bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Catalyst‐Free Cycloaddition Reaction: Access to Spiro[chroman‐3,2’‐indene‐1’,3’‐dione] Scaffolds
Authors: Han Yuzhe , Zhu Yingzu , Zhang Pangmiaomiao , Li Wenjun , Li Pengfei
Published: December 2017

We have reported herein a catalyst‐free cycloaddition of ortho‐hydroxyphenyl‐substituted para‐quinone methides and 2‐arylideneindane‐1,3‐diones by which a series of chromans featuring a spiro indane‐1,3‐dione scaffolds were obtained in high yields without any additives. Importantly, both anti‐ and syn‐ diastereomers could be obtained as single diastereomers respectively. Moverover, the current methold provides a novel and convenient approach for the efficient incorporation of the two biologically important scaffolds (chroman and spiro indane‐1,3‐dione).
Self‐Assembly of TbPc2 Single‐Molecule Magnets on Surface through Multiple Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Pedrini Alessandro , Poggini Lorenzo , Tudisco Cristina , Torelli Martina , Giuffrida Antonino E. , Bertani Federico , Cimatti Irene , Otero Edwige , Ohresser Philippe , Sainctavit Philippe , Suman Michele , Condorelli Guglielmo G. , Mannini Matteo , Dalcanale Enrico
Published: December 2017

The complexation between 2‐ureido‐4[1H]‐pyrimidinone (UPy) and 2,7‐diamido‐1,8‐naphthyridine (NaPy) is used to promote the mild chemisorption of a UPy‐functionalized terbium(III) double decker system on a silicon surface. The adopted strategy allows the single‐molecule magnet behavior of the system to be maintained unaltered on the surface.
A Single‐Step Hydrothermal Route to 3D Hierarchical Cu2O/CuO/rGO Nanosheets as High‐Performance Anode of Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Songhao , Fu Gaoliang , Lv Weiqiang , Wei Jiake , Chen Wenjin , Yi Huqiang , Gu Meng , Bai Xuedong , Zhu Liang , Tan Chao , Liang Yachun , Zhu Gaolong , He Jiarui , Wang Xinqiang , Zhang Kelvin H. L. , Xiong Jie , He Weidong
Published: December 2017

As anodes of Li‐ion batteries, copper oxides (CuO) have a high theoretical specific capacity (674 mA h g−1) but own poor cyclic stability owing to the large volume expansion and low conductivity in charges/discharges. Incorporating reduced graphene oxide (rGO) into CuO anodes with conventional methods fails to build robust interaction between rGO and CuO to efficiently improve the overall anode performance. Here, Cu2O/CuO/reduced graphene oxides (Cu2O/CuO/rGO) with a 3D hierarchical nanostructure are synthesized with a facile, single‐step hydrothermal method. The Cu2O/CuO/rGO anode exhibits remarkable cyclic and high‐rate performances, and particularly the anode with 25 wt% rGO owns the best performance among all samples, delivering a record capacity of 550 mA h g−1 at 0.5 C after 100 cycles. The pronounced performances are attributed to the highly efficient charge transfer in CuO nanosheets encapsulated in rGO network and the mitigated volume expansion of the anode owing to its robust 3D hierarchical nanostructure.
Boosting the Cycle Life of Aprotic Li–O2 Batteries via a Photo‐Assisted Hybrid Li2O2‐Scavenging Strategy
Authors: Qiao Yu , Liu Yang , Jiang Kezhu , Li Xiang , He Yibo , Li Qi , Wu Shichao , Zhou Haoshen
Published: December 2017

The development of the nonaqueous Li–O2 battery, a promising candidate for high‐gravimetric‐energy‐storage techniques, is seriously restrained by the high charge overpotential during electrochemical decomposition of insulating Li2O2. Benefiting from the photovoltage, photo‐assisted charging is revealed as a feasible method to reduce the charge potential. However, a long period of illumination will inevitably aggravate the degradation of the electrolyte. Herein, composed of contact‐ion‐pairs (CIPs), a newly introduced superconcentrated electrolyte presents superior stability against parasitic photocatalytic decomposition. More significantly, the conventional and photo‐assisted charging processes are rationally integrated as a unique hybrid strategy, in which the highly polarized charging stage is replaced by the photo‐assisted Li2O2‐scavenging process. By tuning the photocatalysis and Li2O2 electrochemical oxidization, the hybrid Li2O2‐scavenging strategy not only boosts the cycle life of rechargeable Li–O2 batteries but also opens possibilities in designing photocatalysis‐involved rechargeable energy‐storage battery systems.
Mandated Resistance, Embodied Shame: The Material and Affective Contours of a TESOL Method
Authors: Mathew Leya
Published: December 2017

This article examines how a purportedly local, postcolonial reform effort to resist center‐based methods is resisted by the students and teachers it seeks to serve. In this context, rather than take center and periphery for granted, the author attempts a processual geography of method. Drawing on data from a 19‐month ethnography in the Indian state of Kerala, the author first traces the materials production process and reifications of resistance to argue that method produces centers. Specifically, privileged actors rearranged the terms of recognition from literacy to orality to resist supposedly structural, behaviorist pedagogies but in effect mandated resistance to locally available literacy resources. Then, foregrounding the quality of classroom life (Kumaravadivelu, 2006a) under reform conditions, the author witnesses diverse regimes of shame. Kumaravadivelu (2006b) distinguishes methods (“established methods conceptualized and constructed by experts”) from methodologies (“what practicing teachers actually do in the classroom” to achieve their teaching objectives, p. 84). Because the material and affective registers of classroom life emerged as crucial domains of experience, the author attempts an intersectional analysis that foregrounds the material (Block, 2015; Ramanathan, 2008) in conjunction with that of the affective (Motha & Lin, 2013). Ethnographic attention to the “schema of agents, levels, and processes” (Ricento & Hornberger, 1996, p. 408) entailed in the production and consumption of a method illuminates the multiple and complex ways in which marginality is engendered and lived.
A study of KαL1 X‐ray satellite spectrum of the elements 27 ≤ Z ≤ 31 by photon excitation
Authors: Ram Narayana K. , Seetharamireddy B. , Koteswararao V. , Abdul Sattar S. , Murti M.V.R. , Mombasawala L.S.
Published: December 2017

