bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of COVID-19-related resilience on depression, job stress, sleep quality, and burnout among intensive care unit nurses
Authors: Hwang Sojin , Lee Jungmin
Published: May 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has placed immense pressure on healthcare workers, in particular, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses, who are at the forefront of managing critically ill COVID-19 patients. This has led to increased stressors and workload, which are associated with negative mental health outcomes such as depression, job stress, sleep disturbances, and burnout. However, COVID-19-related resilience may have mitigated these negative effects. ICU nurses with higher levels of COVID-19-related resilience may be better equipped to manage the stress and job demands during the pandemic, leading to improved mental health outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively explore the factors influencing the resilience of ICU nurses and provide baseline knowledge for future studies to develop interventions that promote COVID-19-related resilience. With shift work and COVID-19 experience with adult patients from hospitals across three regions of South Korea. The questionnaire included scales/measures of nurses’ depression, job stress, sleep quality, and burnout. Results confirmed that resilience was negatively correlated with depression and burnout, and that ICU nurses’ relative levels of resilience strongly influenced their experience of burnout. The findings of this study make a significant contribution to the literature because they focus on resilience, specifically in the context of ICU nursing in South Korea, which has become more challenging and demanding due to the pandemic.
Computational meaningfulness as the source of beneficial cognitive biases
Authors: Suomala Jyrki , Kauttonen Janne
Published: May 2023

The human brain has evolved to solve the problems it encounters in multiple environments. In solving these challenges, it forms mental simulations about multidimensional information about the world. These processes produce context-dependent behaviors. The brain as overparameterized modeling organ is an evolutionary solution for producing behavior in a complex world. One of the most essential characteristics of living creatures is that they compute the values of information they receive from external and internal contexts. As a result of this computation, the creature can behave in optimal ways in each environment. Whereas most other living creatures compute almost exclusively biological values (e.g., how to get food), the human as a cultural creature computes meaningfulness from the perspective of one’s activity. The computational meaningfulness means the process of the human brain, with the help of which an individual tries to make the respective situation comprehensible to herself to know how to behave optimally. This paper challenges the bias-centric approach of behavioral economics by exploring different possibilities opened up by computational meaningfulness with insight into wider perspectives. We concentrate onconfirmation biasandframing effectas behavioral economics examples of cognitive biases. We conclude that from the computational meaningfulness perspective of the brain, the use of these biases are indispensable property of an optimally designed computational system of what the human brain is like. From this perspective, cognitive biases can be rational under some conditions. Whereas the bias-centric approach relies on small-scale interpretable models which include only a few explanatory variables, the computational meaningfulness perspective emphasizes the behavioral models, which allow multiple variables in these models. People are used to working in multidimensional and varying environments. The human brain is at its best in such an environment and scientific study should increasingly take place in such situations simulating the real environment. By using naturalistic stimuli (e.g., videos and VR) we can create more realistic, life-like contexts for research purposes and analyze resulting data using machine learning algorithms. In this manner, we can better explain, understand and predict human behavior and choice in different contexts.
Mild traumatic brain injury increases engagement in criminal behaviour 10 years later: a case–control study
Authors: Theadom Alice , Meehan Lisa , McCallum Sandra , Pacheco Gail
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Sustaining a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has been linked to increased criminal behaviour in later life. However, previous studies have not controlled for the number of injuries, gender, social deprivation, impact of past behaviour, or link to offence type. This study aims to determine if people who experienced a single or multiple mTBI have increased risk of criminal behaviour 10 years post-injury than matched orthopaedic controls.

Methods

This was a case control study of adults (aged >16 years) who experienced a medically diagnosed mTBI and controls who experienced a lower limb fracture (with no TBI) over a 12-month period (01/01/2003–31/12/2003). Participants were identified within Stats New Zealand’s Integrated Data Infrastructure (national database including health and justice records). Participants who experienced a subsequent TBI (post-2003), who were not resident in New Zealand, and who died by 2013 were excluded. Case and controls were matched by age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation index and pre-injury criminal history.

Results

The study included N = 6,606 mTBI cases and N = 15,771 matched trauma controls. In the 10 years after injury, people experiencing a single mTBI had significantly higher numbers of violent charges (0.26 versus 0.21, p < 0.01) and violent convictions (0.16 versus 0.13, p < 0.05) but not for all court charges and convictions. Analysis of those with a history of prior mTBIs yielded larger effects, with significantly higher numbers of violent charges (0.57 versus 0.24, p < 0.05) and violent convictions (0.34 versus 0.14, p < 0.05). For males, the single mTBI case group had a significantly higher number of violent charges (0.40 versus 0.31, p < 0.05) and violent convictions (0.24 versus 0.20, p < 0.05) but this was not observed for females or all offence types.

