bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A “femínea voz”: ethos e moral em Hespaña Libertada de Bernarda Ferreira de Lacerda
Authors: Ganhão Mónica
Published: September 2021

Bernarda Ferreira de Lacerda foi uma escritora portuguesa, autora de Hespaña Libertada publicada em 1618. A sua obra tem sido pouco estudada, ainda que (ou por que) se trate de um trabalho de mulher num universo literário dominado por homens: poucos são os estudos a ela consagrados e menos ainda os que têm em consideração esta obra épica. Neste artigo estudaremos a construção de um ethos autoral identificado com o sexo feminino e a sua relação com apreciações acerca de comportamentos femininos de cariz moralizante. A autora reformula um género textual androcêntrico para destacar o seu próprio género sexual e as personagens secundarizadas pela historiografia.
Uma rabiscadora: Helena Lima Santos, cronista do Alto Sertão Baiano
Authors: Nogueira Maria Lúcia Porto , Silva Zoraide Portela
Published: September 2021

No presente artigo, buscamos analisar as práticas discursivas de Helena Lima Santos, escritora baiana, em textos jornalísticos produzidos na década de 1990. Na perspectiva dos estudos feministas e literários, utilizamos as categorias “experiência” e “memória” para analisar a forma como a autora procurou defender a cultura sertaneja e a preservação das singularidades de um espaço-tempo social. Selecionamos doze crônicas sobre educação, ensino de qualidade, defesa do patrimônio histórico e cultural e críticas a conjunturas político-sociais para esmiuçar e problematizar as questões de gênero sub-repticiamente implícitas nas narrativas, sem desprezar os rastros de uma escrita autobiográfica.
Resistência feminista em Mercado de Escravas, de Leila Míccolis e Glória Perez
Authors: Almeida Evelyn Santos , Silva Cristiano Augusto da
Published: September 2021

Nesse artigo, analisamos poemas da obra Mercado de escravas (1984), de Leila Míccolis e Glória Perez, que problematizam o papel da mulher na sociedade moderna patriarcal, sob a perspectiva da crítica às relações afetivas, relações vendidas como afetivas pela cultura, mas que na verdade se configuram como abusivas (sejam elas familiares ou amorosas). As autoras denunciam, com firmeza e humor, por meio de versos ácidos e debochados, o ambiente machista e tirânico no núcleo familiar e na relação conjugal, a partir de uma voz lírica nitidamente feminista e de uma sólida vontade de resistência ao logofalocentrismo.
Individualism during Crises
Authors: Bian Bo , Li Jingjing , Xu Ting , Foutz Natasha Z.
Published: September 2021

Individualism has long been linked to economic growth. Using the COVID-19 pandemic, we show that such a culture can hamper the economy's response to crises, a period with heightened coordination frictions. Exploiting variation in U.S. counties' frontier experience, we show that more individualistic counties engage less in social distancing and charitable transfers and are less willing to receive COVID-19 vaccines. The effect of individualism is stronger where social distancing has higher externality and holds at the individual level when we exploit migrants for identification. Our results suggest that individualism can exacerbate collective action problems during economic downturns.
C. C. Martindale (1879–1963), the History of Religions, and the Theological Imagination of David Jones (1895–1974)
Authors: Svendsen Anna
Published: September 2021

Although the work of his Jesuit contemporaries Ronald Knox and Martin D’Arcy is perhaps better known today, C. C. [Cyril Charlie] Martindale’s (1879–1963) thinking about “the relationship between paganism and Christianity” in the early twentieth-century theological debates surrounding the field of “History of Religions” would have a profound effect on the unique intersection of theological thinking and artistic form in the work of the British Catholic poet and painter David Jones (1895–1974). Jones’s reading of Martindale’s short story collection The Goddess of Ghosts (1915) in 1919 would help to resolve a “religious crisis” Jones experienced in his exposure to the arguments of the skeptical scholar of “History of Religions,” James Frazer. Martindale’s presentation of his ideas in a literary form not only provided Jones with a hermeneutic (derived from the church fathers) for thinking about the relationship between paganism and Christianity, but also suggested an artistic model for exploring theological ideas with literary language.
Grave Matters: Juan Eusebio Nieremberg’s Partida a la eternidad (1643) and Jesuit Approaches to Death in Early Modern Spain
Authors: Scott Hendrickson D.
Published: September 2021

This article examines the key themes in Juan Eusebio Nieremberg’s Partida a la eternidad and its relationship to the Jesuit production of ars moriendi tracts in early modern Spain. Special attention is given to the intended readership of this and other similar texts, the focus Nieremberg places on the reading of devotional books and treatises, and the manner in which Jesuit death manuals came to reflect the emerging apostolic goals and the spiritual tradition in the Society of Jesus around the time of its first centenary. Here, the author highlights Nieremberg’s inclusion of imaginative and visual contemplations, his approach to condemnation and hell, and the rhetoric he develops around the joy and delight readers are invited to experience in the actual, or imagined, states of illness and dying.
A new species of Sparsorythus Sroka & Soldán, 2008 (Ephemeroptera: Tricorythidae) from Western Ghats, Southern India
Authors: MUTHUKATTURAJA MARIMUTHU , BALASUBRAMANIAN CHELLAIAH
Published: September 2021

