bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
História da Ciência & COVID-19: Oportunidades e Constrangimentos no Ensino em Portugal
Authors:   Centro de Investigação, Desenvolvimento e Inovação do Instituto de Estudos Superiores de Fafe, Torres Joana , Rodrigues Isilda ,   Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro
Published: February 2022

A pandemia que vivemos, provocada pela disseminação do coronavírus SARS-CoV-2, tem um impacto indubitável nas nossas rotinas e na nossa forma de pensar o que, consequentemente, vem afetando também todo o funcionamento das atividades letivas. Desta conjugação, a ciência acabou por ganhar um papel reforçado na nossa sociedade, uma vez que se tornou crucial à compreensão do vírus, da doença e das suas implicações na nossa vida diária. No que concerne ao ensino das ciências, a pandemia permitiu reforçar a necessidade dos nossos alunos compreenderem como a ciência se desenvolve (natureza da ciência) e também a importância de desenvolverem competências que lhes permitam superar os mais variados desafios, fundamentais para tomarem decisões informadas e conscientes. Neste sentido, consideramos que o recurso ao contexto atual de pandemia, assim como, ao do contexto histórico de pandemias anteriores, pode ajudar a potenciar aprendizagens nos nossos alunos de todos os níveis de ensino. Pelo exposto, e de forma a compreender como é que a história da ciência - nomeadamente a história das pandemias, e o contexto pandémico em que vivemos foram explorados nas aulas em Portugal - foi elaborado e validado um inquérito por questionário. Os questionários foram enviados por email aos professores do Ensino Básico e do Ensino Secundário, para serem preenchidos de forma anónima em formato digital. Participaram no estudo 58 professores, dos vários grupos disciplinares, da região norte do país. Verificámos que um número substancial de professores refere ter recorrido mais à história das pandemias, tendo em conta o contexto atual, referindo que os alunos se revelaram motivados. Apesar das dificuldades impostas pela COVID-19, consideramos que a Educação em Ciências tem uma importância acrescida perante a situação pandémica atual, sendo a formação de professores e o desenvolvimento de materiais/recursos didáticos fundamentais para uma abordagem da história das pandemias e da situação pandémica atual consentânea com os desígnios da investigação educacional.
Uma Breve História da Tuberculose em Portugal
Authors:   Centro de Física da Universidade de Coimbra, Fiolhais Carlos
Published: February 2022

A tuberculose foi uma doença muito grave em Portugal, designadamente nos séculos XIX e XX, tendo vitimado escritores como Júlio Dinis, António Nobre, Cesário Verde e António Aleixo. Uma iniciativa pioneira foi a criação, no Funchal, do Hospício Princesa D. Maria Amélia, em 1853. No entanto, já depois do bacteriologista alemão Robert Koch ter identificado a bactéria causadora, foram dados passos decisivos para melhorar a higiene pública e debelar a doença entre nós, com as criações, em 1899, da Assistência Nacional aos Tuberculosos (desde 1945, passou, nacionalizada, a ser designada por Instituto de Assistência Nacional aos Tuberculosos), pela rainha D. Amélia, e da Liga Nacional contra a Tuberculose, por Miguel Bombarda. Foram também estabelecidos vários sanatórios: salientaram-se o Sanatório Sousa Martins, na Guarda, fundado por Lopo de Carvalho, em 1907, e o do Caramulo, fundado por Jerónimo de Lacerda, em 1920. Finalmente, revelaram-se instrumentos eficazes a contra a tuberculose, a aplicação da vacina BCG, inventada em 1921, e generalizada entre nós, com um plano de vacinação concretizado a partir dos anos 50, e a aplicação de um antibiótico (a estreptomicina), identificado em 1946 e logo aqui usado. No presente artigo pretendemos apresentar, em linhas gerais, o desenvolvimento da doença entre nós, salientando a recepção das novidades médicas, e a sua progressiva diminuição.
How to Reach and Influence Both Users and Non-users of Internal Social Media Technologies
Authors: Werling Kristen , Maier Michaela
Published: February 2022

This study investigates potential barriers and supporting factors for employees’ Internal Social Media (ISM) usage intention for not only users but also the harder to reach target group of non-users. Following and extending the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior (DTPB), it is assumed that ISM acceptance, superiors’ and peers’ support of ISM, superiors’ and peers’ usage of ISM, and the perceived ISM usage ability will explain employees’ usage intention. Multiple regression analyses revealed that users’ and non-users’ usage intention increases mostly with acceptance. Additionally, for users, peer usage support and behavior, as well as ISM Trainings showed to have an impact on usage intention.
The Role of Job Satisfaction, Work-life Balance on the Job Performance of Female Nurses at Local General Hospital
Authors: Wijaya Putu Deva Govinda Krisna , Suwandana I. Gusti Made
Published: February 2022

This study aims to analyze the effect of Job Satisfaction, Work-Life Balance on the Job Performance of Female Nurses at Klungkung General Hospital. The sample in this study were all female nurses totaling 206 female nurses at the Klungkung General Hospital. Filling out the questionnaire was done using a google form due to the Covid-19 pandemic and it was more effective and efficient. Determination of the sample in this study is using non-probability sampling technique with saturated sampling, namely the technique of determining the sample when all members of the population are used as samples. The saturated sample can also be referred to as a census because all members of the female nurse population are sampled. Data were analyzed using Path Analysis on SPSS Program. The results show that Work-life balance has a positive and significant effect on the performance of female nurses; Work-life balance has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction of female nurses; Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on nurse performance; and job satisfaction significantly mediate the relationship between the work-life balance on the performance of female nurses.
Impact of Economic Uncertainty on Foreign Direct Investment Inflows of Sri Lanka
Authors: Rodrigo W. P. S. , Randika P. A. D. D.
Published: February 2022

