bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Separation of natural gas liquids and water from gas condensate
Authors: Takerhi Matthew Efe
Published: February 2023

Unlike dry gas reservoirs, condensate gas reservoirs contain a considerable amount of natural gas liquids which should be extracted to maximize energy usage. This paper uses Bryan ProMax to set up the processing units for the recovery of natural gas liquids and removal of water. The parameters for the simulation were a gas composition which assumes a sweet gas content. The outcome of the simulation includes reduction of water content below 7 lbm/MMscf, recovery of methane and recovery of propane and isobutane only. The glycol dehydration unit minimized water impurity, while cooling with Joule–Thomson valve and heat exchangers help in methane recovery and separation from natural gas liquids. The results show that natural gas liquid recovery which depends on gas composition can be recovered by controlling the conditions of several units, namely heat exchangers, flash vessels, cold separators, fractionators, stabilizers with their reboilers and condensers.
Drilling Mud Influence on Sandstone Poroelastic Parameters
Authors: Knez Dariusz , Rajaoalison Herimitsinjo , Nkunzi Donatille
Published: February 2023

Abstract: The most critical challenge faced during drilling operations is related to the stability of the well. Additionally, drilling mud plays a crucial role in wellbore stability, as one of its main uses is to support the wellbore wall during the drilling operation. However, ignorance of the effects of drilling mud on the mechanical properties of rock formation can also lead to well failure. The stability of the wellbore is also influenced by the pore pressure during the drilling process. The analysis of changes in rock poroelastic parameters after drilling mud saturation was found to be a useful research regarding the above mentioned. Therefore, the measurement of the dynamic Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio and Biot’s coefficient of sandstone samples was carried out to determine their trends of variations with confining pressure in different conditions such as dry, water and drilling mud filtrate saturation. The findings indicate that both the dynamic Young modulus and the Poisson’s ratio of the sandstone rock increased after saturation with water and drilling mud filtrate, while the Biot’s coefficient was reduced. Furthermore, the velocity of the P wave, the dynamic Young modulus and the dynamic Poisson ratio of the sandstone rock were proportional to the confining pressure, while the Biot’s coefficient were inversely proportional to the confining pressure. The results imply that the effective stress calculation can be influenced by changes in poroelastic parameters established from geophysical measurements, and risk management of wellbore stability stability was increased.
Mie scattering based on-line measurement of droplet from vacuum arc
Authors: Dong Pan , Tian Chang , Li Jie , Wang Tao , Yu Hai-Tao , Su Ming-Xu , He Jia-Long , Shi Jin-Shui ,   Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China,   School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shanghai University of Science and Engineering, Shanghai 200093, China,   College of Science, Shanghai University of Science and Engineering, Shanghai 200093, China
Published: February 2023

Metal droplet is produced accompanied with vacuum arc discharge, which is important to the research of cathode spot and the application of vacuum arc. The droplet comes from the cathode spot crater and can reflect the physical process of the cathode spot. However, it will destroy the uniformity of surface deposition in engineering and should be avoided as much as possible. The measurement of metal droplet usually adopts off-line collector, which cannot obtain the signal of the whole space and singe arc. In order to on-line measure the droplet, a new method by the Mie scattering is developed in this work, and its feasibility is investigated. The characteristic of the scattering light of titanium droplet is computed by the simulation code. The results indicate that the scattering light beams of the small droplet are distributed at all angles. With the increase of the diameter, the scattered light beams are more and more concentrated in the forward direction, which allows the inversion of the signals of the droplets with different diameters. Then the detector is designed with different annuluses. When the detector is divided into 35 annuluses, the light energy coefficient matrix is easy to solve and the measurement system has a good resolution. The experimental setup is built and the preliminary experiment is carried out. The results indicate that the diameters of titanium droplets are mainly around 9.8 μm, which verifies the effectiveness of the Mie scattering method of measuring vacuum arc droplets. However, the small droplet information is not detected, so the droplet diameter distribution is quite different from the off-line measurement. The reason is that the signal-to-noise ratio of the measurement system is poor, thereby leading the scattered signals of the small droplet to fail to be obtained effectively. The experimental setup need to be further optimized.
Espionage
Authors: Macrakis Kristie
Published: February 2023

A concise introduction to the history and methods of espionage, illustrated by spy stories from antiquity to today's high-tech world.

Espionage is one of the most secret of human activities. It is also, as the popularity of spy stories suggests, one of the most intriguing. This book pulls the veil back on the real world of espionage, revealing how spying actually works. In a refreshingly clear, concise manner, Kristie Macrakis guides readers through the shadowy world of espionage, from the language and practice of spycraft to its role in international politics, its bureaucratic underpinnings, and its transformation in light of modern technology. Espionage is a mirror of society and human foibles with the added cloak of secrecy and deception. Accordingly, Espionage traces spying all the way back to antiquity, while also moving beyond traditional accounts of military and diplomatic intelligence to shine a light on industrial espionage and the new techno-spy. As thorough—and thoroughly readable—as it is compact, the book is an ideal introduction to the history and anatomy of espionage.
Tracing the path of 37,050 studies into practice across 18 specialties of the 2.4 million published between 2011 and 2020
Authors: Abdalla Moustafa , Abdalla Salwa , Abdalla Mohamed
Published: February 2023

