bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digitalization of employment relations: world experience and its implementation in Ukraine
Authors: Rudakova S. , Shchetinina L. , Danylevych N. , Varshava D.
Published: January 2022

European and local practices of digitization and their impact on employment relations, determination of current directions of digitalization development in Ukraine and implementation of the best world solutions are studied. It is pointed out that COVID-19 pandemic has radically changed the role and perception of digitalization in society and the economy. It is noted that digital technologies are now necessary for work, study, entertainment, communication, shopping and access to everything from health services to culture. The digital transformation has opened up new opportunities for the creation of new enterprises, the emergence of new forms of digital employment. It is noted that in early 2018 Ukraine officially embarked on the path of digitalization and policy making in the digital segment. The Concept of Digital Economy of Ukraine and Social Development for 2018–2020 has been adopted, which contains the main goals and principles of digital development in the country, as well as plans for their implementation. As a result of digitalization, modern technology makes it to perform job functions outside the workplace, not only at home (home office), but anywhere (mobile office) in many areas of the economy. Due to the possibility of remote earning, on June 25, 2019, the Ministry of Social Policy published the bill «On amendments to the Labor Code of Ukraine (concerning flexible forms of labor organization)». It is proposed, in Art. 24 of the Labor Code in particular, to clarify that the compliance with the written form is mandatory when signing an employment agreement for remote work. The indicators of the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI), which demonstrates the level of digital efficiency of Europe and monitors the progress of the European Union in this direction are summarized. In order to implement the influence of digitalization on employment relations in Ukraine, the experience of a number of European countries (Spain, France, Germany and the Scandinavian countries) is studied and analyzed. It is concluded that the influence of modern digital technologies significantly changes the state of the labor market, the demand for certain specialists, and the conditions of remote employment. The wages and social security are transformed and become individualized. Employees' dependence on employers is decreasing, their work is shifting into the digital space, which requires constant acquiring of new knowledge and skills in working with modern technologies.
SOME POSSIBILITIES OF APPLYING INSTRUMENTAL METHODS WHILE MAKING FORENSIC-TECHNICAL EXPERTISE OF DOCUMENTS MADE BY PRINTING
Authors: ШВЕДОВА Ксения Анатольевна
Published: January 2022

The paper deals with one of the topical issues related to forensic-technical expertise of documents – possibilities of applying instrumental methods while examining printed products to improve objectivity of the expert's conclusions. The author of the paper notes that the vast majority of expert examinations and studies of the objects in question are carried out without sufficient support for the conclusions. When establishing the difference between the document being examined and the sample that coincide in a printing method; experts, as a rule, deal with the subjective criterion, that is, «inconsistency in print quality», without reflecting its characteristics. Purpose: to study the essence of densitometry with reference to the objects of forensic-technical expertise and to enhance the objectivity and scientific validity of the expert's conclusions based on the results of the examination of printed documents, by measuring the quantity of impressions by densitometry in the reflected light. Methods: the author uses general scientific and special scientific methods – those ones of formal and dialectical logics, analysis and synthesis, description, comparison, generalization of practice. Results: the invention relates to a diagram for using a densitometric method for determining the optical density of the paint layer of the lines of documents' details in order to solve diagnostic problems of the forensic-technical expertise of printed products.
Minerals and Heavy Metal Composition in Seaweeds of the Eastern Coast, Northern Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Kamrun Nahar , Ahmed Md Kawser , Akhter Kazi Turjaun , Rani Seema , Khan Makidul Islam
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to analyze minerals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu) and heavy metals (Pb and Cd) content of seaweeds collected from coastal waters of Bangladesh using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Eight wild species in three phyla viz. Rhodophyta (Hypnea sp.), Chlorophyta (Enteromorphasp.),and Phaeophyta (Sargassumsp.,Hydroclathrusclathratus, Padinapavonica, Colpomeniasinuosa, Petalonia fascia and Dictyotaciliolata)and one cultured Rhodophyta species viz. Hypnea sp. were collected from St. Martin’s Island and Cox’s Bazar, respectively. Results showed minerals and heavy metals concentrations were varied from species to species. Ca concentration was the highest in Phaeophyta (18565 mg/kg-dw) and it was 19 times higher than the value reported in Chlorophyta (950 mg/kg-dw). In contrast, Fe, Zn and Mn were the highest in Rhodophyta. This is because different groups of seaweeds affinity to absorb minerals depend on environmental parameters for example salinity, pH and light intensity, mineral accessibility in sea water and interactions between elements, growth and metabolic factors, etc. Ca content was the highest in C. sinuosa (30890 mg/kg-dw), whereas, it was the lowest in cultured Hypnea sp. (120 mg/kg-dw). P.pavonica showed the highest concentrations of Fe (15030 mg/kg-dw), Zn (33.46 mg/kg-dw) and Mn (443.79 mg/kg-dw). Mineral contents of cultured seaweeds were comparatively lower than the wild species. Results showed mineral concentrations in all seaweeds were relatively greater than heavy metals. However, wild Hypneasp. contained slightly 2 times higher Cd (2.11 mg/kg-dw) than the cultured Hypnea sp. (0.98 mg/kg-dw) due to higher level of anthropogenic source of pollution in St. Martin’s Island. Heavy metal contamination in seaweeds might raise health concerns among the consumers. Findings of this study might help to unleash minerals and heavy metals compositions of the studied seaweeds of Bangladesh. Policy makers can formulate and establish health safety guidelines for safe consumption of seaweeds.
The Dhaka University Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 10(2), 2021, P 43-52
The Neglected Cornerstone of Sustainable Development: Differential Treatment and Equity in The Climate Change Regime
Authors: Alam Shawkat
Published: January 2022

