bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ornithogenic vegetation: how significant has the seabird influence been on the Aleutian Island vegetation during the Holocene?
Authors: Smyshlyaeva Olesya , Severova Elena , Krylovich Olga , Kuzmicheva Evgeniya , Savinetsky Arkady , West Dixie , Hatfield Virginia
Published: April 2021

We have studied the long- and short-term periods of seabird influence on
coastal vegetation. In the Aleutian Islands during the Holocene,
terrestrial predators were virtually absent; as a result, large seabird
colonies thrived along the coasts or across entire islands. Bird guano
enriches the soil with nitrogen, which can lead to the formation of
highly modified ornithogenic (bird-formed) ecosystems. The vegetation of
several Aleutian Islands has been reconstructed; however, only the
vegetation on Carlisle Island had noticeable impact from the seabird
guano. For more detailed investigation of bird influence, we conducted
pollen analysis to reconstruct the 9,300-year-old vegetation dynamics of
the coast of Shemya Island. From earlier studies of nitrogen isotopes in
peat, we discovered that a large seabird colony existed on Shemya from
4600 to 2400 years ago, and birds also influenced coastal ecosystems
between 1470–1160 and 810–360 years ago. In these sequences, the
tundra dominated by Ericaceae dwarf shrubs initially spread on the
coast. During a period of at least 2200-years nitrogen enrichment led to
the development of herb meadows with a high presence of Apiaceae. After
a noticeable reduction in seabird colonies due to human hunting,
grass-meadows spread. During the late Holocene several hundred years of
seabird impact led to an increase in abundance of indicator taxa, ferns
and umbelliferous species, as well as in total pollen concentration, but
this did not result in a radical change of dominants. In recent decades,
due to the extinction of the bird colonies, heather communities have
begun to spread on the Shemya coast. Also large ash emissions in the
Aleutian Islands can lead to a decrease in pollen concentration even in
peat located far from an eruption.
Alpine, but not montane, seed plants constitute a biogeographically and climatically distinct species pool across the Americas.
Authors: Figueroa Hector , Marx Hannah , Cortez Maria Beatriz de Souza , Grady Charles , Engle-Wrye Nicholas J. , Beach Jim , Stewart Aimee , Folk Ryan , Soltis Douglas , Soltis Pamela , Smith Stephen
Published: April 2021

Aim Higher elevation habitats contribute substantially to global
biodiversity. Nevertheless, we know comparatively little about how
diversity patterns differ among alpine and montane communities across
different mountain ranges. Here, we characterized the realized niche
space of American seed plants to ask whether or not montane or alpine
community compositions define climatically distinct species pools at
this regional scale. Location Americas. Time Period Contemporary. Major
taxa studied Seed plants. Methods We assembled a niche model dataset of
72,372 American seed plants based on digitized and georeferenced
specimen records. We used this dataset to quantify occupied abiotic
niche space with regards to temperature, precipitation, and elevation.
This approach further permitted differentiation of higher-elevation
specialists (i.e., ranges centered at high elevations) from generalists
(i.e., ranges centered at lower elevations but extending into mountain
areas). Results Montane communities did not differ from the regional
species pool in terms of richness patterns, occupied climatic niche
space, or niche breadth. In contrast, alpine communities were
characterized by a bimodal latitudinal diversity gradient, drastically
reduced climatic niche space, and broader temperature but narrower
precipitation niche breadth. Alpine generalists further showed
statistically significant differences in temperature, but not
precipitation, niche breadth from both alpine specialists and lowland
taxa. We also highlight non-alpine species whose climatic niche space
otherwise overlapped with that of alpine plants. These species were
geographically concentrated in the southern US and Mexico, tended to
have a greater fraction of their ranges in frost-exposed mountain
foothills, and less of their range in lowland, frost-free, areas,
compared to other non-alpine species. Main conclusions These results
suggest that ecological and physiological barriers, rather than
dispersal limitation might better explain alpine community assembly and
that alpine, but not montane, communities form a climatically distinct
species pool in the Americas.
ENSINO DA DISCIPLINA DE CONTABILIDADE GERAL EM CURSOS DE GRADUAÇÃO EM ADMINISTRAÇÃO: UMA ANÁLISE EMPÍRICA DA RELAÇÃO ENTRE A SATISFAÇÃO E O DESEMPENHO DISCENTE
Authors: Carmo Tatiane Silva , Nascimento João Carlos Hipólito Bernardes do , Barbosa Flávia Lorenne Sampaio , Castro Maurício Mendes Boavista de
Published: April 2021

