bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
S-doped C3N5 derived from thiadiazole for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Guan Xinwei , Fawaz Mohammed , Sarkar Ranjini , Lin Chun-Ho , Li Zhixuan , Lei Zhihao , Nithinraj Panangattu Dharmarajan , Kumar Prashant , Zhang Xiangwei , Yang Jae-Hun , Hu Long , Wu Tom , Chakraborty Sudip , Yi Jiabao , Vinu Ajayan
Published: February 2023

Novel structured thiadiazole-attached carbon nitrides are first synthesized via sintering 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol, demonstrating excellent performances towards photocatalytic H2 evolution under visible light irradiation.
Down-regulation of ALDOB during metabolic reprogramming mediates malignant behavior in hepatocellular carcinoma and insensitivity to postoperative adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization
Authors: Xu Jing-Xuan , Qin Shui-Lin , Wei Hao-Wen , Chen Yuan-Yuan , Peng Yu-Chong , Qi Lu-Nan
Published: February 2023

Background: Postoperative transarterial chemoembolization (PA-TACE) is an effective adjuvant therapy for preventing early postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, many patients are insensitive to it. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the in-depth reasons for PA-TACE resistance and provide a reliable basis for selecting patients who will benefit the most from PA-TACE.

Methods: The unique gene expression profiles of primary tumors from PA-TACE-sensitive or -insensitive patients were analyzed using microarray data. Combined differential expression analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) were used to screen for potential drivers of PA-TACE insensitivity. The expression of ALDOB was silenced or overexpressed in hepatoma cell lines, and changes in glycolytic activity, cycle, apoptosis, and malignant biological phenotypes were observed under normoxia and hypoxia. Finally, an animal model was constructed to verify the effects of ALDOB dysregulation on the tumorigenic ability of HCC cells in vivo.

Results: The inhibition of ALDOB promoted the up-regulation of Ki67 expression, and glycolytic activity was significantly enhanced. Moreover, the proliferation, invasion, and migration capabilities were increased in HCC cells and even worse in hypoxia. This advantage of malignant behavior was also validated using in vivo models.

Conclusion: Down-regulation of ALDOB may underlie the metabolic reprogramming observed in HCC by promoting the malignant behavior of HCC cells. Hypoxia and ALDOB down-regulation acted additively, which was closely related to PA-TACE insensitivity. The use of ALDOB and Ki67 as a combined marker has the potential to identify the ‘PA-TACE beneficiary population’.
A Longitudinal Investigation of Code-Related Emergent Literacy Skills in Children Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing Across the Preschool Years
Authors: Werfel Krystal L. , Reynolds Gabriella , Fitton Lisa
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this longitudinal investigation was to compare the developmental trajectories of code-related emergent literacy skills of children who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) who use amplification and spoken language across the preschool years.

Method:

Thirty children who are DHH and 31 children with typical hearing completed a language and emergent literacy assessment at 6-month intervals from age 4 through 6 years. Growth curve analysis was used to compare developmental trajectories between groups of the code-related skills of phonological awareness, phonological memory, phonological recoding, alphabet knowledge, and conceptual print knowledge.

Results:

Growth across the preschool years was observed on all code-related emergent literacy skills across groups. Children who are DHH scored consistently lower than children with typical hearing on phonological awareness, phonological memory, and conceptual print knowledge; no group differences were observed for phonological recoding or alphabet knowledge. No interactions of time and group were significant.

Conclusions:

Children who are DHH exhibit consistent deficits in phonological awareness, phonological memory, and conceptual print knowledge across the preschool years and begin formal literacy instruction with a weaker foundation in emergent literacy skills. Future work should focus on optimizing emergent literacy interventions for children who are DHH during the preschool years.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21998153
A Clinician's Guide to Critically Appraising Randomized Controlled Trials in the Field of Speech-Language Pathology
Authors: Donohue Cara , Carnaby Giselle , (Focht) Garand Kendrea L.
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

When considering original research articles, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) provide the highest level of research evidence. Given this, RCTS are often used by clinicians performing evidence-based practice to determine the most effective intervention for a specific patient or patient population. Although RCTs represent a high level of research evidence, it is important for clinicians to critically appraise RCTs to determine the validity of the study methods deployed, the statistical and clinical significance of treatment effects, and whether or not the results generalize to a particular patient, patient population, and/or clinical setting. Therefore, this tutorial will provide clinicians with an overview of what an RCT is, the various types of RCTs, when RCTs are appropriate to conduct and/or use to inform clinical practice, and the advantages and limitations of RCTs. Additionally, this tutorial will provide clinicians with practical tools to employ when reading an RCT, including checklists with questions, definitions of important terminology frequently used in RCTs, and demonstrations of how to critically appraise RCTs using literature examples from the speech-language pathology literature.