The absence of evidence to assess treatment efficacy partially underpins the unsustainable expenditure of the US healthcare system, a challenge exacerbated by a limited understanding of the factors influencing the translation of clinical research into practice. Leveraging a dataset of >10,000 UpToDate articles, sampled every 3 months between 2011 and 2020, we trace the path of research (37,050 newly added articles from 887 journals) from initial publication to the point-of-care, compared to the 2.4 million uncited studies published during the same time window across 18 medical specialties. Our analysis reveals substantial variation in how specialties prioritize/adopt research, with regards to a fraction of literature cited (0.4–2.4%) and quality-of-evidence incorporated. In 9 of 18 specialties, less than 1 in 10 clinical trials are ever cited. Furthermore, case reports represent one of the most cited article types in 12 of 18 specialties, comprising nearly a third of newly added references for some specialties (e.g. dermatology). Anesthesiology, cardiology, critical care, geriatrics, internal medicine, and oncology tended to favor higher-quality evidence. By modeling citations as a function of National Institutes of Health (NIH) department-specific funding, we estimate the cost of bringing one new clinical citation to the point-of-care as ranging from thousands to tens of thousands of dollars depending on specialty. The success of a subset of specialties in incorporating a larger proportion of published research, as well as high(er) quality of evidence, demonstrates the existence of translational strategies that should be applied more broadly. In addition to providing a baseline for monitoring the efficiency of research investments, we also describe new ‘impact’ indices to assess the efficacy of reforms to the clinical scientific enterprise.
Clinical characteristics and prognosis differences between isolated right and left ventricular myocardial infarction in the Chinese population: a retrospective study
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan , Weng Chunyan , Wu Junru , Tang Yan , Li Zhengxin , Wen Qing , Sun Xuejing , Wu Mingxing , Peng Zhiliu , Luo Xiying , Yuan Hong , Lu Yao , Huang Wei , Cai Jingjing
Published: February 2023

Background and aims

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is divided into left ventricular myocardial infarction (LVMI) and right ventricular myocardial infarction (RVMI) according to the regions of myocardial ischemic necrosis. Clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and prognosis differences between isolated RVMI and LVMI have not been well characterized. This study aimed to explore this difference of patients with isolated RVMI and LVMI.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 3,506 patients hospitalized with coronary angiography diagnosed type 1 myocardial infarction (MI). Characteristics of admission and treatment strategies were compared in patients with isolated RVMI and LVMI. COX proportional hazards models with and without inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) adjustment were performed to estimate the difference in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality between the two groups.

Results

In this retrospective study, we found the frequency of isolated RVMI was significantly lower in the population than that of isolated LVMI (406 (11.6%) vs 3,100 (88.4%)). Patients with isolated RVMI have similar age, sex, and comorbidities to the patients with isolated LVMI. However, patients with isolated RVMI have lower heart rate and blood pressure, but higher rates of cardiogenic shock and atrioventricular block. It is noteworthy that patients with isolated RVMI are more likely to be complicated with the multivessel lesion. Patients with isolated RVMI have lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.36; 95% CI [0.24–0.54], p < 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.37; 95% CI [0.22–0.62], p < 0.001) than patients with isolated LVMI.

Conclusions

This study showed that patients with isolated RVMI and LVMI have similar baseline characteristics. However, the clinical manifestations were different in the isolated RVMI and LVMI patients. This study revealed a better prognosis of isolated RVMI patients compared to isolated LVMI, which indicates the ischemic region could be considered in AMI risk stratification models for better assessment of risk for adverse clinical events.
Characterization of Coal Combustion Residues Using Transmission Electron Microscopy Technique
Authors: Kumar Ritesh , Sharma Sadanand
Published: February 2023

Indian coal-based thermal power stations produces huge amount of coal combustion residues. Proper disposal, management and utilization of these ashes have always been a challenge before the thermal power plant management people. In order to find out the potential use of coal combustion residues one need to explore and look deeply into its various characteristic properties. In the present study the coal combustion residue samples from thermal power station of eastern India were used for characterizing ashes on the basis of Transmission Electron Microscopy technique. The study of the micrographs of Transmission Electron Microscopy showed that the coal combustion residue samples consisted of all the three viz. crystalline, polycrystalline and amorphous phases. The coal combustion residue samples were found to consist of single crystal, single crystal with hexagonal structure, polycrystalline substances and closed packed hexagonal structure. Concentric circles as seen in the diffraction pattern show the presence of polycrystalline substances in the samples. Presence of plerosphere in the coal combustion residue samples can also be seen from some SEM micrographs as well as one of TEM images. XRD studies show the presence of various crystalline substances present in the coal combustion residues. The study shows that the CCR samples are typically formed of Si-Al-Fe system with traces of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur and titanium.
Development of Automatic Fish Feeding Machine for Integrated Floating Cage Aquageoponic System
Authors: Babu P. , Kumar K. Ashok , Rakesh N. , Ramana C.
Published: February 2023

Aims: The objective of this work was to develop and evaluate the performance of an automatic fish feeder- to enhance aquacultural practices and farmponds

Place and Duration of Study: The research study was conducted at Madakasira, (Latitude: 13°56ʹ55.96″ N and Longitude: 77°18ʹ45.38″ E) which is located in Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh, India. The mean annual temperature and annual rainfall of the study area are 27.6°C and 532 mm, respectively. Most of the rainfall (~80%) is received during South-West monsoon. The experiment study was conducted from March‒June, 2018.

