committee. The research material was 1062 associations obtained during a free association experiment, in which 400 representatives of the cultural sphere took part.

   Results and discussion. During the association experiment, the free association technique was used. In the questionnaires, respondents were asked to write 3–5 associations for the stimulus phrase “Brest region” within a limited time period. Based on the obtained associative reactions, an associative field was formed and 9 thematic groups were identified. Based on the ranking of thematic groups in accordance with quantitative data, layers in the cognitive structure of the image of the Brest region are identified.

   Conclusion. An association experiment is the most effective method that allows us to identify the attitude of residents of a region to the surrounding reality. This attitude is expressed by linguistic means and reflects the understanding of the world, its conceptualization, as well as the strategy of communication and verbal existence of the individual.
AI in Manufacturing: Driving Operational Excellence
Authors: Arvindan Badrinarayanan
Published: November 2024

This comprehensive article explores the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the manufacturing sector, focusing on key operational areas, including automated operations management, predictive maintenance, advanced production planning, and quality control enhancement. The article examines how AI technologies revolutionize traditional manufacturing processes through intelligent automation, data-driven maintenance strategies, sophisticated production planning, and enhanced quality control systems. The article demonstrates significant improvements in operational efficiency, maintenance optimization, production accuracy, and product quality across diverse manufacturing environments. Through detailed analysis of implementation cases and industry studies, this paper illustrates how AI integration drives operational excellence while creating new paradigms in intelligent manufacturing systems.
Colorectal Cancer Symptoms and Risk Factors - A Review
Authors: Kalpana K  , Dr. G. N. K. Suresh Babu
Published: November 2024

Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that affects the colon (large intestine) or rectum. It is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. It can cause severe harm and death. The risk of colorectal cancer increases with age. Most cases affect people over 50 years old. Common symptoms include diarrhoea, constipation, blood in the stool, abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and low iron levels. Many people will not have symptoms in the early stages of the disease. The risk of colorectal cancer can be reduced by eating a healthy diet, staying physically active, not smoking tobacco and limiting alcohol. Regular screenings are crucial for early detection. Colon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In 2020, more than 1.9 million new cases of colorectal cancer and more than 930 000 deaths due to colorectal cancer were estimated to have occurred worldwide. Large geographical variations in incidence and mortality rates were observed. The incidence rates were highest in Europe and Australia and New Zealand, and the mortality rates were highest in Eastern Europe. By 2040 the burden of colorectal cancer will increase to 3.2 million new cases per year (an increase of 63%) and 1.6 million deaths per year (an increase of 73%). Incidence rates of colorectal cancer have been decreasing in high-income countries, largely as a result of effective screening programmes. The prognosis for colorectal cancer varies depending on the stage at diagnosis. Early-stage cancers have higher survival rates than advanced-stage cancers. Timely diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and regular follow-up care are important for improving survival rates and quality of life.
A Digitalization in Banking Industry: Impact of Interface Design on Customer Loyalty of Mobile Banking in Indonesia
Authors: Anita Dwi Anita
Published: November 2024

This research is a study to analyze the effect of Interface Design on customer loyalty in mobile banking applications in Indonesia. This research methodology uses a questionnaire distribution technique for millennial generation respondents who use mobile banking in Indonesia, using the Likert Scale method, and data processing techniques using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method. This research aims to examine the significant influence of Interface Design on customer loyalty in mobile banking applications in Indonesia. This digital transformation in the banking industry provides benefits for both banks and their customers. Banking digitalization can provide benefits for accelerating customer transactions, avoiding human errors for manual transactions at offline branches, and increasing banks’ efficiency because it reduces manual processes in serving customer transactions. For customers, mobile banking applications accelerate transactions, time efficiency without having to come to an offline branch, and flexibility to create transactions. The hypothesis indicates that interface design significantly impacts loyalty customers using mobile banking applications. This research is useful for the banking industry to accommodate a user-friendly interface design to increase the competitive advantage for banks that provide mobile banking applications.
Competencies Increase the Value of Job Seekers: a Case for Fresh Graduates
Authors: Istikomah Kartini , Suhartono Suahrtono , Wahyudi Widi
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the direct and indirect effects of formal education and salary variables on time looking for jobs with competence as the intervening variable. This study uses prime data in the form of questionnaires which are distributed to fresh graduate students who have gotten jobs. This study used the intervening regression method with R Studio software to process the data. The research results formal education cannot directly affect the competence of fresh graduate students and can indirectly influence formal education through competence on time looking for jobs. Meanwhile, salary can affect competence directly and have an indirect effect between salary through competence on time looking for fresh graduate student jobs.
SMI Influence On Co-Branding Purchase
Authors: Andini Ariesa Putri , Hadiprawoto Triana Rahajeng
Published: November 2024

