bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The great masquerader of pancreatic tuberculosis
Authors: Chan Kheng Hooi , Sellappan Harivinthan , Maiyauen Thanesh Kumar , Azman Azlanudin , Hayati Firdaus
Published: July 2022

Background

Pancreatic tuberculosis is a rare clinical entity. It represents a diagnostic challenge as the clinical presentation may mimic pancreatic malignancy.

Case presentation

A 66-year-old gentleman presented with an incidental finding of a pancreatic tail mass on routine ultrasonography of the abdomen whilst working up on chronic kidney disease. He denied abdominal pain, fever, night sweats, constitutional symptoms or tuberculosis contact. On examination, there was no palpable mass per abdomen. The tumour marker of Ca 19-9 was normal. Ultrasonography revealed a lobulated heterogeneous hypovascular and hypoechoic mass at the tail of the pancreas. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the thorax and abdomen revealed a thickened right pleura, right pleural effusion with right lung collapsed consolidation and multiple mediastinal lymph nodes. There is an ill-defined hypodense mass seen in the tail and body of the pancreas measuring 3 × 7 × 3 cm with the presences of calcification within. The constellation of CT findings suggests a pancreatic malignancy with metastasis to the lungs. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) assessment showed an irregular hypoechoic mass measuring 3.0 × 2.7 cm at the tail of the pancreas. Multiple rounded hypoechoic lesions were also seen scattered within the body of the pancreas with multiple enlarged para-aortic lymph nodes. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the lesion was consistent with granulomatous inflammation. The diagnosis of disseminated tuberculosis was made. The patient was subsequently started on antitubercular medication and recovered well.

Conclusion

A high index of suspicion is needed to diagnose pancreatic tuberculosis, especially in patients whose radiological imaging shows a pancreatic mass with necrotic peripancreatic lymphadenopathy in endemic countries. EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration is the diagnostic modality of choice, and vigorous attempts should be made at obtaining a preoperative histological or bacteriological diagnosis to avoid unnecessary surgery.
Comparison between diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance and positron-emission tomography in the evaluation of treated lymphomas with mediastinal involvement
Authors: Di Giuliano Francesca , Picchi Eliseo , Pucci Noemi , Minosse Silvia , Ferrazzoli Valentina , Pizzicannella Giulia , Angeloni Cecilia , Nasso Daniela , Chiaravalloti Agostino , Garaci Francesco , Floris Roberto
Published: July 2022

Background

The persistence of residual tissue after treatment is frequent in patients with mediastinal lymphomas and it is often characterized by 18F-Flurodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (18F-FDG PET) uptake. This study aims to investigate the usefulness of diffusion-weighted whole-body imaging with background body signal suppression (DWIBS) sequence in residual tissues of treated mediastinal lymphomas and to compare it with 18F-FDG PET-CT.

Results

We included 21 patients with mediastinal Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas who showed residual masses on PET-CT imaging at end of treatment and underwent DWIBS-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). SUVmax and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) values of residual masses were assessed quantitatively, including measurement of mean ADC. 15 patients showed radiotracer uptake at 18F-FDG PET-CT, among them only 3 had positive DWIBS-MRI with low ADC values (median value: 0.90 mm2/s). The mediastinal biopsy in these 3 “double positive” patients confirmed pathological residual tissue. All the patients with positive 18F-FDG PET-CT but negative DWIBS-MRI (n = 18) with high ADC values (median value: 2.05 mm2/s) were confirmed negative by biopsy.

Conclusions

DWIBS-MRI examination combined with ADC measurement allowed to discriminate pathological and non-pathological residual tissue in patients with treated mediastinal lymphoma. These preliminary results seem to pave the way for a leading role of the MRI which could be a useful alternative to the 18F-FDG PET/CT.
Deep learning-enabled compact optical trigonometric operator with metasurface
Authors: Zhao Zihan , Wang Yue , Guan Chunsheng , Zhang Kuang , Wu Qun , Li Haoyu , Liu Jian , Burokur Shah Nawaz , Ding Xumin
Published: July 2022

In this paper, a novel strategy based on a metasurface composed of simple and compact unit cells to achieve ultra-high-speed trigonometric operations under specific input values is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated. An electromagnetic wave (EM)-based optical diffractive neural network with only one hidden layer is physically built to perform four trigonometric operations (sine, cosine, tangent, and cotangent functions). Under the unique composite input mode strategy, the designed optical trigonometric operator responds to incident light source modes that represent different trigonometric operations and input values (within one period), and generates correct and clear calculated results in the output layer. Such a wave-based operation is implemented with specific input values, and the proposed concept work may offer breakthrough inspiration to achieve integrable optical computing devices and photonic signal processors with ultra-fast running speeds.
Germline De Novo Mutations as a Cause of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Rashed Wafaa M. , Marcotte Erin L. , Spector Logan G.
Published: July 2022