Foreign direct investment is the heart of economic growth. Sri Lanka faces foreign reserve shortage. Therefore, the researcher studied how foreign investors react on investment flows of Sri Lanka under world, regional, and domestic uncertainty situations of Sri Lanka. The researcher studied on impact of economic uncertainty on foreign direct investment inflows using world, regional and domestic uncertainty indexes which are newly constructed indexes. This study has been used quantitative analysis for impact on economic uncertainty on foreign direct investment inflows of Sri Lanka. The researcher used secondary data for the sample period of 1st quarter, 1996 to 4th quarter, 2019. The researcher used the autoregressive distributed lag model, error correction model for analyzing the short-run and long-run impact on economic uncertainty on FDI inflows of Sri Lanka. Regional economic uncertainty has a significantly impact on foreign direct investment inflows of Sri Lanka in short run and long run. In domestic economic uncertainty has significantly impact on foreign direct investment inflows of Sri Lanka in short run and long run.  However, World economic uncertainty has not significantly impacted on foreign direct investment inflows of Sri Lanka This study has used world, regional, and domestic uncertainty of Sri Lanka indexes, which were newly built to capture uncertainties. Findings of the study could be used for the changes of policies to attract foreign direct investment inflows of Sri Lanka.
The RD&I policy in Manaus Free Trade Zone: Opportunities and Challenges for the Implementation of the Industry 4.0
Authors: De Souza Junior Armando Araújo , De Freitas Lisboa Arthur , De Aguiar Luiz Frederico Oliveira , Itikawa Maurício , Da Silva Ocileide Custodio , Santiago Sandro Breval
Published: February 2022

The paper aims to analyze the challenges and opportunities for the implementation of industry 4.0 from the perspective of a public policy to encourage research, development and innovation (RD&I) from the Informatics Law (IL) in the Manaus Free Trade Zone (MFTZ). The theoretical foundation is initially carried out using the bibliographic and documental research method, based on a literature review on the main available knowledge scientific databases, using the terms “industry 4.0” and “research, development and innovation”, as well as the IL RD&I policy at MFTZ. The results are described in three dimensions: training and qualification of human resources, fostering the innovation ecosystem and RD&I.
A Neuro-fuzzy Logic Model Application for Predicting the Result of a Football Match
Authors: Onwuachu Uzochukwu C. , Enyindah Promise
Published: February 2022

Many various models have been proposed with the goal of estimating the factors that determine the winner and losers in a football match, and many other models have been proposed with the goal of estimating the elements that determine the winner and losers in a football match. Predicting the result of a football match has been the interest of many gamblers and football fans all over the world. In this research, a Neuro-fuzzy logic model for forecasting the outcome of a football match is proposed. The suggested model comprises two phases: the first utilizes a neural network model to generate the primary factors that impact team performance; the second phase uses a neural network model to generate the major factors that affect team performance. In the second phase, a fuzzy logic model is used to forecast the outcome of a football match. MatLab 2008 was used to simulate the proposed system. In order to forecast the winner and loser of each football match, the model took into account a variety of parameters that affect both the host team and the visiting squad. The results show that the Neurofuzzy logic technique is an effective tool for forecasting the outcome of a football match.
Gut microbiota alterations and their relationship to the disease severity and some cytokine profile indicators in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Gumenyuk LN , Golod MV , Silaeva NV , Sorokina LE , Ilyasov SS , Androschyuk NA , Krivoshapko OR , Velilyaev AM , Asanova LN
Published: February 2022

Gut microbiota is an essential element of maintaining the immune homeostasis, including in individuals with COVID-19. The study was aimed to assess taxonomic changes in the gut microbiota and their relationship with the disease severity and the levels of IL6, IL10, IL17, and TNFα in patients with COVID-19. A total of 110 patients with COVID-19 (index group) and 98 individuals with no COVID-19 (control group) were enrolled to the comparative cross-sectional study. The gut micribiota composition was determined by shotgun sequencing. Blood serum levels of IL6, IL10, IL17, and TNFα were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The following significant changes in the gut microbiota composition were observed in patients with COVID-19 in contrast to controls: decreased abundance of B. adolescentis (p = 0.048), E. rectale (p = 0.036), F. prausnitzi (p = 0.0002), B. dorei (p < 0.001), and increased abundance of R. gnavus (p = 0.012), Сl. hathewayi (p = 0.003), E. faecium (p = 0.0003). Correlations were established between the abundance of B. dorei and the IL6 levels (r = 0.49; p = 0.034), the abundance of F. prausnitzii and the levels of IL10, IL17 (r = 0.44; p = 0.001 and r = –0.52; p < 0.001, respectively). The abundance of R. gnavus correlated with the TNFα levels, and the abundance of E. faecium was related to the levels of IL6 (r = 0.47; p = 0.002) and TNFα (r = 0.56; p = 0.001). The relationship between the abundance of B. dorei, F. prausnitzii, E. faecium and the higher SHOKS-COVID clinical assessment scale scores was also revealed (r = –0.54; p = 0.001, r = –0.60; p < 0.001 and r = 0.67; p = 0.005, respectively). Targeted correction of gut microbiota may improve the COVID-19 treatment efficacy.
Dynamic changes in the concentration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies within 12 months after recovery from COVID-19
Authors: Mayanskiy NA , Brzhozovskaya EA , Stoyanova SS , Frolkov AV , Lebedin YuS
Published: February 2022

