bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discourse on the Energy Transition and Its Impact on Global Energy Policy
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Antoshkin Roman V.
Published: September 2023

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the need for a balanced assessment and comprehensive analysis of the fourth energy transition and its features. The author examines the causes of the beginning of the transition and its political, economic, and social consequences. Sociopolitical features directly affecting the development of the energy transition and its pace are discussed in the article. Separately, the possible conse-quences of neglecting the economic foundations of the energy sector and replacing them with politically moti-vated decisions are explored. The research methodology includes the analysis of scientific publications by Russian and foreign authors, as well as logical and structural analysis. The use of a systemic approach allows for considering the energy transition as a single system with multiple interacting subsystems. The author con-cludes that the key factor and at the same time the main distinguishing feature of the fourth energy transition is political expediency. However, the author notes that substituting economic expediency with political expediency can lead to reduced energy accessibility worldwide, decreased investment, and social tension. Minimizing negative consequences is possible through harmonious and consistent development of the energy transition based on the use of market mechanisms.
Terrorist Threat as a Factor in the Propaganda Support of Quasi-Authoritarian Political Transit in Western Democracies at the Turn of the XX–XXI Centuries
Authors:   Volgograd Institute of Management – Branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Econ-omy  and Public Administration, Morozov Ilya L.
Published: September 2023

The article reveals the information and propaganda technologies used at the end of the XX century and in the second decade of the XXI century by the US political elite to justify foreign military expansion into Eurasia (Af-ghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Libya, Yugoslavia, deployment of a network of military bases in the Central Asian repub-lics). The reason, but not the cause of restriction of civil liberties, according to the author, has become the threat of the international terrorist organization “Al-Qaeda” (outlawed in Russia) which has carried out a series of acts of terrorism against the objects and citizens of the USA in 1998–2001. International terrorism has served as a major shaping of the global “enemy image” that a fraction of a percent of a US military operation outside of a state has to be revoked. Subsequently, such information technology was used in connection with the emer-gence of the “Islamic State” organization (banned in Russia) to justify American intervention in the affairs of the Syrian Arab Republic in order to overthrow President Bashar al-Assad. Using the systematic method, historical-genetic method and the method of analyzing local situations (case–study), the author comes to the conclusion that the political regimes of Western democracies, primarily the United States, transited at the turn of the centu-ry to quasi-authoritarian regimes that were looking for a political pretext for deploying aggression in the new colonial redistribution of the world. Such an occasion was terrorist attacks by Al-Qaeda, and then by IS/ISIS.
Formation of Import Substitution Strategy in Terms of Achieving Industrial Self-Sufficiency and Expansion of Innovative Products to Foreign Markets
Authors:   Volga Region State University of Service, Oruch Tatiana A.
Published: September 2023

In order to prevent technological backwardness of our country in conditions of sanctions restrictions from the USA and the European Union countries on Russia's access to world markets, technologies, financial resources, it is necessary to actively develop mechanisms to implement import substitution policy in the most dependent industries, which are critical for the domestic economy in this respect. This determines the relevance of the study presented in the article. Under the conditions of Russia's strong dependence on imports in various indus-tries formed in previous years, the lack of many modern technologies is one of the main incentives for the im-plementation of import substitution strategy in order to form technological sovereignty and industrial self-sufficiency in the country. However, it is necessary not just to copy those technologies, goods, equipment that are no longer available for use in Russia due to the current international sanctions, but to create fundamentally new, innovative objects with competitive advantages in international markets with their subsequent import to foreign markets.
The role of the Bank of Russia’s Instruments in Modern Russian Public Administration
Authors:   Institute of Social Sciences, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy  and Public Administration (RANEPA), Kiselev Kirill K. , Badmaev Aldar S. ,   International Institute of Energy Policy and Diplomacy, Moscow State Institute  of International Relations (University), Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation
Published: September 2023

The present paper examines the political and economic role of the Bank of Russia in the structure of public administration, studying its impact on the country’s economy and the welfare of the population. It argues for the idea that the Bank of Russia’s key rate is used as a tool for achieving domestic policy objectives, such as con-trolling inflation, stimulating economic growth and supporting financial stability. It is noted that the key rate of the Bank of Russia is used by it as a tool to achieve domestic political goals, such as controlling inflation, stimu-lating economic growth and supporting financial stability. As a foreign policy tool, it is a means of soft power, especially in the context of global financial markets, where global actors are largely guided by the actions of the Bank of Russia. The results of the analysis of academic research, theoretical models and practical examples related to the policy of the Bank of Russia and its impact on the country’s economy are presented. In addition, the experience of application of key rate instruments by credit and financial institutions in other countries is also considered. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that the results of the study are of great importance for the devel-opment of effective economic policy of the state and making informed decisions in the sphere of monetary policy.
Volunteering as a Practice of Active Citizen Education in the System of State Youth Policy
Authors:   Kuban State University, Fedorenko Konstantin A.
Published: September 2023

