bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zusammenhänge zwischen nachbarschaftlicher Wohnumgebung und schulischem Bildungserfolg
Authors: Gresch Cornelia , Hoffmann Lars , Lorenz Georg
Published: April 2023

Ob Merkmale der nachbarschaftlichen Wohnumgebung den schulischen Bildungserfolg beeinflussen, wurde in Deutschland bislang kaum untersucht. Epidemische Theorieansätze lassen erwarten, dass Effekte der Wohnumgebung nicht linear sind, sondern erst ab bestimmten Schwellenwerten auftreten. Der Artikel untersucht den Beitrag der Sozialstruktur der Wohnumgebung zur statistischen Erklärung schulischer Kompetenzen. Dabei wird im Gegensatz zu bereits vorliegenden Arbeiten die Konfundierung von Nachbarschaftsmerkmalen mit individuellen, familiären und schulischen Merkmalen berücksichtigt. Als Datengrundlage dienen die querschnittlichen IQB-Bildungstrendstudien 2015 (N = 1467, 9. Klassenstufe) und 2016 (N = 1546, 4. Klassenstufe), die an sozialräumliche Daten des Statistischen Landesamts Bremen gekoppelt werden. Mehrebenenmodelle weisen auf einen Zusammenhang zwischen der sozialen Zusammensetzung der Nachbarschaft und den schulischen Kompetenzen von Heranwachsenden hin, der weitgehend auf die Konfundierung mit individuellen, familiären und schulischen Merkmalen zurückgeführt werden kann. Die Zusammenhänge sind linear und die Effektstärken fallen für beide Jahrgangsstufen ähnlich klein aus. Die Ergebnisse werden mit Blick auf die Folgen sozialräumlicher Segregation für Bildungsungleichheit diskutiert.
Dropping or stopping out of apprenticeships: The role of performance- and integration-related risk factors
Authors: Holtmann Anne Christine , Solga Heike
Published: April 2023

The dropout rate in vocational education and training (VET) programs is high in Germany. Yet, this study shows that most instances of dropout are not permanent departures from VET. Instead, most trainees later re-enter into a new training program in a different occupation or company (a phenomenon labelled “stopout”). We use Tinto’s model of college dropout, which suggests that the importance of performance-related and integration-related risk factors differs for permanent dropouts and stopouts, and their timing. Our analyses are based on longitudinal data from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), which provides measures for competencies and socioemotional (also called noncognitive) skills prior to starting VET programs, information to capture factors related to dis/satisfaction with training and longitudinal information on school-to-work transitions. To examine the relative importance of performance- and integration-related factors, we use Shapley decompositions. Our analyses reveal that performance-related risk factors (in terms of low math competence) increase the risk of permanently dropping out, and both cognitive and socioemotional skills predict occupational changes (occupational stopouts). Whether the VET program corresponds to the desired occupation is the most important integration-related factor, and a poor match increases the risk of both permanent dropout and occupational stopout. Moreover, lower satisfaction with training leads to changes in occupations or training companies. Finally, early training dissolutions are more strongly linked to integration-related problems, while later ones are more due to performance-related problems.
Developing Weibull-based diameter distributions for the major coniferous species in Heilongjiang Province, China
Authors: Sa Qila , Jin Xingji , Pukkala Timo , Li Fengri
Published: April 2023

Diameter distribution models play an important role in forest inventories, growth prediction, and management. The Weibull probability density function is widely used in forestry. Although a number of methods have been proposed to predict or recover the Weibull distribution, their applicability and predictive performance for the major tree species of China remain to be determined. Trees in sample plots of three even-aged coniferous species (Larix olgensis, Pinus sylvestris and Pinus koraiensis) were measured both in un-thinned and thinned stands to develop parameter prediction models for the Weibull probability density function. Ordinary least squares (OLS) and maximum likelihood regression (MLER), as well as cumulative distribution function regression (CDFR) were used, and their performance compared. The results show that MLER and CDFR were better than OLS in predicting diameter distributions of tree plantations. CDFR produced the best results in terms of fitting statistics. Based on the error statistics calculated for different age groups, CDFR was considered the most suitable method for developing prediction models for Weibull parameters in coniferous plantations.
Derivation and validation of a blood biomarker score for 2-day mortality prediction from prehospital care: a multicenter, cohort, EMS-based study
Authors: Martín-Rodríguez Francisco , Vaquerizo-Villar Fernando , López-Izquierdo Raúl , Castro-Villamor Miguel A. , Sanz-García Ancor , del Pozo-Vegas Carlos , Hornero Roberto
Published: April 2023

