bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planungsschritte zur Umsetzung eines Ganzglaspavillons nach dem Faltwerkprinzip
Authors: Schulz Isabell , Drass Michael , Teich Martien , Schneider Jens
Published: December 2021

Anhand eines Beispielprojektes werden in diesem Beitrag die einzelnen Planungsschritte und die damit verbundenen Herausforderungen bei der Konzeption einer gläsernen Faltwerkkonstruktion beleuchtet. Dabei werden, angefangen beim architektonischen Entwurf bis hin zur statischen Bemessung und näheren Betrachtung des Verbindungsdetails, hilfreiche Planungstools und deren Grenzen vorgestellt. Neben ästhetischen und statischen Gesichtspunkten werden auch wirtschaftliche und konstruktive Aspekte der Umsetzung erörtert. Der Beitrag liefert eine Begründung, weshalb Faltwerke bisher nur selten und in wenig komplexer Ausführung Anwendung im Glasbau finden. In dieser Hinsicht zeigt sich insbesondere das Verbindungsdetail als kritische Komponente.

The planning process of a glass folded plate pavilion. By the means of a specific project example this article aims to examine the planning steps and arising challenges when designing a glass folded plate structure. From the architectural to the structural design over a closer look into the connection detail helpful planning tools and their limits will be presented. Besides aesthetic and static aspects also economic factors and challenges concerning the constructive application will be addressed, aiming to give reasons why the surface‐active structural type of folded plates has yet only been scarcely represented in glass construction. Especially the connection detail reveals itself to be a critical component.
Untersuchungen zur Vernetzung EVA‐basierter Verbundfolien und daraus resultierender Eigenschaften
Authors: Bornemann Steffen , Thavayogarajah Nishanth , Riedel Kristin
Published: December 2021

Verbundfolien, das Rückgrat von Verbundsicherheitsgläsern darstellend, gibt es in unterschiedlichen Arten, welche sich in der polymeren Struktur und auch in den Eigenschaften unterscheiden. Im Unterschied zu Verbundfolien auf Basis thermoplastischer Kunststoffe wie Polyvinylbutyral oder Ionomeren sind Verbundfolien auf Basis von thermoplastischelastomeren Ethylen‐Vinylacetat‐Copolymeren vernetzbar, was im Verarbeitungsprozess zu einem duroplastisch‐elastomeren Material führt. Art und Grad der Vernetzung lassen sich über Temperatur und Zeit steuern und führen letztendlich zu Produkten mit unterschiedlichsten Eigenschaften. Anhand praxisnaher Beispiele wird der Einfluss der Vernetzung auf die grundlegenden Eigenschaften von Verbundfolien bzw. daraus gefertigter Produkte diskutiert.

Investigation of crosslinkable EVA‐based laminating films and their resulting properties. Laminating films, the backbone of laminated safety glasses, are available in different types, which differ basically in their polymer structure and also in their basic properties. In contrast to laminating films based on thermoplastics such as polyvinyl butyral or ionomers, laminating film based on thermoplastic‐elastomer like ethylene‐vinyl acetate co‐polymer is crosslinkable, which results in a thermoset‐elastomeric material after the lamination process. The type and degree of crosslinking can be controlled by temperature and time, which ultimately leads to products with different properties. Adding some practical applications, the influence of crosslinking on the basic properties of laminating films or rather on the end products is discussed here.
Tetra‐Substituted p‐Tert‐Butylcalix[4]Arene with Phosphoryl and Salicylamide Functional Groups: Synthesis, Complexation and Selective Extraction of f‐Element Cations
Authors: Glasneck Florian , Roode‐Gutzmer Quirina I. , Stumpf Thorsten , Kersting Berthold
Published: December 2021

A new series of lanthanide (1–5) and uranyl (6) complexes with a tetra‐substituted bifunctional calixarene ligand H2L is described. The coordination environment for the Ln3+ and UO22+ ions is provided by phosphoryl and salicylamide functional groups appended to the lower rim of the p‐tert‐butylcalix[4]arene scaffold. Ligand interactions with lanthanide cations (light: La3+, Pr3+; intermediate: Eu3+ and Gd3+; and heavy: Yb3+), as well as the uranyl cation (UO22+) is examined in the solution and solid state, respectively with spectrophotometric titration and single crystal X‐ray diffractometry. The ligand is fully deprotonated in the complexation of trivalent lanthanide ions forming di‐cationic complexes 2 : 2 M : L, [Ln2(L)2(H2O)]2+ (1–5), in solution, whereas uranyl formed a 1 : 1 M : L complex [UO2(L)(MeOH)]∞ (6) that demonstrated very limited solubility in 12 organic solvents. Solvent extraction behaviour is examined for cation selectivity and extraction efficiency. H2L was found to be an effective extracting agent for UO22+ over La3+ and Yb3+ cations. The separation factors at pH 6.0 are: βUO
/La
=121.0 and βUO
/Yb
=70.0.
Carrier Protein‐Free Enzymatic Biaryl Coupling in Arylomycin A2 Assembly and Structure of the Cytochrome P450 AryC
Authors: Aldemir Hülya , Shu Shuangjie , Schaefers Francoise , Hong Hanna , Richarz René , Harteis Sabrina , Einsiedler Manuel , Milzarek Tobias M. , Schneider Sabine , Gulder Tobias A. M.
Published: December 2021