The article examines the institutional foundations and practices of civic activity development in the volunteer movement. Based on the concept of citizenship three levels of civic qualities formation in the volunteering sys-tem are considered: cognitive, value-motivational and behavioral-instrumental. The institutional practices of volunteering at the present stage are analyzed in the context of interaction between state structures and civil society organizations, in particular, the formation of cultural identity, assistance to people in difficult life situa-tions, patriotic education, the preservation of historical memory, etc. Three levels of interaction between key actors of volunteering development aimed at shaping the citizenship of Russian youth are defined: design and infrastructural support of volunteering; mobilization of public resources and development of volunteer practic-es; expansion of youth involvement through the popularization and development of volunteer practices.
Rationale for Choosing Spanish as a Second Foreign Language for Teaching at Non-linguistic Faculties of Arts and Humanities Universities
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Ovsyannikov Aleksandr O.
Published: September 2023

The present study identifies problems of education determined by introduction of the second foreign language as a new subject in some non-linguistic departments of arts and humanities universities. The author makes an attempt to justify from a scientific standpoint the choice of Spanish as the second foreign language for trilingual students of non-linguistic departments of arts and humanities universities beginning to study the second for-eign language. Rationale for choosing Spanish as a second foreign language is based on the experimental data and comprehensive psychological and methodological analysis of the artificial subordinate trilingualism in teaching reading in the second foreign language to students of non-linguistic departments of arts and humani-ties universities. The problem of choosing Spanish for the role of a second foreign language is associated in the article with the concept of approximative system. According to the author, its implementation at the initial stage of learning, when the most effective method of mastering language material is comparison, plays a deci-sive motivational role for the student, and helps the teacher to form a multilingual personality of the learner.
Changes in Support for Political Parties in Andalusia’s Regional and Municipal Elections (2018–2023)
Authors:   Kuban State University, Baranov Andrey V.
Published: September 2023

The study of the dynamics of support for political parties in Andalusia’s regional and municipal elections is rel-evant for understanding the trends in the development of the Spanish political system, the decentralization of the state and the factors of electoral behavior. Attention is focused on the agenda of pre-election rivalry, politi-cal positioning of the main subjects of politics in the autonomous community, and changes in their electoral support. National factors playing a significant role in increasing the influence of right-wing parties and splitting left-wing forces are noted, resulting in the return of the Andalusian regional electorate to support the three main parties instead of the five. The practical significance of the topic is to determine the similarities and differences of regional electoral processes in the countries of Southern Europe. Despite the qualitative difference between the party systems in Spain and the Russian Federation, it is feasible to apply in our country the experience of inter-party coalitions in regional and municipal elections and to reduce the barrier at this territorial level.
Scientific and Theoretical Aspects of Stimulating Innovation and Investment Drivers for the Development of the Regional Economy’s High-Tech Sector
Authors:   Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov, Doroshenko Yuri A. , Malykhina Irina O. ,   Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov, Schetinina Ekaterina D. ,   Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov
Published: September 2023

The study is focused on the problem of analyzing the mechanisms and tools for activating innovation and in-vestment drivers for the development of the regional economy’s high-tech sector. Emerging contradictions in the processes of globalization and cooperation, underlying the international system of interaction between economic entities, lead to the need to develop and improve the high-tech sector of the domestic economy, sus-tainable to modern challenges, self-sufficient at all stages of the innovation process, which confirms the rele-vance of the study. In this regard, the most important issue in the context of the identified problems is the search for and stimulation of economic development drivers of the regional economic system. This paper stud-ies the innovation and investment nature of the drivers, as which high-tech industries are proposed. The aim of the study is to improve methodological approaches and scientific and theoretical provisions for improving the efficiency of high-tech production sites of innovation and investment genesis. The following research methods were used: the method of comparison, theoretical generalization, scientific abstraction, deduction, induction, generalization, etc. As a result of the conducted research, a system of management measures is proposed to intensify the development of the regional economy’s high-tech sector.
Analysis of the Structural Features of the Production and Economic System of the Region in Terms of the Practice of Introducing Information Elements to Support the Implementation of Innovative Processes
Authors:   The Branch of National Research University «Moscow Power Engineering Institute» in Smolensk, Kirillova Elena A. , Malevich Evgeny P. ,   Independent researcher
Published: September 2023

In modern conditions, business processes aimed at creating and implementing innovations have become quite complicated. Increasingly, such processes are implemented within the framework of cooperative formatting of various forms. One of the most popular in practice are regional scientific and industrial clusters. At the same time, their functioning and the implementation of the creation goals directly depend on the interaction of partic-ipants with each other and with infrastructure elements, which is increasingly implemented using information systems. In this regard, the aim of the study is: to formulate recommendations on the usage, adaptation and dissemination of systems to ensure secure information interchange of territorial scientific and industrial clusters and decision-making support for their management, based on a basic set of conditions and the potential for their realization, as well as the costs of implementation. To do this, using the example of one of the Central Federal District regions, the structural features of the production and economic system are analyzed and key features in the nature, time and scale of the effects of innovative processes in them are identified.
National Ideas and State Mottos as a Reflection of Society’s Spiritual Values: Theory and Practice
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Voskresenskaya Nina O. , Yalozina Elena A. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: September 2023

