bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using partial least squares structural equation modeling in hospitality and tourism
Authors: Usakli Ahmet , Kucukergin Kemal Gurkan
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to review the use of partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in the field of hospitality and tourism and thereby to assess whether the PLS-SEM-based papers followed the recommended application guidelines and to investigate whether a comparison of journal types (hospitality vs tourism) and journal qualities (top-tier vs other leading) reveal significant differences in PLS-SEM use.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 206 PLS-SEM based papers published between 2000 and April 2017 in the 19 SSCI-indexed hospitality and tourism journals were critically analyzed using a wide range of guidelines for the following aspects of PLS-SEM: the rationale of using the method, the data characteristics, the model characteristics, the model assessment and reporting the technical issues.

Findings

The results reveal that some aspects of PLS-SEM are correctly applied by researchers, but there are still some misapplications, especially regarding data characteristics, formative measurement model evaluation and structural model assessment. Furthermore, few significant differences were found on the use of PLS-SEM between the two fields (hospitality and tourism) and between the journal tiers (top-tier and other leading).

Practical implications

To enhance the quality of research in hospitality and tourism, the present study provides recommendations for improving the future use of PLS-SEM.

Originality/value

The present study fills a sizeable gap in hospitality and tourism literature and extends the previous assessments on the use of PLS-SEM by providing a wider perspective on the issue (i.e. includes both hospitality and tourism journals rather than the previous reviews that focus on either tourism or hospitality), using a larger sample size of 206 empirical studies, investigating the issue over a longer time period (from 2000 to April, 2017, including the in-press articles), extending the scope of criteria (guidelines) used in the review and comparing the PLS-SEM use between the two allied fields (hospitality and tourism) and between the journal tiers (top-tier and other leading).
Effective quality systems: implementation in Australian public hospitals
Authors: Leggat Sandra G. , Balding Cathy
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to review the implementation of seven components of quality systems (QSs) linked with quality improvement in a sample of Australian hospitals.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors completed a systematic review to identify QS components associated with measureable quality improvement. Using mixed methods, the authors then reviewed the current state of these QS components in a sample of eight Australian hospitals.

Findings

The literature review identified seven essential QS components. Both the self-evaluation and focus group data suggested that none of the hospitals had all of these seven components in place, and that there were some implementation issues with those components that were in use. Although board and senior executives could point to a large number of quality and safety documents that they felt were supporting a vision and framework for safe, high-quality care, middle managers and clinical staff described the QSs as compliance driven and largely irrelevant to their daily pursuit of safe, high-quality care. The authors also found little specific training in quality improvement for staff, lack of useful data for clinicians on the quality of care they provide and confusion about how organisational QSs work.

Practical implications

This study provides a clearer picture of why QSs are not yet achieving the results that boards and executives want to achieve, and that patients require.

Originality/value

This is the first study to explore the implementation of QSs in hospitals in-depth from the perspective of hospital staff, linking the findings to the implementation of QS component identified in the literature.
Teaching introductory macroeconomics during the Greek financial crisis
Authors: Marangos John
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to determine how including the Greek financial crisis in teaching introductory macroeconomics benefits students.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology is based on the responses of a recent survey administered to students at a university in Greece.

Findings

An eclectic approach that distinguishes various economic theories and methodologies, mainly neoclassical and Keynesian, can provide a pedagogical way of teaching introductory macroeconomics, allowing students to use their everyday personal experiences in determining the most “suitable” theory in explaining the crisis.

Originality/value

To the author’s knowledge, such an exercise of discovering students’ perceptions of teaching an introductory macroeconomics Substitute with course during the global financial crisis has not yet been attempted.
The role of libraries in teaching doctoral students to become information-literate researchers
Authors: Ince Sharon , Hoadley Christopher , Kirschner Paul A.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to review current literature pertaining to information literacy and digital literacy skills and practices within the research workflow for doctoral students and makes recommendations for how libraries (and others) can foster skill-sets for graduate student research workflows for the twenty-first century scholarly researcher.

Design/methodology/approach

A review of existing information literacy practices for doctoral students was conducted, and four key areas of knowledge were identified and discussed.

Findings

The findings validate the need for graduate students to have training in information literacy, information management, knowledge management and scholarly communication. It recommends empirical studies to be conducted to inform future practices for doctoral students.

Practical implications

This paper offers four areas of training to be considered by librarians and faculty advisers to better prepare scholars for their future.

Originality/value

This paper presents a distinctive synthesis of the types of information literacy and digital literacy skills needed by graduate students.
Corporate real estate strategies and organizational culture
Authors: Nase Ilir , Arkesteijn Monique
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how strategic corporate real estate (CRE) management varies across different types of organizational culture. Additionally, the authors examine how a set of well-established strategies is categorized by CRE executives and investigate whether there have been any changes in priorities of managers’ rating in importance of these strategies compared to a post-GFC study.

