bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Écrire et réécrire l’histoire druze des origines
Authors: Halawi Wissam H.
Published: December 2020

In his work ʿUmdat al-ʿārifīn, Šayḫ al-Ašrafānī, a Druze scholar living in Syria in the 11th/17th century, composed a Druze history of origins for the entire community. This universal history portrays Druzism as an inherent part of human history, like the other monotheistic doctrines. The author thus offers a theological account of the birth of Druzism by tracing a linear discourse of world history from Adam to the Druze daʿwa (preaching) in the 5th/11th century. Al-Ašrafānī also attributes an Islamic character to Druzism by drawing on the Druze sacred text as well as exegetical literature from the late 9th/15th century, while highlighting the Islamic nature of Druzism and its pre-eminence. This rewriting of history in the 11th/17th century contributed to the popularization of Druzism, as attested in other texts from the same period. While al-Ašrafānī did not greatly influence his contemporaries, his work was of considerable importance in the Druze communities of Bilād al-Šām afterwards. Indeed, ʿUmdat al-ʿārifīn had such a substantial impact on Druze historiography that it became a historical source for writing and rewriting the Druze history of origins. Despite being quoted extensively by modern Druze historians, it remains unpublished, being kept secret in the community.
More than Welfare: The Experiences of Employed and Unemployed Ontario Basic Income Recipients
Authors: Ferdosi Mohammad , McDowell Tom
Published: December 2020

This article explores the experiences of employed and unemployed Ontario Basic Income recipients in the Hamilton and Brantford pilot site. Integrating data from surveys and interviews, the self-reported outcomes of both groups are summarized. These outcomes pertain to employment, physical health, mental health, use of health services, food security, housing stability, financial well-being and social activities. The article highlights the difference in the degree of improvements between recipients who were working before and during the pilot versus those who were not employed at both times. Its broad conclusion is that both groups reported significant benefits, but it was recipients who were continuously employed that reported the greatest improvements. This suggests that basic income could be an important policy tool to improve the lives of low-income and precarious workers in Ontario and perhaps elsewhere.
Automatisierte Ungleichheit
Authors: Mühlhoff Rainer
Published: December 2020

This paper sets out the notion of a current “biopolitical turn of digital capitalism” resulting from the increasing deployment of AI and data analytics technologies in the public sector. With applications of AI-based automated decisions currently shifting from the domain of business to customer (B2C) relations to government to citizen (G2C) relations, a new form of governance arises that operates through “algorithmic social selection”. Moreover, the paper describes how the ethics of AI is at an impasse concerning these larger societal and socioeconomic trends and calls for an ethics of AI that includes, and acts in close alliance with, social and political philosophy. As an example, the problem of Predictive Analytics is debated to make the point that data-driven AI (Machine Learning) is currently one of the main ethical challenges in the ethics of AI.
Composite of polylactic acid and microcellulose from kombucha membranes
Authors: Arteaga-Ballesteros Bárbara Estefanía , Guevara-Morales Andrea , Martín-Martínez Eduardo San , Figueroa-López Ulises , Vieyra Horacio
Published: December 2020

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the main components of biodegradable and biocompatible composites. Bacterial cellulose from kombucha membranes is an excellent candidate to be used as a natural filler of eco-composites because it is renewable, has low cost, low density, and acceptable specific strength properties, and is biodegradable. The study aimed to prepare composites of PLA and bacterial cellulose to produce a biodegradable and compostable material. The bacterial microcellulose was obtained from kombucha membranes and blended with PLA by extrusion. The composites contained a PLA with 1%, 3%, and 5% of cellulose. We characterized the PLA, bacterial microcellulose, and composites to ascertain their size and aspect, degree of crystallinity, distribution of the cellulose into PLA, and their mechanical properties. We observed an increase in crystallinity proportional to the cellulose content for the blends and found that the 3% cellulose blend withstands the stress of up to 40 MPa and temperatures up to 120°C before distortion.
Textural characteristics, mode of transportation and depositional environment of the Cretaceous sandstone in the Bredasdorp Basin, off the south coast of South Africa: Evidence from grain size analysis
Authors: Baiyegunhi Temitope Love , Liu Kuiwu , Gwavava Oswald , Baiyegunhi Christopher
Published: December 2020

A total of 92 representative sandstone samples of the Bredasdorp Basin in boreholes E-AH1, E-AJ1, E-BA1, E-BB1 and E-D3 have been investigated for their grain size characteristics. Grain size textural parameters and their cross plots, linear discriminate functions (LDFs), C–M (C = first percentile and M = median) diagram and log–probability plots were calculated and interpreted to understand the mode of transportation and hydrodynamic conditions and also to unravel the depositional environments of the sediments. The grain size textural parameters revealed that the Bredasdorp sandstones are unimodal, predominantly fine-grained, moderately well-sorted, mesokurtic and near symmetrical. The bivariate plots of grain size textural parameters indicate that the depositional environments had been influenced mainly by river/beach/coastal dune conditions. The LDF plots show that the sediments are turbidity current deposits in a shallow marine environment. The C–M diagram revealed that the studied sandstones were mainly deposited by traction currents and beach process. In addition, the grain size log–probability curves and C–M diagram show the predominance of suspension and saltation modes of sediment transportation. Based on the inter-relationship of the various statistical parameters, it is deduced that the Bredasdorp Basin are mainly shallow marine deposits with signature of beach and coastal river processes.
Early-life stress altered pancreatic Krebs cycle-related enzyme activities in response to young adulthood physical and psychological stress in male rat offspring
Authors: Salimi Mina , Sadeghimahalli Forouzan , Shaerzadeh Fatemeh , Khodagholi Fariba , Zardooz Homeira
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Early-life stress (ELS) increases the risk of metabolic disorders in later life. The present study investigated the ELS effect on pancreatic pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) protein level, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH), and aconitase activities as metabolic enzymes in response to young adulthood stress in male rat offspring.