Os conhecimentos contábeis são essenciais para o administrador na execução de suas funções, uma vez que capacita os profissionais para atuarem em contextos competitivos e permeados de constantes mudanças. Nessa perspectiva, o presente estudo buscou investigar, empiricamente, a relação entre a satisfação dos alunos de graduação em Administração, acerca da disciplina de Contabilidade Geral, e o desempenho, auto reportado, obtido nesta disciplina. Para alcançar esse objetivo, realizou-se uma survey com 528 discentes do 3ª ao 8º período de sete Instituições de Ensino Superior, públicas e privadas, das cidades de Floriano-PI, Teresina-PI, Picos-PI e Parnaíba-PI que ofertam o curso de graduação em Administração presencialmente, utilizando, para coleta de dados, o questionário proposto por Paswan e Young (2002) e adaptado ao contexto brasileiro por Beuren, Cunha, Theiss, & Cordeiro (2013). Quanto aos resultados, foram obtidos indícios empíricos que possibilitaram validar a proposta de modelar a “Satisfação Discente” como um construto de segunda ordem, sendo notado, que, o “envolvimento do professor” mostrou-se o construto mais relevante, dentre os investigados, para explicar a satisfação discente. Adicionalmente, observou-se que a “Satisfação Discente” apresenta uma relação direta e positiva no rendimento acadêmico auto reportado (β=0,128; p<0,001), independentemente do efeito das variáveis de controle gênero, idade, período do curso e instituição de ensino. Esses achados mostram-se relevantes ao contribuir para a discussão e análise das peculiaridades e carências no ensino das disciplinas de Contabilidade no curso de Administração, possibilitando que os coordenadores e docentes repensem e proponham ações para a otimização do ensino de Contabilidade para não contadores.
ANTECEDENTES E CONSEQUENTES DA PROCRASTINAÇÃO DE DISCENTES EM DISCIPLINAS DO CURSO DE CIÊNCIAS CONTÁBEIS
Authors: Kaveski Itzhak David Simão , Beuren Ilse Maria
Published: April 2021

Este estudo objetiva verificar os fatores que levam discentes do curso de Ciências Contábeis ao comportamento procrastinador em disciplinas da área e sua influência na vida acadêmica. Pesquisa descritiva foi realizada a partir de um levantamento, tendo como amostra 225 alunos de três universidades, uma particular, uma comunitária e uma pública. Para testar as hipóteses utilizou-se a modelagem de equações estruturais. Os resultados da pesquisa sinalizaram que os antecedentes pessoais e situacionais levam os discentes a procrastinarem as tarefas de disciplinas da área do curso. Constatou-se também que há relação positiva entre a procrastinação e o desvio de conduta acadêmica. Além disso, identificou-se que há relação negativa entre procrastinação e desempenho acadêmico. Conclui-se com base nos resultados que os fatores pessoais e situacionais levam à procrastinação de discentes do curso de Ciências Contábeis em disciplinas da área. Além disso, que o comportamento procrastinador pode afetar tanto o desempenho acadêmico como o desvio de conduta, inclusive colocar em risco as notas das disciplinas e a perda do curso. Os resultados do estudo contribuem para que docentes e discentes reflitam sobre os resultados negativos da procrastinação no decorrer das disciplinas e para a elaboração de planos e estratégias pedagógicas que possam melhorar a trajetória acadêmica dos alunos.
A FUNÇÃO MODERADORA DA AMBIGUIDADE CAUSAL NA RELAÇÃO ENTRE OS RECURSOS INTANGÍVEIS E O DESEMPENHO DAS FIRMAS
Authors: Medeiros Ana Karine Lima de , Sousa Filho José Milton de
Published: April 2021

Esta pesquisa objetiva debater a relação entre os recursos intangíveis e o desempenho das firmas, sob a moderação da ambiguidade causal. Baseado no referencial teórico, identificou-se que os recursos intangíveis (a) capital humano, (b) reputação, (c) desenvolvimento de mercado e (d) interação com a comunidade, possuem características causalmente ambíguas e que poderiam impactar o desempenho das firmas. Com base numa amostra de 66 empresas distribuídas em 5 países da América Latina (Brasil, México, Chile, Colômbia e Argentina), bem como, utilizando-se de regressão linear múltipla, a variável dependente desempenho das firmas, representada pelos indicadores ROA e ROE, foi regredida em função das variáveis independentes para o período de 2011 a 2013. Como resultado, a ambiguidade causal moderou positivamente a relação entre capital humano e desempenho (tanto para ROA como para ROE), bem como, moderou positivamente a relação entre desenvolvimento de mercado e desempenho (considerando o ROE). Desta forma, pode-se afirmar que para a amostra analisada, os investimentos em capital humano e desenvolvimento de mercado impactaram no desempenho das firmas, quando moderados pela ambiguidade causal. Por fim, é limitada a produção científica sobre o tema mecanismos de isolamento sob a ótica da RBV, onde se encaixa a ambiguidade causal, no Brasil, bem como, na América Latina. Desta forma, os resultados desta pesquisa exploratória intentam contribuir na ampliação das discussões sobre o assunto, na intersecção de estudos sobre recursos intangíveis, ambiguidade causal e desempenho, bem como, abre possibilidades para futuras pesquisas.
UZ-priznaki germinogennyh opuholej yaichnikov u beremennyh pered hirurgicheskim lecheniem ili himioterapiej
Authors: Герасимова А. А. , Клименко П. А.
Published: April 2021