Design/methodology/approach

A wide-scale survey of CRE managers was undertaken in summer 2016. Two key components of the survey are namely importance scoring of CRE strategies after the framework of Gibler and Lindholm (2012) and organizational culture assessment based on the competing values framework of Cameron and Quinn (2006). Analysis of CRE strategy importance is undertaken based on the average score comparison per each cultural family, and additional features are reported based on the industry sector, firm size and CRE department size. Principal component analysis is used to provide statistical evidence on the grouping of CRE strategies by practitioners.

Findings

Empirical evidence points toward a clear division on the organizational culture dimension that differentiates effectiveness criteria of flexibility and discretion from stability and control. More specifically, clan and adhocracy cultural types prioritize employee-centric CRE strategies, whereas hierarchy and market cultures consider “Reducing real estate cost” as their single most influential strategy.

Research limitations/implications

The competing values framework has been adapted from the original ipsative scoring process to reflect the fact that only one respondent per firm assesses their organization’s culture.

Practical implications

The findings of this study are useful to CRE managers striving for maximum strategic fit within their firms as they unveil clear patterns of CRE strategy prioritization among different organizational culture types.

Originality/value

To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first study that analyzes the inter-relationships among CRE strategies and organizational culture variations. Additionally, the paper provides a categorization of CRE strategies through statistical methods that follow a clear pattern based on the scope of each strategy.
Planar array magnetic induction tomography further improvement
Authors: Li F. , Soleimani M. , Abascal J.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Magnetic induction tomography (MIT) is a tomographic imaging technique with a wide range of potential industrial applications. Planar array MIT is a convenient setup but unable to access freely from the entire periphery as it only collects measurements from one surface, so it remains challenging given the limited data. This study aims to assess the use of sparse regularization methods for accurate position and depth detection in planar array MIT.

Design/methodology/approach

The most difficult challenges in MIT are to solve the inverse and forward problems. The inversion of planar MIT is severely ill-posed due to limited access data. Thus, this paper posed a total variation (TV) problem and solved it efficiently with the Split Bregman formulation to overcome this difficulty. Both isotropic and anisotropic TV formulations are compared to Tikhonov regularization with experimental MIT data.

Findings

The results show that Tikhonov method failed or underestimated the object position and depth. Both isotropic and anisotropic TV led to accurate recovery of depth and position.

Originality/value

There are numerous potential applications for planar array MIT where access to the materials under testing is restrict. Sparse regularization methods are a promising approach to improving depth detection for limited MIT data.
Creative tourism: South African township explorations
Authors: Booyens Irma , Rogerson Christian M.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

This purpose of this paper is to explore creative forms of tourism in South African townships. The developmental potential of slum tourism is contested. One challenge is to reconfigure extant forms of slum tourism into more sustainable alternatives that emphasise combatting poverty through generating economic opportunities and upgrading slum spaces. It is argued that creative tourism has a vital potential role in reshaping slum tourism in a responsible manner.

Design/methodology/approach

This exploratory investigation identifies emerging examples of creative forms of tourism in two case study townships: Soweto in Johannesburg and Langa in Cape Town. Current examples and potential for future development are interrogated, and areas for further research are outlined.

Findings

Emerging examples of creative tourism in townships with an emphasis on creative participatory experiences, creative spaces and creative cultural events are identified. It is suggested that creative tourism offerings based on cultural resources are under-developed, and potential exists for innovating and expanding creative tourism offerings in townships as a response to latent international and domestic visitor demands.

Social implications

Creative township tourism provides a number of avenues for catalysing economic opportunities; ensuring that locals benefit directly, upgrading physical township spaces and offering alternatives to voyeuristic forms of slum tourism by enhancing the authenticity of visitor experiences.

Originality/value

A new perspective on slum tourism is offered. Creative slum tourism has not been interrogated in the existing slum tourism and creative tourism literatures. This paper calls for more comprehensive empirical investigation on creative forms of tourism in townships and also in slums.
How to retire like a Soviet person: informality, household finances, and kinship in financialized Kazakhstan
Authors: Begim Ainur
Published: October 2018

What motivates financially savvy and well‐to‐do Kazakhstanis to invest in illegal financial products peddled by informal financial consultants? This article examines how such consultants capitalize on citizens’ discontent with the state and its management of the financial sphere and position their products as means of achieving socialist‐era security through Western financial technologies. By attending to the emergent space between idealized socialism and capitalism, this article grounds finance in kin relations, gender inequities, and local economic and political histories and explores how socialist conceptions of retirement and money management are reimagined and practised in relation to state‐led financialization.
Analyzing the Evolution of a Digital Technology Intervention: One Laptop Per Child in a Remote Papua New Guinea Community
Authors: Saxe Geoffrey B. , de Kirby Kenton
Published: October 2018

