bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Book Review of Subhankar Banerjee, ed., Arctic Voices. Resistance at the Tipping Point // Reseña de Arctic Voices. Resistance at the Tipping Point, editado por Subhankar Banerjee
Authors: Hennig Reinhard
Published: March 2020

Book review of Subhankar Banerjee, Arctic Voices. Resistance at the Tipping Point
Editorial 4.2.
Authors: Goodbody Axel Howarth
Published: March 2020

Editorial 4.2.
In The Mouth of The Filomena // En la boca de la Filomena
Authors: Casulá Carma
Published: March 2020

In the Mouth of the Filomena is an artistic installation in the Mines of “Ojos Negros” [Black Eyes] (Sierra Menera, Teruel, Spain) I carried out as a guest artist in memory of this mining district close in 1986.
Book Review of Ecocriticism and Early Modern English Literature: Green Pastures // Reseña de Ecocriticism and Early Modern English Literature: Green Pastures
Authors: Gillen Katherine A.
Published: March 2020

Review of Ecocriticism and Early Modern English Literature: Green Pastures
Book Review of Ecopoetics: The Language of Nature, the Nature of Language // Reseña de Ecopoetics: The Language of Nature, the Nature of Language
Authors: Nolan Sarah
Published: March 2020

Review of Scott Knickerbocker's Ecopoetics: The Language of Nature, the Nature of Language
The Ecopoetics of Survival: The Transborder Immigrant Tool and The Desert Survival Series // La ecopoética de la supervivencia: Transborder Immigrant Tool y The Desert Survival Series
Authors: Zeiger Melissa Fran
Published: March 2020

The Desert Survival Series (2010, 2014) by Amy Sara Carroll, a set of poems that forms part of an activist project called the Transborder Immigrant Tool, departs from the methods of both radical political poetry and some avant-gardist forms of aesthetic resistance that rely on a poetics of randomness to challenge the prevailing order. Instead, the DSS employs design—the design of the poetic object revealing other designs—as a political resource. It addresses a group endangered and abjected by the United States government: migrants crossing the Sonora desert. In doing so, it recalls traditional forms such as the pastoral and the georgic in order to reimagine earlier attitudes toward poetic making, hierarchical politics, and the environment. Orienting in their address to migrants, disorienting and counterintuitive with reference to their contemporary poetic context, the poems are of interest for debates around ecopoetics, because they make an intervention in the domains of environmental poetry as well as political activism of the border. Resumen      La serie Desert Survival (Supervivencia en el desierto) (2010, 2014) de Amy Sara Carroll, un grupo de poemas dentro del proyecto artivista llamado Transborder Immigrant Tool (La Herramienta del Inmigrante Transfronterizo), se aleja de los métodos tanto de la poesía política más radical como de algunas formas de vanguardistas de resistencia estética dependientes de una poética de lo aleatorio para desafiar el orden predominante. En su lugar, la serie Desert Survival utiliza el diseño—el diseño del objeto poético que revela otros posibles diseños—como una herramienta política. Esta enfocada a un grupo en peligro y vilipendiado por el gobierno de Estados Unidos: los migrantes cruzando el desierto de Sonora. De esta manera, recupera formas tradicionales como el género pastoril y las geórgicas para reimaginar actitudes pasadas hacia la creación poética, la política jerárquica y el medio ambiente. Los poemas están dirigidos a orientar a los migrantes, aunque su vocación en el contexto poético contemporáneo es desorientadora y contraintuitiva. Son poemas interesantes en los debates de lo ecopoético, pues postulan la intervención de la poesía sobre el medio ambiente al igual que sobre el activismo político en la frontera.
Editorial
Authors: Benvegnù Damiano
Published: March 2020

Editorial Creative Writing and Art.
Whole Issue
Authors: Kerslake Lorraine
Published: March 2020

Whole Issue
The Wake of Wonder
Authors: Rowley Rosemarie
Published: March 2020

It is part of a sonnet sequence in seven parts, each a crown of sonnets. It explores the environmental crisis in a structured formal work.
The Dog-Fabulist: Glimpses of the Posthuman in A Dog’s Heart (1925) by Mikhail Bulgakov
Authors: Gussago Luigi
Published: March 2020

