bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The complex gaseous and stellar environments of the nearby dual active galactic nucleus Mrk 739 as unveiled by optical VLT/MUSE observations
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Astrofísica, Tubín Arenas Dusán Mile
Published: March 2023

Dual active galactic nuclei (Dual AGN) represent a critical stage in a major galaxy merger (M/m <3), where both supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are rapidly accreting. Studying these systems can yield valuable insights into the physical processes that affect galaxy evolution, both in terms of nuclear activity and galactic collisions. In this context, we present integral field spectroscopic (IFS) observations of the nearby (z∼0.03) dual AGN Mrk 739, whose projected nuclear separation is∼3.4 kpc, obtained with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) at the Very Large Telescope (VLT). We find that the galaxy has an extended AGN-ionized emission-line region extending up to ∼20 kpc away from the nuclei, while star-forming regions are more centrally concentrated within 2-3 kpc. We model the kinematics of the ionized gas surrounding the eastern nucleus using a circular disk profile, resulting in a peak velocity of 237+26−28km s−1at a distance of ∼1.2 kpc. The enclosed dynamical mass within 1.2 kpc is log M(M) = 10.20±0.06, ∼1,000 times larger than the estimated supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass of Mrk739E. The morphology and dynamics of the dual AGN Mrk 739 are consistent with an early stage of the collision, where the foreground galaxy (Mrk 739W) is a young star-forming galaxy in an ongoing first passage with its background companion (Mrk739E). Since Mrk 739W’s AGN does not show evidence of being actively accreting as its companion, we claim that the gas of the northern spiral arms of Mrk 739W are cross-ionized by the nuclear activity of Mrk 739E. The subsequent MUSE Narrow Field Mode (NFM) analysis reveals an unprecedented spatial resolution for Mrk 739E, where star-forming clumps, traced by Hα emission, form a ring-like structure inside a rotating disk. These star-forming clouds are surrounding an active SMBH at the center of an elliptical galaxy undergoing a merger process with a young spiral galaxy. Kinematically, we note that the disk is rotating with a velocity of Vmed,rot= 280.5±32.7 km s−1,∼50 km s−1larger than the velocity derived from the WFM analysis. The flux distribution of the NFM data reveal Hα clouds that also belong to Mrk 739W. Based on our schematic representation of the merger process, this emission would be part of the north side of the Mrk 739W’sbar and the beginning of the leading arm that gives origin to the large-scale spiraling crest.
Diseño y validación de un instrumento para medir el monitoreo de la comprensión lectora en estudiantes entre 4° y 6° básico
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Educación, Velásquez Velásquez Nicole Alejandra
Published: March 2023

En el campo de la literacidad intermedia, uno de los desafíos es la promoción de la comprensión lectora más allá de la decodificación y la fluidez. Es por esto que uno de los factores de alto impacto que contribuye con la comprensión lectora es el monitoreo de la comprensión; sin embargo, en español no se cuenta con instrumentos validados en sus puntuaciones para recoger información de estudiantes de educación básica que ya han afianzado sus habilidades de decodificacción. Este proyecto tiene por objetivo dar cuenta del proceso de diseño y validación de un instrumento en español que mide el monitoreo de la comprensión lectora en estudiantes entre 4°y 6° básico. A partir de investigaciones previas (Ammi, 2015; Cain, Oakhill & Bryant, 2004), se construyó una prueba de lápiz y papel para detectar información contradictoria en textos cotidianos y académicos (estrategia off-line). En la aplicación piloto del instrumento participaron 282 estudiantes chilenos, cuyos resultados arrojaron que la consistencia interna del instrumento es buena con un α=.811 para usos investigativos. En cuanto a las propiedades psicométricas de los reactivos, estas dan cuenta de que la prueba requiere ajustes en términos de aumentar la dificultad; sin embargo, logra discriminar adecuadamente, presenta una correlación positiva entre ítems y prueba y los ítems de la prueba no presentan un comportamiento diferencial por sexo. El Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio demuestra que la estructura interna del instrumento se conforma en un solo factor y los análisis de desempeños demuestran que el instrumento capta suficiente variabilidad de los desempeños según nivel educativo, sexo y contexto. Este proyecto de magíster contribuye con un instrumento validado para investigar sobre el monitoreo de la comprensión y aportar así a los estudios sobre literacidad intermedia.
Enfoque para desarrollar argumentación en el aula matemática desde liderazgos intermedios
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Educación, Abarca Moebis María Francisca Javiera
Published: March 2023

El propósito de esta investigación es diseñar una propuesta de acompañamiento con foco en el líder intermedio de matemática, a partir de las necesidades de los docentes de un Servicio Local de Educación, Andalién Sur, que abarca las comunas de Concepción, Chiguayante, Florida y Hualqui, ubicadas en la Región del Biobío. Para ello se indagó en las necesidades de diversos actores del Servicio Local mencionado para posteriormente y junto con la literatura revisada, diseñar una propuesta basada en cinco pilares: Liderazgos intermedios, comunidades profesionales de aprendizaje, Design thinking, noticing y argumentación. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la necesidad de reformular y fortalecer los procesos de acompañamiento docente, mediante la colaboración entre pares y la distribución del liderazgo, que permita la creación de líderes intermedios capacitados y centrados en mejorar los resultados de aprendizaje de los estudiantes.
Diseño de estrategias para el desarrollo vertical en el liderazgo organizacional efectivo
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Psicología, Padilla Ramírez Stefanía Hortensia
Published: March 2023

