bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A prediction model for stillbirth based on first trimester pre‐eclampsia combined screening
Authors: Al‐Fattah Adly Nanda , Mahindra Muhammad Pradhiki , Yusrika Mirani Ulfa , Mapindra Muhammad Pradhika , Marizni Shinda , Putri Vania Permata , Besar Sadina Pramuktini , Widjaja Felix Firyanto , Kusuma Raden Aditya , Siassakos Dimitrios
Published: July 2024

Objective

To evaluate the accuracy of combined models of maternal biophysical factors, ultrasound, and biochemical markers for predicting stillbirths.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of pregnant women undergoing first‐trimester pre‐eclampsia screening at 11–13 gestational weeks was conducted. Maternal characteristics and history, mean arterial pressure (MAP) measurement, uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA‐PI) ultrasound, maternal ophthalmic peak ratio Doppler, and placental growth factor (PlGF) serum were collected during the visit. Stillbirth was classified as placental dysfunction‐related when it occurred with pre‐eclampsia or birth weight <10th percentile. Combined prediction models were developed from significant variables in stillbirths, placental dysfunction‐related, and controls. We used the area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity based on a specific cutoff to evaluate the model's predictive performance by measuring the capacity to distinguish between stillbirths and live births.

Results

There were 13 (0.79%) cases of stillbirth in 1643 women included in the analysis. The combination of maternal factors, MAP, UtA‐PI, and PlGF, significantly contributed to the prediction of stillbirth. This model was a good predictor for all (including controls) types of stillbirth (AUC 0.879, 95% CI: 0.799–0.959, sensitivity of 99.3%, specificity of 38.5%), and an excellent predictor for placental dysfunction‐related stillbirth (AUC 0.984, 95% CI: 0.960–1.000, sensitivity of 98.5, specificity of 85.7).

Conclusion

Screening at 11–13 weeks' gestation by combining maternal factors, MAP, UtA‐PI, and PlGF, can predict a high proportion of stillbirths. Our model has good accuracy for predicting stillbirths, predominantly placental dysfunction‐related stillbirths.
The effect of low‐dose photodynamic therapy using the photosensitizer chloroaluminum phthalocyanine on a scratch wound model in skin fibroblasts
Authors: Giannakopoulos Efstathios , Katopodi Annita , Rallis Michail , Politopoulos Konstantinos , Alexandratou Eleni
Published: July 2024

Different approaches on wound healing have been developed over the years but they suffer from high costs and adverse effects for the patients. The current paper was designed to study low dose PDT, a novel healing approach, in an in vitro fibroblasts wound healing model. Chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (AlClPc) was used as photosensitizer and was activated by a red diode laser at 661 nm. After PDT optimization, wound closure rate and reactive oxygen species were quantified by image processing and analysis. Our results revealed that wound healing rates were significantly higher in PDT treated groups than in the control. Additionally, the study revealed that a prolonged ROS increase did not promote wound closure, while a small increase acted as a trigger, resulting in faster wound closure. Concluding, low dose PDT using AlClPc enhances wound healing in vitro in a ROS dependent manner, allowing the assumption of similar positive effects in vivo.
Dulaglutide reduces oxidative DNA damage and hypermethylation in the somatic cells of mice fed a high‐energy diet by restoring redox balance, inflammatory responses, and DNA repair gene expressions
Authors: Attia Sabry M. , Alshamrani Ali A. , Ahmad Sheikh F. , Albekairi Norah A. , Nadeem Ahmed , Attia Mohamed S. M. , Ansari Mushtaq A. , Almutairi Faris , Bakheet Saleh A.
Published: July 2024

Obesity is an established risk factor for numerous malignancies, although it remains uncertain whether the disease itself or weight‐loss drugs are responsible for a greater predisposition to cancer. The objective of the current study was to determine the impact of dulaglutide on genetic and epigenetic DNA damage caused by obesity, which is a crucial factor in the development of cancer. Mice were administered a low‐fat or high‐fat diet for 12 weeks, followed by a 5‐week treatment with dulaglutide. Following that, modifications of the DNA bases were examined using the comet assay. To clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms, oxidized and methylated DNA bases, changes in the redox status, levels of inflammatory cytokines, and the expression levels of some DNA repair genes were evaluated. Animals fed a high‐fat diet exhibited increased body weights, elevated DNA damage, oxidation of DNA bases, and DNA hypermethylation. In addition, obese mice showed altered inflammatory responses, redox imbalances, and repair gene expressions. The findings demonstrated that dulaglutide does not exhibit genotoxicity in the investigated conditions. Following dulaglutide administration, animals fed a high‐fat diet demonstrated low DNA damage, less oxidation and methylation of DNA bases, restored redox balance, and improved inflammatory responses. In addition, dulaglutide treatment restored the upregulated DNMT1, Ogg1, and p53 gene expression. Overall, dulaglutide effectively maintains DNA integrity in obese animals. It reduces oxidative DNA damage and hypermethylation by restoring redox balance, modulating inflammatory responses, and recovering altered gene expressions. These findings demonstrate dulaglutide's expediency in treating obesity and its associated complications.
Simple and low‐cost microscopy setup for 3D particle field measurement using incoherent illumination and open‐source hardware
Authors: Li Shengfu , Zhao Yu , Wen Weifeng , Xiong Chuanzhong , Meng Jianhua , Chen Guanghua , Zhou Pingwei , Zhu Yu , Gao Peng , Ye Yan
Published: July 2024