Issues significant for every person and society as a whole are considered in the article: whether a country can be successful without a national idea as a concentrated expression of spiritual values of the people and without a state motto – its short verbal formula; what spiritual values are reflected in the state mottos of the countries of the world and whether there is a relationship between the level of development of a country and its state motto; whether the state motto of modern Russia is necessary and, if so, what its content can be. The topic is relevant since state mottos as an element of state symbols, are able to influence the people’s worldview and behavior and set the basic parameters of human social activity. It is shown that the values outlined in the state mottos of many countries with different levels of development coincide in many respects; the types of state mottos in the context of their advantages and limitations are highlighted; the formula of the state motto for modern Russia is proposed.
US REPRESENTATION IN “REMARKS BY PRESIDENT BIDEN ON THE DRAWDOWN OF US ARMY IN AFGHANISTAN”
Authors: Hamdani Arif Umar , Tanto Trisnowati
Published: September 2023

The US’ decision of leaving Afghanistan, after about 20 years of remaining there in an effort to overthrow the Taliban regime, was phenomenal and caused the world’s negative perspective toward the country. Due to this fact, the study is conducted to open a new critical point of view regarding the issue. The paper mainly discusses the US representation within Joe Biden’s speech entitled “Remarks by President Biden on the Drawdown of US Army in Afghanistan”. van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), which deals with power abuse and dominance in the social and political context, is utilized as the main approach in order to reveal the representation of the United States. The discussion will be limited to the micro-level analysis, which comprises macrostructure, microstructure, and superstructure analyses. In the microstructure analysis, two linguistics tools, namely number game and norm expression, will be used. A qualitative descriptive research method is employed and the result of the research shows that the US as the Self is represented positively in the speech. This is shown consistently throughout the macrostructure, microstructure, and superstructure aspects.
Foliar application of K-IBA to the Abaxial or Adaxial Leaf Surface With or Without a Surfactant Does Not Impact Root Formation in Buttonbush and Burning Bush Euonymus Cuttings
Authors: Geneve Robert L.
Published: September 2023

Foliar application has become a viable alternative for auxin delivery to induce adventitious rooting in cuttings. Foliar application of K-IBA to buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis L.) and burning bush euonymus [Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold] cuttings improved roots per cutting compared to untreated cuttings. However, foliar application was not as effective as K-IBA applied as a basal dip. To investigate if auxin uptake could be partially responsible for the differential rooting observed between treatments in burning bush euonymus, K-IBA was applied to the adaxial (upper) or abaxial (lower) leaf surfaces with or without a surfactant. There were no differences found for rooting percentages or roots per cutting related to the leaf surface treated or inclusion of the surfactant. It has been suggested that foliar auxin is absorbed mainly through open stomates on the leaf surface during cutting propagation. The current study indicates that auxin was absorbed equally well from the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces in these two species and that other factors such as transport or metabolism of IBA may be influencing differential rooting related to application method.

Species used in this study: buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis L.), burning bush euonymus [Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold].

Chemicals used in this study: K-IBA (indole-3-butyric Acid potassium salt).
Role of alpha and gamma Klotho genes in the development of differentiated thyroid carcinoma on top of goiter
Authors: El-Saeed Wesam S. , Elnagdy Marwa H. , Abd elghaffar Mahmoud A. , El Baz Ayman , Zahran Mohammed A.
Published: September 2023

Background

Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is the most common malignant tumor of the endocrine system. Our study is aimed to investigate the role of the α- and γ-Klotho genes in the development and progression of DTC.

Methods

The expression of the α- and γ-Klotho genes was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in thyroid tissues of 40 DTC patients and 40 age- and sex-matched subjects diagnosed as goiter and included as a control group. The demographic, laboratory and clinicopathological data of the subjects were reviewed to detect their association with the Klotho genes.

Results

The α-Klotho gene expression was statistically significantly lower in DTC tissues compared to goiter tissues (p < 0.001). However, there was no statistically significant association between the γ-Klotho gene expression and DTC (p = 0.643). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed the diagnostic value of the α-Klotho mRNA levels, by providing an AUC of 0.954 value (95% CI = 0.910–0.999; p < 0.001). Lower α-Klotho gene expression associated significantly with higher stages of DTC (p = 0.026). Logistic regression analysis declared that low α-Klotho mRNA expression was demonstrated to be a significant predictor for the likelihood of DTC on top of goiter (p = 0.001).