A little stout crawler mayfly Sparsorythus nanjangudensis sp. nov., is described based on nymphs and male adult from Western Ghats, southern India. The new species is differentiated from all known species on the basis of the extended anterolateral margin of pronotum, absence of subapical teeth on claws and wing pads reaching abdominal segment III. Distribution and ecological notes are provided for the new species.
Exploring the Use of Virtual Funerals during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review
Authors: MacNeil Andie , Findlay Blythe , Bimman Rennie , Hocking Taylor , Barclay Tali , Ho Jacqueline
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic and physical distancing limitations have had a profound impact on funeral practices and associated grieving processes. The purpose of the present scoping review is to summarize the existing literature on the emerging use of virtual funerals. Five medical databases, five social science databases, and five grey literature databases were searched, identifying 1,351 titles and abstracts, of which 62 met inclusion criteria. Four themes, each with various subthemes emerged: (a) Impact of virtual funerals on coping with death; (b) Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the funeral industry; (c) Benefits and disadvantages of virtual funerals; and (d) Future implications for health and social work practitioners. Virtual funerals are an evolving resource for individuals, families, and communities to mourn in response to the interruptions to traditional grieving practices due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
End-of-Life Doulas: Documenting Their Backgrounds and Services
Authors: Dellinger Page Amy , Husain Jonelle H.
Published: September 2021

This is an exploratory study to document the demographic characteristics, backgrounds, and services provided by trained and certified INELDA end-of-life doulas. Like birth doulas, end-of-life doulas represent a divergent, yet complementary form of care for dying persons. The purpose of end-of-life care is to facilitate comfort of the dying person and their closest family members. Surveys were completed by 618 end-of-life doulas regarding their demographic characteristics, employment backgrounds, services, and their experiences providing end of life care to dying persons and their closest family members. Follow-up qualitative interviews were also conducted with a subset of 39 respondents who completed the original survey. Results show that trained doulas are largely white (91.4%), female (90.4%), hold a Bachelor’s (32.3%) or Masters (32.4%) degree, and are employed outside of their EOLD work (70.1%). Qualitative data details services provided to dying persons and family members in addition to the benefits and challenges of working with traditional healthcare settings.
Building Programmatic Linkages in the Periphery: The Case of the TRT Party in Thailand
Authors: Nam Illan , Nethipo Viengrat
Published: September 2021

Did the Thai Rak Thai (TRT) Party of Thailand, the first party in the country’s history to gain parliamentary dominance in 2001, represent a departure from traditional clientelistic Thai parties or was it old wine in a new bottle? This article argues that the TRT represented a new hybrid party that successfully established programmatic linkages in rural parts of the country by systematizing its use of informal social networks in local communities. By routinizing recruitment, training, and evaluation of its parliamentary candidates and their vote-canvassing networks, the TRT imparted midlevel politicians with the incentives and ability to promote the party’s policy agenda to rural voters and to cultivate new policy-oriented linkages alongside traditional clientelistic ones. By identifying specific organizational mechanisms by which the TRT combined programmatic and clientelistic linkages with rural voters, this study contributes to literature that examines hybrid party strategies as well as informal party organization.
The influence of heterogeneity and initial stress on the propagation of Love-type wave in a transversely isotropic layer subjected to rotation
Authors: Bayones Fatimah Salem , Hussein Nahed Sayed , Abd-Alla Abdelmooty Mohamed , Alharbi Amnah Mohamed
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

In this paper, a mathematical model of Love-type wave propagation in a heterogeneous transversely isotropic elastic layer subjected to initial stress and rotation of the resting on a rigid foundation. Frequency equation of Love-type wave is obtained in closed form. The material constants and initial stress have been taken as space dependent and arbitrary functions of depth in the respective media.

Objectives:

The dispersion equation is determined to study the effect of different types of parameters such as inhomogeneity, initial stress, rotation, wave number, the phase velocity on the Love-type wave propagation.

Methods:

The analytical solution has been obtained, we have used the separation of variables, method and the numerical solution using the bisection method implemented in MATLAB.

