bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intra- and Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes of Polyampholytes
Authors: Kudaibergenov Sarkyt , Nuraje Nurxat
Published: September 2018

At present, a large amount of research works from experimental and theoretical points of view have been done on interpolyelectrolyte complexes formed by electrostatic interactions and/or interpolymer complexes stabilized by hydrogen bonds. On the contrary, relatively less attention has been given to polymer-polymer complex formation with synthetic polyampholytes. In this review the complexation of polyampholytes with polyelectrolytes is considered from theoretical and application points of view. Formation of intra- and interpolyelectrolyte complexes of random, regular, block, dendritic polyampholytes are outlined. The separate subchapter is devoted to amphoteric behavior of interpolyelectrolyte complexes. The realization of so-called “isoelectric effect” for interpolyelectrolyte complexes of water-soluble polyampholytes, amphoteric hydrogels and cryogels with respect to surfactants, dye molecules, polyelectrolytes and proteins is demonstrated.
Intervenciones para promover estilos de vida saludables y su efecto en las variables psicológicas en sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama: revisión sistemática
Authors: Quintana López Victor Alexander , Díaz López Karina De Jesús , Caire Juvera Graciela
Published: September 2018

Introducción: las estrategias para mejorar la dieta y actividad física (AF) en estudios de intervención en sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama (CaMa) pueden aumentar la adherencia a estilos de vida saludables y mejorar algunas variables psicológicas como calidad de sueño, calidad de vida y ansiedad.Objetivo: analizar estudios sobre intervenciones en dieta y AF y su efecto en variables psicológicas en sobrevivientes de CaMa, evaluar los resultados obtenidos, metodología y estrategia utilizadas.Metodología: la búsqueda se realizó desde marzo de 2016 hasta diciembre de 2017 en PubMed y Metabuscador Google Schoolar. Se revisó la literatura existente de 2006 a 2017 sobre intervenciones de estilo de vida en sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama y su efecto en variables psicológicas. Se incluyeron publicaciones de acceso libre en inglés y español y se excluyeron aquellos que fueran resúmenes de congresos, de acceso restringido o protocolos de estudios. Para la identificación de artículos se utilizaron las siguientes palabras claves o su combinación: alimentación y cáncer de mama, actividad física y cáncer de mama, ansiedad, depresión, calidad de vida y variables psicológicas. De los artículos seleccionados se llevó a cabo un análisis cualitativo de la metodología utilizada, de la estrategia empleada para promover los cambios y de logros al final del programa.Resultados: se identificaron 16 estudios de intervención; el 100% obtuvo resultados positivos. La práctica de actividad física mejoró la calidad de vida y disminuyó la fatiga, la ansiedad y la depresión. En las intervenciones donde se hicieron cambios saludables en la alimentación, las sobrevivientes mejoraron su calidad de vida y la calidad de sueño y disminuyeron la fatiga y los síntomas depresivos.Conclusiones: son pocas las intervenciones para mejorar dieta y AF que consideran variables psicológicas en sobrevivientes de CaMa; aunque todas han obtenido resultados positivos, no se conoce si estos se mantienen a largo plazo.
Adaptación a la población mexicana del “Cuestionario de hábitos relacionados con el sobrepeso y la obesidad”
Authors: Pardo Merino Antonio , Petrie Carrillo María Angélica , Ríos Pedro García , Jurado Álvarez Berenice , Escalante Lorenzana Ninfa Rocío , Vázquez Barrios Verónica , Ruiz Díaz Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2018

Introducción: el “Cuestionario de hábitos relacionados con el sobrepeso y la obesidad” es un cuestionario creado y validado para la población española que permite describir y cuantificar varias dimensiones relacionadas con el sobrepeso y la obesidad: contenido calórico de la dieta, comer por bienestar psicológico, ejercicio físico, alimentación saludable y consumo de alcohol.Objetivo: adaptar el cuestionario a la población mexicana, analizar sus propiedades psicométricas y compararlas con las de la versión española.Método: se ha administrado el cuestionario original a una muestra de 493 pacientes mexicanos con sobrepeso u obesidad y se han aplicado diferentes herramientas estadísticas (análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, análisis de fiabilidad) para conocer las propiedades psicométricas de la versión mexicana y su grado de parecido con la versión original.Resultados: las dimensiones del cuestionario adaptado a la población mexicana son las mismas que las obtenidas en la población española y sus propiedades psicométricas son muy parecidas a las del cuestionario original.Conclusión: como consecuencia del proceso de adaptación, disponemos de un cuestionario con buenas propiedades psicométricas apropiado para medir los hábitos de vida relacionados con el sobrepeso y la obesidad.
Sobrepeso y obesidad como factores de riesgo de los estados hipertensivos del embarazo: estudio de cohortes retrospectivo
Authors: Fernández Alba Juan Jesús , Mesa Páez Cristina , Vilar Sánchez Ángel , Soto Pazos Estefanía , González Macías María del Carmen , Serrano Negro Estefanía , Paublete Herrera María del Carmen , Moreno Corral Luis Javier
Published: September 2018

