bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure and Properties of (Fe80Ga20)99.8Ce0.2 Alloy in Cast and Hot Rolled State
Authors: Milyutin Vasily , Gervasyeva Irina , Kalonov Azambek , Shishkin Denis , Davydov Denis , Stashkova Liudmila
Published: January 2025

FeGa alloys with small additions of rare-earth elements surpass binary alloys in magnetostriction and plasticity. For this reason, they are considered promising magnetostrictive materials for various electrical engineering applications. The alloy (Fe81Ga19)99.8Ce0.2 was prepared and investigated in this work. It was found that in the cast state, it has a magnetostriction of 3/2 λ about 100 ppm, saturation magnetization of 150 emu/g, tensile strength of about 300 MPa, and fracture strain of 3%. The microstructure, crystallographic texture, and behavior when heated of the alloy were investigated. Then the ingot was subjected to forging and hot rolling with a deformation degree of 90% at 1000 °C. The structure and mechanical properties of samples cut from a hot rolling sheet were studied. Their tensile strength and fracture strain increase compared to cast state up to 600 MPa and 4% correspondingly.
Real-Time Electroencephalogram Data Visualization Using Generative AI Art
Authors: Puiac Andrei Virgil , Cioca Lucian-Ionel , Lakatos Gheorghe Daniel , Groza Adrian
Published: January 2025

This study is the result of the need to research the visualization of brainwaves. The aim is based on the idea of using generative AI art systems as a method. Data visualization is an important part of understanding the evolution of the world around us. It offers the ability to see a representation that goes beyond numbers. Generative AI systems have gained the possibility of helping the process of visualizing data in new ways. This specific process includes real-time-generated artistic renderings of these data. This real-time rendering falls into the field of brainwave visualization, with the help of the EEG (electroencephalogram), which can serve here as input data for Generative AI systems. The brainwave measurement technology as a form of input to real-time generative AI systems represents a novel intersection of neuroscience and art in the field of neurofeedback art. The main question this paper hopes to address is as follows: How can brainwaves be effectively fed into generative AI art systems, and where can the outcome lead, in terms of progress? EEG data were successfully integrated with generative AI to create interactive art. The installation provided an immersive experience by moving the image with the change in the user’s mental focus, demonstrating the impact of EEG-based art.
Convolutional Neural Network for Depression and Schizophrenia Detection
Authors: Espino-Salinas Carlos H. , Luna-García Huizilopoztli , Cepeda-Argüelles Alejandra , Trejo-Vázquez Karina , Flores-Chaires Luis Alberto , Mercado Reyna Jaime , Galván-Tejada Carlos E. , Acra-Despradel Claudia , Villalba-Condori Klinge Orlando
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: This study presents a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) approach for detecting depression and schizophrenia using motor activity patterns represented as images. Participants’ motor activity data were captured and transformed into visual representations, enabling advanced computer vision techniques for the classification of these mental disorders. The model’s performance was evaluated using a three-fold cross-validation, achieving an average accuracy of 95%, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach in accurately identifying mental health conditions. The objective of the study is to develop a model capable of identifying different mental disorders by processing motor data using CNN in order to provide a support tool to areas specialized in the diagnosis and efficient treatment of these psychological conditions. Methods: The methodology involved segmenting and transforming motor activity data into images, followed by a CNN training and testing phase on these visual representations. This innovative approach enables the identification of subtle motor behavior patterns, potentially indicative of specific mental states, without invasive interventions or self-reporting. Results: The results suggest that CNNs can capture discriminative features in motor activity to differentiate between individuals with depression, schizophrenia, and those without mental health diagnoses. Conclusions: These findings underscore the potential of computer vision and deep neural network techniques to contribute to early, non-invasive mental health disorder diagnosis, with significant implications for developing mental health support tools.
Diagnostic Approach to Biliary Strictures
Authors: Raza Daniyal , Singh Sahib , Crinò Stefano Francesco , Boskoski Ivo , Spada Cristiano , Fuccio Lorenzo , Samanta Jayanta , Dhar Jahnvi , Spadaccini Marco , Gkolfakis Paraskevas , Maida Marcello Fabio , Machicado Jorge , Spampinato Marcello , Facciorusso Antonio
Published: January 2025

Biliary strictures represent a narrowing of the bile ducts, leading to obstruction that may result from benign or malignant etiologies. Accurate diagnosis is crucial but challenging due to overlapping features between benign and malignant strictures. This review presents a comprehensive diagnostic approach that integrates biochemical markers, imaging modalities, and advanced endoscopic techniques to distinguish between these causes. Imaging tools such as ultrasound, MRI/MRCP, and CECT are commonly used, each with distinct advantages and limitations. Furthermore, endoscopic procedures such as ERCP and EUS are key in tissue acquisition, enhancing diagnostic accuracy, especially for indeterminate or complex strictures. Recent innovations, including artificial intelligence and new endoscopic techniques, hold promise in enhancing precision and reducing diagnostic challenges. This review emphasizes a multidisciplinary strategy to improve diagnostic pathways, ensuring timely management for patients with biliary strictures.
Herpes Simplex Keratitis and Vitamin D Receptor Agonist: Two Case Reports
Authors: Kawahara Atsushi
Published: January 2025

