bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation modeling of highway collapse hazard based on rough set and support vector machine
Authors: He Hujun , Quan Guorong , Zhu Haolei , Li Wei , Xing Rui , Zhao Yichen
Published: November 2022

The prediction of possibility and risk classification of collapse is an important issue in the process of highway construction in mountain area. Based on the principle of rough set and support vector machine, a landslide hazard prediction model was established. First of all, according to field investigation, an evaluation index system and a sample set of evaluation index data were established, the rough set decision table was constructed by preprocessing the original data based on the function classification of standard evaluation index, and then, the influence indexes of the collapse activity were reduced by rough set theory, and the main 9 indexes affecting the collapse activity as the key discriminant factors of support vector machine model, namely slope shape of slope, aspect of slope, slope of slope, height of slope, exposed structural face, stratum lithology, relationship between weakness face and free face, vegetation cover rate and weathering degree of rock were extracted. Then, taking the data of 13 post earthquake collapses in Yingxiu-Wolong highway of Hanchuan County measured by the authors in the field as training samples, the optimal model parameters were analyzed and calculated. When the penalty parameter $$C$$
C
is 8 and the kernel parameter $$\sigma$$
σ
is 0.5, the correct rate of cross-validation is 100%, and the model is optimal. At last, 4 other landslide data were tested, the discriminant results of the test sample data were compared with the results obtained by uncertainty measure and distance discriminant analysis. The results show that the discriminant results of the test sample data by RS-SVM were consistent with the results obtained by uncertainty measure and distance discriminant analysis, the accurate rate is 100%. The collapse hazard analysis model based on rough set and support vector machine can reduce the computation while ensuring the accuracy of evaluation, and better solve the small sample and nonlinear problems, can provide certain a good idea for collapse hazard evaluation in the future.
Frequency of the winter temperature extremes over Siberia dominated by the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
Authors: Wang Huan , Zuo Zhiyan , Qiao Liang , Zhang Kaiwen , Sun Cheng , Xiao Dong , Lin Zouxing , Bu Lulei , Zhang Ruonan
Published: November 2022

Widespread observed and projected increases in warm extremes, along with decreases in cold extremes, have been confirmed as being consistent with global and regional warming. Here we disclosed that the decadal variation in the frequency of the surface air temperature (SAT) extremes over Siberia in winter was primarily dominated by the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) rather than anthropogenic forcing. The stronger AMOC induced more warm and cold extremes through increasing the variance of winter SAT over Siberia while the direct effect of external forcings, especially anthropogenic greenhouse gases, had little impact on the summation of warm and cold extremes due to equivalent effects on the increases in warm extremes and decreases in cold extremes. The possible mechanism can be deduced that the stronger AMOC stimulated the propagation of the wave train originated in the North Atlantic Ocean, across mid- to high latitudes, thereby increasing the variabilities in the circulations over the Ural blocking region and Siberia, which are critical to the SAT extremes there.
Identification of novel prognostic and predictive biomarkers in salivary duct carcinoma via comprehensive molecular profiling
Authors: Kohsaka Shinji , Tada Yuichiro , Ando Mizuo , Nakaguro Masato , Shirai Yukina , Ueno Toshihide , Kojima Shinya , Hirai Hideaki , Saigusa Natsuki , Kano Satoshi , Tsukahara Kiyoaki , Togashi Takafumi , Ozawa Hiroyuki , Kondo Takahito , Okami Kenji , Takahashi Hideaki , Kawakita Daisuke , Fushimi Chihiro , Suzuki Takayoshi , Shimizu Akira , Okamoto Isaku , Okada Takuro , Sato Yuichiro , Imanishi Yorihisa , Watanabe Yoshihiro , Sakai Akihiro , Ebisumoto Koji , Sato Yukiko , Urano Makoto , Honma Yoshitaka , Yamazaki Keisuke , Ueki Yushi , Hanazawa Toyoyuki , Saito Yuki , Shimura Tomotaka , Nagao Toshitaka , Mano Hiroyuki
Published: November 2022

Molecular targets and predictive biomarkers for prognosis in salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) have not been fully identified. We conducted comprehensive molecular profiling to discover novel biomarkers for SDC. A total of 67 SDC samples were examined with DNA sequencing of 464 genes and transcriptome analysis in combination with the clinicopathological characteristics of the individuals. Prognostic biomarkers associated with response to combined androgen blockade (CAB) treatment were explored using mRNA expression data from 27 cases. Oncogenic mutations in receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) genes or genes in the MAPK pathway were identified in 55 cases (82.1%). Alterations in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway were identified in 38 cases (56.7%). Interestingly, patient prognosis could be predicted using mRNA expression profiles, but not genetic mutation profiles. The risk score generated from the expression data of a four-gene set that includes the ADAMTS1, DSC1, RNF39, and IGLL5 genes was a significant prognostic marker for overall survival in the cohort (HR = 5.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.73–13.1, p = 7.8 × 10−6). Another risk score constructed from the expression of CD3E and LDB3 was a strong prognostic marker for progression-free survival for CAB treatment (p = 0.03). Mutations in RTK genes, MAPK pathway genes, and PI3K/AKT pathway genes likely represent key mutations in SDC tumorigenesis. The gene expression profiles identified in this study may be useful for stratifying patients who are good candidates for CAB treatment and may benefit from additional systemic therapies.
Improved winter data coverage of the Southern Ocean CO2 sink from extrapolation of summertime observations
Authors: Mackay Neill , Watson Andrew J. , Suntharalingam Parvada , Chen Zhaohui , Landschützer Peter
Published: November 2022

