bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation mechanism of insensitive tellurium hexanitride with armchair-like cyclo-N6 anions
Authors: Liu Zhao , Li Da , Zhuang Quan , Tian Fubo , Duan Defang , Li Fangfei , Cui Tian
Published: April 2020

The lower decomposition barriers of cyclo-N6 anions hinder their application as high-energy-density materials. Here, first-principles calculations and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that enhancing the covalent component of the interaction between cyclo-N6 anions and cations can effectively improve the stability of cyclo-N6 anions. Taking tellurium hexanitride as a representative, the exotic armchair-like N6 anions of tellurium hexanitride exhibit resistance towards electronic attack and gain extra stability through the formation of covalent bonds with the surrounding elemental tellurium under high pressures. These covalent bonds effectively improve the chemical barrier and insensitivity of tellurium hexanitride during blasting, which prevents the decomposition of solid cyclo-N6 salts into molecular nitrogen. Furthermore, the high-pressure induced covalent bonds between cyclo-N6 anions and tellurium enable the high bulk modulus, remarkable detonation performance, and high-temperature thermodynamic stability of tellurium hexanitride.
Residual stress analysis of thin film photovoltaic cells subjected to massive micro-particle impact
Authors: Xiao Kailu , Wu Xianqian , Wu Chenwu , Yin Qiuyun , Huang Chenguang
Published: April 2020

Micro-particle impact experiments and the residual stress tests by Raman spectrum.
Colorimetric sensing of chlorpyrifos through negative feedback inhibition of the catalytic activity of silver phosphate oxygenase nanozymes
Authors: Kushwaha Amisha , Singh Gajendar , Sharma Manu
Published: April 2020

Ag3PO4 oxygenase nanozymatic activity towards chlorpyrifos sensing.
Multi-residue determination of micropollutants in Nigerian fish from Lagos lagoon using ultrasound assisted extraction, solid phase extraction and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Fabunmi Idera , Sims Natalie , Proctor Kathryn , Oyeyiola Aderonke , Oluseyi Temilola , Olayinka Kehinde , Kasprzyk-Hordern Barbara
Published: April 2020

This reports for the first time a simple and robust approach in determining pharmaceuticals in different fish species in Nigeria.
Layer-structured uranyl-oxide hydroxy-hydrates with Pr(iii) and Tb(iii) ions: hydroxyl to oxo transition driven by interlayer cations
Authors: Lu Kimbal Thane , Zhang Yingjie , Wei Tao , Čejka Jiří , Zheng Rongkun
Published: April 2020

Two new uranyl-oxide hydroxy-hydrate phases with Pr(iii)/Tb(iii) ions have been synthesized hydrothermally and structurally characterized.
Thermoelectric thiophene dendrimers with large Seebeck coefficients
Authors: Oki Kota , Horike Shohei , Yamaguchi Mana , Takechi Chikayo , Koshiba Yasuko , Fukushima Tatsuya , Mori Atsunori , Ishida Kenji
Published: April 2020

π-Conjugated dendrimers are emerging platforms for molecular-based photonics and electronics.
Reversibly-regulated drug release using poly(tannic acid) fabricated nanocarriers for reduced secondary side effects in tumor therapy
Authors: Chen Chao , Ma Tonghao , Tang Wen , Wang Xiaoli , Wang Yibing , Zhuang Jiafeng , Zhu Yucheng , Wang Ping
Published: April 2020

This article introduced a reversibly pH-responsive and targeting nanocarrier based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles which could be utilized to reduce the “secondary” side effects on normal tissues.
Reply to the ‘Comment on “Hierarchically porous, ultra-strong reduced graphene oxide–cellulose nanocrystal sponges for exceptional adsorption of water contaminants”’ by J. Ma, Y. Xiong and F. Yu, Nanoscale, 2019, 11, DOI: 10.1039/C8NR08780F
Authors: Yousefi Nariman , Tufenkji Nathalie
Published: April 2020

We respond to the comments of Ma et al. and clarify the rationale behind our methodology and why it is suitable for our work.
Intermetallic borides: structures, synthesis and applications in electrocatalysis
Authors: Chen Hui , Zou Xiaoxin
Published: April 2020

This review summarizes structural features and recent synthesis methods of structurally ordered intermetallic borides, and the theoretical–experimental advances in the emerging boride-catalyzed reactions.
Green and low-cost synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their application in transistor-based carbon monoxide sensing
Authors: Narayana Ashwath , Bhat Sachin A. , Fathima Almas , Lokesh S. V. , Surya Sandeep G. , Yelamaggad C. V.
Published: April 2020

An OFET-based CO gas sensor has been demonstrated where ZnO NPs realized by an inexpensive, environmentally friendly method have been employed as an active medium.
A sustainable innovation for the tandem synthesis of sugar-containing coumarin derivatives catalyzed by lipozyme TL IM fromThermomyces lanuginosusin continuous-flow microreactors
Authors: Du Li-Hua , Chen Ping-Feng , Long Rui-Jie , Xue Miao , Luo Xi-Ping
Published: April 2020

An effective and environmentally friendly two-step tandem protocol for the synthesis of sugar-containing coumarin derivatives catalyzed by lipozyme TL IM in continuous-flow microreactors has been developed.
Ultrasound-assisted coagulation for Microcystis aeruginosa removal using Fe3O4-loaded carbon nanotubes
Authors: Wu Xiaoge , Xu Guofeng , Wang Juanjuan
Published: April 2020

The combination of sonication and Fe3O4/CNTs were applied on Microcystis aeruginosa removal for the first time.
Estradiol and progesterone affect enzymes but not glucose consumption in a mink uterine cell line (GMMe)
Authors: Holmlund Hayden , Marín-Hernández Álvaro , Chase Jennifer R.
Published: April 2020

