bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case Study - Efficient Drilling of High-Angle Wells: Overcoming Strength Anisotropy and Enhancing Hole Cleaning via Remote Real-Time Borehole Management
Authors: Gosavi S. V. , Adla A. , Sripada S. , Furey K. , Evans A. M. , Degroot A. K.
Published: February 2025

Drilling high-angle wells in oil fields can optimize reservoir exposure, boost production, and reduce the number of wells required for development. However, challenges like wellbore instability, hole cleaning, elevated Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD), and increased drilling loads arise. Rock strength anisotropy in shale causes significant instability in high-angle wells. Misconceptions about instability mechanisms and reluctance to use higher mud weight (MW) often lead to wellbore instability and Non-Productive Time (NPT). Despite many wells being drilled through unstable shale, significant NPT events can occur at higher inclinations. A low-angle well inclination limit is often proposed for successful drilling through anisotropic shale, citing instability due to strength anisotropy, drilling fluid invasion, and longer exposure times. Utilizing proper understanding of the failure mechanism, characterizing the shale strength anisotropy and using strength-anisotropy incorporated models it was deemed feasible to drill high angle wells through a challenging shale formation. To prove the concept, a pilot well was drilled at an intermediate angle which validated drilling feasibility beyond experience-based limits and gathered formation data for a wellbore stability model.

Following the pilot well’s success, a high-angle well was drilled using optimized parameters and higher MW, achieving NPT-free drilling. Remote real-time borehole advisory management system (BAMS) surveillance prevented unexpected events and NPT while drilling. Understanding failure mechanisms, a wellbore stability model for anisotropic shale, and an Integrated Hole Quality and Quantitative Risk Assessment (IHQ/QRA) approach were key to success. Careful planning and real-time surveillance, including transient hydraulics and hole cleaning (THHC) modeling, cavings characterization, and fluids surveillance, led to successful high-angle well drilling. This, and such work, has the potential to positively impact field development economics and may influence other offshore basin developments.
Efficiencies Are Driving U.S. Shale Drilling Costs Lower - How High-Frequency Embedded Drilling Dynamics Data is Improving Drilling Performance, Consistency and Reliability
Authors: Ference Zachary , Sugiura Junichi , Jones Steve
Published: February 2025

The U.S. shale industry is doing more with fewer drilling rigs, and the laterals are becoming deeper and longer. Well drilling/completion cycle times and costs have been reduced due to several changes. Batch drilling, smaller hole sizes and off-line cementing are some of these changes. But drilling efficiencies have also improved by drilling faster with fewer trips and making the process repeatable and consistent (often with rig automation).

High-frequency embedded drilling dynamics data recorders are proving to be an essential component in learning drill bit and mud motor/power section performance, reliability and durability. This paper details recent learnings from high-frequency embedded dynamics measurements, and how they are implemented to deliver performance and consistency to the drilling process.

Deploying high-frequency embedded drilling dynamics sensors in the mud motor bit box and top sub provides information that is not gathered from typical measurement-while-drilling (MWD) shock and vibration measurements because of the sensor placements in the bottom-hole assembly (BHA). Gyro (rotation speed), 3-axis shock (accelerations) and temperature measurements at the bit and above the motor power section provide a detailed understanding of drilling dynamics while certain rig operations are being performed.

Pulling off-bottom, distance off-bottom, transitional operations (slide to rotate), auto-driller set-points, drilling-advisory-system’s boundary conditions, clean-up cycles and rig automation settings can all be adjusted/tuned for optimal performance using the embedded drilling dynamics sensor data.

The results clearly demonstrate that embedded drilling dynamics data (acquired at the drill bit and above the mud motor power section) delivered critical information to optimize rig parameters and operational techniques to make the drilling process safer, faster and repeatable.

Initial analysis of the embedded senor data provided the results to commence strategic adjustments of the rig parameters and operational techniques. Embedded measurements were deployed again to validate the changes, and if further changes were required, the sensors continued to be deployed.

It was concluded that analysis of embedded sensor data, merged with rig electronic-drilling-recorder (EDR) data provided details of certain operations that were often being overlooked. This allowed the operator to set more stringent standard operating procedures to improve the overall drilling efficiency and repeatability.
Robust Model to Fingerprint and Distinguish Well Loss, Well Kick and Wellbore Ballooning Using Realtime Data
Authors: Zhang Shang , Samuel Robello
Published: February 2025

Wellbore ballooning is a significant challenge in drilling operations, often misinterpreted as a wellbore influx or kick, leading to unnecessary well control procedures. This study develops a robust real-time model to distinguish between lost circulation, well kick, and wellbore ballooning using real-time drilling and flowback data. The model analyzes flow behaviors and type-curve characteristics to accurately identify wellbore ballooning scenarios and kick/loss events. Validation with real-world data demonstrates its effectiveness in reducing non-productive time (NPT), enhancing real-time decision-making, and improving operational efficiency during drilling operations.
LLM-In-The-Loop: A Framework for Enhancing Drilling Data Analytics
Authors: Al Amin S. T. , Wu K. , Mathur A. , Koritala C.
Published: February 2025