The quantification of 3D particle field is of interest for a vast range of fields. While in‐line particle holography (PH) can provide high‐resolution measurements of particles, it suffers from speckle noise. Plenoptic imaging (PI) is less susceptible to speckle noises, but it involves a trade‐off between spatial and angular resolution, rendering images with low resolution. Here, we report a simple microscopy setup with the goals of getting the strengths of both techniques. It is built with off‐the‐shelf and cost‐effective components including a photographic lens, a diaphragm, and a CCD camera. The cost of the microscopy setup is affordable to small labs and individual researchers. The pupil plane of the proposed setup can be mechanically accessible, allowing us to implement pupil plane modulation and increase the depth of field (DOF) without requiring any additional relay lenses. It also allows us to understand the working principle of pupil plane modulation clearly, benefiting microscopy education. It illuminates the sample (particles) using diffuse white light, and thus avoids the problem of speckle noise. It captures multiple perspective images via pupil plane modulation, without requiring trading off angular and spatial resolution. We validate the setup with 2D and 3D particle samples.

Research Highlights

We report a simple and cost‐effective microscopy setup with the goals of getting the strengths of plenoptic imaging and in‐line particle holography. It is built with off‐the‐shelf and cost‐effective components. The cost of the microscopy setup is affordable to small labs and individual researchers. The pupil plane of the proposed setup can be mechanically accessible, allowing us to implement pupil plane modulation and increase the DOF without requiring any additional relay lenses. It also allows us to understand the working principle of pupil plane modulation clearly, benefiting microscopy education. It illuminates the sample (particles) using diffuse white light, and thus avoids the problem of speckle noise. It captures multiple perspective images via pupil plane modulation, without requiring trading off angular and spatial resolution. We validate the setup with 2D and 3D particle samples.
A multi‐analytical investigation of Imperial (I‐II century AD) Roman cooking ware from ‘Villa della Piscina’ and the so called ‘Minerva Medica Temple’ (Rome, Italy)
Authors: Privitera Antonella , Bernardini Simone , Ventura Giancarlo Della , Ballirano Paolo , Arbolino Elena , Coletti Caterina , Conte Lorenzo , Pacetti Francesco , Morretta Simona , Sodo Armida
Published: July 2024

A multi‐analytical approach based on colourimetry, micro‐Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy and powder X‐ray diffraction, has been applied to investigate Roman cooking ware samples dating back to imperial age (I‐II century AD). In particular, the highly distinctive production of pots coming from two different archaeological sites, ‘Villa della Piscina’ at Centocelle district and the so called ‘Minerva Medica Temple’ at Esquilino district (Rome, Italy), was studied characterising the colour, the chemical, mineralogical and petrographic distinctive properties of the investigated samples, in order to compare technological and provenance aspects. Classification of ceramic fragment by colorimetry, integrated by compositional studies with a main contribution of micro‐Raman spectroscopy, allows to discriminate between superior and inferior quality cooking ware and evaluate the compatibility of the investigated samples with some pottery realised in known manufacturing sites in Lazio. Compositional and petrographic features allow assignment of samples from ‘Villa della Piscina’ testifying productions in the surroundings of Rome, while an importation from outsider workshops is hypothesised for the ceramic fragments from the so called ‘Minerva Medica Temple’. For these, an importation from outsider workshop is hypothesised.
An underutilized bean: hyacinth bean [Lablab purpureus (L.) sweet]: bioactive compounds, functional activity, and future food prospect and applications
Authors: Zhou Jiankang , Wang Wenting , Zhang Zhuo , Zhu Gege , Qiao Jiawei , Guo Shengyuan , Bai Yu , Zhao Chaofan , Teng Cong , Qin Peiyou , Zhang Lizhen , Ren Guixing
Published: July 2024

Hyacinth bean [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet], a plant belonging to the leguminous family and traditionally used for medicinal purposes in China, is a valuable resource with a wide range of health benefits. This review examines the bioactive compounds, health‐promoting properties and functional food potential of hyacinth bean, highlighting its role in protecting against metabolic diseases and the underlying molecular mechanisms. According to existing research, hyacinth bean contains a diverse array of bioactive compounds, Consumption of hyacinth beans and hyacinth bean‐related processed food products, as well as their use in medicines, is associated with a variety of health benefits that are increasingly favoured by the scientific community. In light of these findings, we posit that hyacinth bean holds great promise for further research and food application. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Platelet‐rich plasma injections for the management of knee osteoarthritis: The ESSKA‐ICRS consensus. Recommendations using the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method for different clinical scenarios
Authors: Kon Elizaveta , de Girolamo Laura , Laver Lior , Andriolo Luca , Andia Isabel , Bastos Ricardo , Beaufils Philippe , Biant Leela , Bøe Berte , Boffa Angelo , Cugat Ramon , Di Martino Alessandro , Erggelet Christoph , Iosifidis Michael , Kocaoglu Baris , Magalon Jérémy , Marinescu Rodica , Nehrer Stefan , Niemeyer Philipp , Ostojić Marko , Piontek Tomasz , Sánchez Mikel , Sas Kristof , Skarpas Georges , Tischer Thomas , Vonk Lucienne , Filardo Giuseppe
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The aim of this consensus was to develop evidence‐ and expert‐based patient‐focused recommendations on the appropriateness of intra‐articular platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) injections in different clinical scenarios of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method was used by the European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery, and Arthroscopy (ESSKA), as well as the International Cartilage Regeneration and Joint Preservation Society (ICRS) to reach a consensus and produce recommendations for specific patient categories combining best available scientific evidence with the collective judgement of a panel of experts.