The Southern Ocean is an important sink of anthropogenic CO2, but it is among the least well-observed ocean basins, and consequentially substantial uncertainties in the CO2 flux reconstruction exist. A recent attempt to address historically sparse wintertime sampling produced ‘pseudo’ wintertime observations of surface pCO2 using subsurface summertime observations south of the Antarctic Polar Front. Here, we present an estimate of the Southern Ocean CO2 sink that combines a machine learning-based mapping method with an updated set of pseudo observations that increases regional wintertime data coverage by 68% compared with the historical dataset. Our results confirm the suggestion that improved winter coverage has a modest impact on the reconstruction, slightly strengthening the uptake trend in the 2000s. After also adjusting for surface boundary layer temperature effects, we find a 2004-2018 mean sink of −0.16 ± 0.07 PgC yr−1 south of the Polar Front and −1.27 ± 0.23 PgC yr−1 south of 35°S, consistent with independent estimates from atmospheric data.
Basic Aspects and Properties of Biopolymers
Authors: Mazuki N. F. , Saadiah M. A. , Fuzlin A. F. , Khan N. M. , Samsudin A. S.
Published: November 2022

The consumption of nutritious foods is claimed to confer health benefits and wellness to human beings. The increasing awareness about nutritional needs and health benefits has attracted the attention of researchers, food and drug producers, distributors, health care professionals, and consumers in designing nutraceuticals and functional food products. However, these nutraceuticals and functional food products are hampered by chemical instability, limited solubility in an aqueous medium, and experience fast metabolism that could lead to poor oral bioavailability. These limitations could be overcome by using appropriate biopolymers and assembly methods to encapsulate the bioactive compounds and help to protect the nutraceuticals and functional food products from undesired interactions. Therefore, various attempts have been explored to apply different sources and types of biopolymers as potent ingredients due to their remarkable therapeutic potential. The manufacture and design of these biopolymers must be done in a careful manner to achieve the final products’ desired functional attributes. Researchers must try to meet the requirements of specific basic properties such as physicochemical stability, functional and structural properties, optical and rheological properties, encapsulation, and release properties. Herein, this chapter provides a comprehensive discussion on the design and fabrication of functional biopolymers as a potent substitute in the production of functional food products and nutraceuticals.
Food-grade Biopolymers as Platforms for Nutrient Delivery
Authors: Zambrano-Zaragoza M. L. , Mendoza-Muñoz N. , Urbán-Morlán Z. , Quintanar-Guerrero D. , Leyva-Gómez G.
Published: November 2022

Biopolymers are sequences of monomers produced by biological systems or synthesized from biological starting materials with at least a significant proportion of components produced by living organisms. Some biopolymers have existed since before the beginning of humanity, but Henry Ford in the 1940s industrialized soy plastic to make various car parts. The increase in biopolymer applications in food dates from the past decade. New lifestyle trends, climate change, and population growth all demand new strategies in the cultivation, processing, and packaging of foods. Food-grade biopolymers as platforms for nutrient delivery offer added value for the conservation and nutritional quality of many food types by increasing yields, extending post-harvest shelf-life, and balancing food distribution at lower costs. This chapter begins with a general description of the classification of the main biopolymers in foods: proteins, polysaccharides, and natural gums. Later, we analyze proteins and polysaccharides as delivery systems of nutrients, mentioning selection criteria, functional properties, and food interaction, as well as examples of applications. The second part addresses dosage forms as nutrient carriers, with a special section on modeling nutrient delivery from biopolymer platforms. Finally, we reflect on future trends and mention new topics of interest and potential targets for research.
Potential of Biobased Technologies in Nutraceuticals for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Egea Mariana Buranelo , Campos Stephani Borges , Martins Letícia Caroline Gomes , Guariglia Bruna Ariel Dias , Oliveira Ana Carolina de Jesus , dos Anjos Brandão Amanda , Fernandes Ana Carolina Xavier Pereira de Maria , Couto Larissa Silva , Dusi Carolina Faria de Souza , Silva Ana Luiza Araújo da , dos Santos Daiane Costa , Filho Josemar Gonçalves de Oliveira , Lemes Ailton Cesar
Published: November 2022

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Although advances have taken place, mainly in relation to diagnosis, care, and preventive tools, the number of cases has been increasing. Plants are important sources of secondary metabolites, such as antimicrobial, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer compounds. Several studies have revealed that bioactive compounds from plants have proven to have potential anti-cancer activity against a wide range of cancer cells, being considered a rich source of natural compounds with anti-cancer properties. Bioactive compounds from plants can interact with all biological systems currently identified as responsible for tumor development. Furthermore, these compounds can act by inducing cell death through the process of apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis, which in turn regulate the metabolic networks of cells against uncontrolled cell division. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the main classes of bioactive compounds, the beneficial effect of these compounds in primary cancer prevention, and their potential mechanisms of action.
Biopolymer-based Food Additives and their Uses
Authors: Herath H. M. N. A. , Gamage D. A. S. , Madhujith T.
Published: November 2022

