bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of the composition of Soderm®-Forte gel and the new injectable form of Rexod® on pathology findings in gingival tissue in experimental periodontitis in rats
Authors: Galenko-Yaroshevsky Pavel A. , Leontev Valeriy K. , Slavinskiy Aleksandr А. , Tseluiko Kristina V. , Zadorozhniy Mark A. , Todorov Sergey S. , Popkov Viktor L. , Lebedeva Svetlana A. , Zelenskaya Anait V. , Zadorozhniy Andrey V. , Verevkin Aleksandr A.
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Periodontitis is the most important problem of modern dentistry. The development of new medicines and treatment regimens for patients with periodontal complex lesions is a strategic direction of modern pharmacology and dentistry. In this view, pride of place goes to morphological research, which allows not only to study the effect of drugs on pathomorphological changes in periodontal tissues, but also to estimate their therapeutic effectiveness. Aim of the study: to determine the nature of the effect of the composition of Soderm®-Forte gel and the new injectable form of Rexod® on the pathology findings in gingival tissue of rats with experimental periodontitis.

Materials and methods: Experimental periodontitis (EP) was induced in rats by ligature method. The study was per­formed according to the following algorithm: animals with intact periodontium; animals with untreated EP; animals with EP treated with traditional drug therapy (TDT); animals with EP treated with combinations of TDT with Soder­m®-Forte gel and TDT with Soderm®-Forte gel and the new injectable form (NIF) of Rexod®. For pathomorphological examination, biopsy specimen was taken from the gingival margin of the lower incisors. The ImageJ software was used for computer morphometry.

Results and discussion: Examination of the gum samples revealed moderate therapeutic effects of the TDT. The com­binations of TDT with Soderm®-Forte gel and, to a greater extent, TDT with Soderm®-Forte gel and the NIF of Rexod® showed high pharmacotherapeutic efficacy, manifested in rapid regeneration of the gingival tissues.

Conclusion: The combination of TDT, Soderm®-Forte gel and the NIF of Rexod® shows the most beneficial effect on the pathological processes in the gum. The pharmacotherapeutic effect of the studied combination promotes the earliest regeneration of damaged gum tissues and reduces the risk of persistent pathology changes in them.
Molecular data from the holotype of the enigmatic Bornean Black Shrew, Suncus ater Medway, 1965 (Soricidae, Crocidurinae), place it in the genus Palawanosorex
Authors: Nations Jonathan A. , Giarla Thomas C. , Morni Muhd Amsyari , William Dee Julius , Swanson Mark T. , Hiller Anna E. , Khan Faisal Ali Anwarali , Esselstyn Jacob A.
Published: December 2022

Although Borneo has received more attention from biologists than most other islands in the Malay Archipelago, many questions regarding the systematic relationships of Bornean mammals remain. Using next-generation sequencing technology, we obtained mitochondrial DNA sequences from the holotype of Suncus ater, the only known specimen of this shrew. Several shrews collected recently in Sarawak are closely aligned, both morphologically and mitochondrially, with the holotype of S. ater. Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial sequences indicate that the S. ater holotype and new Sarawak specimens do not belong to the genus Suncus, but instead are most closely related to Palawanosorex muscorum. Until now Palawanosorex has been known only from the neighboring Philippine island of Palawan. Additional sequences from nuclear ultra-conserved elements from the new Sarawak specimens strongly support a sister relationship to P. muscorum. We therefore transfer ater to Palawanosorex. The new specimens demonstrate that P. ater is more widespread in northern Borneo than previously recorded. Continued sampling of Bornean mammal diversity and reexamination of type material are critical in understanding the evolutionary history of the biologically rich Malay Archipelago.
On eleven new species of the orb-weaver spider genus Araneus Clerck, 1757 (Araneae, Araneidae) from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China
Authors: Mi Xiaoqi , Li Shuqiang
Published: December 2022

Eleven new species of Araneus Clerck, 1757 from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China are described: Araneus arcuatussp. nov. (♂♀), A. bidentatussp. nov. (♂♀), A. bidentatoidessp. nov. (♂♀), A. complanatussp. nov. (♂♀), A. corrugissp. nov. (♀), A. cucullatussp. nov. (♀), A. minisculussp. nov. (♂), A. ovoideussp. nov. (♀), A. pseudodigitatussp. nov. (♂♀), A. semiorbiculatussp. nov. (♀), and A. tetracanthussp. nov. (♂♀). Diagnostic photographs of the habitus and copulatory organs are provided.
The Impact of Travel Distance on Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Presentation and Outcomes
Authors: Rahman Sarah , Russell Matthew W. , Joo Julia H. , Valentim Carolina C. S. , Singh Rishi P.
Published: December 2022

Background and Objective:

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) requires urgent surgical intervention. The effect of travel distance on RRD outcomes is unclear.

Patients and Methods:

This retrospective cohort study included 642 patients who underwent RRD repair at Cole Eye Institute from 2012 to 2020. Google Maps was used to calculate the travel distance in miles from the residential zip code to the presenting and surgery location addresses. Multivariable logistic and bivariate linear regressions were used to compare macula-off status and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in ETDRS letters at presentation and at 6-month follow-up, with patient travel distance divided into < 25 miles, 25 to 50 miles, and > 50 miles.

