bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synergistically boosting the elementary reactions over multiheterogeneous ordered macroporous Mo2C/NC‐Ru for highly efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wang Kaixi , Wang Shuo , Hui Kwan San , Gao Haixing , Dinh Duc Anh , Yuan Chengzong , Zha Chenyang , Shao Zongping , Tang Zikang , Hui Kwun Nam
Published: June 2022

Simultaneously enhancing the reaction kinetics, mass transport, and gas release during alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is critical to minimizing the reaction polarization resistance, but remains a big challenge. Through rational design of a hierarchical multiheterogeneous three‐dimensionally (3D) ordered macroporous Mo2C‐embedded nitrogen‐doped carbon with ultrafine Ru nanoclusters anchored on its surface (OMS Mo2C/NC‐Ru), we realize both electronic and morphologic engineering of the catalyst to maximize the electrocatalysis performance. The formed Ru‐NC heterostructure shows regulative electronic states and optimized adsorption energy with the intermediate H*, and the Mo2C‐NC heterostructure accelerates the Volmer reaction due to the strong water dissociation ability as confirmed by theoretical calculations. Consequently, superior HER activity in alkaline solution with an extremely low overpotential of 15.5 mV at 10 mA cm−2 with the mass activity more than 17 times higher than that of the benchmark Pt/C, an ultrasmall Tafel slope of 22.7 mV dec−1, and excellent electrocatalytic durability were achieved, attributing to the enhanced mass transport and favorable gas release process endowed from the unique OMS Mo2C/NC‐Ru structure. By oxidizing OMS Mo2C/NC‐Ru into OMS MoO3‐RuO2 catalyst, it can also be applied as efficient oxygen evolution electrocatalyst, enabling the construction of a quasi‐symmetric electrolyzer for overall water splitting. Such a device's performance surpassed the state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C || RuO2 electrolyzer. This study provides instructive guidance for designing 3D‐ordered macroporous multicomponent catalysts for efficient catalytic applications.
The separation of several organophosphate pesticides on immobilized polysaccharide chiral stationary phases
Authors: Champion William L. , Watts William L. , Umstead Weston J.
Published: June 2022

While not initially a focus or priority, in recent decades, an emphasis has been placed on the activity of individual enantiomers of widely used pesticides. Of particular note are organophosphorus‐based pesticides like fenamiphos and profenofos, as examples. This work explores the enantioselective high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separations of seven such organophosphorus pesticides (OP's) on the library of immobilized polysaccharide‐based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) with normal phase hexane/alcohol mixtures. Further exploration of the effect of mobile phase strength and temperature on several of the separations was performed using simple factorial design. Equivalent retention of the first eluting enantiomer of several combinations of temperature and mobile phase was compared for peak shape, selectivity, and resolution. Similarly, equivalent selectivity of several combinations of temperature and mobile phase was compared for peak shape, retention of the first eluting enantiomer, and resolution. The results of this study make available several new chiral separations of the OPs included in the work that were not previously documented, including separations on the three most recently commercialized phases, Chiralpak IH, IJ, and IK. Additionally, sufficient understanding was obtained to be able to predict the trade‐off of resolution, analysis time, peak sharpness (and thus improve limit‐of‐detection [LOD]/limit‐of‐quantification [LOQ]), robustness, and convenience of conditions for further application optimization.
Zukunft Zirkularwirtschaft
Authors: Nienhaus Bernd , Gezork Klaus
Published: June 2022

Biokunststoffe werden auf Basis nachwachsender Rohstoffe hergestellt. so ist neben der Unabhängigkeit von fossilen Produkten auch die Klima‐ und Umweltbilanz signifikant besser. Eine herausragende Rolle bei der Herstellung biobasierter Plattformchemikalien oder Monomere spielt die aerobe Fermentation. Dabei ist der gerührte Großfermenter eine hocheffiziente Prozesslösung, insbesondere im Hinblick auf Stofftransport, Wärmeübergang und die dadurch erreichbare Ausbeute und Produktqualität.
Qualität von Anfang an
Authors: Brosig Michael
Published: June 2022

Wasser zur pharmazeutischen Verwendung unterliegt besonders strengen Qualitätskriterien. Das Unternehmen Envirofalk Pharma‐Water‐Systems nutzt Technik von Jumo, um diese Standards einhalten zu können. Die Auswahl der optimalen Messtechnik für Leitfähigkeit, Temperatur und Druck ist ein entscheidendes Kriterium.
Gerätequalifikation des eigenen Equipments
Authors: Teumer Nicki
Published: June 2022

Chromatographische Geräte in einem geregelten Umfeld müssen regelmäßig durch die Hersteller selbst oder Prüfeinrichtungen qualifiziert werden. Für die Gerätenutzer birgt das einen hohen Kosten‐ und Verwaltungsaufwand. Damit die Qualifizierung kosten‐ und zeiteffizienter erfolgen kann, hat Anatox das AIQ‐Tool entwickelt: Mit der Software werden autorisierte Gerätenutzer in die Lage versetzt, Qualifizierungen in sehr kurzer Zeit herstellerunabhängig selbst durchzuführen.
The yield and effectiveness of breast cancer surveillance in women with PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome
Authors: Hoxhaj Alma , Drissen Meggie M.C.M. , Vos Janet R. , Bult Peter , Mann Ritse M. , Hoogerbrugge Nicoline
Published: June 2022

Background

Women with PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome (PHTS) are offered breast cancer (BC) surveillance because of an increased BC lifetime risk. Surveillance guidelines are, however, expert opinion–based because of a lack of data. We aimed to assess the yield and effectiveness of BC surveillance and the prevalence and type of breast disease in women with PHTS.