Results:

We present a general dispersion relation to describe the impacts as the propagation of Love-type waves in the structures. Numerical results analyzing the dispersion equation are discussed and presented graphically. Moreover, the obtained dispersion relation is found in well agreement with the classical case in isotropic and transversely isotropic layer resting on a rigid foundation. Finally, some graphical presentations have been made to assess the effects of various parameters in the plane wave propagation in elastic media of different nature.
Local Leaders and Tourism Development: A Case Study in China
Authors: Deng Taotao , Zhao Weishu , Ma Mulan
Published: September 2021

As the main stakeholders and promoters, local governments are playing an increasingly significant role in local tourism development. However, up to now, little attention has been given to the effect of characteristics of local government leaders on tourism development. Based on a unique city leader–linked data set of 30 typical tourism-dependent cities for the period 2005–2018, this study explores the effect of the tenure and the personal characteristics of local leaders on tourism development. It is found that there is an inverted-U-shaped relationship between the tenure of the local leaders and tourism development. Moreover, compared with the local leaders without work experience in tourism sectors, the local leaders with work experience in tourism sectors have more advantages in boosting tourism development.
Constitutional Majoritarianism against Popular “Regulation” in the Federalist
Authors: Wilson James Lindley
Published: September 2021

In this essay, I make the interpretive claim that we cannot properly understand the Federalist without appreciating the extent to which the papers mount a sustained rejection of extra-constitutional democracy—practices in which people aim to assert authority over the terms of common life in ways that are not sanctioned by existing laws. I survey such practices, which were common in America before and after the Revolution. I argue that there is continuity between Publius’s justification for rejecting extra-constitutional democracy and his justification for his preferred system against constitutional alternatives. Adequate analysis and evaluation of the Federalist’s arguments about faction, representation, and institutional design require attention to the double duty the arguments play against constitutional and extra-constitutional opposition. This interpretive argument supports several analytic and evaluative conclusions. First, we must distinguish a new form of “non-hierarchical dualist” constitutionalism, according to which irregular democratic activity need not be limited to extraordinary “constitutional moments” or revolutions. Second, the politically egalitarian character of procedures depends not on the procedures alone, but how the maintenance of such procedures limits other forms of democratic practice. Third, the argument suggests a novel defense of “uncivil” disobedient politics: one grounded not in contributions to democratic deliberation, but in the entitlements of citizens to direct assertions of authority over common life.
Predicting Beliefs in Psychological Misconceptions with Psychology Knowledge and the Critical Reflection Test: A Replication and Extension
Authors: Cho Kit W.
Published: September 2021

Background: Psychological misconceptions permeate our culture, with many people endorsing these erroneous beliefs. Objective: The purpose of this study was to replicate and extend previous findings that reported psychology knowledge and cognitive thinking style predict undergraduates’ beliefs in psychological misconceptions. Method: Two hundred and ninety-six undergraduates participated in an online survey in which they completed a psychological misconceptions questionnaire and the Critical Reflection Test (CRT). Participants’ academic information (i.e., number of psychology and non-psychology courses taken and overall psychology GPA) was retrieved via institutional data. Results: Number of psychology courses, psychology GPA, and CRT score were all positive correlates of rejecting psychological misconceptions. Conclusion: Students who took more and attained higher grades in psychology courses and engaged in more reflective and analytical thinking are less likely to affirm psychological misconceptions. Teaching Implications: Psychology courses, particularly those that include activities and assessments to bolster reflective and analytical thinking skills, could be effective means to reduce students’ beliefs in psychological misconceptions.
Suicide reduction in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons informing national prevention strategies for suicide reduction
Authors: McIntyre Roger S , Lui Leanna MW , Rosenblat Joshua D , Ho Roger , Gill Hartej , Mansur Rodrigo B , Teopiz Kayla , Liao Yuhua , Lu Ciyong , Subramaniapillai Mehala , Nasri Flora , Lee Yena
Published: September 2021

Objective

The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of federal, public health and social support programs on national suicide rates in Canada.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Canadian National Database (i.e., Statistics Canada) and Statista.

Participants

Population-level data, and economic and consumer market data.

Main Outcome Measures

Suicide mortality data, population data and unemployment data were obtained from available statistical databases (e.g. Statistics Canada). We quantified suicide rate by dividing the total number of suicide deaths by the national population expressed as a rate per 100,000 population.

Results

Overall suicide mortality rate decreased in Canada from 10.82 deaths per 100,000 in the March 2019 - February 2020 period to 7.34 per 100,000 (i.e. absolute difference of 1300 deaths) in the March 2020 - February 2021 period. The overall Canadian unemployment rate changed from an average monthly rate of 5.7% in 2019 to 9.5% in 2020.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that for the first post-pandemic interval evaluated (i.e., March 2020 - February 2021), suicide rates in Canada decreased against a background of extraordinary public health measures intended to mitigate community spread of COVID-19. An externality of public health measures was a significant rise in national unemployment rates in population measures of distress. Our results suggest that government interventions that broadly aim to reduce measures of insecurity (i.e., economic, housing, health), and timely psychiatric services, should be prioritised as part of a national suicide reduction strategy, not only during but after termination of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Understanding non-linearity in electrochemical systems using multisine-based non-linear characterization
Authors: Fan Chuanxin , Grandjean Thomas R.B. , O’Regan Kieran , Kendrick Emma , Widanage Widanalage D.
Published: September 2021

Background:

With the development of advanced characterization techniques, lithium-ion battery non-linearities have recently gained increased attention which can benefit battery health diagnosis and ageing mechanism identification. In comparison to conventional single sine wave-based methods, the multisine-based non-linear characterization method has the advantage of capturing the dynamic voltage response within a short testing duration, and therefore has further development potential for on-board applications. However, understanding lithium-ion battery electrochemical processes that contribute to battery non-linearities is still unclear.