Methodology: Automatic fish feeder includes both electrical and mechanical mechanism. The materials includes for the development of the feeder was cone shape hopper, top covering lid, base, 12V DC motor, 12V 7Ah Rechargeable Lead Acid Battery, Arduino Uno, Bluetooth HC-05 module, 5v Relay, DC-DC step-down converter. The developed feeder was operated with the help of mobile app by using Bluetooth HC-05 module. The spreading distance and amount of feed spread, opening angles of the feeder were evaluated during the research period.

Results:  Our results showed that the amount of feed spread was maximum (140 g m-1) with 1.0 m height and was minimum (101 g m-1) at 0.2 m height. This results clearly shows that the fish feeder has to be kept at maximum height so that it covers maximum spreading distance with minimum loss of fish feed by drift. With increase in height of the machine from ground surface, the spreading distance of the fish feed from the feeding machine was also increased.

Conclusion: Farmers were satisfied with this new technology which helps to avoid manual feeding and provides the clean environment.
Performance of Pleomele (Dracaena reflexa) Varieties in Different potting MEDIA under Prayagraj Agro-climatic Conditions
Authors: Raj Austin T. , Fatmi Urfi , Bahadur Vijay
Published: February 2023

The experiment was conducted in the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (UP),during February, 2022 to May, 2022 with two varities of Dracaena reflexa and seven potting mix. The objective of the experiment is to find out the better performance of pleomele (dracaena reflexa) varieties  in  different potting media under prayagraj agro- climatic conditions. The experiment was laid out in FCRD with 14 Treatment combination replicated thrice. The results revealed that treatment combination V1T7 i.e. Song of India in medium  of - Cocopeat: sand: FYM: vermicompost: perlite(1:1:1:1:1v/v) – performed significantly better in terms of plant height, plant spread, number of leaves, root length, leaf width, leaf length and stem girth.
Simulation Research of Rotary Vector (RV) Reducer Bearing Based on Rigid-flexible Coupling
Authors: Han Linshan , Wang Hongwei , Wang Yingjia , Zhao Jiangyu
Published: February 2023

In this paper, Rotary Vector (RV) reducer as the research object, using Solid Works software to establish a three-dimensional model of RV110-E reducer, and interference check. The key parts were processed flexibly by Abaqus, and the processed flexible body was imported into Adams to establish the rigid-flexible coupling dynamics model of RV reducer. Through simulation analysis, the contact stress curve of key components is obtained, and the influencing factors of fatigue life of reducer are obtained, which lays a foundation for further calculation of fatigue life of reducer. The research method has certain guiding significance to the fatigue life of RV reducer.
Nociplastic Pain — A New Name for an Old and Underrecognized Concept
Authors: Talmage James B.
Published: February 2023

The International Association for the Study of Pain and the World Health Organization have added a new diagnosis, chronic primary pain, and a new pain mechanism, nociplastic pain, to physicians' vocabularies. This new concept explains many pain presentations that have lacked a method of classification. The implications of this new concept regarding treatment options and for determining maximum medical improvement and permanent impairment are evolving. Incorporating the chronic primary pain diagnosis and the nociplastic pain mechanism into practice will require planning and action by physicians. In this article, the history of these terms and their applicability for the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment and related publications will be discussed.
Printable Perovskite Diodes for Broad‐Spectrum Multienergy X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Shabbir Babar , Yu Jae Choul , Warnakula Tharindu , Ayyubi R. A. W. , Pollock James A. , Hossain M. Mosarof , Kim Jueng‐Eun , Macadam Nasiruddin , Ng Leonard. W. T. , Hasan Tawfique , Vak Doojin , Kitchen Marcus J. , Jasieniak Jacek J.
Published: February 2023

Multienergy X‐ray detection is critical to effectively differentiate materials in a variety of diagnostic radiology and nondestructive testing applications. Silicon and selenium X‐ray detectors are the most common for multienergy detection; however, these present poor energy discrimination across the broad X‐ray spectrum and exhibit limited spatial resolution due to the high thicknesses required for radiation attenuation. Here, an X‐ray detector based on solution‐processed thin‐film metal halide perovskite that overcomes these challenges is introduced. By harnessing an optimized n‐i‐p diode configuration, operation is achieved across a broad range of soft and hard X‐ray energies stemming from 0.1 to 10's of keV. Through detailed experimental and simulation work, it is shown that optimized Cs0.1FA0.9PbI3 perovskites effectively attenuate soft and hard X‐rays, while also possessing excellent electrical properties to result in X‐ray detectors with high sensitivity factors that exceed 5 × 103 and 6 × 104 µC Gy−1 cm−2 within soft and hard X‐ray regimes, respectively. Harnessing the solution‐processable nature of the perovskites, roll‐to‐roll printable X‐ray detectors on flexible substrates are also demonstrated.
Engineering of Chain Rigidity and Hydrogen Bond Cross‐Linking toward Ultra‐Strong, Healable, Recyclable, and Water‐Resistant Elastomers
Authors: Guo Zhiwei , Lu Xingyuan , Wang Xiaohan , Li Xiang , Li Jian , Sun Junqi
Published: February 2023