Kα X‐ray satellite spectra of Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Ga generated by photon excitation are analyzed using a wavelength dispersion spectrometer. Spectra of Ni, Cu, Zn, and Ga are studied for the first time using a LiF420 crystal. Spectrum of Co was studied with LiF200 crystal in second order. KαL1 X‐ray satellite energies and relative intensities are measured. The energy shifts relative to diagram line are computed and are compared with theoretical and semi‐empirical values. Dependence of energy shifts and relative intensities on Z and mode of excitation is analyzed.
Diffusion and mixing effects in hot jet initiation and propagation of hydrogen detonations
Authors: Cai Xiaodong , Deiterding Ralf , Liang Jianhan , Sun Mingbo , Mahmoudi Yasser
Published: December 2017

In the present work, the role of diffusion and mixing in hot jet initiation and detonation propagation in a supersonic combustible hydrogen–oxygen mixture is investigated in a two-dimensional channel. A second-order accurate finite volume method solver combined with an adaptive mesh refinement method is deployed for both the reactive Euler and Navier–Stokes equations in combination with a one-step and two-species reaction model. The results show that the small-scale vortices resulting from the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability enhance the reactant consumption in the inviscid result through the mixing. However, the suppression of the growth of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability and the subsequent formation of small-scale vortices imposed by the diffusion in the viscous case can result in the reduction of the mixing rate, hence slowing the consumption of the reactant. After full initiation in the whole channel, the mixing becomes insufficient to facilitate the reactant consumption. This applies to both the inviscid and viscous cases and is due to the absence of the unburned reactant far away from the detonation front. Nonetheless, the stronger diffusion effect in the Navier–Stokes results can contribute more significantly to the reactant consumption closely behind the detonation front. However, further downstream the mixing is expected to be stronger, which eventually results in a stronger viscous detonation than the corresponding inviscid one. At high grid resolutions it is vital to correctly consider physical viscosity to suppress intrinsic instabilities in the detonation front, which can also result in the generation of less triple points even with a larger overdrive degree. Numerical viscosity was minimized to such an extent that inviscid results remained intrinsically unstable while asymptotically converged results were only obtained when the Navier–Stokes model was applied, indicating that solving the reactive Navier–Stokes equations is expected to give more correct descriptions of detonations.
Internal wave generation by tidal flow over a two-dimensional ridge: energy flux asymmetries induced by a steady surface trapped current
Authors: Lamb Kevin G. , Dunphy M.
Published: December 2017

The effects of a surface trapped steady background current on internal waves generated by tidal currents oscillating over a small symmetric ridge are investigated using a two-dimensional primitive equation model. A rigid lid is used with a linearly stratified fluid and the effects of rotation are not considered. We consider uni-directional background currents $\bar{U}(z)\geqslant 0$ confined to a surface layer lying well above the ridge. The current introduces asymmetries in the generated wave field. For sufficiently narrow ridges the upstream energy flux is larger than the downstream flux while the opposite is the case for sufficiently wide ridges. The total energy flux radiating away from the ridge is not significantly affected by the current. Mean second-order currents and pressure fields are shown to make important contributions to the total energy flux. A first-order linear theory, valid for a general stratification and surface current, which accurately predicts the wave field is also developed.
The evolution of second mode internal solitary waves over variable topography
Authors: Yuan C. , Grimshaw R. , Johnson E.
Published: December 2017

A study of the propagation of a mode-2 internal solitary wave over a slope-shelf topography is presented. The methodology is based on a variable-coefficient Korteweg–de Vries (vKdV) equation, using both analysis and numerical simulations, and simulations using the MIT general circulation model (MITgcm). Two configurations are considered. One is a mode-2 internal solitary wave propagating up the slope, from one three-layer system to another three-layer system. Depending on the height of the shelf, which determines the variation of the nonlinear coefficient of the vKdV equation, this can be classified into two cases. First, the case of a polarity change, in which the coefficient of the quadratic nonlinear term changes sign at a certain critical point on the slope, and second, the case with no such polarity change. In both these cases there is a small transfer of energy from the mode-2 wave to mode-1 waves. The other configuration is when the lower layer in the three-layer system goes to zero at a transition point on the slope, and beyond that point, there is a two-layer fluid system. A mode-2 internal solitary wave propagating up the slope cannot exist past this transition point. Instead it is extinguished and replaced by a mode-1 bore and trailing wave packet which moves onto the shelf.
Mapping the suitability for ice-core drilling of glaciers in the European Alps and the Asian High Mountains
Authors: GARZONIO ROBERTO , DI MAURO BIAGIO , STRIGARO DANIELE , ROSSINI MICOL , COLOMBO ROBERTO , DE AMICIS MATTIA , MAGGI VALTER
Published: December 2017