Identifying potentially life-threatening diseases is a key challenge for emergency medical services. This study aims at examining the role of different prehospital biomarkers from point-of-care testing to derive and validate a score to detect 2-day in-hospital mortality. We conducted a prospective, observational, prehospital, ongoing, and derivation—validation study in three Spanish provinces, in adults evacuated by ambulance and admitted to the emergency department. A total of 23 ambulance-based biomarkers were collected from each patient. A biomarker score based on logistic regression was fitted to predict 2-day mortality from an optimum subset of variables from prehospital blood analysis, obtained through an automated feature selection stage. 2806 cases were analyzed, with a median age of 68 (interquartile range 51–81), 42.3% of women, and a 2-day mortality rate of 5.5% (154 non-survivors). The blood biomarker score was constituted by the partial pressure of carbon dioxide, lactate, and creatinine. The score fitted with logistic regression using these biomarkers reached a high performance to predict 2-day mortality, with an AUC of 0.933 (95% CI 0.841–0.973). The following risk levels for 2-day mortality were identified from the score: low risk (score < 1), where only 8.2% of non-survivors were assigned to; medium risk (1 ≤ score < 4); and high risk (score ≥ 4), where the 2-day mortality rate was 57.6%. The novel blood biomarker score provides an excellent association with 2-day in-hospital mortality, as well as real-time feedback on the metabolic-respiratory patient status. Thus, this score can help in the decision-making process at critical moments in life-threatening situations.
Multicomplexes on Carnot Groups and Their Associated Spectral Sequence
Authors: Lerario Antonio , Tripaldi Francesca
Published: April 2023

The aim of this paper is to give a thorough insight into the relationship between the Rumin complex on Carnot groups and the spectral sequence obtained from the filtration on forms by homogeneous weights that computes the de Rham cohomology of the underlying group.
Selection of phase II/III breast cancer study highlights at the 2022 ESMO annual meeting
Authors: Marhold Maximilian
Published: April 2023

The ESMO annual meeting 2022 was held in Paris from September 9th to September 13th 2022. This article aims at presenting highlights of phase II and III clinical trials reported at this meeting.
Sonographic prediction of fetal main pulmonary artery (MPA) Doppler indices of lung maturity and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) development
Authors: Hassan Hend Galal Eldeen Mohamed Ali , Nagi Mona Ali Mohamed Ali , Salama Asmaa Magdy Mohamed , Dawoud Mohamed Omar Abd El Aal , Elgendy Ghalia Galal , Abdelrahman Ahmed S.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study is to highlight the predictive role of perinatal fetal main pulmonary artery (MPA) Doppler measurements in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome development. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is one of the lead causes of neonatal respiratory distress as well as neonatal death. Thus, it seems logic to evaluate fetal lung maturity before labour.

Methods

The study is a prospective cohort study performed in tertiary hospital over a period of one-year duration. 70 pregnant ladies between 34 and 38 weeks of gestation were referred for fetal echo, when pregnancy was considered a high risk. A trained radiologist using dedicated ultrasound machine with updated obstetric and fetal echo software performed the fetal echo. Doppler mode and curvilinear probe of 5.7 MHz transducer. Pediatric neonatologist observed the neonatal outcome post-natally.

Results

A total of 70 pregnant patients with risk factors underwent fetal echo, 26/70 (37.1%) were diagnosed with RDS conforming to the neonatal criteria. The mean acceleration time/ejection time ratio (At/Et ratio) of the fetal pulmonary artery was significantly reduced in fetuses that subsequently developed RDS than those without RDS. Contrarily, the mean pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), and peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the fetal pulmonary artery were significantly high in fetuses who later developed RDS than in those who did not.

Conclusion

Fetal MPA Doppler measurements have a major role in anticipating the development of neonatal RDS in preterm and early term neonates.
A new fuzzy support vector machine with pinball loss
Authors: Verma Ram Nayan , Deo Rahul , Srivastava Rakesh , Subbarao Naidu , Singh Gajendra Pratap
Published: April 2023

The fuzzy support vector machine (FSVM) assigns each sample a fuzzy membership value based on its relevance, making it less sensitive to noise or outliers in the data. Although FSVM has had some success in avoiding the negative effects of noise, it uses hinge loss, which maximizes the shortest distance between two classes and is ineffective in dealing with feature noise near the decision boundary. Furthermore, whereas FSVM concentrates on misclassification errors, it neglects to consider the critical within-class scatter minimization. We present a Fuzzy support vector machine with pinball loss (FPin-SVM), which is a fuzzy extension of a reformulation of a recently proposed support vector machine with pinball loss (Pin-SVM) with several significant improvements, to improve the performance of FSVM. First, because we used the squared L2- norm of errors variables instead of the L1 norm, our FPin-SVM is a strongly convex minimization problem; second, to speed up the training procedure, solutions of the proposed FPin-SVM, as an unconstrained minimization problem, are obtained using the functional iterative and Newton methods. Third, it is proposed to solve the minimization problem directly in primal. Unlike FSVM and Pin-SVM, our FPin-SVM does not require a toolbox for optimization. We dig deeper into the features of FPin-SVM, such as noise insensitivity and within-class scatter minimization. We conducted experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets with various sounds to validate the usefulness of the suggested approach. Compared to the SVM, FSVM, and Pin-SVM, the presented approaches demonstrate equivalent or superior generalization performance in less training time.
Meromorphic Dynamics
Authors: Kotus Janina , Urbański Mariusz
Published: April 2023

This text, the first of two volumes, provides a comprehensive and self-contained introduction to a wide range of fundamental results from ergodic theory and geometric measure theory. Topics covered include: finite and infinite abstract ergodic theory, Young's towers, measure-theoretic Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, thermodynamics formalism, geometric function theory, various kinds of conformal measures, conformal graph directed Markov systems and iterated functions systems, semi-local dynamics of analytic functions, and nice sets. Many examples are included, along with detailed explanations of essential concepts and full proofs, in what is sure to be an indispensable reference for both researchers and graduate students.
The Child's Right to Participate in Family Law Proceedings
Authors: Mol Charlotte
Published: April 2023