Problemu differencial'noj diagnostiki opuholej yaichnikov reshayut s pomoshch'yu kompleksnogo ul'trazvukovogo issledovaniya (UZI), nesmotrya na to chto ono yavlyaetsya operatorozavisimym metodom iz-za sub"ektivnoj interpretacii poluchennyh dannyh. Cel'yu issledovaniya bylo ocenit' UZ-priznaki dobrokachestvennyh i zlokachestvennyh germinogennyh opuholej yaichnikov (DGOYA i ZGOYA) u beremennyh dlya opredeleniya vozmozhnosti hirurgicheskogo lecheniya i provedeniya himioterapii (HT). Issledovanie provodili s pomoshch'yu logregressionnyh modelej. V nem uchastvovali 199 beremennyh zhenshchin s DGOYA i ZGOYA. Iz nih 183 pacientki imeli dobrokachestvennye opuholi, devyat' — zlokachestvennye. Dlya ocenki menstrual'noj funkcii i fertil'nosti v issledovanie byli vklyucheny sem' beremennyh posle provedennogo ranee lecheniya ZGOYA. Poluchennye na dooperacionnom etape rezul'taty obsledovaniya sopostavlyali s morfologicheskimi issledovaniyami. Vypolnyali hirurgicheskoe lechenie v organosohranyayushchem ob"eme (odnostoronnyuyu adneksektomiyu), pri neobhodimosti — HT na osnove cisplatina. Izuchali perinatal'nye iskhody. Mediana nablyudeniya s momenta vyyavleniya ZGOYA do okonchaniya issledovaniya sostavila 66 mesyacev (12–240 mesyacev). Obnaruzheno, chto differencirovat' DGOYA so ZGOYA vozmozhno s pomoshch'yu kompleksnogo UZI i logregressionnyh modelej (chuvstvitel'nost' metoda — 100%, specifichnost' — 92,3%, summarnaya tochnost' — 92,8%). Ogranicheno chislo necelesoobraznyh operacij pri DGOYA i uluchsheny iskhody beremennosti, rodov. Hirurgicheskoe lechenie ZGOYA u devyati beremennyh vypolneno v organosohranyayushchem ob"eme, u troih — s posleduyushchej HT, chto pozvolilo realizovat' reproduktivnyj potencial.
Developing a traditional village-based governance system for tourism destination in Bali
Authors: Agung Anak Agung Putu , Tamba I Made , Brata Ida Bagus
Published: April 2021

The research of the tourist destination management system is very much the object of this investigation, in which it analyzes: (1) Income distribution policy in the management of the tourist destination of Pandawa beach, (2) Monitoring system in the management of the tourist destination of Pandawa beach, (3) Synergy of support to interested parties in the management of the tourist destination of Pandawa beach , (4) Promotion system to improve the visit to the tourist destination of Pandawa beach, (5) Management system as a model of Pandawa Beach as Tourist Destination, Kutuh Village, South Kuta, Bali. Through qualitative-descriptive and quantitative research, the data were treated and the results highlight the relevance of a Tourist Reception System planned and designed to project its scope.
Social and personal orientation of learning activity as the basis for students’ professional development
Authors: Mitsan Elena L. , Ovsyannikova Elena A. , Samarokova Irina V. , Kharitonova Svetlana V. , Ivanov Alexey G. , Chernykh Oksana P.
Published: April 2021

The present article discusses the problem of development of students’ professional orientation. The article presents an author’s complex of pedagogical conditions that facilitate students’ professional development in institution of higher learning. The complex embraces the following: revelation and formation of students’ values; creation of an educational environment in an institute of higher education that promotes self-realization of an individual; consideration of the subject experience of students; development of pedagogical abilities of future teachers; development of professional skills of university teachers as the basis for formation of professional orientation. Moreover, the article describes the results of experimental work which has confirmed the effectiveness of the developed complex of pedagogical conditions that ensure the development of students’ professional orientation in an institute of higher education based on personality orientation of academic work.
Constitutional experience in formalizing the spheres of interaction between the chambers of parliaments of the countries of the South African Region
Authors: Bezuglya Anna A. , Kulishenko Ekaterina A. , Lepeshkina Olga V. , Nikonova Ludmila I. , Shamaeva Karina V.
Published: April 2021

This article presents the results of a comparative legal analysis of the constitutions of the countries of South Africa regarding the consolidation of the constitutional spheres of interaction of the chambers of parliaments in them. The study showed that the typical (universal) areas of interaction between the chambers of parliament include: the legislative sphere; the security sphere and the control sphere. The international sphere, which involves the interaction of the chamber of parliament on the ratification of international treaties (Eswatini, South Africa), is atypical for the states of the studied group of countries. We concluded during the study that the typical and atypical areas of interaction between the chambers of parliament in the South Africa reflect both the established practice and the independent approaches of states to the constitutional formalization of the joint powers of the chambers of parliament.
Elemental Characterization of African Locust Beans (Parkia biglobosa) in Igbope, Oyo State of Nigeria
Authors: ABORISADE Caleb Ayoade , Bakare Latif M. , Balogun Fatai Olabanji
Published: April 2021

African locus beans (Parkia biglobosa) tree is a perennial legume tree that grows naturally in Africa and one of the trees the Forest Rangers enforced that farmers must preserve in their farmland because of its usefulness.  Parkia biglobosa when fermented can be used to produce Iru and other useful products. This work employed the Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) in the determination of major, minor and trace element constituents of leaves, seeds, stem in Parkia biglobosa from Igbope, using a 2.5 MeV proton ion beam analysis (IBA) facility.  The samples contain nineteen (19) elements namely; Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, Sr, Y and Ba.  Calcium has the highest average concentration 17183.2±25.8 ppm in the stem, followed by Sulphur 15361.7±20.0 ppm in the seed.   The seed that is locally fermented to produce Iru has a higher concentration of Fe 1266.8±12.3 ppm.  The results showed that Parkia biglobosa analysed in this work consist of several micro, major and trace elements of importance to human health.  The plant is also free of harmful elements that can be hazardous to human health when consumed or used as herbal medicine.
Organizational Storytelling Translated to Successful Business
Authors: Eskola Anne , Hundal Shab
Published: April 2021