Ice cores from mid-latitude mountain glaciers provide detailed information on past climate conditions and regional environmental changes, which is essential for placing current climate change into a longer term perspective. In this context, it is important to define guidelines and create dedicated maps to identify suitable areas for future ice-core drillings. In this study, the suitability for ice-core drilling (SICD) of a mountain glacier is defined as the possibility of extracting an ice core with preserved stratigraphy suitable for reconstructing past climate. Morphometric and climatic variables related to SICD are selected through literature review and characterization of previously drilled sites. A quantitative Weight of Evidence method is proposed to combine selected variables (i.e. slope, local relief, temperature and direct solar radiation) to map the potential drilling sites in mid-latitude mountain glaciers. The method was first developed in the European Alps and then applied to the Asian High Mountains. Model performances and limitations are discussed and first indications of new potential drilling sites in the Asian High Mountains are provided. Results presented here can facilitate the selection of future drilling sites especially on unexplored Asian mountain glaciers towards the understanding of climate and environmental changes.
CHANGES IN REMEMBRANCE OF AN URNFIELD CREMATION CEMETERY, CERRO DE TRINCHERAS, SONORA, MEXICO
Authors: Cerezo-Román Jessica I. , Maldonado Silvia I. Nava , Guzmán Carlos Cruz , Watson James T. , Villalpando M. Elisa
Published: December 2017

We explore the transformation of a site into a place of remembrance by evaluating the life history of an urnfield at Cerro de Trincheras, Sonora, Mexico. Prehispanic inhabitants used this cemetery as a cremation burial ground ca. AD 1300–1450. Memory of the cemetery persisted into historical times among inhabitants of the area, but its use changed. We argue that critical and contextualized approaches to cemeteries are needed to understand the complexity of how burial spaces are used through time.
THE ECONOMY OF SPECIALIZED CERAMIC CRAFT PRODUCTION IN THE CASAS GRANDES REGION
Authors: Topi John R. , VanPool Christine S. , Waller Kyle D. , VanPool Todd L.
Published: December 2017

Recent analyses use geometric morphometrics (GM), the quantitative study of shape and its variation, to examine aspects of the archaeological record. Our research builds on such applications to examine the organization of production by applying GM analysis to whole ceramic vessels from the Casas Grandes culture of northwest Mexico. We quantify variation in vessel shape and size and conclude that specialists made at least some of the Ramos and Babicora Polychromes, but that the other Casas Grandes ceramic types were generally made by nonspecialists. This bolsters arguments for Medio period (AD 1200 to 1450) specialized production above the household level but indicates that specialized production was limited to a subset of economically valuable goods. We further suggest some Ramos Polychrome was made by attached specialists associated with elites at Paquime, the religious center of the Medio period, whereas some Babicora Polychrome was made by independent specialists. The analysis contributes to three important anthropological topics: (1) the study of the Medio period Casas Grandes culture, and by extension the organization of production in mid-level hierarchically organized societies; (2) geometric morphometric analysis of archaeological collections; and (3) the Standardization Hypothesis and the relationship between artifact standardization and the organization of production.
Cliffhangers and Sequels: Stories, Serials, and Authorial Intentions
Authors: ALWARD PETER
Published: December 2017

A fictional work contains a cliffhanger if it ends with a central character finding herself in perilous circumstances. The goal of this paper is to establish that authors’ narrative intentions determine what happens next in works that end in cliffhangers when no sequel is produced. To this end, I argue from the fact that a sequel written by the original author would uniquely resolve a fictional work that ends in a cliffhanger to the conclusion that the author’s narrative intentions serve as truth-makers for claims about what happens next in the absence of some such sequel.
Traditional ecological knowledge of the Critically Endangered Tooth-billed Pigeon Didunculus strigirostris, endemic to Samoa
Authors: SERRA GIANLUCA , SHERLEY GREG , FAILAGI S. AFELE , FOLIGA S. TALIE , UILI MOEUMU , ENOKA FIALELEI , SUAESI TEPA
Published: December 2017

Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) rigorously collected in four Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) of Samoa provided conservation and ecological insights about the endemic and evolutionarily distinctive Tooth-billed Pigeon Didunculus strigirostris. This study confirmed the 2006 estimate of a sharply declining population, supporting the recent conservation status assessment of Critically Endangered. Birds are killed as bycatch during hunting for the sympatric Pacific Pigeon Ducula pacifica, suggesting that this activity may be a key threat. The Tooth-billed Pigeon was observed by selected reliable indigenous hunters in several forest areas targeted in the present study, from a few months to several years ago. In the field, it was detected acoustically and identified through TEK and a mix of a TEK-scientific approach in four forest areas within three Samoan KBAs. Detection of the bird in the field is an issue due to its highly cryptic behaviour and because its call largely overlaps with one of the calls of Pacific Pigeon. Original TEK about the behavioural ecology of this species, including the fruiting trees mostly used and its terrestrial habits is reported. Short-term conservation recommendations are provided based on the findings.
High expression of MKP1/DUSP1 counteracts glioma stem cell activity and mediates HDAC inhibitor response
Authors: Arrizabalaga Olatz , Moreno-Cugnon Leire , Auzmendi-Iriarte Jaione , Aldaz Paula , Ibanez de Caceres Inmaculada , Garros-Regulez Laura , Moncho-Amor Veronica , Torres-Bayona Sergio , Pernía Olga , Pintado-Berninches Laura , Carrasco-Ramirez Patricia , Cortes-Sempere María , Rosas Rocío , Sanchez-Gomez Pilar , Ruiz Irune , Caren Helena , Pollard Steven , Garcia Idoia , Sacido Angel-Ayuso , Lovell-Badge Robin , Belda-Iniesta Cristobal , Sampron Nicolas , Perona Rosario , Matheu Ander
Published: December 2017

