bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Crumb Rubber Modifier Dissolution on Storage Stability of Crumb Rubber–Modified Asphalt
Authors: Ghavibazoo Amir , Abdelrahman Magdy , Ragab Mohyeldin
Published: November 2013

Crumb rubber–modified asphalt (CRMA) extensively suffers from high-temperature storage instability. Because of the higher density of the crumb rubber modifier (CRM) particles, they settle down to the bottom of storage tanks and cause variation between physical properties of the top and bottom samples. The storage stability of the CRMA changes under different interaction parameters and consequently different mechanisms of interaction. In this research the mechanism of separation under different levels of CRM dissolution was investigated by using Stokes’ law. The extent and mechanism of CRM dissolution in asphalt was controlled through regulating interaction temperature and inter action mixing speed. A standard storage stability test was conducted on CRMA samples to measure the corresponding storage stability index. Viscosity of the liquid phase of CRMA was measured at the same temperature as that of the storage stability test (163°C), with the use of a rotational viscometer, to study the effect of viscosity development of the liquid phase on the storage stability of CRMA. Composition analysis was conducted by using thermogravimetric analysis to investigate the effect of changes in CRM composition on the storage stability of CRMA. Results reveal that, in addition to the CRM particle size reduction resulting from CRM dissolution, the viscosity development of the liquid phase affects the storage stability of CRMA with the interaction temperature of 190°C. But increasing the interaction temperature to 220°C changes the mechanism of dissolution and the nature of the residual CRM particles and consequently leads to a different mechanism of separation.
Queer Sensations
Authors: Keegan Cael
Published: November 2013

This essay analyzes the cinematic genre convention of the “sensation scene” as a vehicle for the representation of queer crises in American juvenility during the postwar era. Through popular cinema, post-WWII America organized and communicated concerns about the production of “fit” masculine and heterosexual juveniles who would be capable of carrying out the postwar expansion of American democratic and capitalist ideologies. The sensation scene was deployed by popular films to mark queer and racialized masculinities in an aesthetic system that mirrored institutional efforts to prevent “unfit” juveniles from accessing the benefits of full social and political participation. Today, the genre device continues to structure popular film representations of and common thinking about the relative value of young, male American lives.
Mapping the (Adolescent) Male Body
Authors: Sinwell Sarag E. S.
Published: November 2013

Drawing on the work of Gayle Rubin, Jonathan Dollimore, and B. Ruby Rich, this paper will explore the ways in which Michael Cuesta’s L.I.E. (2000) and Gregg Araki’s Mysterious Skin (2004) portray adolescent male bodies and subjectivities within the context of the queer. Throughout these films, cinematic identification is primarily tied up with the stories of adolescent boys. However, the perverse acts in which they participate (both voluntarily and involuntarily), the inclusion of multiple points of view, and the focus on our own cultural constructions of childhood, adolescent and adult sexualities trace a network of nodes of identification. Thus, I argue that L.I.E. and Mysterious Skin queer identification by imagining a multiplicity, fluidity, and diversity of modes of identification that engage with both the normal and perverse natures of identity, sexuality, and subjectivity.
The Lost Thing
Authors: Tydecks Johanna
Published: November 2013

The transformation of a picture book into a film is a special case of film adaptation because this process involves inherently intermedial qualities. In media literacy terms, when viewers look at a picture book that has been made into a film, they familiarize themselves with the story's imagery and plot, which makes it easier for them to comprehend the techniques employed by the film to create meaning. The Oscar-winning short film The Lost Thing is exemplary of this, as it narrates the same story as the original picture book, dealing with social as well as existential issues. This comparative analysis focuses on the two di erent narrations of this story with regard to the literacy skills required to comprehend them.
Conceptions of Nation and Ethnicity in Swedish Children's Films
Authors: Åberg Anders Wilhelm
Published: November 2013

Swedish children's films frequently deal with issues of nation and ethnicity, specifically with “Swedishness”. This may be most obvious in films based on the works of Astrid Lindgren, which abound with nostalgic images of the national culture and landscape. However, films about contemporary Sweden, such as Kidz in da Hood (Förortsungar, 2006) address these issues too. Kidz in da Hood is about children in the ethnically diverse suburbs of Stockholm and it tells the story of a young fugitive, Amina, who is cared for by a young bohemian musician. It is, interestingly, a remake of one of the first Swedish children's films, Guttersnipes (Rännstensungar, 1944). In this article I argue that Kidz in da Hood is a contradictory piece, in the sense that it both celebrates and disavows “Swedishness”, as it substitutes the class conict of Guttersnipes for ethnic conflict.
A severe case of Hirayama disease successfully treated by anterior cervical fusion
Authors: Paredes Igor , Esteban Jesus , Ramos Ana , Gonzalez Pedro , Rivas Juan José
Published: November 2013

Hirayama disease, or juvenile amyotrophy of distal upper extremity, is a benign, self-limiting cervical myelopathy consisting of selective unilateral weakness of the hand and forearm. The weakness slowly progresses until spontaneous arrest occurs within 5 years of onset. The condition predominantly affects Asian males and is thought to be secondary to spinal cord compression during neck flexion, because of a forward displacement of the posterior dural sac.