Methods:

In this paper, the sensitivity of the Doyle–Fuller–Newman model parameters are analysed in the frequency domain to investigate the electrochemical processes that contribute to the non-linear dynamics of the voltage response. To begin with, the non-linearities of the Doyle–Fuller–Newman model with validated parameters are characterized and compared to experimental data from a commercial cell. This demonstrated a significant difference between the mathematical model and the non-linearities determined experimentally. Then, a global sensitivity analysis is applied to determine the most sensitive parameter contributing to battery non-linearities. Finally, the appropriate value of the most sensitive parameter which results in the closest non-linear response to the commercial battery is estimated through minimizing the root mean square error.

Results:

The results show that the charge transfer coefficient is the most sensitive parameter contributing to battery non-linearities among the Doyle–Fuller–Newman model parameters. The non-linear response of the Doyle–Fuller–Newman model is validated with good agreement with the experimental results, when the Butler–Volmer kinetic is asymmetrical due to the unequal anodic and cathodic charge transfer coefficients.
Contralateral Pectoralis Flap for Repair of Spinal Hardware-Associated Fistula
Authors: Azhdam Ariel M. , Borrelli Michela , Orosco Ryan K.
Published: September 2021

We report a case of a recurrent hypopharyngeal fistula following spinal hardware placement that required multiple procedures. The course was complicated by a medication error and ultimately the fistula resolved after contralateral pectoralis muscle flap.
Problem Finding, Divergent Thinking, and Evaluative Thinking Among Gifted and Nongifted Students
Authors: Abdulla Alabbasi Ahmed M. , Hafsyan Amnah S. M. , Runco Mark A. , AlSaleh Aseel
Published: September 2021

Investigations of differences between gifted and nongifted students have examined cognitive abilities, including intelligence quotient (IQ) differences, higher order thinking skills, and divergent thinking (DT). However, little is known about differences in problem finding (PF). Moreover, previous works on gifted students have never explored associations between PF and evaluative thinking (ET). Both PF and ET play a role in the creative process. The present study tested relationships between PF, DT, and ET and examined differences between gifted ( N = 175) and nongifted students ( N = 188). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences between gifted and nongifted students’ PF, DT, and ET, with effect sizes (η2) ranging from 0.048 to 0.192. Gender differences were also analyzed; gifted girls scored significantly higher than gifted boys in PF fluency and originality, DT originality, and in ET in PF. Originality scores in DT and PF significantly predicted the accuracy of students’ ET ( R2 = 34%–42%). Finally, canonical correlation analyses showed moderate-to-strong correlations between DT, PF, and ET scores. Limitations of this study are discussed.
Learning from demonstration using products of experts: Applications to manipulation and task prioritization
Authors: Pignat Emmanuel , Silvério Joāo , Calinon Sylvain
Published: September 2021

Probability distributions are key components of many learning from demonstration (LfD) approaches, with the spaces chosen to represent tasks playing a central role. Although the robot configuration is defined by its joint angles, end-effector poses are often best explained within several task spaces. In many approaches, distributions within relevant task spaces are learned independently and only combined at the control level. This simplification implies several problems that are addressed in this work. We show that the fusion of models in different task spaces can be expressed as products of experts (PoE), where the probabilities of the models are multiplied and renormalized so that it becomes a proper distribution of joint angles. Multiple experiments are presented to show that learning the different models jointly in the PoE framework significantly improves the quality of the final model. The proposed approach particularly stands out when the robot has to learn hierarchical objectives that arise when a task requires the prioritization of several sub-tasks (e.g. in a humanoid robot, keeping balance has a higher priority than reaching for an object). Since training the model jointly usually relies on contrastive divergence, which requires costly approximations that can affect performance, we propose an alternative strategy using variational inference and mixture model approximations. In particular, we show that the proposed approach can be extended to PoE with a nullspace structure (PoENS), where the model is able to recover secondary tasks that are masked by the resolution of tasks of higher-importance.
The Importance of Internal and External Features in Matching Own and Other Race Faces
Authors: Havard Catriona
Published: September 2021

Research has shown that we are better at discriminating between faces that are our own race, and much less accurate with faces of another race. When the external features of faces were removed, this reduced the accuracy for recognizing other-races faces, more than own-race faces, suggesting that the external features (hair, face shape) are especially important for the recognition of other-race faces. The aim of the current study was to determine whether external features were more useful in matching other-race faces, and whether this was the case for Western and Eastern viewers. The current study employed a face matching task with Caucasian (U.K.) and Asian (Chinese) participants and found that responses were more accurate for own-race faces, and for whole faces when compared with faces where the internal or external features had been removed. Removing the external features of other-race faces increased the own-race bias for Chinese and U.K. participants, demonstrating the importance of viewing whole faces, including the external features when matching other-race faces.
Effects of Face Masks on Person Perception
Authors: Oldmeadow Julian A. , Koch Christoph
Published: September 2021

