bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regional Bouguer anomaly gravity data: 3-D modelling of subsurface structures of the Flores and Timor earthquake risk area
Authors: Minarto Eko , Santosa B J , Faridawati  , Azhari N Y , Widihartanti T , Titi Y L A
Published: April 2021

Regional anomaly gravity data are very useful for determining deep subsurface structures due correspond deep surface anomalies. This research aims at analyzing qualitatively to map the gravity anomaly of the island of Flores, modelling shallow surfaces, and interpret surface structures based on the gravity anomalies. In this research, the gravity method used was the secondary gravity data from the Bureau Gravimetric International (BGI) that would be applied using Upward Continuation techniques to interpret deep surfaces for 3D modelling of earthquake risk areas on the islands of Flores and Timor. The modelling was performed by an inversion technique applying the method of singular value decomposition (SVD) and Occam inversion. The result showed that the subsurface structure of the volcano area of the Flores island consists of sandstone, breccia, and andesite with density values of 2.42 g/cm3 - 2.62 g/cm3 and basaltic and lava with density values of 2.65 g/cm3 - 3.24 g/cm3. The most dominating rock in the study area was basaltic rocks with the average density of 2.73 g/cm3. Based on 3D models of regional Bouguer gravity anomalies, the Flores back arc fault was estimated at a depth of 30 km, the thickness of the earth’s crust in the Flores back arc fault zone was estimated to be up to 30 km while the thickness of the earth’s crust in the fore arc was estimated to be more than 60 km. The existence of magma chamber in the volcanic arc of Flores island was estimated at depth of 30 km in accordance with to the seismicity map Flores and Timor areas.
How is the serological diagnosis of hepatitis B and C in Brazil?
Authors: Folgueras-Flatschart A.V. , Pessoa M. C. F. , Flatschart R.B.
Published: April 2021

Hepatitis B and C are a serious public health problem that can be chronic and lead to cirrhosis or cancer. Their accurate diagnosis are important to allow proper treatment. In this work we seek, through analysis of data from Proficiency Testing rounds, to understand the performance of laboratories their serological tests. Considering the final interpretation of quantitative and qualitative assays, we observed at least 95% agreement on the results obtained in relation to those expected by the provider. This rate was higher in antibody detection assays, with a slight tendency to increased agreement and decreased dispersion over the period.
The primary measurement standard of ultrasonic power and radiation conductance at Inmetro
Authors: Alvarenga Andre V , Costa-Felix Rodrigo P B
Published: April 2021

In this work, the results of the measurement of the radiation conductance performed in the ultrasonic power measurement system of the Laboratory of Ultrasound (Labus) of Inmetro are presented. According to IEC 61161:2013, the Labus / Inmetro measurement system is considered a “primary measurement setup” since it took part in the BIPM Key Comparison CCAUV.U-K3.1, achieving satisfactory results. The measurements were carried out based on the primary measurement procedure for the determination of the radiation conductance, and the new results were compared with those previously obtained on the occasion of Key Comparison.
Comparison of calibration of surface contamination monitors with Brazilian Network – 2018/2019
Authors: Cabral TS , Laranjeira A S , Potiens MPA , Soares CMA , Khoury H , Saito V , David M. , Vidal L.C. , Pires MA
Published: April 2021

This work reports the results obtained from the comparison involving 7 laboratories in Brazil. This exercise is about the calibration service of surface contamination monitors. The monitor has been calibrated to BS ISO 7503-3, the calibration factor in terms of surface emission rate. The comparison was conducted by the Brazilian National Laboratory of Ionizing Radiation Metrology (LNMRI / IRD) from October 2018 to July 2019. The extensive sources used were 14C, 137Cs, 60Co, 90Sr/90Y, 36Cl and 241Am. The result of this proficiency test was excellent and proved the calibration capacity of the Brazilian network in the calibration service for surface contamination monitors.
Dosimetric characterization of 3D printed for 137Cs gamma rays
Authors: Almeida J.S. , Villani D. , Potiens M.P.A. , Willegaigon J
Published: April 2021

The aim this paper is characterize materials for 3D printed with different infill percentages for 137Cs gamma rays. The RAISE 3D PRO2 printer was used to print PLA and ABS plates. Using a 137Cs source, the attenuation coefficient was obtained by the transmission method and results compared with PMMA. The readings were performed by a Radcal ionization chamber, model 10X6-6. The results of attenuation coefficients show that the PLA filament demonstrated a equivalent behavior to PMMA. The PLA plates exhibits an increase in radiation transmission when reduces the infilling, and ABS printing achieved same results for all infills.
Quality control measurements for mobile X-ray unit through a solid state detector
Authors: Silva Gustavo Bernardes da , Mariotti Vinicius , Peixoto Matheus Silveira de Almeida , Pianoschi Thatiane , Alva-S´anchez Mirko S.
Published: April 2021

