bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scenario analysis for programmatic tuberculosis control in Bangladesh: a mathematical modelling study
Authors: Kuddus Md Abdul , Meehan Michael T. , Sayem Md. Abu , McBryde Emma S.
Published: February 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in Bangladesh. Although the National TB control program of Bangladesh is implementing a comprehensive expansion of TB control strategies, logistical challenges exist, and there is significant uncertainty concerning the disease burden. Mathematical modelling of TB is considered one of the most effective ways to understand the dynamics of infection transmission and allows quantification of parameters in different settings, including Bangladesh. In this study, we present a two-strain mathematical modelling framework to explore the dynamics of drug-susceptible (DS) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB in Bangladesh. We calibrated the model using DS and MDR-TB annual incidence data from Bangladesh from years 2001 to 2015. Further, we performed a sensitivity analysis of the model parameters and found that the contact rate of both strains had the largest influence on the basic reproduction numbers $${\text{R}}_{{0{\text{s}}}}$$

R

0
s

and $${\text{R}}_{{0{\text{m}}}}$$

R

0
m

of DS and MDR-TB, respectively. Increasingly powerful intervention strategies were developed, with realistic impact and coverage determined with the help of local staff. We simulated for the period from 2020 to 2035. Here, we projected the DS and MDR-TB burden (as measured by the number of incident cases and mortality) under a range of intervention scenarios to determine which of these scenario is the most effective at reducing burden. Of the single-intervention strategies, enhanced case detection is the most effective and prompt in reducing DS and MDR-TB incidence and mortality in Bangladesh and that with GeneXpert testing was also highly effective in decreasing the burden of MDR-TB. Our findings also suggest combining additional interventions simultaneously leads to greater effectiveness, particularly for MDR-TB, which we estimate requires a modest investment to substantially reduce, whereas DS-TB requires a strong sustained investment.
Modelling the spatiotemporal complexity of interactions between pathogenic bacteria and a phage with a temperature-dependent life cycle switch
Authors: Egilmez Halil I. , Morozov Andrew Yu. , Galyov Edouard E.
Published: February 2021

We apply mathematical modelling to explore bacteria-phage interaction mediated by condition-dependent lysogeny, where the type of the phage infection cycle (lytic or lysogenic) is determined by the ambient temperature. In a natural environment, daily and seasonal variations of the temperature cause a frequent switch between the two infection scenarios, making the bacteria-phage interaction with condition-dependent lysogeny highly complex. As a case study, we explore the natural control of the pathogenic bacteria Burkholderia pseudomallei by its dominant phage. B. pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, which is among the most fatal diseases in Southeast Asia and across the world. We assess the spatial aspect of B. pseudomallei-phage interactions in soil, which has been so far overlooked in the literature, using the reaction-diffusion PDE-based framework with external forcing through daily and seasonal parameter variation. Through extensive computer simulations for realistic biological parameters, we obtain results suggesting that phages may regulate B. pseudomallei numbers across seasons in endemic areas, and that the abundance of highly pathogenic phage-free bacteria shows a clear annual cycle. The model predicts particularly dangerous soil layers characterised by high pathogen densities. Our findings can potentially help refine melioidosis prevention and monitoring practices.
Safety and efficacy of combination of suberoylamilide hydroxyamic acid and mitomycin C in reducing pro-fibrotic changes in human corneal epithelial cells
Authors: Shetty Rohit , Kumar Nimisha Rajiv , Subramani Murali , Krishna Lekshmi , Murugeswari Ponnalagu , Matalia Himanshu , Khamar Pooja , Dadachanji Zelda V. , Mohan Rajiv R. , Ghosh Arkasubhra , Das Debashish
Published: February 2021

Corneal haze post refractive surgery is prevented by mitomycin c (MMC) treatment though it can lead to corneal endothelial damage, persistent epithelial defects and necrosis of cells. Suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) however has been proposed to prevent corneal haze without any adverse effects. For clinical application we have investigated the short and long term outcome of cells exposed to SAHA. Human donor cornea, cultured limbal epithelial cells, corneal rims and lenticules were incubated with SAHA and MMC. The cells/tissue was then analyzed by RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence and western blot for markers of apoptosis and fibrosis. The results reveal that short term exposure of SAHA and SAHA + MMC reduced apoptosis levels and increased αSMA expression compared to those treated with MMC. Epithelial cells derived from cultured corneal rim that were incubated with the MMC, SAHA or MMC + SAHA revealed enhanced apoptosis, reduced levels of CK3/CK12, ∆NP63 and COL4A compared to other treatments. In SAHA treated lenticules TGFβ induced fibrosis was reduced. The results imply that MMC treatment for corneal haze has both short term and long term adverse effects on cells and the cellular properties. However, a combinatorial treatment of SAHA + MMC prevents expression of corneal fibrotic markers without causing any adverse effect on cellular properties.
Sublethal concentrations of clothianidin affect honey bee colony growth and hive CO2 concentration
Authors: Meikle William G. , Adamczyk John J. , Weiss Milagra , Ross Janie , Werle Chris , Beren Eli
Published: February 2021

