bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rif1 is a global regulator of timing of replication origin firing in fission yeast
Authors: Hayano Motoshi , Kanoh Yutaka , Matsumoto Seiji , Renard-Guillet Claire , Shirahige Katsuhiko , Masai Hisao
Published: January 2012

One of the long-standing questions in eukaryotic DNA replication is the mechanisms that determine where and when a particular segment of the genome is replicated. Cdc7/Hsk1 is a conserved kinase required for initiation of DNA replication and may affect the site selection and timing of origin firing. We identified rif1Δ, a null mutant of rif1+, a conserved telomere-binding factor, as an efficient bypass mutant of fission yeast hsk1. Extensive deregulation of dormant origins over a wide range of the chromosomes occurs in rif1Δ in the presence or absence of hydroxyurea (HU). At the same time, many early-firing, efficient origins are suppressed or delayed in firing timing in rif1Δ. Rif1 binds not only to telomeres, but also to many specific locations on the arm segments that only partially overlap with the prereplicative complex assembly sites, although Rif1 tends to bind in the vicinity of the late/dormant origins activated in rif1Δ. The binding to the arm segments occurs through M to G1 phase in a manner independent of Taz1 and appears to be essential for the replication timing program during the normal cell cycle. Our data demonstrate that Rif1 is a critical determinant of the origin activation program on the fission yeast chromosomes.
Wnt signaling: the β-cat(enin)'s meow
Authors: Bauer Matthieu , Willert Karl
Published: January 2012

In a study in the December 15, 2011, issue of Genes & Development, Valenta and colleagues (pp. 2631–2643) constructed a series of β-catenin mutants that allowed them to separate β-catenin's activity as a mediator of Wnt signaling from its activity as cell adhesion component. In doing so, they uncovered some surprising properties of Wnt signaling.
Poly[aqua[μ3-(pyridin-1-ium-3,5-diyl)diphosphonato-κ3O:O′:O′′][μ2-(pyridin-1-ium-3,5-diyl)diphosphonato-κ2O:O′]calcium(II)]
Authors: Wilk Magdalena , Janczak Jan , Videnova-Adrabinska Veneta
Published: January 2012

The rigid organic ligand (pyridine-3,5-diyl)diphosphonic acid has been used to create the title novel three-dimensional coordination polymer, [Ca(C5H6NO6P2)2(H2O)]n. The six-coordinate calcium ion is in a distorted octahedral environment, formed by five phosphonate O atoms from five different (pyridin-1-ium-3,5-diyl)diphosphonate ligands, two of which are unique, and one water O atom. Two crystallographically independent acid monoanions,L1 andL2, serve to link metal centres using two different coordination modes,viz.η2μ2and η3μ3, respectively. The latter ligand,L2, forms a strongly undulated two-dimensional framework parallel to the crystallographicbcplane, whereas the former ligand,L1, is utilized in the formation of one-dimensional helical chains in the [010] direction. The two sublattices ofL1 andL2 interweave at the Ca2+ions to form a three-dimensional framework. In addition, multiple O—H...O and N—H...O hydrogen bonds stabilize the three-dimensional coordination network. Topologically, the three-dimensional framework can be simplified as a very unusual (2,3,5)-connected three-nodal net represented by the Schläfli symbol (4·82)(4·88·10)(8).
Adolescents, Online Marketing and Privacy: Predicting Adolescents’ Willingness to Disclose Personal Information for Marketing Purposes
Authors: Walrave Michel , Heirman Wannes
Published: January 2012

The present study aims at exploring which factors predict the willingness of adolescents to disclose personal information in response to online marketing requests. Our analyses show that especially privacy concerns and perceived benefits explain a considerable portion of variance in both willingness to disclose profile data (e.g. age, hobbies, favourite products) and contact data (e.g. phone number, e‐mail address, home address). An interesting interrelationship was found between profile data and contact data disclosure. Contrary to our expectations, parental mediation strategies were only a weak predictor of teenagers’ willingness to disclose contact information. Policy implications that emerge from the central findings of this study are discussed.
Depredation by harbor seal and spiny dogfish in a Georges Bank gillnet fishery
Authors: RAFFERTY A. R. , BRAZER E. O. , REINA R. D.
Published: January 2012

Abstract Depredation can have economic, social and ecological impacts by decreasing fishery landings and threatening marine predator populations through increased risk of entanglement. This investigation quantified the loss of landings attributed to harbour seal,Phoca vitulinaL., and spiny dogfish,Squalus acanthiasL., depredation in the Georges Bank, Massachusetts, USA gillnet fishery. Approximately 1361 kg (2.38%) of fish was discarded from a total possible catch weight of nearly 57 300 kg because it was unsalable following depredation. Spiny dogfish accounted for 1134 kg (1.98%), and harbour seal accounted for 227 kg (0.40%) of discards. This represented an estimated US$2250 loss in profits from a total possible catch value of almost US$61 800, signifying a 3.64% market‐value loss during the assessment period. These results suggest that discarding due to harbour seal and spiny dogfish depredation results in a relatively small market loss to fishers, although additional information and research is needed before this can be confirmed. This study is the first on this subject in the fishery and provides baseline information on depredation rates that could be useful if harbour seal and spiny dogfish populations continue to increase.
The influence of time, soil characteristics, and land‐use history on soil phosphorus legacies: a global meta‐analysis
Authors: MacDonald Graham K. , Bennett Elena M. , Taranu Zofia E.
Published: January 2012