The elucidation of mechanisms involved in resistance to therapies is essential to improve the survival of patients with malignant gliomas. A major feature possessed by glioma cells that may aid their ability to survive therapy and reconstitute tumors is the capacity for self-renewal. We show here that glioma stem cells (GSCs) express low levels of MKP1, a dual-specificity phosphatase, which acts as a negative inhibitor of JNK, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK, while induction of high levels of MKP1 expression are associated with differentiation of GSC. Notably, we find that high levels of MKP1 correlate with a subset of glioblastoma patients with better prognosis and overall increased survival. Gain of expression studies demonstrated that elevated MKP1 impairs self-renewal and induces differentiation of GSCs while reducing tumorigenesis in vivo. Moreover, we identified that MKP1 is epigenetically regulated and that it mediates the anti-tumor activity of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) alone or in combination with temozolomide. In summary, this study identifies MKP1 as a key modulator of the interplay between GSC self-renewal and differentiation and provides evidence that the activation of MKP1, through epigenetic regulation, might be a novel therapeutic strategy to overcome therapy resistance in glioblastoma.
Estrogen-related receptor γ causes osteoarthritis by upregulating extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes
Authors: Son Young-Ok , Park Seulki , Kwak Ji-Sun , Won Yoonkyung , Choi Wan-Su , Rhee Jinseol , Chun Churl-Hong , Ryu Je-Hwang , Kim Don-Kyu , Choi Hueng-Sik , Chun Jang-Soo
Published: December 2017

The estrogen-related receptor (ERR) family of orphan nuclear receptor is composed of ERRα, ERRβ, and ERRγ, which are known to regulate various isoform-specific functions under normal and pathophysiological conditions. Here, we investigate the involvement of ERRs in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) in mice. Among ERR family members, ERRγ is markedly upregulated in cartilage from human OA patients and various mouse models of OA. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of ERRγ in mouse knee joint or transgenic expression of ERRγ in cartilage leads to OA. ERRγ overexpression in chondrocytes directly upregulates matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and MMP13, which are known to play crucial roles in cartilage destruction in OA. In contrast, genetic ablation of Esrrg or shRNA-mediated downregulation of Esrrg in joint tissues abrogates experimental OA in mice. Our results collectively indicate that ERRγ is a novel catabolic regulator of OA pathogenesis.
Publisher Correction: Precision cosmology from future lensed gravitational wave and electromagnetic signals
Authors: Liao Kai , Fan Xi-Long , Ding Xuheng , Biesiada Marek , Zhu Zong-Hong
Published: December 2017

The original PDF version of this Article inadvertently highlighted the author surnames and omitted the publication date. These have now been corrected in the PDF version of the Article. The HTML version was correct from the time of publication.
What is the temperature of a moving body?
Authors: Farías Cristian , Pinto Victor A. , Moya Pablo S.
Published: December 2017

The construction of a relativistic thermodynamics theory is still controversial after more than 110 years. To the date there is no agreement on which set of relativistic transformations of thermodynamic quantities is the correct one, or if the problem even has a solution. Starting from Planck and Einstein, several authors have proposed their own reasoning, concluding that a moving body could appear cooler, hotter or at the same temperature as measured by a local observer. In this article we present a review of the main theories of relativistic thermodynamics, with an special emphasis on the physical assumptions adopted by each one. We also present a set of relativistic transformations that we have derived by assuming the laws of Thermodynamics to be covariant. We found that under such assumptions a moving body appears to be hotter. Since relativistic thermodynamics is a topic that can be treated as part of an undergraduate course of classical thermodynamics or modern physics, the review and our own derivations presented here aim to encourage undergraduate physics students to open a discussion on the fundamental assumptions in thermodynamics and to engage in research activities early in their scientific career.
Connectome-harmonic decomposition of human brain activity reveals dynamical repertoire re-organization under LSD
Authors: Atasoy Selen , Roseman Leor , Kaelen Mendel , Kringelbach Morten L. , Deco Gustavo , Carhart-Harris Robin L.
Published: December 2017

Recent studies have started to elucidate the effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on the human brain but the underlying dynamics are not yet fully understood. Here we used ’connectome-harmonic decomposition’, a novel method to investigate the dynamical changes in brain states. We found that LSD alters the energy and the power of individual harmonic brain states in a frequency-selective manner. Remarkably, this leads to an expansion of the repertoire of active brain states, suggestive of a general re-organization of brain dynamics given the non-random increase in co-activation across frequencies. Interestingly, the frequency distribution of the active repertoire of brain states under LSD closely follows power-laws indicating a re-organization of the dynamics at the edge of criticality. Beyond the present findings, these methods open up for a better understanding of the complex brain dynamics in health and disease.
The proper use of coronary calcium score and coronary computed tomography angiography for screening asymptomatic patients with cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Tay Shee Yen , Chang Po-Yen , Lao Wilson T. , Lin Ying Chin , Chung Yi-Han , Chan Wing P.
Published: December 2017

