bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What is the role of Financial Development and Energy Consumption on Economic Growth?
Authors: Salman Doaa Mohamed , Atya Eyad
Published: July 2019

This paper aims to test the validity of the causality between financial development and economic growth on energy consumption in three of North African countries. The study employs error coreection model and Granger causaility test to analyza a dataset for three North African countries covering a period from 1980 to 2010. The applied model is based on demand function for energy to assess the existing of causal relationship of energy with financial development, and economic growth, in Algeria, Egypt, and Tunisia. Empirical results provide a positive significant relating financial development and energy consumption in Algeria, and Tunisia. On the other hand, Egypt’s results show a negative significant relationship relating energy consumption and financial development. The paper is valuable to policy makers in North African countries in their pursuit for achieving economic growth as it clarifies the urge for the financial development reforms to stimulate investment and growth.
Banks' Stability
Authors: Bakhit Wael , Bakhit Salma
Published: July 2019

This paper employs a quarterly time series to determine the timing of structural breaks for interest rates in USA over the last 60 years. The Chow test is used for investigating the non-stationary, where the date of the potential break is assumed to be known. Moreover, we empirically examined the deviation from an assumed interest rate as given in a standard Taylor rule and consequences on financial sectors. The empirical analysis is strengthened by analysing the rule from a historical perspective and look at the effect of setting the interest rate by the central bank on financial imbalances. The empirical evidence indicates that deviation in monetary policy has a potential causal factor in the build up of financial imbalances and the subsequent crisis where macro prudential intervention could have beneficial effect. Thus, our findings tend to support the view, which states that the probable existence of central banks has been one source of global financial crisis since the past decade.
Shoot tip and cotyledon explants of Eucalyptus saligna Sm. cultivated on different kanamycin levels
Authors: Silva André Luís Lopes da , Oliveira Yohana de , Costa Jefferson da Luz , Masetto Elisângela , Mudry Clarissa de Souza , Erasmo Eduardo Andrea Lemus , Scheidt Gessiel Newton
Published: July 2019

An efficient selec tive agent helps to obtain transgenic plant s; the most used selective agent for genetic transformation of Eucalypt is kanamycin. The aim of this research was to determine ideal dose of kanamycin in shoot tip and cotyledon explants of E. saligna for use as selective agent in genetic transformation. Two experiments were carried out, first in order to test effects of the kanamycin in cotyledons and second, in order to test effects of the kanamycin in shoot tip. In the cotyledons experiment were tested 0, 12.5, 25, 37.5 and 50 mg.L-1 kanamycin on a callus formation medium and for shoot tip were tested 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 mg.L-1 kanamycin on a multiplication medium. Cotyledons can be selected more quickly than shoot tip, moreover needs lower kanamycin levels than shoot tip, what results more speed and economy during genetic transformation process. It is probable that levels lower than 12.5 mg.L-1 kanamycin must be ideal for the cotyledons selection and 50 mg.L-1kanamycin for shoot tip.
Callus induction in Bertholletia excelsa immature seeds
Authors: Santos Maurício Reginaldo Alves dos
Published: July 2019

Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.,known as Brazil nuttree, belongs to the Lecythidaceae botanic family and is endemic to the AmazonianRegion. Its nuts have high economic and nutritional value. The objective of this work was to establish efficient protocols for callus induction from immature seeds of B.excelsa, as a preliminary step to its further micropropagation. After disinfestation, fragments of immature seeds were cultivated in WPM (Wood Plant Medium) supplemented with 2,4-D (0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 mg.L-1) and TDZ (0, 1.6 and 3.2 mg.L-1) in factorial combination. Twenty-one days later the callus induction was evaluated. Cultures were kept in a growth room in the dark at 24±2ºC. The highest percentage of callus induction was found with the combination of 2 mg.L-12,4-D with 3.2 mg.L-1TDZ.
A Study on an Edge Detection and Feature Extraction in Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Applications, K.C.S. Kasi nadar college of arts & science, Chennai, MS I.Jailingeswari
Published: July 2019

Unique As a method for access control and criminal distinguishing proof, Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) are broadly used. In numerous territories of business, these frameworks are depended to confirm personalities of work force before permitting access to confined data or offices [1]. In the range of criminal examination, these same frameworks are depended to discover, coordinate, and recognize lawbreakers. Clearly, these frameworks are given basic errands and are performing them unsupervised more often than not. Albeit most strides in the process are procedural and can be robotized, there are two basic stages that should be performed insightfully and dependably [2]. These two stages are edge discovery and highlight extraction. Keeping in mind the end goal to improve vital components precisely in the unique finger impression picture, strategies in edge location are connected. Once the critical elements are uncovered and antiquities are expelled, highlight extraction happens. In this stage, the print is described by the extricated highlights for coordinating later. This article takes a gander at the hypothetical establishments and down to earth parts of these two stages to comprehend there
IM Speed Control above Base Speed using ANFIS and Field Weakening Controller
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mahendra Engineering College (Autonomous), Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India, MS V.Agalya , MS S.Sumathi ,   Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mahendra Engineering College (Autonomous), Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India, MS P.Umasankar ,   Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mahendra Engineering College (Autonomous), Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India
Published: July 2019