High‐performance elastomers have gained significant interest because of their wide applications in industry and our daily life. However, it remains a great challenge to fabricate elastomers simultaneously integrating ultra‐high mechanical strength, toughness, and excellent healing and recycling capacities. In this study, ultra‐strong, healable, and recyclable elastomers are fabricated by dynamically cross‐linking copolymers composed of rigid polyimide (PI) segments and soft poly(urea–urethane) (PUU) segments with hydrogen bonds. The elastomers, which are denoted as PIPUU, have a record‐high tensile strength of ≈142 MPa and an extremely high toughness of ≈527 MJ m−3. The structure of the PIPUU elastomer contains hydrogen‐bond‐cross‐linked elastic matrix and homogenously dispersed rigid nanostructures. The rigid PI segments self‐assemble to generate phase‐separated nanostructures that serve as nanofillers to significantly strengthen the elastomers. Meanwhile, the elastic matrix is composed of soft PUU segments cross‐linked with reversible hydrogen bonds, which largely enhance the strength and toughness of the elastomer. The dynamically cross‐linked PIPUU elastomers can be healed and recycled to restore their original mechanical strength. Moreover, because of the excellent mechanical performance and the hydrophobic PI segments, the PIPUU elastomers are scratch‐, puncture‐, and water‐resistant.
Self‐Accommodation Induced Electronic Metal–Support Interaction on Ruthenium Site for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Li Changqing , Kim Su Hwan , Lim Hyeong Yong , Sun Qikun , Jiang Yi , Noh Hyuk‐Jun , Kim Seok‐Jin , Baek Jaehoon , Kwak Sang Kyu , Baek Jong‐Beom
Published: February 2023

Tuning the metal‐support interaction of supported metal catalysts has been found to be the most effective approach to modulating electronic structure and improving catalytic performance. But practical understanding of the charge transfer mechanism at the electronic level of catalysis process has remained elusive. Here, it is reported that ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles can self‐accommodate into Fe3O4 and carbon support (Ru‐Fe3O4/C) through the electronic metal‐support interaction, resulting in robust catalytic activity toward the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Spectroscopic evidence and theoretical calculations demonstrate that electronic perturbation occurred in the Ru‐Fe3O4/C, and that charge redistribution directly influenced adsorption behavior during the catalytic process. The RuO bond formed by orbital mixing changes the charge state of the surface Ru site, enabling more electrons to flow to H intermediates (H*) for favorable adsorption. The weak binding strength of the RuO bond also reinforces the anti‐bonding character of H* with a more favorable recombination of H* species into H2 molecules. Because of this satisfactory catalytic mechanism, the Ru‐Fe3O4/C supported nanoparticle catalyst demonstrated better HER activity and robust stability than the benchmark commercial Pt/C benchmark in alkaline media.
Metal‐Free Iodine‐Catalyzed Oxidative Dehydrogenation of N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Li Dengke
Published: February 2023

A general and straightforward iodine‐catalyzed oxidative dehydrogenation system of saturated five and six‐membered N‐heterocycles for the synthesis of N‐heteroarenes is investigated. In this protocol, a series of indole, (iso)quinoline, β‐carboline analogues could be achieved respectively under metal‐free, additive‐free and external‐oxidant‐free conditions in moderate to good yields with broad functional groups compatibility. Preliminary mechanistic investigations support that DMSO plays dual roles as the solvent and the oxidant source in the transformation. The current synthetic strategies can be utilized as the efficient handle to elaborate natural products.
Metal‐Free Iodine‐Promoted Oxidative Dehydrogenative Aromatization of Pyrazolidin‐3‐ones and Pyrazolines: An Efficient and Practical Approach to Functionalized Arylpyrazoles
Authors: Li Dengke , Hu Weiming
Published: February 2023

An efficient and practical iodine‐promoted oxidative aromatization of pyrazolidin‐3‐ones and pyrazolines has been developed under metal‐free, additive‐free and external‐oxidant‐free conditions in good yields with a broad functional group tolerance. In this transformation, a series of functionalized arylpyrazole derivatives could be obtained successfully. More importantly, the current methodology can be utilized as a convenient handle to elaborate pharmaceutical candidates.
Asymmetric Direct Vinylogous Conjugate Addition of α,β‐Unsaturated γ‐Butyrolactam to Acyl Acrylonitriles using Organocatalysts
Authors: Ishii Daiki , Hirashima Shin‐ichi , Nakashima Kosuke , Matsushima Yasuyuki , Sakai Takaaki , Akutsu Hiroshi , Miura Tsuyoshi
Published: February 2023

