bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community structure of zooplankton in seagrass beds in the bay of Balikpapan City, East Kalimantan
Authors: Putri Aprilia Kartini , Jailani Jailani , Nurfadilah Nurfadilah
Published: February 2025

Zooplankton is a component in the food chain that has an important role in the production value of an ecosystem, this is because zooplankton is the main connecting link between phytoplankton and nekton. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of zooplankton found in the seagrass beds of Balikpapan Bay and to determine the value of diversity, uniformity and dominance of zooplankton in the waters of Balikpapan Bay. Measurement of water quality parameters was carried out at the Water Quality Laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences. This research was conducted in November - December 2022 in the waters of the Bay of Balikpapan City using the consideration method (Purposive Sampling Method) to determine the research station and use the method Sedgewick Rafter for the identification stage the data were analyzed by calculating zooplankton abundance, diversity index, uniformity index and dominance index, then the data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The abundance of zooplankton in the waters of Balikpapan City Bay consisted of 2 classes, namely copepods and oligotrichea, while for the abundance of zooplankton the results were different at station 1, the value was 1134 ind/L at station 2, the result was 567 ind/L and at station 3, the value was obtained 252 ind/L for station 1 and 2 of the highest species is the crime of murderand at station 3 the highest species Tintinnopsis open. The diversity index value in Balikpapan Bay waters is categorized as moderate species, the uniformity index value in Balikpapan Bay waters is categorized as relatively stable and the dominance index value in Balikpapan Bay waters is categorized as no dominant species.
Factors affecting amplang production in Samarinda City, East Kalimantan Province
Authors: Augusta Yanisa , Haqiqiansyah Gusti , Fahrizal Wahyu
Published: February 2025

This study uses several factors of production, namely capital, labor (HOK), and raw materials. The aims of this study were: (1) to determine the influence of production factors such as capital, labor (HOK) and raw materials; and (2) to find out what problems or obstacles are experienced during running a business. This research was conducted in Samarinda City, East Kalimantan Province. Primary data is obtained by observing and recording (observation) directly at the research location/object to be studied, as well as using direct interview techniques with respondents, namely business owners/employees. The sampling method for this research was carried out using a purposive sampling method, the samples selected based on these criteria were 30 businessmen processing amplangs/respondents. Methods of data analysis in this study used: (1) multiple linear regression analysis; (2) statistical test; (3) classic assumption test; and (4) descriptive analysis using computerized calculation tools such as Microsoft Excel Software and SPSS (Statistical Product And Service Solutions). The results showed that: Simultaneously (together), the capital input variable (X1), labor input (HOK) (X2) and raw material input (X3) had a significant effect on the amplang production variable (Yi), while partially, only labor input (HOK) (X2) and raw material input (X3) had a significant effect on the amplang production variable (Yi). The problems experienced by amplang processors were a decline in sales during the Covid-19 pandemic and a lack of availability of fish raw materials.
Horizons of Practice
Authors: Jansen Stef
Published: February 2025

This article traces transformations of everyday lives in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), with a focus on their horizons of practice, that is on the spatial reach of people’s actions. Placing everyday routines in the sweep of large-scale processes that have marked the thirty years since BiH’s declaration of independence, it detects a paradox. On the one hand, people’s horizons of practice in BiH have contracted due to new state borders, ethnonationalist segmentation, war, economic disconnections and visa regimes. On the other hand, these horizons have also expanded, as routines of work, consumption and communication have been reconfigured through displacement, supervised statehood and semiperipheral incorporation into a changing global capitalist order. Focusing on selected practices of mobility and of social reproduction, the article explores the sometimes unexpected entanglements of such processes of localization and globalization in the EU semiperiphery.
Pertimbangan Hakim Dalam Menjaga Keseimbangan Kepentingan Pihak Utama Dan Pihak Ketiga (Kajian Putusan Nomor: 1371/Pdt.P/2023/PN Jkt.Brt)
Authors: Erowati Eti Mul , Subekti Imam , Shalsadilla Shavira , Wahyudi Sugeng
Published: February 2025

Tujuan dilaksanakannya riset ini guna menganalisis cara hakim menjaga keseimbangan kepentingan antara pihak utama dan pihak ketiga dalam putusan perdata, khususnya dalam konteks perjanjian kawin. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan yakni pendekatan kualitatif. Data utama diperoleh dari dokumen putusan pengadilan dan analisis kasus serupa. Temuan penelitian menampikan bahwasanya hakim dalam putusan nomor 1371/Pdt.P/2023/PN Jkt.Brt mempertimbangkan dengan cermat ketentuan hukum yang berlaku, bukti-bukti yang diajukan, argument hukum, dan dampak social-ekonomi dari Keputusan tersebut.
Evaluation of the Selection of Low-Bed Trailers in the Transportation of Oversized and Overweight Cargo: A Hybrid Picture Fuzzy CRITIC-MARCOS Model
Authors:   Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Business, Kadir Has University, Istanbul, Turkey, Görçün Ömer Faruk , İyigün Ismail ,   Vocational School of Social Sciences, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
Published: February 2025