As face masks have become more commonplace in many regions due to COVID-19, concerns have been raised about their effects on the perception of mask wearers and social cohesion more broadly, including racial profiling. In two studies we examined the effects of masks on social judgments of mask wearers, and whether masks have different effects on judgments of Black and White faces. Participants rated 20 Black and 20 White faces with and without masks on trustworthiness/approachability (Studies 1 and 2) and on dominance/competence and attractiveness (Study 2). In both studies masks increased perceived trustworthiness and reduced the effect of face race on judgments. Masks also increased perceived attractiveness, but had no effect on the perception of dominance/competence. Overall, this study found no negative effects of face masks on judgments of mask wearers, though further research is needed.
Third-Party Vehicle Data Collection for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems Analysis
Authors: Berman Kathleen , Campbell Keith , Gawron Valerie , Long Jeffrey , Yuha Samir
Published: September 2021

Logs of vehicle controller area network (CAN) bus traffic supplemented by accelerometer and GPS data can provide valuable information about the use and operation of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) to the broader safety research community. Although CAN bus message codes are often manufacturer-specific, third-party libraries provide partial decoding of messages from many vehicle models, which can be augmented by reverse-engineering additional signals. This study explored the value of CAN bus, accelerometer, and GPS data that were logged on a variety of light vehicle models with an emphasis on availability of lane keep assist/lane departure warning, and adaptive cruise control. This study demonstrated that in-vehicle ADAS variables such as system on/off status and whether the system is actively controlling the vehicle could be determined on a variety of vehicle types. Associated control variables such as steering wheel angle, gas pedal state, and brake pedal state could also be determined from most vehicles tested. CAN messages, together with roadway features identified via GPS location, can provide a richer understanding of ADAS efficacy. Comparisons of message structure between models may also inform standardization efforts for electronic data recorders and telematics.
Deadhead Minimization with a Flexible Facility Locator Tool
Authors: Todd Kara , Brandel-Tanis Freyja , Arias Daniel , Edison Watkins Kari
Published: September 2021

As transit agencies expand, they may outgrow their existing bus storage and service facilities. When selecting a site for an additional facility, an important consideration is the change in bus deadhead time, which affects the agency’s operating costs. Minimizing bus deadhead time is the subject of many studies, though agencies may lack the necessary software or programming skill to implement those methods. This study presents a flexible tool for determination of bus facility location. Using the R dodgr package, it evaluates each candidate site based on a given bus network and existing depots and calculates the network minimum deadhead time for each potential set of facilities. Importantly, the tool could be used by any transit agency, no matter its resources. It runs on open-source software and uses only General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) and data inputs readily available to transit agencies in the U.S.A., filling the accessibility gap identified in the literature. The tool is demonstrated through a case study with the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA), which is considering a new bus depot as it builds its bus rapid transit network. The case study used current MARTA bus GTFS data, existing depot locations, and vacant properties from Fulton County, Georgia. The tool evaluated 17 candidate sites and found that the winning site would save 29.7 deadhead hours on a typical weekday, which translates to more than $12,000 daily based on operating cost assumptions. The output provides important guidance to transit agencies evaluating sites for a new bus depot.
Experimental Testing and Analysis Procedure to Determine the Apparent Film Thickness of Asphalt Binder in Fine Aggregate Matrix Mixtures
Authors: Vieira Lucas Henrique , de Souza Thiago Delgado , Enríquez-León Alexis Jair , Aragão Francisco Thiago Sacramento , Gomes Otávio da Fonseca Martins , Leite Leni Figueiredo Mathias , Rezende Lilian Ribeiro de
Published: September 2021

The fine aggregate matrix (FAM) is an important constituent of an asphalt concrete mixture; the FAM is where some key damage phenomena such as cracking start and propagate. The proper design and fabrication of isolated FAM testing samples that are representative of the material existing within asphalt concrete mixtures requires the objective determination of key characteristics such as the apparent film thickness (FT) of the asphalt binder and the specific surface area of the aggregates. These relevant parameters facilitate the estimation of the binder content. This study presents an experimental testing and analysis protocol to determine the apparent FT that covers particles of fine aggregate in FAM mixtures. The method is based on tests using a scanning electron microscope and a digital image analysis procedure using the open-source Fiji/ImageJ software. The results indicated that apparent FT ranged between 0.5 µm and 30 µm. An additional validation effort was pursued and demonstrated the applicability of the proposed methodology, which can provide meaningful information to improve volumetric-based FAM mix design methods and generate materials that are more representative of those existing in the asphalt concrete mixtures.
Looking for a sociology worthy of its name: Claude Lefort and his conception of social division
Authors: Lanza Andrea
Published: September 2021

