bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Interplay between Ukraine’s Domestic Legislation on Conflict and Uncontrolled Territories and its Strategic Use of ‘Lawfare’ before Russia’s 2022 Invasion of Ukraine – A Troubled Nexus?
Authors: Rabinovych Maryna
Published: January 2023

Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022 can be seen as a culmination of eight years of its aggression against Ukraine, including its annexation of Crimea in March 2014 and the control of the two ‘People’s Republics’ in Donbas. Before the invasion, the Ukrainian authorities had actively expressed their politico-legal stance on the conflict, using lawfare against the Russian Federation, e.g. at the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), the International Court of Justice (icj), and the International Tribunal of the Law of the Sea (itlos). In this context, the paper explores the interplay between Ukraine’s domestic legislation regarding the annexation of Crimea and Russia’s control of the People’s Republics in Donbas prior to the invasion, and Ukraine’s use of lawfare against Russia with a focus on policy and legal coherence. It is demonstrated that, while Ukraine’s lawfare strategy regarding Crimea had been in line with domestic legislation, Russia’s use of proxies in eastern Ukraine and the challenges of the Minsk peace process led to incoherence between Ukraine’s domestic laws and its use of lawfare. Though Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine is a game-changer, both for Ukraine’s domestic legislation and its use of lawfare, the analysis contributes to an understanding of the nexus between domestic and international law in Ukraine prior to the invasion and explores the implications such a nexus will have for Ukraine’s future lawfare against Russia, including the most recent icj case relating to the interpretation, application, and fulfillment of the 1948 Genocide Convention.
Authoritarian Design: How the Digital Architecture on China’s Sina Weibo Facilitate Information Control
Authors: Brussee Vincent
Published: January 2023

This article analyzes how the governance of digital architecture, such user interfaces, algorithms, and digital features, shapes political interaction and information control in China. It discusses that, to date, studies on social media in China have mostly ignored questions of governance and digital architecture in favour of the dichotomy between censorship of content and civil activism. Instead, this article uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to highlight how information control goes far beyond content management. It demonstrates that as a result of the commercial interests of the platform and regulation by the state, official party and state media accounts wield a disproportionate amount of power on the platform, as interaction among individuals is marginalized. To illustrate the real-world impact, it concludes with a preliminary analysis of Weibo’s coverage of China’s COVID-19 response.
Introduction: Charity, Relief and Humanitarianism as a Means of Maintaining Social and Political Stability in the Middle East. A Longue Durée Analysis of Actors, Categories and Practices
Authors: Naïli Falestin , Napolitano Valentina , Piraud-Fournet Pauline
Published: January 2023

Different forms of charity, relief and humanitarian action can be jointly approached as a means of governance and social regulation. More precisely, in the Middle East the question of stability – social and political – can be considered as a central driver for local and international actors alike. This study adopts a broad historical framework, reaching from antiquity to the present day, with the aim of approaching the subject with an openness conducive to understanding the evolution of the actors, modes of action and representations underlying aid initiatives. The longue durée approach allows to show two main specificities of the modern and contemporary Middle East: firstly, the evolution of aid practices is directly linked to human mobility, since they are connected to religious practices, commerce or violence, which led to the need to take a census, to categorise and sometimes isolate populations in order to govern and control them. Secondly, in the absence of the welfare state as the most important provider of aid, the state has until today in the Middle East much less prominence among the multiplicity of aid providers, such as the family, non-governmental, religious and community organisations.
Equine Strongylidae and other parasitic nematodes described by Arthur Looss during 1895–1911 in the collections of the Swedish Museum of Natural History
Authors: KUZMINA TETIANA , HOLOVACHOV OLEKSANDR
Published: January 2023

Prof. Arthur Looss (1861–1923) was a prolific German parasitologist, who, among other things, authored descriptions of 22 new species of nematodes and 115 new species of trematodes. After his death, his collection (including type material) was split between several institutions: Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History in Washington (USA), Natural History Museum in Berlin and the Natural History Museum in Leipzig (Germany), Gothenburg Museum of Natural History and Swedish Museum of Natural History (Sweden). Here we revise all type specimens of nematodes from the A. Looss collection that are currently preserved in the Swedish Museum of Natural History (Strongylus subtilis, Sclerostomum edentatum, S. vulgare, Cyathostomum labratum, C. coronatum, C. bicoronatum, C. calicatum, C. alveatum, C. catinatum, C. nassatum, C. radiatum, C. elongatum, C. auriculatum, Triodontus minor, T. serratus, C. labiatum and Uncinaria polaris), designate and describe lectotypes wherever deemed necessary and provide catalogue access numbers to all type materials. We also revise all notes and drawings associated with new species that A. Looss described and provide previously unpublished pencilled sketches and ink print-ready drawings of some of these species (Strongylus subtilis, Cyathostomum poculatum, C. radiatum, C. elongatum, C. calicatum, C. auriculatum, Triodontus serratus, Trichostrongylus vitrinus and possibly Necator africanus).
Strongylidium koreanum n. sp. (Protozoa: Ciliophora), a new soil species from South Korea
Authors: CHAE KYU-SEOK , PARK KYUNG-MIN , MIN GI-SIK
Published: January 2023