Methods

Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: Control, early life stress (Early STR), young adult foot-shock stress (Y. adult F-SH STR), early + young adult foot-shock stress (Early + Y. adult F-SH STR), young adult psychological stress (Y. adult Psy STR) and early + young adult psychological stress (Early + Y. adult Psy STR). Stress was induced by a communication box at 2 weeks of age and young adulthood for five consecutive days. The blood samples were collected in young adult rats, then pancreases were removed to measure its PDH protein level and aconitase and α-KGDH activities.

Results

In ELS animals, applying foot-shock stress in young adulthood increased PDH protein level, decreased α-KGDH and aconitase activities, and increased plasma glucose, insulin, and corticosterone concentrations. However, exposure to young adulthood psychological stress only decreased α-KGDH and aconitase activities.

Conclusions

It seems that ELS altered metabolic response to young adulthood stress through changes of Krebs cycle-related enzymes activities, though the type of adulthood stress was determinant.
El tratamiento de la mitología en las comedias religiosas de Calderón
Authors: Morata Isabel Hernando
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es determinar el tratamiento de la mitología clásica en las comedias religiosas de Calderón, especialmente enLos dos amantes del cielo,El mágico prodigiosoyEl José de las mujeres. Se atiende sobre todo a los debates que se establecen en ellas sobre la existencia de los dioses paganos, en los que el defensor de estas divinidades suele ser el Demonio. El rechazo de la mitología clásica que se aprecia en las comedias religiosas de Calderón contrasta con su empleo en el teatro cortesano y en los autos sacramentales.
Solving a linear fractional equation with nonlocal boundary conditions based on multiscale orthonormal bases method in the reproducing kernel space
Authors: Jiang Wei , Chen Zhong , Hu Ning , Chen Yali
Published: December 2020

In recent years, the study of fractional differential equations has become a hot spot. It is more difficult to solve fractional differential equations with nonlocal boundary conditions. In this article, we propose a multiscale orthonormal bases collocation method for linear fractional-order nonlocal boundary value problems. In algorithm construction, the solution is expanded by the multiscale orthonormal bases of a reproducing kernel space. The nonlocal boundary conditions are transformed into operator equations, which are involved in finding the collocation coefficients as constrain conditions. In theory, the convergent order and stability analysis of the proposed method are presented rigorously. Finally, numerical examples show the stability, accuracy and effectiveness of the method.
Abundant rogue wave solutions for the (2 + 1)-dimensional generalized Korteweg–de Vries equation
Authors: Lu Huanhuan , Zhang Yufeng
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we analyse two types of rogue wave solutions generated from two improved ansatzs, to the (2 + 1)-dimensional generalized Korteweg–de Vries equation. With symbolic computation, the first-order rogue waves, second-order rogue waves, third-order rogue waves are generated directly from the first ansatz. Based on the Hirota bilinear formulation, another type of one-rogue waves and two-rogue waves can be obtained from the second ansatz. In addition, the dynamic behaviours of obtained rogue wave solutions are illustrated graphically.
A computational model for GPCR-ligand interaction prediction
Authors: Karimi Shiva , Ahmadi Maryam , Goudarzi Farjam , Ferdousi Reza
Published: December 2020

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play an essential role in critical human activities, and they are considered targets for a wide range of drugs. Accordingly, based on these crucial roles, GPCRs are mainly considered and focused on pharmaceutical research. Hence, there are a lot of investigations on GPCRs. Experimental laboratory research is very costly in terms of time and expenses, and accordingly, there is a marked tendency to use computational methods as an alternative method. In this study, a prediction model based on machine learning (ML) approaches was developed to predict GPCRs and ligand interactions. Decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), multilayer perceptron (MLP), support vector machine (SVM), and Naive Bayes (NB) were the algorithms that were investigated in this study. After several optimization steps, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) for DT, RF, MLP, SVM, and NB algorithm were 95.2, 98.1, 96.3, 95.5, and 97.3, respectively. Accordingly final model was made base on the RF algorithm. The current computational study compared with others focused on specific and important types of proteins (GPCR) interaction and employed/examined different types of sequence-based features to obtain more accurate results. Drug science researchers could widely use the developed prediction model in this study. The developed predictor was applied over 16,132 GPCR-ligand pairs and about 6778 potential interactions predicted.
40 Gb/s High-speed mode-division multiplexing transmission employing NRZ modulation format
Authors: Sabitu Rabiu Imam , Khan Nafizah Goriman , Malekmohammadi Amin
Published: December 2020