The effects of agricultural pesticide exposure upon honey bee colonies is of increasing interest to beekeepers and researchers, and the impact of neonicotinoid pesticides in particular has come under intense scrutiny. To explore potential colony-level effects of a neonicotinoid pesticide at field-relevant concentrations, honey bee colonies were fed 5- and 20-ppb concentrations of clothianidin in sugar syrup while control colonies were fed unadulterated syrup. Two experiments were conducted in successive years at the same site in southern Arizona, and one in the high rainfall environment of Mississippi. Across all three experiments, adult bee masses were about 21% lower among colonies fed 20-ppb clothianidin than the untreated control group, but no effects of treatment on brood production were observed. Average daily hive weight losses per day in the 5-ppb clothianidin colonies were about 39% lower post-treatment than in the 20-ppb clothianidin colonies, indicating lower consumption and/or better foraging, but the dry weights of newly-emerged adult bees were on average 6–7% lower in the 5-ppb group compared to the other groups, suggesting a nutritional problem in the 5-ppb group. Internal hive CO2 concentration was higher on average in colonies fed 20-ppb clothianidin, which could have resulted from greater CO2 production and/or reduced ventilating activity. Hive temperature average and daily variability were not affected by clothianidin exposure but did differ significantly among trials. Clothianidin was found to be, like imidacloprid, highly stable in honey in the hive environment over several months.
Author Correction: The value of multiparameter 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in differentiating retroperitoneal paragangliomas from unicentric Castleman disease
Authors: Jiang Yuanyuan , Hou Guozhu , Zhu Zhaohui , Huo Li , Cheng Wuying , Li Fang
Published: February 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Publisher Correction: Temporal lung changes on thin-section CT in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Zhang Zhiyan , Tang Runhui , Sun Heyang , Dai Haiyang , Chen Kangyin , Ye Xinmiao , Ye Wei , Li Shengkai , Lan Bowen , Li Li , Ou Chun-Quan
Published: February 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Publisher Correction: Stereotactic Cortical Atlas of the Domestic Canine Brain
Authors: Johnson Philippa J. , Luh Wen-Ming , Rivard Benjamin C. , Graham Kathleen L. , White Andrew , FitzMaurice Marnie , Loftus John P. , Barry Erica F.
Published: February 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Building resilient medical technology supply chains with a software bill of materials
Authors: Carmody Seth , Coravos Andrea , Fahs Ginny , Hatch Audra , Medina Janine , Woods Beau , Corman Joshua
Published: February 2021

An exploited vulnerability in a single software component of healthcare technology can affect patient care. The risk of including third-party software components in healthcare technologies can be managed, in part, by leveraging a software bill of materials (SBOM). Analogous to an ingredients list on food packaging, an SBOM is a list of all included software components. SBOMs provide a transparency mechanism for securing software product supply chains by enabling faster identification and remediation of vulnerabilities, towards the goal of reducing the feasibility of attacks. SBOMs have the potential to benefit all supply chain stakeholders of medical technologies without significantly increasing software production costs. Increasing transparency unlocks and enables trustworthy, resilient, and safer healthcare technologies for all.
Specific residues in the cytoplasmic domain modulate photocurrent kinetics of channelrhodopsin from Klebsormidium nitens
Authors: Tashiro Rintaro , Sushmita Kumari , Hososhima Shoko , Sharma Sunita , Kateriya Suneel , Kandori Hideki , Tsunoda Satoshi P.
Published: February 2021

Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are light-gated ion channels extensively applied as optogenetics tools for manipulating neuronal activity. All currently known ChRs comprise a large cytoplasmic domain, whose function is elusive. Here, we report the cation channel properties of KnChR, one of the photoreceptors from a filamentous terrestrial alga Klebsormidium nitens, and demonstrate that the cytoplasmic domain of KnChR modulates the ion channel properties. KnChR is constituted of a 7-transmembrane domain forming a channel pore, followed by a C-terminus moiety encoding a peptidoglycan binding domain (FimV). Notably, the channel closure rate was affected by the C-terminus moiety. Truncation of the moiety to various lengths prolonged the channel open lifetime by more than 10-fold. Two Arginine residues (R287 and R291) are crucial for altering the photocurrent kinetics. We propose that electrostatic interaction between the rhodopsin domain and the C-terminus domain accelerates the channel kinetics. Additionally, maximal sensitivity was exhibited at 430 and 460 nm, the former making KnChR one of the most blue-shifted ChRs characterized thus far, serving as a novel prototype for studying the molecular mechanism of color tuning of the ChRs. Furthermore, KnChR would expand the optogenetics tool kit, especially for dual light applications when short-wavelength excitation is required.
Full structural ensembles of intrinsically disordered proteins from unbiased molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Shrestha Utsab R. , Smith Jeremy C. , Petridis Loukas
Published: February 2021

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is widely used to complement ensemble-averaged experiments of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). However, MD often suffers from limitations of inaccuracy. Here, we show that enhancing the sampling using Hamiltonian replica-exchange MD (HREMD) led to unbiased and accurate ensembles, reproducing small-angle scattering and NMR chemical shift experiments, for three IDPs of varying sequence properties using two recently optimized force fields, indicating the general applicability of HREMD for IDPs. We further demonstrate that, unlike HREMD, standard MD can reproduce experimental NMR chemical shifts, but not small-angle scattering data, suggesting chemical shifts are insufficient for testing the validity of IDP ensembles. Surprisingly, we reveal that despite differences in their sequence, the inter-chain statistics of all three IDPs are similar for short contour lengths (< 10 residues). The results suggest that the major hurdle of generating an accurate unbiased ensemble for IDPs has now been largely overcome.
Projecting future populations of urban agglomerations around the world and through the 21st century
Authors: Kii Masanobu
Published: February 2021

