bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elementary Statistics for Public Administration
Authors: Scheller Daniel S.
Published: November 2024

Taking a simplified approach to statistics, this textbook teaches students the skills required to conduct and understand quantitative research. It provides basic mathematical instruction without compromising on analytical rigor, covering the essentials of research design; descriptive statistics; data visualization; and statistical tests including t-tests, chi-squares, ANOVAs, Wilcoxon tests, OLS regression, and logistic regression. Step-by-step instructions with screenshots are used to help students master the use of the freely accessible software R Commander. Ancillary resources include a solutions manual and figure files for instructors, and datasets and further guidance on using STATA and SPSS for students. Packed with examples and drawing on real-world data, this is an invaluable textbook for both undergraduate and graduate students in public administration and political science.
Polls, Pollsters, and Public Opinion
Authors: Young Clifford , Ziemer Kathryn
Published: November 2024

A vast literature exists on theories of public opinion - how to measure, analyze, predict, and influence it; however, there is no synthesis of best practices for interpreting public opinion: existing knowledge is disparate and spread across many disciplines. Polls, Pollsters, and Public Opinion presents a systematic analytical approach for understanding, predicting, and engaging public opinion. It tells the story through the eyes of the pollster and draws an analytical road map for examining public opinion, both conceptually and practically. Providing a theoretical and conceptual foundation, as well as debunking popular myths, this book delves into the science of polling, offering tools analysts can use to assess the quality of polls. It also introduces methods that can be used to predict elections and other socio-political outcomes while understanding the nuances of messaging, engaging, and moving public opinion.
Increased Occurrence of Large‐Scale Windthrows Across the Amazon Basin
Authors: Urquiza‐Muñoz J. David , Trumbore Susan , Negrón‐Juárez Robinson I. , Feng Yanlei , Brenning Alexander , Vasquez‐Parana C. Michael , Marra Daniel Magnabosco
Published: November 2024

Convective storms with strong downdrafts create windthrows: snapped and uprooted trees that locally alter the structure, composition, and carbon balance of forests. Comparing Landsat imagery from subsequent years, we documented temporal and spatial variation in the occurrence of large (≥30 ha) windthrows across the Amazon basin from 1985 to 2020. Over 33 individual years, we detected 3179 large windthrows. Windthrow density was greatest in the central and western Amazon regions, with ∼33% of all events occurring in ∼3% of the monitored area. Return intervals for large windthrows in the same location of these “hotspot” regions are centuries to millennia, while over the rest of the Amazon they are >10,000 years. Our data demonstrate a nearly 4‐fold increase in windthrow number and affected area between 1985 (78 windthrows and 6,900 ha) and 2020 (264 events and 32,170 ha), with more events of >500 ha size since 1990. Such extremely large events (>500 ha up to 2,543 ha) are responsible for interannual variation in the overall median (84 ± 5.2 ha; ±95% CI) and mean (147 ± 13 ha) windthrow area, but we did not find significant temporal trends in the size distribution of windthrows with time. Our results document increased damage from convective storms over the past 40 years in the Amazon, filling a gap in temporal records for tropical regions. Our publicly accessible large windthrow database provides a valuable tool for exploring dynamic conditions leading to damaging storms and their ecological impact on Amazon forests.
Observational Evidence of Negative Leader Reactivation Processes Following a Negative Return Stroke in Lightning Discharges
Authors: Chen Huaifei , Chen Weijiang , Wang Yu , Xiang Nianwen , Li Kejie , Fu Zhong , He Hengxin , Xiao Lilang
Published: November 2024

High‐time‐resolved mapping results of two rare reactivation processes following a negative return stroke are discovered and analyzed. The reactivation processes can be roughly divided into two different stages. At first, positive discharges occurred for tens of milliseconds in a limited space near a decayed negative leader channel. The discharges produced no detectable electric field change. Then, negative discharges started and propagated along the decayed downward negative leader channels at a speed exceeding 106 m/s for a few microseconds and produced negative electric field changes. The analysis reveals that the reactivation processes are physically distinct from recoil leaders and side discharges regarding propagation behaviors, electromagnetic characteristics, and time scales. The possible mechanisms of the processes are discussed. The observation suggests that the reactivation processes of the negative leaders may lead to subsequent return strokes.
Contrasting Response of Mesoscale Convective Systems Occurrence Over Tropical Land and Ocean to Increased Sea Surface Temperature
Authors: Dong Wenhao , Zhao Ming , Harris Lucas , Cheng Kai‐Yuan , Zhou Linjiong , Ramaswamy V.
Published: November 2024

Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are pivotal in global energy/water cycles and typically produce extreme weather events. Despite their importance, our understanding of their future change remains limited, largely due to inadequate representation in current climate models. Here, using a global storm‐resolving model that accurately simulates MCSs, we conclude contrasting responses to increased SST in their occurrence, that is, notable decreases over land but increases over ocean. This land‐ocean contrast is attributed to the changes in convective available potential energy (CAPE) and convective inhibition (CIN). Over land, notable rises in CIN alongside moderate increases in CAPE effectively suppress (favor) weak to moderate (intense) MCSs, resulting in an overall reduction in MCS occurrences. In contrast, substantial increases in CAPE with minimal changes in CIN over ocean contribute to a significant rise in MCS occurrences. The divergent response in MCS occurrence has profound impacts on both mean and extreme precipitation.
On the Response of Protons to Dynamical Reconfigurations of Mercury's Magnetosphere
Authors: Delcourt D. , Hadid L. Z. , Aizawa S.
Published: November 2024

