bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dysbiosis-NK Cell Crosstalk in Pancreatic Cancer: Toward a Unified Biomarker Signature for Improved Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Fanijavadi Sara , Jensen Lars Henrik
Published: December 2024

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis, primarily due to its immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which contributes to treatment resistance. Recent research shows that the microbiome plays a key role in PDAC development, with microbial imbalances (dysbiosis) promoting inflammation, cancer progression, therapy resistance, and treatment side effects. Microbial metabolites can also affect immune cells, especially natural killer (NK) cells, which are vital for tumor surveillance, therapy response and treatment-related side effects. Dysbiosis can affect NK cell function, leading to resistance and side effects. We propose that a combined biomarker approach, integrating microbiome composition and NK cell profiles, can help predict treatment resistance and side effects, enabling more per-sonalized therapies. This review examines how dysbiosis contributes to NK cell dysfunction in PDAC and discusses strategies (e.g., antibiotics, probiotics, vaccines) to modulate the microbiome and enhance NK cell function. Targeting dysbiosis could modulate NK cell activity, improve the effectiveness of PDAC treatments, and reduce side effects. However, further research is needed to develop unified NK cell-microbiome interaction-based biomarkers for more precise and effective patient outcomes.
Enzymatic Oxidants, Antioxidants, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Esworthy R. Steven
Published: December 2024

The role of oxidants and antioxidants in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been actively explored since the early 198Os, starting with the role of the respiratory burst of neutrophils and ischemia in bowel pathology. Since that time the enzymatic components contributing to the pool of reactive oxygen species including , superoxide, H2O2 and lipid hydroperoxides and the counteracting antioxidants, catalase, glutathione peroxidases (GPX), peroxiredoxins (PRDX), superoxide dismutases and others have been fleshed out. My perspective on IBD is from the role of the balance or imbalance of enzymatic oxidant sources and enzymatic antioxidants in the inflammatory process. I will present evidence on the involvement of oxidant and antioxidant processes in IBD, based as much as possible, on my experiences with GPXs. This will be about both the immune system and local bowel oxidant and antioxidant systems. As GPXs are generally selenium-dependent, possible deficiencies in selenium uptake in active IBD and the impact on GPX expression is explored. The more recently introduced ferroptosis, an iron-dependent lipid peroxidation based pathological process, will be reviewed for its possible involvement in IBD.
Understanding the Interplay Between Cow Welfare and Udder Health in Nigerian Dairy Industry: Lessons for other Developing Economies
Authors: Shittu Aminu , Daneji Aminu Ibrahim , Chafe Umar Mohammed , Abubakar Mikaeel Bala , Fasina Folorunso Oludayo , Amato Benedetta , Jibril Abdurrahman Hassan , Idris Ibrahim , Ibrahim Ishaq , Lawal Nafiu , Jibril Aliyu , Baraya Yusha’u Shu’aibu , Onyango Joshua
Published: December 2024

Subclinical mastitis (SCM) represents a pervasive challenge in dairy farming, particularly in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs), where its detection and management remain inadequate. The condition, often undetectable without diagnostic tools, compromises milk quality, reduces yields, and imposes significant economic and public health burdens. This review explores key strategies to address SCM by evaluating three diagnostic techniques – California Mastitis Test (CMT), White Side Test (WST), and Draminski Mastitis Detector (DMD) – which are accessible and effective in identifying early-stage infections. Beyond diagnostics, the review delves into the microbiological analysis of bacterial pathogens associated with udder infections and histopathological investigations to identify microscopic tissue changes. By synthesizing these approaches, the review offers a perspective on udder health and its implications for cow welfare and dairy productivity. Although focused on Nigeria, where data on udder health and cow welfare are limited, the findings highlight broader lessons for LMICs with similar challenges. This review emphasizes the importance of integrating early detection, targeted interventions, and evidence-based management to mitigate the impact of SCM, improve cow welfare, and enhance dairy sector sustainability. The recommendations aim to benefit farmers, veterinarians, researchers, and policymakers committed to advancing the productivity and resilience of the dairy industry.
A Window to New Insights on Progression Independent of Relapse Activity in Multiple Sclerosis: Role of Therapies and Current Perspective
Authors: Guerra Tommaso , Iaffaldano Pietro
Published: December 2024

In multiple sclerosis (MS), there is significant evidence indicating that both progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) and relapse-related worsening events contribute to the accumulation of progressive disability from the onset of the disease and throughout its course. Understanding the compartmentalized pathophysiology in MS would enhance comprehension of disease progression mechanisms, overcoming the traditional distinction in phenotypes. Smoldering MS activity is thought to be maintained by a continuous interaction between the parenchymal chronic processes of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration and the intrathecal compartment. This review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the neuropathological and immunological evidence related to the mechanisms underlying PIRA phenomena in MS, with a focus on studies investigating the impact of currently available therapies on these complex mechanisms.
Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with the Presence of Antibiotic Residues in Milk from Peri-urban Dairy Cattle Farms of Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Rame Hau Erda Eni , Sharma Minu , Khanal Bal Kumari Sharma , Sly Peter D. , Mikkelsen Deirdre , Clark Nicholas , Soares Magalhães Ricardo J.
Published: December 2024