Methods

Sixty‐five women with PHTS who visited our center between 2001 and 2021 were included. Surveillance consisted of annual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and mammography from ages 25 and 30 years, respectively.

Results

Thirty‐nine women enrolled in the BC surveillance program (median age at first examination, 38 years [range, 24–70]) and underwent 156 surveillance rounds. Surveillance led to detection of BC in 7/39 women (cancer detection rate [CDR], 45/1000 rounds) and benign breast lesions (BBLs) in 11/39 women. Overall sensitivity2 (which excludes prophylactic‐mastectomy detected BCs) was 100%, whereas sensitivity2 of mammography and MRI alone was 50% and 100%, respectively. Overall specificity was higher in follow‐up rounds (86%) versus first rounds (71%). Regardless of surveillance, 21/65 women developed 35 distinct BCs (median age at first diagnosis, 40 years [range, 24–59]) and 23/65 developed 89 BBLs (median age at first diagnosis, 38 years [range, 15–61]). Surveillance‐detected BCs were all T1 and N0, whereas outside surveillance‐detected BCs were more often ≥T2 (60%) and N+ (45%) (p < .005).

Conclusions

The findings show that annual BC surveillance with MRI starting at age 25 years enables detection of early‐stage BCs. Performance measures of surveillance and CDR were both high. BBLs were commonly present, underlining the importance of evaluation of all lesions independently.

Lay summary

Breast cancer surveillance leads to decreased tumor stage and improved survival.

Breast cancer surveillance with breast magnetic resonance imaging from age 25 years onward is recommended.
Algebraic approximation of the distributed model for the pressure drop in the respiratory airways
Authors: Polak Adam G.
Published: June 2022

The complexity of the human respiratory system causes that one of the main methods of analyzing the dynamic pulmonary phenomena and interpreting experimental results are simulations of its computational models. Among the most compound elements of these models, apart from the bronchial tree structure, is the phenomenon of flow limitation in flexible bronchi, which causes them to collapse with increasing flow, thus their properties, such as resistance, compliance and inertance, are highly nonlinear and time‐varying. Commonly, this phenomenon is ignored, or a distributed model for the airway pressure drop is applied, simulated with a modified numerical solver of this differential equation (ODE). The disadvantages of this solution are the problems with taking into account the inherent singularity of the model and the long computation time due to iterative nature of the ODE procedure. The aim of the work was to derive an algebraic approximation of this distributed model, suitable for implementation in continuous dynamic models, to validate it by comparing the results of simulations with the respiratory system model including approximate and original (ODE solver) numerical procedures, as well as to evaluate possible acceleration of calculations. All simulations, including spontaneous breathing, mechanical ventilation with the optimal ventilatory waveform and forced expiration, proved that algebraic approximation yielded results negligibly differing from the ODE solution, and shortened the computation time by an order. The proposed approach is an attractive alternative in the case of computer implementations of pulmonary models, where simulations of flows and pressures in the complex respiratory system are of primary importance.
Intelligent traffic management system using Ant Colony Optimization and Internet of Things
Authors: Dureja Ajay , Sangwan Suman
Published: June 2022

Miniaturization of Internet of Things (IoT) enabled devices has led to advancement in Intelligent Transportation System. Some of the challenges for efficient traffic management are connection of vehicles through an IP based infrastructure for transportation, reliable, and flexible traffic control management, maintaining quality of services for video streaming applications in Internet of Vehicles and many more. Today there is a need of an efficient transportation system with improved efficiency of traffic safety and lower traveling costs. An intelligent traffic control system using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm has been proposed and analyzed in this paper. Proposed algorithm has been compared with existing state of art algorithms in terms of average waiting time and average traveling time.
High‐Performance and Flexible Co‐Planar Integrated Microsystem of Carbon‐Based All‐Solid‐State Micro‐Supercapacitor and Real‐Time Temperature Sensor
Authors: Liu Dongming , Ma Jiaxin , Zheng Shuanghao , Shao Wenlong , Zhang Tianpeng , Liu Siyang , Jian Xigao , Wu Zhongshuai , Hu Fangyuan
Published: June 2022