Results:

Four hundred sixty-two patients were examined in the final cohort. The retinal reattachment rate was 94.3% for less than 25 miles, 96.3% for 25 to 50 miles, and 95.9% for greater than 50 miles (
P
= 0.63). In multivariable analysis, distance to presenting location was not associated with macula-off status (
P
= 0.69) or BCVA at follow-up (
P
= 0.27). Oneway analysis of distance and time from presentation to surgery in days revealed that distance to surgical site was associated with longer time to surgery (
P
= 0.003). Subset analysis of patients with income less than $25,520 (
n
= 18) revealed greater distance to presenting and surgical location was associated with longer time to surgery (
P
< .0001), but was not associated with BCVA at follow-up (
P
= 0.53).

Conclusions:

This data suggests that patients who live further from the hospital achieve equivalent outcomes from RRD repair, despite delays in surgery.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2022;53:666–672.]
Five-Year Visual Acuity Outcomes of Fovea-Involving Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachments Following Pars Plana Vitrectomy (PPV) or Combined PPV/Scleral Buckle
Authors: Awh Caroline C. , Pedersen Karina E. , Abraham Joseph R. , Singh Rishi P.
Published: December 2022

Background and Objective:

Macular involvement is considered a poor prognostic factor for visual recovery after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair. Few prior studies report outcomes longer than 2 years after repair with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) or combined PPV/scleral buckle (SB). The purpose of this study is to evaluate long-term (at least 5 years) visual outcomes following fovea-involving RRD repair with PPV or PPV/SB.

Patients and Methods:

This retrospective case series evaluated eyes that underwent fovea-involving RRD repair with PPV or PPV/SB. Eyes with single surgery anatomic success and 5 years or more of follow-up were included. Eyes with other ophthalmic pathology affecting central vision were excluded. Paired analysis compared changes in best visual acuity (BVA) between two timepoints.

Results:

Fifty-one eyes were included. Median (interquartile range, IQR) time to final follow-up was 7 (IQR: 3) years. Median pre-operatively BVA was 19.95 (IQR: 41.25) letters and improved to 80.15 (IQR:15.05) letters and 80.16 (IQR: 8.80) letters at the 1-year and final follow-up, respectively (
P
< 0.001). Thirteen of 45 eyes (28.89%) had an improvement in BVA of at least 10 letters from the 1-year to the final follow-up. Average BVA was 20/40 or better in 35/45 eyes (75.56%) at 1-year and 45/51 eyes (88.24%) at final follow-up. No eye had an average BVA of 20/200 or worse at final follow-up.

Conclusions:

Patients with fovea-involving RRD successfully repaired with PPV or PPV/SB have favorable long-term visual acuity outcomes. BVA may continue to significantly improve even beyond 1 year after surgery. The majority of patients have a BVA of 20/40 or better 5 years after surgery.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2022;53:674–680.]
Generating new protein sequences by using dense network and attention mechanism
Authors: Wang Feng , Feng Xiaochen , Kong Ren , Chang Shan
Published: December 2022

Protein engineering uses de novo protein design technology to change the protein gene sequence, and then improve the physical and chemical properties of proteins. These newly generated proteins will meet the needs of research better in properties and functions. The Dense-AutoGAN model is based on GAN, which is combined with an Attention mechanism to generate protein sequences. In this GAN architecture, the Attention mechanism and Encoder-decoder can improve the similarity of generated sequences and obtain variations in a smaller range on the original basis. Meanwhile, a new convolutional neural network is constructed by using the Dense. The dense network transmits in multiple layers over the generator network of the GAN architecture, which expands the training space and improves the effectiveness of sequence generation. Finally, the complex protein sequences are generated on the mapping of protein functions. Through comparisons of other models, the generated sequences of Dense-AutoGAN verify the model performance. The new generated proteins are highly accurate and effective in chemical and physical properties.
Stochastic sensitivity analysis and feedback control of noise-induced transitions in a predator-prey model with anti-predator behavior
Authors: Huang Mengya , Yang Anji , Yuan Sanling , Zhang Tonghua
Published: December 2022

In this study, we investigate a stochastic predator-prey model with anti-predator behavior. We first analyze the noise-induced transition from a coexistence state to the prey-only equilibrium by using the stochastic sensitive function technique. The critical noise intensity for the occurrence of state switching is estimated by constructing confidence ellipses and confidence bands, respectively, for the coexistence the equilibrium and limit cycle. We then study how to suppress the noise-induced transition by using two different feedback control methods to stabilize the biomass at the attraction region of the coexistence equilibrium and the coexistence limit cycle, respectively. Our research indicates that compared with the prey population, the predators appear more vulnerable and prone to extinction in the presence of environmental noise, but it can be prevented by taking some appropriate feedback control strategies.
Intelligent dynamic trust secure attacker detection routing for WSN-IoT networks
Authors: Kiruthika B. , Bharathi P Shyamala
Published: December 2022

Introduction

IoT networks require a variety of safety systems, because of evolving new technologies. They are subject to assaults and require a variety of security solutions. Because of the sensor nodes' limited energy, compute capabilities and storage resources, identifying appropriate cryptography is critical in wireless sensor networks (WSN).