This study aims to determine what co-branding factors can influence consumer purchases of local fashion brand collaboration products with social media influencers. There are four co-brand factors that we want to see influence consumer purchases, namely brand coolness, product involvement, and the relationship between the brand itself and influencers. Data collection was carried out through an online survey of 206 female respondents who live in the 10 largest cities in Indonesia and know nine collaboration products of local fashion brands with influencers from various backgrounds. The collected data then will be analyzed using the structural equation partial least squares (SEM-PLS) method to measure the relationship between brand coolness, self-brand connection with influencers, product involvement, influencer expertise, perceived suitability, attitudes towards co-brands, purchase probability considering self -brand connection with fashion brands and a tendency towards novelty seeking, Based on the research concluded that brand coolness has positive influence but no significant effect on perceived fit. Self-brand connection with influencers is unable to moderate the relationship between brand coolness with perceived fit, product involvement has a negative effect but not a significant effect on perceived fit. This study shows that there is a relationship between SMI expertise with perceived fit. Meanwhile, SMI expertise has positive effect but not significant on attitude towards co-brand and expertise has a negative and insignificant effect on purchase probability, perceived fit has positive and significant effect on attitude towards co-brand, noted that attitude towards co-brand positively and significantly has an effect on purchase probability.
Interpreting the Elements of Halal Tayyiban into Regional Development: The Case of the Siak Regency
Authors: Loekman Agus Suyitno , Perdana Firdaus Fanny Putera
Published: November 2024

This paper examines the integration of Halalan Tayyiban principles within the sustainable development policies of Siak Regency, Indonesia. The regency was recognized as a "Green Regency" in 2016 for its environmental initiatives. It explores the alignment of these Islamic ethical teachings with Siak's jurisdictional approach to achieving socio-economic and environmental sustainability. The methodology involves a comprehensive literature review and thematic analysis of secondary data. The discussion highlights the potential of incorporating Halalan Tayyiban to strengthen environmental sustainability, promote social equity, and enhance economic development. The discussion also acknowledges the challenges such as regulatory complexity and cultural sensitivities. Recommendations include streamlining regulatory processes, fostering interfaith dialogue, leveraging market differentiation, and investing in community education. Future research directions are proposed to quantify the impact of Halalan Tayyiban principles on sustainability outcomes and explore the scalability of Siak's model. The study contributes to the topic of enhancement regarding sustainable development within Islamic ethics and offers insights for regions seeking to integrate traditional wisdom with modern governance.
The Effect of Good Corporate Governance and Intellectual Capital on Financial Performance
Authors: Faeni Dewi Puspaningtyas
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate and assess the impact of Intellectual Capital and Good Corporate Governance on the Financial Performance of Banking Companies (Board of Directors, Audit Committee, and Independent Commissioners). 43 companies that were all banking companies were listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2021, making up the study's population. The sample for this study, which consists of six banking organizations with the LQ45 index over the 2019–2021 research period, was chosen using a purposeful sampling technique. This research makes use of secondary data from the company's annual report. The GCG variable represented by the board of directors has a positive impact on return on assets (ROA), and intellectual capital also affects financial performance, according to the validity and reliability tests employed in this study.
The Mediating Impact of Service Quality Towards Improving Sustainable Organizational Performance Private University in Indonesia
Authors: Ramaditya Muhammad , Chandra Galviano , Prasetyaningtyas Sekar Wulan
Published: November 2024