Future population projections of urban agglomerations furnish essential input for development policies and sustainability strategies. Here, working within the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and using a simple urban-growth model, we estimate population trends throughout the 21st century for ~20,000 urban agglomerations in 151 countries. Our results suggest that urban growth in this century will produce increasingly concentrated cities, some growing to enormous sizes. We also demonstrate that, although detailed urbanization trajectories differ for different SSP scenarios, in all cases, the largest projected agglomerations of the future are more populous than the largest agglomerations today. Our projection strategy advances urban-population research by producing urban-size projections—for agglomerations around the world—that correctly obey empirically observed distribution laws. Although our method is very simple and omits various aspects of urbanization, it nonetheless yields valuable insight into long-term SSP-specific urbanization trends to inform discussion of sustainable urban policies.
A comprehensive review on the applications of nano-biosensor-based approaches for non-communicable and communicable disease detection
Authors: George Kerry Rout , Ukhurebor Kingsley Eghonghon , Kumari Swati , Maurya Ganesh Kumar , Patra Sushmita , Panigrahi Bijayananda , Majhi Sanatan , Rout Jyoti Ranjan , Rodriguez-Torres María del Pilar , Das Gitishree , Shin Han-Seung , Patra Jayanta Kumar
Published: February 2021

The outstretched application of biosensors in diverse domains has become the reason for its attraction to scientific communities.
Ruthenium-doped NiFe-based metal–organic framework nanoparticles as highly efficient catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Lin Yu , Zhao Linxiu , Wang Limin , Gong Yaqiong
Published: February 2021

The obtained Ru-NiFe-MOF/NF electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic performance and extraordinary durability toward the OER in an alkaline electrolyte.
Chemosensing of neurotransmitters with selectivity and naked eye detection of l-DOPA based on fluorescent Zn(ii)-terpyridine bearing boronic acid complexes
Authors: Bazany-Rodríguez Iván J. , Salomón-Flores María K. , Viviano-Posadas Alejandro O. , García-Eleno Marco A. , Barroso-Flores Joaquín , Martínez-Otero Diego , Dorazco-González Alejandro
Published: February 2021

A new range of fluorescent Zn(ii)-terpyridine complexes are described and studied in-depth as chemosensors for catecholamine-based neurotransmitters in pure water.
Elimination of aliasing in LA-ICP-MS by alignment of laser and mass spectrometer
Authors: Norris C. Ashley , Danyushevsky Leonid , Olin Paul , West Nicholas R.
Published: February 2021

We have developed a device that fires the laser in alignment with the measurement cycle of sequential ICP-MS instruments, allowing quadrupole LA-ICP-MS analysis to be performed using fast response ablation cells.
Quantifying an acceptable open-circuit corrosion current for aluminum–air batteries
Authors: Hopkins Brandon J. , Rolison Debra R.
Published: February 2021

By deriving a corrosion model, we show that anodes in most aluminum–air batteries corrode too quickly for commercial applications.
Effect of pomelo seed-derived carbon on the performance of supercapacitors
Authors: Yin Zhenyao , Xu Yaping , Wu Jinggao , Huang Jing
Published: February 2021

Electrochemical ultracapacitors derived from green and sustainable materials could demonstrate superior energy output and an ultra-long cycle life, which could contribute to next-generation applications.
A wafer-scale synthesis of monolayer MoS2 and their field-effect transistors toward practical applications
Authors: Liu Yuchun , Gu Fuxing
Published: February 2021

We focus on recent advances in wafer-scale monolayer MoS2 synthesis and 2D MoS2-FET for applications in logic gate circuits, memory devices and photodetectors, from fundamental MoS2 research to MoS2 devices development for next-generation electronics and optoelectronics.
In vitro characterization of 3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzoic acid building block formation in ambigol biosynthesis
Authors: Kresna I Dewa Made , Linares-Otoya Luis , Milzarek Tobias , Duell Elke R. , Mir Mohseni Mahsa , Mettal Ute , König Gabriele M. , Gulder Tobias A. M. , Schäberle Till F.
Published: February 2021

The cyanobacterium Fischerella ambigua is a natural producer of polychlorinated aromatic compounds, the ambigols A–E. Here insights into the biosynthesis of these natural products are revealed.
Structural and electronic engineering of biomass-derived carbon nanosheet composite for electrochemical oxygen reduction
Authors: Maliutina Kristina , He Changjie , Huang Jiajia , Yu Jianglong , Li Fengjiao , He Chuanxin , Fan Liangdong
Published: February 2021

Carbon nanosheets from sustainable biomass via chemical pretreatment and heterogeneous doping exhibit exceptional electrochemical oxygen reduction activity in alkaline solution.
High performance acid–base junction flow batteries using an asymmetric bipolar membrane with an ion-channel aligned anion exchange layer
Authors: Kim Jae-Hun , Chang In Seop , Moon Seung-Hyeon
Published: February 2021