The tests of quality control for equipments used in radiology departments are essential both functionality of the equipment and for accuracy dose in the patient. The mobile digital x-ray equipment has as one of its main benefits its mobility, which allows the carrying out of examinations in the patient’s bed that has certain physical limitations. It should be taken into account, however, that hospital beds were not normally designed with the necessary details to protect the radiological environment from where radiography procedures are performed. Therefore, the need for an efficient quality control of the equipment is justified, the preliminary measurements of the present work were based on ANVISA’s guide 453 from Brazil, regarding conventional radiography equipment. Thus, some quality control tests were determined using the solid state dosimeter. For the accomplishment of this study, the tests of tube voltage accuracy and reproducibility, half valuelayer (HVL) and effective energy, air kerma and air kerma rate were performed, with their associated errors calculated. The tests were performed with the aid of the black piranha apparatus to obtain the values of tension, dose and HVL. The obtained results from the performance of each test showed that all are in agreement withthe ANVISA’s guide 453 recommendation, and could be applied in a possible development of a quality control guide specific to the characteristics of a mobile radiograph.
Response of luminance meters used for radiodiagnostic applications
Authors: Garcia I , Navarro M , Macêdo E , Jesus D , Leite H
Published: April 2021

The objective of this work was to study the responses of the different luminance meters for a range of applications, with the purpose of quality control in radiodiagnosis (170 a 3500 cd/m2 with white light source). Materials and methods: Were evaluated the calibration factors of 48 luminance meters, distributed in 10 different models for the point of 1000 cd/m2 in 5500K. Results: The sample mean values of Piranha - 657 light probe, Ray Safe - Xi and X2 and Unfors - Light-O-Meter P10 meters, presented greater accuracy (spectral sensitivity f1 < 3% and total error fges < 7,5%, according to the classification of DIN 5032-7 standard) and the sample of Fluke/Nuclear of Associates - 07-621 presented a difference of 34.6% in relation to the reference value with statistical significance. Conclusion: This study showed that for 48 equipments studied, the mean values of the calibration factors of 6 of the 10 models evaluated (which represents 62.4% of the total number of the sample) are convergent to the corrected reference value and/or within the range of ± 4.5% of uncertainty.
Evaluation of the influence on the variation of the mixture of sand, cement and barium sulphate in the ionizing radiation attenuation result
Authors: Sousa CHS , Vasconcelos RM , Araújo GS , Filho LGP , Azevedo RG , Balthar MCV , Silva AC , Peixoto JGP
Published: April 2021

Barred mortar is widely used as attenuating barriers for its ease of application and efficiency in attenuating photons. This work presents the evaluation of four different mixtures, aiming at the best use of the product, ensuring the specifications of the barrier thickness required for radioprotection, as well as determining the value of the semiconductor layers of the different traces and attenuation curves. Four molds with different percentages of sand, cement and barite were manipulated. They are then exposed to 70 kVp and 120 kVp X-ray beams, and the air kerma (k) is measured. These values were compared with the specifications for semiconductor and decoder layers by checking the influence of each component of the composition. In conclusion, the physical characteristics of the tests are presented, proving that the handling of the mortar trace does not compromise the safety of the radiative installation.
A leapfrogging technique to materialize long traceable reference distances for EDM calibration
Authors: Savedra Junior G C , Porath M C , Eger J S
Published: April 2021

Periodic calibration of electronic distance meters is required to assess measurement errors and ensure metrological traceability. The high cost of reference measurement systems has been a barrier for the broader availability of calibration services. A method based on a short length standard and a leapfrogging technique to materialize traceable reference distances is proposed. A 50 m distance could be materialized with an expanded uncertainty of 0.0028 m using a simple prototype. Improving the mechanical design of the prototype may reduce uncertainty significantly.
Automatic calibration with character recognition software
Authors: Taccola G M , Saita M T
Published: April 2021

This work presents the development and implementation of a character recognition software of digital displays with serial communication for the automation of the readings, registry and transcription of measurement instrument’s indications during calibrations. The software proved to be flexible, allowing calibrations with automatic registry, reducing transcription errors, improving the work conditions and organizing the registers, besides allow remote calibrations.
Evaluation of the impact of initial temperature of the constant volume combustion chamber on a determination of ignition delay of N-heptane
Authors: Lima Monizi C. , Oliveira Jackson S. , Nunes Carlos S. , Simões Paulo L. F. , Couto Paulo Roberto. G. , Magalhaes Marcelo Ricardo , Silva Walmir Sergio da , Siqueira José Gabriel S.A. , Batista Luciano N.
Published: April 2021

Several methods have been applied to determine the ignition delays as so the cetane number of fuels including the shock tube, rapid machine compression (RMC), Cooperative Fuel Research (CFR). In the last decades, the constant-volume combustion chamber system designed to measure ignition delay of low-volatility fuels were developed. The purpose of this article was analysed the behavior of the combustion and ignition delay of the n-heptane obtained in Fuel Ignition Tester (FIT). The N-heptane is the primary reference fuel for determination of ignition delays. The preliminary results are important because small temperature changes can generate wrong results of ignition delay.
Automatic system for locating magnetic foreign bodies using GMI magnetometer
Authors: de Oliveira Bryan R. C. , Louzada Daniel R. , Monteiro Elisabeth Costa , Hall Barbosa Carlos R.
Published: April 2021