En un contexto de alto cambio, complejidad e incertidumbre se requieren capacidades de liderazgo diferentes a las que han predominado hasta ahora. Se necesitan formas más complejas de pensar y actuar, para influir y movilizar a la organización en la dirección de sus objetivos, adaptarse a los cambios y lograr los resultados que busca. Esta Actividad de Graduación explora la relación entre el liderazgo y la necesidad de desarrollar capacidades de pensamiento complejo, para incrementar la efectividad de los líderes a nivel organizacional, sobre este tema se profundiza en el marco teórico. En el apartado metodológico se explica cómo este trabajo fue producto de una revisión bibliográfica de artículos científicos sobre temas de liderazgo organizacional, desarrollo vertical y conceptos relacionados, desarrollo de líderes y liderazgo efectivo. Además, se levantó información desde entrevistas a distintos expertos, en el contexto chileno, sobre el área de gestión de personas, capacitación y académicos en el área. Finalmente, se propone un taller con el objetivo de concientizar sobre la relevancia del desarrollo mental en los líderes para un liderazgo organizacional efectivo.
Estudio teórico de carbenoides metálicos y sus reacciones de inserción en enlaces N-H Y O-H
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Química, Durán Guajardo Rocío Belén
Published: March 2023

Debido a los desafíos que presenta la construcción de enlaces C-X (X: heteroátomo), especialmente en la síntesis de productos de interés industrial, se han propuesto estrategias a esta problemática como la reacción de inserción de carbenoides metálicos en enlaces X-H. En el presente trabajo de tesis, se estudió a nivel teórico, el mecanismo de reacción de inserción del carbenoide de cobre en enlaces X-H (X: N, O), ya que esta reacción proporciona procesos directos y eficientes hacia la formación de enlaces carbono-X y, además, corresponde a un método atractivo, ya que la activación X-H inducida por el metal no interactúa directamente con éste, sino más bien, con el carbono electrofílico del carbenoide. Los resultados indicaron que la reacción ocurre mediante el acercamiento posterior del sustrato (anilina/fenol) siguiendo un mecanismo concertado, el cual presenta tres pasos importantes: (i) proceso sin barrera de energía llevando a un complejo reactante inicial, (ii) transferencia protónica del sustrato al carbenoide, que genera la salida del complejo de cobre (paso elemental) y (iii) ruptura de interacciones no covalentes entre el producto de inserción y el complejo de cobre. La inserción en el enlace O-H es favorecida tanto desde el punto de vista cinético como termodinámico con respecto al enlace N-H, donde la enantioselectividad de la inserción está dada por el ligando PhBOX mediante repulsiones estéricas, favoreciendo la formación del enantiómero R como producto de inserción. Para el paso elemental de la reacción, se utilizaron los modelos de fuerza de reacción (F(⇠)) y de activación y distorsión (ASM), encontrándose que la energía de activación para ambas reacciones es dominada por repulsiones estéricas entre el ligando y el sustrato utilizado. La fuerza de reacción indica que una gran contribución de la barrera energética en N-H es producto de la mayor contribución de W2, que impide el proceso de inserción. Adicionalmente, un estudio del efecto del sustituyente fue hecho para la reacción en el enlace O-H, modificando la estructura del carbenoide y del sustrato fenólico, de modo que, se favorece la cinética cuando se utilizan sustituyentes atractores de electrones en la posición orto o para al OH del fenol.
An Empirical Study on Machine Learning for Enterprise Cloud Computing Service Management
Authors: Liu Ningbo
Published: March 2023

A machine learning method is proposed to aim at the problems of large data processing, complex data, and limited system resources in cloud computing service management. First, multi-department analysis is carried out on cloud service management data, and relevant management data is standardized to form a standardized management data collection; Machine learning is used to classify, mine, and extract service management data, and corresponding management measures are taken promptly to improve the management level of cloud computing services. MATLAB simulation shows that machine learning can improve the level of cloud computing service management, simplify the process of cloud computing service management, shorten the management time of cloud computing services, and meet the actual needs of service management.
Effects of Tied Ridges and Drought Tolerant Maize and Legume Varieties on Maize Yields in Semi Arid Areas of Northern Tanzania
Authors: Massawe Prosper I. , Xavery Peter , Nyoki Daniel
Published: March 2023

This paper is based on research findings and field experience of maize and legume crops using integrated technologies in Mwanga and Same Districts, Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania. Field experiments were conducted over the period of two years (2013-2014) to investigate the effects of tied ridges, drought tolerant maize and legumes on maize grain yield. The experiment was arranged in randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The data collected included maize plant height, biomass yield and grain yields. The data were coded into different variables and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the STATISTICA computer package and the treatments mean separation test were done using Fischer Least Significance Difference (LSD).