This report examines the performance of a high-speed MDM transmission system supporting four nondegenerate spatial modes at 10 Gb/s. The analysis adopts the NRZ modulation format to evaluate the system performance in terms of a minimum power required (PN) and the nonlinear threshold power (PTH) at a BER of 10−9. The receiver sensitivity, optical signal-to-noise ratio, and the maximum transmission distance were investigated using the direct detection by employing a multimode erbium-doped amplifier (MM-EDFA). It was found that by properly optimizing the MM-EDFA, the system performance can significantly be improved.
Best selected optical fibers with wavelength multiplexing techniques for minimum bit error rates
Authors: Eid Mahmoud M. A. , Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki , El-Meadawy Shimaa , Habib Md. Ahasan
Published: December 2020

In this study, six different types of optical fibers (SMF, HNLF, HNL-DFF, NZDSF, LEAF (step core) and LEAF (ring core)) can be used for different number of channels (16, 32, 64, and 80) at different bit rates to calculate the quality factor for these types of optical fibers at the optimum length for max BER × 10−9 and min BER × 10−12. By using the software Optisystem version 13, the work has been demonstrated and compared with previous study to find the best one under the same operating conditions.
The influence of electrical filters with sequence generators on optical ISL performance evolution with suitable data rates
Authors: Eid Mahmoud M. A. , Zaki Rashed Ahmed Nabih , El-gammal Eman Mohsen , Delwar Tahesin Samira , Ryu Jee Youl
Published: December 2020

The work offered the analysis comparison study of optical wireless intersatellite link (ISL) for both different bit sequence generators and filters. The study clarifies the impact of varying sorts of both bit sequence generator (data source) in the transmitter and electrical filters in receiver on system performance. The two bit sequence generators used are pseudo random bit sequence generator (PRBSG) and user-defined bit sequence generator (UDBSG). The used filters in this study are low pass (LP) Bessel filter, LP Gaussian filter, LPCROF (cosine roll-off filter), and LPSCROF (squared CROF). Performance of the filter depends on the order of filter and filter bandwidth. The performance parameters in our study are quality factor, Bit Error Rate (BER), and optical received power. In this study, variation of optical received power depends on the type of sequence generator because it is measured after the channel directly.
Graves’ disease in a five-month-old boy with an unusual treatment course
Authors: Azova Svetlana , Rajabi Farrah , Modi Biren P. , Mansfield Laura , Jonas Maureen M. , Drobysheva Anastasia , Boyd Theonia K. , Wassner Ari J. , Smith Jessica R.
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Graves’ disease (GD) is rare in children under age five years. Antithyroid drugs are typically first-line therapy but carry the risks of agranulocytosis and liver dysfunction.

Case presentation

A male infant with multiple congenital anomalies, left ventricular hypertrophy, and neurologic dysfunction developed GD at five months of life. The presence of chronic hepatitis complicated medical management. Potassium iodide was effective temporarily, but urgent thyroidectomy was required at nine months of age. Postoperatively, the patient developed a thyroid function pattern consistent with impaired pituitary sensitivity to thyroid hormone (TH) that responded to the addition of liothyronine. Exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous de novo duplication of the ATAD3 gene cluster, suggesting a possible mitochondrial disorder.

Conclusions

This case describes the youngest child to date to be diagnosed with endogenous GD and to successfully undergo definitive treatment with thyroidectomy. An underlying defect in mitochondrial function is suspected, suggesting a potential novel pathophysiologic link to early-onset thyroid autoimmunity. Additionally, this case illustrated the development of impaired pituitary sensitivity to TH following thyrotoxicosis of postnatal onset, which may contribute to our understanding of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis development.
False-positive very long-chain fatty acids in a case of autoimmune adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Zhu Jia , Breault David T.
Published: December 2020

Background

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) affects up to 25% of boys diagnosed with adrenal insufficiency in childhood. Because early identification of these individuals can be lifesaving, all boys with new-onset primary adrenal insufficiency should be tested for ALD with a plasma very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) level. While plasma VLCFA is a diagnostic test with high sensitivity and specificity, false-positive results have been reported in individuals on a ketogenic diet.

Case presentation

We present a case of an 11-year-old boy with new-onset primary adrenal insufficiency due to autoimmune adrenalitis who was initially found to have elevated VLCFA levels, suggestive of ALD, that normalized on repeat testing.

Conclusions

As advances in gene therapy and newborn screening for ALD expand, VLCFA testing may increase, and clinicians should be aware that testing during the initial presentation of primary adrenal insufficiency may lead to false-positive results and associated psychosocial distress.
Double moiré localized plasmon structured illumination microscopy
Authors: Röhrich Ruslan , Koenderink A. Femius
Published: December 2020

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is a well-established fluorescence imaging technique, which can increase spatial resolution by up to a factor of two. This article reports on a new way to extend the capabilities of structured illumination microscopy, by combining ideas from the fields of illumination engineering and nanophotonics. In this technique, plasmonic arrays of hexagonal symmetry are illuminated by two obliquely incident beams originating from a single laser. The resulting interference between the light grating and plasmonic grating creates a wide range of spatial frequencies above the microscope passband, while still preserving the spatial frequencies of regular SIM. To systematically investigate this technique and to contrast it with regular SIM and localized plasmon SIM, we implement a rigorous simulation procedure, which simulates the near-field illumination of the plasmonic grating and uses it in the subsequent forward imaging model. The inverse problem, of obtaining a super-resolution (SR) image from multiple low-resolution images, is solved using a numerical reconstruction algorithm while the obtained resolution is quantitatively assessed. The results point at the possibility of resolution enhancements beyond regular SIM, which rapidly vanishes with the height above the grating. In an initial experimental realization, the existence of the expected spatial frequencies is shown and the performance of compatible reconstruction approaches is compared. Finally, we discuss the obstacles of experimental implementations that would need to be overcome for artifact-free SR imaging.
Crystal structure of carbonyl(2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-olato-k2
O,O′)(triphenylarsine-κAs)rhodium(I), C24H19AsNO3Rh
Authors: Elmakki Mohammed A. , Alexander Orbett T. , Venter Johan A. , Roodt Andreas
Published: December 2020