The development of systems capable of characterizing the positioning and inclination of metallic objects inside the human body is seen with great interest by health professionals who are responsible for their extraction. A surgical procedure can be shortened from a few hours to minutes with a system that provides accurate positioning data. Thus, the present work aims at the construction of a measurement system of magnetic fields originated by ferromagnetic objects, based on magnetoimpedance (GMI) sensors. The developed system is capable of positioning a ferromagnetic object to be measured with 5 degrees of freedom, being 3 linear (X, Y, Z) and 2 angular (θ, Φ), and measure the magnetic flux density of this source in an automated way. Three tests were performed with a steel needle, varying the angles of inclination to the measurement plane (θ) and rotation angles in the same plane (Φ). The obtained results yieded records of the magnetic patterns formed by the needle, which can be later processed in order to create a localization software.
Electromagnetic Interference assessment of small electronic devices with a TEM cell
Authors: Angelo J H , Dias M S , Pereira Filho M L , Junior A F G F , Janiszewski J M
Published: April 2021

Electromagnetic Compatibility deserves an increasing interest because as modern industry 4.0 searches for better results in productivity and efficiency, it is expected the presence of an increasingly number of more complex electronic devices, including portable devices. This paper shows how a TEM cell allows analyzing the effects of Electromagnetic Interference, in an easy way and at small cost, during the development phase of the product.
Improvements in AC-DC voltage transfer at Inmetro
Authors: Geronymo Gean Marcos
Published: April 2021

In this paper we present the development of a second set of thermal converters, coaxial resistors and micropotentiometers, used as standard for AC-DC voltage transfer. The new set was fully characterized for AC-DC voltage transfer by step-up and step-down procedures, starting from one PTB calibrated thermal converter. An internal comparison was made between this new set of standards and the main set of standards and the results obtained are consistent.
High pollutant levels of produced water around Al-Ahdab oil field in Wasit governorate (Iraq)
Authors: Hammod N M , Al-Janabi K W S. , Hasan S A , Al-Garawi Z S.
Published: April 2021

Exploration activities of the oil and gas industry generate loads of formation water called produced water (PW) up to thousands of tons each day. Depending on the geographic area, formation depth, oil production techniques, and age of oil supply wells, PW from different oil fields contain different chemical compositions. Currently, PW is also known as industrial waste water containing heavy metals that are toxic to humans and the environment, requiring special processing so that they can be disposed of in the environment. To determine the heavy metals content in PW from the Al-Ahdab oil field (AOF), the Ministry of Science and Technology/Agricultural Research Department determined some parameters including the concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Pd, and Ni using instrument inductively couple plasma (ICP-OES). Results of this study showed high concentrations of Cd (0.51-2.05, Cr (0.06-1.81), Co (0.11-0.72), Ni (0.12-0.22) and Pb (5.52-20.6) in the AOF compared to concentrations in water bodies about 16 km outside the field; Cd (0.01-0.32), Cr (0.01-0.11), Co (0.03-0.18), Ni (0.02-0.11) and Pb (0.04-1.73). These findings indicate there are increased levels of pollutants in the PW within the AOF of the Main Outfall Drain (MOD). The PW could not be as a source of drinking water and other daily activities, including fisheries and crop planting, unless advanced treatment, to remove the heavy metal content.
Synthesis, identification of some new derivatives of 4-amino antipyrine bearing six and seven membered rings
Authors: Alsahib S A , Baqer S R
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we consider the Synthesis of a series of various 4-amino antipyrine derivatives containing 1,3-thiazinan-4-one, 1,3-oxazinan-6-one, and 1,3-oxazepin-4,7-dione in its structure. These derivatives were obtainedviacycloaddition of the methenamine group in Schiff base analog of 4-amino antipyrine with 3-mercaptopropanoic acid, 3-chloropropanoic acid, maleic and citraconic anhydride, respectively. The Schiff bases were prepared in excellent yields by condensation of 4-amino antipyrine with 3-nitro- or 3-bromobenzaldehyde inn-butanol. We characterize the desired products by C.H.N.S analysis, FT-IR, and 1HNMR spectroscopy.
Bioaccumulation of (Ni, Cd, Pb, Cr, Hg, and Co) from Al-Rustomia wastewater using A. filiculoids
Authors: Rezooqi A M , Atiyah A H , Mugheir H S , Mouhamad S R S
Published: April 2021

This study was conducted to apply phytoremediation technology in removing pollutants from wastewater in an attempt to use it as a tool in the subsequent reuse of the produced water. This technology considered one of the promising technologies, as it is environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and not selective of removing pollutants. The experiment was conducted in Al-Twitha location (IAEE). Six glass tubs with (30×30×30) cm dimension and 27 L capacity each of which were filled with sewage water that brought from Al-Rustomia sewage plant after primary treatment stage bowl. The other three (control) were filled with tap water, 100g of Azolla which brought from Al-Chibayish Marsh in the south of Iraq, was equally distributed into six tubs, after 28 days the plants were harvested. the results of accumulated minerals showed a high accumulation of (Ni, Cd, Pb, Cr, Hg, Co) and they were (60, 57, 24, 74, 9, 63) % respectively over the first couple of weeks. while in the next two weeks, minerals accumulation were (172, 73, 65, 126, 36, 97) % respectively. The results showed that the
A. filiculoids
can reduce the amounts of accumulated heavy metals from Al-Rustomya wastewater.
Used central composite chemometric method to adsorption gentian violet dye by nano activated charcoal
Authors: Halboos M H , Hussein B J , Sayhood A A
Published: April 2021