This book contains an in-depth legal analysis of Article 12 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the European Convention on Human Rights, the European Convention on the Exercise of Children's Rights, the Council of Europe's Guidelines on Child-Friendly Justice and Recommendation on the participation of children, and the European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights. The result is a comprehensive assessment of the child's right to participate in family law proceedings, providing the first complete analysis of the international and European human rights instruments in this field. Of note, the book's analysis of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights is unique, in both the inclusion of all of the Court's judgments and decisions on child participation as well as the application of an innovative and rigorous method of qualitative content analysis. This book therefore provides a greater understanding of the child's right to participate under Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights.

The Child's Right to Participate in Family Law Family Law Proceedings: Represented, Heard or Silenced? is a must read for scholars, family justice professionals, policy makers, and all persons working in the fields of children's rights and family law.
EU Private International Law in Family Matters
Authors: Honorati Costanza , Baruffi Maria Caterina
Published: April 2023

Few commentaries on EU private international law (PIL) in family and succession matters are currently available on the market and these are usually devoted to specific regulation(s), offering a full overview of both the CJEU case law and the literature concerning the given legal instrument(s).
STRUCTURE OF SUMMABLE TALL IDEALS UNDER KATĚTOV ORDER
Authors: HE JIALIANG , LI ZUOHENG , ZHANG SHUGUO
Published: April 2023

We show that Katětov and Rudin–Blass orders on summable tall ideals coincide. We prove that Katětov order on summable tall ideals is Galois–Tukey equivalent to

$(\omega ^\omega ,\le ^*)$

. It follows that Katětov order on summable tall ideals is upwards directed which answers a question of Minami and Sakai. In addition, we prove that

${l_\infty }$

is Borel bireducible to an equivalence relation induced by Katětov order on summable tall ideals.
Blagoustroistvo: Infrastructure, Determinism, (Re-)coloniality, and Social Engineering in Moscow, 1917–2022
Authors: Lähteenmäki Markus , Murawski Michał
Published: April 2023

Blagoustroistvo is an archaic Russian word used today primarily to refer to urban public works. This article, a collaboration between an anthropologist and a historian, focuses on aesthetics, rhetorics, and concrete practices of blagoustroistvo in Moscow during two temporal junctures: the first decade following the October Revolution (ca. 1917–1930), and the decade of Sergey Sobyanin’s Moscow Mayoralty (2010–). Our juxtaposition reveals striking continuities and contrasts. Both in the 1920s and 2010s, we show, blagoustroistvo was characterized by a semiotically-intense presence in the city; associated with an emphasis on deterministic socio-psychological “engineering”; ideologically framed by a “vernacularized” form of Marxism-Leninism; and invested with a powerful role in reconfiguring society’s spatial hierarchies, political geometry, and class consciousness. In the former period, social transformation referred to the inversion of class hierarchies and a partly illusory reconfiguration of power between center and periphery. In the 2010s, however, blagoustroistvo became a project that sought a reversion to class categories and the re-colonial reconstitution of the center’s coercive domination of the fringes. Our analysis proffers blagoustroistvo—a high-modernist, deterministic “infrastructural ideology” that has endured into and flourished in the twenty-first century—as a uniquely illustrative concept for understanding the shifting ideologies of Soviet and post-Soviet infrastructural modernity and its winding but stubborn colonial logics. Moreover, our explication of blagoustroistvo’s trans-epochal meanderings brings comparative nuance to current global debates around the alleged “return” of “social engineering” to urban governance and design in the guise of artificial intelligence, big data, smart cities, and “surveillance capitalism.”
Associations between acute and chronic lifetime stressors and psychosis-risk symptoms in individuals with 22q11.2 copy number variants
Authors: Modasi Jasmine , Khachadourian Vahe , O'Hora Kathleen , Kushan Leila , Slavich George M. , Shields Grant S. , Velthorst Eva , Bearden Carrie E.
Published: April 2023

Background

The 22q11.2 deletion (22q11Del) is among the strongest known genetic risk factors for psychosis. Stress, a known risk factor for psychosis in the general population, has seldom been studied in 22q11Del. We investigated how lifetime stressors related to symptomatic outcomes in patients with 22q11Del. We also explored this association in individuals with 22q11.2 duplications (22q11Dup), which may be potentially protective against psychosis.

Method

One hundred individuals (46 with 22q11Del, 30 with 22q11Dup, and 24 healthy controls; Mage = 17.30 years±10.15) were included. Logistic models were used to examine cross-sectional associations between lifetime acute and chronic stressors (severity and count) and the presence (score ⩾3) of positive, negative, and general symptoms, assessed via the Structured Interview for Psychosis-risk Syndromes (SIPS).

Results

The 22q11Dup group reported the greatest number and severity of acute lifetime stressors, but did not differ from 22q11Del in chronic stressor count or severity. Lifetime chronic and acute stressors were uniquely associated with positive symptoms in 22q11Del (chronic count: odds ratio [OR] = 2.35, p = 0.02; chronic severity: OR = 1.88, p = 0.03; acute count: OR = 1.78, p = 0.03), but not with negative or general symptoms (ps > 0.05).

