bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In‐Plane Liquid Crystalline Texture of High‐Performance Thienothiophene Copolymer Thin Films
Authors: Zhang Xinran , Hudson Steven D. , DeLongchamp Dean M. , Gundlach David J. , Heeney Martin , McCulloch Iain
Published: September 2010

Poly(2,5‐Bis(3‐alkylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophenes (pBTTTs) are a new class of solution‐processable polymer semiconductors with high charge carrier mobilities that rival amorphous silicon. This exceptional performance is thought to originate in the microstructure of pBTTT films, which exhibit high crystallinity and a surface topography of wide terraces. However, the true lateral grain size has not been determined, despite the critical impact grain boundaries can have on the charge transport of polymer semiconductors. Here a strategy for determining the lateral grain structure of pBTTT using dark‐field transmission electron microscopy (DF‐TEM) and subsequent image analysis is presented. For the first time, it is revealed that the in‐plain pBTTT crystal orientation varies smoothly across a length scale significantly less than one micrometer (e.g., with only small angles between adjacent diffracting regions). The pBTTT polymers thus exhibit an in‐plane liquid crystalline texture. This microstructure is different from what has been reported for small molecule semiconductors or polymer semiconductors such as poly(3‐hexyl thiophene) (P3HT). Even though films processed differently exhibit different apparent domain sizes, they exhibit similar charge carrier hopping activation energies because they possess similar low densities of abrupt grain boundaries.
Synthesis of Substituted 1,2‐Dihydropyridines from Propargyl Vinyl Ethers and Allenic Vinyl Ethers by Gold‐Catalyzed Claisen Rearrangement and 6π‐Aza‐electrocyclization
Authors: Wei Hao , Wang Yao , Yue Bin , Xu Peng‐Fei
Published: September 2010

An efficient synthetic method was developed for the construction of substituted 1,2‐dihydropyridines by gold‐catalyzed tandem reactions. The key intermediates 2,4‐dienals were generated from propargyl vinyl ethers or allenic vinyl ethers with gold catalysts. These two reactions involved the process of gold‐catalyzed [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement/isomerization/amine condensation/6π‐aza‐electrocyclization.
Iridium(I)‐Catalyzed Coupling of (Z)‐2‐En‐4‐yn‐1‐ols with Activated Alkynes: A New Synthetic Route to 7‐Oxanorbornadienes
Authors: Díaz‐Álvarez Alba E. , Crochet Pascale , Cadierno Victorio
Published: September 2010

Taking advantage of the ability shown by the iridium(I) dimer [{Ir(μ‐Cl)(COD)}2] to promote the cycloisomerization of (Z)‐enynols into furans, an unprecedented synthetic route to 7‐oxanorbornadienes has been developed just by performing the catalytic reactions in the presence of activated alkynes. The process, which proceeds under solvent‐free conditions, furnishes the bicyclic alkenes in good yields with complete atom‐economy.
Synthesis of β‐Trifluoromethylated Δ1‐Pyrrolines
Authors: Marrec Olivier , Christophe Carole , Billard Thierry , Langlois Bernard , Vors Jean‐Pierre , Pazenok Sergii
Published: September 2010

Trifluoromethylated Δ1‐pyrrolines have been easily synthesized in a one‐pot procedure from β‐(trifluoromethyl)enones. These substrates are valuable building blocks for further syntheses. For example, trifluoromethylated prolines have been obtained.
Life history, immune function, and intestinal helminths: Trade‐offs among immunoglobulin E, C‐reactive protein, and growth in an Amazonian population
Authors: Blackwell Aaron D. , Snodgrass J. Josh , Madimenos Felicia C. , Sugiyama Lawrence S.
Published: September 2010

Objectives. Infection with helminths is associated with shifts in host immunity, including increased production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and reduced inflammation. Given limited energy budgets, these shifts may involve changes in energy allocation toward competing demands. Here we test for potential trade‐offs between growth, IgE, and the inflammatory marker C‐reactive protein (CRP).

Methods. Dried blood spots and anthropometrics were collected from 162 Shuar forager‐horticulturalists from a village in southeastern Ecuador. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to measure IgE and CRP. Relationships among IgE, CRP, and anthropometrics were examined in three groups: children aged 2–7 years (n = 63), children aged 8–15 (n = 61), and adults over age 18 (n = 37).

Results. Geometric mean IgE was 1,196 IU ml−1 while geometric mean CRP was 1.33 mg l−1. In children, IgE and CRP were negatively correlated (r = −0.21, P = 0.02, df = 122). Controlling for fat stores and age, IgE was associated with lower stature in children (t = −2.04, P = 0.04, df = 109), and adults (t = −3.29, P < 0.01, df = 33). In children there was a significant interaction between age and CRP, such that in younger children CRP was associated with shorter stature, but in older children was associated with greater stature (t = 2.15, P = 0.04, df = 109).

Conclusions.These results suggest that infection with helminths may have hidden costs associated with immunological changes, and that these costs may ultimately affect growth and other life history parameters. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Direct interaction between causative genes of DYT1 and DYT6 primary dystonia
Authors: Gavarini Sophie , Cayrol Corinne , Fuchs Tania , Lyons Natalia , Ehrlich Michelle E. , Girard Jean‐Philippe , Ozelius Laurie J.
Published: September 2010

Primary dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by sustained muscle contractions and in which dystonia is the only or predominant clinical feature. TOR1A(DYT1) and the transcription factor THAP1(DYT6) are the only genes identified thus far for primary dystonia. Using electromobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), we demonstrate a physical interaction between THAP1 and the TOR1A promoter that is abolished by pathophysiologic mutations. Our findings provide the first evidence that causative genes for primary dystonia intersect in a common pathway and raise the possibility of developing novel therapies targeting this pathway. Ann Neurol 2010
Heightened neurologic complications in children with pandemic H1N1 influenza
Authors: Ekstrand Jeffrey J. , Herbener Amy , Rawlings Julia , Turney Beth , Ampofo Krow , Korgenski E. Kent , Bonkowsky Joshua L.
Published: September 2010

