bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary evidence of sustained expression of angiopoietin‐2 during monocyte differentiation in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Rodríguez‐Muñoz Yolanda , Martín‐Vílchez Samuel , López‐Rodríguez Rosario , Hernández‐Bartolomé Ángel , García‐Buey Luisa , Borque María J. , Moreno‐Otero Ricardo , Sanz‐Cameno Paloma
Published: February 2013

Background

Monocytes are essential precursors of antigen‐presenting cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, and contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer.

Aims

As Tie2‐expressing monocytes (TEMs) are increased in the peripheral blood of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), we aimed to examine the expression of Tie2 and angiopoietins (Ang1 and Ang2) during monocyte differentiation and maturation in CHC.

Methods

The expression of Tie2, CD11b, CD80, CD83, CD86 and MHC‐II was measured by flow cytometry in peripheral blood monocytes and monocytes‐derived cells (Mo‐DCs) from nine healthy subjects and eight CHC patients whose HCV infection was unresolved after combination therapy. Ang1 and Ang2 levels were measured in cellular supernatants by ELISA.

Results

Mo‐DCs from CHC patients expressed differential patterns of maturation markers compared with controls – primarily with regard to CD80. Tie2 was downregulated during monocyte differentiation in controls and CHC patients, whereas Ang1 expression was constant. However, Ang2 levels fell significantly during the differentiation of control monocytes, in contrast with those from CHC patients in whom Ang2 expression remained stable throughout differentiation.

Conclusions

Altered expression of the Ang/Tie2 system in monocytes and Mo‐DCs from CHC patients might account for the inflammatory and angiogenic disorders that are related to CHC. An increased understanding of Ang/Tie2 system regulation might be helpful in designing strategies to prevent CHC progression.
DUAL REPRESENTATIONS FOR GENERAL MULTIPLE STOPPING PROBLEMS
Authors: Bender Christian , Schoenmakers John , Zhang Jianing
Published: February 2013

In this paper, we study the dual representation for generalized multiple stopping problems, hence the pricing problem of general multiple exercise options. We derive a dual representation which allows for cash flows which are subject to volume constraints modeled by integer‐valued adapted processes and refraction periods modeled by stopping times. As such, this extends the works by Schoenmakers (), Bender (), Bender (), Aleksandrov and Hambly (), and Meinshausen and Hambly () on multiple exercise options, which either take into consideration a refraction period or volume constraints, but not both simultaneously. We also allow more flexible cash flow structures than the additive structure in the above references. For example, some exponential utility problems are covered by our setting. We supplement the theoretical results with an explicit Monte Carlo algorithm for constructing confidence intervals for prices of multiple exercise options and illustrate it with a numerical study on the pricing of a swing option in an electricity market.
In situ U/Pb dating of impact‐produced zircons from the Vargeão Dome (Southern Brazil)
Authors: Nédélec Anne , Paquette Jean‐Louis , Yokoyama Elder , Trindade Ricardo I. F. , Aigouy Thierry , Baratoux David
Published: February 2013

The Vargeão impact structure was formed in the Serra Geral basaltic and rhyodacitic to rhyolitic lava flows of southern Brazil, that belong to the Paraná‐Etendeka large igneous province. The Chapecó‐type rhyodacites contain small baddeleyite crystals recently dated at 134.3 (±0.8) Ma, which is regarded as the age of this acid volcanism coeval to the flood basalt eruption. Inside the impact structure, a brecciated rhyodacitic sample displays fine veinlets containing numerous lithic fragments in a former melt. This impact breccia contains newly formed zircons, either in the veins or at the contact between a vein and the volcanic matrix. The zircons are 10–50 μm in length, clear and nearly unzoned. In situ laser‐ablation dating of the zircons provides a concordant Early Aptian age of 123.0 ± 1.4 Ma that is regarded as the age of the impact event. As in situ age determination ensures the best possible selection of the analyzed mineral grains, the methodology employed in this study also represents a promising method for dating other impact structures.
Smooth Muscle Cell Ca2+: Think Locally, Act Globally
Authors: Earley Scott
Published: February 2013

Dynamic changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels in vascular smooth muscle cells are critically important for cardiovascular regulation. This Special Topic Issue highlights a series of expert opinion articles focused on this important subject. After a brief overview, novel discoveries surrounding smooth muscle cell Ca2+ influx via L‐type and T‐type channels are reviewed. Current work revealing the functional importance of dynamic Ca2+ signaling in the control of the parenchymal microvasculature and the emerging role of mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling and store‐operated Ca2+ entry in smooth muscle cells is discussed. Finally, recent data describing a new target of localized Ca2+ signaling in arterial myocytes that is responsible for membrane depolarization is reviewed. Authors were encouraged to write in an opinionated and provocative manner with the hope of stimulating discussion in this area of research.
Renal biopsy: Comparative yield of cranial versus caudal needle trajectory. An ex vivo analysis
Authors: Karam Adib R , Vijayaraghavan Gopal , Khan Ashraf , Ustun Berrin , Hussain Sarwat
Published: February 2013

Aim

To compare the diagnostic quality of tissue cores obtained using cranial and caudal angulation of the renal biopsy needle. Comparison was made in terms of the number of glomeruli and proportion of renal cortex with medulla on pathological analysis.