C24H19AsNO3Rh, triclinic, P

1
‾

$‾{1}$

(no. 2), a = 9.1358(5) Å, b = 9.6478(6) Å, c = 12.4509(7) Å, α = 92.303(2)°, β = 106.281(2)°, γ = 99.137(2)°, V = 1035.89(1) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0336, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0900, T = 100 K.
Crystal structure of carbonyl(2-methylquinolin-8-olato-κ2
N,O)(triphenylarsine-κAs)rhodium(I), C29H23AsNO2Rh
Authors: Elmakki Mohammed A. , Alexander Orbett T. , Venter Johan A. , Roodt Andreas
Published: December 2020

C

29

H

23

AsNO

2

${\text{C}}_{29}{\text{H}}_{23}{\text{AsNO}}_{2}$

Rh, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P‾{1}$

(no. 2), a = 9.2778(18) Å, b = 9.8274(16) Å, c = 14.444(3) Å, α = 99.748(6)°, β = 91.330(7)°, γ = 114.197(6)°, V = 1177.6(4) Å3, Z = 2,

R

g
t

${R}_{gt}$

(F) = 0.0552,

w

R

r
e
f

$w{R}_{ref}$

(F
2) = 0.1005, T = 100 K.
Crystal structure of tris(azido-κ1
N)-(N-(2-aminoethyl)-N-methyl-1,3-propanediamine-κ3
N,N′,N′′)cobalt(III), C7H19CoN12
Authors: Li Tianyu , Xu Xindi , Huang Meifen , Wang Man , Wu Qiong
Published: December 2020

C7H19CoN12, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.7111(2) Å, b = 10.9909(3) Å, c = 17.5650(4) Å, β = 113.7570(10)°, V = 1362.52(6) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0266, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0718, T = 150(2) K.
Crystal structure of 6,6'‐((1E,1'E)‐(propane‐1,3‐diylbis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(3‐bromophenol), C34H32Br4N4O4
Authors: Jiao Liang , Tian Hui , Wang Man , Li Tianyu , Wu Qiong
Published: December 2020

C34H32Br4N4O4, M

r
 = 880.27, monoclinic, C2 (no. 5), a = 10.6239(7) Å, b = 10.8034(9) Å, c = 28.959(3) Å, β = 99.611(2)°, V = 3277.1(4) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0391, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0922, T = 150.0 K.
Crystal structure of (E)-resveratrol 3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside, C19H22O8
Authors: Tang Qing , Li Huan-Yong , Wu Zhong-Nan , Yan Ming , Zhang Yu-Bo , Li Yao-Lan , Wang Guo-Cai
Published: December 2020

C19H22O8, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 4.63150(10) Å, b = 9.4846(3) Å, c = 39.7929(11) Å, V = 1748.02(8) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0340, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0892, T = 150 K.
The crystal structre of 2-(4-bromophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine, C16H12BBrN2
Authors: Ding Siyi , Zhu Min , Miao Zong-Cheng
Published: December 2020

C16H12BBrN2, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 4.7061(3) Å, b = 10.4639(6) Å, c = 13.5675(8) Å, β = 97.512(2)°, V = 662.39(7) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0384, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0995, T = 189.98 K.
Degradation modeling of poly-l-lactide acid (PLLA) bioresorbable vascular scaffold within a coronary artery
Authors: Lin Shengmao , Dong Pengfei , Zhou Changchun , Dallan Luis Augusto P. , Zimin Vladislav N. , Pereira Gabriel T. R. , Lee Juhwan , Gharaibeh Yazan , Wilson David L. , Bezerra Hiram G. , Gu Linxia
Published: December 2020

In this work, a strain-based degradation model was implemented and validated to better understand the dynamic interactions between the bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) and the artery during the degradation process. Integrating the strain-modulated degradation equation into commercial finite element codes allows a better control and visualization of local mechanical parameters. Both strut thinning and discontinuity of the stent struts within an artery were captured and visualized. The predicted results in terms of mass loss and fracture locations were validated by the documented experimental observations. In addition, results suggested that the heterogeneous degradation of the stent depends on its strain distribution following deployment. Degradation is faster at the locations with higher strains and resulted in the strut thinning and discontinuity, which contributes to the continuous mass loss, and the reduced contact force between the BVS and artery. A nonlinear relationship between the maximum principal strain of the stent and the fracture time was obtained, which could be transformed to predict the degradation process of the BVS in different mechanical environments. The developed computational model provided more insights into the degradation process, which could complement the discrete experimental data for improving the design and clinical management of the BVS.
The role of abiotic and biotic factors in interspecific competition of Polish crayfish – comprehensive literature review
Authors: Wiśniewski Kamil , Szarmach Daniel , Poznańska-Kakareko Małgorzata
Published: December 2020