Analyzing and visualizing drilling data is critical for optimizing operations and informed decision-making. As the drilling data are mostly structured data coming from downhole sensors and drilling equipments, traditional methods to analyze these data often require programming skills, causing delays and repetitive tasks for experts. On the other hand, advancement in large language models (LLMs) has enabled to chat with our internal data. Human-like or natural language can be used to extract meaningful and important information from large amount of data. With these motivations in mind, we propose a novel approach leveraging large language models (LLMs) to enhance drilling data analytics. By enabling natural language queries for complex data analysis, broader oil and gas users without traditional data analysis expertise can take advantage of it. Stakeholders and relevant personnels can easily perform data analysis and visualization without the need for specialized programming knowledge.

We introduce a framework to analyze drilling data with the help of LLM models. Our method retrieves relevant information and similarity pairs which are integrated into the prompt along with the user query. The enhanced prompt is subsequently fed to an LLM, generating source code which is executed by an agent through plans, actions and feedback. The processed answer is returned to the user. Our approach enables real-time, efficient, and accurate analysis of drilling data, making it accessible to all users. Experimental results indicate that LLM models exhibit superior accuracy when prompts are enriched with similarity pairs and contextual information, compared to processing raw user queries directly. We show that our framework can handle a variety of query types, including basic statistics, summarization, aggregation, comparison, filtering, correlation, and time-series analysis. We demonstrate high accuracy of our framework in these tasks using both zero-shot and few-shot learning approaches. Furthermore, the framework supports data visualization, enabling users to uncover hidden patterns and insights within the data. Our framework offers a significant advancement in real-time data-driven decision-making within the industry.
A Comparative Study of Fishbone Wells and Multi-Fractured Horizontal Wells for a Tight Carbonate Reservoir Case Study of the Sadi Formation in Iraq
Authors: Al-Saedi Asaad , Stephen Karl Dunbar
Published: February 2025

Development of a tight reservoir characterized by low permeability poses significant challenges to the oil and gas industry due to the low productivity and the excessive costs. This study explores the potential of utilizing "Fishbone Wells" compared to multi-fractured horizontal wells to maximize the net present value (NPV). The development approach is assessed for implementation in a tight carbonate reservoir in southern Iraq.

Numerical reservoir simulation models were utilized to predict oil production rates and optimize key parameters such as the number of branches for the fishbone well. Analytical models were used to calculate behaviour for both types of wells then, the outcomes were compared.

Our findings indicate that both multi-fractured horizontal wells and fishbone wells can achieve a positive Net Present Value (NPV) in the Sadi reservoir. However, the fishbone well consistently delivers higher NPV under specific conditions. Fishbone wells utilize smaller lateral branches, known as 'subs,' each containing 3 or 4 needles (or ribs) with a diameter of half an inch and 40 ft length. These needles usually have a 70% success rate in reservoir penetration. The well design limits each stage to12 subs because of the 40-foot spacing between subs and the 480-foot distance between hydraulic fracturing stages. Although 12 subs yield the highest production, our analysis found that a configuration with six subs optimizes NPV compared to one stage of hydraulic fracturing. It is important to note that the fishbone technology is most effective in reservoirs with permeability of 0.5 millidarcy or higher. In formations with lower permeability, hydraulic fracturing, which can be implemented below 0.5 millidarcy, may be the more reliable approach. While fishbone wells offer significant profitability potential, they also come with marginal risks and require favourable reservoir conditions to ensure success. As such, careful reservoir assessment is critical before selecting this technology for development.

This is the first study that compares the economic feasibility of fishbone stimulation technology to the multi-fractured horizontal wells implemented in a real case for tight reservoir formation.
CO2 Well Control Scenario Prediction Using Experimentally Verified Models
Authors: Skogestad J. O. , Lund B. , Feneuil B. , N'Gouamba E. , Aasen A. , Linga H. , Vold L. , Bruton Z. , Helgeland S. , Ødegård S. I.
Published: February 2025

Objectives/Scope: With the expected upscaling of the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) activity in coming years, the need for drilling infill wells for CO2 sequestration, i.e. wells that penetrate formations that already contain stored CO2, will inevitably arise. Hence, the risk of a CO2 well control event must be considered. This paper describes an approach to well control evaluation using software based on experimentally verified models, demonstrated through simulations of realistic case scenarios.