Discussion

Experiencing multiple mTBIs over the lifetime increases the number of subsequent violence-related charges and convictions but not for all offence types in males but not for females. These findings highlight the need for improved recognition and treatment of mTBI to prevent future engagement in antisocial behaviour.
The effect of anxiety and depression on the health-related quality of life of severe acute pancreatitis survivors: structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Wang Xueting , Zhan Weili , Huang Ling , Guo Yunmei , Wang Yousha , Tan Huiwen , Wang Lianhong
Published: May 2023

Background

Understanding the relationship between anxiety, depression and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) provides important clues to alleviate anxiety, depression and improve HRQOL in patients after severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). The aim of this study was to examine the effects of anxiety and depression on HRQOL in post-SAP patients using structural equation modeling.

Methods

A cross-sectional study design was used and 134 patients with SAP from the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University were recruited. Data collected included demographic and clinical characteristics, the English Standard Short Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey, The Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and The Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). Structural equation modeling analysis was conducted using the AMOS 24.0 program.

Results

The mean of HRQOL score was 49.42 (SD = 23.01). The prevalence of anxiety and depression in post-SAP patients was 33.6 and 34.3%, respectively. Both anxiety and depression have a direct negative impact on HRQOL (β = −0.360, p < 0.001; β = −0.202, p = 0.034). Anxiety also negatively affects HRQOL indirectly through depression (β = −0.118, p = 0.043). The analysis of the covariance structure revealed that the resulting model had a reasonable goodness of fit.

Conclusion

Anxiety and depression reduce the quality of life of SAP patients during recovery. Regular assessment and management of the anxiety and depression status of SAP patients is necessary and will help them improve their HRQOL more effectively.
Understanding image-text relations and news values for multimodal news analysis
Authors: Cheema Gullal S. , Hakimov Sherzod , Müller-Budack Eric , Otto Christian , Bateman John A. , Ewerth Ralph
Published: May 2023

The analysis of news dissemination is of utmost importance since the credibility of information and the identification of disinformation and misinformation affect society as a whole. Given the large amounts of news data published daily on the Web, the empirical analysis of news with regard to research questions and the detection of problematic news content on the Web require computational methods that work at scale. Today's online news are typically disseminated in a multimodal form, including various presentation modalities such as text, image, audio, and video. Recent developments in multimodal machine learning now make it possible to capture basic “descriptive” relations between modalities–such as correspondences between words and phrases, on the one hand, and corresponding visual depictions of the verbally expressed information on the other. Although such advances have enabled tremendous progress in tasks like image captioning, text-to-image generation and visual question answering, in domains such as news dissemination, there is a need to go further. In this paper, we introduce a novel framework for the computational analysis of multimodal news. We motivate a set of more complex image-text relations as well as multimodal news values based on real examples of news reports and consider their realization by computational approaches. To this end, we provide (a) an overview of existing literature from semiotics where detailed proposals have been made for taxonomies covering diverse image-text relations generalisable to any domain; (b) an overview of computational work that derives models of image-text relations from data; and (c) an overview of a particular class of news-centric attributes developed in journalism studies called news values. The result is a novel framework for multimodal news analysis that closes existing gaps in previous work while maintaining and combining the strengths of those accounts. We assess and discuss the elements of the framework with real-world examples and use cases, setting out research directions at the intersection of multimodal learning, multimodal analytics and computational social sciences that can benefit from our approach.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of self-care regarding sensory issues among people with neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Wada Makoto , Hayashi Katsuya , Seino Kai , Ishii Naomi , Nawa Taemi , Nishimaki Kengo
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Issues in sensory processing (hereafter, sensory issues) associated with neurodevelopmental disorders are known to be particularly prominent from 6 to 9 years of age and are a critical issue in school life. These issues affect each individual's quality of life. Some of the issues are known to be relieved by self-care while some are not.

Methods

To clarify the sensory issues that cannot be managed by self-care, this study examined self-care for sensory issues among people with neurodevelopmental disorders using a web survey. The survey encompassed questions about neurodevelopmental disorders, the sensory issues individuals experience, and the kind of self-care they perform. In the qualitative analysis, each was categorized by the type of sensory modality; we further scrutinized the descriptions of self-care, which were collected simultaneously, and examined how each problem was addressed.

Results

Self-care was categorized as “physically blocking,” “leaving from,” “relaxing,” “devising,” “help from others,” “taking medication,” “coping with body,” “others,” or “could not cope.” Based on these findings, we quantitatively compared the frequency of sensory issues that could and could not be managed by self-care. Consequently, significantly higher percentages of the participants stated that they experienced difficulties in managing problems about “body representations,” “contact with humans,” “selective listening,” and “force control.” In contrast, significantly more participants stated that they could manage problems related to “loud sound” and “dazzling”.