The authors present what is to their knowledge the first reported case of a Caucasian male with a severe form of Hirayama disease, suffering from weakness of the leg as well as the forearm. An abnormal range of cervical flexion was observed at the C5–6 level. The patient was successfully treated by anterior cervical discectomy and fusion.
Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of a Comprehensive Schistosomiasis japonica Control Program in the Poyang Lake Region of China
Authors: Yu Qing , Zhao Geng-Ming , Hong Xian-Lin , Lutz Eric , Guo Jia-Gang
Published: November 2013

Schistosomiasis japonica remains a significant public-health problem in China. This study evaluated cost-effectiveness of a comprehensive schistosomiasis control program (2003–2006). The comprehensive control program was implemented in Zhangjia and Jianwu (cases); while standard interventions continued in Koutou and Xiajia (controls). Incurred costs were documented and the schistosomiasis comprehensive impact index (SCI) and cost-effectiveness ratio (Comprehensive Control Program Cost/SCI) were applied. In 2003, prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infection was 11.3% (Zhangjia), 6.7% (Jianwu), 6.5% (Koutou), and 8.0% (Xiajia). In 2006, the comprehensive control program in Zhangjia and Jianwu reduced infection to 1.6% and 0.6%, respectively; while Koutou and Xiajia had a schistosomiasis prevalence of 3.2% and 13.0%, respectively. The year-by-year SCIs in Zhangjia were 0.28, 105.25, and 47.58, with an overall increase in cost-effectiveness ratio of 374.9%–544.8%. The SCIs in Jianwu were 16.21, 52.95, and 149.58, with increase in cost-effectiveness of 226.7%–1,149.4%. Investment in Koutou and Xiajia remained static (US$10,000 unit cost). The comprehensive control program implemented in the two case villages reduced median prevalence of schistosomiasis 8.5-fold. Further, the cost effectiveness ratio demonstrated that the comprehensive control program was 170% (Zhangjia) and 922.7% (Jianwu) more cost-effective. This work clearly shows the improvements in both cost and disease prevention effectiveness that a comprehensive control program-approach has on schistosomiasis infection prevalence.
Crossing the Telemedicine Chasm: Have the U.S. Barriers to Widespread Adoption of Telemedicine Been Significantly Reduced?
Authors: LeRouge Cynthia , Garfield Monica
Published: November 2013

Barriers have challenged widespread telemedicine adoption by health care organizations for 40 years. These barriers have been technological, financial, and legal and have also involved business strategy and human resources. The article canvasses recent trends—events and activities in each of these areas as well as US health reform activities that might help to break down these barriers. The key to telemedicine success in the future is to view it as an integral part of health care services and not as a stand-alone project. Telemedicine must move from experimental and separate to integrated and equivalent to other health services within health care organizations. Furthermore, telemedicine serves as vital connective tissue for expanding health care organization networks.
The Future of Clinical Pharmacy: Developing a Holistic Model
Authors: Shane Patricia , Vogt Eleanor
Published: November 2013

This concept paper discusses the untapped promise of often overlooked humanistic skills to advance the practice of pharmacy. It highlights the seminal work that is, increasingly, integrated into medical and nursing education. The work of these educators and the growing empirical evidence that validates the importance of humanistic skills is raising questions for the future of pharmacy education and practice. To potentiate humanistic professional competencies, e.g., compassion, empathy, and emotional intelligence, how do we develop a more holistic model that integrates reflective and affective skills? There are many historical and current transitions in the profession and practice of pharmacy. If our education model is refocused with an emphasis on pharmacy’s therapeutic roots, the field has the opportunity to play a vital role in improving health outcomes and patient-centered care. Beyond the metrics of treatment effects, achieving greater patient-centeredness will require transformations that improve care processes and invest in patients’ experiences of the treatment and care they receive. Is layering on additional science sufficient to yield better health outcomes if we neglect the power of empathic interactions in the healing process?
New β-Cyclodextrin Entrapped in Polyethyleneimine Film-Modified Electrodes for Pharmaceutical Compounds Determination
Authors: Fritea Luminţa , Tertiş Mihaela , Cristea Cecilia , Săndulescu Robert
Published: November 2013

The electrochemical behavior of ascorbic acid and uric acid on glassy carbon bare electrodes and ones modified with β-cyclodextrin entrapped in polyethyleneimine film has been investigated using square wave voltammetry. The electrode modification was achieved in order to separate the voltammetric peaks of ascorbic acid and uric acid when present in the same solution. On the modified electrodes the potential of the oxidation peak of the ascorbic acid was shifted to more negative values by over 0.3 V, while in the case of uric acid, the negative potential shift was about 0.15 V compared to the bare glassy carbon electrode. When the two compounds were found together in the solution, on the bare electrode only a single broad signal was observed, while on the modified electrode the peak potentials of these two compounds were separated by 0.4 V. When the uric acid concentration remained constant, the peak intensity of the ascorbic acid is increased linearly with the concentration (r2 = 0.996) and when the ascorbic acid concentration remains constant, the peak intensity of the uric acid increased linearly with the concentration (r2 = 0.992). FTIR measurements supported the formation of inclusion complexes. In order to characterize the modification of the electrodes microscopic studies were performed. The modified electrodes were successfully employed for the determination of ascorbic acid in pharmaceutical formulations with a detection limit of 0.22 µM.
Simulation Analysis of China’s Energy and Industrial Structure Adjustment Potential to Achieve a Low-carbon Economy by 2020
Authors: Xiang Nan , Xu Feng , Sha Jinghua
Published: November 2013

