bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RF and Linearity Analysis of Heterojunction-free Ga2O3 FINFET with Respect to Different Fin Widths and Temperatures
Authors: Reddy M. Nomitha , Panda Deepak kumar
Published: February 2023

In this paper we have proposed a Heterojunction free Ga2O3 FinFET, and the different electrical characteristics have been analysed. Fin width is one of the most important parameters for the device performance, hence all the electrical charaterstics have been analysed for different fin widths. Temperature is one of the most important considerations for high power applications and hence electrical characteristics have been analysed by varying temperature also. Here, in the work done an exhaustive study on the RF and Linearity analysis on Heterojunction-free Ga2O3 layer FINFET using TCAD device simulator is demonstrated. The impact when varying the widths of fin along with the temperature variation for the device on various RF parameters like Drain current, gm (Transconductance), gd (output Conductance), Cgs and Cgd (gate capacitances), fT (cut-off frequency) are studied. The same has been performed even to calculate different linearity parameters such as gm2, gm3, VIP3, IIP3, IMD3, 1db compression point. It’s observed that to have high value for fin width and to have lower temperature value is much worthier for RFIC applications. In order to exhibit the superiority of the Ga2O3 FINFET it has been compared with the SOI FINFET.
Impact of the Self-Heating Effect on Nanosheet Field Effect Transistor Performance
Authors: Smaani Billel , Paras Neha , Rahi Shiromani Balmukund , Song Young Suh , Yadav Ramakant , Tayal Subham
Published: February 2023

Nanosheet Field Effect Transistor (NSFET) has emerged as a promising candidate to replace FinFET devices at sub-7nm technology nodes and for different SoC applications. In this work, we have investigated the DC properties of 3D vertically-stacked NSFET including the impact of self-heating effect (SHE) and also influence of geometry scaling. The thermal resistance and the maximum lattice temperature have been analyzed according to the device’s channel number. Also, the distribution of lattice temperature has been exposed. During the 3D investigation, it has been observed that SHE degrades the switching performance and subthreshold swing SS ≈ 22%. Furthermore, it is found that the proposed device is showing improved figure of merits as ION (∼2.77 × 10−5A), IOFF (∼10−20A), SS (>60 mV decade−1) and ION/IOFF (∼1015). The DIBL has been reduced by −52% when the NS’s width is ranging from 10 to 5 nm, and increased from 32 to 92 mV V−1 when the gate-length decreases from 14 to 8 nm.
Thermoelectric, Magnetic Properties and Re-entrant Spin-glass State in MBE Grown FeAs Film on LaAlO3(100) Substrate
Authors: Van Thiet Duong , Dung Dang Duc , Nguyen Van Quang , Duong Anh Tuan , Chung Nguyen Xuan , Hong Nguyen Tuan , Cho Sunglae
Published: February 2023

We report on the growth, thermoelectric, magnetic properties, and re-entrant spin-glass state in MnP-type orthorhombic FeAs thin film, grown on LaAlO3 (100) substrate by using a molecular beam epitaxy. The film is polycrystalline with a grain size about 200 nm. Electrical resistivity as a function of temperature revealed a metallic behavior. A sign change of Seebeck coefficient was observed at 370 K, due to the contribution of multiple bands to charge transport. We found a re-entrant spin-glass state in the film, attributed to strain in the sample. As a result, a very sharp spin-glass magnetic transition at 50 K was observed in the temperature dependence of Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, and magnetization curves. The bifurcation point between zero field cooled and field cooled magnetization occurred at 350 K. A ferromagnetic-type behavior was observed over a temperature range from 10 to 300 K, confirming the re-entrant spin-glass state. Where the determined magnetization and coercive field are small, around 7 emu cm−3 and 300 Oe at 10 K, respectively. Our work provided a study on thermoelectric and magnetic properties of re-entrant spin-glass FeAs in thin film form
Myosin post-translational modifications and function in the presence of myopathy-linked truncating MYH2 mutations
Authors: Sonne Alexander , Peverelli Lorenzo , Hernandez-Lain Aurelio , Domínguez-González Cristina , Andersen Jesper L. , Milone Margherita , Beggs Alan H. , Ochala Julien
Published: February 2023

Congenital myopathies are a vast group of genetic muscle diseases. Among the causes are mutations in the MYH2 gene resulting in truncated type IIa myosin heavy chains (MyHCs). The precise cellular and molecular mechanisms by which these mutations induce skeletal muscle symptoms remain obscure. Hence, in the present study, we aimed to explore whether such genetic defects would alter the presence as well as the post-translational modifications of MyHCs and the functionality of myosin molecules. For this, we dissected muscle fibers from four myopathic patients with MYH2 truncating mutations and from five human healthy controls. We then assessed 1) MyHCs presence/post-translational modifications using LC/MS; 2) relaxed myosin conformation and concomitant ATP consumption with a loaded Mant-ATP chase setup; 3) myosin activation with an unloaded in vitro motility assay; and 4) cellular force production with a myofiber mechanical setup. Interestingly, the type IIa MyHC with one additional acetylated lysine (Lys35-Ac) was present in the patients. This was accompanied by 1) a higher ATP demand of myosin heads in the disordered-relaxed conformation; 2) faster actomyosin kinetics; and 3) reduced muscle fiber force. Overall, our findings indicate that MYH2 truncating mutations impact myosin presence/functionality in human adult mature myofibers by disrupting the ATPase activity and actomyosin complex. These are likely important molecular pathological disturbances leading to the myopathic phenotype in patients.
Functional maturation of kidney organoid tubules: PIEZO1-mediated Ca2+ signaling
Authors: Carrisoza-Gaytan Rolando , Kroll Katharina T. , Hiratsuka Ken , Gupta Navin R. , Morizane Ryuji , Lewis Jennifer A. , Satlin Lisa M.
Published: February 2023