Strongylidium koreanum n. sp., a new soil ciliate from Jeju Island, South Korea, is described based on live observations, protargol impregnation, and molecular analysis of the 18S rRNA gene sequence. It is characterized by the following morphological features: cell outline more or less fusiform, posterior end broader than anterior end; grayish under low magnification; cortical granules absent; 23–32 adoral membranelles; three enlarged frontal cirri; buccal cirrus and postoral ventral cirrus present; 27–42 left and 15–28 right ventral cirri; 23–36 left and 30–46 right marginal cirri; three dorsal kineties; three caudal cirri; and two macronuclear nodules with two or three micronuclei. Phylogenetic analyses show that Strongylidium is monophyletic.
Towards better understanding the stiffness of nanocomposites via parametric study of an analytical model modeling parameters and experiments
Authors: Demir Eyup Can , McDermott Mark T , Kim Chun ll , Ayranci Cagri
Published: January 2023

The stiffness of polymeric materials can be improved dramatically with the addition of nanoparticles. In theory, as the nanoparticle loading in the polymer increases, the nanocomposite becomes stiffer; however, experiments suggest that little or no stiffness improvement is observed beyond an optimal nanoparticle loading. The mismatch between the theoretical and experimental findings, particularly at high particle loadings, needs to be understood for the effective use of nanoparticles. In this respect, we have recently developed an analytical model to close the gap in the literature and predict elastic modulus of nanocomposites. The model is based on a three-phase Mori-Tanaka model coupled with the Monte-Carlo method, and satisfactorily captures the experimental results, even at high nanoparticle loadings. The developed model can also be used to study the effects of agglomeration in nanocomposites. In this paper, we use this model to study the effects of agglomeration and related model parameters on the stiffness of nanocomposites. In particular, the effects of particle orientation, critical distance, dispersion state and agglomerate property, and particle aspect ratio are investigated to demonstrate capabilities of the model and to observe how optimal particle loading changes with respect these parameters. The study shows that the critical distance defining agglomerates and the properties of agglomerates are the key design parameters at high particle loadings. These two parameters rule the optimal elastic modulus with respect to particle loading. The findings will allow researchers to form design curves and successfully predict the elastic moduli of nanocomposites without the exhaustive experimental undertakings.
Production and characterization of AISI 316L stainless steel matrix hybrid composites reinforced with boron carbide and carbon nanotubes
Authors: Zengin Esra , Ahlatci Hayrettin , Zengin Hüseyin
Published: January 2023

In this study, microstructure, mechanical, tribological and corrosion properties of boron carbide (B4C) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) reinforced hybrid AISI 316L stainless steel matrix nanocomposites were investigated. The AISI 316L stainless steel alloy and 316L-1B4C-1CNT (vol%), 316L-2B4C-2CNT (vol%), 316L-4B4C-4CNT (vol%) composites were fabricated by hot pressing under vacuum conditions. The fabricated samples showed minor porosities regardless of the concentration of B4C and CNT. Microstructure investigations revealed that a slight grain refinement was achieved with increasing incorporation of B4C and CNT. Furthermore, Fe3C and Cr23C6 intermetallics progressively formed along the grain boundaries in the hybrid composites. The hardness, compressive yield strength and wear resistance of 316L stainless steel exhibited continuous improvement with increasing additions of B4C and CNT. However, the hybrid composites exhibited higher susceptibility to pitting corrosion.
FE modeling of woven fabric at the fiber bundle level under ballistic impact
Authors: Yang Yanfei , Wang Zihu , Wang Minghuan , Zhang Yan
Published: January 2023

In previous studies, ballistic impact on the fabric panel was usually simulated at the yarn level, which failed to capture ballistic responses of fibers. This study aims to employ a finite element model based on fiber bundle level to investigate the influence of fabric architecture on ballistic responses. The ballistic performance of fabrics with different architectures was investigated first through ballistic tests. The architecture parameters including aspect ratio of the yarn cross-section and yarn crimp ratio were found to be the dominant factors, which were further investigated through finite element modeling. Finite element results showed that finite element modeling at the fiber bundle level can lead to an increase of frictional energy dissipation during ballistic impact. For the yarn cross-section shape, reduction of the aspect ratio was beneficial on energy absorption due to better fracture synchrony of fibre bundles under impact. The crimp yarn path had a negative effect on stress wave propagation. When yarns were interlaced, the yarn cross-overs in fabric have further hindered the stress wave propagation. In comparison with the low crimp fabric, the fabric with the higher crimp ratio possesses a wider transverse deformation area under impact. Correspondingly, in the high crimp fabric more yarns were involved in the transverse deformation, which resulted in higher energy absorption. However, high stress concentration on the high crimp yarns can result in premature failure of fibers at the impact area. Such results contribute to a further understanding of ballistic responses from different hierarchies of fabric during ballistic impact.
A sustainable desizing process for PVA-sized cotton fabric using ultraviolet C
Authors: Panda Sanjay Kumar Bhikari Charan , Sen Kushal , Mukhopadhyay Samrat
Published: January 2023