To achieve a low-carbon economy, China has committed to reducing its carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per unit of gross domestic product (GDP) by 40%–45% by 2020 from 2005 levels and increasing the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to approximately 15%. It is necessary to investigate whether this plan is suitable and how this target may be reached. This paper verifies the feasibility of achieving the CO2 emission targets by energy and industrial structure adjustments, and proposes applicable measures for further sustainable development by 2020 through comprehensive simulation. The simulation model comprises three sub-models: an energy flow balance model, a CO2 emission model, and a socio-economic model. The model is constructed based on input-output table and three balances (material, value, and energy flow balance), and it is written in LINGO, a linear dynamic programming language. The simulation results suggest that China’s carbon intensity reduction promise can be realized and even surpassed to 50% and that economic development (annual 10% GDP growth rate) can be achieved if energy and industrial structure are adjusted properly by 2020. However, the total amount of CO2 emission will reach a relatively high level—13.68 billion tons—which calls for further sound approaches to realize a low carbon economy, such as energy utilization efficiency improvement, technology innovation, and non-fossil energy’s utilization.
Impact of pH on the Stability and the Cross-Reactivity of Ochratoxin A and Citrinin
Authors: Bazin Ingrid , Faucet-Marquis Virginie , Monje Marie-Carmen , El Khoury Micheline , Marty Jean-Louis , Pfohl-Leszkowicz Annie
Published: November 2013

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by several fungi contaminating crops. In several countries, the maximum permitted levels of mycotoxins are found in foodstuffs and feedstuffs. The common strategy of mycotoxin analysis involves extraction, clean-up and quantification by chromatography. In this paper, we analyzed the reasons of underestimation of ochratoxin A (OTA) content in wine, and overestimation of OTA in wheat, depending on the pH of the clean-up step and the simultaneous presence of citrinin (CIT). We demonstrated that the increase of pH by adding polyethylene glycol (PEG) to wine led to an underestimation of OTA by conversion of OTA into open ring ochratoxin A OP-OA. In comparing three methods of extraction and clean-up for the determination of OTA and CIT in wheat—(i) an inter-laboratory validated method for OTA in cereals using immunoaffinity column clean-up (IAC) and extraction by acetonitrile/water; (ii) a validated method using IAC and extraction with 1% bicarbonate Na; and (iii) an in-house validated method based on acid liquid/liquid extraction—we observed an overestimation of OTA after immunoaffinity clean-up when CIT is also present in the sample, whereas an underestimation was observed when OTA was alone. Under neutral and alkaline conditions, CIT was partially recognized by OTA antibodies.
Pinaceae‐like reproductive morphology inSchizolepidopsis canicularissp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian‐Albian) of Mongolia
Authors: Leslie Andrew B. , Glasspool Ian , Herendeen Patrick S. , Ichinnorov Niiden , Knopf Patrick , Takahashi Masamichi , Crane Peter R.
Published: November 2013

•Premise of the study:Seed cone scales assigned to the genusSchizolepidopsisare widespread in Late Triassic to Cretaceous Eurasian deposits. They have been linked to the conifer family Pinaceae based on associated vegetative remains, but their exact affinities are uncertain. Recently discovered material from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia reveals important new information concerningSchizolepidopsiscone scales and seeds, and provides support for a relationship between the genus and extant Pinaceae.

•Methods:Specimens were collected from Early Cretaceous (probable Aptian‐Albian) lignite deposits in central Mongolia. Lignite samples were disaggregated, cleaned in hydrofluoric acid, and washed in water. Specimens were selected for further study using light and electron microscopy.

•Key results: Schizolepidopsis canicularisseed cones consist of loosely arranged, bilobed ovulate scales subtended by a small bract. A single inverted seed with an elongate micropyle is borne on each lobe of the ovulate scale. Each seed has a wing formed by the separation of the adaxial surface of the ovulate scale.

•Conclusions: Schizolepidopsis canicularisproduced winged seeds that formed in a manner that is unique to Pinaceae among extant conifers. We do not definitively place this species in Pinaceae pending more complete information concerning its pollen cones and vegetative remains. Nevertheless, this material suggests thatSchizolepidopsismay be important for understanding the early evolution of Pinaceae, and may potentially help reconcile the appearance of the family in the fossil record with results based on phylogenetic analyses of molecular data.
Development and characterization of microsatellite markers from the transcriptome of Firmiana danxiaensis (Malvaceae s.l.)
Authors: Fan Qiang , Chen Sufang , Li Mingwan , He Shiyang , Zhou Renchao , Liao Wenbo
Published: November 2013

• Premise of the study: Firmiana consists of 12–16 species, many of which are narrow endemics. Expressed sequence tag (EST)–simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed and characterized for size polymorphism in four Firmiana species.