Results obtained from both Same and Mwanga Districts showed that tied ridges and cropping systems had significant (P ≤ 0.001) effect on maize plant height, biomass and grain yield in both cropping seasons. Further, the results showed significant interactive (P ≤ 0.05) effect between tied ridges and cropping systems on maize plant height and biomass yield for Mwanga and Same Districts in both seasons although no significant interactive effects observed for maize grain yield. The results further showed that maize yields increased from 0.65 to 1.26 t ha-1 and 0.4 to 1.5 t ha-1 for Mwanga and Same Districts, respectively.

On average, the highest yield increment of more than 60% due to tied ridges and drought tolerant maize and legume varieties were obtained from the two districts in both seasons over the control.  Therefore, use of tie ridges, drought tolerant maize varieties and legumes as a package has significant effect on maize grain yield in semi arid areas of northern Tanzania and can be extrapolated to other areas with similar climatic conditions.
Attributes and Ecological Potentials of Dumpsite Flora in the Peri-urban Area of Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Olubode O. S. , Ibrahim B. A.
Published: March 2023

Dumpsites are spaces used disposal of urban and peri-urban wastes. Their public health concern has not made them to be adequately explored for positive potentials in Nigeria. This study investigated the the floristic structure and comparative potential of a dumpsite with arable farms for conservation and phytoremediation. The study was conducted at a 10-hectare peri-urban Lapite dumpsite (N 07o34.121ʹ, E 003o54.857ʹ) in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; and three arable farmlands (Control) located 200 m-300 m away from Dumpsite. Stratified sampling was conducted using 414 quadrats (each 1m2) in five strata of dumpsite, and a systematic sampling of flora of farms with 263 quaddrats in 21 transects laid 5 m apart. Data were collected on species composition, abundance,density and frequency of occurence. They were subjected to analysis of Relative importance value (RIV), density, and multivariate analysis. Species with phytoremediation potentials were identified. Ninety one species of herbaceous flora in 33 families and 99 species in 38 families were enumerated on the dumpsite and farmlands respectively. Solanum nigrum L., Tridax procumbens Linn., Amaranthus spinosus Linn., Laportea aestuans (Linn.) Chew., Acalypha fimbriata Schum. & Thonn., and Lufa cylindrica Mill were the most dominant species on the dumpsite with RIVs of 8.40, 8.17, 7.54, 7.21, 6.38 and 5.79 respectively. Talinum fruticosum (L.) Juss., Tridax procumbens L., Euphorbia heterophylla Linn., Spermacoce ocymoides Burm f., and Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray were most dominant on farmlands with RIVs of 13.74, 7.05, 6.60, 6.07, and 5.57 respectively. Dumpsite flora had higher diversity (H`=3.501) than control plots (H`=3.294). The dominance value (0.0486) was low compared to the control farms (0.07131). The lora of the two sites were grouped by habitatt preference.Higher species diversity and pervasive presence of invasive Tridax procumbens Linn., Laportea aestuans (Linn.) Chew., and Lufa cylindrica Mill. on dumpsite indicated potentials for phytoremediation, and candidacy as functional groups and bio-indicators of ecosystem health.
Men and Woman as Victims of Patriarchy in Ika Natassa’s Books: Critical Eleven & Divortiare Trilogy
Authors: Rukwanda Yogie
Published: March 2023

In this paper we intend to analyze the victimization of patriarchy toward two genders at the same time, male and female, that previously was only considered as a system that oppresses women due to its characteristics that put men in a more superior position. We analyze the behavior of the main characters from two Ika Natassa’s books Critical Eleven and Divortiare Trilogy that allegedly embody the patriarchal values in their behaviors on a daily basis that later could victimize them in its practice. In analyzing the books, we use the traditional Javanese patriarchy values such as 3M, kanca wingking, and benggol & bonggol. We divide the analysis  into two parts. In the first part, we analyze how patriarchal ideology affects the lives of the two main female characters, Alex and Anya, where they had to keep up with the expectations of becoming the ideal traditional wife and how it put them in hard times. In the next part, we analyze how the patriarchal ideology surprisingly also affects the husbands of the main female characters. The finding shows that patriarchal ideologies surprisingly oppresses not only the wives but the husbands as well.
Making Offline and Online Work Procedures for Vision Glasses Optical Store in Surabaya
Authors: Kuncoro Jacqueline Bernessa
Published: March 2023

Vision Glasses is a Surabaya-based eyewear shop selling high-quality, affordable glasses, lenses, and eyewear accessories. This thesis intends to discuss the existing managerial issue in Vision Glasses, namely work performance. This research employs theory of constraints and the theory of work procedure by Boutros & Purdie. After collecting the data from the owner and employees of Vision Glasses, the writer discovers that Vision Glasses needs to apply a work procedure which contains rules or guidelines such as the policy, customer-service ethics, and division instructions for the employees and as a guideline for the company to discipline the employees or deal with internal conflict.
Bringing Happiness into Family Circles in McDonald’s Advertisements
Authors: Angela Stella , Gunawan Samuel
Published: March 2023