The presence of antibiotic residues (AR) in animal products such as milk can be an important driver of antimicrobial resistance in commensal and pathogenic bacteria. Previous studies on ARs in Nepal have demonstrated the presence of ARs in milk samples but without further characterization of the samples for risk factor analysis. This study aimed to quantify the prevalence and risk factors for the presence of ARs in 140 peri-urban dairy farms in Kathmandu, Nepal, included in a cross-sectional survey in 2019, to estimate farm-level AR prevalence. High-performance liquid chromatography was conducted on farm bulk milk samples for AR analysis, revealed positive Additionally, a structured questionnaire and direct farmer interviews were used to collect data on farm biosecurity and farming practices, animal health and hygiene, antimicrobial usage (AMU), and attitudes and practices towards antimicrobial stewardship. Our results revealed the presence of ARs for sulfamethazine (61%), sulfamethoxazole (53%), ciprofloxacin (46%), and enrofloxacin (42%). Furthermore, of those samples positive for sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, and ciprofloxacin, 81%, 42%, and 42%, respectively, exceeded the MRL. While samples taken from farms where staff administered antimicrobials were less likely to have single residues and multidrug residues (2, 3, and 4 residues), farms with more workers were more likely to have single residues. Moreover, samples from farms with a higher number of calves and milking cows were more likely to contain single and multiple residues exceeding the maximum residue limit (MRL), while milk from farms with a higher number of dry cows and farmers reported visiting chemist were less likely to have multidrug residue exceeding MRL. Ultimately, this study provides evidence on the role of modifiable ARs risk factors in the peri-urban milk industry of Kathmandu, which can serve as a foundation for developing improved antimicrobial stewardship guidelines, and designing intervention measures, to reduce the public health risk posed by ARs in milk sold in Kathmandu, Nepal.
Comparison of Intraoperative and Short-Term Postoperative Outcomes Between Stand-Alone ALIF, 360° ALIF, and Arthroplasty in Patients with Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Rubens Dias Pereira Filho Aécio , Sad Pasetti Emanuelle , Galvão Valadares Bertolini Mussalem Matheus , Santos Baptista Vinicius , Dib Gomes Izabela , Cialdine Frota Carneiro Júnior Francisco , Vinhal Desideri Alexandre , Kiyonory Uehara Milton , Rodolfo Colaço Aguiar Nuno , Cristiano Baston Arthur , de Meldau Benites Vinicius
Published: December 2024

Introduction: To compare intraoperative and short-term postoperative outcomes of patients with recurrent lumbar disc herniation undergoing ALIF Stand-Alone, ALIF 360°, or Arthroplasty. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single center from August 2019 to January 2024. Inclusion criteria included patients over 18 years diagnosed with recurrent lumbar disc herniation undergoing ALIF Stand-Alone, ALIF 360°, or Arthroplasty. Exclusion criteria were incomplete data or other indications. Data collected included demographics, surgical specifics (procedure type, operated levels, graft type, incision type), and clinical outcomes (intraoperative morbidity and short-term postoperative outcomes). Results: Sixty-five patients were evaluated. No intraoperative complications occurred in any group. Average operative times were 165.8 ± 61.72 minutes for ALIF Stand-Alone, 236.25 ± 46.3 minutes for ALIF 360°, and 98.43 ± 45 minutes for Arthroplasty (p < 0.0001). The average postoperative hospital stay was 2.46 ± 1.14 days, with no significant difference between groups (p = 0.515). Postoperative complications were minimal: one surgical site infection in the ALIF Stand-Alone group (p = 0.444) and four instances of sympathetic changes (p = 0.477). Conclusion: There was no significant difference in intraoperative morbidity, short-term postoperative outcomes, or length of stay among the three groups. All techniques demonstrated good results with low morbidity and short hospitalization times post-procedure, suggesting that the choice of technique should be based on the surgeon's experience and the patient's condition and preferences.
Historicizing Natural Hazards and Human-Induced Landscape Transformation in a Tropical Mountainous Environment in Africa: Narratives from Elderly Citizens
Authors: Kanyiginya Violet , Twongyirwe Ronald , Mubiru David , Michellier Caroline , Ashepet Mercy Gloria , Kagoro-Rugunda Grace , Kervyn Matthieu , Dewitte Olivier
Published: December 2024

Studying natural hazards in the context of human-induced landscape transformation is complex, especially in regions with limited information. Elderly narratives can play a role in filling these knowledge gaps at the multi-decadal timescale. Here, we build upon a citizen-based elderly approach to understand natural hazard patterns and landscape transformation in a tropical mountainous environment, the Kigezi highlands (Uganda). We engaged 98 elderly citizens (70 years old and above) living in eight small watersheds with contrasting characteristics. Through interviews and focus group discussions, we reconstructed historical timelines and used participatory mapping to facilitate the interview process. We cross-checked the information of the elderly citizens with historical photographs, archives and field visits. Our results show that major land use/cover changes are associated with a high population increase over the last 80 years. We also evidence an increase in reported natural hazard events such as landslides and flash floods from the 1940’s until the 1980’s. Then, we notice a stabilization in the number of hazard events per decade, although the two most impacted decades (1980’s and 2000’s) stand out. Despite this new information, an increase of natural hazard frequency due to land use/cover change cannot yet be quantitatively validated, especially when the probable modulator effect of climate variability is considered. Nevertheless, the increase in exposure of vulnerable population to natural hazards is clear, and population growth together with poor landscape management practices are key culprits to explain this evolution. This study demonstrates the added value of historical narratives to understand natural hazards in the context of environmental changes.
Functional and Structural Changes in the Inner Ear and Cochlear Hair Cell Loss Induced by Hypergravity
Authors: Choi Jin Sil , Kim Kyu-Sung , Kim Hyun Ji
Published: December 2024