Kidney organoids cultured on adherent matrices in the presence of superfusate flow generate vascular networks and exhibit more mature podocyte and tubular compartments compared with static controls (Homan KA, Gupta N, Kroll KT, Kolesky DB, Skylar-Scott M, Miyoshi T, Mau D, Valerius MT, Ferrante T, Bonventre JV, Lewis JA, Morizane R. Nat Methods 16: 255-262, 2019; Takasato M, Er PX, Chiu HS, Maier B, Baillie GJ, Ferguson C, Parton RG, Wolvetang EJ, Roost MS, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, Little MH. Nature 526: 564-568, 2015.). However, their physiological function has yet to be systematically investigated. Here, we measured mechano-induced changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in tubules isolated from organoids cultured for 21–64 days, microperfused in vitro or affixed to the base of a specimen chamber, and loaded with fura-2 to measure [Ca2+]i. A rapid >2.5-fold increase in [Ca2+]i from a baseline of 195.0 ± 22.1 nM ( n = 9; P ≤ 0.001) was observed when microperfused tubules from organoids >40 days in culture were subjected to luminal flow. In contrast, no response was detected in tubules isolated from organoids <30 days in culture. Nonperfused tubules (41 days) subjected to a 10-fold increase in bath flow rate also exhibited a threefold increase in [Ca2+]i from baseline ( P < 0.001). Mechanosensitive PIEZO1 channels contribute to the flow-induced [Ca2+]i response in mouse distal tubule (Carrisoza-Gaytan R, Dalghi MG, Apodaca GL, Kleyman TR, Satlin LM. The FASEB J 33: 824.25, 2019.). Immunodetectable apical and basolateral PIEZO1 was identified in tubular structures by 21 days in culture. Basolateral PIEZO1 appeared to be functional as basolateral exposure of nonperfused tubules to the PIEZO1 activator Yoda 1 increased [Ca2+]i ( P ≤ 0.001) in segments from organoids cultured for >30 days, with peak [Ca2+]i increasing with advancing days in culture. These results are consistent with a maturational increase in number and/or activity of flow/stretch-sensitive Ca2+ channels, including PIEZO1, in tubules of static organoids in culture.
Human Factor Engineering Research for Rehabilitation Robots: A Systematic Review
Authors: Song Duanshu , Liu Songyong , Gao Yixuan , Huang Yuexin
Published: February 2023

The application of human factors engineering for rehabilitation robots is based on a “human‐centered” design philosophy that strives to provide safe and efficient human‐robot interaction training for patients rather than depending on rehabilitation therapists. Human factors engineering for rehabilitation robots is undergoing preliminary investigation. However, the depth and breadth of current research do not provide a complete human factor engineering solution for developing rehabilitation robots. This study aims to provide a systematic review of research at the intersection of rehabilitation robotics and ergonomics to understand the progress and state‐of‐the‐art research on critical human factors, issues, and corresponding solutions for rehabilitation robots. A total of 496 relevant studies were obtained from six scientific database searches, reference searches, and citation‐tracking strategies. After applying the selection criteria and reading the full text of each study, 21 studies were selected for review and classified into four categories based on their human factor objectives: implementation of high safety, implementation of lightweight and high comfort, implementation of high human‐robot interaction, and performance evaluation index and system studies. Based on the results of the studies, recommendations for future research are presented and discussed.
Community‐Driven Family Planning in Urban Slums: Results from Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Adnan Ahmad , Ahmad Taimoor , Najam Areesha , Khan Ayesha
Published: February 2023

Background. Pakistan’s contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) has remained static (less than 1% annual increase since 2006) due to several demand and supply issues. The Akhter Hameed Khan Foundation implemented a community‐driven, demand‐generation intervention with complementary supply side family planning (FP) services in a large urban informal settlement in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Methods. The intervention recruited local women as outreach workers called Aapis (sisters), who conducted household outreach and provided counseling, contraceptives, and referrals. Program data were used to guide in‐program corrections, identify the most willing to use married women of reproductive age (MWRA), and target specific geographic locations. The evaluation compared results from two surveys. The baseline survey included 1485 MWRA while the endline included 1560 MWRA that were sampled using the same methodology. A logit model was used with survey weights and clustered standard errors, to estimate the odds of using a contraceptive method. Results. CPR in Dhok Hassu increased from 33% at the baseline to 44% at endline. Long‐acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) usage increased from 1% at baseline to 4% at endline. Increase in CPR is correlated with increasing number of children and education of MWRA and is the highest between the ages of 25 and 39 and for working women. Qualitative evaluation of the intervention provided lessons about in‐program corrections using data and empowerment of the female outreach workers and MWRA. Conclusion. The Aapis Initiative is a unique community‐based demand‐supply side intervention that successfully increased modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) by economically engaging the women from within the community as outreach workers and enabling healthcare providers to establish a sustainable ecosystem for increasing knowledge and access to family planning services.
Garlic Extract Participates in the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Cells Via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway
Authors: Pan Deguang , Zheng Mingjun , Liu Jin , Sun Ze , Shi Xiulian
Published: February 2023

