bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR MEASURES FOR RECREATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES USAGE
Authors:   Omsk State Agrarian University named after P. A. Stolypin (OmGAU), Kotsur Elena V. , Dubrovsky Alexey V. ,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies
Published: November 2020

The article analyzes the reasons constraining productivity increase of agriculture. It is noted that to stabilize the situation it is necessary to take into account ecological condition of the landscapes. The main problem is the absence of actual information about processes taking place in landscapes. The solution of this problem can be the formation of unified landscape – ecological information base linked to digital maps with the help of GIS – technologies. It is suggested to apply LIS "Stable landscape" in project "Digital agriculture" as a subsystem module of "Complex digital solutions for agroindustrial complex" support system of operating activities and implementation of complex digital solutions. Testing results of this module showed the effectiveness of its usage and the need for implementation in the project as it helps providing graphic and attributive BD municipal level of management for the record and monitoring of landscapes, information support of reproduction measures and increasing the productivity usage.
FORMATION OF RATIONAL AGRICULTURAL LAND USE SYSTEM ON THE BASIS OF SOIL FERTILITY RECREATION THEORY
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Larionov Yuriy S. , Zharnikov Valeriy B. ,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Stukanov Andrey A. ,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies
Published: November 2020

The article represents scientific and methodological approach to the problem of rational agricultural land use system formation (RALUS) based on soil fertility recreation theory. The main methods of research: system approach to the analysis of subject matter, theoretical generalization of the problem condition. The basis of approach to RALUS formation is the algorithm of soil fertility estimation, represented by a number of parameters, determining soil fertility, used in technological land use systems, determined by the main regional evolutional and ecological and genetic conditions for formation and recreation of the fertility level of the given soil types. The final estimation of agricultural land fertility level - the backbone of the RALUS economy of the municipality, is based on the calculation of productivity – getting the average values of biomass per unit area at the 8-10 most common cultivated crops and their mixtures (wheat, barley, oats, rye, peas, buckwheat, canola, rump, alfalfa, clover, etc.) in specific soil-climatic zone. As a result of the research, there were formulated the basis and content of the scientific and methodological approach to the estimation of the agricultural land fertility (productivity) level, as well as recommendations for the formation of zonal RALUS on the example of the Novosibirsk region, the use of which makes it possible to more reliably use (according to 3-5 years) the crop potential of the land fund of the economy, district, region.
IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOADINGS ON THE RESULTS OF GNSS MONITORING OF MAIN BUILDING OF ZAGORSKAYA PSPP-2 BY PPP METHOD
Authors:   Innopolis University, Kalinnikov Vladislav V. , Ustinov Alexander V. ,   Branch of JSC "Institute Hydroproject" – "CSGNEO"; Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Kosarev Nikolay S. ,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies
Published: November 2020

The possibility of using the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) method in the system of integrated monitoring of hydraulic structures is study. Example of measurements in the system of monitoring the Zagorskaya PSPP-2 is shown. The absolute values of the coordinates of monitoring points determined by the PPP method are quite strongly affected by atmospheric loads arising from changes in atmospheric pressure. According to theoretical studies, vertical displacements due to this effect can be up to 25 mm, horizontal up to 1/3 of this value. The results of comparative analysis are obtained and the conclusions are done. The average daily values of the PS34 monitoring station coordinates calculated by the PPP method in the TropoGNSS software product are highly correlate with the series of crustal deformations in the area of Zagorskaya PSPP-2, calculated using the International Mass Loading Service online service, and the vertical coordinate is more correlated with the model data than the horizontal coordinates. Variations in the average daily values of the coordinates of the monitoring station allow us to identify crustal deformations of the order of 5 mm. This indicates a relatively high accuracy of the results of the PPP method and the need to apply external models of atmospheric loads. The use of external models of atmospheric loads can to ensure the required accuracy of observations of vertical and horizontal displacements of concrete dams by the PPP method.
GEODETIC MONITORING DURING THE OPERATION THE FOOTBALL STADIUMS OF THE WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP 2018
Authors:   Emperor Alexander I Saint Petersburg State Transport University, Kanashin Nikolay V. , Afonin Dmitry A. ,   Emperor Alexander I Saint Petersburg State Transport University
Published: November 2020

The technologies of geodetic works in monitoring of various structures can still be associated with a number of difficulties caused by the influence of different factors despite the studies of many authors on that theme. The article describes the high accuracy geodetic monitoring of the football stadiums "Rostov Arena" and "Kaliningrad" that took place in a short time frame and in adverse weather conditions. The article gives two geodetic monitoring methods such as creating serving network by side-points method and electronic block tacheometry. The technology and the adjustment of measurements made during monitoring are described in the article. The results show that the use of the side-points method and electronic block tacheometry ensures high accuracy measurements even in adverse conditions for observations. Practical conclusions and recommendations are set out. The article may be useful for specialists in the field of monitoring and geodetic control of deformations of structures.
PROPOLAR: Report 2018
Authors: Vieira Gonçalo , Cabrita Maria Teresa , David Ana
Published: November 2020