This study was conducted to analyze verbal and visual expressions used in McDonald’s video advertisements. In the video advertisement, the writer focuses on how family circles create the idea of happiness through verbal and visual expressions. The writer observed using the multimodality theory by Paltridge (2012) and Gee (2004). The writer used the qualitative content approach in this study. The finding of this study shows that “Togetherness” is the main key to creating the idea of happiness in family circles from  McDonald’s advertisements. More studies involving other themes and semiotic elements are recommended for further study. The result of this study will show how verbal expressions will reveal the idea of happines by stating all the keywords. At the same time, visual expressions will reveal how the idea of happiness can be seen with the help of some elements like colour scheme, clothes, place, expressions, and gestures.
Yabancı Dil Olarak Türkçe Öğretiminde Dilbilimsel Artıklık ve Uzatıma İlişkin Öğrenicilerin Farkındalık Düzeyleri
Authors: DEMİR Seda , OKUR Alpaslan
Published: March 2023

Çalışma, dilbilimsel uzatımın Türkçenin yabancı dil olarak öğrenenlerin günlük ifadelerinde üretici dil becerileri kullanımında ne şekillerde çıktığını incelemektedir. Pleonasm terimi, 'söz uzatımı, dilbilimsel artıklık ve uzatım, dilsel fazlalık’ gibi ifadelerle, ancak özellikle Batı dilbiliminde bir hipernim olarak çoğunlukla dilsel fazlalık olarak tanımlanır. Araştırma nitel araştırma deseninde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Çalışma grubu B1 düzeyinde Türkçe öğrenen 12 yabancı uyruklu öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Veriler araştırmacının kendisi tarafından geliştirilen ve bir üçgenleme oluşturan konuya ilişkin bir yazılı uygulama, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme ve gözlem formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Çalışmada bulgularda da ifade edildiği gibi biçimbilgisel fazlalık alanında, artzamanlılık ve bir arada bulunma örneklerine ilişkin olarak farklı şekillerde dilbilimsel fazlalık ve uzatım örnekleri tespit edilmiştir. Sözdizimsel uzatım örnekleri ise çoğunlukla bir kelimenin cümledeki anlamının kipteki anlam veya fiil çekimiyle ifade edilen anlamla aynı olduğu durumlarda gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca sözdizimsel uzatımın biçimbilgisel uzatım örneklerinden daha etkili bir şekilde tespit edilebildiği tespit edilmiştir.
Association of Healthful Plant-based Diet Adherence With Risk of Mortality and Major Chronic Diseases Among Adults in the UK
Authors: Thompson Alysha S. , Tresserra-Rimbau Anna , Karavasiloglou Nena , Jennings Amy , Cantwell Marie , Hill Claire , Perez-Cornago Aurora , Bondonno Nicola P. , Murphy Neil , Rohrmann Sabine , Cassidy Aedín , Kühn Tilman
Published: March 2023

Importance

Plant-based diets have gained popularity for both environmental and health reasons, but a comprehensive assessment of their quality in relation to risk of mortality and major chronic diseases is lacking.

Objective

To examine whether healthful vs unhealthful plant-based dietary patterns are associated with mortality and major chronic diseases among UK adults.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective cohort study used data from adults in the UK Biobank, a large-scale population-based study. Participants were recruited between 2006 and 2010 and followed up using record linkage data until 2021; follow-up for different outcomes ranged between 10.6 and 12.2 years. Data analysis was conducted from November 2021 to October 2022.

Exposures

Adherence to a healthful vs unhealthful plant-based diet index (hPDI vs uPDI) derived from 24-hour dietary assessments.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of mortality (overall and cause specific), cardiovascular disease (CVD [total, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke]), cancer (total, breast, prostate, and colorectal), and fracture (total, vertebrae, and hip) across quartiles of hPDI and uPDI adherence.

Results

This study included 126 394 UK Biobank participants. They had a mean (SD) age of 56.1 (7.8) years; 70 618 (55.9%) were women. The majority of participants (115 371 [91.3%]) were White. Greater adherence to the hPDI was associated with lower risks of total mortality, cancer, and CVD, with HRs (95% CIs) of 0.84 (0.78-0.91), 0.93 (0.88-0.99), and 0.92 (0.86-0.99), respectively, for participants in the highest hPDI quartile compared with the lowest. The hPDI was also associated with lower risks of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke, with HRs (95% CIs) of 0.86 (0.78-0.95) and 0.84 (0.71-0.99), respectively. By contrast, higher uPDI scores were associated with higher risks of mortality, CVD, and cancer. The associations observed did not show heterogeneity across strata of sex, smoking status, body mass index, or socioeconomic status or with polygenic risk scores (specifically with regard to CVD end points).

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this cohort study of middle-aged UK adults suggest that a diet characterized by high-quality plant-based foods and lower intakes of animal products may be beneficial for health, irrespective of established chronic disease risk factors and genetic predisposition.
Use of a Deep-Learning Algorithm to Guide Novices in Performing Focused Assessment With Sonography in Trauma
Authors: Chiu I-Min , Lin Chun-Hung Richard , Yau Fei-Fei Flora , Cheng Fu-Jen , Pan Hsiu-Yung , Lin Xin-Hong , Cheng Chi-Yung
Published: March 2023

This quality improvement study compares the diagnostic quality and completion time between ultrasonography operators guided by artificial intelligence vs those without such assistance.
Model predictive control of agro‐hydrological systems based on a two‐layer neural network modeling framework
Authors: Huang Zhiyinan , Liu Jinfeng , Huang Biao
Published: March 2023