Agriculturally driven changes in soil phosphorus (P) are known to have persistent effects on local ecosystem structure and function, but regional patterns of soil P recovery following cessation of agriculture are less well understood. We synthesized data from 94 published studies to assess evidence of these land‐use legacies throughout the world by comparing soil labile and total P content in abandoned agricultural areas to that of reference ecosystems or sites remaining in agriculture. Our meta‐analysis shows that soil P content was typically elevated after abandonment compared to reference levels, but reduced compared to soils that remained under agriculture. There were more pronounced differences in the legacies of past agriculture on soil P across regions than between the types of land use practiced prior to abandonment (cropland, pasture, or forage grassland). However, consistent patterns of soil P enrichment or depletion according to soil order and types of post‐agricultural vegetation suggest that these factors may mediate agricultural legacies on soil P. We also used mixed effects models to examine the role of multiple variables on soil P recovery following agriculture. Time since cessation of agriculture was highly influential on soil P legacies, with clear reductions in the degree of labile and total P enrichment relative to reference ecosystems over time. Soil characteristics (clay content and pH) were strongly related to changes in labile P compared to reference sites, but these were relatively unimportant for total P. The duration of past agricultural use and climate were weakly related to changes in total P only. Our finding of reductions in the degree of soil P alteration over time relative to reference conditions reveals the potential to mitigate these land‐use legacies in some soils. Better ability to predict dynamics of soil nutrient recovery after termination of agricultural use is essential to ecosystem management following land‐use change.
In vitro and In vivo Association of Porcine Hepatic Cytochrome P450 3A and 2C Activities with Testicular Steroids
Authors: Zamaratskaia G , Zlabek V , Ropstad E , Andresen Ø
Published: January 2012

Contents

The aim of this study was to screen the inhibitory potential of several testicular steroids on cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and 2C (CYP2C) activities in porcine liver microsomes. The microsomes used in this study were obtained from pubertal male pigs of two breeds, Landrace and Duroc. For the in vitro inhibition study, porcine microsomes were incubated in the presence of 17β‐estradiol, 17α‐estradiol, androstenone, dehydroepiandrosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Both reversible and mechanism‐based inhibitions were examined. 7‐benzyloxyresorufin (BR) and 7‐benzyloxy‐4‐trifluoromethylcoumarin (BFC) were used as substrates for CYP3A, and diclofenac and tolbutamide (TB) as substrates for CYP2C. 7‐benzyloxyresorufin O‐dealkylase (BROD) activity was inhibited by all tested steroids in the microsomes from Landrace pigs via mechanism‐based mode, but in the microsomes from Duroc pigs, BROD activities were inhibited only in the presence of 17β‐oestradiol. Mechanism‐based inhibition of BFC metabolism by the tested steroids was observed in the microsomes from both breeds, but this inhibition was weak and did not exceed 20%. TB hydroxylase (TBOH) activity in the microsomes from Duroc pigs was inhibited by 17α‐oestradiol through the mechanism‐based mode of inhibition. None of the investigated steroids inhibited TBOH activity in Landrace pigs. For the in vivo study, male pigs were injected with a single dose of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to stimulate testicular steroid production by the Leydig cells. In vivo stimulation with hGC did not alter BROD activity either in Landrace or in Duroc pigs. BFC metabolism was significantly induced by hCG stimulation in both breeds and TBOH activity only in Duroc pigs. Activity of diclofenac hydroxylase was not detected in either Landrace or Duroc pigs. Breed significantly affected BROD and TBOH activity with BROD being higher in Landrace and TBOH in Duroc pigs. This study improved our understanding of the role of testicular steroids in the regulation of porcine CYP450 activity.
Design of occupational therapy on‐road test routes and related validity issues
Authors: Di Stefano Marilyn , Macdonald Wendy
Published: January 2012

Background/aim:  Specialist Occupational Therapy Driver Assessors and driver licensing authorities require on‐road assessment procedures that are both valid and reliable. Assessment validity may be influenced by both test route characteristics and driver characteristics. To address these issues, this study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of test routes used by Occupational Therapy Driver Assessors (including associated driving manoeuvres and traffic conditions) and to explore Occupational Therapy Driver Assessor views relating to on‐road assessment procedures.

Methods:  In‐depth interviews of 22 Occupational Therapy Driver Assessors were conducted; seven of the routes examined were in rural or regional locations. Supplementary information was obtained by observation of routes and review of Occupational Therapy Driver Assessors’ route documentation.

Results:  All Occupational Therapy Driver Assessors reported using a standard test route for clients seeking an open (i.e. not geographically restricted) licence. Compliance with professional guidelines reassessment procedures was very high for test items designated as compulsory, but more variable for those designated only as desirable. Differences between rural/regional vs. urban routes were noted, with those in rural/regional areas being less cognitively demanding.

