bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Architecture and performance analysis of an optical metrology terminal for satellite-to-satellite laser ranging
Authors: Mandel Oliver , Sell Alexander , Chwalla Michael , Schuldt Thilo , Krauser Jasper , Weise Dennis , Braxmaier Claus
Published: December 2019

Interferometric laser ranging is an enabling technology for
high-precision satellite-to-satellite tracking within the context of
Earth observation, gravitational wave detection, or formation flying.
In orbit, the measurement system is affected by environmental
influences, particularly satellite attitude jitter and temperature
fluctuations, imposing an instrument design with a high level of
thermal stability and insensitivity to rotations around the spacecraft
center of mass. The new design concept presented here combines
different approaches for dynamic heterodyne laser ranging and features
the inherent beam-tracking capabilities of a retroreflector in a
mono-axial configuration. It allows for a continuously adjustable
distance between the optical bench and the location of its fiducial
point, facilitating future inter-satellite tracking with nanometer
accuracy, e.g., the next-generation gravity mission.
Optoelectronic optimization of graded-bandgap thin-film AlGaAs solar cells
Authors: Ahmad Faiz , Lakhtakia Akhlesh , Monk Peter B.
Published: December 2019

An optoelectronic optimization was carried out for an

A
l

ξ

G
a

1
−
ξ

A
s

(AlGaAs) solar cell containing (i) an

n

-AlGaAs absorber layer with a graded bandgap and (ii) a periodically corrugated Ag backreflector combined with localized ohmic Pd–Ge–Au backcontacts. The bandgap of the absorber layer was varied either sinusoidally or linearly. An efficiency of 33.1% with the 2000-nm-thick

n

-AlGaAs absorber layer is predicted with linearly graded bandgap along with silver backreflector and localized ohmic backcontacts, in comparison to 27.4% efficiency obtained with homogeneous bandgap and a continuous ohmic backcontact. Sinusoidal grading of the bandgap is predicted to enhance the maximum efficiency to 34.5%. Thus, grading the bandgap of the absorber layer, along with a periodically corrugated Ag backreflector and localized ohmic Pd-Ge-Au backcontacts, can help realize ultrathin and high-efficient AlGaAs solar cells for terrestrial applications.
Consideration of Sex Differences in the Measurement and Interpretation of Alzheimer Disease-Related Biofluid-Based Biomarkers
Authors: Mielke Michelle M
Published: December 2019

Background

The development of cerebrospinal fluid and blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer disease (AD) and related disorders is rapidly progressing. Such biomarkers may be used clinically to screen the population, to enhance diagnosis, or to help determine prognosis. Although the use of precision medicine methods has contributed to enhanced understanding of the AD pathophysiological changes and development of assays, one aspect not commonly considered is sex differences.

Content

There are several ways in which sex can affect the concentration or interpretation of biofluid biomarkers. For some markers, concentrations will vary by sex. For others, the concentrations might not vary by sex, but the impact or interpretation may vary by sex depending on the context of use (e.g., diagnostic vs prognostic). Finally, for others, there will be no sex differences in concentrations or their interpretation. This review will first provide a basis for sex differences, including differences in brain structure and function, and the means by which these differences could contribute to sex differences in biomarker concentrations. Next, the current state of sex differences in AD-related biofluid markers (i.e., amyloid-β, phosphorylated τ, total τ, neurofilament light chain, and neurogranin) will be reviewed. Lastly, factors that can lead to the misinterpretation of observed sex differences in biomarkers (either providing evidence for or against) will be considered.

This review is intended to provide an impetus to consider sex differences in the measurement and interpretation of AD-related biofluid-based biomarkers.
Caracterização da qualidade da água subterrânea utilizando índices de qualidade da água em Riachão do Jacuípe, Bahia
Authors: Almeida Rosa Alencar Santana de , Mello Lorenzo Guimarães de
Published: December 2019

A água subterrânea representa uma crucial fonte para abastecimento de comunidades rurais nas regiões semiáridas. A escassez hídrica, relatada em diversos estudos prévios, exige que sejam conhecidas e divulgadas informações sobre a qualidade da água disponível, como uma das formas para melhor gerir e conservar as reservas existentes. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi caraterizar as águas de poços profundos na região de Riachão do Jacuípe (BA), por meio de Índices de Qualidade de Água (IQA), com a finalidade de dispor, aos moradores, gestores e tomadores de decisão, um recurso para informar, de maneira simples, a qualidade da água fornecida à comunidade. A pesquisa também investigou os usos e tratamento dispensados à água, com o intuito de sugerir medidas para corrigir possíveis carências. Para esses propósitos foram utilizados resultados de análises de água fornecidos pela Secretaria do Meio Ambiente (BA) e entrevistas junto à comunidade. Esta pesquisa é uma contribuição importante para compreender a relação entre a qualidade da água e a situação de vulnerabilidade das comunidades rurais do semiárido. Os objetivos foram alcançados com o uso de três metodologias de cálculo de índices de qualidade de água (IQA): IQA CETESB, CCME WQI e e-IQUAS, aplicadas para doze amostras de água, para as quais foram avaliados vinte parâmetros. Os resultados mostraram convergência na caracterização estabelecida nas três metodologias, todas as amostras foram classificadas como “ruins”. A aplicação de índices se mostrou adequada, todavia tais mecanismos devem ser associados a outros recursos de avaliação. Quanto ao senso dos usuários, os resultados sugerem que os moradores precisam conhecer melhor a relação entre a qualidade da água com possíveis riscos para a saúde. A disseminação dos Índices de qualidade de água pode ser um mecanismo eficaz, oportunizando a população, gestores e decisores determinarem ações para mitigar as carências percebidas.
Efeito de diferentes taxas de aeração na remoção de nitrogênio total e DQO em alagados construídos de fluxo subsuperficial horizontal aerados intermitentemente
Authors: Da Costa Gabriela Barbosa , Da Silva Isabela Pires , Queluz João Gabriel Thomaz , Garcia Marcelo Loureiro
Published: December 2019