The field weakdc source is used to control the speed by vector control of an induction motor. This field weakening method can separate greatest conceivable torque without suening based vector control of an induction motor has works under six step operations. The rpassing the machine voltage and current evaluations and can use the available dc link voltage completely. The primary intention of the work is to regulate current control regardless of whether the inverter output voltage is saturated i.e. it enters six-step method in mode of operation. Below base speed the drive will work as a typical rotor motion situated vector controlled drive. The inverter switch is controlled by a synchronous PWM system which is dynamic in both linear and over modulation zone. Thus, low switching frequency operation of the inverter is conceivable, for medium voltage application. The proposed induction motor based on six steps for regulating the speed is verified by using MATLAB/ Simulink.
Automatic Plant Irrigation using Solar Panel
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mahendra Engineering College (Autonomous), Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India, MS P.Devipriya , MR M.Suresh Kumar ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Mahendra Engineering College (Autonomous), Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India, MR C.Nanthakumar ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Mahendra Engineering College (Autonomous), Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India
Published: July 2019

The motivation for this project came from the farmers working in the farm lands are mostly dependent on the rains and bore wells for irrigation of the land .even if the farm land has a water pump, manual introversion by farmers is required to turn the pump on and off .the aim of our project is to minimize the manual intervention by the farmer Automatic plant irrigation system using solar panel will serve the irrigation is the only when there is not enough moisture in the soil. And the sensor decided when the pump should turn on and off. Here the pump is run by solar energy which is saved in the battery. It saves lot of time for farmers.
Advanced Automated Wireless Water Reporting System through GSM Technology
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mahendra Engineering College (Autonomous), Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India, MR S.Raja , MR M.Sakthikumaran ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mahendra Engineering College (Autonomous), Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India, MR G.Sivashankar ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mahendra Engineering College (Autonomous), Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India
Published: July 2019

The main objective of the proposed system is to monitor the quality of water using GSM based wireless sensor network. The parameters involved in the water quality determination such as the pH level, water level and temperature is measured in the real time by the sensors that sends the data to the users mobile . The use of wireless system for monitoring purpose will not only reduce the overall monitoring system cost in term of facilities setup and labor cost, but will also provide flexibility in term of distance or location. The developed platform is cost-effective and allows easy customization. Several preliminary results of measurement to evaluate the reliability and effectiveness of the system are also presented
Sensitivity Study of ANFIS Model Parameters to Predict the Pressure Gradient with Combined Input and Outputs Hydrodynamics Parameters in the Bubble Column Reactor
Authors: Shamshirband Shahab , Mosavi Amir , Chau Kwok-wing
Published: July 2019

Intelligent algorithms are recently used in the optimization process in chemical engineering and application of multiphase flows such as bubbling flow. This overview of modeling can be a great replacement with complex numerical methods or very time-consuming and disruptive measurement experimental process. In this study, we develop the adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) method for mapping inputs and outputs together and understand the behavior of the fluid flow from other output parameters of the bubble column reactor. Neural cells can fully learn the process in their memory and after the training stage, the fuzzy structure predicts the multiphase flow data. Four inputs such as x coordinate, y coordinate, z coordinate, and air superficial velocity and one output such as pressure gradient are considered in the learning process of the ANFIS method. During the learning process, the different number of the membership function, type of membership functions and the number of inputs are examined to achieve the intelligent algorithm with high accuracy. The results show that as the number of inputs increases the accuracy of the ANFIS method rises up to almost for all cases, while the increment in the number of rules has a effect on the intelligence of artificial algorithm. This finding shows that the density of neural objects or higher input parameters enables the moded for better understanding. We also proposed a new evaluation of data in the bubble column reactor by mapping inputs and outputs and shuffle all parameters together to understand the behaviour of the multiphase flow as a function of either inputs or outputs. This new process of mapping inputs and outputs data provides a framework to fully understand the flow in the fluid domain in a short time of fuzzy structure calculation.
The Silent Researcher: A New Method for Obtaining a Critical Response to a Holographic Artwork
Authors: John Pearl
Published: July 2019

A critical context is an essential aspect of practice-based research; however, a lack of structure exists to obtain and evaluate criticism from peers. This paper presents a case study of how the ‘silent student’ critique method used in Higher Education settings in the UK (Elkins, 2014) was adapted for a holographic arts research study. A ‘silent researcher’ critique session with nine experts was held in Aveiro, Portugal, June 2018 to evaluate the author’s digital holographic artwork, on display at the City Museum. The experts asked the author critical questions about the artwork while the author remained silent. The session was filmed, transcribed and processed using a general inductive approach for analysing qualitative evaluation data (Thomas, 2006). This paper outlines the benefits and drawbacks of using this new critique method for research. The benefits included; participant’s careful response to the artwork avoiding engagement of egos of critic and researcher, the drawbacks included the difficulty of evaluating against a pre-determined research question when the discussion could not be steered. This paper evaluates the artwork critiqued describing how the work contributes to the aesthetic development of the medium of holography; which used the Z-axis of holographic space to depict a chronological narrative.
A Comprehensive Survey on Opportunistic Routing Protocols for MANETs: Issues, Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: G Menon Varun
Published: July 2019