With the rapid development of flexible and portable microelectronics, the extreme demand for miniaturized, mechanically flexible, and integrated microsystems are strongly stimulated. Here, biomass‐derived carbons (BDCs) are prepared by KOH activation using Qamgur precursor, exhibiting three‐dimensional (3D) hierarchical porous structure. Benefiting from unobstructed 3D hierarchical porous structure, BDCs provide an excellent specific capacitance of 433 F g−1 and prominent cyclability without capacitance degradation after 50 000 cycles at 50 A g−1. Furthermore, BDC‐based planar micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) without metal collector, prepared by mask‐assisted coating, exhibit outstanding areal‐specific capacitance of 84 mF cm−2 and areal energy density of 10.6 μWh cm−2, exceeding most of the previous carbon‐based MSCs. Impressively, the MSCs disclose extraordinary flexibility with capacitance retention of almost 100% under extreme bending state. More importantly, a flexible planar integrated system composed of the MSC and temperature sensor is assembled to efficiently monitor the temperature variation, providing a feasible route for flexible MSC‐based functional micro‐devices.
Estimating Solar and Wind Power Production Using Computer Vision Deep Learning Techniques on Weather Maps
Authors: Bosma Sebastian B. M. , Nazari Negar
Published: June 2022

Accurate renewable energy production forecasting has become a priority as the share of intermittent energy sources on the grid increases. Recent work has shown that convolutional deep learning models can successfully be applied to forecast weather maps. Building on this capability, a ResNet‐inspired model that estimates solar and wind power production based on weather maps is proposed. By capturing both spatial and temporal correlations using convolutional neural networks with stacked input frames, the model is designed to capture the complex dynamics governing these energy sources. A dataset that focuses on the state of California is constructed and made available as a secondary contribution of the work. It is demonstrated that the novel model outperforms traditional deep learning techniques: it predicts an accurate power production profile that is smooth and includes high‐frequency details.
Modelling the no‐show of patients to exam appointments of computed tomography
Authors: Benedito Zattar da Silva Rodolfo , Fogliatto Flávio Sanson , Garcia Tiago Severo , Faccin Carlo Sasso , Zavala Arturo Alejandro Zavala
Published: June 2022

Background

Patients' no‐shows negatively impact healthcare systems, leading to resources' underutilisation, efficiency loss, and cost increase. Predicting no‐shows is key to developing strategies that counteract their effects. In this paper, we propose a model to predict the no‐show of ambulatory patients to exam appointments of computed tomography at the Radiology department of a large Brazilian public hospital.

Methods

We carried out a retrospective study on 8382 appointments to computed tomography (CT) exams between January and December 2017. Penalised logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression were used to model the influence of 15 candidate variables on patients' no‐shows. The predictive capabilities of the models were evaluated by analysing the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC).

Results

The no‐show rate in computerised tomography exams appointments was 6.65%. The two models performed similarly in terms of AUC. The penalised logistic regression model was selected using the parsimony criterion, with 8 of the 15 variables analysed appearing as significant. One of the variables included in the model (number of exams scheduled in the previous year) had not been previously reported in the related literature.

Conclusions

Our findings may be used to guide the development of strategies to reduce the no‐show of patients to exam appointments.
Optical tweezers and Raman spectroscopy for single‐cell classification of drug resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Chen Yang , Jiang Peifang , Lei Shuyi , Chen Xiaoli , Yao Shuting , Jiang Dongmei , Lin Donghong , Jia Xianggang , Hu Jianda
Published: June 2022

Laser Tweezers Raman Spectroscopy (LTRS) is a combination of laser tweezers and Raman spectroscopy. It is a physical tool based on the mechanical effects of the laser, which can be used to study single living cells in suspension in a fast and non‐destructive way. Our work aims to establish a methodology system based on LTRS to rapidly and non‐destructively detect the resistance of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells and to provide a new idea for the evaluation of the resistance of ALL cells. Two specific adriamycin‐resistant and parental ALL cells BALL‐1 and Nalm6 were included in this study. Adriamycin resistant cells can induce the spectral differences, which can be detected by LTRS initially. To ensure the accuracy of the results, we use the principal components analysis (PCA) as well as the classification and regression trees (CRT) algorithms, which show that the specificity and sensitivity of LTRS are above 90%. In addition, to further clarify the chemoresistance status of ALL cells, we used the CRT models and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves which are based on the band data to look for some important bands and band intensity ratios that have strong pointing significance. Our work proves that LTRS analysis combined with multivariate statistical analyses have great potential to be a novel analytical strategy at the single‐cell level for rapidly evaluating the chemoresistance status of ALL cells.
Unusual morphologic features of low‐grade endometrial stromal sarcoma: A case report
Authors: Meng Ling Li , Jia Xiu Peng , Lu Li Xia , Zhang Hui Zhi , Shen Xiao Han , Piao Zheng Hua , Ge Rong , Yu Wen Ying
Published: June 2022

Background

Endometrial stromal tumours are uncommon tumours of the uterus. They mainly occur in perimenopausal women. Tumours with typical clinicopathological features do not usually pose diagnostic problems. However, rare clinicopathological features can occur, and clinicians without significant experience may have difficulty diagnosing these tumours and managing these patients.

Methods

Herein, we report a case of endometrial stromal sarcoma that occurred in a 25‐year‐old woman. The pathological features, immunophenotype, treatment and prognosis were discussed.

Results

The tumour revealed morphological heterogeneity, and there were similar proliferative‐type endometrial stromal cells, an extensive amount of mature adipose tissue, and prominent rhabdomyoblastic and smooth muscle cells. Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies confirmed low‐grade endometrial stromal sarcoma with smooth muscle, adipocytic and rhabdomyoblastic differentiation (approximately 60% were differentiated tissues). The final treatment of the tumour was total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy. There was no evidence of recurrence for 109 months postoperatively.