The 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) has been recognized to cause neurological complications including seizures and encephalopathy. We identified 18 children with 2009 H1N1 influenza and neurological complications from first and second wave activity, and compared characteristics to seasonal influenza. Seizures, encephalopathy, and status epilepticus were common presentations. Focal neurological symptoms persisted in 22% of patients at discharge. Compared to seasonal influenza, patients with pandemic 2009 influenza were more likely to have encephalopathy, focal neurological findings, aphasia, and abnormal electroencephalographic findings. In addition, we noted a trend toward heightened neurological complications following second wave influenza activity. ANN NEUROL 2010
C‐oriented and {010} Facets Exposed BiVO4 Nanowall Films: Template‐Free Fabrication and their Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Properties
Authors: Zhou Min , Zhang Shudong , Sun Yongfu , Wu Changzheng , Wang Mingtai , Xie Yi
Published: September 2010

Vertically aligned BiVO4 nanowall films on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass have been fabricated through a template‐free hydrothermal method for the first time. Based on the structural understanding of both BiVO4 and ITO, the lattice matches ({020}BiVO4 and {040}ITO, {200}BiVO4 and {004}ITO, respectively) and the similarity of metal atomic arrangement parallel to {001} planes turn out to be crucial for the fabrication of the nanowalls. Consequently, the growth of a BiVO4 film begins from heteroepitaxy and undergoes an Ostwald ripening process to form an extended network, resulting in a c‐orientation and exposing {010} facets. Through this process, it is much easier to obtain a range of nanowall films with different packing densities, as the surface state of ITO glass is alterable by adjusting the concentration of acid. The films can be directly used as an electrode, which exhibits an excellent response to visible light, especially light with low intensity, allowing for the electrical interconnection, highly active surface, appropriate orientation, and a good contact with the substrate. There are great benefits in improving the technique for detecting the weak light source signals.
Global mean‐square exponential stabilization of stochastic system with time delay via impulsive control
Authors: Peng Shiguo , Zhang Yun , Yu Siming
Published: September 2010

This paper discusses the global mean‐square exponential stabilization problem for a class of nonlinear non‐autonomous stochastic systems with time delay via impulsive controller. By employing the D‐measure of the matrix and establishing a formula for the variation of parameters, some sufficient conditions are proposed for the design of an impulsive controller such that the stochastic impulsive control system with time varying system matrix and time delay is globally mean‐square exponentially stable. Some numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.

Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
The neurobehavioral teratology of retinoids: A 50‐year history
Authors: Adams Jane
Published: September 2010

This review of the central nervous system (CNS) and behavioral teratology of the retinoids over the last 50 years is a commemorative retrospective organized by decade to show the prominent research focus within each period and the most salient findings. In the 1960s, research focused on the gross CNS malformations associated with exposure and the delineation of dose‐response and stage‐specific responses in rodent models. Relevant scientific events before and during the 1960s are also discussed to provide the zeitgeist in which the field of neurobehavioral teratology emerged in the 1970s. During this period, studies demonstrated that adverse effects on postnatal behavior could be produced in animals exposed to doses of vitamin A lower than those that were teratogenic or impacted growth. Work during the 1980s showed an overrepresentation of behavioral studies focused on the reliability of screening methods, while the marked effects of human exposure were illustrated in children born to women treated with isotretinoin during pregnancy. The human catastrophe invigorated research during the 1990s, a period when technological advances allowed more elegant examinations of the developing CNS, of biochemical, cellular, and molecular developmental events and regulatory actions, and of the effects of direct genetic manipulations. Likewise, research in the 1990s reflected a reinvigoration of research in neurobehavioral teratology evinced in studies that used animal models to try to better understand human vulnerability. These foci continued in the 2000–2010 period while examinations of the role of retinoids in brain development and lifelong functioning became increasingly sophisticated and broader in scope. This review of the work on retinoids also provides a lens on the more general ontogeny of the field of neurobehavioral teratology. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rational Design of Tryptophan‐Rich Antimicrobial Peptides with Enhanced Antimicrobial Activities and Specificities
Authors: Yu Hui‐Yuan , Huang Kuo‐Chun , Yip Bak‐Sau , Tu Chih‐Hsiang , Chen Heng‐Li , Cheng Hsi‐Tsung , Cheng Jya‐Wei
Published: September 2010

Trp‐rich antimicrobial peptides play important roles in the host innate defense mechanism of many plants and animals. A series of short Trp‐rich peptides derived from the C‐terminal region of Bothrops asper myothoxin II, a Lys49 phospholipase A2 (PLA2), were found to reproduce the antimicrobial activities of their parent molecule. Of these peptides, KKWRWWLKALAKK—designated PEM‐2—was found to display improved activity against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. To improve the antimicrobial activity of PEM‐2 for potential clinical applications further, we determined the solution structure of PEM‐2 bound to membrane‐mimetic dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles by two‐dimensional NMR methods. The DPC micelle‐bound structure of PEM‐2 adopts an α‐helical conformation and the positively charged residues are clustered together to form a hydrophilic patch. The surface electrostatic potential map indicates that two of the three tryptophan residues are packed against the peptide backbone and form a hydrophobic face with Leu7, Ala9, and Leu10. A variety of biophysical and biochemical experiments, including circular dichroism, fluorescence spectroscopy, and microcalorimetry, were used to show that PEM‐2 interacted with negatively charged phospholipid vesicles and efficiently induced dye release from these vesicles, suggesting that the antimicrobial activity of PEM‐2 could be due to interactions with bacterial membranes. Potent analogues of PEM‐2 with enhanced antimicrobial and less pronounced hemolytic activities were designed with the aid of these structural studies.
ChemInform Abstract: Interaction of the Components in the Gd—Ni—Sn Ternary System at 770 K.
Authors: Romaka L. , Romaka V. V. , Stadnyk Yu. , Demchenko P.
Published: September 2010