Mikhail Bulgakov’s science-fiction novella A Dog’s Heart (Собачье сердце, 1925) is a brilliantly wry account of an experiment to graft human organs onto the body of a stray mutt, with unexpected consequences. The dog turns into a despicable, unruly hominid that wreaks havoc in Professor Preobrazhensky’s already endangered bourgeois existence. Critics have seen the story mostly as a prophecy predicting the downfall of the homo sovieticus: the uncontaminated, witty voice of the dog-narrator does not spare either the aristocratic opportunists of the new regime, or the violent, unruly proletarians. However, from an animal studies perspective, Bulgakov’s story, along with examples from Mikhail Zoschchenko’s and William Golding’s anti-utopian fiction, may also be investigated as an exhortation to discover new narratives of “intra-action” (Barad) among all sorts of living agencies, and as an enactment of what Joseph Meeker calls the “play ethic,” where more-than-human and human beings participate on equal terms in the game of survival and co-evolution. Through a comparative analysis of the three main characters, Sharik, Sharikov and Preobrazhensky, this article shows how Bulgakov’s story is not only a fable about human fallibility and political conflicts, but also opens a window onto a posthuman alternative.
Singer l'homme pour mieux le démasquer. Le projet écologique de Pierre Huyghe
Authors: Lecomte Vincent
Published: March 2020

Dans l'œuvre de Pierre Huyghe, la présence animale, sans remettre en question la présence humaine, peut aider à définir ce qui fait « l'humain de l'homme ». C'est notamment l'une des ambitions de son film Untitled (Human Mask) (2014) qui met en scène un singe portant un masque anthropomorphe. L'artiste cherche une fois de plus à créer un écosystème dans lequel évolue l'animal, son intervention ayant pour effet de produire une forme de réincarnation du corps humain, et le réinvestissement de son milieu. Grâce à cet acteur malgré lui, et sur les lieux mêmes de la catastrophe de Fukushima, Huyghe revisite, voire déjoue l'œuvre de l'homme et, partant, ses représentations du monde.
Contre-culture et environnementalisme au Québec : Une écosociété à bâtir
Authors: Isabel Mariève
Published: March 2020

Résumé

      En lisant les commentaires de la critique littéraire contemporaine à propos des discours contre-culturels des années 1970, il ressort parfois que l’héritage laissé par ce mouvement au Québec est assez mince. On pourrait conclure que la contre-culture n’a finalement pas laissé de grandes traces dans les discours d’aujourd’hui et qu’elle n’a pas modifié en profondeur ni en surface les discours politiques de la société québécoise. Mais qu’en est-il du vaste mouvement environnemental que l’on observe depuis environ deux décennies? Ne fait-il pas partie, lui aussi, de l’héritage contre-culturel? Dans cet article, j’aimerais suggérer que l’héritage laissé par la contre-culture est à rechercher du côté de l’environnementalisme qui caractérise le 21e siècle. Pour comprendre comment les discours de la contre-culture ont contribué à façonner les discours environnementaux d’aujourd’hui, je propose de centrer mon analyse sur l’idée d’une société utopique à créer, pour montrer que l’héritage contre-culturel se retrouve en grande partie dans l’imaginaire environnemental québécois et plus précisément dans l’idée d’une « écosociété ». À partir de quelques numéros de Mainmise et d’essais de l’époque, il sera possible de montrer la résonnance de ces discours dans la littérature québécoise contemporaine.
Reseña de Postgrowth Imaginaries: New Ecologies and Counterhegemonic Culture in Post-2008 Spain
Authors: Rivero-Vadillo Alejandro
Published: March 2020

Reseña.
Book Review of Nordic Narratives of Nature and the Environment: Ecocritical Approaches to Northern European Literatures and Cultures
Authors: Ditter Julia
Published: March 2020

Book review.
TRAO ĐỔI THÊM VỀ THỜI ĐIỂM RA ĐỜI CỦA TÍN NGƯỠNG THỜ MẪU TAM PHỦ
Authors: Trình Cao Thế
Published: March 2020