Methods, Procedures, Process: In order to achieve a software tool for evaluating potential well control scenarios for CO2 infill wells, it is crucial to obtain a good understanding of the behaviour of drilling fluids when exposed to CO2. This involves several aspects, such as density, phase state, rheology, robustness, particle sedimentation and risk of hydrate formation. Extensive laboratory studies have been performed to fill knowledge gaps in these areas and to obtain data for calibrating mathematical models describing the CO2-drilling fluid interaction. These models are then integrated into an existing hydraulic flow model framework, which is used in a well control evaluation software.

Results, Observations, Conclusions: Results from simulations using a well control software upgraded with capabilities for handling CO2 influx are presented and discussed. The input data for the simulations represent a case scenario supplied by an operator. In particular, the impact of CO2 influx on volume expansion and kick severity as the influx volume of CO2 is transported up the wellbore is discussed. Furthermore, the simulation software includes integrated models as resulting from laboratory studies of drilling fluid exposed to CO2. In a well control context, the thermophysical properties of CO2 may in many ways be more challenging than those of methane, e.g. with the presence of the critical point inside the typical operational envelope. It is also observed from the laboratory experiments that the impact of CO2 on drilling fluids is different than of methane. How these aspects contribute to different requirements for the models is discussed.

Novel/Additive Information: This study contributes to improved understanding of how a CO2 influx and its impact on drilling fluid properties affect the severity of well control incidents. For supporting the understanding, differences and similarities with respect to natural gas influx are presented.
A Downhole Closed-Loop Method for Wellbore Trajectory Control Based on Azimuthal Logging While Drilling Data
Authors: Wang Han , Chen Dong , Ye Zhihui , Mao Kaifeng
Published: February 2025

As the drilling operations face increasingly complex geological conditions, the geosteering technology is commonly used for drilling horizontal wells. The real time drilling data is usually transmitted to surface via mud-pulse telemetry to be reconstructed, while it is often obstructed by unpredictable signal impairments, resulting in time lag or error for decision making. Therefore, this study proposes a downhole closed-loop trajectory control method based on azimuth LWD data, aimed at addressing the challenges of horizontal drilling in complex geological conditions and enhancing the automation of geosteering technology. This algorithm identifies the formation near the drill bit using azimuth LWD data (e.g., gamma), by comparing the upper and lower logging data to control the wellbore trajectory. When the trajectory deviates from the target reservoir, the system automatically control the drill bit orientation and uses Dobbins curve to optimize the well path, ensuring it remains within the reservoir and achieving closed-loop control at each measurement point. Based on the logging data of a typical heavy oil reservoir from Girasol oilfield, the present method has been applied to provide an optimized wellbore trajectory, the results show that: 1. The optimized wellbore trajectory can be generated automatically by the algorithm, based on a 32s sampling rate; 2. The trajectory length calculated from present model is 11.9ft shorter than that of actual drilled trajectory; 3. Greater maximum build rate is more easier to drive the trajectory out from the target zone, the favorable value is about 6°/100ft for this example. In general, the present research provides an intelligent downhole closed-loop algorithm for wellbore trajectory control based on azimuth LWD data. It is expected that more drilling tool parameters are considered to achieve an auto-pilot mode for underground drilling operations.
Evaluating the Mechanical Durability of Well Cement and Geopolymer for Long-Term Integrity in CCS Wells
Authors: Hussain A. , Thiyagarajan S. R. , Emadi H. , Fernandez D. , Ispas I. , Watson M. , Henderson S.
Published: February 2025

Ensuring wellbore integrity is crucial for the long-term success of carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects. Cement durability under various environmental conditions plays a pivotal role in maintaining the integrity of wells and acts as the main barrier to leakage. This study investigates the mechanical behaviour of different formulations of well cement, focusing on the effects of supercritical CO2 exposure on the cement's porosity, permeability and mechanical properties.

The formulations tested in this study are neat Class H cement, neat Class C cement, a high porosity lightweight field blend, and a Class F Fly Ash Geopolymer. Cylindrical cement samples (7.5 cm x 3.81 cm) were cured at 60°C for 28 days and then exposed to supercritical CO2 for 28 days under 10.34 MPa and 60°C. Before and after treatment, porosity, permeability, and triaxial compression tests were conducted to assess mechanical properties at a confining pressure of 10.34 MPa. The study sought to determine changes in strength, elastic moduli, and overall integrity under these conditions.

Post-treatment analysis revealed minimal changes in the porosity of cement samples. The permeability and mechanical properties of all the samples demonstrated significant changes. The highly porous cement showed reduced strength and elastic moduli compared to the low-porosity formulations, yet exposure to supercritical CO2 did not significantly alter these properties. The Geopolymers exhibited different results when compared to the other cement types. These findings suggest that, under the conditions tested, the structural integrity of well cement is maintained, which is critical for ensuring long-term wellbore stability in CCS applications.