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes taxas de aeração na remoção de demanda química de oxigênio (DQO) e nitrogênio total (NT) em alagados construídos de fluxo subsuperficial horizontal aerados intermitentemente. Foram estudados cinco alagados, sendo a dinâmica de aeração feita em 3 aerações diárias, com duração de uma hora cada, utilizando diferentes taxas de aeração: 0, 2, 5, 10, 20 L min-1. Os alagados receberam uma vazão de 8,7 L dia-1 de água residuária doméstica sintética, resultando em tempo de detenção de 3 dias. De cada alagado construído foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: DQO, oxigênio dissolvido, pH, NT, nitrato, nitrito, condutividade elétrica, temperatura e vazão. Após uma análise aprofundada dos resultados junto à estatística, foi possível determinar que a aeração tem papel fundamental na melhora da remoção de NT e DQO nos sistemas. Entretanto, as diferentes taxas de aeração neste caso, não se mostraram decisivas para tal feito, e sim estatisticamente suficientes para um desempenho bom e similar. Com respeito às eficiências dos parâmetros, a DBO é 3% superior nos alagados construídos com aeração intermitente quando comparados ao sem aeração, numa porcentagem média 97,5% a 98,24% de eficiência nos sistemas aerados. Já o NT teve uma eficiência 30% superior nos alagados com aeração, atingindo uma média de 80% a 83,6% de eficiência de remoção.
Histological Remission in Ulcerative Colitis: Under the Microscope Is the Cure
Authors: Chateau Thomas , Feakins Roger , Marchal-Bressenot Aude , Magro Fernando , Danese Silvio , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent
Published: December 2019

In recent years, the therapeutic goals in ulcerative colitis (UC) have become increasingly stringent. Histological features seem to be a reliable predictor of disease outcomes after therapy, and histological remission (HR) is the new frontier in the treatment of UC. Here, we first provide a historical perspective before reviewing indexes in the era of biologics; histology as a treatment goal in UC trials; the poor correlation between symptoms, endoscopy, and histology; and the impact of histology on disease outcomes. HR seems to be a promising end point for the treatment of UC because it is typically associated with better outcomes. Two new validated indexes are available to assess histology more accurately in trials, and they may also be applicable to clinical practice. Additional interventional trials are now necessary to establish definitions of HR and its potential for disease modification.
Hiatal Hernia Presenting with Recurrent Non‐ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Cardiac Tamponade
Authors: Arvind Ashwini , Niec Rachel , Hajifathalian Kaveh , Zarnegar Rasa , Wan David
Published: December 2019

Hiatal hernia is a common pathology, particularly among the elderly or obese populations. Occasionally, markedly dilated hernias can impinge on surrounding structures, notably the heart or lung. In such cases, morbidity can be considerable. We present a case of an enlarging hiatal hernia that compressed the heart, leading to recurrent non-ST elevation myocardial infarction with cardiac tamponade. The patient was successfully managed with nasogastric decompression and surgical repair. We recommend that extrapericardial pathology be considered in tamponade patients with concurrent hiatal hernia and that surgery should be considered the definitive treatment modality.
Understanding the linkages between racial/ethnic discipline gaps and racial/ethnic achievement gaps in the United States
Authors: Gopalan Maithreyi
Published: December 2019

This study estimates racial/ethnic discipline gaps, using multiple measures of school discipline outcomes, in nearly all school districts in the United States with data collected by the Office of Civil Rights between 2013 and 2014. Just like racial/ethnic achievement gaps, discipline gaps also vary substantially, ranging from negative to greater than two standard deviations, across districts. However, unlike the correlates of racial achievement gaps, the extensive set of district-level characteristics available in the Stanford Education Data Archive (SEDA) including economic, demographic, segregation, and school characteristics, explain roughly just one-fifth of the geographic variation in Black-white discipline gaps and one-third of the variation in Hispanic-white discipline gaps. This study also finds a modest, statistically significant, positive association between discipline gaps and achievement gaps, even after extensive covariate adjustment. The results of this analysis provide an important step forward in determining the relationship between two forms of persistent inequality that have long plagued the U.S. education system.
Epidural Labour Analgesia pada Pasien Hamil dengan Sindrom Eisenmenger
Authors: Kurniawaty Juni
Published: December 2019

Sindrom Eisenmenger didefinisikan sebagai hubungan abnormal antara sirkulasi sistemik dan paru berupa pirau kiri ke kanan yang berbalik menjadi kanan ke kiri akibat tingginya resistensi vaskular paru. Wanita hamil dengan sindrom Eisenmenger disarankan untuk menghentikan kehamilan, tetapi jika pasien tetap memilih untuk melanjutkan kehamilan, maka sebaiknya masuk rumah sakit pada usia kehamilan 25 minggu, bed rest selama periode sisa kehamilan, diberikan oksigen selama periode sesak napas dan dilakukan pemeriksaan analisis gas darah serial untuk mendeteksi perubahan di dalam aliran shunt. Apabila pilihan mode persalinanannya adalah persalinan normal, maka pada onset dari persalinan, dilakukan insersi kateter epidural, dilakukan pemantauan dengan monitor hemodinamik invasif dan apabila terjadi penurunan tekanan darah seharusnya segera diterapi dengan pemberian vasopressor serta setiap kehilangan darah dilakukan transfusi. Pasien seharusnya tetap di dalam rumah sakit sampai 7-14 hari setelah persalinan.
Perbandingan Teknik Insersi Triple Airway Maneuver dengan Teknik Laringoskopi Terhadap Keberhasilan Insersi dan Profil Hemodinamik Pemasangan Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) Klasik pada Operasi Elektif
Authors: Purba Bernhard Arianto , Mafiana Rose , Puspita Yusni
Published: December 2019