Introducción: la obesidad se ha asociado a un riesgo aumentado de padecer preeclampsia e hipertensión arterial gestacional.Objetivos: determinar si el sobrepeso y/o la obesidad materna al inicio de la gestación se asocian a un incremento del riesgo de padecer algún estado hipertensivo del embarazo en una población del sur de España.Métodos: estudio de cohortes retrospectivo. Se estudiaron 4.711 casos en los cuales se había registrado el IMC al inicio de la gestación. Grupos de estudio: a) sobrepeso; y b) obesidad al inicio de la gestación (desglosada por tipo de obesidad). Grupo control: IMC normal al inicio de la gestación. Se calculó el riesgo de presentar estados hipertensivos del embarazo (EHE) en general, hipertensión arterial (HTA) gestacional, preeclampsia, HTA crónica y preeclampsia sobreañadida a HTA crónica.Resultados: el sobrepeso materno se asoció a un incremento del riesgo de padecer algún EHE (OR 2,04, IC 95%: 1,43-2,91) y a un incremento del riesgo de padecer HTA gestacional (OR 1,68, IC 95%: 1,03-2,72) e HTA crónica (OR: 3,70, IC 95%: 1,67-8,18). La obesidad materna se asoció a un incremento de padecer algún EHE (OR 3,54, IC 95% 2,65-4,73), HTA gestacional (OR 2,94, IC 95% 2-4,33), HTA crónica (OR 8,31, IC 95%: 4,23-16,42) y preeclampsia (OR 2,08, IC 95%: 1,12-3,87). En el análisis multivariante (ajustado por la paridad y edad materna), el sobrepeso se asoció a un riesgo aumentado de padecer HTA gestacional (OR:1,74, IC 95%: 1,06-2,85), HTA crónica (OR 3,76, IC 95% 1,69-8,35) y preeclampsia (OR 2,12, IC 95% 1,005-4,48); la obesidad también incrementó el riesgo de HTA gestacional (OR 2,40, IC 95% 1,39-4,13), HTA crónica (OR 17,96, IC 95% 8,78-36,76) y preeclampsia (OR 3,69, IC 95% 1,64-8,27). Conclusiones: el sobrepeso y la obesidad aumentan el riesgo de padecer EHE. El riesgo es signifi cativamente mayor conforme se incrementa el IMC (desde sobrepeso a obesidad grado 3).
Disfagia no orofaríngea con alta frecuentación en Urgencias
Authors: Rebollo Román Ángel , Barrera Martín Ana , Alcántara-Laguna María Dolores , Iglesias-Flores Eva , Cañada-Sanz Ernesto , Padillo-Cuenca José Carlos , Molina-Puertas María José , Calañas-Continente Alfonso
Published: September 2018

Introducción: el trastorno de evitación/restricción de la ingesta alimentaria es una nueva categoría diagnóstica en el espectro de trastornos de la alimentación. Su reciente aparición explica la falta de estudios que evalúen el tratamiento y seguimiento de pacientes con esta patología.Caso clínico: presentamos el caso de un paciente de 20 años con disfagia de tres semanas de evolución y pérdida del 20% de peso, diagnosticado de trastorno de evitación/restricción de la ingesta alimentaria tras descartar organicidad del proceso, con necesidad de nutrición parenteral y enteral como tratamiento nutricional hasta mejoría clínica.Discusión: en este paciente, la desnutrición calórica grave secundaria al trastorno alimentario hizo necesario recurrir al aporte parenteral y enteral hasta la modificación conductual y la reintroducción paulatina de la alimentación por vía oral. La ausencia de tratamiento etiológico hace que la terapia conductual junto con la corrección de los déficits nutricionales sean la base del manejo.
Esofagitis eosinofílica: consideraciones fisiopatológicas y terapéuticas
Authors: Castro Jiménez Araceli , Tenorio Jiménez Carmen , Florido López Fernando
Published: September 2018

Hemos leído con interés el artículo publicado en su revista sobre la ingesta dietética en pacientes con esofagitis eosinofílica, tratada con dieta empírica de seis alimentos. En este trabajo, se objetivan las carencias nutricionales de los pacientes que siguen esta dieta, déficit observable desde su descripción en Estados Unidos hace unos 12 años, por lo que se la considera actualmente contraproducente como terapéutica, así como por su agresividad, al precisar gran número de endoscopias, lo cual la convierte en poco factible en la práctica clínica habitual. Por esta razón, se han diseñado otro tipo de dietas. En contraposición al artículo, la EE es una patología caracterizada por una reacción inmunoalérgica mediada por Th2 (5) en la que el reflujo gastroesofágico no es excluyente, sino que puede coexistir (2) e incluso contribuir a la patogénesis aumentando el daño esofágico y la respuesta inmunoalérgica, sobre todo en sus estadios iniciales (2).
El huevo como fuente de antioxidantes y componentes protectores frente a procesos crónicos
Authors: Aparicio Vizuete Aránzazu , Salas González M.ª Dolores , Cuadrado-Soto Esther , Ortega Anta Rosa M.ª , López-Sobaler Ana M.ª
Published: September 2018