The aim of this article is to question the nature of the socio-anthropological approach in Lefort’s thought. The author explores the complex relationship between Lefort and the Durkheimian French school of sociology in four stages: in the first, he shows Lefort as a sociologist ‘worthy of its name’ or, in other words, a sociologist interested in questioning the ‘institution of the social’. In the second, he focuses on the disturbing elements that Lefort introduces: the political and the division into the French sociological approach. In the third stage, he focuses his attention on the sociological approach in Lefort’s way of thinking about democratic society. Finally, he concludes by referring to Lefort’s apparent opposition between philosophy and social sciences – and the errors that this may have engendered – in order to demonstrate the continuity of Lefort’s sociological approach.
Diffusion Restriction in the Optic Radiation of Term Neonates With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Demonstrated by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Authors: Hayakawa Katsumi , Tanda Koichi , Nishimura Akira , Kinoshita Daisuke , Kizaki Zenro , Ohno Koji
Published: September 2021

Objective:

There has been no previous report of diffusion restriction in the optic radiation of term neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Here, using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we assessed diffusion restriction in the optic radiation within the first 2 weeks of life and estimated signal changes and the apparent diffusion coefficient in the optic radiation and lateral geniculate body using T1-weighted MRI.

Materials and Methods:

Forty-five term neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy underwent MRI twice during the first 2 weeks of life. Diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient were used to evaluate the presence of diffusion restriction in the optic radiation and lateral geniculate body. Apparent diffusion coefficient and T1 signal changes in the optic radiation and lateral geniculate body were also compared with those in 11 control neonates showing a normal pattern on MRI.

Results:

Diffusion restriction in the optic radiation was observed in 29% (13/45) of the hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy neonates at a median age of 3.5 days (range: 1-9 days). The apparent diffusion coefficient in the optic radiation of affected neonates was significantly reduced in comparison with the controls. In all neonates with optic radiation involvement, increased T1 signal intensity was observed in the optic radiation in the second week, and was also evident in in lateral geniculate body in 8 of those neonates.

Conclusion:

Diffusion restriction in the optic radiation is not rare among term neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, being visualized by diffusion-weighted imaging in the first week of life and also high-intensity T1 signal changes in the second week. This diffusion restriction in the optic radiation might be due to transsynaptic neuronal degeneration.
Article: “Too Old” and “Too Cold”: Discomfort Towards Photographs of Breastfeeding Beyond Infancy and Public Breastfeeding in Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Chan Kathleen , Whitfield Kyly C.
Published: September 2021

Background:

Social norms and public perception of breastfeeding are well-established predictors of breastfeeding outcomes; however, little is known about perceptions of breastfeeding beyond infancy or public breastfeeding among the public in Nova Scotia, Canada.

Research Aim:

To explore public opinion about breastfeeding beyond infancy and public breastfeeding.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study participants were recruited from public spaces in Nova Scotia, Canada. Using photo elicitation methods, participants ( N = 229) viewed six photographs of breastfeeding children aged 2 weeks, 13 months, and 2.5 years, one photograph captured at home, and the other in a public space (a café, a store, or outdoors). Participants were asked to score their self-rated comfort with each photograph on a 10.0 cm visual analog scale and asked to share their feelings about each photograph (open-ended responses).

Results:

Mean ( SD) visual analog scale comfort scores for photographs differed by location (private, 7.9 [2.2]; public, 7.3 [2.6]; p < .05) and child age (2 weeks, 8.5 [2.0]; 13 months, 7.5 [2.6]; 2.5 years, 6.9 [3.0]; p < .05). Participants who identified as women and parents self-reported significantly higher comfort with all photographs, while younger participants and urban dwellers were generally less comfortable. Open-ended responses varied considerably, but a higher proportion of negative comments were reported for older children feeding in public spaces (e.g., 2.5-year-old in public: “Inappropriate. Indecent. Abnormal.”).

Conclusion:

Given the importance of social norms in supporting breastfeeding, future public health campaigns should strive to normalize breastfeeding beyond infancy, and in public spaces.
Learning the theory, improving the practice? A case study of award-bearing leadership training among college principals from Bangladesh
Authors: Jarvis Adrian , Judge Simranjeet K.
Published: September 2021

Award-bearing transnational professional development training has received little attention in the literature. By taking a longitudinal mixed-methods approach, this project's researchers investigated the ways in which participants on a World Bank-funded programme practised leadership at the start of their training, before revisiting them a year later to find out what, if any, changes had resulted. It was discovered that the award-bearing design had been very influential in endowing the participants with concepts that they enthusiastically adopted, but that, over time, the concepts had undergone a process of simplification, largely driven by incongruities between the concepts and the cultural environments to which they had been applied. It is recommended that award-bearing programmes might more readily take into account the individual and contextual circumstances of their participants at the planning stage.
A new thin beam element with cross-section distortion of the absolute nodal coordinate formulation
Authors: Shen Zhenxing , Xing Xiaofeng , Li Boyu
Published: September 2021