The textile industry has an enormous demand for energy and water. The traditional desizing method requires approximately 120 L kg–1 of water to remove size. A sustainable process has been developed using ultraviolet C for polyvinyl alcohol-based textile desizing. With the help of ultraviolet C irradiation, the cotton fabric desizing is accomplished at a lower temperature to save approximately 67% of water, 68% of time, and 83% of energy compared with conventional process without compromising the quality. The treated fabric has been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray diffraction and shows no significant change in the structure of the cotton. Life cycle analysis confirms the new technique is sustainable.
Novel nano BaTiO3-based microwave vacuum treatment for precise and controllable scales stripping of wool fibers
Authors: Zhan Liuxiang , Pei Jiahui , Yuan Jianye , Li Yuling , Ji Feng , Wang Ni
Published: January 2023

Barium titanate nanoparticles were used as a locator to help accurately break the scales on the surface of wool fibers under microwave vacuum treatment, as an anti-felting process of wool with low environmental impact. The nanoparticles loaded by ultrasound are sandwiched between the scales and fibers, which allows the microwave energy concentration to break the scales for the shrink resistance of wool and avoid damaging the main body of fibers synchronously. The friction and mechanical properties of wool under microwave treatment with different power, temperature and processing time were discussed, morphological and chemical analysis of the fibers after treatment was also carried out. The results suggested that compared with the uncoated fibers, the anti-felting performance of the coated fibers after treatment had been significantly improved, while maintaining the mechanical properties, the tip end of the scales on the wool surface were cut off and the volume of the felting ball was increased by 82.3%. The nanoparticles coating the wool were also easily cleaned without residue. This study provided a novel potential approach in the modification of wool fibers for anti-felting.
Social Status and Gendered Pathways to Citizenship
Authors: Money Jeannette , Kazemian Sara , Klotz Audie , Rodriguez Marisella
Published: January 2023

Despite decades of research on naturalization, the relationship between gender and the decision to naturalize is under-theorized. Given that women's lived experiences of migration are distinctive from those of men, we ask whether and how gender plays into immigrants’ naturalization decisions. We explore gendered migration trajectories by incorporating Michael Piore's concept of social status as an additional rationale for naturalization. To better understand immigrants’ naturalization decisions, our research leverages semi-structured interviews conducted in 2018 with immigrants residing in California to illuminate gendered decision-making processes that underpin naturalization choices. We find that naturalization is conditioned by gender when women's status in the origin country differs from their status in the destination country. Where women's rights are less extensive in origin countries, we find that both genders value citizenship in the destination country but for different reasons. Women respondents who enjoyed enhanced status in the destination country valued citizenship because it secured their ability to remain in the destination country, while retaining their ability to visit friends and care for family in their origin country. By contrast, men respondents who lost status in the destination country planned return to their origin country to regain their societal position but valued the destination-country passport as a status symbol in their origin country and because the passport provided enhanced mobility and economic opportunities in the global economy. Where status differences between the origin and destination countries were minimal, gender was not a significant factor in naturalization decisions. We point to a fruitful extension of the research agenda on naturalization by incorporating a theoretical framework that acknowledges gendered migration and naturalization trajectories.
A novel versatile concept of cardioplegia delivery in cardiac surgery: The ReverseTWO cardioplegia circuit system
Authors: Colangelo Nicola , Sala Alessandra , Gallio Giulia , Blasio Andrea , De Simone Francesco , Aina Alessandro , Buffa Antonino , Verzini Alessandro , Alfieri Ottavio , Maisano Francesco , Castiglioni Alessandro , De Bonis Michele
Published: January 2023