Latar Belakang: Manajemen jalan napas merupakan aspek penting dalam anestesiologi. Alat bantu napas yang sering digunakan adalah laringeal mask airway (LMA). Beberapa penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mencari teknik yang dapat meningkatkan angka keberhasilan insersi LMA dan mengurangi komplikasi. Teknik insersi LMA triple airway maneuver (TAM) dan teknik laringoskopi merupakan teknik insersi yang sering dipakai dalam paktik sehari-hari namun keunggulan kedua tehnik ini perlu diketahui lebih lanjut.Tujuan: Mengetahui perbandingan keberhasilan dan profil hemodinamik insersi LMA klasik antara teknik TAM dengan teknik laringoskopi.Metode: Randomized post test only and comparison group design dilakukan di kamar bedah RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang pada bulan April 2019-Mei 2019 sampai jumlah sampel terpenuhi. Didapatkan total 62 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok teknik TAM dan teknik laringoskopi. Hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji t-tidak berpasangan dan Chi-square test (p<0,05) dengan SPSS® versi 25.00.Hasil: Keberhasilan pemasangan LMA klasik dengan menggunakan teknik laringoskopi pada usaha pertama dan kecepatan insersi dengan teknik laringoskopi lebih baik daripada teknik TAM (p<0,05). Profil hemodinamik rerata tekanan sistolik pada teknik laringoskopi lebih rendah daripada teknik TAM (p<0,05), namun rerata tekanan diastolik, MAP, dan detak jantung tidak ada perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05). Selain itu ditemukan keluhan sakit tenggorokan (22,6%) dan bercak darah pada LMA pasca ekstubasi (16,1%) pada teknik TAM.Kesimpulan: Keberhasilan dan tekanan darah sistolik pada teknik laringoskopi lebih baik daripada teknik TAM.
Aktivitas Komunikasi dalam Upacara Pemberkatan Pernikahan Agama Khonghucu (Kajian Studi Etnografi Komunikasi)
Authors: Herliana Monika
Published: December 2019

This research is a qualitative descriptive study related to communication activities at the Confucian religious wedding ceremony in Jambi. The focus of this research is on communicative activities including situations, events, and actions of communication in wedding ceremonies with Ethnographic Communication studies. Data were obtained from observations, interviews, and supported by literature. The results of the analysis data show that during the Confucian ceremony there was a communicative situation which was conducive, sacred, familiar, and joyful. The process of marriage is sequentially described by communicative events from the beginning to the end of the procession. Communicative actions are characterized by verbal, non-verbal communication, and existing symbols. The three elements of the research results describe the communication activities which took place on the Confucian wedding ceremony. In addition, communication activities which occur have a close relationship with the concept of Confucian beliefs and teachings.
Literatura bez granic? Media digitalne i ich wpływ na status sztuki słowa
Authors: Winiecka Elżbieta
Published: December 2019

The article concerns electronic literature and its place at the interface of traditional literature, technology and visual arts. This new genre of literature, associated with the development of digital media, shows that the boundaries of classical arts and disciplines in scientific research are blurring. This new phenomena require a new, transdisciplinary approach, combining literary and humanist competences with programming knowledge. The author presents a new literary phenomenon and indicates that literariness is a category which is more functional than literature in the case of studying e-literary. Literariness applies not only to literary works but also to other arts and phenomena in which it is the dominant feature of the work. This is exactly what happens in the case of electronic literature. It remains in the field of creativity in which the role of the word is the most important. At the same time, programming skills are required from the artist and the researcher, which do not fall within the scope of classical humanities. The author indicates that e-literary creativity is an area that opens up new perspectives for literary studies. It also sets new requirements for literary researchers.
Wokół metodologii nauk o sztuce
Authors: Hendrykowski Marek
Published: December 2019

This article deals with the basic issues related to the evolution and methodology of research on art. The author highlights the close relationship between theory and practice of artistic activity and underlines the cognitive advantages stemming from the interdisciplinary approach of formulating and solving research questions in the domain of reflections on art.
O twórczym przekraczaniu granic. Przetworzenia i reprezentacje w przestrzeni sztuki
Authors: Szczęsna Ewa
Published: December 2019

The paper analyzes the thesis that constantly transgressing boundaries in art is a fundamental principle and essential condition for artistic progress. Crossing external (the art – other discourses) and internal (between various art genres) boundaries is analyzed on the basis of transformations (especially adaptation) and representations. Dialogue relations initialized by art crossing the boundaries are analyzed as well: reinterpretations, polemics, extensions and supplementations. There is also a discussion of the ways in which semiotic and media boundaries are trangressed, especially the semiotic and media borders that are essential for the semiotic sphere of one artistic genre for the semiotic and media sphere of the other. The article refers to examples taken from literature, film, sculpture and painting.
Artyfikacja codzienności i odwrócony mimetyzm, czyli życie, które naśladuje sztukę
Authors: Milczarczyk Paula
Published: December 2019