Project logistics consists of operational processes that require attention, especially involving the transportation of heavy and sensitive loads. Trailer selection is a critical factor for the successful completion of projects, as trailers play a fundamental role in the safe and efficient transportation of loads. The characteristics of the cargo to be transported and the transportation requirements affect the type and characteristics of the trailer. Choosing the wrong trailer can lead to disruption of projects, additional costs, safety risks, and environmental damage. In addition, the use of improper equipment can compromise road safety and cause legal problems. Therefore, the choice of trailers is of great importance. The presence of many criteria in the selection process complicates this process. The excess of influencing factors requires the use of multi-criteria decision-making methods. This study presents a roadmap to guide decision-makers in selecting trailers for project logistics and heavy transportation using a hybrid decision-making procedure. This procedure combines the Picture Fuzzy CRITIC method, which is a multi-criteria decision-making technique that deals with subjective and imprecise information, and the MARCOS method, which is a multi-criteria decision-making technique that identifies the best alternative based on the shortest distance from the positive ideal solution and the farthest distance from the negative ideal solution. The results show that carrying capacity is more critical than economic criteria. The results of a comprehensive robustness test confirm the results obtained in the study.
Fractal Loop Quantum Gravity and Causal Dynamical Triangulation Integration (FLQG-CDT)
Authors: zhou changzheng , zhou ZIQING
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a novel quantum gravity framework that integrates FractalLoop Quantum Gravity (FLQG) with Causal Dynamical Triangulation (CDT). Byintroducing the concept of fractal geometry, we construct a self-similar spacetimemanifold and derive the fractal action, dynamic dimension evolution equations,and modified constraint algebra. Theoretical predictions include corrections toblack hole entropy, gravitational wave dispersion effects, and TeV-scale jet anoma?lies. Numerical calculations indicate that the fractal dimension evolution parameterβ = 0.12 aligns with Planck satellite observational data. Furthermore, we proposeexperimental verification schemes based on the LISA gravitational wave detectorand LHC jet experiments, opening new avenues for testing quantum gravity theo?ries.
The Myth of Eternal Return and the Politics of Judicial Review
Authors: Moyn Samuel
Published: February 2025

"Some people see in all earthly things only a dreary cyclical movement," Heinrich Heine wrote around 1833.1 "In contrast to the fatal and indeed fatalistic view," he added, "there is a brighter view, more closely related to the idea of providence." As Heine described it, from this alternative perspective "all earthly things are maturing towards a beautiful state of perfection ... a higher, godlike condition of the human race, whose moral and political struggles will at last lead to the holiest peace, the purest brotherhood, and the most everlasting happiness." Constitutionalism is an ancient idea, albeit one long associated with the form of regimes in general rather than self-governance under written charters that lay down fundamental law.4 As such, constitutionalism began its life linked to "dreary cyclical" stories of rise and decline, improvement and decadence, splendor and ruin. In doing so, it repurposed archaic thinking from even earlier to descry the direction of constitutional politics. But modern constitutionalism, especially the neo-providentialist form that many Americans have learned to associate with self-governance under a written document, is not the same as the archaic or the ancient. It works with a dualism of fundamental and ordinary law that owes its sources to Christian theology, making it difficult for any Americans to embrace fully the stories of proud ascendancy and inevitable fall in which the archaic imagination and then ancient Greeks and Romans trafficked so long.
Repetitive Negative Thinking during Pregnancy: The Role of Biased Information Seeking and Negative Prenatal Expectations
Authors: Mazidi  , Davies Elaina , Grafton Ben , Moulds Michelle Leanne , Newby Jill , MacLeod Colin
Published: February 2025

Repetitive Negative Thinking (RNT) during pregnancy is a key risk factor for psychopathology in the perinatal period. However, the cognitive mechanisms underlying prenatal RNT remain poorly understood. Recent research has suggested that a tendency to volitionally seek negative rather than positive information (i.e., biased information seeking) may contribute to the formation of more negative prenatal expectations, which in turn predict elevated prenatal RNT. The current study aimed (i) to replicate the findings of a previous study that demonstrated associations between expectations about parenthood, biased information seeking about parenthood-related information, and RNT, and (ii) examine the generality of the observed effects beyond parenthood by investigating whether biased information seeking and negative expectations show similar associations with prenatal RNT across the other two main domains of prenatal RNT, i.e., pregnancy and childbirth. A total of 126 first-time expecting mothers were recruited online and completed a task that assessed biased information seeking, along with questionnaires measuring prenatal RNT and expectations. Replicating previous findings, biased information seeking predicted stronger negative expectations, which in turn predicted higher prenatal RNT. These effects were consistent across the domains of pregnancy, childbirth, and parenthood, supporting the generality of the findings across these domains. These findings have important implications for expectation-focused interventions and cognitive bias modification procedures aimed at reducing prenatal RNT.
Privacy and Content Over Time: The Role of Agreement in Fourth Amendment Analysis
Authors: Jolls Christine
Published: February 2025