This study illustrates the robustness of several oilwell cements to supercritical CO2 exposure, highlighting their practical significance and appropriateness for long-term wellbore integrity in CCS projects.
Development of the AI Drilling Agent: AI-Physics Hybrid Model for Accurate, Adaptive and Autonomous Decision-making
Authors: Cao Jie , Muhammad Ressi Bonti , Gocmen Emre , Nabavi Josef , Oedegaard Sven Inge
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the development of the AI Drilling Agent through a hybrid methodology that integrates physics-based modeling and simulation with advanced agentic AI. The current focus is on training the AI Drilling Agent within a dynamic drilling simulation environment to optimize operations, predict potential issues, and enable autonomous decision-making. The AI Drilling Agent is trained using a comprehensive downhole drilling simulator that replicates real-world conditions, incorporating coupled hydraulics, temperature, and torque/drag models, as well as dynamic factors such as inertia, acceleration, and the effects of temperature and pressure changes on downhole fluid dynamics. Reinforcement learning algorithms enable the agent to iteratively improve its decision-making capabilities.

Initial results highlight the effectiveness of this hybrid approach, where the AI Drilling Agent interacts with the physics-based simulation environment to iteratively learn and propose optimized strategies aligned with predefined objectives. The physics-driven models provide a realistic and rigorous training environment, while AI methods ensure adaptability and optimization. Future work will expand this integration to include real-time data and digital twins, further enhancing the agent's situational awareness and operational efficacy. These findings demonstrate the transformative potential of combining physics-based simulation with AI-driven solutions to improve drilling operations, reduce risks, and enable consistent decision-making. This paper presents ongoing research progress, offering insights into the evolving role of hybrid methodologies in revolutionizing drilling practices through the seamless integration of agentic and generative AI with advanced modeling techniques.
WITHDRAWN: Efficient Real-Time Quantile Regression for Streaming Data
Authors: Li Chris Junchi
Published: February 2025

25 February, 2025. Research Square has withdrawn this preprint due to overlap with [another author's published work](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2024.105791).
"The Real Tragedy of Historical Contingency”
Authors: Madureira Luís
Published: February 2025

I analyze two agit-prop plays produced in Angola during the social revolutionary phase immediately after independence (1975-1986). Arguably, this period’s literary and cultural production was governed by a liberation script grounded on a largely “mythic” account of the armed struggle that afforded a monopoly of explanation of the decolonization process to the ruling party. In my examination of this modality of political or pedagogic theatre, I seek to explore the extent to which the political praxis mobilized by these collective productions risked lapsing into an imposed orthodoxy or a form of censorship, which is, in the last instance disavowed. I suggest that the fissures and divisions against which these plays strive to educate their audiences and participants are as much external to the political pedagogics they seek to activate (arising from social, ethnic and racial conflicts and rivalries) as they are internal to, and constitutive of it.
Rearticulating Women’s Silence in Paulina Chiziane’s Niketche and in Ama Ata Aidoo’s Changes
Authors: De Mattia Marie Claire
Published: February 2025

This essay begins with a comparison of Gayatri Spivak’s Can the Subaltern Speak? (1988) and Eni Puccinelli Orlandi’s As formas do silêncio (2007). Through a contrastive analysis of these works, I aim to rephrase our critical understanding of the meaning and significance of “silence.” From a cumbersomely imposed entity with fixed limits, and a means to dominate and oppress, I suggest that silence is a powerful and illusive passive instrument of microresistance. Subsequently, I locate the operation of these theoretical processes in two works of contemporary African female-authored fiction, Niketche: Uma história de poligamia (2002), by Paulina Chiziane, and Changes: A Love Story (1991), by Ama Ata Aidoo. Ultimately, I draw attention to how these works unpack andenhance our understanding of the representation of silence, which could be read as an effective tool toward contesting annihilation, assimilation, and appropriation.
Metrópolis
Authors: Biru
Published: February 2025

Metrópolis, Biru, 2023
Ambíguas experiências e vivências
Authors: Mata Inocência
Published: February 2025

A Mulher foi sempre, desde os primórdios da literatura africana, presença assídua na construção identitária, tanto como objecto de amor romântico, de encantamento nativista, de desejo e prazer quanto como sujeito marcado pela diferença. Mesmo na produção poética anticolonial a mulher ganhou estatuto de símbolo, com imperativos ideológicos, sem espaço para o sentir individual e muito menos o saber-sentir, afinal a dimensão que consagra o cultural, uma vez que o Nós se sobrepunha ao Eu, mesmo na poesia de autoria feminina (Mata). E, embora decantadas pelos objectivos da escrita, as imagens que projectavam o sujeito feminino estavam tão vinculadas à terra, à nação e à comunidade transnacional...
Made in Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Ana Paula
Published: February 2025