An acid–base junction flow battery (ABJFB) is a new type of energy conversion system using neutralization and water dissociation in the presence of acid and base electrolytes.
Polyoxometalate-modified reduced graphene oxide foam as a monolith reactor for efficient flow catalysis of epoxide ring-opening reactions
Authors: Jing Xiaoting , Li Zhen , Geng Weijie , Lv Hongjin , Chi Yingnan , Hu Changwen
Published: February 2021

A POM@rGO monolith reactor was constructed using a facile and broad-spectrum hydrothermal approach and it effectively catalyzes epoxide ring-opening reactions with 99% conversion and over 90% selectivity, reaching a turnover number (TON) of around 28 044 after 38 h catalysis.
Transition metal phosphides: new generation cathode host/separator modifier for Li–S batteries
Authors: Huang Song , Huixiang Edison , Yang Yang , Zhang Yufei , Ye Minghui , Li Cheng Chao
Published: February 2021

This article summarizes the latest progress on TMPs for Li–S batteries in recent years, with a particular focus on the adsorption and catalysis of TMPs to PS, also including synthesis strategies, challenges and opportunities in the future.
Enhanced and long-term CT imaging tracking of transplanted stem cells labeled with temperature-responsive gold nanoparticles
Authors: Yu Chenggong , Bao Hongying , Chen Zhongjin , Li Xiaodi , Liu Xiaoyun , Wang Weizhi , Huang Jie , Zhang Zhijun
Published: February 2021

A temperature responsive CT nanotracer, TRAuNPs, was developed, which exhibited improved hMSC labeling efficiency and prolonged intracellular retention time, thereby facilitating enhanced and long-term CT imaging tracking of hMSCs in IPF.
Lipid nanoparticles loaded with butamben and designed to improve anesthesia at inflamed tissues
Authors: Rodrigues da Silva Gustavo H. , Lemes Julia Borges Paes , Geronimo Gabriela , Freitas de Lima Fernando , de Moura Ludmilla David , Carvalho dos Santos Ariany , Carvalho Nathalia Santos , Malange Kauê Franco , Breitkreitz Márcia C. , Parada Carlos A. , de Paula Eneida
Published: February 2021

The local anesthetic Butamben was encapsulated in NLC and characterized.In vitrotests showed decreased cytotoxicity andin vivoit improved the anesthesia in inflamed tissue.
Bioorthogonal protein labelling enables the study of antigen processing of citrullinated and carbamylated auto-antigens
Authors: van Leeuwen Tyrza , Araman Can , Pieper Pournara Linda , Kampstra Arieke S. B. , Bakkum Thomas , Marqvorsen Mikkel H. S. , Nascimento Clarissa R. , Groenewold G. J. Mirjam , van der Wulp Willemijn , Camps Marcel G. M. , Janssen George M. C. , van Veelen Peter A. , van Westen Gerard J. P. , Janssen Antonius P. A. , Florea Bogdan I. , Overkleeft Herman S. , Ossendorp Ferry A. , Toes René E. M. , van Kasteren Sander I.
Published: February 2021

Click handle-containing antigens can be used to study uptake, processing and presentation by immune cells.
Spin crossover phenomena in long chain alkylated complexes
Authors: Akiyoshi Ryohei , Ohtani Ryo , Lindoy Leonard F. , Hayami Shinya
Published: February 2021

This review presents a discussion of soft metal complexes with a focus on spin crossover behaviours that are associated with structural phase transition, including liquid crystal LC transition.
Stimuli -triggered fluoro-switching in metal–organic frameworks: applications and outlook
Authors: Goswami Ranadip , Pal Tapan K. , Neogi Subhadip
Published: February 2021

The efficacy of MOFs in the field of host–guest mediated fluorescence switching is discussed with specific importance on external stimuli assisted real-time monitoring of multiple classes of toxic compounds that highlight the importance of structure–property synergies.
Synthesis of novel pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolinebisphosphonic acids and an unexpected intramolecular cyclization and phosphonylation reaction
Authors: Teixeira Fátima C. , Lucas Carla , Curto M. João M. , André Vânia , Duarte M. Teresa , Teixeira António P. S.
Published: February 2021

Novel pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolinebisphosphonic acid derivatives were synthesized. An unexpected cascade reaction was observed, with the phosphonylation of an aromatic ring and the formation of a new tetracyclic ring system.
Cylindrical confinement of solutions containing semiflexible macromolecules: surface-induced nematic orderversusphase separation
Authors: Milchev Andrey , Binder Kurt
Published: February 2021

Solutions of semiflexible polymers confined in cylindrical pores with repulsive walls are studied by molecular dynamics simulations for a wide range of polymer concentrations.
Effect of Realistic Test Conditions on Spectral and Temporal Processing in Normal-Hearing Listeners
Authors: Yoon Yang-Soo , Boren Callie Michelle , Diaz Brianna
Published: February 2021

Purpose

To measure the effect of testing conditions (in the soundproof booth vs. quiet room), test order, and number of test sessions on spectral and temporal processing in normal-hearing (NH) listeners.