Abstract not available
Dhaka University Law Journal, Vol. 32(1), 2021 P.17-38
Doença de Parkinson secundária a COVID-19: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Hamoy Moises , Braga Gabriel Hans Reis , Chaves Jones Vinicius Santana , Maia Ana Carolina Serrão , Cabral Diego Arthur Castro , Campos Fernanda Myllena Sousa , Medeiros João Paulo do Vale , Cabral Leonardo Giovanni Castro , Oliveira Bruno Patricio dos Santos , Braga Joyce Pantoja , De Mello Vanessa Jóia , Paschoal Eric Homero Albuquerque
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática a respeito da Doença de Parkinson e sua relação com a COVID-19. Métodos: Utilizamos e adaptamos os critérios presentes no PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) e objetivou a identificação de publicações revisadas por pares pertencentes a temática da doença de Parkinson relacionada à COVID-19. Resultados: A doença de Parkinson após a COVID-19 está presente em alguns casos e parece estar relacionada com mecanismos de hiperinflamação mediada pelo Sars-Cov-2, principalmente em pacientes abaixo dos 60 anos. Conclusão: A ocorrência da doença de Parkinson após uma infecção pelo novo coronavírus parece ser explicada pelos efeitos citolíticos do vírus, acúmulo de proteínas intracelulares, modificações epigenéticas e interações em vias inflamatórias que causam morte neuronal. A COVID-19 também está associada à piora dos sintomas da Doença de Parkinson previamente diagnosticada.
As contribuições e dificuldades da enfermagem na prevenção do câncer de colo do útero: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Araújo Milena Catarine Silva de , Silva Danielly Danubia da , Couto Sabrina Iracema da Silva , Santos Agda Renata Barros , Silva Larissa Gabriele Farias e , Mousinho Maria Gabriela Cristina Pereira , Frazão Maria Gabriela de Oliveira , Lopes Ester Teixeira
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Analisar a literatura científica acerca da prevenção do câncer de colo de útero no Brasil e discutir as dificuldades dos profissionais de enfermagem para realização das ações de prevenção da patologia. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, realizada nas bases Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Banco de Dados em Enfermagem (BDENF) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), foram utilizados artigos escritos na língua portuguesa, publicados no período entre 2017 e 2021. Resultados: Foram identificados 334 artigos no total, após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 17 artigos, sendo 9 artigos na LILACS, 5 na BDENF e 3 na SCIELO. A análise dos artigos utilizados foi feita de forma descritiva e predispôs a etapa de extração dos dados: nome do autor, ano de publicação, título e objetivo geral do estudo. Conclusão: Diante dos resultados encontrados, conclui-se que o câncer de colo de útero consiste em um grave problema de saúde pública no Brasil, sendo o profissional enfermeiro um dos principais responsáveis pela organização da assistência na prevenção, sendo de extrema importância conhecer os sintomas, diagnóstico e tratamento.
Perfil do consumidor de aplicativos de comida delivery no município de Marabá-PA
Authors: Conde Maria Beatriz Martins , Sousa Gisele Rodrigues de , Sousa Inês Clarissa Gomes , Vieira Antonia Caroline Pinho , Silva Jaqueline Ferreira da , Seixas Vitória Nazaré Costa
Published: January 2022

Recentemente a utilização do serviço delivery aumentou, passando a ser algo constante na rotina da sociedade, principalmente durante a pandemia da covid-19, devido ao isolamento e a restrição de algumas atividades.  Tendo em vista a importância do comportamento e perspectiva para plataformas digitais, este artigo estudou o comportamento de expectativa do consumidor em relação ao delivery do município de Marabá- PA. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva no qual 122 pessoas entrevistadas responderam um questionário online com 16 perguntas fechadas. Os resultados foram analisados utilizando- se planilhas eletrônicas elaboradas no Excel da Microsoft 2010. Dentre os principais resultados obtidos, destacam-se a viabilidade positiva em relação ao consumidor escolher a qualidade dos alimentos como critério principal, e o interesse do mesmo a respeito da limpeza dos estabelecimentos, assim como o alto índice de pessoas que desconhecem as condições higiênico-sanitárias dos estabelecimentos, deste modo notam-se a importância dos aplicativos de verificar os restaurantes antes de incluir na plataforma, para que consiga transmitir confiabilidade ao consumidor.
Efeito da estimulação elétrica na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas em Wistar: existe protocolo a ser seguido? (Revisão de estudos experimentais)
Authors: Galvão Ailton Mota do Nascimento , Silva Zenaldo Porfirio da , Barbosa Ana Paula Fernandes , Rodrigues Célio Fernando de Sousa
Published: January 2022