We examine the dynamics of protons during tail‐like to dipole‐like reconfigurations of Mercury's magnetosphere. Such reconfigurations that frequently occur in the highly dynamical Hermean environment are accompanied by induced electric fields leading to short‐lived convection enhancements. Using test particle calculations, we show that, under the effect of such induced electric fields, protons may be subjected to prominent energization while being injected into the inner magnetosphere. We demonstrate that this energization occurs in a nonadiabatic manner and can reach several tens of keV, possibly leading to particle trapping around the planet. Recent observations from BepiColombo during Mercury's third flyby provide evidences of energetic protons drifting in the vicinity of the planet. The present impulsive energization process is a possible mechanism for the build‐up of such populations.
Effect of Regional Anthropogenic Aerosols on Tropical Cyclone Frequency of Occurrence
Authors: Murakami Hiroyuki
Published: November 2024

Previous studies have highlighted the distinct impacts of anthropogenic aerosols from the Western and Eastern Hemispheres on past multi‐decadal changes in tropical cyclone frequency of occurrence (TCF). However, the detailed effect of subregional aerosol variations remained unclear. Using idealized simulations with a dynamical climate model, this study reveals that reduced aerosol emissions from Europe and the U.S. since 1980 may have equally contributed to increased TCF over the North Atlantic, with Europe playing a major role in the decreased TCF in the South Indian Ocean and the U.S. contributing to the decrease in TCF in the South Pacific. Additionally, increased aerosol emissions from India since 1980 may have played a major role in decreasing TCF over the western North Pacific compared to increased emissions from China. TCFs are projected to decrease for most global tropics toward the end of this century due to the dominant effect of increasing greenhouse gases.
Nitrogen Fixation at Paleo‐Mars in an Icy Atmosphere
Authors: Adams Danica , Kleinböhl Armin , Li King‐Fai , Mills Franklin P. , Shia Run‐Lie , Wordsworth Robin , Yung Yuk L.
Published: November 2024

Recent findings of NO near Gale Crater on Mars have been explained by two pathways: formation of nitric acid (HNO3) in a warm climate or formation of peroxynitric acid (HO2NO2) in a cool climate. Here, we put forth two hitherto unexplored pathways: (a) deposition of nitric/peroxynitric acid onto ice particles in a cold atmosphere, which settle quickly onto Mars' surface and (b) solar energetic particle‐induced production of nitric/peroxynitric acid. The deposition rates are enhanced and NO production is more efficient under the higher atmospheric pressures typical of Mars' ancient atmosphere. Depending on the unknown rate at which nitric/peroxynitric acid is lost from the surface, the new pathways could result in larger NO‐levels than those detected by the Mars Science Laboratory. We predict a 2:1 ratio of nitrite:nitrate would have deposited in cool surface climates with an icy atmosphere, whereas orders of magnitude more nitrate than nitrite is expected from warm surface climates.
Mechanisms Regulating Coccolithophore Dynamics in the Great Calcite Belt in the Southern Ocean in the Community Earth System Model
Authors: Oliver H. , Krumhardt K. M. , McGillicuddy D. J. , Mitchell C. , Balch W. M.
Published: November 2024

The Great Calcite Belt (GCB) is a region of elevated particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) generated by coccolithophore growth that spans the subantarctic Southern Ocean. The GCB is thought to play an important role in the global carbon cycle. Coccolithophores, however, are sensitive to multiple climate‐related environmental factors. To understand these controls on Southern Ocean coccolithophores comprising the GCB, we explore its major bottom‐up and top‐down processes using the Community Earth System Model (CESM). We find that coccolithophore biomass accumulates where both macronutrients and iron are available at concentrations greater than ∼50% of their half‐saturation constants, and temperature is more limiting than both light and nutrients. Coccolithophore biomass is decoupled from growth rates due to top‐down control. At higher temperatures and lower latitudes, microzooplankton grazing outpaces coccolithophore growth. This occurs because the temperature dependence of grazing is parameterized with an exponential (Q10) function, whereas coccolithophore growth is parameterized with a power function; these temperature curves diverge at higher temperatures. While the extent of the GCB is primarily controlled by temperature, its magnitude is most strongly controlled by environmental factors affecting iron concentrations. Our results suggest that (a) the temperature relationships for both coccolithophore growth and its loss terms are critical for resolving a GCB in CESM, and (b) the spatial extent of Southern Ocean coccolithophores may be sensitive to continued increases in sea surface temperatures.
Historical Simulation and Future Projection of Arctic‐Boreal Fire Carbon Emissions and Related Surface Climate by 17 CMIP6 ESMs
Authors: Dong Xiao , Luo Hao , Xu Chao , You Chao , Song Xiang , Jin Jiangbo , Lin Renping , Zhang He , Xue Feng
Published: November 2024