Invited for the cover of this issue are Sabine Schneider, Tobias A. M. Gulder and co‐workers at Technical University of Dresden, Technical University of Munich and Ludwig‐Maximillians‐University Munich. The image depicts the crystal structure of the cytochrome P450 AryC from arylomycin biosynthesis. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202103389.
Regio‐ and Diasteroselective C‐Silylation of Enolate Enabled by a β‐Boronyl Group
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhan Miao , Li Pengfei
Published: December 2021

Comprehensive Summary

Silyl enol ethers are often obtained when the lithium enolates are trapped with chlorosilanes. Herein, we report a general method for the regio‐ and diasteroselective C‐silylation of enolate enabled by the β‐boronyl group. The formation of five‐membered chelation intermediate is key to the C‐selective silylation and anti‐selectivity. The operationally simple protocol provides a general and predictable access to the α‐silylated esters. The synthetic versatility of the boron–silicon bifunctional products was demonstrated by down‐stream transformations.
Prescribing Morse Scalar Curvatures: Pinching and Morse Theory
Authors: Malchiodi Andrea , Mayer Martin
Published: December 2021

We consider the problem of prescribing conformally the scalar curvature on compact manifolds of positive Yamabe class in dimension . We prove new existence results using Morse theory and some analysis on blowing‐up solutions under suitable pinching conditions on the curvature function. We also provide new nonexistence results showing the sharpness of some of our assumptions, both in terms of the dimension and of the Morse structure of the prescribed function. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comprehensive Guide to Extracting and Expressing Fungal Secondary Metabolites with Aspergillus fumigatus as a Case Study
Authors: Nickles Grant , Ludwikoski Isabelle , Bok Jin Woo , Keller Nancy P.
Published: December 2021

Fungal secondary metabolites (SMs) have captured the interest of natural products researchers in academia and industry for decades. In recent years, the high rediscovery rate of previously characterized metabolites is making it increasingly difficult to uncover novel compounds. Additionally, the vast majority of fungal SMs reside in genetically intractable fungi or are silent under normal laboratory conditions in genetically tractable fungi. The fungal natural products community has broadly overcome these barriers by altering the physical growth conditions of the fungus and heterologous/homologous expression of biosynthetic gene cluster regulators or proteins. The protocols described here summarize vital methodologies needed when researching SM production in fungi. We also summarize the growth conditions, genetic backgrounds, and extraction protocols for every published SM in Aspergillus fumigatus, enabling readers to easily replicate the production of previously characterized SMs. Readers will also be equipped with the tools for developing their own strategy for expressing and extracting SMs from their given fungus or a suitable heterologous model system. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Making glycerol stocks from spore suspensions

Alternate Protocol 1: Creating glycerol stocks from non‐sporulating filamentous fungi

Basic Protocol 2: Activating spore‐suspension glycerol stocks

Basic Protocol 3: Extracting secondary metabolites from Aspergillus spp grown on solid medium

Alternate Protocol 2: Extracting secondary metabolites from Aspergillus spp using ethyl acetate

Alternate Protocol 3: High‐volume metabolite extraction using ethyl acetate

Alternate Protocol 4: Extracting secondary metabolites from Aspergillus spp in liquid medium

Support Protocol: Creating an overlay culture

Basic Protocol 4: Extracting DNA from filamentous fungi

Basic Protocol 5: Creating a DNA construct with double‐joint PCR

Alternate Protocol 5: Creating a DNA construct with yeast recombineering

Basic Protocol 6: Transformation of Aspergillus spp

Basic Protocol 7: Co‐culturing fungi and bacteria for extraction of secondary metabolites
Chloride Deficiency and Toxicity Can Be a Real Problem
Authors: Winsor Susan
Published: December 2021

The micronutrient chloride (Cl–) is one of 17 essential nutrients for plant survival. Chloride deficiency can be an issue in wheat, barley, oat, corn, and grain sorghum. In other species, like soybeans and rice, too much chloride can hurt yields. This article will cover deficiency symptoms, fertilizer tips and reported yield responses, and chloride toxicity. Earn 1 CEU in Nutrient Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at https://bit.ly/3xNu1sf. View all CEUs online at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Nutrient Stewardship: Taking 4R Further
Authors: Bruulsema Tom
Published: December 2021

It’s been 10 years since the 4R Plant Nutrition manual was published, setting out principles for the stewardship of plant nutrients agreed to by soil fertility scientists and crop nutrition practitioners. Since then, the industry has done a lot to implement the concept, both globally and in North America. What has been learned and accomplished in the process? What needs to be done to take 4R further? Earn 1 CEU in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://bit.ly/3potolp. View all CEUs online at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Bayesian GGE model for heteroscedastic multienvironmental trials
Authors: de Oliveira Luciano Antonio , da Silva Carlos Pereira , da Silva Alessandra Querino , Mendes Cristian Tiago Erazo , Nuvunga Joel Jorge , Nunes José Airton Rodrigues , Parrella Rafael Augusto da Costa , Baleste Marcio , Filho Júlio Sílvio de Sousa Bueno
Published: December 2021