Gravitational changes have been shown to cause significant abnormalities in various body systems, including the cardiovascular, immune, vestibular, and musculoskeletal systems. While numerous studies have examined the response of the vestibular system to gravitational stimulation, research on functional changes in the peripheral inner ear remains limited. The inner ear comprises two closely related structures: the vestibule and cochlea. These components share similar structures and neural functions, highlighting the importance of investigating changes in auditory nerve cells in response to gravitational alterations. To address this gap, we studied the functional and structural changes in the inner ear following exposure to hypergravity stimuli. Our findings demonstrate changes in Auditory Brainstem Responses (ABRs) in the cochlea. ABR recordings were used to analyze click thresholds, as well as amplitude and latency of tone bursts. The click thresholds at all frequencies increased in the group exposed to hypergravity in the long-term. Additionally, tone burst results revealed significantly reduced amplitudes at high frequencies and delayed latencies in the hypergravity models. Notably, greater hair cell loss was observed in the middle and basal turns of the cochlea, indicating that mid and high-frequency regions are more vulnerable to hypergravity stimulation. Furthermore, nerve damage on the cochlear surface was evident in subjects exposed to 4G stimulation for 4 weeks. These findings suggest that the inner ear and its neural activity can be functionally and structurally affected by prolonged exposure to hypergravity.
Does Agricultural Environmental Regulation Improve Green Production Efficiency of Cotton?
Authors: Zhao Xiaodi , WU QINGJUN , Sun Yue
Published: December 2024

Based on the panel data of 12 major cotton-producing provinces in China from 2000 to 2021, the green total factor productivity of cotton is calculated and decomposed by super efficiency EBM-GML index. On this basis, FGLS model is used to analyze the impact of environmental regulation on cotton GTFP and its mechanism. The results show that: First, the cotton GTFP in China has been rising in the undulation during the sample period, with an annual rate of 1.5%, and it is mainly driven by the green technology progress, with the deterioration of scale efficiency the main restricting factor. Secondly, agricultural environmental regulation contributes to improve the cotton GTFP. With the strengthening of environmental regulation, government increases the agricultural scientific research investments, which stimulates the innovation and improves the green production efficiency of cotton. Thirdly, there is a nonlinear reversed U-shaped relationship between agricultural environmental regulation and the cotton’s GTFP. Since the intensity of environmental regulation in each major cotton-producing province in China has not hit the optimal value yet, we recommend local governments to institute flexible environmental regulation policies that adapt more closely to each region to promote the green development of cotton industry.
Transmembrane Protein-184A Interacts with Syndecan-4 and Rab GTPases and Is Required to Maintain VE-Cadherin Levels
Authors: Altenburg Leanna M , Wang Stephanie H , Ciabattoni Grace O , Kennedy Amelia , O'Toole Rachel L , Farwell Sara L N , Iovine M Kathryn , Lowe-Krentz Linda J.
Published: December 2024

VE-cadherin (VE-cad) membrane stability and localization regulates adhesion formation and actin cytoskeleton dynamics in angiogenesis and vascular remodeling and requires the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, Syndecan-4 (Sdc4). This study characterizes the interactions of the heparin receptor, Transmembrane protein-184A (TMEM184A), and Sdc4 in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAOECs) and the regenerating Zebrafish (ZF) caudal fin and measures the effect of siRNA TMEM184A KD (siTMEM) and TMEM184A overexpression (TMEM OE) on VE-cad levels and localization in confluent and sub-confluent cultured BAOECs. Additionally, we examined the effect of siTMEM on key Rab GTPase trafficking regulators and migrating BAOECs in scratch wound healing assays. We demonstrated that TMEM184A and Sdc4 colocalize in BAOECs and that Sdc4 pulls down TMEM184A in cell lysate, while both Tmem184a and Sdc4 cooperate synergistically in ZF fin angiogenic and tissue repair. We also showed that siTMEM decreases VE-cad membrane and cytoplasmic levels, while increasing scratch wound migration rates. Whereas TMEM OE cells show increased vesicle formation and VE-cad trafficking and membrane recovery. These findings characterize TMEM184A-Sdc4 cooperation in angiogenesis and indicate a dual function of TMEM184A in signaling and trafficking in vascular cells that promotes VE-cad recovery and membrane localization.
From Old Regime Portugal to Contemporary Brazil: Patrimonial Legacies, Aristocratic Mentalities, and the Delayed Pursuit of Scientific Advancement
Authors: Montgomery Richard Murdoch
Published: December 2024