Methods

A total of 40 desktop, renal biopsies were performed on 10 ex vivo porcine kidneys using two different targeting angles. Biopsies were obtained from the ‘lower pole’ of each kidney using both cephalad and caudad angulations of the biopsy needle. Ten 18‐gauge semi‐automated cutting needles were used during twenty biopsies obtained per each angle; two biopsies were made using each needle. The resulting samples were collected in 40 separate and labelled formalin containers according to the used targeting angle. Two pathologists blinded to the corresponding biopsy angles reviewed the samples in consensus.

Results

Samples with a cephalad targeting angle had a mean length of 14.5 mm with mean number of 9.6 glomeruli and average 82% cortex and 18% medulla. Samples obtained using a caudad needle angulation had a mean length of 14.1 mm with mean number of 11.6 glomeruli and on the average 99% cortex. The P‐values comparing the two samples were as follows: 0.63 comparing the mean length of cores, 0.08 for number of glomeruli and 0.002 comparing the proportion of cortex.

Conclusion

The proportion of cortical tissue in the core biopsy specimen using the caudad angle approach was statistically significantly higher, compared with the cephalad needle trajectory.
Cardiac vagal tone is correlated with selective attention to neutral distractors under load
Authors: Park Gewnhi , Vasey Michael W. , Van Bavel Jay J. , Thayer Julian F.
Published: February 2013

We examined whether cardiac vagal tone (indexed by heart rate variability, HRV) was associated with the functioning of selective attention under load. Participants were instructed to detect a target letter among letter strings superimposed on either fearful or neutral distractor faces. Under low load, when letter strings consisted of six target letters, there was no difference between people with high and low HRV on task performance. Under high load, when letter strings consisted of one target letter and five nontarget letters, people with high HRV were faster in trials with neutral distractors, but not with fearful distractors. However, people with low HRV were slower in trials with both fearful and neutral distractors. The current research suggests cardiac vagal tone is associated with successful control of selective attention critical for goal‐directed behavior, and its impact is greater when fewer cognitive resources are available.
IL‐17 Induces Expression of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule Through Signalling Pathway of NF‐κB, but not Akt1 and TAK1 in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Zhang H. , Chen J. , Liu X. , Awar L. , McMickle A. , Bai F. , Nagarajan S. , Yu S.
Published: February 2013

Interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) plays an important role in several autoimmune diseases. IL‐17 can induce the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM‐1) in aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which is important for the development of atherosclerosis. However, the signalling pathway of IL‐17‐induced VCAM‐1 expression remains unclear. In this study, we reported that IL‐17‐induced expression of VCAM‐1 in SMCs is dependent on NF‐κB, but independent of Akt1 and TAK1. This is because knocking down Akt1 or TAK1 by siRNA did not reduce IL‐17‐induced activation of NF‐κB and expression of VCAM‐1, whereas knocking down NF‐κB by siRNA markedly inhibited IL‐17‐mediated upregulation of VCAM‐1 expression. In addition, IL‐17‐induced expression of VCAM‐1 is partially dependent on activation of ERK1/2. Therefore, these signalling pathways of IL‐17‐mediated upregulation of VCAM‐1 expression might be therapeutic targets for treatment of IL‐17‐mediated inflammation.
Preparation of porous alumina/ceria composite abrasive and its chemical mechanical polishing behavior
Authors: Chen Sisi , Lei Hong , Chen Ruling
Published: February 2013

A porous alumina/ceria composite abrasive is synthesized by the hydrothermal synthesis method with transmission electron microscope images showing that it has wormhole-like pores. The chemical mechanical polishing performance of the synthesized abrasive on hard disk substrates was then investigated and the results showed that, compared with pure porous alumina and solid alumina, the porous alumina/ceria composite abrasive has a higher material removal rate because of the presence of the active polishing element cerium. Also, the surfaces polished by the porous alumina abrasives had much fewer topographical variations and a lower surface roughness than those polished by solid alumina abrasive.
Validation of columnar CsI x‐ray detector responses obtained with hybridMANTIS, a CPU‐GPU Monte Carlo code for coupled x‐ray, electron, and optical transport
Authors: Sharma Diksha , Badano Aldo
Published: February 2013

Purpose:

hybridMANTIS is a Monte Carlo package for modeling indirect x‐ray imagers using columnar geometry based on a hybrid concept that maximizes the utilization of available CPU and graphics processing unit processors in a workstation.

Methods:

The authors compare hybridMANTIS x‐ray response simulations to previously published MANTIS and experimental data for four cesium iodide scintillator screens. These screens have a variety of reflective and absorptive surfaces with different thicknesses. The authors analyze hybridMANTIS results in terms of modulation transfer function and calculate the root mean square difference and Swank factors from simulated and experimental results.

Results:

The comparison suggests that hybridMANTIS better matches the experimental data as compared to MANTIS, especially at high spatial frequencies and for the thicker screens. hybridMANTIS simulations are much faster than MANTIS with speed‐ups up to 5260.

