bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anatomical and histological study of kidney, ureter and urinary bladder in male guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)
Authors: Yousif Rasha Raad
Published: July 2020

A total of 20 healthy adult male guinea pigs were used in this study to investigate the anatomical, histological and morphometrical characteristics of the kidneys, ureter and urinary bladder. The gross anatomical study showed that the right kidney had a bean shape with reddish pink color whereas the left kidney had a heart shape. The renal cortex appeared darker than medulla with reddish brown color, while the medulla was pale in color. The mean thickness of cortex was more than that of medulla in both left and right kidneys and the ratio of cortex to medulla was 1.06: 1 in both kidneys. The mean length of right ureter was 10.3±0.62 cm while the mean length of left ureter was shorter. The filled urinary bladder appeared as a pear-shaped hollow sac situated in the pelvic cavity and only the rounded cranial part of bladder was expanded. Four histological regions of renal tubules were found in kidney. The Proximal convolutes tubule is first longest and coiled segment of renal tubules which originate from urinary pole of renal corpuscles and measured about 25.421±0.3µm in diameter and lined with simple cuboidal epithelial cells. The Nephron loop (Loop of Henle) was consisted of the descending and ascending thin limbs, the descending thin limb was measured 13.591±0.1µm diameter, whereas the thick ascending limb was measured (19.987±0.5µm) in diameter. Distal convolutes tubule was shorter than the proximal tubule and measured about 21.139±0.5µm diameter. The collecting duct was measured about (31.759±0.2µm) diameter. It was lined with simple cuboidal or columnar epithelium. The cross section of Ureter was possessed a star shape lumen and its wall consist from four tunics (mucosa, lamina propria  submucosa, muscularis and serosa). It was lined by transitional epithelium. The histological structure of Urinary Bladder was resembles the ureter, the lamina propria contain few mucous glands.
Effect of Pomegranate Seed Oil against Hepatotoxicity- Induced by Sodium Fluoride in Adult Female Rats (Part II).
Authors: Al-Okaily Baraa Najim
Published: July 2020

This experiment was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of pomegranate seed oil against toxicity- induced by sodium fluoride and in normal rats. Twenty  adult female Wistar rats were divided into four equal group and treated daily for 40 days as follows: Group C administered  tap water and served as control , group T1 : received sodium fluoride 120ppm in drinking tap water, group T2: received both sodium fluoride 120ppm in drinking water and  administered orally pometone (pomegranate seed oil) 30mg/kg B.W. and group T3 : administered pomegranate seed oil as in group T2 orally. Fasting blood samples were collected at 0, 20 and 40 days to estimation of some biochemical parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers . In addition, sections from liver were taken at the end of the experiment for histopathological study. The results revealed that SF (group T1) caused a significant increase in serum aminotransferases (serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) activities, total cholesterol ,total bilirubin and peroxynitrite radical concentrations, while GSH concentration was a significantly decrease.  PSO caused an alleviation to the hepatic dysfunction induced by sodium fluoride (group T2) manifested through significant elevation of GSH concentration, in addition, a significant reduction in serum transaminases activity, total cholesterol, peroxynitrite radical and total bilirubin concentrations. In contrast, administration of pomegranate seed oil (group T3) showed no alterations in most of these parameters. Furthermore  histopathological examination of liver tissues of  group T1 manifested aggregation of mononucleated cells, proliferation of hepatocyte, cytoplasmic fat droplet and granulomatous lesion consists of aggregation of macrophage and lymphocyte. All these alteration in liver histology were modified by treatment of rats with pomegranate seed oil (group T2) and no pathological lesion was reported in group T3. On conclusion, this study documented the beneficial effect of pomegranate seed oil against the deleterious effects of SF on liver functions of adult female rats.
Bio-distribution of Gold Nanoparticles in Tumor Mass and Different Organs in Implanted Mice with Mammary Adenocarcinoma AM3 (in vivo study)
Authors: Hussein Sumaiah I , Shubber Saleha S. , Yaseen Nahi Y .
Published: July 2020

Nanoparticles has many properties, especially in treatment of medical field, but the controversy continues about their cytotoxicity. Hence, this research was conducted to estimate the concentration of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in tumor and other organs such as kidney, liver, and spleen after injection GNPs by two routes, intratumor and intraperitoneal to compare between two methods in mice implanted with mammary adenocarcinoma for 28 days. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy was used to measure the GNPs concentrations. The results revealed that the GNPs concentrations were significantly (P≤0.05) increased (3.75±1.75, 2.42 ±0.31 ppm) in kidney tissue after intratumor and intraperitoneal administration, respectively, when compared to the other organs (liver and spleen), followed by tumor mass (2.66±0.01, 1.09 ±0.06 ppm) in tissue. While the concentrations of GNPs in spleen and liver were (1.40 ±0.33, 0.726 ±0.01) and (0.602 ±0.03, 0.517 ±0.02) after intratumor and intraperitoneal administration respectively. Also, the experiment showed that the injection by intratumor was more efficient than intraperitonial method for tumor treatment, so, the nanoparticles were cleared by responsible lymphoid organs of body.
Synthesis, Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Nigella sativa Seeds and Study Their Effects on the Serum Lipid Profile and DNA Damage on the Rats’ Blood Treated with Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Ali Zainab Sattar , Khudair Khalisa Khadim
Published: July 2020