--
Hubungan Antara Persepsi Siswa Tentang Kompetensi Profesional Guru dengan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Khairat Fastabiqul , Handoyo Santoso Sri , Arthur Riyan
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara persepsi siswa tentang kompetensi profesional guru dengan hasil belajar siswa, pada mata pelajaran Paket Keahlian Teknik Gambar Bangunan di SMK Negeri 1 Cikarang Barat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama dua bulan sejak Desember 2017 sampai dengan Januari 2018 yang terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu tahap persiapan, tahap pelaksanaan, tahap pengolahan data, dan tahap kesimpulan.
Jenis penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif asosiatif. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei dengan desain korelasi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa SMK Negeri 1 Cikarang Barat Paket Keahlian Teknik Gambar Bangunan yaitu sebanyak 312 orang siswa. Sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan cluster random sampling, yang akan dilakukan pada siswa kelas XI dan kelas XII yaitu sebanyak 100 orang siswa. Untuk siswa dibagi menjadi 2 kelas yaitu 50 siswa kelas XI dan 50 siswa kelas XII dengan jumlah 100 siswa.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : Nilai koefisien korelasi sebasar 0,58 dengan kategori tingkat hubungan sedang, dan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dari persepsi siswa tentang kompetensi profesional guru dengan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Paket Keahlian Teknik Gambar Bangunan di SMK Negeri 1 Cikarang Barat. Penelitian dibuktikan dengan nilai thitung lebih besar dari ttabel sebesar 7,046 > 1,66 pada taraf signifkan 5% maka H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima.
Pengaruh Gaya Belajar Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Mata Pelajaran Menggambar dengan Perangkat Lunak Kelas XI Teknik Gambar Bangunan di SMK Negeri 6 Bekasi
Authors: Nurachmat Satria , Arthur Riyan , Saleh Rosmawita
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh gaya belajar terhadap prestasi belajar mata pelajaran menggambar dengan perangkat lunak pada materi penggunaan sistem toolbars dalam penggambaran denah siswa kelas XI Teknik Gambar Bangunan di SMK Negeri 6 Bekasi.
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2017. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI Teknik Gambar Bangunan yang berjumlah 50 siswa. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey dengan desain deskriptif korelasional. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes soal uraian, teknik analisis data yang digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis adalah teknik analisis regresi.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan gaya belajar terhadap prestasi belajar mata pelajaran menggambar dengan perangkat lunak siswa kelas XI Teknik Gambar Bangunan di SMK Negeri 6 Bekasi. Persamaan regresi yang diperoleh Fhitung = 7,373 > Ftabel = 0,814 pada taraf signifikan 0,05 (5%). Penggunaan gaya belajar terbimbing memberikan kontribusi terhadap prestasi belajar mata pelajaran menggambar dengan perangkat lunak pada materi penggunaan sistem toolbars dalam penggambaran denah didapatkan rata-rata nilai sebesar 86,32.
Hubungan Praktik Kerja Industri dengan Kesiapan Kerja Siswa SMK Negeri 1 Cibinong Kelas XII Kompetensi Keahlian Teknik Gambar Bangunan
Authors: Pratama Yudiana , Daryati Daryati , Arthur Riyan
Published: September 2018

Tujuan Penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara praktik kerja industri terhadap kesiapan kerja siswa di Kompetensi Keahlian Teknik Gambar Bangunan SMK Negeri 1 Cibinong, yang beralamat di Jalan Karadenan No.7, Cibinong Bogor, Jawa Barat16913. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 4 bulan sejak Oktober 2017 sampai dengan Januari 2018 yang teridir dari tiga tahap yaitu tahap persiapan, tahap pelaksanaan, dan tahap pengolahan data.
Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif asosiatif. Metode penelitian  adalah metode survei dengan pendekatan korelasi. Populasi adalah siswa SMK Negeri 1 Cibinong Kompetensi Keahlian Teknik Gambar Bangunan yaitu sebanyak 212 orang siswa. Sampel menggunakan cluster random sampling, yang akan dilakukan pada siswa kelas XII sebanyak 69 orang siswa, yaitu kelas XII TGB 1,yang berjumlah 35 siswa, kelas XII TGB 2, yang berjumlah 34 siswa.
Hasil penelitian  adalah nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,41 dengan kategori sedang, dan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dari praktik kerja industri terhadap kesiapan kerja siswa di SMK Negeri 1 Cibinong Kompetensi Keahlian Teknik Gambar Bangunan. Penelitian ini dibuktikan dengan thitung lebih besar dari ttabel sebesar 3,644 > 1,66 para taraf signifikan 5% maka H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF PADA MATA KULIAH TEORI DAN PRAKTIK PLAMBING DI PROGRAM STUDI S1 PVKB UNJ
Authors: Dewi Nanda , Murtinugraha R. Eka , Arthur Riyan
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang bertujuan untuk menghasilkan media pembelajaran interaktif pada mata kuliah Teori dan Praktik Plambing dengan berbantuan perangkat lunak Adobe Flash CS6.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode  penelitian Research and Development (R&D) dengan model Borg & Gall. Penelitian ini menggunakan angket sebagai instrumen pengumpulan data uji validasi dari ahli media, ahli materi dan penilaian mahasiswa yang sedang mengambil mata kuliah Teori dan Praktik Plambing.
Hasil validasi media pembelajaran mendapatkan persentase kelayakan sebesar 72,92% dan yang berada pada kategori â€œLayakâ€, dari hasil validasi ahli materi mendapatkan persentase kelayakan sebesar 86,90% yang berada pada kategori â€œSangat Layakâ€ dan hasil penilaian mahasiswa mendapatkan persentase kelayakan sebesar 82,07% yang berada pada kategori â€œSangat Layakâ€. Berdasarkan dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan layak digunakan untuk proses pembelajaran Teori dan Praktik Plambing di Program Studi Pendidikan Vokasional Konstruksi Bangunan.
Riparian Vadose Zone Preferential Flow: Review of Concepts, Limitations, and Perspectives
Authors: Orozco-López Enrique , Muñoz-Carpena Rafael , Gao Bin , Fox Garey A.
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas

Riparian ecosystems are hotspots for macropore flow due to their biogeomorphology.