Water scarcity is an urgent issue to be resolved and improving irrigation water‐use efficiency through closed‐loop control is essential. The complex agro‐hydrological system dynamics, however, often pose challenges in closed‐loop control applications. In this work, we propose a two‐layer neural network (NN) framework to approximate the dynamics of the agro‐hydrological system. To minimize the prediction error, a linear bias correction is added to the proposed model. The model is employed by a model predictive controller with zone tracking (ZMPC), which aims to keep the root zone soil moisture in the target zone while minimizing the total amount of irrigation. The performance of the proposed approximation model framework is shown to be better compared to a benchmark long‐short‐term‐memory model for both open‐loop and closed‐loop applications. Significant computational cost reduction of the ZMPC is achieved with the proposed framework. To handle the tracking offset caused by the plant‐model‐mismatch of the proposed NN framework, a shrinking target zone is proposed for the ZMPC. Different hyper‐parameters of the shrinking zone in the presence of noise and weather disturbances are investigated, of which the control performance is compared to a ZMPC with a time‐invariant target zone.
Over 17.4% Efficiency of Layer‐by‐Layer All‐Polymer Solar Cells by Improving Exciton Utilization in Acceptor Layer
Authors: Xu Wenjing , Zhang Miao , Ma Xiaoling , Zhu Xixiang , Jeong Sang Young , Woo Han Young , Zhang Jian , Du Wenna , Wang Jian , Liu Xinfeng , Zhang Fujun
Published: March 2023

Layer‐by‐layer all‐polymer solar cells (LbL all‐PSCs) are prepared with PM6 and PY‐IT by using sequential spin coating method. The exciton dissociation efficiency in acceptor layer near electrode is rather low due to the limited exciton diffuse distance and impossible energy transfer from narrow bandgap acceptor to wide bandgap donor. In this study, less PM6 is incorporated into PY‐IT layer to enhance exciton dissociation in PY‐IT layer near electrode. A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.45% is achieved in the LbL all‐PSCs incorporating 10 wt% PM6 into PY‐IT layer, which is much larger than 16.04% PCE of PM6/PY‐IT‐based LbL all‐PSCs. Over 8% PCE enhancement can be realized by incorporating 10 wt% PM6 into PY‐IT layer, which is attributed to the enhanced exciton utilization efficiency in PY‐IT layers near electrode. The enhanced exciton utilization efficiency in PY‐IT layer can be confirmed from the quenched photoluminescence (PL) emission in PY‐IT:PM6 films. Meanwhile, charge transport in acceptor layers can be optimized by incorporating less PM6, as confirmed from the optimized molecular arrangement. This study indicates that the strategy of incorporating less donor into acceptor layer has great potential in fabricating efficient LbL all‐PSCs by improving exciton utilization efficiency in acceptor layer near electrode.
Accurately Detecting Trace‐Level Infectious Agents by an Electro‐Enhanced Graphene Transistor
Authors: Dai Changhao , Yang Yi , Xiong Huiwen , Wang Xuejun , Gou Jian , Li Pintao , Wu Yungen , Chen Yiheng , Kong Derong , Yang Yuetong , Ji Daizong , Kong Jilie , Wee Andrew Thye Shen , Liu Yunqi , Guo Mingquan , Wei Dacheng
Published: March 2023

For epidemic prevention and control, molecular diagnostic techniques such as field‐effect transistor (FET) biosensors is developed for rapid screening of infectious agents, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, SARS‐CoV‐2, rhinovirus, and others. They obtain results within a few minutes but exhibit diminished sensitivity (<75%) in unprocessed biological samples due to insufficient recognition of low‐abundance analytes. Here, an electro‐enhanced strategy is developed for the precise detection of trace‐level infectious agents by liquid‐gate graphene field‐effect transistors (LG‐GFETs). The applied gate bias preconcentrates analytes electrostatically at the sensing interface, contributing to a 10‐fold signal enhancement and a limit of detection down to 5 × 10−16 g mL−1 MPT64 protein in serum. Of 402 participants, sensitivity in tuberculosis, COVID‐19 and human rhinovirus assays reached 97.3% (181 of 186), and specificity is 98.6% (213 of 216) with a response time of <60 s. This study solves a long‐standing dilemma that response speed and result accuracy of molecular diagnostics undergo trade‐offs in unprocessed biological samples, holding unique promise in high‐quality and population‐wide screening of infectious diseases.
Electrical Stimulation Promotes the Vascularization and Functionalization of an Engineered Biomimetic Human Cardiac Tissue
Authors: Lu Bingchuan , Ye Min , Xia Jingjing , Zhang Zhenrui , Xiong Zhuo , Zhang Ting
Published: March 2023