Germline de novo mutations (DNMs) represent one of the important topics that need extensive attention from epidemiologists, geneticists, and other relevant stakeholders. Advances in next-generation sequencing technologies allowed examination of parent-offspring trios to ascertain the frequency of germline DNMs. Many epidemiological risk factors for childhood cancer are indicative of DNMs as a mechanism. The aim of this review was to give an overview of germline DNMs, their causes in general, and to discuss their relation to childhood cancer risk. In addition, we highlighted existing gaps in knowledge in many topics of germline DNMs in childhood cancer that need exploration and collaborative efforts.
Time delay statistics for finite number of channels in all symmetry classes
Authors: Novaes Marcel
Published: July 2022

Within a random matrix theory approach, we obtain spectral statistics of the Wigner time delay matrix Q, for arbitrary channels number M and for all symmetry classes, in fact for the general Dyson parameter β. We also put forth two conjectures: one is related to the large-M expansion of joint cumulants of traces of powers of Q, which generalizes and implies a previous conjecture of Cunden, Mezzadri, Vivo and Simm; the other concerns the tail of the distribution of traces of powers of Q.
Increased parasite load is associated with reduced metabolic rates and escape responsiveness in pumpkinseed sunfish
Authors: Guitard Joëlle J. , Chrétien Emmanuelle , De Bonville Jérémy , Roche Dominique G. , Boisclair Daniel , Binning Sandra A.
Published: July 2022

Wild animals have parasites that can compromise their physiological and/or behavioural performance. Yet, the extent to which parasite load is related to intraspecific variation in performance traits within wild populations remains relatively unexplored. We used pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus) and their endoparasites as a model system to explore the effects of infection load on host aerobic metabolism and escape performance. Metabolic traits (standard and maximum metabolic rates, aerobic scope) and fast-start escape responses following a simulated aerial attack by a predator (responsiveness, response latency and escape distance) were measured in fish from across a gradient of visible (i.e. trematodes causing black spot disease counted on fish surfaces) and non-visible (i.e. cestodes in fish abdominal cavity counted post-mortem) endoparasite infection. We found that a higher infection load of non-visible endoparasites was related to lower standard and maximum metabolic rates, but not aerobic scope in fish. Non-visible endoparasite infection load was also related to decreased responsiveness of the host to a simulated aerial attack. Visible endoparasites were not related to changes in metabolic traits or fast-start escape responses. Our results suggest that infection with parasites that are inconspicuous to researchers can result in intraspecific variation in physiological and behavioural performance in wild populations, highlighting the need to more explicitly acknowledge and account for the role played by natural infections in studies of wild animal performance.
Synthesis of Hexa-Aminated Trinaphtho[3.3.3]propellane and Its Porous Polymer Solids with Alkane Adsorption Properties
Authors: Kato Kenichi , Seto Nobuyoshi , Chida Koki , Yoshii Takeharu , Mizuno Motohiro , Nishihara Hirotomo , Ohtani Shunsuke , Ogoshi Tomoki
Published: July 2022

Rigid three-dimensional π-skeletons are useful building blocks for organic porous materials but only a few types of compounds are available as compared with a variety of planar building blocks. Herein, we report that hexa-aminated trinaphtho[3.3.3]propellane was readily prepared by a two-step reaction sequence from a non-functionalized propellane in moderate yield and was active toward condensation with boronic acids and aldehydes. Solvothermal condensation with terephthalaldehyde gave an amorphous polymeric solid with moderate BET surface area, different from precursor molecules. The solid displayed good adsorption capacities for hydrocarbon gases and vapors. Because of multiple CH/π interactions, the adsorption was efficient even at low-pressure for n-butane and larger alkanes, providing good selectivity over smaller alkanes.
Risk of developing gallbladder cancer in patients with gallbladder polyps detected on transabdominal ultrasound: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Foley Kieran G , Riddell Zena , Coles Bernadette , Roberts S Ashley , Willis Brian H
Published: July 2022

Objective:

To estimate the risk of malignancy in gallbladder polyps of incremental sizes detected during transabdominal ultrasound (TAUS).

Methods:

We searched databases including MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library for eligible studies recording the polyp size from which gallbladder malignancy developed, confirmed following cholecystectomy, or by subsequent follow-up. Primary outcome was the risk of gallbladder cancer in patients with polyps. Secondary outcome was the effect of polyp size as a prognostic factor for cancer. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality in Prognostic Factor Studies (QUIPS) tool. Bayesian meta-analysis estimated the median cancer risk according to polyp size. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020223629).

Results:

82 studies published since 1990 reported primary data for 67,837 patients. 67,774 gallbladder polyps and 889 cancers were reported. The cumulative median cancer risk of a polyp measuring 10 mm or less was 0.60% (99% credible range 0.30–1.16%). Substantial heterogeneity existed between studies (I2= 99.95%, 95% credible interval 99.86–99.98%). Risk of bias was generally high and overall confidence in evidence was low. 13 studies (15.6%) were graded with very low certainty, 56 studies (68.3%) with low certainty, and 13 studies (15.6%) with moderate certainty. In studies considered moderate quality, TAUS monitoring detected 4.6 cancers per 10,000 patients with polyps less than 10 mm.

Conclusion:

Malignant risk in gallbladder polyps is low, particularly in polyps less than 10 mm, however the data are heterogenous and generally low quality. International guidelines, which have not previously modelled size data, should be informed by these findings.