This study was aimed to produce silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Nigella sativa, also to investigate the effects of green synthesized Nigella sativa seeds silver nanoparticles on dyslipidemia and DNA fragmentation in hydrogen peroxide-exposed rats. The produced Nigella sativa seeds silver nanoparticles were characterized through Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) style, and Scanning Electron Microscope was used to investigate the morphology and size of synthesized Nigella sativa seeds silver nanoparticles. Forty adults male rats were randomly and equally divided into five groups and daily  had been remedying for two months as followings:  G1 group (Control), G2 group, rats in this group were received tap water containing 1%  H2O2, animals in G3 and G4 groups were injected IP  Nigella sativa seeds silver nanoparticles 25 and 50 mg/kg B.W., respectively, and received ordinary tap water containing 1% H2O2 , and G5 group, animals in this group were injected IP  Nigella sativa seeds extract  50 mg/kg B.W. and received ordinary tap water containing 1% H2O2. Blood samples collected after one and two months of the experiment from each animal for DNA fragmentation measurements and serum estimated lipid profile.The results receded a case of dyslipidemia,  as well  significant elevation in DNA damage in G4 and G2 groups The results also confirmed the hypolipidemic and cytoprotective effect of Nigella sativa seeds extract (G5 group) and silver nanoparticles as25mg/kg B.W (group G3) clarified by correction of dyslipidemia, alongside significant alleviation in DNA damage. In conclusion, the results in the current study effectsof Nigella sativa seeds silver nanoparticles at high dose and documents the ameliorative effect of Nigella sativaseeds extract and Nigella sativa seeds silver nanoparticles on lipid profile and DNA damage.
Study of The Experimentally Zinc Deficiency in Iraqi Local Breed Goats
Authors: Al-Zubaedi Mahmood Raad , Mahmood Alaa K. , Al-Khafaji Nazar Jabbar
Published: July 2020

The current study was conducted to study experimentaly induced zinc deficiency and its consequnces hematology  in Iraqi goats. A twenty five goats, 5-6 months old were involved in this study. The study extended from November 2018 continued for 10 weeks in the farm of College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Diyala. The animals were fed a  high calcium content ration (400-500 gm/head/day) in addition to hay and water with ad libitum during the study. The main clinical signs were retardation in hair growth, especially of legs and head, swollen joint, poor growth, rough hair coat, loss of hair on head, limbs, and scrotum,  cracking of the hooves. The skin rough, thickened, cracked, alopecia, crusting, and hyperkeratosis also paleness of the mucous membranes of the eye, loss of appetite, itching, and emaciation. Body weight, heart rates, and body temperature were not significantly changed, respiratory rates significantly decreased in 3rd and 6th weeks in comparison with 1st week. The results of total red blood cells counts revealed significantly decreased in the  2nd week compared with 1st week, then increased in the 4th, 6th and 8th weeks in comparison with1st week. Hemoglobin concentration significantly increased at the 2nd, 4th and 6th weeks in comparison with the  1st week. Packed cell volume increased at the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th weeks compared with 1st week. Serum zinc was significantly decreased from the 2nd week till the end of the experiment.Significant decrease in lymphocytes was detected at the 4th week compered with 1, 2, 6 and 8 weeks. Eosinophil  was also significantly decreased in the 2nd and 6th weeks compared with 1st week, and increased 4th week and 8week compared with 2nd ,6th respectively.It is concluded from this study that zinc deficiency clearly affects the overall health status and may eventually lead to economic losses in local goats.
Run-off Patterns of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE clones) in Cows Raw Milk and Imported Milk Powders at Baghdad Markets
Authors: Al-Shammary Ali Hassan Ahmed
Published: July 2020

Codebook shifting of some clones of Enterococci from normal flora to genotypically and phenotypically foodborne opportunistic and multidrug resistant pathogens in our ecosystem represent dangerous hygienic problem. Seventy-fivepooled milk samples were collectedfrom differentdistricts in Baghdad ecosystem from January until May (2019). Fiftyraw milk samples pooled directly from Cows and milk containers (twenty-five each) and twenty-five imported milk powders pooled from Baghdad markets in which, fifteen samples inspected monthly(five from each brand). Certifiedand modified traitsprofits for isolation and confirmation policy. Frequency and distribution of verified data in Baghdad environment reveled variable results. Seven Enterococcus faecalis phenotypes (9.33 %) recovered from raw milk samples in which, four isolates (5.33 %) recovered from Cows raw milk and three isolates (4 %) recovered from milk containers. None recovered clones founds in imported milk powders. All isolates were biofilm-producers and vancomycin resistant verifiedvia modified Christensen biofilm assay and antibiotics sensitivity test. Monitoring these contamination events with vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis needs sophisticated hygienic efforts in Baghdad ecosystem
Determination of Depleted Uranium Concentration and Histopathological Changes in Local Iraqi Fish and Chickens
Authors: Neamah, Ghusoon Abdul Kareem , Yousif Eman Hashim
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to determine the concentration of depleted uranium and the main histopathological changes in local fish and chickens at a selected Iraqi area suspected to be polluted with uranium. Different locations of Al-Tuwaitha region (Southern of Baghdad) were surveyed randomly to collect a total of 15 samples from each animal species. The animals were sacrificed and dissected at the site of collection. Muscle samples were collected to determine uranium concentrations using nuclear fission track analysis with CR-39 detectors. For histopathological changes, sample tissues from fish (liver, gills, and kidney) and chickens (liver, kidney, and lung) were collected and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. The results showed that there was a significant elevation in uranium concentration in both fish and chicken muscles (1.94±0.77 µg/Kg and 2.19±0.82 µg/Kg, respectively) compared with recommended uranium concentration. Histopathological examination showed several effects included congestion and thickening of blood vessels walls, vacuolation, necrosis, fibrosis and inflammatory cells infiltration in most tissue section of collected organs. In conclusion, the uranium residues that found in both fish and chicken meats could raise the concerns about consumption of both animal species that had been bred in Al-Tuwaitha, and could be an indicator of environmental pollution with uranium in this region.
Empirical Studies in Alluvial Streams
Authors: Yilmaz Levent
Published: July 2020

