bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pan-european and national strategies for conservation of biodiversity
Authors: Хохлова Елена Револьдовна , Яковлева Светлана Ивановна
Published: January 2021

На основании проведенного структурного анализа Национальной стратегии сохранения биоразнообразия в России были установлены основные этапы и последовательность её разработки. Этот алгоритм может быть представлен как своеобразный технический стандарт, который соответствует правилам разработки комплексных и отраслевых (частных) территориальных стратегий. На примере стратегий разных стран показаны проблемные типы районов - «горячие точки» биоразнообразия.

Here we establish the main stages and sequence of the National Strategy for Biodiversity Conservation in Russia, based on the structural analysis. This algorithm can be used as a technical standard that corresponds to the rules for the development of complex and sectoral (private) territorial strategies. Problem types of areas, so called ‘biodiversity hotspots’ are illustrated within strategies of various countries.
Analyzing the Use of Catholic Learning Model for the State Primary Schools in South and Southeast Pontianak
Authors: Ahen Lukas , Cenderato Cenderato , Florentina Florentina , Astuti Florentina Dwi , Halawa Arius Arifman
Published: January 2021

Learning models were important for the teachers to apply by considering the class setting. How they could manage their class depending on what learning model they could apply. So, it was curious to know what learning model the teachers had used so far. To deal with this, the researchers were eager to find out the answer by the research. This study aims to describe the learning model, the advantages and disadvantages of using the model, and the efforts made by Catholic Education (PAK) teachers in overcoming the disadvantages and strengths of using models in the State Primary Schools in South and Southeast Pontianak. To see the use of the learning model, qualitative research methods were used which consisted of interviews, questionnaires, observations, and focus group discussions. Teachers in the State Elementary Schools in South and Southeast Pontianak had implemented the learning models: Inquiry Model, Story Telling, Role Play, and Discovery Learning contextually. Based on the result, the teacher had a strategy in the application of learning models for example: reading books that are relevant to the model to apply, inviting students to learn outside the room, taking a persuasive and personal approach. Meanwhile, some obstacles faced were the delinquency of students, less in number, a variety of competencies, the existence of students with special needs, and the lack of teaching aids. The advantages of using the learning model were systematic, involving students actively, creating cooperation, motivating students, and improving learning outcomes. The learning model tended to run monotonously. There were several efforts to overcome deficiencies of learning models: taking a personal approach, trying to maximize the use of learning models used, changing models learning that would be considered more suitable or repetitive by applying the same learning model to maximize learning outcomes, conveying material repeatedly, writing student names and adding value to students who are active in groups so they try to want to be active, giving additional assignments to students who have understood learning so students do not have to be in class and trying to maximize the tools and means of learning that exist and do to students.
Enhancement of Students Cooperation Attitude through Traditional Game of Lompat Tali
Authors: Istirahayu Iip
Published: January 2021

Character development in students is very important to be a better individual and understand the values that apply. Character development is done by instilling basic ethical values such as one of which is cooperation. The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze the increase in the value of cooperation of elementary school students in the city of Singkawang through the application of the traditional Lompat Tali game, as a form of preserving the nation's culture and building the nation's cultural character. The method used in this research is quantitative research. The study population was all elementary school students in Singkawang. Samples were selected using a purposive sampling technique as many as 50 groups. The type of data used in this survey research is quantitative data obtained from interviews, observations, and attitude scales. Analysis of the data in this study used the N-gain test to see an increase in student cooperation attitude. The results of the study based on the N-gain calculation show that the increase in the cooperative attitude of elementary school students is 0.38, which means that students of the traditional game of Lompat Tali can increase the cooperative attitude of elementary school students.
CAMI: Web-Based Application to Test Validity and Reliability of Research Instruments
Authors: Ovan Ovan , Saputra Andika
Published: January 2021

Testing research instruments can be done using several applications such as SPSS, AMOS, Lisrell, and several other applications. However, the use of these applications encounters several obstacles for its users, the first is that some of these applications are paid, the costs that are not small to buy a license for this application often force users to use a pirated version of the application, which of course is detrimental for developers and tarnish the world of education itself. And the second is that the use of this application sometimes confuses the users, the cause is that the items in the application are too complex, making it difficult to use, and in some applications, there are demands that users have an understanding of programming to be able to use the application. Therefore, in this research, a web-based application was developed to test the validity and reliability of research instruments that are free of charge and easy to use by academics and researchers (this application is then called CAMI). The stages taken in this research are the study of the theory of testing the validity and reliability of the research instrument, collecting data, compiling the syntax for making applications, installing applications on a web server (so that they can be accessed online), and testing applications from the data obtained. The data used in this research is secondary data obtained from theses and journals. Furthermore, the data is used to test the web application that has been created, then the results of the test data output are compared with the test results using the SPSS application with the same data. From the test results, it was found that both validity and reliability tests gave the same output 100% as the SPSS application.
IMPROVING THE CLEANING EFFICIENCY OF ADVANCED DOUBLE-DRUM STRAIGHT-THROUGH EQUIPMENT FOR FIBER CLEANING
Authors:   Jizzakh Polytechnic Institute of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Egamberdiyev Fazliddin , Jumaniyazov Qadam , Doniyorov Bektosh , Muxametshina El’mira
Published: January 2021