The dissection of genotype × environment interaction (GEI) is a crucial aspect of the final stages of plant breeding pipelines and recommendation of cultivars. Linear‐bilinear models used to analyze this interaction, such as the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype plus GEI (GGE), often assume homogeneity of the residual variances across environments which affects the estimates and therefore, interpretations and conclusions. Our main objective was to propose a GGE model that considers heteroscedasticity across environments using Bayesian inference and to evaluate its implications in the interpretation of real and simulated data. The GGE model assuming common variance was also fitted for comparison purposes. The great flexibility of the Bayesian inference is transferred to the biplots, allowing the construction of credible regions for genotypic and environmental scores. The inference on the stability and adaptability of genotypes might change when heteroscedasticity is ignored. When real data are used, different patterns of correlations between environments also affect the representativeness and discrimination of the target environment. The modeling of heteroscedasticity allowed the clustering of environments into subgroups, with similar effects for GEI. The proposed GGE model was more adequate and realistic to deal with scenarios of heterogeneous variance in multienvironment trials, which can be useful for exploiting the GEI.
Efficiency‐Enhanced Scalable Organic Photovoltaics Using Roll‐to‐Roll Nanoimprint Lithography
Authors: Yakoob Mohammed A. , Lamminaho Jani , Petersons Karlis , Prajapati Ashish , Destouesse Elodie , Patil Bhushan R. , Rubahn Horst‐Günter , Shalev Gil , Stensborg Jan , Madsen Morten
Published: December 2021

Invited for this month′s cover is the group of Prof. Morten Madsen, University of Southern Denmark, together with Stensborg A/S and Dr. Shalev's group at the Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev. The image shows the integration of Roll‐to‐Roll (R2R) light‐management foils to enhance efficiency of R2R organic photovoltaics. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202101611.
NOMA‐enabled D2D adaptive relaying and transmission in cellular networks
Authors: Yu Shanshan , Zhai Chao , Zhang Xiaoqing , Liu Ju
Published: December 2021

With the aim of improving the spectrum efficiency, we propose a two‐phase cellular non‐orthogonal and device‐to‐device (D2D) non‐orthogonal (CNDN) transmission scheme, wherein a base station (BS) can transmit data to a near‐user and a far‐user simultaneously assisted by two D2D users. Either the D2D transmitter or the D2D receiver can adaptively forward the BS data to the far‐user according to their decoding statuses. When the D2D transmitter forwards the cellular data, it also transmits its own data to the D2D receiver simultaneously. The superposition coding technique is adopted for the non‐orthogonal transmission and the opportunistic interference cancelation is performed for the data decoding. Taking into account the adaptive operations of cellular and D2D users, we analyze the throughput of both cellular and D2D systems. Extensive simulations show that the proposed CNDN scheme greatly outperforms the cellular orthogonal and D2D non‐orthogonal (CODN) transmission scheme in terms of throughput.
Foamed geopolymers for fire protection: Burn‐through testing and modeling
Authors: Bourbigot Serge , Sarazin Johan , Davy Catherine A. , Fontaine Gaëlle
Published: December 2021

Geopolymer (GP) foam as a fire protective coating was synthesized, deposited on a steel plate, hardened and evaluated using a burn‐through test at a reduced scale. It was shown that the GP foam acts as an efficient fire barrier (with 250°C reduction compared to virgin steel evaluated in the same conditions). A numerical model using Comsol Multiphysics (finite element code) was performed to simulate the fire behavior of the GP foam. It was based on the complete characterization of the GP foam to provide accurate input data for the model. The latter captures well the temperature rise, including the endothermal effect due to water vaporization. A parametric study of the porosity and the emissivity at the surface of the GP foam brings new insights to optimize the performance of the GP foam. It is shown that a porosity of 90% and an emissivity lower than 0.75 should provide the highest performance to GP foam. The fabrication of an optimized GP foam is feasible using a technology of low emissivity thin coating and by adjusting the synthesis of the GP foam to increase its porosity.
Mapping the conformational epitope of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody against HBsAg by in vivo selection of HBV escape variants
Authors: Wu Chang‐Ru , Kim Hyun‐Jin , Sun Cheng‐Pu , Chung Chen‐Yen , Lin You‐Yu , Tao Mi‐Hua , Kim Jung‐Hwan , Chen Ding‐Shinn , Chen Pei‐Jer
Published: December 2021

Background and Aims

Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) has been routinely applied in the liver transplantation setting to block HBV reinfection of grafts. However, new monoclonal anti‐HBV surface antibodies have been developed to replace HBIG. The epitopes of such monoclonal antibodies may affect the emergence of escape variants and deserve study.

Approach and Results

The conformational epitope of sLenvervimab, a surrogate form of Lenvervimab, which is a monoclonal anti‐HBsAg antibody currently under phase 3 trial, was investigated by selecting escape mutants from a human liver chimeric mouse. HBV‐infected chimeric mice treated with sLenvervimab monotherapy showed an initial decline in circulating HBsAg levels, followed by a quick rebound in 1 month. Sequencing of circulating or liver HBV DNA revealed emerging variants, with replacement of amino acid E164 or T140, two residues widely separated in HBsAg. E164 HBV variants strongly resisted sLenvervimab neutralization in cell culture infection, and the T140 variant moderately resisted sLenvervimab neutralization. Natural HBV variants with amino‐acid replacements adjacent to E164 were constructed and examined for sLenvervimab neutralization effects. Variants with K160 replacement also resisted neutralization. These data revealed the conformational epitope of sLenvervimab.