Nowadays, the necessity of having a cardioplegia circuit capable of being adapted in order to administer different types of cardioplegia is strategically fundamental, both for the perfusionist and for the cardiac surgeon. This allows to avoid cutting tubes, guarantees sterility and, most of all, limits the number of cardioplegia circuits for the different strategies of cardiac arrest. The novel “ReverseTWO cardioplegia circuit system” is the development of the precedent “Reverse system” where mainly the 4:1 and crystalloid cardioplegia were used, It has the advantage of allowing immediate change of cardioplegia set-up versus four types of cardioplegia technique, when the strategy is unexpectedly changed before the beginning of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), is safe and enables the perfusionist to use one single custom pack of cardioplegia. Two pediatric roller pumps are usually used in our centre for cardioplegia administration; they have a standardized calibration (the leading with ¼ inch and the follower with 1/8 inch) and the circuit consequently has two different tube diameters for the two different pumps. The presence in the circuit of two different shunts coupled with two different coloured clamps allows the immediate set-up for different cardioplegia administration techniques utilizing a colour-coding mechanism The aim of this manuscript is to present the new ReverseTWO Circuit. This novel system allows to administer four different cardioplegic solutions (4:1, 1:4, crystalloid, ematic) based on multiple tubes, which can be selectively clamped, identified through a color-coding method. The specificity of this circuit is the great versatility, which leads to numerous advantages, such as reduced risk of perfusion accident and reduced costs related not only to the purchase of different cardioplegia kits but also to the storage. https://youtu.be/ovJBE4ok2Ds
Researching Silence: A Methodological Inquiry
Authors: Schweiger Elisabeth , Tomiak Kerstin
Published: January 2023

The role of silence has received increasing attention in International Relations, ranging from silence as exclusion to secrecy and performance. Yet, there has been little effort to draw together a more practical, methodological inquiry into silence and how to engage with it in the research processes. This article builds on existing studies on silence and our own research experiences in conducting interviews and text analysis to interrogate the role silence plays in the research process. It aims to develop methodological tools for engaging with silence and offers a practical guide to analysing it from the data generation stage to the interpretation of silence. In doing so, it also contributes to attempts to redefine the meaning of silence in International Relations by including silence as more than an absence.

Une enquête méthodologique sur le silence
The State of the Sublime: Aesthetic Protocols and Global Security
Authors: Austin Jonathan Luke , Leander Anna
Published: January 2023

Security politics is everywhere, its tendrils entangled with every aspect of life. Nonetheless, this hyper-securitised status quo has not interrupted the flow of everyday life, nor the circulation of people, goods, or ideas. For the privileged of the world, a paradox has emerged: war, terrorism, ecological disaster, pandemics, and many other ‘monstrous’ forms of insecurity are now experienced as mundane and manageable phenomena in spite of the exceptional political measures, and more generalised affective states of fear and anxiety, that they have proliferated. How has this occurred? This article argues that aesthetic processes and politics are fundamental to the maintenance of this paradox. To do so, we draw on Bruno Latour’s concept of ‘transfrayeurs’ (trans-fears) to understand how modes of aesthetic design are deployed to simultaneously locate sublime imaginaries of insecurity in our midst while also allowing us to live with, accept, and forget their presence. More specifically, we suggest that trans-fearing is achieved through ‘aesthetic protocols’ that specify principles for designing material, affective, and discursive forms into our lives in ways that allow for the careful ‘calibration’ of how we (unequally) experience a hierarchised, depoliticised, and militarised ‘state of the sublime’ within global security politics.

L’État du sublime : protocoles esthétiques et sécurité mondiale
A prospective comparative evaluation of preoperative stone scoring systems with respect to stone free rate and complications in percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Authors: Haldar Bikram , Sarkar Debansu , Chatterjee Souvik , Pal Dilip Kumar
Published: January 2023

Background:

PCNL outcomes among urologists are different because of the vast heterogeneity in the methods for clinical, academic characterisation and evaluation of surgical outcomes of nephrolithiasis. So assessing the preoperative factors that affect SFR (Stone Free Rate) and complications is critical. Heterogeneity in reporting of PCNL outcomes among different centres has led to the invention of nephrolithotomy scoring systems based on preoperative parameters to better counsel patients contemplating PCNL. The Guy’s stone score, CROES nomogram and the S.T.O.N.E score are seen as predictors of stone-free status (SFS) and complications after PCNL. No universally accepted stone scoring system for predicting SFR and complications after PCNL exists. This is a prospective observational study to compare and analyse the existing stone scoring systems (SSS) and to assess the best parameters to predict PCNL outcomes concerning SFR and complications.

Methods:

This study is done in a tertiary level institute in eastern India which included 200 patients who underwent PCNL from November 2019 to November 2021. The relevant operative parameters were documented and compared to the preoperative factors with the help of nephrolithotomy scoring systems.

Results:

The Guy score, CROES nomogram and S.T.O.N.E. score were accurate in predicting the SFR in patients undergoing PCNL. A new IPGMER preoperative stone scoring system based on the most relevant parameters could be used as an alternative to predict SFR and complications in PCNL.