Opportunistic routing is the latest technique that uses the broadcasting nature of the wireless medium to increase the number of potential forwarding nodes in the network. This, in turn improves the delivery rate and reliability of data transmission in the network. Compared to all previous classes of routing protocols, opportunistic routing offers numerous advantages which is exploited by the latest applications for efficient communication and resource sharing in dynamic ad hoc networks. These applications provide dynamic communication in disaster recovery environments. The objective of this research work is to review and classify all the major opportunistic routing protocols proposed for dynamic ad hoc networks. Further the issues and challenges with each of these existing protocol is discussed and future research directions are put forward
NWCSAF High Resolution Winds (NWC-GEO/HRW) Stand-Alone Software for Calculation of Atmospheric Motion Vectors and Trajectories
Authors: García-Pereda Javier , Fernández-Serdán José Miguel , Alonso Óscar , Sanz Adrián , Guerra Rocío , Ariza Cristina , Santos Inés , Fernández Laura
Published: July 2019

The “NWCSAF High Resolution Winds (NWC/GEO-HRW)” software is developed by the EUMETSAT’s “Satellite Application Facility on support to Nowcasting and very short range forecasting (NWCSAF)”, inside its stand-alone software package for calculation of meteorological products with geostationary satellite data (NWC/GEO). The whole NWC/GEO software package can be obtained after registration at the NWCSAF Helpdesk, www.nwcsaf.org. It is easy to get, install and use. The code is easy to read and fully documented. And in the NWCSAF Helpdesk, users find support and help for its use. “NWCSAF High Resolution Winds” provides a detailed calculation of Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMVs) and Trajectories, locally and in near real time, using as input NWP model data and geostationary satellite image data. The latest version of the software, v2018, is able to process MSG, Himawari-8/9, GOES-N and GOES-R satellite series images, so that AMVs and Trajectories can be calculated all throughout the planet Earth with the same algorithm and quality. In the “2014 and 2018 AMV Intercomparison Studies”, “NWCSAF High Resolution Winds” has shown to be one of the two best AMV algorithms for both MSG and Himawari-8/9 satellites. And the “Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites (CGMS)” has recognized in its “2012 Meeting Report”: 1. “NWCSAF High Resolution Winds” fulfills the requirements to be a portable stand-alone AMV calculation software due to its easy installation and usability. 2. It has been successfully adapted by some CGMS members and serves as an important tool for development. It is modular, well documented, and well suited as stand-alone AMV software. 3. Although alternatives exist as portable stand-alone AMV calculation software, they are not as advanced in terms of documentation and do not have an existing Helpdesk. Considering this, a full description and validation of the “NWCSAF/High Resolution Winds” is shown here for the first time in a peer-reviewed paper. The procedure to obtain the software for operational meteorology and research is also explained.
Measurement of Viscoelastic Properties for Polymers by Nanoindentation
Authors: Wang Yuemin , Shang Lei , Zhang Panpan , Yan Xiangqiao , Zhang Ke , Dou Shuliang , Zhao Jiupeng , Li Yao
Published: July 2019

A method for measuring the mechanical parameters of viscoelastic polymers by nanoindentation technology was proposed and verified. Through the mechanical response of load-displacement curves at different loading rates, then creep compliances and relaxation modulus were fitted. Polyimide thin film was employed in this research and experiments for five different loading rates were conducted. The fitting load-displacement loading curves obtained by the inversion method were identical to the experimental curves at five different loading rates，confirming the validity of the method. Moreover, with the loading rates increased，the fitting curves were more consistent commensurately with the nanoindentation experiment. DMA experiments were tested, and the generalized Kelvin/ Maxwell model were used for fitting experiment data. Results from DMA tests generally agree well with data from nanoindentation method, thereby verifying the feasibility of the method. The Prony series obtained by the two methods were used to simulate the creep experiments, which further verified the method.
Historical H1N1 Influenza Virus Imprinting Increases Vaccination Efficacy by Influencing Antibody Longevity and Neutralization Activity in Ferrets
Authors: Francis Magen E. , McNeil Mara , Dawe Nicholas J. , Foley Mary K. , King Morgan L. , Ross Ted M. , Kelvin Alyson A.
Published: July 2019

Influenza virus imprinting is now understood to significantly the influence immune responses and clinical outcome of influenza virus infections that occur later in life. Due to the yearly cycling of influenza viruses, humans are imprinted with the circulating virus of their birth year to subsequently build a complex influenza virus immune history but very little is known about how the imprinting strain influences vaccine responses. To investigate the imprinted host immune responses to split-virion vaccination, we imprinted ferrets with a sublethal dose of the historical seasonal H1N1 strain A/USSR/90/1977. After a +60 day recovery period was given to build immune memory, ferrets were immunized and the challenge at Day 123. Samples were collected throughout the time course and immunological assays were performed to investigate recall mechanisms. The preimmune-vaccinated ferrets did not experience significant disease during challenge while naïve-vaccinated ferrets had severe disease. Hemagglutination inhibition assays showed preimmune ferrets had a more robust antibody response post vaccination, increased virus neutralization activity. Virus specific immunoglobulins were of predominantly the IgG isotype suggesting B cell maturity and plasticity at vaccination. These results are important and should be considered for vaccine design.
The Impacts of Shell Thickness of Thermally Expandable Microspheres on the Application of Vehicle Underbody Coating
Authors: Park Jin-Wook , Lee Sang-Jin , Ji Sang-Hoon , You Hae-Na , Kim Ji-Hoo , Ryu Kwang-Ji
Published: July 2019