This article provides data on the need to improve the fiber-cleaning equipment used at ginneries in order to increase the efficiency of cleaning machine cotton picking. The equipment is equipped with a special design guide device. The results of analyzes conducted on advanced equipment are presentedin tabular and graphical form. Recommendations are given on the introduction of a special design guide device.
INFLUENCE OF FROUDE NUMBER IN DETERMINING THE ANGLE OF THE JET FROM THE MAIN FLOW
Authors:   Bukhara Engineering Technological Institute of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Yunusov Ganisher
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the definition of the angle of the outlet from the main stream. To determine the angle of elimination, the dependences and influence of the Froude number were analyzed. The obtained theoretical and experimental results were compared graphically and a conclusion was revealed.
MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF GEOFILTRRATION AND GEOMIGRATION IN POROUS MEDIA WITH FRACTAL STRUCTURE
Authors:   Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after  Muhammad al-Khwarizmi, Yusupov R.A. , Axrolov Sh.S. , Mirzanova N.M. , Nasiriddinov A.N.
Published: January 2021

In this study 2-D linear models are coming from generalised, Boussinesq eqution describing geofiltration in soils with fractal structures are presented. In this study are presented too mathematical models geomigration of contaminations with groundwater in classical way and in soils with fractal structures
VIBRATION ANALYSIS EVENT OF GUIDE ROLLER MECHANISMS FROM BELT CONVEYORS
Authors:   Tashkent Institute of Textile and Light Industry of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Juraev Anvar , Jumaev Akbarjon , Qayumov Bahodir ,   Navoi branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the analysis of vibration phenomena during the operation of conveyor belt conveyor mechanisms and the process of their occurrence. The increased frequency and durability of the mechanism as a result of proper centering when installing parts of the mechanism of the guide roller, including the part that acts as a sliding base, leads to positive changes in the mechanisms of the machine.
THE ROLE OF COLORS IN THE LESSONS OF DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY
Authors:   Tadqiqot LLC International Journals Portal, Saidnazarova Saida
Published: January 2021

In given article lit methods use colors and role colors on occupation of the descriptive geometry
Intoxicación aguda por paraquat
Authors: Yepes Luna , Narváez N , Sánchez M , Muriel R
Published: January 2021

Se presenta cuatro casos de intoxicación aguda por paraquat (Gramoxone), herbicida de contacto de amplia utilización en el agro ecuatoriano.

Tres corresponden al sexo masculino y uno al femenino; la paciente estuvo embarazada.

La intoxicación fue accidental en tres casos y voluntaria, intento de suicidio en un caso. Hubo dos muertos.

Se analiza la sintomatología y los procesos diagnósticos y terapéuticos empleados.

Una revisión de la literatura a la que se tiene acceso nos da a conocer los conceptos prevalentes sobre el mecanismo de acción del tóxico y sus repercusiones locales y sistémicas, asàcomo los fundamentos diagnósticos y terapéuticos aceptados y aplicables, poniendo de manifiesto la dificultad de utilizarlos en nuestro medio.

Se alerta sobre la necesidad de tomar medidas profilácticas y aquellas que permitan identificar al tóxico para evitar accidentes indeseables
Learner Perspective of L1 Use in L2 Collaborative Writing: An Emic View
Authors: Mohanraj Sathuvalli , Chimirala Uma Maheshwari
Published: January 2021

Studies investigating the use of L1 in the L2 classroom space have done so from three viewpoints: the teacher’s use of L1, the learner’s perspective about the teacher’s use of L1 and the learner’s use of L1 in L2 writing as the learners participate in think aloud protocols or in collaborative writing. All three perspectives present the etic view of the act of using the L1 and report mixed and sometimes contradictory findings of what learners’ feel about the role L1 can play in the L2 learning context. Rarely have studies explored the learner’s perspective of their own use of L1 after a collaborative writing activity. By and large the image that emerges from the learners’ perspective is that the L1 is useful but thatit could be a blockade and a hindrance in acquiring the L2. We ask if this view would still persist if the learners were to bank on their L1 capabilities rather than comment on their Teacher’s Bi/Multilingual capabilities. Therefore, we interviewed 24, class 8, beginner level dyad writers (12 pairs) in a Zillah Parishad High School after they had collaboratively created three texts together. Qualitative analysis of the dyad interviews suggests that the learner’s need to be ‘allowed’ to explore their language capabilities before they realize the pedagogic potentiality of the L1 and decide on whether L1 is useful or otherwise. Key words: L1 use in L2 collaborative writing; learner’s perspective; emic view
Communicative Approaches in Teaching Spoken English Pre-service Teacher Education in EFL Contexts
Authors: Jang Helen
Published: January 2021