Advances in knowledge

This large systematic review and meta-analysis has shown that the mean cumulative risk of small gallbladder polyps is low, but heterogeneity and missing data in larger polyp sizes (>10 mm) means the risk is uncertain and may be higher than estimated. Studies considered to have better methodological quality suggest that previous estimates of risk are likely to be inflated.
Components of Didactic Complexity of Mathematical Problem and Their Evaluation
Authors: Mayer Robert
Published: July 2022

The problem of estimating the didactic complexity of a mathematical task, which together with the solution is a multidimensional object characterized by a set of applied methods, is studied. The formation degree of the student's mathematical thinking is also determined by the set of mathematical methods he/she has mastered.

Therefore, it is logical to consider the complexity of using certain methods of solution as the didactic complexity components of a particular task. It has been established that: 1) each mathematical problem can be characterized by a one-dimensional matrix, the components of which are proportional to the complexity of applying the corresponding method to solve it; 2) as the main methods for solving a mathematical problem, we can choose: methods of reading text, arithmetic calculations, algebraic transformations, method of the geometric constructions and operations with vectors use, combinatorial method, the trigonometric method, the method of logarithms and exponential functions, the differentiation and integration method, the operator method; 3) the complexity of applying a particular method in solving given task can be determined using a special computer program by counting the number of corresponding marker-terms and taking into account their complexity. The article evaluates the various components of the didactic complexity of 9 mathematical tasks on various topics and determines their general didactic complexity. It has been established that task 9 for calculating the divergence and rotor of a vector field is about 20 times more difficult than task 1 for solving a first-degree equation with one variable.
The Content of the Experimental Component of Formation International Competence of School Students Learning English
Authors: Nekrasova I.
Published: July 2022

As a result of theoretical information processing, as well as methodological analysis, various approaches and views on forms, types and methods for the formation of intercultural competence of high school students in the process of teaching English were identified. This problem acquires importance and significance, since the role of functions in teaching a foreign language changes due to its forms, types and methods.
The Subjectivity of Students with Disabilities as a Condition for the Activation of Their Professional Training in Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Bonkalo T. , Yulina Galina , Bakulina E. , Mamyshev E.
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the problem of enhancing the professional training of students with disabilities studying in Russian universities. As the main condition for such activation, the authors consider subjectivity as an integrative quality of their personality. The article presents the results of an empirical study, the purpose of which was to identify the features of the formation of subjectivity in students with disabilities. The study involved 65 students studying in an inclusive higher education environment, 30 of which are hearing-impaired students and 35 are students without hearing impairment. As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that the main feature of the formation of subjectivity in hearing-impaired students is a combination of increased responsibility and awareness of their uniqueness with a low ability to accept others, adequately assess their actions and their behavior, which makes it necessary to take this fact into account when developing adaptive educational programs for their professional training at the university.
The Industrial Complex of Moscow As a Potential Consumer of Innovative Products
Authors: Repnikova V. , Bykova O. , Garnov Andrey
Published: July 2022

The enterprises of the industrial complex of Moscow potentially represent one of the most significant segments of the industrial market for innovative products of small enterprises.

From the point of view of priorities in the implementation of support for innovation, this significance is as follows:

• industrial enterprises are able to produce high-quality, highly profitable products with high added value, which ensure expanded reproduction and the formation of the city budget through tax deductions;

• In addition, stable jobs are created for city residents from various social strata.
Overview of Accessible Digital Technologies and Tools for Russian Small and Medium Business
Authors: Garnova V. , Umnova M. , Lyu Yasin'
Published: July 2022

With the advent of the fourth industrial revolution, digital technologies began to change the traditional order of social and economic development that had existed for centuries, and companies began to adopt digital tools and explore the possibilities of digital transformation. At the same time, many researchers and practitioners note that small and medium-sized businesses are digitalizing much more slowly compared to large companies, so the actual practice-oriented task is to study the specific possibilities of using digital tools that are available to small and medium-sized businesses. This article discusses the tools available to SME entities for the main functional areas of technology application: R&D, supply chain management, production, warehousing and logistics, marketing and after-sales service, general and strategic management.
Digital Solutions to Business Philosophy
Authors: Baurina Svetlana
Published: July 2022

This article focuses on the modern vision of business philosophy. The author of the article correctly substantiated the significance and extreme need to use philosophical knowledge and thinking both during the initiation and implementation of entrepreneurial ideas, and during the practical implementation of entrepreneurial activity and direct business. Modern realities give the businessman the opportunity for independent choice, a professional approach in the conduct of business is important. The philosophical thinking of the entrepreneur, according to the author, is the way to efficient business. Mastering the philosophy of business and the practical use of its provisions will ensure sustainable long-term success in the entrepreneurial environment. The realities of pervasive digitalization can fill with new semantic content modern processes in business with the parallel natural development of morality and culture. The new digital ecosystem is designed to combine the highly intelligent potential of the machine with an unsurpassed human mind in order to introduce technological innovations in business structures at the most positive level.
Utilização alimentícia e medicinal de Pachymerus nucleorum Fabricius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) no Brasil
Authors: Brito Gabriel Vannozzi , Costa-Neto Eraldo Medeiros
Published: July 2022