Like many legal systems around the world, the American system protects the "right to privacy," or, as Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis famously put it, the "right to be let alone." Although Warren and Brandeis's formulation has profoundly influenced privacy law, a moment of thought reveals that most of us do not wish to be entirely "let alone." An individual wholly surrounded by a cocoon of solitude—for instance, the Russian mathematician whodeclined the equivalent of a Nobel Prize because he preferred to remain secluded in his mother's St. Petersburg home—is a rarity (and usually at least somewhat of an oddity). Although we do not want our homes or property to be open for inspection at all times we usually want the police to be able to come in and take a look when we have been victims of a burglary.
Suppression-induced forgetting: A pre-registered replication of the Think/No-Think paradigm. Stage 1 report: In-Principle Acceptance for the Journal Memory.
Authors: Wiechert Sera , Ben-Shakhar Gershon , Verschuere Bruno , Pertzov Yoni , Wessel Ineke , Fawcett Jonathan
Published: February 2025

Post-traumatic stress disorder is characterised by recurring memories of a traumatic experience as well as the deliberate avoidance of those memories in order to forget. However, can intentional suppression really lead to forgetting? The Think/No-Think (TNT) task has been used widely in the laboratory to study suppression-induced forgetting. The idea is that actively suppressing the retrieval of a memory when faced with a reminder reduces its strength, and hence, the memory can become inaccessible across multiple suppression attempts. During the TNT task, participants first learn a series of cue-target word pairs (e.g., WAFFLE-MAPLE). Subsequently, they are presented with a subset of the cue-words and are instructed to either think (respond items) or not think about the corresponding target (suppression items; baseline items are not shown). Successful suppression-induced forgetting is thought to reduce recall of the suppressed items compared to baseline items in subsequent memory tests. Although recent meta-analyses have reported small-to-moderate effect sizes in this paradigm, the current replication represents a collaborative effort to evaluate this paradigm following pre-registration. In particular, we propose an online experimenter-present version inclusive of both the same- (e.g., WAFFLE) and independent-probe (e.g., TREE-M) tests in English-speaking healthy individuals using a direct suppression instruction.
Very Like a Law Professor: An Essay in Honor of Tom Ulen
Authors: Ayres Ian
Published: February 2025

This Essay explores the future of law and economics. The author begins by reviewing Tom Ulen’s attempts at predicting the field’s future in 1997 at his lecture “Very Like a Whale.” He then follows Tom Ulen’s idea that law and economics scholars might do well to engage in more “controlled experiments” to make his own set of predictions. His first prediction is that law and economics scholars during the next decade will exploit regression discontinuity to tease out the causal impact of legal rules. Next, he predicts that law and economics scholars will exploit unintended experiments to tease out causal impacts of the law. Finally, the author predicts that law and economics scholars will, with the help of government officials, conduct intentional experiments to tease out causal impacts of the law.
Fear of Theory
Authors: Shapiro Scott
Published: February 2025

Legal Reasoning and Political Conflict. Cass R. Sunstein. Oxford University Press 1996. Pp x, 220. Fourteen years after he published A Theory of Justice, John Rawls surprised his many readers by announcing that he no longer believed his celebrated theory to be true. Not that he believed it was false either: rather, he had come to think that any such theory must refrain from taking a position on its own validity. To claim the "truth" for one's own point of view, Rawls worried, might be construed as excessively partisan. Liberal theories of justice must not only preach tolerance for other ways of life, but for other theories as well.
Building virtual patients for training mental health professionals
Authors: Staples Patrick , Clarke Patrick , Leininger Carly , Principato Cristiana , Shafiei Mario , Goodwin Guy , Ryslik Gregory , Dougherty Robert F.
Published: February 2025

We present a framework for developing “virtual patients” to augment training for Mental Health Professionals (MHPs) with a process that is more scalable and systematic than current practice which relies on human role-play for the training and evaluation of patient interaction. We show how to combine large language models, retrieval-augmented personification (a novel variant of retrieval-augmented generation), and custom code-based logic to create a psychology engine that simulates realistic patient responses by emulating several key psychological mechanisms: short- and long-term memory, varying levels of conscious awareness about topics (as well as modulation of such awareness), and dynamic mood states where attitudes toward topics of conversation evolve over the course of the dialogue. We also describe algorithms for creating realistic patients with coherent symptom profiles and backstories. Taken together, these tools produce a realistic training partner for an MHP, enabling both training-at-scale as well as automated evaluation of specific skill sets. We discuss how our psychology engine framework makes training qualified MHPs more efficient and scalable, facilitates the continuing education needed as potential new treatments such as psychedelics emerge from clinical trials.
Temporal Relationships between Mood and Eating across Eating Disorders: A Network Approach
Authors: Kahveci Sercan , Reichenberger Julia , Arend Ann-Kathrin , Mansueto Alessandra , Freichel René , Voderholzer Ulrich , Blechert Jens
Published: February 2025