The present essay analyzes the emergence in Brazil at the turn of the 1960s of a postcolonial idea of a transnational “community” of Portuguese speakers. That idea is connected with a series of heterogenous and unequal groups linked by different degrees of  activism against Portuguese colonialism. Examples include Brazil’s diplomatic turn to Africa and Asia under the Quadros-Goulart regimes; solidarities between African independence fighters and Brazilian Black activists (and supporters); the wide anti-Salazar and anticolonial activism promoted by the exiled Portuguese democratic opposition; and the cultural common sense, echoed by Maria Archer, that Brazil could safeguard the future of the Portuguese language owing to the ever-present history of slavery.
Cinematic Black Territories in São Paulo
Authors: Rajca Andrew C.
Published: February 2025

Written and directed by Black filmmaker Viviane Ferreira, the 2014 short film O dia de Jerusa and the 2020 feature film Um dia com Jerusa explore material and symbolic elements of Black culture in São Paulo’s Bixiga neighborhood, a space typically associated with Italian culture in dominant cultural imaginaries. Drawing from work in cinema studies, urban geography, and Black feminist philosophy in Brazil, I examine how Ferreira seeks to recuperate Bixiga as a Black territory in São Paulo by centering the experiences of Black women in ways that challenge the stereotypical representation of Black communities in Brazilian cinema. Through close analysis of the aesthetic differences that change the tone and meaning of scenes adapted from the short film into the feature film, I examine how Ferreira makes visible the shared experiences of Afro-descendant communities creating a cinematic territory articulated through Black subjectivity and film aesthetics.
Reforesting Imaginaries
Authors: Lehnen Leila
Published: February 2025

This essay examines how the concept of “reforesting” (“reflorestar” Núñez 2021, Krenak 2022) frames the textual/visual/mediatic works by Gustavo Caboco Wapichana,. By foregrounding a phytographic (Vieira 2017) approach to stories/storytelling, these Indigenous artists and authors reforest thought and imagination, creating a fertile terrain from which to rethink and challenge (neo) colonialism and its attendant modes of extractivist monocultures, from the appropriation of “erva mate” by white settlers to the extraction and resistance of Phyto and Indigenous knowledges by and against colonial archives.
Via phytographic germinations, Caboco Wapichana’s creations present a multiplicity of expressivities, subjectivities, knowledges, and creative interventions that invite us to consider different chronologies, geographies, and modes of being and feeling rooted in and/or that converse with other than human existences, thereby effecting a contra-colonial gesture. By affecting this contra-colonial reforestation, these artistic endeavors also offer a way of thinking against the grain of anthropogenic environmental crisis.
Derivation of hazardous wastes: Pharmaceutical and food applications
Authors: Sharma Manoj Kumar , Diwan Anupama , Sardana Satish , Kumar Kapil
Published: February 2025

Around the globe, solid waste generation rates are reaching 2.01 billion tons, resulting in a footprint of 0.78 kg per person per day as of 2020. It is expected to escalate by 70% and reach approximately 3.42 billion tons by the end of 2050, indicating that waste generating and its disposal are a relevant issue worldwide. Waste can be a source of various useful pharmaceutical and food raw materials, which partially solves the global waste problem.
This comprehensive review paper focuses on different types of wastes that can yield carbohydrate polymers for pharmaceutical or food purposes. It covers systemic documentation and summarizes numerous scientific articles published in 2004–2022.
The review demonstrates a great perspective for waste re-utilization as an alternative source of pharmaceutical and food materials. It provides a complete insight into the responsible approach to hazardous waste recycling, thus promoting research in bio-waste remediation, novel raw materials, and natural sustainability.
Transformations of Copyright and Neighboring Rights in the Digital Era
Authors: Syrbo Vladislav , Krapivina Dar'ya
Published: February 2025

The rapid technological development has introduced artificial intelligence (AI) to creative industries. As a result, institutions of copyright and neighboring, or related, rights are facing new challenges that require new legal approaches. The authors examined various copyright issues connected with works of art generated with the help of digital algorithms and machine learning. The analysis of the current laws in this sphere revealed new models that could accommodate the specifics of digital content within the legal domain. The authorship of AI-generated works can belong to the developer of the AI, the user who initiated the process, or the AI unit itself. Automated data extraction increases the risk of infringement, often leading to disputes between rights holders and users. The transformation of copyright and related laws caused by digitalization is a complex and multifaceted process that challenges legislators and law enforcement agencies. It is bound to replace the current approaches to the copyright and neighboring rights.
Academic Staff during Shift towards Innovation Economy: Vectors of Change
Authors: Chernikova Natal'ya
Published: February 2025