In 2007, two friends decided to establish a new IT company, but not just another software company – a phrase that later became one of their slogans. The Finnish IT company called Vincit has turned out to be a success story both financially and in terms of personnel and customer satisfaction. The company is known for its skillful use of media as a deliverer of their company story. This paper examines organizational storytelling through media. The empirical data was gathered between 2012 and 2019, and it is analyzed using narrative analysis focusing on the types of stories told and how they are narrated.
Is the Electronic Recruitment In Algeria : The Alternative or Complement to the Regular Conscription?
Authors: Keltouma Tafiani Born  Boufatah
Published: April 2021

This study aims to find out whether the internet approach can achieve a high percentage of equality and provide rational job quality. According to some studies, or can say that by following this approach (the internet), the inequality of recruitment can be reduced proportionally by facilitating meetings, interviews, contacts and exchanges.Algeria is among the countries most thirsty for qualifications and fairness in recruitment, for this reason our human resources management specialists find that the use of websites and social networks can alleviate some problems.
Computer Self-Efficacy and Facilitating Conditions as Correlates of Behavioural Intention to Use Electronic Information Resources by Master of Business Administration Students in Federal Universities in Nigeria
Authors: Olawale Bamidele , Popoola S. O.
Published: April 2021

The focus of this research work was to investigate computer self-efficacy and facilitating conditions as correlates of behavioural intention to use electronic information resources by MBA students in Nigeria federal universities.  Cluster sampling technique was adopted for the study and systematic sampling technique was used to select 60% of the total population of the MBA students across the ten federal universities offering the programme based on probability and proportionate size. Data were collected using questionnaire designed to elicit response from respondents and analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis, Multiple Regression Analysis using Partial Lease Square Method (PLSEM), Mean, Standard Deviation and Percentages. However, out of one thousand two hundred and seventy (1,270) copies of questionnaire administered to the respondents, one thousand and fifteen copies (1,015) were returned which represents 79.9% response rate for the study.  Findings revealed that the level computer self-efficacy and facilitating conditions of MBA students towards use of electronic information resources in Nigeria federal universities was high. However, the study concluded that university managements and librarians should ensure rapid adoption and diffusion of ICTs and be proactive by developing relevant ICT policies and strategies toward effective and sustainable electronic information resources development in Nigerian universities, as well as promoting the use of relevant electronic information resources by MBA students to improve their quality of research and global competitiveness.
Escritores que dibujan
Authors: Gagliardi Lucas
Published: April 2021

Si bien existen numerosos artistas que han cultivado obras literarias y plásticas en paralelo, poco se ha estudiado el modo en que sus producciones visuales se vinculan con la literaria y viceversa. En este artículo se analiza la relación entre los dibujos y la escritura de J. K. Rowling. Utilizamos elementos de la crítica genética y los estudios comparados para pensar lo que se dicen mutuamente las producciones visuales y literarias de esta autora sobre el universo ficcional de Harry Potter.
«Y que un bello cuadro es una eyaculación»
Authors: Pagnanelli Ayelén
Published: April 2021

En este artículo se analiza, desde una perspectiva de género, el discurso invencionista. Intenta desmontar el androcentrismo de la propuesta plástica del arte abstracto en Buenos Aires desde mediados de la década de 1940. Examina textos teóricos y poéticos producidos por los grupos de abstracción Asociación Arte Concreto-Invención y Madí y, en particular, la revista Arturo. Se sugiere que mediante el uso de conceptos como proceso artístico, pureza y neutralidad sexual, los artistas de la abstracción construyeron un discurso androcéntrico que consideraba a los varones como productores ideales de las obras.
Cnêmon, o injustiçado
Authors: Graebin Geruza de Souza
Published: April 2021

No primeiro livro do romance Etiópicas, Cnêmon, o prisioneiro dos piratas do Nilo, torna-se o intérprete dos protagonistas Teágenes e Caricleia, para quem narra os seus infortúnios. Dentre as histórias, consta o relato do julgamento ao qual ele, um ateniense de família distinta, foi submetido, sob a acusação de tentativa de parricídio. Na versão de Cnêmon, os juízes são evidentemente levados pelo πάθος e pelo ἦθος dos acusadores, enquanto ele, como réu, tem seus direitos de fala cerceados. A análise desse relato secundário, que pode ser considerado um romance dentro do romance, fornece elementos fundamentais sobre a noção de δίκη. Se, por um lado, o contexto imediato do julgamento ao qual Cnêmon faz menção leva à conclusão de que ele foi, de fato, prejudicado pela justiça humana (Etiop.,1.13), por outro, o contexto maior do relato dá a entender que ele é protegido e vingado pela Δίκη (Etiop.,1.14.4). A reflexão a respeito da atuação da justiça, introduzida no romance via esse relato secundário, é retomada em outros pontos do romance, evidenciando a utilização de técnicas narrativas com fins argumentativos pelo autor das Etiópicas.
recriação, o retorno e o eterno novo
Authors: Amarante José
Published: April 2021