Emotions and eating bidirectionally influence each other in eating disorders, contributing to the observed symptomatology. Network modelling can reveal these relationships, but it has rarely been conducted with prospective, naturalistic data. We explored networks looking at prospective relationships between negative and positive emotions on one hand and transdiagnostic eating-related behaviors (hunger, food craving, and calorie intake) on the other. These variables were assessed six times a day across eight days in female participants with Binge-Eating Disorder (BED, N=37), Bulimia Nervosa (BN, N=42), and Anorexia Nervosa of the binge-purge (AN-BP, N=26) and restrictive (AN-R, N=29) subtypes. Most prominent were associations of calorie intake with subsequent negative affect, seen in every group, particularly in BN. We also observed several possible affect-mediated pathways for restriction: in BN and AN-BP, hunger predicted reduced negative affect, and there were clear restriction- and hunger-promoting feedback loops mediated by emotional responses; in AN-R, depression predicted less hunger and desire-to-eat. We also observed differing patterns of emotional eating. AN-R showed positive emotional eating, with happiness predicting desire-to-eat and thereby eating. BED showed negative emotional eating, with worry predicting subsequent hunger and desire-to-eat, and irritation predicting calorie intake. AN-R and BN showed bored eating, while AN-BP showed no negative emotional eating whatsoever. Lastly, when it comes to emotional experience, patients with AN-BP experienced the most intense and persistent negative affect across the sample, and their network was most dissimilar to that of AN-R, supporting their study as a separate group with elevated emotional distress.
A large-scale survey of patterns in the beliefs in science, the supernatural, spirituality, and magic in secular Denmark.
Authors: Christensen Ken Ramshøj , Clasen Mathias
Published: February 2025

This study explored interactions between supernatural beliefs and age, gender, sex, and education, and correlations of various beliefs, which so far, has not received sufficient attention in the scientific literature. We present data from a large survey of the Danish population, showing that some types of supernatural beliefs are somewhat widespread in Denmark (with some beliefs, e.g. angels, being much more prevalent than others, e.g. vampires), but much less so than in Sweden and in particular the USA. Supernatural beliefs are non-randomly distributed and fall into meaningful clusters, including clusters of spiritualism and magical thinking. Our analysis shows a strong correlation between biological sex and belief (with women being more likely to believe in the supernatural, including religious items) and a small, negative correlation between educational attainment level and belief. The findings are consistent with the assumption that while people may be naturally predisposed for belief in supernatural agency, such belief can be facilitated or counteracted by cultural structures.
The multifaceted Ganzfeld at the crossroad between visual perception and consciousness
Authors: Pistolas Eleftheria , Quétard Boris , Katyal Sucharit , Wagemans Johan
Published: February 2025

A Ganzfeld is a homogeneous visual field, devoid of any focal points. Such a stimulus has been used by researchers to study perceptual phenomena in the absence of changes in sensory structure. Others have used it to study altered states of consciousness (ASCs). Until now, these different facets have been studied separately with little attention for the emotional subjective experience. This study aimed to elucidate the perceptual, phenomenal, and emotional experience of the multifaceted Ganzfeld using a multi-method approach combining behavioral (eye-tracking) and neural (EEG) measures, with qualitative (interviews) and quantitative (questionnaires) assessments. We show that Ganzfeld spaces induce ASCs and offer immersive, full-body experiences, including bodily effects. Our results pertaining to bodily sensations further prompted us to identify a perceptually grounded processing type with either an inward-directed or externally-directed focus. We also identified the presence of an abstract cognitive processing type characterized by an introspective focus and meditative experiences. At the behavioral level, decays were characterized by decreased eye movements. The lag in reporting decays and the subjective experience of decays point to the notion of mind blanking. At the neural level, we found increased theta activity preceding decays, further hinting at a potential interrelation between perceptual decays and mind blanking. Finally, decays were characterized by more alpha activity, indicating attenuated sensory processing and a relaxed state. Our findings contribute to a more in-depth understanding of all the components contributing to the rich Ganzfeld experiences.
How AI Models Judge Facial Attractiveness: Visualizing Features with CNN and Vision Transformer to Understand Attractiveness Factors
Authors: Sano Takanori
Published: February 2025

Facial attractiveness influences social life, and a series of experimental and computational studies have been conducted to provide insights into such outcomes. Computational deep-learning studies have been conducted to predict facial attractiveness and explore its contributing factors. Although convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are the mainstay of these analyses, the Vision Transformer (ViT) model has recently attracted considerable attention. In this study, facial attractiveness prediction models were constructed using CNN-based models or ViT, and the facial regions the models focused on were identified. While the CNN focused on local features, particularly facial features such as eyes, nose, and mouth, the visual geometry group 19 (VGG19), a CNN model with a deep architecture, covers a wider range. In contrast, ViT focuses on global features, such as skin texture and facial contours, suggesting that it may reflect holistic processing based on the relationships between facial parts. In research on understanding facial attractiveness factors using deep learning models, the extracted facial features differ by model architecture, advocating the need for an approach that considers both local and global features based on the research objective.
Representational constraints shape human information-seeking
Authors: Cheyette Samuel , Callaway Frederick , Bramley Neil R , Nelson Jonathan D. , Tenenbaum Joshua
Published: February 2025