This article offers an ethnographic account of the evolution of a One Laptop per Child intervention program in Oksapmin communities (Papua New Guinea). The analysis examines the intervention’s evolution as historically contingent, revealing how interdependent actions of multiple stakeholders create and partially resolve perceived threats to the program’s continuation under changing circumstances. The approach contrasts with those that explain the success or failure of interventions based upon “fit” to cultural context.
Dropping to escape: a review of an under‐appreciated antipredator defence
Authors: Humphreys Rosalind K. , Ruxton Graeme D.
Published: October 2018

Dropping is a common antipredator defence that enables rapid escape from a perceived threat. However, despite its immediate effectiveness in predator–prey encounters (and against other dangers such as a parasitoid or an aggressive conspecific), it remains an under‐appreciated defence strategy in the scientific literature. Dropping has been recorded in a wide range of taxa, from primates to lizards, but has been studied most commonly in insects. Insects have been found to utilise dropping in response to both biotic and abiotic stimuli, sometimes dependent on mechanical or chemical cues. Whatever the trigger for dropping, the decision to drop by prey will present a range of inter‐related costs and benefits to the individual and so there will be subtle complexities in the trade‐offs surrounding this defensive behaviour. In predatory encounters, dropping by prey will also impose varying costs and benefits on the predator – or predators – involved in the system. There may be important trade‐offs involved in the decision made by predators regarding whether to pursue prey or not, but the predator perspective on dropping has been less explored at present. Beyond its function as an escape tactic, dropping has also been suggested to be an important precursor to flight in insects and further study could greatly improve understanding of its evolutionary importance. Dropping in insects could also prove of significant practical importance if an improved understanding can be applied to integrated pest‐management strategies. Currently the non‐consumptive effects of predators on their prey are under‐appreciated in biological control and it may be that the dropping behaviour of many pest species could be exploited via management practices to improve crop protection. Overall, this review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the current literature on dropping and to raise awareness of this fascinating and widespread behaviour. It also seeks to offer some novel hypotheses and highlight key avenues for future research.
MPV17 mutations in juvenile‐ and adult‐onset axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy
Authors: Baumann Matthias , Schreiber Herbert , Schlotter‐Weigel Beate , Löscher Wolfgang N. , Stucka Rolf , Karall Daniela , Strom Tim M. , Bauer Peter , Krabichler Birgit , Fauth Christine , Glaeser Dieter , Senderek Jan
Published: October 2018

MPV17 encodes a putative channel‐forming protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane and is involved in mitochondrial deoxynucleotide homeostasis. MPV17 mutations were first reported in patients with Navajo neurohepatopathy, an autosomal recessive mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, characterized by early‐onset liver failure, failure to thrive as well as central and peripheral neurological involvement. Recently, two patients with juvenile‐onset peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy associated with an MVP17 c.122G>A (p.Arg41Gln) variant have been reported. Here, we describe five additional patients from two unrelated families with sensorimotor axonal neuropathy without hepatocerebral affection caused by homozygous MPV17 variants. Patients of the first family carried the known c.122G>A variant and affected individuals of the second family had a novel c.376‐9T>G near‐splice variant, which was shown to result in an in‐frame deletion of 11 amino acids. This report provides further evidence that MPV17 mutations should be considered in patients with pure, non‐syndromic axonal neuropathy.
Die histologische intraläsionale Heterogenität aktinischer Keratosen als Zeichen von Feldkanzerisierung
Authors: Schmitz Lutz , Stücker Markus , Gambichler Thilo , Stockfleth Eggert , Dirschka Thomas
Published: October 2018

Hintergrund/Ziele

Die histologische Heterogenität innerhalb einzelner Aktinischer Keratosen (AKs) wurde beschrieben und könnte als zusätzliches Merkmal zur Charakterisierung von AKs dienen. Unser Ziel war es daher die histologische Heterogenität von AKs anhand unterschiedlicher Klassifikationen zu untersuchen und zu quantifizieren.

Material und Methoden

Wir bewerteten die histologischen Charakteristika von 3‐mm‐Biopsien von AK‐Läsionen der Kopfhaut oder des Gesichtes. Dazu wurde die basale Proliferation (PRO I–III) und der histologischen Grad (AK I–III) sowie die Gesamtklassifikation der jeweiligen Läsion bestimmt.

Ergebnisse

Von den 305 untersuchten Läsionen wurden 48 (15,7 %) als AK I, 152 (49,8 %) als AK II und 105 (34,4 %) als AK III klassifiziert. 33 AKs (10,8 %) zeigten keine basale Proliferation, 94 (30,8 %) wurden als PRO I, 99 (32,5 %) als PRO II und 79 (25,9 %) als PRO III eingestuft. Es zeigte sich jeweils ein AK‐Grad in 94 (30,8 %) bzw. ein PRO‐Grad in 104 (34,1 %) Fällen, jeweils 2 Grade in 170 (55,7 %) bzw. 168 (55,1 %) Fällen und gleichzeitig alle 3 Grade in 41 (13,4 %) bzw. 33 (10,8 %) der Fälle (Chi‐Quadrat‐Test, p < 0,0001).