Propõe-se, neste artigo, ao se retomarem as relações entre Filosofia e Literatura, uma discussão sobre a tradução de poesia, levando-se em conta, principalmente, o pensamento de Walter Benjamin, Roman Jakobson, Ezra Pound, Jacques Derrida e Haroldo de Campos. Para além da discussão, o trabalho traz ainda recriações de epigramas latinos da autoria de Décimo Magno Ausônio, um poeta do séc. IV e.c., também ele recriador de outros poemas. Nessas recriações, realizadas a partir da edição crítica de Roger Green, experimenta-se o exercício de enfrentamento de poemas inçados de dificuldades e, portanto, mais abertos a recriações, conforme propõe Campos. Trata-se, pois, de uma forma de investimento criativo em um dos tipos do make it new poundiano, uma vez que as recriações lidam com aspectos do extratexto cuja tradução se mostrou esteticamente potente e produtiva não via transcriação, mas via recriação, reimaginação ou reinvenção.
sistema de notação musical na Antiguidade Clássica
Authors: Rocha Roosevelt
Published: April 2021

Neste texto apresento as informações básicas sobre a origem e o desenvolvimento do sistema de notação musical utilizado pelos músicos da Antiguidade greco-romana. Tomando como base os livros de West, Mathiesen e Hagel, trato da relação entre a evolução do sistema de notação e as transformações que aconteceram no que diz respeito à performance musical, mostrando que a notação surgiu a partir de um núcleo simples de símbolos e se expandiu até um sistema complexo e extenso. Desse modo, pretendo demonstrar que é importante estudar a notação musical antiga de um ponto de vista histórico para compreender seu funcionamento e sua relação com a prática e com a teoria musical.
Unbalanced Development – Regional Disparity Analysis in Serbia
Authors: Manić Emilija , Mitrović Đorđe
Published: April 2021

The unbalanced regional development is one of the biggest socioeconomic challenges in Serbia. It is a multidimensional and multi-level regional imbalance that, according to almost all socioeconomic indicators, shows a growing trend in the first decades of the 21st century. This paper presents an analysis of the selected demographic, social, and economic indicators by using DEA methodology. The dynamic component of the studied imbalance was taken into account by calculating the Malmquist Productivity Index. The calculated index undoubtedly shows that there are differences between regions (not only between the northern and southern regions, but also within the regions themselves). The results also point out that the changes of the input usage efficiency have strongly influenced the ranks of the districts within the national territories.
In vitro clonal propagation and efficient acclimatization with use of hydrogel of intensively sweet medicinal plant Lippia dulcis Trev.
Authors: Tomaszewska-Sowa Magdalena
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The leaves of Lippia dulcis contain high amounts of hernandulcin. It is one thousand fold sweeter than sucrose, however, it hardly contains any calories.

Objective: The aim of this research was to optimalisation of micropropagation and acclimatization of L dulcis

Methods: The nodal explants were inoculated on phytohormone-free MS medium. After 6 weeks the explants were inoculated onto the MS medium with different plant growth regulators. Well-developed rooted plantlets were adapted to ex vitro conditions using hydrogel.

Results: On the medium with BAP and NAA the highest number of shoots were produced. The higest average shoot length, number of the leaves and the leaf area were recorded on the medium with GA3. Adding IBA increased the number of roots. The addition of hydrogel enhanced the acclimatization efficiency.

Conclusions: There was observed a positive, stimulating influence of growth regulators on mass propagation and increase in the number of leaves and the leaf area and influence of hydrogel on the development of plantlets during acclimatization.
Passport data and valorisation data of 33 accessions from the collection of genetic resources of the species Linum usitatissimum L.
Authors: Silska Grażyna
Published: April 2021

Introduction: In 2020, the Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants (INF&MP) implemented the contract No. 7/PW 1.2 – IWNiRZ Poznań/KCRZG/2020 for the performance of a research service under the long-term programme “Creating scientific foundations for biological progress and protection of plant genetic resources as a source of innovation and support for sustainable agriculture and safety food for country”.

Objective: The aim of the research was to prepare passport and valorisation data for 33 accessions of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) sown at the INF&MP Experimental Station in Pętkowo.

Methods: The field experiment was conducted on 33 samples of flax seeds, which were sown on an area of 1.6 m2. Morphological features were presented by means of numerical data and their evaluation. The agricultural characteristics (numerical values and percentage of the collective pattern) and lengths of vegetation period were also presented. The evaluation of the performed characteristics of flax accessions was presented numerically and the data were given to the International Flax Database.

Results: On the basis of paper documentation, the country of origin of the accessions, the type of genotypes by origin (landrace, variety) and the date of inclusion of the accessions in the flax collection were determined. The results of the characterization of morphological trials were as follows: the total plant length of the flax plants ranged from 51.4 cm (La Estanzuella 117) to 76.5 cm (WUKR 06-417) According to the methodology of the International Flax Database, the total plant length were short (28 accessions), medium short (3) and medium (1). Technical length was usually short (28 accessions) and medium short (4 accessions). Stem thickness for all accessions was medium: 1.6–2.5 mm. The length of the panicle was long only for the Opal variety, for 25 accessions - medium and short for 6 accessions. A number of bolls from panicle was: 9.1–30.8. The 1000 seed weight was low for 25 accessions of flax and very low for 8 genotypes of flax.