This article examines the insights of Portuguese historian Vitorino Magalhães Godinho regarding the extraordinary 18th-century concentration of wealth and land in Portugal’s Catholic Church and nobility—estimated at around 95%—and how these arrangements shaped enduring mentalities. Such structures, grounded in aristocratic privilege and clerical power, discouraged the valuation of labor and marginalized merit-based advancement. We explore how these historical patterns were transferred to Brazil, creating a persistent environment of patrimonialism, public-office impunity, and the devaluation of intellectual and scientific labor. Drawing on Godinho’s works and comparative perspectives from other contexts, as well as data on contemporary Brazilian wealth distribution, corruption cases, and structural inefficiencies in research and development, we argue that these historically ingrained mentalities have hindered Brazil’s scientific and technological progress. Through a discussion of counter-trends and reforms, we highlight potential avenues for transforming these legacies. Ultimately, we propose that recognizing and addressing the historical roots of patrimonialism is essential for fostering a culture that values productive work, upholds the rule of law, and supports scientific innovation in Brazil, a nation of over 200 million inhabitants still awaiting its first Nobel Prize in science.
Monitoring Lightning Activity Using Meteorological Parameters from Indian National Satellite (Insat) System
Authors: Goenka Rounaq , Suryavanshi Arun S , Ghosh Asish , G Sreenivasan , A O Varghese , Venkatesh Degala , Rao G Srinivasa , M Mallikarjun , Taori Alok
Published: December 2024

Atmospheric lightning is an outcome of interplay among the meteorological parameters under the influence of convective processes occurring in troposphere. Radiation, temperature and wind are the prime driving parameters of the convective phenomena. Often, the reanalysis data has been utilized to understand the precursor of the lightning occurrences. As the lightning is a disaster where nowcasting is important, for operational utilization, it is deemed to utilize space-borne near real-time measurements. The present study investigates the utilization of existing near real-time Indian remote sensing Satellite data to identify the signatures of of the lightning occurrences. Results reveal a lead-time of about 2.5 hours can be achieved when these precursors are used for lightning occurrences. The study provides first step into the prediction of the lightning occurrences over India using the Indian remote sensing geostationary satellite.
Cellular Functions of Vitamin D-Binding Protein
Authors: Fraser David , Mason Rebecca
Published: December 2024

The classical roles of plasma vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) are the transport of vitamin D and its metabolites in blood, as well as because of its actin-binding affinity, the removal of any actin that escapes into the circulation when cells are damaged or destroyed. It is also apparent that DBP has functions related to the activity of lymphoid cells that are independent of its role as a vehicle for delivering vitamin D metabolites around the body. A separate major function of DBP was revealed with the discovery of the endocytic activity of cell membrane proteins megalin and cubilin, in internalizing DBP into cells in a number of different organs, particularly the kidney and skeletal muscle. Within a cell, DBP binds specifically to cytoplasmic actin filaments. Because most DBP in plasma is in the apo-configuration, that which binds to actin within specific cells, provides an array of empty binding sites that enable free 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), that diffuses into those cells, to be retained on the DBP-actin structure. The retention of 25(OH)D diffusing into proximal tubule cells provides the substrate, after DBP proteolysis, for the 1-hydroxylase which generates the vitamin D hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D). In skeletal muscle cells, the 25(OH)D that accumulates on the internalized DBP-actin complex, diffuses back to the circulation when that DBP undergoes proteolysis. This diffusion of 25(OH)D into and out of skeletal muscle cells, mediated by the internalized apo-DBP mechanism, accounts for the long half-life of 25(OH)D in the circulation and the role this process plays in maintaining vitamin D status.
New Solutions to an Old Problem: How to Magnetically Protect Astronauts from Cosmic Radiation
Authors: Parisi Valerio , Capuzzo Dolcetta Roberto , Frezza Fabrizio , Lunati Luca
Published: December 2024

We present preliminary work leading to feasibility study for the construction of a shield of a space probe to cosmic radiation as based on magnetic deviation by mean of neodymium permanent magnets. The choice of permanent magnets is the main novelty of our project. The first aim is to protect the health of astronauts inhabiting the space probe by the almost unidirectional ‘wind’ of charged particles emitted by the Sun. To reach this aim we will exploit an extensive theoretical and simulation work after which we will create a prototype to be tested on earth and, later, mounted on cube sats to test in space.
Variations in Sedimentation Rate and Corresponding Adjustments of Longitudinal Gradient in the Cascade Reservoirs of the lower Jinsha River
Authors: Wang Suiji
Published: December 2024