This study aims to determine the challenges of dynamics in the turmoil of sustainable transitions in the context of Organizational Performance at LLDIKTI 3 Jakarta Private University The independent variables used in this research are Organizational Change, Risk Management, Good University Governance, and ICT Competencies while the dependent variable used is Organizational Performance and also the mediating variable used is Service Quality. The methodology used in this study uses quantitative methods, implementation questionnaires via Google form, then the output data is collected for further protection. The population in this study is Private University with a total of 283 institutions, in the context of the University cluster there are 68 institutions. The sample in this study were 376 respondents. Instrument analysis applied to SmartPLS 3.0 with stratified random sampling method technique. .In order for higher education institutions to be managed effectively, openly, accountably, and able to implement their learning and research objectives, good university governance is very important. Here are some suggestions for effective Good University Governance such as continuous improvement is necessary for good governance, and this requires regular assessment of policies, practices, and procedures to ensure they remain relevant, efficient, and aligned with the agency's mission and goals.
STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF CEMENT STABILIZED CLAY SOIL WITH EPS FOOD PACK WASTE
Authors: Dauda Auwal , Yunusa G. H.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of EPS on geotechnical properties of soil through laboratory test and ANOVA analysis. These tests have been conducted on natural and stabilized soils in accordance with procedure outlined in BS1377 (1990). Four fibre contents (0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%) of the dry soil weight and three fibre size (random size, 20 mm x 2mm size and 20 mm x 5 mm) were used. The tests conducted included particle distribution, specific gravity, Atterberg limits, the standard compaction, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS). The laboratory result classifies the soil as A-7-6 (17) according to American Association of States Highway and Transport Officials (AASHTO) classification system and Clay soil of Low plasticity (CL) in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). The Specific gravity decreases from 2.7 to 2.1. MDD results also shows a decrease with increase of EPS waste fibre from 1.46Mg/m3 to 1.32Mg/m3 for British Light compaction and from 1.61Mg/m3 to 1.47Mg/m3 for British Heavy. The CBR result shows an improvement from 5.33% to a maximum value of 10.5% at 1% EPS waste fibre for unsoaked CBR and from 2.86% to a maximum of 7.73% at 0.5% EPS waste fibre for soaked CBR. The UCS result shows an improvement at 28 days from 2410 kN/m2 of Natural soil to a maximum of 5593kN/m2 at 0.5% EPS waste fibre. Based on the laboratory experimental result it was suggested that the EPS waste fibre of 0.5% dosage can be...
THE IMPACT OF 2018 EARTH TREMORS ON GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN THE FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, ABUJA
Authors: Ezisi Ogugua P. , Mmonwuba C. N. , Ezugwu N. C. , Mmonwuba C. N.
Published: November 2024

The impact of 2018 earth tremors on groundwater quality in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. Twenty water samples were collected from five locations within the study area: Mpape, Maitama, Gwarinpa, Jahi, Wuse. The methods used in the study included data collection, and data analysis. One and a half EVA cans were used to collect each water sample, ensuring that the equipment was sterilized and samples were properly preserved for analysis. Seismographs were used to measure and record the earthquakes that occurred in 2018. The results showed heavy metal concentrations of Pb (0.013 – 0.050 mg/l; WHO limit 0.01 mg/l), Cd (0.113 – 0.170 mg/l; WHO limit 0.003 mg/l), Hg (0.001 – 0.609 mg/l; WHO limit 0.006 mg/l), Cr (0.001 – 0.065 mg/l; WHO limit 0.05 mg/l), and As (0.016 – 0.064 mg/l; WHO limit 0.01 mg/l respectively, which are slightly higher than the permissible limits set by WHO. Drinking from these water sources poses significant health risks to the people in the study areas. However, the study helps to identify potential high-risk areas and their likely impact on water quality parameters. The findings will support the development of response and mitigation strategies to protect groundwater resources from contamination caused by seismic activity. In conclusion, the concentrations of heavy metals exceeded the limit approved by WHO.
INdependenT prEscribinG in community phaRmAcy; whaT works for whom, why and in what circumstancEs (INTEGRATE): Realist review study protocol
Authors: Abdelfatah Ola Amr , Hilton Andrea , Schafheutle Ellen , Wong Geof , Holden Keith , Scott Lesley , Roberts Nia , Haddington Nick , Kelly Tony , Hibberd Vivienne , Sturrock Andrew , Maidment Ian
Published: November 2024