Objective

So, we need a new energy-aware routing method with an excellent cryptography-based security framework that fulfills critical IoT needs such as dependability, energy efficiency, attacker detection and data aggregation.

Methods

Intelligent dynamic trust secure attacker detection routing (IDTSADR) is a novel energy-aware routing method suggested for WSN-IoT networks. IDTSADR fulfills critical IoT needs such as dependability, energy efficiency, attacker detection and data aggregation. IDTSADR is an energy-efficient routing technique that discovers routes that use the least amount of energy for end-to-end packet traversal and improves malicious node detection. Our suggested algorithms take connection dependability into account to discover more reliable routes, as well as a goal of finding more energy-efficient routes and extending network lifespan by finding routes with nodes with greater battery charge levels. We presented a cryptography-based security framework for implementing the advanced encryption approach in IoT.

Conclusion

Improving the algorithm's encryption and decryption elements, which currently exist and provide outstanding security. From the below results, we can conclude that the proposed method surpasses the existing methods, this difference obviously prolonged the lifetime of the network.
Central schemes for networked scalar conservation laws
Authors: Herty Michael , Kolbe Niklas , Müller Siegfried
Published: December 2022

We propose a novel scheme to numerically solve scalar conservation laws on networks without the necessity to solve Riemann problems at the junction. The scheme is derived using the relaxation system introduced in [Jin and Xin, Comm. Pure. Appl. Math. 48 (1995), 235-276] and taking the relaxation limit also at the nodes of the network. The scheme is mass conservative and yields well defined and easy-to-compute coupling conditions even for general networks. We discuss higher order extension of the scheme and applications to traffic flow and two-phase flow. In the former we compare with results obtained in literature.
Digital currency price formation: A production cost perspective
Authors: Gottschalk Sylvia
Published: December 2022

The paper investigates the long-run relationship between bitcoin and its marginal cost between July 2010 and July 2022. We derive Bitcoin's marginal cost of production from a model of Bitcoin mining grounded in the Bitcoin code, and show that its production cost is a function of only two variables, the electricity price and the mining hardware efficiency. We then estimate a time-varying vector error correction model, and also the cointegration between bitcoin's price and Bitcoin network's hash rate, a commonly used production cost proxy. Our results show that the time-varying cointegration between bitcoin's price and its hash rate is permanently in disequilibrium, bar a short time interval between March 2017 and January 2018. Consequently, although bitcoin's price and the hash rate are cointegrated, it is clear that the latter does not function as a stable long-run explanatory variable for bitcoin price dynamics. On the contrary, we found that bitcoin's price and its marginal cost of production have been cointegrated since its inception, and that their time-varying long-run relationship always reverts towards equilibrium - and often to equilibrium- after long periods of divergence. These results contrast with most of the empirical literature that attempted to model the relationship betweeen bitcoin and its fundamentals in a time-invariant framework, but are consistent with recent research showing a significant role for production cost in the determination of bitcoin's price dynamics.
Rubén y la colecta: un dosier de responsa ibérica del siglo XIV
Authors: Roth Pinchas
Published: December 2022

En 1346 estalló una disputa entre los líderes comunales judíos de Gerona y Perpiñán. La disputa giraba en torno a una rica familia judía (llamada «Rubén» y sus hijos) que había emigrado de la región de Gerona a Perpiñán tras la conquista del Reino de Mallorca por Pedro IV de Aragón. Lo que estaba en juego era la participación de la familia en la carga fiscal, que había pasado de la colecta de Gerona a la colecta de Perpiñán. Los funcionarios de Gerona trataron de prohibir a la familia judía que se trasladara a Perpiñán, y de penalizarla por ello. La legalidad de la actuación de la colecta y, por otro lado, la libertad de la familia para desplazarse entre comunidades, fueron las cuestiones debatidas en un dossier de ocho responsa redactados por eruditos rabínicos y líderes comunales. En este artículo exploro los argumentos jurídicos esgrimidos por los responsa y los textos de prueba que presentaron, y sugiero algunas ideas sobre el modo en que se concibió y creó el dosier.
L'Afrique vue de Rome : les réalités administratives face à l'image littéraire
Authors: Delattre Aurélie
Published: December 2022

Les auteurs latins, poètes mais aussi historiens et géographes voient l'Afrique de loin, depuis Rome le plus souvent. Cette distance, la connaissance quasi exclusivement indirecte qu'ils ont de la région et le caractère parfois daté de leurs sources estompent ainsi les contours de l'image qu'ils donnent de l'Afrique. Les réalités locales tendent donc à disparaître au profit de stéréotypes, d'autant plus facilement qu'ils constituent, pour les auteurs, une doxa partagée avec leur public.
Créations provinciales et nouveaux concilia : manifestations épigraphiques en Tripolitaine et en Byzacène
Authors: Lefebvre Sabine
Published: December 2022