Wearepleasedtopresentinthisbooklet,areportofthemainactivitiesconductedbetweenAugust2017andDecember2018,withintheframeworkofthePortuguesePolarProgram-PROPOLAR. PROPOLARisledbytheCEG/IGOT-UniversityofLisbon,underaCoordinatingCommitteethatincludesmembersofother4Portugueseresearchinstitutions:CCMAR-UniversityoftheAlgarve,MARE-UniversityofCoimbra,CQE-UniversityofLisbon,andCIIMAR-UniversityofOporto.TheProgramisfundedbytheFundaçãoparaaCiênciaeaTecnologia(MCTES)asadevelopmentofitsformerPolarOffice. PortugalbenefitsfromtheuniqueconditionsofthePolarregionstoobtainfundamentalknowledgeforbetterunderstandingandmanagingofclimatechangeanditsimpacts,aswellastocontributingtoanswerfundamentalquestionsonthefunctioningoftheEarthSystem.Portuguesepolarsciencehasexperiencedsignificantdevelopmentsduringthelastdecade,leadingtonewresultswithinternationalimpactonscientificareaswithconsiderablegapsinknowledgestillneedingtobefilled.Portugueseresearchershavefoundrelevantnicheareas,whicharenowmaintainedwithintheframeworkofthePROPOLAR.Thepasttwoyearshavebeenpivotaltotheconsolidationoftheprogram,withincreasednationalrecognitionoftheimportanceofpolarresearch.InsupportingPortugal’snationalpolarresearch,thePortugueseGovernmenthaspromotedtheimplementationofalong-termstrategicagendaforthepolarsciences,andconsolidatedthebudgetoftheprogram,enhancingPortugal’sscientificpolarabilitiesandcapacity,aswellasconsolidatingtheprogramforthefuture.LogisticsarebasedoninternationalcooperationandonaPortuguese-fundedAntarcticflightopentopartnerprograms.CampaignstotheArcticandAntarcticoccuronanannualbasis,withc.15projectsperyeartakingplaceinthepolarregions.LogisticalsupportinAntarcticaismainlyprovidedbySpain,ChileandtheRepublicofKorea,alsowithstrongcooperationinresearchanduseoffacilities,withArgentina,Brazil,Bulgaria,China,Peru,TurkeyandUruguay.PROPOLARiscommittedtoimprovingtheliaisonbetweenscienceandsociety,throughpromotingtheimportanceandrelevanceofourpolarscienceandoperationalactivitiesbyengagingwithpolicy-makers,thegeneralpublic,theyounggenerations,andthemedia. TheactivitieshereindisclosedreflectthedeterminationandmotivationofthePROPOLARtochallengeitselfandtakeforwardthisprogram,withthesupportandinvolvementofaverydynamicandcommittedcommunityofpolarresearchers,whicharethetrueidentityofthePortuguesePolarProgram.
A Novel Compact Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna with a Superstrate Element for 2.4GHz WLAN Applications
Authors: Sener Goker
Published: November 2020

This paper presents a new compact rectangular microstrip patch antenna with a superstrate element. This antenna operates at 2.4 GHz TM01 fundamental mode, which is suitable for WLAN applications. The patch area is reduced by 50% by placing three rectangular slots on the ground plane. In order to compensate for the decreased gain due to the size reduction, a high permittivity superstrate is used with 4mm thickness and 5mm height from the antenna surface. The proposed antenna offers the advantage of occupying half the area of the non-modified rectangular patch while it possesses the same broadside gain of 6-7dB. The trade-off is the additional antenna height due to the placement of the superstrate element.
Aktif Gürültü Kontrolü (ANC) Sisteminde Gürültü ile Ters Gürültü Arasındaki Mesafenin Sistem Başarısına Etkisi
Authors: Özkan Tolga , Yağımlı Mustafa
Published: November 2020

Gürültü, fiziksel ve psikolojik yönden insan sağlığını tehdit eden, çalışanlar için meslek hastalığı ve iş kazası sebebi, genel olarak bakıldığında ise bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Günümüzde gürültüyü önlemek veya azaltmak için birçok uygulama bulunmaktadır. Son yıllarda ses teknolojilerinin hızlı gelişimi ile birlikte gürültü ile mücadelede yeni bakış açıları gelişmiş ve halen gelişmektedir. Bu yöntemlerden biri de ANC (Aktif Gürültü Kontrolü.) yöntemidir. ANC yöntemi, gürültü kaynağı ses ile fazı 180 derece değiştirilmiş gürültünün (Ters Gürültü) üst üste getirilmesi sağlanarak gürültünün yok edilmesi veya azaltılması esasına dayanır.Bu çalışmada, ANC yönteminde gürültü ve ters gürültü kaynağı arasındaki mesafenin, gürültünün yok edilmesi veya azaltılması yönündeki başarıya etkisi, kurulmuş olan deney düzeneği ve ölçümlerle incelenmiştir.
Veri Madenciliği Uygulaması ile Sakarya Hane halkı Verileri Kullanılarak Yolculuk Analizlerinin Yapılması
Authors: Aktaş Yusuf , Aslan Hakan , Kuyumcu Zeliha Çağla
Published: November 2020

Dünyanın ilk seri üretim otomobili olan Ford Model T ile başlayan bir asırlık süreçte otomobiller, Günümüzde sosyo-ekonomik sistemin öncüsü olarak hayatımızın önemli bir parçası haline gelmiştir. Otomobillerin hayatımıza kattığı değerin yanında ortaya çıkardığı diğer bir önemli husus ise trafik sorunudur. Bu sorun, kentsel yerleşmelerin mevcut sorunları arasında ilk sıralarda yer almaktadır. Sosyo-ekonomik gelişmeler ile sürekli artan ve çeşitlenen ulaşım talebinin karmaşık ve dinamik yapısı karşısında yetersiz kalan ulaşım sistemlerinin altyapısı ve işleyişi yerel, hatta merkezi yönetimleri daha farklı çözümler üretmeye zorlamaktadır. Mevcut ve gelecek hizmet planları ulaşım talebinin nicel ve farklılık arz eden değişken yapısı göz önünde bulundurularak yapılmalıdır. Talebin bu değişken yapısını dikkate almadan sunulacak ulaşım hizmeti arzu edilen faydayı sağlamaktan uzak kalacaktır. Bu tezin ana çalışma konusu, hane halkı anket verilerinden elde edilen kişisel özniteliklerin, üretilen yolculuk miktarları ile olan ilişkisini veri madenciliği yöntemi ve WEKA yazılımı yardımıyla ortaya çıkarmaktır. Ortaya çıkacak ilişkiler ile kurulacak olan model, hem karmaşık yapıdaki ulaşım talebini tahmin edilebilir bir kalıba sokacak hem de alınması gereken stratejik ve politik kararların yanında, zaman ve ekonomik yüke neden olan anket çalışmasını ortadan kaldırarak gelecekte oluşması beklenen yolculukların tahmini hususunda referans teşkil edecektir.
T6 Yaşlandırma Isıl işlemi Uygulanan Ekstrude AA 7075 Alüminyum Alaşımlarının Mekanik Davranışları
Authors: Demir Mehmet , Tekin Okan , Demir Adem
Published: November 2020