There has been relatively comprehensive research on reservoir sedimentation and the resulting longitudinal profile adjustment. However, the research on the impact of the coordinated changes of sedimentation in cascade reservoirs on the sedimentation pattern in the reservoirs and the adjustment of river channel morphology is still insufficient, and thus it is a scientific problem worthy of exploration. This study selected Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu, the two cascade reservoirs in the lower Jinsha River, as the research objects. Based on the observed data of thalweg elevation in the reservoirs for multiple measurement times before and after the dam closure, the local mean gradient, as well as the regional mean gradient, were calculated. The temporal and spatial changes of the sedimentation rate in the above-mentioned reservoir and the response characteristics of the longitudinal gradient were analyzed. The following main results were obtained: Compared with the long-term erosive state of the river section in the reservoirs before the dam closure, the sedimentation rate in the Xiangjiaba reservoir increased significantly in the early stage after dam closure and showed a trend of decreasing along the course. After that, it decreased obviously but without an obvious changing trend. The average sedimentation rate in the Xiluodu reservoir showed the largest value in the middle section and decreased towards the upstream and downstream, with spatial heterogeneity. The local mean gradient differed between the reservoirs. In the Xiangjiaba reservoir, it decreased slightly in the upstream section in the early stage of dam construction and then fluctuated slightly. After the dam closure in the Xiluodu reservoir, it decreased obviously in the upstream section and increased obviously in the downstream section, with a spatial heterogeneity of increasing along the course. The width-depth ratio of the river channel changed very little in the Xiangjiaba reservoir and increased somewhat in the Xiluodu reservoir. The magnitude and longitudinal heterogeneity of the sedimentation rate in the reservoir are related to the amount of sediment deposition and the sedimentation pattern, and the differences between the reservoirs are related to the location of the dam and the closure time of the dam. The adjustment of the longitudinal gradient and width-depth ratio of cross-sections depends on the magnitude of the sedimentation rate and its longitudinal distribution pattern.
Partial Heart Transplantation Can Provide a Pulsatile and Growing Fontan Conduit: A Rightward Shift for a Better Fontan
Authors: Turbendian Harma , Rajab Taufiek Konrad
Published: December 2024

The total cavopulmonary connection, more commonly known as the Fontan-Kreutzer procedure, is the final surgical step in the palliation of single ventricle congenital heart defects. The overwhelming success of the Fontan procedure has resulted in a worldwide population of 50,000 to 70,000 patients with a Fontan procedure. However, the resultant Fontan physiology, characterized by parallel systemic and pulmonary circuits, inevitably results in fatal long-term complications as a result of passive, nonpulsatile pulmonary blood flow, inefficient hemodynamics, and static conduit size which are inherent to the Fontan. Partial heart transplantation has dramatically altered the landscape of congenital heart surgery by providing a source of semilunar valve implants with the potential for growth and self-repair. Here we hypothesize that partial heart transplantation can also provide an ideal Fontan conduit characterized by pulsatility, growth potential, low thrombogenicity, and optimal flow dynamics.
Spatial Distribution of Leishmania spp. in Dogs of Urban Area of Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Alves Graziella Borges , Seva Anaia Paixão , Rodas Lilian Colebrusco , Nakamura Alex Akira , Nagata Walter Bertequini , de Oliveira Talita Carolina Bragança , Reginaldo Gisele Moraes dos Santos , de Francisco Larianne Maria Belloto , Nodari Nicole Alessandra , Neto João Alfredo Biagi Camargo , Pinto Michel dos Santos , Kersul Maíra Guimarães , Bresciani Katia Denise Saraiva
Published: December 2024

This study was carried out to investigate the spatial distribution of dogs infected with Leishmania spp. through serological tests, as well as to compare it with the vector density in the urban region of Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. A total of 131 domestic dogs were serologically examined using the Dual Path Platform (DPP) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of Leishmania spp. Information about the peridomiciliary environment was recorded in the investigation forms. Entomological collections were also performed in March 2018. Antibodies to this protozoan were detected in 27 (20.61%) dogs using DPP, with serological confirmation in 11 (40.74%) using ELISA. Seropositive dogs were found mainly in the northern region, and none were found in the center of the city. The density of vectors per area was not related to the presence of these dogs. This study was carried out in Araçatuba, SP, an endemic region for Leishmania spp., and may contribute to epidemiological surveillance through diagnostic investigation in canines, as well as the densities of phlebotomine sandflies. Spatial analysis using the tests recommended by the Ministry of Health for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis was performed for the first time in the urban region of Araçatuba, SP.
The Discrepancy Between the Expansion of the Universe, Distances in the Solar System, and the Age of the Milky Way
Authors: Šorli Srecko
Published: December 2024

The age and the diameter of the galaxy Milky Way are confirmed by precise astronomical observations. The universal space expansion is calculated per parsec. The calculation taking into account the expansion of the universal space confirms that since the formation of the Solar system, the distance between the Sun and Neptune should increase by 1.531.438.809.644.816.600 km. Today distance between the Sun and Neptune is 340100 times smaller. The calculation taking into account the expansion of the universal space confirms that the velocity of space expansion on the Milky Way's diameter is 44.626.400 . This would mean that the Milky Way diameter grows in one year by 1.408.302.080.640.000 km. Dividing today’s measured diameter of the galaxy by the length of the annual growth of the diameter, we get the time when the diameter of Milky Way was zero. This should be before 1.34 · year. The discrepancy with the existing Milky Way age years is on a scale . Expansion of the universe needs re-evaluation.
Open-Loop Control of a Gimbal-less, Biaxial, Quasistatic MEMS Micro Mirror with Piezoelectric AlScN Actuators
Authors: Laske Norman , Raschdorf Paul , Yarar Erdem , Gu-Stoppel Shanshan
Published: December 2024