• Methods and Results: A total of 102 EST‐SSR primer pairs were designed based on the transcriptome sequences of F. danxiaensis; these were then characterized in four Firmiana species—F. danxiaensis, F. kwangsiensis, F. hainanensis, and F. simplex. In these four species, 17 primer pairs were successfully amplified, and 14 were polymorphic in at least one species. The number of alleles ranged from one to 13, and the observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0 to 1 and 0 to 0.925, respectively. The lowest level of polymorphism was observed in F. danxiaensis.

• Conclusions: These polymorphic EST‐SSR markers are valuable for conservation genetics studies in the endangered Firmiana species.
Quan la justícia és venjança, contra un jueu
Authors: Garcia-Oliver Ferran
Published: November 2013

[ca] La mort d’un nen de sis anys, a la València de 1380, desferma odis i temors. Un jueu és acusat d’haver-li llançat una pedrada des de la finestra de casa seua. D’immediat, el justícia criminal obre el procés i amb una rapidesa sorprenent, en menys de tres mesos, pronuncia la sentencia. L’acusació, la defensa i els testimonis proporcionen un breu però formidable fresc de la vida dels sectors subalterns, en torn dels valors, la sociabilitat i les solidaritats, les arrels inestables i les sempre difícils relacions entre jueus i cristians.
Las relaciones entre hermanos en la legislación de alcance territorial de la Castilla bajomedieval: de la protección al conflicto
Authors: González Zalacain Roberto J.
Published: November 2013

Los estudios sobre la familia medieval en Castilla no han prestado especial atención a las relaciones intrafamiliares. Y cuando lo han hecho ha sido para analizarlas desde una perspectiva vertical, sin detenerse demasiado en comprender las que unieron a los hermanos y hermanas del medievo castellano. En este trabajo se propone una primera aproximación al tema analizando la legislación real castellana, tratando de delimitar el contenido social otorgado a la hermandad, así como las situaciones de protección o conflicto entre hermanos que se recogen en los textos normativos.
Discordia fratrum y el influjo historiográfico sobre la Historia mal llamada Silense
Authors: Isla Frez Amancio
Published: November 2013

La erróneamente llamada Historia Silense recibió los influjos de algunas obras históricas del pasado. Su deuda con Salustio y los biógrafos de Carlomagno no es sólo formal. El anónimo autor leonés del siglo XII construyó su explicación histórica y legitimó sus propuestas merced a la experiencia proporcionada por Salustio, Eginardo y otros. Entre sus sugerencias destacamos la inevitabilidad de la discordia fratrum.
Arte y tecnología textil: el emblema de Santiago el Menor (siglos XI-XVI)
Authors: Uscatescu Alexandra
Published: November 2013

La imagen del apóstol Santiago el Menor constituye un buen ejemplo que permite analizar los distintos avatares que provocaron cambios iconográficos en el emblema del martirio del apóstol, desde el siglo XI y hasta el XVI en Europa occidental, relacionados a su vez con ciertas innovaciones técnicas de los instrumentos de trabajo del oficio textil, así como con factores de carácter léxico, social y psicológico.
Study of Wave Added Resistance on Wigley Ship
Authors: Sun Tao , Yuan Ming Hui , Wang Wei , Ye Nan
Published: November 2013

Global warming is becoming a serious problem nowadays. The emissions of greenhouse gas from vessels draw great attentions. As a significant research part of vessel seakeeping performance, resistance capability exert pretty effect on energy consuming. A Wigley ship model is set as the object to compute constraint and free model in calm water and head waves on resistance and hydrodynamic potential coefficients by STAR-CCM. Differences are discussed between both models. Effects on calculation of hydrostatic resistance ignoring trim and heave are revealed .Wave added resistance of free model is computed and compared at different amplitudes and wavelengths. How trim and heave matter the computed results are discussed. So does how wavelength and amplitudes influence total resistance is considered.
Excavation Mechanics Analyses for Shield Tunnels Considering Consolidation Material Property Impacts
Authors: Zhang Zhi Guo , Pan Peng , Xi Xiao Guang
Published: November 2013

Current researches of material engineering give little investigations on the construction impacts of soil consolidation material property. Based on the Shanghai tunneling case, the excavation mechanics analyses for shield tunnels are conducted considering soil consolidation material property using 3D (three-dimensional) finite element numerical simulation method. The longitudinal deformation behaviors for existing tunnel after the completion of shield tunnel excavation are obtained under several typical cases of soil consolidation, including one month later, one year later, and ten years later. It is shown that the consolidation material property has a significant post-construction time effects on the vertical displacements of existing tunnels. The stringent stipulations on controlling the deformation for buried structures and strengthened monitoring measures are necessary and substantial for reducing potential service risks according to the post-construction state.
Home Networking Technology Applied in Smart Home System
Authors: Chen Su Hua , Liu Yong Guang , Fang Xu
Published: November 2013