AA 7075 dövme alaşımları T6 yaşlandırma ısıl işlemi ile yüksek mukavemetli üretilebildikleri için, havacılık sektöründe çokça tercih edilen alüminyum alaşımlarıdır. Dövme alaşımlar ayrıca döküm alaşımlarına göre daha boşluksuz ve de sünek özelliklere sahip olduğundan havacılık sektöründe güvenle kullanılırlar. Bu çalışmada havacılık sektöründe tercih edilen, ekstrüzyonla şekillendirilmiş 7075 alaşımlarına yaşlandırma ısıl işlemi uygulanmış ve alaşımın mekanik özelliklerinde ciddi bir artış sağlanmıştır. Bunu sağlamak için, exrude AA 7075 alaşımlarına ve 125°C ve 138°C olmak üzere iki farklı yaşlandırma ısıl işlem sıcaklığında T6 yaşlandırma ısıl işlemi uygulanmıştır. Öncelikle numenlerin hepsi 470°C de 5 saat süreyle çözeltiye alınmış, oda sıcaklığındaki suda hızla soğutulmuş ve aşırı doymuş çözelti elde edilmiştir. Numunelerin bir kısmı oda sıcaklığında doğal yaşlandırılmış bir kısmı 125°C ve bir kısmı da 138°C’de farklı sürelerde yapay yaşlandırılmıştır ve her iki işlem sonucu 220 HV sertliğe ulaşılmıştır. En yüksek mukavemet 604 MPa 125°C de 50 saatlik ve 603 MPa 138°C ve 10 saatlik yaşlandırmada elde edilmiştir. Yaşlandırma ısıl işlemi sonucu, akma mukavemetindeki artışın çekme mukavemeti artışından çok daha fazla olduğu gözlenmiştir.
Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Butt Joint Combined Crash Boxes Joint Area by the Cold Metal Transfer Method
Authors: Yakupoğlu Cihan , Acar İbrahim , Varol Faruk , Aslanlar Salim
Published: November 2020

Bu çalışmada, otomotiv sektöründe çarpışma sönümleyici görevini üstlenen çarpışma kutularının üretiminde kullanılan galvaniz kaplı 1.2 mm kalınlığındaki SCGA440 (Çift Faz) çelik levhalar birleştirilmiştir. Birleştirme işlemi CMT yöntemi uygulaması ile yapılmıştır. Bu uygulamada kaynak hızı 60 cm/dk’da sabit tutularak yapılan alın birleştirmeleri CuSi3, SG2 dolgu telleri ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. CMT birleştirme işlemleri yapıldıktan sonra, bağlantı bölgelerindeki çekme mukavemeti (Mpa), çentik darbe enerjisi (J), sertlik değerleri (HV) makro ve mikro testleri yapılarak incelenmiştir.
Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Butt Joint Form in CMT-Brazed Joints of DP800 Thin Zinc Coated Steel Plates Using Different Torch Angles
Authors: Acar İbrahim , Yakupoğlu Cihan , Varol Faruk , Aslanlar Salim
Published: November 2020

Bu çalışmada,1 mm kalınlığındaki DP800 (Çift Fazlı) çelik plakalar bakır esaslı (CuAl8) ilave tel kullanılarak CMT-lehimleme (Soğuk Metal Transferi) tekniği ile birleştirilmiştir. Numuneler alın birleştirme formunda hazırlanmıştır. CMT-lehimleme işlemi torç açıları 500, 600, 700, 800 ve 900 olmak üzere 5 farklı değerde yapılmıştır. Dolgu metali olarak büyük oranda bakırdan oluşan CuAl8 teli kullanılmıştır. CMT-lehimleme işlemi gerçekleştirildikten sonra; numunelerin gerilme özellikleri saptanmış ve DP800 çelik sacının CMT-lehimleme tekniği ile birleştirilebilirliğini görmek için birleşme noktalarının mikro ve makro görüntüleri incelenmiştir.
Ticari İçten Yanmalı Bir Motorun Hava Emiş Sistemi Tasarımı
Authors: Pehlivan Orhan
Published: November 2020

İçten yanmalı motorlarda kullanılan hava emiş sisteminin temel amacı, motordan istenilen performansı elde etmek için gereken temiz havayı sağlamaktır. Özellikle, motorda yanma için gerekli olan oksijen, hava emiş sistemi tarafından elde edilen temiz havadan sağlanır. Bu nedenle, motora verilen havanın temizliği ve akış kalitesi motor performansını etkiler. Motora verilen havanın taşınması ve temizlenmesi hava emiş sistemi ile gerçekleştirilir. Bu çalışmada, müşteri tanımlama parametrelerini, ürün geliştirme sürecini, sistem parametrelerinde optimizasyonu ve sanal doğrulamalarını uygulayarak tamamlanmış bir hava emiş sistemi tasarım süreci baştan sona açıklanmıştır. Bu süreçte, teşhis etme, tanımlama, geliştirme, optimize etme, doğrulama (IDDOV) dizisini temel alan Altı Sigma Tasarım (DFSS) metodolojisi kullanılmıştır.
Exponential Computing Digital Circuit Design Developed for FPGA-based Embedded Systems
Authors: Dereli Serkan , Uç Mahmut
Published: November 2020