Biaxial quasistatic MEMS micro mirrors can be used in vector scanning applications to arbitrarily direct a laser beam towards a target in a step-and-settle operating mode, or to follow a setpoint signal in a tracking mode. However, MEMS structures are typically underdamped mass-spring systems - any transient excitation results in a slowly decaying oscillation. Actuators based on sputtered AlScN allow for computationally efficient open-loop control due to the inherently linear piezoelectric properties of the material over a wide operating range. We demonstrate this using a real-time tunable digital filter design based on the inversion of a second order transfer function. This approach effectively reduces the decay time to the millisecond range.
Microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana as a Sustainable Source of Bioactive Peptides: A Proteomic and In Silico Approach
Authors: Paterson Samuel , Alonso-Pintre Laura , Morato-López Esperanza , González de la Fuente Sandra , Gómez-Cortés Pilar , Hernández-Ledesma Blanca
Published: December 2024

The impact of the world’s growing population on food systems and the role of dietary patterns in the managing of non-communicable diseases underscore the need to explore sustainable and dietary protein sources. Although microalgae have stood out as alternative sources of proteins and bioactive peptides, some species such as Nannochloropsis gaditana remain unexplored. This study aimed to characterize N. gaditana’s proteome and evaluate its potential as a source of bioactive by using an in silico approach. A total of 1955 proteins were identified and classified into functional groups of cellular component, molecular function, and biological process. In silico gastrointestinal digestion of identified proteins demonstrated that 202 hydrophobic and low molecular size-peptides with potential bioactivity were released. Of them, 27 exhibited theorical antioxidant, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, and/or antimicrobial activities. Seven of 27 peptide showed ≥20% intestinal absorption, suggesting potential systemic effects, while the rest could act at local level. Molecular docking demonstrated strong affinities with key enzymes such as MPO, ACE, and DPPIV. Resistance to the digestion, capacity to be absorbed and multifunctionality were demonstrated for peptide FIPGL. This study highlights N. gaditana's potential as a sustainable source of novel potential bioactive peptides with promising local and systemic biological effects.
Experimental Identification of the Characteristic Curves of a Supersonic Vacuum Ejector and Analytical Prediction of the Total Evacuation Time
Authors: Macia Llorenc , Castilla Robert , Raush Gustavo , Gamez-Montero Pedro Javier
Published: December 2024

Supersonic vacuum generators, or ejectors, operate pneumatically to extract air from a tank for industrial applications. A key performance metric for ejectors is the Total Evacuation Time (TET), which measures the time required to reach minimum pressure. This research predicts TET using analytical models that rely on two key metrics: the characteristic curve, relating absorbed flow rate to the working pressure, and the polytropic curve, which describes the evolution of the polytropic coefficient across working pressures. Accurately capturing both curves for subsequent fitting to polynomial curves, is crucial for forecasting TET. Several experimental setups were employed to capture the curves, each of which refined the data and improved the quality of the polynomial fits and coefficients. Multiple setups were necessary to pinpoint the break point, from supersonic to subsonic operation mode, which is a critical factor that affects the characteristic curve and the TET. Furthermore, the research shows an improvement in the TET forecasts for each setup with deviations between experimental and predicted TET ranging from 7.6 % (14.5 s}) to a 1.4 % (2.6 s) in the most precise setup. Once the models were validated, a new ejector obtained through CFD simulations, extracted from an authors previous article, was tested. It revealed a 4 % improvement (8 s}) in the TET. These results highlight the importance of the mathematical models developed, which can be used in the future to compare ejectors and reduce the need for experimental data.
Application of Computer Vision Technology in Intelligent Transportation Systems
Authors: Yang Qin
Published: December 2024

With the acceleration of urbanization, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have become vital for addressing urban traffic congestion, enhancing road safety, and optimizing traffic management. As an advanced image processing and analysis technology, computer vision has been widely applied in various aspects of ITS, including traffic monitoring, autonomous driving, violation detection, and intelligent parking management. This paper explores the fundamental principles and technologies of computer vision, analyzes its typical application scenarios in ITS, and, through practical cases, demonstrates the advantages and challenges of this technology in improving traffic flow, enhancing road safety, and automating traffic management. Finally, this paper forecasts the future development of computer vision in ITS and highlights the technical bottlenecks and data privacy issues it faces.
Analysis of Meteorological Anomalies in Kamchatka in Connection with the Seismic Process
Authors: Lyubushin Alexey , Kopylova Galina , Rodionov Eugeny , Serafimova Yulia
Published: December 2024