Lors de la réforme administrative de Dioclétien, furent créées de nouvelles provinces, dont la Tripolitaine et la Byzacène. Ce nouveau cadre administratif a entraîné un remodelage de l’assemblée provinciale qui, dans chaque nouvelle province, a dû s’organiser. Ce concilium, rassemblant les délégués de toutes les cités de la province, est l’élément le plus visible de l’acceptation par les provinciaux du nouveau cadre. A-t-il fonctionné rapidement après la création ? Son activité a-t-elle été complète ? Quels témoignages attestent de sa vitalité ? Autant de questions qui permettent de savoir si le nouveau cadre provincial a été vécu, et a constitué un nouveau cadre identitaire.
L’amende forfaitaire, arme du (non-)droit
Authors: Daillère Aline
Published: December 2022

Au cours des années 2000, en France, le spectre des infractions pouvant être sanctionnées hors des palais de justice n’a cessé de s’élargir, jusqu’à couvrir désormais certaines infractions délictuelles. Dans un souci de désengorgement des tribunaux de proximité, l’amende forfaitaire – prononcée non pas par un juge, mais par un agent des forces de l’ordre – est devenue un outil de réponse pénale très répandu. Cet article s’intéresse au « pouvoir contraventionnel » des policiers, analysant ce dernier à l’aune des spécificités de l’amende forfaitaire au sein de la justice pénale. À partir de méthodes d’enquête qualitatives (entretiens, observations) et quantitatives (récolte et analyse de plus de six cents amendes), il examine les situations de personnes multi-verbalisées et étudie les conditions dans lesquelles ces dernières ont pu mobiliser le droit et saisir le juge lorsqu’elles dénonçaient des verbalisations illégales ou injustes. Diverses actions entreprises en ayant recours à « l’arme du droit » mettent en lumière les difficultés à accéder au juge en cas de litige se rapportant à une amende forfaitaire. Historiquement conçue pour réprimer des infractions de masse sans engorger les tribunaux et pensée de manière à réduire au minimum l’intervention du juge, l’amende forfaitaire se révèle être une modalité de sanction qui laisse peu de place à la mobilisation du droit.
La dénonciation des pratiques policières à Lyon à la fin des années 1970 : socio-histoire locale de la formation d’une cause
Authors: Nasri Foued
Published: December 2022

Cet article se concentre sur les transformations d’un espace de lutte contre les déviances policières au tournant des années 1970 et 1980. À partir de l’analyse de mobilisations qui ont eu lieu dans l’agglomération lyonnaise, l’article confirme l’existence de deux régimes non exclusifs de dénonciation des déviances policières. Le premier régime, qualifié de généraliste, concerne des coalitions militantes dominées par les organisations du secteur pro-immigré. Ces coalitions privilégient des cadrages généraux pour contester l’action policière. Le second régime, dit localisé, coïncide avec des formes d’organisation plus informelles basées sur des comités de soutien qui réunissent les proches du plaignant. Le régime localisé coïncide avec l’émergence d’un secteur militant dominé par les héritiers de l’immigration et dont les organisations entretiennent des rapports de coopération et de concurrence avec le secteur pro-immigré.
Mobile Learning to Support Self-Regulated Learning
Authors: Baars Martine , Viberg Olga
Published: December 2022

This paper discusses the possibilities of using and designing mobile technology for learning purposes coupled with learning analytics to support self-regulated learning (SRL). Being able to self-regulate one's own learning is important for academic success but is also challenging. Research has shown that without instructional support, students are often not able to effectively regulate their own learning. This is problematic for effective self-study and stands in the way of academic success. Providing instructional support for both metacognitive processes such as planning, monitoring, and reflection and cognitive processes such as learning strategies can help students to learn in a self-regulated way more optimally. Mobile learning provides opportunities to provide ‘just in time' support for both cognitive and metacognitive processes. To provide insights into how mobile learning can support SRL, this theoretical review discusses selected studies that have used mobile learning to support SRL in different domains.
Intelligent HVAC Control Prediction
Authors: Alkhadashi Mohamed , Shaout Adnan K.
Published: December 2022

Comfort where an occupant is present is the subject of marketing in many sectors. This research paper focuses on heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) in the transportation sector. A literature survey has been conducted to understand historic HVAC control and optimization approaches. Many control approaches were captured/compared, and this provides great potential, but also shows that there is still room for improvement. This research explores a unique control opportunity using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to predict the occupant, and then follows it with kalman decomposition (KD) for real time controllability/observability post-LDA operation. Integrating these two tools provides results as new combined approach for HVAC control. Prediction algorithm LDA shows approximately 79% accuracy score for prediction, which is above average when compared to other algorithms and sensors used. KD is manipulated to be controllable and observable to maintain cabin temperature in real-time once the occupant is identified.
Influence of Grain Boundary Morphology on DDC Sensitivity of Nickel Base Alloy Deposited Metal
Authors: Chen Zhong Bing , Zhu Ping , Shang Jian Lu , Lu Li , Liang Zhen Xin , Sun Zhi Qiang
Published: December 2022