Digital systems consist of thousands of digital circuit blocks operating in the background, working in their simplest form such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division. In exponential expressions like square roots and cube roots, just like these circuits, it is found in many digital systems and performs tasks. Although these processes seem to be used only in circuits carrying out mathematical operations, they actually take an active role in solving many engineering problems. In this study, a digital circuit design that computes both the integer and a floating point exponent of a 32-bit floating-point number has been realized. This digital circuit, which is coded with VHDL language, can be used from beginner to advanced level in FPGA based systems. This digital circuit, which is coded with VHDL language, can be used from beginner to advanced level in FPGA based systems. In addition, three floating IP cores - logarithm, multiplication and exponent - were used in this digital circuit, and results were obtained with a total of five finite state machines in sixty-six clock pulse time.
True-Random Number Generator Based on Image Histogram
Authors: Dereli Serkan
Published: November 2020

It is the non-repetitive distribution that makes the random numbers important in artificial intelligence techniques, cryptology, transferring a real environment to the virtual world and many more applications. Since the source of true random numbers consists of data from the physical world, the same number chain is never produced. In this study, images taken from the outside world were used as the source of randomness. The resulting image was first converted into an 8-bit gray image, and then the histogram of this gray image was revealed. As is known, an image histogram shows the color distribution in that image. In this study, the color distribution resulting from the histogram has been converted into a random distribution between 0 and 1. As a result, it was observed that the resulting distribution of numbers overlapped with histogram. Since the distribution of the numbers depends on the ratio of the pixels and the ratio of the pixels on the image obtained, the result is a real random number sequence.
Investigating the GALILEO and BeiDou orbit accuracy derived from rapid products
Authors: Ogutcu Sermet , Alcay Salih , Atiz Omer Faruk
Published: November 2020

In recent years, the advances of the new Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) constellations including, Galileo and BeiDou (BDS), have undergone dramatic changes. Some analysis centers (ACs) produce precise orbit and clock products of Galileo and BeiDou constellations. Currently, three types of Galileo and BeiDou satellite orbit and clock products are available – namely, precise, rapid and ultra-rapid products –. Ultra-rapid and rapid products are generally used for time-constrained applications. Precise orbit determination (POD) of Galileo and BeiDou is much challenging compared with GPS and GLONASS constellations due to the officially undetermined receiver phase center offset (PCO), variations (PCV) of Galileo and BeiDou constellations and, also some other not well-defined factors such as yaw-attitude models and solar radiation pressure. In this study, GALILEO orbit accuracy is investigated using rapid products produced by Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ) and Wuhan University (WUHAN), while GFZ and WUHAN rapid products are used for BeiDou constellation only. One month (January) of data in 2020 is used to compute errors of radial, along-track, and cross-track components of Galileo and BeiDou orbit derived by rapid products compared with the CODE final Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) product which is assumed as the reference product. The results show that no significant differences between the products are found for Galileo orbit. For BeiDou orbit, WUHAN rapid product produced the smaller root mean square errors (RMSEs) of orbit components compared with the GFZ rapid product.
Educational Simulator for Frequency Estimation using ANN
Authors: Yalçın Nedim Aktan , Vatansever Fahri
Published: November 2020

In this study, educational simulator for frequency estimation of signals is realized with artificial neural networks. Artificial neural networks are used for training Prony coefficients. Designed simulator is written in MATLAB and effect of neural net parameters (cost function, activation function, neuron size, etc.) to learning ability can be compared. Besides educational purposes, developed simulator can be used by engineers in order to create frequency estimators in practical studies.
Farklı Ebatlardaki Kutular için Endüstri 4.0 Uyumlu Bir Otomatik Depolama ve Boşaltma Sistem (ODBS) Tasarımı
Authors: Koyun Uğur , Özsoy Damla , Ertunç H. Metin
Published: November 2020

Günümüz teknolojisinde Endüstri 4.0 ile insan gücüne olan ihtiyaç azalmakta ve akıllı sistemlerin kullanımı her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu gelişmelerden endüstriyel depolama sistemleri de etkilenmiş ve bunun sonucunda mekandan, zamandan ve insan gücünden tasarruf sağlayan farklı tipte Otomatik Depolama ve Boşaltma Sistemleri (ODBS) geliştirilmiştir. Bu sistemlerde ürünler, tek tip kutu veya farklı tip kutuların büyük bir kutuda birleştirilmesi biçiminde depolanmak üzere tasarlanmıştır. Bu bildiri kapsamında yapılan çalışmada, farklı tipteki kutulara herhangi bir müdahalede bulunmadan raflara yerleştirilebilmesi sağlanmış ve böylelikle kutu boyutundan bağımsız, ancak alt ve üst sınır kısıtlaması ile esnek bir ODBS modeli geliştirilmiş ve uygulaması yapılmıştır. Kutuların hacim ve ağırlıkları sensörler ile ölçülmüş ve bu ölçülen sensör verilerine göre yönlendirilen mekanik yapı, kutunun sistemde ilerleyebilmesi için uygun şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, geliştirilen sistemin uygulaması büyük ölçekte imalat yapan bir endüstriyel firmada başarıyla gerçekleştirilmiş ve sistem verimliliğini artırdığı gözlenmiştir.
Adhesion Imrovement with Plasma Activation Between Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Altuncu Ekrem , Tecir Ayyuce , Birbaşar Onur
Published: November 2020