Results

Scenarios were defined based on first treatment vs first injective treatment vs second injective treatment, age (<50/50–65/66–80/>80), tibiofemoral vs patellofemoral involvement, OA level (Kellgren–Lawrence/KL 0–I/II–III/IV), and joint effusion (dry knee, minor‐mild or major effusion). Out of 216 scenarios, in 84 (38.9%) the indication was considered appropriate, in 9 (4.2%) inappropriate and in 123 (56.9%) uncertain. The parameters associated with the highest consensus were PRP use after failed injective treatments (62.5%), followed by PRP after failed conservative treatments and KL 0–III scenarios (58.3%), while the highest uncertainty was found for PRP use as first treatment and KL IV OA (91.7% and 87.5% of uncertain scenarios, respectively).

Conclusion

This ESSKA‐ICRS consensus established recommendations on the appropriateness or inappropriateness of PRP injections for the treatment of knee OA, providing a useful reference for clinical practice. PRP injections are considered appropriate in patients aged ≤80 years with knee KL 0–III OA grade after failed conservative non‐injective or injective treatments, while they are not considered appropriate as first treatment nor in KL IV OA grade.

Level of Evidence

Level I.
The Onset of Lasing in Semiconductor Nanolasers
Authors: Saldutti Marco , Yu Yi , Mørk Jesper
Published: July 2024

Nanolasers based on emerging dielectric cavities with deep sub‐wavelength confinement of light offer a large light‐matter coupling rate and near‐unity spontaneous emission factor, . These features call for reconsidering the standard approach to identifying the lasing threshold. Here, a new threshold definition is suggested, taking into account the recycling process of photons when is large. This threshold reduces to the classical balance between gain and loss in the limit of macroscopic lasers, but qualitative as well as quantitative differences emerge for nanolasers. In particular, this new threshold identifies the onset of a transition regime, where the quantum statistics of the emitted light evolve into the Poissonian statistics of a coherent state. It is shown that the threshold with photon recycling consistently marks the onset of the change in the second‐order intensity correlation, , toward coherent laser light, irrespective of the laser size and down to the case of a single emitter. In contrast, other threshold definitions may well predict lasing in light‐emitting diodes. An overview of different threshold definitions proposed in the literature is provided and their predictions are compared when going from macroscopic to microscopic lasers.
2023 Inaugural Healthcare Delivery Science: Innovation and Partnerships for Health Equity Research (DESCIPHER) Symposium
Authors: Orechwa Allison Z. , Abhat Anshu , Amezcua Lilyana , Boden‐Albala Bernadette , Buchanan Thomas A. , Chen Steve , Daskivich Lauren P. , Feldman Brett , Gould Michael K. , Lee Wei‐an , Lynch Christopher , Meltzer Carolyn C. , Mittman Brian S. , Pereyda Margarita , Raff Evan , Robinson Jehni , Saluja Sonali , Turner Barbara J. , Taira Breena R. , Trotzky‐Sirr Rebecca , Williams Linda , Wu Shinyi , Yee Hal , Towfighi Amytis
Published: July 2024

Introduction

This article provides an overview of presentations and discussions from the inaugural Healthcare Delivery Science: Innovation and Partnerships for Health Equity Research (DESCIPHER) Symposium.

Methods

The symposium brought together esteemed experts from various disciplines to explore models for translating evidence‐based interventions into practice.

Results

The symposium highlighted the importance of disruptive innovation in healthcare, the need for multi‐stakeholder engagement, and the significance of family and community involvement in healthcare interventions.

Conclusions

The article concluded with a call to action for advancing healthcare delivery science to achieve health equity.
A nomogram for predicting neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction in patients with acute ischemic stroke: A retrospective study
Authors: Hu Yingjie , Hao Fengming , Yu Lanlan , Chen Ling , Liang Surui , Wang Ying , Cai Wenzhi
Published: July 2024

Aims

To investigate the risk factors for neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and develop an internally validated predictive nomogram. The study aims to offer insights for preventing AIS‐NLUTD.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study on AIS patients in a Shenzhen Hospital from June 2021 to February 2023, categorizing them into non‐NLUTD and NLUTD groups. The bivariate analysis identified factors for AIS‐NLUTD (p < 0.05), integrated into a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model. Significant variables from LASSO were used in a multivariate logistic regression for the predictive model, resulting in a nomogram. Nomogram performance and clinical utility were evaluated through receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration curves, decision curve analysis (DCA), and clinical impact curve (CIC). Internal validation used 1000 bootstrap resamplings.

Results

A total of 373 participants were included in this study, with an NLUTD incidence rate of 17.7% (66/373). NIHSS score (OR = 1.254), pneumonia (OR = 6.631), GLU (OR = 1.240), HGB (OR = 0.970), and hCRP (OR = 1.021) were used to construct a predictive model for NLUTD in AIS patients. The model exhibited good performance (AUC = 0.899, calibration curve p = 0.953). Internal validation of the model demonstrated strong discrimination and calibration abilities (AUC = 0.898). Results from DCA and CIC curves indicated that the prediction model had high clinical utility.