Biopolymers are polymers of monomeric units derived from either biological systems or living organisms such as plants, animals, and microorganisms. Depending on the distinct functional groups present in the chemical structure of biopolymers, they can be generally categorized into three groups namely polysaccharides, proteins, and polynucleotides. Thus, biopolymers have great economic importance due to the presence of diverse functional groups such as hydroxyl, amino, amide, carboxylic, phosphate, and phenolic, among others in the molecular structure of the biopolymers. The key focus of this chapter is the significance of biopolymer-based food additives in the food processing industry. The main areas of interest are chemical and physicochemical characterization of biopolymer-based food additives, their rheological properties including viscosity, Newtonian and non-Newtonian behavior and gelation behavior, their interfacial properties including stabilization and emulsification of food systems, and their applications in the food industry as functional food additives.
Nanotechnology-based Formulation for Alternative Medicines and Natural Products: An Introduction with Clinical Studies
Authors: Ekrami Mohammad , Ekrami Ali , Esmaeily Rezvan , Emam-Djomeh Zahra
Published: November 2022

The majority of the world's population uses alternative medicines and natural products. To achieve the targeted therapeutic goal for the medicinal product, the active medicament must be given at an appropriate dose and rate. Nanotechnology-based formulations have provided a platform for improving medications by including new sources and carrier systems that traditional formulations could not incorporate. Appropriate biopharmaceutic formulations can change the extent and rate of bioavailability or the systemic distribution of medicines in the body from complete and fast absorption to prolonged and gradual absorption, depending on the preferred regard for the benefits. Antioxidant, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anticancer, and other characteristics are crucial in alternative treatments and natural products. Despite their therapeutic potential, the use of these beneficial compounds is restricted due to their low solubility, stability, bioavailability, and gastrointestinal degradation, all of which reduce the biological activity. Nanotechnology-based formulations have been presented as adaptable assemblies to circumvent the limits of alternative medicines and natural products. This chapter reviews the features of nanotechnology-based formulations for alternative medicines and natural products, as well as an introduction to their clinical use and limitations.
Screening of polymer types and chemical weathering in macro- and meso-plastics found on lake and river beaches using a combined chemometric approach
Authors: Nayrac Nicolas , Bellenger Jean-Philippe , Segura Pedro A.
Published: November 2022

Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis of preprocessed FTIR spectra could be used for fast screening of polymer type and weathering in environmental plastic samples.
A self-delivery photodynamic sensitizer for enhanced DNA damage by PARP inhibition
Authors: Kong Ren-Jiang , Li Xin-Yu , Huang Jia-Qi , Zhou Xiang , Deng Fu-An , Li Yan-Mei , Liu Ling-Shan , Li Shi-Ying , Cheng Hong
Published: November 2022

Self-delivery photodynamic sensitizer is developed via the self-assembly of a photosensitizer and an inhibitor of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which enhances oxidative damage in tumor by blocking DNA repair pathway through PARP inhibition.
Self-contained photo-acid generators with high quantum yields triggered by photo-cyclization
Authors: Xu Zixuan , Wang Zhaoyu , Zhang Yanyun , Yao Xiaokang , Ding Meijuan , Shi Huifang , An Zhongfu
Published: November 2022

We report a type of novel carbazole-based PAGs material with high photochemical quantum yields and fast photochemical reaction rates triggered by photo-cyclization.
A heteromultivalent host–guest sensor array for cell recognition and discrimination
Authors: Hu Xin-Yue , Hu Zong-Ying , Tian Jia-Hong , Shi Lin , Ding Fei , Li Hua-Bin , Guo Dong-Sheng
Published: November 2022

Supramolecular heteromultivalent sensor arrays were constructed by coassembling different amphiphilic calixarenes and cyclodextrin, and applied in cell identification.
Recent advances in the electrochemically mediated chemical transformation of carbon dioxide
Authors: Yu ZiQi , Shi Min
Published: November 2022

This Minireview highlights recent advancements within five years (since 2017) in electrocarboxylation with CO2under mild conditions.
Pyrophosphate-stabilised amorphous calcium carbonate for bone substitution: toward a doping-dependent cluster-based model
Authors: Merle Marion , Soulié Jérémy , Sassoye Capucine , Roblin Pierre , Rey Christian , Bonhomme Christian , Combes Christèle
Published: November 2022

Multiscale and multitool advanced characterisation of pyrophosphate-stabilised amorphous calcium carbonates allowed building a cluster-based model paving the way for tunable biomaterials.
Two porous-layered borates built by B7O13(OH) clusters and AlO4/GaO4 tetrahedra
Authors: Dong Ya-Zhuo , Chen Chong-An , Chen Juan , Cheng Jian-Wen , Li Jin-Hua , Yang Guo-Yu
Published: November 2022

A three-dimensional porous-layered aluminoborate and galloborate have been obtained under solvothermal conditions, which are built by B7O13(OH) clusters and AlO4/GaO4 units, respectively.
Size-dependent catalytic hydrogen productionviamethane decomposition and aromatization at a low-temperature using Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, and Ru nanometals
Authors: Fujimoto Yuta , Ohba Tomonori
Published: November 2022