Meander flow takes place in one single channel which oscillates more or less regularly with amplitudes that tend to increase with time. Meanders are found in beds of fine sediments with gentle slopes. In this study, effort will be made to investigate meanders’ turbulent boundary layer and to improve the present knowledge about the river meandering phenomena. It is assumed that the development of the perturbations which develop into meanders or braids, is longer than the width of the channel. Interaction be
tween the flow and mobile boundaries produces channel patterns which are classified as meandering or braided. It is therefore long compared with the ripples or dunes which cover the bed of such a channel and whose wave length is shorter than the width of the channel. The variation of resistance to flow and rate of transport of bed material with velocity are discussed briefly and taken into account. Meander flow and meander shear stress distribu tion of the channel are described. The basis is a steady, two-dimensional
model of flow in an alluvial channel with variable curvature. The meander development is described by forcing a travelling, small-amplitude channel alignment wave on the system, and determining the growth characteristics of the wave. Laboratory data are used to verify the formulas.
The Importance of Motacilla Alba Behavior on Hitting Its Own Mirror Reflection
Authors: Zhang Yan , Mirt Greg , Xu Fan , Liu Fangfang
Published: July 2020

Self-awareness is considered as a capability of recognize oneself and increasingly received attention. However, self-awareness in the bird Motacilla Alba is unclear. To study the self-recognition in Motacilla Alba, the subject is observed by mirror while eating. The bird performed the look around, confirm again the surroundings, become alert, hit the mirror. These behaviors suggests that presently Motacilla Alba does not have the capacity of self-awareness by the test.
Syllable Weakening in Kagoshima Japanese
An Element-Based Analysis
Authors: Younberg Connor
Published: July 2020

This paper examines syllable weakening or nisshōka (入声化) in Kagoshima Japanese (KJ), where high vowel apocope feeds lenition, leading to correspondences such as Tōkyō Japanese (TJ) [kaki] ‘persimmon’ and Kagoshima [kaʔ]. The traditional pattern noted in the literature is quite clear. Apocope elides stem-final /u/ or /i/. The preceding onset is lenited in one of four ways: 1) stops and affricates are debuccalised (/kaki/ > [kaʔ] ‘persimmon’); 2) fricatives undergo voicing neutralisation (TJ [kazu] > KJ [kas] ‘number’); 3) nasals undergo place loss (TJ [kami] > KJ [kaɴ] ‘paper’); 4) rhotics undergo gliding (TJ [maru] > [maj] ‘round’). This paper presents an initial analysis of the data within Element Theory representational framework.
L’esprit de celui qui parle
Wilhelm von Humboldt on Japanese and its Speakers
Authors: Heinrich Patrick
Published: July 2020

Unbeknownst to most, Humboldt studied also Japanese in order to better grasp universal aspects of language. Humboldt’s interest in Japanese is based on his teleological view of language. According to Humboldt, language is the expression of a nation’s worldview and is, over time, subject to development and refinement. Japanese served Humboldt as an example to step back in time, so to speak, and he attempts to gain new insights into the origin of language by studying selected aspects of the Japanese language. While deeply original in his analysis, Humboldt falls victim to the Eurocentric bias of his approach. He uncritically perceives European languages as a yardstick to assess and interpret non-European languages.
Effect of Coarse Aggregate Columns on Angle of Friction in Fine Sandy Soil
Authors: Al-Eqabi Haqi  H. Abbood , Al-Gharbawe Ali M. Hassan
Published: July 2020

Abstract: the study adopted samples from Tigris river shoulders ,which has been subjected to such collapses and cracks. After testing and investigation it was found the soil is formed from river deposits , which can be classified as fine sand soil . It is known that many of the collapses that occurs in the sides of rivers are due to the influence of shear forces . A different of diameters coarse aggregates columns and aggregates sizes used in this study are tested by direct shear test.