In this paper, I analyse the phenomenon of artification of everyday experience. Using the concept of “artification” developed in the field of Everyday Aesthetics, I define the non-artistic experience, which is co-shaped by art and related to its models of perception. As the consequence of this mechanism, I indicate the tendency to project some artistic cognitive schemas (or their elements) to the existing reality. As a result of this process, events and non-artistic views are captured in the image of art, as ”art-like”. The process of the interpenetration of the fields of art and non-art may lead in turn to the reversal of the mimetic order – when artistic creation determines the forms of examining the world to the extent that it creates the effect of “life imitating art”. This phenomenon of formalizing experience according to artistic models is illustrated by examples from the linguistics, visual arts and literature.
Najkrótszy kurs tragikomedii PRL: Rejs Marka Piwowskiego
Authors: Obremski Krzysztof
Published: December 2019

The tragicomic finale to a costume ball on a ship sailing into night-time darkness was already ‚conceived’ when passengers first stepped onto the gangway. The Cruise is a mix of genres (as was known from the ancient geneological theory of genus mixtum), because situational comedy and sociodrama co-create a genre as broken as tragicomedy, hence „If Rejs is considered a comedy, do not forget that it is a mocking comedy, streaked with despair, as bitter as gall” (Marek Hendrykowski).
(Prze)grać w kości. Franz Mon: granice poezji, granice interpretacji
Authors: Kołodziej Dorota
Published: December 2019

This article attempts to discuss borders of interpretation in the light of concrete poetry. The paper compares Franz Mon’s pieces to earlier works, especially A throw of the dice will never abolish chance by Stephane Mallarme. This research is conducted in the context of Mon’s and Mallarme’s metapoetic commentary, who both show interest in the categories of playing and musical scores. The article attempts to transfer this perspective into an interpretation of four texts by Mon.
Płynność – od Heraklita do Baumana
Authors: Błaszczak Monika
Published: December 2019

The text concerns liquidity understood as an extremely extensive category containing the aspect of changeability and blurring boundaries. It covers an extremely wide spectrum of phenomena. Liquidity is a physical category that refers to the element of water and the senses of touch and taste. It became extremely popular in sociology as an epistemological category thanks to Zygmunt Bauman. This category should be applied much more widely in analyzing phenomena in the field of literature, art, theater, performance, but also going beyond practical analytical use and transferring this concept to the level of theory. The term „liquid” refers to many associations, which in turn allow us to recall different orders and perspectives, at the same time incorporating the current argument into a broader discourse on the moving, fluid nature of the concepts of „wandering” between disciplines. These considerations are also part of the author’s concept of amorphous aesthetic categories, which include liquidity.
Strategia nierozstrzygalności w wierszu jest taki pomnik Tadeusza Różewicza
Authors: Mikołajczak Małgorzata
Published: December 2019

The article deals with Tadeusz Rożewicz’s poem jest taki pomnik and puts forward a new interpretation concerning the mechanisms he uses to construct meanings. The author focuses on three issues: (1) the role of photography as an interpreter, (2) intertextual encryption of key contexts for the spiritual idea of the poem, (3) the allopathic function of laughter. She also indicates components of the strategy of undecidability, as a result of which a work containing what might seem an unambiguous ideological statement launches mechanisms guarding against one-way reading.
A Note on Productive and Dynamic Inefficiencies of Intermediate Regulatory Sanctions
Authors: Friehe Tim , Mungan Murat C.
Published: December 2019

This article shows that regulatory sanctions that fall into an intermediate range can generate subtle problems not apparent in simple enforcement models. Assuming that firms may ultimately face different noncompliance detection probabilities, we highlight that intermediate sanctions may conflict with aspects of both static and dynamic efficiency.
Hypnosis and learning: Pilot study on a group of students
Authors: Marinella Coco , Tiziana Ramaci , Giuseppe Viola , Antonino Guglielmino , Gregorio Giulia Di , Andrea Buscemi
Published: December 2019

Background

Milton Erickson was the first to introduce hypnosis as a form of therapy during the post-war period. Numerous studies have evaluated the effects of hypnosis on memory, focusing principally on post-hypnotic amnesia, post-hypnotic hypermnesia, faux memories and learning growth.

The aim of the present study was to determine if hypnosis can influence visual-spatial memory by increasing its performance and learning; to do this, we chose to utilise the Corsi Test (backward and forward).

Methods

Three hundred second-year students enrolled in the psychology faculty at the University of Catania were informed of the research and its modalities, and an e-mail was sent to inquire if they wanted to participate in the experiment.

Seventy female students took part in the research; 10 were excluded because they presented a high risk of being influenced under hypnosis.

The 60 subjects in the research sample were randomly divided into two groups: the Experimental Group and Control Group.

The protocol prescribed administration of the Corsi Test at Time 0 (start) followed by a resting phase of 30 min. The hypnotic state was subsequently introduced, and the Corsi Test was administered again.

Results

The results of the Corsi Test for the Experimental Group showed statistically significant results (p<0.0004 and p<0.0001), while the results obtained in the Control Group did not show any significance.