Conclusions:

Learning how to interpret and apply the results from RCTs to inform clinical practice for purposes of improving patient care is a critical evidence-based practice skill for clinicians to develop. This tutorial will assist clinicians in the field of speech-language pathology by furthering their fundamental knowledge of RCTs and by providing them with pragmatic tools to critically appraise RCTs to inform their clinical practice.
What Predicts Individual Response to Language Treatment in Bilingual Children With Developmental Language Disorder?
Authors: Ebert Kerry Danahy , Pham Giang T.
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

For bilingual children with developmental language disorder (DLD), language treatment response is the degree to which an individual child progresses in both of their languages. Understanding what predicts language treatment response for an individual child can help clinicians plan treatment more effectively.

Method:

This study is a retrospective analysis of data from the study of Ebert et al. (2014). Participants included 32 school-age Spanish–English bilingual children with DLD who completed an intensive language treatment program. Gains in Spanish and English were measured using raw test scores in each language. Predictors of language gains include language, cognitive, and demographic variables. To examine which predictors were significant, we calculated partial correlations between the potential predictors and the posttreatment language test scores, controlling for the effects of pretreatment test scores.

Results:

In Spanish, several predictors correlated with the outcome measures. After controlling for pretreatment scores, English grammaticality, female sex, processing speed, age, and fluid reasoning were related to Spanish posttreatment scores. In English, correlations with individual predictors were minimal. After controlling for pretreatment scores, only one variable was associated with one English posttreatment score: English grammaticality.

Conclusions:

The original study reported limited gains in Spanish compared to robust gains in English. Treatment response in Spanish is more variable given the lack of environmental support for Spanish in the United States. As a result, individual factors (including nonverbal cognition, pretreatment language levels, and demographic variables) influence treatment gains in Spanish. In contrast, strong environmental support for English supports a more consistent treatment response, with a smaller role for individual factors.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21991931
Various Control Strategies Performance Assessment of the DFIG wind turbine connected to a DC grid
Authors: Akhbari Allahyar , Rahimi Mohsen , Khooban Mohammad Hassan
Published: February 2023

This paper deals with the integration and control of the doubly fed induction generator‐based wind turbine (DFIG‐WT) in a DC grid. In this way, the stator of the DFIG‐WT is integrated with the DC grid via an uncontrolled diode‐bridge rectifier as well as a buck converter to provide a flexible connection path. In addition, the rotor of the DFIG‐WT exchanges power with the DC grid through a rotor‐side converter (RSC). By considering the DFIG‐WT system topology, three control strategies based on the stator flux‐oriented vector control are developed for the RSC and buck converter. The control schemes consist of the outer and the inner control loops with the proportional–integral (PI) controllers. Additionally, the stability of control strategies and their dependence on the generator parameters are evaluated and compared using modal analysis and numerical simulations in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. Finally, a real‐time hardware‐in‐the‐loop emulation‐based OPAL‐RT 5600 is accomplished to assess the performance of the superior control method from a practical perspective.
Delamination failure analysis of G10 insulator in electromagnetic rail launcher
Authors: Hu Xinkai , Lu Junyong , Tan Sai , Li Bai , Zhang Jiawei
Published: February 2023

The electromagnetic (EM) rail launcher G10 insulator is prone to delamination damage during launch, which affects the service life of the insulator. Through the secondary development of ABAQUS® commercial finite‐element software, an EM‐structure coupling launch dynamics model considering projectile‐barrel coupling is established. The simulation indicates that the transverse swing of the projectile changes in a sine‐like law, and the time of the upper half wave corresponds to the pulse width of the impact force pulse waveform. The stress concentration occurs on the inner surface of the insulator where the contact‐impact occurs, resulting in impact damage. The midline of the insulator inner surface bears a large compressive strain under the action of pre‐tightening force, and the insulator is compressed oscillatingly under the influence of the time‐varying load of the rail during launch. Under the condition of repeated launch, the launch package repeatedly impacts the insulator, and the alternating load of the rail is cyclically loaded on the insulator with impact damage, which will cause the compression fatigue of the insulator and the expansion of impact damage crack. They are the main reasons for the delamination failure of insulator, and the experimental analysis is carried out. This study provides a method to study the delamination failure mechanism of the insulator, and provides guidance for improving the life of the insulator.
A modified eye‐in‐hand stereo visual control for grasping unknown objects via Scara robot
Authors: Jeddi Mahmoud , Khoogar Ahmad Reza
Published: February 2023

Here, the switch proportional integral derivative controller (PID) stereo image‐based visual servoing controller is designed for controlling the manipulator robots. The proposed control algorithm separates the rotational and translational motion of the camera, so the stereo image‐based visual servoing control could be decomposed into three separate stages with different gains. Despite the increasing computation and complexity of relationships, instead of kinematics, robot dynamics are used to guide the robot to make the simulation more consistent with the real condition. To reduce response time and improve the robot's trajectory, the object positions in the image space are predicted by the Extended Kalman filter. The results showed that the proposed method produces a more accurate response than the classical methods that use robot kinematics. Adding the trajectory estimation algorithm improves the time response of the system and its industrial application capabilities.
Chemical diversity of gas in distant galaxies
Authors: Ramburuth-Hurt T. , De Cia A. , Krogager J.-K. , Ledoux C. , Petitjean P. , Péroux C. , Dessauges-Zavadsky M. , Fynbo J. , Wendt M. , Bouché N. F. , Konstantopoulou C. , Jermann I.
Published: February 2023