Cells lining the uterus are responsible for storage and secretion of carbohydrates to support early embryonic development. Histotrophic secretions contain glycogen and glycolytic products such as lactate and pyruvate. Insufficient carbohydrate storage as glycogen has been correlated with infertility in women. While it is clear that changes in estrogen (17-β-estradiol (E2)) and progesterone (P4) in vivo affect the distribution of glucose in the uterine cells and secretions, the biochemical mechanism(s) by which they affect this crucial allocation is not well understood. Furthermore, in cultured uterine cells, neither E2 nor P4 affect glycogen storage without insulin present. We hypothesized that P4 and E2 alone affect the activity of glycolytic enzymes, glucose and glycolytic flux to increase glycogen storage (E2) and catabolism (P4) and increase pyruvate and lactate levels in culture. We measured the rate of glucose uptake and glycolysis in a mink immortalized epithelial cell line (GMMe) after 24-h exposure to 10 μM P4 and 10 nM E2 (pharmacologic levels) at 5 mM glucose and determined the kinetic parameters (Vmax, Km) of all enzymes. While the activities of many glycolytic enzymes in GMMe cells were shown to be decreased by E2 treatment, in contrast, glucose uptake, glycolytic flux and metabolites levels were not affected by the treatments. The cellular rationale for P4- and E2-induced decreases in the activity of enzymes may be to prime the system for other regulators such as insulin. In vivo, E2 and P4 may be necessary but not sufficient signals for uterine cycle carbohydrate allocation.
Decision framework of group consensus with hesitant fuzzy linguistic preference relations
Authors: Lin Yang , Wang Ying‐Ming
Published: April 2020

Group decision making typically requires eliciting and coordinating the preferences of group members. In this study, the authors develop an overall framework of group consensus in context of hesitant fuzzy linguistic preference relations (HFLPRs). A new notion of distance measure between two HFLPRs is defined, based on which a consensual framework consists of two mechanisms, the automatic consensus reaching and the interactive consensus reaching is presented. Accordingly, they, respectively, design two algorithms to implement these mechanisms. Finally, a group decision problem of green supplier selection is provided to exemplify and verify both of the proposed methods, and a comparative analysis with some related approaches is performed.
Probing the azimuthal environment of galaxies around clusters
Authors: Gouin C. , Aghanim N. , Bonjean V. , Douspis M.
Published: April 2020

Galaxy clusters are connected at their peripheries to the large-scale structures by cosmic filaments that funnel accreting material. These filamentary structures are studied to investigate both environment-driven galaxy evolution and structure formation and evolution. In the present work, we probe in a statistical manner the azimuthal distribution of galaxies around clusters as a function of the cluster-centric distance, cluster richness, and star-forming or passive galaxy activity. We performed a harmonic decomposition in large photometric galaxy catalogue around 6400 SDSS clusters with masses M >  1014 solar masses in the redshift range of 0.1 <  z <  0.3. The same analysis was performed on the mock galaxy catalogue from the light cone of a Magneticum hydrodynamical simulation. We used the multipole analysis to quantify asymmetries in the 2D galaxy distribution. In the inner cluster regions at R <  2R500, we confirm that the galaxy distribution traces an ellipsoidal shape, which is more pronounced for richest clusters. In the outskirts of the clusters (R = [2 − 8]R500), filamentary patterns are detected in harmonic space with a mean angular scale mmean = 4.2 ± 0.1. Massive clusters seem to have a larger number of connected filaments than lower-mass clusters. We also find that passive galaxies appear to trace the filamentary structures around clusters better. This is the case even if the contribution of star-forming galaxies tends to increase with the cluster-centric distance, suggesting a gradient of galaxy activity in filaments around clusters.
Filament profiles from WISExSCOS galaxies as probes of the impact of environmental effects
Authors: Bonjean V. , Aghanim N. , Douspis M. , Malavasi N. , Tanimura H.
Published: April 2020

The role played by large-scale structures in galaxy evolution is not very well understood yet. In this study, we investigated properties of galaxies in the range 0.1 <  z <  0.3 from a value-added version of the WISExSCOS catalogue around cosmic filaments detected with DisPerSE. We fitted a profile of galaxy over-density around cosmic filaments and found a typical radius of rm = 7.5 ± 0.2 Mpc. We measured an excess of passive galaxies near to the spine of the filament that was higher than the excess of transitioning and active galaxies. We also detected star formation rates (SFR) and stellar mass (M⋆) gradients pointing towards the spine of the filament. We investigated this result and found an M⋆ gradient for each type of galaxy, that is active, transitioning, and passive; we found a positive SFR gradient for passive galaxies. We also linked the galaxy properties and gas content in the cosmic web. To do so, we investigated the quiescent fraction fQ profile of galaxies around the cosmic filaments. Based on recent studies about the effect of the gas and the cosmic web on galaxy properties, we modelled fQ with a β model of gas pressure. The slope obtained in this work, β = 0.54 ± 0.18, is compatible with the scenario of projected isothermal gas in hydrostatic equilibrium (β = 2/3) and with the profiles of gas fitted in Sunyaev-Zel’dovich data from the Planck satellite.
Site-Specific Response Analysis (SSRA) and pairs of ground- motions time-history generation of a site in Jakarta
Authors: I Wayan Sengara , Det Komerdevi
Published: April 2020

The purpose of earthquake resistance design of building is to produce a structures that can withstand a certain level of a ground shaking without excessive damage. Careful consideration in the design of structures and facilities to the seismic are implemented by design of ground-motions. Jakarta as the capital city of Indonesia has potential of seismic hazard. Thus, design of high rise buildings in Jakarta requires reliable seismic design criteria for the safety and cost-effectiveness of the construction. Site-specific response analysis with reference to SNI-1726-2012 and generation of pairs of ground-motions with reference to FEMA-1050- 2015 of a proposed high-rise building site in Jakarta has been conducted. Through PSHA, two hazard levels of earthquake have been developed, that is representing 50% probability of exceedence (PE) in 30 years (43 years earthquake return period) and 2% PE in 50 years (2,475 years earthquake return period) ground-motions at reference base-rock (Sb). In addition, risk-targeted ground-motions (RTGM) defined as 1% probability of the building collapse in 50 years has been also developed adopting P-value = 0.65. Seven pairs of ground- motions time-history have been generated with spectral periods scaling from 0.2-10.0 sec considering seismic sources from Megathrsut, Beniof and Shallow Crustals have been applied to consider the short and long period motions have potential to hit the proposed building with structure period of 7.0 second.
Temporal cavity solitons in a delayed model of a dispersive cavity ring laser
Authors: Pimenov Alexander , Amiranashvili Shalva , Vladimirov Andrei G.
Published: April 2020