Introduction The last decades have witnessed a series of initiatives in the United Kingdom (UK) to enhance patient access to quality care including access to medicine without compromising patient’s safety. Pharmacist independent prescribing is one of the initiatives introduced in 2006 with the intention of making more effective use of the skills and competencies of health professionals. Community pharmacy has a key role in the NHS long-term plan since pharmacies offer convenient and accessible sources of healthcare advice for the public. This role is more evident with the introduction of prescribing for all qualified pharmacists at the point of registration starting 2026. This realist review aims to explore how does independent prescribing in community pharmacy works, for whom, in what circumstances and how. Method and analysis Realist research seeks to explore and explain complex social interventions by utilising programme theories providing causal explanations of outcomes in terms of context-mechanism-outcome configurations. INTEGRATE will progress through six stages. In the first stage, we will partner with Patient, Public, Involvement and Engagement Group (PPIE) and Practitioner Stakeholder Group (SG), to further scrutinise the review’s focus. In stage 2, we will develop initial programme theories for what makes independent prescribing effective in community pharmacy, for whom, in what circumstances and how. In the third stage, we will conduct literature searches to gather secondary data that will help refine our initial programme theories. In stage 4, we will select and appraise identified articles by screening titles, abstracts and full texts against inclusion and exclusion criteria. In stage 5, we will extract, document and code relevant data, followed by realist analysis with contributions from the PPIE and SG. Stage 6 focuses on refining programme theories and identifying key mechanisms that lead to desired outcomes. PROSPERO registration: CRD42023468451
„Að slepptu tjillinu": Sjálfstæður forsetningarliður með lýsingarhætti
Authors: Indriðadóttir Ingunn Hreinberg , Eyþórsson Þórhallur
Published: November 2024

Sjálfstæður forsetningarliður með lýsingarhætti (SFL) er íslensk setningagerð sem hefur hingað til lítið verið fjallað um, hvað þá að hún hafi verið greind málfræðilega á fullnægjandi hátt. Unnt er að skilgreina SFL sem smásetningu sem inniheldur frumlagsnafnlið og lýsingarhátt í nútíð eða þátíð þar sem fallinu er stjórnað af forsetningunni að. Í forníslensku koma bæði þágufalls- og þolfallsnafnliðir fyrir í setningagerðinni en í nútímaíslensku virðist aðeins vera dæmi um þágufallsliði. Enn fremur er dreifing lýsingarháttar nútíðar og þátíðar ólík í forn- og nútímaíslensku. Auk þess eru hliðstæðar setningagerðir til í skyldum málum, bæði innan og utan germönsku (t.d. í latínu og grísku). Lýsing okkar á SFL í nútímaíslensku byggir á ítarlegri vefrannsókn á setningagerðinni. Þessi aðferð var notuð til að sýna fram á að SFL er tiltölulega algengur í nútímaíslensku, bæði í formlegum og óformlegum málaðstæðum. Flest dæmin sem eru sýnd hér eru úr vefrannsókninni en önnur voru metin af fámennum hópi málnotenda í óformlegri matskönnun. Meðal þeirra atriða sem eru tekin til skoðunar eru setningafræðilegt hlutverk smásetningarinnar, málfræðihlutverk nafnliðarins og sagnanna, tíða- og horfasamband í SFL og orðaraðarmynstur innan setningagerðarinnar.
-an á undan viðskeytinu -legur í íslensku: Tilraun til túlkunar
Authors: Jónsdóttir Margrét , Óskarsson Veturliði , Indriðason Þorsteinn G.
Published: November 2024

Í þessari grein er gerð tilraun til túlkunar á samstöfunni -an- í -anlegur í afleiddum orðum eins og hækkanlegur. Spurt er þriggja rannsóknarspurninga og leitað svara við þeim; hvert er eðli samstöfunnar -an- í nútímaíslensku með nokkrum samanburði við sögulega þróun; hver eru grunnorð samstöfunnar og -legur og að lokum hver er merking -an- í -anlegur. Við rannsóknina var notast við fjóra gagnagrunna, Ordbok over det norrøne prosasprog (ONP), Ritmálssafn Orðabókar Háskólans (ROH), Risamálheildina (Rmh.) og að hluta til við Íslenskan orðasjóð (ÍOS). Að mati höfunda koma fjórir kostir til greina þegar leitað er skýringa á samtöfunni -an-; að -an- sé sérstakt viðskeyti sem eiginlega komi aðeins fyrir með -legur, að -n- sé tengihljóð sem hafi bæst við nafnháttarmynd sagna, sbr. hækka-n-legur; að -anlegur sé ein heild sem myndast hafi við samruna viðskeytanna -an og -legur, en það er mjög óvenjulegt í íslensku; og að uppruna -an- í -anlegur sé að leita í viðskeyti lýsingarháttar nútíðar, -and(i). Þar eru formleg tengsl við sagnir ótvíræð og einnig má geta þess að líkindi eru á milli hegðunar ýmissa -anlegur-orða og lýsingarháttar nútíðar. Niðurstaða höfunda er þá sú að síðasti kosturinn sé vænlegastur til túlkunar á -an-, þrátt fyrir ýmsa annmarka sem getið er um í greininni.
Hvað er burn í burnirót
Authors: Sigmundsson Svavar
Published: November 2024