Invasive species are those that have been transferred by humans out of their natural range. Native crayfish species in Polish waters include: Astacus astacus and Pontastacus leptodactylus, whereas invasive species are: Pacifastacus leniusculus, Faxonius limosus, Procambarus clarkii and Procambarus virginalis. The objective of this study was to determine how abiotic and biotic environmental factors contribute to interspecific competition of Polish crayfish based on the available literature. Abiotic factors affecting the interspecific competition include tolerance to extreme pH values, calcium ion content, temperature, oxygenation, water salinity, preferred substrate and the type of water bodies. Biotic factors are, inter alia, pathogens, food base, plant cover and interactions in the prey–predator system, as well as interactions between crayfish species. The most important abiotic factors are water temperature and oxygenation, while the most important biotic factor is the crayfish plague – a deadly disease for native species. Each invasive species has a different set of traits and adaptations that enable a successful invasion. However, a successful invasion of a given species is not determined by one, but many adaptations that coexist.
Essstörungen bei Studierenden der Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften
Authors: Olson Nils , Reiner Barbara , Baumgartner Lisa , Oberhoffer-Fritz Renate , Schulz Thorsten
Published: December 2020

Essstörungen sind multikausale psychische Störungsbilder mit ernsten gesundheitlichen Folgen. Studierende sind als junge Erwachsene besonders stark betroffen. Von 645 gesundheitlich untersuchten Studierenden der Gesundheits-, Sport- und Pflegewissenschaften der Technischen Universität München wurden 9,3% positiv auf eine Essstörung gescreent, wobei Frauen ein signifikant höheres Risiko aufwiesen. Diese erhöhten Werte zeigen die Notwendigkeit von Ursachenforschung und Präventionsmaßnahmen im Setting Universität.
Environment as the risk factor for tuberculosis in Malaysia: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Mohidem Nur Adibah , Hashim Zailina , Osman Malina , Muharam Farrah Melissa , Elias Saliza Mohd , Shaharudin Rafiza
Published: December 2020

Objective

To investigate the prevalence and incidence of TB by focusing on its environmental risk factor in Malaysia.

Content

Databases search of Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Plus, MyJournal, Biblioteca Regional de Medicina (BIREME), BioMed Central (BMC) Public Health, Medline, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux (CAB), EMBASE (Excerpta Medica dataBASE) OVID, and Web of Science (WoS) was performed, which include the article from 1st January 2008 until 31st August 2018 using medical subject heading (MeSH). Articles initially identified were screened for relevance.

Out of 744 papers screened, nine eligible studies did meet our inclusion criteria. Prison and housing environments were evaluated for TB transmission in living environment, while the other factor was urbanization. However, not all association for these factors were statistically significant, thus assumed to be conflicting or weak to end up with a strong conclusion.

Outlook

Unsustainable indoor environment in high congregate setting and overcrowding remained as a challenge for TB infection in Malaysia. Risk factors for transmission of TB, specifically in high risk areas, should focus on the implementation of specialized program. Further research on health care environment, weather variability, and air pollution are urgently needed to improve the management of TB transmission.
The indicators and methods used for measuring urban liveability: a scoping review
Authors: Khorrami Zahra , Ye Tingting , Sadatmoosavi Ali , Mirzaee Moghaddameh , Fadakar Davarani Mohammad Mehdi , Khanjani Narges
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Liveability is a multi-dimensional and hierarchical concept which consists of various criteria and sub-criteria and may be evaluated in different ways. The aim of this study was to systematically review indicators and methods used for the evaluation of urban liveability in literature.

Content

The five-stage methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley was used to conduct this scoping review. A systematic search of electronic databases, including Scopus, Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Web of Science and EBSCO was done until May 29, 2019. Web searching, searching reference lists and hand searching was also conducted to retrieve more relevant articles. Two reviewers screened the papers for eligibility based on the inclusion criteria and extracted their key data and reported them descriptively.

Sixty seven (67) out of 3,599 papers met the selection criteria. This review showed five distinct domains considered to be important components of liveability. These were Economical, Environmental, Institutional, Social, and Governance (Political) domains. The most important subdomains (indices) which were frequently applied in various studies were Environmental friendliness and Sustainability, Socio-Cultural Conditions and Economic Vibrancy and Competitiveness. We also identified seven different methodologies and six ranking tools used for assessing urban liveability. Among the quantitative methods, three methods accounted for 89.6% of the articles. These methods were the Analytical hierarchy process and entropy (AHP; n=24; 50%), Factor analysis & Principle Component Analysis (FA & PCA; n=12; 25%) and Spatial Multi-criteria Decision-making Method (Spatial; n=7; 14.6%). Among the ranking tools used, three ranking tools accounted for 65.4% of the articles. These tools were the Livable City Scientific Evaluation Standards (LCSES; n=9; 34.6%), The Global Liveable Cities Index (GLCI; n=4; 15.4%) and the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU; n=4; 15.4%).