Following on the education policy and curriculum innovations for spoken English development, there have been changes as well as challenges in English classrooms in Korea in recent years. In line with the new government policy for pre-service English teacher education, this research explored the nature of teacher learning during the practicum. The aims of this study were to understand the student teachers’ views and experiences of classroom practice period with regard to the use and instruction of spoken English in English classrooms. This research employed two case studies in urban and rural contexts during the intensive period of the practicum.  Data were generated by classroom observations in secondary schools and by in-depth interviews with the student teachers from the communicative perspectives: Contextual factors were taken into consideration in relation to the influence how the student teachers perceived and conducted teaching of speaking in accordance with the curriculum policy presented by the Ministry of Education. Based on the main findings of this research, implications were drawn the relationships between education policy and classroom practice and school contexts.  Suggestions were made as regards effective ways of facilitating teaching and learning spoken English reflecting the diversity and complexity of classroom contexts through context-sensitive approaches in EFL contexts. Keywords: Communicative Approach, Spoken English, Pre-service Teacher Education, EFL Contexts, case study
Teacher Talk in Classroom Interaction: A Study at an English Department in Indonesia
Authors: Sofyan Ryan Rayhana , Mahmud Murni
Published: January 2021

The research aims at analyzing teacher talk in classroom interaction based on Foreign Language Interaction Analysis (FLINT) system in speaking classroom of English department of Language and Literature Faculty of State University of Makassar. The method used in this research was a descriptive method. The instruments were FLINT system. The participants of the research were the lecturer and students of a speaking class during the second semester of academic year 2011/2012 at English Department of Language and Literature Faculty of State University of Makassar. The results of the research are: teacher talk of giving praises and encouragement is approximately less, the asking questions category dominate the teacher talk category, which means it is in the beneficial function. The lecturer asked the questions to the students and the students responded it well by speaking eagerly. The utterances of giving direction occurred in relatively short times. While in student talk, there are students’ problems and difficulties in speaking. The extracts of student talk in classroom interaction revealed the students problems such as the lack of vocabulary, anxiety, inability to form ideas in English language form, and grammar error. The teacher talk frequency was still excessive, but the lecturer made group and pair discussions to balance the effective talk for students in student-student interaction. Keywords: Classroom, interaction, FLINT, Speaking
Subtitled Films and Learning Listening Comprehension: A Study in Bulukumba, Indonesia
Authors: Syam Anugrah Febrian , Rahman Andi Qashas
Published: January 2021

This present study is aimed at finding out (1) the possible effect of subtitled and non-subtitled movies on students’ listening achievement, and (2) the difference between using subtitled and non-subtitled movies in students’ listening comprehension. A Comparative study using two groups with a pre-test and post-test design was undertaken in this research. The data were collected using the IELTS listening test. There were two results in the data analysis of IELTS listening test. The first, a general improvement was noted. It was found that both procedures (presenting the movie with or without subtitles) produced a positive effect. Second, the result of movie task data analysis indicated a positive effect for both groups; both groups significantly improved during six weeks. It was revealed that subtitled group exercised a better performance than non-subtitled group. Keywords: Subtitled movies, Non-subtitled movies, The IELTS Listening Test.
The Effects of Visual Auditory Kinesthetic Learning Style as Technique in Improving Students’ Writing Ability
Authors: Lista Litta , Atmowardoyo Haryanto , Salija Kisman
Published: January 2021

The objectives of this research were to investigate whether VAK learning style as a technique has significant effects in improving students’ writing ability and the students’ interest in VAK learning style as a technique in studying English writing. This research employed quasi experimental design. The population of this research was the eleventh grade students of Science Program SMA Negeri 1 Bontomarannu in academic year 2014/2015. This research used cluster random sampling. The sample consisted of 60 students that belonged to two groups: 30 students in the experimental andcontrol group. The data was collected by using writing test and questionnaire.The findings showed that there was an improvement on the students’ writing ability after the treatment. The students’ result of posttest of experimental group was more significantly improved than the students’ result of posttest of control group by the mean score 73.2 > 58.1. The difference of both scores was statistically significant based on the t-test value at significant level0.05 inwhich the P-value is lower than the significant level (0.0001 < 0.05). The mean score of the students’ interest in the experimental group was 91.63 and it was categorized as strongly interested. Key words: VAK Learning Style, Writing, Learning Style
Teacher’s questioning and students’ critical thinking in EFL classroom interaction
Authors: Yuliawati Yuliawati , Mahmud Murni , Muliati Muliati
Published: January 2021