The chemical composition of gas in galaxies can be measured in great detail using absorption spectroscopy. By studying gas in galaxies in this way, it is possible to investigate small and faint galaxies, which are the most numerous in the universe. In particular, the chemical distribution of gas in absorbing systems gives us insight into cycles of gas in and around galaxies. In this work we study chemical enrichment within 64 damped Lyman-α absorption systems (DLAs) for redshifts in the range 1.7 < z < 4.2. We use high-resolution spectra from VLT/UVES to infer dust depletion from relative abundances of several metals. Specifically, we performed a component-by-component analysis within DLAs, and characterised variations in their chemical enrichment. Unlike hydrogen, the metal columns can be characterised according to their individual components. We used them to derive the dust depletion, which is an indicator of chemical enrichment. Our main results are as follows. Firstly, we find that some DLAs are chemically diverse within themselves (with the measure of dust depletion [Zn/Fe]fit ranging up to 0.62 dex within a single system), suggesting that the absorbing gas within these galaxies is chemically diverse. Secondly, although we do not find a clear trend of decreasing dust depletion with redshift, we do see that the most chemically enriched systems are at lower redshifts. We also observe evidence for dust-poor components at all redshifts, which may be due to the accretion of pristine gas onto galaxies. By combining the chemical and kinematic properties of the individual gas components, we observe potential signatures of infalling gas with low depletion at velocities below ∼100 km s−1, and outflows with high depletion and velocities of ∼600 km s−1. Finally, we find over-abundances of α-elements (an enhancement of ∼0.3 dex) and under-abundances of Mn in several gas components, which is likely a signature of core-collapse supernovae nucleosythesis in the ISM. We observe these effects mostly at lower levels of chemical enrichment.
Wide band UV/Vis/NIR blazed-binary reflective gratings for spectro-imagers: two lithographic technologies investigation
Authors: Lee Mane-Si Laure , Cholet Julie , Delboulbé Anne , Guillemet Raphaël , Loiseaux Brigitte , Garabédian Patrick , Flügel-Paul Thomas , Benkenstein Tino , Sadlowski Susann , Tetaz Nicolas , Windpassinger Roman , Mateo Ana Baselga
Published: February 2023

We report on subwavelength reflective gratings for hyperspectral applications operating in a very large spectral band (340–1040 nm). Our study concerns a blazed-binary grating having a period of 30 μm and composed of 2D subwavelength structures with size from 120 nm to 350 nm. We demonstrate the manufacturing of the gratings on 3″ wafers by two lithography technologies (e-beam and nanoimprint) followed by classical dry etching process. Optical measurements show that the subwavelength grating approach enables a broadband efficiency, polarization behaviour and wavefront quality improvement with respect to the requirements for the next generation of spectro-imagers for Earth observation missions. An outlook towards spherical substrate based on nanoimprint lithography is also reported with the results of mixed features replication (holes and pillars in the range of 160–330 nm) on a 540 mm concave substrate which demonstrate uniformity and accuracy capabilities over 3″ surface.
The past and current distribution of native and non-native fish in the Kowie River catchment, Makhanda, Eastern Cape
Authors: Khosa Dumisani , South Josie , Matam Ncumisa Y. , Mofu Lubabalo , Wasserman Ryan J. , Weyl Olaf L.F.
Published: February 2023

Freshwater ecosystems show substantial loss of biodiversity as a result of anthropogenic induced stressors. In this study, we evaluated the distribution of freshwater fishes in the Kowie River catchment using historic fish distribution records supplemented by field survey data. Fishes were collected using a multi-method approach: seine nets, fyke nets and gill nets. Historic fish distribution data showed that 22 freshwater fishes from 11 families historically occurred, while in this study, we recorded a total of 16 freshwater fish species from 9 families. Overall, a decrease in the number of native species was recorded with a total of five species absent and two new non-native species recorded during the current survey. Coptodon rendalli constituted a new record in the Kowie River catchment while Clarias gariepinus was recorded for the first time in the mainstem of the Kowie River. The presence of these two non-native species in the Kowie River catchment may have implications for the conservation and management of the freshwater diversity in the catchment.
Prospects of fish scale and fin samples usage for nonlethal monitoring of metal contamination: a study on five fish species from the Danube River
Authors: Jovičić Katarina , Janković Saša , Nikolić Dragica M. , Đikanović Vesna , Skorić Stefan , Krpo-Ćetković Jasmina , Jarić Ivan
Published: February 2023