Conclusions

Selection of antibody‐escape HBV variants in human chimeric mice works efficiently. Analysis of such emerging variants helps to identify anchor amino‐acid residues of the conformational epitope that are difficult to discover by conventional approaches.
Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h blocks the cell cycle of Spodoptera exigua fat body cells at G2/M phase by downregulating cyclin B1 and cyclin‐dependent kinase 1
Authors: Song Xiao‐Hui , Li Ni , Yang Chang‐Jin , Wu Yanyang , Huang Guo‐Hua
Published: December 2021

Ascoviruses are double‐stranded DNA viruses that are pathogenic to noctuid larvae. In vitro infection causes the cells to fail to replicate and proliferate normally. However, the molecular mechanisms are unclear. In this study, the transmission electron microscopy data of infected‐Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) fat body cells (SeFB, IOZCAS‐SpexII‐A cells) showed that virions were internalized in phagocytic vesicles, but not in the nucleus. FACS of cell‐cycle progression was performed in SeFB cells infected with Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV‐3h). The cell cycle phase distributions of the SeFB cells were G1 = 29.52 ± 1.10%, S = 30.33 ± 1.19%, and G2/M = 40.06 ± 0.75%. The cell culture doubling time was approximately 24 h. The G1, S, and G2/M phases were each approximately 8 h. The unsynchronized or synchronized cells were arrested at G2/M phase after infection with HvAV‐3h. Our data also showed that cells with more than 4N DNA content appeared in the HvAV‐3h‐treated group. While the mRNA levels of cyclin B1, cyclin H, and cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) were downregulated after HvAV‐3h infection, the mRNA expression levels of cyclin A, cyclin D, and cyclin B2 were not significantly changed. Western blotting results showed that the expression of cyclin B1 and CDK1 in infected SeFB cells within 24 h postinfection (hpi), and HvAV‐3h infection inhibited the expression of cyclin B1 and CDK1 at 12–24 hpi. Overall, these data implied that HvAV‐3h infection leads to an accumulation of cells in the G2/M phases by downregulating the expression of cyclin B1 and CDK1.
Incidence of epicardial connections between the right pulmonary vein carina and right atrium during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: A comparison between the conventional method and unipolar signal modification
Authors: Yano Hiroki , Nishida Taku , Sugiura Junichi , Keshi Ayaka , Kanaoka Koshiro , Terasaki Satoshi , Hashimoto Yukihiro , Nakada Yasuki , Nakagawa Hitoshi , Ueda Tomoya , Seno Ayako , Onoue Kenji , Watanabe Makoto , Saito Yoshihiko
Published: December 2021

Background

When performing an electrical isolation of ipsilateral pulmonary veins (PVs) for atrial fibrillation, physicians often need additional radiofrequency (RF) ablation in the carina region between the superior and inferior PVs to achieve a right PV isolation because of intercaval bundles between the right PVs and right atrium (RA). We compared the efficacy of a high‐power and short‐duration ablation guided by unipolar signal modification (UM) with the conventional method (CM) for ablating epicardial connections between the right PV carina and RA.

Methods

The study subjects consisted of patients who underwent an initial box isolation of atrial fibrillation from January 2015 to December 2019 at Nara Medical University Hospital. Among these patients, 94 and 65 patients who met the criteria were assigned to the CM and UM groups, respectively. We retrospectively analyzed the anterior ablation line of the right PV using an electroanatomical mapping system. Patients whose initial ablation line included the right PV carina were excluded.

Results

Six and seven patients were, respectively, excluded from the CM and UM groups. Among 88 CM group patients, 21 needed additional right PV carina ablation, while among 58 UM group patients, 30 needed additional right PV carina ablation (p = .001). No anatomical factors were associated with the additional right PV carina ablation.

Conclusions

Compared to the CM group, a box isolation was less achievable without RF ablation at the right PV carina in the UM group. We should consider a long‐duration ablation for epicardial connections between the right PV carina and RA.
Technical note: Optical imaging of lithium‐containing zinc sulfate plate in water during irradiation of neutrons from boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) system
Authors: Yamamoto Seiichi , Yabe Takuya , Hu Naonori , Kanai Yasukazu , Tanaka Hiroki , Ono Koji
Published: December 2021

Purpose

Optical imaging of ionizing radiation is a possible method for dose distribution measurements. However, it is not clear whether the imaging method is also applicable to neutrons. To clarify this, we performed the imaging of neutrons in water from boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) systems. Such systems require efficient distribution measurements of neutrons for quality assessment (QA) of the beams.

Method

A water‐filled phantom was irradiated from the side with an epithermal neutron beam, in which a lithium‐containing zinc sulfate (Li‐ZnS(Ag)) plate was set in the beam direction, and during this irradiation the scintillation of the plate was imaged using a cooled charge‐coupled device (CCD) camera. In the imaging, Li‐6 in the Li‐ZnS(Ag) plate captures neutrons and converts them to alpha particles (He‐4) and tritium (H‐3), while ZnS(Ag) in the Li‐ZnS(Ag) plate produces scintillation light in the plate. We also conducted Monte Carlo simulation and compared its results with the experimental results.

Results

The image of the emitted light from the Li‐ZnS(Ag) plate was clearly obtained with an imaging time of 0.5 s. The depth and lateral profiles of the measured image using the Li‐ZnS(Ag) plate showed the same shapes as the neutron distributions measured with gold foil, within a difference of 8%. The destructive effect of neutrons on the CCD camera increased approximately three times, but the unit was still working after the measurement.

Conclusion

The optical imaging of neutrons in water is possible, and it has the potential to be a new method for efficient QA as well as for research on neutrons.
Mapping intracellular pH in tumors using amide and guanidyl CEST‐MRI at 9.4 T
Authors: Boyd Philip S. , Breitling Johannes , Korzowski Andreas , Zaiss Moritz , Franke Vanessa L. , Mueller‐Decker Karin , Glinka Andrey , Ladd Mark E. , Bachert Peter , Goerke Steffen
Published: December 2021

Purpose

In principle, non‐invasive mapping of the intracellular pH (pHi) in vivo is possible using endogenous chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)‐MRI of the amide and guanidyl signals. However, the application for cancer imaging is still impeded, as current state‐of‐the‐art approaches do not allow for simultaneous compensation of concomitant effects that vary within tumors. In this study, we present a novel method for absolute pHi mapping using endogenous CEST‐MRI, which simultaneously compensates for concentration changes, superimposing CEST signals, magnetization transfer contrast, and spillover dilution.