Smart home system mainly consists of home networking, wireless local area network and external network, and with the advantages of low cost and high reliability, Zigbee wireless technology is the right choice for smart home system and the main part of home networking. The design of smart home system based on Zigbee is proposed, the Zigbeethe design process of the systemintelligent socket and data communication rule are elaborated. The system has been applied in smart community of Shaoxing Electric Power Bureau, which has good performances, high availability and reliability, better market prospects.
AUV Buoyancy Regulating Device Design and Simulation Analysis
Authors: Zheng Rong , Wang Yu , Wu Jian Guo
Published: November 2013

Under the influenced of the seawater temperature, salinity and depth, AUVs buoyancy would change when it works in deep ocean, causing energy consumption and operating performance declining. To deal with this problem, buoyancy regulating device is developed, which is of important significance for the development of large voyage and high submergence depth AUV. An oil capsule buoyancy regulating device is designed in this paper, which utilizes the flexibility of oil capsule. The oil capsule volume changes when absorbing or expulsing oil. The gas volume variation in pressure tank is measured in order to calculate the amount of the buoyancy regulation indirectly. The accuracy and sensitivity for measuring the gas volume variation is analysed. To verify the feasibility of the designed oil capsule buoyancy regulating device, a simulation experiment of this hydraulic system is performed within AMESim.
The Influence of Corrosion Inhibitor BTA on Zinc Flux
Authors: Xu Yuan Yuan , Yan Yan Fu , Sheng Yang Yang , Wang Hong Na
Published: November 2013

Zinc base solder wettability was poor, the appropriate flux could significantly improve its wettability. To join different content of the active material in the flux could also improve its corrosion resistance of substrate and wetting effects. This paper studies the effects of BTA corrosion inhibitor on Zn20Sn solder flux physical properties and the spreading performance, the results show that :when the inhibitor BTA content is less than 0.3%, the flux is not sticky.corrosive, no volatile matter content, stability all meet the national standard and spreading performance is good.
The Coupling Thermal and Mechanical Analysis of Machining Aluminum Alloy Work-Piece Based on FEM
Authors: Wang Mu Lan , Hou Jun Ming , Wang Bao Sheng
Published: November 2013

The Cutting force and cutting temperature are the important factors which can affect the quality and accuracy of the aluminum alloy work-pieces. Based on the theoretical analysis of the cutting force and cutting temperature, the three-dimensional Finite Element Model (FEM) with the overall tool is established. The corresponding results of the digital simulation were researched, and the cutting force and cutting temperature were analyzed. The cutting temperature and cutting force changes were compared by altering the axial depth of cut and the feed rate.
Keywords: Oblique cutting model, Finite Element Method (FEM), Cutting temperature, Cutting force, Aluminum alloy work-piece
Activator on Properties of Red Mud Lightweight Baking-Free Brick
Authors: Ma Long , Li Guo Zhong
Published: November 2013

Red mud lightweight baking-free brick was prepared by red mud, fly ash and cement. The influence of activator on properties of red mud lightweight baking-free brick was studied. The micro-structure of red mud lightweight baking-free brick was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that when the activator content is 1%, the sample with better performance obtained and the flexural strength increased by 64.4%, the compressive strength increased by 44.1% compared with the blank style.
Modification of Colloidal Silica with Sodium Aluminate
Authors: Gu Shuang Na , Shi Ying , Wang Liang Yong , Liu Wei Li , Song Zhi Tang
Published: November 2013

Colloidal silica modified by sodium aluminate was examined. The particle size of Al-modified colloidal silica was slightly increased with increase of the sodium aluminate concentration, but colloidal silica may aggregate or gel under high concentration. Zeta potential was more negative and thermal stability was significantly improved through modification. The Al-modified colloidal silica was highly stable at pH 3-6.
Grashof Number Effects on Nanofluids in Natural Convection Heat Transfer
Authors: Li Xin Fang , Wang Xian Ju , Li Zhen Zhang
Published: November 2013

The natural convection of nanofluids in a two-dimensional enclosure is numerically simulated. The effects of nanoparticle concentration and Grashof number (Gr) on heat transfer properties are investigated. The results indicate that for a given initial Gr value, the heat transfer rate of the nanofluid increases remarkably with the increase of nanoparticles mass fraction, and that for low Gr value the heat transfer process is dominant with the heat exchange, while for high Gr value it is dominant with the natural convection. In addition, the intensity of the streamline is increased with the increases of the Gr values.
Effect of Process Factors on TiO2 Loading Rate of Wooden Activated Carbon Fibers Loaded TiO2 as Packaging Sterilization Material
Authors: Li Dong Na , Ma Xiao Jun
Published: November 2013

In order to achieve food packaging sterilization rapidly and improve packaging sterilization property, the nanoTiO2 photocatalyst loaded on wooden activated carbon fibers (WACFs) is prepared by sol-gel method. The effects of loading processes on loading rate of nanoTiO2 are studied. It is shown that the loading rate of nanoTiO2 increases with decreased deionized water and increased nanoTiO2 impregnation solution concentration; the loading rate of nanoTiO2 initially increases and then decreases with increased alcohol content and dip-coating time, but the dip-coating time only has weak influence on the loading rate of nanoTiO2. When the ratio of butyl titanate to alcohol is 1:9, the ratio of butyl titanate to water is 3:1, the dip-coating time is 20 min and the nanoTiO2 impregnation solution concentration is 2 mg/ml, the loading rate of nanoTiO2 reaches maximum, which is 33.64%.
Effect of Silica on the Properties of Bagasse Pith Cushioning Packaging Materials (BPCPMs)
Authors: Lv Yan Na , He Bei Hai , Ou Jian Zhi , Wu Ya Li
Published: November 2013