Macropore prevalence can reduce riparian buffer pollution mitigation effectiveness.

Characterization of macropore morphology and connectivity is needed in riparian zones.

An effect of seasonal shallow water table on macropore flow is proposed.

Integration of infiltration–soil moisture–macropore flow model into design tools is needed.

The design and analysis of surface water pollution control practices such as vegetative filter strips and riparian buffers typically focus on surface runoff, with limited attention given to subsurface flow and transport. Field evidence suggests a prevalence of macropore flow (MF) in the riparian vadose zone (RVZ) due to abundant biological activity (e.g., fauna and roots) and steep hydraulic gradients created by the adjacent stream and the presence of a seasonally shallow water table (SWT). Because rapid leaching and subsurface transport of contaminants can be significant with MF, their prevalence in riparian buffers can negate the intended benefits of this widely adopted surface runoff pollution control practice. While theories exist for modeling preferential flow processes, experimental and modeling techniques are still lacking to characterize in situ RVZ macropore network morphologies at the soil profile and landscape scales. Importantly, the presence of a seasonal SWT can increase MF and transport processes neglected in current analyses. Additional research is needed to evaluate holistic modeling frameworks that can represent MF from measurable parameters at the riparian field scale. In this work, we review various MF theories and concepts suitable to RVZ conditions and identify current limitations and knowledge gaps. We emphasize the use of dual‐permeability approaches as a compromise between model complexity and parameter identifiability. We also identify the need for well‐controlled experimental studies using the latest monitoring technology and validation studies at the laboratory and field scales. Only then can decision‐support tools realistically predict the influence of preferential flow processes on the performance of riparian buffers as a surface water quality control practice.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Postpartum Depression Among Mothers Attending Public Health Centers of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2016
Authors: Fantahun Addishiwet , Cherie Amsale , Deribe Leul
Published: September 2018

Objectives:

Postpartum Depression (PPD) is a serious public health problem that leads to high maternal morbidity and mortality, enormously affecting the infant, family and society. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with postpartum depression among postpartum mothers attending public health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2016.

Methods:

Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2016-April 2016 among 633 postpartum women. Four sub cities were identified through simple random sampling technique among 10 sub cities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Furthermore, the study participants were determined by systematic random sampling after 10 health centers were selected by lottery method and the number of participants in each health center was proportionally allocated. In order to determine postpartum depression, participants were rated using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the findings were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. P-value less than 0.05 with 95% confidence interval was used to state the association.

Results:

The study revealed prevalence of postpartum depression among mothers was 23.3%. Moreover, women who were unmarried, had unplanned pregnancy, delivered without presence of any relatives in health institutions, had previous history of child health, had history of substance use and had low income were found to more often display postpartum depression.

Conclusion:

For optimal maternal health care provision in regards to postpartum depression, integration of mental health service in addition to inter sectoral collaboration of women’s affair with health institutions is crucial.
Inflammatory Response Variance Based on Quality of Ultrapure Water in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Lee Keon-Cheol , Han Kum Hyun , Han Sang Youb
Published: September 2018

Purpose:

Both the quality of water and biocompatibility of dialyzers are responsible for systemic inflammation in hemodialysis patients. As the biocompatibility of dialyzers has improved, focus for procedural improvements has shifted to water quality. Although ultrapure water reduces the inflammatory response, it is not clear whether different qualities of ultrapure water can further decrease the inflammatory response. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between water quality and the inflammatory response in hemodialysis patients.

Materials and Methods:

We enrolled five patients (two men and three women, mean age 44.6 ± 7.36 years) in maintenance hemodialysis (HD) for three sessions a week. Three quality grades of water were applied in successive weeks: Standard water (N0), single-filter ultrapure water (N1), and double-filter ultrapure water (N2). N2 water was created by mixing N1 water with N1 dialysate and passing the mixture through a second filter. Each patient was exposed to different water quality (N0, N1, N2) for a period of 1 week. Monocyte chemoattractant peptide-1 (MCP-1) mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was determined by real-time PCR. MCP-1 protein in plasma was measured by ELISA.

Results:

The expression of MCP-1 mRNA in isolated PBMCs after HD was invariant between the N1 and N2 water. The expression of MCP-1 mRNA decreased by 16.1% compared to pre-HD in the N0 system. The expression of MCP-1 mRNA increased by 10.5% in N1 system, and decreased by 12.2% in the N2 system. The water quality did not have a significant impact on MCP-1 protein expression. MCP-1 protein expressions pre- and post-HD were 160.9 ± 13.9 and 153.6 ± 51.6 pg/mL, respectively, when no filter was used (N0). In the case of single-filtered water (N1), the expression levels were 166.6 ± 41.9 and 190.7 ± 88.2 pg/mL pre- and post-HD, respectively. For double-filtered water (N2), the expression levels were 147.8 ± 40.0 and 169.1 ± 52.5 pg/mL pre- and post-HD, respectively.