Conclusions

We developed a predictive model for AIS‐NLUTD and created a nomogram with strong predictive capabilities, assisting healthcare professionals in evaluating NLUTD risk among AIS patients and facilitating early intervention.
Successful utilization of clozapine for a patient with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia after recurrent violent behavior
Authors: Shinohara Rikuto Christopher , Oshima Tomomi , Otsubo Takafumi , Ariga Keita , Ono Tesshu , Muneoka Koya , Umezu Hiroki , Mikami Nobuhiro
Published: July 2024

Background

In patients with schizophrenia, violent behavior is a clinically important factor that prevents their discharge. Clozapine is an effective antipsychotic medication for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia, and its usefulness for aggressive behavior has also been suggested.

Case Presentation

We present the case of a 38‐year‐old male patient diagnosed with schizophrenia who was successfully treated with clozapine after recurrent violent behavior. He was diagnosed with schizophrenia during his adolescence. He was hospitalized for treatment in his teens, but his hallucinations and delusions persisted even after discharge. In his 30s, he became noticeably emotionally unstable, and despite being treated for an adequate period with sufficient doses of several antipsychotics, his symptoms did not improve. This led to repeated hospitalizations triggered by violent behavior toward his parents and siblings within the home. During his fourth hospitalization, clozapine was initiated due to multiple incidents of violence toward nursing staff secondary to hallucinations and delusions. As the dose of clozapine was gradually increased with therapeutic drug monitoring, the patient's hostility, uncooperativeness, and suspiciousness markedly improved, and his aggressive behavior disappeared. He was discharged to a facility on day 194 after starting clozapine and has continued outpatient visits.

Conclusion

Clozapine was suggested to be effective for aggressive behavior in patients with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia and should be actively considered. In such cases, regular measurement of blood concentration is useful for adjusting the dosage of clozapine.
Molecular Mechanisms of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction in the Treatment of Gastric Cancer: A Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and In Vitro Experimental Analysis
Authors: Zeng Panke , Wu Xinyu , Chen Chen , Zhang Jianing , Rashid Haroon ur , Zhang Pengfei
Published: July 2024

Gastric cancer (GC) is the most common type of cancer of the digestive system with high morbidity and mortality. Chemotherapy and targeted therapy are used to treat patients with advanced GC. However, side effects and drug resistance to the two modalities remain the main challenges. The Buzhong Yiqi decoction (BZYQD), a classical traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been reported for the treatment of various types of cancers. However, the underlying pharmacological mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study integrated network pharmacology, molecular docking, cancer public databases, and cell experiments to explore the potential bioactive compounds and BZYQD's mechanism of action against GC. A total of 245 targets of BZYQD, 5291 GC‐related targets, and 186 were identified as their common targets through the database. Network analysis confirmed AKT1, TP53, TNF, and EGFR to be the core targets, while the main compounds observed were quercetin, kaempferol, and β‐Sitosterol. The core signaling pathways included PI3K‐AKT, MAPK, TNF, and IL‐17. Molecular docking revealed good binding activity for the main compounds and core targets. Based on the database's validation of core targets, a large number of core genes were verified to be consistent with this study. Quercetin, kaempferol, and β‐Sitosterol were found to significantly reduce the growth of GC cells in the MTT experiment. The current study revealed that BZYQD may inhibit GC progression by interfering with core targets such as AKT1, TP53, TNF, EGFR, and MAPK3, and by regulating the activity of PI3K‐AKT, MAPK, TNF, and IL‐17 signaling pathways.
Comprehensive investigation on the synthesis of polyamide 6 and polyurethane elastomer blends via in situ polymerization
Authors: Hou Lianlong , Feng Bingtao , Wang Xiaoke , Zhang Meng , Yin Maofeng , Zhang Xin , Sun Guohua , Li Pengpeng , Ma Jinsong
Published: July 2024

In this work, blends of monomer‐cast polyamide 6 (MCPA6) and polyurethane (TPU) were prepared by in situ anionic ring‐opening polymerization using caprolactam as the monomer and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as the initiator. TPU degraded under weakly alkaline conditions to form an isocyanate group, which acted as a macromolecule activator to initiate the growth of the MCPA6 chain, and the formation of TPU‐co‐MCPA6 copolymer in this system, which improves the compatibility between MCPA6 and TPU. The MCPA6/TPU blends were tested for conversion, viscosity, and mechanical properties, and their structures and thermal properties were analyzed and evaluated by characterization techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy.
Temporal trends in medication and service use patterns for mental health issues among men with prostate cancer
Authors: Tiruye Tenaw , Hiwase Mrunal , Charlick Megan , O’Callaghan Michael , Khalid Ashna , Li Ming , FitzGerald Liesel M. , Caughey Gillian E. , Ettridge Kerry , Roder David , Beckmann Kerri
Published: July 2024

Objective

Prostate cancer can significantly impact mental wellbeing, creating uncertainty and morbidity. This study described patterns of psychotropic medication and mental health service use, as a proxy measure for mental health problems, 5 years before and 5 years after prostate cancer diagnosis.