The main objective of this research to increase the coefficient of friction between the soil particles in the test specimen by adding the coarse aggregate columns to the fine sand soil, In this regard the least void ratio was found as a beneficial index that relates with critical state of friction angle independent on soil gradation. The relations between critical state or high friction angles of the mixture with lower void ratio were determined as a function of addition pressure. The relationships could be useful to determination the strength parameters of (sand gravel mixtures).
Rooting of Mini-Cuttings of guava cultivars (Psidium guajava L.) Treated with IBA under Misting Irrigation
Authors: Supanjani Supanjani , Rahayu Hatari , Suprijono Eko , Romeida Atra , Yulian Yulian
Published: July 2020

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a plant whose fruit is very popular in Indonesia because it contains high vitamin C and its leaves can be used as herbal medicine. Orchard expansion of selected cultivars and fruit production of guava can be achieved vegetatively through  propagation by using mini-cuttings with the use of Indole Butyric Acids (IBA). A study was conducted to compare rooting success of mini-cuttings of herbaceous stem of four guava cultivars with IBA treatment. Four guava cultivars tested were Bengkulu Round, Getas, Crystal, and Bangkok.  Mini-cuttings were immersed in IBA solution at 0 ppm or 1000 ppm. Cultivar and IBA treatments were arranged factorially in a randomized complete  block design with  3 replications, each consisting of 25 cuttings. Variables observed included percentage of original-leaf shedding, percentage of emerging shoots, percentage of sprouting cuttings, new leaf number, root number, root length, and percent of rooted cuttings. The results demonstrated that cultivars affected rooting percentage, sprouted percentage, percentage of original-leaf fall, and number of root.  Getas had highest rooting and sprouting percentages, and showed lowest number of  original-leaf shedding; whereas, Bangkok demostrated greatest number of root.  IBA treatment increased the number of root and the number of original-leaf shedding, but reducing rooting percentage of mini-cutting. There was no interaction between cultivar and IBA teratment.
Identifying treatment moderators of a trauma-informed parenting intervention with children in foster care: Using model-based recursive partitioning
Authors: Chung Gerard , Ansong David , Brevard Kanisha C. , Chen Ding-Geng
Published: July 2020

Background : Trauma-informed parenting interventions have been used in child welfare to help caregivers respond to children in trauma-informed ways that can mitigate the effects of maltreatment and build strong caregiver-child relationships. Existing studies support its effectiveness with the foster care population. However, to further advance its development, one key step is to identify subgroups of participants that respond differently from the intervention. Objective: To identify pre-treatment moderators that can distinguish subgroups of caregivers and children that benefit differently from the intervention. Participants and setting: 414 foster care children (age 3 or younger) and their caregivers were assigned either to the trauma-informed parenting intervention in the Illinois Birth through Three Title IV-E waiver demonstration or to a comparison group that received services as usual. Methods: Model-based Recursive Partitioning (MOB) was used to identify treatment moderators and moderator interactions. MOB fits a parametric model and uses a data-driven method to find subgroups for which the specified parametric model has different parameters. Two parametric models (logistic and linear regression) were used in accordance with two outcomes: reunification (binary), and caregiver-child attachment (continuous). We examined 21 potential pre-treatment moderators in both models. Results: For reunification outcome, three treatment moderators interact to produce different subgroups of participants who responded differently to the intervention: (a) caregivers’ relationship status (kin vs. non-kin/permanent caregivers), (b) caregiver-child attachment, and (c) case history of physical abuse. For attachment outcome, caregivers’ age was found to be a treatment moderator. Future developments of trauma-informed interventions should consider these moderators.
COVID-19 Pandemic: Mechanistic approaches and gender vulnerabilities
Authors: Khan Luqman , Khaliq Nisar Ul
Published: July 2020

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an extremely pathogenic virus that results in coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) a severe respiratory damaging syndrome that causes serious complications for health worldwide. This novel virus and disorder were unfamiliar beforehand the epidemic started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. COVID-19 is currently a pandemic influencing several countries worldwide. One of the mysteries of the new coronavirus is that it is deadlier for men than women as the mortality in males seems to be twice in every age group of females.
Influence of acute mental stress on blood pressure, heart rate and heart rate variability in male medical students: An experimental study from tertiary care hospital, Nepal
Authors: Pandey Karishma Rajbhandari , Khadka Rita , Panday Dipesh Raj , Agrawal Kopila , Paudel Bishnu Hari
Published: July 2020

Background: Medical students experience immense mental stress while understanding and retaining new terms, drug names and mechanisms and eventually generating a concept. Such stress, in long run, may affect their cardiovascular health. This can be assessed by heart rate variability, a reliable non-penetrating tool to determine the cardiac autonomic tone.

Material and methods: Thirty healthy young male medical students of BPKIHS, Nepal of age 21.03 ± 1.73 years, and BMI 20.83 ± 2.07 kg/m2 were recruited for the present study. Their resting BP, HR, RR, and short-term heart rate variability (HRV) were recorded in sitting position. Each subject was given a mental stress for 5 min. Their BP, HR, and RR were recorded at 5th min of mental stress. HRV of 5 min was also recorded simultaneously during mental stress.

Results: Mental stress increased SBP (p=0.001), DBP (p= 0.001), PR (p= 0.005) and RR (p= 0.042) in young male medical students. Time domain measures of HRV viz; RMSSD (p= 0.001), NN50 (p= 0.001) and PNN50 (p=0.001), which are markers of parasympathetic activity, were significantly decreased during mental stress.