Conclusions

We found that low‐grade endometrial stromal tumours with extensive adipocytic and prominent rhabdomyoblastic differentiation are misdiagnosed because they are infrequent. They must be differentiated from rhabdomyosarcoma with accurate identification of adipocytes, and long‐term follow‐up is needed.
Ridge cropping and furrow irrigation pattern improved spring maize (Zea mays L.) yield and water productivity in Hetao irrigation area of north‐western China
Authors: Liu Pengzhao , Zhang Ting , Zhang Fengyun , Ren Xiaolong , Chen Xiaoli , Zhao Xining
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

Improving irrigation water productivity is vital for sustaining high maize yield in Hetao irrigated area of northwest China. Whether ridge cropping and furrow irrigation systems (planting both on ridges and in furrows) fulfill water‐saving and maize yield‐increasing is unclear. A 2‐year trial was conducted to reveal the influence of irrigation with three levels (270, 225, 180 mm, represented as I270, I225, I180, respectively) under two planting systems [traditional flat planting system (TFI) and ridge cropping and furrow irrigation system (RFI)] on maize growth, grain yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IUE).

RESULTS

RFI system increased soil water storage in 0–100 cm layer (P < 0.05), but did not cause excess water consumption, compared to TFI system. Logistic equation simulation showed that RFI system advanced the time of maximum dry matter growth rate (Tmax, 2.6–4.9 days) and prolonged the duration of dry matter accumulation (Td, 3.2–4.7 days), ultimately obtained a 4.2–9.5% improvement of dry matter. Compared with TFI system, RFI system increased WUE by 8.0–21.2%, IUE by 8.3–20.5% and grain yield increased by 9.4–21.4%. RFI225 satisfied water‐saving by 16.6% and yield‐increasing by 3.6–14.7%.

CONCLUSION

Ridge cropping and furrow irrigation systems brought an improvement of soil water storage and dry matter accumulation and kernel per spike, and ultimately obtained an increase of grain yield and water productivity. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Biogeochemical niches and trophic plasticity of shallow and mesophotic corals recovering from mass bleaching
Authors: Radice Veronica Z. , Fry Brian , Brown Kristen T. , Dove Sophie , Hoegh‐Guldberg Ove
Published: June 2022

The differential survival of corals and their recovery from oceanic thermal stress is related not only to coral bleaching susceptibility but also physiological plasticity including trophic strategy. We investigated post‐bleaching event recovery of three morphologically diverse, reef‐building coral species from shallow (10 m) and mesophotic (30 m) reefs across the Maldives archipelago. Trophic plasticity was evaluated by carbon and nitrogen contents and stable isotopes of coral hosts and their algal symbionts including isotopic niche position and size. Seawater temperatures recorded before, during, and after the mass coral bleaching event revealed significant thermal stress in both shallow and mesophotic reefs although cumulative warming appeared lower in mesophotic reefs (9.0 vs. 5.9 degree heating weeks, respectively). Ten months following thermal stress, increased nitrogen stable isotope (δ15N) values in all three coral host species without concurrent changes in water column δ15N indicated enhanced heterotrophic feeding during thermal stress and/or recovery. Host C:N decreased in all species post‐bleaching event while host carbon content (%C) decreased in shallow, more autotrophic populations of two species, suggesting prolonged stress. Host carbon stable isotope (δ13C) values were lower in mesophotic, more heterotrophic populations of two species compared to shallow counterparts. Biogeochemical and isotopic niches both showed different niche specialization among the three species. Consistent shifts in host isotopic niche positions support a conserved host response mechanism (heterotrophy) to oceanic thermal stress, but shallow and mesophotic corals still had not fully recovered almost one year after the bleaching event.
Improve Energy Efficiency at Membrane Filtration Facilities
Authors: Alspach Brent
Published: June 2022

To enhance the water industry's body of knowledge on energy use in membrane filtration processes, AWWA is conducting multistage research on water utilities that have microfiltration/ultrafiltration systems.
Regularization and tempering for a moment‐matching localized particle filter
Authors: Poterjoy Jonathan
Published: June 2022

Iterative ensemble filters and smoothers are now commonly used for geophysical models. Some of these methods rely on a factorization of the observation likelihood function to sample from a posterior density through a set of “tempered” transitions to ensemble members. For Gaussian‐based data assimilation methods, tangent linear versions of nonlinear operators can be relinearized between iterations, thus leading to a solution that is less biased than a single‐step approach. This study adopts similar iterative strategies for a localized particle filter (PF) that relies on the estimation of moments to adjust unobserved variables based on importance weights. This approach builds off a “regularization” of the local PF, which forces weights to be more uniform through heuristic means. The regularization then leads to an adaptive tempering, which can also be combined with filter updates from parametric methods, such as ensemble Kalman filters. The role of iterations is analyzed by deriving the localized posterior probability density assumed by current local PF formulations and then examining how single‐step and tempered PFs sample from this density. From experiments performed with a low‐dimensional nonlinear system, the iterative and hybrid strategies show the largest benefits in observation‐sparse regimes, where only a few particles contain high likelihoods and prior errors are non‐Gaussian. This regime mimics specific applications in numerical weather prediction, where small ensemble sizes, unresolved model error, and highly nonlinear dynamics lead to prior uncertainty that is larger than measurement uncertainty.
Evaluation of excavation motion sequence for hydraulic excavators based on extraction of excavation style and phase
Authors: Sato Motoki , Tsunano Yuta , Sano Katsuya , Warisawa Shin'ichi , Aizawa Masanori , Nishimura Kiwa , Fukui Rui
Published: June 2022