Objective. To investigate the effect of garlic extract (GE) on the proliferation and apoptosis of cell lines A549 and H1299 in lung cancer (LC). Methods. A549 and H1299 cells with well‐developed logarithmic growth were added with GE at a concentration of 0 μg/ml, 25 μg/ml, 50 μg/M, 75 μg/ml, and 100 μg/ml, respectively. The inhibition of A549 cell proliferation was detected using CCK‐8 after cultured for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. The apoptosis of A549 cells was analyzed via flow cytometry (FCM) after 24 h of cultivation. In vitro migration of A549 and H1299 cells was determined by cell wound scratch assay after 0 h and 24 h culture. The caspase‐3 and caspase‐9 protein expression levels in A549 and H1299 cells were evaluated through western blot after 24 h of cultivation. Results. Colony formation and EdU assays revealed that Z‐ajoene could inhibit cell viability and cell proliferation in NSCLC cells. After 24 h culture, there was no significant difference in the proliferation rate of A549 and H1299 cells with different GE concentrations (P > 0.05). A remarkable proliferation rate difference emerged between A549 and H1299 cells with different GE concentrations after 48 and 72 hours of cultivation. The proliferation rate of A549 and H1299 cells in the experiment group was significantly lower than that in the control group. With an elevated level of GE concentration, the proliferation rate of A549 and H1299 cells decreased (P < 0.05) while the apoptotic rate increased continuously. Conclusion. GE could exert toxic effects on A549 and H1299 cells, inhibit cell proliferation, promote apoptosis, and attenuate cell migration. Meanwhile, it might induce apoptosis of A549 and H1299 cells through the caspase signal pathway, which is positively correlated with the mass action concentration and is expected to be a new drug for LC treatment.
Credit Rating Model of Family Farms and Ranches Based on Dynamic Dichotomous DEA
Authors: Zhang Qinjin , Li Zhanjiang
Published: February 2023

The key to the sustainable development of family farms and ranches is to solve the problem of financing difficulty, and the construction of the credit rating system of family farms and ranches is the basis of solving the financing difficulty. Therefore, the construction of the credit rating system of family farms and ranches is not only a theoretical problem but also has strong practical significance. On the basis of dichotomous method and improved DEA technology, this paper sets up a credit rating model based on dynamic cycle dichotomous DEA method with the goal of maximizing the efficiency value of credit scoring of family farm and ranch and the constraint of increasing default loss rate. The first feature of this paper is that it constructs a direct mapping from the credit index system to the credit score through the three‐stage DEA model, which avoids the disadvantages of the classical linear weighting formula that relies heavily on the measurement results of different weights, and obtains more accurate and stable credit score results of family farms and pastures. Second, the three‐stage DEA efficiency value is used as the credit score value of the family farm and pasture, and whether it is located in the optimal preset interval is taken as the basis for efficiency dichotomy. The DEA credit score of the family farm and pasture is calculated by dynamic cycle, and the samples belonging to each level of the family farm and pasture are calculated successively according to the order of the credit grade from high to low. Finally, the result of reasonable credit rating of family farm and ranch with high default loss rate and low credit score was obtained. The pyramid test results of matching credit rating and default loss rate show that this research method is effective and has a good pyramid shape.
Design and Motion Simulation of a Soft Robot for Crawling in Pipes
Authors: Yu Zhang , Peiyu Huang , Bo You , Zhibin Yu , Dongjie Li , Guoqi Dong
Published: February 2023

In recent years, soft pipeline robot, as a new concept, is proposed to adapt to tunnel. The soft pipeline robots are made of soft materials such as rubber or silicone. These materials have good elasticity, which enhance the adaptability of the soft pipeline robot. Therefore, the soft pipeline robot has better performance on deformability than rigid robot. However, the structure of tunnel is complex and varied that brought challenges on design structure of soft pipeline robot. In this paper, we propose soft pipeline robot with simple structure and easy fabrication, which can be realized straight, turning motion in a variety of tunnels with different diameters. The soft pipeline robot composed of two types of structure, which are expansion part and deformation part. Front and rear deformation part for bending and position fixation, and middle expansion part for elongation, so the pipeline soft robot can be moved in various structures of tunnels. Moreover, the locomotion ability and adaptability in tunnel are verified by simulating on software. The structure of chamber proposed in this paper can guide the design method of soft pipeline robot.
CSF-Targeted Proteomics Indicate Amyloid-Beta Ratios in Patients with Alzheimer’s Dementia Spectrum
Authors: Behzad Maryam , Zirak Negin , Madani Ghazal Hamidi , Baidoo Linda , Rezaei Ali , Karbasi Shima , Sadeghi Mohammad , Shafie Mahan , Mayeli Mahsa , Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2023