Trên cơ sở phân tích các dữ liệu huyền thoại, các đạo sắc phong, và bối cảnh lịch sử, tác giả bài báo cho rằng tín ngưỡng thờ Mẫu nói chung có thể ra đời sớm và gắn với khát vọng phồn thực của cư dân nông nghiệp, còn tín ngưỡng thờ Mẫu Tam phủ là tục thờ vị Nữ thần Tài Lộc của tầng lớp nữ tiểu thương, gắn với nhu cầu về một vị nữ thần phù trợ, “ban tài phát lộc” cho những người làm nghề buôn bán. Do vậy, tín ngưỡng thờ Mẫu Tam phủ không thể xuất hiện sớm hơn thời điểm đầu thế kỷ thứ XVII, bởi các nguồn tài liệu thư tịch của Việt Nam và các giáo sỹ phương Tây thời đó đều chưa đề cập tới huyền thoại và hiện tượng thờ Mẫu Liễu ở Đàng ngoài. Là loại hình tín ngưỡng hình thành và phát triển trên cơ sở hoạt động buôn bán nhỏ lẻ, nên khi đất nước vận hành nền kinh tế theo cơ chế thị trường, nó đã bùng phát mạnh mẽ cả về cơ sở thờ tự và hoạt động lên đồng - hầu bóng, gây lãng phí về thời gian, tiền của, và sức khỏe của tín đồ. Để tín ngưỡng thờ Mẫu phát triển lành mạnh đúng với bản chất tốt đẹp của nó, theo tác giả cần hết sức cảnh giác với hiện tượng “thương mại hóa” hoạt động thờ Mẫu nói chung và lên đồng nói riêng.
MỘT SỐ ĐẶC ĐIỂM CỦA QUÁ TRÌNH KHẨN HOANG, XÁC LẬP CHỦ QUYỀN Ở VÙNG ĐẤT NAM BỘ THẾ KỶ XVII - XVIII
Authors: Mai Trần Thị
Published: March 2020

Trong hai thế kỷ XVII và XVIII, công cuộc khẩn hoang vùng đất Nam Bộ của chính quyền Đàng Trong và các tầng lớp nhân dân Việt, Hoa, Khmer, Chăm… đã đưa đến việc xác lập chủ quyền trên vùng đất này. Nghiên cứu này trình bày các đặc điểm về quá trình khẩn hoang và xác lập chủ quyền qua các khía cạnh: Quá trình khẩn hoang vùng đất Nam Bộ là sự tiếp nối quá trình khẩn hoang và mở cõi của các thế hệ người Việt Nam theo hướng chủ đạo về phương nam; Quá trình khẩn hoang vùng đất Nam Bộ là quá trình chinh phục vùng đất hoang nhàn đầy thách thức và khó khăn; Quá trình khẩn hoang vùng đất Nam Bộ là quá trình mở rộng khối đoàn kết cộng đồng theo xu hướng thống nhất và hướng tâm; Quá trình khẩn hoang vùng đất Nam Bộ cũng đồng thời là quá trình xác lập chủ quyền theo phương thức thụ đắc lãnh thổ; và Quá trình khẩn hoang và xác lập chủ quyền trên vùng đất Nam Bộ gắn liền với quá trình mở rộng bang giao và nâng cao vị thế quốc gia dân tộc.
The perceived present: What is it, and what is it there for?
Authors: White Peter A.
Published: March 2020

It is proposed that the perceived present is not a moment in time, but an information structure comprising an integrated set of products of perceptual processing. All information in the perceived present carries an informational time marker identifying it as “present”. This marker is exclusive to information in the perceived present. There are other kinds of time markers, such as ordinality (“this stimulus occurred before that one”) and duration (“this stimulus lasted for 50 ms”). These are different from the “present” time marker and may be attached to information regardless of whether it is in the perceived present or not. It is proposed that the perceived present is a very short-term and very high-capacity holding area for perceptual information. The maximum holding time for any given piece of information is ~100 ms: This is affected by the need to balance the value of informational persistence for further processing against the problem of obsolescence of the information. The main function of the perceived present is to facilitate access by other specialized, automatic processes.
Distinctive Reactivity of N-benzylidene-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-amines under Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Tambe Shrikant , Min Kwan Hong , Iqbal Naeem , Cho Eun Jin
Published: March 2020

A simple photocatalytic method was developed for the synthesis of unsymmetrical 1,2-diamines by the unprecedented reductive coupling of N-benzylidene-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-amines with an aliphatic amine. The presence of phenyl substituent in the aniline moiety of the substrate was critical for the reactivity. The reaction proceeded via radical-radical cross-coupling of a-amino radicals generated by proton-coupled single-electron transfer in the presence of an Ir-photocatalyst. On the other hand, symmetrical 1,2-diamines were selectively produced from the same starting materials by judicious choice of the reaction conditions, showcasing the distinct reactivity of N-benzylidene-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-amines. The developed method can be employed for the synthesis of various bulky vicinal diamines, which are potential ligands in stereoselective synthesis.
Local transformations with a singular wavelet
Authors: Romanchak V. M.
Published: March 2020

The paper considers a local wavelet transform with a singular basis wavelet. The problem of nonparametric approximation of a function is solved by the use of the  sequence of local wavelet transforms. Traditionally believed that the wavelet should have an average equal to zero. Earlier, the author considered  singular wavelets when the average value is not equal to zero. As an example, the delta-shaped functions, participated in the estimates of Parzen – Rosenblatt and Nadara – Watson, were used as a wavelet. Previously,  a sequence of wavelet transforms for the entire numerical axis and finite interval was constructed for singular wavelets. 