Conclusions:  This study highlighted variation in route complexity between urban and rural locations. Whereas compliance with current professional guidelines for compulsory route items was very high, more detailed specification of standard route requirements is needed to improve the construct and content validity of assessments.
Striatal dopamine depletion in rats produces variable effects on contingency detection: task‐related influences
Authors: Braun Stephanie , Hauber Wolfgang
Published: January 2012

Dopamine (DA) depletion of the posterior dorsomedial striatum (pDMS) can impair the capability of rats to detect changes in the causal efficacy of actions. Here we sought to characterize in more detail the effects of pDMS DA depletions on contingency detection as a function of different contingency degradation training protocols. In experiment 1, sham controls and rats with pDMS DA depletions received limited contingency degradation training (4 days) that involved an invariable and high degree of degradation to one of two contingencies controlling instrumental choice behaviour. The results demonstrated that lesioned rats were insensitive to contingency manipulations both during contingency degradation training and in the subsequent extinction test. Experiment 2 further indicated that rats with pDMS DA depletion subjected to extended contingency degradation training (12 days) became sensitive to contingency manipulations during the training phase but not in the subsequent extinction test. In experiment 3, an extended but more complex contingency degradation training protocol (12 days) was used that involved a gradual shift from a low to an intermediate and a high degree of contingency degradation rather than a high and invariable degree of contingency degradation as in experiments 1 and 2. Notably, lesioned rats were sensitive to contingency manipulations both during the contingency degradation training phase and in the subsequent extinction test. Thus, pDMS DA depletions can impair the capability to detect changes in the causal efficacy of actions; however, the occurrence and pattern of impairments depend on the contingency degradation training protocol being used.
Dexmedetomidine vs midazolam for premedication of pediatric patients undergoing anesthesia
Authors: Akin Aynur , Bayram Adnan , Esmaoglu Aliye , Tosun Zeynep , Aksu Recep , Altuntas Resul , Boyaci Adem
Published: January 2012

Background:  Dexmedetomidine, an α2‐receptor agonist, provides sedation, analgesia, and anxiolytic effects, and these properties make it a potentially useful anesthetic premedication. In this study, we compared the effects of intranasal dexmedetomidine and midazolam on mask induction and preoperative sedation in pediatric patients.

Methods:  Ninety children classified as ASA physical status I, aged between 2 and 9, who were scheduled to undergo an elective adenotonsillectomy, were enrolled for a prospective, randomized, and double‐blind controlled trial. All of the children received intranasal medication approximately 45–60 min before the induction of anesthesia. Group M (n = 45) received 0.2 mg·kg−1 of intranasal midazolam, and Group D (n = 45) received 1 μg·kg−1 of intranasal dexmedetomidine. All of the patients were anesthetized with nitrous oxide, oxygen, and sevoflurane, administered via a face mask. The primary end point was satisfactory mask induction, and the secondary end points included satisfactory sedation upon separation from parents, hemodynamic change, postoperative analgesia, and agitation score at emergence.

Results:  Satisfactory mask induction was achieved by 82.2% of Group M and 60% of Group D (P = 0.01). There was no evidence of a difference between the groups in either sedation score (P = 0.36) or anxiety score (P = 0.56) upon separation from parents. The number of patients who required postoperative analgesia was higher in the midazolam group (P = 0.045).

Conclusion:  Intranasal dexmedetomidine and midazolam are equally effective in decreasing anxiety upon separation from parents; however, midazolam is superior in providing satisfactory conditions during mask induction.
Interactions of amylinergic and melanocortinergic systems in the control of food intake and body weight in rodents
Authors: Roth J. D. , D'Souza L. , Griffin P. S. , Athanacio J. , Trevaskis J. L. , Nazarbaghi R. , Jodka C. , Athanacio J. , Hoyt J. , Forood B. , Parkes D. G.
Published: January 2012

Aims: Amylinergic and melanocortinergic systems have each been implicated in energy balance regulation. We examined the interactive effects of both systems using gene knockout and pharmacological approaches.

Methods: Acute food consumption was measured in overnight fasted male wild‐type (WT) and melanocortin‐4 receptor (MC‐4R) deficient rats and in male and female WT and amylin knockout mice (AmyKO). Changes in food intake, body weight and composition in male WT and MC‐4R deficient rats and in male diet‐induced obese (DIO) rats. Pharmacological treatments included either rat amylin, murine leptin and/or the MC‐4R agonist, Ac‐R[CEH‐dF‐RWC]‐amide.

Results: Amylin (10 µg/kg, IP) decreased food intake in WT but not in MC‐4R deficient rats (30 and 60 min post‐injection). Ac‐R[CEH‐dF‐RWC]‐amide (100 µg/kg, IP) suppressed food intake similarly in male WT and AmyKO, but was ineffective in female AmyKO. Amylin (50 µg/kg/day for 28 days) and leptin (125 µg/kg/day) synergistically reduced food intake and body weight in WT and MC‐4R deficient rats to a similar extent. Amylin (100 µg/kg) combined with Ac‐R[CEH‐dF‐RWC]‐amide (100 µg/kg, IP) decreased acute food intake over 3 h to a greater extent than either agent alone in fasted mice. In DIO rats, additive anorexigenic, weight‐ and fat‐lowering effects were observed over 12 days with the combination of rat amylin (50 µg/kg/day) and Ac‐R[CEH‐dF‐RWC]‐amide (2.3 mg/kg, SC injected daily).

