bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The protective effect of apolipoprotein H in paediatric sepsis
Authors: Yu Zhicai , Xiao Changxue , Liu Rong , Pi Dandan , Jin Bian , Zou Zhen , Xu Feng
Published: January 2024

Background

Sepsis is a severe condition characterized by acute organ dysfunction resulting from an imbalanced host immune response to infections. Apolipoprotein H (APOH) is a critical plasma protein that plays a crucial role in regulating various biological processes. However, the precise role of APOH in the immunopathology of paediatric sepsis remains unclear.

Methods

In this study, we evaluated the concentration of APOH in paediatric patients with sepsis and healthy individuals. In an experimental sepsis model of caecal ligation and puncture (CLP), the impact of APOH on survival, organ injury, and inflammation was measured. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effects of APOH were investigated across diverse immune cell types, encompassing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), peritoneal macrophages (PMs), bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), and RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Results

In the pilot cohort, the relative abundance of APOH was found to be decreased in patients with sepsis (2.94 ± 0.61) compared to healthy controls (1.13 ± 0.84) (p < 0.001), non-survivors had lower levels of APOH (0.50 ± 0.37) compared to survivors (1.45 ± 0.83) (p < 0.05). In the validation cohort, the serum concentration of APOH was significantly decreased in patients with sepsis (202.0 ± 22.5 ng/ml) compared to healthy controls (409.5 ± 182.9 ng/ml) (p < 0.0001). The application of recombinant APOH protein as a therapeutic intervention significantly lowered the mortality rate, mitigated organ injury, and suppressed inflammation in mice with severe sepsis. In contrast, neutralizing APOH with an anti-APOH monoclonal antibody increased the mortality rate, exacerbated organ injury, and intensified inflammation in mice with non-severe sepsis. Intriguingly, APOH exhibited minimal effects on the bacterial burden, neutrophil, and macrophage counts in the sepsis mouse model, along with negligible effects on bacterial phagocytosis and killing during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in PMs, RAW 264.7 cells, and PBMCs. Mechanistic investigations in PMs and RAW 264.7 cells revealed that APOH inhibited M1 polarization in macrophages by suppressing toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling pathway.

Conclusion

This proof-of-concept study demonstrated that APOH has a protective role in the host defense response to sepsis, highlighting the potential therapeutic value of APOH in sepsis treatment.

Graphical abstract
Effectiveness and brain mechanism of multi-target transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on motor learning in stroke patients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lai Ming-Hui , Yu Xiao-Ming , Lu Yan , Wang Hong-Lin , Fu Wang , Zhou Huan-Xia , Li Yuan-Li , Hu Jun , Xia Jiayi , Hu Zekai , Shan Chun-Lei , Wang Feng , Wang Cong
Published: January 2024

Background

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has proven to be an effective treatment for improving cognition, a crucial factor in motor learning. However, current studies are predominantly focused on the motor cortex, and the potential brain mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic effects are still unclear. Given the interconnected nature of motor learning within the brain network, we have proposed a novel approach known as multi-target tACS. This study aims to ascertain whether multi-target tACS is more effective than single-target stimulation in stroke patients and to further explore the potential underlying brain mechanisms by using techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

This study employs a double-blind, sham-controlled, randomized controlled trial design with a 2-week intervention period. Both participants and outcome assessors will remain unaware of treatment allocation throughout the study. Thirty-nine stroke patients will be recruited and randomized into three distinct groups, including the sham tACS group (SS group), the single-target tACS group (ST group), and the multi-target tACS group (MT group), at a 1:1:1 ratio. The primary outcomes are series reaction time tests (SRTTs) combined with electroencephalograms (EEGs). The secondary outcomes include motor evoked potential (MEP), central motor conduction time (CMCT), short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Box and Block Test (BBT), and blood sample RNA sequencing. The tACS interventions for all three groups will be administered over a 2-week period, with outcome assessments conducted at baseline (T0) and 1 day (T1), 7 days (T2), and 14 days (T3) of the intervention phase.

Discussion

The study’s findings will determine the potential of 40-Hz tACS to improve motor learning in stroke patients. Additionally, it will compare the effectiveness of multi-target and single-target approaches, shedding light on their respective improvement effects. Through the utilization of techniques such as TMS and MRI, the study aims to uncover the underlying brain mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic impact. Furthermore, the intervention has the potential to facilitate motor learning efficiency, thereby contributing to the advancement of future stroke rehabilitation treatment.

Trial registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2300073465. Registered on 11 July 2023.
Geography, phylogeny and host switch drive the coevolution of parasitic Gyrodactylus flatworms and their hosts
Authors: Lei Hong-Peng , Jakovlić Ivan , Zhou Shun , Liu Xiang , Yan Chuan , Jin Xiao , Wang Bo , Li Wen-Xiang , Wang Gui-Tang , Zhang Dong
Published: January 2024

Background

Gyrodactylus is a lineage of monogenean flatworm ectoparasites exhibiting many features that make them a suitable model to study the host-parasite coevolutionary dynamics. Previous coevolutionary studies of this lineage mainly relied on low-power datasets (a small number of samples and a single molecular marker) and (now) outdated algorithms.