Background: Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is a disease characterized by the recurrent infection of the cornea, mainly due to infection caused by herpes simplex virus type 1. The suppression of recurrence can suppress progressive corneal scarring, ulcers, and perforation. Cornea contains vitamin D receptors (VDRs). VDR agonists show antimicrobial activity. Case presentation: In this case report, I describe two female patients aged 76 and 85 years old in whom the administration of a VDR agonist led to the suppression of the recurrence of HSK. The former patient had repeated HSK recurrence for over 10 years after the initial infection. The latter patient developed HSK immediately after vitrectomy, and her cornea remained susceptible to infection, resulting in recurrence. Both patients were trying to suppress recurrence by applying acyclovir ophthalmic ointment, but their medication adherence was declining. So, they switched to oral treatment with 0.5 μg of the VDR agonist per day, and since then, there has been no recurrence of HSK. Oral treatment with the VDR agonist is still ongoing. Conclusions: This report highlights the cases where ways were examined to improve medication adherence in elderly patients who had a risk of HSK recurrence. Both patients responded to VDR agonist treatment and were able to suppress recurrence.
Vibration Analysis Using Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Networks for Rotor Imbalance Detection in Quadrotor UAV
Authors: Abdullah Salem Ba Tarfi Salem , Abdullah Mohd Na’im , Mustapha Faizal , Kanirai Nur Shahirah Atifah , Mustapha Mazli
Published: January 2025

Rotor imbalance in quadrotor UAVs poses a critical challenge, compromising flight stability, increasing maintenance demands, and reducing overall operational efficiency. Traditional vibration analysis methods, such as Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and wavelet analysis, often struggle with non-stationary signals and real-time data processing, limiting their effectiveness under dynamic UAV operating conditions. To address these challenges, this study develops a machine learning-based vibration analysis system using a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural network for real-time rotor imbalance detection. The system integrates Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) sensors for vibration data acquisition, preprocessing techniques for noise reduction and feature extraction, and an optimized MLP architecture tailored to high-dimensional vibration data. Experimental validation was conducted under controlled flight scenarios, collecting a comprehensive dataset of 800 samples representing both balanced and imbalanced rotor conditions. The optimized MLP model, featuring five hidden layers, achieved a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.1414 and a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9224 on the test dataset, demonstrating high accuracy and reliability. This study highlights the potential of MLP-based diagnostics to enhance UAV reliability, safety, and operational efficiency, providing a scalable and effective solution for rotor imbalance detection in dynamic environments. The findings offer significant implications for improving UAV performance in addition to minimizing downtime in various industrial and commercial applications.
Network Security Situation Element Extraction Algorithm Based on Hybrid Deep Learning
Authors: Zhang Ran , Wu Qianru , Zhou Yuwei
Published: January 2025

Accurately extracting network security situation elements is an important basis for improving the situational awareness of industrial Internet security. This paper proposes an industrial internet security situation element extraction algorithm based on a hybrid neural network. Firstly, the powerful local feature extraction ability of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) was used to extract the features of key situation elements, and the obtained features were flattened and then input into long short-term memory networks (LSTMs) to solve the problem of the poor time feature extraction ability of CNNs. Then, the output features of the fully connected layer were input to the backpropagation (BP) network for classification, and LSTM was used to correct the prediction residual of the BP network to optimize the parameters of each module in the model and improve the classification effect and generalization ability. Comparative experimental results show that the accuracy of the model on the KDD Cup99 dataset and SCADA2014 dataset can reach 98.03% and 98.96%, respectively. Compared with other models, the model has higher classification accuracy and can provide more effective indicator data for security situation assessment.
LDMP-FEC: A Real-Time Low-Latency Scheduling Algorithm for Video Transmission in Heterogeneous Networks
Authors: Gao Tingjin , Chen Feng , Chen Pingping
Published: January 2025

With the rapid development of mobile networks and devices, real-time video transmission has become increasingly important worldwide. Constrained by the bandwidth limitations of single networks, extensive research has shifted towards video transmission in multi-network environments. However, differences in bandwidth and latency in heterogeneous networks (such as LTE and Wi-Fi) lead to high latency and packet loss issues, severely affecting video quality and user experience. This paper proposes a Forward Error Correction (FEC)-based Low-Delay Multipath Scheduling algorithm (LDMP-FEC). This algorithm combines the Gilbert model with a continuous Markov chain to adaptively adjust FEC redundancy, thereby enhancing data integrity. Through the FEC Recovery Priority Scheduling (FEC-RPS) algorithm, it dynamically optimizes the transmission order of data packets, reducing the number of out-of-order packets (OFO-packets) and end-to-end latency. Experimental results show that LDMP-FEC significantly reduces the number of out-of-order packets in heterogeneous network environments, improving performance by 50% compared to the round-robin and MinRtt algorithms, while maintaining end-to-end latency within 150 ms. Under various packet loss conditions, LDMP-FEC sustains a playable frame rate (PFR) above 90% and a Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) exceeding 35 dB, providing an efficient and reliable solution for real-time video and other low-latency applications.
Validating the Smart Grid Architecture Model for Sustainable Energy Community Implementation: Challenges, Solutions, and Lessons Learned
Authors: Janev Valentina , Berbakov Lazar , Tomašević Nikola , Sotoca Jesús Martin-Borja , Lujan Sergio
Published: January 2025

The integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) and the establishment of energy communities (ECs) are vital steps in achieving global sustainability goals. This paper presents a methodology for developing and validating a Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM)-compliant software platform designed to integrate data-driven energy services and connect physical energy assets within energy communities. The platform aims to optimize energy dispatch, enhance self-consumption, and facilitate interoperability with smart grid infrastructures. Two case studies—Polígono Industrial Las Cabezas in Spain and the IMP R&D campus in Serbia—are analyzed to highlight real-world challenges, solutions, and lessons learned. The article points to different scenarios relevant for energy community design and implementation. Lessons learned point to challenges related to device integration, production forecasting, user engagement, and regulatory barriers. The results show that the proposed SGAM platform successfully addresses technical and operational complexities, supporting energy efficiency, decarbonization, and scalability.
Application of Smart Packaging in Fruit and Vegetable Preservation: A Review
Authors: Du Liuzi , Huang Xiaowei , Li Zhihua , Qin Zhou , Zhang Ning , Zhai Xiaodong , Shi Jiyong , Zhang Junjun , Shen Tingting , Zhang Roujia , Wang Yansong
Published: January 2025

The application of smart packaging technology in fruit and vegetable preservation has shown significant potential with the ongoing advancement of science and technology. Smart packaging leverages advanced sensors, smart materials, and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to monitor and regulate the storage environment of fruits and vegetables in real time. This approach effectively extends shelf life, enhances food safety, and reduces food waste. The principle behind smart packaging involves real-time monitoring of environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity, and gas concentrations, with precise adjustments based on data analysis to ensure optimal storage conditions for fruits and vegetables. Smart packaging technologies encompass various functions, including antibacterial action, humidity regulation, and gas control. These functions enable the packaging to automatically adjust its internal environment according to the specific requirements of different fruits and vegetables, thereby slowing the growth of bacteria and mold, prolonging freshness, and retaining nutritional content. Despite its advantages, the widespread adoption of smart packaging technology faces several challenges, including high costs, limited material diversity and reliability, lack of standardization, and consumer acceptance. However, as technology matures, costs decrease, and degradable smart packaging materials are developed, smart packaging is expected to play a more prominent role in fruit and vegetable preservation. Future developments are likely to focus on material innovation, deeper integration of IoT and big data, and the promotion of environmentally sustainable packaging solutions, all of which will drive the fruit and vegetable preservation industry toward greater efficiency, intelligence, and sustainability.
Novel EVI5::BRAF Gene Fusion in Infantile Fibrosarcoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: González-López Judith , Rubio-Martínez Luis Alberto , Atarés Miryam , Amaya José Vicente , Huart Maria Carmen , Mayordomo-Aranda Empar , Giner Francisco
Published: January 2025

Infantile Fibrosarcoma is a malignant tumor of fibroblastic origin, typically found in early childhood, locally aggressive, and characterized by molecular alterations that activate tyrosine kinase signaling, primarily the ETV6::NTRK3 fusion. In recent years, a series of fusions different from the classic one have been described, including NTRK1, RAF1, and BRAF. In this paper, we present a case of IFS with a novel EVI5::BRAF fusion. We observed a spindle cell neoplasm growing in intertwined fascicles within a fibrous stroma, without the formation of an immature osteoid matrix. Weak and focal immunoreactivity for S100 was observed. SATB2 exhibited diffuse and intense staining, with focal expression of osteonectin and negativity for caldesmon, Smooth Muscle Actin, desmin, GFAP, SOX10, MelanA, panTRK, and HMB45. The Ki67 index was 7%, and the tumor harbored an EVI5::BRAF genetic fusion. To the best of our knowledge, the EVI5::BRAF fusion has not yet been described in BRAF fusions in IFS. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to define the prognostic features of these emerging BRAF sarcomas, along with new anti-BRAF therapeutic approaches.
Intracrine Formation of Steroid Hormones in Breast Cancer, Epidermal Keratinocyte, Dermal Fibroblast, and Adipocyte Cell Lines Measured by LC-MS/MS
Authors: Karakus Emre , Schmid Andreas , Schäffler Andreas , Wudy Stefan A. , Geyer Joachim
Published: January 2025