Após a primeira edição do Congresso Brasileiro de Insetos Alimentícios e Tecnologias Associadas e II Simpósio Brasileiro de Antropoentomofagia (INSETEC), percebeu-se a necessidade de enaltecer os insetos comestíveis do Brasil. Desta forma, fez-se  um levantamento bibliográfico sobre o uso alimentar e medicinal da larva de Pachymerus nucleorum Fabricius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), cujo objetivo principal foi registrar as informações  etnoentomológicas acerca da espécie em todo o país. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de revisão bibliográfica, além de análise de redes sociais e de vídeos disponíveis na plataforma YouTube. Como resultado, foi possível documentar os saberes locais e os nomes populares associados à espécie, particularmente às larvas, nas diferentes regiões do país. Encontrou-se relatos da utilização deste coleóptero em 14 Unidades Federativas, acompanhados de mais de 20 variantes lexicais utilizadas para denominar a larva de P. nucleorum. Foi possível perceber uma larga distribuição territorial deste inseto pelo Brasil, no entanto percebeu-se certa escassez de dados etnoentomológicos quando analisadas as regiões Sudeste e Sul. A partir dos resultados encontrados, o uso deste inseto como recurso alimentar ou na medicina tradicional permite com que sua imagem como inseto-praga seja repensada.
Professional burnout of doctors in Poland and in the world. Research review
Authors: Zwolak Agnieszka , Kruk Edyta , Brodowicz-Król Magdalena
Published: July 2022

The work of a doctor is one of the most demanding. It requires not only a great deal of knowledge, but also a lot of commitment, responsibility and often devoting one's private life. It is called a prestigious job for a reason. Unfortunately, it is also very absorbing both mentally and physically. Increasing stress leads to emotional exhaustion, and its consequence may be burnout.
Szacunek i wsparcie: Kanadyjski system opieki nad weteranami
Authors: Paluszkiewicz-Misiaczek Magdalena
Published: July 2022

Truizmem jest stwierdzenie, że udział w walce zbrojnej jest jednym z najbar­dziej traumatycznych doświadczeń, jakie stać się mogą udziałem człowieka. Znacznie rzadziej spotkać jednak można konstatację, że żadna wojna nie kończy się w momencie przerwania działań orężnych, czy też podpisania for­malnych dokumentów wygaszających konfrontację zbrojną. Bez popełnienia błędu założyć można, że w ludzkich umysłach toczy się ona tak długo, jak długo przy życiu pozostaje ostatni z jej uczestników. Zdemobilizowani kom­batanci dźwigają więc cały szereg ciężarów, od ekonomicznych poczynając, a na psychologicznych i egzystencjalnych kończąc. Część z nich nie jest w stanie podołać im bez wsparcia, którego zgodnie z normami prawnymi oraz etycznymi zobowiązany jest dostarczyć im gestor zorganizowanej pomocy, czyli państwo. Oczywiście skala i zakres owej pomocy są nader zróżnicowane, co zjednej strony wynika z ilości możliwych do przeznaczenia na ten cel środków budżetowych, ale nader często również ze splotu rozlicz­nych czynników, materialnych i niematerialnych, które zbiorczo określić można jako „kultura władzy". W czasie gdy z zagadnieniem wsparcia dla we­teranów dwóch wielkich „wypraw ekspedycyjnych" boryka się również Polska, podjęcie tej problematyki w odniesieniu do Kanady, państwa nieaspi­rującego do roli mocarstwa, ale wielokrotnie zaangażowanego w rozmaite konflikty zbrojne, uznać należy za zamierzenie nader zasadne. Rezultaty wy­siłku poznawczego Autorki nie ograniczają się bowiem tylko do warstwy hi­storyczno-deskryptywnej, ale mają bardzo wyraźnie nakreślony wymiar utyli­tarny- stanowić mogą znakomity materiał pomocniczy przy budowie nowo­czesnego, narodowego systemu wsparcia weteranów. Z recenzji prof. dr. hab. Krzysztofa Kubiaka
Active Learning for Contextual Search with Binary Feedback
Authors: Chen Xi , Liu Quanquan , Wang Yining
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we study the learning problem in contextual search, which is motivated by applications such as crowdsourcing and personalized medicine experiments. In particular, for a sequence of arriving context vectors, with each context associated with an underlying value, the decision maker either makes a query at a certain point or skips the context. The decision maker will only observe the binary feedback on the relationship between the query point and the value associated with the context. We study a probably approximately correct learning setting, where the goal is to learn the underlying mean value function in context with a minimum number of queries. To address this challenge, we propose a trisection search approach combined with a margin-based active learning method. We show that the algorithm only needs to make [Formula: see text] queries to achieve an ε-estimation accuracy. This sample complexity significantly reduces the required sample complexity in the passive setting where neither sample skipping nor query selection is allowed, which is at least [Formula: see text].

This paper was accepted by J. George Shanthikumar, data science.