Conclusions

Our study showed the role of the α-Klotho gene as a potential novel biomarker for discrimination between DTC and goiter tissues. Low α-Klotho mRNA expression was found to be a significant predictor for the likelihood of DTC on top of goiter, as well as higher stages of this tumor.
Apocrine carcinoma of the breast: Review
Authors: Yang Chieh , Wang Irene , Yen Yun
Published: September 2023

Apocrine carcinoma of the breast is a rare subtype of breast carcinoma, which only presents as 4% among patients with breast cancer. The percentage varies based on the diagnostic criteria used by each institution to classify apocrine carcinoma. Several confusing terms used in previous studies, including apocrine ductal carcinoma in situ (ADCIS), apocrine morphology in lobular carcinoma in situ (Apocrine LCIS), apocrine-like invasive carcinoma, pure apocrine carcinoma, molecular apocrine tumors (MATs), and triple-negative apocrine carcinoma of the breast (TNAC). The treatment, prognosis, and molecular profiles are also diverse. Pure apocrine carcinoma has stricter criteria for diagnosis, requiring more than 90% of cells showing apocrine morphology and classic IHC characteristics of ER-negative, PR-negative, and AR-positive in at least 10% of tumor cell nuclei. Research related to prognosis is diverse due to the difficulty of unifying the diagnostic criteria. Current evidence of treatment is geared toward the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and anti-androgen therapy when AR is present, accompanied by other treatments if biomarkers are present, such as HER2, PI3K, or CDK4/6. This article focuses on clearly summarizing different subtypes and management of apocrine carcinoma of the breast.
The Role of Corporate Governance in Corporate Human Development Disclosures
Authors: Dosinta Nina Febriana , Djafar Fariastuti , Yantiana Nella
Published: September 2023

Objective – The urgency of this research is to examine the effect of corporate governance on corporate human development disclosures.Methodology – This study focuses on corporate reporting by twenty-six Regional Development Banks in Indonesia. It encompasses the examination of annual and stand-alone sustainability reports spanning from 2014 to 2021. Additionally, panel data analysis is employed in this research, specifically utilizing the Fixed Effect Model as the chosen analytical approach.Results – This research result shows that independent commissioners and female directors, as part of corporate governance, have a significant and positive effect on corporate human development disclosures.Research Implications – The implication of this research argues that independent commissioners and female directors, as part of corporate governance, have capabilities that can optimize corporate human development disclosures. By optimizing corporate human development through effective reporting practices, Regional Development Banks can better fulfill their role as agents of development. Principals and agencies must support each other in optimizing corporate human development. Novelty/Originality - The level of disclosure is measured based on the corporate human development index with an agency and human capability theory approach. Disclosure of the corporate human development index is voluntary and reflects corporate welfare through items from the human development index.
The Mediating Role of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure on Cash Holding: Evidence from Basic Industry and Chemical Companies in Indonesia
Authors: Arfianti Elsa , Arfan Muhammad , Yusmita Fifi
Published: September 2023

Objective –This study aims to examines the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure in mediating the influence of financial leverage, profitability, and ownership of institutional on cash holding.Design/Methodology –The population of this study consists of 203 observations in basic industry and chemical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2020. This study utilizes secondary data obtained from annual report, and the data is subsequently analyzed using path analysis.Results –According to the findings of this study, financial leverage and profitability have a negative effect on CSR disclosure, whereas institutional ownership has a positive impact. Financial leverage reduces cash holding, but profitability, institutional ownership, and CSR disclosure increase cash holding. CSR disclosure mediates the financial leverage and institutional ownership effects on cash holding. It does not, however, as mediating effect of profitability on cash holding.Research limitations/implications –Because the researchers only looked at basic industry and chemical companies on the IDX, the results cannot be applied to all companies on the IDX. The findings of this research have implications for the importance of efficiently managing cash holding by paying attention to the factors that influence them, which include financial leverage, profitability, institutional ownership, and CSR disclosure.Novelty/Originality –CSR disclosure is used in this study to mediate the financial leverage, profitability, and ownership of institutional effects on cash holding. It is analyzed using path analysis, which has never been used in previous studies. In addition, this study used a relatively long period with a larger number of observations.
Intellectual Capital and Firm Performance: Value-Added Intellectual Coefficient
Authors: Ahmed Znar Nahro , Hussin Muhammad Rosni Amir
Published: September 2023