Peripheral tissues such as skin and adipose tissue play a crucial role in the intracrine formation of sex steroid hormones, complementing the endocrine and paracrine systems. These mechanisms involve the conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfated form—DHEAS—into potent androgenic and estrogenic hormones. In vitro studies using tissue-specific cell lines are essential for unraveling the complex intracrine synthesis of these hormones. This study examined the formation of DHEA, androstenedione (A4), testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and estradiol (E2) from DHEAS in four cell lines: MCF-7 breast cancer cells, HaCaT keratinocytes, human dermal fibroblasts (HDF), and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and mature adipocytes, using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). MCF-7 cells converted DHEAS to DHEA, A4, T, E2, and DHT, while HaCaT cells produced all these steroids except DHT. Mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes produced DHEA, A4, T, and DHT. By contrast, HDF and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes converted DHEAS only to DHEA and A4. This study highlights the vital role of peripheral tissues, such as skin and adipose tissue, for the intracrine formation of sex hormones and underlines the crucial role of in vitro cell culture models to analyze such effects. The data shed light on the significant impact of androgen metabolism in skin and adipose tissue, which is of great relevance for aging, wound healing, obesity, and lipid metabolism.
The Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Treatment on Plasma BDNF Concentration and Executive Functions in Parkinson’s Disease: A Theoretical Translational Medicine Approach
Authors: Riccitelli Gianna Carla , Gironi Riccardo , Melli Giorgia , Kaelin-Lang Alain
Published: January 2025

Parkinson’s disease (PD) neuropathology is marked by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, accompanied by the widespread involvement of central and peripheral structures. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin crucial for the survival of dopaminergic neurons, plays a pivotal role in neuronal and glial development, neuroprotection, and the modulation of synaptic plasticity. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non-invasive technique, enhances neurotransmitter release, trans-synaptic efficacy, signaling pathways, gene transcription, neuroplasticity, and neurotrophism. Evidence supports that high-frequency rTMS increases BDNF expression and improves task-specific cognitive deficits in PD patients. This article outlines a detailed protocol to investigate whether rTMS targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex bilaterally induces changes in plasma BDNF levels, the plasma-derived exosomal BDNF concentration, and executive functions in individuals with PD. Identifying non-invasive interventions that effectively modulate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying cognitive and behavioral functions is critical for addressing cognitive impairments and mitigating disease progression in the PD population. This study aims to advance translational research by identifying biomarkers and developing therapeutic strategies for future applications in neurodegenerative diseases.
JNK Inhibition Overcomes Resistance of Metastatic Tetraploid Cancer Cells to Irradiation-Induced Apoptosis
Authors: Jemaà Mohamed , Setti Boubaker Nouha , Kerkeni Nesrine , M. Huber Stephan
Published: January 2025

Tetraploidy is a condition in which the entire set of chromosomes doubles, most often due to errors during cell division. Tetraploidy can lead to genomic instability and significant consequences, in particular metastasis and treatment failure in tumours, including radiotherapy. The development of new strategies to sensitise these cells to treatment is of great importance. In our study, we investigated the in vitro combination of chemical treatment with the kinase inhibitor SP600125 and irradiation on diploid versus metastatic tetraploid RKO colon cancer clones. We assessed mitochondrial transmembrane potential, cell cycle and subG1 population by flow cytometry and performed clonogenic assays to evaluate cell sensitivity. We found that the combination overcomes irradiation resistance in metastatic tetraploid clones. To identify the main pathway involved in cell sensitivity, we screened the Harvard Medical School KINOMEscan library and performed a gene ontology biological process analysis. We found that the major kinases inhibited by SP600125 were ANKK1, BIKE, IKKA, JNK1, MP2K3, MP2K4, MKNK2, MYLK, PLK4, RPS6KA4(Kin,Dom,1), MYLK4 and TTK, and the pathways involved in clone sensitivity were DNA damage repair, radiation resistance and apoptosis, through JNK pathway inhibition. Finally, our main finding was that combined treatment with SP600125 and radiotherapy reduced the resistance of metastatic tetraploid cells to treatment, essentially by inhibiting the JNK pathway. This result supports a promising anti-cancer strategy to overcome the resistance of tetraploid cancer cells to irradiation.
p21 Promoter Methylation Is Vital for the Anticancer Activity of Withaferin A
Authors: Brane Andrew , Sutko Madeline , Tollefsbol Trygve O.
Published: January 2025