Wildfire is a crucial factor in influencing the earth system. Wildfire activities in the Arctic‐boreal region have received increasing attention particularly with increasing frequency and intensity under rapid climate warming in recent years. In this study, the historical simulation and future projection of the Arctic‐boreal fire carbon emissions and associated surface climate conditions (surface air temperature and precipitation) are examined using 17 CMIP6 Earth System Models. For the historical period, more than half (11 out of 17) of the models underestimate ∼40% of the observed annual mean fire carbon emissions in the Arctic‐boreal region (0.20 PgC/yr) due to a wetter bias in the Arctic‐boreal regions. Spatially, there is common underestimation of the fire centers in the eastern part of Eurasian Continent and overestimation of that in Europe. With respect to the model spread, it mainly shows large spread for fire carbon emissions (surface air temperature) in Europe (high‐latitudes). For the future projection, the fire carbon emissions in the Arctic‐boreal region is projected to exceed 100% (0.5 PgC/yr until the end of the 21st century compared with ∼0.2 PgC/yr at present). The projected precipitation and temperature in the Arctic‐boreal region land also show an upward trend during the 21st century (∼31% for annual mean precipitation and ∼10°C for surface air temperature). There are considerable bias and intra‐model spread among different models in both historical simulation and future projection.
Multiple Impact Sources for Light Plains Around the Lunar South Pole
Authors: Giuri Barbara , van der Bogert Carolyn H. , Robinson Mark S. , Hiesinger Harald
Published: November 2024

We investigated the age and origin of 41 light plain deposits around the lunar south pole, using LRO data sets and successfully dated 22 of them using crater size‐frequency distribution measurements. We find that deposits related to Schrödinger basin are ∼3.8 Ga old, including deposits on the Amundsen crater floor, which we interpret as Schrödinger basin ejecta. Six study areas date to ∼3.7 Ga, which reflect an additional large‐scale or basin impact event post‐Schrödinger ‐ possibly Orientale. An additional two areas with younger isolated ages likely represent local impact sources. Finally, smooth, light plains‐like, ejecta deposits around Shackleton crater were found to be Eratosthenian in age. Our findings show that light plain deposits originate from a combination of both basin and local ejecta materials. Thus, samples collected in the region will exhibit a diverse range of basin materials and ages representative of the ejecta from multiple impact events.
Limited Organic Carbon Burial by the Rusty Carbon Sink in Swedish Fjord Sediments
Authors: Placitu S. , van de Velde S. J. , Hylén A. , Hall P. O. J. , Robertson E. K. , Eriksson M. , Leermakers M. , Mehta N. , Bonneville S.
Published: November 2024

Marine sediments bury ∼160 Tg of organic carbon (OC) annually and represent an essential component of the global carbon cycle. OC burial is inherently multifactorial; however, in the past decade, the role of iron in regulating OC burial via the formation of organo‐mineral associations, known as “rusty carbon sink,” has been extensively studied. Despite widespread recognition, the origin of the OC preserved within these associations and the effect of the bottom‐water oxygenation on their stability are still debated. Here, we investigate the rusty carbon sink in sediments collected across transects from the head to mouth of three Swedish fjords presenting contrasting bottom‐water oxygenation regimes (the oxic Hake fjord, seasonally hypoxic Gullmar fjord, and anoxic By fjord). We found that the oxygenation regimes, the intensity of benthic iron cycling or the OC origin have little to no influence on the amount of OC bound to Fe (OC – Fe). The lack of correlation with any of the parameters studied, in combination with an increase in the OC – Fe in the fjords with riverine input suggest, at least partially, an allochthonous origin of these organo‐mineral associations. Our results also show that the rusty carbon sink plays a modest role in the OC burial in these fjords (∼6% OC is bound to Fe). While these fjords still represent important OC burial hotspots with an average of ∼35 g C m−2 buried annually, the OC burial is controlled by other sedimentary processes, such as the high mass accumulation rates found in these fjord systems.
Estimates of Spherical Satellite Drag Coefficients in the Upper Thermosphere During Different Geomagnetic Conditions
Authors: Wang Xin , Ren Tingling , Wang Ronglan , Luo Bingxian , Aa Ercha , Cai Lei , Li Ming , Miao Juan , Liu Siqing , Gong Jiancun
Published: November 2024

Satellite drag coefficients are crucial for determining the neutral mass densities that affect spacecraft operations in the thermosphere. Many studies typically utilize a constant drag coefficient of 2.2 to calculate the neutral density. However, due to the variability of space environment, uncertainties in the drag coefficient can lead to significant systematic discrepancies in neutral density measurements. Satellite drag coefficient may fluctuate in the thermosphere under various geomagnetic activities and altitudes. For the first time, we calculate the spherical satellite drag coefficient using data from the “Orbital Atmospheric Density Detection Experimental Satellite,” referred to as the QX satellite. Our findings reveal that the drag coefficient can be estimated by thermospheric temperature and density, which are dependent on geomagnetic activity and altitude. At an altitude of ∼510 km, drag coefficients are adjusted to around 2.425, instead of the constant value of 2.2. Furthermore, the drag coefficient may decrease due to the significant influence of increasing geomagnetic activity, such as geomagnetic storms, on thermospheric density and temperature. These estimates of the drag coefficient can also be used to reduce discrepancies when deducing the ballistic coefficient. Consequently, using the estimated drag coefficient can accurately determine the QX‐derived neutral density, which agrees well with the density from Swarm‐B satellite.
The Flores Thrust and Its Interplay With Volcanism
Authors: Andikagumi H. , Bradley K.
Published: November 2024