The title system is characterized by powder XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Diagram of the Sb—Se—I System and Thermodynamic Properties of SbSeI.
Authors: Aliev Z. S. , Musaeva S. S. , Babanly D. M. , Shevelkov A. V. , Babanly M. B.
Published: September 2010

The title system is characterized by DTA, XRD, and EMF measurements and a self‐consistent phase diagram is constructed, which can be the base for growing single crystals of SbSeI.
ChemInform Abstract: Feasibility Study of the Direct Synthesis of Mg(BH4)2 Complex Hydrides by Mechanical Milling.
Authors: Zhang Z. G. , Zhang S. F. , Wang H. , Liu J. W. , Zhu M.
Published: September 2010

The attempted synthesis of Mg(BH4)2, a promising complex hydride for hydrogen storage, by planetary ball milling of pure Mg and B powders and subsequent hydrogenation is unsuccessful despite of using optimized ball milling parameters.
ChemInform Abstract: Dinitrogen Difluoride Chemistry. Improved Syntheses of cis‐ and trans‐N2F2, Synthesis and Characterization of N2F+Sn2F9‐, Ordered Crystal Structure of N2F+Sb2F11‐, High‐Level Electronic Structure Calculations of cis‐N2F2, trans‐N2F2, F2N=N, and N2F+, and Mechanism of the trans—cis Isomerization of N2F2.
Authors: Christe Karl O. , Dixon David A. , Grant Daniel J. , Haiges Ralf , Tham Fook S. , Vij Ashwani , Vij Vandana , Wang Tsang‐Hsiu , Wilson William W.
Published: September 2010

Improved methods for the synthesis of N2F+ salts, which are key precursors to new high energy density materials, such as N5+ salts, are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Synthesis of Metal Antimonides.
Authors: Kift Rebecca L. , Prior Timothy J.
Published: September 2010

Transition metal antimonides including CoSb3, CoSb2, CoSb, NiSb, NiSb2, Cu2Sb, Mo3Sb7, the new ternary series Co1‐xNixSb (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.9), and the intermetallic SnSb are prepared by heating stoichiometric amounts of the appropriate metal oxides (Co3O4, NiO, CuO, MoO3, SnO, and Sb2O3) under a flow of 10% hydrogen in argon at moderate temperatures (450 °C, 72—120 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Existence of ZrAs2 and Ternary Extension Zr(GexAs1‐x)As (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4).
Authors: Blanchard Peter E. R. , Cavell Ronald G. , Mar Arthur
Published: September 2010

ZrAs2 is established to be a true binary phase that is strictly stoichiometric.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Chemistry of Thorium Nitrates and Chromates.
Authors: Sigmon Ginger E. , Burns Peter C.
Published: September 2010

The crystal structures of the new thorium compounds (II), (IV—VI), (VIII), and (IX) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: A Series of Novel Organically Templated Germanium Antimony Sulfides.
Authors: Feng Mei‐Ling , Xiong Wei‐Wei , Ye Dong , Li Jian‐Rong , Huang Xiao‐Ying
Published: September 2010

The structures of the novel title compound (II) (triclinic, space group P$\bar 1$, Z = 2), (III) (monoclinic, C2, Z = 2) and (V) and (VII) (orthorhombic, Pbca, Z = 8) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Synthesis, Crystal and Electronic Structure of a New Scandium Tungstate, Sc0.67WO4.
Authors: Varga Tamas , Mitchell J. F. , Wang Jun , Arnold Lindsay G. , Toby Brian H. , Malliakas Christos D.
Published: September 2010

Insulating Sc2W3O12 is prepared by reaction of Sc2O3 and WO3 (1200 °C, 12 h) and transformed into the new metallic title compound by high‐temperature/high‐pressure treatment (4 GPa, 1400 °C, 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination Polymer Based on Cyano: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Fluorescence.
Authors: Fang Zhen‐Lan , He Jiang‐Gang , Ju Qiang , Wu Xiao‐Yuan , Lu Can‐Zhong
Published: September 2010

[Cu3(CN)3NH3]n is hydrothermally prepared from a mixture of CuCN, NH3, and H2O (autoclave, 180 °C, 72 h, 53% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Chemistry of La18Li8Rh4MO39 (M = Ti, Mn, Ru).
Authors: Battle Peter D. , Dutton Sian E. , van Daesdonk Peter A.
Published: September 2010

The title compounds are synthesized by solid state reactions of stoichiometric mixtures of La2O3, Rh2O3, MO2 (M: Ti, Mn, Ru), and a 50% excess of Li2CO3 (800 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Fluoro‐3‐phenyl‐allyltrimethylsilane: A New Fluorinated Reagent for Hosomi—Sakurai Reaction.
Authors: Hayashi Tsuyoshi , Usuki Yoshinosuke , Iio Hideo
Published: September 2010

The addition of the title silane (III) to aldehydes (IV) leads to the fluorinated syn‐alcohols (V) as sole or main reaction products.
ChemInform Abstract: CuH‐Catalyzed Enantioselective 1,2‐Reductions of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Moser Ralph , Boskovic Zarko V. , Crowe Christopher S. , Lipshutz Bruce H.
Published: September 2010

Under optimized conditions, a variety of ketones undergo asymmetric 1,2‐reductions almost exclusively instead of the normally observed 1,4‐reductions in the presence of in situ‐generated CuH which is ligated with an optically active bisphosphane ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Remarkable Effect of Phosphine on the Reactivity of O,P‐Acetal—Efficient Substitution Reaction of O,P‐Acetal.
Authors: Fujioka Hiromichi , Goto Akihiro , Otake Kazuki , Kubo Ozora , Yahata Kenzo , Sawama Yoshinari , Maegawa Tomohiro
Published: September 2010