In recent times, research on highly efficient construction has gained increasing popularity. During construction with hydraulic excavators, the sequence of excavation motions significantly affects the duration and precision of the work; therefore, it should be as efficient as possible. Because automation is still difficult, the ability improvement support system of nonskilled operators is required. However, currently, there exists no effective method for evaluating or planning the excavation motion sequence. This study proposes a method for evaluating excavation motion sequences based on a pattern recognition technique. First, the data array of hydraulic excavator motions is divided into unit excavation motions, characterized using a clustering method. Second, the patterns are divided into excavation phases with similar excavation motion patterns. Finally, the excavation motion sequence is evaluated by calculating the transition frequency between excavation phases. The result shows that the proposed approach can classify the skill level of the operator with accuracy of 0.8. Therefore, the frequency of excavation phase transitions can be used as a useful indicator for evaluating excavation motion sequences.
Peer mentors can boost success of neurodiverse students
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: June 2022

Peer mentors can help neurodiverse students integrate into the campus community while providing them with support and connecting them to resources so they can engage and succeed academically, emotionally, and socially, while also promoting their independence, said Chestnut Hill College's Lynn Ortale, Ph.D., Vice President for Student Life, and Stephen Stunder, Ed.D., Assistant Professor of Human Services. They gave a virtual presentation as part of NASPA's Annual Conference.
Understand the new generation of student‐veterans
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: June 2022

Monteigne Long's journey to working with student‐veterans began as a military spouse. Today, Long is the Assistant Director at the Office of Veteran Services at Texas A&M University. At TAMU, Long helps oversee the programming for more than 400 student‐veterans across 11 institutions, along with more than 7,000 military dependents.
Straightforward Synthesis of Functionalized 4,5,6,7‐Tetrahydro‐pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrazines – Important Building Blocks for Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Bozhanov Vladimir I. , Bohdan Dmytro P. , Borysov Oleksandr V. , Silin Aleksey V. , Zaremba Oleg V. , Avramenko Mykola M. , Volochnyuk Dmitriy M. , Ryabukhin Sergey V. , Gavrilenko Konstantin S.
Published: June 2022

A set of building blocks based on the 4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrazine scaffold is synthesized in a multigram scale in a cost‐efficient manner. The possibility of the introduction of different substituents, neutral or functionalized in different positions of pyrazole and/or piperazine rings, is shown. The efficacy of using NH‐pyrazole carbonic acids as a key intermediate of the process is demonstrated. The regioselectivity for direct insertion of the substituent to the 4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrazine core is discussed. The synthetic perspectives for using the functionalized 4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrazine as a bifunctional scaffold is discussed. The utilizing of building blocks obtained for the different region‐ and/or stereoselective synthesis, including sole transformations or modifications of functional groups, is demonstrated. The advantages of the proposed approach are proven compared with the other known methodologies.
Development and Dental Applications of Spiro Expanding Monomers as Antishrinkage Additives
Authors: Zhang Xiaoran , Wang Zonghua , Yao Shuo , Zhou Chuanjian , Wu Junling
Published: June 2022

Volumetric shrinkage is one of the main reasons cited for the failures and shortening the clinically useful life span of contemporary dental restorations. Owing to the compact and relatively more flexible cyclic structures, expanding monomers (EMs) have demonstrated essentially zero shrinkage or expansion upon polymerization. This article reviews recent studies on the new low shrinkage dental resin with spiro EMs as antishrinkage additives. This includes the most prominent classes of EMs, namely, spiroorthoesters, spiroorthocarbonates and bicycloorthoesters, along with the mechanism of expansion polymerization. A brief introduction of the development of copolymerization mechanism between EMs and dental resin is given, followed by an introduction to the cutting‐edge development and application of EMs with different side chain groups in dental materials. Furthermore, the effect of low‐shrinkage resin modified by EMs on the mechanical and biological properties was found to be within an acceptable range. The dental resins modified by spiro EMs can avoid adverse impact from the volumetric shrinkage of polymers during curing. They are materials with great potential for a variety of biomedical and clinical applications and provide guidance for the synthesis of new low shrinkage dental resin materials with good mechanical properties.
Natural Product Betulin‐Based Insulating Polymer Filler in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Qilun , Zhang Huotian , Wu Ziang , Wang Chuanfei , Zhang Rui , Yang Chiyuan , Gao Feng , Fabiano Simone , Woo Han Young , Ek Monica , Liu Xianjie , Fahlman Mats
Published: June 2022