The 2018 Lombok, Indonesia, earthquake sequence demonstrated the important interplay between the deep root of an active volcano and rupture patterns on the Flores Thrust. This backarc fault runs along the north side of the Lesser Sunda Islands and is co‐located with several other large volcanoes that also likely influence its seismogenic zone. As a first step toward better understanding these fault‐volcano interactions, we construct a new 3D model of the Flores Thrust using relocated seismicity and geological constraints. We then develop simple thermal models of the volcanoes and map their interaction with the seismogenic zone of the Flores Thrust. The geometry of our preferred fault model varies along strike, with southward dips ranging from 25° to 32° in eastern Java to Bali, 7°–38° in eastern Bali to western Sumbawa, 31°–47° in eastern Sumbawa to Komodo, 41°–54° in western Flores, and 31°–38° in eastern Flores. Our models exhibit flat‐ramp geometry between eastern Bali and western Sumbawa, corresponding to the extent of the North Bali‐Lombok Basin where its basement acts as a thrust décollement; farther east, the fault is a simple ramp. The maximum seismogenic depth is approximated based on the estimated depth of the 450°C isotherm, which varies depending on the presence of volcanoes. The complex geological history in the region, involving rifting and tectonic inversion, controls the segmented and varying dips of the thrust. Moreover, the progressive growth of the Flores Thrust and the evolution of arc volcanism would also mutually influence each other, modifying both fault geometry and volcano distributions.
Proteogenomic analysis dissects early-onset breast cancer patients with prognostic relevance
Authors: Yoon Kyong-Ah , Kim Youngwook , Jung So-Youn , Ryu Jin-Sun , Kim Kyung-Hee , Lee Eun-Gyeong , Chae Heejung , Kwon Youngmee , Kim Jaegil , Park Jong Bae , Kong Sun-Young
Published: November 2024

Early-onset breast cancer is known for its aggressive clinical characteristics and high prevalence in East Asian countries, but a comprehensive understanding of its molecular features is still lacking. In this study, we conducted a proteogenomic analysis of 126 treatment-naïve primary tumor tissues obtained from Korean patients with young breast cancer (YBC) aged ≤40 years. By integrating genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data, we identified five distinct functional subgroups that accurately represented the clinical characteristics and biological behaviors of patients with YBC. Our integrated approach could be used to determine the proteogenomic status of HER2, enhancing its clinical significance and prognostic value. Furthermore, we present a proteome-based homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) analysis that has the potential to overcome the limitations of conventional genomic HRD tests, facilitating the identification of new patient groups requiring targeted HR deficiency treatments. Additionally, we demonstrated that protein–RNA correlations can be used to predict the late recurrence of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Within each molecular subtype of breast cancer, we identified functionally significant protein groups whose differential abundance was closely correlated with the clinical progression of breast cancer. Furthermore, we derived a recurrence predictive index capable of predicting late recurrence, specifically in luminal subtypes, which plays a crucial role in guiding decisions on treatment durations for YBC patients. These findings improve the stratification and clinical implications for patients with YBC by contributing to the optimal adjuvant treatment and duration for favorable clinical outcomes.
Interplay between membranes and biomolecular condensates in the regulation of membrane-associated cellular processes
Authors: Kim Nari , Yun Hyeri , Lee Hojin , Yoo Joo-Yeon
Published: November 2024

Liquid‒liquid phase separation (LLPS) has emerged as a key mechanism for organizing cellular spaces independent of membranes. Biomolecular condensates, which assemble through LLPS, exhibit distinctive liquid droplet-like behavior and can exchange constituents with their surroundings. The regulation of condensate phases, including transitions from a liquid state to gel or irreversible aggregates, is important for their physiological functions and for controlling pathological progression, as observed in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. While early studies on biomolecular condensates focused primarily on those in fluidic environments such as the cytosol, recent discoveries have revealed their existence in close proximity to, on, or even comprising membranes. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the properties of membrane-associated condensates in a cellular context and their biological functions in relation to membranes.
Assessing the evidence for health benefits of low-level weight loss: a systematic review
Authors: Dhar Disha , Packer Jessica , Michalopoulou Semina , Cruz Joana , Stansfield Claire , Viner Russell M. , Mytton Oliver T. , Russell Simon J.
Published: November 2024

Individuals with excess weight are at a higher risk for various physical and mental health conditions. Interventions targeting weight loss can improve health, with modest weight loss of five to ten percent of body weight often considered clinically meaningful for enhancing health outcomes. However, the benefits of achieving low-level weight loss ( < 5% body weight) are poorly understood. We aimed to systematically review relevant literature and synthesise the evidence that assessed the potential health benefits of losing less than five percent body weight. We searched seven academic databases and included studies in any language, from any country, with no time constraints. We included any intervention studies that assessed the impact of less than five percent weight loss on any measured physical or mental health markers or indices. 70 studies from 68 articles were included, with study participants ranging from 14 to 10,742. In total, 137 health markers were assessed, categorised into metabolic markers (n = 42), cardiovascular markers (n = 32), anthropometric measures (n = 19), quality of life indices (n = 10), inflammatory biomarkers (n = 10), renal and hepatic markers (n = 9), psychosocial and behavioural measures (n = 8), pulmonary function (n = 3), total mortality (n = 2), ovulatory function (n = 1), and muscle strength (n = 1). Overall, 60% of studies reported improvements, 37% found no change or mixed results, and 3% observed a worsening of health markers or indices. Based on the available data, 87% of participants (n = 15,839) in the studies reported improvements in health markers or indices as a result of low-level weight loss. Our findings suggest that low-level weight loss can lead to various health benefits and challenges the conventional threshold for effective weight loss.