Conclusion:

There was no difference in MCP-1 response with respect to the number of water filtration steps in HD patients. Further study with especially ultrapure and sterile water is needed to examine the long-term consequence of water purity on inflammatory reactions, and will require more participants in a longer examination window.
Repellence Activity of Cymbopogon Citratus (DC) Extracts on Anopheles Mosquitoes using Swiss Albino Rat and Human Volunteer
Authors: Oluyemi Omoya Funmilola , Ayodele Adewumi Tunde , Oluyemi Ajayi Kehinde
Published: September 2018

Introduction:

Insect-transmitted disease remains a major source of illness and death worldwide. Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles culicifacies are the important vectors of malaria, malaria continues to be a major public health problem in the tropical world. This study is aimed at carrying out repellence activity of Cymbopogon citratus (Lemon grass) extracts on Anopheles mosquitoes using swiss albino rat and human volunteers.

Methods:

Methanol, chloroform and water were used to extract the bioactive compounds of plant leaves, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical components of plant extracts were determined, twenty-five laboratory-reared 3 day old Anopheles mosquitoes which had been starved for 5 hours were used, extracts and the commercial insecticide N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) were applied topically on the skin of uncovered portions of the hand of the human volunteers and abdomen of swiss albino rat after the abdominal hairs has been shaved and the landing rate of mosquitoes were observed to calculate percentage repellency.

Results:

The result revealed that methanol extract had the highest percentage yield of 10.3%, tannin and alkaloid were present in all extracts. DEET had 100% repellency to Anopheles mosquitoes on both human volunteers and rats for 300 minutes post application, in human volunteers, water, chloroform and methanol extracts, has percentage repellency reduced from 100% to 94% after 60 minutes, 100% to 94% after 120 minutes and 100% to 83% after 150 minutes post application respectively while in swiss albino rat, water, chloroform and methanol extracts, percentage repellency reduce from 100% to 87% after 90 minutes, 100% to 87% 150 minutes and 100% to 90% after 180 minutes post application respectively.

Conclusion:

Methanol extracts of C. citratus leaves could be used for the development of topical cream that repels mosquitoes for effective control of malaria.
Métodos de extracción, refinación y concentración de aceite de pescado como fuente de ácidos grasos omega-3
Authors: Bonilla Jeimmy Rocío , Hoyos Concha José Luis
Published: September 2018

El aceite de pescado es un producto industrial de alto valor nutricional por su contenido de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (AGPI) Omega-3, actualmente valorados por su efectos benéficos en la salud. Estudios y avances realizados desde el año 2000 en la extracción de aceite de pescado de diversas especies, su refinación y concentración de AGPI, son revisados en este artículo. Las técnicas de extracción van desde tecnologías convencionales como prensado húmedo y extracción por solventes, hasta tecnologías propuestas más recientemente como fluidos supercríticos y ensilaje de pescado. Así mismo, la refinación es realizada por métodos tradicionales, sin embargo existen nuevas tecnologías con potencial para su aplicación en aceite de pescado. Por otro lado, el interés en la concentración de AGPI Omega-3 ha crecido y varias técnicas han sido propuestas como winterización, métodos enzimáticos, fraccionamiento por fluidos supercríticos, complejación con urea, fraccionamiento por métodos cromatográficos y concentración por membranas. La información recopilada indica una tendencia a combinar diferentes tecnologías convencionales y emergentes a fin de mejorar los rendimientos y pureza del producto obtenido.
Meloidogyne exigua (Meloidogynidae) em clones de seringueira em duas épocas do ano
Authors: Pezzoni Filho José Carlos , Brida Andressa Lima de , Moraes Diego Augusto de Campos , Zimback Célia Regina Lopes , Wilcken Silvia Renata Siciliano , Furtado Edson Luiz
Published: September 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo fue monitorear su infestación en plantío de seringueira y posteriormente realizar la distribución espacial de la población en las raíces de los clones GT 1 y RRIM 600, , sin identificación del porta-injerto, en dos épocas de 2013. El experimento se ubicó en el municipio de Itiquira, MT, en las coordenadas geográficas de 17o17'40,29 "y 17o26'17,73" de latitud sur y 54o44'28 , 6 "y 54o44'43,55" de longitud oeste. En mayo se recogieron 264 muestras y en noviembre se recogieron 227 muestras en el área total de 6.646 hectáreas plantadas con 22 clones, utilizados para la interpolación por el método del krigado. Para los dos clones evaluados fueron 55 puntos en mayo (clone GT 1 = 29 y RRIM 600 = 26 muestreos) y 52 muestras en noviembre (clone GT 1 = 27 y RRIM 600 = 25 muestreos), en área total de 2.409 hectáreas. Con un aparato GNSS se identificó cada punto muestral, recogiendo raíces de la caucho a 0,10 m de profundidad. Para el análisis de las raíces se utilizó metodología de Coolen y D'Herde (1972). Las infestaciones en mayo, en los dos clones, fueron mayores que en noviembre. El Índice de Dependencia Espacial (IDE) de mayo y noviembre de 2013 fue moderado.
Caracterización edafoclimática de la zona productora de lima ácida Tahití (Citrus latifolia Tanaka) en el Tolima (Colombia), afectada por una fisiopatía
Authors: Ríos Rojas Liliana , Correa Jhon Fabio , Rojas Marin Carlos Andres , Dorado-Guerra Diana Yaritza
Published: September 2018