Conclusions: Although amylin's acute anorexigenic effects are somewhat blunted in MC‐4R deficiency and those of MC‐4R agonism in amylin deficiency, these effects are surmountable with pharmacological administration lending therapeutic potential to combined amylin/melanocortin agonism for obesity.
The determinants of cash holdings in private family firms
Authors: Steijvers Tensie , Niskanen Mervi
Published: January 2012

We present empirical evidence on traditional and family firm–specific determinants of cash holdings in the under‐researched context of private family firms. We examine, from an agency theoretic perspective, how and to what extent the relation between family firm management and cash holdings is moderated by the ownership structure. Results reveal that descendant CEOs appear to maintain higher cash holdings than founder CEOs. This effect seems to be stronger if there is a low ownership dispersion. Moreover, outside CEOs maintain higher cash holdings than family CEOs if the family firm is owned by a single owner.
GAAP, GFS and AASB 1049: perceptions of public sector stakeholders
Authors: Kober Ralph , Lee Janet , Ng Juliana
Published: January 2012

Efforts by Australian standard‐setters to harmonise public sector financial reporting resulted in AASB 1049, which sought to bridge the divide between generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP)‐based and government finance statistics (GFS)‐based financial statements. However, whether AASB 1049 has resulted in information that is considered appropriate for the public sector has not been examined. We explore this issue by comparing the requirements of AASB 1049 with the responses from a survey of public sector stakeholders on the appropriate accounting treatment and presentation of selected financial items. The analysis suggests consensus with AASB 1049 on presentation issues but less consensus on accounting treatments.
Ethnic Enclaves, Networks and Self‐Employment among Middle Eastern Immigrants in Sweden
Authors: Andersson Lina , Hammarstedt Mats
Published: January 2012

The proportion of immigrants from countries in the Middle East living in Sweden has increased since the 1970s, and it is a well‐known fact that immigrants from the Middle East suffer from low earnings and high rates of unemployment on the Swedish labour market. There are often great hopes that self‐employment will enable immigrants to improve their labour market situation. Further, in Sweden as in many other countries, the question of whether the existence of ethnic enclaves are good or bad for immigrants’ earnings and employment opportunities has also been widely debated. This paper presents a study of the extent to which Middle Eastern ethnic enclaves and networks in Sweden enhance or hinder immigrants’ self‐employment. The results show that the presence of ethnic enclaves increases the propensity for self‐employment. Thus, immigrants in ethnic enclaves provide their co‐ethnics with goods and services that Swedish natives are not able to provide. The results also show that ethnic networks seem to be an obstacle to immigrant self‐employment. One explanation is that an increase in network size implies increased competition for customers among self‐employed immigrants. The question of whether ethnic enclaves are good or bad for the integration of immigrants into the labour market has been widely debated. The results of this paper provide us with information about the integration puzzle. Ethnic enclaves seem to enhance self‐employment propensities among Middle Eastern immigrants in Sweden.
Reliability of the rectus femoris muscle cross‐sectional area measurements by ultrasonography
Authors: e Lima Kelly M. M. , da Matta Thiago T. , de Oliveira Liliam F.
Published: January 2012

The skeletal muscle system can adapt to an external stimulus from either physiological or pathological conditions. This plasticity is measured by imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound. The anatomical cross‐sectional area of a muscle is one of the muscle architecture parameters that relates to the maximum muscle strength. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of anatomical cross‐sectional area rectus femoris measurements, obtained by ultrasound, with two different protocols. Acquisition of four anatomical cross‐sectional area images of the right rectus femoris in two distinct regions (15 cm above the patella and 50% of the thigh length) was performed in 2 days, from a group of 15 young healthy subjects. The cross‐sectional area of each image was measured five times. The reliability of the anatomical cross‐sectional area measures was determined by the coefficient of variation (CV), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and typical error of measurement (TEM). In each protocol, there were no significant differences between the means of anatomical cross‐sectional area in measurements, images and days (P>0·05). The CVs were 8·53% and 8·9%, the ICCs 0·88 and 0·87 and the TEMs 65·59 and 94·25 between the 2 days in the regions of 15 cm and 50% of the thigh length, respectively. The average values of the cross‐sectional area at 50% of the thigh length were significantly higher than those for at 15 cm above the patella (P<0·001). The measurement of rectus femoris anatomical cross‐sectional area by ultrasound proved reliable.
Family presence during resuscitation: a descriptive study of nurses' attitudes from two Saudi hospitals
Authors: Al‐Mutair Abbas S , Plummer Virginia , Copnell Beverley
Published: January 2012

Background: The presence of family in the patient care area during resuscitation events is a matter of current debate among health care professionals in many communities. Family presence is highly recommended by many health organizations worldwide for several reasons including patient and family rights. There are no policies or guidelines in Saudi Arabia to guide health professionals in their practice regarding the option of family being present during resuscitations. The purpose of this study was to identify the attitudes of nurses towards family presence during resuscitation in the Muslim community of Saudi Arabia.

Design: This is a descriptive survey using data from a convenience sample of 132 nurses using a self‐administered questionnaire. The study took place in two major trauma centres in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia.