The development of nonlethal methods for the monitoring of environmental contamination is essential to minimize the negative effects on studied species and communities. Fish scales and fin clips can be used as nonlethal indicators of water quality given that they are in direct contact with the environment and can accumulate high concentrations of metals and trace elements. Fin clipping causes minimal harm to fish and it does not affect fish growth or survival. In this study, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn concentrations were measured by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in scales, fins, and muscle of common bream (Abramis brama), white bream (Blicca bjoerkna), wels catfish (Silurus glanis), northern pike (Esox lucius), and pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) from the Danube River. The analysis showed a positive correlation for Hg between scales and muscle in pikeperch. Anal fin and muscle were positively correlated in white bream for Hg, in wels catfish for Cu, and in northern pike and pikeperch for As. The results suggest that scales and fins have a potential to be used as indicators of muscle tissue contamination with As, Cu, and Hg, depending on species' ecological traits.
The complex evolution of information quality improvement in competitive market
Authors: Wu Fang , Liu Bing , Fu Na
Published: February 2023

Information is important market resource. High-quality information is beneficial to increase enterprise’s reputation and reduce consumer’s verification cost. This paper constructs a two-layer dynamic model, in which enterprises simultaneously conduct price and information game. The goal of profit maximization integrates two types of games into one system. The complex evolution of the two-layer system are studied by equilibrium analysis, stability analysis, bifurcation diagram, entropy and Lyapunov exponent. It is found that improving the information quality through regulations will increase involution and reduce stability of the market. Then, the block chain technology is introduced into the model for improving information quality of the market. It is found that increasing enterprises’ willingness to adopt block chain can improve the information quality quickly and effectively, and that is verified by entropy value. Therefore, the application and promotion of new technologies are more effective than exogenous regulations for improving information quality in market.
New characterizations for the identical coupled tasks scheduling problem
Authors: Hadda Hatem , Abdessalem Mhamed
Published: February 2023

In this note we introduce new characterizations for the optimal solution of the identical coupled tasks scheduling problem. We also develop three lower bounds and formulate useful observations about the choice of the test instances.
A Neonate with Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VII with Intractable Ascites
Authors: Fukui Kana , Amari Shoichiro , Yotani Nobuyuki , Kosaki Rika , Hata Kenichiro , Kosuga Motomichi , Sago Haruhiko , Isayama Tetsuya , Ito Yushi
Published: February 2023

We report a case of a patient with severe fetal hydrops and refractory ascites, diagnosed as mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS VII) by whole-exome sequencing, and discharged at 5 months of age after long-term ventilatory management. A male neonate was born by emergency cesarean section due to fetal distress at 301/7 weeks' gestation. Physical examination and X-rays revealed pleural effusion, ascites, and generalized edema, indicating severe fetal hydrops. He underwent tracheal intubation because of respiratory distress that was attributed to massive ascites, pulmonary hypoplasia, and pulmonary hypertension. He received mechanical ventilation and inhaled nitric oxide therapy. Prednisone, octreotide, and a factor XIII preparation were used as the treatment for ascites, and the ascites gradually decreased. He was extubated within 2 months of age. At 4 months of age, the results of whole-exome sequencing of the cord blood showed a compound heterozygous mutation in the GUSB gene, the gene responsible for MPS VII. Enzyme replacement therapy was initiated, and the ascites was resolved. Careful systemic management, including lung-protective respiratory management and the early establishment of nutrition, is important for the long-term survival of infants with fetal hydrops, and early aggressive workup, including whole-genome sequencing for the cause, should be performed in the case of refractory ascites.
Multicenter retrospective cohort of EUS-guided anterograde pancreatic duct access
Authors: Motomura Douglas , Irani Shayan , Larsen Michael , Kozarek Richard A , Ross Andrew S , Gan S Ian
Published: February 2023

Background and study aims Pancreatic duct (PD) cannulation may be difficult during conventional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) due to underlying pathology, anatomical variants or surgically altered anatomy. Pancreatic access in these cases previously necessitated percutaneous or surgical approaches. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) allows for an alternative and can be combined with ERCP for rendezvous during the same procedure, or for other salvage options.

Patients and methods Patients with attempted EUS access of the PD from tertiary referral centers between 2009 and 2022 were included in the cohort. Demographic data, technical data, procedural outcomes and adverse events were collected. The primary outcome was rendezvous success. Secondary outcomes included rates of successful PD decompression and change in procedural success over time.

Results The PD was accessed in 105 of 111 procedures (95 %), with successful subsequent ERCP in 45 of 95 attempts (47 %). Salvage direct PD stenting was performed in 5 of 14 attempts (36 %). Sixteen patients were scheduled for direct PD stenting (without rendezvous) with 100 % success rate. Thus 66 patients (59 %) had successful decompression. Success rates improved from 41 % in the first third of cases to 76 % in the final third. There were 13 complications (12 %), including post-procedure pancreatitis in seven patients (6 %).