Co-, Ni-, Cu-, Mo-, and Ru-based nanocatalytic methane decomposition has indicated that there is considerable activity on nanocatalysts in mesoporous SiO2owing to their nanosize and adsorption potentials in mesopores.
Improving carrier separation at the TiO2/CsPbIBr2 interface by gradient Sn-doping
Authors: Li Yingfeng , Wang Bingxin , Liu Yingjian , Gao Wenxiang , Li Meicheng
Published: November 2022

Gradient Sn-doping can bring enhanced cross-interface electric field and smaller bandgap steps, thus improving carrier separation at the TiO2/CsPbIBr2 interface.
Compressive strain induced superior HER performance of nickel in alkaline solution
Authors: Xiao Zechen , Li Zhi , Jing Yuhan , Li Ting , Jiang Dongyang , Duan Yuxian , Ye Qianxu , Zhou Liexing , Chen Anran , Cai Jinming
Published: November 2022

The as-prepared EG–Ni with compressive strain accelerates the occurrence of the hydrogen evolution reaction, and reduces the energy consumption.
Chemicals/materials of emerging concern in farmlands: sources, crop uptake and potential human health risks
Authors: Maddela Naga Raju , Ramakrishnan Balasubramanian , Dueñas-Rivadeneira Alex Alberto , Venkateswarlu Kadiyala , Megharaj Mallavarapu
Published: November 2022

Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) from different agricultural inputs enter the farmland soils and tend to get transferred to humans through meat from grazing animals and plant produce, causing serious health concern.
Assessment of SnO2 nanoparticles' impact on the growth of Picochlorum maculatum algae
Authors: Bounnit Touria , Ayesh Ahmad I. , Saadaoui Imen , Mohideen Rihab S. , Sayadi Sami
Published: November 2022

Picochlorum maculatum – isolated from a Qatar marine environment, algal growth media are amended with different SnO2 nanoparticle concentrations (1, 5, 25, 50, and 100 mg L−1) and the culture was observed for 72 h.
Flow-through heterogeneous electro-Fenton based on Co-CNT/Ti3C2TX membrane for improved tetracycline removal in wide pH ranges
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wang Yiran , Luo Xiaomin , Wang Jian , Wang Wenqi , Duan Xubin , Qi Kai , Li Meng
Published: November 2022

The heterogeneous electro-Fenton (HEF) membrane has shown great potential for the treatment of refractory organic pollutants, but its degradation efficiency and applicability for addressing practical organic pollutant issues needs to be improved.
Two new transition metal–organic frameworks as multiresponsive fluorescence sensors for detecting Fe3+, Cr2O72− and TNP
Authors: Li Jun-Jun , Feng Zhen-Jie , Wu Xue-Song , Li Ying , Wu Di , Sun Jing , Wang Xin-Long , Su Zhong-Min
Published: November 2022

Two new transition metal–organic frameworks (CUST-751 and CUST-752) have been designed and synthesized, which can be used as multiresponsive fluorescence sensors to detect Fe3+ and Cr2O72−. Moreover, CUST-751 also can detect TNP.
High potency EDC-crosslinked bovine serum albumin nanoencapsulation of berberine enhances in vitro anticancer efficacy against glioblastoma by inducing ROS mediated cell apoptosis
Authors: Ghosh Sayantan , Das Puja , Nayak Bismita
Published: November 2022

EDC-crosslinked BER–BSA NPs effectively inhibit migration and induce apoptosis associated with ROS generation and mitochondrial membrane potential disruption in glioblastoma.
Functionalized imidazolium salt: an efficient catalyst for Buchwald–Hartwig type C–N cross-coupling of (hetero)aryl chlorides/bromides with amines under solvent-, inert gas-, and base-free ambience
Authors: Gautam Deepak , Gahlaut Puneet Singh , Yadav Kapil , Jana Barun
Published: November 2022

The intermingling of novel imidazolium salt (HL1-Br) and Cu(OAc)2 has been marked down as a highly efficient catalytic system for Buchwald–Hartwig-type C–N coupling of a variety of amines with (hetero) aryl bromides/chlorides.
A photocatalyst-free method for the synthesis of 6-alkyl(aryl)phenanthridines under visible light irradiation
Authors: Natarajan Palani , Partigya  , Pooja
Published: November 2022

The reaction was initiated by the photochemical activity of an electron donor–acceptor complex formed by the interaction of isocyanobiaryls with alkyl(aryl)sulfinates.
Nanohybrids as a tool to control the dispersion of organic emitters in solution-processed electroluminescent layers
Authors: Phelipot Jonathan , Manzhi Payal , Ledos Nicolas , Tondelier Denis , Geffroy Bernard , Bouit Pierre-Antoine , Ackermann Jörg , Hissler Muriel , Margeat Olivier
Published: November 2022

Fluorescent organic–inorganic nanohybrids based on π-extended hydroxyoxophosphole emitters grafted onto ZnO nanocrystals, have been introduced as an efficient way to control the spatial arrangement of the organic emitters within a host material.
Regio- and stereoselective synthesis of tetrasubstituted (E)-(2-chloro-2-fluoro-1-iodovinyl)dimethylphenylsilane and its desilylative sonogashira coupling
Authors: Tanaka Rin , Sato Keiichi , Shiosaki Masahiro , Hanamoto Takeshi
Published: November 2022