In this paper; a modern method was used to remove the Gentian violet dye (GV) from its aqueous solutions by chemometric separation. The Nano charcoal activated (NCA) was used to remove the GV, and the factors affecting the adsorption process were studied simultaneously to reduce the number of experiments followed and to rely on a central composite design which type CCD and the method of response surface by used STATISTICA 12 program. That gives the relationship between all the variables simultaneously. It was found that, the optimum removal efficiency reached 98.042% and it was obtained under the following conditions; The initial concentration of (GV) 12.086 mg/L, Amount of Nano charcoal activated 0.371 g, pH 7.567, Shaking time 22.934 min, and Temperature 312.092 K.
Studies the interactions of ascorbic acid isoforms with a simple model of DPPC monolayer as a biomimetic membrane by Langmuir-Blodgett technique
Authors: Qassime M M , Mohammed M T , Travkova O G , Glukhovskoy E G
Published: April 2021

There is ongoing interest motivated by the desire regarding monolayer to understand the nature of interaction forces within oriented structures. Monolayer of phospholipids dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine DPPC were examined mainly because they are accepted as membrane model system and can offer a stable frame to investigate the interactions of various biomolecules and biomaterial compounds with the lipid membrane. Identifying the monolayer behavior in the presence of ascorbic acid (AscA) isoforms and if this isoforms could alter packing and organizing the thin film. By Langmuir-Blodgett technique, the DPPC monolayer were studied in absence and presence of (Conc.: 10−3M, 10−2M and 10−1M) L- and D- AscA isoforms in water (subphase) at temperatures 25, 37 and 41°C and fixed pH=7. It’s ascertained in this study that, the subphase with L- and D-AscA addition created a fixed monolayer at 25°C, while at high temperature 41°C causes alteration in DPPC monolayer to somewhat less densely pack especially L-AscA this is for instance disclosed by left-area shifted of the DPPC monolayer curve shape. The Langmuir monolayer studies revealed that AscA isoforms interrupt the DPPC monolayer during its formation, leads to make the variations in such monolayers properties. This work demonstrates that AscA addition in subphase has applied promising significant disturbing in monolayer play an essential role in biomimetic membrane.
Evaluation of Liver Function and Lipid profiles in Iraqi patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Khadim R M , Al-Fartusie F S
Published: April 2021

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease with a destructive pattern that affects the joints. It affects the synovial lining tissue of the joints. Females develop rheumatoid arthritis at a higher risk than males. The main treatment for rheumatoid arthritis is disease-modifying anti-rheumatic agents (DMARD) such as methotrexate (MTX) and Etanercept. In this study, ESR, CRP, liver function enzymes, renal function tests and lipid profile were evaluated for rheumatoid arthritis patients. The study includes 120 female patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 60 healthy individuals as a control group with an age range between (20-60) years. The obtained results indicated a significant increase in ESR, CRP activity (p <0.01) in patients compared to the control values. The results also indicated a substantial increase in liver enzymes activity, renal function and lipid profile parameters in rheumatoid arthritis compared to the control values. In conclusion, it appears that DMARD treatment such as methotrexate may be the cause of many complications such as renal impairment. On this basis, we can suggest lowering the weekly dose of methotrexate to patients when effects on liver enzymes activity, renal function, lipid profiles and/or changing treatment when MTX is no longer beneficial.
Evaluation of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc levels and studying their toxic effect in sera of private electrical generator workers
Authors: Al_Saadi M R , Al-Fartusie F S , Thani M Z
Published: April 2021

According to the electricity crisis in Iraq since 1991, private electrical generators have installed randomly in nearly every neighbourhoods of all Iraqi cities. This represents a dangerous and uncontrollable environment that may lead to an environmental disaster. The aim of this work is to assess the serum levels of certain elements including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn) and Copper (Cu) and their health effect. This study included individuals working with electrical generators (n=60) and healthy (n=60) as control group, their ages ranged from 18 to 45 years. The obtained results indicate a significant increase (p <0.01) in the Pb, Cd, Cu levels and Cu/Zn ratio, in contrast to the significant decrease in the Zn level of the workers who exposed to the generator’s diesel exhaust fumes compared to the control group. A number of health issues such as allergies, shortness of breath, eye irritation, colds and some other respiratory problems were also recorded for exposed workers. From these results it can be concluded that direct exposure to the exhaust fumes of private generators could lead to heavy metals poisoning, especially Pb and Cd, which can lead to serious health consequences in particularly, the workers with long-term exposure. In addition, it can lead to an increased oxidative stress disorders that caused by disturbances in Cu and Zn levels.
Polyaniline doping with nanoparticles: A review on the potential of electrical properties
Authors: Al-Obaidi N S , Al-Garawi Z S , Al-Mahdawi A S
Published: April 2021