Generation and maintenance of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is essential for overcoming the pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19. The study was aimed to assess the dynamic changes in the levels of IgG antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) with the use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, calibrated using the International Standard for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin (IS-SARS-CoV-2). The concentrations of anti-RBD-IgG were measured in the cohort of individuals, who had recovered from COVID-19, with an interval of a month for 6 months, and at a time point of 12 months, using the ELISA kits, calibrated with the use of IS-SARS-CoV-2; the results were expressed in binding antibody units (BAU) per 1 mL. A total of 97 blood serum samples, obtained from 20 individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection, confirmed by PCR, were collected. The geometric mean titer (GMT) of anti-RBD-IgG was 433 BAU/mL (range 36-25,900 BAU/mL) within a month after the infection. The concentration of anti-RBD-IgG gradually decreased with time and reached the GMT value of 68 BAU/mL by the 12th month; anti-RBD-IgG persisted in 13 individuals (93%) out of 14, examined 12 months after the infection. The standardized quantitative serological data play a vital part in monitoring the immune response and make in easier to compare the studies, providing the basis for seeking the common serological correlate of the protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2.
Dinamika koncentracii antitel k SARS-CoV-2 v techenie 12 mesyacev posle perenesennoj infekcii COVID-19
Authors: Маянский Н. А. , Бржозовская Е. А. , Стоянова С. С. , Фролков А. В. , Лебедин Ю. С.
Published: February 2022

Formirovanie i podderzhanie immuniteta protiv SARS-CoV-2 yavlyaetsya vazhnym usloviem preodoleniya pandemii novoj koronavirusnoj infekcii COVID-19. Cel'yu raboty bylo oharakterizovat' dinamiku urovnya antitel IgG k receptor-svyazyvayushchemu domenu (RBD) SARS-CoV-2 s ispol'zovaniem nabora dlya immunofermentnogo analiza (IFA), otkalibrovannogo pri pomoshchi Mezhdunarodnogo standarta anti-SARS-CoV-2-immunoglobulinov (ISSARS-CoV-2). Koncentraciyu anti-RBD-IgG izmeryali v kogorte lic posle vyzdorovleniya ot COVID-19 s intervalom v mesyac v techenie 6 mesyacev i v tochke 12 mesyacev s ispol'zovaniem naborov IFA, otkalibrovannyh IS-SARS-CoV-2; rezul'taty predstavlyali v edinicah svyazyvaniya antitel (BAU) na 1 ml. Vsego issledovali 97 obrazcov syvorotki krovi ot 20 chelovek s PCR-podtverzhdennoj infekciej SARS-CoV-2. K pervomu mesyacu posle zarazheniya srednij geometricheskij titr (GMT) anti-RBD-IgG sostavil 433 BAU/ml (diapazon 36–25900 BAU/ml). So vremenem koncentraciya IgG protiv RBD postepenno snizhalas', dostigaya GMT v 68 BAU/ml k 12 mesyacu; anti-RBD-IgG sohranyalis' u 13 iz 14 (93%) lic, obsledovannyh cherez 12 mesyacev posle inificirovaniya. Standartizirovannye kolichestvennye serologicheskie dannye igrayut vazhnuyu rol' v monitoringe immunnogo otveta i oblegchayut sravnenie mezhdu issledovaniyami, sozdavaya osnovu dlya poiska obshchego serologicheskogo korrelyata immunnoj zashchity protiv SARS-CoV-2.
Деление на ноль(Division by zero) — Егор Шаванов(Egor Shavanov)
Authors: Шаванов Егор
Published: February 2022

Делить на ноль можно. Просто люди думали что нельзя из-за того что саму операцию "деление" неправильно понимали и выполняли. / It's possible to divide by zero. It's just that people thought they couldn't because they misunderstood and misperformed the "division" operation itself.
Влияние автотранспорта на содержание вредных веществ в окружающей среде
Authors: Шевелева Варвара
Published: February 2022

Актуальность проекта: Данный проект актуален, потому что содержание токсичных веществ в окружающей среде находится в критичном состоянии. В результате накоплений таких веществ в природе могут произойти ужасные события, способные сделать жизнь человека на Земле невыносимой или вовсе ее уничтожить.

Цель проекта: оценить влияние автотранспорта на содержание вредных веществ в окружающей среде.

Задачи проекта:

1) Изучить вредные вещества, которые содержатся в выхлопных газах автотранспорта.

2) Провести социологический опрос по теме «Влияние автотранспорта на содержание вредных веществ в окружающей среде».

3) Рассказать об организациях и людях, которые борются с экологическими проблемами в современном мире.

Методы исследования:

1) Социологический опрос среди учащихся 10-11 классов МБОУ «ЦО №22 (3 Лицей искусств)»

2) Анализ.

Практическая значимость проекта:

1) Результаты данного проекта помогут получить дополнительные знания ученикам о выбросах, которые происходят из-за разного транспорта. А также о тех веществах, которые являются их компонентами.