Outlook

This paper discusses and summarizes the latest indicators and methods used for determining urban liveability. The information offered in the review can help future investigators to decide which method suits their purpose and situation better and measure urban liveability more systematically than before.
Sí queals polyphone Struktur im gesprochenen Spanisch
Authors: Thaler Verena
Published: December 2020

The paper studies the use ofsí quein spoken Spanish from an interactional perspective. It argues thatsí queutterances have a polyphonic meaning structure in the sense that they express different points of view which can be attributed to different enunciators (Ducrot 1982, 1984) and are characterized by a specific kind of adversative relation. The paper studies the specific polyphonic structure ofsí queutterances examining (a) to which kinds of enunciators the respective points of view can be attributed, (b) in which kind of semantic relation they stand to each other, and (c) how they become manifest within the discourse. It is argued that a description within a theory of polyphony can not only account for cases in which an opposing position is rejected by the use ofsí que, but also for the more interesting cases in which no rejection of an alternative proposition is involved.
The effects of COVID-19 on Airbnb
Authors: Boros Lajos , Dudás Gábor , Kovalcsik Tamás
Published: December 2020

COVID-19 pandemic starting at the end of 2019, hit hard tourism and hospitality industries throughout the world. As a part of the processes, the most popular P2P accommodation service, the Airbnb also faced a rapid drop in bookings. This study explores and compares the effects of the first wave of the pandemic on the Airbnb markets of 15 cities. The analysis is based on the data retrieved from Insideairbnb.com. Booking trends are compared between 2019 and 2020 and a day-to-day analysis of occupancy rates during the first months of 2020 is also performed. Special attention was paid to the effects of pandemic on different price categories of listings. The results show that the evolution of local pandemic situation had the most significant impact on bookings and occupancy rates in the investigated cities. The characteristics of local markets and the pandemic and economic situation of sending countries had also great influence on the bookings and cancellations. In addition, in some cases the cancellations did not affect the reservations made for the later periods, meaning that tourists hoped for a quick recovery. The effect on price categories was also different from one location to another. The study provides empirical insights to the effects of the disease on P2P accommodations. Furthermore, the future of short-term rentals is also discussed briefly.
ANKRD26 recruits PIDD1 to centriolar distal appendages to activate the PIDDosome following centrosome amplification
Authors: Evans Lauren T , Anglen Taylor , Scott Phillip , Lukasik Kimberly , Loncarek Jadranka , Holland Andrew J
Published: December 2020

Centriole copy number is tightly maintained by the once‐per‐cycle duplication of these organelles. Centrioles constitute the core of centrosomes, which organize the microtubule cytoskeleton and form the poles of the mitotic spindle. Centrosome amplification is frequently observed in tumors, where it promotes aneuploidy and contributes to invasive phenotypes. In non‐transformed cells, centrosome amplification triggers PIDDosome activation as a protective response to inhibit cell proliferation, but how extra centrosomes activate the PIDDosome remains unclear. Using a genome‐wide screen, we identify centriole distal appendages as critical for PIDDosome activation in cells with extra centrosomes. The distal appendage protein ANKRD26 is found to interact with and recruit the PIDDosome component PIDD1 to centriole distal appendages, and this interaction is required for PIDDosome activation following centrosome amplification. Furthermore, a recurrent ANKRD26 mutation found in human tumors disrupts PIDD1 localization and PIDDosome activation in cells with extra centrosomes. Our data support a model in which ANKRD26 initiates a centriole‐derived signal to limit cell proliferation in response to centrosome amplification.
ANÁLISIS DE LAS LESIONES Y HÁBITOS MÁS FRECUENTES DE LOS TRIATLETAS DURANTE LA COMPETICIÓN
Authors: Reyes-Casas S. , Ramos-Ortega J. , Reina-Bueno M. , Mahillo-Durán R. , Castillo-López JM.
Published: December 2020

Los objetivos de este trabajo son determinar y analizar las lesiones y los hábitos más frecuentes en triatletas durante el desarrollo de una prueba. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal y retrospectivo. 
La muestra la componen 84 participantes (76 hombres y 8 mujeres) que participaron en el XVII Triatlón de Sevilla (Categorías Super Sprint, Sprint y Olímpica). Se pasaron dos cuestionarios, uno antes y otro posterior a la prueba, en los que se registraron entre otras las variables: antecedentes de lesiones deportivas, tratamientos previos, incidencias y lesiones ocurridas durante la prueba, etc.
Los triatletas sufren una alta incidencia de lesiones podológicas dérmicas durante la práctica deportiva, el 65% sufrió lesión en el pie, de las que 27,5% fueron ampollas y el 30% fueron heridas. El 72,4% de los participantes en la distancia Olímpica presentó ampollas en los pies.  El 50% de los participantes sufrieron lesiones deportivas a lo largo de su trayectoria como triatleta, siendo el pie, la rodilla y la pierna, las zonas más lesionadas.
Según estos datos es necesario desarrollar un Programa de Salud podológica para triatletas.
Perspectivas de la educación rural en Iberoamérica. Equidad, inclusión e innovación
Authors: Galván Mora Lucila , Cadavid Rojas Ana Maria
Published: December 2020