This research was conducted to manufacture thermally expandable microspheres (TEMs) for vehicles’ underbody coating and to apply them on an industrial scale. TEMs heat resistance was studied depending on the ratios of a cross-linking agent and an initiator. This research focused on the content of a cross-linking agent and how it affected the results. The TEMs’ outer shell was thickened to solve the problem of the foam expansion ratio’s reduction that occurred due to the shrinkage after the maximum expansion (Tmax) was reached. After foaming, the cross-sectional thickness and surface of the sample with thickened outer shell were observed. The TEMs with the thickened shell showed the least shrinkage, which indicated excellent shrinkage stability, even after prolonged exposure to heat.
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF HUMAN CAPITAL OF PT KIMIA FARMA (PERSERO) TBK
Authors: Arifin Antoni Ludfi
Published: July 2019

This research is a qualitative research with case study at PT Kimia Farma (Persero) Tbk. The purpose of this research is to understand the overall development strategy of human capital of the Company. Data were collected from primary data through interview, observation, and recording; while secodary data were obtained from PT Kimia Farma (Persero) Tbk or from the externals that are used by the researcher to strengthen the premise, theory building, or data from previous researchers.  The data collected from primary and secondary sources are then processed. The validity of data is checked though data accuracy checking process (triangulation). This research found that the Company has conducted human reseource development strategy through 1) Integrated HR Development with the Companyâ€™s visions and missions; 2) open recruitment and selection process will decide and find the candidates who meet the qualifications; 3) preparing assessement center to select the right candidate for the right position; 4) employees training can improve the employeesâ€™ competence; and 5) the right development of human capital to prepare for the competitiveness in the future..

Keywords: Human Capital, Development, Strategy, HR Planning
Pengaruh Lingkungan Sekolah Terhadap Moral Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama Se Kecamatan Bantur
Authors: Ardiyansyah Hidayat , Hermuttaqien Bhakti Prima Findiga , Wadu Ludovikus Bomans
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lingkungan sekolah terhadap moral siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama se Kecamatan Bantur. Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa dari 8 Sekolah Menengah Pertama atau Madrasah Tsanawiyah baik negeri maupun swasta sebanyak 1125 siswa dengan menggunakan teknik sampel apabila lebih dari 100 diambil antara 10-15% atau 20-25% atau lebih sehingga sampel pada penelitian ini sejumlah 240 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan angket dan observasi. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis persentase, normalitas, homogenitas, dan uji F. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara lingkungan sekolah terhadap moral siswa. Data tersebut berdasarkan hasil uji F, nilai F hitung sebesar 9,201 Dengan signifikansi sebesar 0,000 <0,05. Hal ini tidak terlepas dari dukungan yang diberikan lingkungan sekolah dengan adanya lingkungan fisik yang memadai, lingkungan sosial yang bersinergi antara siswa dengan siswa, guru, staf maupun karyawan, serta lingkungan akademis yang mendukung tingkah laku siswa untuk berperilaku sangat baik.
Constructing plasmid under GT DNA assembly standard
Authors: Ma Xiaoqiang , Liang Hong , Zhou Kang
Published: July 2019

We reported a new DNA assembly standard (GT standard, GTS), which allowed constructing plasmid using standard DNA parts and various DNA assembly methods in a near-scarless manner Here we provide a protocol to detail the experimental procedures to construct plasmid under GTS using CLIVA, Gibson assembly, In-fusion cloning, and restriction enzyme (RE)-based methods.
Blood Biomarkers as Surrogate Endpoints of Treatment Responses to Aerobic Exercise and Cognitive Training (ACT) in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: The Blood Biomarkers Study Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial (The ACT Trial)
Authors: Li Danni , Mielke Michelle M , Bell W Robert , Reilly Cavan , Zhang Lin , Lin Feng Vankee , Yu Fang
Published: July 2019

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an epidemic with tremendous public health impacts because there are currently no disease-modifying therapeutics. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for prevention of AD dementia often use clinical endpoints that take years to manifest (e.g., cognition) or surrogate endpoints that are costly or invasive (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]). Blood biomarkers represent a clinically applicable alternative surrogate endpoint for RCTs that would be both cost-effective and minimally invasive, but little is known about their value as surrogate endpoints for treatment responses in the prevention of AD dementia.