Tri(o‐tolyl)phosphine is identified as a good nucleophile for the formation of intermediate O,P‐acetals from O,O‐acetals (I) and a good leaving group for the successive nucleophilic substitution.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Polycyclization Reactions.
Authors: Sethofer Steven G. , Mayer Timo , Toste F. Dean
Published: September 2010

Highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective cyclization reaction, catalyzed by (MeO‐DTB‐BIPHEP)‐gold (I)/AgSbF6, is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Modular P—OP Ligands for Asymmetric Hydrogenation: Synthesis, Catalytic Activity, and Mechanism.
Authors: Fernandez‐Perez Hector , Donald Steven M. A. , Munslow Ian J. , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi , Maseras Feliu , Vidal‐Ferran Anton
Published: September 2010

A new P—OP ligand, easily prepared in two synthetic steps from enantiopure epoxide, is used as a highly efficient ligand in the rhodium‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of functionalized alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Silica‐Promoted Facile Synthesis of Thioesters and Thioethers: A Highly Efficient, Reusable and Environmentally Safe Solid Support.
Authors: Basu Basudeb , Paul Susmita , Nanda Ashis K.
Published: September 2010

An operationally straightforward, mild and environmentally friendly procedure for the acylation and alkylation of aromatic as well as aliphatic thiols is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Hydroheteroarylation of Vinylarenes.
Authors: Nakao Yoshiaki , Kashihara Natsuko , Kanyiva Kyalo Stephen , Hiyama Tamejiro
Published: September 2010

In the presence of a nickel/carbene catalyst, the hydroheteroarylation of vinylarenes with indoles, benzimidazoles, and analogues affords exclusively 1‐aryl‐1‐heteroarylethanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Substitution of O‐Allyl Carbamothioates.
Authors: Xu Qing‐Long , Liu Wen‐Bo , Dai Li‐Xin , You Shu‐Li
Published: September 2010

Treatment of O‐allyl carbamothioates with the Ir catalyst shown in the scheme results in regio‐ and enantioselective formation of branched S‐allyl carbamothioates.
ChemInform Abstract: Arylmaleic Anhydrides via Heck Arylation of Fumaric Acid.
Authors: Roshchin Alexander I.
Published: September 2010

The coupling is facilitated by the presence of donor substituents at the aryl fragment and does not occur with strong electron acceptor groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Nucleophilic Glyoxylation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Steward Kimberly M. , Johnson Jeffrey S.
Published: September 2010

The reaction applied Yb(OiPr)3 or Sm(OiPr)3and acetone cyanohydrine as catalysts and a wide range of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes to afford β‐silyloxy‐α‐keto esters in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Amide Synthesis from Alcohols and Amines Catalyzed by Ruthenium N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes.
Authors: Dam Johan Hygum , Osztrovszky Gyorgyi , Nordstroem Lars Ulrik , Madsen Robert
Published: September 2010

The reaction is catalyzed by the Ru‐complexes with the N‐heterocyclic carbene (RIP), generated in situ (conditions B), D)) or as a preformed complex (condition A)).
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Formal Alkadiene Insertion into an Aromatic C—CN Bond Using Cyanide Ion as a Catalyst.
Authors: Ohashi Maki , Maeda Hajime , Mizuno Kazuhiko
Published: September 2010

The title reaction is suggested to proceed via a photo‐NOCAS (nucleophile‐olefin combination, aromatic substitution) mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling of Aryl Tosylates and Mesylates in Water
Authors: Pschierer Jan , Plenio Herbert
Published: September 2010

using the water‐soluble sulfonated fluorenylphosphane cataCXium Fsulf (PHO) as catalyst
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Heterocyclic Amines via a Copper(I)‐Mediated Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of Organozinc Reagents with Lithium Amides.
Authors: Dunst Cora , Kienle Marcel , Knochel Paul
Published: September 2010

Heteroaromatic zinc compounds are used for the formation of functionalized heteroaromatic amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium(III) Chloride Mediated Synthesis of Furan Derivatives: Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Evodone.
Authors: Mandal S. K. , Paira M. , Roy S. C.
Published: September 2010

Title compounds (IV) and (VI) including the naturally occurring furanoterpene evodone (IVb) are synthesized by a radical cyclization reaction using titanocene(III) chloride, generated in situ from TiCl2(Cp)2 and zinc dust, as radical source.
ChemInform Abstract: A Versatile Catalyst for Intermolecular Direct Arylation of Indoles with Benzoic Acids as Arylating Reagents.
Authors: Zhou Jun , Hu Peng , Zhang Min , Huang Shijun , Wang Min , Su Weiping
Published: September 2010

A novel catalyst system consisting of palladium trifluoroacetate, silver nitrate and propionic acid efficiently catalyzes the regioselective arylation of N‐acyl indole derivatives (I) and (VII) with benzoic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Method for the Synthesis of 2‐Trifluoromethylindoles from N‐(o‐Haloaryl)alkynylimines.
Authors: Chen Zixian , Zhu Jiangtao , Xie Haibo , Li Shan , Wu Yongming , Gong Yuefa
Published: September 2010

Optimized reaction conditions are developed for the cyclization of easily prepared substrates to biologically important indole products.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Fe(II)‐Catalyzed N—O or N—N Bond Formation from Aryl Azides.
Authors: Stokes Benjamin J. , Vogel Carl V. , Urnezis Linda K. , Pan Minjie , Driver Tom G.
Published: September 2010

The reaction is catalyzed by FeBr2 and tolerates a wide range of functionalities, including additional azide‐groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel One‐Pot, Four‐Component Condensation Reaction: An Efficient Approach for the Synthesis of 2,5‐Disubstituted 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Derivatives by a Ugi‐4CR/Aza‐Wittig Sequence.
Authors: Ramazani Ali , Rezaei Aram
Published: September 2010