2) Результаты данного проекта могут помочь людям принять участие в защите нашей хрупкой природы, обращать чаще внимание на свой образ жизни, который не всегда может благоприятно сказываться на окружающем нас мире.
The Value of Platelet Indices and platelet to lymphocyte ratio as predictors of severity of Preeclampsia in Iraqi women
Authors: Salman Alea Farhan , Hameed Ban Hadi , Ali Eham Amer
Published: February 2022

To assess the significance of platelet indices and the ratio of platelet to lymphocyte as an early prediction of patients with severity of Preeclampsia. Ninety women were enrolled in three groups: group I: (In=30) women diagnosed as non-severe preeclampsia, group II: (n=30) women diagnosed as severe preeclampsia, and group: III (n=30) age-matched normal pregnant women as a control group. The platelet parameters namely: platelet count (PC), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (P/L ratio) were evaluated and compared among the study groups.Our findings showed a significant difference among the studied groups regarding the followings: body mass index BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at P-value < 0.05. Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet Distribution Width showed no significant differences between the study groups (P= 0.693 and 0.118, respectively). In all groups, highly decrease in platelet count (p = 0.01) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (p= 0.024) were found. The changes in the platelet indices are more evident in mothers with severe preeclampsia especially the ratio between platelet and lymphocyte. Thus, Platelet indices could be used as biomarkers for early prediction of preeclampsia seriousness.
Candida and Candidiasis - A review of Virulence Factors
Authors: Hamied Atyaf Saied
Published: February 2022

The occurrences of invasive candidiasis has increased over the previous few decades. Although Candida albicans considers as one of the most common species of organisms, that cause acquired fungal infections.

Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen and inherent in as a lifelong, the yeast is present in healthy individuals as a commensal, and can reside harmlessly in human body. However, in immuno-compromised individuals, the fungus can invade tissues, producing superficial infections and, in severe cases, life-threatening systemic infections. This review wills emphasis on virulence factor of C. albicans including (adhesion, invasion, candida proteinase, and phenotypic switching and biofilm formation.

Invasive Fungal diseases are result in very high morbidity as well as up to 60% mortality for people with severely susceptible hosts. This review will illustrate briefly the virulence factors in Candida albicans.
The relationship of eosinophil cationic protein / eosinophil count ratio and disease severity in allergic asthma patients
Authors: Qaddoori Yasir Basim , Salih Duha , Altaei Makarim
Published: February 2022

Finding an applicable clinical biomarker in body fluids can be useful in asthma management.  This study was conducted to support the investigations of probable immunological changes in asthmatic patients that may be useful therapeutic indicators. 61 matching patients and 23 apparently healthy individuals were included. Significant elevation in the level of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in asthmatics was found as compared with healthy controls, so as among asthma severity categories. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis determined 29 ng/ml of serum ECP as the typical cut-off value of significant denotation for differentiation between asthmatic patients and healthy individuals, significant positive linear correlation between both ECP level and also ECP/Eosinophil ratio with clinically estimated asthma severity were observed. The median of serum total IgE and rate of 100 IU/ml overlapped serum total IgE individuals were significantly higher in asthmatics than healthy controls and so as among asthma severity categories, whereas no significant correlation between total serum IgE level and asthma severity was found. According to the results, determination of serum ECP can be considered as a diagnostic tool to distinguish asthma cases, besides it reflects the severity of the disease significantly, whereas calculation of ECP/Eo ratio may be an effective marker in reflecting asthma severity and the activity of eosinophils during the inflammation which may be useful in asthma control and in the assessment of  the disease severity as well as the response to anti-inflammatory therapy, but it has no benefit for diagnosing asthma as no significant differences were recorded between asthmatics and healthy controls.
Attempts to manipulate direct fluorescent antibody test for detection of rabies virus antigen in mouse brain
Authors: Al-Sultan Imad Ibrahim , Shalsh Fawzia J. , Al-Taee Eman H. , Aziz Abdulrahman
Published: February 2022

Direct Fluorescent Antibody (DFA) Test for detection of rabies antigen was carried out with attempts in manipulating the standard protocols based on The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). This study was aimed to achieve improvements of a more rapid detection by conducting modification that could help in reducing the time consume, and costs for obtaining results. The main purpose of this study is to modify the routine protocols for rapid viral detection of rabies virus in tissue. The manipulation that had been practiced was mainly on the fixation procedure with high grade cold acetone, temperature and time of incubation. The working dilution of the fluorescein is thiocyanate (FITC) was (10-1, 10-2, 10-3). Experimental trial on brain samples from 10 rats were obtained and spiked with highest concentration of rabies vaccine for the study. The staining intensity result was analyzed and calculated using T-test. The results indicate a variety of intensity for staining and grading of the fluorescent based of the manipulated protocol conducted.
Histopathological Effect of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in some Internal Organ Tissues of the Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L. 1758) in Tigris River- Baghdad City
Authors: Mansoor Nahla , Falih Inam , Jalil Mustafa
Published: February 2022