Methods: The objective of this study is to investigate blood neuropathological, neurodegenerative, and neurotrophic biomarkers as surrogate endpoints for treatment responses to 3 interventions in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI, a prodromal stage of AD): aerobic exercise; cognitive training; and combined aerobic exercise and cognitive training (ACT). We chose these three sets of biomarkers for their unique mechanistic associations with AD pathology, neurodegeneration and neurogenesis. This study is built on the ACT Trial (1R01AG055469), a single-blinded, multi-site, 2×2 factorial Phase II RCT that examines the synergistic effects of a 6-month ACT intervention on cognition and MRI biomarkers (AD-signature cortical thickness and hippocampal volume) (n=128). In this ACT Trial Blood Biomarkers Study, we will enroll 120 ACT Trial aMCI participants and measure blood biomarkers at baseline, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months. The goals are to: (1) Determine the effect of interventions on blood biomarkers over 6 months; (2) Evaluate blood biomarkers as surrogate endpoints for predicting cognitive responses to interventions over 18 months; and (3; exploratory) Examine blood biomarkers as surrogate endpoints for predicting brain MRI biomarker responses to interventions over 18 months.

Discussion: This study aims to identify new blood biomarkers that can track cognitive decline or AD-related brain atrophy among aMCI patients subjected to a regimen of aerobic exercise and cognitive training. Findings from this study will drive the further use of blood biomarkers in developing effective prevention and treatment strategies for AD dementia.

Trial registration number: This study is an ancillary study of the ACT Trial which was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03313895.
The prevalence of poor sleep quality and associated risk factors among Chinese elderly adults in nursing homes: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hu Zhao , Zhu Xidi , Yu Yunhan , Xu Huilan
Published: July 2019

Background: Sleep problems have become the most common complaints among elderly adults. There are a few studies indentified prevalence of poor sleep quality and its associated factors in nursing home setting.Therefore, our study aim to examine the prevalence of poor sleep quality, its risk factors, and their interactions among Chinese elderly adults in nursing homes.
Methods: A total of 817 elderly residents from 24 nursing homes were included in this cross-sectional study. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and poor sleep quality was defined as PSQI >5. Multiple binary logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between risk factors and poor sleep quality. An additional interaction model was used to analyse the interaction between risk factors.
Results: The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 67.3% (95% CI: 64.0, 70.5%) among elderly adults in nursing homes. Multiple binary logistic regression results showed that participants with the following characteristics had an increased risk of poor sleep quality after adjustments for other confounders: being 70-79 years old (AOR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.97) or 80 years old and above (AOR: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.67, 4.17); having less than 7 years of education (AOR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.33); having one to two kinds of chronic diseases (AOR: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.53, 3.32) or three or more kinds of chronic disease (AOR: 2.81, 95% CI: 1.65, 4.76); having depression (AOR: 3.13, 95% CI: 2.04, 4.81), anxiety (AOR: 3.42, 95% CI: 1.68, 6.97), and lower social support (AOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.21). Additive interactions were detected between age and anxiety (AOR: 8.34, 95% CI: 4.43, 15.69), between chronic disease and anxiety (AOR: 8.61, 95% CI; 4.28, 17.31) and between social support and anxiety (AOR: 6.43, 95% CI: 3.22, 12.86).
Conclusions: The prevalence of poor sleep quality in nursing homes is relatively high. Anxiety has additive interactions with age, chronic disease and social support for poor sleep quality. These findings have significant implications for interventions that aim to improve sleep quality among elderly residents in nursing homes.
N-3-oxo-octanoyl-homoserine Lactone-Mediated Priming of Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae Requires the Salicylic Acid Signaling Pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Liu Fang , Zhao Qian , Jia Zhenhua , Song Cong , Huang Yali , Ma Hong , Song Shuishan
Published: July 2019

Backgroud: Many Gram-negative bacteria use N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) to communicate each other and to coordinate their collective behaviors. Recently, accumulating evidence shows that host plants are able to sense and respond to bacterial AHLs. Once primed, plants are in an altered state that enables plant cells to more quickly and/or strongly respond to subsequent pathogen infection or abiotic stress.
Results: In this study, we report that pretreatment with N-3-oxo-octanoyl-homoserine lactone (3OC8-HSL) confers resistance against the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (PstDC3000) in Arabidopsis. Pretreatment with 3OC8-HSL and subsequent pathogen invasion triggered an augmented burst of hydrogen peroxide, salicylic acid accumulation, and fortified expression of the pathogenesis-related genes PR1 and PR5. Upon PstDC3000 challenge, plants treated with 3OC8-HSL showed increased activities of defense-related enzymes including peroxidase, catalase, phenylalanine ammonialyase, and superoxide dismutase. In addition, the 3OC8-HSL-primed resistance to PstDC3000 in wild-type plants was impaired in plants expressing the bacterial NahG gene and in the npr1 mutant. Moreover, the expression levels of isochorismate synthases
(ICS1), a critical salicylic acid biosynthesis enzyme, and two regulators of its expression, SARD1 and CBP60g, were potentiated by 3OC8-HSL pretreatment followed by pathogen inoculation.
Conclusions: Our data indicate that 3OC8-HSL primes the Arabidopsis defense response upon hemibiotrophic bacterial infection and that 3OC8-HSL-primed resistance is dependent on the SA signaling pathway. These findings may help establish a novel strategy for the control of plant disease.
Homoeolog expression bias and expression level dominance (ELD) in four tissues of natural allotetraploid Brassica napus
Authors: Li Mengdi , Wang Ruihua , Wu Xiaoming , Wang Jianbo
Published: July 2019