The Russian Federation is currently turning to innovation economy. Universities are important constituents of the innovation economy that influence the national socio-economic transformations. The article reviews scientific approaches to the role of faculty in this process, which sets new requirements for academic staff. A retrospective and prospective analysis revealed the current vectors of changes in the social role of a university professor caused by the economic shift, as well as made it possible to formulate the main criteria for these changes. The review of domestic publications also highlighted an urgent need for modernizing the current legislation and socio-economic planning. The articles that describe the requirements to faculty brought about by the new socio-economic processes made it possible to summarize the role of academic staff in the modern innovation-oriented economy and describe the League of University Professors in the context of innovative changes. The publications under review were compared with the author’s own criteria to define the impact of the innovation economy on the higher education and the new tasks that economy poses to faculty members. These vectors of change shape the figure of a modern university professor based on the needs of the Russian economy. The ongoing transition to innovation economy actualizes demands for an innovative development environment with higher education as a key stakeholder.
Training Future Teachers of Mathematics and Computer Science: Experience, Problems, and Prospects
Authors: Gluhova Ol'ga , Rusakova Nina
Published: February 2025

ngineering, digital technologies, and fundamental sciences are experiencing personnel shortage. Profound mathematical education is the basis of fundamental and applied research. However, university applicants have recently been demonstrating poor results in Mathematics, probably, as a result of understaffing in schools. Schools need teachers of Mathematics and Computer Science with fundamental knowledge of the subject, advanced teaching methodology, and professional pedagogical competencies. The author examined the experience of teachers’ training at classical universities to profile a modern school teacher. Future teachers of Mathematics and Computer Science should not have to major in pedagogy: a block of pedagogical and methodical disciplines can be integrated into various curricula to provide university graduates with a teaching qualification. The article introduces some case studies and recommendations on how to improve teachers’ training in mathematics and computer science in the Kemerovo Region (Kuzbass).
A comprehensive review of wetlands in India and their conservation
Authors: Bhardwaj L. K. , Rath P. , Jain H. , Choudhury M.
Published: February 2025

Wetlands are highly valuable and productive environments for various organisms. This distinctive ecosystem sustains many habitats and biodiversity. In recent decades, they have faced significant endangerment because of urbanization or human intervention. The condition of wetlands in India is marked by a substantial decrease in both size and quality, with about half of the total wetlands having disappeared and the remaining ones degrading. Over time, wetlands have been transformed for many purposes due to urban development, industrialization, climate change, and intensified agriculture. The water quality in numerous wetlands has significantly deteriorated due to the presence of untreated sewage, industrial effluents, and agricultural runoff. This degradation has resulted in the loss of aquatic life, posed health hazards to nearby residents, and impacted pisciculture, and rice farming. In India, conservation efforts are being undertaken to tackle these difficulties by utilizing a combination of legal frameworks, legislative measures, and community engagement. Since the Ramsar Convention in 1971, numerous international initiatives have been endorsed to safeguard wetlands. Some wetlands near the endangered area have conservation management plans, whereas others do not. The wetlands in India cover around 58.2 million hectares of land and serve as important reservoirs of aquatic life. Research communities are prioritizing the preservation of these environments. This chapter presents a comprehensive analysis of the present condition of wetlands in India and highlights the imperative for their preservation. It emphasizes the primary obstacles encountered, and the endeavors being undertaken for its safeguarding and revival.
Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) for wastewater treatment and resource recovery: a sustainable approach
Authors: Choudhary Bhavesh , Deb Suparna , Chouhan Nayan , Azmeera Sangeetha , Choudhary Vinayaka
Published: February 2025

IMTA stands for integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, which is an innovative approach to aquaculture that aims to optimize and minimize resource utilization and also minimize environmental impacts. Although IMTA is not specifically designed for wastewater treatment and resource recovery, it can be applied in such contexts to enhance the overall efficiency and sustainability of these processes. In traditional wastewater treatment systems, the focus is primarily on removing pollutants and treating wastewater to meet regulatory standards of effluent. However, IMTA has more holistic approaches to create more sustainable and efficient ecosystems. In IMTA wastewater treatment systems, the principle involves utilizing different organisms in a cascading trophic structure to maximize resource utilization and minimize waste. Wastewater treatment is carried out via primary treatment, secondary treatment, and tertiary systems. In secondary treatment systems, filter-feeder organisms are mostly cultured, whereas in tertiary treatment systems macro algae, shellfishes, and seaweeds can be cultivated as water contains excess nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous and thus reduces the chances of eutrophication and water pollution. The harvested shellfish and macro algae can be used as valuable resources, shellfish sold for human consumption, whereas macro algae can be processed into products such as biofuels, fertilizers, or animal feed. Thus, the system becomes more efficient and reduces environmental impacts. It allows for conversion of waste streams into valuable products and promotes a circular economy approach.
Microalgal wastewater treatment: a circular economy approach
Authors: Sarker Nilay Kumar , Kaparaju Prasad
Published: February 2025