Methods

To investigate the coevolutionary relationship of gyrodactylids and their fish hosts in high resolution, we used complete mitogenomes (including two newly sequenced Gyrodactylus species), a large number of species in the single-gene dataset, and four different coevolutionary algorithms.

Results

The overall coevolutionary fit between the parasites and hosts was consistently significant. Multiple indicators confirmed that gyrodactylids are generally highly host-specific parasites, but several species could parasitize either multiple (more than 5) or phylogenetically distant fish hosts. The molecular dating results indicated that gyrodactylids tend to evolve towards high host specificity. Speciation by host switch was identified as a more important speciation mode than co-speciation. Assuming that the ancestral host belonged to Cypriniformes, we inferred four major host switch events to non-Cypriniformes hosts (mostly Salmoniformes), all of which occurred deep in the evolutionary history. Despite their relative rarity, these events had strong macroevolutionary consequences for gyrodactylid diversity. For example, in our dataset, 57.28% of all studied gyrodactylids parasitized only non-Cypriniformes hosts, which implies that the evolutionary history of more than half of all included lineages could be traced back to these major host switch events. The geographical co-occurrence of fishes and gyrodactylids determined the host use by these gyrodactylids, and geography accounted for most of the phylogenetic signal in host use.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the coevolution of Gyrodactylus flatworms and their hosts is largely driven by geography, phylogeny, and host switches.

Graphical Abstract
A higher TyG index level is more likely to have enhanced incidence of T2DM and HTN comorbidity in elderly Chinese people: a prospective observational study from the reaction study
Authors: Su Wanlu , Wang Jie , Chen Kang , Yan Wenhua , Gao Zhengnan , Tang Xulei , Wan Qin , Luo Zuojie , Ning Guang , Mu Yiming
Published: January 2024

Background

Triglyceride glucose index (TyG index) was related with both type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and hypertension (HTN). Prospective studies linking the TyG index to the incidence of T2DM and HTN comorbidity remain unclear. This study aimed to to explore the longitudinal association between TyG and new-onset T2DM with HTN.

Methods

4,434 subjects (1249 males and 3185 females) without initial T2DM and HTN were followed up for 7 years. This study was conducted from November 2011 to August 2018 in the Gucheng, Laoshan and Jinding communities of Beijing. The incidence of T2DM with HTN during the 7-year follow-up was identified as the endpoint. The TyG index was divided into four quartiles: the < 25% level, the 25–50% level, the 50–75% level and the ≥ 75% level. The relationships between the TyG index and T2DM with HTN were evaluated by Cox proportional hazards regression models.

Results

During 7 years, the augmented trend of T2DM with HTN was observed in the participants. After adjusting for all confounding factors, compared with those in the lowest quartile of TyG index, the population in the highest quartile of TyG index had a higher risk of T2DM with HTN (hazard ratio (HR), 2.878; 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), 1.230–6.731, P = 0.015), however, the association remained significant only in the female population (HR 2.753, 95% CI, 1.061–7.139, p = 0.037). The TyG had superior predictive ability of increased risk of T2DM with HTN for the populations of older age (≥ 65 years) (HR 2.694, 95% CI 1.212–5.989, p = 0.015), higher eGFR (≥ 90 mL/(min·1.73 m2)) (HR 2.603, 95% CI 1.164–5.818, p = 0.020) or obesity (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2) (HR 2.547, 95% CI 1.001–6.478, p = 0.020).

Conclusion

A population with a higher TyG index level was more likely to have an enhanced incidence of T2DM and HTN comorbidity. TyG index could have the significance of clinical in early protection against T2DM with HTN.
Some multidimensional fixed point theorems for nonlinear contractions in C-distance spaces with applications
Authors: Rashid Maliha , Saleem Naeem , Bibi Rabia , George Reny
Published: January 2024

In this manuscript, we use the concept of multidimensional fixed point in a generalized space, namely, C-distance space with some nonlinear contraction conditions, such as Jaggi- and Dass-Gupta-type contractions. We provide results with a Jaggi-type hybrid contraction for the mentioned space. Moreover, we use control functions to get the desired results. After each theorem, we compare our results with previous ones to show that they are generalized. We provide examples to support our results. An application is also performed to solve the system of integral equations.
First report card on physical activity for children and adolescents in Slovakia: a comprehensive analysis, international comparison, and identification of surveillance gaps
Authors: Bakalár Peter , Hnidková Lenka , Ružbarská Beáta , Ružbarský Pavel , Slančová Terézia Kovalik , Kopčáková Jaroslava , Kostičová Michaela , Gába Aleš
Published: January 2024

Background

National surveillance of physical activity (PA) is essential to establish public health policy actions for PA promotion and evaluation, thereby promoting accountability. The main goal of this study is to comprehensively analyse surveillance data on PA behaviours, outcomes, and influencing factors among Slovakian children and adolescents by using the methodology of the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance Global Matrix (AHKGA-GM) project. Secondary goals are to provide comparisons with international data and the identification of surveillance gaps.