Schlussfolgerungen

In Analogie zur klinischen Variabilität einer Feldkanzerisierung zeigen selbst einzelne AKs innerhalb kleinster Abschnitte eine starke Heterogenität der histologischen Graduierung. Diese Variationsbreite der AK‐Einteilung spiegelt die Heterogenität der Feldkanzerisierung wider und kann als zusätzliches histologisches Merkmal dienen.
The Migration Archipelago: Social Navigation and Migrant Agency
Authors: Triandafyllidou Anna
Published: October 2018

This paper is inscribed into a new line of scholarly work seeking to cast light to the ways in which migrants convert their motivations into action within a policy framework that is characterised by many restrictions and limited opportunities to move. Drawing on recent fieldwork (2013‐2014) on irregular migrants from Afghanistan, Albania, Georgia, Pakistan and the Ukraine, in Greece, we investigate how they perceive opportunities and navigate restrictions eventually crossing borders whether unlawfully (from unguarded border areas or with fake documentation) or legally (abusing the terms of their entry/stay). The paper adopts the notion of social navigation as a heuristics tool to conceptualise the social, temporal and spatial character of the migration journey, its nodal points, and the interaction of migrants with different actors and factors that shape their migration plans and explores different types of migrant agency (recuperation, resilience and resistance) developed during the navigation process.
Scattered Limbs: Capitalists, Kin, and Primitive Accumulation in Brazil's Cacao Lands, 1950s–1970s
Authors: DeVore Jonathan
Published: October 2018

Este artigo analisa um land grab que ocorreu na região cacaueira da Bahia entre as décadas de 1950 e 1970, despojando centenas de pessoas, muitas delas afrodescendentes, que tinham se refugiado nas florestas da região após a abolição da escravidão. O land grab foi inaugurado por um dos mais importantes capitalistas brasileiros, Norberto Odebrecht, cuja ascensão no sul da Bahia foi pouco tratada pela historiografia. O artigo descreve a chegada de Odebrecht à região, a expansão da extração de madeira e do cultivo de borracha industrial, e os processos que levaram as famílias locais a perderem suas terras e serem transformadas em um proletariado rural. Embora o caso forneça um exemplo clássico do que Marx chama de “acumulação primitiva de capital,” o relato chama a atenção para formas menos teorizadas de despossessão, caracterizadas recentemente como “intimate exclusions,” e casos inesperados de solidariedade interseccional. A conclusão destaca a realidade semiótica da narratividade, atentando para as consequências econômicas e políticas das narrativas de despossessão.
Implicit motives and basic psychological needs
Authors: Schüler Julia , Baumann Nicola , Chasiotis Athanasios , Bender Michael , Baum Ingrid
Published: October 2018

The present article starts with discussing similarities and differences between conceptualizations of human needs in self‐determination theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan [1985], Intrinsic motivation and self‐determination in human behavior; Deci & Ryan [2000], Nebraska symposium on motivation: Perspectives on motivation) and motive disposition theory (MDT; McClelland, Human motivation, 1985). The second section focuses on the two‐process model of psychological needs (Sheldon [2011], Psychological Review, 118: 552), which aims to integrate the two approaches, whereas the third section highlights some aspects of both theories that are still decoupled or even contradictory, but nevertheless still have a high potential to be linked. These three aspects are (a) the noncorresponding concepts of implicit power motive (MDT) and basic need for autonomy (SDT); (b) the differentiation of needs into hope and fear components, which is theoretically embedded in MDT, but not in SDT; and (c) MDT researchers’ differentiation into an implicit and explicit motivational system, which is not included in SDT. Particularly, the last section highlights the potential for areas in which further integration is possible, which provides a foundation for comprehensive and exciting research on human motivation.
Development of non‐governmental organisation‐academic partnership to tackle rabies in Africa and Asia
Authors: Gamble L. , Gibson A. , Mazeri S. , de C Bronsvoort B. M. , Handel I. , Mellanby R. J.
Published: October 2018