New degradable cushioning packaging materials based on bagasse pith, magnesium bisulfite spent liquor and reinforcing silica were prepared by press-molding process. The effects of precipitated silica loading and the specific surface area (SBET) on the apparent density and the static compressive strength of cushioning packaging materials were investigated. Meanwhile, the microstructure and morphology of different types of silica fillers were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Static compressive strength of BPCPMs was improved significantly with the addition of 0.5%(w/w) silica. However, the compressive stress of BPCPMs increased at first and then decreased with increasing loading of silica. Increasing silica dosage increased cushion efficiency of BPCPMs at higher stress levels. The compressive stress increased with increasing SBET value, and under high strain conditions, the increase scale in compressive stress also improved.
Effect of Preparation Conditions on Property of LDPE Modified Atmosphere Packaging Film of Fruit and Vegetable
Authors: Li Yang , Li Guang Sheng , Liu Guang Fa , Kan Yi Mei , Wang Jian Qing
Published: November 2013

In this paper, modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) film of fruit and vegetable was prepared through extrusion blow molding process.The LDPE was used as matrix resin and medical stone powder as the main filler. Stearic acid was added into film as a kind of surfactant. Effect of particle size, stearic acid proportion,filler amount and stretch pocessing on properties of MAP film was studied through measuring its oxygen and water vapor permeability,tensile strength as well as elongation ratio.Experimental investigation indicated that for preparing MAP film with high permeability, the controlled conditions such as 325 mesh medical stone powder, additive amount of 20 phr with stretch processing, stearic acid proportion of 2/10 were required.
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Chitosan-PE Bi-Layer Films by Incorporating Oregano Essential Oil
Authors: Bao Hui Juan , Jiang Yan , Liu Jia Qi , Zhang Hai Yue
Published: November 2013

Chitosan-PE bi-layer films exhibit antimicrobial activity but poor antioxidant activity. Oregano essential oil (100μL/100mL) was incorporated into chitosan solution to improve films antioxidant and antimicrobial behaviors. The present work investigated the scavenging of O2·, ·OH, DPPH radical and reducing power of film, antimicrobial activity was also evaluated. The results showed that the scavenging effect of film solution on O2·, ·OH, and DPPH was 80.87%, 85.56%, and 87.24%, respectively. Reducing power of film increased with the improvement of oregano essential oil. The antibacterial activity againstE. ColiandB. Subtilisincreased from 80.77% to 96.15% and from 93.02% to 98.10%, respectively. The preservation experiments showed that chitosan-PE film incorporated with oregano essential oil could extend the shelf life of pork to 810 days at 4°C.
Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorine-Modified Acrylate Resin Used in Water-Based Ink
Authors: Yuan Gang , Jiao Li Yong , Wu Zheng Jie , Wang Wen Sheng
Published: November 2013

A series of fluorine-modified acrylate resins used in water-based ink were synthesized by emulsifier-free semicontinuous seed emulsion polymerization with Hexafluorobutyl acrylate (G01) as a functional monomer and 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) as a reactive emulsifier. The resins were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, particle size and distribution (PSD) analysis, contact angle (CA), mechanical stability, freeze-thaw stability and electrolyte stability, respectively. The fluorine-modified acrylate resin with 15% G01 and 3% AMPS had excellent water resistance, stabilities and narrow particle size distribution that it could be applied to the field of water-based ink.
Research of Hot Stamping Image Recognition Algorithm Based on Projection Feature
Authors: Zhang Dong Juan , Tang Wan You
Published: November 2013

To meet the requirements of real-time on-line detection, an algorithm for hot stamping image recognition was proposed based on projection with adaptive threshold. Firstly CCD collects digital image, then convert RGB images into HSV space, and extract V channel. The initial threshold was set according to the error on the first location of matching region. In the subsequent template matching process, the threshold would be update; the smallest D-value point is the best match. The experiment results show that the improved algorithms can identify hot stamping area and greatly increase the matching velocity, having certain guiding significance to hot stamping quality detection based on machine vision.
Analysis of Multilevel Screened Image Based on Informatics
Authors: Ouyang Yu Jie , Jin Yang , Pang Shi Long , Zhang Ru Yue
Published: November 2013

With the technical progress in the fields of imaging and printing device, multilevel imaging and screening technologies are applied increasingly. The application of these technologies in printing field, which is as an information channel, can expand capability of information transfer. In order to obtain the characteristics of information transfer in image reproduction, in which multilevel screening technology is applied, the relationship among optical density, dot area and dot density is constructed. According to the basic definitions of information content and of information entropy, the relationship between information content/entropy and gray levels of screening dot is analyzed. Furthermore, multilevel FM screening images, which are with 4 levels, 8 levels and 16 levels and generated by a program, are analyzed and compared with bi-level screened images. The results show, that under lower imaging resolution, multilevel screening can achieve higher count of tone levels and information entropy. It is significant for the improvement of the capability of information transfer and reproduction quality of image.
Establishment and Evaluation of Color Appearance Datasets about Packaging and Printing Atlas of High Gloss
Authors: Liang Jing , Piao Yu Tong , Liao Ning Fang
Published: November 2013