Objective – This article is concerned with the influence of IC and understanding the vital success factor of the components on firm performance. This study aims to deliver a complete review of existing evidence related to the effect of IC on firm performance.Methodology – A review of the literature was conducted based on the five components of intellectual capital: human capital, structural capital, capital employed, relational capital, and innovation capital. Using electronic searches in three databases (Emerald, Web of Science, and Scopus) and keywords to identify relevant studies, 48 published studies are identified from 2010-2020.Results – The results indicated that research focusing on IC and its impact on company performance has gained growing interest within scholarly works over recent decades. Furthermore, a steadier rise in interest can be observed from 2017 onwards, reaching its peak in 2019 with a 50% acceleration in the publication rate compared to the preceding year. In addition, the widely accepted method is the value-added intellectual coefficient approach without any modification or extension. Moreover, out of reviewed (48) studies only (12) of them utilized an adjusted VAIC model.Novelty/Originality – This paper contributes to IC literature by providing a unique review of the IC and firm performance field of research.
Artificial Intelligence Use as Communication Media in Learning Activity for Senior High School
Authors: Rina Nofha
Published: September 2023

The influence of AI technology in teaching and learning at school has become an objective issue for identifying the utilization of AI as a medium of communication learning based project to the student in Senior High School. In this research, the data analysis used by quantitative and qualitative methodology for the sake of achievement the purpose of this. Quantitative data analyzed using paired samples t-test to know how far is learning based project can influence student attitude in activity learning. In addition, qualitative data was also analyzed with objective to observe how learning-based project affect the learning process students implemented in online atmosphere. There are 40 students of 11th grade at State Senior High School of 46 (SMAN 46) in the Cibiru District who participated in the study. The finding shown that they are satisfied in the use of AI at the learning activities.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Learning Activity, Students, Communication Media
Study of Some Stress Markers in Medical Students Committing Final Examinations
Authors: علي صالح جواد , جهاد منصور عبد الرحمن , عبيد الجنابي حسنة
Published: September 2023

اجريت هذه الدراسة على 50 طالبا و طالبة بالغين يبدون أصحاء من طلبة كلية الطب و لقد تم قياس معايير حياتية تشمل مالونالديهايد و البروتين التفاعلي سي في مصل المتطوعين في فترتين هما قبل الامتحانات و اثناء اداء الامتحانات . أن الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو التعرف على تأثير التعرض لاجهاد الامتحانات على مستويات هذين المعيارين في مصل الدم. و قد تبين ان هناك زيادة في مستويات هذين المعيارين و بصورة دالة في فترة الامتحانات عما هي عليه في فترة قبل الامتحانات مما يدل على انه خلال فترة الامتحانات يتعرض الطلبة الى تأثير متزايد من الاجهاد التأكسدي والذي يؤدي الى ارتفاع هذين المعيارين في مصل الدم .
Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Old Age People
Authors: خورشيد محمد بيبين , موفق عطاش فرح
Published: September 2023

Objectives: this study was undertaken in order to show the effect of age on the auditory system. Design: case –control study. Setting: Al-Jamhory teaching Hospital-Advisory clinic department-hearing and speech unit in Mosul during the period from first of January till the end of June 2011 A.C. Subjects and methods: twenty - four subjects aging between (18-25) years(group1) and one hundred subjects aging between (45-75) years (group 2) were subjected to a pure tone audiometric assessment. The resulting data was statistically analyzed. Results: The auditory threshold in old age subjects was higher in all the frequencies suggestive of sensorineural hearing loss. Conclusions: old age subjects have a sensorineural hearing loss when evaluated with a pure tone audiometer in all frequencies comparing with the young age subjects
Preoperative haemostatic testing in Sulaimanyia City
Authors: Arif Getta Hisham , Rasheed Mustafa Azad
Published: September 2023

Still the preoperative haemostatic testing with basic haemostatic panel one of the controversies subjects which are needed to be tested every now and then. Since the patients in our country are lacking the well organized medical documentation, these testing needs to be considered to avoid possible complications during or after surgery due to the hidden haemostatic abnormalities which is not always can be detected by the tests used as preoperative tests in our hospitals. A blood sample has been taken from 150 patients (59 males and 91 females) attending in surgical & obstetric teaching hospitals. All the patients were admitted for elective surgery. The following tests are done for all patients, platelet count (PC), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), bleeding time(BT), and (D-Dimmer) while (TT) was done for those patients with prolonged (PT) & (aPTT). This study revealed that the frequency of the haemostatic abnormalities in the 150 preoperative cases is (14.6%). The 150 cases were divided to 50 cases with neoplastic disorders & 100 cases without other disorders. (32%) out of neoplatic cases have the haemostatic tests abnormalities while (6%) out of non-neoplastic disorders have these abnormalities. Out of 150 cases the D-dimmer was (11.3%), PT was prolonged in (2.66%), aPTT was prolonged in (4%).BT was prolonged in (2%). The Platelet count was low in (4%) while high in only (1.30%). There are a remarkable percentage of patients undergoing elective surgery with abnormal haemostatic parameters, but without clear preoperative testing program to identify them. The haemostatic abnormalities are more common in neoplastic cases, which indicate that the preoperative haemostatic testing needs to be considered seriously in our hospital with special concern to the patients with neoplastic cases.
Synthesis and in vitro kinetic study of new mutual prodrug for colon cancer associated with constipation
Authors: Fakri Mustafa Yasser
Published: September 2023