Nonlinear localised structures appear as solitary states in systems with multistability and hysteresis. In particular, localised structures of light known as temporal cavity solitons were observed recently experimentally in driven Kerr-cavities operating in the anomalous dispersion regime when one of the two bistable spatially homogeneous steady states exhibits a modulational instability. We use a distributed delay system to study theoretically the formation of temporal cavity solitons in an optically injected ring semiconductor-based fiber laser, and propose an approach to derive reduced delay-differential equation models taking into account the dispersion of the intracavity fiber delay line. Using these equations we perform the stability and bifurcation analysis of injection-locked continuous wave states and temporal cavity solitons.
On hysteresis of ion channels
Authors: Korman Can E. , Mayergoyz Isaak D.
Published: April 2020

Ion channel proteins have many conformational (metastable) states and, for this reason, they exhibit hysteresis. This fact is responsible for the non-Markovian stochastic nature of single ion channel recordings. It is suggested in the paper that the stochastic single channel recordings can be modeled as the random outputs of rectangular hysteresis loops driven by stochastic processes. The latter problem can be mathematically treated as an exit problem for stochastic processes or by using the theory of stochastic processes on graphs. It is also demonstrated in the paper that the collective action of sodium and potassium channels responsible for the generation and propagation of action potentials exhibit hysteresis. This demonstration is accomplished by using the inverse problem approach to the nonlinear Hodgkin-Huxley diffusion equation.
The global stability of a class of history-dependent macroeconomic models
Authors: Lamba Harbir , Krejčí Pavel , Rachinskii Dmitrii
Published: April 2020

We consider piecewise-linear, discrete-time, macroeconomic models that have a continuum of feasible equilibrium states. The non-trivial equilibrium set and resulting path-dependence are induced by stickiness in either expectations or the response of the Central Bank. For a low-dimensional variant of the model with one representative agent, and also for a multi-agent model, we show that when exogenous noise is absent from the system the continuum of equilibrium states is the global attractor and each solution trajectory converges exponentially to one of the equilibria. Further, when a uniformly bounded noise is present, or the equilibrium states are destabilized by an imperfect Central Bank policy (or both), we estimate the size of the domain that attracts all the trajectories. The proofs are based on introducing a family of Lyapunov functions and, for the multi-agent model, deriving a formula for the inverse of the Prandtl-Ishlinskii operator acting in the space of discrete-time inputs and outputs.
Fractional order prey-predator model with infected predators in the presence of competition and toxicity
Authors: Lemnaouar M. R. , Khalfaoui M. , Louartassi Y. , Tolaimate I.
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we propose a fractional-order prey-predator model with reserved area in the presence of the toxicity and competition. We prove different mathematical results like existence, uniqueness, non negativity and boundedness of the solution for our model. Further, we discuss the local and global stability of these equilibria. Finally, we perform numerical simulations to prove our results.
Non-REM Parasomnie
Authors: Heidbreder Anna
Published: April 2020

Die Non-REM-Parasomnien umfassen das Schlafwandeln, den Nachtschreck und das verwirrte Erwachen. Sie sind verbunden mit Verhaltensauffälligkeiten, die aus dem Tiefschlaf heraus auftreten. Das Verhalten variiert dabei zwischen einem kurzen plötzlichen Aufrichten bis hin zu komplexen Handlungen, z. B. Kochen, Autofahren. In EEG-Untersuchungen und bildgebenden Studien konnte gezeigt werden, dass es während solcher Episoden zu einer Dissoziation von Wach und Schlaf kommt. Meist treten NREM-Parasomnien in der Kindheit und frühen Jugend auf und verschwinden mit dem Erwachsenwerden. In bis zu 2 % bis 4 % spielen sie aber auch bei Erwachsenen eine Rolle und haben nicht selten relevante psychosoziale Konsequenzen für die Betroffenen. Für die Diagnostik ist in solchen Fällen auch zum Ausschluss von Differenzialdiagnosen eine Polysomnografie obligat, auch wenn diese durch die Diagnosekriterien bisher nicht gefordert wird. Meist ist eine Behandlung der NREM-Parasomnie nicht erforderlich, diese sollte jedoch eingesetzt werden, wenn psychosoziale Konsequenzen durch die nächtlichen Ereignisse bestehen. Da randomisierte Studien bisher fehlen, beruhen die Behandlungsempfehlungen auf Expertenmeinungen und Untersuchungen von Fallserien.
ASH 2018: Multicenter-Studie Beat AML
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: April 2020

In der Multicenter-Studie Beat AML hat sich die rasche genetische Subtypisierung innerhalb von maximal 7 Tagen und die darauf basierende Therapiewahl bei neu diagnostizierten Patienten mit akuter myeloischer Leukämie (AML) als machbar und sinnvoll erwiesen.
ASCO-GI 2019: Metastasiertes Kolorektalkarzinom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: April 2020