The paper proposes a sequence of local wavelet transforms, a local wavelet transform is defined, the theorems that formulate the properties of a local wavelet transform are proved. To confirm the effectiveness of the algorithm an example of approximating the function by use of  the sum of discrete local wavelet transforms is given.
Comparative study of quality estimation of binary classification
Authors: Starovoitov V. V. , Golub Yu. I.
Published: March 2020

The paper describes results of analytical and experimental analysis of seventeen functions used for evaluation of binary classification results of arbitrary data. The results are presented by 2×2 error matrices. The behavior and properties of the main functions calculated by the elements of such matrices are studied.  Classification options with balanced and imbalanced datasets are analyzed. It is shown that there are linear dependencies between some functions, many functions are invariant to the transposition of the error matrix, which allows us to calculate the estimation without specifying the order in which their elements were written to the matrices.

It has been proven that all classical measures such as Sensitivity, Specificity, Precision, Accuracy, F1, F2, GM, the Jacquard index are sensitive to the imbalance of classified data and distort estimation of smaller class objects classification errors. Sensitivity to imbalance is found in the Matthews correlation coefficient and Kohen’s kappa. It has been experimentally shown that functions such as the confusion entropy, the discriminatory power, and the diagnostic odds ratio should not be used for analysis of binary classification of imbalanced datasets. The last two functions are invariant to the imbalance of classified data, but poorly evaluate results with approximately equal common percentage of classification errors in two classes.

We proved that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) and the Yuden index calculated from the binary classification confusion matrix are linearly dependent and are the best estimation functions of both balanced and imbalanced datasets.
Valoración spcial de políticas públicas dirigidas a la niñez y adolescencia en la provincia de Córdoba. Aplicación de encuestas de preferencias declaradas y estimación de modelos de elección discreta. /
Authors: Pompilio Sartori Juan José , Robles Ana María , Oviedo Jorge Mauricio , Castañeda Ariel
Published: March 2020

Este estudio presenta estimaciones de modelos de elección discreta utilizando encuestas de preferencias declaradas realizadas a una muestra de trabajadores de la provincia de Córdoba, para luego calcular la valoración social de políticas públicas dirigidas a mejorar el bienestar de niños y adolescentes.

ABSTRACT:

This study presents estimates of discrete choice models using stated preference surveys with a sample of workers in the province of Cordoba, then calculate the social assessment of public policies aimed at improving the welfare of children and adolescents.
Integrarse. Modelo de medición de la responsabilidad social empresaria. / Integrate. Bussines social responsability measurement model.
Authors: Saldaña Larrondo Dulce Eloísa , Coutiño Audiffred Salvador
Published: March 2020

Esta investigación muestra la creación de un modelo vivo de medición de la Responsabilidad Social (RS), adaptado al estado de Querétaro, que funciona como una plataforma que orienta el sistema de gestión empresarial hacia la RS. El modelo busca atender la inquietud del sector productivo sobre la posibilidad de impactar positivamente en su entorno social y ambiental.

ABSTRACT:

This research shows the creation of a Business Social Responsibility Model, that works as a platform to orient its administrative system toward social responsibility. The model searches to understand the concern of the productivity sector that sees the social Responsibility as a possibility to positively impact its social and environmental setting.
Un enfoque de decisión multicriterio aplicado a un problema de selección en el sector de la construcción. / A diffuse multicriterio decision approach applied to a selection problem in the construction sector.
Authors: Carignano Claudia Etna , Alberto Catalina Lucia , Ercole Raúl
Published: March 2020

El trabajo propone un modelo de decisión multicriterio TOPSIS en un entorno difuso para resolver un problema de localización de un barrio privado en el cual el decisor se enfrenta con estimaciones de los datos de entrada expresados como preferencias cualitativas.