During the period of one year 2012, a total of 150 fish samples were collected and examined from Tigris River in Al-Zaafaraniya Region before Diayla River in order to know the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons in some internal organ tissues of the examined fish. These fish belonged to (16) species, it all comes back to the cyprinidae. The histopathological examination included 55 samples from Common carp, the samplings of internal organs like (brain, intestine and ovary) from C. carpio were taken in order to examine histopathological changes and that appear there were many histopathological changes in the examine organs included neuronal shrinkage of neurons with chromatolysis of other, severe congestion and edema in cerebral tissues and severe mineralization in cerebral blood vessel walls. Also, severe destruction of epithelium muscular of intestinal villi, severe necrosis with congestion and mononuclear cells infiltration in submucosa layer and goblet cells hyperplasia. In ovaries, severe necrotic and degenerative changes, congestion between follicles. Some ovarian follicles showed thickness became abnormality irregular in shape and congestion in secondary follicles. The sampling of water from Tigris river in Al-Zaafaraniya region were analyzed and appear that the pollution 0.0674 mg/L.
Benedikt Carpzov két műve a debreceni levéltárban
Authors: Biczó András
Published: February 2022

Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy kultúrtörténeti adalékkal gazdagítson egy a 18. századi magyar büntetőjogtörténet szempontjából fontos kutatási témát. Benedikt Carpzov a 17. századi neves szász jogtudós magyar büntetőjogra gyakorolt hatásának mélyebb feltárása az egyes magyar bírói fórumok esetjogában a 18. századi magyar büntető jogtörténeti kutatások egyik érdekes irányaként határozható meg. Az eddig vizsgált büntetőperanyag alapján Carpzov műveit Debrecen szabad királyi városban is alkalmazták és két munkája fenn is maradt a Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Hajdú-Bihar Megyei Levéltárában. Jelen kutatás erre a két kötetre (közülük is elsősorban a büntetőjogtörténet szempontjából jelentősebbre) fókuszál és próbál meg minél több részletet feltárni különösen azzal kapcsolatban, hogy mikor kerülhettek a kötetek Debrecenbe. A művek vizsgálata, a debreceni büntetőperanyag elemzésén túl, azért lehet hasznos a „carpzovi hatás” kutatása szempontjából, mert a kötetekben található bejegyzések, aláhúzások és más szövegkiemelések vizsgálata segítheti annak megértését, hogy hogyan értelmezték a debreceni jogalkalmazók Carpzov műveit. Jelen írás bevezető tanulmányként a Carpzov-kötetekben található bejegyzések mélyebb vizsgálatát kívánja megalapozni és előkészíteni.
kamat szerepe a polgári eljárásokban
Authors: Kiss Tibor
Published: February 2022

A tanulmány a kamattal kapcsolatos különböző igények polgári perben való érvényesítését, azok speciális perjogi szabályait tekinti át, hangsúlyozva, hogy a pénzkövetelések érvényesítéséhez képest eljárásjogi szempontból kevés egyedi normával találkozhatunk az eljárási kódexben. Összeveti ugyanakkor az írás az 1952. évi III. törvény és az új Pp., a 2016. évi CXXX. törvény kamattal kapcsolatos rendelkezéseit és igyekszik adekvát válaszokat adni a szabályozási hiátusból eredő jogalkalmazási kérdésekre. A cikk megállapítása szerint a perjog általában a főköveteléssel együtt érvényesített járulékokra vonatkozóan egységesen fogalmaz meg néhány egyedi eljárásjogi rendelkezést, melyek a főkövetelés járulékaként a kamatra is irányadóak, elenyésző a tisztán kamatspecifikus rendelkezések száma hatályos perjogunkban. Kitér az elemzés a pertárgy érték meghatározása, a kereseti kérelemhez kötöttség, az elsőfokú ítélet kamatra vonatkozó rendelkezései elleni fellebbezés, a kamatot érintő keresetfelemelés másodfokon való megengedhetősége és a jogerős ítéletnek kizárólag a kamatot érintő rendelkezései elleni felülvizsgálati kérelem megengedhetősége kapcsán a kamatot érintő egyedi törvényi rendelkezésekre és eseti bírósági döntések elemzése útján értékeli a judikatúra irányait. Megállapítja a szerző, hogy az egységes és koherens ítélkezési gyakorlat az egyértelmű törvényi rendelkezésekre alapítottan megfelelően szolgálja az igényérvényesítő felek érdekeit.
érzelmek felfedezése
Authors: Kovács Zsófia Dóra
Published: February 2022

Az „ideális bíró” nem ismeri az érzelmeket. A bírói székben ülve minden érzelmet kizárva objektíven és racionálisan hozza meg döntéseit. A jogelméleti gondolkodásban egészen az elmúlt pár évtizedig ez az egyelten lehetséges bírói ideál élt és tagadhatatlanul nagyon erősen van jelen mind a mai napig. Azonban az 1960-as évektől kezdődően az angolszász jogi kultúrában, elsősorban az Amerikai Egyesült Államokban, szemléletváltás indult el. Gyors fejlődésnek indultak a jogot interdiszciplináris igénnyel vizsgáló irányzatok. Önálló irányzattá vált a jogelméleti gondolkodáson belül a Critical Legal Studies mozgalom. Emellett óriási előrelépés történt az érzelmek tudományos vizsgálata terén is, ahol mind a pszichológia, mind az idegrendszert vizsgáló neurotudományok komoly eredményeket értek el. Mindezen tényezők együttesen alapozták meg a jog és érzelem mozgalom (Law and Emotion Scholarship) megjelenését. A mozgalom egy kialakulóban lévő interdiszciplináris terület, amely a jog, pszichológia, irodalom, közgazdaságtan és filozófia területéről egyesíti azokat a tudósokat, akik határozott érdeklődéssel fordulnak a jog jelenségei és az érzelmek kölcsönhatásának vizsgálata felé. Kutatásomban elsősorban a mozgalom bírói ítélkezéssel kapcsolatos megállapításaira koncentrálok, vizsgálva azt, hogy hogyan kaphatnak szerepet az érzelmek a bírói döntéshozatalban. Hiszen a jog és érzelem mozgalom képviselői – a hús-vér bírák valóságát figyelembe véve – megkérdőjelezik annak gondolatát, hogy létezhet érzelemmentes bíráskodás.
GANGGUAN KESEHATAN PADA ANAK USIA DINI AKIBAT KEKURANGAN GIZI DAN UPAYA PENCEGAHANNYA
Authors: Ufiyah Ramlah
Published: February 2022