The hypothesis of occurrence of meteorological anomalies before earthquakes is investigated. Long-term time series of observations for air temperature, atmospheric pressure and precipitation at the meteorological station on Kamchatka are considered. Time series are subjected to Huang decomposition into sequences of levels of empirical oscillation modes (intrinsic mode functions - IMF) forming a set of orthogonal components with increasing average frequency. For each IMF level, instantaneous amplitudes of the envelopes are calculated using the Hilbert transform. Comparison with the earthquake sequence is made using a parametric model of the intensity of two interacting point processes, which allows one to quantitatively estimate the "measure of the lead" of the time instants of the compared sequences. For each IMF level the number of time moments of the largest local maxima of instantaneous amplitudes which is equal to the number of earthquakes was selected. As a result of the analysis, it turned out that for the 6th IMF level (periods of 8-16 days), the "lead measure" of the instantaneous amplitude maxima of meteorological parameters in comparison with earthquake time moments significantly exceeds the inverse lead, which confirms the existence of prognostic changes in meteorological parameters in the problem of the "atmosphere-lithosphere" interaction.
Lifestyle Medicine in the Prevention and Treatment of MASLD
Authors: Rajewski Paweł , Cieściński Jakub , Rajewski Piotr , Suwała Szymon , Rajewska Alicja , Potasz Maciej
Published: December 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and affects nearly 30% of the adult population and 10% of the paediatric population. It is estimated that this number will double by 2030. MASLD is one of the leading causes of hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis and liver transplantation, as well as a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease - heart attack or stroke being the leading cause of death in this group of patients. Due to the ever-increasing number of patients, the long-term asymptomatic course of the disease, serious complications and lack of preventive programmes, as well as insufficient awareness of the disease among patients and doctors themselves, MASLD is a growing interdisciplinary problem and a real challenge for modern medicine. The main cause of MASLD is an inappropriate lifestyle - inadequate nutrition and too little physical activity, which lead to metabolic disorders - overweight and obesity, pre-diabetes and diabetes, hypertension, lipid disorders. Lifestyle changes - appropriate, diet, weight reduction and systematic physical activity - are also the basis for the prevention and treatment of MASLD. Hence, in recent years, so much importance has been attached to lifestyle medicine, to non-pharmacological treatment as prevention of lifestyle diseases. This paper presents methods of non-pharmacological management in the prevention and treatment of MASLD.
MicroRNAs’ Impact on Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Cordeiro Marco Antonio , de Carvalho Ana Elisa TS , Spadari Regina Celia
Published: December 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most prevalent cause of global mortality, highlight-ing the importance of understanding their molecular bases. Recently, small non-coding RNAs (miR-NAS) were shown to affect messenger RNA (mRNA) stability, either by inhibiting translation or by causing degradation through base pairing with mRNAs, being negative regulators of protein transla-tion. Moreover, miRNAs modulate many signaling pathways and cellular processes, including cell-to-cell communication. In the cardiovascular system, miRNAs control functions in cardiomyo-cytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. Because miRNA expression was detected in the blood of patients with various cardiovascular diseases, they are considered attractive candidates for noninvasive biomarkers. This study reviews the literature on the role played by miRNAs in CVDs. The findings suggest that miRNA regulation may offer new perspectives for therapeutic interventions in heart diseases.
The Validation of the Tanner-Whitehouse 3 (TW3) Method for Radiological Bone Assessments in a Pediatric Population from the Canary Islands
Authors: Martín Pérez Sebastián Eustaquio , Martín Pérez Isidro Miguel , Molina Suárez Ruth , Vega González Jesús María , García Hernández Alfonso Miguel
Published: December 2024

Bone age assessments are critical for evaluating the growth and skeletal development of children and adolescents, influenced by factors such as genetics, ethnicity, culture, and nutrition. It is essential that clinical standards for these assessments are tailored to the specific populations being examined. This study validates the use of the TW3 (Tanner-Whitehouse 3) method for determining bone age in pediatric and adolescent populations in the Canary Islands, based on posteroanterior left-hand and wrist radiographs from 80 females and 134 males across various developmental stages. Our findings showed strong intra-rater reliability across all three raters. The Radiologist Specialist (Rater 1) and General Practitioner (Rater 2) demonstrated excellent consistency, with intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) between 0.990 and 0.996. The Medical Student (Rater 3) showed slightly lower but still robust reliability, with ICCs ranging from 0.921 to 0.976. Inter-rater agreement was high between Raters 1 and 2 but decreased between Rater 3 and the others, highlighting the impact of experience (ICCs from 0.812 to 0.912). The accuracy analysis indicated an underestimation of bone age relative to chronological age in preschool children (mean difference = 3.712 months; 95% CI: 1.290 to 6.130; p = 0.199) and school-age males (mean difference = 3.978 months; 95% CI: -12.550 to 4.590; p = 0.926), while this trend was minimal in females (mean difference = 4.110 months; 95% CI: -8.250 to 16.470; p = 0.945). Conversely, in teenagers, the TW3 method showed slight overestimation (mean difference = -0.360 months; 95% CI: -0.770 to -0.954; p = 0.299). These results underscore the TW3 method’s precision and accuracy across diverse developmental stages, suggesting that discrepancies between chronological age and estimated bone age are not significant and may reflect normal physiological variations.
Improvement of Physical Activity with Acupuncture and Kinesitherapy Versus Kinesitherapy Alone in Patients with Acute Decompensated Chronic Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction Treated with Optimal Drug Therapy, a Randomized, Sham-Procedure-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Study
Authors: Ilic Dejan , Jovic Zoran , Mladenovic Zorica , Pejovic Vesna , Lung Branislava , Kozic Aleksandra , Obradovic Slobodan
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: It is unknown how early exercise therapy combined with acupuncture (AP) affects the speed of recovery in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) who are hospitalized due to worsening HF. Methods: A prospective, sham-procedure-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trial with three patient groups was conducted. The study included patients with HFrEF who were hospitalized for worsening HF. After initial stabilization, patients were randomly assigned to three groups, the controls (C) treated with optimal drug therapy (ODT); E1 received ODT with kinesitherapy, and sham AP; E2 received ODT, kinesitherapy, and needle AP aiming to enhance compensation. Improvement in physical activity was measured by the modified Barthel index (A test), 2- or 6-minute, and endurance walking tests, and decrease of blood brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). Results: The 120 patients completed the study. The average age was 74 years, males 73.3%, median EF 32%, NYHA III had 83.3%. After the 5th day of therapy, the E2 group showed the greatest improvement in the A test compared to other groups (p=0.022). After 5 days, 80%, 50% and 10% achieved A test score of 30 or higher, demonstrating functional independence (p<0.01) in E2, E1 and C group, respectively. At hospital discharge, the E2 group showed significantly better walking endurance compared to the E1 and C groups (p<0.001). At discharge, BNP significantly decreased in both E groups. Conclusions: Short-term early rehabilitation with AP and kinesitherapy significantly improves the functional status of HFrEF decompensated patients when compared to kinesitherapy alone and ODT.
Designing a Tetravalent mRNA Vaccine for Scarlet Fever: Integrating Machine Learning and Reverse Vaccinology
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Khan Fariya , Raizada Shubhangi , Raghuvanshi C. S. , Sharan Hari Om
Published: December 2024