Zum Zeitpunkt der Präsentation der entsprechenden Subgruppenanalyse der CALGB/SWOG 80405-Daten auf der Jahresversammlung der ASCO 2016 wurde weithin akzeptiert, dass Patienten mit linksseitigen metastasiertem Kolorektalkarzinom (mCRC) eine bessere Prognose als Patienten mit rechtsseitigen Tumoren aufweisen und möglicherweise auch ein prädiktiver Zusammenhang mit den etablierten Therapieregimen besteht. Diverse Zentren haben nun die eigenen Datenbanken sowie Studiendaten auf den prognostischen Wert der Seitigkeit des Kolonkarzinoms ausgewertet und präsentierten kontroverse Ergebnisse beim ASCO GI in San Francisco.
Erstlinientherapie des metastasierten malignen Melanoms
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: April 2020

Patienten mit einem metastasierten malignen Melanom mit einer BRAF V600 K-Mutation profitieren in der Erstlinientherapie wahrscheinlich mehr von einer First-Line-Immuntherapie als von einer Therapie mit einem BRAF/MEK-Inhibitor.
Merkelzellkarzinom
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: April 2020

Das Merkelzellkarzinom ist mit der Mortalität bei Hauttumoren assoziiert. Eine aktuelle retrospektive Kohortenstudie ergab, dass das Verhältnis positiver Lymphknoten zur Gesamtzahl untersuchter Lymphknoten signifikant mit dem Langzeitüberleben nach der Resektion positiver Lymphknoten assoziiert war. Aber nicht immer profitieren die Patienten von einer adjuvanten Chemoradiotherapie.
Metabolische Chirurgie bei Typ-2-Diabetes?
Authors: Blüher Matthias
Published: April 2020

Was ist neu?

Indikationsstellung Unter metabolischer Chirurgie wird die nicht ausschließlich gewichtsabhängige chirurgische Therapie von Stoffwechselerkrankungen verstanden, deren Ziel unter anderem die Verbesserung der Hyperglykämie ist. Nach der seit 2018 gültigen S3-Leitlinie „Chirurgie der Adipositas und metabolischer Erkrankungen“ kann die Indikation zur metabolischen Chirurgie bei Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes und einem BMI ≥ 35 kg/m² gestellt werden, wenn diabetesspezifische individuelle Zielwerte nicht erreicht werden können. Ab einem BMI ≥ 40 kg/m² soll die metabolische Operation sogar als mögliche Therapieoption auch unabhängig von Parametern der glykämischen Kontrolle oder der medikamentösen Diabetestherapie empfohlen werden.

Nutzen der metabolischen Chirurgie In randomisierten kontrollierten Studien war die metabolische Chirurgie gegenüber der konservativen Diabetestherapie im Hinblick auf Verbesserungen der Blutzuckereinstellung und Gewichtsreduktion konsistent überlegen und konnte die Inzidenz an makro- und mikrovaskulären Diabeteskomplikationen senken.

Risiken der metabolischen Chirurgie Zu den Risiken der metabolischen Chirurgie zählen akute Komplikationen bis hin zu einer perioperativen Mortalität von 0,1–0,5 % und längerfristige Komplikationen wie defiziente Mikronährstoffversorgung, Suchtentwicklung oder erhöhtes Risiko für Suizidalität.

Fazit Für die meisten Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes wird die metabolische Chirurgie nicht die erste Wahl im eskalierenden Therapiekonzept sein. Dies begründet sich v. a. daraus, dass durch moderne Antidiabetika und modifizierte Insulintherapien eine sichere und langfristig wirksame Diabetestherapie bei guter Lebensqualität möglich ist. Gleichzeitig sollten aber Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes, die besonders von einer chirurgischen Therapie des Diabetes profitieren können, über diese Therapieoption aufgeklärt werden. Der Nutzen einer rechtzeitigen metabolischen Chirurgie sollte dabei immer gegenüber den Risiken abgewogen werden.
Barrett-Ösophagus – Update zu klinischem Management und Therapien
Authors: Quante Michael , Huspenina Julia Slotta , Abdelhafez Mohamed
Published: April 2020

Was ist neu?

Pathogenese Adenokarzinome des Ösophagus sind denen des Magens sehr ähnlich und entstehen mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit im Bereich der Kardia im Magen, von wo aus proliferierende Zellen in den Ösophagus expandieren und dort zunächst benigne „Barrett-Schleimhautinseln“ bilden. Eine hinzukommende genomische Instabilität führt zur klonalen Evolution bestimmter Zellen, die zur Entwicklung eines Adenokarzinoms führen kann.

Risikofaktoren Eine klare Definition von Faktoren ist zur besseren Risikostratifizierung und Etablierung präventiver Strategien dringend notwendig. Aktuelle Prädiktionsmodelle, die unter anderem Übergewicht, Ernährungsweise oder Tabakkonsum erfassen, haben sich in der klinischen Anwendung noch nicht durchsetzen können.

Diagnostik und Überwachung Zur Diagnostik und Überwachung existieren aktuelle Leitlinien. Die Diagnose eines Barrett-Ösophagus erfolgt histopathologisch aus 4-Quadranten-Biopsien. Darüber hinaus sollten makroskopisch auffällige Areale der Barrett-Schleimhaut gezielt biopsiert werden. Die Detektion neoplastischer Areale kann durch Einsatz der Chromoendoskopie in Kombination mit Vergrößerungsendoskopie und Färbetechniken (Methylenblau oder Essigsäure) verbessert werden.

Therapie Die kurativ intendierte endoskopische Resektion ist die Standardtherapie der dysplastischen Barrett-Metaplasie, des mukosalen (T1a-m) und des oberflächlich submukosal (T1a-sm1) wachsenden Adenokarzinoms. Hier stellen die Kappen- und Ligatur-Resektion sowie zunehmend die endoskopische Submukosa-Dissektion die empfohlenen Resektionstechniken und in Kombination mit der Radiofrequenzablation die leitliniengerechte Therapie dar.
Konzept der sequenziellen natriuretischen Peptidmessungen im Behandlungsplan der Herzinsuffizienz
Authors: Becher Marc Ulrich
Published: April 2020

Was ist neu?