Background

Allopolyploids were widespread in angiosperms, and they can coordinate two or more different genomes through genetic and epigenetic modification so as to show stronger growth vigor and adaptability. To explore the changes of homologous gene expression pattern in the natural allotetraploid Brassica napus (AnAnCnCn) relative to its two diploid progenitors, B. rapa (ArAr) and B. oleracea (CoCo), after about 7,500 years of domestication, the global gene pair expression patterns in four major tissues (stems, leaves, flowers and siliques) of these three species were analyzed using RNA sequencing approach.

Results

Results showed that the ‘transcriptomic shock’ phenomenon was alleviated in natural B. napus after about 7500 years of natural domestication, and most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in B. napus were down-regulated relative to those in its two diploid progenitors. The KEGG analysis indicated that three pathways related to photosynthesis were enriched in both two comparison groups (AnAnCnCn vs ArAr and AnAnCnCn vs CoCo) and these pathways were all down-regulated in four tissues of B. napus. In addition, the homoeolog expression bias and expression level dominance (ELD) in B. napus were thoroughly studied through analysis the expression levels of 27609 B. rapa-B. oleracea orthologous gene pairs. The overwhelming majority of gene pairs (an average of 86.7%) in B. napus maintained their expression pattern in two diploid progenitors, and approximately 78.1% of the gene pairs showed expression bias with a preference toward the A subgenome. Overall, an average of 48%, 29.7% and 22.3% homologous gene pairs exhibited additivity expression, ELD and transgressive expression in B. napus, respectively. The ELD bias varies from tissue to tissue, specifically, more gene pairs in stems and siliques showed ELD-A, whereas the opposite was true in leaves and flowers. More transgressive up-regulation expression gene pairs were found in B. napus.

Conclusions

In general, these results can provide a comprehensive understanding of the changes of homologous gene expression patterns in natural B. napus after about 7,500 years of evolution and domestication, and enhance our understanding of allopolyploids.
Analyzing preferences for family doctor contract services in rural China: a study using discrete choice experiment
Authors: Fu peipei , Wang Yi , Liu Shimeng , Li Jiajia , Gao qiufeng , Zhou Chengchao , Meng Qingyue , Sylvia Sean
Published: July 2019

Background

Preliminary evaluations have found that family doctor contract service has significantly controlled medical expenses, better managed chronic diseases, and increased patient satisfaction and service compliance. In 2016, China proposed the establishment of a family doctor system to carry out contract services, but studies have found uptake and utilization of these services to be limited. This study aimed to investigate rural resident preferences for FDCS from the public perspective in China.

Methods

A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was performed to elicit respondent preferences towards FDCS among rural residents in China. Attributes and levels were established based on literature review and qualitative methods. Five attributes consisted of cost, medicine availability, reimbursement rate, competence of the family doctor, and attitude of the family doctor were evaluated using mixed logit model.

Results

A total number of 609 residents were included in the main DCE analysis. Respondents valued high competence (coefficient 2.44, [SE 0.13]) and good attitude (coefficient 1.42, [SE 0.09]) of the family doctor most. Cost was negatively valued (coefficient -0.01, [SE 0.01]) as expected. Subgroup analysis was conducted after adjusting the interaction terms, we found that rural residents with chronic diseases prefer good attitude than those with no chronic diseases. The estimated willingness to pay (WTP) for “high” relative to “low” competence was 441.13 RMB/year and WTP for a provider with a “good” relative to a “poor” attitude was 255.77 RMB/year. Simulations suggest that, holding other factors constant, improving the competence of family doctors from poor to high had the largest effect on preference for signing the FDCS. We estimate that increasing the cost per year would reduce the uptake.

Conclusion

This present study suggested priorities should be given to strengthen and improve the quality of primary health care including family doctors’ competence and attitudes so as to increase the uptake of signing FDCS. The contract service package including annual cost, insurance reimbursement rate and individualized services should be redesigned and become congruent with residents with different health status and their stated preferences.
Molecular genetic diversity and differentiation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L. 1758) in East African natural and stocked populations
Authors: Tibihika Papius Dias , Curto Manuel , Alemayehu Esayas , Waidbacher Herwig , Masembe Charles , Akoll Peter , Meimberg Harald
Published: July 2019

Background

The need for enhancing the productivity of fisheries in Africa triggered the introduction of non-native fish, causing dramatic changes to local species. In East Africa, the extensive translocation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the major factors in this respect. Using 40 microsatellite loci with SSR-GBS techniques, we amplified a total of 664 individuals to investigate the genetic structure of O. niloticus from East Africa in comparison to Ethiopian and Burkina Faso populations.