Funding: X. Chen and Q. Liu were supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant IIS-1845444].
Prioritising antibiotic selection in farm animal practice
Authors: Turner Andrea
Published: July 2022

In many countries huge inroads have been made towards more responsible prescribing across all livestock sectors in recent years. The European Medicine Agency's categorisation of antibiotics can now be used by veterinarians as a tool to further focus efforts on reducing — and even ceasing — the use of antibiotics that are important to human health and redoubling efforts towards responsible prescribing across all antibiotic use in food producing species.
Plant poisoning in goats
Authors: Bates Nicola
Published: July 2022

As herbivores goats are at risk of plant poisoning. Poisoning may occur if goats are accidentally fed plant cuttings or through contamination of feed, but as goats are agile and inquisitive they can escape from their enclosure and encounter poisonous plants in gardens or woodland. They may also eat plants they would normally avoid if other forage is unavailable. Poisoning with plants containing grayanotoxins (Pieris and Rhododendron species) or cyanogenic glycosides (e.g cherry laurel, Prunus laurocerasus) is very common in goats. Other plants that have caused poisoning in goats include yew (Taxus species), oak (Quercus species), hemlock (Conium maculatum), leylandii (× Hesperotropsis leylandii), box (Buxus sempervirens) and plants containing cardiac glycosides such as oleander (Nerium oleander) or pyrrolizidine alkaloids such as ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris). Sudden death is frequently the first sign of plant toxicosis in livestock. Management of plant poisoning in goats is supportive including removal from exposure, and providing analgesia, rehydration and potentially a rumenotomy for plant exposure in valuable animals.
Japanese encephalitis virus outbreak in Australian pigs
Authors: Carr John , van Dissel Jonathan , Suter Robert , Eastaugh Mark , Dunlop Hugo , Harrison Tom , Richards Chris
Published: July 2022

An incursion of Japanese encephalitis virus disease has been identified as commencing in north-eastern Australia in April 2021, resulting in prolonged gestation length, mummified and stillborn piglets, often with severe fetal abnormalities and congenital tremors. The disease has been recognised to have occurred on nearly 80 farms over an 18-month period with some seasonal impacts and large mosquito numbers afflicting farms. There have been no obvious clinical problems in piglets, weaners, grow/finishing or adult pigs.

The organism is zoonotic and caused clinical infection in nearly 40 people and sadly resulted in the death of five people. None of the people showing clinical signs had contact with the pig industry. No one involved in the pig industry or students handling potentially infected tissues showed any clinical signs of disease.
Adenoviral associated gizzard erosions: an overview and case example
Authors: Chapman Esme , Hersey William
Published: July 2022

Adenoviruses are of increasing concern in both human and veterinary medicine. The effects of adenoviruses in poultry species have been well documented for many decades. Adenoviral gizzard erosion (AGE) is one such syndrome that affects chickens and is caused by members of group A of the fowl adenoviruses. Development of clinical AGE is poorly understood, but cases of this syndrome can lead to economic losses and welfare concerns in both broiler and layer populations. Clinical signs, gross post-mortem lesions and histological lesions can all be used to help identify cases of AGE in practice. This article will explore AGE in the context of clinical poultry practice, including an overview of the aetiology, transmission, clinical signs, diagnosis and control of AGE.
Effects of Carbonate Hydroxyapatite (CHA) on the Development of Heart and Cranium Cartilage of Zebrafish (Danio rerio Hamilton, 1882) Larvae
Authors:   Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman 55281, Indonesia, Pratama Sandi Fransisco , Retnoaji Bambang ,   Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman 55281, Indonesia, Ana Ika Dewi ,   Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman 55281, Indonesia
Published: July 2022

Abstract One of the most commonly utilized materials for dental implants is carbonate hydroxyapatite (CHA). However, its usage must be free of tissue toxicity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how the use of CHA as a dental implant material affected the development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. CHA treatment was administered to 3–3.5 hours to 72 hours post-fertilization (hpf) embryos. Alterations in embryo and larva shape were all studied to determine toxicity. Several abnormalities that might arise during development were also examined by monitoring morphological alterations in embryos and larvae. Furthermore, heart morphology in larvae aged 72 hpf; heart rate in embryos aged 24, 48, and 72 hpf; and cardiac histology structure in larvae aged 30 dpf were all used to study heart development. Alizarin Red and Alcian Blue (ARAB) staining was employed to determine the anatomy of the cranial cartilage in larvae aged 6 dpf. Data were statistical analysis with SPSS ver. 21 and the significance was determined using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The morphological examination results revealed that the embryo and larvae had no morphological abnormalities. Furthermore, the heart was developing normally, according to examinations of morphology, histology, and heart rate. The cranial cartilage had no flaws, the structure was complete, and the length and angle of the cranial cartilage did not change between the control and CHA treatments. Overall, CHA exposure did not affect the development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, according to the findings. Keywords: CHA, Cranium, Embryo, Heart, Toxicity, Zebrafish
Correlation of 2D Electrical Resistivity and Self-Potential Methods for the Assessment of the Integrity of Goronyo Dam NW Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Applied Geophysics, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria, Augie Abdulrahaman Idris , Saleh Mohammed ,   Department of Physics, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria, Ologe Oluwatoyin ,   Department of Applied Geophysics, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria, Salako Kazeem Adeyinka ,   Departmant of Geophysics, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria, Rafiu Adewuyi Abdulwaheed ,   Departmant of Geophysics, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria, Yahaya Muhammad Naziru ,   Department of Physics with Electronic, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria
Published: July 2022