Thiourea organocatalyst efficiently promotes the asymmetric direct vinylogous conjugate addition of α,β‐unsaturated γ‐butyrolactam to benzoyl acrylonitriles, resulting in corresponding addition products with good yields and excellent stereoselectivities (up to 99% ee). This report is the first study demonstrating the asymmetric direct vinylogous conjugate addition of α,β‐unsaturated γ‐butyrolactam to benzoyl acrylonitriles.
Overlapping imaging features between miscarriage of a low‐lying gestational sac and cervical ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Teoh Jessica , Rajendran Sumathi , Gupta Sarika
Published: February 2023

Early pregnancy ultrasound must satisfy objective criteria to make a safe diagnosis of miscarriage. The differential diagnosis of low‐lying gestational sac includes cervical stage of miscarriage and cervical and caesarean scar ectopic pregnancies. Misdiagnosis can lead to significant maternal morbidity. We describe a pregnancy in a 36‐year‐old primiparous woman where ultrasound findings of a low‐lying gestation sac satisfied criteria for miscarriage; however, dilatation and curettage of pregnancy contents resulted in brisk cervical bleeding. Ultrasound at 6 weeks 6 days of gestation showed an intra‐uterine pregnancy of uncertain viability. Repeat scan after 11 days confirmed miscarriage based on an absence of interval progression between scans and no embryonic heartbeat. The collapsed gestational sac (GS) was seen at the level of the internal os with decidual reaction and peri‐trophoblastic blood flow. Inferior to the sac, minimally vascular trophoblastic appearing tissue was beginning to distend the upper cervical canal: the sliding sign was positive for the GS and negative for the upper cervical contents. Cervical stroma was clearly seen circumferential to the distending tissue. The patient underwent dilatation and curettage of the uterus complicated by 2000 ml haemorrhage requiring blood transfusion and medical and surgical management with intra‐cavitary placement of a Foley catheter. Histopathology confirmed pregnancy tissue with the disruption of cervical epithelium but no true invasion. The patient was counselled to attend a specialist obstetric imaging facility for an early dating ultrasound in future pregnancies. The current body of literature does not describe cases of low‐lying gestation sac miscarriage with high‐risk features of trophoblastic extension into the cervical canal. We suggest maintaining a high index of suspicion and excluding differential diagnoses as the majority of women have no risk factors for ectopic pregnancy. These cases should be recommended for surgical management.
Variation in Medicaid and commercial payer coverage of aducanumab for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lin Pei‐Jung , Levine Adele , Rucker Julia , Chambers James D.
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Ever since the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved aducanumab and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Service (CMS) restricted coverage for the drug, a crucial question has been how other payers will behave. This study examined how Medicaid and commercial plans cover aducanumab.

Methods

We created a database of aducanumab coverage policies issued by Medicaid fee‐for‐service programs (50 states and DC) and 35 of the largest commercial plans (covering ∼ 84% of the commercially insured population).

Results

We found that only 41% of Medicaid fee‐for‐service plans have issued a publicly available coverage policy for aducanumab and that there is wide variation in these coverage criteria. Although the majority of included commercial plans have issued an aducanumab coverage policy, only five plans covered aducanumab for their enrollees. Available coverage polices showed little consistency in how to measure sufficient treatment response.

Discussion

Differences in coverage policies mean that Alzheimer's patients’ access to aducanumab may vary across jurisdictions and across commercial insurers.

Highlights

Less than half of state Medicaid fee‐for‐service plans issued a publicly available coverage policy for aducanumab.

Available Medicaid coverage policies varied substantially in their coverage criteria.

The majority of included commercial plans issued an aducanumab coverage policy; only five plans covered aducanumab.

Available coverage polices showed little consistency in how to measure sufficient treatment response.
Porous Covalent Organic Framework Based Hydrogen‐Bond Nanotrap for the Precise Recognition and Separation of Gold
Authors: Qiu Jikuan , Xu Chang , Xu Xianhui , Zhao Yingjie , Zhao Yang , Zhao Yuling , Wang Jianji
Published: February 2023

Utilizing weak interactions to effectively recover and separate precious metals in solution is of great importance but the practice remains a challenge. Herein, we report a novel strategy to achieve precise recognition and separation of gold by regulating the hydrogen‐bond (H‐bond) nanotrap within the pore of covalent organic frameworks (COFs). It is found that both COF‐HNU25 and COF‐HNU26 can efficiently capture AuIII with fast kinetics, high selectivity, and uptake capacity. In particular, the COF‐HNU25 with the high density of H‐bond nanotraps exhibits an excellent gold uptake capacity of 1725 mg g−1, which is significantly higher than that (219 mg g−1) of its isostructural COF (COF‐42) without H‐bond nanostrap in the pores. Importantly, the uptake capacity is strongly correlated to the number of H‐bonds between phenolic OH in the COF and [AuCl4]− in water, and multiple H‐bond interactions are the key driving force for the excellent gold recovery and reusability of the adsorbent.
Supercritical CO2‐Induced Amorphization in 2D Materials: Mechanism and Applications
Authors: Ge Tianpei , Cui Wenui , Xu Qun
Published: February 2023