ABSTRACT:

The paper proposes a model of multi-criteria decision in a fuzzy TOPSIS to solve a problem locating a private neighborhood. Some selection criterial have uncertain data decider difficult to make their judgments in numerical form.
Prevalence and structure of psychotic disorders in participants of military action
Authors: Pishel V. Ya. , Ilnytska T. Yu. , Drevitska O. O. , Polyvyana M. Yu.
Published: March 2020

Background. Military psychological trauma is today a very widespread phenomenon, which is an actual and socially significant problem of modern domestic psychiatry. Many of its aspects remain not fully disclosed, in particular, the clinical features of psychotic disorders in combatants. This necessitates the development of modern diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to the optimization of treatment-diagnostic and social-rehabilitation assistance in this category of patients.

Objective. Оn the basis of the analysis of literature data and own research to determine the prevalence and structure of psychotic disorders in participants in participants of military action.

Materials and methods. The analysis of the data of scientific researches and official statistics of the Ministry of Health concerning the prevalence and structure of psychotic disorders in the participants of combat operations is carried out.

Results. It was found high level of comorbidity of a martial psychic trauma with other mental illnesses – up to 75%. Psychotic signs most often appear in the clinic of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder and determine its more severe course, which can be compared with progressive forms of schizophrenia.

Conclusions. Significant prevalence of psychotic symptoms in the event of a military traumatic trauma in combatants indicates the urgent need for further study of signs of high risk of psychosis, as well as their early detection in order to optimize treatment and diagnostic and socio-rehabilitation care for this category of patients.
Clinical-psychological and pathopsychological features of mental disadaptation of students at a medical higher educational institution
Authors: Khaustov M. M.
Published: March 2020

Background. Education in university is a special period which characterized by a high level of stress and stress. In recent years, the prevalence of adaptation disorders has been growing in the student population, which is a significant medical, psychological and social problem, adversely affecting the effectiveness of future professional activities.

Objective – to develop a system of psychotherapeutic correction and psycho-prophylactic support during the period of professional education on the basis of a systematic approach to studying the mechanisms of formation of mental disadaptation states of medical students.

Materials and methods. A comprehensive examination of 412 students of II – V courses of the Kharkov National Medical University of both sexes and aged 17–22 years was conducted. All examined were divided into three groups: 1 group - 215 students - were residents of eastern Ukraine; 2 group - 87 students - were residents of the Lugansk and Donetsk regions, who entered the KNMU before the start of the ATO; 3 group - 110 students - were immigrants from the anti-terrorist operation zone. We used such research methods: clinical and psychopathological; anamnestic; psychodiagnostic and statistical.

Results. It has been established that the structure of adaptation disorders is represented by depressive, neurotic, anxious and dissociative syndrome complexes. Based on the obtained data, we have developed a system of medical and psychological support for a medical student during the education period, which provides for the use of complex psychotherapeutic, psycho-educational and psychoprophylactic actions.

Conclusions. The effectiveness of the proposed system of medical and psychological support has been proved. The positive dynamics of the mental state, the rapid reduction of anxious and depressive symptoms, the normalization of the emotional state, the increase in the psychophysical activity of students, the change of coping strategies to constructive ones have been established.
Genetic variability and population structure of some Iranian Salvia limbata C. A. Mey. populations
Authors: Talebi Seyed M. , Matsyura Alex V.
Published: March 2020

Salvia limbata is one of the aromatic herbs of Lamiaceae that naturally grows in different regions of Iran. This species has several usages in folk and modern medicine. In the current research, population genetic divergence and structure were evaluated in eight Iranian populations of this species. Nuclear genomes were extracted using CTAB method and amplified by ten ISSR primers. Parameters of genetic divergence changed among and within the examined populations. Percentage of among populations polymorphism was higher than within population ones in most of studied populations. It was supported by results of Analysis of Molecular Variance test, which revealed the large part of significant genetic variation belonged to among populations rather than within populations. In this regard, individuals of most populations were close together, while according to UPGMA tree, the studied populations were clustered into seven groups. STRUCTURE analysis and NJ tree produced similar results. The low rate of gene flow (Lm) and highest value of genetic differentiation (GST) confirmed the high genetic differentiation of the studied populations. Popart analysis revealed the occurrence of several mutations in order to adapt populations with environmental conditions. The occurrence of adaptive mutations and gene flow disruption due to habitat separation seems to differentiate the populations.
Sliding Mode Control-Based Chaos Stabilization in PM DC Motor Drive
Authors: Abdullah Mohammed , Tahir Fadhil , Abdul-Hassan Khalid
Published: March 2020