Este artículo tiene el propósito principal de presentar los seis artículos que integran este Monográfico, a través de una breve reseña de cada uno de ellos. Todos son producto de investigaciones educativas realizadas por los autores y autoras, búsquedas de sentido sobre el papel histórico y político que ha jugado la escuela rural en los países de la región. Las temáticas que abordan los textos son diversas, así como las perspectivas teóricas y procedimientos metodológicos que sostienen las interpretaciones y respaldan los hallazgos. El eje articulador está dado por la intención compartida de revalorar el papel de la escuela rural en el mundo contemporáneo, y sumar esfuerzos para promover la equidad, la inclusión y la innovación educativas.
Programas educativos dirigidos a poblaciones de los territorios rurales. Experiencias en Argentina y México
Authors: Juárez Bolaños Diego
Published: December 2020

El artículo examina un par de programas: los Centros Educativos para la Producción Total en Argentina y el Programa de Consolidación de Escuelas y Transporte Escolar Aprender en Grande de México. El objetivo es describir su implementación, identificar retos que han enfrentado y contrastar dos opciones pensadas y diseñadas para la atención educativa de las poblaciones rurales. Es un estudio cualitativo, los datos se obtuvieron mediante la revisión documental, la aplicación de entrevistas a docentes, autoridades y académicos, además de visitas y observaciones en escuelas rurales. Entre los hallazgos en el contraste de ambos programas se identifican: las diferencias que tienen en los significados de participación comunitaria, en la pertinencia de los contenidos escolares y en el fomento del arraigo de los alumnos a sus localidades de origen. Mientras el caso argentino parte del reconocimiento de una participación activa de las familias en los procesos pedagógicos y de gestión escolar; en el mexicano la colaboración de los miembros de las localidades tiene una perspectiva operativa en el funcionamiento del programa y los contenidos escolares no cuentan con abordajes específicos de temas rurales. Este último caso parece ser un programa que cumple con la meta para ampliar la cobertura educativa de los niveles de secundaria y media superior, pero no desde una perspectiva de inclusión, ya que no impulsa el reconocimiento ni la atención educativa de la diversidad social.
Las guías de aprendizaje: el currículo que se define para la escuela primaria rural desde el modelo Escuela Nueva en Colombia
Authors: Cadavid Rojas Ana María
Published: December 2020

Para comprender la educación rural en Colombia, se hace necesario centrar la atención en el modelo Escuela Nueva, que surge en la década de los 70s del siglo XX como una alternativa para mejorar los problemas de acceso a la educación primaria por parte de la población rural. Su implementación cuenta con más de medio siglo, y aunque su evaluación y revisión ha pasado por distintos momentos en las políticas educativas del país y en las investigaciones académicas, la educación rural que concibe e instala el modelo, sigue siendo un tema vigente en las escuelas rurales multigrado. Es así, que este artículo parte del interés por comprender el componente curricular del modelo Escuela Nueva, específicamente las Guías de Aprendizaje. La investigación se inscribe en un estudio cualitativo desde el cual fue posible el rastreo de las nociones de tiempo escolar, alumno y maestros presentes en la estructura de las Guías. Entre los hallazgos, se encontró que las Guías entendidas como el currículo definido para las escuelas rurales primarias oficiales funcionan como artefactos diseñados para dar cuenta, de manera anticipada, de las necesidades de la enseñanza con una función orientadora y regulativa del transcurrir de la labor del maestro. Así mismo, se concluye que el currículo en el Modelo Escuela Nueva presentado en las Guías se organiza desde una estructuración de contenidos divididos, separados y estáticos que no consideran la didáctica multigrado.
Análisis de la formación inicial en escuela rural en los Grados de Magisterio: valoraciones y percepciones del alumnado como agentes implicados
Authors: Anzano Oto Silvia , Vázquez Toledo Sandra , Liesa Orús Marta
Published: December 2020

La formación para el desempeño laboral en un contexto rural es clave, sin embargo, numerosos estudios han evidenciado un déficit formativo. Analizar la formación que posee un maestro para responder a la especificidad de la escuela rural es esencial para poder adaptar dicha formación a las necesidades de esta. Ante esta situación surge esta investigación de corte cuantitativo que pretende indagar y profundizar en las valoraciones y percepciones de los estudiantes del Grado de Magisterio sobre la formación inicial que han recibido sobre la escuela rural durante sus cuatro años de formación universitaria, así como analizar la posible influencia que tiene el conocimiento y contacto previo con la escuela rural. Los resultados revelan que la formación recibida sobre escuela rural no es suficiente y es excesivamente teórica, los sujetos valoran que no poseen las suficientes competencias, lo que los lleva a percibirse como poco capacitados para afrontar la realidad de su futura labor profesional en este ámbito, principalmente aquellas personas que han vivido alejadas de las zonas rurales. Todos ellos coinciden en que se necesitan mejoras en esta formación, partiendo de la necesidad de vincularla a la realidad práctica. Entre las conclusiones destaca la urgente necesidad de incluir contenidos específicos y con suficiente entidad en la formación inicial de maestros para proporcionarles las herramientas y estrategias necesarias para desarrollar su profesión en el ámbito rural. Respondiendo así a una formación integral del maestro que pueda dar respuesta a las necesidades de la educación del momento y en cada contexto.
Aplicación de los estilos de aprendizaje según el modelo de Felder y Silverman para el desarrollo de competencias clave en la práctica docente
Authors: Marcos Salas Beatriz , Alarcón Martínez Virginia , Serrano Amarilla Natalia , Cuetos Revuelta Mª José , Manzanal Martínez Ana Isabel
Published: December 2020