Conclusion:

The Nephrolithometry scoring systems are simple, straightforward and easily reproducible systems to classify the severity of nephrolithiasis and to stratify the complexity of PCNL.
Ownership Transformations in a Post-Transition Economy: Which Institutions Matter? Evidence from the Polish Banking Sector
Authors: Klepczarek Emilia , Wieczorek Agata
Published: January 2023

In this article, we investigate what kind of institutions affect bank ownership transformations in a post-transition economy. We use statistical data concerning mergers and acquisitions in the Polish banking sector over the thirty years since the political transformation. Our results indicate the significant role of political and cultural institutional dimensions in stimulating ownership transformation. The importance and current deficits in explaining Polish banking ownership transformations are evaluated through institutional analysis, emphasising the path dependence role and the critical junctures that influence the development of institutions. Identifying which institutions matter the most is crucial for post-reform economies when selecting the most effective policies.

Classification codes G21, G32, G34
Understanding Barriers and Facilitators to Online and App Activities for People Living With Dementia and Their Supporters
Authors: Lee Abigail R. , McDermott Orii , Orrell Martin
Published: January 2023

Background

Stigma often surrounds people with dementia when it comes to use of computer technology, although evidence does not always support this. More understanding is needed to investigate attitudes and experience in relation to computer technology use among those living with dementia and their readiness to use it to support self-management.

Methods

An online self-report questionnaire was completed by adults living with a dementia diagnosis and those living with them. Questions explored how long the participants had been using computer technology; how regularly they used it; the popularity of common communication apps; and whether they were interested in using an app to support their independence.

Results

47 participants with dementia and 62 supporters responded to the questionnaire. There were no obvious differences between those with dementia and supporters when it came to regular technology usage and both groups showed positive attitudes to the use of it for independence in dementia.

Conclusions

There was active use of computer technology among this population. Benefits were shown to include communication, increasing individuals’ understanding of dementia diagnoses, and enabling independent activities for both those with dementia and supporters.
Effects analysis of thermo-mechanical loads on classified damage characteristics with the equivalent cylinder head model
Authors: Yang Wenjun , Kang Xin , Pang Jianchao , Yan Xin , Sui Dongdong , Wang Lei
Published: January 2023

As a vulnerable part of diesel engine, cylinder head is periodically subjected to the thermo-mechanical coupling loads. While due to the restriction of complex structures and working conditions, it makes the damage mechanism of thermo-mechanical coupling still unclear. In this research, thermo-mechanical responses are predicted successfully by load spectrums and the Sehitoglu theory. Then the effects of working loads on classified damage characteristics are analyzed with the equivalent cylinder head model. The results show that the deviations of temperature and stress are, respectively, within 10°C and 30 MPa, and it verifies the effectiveness of simulated component. Operating speed takes the greatest effect on the thermo-mechanical characteristics, and bolt force and gas pressure are negatively correlated with the responses of stress and strain. Fatigue life and damage are determined by the values of working loads. The effect of temperature load is the most dominant, MechDam and OxidDam increase substantially when operating speed exceeds 3500 r/min. The research will provide a theoretical reference for engineering design and optimization of cylinder head.
Experimental investigation on the heat transfer performance of falling film with deionized water on horizontal tubes
Authors: Yan Yan , Weichao Wang , Zhao Pan , Xiufeng Gao
Published: January 2023

Taking deionized water as working fluid, an experimental study was conducted to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of falling film evaporation outside horizontal aluminum tube with inner diameters of 10 mm and 14 mm. The effect of spray density, heat transfer temperature, evaporation temperature, tube diameter, outlet vapor quality and degree of undercooling on overall heat transfer coefficient outside the tube was analyzed. The results show that the overall heat transfer coefficient increases with increasing evaporation temperature and tube diameter while decreases with increasing heat transfer temperature difference and outlet vapor quality. On other hand, the overall heat transfer coefficient increases with increasing spray density firstly, then decreases slightly. The effect of outlet vapor quality can be neglect.
Book review: Flavia Gasbarri, US Foreign Policy and the End of the Cold War in Africa: A Bridge Between Global Conflict and the New World Order, 1988–1994
Authors: Jyotika Jaya
Published: January 2023

Flavia Gasbarri, US Foreign Policy and the End of the Cold War in Africa: A Bridge Between Global Conflict and the New World Order, 1988–1994, Routledge, Abingdon, 2020, 256 pp.
Judgments on the selection of the seats of EU agencies: Challenges and what will change
Authors: Buchta Tomáš
Published: January 2023

The process of the selection of the seats of an EU agency has been an intergovernmental decision-making between the EU Member States, in most cases separated from the EU legislative process related to the establishment and functioning of the agency. The Court of Justice had a possibility to assess the legality of this hybrid process and decided that the power to determine the seat of EU agency belongs solely to the EU co-legislators. The three judgments in five cases contain several contentious points regarding the interpretation of Article 341 TFEU, which will be analyzed in this case note. In addition, its purpose will be also to assess the implications of the judgments to future decision-making process related to the selection of seats of EU agencies.
Outcome and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Long-acting G-CSF as Primary Prophylaxis of Neutropenia Induced by Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients, From a Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Yaqin , Zhao Chenglong , Ma Peizhi , Jiang Dandan
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This retrospective analysis aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of long-acting granulocyte-colony stimulating factor as primary prophylaxis of neutropenia caused by chemotherapy for breast cancer.