Introduction of filler materials into organic solar cells (OSCs) are a promising strategy to improve device performance and thermal/mechanical stability. However, the complex interactions between the state‐of‐the‐art OSC materials and filler require careful selection of filler materials and OSC fabrication to achieve lower cost and improved performance. In this work, the introduction of a natural product betulin‐based insulating polymer as filler in various OSCs is investigated. Donor–acceptor–insulator ternary OSCs are developed with improved open‐circuit voltage (Voc) due to decreased trap‐assisted recombination. Furthermore, filler‐induced vertical phase separation due to mismatched surface energy can strongly affect charge collection at the bottom interface and limit the filler ratio. A quasi‐bilayer strategy is used in all‐polymer systems to circumvent this problem. Herein, the variety of filler materials in OSCs to biomass is broadened, and the filler strategy is made a feasible and promising strategy toward highly efficient, eco, and low‐cost OSCs.
Application of artificial intelligence methods in the school educational process
Authors: Kataev Michael , Bulysheva Larisa , Mosiaev Andrew
Published: June 2022

This paper discusses the factors affecting quality of school educational process. It describes the application of artificial intelligence approaches (neural networks) into the educational process. The analysis of methods for tracking changes in the position of the head while studying at school or at home is presented. The results obtained make it possible to evaluate the psycho‐physiological, psycho‐emotional state of primary school students in the process of interacting with a computer when performing educational tasks. The goal is to create computer tools that monitors changes in head position using images from a laptop or tablet digital camera. This article presents the stages of developing a neural network for assessing head turns when performing a school assignment and the results of applying the program. A new tool is proposed for assessing the state of a student in the learning process, to determine the ability to perceive different types of educational information.
Characterization of Nonmetallic Inclusions of Al‐Killed Ca‐Treated Steels by Automated SEM/EDS and Its Application to Industrial Case Studies
Authors: Capurro Constantino , Boeri Roberto , Cicutti Carlos
Published: June 2022

Given their potential to significantly affect steel shops, production capacity and also to impair the properties of steel in service, nonmetallic inclusions are highly undesired. In this context, the availability of accurate methods to assess the steel cleanliness at different stages of the refining process is of paramount importance for the development of sound and consistent metallurgical practices. In the current contribution, a measurement tool based on scanning electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry analysis is applied to characterize the nonmetallic inclusions population (e.g., density, size distribution solid fraction, and chemical composition) present in lollipop steel samples withdrawn at different stages of the fabrication process. Data collected from a large number of samples are used to verify the reproducibility of the results and to improve the accuracy of the methodology developed. Subsequently, the characterization procedure is applied to assess the effect of different industrial aspects, such as the influence of vacuum degassing on the inclusionary panorama and the role of inclusions chemical composition on steel castability.
Quantitative and rapid quality assessment methods for the multi‐class bioactive constituents of Tinospora cordifolia using high‐performance liquid and thin layer chromatography analysis with tandem mass spectrometry characterization
Authors: Girme Aboli , Saste Ganesh , Singh Ruchi , Mirgal Amit , Ingavale Rajnita , Balasubramaniam Arun Kumar , Ghoshal Sautik , Ghule Chetana , Patel Saurabh , Verma Mahendra Kumar , Maurya Rakesh , Hingorani Lal
Published: June 2022

Tinospora cordifolia is an important traditional botanical medicine used as an immunomodulator with diversified therapeutic potential. The present study used the systematic isolated Tinospora cordifolia compounds (tinosporide, 8‐hydroxy tinosporide, tinosporaside, cordifolioside A, 20‐β‐hydroxy ecdysone, and columbin) with four alkaloids (syringin, magnoflorine, tetrahydropalmatine, and jatrorrhizine) to develop and validate a high‐performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous quantification of these multi‐class bioactive. This novel method showed good specificity with excellent linearity (r2 > 0.99), precision (relative standard deviation < 5.0%), and robust and accurate performance (93.68–99.76%) for 10 Tinospora cordifolia compounds as an effective strategy for quantification using the single and multi‐class standards approach. The rapid marker‐based qualitative high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography methods were also developed to analyze samples as a visual quality control tool.

These methods were first applied to analyze 15 Tinospora cordifolia samples using the external standard method. By analyzing the results based on the multi‐class (%relative error 2.19–10.56) and single standard (%relative error 25.00–70.50) approach, the multi‐class standard assessment can be effectively adapted for Tinospora cordifolia samples. The quantitative‐qualitative analysis was further confirmed with mass spectroscopy characterization. This multi‐faceted analytical approach provides a unique solution for fingerprint, quality assurance, and identification of Tinospora cordifolia with tinosporide, 8‐hydroxy tinosporide, and tinosporaside as an authenticated marker.
Safety, target engagement, and biomarker effects of bosutinib in dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Pagan Fernando L. , Torres‐Yaghi Yasar , Hebron Michaeline L. , Wilmarth Barbara , Turner R. Scott , Matar Sara , Ferrante Dalila , Ahn Jaeil , Moussa Charbel
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Bosutinib, a dual Abelson/Src inhibitor, was investigated in individuals with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).

Methods

A single site, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study of the effects of oral bosutinib, 100 mg once daily for 12 weeks on primary safety and pharmacokinetics and secondary biomarker outcomes.