Greinin fjallar um orðliðinn burn- sem kemur fyrir í samsetta orðinu burnirót.
Liposomes – metabolically active drug transport systems: visualization and pharmacokinetic. Part 2 (review)
Authors: Pozharitskaya O. N. , Kozur Yu. M. , Osochuk S. S. , Flisyuk E. V. , Smekhova I. E. , Malkov S. D. , Zarifi K. O. , Titovich I. A. , Krasova E. K. , Shikov A. N.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. In the second part of the review we discussed aspects of visualization, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of liposomes.

Text. Many different methodsh as been proposed for the visualization of liposoms morphology and quality such as light microscopy, ESEM, TEM, AFM, etc. Each method have own advantages and limitations which are discussed in the article: In general, the selection of method depends on the specific morphological characteristics and level of details. It is important to understand the specificity of the liposomes and the visualization method for correct preparation of samples. Adequately performed pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies can also be used as a tool for liposome visualization. The nature of active pharmaceutical ingredients, dose, lipid components, size of liposomes, charge, coating of liposomes with excipients and route of administration significantly affects the pharmacokinetics of liposomal forms. Additionally, the interaction of liposomal forms with the immune system, reticuloendothelial system and blood components play an important role in their absorption, distribution and elimination.

Conclusion. The better understanding of the absorption, biodistribution, metabolism and clearance of liposomal formulations is essential for the development of modern drugs.
Serotonin and Effort-Based Decision-Making: Dissociating Behavioral Effects of 8-OH-DPAT and PCPA
Authors: Kunčická D , Cmarková N , Ondráčková S , Kačer D , Bermejo Rodriguez D , Valeš K , Svoboda J , Brožka H , Stuchlík A
Published: November 2024

Effort-based decision-making is particularly relevant to psychiatric conditions where motivation deficits are prominent features. Despite its clinical significance, the neurochemical mechanisms of this cognitive process remain unclarified. This study explores the impact of serotonin synthesis inhibition (PCPA) and modulation of serotonin release and 5-HT1A receptor agonism (8-OH-DPAT) on effort-based decision-making in rats. Adult male rats were trained in a modified T-maze task where they could obtain a high reward for climbing a mesh barrier or a low reward for no extra effort. Following training, rats received either acute 8-OH-DPAT treatment or subchronic PCPA treatment and were tested on their choices between high- and low-effort arms. The goal-arm choices and goal-arm entrance latencies were recorded. Next, homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, metabolites of dopamine and serotonin, respectively, were quantified in the rats' prefrontal cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. 8-OH-DPAT significantly increased low-effort, low-reward choices and increased goal-arm latency. In contrast, PCPA treatment did not affect these measures. Both PCPA and 8-OH-DPAT significantly decreased 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. 8-OH-DPAT treatment was also associated with decreased homovanillic acid levels in the hippocampus. Our findings suggest that the overall reduction of serotonin levels alone does not affect effort-based decision-making and highlights the possible role of the hippocampus and the 5-HT1A receptor in this cognitive process.
Arbitrators’ Fees: Securing Payment Through a Navigation Between Statutory Provisions and the Common Law in Nigeria
Authors: Okoli Pontian N. , Wingate Emmanuel Onyedi
Published: November 2024

The arbitrator has a right of lien on the award at common law. The English Arbitration Act 1996 incorporates this right. Nigeria’s Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1988 (ACA) was, however, modelled after the UNCITRAL Model Arbitration Law. Thus, unlike its English counterpart it had no provision for an arbitrator’s exercise of lien on the award. A lien is, however, an effective and practical means of securing the arbitrator’s fees, especially as parties may be disincentivised from following through with the arbitration process on account of being required to provide advance funding adequate to settle the arbitrator’s entire fees. This article critically examines the ACA, considering the school of thought that its section 26(4) implicitly repealed the arbitrator’s common law right of lien on the award, alongside section 54 of Nigeria’s Arbitration and Mediation Act (AMA) 2023 now expressly providing for the arbitrator’s right to lien on the award. Based on a comparative analysis of statutory provisions and the common law, a core argument is that the arbitrator’s common law right to lien on the award as security for fees remains valid.
Addressing the Impediments to the Perfection of Land Title in Nigeria: A Comparative Discourse with England
Authors: Nwaechefu Hilary , Adeleke Victoria Ajibola , Omidiji Temiloluwa
Published: November 2024