Conclusion: Acute mental stress increases BP and HR by withdrawing parasympathetic nervous control in young, healthy male medical students.
Perancangan dan Pengembangan Produk Helm Menggunakan Metode Quality Function Deployment (QFD)
Authors: Wahyuni Rossi Septy , Nursubiyantoro Eko , Awaliah Gina
Published: July 2020

Helmet is a product that is generally used when riding a motorcycle, the function of the helmet is to protect body parts especially the head when accident while driving. Many of helmet product still have deficiency both in terms of form of function, in this case helmet products still have any problems in their function. The shape of the helmet that is already on the market does not pay attention to the needs of the community if the helmet is exposed to rain when stored in the outdoor. The planning and development of helmet products is then processed using Quality Function Development (QFD). The customer need regarding customer products are half face shaped helmet, full face shaped helmet, flip up shaped helmet, lightweight helmet shell materials, strong helmet shell materials, strong helmet locking locks, visor material is not easily scratched, visor material is not easily broken, visor material is not easily to blur, foam helmet is easily to clean, foam helmet is soft, foam helmet is not easily to moldy, cloth helmet is soft on the face, helmet cloth is easily to absorb sweat, cloth helmet is not easy to smell, helmet lock is easy to install, helmet in solid colour, helmet with patterned appearance, and helmet there are added feature waterproof. The technical characteristics of helmet product are the type of the shell material, the shape of the shell, the weight of the shell, the colour of the shell, the type of visor material, the colour of the visor, the type of foam material, the type of fabric material, the type of locking material, and additional features of waterproof helmet. The specification of the proposed helmet are the type of shell material in the form of ABS plastic, the shape of the helmet is half face, the weight of the helmet is 2 kg, the colour of the helmet is solid (black), the type of the visor is polycarbonate, the colour of the visor is transparent, the type of material foam is polystyrene, the type of fabric is the velor fabric, the type of locking material is quick release buckle, and additional feature are waterproof in the form of cover of taslan fabric.
Pengembangan Sistem Pendampingan Usaha Berkelanjutan Bagi UMKM Berbasis Sistem Manajemen Kinerja
Authors: Radyanto Mohammad Riza , Prihastono Endro
Published: July 2020

During 2015-2018, Micro and Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) entrepreneurs are faced with complex and multidimensional business problems influenced by internal and external factors. they are faced with problems that are classified into 5 main problems: marketing, finance, product legality, human resources, and packaging. The limited number of workers also affects business performance, where the average number of operators is 1-3 people per MSME, so steps are needed to maintain business performance namely through business assistance by outsiders. The purpose of this research is to produce a new system in the form of a continuous business assistance model involving 5 elements Penta helix: government, academia, business, community, and business assistants. The method used is a case study, a literature study based on gap analysis of previous research. The results obtained from this study are a new system in the form of a sustainable assistance model with 23 key performance indicators from 5 aspects of business based on a Performance Management System. In the future with this system, it is expected that Indonesian MSMEs have business resilience and sustainability.
Aljabar Lintasan Leavitt Semiprima
Authors: Astriawati Ningrum
Published: July 2020

Suatu graf dapat direpresentasikan sebagai aljabar lintasan dan jika graf tersebut diperluas dapat didefinisikan suatu aljabar lintasan Leavitt, yang pada kenyataannya merupakan Z-aljabar bertingkat. Dalam tulisan ini akan dibahas mengenai sifat semiprima pada aljabar lintasan dan aljabar lintasan Leavitt yang berlaku dalam sebarang graf. Serta menyelidiki kaitan antara semiprima pada aljabar lintasan dengan semiprima pada aljabar lintasan Leavitt.Kata Kunci: Graf Berarah, Aljabar Lintasan, Aljabar Lintasan Leavitt, Aljabar Linta-san Leavitt Semiprima.
Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) Dengan LKS Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Dan Logis
Authors: Ulfah Farida
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan logis  pada pembelajaran matematika dengan menerapkan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) dengan LKS pada siswa kelas VIIIC SMP Negeri 11 Yogyakarta.            Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilakukan secara kolaboratif dan partisipatif pada bulan Mei sampai dengan Juni 2013. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIIIC SMP Negeri 11 Yoogyakarta sejumlah 34 siswa tahun ajaran 2012/2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain spiral Kemmis dan Taggart. Tindakan dilakukan melalui tahapan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes, observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan catatan lapangan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan  adalah analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif.            Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) dengan LKS dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan logis dalam pembelajaran matematika. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dari : (1) persentase rata-rata untuk kemampuan berpikir kritis pada pra tindakan sebesar 36,27% dengan kriteria sangat rendah, pada siklus I sebesar 60,29% dengan kriteria sedang, dan meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 89.71% dengan kriteria sangat tinggi. (2) Persentase rata-rata untuk kemampuan berpikir logis pada pra tindakan sebesar 31,94% dengan kriteria sangat rendah, dan menjadi 47,57% dengan kriteria rendah pada siklus I, kemudian meningkat menjadi 83,72% dengan kriteria sangat tinggi pada siklus II. (3) Persentase rata-rata pada observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran dengan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) mengalami peningkatan. Pada siklus 1 persentase rata-rata sebesar 68,33% dengan kriteria tinggi dan pada siklus II menjadi 88,96% dengan kriteria sangat tinggi. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah penerapan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) dengan LKS dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan logis pada pembelajaran matematika siswa kelas VIIIC SMP Negeri 11 Yogyakarta. Kata kunci : Model Problem Based Learning (PBL), Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis, Kemampuan Berpikir Logis.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Learning Cycle 5e Sebagai Upaya Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa
Authors: Yuniarti Nia , Murnaka Nerru Pranuta
Published: July 2020