Human learners often seek information rationally: they prefer more informative over less informative data, and ask questions that optimally discriminate between competing hypotheses. But this picture holds only in simple, controlled settings: in more complex tasks, the computations needed for optimal information seeking become intractable and human inquiry empirically is often far from optimal. How do people effectively navigate the information landscapes the real world presents? We propose a model of information-seeking under representational constraints, which simplifies complex data used to make inferences and seeks information rationally with respect to its costs. Six behavioral experiments using two popular search games support this account: we find that people reason imprecisely and make queries in ways that are objectively uninformative under standard models, but are actually efficient given their limited representational capacity. Participants also increasingly prefer simpler, less informative queries as they gain experience in a task, suggesting rapid adaptation to their cognitive limits. Our findings challenge theories of human information-seeking based on an idealized notion of rationality and instead support a more nuanced and realistic view: people are limited in what information they can represent but have information-seeking strategies that are efficient given those limits.
‘Felt Sense of Anomaly’-type transdiagnostic dissociative experiences in adolescents: endorsed phenomenology and plausible mechanisms.
Authors: Černis Emma , Antonović Milan , Lofthouse Katie , Shipp Lottie , Waite Polly
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveResearch indicates higher prevalence of dissociative experiences in adolescents than in adults. However, the exact phenomenology and underlying mechanisms of dissociation in adolescence have yet to be clarified. The current study explores the presentation of, and possible psychological factors underlying, dissociation in this population.MethodTwo online self-report surveys captured data from 3076 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years. Participants completed the Černis Felt Sense of Anomaly (ČEFSA) scale of felt sense of anomaly-type dissociation, alongside measures of mechanisms implicated in a cognitive-behavioural model of dissociation in adults (cognitive appraisals, alexithymia, and affect intolerance). N=409 completed the ČEFSA scale at a second timepoint, one month later.ResultsMost (91.87%) adolescents endorsed at least one ČEFSA item. The mean number of endorsed items was 13.00 (SD = 9.67). The most endorsed factors of the ČEFSA were Altered Sense of Agency (82.96%), Anomalous experience of the Self (76.76%), and Altered Sense of Connection (73.76%).Mediation analysis indicated that emotion regulation (expressive suppression) mediated the relationship between Time One and Time Two dissociation scores: greater suppression was associated with greater dissociation one month later. No other tested variables showed statistically significant mediation.ConclusionsAdolescents are likely to experience dissociation as detachment and disconnection, particularly relating to their selfhood and external world (i.e., depersonalisation and derealisation). This study suggests that the key element of a recent cognitive-behavioural model of dissociative experiences in adults – that affect intolerance perpetuates dissociation – may also be applicable in adolescence.
Low back pain among nursing assistants at Mansoura University hospitals: prevalence and risk
Authors: Faisal Sarah , Abdel Rahman Sherine , Abou-ElWafa Hala , Al-Wehedy Adel , Kamel Emily
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most debilitating and prevalent disorders. It is a leading contributor to disability worldwide. Lifting of heavy loads is a key duty of many healthcare workers, but among nursing assistants (NAs) patient handling is the most prevalent duty and has been reported as the main cause of LBP among them. Many studies reported higher prevalence of LBP for NAs compared with nurses and other occupational groups. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of LBP during the past 6 months and identify the potential associated risk factors among NAs.
 Methods: A cross-sectional study with analytic component was carried out upon all NAs working at three Mansoura university hospitals. An interviewer-administrated questionnaire was used to collect data regarding socio-demographics, work conditions, ergonomics, having LBP in the past 6 months, LBP characteristics and disability evaluation.
Results: The prevalence of LBP in the past 6 months was 71.1% with 50.7% of them had clinically significant disability and 6.5% had severe disability. The prevalence of LBP with neurological symptoms was more than 50.0%, while 34.8% of them were taking regular medications for the pain. Female gender, obesity and most ergonomic risk factors were significantly higher among NAs with LBP than those without.
 Conclusion: It is evident from this study that LBP is prevalent among NAs. Personal and ergonomic risk factors contribute to its occurrence. Health and safety programs to build ergonomically safe working conditions, training of NAs and encouraging regular physical exercise are needed.
Socio-Economic Implications of Abroad Mobility of Nepalese Students for Higher Education
Authors: Gautam Govinda
Published: February 2025