Method

Thirty-two adult NH listeners participated in the three experiments. For all three experiments, the stimuli were presented to the left ear at the subjects' most comfortable level through headphones. All tests were administered in an adaptive three-alternative forced-choice paradigm. Experiment 1 was designed to compare the effect of soundproof booth and quiet room test conditions on amplitude modulation detection threshold and modulation frequency discrimination threshold with each of the five modulation frequencies. Experiment 2 was designed to compare the effect of two test orders on the frequency discrimination thresholds under the quiet room test conditions. The thresholds were first measured in the ascending and descending order of four pure tones, and then with counterbalanced order. For Experiment 3, the amplitude discrimination threshold under the quiet room testing condition was assessed 3 times to determine the effect of the number of test sessions. Then the thresholds were compared over the sessions.

Results

Results showed no significant effect of test environment. The test order is an important variable for frequency discrimination, particularly between piano tunes and pure tones. Results also show no significant difference across test sessions.

Conclusions

These results suggest that a controlled test environment may not be required in spectral and temporal assessment for NH listeners. Under the quiet test environment, a single outcome measure is sufficient, but test orders should be counterbalanced.
Speech-Language Pathologist Involvement in Multi-Tiered System of Supports Questionnaire: Advances in Interprofessional Practice
Authors: McKenna Meaghan , Castillo Jose , Dedrick Robert F. , Cheng Ke , Goldstein Howard
Published: February 2021

Purpose

This article describes the development and initial validation of the Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP) Involvement in Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS) Questionnaire. It was developed to measure the extent to which SLPs are involved in MTSS at their school site(s).

Method

A total of 567 SLPs practicing in the United States responded to up to 39 Likert-type items meant to reflect six domains: scope of practice, professional development, leadership, consulting/collaborating, assessment and analysis, and intervention. Measurement quality was evaluated in terms of score reliability and validity. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to evaluate the internal structure of the questionnaire responses. A three-factor model with the following dimensions of Carrying out Roles and Responsibilities, Leading, and Planning and Providing Interventions was supported. Loadings for retained factors ranged from .35 to .87. Internal consistency estimates ranged from .87 to .92. Descriptive statistics summarized the overall involvement of SLPs in MTSS, and responses to questions to assess the feasibility and acceptability of this questionnaire were analyzed.

Results

Questionnaire responses indicated that SLPs infrequently engage in MTSS activities. The item with the highest mean was related to SLPs collaborating with teachers to help them address students' speech and language disorders in their classrooms. Most of the SLPs who took the questionnaire found it easy to complete, but only some found the information to be useful.

Conclusions

The infrequent involvement of SLPs in MTSS indicates a need to disseminate information on the potentially valuable roles SLPs can play in MTSS implementation. This tool may be used by SLPs to better understand contributions they can make within an MTSS framework and self-reflect on their current levels of involvement.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13874516
Investigating Adolescent Discourse in Critical Thinking: Monologic Responses to Stories Containing a Moral Dilemma
Authors: Wallis Adele K. , Westerveld Marleen F. , Waters Allison M. , Snow Pamela C.
Published: February 2021

Purpose

The adolescent developmental task of establishing autonomy from parents is supported through various aspects of executive functioning, including critical thinking. Our aim was to investigate younger and older adolescent language performance in form, content, and use in response to a moral dilemma task.

Method

Forty-four typically developing adolescents completed a language sampling task, responding to stories that contained a moral dilemma for one of the characters. Two age groups participated: younger adolescents (n= 24, 12;2–13;11 [years;months]) and older adolescents (n= 20, 16;1–17;11). Participants produced a monologue in response to an open-ended question prompt. Responses were transcribed and analyzed for discourse production on measures of form (verbal productivity and syntactic complexity) and content (semantic diversity and word percentages in three semantic domains: affective, social, and cognitive). Language use was evaluated using a coding system based on Bloom's revised taxonomy of thinking.

Results

There were no significant group differences in performance on measures of syntactic complexity and semantic diversity. Significant differences were found in adolescents' language using Bloom's revised taxonomy. The younger adolescents demonstrated a significantly higher proportion of utterances at Level 1 (remembering and understanding) compared to older adolescents, while the older age group produced a higher proportion at Level 3 (evaluating and creating).

Conclusions

The moral dilemma task was effective in demonstrating the growth of adolescent language skills in use of language for critical thinking. The results highlight the clinical utility of the moral dilemma task in engaging adolescents in discourse involving critical thinking, whereas the associated coding scheme, based on Bloom's revised taxonomy of thinking, may differentiate levels of critical thinking and provide direction for intervention.
A review on manipulation skill acquisition through teleoperation‐based learning from demonstration
Authors: Si Weiyong , Wang Ning , Yang Chenguang
Published: February 2021