The present study intended to examine the levels of questions based on Bloom’s Taxonomy used in EFL classroom interaction, to investigate the teacher’s questioning techniques and to analyze the roles of teacher’s questioning on students’ critical thinking. This study applied qualitative descriptive method. Classroom observation, field notes and interview were employed. The study engaged an English teacher at SMA Negeri 1 Tolitoli. The result showed that the teacher asked four out of six levels of questions. The teacher asked all lower-order levels questions (knowledge, comprehension and application) whereas he only asked fewer analysis questions as higher-order levels questions (never asked synthesis and evaluation questions). Furthermore, the teacher applied all questioning techniques proposed by Turney. They are structuring, focusing, redirecting, distributing, pausing, teacher reacting, prompting and changing the level of cognitive demand. This study also found the new technique, namely joking. However, the results revealed that the roles of teacher’s questioning only in the lower-order thinking of the students which could not facilitate the student’s critical thinking but it can lead the students to think critically. Therefore, it was recommended to maximize the use of higher-order levels questions in order to train the students think critically.Keywords: Lower-order levels questions, higher-order levels questions, questioning techniques, critical thinking
Students’ Perception of Teachers Nonverbal Immediacy Behavior toward Students’ Attitude and Motivation in Learning English
Authors: Wijaya Rendra Kusuma
Published: January 2021

The objectives of the research were to provide information about students’ perception of teachers’ nonverbal immediacy behavior toward students’ attitude and motivation in learning English. This research is descriptive by nature employing mixed method QUAN-qual model. Participants of this research were the students of X IIS 2 and XI MIA 4 who were taught by male and female teacher. The data were obtained from questionnaire, group interview, and observation. The data from questionnaire were analyzed by using simple descriptive statistic and the data from interview and observation were analyzed by using interactive model of data analysis procedure consisting data collection, data reduction, and data display, and conclusion drawing. The finding showed that the mean score of students’ attitude was 76.56 under category positive attitude. The mean score of students’ motivation was 75.43 under category motivated. The students perceived that teachers’ nonverbal immediacy behavior influenced their attitude and motivation positively or negatively depending on particularr determinant factors such as religion, culture, and age. The findings led to the onclusion that managing nonverbal immediacy behaviors was very important for teachers because the behaviors could help changing students’ attitude from negative attitude became positive attitude and changing students motivation from demotivated became motivated during learning process in the class.Key words: Nonverbal immediacy behavior, attitude, motivation
The Phonological Interference of Students’ First Language in Pronouncing English Sounds (A Case Study on Buginese and Makassarese Students)
Authors: Utami Dian Hera , Wello Muhammad Basri , Atmowardoyo Haryanto
Published: January 2021

The study indicates the phonological interferences occurred by the Buginese and Makasserese students in pronouncing English sounds and the factors affect pronunciation interference of Buginese and Makasserese students in pronouncing English sounds. The respondents were eight university students majoring English Department. They are four Buginese students which their L1 is Buginese and four Makassarese students which their L1 is Makassarese. This research was conducted through a case study design. The instruments were oral test by reading three different texts to get the data with audio recording and interview about students’ problems in pronouncing English sounds. The result of data analysis showed that there is 46 kinds manner of articulation that the students made when they produced English sounds; 32 vowels and 14 consonants. The data also showed that the main factor that influences the students while pronouncing English words is interlanguage transfer. The implication of this research can be expected upon teaching and learning process. The students should put more awareness toward the L1 interference in pronouncing English vowels and consonant and drill more the correct pronunciation. The study also suggests that the teachers should give an extra attention to this problem. The teacher expected can help the students to reduce the mispronounced. The study also has some contributions to the language field where teachers/lecturers need to take a special attention of this phenomenon.
The Naturalness and Accuracy of English Short Story Translation Into Indonesian
Authors: Safei Nuh Hasanah , Salija Kisman
Published: January 2021

The objectives of this research were to find out the naturalness of English short story translation into Indonesian and to find out the accuracy of English short story translation into Indonesian. This research employed descriptive qualitative research design which conducted at the second year students of  MTsN 1 Makassar in academic years 2017/2018 . The researcher used purposive sampling technique by taking one class from the twelve classes. The researcher chooses class VIII-11 which consisted of 40 students. The data were collected using document by translation text and interview. The results showed that the naturalness and accuracy of students’ translation of short story entitled The Proud Lion gained score 7-8 with classification “almost completely successful” from 30 students. And 10 students gained score 5-6 with classification “adequate”. It was caused by wrong choice of words and they were still less in selecting the indicated meaning so that their translation sound strange, unnatural, inaccuracy for the readers.
The Linguistic Features Uniqueness of the Students’ Written Discourse in Online Learning
Authors: Hasan Farida , Muhayyang Maemuna
Published: January 2021