A novel modelling approach to beams with thin cross-sections is proposed in the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF), where the Lagrange interpolating and curve fitting techniques of numerical analysis are utilized for construction of the thin beam cross-section contour. Although the slope vector with respect to the coordinate line on cross-section contour is not considered in nodal coordinates, the cross-section distortion could be adequately captured through selecting an appropriate degree of polynomial. The main advantages of the present ANCF thin beam element are that the computational costs are more inexpensive than the ANCF shell element due to less generalized coordinates, there is very small amount of input data because slope vectors of the cross-section are eliminated, and the cross-sectional stress distribution may always be continuous on account of the fact that the cross-section is not discretized into a set of finite elements. Moreover, the formulations of elastic forces and Jacobian of thin laminated composite beam are also derived based on the continuum mechanics. Finally, several examples including both static and dynamic problems are performed to verify the new element and meanwhile demonstrate its general characteristics.
Performance degradation of metal rubber seal under high temperature and pressure
Authors: Zhao Yalei , Yan Hui , Yao Wei , Jiang Hongyuan
Published: September 2021

Seals are crucial components of mechanical devices; seal degradation limits the performance of mechanical systems and even causes accidents. In this work, we used a complex sealing test system to conduct long-term leakage experiments of metal rubber seals as a function of temperature and pressure. The leakage rate was the performance degradation indicator. We developed an experimental performance degradation pattern by linear regression. We combined the leakage pattern of metal rubber seals with leakage theory and found that the increase in the equivalent leakage channel height is the immediate reason for metal rubber seal performance degradation, itself fundamentally attributable to the time-dependent plasticity caused by material creep.
A comprehensive comparison between the effect of elevated temperature constrained groove pressing on the microstructural evolutions, crystallographic texture, and mechanical properties of Al 2024 and Mg AZ91D alloys
Authors: Fereshteh-Saniee F. , Ghorbanhosseini S. , Yaghoubi S.
Published: September 2021

In the present research work, constrained groove pressing as one of the sheet's severe plastic deformation is employed at elevated temperature to investigate the influence of this technique on the microstructural evolutions and mechanical properties of 2024 aluminum and AZ91D magnesium alloy sheets. With this regard, three cycles of constrained groove pressing have been conducted on these alloys' annealed sheets. Optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to discuss the microstructure and crystallographic texture evolution. Results demonstrated that the average grain size of the annealed specimens was decreased to 11 µm and 14 µm after one pass at 300°C for 2024 Al and AZ91D Mg alloys, respectively. By measuring the microhardness, it was found that the annealed sample has the highest homogeneity with the minimum inhomogeneity factor 5.80 and 1.86 for the 2024 Al and AZ91D Mg alloys, respectively. The ultimate tensile strength of the annealed sheet was respectively increased up to 21% and 7% for these alloys by performing the first constrained groove pressing pass. Also, all of the mechanical properties variations are changed based on crystallographic texture evolutions.
Steady-state and nonlinear stability analysis for the feasibility of different fluids in a supercritical natural circulation loop
Authors: Raghuvanshi Neetesh S , Dutta Goutam , Panda Manoj K
Published: September 2021

A numerical model for a supercritical natural circulation loop is developed to examine the flow instabilities by nonlinear stability analysis. The supercritical natural circulation loop is a loop geometry, which is driven by natural circulation with supercritical fluids as a coolant. A mathematical formulation is developed to study the steady-state and transient solution procedure for supercritical natural circulation loop. This mathematical model is then used to perform various parametric studies with different supercritical fluids (water, [Formula: see text], R134a, ammonia, R22, propane, and isobutane). The behavior of all the fluids is analyzed on identical geometrical and operating conditions. A comprehensive numerical study of the nonlinear stability analysis is presented with particular emphasis on the feasibility of various fluids in a natural circulation loop environment. The 50% increment in loop diameter and height increased the stable operating zones and shifted the marginal stability boundary upward respectively by approximately three times and 25–40% of the previous value. However, further increase in diameter and height reduces the increment of stable operating zones; hence the marginal stability boundary shifts upward marginally than the previous value. Furthermore, the marginal stability boundaries are generated to identify the stable and unstable zones for the available geometrical and operating conditions.
High-gain PI-like control of Euler–Lagrange mechanical systems: Simulations and experiments in 2DoF robotic manipulators
Authors: Muñoz-Vázquez Aldo-Jonathan , Parra-Vega Vicente , Sánchez-Orta Anand , Sánchez-Torres Juan Diego
Published: September 2021