Results

All three African regions were characterized by independent gene-pools, however, the Ethiopian population from lake Tana showed to be more divergent than expected suggesting that it might be a different species. In East Africa, the genetic structure was congruent with both geographical location and anthropogenic activities. O. niloticus from Lake Turkana (Kenya) was isolated, while in Uganda, despite populations being rather similar to each other, two main natural catchments were able to be defined. We show that these two groups contributed to the gene-pool of different non-native populations. Moreover, admixture and possible hybridization with other tilapiine species may have contributed to the genetic divergence found in some populations such as Lake Victoria. We detected other factors that might be affecting Nile tilapia genetic variation. For example, most of the populations have gone through a reduction of genetic diversity, which can be a consequence of bottleneck caused by overfishing, genetic erosion due to fragmentation or founder effect resulting from stoking activities.

Conclusions

The anthropogenic activities particularly in the East African O. niloticus translocations, promoted admixture and contact with the native congenerics which may contribute to outbreeding depression and hence compromising the sustainability of the species in the region.
A coprological survey of parasitic fauna firstly in Wild Far Eastern Leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis)
Authors: hou zhijun , Peng Zhiwei , Ning Yao , Jiang Guangshun
Published: July 2019

Background：The Amur leopard, one of nine recently recognized subspecies of leopard, is still most threatened in a stochastic procession of extinction. The potential harmless to the conservation of the Amur leopard originating from the disease is in need of urgent attention. Unfortunately, the research on the potential risk to Amur leopard caused by disease is rare. When the parasites were concerned, even the elementary data, such as parasitic fauna, are absent. Our aim in the study is to accumulate the knowledge of it for a better comprehension.
Results: There are 7 parasite species, including 3 nematodes (Toxocara cati, capillarid-type parasite, and Metastrongyloidea-type parasite), 2 cestodes (Spirometra sp. and Taenia sp.), 1 trematode (Paragonimus sp.), and 1 protozoa (Cystoisospora felis), were found in this research. The Toxocara cati was highest frequent occurrence, followed by Spirometra sp.
Conclusion: The Amur leopard was infected by seven parasites firstly reported.
The relationships between bariatric surgery and sexual function: current evidence based medicine
Authors: Liu Shengzhuo , Cao Dehong , Ren Zhengju , Li Jinze , Peng Lei , Zhang Qin , Cheng Bo , Cheng Zheyu , Ai Jianzhong , Zheng Xiaonan , Liu Liangren , wei qiang
Published: July 2019

Background

Controversial remains despite several studies have discussed the role of bariatric surgery for ameliorating male’s sexual function. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of bariatric surgery in promoting male`s erectile function.

Methods

We performed a systematic review according to PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI and Clinical Trails.gov searching for eligible studies and conducted a meta-analysis to compare the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) score or Brief Male Sexual Function Inventory (BSFI) score preoperatively and postoperatively.

Results

11 articles were included in this study. The meta-analysis showed bariatric surgery was associated with significantly improvement in the IIEF score (erectile function: MD = 5.33, 95% CI 4.12-6.54; intercourse satisfaction: MD = 2.57, 95% CI 1.19-3.94; orgasmic function: MD = 0.50, 95%CI 0.60-0.94; overall satisfaction: MD = 1.67, 95% CI 0.78-2.56; sexual desire: MD = 1.27, 95% CI 0.61- 1.93; total erectile function: MD = 7.21, 95% CI 4.33-10.10) and the BSFI score (erection: MD =2.53, 95% CI 2.39-2.67; ejaculation: MD = 1.40, 95% CI 1.28-1.51; desire: MD =1.40, 95% CI 1.32-1.49; problem assessment: MD = 2.20, 95% CI 2.06-2.34; sexual satisfaction: MD = 0.70, 95% CI 0.60-0.76).

Conclusions

To our knowledge, although the mechanism how Bariatric surgery helps improving male`s erectile function is not well interpreted yet, it`s supported by our results that bariatric surgery may be effective in sexual function promoting for obese individuals.
Low health literacy levels in patients with chronic retinal disease
Authors: Jandorf Sofie , Nielsen Marie Krogh , Sørensen Kristine , Sørensen Torben Lykke
Published: July 2019

Background

A patient’s health literacy is fundamental for navigating the health system and managing disease. This study aimed to compare the health literacy levels of patients with chronic retinal disease in Denmark.

Methods

This cross-sectional questionnaire study used the validated HLS-EU-Q16 questionnaire to determine the health literacy of 225 patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular edema (DME) or retinal vein occlusion (RVO), receiving intravitreal treatment at the retinal clinic, Zealand University Hospital, Denmark. Patients were consecutively included as participants for the study. All patients had the option of having the survey read aloud to them.

Results

Health literacy levels between the patient groups did not differ significantly, however, the proportion of patients with poor health literacy was high—65% of AMD patients, 73% of DME patients, and 63% of patients with RVO.