Conclusion

Findings suggest that stress may play a role in psychotic symptoms in 22q1Del, while the 22q11Dup CNV appears protective against psychotic symptoms despite higher rates of stressors. Interventions that mitigate effects of stressors in 22qDel may reduce the odds of psychosis in this group. Prospective longitudinal research is needed to replicate these findings.
Wisdom and suffering in Teresa of Cartagena
Authors: Drahos Kristen
Published: April 2023

I argue that Teresa of Cartagena's Grove of the Infirm offers a recalibration of the wisdom emergent from suffering by moving from a cruciform spirituality to an intellectual ‘scientia,’ which benefits specific marginalized groups (prolonged sufferers) by establishing new paths of agency (through distinctive cooperative virtues) for those who suffer. I show that by disengaging suffering's spiritual meaning from the Franciscan focus on the cross, Teresa is able to amplify the relationship of virtue to wisdom while maintaining the validity of the painful experience endured. I argue that Teresa's focus on wisdom challenges the diminution of sufferers' experiences and elevates their spiritual wisdom as applicable to the church writ large. Teresa's work opens new spaces of agency for the most sidelined and secures the lasting significance of the wisdom of suffering.
The zīndag ruwān ceremony in historical perspective
Authors: Andrés-Toledo Miguel Ángel
Published: April 2023

The Pahlavi syntagm zīndag ruwān (NP zende/zinde ravān), literally “living soul / soul of the living”, designates a Zoroastrian funerary ceremony to be performed by priests on behalf of a person in his/her lifetime for the benefit of his/her own soul. It is particularly ordered by that person as a pre-emptive means to ensure that the funerary prayers will be recited, even if relatives are unable to do so, and to guarantee the protection of the god Sraoša in the passing away to the afterlife. In this contribution, I discuss the most relevant aspects of this Zoroastrian ceremony that can be extracted from the Pahlavi literature, and consider that its changes from older periods until modern times are due to diachronic, diatopic and socio-economic variables.
Abelian groups from random hypergraphs
Authors: Newman Andrew
Published: April 2023

For a

$k$

-uniform hypergraph

$\mathcal{H}$

on vertex set

$\{1, \ldots, n\}$

we associate a particular signed incidence matrix

$M(\mathcal{H})$

over the integers. For

$\mathcal{H} \sim \mathcal{H}_k(n, p)$

an Erdős–Rényi random

$k$

-uniform hypergraph,

${\mathrm{coker}}(M(\mathcal{H}))$

is then a model for random abelian groups. Motivated by conjectures from the study of random simplicial complexes we show that for

$p = \omega (1/n^{k - 1})$

,

${\mathrm{coker}}(M(\mathcal{H}))$

is torsion-free.
Emotional health and its association with neurocognition in Hispanic and non-Hispanic White people with HIV
Authors: Guareña Lesley A. , Kamalyan Lily , Watson Caitlin Wei-Ming , Karcher Kayle , Umlauf Anya , Morgan Erin , Moore David , Ellis Ronald , Grant Igor , Cherner Mariana , Moore Raeanne C. , Zlatar Zvinka Z. , Heaton Robert K. , Marquine María J.
Published: April 2023

Objective:

Emotional functioning is linked to HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment, yet research on this association among diverse people with HIV (PWH) is scant. We examined emotional health and its association with neurocognition in Hispanic and White PWH.

Methods:

Participants included 107 Hispanic (41% primarily Spanish-speakers; 80% Mexican heritage/origin) and 216 White PWH (Overall age: M = 53.62, SD = 12.19; 86% male; 63% AIDS; 92% on antiretroviral therapy). Emotional health was assessed via the National Institute of Health Toolbox (NIHTB)-Emotion Battery, which yields T-scores for three factor-based summary scores (negative affect, social satisfaction, and psychological well-being) and 13 individual component scales. Neurocognition was measured via demographically adjusted fluid cognition T-scores from the NIHTB-cognition battery.

Results:

27%–39% of the sample had problematic socioemotional summary scores. Hispanic PWH showed less loneliness, better social satisfaction, higher meaning and purpose, and better psychological well-being than Whites (ps <.05). Within Hispanics, Spanish-speakers showed better meaning and purpose, higher psychological well-being summary score, less anger hostility, but greater fear affect than English speakers. Only in Whites, worse negative affect (fear affect, perceived stress, and sadness) was associated with worse neurocognition (p <.05); and in both groups, worse social satisfaction (emotional support, friendship, and perceived rejection) was linked with worse neurocognition (p <.05).