Methods

Population‐based registry data were linked with Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and Medicare Benefits Schedule data for all prostate cancer patients diagnosed in South Australia between 2012 and 2020 (n = 13,693). We estimated the proportion and rates of psychotropic medication and mental health service use before and after diagnosis. Multivariable adjusted interrupted time series analyses (ITSA) were conducted to uncover temporal patterns.

Results

Fifteen percent of men commenced psychotropic medications and 6.4% sought out mental health services for the first time after diagnosis. Psychotropic medication use rose from 34.5% 5 years before to 40.3% 5 years after diagnosis, including an increase in use of antidepressants (from 20.7% to 26.0%) and anxiolytics (from 11.3% to 12.8%). Mental health service use increased from 10.2% to 12.1%, with the increase mostly being general practice mental health visits (from 7.8% to 10.6%). Multivariable ITSA indicated a significant rise in medication and service utilisation immediately before and in the first 2 years following prostate cancer diagnosis.

Conclusion

There is a clear increase in psychotropic medication use and mental health service use around the time of prostate cancer diagnosis. Mental health outcomes of men with prostate cancer may be improved with early mental health screening, particularly during the diagnosis process, to enable early intervention.
Optical and Structural Properties of Cuprous Oxide Shell Coated Gold Nanoprisms
Authors: Zámbó Dániel , Kovács Dávid , Deák András
Published: July 2024

Cuprous oxide nanoparticles can be prepared with a great morphological control, and their composites with gold nanostructures are intensively studied owing to their catalytic performance. In this study, cuprous oxide shell growth on nanosized prism‐shaped gold nanoparticles is investigated, where the core‐particle morphology does not match the prototypical cubic or octahedral symmetry of the embedding cuprous oxide particle. It is shown that different shell morphology is obtained depending on the reducing agent used for the shell deposition. Strong reducing agent (hydrazine) leads to a multi‐slab‐like coating with smooth facets, while under milder conditions (hydroxylamine) a multi‐grain coating is obtained. Successful realization of time‐dependent spectroscopic and structural investigations indicate that in this latter case cuprous oxide shell growth is initiated site‐selectively, namely in the highly curved regions of the particle, with a higher growth rate around the tips of the nanoprisms. This is supported by correlative single‐nanoparticle spectroscopy/scanning electron microscopy measurements, that allow to establish the connection between the optical properties and the structure of these plasmonic/semiconductor core/shell nanoparticles.
Using a longitudinal qualitative approach to understand the lived experiences of caregivers of infants with obstructive sleep apnea who require chronic noninvasive respiratory support
Authors: Canella Rachel , Feld Lance , Balmer Dorene , Franklin Melanie , Cielo Christopher , Xanthopoulos Melissa S.
Published: July 2024

Objective

Although positive airway pressure (PAP) is effective for treating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in infants, there is a lack of data on caregivers' experiences administering PAP at home. Understanding caregivers' perspectives may change health care professionals approach to PAP initiation. Our study aimed to gain comprehensive insight into caregivers' beliefs, perceptions, and challenges associated with implementing PAP for infants with OSA, considering the transition from inpatient hospitalization to home.

Methods

In this single‐center prospective longitudinal study, caregivers of infants with OSA less than 12 months old who were initiated PAP during inpatient hospitalization underwent two semi‐structured interviews over 3 months. The interview data were analyzed using directed content analysis, utilizing the health belief and socioecological models as theoretical frameworks. Data were coded and clustered into themes that reflected the evolving perspectives and experiences of caregivers.

Results

Eight caregivers completed semi‐structured interviews, revealing three key themes. First, despite initial negative attitudes towards the equipment, caregivers recognized PAP benefits and through self‐efficacy and cues to action, were motivated to use PAP at home. Second, caregivers encountered various barriers to adherence; however, caregivers' self‐efficacy improved with time and practice. Lastly, interpersonal, organizational, and community support enhanced adherence while lack thereof hindered implementation.

Conclusion

Caregivers of infants with OSA understand the importance of PAP therapy. Providing family‐centered care and targeted interventions helps caregivers maintain adherence to PAP for infants. By understanding the lived experiences of caregivers, health care professionals can better meet the needs of families and optimize the effectiveness of PAP.
Telemedicine and home spirometry in cystic fibrosis: A prospective multicenter study
Authors: Medbo Jakob , Imberg Henrik , Hansen Christine , Krantz Christina , de Monestrol Isabelle , Svedberg Marcus
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Telehealth and home spirometry feasibility for children has been established, but their impact on cystic fibrosis (CF) disease progression remains unassessed. We aimed to evaluate the effects of telehealth and home spirometry on CF disease progression and care.

Methods

Children with CF aged 5–17 years from all Swedish CF centers were provided with home spirometers. A minimum of two in‐person visits were replaced with telemedicine visits and participants were instructed to conduct home spirometry before visits. Linear mixed‐effects models were used to compare annual CF disease trajectories during the intervention period and prepandemic period (1 January 2019 to 28 February 2020). Participants and caregivers completed study questionnaires.