A Estimulação Elétrica tem mostrado ter efeitos benéficos no processo de cicatrização de feridas de pele em ratos Wistar. É importante avaliar os efeitos da eletroestimulação na reparação de feridas a fim de garantir a otimização de sua prática. Objetivo: Este artigo de revisão consiste em avaliar a resposta cicatricial em ratos Wistar, tratados com a microcorrente. Material e método: Realizou-se uma busca nas bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed no período entre 1966 e janeiro 2021, Lilacs entre 1982 e janeiro 2021 e SciELO, utilizando-se os descritores “Electric Stimulation”, “Wound Healing” e “Wistar”, os quais foram selecionados segundo os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde. Os critérios de inclusão consistiram em estudos com animais wistar, tratados com eletroestimulação e publicados nas línguas inglesa ou portuguesa. Resultados: Foram selecionados seis estudos, os quais sugeriram que a corrente elétrica pode estimular a cicatrização, crescimento e a regeneração. Observou-se uma pequena quantidade de artigos relacionados à estimulação elétrica no processo cicatricial de feridas, bem como falta de padronização nos parâmetros utilizados nesses artigos, o que ainda impossibilita uma revisão sistemática. Também é consensual a preocupação com a necessidade de uniformização das doses utilizadas, visto que cada autor defende a sua aplicabilidade. Conclusão: Apesar da falta de padronização dos parâmetros para o tratamento de feridas em geral com estimulação elétrica em ratos Wistar, as análises morfológica e histológica, mostram uma resposta eficaz no reparo tecidual nas feridas submetidas às aplicações das microcorrentes nos diferentes períodos de tratamento.
Atividade antioxidante de extratos de Myrciaria dubia (camu-camu) Myrtaceae
Authors: Silva Carlena Sinara Martins da , Mourão Rosa Helena Veras
Published: January 2022

O fruto de Myrciaria dubia é rico em bioativos, este apresenta alto teor de ácido ascórbico e compostos fenólicos, por este motivo, o fruto vem ganhando destaque pela sua capacidade antioxidante. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se diferentes extratos obtidos de cascas do fruto de M. dubia influencia na atividade antioxidante. Extratos hidroalcoólico 70% (EHA) e glicólicos 10 e 20% (EG10 e EG20) foram obtidos de cascas a partir de um pó moderadamente grosso com perda por dessecação de 13,53%, cinzas totais de 1,95%, cinzas insolúveis em ácidos de 0,057%, pH 2,53±0,05 e índice de intumescência de 1,1ml. Os extratos foram caracterizados quanto ao teor de ácido ascórbico e polifenóis totais e a atividade antioxidante determinada por DPPH e ABTS+. O EHA apresentou 7011±39 mg/100ml de ácido ascórbico e 7,75% de polifenóis totais, enquanto que, nos EG10 e EG20 o teor de ácido ascórbico foi 3034±0 e 6137±0 mg/100mL e de polifenóis totais de 2,65 e 3,55% respectivamente. Os extratos apresentaram capacidade antioxidante DPPH com IC50 de 11,80, 48,95 e 25,26 µg/mL e ABTS+ de 92,91±0,205, 74,59±0,259 e 77,21±1,34% nos extratos EHA, EG10 e EG20, respectivamente. Os extratos apresentam conteúdos importantes de compostos bioativos, porém, o solvente influenciou no conteúdo e na atividade biológica, sendo o EHA com maior teor de bioativos o que refletiu também na sua maior capacidade antioxidante.
Effects of paclobutrazol on ethylene sensitivity of potted pepper cultivars
Authors: Nascimento Mayana Ferreira , Araújo Fernanda Ferreira de , Santos Rusthon Magno Cortez dos , Silva Neto João José da , Bruckner Claudio Horst , Finger Fernando Luiz
Published: January 2022

Exposure to ethylene of ornamental plants is one of the factors that affect the life cycle post-production of these plants. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of paclobutrazol (PBZ) on the ethylene related responses of ten pepper cultivars of the genus Capsicum and one Solanum by simulating transport and commercialization. The cultivars were treated with PBZ at concentrations of 0, 5, 10 and 20 mg L-1 applied on the potted cultivation substrate. When the plants had 30% of ripe fruits, they were transferred to a 90 L sealed container and treated with 10 μL L-1 ethylene for 48 hours and then kept at room temperature.  Percentages of leaf (LA) and fruit abscission (FA) the plants were recorded at every two days (48h, 96h and 144h). The design used was completely randomized, in an 11 x 4 factorial scheme. The PBZ did not completely inhibit the deleterious effects of exogenous ethylene on plants. However, the ‘Pérola Negra’ showed moderate sensitivity for leaf and fruit abscission, and the ‘Bode Vermelha’ for leaf abscission at a concentration of 10 mg L-1. PBZ prevented partially the abscission of fruits of the ‘Pirâmide Ornamental’ pepper at rates of 5 and 10 mg L-1, and ‘Tabasco’ pepper at a concentration of 10 mg L-1. In addition, cultivars showed darker foliage when treated with PBZ.
O impacto da pandemia do Covid-19 no ensino odontológico – revisão de literatura
Authors: Medeiros Patricia Cortez de , Santos Thamiris Micaeli Xavier dos , Silva Alyce Oliveira da , Silva Douglas Wedson Ferreira da , Melo Gabriel Silveira de , Coutinho Elton de Oliveira , Azevedo Sheila Absalão
Published: January 2022