Conclusions:

hybridMANTIS is a useful tool for improved description and optimization of image acquisition stages in medical imaging systems and for modeling the forward problem in iterative reconstruction algorithms.
Observation of PT phase transition in a simple mechanical system
Authors: Bender Carl M. , Berntson Bjorn K. , Parker David , Samuel E.
Published: February 2013

If a quantum-mechanical Hamiltonian is PT symmetric, there are two possibilities: either all of the eigenvalues are real, in which case the Hamiltonian is said to be in an unbroken-PT-symmetric phase, or else some of the eigenvalues are real and some are complex, in which case the Hamiltonian is said to be in a broken-PT-symmetric phase. As one varies the parameters of the Hamiltonian, one can pass through the phase transition that separates the unbroken and broken phases. This transition has recently been observed in a variety of laboratory experiments. This paper explains the phase transition in a simple and intuitive fashion and then describes an elementary experiment in which the phase transition is easily observed.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Propionibacterium acnes Isolate from a Sarcoidosis Patient
Authors: Minegishi Kana , Aikawa Chihiro , Furukawa Asuka , Watanabe Takayasu , Nakano Tsubasa , Ogura Yoshitoshi , Ohtsubo Yoshiyuki , Kurokawa Ken , Hayashi Tetsuya , Maruyama Fumito , Nakagawa Ichiro , Eishi Yoshinobu
Published: February 2013

Propionibacterium acnes
is a human skin commensal that resides preferentially within sebaceous follicles and is the only microorganism that has been isolated from sarcoid lesions. We report the complete genome sequence of
P. acnes
, which was isolated from a Japanese patient with sarcoidosis.
Genome Sequence of Sphingomonas xenophaga QYY, an Anthraquinone-Degrading Strain
Authors: Qu Yuanyuan , Zhang Xuwang , Yu Hao , Tang Hongzhi , Shen E , Zhou Hao , Ma Qiao , Cao Xiangyu , Zhou Jiti , Xu Ping
Published: February 2013

Sphingomonas xenophaga
QYY is an efficient anthraquinone-degrading strain. Here, we present a 4.2-Mb assembly of the first genome sequence of
S. xenophaga
. We have annotated 36 coding sequences (CDSs) encoding aromatic catabolism and 216 CDSs responsible for toxic resistance and stress response, which may provide insights into the degradation of complex aromatics.
Genome Sequence of Rhizobium lupini HPC(L) Isolated from Saline Desert Soil, Kutch (Gujarat)
Authors: Agarwal Leena , Purohit Hemant J.
Published: February 2013

The
Rhizobium lupini
strain HPC(L) was isolated from saline desert soil. It grows on minimal media supplemented with CaCO
3
as a carbon source. It can also grow under both oligotrophic and heteroptrophic conditions. We report the annotated genome sequence of this strain in a 5.27-Mb scaffold.
Genome Sequence of Naphthalene-Degrading Soil Bacterium Pseudomonas putida CSV86
Authors: Phale Prashant S. , Paliwal Vasundhara , Raju Sajan C. , Modak Arnab , Purohit Hemant J.
Published: February 2013

Pseudomonas putida
CSV86, a soil isolate, preferentially utilizes naphthalene over glucose as a source of carbon and energy. We present the draft genome sequence, which is 6.4 Mb in size; analysis suggests the chromosomal localization of genes coding for naphthalene utilization. The operons coding for glucose and other aromatic compounds might also be annotated in another study.
Haemoptysis and left upper quadrant abdominal pain: an unusual presentation of partial thoracic migration of an adjustable gastric band's tube
Authors: Carvalho César , Milheiro António , Manso António Canaveira , Castro Sousa Francisco
Published: February 2013

Laparoscopic gastric banding is considered the safest bariatric procedure, holding satisfactory long-term weight loss results, low rates of early complications and negligible mortality. Long-term follow-up are showing a high prevalence of late complications. We describe the case of a 40-year-old female patient, with a medical history of laparoscopic gastric banding, admitted in the emergency department complaining of haemoptysis, left upper quadrant abdominal pain and a slight tachycardia. After an exhaustive clinical evaluation with laboratorial and radiological assessments, diagnosis of partial thoracic migration of the band's tube was established. Despite the unusual clinical setting, this case emphasises the necessity of awareness for the potential long-term complications of gastric banding either from primary or secondary care providers.
The clinical experience of the challenges of oncology in South East Asia
Authors: Javaid Mahvesh Rana
Published: February 2013

An unforgettable summer elective in the heart of Pakistan, discovering the specialities of internal medicine at the state-of-the-art cancer centre—Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCHRC). Cancer incidence and mortality are rising across the world, forcing medical research to find new and better treatments, all the time. The SKMCHRC is the only charity-funded cancer centre providing free treatment for anyone diagnosed with cancer in Pakistan. It is definitely the beginning of a new future for cancer patients in Pakistan, giving them a chance for a better quality of life, even those in poverty. Just like this, there are many appreciations and memories from my uplifting clinical experience at SKMCHRC.
Anatomy of vegetative organs with an emphasis on the secretory structures of two species of Aldama (Asteraceae–Heliantheae)
Authors: Oliveira Tuane , Bombo Aline Bertolosi , Appezzato-Da-Glória Beatriz
Published: February 2013