En el departamento del Tolima se observan árboles afectados por una fisiopatía que induce muerte de estructuras en individuos de aproximadamente 4 años de edad. Una situación similar fue reportada para Estados Unidos y México, asociado a una fisiopatía, denominada Wood Pocket. Se asumió como causa principal la susceptibilidad del material, dado que en California (EE.UU.) el problema se solucionó con el uso de patrones resistentes. En la zona de estudio aún no se analiza la influencia de los porta-injertos. La literatura reporta que esta fisiopatía, o desorden fisiológico, se potencia en clima cálido seco. La zona de estudio no sólo presenta condiciones de altas temperaturas y de desbalance hídrico, sino además de altas velocidades de infiltración en el suelo. Los factores anteriores conllevan a que las plantas tengan baja disponibilidad de agua para suplir la alta demanda atmosférica, encontrándose típicamente en déficit durante toda la época productiva. Las malas prácticas agrícolas en el manejo hídrico de los huertos, inadecuada aplicación del riego hace que el problema se intensifique. La fisiopatía es una condición generalizada de los huertos de la zona más cálida del Tolima, por lo cual fue necesario identificar las características edafo-climáticas, que benefician o potencian el desarrollo del problema. Los resultados y las recomendaciones de manejo permitirán a los productores generar programas de manejo en zonas afectadas y llegar a prevenir el desorden, donde aún no se presenta.
Drug-related virtual reality cue reactivity is associated with gamma activity in reward and executive control circuit in methamphetamine use disorders (Preprint)
Authors: Tan Haoye , Chen Tianzhen , Du Jiang , Jiang Haifeng , Deng Cheng-Long , Song Weidong , Xu Ding , Zhao Min
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

Accumulated studies about substance use disorders indicated that the mesocorticolimbic reward circuit and executive control circuit played interactive roles in the cue-reactivity. Electrophysiological studies have indicated that the change of gamma oscillatory in cortex, as well as autonomic nervous activity was associated with cue reactivity.

OBJECTIVE

To explore the brain mechanism of processing drug-related cues.

METHODS

60 methamphetamine users were recruited and exposed to the drug-related virtual reality (VR) environment in which showing the methamphetamine use process. Self-reported craving was assessed and galvanic skin response and heart rate variability were used to measure the autonomic nervous reactivity. With standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography source estimation, gamma current density were used to measure the activity of medial prefrontal cortex/orbitofrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex which are responsible for mesocorticolimbic reward circuit and executive control circuit.

RESULTS

The VR drug-related cue induced an increased craving and skin conductance level compared with neutral VR situation. Gamma current density in medial prefrontal cortex/orbitofrontal cortex and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were decreased after exposure to drug related cue. In addition, the high gamma current density of these two ROIs predicted the skin conductance level changes. However, no association was found between self-reported craving and electrocortical activity and physiological response.

CONCLUSIONS

It indicated that drug-related virtual environments can induce craving and central and peripheral electrophysiological responses. The cue-reactivity was associated with gamma activity of the mesocorticolimbic reward circuit and executive control circuit in patients with methamphetamine use disorder.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT02950376)
Aging Labor and Japanese Industry Performance: Lessons for Indonesia Policies
Authors: Apriliyanti Indri Dwi
Published: September 2018

This study analyzes the labor input factor that determines and shapes output generation in Japan. It hypothesizes that labor input contributes to the development of output growth in Japanese industries. In addition to that, it is hypothesized that moderator variable which is represented by numbers of aging labor can either stimulate or weaken the output generation. Hypotheses are tested using the data obtained from the Research Institute of Economy, Trade, and Industry (RIETI) Japan Industrial Output (JIP) Database 2011 and Japan Statistics Oﬃcial within period 1970 to 2008. A multiple regression analysis, a manova and a hierarchical multiple regression analysis are conducted. Similar to expectation, aging labor has a negative moderating eﬀect on labor-intensive industry; meanwhile aging labor has a positive moderating eﬀect on capital-intensive industry. Not only does this study provide thorough knowledge towards output generation in Japan, but it also provides substantial lessons for Indonesia, particularly to enhance the industrial policy regarding the aging labor.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF PULSATILE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF SALBUTAMOL SULFATE FOR THE CHRONOTHERAPY OF ASTHMA
Authors: Adhikari Chiranjibi , Kulkarni Gururaj S , Swamy Shivakumar
Published: September 2018

Objective: The main objective of the present study was to design and evaluate a time-controlled single unit oral pulsatile drug delivery system containing salbutamol sulfate for the prevention of nocturnal asthma attacks.Methods: Drug containing core tablets (C1-C10) with different composition of superdisintegrants such as sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium, and crospovidone were prepared by direct compression technique. The fast disintegrating core tablet formulation was selected, and press-coated tablets (P1-P11) were prepared with different compositions of hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers: Ethylcellulose-20 (EC-20), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4M, and low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC LH11). The coating polymers were selected and quantified based on in vitro lag time and drug release profile in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids.Results: Formulation C10 with 7.5% crospovidone showed least disintegrating time, i.e., 0.31 min and was selected as the best immediate release core tablet. The press-coated tablet formulation P11 having 360 mg barrier layer of EC-20 and L-HPC LH11 in ratio 14:1 over the core tablet C10 showed rapid and complete drug release nearly after 6 h lag time. Accelerated stability studies of the optimized formulation P11 indicated no significant difference in release profile after a period of 6 months.Conclusion: The in vitro dissolution study showed that lag time before drug release was highly affected by the coating level and nature of coating polymer used. Time-controlled pulsatile release tablets can be prepared using press-coating techniques.
HYPERMETHYLATED DNA AS BIOMARKER FOR NASOPHARYNGEAL CANCER DETECTION
Authors: Lao Thuan Duc , Le Thuy Ai Huyen
Published: September 2018