This research aimed at finding and describing the types and the uniqueness of linguistic features used by the students in their written discourse in BritishEnglishClass.com. The researcher applied a descriptive qualitative method. The data collection was done using document analysis in form of chat history in Whatsapp and taking ten students as the participants of this study.  The result of the analysis showed that the students used six types of linguistic features namely (1) Lexical features in terms of the use of interjection, abbreviation, word letter replacement, word combination, code switching, code mixing and diction, (2) Orthographic features in terms of word spelling and capitalization, (3) Grammatical features in terms of ellipsis, passive voice, verb use, and personal pronoun, (4) Discourse features in terms of the use of interactional features and the stream of consciousness, (5) Paralinguistic and Graphic in terms of emoticon usage and excessive punctuation and, (6) other features in terms of written out laughter . These features are unique because they are different from the standard form of the language.  It can be seen also from the use of abbreviation and ellipsis that shorten the students’ sentence, the use of emoticon representing the emotions and psychical activity, the use of lower and upper case to represent the sound and the intonation of the student’ sentence, the abandonment of convention of capitalization of proper nouns and the first words of sentences, and the creative orthography of some words. The linguistic features used by the students were different from the standard form and their function that allowed the student to express and emphasize their intention, meaning and emotion in the chat room make the students’ written discourse in online learning is uniqueKeywords: uniqueness, linguistic features
Emailing in English Writing: a Case Study Towards Students in Two Classes at SMA Negeri 1 Sinjai
Authors: Mutiamiftah Meta , Atmowardoyo Haryanto , Jabu Baso
Published: January 2021

This article explores the reasons of the  students for emailing activities and how emailing activities influence the student’ writing competence. It also discusses emailing support the students  writing competence at SMA Neg 1 Sinjai. This article applied a qualitative method, covering the collection, analysis, and interpretation of comprehensive narrative and visual data in order to gain insights into a particular phenomenon of interest. The participants of this article were the second year students of SMA Negeri 1 Sinjai, consisting of 10 students chosen from two classes using purposive sampling. The data of this research were collected through observation with simple protocol. The data were analyzed using the grounded theory technique, including three types or stages of data analysis:l open coding, axial coding, and selective coding.The result of this research reveals the student’s reasons for  emailing activities, that is because it  is interesting to do, comfortable, fast, and usable to send many file. Then, raising the habit of using English language when writing in email, improves their writing competence. And the  English teacher claims that email as a learning tool is beneficial  in  increasing  the students gradesin English language subject.
Podcast Effects on EFL Learners’ Listening Comprehension
Authors: Rahman Abdul , Atmowardoyo Haryanto , Salija Kisman
Published: January 2021

Undoubtedly the Internet sources are absolutely beneficial to the senior high school students since they carried the target language together in itself. The present study aimed to explore podcast effects on EFL learners’ listening comprehension. This study involved sixty students chosen from the eleventh grade students of the science department at SMU Negeri 1 luwu in 2017/2018 academic years. They divided into two groups, namely the experimental and control group. The listening comprehension test and the open-ended questions administered to fulfil the objectives of the study. The quantitative data were analysed by utilizing paired and independent samples t-test, and the qualitative data was analysed through an open coding technique by identifying, naming, and describing the phenomena of the gathered data. The quantitative results indicated that the use of podcast was more effective than the use of non-podcast. It was proven by the value of the mean score from both of the groups (53.73 ˃ 37,46). The different (df) of  those two mean scores was statistically significant based on the the t - test value at 0.05 significance level. The probability value was smaller than significant level (0.000 < 0.05). In other words, the result of hypothesis testing found that t-value = 4.791 was higher than t-table = 2.000 (p=0.05, df =58). Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected. In addition, the result of open-ended question analysis highlighted that podcast was attractive in the teaching and learning of English as a foreign language listening comprehension.Podcast, Listening Comprehension, Learning Interest
Reducing Students’ Pronunciation Anxiety by Utilizing WhatsApp Group in Learning English Consonant Sounds
Authors: Aulia Vivi
Published: January 2021

This research aims at describing the utilization of WhatsApp group to reduce students’ pronunciation anxiety in learning English consonant sounds. It is conducted to the first semester of English Department students at STKIP PGRI Banjarmasin batch 2018 in Pronunciation Practice course. The instruments of this research are the documentation of students’ scores on voice records sent to WhatsApp group and the questionnaire. Both the instruments are analyzed quantitatively. The documentation of students’ voice records is analyzed to see their progress of practicing English consonant sounds during eight meetings. Meanwhile, the questionnaire is analyzed to get their impressions and personal feelings whether the use of WhatsApp group help them to reduce their anxiety as well as fear of making error in pronunciation practice. The result of students’ voice record documentation shows that there are 56% students who have good scores, 42% students have enough scores, and 5% of students have fair scores. It indicates that the result of students’ pronunciation practice needs to be improved. The students should carry out regular practice to get maximal pronunciation ability. The result of questionnaire shows that there are 78% of them state that WhatsApp group helps them much in learning, feel enjoy, have self-confidence as the result of having more relax after involving on class discussion using WhatsApp group.
Students’ Ability in Using Direct and Indirect Speech of English Department Students at Universitas Muslim Indonesia
Authors: Rosmiaty Rosmiaty , Ratnawati Ratnawati , Latukau Hasni
Published: January 2021