During this decade, there is a growing interest of the conducting polymers owing to their exceptional and outstanding electrical properties which makes them potentially applicable in a wide range such as electrochromic displays electronic devices, modified electrodes, chemical and bio-sensors. Here we aimed to examine the reported polyaniline doping (PANI) with graphene oxide (GO) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) by insitu polymerization. The molecular structure of PANI and its composites was characterized using FTIR, X-ray diffraction and their morphologies described by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Previous results showed that the strength of composite peaks was higher than pure PANI due to charge transfer between PANI and graphic allotropes, and the aniline molecules have been physically adsorbed and polymerized on the surface of GO and CNT due to the interaction of p – p * electron. PANI describes a multi-diameter external layer of composites depending on the PANI degree of deposition, where the core GO and CNT participate. The conductivity calculation explained that 0.1 wt % of PANI with CO matrix has conductivity 17 folds higher than that without GO.
A Review on nanoparticles as a promising approach to improving diabetes mellitus
Authors: Alkazazz F F , Taher Z A
Published: April 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease condition that causes multiple complications in various organs such as kidney, reproductive system, and liver. It is mainly characterized by high blood glucose, insulin secretion deficiency or insulin resistance. In conventional diabetes, medications of insulin production and increased insulin sensitivity usually cause undesirable side effects and lead to poor adherence and therapy failure. In addition to insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents, there are different healthy ways to treat diabetes. Nanoparticles (NPs) such as zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs, selenium (Se) NPs, magnesium oxide (MgO) NPs, Copper (Cu) NPs, and cerium oxide (CeO2) NPs play an important role in controlling diabetes. The results reviewed here presented antidiabetic activity of CeO2 NPs, Se NPs, ZnO NPs, Cu NPs, and MgO NPs with fewer side effects when compared to antioxidant enzymes, glucose use, or increased insulin sensitivity, as these showed complications with diabetes.
Metformin compounds: A review on the importance and the possible applications
Authors: Ismail A H , Al-Garawi Z S , Al-Shamari K , Salman A T
Published: April 2021

Metformin is a particular compound able to coordinate metal ions and form complexes with Schiff bases that have unique properties and high stability, for a wide range of applications. This review describes and discusses organic and inorganic several reactions of synthesis of metformin complexes that coordinate some metal ions such as Ni, Co, Nd, Cr, Cu. These synthesis methods of metformin complexes are shown by the published results and characterization analyses. In medicine and pharmacy, these complexes are commonly applied and have shown a positive reaction in the fields. These complexes have been recommended to lower blood glucose levels and suggested as anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-leukemia compounds, and some have been used against leukemia. It has also been documented that the addition of specific ligands to metformin has also improved metformin’s pharmacokinetic activity. Therefore, the preparation of many of the Schiff bases and complexes of metformin, such as [Nd (III) metformin Schiff Base, Co(TMP)(MET)(H2O)Cl2], [Ni(TMP)(MET)(H2O)Cl2, grapheneoxide-metformin-nickel, tetrachloro (metfo-rmin) platinum (IV) dimethyl, Cr(III)-2Mfn. HCl and others are described and discussed here. These complexes have the potential to be used for some biological activities, in addition to their potent as a catalyst of the carbon-carbon coupling reaction.
The applications of nano-medicine in the breast cancer therapy
Authors: Saeed N A , Hamzah I H , Mahmood S I
Published: April 2021

Breast cancer (BC) is the commonest malignancy in women worldwide. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with three main-receptors which is estrogen-receptor, progesterone-receptor, and human-epidermal-growth factor receptor-2, Absent hormonal-receptor in cells of breast cancer familiar to expression an aggressive phenotypes as well as increasing the metastasis that leading to develop the resistance for chemotherapies. Different types of treatment and therapies currently can stop the spreading of BC and TNBC but with side-effects for healthy cells or tissues. Nanotechnologies present many unique efficient alternatives to designs and synthesis of small-size nanomaterial which target both active and passive and can be used to attached multi-targeting moiety by controlled cellular uptakes with a minimum amount of nanometric carriers. Which are able to carry drug, tracking-probes, and ligands, designing on same pathway, which specifically targets each cell of BC on sites. Indicating the targeted deliver-system by highly functional molecules with multi specificity, tracking, diagnosing, and treating emerge as theranostic-approach. Particularly, carbon nanomaterial such as fullerenes, nanotube and graphenes, is scientific interesting regarding the chemical functions, biological and physical characteristics. The latest scientific guide offers the possibility usage of carbon nanomaterial to be a therapeutically factors, Systematic agents to control drug releasing as well as contracting factors to diagnostic the tumor. producing new potentials to developing innovatively orders to detecting BC on the beginning and treatment period. In this review, we shed the light on traditional drugs therapy, unique therapy to providing the current nanotechnology applied for approaching metastatic BC treatment and diagnosing by using carbon nanomaterials.
Development of polyaniline for sensor applications: A review
Authors: Al-Haidary Q N , Al-Mokaram A M , Hussein F M , Ismail A H
Published: April 2021