Methods

Patients with breast cancer who received long- or short-acting granulocyte-colony stimulating factor as primary prophylaxis of neutropenia were enrolled in this study, and incidences of neutropenia were compared between two groups. A decision-analytic and a Markov model were used to compare the health benefits and costs of utilizing long- vs short-acting granulocyte-colony stimulating factor as the primary prophylaxis from the perspective of the Chinese health service system. Subsequently, one-way deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated in baseline and sensitivity analyses.

Results

Patients receiving long-acting granulocyte-colony stimulating factor as the primary prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia experienced a significant lower incidence of this adverse event, compared with the short-acting one for 2 to 7 days. The outcomes of baseline analysis indicated that long-acting granulocyte-colony stimulating factor had a gain of 0.08 quality-adjusted life years and costed $149 more than the short-acting one, yielding an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $1792 per quality-adjusted life year. The sensitivity analysis proved the stability of our models and economic efficiency of long-acting granulocyte-colony stimulating factor.

Conclusions

Patients receiving long-acting granulocyte-colony stimulating factor as primary prophylaxis of neutropenia experienced lower risk of this event compared with those underusing short-acting one. The long-acting granulocyte-colony stimulating factor may be a more cost-effective strategy for primary prophylaxis of neutropenia than short-acting one, considering the Chinese willingness-to-pay threshold of $12158.6 per quality-adjusted life year.
Double Legendre polynomial quadrature-free method for axisymmetric vibration of functionally graded piezoelectric circular plates
Authors: Zhou Hongmei , Han Kangle , Elmaimouni Lahoucine , Wang Xianhui , Yu Jiangong
Published: January 2023

A double Legendre polynomial quadrature-free method was presented to analyze axisymmetric free vibration problem for axially polarized Functionally Graded Piezoelectric circular plates. The present analytical method directly incorporated the boundary conditions into the vibration control equation. At the same time, the mechanical displacements and the electrical potential were defined as the form of double Legendre polynomials series. Then, the solution of eigenvalue was used to obtain the resonant/anti-resonant frequencies. In view of including lots of time-consuming integration calculations, the quadrature-free process was deduced to improve the computational efficiency. The valid of the presented method was verified by the comparison with the existing literature and the commercial software COMSOL. Furthermore, the effects of the material gradient index, radius-thickness ratio on the frequencies, and electro-mechanical coupling efficient were studied. The results showed that the frequency-radius product tends to be stable with the increase of the radius-thickness ratio, and the increase of gradient index led to the increase of the frequency-radius product.
‘You get looked at like you’re failing’: A reflexive thematic analysis of experiences of mental health and wellbeing support for NHS staff
Authors: Clarkson Corinne , Scott Hannah R , Hegarty Siobhan , Souliou Emilia , Bhundia Rupa , Gnanapragasam Sam , Docherty Mary Jane , Raine Rosalind , Stevelink Sharon AM , Greenberg Neil , Hotopf Matthew , Wessely Simon , Madan Ira , Rafferty Anne Marie , Lamb Danielle
Published: January 2023

Staff in the National Health Service (NHS) are under considerable strain, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic; whilst NHS Trusts provide a variety of health and wellbeing support services, there has been little research investigating staff perceptions of these services. We interviewed 48 healthcare workers from 18 NHS Trusts in England about their experiences of workplace health and wellbeing support during the pandemic. Reflexive thematic analysis identified that perceived stigma around help-seeking, and staffing shortages due to wider socio-political contexts such as austerity, were barriers to using support services. Visible, caring leadership at all levels (CEO to line managers), peer support, easily accessible services, and clear communication about support offers were enablers. Our evidence suggests Trusts should have active strategies to improve help-seeking, such as manager training and peer support facilitated by building in time for this during working hours, but this will require long-term strategic planning to address workforce shortages.
Desirable work: Creative autonomy and the everyday turn in game production
Authors: Young Chris J
Published: January 2023

Based on an ethnography of gamemaking in the Toronto game development scene, I introduce the concept of the everyday gamemaker to reveal how the everyday turn of game production work has transformed the identities of gameworkers. Whereas, previous research has documented the extensive self-exploitation and willingness of creative workers to accept difficult and precarious working conditions, I uncover how everyday gamemakers “make-do” with these modes of cultural production by their desires to going it alone as independent gamemakers, establish second careers through employment and craft work, and find professional development opportunities to make games. I argue these desires shape the nuanced work and leisure identities of everyday gamemakers and evoke their widespread struggle to achieve creative autonomy in the circuits of game production.
Residual stresses study in butt welded joint of Inconel 617 alloy and effect of post weld heat treatment on residual stresses
Authors: Kumar Rajiv , Dey Harish Chandra , Pradhan Arun Kumar , Mahapatra Manas Mohan , Pandey Chandan
Published: January 2023