Results: The analysis of the data revealed that nurses (n = 132) had negative attitudes towards family presence during resuscitation. A high percentage (77·2%) agreed that witnessing resuscitation is a traumatic experience for the family members. Almost all participants (92·3%) disagreed with the statement that the practice of allowing family members to be present during the resuscitation of a loved one would benefit the patient and 78% disagreed with the statement that it would benefit families. The majority of the participants (65%) revealed that the presence of family would negatively affect the performance of the resuscitation team. However, almost half of the sample (43·8%) would prefer a written policy allowing the option of family presence during resuscitation in Saudi Arabia.

Conclusion: The findings of the study strongly suggest the need for the development of written policies offering families the option to remain with patients during resuscitation in Saudi Arabia. The study further recommends the development of education programs for staff and public for the safe implementation of the practice.
Microstructures of melt inclusions in anatectic metasedimentary rocks
Authors: FERRERO S. , BARTOLI O. , CESARE B. , SALVIOLI‐MARIANI E. , ACOSTA‐VIGIL A. , CAVALLO A. , GROPPO C. , BATTISTON S.
Published: January 2012

The occurrence of crystallized and glassy melt inclusions (MI) in high‐grade, partially melted metapelites and metagraywackes has opened up new possibilities to investigate anatectic processes. The present study focuses on three case studies: khondalites from the Kerala Khondalite Belt (India), the Ronda migmatites (Spain), and the Barun Gneiss (Nepal Himalaya). The results of a detailed microstructural investigation are reported, along with some new microchemical data on the bulk composition of MI. These inclusions were trapped within peritectic garnet and ilmenite during crystal growth and are therefore primary inclusions. They are generally isometric and very small in size, mostly ≤15 μm, and only rarely reaching 30 μm; they occur in clusters. In most cases inclusions are crystallized (‘nanogranites’) and contain a granitic phase assemblage with quartz, feldspar and one or two mica depending on the particular case study, commonly with accessory phases (mainly zircon, apatite, rutile). In many cases the polycrystalline aggregates that make up the nanogranites show igneous microstructures, e.g. granophyric intergrowths, micrographic quartz in K‐feldspar and cuneiform rods of quartz in plagioclase. Further evidence for the former presence of melt within the investigated inclusions consists of melt pseudomorphs, similar to those recognized at larger scale in the host migmatites. Moreover, partially crystallized inclusions are locally abundant and together with very small (≤8 μm) glassy inclusions may occur in the same clusters. Both crystallized and partially crystallized inclusions often display a diffuse nanoporosity, which may contain fluids, depending on the case study. After entrapment, inclusions underwent limited microstructural modifications, such as shape maturation, local necking down processes, and decrepitation (mainly in the Barun Gneiss), which did not influence their bulk composition. Re‐homogenized nanogranites and glassy inclusions show a leucogranitic and peraluminous composition, consistent with the results of partial melting experiments on metapelites and metagraywackes. Anatectic MI should therefore be considered as a new and important opportunity to understand the partial melting processes.
A Double‐blind, Randomized, Prospective Study of Epidural Steroid Injection vs. The mild® Procedure in Patients with Symptomatic Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Brown Lora L.
Published: January 2012

Background:  Epidural steroid injections (ESIs) are commonly used to treat low back pain, including symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Reports on LSS treatment with ESIs have not differentiated between neurogenic claudication, which is believed to result from nerve root compression, and lumbar radicular pain, thought to be caused by inflammation. While there is overlap between these groups, the clinical relevance of ESI treatment cannot be generalized between these 2 distinct diseases with completely different pathophysiological causes.

Methods:  This was a double‐blind, randomized, prospective study of ESI vs. the mild procedure in patients with symptomatic LSS, conducted at a single pain management center. Patient reported outcome measures included Visual Analog Scale, Oswestry Disability Index, and Zurich Claudication Questionnaire (ZCQ) patient satisfaction.

Results:  Thirty‐eight patients were randomized into 2 treatment groups, 21 in mild and 17 in ESI. At 6‐ and 12‐week follow‐up, patients treated with mild reported significantly greater pain decrease over time (P < 0.0001), and significantly greater functional mobility improvement over time (P < 0.0018) than ESI patients. At week 6, mild ZCQ patient satisfaction score of 2.2 indicated a higher level of satisfaction than for ESI with a score of 2.8. In addition, 12‐week ZCQ satisfaction score was 1.8, demonstrating sustained near‐term satisfaction in the mild group. No major mild or ESI device or procedure‐related complications were reported.

Conclusions:  This study demonstrated that in LSS patients suffering with neurogenic claudication, mild provides statistically significantly better pain reduction and improved functional mobility vs. treatment with ESI.
“Everybody's Teaching and Everybody's Learning”: Photovoice and Youth Counseling
Authors: Smith Laura , Bratini Lucinda , Appio Lauren M.
Published: January 2012

Social justice initiatives within counseling practice have led to calls for interventions that promote critical consciousness and connect youth to their communities. Photovoice projects, which fall under the heading of youth participatory action research, represent promising vehicles for this work. The authors suggest that photovoice activities have a place within the framework of developmental youth counseling programming and present an overview of a photovoice project conducted in collaboration with a community‐based organization.
Life Design: A Paradigm for Career Intervention in the 21st Century
Authors: Savickas Mark L.
Published: January 2012