NP-Grenzwert zur Diagnostik einer Herzinsuffizienz Von den klinisch verfügbaren Biomarkern sind die natriuretischen Peptide (NP) die robustesten Prädiktoren für die Diagnose und Prognose bei Herzinsuffizienz (HI). Der prognostische Wert ist insbesondere bei serieller Bestimmung der NP hoch, sodass der klinische Einsatz in internationalen HI-Leitlinien mit höchster Evidenz und Empfehlung weiter in den Vordergrund gerückt ist.

Strategie der sequenziellen NP-Messungen Das Konzept der sequenziellen NP-Messungen dient der Erfassung der Natrium- und Wasserüberladung zu klinisch definierten Zeitpunkten. Ziel eines NP-unterstützten Behandlungsplans ist, nicht nur die Dynamik des klinischen Therapieansprechens zu objektivieren, sondern den individuellen Therapieverlauf klinischen Szenarien zuzuordnen, die ihrerseits eine wesentliche Rolle für die Risikostratifizierung, Prognose und Notwendigkeiten von Therapieoptimierung in der stationären, aber auch ambulanten Versorgung spielen.
S3-Leitlinie Sepsis 2018: ausgewählte Empfehlungen
Authors: Brunkhorst Frank M.
Published: April 2020

Was ist neu?

Definition der Sepsis Eine Sepsis ist eine akut lebensbedrohliche Organdysfunktion, hervorgerufen durch eine inadäquate Wirtsantwort auf eine Infektion. Für die Diagnose einer Sepsis-assoziierten Organdysfunktion ist eine Veränderung des Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Scores um ≥ 2 Punkte zu verwenden.

Therapie Zur hämodynamischen Stabilisierung von Patienten sollte eine intravenöse kristalloide Lösung innerhalb der ersten 3 Stunden verabreicht werden. 0,9 %ige Kochsalzlösung sollte NICHT verwendet werden. Eine schematische Mindestinfusionsmenge und ein allgemeiner Zielwert für den mittleren arteriellen Blutdruck werden nicht empfohlen. Intravenöse Antiinfektiva sollten so schnell wie möglich verabreicht werden – möglichst innerhalb 1 Stunde nach Diagnosestellung. Um alle wesentlichen Bakterien zu erfassen wird die Anwendung einer empirischen Breitspektrumtherapie mit einem oder mehreren Antibiotika empfohlen. Um die antimikrobielle Therapiedauer zu verkürzen, sollten Messungen des Procalcitonin-Werts vorgenommen werden.
Relationship between VO2max, under Water Swim Testing and Artistic Swim Solo Performance
Authors: Viana Eric , Bentley David J , Logan-Sprenger Heather M.
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between: 1) laboratory-determined cycling peak oxygen consumption (VO2max) and AS performance in a new underwater swim test (UWST), and 2) cycling VO2max and ventilatory threshold (VT) in cycling and performance score during a simulated AS solo routine. Trained artistic swimmers (n=15, 15.8±0.8 yrs., height: 169.1±5.4 cm, body mass: 57.1±6.3 kg) completed (1) a maximal incremental cycle test to exhaustion to determine VO2max, (2) the UWST which comprised 275 m of freestyle and underwater breaststroke, and (3) a simulated solo competition where artistic swimming elements were evaluated by five FINA judges. There was a significant correlation between mean element score and (i) VO2max (48±4 mL. kg.min−1, r=0.44, p=0.05), and (ii) UWST (r=−0.64, p=0.005). However, there was an insignificant relationship between cycling ventilatory threshold and mean element score (r=–0.36, p=0.10). In addition, the results demonstrate a significant relationship between HR at the ventilatory threshold and peak HR of the UWST (r=–0.64, p=0.014). The results of this study demonstrate that VO2max is an important determinant of AS performance. In addition, the UWST appears to be a useful indicator of AS performance.
Presbyvestibulopathie
Authors: Van de Berg Raymond , Wuyts Floris , Walther Leif , Magnusson Mans , Oh Esther , Margaret Sharpe , Strupp Michael , Agrawal Yuri
Published: April 2020

In dieser Publikation werden die Diagnosekriterien für Presbyvestibulopathie (PVP) durch das Klassifikationskomitee der Bárány-Gesellschaft beschrieben. PVP ist als ein chronisches vestibuläres Syndrom definiert, das durch Gangunsicherheit, Gangstörungen und/oder wiederholte Stürze bei leichten bilateralen vestibulären Defiziten gekennzeichnet ist, mit Labortestbefunden, die zwischen Normalwerten und Schwellenwerten für die bilaterale Vestibulopathie liegen.

Die Diagnose von PVP basiert auf der Anamnese des Patienten, der körperlichen Untersuchung des Patienten und der Auswertung von Untersuchungen des Gleichgewichtssystems. Die Diagnose von PVP setzt eine bilateral verminderte Funktion des vestibulookulären Reflexes (VOR) voraus. Dies kann für den Hochfrequenzbereich des VOR mit dem Video-Kopf-Impuls-Test (vKIT), für den mittleren Frequenzbereich mit dem Drehstuhltest und für den Niederfrequenzbereich mit der kalorischen Prüfung diagnostiziert werden.

Für die Diagnose von PVP sollte der horizontale anguläre VOR-Verstärkungsfaktor (Gain) auf beiden Seiten < 0,8 und > 0,6 betragen, und/oder die Summe der maximalen Spitzengeschwindigkeiten in der langsamen Phase des kalorisch induzierten Nystagmus sollte bei der Stimulation mit warmem und kaltem Wasser auf jeder Seite < 25°/s und > 6°/s betragen, und/oder der horizontale anguläre VOR-Gain sollte bei Drehstuhlpendelung > 0,1 und < 0,3 betragen.