Preregistration The review protocol was pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023406342)
Rapid-response, low-detection-limit, positive-negative air pressure sensing: GaN chips integrated with hydrophobic PDMS films
Authors: Gui Sizhe , Yu Binlu , Luo Yumeng , Chen Liang , Li Kwai Hei
Published: November 2024

Despite the importance of positive and negative pressure sensing in numerous domains, the availability of a single sensing unit adept at handling this dual task remains highly limited. This study introduces a compact optical device capable of swiftly and precisely detecting positive and negative pressures ranging from −35 kPa to 35 kPa. The GaN chip, which serves as a core component of the device, is monolithically integrated with light-emitting and light-detecting elements. By combining a deformable PDMS film coated with a hydrophobic layer, the chip can respond to changes in optical reflectance induced by pressure fluctuations. The integrated sensing device has low detection limits of 4.3 Pa and −7.8 Pa and fast response times of 0.14 s and 0.22 s for positive and negative pressure variations, respectively. The device also demonstrates adaptability in capturing distinct human breathing patterns. The proposed device, characterized by its compactness, responsiveness, and ease of operation, holds promise for a variety of pressure-sensing applications.
Attosecond transient interferometry
Authors: Kneller Omer , Mor Chen , Klimkin Nikolai D. , Yaffe Noa , Krüger Michael , Azoury Doron , Uzan-Narovlansky Ayelet J. , Federman Yotam , Rajak Debobrata , Bruner Barry D. , Smirnova Olga , Patchkovskii Serguei , Mairesse Yann , Ivanov Misha , Dudovich Nirit
Published: November 2024

Attosecond transient absorption resolves the instantaneous response of a quantum system as it interacts with a laser field, by mapping its sub-cycle dynamics onto the absorption spectrum of attosecond pulses. However, the quantum dynamics are imprinted in the amplitude, phase and polarization state of the attosecond pulses. Here we introduce attosecond transient interferometry and measure the transient phase, as we follow its evolution within the optical cycle. We demonstrate how such phase information enables us to decouple the multiple quantum paths induced in a light-driven system, isolating their coherent contribution and retrieving their temporal evolution. Applying attosecond transient interferometry reveals the Stark shift dynamics in helium and retrieves long-term electronic coherences in neon. Finally, we present a vectorial generalization of our scheme, theoretically demonstrating the ability to isolate the underlying anomalous current in light-driven topological materials. Our scheme provides a direct insight into the interplay of light-induced dynamics and topology. Attosecond transient interferometry holds the potential to considerably extend the scope of attosecond metrology, revealing the underlying coherences in light-driven complex systems.
New mitochondrial genomes of three whip spider species from the Amazon (Arachnida, Amblypygi) with phylogenetic relationships and comparative analysis
Authors: Nogueira Acácio Freitas , Pires Eder S. , Oliveira Guilherme , Trevelin Leonardo Carreira , Vasconcelos Santelmo
Published: November 2024

The complete mitochondrial genomes of the whip spiders Charinus carajas, C. ferreus, and Heterophrynus longicornis were sequenced, annotated, and compared with other mitogenomes of whip spiders and arachnids. The three new mitogenomes have the 37 genes usually observed in Metazoa: 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), plus a non-coding control region (CR). Most PCGs presented an ATN start codon, except cox1 in both Charinus species, initiating with TTA. Most PCGs terminated with stop codons TAA or TAG, except nad5 of C. carajas and cox3 of H. longicornis, which presented an incomplete stop codon (T). The Ka/Ks ratios were less than one for all the PCGs, indicating these genes are under purifying selection. All the tRNAs, except for serine 1 (trnS1), had the typical cloverleaf-shaped secondary structure. All the phylogenetic analyses resolved Charinus carajas and C. ferreus as monophyletic groups. Nonetheless, we did not recover the monophyly of Heterophrynus longicornis. The phylogenies under partitioned models did not recover suprageneric taxonomic groups as clades, but the Bayesian inference under the CAT infinite mixture model recovered the family Phrynidae and the superfamily Phrynoidea as monophyletic groups.
A hybrid technique to enhance the rainfall-runoff prediction of physical and data-driven model: a case study of Upper Narmada River Sub-basin, India
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Choudhary Mahendra Kumar , Thomas T.
Published: November 2024

Accurate streamflow prediction is crucial for effective water resource management and planning. This study aims to enhance streamflow simulation accuracy in the data-scarce Upper Narmada River Basin (UNB) by proposing a novel hybrid approach, ANNHybrid, which combines a physically-based model (WEAP) with a data-driven model (ANN). The WEAP model was calibrated and validated using observed streamflow data, while the ANN model was trained and tested using meteorological variables and simulated streamflow. The ANNHybrid model integrates simulated flow from both WEAP and ANN to improve prediction accuracy. The results demonstrate that the ANNHybrid model outperforms the standalone WEAP and ANN models, with higher NSE values of 95.5% and 92.3% during training and testing periods, respectively, along with an impressive R2 value of 0.96. The improved streamflow predictions can support better decision-making related to water allocation, reservoir operations, and flood and drought risk assessment. The novelty of this research lies in the development of the ANNHybrid model, which leverages the strengths of both physically-based and data-driven approaches to enhance streamflow simulation accuracy in data-limited regions. The proposed methodology offers a promising tool for sustainable water management strategies in the UNB and other similar catchments.
Invariant solutions, lie symmetry analysis, bifurcations and nonlinear dynamics of the Kraenkel-Manna-Merle system with and without damping effect
Authors: Aldwoah Khaled , Ahmad Shabir , Alqarni Faez , Younis Jihad , Hashim Hussam E. , Hleili Manel
Published: November 2024