Conclusions

These results led us to believe that hypnosis has the capacity to induce a nervous plasticity that supports learning of visual-spatial memory.
Experiment Study of Downstream Traffic Balancing Strategy on 40G Long Reach Coherent PON
Authors: Qin Panke , Wang Jiawei , Wu Jingru , Han Shangya , Ye Qing
Published: December 2019

Distributed high-bandwidth consumption services such as cloud computing require large-capacity, long-distance, and wide-coverage development requirements for Next-Generation Passive Optical Networks (NG-PON2). With the development of NG-PON2 technology, the optical line terminal (OLT) device structure of passive optical network (PON) system is also increasingly complex and heterogeneous. This leads to the problem of network congestion and low bandwidth utilization caused by the unbalanced use of link and port resources in the traditional core network in the PON network. Based on the 40G coherent PON experimental system, this paper studies the traffic balancing problem of OLT equipment, and proposes a dynamic traffic balancing strategy based on real-time monitoring of load sharing and reporting of police and periodic adjustment. The experimental results show that the designed dynamic traffic balancing strategy can effectively reduce the PON network blocking rate and improve bandwidth utilization.
An enameled wire with a semi-conductive layer: A solution for a better distibution of the voltage stresses in motor windings
Authors: Ait-Amar Sonia , Roger Daniel , Mateo Emmanuel
Published: December 2019

The paper analyzes a possible improvement of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) fed motor insulation according to a principle developed by the high voltages industry. The proposed principle consists in using a specific enameled wire made with an additional semi-conductive layer on its outer surface.

Experimental study is realized in order to measure Partial Discharges (PDs) activity with three technologies: Classical enameled wire, enameled wire with an external conductive layer (silver paint) and enameled wire with an external semi-conductive layer (2% of carbon nanoparticles). Simulations are made in order to understand the behavior of the new semi-conductive wire.
Improvement of stability and release of (-)-epicatechin by hot melt extrusion
Authors: Álvarez Catalina María , Restrepo-Uribe Laura , López Jorge Andrés , Estrada Omar Augusto , Noriega María del Pilar
Published: December 2019

Besides its poor dissolution in polymers, the stability, and bitterness of (-)-epicatechin present challenges for additional developments. Polymer formulations rich in flavonoids or other antioxidants can be developed by hot melt extrusion (HME) for enhancement of stability, release, and taste masking. The formulations are extruded at a temperature substantially below the melting point of (-)-epicatechin to avoid its degradation. The corresponding compound consists of about 50% wt. of an active nutraceutical ingredient, in this case (-)-epicatechin, and food grade polymers (GRAS: generally recognized as safe). In order to identify possible chemical or physical changes in the formulations, they were characterized using various techniques, such as differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, polarized optical microscopy, in vitro release profile, sensory analysis, high-performance liquid chromatography, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The crystallinity of (-)-epicatechin was reduced after melt extrusion, but its chemical structure remained unchanged. The main contribution of this research is to shed light on the preparation of polymeric formulations based on (-)-epicatechin using HME as an encapsulation technique to improve stability, release, and taste masking, which may be scaled up and commercially launched as nutraceutical products.
Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitsforschung: Welche Daten liefert KiGGS?
Authors: Kuntz Benjamin , Mauz Elvira , Lange Michael , Kurth Bärbel-Maria
Published: December 2019

Die KiGGS-Studie des Robert Koch-Instituts liefert umfangreiche Befragungs- und Untersuchungsdaten zum Gesundheitszustand, zum Gesundheitsverhalten, zu psychosozialen Schutz- und Risikofaktoren, zur Gesundheitsversorgung und zu den Lebensbedingungen von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland. Während die wiederholt erhobenen Querschnittdaten neben aktuellen Informationen zur gesundheitlichen Lage von Kindern und Jugendlichen auch Trendaussagen über die Zeit ermöglichen, können mit den individuell verknüpfbaren Daten der KiGGS-Kohorte gesundheitliche Entwicklungen im Lebensverlauf dargestellt und deren Einflussfaktoren analysiert werden.
Fetale Prägung von ernährungsmitbedingten Krankheiten und frühe Prävention – die Mutter-Kind-Kohorte PEACHES
Authors: Landsberg Beate , Ensenauer Regina
Published: December 2019

Mit dem globalen Anstieg von Adipositas und Komorbiditäten im Kindes- und Jugendalter gewinnen Primärpräventionskonzepte zunehmend an Bedeutung. Mithilfe der prospektiven Kohorte PEACHES (Programming of Enhanced Adiposity Risk in CHildhood – Early Screening), die Mütter mit bereits vor der Schwangerschaft bestehender Adipositas und deren Kinder einschließt, werden frühe Einflussfaktoren und Risikomarker für kindliches Übergewicht und assoziierte metabolische Erkrankungen erforscht, um gezielte Präventionsstrategien zu entwickeln.
„Präventionsradar“ – Studie zu Kinder- und Jugendgesundheit
Authors: Janssen Jana , Hansen Julia
Published: December 2019

Der Präventionsradar untersucht das gesundheitsrelevante Verhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland und wird seit 2016 einmal jährlich an Schulen durchgeführt. Durch die Kombination aus Quer- und Längsschnittstudie ermöglicht der Präventionsradar neben der Analyse des aktuellen Gesundheitsverhaltens auch die Betrachtung dieser Verhaltensweisen im Zeitverlauf. Des Weiteren werden durch den Präventionsradar Schulen in ihrer Präventionsarbeit unterstützt.
Wohlbefinden von Schulkindern: Übergänge und Klassenwiederholung als kritisches Ereignis?
Authors: Vockert Theres , Rathmann Katharina , Loter Katharina
Published: December 2019