Kesehatan adalah hal terpenting dan sangat berharga bagi masyarakat pada umumnya untuk mewujudkan kondisi ini, diperlukan asupan gizi yang cukup. Gizi merupakan zat makanan yang apabila dikonsumsi seseorang maka bisa mendatangkan kesehatan.Jadi kesehatan dan gizi sangat berhubungan. Menyiapkan asupan gizi untuk anak usia dini merupakan hal yang penting untuk diperhatikan oleh orangtua. Karena asupan gizi yang diterima anak usia dini akan mempengaruhi proses tumbuh kembang mereka diusia dewasa kelak.Gizi pada anak  tidak dapat dipisahkan dan erat kaitannya dengan kesehatan dan kecerdasan anak. Selain itu, melalui gizi yang diterima anak akan menjadi faktor pendukung dari pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kesadaran pendidik maupun orang tua  tentang pentingnya kecukupan asupan gizi untuk Anak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini kajian pustaka hasil dan pembahasan penelitian yang searah dengan program yang akan diterapkan. Melalui penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan pemahaman kepada pendidik ataupun orang tua yang ada di rumah, sebagai bentuk kesadaran pengawasan akan asupan dan kecukupan gizi anak yang juga sebagai salah satu faktor penting pendukung dari pertumbuhan dan perkembangnnya. factor penyebab kurang gizi; 1). Penyebab langsung, Makanan anak dan penyakit infeksi yang mungkin diderita anak. 2). Penyebab tidak langsung, Ketahanan pangan di keluarga, pola pengasuhan anak, serta kesehatan dan kesehatan lingkungan. Upaya pencegahan dini pada anak yang mengalami gizi buruk; dengan prinsip-prinsip sebagai berikut: 1).Upaya perbaikan status gizi ibu sejak masa remaja, 2). Pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi balita yang dimulai dari ejak lahir dengan “standar emas makanan bayi”: 3). Penapisan massal untuk menemukan hambatan pertumbuhan dan gizi kurang pada anak usia dini. 4). Perhatian khusus diberikan kepada bayi dan balita dengan factor resiko mengalami kekurangan gizi. 5). Dukungan program terkait. 6). Dukungan lintas sector. 7). Perhatian khusus diberikan kepada balita yang rentan memiliki gizi buruk.
PENYERDEHANAAN SURAT SUARA PEMILU DALAM PERSPEKTIF SISTEM PEMILU DAN PEMERINTAHAN PRESIDENSIAL
Authors: Raden Sahran , Ria Zumria
Published: February 2022

This paper aims to analyze the ideas and policy proposals for simplification of ballot papers implemented in the 2024 simultaneous elections. This simplification of ballots is carried out in an effort to make it easier for voters to vote on voting day in the simultaneous elections, especially in getting to know election participants and their candidates in the right way and legitimate. In addition, simplification of ballot papers makes it easier for election organizers in the process of vote counting accuracy. The design of the electoral ballot must always be relevant to the electoral system and the context of a country's system of government. How is the design of election ballots in the context of the electoral system and the presidential government system adopted in Indonesia.

Abstrak

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis gagasan dan usulan kebijakan penyederhaan surat suara yang dilaksanakan dalam pemilu serentak 2024. Penyederhanaan surat suara ini dilakukan dalam upaya untuk memudahkan pemilih dalam memilih saat hari pemungutan suara pada pemilu serentak terutama dalam mengenal peserta pemilu dan kandidatnya dengan cara yang benar dan sah. Selain itu penyederhaan surat suara memberikan kemudahan bagi penyelenggara pemilu dalam proses akurasi penghitungan suara. Desain surat suara pemilu harus selalu relevan dengan sistem pemilu dan konteks sistem pemerintahan suatu negara. Bagaimana desain surat suara pemilu dalam konteks sistem pemilu dan sistem pemerintahan Presidensial yang dianut di Indonesia.
Integration of Seismic Lithology Cube into Petroleum System Modelling: A Case Study from S-Field, Malaysia
Authors: Lew Chean Lin , Kevin Teng Ging Ern , Ismail Hasnol Hady , Abd Kadir Zailani , Peter Abolins
Published: February 2022

Lithology is an important input parameter into petroleum system modelling (PSM) as it carries information about thermal conductivity and reservoir quality. It can be obtained from the geological static model, gross depositional environment (GDE) maps, or seismic data. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the influence of lithology input on the PSM simulated models (pressure and temperature), by comparing the lithology input derived from seismic data against the one inferred from GDE maps, using S-field as case study.