Scarlet fever, commonly referred to as sandpaper rash, is a prevalent infection caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes, which is part of the Group A Streptococcus (GAS) family of gram-positive cocci. This infection affects both adults and children worldwide. This study focused on designing a tetravalent modified nucleotide mRNA vaccine using machine learning and reverse vaccinology techniques. The vaccine development focuses on three critical proteins: C5a peptidase, M protein, and streptolysin O. These proteins play significant roles in the pathogenesis of Streptococcus pyogenes and are key targets for inducing a robust immune response. Methods:. Our study involved extensive profiling for potential vaccine targets, which included three types of epitopes, namely B-cell, CTL, and HTL. The process we undertook in the choice of these epitopes was based on a range of significant criteria such as the ones with high antigenicity that ensure the immune system is able to recognize and respond to the vaccine; the ones with low toxicity that would be used to reduce the side effects, and those of no allergenicity to avoid cases of allergic reactions among vaccinated individuals. To further evaluate the interactions between the identified T-cell epitopes and their corresponding human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, we employed molecular docking studies. Results: The results indicated promising binding affinities, suggesting that these epitopes are likely to elicit strong T-cell responses.Notably, the docking analysis revealed a binding energy of -818.5 kcal/mol for the peptide NTTNRHYSL with HLA-B08:01, and -776.5 kcal/mol for RTYPAALQL with HLA-A32:01. These studies provided insights into how well the epitopes bind to specific HLA molecules, which is vital for T-cell recognition and activation. Conclusion: These two peptides, exhibiting optimal binding affinity and stability, are promising candidates for advancing the development of next-generation mRNA vaccines. Further validation will be conducted through in vitro analyses to confirm their ability to elicit an immune response.
Insomnia in Shift Workers: Which Trait and State Characteristics Could Serve as Foundation for Developing an Innovative Therapeutic Approach?
Authors: Grünberger Tanja , Höhn Christopher , Schabus Manuel , Laireiter Anton-Rupert
Published: December 2024

Shift workers are at an elevated risk for insomnia relative to the general population. While recent research has yielded promising insights, there is still room for improvement in the treatment of insomnia in this target group. This pilot study assesses the relevance of various personality traits and states for the sleep of shift workers, with the objective of establishing a basis for the development of an innovative therapeutic approach for shift workers.Data was collected with an online survey from an ad-hoc sample of N = 225 (112 shift workers). Correlations were calculated between sleep variables and specific characteristcs (e.g. psychological impairment, personality traits, sleep-related behavior, attitudes towards sleep and shift work). Whether there were group differences between participants with insomnia (yes/no) and shift work (yes/no) was determined with Mann-Whitney U-tests and Kruskal-Wallis H-tests. A regression approach was used to find suitable predictors for the severity of insomnia.With the exception of perfectionism, chronotype and effort-reward imbalance, all factors produced significant results in correlations and group differences (insomnia yes/no). The groups shift yes/no hardly differed from each other. Four factors were identified as predictors of insomnia severity: dysfunctional beliefs about sleep, pre-sleep-arousal (cognitive and somatic) and depression. Individuals with sleep disorders exhibit differences from healthy sleepers in most of the analysed factors in the expected direction. We conclude that corresponding interventions could establish a foundation for the development of an innovative therapeutic approach for shift workers.When the resulting therapy manual is finalised, its effectiveness will be tested with an RCT.