Mathematical communication ability is an important ability to have students. This is because by having these abilities, students can communicate ideas or mathematical ideas both orally and in writing. However, based on preliminary studies in the form of mathematical communication and class observation tests conducted by researchers in one class at SMP Negeri 8 Kota Tangerang Selatan showed that students' mathematical communication ability is still low. The efforts that can be done is to apply a model of learning that can train and cultivate students' mathematical communication ability by applying the learning cycle 5e  model. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the average of improvement mathematical communication skills of students who get a learning model learning cycle 5e higher than students who obtain conventional learning. This type of research is quasi experiment. The research design used is a nonequivalent control group design. The population in this research are the students of class VII.1, VII.2, and VII.3 SMP Negeri 8 Kota Tangerang Selatan and the sample is the students of class VII.2 as the experimental class and class VII.3 as the control class. The sampling technique used random cluster sampling. Hypothesis testing of research done by the parametric test (t-test). In this research, it can be concluded that the average improvement mathematical communication ability of students who get the learning cycle 5e model is higher than students who get conventional learning. Keywords:  Mathematical communication skill, learning cycle 5e model, quasi-experiment
BENIH-BENIH IDEOLOGI ISLAMISME RADIKAL DI KALANGAN SEJUMLAH MAHASISWA NTT
Authors: Raho Bernardus , Daven Mathias , Maku Hendrikus
Published: July 2020

This article focuses on the roots of radicalism as can be seen in young Muslims in NTT Province. The majority of the population of this province are either Protestant or Catholic Christians. Nationally, NTT has a reputation for being a province which is coloured by religious tolerance. People of different religions live side by side peacefully. A probable reason for this is the fact that family and friendship relationships tend to cross religious boundaries. However, in recent times religious harmony has been impacted by radical  thinking among tertiary Muslim students. These seeds can be seen in their understanding of, and attitude to, radical Islamism. At the level of understanding, they do not differentiate between Islam as a religion and Islam as an ideology. At times they identify radical Islamism as the teaching of Islam. Attitude-wise, this article points out that a considerable number of respondents hold certain convictions which are in line with the ideology of radical Islamism.

 Keywords: Radical Islamism, fundamentalism, radical Islam, Islamic student, ideology of a Islam, terror, terrorism.

 

 
MENDAMAIKAN KEKRISTENAN DAN LGBT: SEBUAH UPAYA HERMENEUTIK ALKITAB
Authors: Singgih Emanuel Gerrit
Published: July 2020

This paper challenge to raise the understanding that “the Bible is anti LGBT”. Hermeneutical examination of the six passages or texts shows that in the Bible there are anti-LGBT texts, but there are also pro-LGBT texts. Then the story of Sodom and Gomorrah, often used as “proof” that the Bible is anti-LGBT, can also be interpreted as opposites. Finally there is a hermeneutical discussion about the relationship of religion and science, culture and human
 rights, and concrete proposals regarding the pastoral actions of the
 church against LGBT people.

 Keywords: Hermeneutics, Sola Scriptura Plus, anti-LGBT texts, pro-LGBT texts, religion/theology, science/science, human rights, and restriction.

 
Reputación de los medios de comunicación españoles
Authors: Villafañe Justo , Ortiz-de-Guinea-Ayala Yolanda , Martín-Sáez José-Luis
Published: July 2020

Two studies, one qualitative and the other quantitative, have been carried out, each using two samples differentiated by the degree of knowledge of the performance of media: informed population and communication professionals. A quantitative analysis of the reputation of the Spanish media is carried out, based on a qualitative analysis of the professional and business reality of the media with the best reputation. It is concluded that there is a broad consensus that there is no confidence in the media because the information that they disseminate is manipulated. The credibility of a medium shows a high correlation with its history, consistent with the theory of reputation, because consolidation of a stable reputation requires time. The reputation of each type of media (paper press, digital press, radio, and television) is evaluated, yielding two rankings of the 16 media with the best reputation in Spain, corresponding to the two samples analyzed.

Resumen
Se han llevado a cabo dos estudios, uno cualitativo y otro cuantitativo, con dos muestras en cada uno. Cada muestra se diferenciaba por el grado de conocimiento del desempeño de los medios de comunicación –población informada y profesionales de la comunicación–. Se realiza un análisis cuantitativo de la reputación de los medios de comunicación de España, a partir de un análisis cualitativo de la realidad profesional y empresarial de los medios españoles con mejor reputación. Se concluye que existe un amplio consenso en que no existe confianza en los medios de comunicación al considerar que la información que difunden está manipulada. La credibilidad de un medio tiene una alta correlación con su trayectoria –algo coherente con la teoría de la reputación–, pues la reputación necesita tiempo para consolidarse como un valor estable. Se valora la reputación de cada tipo de medio –prensa en papel, prensa digital, radio y televisión–. Se incluyen dos rankings con los 16 medios con mejor reputación en España, correspondientes a las dos muestras citadas.
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome Associated with Docetaxel: A Case Report
Authors: Allos Beshar , Short Andrew , Borg Anton , Allos Beshar , Walji Nawaz , Dunn Verity
Published: July 2020