Objective: a new mutual prodrug was synthesized for colon targeting in the treatment of colon cancer associated with constipation. Methods: a new mutual prodrug was synthesized through several steps included amide hydrolysis in a strong acidic medium, amide synthesis, diazotization and coupling reactions. The stability of this prodrug in HCl buffer, in phosphate buffer and in rat fecal matter was monitored. The chemical structure of mutual prodrug was characterized by physical and spectroscopic techniques as FTIR, UV-Visible and 13C NMR spectra. In colon, the mutual prodrug was proposed to split by the action of bacterial azoreductase into two N-substituted benzamides, metoclopramide and declopramide, that constituted two apoptotic agents, also the local application of metoclopramide on colonic smooth muscles was proposed to enhance their contractions affords relief of constipation. In vitro kinetic studies in a hydrochloric acid buffer showed an insignificant release of metoclopramide and declopramide while in a phosphate buffer, only (9.12٪) release was observed over six hours. In order to confirm the hydrolysis of mutual prodrug in colon, the release study in a rat fecal matter was monitored over six hours and showed that the hydrolysis was almost complete (90.88٪) with a half-life of (166.19 min) followed first order kinetics. The prodrug approach that is based on enzymes specification may offer a new method to improve drug efficacy and reduce side effects.
Effects of Carbamazepine on blood pressure, serum glucose concentration, lipid profile and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in epileptic patients
Authors: Hamo Mahmood Isam
Published: September 2023

To investigate the effects of carbamazepine on serum glucose concentrations, lipid profile, blood pressure and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in epileptic patients. Seventy epileptic patients involved in this study. They have primary generalized and partial seizures with duration of treatment with carbamazepine of 11.5±8.37 years. Another 100 apparently healthy individuals were also participated in the study as a control group. Ten ml of venous blood samples were taken from each patient and control after 14 hours fasting. The obtained serum was separated and used for the estimation of glucose concentration, total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol by using special Kits. LDL-cholesterol was determined by Friedewald equation. Metabolic syndrome was determined according to ATP III criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. The patients and controls were matched regarding age and sex. Weight, BMI and waist circumference were statistically not different between patients and controls. Comparison between the measured variables shows significant elevations of the lipid parameters in the patient group as compared with the control group. Non significant differences obtained between serum glucose concentrations and significant low values of BP were obtained in the patient group as compared with the controls. The number of patients and control having metabolic syndrome according to ATP II diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome were 4 and 3, respectively. The difference is not significant. This study demonstrated that carbamazepine have no effects on serum glucose concentrations, but have elevating effects on lipid parameters and reducing effects on BP. It has no effects on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the epileptic patients
Evaluation of Antibacterial Effects of Ginger Extract When Used as One Component of the Root Canal Sealers; (An in vitro Study)
Authors: Mohammed Ali Wafaa
Published: September 2023

The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of aqueous ginger extract as endodontic sealer, against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus sanguis, Candida albicans, anaerobic bacteria and normal flora of oral cavity, and to evaluate the most effective dilution of ginger extract against Enterococcus faecalis in dentinal tubules in order to use it as one component of root canal sealer. Disc diffusion test and direct contact method were used to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of the aqueous ginger extract. The antimicrobial activity was tested 1, 3 and 30 days after dentinal tubules manipulation using different dentin sealer. The Results showed that the highest antimicrobial activity was exhibited by the 20% (w/v) aqueous ginger extract. Moreover, this ginger extract (20%) showed a remarkable antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis in infected dentinal tubules when examined in vitro; the study indicates that ginger extract might have promising effect to be use as one component of root canal sealer.
First record of Neoscona xishanensis Yin, Wang, Xie et Peng, 1990 (Araneae: Araneidae) from India with description of hitherto unknown male
Authors: Sarkar I.D. ,   Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, Siliwal M. ,   Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, Uniyal V.P. ,   Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
Published: September 2023

Neoscona xishanensis Yin, Wang, Xie et Peng, 1990 is recorded from India (Himachal Pradesh: Lahaul) for the first time. Hitherto unknown male of this species is described. Variation of the female abdominal color patterns is also discussed.
Improving Medical Student Confidence Performing Skin Biopsies Through an Interactive Workshop
Authors: Nguyen Tue , Momin Bahar , Shah Anaya , Bambekova Pavela , Browning John , Gilson Robert
Published: September 2023