Rabies kills approximately 60,000 people each year, mainly in sub‐Saharan Africa and Asia, of which 40% of victims are less than 15 years old. Once clinical signs develop, the disease is almost invariably fatal. Globally, rabies has been estimated to cause 3∙7 million disability‐adjusted life years and $8∙6B in economic losses annually. The vast majority of human rabies cases are caused by bites from rabies‐infected dogs. Despite this loss of human life and resultant economic and societal costs, rabies can be prevented in both humans and dogs by vaccination. This has been demonstrated in many countries, notably in Central and South America, where large‐scale, high coverage mass dog vaccination programmes have dramatically reduced the incidence of rabies. Even in parts of Africa and Asia, projects have shown that rabies can be eliminated locally. Nevertheless, rabies remains an important cause of mortality in many sub‐Saharan and Asian countries. The reasons why some countries have been able to effectively eliminate rabies whereas others have not are complex and often impossible to definitively identify; commonly cited explanations include political, economic, logistical and societal barriers.
The robust pricing–hedging duality for American options in discrete time financial markets
Authors: Aksamit Anna , Deng Shuoqing , Obłój Jan , Tan Xiaolu
Published: October 2018

We investigate the pricing–hedging duality for American options in discrete time financial models where some assets are traded dynamically and others, for example, a family of European options, only statically. In the first part of the paper, we consider an abstract setting, which includes the classical case with a fixed reference probability measure as well as the robust framework with a nondominated family of probability measures. Our first insight is that, by considering an enlargement of the space, we can see American options as European options and recover the pricing–hedging duality, which may fail in the original formulation. This can be seen as a weak formulation of the original problem. Our second insight is that a duality gap arises from the lack of dynamic consistency, and hence that a different enlargement, which reintroduces dynamic consistency is sufficient to recover the pricing–hedging duality: It is enough to consider fictitious extensions of the market in which all the assets are traded dynamically. In the second part of the paper, we study two important examples of the robust framework: the setup of Bouchard and Nutz and the martingale optimal transport setup of Beiglböck, Henry‐Labordère, and Penkner, and show that our general results apply in both cases and enable us to obtain the pricing–hedging duality for American options.
Educators’ Target Language Varieties for Language Learners: Orientation Toward ‘Native’ and ‘Nonnative’ Norms in a Minority Language Context
Authors: Ó MURCHADHA NOEL , FLYNN COLIN J.
Published: October 2018

Target varieties for language learning are contentious in applied linguistics and sociolinguistics. Debates centre on the nature and utility of alternative norms. Approximation to ‘native speaker’ practices is the hallmark of language education. Thus, policy and pedagogy frequently orient toward achieving native‐like production. While many language learning stakeholders are committed to this model, it is also contested. Opponents point to the ideological assumptions about ‘native’ and ‘nonnative’ speech inherent in the model, and to the unrealistic aims it presents to teachers and learners. While much research focuses on learner preferences, little work exists on teacher attitudes. This article aims to address this dearth in the target variety debate. By focusing on Irish as a minority language, the article supplements the literature on classroom targets for English and other major languages. A thematic analysis of interviews with Irish language pedagogues is presented and reveals their engagement with target varieties for the language.
Role of C‐reactive protein in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury
Authors: Tang Ying , Mak Shiu‐Kwong , Xu An P , Lan Hui‐Yao
Published: October 2018

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by both non‐inflammatory and inflammatory process, and accumulating evidence has demonstrated that inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis and progression of AKI. C‐reactive protein (CRP), an acute reactant produced by liver and many inflammatory cells, acts not only as an inflammation biomarker, but also as a pathogenic factor for AKI. Indeed, increased concentration of CRP is associated with poor outcome of varied etiologically related AKI patients. In recent years, the role of CRP is gradually recognized as an active participant in the pathogenesis and progression of AKI by exacerbating local inflammation, impairing the proliferation of damaged tubular epithelial cells and promoting fibrosis of injured renal tissue.
Mineral bone disorders in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Hou Yi‐Chou , Lu Chien‐Lin , Lu Kuo‐Cheng
Published: October 2018

As the GFR loss aggravates, the disturbed mineral metabolism worsens the bone microstructure and remodelling ‐ scenario, which is known as CKD‐mineral bone disease (MBD). CKD‐MBD is characterized by : (i) abnormal metabolism of calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), or vitamin D; (ii) abnormalities in bone turnover, mineralization, volume linear growth or strength; (iii) soft‐tissue calcifications, either vascular or extra‐osseous. Uremic vascular calcification and osteoporosis are the most common complications related to CKD‐MBD. Disregulated bone turnover by uremic toxin or secondary hyperparathyroidism disturbed bone mineralization and makes it difficult for calcium and inorganic phosphate to enter into bone, resulting in increased serum calcium and inorganic phosphate. Vascular calcification worsens by hyperphosphatemia and systemic inflammation. Since vitamin D deficiency plays an important role in renal osteodystrophy, supplement of nutritional vitamin D is important in treating uremic osteoporosis and vascular calcification at the same time. Its pleotropic effect improves the bone remodeling initiated by osteoblast and alleviates the risk factors for vascular calcification with less hypercalcemia than vitamin D receptor analogs. Therefore, nutritional vitamin D should be considered in managing CKDMBD.
Lupus nephritis: An update on treatments and pathogenesis
Authors: Yap Desmond YH , Yung Susan , Chan TAK MAO
Published: October 2018