Backgroud: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy with remarkable geographic and distribution worldwide, toward in Southern China and Southern Asia. In addition to Epstein–Barr virus infection, environmental carcinogens, the development of NPC involves the cumulative genetic as well as epigenetic alteration. More recently, it has been reported that DNA hypermethylation, an epigenetic mechanism, that occurred by the addition of a methyl group at 5’ position of the pyrimidine ring of cytosine residues at CpG islands, has been considered as the cause of nasopharyngeal tumorigenesis. In recent years, many reports have focused on the identification, evaluation of aberrant methylation of target tumor suppressor genes’ promoters, such as RASSF1A, BLU, DLEC, RARβ, p16, p15, p14, and MGMT in the NPC development.Objective: We focused on the description and exemplification of the DNA hypermethylation changes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Conclusion: we highlighted the DNA hypermethylation as a potential biomarker applied in monitoring, screening, and early diagnosis for cancer of nasopharynx.
FORMULATION, DEVELOPMENT, AND CHARACTERISATION OF CILNIDIPINE LOADED SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Pn Remya , N Damodharan
Published: September 2018

Objective: The aim of the present investigation is to develop solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of cilnidipine using hot homogenization followed by ultrasonication technique and to improve the dissolution characteristics of the drug.Methods: The cilnidipine-loaded SLNs were formulated using stearic acid (SA), glyceryl monostearate (GMS), and palmitic acid (PA) as lipid matrix and tween-20, tween-80, and tween-40 as an emulsifier by hot homogenization and ultrasonication method. The physicochemical characteristics of SLN were analyzed for Fourier transform infrared studies, entrapment efficiency (EE), zeta potential, in vitro drug release, particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and stability.Results: The SLNs with PA showed a sustained release of drug 82%–88%, respectively, after 10 h. The SLNs of PA using tween-80 as emulsifier resulted with high EE% than SLNs of SA and GMS. The compatibility studies are done by Fourier transformed infrared for formulations which contain PA as lipid matrix and tween-80 as an emulsifier, and it showed no drug excipient incompatibility. The formulation containing PA and tween-80 shown particles of average size 152 nm having polydispersity index of. 217 with 68.7 % EE were produced. The zeta potential of the formulation was found to be – 27 mV and the order of percentage drug release was from PA>GMS>SA, and steric stabilizers retard the drug release more than ionic stabilizers.Conclusion: SLN formulations showed the best results in EE as well as in in vitro drug release and therefore confirmed that the novel drug delivery system provides an improved strategy for the treatment of hypertension.
EFFICACY OF COSUPPLEMENTATION THERAPY WITH VITAMINS B9, B12, AND D ON ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Authors: Al- Joufi Fakhria , El- Bana Mona A , Tewfik Ihab , Anwar Mona
Published: September 2018

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of Vitamins D, B9, and B12 given individually or combined in ameliorating some biochemical parameters related to endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rats.Methods: A total of 50 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into five groups: Control, diabetic, diabetic received Vitamin D, diabetic received Vitamins B9 and B12, and diabetic received Vitamins B9, B12, and D. At the end of 6 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and a set of assays was carried out to determine: Fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile, nitric oxide (NO), homocysteine (Hcy), malondialdehyde (MDA), and serum levels of Vitamins B9, B12, and D.Results: Diabetic rat received Vitamin D and diabetic rat received Vitamins B9 and B12 had a significant decline in the levels of FBS, lipid profile, and Hcy with reduced MDA (p<0.05) release but significant increase in NO level. On the same hand, diabetic rat received combined supplementation of Vitamins B9, B12, and D had more pronounced effect (p<0.00).Conclusion: Given these findings, the combined vitamins therapy had antiatherosclerotic effects by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and stimulating NO production, resulting in amelioration the endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rat.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT PERSPECTIVES OF EXTRACTS OF CHARA GLOBULARIS AND CLADOPHORA SPECIES (STRING ALGAE) SPECIES
Authors: M Karpakavalli , Ay Sangilimuthu , S Mohan
Published: September 2018

Objectives: Marine organisms are capable of producing unusual bioactive compounds that are not observed in terrestrial sources. Algae are now drawing a greater interest following the increase in demand for biodiversity in the screening programs seeking therapeutic drugs from natural products.Methods: Hot acid extraction and cold alkali extraction of Chara globularis and Cladophora species (string algae), respectively, were carried out successfully. The extracted materials were tested for the qualitative reactions and subjected for thin-layer chromatography, ultraviolet, and infrared spectral studies so as to characterize the extracted materials of two algae. They were estimated for their antioxidant perspectives by hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging and reducing power assay methods.Results: Percentage yield of the extracts was found to be 80% and 40%, respectively, for the two algal species. The IC50 value of hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity of C. globularis and Cladophora species was found to be 30 μg/ml and 20 μg/ml, respectively, and the same for the standard ascorbic acid was 20 μg/ml. The results were found to be dose dependent, i.e., higher the concentration, and more was the scavenging activity.Conclusion: Despite the widespread uses and claimed advantages of the algae, only a few investigations on the chemical composition have been reported. A good correlation between the structure and activities of these most popular categories can be brought about.
EVALUATION OF GASTROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF COENZYME Q 10 AND L - GLUTAMINE IN STRESS AND ETHANOL-INDUCED PEPTIC ULCER IN WISTAR RATS: A NOVEL PRECLINICAL STUDY
Authors: Ommurugan Balaji , Adiga Shalini , Belle Vijetha Shenoy
Published: September 2018