The prediction of color appearance is the basic theory and technology in modern color science field. The aim of this study is to evaluate the color appearance of packaging and printing atlas. This paper took high gloss double-sided coated paper color printing atlas as the experimental samples. The color samples are measured using ACS color-matching instrument under different light sources (D65, A and TL84), then based on color science and visual psychophysics methods, establishing the datasets of the samples’ color appearance. We use mathematical statistics methods, correlation coefficient R2 and coefficient of variation CV, to evaluate the visual prediction results in the color atlas, under three different light sources.
Preparation and Property Study of Core-Shell Ambient-Temperature Crosslinkable Polyacrylate Binder
Authors: Li Mu , Lin Xiao Song , Li Xiao Yu , Wang Hai Qiao
Published: November 2013

As the binder of waterborne inks, the capability of acrylic polymer has great influences on the quality of inks. In this contribution, structured latex particles with a poly (stryrene-butyl acrylate-methacrylate) core and a poly (butyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid-diacetone acrylamide (DAAM)) shell, which can be used as binders of water-based ink, were prepared by emulsion polymerization. The emulsion can cure in the course of film forming at ambient temperature through the reaction between DAAM and the adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the structures and study the properties of the latices. The drying time of the crosslinking latices was investigated. In addition, influences of DAAM monomer dosage and the mole ratio of DAAM to ADH on the mechanical properties of self-crosslinkable core-shell latices were also discussed. It was found that the core-shell crosslinkable particles with a low glass transition temperature (Tg) core and a high Tg shell have better film properties and would be more applicable to binders of water-based ink for plastic film, in comparison with those particles with a high Tg core and a low Tg shell.
Nanosilver Conductive Ink Inkjet Printing RFID Tag Antenna
Authors: Gao Zhi Qiang , Zhao Xiu Ping
Published: November 2013

The Internet of Things technology used in agricultural products, such as food safety traceability management is taking the technological advantages of the Internet of Things RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) is non-contact automatic fast read and write data encryption, in order to achieve a unified management and efficient flow of work in coordination.This thesis reports a production method of conductive nanosilver jet ink. The ink can be used to directly print RFID antenna coil. In the method using silver nitrate as silver source, hydrazine hydrate as a reducing agent, polyvinyl pyrrolidone as a protective agent. Obtain the dispersion of silver nanoparticles through chemical reduction reaction. The dispersion was purified and used inkjet printer into a graphic on glossy photo paper, after 180 °C sintered for 15 minutes with good conductivity, RFID antennas to meet requirements.
Exploring of Light Fastness of Inkjet Prints under High Intensity Level of Illumination
Authors: Zhou Wen Hua , He Bei Hai , Li Dong Xing
Published: November 2013

Nowadays, inkjet prints have been universally used in packaging, posters and window show promotional items. The quality of the inkjet prints attracts more attentions, especially for posters and window promotional item generally require bright colors, saturation, and a long print life. Generally, the color of inkjet prints fade gradually when being placed outside and radiated directly by sunlight or under lamp, meanwhile, the density decreases and color difference increases. All these phenomena happened make inkjet print cannot meet the requirements of customers to color within the time of use. Light fastness of inkjet prints under high intensity level of illumination is studied in this research. Ten different brands of papers were exploited to print a special design test target by EPSON inkjet printer and the printing test samples were irradiated under high level of illumination so that the aging process can be accelerated. After being irradiated for different time intervals, then color differences were measured by using spectrophotometer. The results show: the color differences of prints printed by using the brands Kodak and Xiongguan papers changed greatly after prolonged exposure to light. These conclusions are very useful for the correct choosing of inkjet materials under suitable inkjet printing condition.
Research on Applying Fuzzy Theory into Printer Quality Evaluation
Authors: Deng Pu Jun , Lu Jian Dong , Fang Wei
Published: November 2013

From printing technology’s perspective, printing quality is determined by the comprehensive effects of all the printing product appearance features. The factors which dominate to comprehensive effects of all the printing product appearance features include definition of image, tone rendering, color rendering, uneven, and gloss, etc. In the print quality evaluation, this factor is affected by many other factors. Therefore, printing quality evaluations are indeterminate. Most of printing quality evaluations belongs to fuzzy theory, which brings a lot of troubles to the printing quality evaluation. The paper mainly research that the synthesis decision-making method in fuzzy mathematics theory is used to tone reproduction of printing quality, and analyze the feasibility of applying Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation Model in printing quality evaluation. The synthesis decision-making method is used to determine the tone indicator system of printing, establish Fuzzy Evaluation Mode, and analyze the influencing factors. Through the evaluation of numerous experts, the weight will be offered for the specified factors. On the basis of weights, printing quality can be evaluated by determining the membership function of all the factors and calculating the score through fuzzy algorithm. The paper studies have shown that the synthesis decision-making method in fuzzy mathematics theory can be used to solve the printer quality evaluation problem and is valid for evaluating the results in actual application.
Application on Packaging Anti-Counterfeiting Technology of Cosmetics
Authors: Liu Min , Xu Lan Ping
Published: November 2013