Methods

A comprehensive multilevel search strategy for data about 10 core indicators and 1 additional indicator published between 2015 and 2020 (solely pre-COVID-19-pandemic data) was used. The data were then synthesised, and a set of standardised benchmarks was used to assign grades according to The Global Matrix 4.0 Grading Rubric.

Results

A total of 552 potentially relevant data resources were retrieved, of which 34 were identified as eligible for data extraction. Grade B was assigned to four core indicators, grade C to five core indicators, and grade D to one core indicator. The additional Sleep indicator was graded a C–. Compared with the average grades from countries with high Human Development Index scores, Slovakia received higher grades in five core indicators (Overall Physical Activity, Active Transportation, Sedentary Behaviours, School, Government), and in the aggregate Behavioural average and Overall average. Compared with global averages, Slovakia had higher grades in the aforementioned core and aggregate indicators, and in the Community and Environment core indicator and aggregate Sources of Influence average indicator. Numerous surveillance gaps were identified.

Conclusions

The overall grading of the available surveillance data suggests the need for improvement in all 10 surveilled core indicators, and in additional Sleep indicator. Despite the fact that numerous identified surveillance gaps limit the overall informative value of the current grade, they provide the important information needed to enhance surveillance of PA-related indicators in Slovakia. For instance, the focus should be put on younger children and parents, on obtaining the device-measured data on various movement behaviours, on the topic of outdoor physical activities, and policy evaluation.
Potential unexpected effects of meat reduction in diet: Could educational attainment influence meat substitution strategies?
Authors: Levasseur Pierre , Mariotti François , Denis Isabelle , Davidenko Olga
Published: January 2024

Regulation of meat consumption appears to be a relevant public policy to limit diet-related greenhouse gas emissions. However, the real impact of such a policy (e.g., tax) on human health and nutrition remains uncertain, especially for underprivileged individuals. Based on representative data from France, we estimate potential trend differences in the association between meat consumption and nutritional outcomes, such as body mass index (BMI) and unhealthy food intake, according to individual educational attainment. We reveal that among adults with low education levels, reduced meat consumption was significantly associated with a higher BMI, a higher risk of being overweight, and greater intake of ultra-processed foods, sweet drinks, and sugar. By contrast, reduced meat consumption was associated with healthier nutritional status for the most educated individuals. These results are robust to several measurements of socioeconomic status (SES) such as household income, occupation, and financial insecurity perception. In summary, high-SES individuals may be more prone to replace meat with healthy alternatives, whereas low-SES individuals may tend to replace meat with energy-dense foods and beverages, including ultra-processed foods. In terms of the contribution to science and society, this study is the first to show that SES changes the relationship between meat consumption and nutritional outcomes. Our findings call for future research on this topic to provide actionable recommendations to implement a fair and healthy food transition.
Interplay between androgen and CXCR4 chemokine signaling in myelin repair
Authors: Asbelaoui Narimène , Abi-Ghanem Charly , Schlecht-Louf Géraldine , Oukil Hania , Degerny Cindy ,   The Netherlands Brain Bank, Schumacher Michael , Ghoumari Abdel Mouman
Published: January 2024

In men, reduced levels of testosterone are associated with the prevalence and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic and disabling demyelinating disorder. Testosterone has been shown to promote myelin repair. Here, we demonstrate that the cooperation between testosterone and CXCR4 signaling involving astrocytes is required for myelin regeneration after focal demyelination produced in the ventral mouse spinal cord by the infusion of lysolecithin. The testosterone-dependent remyelination of axons by oligodendrocytes was accompanied by an increase in astrocytes expressing CXCR4, its ligand CXCL12 and the androgen receptor (AR) within the demyelinated area. Depriving males of their testosterone or pharmacological inhibition of CXCR4, with the selective antagonist AMD3100, prevented the appearance of astrocytes expressing CXCR4, CXCL12 and AR within the demyelinated area and the concomitant recruitment of myelin forming oligodendrocytes. Conditional genetic ablation of either CXCR4 or AR in astrocytes also completely blocked the formation of new myelin by oligodendrocytes. Interestingly, the gain of function mutation in CXCR4 causing WHIM syndrome allows remyelination to take place, even in the absence of testosterone, but its potentiating effects remained observable. After testosterone deprivation or CXCR4 inhibition, the absence of astrocytes within the demyelinated area led to the incursion of Schwann cells, most likely derived from spinal nerves, and the formation of peripheral nerve type myelin. In patients with progressive MS, astrocytes expressing CXCR4 and AR surrounded myelin lesions, and their presence opposed the incursion of Schwann cells. These results highlight a mechanism of promyelinating testosterone signaling and the importance of normalizing its levels in combined myelin repair therapies.
Embryo development is impaired by sperm mitochondrial-derived ROS
Authors: Mateo-Otero Yentel , Llavanera Marc , Torres-Garrido Marc , Yeste Marc
Published: January 2024

Background

Basal energetic metabolism in sperm, particularly oxidative phosphorylation, is known to condition not only their oocyte fertilising ability, but also the subsequent embryo development. While the molecular pathways underlying these events still need to be elucidated, reactive oxygen species (ROS) could have a relevant role. We, therefore, aimed to describe the mechanisms through which mitochondrial activity can influence the first stages of embryo development.