Breast cancer (BC) is a widespread malignancy that affects the lives of millions of women each year, and its resulting financial and healthcare hardships cannot be overstated. These issues, in combination with side effects and obstacles associated with the current standard of care, generate considerable interest in new potential targets for treatment as well as means for BC prevention. One potential preventive compound is Withaferin A (WFA), a traditional medicinal compound found in winter cherries. WFA has shown promise as an anticancer agent and is thought to act primarily through its effects on the epigenome, including, in particular, the methylome. However, the relative importance of specific genes’ methylation states to WFA function remains unclear. To address this, we utilized human BC cell lines in combination with CRISPR-dCas9 fused to DNA methylation modifiers (i.e., epigenetic editors) to elucidate the importance of specific genes’ promoter methylation states to WFA function and cancer cell viability. We found that targeted demethylation of promoters of the tumor suppressors p21 and p53 within MDA-MB-231/MCF7 cells resulted in around 1.7×/1.5× and 1.2×/1.3× increases in expression, respectively. Targeted methylation of the promoter of the oncogene CCND1 within MDA-MB-231/MCF7 cells resulted in 0.5×/0.8× decreases in gene expression. These changes to p21, p53, and CCND1 were also associated with decreases in cell viability of around 25%/50%, 5%/35%, and 12%/16%, respectively, for MDA-MB-231/MCF7 cells. When given in combination with WFA in both p53 mutant and wild type cells, we discovered that targeted methylation of the p21 promoter was able to modulate the anticancer effects of WFA, while targeted methylation or demethylation of the promoters of p53 and CCND1 had no significant effect on viability decreases from WFA treatment. Taken together, these results indicate that p21, p53, and CCND1 may be important targets for future in vivo studies that may lead to epigenetic editing therapies and that WFA may have utility in the prevention of BC through its effect on p21 promoter methylation independent of p53 function.
Mitochondria-Derived Vesicles and Inflammatory Profiles of Adults with Long COVID Supplemented with Red Beetroot Juice: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Marzetti Emanuele , Coelho-Júnior Hélio José , Calvani Riccardo , Girolimetti Giulia , Di Corato Riccardo , Ciciarello Francesca , Galluzzo Vincenzo , Di Mario Clara , Tolusso Barbara , Santoro Luca , Giampaoli Ottavia , Tomassini Alberta , Aureli Walter , Tosato Matteo , Landi Francesco , Bucci Cecilia , Guerra Flora , Picca Anna
Published: January 2025

In a recent clinical trial, beetroot juice supplementation for 14 days yielded positive effects on systemic inflammation in adults with long COVID. Here, we explored the relationship between circulating markers of mitochondrial quality and inflammation in adults with long COVID as well as the impact of beetroot administration on those markers. We conducted secondary analyses of a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial testing beetroot juice supplementation as a remedy against long COVID. Analyses were conducted in 25 participants, 10 assigned to placebo (mean age: 40.2 ± 11.5 years, 60% women) and 15 allocated to beetroot juice (mean age: 38.3 ± 7.7 years, 53.3% women). Extracellular vesicles were purified from serum by ultracentrifugation and assayed for components of the electron transport chain and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) by Western blot and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR), respectively. Inflammatory markers and circulating cell-free mtDNA were quantified in serum through a multiplex immunoassay and ddPCR, respectively. Beetroot juice administration for 14 days decreased serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, with no effects on circulating markers of mitochondrial quality control. Significant negative associations were observed between vesicular markers of mitochondrial quality control and the performance on the 6 min walk test and flow-mediated dilation irrespective of group allocation. These findings suggest that an amelioration of mitochondrial quality, possibly mediated by mitochondria-derived vesicle recycling, may be among the mechanisms supporting improvements in physical performance and endothelial function during the resolution of long COVID.
A White Spot Around the Fissula Ante Fenestrum: A New Diagnostic Indicator for Otosclerosis
Authors: Yamasoba Tatsuya , Uranaka Tsukasa , Koyama Hajime , Kashio Akinori
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Since we started endoscopic stapes surgery, we have frequently noticed a white spot (WS) with a clear boundary on the bone surface around the fissula ante fenestrum (FAF) in otosclerosis cases. We investigated the significance of this surgical finding. Methods: We enrolled 27 cases of otosclerosis and 28 control cases of conductive hearing loss due to pathologies other than otosclerosis, both operated on endoscopically at the University of Tokyo Hospital. We retrospectively reviewed surgical videos to determine whether WS was present or absent. We examined the incidence of WS in otosclerosis cases and the controls and also in cases of otosclerosis, the presence or absence of WS was compared with the preoperative hearing level, preoperative air–bone gap, vasodilatation on the promontory, and a low-density area on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Results: WS was present in 11 (41%) of 27 cases of otosclerosis but none in 28 control cases. There were no significant differences in patients’ age and gender, the incidence of vasodilatation on the promontory, preoperative hearing level, or preoperative air–bone gap between otosclerosis cases with and without WS. Although a hypodense focus anterior to the oval window was more frequently present on HRCT in otosclerosis cases with WS (82%) than those without WS (56%), the difference in the incidence failed to reach significance (p = 0.10). Conclusions: We observed WS around the FAF only in cases of otosclerosis, indicating that WS is unique in otosclerosis. WS did not correlate with vasodilatation on the promontory, preoperative hearing level, or air–bone gap. A hypodense focus anterior to the oval window on HRCT tends to be more common in otosclerosis cases with WS.
Effects of Anesthesia and Surgery on the Morphologic and Functional Development of the Premature Neonatal Brain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Heisel Annalena G. U. , Stevens Markus F. , Königs Marsh , Jamaludin Faridi S. , Keunen Kristin , Polderman Jorinde A. W.
Published: January 2025