Abstract In this research, combined 2D electrical resistivity and self-potential (SP) methods were employed to locate anomalous electrical conductivity around the Goronyo dam in order to determine the condition of the embankment of the earth dam. The data were taken with the reference to resistivity and SP values using Wenner configuration. The results obtained from these techniques shows that the area was underlain by four stratigraphic layers, namely; clayey sand, wet sandy clay, laterite and partially weathered basement complex rock as compared with the resistivities of common rocks and borehole lithology of the area. The low SP (< 200 mV)/high resistivity zones in the overburden of profiles P1, P2 and P3 shows the presence of partially weathered basement complex rocks which was probably due to compactness and dryness around the dam. However, the zones of high SP (≥ 200 mV)/low apparent resistivity regions (z1 and z2) of profiles P1 (2 Ωm to 27 Ωm), P2 (3 Ωm to 25 Ωm) and P3 (3 Ωm to 14 Ωm) have revealed the weak zones associated with wet sandy soil. Results obtained from 2D electrical resistivity (z1) technique have correlated well with the results of SP sections (z2). These regions of weak zones occupied the x-distance along the profiles; P1/or S2 (120 m to 200 m and 250 m to 400 m), P2/or S2 (1 m to 156 m and 192 m to 400 m) and P3/or S3 (48 m to 400 m) with their corresponding depth y, ranging from 23 m to 30 m, 26 m to 30 m and 23 m to 30 m. Keywords: 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Self-Potential (SP), Dam, Subsurface, Seepage, Condition
A Comparison of the Three Upwelling Indices in the South Java Sea Shelf
Authors:   National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia, Budiman Asep Sandra ,   Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences IPB University Bogor 16128, Indonesia, Bengen Dietriech Geoffrey ,   Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences IPB University Bogor 16128, Indonesia, Nurjaya I Wayan ,   Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences IPB University Bogor 16128, Indonesia, Arifin Zainal ,   National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia, Ismail Mochamad Furqon Azis ,   National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia
Published: July 2022

Abstract Upwelling plays a crucial role in driving cross-shelf circulation between the continental shelf and boundary currents. It is well known that upwelling results in the exchange of heat, nutrients, fish larvae, and other properties. It controls primary productivity, which promotes higher trophic levels and fisheries. Upwelling can be identified by at least three physical variables: wind, sea surface temperature (SST), and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a). The intensity of upwelling can then be calculated using the Upwelling Index (UI), which is based on these three variables. Wind-based UI (UIET), SST-based UI (UISST), and Chl-a-based UI (UICHL) were calculated using satellite-derived and reanalysis data from 2002 to 2017. Those three UIs were analyzed spatially and temporarily to determine the differences in upwelling strength and duration. The most appropriate UI for explaining the South Java upwelling system in our domain was determined through the correlation analysis. The monthly mean climatology of all UI (UIET, UISST, and UICHL) reveals the seasonal variation, which is high during the southeast (SE) monsoon. The strongest correlation between UISST and Chl-a with the smallest lag times suggested that South Java upwelling in our domain can be identified better using SST-based UI (UISST) than through the Ekman mass transport-based UIET, particularly in the east, relevant to the earlier study. Keywords: Chlorophyll-a, Upwelling Indexes, South Java Upwelling
How frequent is absolute femoral retroversion in symptomatic patients with cam- and pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement?
Authors: Meier Malin K. , Reche Jelena , Schmaranzer Florian , von Tengg-Kobligk Hendrik , Steppacher Simon D. , Tannast Moritz , Novais Eduardo N. , Lerch Till D.
Published: July 2022

Aims

The frequency of severe femoral retroversion is unclear in patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). This study aimed to investigate mean femoral version (FV), the frequency of absolute femoral retroversion, and the combination of decreased FV and acetabular retroversion (AR) in symptomatic patients with FAI subtypes.

Methods

A retrospective institutional review board-approved observational study was performed with 333 symptomatic patients (384 hips) with hip pain due to FAI evaluated for hip preservation surgery. Overall, 142 patients (165 hips) had cam-type FAI, while 118 patients (137 hips) had mixed-type FAI. The allocation to each subgroup was based on reference values calculated on anteroposterior radiographs. CT/MRI-based measurement of FV (Murphy method) and AV were retrospectively compared among five FAI subgroups. Frequency of decreased FV < 10°, severely decreased FV < 5°, and absolute femoral retroversion (FV < 0°) was analyzed.

Results

A significantly (p < 0.001) lower mean FV was found in patients with cam-type FAI (15° (SD 10°)), and in patients with mixed-type FAI (17° (SD 11°)) compared to severe over-coverage (20° (SD 12°). Frequency of decreased FV < 10° was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in patients with cam-type FAI (28%, 46 hips) and in patients with over-coverage (29%, 11 hips) compared to severe over-coverage (12%, 5 hips). Absolute femoral retroversion (FV < 0°) was found in 13% (5 hips) of patients with over-coverage, 6% (10 hips) of patients with cam-type FAI, and 5% (7 hips) of patients with mixed-type FAI. The frequency of decreased FV< 10° combined with acetabular retroversion (AV < 10°) was 6% (8 hips) in patients with mixed-type FAI and 5% (20 hips) in all FAI patients. Of patients with over-coverage, 11% (4 hips) had decreased FV < 10° combined with acetabular retroversion (AV < 10°).