Conclusion

In this study, qualitative analysis allowed us to categorize methods of self-care for sensory issues, and quantitative research allowed us to identify issues that were difficult to manage. While it was possible to manage strong light and sound using sunglasses, earplugs, and so on, problems related to the senses of proprioception, selective attention, and so on were clearly difficult to manage.
Mapping information regarding the work-related disability of depression and long-term musculoskeletal pain to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and ICF Core Sets
Authors: Fresk Magdalena , Grooten Wilhelmus J. A , Brodin Nina , Backlund Lars G. , Arrelöv Britt , Skånér Ylva , Kiessling Anna
Published: May 2023

Introduction

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health is the WHO coding scheme for functioning-related data. Clear and unambiguous information regarding patients' work-related disabilities is important not only for the assessment of entitlement to paid sickness benefits but also for planning rehabilitation and return to work. The objective was to validate the content of ICF and ICF Core Sets for information on work-related disability in sick leave due to depression and long-term musculoskeletal pain. Specific aims: To describe to what extent (1) such data could be linked to ICF and (2) the result of the ICF linking in terms of ICF categories was represented in relevant ICF Core Sets.

Methods

An ICF-linking study following the ICF-linking rules. A random sample of sick leave certificates issued in primary care for either depression (n = 25) or long-term musculoskeletal pain (n = 34) was collected from a community with 55,000 inhabitants in Stockholm County, Sweden.

Results

The results of the ICF linking consisted of codings for (1) ICF categories and (2) other health information not possible to link to ICF. The ICF categories were compared to ICF Core Sets for coverage. The majority of the meaning units, 83% for depression and 75% for long-term musculoskeletal pain, were linked to ICF categories. The Comprehensive ICF Core Set for depression covered 14/16 (88%) of the ICF categories derived from the ICF linking. The corresponding figures were lower for both the Brief ICF Core Set for depression 7/16 (44%) and ICF Core Set for disability evaluation in social security 12/20 (60%).

Conclusion

The results indicates that ICF is a feasible code scheme for categorising information on work-related disability in sick leave certificates for depression and long-term musculoskeletal pain. As expected, the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for depression covered the ICF categories derived from the certificates for depression to a high degree. However, the results indicate that (1) sleep- and memory functions should be added to the Brief ICF Core Set for depression, and (2) energy-, attention- and sleep functions should be added to the ICF Core Set for disability evaluation in social security when used in this context.
Re-assembling land degradation: toward a nature-society-inclusive soil erosion management strategy. A case of the Rwenzori region, Uganda
Authors: Tibasiima Thaddeo Kahigwa , Bwambale Bosco , Ekyaligonza Deous Mary , Dietrich Phillipp , Jumba Francis , Kagorora John Patrick Kanahe , Freyer Bernard
Published: May 2023

Tackling land degradation, particularly soil erosion, remains a challenge due to the gap between science, policy, and practice which hampers the adoption of control measures by farmers. Bridging this gap requires understanding land degradation as an assemblage of the natural/biophysical and anthropogenic aspects; but also, rethinking epistemologies that level the grounds between scientists, policymakers, and farmers whose farm livelihoods are at-risk due to soil erosion. This study aimed to clarify how these requirements can be met through the lens of the recently proposed hylomorphic framework. This framework structures, in three steps, the procedure of bridging real-life experiences of farmers at risk of soil erosion with the knowledge of scientists and policymakers through the embracement of diversity in ontological realities and values, self-critiques, and coalescing overlaps in theorizations. We selected a qualitative design as most appropriate using one of the cases—the Rwenzori region—where soil erosion is high. We conducted nine focus group discussions with participants selected purposefully from three stakeholder groups including scientists, policymakers, and farmers. Following the hylomorphic framework procedure, we carried out the content analysis. Drawing on insights from this study, we elaborate on how the hylomorphic framework supports deconstructing land degradation and soil erosion, and also further offers insights into a more nature-society-inclusive soil erosion management strategy.
Study on Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors in Cultivated Land and Construction Land in Yunnan Province in the Past 20 Years Based on Remote Sensing Interpretation
Authors: Cai Xueli , Yang Renyi
Published: May 2023

With the continuous development of China’s economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the phenomenon of high-quality cultivated land being converted to construction land is becoming increasingly prominent. In mountainous provinces such as Yunnan, the contradiction between cultivated land protection and blind expansion of construction land is becoming increasingly obvious. Based on the characteristic region of the mountainous province of Yunnan, this paper integrates remote sensing image interpretation of land use/land cover data in three phases (i.e., 2000, 2010, and 2020) with GIS technology and econometric methods. Through the interpretation of remote sensing images from 3 phases of Yunnan Province, a detailed calculation was conducted on the per capita cultivated land area (CULA) and per capita construction land area (COLA) and their changes in 129 counties in the province over the past 20 years (2000~2020). The spatiotemporal evolution laws and spatial pattern characteristics of CULA and COLA were analyzed, and then, the influencing factors in the quantitative characteristics of cultivated land and construction land in the province were studied further by using spatial econometric models. This study finds that the total and per capita CULA in Yunnan Province have significantly decreased over the past 20 years, which poses a threat to the national food security to a certain extent. At the same time, the total amounts of COLA and the per capita COLA have significantly increased, leading to the phenomenon of blind expansion and rough utilization of construction land. Compared with international research results, Yunnan can learn many lessons about controlling the reduction in CULA and the rapid expansion of COLA, among which the most important thing is to choose suitable urban and industrial development paths and adopt effective intensive land utilization methods. The research results of this study can provide a basic reference for mountainous provinces to formulate reasonable measures for cultivated land protection, prevent the disorderly expansion of construction land, and promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas.
Ximenia americana L.: Chemical Characterization and Gastroprotective Effect
Authors: Pessoa Renata Torres , Alcântara Isabel Sousa , da Silva Lucas Yure Santos , da Costa Roger Henrique Souza , Silva Tarcísio Mendes , de Morais Oliveira-Tintino Cícera Datiane , Ramos Andreza Guedes Barbosa , de Oliveira Maria Rayane Correia , Martins Anita Oliveira Brito Pereira Bezerra , de Lacerda Bruna Caroline Gonçalves Vasconcelos , de Andrade Edlane Martins , Ribeiro-Filho Jaime , Gonçalves Lima Clara Mariana , Coutinho Henrique Douglas Melo , Menezes Irwin Rose Alencar de
Published: May 2023