Land is an essential natural resource endowed by nature and deposited all over the world for the survival and well-being of humanity. In Nigeria, land control is vested in each federation state's Governor. The Federal Government controls the ownership and exploitation of mineral deposits irrespective of where the mineral deposits may be located. There is often contention about the rights of individual citizens, families, and communities in land ownership. The question of trespassing has often been a subject of litigation in Nigerian courts for decades with the advent of commerce and trade. The primary objective of this article is to examine land ownership, land allocation, and how the certificate of occupancy and Governor's consent affect land ownership, lease, and purchase of land in Nigeria. This article proffers solutions to issues arising in Nigerians’ right to ownership of land. The methodology adopted in this article is essentially doctrinal, using primary sources such as law reports and statutes. The article also refers to secondary sources such as law textbooks, newspapers, and internet materials. It recommends comprehensive reforms toward easing land acquisition and minimising the incidence of trespass to land in Nigeria.
INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE ON PROVIDING ACCESSIBILITY TO DRIVING VEHICLES FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES
Authors:   State Enterprise «State Road Transport Research Institute», Gorpyniuk Lyudmyla , Taraban Serhii , Bregida Fedir , Variukhno Serhii , Mykhailova Maryna ,   State Enterprise «State Road Transport Research Institute»
Published: November 2024

An analysis of the experience of ensuring accessibility to driving vehicles for persons with disabilities was car-ried out on the example of countries such as the Republic of Poland, the United Kingdom, the Federal Republic of Germa-ny and the United States of America. The stages of admission to driving vehicles, which is generally typical for all coun-tries (not only the European Union, but also other developed countries of the world), are given – from the intention to a person obtaining the right to drive a vehicle (driver’s license). On the example of the countries of the world, the existing programs are considered, due to which a person with a disability can be partially (or fully) compensated for the costs of completing a training course to obtain the right to drive a vehicle (driver’s license) and (or) conversion of a vehicle. The features of the admission of persons with disabilities to training for obtaining a driver’s license are described, which consists in establishing the ability to drive a vehicle taking into account physical limitations. This is the stage of consul-tation with a doctor who conducts an appropriate examination and assesses the possibility of a person being allowed to drive a vehicle. Regarding the specifics of training for persons with disabilities, it should be noted that such training is carried out in a specialized educational institution. At the same time, it is the specifics of the practical training course that give the educational institution the status of a specialized educational institution (the instructors of such an institution have special knowledge and training, and the vehicles are adapted for training people with disabilities). Innovative technologies available today in transport that can increase the mobility of people (including those with disabilities) and expand their opportunities for movement are considered. Keywords: a driver with a disability, accessibility, driving a vehicle, training, a person with a disability.
Analysis of the key component puff-by-puff transport in special segments and aerosol for electrical heated tobacco product
Authors: Jin Xinyan , Meng Decai , Fu Lili , Zhao Yang , Zhang Qi , Zhang Zhan , Yin Xianzhong , Shen Qinpeng , Wang Shuang , Zhang Yue , Wang Le , Lei Ping , Li Bin
Published: November 2024