Conclusion

Patients with cam-type FAI had a considerable proportion (28%) of decreased FV < 10° and 6% had absolute femoral retroversion (FV < 0°), even more for patients with pincer-type FAI due to over-coverage (29% and 13%). This could be important for patients evaluated for open hip preservation surgery or hip arthroscopy, and each patient requires careful personalized evaluation. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(7):557–565.
Vision and Radar Steering Reduces Agricultural Sprayer Operator Stress without Compromising Steering Performance
Authors: Burgers Travis A. , Vanderwerff Kelly J.
Published: July 2022

Highlights

Stress was measured in professional sprayer operators who, while working, drove manually and with vision or radar steering.

Vision and radar steering reduced the average operator stress rate by 48% relative to manual steering.

The use of automatic guidance could have a dramatic positive effect on the health of sprayer operators.

Sprayer steering performance was reported for professional operators and both vision and radar guidance for the first time.

Abstract. Self-propelled agricultural sprayer operators work an average of 15 h d-1 in peak season, and steering is the task that causes the operator the most stress because of the large number of stimuli involved. Automatic guidance systems help reduce stress and fatigue for operators by allowing them to focus on tasks other than steering. Physiological signals like skin conductance (electrodermal activity, EDA) change with stress and can be used to identify stressful events. The objective of this study was to determine if using a commercially available vision and radar guidance system (VSN®, Raven Industries) reduces agricultural sprayer operators’ stress compared to when they are steering manually. Four male professional sprayer operators participated in this study. Each operator performed his job duties normally in GPS-guidance-planted fields, at his self-selected speed, except to drive some passes manually and others with VSN in the same field. EDA was measured with an Empatica E4 wristband, and stressful events were quantified. Machine data (e.g., speed, RTK-GPS, and VSN metrics) were collected from each sprayer via CAN logs. The steering type, stress rate (e.g., stressful events min-1), and steering performance (cross-track error standard deviation, XTE SD) were determined for each pass. In total, 51 passes (23 manual, 28 VSN) in six fields were analyzed. Operators using VSN had a significant reduction (48% lower, p < 0.001) in their stress rate compared to when they were steering manually. There was no significant difference in the XTE SD for the steering type. The use of an automatic guidance system such as VSN could have a dramatic positive effect on the health of sprayer operators, especially during the long workdays of the peak spraying season, and could reduce the negative effects that stress and fatigue have on steering performance, mistakes, and accidents. Keywords: Electrodermal activity, Guidance systems, Machine vision, Precision agriculture, Radar, Skin conductance, Vehicle guidance.
From fragmentation to integration: on the role of explicit hypotheses and economic theory in Global Political Economy1
Authors: Kotilainen Konsta , Patomäki Heikki
Published: July 2022

IPE is in need of critical self-reflection. A large proportion of scholars have rejected the Open Economy Politics framework, which has dominated American IPE since the late 1990s. While new, unconventional research, both in the US and especially elsewhere, often tackles crucial questions in imaginative ways, we argue that critical IPE is yet to address fully the two key deficiencies from which it has arguably suffered from its very beginning. These deficiencies are the paucity of economic theorisation and the lack of philosophical depth. In this paper, we seek to strengthen the case for the following four claims: (1) there is a limit to how far IPE can go without addressing explicitly the problems of economic theory; (2) mainstream economics remains largely insulated from the concerns of social scientific IPE, but there are several economic theoretical traditions from which such IPE can draw explanatory insights and hypotheses; (3) systematic engagement across research traditions requires an explicit metatheoretical framework such as critical social scientific realism or pragmatism; and (4) IPE should illuminate structures, mechanisms and processes that are not confined by state borders or limited to nation-state interactions. A well-known corollary of (4) is that the field should be called World or Global PE rather than IPE.
Automated assessment of breast margins in deep ultraviolet fluorescence images using texture analysis
Authors: Lu Tongtong , Jorns Julie M. , Ye Dong Hye , Patton Mollie , Fisher Renee , Emmrich Amanda , Schmidt Taly Gilat , Yen Tina , Yu Bing
Published: July 2022

Microscopy with ultraviolet surface excitation (MUSE) is increasingly
studied for intraoperative assessment of tumor margins during
breast-conserving surgery to reduce the re-excision rate. Here we
report a two-step classification approach using texture analysis of
MUSE images to automate the margin detection. A study dataset
consisting of MUSE images from 66 human breast tissues was constructed
for model training and validation. Features extracted using six
texture analysis methods were investigated for tissue
characterization, and a support vector machine was trained for binary
classification of image patches within a full image based on selected
feature subsets. A weighted majority voting strategy classified a
sample as tumor or normal. Using the eight most predictive features
ranked by the maximum relevance minimum redundancy and Laplacian
scores methods has achieved a sample classification accuracy of
92.4% and 93.0%, respectively. Local binary pattern
alone has achieved an accuracy of 90.3%.
Local axis orientation mapped by polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography provides a unique contrast to identify caries lesions in enamel
Authors: Tang Peijun , Le Nhan , Lu Jie , Chung Kwok-Hung , Subhash Hrebesh , Kilpatrick-Liverman LaTonya , Wang Ruikang K.
Published: July 2022