A new paradigm is implicit within the constructivist and narrative methods for career intervention that have emerged in the 21st century. This article makes that general pattern explicit by abstracting its key elements from the specific instances that substantiate the new conceptual model. The paradigm for life design interventions constructs career through small stories, reconstructs the stories into a life portrait, and coconstructs intentions that advance the career story into a new episode.
A Discriminant Analysis of Gender and Counselor Professional Identity Development
Authors: Healey Amanda C. , Hays Danica G.
Published: January 2012

This quantitative study examined professional identity development and orientation for 489 counseling practitioners, educators, and trainees as predicted by participant‐identified sex and engagement in professional activities. Differences between male and female participants regarding aspects of professional identity were evaluated. Discriminant analysis results indicate sex differences in professional identity development. Additional regression analysis revealed a significant predictive relationship between professional engagement and professional identity orientation and development.
Elevated expression of cav‐1 in a subset of SSc fibroblasts contributes to constitutive Alk1/Smad1 activation
Authors: Haines Paul , Hant Faye N. , Lafyatis Robert , Trojanowska Maria , Bujor Andreea M.
Published: January 2012

Previous studies have shown that the transforming growth factor (TGF)β/Alk1/Smad1 signaling pathway is constitutively activated in a subset of systemic sclerosis (SSc) fibroblasts and this pathway is a critical regulator of CCN2 gene expression. Caveolin‐1 (cav‐1), an integral membrane protein and the main component of caveolae, has also been implicated in SSc pathogenesis. This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of caveolin‐1 in Smad1 signaling and CCN2 expression in healthy and SSc dermal fibroblasts. We show that a significant subset of SSc dermal fibroblasts has up‐regulated cav‐1 expression in vitro, and that cav‐1 up‐regulation correlates with constitutive Smad1 phosphorylation. In addition, basal levels of phospho‐Smad1 were down‐regulated after inhibition of cav‐1 in SSc dermal fibroblasts. Caveolin‐1 formed a protein complex with Alk1 in dermal fibroblasts, and this association was enhanced by TGFβ. By using siRNA against cav‐1 and adenoviral cav‐1 overexpression we demonstrate that activation of Smad1 in response to TGFβ requires cav‐1 and that cav‐1 is sufficient for Smad‐1 phosphorylation. We also show that cav‐1 is a positive regulator of CCN2 gene expression, and that it is required for the basal and TGFβ‐induced CCN2 levels. In conclusion, this study has revealed an important role of cav‐1 in mediating TGFβ/Smad1 signaling and CCN2 gene expression in healthy and SSc dermal fibroblasts.
So how do you see our teaching? Some observations received from past and present students at the Maurice Wohl Dental Centre
Authors: Davies B. , Leung A. , Dunne S.
Published: January 2012

This study explores student perceptions of clinical teaching delivered at the Maurice Wohl Dental Centre, King’s College London Dental Institute. An on‐line survey together with two paper‐based questionnaires were used to invite three immediate past cohorts of final‐year dental students to reflect and comment on their experiences during their year of attendance. Supporting data from current student focus group and face‐to‐face interviews were also included in the study. The principal findings from these triangulated methodologies were that the overwhelming majority of students felt they got on very well with their teachers. The development of a positive professional relationship with the teacher appeared to motivate students to work better. Teaching thought to be overly didactic and authoritarian would not be well received. The principal teaching style identified at the Centre was considered to be supportive and nurturing, encouraging a self‐motivated and reflective approach to clinical practice.
Detection and quantification of monomers in unstimulated whole saliva after treatment with resin‐based composite fillings in vivo
Authors: Michelsen Vibeke B. , Kopperud Hilde B. M. , Lygre Gunvor B. , Björkman Lars , Jensen Einar , Kleven Inger S. , Svahn Johanna , Lygre Henning
Published: January 2012

Michelsen VB, Kopperud HBM, Lygre GB, Björkman L, Jensen E, Kleven IS, Svahn J, Lygre H. Detection and quantification of monomers in unstimulated whole saliva after treatment with resin‐based composite fillings in vivo.
 
Eur J Oral Sci 2012; 120: 89–95. © 2012 Eur J Oral Sci

Resin‐based dental restorative materials contain allergenic methacrylate monomers, which may be released into saliva after restorative treatment. Monomers from resin‐based composite materials have been demonstrated in saliva in vitro; however, studies analyzing saliva after restorative therapy are scarce. The aim of this study was to quantify methacrylate monomers in saliva after treatment with a resin‐based composite filling material. Saliva was collected from 10 patients at four start points – before treatment, and 10 min, 24 h, and 7 d after treatment – and analysed by combined chromatography/mass spectrometry. The monomers bisphenol‐A diglycidyl methacrylate (Bis‐GMA), 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) were detected and quantified in the samples collected shortly (10 min) after treatment. The amounts detected ranged from 0.028 to 9.65 μg ml−1 for Bis‐GMA, from 0.015 to 0.19 μg ml−1 for HEMA, and from 0.004 to 1.2 μg ml−1 for UDMA. Triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) was detected in four of the samples. Ethoxylated bisphenol‐A dimethacrylate (Bis‐EMA) was not detected. Monomers were not detected in saliva samples collected before treatment, or 24 h or 7 d after treatment, with the exception of one sample, 24 h after treatment, in which HEMA was detected. In conclusion, monomers from the investigated resin‐based composite and adhesive system were present in saliva shortly after treatment. One week after treatment, no monomers could be detected in patients’ saliva samples.
Applicability of the Dual‐Domain Model to Nonaggregated Porous Media
Authors: Liu Yuan , Kitanidis Peter K.
Published: January 2012