Understanding the puff-by-puff delivery mechanisms of key components of heated tobacco products is critical to developing product designs. This study investigates the puff-by-puff release patterns of key components in Natural Smoke Cigarettes (NSCs), which are designed to deliver nicotine without combustion by reducing oxygen content, utilizing a 30-s puff interval, a 2-s puff duration, and a 55 mL puff volume to simulate realistic smoking conditions. By establishing models to analyze the variation of nicotine, glycerol, 1,2-propylene glycol (PG), and water in different functional sections of the cigarette under controlled smoking conditions. These sections include the tobacco, hollow, cooling, and filter sections, constituting the structure of NSCs. In addition, the model calculates the port-by-port release of the components in the flue gas aerosol and compares it with the measured value. The results showed that: The retention amount in the tobacco section showed a steep decline in the first three puffs, with an overall exponential decrease. The amounts in the other sections were consistent, increasing in the first two puffs and then stabilizing. The retention amount decreased linearly with each puff, with a similar pattern across sections. The release amount peaked at the fourth to fifth puffs and then stabilized. The retention amount in the tobacco section declined exponentially in the first three puffs. It peaked in the second to third puffs in other sections, then decreased with each subsequent puff. The retention amount in the tobacco section showed a significant decline in the first puff, stabilizing at around 4 mg. In other sections, it peaked at the first puff and then rapidly declined. These findings can inform the development of reduced-harm smoking products and contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of smoke generation. Additionally, the study offers a reference for the puff-by-puff release stability of NSCs and the improvement of consumers’ sensory quality.
Ectopic USP15 expression inhibits HIV-1 transcription involving changes in YY1 deubiquitination and stability
Authors: Rezaei Sahar , Timani Khalid A. , Liu Ying , He Johnny J.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Protein homeostasis is maintained by the opposing action of ubiquitin ligase and deubiquitinase, two important components of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and contributes to both normal physiological and pathophysiological processes. The current study aims to delineate the roles of ubiquitin-specific protease 15 (USP15), a member of the largest deubiquitinase family, in HIV-1 gene expression and replication.

Methods

We took advantage of highly selective and specific ubiquitin variants (UbV), which were recently designed and developed for USP15, and ascertained the inhibitory effects of USP15 on HIV-1 gene expression and production by transfection and Western blotting. We also used real-time RT-PCR, transcription factor profiling, subcellular fractionation, immunoprecipitation followed by Western blotting to determine the transcription factors involved and the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Results

We first confirmed the specificity of USP15-mediated HIV-1 gene expression and virus production. We then showed that the inhibition of HIV-1 production by USP15 occurred at the transcription level, associated with an increased protein level of YY1, a known HIV-1 transcription repressor. Moreover, we demonstrated that USP15 regulated YY1 deubiquitination and stability. Lastly, we demonstrated that YY1 siRNA knockdown significantly diminished the inhibition of USP15 on HIV-1 gene expression and virus production.

Conclusion

These findings together demonstrate that stabilization of YY1 protein by USP15 deubiquitinating activity contributes to USP15-mediated inhibition of HIV-1 transcription and may help the development of USP15-specific UbV inhibitors as an anti-HIV strategy.
Ticks without borders: microbiome of immature neotropical tick species parasitizing migratory songbirds along northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Karim Shahid , Zenzal Theodore J. , Beati Lorenza , Sen Raima , Adegoke Abdulsalam , Kumar Deepak , Downs Latoyia P. , Keko Mario , Nussbaum Ashly , Becker Daniel J. , Moore Frank R.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The long-distance, seasonal migrations of birds make them an effective ecological bridge for the movement of ticks. The introduction of exotic tick species to new geographical regions can cause the emergence of novel tick-borne pathogens. This study examined the prevalence of exotic tick species parasitizing migratory songbirds at stopover sites along the northern Gulf of Mexico using the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene.

Methods

Overall, 421 individual ticks in the genera Amblyomma, Haemaphysalis, and Ixodes were recorded from 28 songbird species, of which Amblyomma and Amblyomma longirostre were the most abundant tick genera and species, respectively. A high throughput 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing approach characterized the microbial communities and identified pathogenic microbes in all tick samples.

Results and discussion

Microbial profiles showed that Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum. The most abundant pathogens were Rickettsia and endosymbiont Francisella, Candidatus Midichloria, and Spiroplasma. Permutation multivariate analysis of variance revealed that the relative abundance of Francisella and Rickettsia drives microbial patterns across the tick genera. We also noted a higher percentage of positive correlations in microbe-microbe interactions among members of the microbial communities. Network analysis suggested a negative correlation between a) Francisella and Rickettsia and, b) Francisella and Cutibacterium. Lastly, mapping the distributions of bird species parasitized during spring migrations highlighted geographic hotspots where migratory songbirds could disperse ticks and their pathogens at stopover sites or upon arrival to their breeding grounds, the latter showing mean dispersal distances from 421–5003 kilometers. These findings spotlight the potential role of migratory birds in the epidemiology of tick-borne pathogens.
Right ventricular function and anemia in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Wang Jia , Jiang Jiahui , Li Xiang , Tan Xilun , Zhou Yanni , Luo Ze , Wang Xuesen , Zhao Xuezhu , Liu Yiying , Wang Ming , Zhang Chenhao
Published: November 2024

Background

Anemia is a common complication in patients with heart failure and is associated with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. However, its role in right ventricular (RV) function has not been evaluated.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the electronic medical data of 1,014 Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) patients to evaluate the relationship between anemia and RV dysfunction in patients with HFpEF and whether this relationship is influenced by classical risk factors such as smoking and hypertension.