A suspensão das aulas clínicas e laboratoriais em motivo da pandemia de Covid-19 ocasionaram impactos no Ensino Odontológico, sobretudo para os estudantes, originando problemas de aprendizado, e impactando a sua qualidade de vida. Dessa forma, o presente estudo tem como objetivo, verificar o impacto do ensino odontológico durante a pandemia do Covid-19. Para isso, realizou-se um levantamento de publicações em três bases de dados: 1. Portal de Periódicos CAPES; 2. Scielo e 3. Lilacs. A pesquisa envolveu as seguintes combinações de palavras-chave: (a) Estudantes de odontologia “and" pandemia da covid-19; (b) Covid-19 “and” ensino de odontologia. A partir das definições, critérios e combinações de palavras chaves definidas para o estudo foram localizadas 96 publicações. A amostra final foi composta por 10 artigos. Os resultados demonstraram uma predominância negativa da pandemia tanto no aspecto emocional quanto em relação ao ensino e aprendizado dos estudantes de odontologia. Isso nos permite concluir que ações necessitam ser adotadas para que, se por ventura, episódios futuros sucedam, o sistema educacional consiga determinar medidas prévias para que as consequências sejam amenizadas. Sendo indispensável a necessidade de se reinventar nestes períodos, sobretudo por se tratar de algo que pode ter um impacto indeterminado e, seguramente, transformará o conceito de ensino.
Utilização dos Equipamentos de Proteção Individual pela equipe de enfermagem no cenário pandêmico
Authors: Souza Rafaela São Miguel de , Migueis Graciela da Silva , Oliveira Wanmar de Souza , Silva Michele Salles da , Mendes Vanessa Aves
Published: January 2022

SARS-CoV-2 é responsável por causar a doença Covid-19, com alto grau de contágio e propagação rápida. A contaminação se dá através do contato com gotículas, aerossóis e outras secreções, esse contato pode ser por meio direto ou indireto e com manifestações de sintomas leves a graves. Os profissionais de enfermagem possuem maior risco de serem contaminados, visto que, mantêm contato contínuo e integral com os pacientes hospitalizados, contudo, o uso de Equipamento Proteção Individual (EPI) é uma das medidas eficientes na diminuição da contaminação entre esse público, caso a utilizem de maneira correta. O presente estudo teve por objetivo descrever o conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem sobre o uso de EPI necessários ao cuidado do paciente acometido pela Covid-19. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, do tipo transversal, realizado em um hospital no interior de Mato Grosso. Foram entrevistados 50 profissionais atuantes na linha de frente a Covid-19, sendo 7 enfermeiros e 43 técnicos em Enfermagem. Os achados mostram de modo geral que os profissionais utilizam os EPI em procedimentos desde a triagem até àqueles geradores de aerossóis. Os EPI com maior citação de uso foram: luvas de procedimento, máscara N95 e avental descartável. Em síntese, a utilização do EPI precisa ser aderida entre os profissionais durante alguns procedimentos.
Principais classes farmacológicas relacionadas à farmacodermia
Authors: Melo Maria Eduarda Fernandes de , Porfiro Cínthia Alves , Dantas Luciana Arantes , Neto Filho Manoel Aguiar , Triches Celiana Maria Ferrarini , Santos Jacqueline Silva Guimarães dos
Published: January 2022

Farmacodermia é uma reação dermatológica adversa a algum fármaco, ou seja, qualquer efeito colateral relacionado à pele e/ou a seus anexos como, mucosas, cabelos e unhas, na sua estrutura ou função. Medicamentos contendo fármacos que podem causar farmacodermias são desconhecidos pela população. As farmacodermias estão entre as reações adversas a medicamentos mais comuns, assumindo múltiplos aspectos clínicos, desde lesões solitárias até quadros generalizados. Nesse sentido trazer informações úteis para os leitores sobre a ocorrência de casos de farmacodermia nos últimos anos e fazer um levantamento das principais classes farmacológicas responsáveis é de suma importância pois as farmacodermias estão cada vez mais frequentes, causando grande desconforto e dor aos pacientes. O trabalho foi elaborado através de uma revisão sistemática de literatura sobre a farmacodermia. A pesquisa foi realizada utilizando as palavras-chave farmacodermia, nos portais Google Acadêmico e Portal Regional da BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) que utilizam as bases de dados do Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) entre outras, resultando em 153 trabalhos científicos. Verificamos que as classes farmacológicas de maior incidência em casos de farmacodermias foram os anti-inflamatórios, quimioterápicos, anticonvulsivantes, ansiolíticos, anti-hipertensivos e antibióticos, contudo toda medicação pode causar efeitos adversos do tipo farmacodermias. Essas classes estão entre as mais prescritas em todo mundo, portanto, o contato da equipe multiprofissional e a farmácia clínica são essenciais para a rápida identificação de possíveis farmacodermias.
Sintering Mechanism and Enhanced Piezoelectric and Crystal Structural Properties of (1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 Lead Free Ceramics
Authors: Oh Yoo-Young , Lee Gwangseop , Kamiko Masao , Koh Jung-Hyuk
Published: January 2022