Aldama arenaria (Baker) E.E.Schill. & Panero and Aldama robusta (Gardner) E.E.Schill. & Panero are aromatic plants, morphologically very similar and usually confused on the analysis of exsiccates. The present study aimed to identify the secretory structures present in vegetative organs and to survey for anatomical features with diagnostic value between A. arenaria and A. robusta based on an examination of these organs. Aldama arenaria and A. robusta exhibit hydathodes in the dentate ornamentations of the leaf margins and apices in addition to glandular trichomes, secretory cavities and ducts, all of which vary with respect to type and location in each species. Xylopodia and adventitious roots constitute the underground system. The xylopodium is covered by epidermis or by suberised cells resulting from periclinal divisions of parenchyma cells. The tuberisation process of adventitious roots results mainly from hypertrophy and hyperplasia of medullary cells, especially in A. arenaria. Through anatomical analysis, useful features for distinction between A. arenaria and A. robusta in exsiccates and fresh materials were identified, and these features were related mainly to the position and frequency of secretory structures.
Stochastic approach to determination of suspended sediment concentration in tidal rivers by artificial neural network and genetic algorithm
Authors: Adib A. , Jahanbakhshan H.
Published: February 2013

Because of the interaction between tidal and fluvial flows in tidal rivers, sampling and measurement of suspended sediment concentration is very complex. Determination of suspended sediment concentration in tidal rivers is a very important problem in some countries such as Canada and United Kingdom (UK) (for example Bay of Fundy in Canada and Bristol Channel in UK). A numerical model cannot show suspended sediment concentration in tidal river accurately. Fluvial flows bring sand and gravel particles from the watershed, while tidal flow brings silt particles from the sea in flood time and returns them to the sea in ebb time. Interaction between tidal and fluvial flows, relation between suspended sediment concentration and return periods of them, correction of suspended sediment distribution coefficient for use in tidal limit of rivers, finding the best method for determination of suspended sediment concentration in tidal limit of rivers and optimization of it are major difficulties and challenges for determination of suspended sediment concentration. For overcoming these challenges in this research, a perceptron artificial neural network is trained and validated by observed data. For training of the artificial neural network (ANN), Levenberg–Marquardt training method is applied. For decreasing of the mean square error (MSE) and increasing of efficiency coefficient, parameters of ANN are optimized by genetic algorithm (GA) method. The GA method optimizes the number of nodes of hidden layers of ANN that is trained by Levenberg–Marquardt training method. Two sets of data are introduced into a network. Inputs of first network are distance from upstream of river, flood return period, and tide return period. These return periods are determined by observed data and governing stochastic distribution on them. Inputs of second network are distance from upstream of river, flood discharge, and ebb height. Output of these networks is suspended sediment concentration. Observed data show that maximum suspended sediment concentration is concerned with ebb that tidal flow and fluvial flow are in one direction. Because of a shortage of observed data especially in extreme conditions, a numerical model was developed. This model was calibrated by observed data. Results of numerical model convert to two regression relations. These relations are functions of distance from the upstream of river, discharge of flood (or flood return period) at upstream, and ebb height (or ebb return period) at downstream. Then the artificial neural network is tested with the remainder of observed data and results of the numerical model. Sensitive analysis shows that distance from the upstream of river and flood discharge are the most effective governing factors on suspended sediment concentration in first and second network, respectively. For the case study, the Karun River in south west of Iran is considered. This river is the most important tidal river in Iran.
Long-term response of spruce–fir stands to herbicide and precommercial thinning: observed and projected growth, yield, and financial returns in central Maine, USA
Authors: Bataineh Mohammad M. , Wagner Robert G. , Weiskittel Aaron R.
Published: February 2013

Herbicide application and precommercial thinning (PCT) are common silvicultural treatments used across North America and Europe. Despite this widespread use, long-term growth and yield responses from controlled experiments that include both of these treatments are relatively rare. We used 40-year growth and yield responses of spruce–fir stands to various combinations of early herbicide and PCT in a long-term silvicultural experiment in central Maine, USA, to calibrate the Forest Vegetation Simulator (Northeast Variant). Using the calibrated model, we projected rotation-length outcomes for stand development, merchantable wood volumes, and stumpage-based financial returns. Projections indicated gains in total yield (17%–31%) from herbicide treatments at the end of the rotation (∼60 years postharvest) relative to untreated stands. Substantial increases in merchantable wood volume also were achieved with PCT. Twenty-four years after PCT, stand stumpage value averaged $907 USD·ha−1 higher than that for unthinned stands. Total yield and stumpage gains from PCT were projected to continue through the end of rotation. Highest stumpage values resulted from combined herbicide and PCT treatments, followed by PCT-only and then herbicide-only. At end of rotation, highest net present value (NPV) resulted from PCT, whether alone or in combination with herbicides. PCT and herbicide investments substantially improved the NPV relative to untreated stands when using discount rates of 2% and 4%, but not when using a 6% rate. Our results documented that good financial returns are possible over the long-term from early investments in herbicide and PCT treatments in Maine spruce–fir stands.
SIMULATION OF PEDESTRIAN DYNAMIC USING A VECTOR FLOOR FIELD MODEL
Authors: YANG JUN , HOU ZHONGSHENG , ZHAN MINGHUI
Published: February 2013