Ximenia americana L., popularly known in Brazil as “ameixa do-mato, ameixa-brava, and ameixa-do-sertão,” is widely used in folk medicine to treat several intestinal disorders. The present study assessed the potential mechanisms of action underlying the gastroprotective activity of the hydroethanolic extract of Ximenia americana L. (EHXA) stem bark. The acute toxicity of EHXA was estimated, and later, the gastroprotective effect in mice was assessed through acute models of gastric lesions induced by acidified or absolute ethanol and indomethacin, where the following mechanisms were pharmacologically analyzed: the involvement of prostaglandins (PG), histamine (H2) receptors, ATP-dependent potassium channels, sulfhydryl groups (SH), α2 adrenergic receptors, nitric oxide (NO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), gastric mucus production, and acetylcholine-mediated intestinal motility. Regarding toxicity, EHXA did not cause deaths or signs of toxicity (LD50 greater than or equal to 2000 mg/kg/p.o.). When the gastroprotective effect was assessed, EHXA (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/p.o.) reduced the rate of lesions induced by acidified ethanol by 65.63; 53.66, and 58.02% in absolute ethanol at 88.91, 78.82, and 74.68%, respectively, when compared to the negative control group. In the indomethacin-induced gastric injury model, the reductions were 84.69, 55.99, 55.99, and 42.50%, respectively. The study revealed that EHXA might stimulate mucus production and reduce intestinal motility through SH groups, NO production, and activation of α2 adrenergic receptors. The results indicated that EHXA had significant gastroprotective activity in the evaluated models. However, further investigation is required to elucidate the cellular and molecular events underlying the action of EHXA components and to correlate them with the modulation of the signaling pathways, as demonstrated by the current pharmacological approach. Therefore, the results demonstrated in the present study, as well as previously reported findings, support the recommendation of using this species in traditional communities in Brazil.
Intravesical Contrast-Enhanced MRI: A Potential Tool for Bladder Cancer Surveillance and Staging
Authors: Tyagi Pradeep , Moon Chan-Hong , Connell Marc , Ganguly Anirban , Cho Kang Jun , Tarin Tatum , Dhir Rajiv , Sholosh Biatta , Maranchie Jodi
Published: May 2023

This review article gives an overview of the current state of the art of bladder cancer imaging and then discusses in depth the scientific and technical merit of a novel imaging approach, tracing its evolution from murine cancer models to cancer patients. While the poor resolution of soft tissue obtained by widely available imaging options such as abdominal sonography and radiation-based CT leaves them only suitable for measuring the gross tumor volume and bladder wall thickening, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resolution imaging (DCE MRI) is demonstrably superior in resolving muscle invasion. However, major barriers still exist in its adoption. Instead of injection for DCE-MRI, intravesical contrast-enhanced MRI (ICE-MRI) instills Gadolinium chelate (Gadobutrol) together with trace amounts of superparamagnetic agents for measurement of tumor volume, depth, and aggressiveness. ICE-MRI leverages leaky tight junctions to accelerate passive paracellular diffusion of Gadobutrol (604.71 Daltons) by treading the paracellular ingress pathway of fluorescein sodium and of mitomycin (<400 Daltons) into bladder tumor. The soaring cost of diagnosis and care of bladder cancer could be mitigated by reducing the use of expensive operating room resources with a potential non-surgical imaging option for cancer surveillance, thereby reducing over-diagnosis and over-treatment and increasing organ preservation.
Seasonal Cambial Activity and Formation of Secondary Phloem and Xylem in White Oaks (Quercus alba L.)
Authors: Pace Marcelo R. , Dutra Rafaella , Marcati Carmen R. , Angyalossy Veronica , Evert Ray F.
Published: May 2023