Conclusion:

Adverse emotional health is common among PWH, with subgroups of Hispanics showing relative strengths in some domains. Aspects of emotional health differentially relate to neurocogntition among PWH and cross-culturally. Understanding these varying associations is an important step towards the development of culturally relevant interventions that promote neurocognitive health among Hispanic PWH.
Self-Knowledge and the Opacity Thesis in Kant’s Doctrine of Virtue
Authors: Halper Aaron
Published: April 2023

Kant’s moral philosophy both enjoins the acquisition of self-knowledge as a duty, and precludes certain forms of its acquisition via what has become known as the Opacity Thesis. This article looks at several recent attempts to solve this difficulty and argues that they are inadequate. I argue instead that the Opacity Thesis rules out only the knowledge that one has acted from genuine moral principles, but does not apply in cases of moral failure. The duty of moral self-knowledge applies therefore only to one’s awareness of one’s status as a moral being and to the knowledge of one’s moral failings, both in particular actions and one’s overall character failings, one’s vices. This kind of knowledge is morally salutary as an aid to discovering one’s individual moral weakness as well as the subjective ends for which one acts, and in this way for taking up the morally required end of treating human beings as human beings. In this way, moral self-knowledge can be understood as a necessary element of moral improvement, and I conclude by suggesting several ways to understand it thereby as genuinely primary among the duties to oneself.
The comparison of collapsed cone and Monte Carlo algorithms in tangential breast planning
Authors: Goss Matthew , Champ Colin , Trombetta Mark , Shamsesfandabadi Parisa , DeMartino Valerie , Wegner Rodney , Beriwal Sushil , Eisen Veronica
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

This study compared dose metrics between tangent breast plans calculated with the historical standard collapsed cone (CC) and the more accurate Monte Carlo (MC) algorithms. The intention was to correlate current plan quality metrics from the currently used CC algorithm with doses calculated using the more accurate MC algorithm.

Methods:

Thirteen clinically treated patients, whose plans had been calculated using the CC algorithm, were identified. These plans were copied and recalculated using the MC algorithm. Various dose metrics were compared for targets and the time necessary to perform each calculation. Special consideration was given to V105%, as this is increasingly being used as a predictor of skin toxicity and plan quality. Finally, both the CC and MC plans for 4 of the patients were delivered onto a dose measurement phantom used to analyse quality assurance (QA) pass rates. These pass rates, using various evaluation criteria, were also compared.

Results:

Metrics such as the PTVeval D95% and V95% showed a variation of 6% or less between the CC and MC plans, while the PTVeval V100% showed variation up to 20%. The PTVeval V105% showed a relative increase of up to 593% after being recalculated with MC. The time necessary to perform calculations was 76% longer on average for CC plans than for those recalculated using MC. On average, the QA pass rates using 2%2mm and 3%3mm gamma criteria for CC plans were lower (19·2% and 5·5%, respectively) than those recalculated using MC.

Conclusion:

Our study demonstrates MC-calculated PTVeval V105% values are significantly higher than those calculated using CC. PTVeval V105% is often used as a benchmark for acceptable plan quality and a predictor of acute toxicity. We have also shown that calculation times for MC are comparable to those for CC. Therefore, what is considered acceptable PTVeval V105% criteria should be redefined based on more accurate MC calculations.
“In the Name of the (God)Father”: Baptismal Naming in Early Colonial Guatemala
Authors: Matsumoto Mallory E.
Published: April 2023

This article examines baptismal naming in sixteenth-century Guatemala in the context of Indigenous adaptation to the sociopolitical upheavals of Spanish-led invasion, forced resettlement, and the imposition of Catholicism. As part of the institution of baptism—the first Catholic sacrament and one that missionaries implemented soon after their arrival in the Spanish Americas—Indigenous baptizees received a European name, as well as spiritual kin in the form of godparents. The distribution of baptismal names in late sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century Santiago Atitlán, a predominantly Tz'utujil Maya community in highland Guatemala, suggests that Indigenous christening marked a break with precolonial onomastic practice. Instead of continuing the Indigenous tradition of naming children according to their birthdate, Maya adults in the Santiago Atitlán area developed new naming strategies that simultaneously located their children in the Spanish administrative sphere and reconstituted local social networks in the wake of colonial disruptions. Furthermore, the influence of godparents on name selection both expressed and reinforced godparenthood's rising significance as the most socially salient Catholic institution in colonial Indigenous society and one that remains vibrant into the present.
A Confounded Statistic: Turn-of-the-Century Mexican Agriculture in Incommensurable Terms
Authors: Lurtz Casey Marina
Published: April 2023

In 1899, municipal officials throughout Mexico sent tables of agricultural statistics to Mexico City to assist in the preparation of a special publication for the 1900 Paris Universal Exposition, where the Mexican government hoped it would impress the world with Mexico's modernity and potential. Though the activity was nothing new, the ways in which municipal officials provided the requested information confounded the national project of both understanding and representing the Mexican countryside. The statistics were never published. This article serves as an introduction to a new dataset and collection of maps built from transcriptions of the manuscript tables. It also demonstrates that regular participation in statistical undertakings served as a means for provincial Mexicans to complicate and confound the process of state consolidation. Here I see, rather than refusal or rebellion, ready participation in state knowledge projects as another way in which those beyond Mexico City managed their relationships with President Porfirio Díaz's technocratic government. Engaging with conceptions of governmentality on one side and data management on the other, I use the 1899 agricultural statistics to highlight how unruly participation in data collection frustrated the practice's centralizing and standardizing project.
Discriminating Aromatic Parent Compounds and Their Derivative Isomers in Ice Grains From Enceladus and Europa Using a Laboratory Analogue for Spaceborne Mass Spectrometers
Authors: Khawaja N. , O’Sullivan T. R. , Klenner F. , Sanchez L. H. , Hillier J.
Published: April 2023