PVP tritt typischerweise zusammen mit anderen altersbedingten Defiziten des Sehvermögens, der Propriozeption und/oder der kortikalen, zerebellären und extrapyramidalen Funktion auf, die ebenfalls zur Manifestation der Symptome von Gangunsicherheit, Gangstörungen und Stürzen beitragen und diese möglicherweise erst auftreten lassen. Die hier beschriebenen Kriterien berücksichtigen lediglich das Vorhandensein dieser Symptome zusammen mit einer dokumentierten Beeinträchtigung der vestibulären Funktion bei älteren Erwachsenen.
Transkranielle Magnetstimulation zur Behandlung von Depressionen bei Schwangeren
Authors: Schecklmann Martin , Langguth Berthold , Hebel Tobias
Published: April 2020

Gegenstand und Ziel In dieser Übersichtsarbeit sollen die Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit der repetitiven transkraniellen Magnetstimulation (rTMS) für die Patientengruppe depressiv erkrankter Schwangerer evaluiert werden.

Material und Methoden Es wurde eine Datenbankrecherche auf Pubmed durchgeführt, um alle relevanten Original- und Übersichtsarbeiten zu dem Thema zu identifizieren und zu analysieren

Ergebnisse Zusätzlich zu einer Reihe von Fallberichten existieren 3 kontrollierte Studien zur Behandlung depressiver Schwangerer mittels rTMS. Der Datenlage nach scheint die rTMS sowohl für die schwangeren Patientinnen als auch ihre ungeborenen Kinder sicher zu sein. Es wurden keine postnatalen negativen Wirkungen auf die Kindesentwicklung berichtet.

Schlussfolgerung rTMS stellt eine vielversprechende Behandlungsoption dar. Weitere Studien mit größeren Teilnehmerzahlen sind notwendig, um den Stellenwert der rTMS in einer multimodalen Depressionsbehandlung in der Schwangerschaft zu klären.
Nichtkleinzelliges Lungenkarzinom – doppelte Resistenzentwicklung
Authors: Moeller M. , Siebolts U. , Wickenhauser C. , Schuette W.
Published: April 2020

Erworbene Resistenzen gegenüber Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitoren beim nichtkleinzelligen Lungenkarzinom entwickeln sich nach etwa 9–12 Monaten. In etwa 60 % der Fälle entstehen diese durch eine sekundäre EGFR-T790M-Resistenzmutation. In dieser Kasuistik wird der Fall einer Patientin mit einer Mutation im EGFR Exon 19 beschrieben. Es entwickeln sich unter TKI-Therapie 2 parallele Resistenzmechanismen. Zum einen eine T790M-Resistenzmutation, zum anderen die Transformation in ein kleinzelliges neuroendokrines Karzinom. Unter der Therapie mit Osimertinib sowie paralleler Chemotherapie mit Carboplatin und Etoposid konnte nach 2 Zyklen eine partielle Remission erzielt werden.
Sonderheft Methodische Aspekte der Sekundärdatenanalyse
(I)
Authors: Swart Enno , Gothe Holger , Hoffmann Falk , Ihle Peter , Schubert Ingrid , Stallmann Christoph , March Stefanie
Published: April 2020

Die wissenschaftliche Nutzung von Sekundärdaten, nicht allein von solchen der
gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GKV), hat sich in den vergangenen Jahren fest in
der Versorgungsforschung etabliert. Das zeigen das Memorandum Methoden der
Versorgungsforschung 1 und Grundlagenwerke der
Sekundärdatenanalyse 2. Gleichwohl
entwickelt sich eine hohe Dynamik in diesem Forschungszweig, einerseits durch die
zahlreichen durch den Innovationsfonds des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses (G-BA)
geförderten Projekte mit Nutzung von Sekundärdaten, andererseits
durch die rasant zunehmenden wissenschaftlichen Studien mit einem individuellen
Datenlinkage von Primär- und Sekundärdaten oder
Sekundärdaten unterschiedlicher Dateneigner. Weiterhin geraten zunehmend
Sekundärdaten jenseits der weithin bekannten GKV-Abrechnungsdaten in den
Fokus der Wissenschaft. Daher erscheint es den Herausgebern sinnvoll,
ergänzend zu den in früheren Jahren etablierten oder neu
publizierten Standards der Sekundärdatenanalyse 3
4
5 einen breiten methodischen Überblick
zu geben über die für die Sekundärdatenanalyse
zugänglichen Datenquellen, über methodische Herausforderungen bei
deren Erschließung, Validierung und Aufbereitung sowie neue methodische
Ansätze bei der Analyse der Daten zu diskutieren.
Do Anti-Factor Xa Levels have any Impact on Pregnancy Outcome in
Women with Previous Adverse Outcomes?
Authors: Oskovi-Kaplan Z. Asli , Erkenekli Kudret , Oztas Efser , Esmer Seda Bilir , Danisman Nuri , Uygur Dilek , Ozgu-Erdinc A. Seval
Published: April 2020

Objective Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is used during pregnancy in
women diagnosed with thrombophilia for prevention of thromboembolic events and
prevention of recurrent pregnancy loss. Prophylactic dosing does not always
achieve target anti-FXa levels of 0.2–0.6 IU/ml. We
aimed to determine if anti-FXa levels, measured in the first trimester, have an
influence on pregnancy outcome.

Material and Methods Eighty-one first-trimester women with a history of
adverse pregnancy outcomes under LMWH therapy during pregnancy were enrolled in
this study. Anti-FXa levels were measured in the first trimester, and fetal and
maternal outcomes were recorded.

Results The mean age of women was 28±4 (19–40) and mean
anti-FXa level 0.44±0.93 IU/ml. No bleeding or clotting
complications were associated with LMWH administration. Anti-FXa levels did not
have a relationship with gestational age at birth, fetal weight, type of
delivery, cesarean indications, postpartum bleeding, APGAR scores, or admission
to the neonatal intensive care unit (p>0.005). Anti-FXa levels were not
correlated with live birth rates.