(1) Background: the cambium has seasonal activity, forming earlywood and early phloem with relatively wide conducting cells, which will function during the most favorable season, and latewood and late phloem with narrower conducting cells, which typically function during the less favorable season. However, few studies have focused on when these two contrasting tissue types are formed in relation to climatic conditions. (2) Methods: the senior author of this paper made weekly collections for an entire year of four specimens per collection back in the 1960s, using traditional anatomical methods to study in detail what the cambium was producing progressively. (3) Results: annual growth rings are evident in both secondary xylem and secondary phloem. The cambium resumes activity in early April, with simultaneous formation of wood and secondary phloem. Both latewood and late phloem production are initiated in early June, the peak of the favorable season. The cambium ends its activity in early August. Phloem growth rings are marked by radially narrow sieve elements interspersed among a band of axial parenchyma with dark contents. Most specimens produce only one fiber band per season. This feature may be used as an indirect phloem growth ring marker. Wood growth rings are marked by very wide vessels and thick-walled, radially narrow fibers. (4) Conclusions: growth rings are evident in both secondary xylem and secondary phloem. The trees produce their latewood and late phloem long before the beginning of autumn, indicating that they prepare ahead of the selective regime, a phenomenon most likely dependent on the photoperiod. Living sieve elements are present yearlong.
Long-Term Nitrogen Addition Exerts Minor Effects on Microbial Community but Alters Sensitive Microbial Species in a Subtropical Natural Forest
Authors: He Min , Zhong Xiaojian , Xia Yun , Xu Linglin , Zeng Quanxin , Yang Liuming , Fan Yuexin
Published: May 2023

Increasing nitrogen (N) deposition profoundly affects nutrient cycling in soil, thereby influencing forest ecosystem productivity and function. Soil microorganisms are integral in driving nutrient turnover; the changes in microbial communities in response to N deposition and the associated soil nutrient availability, especially of limited nutrients, are far from clear. To explore the changes in soil bacterial and fungal communities and their key environmental drivers under N deposition, we conducted a multilevel field N addition experiment in a Castanopsis carlesii natural forest. Soil properties and bacterial and fungal communities were investigated. There were no significant changes in alpha diversities (presented as Chao1 and Shannon’s indexes) and beta diversities of bacteria and fungi among the three treatments. Consistently, the relative abundances of dominant bacterial phyla (i.e., Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Planctomycetes) and fungal phyla (i.e., Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and Rozellomycota) did not change following N addition. These results suggest that N deposition did not alter microbial community diversity and structure. In addition, the results of the Mantel test showed that soil pH, NO3−-N, dissolved organic N (DON), and total phosphorus (TP) predominantly influenced the community diversity and structure in bacteria, but not in fungi. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of some sensitive microbial genera, such as Bryobacter, Bradyrhizobium, Sorangium, and Archaeorhizomyces, were significantly decreased. These results indicate a decreased microbial ability for N fixation and P mobilization induced by N deposition. Moreover, there were significant relationships between Bryobacter, Bradyrhizobium, and Archaeorhizomyces and NO3−-N and available P (AP), suggesting that the responses of sensitive microbial groups to N deposition likely depend on the changes in available nutrients in soil, especially limited N or P. Collectively, 6 years of N addition had no significant influence on microbial communities, but some sensitive microbial groups were associated with N or P turnover. This finding emphasizes the critical roles of sensitive microbial species in meditating limited nutrient cycling in soil under climate change.
Featured Papers in NeuroSci
Authors: Gallart-Palau Xavier
Published: May 2023

In this topical collection, Arsiwalla et al [...]
Behavioral Patterns of Sugary Drink Consumption among African American Adolescents: A Pilot and Feasibility Study Using Ecological Momentary Assessment
Authors: Ferguson Kacey , Gunthert Kathleen , Kaidbey Jasmine H. , Parr Meredith , Visek Amanda J. , Sacheck Jennifer M. , Sylvetsky Allison C.
Published: May 2023