The formation of multiscale vascular networks is essential for the in vitro construction of large‐scale biomimetic cardiac tissues/organs. Although a variety of bioprinting processes have been developed to achieve the construction of mesoscale and large‐scale blood vessels, the formation of microvascular networks still mainly depends on the self‐assembly behavior of endothelial cells (ECs), which is inefficient and demanding without appropriate stimulus. To address this problem, the elongation and connection of endothelial cells in engineered cardiac tissue (ECT) are sought to promote by electrical stimulation (ES) to achieve vascularization. As proof of the concept, bio‐inks are composed of GelMA/fibrin hydrogel, human pluripotent stem cells induced cardiomyocytes (iPSC‐CM), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) are used for the bioprinting of ECTs. It is demonstrated that electrical stimulation significantly promotes the elongation, migration, and interconnection of HUVECs in ECT and increases the expression of related genes. Moreover, ES also enhances the secretion of signal factors interacting between CMs and HUVECs. It seems that the HUVECs further strengthen the contractility of cardiac tissue. Taken together, electrical stimulation promotes vascularization and CMs functionalization in ECT, which has important application potential in the fabrication of vascularized ECT and its clinical transplantation.
Factors contributing to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and fat deposition after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Izumi Hideki , Yoshii Hisamichi , Fujino Rika , Takeo Shigeya , Nomura Eiji , Mukai Masaya , Makuuchi Hiroyasu
Published: March 2023

Aim

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can occur due to various reasons after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). This study examined the risk and perioperative determinants of NAFLD and fat deposition after PD.

Methods

A total of 101 patients who had undergone computed tomography 6 months after PD were included. We compared perioperative factors between patients who developed NAFLD and those who developed fatty deposits after PD.

Results

In the NAFLD group, pancreatic cancer was significantly more prevalent among patients who developed postoperative NAFLD (p = 0.024) and had a lower postoperative body mass index (BMI; p = 0.008). Multivariate analysis revealed that pancreatic carcinoma (hazard ratio [HR] 4.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.118–17.442, p = 0.034) and lower postoperative BMI (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.274–0.954, p = 0.0355) were risk factors for fatty liver. Pancreatic leakage (p = 0.024) and postoperative BMI (p = 0.002) were significantly lower in the fat deposition group than those in the NAFLD group. Multivariate analysis also revealed that a lower postoperative BMI was a risk factor for fat deposition (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.523–0.982, p = 0.042). Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed that the fat deposition group had significantly lower pancreatic leakage than the NAFLD group (HR 7.944, 95% CI 1.993–63.562, p = 0.049).

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest that postoperative BMI and pancreatic cancer are associated with a higher risk of NAFLD after PD, possibly because of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and impaired fat absorption.
Engineering Magnetism and Superconductivity in van der Waals Materials via Organic‐Ion Intercalation
Authors: Pereira Jose M. , Tezze Daniel , Ormaza Maider , Hueso Luis E. , Gobbi Marco
Published: March 2023

Intercalation is the insertion of guest species between the planes of a host van der Waals layered crystal. The process is accompanied by a significant change of the charge carrier density and by the expansion of the interlayer distance, overall leading to a modification of the electronic band structure of the layered material. This perspective focuses on the possibilities offered by the intercalation of organic ions toward finely tuning the physical properties of van der Waals materials, in particular their magnetism and superconductivity. How the intercalation of organic ions offers several advantages over conventional guest species such as alkali metals is highlighted, since a careful choice of the molecular intercalant opens the possibility to tailor the interlayer distance and the charge carrier density. Moreover, specific properties of the molecular guest can be transferred to the host material, as recently demonstrated by the intercalation of thermo‐responsive and chiral molecules. It is anticipated that other functional organic ions can be incorporated in van der Waals materials to provide additional optical and magnetic capabilities, with the potential to enable an optical control of magnetism and superconductivity.
Solution‐Processed Synthesis of Nano‐Sized Argyrodite Solid Electrolytes with Cavitation Effect for High Performance All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Huh Youngjun , Gon Lee Hae , Cho Chang‐Min , Park Jun‐Woo , Gon Kim Byung , Lee You‐Jin , Park Heetaek , Ha Yoon‐Cheol , Choi Jeong‐Hee , Yi Jeongdoo , Lee Sang‐Min , In Lee Je , Park Jun‐Ho
Published: March 2023

Invited for this month's cover picture is the group of Dr. Jun‐Ho Park. The cover picture shows a particle size reduction process of Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte with a cavitation bubbling effect during a novel solution‐processed synthesis. By reducing the particle size of the solid electrolyte, it is possible to increase the contact area between the two materials and reduce the interfacial resistance between cathode and electrolyte materials. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/batt.202300036.
Unlocking education through relationship building: Identity and agency in English educational institutions during Covid‐19
Authors: Walz Linda , Lyon Charlotte Haines , Bright Graham , Walton Joan , Reid Kalen
Published: March 2023

This paper reports on a longitudinal study in the North of England with 13 educators in schools, colleges and universities during two lockdowns. The project was designed to ‘unlock’ education by providing spaces to co‐create new ways of thinking about education in light of the Covid‐19 pandemic. Focus groups were conducted with school and college teachers as well as university staff at the end of the first and second English lockdowns, in summer 2020 and spring 2021. An initial analysis identified issues with expectations and communication between educators and executive management as well as a lack of agency of educators, and how participants framed them as impacting on their identity as educators. Therefore, the framework oftactics of intersubjectivitywas adopted to explore how educators discursively positioned themselves and others through constructions of similarity and difference, realness and power, and how their professional identities were affected by the experience of working through the pandemic and by those around them. Whilst educators took opportunities toauthenticatetheir identity and reimagine education, their agency was undermined by top‐down governing involving little successful communication, leading todenaturalisingandillegitimisingexperiences for educators. Executive management were perceived as lacking engagement with staff and understanding of the implications of their decisions on them. The findings call for relationship building and recognition of educators' voice.
A type III continuous trauma perspective on the effects of increased ongoing hostility, discrimination, community violence and poverty on refugees' mental health and cognitive functioning: A longitudinal study
Authors: Kira Ibrahim A. , Alpay Emre Han , Shuwiekh Hanaa A. M. , Türkeli Aras
Published: March 2023