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2)‐assisted chemical and material processing has shown great success in the fabrication of 2D amorphous materials, while the amorphization mechanism in SC CO2 is quite complicated to be understand. In this review, we introduce different kinds of 2D amorphous materials prepared with SC CO2 and discuss the possible amorphization mechanism and how they affect the structures and properties of 2D materials. Their applications are further presented and discussed. In addition, the prospective of future development of SC CO2‐assisted fabrication of 2D amorphous materials is also involved. The investigation of SC CO2 induced amorphization not only provides theoretic understanding of amorphization process, but also directs to the preparation and application of 2D amorphous materials with specific structure and property, suggesting the promising future of SC CO2‐assisted process in material design and engineering.
Dynamically Resettable Electrode‐Electrolyte Interface through Supramolecular Sol‐Gel Transition Electrolyte for Flexible Zinc Batteries
Authors: Li Pengzhou , Liao Meng , Cui Shuquan , Li Jiaxin , Ye Lei , Yang Yibei , Wang Chuang , Wang Bingjie , Peng Huisheng
Published: February 2023

Flexible batteries based on gel electrolytes with high safety are promising power solutions for wearable electronics but suffer from vulnerable electrode‐electrolyte interfaces especially upon complex deformations, leading to irreversible capacity loss or even battery collapse. Here, a supramolecular sol‐gel transition electrolyte (SGTE) that can dynamically accommodate deformations and repair electrode‐electrolyte interfaces through its controllable rewetting at low temperatures is designed. Mediated by the micellization of polypropylene oxide blocks in Pluronic and host‐guest interactions between α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) and polyethylene oxide blocks, the high ionic conductivity and compatibility with various salts of SGTE afford resettable electrode‐electrolyte interfaces and thus constructions of a series of highly durable, flexible aqueous zinc batteries. The design of this novel gel electrolyte provides new insights for the development of flexible batteries.
pH‐Triggered Molecular Switch Toward Texture‐Regulated Zn Anode
Authors: Zhang Shao‐Jian , Hao Junnan , Zhu Yilong , Li Huan , Lin Zhan , Qiao Shi‐Zhang
Published: February 2023

Zn electrodes in aqueous media exhibit an unstable Zn/electrolyte interface due to severe parasitic reactions and dendrite formation. Here, a dynamic Zn interface modulation based on the molecular switch strategy is reported by hiring γ‐butyrolactone (GBL) in ZnCl2/H2O electrolyte. During Zn plating, the increased interfacial alkalinity triggers molecular switch from GBL to γ‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB). GHB strongly anchors on Zn surface via triple Zn−O bonding, leading to suppressive hydrogen evolution and texture‐regulated Zn morphology. Upon Zn stripping, the fluctuant pH turns the molecular switch reaction off through the cyclization of GHB to GBL. This dynamic molecular switch strategy enables high Zn reversibility with Coulombic efficiency of 99.8 % and Zn||iodine batteries with high‐cyclability under high Zn depth of discharge (50 %). This study demonstrates the importance of dynamic modulation for Zn electrode and realizes the reversible molecular switch strategy to enhance its reversibility.
Preparation of porous poly(4‐tert‐butylstyrene) based monoliths with high efficiency for oil‐water separation via high internal phase emulsion template
Authors: Zhao Yulai , Shen Lianzhi , Yuan Yu , Xiao Longqiang , Cai Jingyu , Lu Zhen , Hou Linxi
Published: February 2023

Developing low‐cost and highly efficient hydrophobic absorbents via simple and environmentally friendly method is demanded for oil‐water separation. This paper reports the preparation of hydrophobic absorbents of porous poly(4‐tert‐butylstyrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) (poly(tBS‐co‐DVB)) via high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) template method. The effects of crosslinking degree and internal phase volume fraction on the porous structure and adsorption performance of the absorbents are investigated. As the tBS/DVB molar ratio increases from 1:1 to 4:1, the adsorption performance of poly(tBS‐co‐DVB) toward hexane first increases to a maximum at a molar ratio of 3:1 and then decreases. As the internal phase volume fraction increases, the specific surface area (SSA) and porosity of the poly(tBS‐co‐DVB)s notably increase from 33.06 m2/g and 84.07% to 102.89 m2/g and 92.94%, respectively. When the internal phase fraction is 95 vol%, the obtained poly(tBS‐co‐DVB) foam with a water contact angle of 140° shows an absorbing capacity as high as 70.21 g/g for dichloromethane. After 10 consecutive adsorption‐desorption cycles, the adsorption performance of the poly(tBS‐co‐DVB) foam shows only a slight decrease, indicating an excellent recycling ability. The obtained poly(tBS‐co‐DVB) foams exhibit the advantages of facile preparation, high oil absorption capacity and satisfactory recoverability, which enable them potential as sustainable oil adsorbents.
Post‐release survival of shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) and silky (Carcharhinus falciformis) sharks released from pelagic tuna longlines in the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Francis Malcolm P. , Lyon Warrick S. , Clarke Shelley C. , Finucci Brittany , Hutchinson Melanie R. , Campana Steven E. , Musyl Michael K. , Schaefer Kurt M. , Hoyle Simon D. , Peatman Tom , Bernal Diego , Bigelow Keith , Carlson John , Coelho Rui , Heberer Craig , Itano David , Jones Emma , Leroy Bruno , Liu Kwang‐Ming , Murua Hilario , Poisson François , Rogers Paul , Sanchez Caroline , Semba Yasuko , Sippel Tim , Smith Neville
Published: February 2023

Substantial global population declines in pelagic sharks have led to the introduction of management and conservation measures, including gear restrictions and no‐retention policies, to curb declines and encourage stock recovery. As the rate of discarding sharks increases, there is a growing need to understand prognostic factors that influence their post‐release survival (PRS) outcomes.