Background: Sugary drinks (SDs) are the predominant contributors to added sugar intake among adolescents, with the highest intakes reported among African American adolescents. The objective of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility of using mobile phone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to investigate, in real time, behavioral patterns of SD consumption among African American adolescents from low-income households. Methods: Adolescents (n = 39, ages 12–17) attended a virtual meeting with a trained research assistant, which involved completion of surveys and training on responding to EMA prompts using a mobile phone application. On the seven subsequent days, adolescents were instructed to respond to researcher-initiated prompts three times daily, which queried their SD intake, location, social context, activities, stress, and mood. They were also asked to complete an analogous self-initiated survey each time they consumed SDs. Results: SD consumption was reported on 219 of 582 (38%) researcher-initiated surveys and on 135 self-initiated SD consumption surveys, for a total of 354 instances of SD intake over the 7-day assessment period. The majority (69%) of the surveys were completed while at home. SD consumption was reported on 37%, 35%, and 41% of researcher-initiated surveys completed at their home, at the home of a friend or family member, or while in transit, respectively. Conclusions: These preliminary data indicate that mobile phone-based EMA is feasible for investigating SD intake behaviors among African American youth from low-income households and support the promise of EMA for investigating SD consumption in this population in larger samples of youth.
Cost Estimations of Managing Adverse Drug Reactions in Hospitalized Patients: A Systematic Review of Study Methods and Their Influences
Authors: Abu Siti Fauziah , Shafie Asrul Akmal , Chandriah Haarathi
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to systematically review and explore the impact of study methods on the cost of managing adverse drug reactions (ADRs) among hospitalized patients to guide policymakers and researchers. A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. The search was restricted to studies from 2000 to 2017. Two authors independently reviewed the studies, assessed their risk of bias, and extracted information for analysis. Data abstraction was based on the study design, ADR reporting, and costing approaches. Of 677 studies identified, 12 were included for analysis. All studies defined ADR according to WHO classifications. The percentage of admission due to ADR ranged from 0.03% to 17.11%. All studies adopted a healthcare provider perspective, using either a micro-costing (n = 7), case-mix group costing (n = 3), or average-per-diem costing (n = 2) approach. The cost per ADR widely fluctuated from USD 65.00 to USD 12,129.90 based on various factors. The micro-costing approach generally had a lower cost compared to other approaches. The cost per ADR in high-income countries was also 10 times higher than in lower- or middle-income countries. This study evidenced that the methodological heterogeneity across studies has resulted in a wide range of cost estimations for ADR management.
More on the Relevance of Personhood and Mindedness: The Euthanasia Debate
Authors: Johnson David Kyle
Published: May 2023

In my first paper for SHERM, I argued that “fetus personhood” is irrelevant to the abortion debate. In this paper, I will argue that personhood is irrelevant to the euthanasia debate as well. Even though a terminally ill patient is a person, ending their life can still be moral. Because personhood (and mindedness) is only instrumentally valuable as means to attaining the good life, if a terminal illness has now made that impossible, it is permissible (when both the doctor and patient agree) for the doctor to help the patient end their life. Thus, euthanasia should be legal.
Hospital admission after primary care consultation for community-onset lower urinary tract infection: a cohort study of risks and predictors using linked data
Authors: Aryee Anna , Rockenschaub Patrick , Robson John , Priebe Marian , Ahmed Zaheer , Fhogartaigh Caoimhe Nic , Ball David , Hayward Andrew , Shallcross Laura
Published: May 2023

Background

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common indication for antibiotic prescriptions, reductions in which would reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Risk stratification of patients allows reductions to be made safely.

Aim

To identify risk factors for hospital admission following UTI, to inform targeted antibiotic stewardship.

Design and setting

Retrospective cohort study of East London primary care patients.

Method

Hospital admission outcomes following primary care consultation for UTI were analysed using linked data from primary care, secondary care, and microbiology, from 1 April 2012 to 31 March 2017. The outcomes analysed were urinary infection-related hospital admission (UHA) and all-cause hospital admission (AHA) within 30 days of UTI in primary care. Odds ratios between specific variables (demographic characteristics, prior antibiotic exposure, and comorbidities) and the outcomes were predicted using generalised estimating equations, and fitted to a final multivariable model including all variables with aP-value <0.1 on univariable analysis.

Results

Of the 169 524 episodes of UTI, UHA occurred in 1336 cases (0.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.7 to 0.8) and AHA in 6516 cases (3.8%, 95% CI = 3.8 to 3.9). On multivariable analysis, increased odds of UHA were seen in patients aged 55–74 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.49) and ≥75 years (AOR 3.24), relative to adults aged 16–34 years. Increased odds of UHA were also associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD; AOR 1.55), urinary catheters (AOR 2.01), prior antibiotics (AOR 1.38 for ≥3 courses), recurrent UTI (AOR 1.33), faecal incontinence (FI; AOR 1.47), and diabetes mellitus (DM; AOR 1.37).

Conclusion

Urinary infection-related hospital admission after primary care consultation for community-onset lower UTI was rare; however, increased odds for UHA were observed for some patient groups. Efforts to reduce antibiotic prescribing for suspected UTI should focus on patients aged <55 years without risk factors for complicated UTI, recurrent UTI, DM, or FI.
Experiência, teoria e ação : práticas pedagógicas de ensino de língua portuguesa
Authors:   Érika Kelmer, Mathias, Vieira Abel Gomes , Vieira Alyne Alves , Fajardo Ana Cristina Miranda , Carrara Bianca de Souza , Ferreira Caroline Souza , Tirapani Cássia Ferreira de Freitas , Ishikawa Clarissa Mieko Luiz , Weiss Denise Barros , Rabello Denise Pereira , Mathias Érika Kelmer , Campos Fernanda de Paula Assis , Adalemar Netto Joseani , Moreira Juliana Maria de Oliveira , Bronzato Lucilene Hotz , Mendes Marco Aurélio de Sousa , Sigiliano Natália Sathler , Miranda Neusa Salim , Botelho Patrícia Pedrosa , Ávila Silvana Aparecida Caldas de , Sampaio Thais Fernandes , Freitas Vanda Pinheiro de Lacerda , Ricardo Wuilton de Paiva ,   Natália Sathler, Sigiliano,   Patrícia Pedrosa, Botelho
Published: May 2023