Hostilities and discrimination against refugees are continuous traumatic stressors (type III trauma) different from single past trauma. The goal was to measure their potential effects longitudinally. Recruiting 190 Syrian refugees in Turkey, we measured, two times, depression, complex PTSD, PTSD, anxiety, executive function, cumulative stressors, resilience, identity salience and the will to exist, live, survive and fight (WTELS‐F). We measured changes between times one and two. Using the structural equation, we tested two models. The first included latent variables ‘changes between times 1 and 2 in discrimination, community violence, and poverty (DCVP)’, ‘mental health,’ and ‘executive function deficits’. The second included identity salience, WTELS‐F, PTG and resilience. Results indicated that the increase in DCVP led to a significant increase in mental health symptoms and cognitive deficits. There was a parallel increase in WTELS‐F and PTG. Identity salience seems to lead to this increase in WTELS‐F and PTG. We examined the clinical and conceptual significance of the results. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Anti‐Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects of Standardized Fractions in Herniarin and Daphnoretin from Distictis buccinatoria
Authors: Liliana Porras‐Dávila Sandra , Zamilpa Alejandro , Jiménez‐Ferrer Enrique , Jiménez‐Aparicio Antonio , Alejandra Santillan‐Urquiza Mayra , Díaz‐Patricio Fernanda , Herrera‐Ruiz Maribel
Published: March 2023

Distictis buccinatoria is used for inflammatory‐related diseases. From a dichloromethane extract were obtained five different fractions called F1 to F5, and sub‐fractions F4‐1, F5‐1, F5‐2, and F5‐3; and were evaluated as anti‐neuroinflammatory, antioxidant, and nootropic agents in mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide. Also, were isolated herniarin, daphnoretin, and fraction's terpenes with an anti‐inflammatory activity using 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate‐induced auricular edema. The inhibition of local edema was: F1 (73.6 %), F2 (57 %), F3 (62.61 %), F4 (87.3 %), and F5 (93.57 %). Terpene fraction inhibited at 89.60 %, herniarin at 86.92 % (Emax 99.01 %, ED50 0.35 mg ear−1), and daphnoretin at 86.41 %. Fractions F4‐1 and F5‐2 (10 mg kg−1) enhancer spatial memory acquisition and spontaneous motor activity; reduced IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and IL‐6; increased IL‐10, enhanced the activity of CAT and GR. D. buccinatoria has neuroprotective activity and contains daphnoretin and herniarin, with anti‐inflammatory activity.
Floral Phytochemistry: Impact of Volatile Organic Compounds and Nectar Secondary Metabolites on Pollinator Behavior and Health
Authors: Slavković Filip , Bendahmane Abdelhafid
Published: March 2023

Plants produce a plethora of phytochemicals including sugars, amino acids (AAs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and secondary metabolites (SMs) with different ecological functions. To attract pollinators and defenders and ensure reproductive success, plants mainly rely on VOCs, while to reward insects, plants synthesize nectar rich in sugars and AAs. Furthermore, plant SMs can play various roles. Some components are able to interact with the nervous system of insects by binding to neuron receptor proteins and thus manipulate pollinator behavior. Others, like alkaloids and phenolics, protect from nectar robbers and enhance memory and foraging efficiency, or, as in the case of flavonoids, exhibit high antioxidant activities supporting pollinator well‐being. This review discusses the impact of VOCs and nectar SMs on insect behavior and pollinator health.
Air in gallbladder: Emphysematous cholecystitis or else?
Authors: Sitaridis Konstantinos , Domi Iliana , Nathanailidou Maria , Chatzigiannis George , Boulas Konstantinos A. , Sourtse Gionous , Hatzigeorgiadis Anestis
Published: March 2023

Gas in gallstones represents a rare but well described radiological finding. Other causes of gas in gallbladder include biliary‐enteric fistula, sphincterotomy, gas forming organisms cholangitis. However, gas in gallbladder raises suspicion of emphysematous cholecystitis which necessitates prompt diagnosis and management due to its rapid clinical course and high mortality rate.
Cranial ultrasonography in diagnosis of infantile cerebral cavernous malformation
Authors: Kaneko Shuya , Ikeno Iku , Wada Hideo
Published: March 2023

The case of an infantile cerebral cavernous malformation detected by transfontanelle cranial ultrasonography. Infantile cerebral cavernous malformations tend to cause more major bleeding compared to those in older groups, so early detection and treatment are crucial. Cranial ultrasonography can contribute to the early diagnosis of infantile cerebral cavernous malformations.
Dynamic Controllability Study of Extractive and Pressure‐Swing Distillations for Tetrahydrofuran/Water Separation
Authors: Mtogo Jonathan Wavomba , Mugo Gladys Wanyaga , Mizsey Péter
Published: March 2023