More theoretical analysis is needed to investigate why a dual‐domain model often works better than the classical advection‐dispersion (AD) model in reproducing observed breakthrough curves for relatively homogeneous porous media, which do not contain distinct dual domains. Pore‐scale numerical experiments presented here reveal that hydrodynamics create preferential flow paths that occupy a small part of the domain but where most of the flow takes place. This creates a flow‐dependent configuration, where the total domain consists of a mobile and an immobile domain. Mass transfer limitations may result in nonequilibrium, or significant differences in concentration, between the apparent mobile and immobile zones. When the advection timescale is smaller than the diffusion timescale, the dual‐domain mass transfer (DDMT) model better captures the tailing in the breakthrough curve. Moreover, the model parameters (mobile porosity, mean solute velocity, dispersivity, and mass transfer coefficient) demonstrate nonlinear dependency on mean fluid velocity. The studied case also shows that when the Peclet number, Pe, is large enough, the mobile porosity approaches a constant, and the mass transfer coefficient can be approximated as proportional to mean fluid velocity. Based on detailed analysis at the pore scale, this paper provides a physical explanation why these model parameters vary in certain ways with Pe. In addition, to improve prediction in practical applications, we recommend conducting experiments for parameterization of the DDMT model at a velocity close to that of the relevant field sites, or over a range of velocities that may allow a better parameterization.
Age‐ and limb‐related differences in the vasoconstrictor response to limb dependency are not mediated by a sympathetic mechanism in humans
Authors: Snyder K. A. M. , Shamimi‐Noori S. , Wilson T. E. , Monahan K. D.
Published: January 2012

Aims

We tested the hypotheses that vasoconstrictor responses to limb dependency are: (i) greater in the leg than the arm, (ii) impaired with age and (iii) not sympathetically mediated.

Methods

Vascular responses to limb dependency (i.e. lowering the limb from heart level to 30 cm below heart level) were determined in 17 young and 17 older adults. Indices of blood flow were obtained in the brachial and popliteal arteries (Doppler ultrasound) as well as in the cutaneous circulation (forearm and calf using laser‐Doppler flowmetry). Vasoconstriction was quantified by calculating the indices of vascular resistance as height corrected mean arterial pressure/limb blood velocity or skin flux. A second group of subjects repeated the limb dependency trials after acute systemic sympathetic blockade.

Results

Limb dependency increased vascular resistance index in the brachial artery (∆59 ± 8%; P < 0.05) and popliteal artery (∆99 ± 10%; P < 0.05 for change in heart level and brachial vs. popliteal) of young and older adults (∆60 + 9% brachial and ∆61 ± 7% popliteal arteries; P < 0.05 for change in heart level and response in popliteal young vs. older adults). In contrast, cutaneous vasoconstrictor responses to limb dependency were similar in the forearm (∆218 ± 29% and ∆200 ± 29% for young and older adults, respectively) and calf (∆257 ± 32% and ∆236 ± 29%; all P < 0.05 from heart level) of young and older adults. Vasoconstrictor responses to limb dependency were not affected by sympathetic blockade in young or older adults.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that age‐, limb‐, and tissue‐related differences may exist in the vasoconstrictor response to limb dependency in healthy humans, which are not sympathetically mediated.
Mandated justice: The potential promise and possible pitfalls of mandating procedural justice in the workplace
Authors: Feldman Yuval , Tyler Tom R.
Published: January 2012

This study addresses the question of whether and how legal authorities ought to intervene in work organizations in order to most effectively regulate the behavior of employees. This question is examined empirically, by exploring whether the association between the level of fairness employees experience in procedures regarding pay and benefits, and their adherence to workplace rules, differs depending upon whether those procedures are enacted by companies voluntarily or mandated by law. This question was addressed using both a survey of a representative sample of employees in Israel, as well as their reactions to an experimental vignette. The results generally suggest that evaluations of the procedural justice of performance appraisal hearings more strongly influenced judgments of overall workplace fairness, perceptions of management legitimacy, and employee rule‐adherence behavior when employees believed fairer workplace procedures were required by law.
The Circadian Control of Skin and Cutaneous Photodamage†
Authors: Desotelle Joshua A. , Wilking Melissa J. , Ahmad Nihal
Published: January 2012

Biologically, light including ultraviolet (UV) radiation is vital for life. However, UV exposure does not come without risk, as it is a major factor in the development of skin cancer. Natural protections against UV damage may have been affected by lifestyle changes over the past century, including changes in our sun exposure due to working environments, and the use of sunscreens. In addition, extended “day time” through the use of artificial light may contribute to the disruption of our circadian rhythms; the daily cycles of changes in critical bio‐factors including gene expression. Circadian disruption has been implicated in many health conditions, including cardiovascular, metabolic and psychiatric diseases, as well as many cancers. Interestingly, the pineal hormone melatonin plays a role in both circadian regulation as well as protection from UV skin damage, and is therefore an important factor to consider when studying the impact of UV light. This review discusses the beneficial and deleterious effects of solar exposure, including UV skin damage, Vitamin D production, circadian rhythm disruption and the impact of melatonin. Understanding these benefits and risks is critical for the development of protective strategies against solar radiation.
Tualang Honey Protects Keratinocytes from Ultraviolet Radiation‐Induced Inflammation and DNA Damage†
Authors: Ahmad Israr , Jimenez Hugo , Yaacob Nik Soriani , Yusuf Nabiha
Published: January 2012