The derivation of lithology information (Vshale) from seismic data is attempted using extended elastic impedance (EEI) inversion followed by normalization. We performed conversion of Vshale cube into the depth domain, then upscaling prior to utilization as input in PSM for the model simulation and calibration. The results of pressure and temperature models achieved using the lithology input from the GDE maps (homogeneous lithology assumption) served as the reference. These results are compared to the simulated pressure and temperature models obtained using Vshale cube as the lithology input parameters.

3 wells (SD-2, SD-1, S-5) available in S-field (located in Malay Basin) for the study. SD-2 is the calibration whereas SD-1 and S-5 are the blind tests for pressure and temperature models. The pressure model obtained using the seismic lithology cube shows better matching with the measured pore pressure data points when comparing to the pressure model achieved from the reference input. By quantifying the average error between the pressure model and the actual pressure data, the former lithology input contributes to lower pressure error of 161psi in contrast to 232psi using the later lithology input. The results from the blind tests show consistent findings with SD-2 where the lithology input from Vshale cube indicates better agreement with the measured pressure data as compared to the one obtained from GDE maps. The average pressure error has decreased from 220psi to 140psi and from 465psi to 296psi for SD-1 and S-5 respectively. From the temperature model perspective, subtle differences observed for the models for both types of lithology inputs. Both types of lithology inputs able to match well with the recoded temperature data points. In summary, integrating seismic lithology cube into PSM able to provide improved prediction due to detailed characterization of lithology distribution.

The paper has illustrated an attempt to leverage on seismic data for the derivation of lithology (Vshale) cube and using it as a lithology input for petroleum system modelling. The Vshale cube provides detailed and improve characterization of lithology distribution, which will influence the output of the simulated models from PSM as shown through the pressure and temperature models. This could be helpful information for well planning and drilling.
Improving Machine Learning Approaches to Seismic Fault Imaging Through Training Augmentation
Authors: Norlund Philip , Jiang Fan
Published: February 2022

Fault interpretation is critical for understanding subsurface challenges such as fluid migration and avoiding drilling hazards. Recently, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have been shown to be effective tools for identifying faults in seismic data by utilizing image segmentation. However, selecting the optimal training data for building a model can be challenging. Fault shapes and relationships are highly variable due to the complexity of the regional geodynamic processes happening within the earth over time. How to properly select a training subset from a real (i.e., non-synthetic) data-set is crucial for the success of machine learning for seismic interpretation. In this paper, we attempt to quantify how models can be improved by augmenting the training data in various ways. These augmentations include varying the amount of real and synthetic data and including combinations of seismic attributes.
Advanced Coating to Mitigate PDC Cutter Thermal Degradation in PDC Bit Manufacturing
Authors: Xu Jianhui , Zhan Guodong David , Moellendick Timothy E. , Jiang Wenhui
Published: February 2022

Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) cutters on PDC drill bits are the primary cutting elements to shear and scrape the formations during drilling process. In the PDC drill bit manufacturing, PDC cutters are attached onto drill bit with silver-copper-zinc alloys by brazing process. PDC cutters face the challenge of thermal degradation during this brazing process. This paper studies the development of an advanced coating on PDC cutter to mitigate its thermal degradation in the brazing process. The advanced coating is applied by physical vapor deposition process on PDC cutter. The coated cutter surface is checked by scanning electron microscope (SEM) for the coating integrity. Both the coated and uncoated cutters are brazed and debrazed to mimic the heating cycle of drill bit manufacturing. They are then tested in a vertical turret lathe to shear a rotating granite rock. The volume losses from the wear scars of the cutters after specific passes are compared among those the coated and uncoated PDC cutters. The SEM results show that coating is in good integrity on the PDC cutter surfaces. The coating is continuous, dense without porosity or microcrack. No obvious oxidation is observed after a high-temperature heat treatment at 740 °C, which was used to mimic the overheating brazing process, which is commonly encountered during bit manufacturing. Then, the vertical turret lathe test results show that the coating on the PDC cutters improves the wear resistance by 50% when compared with that of uncoated cutters, after the brazing and de-brazing simulation. This work presents a solution to the thermal degradation of the PDC cutters after brazing process by using an advanced coating process. With the improved wear resistance due to the coating protection, the life of drill bit and its rate of penetration (ROP) during the drilling process can be significantly improved. It is expected to save a lot of drilling time and cost for the drilling operation in the E&P sector.
Joint History Matching of Production and Tracer Data Through an Iterative Ensemble Smoother: A 3D Field-Scale Case Study
Authors: Chalub Cruz William , Luo Xiaodong , Rachares Petvipusit Kurt
Published: February 2022