Simulation of complex scenarios and multi-direction pedestrian flow is a main challenge to microscopic model of pedestrian movement. It is an issue to simulate real pedestrian traffic with great fidelity while keeping its computational cost at an acceptable level. This paper reports on an improved floor field model called vector floor field model to simulate pedestrian flows in some basic scenarios. In this model, vectorization of static floor field and dynamic floor field are used to indicate preference directions and the pedestrian flow tendency, respectively. Pedestrian transition depends on both their preference directions and tendency. The simulations in some basic scenarios are conducted, quantitative comparison to the record of practical experiments and standard floor field model is given as well, and the results indicate the effectivity of this model. An adjusted static vector floor field is also proposed to simulate pedestrian flow in turning scenario. The vector floor field model is also sufficient to simulate some essential features in pedestrian dynamic, such as lane formation. This model can be widely used in the simulation of multi-direction pedestrian at turning, crossing and other junctions.
1D AND 2D QUANTUM INTERFERENCE EFFECTS IN ELECTRON TRANSPORT IN Au FILM
Authors: BELEVTSEV B. I. , BELIAYEV E. Yu. , KOLESNICHENKO Yu. A.
Published: February 2013

We present transport properties of quench-condensed Au film with nominal thickness ≈3.56 nm and R□ ≈ 5 k Ω for T > 10 K. This film has weak nonmetallic temperature dependence of resistance with logarithmic behavior above 10 K and somewhat stronger dependence at low temperatures. Above 3 K only two-dimensional (2D) quantum interference effects in electron transport have been found; whereas, below 3 K both one-dimensional (1D) and 2D effects of weak localization (WL) and electron–electron interaction (EEI) can be distinguished. This reflects inhomogeneous structure of the film near the thickness-controlled metal-insulator transition (MIT).
SPIN-DEPENDENT ELECTRON TRANSPORT THROUGH A THREE-TERMINAL MESOSCOPIC SPIN-ORBIT COUPLED SYSTEMS
Authors: XU ZHONGHUI , XIAO XIANBO , CHEN YUGUANG
Published: February 2013

We studied theoretically the spin-dependent electron transport properties of a three-terminal nanostructure proposed by Xiao and Chen [J. Appl. Phys.1, 108 (2010)]. The spin-resolved recursive Green's function method is used to calculate the three-terminal spin-polarization. We focus on the influence both of the structural parameters and Rashba spin–orbit coupling (SOC) strength in the investigated system. It is shown that the spin-polarization is still a reasonable value for being observable in experiment with small Rashba SOC strength and longer length of the wide region in the investigated system. The underlying physics is revealed to originate from the effect of SOC-induced effective magnetic field at the structure-induced Fano resonance. This length of the middle wide region in three-terminal nanostructure can be more easily fabricated experimentally.
NONUNION OF THE SCAPHOID DISTAL POLE
Authors: Oron Amir , Gupta Amitava , Thirkannad Sunil
Published: February 2013

This study was undertaken to determine the incidence of and assess factors affecting nonunion of scaphoid distal pole fractures. A total of 193 established scaphoid nonunions were treated in our clinics between the years 1999 and 2004; of which, eight cases involved the distal pole of the scaphoid. These were further analyzed to determine factors that may have contributed to the development of nonunion. This study reveals that distal pole nonunions account for 4.1% of all scaphoid nonunions. We found inadequate initial treatment to be the cause for nonunion in 63% of patients. Type IIC fracture pattern according to Posser's classification was seen in 100% of patients and a persistent Dorsal Intercalated Segmental Instability (DISI) pattern in 100% patients. In addition, 100% of fractures occurred at the watershed zone between the two vascular networks of the scaphoid. We believe the key features leading to the likelihood of nonunion at the distal pole include a Type IIC fracture pattern associated with a continued deforming force that eventually leads to a DISI deformity. The watershed area between the proximal vascular network supplying the waist and the distal one supplying the distal pole is especially vulnerable to poor healing.
BONY MALLET THUMB
Authors: Nishimura Reiji , Matsuura Shintaro , Miyawaki Takeshi , Uchida Mitsuru
Published: February 2013

Unlike mallet finger, mallet thumb is rare. We treated a case of mallet thumb with avulsion fracture using extension block Kirchner wire technique, and achieved excellent results.
PALMAR WELL DIFFERENTIATED SPINDLE CELL LIPOSARCOMA: PRESENTATION OF A RARE TUMOR AT A RARE SITE
Authors: Deshmukh Sanjay D. , Gulati Harveen K. , Yadav Prashant , Naik Pooja
Published: February 2013

The most common soft tissue sarcomas of hand are epitheloid sarcomas, synovial sarcomas and malignant fibrous histiocytomas which are high grade, aggressive tumors. Liposarcomas of the hand are extremely rare and to the best of our knowledge less than 20 cases have been reported so far in the literature. Well differentiated spindle cell liposarcoma is an extremely rare subtype of well differentiated liposarcoma/atypical lipomatous tumor which is different from the other subtypes clinicopathologically, genetically and prognostically. Palmar localization of this rare variant of liposarcoma at this site makes ours only the second case reported in the world literature so far. This recently described entity is low grade lesion and the hand surgeons need to adopt a less aggressive approach in the treatment of this subtype.
COHERENCE EFFECTS IN MESOSCOPIC HIGHER HARMONIC MULTISTABILITY
Authors: BATARFI H. A. , SHARABY Y. A. , HASSAN S. S.
Published: February 2013