Conclusions: Both studied vegetation periods were short in the following flax accessions: AC Linora, Manchwrian, Noralta and T-397. Flax genotype WUKR-846 (I2010/0031) should be deleted from the flax genetic resources collection and considered as worthless as breeding material. The WUKR 06-417 accession collected during the field expedition is distinguished by a high fibre content – 27%. The highest seed yield per plot was obtained from the cultivation of the following linseed flax cultivars: Redwood, AC Mc Duff, Norlin, Noralta and Jenny.
Effects of Plyometric, Strength and Change of Direction Training on High-School Basketball Player’s Physical Fitness
Authors: Sáez de Villarreal Eduardo , Molina Jose , de Castro-Maqueda Guillermo , Gutiérrez-Manzanedo José
Published: April 2021

The study aim was to compare the effects of a 7-week plyometric, strength and change of direction (COD) training program on basketball-specific performance measures in high-school players. Forty male players were randomly assigned to one of the four groups: plyometric (PG, n = 10), strength (SG, n = 10), COD (CODG, n = 10), and control group training (CG, n = 10). Two training sessions were performed at weekly intervals before basketball training. Performance of the counter movement jump (CMJ), Abalakov jump (ABKJ), 10 m zig-zag sprint, 20 m in line sprint (measurements at 10 and 20 m), and sit and reach flexibility test (SRFT) was assessed before and after the intervention. A 4 (group) × 2 (time) repeated measures analysis of variances (ANOVA) was conducted for each variable. Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used when the interaction was significant. Significant (all p < 0.05) time x group interaction was noted for SRFT, CMJ, ABK, sprint, and zig-zag 10 m, in favor of the experimental groups compared to the control group. However, improvements in physical fitness were similar between the three experimental groups. In conclusion, 7 weeks of specific plyometric, strength and COD training produced similar medium to large improvements in physical fitness of high-school basketball players.
Performing Repetitions To Failure in Lower-Limb Single-Joint Exercise does not Reduce Countermovement Jump Performance in Trained Male Adults
Authors: Costa Bruna , Ferreira Danielly , Gantois Petrus , Lima-Júnior Dalton , Kassiano Witalo , Cyrino Edilson , Fortes Leonardo
Published: April 2021

Performing repetitions to failure (RF) is a strategy that might acutely reduce neuromuscular performance, as well as increase the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and the internal training load (ITL) during and after a resistance training (RT) session. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the acute effects of RF or repetitions not to failure (RNF) on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance and the ITL in trained male adults. Eleven men performed two experimental protocols in randomized order (RF vs. RNF). Under the RF condition, participants performed three sets of the leg extension exercise using 100% of the 10RM load and rest intervals of 180-s between sets. Under the RNF condition, participants were submitted to six sets of five repetitions with the same intensity and an 80-s rest interval between sets in the same exercise. The CMJ test was analyzed before and following (15-s and 30-min, respectively) each experimental session. The ITL was evaluated by multiplying the RPE and the total session time, 30-min after the protocol. No main effect or interaction time vs. condition was found for CMJ performance (p > 0.05). In contrast, the ITL showed higher values under the RF condition (p = 0.003). Therefore, even though RF-induced a greater ITL, our results suggest that adopting this strategy in one single-joint exercise for the lower limbs does not seem sufficient to reduce CMJ height.
Who Can Find My Devices? Security and Privacy of Apple’s Crowd-Sourced Bluetooth Location Tracking System
Authors: Heinrich Alexander , Stute Milan , Kornhuber Tim , Hollick Matthias
Published: April 2021

Overnight, Apple has turned its hundreds-of-million-device ecosystem into the world’s largest crowd-sourced location tracking network called o~ine finding (OF). OF leverages online finder devices to detect the presence of missing o~ine devices using Bluetooth and report an approximate location back to the owner via the Internet. While OF is not the first system of its kind, it is the first to commit to strong privacy goals. In particular, OF aims to ensure finder anonymity, prevent tracking of owner devices, and confidentiality of location reports. This paper presents the first comprehensive security and privacy analysis of OF. To this end, we recover the specifications of the closed-source OF protocols by means of reverse engineering. We experimentally show that unauthorized access to the location reports allows for accurate device tracking and retrieving a user’s top locations with an error in the order of 10 meters in urban areas. While we find that OF’s design achieves its privacy goals, we discover two distinct design and implementation flaws that can lead to a location correlation attack and unauthorized access to the location history of the past seven days, which could deanonymize users. Apple has partially addressed the issues following our responsible disclosure. Finally, we make our research artifacts publicly available.
ML-CB: Machine Learning Canvas Block
Authors: Reitinger Nathan , Mazurek Michelle L.
Published: April 2021