This work investigates the Kraenkel-Manna-Merle (KMM) system, which models the nonlinear propagation of short waves in saturated ferromagnetic materials subjected to an external magnetic field, despite the absence of electrical conductivity. The study aims to explore and derive new solitary wave solutions for this system using two distinct methodological approaches. In the first approach, the KMM system is transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) via Lie group transformation. The resulting ODEs are then solved analytically using a similarity invariant approach, leading to the discovery of various types of solitary wave solutions, including bright, dark, and exponential solitons. The second approach involves applying wave and Galilean transformations to reduce the KMM system to a system of two ODEs, both with and without damping effects. This reduced system is further analyzed to investigate its bifurcation behavior, sensitivity to initial conditions, and chaotic dynamics. The analysis reveals the presence of strange multi-scroll chaotic dynamics in the presence of damping and off-boosting dynamics without damping. In addition to these approaches, the study also applies the planar dynamical theory to obtain further new soliton solutions of the KMM system. These solitons include bright, kink, dark, and periodic solutions, each of which has been visualized through 3D and 2D graphs. The results of this research provide new insights into the dynamics of the KMM system, with potential applications in magnetic data storage, magnonic devices, material science, and spintronics.
Humans underestimate the movement range of their own hands
Authors: Pilacinski Artur , Vandenberghe Antoine , Andrietta Gabriella , Vannuscorps Gilles
Published: November 2024

Motor planning and motor imagery are assumed to use veridical internal representations of the biomechanical properties of our limbs. Here, we report that people underestimate their hands’ range of motion. We used two tasks probing representations of own motion range, estimation and imagery, in which participants were supposed to judge their rotational hand movement ranges. In both tasks participants’ judgments were underestimated in three out of four cardinal directions. We suggest that this representational bias provides an optimal balance between movement efficiency and safety in face of the inherently stochastic nature of movement execution.
Thiol–Ene/Yne Click Chemistry in Polymer Science
Authors: Ghosh Desoshree , Bag Sagar , De Priyadarsi
Published: November 2024

In this chapter, we have discussed the history of the resurgence of thiol–ene/yne click chemistry in polymer science along with their mechanistic pathways under radical conditions either thermally or photochemically initiated. The recent instances of the utilization of the thiol–ene/yne click reaction for synthesis of polymeric networks, linear and hyperbranched polymers, and dendrimers are highlighted. Stereo-selective polymer synthesis via thiol–yne click polymerization is an important recent development that has also been discussed thoroughly. For the synthesis aspect, a catalyst-free greener approach is given priority along with the utilization of renewable resources, which is also a future direction for the synthesis of sustainable and environment-friendly polymer design. We anticipate that this contribution will provide a foundation to sketch the next-generation polymeric materials via thiol–ene/yne click chemistry for various applications, such as drug-delivery vehicles, biomaterials, high refractive index optical materials, photovoltaic materials, adhesives and coatings.
Triazolinedione-based Click Reactions in Polymer Science
Authors: Kumari Sulbha , Chattopadhyay Subrata
Published: November 2024

1,2,4-Triazoline-3,5-dione (TAD) derivatives are characteristically red (or pink) colored heterocyclic compounds, which are well known for their high reactivity towards π-electron rich systems, such as dienes, anthracene, indoles, naphthalenes, etc. via different Diels–Alder, Alder-ene, cycloaddition and electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) reactions. Among various other reactive molecules, TAD-based reactions surely deserve special attention due to their efficient orthogonal clicking and the variety of reactions that are possible using such molecules. Besides simple irreversible clicking and post-functionalization, the chemoselective reactivity of TAD with biologically important units like tyrosine and tryptophan present in the amino acids via EAS makes this TAD-click reaction an important tool for bioconjugation with small molecules, peptides, etc. The possibility of reversible TAD-click reactions with selective functionalities like substituted indoles, furans, anthracene and naphthalene makes this chemistry effective for designing various dynamic materials. In this chapter, we provide a brief overview of the different reactions possible with such molecules and their uses in polymer science for desired end applications.
Applications of SuFEx Click Chemistry in Polymer Science
Authors: Xu Long , Dong Jiajia
Published: November 2024

Sulfur(vi) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) was identified as another embodiment of click chemistry by Sharpless and colleagues in 2014. Since its discovery, SuFEx click chemistry has sparked numerous applications in synthetic chemistry, chemical biology, polymer science, etc. This chapter introduces the use of SuFEx to prepare functional polymers and the post-modification of polymers. We believe that the simplicity, practicality and the orthogonal nature of SuFEx click chemistry, along with the 3D connectivity of the –S(vi)– node, will provide exciting new opportunities in polymer science.
Conclusions and Perspectives
Authors: Mondal Prantik , Hoogenboom Richard , Singha Nikhil K.
Published: November 2024