Early detection and treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD) can reduce incidences of acute myocardial infarction. In this study, we determined the proper use of contributing risk factors and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) when screening asymptomatic patients with coronary arterial stenoses using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). We reviewed 934 consecutive patients who received CACS and CCTA between December 2013 and November 2016. At least one cardiovascular disease risk factor was present in each of the 509 asymptomatic participants. Patients were grouped based on CACS into “zero,” “minimal” (0 < CACS ≤ 10), “mild” (10 < CACS ≤ 100), “moderate” (100 < CACS ≤ 400), and “excessive” (CACS > 400). Males over 45 years old with diabetes mellitus and hypertension had a higher risk of significant coronary stenosis. In multivariate analysis, age, sex, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus remained significant predictors of stenosis. A CACS of zero occurred in 227 patients (44.6%). There were no significant differences between the “zero” and “minimal” groups (p = 0.421), but the “mild,” “moderate,” and “excessive” groups showed correlations with significant coronary stenosis. Age, sex, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension were associated with higher risk of significant coronary stenosis. Asymptomatic patients with CACSs of zero do not require CCTA, and thereby avoid unnecessary radiation exposure.
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Childhood, Adolescent and Young Adult Survivors of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia – A Petale Cohort
Authors: Levy Emile , Samoilenko Mariia , Morel Sophia , England Jade , Amre Devendra , Bertout Laurence , Drouin Simon , Laverdière Caroline , Krajinovic Maja , Sinnett Daniel , Lefebvre Geneviève , Marcil Valérie
Published: December 2017

Our objectives were to assess the prevalence of cardiometabolic complications in children, adolescents, and young adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL), to identify their predictors and the risk compared to the Canadian population. We performed a cardiometabolic assessment of cALL survivors from the PETALE cohort (n = 247, median age at visit of 21.7 years). In our group, overweight and obesity affected over 70% of women. Pre-hypertension and hypertension were mostly common in men, both adults (20%) and children (19%). Prediabetes was mainly present in women (6.1% of female adult survivors) and 41.3% had dyslipidemia. Cranial radiation therapy was a predictor of dyslipidemia (RR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.07–2.41) and high LDL-cholesterol (RR: 4.78, 95% CI: 1.72–13.28). Male gender was a predictor for pre-hypertension and hypertension (RR: 5.12, 95% CI: 1.81–14.46). Obesity at the end of treatment was a predictor of obesity at interview (RR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.37–3.14) and of metabolic syndrome (RR: 3.04, 95% CI: 1.14–8.09). Compared to the general population, cALL survivors were at higher risk of having the metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, pre-hypertension/hypertension and high LDL-cholesterol, while the risk for obesity was not different. Our results support the need for early screening and lifestyle intervention in this population.
Superoxide stability for reversible Na-O2 electrochemistry
Authors: Dilimon V. S. , Hwang Chihyun , Cho Yoon-Gyo , Yang Juchan , Lim Hee-Dae , Kang Kisuk , Kang Seok Ju , Song Hyun-Kon
Published: December 2017

Stabilizing superoxide (O2−) is one of the key issues of sodium-air batteries because the superoxide-based discharge product (NaO2) is more reversibly oxidized to oxygen when compared with peroxide (O22−) and oxide (O2−). Reversibly outstanding performances of sodium-oxygen batteries have been realized with the superoxide discharge product (NaO2) even if sodium peroxide (Na2O2) have been also known as the discharge products. Here we report that the Lewis basicity of anions of sodium salts as well as solvent molecules, both quantitatively represented by donor numbers (DNs), determines the superoxide stability and resultantly the reversibility of sodium-oxygen batteries. A DN map of superoxide stability was presented as a selection guide of salt/solvent pair. Based on sodium triflate (CF3SO3−)/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a high-DN-pair electrolyte system, sodium ion oxygen batteries were constructed. Pre-sodiated antimony (Sb) was used as an anode during discharge instead of sodium metal because DMSO is reacted with the metal. The superoxide stability supported by the high DN anion/solvent pair ($${{\rm{CF}}}_{3}{{\rm{SO}}}_{3}$$

CF

3

SO

3

–/DMSO) allowed more reversible operation of the sodium ion oxygen batteries.
Increasing the permeability of Escherichia coli using MAC13243
Authors: Muheim Claudio , Götzke Hansjörg , Eriksson Anna U. , Lindberg Stina , Lauritsen Ida , Nørholm Morten H. H. , Daley Daniel O.
Published: December 2017

The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria is a permeability barrier that prevents the efficient uptake of molecules with large scaffolds. As a consequence, a number of antibiotic classes are ineffective against gram-negative strains. Herein we carried out a high throughput screen for small molecules that make the outer membrane of Escherichia coli more permeable. We identified MAC13243, an inhibitor of the periplasmic chaperone LolA that traffics lipoproteins from the inner to the outer membrane. We observed that cells were (1) more permeable to the fluorescent probe 1-N-phenylnapthylamine, and (2) more susceptible to large-scaffold antibiotics when sub-inhibitory concentrations of MAC13243 were used. To exclude the possibility that the permeability was caused by an off-target effect, we genetically reconstructed the MAC13243-phenotype by depleting LolA levels using the CRISPRi system.
Alterations in oral bacterial communities are associated with risk factors for oral and oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Börnigen Daniela , Ren Boyu , Pickard Robert , Li Jingfeng , Ozer Enver , Hartmann Erica M. , Xiao Weihong , Tickle Timothy , Rider Jennifer , Gevers Dirk , Franzosa Eric A. , Davey Mary Ellen , Gillison Maura L. , Huttenhower Curtis
Published: December 2017