Effect of grain boundary morphology on ductility dip cracking (DDC) sensitivity of nickel base alloy inconel52 deposited metal was researched by welding thermal simulation method and high temperature tensile test. The sample was hold at 1300 °C for 2S ~ 10s and then stretched at its DDC sensitive temperature 1050 °C at different tensile rates. The DDC sensitivity was compared by reduction of area (VoA) of tensile test sample. The results show that straight grain boundary reduces VoA, precipitates in grain boundaries increases VoA, and VoA increases with the increase of tensile rate. Straight grain boundary causes stress concentration and strain localization at the trigeminal grain boundary, curved grain boundary decreases the maximum Mises stress which make more uniform stress distribution. Precipitates on the grain boundary can play a role of locking the grain boundary migration and disperse the strain concentration at the trigeminal grain boundary. The lower the strain rate, the longer the deformation time, which will lead to decrease of dislocation movement rate. The smaller the critical shear stress of grain boundary sliding, the smaller the deformation resistance, and the full progress of dislocation movement and climbing. Effect of strain rate on DDC needs more research.
Aluminum 4.5 wt. % Copper Alloy Powder Sintering Temperature Effect on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Spark Plasma Sintered Compact
Authors: Narayana Swamy Kalavara Saddashiva Reddy , Devaraj Sonnappa , Chandra Mohan Heggedehalli Krishnappa
Published: December 2022

The aluminum 4.5 wt. % copper alloy was melted in an electrical resistance furnace and atomized to produce the powder of 350 µm to 500 µm size of different shapes and sizes. The atomized powder was graded using standard set of sieves. The powder is compacted with the help of spark plasma sintering by applying the required pressure and temperature simultaneously. The sintering pressure of 25 MPa and temperatures of 480 °C and 540 °C was employed to produce sintered compacts at two different temperatures. The density of the sintered compact was measured using Archimedes principle. The surface topography of both the compacts revealed the cellular, elongated grains and dendritic microstructure. The average micro Vickers hardness of compact sintered at 480 °C and 540 °C were found to be 55.9 HV1 and 65.4 HV1 respectively. The compression strength of compact sintered at 480 °C is 185 MPa and the compact sintered at 540 °C is reported as compacts was reported as 250 MPa.
Influence of Dislocations Move on Photoluminescence of Mn2+ Ions with Various Local Surroundings in ZnS Single Crystals in the Process of Plastic Deformation
Authors: Prokofyev Tikhon , Ivanchenko Alexander , Hnatushenko Volodymyr
Published: December 2022

The influence of plastic deformation on the change of the relative number of luminescence centers of Mn2+ ions with various local surroundings in ZnS single crystals at various wavelengths of the excitation light has been thoroughly studied. Taking into account that the emission of each individual photoluminescence band is due to the emission of manganese luminescence centers with a certain type of local symmetry, the use of the decomposition of the experimental photoluminescence spectra of Mn2+ ions in ZnS single crystals into individual bands and the subsequent analysis of changes in the photoluminescence spectra of each individual band allowed a detailed study of the effect of dislocation move on quantitative changes in emitting manganese luminescence centers of various types.
New Polymer Composites Made of Recycled Polystyrene with Red Mud and Wind Blade Waste: An Industrial Ecology Case
Authors: Barbosa Juliana Thomaz Lefloch , Mancini Sandro Donnini , Belli Cristina , Antunes Maria Lucia Pereira , de Paiva Jane Maria Faulstich
Published: December 2022

The development of composites with the waste of industries close to each other would mean an interesting case of industrial symbiosis in search for using less financial and natural resources. This paper presents the development of polymer composites made of three types of waste, produced by industries located in the same region and distant at most 25 km from each other: electronic waste, red mud (obtained during aluminium production), and the waste of wind turbine blades' manufacturing (epoxy resin/glass fibre). Composites were obtained incorporating 5%, 10%, and 15% of industrial waste (red mud and epoxy/fibre) in a matrix of recycled high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) from discarded electronic equipment. Tests were performed to obtain the melt flow index and the composites' water content and study the mechanical properties (tensile and impact) of test specimens produced with the composites by injection moulding (temperature from 200 to 250°C, the injection pressure of 45 MPa, and the injection time of 2.5 s). Results showed that the composites have water content and melt flow index within the specifications for recycled HIPS and are usually more rigid than it, reaching values for Elasticity Modulus up to 34% higher. Therefore, these composites can be applied when materials with more stiffness than HIPS are required.
A Review of some Characteristics of a Composite Hybrid Socket for Prosthetics Derived from Plant Fibers
Authors: Bash Adel M. , Oleiwi Jawad K. , Othman Tahseen T.
Published: December 2022

According to the ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health), a prosthetic is a device used to restore or replace the function of a missing limb as a result of a rare genetic defect, dangerous incident, surgical trauma, or disease that limits the amputee's ability to participate in daily life. Prosthetic limb sockets were formerly made out of a wide variety of materials before the development of thermoplastics and composites. Plant fibers are favored due to their low density. Both their strength and rigidity are remarkably high considering their low weight and inexpensiveness. Plant fiber is one of the most popular ways to give polymer composites more strength because of its low production costs and stretchability. Following a brief introduction to the many types of natural fibers (both plant and animal), this article provides a comprehensive assessment of the literature from the past decade that focuses on the mechanical characteristics of plant materials. Reinforced polymers are made with fibers. This literature study will focus on the mechanical properties and behavior of plant fibers used to create sockets for prosthetic limbs. If an article is written about the overall features of composites made with fibers made from the plant, it is expected to be of great use to the research community in the field of composites.
Interfacial Properties of Additively Manufactured M789 Steel on Wrought N709 Alloy
Authors: Nyamuchiwa Kudakwashe , Tian Yuan , Chadha Kanwal , He You Liang , Aranas Jr. Clodualdo
Published: December 2022