PRS was measured with survival pop‐up satellite archival tags attached to shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) and silky sharks (Carcharhinus falciformis) released or discarded from pelagic tuna longline fishing vessels operating in the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission Convention Area. In total, 117 tags were deployed on 60 mako and 57 silky sharks captured as bycatch during commercial pelagic longline fishing trips in New Zealand (n = 35), Fiji (n = 58), New Caledonia (n = 10) and the Republic of the Marshall Islands (n = 14).

Mako engaged in long‐distance movements between New Zealand, Australia, Fiji and New Caledonia, while silky sharks tagged in the Marshall Islands showed evidence of seasonal movements eastward.

PRS was determined for 110 sharks (57 mako, 53 silky sharks). Most tagged sharks of both species were uninjured (89%) at capture and most sharks (88%) survived post‐release until tag loss or the programmed pop‐up date (60 days). However, when considering a complete fishing interaction (haulback, handling, release), PRS estimates were markedly reduced to 48.6% and 52.3% for mako and silky sharks, respectively. For both species, survivorship was greater in large (>150 cm fork length) uninjured sharks and sharks released with low shark length to trailing branchline ratios.

While these findings suggest that retention bans offer sharks an increased chance of survival, continued efforts should be made to improve handling and release practices, reduce trailing gear and minimize pelagic shark bycatch.
Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence studies of fluvoxamine maleate tablets in healthy Chinese subjects
Authors: She Ding‐ping , He Ying , Li Ming‐qu , Su Li , Ren Di , Huang Xiao‐han , Zhang Yu‐Hua , Hu Hai‐tang , Deng De‐cheng , Wu Jian‐long
Published: February 2023

Fluvoxamine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor commonly used for various types of depression. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of fluvoxamine maleate tablets orally on an empty stomach and after a meal in healthy adult Chinese subjects and to preliminarily evaluate their safety. A single‐center, randomized, open‐label, two‐drug, two‐period, crossover, single‐dose trial protocol was designed. Sixty healthy Chinese participants were enrolled and randomly classified into fasting (n = 30) and fed groups (n = 30). Each week, subjects took fluvoxamine maleate tablets 50 mg orally once as a test preparation or as a reference preparation on an empty stomach/after meals. To evaluate the bioequivalence of test and reference tables, the concentration of fluvoxamine maleate in the plasma of the subjects at different time points after administration was detected by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and pharmacokinetic parameters including the maximum plasma drug concentration (Cmax), the time to reach maximum concentration (Tmax), the area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to the last measurable concentration (AUC0–t) and the area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC0–∞) were calculated. Our data revealed that the 90% confidence intervals of the geometric mean ratio of the test or reference drugs for the Cmax, AUC0–t and AUC0–∞ fell within the acceptance range for bioequivalence (92.30–102.77%). The absorption, measured by AUC, did not show a significant difference between the two groups. There were no suspected serious adverse reactions or serious adverse events over the entire trial. Our results demonstrated that the test and reference tablets were bioequivalent under fasting and fed conditions.
Computer educators' perception of the utilization of online assessment in the Covid‐19 era
Authors: Lu Shaohua , Eloanyi Chekwube B. , Olelewe Chijioke J.
Published: February 2023

The proliferation of ICT in today's world of work particularly in education has necessitated the need to assess lecturers' views of online assessment use in the covid‐19 era given the disruptions in face‐to‐face teaching and learning process. The study adopted a mixed research design. The population for the study was 84 computer educators made up of 40 males and 44 females from the four public tertiary institutions in Enugu State, Nigeria. Three research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The instruments used for data collection were a structured questionnaire titled “Computer Educators' Perception of Use of Online Assessment” (CEPUOA) and a guided interview relating to the research questions. The internal consistency was determined using the Cronbach α reliability test which gave an index of .9. The data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation while the null hypotheses were tested using a t‐test at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study indicated that computer educators have a positive disposition toward the use of online assessment in conducting various assessment techniques such as tests/quizzes, semester examinations, and seminar/project evaluations. The findings of the study further showed that the utilization of online assessment techniques facilitates timely monitoring of students' progress, and the provision of immediate feedback to the learners helps in preparing students with digital skills required to function in the 21st‐century workplace, among others. In view of these, it was recommended that tertiary institutions should initiate workable policies that will encourage the effective use of online assessment by lecturers.
Exploring the inhibitory effect of maximising mindset on impulse buying
Authors: Ding Zhoujin , Tu Ming , Guo Zizheng
Published: February 2023