Background: The percentage of preterm infants requiring surgery before 44 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA) varies between 19% and 36%. The potential impact of general anesthesia on the vulnerable developing brain of preterm infants remains unknown. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis on the impact of general anesthesia on brain integrity and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants undergoing surgery before 44 weeks PMA was conducted. Studies were identified via a PubMed, EMBASE (Ovid), and Cochrane CENTRAL search conducted from inception until 8 March 2023, following PRISMA guidelines. Brain abnormality was assessed using MRI-based brain volume and abnormality scores. Neurodevelopment was evaluated through Bayley Infant and Toddler Development (BSID) or Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) tests. Quality was assessed via the Cochrane ROBINS-I tool and GRADE. Results: Our systematic search identified 2883 records, leading to the inclusion of 12 observational studies. Very low-quality evidence suggests that preterm infants exposed to anesthesia were more likely to show postoperative brain abnormalities on MRI (OR 2.01, 95%CI 1.24–3.25, p = 0.005). They had lower neurodevelopmental scores on the BSID II and III (psychomotor developmental index: mean difference (MD) −10.98; 95%CI −12.04 to −9.91; p < 0.001 and cognitive composite score: (MD) −10.11; 95%CI −11.06 to −9.16; p < 0.001 at two years of age compared to preterm infants not exposed to anesthesia. Conclusion: Exposure to surgery and anesthesia before term age is associated with brain abnormalities and neurodevelopmental delay at two years, but conclusions are limited by low evidence quality, uncontrolled confounders, and the methodological biases of the included studies; thus further robust studies are required (PROSPERO:CRD42021255907).
Recent Advancements in Chitosan-Based Biomaterials for Wound Healing
Authors: Shah Jahnavi , Patel Dhruv , Rananavare Dnyaneshwari , Hudson Dev , Tran Maxwell , Schloss Rene , Langrana Noshir , Berthiaume Francois , Kumar Suneel
Published: January 2025

Chitosan is a positively charged natural polymer with several properties conducive to wound-healing applications, such as biodegradability, structural integrity, hydrophilicity, adhesiveness to tissue, and bacteriostatic potential. Along with other mechanical properties, some of the properties discussed in this review are antibacterial properties, mucoadhesive properties, biocompatibility, high fluid absorption capacity, and anti-inflammatory response. Chitosan forms stable complexes with oppositely charged polymers, arising from electrostatic interactions between (+) amino groups of chitosan and (−) groups of other polymers. These polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) can be manufactured using various materials and methods, which brings a diversity of formulations and properties that can be optimized for specific wound healing as well as other applications. For example, chitosan-based PEC can be made into dressings/films, hydrogels, and membranes. There are various pros and cons associated with manufacturing the dressings; for instance, a layer-by-layer casting technique can optimize the nanoparticle release and affect the mechanical strength due to the formation of a heterostructure. Furthermore, chitosan’s molecular weight and degree of deacetylation, as well as the nature of the negatively charged biomaterial with which it is cross-linked, are major factors that govern the mechanical properties and biodegradation kinetics of the PEC dressing. The use of chitosan in wound care products is forecasted to drive the growth of the global chitosan market, which is expected to increase by approximately 14.3% within the next decade. This growth is driven by products such as chitoderm-containing ointments, which provide scaffolding for skin cell regeneration. Despite significant advancements, there remains a critical gap in translating chitosan-based biomaterials from research to clinical applications.
Trichoderma brevicompactum 6311: Prevention and Control of Phytophthora capsici and Its Growth-Promoting Effect
Authors: Zhou Jien , Liang Junfeng , Zhang Xueyan , Wang Feng , Qu Zheng , Gao Tongguo , Yao Yanpo , Luo Yanli
Published: January 2025

Pepper Phytophthora blight caused by Phytophthora capsici results in substantial losses in global pepper cultivation. The use of biocontrol agents with the dual functions of disease suppression and crop growth promotion is a green and sustainable way of managing this pathogen. In this study, six biocontrol strains of Trichoderma with high antagonistic activity against P. capsici were isolated and screened from the rhizosphere soil of healthy peppers undergoing long-term continuous cultivation. Morphological identification and molecular biological identification revealed that strains 2213 and 2221 were T. harzianum, strains 5111, 6311, and 6321 were T. brevicompactum, and strain 7111 was T. virens. The results showed that T. brevicompactum 6311 had the greatest inhibitory effect against P. capsici. The inhibition rate of 6311 on the mycelial growth of P. capsici was 82.22% in a double-culture test, whereas it reached 100% in a fermentation liquid culture test. Meanwhile, the pepper fruit tests showed that 6311 was 29% effective against P. capsici on pepper, and a potting test demonstrated that the preventive and controlling effect of 6311 on pepper epidemics triggered by P. capsici was 55.56%. The growth-promoting effect, germination potential, germination rate, radicle-embryonic axis length, germination index, and fresh weight of peppers cultured in the 6311 fermentation broth were significantly increased compared with the results for the control group. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that 6311 achieved the parasitism of P. capsici, producing siderophores and the growth hormone indoleacetic acid (IAA) to achieve disease-suppressive and growth-promoting functions. Transcriptomic results indicated that genes encoding proteins involved in plant disease resistance, namely flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) and growth transcription factor (AUX22), were generally upregulated after the application of 6311. This study demonstrated that 6311 exhibits significant bioprotective and growth-promoting functions.
Land Reforms Revisited: An Emerging Perspective on the Hellenic Land Administration Reform as a Wicked Policy Problem
Authors: Balla Evangelia , Madureira Ana Mafalda , Zevenbergen Jaap
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the complex nature of land reforms, arguing that they should be considered wicked policy problems by focusing on the Hellenic Land Administration Reform (HLAR). The article reflects on recent contributions that argue that the HLAR’s challenges are associated with the great leap forward shift from a French-influenced deed paper-based system to a German-influenced digital cadastral parcel-based system. Another recent study contended that the legislative overregulation during the sovereign crisis period in the organizations of the diverse land registry systems of the land administration policy domain further complexified the reform process. A lack of consensus on the reform’s main policy thrust and the means to achieve it was present both at the onset of the reform and during the economic crisis period, among the actors in the reform process. This paper contributes to the contemporary scholarly literature on land administration, integrating recent empirical contributions that point toward the wicked nature of land administration reforms.
The Neural Basis of Salt Perception: A Focus on Potassium Chloride as a Sodium Alternative
Authors: Iannilli Emilia , Fürer Raffaela , Welge-Lüssen Antje , Hummel Thomas
Published: January 2025