We have developed a method for the synthesis of (E)-(2-chloro-2-fluoro-1-iodovinyl)dimethylphenylsilane and its desilyative Sonogashira cross-coupling.
Novel core–shell nanoclusters composed of multiple nickel–cobalt-oxyselenide nanowires wrapped with NiCo-LDH nanosheets for high energy density supercapacitors
Authors: Luo Runmei , Yang Qingjun , Liu Yu , Sun Lin , Wang Changhong , Chen Min , Shi Weidong
Published: November 2022

A novel core–shell nanocluster NCOSe/Ni2Co1-LDH was constructed with excellent electrochemical properties. Moreover, the assembled HSC achieves an extremely high energy density of 89.7 Wh kg−1at a power density of 800 W kg−1.
From crystalline to amorphous: heterostructure design of MoO2/MoS2in situ supported by nitrogen-doped carbon with robust sodium storage at −40 °C
Authors: Tang Shaocong , Li Jiabao , Li Ziqian , Hao Jingjing , Wang Tianyi , Pan Likun , Wang Chengyin
Published: November 2022

The amorphization design of MoO2/MoS2in situ supported by nitrogen-doped carbon leads to robust sodium storage performance at low temperatures.
Exploring the computational design of anionic spin-crossover systems
Authors: Navarro Laia , Cirera Jordi
Published: November 2022

In this work, we present a systematic study of the computer assisted ligand design for the anionic spin-crossover systems based on the [Fe(OEt-L1-pH)(NCS)3]− molecule, aiming to achieve a high degree of tuning of its transition temperature (T1/2).
A stable Fe/Co bimetallic modified biochar for ofloxacin removal from water: adsorption behavior and mechanisms
Authors: Hao Jiajie , Wu Lieshan , Lu Xiaowei , Zeng Yalin , Jia Bing , Luo Tingting , He Shixing , Liang Liuling
Published: November 2022

Fe/Co bimetallic modified biochar (FMBC) was synthesized and characterized, and its adsorption mechanism of ofloxacin and the stability of FMBC were investigated.
Fluorene intercalated graphene oxide based CoQ10 imprinted polymer composite as a selective platform for electrochemical sensing of CoQ10
Authors: Soomro Anam Naz , Shaikh Huma , Malik Muhammad Imran , Buledi Jamil A. , Qazi Sehrish , Solangi Amber
Published: November 2022

The new objective of sustainable analytical chemistry is to develop validated robust, swift, simple and highly sensitive analytical methods that are based on cost effective sensing technology.
Role of sulfur vacancies in MoS2 monolayers in stabilizing Co atoms for efficient CO oxidation
Authors: Li Manman , Li Tianchun , Jing Yu
Published: November 2022

Molybdenum disulfide monolayers with Co atoms embedded in the sulfur vacancies are promising two dimensional non-noble metal-based single-atom catalysts to promote carbon monoxide oxidation.
Charge transfer modulated heterointerfaces for hydrogen production at all pH values
Authors: Maji Mamoni , Dihingia Nikalabh , Dutta Supriti , Parvin Sahanaz , Pati Swapan K. , Bhattacharyya Sayan
Published: November 2022

A self-supported heterostructure has been created where the charge transfer from NiV-LDH to CoP drives electrochemical hydrogen production with sustained durability for 10 days at −1 A cm−2in alkaline and acidic pH, yielding ∼20 ml h−1H2.
Band-tail states meditated visible-light-driven overall water splitting in Y2Ti2O5S2 photocatalyst
Authors: Li Ronghua , Zha Zhengdi , Zhang Yanning , Yang Minji , Lin Lihua , Wang Qian , Hisatomi Takashi , Nakabayashi Mamiko , Shibata Naoya , Domen Kazunari , Li Yanbo
Published: November 2022

Photoluminescence studies reveal the existence and double-edged sword role of band-tail states in the Y2Ti2O5S2 photocatalyst, which prolong carrier lifetime, but prevent effective separation of the photogenerated electron–hole pairs.
Effective bipolar hosts preparedviadipole moment engineering for phosphorescent emitters and white OLEDs
Authors: Zhong Qihang , Zeng Songkun , Fan Peng , Pang Yudong , Zhu Weiguo , Wang Yafei
Published: November 2022

Two host materials o-CBPy and o-CPPy with bipolar charge transporting character were preparedviadipole moment engineering. Both blue and green phosphorescent OLEDs based on o-CBPy show very high efficiency (>30%) and small efficiency roll-off.
The Severity-Calibrated Aphasia Naming Test
Authors: Walker Grant M. , Fridriksson Julius , Hillis Argye E. , den Ouden Dirk B. , Bonilha Leonardo , Hickok Gregory
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

We present a 20-item naming test, the Severity-Calibrated Aphasia Naming Test (SCANT), that can serve as a proxy measure for an aphasia severity scale that is derived from a thorough test battery of connected speech production, single-word production, speech repetition, and auditory verbal comprehension.

Method:

We use lasso regression and cross-validation to identify an optimal subset from a set of 174 pictures to be named for prediction of aphasia severity, based on data from 200 participants with left-hemisphere stroke who were quasirandomly selected to represent the full impairment scale. Data from 20 healthy controls (i.e., participant caretakers/spouses) were also analyzed. We examine interrater reliability, test–retest reliability, sensitivity and specificity to the presence of aphasia, sensitivity to therapy gains, and external validity (i.e., correlation with aphasia severity measures) for the SCANT.