A lead-free piezoelectric ceramic, (1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (hereafter (1-x)BZT-xBCT), was investigated for functional device applications. Lead-free piezoelectric materials with high piezoelectric charge coefficients and voltage coefficients are indispensable for functional industrial applications. Piezoelectric ceramic specimens tend to shrink in size during the sintering process without melting. This study focused on this phenomenon as a unique characteristic of piezoelectric ceramic materials, and derived the materials’ activation energies from this phenomenon, employing the Arrhenius relationship. Then the estimated activation energy was employed to determine the relationship between the piezoelectric properties and crystalline properties, while varying sintering temperature and chemical stoichiometric composition. Piezoelectric properties can change depending on the sintering temperature and process conditions. Crystalline properties and piezoelectric properties can be influenced by the sintering temperature and holding times. In this research, sintering temperature dependent structural and dielectric properties were investigated. (1-x)BZT-xBCT ceramics showed the highest piezoelectric coefficient of 470 pC/N. Sintering temperature dependent shrinkage rate and activation energy were estimated and calculated for the various sintering processes. In this research, two different activation energies for the shrinkage process were estimated.
Introduction
Authors: Cameron Allan
Published: January 2022

Horror films render the materiality of the body not simply as viscera, flesh and blood but also as light, vibration and surface. Bodies thus take on the properties of media, as media themselves become ‘embodied’. With reference to films including The Omen (1976), Videodrome (1983), Demons (1985) and Cam (2018), this introduction addresses horror’s mediatic imaginary, drawing on Jean Luc-Nancy’s theorisation of the body and its emergence at the boundary between matter and discourse. Here, the key point is not merely that horror cinema articulates anxieties regarding specific media technologies. Rather, in this context media technologies serve to disclose something about the body, showing how it can oscillate between subjecthood and objecthood, form and formlessness, sense and non-sense.
Vampire Optics: Projection, Diffusion, Contact
Authors: Cameron Allan
Published: January 2022

Screen vampires are commonly associated with cinematographic effects: from overexposure to underexposure, desaturation to chromatic excess, and superimposition to shallow depth of field. Light (reflected, refracted, perceived and virtual) is thus central to the subgenre’s articulation of mediation and embodiment. At the same time, vampire bodies are overlaid with a shifting array of codes from the spiritual to the genetic, and thus with questions of meaning. The ambiguous rendering of the vampire’s body (whether as tangible flesh or optical artefact, brute matter or spectral cipher) mirrors its uncertain relationship to signification. The vampire flickers between presence and absence, between the observation of symbolic codes and the dissolution of meaning.
Aesthetic Incisions: Giallo Cinema and the Matter of the Cut
Authors: Cameron Allan
Published: January 2022

In the Italian giallo film, a concern with visual fragmentation and aestheticisation links bodies and images. This cycle of films, which peaked during the 1970s, combines convoluted or contradictory mystery plots with spectacular murders and a dedication to visual style, often heightened by a narrative focus on art, fashion, photography or performance. The process of producing and consuming images is thus conceived as a kind of mediatised violence, emblematised both by the ‘becoming-media’ of the victim, who is cut up and re-edited, as it were, and the ‘becoming-media ‘of the killer, who disappears into the text as a mysterious spatiotemporal cut-out. Reflexively foregrounding the mediating role of aesthetics, the giallo suspends corporeal signification between extreme disorder and aestheticisation, disarticulated forms and empty signs.
Sensory Disjunctures: From Audiovisual Rupture to Violent Synchrony
Authors: Cameron Allan
Published: January 2022

In horror, both bodies and media are haunted by the possibility of sensory fragmentation. This is foregrounded in Blow Out (1981) and Berberian Sound Studio (2012), two films which depict technicians working on sound synchronisation in horror films. It also emerges in contemporary examples of ‘sensory horror’ like Don’t Breathe (2016), A Quiet Place (2018) and The Invisible Man (2020), in which characters are prevented in various ways from seeing, hearing or speaking. Although media technologies have a role to play in each case, these films’ sensory occlusions, misalignments and disjunctures are grounded in the corporeal no less than the technological. Technology serves not as an alien threat from without, but as the signifier of an alienation that already haunts the body from within.
Introduction
Authors: Finkelstein David
Published: January 2022

The introduction sets nineteenth-century British and Irish newspaper and periodical press activity within broad contexts, provides an account of the social, economic and political changes affecting media history within this period, and notes the manner in which past surveys and studies of journalism and communication history have influenced our understanding of this period.Topics also addressed include ownership and shifts in news coverage based on technological, legal and cultural developments across the century. It also contextualises volume contents as part of a move to multi-disciplinary approaches to press and journalism history, as well as a turn to placing press production within international and transnational cultural and historical trends.
Newspapers and Advertising
Authors: Robinson Peter
Published: January 2022

Advertising helped to ensure the diversity, range, and independence of news reporting, especially in the regional press. This case study charts the evolution of advertising in British newspapers during the nineteenth century in two ways. Firstly, it tracks and seeks to account for the changing position of advertising within newspapers, following a general migration pattern from the front and back pages of key newspapers, where they jostled with news, opinion columns, and reviews for attention, to a less prominent, but more consistent place in the back pages of the ‘Classifieds’. Secondly, it looks at changes in the rhetorical structures and visual appearance of advertisements throughout the century, from the small, relatively text-dependent, half inch- insertions in the early century, to larger ‘display ads’ which included visual representations of products (made possible in part by the development of print technologies), the integration of products and services within life-style narratives, and the emergence of the concept of ‘branding’.
Readership and Distribution
Authors: Rooney Paul Raphael
Published: January 2022