Excessive dietary sodium intake is a major risk factor for hypertension, prompting interest in potassium chloride (KCl) as a sodium chloride (NaCl) alternative. While KCl preserves saltiness, its neural processing compared to NaCl remains underexplored. This study investigates the neural correlates of taste perception for NaCl, KCl, and their mixture using gustatory event-related potentials (ERPs) in a sample of 28 healthy young adults. Participants rated the intensity, saltiness, and pleasantness of the stimuli, which were matched for iso-intensity and iso-pleasantness. High-density EEG data revealed distinct microstate patterns associated with each condition, particularly in the later stages of processing, which align with the endogenous phases of taste perception. Source localization identified the insula and opercular regions as primary sites for gustatory processing, with specific differences in activation patterns between NaCl and KCl. These findings suggest that while KCl elicits comparable behavioral responses to NaCl, its neural representation involves unique processes that may reflect its distinct chemical properties. This study advances our understanding of the neural dynamics of salt taste perception, providing insights into the potential use of KCl as a potentially healthier alternative in dietary interventions.
A Decomposition-Integration Framework of Carbon Price Forecasting Based on Econometrics and Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Huang Zhehao , Nie Benhuan , Lan Yuqiao , Zhang Changhong
Published: January 2025

Carbon price forecasting and pricing are critical for stabilizing carbon markets, mitigating investment risks, and fostering economic development. This paper presents an advanced decomposition-integration framework which seamlessly integrates econometric models with machine learning techniques to enhance carbon price forecasting. First, the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) method is employed to decompose carbon price data into distinct modal components, each defined by specific frequency characteristics. Then, Lempel–Ziv complexity and dispersion entropy algorithms are applied to analyze these components, facilitating the identification of their unique frequency attributes. The framework subsequently employs GARCH models for predicting high-frequency components and a gated recurrent unit (GRU) neural network optimized by the grey wolf algorithm for low-frequency components. Finally, the optimized GRU model is utilized to integrate these predictive outcomes nonlinearly, ensuring a comprehensive and precise forecast. Empirical evidence demonstrates that this framework not only accurately captures the diverse characteristics of different data components but also significantly outperforms traditional benchmark models in predictive accuracy. By optimizing the GRU model with the grey wolf optimizer (GWO) algorithm, the framework enhances both prediction stability and adaptability, while the nonlinear integration approach effectively mitigates error accumulation. This innovative framework offers a scientifically rigorous and efficient tool for carbon price forecasting, providing valuable insights for policymakers and market participants in carbon trading.
Development of Quercetin Micellar Nanogel: Formulation, Characterization, and In Vitro Cytotoxocity Study
Authors: Kapare Harshad S. , Kanadje Sunil , Giram Prabhanjan , Patil Aditi , Bhole Ritesh P.
Published: January 2025

Quercetin, a flavonoid, has well-proven cytotoxicity potential, but its therapeutic efficacy is hampered by hydrophobicity, stability issues, and lower bioavailability. The present research aims to address these issues and formulation barriers by formulating a quercetin-loaded micellar nanogel. Quercetin was encapsulated in PF 68 micelles to enhance its solubility, loading, and stability to better its therapeutic potential. The nanogel was further characterized regarding for pH, spreadability, and in vitro cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). The resulting micelles exhibited a particle size of 180.26 ± 2.4 nm, surface charge of −13.5 mV, entrapment efficiency of 78.4 ± 1.2%, and in vitro release of 96.11 ± 0.75% up to 8 h. This in vitro cytotoxicity study on MCF-7 cell lines reveals the improved TGI and GI 50 values of micellar nanogel formulation compared to quercetin. The overall study results demonstrated that the developed micellar nanogel system might serve as a promising nanocarrier to enhance the cytotoxic potential of quercetin in cancer therapy.
Characteristics of Fluid Inclusions and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Stages of Carbonate Rock Reservoir: A Case Study from the Majiagou Formation Ordovician, Central and Eastern Ordos Basin
Authors: Liu Yanzhao , Ren Zhanli , Qi Kai , Yan Xinyun , Xiong Beile , Liu Jian , Ren Junfeng , Xing Guangyuan , Jia Mingxing , Yao Juwen , Tian Hongwei
Published: January 2025