In this paper, a model of PM DC Motor Drive is presented. The nonlinear dynamics of PM DC Motor Drive is discussed. The drive system shows different dynamical behaviors; periodic, quasi-period, and chaotic and are characterized by bifurcation diagrams, time series evolution, and phase portrait. The stabilization of chaos to a fixed point is adopted using slide mode controller (SMC). The chaotic dynamics are suppressed and the fixed point dynamics are observed after the activation of proposed controller. Numerical simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method of control for stabilization the chaos and different disturbances in the system.
Delay Time Reduction in VCSELs by Optimizing Laser Parameters
Authors: Hisham Hisham
Published: March 2020

An extensive analysis on reducing the turn-on time delay (ton) in vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) has conducted successfully by considering all the recombination rate coefficients R(N) Besides the R(N) coefficients, the impact of other laser parameters such as, injection current (Iinj), laser cavity volume (V),mirror reflectivity (R), and operating temperature (T) also have investigated. Unlike pervious studies, the temperature dependence (TD) of ton is calculated according to TD of laser parameters instead of well-known Pankove relationship. Results showed that, ton can be reduced by increasing the Iinj and/or the Ni. Meanwhile, the ton increases by increasing the R(N) coefficients. Also, results showed that the ton can be reduced by increasing the R-level or by optimizing laser cavity volume.
Arabic Text Cryptanalysis Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Habeeb Rokaia
Published: March 2020

In this paper a Genetic Algorithm (GA) is proposed to attack an Arabic encrypted text by Vigenere cipher. The frequency of occurrence of Arabic letters has been calculated by using the text of the holy book of Quran, since it has rich language features compared to many other books. The algorithm is tested to find the key letters for different ciphertext sizes and key lengths. The results shows 100% correct letters retrieved from medium size ciphertext and short key length, while 90% of the ciphertext is retrieved from long ciphertext and medium key length, and 82% of the ciphertext is retrieved from long ciphertext and long key.
Management of Chronic Urticaria
Authors: Iftikhar Usma , Hasan Shawana Sharif
Published: March 2020

The management of urticaria, although complex, relies on two postulates:
• Recognition and eradication of the triggering factor(s)
• Provision of symptomatic relief

Recognition and eradication of the triggering factors(s)
Factors known are drugs, food, infections, and physical stimuli.
Drugs: Analgesics and NSAIDs can exacerbate already present urticaria and are also recognized triggers of new-onset urticaria.2 When suspected, they should be withdrawn entirely or can be replaced. ACE inhibitors can cause angioedema.
Eradication of infectious agents
Infections and infestations should be treated where suspected, including infections of the GI tract e.g., H Pylori associated gastritis3, nasopharyngeal bacterial infections, and intestinal worms.8
Management of diet
The allergens in food need to be avoided if a patient has type I hypersensitivity to any one of these allergens. Pseudo-allergic reactions5 which are not IgE mediated have been described for organic foods and food additives.9-13
Physical stimuli
They are usually recognized and controlled, e.g., in chronic pressure urticaria patients are advised to use bags with a wide handle and similarly, in symptomatic dermographism, simple avoidance of friction can give relief from symptoms.15
Symptomatic therapy
One of the objectives of symptomatic therapy is to mask the effects of histamine, platelet-activating factor, and other mast cell mediators. Histamine plays a primary role in inducing the symptoms associated with urticaria. The activation of receptors on endothelial cells by histamine results in wheals whereas this histamine receptor activation on sensory nerves results in itching. Different guidelines have been proposed for managing chronic urticaria including the EACCI [5] and BSACI [4].
Accuracy of cranial ultrasound in the diagnosis of hydrocephalus in children under 6 months of age keeping CT scan as a gold standard
Authors: Akram Rabia , Khalid Amna , Farman Wasif , Shah Fazal Hussain , Baig Hina , Ajaib Sadaf
Published: March 2020