Background. According to recent studies, amyloid-β (Aβ) isoforms as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers have remarkable predictive value for cognitive decline in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Herein, we aimed to investigate the correlations between several targeted proteomics in CSF samples with Aβ ratios and cognitive scores in patients in AD spectrum to search for potential early diagnostic utility. Methods. A total of 719 participants were found eligible for inclusion. Patients were then categorized into cognitively normal (CN), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD and underwent an assessment of Aβ and proteomics. Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS), and Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) were used for further cognitive assessment. The Aβ42, Aβ42/Aβ40, and Aβ42/38 ratios were considered as means of comparison to identify those peptides corresponding significantly to these established biomarkers and cognitive scores. The diagnostic utility of the IASNTQSR, VAELEDEK, VVSSIEQK, GDSVVYGLR, EPVAGDAVPGPK, and QETLPSK was assessed. Results. All investigated peptides corresponded significantly to Aβ42 in controls. In those with MCI, VAELEDEK and EPVAGDAVPGPK were significantly correlated with Aβ42 (

p

value < 0.001). Additionally, IASNTQSR, VVSSIEQK, GDSVVYGLR, and QETLPSK were significantly correlated with Aβ42/Aβ40 and Aβ42/38 (

p

value < 0.001) in this group. This group of peptides similarly corresponded to Aβ ratios in those with AD. Eventually, IASNTQSR, VAELEDEK, and VVSSIEQK were significantly associated with CDR, ADAS-11, and ADAS-13, particularly in MCI group. Conclusion. Our research suggests potential early diagnostic and prognostic utilities for certain peptides extracted from CSF-targeted proteomics research. The ethical approval of ADNI is available at ClinicalTrials.gov with Identifier: NCT00106899.
Peroxiredoxin 2 Is a Potential Objective Indicator for Severity and the Clinical Status of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients
Authors: Peng Zheng , Pang Cong , Li Xiao-Jian , Zhang Hua-Sheng , Zhang Jia-Tong , Zhu Qi , Xu Hua-Jie , Gao Yong-Yue , Zhuang Zong , Li Wei , Zhang Qing-Rong , Lu Yue , Hang Chun-Hua
Published: February 2023

Purpose. We have demonstrated that peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) released from lytic erythrocytes and damaged neurons into the subarachnoid space could activate microglia and then result in neuronal apoptosis. In this study, we tested the possibility of using Prx2 as an objective indicator for severity of the subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and the clinical status of the patient. Materials and Methods. SAH patients were prospectively enrolled and followed up for 3 months. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples were collected 0-3 and 5-7 days after SAH onset. The levels of Prx2 in the CSF and the blood were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We used Spearman’s rank coefficient to assess the correlation between Prx2 and the clinical scores. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used for Prx2 levels to predict the outcome of SAH by calculating the area under the curve (AUC). Unpaired Student’s

t

-test was used to analyze the differences in continuous variables across cohorts. Results. Prx2 levels in the CSF increased after onset while those in the blood decreased. Existing data showed that Prx2 levels within 3 days in the CSF after SAH were positively correlated with the Hunt-Hess score (

R
=
0.761

,

P
<
0.001

). Patients with CVS had higher levels of Prx2 in their CSF within 5-7 days after onset. Prx2 levels in the CSF within 5-7 days can be used as a predictor of prognosis. The ratio of Prx2 in the CSF and the blood within 3 days of onset was positively correlated with the Hunt-Hess score and negatively correlated with Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS;

R
=
‐
0.605

,

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. We found that the levels of Prx2 in the CSF and the ratio of Prx2 in the CSF and the blood within 3 days of onset can be used as a biomarker to detect the severity of the disease and the clinical status of the patient.
[Retracted] A Multi‐Thresholding‐Based Discriminative Neural Classifier for Detection of Retinoblastoma Using CNN Models
Authors: Kumar Parmod , Suganthi D. , Valarmathi K. , Swain Mahendra Pratap , Vashistha Piyush , Buddhi Dharam , Sey Emmanuel
Published: February 2023

Cancer is one of the vital diseases which lead to the uncontrollable growth of the cell, and it affects the body tissue. A type of cancer that affects the children below five years and adults in a rare case is called retinoblastoma. It affects the retina in the eye and the surrounding region of eye like the eyelid, and sometimes, it leads to vision loss if it is not diagnosed at the early stage. MRI and CT are widely used scanning procedures to identify the cancerous region in the eye. Current screening methods for cancer region identification needs the clinicians’ support to spot the affected regions. Modern healthcare systems develop an easy way to diagnose the disease. Discriminative architectures in deep learning can be viewed as supervised deep learning algorithms which use classification/regression techniques to predict the output. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is a part of the discriminative architecture which helps to process both image and text data. This work suggests the CNN‐based classifier which classifies the tumor and nontumor regions in retinoblastoma. The tumor‐like region (TLR) in retinoblastoma is identified using the automated thresholding method. After that, ResNet and AlexNet algorithms are used to classify the cancerous region along with classifiers. In addition, the comparison of discriminative algorithm along with its variants is experimented to produce the better image analysis method without the intervention of clinicians. The experimental study reveals that ResNet50 and AlexNet yield better results compared to other learning modules.
Identification of Key MicroRNAs and Genes between Colorectal Adenoma and Colorectal Cancer via Deep Learning on GEO Databases and Bioinformatics
Authors: Zhang Xin , Jin Mingxin , Liu Fengjun , Qu Hui , Chen Cheng
Published: February 2023