Manipulation skill learning and generalisation have gained increasing attention due to the wide applications of robot manipulators and the spurt of robot learning techniques. Especially, the learning from demonstration method has been exploited widely and successfully in the robotic community, and it is regarded as a promising direction to realise the manipulation skill learning and generalisation. In addition to the learning techniques, the immersive teleoperation enables the human to operate a remote robot with an intuitive interface and achieve the telepresence. Thus, it is a promising way to transfer manipulation skills from humans to robots by combining the learning methods and teleoperation, and adapting the learned skills to different tasks in new situations. This review, therefore, aims to provide an overview of immersive teleoperation for skill learning and generalisation to deal with complex manipulation tasks. To this end, the key technologies, for example, manipulation skill learning, multimodal interfacing for teleoperation and telerobotic control, are introduced. Then, an overview is given in terms of the most important applications of immersive teleoperation platform for robot skill learning. Finally, this survey discusses the remaining open challenges and promising research topics.
Sparse linear array with low mutual coupling ratio for DOA estimation
Authors: Wu Fan , Cao Fei , Feng Xiaowei , Ni Xiaogang , Chen Chong
Published: February 2021

In order to reduce the mutual coupling ratio of sparse linear array, a new linear array structure with two sparse uniform linear arrays interleaved nested, is proposed in this paper. The new sparse linear array structure is consisted of two subarrays which have N and M physical sensors, respectively. By setting appropriate interelement spacing and interleaving, the degrees‐of‐freedom, uniform degrees‐of‐freedom and array aperture of the proposed sparse array can reach , and , respectively. On one hand, the proposed sparse array has closed‐form expressions for the sensor locations. On the other hand, through comparative analysis, although the proposed array structure has lower uniform degrees‐of‐freedom, it can greatly increase the degrees‐of‐freedom, extend the array aperture, and reduce the mutual coupling ratio between physical sensors, which means better estimation performance of direction‐of‐arrival estimation can be achieved. Finally, the direction‐of‐arrival estimation performance of the proposed array structure is verified by numerical simulations.
mm‐Wave micro‐wave integrated Sub‐RAN for CRAN performance enhancement
Authors: Singh Sameer Kumar , Singh Rohit , Kumbhani Brijesh
Published: February 2021

Coordinated Multi‐Point (CoMP) transmission in Cloud Radio Access Network (CRAN) requires a large amount of data transmission and processing within a coherence time window. Hence, CoMP transmission puts a lot of burden on the central processor and back‐haul unit. Also, establishing CoMP for high‐mobility users is challenging due to small coherence window and large beamforming overhead over mm‐Wave transmission. This paper proposes a two‐layer CRAN architecture with intelligent mm‐Wave and micro‐Wave allocation. A dual connectivity framework has been introduced to increase the coverage of high‐mobility users. Further, it is shown that the proposed scenario reduces the load on the central processor and central back‐haul. To avoid unnecessary handoffs, a mobility management algorithm is also proposed, which can provide seamless connectivity to the users irrespective of their velocity. Further, through simulation results, it is shown that the proposed network outperforms the existing CRAN framework.
Improving the acousto‐optical interaction by an introduction of a planarisation SiO2 layer
Authors: Wang Rongwei , Fan Guofang , Zhang Zeping , Jing Yachao , Wang Muguang , Cai Xiaoyu , Wei Jiasi , Li Hongyu , Li Yuan
Published: February 2021

This paper introduces a planarisation SiO2 layer into the configuration of ZnO‐silicon‐on‐insulator for constructing an acoustical resonant cavity to enhance the acoustic density on a silicon‐on‐insulator waveguide. The improved configuration with a planarisation SiO2 layer can increase the acousto‐optical interaction by about three times and 20% compared with acousto‐optical configuration of ZnO pads only in an interdigital transducer region and all over a silicon on insulator. Moreover, an introduction of a planarisation SiO2 layer can reduce acoustic reflection on optical waveguide and optical waveguide loss for an acousto‐optical device on silicon‐on‐insulator optical waveguides.
Autonomous trail‐following unmanned aerial vehicle system based on resource partitioning of single hardware platform
Authors: Lim Yoojin , Kim Kyungil , Shin Jinah , Lim Chaedeok
Published: February 2021

As deep neural networks are spreading to almost all fields, flight systems in the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) domain are undergoing various transitions to intelligent systems. Among these transitions—in a bid to reduce flight risk—is the active research domain of autonomous navigation for intelligent UAVs. The autonomous trail‐following flight system that this letter introduces can safely consolidate flight control and mission control within the latest commercial hardware platform. The resource usage and degradation of pass‐through delay in vision‐based convolutional neural network workloads show that virtualisation overhead is not significantly negative, and the overall performance of the introduced system is acceptable. Real‐time cooperation is also verified as achievable—in that the workloads incur minimal communication delay—between the controls. Finally, the actual field test analysis demonstrates the applicability of our autonomous UAV system, whereby our system controls the UAV to follow the centre of a set trail.
Method for providing background traffic using IP random assigning in cyber range
Authors: Lee Changwon
Published: February 2021

This letter proposes a method for providing non‐periodic background traffic applicable to cyber ranges. Background traffic is essential to cyber ranges, but it should not be easily distinguished from malicious traffic. The proposed method removes the repetition period of background traffic by using a random number and random shuffling. Details of concatenating traffic data using random numbers and random permutations are presented. Fisher's exact test was conducted to test whether the periodicity of the traffic changes by applying the proposed method, and the results are also illustrated.
Optimal tag selection scheme for a backscatter communication system over the independent but not necessarily identically distributed Rayleigh fading channels
Authors: Liu Yingting , Ye Yinghui , Yan Guanghui , Ma Jiaxiu , Zhao Yongli
Published: February 2021