Conclusions

Low health literacy of patients with retinal disease signify a need for more health literacy research in the field of retinal diseases, to secure that patients have the timely and appropriate knowledge and competencies to manage their condition.
Pengaruh pH dan Tegangan Listrik dalam Elektrolisis Limbah Padat Baja (Slag Eaf) Sebagai Upaya Mereduksi Kandungan Logam Fe pada Limbah Padat Industri Galvanis
Authors: Aziz Abdul , Udaibah Wirda , Hidayah Malikhatul
Published: July 2019

Galvanization is a metal coating process that is widely used in industry. The effects of this metal coating process are not entirely beneficial to society. The issue of pollution generated by the metal coating activity becomes very important. The objective of this research is to reduce Fe metal content from solid waste steel using electrolysis process with variation of pH of electrolyte solution and voltage. This research uses experimental method with test of metal content composition using X-Ray Flouresence, and Fe metal reduction using electrolysis process. This research activity used stainless steel plate as cathode and solid steel waste chunk as anode. Variations of pH of FeSO4.7H2O electrolyte solution used during electrolysis process are pH = 2, pH = 2.5, pH = 3, pH = 3.5 and pH = 4. Variation of electric voltage used is 3 volts, 6 volts, 9 volts and 12 volts. The result of purity level analysis of the initial Fe metal at anode was 84,48 %, while after electrolysis process there was an increase of metal purity attached to the cathode of 96,58 %. The result showed that the effect of pH variation of the electrolyte solution on the mass produced in the electrolysis process in the A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 samples was 0,09; 0,07; 0,02; 0,02; and 0,02 g. The greater the concentration of H+ of the electrolyte solution the more mass produced. In variable voltage of electricity on samples A11, A21, and A31 mass produced that is equal to 0,14; 0,13; and 0,10 g. While the mass of A41 sample did not increase in the cathode produced during the electrolysis process. The greater the voltage used in the electrolysis process the greater the mass produced.
Pembuatan Bioplastik dari Kitosan dan Sorbitol dengan Penambahan Minyak Atsiri Serai
Authors: Nanda Kharisma Putri , Azizati Zidni
Published: July 2019

Plastik merupakan bahan yang banyak digunakan dalam kehidupan, namun plastik juga menjadi permasalahan skala global yakni sampah plastik karena plastik yang bersal dari bahan baku minyak bumi sulit untuk diuraikan. Sehingga dibutuhkan plastik yang ramah lingkungan (bioplastik). Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pembuatan bioplastik dari kitosan dan sobitol sebagai pemplastis serta minyak atsiri serai sebagai insektisida nabati. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari sifat mekanik bioplastik. Bioplastik yang dihasilkan dilakukan mengujian mekanik kuat tarik (tensile strenght) dan perpanjangan (elongasi).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penambahan 1 mL minyak atsiri serai berpengaruh terhadap sifat mekanik bioplastik dengan nilai kuat tarik dan elongasi bioplastik eksperimen masing-masing  sebesar 3.50 Mpa dan 7.54%  dari nilai biplastik kontrol masing-masing sebesar 1.427 Mpa dan 3.97%
Ensino de língua portuguesa: uma proposta de sequência didática baseada nos estudos decoloniais
Authors: De Queiroz Atauan Soares , Dos Santos Edinei Carvalho , De Oliveira Kelly Cristina Nunes , De Sousa Maria Aparecida , Vieira Valéria Gomes Borges
Published: July 2019

Este trabalho tem por objetivo realizar um exercício teórico-prático que envolve o ensino de Língua Portuguesa pautado na relação língua/identidade/decolonialidade. Desse modo, propõe-se um diálogo entre os estudos da Escola de Genebra (DOLZ; SCHNEUWLY, 2004) sobre sequências didáticas (SD) e os estudos decoloniais (DUSSEL, 1994, GROSFOGUEL, 2016, MALDONADO-TORRES, 2007, MIGNOLO, 2006). Partindo dessa fusão, apresenta-se uma SD voltada para o Ensino Médio, com base no tema “Preconceito, identidade e diferença”. A proposta, com base na concepção de língua como modo de interação, é potencialmente produtiva porque pode auxiliar o aluno a desenvolver tanto a sensibilidade intercultural quanto a consciência identitária e cidadã, o que pode contribuir para seu empoderamento e para a construção de uma sociedade mais inclusiva.
Thymosin β4: A Multi-Faceted Tissue Repair Stimulating Protein in Heart Injury
Authors: Bjørklund Geir , Dadar Maryam , Aaseth Jan , Chirumbolo Salvatore
Published: July 2019

Thymosin Beta-4 (Tβ4) is known as a major pleiotropic actin-sequestering protein that is
involved in tumorigenesis. Tβ4 is a water-soluble protein that has different promising clinical applications
in the remodeling and ulcerated tissues repair following myocardial infarction, stroke, plasticity
and neurovascular remodeling of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) and the Central Nervous
System (CNS). On the other hand, similar effects have been observed for Tβ4 in other kinds of
tissues, including cardiac muscle tissue. In recent reports, as it activates resident epicardial progenitor
cells and modulates inflammatory-caused injuries, Tβ4 has been suggested as a promoter of the
survival of cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, Tβ4 may act in skeletal muscle and different organs in
association/synergism with numerous other tissue repair stimulating factors, including melatonin
and C-fiber-derived peptides. For these reasons, the present review highlights the promising role of
Tβ4 in cardiac healing.