Background. Deep learning techniques are gaining momentum in medical research. Colorectal adenoma (CRA) is a precancerous lesion that may develop into colorectal cancer (CRC) and its etiology and pathogenesis are unclear. This study aims to identify transcriptome differences between CRA and CRC via deep learning on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases and bioinformatics in the Chinese population. Methods. In this study, three microarray datasets from the GEO database were used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) in CRA and CRC. The FunRich software was performed to predict the targeted mRNAs of DEMs. The targeted mRNAs were overlapped with DEGs to determine the key DEGs. Molecular mechanisms of CRA and CRC were evaluated using enrichment analysis. Cytoscape was used to construct protein–protein interaction (PPI) and miRNA–mRNA regulatory networks. We analyzed the expression of key DEMs and DEGs, their prognosis, and correlation with immune infiltration based on the Kaplan–Meier plotter, UALCAN, and TIMER databases. Results. A total of 38 DEGs are obtained after the intersection, including 11 upregulated genes and 27 downregulated genes. The DEGs were involved in the pathways, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, sphingolipid metabolism, and intrinsic pathway for apoptosis. The expression of has-miR-34c (

P
=
0.036

), hsa-miR-320a (

P
=
0.045

), and has-miR-338 (

P
=
0.0063

) was correlated with the prognosis of CRC patients. The expression levels of BCL2, PPM1L, ARHGAP44, and PRKACB in CRC tissues were significantly lower than normal tissues (

P
<
0.001

), while the expression levels of TPD52L2 and WNK4 in CRC tissues were significantly higher than normal tissues (

P
<
0.01

). These key genes are significantly associated with the immune infiltration of CRC. Conclusion. This preliminary study will help identify patients with CRA and early CRC and establish prevention and monitoring strategies to reduce the incidence of CRC.
Multiple Quadratic Polynomial Regression Models and Quality Maps for Tensile Mechanical Properties and Quality Indices of Cast Aluminum Alloys according to Artificial Aging Heat Treatment Condition
Authors: Yang Won-Chol , Yang Ji-Yon , Kim Ryong-Chol
Published: February 2023

To evaluate the quality of cast aluminum alloys quantitatively and intuitively, quality index and quality map have been used. Quality index and quality map are to quantitatively evaluate the quality of cast aluminum alloys according to yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation to fracture (Ef), and strain energy density (W). There are some quality indices such as Q, QR, QC, and Q0. The quality maps are generated to intuitively evaluate the quality level based on the quality indices. These quality indices and quality maps show the quality levels according to the pairs of tensile mechanical properties such as UTS and Ef, or YS and Ef, or YS and W. By using these quality maps, it is impossible to directly evaluate the quality levels according to the artificial aging heat treatment condition. We develop multiple quadratic polynomial regression models and quality maps for tensile mechanical properties and quality indices of the cast aluminum alloys according to artificial aging heat treatment condition. The performances of the regression models are evaluated using the mean absolute errors, mean relative errors, and coefficients of determination. The regression models and quality maps could be widely used to evaluate the quality of the cast aluminum alloys according to the aging heat treatment conditions and determine the rational aging heat treatment condition.
Anterior Bone Loss after Cervical Baguera C Disc versus Bryan Disc Arthroplasty
Authors: Yang Chih-Chang , Chen Tse-Yu , Chen Wen-Hsien , Tzeng Chung-Yuh , Huang Chih-Wei , Lin Ruei-Hong , Kao Ting-Hsien , Chen Hsien-Te , Chang Chien-Chun , Tsou Hsi-Kai
Published: February 2023

Objectives. The objectives of this study were to identify the risk factors and incidence of anterior bone loss (ABL) after Baguera C cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) and identify whether design differences in artificial discs affect ABL. Methods. In this retrospective radiological review of patients who underwent single‐level Baguera C CDA in a medical center, the extent of ABL and the following radiological parameters were recorded: global and segmental alignment angle, lordotic angle (or functional spinal unit angle), shell angle, global range of motion (ROM), and ROM of the index level. ABL at the index level was grade 0‐2. Grade 0 was defined as no remodeling, grade 1 as spur disappearance or mild change in body contour, and grade 2 as obvious bone regression with Baguera C Disc exposure. Results. Combining grade 1 and grade 2, ABL was found in 56 upper adjacent vertebrae and 52 lower adjacent vertebrae of the 77 patients. Only 18 patients (23.4%) had no ABL. Shell angle differed significantly between ABL grades of both the upper and lower adjacent level: 0.0° in grade 0 and 1 ABL vs. 2.0° in grade 2 ABL of the upper adjacent level (p < 0.05); and 0.0° in grade 0 and 1 ABL vs. 3.5° in grade 2 ABL of the lower adjacent level (p < 0.05). A female predominance of ABL was found. Hybrid surgery and artificial disc size were also related to ABL. Conclusions. ABL is more common in Baguera C Disc arthroplasty than Bryan Disc arthroplasty. Larger shell angle was related to ABL after CDA with Baguera C Discs, which may indicate that shell angle is pivotal in determining the incidence of ABL after CDA. Females had more ABL with Baguera C Disc arthroplasty; this might be related to shorter endplate lengths as well as a smaller endplate‐implant mismatch.
AI-Enabled Learning Architecture Using Network Traffic Traces over IoT Network: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Aneja Nagender , Aneja Sandhya , Bhargava Bharat
Published: February 2023