Reservoir models are often subject to uncertainties, which, if not properly taken into account, may introduce biases to the subsequent reservoir management process. To improve reliability and reduce uncertainties, it is crucial to condition reservoir models on available field datasets through history matching. There are different types of field data. Among others, production data are the most common choice, but they are subject to a major limitation of carrying relatively low value of information. On the other hand, inter-well tracer data have been shown to provide additional information about well-to-well connectivity and reservoir dynamics. However, jointly history matching production and inter-well tracer data still remains challenging due to the lack of a coherent quantitative workflow to fully integrate them. This work can be considered a step towards tackling this noticed problem. To this end, we propose a non-intrusive and derivative-free ensemble history matching workflow, in which reservoir models are more coherently conditioned on both production and inter-well tracer data with the help of a recently developed technique (adaptive localization). The workflow is successfully implemented in the Brugge benchmark case. Our study indicates that the history matching algorithm matches the production data well, regardless of the presence or absence of the tracer data. Nevertheless, by including tracer data as an additional source of information, we are able to improve the quality of the estimated reservoir models, in terms of both improved data match and reduced model discrepancies. Furthermore, we show that the proposed workflow is robust and provides a reasonably good way of uncertainty quantification. In summary, with the help of the adaptive localization scheme, we are able to address the issues of proper uncertainty quantification, and more coherent utilization of different types of field datasets.
1-Click Automatic Well Design Using Integrated Cloud Software
Authors: Hassan Mohamed Ali , Strand Jim , Strømhaug Andreas , Erichsen Lene Lykke
Published: February 2022

Well Construction Automation is gradually becoming more prominent in oil & gas industry. It encompasses the application of digital technology in all aspects of well drilling and completion (i.e., automatic well design, digi-talization of downhole tools & surface equipment, remote monitoring, real time data transmission, and robotic rig systems). This paper presents a new workflow of Automatic Well Design, at a mere click of a computer mouse, using integrated cloud software.

A software tool, named WellDesign, is used to demonstrate Automatic Well Design workflow. It utilizes net-works and cloud computers for data storage and collaboration and offers a set of Application Programming In-terfaces (APIs), enabling full automation, where whole or parts of the software can be operated by other com-puters. The software GUI can be accessed via any modern web browser across all kinds of computers (Win-dows, Macs) and any other smart devices (tablets, phones).

Two automatic design workflows shall be illustrated in detail:

Automatic Well Trajectories Automatic Casing Design
Similarity Learning for Well Logs Prediction Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Rogulina Alina , Zaytsev Alexey , Ismailova Leyla , Kovalev Dmitry , Katterbauer Klemens , Marsala Alberto
Published: February 2022

Determining and predicting reservoir formation properties for newly drilled wells represents a significant challenge for oil and gas companies. Extensive well logs are available only while or after drilling, and thus they bear substantial financial, technical, and operational risks. We propose a new machine learning data-based model for determining well properties similarity and further derive and predict well logs before drilling in a specific geological context.

Our model starts with selecting crucial well intervals and aggregation of vital features that determine the petrophysical properties related to particular well layers. Then, a machine-learning algorithm uses this info as input to provide a similarity score between wells. Our fast-to-train nonlinear data-based model is a variant of gradient boosting. We show that this approach can work well in complex scenarios with missing data and inconsistent similarity measures.

We compare the modern machine learning algorithms for the evaluation of well similarity models based on aggregated features. The algorithms include gradient boosting and baseline logistic regression models. Our assessment for a real well log dataset via group cross-validation demonstrates that the gradient boosting model pretty accurately identifies well similarity. The receiver operating characteristic quality metric (ROC AUC) is 0.824.

The developed similarity learning framework provides a data-driven approach towards estimating well logs for planned and newly drilled wells. Therefore, it allows prediction, improves determination, and can drive an optimal selection of log measurements to be executed in a new well in a specific field / geological context.
Comprehensive Study of Offshore Gulf of Mexico Shale when Exposed to Several Reservoir and Completion Fluids
Authors: Pietrangeli Gianna , Alvarez Daniel , Ceballos Alice , Quissak Felipe , Hayden Laurie
Published: February 2022

Ensuring shale stability while drilling the reservoir and completing a well is critical to guarantee well integrity and to enable the reservoir to product at its maximum potential.

Drill-in fluid type, completion brine, and shale inhibitors play an important role in maintaining well integrity and preventing formation damage as they have different effects on shale.

Reactivity of shale samples from offshore Gulf of Mexico was studied using several reservoir and completion fluids. The shale was first characterized using X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and X-Ray fluorescence (XRF). Then, the effect of fluids on shale was determined by performing several tests including linear swell meter (LSM), capillary suction time, and cuttings dispersion. Water-based (WB) and oil-based (OB) drill-in fluids, synthetic formation water, and completion brines with and without shale inhibitor were used to study the shale reactivity.

XRD and XRF test showed presence of 5wt% illite and 6wt% kaolinite in the shale sample. Performance tests conducted on the shale samples showed a similar trend of high reactivity with improvements when inhibitor is added. Some brines showed poor synergistic effects when inhibitors were present in the fluid formulation. The type of drill-in fluid has a large impact on the LSM test results. Type of brine in the WB drill-in fluid also showed a major influence on the shale behavior.

Oil-based drill-in fluids are commonly used to drill sections with very reactive shales. Nevertheless, water-based fluids are sometimes required due to performance preferences, environmental concerns, economic and logistic reasons, and/or synergistic effects with logging tools. Filtrate invasion and drill-in fluid/completion brine losses could cause detrimental effects in the reservoir if the fluids have not been designed to inhibit the shale hydration and swelling or fines migration. Therefore, improving the clay inhibition and shale stability while using water-based fluids is fundamental when drilling through reactive shale sections. Performing a comprehensive test matrix to determine the feasibility of using water-based fluids is imperative.

Achieving excellent inhibition for a very reactive GOM formation shale while maintaining performance is possible when a precise and well-engineered combination of brine/shale inhibitor in the drill-in and completion fluids are found.