Theory and Methods

Compensation of the concomitant effects was achieved by a ratiometric approach (i.e. the ratio of one CEST signal at different B1) in combination with the relaxation‐compensated inverse magnetization transfer ratio MTRRex and a separate first‐order polynomial‐Lorentzian fit of the amide and guanidyl signals at 9.4 T. Calibration of pH values was accomplished using in vivo‐like model suspensions from porcine brain lysates. Applicability of the presented method in vivo was demonstrated in n = 19 tumor‐bearing mice.

Results

In porcine brain lysates, measurement of pH was feasible over a broad range of physiologically relevant pH values of 6.2 to 8.0, while being independent of changes in concentration. A median pHi of approximately 7.2 was found in the lesions of 19 tumor‐bearing mice.

Conclusion

The presented method enables non‐invasive mapping of absolute pHi values in tumors using CEST‐MRI, which was so far prevented by concomitant effects. Consequently, pre‐clinical studies on pHi changes in tumors are possible allowing the assessment of pHi in vivo as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis or treatment monitoring.
A writable aniline‐functionalized polydiacetylene composite with obvious colorimetric change upon both heating and near infrared lights irradiation
Authors: Ding Zhaofu , Zhu Haibin , Zhao Xianjun , Liu Shaohui , Lalevée Jacques , Xu Yangyang
Published: December 2021

Due to the unique optical and chromatic properties toward various external stimuli, conjugated polydiacetylene (PDA) materials are attracting a great attention from scientists. And the fabrication of PDA embedded composites would further expand the application prospect. In this work, aniline substituted diacetylene derivative was embedded into wax matrix to form a writable composite. After UV induced 1,4‐topochemical polymerization, the patterns generated from the PDA/wax composite showed clearly a blue‐to‐purple‐to‐red colorimetric change upon thermal stimulus. More interestingly, with the introduction of two representative near‐infrared (NIR) dyes to the composite, the PDA also showed blue‐to‐red chromatic transition in response to distinctive NIR lights irradiation.
Registration of the slow‐darkening pinto common bean cultivar ‘Wildcat’
Authors: Urrea Carlos A. , Pastor‐Corrales Marcial A. , Valentini Giseli , Xavier Larissa F. S. , Sanchez‐Betancourt Erika
Published: December 2021

Slow‐darkening pinto common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar ‘Wildcat’ (Reg. no. CV‐345, PI 698190) was released by the University of Nebraska dry bean breeding program in 2018. It was bred for adaptation to western Nebraska growing conditions and enhanced resistance to bean rust, common bacterial blight (CBB), and Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV). The yield of Wildcat was comparable to conventional and slow‐darkening pinto bean cultivars grown in Nebraska from 2015 to 2020. During the 2017 Western Regional Bean Trial, 2017 Midwest Regional Performance Nursery, and 2018 Cooperative Dry Bean Nursery, Wildcat had a higher seed yield than ‘Twin Falls’, ‘Nez Perce’, ‘Black Foot’, ‘Montrose’, ‘Buster’, ‘ND‐Palomino’, and ‘La Paz’ at some locations. Wildcat has the Ur‐11 gene that confers resistance to all but one known bean rust race and carries the Indel NDSU_IND_11_48.459.896 marker tagging the Ur‐11 locus. Wildcat also has the SAP6 sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker linked to a major CBB resistance quantitative trait locus, with an intermediate CBB rating (5.0) under field conditions at western Nebraska in 2020. Wildcat also carries the single dominant I gene that confers resistance to all non‐necrotic strains of BCMV and the SW13 SCAR marker linked to the I gene for resistance to BCMV. Wildcat has white flowers, blooms 46 d after planting, and is a full‐season bean, maturing 93 d after planting. The seed size of Wildcat, 43.3 g 100 seeds–1 on average, was significantly larger than current conventional and slow‐darkening pinto beans.
Registration of IA100RPS and IA101RPS sorghum inbred lines for photoperiod‐sensitive biomass hybrids
Authors: Salas‐Fernandez Maria Guadalupe , Kemp Joshua
Published: December 2021

The sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] parental inbred lines IA100RPS (Reg. no. PL‐319, PI 698107) and IA101RPS (Reg. no. PL‐320, PI 698108) were developed by the Iowa State University sorghum breeding program in Boone, IA, and released in 2019. These restorer inbred lines were generated to provide the forage and biofuel industry with improved germplasm capable of producing photoperiod‐sensitive hybrids with high biomass yield adapted to northern latitudes. IA100RPS and IA101RPS were developed using the pedigree breeding method from the cross of P89008 and RTx2910. IA100RPS is a purple plant with red grain, ∼2.4 m tall, that flowers on average 70 d after planting. IA101RPS is a tan plant with red grain, ∼2.1 m tall, that flowers on average 72 d after planting. From 2015 to 2018, both lines were evaluated in testcross combinations with a set of public A‐lines in multiple locations in the state of Iowa. Hybrids generated with IA100RPS and IA101RPS had significantly higher biomass yield than those derived from RTx2910 and RTx2909, with superior lodging resistance and higher dry matter content. This germplasm adapted to northern latitudes represents novel inbred lines with good general combining ability for the production of photoperiod‐sensitive forage or biofuel hybrids and could be used as parental sources for the development of improved sorghum lines with adaptation to the midwestern United States.
Anisotropic Plasmonic Effect on Ag Nanoparticles under Microwave‐Induced Plasma‐in‐Liquid: Insight into Growth Mechanism
Authors: Bharti Amardeep , Bhardwaj Richa , Goyal Navdeep
Published: December 2021