A simple and effective reaction of the aromatic aldehydes(I) (VI), aromatic carboxylic acids (III), (VIII), various linear and cyclic amines (II), (VII) and isocyanimino‐triphenylphosphorane (IV) leads to the formation of the desired oxadiazole in excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 1,3,4‐Thiadiazoles Using Hydrogen Bond Donor (Thio)urea Derivatives as Organocatalysts.
Authors: Rostamizadeh Shahnaz , Aryan Reza , Ghaieni Hamid Reza , Amani Ali Mohammad
Published: September 2010

The hydrogen bond catalytic effect in the synthesis of thiadiazoles (III) is investigated by using urea, thiourea and guanidinium salts as catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxo‐Diels—Alder Reaction of Danishefsky′s Diene with Aldehydes, Catalyzed by Chiral Tridentate Chromium(III)—Schiff Base Complexes.
Authors: Miesowicz Slawomir , Chaladaj Wojciech , Jurczak Janusz
Published: September 2010

The reaction is highly effective in the presence of CSB.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Cascade Reaction: Direct Multicomponent Assembling of 2‐Amino‐4H‐chromene Scaffold from Salicylaldehyde, Malononitrile or Cyanoacetate and Nitroalkanes.
Authors: Elinson Michail N. , Ilovaisky Alexey I. , Merkulova Valentina M. , Belyakov Pavel A. , Chizhov Alexander O. , Nikishin Gennady I.
Published: September 2010

Compared to known multicomponent protocols, the solvent‐free, KF or Ac—ONa promoted, catalytic cascade procedure represents the most efficient approach to the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective 3‐Nitration of Flavones: A New Synthesis of 3‐Nitro‐ and 3‐Aminoflavones.
Authors: Patoilo Diana T. , Silva Artur M. S. , Cavaleiro Jose A. S.
Published: September 2010

A general method is developed which affords the desired target compounds (II) as main products.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Tandem [2,3]‐Rearrangement and 6π‐3‐Azatriene Electrocyclization in (E)‐O‐Propargylic α,β‐Unsaturated Oximes.
Authors: Nakamura Itaru , Zhang Dong , Terada Masahiro
Published: September 2010

The title reaction affords polysubstituted pyridine N‐oxides in a regioselective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Water‐Soluble PDE4 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Dry Eye.
Authors: Govek Steven P. , et al. et al.
Published: September 2010

A series of coumarin derivatives with potent PDE4 inhibitory activity is prepared, e.g. compounds (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted, Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Cyclization — Rapid Synthesis of 2‐Quinolones from Unprotected 2‐Iodoanilines and Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Chen Jia‐Rong , Liao Jie , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: September 2010

The described method is attractive because of the short reaction time, the operational simplicity, and the absence of toxic gaseous carbon monoxide.
ChemInform Abstract: A Multi‐Task Palladium Catalyst Involved in Heck—Reduction—Cyclization Sequences for the Preparation of 4‐Benzyl‐1,2‐dihydroisoquinolin‐3‐ones: An Unusual Homogeneous—Heterogeneous Sustainable Approach.
Authors: Laudien Julia , Fouquet Eric , Zakri Cecile , Felpin Francois‐Xavier
Published: September 2010

A one‐pot three‐step procedure is developed for the synthesis of title compounds (III) via Heck reaction of acrylate (I) with diazonium salts (II) followed by reduction and cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: CuI/La(OTf)3 Catalyzed, One‐Pot Synthesis of Isomeric Ellipticine Derivatives in Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Gaddam Vikram , Ramesh Subburethinam , Nagarajan Rajagopal
Published: September 2010

For the first time the synthesis of isomeric ellipticines derivatives is accomplished using three‐ or dicomponent cyclizations of substituted alkynes with imines followed by aromatization.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Catalyzed Reactions Between 2‐Azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐en‐3‐ones and Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Abe Takumi , Takeda Hiroyuki , Takahashi Yumi , Miwa Yoshihisa , Yamada Koji , Ishikura Minoru
Published: September 2010

Under microwave irradiation conditions, catalytic amounts of Cu(II) are sufficient to catalyze the N‐arylation of bicycle (I) and analogues, whereas in the presence of a rhodium catalyst C‐arylation occurs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and In vitro Evaluation of Substituted Pyrimido[5,4‐d]pyrimidines as a Novel Class of Antimycobacterium tuberculosis Agents.
Authors: Bacelar Ana H. , Carvalho M. Alice , Proenca M. Fernanda
Published: September 2010

Pyrimido[5,4‐d]pyrimidines (III) are synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tubercolusis strain H37Rv.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclic Cycloalkanol Ethylamines as Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors.
Authors: Sabatucci Joseph P. , Mahaney Paige E. , Leiter Jennifer , Johnston Grace , Burroughs Kevin , Cosmi Scott , Zhang Yingru , Ho Douglas , Deecher Darlene C. , Trybulski Eugene
Published: September 2010

A variety of heterocyclic cycloalkanol ethylamines are synthesized and evaluated as norephedrine reuptake inhibitors.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Reactions, and Biological Activity of 1,4‐Benzothiazine Derivatives.
Authors: Abbas Eman M. H. , Farghaly Thoraya A.
Published: September 2010

The novel enaminone (III) proves to be a valuable synthon for the synthesis of fused 1,4‐thiazines such as pyridothiazines (V), benzothiazines (VII) and triazinothiazines (IX) and (XI).
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Cyclizations Using Laccases: Multiple Bond Formation Between Dihydroxybenzoic Acid Derivatives and Aromatic Amines.
Authors: Hahn Veronika , Davids Timo , Lalk Michael , Schauer Frieder , Mikolasch Annett
Published: September 2010

The laccase‐catalyzed cyclization of dihydroxybenzoic acid derivatives (I) with amino‐carboxamides leads to a variety of fused diazepines in low to moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of 10‐Alkoxy‐5,6‐dihydro‐triazolo[4,3‐d]benzo[f][1,4]oxazepine Derivatives with Anticonvulsant Activity.
Authors: Deng Xian‐Qing , Wei Cheng‐Xi , Li Fun‐Nan , Sun Zhi‐Gang , Quan Zhe‐Shen
Published: September 2010