This review is focusing on the uses of polyaniline as conductive sensors over the past decade and especially for biosensors to be within easy reach. The effort of conducting polymers has been on modern reviewing literature that addressing use as a sensor. In addition, the gradual development in the literature on the evolution of polyaniline as electrical conductivity methods and sensor in the chemical or biological field according to time sequence. Numbers of potential applications and different possible uses have shown promising application for polyaniline polymers.
Promising technique, cloud point extraction: technology & applications
Authors: Al_Saadi M R , Al-Garawi Z S , Thani M Z
Published: April 2021

Assurance of analysts of various matrices (for example natural or tainted water or soils) at a standard level are often required for identifying the environmental pollution. A couple of used systematic methods are delicate enough for the direct assurance of trace components in samples, therefore, a preliminary step of the analyst prior to analysis is consuming much of the time. One of the best alternative methods that uses surfactant to extract organic/inorganic parts is the cloud point extraction CPE. It is a fast, easy and economical extraction technique includes assembly of monomers of nonionic surfactant to form a hydrophobic core (micelle). At that point, the micelles entangle the hydrophobic bioactive mixes inside the micellar extraction. This field of extraction is very promising for new and active analytical strategies that are applicable to many systems. This review shows the importance of CPE method, surfactants, procedures used to detect the cloud point, the effect of different parameters on the efficiency of extraction and the possible applications and limitations of the method. It aims to explore the possibility of developing CPE within the approach of green analytical chemistry.
Multi target-directed imidazole derivatives for neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Eliewi A G , Al-Garawi Z S , Al-Kazzaz F F , Atia A J K
Published: April 2021

Neurodegerative diseases NDDs, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases influence the brain tissues and cells that led to perpetual damage, reduce the quality of life and life-threating, although considerable advances in conception the mechanisms of these diseases and their pathogenesis. Thus, developing effective treatments against neurodegenerative disorders still challenging. In this regard, imidazole derivatives have showed a potential to be multi target-directed agent that has multifunctional biological activities to restrict NDDs. Imidazole is a heterocyclic compound with structural features enable different biological activities based on the substituted. This review discusses the roles of different imidazole derivatives to be candidate as a treatment of NDDs. Modification of imidazole moiety has been recognized so as favorable multi target to treat NDDs. Herein, we suggest that imidazole can be modified properly to increase its potential to be applied for pre-clinical and clinical studying of NDDs treatment.
The relationship between tunable optical absorption and SERS activity of Ag/ZnO nanocomposites
Authors: Koleva M E , Nikov Ro , Nikov Ru , Nedyalkov N N , Nuzhdin V I , Valeev V F , Rogov A M , Stepanov A L
Published: April 2021

The optical characteristics of Ag/ZnO composite nanostructures have long been of particular interest and, thus, the subject of broad experimental and theoretical studies. This work is focused on the synthesis and properties of Ag/ZnO nanocomposites and demonstrates the possibility of their application as active substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in detection of pesticides. The samples were synthesized by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of ZnO thin films, followed by Ag+-ion implantation in the ZnO matrix and by laser annealing of the heterostructures produced. The morphology and properties of the samples were studied with respect to the processing parameters. The optical absorption studies revealed the existence of tunable surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles in the ZnO matrix. Theoretical calculations of the optical properties, as extinction, absorption and scattering efficiencies, were performed based on a generalized multi-particle Mie (GMM) approach. The simulated system assumed in this comparative study consists of a surface-embedded ensemble of silver nanoparticles in a ZnO surrounding media and in air. The simulated structures were reproduced from the corresponding SEM images after laser annealing at 355 nm and 532 nm.
Nanosecond laser ablation of composite thin films in liquid
Authors: Nikov Ro , Dikovska A , Nedyalkov N , Nikova T , Karashanova D
Published: April 2021

We present a study on nanosecond laser ablation of thin composite films immersed in liquids. The composite films are obtained using a classical on-axis pulsed laser deposition technology, where the target consists of two sectors with different composition. Multicomponent films containing ZnO, TiO2, and Ag, are thus deposited on a substrate. The as-prepared composite films are then immersed in double distiled water and irradiated by nanosecond laser pulses. This results in the production of colloids composed by multicomponent nanoparticles. The optical properties of the colloids are evaluated by optical transmittance measurements in the UV-VIS spectral range. Transmission electron microscopy is used to visualize the nanostructures formed in the solution, as well as to evaluate their size distribution. The phase composition of the samples is determined by selected area electron diffraction.
Laser marking and engraving of household and industrial plastic products
Authors: Lazov L , Snikeris A , Balchev I , Teirumnieks E
Published: April 2021