Foreign mobility in higher education has been a persistent issue in almost every country especially in developing countries like Nepal for many years, resulting in a shortage of skilled and competent individuals within the country. This research investigates the socioeconomic implications of students’ mobility from Nepal to foreign countries. It aims to achieve two primary objectives: first, to identify the determinants driving students’ decisions to study abroad and secondly to analyze the socio-economic implications of this mobility on Nepal. A qualitative research approach is adopted, incorporating both primary and secondary data sources. Six Nepali students studying in various foreign countries and six parents whose children are currently residing abroad are interviewed using a semi-structured format of questions to explore the determinants and motivations behind international education decisions. Additionally, a systematic review of related literature is conducted, drawing from academic databases, reputable journals, and official reports to provide a comprehensive analysis. The qualitative data are thematically analyzed, complemented by findings from the literature review. Ethical considerations have been adhered to throughout the study. The research has aimed to shed light on the impact of foreign mobility on students and their families in Nepal and contribute valuable insights to the field of international education. Understanding the factors that influence students mobility and the resulting outcomes is likely to be crucial for policymakers, educational institutions, and students themselves
Effectiveness of Health Insurance Program of Urban Health Promotion Center, Pokhara, Kaski
Authors: Rokaya Raj Bahadur
Published: February 2025

Nepal Health Insurance Program (NHIP) has enrolled millions of individuals, but concerns remain for its utilization rates and the factors influencing them. The insurance program aims to fulfill the spirit of universal health coverage by increasing access to and utilization of necessary quality health services. Despite having high enrollment in the NHIP, there is also a high percentage of the dropout rate. Therefore, this study explores the effectiveness of the health insurance program in Nepal. The study applied the cross-sectional exploratory research design. 41 clients were taken conveniently from the Urban Health Promotion Centre (UHPC) who are enrolled in the insurance program. The primary data was collected by using a semi-structured interview schedule. The collected quantitative data variables were defined and entered into SPSS. Descriptive analysis was used to discuss the data, followed by analysis using frequency and percentage. During the study, 26.82 percent of the respondents were willing to drop out of the NHIP. The cause of willingness to drop out of the insurance program is difficulty in utilizing the services, the ignorance of insurers during the time of renewal, and family suggestions. The proportion of willingness to drop out of the insurance program is comparatively less than the Kaski and National rates; hence, it seems that the NHIP is going satisfactory.
Socio-Economic Impacts of Ecotourism Activities Around the Rupa Lake of Kaski, Nepal
Authors: Pageni Bikram , Khatiwada Shreekanta S. , Raut Nirjala , Pant Ramesh Raj , Dhakal Sandesh
Published: February 2025

Ecotourism is a sustainable approach to tourism development that aims to positively impact socio-economic conditions and the environment. This study assesses the socio-economic impact of ecotourism activities around the Rupa Lake area. Primary data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires and interviews with residents involved in lake conservation activities, supplemented by field observations. Additionally, key information was obtained from interviews with officials of the Rupa Lake Fishery and Restoration Cooperative Limited (RLFARCL). A mixed-methods research design, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative approaches, was employed to analyze the data using statistical tools in MS Excel and SPSS. The findings reveal a significant increase in food and accommodation services, including Khaja-Ghar, lodges, restaurants, and hotels, most of which operate for six to nine months annually. The rapid establishment of tourism businesses over the past decade has boosted self-employment but has provided limited employment opportunities for non-family members. The study indicates a gradual increase in ecotourism activities and improvements in tourism infrastructure in the Rupa Lake area. Local people exhibit a positive attitude towards conservation and ecotourism development. Therefore, skill-development training for ecotourism promotion, sustaining livelihoods, and encouraging local participation is recommended.
Empirical Investigation of Inflation Dynamics in Nepal: A Multivariate Co-integration and VECM Framework
Authors: Adhikari Gyan Mani , Chhetri Santosh , Chalise Shilu
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the determinants of inflation in Nepal using annual time series data from 1975 to 2022, employing the Engle-Granger co-integration technique, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), and Granger causality tests. The research examines the relationships between inflation and key macroeconomic variables including budget deficit, gross fixed capital formation, Indian inflation, broad money supply (M2), and private consumption. The empirical findings reveal significant relationships between these variables, with particularly strong bidirectional causality between inflation and budget deficits. The VECM results indicate that private consumption and money supply are crucial determinants of inflation in both the short and long run, with the error correction term showing an adjustment speed of approximately 11% per year toward equilibrium. This relatively slow adjustment suggests that inflationary shocks in Nepal tend to persist over time. The study also finds that Indian inflation significantly influences Nepal’s price levels, highlighting the strong economic interconnectedness between the two countries. While some variables like gross fixed capital formation show theoretical relevance, their statistical significance in the model is limited, possibly reflecting the complex nature of investment impacts on inflation. These findings have important policy implications, suggesting the need for coordinated fiscal and monetary policies, maintenance of sustainable fiscal positions, effective management of private consumption and money supply, and careful consideration of external economic factors in inflation management strategies. The study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence specific to Nepal’s context while supporting broader theoretical frameworks of inflation determination. The results underscore the complex and multifaceted nature of inflation in Nepal, where both domestic and external factors play significant roles, and suggest that successful inflation management requires a comprehensive policy approach that addresses fiscal discipline, monetary stability, and structural economic constraints while remaining mindful of international economic linkages.
Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) after Piezocision on the Rate of Tooth Movement During En-Masse Retraction: A Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Simhadri Geetika , S. V. Kala Vani , Nadhamuni Madhuri , G. V. N. Surya Mithra
Published: February 2025