Results

We first show that embryo development is tightly influenced by both intracellular ROS and mitochondrial activity. In addition, we depict that the inhibition of mitochondrial activity dramatically decreases intracellular ROS levels. Finally, we also demonstrate that the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration positively influences sperm DNA integrity, most likely because of the depletion of intracellular ROS formation.

Conclusion

Collectively, the data presented in this work reveals that impairment of early embryo development may result from the accumulation of sperm DNA damage caused by mitochondrial-derived ROS.
Forest fragmentation causes an isolated population of the golden takin (Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi Thomas, 1911) (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) in the Qinling Mountains (China)
Authors: Feng Hui , Cao Fangjun , Jin Tiezhi , Wang Lu
Published: January 2024

Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi is a rare animal uniquely distributed in the Qinling Mountains (China). Human disturbance and habitat fragmentation have directly affected the survival of B. t. bedfordi. It is urgent to clarify the genetic diversity and genetic structure of the B. t. bedfordi population and implement effective conservation measures. In this study, 20 new polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated by Illumina sequencing. The genetic diversity and population structure of 124 B. t. bedfordi individuals from three populations (Niubeliang population, Zhouzhi population, and Foping population) were analysed according to these 20 microsatellite loci. Our results indicated that B. t. bedfordi had a low level of genetic variability and that there was inbreeding in the three populations. The population genetic structure analyses showed that the Niubeliang population had a trend of differentiation from other populations. National roads can affect population dispersal, while ecological corridors can promote population gene exchange. None of the three B. t. bedfordi populations experienced bottleneck effects. For conservation management plans, the Zhouzhi population and Foping population should be considered one management unit, and the Niubeliang population should be considered another management unit. We suggest building an ecological corridor to keep the habitat connected and formulating tourism management measures to reduce the influence of human disturbance on B. t. bedfordi.
Development of a diet quality score and adherence to the Swiss dietary recommendations for vegans
Authors: Bez Natalie S. , Haddad Joyce , Tedde Giulia S. , Rose Karolin , Ivanov Aljoscha V. , Milazzo Marina , Wickart Joëlle , Casale Giulia , D’Ascanio Michele , Van der Horst Klazine , Herter-Aeberli Isabelle , Bogl Leonie H.
Published: January 2024

Background

Vegan diets have recently gained popularity in Switzerland as well as globally. The aim of the present study was to develop a diet quality score for vegans (DQS-V) based on the Swiss dietary recommendations for vegans.

Methods

The dataset included 52 healthy vegan adults. Dietary intake data were assessed by three-day weighed food records. Body weight and height were measured, and a venous blood sample for the analysis of vitamin and mineral status was collected. Spearman rank correlation coefficients were used due to not-normally distributed data. Dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis (PCA).

Results

The DQS-V score (mean ± SD) was 48.9 ± 14.7. Most vegans adhered to the recommended portions of vegetables, vitamin C-rich vegetables, fruits, omega-3-rich nuts, fats and oils, and iodized salt. However, the intake of green leafy vegetables, vitamin C-rich fruits, wholegrains, legumes, nuts and seeds, selenium-rich nuts, zero caloric liquid, and calcium-fortified foods was suboptimal. The sample overconsumed sweet-, salty-, fried foods, and alcohol. The DQS-V had a significantly positive correlation with intakes of fibre, polyunsaturated fatty acids, potassium, zinc, and phosphorus intakes (p’s < 0.05) but was negatively correlated with vitamin B12 and niacin intakes (p’s < 0.05). Two dietary patterns were derived from PCA: 1) refined grains and sweets and 2) wholegrains and nuts. The correlation between the DQS-V and the first dietary pattern was negative (− 0.41, p = 0.004) and positive for the second dietary pattern (0.37, p = 0.01). The refined grains and sweets dietary pattern was inversely correlated with beta-carotene status (− 0.41, p = 0.004) and vitamin C status (r = − 0.51, p = 0.0002).

Conclusion

The newly developed DQS-V provides a single score for estimating diet quality among vegan adults. Further validation studies examining the DQS-V in relation to an independent dietary assessment method and to biomarkers of nutritional intake and status are still needed before the general application of the DQS-V.
A novel PSMA-targeting tracer with highly negatively charged linker demonstrates decreased salivary gland uptake in mice compared to [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11
Authors: Huang Steve S. , DiFilippo Frank P. , Lindner Daniel J. , Heston Warren D.
Published: January 2024

Background

The current generation of radiolabeled PSMA-targeting therapeutic agents is limited by prominent salivary gland binding, which results in dose-limiting xerostomia from radiation exposure. JB-1498 is a urea-based small molecule with a highly negatively charged linker targeting prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Prior work on a similar tracer with the same negatively charged linker demonstrated low normal organ/soft tissue background uptake compared to [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11. The purpose of this study was to investigate if [68Ga]Ga-JB-1498 had reduced salivary gland uptake in mice compared to [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11.