Results

A total of 59 individuals completed the study over a mean (SD) period of 6.8 (1.4) months, made 3.1 (1.0) physical visits and 2.2 (0.6) telehealth visits per patient year during the study period. The mean difference (95% CI) between the intervention and prepandemic period progression rate for FEV1%, lung clearance index and BMI were −0.4 (−1.3 to 0.5, p = 0.39), 0.11 (−0.07 to 0.28, p = 0.25) and −0.02 (−0.13 to 0.08, p = 0.70), respectively. There were no major shifts in the incidence of airway pathogens, sputum cultures, or antibiotics use between the periods (p > 0.05). The intervention did not increase stress. Almost all participants and caregivers expressed a desire to continue with home spirometry and telemedicine.

Conclusion

Combining telehealth and physical visits with access to home spirometry demonstrated comparable effectiveness as exclusively in‐person care with enhanced flexibility and personalization of CF care.
Type 1 diabetes prevention clinical trial simulator: Case reports of model‐informed drug development tool
Authors: Morales Juan Francisco , Klose Marian , Hoffert Yannick , Podichetty Jagdeep T. , Burton Jackson , Schmidt Stephan , Romero Klaus , O'Doherty Inish , Martin Frank , Campbell‐Thompson Martha , Haller Michael J. , Atkinson Mark A. , Kim Sarah
Published: July 2024

Clinical trials seeking to delay or prevent the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) face a series of pragmatic challenges. Despite more than 100 years since the discovery of insulin, teplizumab remains the only FDA‐approved therapy to delay progression from Stage 2 to Stage 3 T1D. To increase the efficiency of clinical trials seeking this goal, our project sought to inform T1D clinical trial designs by developing a disease progression model‐based clinical trial simulation tool. Using individual‐level data collected from the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention and The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young natural history studies, we previously developed a quantitative joint model to predict the time to T1D onset. We then applied trial‐specific inclusion/exclusion criteria, sample sizes in treatment and placebo arms, trial duration, assessment interval, and dropout rate. We implemented a function for presumed drug effects. To increase the size of the population pool, we generated virtual populations using multivariate normal distribution and ctree machine learning algorithms. As an output, power was calculated, which summarizes the probability of success, showing a statistically significant difference in the time distribution until the T1D diagnosis between the two arms. Using this tool, power curves can also be generated through iterations. The web‐based tool is publicly available: https://app.cop.ufl.edu/t1d/. Herein, we briefly describe the tool and provide instructions for simulating a planned clinical trial with two case studies. This tool will allow for improved clinical trial designs and accelerate efforts seeking to prevent or delay the onset of T1D.
Impact of Cr3+/Mo6+/W6+ Doping on Dipolar Relaxation and AC Conductivity in Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2 Glasses
Authors: Vijaya Krishna Seetepalli , Pavić Luka , Bafti Arijeta , Pisk Jana , Bhadrarao Dhanisetti , Rao Yeti Dana , Sekhar Ayyagari Venkata , Babu Vandana Chitti , Kumar Vandana Ravi , Veeraiah Nalluri
Published: July 2024

In this investigation, results of dielectric features of Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2 (LAS) glass doped with 3.0 mol% of Cr2O3, MoO3, and WO3 are presented. The investigation spans broad regions of frequency (ω) 10−2–106 Hz and temperature (T) 20–240 °C. Initial characterization of the samples by means of optical absorption spectra reveals that Cr ions do persist in Cr3+oxidation state, whereas fractions of Mo and W ions do present in Mo5+ and W5+ states in addition to predominant presence Mo6+ and W6 + ions, respectively. Infrared spectra suggest that Mo5+ and W5+ ions involve in modifying the network of the glass and induced structural disorder. Dielectric parameters and also σac are observed to be the largest for 40Li2O–5Al2O3–52SiO2:3.0 MoO3 (LASMo) glass followed by 40Li2O–5Al2O3–52SiO2:3.0 WO3 (LASW) and 40Li2O–5Al2O3–52SiO2:3.0 Cr2O3 (LASCr) glasses. Analysis of dipolar relaxation phenomena are carried out using Cole–Cole plots. Analysis of the results of σac suggests that polaronic conduction due to electron transfer between Mo5+ ↔ Mo6+ and W5+ ↔ W6+ is prevailed in case of LASMo and LASW glasses and these glasses are predicted to be useful as cathodes, whereas in LASCr glass, ionic conductivity is dominant and is suitable for electrolytes in ionic batteries.
Analysis of Subsurface Damage Structures of Gallium Nitride Substrates Induced by Mechanical Polishing with Diamond Abrasives
Authors: Omiya Natsuko , Aida Hideo , Takeda Hidetoshi , Kanda Motoki , Doi Toshiro
Published: July 2024

Subsurface damage (SSD) structures induced by mechanical polishing of gallium nitride (GaN) substrates are comprehensively investigated using atomic force microscopy, cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging, and cross‐sectional transmittance electron microscopy. The low removal rate of the CMP process is a barrier to high productivity of a GaN wafering process; therefore, reducing the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process time by reducing the depth of SSD induced by mechanical processing is an active research area. To better understand the SSD structures, the surface roughness, SSD depth, and SSD distributions induced by mechanical polishing are quantitatively evaluated in this study. The SSD structures induced by mechanical polishing can be quantitatively exhibited as the SSD distribution with the damage strength at the outermost surface and the damage propagation, which are obtained by CMP process time‐resolved CL imaging method. On the basis of the analysis results, a schematic model of the SSD structures for mechanically polished GaN substrates is proposed.
Phytochemical‐mediated modulation of autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress as a cancer therapeutic approach
Authors: Al Azzani Mazoun , Nizami Zohra Nausheen , Magramane Rym , Sekkal Mohammed N. , Eid Ali H. , Al Dhaheri Yusra , Iratni Rabah
Published: July 2024

Autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are conserved processes that generally promote survival, but can induce cell death when physiological thresholds are crossed. The pro‐survival aspects of these processes are exploited by cancer cells for tumor development and progression. Therefore, anticancer drugs targeting autophagy or ER stress to induce cell death and/or block the pro‐survival aspects are being investigated extensively. Consistently, several phytochemicals have been reported to exert their anticancer effects by modulating autophagy and/or ER stress. Various phytochemicals (e.g., celastrol, curcumin, emodin, resveratrol, among others) activate the unfolded protein response to induce ER stress‐mediated apoptosis through different pathways. Similarly, various phytochemicals induce autophagy through different mechanisms (namely mechanistic target of Rapamycin [mTOR] inhibition). However, phytochemical‐induced autophagy can function either as a cytoprotective mechanism or as programmed cell death type II. Interestingly, at times, the same phytochemical (e.g., 6‐gingerol, emodin, shikonin, among others) can induce cytoprotective autophagy or programmed cell death type II depending on cellular contexts, such as cancer type. Although there is well‐documented mechanistic interplay between autophagy and ER stress, only a one‐way modulation was noted with some phytochemicals (carnosol, capsaicin, cryptotanshinone, guangsangon E, kaempferol, and δ‐tocotrienol): ER stress‐dependent autophagy. Plant extracts are sources of potent phytochemicals and while numerous phytochemicals have been investigated in preclinical and clinical studies, the search for novel phytochemicals with anticancer effects is ongoing from plant extracts used in traditional medicine (e.g., Origanum majorana). Nonetheless, the clinical translation of phytochemicals, a promising avenue for cancer therapeutics, is hindered by several limitations that need to be addressed in future studies.
Comparing the long‐term follow‐up anal function between robot‐assisted and laparoscopic surgery for low rectal cancer: A meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Cao Gaoyang , Zhao Yaoyao , Zhang Xinjie , Man Da , Wang Fei , Cai Xianlei
Published: July 2024

Background

Robotic‐assisted surgery (RAS) is increasingly used for treating low rectal cancer. Its comparative effectiveness against laparoscopic surgery (LAS) in enhancing long‐term anal function remains uncertain.

Methods

A meta‐analysis was conducted to compare long‐term anal function outcomes between patients undergoing RAS and LAS. Meta‐regression and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess available evidence. Studies published up to September 2023 in English or Chinese were included.

Results

Seven studies were identified. RAS patients exhibited lower low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) scores (standardised mean difference [SMD] = −1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.64 to −0.15) and Wexner scores (SMD = −0.74; 95% CI: −1.20 to −0.27) compared with LAS patients. However, RAS did not significantly reduce major LARS risk (odds ratio = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.68–1.04).

Conclusions

RAS slightly improved postoperative anal function compared with LAS. Further studies with large samples are warranted to confirm or update our findings.
Distributed fast F‐T control for UAV formation in the presence of unknown input disturbances
Authors: Liao Hongjin , Chen Xin , Jia Jiangbo , Zhu Guangyuan
Published: July 2024

This paper addresses the problem of fixed‐time (F‐T) control for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) formation under unknown input disturbances to achieve moving target tracking. First, a kinematic model with uncertainties is employed to analyze the transient response of the UAV formation accurately. Next, based on a fast F‐T lemma, an F‐T disturbance observer is constructed to estimate the unknown disturbances. Subsequently, based on the designed observer and fast F‐T lemma, a distributed F‐T guidance law that controls multi‐UAV to track a moving target in a desired formation is introduced. Then, through rigorous mathematical proof, it is established that the control strategy enables the formation system to achieve F‐T stability, and the convergence time is independent of the system's initial states. Finally, the validity of the proposed control method is demonstrated through numerical simulation and presented in a realistic visual simulation scenario created using Unreal Engine 4 (UE4).
Global SDG composite indicator: A new methodological proposal that combines compensatory and non‐compensatory aggregations
Authors: Blancas Francisco Javier , Contreras Ignacio
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a Global Sustainable Development Goals Composite Indicator to assess the grade in the achieving of targets associated with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) approved in the 2030 Agenda. Based on a critical analysis of the SDG Index, we propose a new aggregation methodology that combines compensatory and non‐compensatory aggregation rules. At a first level, a compensatory indicator is obtained by means of a generalized average which is penalized according to the horizontal heterogeneity of each country and the number of uncontrolled indicators in the territory. At a second level, the set of compensatory indicators of each SDG is aggregated by means of a synthetic non‐compensatory indicator based on an ordinal Benefit of the Doubt model. An empirical study is presented for a set of 32 OECD member countries, which shows the potential of this new tool for planning sustainable development policies focused on the identification of weaknesses.
Reflecting on Zagonel's dichotomy of microworlds and boundary objects
Authors: Black Laura J.
Published: July 2024