Conclusion Anti-FXa levels did not have an influence on pregnancy and
fetal outcomes. The effect of LMWH on pregnancy outcomes may not be due to
anticoagulant activity but other mechanisms.
Iodine-Catalyzed [3+2]-Cyclization of Substituted Benzylidenemalononitriles and Ethyl Glycinate Hydrochloride: Direct Access to 5-Amino-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylates
Authors: Wang Cunde , Su Zhenjie , Wang Shan , Luo Naili
Published: April 2020

An iodine-catalyzed [3+2]-cycloaddition reaction of substituted benzylidenemalononitriles and ethyl glycinate hydrochloride in DMF has been developed for the synthesis of 5-amino-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylates. This efficient method provides access to a variety of structurally diverse pyrrole-2-carboxylate derivatives. The structure of a typical product was confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
A high-precision synchronous signal acquisition device
Authors: Zhang Zhu , Xiang Nian Wen , Ding Li Jian
Published: April 2020

The synchronous and accurate acquisition of multiple features of states is key to assessing the state of power equipment. The highest recorded accuracy of currently available synchronous signal measuring devices in intelligent substations is the 0.2 class, which cannot satisfy the requirements of power equipment such as voltage and current transformers. The accuracy of measurement of a high-precision sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter (ADC) can reach the 0.05 class, but the phase error among several sigma-delta ADCs is large and dynamic because of inadequate real-time sampling. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a double-trigger-time digital conversion technology for synchronous and accurate measurement among sigma-delta ADCs. The results of tests show that its measurement accuracy can reach the 0.05 class.
Repetition rate multiplication control of micro-combs assisted by perfect temporal Talbot effect
Authors: Zhao Yanjing , Chen Liao , Wang Weiqiang , Wang Ruolan , Hu Hao , Wang Xinyu , Zhang Chi , Zhang Wenfu , Zhang Xinliang
Published: April 2020

Controllable repetition rate multiplication of micro-combs is demonstrated based on the perfect temporal Talbot effect. With third-order-dispersion being eliminated, the repetition rates of micro-combs can be precisely controlled with strong reconfigurability and compatibility. First, we show the fifth multiplication of the repetition rate with unaffected pulse width and shape in both simulation and experiment. By slightly changing fiber lengths, the repetition rate of a micro-comb is precisely increased by 10 times, 15 times, and 20 times, reaching even 980 GHz. The method is verified to be compatible with perfect crystal solitons in repetition rate multiplication. Combined together, larger repetition rates can be obtained. Besides, the perfect temporal Talbot effect can efficiently reduce both timing jitter and amplitude noise of input pulses, demonstrating the stable generation of high-quality pulses with flexible and high repetition rates. Furthermore, our scheme can avoid the trade-off between acquisition speed and temporal resolution in dual-comb synchronous optical sampling, which is quite useful for the ultrafast detection of transient response in unstable samples. This demonstration will lead to the possible realization of an integrated and flexible repetition rate multiplexer for soliton micro-combs and further promote the development of dual-comb applications and future terahertz science.
The nudged elastic band method for effective natural image patches analysis
Authors: Cha Kewen , Wang Shuang , Xia Shengxiang
Published: April 2020

We used sampled data from a well-established database of natural images to construct a density estimator, which is designed to act as a Morse function. We constructed one-dimensional cell complexes through this Morse function by utilizing the nudged elastic band method. By making use of cell complexes, we detect some topological characterizations of natural image data, and we experimentally show that spaces of high-contrast n × n patches (n = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) with different subsets have the same topology as a circle.
Comparison of solar radiation models reveals key parameters for solar energy harvesting
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: April 2020

To optimize energy assessments for planning solar power plants, it is important to evaluate how well different datasets perform.
Flow physics and mixing quality in a confined impinging jet mixer
Authors: Hao Yue , Seo Jung-Hee , Hu Yizong , Mao Hai-Quan , Mittal Rajat
Published: April 2020

Due to their ability to provide efficient mixing at small scales, confined impinging jet mixers (CIJMs) are employed widely in nanoparticle assembly processes such as flash nanoprecipitation and flash nanocomplexation, which require rapid mixing. In this mixing device, two jets from opposite directions impinge directly on each other forming a thin shear layer that breaks down rapidly into small flow structures. This enables effective mixing of the species transported by each jet by drastically reducing the diffusion distance. In the present study, the mixing performance of a commonly used cylindrical CIJM is examined by direct numerical simulations. Analysis of the simulation results indicates that the interaction of the shear layer with the inner walls of the CIJM is critical in inducing a range of instabilities in the impinging jet flow. By examining flow structures, statistical quantities, and metrics, we have characterized and quantified the mixing quality of a binary mixture in the CIJM. Product uniformity in processes such as precipitation and complexation is expected to depend on the residence time of the constituents, and this quantity is also calculated and compared for the cases with different jet Reynolds numbers. The jet Reynolds numbers of Re = 200, 600, and 1000 are considered, and the simulation results show that the CIJM achieves very good mixing for the Re = 600 and Re = 1000 cases. It is also found that the Re = 600 case performs slightly better than the other cases in terms of uniformity of the residence time. These quantitative analyses offer useful insights into the mechanism of nanoparticle size control and uniformity afforded by the unique flow physics and mixing characteristics in the CIJMs.
Local fat content and muscle quality measured by a new electrical impedance myography device: correlations with ultrasound variables
Authors: Longo Stefano , Coratella Giuseppe , Rampichini Susanna , Borrelli Marta , Scurati Raffaele , Limonta Eloisa , Cè Emiliano , Esposito Fabio
Published: April 2020