Certain premium brand cosmetics with single anti-counterfeiting technology have been assailed by fake products day by bay, which seriously damage enterprises and consumers. By analyzing the current trend of cosmetic packaging anti-counterfeiting technology in this study, comprehensive anti-counterfeiting technology, which is combined “first-line” with “second-line” anti-counterfeiting technology, is applied in the packaging of a certain brand cream that suffers huge amount of counterfeits. Compared to the single technology, the comprehensive one overcomes limitations of the pure anti-counterfeiting technology, organically using a variety of anti-counterfeiting technologies and management technologies. In the new design, the comprehensive anti-counterfeiting technology includes laser hologram technology, tamper-evident tear design, tamper adhesive technology, etc. In conclusion, the new design of comprehensive anti-counterfeiting technology on the cream is proved to be economically and aesthetically feasible. This application has so highly productive value that can be recommended to the cosmetics enterprises someday.
Wrapping System Design Based on Mitsubishi QPLC
Authors: Zhou Wei Qin
Published: November 2013

The wrapping system was divided into several functional modules based on modularization design method. Each module could works independently by using QPLC and QD75 as control center . Touch - screen was used as real - time monitoring tool to monitor reach module. The practice proves that the technologic requirements are fully met by the system ,the system is safe and reliable. The intensity of labor is reduced and the productive efficiency is increased.
Design of New Flexible Spiral Conveying Mechanism and Experimental Device
Authors: Tian Ye , Wang Dong Wen , Zhang Li , Ding Liang , Yang Fei , Deng Zong Quan
Published: November 2013

Screw conveyor is widely used in food packaging field. This paper puts forward a new kind of flexible blades of screw conveyor, to replace the traditional rigid helical blade. Based on the theory of compliant mechanism, the motion are analyzed when the flexible screw blade works. Based on the medium mechanics theory related, The interaction between flexible screw and material relations are analyzed, and the mathematical model of power consumption and transmission capacity are established. The work process of flexible screw working process is simulated with discrete element software EDEM. The result verified the theory is correct.
Dynamics Research of Time-Temperature Indicating System Based on Alkaline Lipase
Authors: Wu Dan , Pan Ju Zhong , Chen Jian Chu , Ye Xing Qian , Liu Dong Hong
Published: November 2013

Time-Temperature Indicator (TTI) is an intelligent or smart package. It is a simple device that can be attached to food packaging to indirectly reflect the full or partial temperature history and quality status of the food product. TTI is utilized widely throughout food processing and distribution of cold chain. An alkaline lipase TTI has been developed, which based on the reaction between alkaline lipase and glycerol tributyrate. Experiments under several isothermal conditions (1.3°C，6.1°C，10.9°C，15.5°C，20.6°C，25.4°C) were conducted and the Arrhenius parameters of the TTI were derived. The developed TTI chemical reaction system showed an Arrhenius behavior, the activation energy was 45.07±2.25 kJ/mol.
Researching the Influence of Repeated Using to the Migration of Residue Bisphenol a from Polycarbonate with GC-MS Technology
Authors: Dong Wen Li , Sun Zhi Hui , Xiao Wei , Jin Ling
Published: November 2013

Content of residue bisphenol A from polycarbonate (PC) was measured used the technology of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Dichloromethane was used as solvent and methanol was used as precipitating agent. The solution was rotary evaporation after the polymer was filtered. The simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate method of external standard which linear range is 0.05-200.0mg/L, standard addition recoveries is 90.8% ~94.2% and RSD is 3.2% -4.5% was used to quantitative analysis. The influence of repeated using to the migration of bisphenol A was also studied in this experiment. The results show that with the reusing times increased, the migration content of bisphenol A was gradually reduced which reduced to 0.75mg/L at the sixth time from 2.4mg/L at the first time.
Study on Temperature Control Microcapsule Drying Agent Applies to Water-Based Gravure Ink
Authors: Xu Ying Jie , Wei Xian Fu , Huang Bei Qing
Published: November 2013

The water-based gravure ink does not contain volatile organic solvent, which is an environmentally friendly ink. But slow drying is a bottleneck of water-based gravure ink in use. Proposed the water in Water-based gravure ink reacts with temperature control microcapsule drying agent when heated in drying box of gravure printing machine to increase the ink drying speed. Designed preparation purification and drying methodthe of calcium oxide microcapsules, which surface is coated with hydrophobic compound and surfactant. The coating layer of Water-based gravure ink drying agent has good water resistance below 60°C, which will drop from the surface of the calcium oxide in the process of temperature continues to rise. Use the rheometer to test the rheology of water-based gravure ink contain microcapsule drying agent, characterization of the drying effect of the microcapsule drying agent based on the change in viscosity of the ink. Experimental results show that, the excitation temperature of the drying agent is 40°C. The Prepared temperature control microcapsule drying agent can effectively improve the drying speed of the water-based gravure printing ink.