Aldo Zagonel's distinction between “microworld” and “boundary object” approaches to modeling suggests we ask ourselves pointed questions about what we are valuing, under what conditions, as we involve stakeholders with system dynamics representations. Reflecting on developments in both participatory modeling and large system simulations, I propose that Zagonel's dichotomous descriptions lie along a continuum, with room for scholars and practitioners to explore more explicitly the multiple ways we adapt system dynamics methods to the needs and capacities of the stakeholders with whom we are working at that time. Regardless of approach, whether simulation models or causal diagrams, modifiable in the moment or fixed by design, the goal of using system dynamics representations remains focused on fostering intelligent action among the stakeholders facing the problem of focus. © 2024 The Author(s). System Dynamics Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of System Dynamics Society.
Dual S‐Scheme Ta3N5/Bi2O2CO3/Ta2O5 With Hierarchical Pore Structures for Enhanced Photodegradation of Dye‐Performance and Mechanism
Authors: Ji Xiaohui , Li Chen , Liu Junhai , Luo Xuegang
Published: July 2024

A dual S‐scheme heterojunction of Ta3N5/Bi2O2CO3/Ta2O5 was synthesized with enhanced photoactivity for MB degradation. The Ta3N5 modification introduces hierarchical pore structures in composite, which is conducive to dye absorption and degradation. Ta3N5 also enhances the light harvesting capability and improves the carrier separation and transfer efficiency of composite due to its superior photoelectrical properties. A S‐scheme heterojunction was proved to be formed between Ta3N5 and Bi2O2CO3, which not only accelerates the carrier separation and transfer efficiency, but also preserves electrons and holes with superior redox capability in composite. Thus, the formation of ⋅O2− and ⋅OH with superior oxidation capability were significantly enhanced in Ta3N5/Bi2O2CO3 composite. MB (20 mg/L) degradation efficiency was enhanced from 55 % of Ta3N5 and Bi2O2CO3 in 3 hours to almost 95 % of Ta3N5/Bi2O2CO3 composite. Because Ta3N5 was partly oxidized to Ta2O5 during preparation, a dual S‐scheme heterojunction of Ta3N5/Bi2O2CO3/Ta2O5 was proposed, which provided an exemplary way of fabricating dual S‐scheme heterojunction involving Ta3N5 and Ta2O5.
Correlating Thickness and Phase of Single Co(OH)2 Micro‐Platelets to the Intrinsic Activity of Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis
Authors: Qiu Ji , Yuan Jiangmei , Chu Xiaoqing , Chen Shu , Zhang Jie , Peng Zhangquan
Published: July 2024

Morphology, crystal phase, and its transformation are important structures that frequently determine electrocatalytic activity, but the correlations of intrinsic activity with them are not completely understood. Herein, using Co(OH)2 micro‐platelets with well‐defined structures (phase, thickness, area, and volume) as model electrocatalysts of oxygen evolution reaction, multiple in situ microscopy is combined to correlate the electrocatalytic activity with morphology, phase, and its transformation. Single‐entity morphology and electrochemistry characterized by atomic force microscopy and scanning electrochemical cell microscopy reveal a thickness‐dependent turnover frequency (TOF) of α‐Co(OH)2. The TOF (≈9.5 s−1) of α‐Co(OH)2 with ≈14 nm thickness is ≈95‐fold higher than that (≈0.1 s−1) with ≈80 nm. Moreover, this thickness‐dependent activity has a critical thickness of ≈30 nm, above which no thickness‐dependence is observed. Contrarily, β‐Co(OH)2 reveals a lower TOF (≈0.1 s−1) having no significant correlation with thickness. Combining single‐entity electrochemistry with in situ Raman microspectroscopy, this thickness‐dependent activity is explained by more reversible Co3+/Co2+ kinetics and larger ratio of active Co sites of thinner α‐Co(OH)2, accompanied with faster phase transformation and more extensive surface restructuration. The findings highlight the interactions among thickness, ratio of active sites, kinetics of active sites, and phase transformation, and offer new insights into structure–activity relationships at single‐entity level.
Wireless Alerts and Data Monitoring from BNNO‐MWCNTs/PDMS Composite Film‐Based TENG Integrated Inhaler for Smart Healthcare Application
Authors: Kavarthapu Venkata Siva , Paranjape Mandar Vasant , Manchi Punnarao , Kurakula Anand , Lee Jun Kyu , Graham Sontyana Adonijah , Yu Jae Su
Published: July 2024

In recent years, the implementation of energy‐harvesting technology in medical equipment has attracted significant interest owing to its potential for self‐powered and smart healthcare systems. Herein, the integration of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is proposed into an inhaler for energy‐harvesting and smart inhalation monitoring. For this initially, barium sodium niobium oxide (Ba2NaNb5O15) microparticles (BNNO MPs) are synthesized via a facile solid‐state synthesis process. The BNNO MPs with ferroelectricity and high dielectric constant are incorporated into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer to make BNNO/PDMS composite films (CFs) for TENG fabrication. The fabricated TENG is operated in a contact‐separation mode, and its electrical output performance is compared to establish the optimal BNNO MPs concentration. Furthermore, multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), a conductive filler material, are used to enhance the electrical conductivity of the CFs, thereby improving the electrical output performance of the TENG. The robustness/durability of the proposed BNNO‐MWCNTs/PDMS CF‐based TENG are investigated. The proposed TENG device is demonstrated to harvest electrical energy from mechanical motions via regular human activities and power portable electronics. The TENG is integrated into the inhaler casing to count the number of sprays remaining in the canister, send the notification to a smartphone via Bluetooth, and harvest energy.