Conclusions EUS-guided anterograde pancreas access is a feasible salvage method if retrograde access fails. The duct can be cannulated, and drainage can be achieved in the majority of cases. Success rates improve over time. Future research may involve investigation into technical, patient and procedural factors contributing to rendezvous success.
Not All Postoperative Stridor in Infants Is Due to Endotracheal Tube-Induced Subglottic Edema
Authors: Mariappan Ramamani , Ninan Rebecca A. , Raju Krishnaprabhu
Published: February 2023

A 6-month-old infant presented with clinicoradiological features of a shunt dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging brain showed multiple leptomeningeal cysts in the posterior fossa, with the largest in the right cerebellopontine (CP) angle cistern causing compression on the brain stem and fourth ventricle. There was gross hydrocephalus with the malpositioned shunt tube. He underwent shunt revision followed by right retromastoid craniectomy and decompression of the right CP angle cyst. Following extubation, he developed stridor that was diagnosed initially as subglottic edema and treated with humidified oxygen, systemic corticosteroids, and nebulized adrenaline. Failure to resolve the symptoms warranted a video laryngoscopy that revealed right vocal cord palsy (VCP), and he was reintubated. He was started on steroids and got extubated on a nasal continuous positive airway pressure and was gradually weaned off. Intraoperative handling of the vagus nerve while decompressing the cyst led to a right VCP, which was communicated later to the anesthesiologist. Neurological cause and association need to be considered as one of the differentials while managing postoperative stridor after posterior fossa surgery in an infant. Timely communication between the surgeon and anesthesiologist is paramount for reducing morbidity.
Study of magnetic microspheres screening in microfluidic chip based on co-simulation method
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Xin , Wang Cong , Qiu Jingjiang , Zhang Yudong , Zhang Xiang , Wei Zonhan
Published: February 2023

Magnetic microspheres have been widely applied in DNA determination, bacterial analysis, and information coding. Magnetic microspheres screening is important, as the sizes of the obtained microspheres vary with different manufacturing methods, causing considerable impact on subsequent applications. In this paper, a co-simulation method based on MATLAB and COMSOL was presented to design the magnetic microfluidic chip, which was utilized to separate the magnetic micro-spheres of different sizes efficiently. In order to complete the separation and screening of magnetic microspheres in the microchannel, a movable permanent magnet device was adopted to adjust the magnetic interactions in the separation area, allowing the microspheres to deviate from different distances. A batch analysis of chip model was performed with this method, and an optimal design that showed high efficiency in separating microspheres of different sizes and magnetic properties was also revealed. Moreover, detailed analysis focused on the influence of flow rate, magnetism and arrangement of magnets on the separation effect of the chip. The presented simulation method will not only shorten the chip design time but also have a better understanding of the factors that can affect the separation of particles. This study has shown its potential in the computer-aided design of microfluidic chips for magnetic microspheres screening.
Development of dual phase soft magnetic laminate for advanced electric machines
Authors: Huang Shenyan , Zou Min , Zhang Wanming , Rallabandi Vandana , Dial Laura , Buresh Steve , Zierer Joseph , Jassal Anoop , Johnson Francis
Published: February 2023

The development of dual phase soft magnetic laminate for advanced electric machines at General Electric is summarized, including alloy development, properties, manufacturing trials, prototype experience, potential applications, and future material development. Dual phase soft magnetic laminates provide the flexibility to tune magnetic/non-magnetic state at the desired locations, using solution nitriding treatment with protective mask/coating. This enabling material technology benefits electric machine performance by reducing flux leakage in the laminates. It also decouples the electromagnetic and mechanical design, which opens up the design space for advanced electric machines. Magnetic and mechanical properties of dual phase laminates were compared to commercial FeSi and FeCo soft magnetic laminates. Driven by the market needs for high power density and high-speed electric machines, a synchronous reluctance (SynRel) machine without PMs using dual phase soft magnetic laminates was assessed in machine electromagnetic performance as well as rotor stress analysis by finite element simulation. Successful prototype build and testing further retired manufacturing risks and advanced the technology maturity level. Future material development with higher mechanical strength, higher saturation magnetization, higher permeability, and lower loss are highly desired for ground and air transportation electrification.
A new magnetic-field modulated machine with compound-structure magnets of spoke PMs and Halbach PMs
Authors: Bian Fangfang , Ke Caifei , Su Jie , Li Miao
Published: February 2023

To increase the airgap flux density, this paper proposes a new magnetic-field-modulated permanent magnet (FMPM) machine. The proposed FMPM machine has the compound magnets in the rotor, which is composited by the spoke PMs (SPM) and Halbach PMs (HPM). The proposed SH-FMPM machine facilitates better use of space for armature winding and PMs and combines the benefits of high torque density and high torque/loss. The formation process, operation principle, and electromagnetic performance of the SH-FMPM machine are introduced. It is demonstrated that the SH-FMPM machine has the high torque density and low torque ripple compared to the S-FMPM machine and the H-FMPM machine.
Low vibration design of a variable leakage flux PM motor considering multiple operating conditions
Authors: Liu Teng , Quan Li , Fan Deyang , Zhu Xiaoyong , Xiang Zixuan , Fan Wenjie , Zhou Xue
Published: February 2023