This letter analyses the outage performance of the optimal tag selection scheme for the proposed backscatter communication system. The consumed power by the tag's circuit is considered and the harvested power is described using the non‐linear model. On the premise of the harvested power satisfying its own consumption, the tag that can maximise the received effective signal‐to‐noise ratio at the destination is selected to convey its own information. The analytical results of the outage probability for the proposed optimal tag selection scheme are derived over the independent but not necessarily identically distributed Rayleigh fading channels, and the diversity order is also obtained with the help of the derived high signal‐to‐noise ratio approximations. The numerical results verify our theoretical analysis and show that the proposed optimal tag selection scheme has the best performance compared to other counterparts under different parameter set‐ups.
Low bit‐based convolutional neural network for one‐class object detection
Authors: Kim Youngbin , Choi Ouk , Hwang Wonjun
Published: February 2021

Low‐performance systems such as mobile and embedded devices require an efficient deep neural network for object detection. In this letter, we propose a very efficient network made by both quantisation and model compression for detecting one class. First, our proposed network uses 1‐bit weights to reduce the kernel parameter size and 8‐bit activations to increase the speed. Second, we optimise the model size and computational power by compressing the maximum number of channels of the network. Therefore, compared to Darknet19, our proposed network infers 35 times faster on the CPU and saves over 7000 times memory. For fair evaluations, we built one‐class object detection databases to detect subtitles of various videos and a specific class from the Pascal VOC database. We verify, compared to Darknet19 and Tiny you only look once (YOLO), that the proposed optimised network does not degrade in object detection accuracy with the efficient and applicable parameter sizes and computational complexity.
Covariance matrix reconstruction and steering vector estimation for robust adaptive transmit/receive beamforming in full phased‐MIMO radar
Authors: Lu J. , Yang J. , Hou B. , Zhu F. , Liu G.
Published: February 2021

The hybrid phased multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) radar with subarray partition can provide the transmit coherent gain of phased array and the waveform diversity of MIMO radar. The current researches mainly focus on the different subarray partition schemes of the transmit array. In this letter, a full phased‐MIMO (FPMIMO) radar with equally overlapped subarrays is introduced, and a robust adaptive transmit/receive beamforming algorithm is proposed based on the virtual interference‐plus‐noise covariance matrix (INCM) reconstruction and the virtual steering vector estimation. In the FPMIMO radar, the conventional beamforming is used for the signal transmission and reception on each subarray, and all subarrays can be assumed as a uniform linear array. Based on the presumed uniform linear array, the virtual INCM can be reconstructed by Eigen‐decomposition of the reconstructed INCM, and the virtual steering vector can be obtained by the estimated steering vector. With fewer antenna elements and sampling channels in the FPMIMO radar, simulation results demonstrate better performance of the proposed algorithm in a wide range of input signal‐to‐noise ratio.
Smart power flow node aimed at hybrid ac/dc power system for more electric aircraft
Authors: Zhao Yajun , Huang Wenxin , Bu Feifei
Published: February 2021

A smart power flow node (SPFN) aimed at a hybrid ac/dc electric power system (EPS) for future more electric aircraft is presented. The SPFN is researched to enhance the performance of the EPS. Based on the SPFN, new power flow paths are established for the EPS, and intelligent power flow management of the EPS is realised. A multi‐port topology is designed for the SPFN to be compatible with different ac and dc power ports. Moreover, three operating modes of the SPFN are studied to realise uninterrupted power supply, power support of high‐power load and power transfer of the feedback energy from regenerative load. The experimental results verify the feasibility and availability of the SPFN and show that the SPFN can improve the equivalent capacity as well as the power supply reliability of the EPS.
A dual‐phase‐conducted type bearingless switched reluctance flywheel motor with hybrid outer rotor
Authors: Zhou Yunhong , Jiang Jiahao , Sun Yukun , Zhu Zhiying
Published: February 2021

A novel dual‐phase‐conducted type bearingless switched reluctance flywheel motor is proposed, which has a hybrid outer rotor comprising circular segment and scalloped lamination segment, and only one set of winding is placed on each stator pole. In order to drive the flywheel to accelerate or slow down, two phases of windings in this motor conduct simultaneously. One phase provides radial suspension force, and the other phase provides electromagnetic torque. There exits satisfying decoupling between torque and suspension force. With the circular segment of the rotor, the continuity and stability of radial force can be enhanced. Finite element analysis results confirm the feasibility of the theoretical scheme.
Influence of phase‐locked loop aggregation on the dynamic aggregation of wind farm strings with heterogeneous parameters
Authors: Taul Mads Graungaard , Wang Xiongfei , Davari Pooya , Blaabjerg Frede
Published: February 2021