Results

JB-1498 demonstrated high affinity for PSMA binding and tumor uptake in a murine tumor model. In an initial biodistribution study with low molar activity, [68Ga]Ga-JB-1498 demonstrated salivary gland uptake of 0.13 ± 0.01%ID/g. In a second biodistribution study in non-tumor-bearing mice with high molar activity, [68Ga]Ga-JB1498 demonstrated salivary gland uptake of 0.39 ± 0.24% ID/g and kidney activity of 10.12 ± 1.73% ID/g at one hour post IV injection. This salivary gland uptake is significantly less than the published uptake of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11. Micro-PET visually confirmed the findings of the biodistribution studies. Dynamic micro-PET imaging demonstrated gradually decreasing [68Ga]Ga-JB1498 activity in salivary glands and kidneys, compared to gradually increasing [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 activity in these two organs during the first hour.

Conclusion

Biodistribution and micro-PET imaging of [68Ga]Ga-JB-1498 demonstrate significantly decreased salivary gland uptake and different pharmacokinetic behavior in kidneys and salivary glands in mice compared to [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11. Our findings suggest that constructing a PSMA-targeting molecule with a highly negatively charged linker is a promising strategy to reduce salivary gland uptake of GCP-II/PSMA ligands in theranostic applications.
Atherosclerotic plaque features relevant to rupture-risk detected by clinical photon-counting CT ex vivo: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Shami Annelie , Sun Jiangming , Gialeli Chrysostomi , Markstad Hanna , Edsfeldt Andreas , Aurumskjöld Marie-Louise , Gonçalves Isabel
Published: January 2024

Background

To identify subjects with rupture-prone atherosclerotic plaques before thrombotic events occur is an unmet clinical need. Thus, this proof-of-concept study aims to determine which rupture-prone plaque features can be detected using clinically available photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT).

Methods

In this retrospective study, advanced atherosclerotic plaques (ex vivo, paraffin-embedded) from the Carotid Plaque Imaging Project were scanned by PCCT with reconstructed energy levels (45, 70, 120, 190 keV). Density in HU was measured in 97 regions of interest (ROIs) representing rupture-prone plaque features as demonstrated by histopathology (thrombus, lipid core, necrosis, fibrosis, intraplaque haemorrhage, calcium). The relationship between HU and energy was then assessed using a mixed-effects model for each plaque feature.

Results

Plaques from five men (age 79 ± 8 [mean ± standard deviation]) were included in the study. Comparing differences in coefficients (b1diff) of matched ROIs on plaque images obtained by PCCT and histology confirmed that calcium was distinguishable from all other analysed features. Of greater novelty, additional rupture-prone plaque features proved discernible from each other, particularly when comparing haemorrhage with fibrous cap (p = 0.017), lipids (p = 0.003) and necrosis (p = 0.004) and thrombus compared to fibrosis (p = 0.048), fibrous cap (p = 0.028), lipids (p = 0.015) and necrosis (p = 0.017).

Conclusions

Clinically available PCCT detects not only calcification, but also other rupture-prone features of human carotid plaques ex vivo.

Relevance statement

Improved atherosclerotic plaque characterisation by photon-counting CT provides the ability to distinguish not only calcium, but also rupture-prone plaque features such as haemorrhage and thrombus. This may potentially improve monitoring and risk stratification of atherosclerotic patients in order to prevent strokes.

Key points

• CT of atherosclerotic plaques mainly detects calcium.

• Many components, such as intra-plaque haemorrhage and lipids, determine increased plaque rupture risk.

• Ex vivo carotid plaque photon-counting CT distinguishes haemorrhage and thrombus.

• Improved plaque photon-counting CT evaluation may refine risk stratification accuracy to prevent strokes.

Graphical Abstract
Diagnostic delay and health-related quality of life in Egyptian women with endometriosis
Authors: Othman Essam R. , Abdelmagied Ahmed M. , Khashbah Maha Y. , Lambalk Cornelis B. , Mijatovic Velja
Published: January 2024

Background

Firstly, to measure indicators of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Egyptian women with endometriosis; and secondly, to estimate time interval from start of symptoms until endometriosis diagnosis is made (diagnostic delay) in Egyptian women with the disease.

Material and methods

Before laparoscopy for pelvic pain and/or infertility, eligible Egyptian women completed Global Study of Women’s Health (GSWH) questionnaire and validated Arabic version of Rand SF 36 (SF-36). According to laparoscopic findings, participants were divided to endometriosis group and control women with no pelvic abnormalities.

Results

Seventy women with endometriosis and 57 symptomatic controls without endometriosis were enrolled. A diagnostic delay of 36 months (IQR 22.5–60) was observed in women with endometriosis while symptomatic controls had a delay of 48 months (IQR 24–84). The difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.08). Bodily pain (BP) scores were significantly lower in women with endometriosis than controls [80.0 (45.0–100.0) versus 100.0 (68.75–100.0) respectively, P is 0.01]. Women with advanced endometriosis had significantly lower scores for physical functioning (PF), role limitation due to physical function (RP), and BP compared to women with mild endometriosis, and to controls. Physical component summary (PCS) scores were significantly lower in women with advanced stage endometriosis [41.51 (34.19–51.54] compared to women with early-stage disease [58.33 (50.98–60.37)] or control group [54.72 (48.81–59.58)]. Patient’s age, intensity of noncyclical pelvic pain, and disease stage are determining factors of HRQoL in women with endometriosis.