In this study the writer wishes to know the students’ ability by the fourth semester students of Foreign Language Academy UMI in using direct and indirect speech. The whole population of this study was 160 students at fourth semester of Foreign Language Academy. There were 24 students out of 160 students to represent the population as the sample. The sample is taken by using random sampling technique. The types of the test consist of simple past tense, simple present tense and future tense. Through the data, the researcher obtained that 1 student or 4% were included in the highest score or having excellent level. 1 student or 4% were included in good level. Then, 2 students or 9% were included in sufficient level, 20 students or 83% were included in the low score or having fail level. The result revealed that there were still many underprivileged students in learning this subject.
Research on Second Language: Offering New Alternative to Introduce Second Language to Children in Early Age through Youtube Channel
Authors: Daud Enni Akhmad
Published: January 2021

This article is discussing about the children acquisition in second language. It is observing how a child acquires her second language through YouTube. It described the child age 3,7 years habit to watch video through YouTube. The daily notes were taken to see the child’s words, sentences, and also reaction after watching the video intensively for two months. The research observation result shown that a child starts her acquiring by perceiving the language through silent period. She needs 3-5 times to watch a video, and then she is able to imitate words and sentences in video, even though her pronunciation is not fluency yet. Moreover, she does not really understand about the meaning of the words or sentences. It is indicated that the children age 3,7 years old still has difficulties to understand the beyond meaning of the words or sentences. The implication of this research is to show the stages of children in acquiring their second language which is similar to their first language acquisition. Therefore, teaching and learning second language should not be different from teaching and learning first language.
An Analysis of Paragraph Writing Abilities of English Department Students UNM
Authors: Asfah Indrawaty
Published: January 2021

Studies on the errors of linguistic elements in students’ writings have been carried out. Students learning English as a Foreign Language from various universities seem tomake the time same type of errors, for example in aspects of tenses, verb forms, perpositions, subject-verb agreement, word order, and passive contrainst (Rahman et al. 2016; Murrow, 2004; Rahman, 1994; & Rahman & Rasyid). This study is expected to find the weaknessess of students of English Department, Faculty of Languages and Literature in terms of paragraph writing. In particular, this research examined the ability of students to write or develop paragraphsin terms of unity, coherence, and development aspects. The findings of this study will be useful for instructors/lecturers of Writing couses especially in developing syllabus and effective writing exercises.
AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ ANXIETY IN SPEAKING ENGLISH AT MAN I KOLAKA
Authors: Al Hakim Rohima Nur Aziza , Syam Hariadi
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTThis research was aimed to investigate; (1) the factors of students’ anxiety in speaking English; and (2) the strategies used by the students in overcoming their anxiety in speaking English at the first grade of MAN I Kolaka. This research used a mix method namely quantitative and qualitative. In conducting the research, the researcher collected the data by using questionnaire and interview. The participant of this research were 30 students of class X IPA 1. The result of this research showed that the factors of students’ anxiety in speaking English of MAN 1 Kolaka were communicative apprehension, with mean value (3,82) test anxiety with mean value (3,4) fear of negative evaluation with mean value ( 3,67). The result of interviewed showed that there were five strategies that students used to overcome their anxiety in speaking English such as: preparation, relaxation, positive thinking, peer seeking and resignation.
IMPLEMENTING LEARNING MODEL BASED ON INTERACTIVE LEARNING COMMUNITY FOR EFL STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY
Authors: Syatriana Eny , Sakkir Geminastiti
Published: January 2021

The main objective of this study was to investigate speaking ability of Muhammadiyah University students. It is the most intense language ability which is used in communicating with others. Speaking material plays an important role in various language productions. Such conversation can be in the form of discussion, speech, debate, dialogue, storytelling, retelling. The speakers use oral language to express their desires, feelings, thoughts with others, so that people can understand what they want, but there are still many misunderstandings that can affect the students’ mastery of accuracy, fluency, flexibility and comprehensibility. A total number  of 35 students in third semester studens have been involved in this study, who are sampled by using total  sampling technique. From this study, it was found that leaning community can motivate students to speak up effectivelly. The students’ competence in speaking skills of Unismuh Makassar are not fully in line with curriculum expectations in terms of the critical thinking. Therefore,  to achieve the goal of teaching speaking skills, lecturer are required to use the methods that can encourage the leaners’ interest and motivate  more until their speaking skills can be improved. The key words of the learning community method are learning and sharing experiences with others, working with others to create better learning among members of groups enhance the awareness, confidance, and sharing experience. The finding of this study can improve the speaking abiity from learning community stages futhermore it has been answer the researh question  in terms of the application of Learning Community can attract studets participation in oral skill.
Investigating the Influence of Stereotype in Intercultural Communication Towards English Literature Students of Universitas Muslim Indonesia
Authors: Hudriati Andi , Noer Muli Umiaty , Nadifah Naurah
Published: January 2021