The interaction of a mesoscopic system of coherently injected two-level Rydberg atoms with a coherently driven single cavity mode is treated outside the rotating wave approximation (RWA). The additional first harmonic component of the output field (outside RWA) exhibits closed hysteresis loops and multiple-switching processes, compared with the hysteresis cycles for the nonoscillatory (fundamental) component within the RWA. This is achieved via two controls: (i) varying the coherent population excitation and relative phase parameters (θ, ϕ) of the coherently injected atoms, and, (ii) varying simultaneously atom and cavity detuning parameters.
SYNTHESIS, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND POLYMERIC DIGITAL OPTICAL SWITCH OF AZO BENZOTHIAZOLE POLYURETHANE-UREA
Authors: CAO ZHIJUAN , QIU FENGXIAN , WANG QING , CAO GUORONG , GUAN YIJUN , ZHUANG LIN , XU XIAOLONG , WANG JIE , CHEN QIAN , YANG DONGYA
Published: February 2013

An azo chromophore 4-[(6-nitrobenzothiazole-2-yl)diazenyl]phenyl-1,3-diamine NBDPD was synthesized with 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole and m-phenylenediamine by diazo-coupling reaction. Then, NBDPD was polymerized with NJ-220 and IPDI to obtain novel azo benzothiazole polyurethane-urea (BPUU). The structure and physical properties were characterized and investigated. The refractive index and transmission loss of BPUU film were measured by attenuated total reflection technique and the CCD digital imaging devices. The polymeric digital optical switch (DOS) based on the thermo-optic effect of the BPUU was designed and simulated. The results showed that the power consumption and response time of the DOS could be only 2.3 mW and 5.0 ms, respectively.
LIGHT PULSE IN A MODIFIED ADD-DROP OPTICAL FILTER FOR OPTICAL TWEEZERS GENERATION
Authors: AZIZ M. S. , DAUD S. , BAHADORAN M. , ALI J. , YUPAPIN PREECHA P.
Published: February 2013

A new technique of optical tweezer generation and rotation within a modified add-drop optical filter is presented. A proposed system is made up of silica and InGaAsP / InP consisting of linear optical add-drop filter incorporating two nonlinear nanorings on both sides of the micro ring. This particular configuration is known as a "PANDA" ring resonator. Light pulse, for instance, Gaussian, bright and dark solitons are fed into the system through different ports such as drop port and through port. By using the practical device parameters, the simulation results are obtained using the Optiwave and MATLAB programs. Results are obtained by both analytical and numerical methods, which found that the orthogonal solitons can be generated using the proposed system. The tweezer rotation is formed by the spin-up and spin-down states for the input signals, created by using transverse electric and magnetic field within the PANDA ring resonator system. The output signals can be controlled by system parameters such as ring radii, coupling constants, input signals and applied to various applications for tweezer spins such as trapping, transportation and rotation, which can be useful for molecular motor applications.
Thai Hedging Practices Post-Asian Financial Crisis
Authors: Boulter Terry , Wongchan Vanlapa
Published: February 2013

This paper provides survey evidence captured from a sample of 113 respondents to a 2008 questionnaire sent to 344 companies in Thailand. The study examines Thai hedging practices following the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997. Thai companies, like their international counterparts, rely predominantly on matching and forward contracts to hedge transaction exposure. Thai companies, however, appear to be less rigorous when it comes to internal control and supervision of derivative activity. It is recommended that Thai companies improve their risk management practices by putting into place a documented hedging policy, which includes a requirement that senior staff be actively engaged in the risk management activities of the firm.
SCATTERING IN NANO-FILMS
Authors: LAMBA V. K. , GARG O. P. , ENGLES D.
Published: February 2013

In this communication, a quantum mechanical technique for treatment of effects of scattering transport at nanoscale in thin films is discussed. We implemented a rigorous treatment of scattering within the NEGF simulation platform. Results obtained by applying the rigorous scattering model to simulate the devices were used as a benchmark to validate a simple computationally-efficient, phenomenological treatment of scattering. The NEGF method is used to study the effect of electron confinement on silicon nano-films and wires. Electron confinement results in almost a factor of 3 decreases in the electrical conductivity of the 5 nm silicon film compared to the 10 nm film. Increase in the amount of confinement also leads to a 35% decrease in the conductivity of a 5 nm × 5 nm wire compared to the 5 nm film. Our simple model provides an excellent tradeoff between increased computational cost and the physics of scattering that needs to be captured in devices of the future.
SOME VARIETIES OF LIE RINGS
Authors: Chen Yin , Zhang Runxuan
Published: February 2013

In this paper, several theorems of Macdonald [On certain varieties of groups, Math. Z.76 (1961) 270–282; On certain varieties of groups II, Math. Z.78 (1962) 175–188] on the varieties of nilpotent groups will be generalized to the case of Lie rings. We consider three varieties of Lie rings of any characteristic associated with some equations (see Eqs. (1.1)–(1.3)). We prove that each Lie ring in variety (1.1) is nilpotent of exponent at most n + 2; if L is a Lie ring in variety (1.2), then L2 is nilpotent of exponent at most n + 1; and each Lie ring in variety (1.3) is solvable of length at most n + 1. We also discuss some varieties of solvable Lie rings and the varieties of Lie rings defined by the properties of subrings.
SP-INJECTIVITY OF MODULES AND RINGS
Authors: Gupta A. J. , Pandeya B. M. , Chaturvedi A. K.
Published: February 2013