A series of novel oxazepine derivatives (IX) is synthesized and screened for anticonvulsant activity and neurotoxicity.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Atom‐Economic Synthesis of Ammonium Diselenophosphinates via Three‐Component Reaction of Secondary Phosphines, Elemental Selenium, and Ammonia.
Authors: Artem'ev Alexander V. , Malysheva Svetlana F. , Gusarova Nina K. , Belogorlova Nataliya A. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: September 2010

Conditions A) and B) are elaborated which afford the synthetically important products with similar (high) yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Azido Arylselenides and Azido Aryldiselenides: A New Class of Selenium—Nitrogen Compounds.
Authors: Deobald Anna Maria , Simon de Camargo Leandro R. , Tabarelli Greice , Hoerner Manfredo , Rodrigues Oscar E. D. , Alves Diego , Braga Antonio L.
Published: September 2010

The title compounds are prepared by treatment of the amine precursors with TmsN3 and isoamyl nitrite.
ChemInform Abstract: Agrocybone, a Novel Bis‐sesquiterpene with a Spirodienone Structure from Basidiomycete Agrocybe salicacola.
Authors: Zhu Ying‐Cheng , Wang Gang , Yang Xiao‐Long , Luo Du‐Qiang , Zhu Qin‐Chang , Peng Tao , Liu Ji‐Kai
Published: September 2010

Preliminary in vitro tests reveal no cytotoxicity but weak antiviral effects.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on Schisandra Nortriterpenoids. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Enantiopure C‐5‐epi ABC Ring Systems of Micrandilactone A (II) and Lancifodilactone G (III) Using RCM.
Authors: Maity Soumitra , Matcha Kiran , Ghosh Subrata
Published: September 2010

The furo‐furanones (I) are prepared as diastereomeric substructures of the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Englerin A.
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. , Kang Qiang , Ng Sin Yee , Chen David Y.‐K.
Published: September 2010

The total syntheses of englerin A (Ia), englerin B (Ib), and englerin B acetate (Ic) from simple starting materials are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Sonogashira Couplings of Halo‐ and Epoxy‐Halo‐exo‐Glycals: Concise Entry to Carbohydrate‐Derived Enynes.
Authors: Gomez Ana M. , Barrio Aitor , Pedregosa Ana , Uriel Clara , Valverde Serafin , Lopez J. Cristobal
Published: September 2010

The Sonogashira cross‐coupling reaction of monohalo‐and dihalo‐exo‐glycals affords carbohydrate‐derived enynes in a completely stereoselective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Anodic Coupling Reactions and the Synthesis of C‐Glycosides.
Authors: Xu Guoxi , Moeller Kevin D.
Published: September 2010

Both furanose and pyranose derivatives containing a masked aldehyde functional group can be prepared by the anodic coupling reaction between an electron‐rich olefin and an alcohol.
ChemInform Abstract: Trifluoromethyl‐Promoted Homocamptothecins: Synthesis and Biological Activity.
Authors: Zhu Lingjian , Miao Zhenyuan , Sheng Chunquan , Guo Wei , Yao Jianzhong , Liu Wenfeng , Che Xiaoying , Wang Wenya , Cheng Pengfei , Zhang Wannian
Published: September 2010

The antitumor activity of the newly synthesized homocamptothecin derivatives (III) is evaluated in vitro and in vivo against several solid tumor cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Novel 2′,3′‐Diethanethio‐2′,3′,5′‐trideoxy‐5′‐triazolonucleoside Analogues.
Authors: Yu Jin‐Lan , Wu Qin‐Pei , Zhang Qing‐Shan , Xi Xiao‐Dong , Liu Ning‐Ning , Li Yun‐Zheng , Liu Yan‐Hong , Yin Hong‐Quan
Published: September 2010

A series of novel triazoloribonucleosides (VII) is synthesized by the route described for the preparation of derivative (VI) and evaluated for antitumor activity.
ChemInform Abstract: An Aryne Route to Cytosporone B and Phomopsin C.
Authors: Yoshida Hiroto , Morishita Takami , Ohshita Joji
Published: September 2010

The aryne insertion reaction into a carbon‐carbon σ‐bond is demonstrated to be an useful approach for the total synthesis of octaketides, allowing cytosporone B (VI) to be synthesized in six steps.
ChemInform Abstract: New 6‐Amino‐[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazines and [1,2,4]Triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazin‐6‐ones: Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity Evaluation.
Authors: Almajan Gabriela Laura , Barbuceanu Stefania‐Felicia , Saramet Ioana , Draghici Constantin
Published: September 2010

All newly synthesized compounds of type (I)—(III) are screened for their antibacterial activity but are less active than the reference drugs tetracycline and ampicilline.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antiinflammatory and Ulcerogenicity Studies of Some Substituted Pyrimido[1,6‐a]azepine Derivatives.
Authors: El‐Sayed Nehad A. , Awadallah Fadi M. , Ibrahim Nashwa A. , El‐Saadi Mohammed T.
Published: September 2010

The amino group in key compound (Ia) is functionalized using common substitution or condensation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Substituted 9‐Deazaxanthines as A2B Receptor Antagonists.
Authors: Nieto Maria Isabel , Balo Maria Carmen , Brea Jose , Caamano Olga , Fernandez Franco , Garcia‐Mera Xerardo , Lopez Carmen , Loza Maria Isabel , Rodriguez‐Borges Jose Enrique , Vidal Bernat
Published: September 2010

A series of novel 9‐deazaxanthine derivatives with various substituents at the heterocyclic system is synthesized and evaluated for binding affinities for the four human recombinant adenosine receptors, A1—A3 subtypes.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐Aqueous Sol‐Gel Routes to Metal Oxide Nanocrystals under Solvothermal Conditions: Review and Case Study on Doped Group IV Metal Oxides
Authors: Pucci Andrea , Pinna Nicola
Published: September 2010