Anisotropic nanoparticles are a potential foundation for emerging materials engineering having anomalous properties often to an extraordinary degree‐enabling widespread new applications. In the bottom‐up approach, isotropic nanoparticles are formed by self‐assembly following the basic packing rule but lack directional interaction. On the other hand, anisotropic nanoparticles involve complex programmability having directional interaction and thus become of utmost interest in science and technology. In this paper, the anisotropic plasmonic effects in silver (Ag) nanoparticles under microwave‐induced plasma‐in‐liquid‐assisted decomposition of saccharides and di‐saccharides following the green chemistry process are investigated. The effect of microwave power, irradiation time, and relative chemical composition has been investigated in detail using extinction spectroscopy and Mie theory. The relationship between extinction curve shape parameter (S) and Mie theory has been established. The extinction spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study confirm the existence of anisotropic plasmonic effects in Ag nanoparticles following two‐generation growth mechanisms having an average particle size of 2 and 32 nm. This technique offers rapid (20–40 sec) bulk production and is cost/energy effective than the conventional synthesis route.
Copper Oxide/HKUST‐1 Composite Catalyst as Thermal Decomposition Modifier on Ammonium Perchlorate
Authors: Nair Savitha , Francis Tony , Nair C. P. Reghunadhan , Mathew Suresh
Published: December 2021

Metal‐organic framework and graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) are structures of high specific surface area. The Cu2+ incorporated classical metal‐organic frameworks (HKUST‐1) synthesized by the solvothermal method was used for the synthesis of ternary composite catalyst. When copper oxide was loaded into HKUST‐1/g‐C3N4, the resulting composite system was found to be highly effective catalysts for the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP). The doped metal oxide in HKUST‐1/g‐C3N4 functioned as a catalyst for the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. The composite catalyst was characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The effect of composite catalyst on the thermal decomposition of AP was studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicated that the composite system showed excellent catalytic activity towards the thermal decomposition of AP. The high‐temperature decomposition of AP decreased by 72 °C on using HKUST‐1 based ternary composite catalyst. The large surface area of HKUST‐1, g‐C3N4, and copper oxide nanoparticles play key roles in reducing the decomposition temperature. This was further confirmed by the kinetic analysis of the sample using the Kissinger‐Akahira‐Sunose method.
A simulation‐based comparison of estimation methods for adaptive and classical group sequential clinical trials
Authors: Nelson Bryan S. , Liu Lingyun , Mehta Cyrus
Published: December 2021

Statistical methods for controlling the type‐I error of hypothesis tests in adaptive group sequential clinical trials are well established and well understood. However, methods for obtaining statistically valid point estimates and confidence intervals for adaptive designs are not as well established or as well understood. At the end of an adaptive trial, one may calculate the repeated confidence interval (RCI), which provides conservative coverage of , or the backward image confidence interval (BWCI), which provides exact coverage of and is an extension of the stagewise adjusted confidence interval (SWCI, used in classical group sequential designs). The BWCI can also provide a median unbiased estimate (MUE) of . There is a need to better understand the coverage and possible biases associated with these methods. We conducted a simulation study exploring parameter estimation following sample size reestimation based on testing methods with strong control of type‐I error. Generally, the BWCI provided exact coverage, the naïve CI provided inconsistent coverage, and the RCI provided conservative coverage. Additionally, we note considerable asymmetry in the coverage from above/from below for the RCI, although we did not see any instance where the 95% RCI excluded the true parameter more than 2.5% on either side. At the end of an adaptive group sequential trial, we strongly recommend the use of the BWCI (and associated MUE), with the RCI computed during interim looks; the naïve CI should be avoided. These results and conclusions also hold true for classical group sequential designs.
On the location‐based memory type control charts under modified successive sampling scheme
Authors: Hyder Mehvish , Mahmood Tahir , Butt Muhammad Moeen , Raza Syed Muhammad Muslim , Abbas Nasir
Published: December 2021

The magnificent seven statistical process control (SPC) tools are commonly used to monitor the variation in the process. Control charts are the most efficient and real‐time monitoring tool from the SPC toolkit. A control chart visually differentiates the effect of special or inherent cause variations and indicates the process as out‐of‐control when such a special cause exists. For single occasion problems, simple random sampling (SRS) is used as a sampling design. When the quality of a product is assessed at regular intervals, then modified successive sampling (MSS) is chosen as the preferred sampling mechanism. Hence, this paper intends to propose EWMA‐MSS(S) and CUSUM‐MSS(S) charts under MSS schemes to monitor moderate to small shifts in the location parameter of a process. We presented the performance evaluation of EWMA‐MSS(S) and CUSUM‐MSS(S) charts in terms of run length metrics and compared them with the Shewhart‐MSS(S) control chart. The outcomes show that the EWMA‐MSS(S) perform amazingly well as compared to the Shewhart‐MSS(S) and CUSUM‐MSS(S) control charts. Further, illustration of the proposed charts on the QSAR aquatic toxicity dataset is also used to demonstrate the application of the proposed charts.
Thermodynamics of heterogeneous equilibria in the In–In2O3 system using Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry
Authors: Smirnov Andrey S. , Gribchenkova Nadezhda A. , Alikhanyan Andrey S.
Published: December 2021

RATIONALE

The In–In2O3 system is regarded as a potential low‐temperature source of gaseous indium oxide (In2O) when obtaining functional materials by physical vapor deposition techniques. To date the vaporization thermodynamics of the system have been investigated in few studies, the results of which are contradictory.