Euler–Lagrange mechanical systems usually possess nonlinear models, which are subject to uncertainties and unknown disturbances. In this article, a robust but smooth controller is proposed, relying on a high-gain proportional–integral structure that renders an accurate tracking, even in the case of uncertain effects. The tracking performance can be improved by adjusting a single parameter, deriving into a prescribed stability regime, where the tracking errors are locally uniformly ultimately bounded, and where the controller depends on a change of coordinates that integrates the proportional, integral, and derivative information of the tracking error. The advantages of this proposal become evident without considering an intricate implementation procedure. Numerical results are provided to highlight the reliability of the proposed method.
State and disturbance simultaneous estimation for a class of nonlinear time-delay fractional-order systems
Authors: Huong Dinh Cong , Thi Hai Yen Dao
Published: September 2021

This article addresses the problem of estimating simultaneously the state and unknown disturbance of one-sided Lipschitz fractional-order systems with time-delay. The nominal models of nonlinearities are assumed to satisfy both the one-sided Lipschitz condition and the quadratically inner-bounded condition. Different from the state observer reported in the literature, which only dealt with one-sided Lipschitz integer-order time-delay systems or nonlinear fractional-order time-delay systems where the nonlinear function satisfying Lipschitz condition, the state observers in this article can be applied to a wide class of nonlinear time-delay systems (one-sided Lipschitz fractional-order time-delay systems and one-sided Lipschitz integer-order time-delay systems). We employ the Razumikhin stability theorem and a recent result on the Caputo fractional derivative of a quadratic function to derive a sufficient condition for the asymptotic stability of the observer error dynamic system. The stability condition is obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities, which can be effectively solved using the MATLAB LMI Control Toolbox. Two examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed design approach.
Bhāvyātrā (Walking Pilgrimages): Insights for Self-development Through Service
Authors: Goel Rakshita , Bhangaokar Rachana
Published: September 2021

Inspired by the life and work of Mahatma Gandhi and Vinoba Bhave, Bhāvyātrā is a walking pilgrimage, a metaphor for ‘slowing down’ in a fast-paced world. The qualitative study was conducted with 11 adults, both men and women, who had undertaken Bhāvyātrā. In-depth interviews were conducted to know their experiences of Bhāvyātrā and its effects on self and interpersonal relationships. Bhāvyātrā gave participants opportunities to reflect on pure intentions ( Bhāv) behind their actions. Offering oneself in service in a variety of unfamiliar contexts enhanced feelings of trust and interdependence. Older, more experienced Bhāvyātris reported better psychological well-being.
Modelling the Macroeconomic Determinants of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the G-7 Countries: The Roles of Technological Innovation and Institutional Quality Improvement
Authors: Anwar Ahsan , Chaudhary Amatul R. , Malik Summaira , Bassim Mohga
Published: September 2021

The group of seven (G-7) countries are seven of the most advanced global nations. Yet, these nations have not been able to achieve environmentally sustainable economic growth (EG) in the past. Consequently, despite growing economically, the environmental quality in the G-7 countries has persistently deteriorated. Hence, the present study examined the environmental impacts associated with EG, technological innovation, institutional quality (IQ), renewable energy consumption (RENE) and population using the carbon dioxide emission figures to measure environmental quality in the G-7 economies for the period 1996–2018. The econometric analyses involved the application of different estimation techniques that control the cross-sectional dependency and slope heterogeneity issues in the data. Overall, the results indicated that greater EG and higher population size increase environmental pollution by boosting the carbon dioxide emission levels. In contrast, technological innovation, IQ improvement, and greater RENE were found to impede the carbon dioxide emission levels. In line with these key findings, several environmental development-related policies are recommended.
Materiality, mediation and affective encounters: ‘Rising Phoenix’ and the cultural representation of disability
Authors: Pullen Emma
Published: September 2021

Paralympic and Para sport representation has provided an important cultural site from which to explore the role of popular disability media in shaping everyday disability knowledge(s) through relations of power, ideology and meaning. Yet limited attention has been afforded to the affective dimensions of Para sport media that may help extend our understanding of its performative power on audiences. In critique of the recent Netflix Paralympic documentary film, ‘Rising Phoenix’, this article affords particular attention to the production of disability affects through the cinematic entanglement of things, bodies and language that work to involve audiences on an affective, emotional and sensorial level. Drawing on Sara Ahmed's (2004) cultural politics of emotion, it is argued that the film produces an economy of disability affects that contribute to the qualitative affective qualities of the film yet operate to (re-)configure sites of disabled normativity, gendered disability relations and nourish ‘supercrip’ and ‘medico-tragedy’ disability narratives. Attention is paid to the implications of this and the role of sport documentary film more widely in generating affective modes of representation for marginalised sporting groups.
The Nuances of fair value history: A rejoinder to Cardao-Pito
Authors: Donleavy Gabriel
Published: September 2021

Cardao-Pito (2020) critically reviewed Donleavy’s (2019) article on the origins of the use of the word ‘fair’ in fair value accounting. This article is a rejoinder to the criticisms in that review.