The Ordovician carbonate formations in the Ordos Basin provide a crucial stratigraphic unit for prospective oil and gas exploration. Significant progress has been made in the exploration of natural gas within the Ordovician subsalt formations. Nonetheless, understanding its accumulating properties requires additional investigation. Clarifying the formation periods of the carbonate rock reservoirs in the Majiagou Formation of the basin can furnish a theoretical foundation for advanced exploration of carbonate rock oil and gas. This study uses fluid inclusion petrography, laser Raman spectroscopy, and microscopic temperature measurement methods, along with information about the basin’s history of burial and thermal evolution, to look at the oil and gas charging periods of Majiagou Formation reservoir in the central-eastern basin. The results show that there are two stages of hydrocarbon inclusions. The first stage has blue fluorescence and temperature peaks between 85 and 95 °C in the central basin and between 105 and 115 °C in the eastern basin. For the second stage, no fluorescence can be observed. Meanwhile, the temperature peaks are between 175 and 185 °C in the central basin, and between 165 and 175 °C in the eastern basin. In the central part of the basin, oil charging began in the Late Triassic (231–203 Ma) and reached the gas generation stage in the Late Early Cretaceous (121–112 Ma), peaking in natural gas charging. In contrast, the reservoirs in the eastern part of the basin experienced a primary oil charging stage in the Early Jurassic (196–164 Ma) and entered the gas generation stage in the Late Early Cretaceous (110–101 Ma). The hydrocarbon charging process in the study area is mainly controlled by the thermal evolution history of the basin. The study determines that the central basin enters the threshold of hydrocarbon generation earlier than the eastern basin, leading to earlier oil and gas charging.
Postoperative Empyema Due to Leclercia adecarboxylata Following Mesothelioma Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Montenegro John Fernando , Diaz-Diaz Miguel Ángel , Vidal-Cañas Sinthia , Urriago Gustavo , Correa Vanessa , Melo-Burbano Luis Álvaro , Liscano Yamil
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Leclercia adecarboxylata (L. adecarboxylata) is a rare opportunistic pathogen that can cause severe infections like empyema, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. We aim to highlight the importance of the early detection and personalized treatment of L. adecarboxylata infections in patients with comorbidities such as malignant mesothelioma. Methods: We present the case of a 57-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and malignant mesothelioma who developed a parapneumonic effusion that progressed to empyema. After undergoing pleurectomy and pleurodesis, intraoperative cultures identified L. adecarboxylata. Targeted antibiotic therapy was initiated based on the culture results, and the patient’s response was closely monitored. Results: The patient responded well to targeted antibiotic therapy with ampicillin/sulbactam following the initial empirical treatment with piperacillin/tazobactam. The identification of L. adecarboxylata—a rare finding in empyema cases—was crucial for effective management. The patient recovered fully without complications, highlighting the importance of the early identification and individualized treatment of infections caused by rare pathogens. Conclusions: This case underscores the need to consider L. adecarboxylata in immunocompromised patients presenting with unusual infections. Early detection through advanced diagnostic techniques and personalized antibiotic therapy can improve clinical outcomes and help prevent antimicrobial resistance. Increased clinical awareness and further research into the resistance patterns and treatment approaches for L. adecarboxylata are essential to enhance patient care.
Evaluating Potentials of Activated Carbon, Inoculum Diversity, and Total Solids Content for Improved Digestate Quality in Anaerobic Food Waste Treatment
Authors: Akinbomi Julius G. , Patinvoh Regina J. , Atunrase Omotoyosi S. , Onyenuwe Benjamin C. , Emereonye Chibuike N. , Ajeigbe Joshua F. , Taherzadeh Mohammad J.
Published: January 2025

The potential presence of toxic compounds in the digestate obtained from the anaerobic digestion of biodegradable waste restricts its application as a biofertilizer for soil conditioning and plant growth enhancement. The aim of this study was to assess digestate quality in terms of plant nutrient composition by evaluating the effects of activated carbon supplementation, inoculum source, and total solids content in the anaerobic digestion medium. The anaerobic digestion of food waste was conducted over a 60-day period at 25 °C in a 2.5 L bioreactor. The results demonstrated that inoculum diversity significantly impacted the digestate composition, particularly the zinc nutrient, with a p-value of 0.0054. This suggests that microbial diversity influences the valorization of organic waste into biofertilizer. However, the effects of inoculum diversity on other nutrients, aside from zinc, were not significant due to substantial interaction effects. Furthermore, assessing the impact of activated carbon supplementation proved challenging, as it was analyzed as part of a subset of the other two factors. The results of the digestate composition analysis indicated that activated carbon supplementation exhibited some influence on nutrient composition, necessitating further research to elucidate its significance. The findings of this study may contribute to enhancing the quality of digestate as a biofertilizer.