Controllability features of the extractive distillation process and the pressure‐swing distillation process were studied with dynamic tools and compared in the case study of separation of a mixture of 50 mol % tetrahydrofuran and 50 mol % water. Process simulations with Aspen Plus and Aspen Plus Dynamics were carried out to obtain 99.9 mol % product purity. Control structures for the two distillation techniques were determined. Load rejection studies were completed for ±10 % feed throughput and ±10 % feed composition disturbances, for both processes. The comparison of the dynamic responses, integral absolute errors, and integral square errors shows that the pressure‐swing distillation process has better controllability features than extractive distillation.
Role of renal mass biopsy for diagnosis and management: Review of current trends and future directions
Authors: Choy Bonnie , Nayar Ritu , Lin Xiaoqi
Published: March 2023

The frequency of detection of renal masses has increased over recent decades, causing a concurrent increase in early intervention by surgery. Growing recognition that this approach was contributing to overtreatment led to the broader use of preoperative renal mass biopsy (RMB) by core biopsy and/or fine‐needle aspiration. Because more options for management, such as active surveillance and personalized therapy, are becoming increasingly available, a diagnosis by RMB is becoming a valuable tool for risk stratification and clinical decision making. Guidelines from various professional organizations have outlined situations in which RMB should be used, and it has been shown to be safe and effective. Rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) using touch preparations of core biopsy or fine‐needle aspiration smears provides an immediate assessment of adequacy and appropriate triage. ROSE also ensures sufficient material to perform immunohistochemistry and molecular studies for more accurate characterization of renal masses and personalized treatment. The integral role of cytopathology laboratories in precision medicine can also be successfully used in optimizing the workup of RMB from ROSE to final diagnosis, prognostication, and personalized management of kidney tumors. Herein, the authors review their extensive experience working together with interventional radiology and urology colleagues to use core biopsy and ROSE at the time of RMB for diagnosis and management of these lesions.
Divergent projections from locus coeruleus to the corticobasal ganglia system and ventral tegmental area of the adult male zebra finch
Authors: Alvarado Jonnathan Singh , Hatfield Jordan , Mooney Richard
Published: March 2023

The locus coeruleus (LC) is a small noradrenergic brainstem nucleus that plays a central role in regulating arousal, attention, and performance. In the mammalian brain, individual LC neurons make divergent axonal projections to different brain regions, which are distinguished in part by which noradrenaline (NA) receptor subtypes they express. Here, we sought to determine whether similar organizational features characterize LC projections to corticobasal ganglia (CBG) circuitry in the zebra finch song system, with a focus on the basal ganglia nucleus Area X, the thalamic nucleus DLM, as well as the cortical nuclei HVC, LMAN, and RA. Single and dual retrograde tracer injections reveal that single LC–NA neurons make divergent projections to LMAN and Area X, as well as to the dopaminergic VTA/SNc complex that innervates this CBG circuit. Moreover, in situ hybridization revealed that differential expression of mRNA encoding α2A and α2C adrenoreceptors distinguishes LC‐recipient CBG song nuclei. Therefore, LC–NA signaling in the zebra finch CBG circuit employs a similar strategy as in mammals, which could allow a relatively small number of LC neurons to exert widespread yet distinct effects across multiple brain regions.
Conjugated supercapacitor with suppressed self‐discharge constructed by pairs of prelithiated Nb2O5@C with optimized elemental and phase purity in the carbon shell
Authors: Yan Xiaohui , Guo Qihui , Huang Wenxia , Xiong Yige , Jing Siqi , Zhang Xin , Huang Fengyu , Ge Xiang
Published: March 2023

The realization of carbon neutralization requires further development of high‐performance supercapacitors, while their wider applications are limited by serious self‐discharge. This work proposes a conjugately configured supercapacitor, as well as the strategy for optimizing the structure of active materials specifically for such supercapacitor. The conjugated supercapacitor consists of pairs of prelithiated T‐Nb2O5@C and forms a LixNb2O5@C versus Li2−xNb2O5@C configuration. We demonstrate that the elegant control of the coated carbon shell has a significant effect on the self‐discharge behavior. An optimized annealing temperature of 300°C is beneficial for reducing the elemental impurity while not introducing microregional phase impurity, thus leading the best resistance towards self‐discharge. When the conjugated supercapacitor is charged to an initial voltage of 1.0 V, the voltage could retain for more than 3000 min before dropping to 0.5 V. This work is expected to provide general guidance for optimizing the active materials for conjugated supercapacitors.
Research Ethics during Pandemics: How IRBs Can Prepare
Authors: Appel Jacob M. , Wilets Ilene
Published: March 2023

The Covid‐19 pandemic has raised a range of complex challenges for the research community in the United States. This essay uses Covid‐19 as a model pandemic illness to consider two such issues that have yet to be fully explored in the ethics literature: first, whether the informed consent process should include a discussion of pandemic risks and, if so, how precisely these risks should be conveyed to potential research participants and, second, whether and under what circumstances vaccination status should be taken into consideration when enrolling subjects in non‐pandemic‐related studies during a pandemic.