In this chapter, we explore the application of microalgae in wastewater treatment and the advantages of this integrated approach in fulfilling various sustainable development goals via circularity. We highlight how this integration contributes to environmental protection, reduction in chemical usage, and decrease in carbon emissions while fostering a green system that supports the energy, aquaculture, and agriculture sectors. This is achieved by converting the algal biomass generated from wastewater treatment into algae-based biofuel, fish feed, and fertilizer. Additionally, we examine the obstacles and necessary policy support needed to commercialize and expand this field. The role of microalgae in nutrient assimilation, pollutant removal, and biomass production is discussed alongside the technological advancements in cultivation methods, including photobioreactors and hybrid treatment systems. The chapter also delves into the economic and environmental impacts of adopting a circular economy model, highlighting the potential for resource recovery and sustainable development.
Introduction to bioenergy production: concepts, opportunities, and challenges
Authors: El-Sayed Abeer I. M. , El-Sheekh Mostafa M. , Zohir Wafaa F.
Published: February 2025

Fossil fuels currently yield 88% of the globe's power, and energy consumption is rising dramatically. Using limited resources as an energy generator for an extended length of time is risky because of their finite quantity and non-renewable character. Because bioenergy is more affordable than fossil fuels, it will become the main sustainable energy source in the ensuing decades. The availability of affordable biofuel and a variety of beneficial biofuels that have the ability to produce heat, steam, electricity, and gas, as well as power for transportation, are essential for the growth of bioenergy. The bioenergy formation procedure can be carried out on a range of scales and can employ various materials, comprising different plant parts, bacteria, fungi, manure, algae, or other biomass of lignocellulose origin. This opens the door for the manufacture of biofuel on a worldwide scale. This chapter will discuss major microbial groups, such as cyanobacteria, microalgae bacteria, and fungi, and their roles in the synthesis of bioenergy.
Recent advancements in biomass-based photothermal material for interfacial solar steam generation
Authors: KAROTHIYA Krishna Kumar
Published: February 2025

Abstract. In recent years, photothermal materials have been extensively used to enhanced solar evaporation thermal efficiency. A wide variety of photothermal materials, including those based on biomass, plasmonic nanoparticles, metal oxide, carbon materials, and polymers, displayed excellent results for interfacial solar steam generation (ISSG). This research article presents a recent advancement in photothermal materials derived from waste biomass used for ISSG and discusses their key thermal properties, solar absorption, synthesis methods, thermal energy conversion efficiency, and water evaporation rate. The paper highlights the importance of thermal stability and cost-effective synthesis methods for the design of biomass photothermal materials. We also discussed the problems and prospects in the development of biomass photothermal materials, highlighting the need for scalable, cost-effective manufacturing methods and encouraging the development of sustainable, efficient solar energy conversion technologies.
Performance study of a retrofitted electric two-wheeler using GT-suite
Authors: JALLOW Alpha Omar
Published: February 2025