An additively manufactured M789 steel was deposited on wrought precipitation-hardening N709 steel to form a hybrid alloy using the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. After tensile testing, failure in the as-printed (AP) state was detected in the M789 section with a peak strength of 1019 MPa, consistent with the nanoindentation measurement across the M789-N709 interface. The application of heat treatment of the hybrid alloy shifted the failure zone to the N709 alloy with a peak strength of 1600 MPa. The high strength of M789 after heat treatment was due to the formation of the η-phase during aging. A robust metallurgical bond was successfully formed between the two alloys since the fracture did not occur in the interface for both the AP and heat treated (HT) states during tensile testing.
A Flow Stress Equation of AA5005 Aluminum Alloy Based on Fields-Backofen Model
Authors: Chen Wen Ning , Li Si Jia , Bhandari Krishna Singh , Aziz Shahid , Kosimov Nodirbek , Jung Dong Won
Published: December 2022

Tensile tests on AA5005 alloy were conducted on model MTS-810 tensile test machine during temperature 633-773 K and strain rate 0.0003-0.03 s-1. The flow stress–true strain curves were obtained. In order to analyze the flow stress behavior of aluminum AA5005 alloy, the phenomenological Fields-Backofen equation based on the fitting regression analysis was developed. The flow stress values calculated by the obtained model keep coincidence with experimental values. Eventually, the statistical analysis methods (correlation coefficient (R), average absolute relative error (AARE)) were adopted to examine the credibility of the established model. Results show that the R-value is 0.99592 and the AARE is 3.3128 %, which indicates the high fitting accuracy of the Fields-Backofen equation. Consequently, the Fields-Backofen model can describe the constitutive relationship of AA5005 alloy credibly.
Role of Heat Treatment on the Texture Evolution of M789 Steel Developed by LPBF Process
Authors: Chadha Kanwal , Tian Yuan , Spray John G. , Aranas Jr. Clodualdo
Published: December 2022

A laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of M789 ally steel has been carried out using an EOS M290 machine. The ideal orientations of M789 alloy were established using an electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique. The analysis through ideal orientation and ODF analysis pointed out that as the heat treatment temperature is increased, the texture becomes strong. Analysis done through recrystallization map concluded that as the heat treatment temperature increases, the recrystallized grains increase which clearly explains the reason for strong texture at high temperature heat treatment. The results from this work can be used to control the texture of the M789 alloy to improve various physical and mechanical properties of the material.
Multiphysics Coupled Simulation of Electrolytic Machining of Toothed Grooves of Contrate Gear
Authors: Chen Yuan Long , Liu Quan Yun , Li Xiang
Published: December 2022

In the field of aviation, the contrate gear is an important component, the material of the contrate gear is the basis for ensuring the reliability and high performance of the aircraft engine, the commonly used material for contrate gear is 20Cr2Ni4A. In order to fully understand the electrolytic machining of the toothed groove of the contrate gear, a multiphysics coupling model of the electric field, the gas-liquid two-phase flow field and the temperature field was established to study the distribution of bubble rate, temperature, conductivity and current density in the processing gap. Simulation results show that the temperature and bubble rate gradually increase along the process direction in the processing gap, the conductivity and current density of the electrolyte gradually decrease.
Indirect Production of Chromium Carbides Film on Low Alloy Steel
Authors: Benarioua Younès
Published: December 2022

Chromium carbide coatings deposited on mechanical parts by different techniques have an interesting hardness, wear-resistant and corrosion resistance. Some studies show that chromium carbides produced by physical vapor deposition methods and revealed a superior hardness present a poor adherence to their substrates. The objective of this study is to indirectly obtain a hard, and adherent coating of chromium carbide by using a conversion treatment including carburizing treatment of steel substrate, deposition of a pure chromium layer, and annealing treatment of coated carburized steel under a carbonic gas atmosphere. Treatment temperature has an effect on the partial or complete conversion of chromium film as a result of the diffusion and precipitation process. The transformation rate of chromium into both chromium carbide layers was investigated. For 1 h of holding treatment, chromium film was totally transformed at 900 °C into chromium carbide film which presented high hardness and excellent adhesion.
Metal Bioleaching of Used Lithium-Ion Battery Using Acidophilic ferrooxidans Isolated from Acid Mine Drainage
Authors: Putra Rifki Ardika , Al Fajri Ikram , Hariyadi Asful
Published: December 2022