Conclusions

Egyptian women with endometriosis experience relatively short diagnostic delay, poor bodily pain scores, and impaired physical health for which age, disease stage, and non-cyclic pain are determinants. Multi-disciplinary endometriosis centers, educational programs, and patient support groups are needed in Egypt.
The role of non-typable Haemophilus influenza in recurrent otitis media in children
Authors: Ghallab Abdelhakim Fouad , Sleit Ahmed Mohsen , Elsayed Rasha Abd Elhamid , Abdelrazek Anas Mohsen , Abu Shady Eslam Farid , Elnems Mohamed Goda
Published: January 2024

Background

When reaching their first birthday, kids in poor nations and about 62% of children in wealthier countries experience their initial occurrence of otitis media. The primary culprits for these bacterial ear infections in infants are the non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) strains, known for causing both acute and recurring episodes of otitis media. This study aimed to isolate and identify the non-typable Haemophilus influenzae isolates in children with recurrent otitis media and to evaluate the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolated Haemophilus influenzae strains.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 children (38 males and 22 females) who suffered from recurrent acute otitis media, ranging in age from 6 months to 5 years, and presented at the outpatient clinic between June 2022 and March 2023. Swabs were collected from ear discharge and examined using the Vitek system and PCR.

Results

Microbiological examination of ear swabs revealed that H. influenzae was the most commonly isolated species (38.3%), followed by S. pneumoniae (26.7%). The current study found that 82.6% of Haemophilus influenzae isolates were non-typeable, whereas only 17.4% were typeable based on PCR results. The results were considered highly significant (Hs) as the P value was < 0.001. High-level resistance of H. influenzae isolates was observed against ampicillin (78.3%), while high-level sensitivity was noted with Amoxicillin-clavulanate (73.9%). NTHi was significantly associated with the presence of complications compared to other organisms (78.3%).

Conclusions

This study concluded that NTHi plays a significant role in recurrent acute otitis media (rAOM). Therefore, we hope that significant advancements will be made in developing an efficient vaccine against NTHi in the near future.
New Federal Guidance Makes It Harder for Patients With Cancer to Access Drugs
Authors: Mullangi Samyukta , Jain Anshu K. , Wilfong Lalan , Schleicher Stephen
Published: January 2024

A recent interpretation of the Stark Law limits cancer practices from delivering drugs to their patients by mail or courier—a perverse interpretation of a law meant to curb physician self-referrals and one that has led to patient harm.
Development of a PVA/PCL/CS-Based Nanofibrous Membrane for Guided Tissue Regeneration and Controlled Delivery of Doxycycline Hydrochloride in Management of Periodontitis: In Vivo Evaluation in Rats
Authors: Mirzaeei Shahla , Pourfarzi Shadman , Saeedi Morteza , Taghe Shiva , Nokhodchi Ali
Published: January 2024

Antibiotic administration is an adjacent therapy to guided tissue regeneration (GTR) in the management of periodontitis. This is due to the major role of pathogen biofilm in aggravating periodontal defects. This study aimed to fabricate a GTR membrane for sustained delivery of doxycycline hydrochloride (DOX) while having a space-maintaining function. The membranes were prepared using a polymeric blend of polycaprolactone/polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan by the electrospinning technique. The obtained membranes were characterized in terms of physicochemical and biological properties. Nanofibers showed a mean diameter in the submicron range of < 450 nm while having uniform randomly aligned morphology. The obtained membranes showed high strength and flexibility. A prolonged in vitro release profile during 68 h was observed for manufactured formulations. The prepared membranes showed a cell viability of > 70% at different DOX concentrations. The formulations possessed antimicrobial efficacy against common pathogens responsible for periodontitis. In vivo evaluation also showed prolonged release of DOX for 14 days. The histopathological evaluation confirmed the biocompatibility of the GTR membrane. In conclusion, the developed nanofibrous DOX-loaded GTR membranes may have beneficial characteristics in favour of both sustained antibiotic delivery and periodontal regeneration by space-maintaining function without causing any irritation and tissue damage.
Gender and Pathways to Leadership in Academic Anesthesiology: A Qualitative Content Analysis of US Chairpersons’ Curricula Vitae
Authors: Lane-Fall Meghan B. , Hastie Maya J. , Kleid Melanie , Yarabarla Varun , Miltiades Andrea N. , Wiener-Kronish Jeanine P. , Pian-Smith May C.
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:

Women are underrepresented in medicine and academic anesthesiology, and especially in leadership positions. We sought to characterize career achievement milestones of female versus male academic anesthesiology chairs to understand possible gender-related differences in pathways to leadership.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective observational cross-sectional analysis. In November 2019, curricula vitae (CVs) were requested from then-current members of the US Association of Academic Anesthesiology Chairs. Data reflecting accomplishments up to the time of chair appointment were systematically extracted from CVs and analyzed using a mixed methods approach with qualitative content analysis supplemented by descriptive statistics and bivariate statistical testing. Missing data were not imputed.