This study's objectives explored two prominent cases: (1) the forms of stereotype in Literature Faculty and (2) how the influence of stereotype in intercultural communication toward the students of Literature Faculty. This study applied qualitative research, which explored the stereotype and intercultural communication toward Literature Faculty students. The researcher applied purposive sampling to gain data. There were 15 students participated as the participant, and the data were obtained through interviews. This study shows that stereotypes in Literature Faculty were stereotypes towards Makassar Ethnicity (Rudely) and stereotypes towards Buginese (Uang Panaik it is too expensive). Even though the students learned many negative stereotypes toward Makassarese and Buginese, most students were not affected by these negative stereotypes. The students chose to trust personal experience and establish effective communication with Makassarese and Buginese, which eventually eliminated negative stereotypes towards the Makassarese and Buginese groups.
The Use of Orthography to Increase Young Learners’ Basic Literacy: Spelling Ability
Authors: Harsanti HG Retno
Published: January 2021

The mastery of literacy skills of young learners is essential and fundamental which include reading and writing. Literacy skills are closely related to cognitive abilities that provide knowledge, information, and meaning. Spelling ability is one of the essential skills in reading that must be considered. This study aims to examine the use of orthography to improve the ability to spell in reading. This study was conducted with a qualitative approach through a systematical review method with meta-synthesis as the analysis tool. Data obtained from 4 previous research articles with criteria Q1 Scopus index. The results showed that orthography could improve young learners’ spelling ability.Keywords: orthography, literacy, spelling, reading
Insufficient Higher Order Thinking Skill in Reading Comprehension Exercises of an English Language Textbook
Authors: Dewayani Gracia Putri , Ngadiso Ngadiso , Sarosa Teguh
Published: January 2021

Higher order thinking skill (HOTS) is an important outcome standard of higher education in any discipline. Accordingly, English language textbook should present higher order thinking questions to promote students’ higher order thinking skill. The aim of this research is to analyze the extent to which the higher order thinking skill (HOTS) and the indicators of reading skill are assessed in the reading comprehension exercises. This research used the descriptive analytical method of research, which refers to content analysis. The data are analyzed based on revised Bloom’s taxonomy and reading skill indicators. The findings reveal that: (1) HOTS in the reading comprehension exercises questions only includes analyzing skill and evaluating skill while creating skill is not found; and (2) the indicators of reading skill are not fully assessed from the questions in the reading comprehension exercises in English language textbook for twelfth grade students by Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture. The textbook only assesses topic, explicit meaning, and implicit meaning indicators. Students will not achieve higher order thinking skill and reading skill excellently if they only practice reading comprehension exercises from the textbook.
Development of Basic English Grammar Teaching Materials Based on Situational Approach in English Language Education Study Program of Universitas Muslim Indonesia
Authors: Yunus Muhammad , Abdollah Abdollah
Published: January 2021

This study is a research development of Basic English Grammar teaching materials in the English Language Education Study Program of the Faculty of Literature UMI. This study aims to obtain more effective teaching methods between Oral Approach and Teacher Center Learning or lecture methods.  This research was conducted using the pseudo experiment method (quasi experimental research). Quasi Experimental Design in this design was used by two groups of subjects. One group was given a specific treatment (experiment), while the other was used as a control group. Both groups were given pre-test measurements. After that the group given treatment (Situational Based Approach) is an experimental group, then both groups are done measurement (post-test) or acquisition. Pre-test Group - Treatment - Post-test. Research site at UMI Faculty of Literature. The number of respondents as many as 50 students is divided into two groups, namely the experiment group and the control group of 25 people each. The results   showed that there was a significant difference between the Oral Approach method and the Teacher Center Learning method or the lecture method in improving the student's learning outcomes in Basic English Grammar learning. The cause is that the Oral Approach method has a higher average and improvement compared to   the Teacher Center Learning method or lecture method because the Oral Approach method brings more active students into learning. Although given the same material at the same time, but in oral approach method therefore students are active in the learning process. So, lecturers are just facilitators. While in the method of lecture students are only fixated on the explanation of teachers and students are less active in learning. Therefore, oral approach teaching method is more effective than Teacher Center Learning method on Basic English Grammar teaching.
ABILITY OF READING COMPREHENSION USING COOPERATIVE SCRIPT FOR NON-ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
Authors: Rohmah Hidayatur , Khotimah Khusnul
Published: January 2021