Results from the Cassini‐Huygens space mission at Enceladus revealed a substantial inventory of organic species embedded in plume and E ring ice grains originating from a global subsurface and putative habitable ocean. Compositional analysis by the Cosmic Dust Analyzer indicated the presence of aromatic species and constrained some structural features, although their exact nature remains unclear. As indicated by many studies, among other organic species, low‐mass aromatics likely played a role in the emergence of life on Earth and may be linked to potential prebiotic or biogenic chemistry on icy moons. Here, we study the behavior of single‐ringed aromatic compounds—benzoic acid and two isomeric derivatives, 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoic acid and 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid—using Laser‐Induced Liquid Beam Ion Desorption (LILBID), an analogue setup to simulate the impact ionization mass spectra of ice grains in space. These compounds share common structural features but also exhibit differences in functional groups and substituent positions. We investigate the fragmentation behavior and spectral appearance of each molecule over three simulated impact velocities, in both positive and negative ion modes. Parent compounds can be distinguished easily from their derivatives due to various spectral differences, including the (de)protonated molecular ion peaks appearing at different m/z values. We conclude that distinction between structural isomers in LILBID is more challenging, but some insights can be revealed by considering intermolecular bonding regimes. This work will guide future investigations into elucidating the composition of isomeric biosignatures in ice grains, relevant for future space missions to Enceladus and Europa.
Hypoxia Affects One in Eight Rivers Worldwide
Authors: Besl J.
Published: April 2023

A global study found dangerously low levels of dissolved oxygen in rivers around the world. The true prevalence of hypoxia is probably even higher.
Climatology of HF Propagation Characteristics at Very High Latitudes From SuperDARN Observations
Authors: Ponomarenko P. , McWilliams K. A.
Published: April 2023

Conventional forecasting of high‐frequency (HF, 3–30 MHz) radio wave propagation is based on a combination of ionospheric and propagation models. However, at very high latitudes this approach is seriously undermined by the intrinsically dynamic ionospheric conditions regularly perturbed by energetic particle precipitations and strong electric fields. From this perspective, the multi‐year observations of HF propagation characteristics by Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) radars across auroral and polar cap regions represent a unique opportunity for systematic validation of the conventional approach, as well as for creating an empirical propagation model directly from the radar observations. Qualitative identification and quantitative characterization of the propagation modes requires an accurate knowledge of the vertical angle of arrival (elevation angle) across the high‐latitude part of the radar network. This information has become available only in recent years, facilitated by the development of reliable data‐based calibration techniques for SuperDARN interferometry. We present the solar‐cycle/seasonal/diurnal climatology of HF propagation characteristics at very high latitudes derived from two‐frequency observations by the Rankin Inlet SuperDARN radar.
Long-term humoral response following Delta and Omicron BA.1 co-infection
Authors: Saade Carla , Pozzetto Bruno , Yaugel-Novoa Melyssa , Oriol Guy , Josset Laurence , Lina Bruno , Paul Stéphane , Bal Antonin , Trouillet-Assant Sophie
Published: April 2023

This study reports the 6-month humoral immune response in vaccinated patients concomitantly infected with Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants of SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, the simultaneous exposure to the Delta and BA.1 S proteins does not confer an additional immune advantage compared to exposure to the BA.1 S protein alone.
Structural inventory of cotranslational protein folding by the eukaryotic RAC complex
Authors: Kišonaitė Miglė , Wild Klemens , Lapouge Karine , Gesé Genís Valentín , Kellner Nikola , Hurt Ed , Sinning Irmgard
Published: April 2023

The challenge of nascent chain folding at the ribosome is met by the conserved ribosome-associated complex (RAC), which forms a chaperone triad with the Hsp70 protein Ssb in fungi, and consists of the non-canonical Hsp70 Ssz1 and the J domain protein Zuotin (Zuo1). Here we determine cryo-EM structures of Chaetomium thermophilum RAC bound to 80S ribosomes. RAC adopts two distinct conformations accommodating continuous ribosomal rotation by a flexible lever arm. It is held together by a tight interaction between the Ssz1 substrate-binding domain and the Zuo1 N terminus, and additional contacts between the Ssz1 nucleotide-binding domain and Zuo1 J- and Zuo1 homology domains, which form a rigid unit. The Zuo1 HPD motif conserved in J-proteins is masked in a non-canonical interaction by the Ssz1 nucleotide-binding domain, and allows the positioning of Ssb for activation by Zuo1. Overall, we provide the basis for understanding how RAC cooperates with Ssb in a dynamic nascent chain interaction and protein folding.
Neutron tomography of sealed copper alloy animal coffins from ancient Egypt
Authors: O’Flynn Daniel , Fedrigo Anna , Perucchetti Laura , Masson-Berghoff Aurélia
Published: April 2023