Schüler*innen vollziehen während der Schulzeit meist einen Übergang von der Primar- zur Sekundarstufe und über 18% der Schulkinder in Deutschland erleben eine Klassenwiederholung. In der Lebenslaufforschung werden diese Übergänge als (kritische) Ereignisse diskutiert. Anhand empirischer Ergebnisse wird die Bedeutung von Übergängen als (kritisches) Ereignis für das Wohlbefinden der Schulkinder zusammengefasst und Implikationen abgeleitet, die zur Verbesserung des Wohlbefindens während dieser Transitionsphase beitragen können.
Gesundheitsförderung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Behinderungen
Authors: Habermann-Horstmeier Lotte
Published: December 2019

Kinder und Jugendliche mit Behinderung haben deutlich schlechtere Gesundheitschancen als andere Gleichaltrige. Die hier wirksamen Risikofaktoren –insbesondere vorgeburtliche und frühkindlich erworbene Faktoren –werden stark durch die jeweilige Behinderung beeinflusst. Sie stehen in Wechselwirkung mit materiellen und sozialen Umwelteinflüssen und können Ansatzpunkte für die vorwiegend verhältnisassoziierten gesundheitsfördernden und präventiven Maßnahmen sein.
Problemlösen als Facette der Resilienz: Beeinflusst die häusliche Lernumwelt das kognitive und soziale Problemlösen? – Daten aus dem KoAkiK-Projekta
Authors: Mai Matthias , Kula Antje , Brunemund Laura , Müller Anna Katharina , Rensing Ronja
Published: December 2019

Die Fähigkeit, Herausforderungen und Probleme im Alltag erfolgreich zu bewältigen, gilt als wesentliche Facette von Resilienz und schützt Heranwachsende während ihrer gesamten Entwicklung. Zwei Möglichkeiten, sozial-kognitive Problemlösefähigkeiten im Vorschulalter zu erfassen, werden methodisch vorgestellt und empirisch mit der häuslichen Lernumwelt in Beziehung gesetzt. Die Daten stammen aus dem Verbundprojekt „Lernunterstützung durch kognitive Aktivierung in inklusiven Kitas (KoAkiK)“.
A Danish Poverty Line? Poverty Judgements by Students of Social Work, Pedagogy and Health Services
Authors: Monrad Merete , Ejrnæs Morten , Fuglsang Tine
Published: December 2019

When is a family poor? We examine what factors are emphasized when people judge whether a family is poor or not. The article is based on a factorial survey with 356 respondents who study social work, nursing, nursery teaching, nutrition and health. Based on theories of poverty, we study what aspects of a family’s life situation are accentuated when people judge whether the family is poor or not. The respondents primarily emphasize income in their poverty judgements. Some deprivations also enter into the judgements, while the duration of deprivations, gender and labor market participation have no or minimal significance for the judgements.
(Un-)Sicherheit, (In-)Konsistenz und vielerlei Maß
Authors: Dannerer Monika , Vergeiner Philip C.
Published: December 2019

This paper deals with normative statements in interviews concerning the use of languages and varieties in university. A corpus of 123 interviews with teachers, students and administrative staff was used to investigate within an interactional approach the relation between the form of normative statements, the norms they refer to and the interactional situation in the interviews. This article shows by means of three exemplary analyses that the expression of normative expectations / evaluations is highly dependent not only on the validity, salience and effectiveness of the norms in question, but also on the interview situation itself. Seen as a social practice and not just as an instrument of elicitating attitudes and other metalinguistic data, the interview becomes a showcase of the interconnection of normative phenomena (norms, values, attitudes …), normative conflicts and their negotiation.
Ereigniskontrollierte Adjunkte im Deutschen
Authors: Flaate Høyem Inghild
Published: December 2019

The present paper investigates small clause adjuncts displaying the phenomenon referred to as ‘event control’ in literature. Many languages, including German, employ non-finite clauses (besides finite clauses) as propositional adjuncts, for instance infinitival, participial and small clause adjuncts. The subject of these adjunct clauses is left unexpressed and must generally be interpreted co-referentially with the subject or object of the matrix clause (subject or object control), but the matrix event itself can also be interpreted as the controller. Adjuncts involving event control have, to my knowledge, never been examined jointly or particularly thoroughly. The aim of this paper is therefore to provide insight into German data involving event control in different kinds of non-finite propositional adjunct clauses, by examining common and diverging syntactic and semantic properties. The data comprises nominative DPs (Germ.Satzappositionen), adverbial infinitives headed byum(Engl.in order to), adverbial present and past participle constructions, and adverbial small clauses headed by the particleals. Furthermore, I discuss briefly how these data could be captured theoretically, by analyzing them as adjuncts in different syntactic-semantic domains and as obligatorily controlled (OC) adjuncts according to the OC-properties described by Landau (2013).
Assessment of On-Ice Oxygen Cost of Skating Performance in Elite Youth Ice Hockey Players
Authors: Allisse Maxime , Bui Hung Tien , Desjardins Patrick , Léger Luc , Comtois Alain-Steve , Leone Mario
Published: December 2019