Aluminum alloys are advantageous light metals in many respects. In the use of these alloys in the ship, aviation and automotive industries, bonding applications rather than welded joints or mechanical connections are preferred. Improving adhesion properties with various surface treatments applied to aluminum alloys is an important issue. Adhesive type, front surface treatments and surface activation techniques control adhesion strength. In this study, the effect of plasma surface treatment technology on adhesion strength was examined in detail. The water drop wetting ability of the alloys were examined, and then adhesion properties were compared with adhesion tests. It has been determined that plasma technology significantly increases the adhesion strength.
Inovative Practices To The Sector Of Dried Fig In Turkey
Authors: Avşar Dilehan , Avşar Gökhan
Published: November 2020

One of the Turkey's European Union accession process main policy areas in need of harmonization is seen in the agriculture. The problems experienced in the trade, it may be able to offer solutions for the elimination of deficiencies in infrastructure and on the other obstacles. One of the steps to be taken in this regard is the ability to get the GLOBALGAP certification cooperating with the ITU for the producers oriented manufacturing overseas markets, especially in our country. In this study, the biotechnical fighting method within the scope of good agricultural practices (pheromone bars) contributions on innovation, the contribution of the use of international trade effects of good agricultural practices, the role of good agricultural practices of international organizations, the application of our country in compliance with the EU, the adaptation stage for good agricultural practices of the new member states and provides information on topics such as farmers need to do. Besides, with the help of a detailed review of the literature, it will be given information about the situation in Turkey for better understanding on using good agricultural production datas.
Yeşil enerjiye dayalı ve bitkiye özel ortam koşullarının sağlandığı prototip sera uygulaması
Authors: Uğuz Sinan , Dikmen Enes
Published: November 2020

Son yıllarda giderek artan dünya nüfusu, beslenme ile ilgili bir dar boğaz oluşmasına neden olmaktadır. İnsanoğlunun en temel ihtiyacı olan beslenme gereksinimi küresel ısınma başta olmak üzere erozyon, sel, yanlış tarım uygulamaları gibi nedenlerden ötürü giderek karşılanması güç bir sürece doğru evirilmektedir. Bu noktada doğal kaynakların doğru kullanımı hem tarım uygulamalarındaki verimi artıracak hem de gelecek nesillere yaşanabilir bir doğa bırakılmasını sağlayacaktır. Son yıllarda akıllı tarım uygulamaları ile kaynakların verimli kullanımı da mümkün hale gelmiştir. Doğal enerji kaynaklarını ifade eden yeşil enerjiye dayalı tarım uygulamalarının yapıldığı alanlardan birisi seralardır. Bu çalışmada yeşil enerji kaynaklarının kullanılabileceği ve her bitkiye özel çevresel koşulların sistem tarafından otomatik olarak belirlendiği bir sera prototipi önerilmiştir. Enerji yönetimi ile seranın ısıtma ve elektrik enerjisi, yeşil enerji kaynakları ile sağlanmıştır. İklim yönetimi ile ise sera içerisindeki ürünlerin tarımsal özeliklerini dikkate alarak nem, sıcaklık, havalandırma gibi önemli parametrelerin ayarlanması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın gerçek seralara uygulanması ile uzun vadede, enerji maliyetlerinin düşürülerek ürünlerin daha ucuza mal edilebileceği ve ülkemizde seracılık bölgelerinde yaygınlaştırılabileceği öngörülmektedir.
Makine Öğrenmesi ile Bireysel Müşteriler için Finansman Ürün Önerilmesi
Authors: Karadağ Bulut , Bölükbaş Oğuzhan , Ünal Mahmut Ahmet
Published: November 2020

Bankalar, temel gelirlerini müşterilerine kredi kullandırarak elde ederler. Bir bankanın müşterisi, herhangi bir finansman ürünü kullandığında, ürün eline geçer bunun karşılığında bankaya vadeli olarak borçlanır. Bir finansman ürünü kullanan müşteri belli bir dönem sonra başka bir finansman türü de kullanabilir. Müşteriler kullanmak istedikleri finansman türünü şube çalışanına iletir ve şube çalışanı müşteri için teklif girer sonrasında tahsis işlemini başlatır. Banka, müşteriden bir talep gelene kadar müşterinin ne tür bir ürün kullanacağını bilemez. Yapılan bu çalışmada, bankanın mevcut müşterilerinin verileri makine öğrenmesi ile eğitilerek, bir kişinin banka müşterisi olur olmaz önerilebilecek finansman türleri gösterilecektir. Naive Bayes algoritması kullanılarak, en yüksek orana sahip üç ürün önerilecektir. Bu sayede, bankaya gelen yeni müşteri, talebini yapmadan onun kullanabileceği finansman ürünleri kendisine önerilecektir.
A Smart Home System based on Microcontroller using Android Application and MySQL Database
Authors: Gül Ömer , Bayrak Uğur
Published: November 2020

In recent years, people may disremember to turn off various devices or not be sure open or closed. Predefined scenarios for these people, home comfort and efficiency in the workplace will help a lot. Most people spend time with mobile phones throughout the day. Therefore, the control of smart devices by phones would be an appropriate solution. In this study, it is designed with microcontroller based intelligent building automation system hardware and software to provide energy efficient, security and comfort. The programming of the microcontroller, writing the android application program for the mobile phone and MySQL database software were realized. Microcontroller with GSM shield, it is possible to control the devices connected to the system by an android application automatically and manually by means of the internet connection by the MySQL database on the remote server. It is ensured that all devices are adjusted with a single touch according to predefined scenarios.
Using Zigzag Persistent Homology to Detect Hopf Bifurcations in Dynamical Systems
Authors: Tymochko Sarah , Munch Elizabeth , Khasawneh Firas A.
Published: November 2020