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Stability of High‐Pressure Polymorphs in In2O3 Nanocrystals: Evidence of Stress‐Induced Transition?
Authors: Gurlo Aleksander
Published: September 2010

Review: 31 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pb···π Aryl Interactions as Supramolecular Synthons.
Authors: Tiekink Edward R. T. , Zukerman‐Schpector Julio
Published: September 2010

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organometallic Chemistry of Heterocycles: New Remarkable Facts
Authors: Sadimenko Alexander P.
Published: September 2010

Review: ca. 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Betti Base: The Awakening of a Sleeping Beauty
Authors: Cardellicchio Cosimo , Capozzi Maria Annunziata M. , Naso Francesco
Published: September 2010

Review: recent developments on Betti reaction; 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Chiral Thiourea Catalysts and Its Application to Asymmetric Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Takemoto Yoshiji
Published: September 2010

Review: 141 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Beyond Catalysis: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes as Components for Medicinal, Luminescent, and Functional Materials Applications
Authors: Mercs Laszlo , Albrecht Martin
Published: September 2010

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfones: New Reagents in Organocatalysis
Authors: Alba Andrea‐Nekane , Companyo Xavier , Rios Ramon
Published: September 2010

Review: 76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dendrimers and Nanotubes: A Fruitful Association
Authors: Caminade Anne‐Marie , Majoral Jean‐Pierre
Published: September 2010

Review: 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Oligonucleotide Conjugation
Authors: Singh Yashveer , Murat Pierre , Defrancq Eric
Published: September 2010

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: DNA‐Based Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Boersma Arnold J. , Megens Rik P. , Feringa Ben L. , Roelfes Gerard
Published: September 2010

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Free Radical Intermediates in the Inhibitors of the Autoxidation Reaction
Authors: Lucarini Marco , Pedulli Gian Franco
Published: September 2010

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Wet Chemical Routes to the Assembly of Organic Monolayers on Silicon Surfaces via the Formation of Si—C Bonds: Surface Preparation, Passivation and Functionalization
Authors: Ciampi Simone , Harper Jason B. , Gooding J. Justin
Published: September 2010

Review: 281 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in Selective Activation and Application of Ammonia in Homogeneous Catalysis
Authors: van der Vlugt Jarl Ivar
Published: September 2010

Review: 178 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Fluorophores Exhibiting Highly Efficient Photoluminescence in the Solid State
Authors: Shimizu Masaki , Hiyama Tamejiro
Published: September 2010

Review: ca. 180 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biocatalytic Redox Reactions for Organic Synthesis: Nonconventional Regeneration Methods
Authors: Hollmann Frank , Arends Isabel W. C. E. , Buehler Katja
Published: September 2010

Review: 280 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Phase Radiochemistry
Authors: Hockley Brian G. , Scott Peter J. H. , Kilbourn Michael R.
Published: September 2010

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoparticles Functionalized with Reversible Molecular and Supramolecular Switches
Authors: Klajn Rafal , Stoddart J. Fraser , Grzybowski Bartosz A.
Published: September 2010

Review: 308 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Polyhex/Polypent Topological Paradigm: Regularities in the Isomer Numbers and Topological Properties of Select Subclasses of Benzenoid Hydrocarbons and Related Systems
Authors: Dias Jerry Ray
Published: September 2010

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Computational Protein Design, from Single Domain Soluble Proteins to Membrane Proteins
Authors: Tian Pu
Published: September 2010

Review: 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Analysis of Enzymic Free Energy Relationships Using Kinetic and Computational Models
Authors: Greig Ian R.
Published: September 2010

Review: 191 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorescent Chemosensors for Zn2+
Authors: Xu Zhaochao , Yoon Juyoung , Spring David R.
Published: September 2010

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorescent and Colorimetric Probes for Detection of Thiols
Authors: Chen Xiaoqiang , Zhou Ying , Peng Xiaojun , Yoon Juyoung
Published: September 2010

Review: 110 refs.
Atrioventricular Dissociation due to Pheochromocytoma in a Young Adult
Authors: Haine Steven E. , Miljoen Hielko p. , Blankoff Ivan , Vrints Chris J.
Published: September 2010

Atrioventriculardissociation can be amanifestationof an underlying noncardiacdisease.We present a patient who underwent pacemaker implantation because of intermittent atrioventricular dissociation and medically untreatable supraventricular arrhythmias, which could not be induced by electrophysiological testing. The arrhythmias proved to be due to a pheochromocytoma. After left adrenalectomy, both the supraventricular arrhythmias and the atrioventricular dissociation disappeared. Adequate recognition and treatment of pheochromocytoma can reverse atrioventricular dissociation and may avoid unnecessary procedures such as electrophysiological testing and pacemaker implantation.
Modification of MR molecular imaging probes with cysteine‐terminated peptides and their potential forin vivotumour detection
Authors: Xu Fenghua , Lei Du , Du Xiaoxia , Zhang Chunfu , Xie Xuan , Yin Duanzhi
Published: September 2010