Animal mummification was commonplace in ancient Egypt, with the remains of many animals placed inside statues or votive boxes with representations of animals or hybrid human–animal creatures. Votive boxes were made from a variety of materials and often sealed; some boxes are still preserved in this state in museum collections. A prior study of sealed copper alloy votive boxes from the collection of the British Museum used X-ray computed tomography to search for animal remains, where poor image quality resulted due to attenuation from the boxes and apparent dense metals inside. In this study, neutron tomography was applied to six of the votive boxes previously examined. Animal remains, likely from lizards, and fragments of textile wrappings were discovered inside three of the boxes. Evidence of the manufacturing process and subsequent repairs of the boxes were uncovered by neutrons. Significant quantities of lead were also identified in three boxes. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of neutron tomography for the study of mummified remains inside sealed metal containers, and give evidence linking the animal figures represented on top of votive boxes to the concealed remains.
Aspergillus Carneus metabolite Averufanin induced cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death on cancer cell lines via inducing DNA damage
Authors: Demirel Deren , Ozkaya Ferhat Can , Ebrahim Weaam , Sokullu Emel , Sahin Irem Durmaz
Published: April 2023

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020. Current treatment methods include hormone therapy, γ-radiation, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. Although chemotherapy is the most effective treatment, there are major obstacles posed by resistance mechanisms of cancer cells and side-effects of the drugs, thus the search for novel anti-cancer compounds, especially from natural sources, is crucial for cancer pharmaceutics research. One natural source worthy of investigation is fungal species. In this study, the cytotoxicity of 5 metabolic compounds isolated from filamentous fungus Aspergillus Carneus. Arugosin C, Averufin, Averufanin, Nidurifin and Versicolorin C were analyzed using NCI-SRB assay on 10 different cell lines of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, glioblastoma and non-tumorigenic cell lines. Averufanin showed highest cytotoxicity with lowest IC50 concentrations especially on breast cancer cells. Therefore, Averufanin was further investigated to enlighten cell death and molecular mechanisms of action involved. Cell cycle analysis showed increase in SubG1 phase suggesting apoptosis induction which was further confirmed by Annexin V and Caspase 3/7 Assays. H2A.X staining revealed accumulation of DNA damage in cells treated with Averufanin and finally western blot analysis validated DNA damage response and downstream effects of Averufanin treatment in various signaling pathways. Consequently, this study shows that Averufanin compound induces cell cycle arrest and cell death via apoptosis through causing DNA damage and can be contemplated and further explored as a new therapeutic strategy in breast cancer.
Uncertain future for global sea turtle populations in face of sea level rise
Authors: Rivas Marga L. , Rodríguez-Caballero Emilio , Esteban Nicole , Carpio Antonio J. , Barrera-Vilarmau Barbara , Fuentes Mariana M. P. B. , Robertson Katharine , Azanza Julia , León Yolanda , Ortega Zaida
Published: April 2023

Sea level rise has accelerated during recent decades, exceeding rates recorded during the previous two millennia, and as a result many coastal habitats and species around the globe are being impacted. This situation is expected to worsen due to anthropogenically induced climate change. However, the magnitude and relevance of expected increase in sea level rise (SLR) is uncertain for marine and terrestrial species that are reliant on coastal habitat for foraging, resting or breeding. To address this, we showcase the use of a low-cost approach to assess the impacts of SLR on sea turtles under various Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) SLR scenarios on different sea turtle nesting rookeries worldwide. The study considers seven sea turtle rookeries with five nesting species, categorized from vulnerable to critically endangered including leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea), loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta), hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata), olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) and green turtles (Chelonia mydas). Our approach combines freely available digital elevation models for continental and remote island beaches across different ocean basins with projections of field data and SLR. Our case study focuses on five of the seven living sea turtle species. Under moderate climate change scenarios, by 2050 it is predicted that at some sea turtle nesting habitats 100% will be flooded, and under an extreme scenario many sea turtle rookeries could vanish. Overall, nesting beaches with low slope and those species nesting at open beaches such as leatherback and loggerheads sea turtles might be the most vulnerable by future SLR scenarios.
A natural whitening alternative from upcycled food waste (acid whey) and underutilized grains (millet)
Authors: Nani Mercy , Krishnaswamy Kiruba
Published: April 2023

The dairy industry faces a daunting challenge in managing acid whey (AW), a byproduct of Greek yogurt manufacturing that is costly to dispose of and challenging to incorporate into other food products. However, recent studies have demonstrated that AW can be transformed into a viable white powder by encapsulating it in millet flour. Recently, concerns over the safety of the commonly used food-grade whitener titanium dioxide (TiO2) have arisen, and the search for an alternative food-whitening agent has become essential. This study evaluated the color attribute, proximate composition, sugar profile, amino acid profile, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and antinutrient content of the novel acid whey millet (AWM) powder. The L* values of the AWM powders were significantly higher than TiO2 and the rest of the millet formulations. The crude protein content in the AWM powders was significantly (p < 0.05) lower when compared to the crude protein content in millet flours. AWM powders had higher lactose levels and retained all major amino acids after spray drying. Macrominerals (P, K, Ca, and Na) and microminerals (Zn and Cu) significantly increased in the AWM powder, while tannin content was reduced in AWM powders. These findings suggest that AWM powder is a white powder that contains a wide range of components with high nutritional value that could be readily incorporated into various applications. In summary, this study provides a valuable contribution to the dairy industry by highlighting the potential of AWM powders as a natural alternative food whitening agent to TiO2.
Textural properties and adsorption behavior of Zn–Mg–Al layered double hydroxide upon crystal violet dye removal as a low cost, effective, and recyclable adsorbent
Authors: Abdel-Hady E. E. , Mohamed Hamdy F. M. , Hafez Sarah H. M. , Fahmy Abdalla M. M. , Magdy Abdelhamed , Mohamed Aya S. , Ali Eman O. , Abdelhamed Hager R. , Mahmoud Osama M.
Published: April 2023