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) has no recognised association with single-agent docetaxel. We
present the first documented case of HUS associated with docetaxel in a patient receiving adjuvant
chemotherapy for early breast cancer. A previously fit 49-year-old presented nineteen days post final cycle
of docetaxel (100 mg/m2
) with general malaise, epistaxis and decreased urine output. Baseline bloods
revealed haemoglobin (53 g/L), urea (45.2 mmol/L), creatinine (1706 µmol/L) and LDH (2140 IU/L).
Tumor lysis syndrome was excluded on further biochemical analysis. Blood film analysis demonstrated
evidence of acanthocytes, anisocytosis and red cell fragments. Septic, viral and autoimmune screens were
negative. There was clear evidence of microangiopathic haemolysis alongside renal dysfunction. She
required dialysis, plasma exchanges and blood transfusions. Renal function and blood counts normalised
within two months post-admission due to prompt and aggressive management. HUS should be considered
in any patient receiving docetaxel who develops simultaneous acute kidney injury and severe anemia.
Ex Vivo Modelling of Therapy Efficacy for Rare Krukenberg Tumors – A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Rantala Juha K. , Arjonen Antti , Hakkarainen Heikki , Kononen Juha , Rantala Juha K. , Hollmén Maija , Mäkelä Rami , Virtakoivu Reetta , Kuopio Teijo , Härmä Ville
Published: July 2020

Krukenberg tumor (KT) is a rare subtype of ovarian neoplasms that manifests as secondary ovarian cancer.
Most frequently, KTs originate from a primary in the gastrointestinal tract and account for 30 to 40% of all
secondary ovarian cancers. A key histologic characteristic finding used in the diagnosis of KT is the
presence of mucin-laden signet-ring cells. Bilateral metastasis into both ovaries has been reported in more
than 80% of KTs, and a significant fraction of these cases are reported to receive no survival benefit from
chemotherapy. Despite clinical evaluation of several chemotherapeutic treatments for the management of
KT, the general prognosis of the disease is poor and radical surgery remains the main treatment shown to
improve the overall survival. As no targeted therapies have been reported for KT, we performed an ex vivo
drug screen to assess the efficacy of targeted therapeutics with patient-derived Krukenberg tumor cells.
Tumor cells isolated from a coarse needle biopsy and tumor-associated immune cells derived from
malignant ascites effusion from two patients with a gastric cancer derived KT were used for the analysis of
responses to 120 drugs. A comparison of the results showed that tumor cells from both patients showed
systematic sensitivity toward topoisomerase inhibition, epigenetic modulators, statins and alkaloid tubulin
inhibitors. Ascites-derived immune cells displayed selective sensitivity to a number of targeted agents,
including VEGFR inhibitor sunitinib. Flow cytometry analysis identified the effect of sunitinib to be
immunomodulatory and targeted on the immunosuppressive M2 type macrophages. The
immunomodulatory effect of sunitinib was confirmed from analysis of the patient ascites following
treatment and was accompanied by sustained clinical response. These results support the concept of
harnessing the immunomodulatory effects of VEGFR-TKI for cancer therapy and suggest further analysis
also in the context of Krukenberg tumors.
A Child with Primary Leptomeningeal Melanoma
Authors: Dutra Álvaro Pimenta , Dutra Álvaro Pimenta , Tolentino de Rezende Angelo Raphael , Morato Eric Grossi , Fonseca Luiz Fernando , Pitangui Marcos Grijo , de Melo Renato Pacheco
Published: July 2020

Primary malignant melanoma of the meninges is an exceedingly rare neoplasm. Usually its symptoms
include raised intracraneal pressure resulting from hydrocephalus seconday to tumoral obliteration of
cisternal basal cisterns, but the passage of time from initial symptomalogy to diagnosis is frequently delayed.
A 12-year-old male with primary letomeningeal melanoma is reported. At the beginning, he presented with
vomiting, headache, complex seizures, fever four months before the admission in the hospital where
progressive loss of consciouness after admission. Lumbar puncture reveled high protein level, normal
glucose level and 50 leucocytes/mm3 with 86% polymorphic cells. Magnetic ressonance imaging of the
brain was referred and in T1-weighted images revealed a diffuse enhancement of the leptomeninges on right
frontal cortical. An open brain biopsy trough was performed, after exclusion of the infectious nervous
system disease. Histological examination revealed massive infiltration of meninges with brown tumor cells.
These cells stained positive for HMB-45, S-100 protein and vimentin. The patient received post operative
radiation therapy, but died after three months of the diagnosis with septic shock and epileptical status
Evaluation of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Method for the Detection of Salmonella spp. in Terms of Sensitivity and Applicability
Authors: Liu Yanhong , Wang Deguo , Zhang Meng , Liu Yanhong , Wang Yongzhen
Published: July 2020