Let >M and N be two R-modules. NR is called singular M-p-injective if for every singular M-cyclic submodule X of MR, every homomorphism from X to N can be extended to a homomorphism from M to N. MR is quasi-singular prinicipally injective if M is a singular M-p-injective module. It is shown that a ring R is right non-singular if and only if every right R-module is singular R-p-injective if and only if factors of singular R-p-injective modules are singular R-p-injective. A singular R-module M is injective if and only if M is N-sp-injective for every R-module N. Finally, we characterize quasi-sp-injective modules in terms of their endomorphism rings.
ON THE IRREDUCIBLE REPRESENTATIONS OF SOLUBLE GROUPS OF FINITE RANK
Authors: Tushev A. V.
Published: February 2013

We obtained some sufficient and necessary conditions of existence of faithful irreducible representations of a soluble group G of finite rank over a field k. It was shown that the existence of such representations strongly depends on construction of the socle of the group G. The situation is especially complicated in the case where the field k is locally finite.
Vertebral Column Metastases from an Esthesioneuroblastoma: Chemotherapy, Radiation, and Resection for Recurrence with 15-Year Followup
Authors: Shirzadi Ali S. , Drazin Doniel G. , Strickland Allison S. , Bannykh Serguei I. , Johnson J. Patrick
Published: February 2013

Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is an uncommon aggressive malignant intranasal neoplasm that originates from neural crest cells of the olfactory epithelium. Although local invasion to the sinuses is common, spinal metastasis of ENB is rare with only 28 documented cases involving the spine spinal cord, or leptomeninges. We report a case of ENB with multiple drop metastases to the cervical and thoracic spine, and review the patient’s disease, medical history, and multiple interventions during a span of 15 years following the initial cranial resection. Despite aggressive multiple surgical resections, radiation, and chemotherapy, the tumor had significant progression and recurrence. The literature is reviewed, followed by a discussion of the natural progression of the disease and various reported interventions. Although a combination of surgery with chemotherapy and radiation therapy has been recommended, no definitive management has been established for ENB. Further research is needed to determine decisive treatment for metastatic ENB to the spine.
Dark Energy Constraints on Red-Shift-Based Gravity
Authors: Dabbaghchian Setareh , Saffari Reza
Published: February 2013

We have studied cosmological dynamics in gravity theory via cosmographic parameters. We have changed variables of field equations from time to red-shift and solved the achieved differential equation analytically for . Then we have used Taylor expansion to find general form of function around the present day value of scalar curvature. By introducing we would simplify our calculations; if we consider as a given function we would restrict our answers of . In this paper we offer a linear form of which leads us to a specific function, where is a constant which depends on the present day value of deceleration parameter. As an example, using Taylor expansion coefficients, we have compared our analytically calculated function with reconstructed function for Dark Energy models. To reconstruct action for Dark Energy models, we have used corresponding of each Dark Energy model for calculating Taylor expansion coefficients. As our function is linear, the Taylor expansion coefficients would be a function of present day value of deceleration parameter.
Health Care Costs Associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis in Turkey: An Analysis from Nationwide Real-World Data
Authors: Baser Onur , Burkan Abdulkadir , Baser Erdem , Koselerli Rasim , Ertugay Emre , Altinbas Akif
Published: February 2013

Objectives. To explore health care costs associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in Turkey.Methods. Research-identified data from a system that processes claims for all Turkish health insurance funds were analyzed. Adult prevalent and incident AS patients with two AS visits at least 60 days apart, identified between June 1, 2010 and December 31, 2010, with at least 1 year of continuous health plan enrollment for the baseline and follow-up years were included in the study. Pharmacy, outpatient, and inpatient claims were compiled over the study period for the selected patients. Generalized linear models were used to estimate the expected annual costs, controlling for baseline demographic and clinical characteristics.Results. A total of 2.986 patients were identified, of which 603 were incident cases and 2.383 prevalent cases. The mean ages were 39 and 41 years, respectively, and 44% and 38% were women for incident and prevalent cases. Prevalent patients had higher comorbidity scores (5.01 versus 2.24,P<0.001) and were more likely to be prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (77% versus 72%,P<0.001) or biologics (35% versus 8%,P<0.006) relative to incident patients. Seventy-seven percent of prevalent patients were prescribed NSAIDs, followed by biologic and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Total annual medical costs for incident AS patients were €2.253 and €4.233 for prevalent patients. Pharmacy costs accounted for a significant portion of total costs (88% for prevalent patient, 77% for incident patient), followed by physician office visit costs. Prior comorbidities and treatment type also significantly contributed to overall costs.Conclusion. Annual expenditures for AS patients in Turkey were comparable relative to European countries. Pharmaceutical expenditures cover a significant portion of the overall costs. Comparative effectiveness studies are necessary to further decrease health care costs of AS treatment.
Analytical Expressions of Concentrations of Substrate and Hydroquinone in an Amperometric Glucose Biosensor
Authors: Uma Maheswari M. , Rajendran L.
Published: February 2013