RESULTS:

Seventy-two CVs were received from eligible individuals (response rate 67.3%). The respondent sample was 12.5% women (n = 9), 87.5% men (n = 63), and no transgender or nonbinary people; this is similar to the known gender balance in anesthesiology chairs in the United States. No statistically significant differences in objective markers of academic achievement at the time of chair appointment were evident for female versus male chairs, including time elapsed between the first faculty appointment and assumption of the chair role (median 25 vs 18 years, P = .06), number of publications at the time the chair was assumed (101 vs 69, P = .28), or proportion who had ever held a National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant as principal investigator (44.4% vs 25.4%, 0.25). Four phenotypes of career paths were discernible in the data: the clinician-administrator, the educator, the investigator, and the well-rounded scholar; these did not differ by gender.

CONCLUSIONS:

Female chairpersons who were members of the Association of Academic Anesthesiology Chairs in the United States demonstrated similar patterns of academic achievement as compared to male chairpersons at the time the position of chair was assumed, suggesting that they were equally qualified for the role as compared to men. Four patterns of career achievements were evident in the chairperson group, suggesting multiple viable pathways to this leadership position.
Intertemporal Altruism
Authors: Chopra Felix , Falk Armin , Graeber Thomas
Published: January 2024

Most prosocial decisions involve intertemporal trade-offs. Yet, the timing of prosocial utility flows is ambiguous and bypassed by most models of other-regarding preferences. We study the behavioral implications of the time structure of prosocial utility, leveraging a conceptual distinction between consequence-dated and choice-dated utility flows. We conduct a high-stakes donation experiment that comprehensively characterizes discounting behavior in self–other tradeoffs and allows us to identify different prosocial motives from their distinct time profiles. Our data can only be explained by a combination of choice- and consequence-dated prosocial utility. Both motives are pervasive and negatively correlated at the individual level. (JEL D15, D64, D91, I12, L31)
Amazonian stingless bees: lethal concentration and mortality after exposure to insecticide in Melipona interrupta Latreire, 1811 (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Campos Douglas de , Silva-Lima Juciane Conceição da , Carvalho-Zilse Gislene Almeida
Published: January 2024

Neonicotinoid insecticides can cause a reduction in feeding rate, locomotion, and behavioral changes such as a reduction in flight speed and distance traveled by adult bees. Chronic exposure to sublethal concentrations can result in behavioral disorders and memory loss. This study investigated the effects of insecticides on Amazonian stingless bees, evaluated whether Melipona interrupta Latreire, 1811, is sensitive and does not reject food contaminated with Thiamethoxam, and compared the effects on native stingless bees from the northern region to Apis mellifera. Mortality was evaluated in these bees when exposed to Tiamethoxam (absolute standard AS and Actara 250 WG - commercial product) and Dimethoate AS as a positive control, thus verifying the lethal concentration 50 (LC50) for the species M. interrupta, popularly known as jupará. The mortality of forager workers exposed to active ingredient formulations indicated an LC50 of 24.77 ng/μL for Dimethoate, validating the tests, and 1.28 ng/μL for Tiamethoxam AS and 1.22 ng/μL for Actara 250 WG, values much lower than those found for A. mellifera bees, which were 4.28 ng i.a./µL of Tiamethoxam. Therefore, we concluded that formulations with the active ingredients Dimethoate and Tiamethoxam are highly toxic to Amazonian bees of the species M. interrupta.
Robotic-assisted cholecystectomy in the third trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Marvelyn Iweh  , Seham Azzam  , Jocelin Loewen  , Christopher Wilhelm  , Nathan Kragh  , Basem Soliman
Published: January 2024

Acute and chronic cholecystitis commonly occur during pregnancy. Hormonal changes during pregnancy put women at a higher risk of forming gallstones and biliary dyskinesia leading to disease. The standard of care for acute cholecystitis is to have an elective cholecystectomy within 48 hours. Extensive research exists on the current practice of performing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy in pregnancy. Based on our review of the current literature, there is only one report that details a robotic cholecystectomy performed on a pregnant patient. This report will detail the methods used to perform the surgery and steps taken to ensure the safety of mother and fetus.  It will describe the unique circumstances surrounding the robotic technique used in this case and include the demographics and background of this patient, in an effort to promote this technique in future cases.
 