Immunosuppressive therapies for lupus nephritis (LN) have improved significantly over the past few decades, resulting in growing number of choices for treatment individualization and improved renal and patient outcomes. Corticosteroids combined with mycophenolate or cyclophosphamide induces a satisfactory response in a high proportion of Asian and Caucasian patients, but the rate of improvement varies considerably between patients. Relatively low disease flare rate was observed in Chinese patients receiving low‐dose prednisolone and mycophenolate maintenance. Short‐term results with calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) are encouraging, attributed both to their immunosuppressive efficacy and the action of these agents on podocyte biology leading to more rapid proteinuria suppression. Additional data, especially on the avoidance of nephrotoxicity and metabolic side effects, is required to facilitate selection of patients appropriate for this treatment. Modifications of standard regimens such as reducing corticosteroid exposure or using enteric‐coated mycophenolate might help reduce treatment‐related toxicities without compromising efficacy. While clinical outcomes of patients have improved with recent therapeutic advances, individual and ethnic variations in disease manifestations and treatment response, as well as the prevention of infections and long‐term complications still present challenges to frontline clinicians. Recent data from histological examination and translational studies also suggest that complement activation via the alternative pathway, immune deposition on renal tubular basement membrane, and local inflammatory responses involving resident kidney cells are of pathogenic relevance in LN. The progress of clinical and translational studies has improved not only the understanding of disease mechanisms but also clinical decision making in the management of LN.
A cultural approach to wetlands restoration to assess its public acceptance
Authors: Pueyo‐Ros Josep , Ribas Anna , Fraguell Rosa M.
Published: October 2018

Ecological restoration (ER) of coastal wetlands is extremely important because they provide a huge variety of ecosystem services (ES), but they are the most degraded ecosystems in the world. However, coastal wetlands are usually located in largely modified and densely populated landscapes. Hence their restoration may conflict with cultural values. Therefore, considering the cultural dimension of ER is a way of increasing public acceptance of restoration projects. In this study, we assessed the public acceptance of a restoration project in a coastal wetland of Costa Brava (Spain). We combined the ES framework with a cultural approach, which is capable of considering interdisciplinarity, introducing barely assessed services like tranquility and facilitating further integration of the human dimension in the ES framework. We administered an open‐ended questionnaire to 232 visitors and the answers were submitted to a content analysis to get a post hoc classification of services and values. Our results show that visitors undervalue environmental values, while tranquility is the most commonly stated value. Moreover, place attachment is found to be the main driver to influence the perception of the ER. The study concluded that the project enjoys a high public acceptance. However, some disengagement exists between the goals of restoration and visitors’ perceptions, and this needs to be addressed. Sharing the decision‐making power with stakeholders and informing visitors about ES that are not easily perceived could be appropriate steps to take.
The first case of severe acute hemolytic transfusion reaction caused by anti‐Sc2
Authors: Lemay Anne‐Sophie , Tong Tik Nga , Branch Donald R. , Huang Mary , Sumner Christopher , Oldfield Lynne , Hawes Janice , Cserti‐Gazdewich Christine M. , Lau Wendy
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND

Alloantibodies to the low‐frequency antigen Scianna‐2 (Sc2) have been implicated in cases of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn but never in hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs); thus, the clinical significance of anti‐Sc2 has yet to be fully addressed.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

A 26‐year‐old woman with thalassemia presented rigors, fever, nausea, abdominal pain, and hemolytic biochemistry after exposure to 75 mL of plasma‐reduced red blood cells (RBCs). The RBC unit was issued by electronic crossmatch but was 3+ incompatible on recrossmatch by gel indirect antiglobulin test (IAT). The patient had anti‐Sc2 previously identified, but considered to be clinically insignificant. The transfusion history was reviewed and a monocyte monolayer assay (MMA) was performed.

RESULTS

The patient was investigated for a RBC reaction 9 years prior, when she developed symptoms of HTR. The RBC unit was crossmatched by immediate spin due to consistent screen negativity. Full crossmatch found the RBC 1+ incompatible by gel IAT with both pre/post samples, while direct antiglobulin test was negative (pre) and 1+ immunoglobulin G positive (post). The antibody remained unidentified and she was committed to gel IAT crossmatch. Two‐years later, the specificity to Sc2 was deduced when one RBC unit was found 3+ incompatible. Finally, the transfusion reaction reported herein occurred when she received by happenstance RBCs from the same donor who was associated with the remote reaction 9 years earlier. MMA yielded highly positive phagocytic indices only for Sc2+ RBCs, including the donor's RBCs that triggered the severe HTR.