The theoretical model for an amperometric glucose biosensor is discussed. In this model glucose oxidase enzyme is immobilized in conducting polypyrrole. This model contains a nonlinear term related to enzyme reaction kinetics. He’s homotopy perturbation method is used to find the approximate analytical solutions of coupled non-linear reaction diffusion equations. A closed-form expression of substrate and mediator concentration under non-steady-state conditions is obtained. A comparison of the analytical approximation and numerical simulation is also presented. An agreement between analytical expressions and numerical results is observed.
Single- versus Multiobjective Optimization for Evolution of Neural Controllers in Ms. Pac-Man
Authors: Tan Tse Guan , Teo Jason , Chin Kim On
Published: February 2013

The objective of this study is to focus on the automatic generation of game artificial intelligence (AI) controllers for Ms. Pac-Man agent by using artificial neural network (ANN) and multiobjective artificial evolution. The Pareto Archived Evolution Strategy (PAES) is used to generate a Pareto optimal set of ANNs that optimize the conflicting objectives of maximizing Ms. Pac-Man scores (screen-capture mode) and minimizing neural network complexity. This proposed algorithm is called Pareto Archived Evolution Strategy Neural Network or PAESNet. Three different architectures of PAESNet were investigated, namely, PAESNet with fixed number of hidden neurons (PAESNet_F), PAESNet with varied number of hidden neurons (PAESNet_V), and the PAESNet with multiobjective techniques (PAESNet_M). A comparison between the single- versus multiobjective optimization is conducted in both training and testing processes. In general, therefore, it seems that PAESNet_F yielded better results in training phase. But the PAESNet_M successfully reduces the runtime operation and complexity of ANN by minimizing the number of hidden neurons needed in hidden layer and also it provides better generalization capability for controlling the game agent in a nondeterministic and dynamic environment.
Research on Intelligent Vehicle Collision Warning Model Based on Intervehicle Communication
Authors: Wang Jiangfeng , Yan Xuedong , Nie Shuo , Li Xiaomeng
Published: February 2013

Using inter-vehicle communication, vehicle real-time traveling state information, such as acceleration, is shared, and time-to-collision and time-to-avoidance matrices are established. Considering driver type and traveling relationship between leading vehicle and following vehicle, a collision warning model based on inter-vehicle communication is studied. From aspects of inter-vehicle experiment system composition, component modules are analyzed in detail. For leading vehicle stationary, sudden deceleration, and normal traveling, three experimental schemes are proposed, and model warning performance is verified using the experiment system. Experiment results show that the algorithm model can effectively identify the collision, and precise warning rate is more than 90%. Conclusion of the study can provide a reference for research in relevant fields, such as vehicle adaptive cruise control.
B-Scan and “En-Face” Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging for the Diagnosis and Followup of Acute Retinal Pigment Epitheliitis
Authors: De Bats Flore , Wolff Benjamin , Mauget-Faÿsse Martine , Scemama Claire , Kodjikian Laurent
Published: February 2013

Purpose. To report B-scan and “En-face” spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings in acute retinal pigment epitheliitis (ARPE).Methods. Two patients (3 eyes) with ARPE were examined. Fluorescein and indocyanine green (ICGA) angiography, B-scan, and “En-face” SD-OCT were performed in each patient at initial and follow-up visits.Results. Both patients presented with acute onset of blurred vision, and one with bilateral involvement. B-can OCT revealed disruption of the macular retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) inner band layer and photoreceptors’ inner and outer segment (IS-OS) junction. Hyperreflective dots were observed in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) above the RPE/IS-OS disruption. Just around these hyperreflective dots, slight thickening of the hyperreflective IS/OS junction was observed. During the late phase, indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) showed a macular cockade-like hyperfluorescent halo. “En-face” OCT showed the same cockade-like appearance with a hyporeflective center and a hyperreflective border matching the pattern observed on ICGA. At followup, as vision improved without treatment, B-scan OCT demonstrated progressive resolution of the hyperreflective and disrupted lesions; “en-face” OCT also showed disappearance of the macular cockade-like halo with a transient discrete hyperreflective macular star at the RPE level in one eye.Conclusion. “En-face” OCT associated with B-scan SD-OCT analysis appears to be very helpful in the diagnosis and followup of ARPE. The pathophysiology of ARPE remains complex and still poorly understood. These techniques help define the location and extent of structural damage occurring in this disease.
Parallel Nonoverlapping DDM Combined with the Characteristic Method for Incompressible Miscible Displacements in Porous Media
Authors: Ma Keying , Sun Tongjun
Published: February 2013

Two types of approximation schemes are established for incompressible miscible displacements in porous media. First, standard mixed finite element method is used to approximate the velocity and pressure. And then parallel non-overlapping domain decomposition methods combined with the characteristics method are presented for the concentration. These methods use the characteristic method to handle the material derivative term of the concentration equation in the subdomains and explicit flux calculations on the interdomain boundaries by integral mean method or extrapolation method to predict the inner-boundary conditions. Thus, the velocity and pressure can be approximated simultaneously, and the parallelism can be achieved for the concentration equation. The explicit nature of the flux prediction induces a time step limitation that is necessary to preserve stability. These schemes hold the advantages of nonoverlapping domain decomposition methods and the characteristic method. Optimal error estimates in L2-norm are derived for these two schemes, respectively.