WiFi and private 5G networks, commonly referred to as P5G, provide Internet of Things (IoT) devices the ability to communicate at fast speeds, with low latency and with a high capacity. Will they coexist and share the burden of delivering a connection to devices at home, on the road, in the workplace, and at a park or a stadium? Or will one replace the other to manage the increase in endpoints and traffic in the enterprise, campus, and manufacturing environments? In this research, we describe IoT device testbeds to collect network traffic in a local area network and cyberspace including beyond 5G/6G network traffic traces at different layers. We also describe research problems and challenges, such as traffic classification and traffic prediction by the traffic traces of devices. An AI-enabled hierarchical learning architecture for the problems above using sources like network packets, frames, and signals from the traffic traces with machine learning models is also presented.
Design and Development of a Big Data Platform for Disease Burden Based on the Spark Engine
Authors: Li Chengcheng , Gao Jing , Pan Qingwei , Zhou Zhihua , Yang Yue , Zhou Shangcheng
Published: February 2023

Objective. This study attempts to build a big data platform for disease burden that can realize the deep coupling of artificial intelligence and public health. This is a highly open and shared intelligent platform, including big data collection, analysis, and result visualization. Methods. Based on data mining theory and technology, the current situation of multisource data on disease burden was analyzed. Putting forward the disease burden big data management model, functional modules, and technical framework, Kafka technology is used to optimize the transmission efficiency of the underlying data. This will be an efficient and highly scalable data analysis platform through embedding embedded Sparkmlib in the Hadoop ecosystem. Results. With the concept of “Internet + medical integration,” the overall architecture design of the big data platform for disease burden management was proposed based on the Spark engine and Python language. The main system composition and application scenarios are given at four levels: multisource data collection, data processing, data analysis, and the application layer, according to application scenarios and use requirements. Conclusion. The big data platform of disease burden management helps to promote the multisource convergence of disease burden data and provides a new path for the standardized paradigm of disease burden measurement. Provide methods and ideas for the deep integration of medical big data and the formation of a broader standard paradigm.
[Retracted] Treatment Protocols in the Efficacy and Safety of Anti‐EGFR Medicines in Combination with Standard Therapy for Patients with Nasopharyngeal Cancer: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Fang Yakun , Fan Jinlei , Yan Chao
Published: February 2023

Objective. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of standard therapy (radiotherapy/RT/CT) with that of antiepidermal growth factor receptor (anti‐EGFR) monoclonal antibody (NPC) therapy in patients with advanced nasopharyngeal cancer. Methods. A meta‐analysis was performed to meet the objective of this study. The English databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched. The literature review compared anti‐EGFR‐targeted therapy with conventional therapy practices. The main outcome measure was overall survival (OS). Secondary goals were progression‐free survival (PFS), locoregional recurrence‐free survival (LRRFS), distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS), and adverse events (grade 3). Results. The database search resulted in 11 studies, with a total of 4219 participants. It was found that combining an anti‐EGFR regimen with conventional therapy did not enhance OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.18; 95%confidence interval [CI] = 0.51–2.40; p = 0.70) or PFS appreciably (HR = 0.95; 95%CI = 0.51–1.48; p = 0.88) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. While LRRFS increased considerably (HR = 0.70; 95%CI = 0.67–1.00; p = 0.01), the combined regimen did not improve DMFS (HR = 0.86; 95%CI = 0.61–1.12; p = 0.36). Treatment‐related adverse events included haematological toxicity (RR = 0.2; 95%CI = 0.08–0.45; p = 0.01), cutaneous reactions (RR = 7.05; 95%CI = 2.15–23.09; p = 0.01), and mucositis (RR = 1.96; 95%CI = 1.58–2.09; p = 0.01). Conclusions. Individuals who have nasopharyngeal cancer do not have an increased chance of surviving until a local recurrence of their disease if they get normal therapy in addition to an anti‐EGFR regimen. However, this combination does not enhance overall survival. On the other hand, this factor adds to an increase in the number of adverse effects.
A Splendid New Beginning at the End of a 40-Year Quest: The First KRASG12D Inhibitor in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Redding Alexandra , Grabocka Elda
Published: February 2023

The first KRASG12D inhibitor, MRTX113, leads to regression in multiple mouse models of PDAC as a monotherapy. MRTX113 blocks cancer cell proliferation, induces cancer cell death, and promotes immune infiltration and activation.