Bifurcations in dynamical systems characterize qualitative changes in the system behavior. Therefore, their detection is important because they can signal the transition from normal system operation to imminent failure. In an experimental setting, this transition could lead to incorrect data or damage to the entire experiment. While standard persistent homology has been used in this setting, it usually requires analyzing a collection of persistence diagrams, which in turn drives up the computational cost considerably. Using zigzag persistence, we can capture topological changes in the state space of the dynamical system in only one persistence diagram. Here, we present Bifurcations using ZigZag (BuZZ), a one-step method to study and detect bifurcations using zigzag persistence. The BuZZ method is successfully able to detect this type of behavior in two synthetic examples as well as an example dynamical system.
Machine Learning for Prediction of Energy in Wheat Production
Authors: Mostafaeipour Ali , Fakhrzad Mohammad Bagher , Gharaat Sajad , Jahangiri Mehdi , Dhanraj Joshuva Arockia , Band Shahab S. , Issakhov Alibek , Mosavi Amir
Published: November 2020

The global population growth has led to a considerable rise in demand for wheat. Today, the amount of energy consumption in agriculture has also increased due to the need for sufficient food for the growing population. Thus, agricultural policymakers in most countries rely on prediction models to influence food security policies. This research aims to predict and reduce the amount of energy consumption in wheat production. Data were collected from the farms of Estahban city in Fars province of Iran by the Jihad Agricultural Department’s experts for 20 years from 1994 to 2013. In this study, a novel prediction method based on consumed energy in the production period is proposed. The model is developed based on artificial intelligence to forecast the output energy in wheat production and uses extreme learning machine (ELM) and support vector regression (SVR). In the experimental stage, the value of elevation metrics for the EVM and ELM was reported to be equal to 0.000000409 and 0.9531, respectively. Total input energy (consumed) is found to be 1,460,503.1 Mega Joules (MJ), and output energy (produced wheat) is 1,401,011.945 MJ for the Estahban. The result indicates the superiority of the ELM model to enhance the decisions of the agricultural policymakers.
Annual Wildflower Strips as a Tool for Enhancing Functional Biodiversity in Rye Fields in an Organic Cultivation System
Authors: Kujawa Krzysztof , Bernacki Zdzisław , Kowalska Jolanta , Kujawa Anna , Oleszczuk Maria , Sienkiewicz Paweł , Sobczyk Dariusz
Published: November 2020

Ecological intensification of agriculture (e.g., with the use of wildflower strips) is being currently discussed as a mean for gaining high yields, preserving high biodiversity of farmland. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of annual wildflower strips (WFSs) established in rye field (RF) in (1) increasing species richness and abundance in terms of beneficial arthropod groups (carabids, ground spiders, plant spiders, butterflies, insect pollinators and plant-dwelling insect predators), (2) decreasing the abundance of insect pests, (3) decreasing damages of the crop, and (4) increasing the yield. The field survey was carried out in 2019, in two WFSs and in the adjacent crop field at the distances of 3, 9, 21 and 45 m. The study was not skewed by pesticide use as it was carried out on an organic farm. Mean “site” species numbers (α-diversity) and the abundance of most groups were found to be significantly higher in WFSs than in RF. A negative relationship was found in most groups between distance from WFSs and species numbers and abundance. The mean total abundance of all observed pest insects was positively related to distance from WFSs and increased by 83% at distances between 3 and 45 m from WFSs. There was a negative exponential relationship between aphid abundance and total predator abundance, which suggests a mechanism reducing aphid abundance resulting from high levels of predator abundance in the nearby WFSs. The study shows that annual WFSs can be an efficient measure for enhancing cropland biodiversity and should be taken into account in agri-environmental schemes in the Common Agricultural Policy after 2020.
Twins in Dairy Herds. Is It Better to Maintain or Reduce a Pregnancy?
Authors: López-Gatius Fernando
Published: November 2020

Multiple ovulations and so multiple pregnancies have increased recently in dairy cattle. The incidence of the double ovulation impact in high producers at insemination may be over 20%. Twin pregnancies are undesirable as they seriously compromise the welfare and productive lifespan of the cow and herd economy. Clinical problems extend from the time of pregnancy diagnosis to pregnancy loss, abortion or parturition. Early pregnancy loss or abortion of multiple pregnancies lead in most cases to culling. In cows reaching their term, mean productive lifespan is up to about 300 days shorter for cows delivering twins than for cows delivering singletons. While there is an urgent need to address multiple pregnancy prevention procedures in the foreseeable future, the incidence of twin pregnancies continues to rise in parallel with increased milk production. Herein, we review two contrasting measures proposed for the time of twin pregnancy diagnosis: (1) gonadotropin-releasing hormone treatment for pregnancy maintenance, or (2) embryo reduction. These options are discussed in terms of their implications for individual animal health and herd economy. Our main conclusions find that manual twin reduction has proven to be the best management option, whereas the use of prostaglandin F2α for inducing abortion may be a better option than doing nothing.
Genome-Wide Association Studies Reveal Susceptibility Loci for Digital Dermatitis in Holstein Cattle
Authors: Lai Ellen , Danner Alexa L. , Famula Thomas R. , Oberbauer Anita M.
Published: November 2020