Oral squamous cell carcinomas are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and tobacco usage, alcohol consumption, and poor oral hygiene are established risk factors. To date, no large-scale case-control studies have considered the effects of these risk factors on the composition of the oral microbiome, nor microbial community associations with oral cancer. We compared the composition, diversity, and function of the oral microbiomes of 121 oral cancer patients to 242 age- and gender-matched controls using a metagenomic multivariate analysis pipeline. Significant shifts in composition and function of the oral microbiome were observed with poor oral hygiene, tobacco smoking, and oral cancer. Specifically, we observed dramatically altered community composition and function after tooth loss, with smaller alterations in current tobacco smokers, increased production of antioxidants in individuals with periodontitis, and significantly decreased glutamate metabolism metal transport in oral cancer patients. Although the alterations in the oral microbiome of oral cancer patients were significant, they were of substantially lower effect size relative to microbiome shifts after tooth loss. Alterations following tooth loss, itself a major risk factor for oral cancer, are likely a result of severe ecological disruption due to habitat loss but may also contribute to the development of the disease.
Dysregulation of Iron Metabolism in Cholangiocarcinoma Stem-like Cells
Authors: Raggi Chiara , Gammella Elena , Correnti Margherita , Buratti Paolo , Forti Elisa , Andersen Jesper B , Alpini Gianfranco , Glaser Shannon , Alvaro Domenico , Invernizzi Pietro , Cairo Gaetano , Recalcati Stefania
Published: December 2017

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a devastating liver tumour arising from malignant transformation of bile duct epithelial cells. Cancer stem cells (CSC) are a subset of tumour cells endowed with stem-like properties, which play a role in tumour initiation, recurrence and metastasis. In appropriate conditions, CSC form 3D spheres (SPH), which retain stem-like tumour-initiating features. Here, we found different expression of iron proteins indicating increased iron content, oxidative stress and higher expression of CSC markers in CCA-SPH compared to tumour cells growing as monolayers. Exposure to the iron chelator desferrioxamine decreased SPH forming efficiency and the expression of CSC markers and stem-like genes, whereas iron had an opposite effect. Microarray profiles in CCA samples (n = 104) showed decreased H ferritin, hepcidin and ferroportin expression in tumours respect to surrounding liver, whereas transferrin receptor was up-regulated. Moreover, we found a trend toward poorer outcome in CCA patients with elevated expression of ferritin and hepcidin, two major proteins of iron metabolism. These findings, which represent the first evidence of a role for iron in the stem cell compartment as a novel metabolic factor involved in CCA growth, may have implications for a better therapeutic approach.
SOX30 is required for male fertility in mice
Authors: Feng Chun-Wei Allen , Spiller Cassy , Merriner Donna J. , O’Bryan Moira K. , Bowles Josephine , Koopman Peter
Published: December 2017

Male infertility is a major and growing problem and, in most cases, the specific root cause is unknown. Here we show that the transcription factor SOX30 plays a critical role in mouse spermatogenesis. Sox30-null mice are healthy and females are fertile, but males are sterile. In the absence of Sox30 meiosis initiates normally in both sexes but, in males, germ cell development arrests during the post-meiotic round spermatid period. In the mutant testis, acrosome and axoneme development are aberrant, multinucleated germ cells (symplasts) form and round spermatids unable to process beyond step 3 of spermiogenesis. No elongated spermatids nor spermatozoa are produced. Thus, Sox30 represents a rare example of a gene for which loss of function results in a complete arrest of spermatogenesis at the onset of spermiogenesis. Our results suggest that SOX30 mutations may underlie some instances of unexplained non-obstructive azoospermia in humans.
Increasing gap in human height between rich and poor countries associated to their different intakes of N and P
Authors: Peñuelas Josep , Janssens Ivan A. , Ciais Philippe , Obersteiner Michael , Krisztin Tamás , Piao Shilong , Sardans Jordi
Published: December 2017

We analyzed mean height of men born in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s in 80 countries. Both height and the change in height during the last decades were correlated with N and P intake, as well as the N:P intake ratio. Rich countries had higher per capita N and P intake than poor countries (on average 19.5 ± 0.3 versus 9.66 ± 0.18 kg N y−1 and 2.17 ± 0.04 versus 1.35 ± 0.02 kg P y−1), and also larger increases in per capita N intake (12.1 ± 2.0% vs. 7.0 ± 2.1%) and P intake (7.6 ± 1.0% vs 6.01 ± 0.7%), during the period 1961–2009. The increasing gap in height trends between rich and poor countries is associated with an increasing gap in nutrition, so a more varied diet with higher N, P, and N:P intake is a key factor to improve food intake quality in poor countries and thus shorten the gap with rich countries. More N and P are needed with the consequent requirements for a better management of the socioeconomic and environmental associated problems.
Conserved molecular structure of the centromeric histone CENH3 in Secale and its phylogenetic relationships
Authors: Evtushenko E. V. , Elisafenko E. A. , Gatzkaya S. S. , Lipikhina Y. A. , Houben A. , Vershinin A. V.
Published: December 2017