Objective: Coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ10) and L-glutamine have antioxidant property their role in peptic ulcer diseases is not well known. Hence, the aim of present study is to evaluate the gastroprotective role of CoQ10 and L-glutamine in stress and ethanol-induced peptic ulcers in Wistar albino rats.Methods: A total of 90 rats were used for the conduct of study in two experimental models, the stress- and the ethanol-induced ulcer model. Each model consists of eight groups with six rats in each group. Sucralfate and pantoprazole were used as standard drugs along with CoQ10 and L- glutamine as test drugs. Drugs were administered for 10 days in stress model and 7 days in case of ethanol model. Statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and post-hoc test with significance as p>0.05Results: CoQ10 and L- glutamine when used alone as well in combination with pantoprazole and sucralfate showed no ulcer formation. Test drugs showed decrease in gastric acid secretion, decreased total and free acidity levels, higher gastric pH, increased mucous secreting ability, higher levels of reduced glutathione levels in both tissue as well as blood and lower malondialdehyde levels when compared with pantoprazole and sucralfate suggestive of their antioxidative benefit, in both the models.Conclusion: Well-designed clinical trials can be done to evaluate the use of CoQ10 and L- glutamine in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease due to various etiology.
REVIEW: GERMINAL CELL APOPTOSIS BY HERBAL MEDICINE
Authors: Situmorang Putri Cahaya , Ilyas Syafruddin
Published: September 2018

Apoptosis is a mechanism of cell death with a main role in cell recycling, which occurs in several organs: Testical, placenta, prostate, breast, ovarian, and cancer cells. Apoptotic signal pathway may be used to repair reproductive health disorders. Signal pathway of germ cell usually begins with extrinsic apoptotic pathway involving Fas/FasL molecule and mitochondrial pathway with Bcl-2 protein component. Apoptotic process in germ cell can also be triggered by exposing certain plant secondary metabolite to certain cells. Many plants have been reported successfully triggering apoptotic properties, i.e. (1) Areca catechu, (2) Carica papaya, (3) Camellia sinensis, (4) Curcuma domestica, (5) Costus speciosus, (6) Gossypium hirsutum, (7) Hibiscus spp., (8) Luffa aegyptiaca, (9) Momordica charantia, (10) Nicotiana tabacum, (11) Olea europaea, (12) Ocimum basilicum, and (13) Zingiber officinale. The metabolites may induce apoptosis through upregulating Fas/Fas-L and p53 expression, Bax/Bcl-2, along with caspase-3 activation. The mentioned plants then will induce apoptosis in germ cell and may become promising candidates to treat cancer as evidenced from extensive laboratory studies.
AN OVERVIEW ON THE BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES OF AGLAIA SPECIES
Authors: R Priya , P Sowmiya , Muthuraman Meenakshi Sundaram
Published: September 2018

Medicinal plants have been identified and used throughout human history for treating various diseases. Plants belonging to genus Aglaia have been used in traditional system of medicine. The genus Aglaia is a member of Meliaceae family. The plants belonging to this genus have various biological activities including antipyretic, astringent, antidiarrheal, antidysenteric, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity and are also used in treating skin diseases and tumors. The phytochemistry and the various biological activities of Aglaia sp. such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and nanoparticle activity are discussed in this review paper.
A VALIDATED ULTRA-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR NITRATE AND NITRITE MEASUREMENT
Authors: Antony Benny , Benny Merina , Kuruvilla Binu T , Gupta Nishant Kumar
Published: September 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a simple and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method for determination of nitrate and nitrite in plant extracts and biological samples.Methods: Nitrate was analyzed directly by injecting the filtered sample into UPLC and monitoring the chromatogram at 222 nm whereas, for nitrite analysis, the samples were derivatized using Griess reagent, and chromatogram was monitored at 520 nm. The method was validated for accuracy and precision.Results: The calibration curve was obtained in the range of 0.05–500 μg/ml for nitrate and 5–3200 ng/ml for nitrite which were extremely linear, where both correlation coefficients were >0.9990. Accuracy of the method was found as 99.87% and 100.24% for nitrate and nitrite, respectively. High degree of precision and repeatability was obtained since coefficient of variation values were <2.1%. Among the three commonly used anticoagulants, i.e., K2EDTA, Li-Heparin, and sodium citrate, Li-Heparin did not show any interference with nitrate or nitrite analysis.Conclusion: Results clearly indicate the sensitivity and suitability of the developed method for estimation of nitrate and nitrite in plant extracts and biological samples. Our findings also indicate that Li-Heparin does not interfere with analysis and thus can be used as anticoagulant while collecting blood.