The cobalt content in LIB (Lithium-ion Battery) can be recycled using green technology through a bioleaching process with the help of microorganisms to have high efficiency, low cost, easy method, and environmentally friendly. The bacterial strain of A. ferrooxidans in the bioleaching process isolated from acid mine water was capable to extracting cobalt in LIB to obtain pure metal ions. The aim of this research is to isolate bacteria A. ferrooxidans from acid mine water in order to extract the element cobalt from a LIB. This study has recovery with culture time of 0-14 days, aerobic systems, inoculum concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 20%. The optimization of bacterial growth was done by aerating the culture. The recovered cobalt were analyzed from the filtrate after the bioleaching process using ICP analysis. LIB and sediment of the bioleaching process were analyzed by XRD, SEM and EDX. The conclusion of this study showed that the recovery of cobalt metal (Co) using the bacterial strain of A. ferrooxidans was obtained at 73.95% for 14 days with the addition of a battery cathode of 1 gram/100 ml at the optimum conditions obtained when the addition of 20% inoculum, pH: 2-4, temperature: 30°C, and the aeration system uses an aerator. Bacterial strains isolated from acid mine drainage have the potential as oxidizing agents for lithium and cobalt metals in bioleaching processes.
DPY30 promotes the growth and survival of osteosarcoma cell by regulating the PI3K/AKT signal pathway
Authors: Cheng Gong , An Fengmin , Cao Zhilin , Zheng Mingdi , Zhao Zhongyuan , Wu Hao
Published: December 2022

Osteosarcoma (OS) is characterized by aggressive features including invasiveness and high incidence of metastasis. OS patients with metastases are difficult to treat and suffer from a poor prognosis. DPY30 (protein dpy-30 homolog) is a key component of SET1/MLL family of H3K4 methyltransferases, which is implicated in the progression of multiple cancers. However, the potential functional engagement of DPY30 in OS remains to be unveiled. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential roles of DPY30 in the regulation of malignant phenotypes of OS cells. We examined DPY30 expression from a published dataset (GSE28424) as well as in OS tissues and adjacent normal tissues from OS patients. The association of DPY30 expression level and clinicopathologic parameters was assessed by Chi-square test. The role of DPY30 in regulating the malignant phenotype of OS cells and tumorigenesis was examined by in vitro functional assays and xenograft mouse model. We reported an upregulation of DPY30 in OS tumor tissues in both published dataset and clinical samples. A high level of DPY30 expression was associated with larger tumor size and more metastasis in OS patients, as well as poor overall survival. DPY30 knockdown in OS cells significantly impairs proliferation, migration and invasion, but induced cellular apoptosis. We further demonstrated that the agonist of PI3K/AKT pathway can rescue the inhibitory effects of DPY30 knockdown in OS cells. Together, our data indicate that DPY30 functions as an oncogene to promote the malignancy of OS cells possibly through PI3K/AKT pathway. The dependency of OS cells on DPY30 overexpression is a targetable vulnerability in OS cells.
Il paradosso della vulnerabilità
Authors: Furnari Maria Gensabella
Published: December 2022

Il saggio propone un’analisi critica dell’idea di vulnerabilità in bioetica, che ruota intorno alla tensione insita nell’idea stessa: tra l’essere una condizione che accomuna, e il divenire, per la diversa gravità del suo manifestarsi, fattore di diseguaglianza e stigmatizzazione. La prima parte prende in esame il passaggio dall’attenzione ai vulnerabili, già presente agli esordi della bioetica negli Stati Uniti, e l’emergere dell’idea/principio di vulnerabilità nella Dichiarazione di Barcellona del 1998 e in successivi documenti dell’UNESCO. Le parti successive sono dedicate a discutere la possibilità di una teoria della vulnerabilità in bioetica, richiamando l’attenzione sull’ipotesi di una distinzione tra tipi di vulnerabilità e sulla complessità del rapporto con i concetti di dipendenza e cura.
Treatment of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia in rats with the Wen Run Fei Ning formula: A preliminary study
Authors: Li Na , Han Jian , Dong Yiwei , Wang Yanan , Ji Bing , Wang Fengxia , An Xinye , Ding Jiawen
Published: December 2022

Background & objectives:

To determine the effect of Wen Run Fei Ning formula (WRFNF) intervention in class I integron-mediated carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Methods:

A drug-susceptibility test and PCR amplification were used to screen for carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae containing class I integrons. Following nasal drip and tail vein injection to infect healthy male rats with carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae, three models were created: control (group A); model (group B, tail vein injection); and model-WRFNF treatment group (group C, by tail vein injection). Rats in Group C were gavaged with pre-warmed WRFNF extract. On the third, fifth, and seventh days after the experiment, the rats in groups A and B were gavaged with an equal quantity of saline and killed in batches.

Results:

Group C showed considerably higher serum IL-6 and TNF- levels on days 3, 5, and 7 compared to group A, as well as a significant increase in peripheral blood leukocyte count and a histopathologic inflammatory cell infiltration of the lungs. As the WRFNF delivery duration was prolonged, group C's histopathologic inflammatory cell infiltration gradually improved in contrast to group B, with the biggest improvement occurring on day 7. Compared to group B, group C's serum IL-6 and TNF- levels were lower. When the trial's duration was increased to 7 days, the levels of IL-6 and TNF- in group C decreased on day 7 compared to on day 5.

Interpretation & conclusion:

WRFNF decreased inflammatory cell infiltration as well as IL-6 and TNF expression in the lung of the rats infected with carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae.
Evaluation of the WAVE Drowning Detection SystemTM for use with children's summer camp groups in swimming pools
Authors: Johnson Molly B. , Lawson Karla A.
Published: December 2022

Background:

Groups of children swimming during summer camp or child care are generally monitored by a small number of lifeguards and staff. The high child-to-staff ratio can make pool monitoring less effective, increasing drowning risk. The aim of this study is to evaluate novel drowning detection technology that could supplement pool monitoring.