It has been repeatedly demonstrated that the centromere-specific histone H3 (CENH3), a key component of the centromere, shows considerable variability between species within taxa. We determined the molecular structure and phylogenetic relationships of CENH3 in 11 Secale species and subspecies that possess distinct pollination systems and are adapted to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses. The rye (Secale cereale) genome encodes two paralogous CENH3 genes, which differ in intron-exon structure and are transcribed into two main forms of the protein, αCENH3 and βCENH3. These two forms differ in size and amino acid substitutions. In contrast to the reported differences in CENH3 structure between species within other taxa, the main forms of this protein in Secale species and subspecies have a nearly identical structure except some nonsynonymous substitutions. The CENH3 proteins are strictly controlled by genetic factors responsible for purifying selection. A comparison between Hordeum, Secale and Triticum species demonstrates that the structure of CENH3 in the subtribes Hordeinae and Triticinae evolved at different rates. The assumption that reticulate evolution served as a factor stabilizing the structure and evolutionary rate of CENH3 and that this factor was more powerful within Secale and Triticum than in Hordeum, is discussed.
Leukotriene B4 is essential for lung host defence and alpha-defensin-1 production during Achromobacter xylosoxidans infection
Authors: Prado Morgana K. B. , Locachevic Gisele A. , Zoccal Karina F. , Paula-Silva Francisco W. G. , Fontanari Caroline , Ferreira Joseane C. , Pereira Priscilla A. T. , Gardinassi Luiz G. , Ramos Simone G. , Sorgi Carlos A. , Darini Ana Lúcia C. , Faccioli Lúcia H.
Published: December 2017

Leukotriene B4(LTB4) is essential for host immune defence. It increases neutrophil recruitment, phagocytosis and pathogen clearance, and decreases oedema and inflammasome activation. The host response and the role of LTB4duringAchromobacter xylosoxidansinfection remain unexplored. Wild-type (129sv) and LTB4deficient (Alox5−/−) mice were intratracheally infected withA. xylosoxidans. Wild-type 129svinfected mice survived beyond the 8thday post-infection, exhibited increased levels of LTB4in the lung on the 1stday, while levels of PGE2increased on the 7thday post-infection. InfectedAlox5−/−mice showed impaired bacterial clearance, increased lung inflammation, and succumbed to the infection by the 7thday. We found that exogenous LTB4does not affect the phagocytosis ofA. xylosoxidansby alveolar macrophagesin vitro. However, treatment of infected animals with LTB4protected from mortality, by reducing the bacterial load and inflammation via BLT1signalling, the high affinity receptor for LTB4. Of importance, we uncovered that LTB4induces gene and protein expression of α-defensin-1 during the infection. This molecule is essential for bacterial clearance and exhibits potent antimicrobial activity by disruptingA. xylosoxidanscell wall. Taken together, our data demonstrate a major role for LTB4on the control ofA. xylosoxidansinfection.
Prediction of Mechanical Twinning in Magnesium Silicate Post-Perovskite
Authors: Carrez Philippe , Goryaeva Alexandra M. , Cordier Patrick
Published: December 2017

The plastic properties of MgSiO3 post-perovskite are considered to be one of the key issues necessary for understanding the seismic anisotropy at the bottom of the mantle in the so-called D” layer. Although plastic slip in MgSiO3 post-perovskite has attracted considerable attention, the twinning mechanism has not been addressed, despite some experimental evidence from low-pressure analogues. On the basis of a numerical mechanical model, we present a twin nucleation model for post-perovskite involving the emission of 1/6 <110> partial dislocations. Relying on first-principles calculations with no adjustable parameters, we show that {110} twin wall formation resulting from the interaction of multiple twin dislocations occurs at a twinning stress comparable in magnitude to the most readily occurring slip system in post-perovskite. Because dislocation activities and twinning are competitive strain-producing mechanisms, twinning should be considered in future models of crystallographic preferred orientations in post-perovskite to better interpret seismic anisotropy in the lowermost lower mantle.
Weak hydrological sensitivity to temperature change over land, independent of climate forcing
Authors: Samset B. H. , Myhre G. , Forster P. M. , Hodnebrog Ø. , Andrews T. , Boucher O. , Faluvegi G. , Fläschner D. , Kasoar M. , Kharin V. , Kirkevåg A. , Lamarque J.-F. , Olivié D. , Richardson T. B. , Shindell D. , Takemura T. , Voulgarakis A.
Published: December 2017

We present the global and regional hydrological sensitivity (HS) to surface temperature changes, for perturbations to CO2, CH4, sulfate and black carbon concentrations, and solar irradiance. Based on results from ten climate models, we show how modeled global mean precipitation increases by 2–3% per kelvin of global mean surface warming, independent of driver, when the effects of rapid adjustments are removed. Previously reported differences in response between drivers are therefore mainly ascribable to rapid atmospheric adjustment processes. All models show a sharp contrast in behavior over land and over ocean, with a strong surface temperature-driven (slow) ocean HS of 3–5%/K, while the slow land HS is only 0–2%/K. Separating the response into convective and large-scale cloud processes, we find larger inter-model differences, in particular over land regions. Large-scale precipitation changes are most relevant at high latitudes, while the equatorial HS is dominated by convective precipitation changes. Black carbon stands out as the driver with the largest inter-model slow HS variability, and also the strongest contrast between a weak land and strong sea response. We identify a particular need for model investigations and observational constraints on convective precipitation in the Arctic, and large-scale precipitation around the Equator.
Impact of remote patient monitoring on clinical outcomes: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Noah Benjamin , Keller Michelle S. , Mosadeghi Sasan , Stein Libby , Johl Sunny , Delshad Sean , Tashjian Vartan C. , Lew Daniel , Kwan James T. , Jusufagic Alma , Spiegel Brennan M. R.
Published: December 2017