Introduction: At the University of Texas Health San Antonio Long School of Medicine, many students have expressed hesitancy in actively participating when a skin biopsy is needed at the community dermatology free clinic. To address this, we hosted a workshop where medical students could directly learn how to perform shave and punch biopsies from dermatology residents.
Methods: A PowerPoint presentation covering the preparation, types, and aftercare of biopsies was given pre-workshop. Four dermatology residents were assigned to groups of students. During the workshop, students practiced the full procedure of performing a biopsy. Pre- and post-surveys were administered immediately and four months after the workshop. Qualitative responses were converted into a 4-point Likert scale, and a Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for statistical analysis. 
Results: 26 student responses were collected immediately after, and 17 were collected four months after the workshop. There were significant increases in comfort assisting with performing skin biopsies (p <0.001), performing biopsies under supervision (p <0.001), and preparing for a biopsy (p <0.001) immediately and four months after the workshop. Additionally, there were significant increases in knowledge of the utility of biopsies (p <0.001) and the different biopsy types (p <0.001) immediately and four months after the workshop. The number of correct answers to the five-item knowledge quiz significantly increased (p <0.001) immediately and four months after the workshop.
Conclusion: Our workshop improved student confidence in preparing for, assisting with, and performing skin biopsies and has demonstrated sustained efficacy.
Primary thoracic intramedullary spinal cord tumor with likely metastases of glial origin to the lumbosacral vertebrae: Illustrative case
Authors: Asante Samuel K. , Lee Jonathan J. , Jenson Amanda V. , Bhenderu Lokeshwar S. , Patterson John D. , Rivera Andreana L. , Britz Gavin W.
Published: September 2023

Background:

Metastasis of systemic neoplasms to the spine is common; however, the metastasis of primary spinal cord tumors to other regions in the body is an infrequent occurrence. A few case reports have described the metastasis of primary spinal cord tumors, and in most cases, patients were younger than 30 years of age.

Case Description:

We present an illustrative case of a 47-year-old female with metastatic lesions to the lumbosacral vertebrae years after the initial diagnosis of an intradural, intramedullary spinal cord tumor (IMSCT). Although the surgical biopsy of the IMSCT was nondiagnostic, the patient was not found to have a separate primary neoplastic source, and the specimens of the metastatic lesions from the lumbar vertebral body were of glial origin.

Conclusion:

Metastasis from primary IMSCTs is extremely rare. Distant vertebral body and intracranial metastasis are even rarer yet possible. The clinical course is highly aggressive and responds poorly to current standard treatment.
When does too little pressure become too much? A case of spontaneous intracranial hypotension presenting with acute loss of consciousness
Authors: Brosnan Conor , Dablouk Mohamed Osman , Healy Vincent , Murray Daniel , Soleiman Hamzah A. , Bolger Ciaran
Published: September 2023

Background:

We present a unique case of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) presenting with acute collapse and loss of consciousness.

Case Description:

The affected patient suffered an abrupt decline in level of consciousness several weeks after initial diagnosis. The patient was urgently transferred to a specialist neurosurgical unit. Imaging showed bilateral subdural fluid collections with significant associated local mass effect. The treating team faced a clinical conundrum with a lack of clarity as to whether this sudden deterioration was secondary to the local pressure effect on brainstem traction from reduced intracranial pressure. A decision was made to proceed with urgent burr-hole decompression of the bilateral subdural fluid collections.

Conclusion:

After a protracted, complex postoperative course, the patient recovered to full functional independence. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first case in literature describing successful surgical management of SIH, with bilateral burr-hole evacuation to relieve the paradoxical mass effect of bilateral subdural fluid collections.
Giant cell arteritis with severe intracranial involvement diagnosed and treated early
Authors: Mineji Kentaro , Yako Rie , Toki Naotsugu , Tomobuchi Masaki , Nakao Naoyuki
Published: September 2023

Background:

Ischemic cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) occur in 3.3–7.2% of patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA), and intracranial vessels are rarely affected. We, herein, report a case of intracranial GCA with rapidly progressive multiple intracranial vascular lesions.

Case Description:

A 76-year-old woman visited a local doctor due to a headache; then, it improved spontaneously. Three months later, she suddenly had cerebral infarctions of bilateral pons and cerebellum. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) revealed the left internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion, the right vertebral artery (VA) occlusion, and the left VA stenosis. She was diagnosed with atherothrombotic stroke and dual antiplatelet therapy was administered. However, 2 weeks later, the left VA stenosis was aggravated. Therefore, we reviewed the data of MRA performed 3 months ago and noted no lesions in the ICA and VA. T1 black-blood post-gadolinium imaging sequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed vessel wall enhancement in the bilateral VA, left ICA, and bilateral superficial temporal artery. We performed a temporal artery biopsy and diagnosed her with GCA. The progression of the intracranial vascular lesions was decelerated by oral glucocorticoid administration.