Results

The study showed that anemic patients were older and had significantly higher New York Heart Association functional class and tricuspid regurgitation (TR) than non-anemic patients. The level of hemoglobin (Hb) had a weak negative linear correlation with NT-pro-BNP (log-transform, r = 0.30, P < 0.0001) and a positively correlation with the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE)/pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) ratio (r = 0.44, P < 0.0001). Multivariate linear regression analysis shows that the degree of anemia, atrial fibrillation, and TR were independently associated with the TAPSE/PASP ratio.

Conclusion

Anemia in HFpEF is associated with RV dysfunction, and this relationship is not affected by classical risk factors, such as smoking, hypertension, and diabetes.
Case Report: Zero-contrast balloon pulmonary angioplasty guided by real-time fusion of CT angiography with x-ray fluoroscopy
Authors: Tang Yinjiang , Xu Ou , Zhang Chunmei , Bao Xia , Ye Shaodong
Published: November 2024

Background

Allergy to iodine contrast agents has long been a contraindication for balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA). We report the successful zero-contrast BPA procedure of a patient with inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and severe iodine allergy using real-time fusion of computed tomography angiography (CTA) with x-ray fluoroscopy.

Case presentation

A 62-year-old woman with CTEPH who developed a severe allergic reaction after the first BPA procedure. The second BPA procedure was successfully performed using the fusion of previous pulmonary artery CTA images and real-time fluoroscopy images. Pulmonary artery pressure showed a significant decrease after performing BPA twice. As of 6-month follow-up, the patient has recovered well.

Conclusion

3 Dimensions (3D) reconstruction of CTA images and real-time fluoroscopic image fusion navigation technology provide a new option for BPA treatment in patients allergic to iodine contrast agents.
Association between weight-adjusted waist circumference index and myocardial infarction: results from the national health and nutrition examination survey, 1999–2014
Authors: Yu Jian-hong , Yin Ming-gang
Published: November 2024

Background

Weight-adjusted waist circumference index (WWI) is a novel index related to obesity and has been associated with the risk and prognosis of several diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the association between WWI and myocardial infarction.

Methods

The study analyzed cross-sectional data from 31,535 participants derived from the 1999–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset. Multiple logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were conducted to assess both linear and nonlinear associations between WWI and myocardial infarction. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were also performed.

Results

Among the 31,535 participants analyzed, 1,449 (4.82%) had experienced a myocardial infarction. The fully adjusted models demonstrated a positive association between WWI and myocardial infarction [odds ratio (OR) = 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13–1.58]. Individuals in the highest quartile of WWI were 81% more likely to suffer from a myocardial infarction compared to those in the lowest quartile (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.24–2.63). The analysis employing restricted cubic spline modeling indicated a nonlinear positive correlation between WWI and myocardial infarction. The risk of myocardial infarction was 1.29 times higher when WWI was below 10.97 cm/√kg (OR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.37–3.84). When WWI exceeded 10.97 cm/√kg, the upward trend in the risk of myocardial infarction significantly slowed with increasing WWI (OR = 1.26, 95%CI:1.03–1.56). A threshold WWI value of greater than 11.15 cm/√kg was identified for predicting myocardial infarction, outperforming waist circumference and body mass index (BMI). Subgroup analyses revealed that the impact of WWI on myocardial infarction varied across different populations. Interaction analyses demonstrated significant interactions between myocardial infarction incidence and WWI with age, hypertension, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, and stroke (P for interaction <0.05), but not with gender, race, obesity, diabetes, or prediabetes and heart failure (P for interaction >0.05).

Conclusions

The findings suggest that there is a positive and non-linear association between WWI and the incidence of myocardial infarction. We recommend incorporating WWI into routine physical examinations and cardiovascular risk screening as an early warning mechanism. This may facilitate early identification of high-risk individuals and promote earlier preventive interventions.