-
A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF PEDIATRIC CASES UNDERGOING FIBEROPTIC BRONCHOSCOPY UNDER GENERAL ANESTHESIA: A FIVE-YEAR EXPERIENCE AT A SINGLE CENTER
Authors: ÖZ GERGİN Özlem , PEHLİVAN Sibel Seçkin , ŞİMŞEK Oğuz Kaan , ERKAN İbrahim , YILDIZ Karamehmet , KÖSE Mehmet
Published: May 2023

The use of the laryngeal mask (LMA) during flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) is more advantageous compared to other airway devices. In this study, the use of LMA for airway maintenance in FOB in pediatric patients was planned to be reviewed in the light of the literature by evaluating the postoperative complications encountered with the demographics of the patients, the duration of anesthesia, and bronchoscopic diagnoses. Between January 2017 and January 2022, the files of pediatric patients who underwent FOB were reviewed retrospectively. The patients' demographics, the airway device used for airway maintenance in FOB (LMA, endotracheal tube, tracheal tube), bronchoscopy indications, bronchoscopic diagnoses, duration of anesthesia, post-procedure hypoxia, laryngospasm, and the number of patients requiring bronchospasm were all recorded. The study included 162 pediatric patients ranging in age from 0 to 17. The median age was 6.9 years old (interquartile range 0-17 years old), and the median weight was 24.5 kg (interquartile range 2.5-89). The patient group having thoracic CT abnormalities and requiring an operation to support the diagnosis was the most prevalent FOB indication (n=37, 22.8%). In all, 28 patients (17.3%) experienced temporary hypoxia, whereas 62 patients (38.3%) experienced bronchospasm. In pediatric patients, FOB via LMA is a safe method. Appropriate equipment, experienced personnel, good patient selection, and adequate follow-up of the patient after bronchoscopy are among the most important factors in the prevention and reduction of complications.
Opresi dan Kuasa Atas Tubuh Perempuan dalam Tradisi Masyarakat Budaya: Studi Kasus Sunat Perempuan di Banten
Authors: Lutfi Adinda Putri Kirana , Sri Lestari Wahyuningroem
Published: May 2023

Artikel ini membahas sunat perempuan yang pada umumnya didasarkan pada tradisi dan budaya masyarakat, diturunkan dari generasi ke generasi, dan diperkuat melalui ajaran agama. Pelaksanaan sunat perempuan sangat kuat kaitannya dengan kontrol seksual dan bentuk kuasa terhadap perempuan serta melahirkan opresi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bentuk opresi yang dialami perempuan dalam kelompok budaya melalui studi kasus sunat perempuan di Banten dan dampaknya pada pengakuan hak perempuan dalam masyarakat adat. Secara khusus, kajian ini mengelaborasi opresi terhadap perempuan dalam konteks politik pengakuan identitas kelompok budaya di Banten. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam. Dengan menggunakan Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), atau analisis interpretasi fenomenologis, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua bentuk opresi yang terjadi dalam praktik sunat perempuan di Banten, yaitu pelemahan (powerlessness) dan kekerasan (violence). Bentuk opresi tersebut merupakan dampak pelemahan perempuan dalam praktik sunat perempuan, yang menjadi salah satu implikasi negatif dari politik pengakuan identitas kelompok budaya yang terjadi di Indonesia.
Pemenuhan Hak Kesehatan Reproduksi dan Seksual dalam Kerapuhan Sistem Pangan Komunitas di Perdesaan Indonesia
Authors: Situmeang Widya Hasian , Aflaha Fairuz Rafidah , Wahyu Ridwan Nanta
Published: May 2023

Women’s authority over their bodies is often ignored due to limited choices and access to resources. This study intends to photograph the failure of development governance, especially in the food and environmental sectors, which places women as the exploited party. This research uses the concept of feminist ecology as a rationale in studying women’s experiences and their relation to the fragility of the food system. The research method used in this research is a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews and observations in the area of Kampung Darim which is uniquely divided into the territories of Kendayakan Village and Puntang Village with a food-agricultural ecosystem background in Indramayu Regency, West Java. These two villages are one of the food barn areas and have a high tendency for the practice of early marriage to occur. The results of the study show that the commodification of natural resources, especially food, tends to reduce the function of food production to fulfilling daily needs. More than that, it also ignores cultural practices that are closely tied to the food system. This paper intends to raise the experience of women who are vulnerable to exploitation due to the failure of the food system. Apart from experiencing exploitation as a result of failure to manage natural resources, rural women in this study are also a group at high risk of experiencing sexual and reproductive health threats. The development of the food system needs to be improved by placing women as equal subjects
Investigation of conversion of sunflower oil production wastes to high value compounds by supercritical CO2
Authors: Kılıçarslan Müberra Nur , Argun Mehmet Emin
Published: May 2023