Results

Twenty‐six participants were randomized and included male and female (12:1) in the bosutinib arm and all male (13) in the placebo arm. The average age was 72.9 ± 8.1 (year ± standard deviation). There were no serious adverse events and no dropouts. Bosutinib was measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and inhibited Abelson. Bosutinib reduced CSF alpha‐synuclein and dopamine catabolism.

Discussion

Bosutinib is safe and well tolerated and penetrates the blood–brain barrier to inhibit Abelson and reduce CSF alpha‐synuclein and dopamine catabolism, suggesting that bosutinib (100 mg) may be at or near the lowest effective dose in DLB. These results will guide adequately powered studies to determine the efficacy of a dose range of bosutinib and longer treatment in DLB.

Highlights

Bosutinib is a dual Abl/Src inhibitor that penetrates the blood brain barrier

Bosutinib is safe and tolerated in individuals with dementia with Lewy bodies

Bosutinib engages its target via inhibition of Abl and Src

Bosutinib reduces CSF alpha‐synuclein and attenuates breakdown of dopamine

Bosutinib improves activities of daily living in dementia with Lewy bodies
Cesarean scar pregnancy IS an ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Jurkovic D. , Tellum T. , Kirk E.
Published: June 2022

Linked article: This Correspondence comments on Timor‐Tritsch. Click here to view the article.
Transport of persistent organic pollutants: Another effect of microplastic pollution?
Authors: Gateuille David , Naffrechoux Emmanuel
Published: June 2022

Over the past decade, the number of studies examining the presence and effects of microplastics in the environment has drastically increased. Works seeking to identify these particles have proven beyond doubt that microplastics constitute a generalized pollution affecting all environmental compartments, from inside air to arctic snows. Studies on their potential ecotoxicological impacts were more nuanced but many have shown deleterious effects when these microplastics were associated with persistent organic pollutants. This primer mainly focuses on POP sorption and transport by microplastics in the aquatic environment and the possible toxic effects that result from it. Indeed, the associations between microplastics and persistent organic pollutants are very common in the environment. If the mechanisms of interactions are well known, they depend on many factors and their significance in the environment can be very variable in time and space. Indeed, these interactions depend on both the plastic particle (polymer type, crystallinity, particle size, shape, specific area, and functional groups/polarity) and the pollutant (hydrophobicity, functional groups) but also environmental factors (microorganism population, salinity/ionic strength, pH, dissolved organic matter concentration, and temperature). Changes in the interactions between pollutants and microplastics can result in pollutant release in the aquatic environment and potential toxic effects. However, apart from specific situations, the role of microplastics as local source of exogenous molecules (PAHs, PCBs, etc.) is rarely significant because the limited amounts of involved pollutants. It is much less negligible for endogenous chemicals that enter into the initial composition of the plastic (phthalates, biocides, etc.).

This article is categorized under:

Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems

Science of Water > Water Quality
Linking microhabitat selection, range size, reproductive state, and behavioral state in greater sage‐grouse
Authors: Gelling Erin L. , Pratt Aaron C. , Beck Jeffrey L.
Published: June 2022

A female's reproductive status influences her behavior which affects habitat selection and range size; however, reproduction and behavior are generally unaccounted for in habitat selection studies. Range size, daily activity, and habitat selection between reproductive states have rarely been investigated in a connected manner. We focused on brood‐rearing and broodless (i.e., females without young) greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). Our objectives were as follows: 1) identify differences between reproductive state (females with broods 0–2 weeks, broods 3–5 weeks, and broodless females) and behavioral state (foraging, day roosting, and night roosting) in microhabitat selection, 2) evaluate daily activity for brood‐rearing and broodless females, and 3) contrast daily and seasonal range sizes for each reproductive state. We collected Global Positioning System location and accelerometer data every 5 min from female sage‐grouse in Carbon County, Montana, and Park County, Wyoming, USA, in 2018–2019. We sampled microhabitat for 36 females at 276 bird‐use and random plots, estimated ranges for 38 females, and measured activity for 43 females. Females with broods 0–2 weeks selected against visual obstruction and for perennial grasses at night roosts, females with broods 3–5 weeks selected for visual obstruction when foraging and against visual obstruction and annual grasses but for sagebrush cover at night roosts; however, broodless females showed no selection. Patterns of daily activity differed between females with broods 0–2 weeks and broodless females; females with broods 3–5 weeks showed an intermediate pattern. Females with broods 0–2 weeks had the smallest daily (0.027 km2) and seasonal (0.21 km2) ranges compared with females with broods 3–5 weeks (daily = 0.038 km2, seasonal = 0.36 km2) and broodless females (daily = 0.035 km2, seasonal = 0.44 km2). Our results indicated the importance of considering reproductive and behavioral state and accounting for habitats and space required by all individuals in conservation and management decisions.
Schule aus dem Geist von Public Health?
Authors: Bittlingmayer Uwe H. , Okcu Gözde
Published: June 2022