See related article by Kemp et al., p. 298 (6).
Blood Biomarkers of Neuronal/Axonal and Glial Injury in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders
Authors: Rocha Natalia P. , Teixeira Antonio L. , Colpo Gabriela D. , Babicz Michelle A. , Thompson Jennifer L. , Woods Steven Paul
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Approximately half of the people living with HIV (PLWH) experience HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs). However, the neuropathogenesis of HAND is complex, and identifying reliable biomarkers has been challenging. Methods: This study included 132 participants aged 50 and older from greater San Diego County. The participants were divided into three groups: PLWH with HAND (n = 29), PLWH without HAND (n = 73), and seronegatives without cognitive impairment (n = 30). Peripheral blood was collected at the clinical assessment, and plasma levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL), phosphorylated Tau 181 (pTau181), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Plasma levels of NfL (but not pTau181 and GFAP) were significantly associated with HAND at a medium effect size (p = 0.039, Cohen’s d = 0.45 for HAND + vs. HAND−). Notably, higher levels of NfL were significantly associated with HAND diagnosis even after adjusting for sex. Discussion: Our data suggest that neuronal degeneration (as evidenced by increased levels of NfL), but not tau pathology or glial degeneration, is related to cognitive status in PLWH. Our results corroborate the view that blood NfL is a promising biomarker of cognitive impairment in PLWH.
Impact of Transarterial Chemoembolization or Hepatic Artery Infusion Chemotherapy on Liver Function after Hepatocellular Carcinoma Resection: An Observational Study
Authors: Yue Rongbin , Liu Xiqiang
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Liver surgery leads to a high degree of heterogeneity in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, most previous studies focused on the postoperative therapeutic effects of other treatments, with relatively few studies on the impacts on liver function. This study investigated the impact of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) on liver function after HCC resection from various angles. Methods: 138 HCC patients were enrolled, including 27 patients who received TACE and 80 patients who received HAIC. Besides routine treatment such as liver protection and antiviral therapy, 31 patients received no other treatment. The different groups were compared with various biological parameters with four types of scoring methods. Results: In the short term after TACE, the mean (±SD) alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase values increased by 79.22 ± 117.43 U/L and 66.33 ± 94.54 U/L, respectively (p < 0.01). The mean (±SD) total bilirubin (TBIL) values increased by 4.02 ± 6.08 μmol/L (p < 0.01). The mean (±SD) albumin (ALB) values decreased by 3.54 ± 2.93 g/L (p < 0.001). The mean (±SD) albumin bilirubin (ALBI) scores increased by 0.39 ± 0.22 (p < 0.001). In the short term after HAIC, the mean (±SD) TBIL values increased by 2.11 ± 5.57 μmol/L (p < 0.01). The mean (±SD) ALB values decreased by 2.52 ± 3.26 g/L (p < 0.001), and the mean (±SD) ALBI scores increased by 0.21 ± 0.42 (p < 0.001). In both treatment groups, the long-term liver function was not significantly different from that before treatment and also from that of the untreated group (p > 0.05). Conclusion: TACE after HCC resection has a significant impact on short-term liver function, whereas HAIC has a relatively small impact, but neither has a major impact on long-term liver function.
Relationship between Eosinophilic and Neutrophilic Inflammation in Chinese Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps
Authors: Ma Ling , Deng Yunping , Wang Kanghua , Shi Jianbo , Sun Yueqi
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs) in China is characterized by a mixed eosinophilic-neutrophilic inflammation, linking to a more heterogeneous clinical phenotype. However, the relationship between eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation in Chinese patients with CRSwNP remains largely unknown. We aimed to further characterize the correlation between neutrophils with eosinophils in relation to clinical characters and disease control status after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Methods: A total of 242 patients were recruited and stratified based on tissue (≥10%) eosinophilia and (≥20/per high-power field) neutrophilia. Clinical characteristics and disease control status were compared between subgroups. Associations between tissue eosinophils and neutrophils were analyzed. Results: The uncontrolled patients accounted for 41.3%, 41.3%, 17.1%, and 22.2% in subjects with concomitant tissue eosinophilia and neutrophilia (EN-high), isolated eosinophilia (E-high), isolated neutrophilia (N-high), and no eosinophilia and neutrophilia (EN-low), respectively. Positive correlations between tissue eosinophils and neutrophils were observed in patients with CRSwNP as well as in EN-high and N-high subgroups but not in E-high and EN-low subgroups. The EN-high subgroup had higher tissue eosinophil numbers than the other three subgroups. Both EN-high and E-high subgroups had higher rates of uncontrolled subjects than the N-high and EN-low subgroups; however, there was no difference in the rate of uncontrolled subjects between EN-high and E-high subgroups and between N-high and EN-low subgroups. Conclusion: Tissue neutrophils might have a potential interaction and mutual promotion effect with eosinophils in CRSwNP. However, tissue neutrophilia would not pose significant risk for poor disease control after ESS. Further larger, prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Ethics on Compulsion of Vaccinations in the Age of COVID-19
Authors: Rashi Tsuriel
Published: February 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic broke out at the end of 2019 and throughout 2020 there were intensive international efforts to find a vaccine for the disease, which has already led to the deaths of a few million people. In December 2020, several pharmaceutical companies announced that they had succeeded in producing effective vaccines and after approval by the various regulatory bodies, countries started to vaccinate their citizens. With the start of the global campaign to vaccinate the world’s population against COVID-19, there was a strong renewal of the debate about the possibility of enforcing vaccination, either directly or indirectly, in particular on account of the rapid spread of the pandemic. This article presents the stand that Jewish ethics takes on this issue. According to the norms of Jewish ethics, a moral person has an obligation toward his fellows and G-d to be vaccinated. Notwithstanding the importance of vaccination, Jewish ethics does not allow direct coercion but recognizes that someone who does not get vaccinated presents a danger to the public and so can be prevented from circulating freely. Thus, Jewish ethics permits indirect compulsion by keeping children and adults who are not vaccinated away from educational institutions and public places, respectively. Only occasionally and in special circumstances would it be permitted to resort to shaming of a person who refuses to be vaccinated and only if he/she is deemed a particular danger to the public health.
Synergistic Toxicities from Multiple Therapies for Synchronous Malignancies
Authors: Patel Shiven B. , Butler Katerina , Esther John , Tuan Jenny
Published: February 2023