The evaluation of wastes from edible oil production industry has increasing importance because of resources deficiency and growing population day by day. It was aimed to investigate the recovery potential of oil and valuable components from sunflower oil production wastes by using supercritical CO2 (SC- CO2) extraction as a green extraction method. In this context oil amounts, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities were analysed. The waste samples obtained from filtration processes of the oil which were composed of oily bentonite (OB) and waxy perlite (WP). Soxhlet extraction was also applied on the waste samples to calculate extraction efficiencies of the SC- CO2. It was observed that oil recovery efficiency of OB (27%, v/v) were more effective than WP (11%, v/v). However, the efficiency increased to 37% by mixing expanded perlite and OB sample to absorb moisture content of the waste and to increase the diffusion of carbon dioxide more easily. The statistical evaluation of the experiments was also conducted to determine the effect of independent variables on the recovery efficiencys. Pressure was detected more effective variables on the recovery values than temperature. The maximum recovery efficiencies of the oil and TPC were obtained at the 50 oC, 22.1 MPa and 60 oC, 20 MPa, respectively.
Inegalităţi de gen şi mecanisme discriminatorii pe piaţa muncii
Authors: MIHAIL Rarita , BARONI Mihaela
Published: May 2023

This study is part of a project funded by the European Union aimed at supporting equal opportunities and professional promotion of women in the project implementation counties: Galaţi, Brăila, Vaslui and Călăraşi. Our research starts from the premise that employment, pay or promotion conditions may limit women's participation in the labour market. In today's Romanian society, multiple inequalities between women and men persist on the labour market, in professional and social life. Even though the status of women in society has changed considerably compared to previous decades, women and men do not have the same opportunities in terms of educational and professional path or family life. The aim of this study is to analyse gender inequalities and discriminatory practices that affect both employed women and those who want to enter the labour market. Although anti-discrimination laws and measures exist, they are neither sufficient nor effective to ensure equal opportunities for women in the field of professional relations. These need to be reinforced by education and public policies that integrate the gender equality dimension and create equal development opportunities for women and men.
Bibliothèques publiques et l’éducation des adultes entre nécessité et désintérêt
Authors: CELMARE Valerica , GĂLĂȚANU Daniel-Lucian
Published: May 2023

This article aims to highlight the involvement of the public library in the effort to support the instructional-educational process for the adult population. Although at the social level there is a great need for the education of the adult population, and the traditional cultural institutions have assumed this responsibility on the social level, coming to meet the adult population, there is a lack of interest and availability of adults to access the educational programs intended for them. An example is the programs offered by public libraries. Previous research has shown the disinterest of adults in public libraries. Previous research has shown the disinterest of adults in public libraries, but also some ideas for solving problem.
Ecoul mediatic al problemelor comunităţilor musulmane de implantaţie recentă în Europa şi România
Authors: GĂLĂȚANU Daniel-Lucian
Published: May 2023

This study aims to analyse the problems and the future of Muslim families of recently settled in Romania, from the countries of the Near & Middle East and Africa, ravaged by armed and/or ideological and religious conflicts, but above all the reflection of this anthropological and socio-cultural problems in the Romanian and international media, especially the online media. Because, apparently, between the "traditional" Muslim families of Romania, usually located in Dobruja, with ethnic Turk-Tatar roots, and the "new" Oriental and African Muslim family, there is a significant gap, especially regarding the relation towards integration, or non-integration, more precisely, in the contemporary Romanian society. Knowing well that at present we are witnessing an almost open conflict between the "old" Muslims, represented by the Mufti Authority of Dobruja, the Turks and Tatars, with an old and respectable history on Romanian territory, dating back to the time of the Ottoman Empire, and who have mostly lived, for centuries, in harmony with the majority Romanian population, and the "new" Muslims, who arrived in Romania after 1989, from the countries of the Near & Middle East and Africa, this research aims to analyse the intra- and extra-familial tensions that are now emerging in our country, tensions linked to cultural, anthropological and socio-economic differences. To all these tensions are also added the ideological and political sides, because the "new" Muslims of Romania seem to have the tendency and ambition to impose themselves on the media and in the eyes of public opinion, as legitimate representatives, and, if possible, the only ones, of the Muslims of Romania, an ambition that creates enormous difficulties of integration into Romanian society to the most vulnerable representatives of these Muslim families, who are women and children.
Recherches historiques du Cercle scientifique d'Odessa « Histoire de la Croix Rouge d’Izmail »
Authors: DIMOVA Larуsa
Published: May 2023

Dans cet article, nous décrivons le travail du Cercle scientifique interdisciplinaire interfacultaire universitaire «Histoire de la Croix Rouge d’Izmail», qui mène ses activités en langues étrangères. Nous parlons de la systématisation des documents aimablement fournis par la Présidente d’Honneur du Cercle, la Chef de l’organisation de la Croix-Rouge d’Izmail– Mme Halyna Semenivna Dimova (Choutko), sur les activités des organisations de la Croix Rouge dans le sud de l’Ukraine, à la ville d'Izmail, de la région d’Odessa.