Abstract. This paper presents the performance study of a retrofitted Bajaj DTS Si motorcycle, converted into an electric two-wheeler (e-TW). Initially, this two-wheeler had internal combustion engine (ICE). This paper presents two distinctive simulation models of retrofitted e-TWs, using GT Suite platform. The first model explores the feasibility of upgrading from the ICE vehicle to an e-TW, with a 1.5 kW Hub motor and 48V/28Ah battery. This model projects speed of 52 km/h and a distance over 29km. The second model explores the feasibility of upgrading from the first model to a new e-TW, with a 5 kW BLDC motor and 72V/78Ah battery. This model projects speed of 80.44 km/h and a range over 130.25 km on a single charge of the battery. This paper confers the details of designing Simulink models using the GT Suite platform. It includes theoretical calculations, simulation methodology and analysis of results, highlighting the software's utility in electric vehicle design and optimization.
Applied approach for vacuum tube collector in renewable energy systems
Authors: KUMAR Awadhesh
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The applied approach of solar energy by various solar systems, including stem production, solar water heating, and solar water purification, has been introduced in the contemporary work. As the various solar collectors are constructed of different materials, having different geometries, designs, etc. for which a rigorous observations have been conducted in this attempt. It makes sense to use the current study to support similar technology searches in other sectors also by following the abundant solar energy. Solar thermal collectors, including trough collectors, focused reflectors, applied vacuum tubes, and flat collectors, have been identified in this study. The bigger solar energy area is covered by the parabolic concentrator, and the available solar energy is effectively held in evacuated tubes. Furthermore, the offered systems are more advantageous choices for the interdisciplinary application of renewable energy sources. With its forward-thinking suggestions, a respectful debate and a succinct conclusion have been framed, depending on the intended approach.
Modeling of cloud computing enablers and its impact on supply chain of electronics Industry during Covid-19 era using DEMATEL approach
Authors: MISHRA Gaurav
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The bane of the COVID-19 pandemic has induced a worldwide lockdown that has pushed various businesses on the verge of bankruptcy and governing bodies into an emergency mode. With many infected cases globally exceeding the 511 million-mark, social distancing is the most effective method to stop this spread. Subsequently, many businesses had setbacks and found it very challenging to cope with this current evolution of working remotely. It investigates the current state of businesses using cloud technology in the electronic industry to resolve COVID-19 recessions by emailing an online questionnaire to various experts with electronics and marketing backgrounds from different areas worldwide in information and communication technology. The whole research design proceeds by finding out the challenges, then questioner development, followed by statistical analysis done by reliability analysis and factor analysis using SPSS-23 software, and lastly, prioritizing the considered enablers by using DEMATEL. The results acknowledged the influential role of cloud computing in bringing up the required growth in the electronics industry during the epidemic. We concluded that the A8—agility, flexibility, and scalability—is the most crucial cause factor and influences other enablers.
Modal and random vibration analysis of pneumatic actuator of wastegate turbocharger using finite element method
Authors: PATKAR Rugved
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Turbocharging is the most common power augmentation method used in both spark and compression ignition engines. However, the excessive turbo boost can end up in risking the intake manifold pressure which can negatively affect the performance of an engine. Therefore, the modern turbochargers are developed with wastegate which effectively controls the turbine speed and limits the excessive turbo boost bypassing the fraction of exhaust gas. In this work, the modal and random vibration analysis of the pneumatic actuator assembly of a wastegate turbocharger is presented. The turbocharger was substituted by a dummy vibratory shaker table with test spacers and a subassembly was mounted on the shaker table. The model of the actuator was designed in Creo© software and finite element analysis was performed in the commercially available software package ANSYS©. The materials used for critical components of the assembly were Structural Steel and SAE1008 Steel for the bracket and CAN respectively. Initially the structural load in the form of bolt pretension was applied at bolted joints and prestressed modal analysis was performed. The results of modal analysis were further utilized for random vibration analysis. The PSD acceleration input was given to the shaker table and output response at critical locations was analyzed. Subsequently, the results were quantitatively analyzed for modal participation factor variation, natural frequencies and PSD equivalent stresses in the actuator assembly.
A critical review of the application of machine intelligence methods for the risk assessment of structural cracks
Authors: GARG Kinny
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Cracks pose a serious threat to a structure's safe and dependable operation. It is necessary to detect and assess the surface cracks properly and quickly in order to preserve a structure's serviceability and safety. Various methods have been proposed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of risky crack detection while adjusting to the detecting environment, such as image and sensor detection. This study offers a systematic overview of the practices related to the development and application of modern machine learning crack detection methods for the purpose of identifying, localizing, and quantifying fractures in concrete dams. It focuses on methods of acquiring images paired with algorithms for digital image processing. Being non-destructive, non-contact, extremely effective, and broadly applicable are only a few of its many advantages. To facilitate future research, this paper's conclusion looks at research difficulties and future directions regarding the field of crack detection technologies. Image processing techniques can be used on scanned or taken photographs of the infrastructure components to find any potential flaws. To improve performance results and reliability in risky crack detection, machine learning techniques are being used more and more in addition to image processing. An overview of image-based crack detection methods utilizing machine learning or image processing is given in this paper.
Stabilization and tracking control of x-z inverted pendulum via variable structure control
Authors: KUMAR Satyendra
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Inverted pendulum (IP) has various real time applications like balancing of two-wheeled robot, control of Segway system, riding of hoverboard and in the rocket launching system. The control of inverted pendulum is a challenging problem in the field of control engineering due to the fact that it is a nonlinear, unstable and under-actuated system. In this paper, we present a control scheme for angle control, position control and tracking control of x-z inverted pendulum systems along with the mathematical modeling of the IP systems in MATLAB Simulink. The control scheme is variable structure control with sliding mode control which is a robust control technique suitable for unstable and nonlinear systems. The output responses from the proposed controller are compared with that of PID controller. Considering the pendulum angle, pivot positions and tracking control we observed that the proposed controller gives better response compared to conventional PID controller and having good robustness towards outer disturbances.
Investigating the influence of nano coolant and cross-sectional variations on microchannel cooling for electronic devices
Authors: BADIGER Ganesh
Published: February 2025

Abstract: This study focuses on assessing the cooling capabilities of microchannels with different cross-sectional geometries for electronic devices. The use of nano coolant and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) research advances microchannel cooling technology, making electronic equipment more reliable and lasting longer. The technique uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models of microchannels with different cross-sections, cooled by Al2O3 nano coolant. The fluid flow behavior and heat transfer properties in the microchannels are studied by running simulations. The CFD results are validated compared to prior experimental and numerical investigations. Parameters including temperature distribution, pressure drop, and heat transfer rate are evaluated to determine the optimal cross-sectional shape for heat removal. Key findings include the trapezoidal cross-section demonstrating the highest heat transfer rate among the defined geometries, and circular microchannels exhibiting optimal performance when hydraulic diameters reach 500 µm and heat carrying capacities are 150 W/cm2, while maintaining a Reynolds number of 650. The study presents groundbreaking observations regarding the impact of cross-sectional geometry on heat transfer efficiency in microchannel cooling systems.