The ranks of those who could legitimately classed as belonging to the nineteenth-century newspaper reading public grew broader and more diverse as the century advanced. Concurrent with this, one also observes a transformation in the landscape of the contemporary press marketplace. New genres of publication that sought to find favour with these emerging audience demographics commenced publication. This core chapter spotlights the key issues of ability, access, and opportunity that underpinned these developments. It appraises the significance for press readership resulting from the elevation in literacy rates. It also maps the opening up of new opportunities to access print media within specific categories of public reading spaces, either as a purchaser or via the consumption of communal copies. The chapter also considers the circulation and consumption of the press across key specific public domains such as the railways, library reading rooms, and hospitality outlets. A central concern of this discussion will be the transformative impact on press readership of the railway station news-stand network administered by W.H. Smith & Son in England and Wales, John Menzies in Scotland, and Eason & Son in Ireland.
Newspapers and the Law in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: O’Malley Tom
Published: January 2022

This chapter provides an account of the development of laws relating to the press, considers the ways in which the industry promoted and responded to these developments, and reflects on their significance for wider understandings of law in society and the cultural, social and political role of newspaper and periodical publishing.It outlines the traditional view that the press became free from state control and considers the paradox that, at the same time, it became progressively entangled with, legal rights and constraints, emanating from the state, at a time when communications was central to the way people experienced the state and the state interacted with their daily lives. The chapter also discusses the Obscene Publications Act (1876) and the Law of Libel Amendment Act (1888). The first exemplifies issues around state and cultural repression of the press, the other, the way in which the press sought to use the law to gain favours from the state. Both are viewed in their wider historical context, and both provide insights into the cultural and political debates circulating at the time around the issue of the law, the state, personal freedoms and the press.
The Fight in Piccadilly: How False News Went Viral in 1895
Authors: Colligan Colette
Published: January 2022

This case study explores the viral news nature of British reporting in transnational contexts, focusing on Oscar Wilde’s sex trial for “gross indecency” in 1895. This news story was a multi-day press scandal sensation that brought British sexual culture into the public and triggered debates about homosexuality and what was fit to print.  It also became a sensational foreign news story transmitted around the world. Some of the issues addressed in this piece include how British news was transformed into news transmitted overseas, the news networks that facilitated such news flows, and the means by which they were reshaped and reprinted in their new media environments. It offers new insight into how sensational foreign news circulated within an international news economy, and an understanding of transnational news flows as part of a world history of British sexuality and nineteenth-century press impulses, constraints, and freedoms.
The Steamship Press: An International Conduit of Information and Imperial Masculinity
Authors: Rooney Paul Raphael
Published: January 2022

Steamship press publications were a distinct subcategory of the nineteenth-century British newspaper trade, where weekly journals were produced and printed in England for export overseas to be read by expatriate audiences resident in South Asia and the Antipodes. This case study will consider one of the more noteworthy phases in the history of Home News under the 1867-1874 editorship of Shirley Brooks. It also explores the workings of the empire-wide exchange of ideas and ideologies the journal fostered through its news coverage during a period when it represented a vital entity within the nineteenth-century press environment.
‘One Language is Quite Sufficient for the Mass’: Metropolitan Journalism, the British State and the ‘Vernacular’ Periodical Press in Wales, 1840–1914
Authors: Jones Aled Gruffydd
Published: January 2022

The chapter explores the ways in which a predominantly London-based press echoed state anxieties regarding the dangers posed to the security and stability of the realm by the growth of bilingual, non-English language journalism within its borders. The Times, in particular, during the late 1880s supported a campaign by James Edmund Vincent to combat the influence of thriving, radical-Liberal Welsh language newspaper titles published in Wales. However, the chapter also outlines the political heterogeneity of the Welsh language vernacular press during the second half of the nineteenth-century, and the diversity of English responses to its cultural value and continued resilience up to and beyond the First World War. It thus contributes to a wider historical understanding of a culturally centralising tendency within the ruling class of the British Empire that sought to complete the transformation of British society into one that was, for the ‘masses’, exclusively English in language.
The Trade and Professional Press
Authors: King Andrew
Published: January 2022

This chapter provides the first methodologically aware overview of the Victorian trade and professional press. It uses advertising directories to map the changing nature of the field, showing the different densities of periodical types over time and raising methodological questions about the reliability of data and claims derived from them, categorisation, the status differences between various kinds of knowledge and occupations, and the importance of the researcher’s positionality (especially with regards to emic and etic research procedures). Academic neglect of trade periodicals in favour of science and medicine is countered by a demonstration of the enormous importance of trade and mercantile periodicals to the press industry and of their huge diversity. Finally, standard press history is questioned by showing the small effects of the removal of the taxes on knowledge, and the significance instead of manufacturing methods and changes in the demands of society at large.
The Armed Services Press
Authors: Masterson Margery
Published: January 2022