The objectives of this study are implementation, and evaluation using Cooperative Script method in reading comprehension. It also to determine whether or not there is an increase in reading comprehension results using the Cooperative Script method. This research referred as qualitative research, which is an action thought on a particular object. The type of this research is Classroom Action Research. Classroom action research is a digestion of learning activities in the form of an action, which is deliberately raised and occurs in a class together. The process of reading comprehension in this study uses the Cooperative Script method, which consists of 2 cycles of 5 meetings. The first cycle consisted of two meetings and the second cycle of two meetings, one meeting was used for the pre-test. In planning, the researcher compiles a learning implementation plan, makes learning media compile an observation instrument to observe students in learning activities. The process of implementing evaluation in this learning is carried out at the end of each cycle. The assessment is carried out to determine the ability of students' reading comprehension in using the methods that have been applied. The success rate in each cycle has increased, starting from the pre-test which increased on average 45 in cycle I to 61.10 then increased again in cycle II to 72.3. From the results of the assessment it can be proven that the application of the Cooperative Script method can improve students' reading comprehension.
The effect of alloying additives on the magnetic permeability and permittivity of ferrite spinel
Authors: Kostishin V. G. , Vergazov R. M. , Menshova S. B. , Isaev I. M. , Timofeev A. V.
Published: January 2021

Coatings made of the materials that effectively absorb radiation, e.g., ferrite materials, are used to reduce the level of electromagnetic radiation in rooms containing household or industrial equipment. It is known that significant dissipation of the radiation energy is provided by the thickness of the shielding coating which should be comparable to the length of the electromagnetic wave in the material which, in turn, significantly decreases at high values of the magnetic permeability and permittivity of the radio-absorbing material. Ferrite radio-absorbing coatings are characterized by the high heat resistance, low flammability and small (10 – 20 mm) thickness. However, at frequencies less than 40 MHz, plates with a thickness of more than 30 mm are to be used to provide the effective absorption, and the weight and cost of the coatings increase significantly. The results of studying the effect of the sintering temperature and micro-additives of titanium, calcium and bismuth oxides on the dielectric constant of Ni- and Mn-Zn radio-absorbing ferrites are presented. Reactively pure starting oxide components with a basic substance content of more than 99.6 % wt. were used to synthesize samples using traditional oxide technology. It is shown that alloying with bismuth and titanium oxides is rather effective for obtaining radio-absorbing ferrites with a combination of high values of the magnetic permeability and dielectric permittivity. The obtained results can be used in production of ferrite radio- absorbing materials operating in the megahertz range.
Impacto del cambio climático en la evapotranspiración potencial y periodo de crecimiento en México
Authors: Monterroso-Rivas Alejandro Ismael , Gómez-Díaz Jesús David
Published: January 2021

La evapotranspiración potencial (ETP), así como la duración del periodo de crecimiento (PECRE), son indicadores esenciales de planif icación agrícola. Las agendas nacionales y locales deben considerar los escenarios del cambio climático y su impacto en evapotranspiración. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar la distribución espacial de la ETP, el periodo de crecimiento en las condiciones climáticas actuales en todo el país y en escenarios de cambio climático, para contar con elementos técnicos suf icientes que permitan recomendar acciones de adaptación para la producción agrícola nacional. La ETP mensual se estimó a partir de la ETP de referencia (ET0) por el método de Penman-Monteith. Con este parámetro y la precipitación (P) media mensual se evaluó la fecha de inicio, f in y duración del periodo de crecimiento. Se estudiaron 28 escenarios de cambio climático para def inir la alteración de la ETP y su efecto en los PECRE de las zonas agrícolas del país. Se espera que la ETP aumente prácticamente en todo el territorio nacional como consecuencia del incremento generalizado de la temperatura y la disminución de la humedad relativa. Las clases de ETP menores de 1000 mm anuales disminuirán, mientras que las mayores a 1000 mm aumentarán en promedio 20% en el horizonte medio (2040-2069) y casi 50% hacia el horizonte lejano (2070-2099). Al considerar el cambio climático en el PECRE por estado, se observó que en tres de ellos (Baja California Sur, Coahuila y San Luís Potosí) no habría cambio respecto a las condiciones actuales. En el resto de los estados se reducirá el PECRE debido a una combinación de cambio en el inicio y el f inal del periodo de crecimiento. Los estudios cartográf icos permiten realizar el análisis espacial de los resultados, mismos que deben integrarse en la planif icación del uso agrícola del agua. Paralelamente hacen posible avanzar en el diseño de medidas de adaptación al cambio climático con un sólido fundamento técnico.