METHODS

The study of the In–In2O3 system was performed using Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry in the temperature range 930–1210 K, with a magnet mass spectrometer (MS‐1301). Quartz effusion cells heated by a resistance furnace were employed.

RESULTS

It was established that In(g) and In2O(g) are the major vapor species over heterogeneous mixtures (In(l) + In2O3(s)) and the gaseous oxide In2O is predominant. The partial pressures of the vapor species were determined and the quantitative vapor composition was calculated. Based on the experimental data, a p–x section of the In–In2O3 system phase diagram at 1060 K was constructed. The standard enthalpies of reactions accompanying vaporization of the In and In2O3 mixtures were evaluated using the second‐ and third‐law methods. The standard enthalpy of formation of In2O(g) was derived from the enthalpies of reactions obtained.

CONCLUSIONS

The predominance of In2O in the equilibrium vapor over heterogeneous mixtures (In(l) + In2O3(s)), along with its high partial pressure at relatively low temperatures, substantiate the In–In2O3 system to be suitable for physical vapor deposition methods. The obtained results can be used for physical vapor deposition parameter adjustment and optimization. The standard enthalpy of formation of In2O(g) obtained in an independent way in the present work is in good agreement with that from our previous In2O3(s) vaporization study.
Practical recommendations on double score matching for estimating causal effects
Authors: Zhang Yunshu , Yang Shu , Ye Wenyu , Faries Douglas E. , Lipkovich Ilya , Kadziola Zbigniew
Published: December 2021

Unlike in randomized clinical trials (RCTs), confounding control is critical for estimating the causal effects from observational studies due to the lack of treatment randomization. Under the unconfoundedness assumption, matching methods are popular because they can be used to emulate an RCT that is hidden in the observational study. To ensure the key assumption hold, the effort is often made to collect a large number of possible confounders, rendering dimension reduction imperative in matching. Three matching schemes based on the propensity score (PSM), prognostic score (PGM), and double score (DSM, ie, the collection of the first two scores) have been proposed in the literature. However, a comprehensive comparison is lacking among the three matching schemes and has not made inroads into the best practices including variable selection, choice of caliper, and replacement. In this article, we explore the statistical and numerical properties of PSM, PGM, and DSM via extensive simulations. Our study supports that DSM performs favorably with, if not better than, the two single score matching in terms of bias and variance. In particular, DSM is doubly robust in the sense that the matching estimator is consistent requiring either the propensity score model or the prognostic score model is correctly specified. Variable selection on the propensity score model and matching with replacement is suggested for DSM, and we illustrate the recommendations with comprehensive simulation studies. An R package is available athttps://github.com/Yunshu7/dsmatch.
Microfluidic Roadmap for Translational Nanotheranostics
Authors: Kabay Gozde , Manz Andreas , Dincer Can
Published: December 2021

Nanotheranostic materials (NTMs) shed light on the mechanisms responsible for complex diseases such as cancer because they enable making a diagnosis, monitoring the disease progression, and applying a targeted therapy simultaneously. However, several issues such as the reproducibility and mass production of NTMs hamper their application for clinical practice. To address these issues and facilitate the clinical application of NTMs, microfluidic systems have been increasingly used. This perspective provides a glimpse into the current state‐of‐art of NTM research, emphasizing the methods currently employed at each development stage of NTMs and the related open problems. This work reviews microfluidic technologies used to develop NTMs, ranging from the fabrication and testing of a single NTM up to their manufacturing on a large scale. Ultimately, a step‐by‐step vision on the future development of NTMs for clinical practice enabled by microfluidics techniques is provided.
Anaesthetic management of a dog with tetralogy of Fallot undergoing placement of a modified Blalock‐Taussig shunt
Authors: Veen Iris , Szatmári Viktor , de Vries Annemarie , de Grauw Janny
Published: December 2021

A 6‐month‐old male Old English Bulldog with tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) required general anaesthesia for surgical palliative treatment of ToF, whereby a shunt was placed between the left subclavian artery and the pulmonary trunk to increase pulmonary circulation (modified Blalock‐Taussig shunt). Anaesthesia of a patient with ToF presents an anaesthetic challenge given the four concurrent cardiac defects as well as the surgical manoeuvres involved, requiring an advanced understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and haemodynamics. Besides this, a thorough knowledge of the clinical effects of anaesthetic events and drugs is required. This case report describes the two major anaesthetic events that occurred and the unexplained hyperkalaemia that developed. Furthermore their management is explained and discussed.
Mercury intrusion porosimetry and centrifuge methods for extended‐range retention curves of soil and porous rock samples
Authors: Turturro Antonietta C. , Caputo Maria C. , Gerke Horst H.
Published: December 2021