Distribution of weld-induced residual stress plays a significant effect on the service life of a welded component. The accumulation of high residual stress accelerates the crack propagation even if the crack is of microscopic level, reducing the service life of the welded component. Prior understanding of residual stress distribution can aid in the design of a component with an adequate factor of safety and reduce the probability of failure. In the present study, two separate circumferential butt welded pipes were fabricated using Alloy 617 and then subjected to post weld heat treatment) at 720°C and 980°C. The deep hole drilling method was used to measure the distribution of residual stress. The fabrication of the welded joint was done using the hot-wire TIG welding process. High welding speeds are possible with hot-wire tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding because it uses less heat than conventional TIG welding. Using hot-wire TIG welding, the welded joint's mechanical properties, such as hardness, are improved in addition to its metallurgical properties. The computational approach is provided to analyze temperature and residual stress fields in multi-pass TIG welds with different passes. Based on ABAQUS FEA software, a coupled thermomechanical computational approach was developed to analyze the residual stress distribution on the welded joint. A 3D finite element model for Alloy 617 tube was created to estimate the welding stress field in two separate multi-pass welded joints. Mixed hardening model (kinematic and isotropic) was used during the numerical analysis. The effectiveness of the computational approach was verified with experimental measurements. The magnitude of hoop and axial residual stresses were observed to be maximum at a depth of 6 mm from the upper surface. The stress gradient in the welded zone and heat-affected zone is dramatically reduced by 70–80% of the as-welded condition during the post weld heat treatment at 980°C.
Gerontological social workers’ perspectives about the future at the start of a COVID-19 vaccination program: A photovoice study
Authors: Dias Sofia Fontoura , Araújo Lia , Sousa Liliana
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic is a continuing public health crisis, although it has lessened in its intensity since the start of worldwide vaccination programs. In aged care facilities, gerontological social workers have become frontline professionals facing multiple challenges and demands. One year after the first COVID-19 case in Portugal, during the second major lockdown in the country, and with vaccination starting in these facilities, a photovoice program to identify the experiences of these professionals was developed. This study aimed to understand how gerontological social workers foresee the future of practice and intervention with older adults. A thematic analysis was conducted based on the photographs and associated narratives from 10 participants, all female, aged between 22 and 35 years, who attended a program’s session.

Findings

Three themes were identified with the thematic analysis: (1) personal and professional growth (with renewed life perspectives and increased resilience), (2) reinvention of intervention (with improved management of emotions, teamwork, and alternative ways of intervening), and (3) hope to use the lessons learned (hope that vaccination will bring conditions to recover the older adults’ well-being and opportunities to use the good lessons learned).

Applications

These findings are relevant to inform policymakers and governments about practices in aged care facilities and to improve the training of gerontological social workers in acute action management and intervention. We stress alternative ways of intervening that came up in the response to the pandemic such as emotional management, digital technology, communication strategies, self-care, or the families’ involvement.
Increasing Food Consumption With an Antecedent and Reinforcement-Based Treatment Generalized Via Telehealth
Authors: Tereshko Lisa , Weiss Mary Jane , Granfield Amanda
Published: January 2023

We report a case with a 7-year-old girl with autism spectrum disorder and anxiety disorder who had severe restrictive eating leading to various medical concerns raised by her pediatrician. Following medical consultation and a descriptive functional assessment, a therapist implemented behavioral intervention consisting of a visual cue, choice, and differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors. The intervention was focused on both in-home meals and telehealth consultation during mealtimes, as the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated moving to remote consultation for continued treatment. The success of this study has long-standing implications for the benefits of positive feeding interventions and telehealth as well as parental training strategies.
Conversations from around the coffee table: Exploring subaltern leadership
Authors: Carranza Mirna , Melara-López Nora , Antelo Maria , Ríos Inés
Published: January 2023

Moving towards social justice requires a deconstruction of the current work and leadership systems that contribute to and are rooted in oppression. (Re) visioning leadership must exist outside to dismantle the dominant discourses. In the community, social justice work has the opportunity to use love and hope to guide the processes. This article presents the findings from our, the coauthor’s convivio – we are a group of women living in Canada, members of the Central American and South American diaspora. We gathered around a coffee table to discuss how leadership currently operates and the possibilities for a more collective future. What we term “subaltern leadership” represents the how we navigate our positions as leaders amidst marginalization as newcomers and as women. What evolved in this dialogue was the question of “can the subaltern lead in the current structure and nature of work?”. The findings support the notion that representation is only the beginning and can mirror tokenism when the same structures remain. To truly support subaltern leadership, a more radical shift must occur.
Sharps and needlestick injuries within the operating room: Risk prone procedures and prevalence meta-analysis
Authors: Bevan Victoria , Blake Paul , Radwan Rami Nigel , Azzopardi Ernest
Published: January 2023

Background:

Sharps and needlestick injuries pose a serious risk to operating theatre personnel with considerable morbidity, mortality and healthcare implications. The cost of prophylaxis and post-exposure treatment is a significant institutional economic burden.