The preparation of adsorbents plays a vital role in the adsorption method. In particular, many adsorbents with high specific surface areas and unique shapes are essential for the adsorption strategy. A Zn–Mg–Al/layer double hydroxide (LDH) was designed in this study using a simple co-precipitation process. Adsorbent based on Zn–Mg–Al/LDH was used to remove crystal violet (CV) from the wastewater. The impacts of the initial dye concentration, pH, and temperature on CV adsorption performance were systematically examined. The adsorbents were analyzed both before and after adsorption using FTIR, XRD, and SEM. The roughness parameters and surface morphologies of the produced LDH were estimated using 3D SEM images. Under the best conditions (dose of adsorbent = 0.07 g and pH = 9), the maximum adsorption capacity has been achieved. Adsorption kinetics studies revealed that the reaction that led to the adsorption of CV dye onto Zn–Mg–Al/LDH was a pseudo-second-order model. Additionally, intraparticle diffusion suggests that Zn–Mg–Al/LDH has a fast diffusion constant for CV molecules (0.251 mg/(g min1/2)). Furthermore, as predicted by the Langmuir model, the maximal Zn–Mg–Al/LDH adsorption capacity of CV was 64.80 mg/g. The CV dimensionless separation factor (RL) onto Zn–Mg–Al/LDH was 0.769, indicating that adsorption was favorable. The effect of temperature was performed at 25, 35, and 45 °C in order to establish the thermodynamic parameters ∆Ho, ∆So, and ∆Go. The computed values indicated exothermic and spontaneous adsorption processes. The study presented here might be used to develop new adsorbents with enhanced adsorption capabilities for the purpose of protecting the water environment.
Acute balenine supplementation in humans as a natural carnosinase-resistant alternative to carnosine
Authors: de Jager Sarah , Vermeulen An , De Baere Siegrid , Van der Stede Thibaux , Lievens Eline , Croubels Siska , Jäger Ralf , Purpura Martin , Bourgois Jan G. , Derave Wim
Published: April 2023

Balenine possesses some of carnosine’s and anserine’s functions, yet it appears more resistant to the hydrolysing CN1 enzyme. The aim of this study was to elucidate the stability of balenine in the systemic circulation and its bioavailability in humans following acute supplementation. Two experiments were conducted in which (in vitro) carnosine, anserine and balenine were added to plasma to compare degradation profiles and (in vivo) three increasing doses (1–4–10 mg/kg) of balenine were acutely administered to 6 human volunteers. Half-life of balenine (34.9 ± 14.6 min) was respectively 29.1 and 16.3 times longer than that of carnosine (1.20 ± 0.36 min, p = 0.0044) and anserine (2.14 ± 0.58 min, p = 0.0044). In vivo, 10 mg/kg of balenine elicited a peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of 28 µM, which was 4 and 18 times higher than with 4 (p = 0.0034) and 1 mg/kg (p = 0.0017), respectively. CN1 activity showed strong negative correlations with half-life (ρ = − 0.829; p = 0.0583), Cmax (r = − 0.938; p = 0.0372) and incremental area under the curve (r = − 0.825; p = 0.0433). Overall, balenine seems more resistant to CN1 hydrolysis resulting in better in vivo bioavailability, yet its degradation remains dependent on enzyme activity. Although a similar functionality as carnosine and anserine remains to be demonstrated, opportunities arise for balenine as nutraceutical or ergogenic aid.
Exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months after assisted and spontaneous conceiving: a prospective study in Northern Italy
Authors: Pisoni Camilla , Garofoli Francesca , De Silvestri Annalisa , Civardi Elisa , Ghirardello Stefano
Published: April 2023

Conceiving by assisted infertility treatments may influence breastfeeding duration. In one-year time, to evaluate the goal of 6 months breastfeeding, we recruited 55 consecutive mothers who conceived using assisted treatment compared to 45 mothers conceiving naturally, all giving birth to healthy, full-term, singleton infants, sharing the double-occupancy room. At birth, maternal/neonatal characteristics were obtained by medical records and interviews. Six months after, a telephonic interview was done about the exclusivity of breastfeeding, mood instability, and breastfeeding complications. All the women were supported by the same neonatal-pediatrician team, during the study period. The number of mothers who were exclusively breastfeeding at six months was not statistically different between the two groups, as well as, breastfeeding initiation, BMI, smoking habit, mood instability, co-morbidities. In the assisted group, the women were older, had fewer previous children, upper degree of education, higher rate of cesarean sections, their neonate’s birthweight was lower; they reported more breastfeeding complications, but the distribution was not different between groups. The control women had higher number of previously breastfed siblings. Our experience highlights that the mode of conception may not be the defining factor influencing the goal of 6 months lactation. The support of healthcare professional team has a crucial role in maintaining breastfeeding.