This case study considers the armed services press in Britain, Ireland and the overseas empire as a professional press that was central to the development of a modern army – but one too that was riven by social, political and geographic divides. The armed services press was both a highly fluid global network and yet one rigidly divided along class lines. Not only did the armed services press provide professional information that civilian presses would not, it often served as a local press, first in isolated military communities in the colonies and then in model military communities in the UK. This study uses a full range of armed services periodicals, from national weeklies established in the first decades of the nineteenth century, to the proliferation of new magazines later in the century, to the short-lived military newspapers of the colonies.
Modernism, Music and the Politics of Aesthetics
Authors: Moss Gemma
Published: January 2022

Why was music so prominent in modernist literature? Why did so many modernist writers turn to an abstract art form like music to help them explore politics, gender, war, capitalism, technology and the social functions of art? Using an approach to music informed by T. W. Adorno, this book examines the real-world, political significance of seemingly abstracted things like musical and literary forms. Re-assessing music in James Joyce, Ezra Pound and Sylvia Townsend Warner, this book re-shapes temporal, aesthetic and political understandings of modernism by arguing that music plays a crucial role in on-going attempts to investigate language, rational thought and ideology using aesthetic forms. Finally, through an analysis of twenty-first-century novelists who have returned to modernist music and methods of formal innovation, this book argues that we need a new account of modernism, which is still being produced today. Since contemporary writers continue to ask what can be achieved by combining musical and literary forms, and to debate the value of linguistic and rational meaning against music’s non-referential, emotive communicative capacities, this book provides a methodology that offers a purchase on matters we have not yet found our way out of.
Greek Weird Wave
Authors: Papanikolaou Dimitris
Published: January 2022

This book is the first to provide a reading of the recent ‘Weird’ or ‘New Wave’ of Greek cinema, both through the concept of biopolitics and in the context of contemporary World Cinema politics, aesthetics, as well as production and circulation strategies. Its main aim is to show the ways in which, since the beginning of the 21st century, cinema and other cultural forms in Greece have responded to a sense of Crisis and an ever expansive management of life that we have now come to call biopolitics. Through close cultural and film analysis, the Greek Weird Wave is proposed as a paradigmatic cinema of biopolitical realism, a trend observable more widely in world cinema today. Key films such as Yorgos Lantimos’s Dogtooth, Alps and The Lobster, Athina Rachel Tsangari’s Attenberg, Syllas Tzoumerkas’s Homeland, Alexandros Avranas’s Miss Violence and Panos H. Koutras’s Strella, are read together with less well-known short, medium and feature-length films by directors such as Konstantina Kotzamani, Yorgos Zois, Vassilis Kekatos, Alexandros Voulgaris, Argyris Papadimitropoulos, Babis Makridis. At the same time, the book offers an analysis of the larger cultural context of 21st-century Greece, often explaining the films’ major thematic and formal choices through references to contemporary novels, theatre performances, activist texts and political events.
Sound Affects: Music, Voice and Silence in The Song of the Lark, My Mortal Enemy and Lucy Gayheart
Authors: Reynolds Guy J.
Published: January 2022

The chapter begins by analysing Cather’s essay on Gertrude Hall’s The Wagnerian Romances. Then there are three subsections on specific novels. The Song of the Lark forms the centre for a discussion of the white singer’s body. My Mortal Enemy is the subject of an exploration of that most modernist of narrative techniques – the epiphany. And, finally, the chapter develops a reading of the sensory matrix of Lucy Gayheart, specifically that novel’s counterpointing of sound and silence.
An Occasion of Intimacy: Duncan Grant, Paul Roche and a Jesus that Bloomsbury Could Live With
Authors: Avery Todd
Published: January 2022

This chapter explores the Bloomsbury group’s celebration of intimacy as a fundamental human good and its promotion of sexual freedom as a means of individual, social and political betterment. Avery focuses on the world of late Bloomsbury, where an intimate relation developed between Duncan Grant and Paul Roche (a young writer and for a time a Catholic priest) – a relation which sheds new light on Bloomsbury’s private, artistic, ethical, political and spiritual commitment to intimacy from the regions of domestic space to non-heteronormative erotic relations. Grant took Roche as the model for two portraits: as Narcissus in an unfinished and still unpublished novella, and as the compassionate Jesus in a Lincoln Cathedral mural – ‘artistic Bloomsbury’s grandest public representation of queer Christian intimacy’ – that together embody a productive tension between physical desire and spiritual ambition, sensuousness and religiosity, paganism and Christianity. The chapter shows that in the Bloomsbury painters’ church murals of the 1940s and ’50s, in Grant and Roche’s friendship and love, in Grant’s pictorial and literary representations of Roche, and in Roche’s own writing, ‘Bloomsbury’s commitment to intimacy achieved a particularly sacred intensity’.
Cold Intimacy: Compassion, Precarity and Violence in Nathanael West’s Miss Lonelyhearts
Authors: Högberg Elsa
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines the ethico-political dimensions of (Christian and charitable) compassion in Nathanael West’s novella Miss Lonelyhearts, published in the darkest year of the Great Depression (1933). While West did not explicitly write his radical leftist convictions into his satirical fiction, this chapter argues that Miss Lonelyhearts stages a conflict between absent yet massively needed political responses to socio-economic precarity and an intratextual world whose ‘superrealist’ absurdity revolves around the compassionate, male advice columnist Miss Lonelyhearts being held ethically responsible for alleviating the material causes of his correspondents’ acute vulnerability. The columnist reacts repeatedly to their suffering with aversion and violence, and this chapter traces an anti-capitalist textual politics in West’s unparalleled representation of fraught relations where negative emotions triggering repulsion clash violently with compassion as a positive affect sustaining desire, attraction and love – that is, the realm of intimacy. Enlisting concepts such as Eva Illouz’s ‘cold intimacy’, Lauren Berlant’s ‘cruel optimism’ and Sianne Ngai’s ‘ugly feelings’, it reads the text’s refusal of compassion and intimacy as a radical rejection of an enduring predicament: an affective-political regime of resilience by which capitalism uses intimate relations and positive emotions to prevent class conflict and socio-economic equality.
Leonora Carrington’s Poetics of Listening
Authors: Watz Anna
Published: January 2022