Results:

The SCANT has extremely high interrater reliability, and it is sensitive and specific to the presence of aphasia. We demonstrate the superiority of predictions based on the SCANT over those based on the full set of naming items. We estimate a 15% reduction in power when using the SCANT score versus the full test battery's aphasia severity score as an outcome measure; for example, to maintain the same power to detect a significant group average change in aphasia severity, a study with 25 participants using the full test battery to measure treatment effectiveness would require 30 participants if the SCANT were to be used as the testing instrument instead.

Conclusion:

We provide a linear model to convert SCANT scores to aphasia severity scores, and we identify a change score cutoff of four SCANT items to obtain a high degree of confidence based on test–retest SCANT data and the modeled relation between SCANT and aphasia severity scores.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21476871
Autism in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Current Situation and Future Perspectives for Services and Research
Authors: Al-Dakroury Wael A. , Alnemary Fahad M. , Alnemary Faisal
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) services and research have evolved over the past decades to mitigate the negative effects of this lifelong condition on those who live with it and the society. The purpose of this article is to shed light on the current state of ASD services and research in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and discuss future directions to enhance services and research in relation to accessibility and optimizing the journey of care for individuals with ASD.

Conclusions:

Background information is provided about the KSA and its role in the region as a major country to lead the advancement of ASD services, regulations, awareness, and research. ASD in KSA is gaining more attention and recognition at all levels, which will ultimately lead to larger opportunities to provide a high-quality service at the levels of diagnosis and intervention.
Retracted: Performance optimization of unstructured E‐commerce log data for activity and pattern evaluation using web analytics
Authors: Shukla Shubham , Mishra Pawan , Sinha Anurag , Garg Namit , Pandey Saroj Kumar , Raja Linesh , Kumar Ankit , Chetri Manoj
Published: November 2022

The above article from IET Communications, published online on 4 November 2022 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the Interim Editor‐in‐Chief, Jian Ren, the Institution of Engineering and Technology (the IET) and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. This article was published as part of a Guest Edited special issue. Following an investigation, the IET and the journal have determined that the article was not reviewed in line with the journal's peer review standards and there is evidence that the peer review process of the special issue underwent systematic manipulation. Accordingly, we cannot vouch for the integrity or reliability of the content. As such we have taken the decision to retract the article. The authors have been informed of the decision to retract.
Exploiting spatio‐temporal knowledge for video action recognition
Authors: Zhang Huigang , Wang Liuan , Sun Jun
Published: November 2022

Action recognition has been a popular area of computer vision research in recent years. The goal of this task is to recognise human actions in video frames. Most existing methods often depend on the visual features and their relationships inside the videos. The extracted features only represent the visual information of the current video itself and cannot represent the general knowledge of particular actions beyond the video. Thus, there are some deviations in these features, and the recognition performance still requires improvement. In this sudy, we present a novel spatio‐temporal knowledge module (STKM) to endow the current methods with commonsense knowledge. To this end, we first collect hybrid external knowledge from universal fields, which contains both visual and semantic information. Then graph convolution networks (GCN) are used to represent and aggregate this knowledge. The GCNs involve (i) a spatial graph to capture spatial relations and (ii) a temporal graph to capture serial occurrence relations among actions. By integrating knowledge and visual features, we can get better recognition results. Experiments on AVA, UCF101‐24 and JHMDB datasets show the robustness and generalisation ability of STKM. The results report a new state‐of‐the‐art 32.0 mAP on AVA v2.1. On UCF101‐24 and JHMDB datasets, our method also improves by 1.5 AP and 2.6 AP, respectively, over the baseline method.
Focusing dynamic single‐channel synthetic aperture radar video with optical flow‐informed reconstruction
Authors: Watson F. M.
Published: November 2022

The motion of targets is well known to result in their defocusing and displacement in SAR imagery, but detection of motion and re‐focusing of targets under generic conditions remains an ongoing interest. One class of methods involves forming images of sub‐apertures in which motion defocusing will be reduced. In this paper, dynamic tomographic image formation methods utilising an optical flow constraint is used to form a video of SAR sub‐aperture images. These retain fine resolution of the full aperture, focusing along‐track motion.
High‐precision simulation technology for enhanced Loran signal simulators based on Lagrange farrow structure filter
Authors: Ma Hongyu , Yuan Yanning , Li Zheng , Liu Jiangfan , Pu Yurong , Du Yongxing , Xi Xiaoli
Published: November 2022

In this study, a real‐time high accuracy signal simulation technique for an enhanced Loran (eLoran) signal simulator is proposed, which can be used to verify the performance of the eLoran receiver. The proposed method is based on a maximumly flat design of the low‐pass filter, and high simulation accuracy can be obtained in the low‐frequency band. The simulator structure is based on the variable fractional delay Farrow structure, which can regenerate eLoran signals with high‐precision time of arrival (TOA) in real‐time based on discrete samples on a hardware platform. By comparison of existing methods and the true TOA data validation, the proposed method has high performance for low‐frequency narrow‐band eLoran signals and the proposed technology can apply to arbitrary TOA real‐time simulations.
Evaluation and calibration of low‐cost off‐the‐shelf particulate matter sensors using machine learning techniques
Authors: Ghamari Mohammad , Kamangir Hamid , Arezoo Keyvan , Alipour Khalil
Published: November 2022