Key words: obstetrics, acute cholecystitis, symptomatic cholelithiasis, pregnancy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, robotic-assisted cholecystectomy
Texas accounts for 25% of national congenital syphilis cases in 2022
Authors: Payne J. Drew , Derrick William , Wells Katherine
Published: January 2024

Syphilis cases have increased dramatically, with a 500% rise in Lubbock County from 2019 to 2023. Texas, alone, reported approximately 25% of U.S. congenital syphilis cases in 2022, indicating a broader public health threat. This rise in congenital syphilis is particularly concerning and a harbinger for systemic issues with the healthcare system. Healthcare professionals must screen patients for risk factors, increase routine testing and administer effective treatment protocols.
Fluid management based on renal function considerations
Authors: Motes Arunee , Nugent Kenneth , Pena Camilo
Published: January 2024

Intravenous fluid administration is one of the most commonly used interventions in acutely ill patients. Almost all hospitalized patients receive intravenous fluids for either volume resuscitation or as diluents for drug administration.  However, recent studies suggest that fluid overload is associated with acute kidney injury and that fluid administration beyond the volume needed to correct the fluid deficit is associated with increased morbidity, longer hospital stays, and mortality.  The exact cause and effect underlying this association remains uncertain.  Previous studies have reported a correlation between fluid overload and mortality in critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute lung injury, sepsis, and acute kidney injury.  In patients with acute kidney injury, a higher percentage of fluid overload has been associated with higher mortality and shorter ventilator-free days starting during the initial management in the intensive care unit.  Similarly, in a large multicenter study, a positive fluid balance was an important factor associated with increased 60-day mortality in patients with acute kidney injury.  This review analyzes the use of intravenous fluids and renal function, including types of intravenous fluid, cumulative fluid targets, endpoint hemodynamic indicators, and renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury.
 
Key words: volume status, intravenous fluids, fluid balance, acute kidney injury, volume excess
Mechanical power during mechanical ventilation
Authors: Nugent Kenneth , Berdine Gilbert
Published: January 2024

Mechanical ventilation provides lifesaving support for patients with acute respiratory failure.  However, the pressures and volumes required to maintain gas exchange can cause ventilator-induced lung injury. The current approach to mechanical ventilation involves attention to both tidal volume and airway pressures, in particular plateau pressures and driving pressures. The ventilator provides energy to overcome airway resistance and to inflate alveolar structures. This energy delivered to the respiratory system per unit time equals mechanical power. Calculation of mechanical power provides a composite number that integrates pressures, volumes, and respiratory rates. Increased levels of mechanical power have been associated with tissue injury in animal models. In patients, mechanical power can predict outcomes, such as ICU mortality, when used in multivariable analyses. Increases in mechanical power during the initial phase of ventilation have been associated with worse outcomes. Mechanical power calculations can be used in patients on noninvasive ventilation, and measurements of mechanical power have been used to compare ventilator modes. Calculation of mechanical power requires measurement of the area in a hysteresis loop. Alternatively, simplified formulas have been developed to provide this calculation. However, this information is not available on most ventilators. Therefore, clinicians will need to make this calculation. In summary, calculation of mechanical power provides an estimate of the energy requirements for mechanical ventilation based on a composite of factors, including airway resistance, lung elastance, respiratory rate, and tidal volume.
 
Key words: mechanical ventilation, mechanical power, ventilator-induced lung injury, energy, work
Rare solid pseudopapillary neoplasm in a Caucasian man
Authors: Ratra Atul , Songtanin Busara , Arif Dauod , Das Kanak
Published: January 2024

Pancreatic pseudopapillary neoplasms are rare pancreatic tumors and have a female predominance. Clinical manifestations include abdominal pain and/or an abdominal mass. Some patients are asymptomatic, and the tumors are found incidentally on imaging. Endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle biopsy with pathological tissue remains the gold standard for diagnosis. The malignant potential is low, and surgery remains the standard treatment.
Keywords: Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, pancreatic tumor, pancreatic malignancy, endoscopic ultrasound
Onychocryptosis: A review of epidemiology, risk factors, classification, complications and effective therapeutic strategies.
Authors: Pawlik Paweł , Zaroda Przemysław , Dąda Paweł , Niewinna Patrycja , Żuchowski Michał , Mańdziuk Dominika , Kołodziej Klaudia , Kołodziej Wojciech , Wawrzkowicz Jakub , Korga Monika , Panuciak Kinga
Published: January 2024

Abstract: Ingrown toenails, clinically known as onychocryptosis, represent a prevalent nail pathology. The clinical manifestation involves symptoms typical for a foreign body reaction and in severe cases, tissue hypertrophy with complications may occur.  Key risk factors include improper nail care, trauma, obesity, tight footwear, poor foot hygiene, and genetic predisposition. The condition predominantly affects individuals between the first and the third decades of life and older adults, with a predilection for the great toe, especially the lateral skin fold. The Heifetz and Scholz classifications delineate the stages of ingrown toenails based on severity. Therapeutic approaches range from conservative procedures, such as taping, dental floss, gutter treatment, cotton nail cast, braces and super elastic wire to surgical interventions like partial or total nail avulsion, matricectomy and advanced techniques like the Vandebos procedure or the Winograd procedure. Although many studies have analysed available treatment methods, there is no consensus among specialists regarding the best therapeutic strategy. Complications include paronychia, infection, and scarring. A comprehensive therapeutic approach should consider clinical severity, patient preferences, and both conservative and surgical interventions, emphasizing the importance of larger randomized clinical trials to establish definitive guidelines.