Digital dermatitis (DD) causes lameness in dairy cattle. To detect the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with DD, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed using high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes and binary case/control, quantitative (average number of FW per hoof trimming record) and recurrent (cases with ≥2 DD episodes vs. controls) phenotypes from cows across four dairies (controls n = 129 vs. FW n = 85). Linear mixed model (LMM) and random forest (RF) approaches identified the top SNPs, which were used as predictors in Bayesian regression models to assess the SNP predictive value. The LMM and RF analyses identified QTL regions containing candidate genes on Bos taurus autosome (BTA) 2 for the binary and recurrent phenotypes and BTA7 and 20 for the quantitative phenotype that related to epidermal integrity, immune function, and wound healing. Although larger sample sizes are necessary to reaffirm these small effect loci amidst a strong environmental effect, the sample cohort used in this study was sufficient for estimating SNP effects with a high predictive value.
The Effect of Dietary Rye Inclusion and Xylanase Supplementation on Structural Organization of Bone Constitutive Phases in Laying Hens Fed a Wheat-Corn Diet
Authors: Muszyński Siemowit , Arczewska Marta , Świątkiewicz Sylwester , Arczewska-Włosek Anna , Dobrowolski Piotr , Świetlicka Izabela , Hułas-Stasiak Monika , Blicharski Tomasz , Donaldson Janine , Schwarz Tomasz , Tomaszewska Ewa
Published: November 2020

This study was conducted to examine the effect of dietary rye inclusion and xylanase supplementation on the bone quality of ISA Brown laying hens. Ninety-six laying hens were assigned to four groups: fed with wheat–corn diet or rye–wheat–corn diet (25% of hybrid rye inclusion) or nonsupplemented or supplemented with xylanase (200 mg/kg of feed) for a period of 25 weeks, from the 26th to the 50th week of age. X-ray absorptiometry, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to provide comprehensive information about the structural organization of bone constitutive phases of the tibia mid-diaphysis in hens from all treatment groups. Bone hydroxyapatite size was not affected by diet. Xylanase supplementation influenced the carbonate-to-phosphate ratio and crystallinity index in hens fed with both diets. Xylanase had more pronounced effects on bone mineral density and collagen maturity in hens fed with the rye–wheat–corn diet versus those fed with the wheat–corn diet. The results of this study showed that modern rye varieties, when supplemented with exogenous xylanase, can be introduced to the diet of laying hens without any adverse effects on bone structure.
Deep Eutectic Solvents and Nonconventional Technologies for Blueberry-Peel Extraction: Kinetics, Anthocyanin Stability, and Antiproliferative Activity
Authors: Grillo Giorgio , Gunjević Veronika , Radošević Kristina , Redovniković Ivana Radojčić , Cravotto Giancarlo
Published: November 2020

Interest in bioactive phytochemicals and sustainable processes is the driving force behind this study on two novel green extraction methods for the recovery of anthocyanins from the residues of blueberry processing. Five natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have been tested for anthocyanin extraction. Acidified hydroalcoholic solutions were used as benchmarks and the shelf life of eutectic systems was monitored. The most promising NADES was tested in microwave (MAE)- and ultrasound-assisted extractions (UAEs), and Peleg’s kinetic model was used. Both the enabling technologies provided performance that was superior to that of conventional extraction. MAE and UAE yielded up to 25.83 and 21.18 mg/gmatrix of total anthocyanin content, respectively, after 15 and 30 min. Moreover, a preliminary test for extract concentration and NADES recycling was performed using resin adsorption. Finally, the antiproliferative activity of the extracts was determined by a CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay, the so-called MTS assay, on human tumour HeLa cells and human skin HaCaT cells. Nonconventional extracts exhibited strong antiproliferative activity that was much greater than that of their conventionally extracted analogues. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell-death type, and apoptosis was found to be the primary cause of tumour cell death. The presented study demonstrates that the implementation of enabling extraction technologies and green solvents can produce an antiproliferative agent from a food industry byproduct.
Exploring the Functional Relationship between y-Type Thioredoxins and 2-Cys Peroxiredoxins in Arabidopsis Chloroplasts
Authors: Jurado-Flores Ana , Delgado-Requerey Víctor , Gálvez-Ramírez Alicia , Puerto-Galán Leonor , Pérez-Ruiz Juan Manuel , Cejudo Francisco Javier
Published: November 2020

Thioredoxins (Trxs) are small, ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze disulphide–dithiol interchange in target enzymes. The large set of chloroplast Trxs, including f, m, x and y subtypes, use reducing equivalents fueled by photoreduced ferredoxin (Fdx) for fine-tuning photosynthetic performance and metabolism through the control of the activity of redox-sensitive proteins. Although biochemical analyses suggested functional diversity of chloroplast Trxs, genetic studies have established that deficiency in a particular Trx subtype has subtle phenotypic effects, leading to the proposal that the Trx isoforms are functionally redundant. In addition, chloroplasts contain an NADPH-dependent Trx reductase with a joint Trx domain, termed NTRC. Interestingly, Arabidopsis mutants combining the deficiencies of x- or f-type Trxs and NTRC display very severe growth inhibition phenotypes, which are partially rescued by decreased levels of 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (Prxs). These findings indicate that the reducing capacity of Trxs f and x is modulated by the redox balance of 2-Cys Prxs, which is controlled by NTRC. In this study, we explored whether NTRC acts as a master regulator of the pool of chloroplast Trxs by analyzing its functional relationship with Trxs y. While Trx y interacts with 2-Cys Prxs in vitro and in planta, the analysis of Arabidopsis mutants devoid of NTRC and Trxs y suggests that Trxs y have only a minor effect, if any, on the redox state of 2-Cys Prxs.
Exploiting Generative Adversarial Networks as an Oversampling Method for Fault Diagnosis of an Industrial Robotic Manipulator
Authors: Pu Ziqiang , Cabrera Diego , Sánchez René-Vinicio , Cerrada Mariela , Li Chuan , Valente de Oliveira José
Published: November 2020