CONCLUSION

This is the first case of HTR caused by anti‐Sc2 confirmed by clinical findings and MMA.
Language and empowerment
Authors: Webster Jonathan
Published: October 2018

Edwin Thumboo's poem Language as Power, written for Larry and Braj (L&B) provides the central theme for this paper written in remembrance of Larry. The poem is a composition in two movements, engaging readers aesthetically and spiritually. The poem's first movement is more like a hymn, celebrating the power of the Word. The second movement explores the impact of the phenomenon known as world Englishes. The paper concludes with two personal notes: the first explaining how the meaning‐making potential of language – what Halliday calls ‘grammatical energy’ – is employed by the poet to immortalize L & B; and the second, how our encounters with Larry's every good endeavor have enriched our lives and made us better human beings.
Metaphorical Perceptions of the Academicians Working in the Field of Recreation Regarding the Concept of “Recreation”
Authors: Esentaş Melike
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study is to reveal how the academicians working in the field of recreation conceptualize their ideas about “recreation” through metaphors. Phenomenology being among the qualitative research methods was used in this study. The research population is composed of the academicians working in the field of recreation in different universities of Turkey. Qualitative data collection method via metaphors was used. When metaphors are used to "describe", a situation, event and phenomenon are described as they exist (Yıldırım and Şimşek, 2013). Data from the study were collected by using a semi-structured metaphor form via survey online. The raw data obtained from the study were examined, incomplete or inexpedient ones were excluded and metaphors were modeled by transferring them to the Nvivo 10 program.As a result of the data obtained, the academicians working in the field of recreation use such concepts as escape, star, giant, happiness, music box, spring air, freedom, traveler, broken chain ring, octopus, life, Aladdin and the magic lamp, sun, a colorful cake with mixed fruit, work potential, a multi-purpose field or saloon, funfair, umbrella, flying carpet, human, Aegean sea, sea, rainbow, water, living, forest, fishing tackle, bridge, time, wind, chameleon, seasons, breath, science, nature and spice while describing the concept of recreation metaphorically. The data obtained after the interviews were then coded under the appropriate themes after being analyzed with the content analysis method. According to the data obtained, it has been found that it has been gathered under 5 (five) themes as "As a Value for Individual and Society", "Serving Needs", "Social Reputation", "Recreate" and "Self- realization". In conclusion, it is observed that the metaphors obtained comply with the recreation theories regarding the metaphorical perceptions of the academicians working in the field of recreation about the “recreation” concept. In order to better understand the concept of recreation, it is recommended to take evaluation results in practical activities.
Technical and Tactical Discriminatory Factors Between Winners and Defeated Elite Karate Athletes
Authors: Tabben Montassar , Conte Daniele , Haddad Monoem , Chamari Karim
Published: October 2018

Purpose: To assess the technical and tactical demands of elite karate athletes in relation to 3 match sequences (ie, advantage, disadvantage, and drawing) and match outcome (ie, win/defeat). Methods: One hundred twenty elite seniors’ (60 men and 60 women) World Karate Federation combats were analyzed during 2 World Championships (2012 and 2014). Specific karate attributes (strategy, technique, tactic, target, and effectiveness) were evaluated and classified into 3 sequences: advantage, disadvantage, and drawing. Results: Karatekas performed more combination techniques in disadvantage sequences than in drawing sequences (P = .011). A higher number of timed-attack actions were reported during advantage sequences than during drawing sequences (P = .048). Winners of the whole combat had higher lower-limb technique rate (1.0 [0.9] vs 0.1 [0.3]; P = .044) and less rate of timed attack (0.3 [0.5] vs 0.6 [1.0]; P = .030) than defeated karatekas during advantage and drawing sequences, respectively. Conclusions: Winners used higher lower-limb technique and less timed-attack rates than defeated karatekas in advantage and drawing sequences, respectively. Indeed, using lower-limb technique during advantageous situations could be a powerful strategy to increase the lead. Therefore, it seems fundamental for coaches of top elite karatekas to put their athletes in simulated situations and push them to increase their use of lower-limb techniques.
Pharmacokinetics of cefetamet in plasma and skin blister fluid
Authors: Zimmerli W , Sansano S , Wittke B
Published: October 2018

Cefetamet pivoxil is an oral cephalosporin with enhanced affinity for the target penicillin-binding proteins 1 and 3 and an increased stability to beta-lactamases compared with older cephalosporins, such as cefalexin or cefaclor. The pharmacokinetics of cefetamet pivoxil was determined after the seventh and final dose of 500 mg of cefetamet pivoxil in eight healthy volunteers. Concentrations in plasma and cantharidin-induced skin blister fluid were determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography method. In addition, protein binding was assessed. Cmax was 4.8 +/- 1.7 micrograms/ml in skin blister fluid and 5.1 +/- 2.1 micrograms/ml in plasma. Tmax was delayed in skin blister fluid compared with plasma (3.9 +/- 1 versus 2.8 +/- 0.8 h; P < 0.001), and t1/2 was longer in skin blister fluid than in plasma (3.1 +/- 0.5 versus 2.3 +/- 0.3; P < 0.005). The mean percent penetration into cantharide blister fluid was 129% +/- 24% when measured as total drug and 149% +/- 28% when measured as free drug (P < 0.001). These data suggest that cefetamet has an excellent penetration into inflammatory interstitial fluid.
Characterization of siamycin I, a human immunodeficiency virus fusion inhibitor
Authors: Lin P F , Samanta H , Bechtold C M , Deminie C A , Patick A K , Alam M , Riccardi K , Rose R E , White R J , Colonno R J
Published: October 2018