Allisse, M, Bui, HT, Desjardins, P, Léger, L, Comtois, AS, and Leone, M. Assessment of on-ice oxygen cost of skating performance in elite youth ice hockey players. J Strength Cond Res 35(12): 3466–3473, 2021—The purpose of this study was to evaluate the robustness of equations to predict the oxygen requirement during different skating circumstances commonly found in ice hockey game situations (skating forward, backward, with and without controlling a puck, during cornering and stops and starts). Twenty-four male elite ice hockey players from 3 categories (pee-wee, bantam, and midget) participated in this study. Anthropometric measurements were taken, and 4 different on-ice high-intensity and short-duration tests were performed. Execution time, heart rate, oxygen uptake, skating strides, and a skating efficiency index were measured for each test. A regression equation was calculated for each of the 4 tests providing an estimation of oxygen cost. Correlation coefficients ranged from 0.91 to 0.93, and SEE was between 4.5 and 8.4%, indicating that the precision of the regression algorithms was excellent. The results also suggest that execution time alone, which is the traditional manner to measure skating performance, is a bad estimator of oxygen uptake requirement for this kind of effort (average common variance <11%). Furthermore, age proved to be a determining factor with younger players showing an overall lower level of skating efficiency compared with older players. In addition, the introduction of a skating index also helps to better determine which factor of performance needs to be improved. Using simple and easy-to-measure variables, coaches will be able to obtain information that will allow them to intervene more precisely on the training parameters that will optimize the individual on-ice performance of their players.
Role of Friction Stir Processing Parameters on the Microstructure and Hardness of ZE41 Mg Alloy: A Taguchi Approach
Authors: Venkataiah M. , Kumar T. Anup , Rao K. Venkata , Kumar S. Anand , Sunil B. Ratna
Published: December 2019

In the present study, the influence of friction stir processing (FSP) tool rotational speed and tool travel speed on achieving higher hardness in ZE41 Mg alloy was investigated by adopting a Taguchi design model using orthogonal array. The extent of grain refinement, hardness enhancement, and achieving defect-free stir zones in FSP completely depend on process parameters. In the present work, FSP parameters such as tool rotation speed and tool traverse speed were varied. The microscopic and macroscopic observations revealed that tool speeds of 1,400 rpm with 25 and 50 mm/min feeds were found to be optimal to develop fine grain size and wide stir zone, respectively, without defect. These results are in good agreement with the design model and help with choosing optimized parameters with a minimum number of experiments in developing grain-refined ZE41 Mg alloy for emerging lightweight technological applications.
Modeling the impact of a potential shale gas industry in Germany and the United Kingdom on ozone with WRF-Chem
Authors: Weger Lindsey B. , Lupascu Aurelia , Cremonese Lorenzo , Butler Tim
Published: December 2019

Germany and the United Kingdom have domestic shale gas reserves which they may exploit in the future to complement their national energy strategies. However gas production releases volatile organic compounds (VOC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), which through photochemical reaction form ground-level ozone, an air pollutant that can trigger adverse health effects e.g. on the respiratory system. This study explores the range of impacts of a potential shale gas industry in these two countries on local and regional ambient ozone. To this end, comprehensive emission scenarios are used as the basis for input to an online-coupled regional chemistry transport model (WRF-Chem). Here we simulate shale gas scenarios over summer (June, July, August) 2011, exploring the effects of varying VOC emissions, gas speciation, and concentration of NOx emissions over space and time, on ozone formation. An evaluation of the model setup is performed, which exhibited the model’s ability to predict surface meteorological and chemical variables well compared with observations, and consistent with other studies. When different shale gas scenarios were employed, the results show a peak increase in maximum daily 8-hour average ozone from 3.7 to 28.3 μg m–3. In addition, we find that shale gas emissions can force ozone exceedances at a considerable percentage of regulatory measurement stations locally (up to 21% in Germany and 35% in the United Kingdom) and in distant countries through long-range transport, and increase the cumulative health-related metric SOMO35 (maximum percent increase of ~28%) throughout the region. Findings indicate that VOC emissions are important for ozone enhancement, and to a lesser extent NOx, meaning that VOC regulation for a future European shale gas industry will be of especial importance to mitigate unfavorable health outcomes. Overall our findings demonstrate that shale gas production in Europe can worsen ozone air quality on both the local and regional scales.
Settler Colonialism and the Revolutionary War
Authors: Smith Andrea Lynn
Published: December 2019

The centerpiece of New York State’s 150th anniversary of the Sullivan Expedition of 1779 was a pageant, the “Pageant of Decision.” Major General John Sullivan’s Revolutionary War expedition was designed to eliminate the threat posed by Iroquois allied with the British. It was a genocidal operation that involved the destruction of over forty Indian villages. This article explores the motivations and tactics of state officials as they endeavored to engage the public in this past in pageant form. The pageant was widely popular, and served the state in fixing the expedition as the end point in settler-Indian relations in New York, removing from view decades of expropriations of Indian land that occurred well after Sullivan’s troops left.
Sweatshops in globalen Lieferketten multinationaler Unternehmen: Eine kritische Analyse
Authors: Gilbert Dirk Ulrich
Published: December 2019

Die problematischen Arbeitsbedingungen in Sweatshops sind in den letzten Jahren zunehmend in das Bewusstsein der Öffentlichkeit gerückt. Auf der einen Seite spielen diese eine wichtige Rolle in den globalen Lieferketten multinationaler Unternehmen. Auf der anderen Seite kommt es immer wieder zu katastrophalen Unglücken, bei denen nicht selten Arbeiterinnen und Arbeiter ums Leben kommen. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über wesentliche Entwicklungslinien der kontroversen Diskussion über Sweatshops. Argumente der Proponenten und Opponenten von Sweatshops werden einander gegenübergestellt.
Grundlagen der Künstlichen Intelligenz und Einsatzfelder in Marketing und Vertrieb
Authors: Kreutzer Ralf T.
Published: December 2019