Although impulse buying could temporarily increase sales, it is essential to explore how to curb impulse buying because impulse buying leads to negative consequences for both consumers and enterprises in the long run. Previous research investigated the negative correlation between impulse buying and situational factors or personal traits. However, these factors were complicated for marketers or consumers to manipulate, so the research gap was that a lack of research focused on how to curb impulse buying through external intervention. This study aimed to find an effective external intervention to curb impulse buying and thus fill the blanket. This study introduced maximising mindset, a mindset that could be manipulated externally and used effectively by consumers and marketers to curb impulse buying. Data were collected online from 1106 participants in China through the research platform Sojump. The results demonstrated that maximising mindset negatively correlated with impulse buying, and future‐oriented thinking played a role as a mediator. This study contained theoretical for future research on impulse buying and practical value in helping consumers achieve better decisions and helping companies achieve long‐term growth.
Co‐translational Installation of Posttranslational Modifications by Non‐canonical Amino Acid Mutagenesis
Authors: Niu Wei , Guo Jiantao
Published: February 2023

Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) play critical roles in regulating cellular activities. Here we provide a survey of genetic code expansion (GCE) methods that were applied in the co‐translational installation and studies of PTMs through noncanonical amino acid (ncAA) mutagenesis. We begin by reviewing types of PTM that have been installed by GCE with a focus on modifications of tyrosine, serine, threonine, lysine, and arginine residues. We also discuss examples of applying these methods in biological studies. Finally, we end the piece with a short discussion on the challenges and the opportunities of the field.
Iridium Incorporation into MnO2 for an Enhanced Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Kakati Uddipana , Elzinga Evert J. , Mansley Zachary R. , Roe Benjamin , Alimohammadi Farbod , Schwenk Gregory , Ning Jinliang , Zhu Yimei , Ji Hai‐Feng , Sun Jianwei , Strongin Daniel R.
Published: February 2023

We have investigated the structure and activity of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) that had low loadings of Ir incorporated into the 2D layered MnO2, (birnessite, nominally δ‐MnO2) and the 3D MnO2 (pyrolusite, β‐MnO2). The Ir‐incorporated β‐MnO2 (Ir/β‐MnO2) electrocatalysts were prepared for the first time via a thermally induced phase transition of δ‐MnO2 containing 16–22 wt% Ir. This phase transition of δ‐MnO2 to β‐MnO2 was facilitated by the presence of Ir in the structure, as both Ir in IrO2 and Mn in β‐MnO2 could adopt a thermodynamically favored rutile structure. Extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) of Ir/β‐MnO2 showed that the catalyst consisted of Ir substituted into the crystalline β‐MnO2 lattice. 22 wt% Ir/β‐MnO2 (60 
) exhibited an OER overpotential (
) of 337 mV, lower than the
for commercial IrO2. This
was constant for 6 h, at 10 mA 
in 0.5 M H2SO4. EXAFS, high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM) and X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) showed that 22 wt% Ir/β‐MnO2 had a strained structure containing ∼41 % Mn3+, an OER active species, along with a modified Ir bond covalency consisting of both Ir−O−Ir and Ir−O−Mn.
Bunno's Fabulous Soap‐Making Challenge – Educational Concept, Game Design, and Initial Evaluation
Authors: Cermak-Sassenrath Daniel , Solmaz Serkan , Alfaro Jessica L. Dominguez , Udeozor Chioma
Published: February 2023

Bunno's Fabulous Soap‐Making Challenge is intended to be both a game that is played for fun and a game from which subject content can be learned. The game is a resource‐managing game in which players plan, organize, and execute the production of soap. This article critically discusses the game concept. It also describes the educational theory, the game design as well as the educational content and the projected learning outcomes of the game. The results of an initial evaluation of the game are presented. A mixed‐methods approach finds that players enjoyed playing the game. The players make several recommendations, including the addition of specific game mechanics that offer players a greater level of in‐game control and increasing the challenge and complexity of the game.
Crystalline Order Propagates Across Thick Layers of Water in Solutions of Supramolecular Nanotubes
Authors: Huang Ningdong , Huang Weiheng , Luo Zhenlin , Chu Wangsheng , Ungar Goran
Published: February 2023

3D crystalline order with 1 nm resolution is observed in aqueous solutions of supramolecular nanotubes containing 94 % water, at concentrations as low as 6 wt%. 50 of star‐like organic ions arrange into supramolecular rings which, in turn, stack on top of each other to form long hollow tubes with 15 nm outer diameter. Cryo‐TEM and X‐ray diffraction show that the parallel nanotubes arrange on a perfect hexagonal lattice. Unexpectedly, fiber diffraction on sheared solutions revealed numerous hkl Bragg reflections on several layer lines indicating longitudinal interlock between the tubes and 3D crystalline order with molecular‐scale details transferred across 10 nm thick layers of water. The observed high 3D order is attributed to long‐range attraction between like‐charged tubes and amplified charge modulation by the extremely high intra‐tube correlation length.