The use of inexpensive, lightweight, and portable particulate matter (PM) sensors is increasingly becoming popular in air quality monitoring applications. As an example, these low‐cost sensors can be used in surface or underground coal mines for monitoring of inhalable dust, and monitoring of inhalable particles in real‐time can be beneficial as it can possibly assist in preventing coal mine related respiratory diseases such as black lung disease. However, commercially available PM sensors are not inherently calibrated, and as a result, they have vague and unclear measurement accuracy. Therefore, they must initially be evaluated and compared with standardised instruments to be ready to be deployed in the fields. In this study, three different types of inexpensive, light‐scattering‐based widely available PM sensors (Shinyei PPD42NS, Sharp GP2Y1010AU0F, and Laser SEN0177) are evaluated and calibrated with reference instruments. PM sensors are compared with reference instruments in a controlled environment. The calibration is done by means of different machine learning techniques. The results demonstrate that the calibrated response obtained by fusion of sensors has a higher accuracy in comparison to the calibrated response of each individual sensor.
A prototype of a microlensed hyperspectral imager for solar observations
Authors: van Noort M. , Bischoff J. , Kramer A. , Solanki S. K. , Kiselman D.
Published: November 2022

Context. When spectropolarimetric data are recorded at high spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution, the quality of the data is generally limited by the signal-to-noise ratio.

Aims. We present a prototype of an integral field spectrograph for solar observations. This prototype overcomes the limitations of traditional solar instrumentation and captures the spectral information for all points in a given field of view without scanning, in order to optimize the efficiency and to minimize spectral and spatial crosstalk.

Methods. The prototype was executed as a plug-in for the TRIPPEL spectrograph at the Swedish 1-meter Solar Telescope (SST) and uses an array of microlenses to shrink each image element, so that dark space is created in between. The light is then dispersed in this space, allowing for the independent detection of each spatio-spectral image element on a 2D detector.

Results. The prototype was built and installed at the SST, yielding several good-quality data sets. These data sets were used to determine the imaging performance and efficiency of the prototype.

Conclusions. Although the instrument required high-accuracy optics, the transparency of the prototype was found to be about 25%, and the straylight properties were found to be typical for spectrographic instruments.
Unveiling the formation of NGC 2915 with MUSE: A counter-rotating stellar disk embedded in a disordered gaseous environment
Authors: Tang Yimeng , Tao Bojun , Zhang Hong-Xin , Chen Guangwen , Gao Yulong , Lin Zesen , Yao Yao , Shi Yong , Kong Xu
Published: November 2022

NGC 2915 is a unique nearby galaxy that is classified as an isolated blue compact dwarf based on its optical appearance but has an extremely extended H Igas disk with prominent Sd-type spiral arms. To unveil the starburst-triggering mystery of NGC 2915, we performed a comprehensive analysis of deep VLT/MUSE integral field spectroscopic observations that cover the star-forming region in the central kiloparsec of the galaxy. We find that episodes of bursty star formation have recurred in different locations throughout the central region, and the most recent one peaked around 50 Myr ago. The bursty star formation has significantly disturbed the kinematics of the ionized gas but not the neutral atomic gas, which implies that the two gas phases are largely spatially decoupled along the line of sight. No evidence for an active galactic nucleus is found based on the classical line-ratio diagnostic diagrams. The ionized gas metallicities have a positive radial gradient, which confirms the previous study based on several individual H IIregions and may be attributed to both the stellar feedback-driven outflows and metal-poor gas inflow. Evidence for metal-poor gas infall or inflow includes discoveries of high-speed collisions between gas clouds of different metallicities, localized gas metallicity drops and unusually small metallicity differences between gas and stars. The central stellar disk appears to be counter-rotating with respect to the extended H Idisk, implying that the recent episodes of bursty star formation have been sustained by externally accreted gas.
Radial velocity survey for planets around young stars (RVSPY)
Authors: Zakhozhay Olga V. , Launhardt Ralf , Trifonov Trifon , Kürster Martin , Reffert Sabine , Henning Thomas , Brahm Rafael , Vinés José I. , Marleau Gabriel-Dominique , Patel Jayshil A.
Published: November 2022

Aims. We aim to detect planetary companions to young stars with debris disks via the radial velocity method.

Methods. We observed HD 114082 during April 2018–August 2022 as one of the targets of our RVSPY program (Radial Velocity Survey for Planets around Young stars). We use the FEROS spectrograph, mounted to the MPG/ESO 2.2 m telescope in Chile, to obtain high signal-to-noise spectra and time series of precise radial velocities (RVs). Additionally, we analyze archival HARPS spectra and TESS photometric data. We use the CERES, CERES++ and SERVAL pipelines to derive RVs and activity indicators and ExoStriker for the independent and combined analysis of the RVs and TESS photometry.