Aufbauend auf den Grundlagen der Künstlichen Intelligenz wird gezeigt, wie die Künstliche Intelligenz zur Weiterentwicklung der Customer Services, zur Kundenakquisition, zur Preisfindung sowie zur Content-Creation beitragen kann.
Das Kreislaufmodell - neu interpretiert
Authors: Walter Johann
Published: December 2019

Der Beitrag erweitert zunächst das herkömmliche Kreislaufmodell um eine Darstellung, die neben monetären Strömen auch monetäre und reale Bestände erfasst. Dann werden strukturelle Aspekte sowie politische Schlussfolgerungen beleuchtet, die sich aus den dargestellten Modellerweiterungen ergeben. Ein kurzes Fazit beschließt den Beitrag.
Medienökonomische Diversifikationsforschung
Authors: Dautwiz Jörg M.
Published: December 2019

Der vorliegende Artikel verschafft einen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand medienökonomischer Diversifikationsforschung. Im Rahmen einer zweistufigen Datenbankrecherche wird ein Set relevanter Beiträge identifiziert und nach inhaltlichen Schwerpunkten unterteilt. Auf diese Weise werden drei zentrale Themenfelder herausgearbeitet. Diese setzen sich mit den Motiven medienökonomischer Diversifikation, mit dem Zusammenhang von Diversifikationsgrad und Unternehmenserfolg sowie mit geeigneten Verfahren zur Messung der Diversifikation von Medienunternehmen auseinander. Die Kernaussagen der einzelnen Beiträge werden dann unter Einbezug aktueller Literatur diskutiert und kritisch hinterfragt. Im Verlauf des Beitrags können so Forschungslücken identifiziert und aus diesen Gestaltungsempfehlungen für künftige Untersuchungen abgeleitet werden. Der Artikel schließt mit einem Ausblick auf ein in der Medienökonomie noch unbekanntes Verfahren zur empirischen Bestimmung der Verbundenheit von Unternehmen, das interessante Impulse für Forschung und Praxis des strategischen Managements von Medienunternehmen liefern kann.
User Generated Content
Authors: Stöckl Ralph , Grau Christoph , Hess Thomas
Published: December 2019

User Generated Content ist ein aktuelles und stark diskutiertes Phänomen, das zu zentralen Veränderungen in der Medienwirtschaft führen könnte. Was genau aber ist unter diesem Begriff zu verstehen, warum beteiligen sich Nutzer überhaupt an der Inhalteerstellung und inwiefern können Medienunternehmen davon profitieren? Der vorliegende Stichwortbeitrag greift diese Fragestellungen auf, indem er zunächst den Begriff präzisiert und einordnet. Darauf aufbauend werden die zugrunde liegenden technologischen Treiber aufgezeigt und sowohl nutzer- als auch anbieterseitige Motive diskutiert. Die Ausführungen schließen mit einer Darstellung der daraus heute erkennbaren zentralen Herausforderungen für Medienunternehmen – ohne dafür schon Antworten geben zu können.
Regulierungsferien für „Neue Märkte“ (VDSL) ?
Authors: Baake Pio , Wey Christian , Vogelsang Ingo
Published: December 2019

Die Deutsche Telekom AG ist dabei, ein schnelles Breitbandnetz auf Basis der VDSL-Technologie aufzubauen. Sie vertritt dabei die Auffassung, dass sich außerhalb bestimmter Ballungsgebiete diese Investitionen wirtschaftlich nicht lohnen, wenn Dritte zu diesen Netzen zu staatlich regulierten Bedingungen ebenfalls Zugang erhalten. Sie macht den Ausbau zusätzlicher Gebiete deshalb davon abhängig, dass die Zugangsregulierung für eine bestimmte Zeitspanne ausgesetzt wird (sog. Regulierungsferien). Im Vorfeld ist der Vorschlag von Regulierungsferien für neue Märkte Gegenstand intensiver Diskussionen gewesen. Dabei sind sowohl für die Deutsche Telekom als auch für die Seite der Wettbewerber ökonomische Gutachten erstellt worden. Für erstere waren unter anderem Pio Baake und Christian Wey tätig. Ingo Vogelsang hat für den BREKO-Verband ein entsprechendes Gutachten erstellt. Die beiden nachfolgenden Artikel sind jeweils auf der Basis dieser Gutachten von den Autoren für die MedienWirtschaft verfasst worden und sollen in der Gegenüberstellung dem Leser einen Überblick über die Argumente vermitteln.
Abonnementmodelle für Onlinemusik
Authors: Strube Jochen , Block Amke , Pohl Gerrit , Buxmann Peter
Published: December 2019

Abonnementmodelle für Onlinemusik sind eine neuartige Vertriebsform, die sich stark von den bisherigen Geschäftsmodellen der Musikindustrie unterscheidet. Da in der Industrie kaum Erfahrungswerte für die zu erwartenden Einnahmen existieren, stellt die Gestaltung von Preisen und Lizenzierungsvereinbarungen eine Herausforderung für Abonnement-Anbieter und Rechteinhaber dar. Vor diesem Hintergrund haben wir einen Simulationsprototyp zur Entscheidungsunterstützung entwickelt, der auf Basis empirischer Daten eine Vorhersage der Einnahmen aus Abonnementmodellen ermöglicht. Der Artikel erläutert zunächst die Grundlagen des Geschäftsmodells und stellt dessen Vor- und Nachteile aus Sicht der Anbieter und Kunden vor. Danach wird die Funktionsweise des Prototyps erklärt, der auf einem agentenbasierten Modell beruht. Mit Hilfe zweier Beispielszenarien verdeutlichen wir die Anwendung des Simulationstools.