With the aim of increasing online privacy, we present a novel, machine-learning based approach to blocking one of the three main ways website visitors are tracked online—canvas fingerprinting. Because the act of canvas fingerprinting uses, at its core, a JavaScript program, and because many of these programs are reused across the web, we are able to fit several machine learning models around a semantic representation of a potentially offending program, achieving accurate and robust classifiers. Our supervised learning approach is trained on a dataset we created by scraping roughly half a million websites using a custom Google Chrome extension storing information related to the canvas. Classification leverages our key insight that the images drawn by canvas fingerprinting programs have a facially distinct appearance, allowing us to manually classify files based on the images drawn; we take this approach one step further and train our classifiers not on the malleable images themselves, but on the more-difficult-to-change, underlying source code generating the images. As a result, ML-CB allows for more accurate tracker blocking.
Evaluation of the Cohesive Properties of SBS-Modified Binders at Low Temperatures
Authors: Kök Baha Vural , Erkuş Yunus , Yilmaz Mehmet
Published: April 2021

The durability, fatigue resistance, and low-temperature behavior of asphalt layers are greatly affected by the properties of bitumen. Therefore, the composition of bitumen is frequently modified to improve the performance of asphalt mixtures. Sty-rene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) has been the most often used additive recently. Researchers are trying to improve the cohesive and adhesive properties of binders by such polymer-based additives. In this study, 160/220 penetration grade bitumen and Kraton D 1101 SBS were used. The present study contains a new evaluation for determining the cohesive behavior of SBS-modified binders at -1°C, -3°C, and -5°C. The results of this evaluation were compared to conventional and rheological test results. Penetration, softening point, viscosity, dynamic shear rheometer, and bending beam rheometer tests were therefore conducted. Finally, the results of a low-temperature tensile test were found to be consistent with the results of the other tests; hence, they also confirm the cohesive behavior of SBS-modified binders at low temperatures.
Poverty in the European Union and in Russia: A comparative analysis
Authors: ERMAKOVA Eka R. , VASHURKINA Dar'ya V.
Published: April 2021

Subject. The article considers and compares methods used in the European and domestic practice for determining the poverty line. Objectives. Our aim is to underpin the need to abandon the absolute approach to determining the poverty line in Russia in favor of relative approaches. Methods. We employ general scientific methods of cognition (comparison, analysis, and synthesis) and special methods of economic science (rationed assessments). The data of the Federal State Statistics Service and its territorial bodies, the Statistical Office of the European Communities, etc. serve as the information base of the study. Results. The paper shows the failure of the absolute approach to poverty measurement, reveals its shortcomings, determines that it distorts the picture of economic reality in the study of poverty. We apply the European monetary approach to poverty measurement. The comparative analysis of poverty rates in Western Europe and in Russia confirms the existence of extreme forms of poverty, both in developed European States and in our country. The paper uses the ‘zone theory’ to assess the severity of poverty in Russia; the actual values of these indicators in Western Europe serve as thresholds. Conclusions. The use of the relative monetary approach to measure poverty in the country gives a more accurate idea. Since 2021, Russia has switched to a similar method of calculating the subsistence rate and the minimum wage. Hence, the officially recorded level of poverty in the country will increase, and this will require additional measures to support the poor by the State.
The Philosophy‐Literature Interface
Authors: May Brendan
Published: April 2021

Analytic philosophy has come to dominate modern academic thought.  It is a method of study that attempts to solve problems through a logical analysis of the terms in which they are expressed.  In many ways, analytic philosophy strives not to discover new metaphysical or supernatural truths.  Rather, it is meant to provide a deeper understanding of existing truths.  This strain of philosophy, I believe, sets forth exactly those goals and methods of thinking upon which philosophy should concentrate.  The investigation and clarification of the state of the world, whether through logic, metaphysics, value theory, or epistemology, is an invaluable development that is best suited to philosophical analysis.   However, this restricted focus means that something must pick up where philosophy leaves off.  The solutions to any potential problems or shortcomings necessarily imposed on analytic philosophy need to be found within a different realm of study.  This support to philosophy can be found in the study of English, or literature.  Neither realm of thought is more inherently valuable.  Each is needed for different reasons, and each relies on the other.  Philosophy needs literature to enter the modes of thought into which it cannot validly stray.  Literature needs philosophy to provide a stable base of thought from which it can imaginatively expand.  In short, no set of ideas can stand alone, and the rise of analytic philosophy has made its discipline’s role extremely clear.  It has also made evident the fact that philosophy’s greatest ally and clearest counterpart is literature.
Give it Away Now: An Explanation of the Empirical Results of the Ultimatum and Centipede Games
Authors: Mulligan Liam
Published: April 2021

Economics defines individual rationality as consumers making choices that maximize their utility in anticipation of the future consequences of these choices.  In theory, a consumer will take his or her income and allocate it towards purchases that maximize his or her utility given his or her stable of reasonably static preferences (in the short run) and estimated changes to preferences in the long run.  In order for an agent to maximize his or her utility, the agent must also maximize his or her income.   However, behavioural studies on human decisions in economic games (game theory) have shown that consumers do not always maximize their income.  Two games in particular (Ultimatum and Centipede) have demonstrated that seemingly rational players may not maximize income, whether for perceived fairness, justice, or punishment.  Practical applications of these results are observed in labour relations when striking unionized employees earn less with a labour stoppage than they would have if they had avoided losing time at work.  Specifically, a seven week strike in 2008 by CUPE Local 855 (Kawartha Lakes) is examined.  It is determined that all four job types in the City of Kawartha Lakes Children’s Services department lost income because of the strike.  Reasoning and empirical results from both the Ultimatum and Centipede games will be used to explain the Union’s decision to strike and to strike for as long as they did
Empowering Residents and Families for Care Decisions at End of Life
Authors: Barnett Eva L. , Reese Susan
Published: April 2021