Laser marking and engraving has developed in many ways into an attractive process for identifications of consumer goods made of plastic. It is a quick and inexpensive process that offers a variety of flexible options for designing identification products (barcodes, security information, codes). This report examines the possibility of marking PVC products used in the electronics industry with different colors using a CO2 laser technological system. The functional dependences of the width and depth of the marking lines on the main technological parameters – average power and processing speed, are analyzed. The analysis aims to help determine the optimal working intervals for marking and engraving by the bar coding method, as well as for the coding and reading of information on household PVC products used by visually impaired people. The analysis further aims to help determine the optimal operating intervals of speed and power when choosing a given geometry of the ablation zone in marking and engraving products for different users.
Reflectance polarization ex vivo measurements of gastrointestinal carcinoma lesions for cancer diagnostics
Authors: Ilyov S , Ivanov D , Genova Ts , Mircheva V , Zaharieva L , Kolev B , Vladimirov B , Valkov H , Mazumder N , Sindhoora K , Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya O , Avramov L , Borisova E
Published: April 2021

The use of polarized light for biomedical diagnostics of skin and mucosa has already a long history. Prior studies have shown a contrast enhancement of the polarimetric values and in images of cancerous and healthy zones tissues. In the present study, reflectance-geometry polarization measurements were made with gastrointestinal tissue (GIT) samples containing normal and neoplastic mucosa. We investigated ex vivo the characteristic differences in the polarimetric parameters, including Stokes vector elements, degree of polarization, azimuth and ellipticity angles of cancerous and healthy colorectal tissues. A model PAX1000VIS/M polarimeter (400 – 700 nm, ThorLabs Inc.) was used in reflectance mode to obtain information about these polarimetric parameters of the GIT samples investigated. The most significant differences were observed in the long-wavelength region (>600 nm) in the case of circular polarization of the illuminating and probe axes of the measurement unit. Histological analysis was used as a “gold standard” to compare the optical and pathological diagnosis.
Energy exchange during third harmonic generation in multi-mode optical fibers
Authors: Kasapeteva Z , Dakova A , Slavchev V , Dakova D , Kovachev L , Kovachev K
Published: April 2021

In this paper, analytical solutions in the form of Jacoby functions are found for the first time of the nonlinear set of short-cut equations describing the generation of third harmonics. Additionally, the short-cut equations are extended to a set of equations, where the influences of self-phase modulation and cross-phase modulation on the process of third harmonics generation is taken into account. This nonlinear set correctly describes the processes of energy exchange between two laser beams propagating in multi-mode fibers. We solved this new set and the solutions are again in the form of Jacobi functions. The difference is in the elliptical period present in the new set, where the influence of the intensities of both waves is significant. The three nonlinear processes work simultaneously in cubic media. Thus, the new set of equations describes more precisely the period of energy transfer in the process of third harmonic generation.
Electrical contact resistance of tungsten coatings deposited on Cu and Al conductors
Authors: Kotlarski G , Valkov S , Andreeva A , Mateev V , Marinova I , Petrov P
Published: April 2021

In this work we study the effects of W coatings on the electrical contact resistance of Cu and Al conductors. The coatings were deposited by means of electron beam evaporation in a vacuum environment. The structure of the obtained samples was analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the surface roughness was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The electrical contact resistance hysteresis of the W coatings and the base Al and Cu conductors is measured and analysed. The results obtained in this study are discussed concerning the possible applications of the coatings in the field of electrical engineering.
Research on Location of Cold Chain Logistics Distribution Center with Low Carbon in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area on the Basis of RNA-Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Liyi , Fu Mingyue , Fei Teng
Published: April 2021

In order to improve the existing problems of the artificial fish swarm algorithm, the fish swarm algorithm is improved by using the characteristics of RNA computing, and the RNA-artificial fish swarm algorithm is proposed. Since cold-chain food has the characteristics of perishable quality and can generate a large number of carbon emissions during its transportation, this paper establishes a model for optimizing cold chain low carbon logistics location in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area, including factors such as food spoilage, refrigeration and carbon emissions. The logistics location optimization model is solved 30 times with the basic fish swarm algorithm and the RNA-artificial fish swarm algorithm respectively. The simulation results prove the effectiveness of the RNA-artificial fish swarm algorithm.
Overview of Randomness Test on Cryptographic Algorithms
Authors: Mengdi Zhang , Xiaojuan Zhang , Yayun Zhu , Siwei Miao
Published: April 2021

Randomness is an important research topic in the field of information security, especially in cryptography. Randomness test techniques are used to examine the quality of random numbers so that they meet the requirements of the application. The randomness of cryptographic algorithms is one of the key concerns in the algorithm design. People have put forward different standards and test requirements for the randomness of cryptographic algorithms, as well as developed corresponding randomness test kits. This paper analyzes the randomness test technologies of cryptographic algorithms and the general randomness test methods, and compares them on this basis. At the end, the actual application scenarios to apply these randomness test methods are discussed.
Making BBS-Net More Efficiency for RGB-D Salient Object Detection
Authors: Liu Qiaoling , Guo Xiaoying , Li Yongquan , Xu Yan
Published: April 2021