Methods:

The WAVE™ Drowning Detection System was deployed at a camp pool for 8 weeks. The WAVE™ Drowning Detection System entails headbands worn by swimmers that send alerts to vibrating staff bracelets and audible alarms when submerged for a period of time. Data on the number of alerts were collected, and staff were surveyed.

Results:

One or two alerts were initiated every hour. Staff reported that risky underwater play and exiting the pool area were top reasons for alerts. Staff found the awareness brought to risky pool behavior useful and had a neutral attitude about false alarms. Staff found the system easy to learn and use but suggested headband fit and comfort could be improved. Staff believed the system could help save someone's life.

Conclusions:

The WAVE system is low-risk, easy-to-use technology that may supplement lifeguard monitoring of large groups of children in pools.
Risk factors and clinical outcomes of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia infection in intensive care unit
Authors: Panda Sagarika , Dash Abhilash , Chhotray Pritam , Nayak Biswajit , Mouli Tatikonda Chandra , Mishra Shakti Bedanta
Published: December 2022

Background:

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, especially Klebsiella pneumonia, have become a severe global problem with a significant threat to public health, but few studies have investigated the risk factors and epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumonia (CRKP) infections in India.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective observational study of 224 participants with K. pneumoniae who were admitted to the medical intensive care unit (ICU) of Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India, between January 1 and December 30, 2020. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by automated broth microdilution VITEK® 2 (BioMerieux, Inc., Hazelwood, USA). The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute document M100-S22 (January 2020) was used to interpret antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Data were obtained from paper medical records.

Results:

Two hundred and twenty-four subjects with culture-positive for K. pneumonia were retrieved during the study period, out of which 108 had CRKP. The risk factors for univariate analysis were Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, ICU length of stay (LOS), invasive mechanical ventilator days, central venous catheter days, and arterial line days. The multivariate analysis showed invasive mechanical ventilation and ICU LOS were independent risk factors for CRKP infection. Mortality in the CRKP group was 48 (44%) compared to 27 (23%) in the carbapenem-sensitive K. pneumonia (CSKP) group, which was statistically significant (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

Infection due to CRKP in the ICU was associated with 1.9 times higher mortality as compared to CSKP. Invasive mechanical ventilation and ICU LOS were found to be independent risk factors for CRKP infection.
Systemic Thrombolytics as Rescue Therapy for COVID-19 Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Ashwathappa Prathibha Gowda , Jacob Ipe , Rangappa Pradeep , Rao Karthik
Published: December 2022

Background:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is often associated with a progressive respiratory failure that is refractory to maximal ventilatory support and other ARDS strategies. Studies show evidence of a hypercoagulable state in COVID-19 patients, including capillary thrombosis and alveolar fibrin deposits which impede normal gas exchange. In this context, thrombolysis is considered as a salvage therapy to rescue critically hypoxemic patients.

Methods:

In this retrospective observational study, the efficacy of thrombolysis on outcome of COVID-19 ARDS with respiratory failure was analyzed. Patients with severe ARDS and d-dimer levels of 5 μg/ml or above were initiated on alteplase, as a 25 mg bolus followed by a 25 mg infusion over 22 h. Primary outcome was intensive care unit (ICU) mortality and secondary outcomes were change in PaO2/FiO2 24 h after thrombolysis, avoidance of intubation, ventilator free days (VFD), and ICU and hospital length-of-stay (LOS).

Results:

Thirteen out of 34 patients with severe COVID ARDS underwent thrombolysis. They had lower ICU mortality than non-thrombolysed patients (23.1% vs. 71.4%, P = 0.006), greater percentage improvement in PaO2/FiO2 (116% vs. 31.5%, P = 0.002), more VFDs (13 days vs. 0 day, P = 0.004), and lesser requirement for intubation (23.1% vs. 76.2%, P = 0.004). ICU and hospital LOS were similar.

Conclusion:

Thrombolysis can be considered as a rescue therapy for nonintubated COVID-19 ARDS patients with severe hypoxemic respiratory failure, who show evidence of a procoagulant state. Larger studies are needed before inclusion into the regular treatment protocol for COVID-19 patients.
Erasmus Syndrome
Authors: Jaanakhi V M , Ram Batoee , Qureshi Mohammad Javed , Jain Manisha , Sawale Sumeet
Published: December 2022

Erasmus syndrome is the association of silica exposure and subsequent development of systemic sclerosis. Here we discuss five cases that presented with progressive shortness of breath, arthralgia, skin tightening, and Raynaud's phenomenon. History of exposure to silica dust was present in all cases, and further serological (Anti-Scl-70 antibody positive), radiological, and histopathological (skin biopsy) investigations confirmed the diagnosis of systemic sclerosis. Hence the diagnosis of Erasmus syndrome was made. Therefore, careful screening should be done in patients of silicosis with systemic symptoms to rule out any associated connective tissue disorder. Timely diagnosis and early intervention can prevent the patients from developing life-threatening complications and improved quality of life.