Due to rod-like hydroxyapatite crystal organizations, dental enamel is optically anisotropic, i.e., birefringent. Healthy enamel is known to be intrinsically negatively birefringent. However, when demineralization of enamel occurs, a considerable number of inter-crystallite spaces would be created between the crystallites in the enamel, which could lead to a sign reversion in birefringence of the enamel structure. We propose that this sign reversion can be leveraged in polarization sensitive OCT (PSOCT) imaging to differentiate early caries lesions from healthy enamel. In this study using PSOCT, we first confirm that the change in birefringence sign (negative to positive) can lead to a 90-degree alteration in the local axis orientation because of the switch between the fast and slow optic axes. We then demonstrate, for the first time, that the local axis orientation can be utilized to map and visualize the WSLs from the healthy enamel with a unique contrast. Moreover, the sharp alteration in local axis orientation gives a clear boundary between the WSLs and the healthy enamel, providing an opportunity to automatically segment the three-dimensional WSLs from the healthy enamel, enabling the characterization of their size and depth information in an intuitive way, which may aid clinical decision making and treatment planning.
Do EnChroma glasses improve performance on clinical tests for red-green color deficiencies?
Authors: Pattie Cat , Aston Stacey , Jordan Gabriele
Published: July 2022

We investigated the claims of EnChroma that their notch filters aid chromatic discrimination in color-vision deficiencies (CVD). Few research studies have addressed these claims and reports are still inconclusive, mainly due to small sample sizes. We here add to previous research finding little evidence to support the benefits of EnChroma lenses. Comparing the performance of 86 well-categorized CVD observers and 24 controls on two clinical tests we report no overall improvement when EnChroma lenses were worn. In line with previous studies, our results imply an improvement in discrimination for some colors while worsening discrimination for others. A model was constructed computing discrimination changes for different groups of ideal observers corroborating our behavioral outcomes. Taken together, our results do not support the use of EnChroma notch filters for the improvement of color discrimination in CVD.
Controllable one-way add-drop filter based on magneto-optical photonic crystal with ring resonator and microcavities
Authors: Tang Gangchao , Huang Yuhao , Chen Jianfeng , Li Zhi-Yuan , Liang Wenyao
Published: July 2022

We have proposed a controllable topological add-drop filter (ADF) by utilizing the one-way transmission property and resonant coupling effect of topological photonic states in magneto-optical photonic crystal (MOPC) system. The ADF is symmetrically constructed by a central ring resonator (RR) with each side a MO microcavity and a topological waveguide formed by MOPC/Al2O3 PCs. The topological waveguide supports one-way transmission and the microcavity is used to adjust resonant frequency and improve filtering performance. Based on the symmetry of structure and the adjustability of magnetic field, the input and output ports can be reconfigured conveniently to realize the dropping and adding functions of the ADF. Such an ADF possesses merits of nearly perfect filtering performance, convenient adjustability of resonance mode, and strong robustness against various defects. Moreover, we further design an optical demultiplexer consisting of two PCRRs which is able to separate two different resonant modes independently and efficiently. These results hold promise in many fields such as optical communications and wavelength-division multiplexing.
Spectral-envelope modulated double-phase method for computer-generated holography
Authors: Sui Xiaomeng , He Zehao , Jin Guofan , Cao Liangcai
Published: July 2022

Computer-generated holography provides an approach to modulate the optical wavefront with computationally synthesized holograms. Since the hardware implementation for complex wavefronts is not yet available, double-phase decomposition is utilized as a complex encoding method of converting a complex wavefront to a double-phase hologram. The double-phase hologram adapts a complex wavefront for the phase-type devices, but the reconstruction is plagued by the noise caused by spatial-shifting errors. Here, a spectral-envelope modulated double-phase method is proposed to suppress the spatial-shifting noise with an off-axis envelope modulation on the Fourier spectrum of a double-phase hologram. This proposed method out-performs conventional on-axis double-phase method in optical reconstructing accuracy with indicated 9.54% improvement in PSNR and 196.86% improvement in SSIM.
Heterodyne detection of backscattering for whispering-gallery-mode sensors
Authors: Xie Ran-Ran , Wen Pengyu , Zhang Hao , Jia Yuechen , Cui Xue-Qing , Wang Min , Li Gui-Qin , Qin Guo-Qing , Chen Feng , Long Gui-Lu
Published: July 2022

Whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microcavities have shown significant applications in nanoparticle sensing for environmental monitoring and biological analysis. However, the enhancement of detection resolution often calls for active cavities or elaborate structural designs, leading to an increase of fabrication complexity and cost. Herein, heterodyne amplification is implemented in WGM microsensors based on backscattering detection mechanism. By interfering with an exotic reference laser, the reflecting light backscattered by perturbation targets can be strongly enlarged, yielding an easy-to-resolve and consequently sensitive microsensor. The dependence of detection laser frequency has also been characterized with the assistance of optothermal dynamics. We show that exploiting heterodyne interferometry boosts the detection of weak signals in microresonator systems and provides a fertile ground for optical microsensor development.