This chapter includes an overall conclusion about the content of this book and the future outlook of click chemistry in polymer science. Click chemistry has developed from an interesting fundamental concept to being an established synthetic toolbox for polymer chemists to design functional materials with well-defined architecture and tailored properties. The Noble Prize in Chemistry awarded in 2022 to the scientists Carolyn Bertozzi, Morten Meldal, and Barry Sharpless underscores its impact on the scientific research community. This book exemplifies the all-encompassing role of click chemistry in the field of polymer science by compiling contributions from experts across the globe, affiliated with academia and/or industry, working on diverse areas of polymer materials, and regular users of click systems. Based on a large volume of articles, communications, and reviews on the topic of click chemistry in polymer science and their increasing number of page hits, downloads, and citations, it is obvious that there has been an ever-growing interest in this subject. Perhaps click chemistry has had a more profound influence on polymer chemistry than on the synthesis of biologically active molecules for which the concept was originally developed. Here, we discuss the existing potential challenges, outlook, and new opportunities that require further investigation and can be considered as future research goals in the area. Interested readers are advised to use the cited literature for further tutorial information about the significance of click chemistry in polymer science.
Electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on a novel heterostructured Fe-MIL-88@1T-MoS2 dual-nanozyme with high peroxidase-like activity for the sensitive detection of NT-proBNP
Authors: Jiang Xinya , Su Weidan , Shi Wenbing , Wang Huijun
Published: November 2024

A novel heterostructured Fe-MIL-88@1T-MoS2 dual-nanozyme with superior peroxidase-like activity was synthesized to fabricate an electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for ultra-sensitive detection of NT-proBNP.
Bioinspired hydrogels: polymeric designs towards artificial photosynthesis
Authors: Hagiwara Reina , Yoshida Ryo , Okeyoshi Kosuke
Published: November 2024

This Feature Article outlines the design of polymer networks for water splitting induced by visible light to develop artificial chloroplasts. The network serves as a mediator for photoinduced electron transfer among precisely organised molecules.
What could be the low-temperature limit of atomic layer deposition of platinum using MeCpPtMe3 and oxygen?
Authors: Van Bui Hao , Nguyen Anh Phan , Dang Manh Duc , Dinh Truong Duc , Kooyman Patricia J. , Ruud Van Ommen J.
Published: November 2024

Room-temperature atmospheric-pressure ALD enables the deposition of highly dispersed Pt sub-nanometer clusters on a gram-scale quantity of TiO2 nanopowder.
Enhanced ORR activity of carbon defects via substituent-modulated electronic perturbation
Authors: Han Yun , Mao Xin , Yan Xuecheng , Wu Qilong , Fang Qingchao , Yin Hanqing , Jia Yi , Li Qin , Yao Xiangdong , Du Aijun
Published: November 2024

Fine-tuning of the pz orbital of carbon defects by ligand-modulated electronic perturbation can lead to peak ORR catalytic activity.
Bidirectional strain release in a thermosalient organic salt crystal induced by anisotropic thermal expansion and phase transformation
Authors: Harsha Priyasha , Das Dinabandhu
Published: November 2024

Two-way release of strain followed by jumping in an organic salt crystal can be attributed to the anisotropic thermal expansion by heating and phase transformation followed by shear deformation of the crystals by cooling.
Synthesis, crystal structures and luminescence properties of Zn(ii) and Cd(ii) coordination compounds assembled from flexible bis(quinolyl) ligands with symmetrical spacers: the influence of coordinated anions
Authors: Zhang Guoqiang , Pan Rongkai , Liu Shenggui , Chen Huihui
Published: November 2024

Seven discrete compounds demonstrate that the diverse coordinating counterions and the different coordination modes of the iodide anion are advantageous in modulating the structures of the resulting coordination compounds.
Correction: Spin-dependent Seebeck effect in zigzag-edge antimonene nanoribbons
Authors: Lin Liyan , Jiang Yue , Gao Xinyi , Guo Yandong , Zeng Hongli , Yan Xiaohong
Published: November 2024

Correction for ‘Spin-dependent Seebeck effect in zigzag-edge antimonene nanoribbons’ by Liyan Lin et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2024, 26, 25599–25606, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4CP02713B.
Theoretical calculation-driven rational screening of d-block single-atom electrocatalysts based on d–p orbital hybridization for durable aqueous zinc–iodine batteries
Authors: Yang Jin , Kang Yuanhong , Meng Fanxiang , Meng Weiwei , Chen Guanhong , Zhang Minghao , Lv Zeheng , Wen Zhipeng , Li Cheng Chao , Zhao Jinbao , Yang Yang
Published: November 2024

Nb–NC single-atom electrocatalysts are rationally screened by theoretical calculations based on d–p orbital hybridization towards long-lasting aqueous Zn–I2 batteries.
Spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the middle reaches of the Huai River in a dry season
Authors: Song Han , Gao Liangmin , Xu Jing , Zhu Limei , Shu Xin , Xia Jieyu , Zhang Kai , Wu Lin
Published: November 2024

Characteristics of DOM during the dry season.
CdS/Mg–Fe layered double hydroxide: a versatile heterogeneous photocatalyst for the acylation of indoles with α-keto acids
Authors: Wang Jun-Bo , Yue Tong , Xu Ling , Hao Zhi-Qiang , Zhang Zhan-Hui
Published: November 2024