The water retention function is essential for modeling flow and transport in porous media. Its experimental determination is still challenging because each of the standard methods is limited to partial moisture ranges. The pore‐size distribution (PSD) obtained by the mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) may be used as a unifying property that spans across the individual ranges of retention properties obtained with standard methods. This study compares the MIP and quasi‐steady centrifuge (QSC) methods with standard ones (suction table, evaporation, and dewpoint potentiameter) to determine the retention curves of subsoil clods and calcareous rocks over most of the moisture range. The selected soils, having a relatively rigid structure compared with other soils, are more similar to the rocks even if there is a non‐negligible difference in terms of mechanical strength. The QSC, developed for rock samples, was tested for soil to see if the method is also applicable for mechanically less stable media. The porosity characteristics of soil and rock samples showed bi‐ and trimodal PSDs. The single MIP test allowed describing the mercury retention curve (MRC) for most of the volumetric mercury content range. The MRCs could be used to fill the gaps in the retention curves that occur with the standard retention procedure when switching from one measurement range to the other. The MIP and QSC methods proved to be relatively fast and reliable for measuring a wider range of the retention curve. However, the application of QSC method to soil samples is limited by effects of compaction due to centrifugal force.
Water recovery from yarn fabric dyeing wastewater using electrochemical oxidation and membrane processes
Authors: Bouchareb Raouf , Bilici Zeynep , Dizge Nadir
Published: December 2021

This study intended to evaluate and compare the efficiency of electrochemical oxidation (EO), nanofiltration (NF), and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes processes in the treatment of yarn fabric dyeing wastewater (YFDW) in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, color removal, salinity reduction, and conductivity removal. EO tests of the textile effluent were conducted under various current densities and solution pH conditions employing a graphite electrode. Membrane filtration experiments were conducted using two different NF membranes: NP010 and NP030 and two distinct RO membranes: BW30 and SW30 flat‐sheet membranes. The experimental results showed that NF membrane process is not suitable for yarn fabric wastewater treatment showing low removal efficiencies for COD, color, and conductivity. However, both EO and RO membranes could reduce COD and color to high removal performances. EO results showed more than 99% of color removal and 80% of COD elimination at pH = 6 and current density of 50 mA/cm2 after 180 min of reaction. Using RO membrane for yarn fabric wastewater treatment demonstrated relatively complete removal of color concentration and 98% of COD elimination. However, EO process showed less performance in conductivity removal efficiency compared to the RO membranes. EO treatment of YFDW decreased conductivity by 31.2%, whereas RO membrane process reduced conductivity to a greater extent and recorded 97.1% of removal elimination percentage. Therefore, the treated water by RO membrane could be recycled back to the process such as washing and dyeing, in that way offering economic profits by decreasing water consumption and wastewater treatment cost.

Practitioner Points

Electrochemical oxidation and membrane filtration processes were combined for the treatment of yarn fabric dyeing wastewater (YFDW).

A 100% color removal of color and 98.5% COD elimination efficiencies were obtained for the electrochemical oxidation (EO) + RO combined process.

EO treatment of YFDW decreased conductivity by 32.7%, whereas the RO membrane process reduced conductivity to a greater extent and recorded 97.7% of removal elimination percentage.
Syntheses, Structures and Cytotoxicity of Cu(II) Complexes with α‐Amino acid derived Benzamidines
Authors: Dinh Le Canh , Thang Pham Chien , Huy Nguyen Hung
Published: December 2021

N‐(diethylthiocarbamoyl)benzimidoyl chloride reacts with methyl esters of glycine, L‐alanine, L‐valine under formation of pro‐ligands 1 which undergo de‐esterification in reactions with Cu(CH3COO)2 and finally form complexes 2 with the compositions of [{Cu(L‐gly)}4] (2 a), [{Cu(L‐ala)}∞] (2 b) and [{Cu(L‐val)}∞] (2 c). In all complexes, Cu(II) ion is coordinated by a dianion {L2−} via its (O,N,S) donor set and a bridging carboxylate O atom, and thus, adopts a distorted square‐planar coordination sphere. Treatment of complexes 2 with equimolar amounts of o‐phenanthroline results in the formation of square pyramidal ternary complexes with the compositions of [Cu(L)phen] (L=L‐gly, L‐ala, L‐val) (3). Antiproliferative effects of the compounds on MCF‐7 and Hep‐G2 cancer cells were studied. Generally, the ternary complexes 3 are more active than the complexes 2 and the pro‐ligands 1. In each series of compounds, the derivatives of L‐valine show higher cytotoxicity than those of L‐alanine and glycine.
Lutetium‐rich phases with a coloring variant of the Y3Rh2 type structure
Authors: Gulay Nataliya L. , Kalychak Yaroslav M. , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: December 2021

The lutetium‐rich intermetallic compounds Lu21T14–xInx (T=Rh, Pd, Pt) with x values ranging from 1.57 to 4.70 were synthesized from the elements in sealed tantalum ampules in an induction furnace with a special annealing sequence. Two samples from each solid solution were studied by powder X‐ray diffraction and the structures of Lu21Rh10.36In3.55, Lu21Rh12.43In1.57, Lu21Pd9.74In4.26, Lu21Pd10.19In3.81, Lu21Pt9.26In4.70 and Lu21Pt9.93In4.07 were refined from single crystal X‐ray diffractometer data. All phases crystallize with coloring variants of the Y3Rh2 type structure, space group I4/mcm (No. 140). The Lu21T14–xInx phases are built up from a tetragonal rod packing of columns that consist of a condensation of square prisms and square antiprisms of the lutetium atoms that are centered by the indium and transition metal atoms. These columns condense with the substructure of coordination number 9 and 11 polyhedra around the Pt2 and In1/Pt5 atoms. The striking features of the ternary samples concern small defects on the transition metal 16 l sites and T/In mixing on the sites 16 l and 4c.