Aim:

The aim of the review was to identify the prevalence of sharps and needlestick injury within the operating theatre and to establish the most common critical steps.

Method:

A systematic literature search was conducted. Abstracts of all studies published in English from 2015 onwards exploring sharps and needlestick injury within the operating theatre were reviewed. Primary outcome measure was sharps and needlestick injury prevalence. Secondary outcome measures included operational steps resulting in sharps and needlestick injury and costs of sharps and needlestick injury management.

Results:

Sixteen studies were identified and included in analysis. Cross-sectional studies reported a pooled prevalence of 41.5% (n = 537; 95% confidence interval = 15.961 to 70.220). Retrospective data analysis reported an annualised prevalence of 5.027% (95% confidence interval = 0.676 to 13.073) on a total pooled sample population of 12,929. Further analysis of operational steps identified a 22% prevalence (n= 3460; 95% confidence interval = 14.2 to 31.3) of sharps and needlestick injury occurring during a procedure involving handing or receiving an instrument.

Conclusion:

Sharps and needlestick injuries are a significant but preventable risk in the operating theatre. Further research into the development of safety devices to reduce injury during instrument transfer is paramount.
“Everything That’s Hard Got Harder”: Preservice Teachers’ Attempts at Rigorous and Responsive Instruction During Pedagogical Rehearsals in the COVID Pandemic
Authors: Stroupe David , Christensen Julie
Published: January 2023

At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, our teacher preparation program shifted to an online setting, disrupting a key feature of practice-based teacher preparation: preservice science teachers’ (PSTs) approximation of rigorous and responsive instruction during extended pedagogical rehearsals, called macroteaching. Given this unplanned shock to their preparation, we examined how PSTs viewed macroteaching and their evolving participation in the teaching rehearsal. Using a situative perspective, we collected multiple forms of data. We found that although PSTs wanted to enact rigorous and responsive instruction, their participation was deeply affected by the sudden shift to an online setting. Our analysis of video-recorded lessons confirmed PSTs’ observations that their instruction became less rigorous and responsive over time. We conclude with questions about teacher preparation during the pandemic.
World Christianity 2023: A Gendered Approach
Authors: Zurlo Gina A. , Johnson Todd M. , Crossing Peter F.
Published: January 2023

This article marks the 39th year of including statistical information on World Christianity and mission in the International Bulletin of Mission Research. This year’s focus is on women in World Christianity, highlighting results of the Women in World Christianity Project from the Center for the Study of Global Christianity (2019–2021). Although women make up the majority in Christian congregations worldwide, massive data gaps still exist that hinder women’s full recognition in Christian organizations. World Christianity can be considered a women’s movement because women are more likely than men to self-identify as Christian, participate in Christian activities, and actively pass the faith to the next generation. However, a chronic lack of gender-conscious data collection makes it extremely difficult to provide a nuanced picture of women’s full participation in Christian communities worldwide.
Environmental city-regionalism in China: War against air pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region
Authors: Wang Weikai , Wu Fulong , Zhang Fangzhu
Published: January 2023

The state remains central in contemporary environmental politics and policies, although environmental governance increasingly involves neoliberal and non-state mechanisms. Environmental management in China holds features of an ‘environmental state’ and has been undergoing continuous restructuring, manifested by a recent city-regionalism turn. Informed by the theories of eco-state restructuring (ESR) and eco-scalar fix, this paper investigates air pollution management in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region by tracing the practices of environmental and territorial governance over the past decades. Through the analysis of parameters of the eco-state, this paper conceptualises the air pollution governance in China into three phases, namely pollutants emission control (the 1990s–2005), campaign-style regional governance (2006–2012) and city-regionalism in air quality governance (2013 onwards). We find that the central state plays proactive but different roles in each phase, characterised by state strategic selectivity, adjustments of state apparatus, deployment of a set of policy instruments, and enhanced state capacities for monitoring, control and legitimation. In this context, the city-regional level has become the key scale at which environmental regulations are targeted and the economic and environmental realms are being (re)formed. This state-led eco-scalar fix process to cope with urgent environmental issues explains the underlying rationality of building up the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region as a new national strategic project.