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) fusion inhibitor siamycin I, a 21-residue tricyclic peptide, was identified from a Streptomyces culture by using a cell fusion assay involving cocultivation of HeLa-CD4+ cells and monkey kidney (BSC-1) cells expressing the HIV envelope gp160. Siamycin I is effective against acute HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 infections, with 50% effective doses ranging from 0.05 to 5.7 microM, and the concentration resulting in a 50% decrease in cell viability in the absence of viral infection is 150 microM in CEM-SS cells. Siamycin I inhibits fusion between C8166 cells and CEM-SS cells chronically infected with HIV (50% effective dose of 0.08 microM) but has no effect on Sendai virus-induced fusion or murine myoblast fusion. Siamycin I does not inhibit gp120 binding to CD4 in either gp120- or CD4-based capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Inhibition of HIV-induced fusion by this compound is reversible, suggesting that siamycin I binds noncovalently. An HIV-1 resistant variant was selected by in vitro passage of virus in the presence of increasing concentrations of siamycin I. Drug susceptibility studies on a chimeric virus containing the envelope gene from the siamycin I-resistant variant indicate that resistance maps to the gp160 gene. Envelope-deficient HIV complemented with gp160 from siamycin I-resistant HIV also displayed a resistant phenotype upon infection of HeLa-CD4-LTR-beta-gal cells. A comparison of the DNA sequences of the envelope genes from the resistant and parent viruses revealed a total of six amino acid changes. Together these results indicate that siamycin I interacts with the HIV envelope protein.
Ex vivo antibacterial properties of rufloxacin compared with those of norfloxacin in a study with healthy volunteers
Authors: Aguilar L , Balcabao I P , Salvá P , Martín M , Costa J , Prieto J , Dal-ré R
Published: October 2018

Twelve adult males participated in a randomized crossover phase I clinical trial comparing serum bactericidal titers (SBTs), urine bactericidal titers (UBTs), and urine killing rates (UKRs) against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, after the administration of single 400-mg doses of rufloxacin and norfloxacin at different times up to 72 h postdose. SBTs were significantly higher (P < 0.05) against E. coli from 8 to 48 h and against S. aureus from 4 to 24 h with rufloxacin. UBTs for E. coli were higher (P < 0.05) for norfloxacin at early sample times (0 to 8 h) but higher for rufloxacin (P < 0.05) at sample times from 16 h on for both E. coli and S. aureus. Similar UKRs were obtained for both quinolones for 0 to 2 h and 8 to 12 h, but the UKR was maintained for 72 h with rufloxacin. The high and sustained mean levels of rufloxacin in urine (> 35 micrograms/ml), median UBTs (> 32 for E. coli and 16 for S. aureus) and UKRs for E. coli suggest prolonged urine antibacterial activity (for at least 72 h) and its use as a single 400-mg dose in the treatment of uncomplicated cystitis.
Characterization of the plasmidic beta-lactamase CMY-2, which is responsible for cephamycin resistance
Authors: Bauernfeind A , Stemplinger I , Jungwirth R , Giamarellou H
Published: October 2018

The phenotype of Klebsiella pneumoniae HEL-1 indicates a plasmidic cephamycinase gene (blaCMY-2). Its sequence shows one open reading frame coding for a protein of 381 amino acids. CMY-2 is classified as class C beta-lactamase that is closely related to the plasmidic enzymes BIL-1 and LAT-1 and the chromosomal AmpC of Citrobacter freundii. The blaCMY-2 gene possibly was translocated onto a plasmid of C. freundii which spread to K. pneumoniae.
Mechanism of selective inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus by ingenol triacetate
Authors: Fujiwara M , Ijichi K , Tokuhisa K , Katsuura K , Shigeta S , Konno K , Wang G Y , Uemura D , Yokota T , Baba M
Published: October 2018

Ingenol 3,5,20-triacetate (ITA), one of the ingenol derivatives, is a selective inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in vitro. ITA inhibited the replication of HIV strains in MT-4 cells at concentrations of 0.051 to 0.65 microM. This concentration was approximately 10(3)-fold lower than its cytotoxic threshold. The mechanism of action of ITA is primarily attributed to the inhibition of viral adsorption to the host cells, but it is distinct from the mechanism of inhibition by other adsorption inhibitors.