BBS-Net is a novel bifurcated backbone strategy network based on cascaded refinement, which achieves the most advanced performance in RGB-D salient object detection models. However, the performance of the model in multi-scale feature extraction and depth feature enhancement is not strong enough, and the generated saliency maps contain a lot of background distraction and blurred edges. In this paper, based on BBS-Net framework, we adopt more effective feature extraction network and depth feature enhancement module. Specifically, 1) Use the Res2Net-50 structure that constructs hierarchical residual-like connections within a single residual block as a feature extraction network; 2) Use ECA module as channel attention to extract depth information and enhance cross-modal compatibility. The comprehensive experiments of our method on 6 datasets show that it outperforms the original BBS-Net and 7 current state-of-the-art methods in 4 evaluation metrics.
Application of Particle Swarm Optimization on Reliability Sampling Inspection Program for Success or Failure Product
Authors: Xiong Yuanbo , Cheng Nuo , Liu Yunzi
Published: April 2021

Reliability sampling inspection program for success or failure product is an intractable problem in the reliability test field. Meta-heuristic algorithm provides a new idea to solve the problem. Particle swarm algorithm is a new meta-heuristic algorithm in recent years, which has been widely used in many fields because of its simplicity but efficiency. In this paper, a reliability sampling inspection program model is developed to minimize the distance of risk. In addition, the mechanism of the particle swarm algorithm is expounded, and a case study reveals that the method in this paper is feasible and effective.
Application of WNN-GNN-SVM combined algorithm to time series analysis of SF6 decomposed gas signal detected by photoacoustic spectroscopy
Authors: Shiling Zhang , Yaling Yu , Baojia Deng
Published: April 2021

This paper first analyzes the principle of the photoacoustic spectroscopy detection technology, gives the absorption wavelength and the absorption line intensity of typical SF6 decomposition gas, and establishes the original database of the photoacoustic spectroscopy combined with the existing experimental platform. Furthermore, the principle of WNN-GNN-SVM combined algorithm and its construction method model are proposed, and the combined algorithm is applied to fit and predict the time series curve of sulfur hexafluoride characteristic decomposition gas with 6 peaks. The results show that the photoacoustic spectrum detection technology can effectively obtain the time series of typical sulfur hexafluoride decomposition gas, such as SO2F2, H2S, COS and CS2, and the WNN-GNN-SVM combination algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively select key points of sulfur hexafluoride decomposition gas characteristic peak for the multi spline curve quantitative fitting, and reasonably predict its change trend. In this paper, the optical detection method for typical decomposition gas of sulfur hexafluoride is effectively proposed, and the fitting and prediction post-processing method of the original data is given based on the detection results. The research results of this paper have good engineering application and theoretical research value for the detection and evaluation of the operation state of sulfur hexafluoride gas insulated power equipment.
Robot path planning based on improved sparrow algorithm
Authors: Li Jun
Published: April 2021

Robot path planning is currently a research hotspot. To overcome the shortcomings of the traditional raster method, an improved sparrow search algorithm is proposed for path planning in the raster. On the basis of the new sparrow search algorithm, the K-medoids clustering method is introduced to classify the population dynamically and accelerate the information exchange among the population. Then, an adaptive weight factor is introduced to make the algorithm search more detailed and extensive, which enhances the optimization ability of the algorithm. The optimized routes of each algorithm on the raster graph show that the improved sparrow search algorithm can plan a simpler route with the least cost.
Quantitative Research on the Science and Technology Investment and Economic Growth of Guangdong Province from the Perspective of Intelligent Data Analysis
Authors: Jiayi Zhong
Published: April 2021

Intelligent data analysis can use data analysis tools such as statistics and data abstraction to discover the correlation between variables in the data. Use the relevant principles of intelligent data analysis to quantitatively research the relationship between Guangdong Province’s financial technology investment, R&D expenditure and economic development. The quantitative results show that both government financial investment in science and technology and R&D expenditure have an important impact on economic development. Among them, the influence of R&D expenditure is more significant, and there is also a clear positive relationship between government financial investment in science and technology and R&D expenditure. Based on the results of intelligent data analysis, it is proposed that Guangdong Province should make great breakthroughs in the leveraging of financial science and technology funds, the implementation of the main role of enterprises in science and technology investment, and strengthening of scientific research capabilities of scientific research institutions to provide new momentum for achieving high-quality economic development.
Low complexity Massive MIMO detection algorithm based on improved LAS
Authors: Yuan Quan , Zhang Juan
Published: April 2021

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (M-MIMO) technology is a key technology for 5G communications and future mobile wireless networks. Although the likelihood ascent search (LAS) algorithm in the existing detection algorithms is relatively low in complexity, the algorithm is easy to fall into the local optimum, resulting in poor global performance. Therefore, based on this algorithm, this paper proposes an improved detection scheme based on the LAS algorithm in the reduced neighborhood. This algorithm combines the idea of a reduced neighborhood and iteratively improves the LAS algorithm. The algorithm is designed by reducing the size of the neighborhood and increasing the number of iterations. The algorithm compares the BER performance of different neighborhood parameters, and obtains a set of parameters to significantly reduce BER through simulation comparison.