Data-driven machine learning techniques play an important role in fault diagnosis, safety, and maintenance of the industrial robotic manipulator. However, these methods require data that, more often that not, are hard to obtain, especially data collected from fault condition states and, without enough and appropriated (balanced) data, no acceptable performance should be expected. Generative adversarial networks (GAN) are receiving a significant interest, especially in the image analysis field due to their outstanding generative capabilities. This paper investigates whether or not GAN can be used as an oversampling tool to compensate for an unbalanced data set in an industrial manipulator fault diagnosis task. A comprehensive empirical analysis is performed taking into account six different scenarios for mitigating the unbalanced data, including classical under and oversampling (SMOTE) methods. In all of these, a wavelet packet transform is used for feature generation while a random forest is used for fault classification. Aspects such as loss functions, learning curves, random input distributions, data shuffling, and initial conditions were also considered. A non-parametric statistical test of hypotheses reveals that all GAN based fault-diagnosis outperforms both under and oversampling classical methods while, within GAN based methods, an average accuracy difference as high as 1.68% can be achieved.
Achievements and Prospects of Functional Pavement: Materials and Structures
Authors: Zheng Jian-long , You Zhanping , Liu Xueyan
Published: November 2020

In order to further promote the development of functional pavement technology, a Special Issue of “Achievements and Prospects of Functional Pavement” has been proposed by a group of guest editors. To reach this objective, articles included in this Special Issue are related to different aspects of functional pavement, including green roads to decrease carbon emission, noise, and pollution, safety pavement to increase skid resistance by water drainage and snow removal, intelligent roads for monitoring, power generation, temperature control and management, and durable roads to increase service life with new theory, new design methods, and prediction models, as highlighted in this editorial.
Monitoring Living Modified Canola Using an Efficient Multiplex PCR Assay in Natural Environments in South Korea
Authors: Kim Il Ryong , Lim Hye Song , Choi Wonkyun , Kang Da In , Lee Sang Yeol , Lee Jung Ro
Published: November 2020

Canola (Brassica napus L.) is cultivated worldwide and utilized as a vegetable oil, biodiesel, and livestock feed. It is also a major living modified (LM) crop alongside corn, soybean, and cotton. Many canola events have been authorized for food, feed, and processing use in South Korea. Concerns about the unintentional release of LM canola into the natural environment have increased environmental monitoring and post-management of living modified organisms (LMOs) is on the rise. The Ministry of Environment (MOE) and the National Institute of Ecology (NIE) conducted an environmental LMO monitoring and post-management project for LM canola from 2014 to 2017. The number of suspicious LM samples gradually increased each year. In this study, a multiplex PCR method was established to detect seven single LM canola events (Topas 19/2, Rf3, Dp-73496-4, Ms8, GT73, Mon88032, and T45) to cover 14 approved LM canola events. This method was utilized to detect 22 LMs out of 260 suspicious canola samples. Thus, this new method is more efficient in terms of time and cost than conventional PCR methods for the identification and monitoring of LMOs.
Mitigating Global Methane Emissions Using Metal-Organic Framework Adsorbents
Authors: Mahmoud Eyas
Published: November 2020

Global emission of methane reached a record high in 2020. Furthermore, it is expected that methane emissions will continue to rise in the coming years despite the economic slowdown stemming from the coronavirus pandemic. Adsorbents can be used to reduce methane emissions. However, the question remains as to which adsorbents perform best for enhanced methane capture. In this work, it is demonstrated that metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibited the best methane uptakes at 1 bar and 298 K from experiments as compared to tested carbonaceous materials, polymers, and zeolites. In addition, the adsorption entropy, an important thermodynamic property indicating adsorption capacity and kinetics, is determined on well-defined MOFs using a global predictive equation for porous materials. A correlation was used to describe the effect of translation and rotation of methane in the porous material for methane emission abatement. This information and the entropy of adsorption of methane on MOFs has not been reported before. The predicted results were compared to experimental data obtained from adsorption isotherms. Optimum isosteric heats were calculated by the Bhatia and Myers correlation. Finally, the pre-exponential factor of desorption is determined to aid in the design of materials for global methane emissions mitigation.
Each-Phase Metering with Gas-Liquid Stratified Flow Based on the Multi-Frequency Coriolis Principle
Authors: Hua Chenquan , Yin Yixiang , Sun Shuning , Zhu Hao , Xing Lanchang
Published: November 2020

Gas-liquid two-phase flows generally have the characteristics of complex and variable flow patterns and flow rate uncertainty of each phase. The entrainment of gas increases errors of the existing non-separated multiphase metering. A novel metering method based on the multi-frequency Coriolis principle is proposed to solve the above problems. Compared to the conventional Coriolis mass flowmeter, the third-order mode of the measuring tube is used to improve the accuracy of the measurement. The influences of bubble effect and resonance effect on vibration responses in different vibrational modes were studied to determine the deviations of the apparent values of total density and mass flowrate by simulation. Simulation results with a single-frequency Coriolis flowmeter show that the maximum relative deviations of total density and total mass flowrate are −37.3% and −9.3%, respectively. Driven by different frequencies, the same two phase fluid in the measuring tube can have different responses of the primary mode and the higher vibrational modes. The vibrational responses characteristics corresponding to the first-order and third-order modes of measuring tube were selected and analyzed. Combined with advantages of high precision and multi-parameter measurement of traditional single-frequency Coriolis flowmeters, a multi-frequency correction model suitable for stratified flow was proposed. The results show that the corrected total density and mass flow deviations of gas-containing fluid are within ±4% and ±3%, respectively, which are significantly reduced. Corrected flowrate deviations of the gas-phase and liquid-phase are ±9.1% and ±7.2%, correspondingly, which also meet the metering requirements of the wellhead.