This chapter traces a poetics of intimate listening in Leonora Carrington’s surrealist novel The Hearing Trumpet (written in the 1950s and published in 1974). Carrington was part of the circle of surrealist artists and writers gathered around André Breton in the mid-1930s, and the rupture caused by the arrest of her lover Max Ernst at the outbreak of World War II resulted in Carrington’s psychotic breakdown. She subsequently recounted the experiences of her psychosis in the autobiographical Down Below, a harrowing text dramatising a search for self-knowledge doomed to fail, in which violence and alienation in the context of the rise of fascism and Nazism dominate both inner and outer reality. About a decade later, Carrington revisited and rewrote her journey ‘down below’ in the fictional The Hearing Trumpet. This chapter shows how the novel is ‘at once a parodic quest narrative, […] an intimately personal exploration of subjectivity and self-knowledge’, and ‘a utopian vision of an ethics of being and knowing’. A symbol for the novel’s poetics of listening, the protagonist’s eponymous hearing trumpet guides Watz’s exploration of Carrington’s surrealist-feminist text via the philosophy of love and intimacy underpinning Luce Irigaray’s twenty-first-century writings.
Overlapping Intimacies: Russian Fever, Domestic Morale and the BBC Home Service, 1941–5
Authors: Davison Claire
Published: January 2022

This chapter takes the focus on transnational, sonic intimacy to the
BBC Home Service in 1941–5, and its ‘Projection of Russia’ campaign commissioned to familiarise audiences with a new ally. It foregrounds the inspiration this successful cultural project drew from twentieth-century Russian artistic landmarks – Soviet film and theatre, modernist music and the Ballets Russes – to bring dazzlingly experimental, often trans-medial artworks into the private lives of listeners at home. Contesting the persistent notion of wartime radio as culturally conservative and ‘at best, a sober and homely monosphere (seeping from “the cells of [the listener’s] most intimate life”, as Adorno puts it), at worst an insidiously invasive voice of state-controlled consensus’, Davison’s scrutiny of the Radio Times, The Listener, The Gramophone and the BBC Script and Sound Archives reveals how these aesthetically and technologically challenging wartime productions – and their popularisation through the intimate familiarity of home listening – bear out an observation in the unsigned The Listener editorial ‘Understanding an Ally’ (1942): that transnational and transcultural understanding begins with ‘“what we have in common”: “learning about their background, their views and their traditions, by trying to see things for a few moments as they see them, to think […] as they think”’.
The (Afro)Future of a Diverse Marvel: Gender, Race and Empire in Thor: Ragnarok and Black Panther
Authors: Kent Miriam
Published: January 2022

This final chapter culminates in a meditation on the significance of Marvel’s Black Panther adaptation, alongside Thor: Ragnarok regarding wider social and political issues. Both films are concerned with similar themes of ethnic bloodlines, royalty and marginalisation. The Trump era gave rise to media texts which have been characterised as reigniting and normalising a politic of white supremacy alongside an overblown neoliberal, capitalist conservatism. These films are therefore positioned within this context, which is both heavily racialised and somewhat naïve in its striving for a postracial utopia. While Black Panther heavily draws from Afrofuturist aesthetics and themes to project empowered black superheroic female subjectivities, Thor: Ragnarok struggles to reconcile the potentially white-supremacist leanings of its Norse source material with an outlook that rests on racial diversity and inclusion.
Literary Approaches to Islamic Historiography and Khārijite History
Authors: Hagemann Hannah-Lena
Published: January 2022

Chapter One gives an introductory overview of the challenges inherent in both the ‘genre’ and the research field of early Islamic historiography. It addresses approaches to historical writing, often heavily influenced by the Linguistic Turn, that are prominent in other disciplines and may prove useful in improving how scholars of early Islam engage with their own source material. The main part of the chapter then reviews some of the scholarship that has highlighted the rhetorical features of the early Islamic (historical) tradition. The chapter concludes by arguing for the application of similar methods to Khārijite history, thus preparing the ground for the literary analysis to follow.
Natural Theology
Authors: Harvey Ramon
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines arguments for the existence of God under the familiar headings of ontological, cosmological and teleological. There is a focus on assessing al-Māturīdī’s position in relation to these arguments, as well as reflecting on their use in Islamic theology today. Special attention is paid to recent debates about the kalām cosmological argument and exploring its application in the light of the theological position advocated in the book.