Emphasis on client‐centred care is the philosophy for most health care institutions. Long‐term care nursing homes have adopted this philosophy as well, with added emphasis on quality End‐of‐Life Care. Medical advancements have made End‐of‐Life care more complex and individuals and families are often asked to make crucial care decisions in the midst of crisis for their loved ones that may not be in accordance with the actual wishes of their loved ones.  Fairmount Nursing Home in Glenburnie has been a leader in their expertise in client centered care. This setting provided a welcoming environment for two of the Queen’s 4 th year nursing students to complete a practicum in Community Health Promotion. Our goal was to increase quality of care at End‐of‐Life by stimulating conversations around advanced decision‐ making. The focus was on expanding the knowledge of residents and their families and Substitute Decision Makers and thereby prompting thoughts about discussion before acute illness or crisis. A social assessment and literature search revealed that everyone has “a story to tell” about a personal End‐of‐Life experience. Through the development of a toolkit, reminders in the Fairmount monthly newsletter to advise readers of resources, and a presentation of information and resources at“Family Night”, we intended to encourage earlier important and focused conversations between residents, families and staff. We found that the information we presented promoted both discussion and questions regarding End‐of‐ Life. Strategic work must continue in order to assist people of all ages and stages of life to talk about their values and wishes before a health crisis intervenes and the opportunity for thoughtful choice is lost.
Deontic Reasoning and Social‐Convention Learning in Preschoolers
Authors: Mak Joyce
Published: April 2021

Deontic reasoning is the understanding of what may, must, or ought (not) to be done under given circumstances (Wellman & Miller, 2008).  Deontic logic is often applied to social‐conventional rules (such as "set the table with the fork on the left") to give those social‐ conventions moral force, even though most people would agree that  arbitrary social conventions are morally neutral. A critical question concerns whether the connection between social‐conventions and deontic logic is present in young children, or learned more slowly over time.  To examine this, we provided forty‐eight (24 male; 24 female) 3‐year‐ old children with an arbitrary rule for a game involving yellow and orange balls. For half the children the rule was provided with deontic language (e.g., "you should use the orange balls"), and half were not (e.g., "use the orange balls"). Additionally, half the children were given a social‐ conventional rationale (e.g., "everyone does it that way"), while the other half were given a moral rationale (e.g., "it's the right thing to do"). If children understand that deontic logic applies even to social‐ conventional rules, then we expect that they will comply with the arbitrary game rule most when the rule is provided with deontic language and a moral rationale. This research will help parents and early childhood caregivers to better understand how young children view social‐conventional rules. This in turn will provide insight into how these social conventional rules, which are highly valued and critical to learn, might best be taught within families, day cares, and classrooms.
Organic Farm Environmental Design
Authors: Zabrodski Adam , Janzen Ryan , Eichhorn Geoff , Sellars Julia
Published: April 2021

Organic farming has regulations for water and soil quality that must be met in order to become certified. A farm approximately 50 km from Kingston is trying to convert to a certified organic operation to supply Queen’s University with domestic produce. To ensure the farm can be certified, extensive testing of the water and soil is necessary to ascertain that the property is free from contaminants. Monitoring wells were installed on the property and water samples were tested to ensure they met regulations, as were soil samples. The soil was also classified for its suitability for agriculture. GPS and Geophysical surveys were implemented to model the bedrock and map the height of the water table to determine groundwater flow in the area. To promote sustainability, a literature review of alternative energy sources was completed including the applicability of wind, solar, and geothermal energy as well as biodiesel. This research in conjunction with field‐testing was used to decide on a final design for the farm, including water management, suggested energy sources, and agricultural land used
The Role of Psychological Attachment in Trust Violation and Repair
Authors: Dangaltcheva Antonia
Published: April 2021

Interpersonal trust is the willingness to accept vulnerability based upon positive expectations about another person’s behaviour. A breach in trust occurs when these expectations are not met. Apologies are one way to restore trusting relations and encourage forgiveness. Because past relationships may affect both trust development and forgiveness, I draw on psychological attachment theory for insight into the nature of people’s past relationships. A person may develop one of three attachment styles: secure, anxious, or avoidant. A secure style represents a normal healthy relationship, whereas anxious individuals cling to others and fear rejection and avoidant individuals are self reliant and distance themselves from others. This laboratory experiment tests the extent to which individuals with different attachment styles develop trust with a stranger, change their emotions and reported trust levels after the trust has been violated, and respond to an apology designed to repair trust. To develop trust in the laboratory, participants share information about themselves and complete an obstacle course while blindfolded. Trust violation then occurs during a planned activity early in the experiment, after which half of the participants receive an apology and the other half do not. Questionnaires then assess levels of emotion and trust, which are compared between individuals in the apology and no‐apology conditions. This research may help establish a close relationship between attachment style and trust violation and repair. Future research may look into other ways to repair trust, particularly for insecure individuals who may not respond positively to an apology.