Offshore wind farms are cornerstone solutions for enabling large‐scale integration of renewable energy. Due to the large number of wind turbines in a wind farm, each with their individual complex control structure, a detailed time‐domain model for analysis of wind farms is impractical from a computational burden perspective. Accordingly, aggregated models have been presented to reduce the computation time. Despite the high activity in aggregated modelling of wind farms, dynamic aggregation considering heterogeneous converter controllers and filter parameters, including different phase‐locked loop (PLL) parameters have not been discussed previously. To remedy this issue, this study proposes an aggregated structure‐preserving model of a wind farm string where all converters have heterogeneous parameters. The proposed model is verified by simulations against a detailed numerical model of the wind farm string, showing its accuracy in preserving the wind farm string dynamics under a severe grid fault with different short‐circuit ratios and PLL parameters. Through a comparison of four different PLL aggregation methods under the considered case studies, it is found that the PLL aggregation has a negligible influence on the aggregated response and, hence, the particular aggregation method employed is not of great importance.
Coordinated design of delay‐dependent wide‐area damping controllers considering multiple time delays
Authors: Yao Wei , Yan Cai , Liu Xinmiao , Zhang Chuan‐Ke , Jiang Lin , Wen Jinyu
Published: February 2021

This paper investigates coordinated design of multiple wide‐area damping controllers (WADCs) for damping multiple inter‐area oscillations considering communication delays in multiple control loop. Two approaches have been investigated: the sequential approach which uses the stability criteria for single delay and design the WADC independently, and the coordinated approach which employs a less conservative and fast Lyapunov stability criterion for linear system with multiple delays to calculate delay margins simultaneously and coordinately design the multiple WADCs. The sequential approach cannot reveal the interaction among several WADCs loops with multiple delays and may lead to inaccurate delay margins, while the coordinated approach takes into account interactions of delays between different WADC control loops and can result in accurate delay stable region and relationship between delay margins and the WADC gains. Gains of WADCs are determined based on a trade‐off between damping performance and delay margin. Case studies are based on the modified IEEE 10‐machine 39‐bus power system equipped with two FACTS devices and two WADCs. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified by simulation studies.
Chattering‐free robust finite‐time output feedback control scheme for a class of uncertain non‐linear systems
Authors: Razmjooei Hamid , Shafiei Mohammad Hossein , Palli Gianluca , Ibeas Asier
Published: February 2021

In this study, an innovative technique to design an observer‐based finite‐time output feedback controller (FT‐OFC) is proposed for a class of non‐linear systems. This controller aims to make the state variables converge to a small bound around the origin in a finite time. The main innovation of this study is to transform the non‐linear system into a new time‐varying form to achieve the finite‐time boundedness criteria using the asymptotic stability methods. Moreover, without any prior knowledge of the upper bounds of the system uncertainties and/or disturbances, and only based on the output measurements, a novel time‐varying extended state observer is designed to estimate the states of the non‐linear system as well as the uncertainties and disturbances in a finite time. In this way, the time‐varying gains of the extended state observer are designed to converge the observation error to a neighbourhood of zero while remaining uniformly bounded in finite time. Subsequently, an observer‐based time‐varying control law is designed to make the system globally uniformly bounded in finite time. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed FT‐OFC for a disturbed double integrator system with unknown measurement noise is illustrated by numerical simulations.
Fault localisation and diagnosis in transmission networks based on robust deep Gabor convolutional neural network and PMU measurements
Authors: Afrasiabi Shahabodin , Afrasiabi Mousa , Mohammadi Mohammad , Parang Benyamin
Published: February 2021

In this study, the authors aim to develop a real‐time and comprehensive fault detection and localisation method in the transmission networks in wide‐area power systems and a two‐stage process. In the first stage, the fault and faulty line are diagnosed and then the fault location is estimated accurately. For this purpose, the authors design a robust deep Gabor filter convolutional neural network (RDGCNN) to understand the features of the complex and non‐linear signals during fault occurrence directly from the raw measured signals by the phasor measurement units (PMUs), on the basis of which a structure for fault detection, faulty line classification, and fault location estimation. The modulated Gabor‐based convolutional layers are able to capture temporal features as well as enhance understanding spatial features with fewer parameters. Furthermore, to enhance the robustness in the noisy condition, which is unavoidable in modern power systems, a new loss function is reformulated. The performance of the proposed RDGCNN is examined in the IEEE 68‐bus system in high noisy condition and the comparative results demonstrate that the designed robust deep network is fast, accurate, and reliable in the fault detection, faulty line classifying, and fault occurrence position.
AC power flow based DLMP calculation and decomposition method to smooth power fluctuation of distributed renewable energy sources
Authors: Jiang Yibo , Yang Rui , Jiang Haiyan Y. , Zhang Yingchen C.
Published: February 2021

As the penetration of renewable energy sources increases, the growing renewable power variability brings ramping issues to power systems. Meanwhile, the development of distributed energy resources (DERs) makes the distribution systems to provide both energy and ancillary services. To incentivise individual resources and customers to alleviate ramping issues on the demand side, a two‐stage distribution locational marginal price (DLMP) calculation and decomposition method is developed to formulate the marginal power ramping price for DERs. In the first stage of the proposed method, a distribution system operator market scheduling model based on AC optimal power flow is designed to estimate the optimal operating point of the distribution system. Subsequently, the voltage and power flow constraints are linearised in stage two to calculate DLMP. Finally, based on the Lagrange function and sensitivity factors, DLMP is decomposed to the marginal costs for active/reactive power, voltage management, power loss and power variability. Case studies demonstrate that the proposed model can effectively smooth the power fluctuation and reduce the ramping flexibility requirements of distribution systems.