Background: With increasing awareness of facial aesthetics and the desire for an appealing smile, patients are demanding faster and better results than ever before in orthodontic treatment. This trend motivates orthodontists to engage in more research in the field of accelerated orthodontics to expedite treatment and satisfy individual preferences for aesthetics.
Aim and Objectives: To evaluate and compare the effects of sequential Piezocision, Piezocision followed by Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT), and conventional sliding mechanics during en-masse retraction.
Materials and Method: The study included 30 subjects with skeletal and dental Class I relationship who were treated orthodontically with four fist premolar extraction. They were randomly divided into three groups of 10 patients each. Group A was subjected to conventional sliding mechanics, Group B underwent sequential Piezocision, and Group C received Piezocision followed by LLLT for en-masse retraction. Study models were taken every month for three months to measure the distance between the contact points of the canine and second premolar on both sides.
Result: Statistically significant rates of space closure were observed in Group C, followed by Group B. The amount of space closure on right and left sides after 3 months of study period in Group C, Group B and Group A in descending order were 3.27 ± 0.16 mm and 3.29 ± 0.05 mm > 2.91 ± 0.17 mm and 2.91 ± 0.13 mm > 2.24 ± 0.25 mm and 2.29 ± 0.05 mm respectively.
Conclusion: LLLT further enhances the regional acceleratory phenomenon achieved with Piezocision, resulting in faster orthodontic tooth movement.
Analysis of Skeletal and Dentoalveolar Components in Patient with Deep Bite Malocclusion
Authors: Pandey Bashu Raj , Singh Rajan , Adhikari Sushma
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Deep bite is a common malocclusion in the Nepalese population. Temporomandibular disorder, periodontal damage, teeth attrition and interference with mastication are the main consequences of deep bite. Various methods of deep bite correction are available. A good understanding of different underlying causes of deep bites may help in the selection of correct treatment modalities. The main objective of this study was to evaluate skeletal and dental components in the Nepalese population.
Material and Methods: Fifty cases of deep bite and fifty normal overbite cases were selected from 230 cases of the Department of Orthodontics, CMC, Chitwan. Manual cephalometric tracing and dental cast measurement were conducted for seventeen skeletal and twelve dental components of deep bite. Mann-Whitney U Test and Pearson correlation test were performed for evaluation of the effect of different components and interobserver reliabilities respectively.
Result: Among all skeletal components, Gonial angle (p=0.004, occurrence=72%), lower facial height/upper facial height×100 (p=0.014, occurrence =72%), lower facial height/total facial height×100 (p=0.02, occurrence=68%) and Mandibular plane angle (P=0.037, occurrence 63%) had major role. Among the dental components, overjet (p=0.001, occurrence=90%) and curve of Spee (p=0.001, occurrence 84 %) had the highest effect on deep bite. Saddle angle and lower molar length had the least effect on deep bite.
Conclusion: Among the skeletal components, gonial angle, lower facial height to upper facial height ratio, lower facial height to total facial height ratio and mandibular plane angle contributed the most to deep bite development. Increased overjet and curve of Spee among were the dental components with great role in deep bite. Saddle angle and lower molar length had the least contribution to deep bite development.
Między partycypacją a współrządzeniem. Kierunki rozwoju partycypacji publicznej w Polsce
Authors: Szulc-Wałecka Elżbieta
Published: February 2025

The purpose of the article is to present the evolution of public participation in Poland and to identify its stages, as well as to answer the question of whether the applied solutions allow for the occurrence of participatory co-governance or only strengthen citizen participation. On the basis of historical events, formal and legal conditions and non-governance activity, four key periods have been identified: the time of “Solidarity” (1980–1989), systemic transformation and the development of self-government and civil society (1989–2002), intersectoral cooperation and EU membership (2003–2015), centralisation of the model of governance and institutionalisation of participation (2015–2023). The results of the analysis prove that the measures taken do not have the effect of creating radical change, but only some adjustment. Although the implemented standards do not determine the occurrence of participatory co-governance, they strengthen citizen participation in public decision-making. The article uses a systemic and institutional-legal method and an analysis of the literature on the subject.
Is Kropotkin’s Mutual Aid the Antidote to the Predatory Journal Problem?
Authors: Du Rocher Andrew Robert
Published: February 2025

Academic capitalism has encouraged the development of pay-to-publish journals, and may have also encouraged the proliferation of poor-quality profit motivated predatory journals. Predatory journals undermine the confidence that people have in scientific research, and have created an ethical crisis. Alternatives to capitalist ideologies can reveal how an anti-capitalist intervention to the predatory journal problem might be developed. A response to the predatory journal problem might be developed using a collaborative behaviour referred to as mutual aid. Mutual aid is an organisational component of the anarchist communism proposed by Russian dissident, geographer, zoologist, and anarchist Pyotr Alexeyevich Kropotkin. Networks of non-commercial not-for-profit online open access publishing houses and journals could be developed by faculty in higher education institutions using a mutual aid strategy. It is entirely possible that a gradual and sustained increase in (anti-capitalist) online open access journals would result in a gradual and sustained decrease in (capitalist) predatory journals.
Analisis Sentimen Cyberbullying Pada Komentar X Menggunakan Metode Naïve Bayes
Authors: Wibisono Bany , Machmud Aprizal , Suryani Nining , Yunita Yunita
Published: February 2025