The present study investigated the relationship between local fat percentage (SKfat) and muscle quality (MQ) estimated by a new hand‐held electrical impedance myography (hEIM) device or derived from ultrasound and strength assessments. The right anterior thigh of 90 healthy participants (mean ± SD; age=22.9 ± 2.9 years; 45 men: BMI = 23.9 ± 2.4 kgm−2; 45 women: BMI = 21.1 ± 1.9 kgm−2) was scanned by hEIM and ultrasound. Correlations between SKfat, local subcutaneous fat (SUBfat), and echo intensity (EIus) were explored. Correlations between MQ, EIus, quadriceps femoris anatomical cross‐sectional area (ACSAQF), knee extensors maximum voluntary isometric torque (T), T/ACSAQF, EIus/SUBfat, and ACSAQF/SUBfat were also assessed. SKfat correlated with SUBfat (r = 0.88; p < 0.001) and EIus (r = 0.64; p < 0.001). MQ correlated with EIus (r = −0.66; p < 0.001), ACSAQF (r = 0.37; p < 0.001), EIus/SUBfat (r = 0.37; p < 0.001), and ACSAQF/SUBfat (r = 0.81; p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that SUBfat, EIus, and sex explained 86% of SKfat variance, whereas ACSAQF/SUBfat, sex and EIus explained 75% of MQ variance. In conclusion, high hEIM local fat percentage relates to greater subcutaneous fat and intramuscular non‐contractile tissue content. High hEIM muscle quality relates to greater muscle‐size:subcutaneous‐fat ratio and contractile tissue content. Sex influences the prediction of both parameters. This hEIM device seems to be useful to estimate local thigh composition.
Diurnal asymmetry in future temperature changes over the main Belt and Road regions
Authors: Zhuang Yuanhuang , Zhang Jingyong
Published: April 2020

Introduction
: Daily maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) temperatures and Diurnal temperature range (DTR) profoundly affect the ecological environment and socioeconomic systems. In this study, we project future changes in Tmax, Tmin and DTR for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 using fine-resolution downscaled data from the 18global coupled models over the main regions of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).

Outcomes:
The Multi-Model Ensemble (MME) mean projections show that future warming is stronger in Tmax than in Tmin, leading to the increased DTR over central and southern Europe, many areas surrounding the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, and southeastern China. By contrast, the DTR is projected to decline over the regions north of 55°N and other some areas due to the more rapid increase in Tmin than in Tmax. As a whole, the diurnal asymmetry of projected future temperature changes is found to mainly occur from November to March.

Conclusions:
Our findings contribute to the knowledgebase on climate change over the main BRI regions. Regarding uneven spatiotemporal changes in Tmax, Tmin and DTR, appropriate climate change adaptation strategies, and options should be adopted to reduce or avoid disadvantaged consequences to the natural system and human society over specific regions.
KV1.2 channels inactivate through a mechanism similar to C-type inactivation
Authors: Suárez-Delgado Esteban , Rangel-Sandín Teriws G. , Ishida Itzel G. , Rangel-Yescas Gisela E. , Rosenbaum Tamara , Islas León D.
Published: April 2020

Slow inactivation has been described in multiple voltage-gated K+ channels and in great detail in the Drosophila Shaker channel. Structural studies have begun to facilitate a better understanding of the atomic details of this and other gating mechanisms. To date, the only voltage-gated potassium channels whose structure has been solved are KvAP (x-ray diffraction), the KV1.2-KV2.1 “paddle” chimera (x-ray diffraction and cryo-EM), KV1.2 (x-ray diffraction), and ether-à-go-go (cryo-EM); however, the structural details and mechanisms of slow inactivation in these channels are unknown or poorly characterized. Here, we present a detailed study of slow inactivation in the rat KV1.2 channel and show that it has some properties consistent with the C-type inactivation described in Shaker. We also study the effects of some mutations that are known to modulate C-type inactivation in Shaker and show that qualitative and quantitative differences exist in their functional effects, possibly underscoring subtle but important structural differences between the C-inactivated states in Shaker and KV1.2.
Quantifying spatiotemporal gradient formation in early Caenorhabditis elegans embryos with lightsheet microscopy
Authors: Benelli Rebecca , Struntz Philipp , Hofmann Dirk , Weiss Matthias
Published: April 2020

Major steps in embryonic development, e.g. body axes formation or asymmetric cell divisions, rely on symmetry-breaking events and gradient formation. Using three-dimensional time-resolved lightsheet microscopy, we have studied a prototypical example for self-organized gradient formation in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. In particular, we have monitored in detail the formation of a concentration and mobility gradient of PIE-1 proteins as well as the partitioning behavior of vital organelles prior to the first, asymmetric cell division. Our data confirm the emergence of a concentration gradient of PIE-1 along the embryo’s anterior–posterior (AP) axis but they also reveal a previously unseen depletion zone near to the cell cortex that is not present for MEX-5 proteins. Time-resolved spatial diffusion maps, acquired with SPIM-FCS, highlight the successive emergence of a mobility gradient of PIE-1 along the AP axis and suggest an almost linear decrease of fast diffusing PIE-1 proteins along the AP axis. Quantifying the subordinated dissemination of vital organelles prior to the first cell division, i.e. gradient formation on larger length scales, we find a significant asymmetry in the partitioning of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria to the anterior and posterior part of the cell, respectively. Altogether, our spatiotemporally resolved data indicate that current one-dimensional model descriptions for gradient formation during C. elegans embryogenesis, i.e. a mere projection to the AP axis, might need an extension to a full three-dimensional description. Our data also advocate the use of lightsheet microscopy techniques to capture the actual three-dimensional nature of embryonic self-organization events.
Studying the surface properties of nanoferrimagnetic powders obtained by mechanochemical synthesis
Authors: Nevmyvaka A A , Bolgaru K A
Published: April 2020

Nanosized powders of magnetite and cobalt ferrospinel are obtained by the mechanochemical synthesis method. The phase composition and structural properties (lattice parameters, coherent scattering regions and internal elastic microstresses) of the synthesized materials are investigated. The surface properties of nanosized CoFe2O4 and Fe3O4 powders are studied by gas-phase sorption of molecules with different acid-base characteristics. The data obtained can be used to analyze the sorption properties of nanoferrimagnetics with respect to biological compounds in aqueous solutions.