El diseño de procesos de aprendizaje supone un enriquecimiento en las experiencias del alumnado fortaleciendo y desarrollando competencias clave que les permitan transferir el conocimiento a cualquier situación. Sin embargo, el profesor encuentra frecuentemente dificultades a la hora de llevar a la práctica el enfoque basado en competencias entre otras causas debido a la diversidad de estilos de aprendizaje en el aula. Por eso, el objetivo general de este trabajo es ofrecer un listado de estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje que no son excluyentes y que ayudarán al docente a tratar los distintos contenidos en función de los estilos de aprendizaje propuestos por Felder y Silverman (1988) y de las competencias clave que potencian. De esta manera, será capaz de crear diseños de instrucción más completos y eficaces, seleccionando estrategias de aprendizaje en función de la diversidad de estilos del aula y asegurándose alcanzar las competencias clave. Así se garantiza una educación personalizada, teniendo en cuenta las preferencias del alumnado en cuanto a cómo quiere que se le presente la información, facilitando que se logre un aprendizaje más significativo y una mejor aplicación de los conocimientos para afrontar situaciones de la vida real, donde puedan aplicar habilidades como el pensamiento crítico, la colaboración, la argumentación y la justificación.
Leitura e produção de cordel para escolares do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Rodrigues da Silva Adielle
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo analisa como a literatura de cordel pode ser tratada no 2º Ano do Ensino Fundamental, já que se trata de textos que podem ser explorados quanto a sua estrutura. Dessa forma, a leitura tanto de mundo quanto da palavra é importante para conduzir o leitor a diversas compreensões sobre texto e sobre a sociedade, facilitando o processo de produção textual dos mesmos. Assim, o trabalho com a leitura deve ser de forma constante, para despertar o hábito nos educandos. Fundamentado nos cordéis de literatura infantil, buscou-se apresentar obras de diferentes autores para servir de referência para o leitor criar a sua realização literária. Além disso, foi abordada a estrutura do texto, identificação de rimas e análise estrutural de palavras. Os resultados comprovam que a literatura de cordel contribui para a formação de leitores e escritores, principalmente por meio das atividades desenvolvidas em sala de aula, como a leitura e produção de cordel, e a arte da xilogravura.
"QUALITY BY DESIGN" IN LIPOSOMAL DRUGS CREATION
Authors:   National Technical University ", Krasnopolsky Yu. М. ,   Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute",   , Ukraine
Published: December 2020

Nanobiotechnological preparations creation is one of the promising areas of modern pharmacy, since it allows creating products of a qualitatively new level. The procedure development, based on an understanding of the product characteristics and the technological process, confirmed by reliable scientific data. The article is devoted to the pharmaceutical development of liposomal drugs. On the basis of our own experience in the development of liposomal medicinal forms, as well as on the basis of literature data, the main components in their composition were detected and these components impact on the quality indicators of liposomes were studied. Individual lipids function in nanoparticle membrane and their interaction, which determines the stability both in the technological process and upon storage of the product, were considered. The advantages and disadvantages of cholesterol incorporation into liposomes with hydrophilic and hydrophobic active pharmaceutical ingredients were described. Cryoprotectors and buffer systems role in ensuring nanopreparation stability is discussed.
O televisionamento do mundo
Authors: Leal Bruno Souza , Jácome Phellipy , Borges Felipe
Published: December 2020

A televisão historicamente vem sendo pensada por meio de uma série de relações dicotômicas, que propõem um “dentro” e um “fora” bem delimitados e pacificados. Em contraposição a essa perspectiva, neste artigo, buscamos desenvolver um exercício reflexivo e historicizante sobre modos de entendimento da TV, a partir de um termo que já foi muito usado, mas que vem caindo em desuso nos últimos anos: trata-se do substantivo “televisionamento”. A partir da recuperação da força dessa metáfora e da exploração de certos fenômenos midiáticos atuais (advindos da TV “convencional” e do YouTube, por exemplo), propomos um passeio sobre diferentes textualidades televisivas, abordando algumas de suas transformações, questionando perspectivas autocentradas. Concluímos ressaltando a importância de se abandonar análises midiacêntricas a fim de se compreender a formação e a experiência dos telespectadores atuais, bem como as novas realidades que estão sendo construídas em meio a esse televisionamento do mundo.
Representação do punk rock paulista em capas de disco
Authors: Vargas Herom , Souza Renan Marchesini de Quadros
Published: December 2020

A proposta deste artigo é analisar as formas de representação do punk rock de São Paulo e da região do ABC paulista nas imagens das capas de discos long playing (LP). As noções de representação e cultura, a partir de Stuart Hall (2016), e texto cultural e semiosfera, de Iuri Lotman (1996), serão as bases para oentendimento da capa enquanto elemento cultural de mediação. 26 discoscompõem o corpus analisado, sendo três coletâneas seminais do movimento e 23 lançados por sete bandas paulistas importantes na década de 1980 e início de 1990: Cólera, Garotos Podres, Inocentes, Mercenárias, Olho Seco, Ratos de Porão e Restos de Nada. As representações ocorrem em imagens figurativas e abstratas de quatro maneiras básicas: colagem e estética “suja”; figuração do personagem punk; imagens de violência, abjeção e tensão; críticas ao capitalismo e à sociedade de consumo.