Salmonella spp. are important food-borne pathogens that can cause diseases in humans. Many detection
methods have been established in Salmonella spp. using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)
or reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP). The detection limits of these
assays varied from 1 CFU/reaction to 104 CFU/reaction, from 100 fg genomic DNA/reaction to 10 pg
genomic DNA/reaction, or from 2.0×101 CFU/mL to 107 CFU/mL for food samples. In this study, LAMP
assays were developed using genomic DNA for the detection of Salmonella spp. Two sets of LAMP primers
were designed using the invA gene and the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region (ITS) of S. enterica as
the target sequences for two LAMP assays. The detection limits of the two methods were respectively 20
pg S. enterica DNA/reaction and 10 pg S. enterica DNA/reaction at the optimized temperature, and the
LAMP methods were of high repeatability and specificity for S. enterica detection. This study provides a
baseline for the application of LAMP for the detection of food-borne pathogenic bacteria.
Necrosis of Tongue: A Sequela of Complications in Organophosphate Poisoning
Authors: Mohammed Irfan , Mohammed Irfan , Sanadi Sajid A.
Published: July 2020

Organophosphate compounds are mainly used in the agriculture and domestic pesticides. The widespread
availability of these pesticides results in the inadvertent usage leading to the main agent used in suicide
attempts in the developing countries. The severity of the poisoning greatly depends on the type of exposure,
quantity and the product. They can cause life threatening complications mainly by the respiratory depression
leading to coma and death. Early identification and appropriate management enable to reduce the morbidity
and mortality. Atropine, oximes, intravenous fluids are administered for the successful management. A
detailed medline search of the associated complications, although rare, necrosis of tongue is reported in only
one case associated with organophosphate poisoning. The etiological factors were not mentioned in the
found literature. In this case report, we discuss the sequela of complications associated with the acute
poisoning cases and the role of maxillofacial surgeons in the management.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN SISWA MENGERJAKAN SOAL MATEMATIKA MODEL PISA MENGGUNAKAN KONTEKS JUMLAH PENDUDUK
Authors: Vebrian Rajab , Putra Yudi Yunika
Published: July 2020

PISA is one of the world-class studies that assess the mathematical, scientific and linguistic abilities of 15-year-old students. Indonesia ranked 63 out of 70 countries in 2015. The average score of Indonesian students 'math abilities is below the average score of their students' international math abilities. In fact, aspects of developing the mathematical abilities of Indonesian students in SMP/MTs have been arranged in the objectives of the subjects. The purpose of this study is to find out and identify the errors of students working on PISA mathematical problems using the context of the population. The method used is descriptive qualitative research method. The results showed that students misinterpreted and reasoned in solving PISA mathematical problems using the context of the population.
PELATIHAN LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM-SCHOOLOGY BAGI GURU MGMP MATEMATIKA SMA/SMK KABUPATEN MUSI RAWAS
Authors: Friansah Drajat , Yanto Yufitri
Published: July 2020

Pelatihan pemanfaatan e-learning menggunakan learning management system-schoology ini bertujuan untuk melatih ketrampilan guru matematika SMA Kabupaten Musi Rawas dalam menggunakan media pembelajaran internet berbasis Learning Management System menggunakan aplikasi web Schoology untuk membantu proses pembelajaran matematika. e-learning di internet dapat membantu guru mendistribusikan materi kepada siswa dengan melakukan interaksi secara online. Hal ini dapat memudahkan guru menyampaikan semua materi, latihan soal hingga evaluasi yang biasanya dilakukan di kelas dalam bentuk file yang bisa diakses oleh siswa melalui berbagai perangkat termasuk handphone di luar pembelajaran tatap muka. Kegiatan pelatihan Learning Management System-Schoology bagi guru MGMP Matematika SMA Kabupaten Musi Rawas meliputi tahap: 1) sosialisasi materi LMS-Schoology 2) pelatihan, 3) diskusi, dan 4) tahap evaluasi akhir dan pemberian angket untuk mengetahui respon guru berkaitan dengan kegiatan pelatihan LMS-Schoology. Hasil dari respon guru terhadap kegiatan pelatihan dalam upaya meningkatkan ketrampilan merancang dan menggunakan teknologi dan informasi dalam pembelajaran matematika yaitu 62% guru menjawab sangat setuju, 38% guru menjawab setuju. Pendampingan ini diharapkan memberikan nilai tambah ilmu bagi guru dan menghasilkan produk pembelajaran berbasis e-learning yang bisa dilaksanakan dengan mudah dan juga bisa diakses kapanpun serta dilakukan dimana saja.
PERAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MEMBANGUN BUDAYA ORGANISASI DI SMP NEGERI PULAU LEBAR MUSI RAWAS UTARA
Authors: Sutarsih Siti
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze what efforts were made by school principals in fostering organizational culture and teacher performance in learning. This research is a qualitative research with data collection techniques, through observation, interviews and documentation. This research was carried out in Pulau Lebar State Junior High School. The analysis technique used in this study uses descriptive analytic techniques. The results showed (1) Organizational culture in Pulau Lebar State Junior High School in several school activities, family atmosphere, and role models given by the school principal; (2) The principal's efforts in fostering cultural organizations are carried out in two ways, namely the way the principal is shown with the role and responsibility as a leader, and through self-development activities for students. (3) Principal's techniques for improving teacher performance in high-level learning, private meetings, teacher council meetings, work group meetings, and teacher training and coaching.