The composite CdS/Mg–Fe layered double hydroxide was constructed and confirmed as an efficient recyclable heterogeneous photocatalyst for C-3 acylation of indoles with α-keto acids under light irradiation at room temperature.
Evaluation of the polyphenol content, antioxidant activity, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of ethanol/water extracts of rhizomes of Vietnamese Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa, Alpinia officinarum, and Boesenbergia pandurata
Authors: Thy Lu Thi Mong , Phuong Dang Thuy , Tien Nguyen Thi Thuy , Cuc Tran Thi Thu , Nhung Nguyen Thi Ai , Le Hanh Ngoc Thi
Published: November 2024

In this study, total polyphenol content, antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of rhizomes of four Vietnamese plants of the Zingiberaceae family were determined.
Synthesis and study of donor–acceptor conjugated polymers based on the dithienopyrrolobenzothiadiazole unit via a metal free aldol condensation polymerization strategy and their SCLC hole mobilities
Authors: Patel Prerak R. , Patel Mayur J. , Iyer Parameswar K. , Zade Sanjio S. , Patel Arun L.
Published: November 2024

Dithienopyrrolobenzothiadiazole-based donor–acceptor conjugated polymers and their SCLC hole mobilities.
Polylactic acid/chitosan-IKVAV Janus film serving as a dual functional platform for spinal cord injury repair
Authors: Yu Liyang , Jin Haoyong , Xia He , Wang Xiaoxiong , Wang Liang , Li Dezheng , Zhao Jiangli , Sang Yuanhua , Qiu Jichuan , Lu Ning , Liu Hong , Yang Ning
Published: November 2024

Schematic showing the PLA/CS-IKVAV Janus film for promoting neuronal differentiation and SCI repair.
Two sides of the coin: synthesis and applications of Janus particles
Authors: Li Yifan , Liu Fei , Demirci Serkan , Dey Utsav Kumar , Rawah Thamer , Chaudary Aneeba , Ortega Ricardo , Yang Zhengtao , Pirhadi Emad , Huang Bingrui , Yong Xin , Jiang Shan
Published: November 2024

This review highlights recent advances in the synthesis techniques, morphology control, and emerging applications of Janus particles, serving as a roadmap to guide their design and future applications.
Facile access to trifluoromethyl propargyl alcohol by metal-free transfer hydrogenation and cyanation of alkynyl ketones
Authors: Ajitrao Kisan Devadkar , Paul Ishita , Dey Soumyadip , Sau Abhijit , Panda Tarun K.
Published: November 2024

An efficient route to the metal-free hydroboration and cyanosilylation of a wide range of alkynyl trifluoromethyl ketones using HBpin and trimethylsilyl cyanide under mild reaction conditions at ambient temperature with higher yields is reported.
Recent advances in photocatalytic and transition metal-catalyzed synthesis of disulfide compounds
Authors: Tu Jia-Lin
Published: November 2024

Reviewing photocatalytic and metal-catalyzed disulfide synthesis, 2021–2024, emphasizes efficiency, selectivity, sustainability for drug and material science.
An NNN Pd(ii) pincer complex with 1,1-diaminoazine: a versatile catalyst for acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling reactions
Authors: Wani Aabid A. , Bhujbal Shivkanya Madhavrao , Sherpa Deekey , Kathuria Deepika , Chourasiya Sumit S. , Sahoo Subash C. , Bharatam Prasad V.
Published: November 2024

An azine-based, non-palindromic, neutral NNN-pincer ligand was synthesised in a single step with a yield of 85%.
Visible light-driven and substrate-promoted alkenyltrifluoromethylation of alkenes to synthesize CF3-functionalized 1,4-naphthoquinones
Authors: Tang Lin , Jia Fengjuan , Yu Ruijun , Zhang Lufang , Zhou Qiuju
Published: November 2024

A visible light-driven and substrate-promoted alkenyltrifluoromethylation of alkenes for the synthesis of CF3-functionalized 1,4-naphthoquinones has been demonstrated.
Obstacle-enhanced spontaneous oscillation of confined active granules
Authors: Zhang Xue , Tian Yuxin , Ni Ran , Zhu Yong , Ning Luhui , Liu Peng , Yang Mingcheng , Zheng Ning
Published: November 2024

Obstacle-enhanced spontaneous oscillation of confined active granules. (a) Without obstacles. (b) With obstacles.
Coupled dynamics in binary mixtures of model colloidal Yukawa systems
Authors: Weidig Daniel , Wagner Joachim
Published: November 2024

Self- and collective dynamics in mixtures of highly charged binary colloidal particles is analyzed by Brownian dynamics simulations. For equally charged, but differently sized particles coupling effects in their long-time dynamics are observed.
A motion compensation method for the single transmitter and multiple receivers mobile radar system
Authors: Lian Qijun , Da Kai , Song Zhiyong , Wang Ping
Published: November 2024

The single transmitter and multiple receivers (STMR) mobile radar system is a special distributed radar system, which has stronger detection and survival capabilities. However, the high‐speed movement of the radar platforms easily produce the across‐range cell migration (RCM) of radar echo signal, which cause envelope shift effects within the coherent processing interval. Here, a motion compensation method for the STMR mobile radar system in the sea environment, to solve the problem of RCM is proposed. First, the target points and clutter points with the same Doppler velocity are obtained by the radon Fourier transform method. Second, using the range/Doppler difference between clutter and target under multi‐radar views, the target and clutter points are separated by the spatial range mapping. The simulation results show that the method can effectively improve the coherent accumulation effect of the target in the sea environment with low signal‐to‐clutter ratio (SCR).