Despite growing interest in remote patient monitoring, limited evidence exists to substantiate claims of its ability to improve outcomes. Our aim was to evaluate randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assess the effects of using wearable biosensors (e.g. activity trackers) for remote patient monitoring on clinical outcomes. We expanded upon prior reviews by assessing effectiveness across indications and presenting quantitative summary data. We searched for articles from January 2000 to October 2016 in PubMed, reviewed 4,348 titles, selected 777 for abstract review, and 64 for full text review. A total of 27 RCTs from 13 different countries focused on a range of clinical outcomes and were retained for final analysis; of these, we identified 16 high-quality studies. We estimated a difference-in-differences random effects meta-analysis on select outcomes. We weighted the studies by sample size and used 95% confidence intervals (CI) around point estimates. Difference-in-difference point estimation revealed no statistically significant impact of remote patient monitoring on any of six reported clinical outcomes, including body mass index (−0.73; 95% CI: −1.84, 0.38), weight (−1.29; −3.06, 0.48), waist circumference (−2.41; −5.16, 0.34), body fat percentage (0.11; −1.56, 1.34), systolic blood pressure (−2.62; −5.31, 0.06), and diastolic blood pressure (−0.99; −2.73, 0.74). Studies were highly heterogeneous in their design, device type, and outcomes. Interventions based on health behavior models and personalized coaching were most successful. We found substantial gaps in the evidence base that should be considered before implementation of remote patient monitoring in the clinical setting.
Interaction of cells with patterned reactors
Authors: Zhu Chuntao , Taipaleenmäki Essi M. , Zhang Yan , Han Xiaojun , Städler Brigitte
Published: December 2017

The patterning of subcompartmentalized enzyme-loaded reactors is illustrated and the effect of triggered encapsulated catalysis on adhering cells is reported.
Metal organic framework-derived Zn1−xCox-ZIF@Zn1−xCoxO hybrid photocatalyst with enhanced photocatalytic activity through synergistic effect
Authors: Yang Xiaobing , Chen Juan , Hu Jiapeng , Zhao Shenyun , Zhao Jingyun , Luo Xuetao
Published: December 2017

A Zn1−xCox-ZIF@Zn1−xCoxO hybrid photocatalyst, doped with different amounts of Co, was successfully fabricated through a novel metal organic framework (MOF)-derived method.
Fe(ii) and Co(ii)N-methylated CYCLEN complexes as paraSHIFT agents with large temperature dependent shifts
Authors: Tsitovich Pavel B. , Tittiris Timothy Y. , Cox Jordan M. , Benedict Jason B. , Morrow Janet R.
Published: December 2017

Fe(ii) and Co(ii) complexes with two types of methyl groups function as paraSHIFT agents for temperature registration.
Effect of release of dopamine on iron transformations and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation under conditions typical of coastal waters
Authors: Sun Yingying , Pham A. Ninh , Waite T. David
Published: December 2017

Release of dopamine byUlvaria obscuravar.blyttiimay, allelopathically, assistUlvariagrowth by H2O2generation and benefit the bloom region through alleviation in iron stress and by mitigating the effects of other oxidative metabolites.
Luminescent cyclometallated platinum(ii) complexes: highly promising EGFR/DNA probes and dual-targeting anticancer agents
Authors: Zhang Yang , Luo Qun , Zheng Wei , Wang Zhaoying , Lin Yu , Zhang Erlong , Lü Shuang , Xiang Junfeng , Zhao Yao , Wang Fuyi
Published: December 2017

Cyclometallated platinum complexes bearing 4-anilinoquinazolines exhibit high potential as luminescent probes for EGFR/DNA in living cells and dual-targeting anticancer agents.
Slippery surface based on lubricant infused hierarchical silicon nanowire film
Authors: Hang Tian , Chen Hui-Jiuan , Yang Chengduan , Xiao Shuai , Liu Guishi , Lin Di-an , Tao Jun , Wu Jiangming , Yang Bo-ru , Xie Xi
Published: December 2017

Slippery surface based on lubricant infused hierarchical Si nanowire films was developed, which provided low contact angle with liquid droplet, while possessing liquid repellent property upon slight tilting.
Correction: Improved electromechanical properties of brominated butyl rubber filled with modified barium titanate
Authors: Ruan Mengnan , Yang Dan , Guo Wenli , Huang Shuo , Wu Yibo , Wang Hao , Wang Huaming , Zhang Liqun
Published: December 2017

Correction for ‘Improved electromechanical properties of brominated butyl rubber filled with modified barium titanate’ by Mengnan Ruan et al., RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 37148–37157.
Realization of a stable, monodisperse water-in-oil droplet system with micro-scale and nano-scale confinement for tandem microscopy and diffusion NMR studies
Authors: Palit Swomitra , Khajehpour Tadavani Somayeh , Yethiraj Anand
Published: December 2017

We study the dynamics of macromolecules in the presence of hierarchical confinement: in a nanometer-scale porous gel matrix and within stable and monodisperse micrometer-scale water-in-oil drops.
Unravelling cationic cellulose nanofibril hydrogel structure: NMR spectroscopy and small angle neutron scattering analyses
Authors: Courtenay James C. , Ramalhete Susana M. , Skuze William J. , Soni Rhea , Khimyak Yaroslav Z. , Edler Karen J. , Scott Janet L.
Published: December 2017

The structure of cationic cellulose nanofibril gels and changes in the nanoparticle form with varying chemical modification are revealed by neutron scattering, rheological and 1H NMR T1 relaxation time analyses.
Platinum loaded tin dioxide: a model system for unravelling the interplay between heterogeneous catalysis and gas sensing
Authors: Degler David , Müller Sabrina A. , Doronkin Dmitry E. , Wang Di , Grunwaldt Jan-Dierk , Weimar Udo , Barsan Nicolae
Published: December 2017

The presented work unravels the complex structure–function-relationships of Pt-loaded SnO2, namely the sensitization by a Fermi-control mechanism and relation of catalytic activity and gas sensing effect.