Im Rahmen der Gesundheitsförderung im Sinne der Ottawa-Charta wird der Schule eine Reihe von Aufgaben und Funktionen zugeschrieben, die unter anderem zur Reduktion von gesundheitlichen und sozialen Ungleichheiten beitragen sollen. Dabei finden allerdings in der Public-Health-Diskussion zur schulischen Gesundheitsförderung wichtige theoretische Überlegungen und empirische Erkenntnisse aus der Bildungssoziologie, die Schule als eine hierarchisierende, segregierende, Ungleichheiten produzierende und reproduzierende Institution analysiert, kaum Platz. In diesem Diskussionsbeitrag werden einige bildungssoziologische Positionen und die normative Rahmung der schulischen Gesundheitsförderung vorgestellt. Ferner wird auf die Widersprüche zwischen den Zielen der Gesundheitsförderung und den aktuellen schulischen Bedingungen eingegangen. Zum Schluss werden konzeptionelle Überlegungen für eine Perspektive vorgestellt, die Bildung aus dem Geist der Gesundheitsförderung entwickelt, dabei werden Verbindungen zu Inklusion, Demokratiebildung sowie Menschenrechten hergestellt.
Magnetic resonance imaging of inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver: a 2021 systematic literature update and series presentation
Authors: Calistri Linda , Maraghelli Davide , Nardi Cosimo , Vidali Sofia , Rastrelli Vieri , Crocetti Laura , Grazioli Luigi , Colagrande Stefano
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Inflammatory pseudotumors of the liver (IPTL) are not exceptional benign lesions with various etiologies, histology, and imaging appearances. The incomplete knowledge of this pathology and the wide polymorphism sometimes resembling malignancy often induce long and expensive diagnostic flow, biopsy and occasionally unnecessary surgery. We propose a systematic revision of MRI literature data (2000–2021) with some narrative inserts and 10 new complete MRI cases, with the aim of organizing the data about IPTL and identifying some typical features able to improve its diagnosis from imaging.

Methods

We performed a systematic revision of literature from 2000 to 2021 to obtain MRI features, epidemiological, and clinical data of IPTL. The basic online search algorithm on the PubMed database was “(pseudotumor) AND (liver) AND (imaging).” Quality assessment was performed using both scales by Moola for case report studies and by Munn for cross-sectional studies reporting prevalence data. A case-based retrospective study by collecting patients diagnosed with IPTL from three different university hospitals from 2015 to 2021 was done as well. Only cases with MR examinations complete with T1/T2/contrast-enhanced T1/Diffusion-Weighted (W) images and pathology-proven IPTL were selected.

Results

After screening/selection 38 articles were included for a total of 114 patients. In our experience we selected 10 cases for a total of 16 IPTLs; 8 out of 10 patients underwent at least 1 MRI follow-up. Some reproducible and rather typical imaging findings for IPTL were found. The targetoid aspect of IPTL is very frequent in our experience (75% on T1W, 44% on T2W, 81% on contrast-enhanced T1W (at least one phase), 100% on Diffusion-W images) but is also recurrent in the literature (6% on T1W, 31% on T2W, 51% on CE-T1W (at least one phase), 18% on Diffusion-W images, and 67% on hepatobiliary phase). In our experience, Apparent Diffusion Coefficient map values were always equal to or higher than those of the surrounding parenchyma, and at MRI follow-up, nodule/s disappeared at first/second control, in six patients, while in the remaining 2, lesions persisted with tendency to dehydration.

Conclusion

A targetoid-like aspect of a focal liver lesion must raise diagnostic suspicion, especially if IgG4-positive plasma is detected. MRI follow-up mainly shows the disappearance of the lesion or its reduction with dehydration.

Graphical abstract
Lack of correlation between different congestion markers in acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Haag Svenja , Jobs Alexander , Stiermaier Thomas , Fichera Carlo-Federico , Paitazoglou Christina , Eitel Ingo , Desch Steffen , Thiele Holger
Published: June 2022

Background

Hospitalizations for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) are commonly associated with congestion-related signs and symptoms. Objective and quantitative markers of congestion have been identified, but there is limited knowledge regarding the correlation between these markers.

Methods

Patients hospitalized for ADHF irrespective of left ventricular ejection fraction were included in a prospective registry. Assessment of congestion markers (e.g., NT-proBNP, maximum inferior vena cava diameter, dyspnea using visual analogue scale, and a clinical congestion score) was performed systematically on admission and at discharge. Telephone interviews were performed to assess clinical events, i.e., all-cause death or readmission for cardiovascular cause, after discharge. Missing values were handled by multiple imputation.

Results

In total, 130 patients were prospectively enrolled. Median length of hospitalization was 9 days (interquartile range 6 to 16). All congestion markers declined from admission to discharge (p < 0.001). No correlation between the congestion markers could be identified, neither on admission nor at discharge. The composite endpoint of all-cause death or readmission for cardiovascular cause occurred in 46.2% of patients. Only NT-proBNP at discharge was predictive for this outcome (hazard ratio 1.48, 95% confidence interval 1.15 to 1.90, p = 0.002).

Conclusion

No correlation between quantitative congestion markers was observed. Only NT-proBNP at discharge was significantly associated with the composite endpoint of all-cause death or readmission for cardiovascular cause. Findings indicate that the studied congestion markers reflect different aspects of congestion.

Graphical abstract