In order to realize the low vibration design, variable leakage flux permanent magnet (VLF-PM) motor is investigated and purposefully optimized. Firstly, the variable flux characteristics of the VLF-PM motor are studied in detail. Then the electromagnetic vibration characteristics of the VLF-PM motor under different operating conditions are analyzed. On this basis, key electromagnetic force harmonics caused by the vibration at typical operating conditions and torque performances are selected to be optimized. By the adoption of multi-objective optimization, low radial electromagnetic force (REF) and high output torque can be achieved. Both simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the reduced vibration design of LCF-PM motors, which provides a potential research path for the low vibration design of PM motors, especially multi-mode PM motors.
Understanding magnetic interactions and reversal mechanisms in a spinodally decomposed cobalt ferrite using first order reversal curves
Authors: Mullurkara Suraj V. , Egli Ramon , Dodrill B. C. , Tan Susheng , Ohodnicki P. R.
Published: February 2023

Cobalt ferrites exhibit widely varied magnetic behaviour due to the presence of a miscibility gap leading to the formation of periodic self-assembled nanostructures via spinodal decomposition. Periodicity and amplitude of the compositional fluctuations can be controlled by thermodynamic and kinetic processing parameters which allows for careful tuning of the magnetic properties. Although reports have shown evidence of spinodal decomposition, there is a lack of detailed characterization of the magnetic interactions and reversal mechanisms in these materials. In this work we use high-resolution first order reversal curves (FORC) measurements to understand the underlying magnetic processes occurring in a cobalt ferrite with a nominal composition of Co1.8Fe1.2O4 before (calcined) and after spinodal decomposition (annealed). Additionally, FORC measurements with preconditioning fields were conducted to separate the interaction signatures at low coercive fields by biasing the sample in positive and negative mean fields. Microstructural characterization using TEM combined with EDS showed uniform chemistry in the calcined sample and the presence of Fe rich and Co rich regions in the annealed sample, due to spinodal decomposition. Signs of positive exchange interactions were observed in both calcined and annealed samples. This work presents the first detailed magnetic characterization of magnetic interactions in a nanostructured cobalt ferrite, and provides an example of magnetic characterization of nanostructured ferrites using FORC.
Magnetic behavior and chaining of strontium ferrite-nylon composite above the melting temperature
Authors: Ahmed Tanjina N. , Selsor Christopher , Tate Jitendra S. , Geerts Wilhelmus J.
Published: February 2023

To better understand Magnetic Field Assisted Additive Manufacturing (MFAAM) the effect of a magnetic field on the orientation and distribution of magnetic particles in a molten magnetic composite was studied. Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) measurements were made on Sr-ferrite/PA12 fused deposition modeling filaments of different packing fraction (5 and 40 wt. %). The rotation of the sample’s magnetic moment upon application of a field perpendicular to the easy axis was monitored with a biaxial VSM above the PA12’s softening temperature. The observed magnetic moment transients depend on the temperature, the applied alignment field, the packing fraction, and the initial field-anneal procedure. Longer field-anneals result in larger time constants and seem to induce a hurdle that prevents complete alignment at low temperatures and/or for small fields. Results indicate the molten composite is a non-Newtonian fluid that can support a yielding stress. Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM) images taken on field-annealed samples at 230 °C show strong chaining with little PA-12 left between individual Sr-ferrite particles suggesting that direct particle to particle interaction is the reason for the observed non-zero yielding stress. The melt viscosity of the composite increases with the number of thermal cycles above the melting temperature (Tm). Room temperature (RT) torque magnetometry measurements show that magnetic anisotropy depends on the field annealing process through induced shape anisotropy contributions originating from magnetic particle agglomerates.
The acoustic repertoire of the burrowing bettong (Bettongia lesueur)
Authors: Trenwith B. , Armstrong K. N. , Van der Weyde L. K. , Moseby K. E.
Published: February 2023

Acoustic signalling is used by a range of taxa to convey information. Terrestrial marsupials are not considered particularly vocal, however acoustic signalling in this group may be important for predator avoidance and social cohesion. We defined the nocturnal acoustic repertoire of the burrowing bettong, a social macropod that shelters down warrens during the day, using micro audio-recorders on the radio-collars of 19 individuals. Alarm calls were emitted in response to external stimuli just prior to fleeing, whilst aggression and submission calls were generally recorded simultaneously in pairs of individuals, usually in food defence. Submission calls were often made whilst laying and defending with the hind feet. Contact calls were quieter and emitted when one individual slowly approached another. The isolation call was only observed in interactions between adult and juvenile. Bettong call rates were higher at night when bettongs were active (nearly 50/h) than during the day (<6/h). Males emitted alarm calls more often than females, and smaller females produced higher rates of submission calls than larger females. This study provides a foundation for improved call elicitation analysis in bettongs which could assist with conservation management.
Effect of cooling rate on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-9Gd-4Y-1Zn-1Al alloy
Authors: Fu Yuanke , Wang Liping , Feng Yicheng , Wang Lei , Zhao Sicong
Published: February 2023