Malaysian tualang honey possesses strong antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. Here, we evaluated the effect of tualang honey on early biomarkers of photocarcinogenesis employing PAM212 mouse keratinocyte cell line. Keratinocytes were treated with tualang honey (1.0%, v/v) before a single UVB (150 mJ cm−2) irradiation. We found that the treatment of tualang honey inhibited UVB‐induced DNA damage, and enhanced repair of UVB‐mediated formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine. Treatment of tualang honey inhibited UVB‐induced nuclear translocation of NF‐κB and degradation of IκBα in murine keratinocyte cell line. The treatment of tualang honey also inhibited UVB‐induced inflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression. Furthermore, the treatment of tualang honey inhibited UVB‐induced COX‐2 expression and PGE2 production. Taken together, we provide evidence that the treatment of tualang honey to keratinocytes affords substantial protection from the adverse effects of UVB radiation via modulation in early biomarkers of photocarcinogenesis and provide suggestion for its photochemopreventive potential.
Long‐Term Efficacy and Safety of Triple‐Combination Therapy With Olmesartan Medoxomil and Amlodipine Besylate and Hydrochlorothiazide for Hypertension
Authors: Kereiakes Dean J. , Chrysant Steven G. , Izzo Joseph L. , Littlejohn Thomas , Oparil Suzanne , Melino Michael , Lee James , Fernandez Victor , Heyrman Reinilde
Published: January 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;14:149–157. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Most patients with hypertension require combination therapy in order to achieve blood pressure (BP) goals. This 40‐week open‐label extension of the 12‐week double‐blind Triple Therapy With Olmesartan Medoxomil, Amlodipine, and Hydrochlorothiazide in Hypertensive Patients Study (TRINITY) evaluated the efficacy and safety of triple‐combination treatments with olmesartan medoxomil, amlodipine besylate, and hydrochlorothiazide (OM/AML/HCTZ) in 2112 participants with moderate to severe hypertension. Following 2 weeks of initial treatment with OM 40/AML 5/HCTZ 12.5 mg, participants not achieving BP goal were titrated to OM 40/AML 5/HCTZ 25 mg or OM 40/AML 10/HCTZ 12.5 mg on a randomized basis. At week 16, participants who did not achieve BP goal were further titrated to OM 40/AML 10/HCTZ 25 mg. At the end of the study, 44.5% to 79.8% of participants reached BP goal and the mean BP decreased from 168.6/100.7 mm Hg (baseline BP at randomization) to 125.0 to 136.8 mm Hg/77.8 to 82.5 mm Hg, depending on treatment. Long‐term treatment with OM/AML/HCTZ was well tolerated and effective with no new safety concerns.
Oral vascular malformation in a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: a case report
Authors: Hopp Renato Nicolás , de Siqueira Douglas Cardoso , Sena‐Filho Marcondes , Jorge Jacks
Published: January 2012

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an inherited mucocutaneous disease characterized by recurrent epistaxis, lesions on skin and oral mucosa, and arteriovenous malformations of the soft tissues.

This article describes the treatment of a 64‐year‐old woman with a bleeding nodule, which was diagnosed as an arteriovenous malformation of the gingival mucosa. She was treated using sclerotherapy. Patients with HHT can be treated in the dental office and vascular malformations of these patients can be successfully managed with sclerotherapy, which eliminates the need for invasive surgical procedures and the possibility of postsurgical complications.
Strategies for Collaboration in the Interdisciplinary Field of Emerging Zoonotic Diseases
Authors: Anholt R. M. , Stephen C. , Copes R.
Published: January 2012

The integration of the veterinary, medical and environmental sciences necessary to predict, prevent or respond to emerging zoonotic diseases requires effective collaboration and exchange of knowledge across these disciplines. There has been no research into how to connect and integrate these professions in the pursuit of a common task. We conducted a literature search looking at the experiences and wisdom resulting from collaborations built in health partnerships, health research knowledge transfer and exchange, business knowledge management and systems design engineering to identify key attributes of successful interdisciplinary (ID) collaboration. This was followed by a workshop with 16 experts experienced in ID collaboration including physicians, veterinarians and biologists from private practice, academia and government agencies. The workshop participants shared their perspectives on the facilitators and barriers to ID collaboration. Our results found that the elements that can support or impede ID collaboration can be categorized as follows: the characteristics of the people, the degree to which the task is a shared goal, the policies, practices and resources of the workplace, how information technology is used and the evaluation of the results. Above all, personal relationships built on trust and respect are needed to best assemble the disciplinary strength of the professions. The challenge of meeting collaborators outside the boundaries of one’s discipline or jurisdiction may be met by an independent third party, an ID knowledge broker. The broker would know where the knowledge could be found, would facilitate introductions and would help to build effective ID teams.