Advances in communication technology and social media have made it easier to access global information, but have also increased cases of cyberbullying on platforms such as X. The impact of cyberbullying can include physical and psychological disorders, such as increased loneliness, anxiety, depression, and decreased self-esteem. In addition, victims of cyberbullying may feel distress that can increase the risk of suicidal ideation. This research utilizes the Naïve Bayes method to effectively and efficiently classify cyberbullying-related comments. This classification model was developed to detect cyberbullying in comments on X, using the Naïve Bayes algorithm and a dataset from Kaggle consisting of 650 comments that contain cyberbullying characteristics and those that do not. This research includes several preprocessing steps such as tokenization, normalization, and stemming. The data was then divided into two parts: 80% for training data and 20% for testing data. The evaluation results show a model accuracy of 80.77%, precision 81.25%, recall 70.91%, and AUC 0.794. The innovation in this research lies in the use of 2 (two) stemming operators, namely stemming dictionary and stemming snowball, where the stemming dictionary uses a special file containing abbreviations or slang words, which are often used in comments on the word becomes its basic form. This model tends to be more accurate in classifying comments as non-bullying than bullying. Suggestions for improvement include exploring other preprocessing methods and algorithms, as well as using larger and more varied datasets.
Visualisasi AI Untuk Pertumbuhan Pendapatan Vending Machine
Authors: Dwi Rahma Indira , Hidayatulloh Taufik , Yusuf Lestari
Published: February 2025

Pengunaan AI (Artificial Inteligent) dalam tiga tahun terakhir pasca covid 19 mendapatkan perhatian yang sangat besar. Sebagian masyarakat Indonesia mulai mempelajari bigdata dan juga Artificial Inteligen yang memliki pengaruh besar dikehidupan masa depan. Dengan memanfaakan pengetahuan dibidang Artificial Intelligent penulis akan menyelesaikan masalah akutansi yang dialami oleh beberapa perusahaan yang memiliki produk vending machine. Karena pada tahun 2022 ditemukan penurunan rata-rata pendapatan atau biasa kita sebut Average Monthly Growth. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kinerja penjualan vending machine pada yang menunjukkan penurunan rata-rata pertumbuhan revenue bulanan (Average Monthly Growth) sebesar 9,10% pada 6 bulan terakhir dari bulan juli hingga desember pada tahun tersebut, menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif yang berbasis pada studi dokumen. Pengolahan visual data akan dioleh menggunakan BigQuery d an juga Looker Studio. Dengan adanya data yang akurat dan handal diperoleh beberapa faktor keberhasilan peningkatan pendapatan vending machine. Factor pertama adalah peningkatan personalisasi pengalaman berbelanja, implementasi program loyalitas, optimalisasi strategi penjualan musiman, dan memanfaatkan strategi bundling produk.
العنف الإبستيمي للنظريات الوضعية في العلاقات الدولية: التحرر من القصة الواحدة
Authors: حبش لورد
Published: February 2025

​تسعى هذه الدراسة للبحث في العنف الإبستيمي الذي اعترى حقل العلاقات الدولية وعلاقته بالمركزية الغربية، ومآلات ذلك على نظريات العلاقات الدولية، وللكشف عن النقاط العمياء تجاه دول الجنوب. وتهدف إلى تحدي السرديات ووجهات النظر الغربية السائدة في العلاقات الدولية، مع تأكيد وجود أصوات ونظريات في الجنوب جرى إسكاتها وتهميشها تاريخيًًا في حقل العلاقات الدولية. ولتحقيق ذلك، تطرح الدراسة هذه الأسئلة الرئيسة: ما الآليات التي يتم من خلالها ممارسة العنف الإبستيمي تجاه دول الجنوب؟ وما انعكاساته على النظريات الوضعية؟ وكيف يمكن التغلب على العنف المعرفي؟ تعتمد الدراسة في تحليلها وإجابتها عن الأسئلة على منهج تحليل الخطاب لتبيان موضع دول الجنوب في خطاب حقل العلاقات الدولية والنظريات الوضعية، إضافةًً إلى التوظيف المعرفي لمفهوم العنف الإبستيمي لفهم آليات اشتغال الهيمنة المعرفية في هذا الحقل، ومفهوم العصيان المعرفي لاقتراح طريقة للانفكاك من هذه الهيمنة بالتركيز على أمثلة من العالم العربي. وتخلص إلى إبراز أهمية العصيان المعرفي للمناهج الدراسية، باعتباره أداة أساسية في وضع استراتيجية لجعل حقل العلاقات الدولية عالميََّ القضايا والمضمون والمعرفة.