Conclusion:

Intracranial vascular lesions in GCA can be formed later than initial symptoms, such as headache, and aggravated despite improvement in headache. In patients with GCA, evaluating intracranial vessels as a control is useful for distinguishing them from arteriosclerotic lesions at the onset of CVA. Intracranial GCA is characterized by rapidly progressive vascular lesions in the bilateral ICA and VA. In addition, T1 black-blood post-gadolinium imaging sequence MRI may lead to early diagnosis and treatment.
POSITRONIUM MOLECULE GEOMETRIC MODEL IN CONTEXT OF THE HOPF LINK
Authors: Лякишев В.К. , Перфильев М.С.
Published: September 2023

Данная работа посвящена построению геометрической модели молекулы позитрония - нестабильной молекулы, образованной двумя экзотическими атомами позитрония. Молекула позитрония представлена как зацепление Хопфа двух торов, образованных электронами и позитронами. Торы имеют одинаковые размеры и лежат в перпендикулярных плоскостях так, что каждый из торов проходит через центр другого тора. При помощи данной модели размер молекулы позитрония оценён в шесть боровских радиусов. Также в работе оценена средняя объёмная плотность электрической энергии молекулы позитрония как 7,7 электронвольт на кубический ангстрем.

This work is devoted to the construction of the positronium molecule model. The positronium molecule is an unstable molecule formed by two exotic positronium atoms. In this article, the positronium molecule is pretended as the two tori Hopf link, which were formed by electrons and positrons. The tori have same dimensions and lie in perpendicular planes so that each of the tori passes through the center of the other. Using this model, the size of the positronium molecule was estimated at six Bohr radii. The average volumetric electric energy density of a positronium molecule was calculated to be 7,7 electron volts/cubic angstrom.
THE ANALYSIS OF POSSIBILITY SUPPLYING APG FROM THE OIL AND GAS FIELDS OF EASTERN SIBERIA TO THE MAIN GAS PIPELINE «POWER OF SIBERIA»
Authors: Трунькина Е.С. , Борисевич Ю.П. , Хохлова Н.Ю.
Published: September 2023

В статье авторами проведен технико - экономический анализ возможности подачи ПНГ с нефтегазовых месторождений Восточной Сибири в магистральный газопровод «Сила Сибири».

The authors carried out a technical and economic analysis of the possibility of supplying APG from the oil and gas fields of Eastern Siberia to the main gas pipeline «Power of Siberia»
The productivity of soybean as affected by seeding techniques and weather conditions in the forest-steppe of the Central Federal District of Russia
Authors: Савенков В.П. , Махонин В.Л. , Кузьмина Е.Ю.
Published: September 2023

Исследования проводились в 2021–2022 годах в Липецком НИИ рапса – филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦ ВНИИМК (Липецкий район Липецкой области). Цель исследований — изучение влияния различных сроков сева и норм высева всхожих семян на урожайность очень ранних сортов сои западно-предкавказской селекции. В трёхфакторном полевом опыте по методу расщеплённых делянок изучалось два срока сева сои (вторая декада мая и первая декада июня) — фактор А; сорта сои Лира, Пума и Вита — фактор В; норма высева всхожих семян 300 и 600 тыс. шт./га — фактор С. Почва опытных участков — выщелоченный среднемощный тяжелосуглинистый чернозём. Учётная площадь делянки первого, второго и третьего порядков соответственно составляла 90, 30 и 15 м2. Погодные условия вегетационного периода по годам исследований различались. В 2021 году они в целом были жаркими и засушливыми, а в 2022 году — с температурным режимом воздуха, близким к норме, и суммой осадков, значительно превышающей её, что обеспечивало более высокую урожайность сортов сои при изучаемых агротехнологиях посева. В то же время закономерности изменения урожая семян сои в вариантах опыта по годам проведения исследований оказались сравнительно близкими. Установлено, что в среднем за 2021–2022 годы более высокую урожайность изучаемые сорта сои сформировали при первом сроке сева (вторая декада мая) и норме высева всхожих семян 600 тыс. шт./га. При этом наибольшей семенной продуктивностью характеризовался сорт Лира (2,78 т/га), а у других сортов она была значительно меньше и самой низкой — у сорта Вита (1,83 т/га).

This investigation took place at the Lipetsk Research Institute of Rapeseed – branch of the All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (the Lipetsk region) in 2021–2022. Its aim was to test the effects of seeding time and rate on the productivities of short-season soybean varieties of the West-Ciscaucasian region. Three-factorial split-plot experiment tested two seeding times (the second decade of May and the first decade of June) — factor A; soybean varieties (“Lira”, “Puma” and “Vita”) — factor B; seeding rates of germinated seeds (300 and 600 thousand pcs ha-1) — factor C. The soil of the trial field was leached moderately deep chernozem with the high content of clay. The test-area of the whole plot was 90 m2, the split plots — 30 and 15 m2. The years of the research varied in weather conditions. The growing season of 2021 was dry and hot, 2022 had almost favorable temperature and high precipitation rate, resulting in higher crop productivity. At the same time the seed yield dynamics was similar among the test-variants in both years. The soybean varieties had the highest productivity in the second decade of May under the seeding rate of 600 thousand pcs ha-1. “Lira” showed the highest seed productivity (2.78 t ha-1), other varieties performed significantly worse while “Vita” yielded the least (1.83 t ha-1)