One of the challenges facing superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles is to improve their biological compatibility. While highly uniform SPIOs can be manufactured, the surfaces are hydrophobic as a result of the surfactants used in their fabrication. In this study, we developed a general strategy to fabricate an MR molecular imaging probe in one step by replacing hydrophobic surfactants with small peptides terminated with cysteine. The hydrophobic SPIO surface was transformed into a hydrophilic one by exchanging surface oleic acids with the peptides RGD–Cys or RGD–PEG–Cys. After the RGD–Cys and RGD–PEG–Cys peptide exchange, both RGD–Cys–SPIO and RGD–PEG–Cys–SPIO specifically targetedαvβ3‐expressing cells (A549)in vitro, with RGD–Cys–SPIO achieving this more efficiently. Furthermore, MR imaging of A549 tumors receiving RGD–Cys–SPIO or RGD–PEG–Cys–SPIO demonstrated that both the targeted particles could reach and label theαvβ3‐expressing tumor, much more efficiently than the non‐targeted particles (Cys–SPIO). Histology showed that the probes not only target the tumor neovasculature but also extravasate from vessels and address the tumor cells. Our study shows that directly replacing oleic acid with cysteine or cysteine‐terminated small peptides is a general strategy to transforming the hydrophobic surface of SPIO into a hydrophilic one, as well as providing targeting ligands. Such SPIOs are of interest as MR molecular imaging probes to detect for cancerin vivo. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Many Faces of Entropy or Bayesian Statistical Mechanics
Authors: Starikov Evgeni B.
Published: September 2010

Some 80–90 years ago, George A. Linhart, unlike A. Einstein, P. Debye, M. Planck and W. Nernst, managed to derive a very simple, but ultimately general mathematical formula for heat capacity versus temperature from fundamental thermodynamic principles, using what we would nowadays dub a “Bayesian approach to probability”. Moreover, he successfully applied his result to fit the experimental data for diverse substances in their solid state over a rather broad temperature range. Nevertheless, Linhart’s work was undeservedly forgotten, although it represents a valid and fresh standpoint on thermodynamics and statistical physics, which may have a significant implication for academic and applied science.
Ultrastructural and molecular distinctions between the porcine inner cell mass and epiblast reveal unique pluripotent cell states
Authors: Hall Vanessa J. , Jacobsen Janus V. , Rasmussen Mikkel A. , Hyttel Poul
Published: September 2010

Characterization of the pluripotent cell populations within the porcine embryo is essential for understanding pluripotency and self‐renewal regulation in the inner cell mass (ICM) and epiblast. In this study, we perform detailed ultrastructural and molecular characterization of the developing pluripotent cell population as it develops from the ICM to the late epiblast. The ultrastructural observations revealed that the outer cells of the ICM have a high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio but are transcriptionally inactive and contain mitochondria with few cristae. In contrast, the epiblast cells have a reduced nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio, are more transcriptionally active, and contain abundant cellular organelles. This study also revealed cavitation and potential unfolding of the epiblast. As the ICM forms the epiblast, SSEA1 is lost and VIMENTIN is lost and re‐expressed. The D6 blastocyst expressed high levels of STELLA, TERF1, and GDF3, and the epiblast expressed epithelial markers, MUC1 and E‐CADHERIN, and the pluripotency markers, DNMT3B and CRIPTO. Developmental Dynamics 239:2911–2920, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Staging of regeneration process of an arm of the feather star Oxycomanthus japonicus focusing on the oral‐aboral boundary
Authors: Shibata Tomoko F. , Oji Tatsuo , Akasaka Koji , Agata Kiyokazu
Published: September 2010

Crinoids have strong regenerative capability and rapidly restore their lost body parts such as arms. We observed the regeneration process of arms of the feather star (stalkless crinoid), Oxycomanthus japonicus, and divided the process into 10 stages. We clarify the position at which the oral and aboral epidermis adhere in wound closure and track the oral‐aboral boundary in the regenerate during the entire process of regeneration. We suggest that the concepts of distalization and intercalation, which are proposed to understand animal regeneration integrally, are also applicable to arm regeneration of the feather star. In addition, we clarify that pinnules, appendages extending from the sides of an arm, start to grow in the oral region of the regenerating arm even though a complete pinnule has an oral‐aboral axis. The mode of morphogenesis of pinnules in arm regeneration suggests that the oral region functions as the primary patterning tissue for pinnules. Developmental Dynamics 239:2947–2961, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Construction of a Series of 1D and 2D Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Coordination Polymers Based on 1,1′‐Bis(propionic acid)‐2,2′‐biimidazole
Authors: Sang Rui‐Li , Xu Li
Published: September 2010

The substitution reactions of cadmium or zinc nitrate and the new multifunctional ligand Pra2biim2– [Pra2biim = 1,1′‐bis(propionic acid)‐2,2′‐biimidazole] produce a series ofcoordination polymers with d10 metal centers, namely, 1D [Cd(HPra2biim)(H2O)Cl]n·nH2O (1), 1D [Cd2(Pra2biim)(H2O)4(NO3)2]n (2), and 2D [Zn(HPra2biim)Cl]n (3) in acidic aqueous solutions. The presence of a strong inorganic acid, such as HCl, lead to the protonation of Pra2biim2– as observed in polymers 1 and 3. Compounds 1 and 3 contain the doubly N,N′‐biim‐bridged [M2(μ2‐N,N′‐biim)2] and compound 2 the singly bridged [M2(μ2‐N,N′‐biim)] as secondary building blocks that are interconnected by the propionate arms into 1D chains in 1 and 2, and into a 2D layer in 3. These d10 metal polymers exhibit luminescent emissions that are sensitive to the coordination geometry of the metal centers.
Linking human capital to competitive advantages: Flexibility in a manufacturing firm's supply chain
Authors: Jin Yan , Hopkins Margaret M. , Wittmer Jenell L. S.
Published: September 2010

Flexibility in a manufacturing firm is a strategic choice that advances the firm's superior performance. This is especially true in the emerging supply chain, which makes the firm's environment particularly turbulent. This paper examines the critical relationships between a manufacturing firm's human capital, the firm's flexibility, suppliers' flexibility, and the firm's competitive advantages. Based on questionnaire responses from 201 senior supply chain management professionals in several manufacturing industries, this study establishes direct links between a manufacturing firm's human capital and the firm's superior flexibility, and between a manufacturing firm's flexibility and its competitive advantages. In addition, this research finds that the firm's flexibility mediates the relationship between the firm's human capital and its competitive advantages, as does the connection between the suppliers' flexibility and the firm's competitive advantages. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.