Patients may present with multiple malignancies in the setting of particular environmental and occupational exposures. These patients often require combination systemic therapy, which has not yet been studied for concurrent use. While toxicities for specific chemotherapies and immunotherapies may be well known, the possibility of exaggerated toxicity due to combination therapy exists and is understudied. Several trials are underway that may shed further light on how combination therapies affect patient toxicity. This case report outlines the unfortunate development of severe edema and rash, refractory to traditional methods of management, from combining immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
High Expression of CD300A Predicts Poor Survival in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Zhuang Haihui , Li Fenglin , Si Ting , Pei Renzhi , Yu Mengxia , Chen Dong , Ye PeiPei , Lu Ying
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Recent studies have suggested that CD300A was an oncogene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) development. However, the clinical relevance and biological insight into CD300A expression in AML are still not well understood. The present study aimed to examine the expression characteristics of CD300A in AML and confirmed its clinical significance for AML. Methods: Quantification of the CD300A transcript was performed in 119 AML patients by real-time quantitative PCR in bone marrow blasts. The predictive significance of CD300A expression on the clinical outcomes of AML was assessed using overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). The published Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data were used as an external validation for survival analysis and pathway analyses. Results: In comparison with monocytes from healthy peripheral blood cells, the expression levels of CD300A in AML cells were higher. Patients in the intermediate and adverse risk categories by WHO criteria (2018) had higher CD300A expression levels than those in the favorable risk category (p < 0.001). AML patients with high expression of CD300A had a higher early death rate (p = 0.029), lower complete remission rate (p = 0.042), higher death rate (p < 0.001) and relapse rate (p = 0.002), and shorter OS (p < 0.0001) and RFS (p < 0.0001). Through multivariable analysis, high CD300A expression in AML was also an independent poor prognostic factor. The CAMP and CGMP-PKG signaling pathways may be stimulated by increased CD300A expression levels, which may be important for the development of AML. Conclusions: The expression levels of CD300A were associated with risk stratification and the clinical relevance of AML. High CD300A expression may act as an independent adverse prognostic factor for OS and RFS in AML.
Peripher ulzerative Keratitis – eine interdisziplinäre Herausforderung
Authors: Linke Stephan J.
Published: February 2023

Purpose: of review: To discuss peripheral ulcerative keratitis, with a focus on the evaluation and management of associated systemic diseases. Recent findings: Peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK) is a sight-threatening condition that is often defined by the presence of a crescent-shaped area of peripheral corneal thinning, an epithelial defect, and an inflammatory corneal infiltrate. It is highly associated with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic necrotizing vasculitides like granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and collagen vascular diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus. Undertreated PUK carries a risk of vision loss and premature death. Summary: Multidisciplinary collaboration between the ophthalmologist, rheumatologist, and other consultants is required. Early and aggressive steroid-sparing therapy should be considered in cases due to noninfectious systemic disease.
Associations with Non-Persistence with Intra-Vitreal Therapy for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration at 24 Months
Authors: Relton Samuel D , Chi Gloria C , Lotery Andrew J , West Robert M , McKibbin Martin ,   Real-world AMD treatment outcomes EMR User Group
Published: February 2023

Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate non-persistence with treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NvAMD) before day 720 (24 months) after initiation, explore associations with baseline characteristics and variation between sites. Methods: Anonymised demographic and clinical data were extracted from electronic medical records at treating National Health Service (NHS) Trusts for NvAMD eyes starting intra-vitreal therapy from 2017 to 2018. Time to non-persistence with treatment, defined as no recorded attendance for either monitoring or treatment for a period ≥6 months, was visualised with a Kaplan-Meier survival plot. Associations with treatment non-persistence were investigated using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Analysis included 7,970 eyes of 7,112 patients treated at 13 NHS trusts. Censoring deaths and those eyes in which treatment was stopped permanently, the Kaplan-Meier analyses demonstrated survival figures of 77.7% for persistence with treatment to day 360 and 71.8% to day 720. Hazard ratios for non-persistence with treatment were reduced at 10 sites, relative to the reference, with first-treated eye status and with baseline acuity worse than or equal to LogMAR 1.0. Hazard ratios increased with younger age, in the presence of other ocular co-morbidities and with baseline acuity better than or equal to LogMAR 0.5. After an episode of non-persistence, visual acuity decreased by at least 0.1 and 0.3 LogMAR in 39% and 18% of eyes, respectively. Conclusions: Non-persistence with treatment was common, especially in the first year of treatment, and was often associated with a decrease in visual acuity. Treatment site, baseline visual acuity, and age were the strongest predictors of treatment non-persistence before day 720. Understanding and addressing reasons for non-persistence are important to ensure that effective but expensive treatments are used cost-effectively and to maintain acuity. Variation in non-persistence between sites, even after adjustment for other variables, suggests that local factors in treatment provision may be particularly important.