In this paper, the effect of cooling rate on solidification behaviour, microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Al-refined Mg-9Gd-4Y-1Zn was studied. As cooling rate decreased, grain size increased and when cooling rate was 32.5°C/s, grain size was the smallest (30.57 µm). The second phases included lamellar LPSO, block-like Mg3 (Zn, RE), granular Al2RE and acicular Al2RE. As cooling rate decreased, the content of granular Al2RE increased, while that of other phases decreased. As cooling rate decreased, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS) and elongation all decreased. When cooling rate was 32.5°C/s, the mechanical properties were the best, and UTS, YS and elongation were 228.2 MPa, 158.2 MPa and 8.8%, respectively.
On the algebraic approach to GUP in anisotropic space
Authors: Herkenhoff Gomes André
Published: February 2023

Motivated by current searches for signals of Lorentz symmetry violation in nature and recent investigations on generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) models in anisotropic space, in this paper we identify GUP models satisfying two criteria: (i) invariance of commutators under canonical transformations, and (ii) physical independence of position and momentum on the ordering of auxiliary operators in their definitions. Compliance of these criteria is fundamental if one wishes to unambiguously describe GUP using an algebraic approach and, surprisingly, neither is trivially satisfied when GUP is assumed within anisotropic space. As a consequence, we use these criteria to place important restrictions on what or how GUP models may be approached algebraically.
Enhanced piezoelectric energy harvesting based on sandwiched phononic crystal with embedded spheres
Authors: Gantasala Subrahmanyam , Thomas Tiju , Rajagopal Prabhu
Published: February 2023

In recent years, metamaterial/ phononic crystal (PnC) based energy harvesters are gaining interest due to their excellent elastic wave manipulation and energy trapping capabilities. Here, we propose a novel PnC comprising of Tungsten Carbide (WC) spheres embedded in epoxy resin matrix. The sphere-epoxy composite is encapsulated by Aluminum (Al) holey structure and the device is sandwiched between two Al plates. Numerical analysis of band structure reveals a wide phononic band gap (BG) from 50.65 kHz to 71.12 kHz. These BGs can be engineered by varying geometric parameters of the unit cell viz., the radius of the sphere and thickness of Al plates. A point defect is introduced by removing the central sphere of the 5 × 5 PnC to facilitate the robust localization of evanescent wave defect modes within the bandgap. Moreover, it is observed that, by altering the radius of the defect sphere, the number of defect modes and their shift can be reconfigured. A PnC based energy harvester is implemented by attaching a piezoelectric disk (PZT-5H) onto the defect PnC just above the defect site. This arrangement of PZT disk converts the highly resonant mechanical defect mode into electrical energy, thereby allowing vibration energy harvesting. Finally, we show that the power enhancement can be achieved by ∼12 times with the proposed PnC compared to the bare Al block.
Simultaneous cooling coupled nano-mechanical resonators in cavity optomechanics
Authors: Li Ji-Xin , Ooi C H Raymond , Wang Qiong , Chang Sheng-Li
Published: February 2023

Coupled mechanical resonators have recently attracted great attention for both practical applications and fundamental studies. As a preparation step, it is needed to cool the coupled mechanical resonators to their ground states. Here we propose a theoretical scheme to cool two coupled mechanical resonators by introducing an optomechanical interface. The final mean phonon numbers of the two mechanical resonators are calculated exactly and the results show that the ground-state cooling is achievable in the resolved-sideband regime and under the optimal driving. Moreover, we derived analytical expressions of the cooling limits by adiabatically eliminating the cavity field under the large-decay limit.
Properties of Flare Events on M Stars from LAMOST Spectral Survey Based on Kepler and TESS Light Curves
Authors: Meng Gang , Zhang Li-Yun , Su Tianhao , Yang Zilu , Han Xianming L. , Misra Prabhakar , Long Liu , Pi Qingfeng , Zhu Zhongzhong , Jiang Linyan
Published: February 2023

A catalog of M stars has been published from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope data release 7 (LAMOST DR7). We cross-matched the LAMOST M catalog with Kepler, Kepler 2 (K2) and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) surveys. We obtained the light curves from the Kepler and TESS surveys. We detected 20,047 flare events from 4053 M stars and calculated their durations, amplitudes, and energies. We analyzed the distribution of the flare durations and energies. The distributions of flare duration for Kepler, K2 and TESS peak are at 3–3.5 hr, 4–6 hr and 1–1.5 hr, respectively. This may be the result of the different cadences for the three data sets. The highest regions of the flare energies of Kepler, K2 and TESS are 32–32.5, 32–32.5 and 31–31.5 erg in Log format, respectively. A linear relationship between flare duration and energy emerges from our analysis. The ratio of flare duration to total observational time is approximately 0.2%–0.3% for the Kepler, K2 and TESS surveys. The occurrence rate of a star with a flare event increases from the M0 to M4 subtypes. We also determined the spatial distribution of the flare rate of M stars in the Milky Way. It seems that the flare rate decreases as the vertical height increases. The power index of the flare energies is in the region of 1.53–2.32, which is similar to previous result for solar type star (2.0). Further, we examined the relationship between the flare amplitude and chromospheric intensity. The flare activity increases rapidly with the increase in the Hα EW at the lower values (less approximately 2 Å) and it increases slowly at the higher values.
An Intermediate-field Fast Radio Burst Model and the Quasi-periodic Oscillation
Authors: Wang Jie-Shuang , Li Xinyu , Dai Zigao , Wu Xuefeng
Published: February 2023

Quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) signals are discovered in some fast radio bursts (FRBs) such as FRB 20191221A, as well as in the X-ray burst associated with the galactic FRB from SGR 1935+2154. We revisit the intermediate-field FRB model where the radio waves are generated as fast-magnetosonic waves through magnetic reconnection near the light cylinder. The current sheet in the magnetar wind is compressed by a low frequency pulse emitted from the inner magnetosphere to trigger magnetic reconnection. By incorporating the wave dynamics of the magnetosphere, we demonstrate how the FRB frequency, the single pulse width, and luminosity are determined by the period, magnetic field, QPO frequency and quake energetics of the magnetar. We find that this model can naturally and self-consistently interpret the X-ray/radio event from SGR 1935+2154 and the QPO in FRB 20191221A. It can also explain the observed wide energy range of repeating FRBs in a narrow bandwidth.
EEG-based detection of modality-specific visual and auditory sensory processing
Authors: Massaeli Faghihe , Bagheri Mohammad , Power Sarah D
Published: February 2023

Objective. A passive brain–computer interface (pBCI) is a system that enhances a human–machine interaction by monitoring the mental state of the user and, based on this implicit information, making appropriate modifications to the interaction. Key to the development of such a system is the ability to reliably detect the mental state of interest via neural signals. Many different mental states have been investigated, including fatigue, attention and various emotions, however one of the most commonly studied states is mental workload, i.e. the amount of attentional resources required to perform a task. The emphasis of mental workload studies to date has been almost exclusively on detecting and predicting the ‘level’ of cognitive resources required (e.g. high vs. low), but we argue that having information regarding the specific ‘type’ of resources (e.g. visual or auditory) would allow the pBCI to apply more suitable adaption techniques than would be possible knowing just the overall workload level. Approach. 15 participants performed carefully designed visual and auditory tasks while electroencephalography (EEG) data was recorded. The tasks were designed to be as similar as possible to one another except for the type of attentional resources required. The tasks were performed at two different levels of demand. Using traditional machine learning algorithms, we investigated, firstly, if EEG can be used to distinguish between auditory and visual processing tasks and, secondly, what effect level of sensory processing demand has on the ability to distinguish between auditory and visual processing tasks. Main results. The results show that at the high level of demand, the auditory vs. visual processing tasks could be distinguished with an accuracy of 77.1% on average. However, in the low demand condition in this experiment, the tasks were not classified with an accuracy exceeding chance. Significance. These results support the feasibility of developing a pBCI for detecting not only the level, but also the type, of attentional resources being required of the user at a given time. Further research is required to determine if there is a threshold of demand under which the type of sensory processing cannot be detected, but even if that is the case, these results are still promising since it is the high end of demand that is of most concern in safety critical scenarios. Such a BCI could help improve safety in high risk occupations by initiating the most effective and efficient possible adaptation strategies when high workload conditions are detected.
Status and recent extensions of the Caribou DAQ system for picosecond timing with an FPGA TDC
Authors: Buschmann E.
Published: February 2023

Caribou is a flexible open-source DAQ system developed and used within several collaborative frameworks (CERN EP R&D, RD50, AIDAinnova) for laboratory and high-rate beam tests and easy integration of new silicon-pixel detector prototypes. It uses common hardware, firmware and software components that are shared across different projects, thereby reducing the development effort and cost for such readout systems significantly. This contribution introduces the FASTPIX, APTS and DPTS detectors recently integrated in Caribou and their requirements in terms of waveform sampling and timing of digital pulses. A Time-to-Digital-Converter implemented in the Caribou FPGA was developed to overcome the limitations of the previously used oscilloscope-based readout. It allows for precision timing over large time spans required for the Time-of-Arrival, Time-over-Threshold, and position encoding used in the FASTPIX and DPTS test chips with asynchronous digital readout. A time resolution after calibration of better than 10 ps is achieved.
Bandgap reference, temperature sensor and low drop-out regulator circuits monolithic sensors in TPSCo 65 nm ISC technology
Authors: Yelkenci A. , Qui S. , Rossewij M.J. , Grelli A. , Gajanana D. , Gromov V.
Published: February 2023

With Inner Tracking System v3 (ITS3), the ALICE experiment is pursuing a wafer-scale Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS). The chip is being developed in TPSCo 65 nm ISC technology which is under study in the framework of CERN EP R&D on monolithic sensors for High Energy Physics (HEP) applications. This contribution presents designs and measurement results of building blocks needed for this chip, in particular bandgap references and temperature sensors. In addition, simulation results of the design of Low Drop-out Regulator (LDO) to be submitted for the next prototyping run will be discussed.