Results. We report the discovery of a warm super-Jovian companion around HD 114082 based on a 109.8±0.4 day signal in the combined RV data from FEROS and HARPS, and on one transit event in the TESS photometry. The best-fit model indicates a 8.0±1.0 MJup companion with a radius of 1.00±0.03 RJup in an orbit with a semi-major axis of 0.51±0.01 au and an eccentricity of 0.4±0.04. The companions orbit is in agreement with the known near edge-on debris disk located at ∼28 au. HD 114082 b is possibly the youngest (15±6 Myr), and one of only three young (< 100 Myr) giant planetary companions for which both their mass and radius have been determined observationally. It is probably the first properly model-constraining giant planet that allows distinguishing between hot and cold-start models. It is significantly more compatible with the cold-start model.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Leakage Characteristics of Proportional Directional Valve
Authors: Ledvoň Marian , Hružík Lumír , Bureček Adam , Dýrr Filip
Published: November 2022

This article deals with the experimental and numerical analysis of the leakage characteristics of the proportional directional valve. These characteristics describe the flow through the directional valve in the region of the center position of the spool valve. The element under investigation is a three-position four-way directional valve with zero overlap and feedback from the valve spool position. The actual valve spool position is sensed by an inductive position sensor and processed by integrated electronics. By means of an offset on the integrated electronics, it is also possible to set the center position of the valve spool. By moving the valve spool, the size and direction of the working fluid flow in both directions can be controlled. Internal leakage occurs due to axial and radial clearances between the spool and the sleeve. The magnitude of the axial clearances that occur at the control edges is investigated. The blocked-line pressure sensitivity curve, leakage flow curve and center flow curve are determined by experimental measurements. Depending on the experimental measurement, the correction of the center position of the valve spool is then made using offset. The flow through the control edges at the center position of the valve spool was simulated using Ansys Fluent software. Subsequently, the geometry of the flow simulation model is adjusted. The adjustment is made to take into account manufacturing tolerances. Finally, the simulated dependencies including the effect of manufacturing tolerances are compared with the measured and analytically determined characteristics.

Research background: Spool valve description, mathematical equations, flow analysis through valve, radial and axial clearance.

Purpose of the article: Effect of axial clearance on leakage characteristic.

Methods: Experimental measurements, numerical simulation.

Findings & Value added: Determining the range of the center flow curve as a function of manufacturing tolerances
Experimental Analysis of Flow Through Throttle Valve During Gaseous Cavitation
Authors: Polášek Tomáš , Hružík Lumír , Bureček Adam , Ledvoň Marian
Published: November 2022

The multiphase flow in oil hydraulic systems has a very significant effect on the correct operation of the hydraulic system. Air can be found in various states in hydraulic systems, while free entrained air in the form of bubbles has the potential to be the most problematic. It especially affects the compressibility of the hydraulic liquid resulting in reduced stiffness of the hydraulic system. The actuators of the hydraulic mechanisms then do not achieve the fast response and the precision of movements depending on the input control signals. One possibility for the contamination of hydraulic fluid by air bubbles is through a phenomenon known as gaseous cavitation. This is a phenomenon in which gas is released when the pressure drops below the saturation pressure of the dissolved gas in the liquid. This article focuses on the experimental analysis of the flow through the throttle valve which is affected by the formation of air bubbles at the throttle edge of the valve. The regions of gaseous cavitation were observed at the different flow cross-section of the throttle valve. The throttle valve was placed into the block of transparent material to provide visualization of the individual measurements. The article is supplemented with photographs of the individual measurements showing the gaseous cavitation inception.

Research background: flow cross-section, cavitation phenomenon, discharge coefficient.

Purpose of the article: Effect of flow cross-section size and flow velocity on cavitation development.

Methods: Experimental measurements.

Findings & Value added: The investigation of the gaseous cavitation inception, Visualization of the individual measurements.
Braid Angle and its Influence on the Hydraulic Hoses Behaviour Under Pressure Loading
Authors: Dýrr Filip , Bureček Adam , Hružík Lumír , Polášek Tomáš
Published: November 2022

This paper deals with the experimental analysis of the effect of the braid angle on the behaviour of a hydraulic hose under pressure loading. The main structural elements of the hose are a rubber tube and a steel braid or spiral. The material of the braid and the number of braids influence the magnitude of the pressure load on the hydraulic hose. The angle of the braid affects the deformation of the hydraulic hose when the inner wall is loaded with fluid pressure. For hydraulic hoses, it is a requirement to maintain a neutral braid angle during manufacture to ensure a balance between axial and circumferential stresses under pressure loading. An experimental device was set up to measure the hoses. This device can be used to measure the diameter of the outer braid, the length and the tensile force of the hose in the axial direction and, where appropriate, to evaluate the angle of the outer braid of the hose as a function of the fluid pressure loading on the inner wall of the hose. The object of the research is to determine the effect of the braid angle on the behaviour of the hydraulic hose under pressure loading. Based on the measurements, the dependencies of the tensile force, the braid angle and the change in length of hydraulic hoses on the internal pressure were determined. In order to compare the measurement results, hydraulic hoses with different inner diameters and different numbers of braids or spirals were selected.

Research background: Description of neutral braid angle, hydraulic hose geometry, tensile force of hose.

Purpose of the article: Influence of braid angle on the hydraulic hoses behaviour under pressure loading.

Methods: Experimental measurements.

Findings & Value added: Determining of the change of length dependencies on the pressure, determining of the tensile force dependencies on the pressure.