Background: CT and MRI modalities are considered a gold standard for the diagnosis of hydrocephalus. The more readily available and cheap options like sonography are being sought out for the diagnosis of this entity.
Objectives: To determine the accuracy of cranial ultrasonography in the diagnosis of hydrocephalus keeping CT scan as a gold standard.
Study design: Cross-sectional study
Place and duration of study: Department of Pediatrics, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from 01-01-2017 to 30-06-2017
Materials and Methods: A total of 121 children with a clinical diagnosis of hydrocephalus were selected and subjected to ultrasound of the head. Subsequently, a CT scan of the head was done and both modalities were compared. The diagnostic accuracy of the ultrasound was determined to keep CT findings as to the gold standard.
Results: The mean age was 51.36 ± 34.01 days. The male gender was dominant as 81 (66.9%) patients were males. Ultrasonography of the head detected 93 (76.9%) patients with hydrocephalus while CT scan detected 90 (74.4%). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of USG to diagnosed hydrocephalus were 88.9%, 58.1%, 86.0%, 64.3% and 80.99% respectively
Conclusion: Ultrasonography of head is a valuable screening tool for the diagnosis of hydrocephalus.
Keywords: Hydrocephalus, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Ultrasonography
Comparing Pain and Trismus in “Primary” and “Secondary” closure of surgical wound after removal of Impacted Mandibular Third Molar
Authors: Shuja Eruj , Orakzai Gulmina Saeed , Khan Muhammad Nazir , Siddiqui Mohammed Omer
Published: March 2020

Background: Surgical removal of third molars is a routine procedure in Oral and Maxillofacial units. Different techniques are adopted by oral and maxillofacial surgeons for surgical wound closure such as primary and secondary closure. The objective of this study is to compare postoperative surgical complications such as pain and trismus in primary and secondary closure techniques after the surgical removal of the impacted mandibular third molar.
Methods: This randomized control trial was conducted in the Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry Rawalpindi. A total of 60 patients, 30 in each treatment group were included, Group 1 went under primary closure and Group 2 secondary closure. Pain assessment was done using visual analog scale VAS and trismus calculated measuring inter incisal opening on the 7th post-operative day. Data was analyzed using SPSS- 18. Descriptive statistics were employed for quantitative variables. Mean and standard deviation calculated. An independent sample t-test was used to compare mean pain and trismus between two groups. P-value ≤0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Out of 60 patients 37(61.7%) were males and 23(38.3%) females. The age range was 18 to 45 years. The most common age range in the study was 21 to 25 years (35%). Six (10%) patients presented with a dry socket. Eight patients (13.3%) presented with wound dehiscence, in primary closure. The Pain was more severe in primary closure as compared to secondary closure. The difference was statistically significant (p-value=0.002). Trismus was also more common in primary closure, the difference was statistically significant (p-value=0.003).
Conclusion: Pain and trismus was less severe in secondary closure as compared to primary closure
Keywords: Flap closure, impacted third molar, pain, primary closure, secondary closure, trismus.
Obstetric Cholestasis: Comparison of Maternal and Perinatal Outcome of Ursodeoxycholic Acid versus Placebo
Authors: Safdar Faiza , Kalsoom Shabana , Majeed Noreen , Nisa Khair-un , Rafique Shazia , Riaz Mamoona , Tariq Shamsa , Mehdi Mehreen
Published: March 2020

Objectives: Objective: To compare the maternal and perinatal outcomes of ursodeoxycholic acid with placebo in obstetric cholestasis.
Method: It was an open randomized parallel-group study with convenient sampling, conducted at Pakistan ordinance factories hospital (POF Hospital) Wah Cantt, from 1st June 2016-30th May 2019. Patients with obstetric cholestasis of pregnancy, diagnosed between 24-34 weeks of gestation, were randomized to receive either ursodeoxycholic acid 500mg twice daily or placebo one capsule twice daily for 4 weeks. The data was collected on a pre-designed proforma. The data of 84 patients, who full fill the inclusion criteria were analyzed using SPSS vs 19. Maternal outcomes measured were a relief in pruritus and a decrease in hepatic alanine aminotransferase levels (ALT) at the end of 2 weeks and 4 weeks of treatment. The mode of delivery was noted. Fetal outcomes measured were meconium staining of amniotic fluid and the need for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission.
Results: The results showed significant improvement in maternal itch score (P=0.001) and serum transaminases level (p=0.001) in patients using UDCA as compared to placebo. Although there were less number of caesarean sections (p=0.36), meconium-stained liquor (p=0.29) and NICU admissions (P=0.33) in the UDCA group the differences were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Treatment with UDCA in obstetric cholestasis improved maternal complaint of itching and decreased raised transaminases levels but did not affect significantly the mode of delivery, incidence of meconium-stained liquor and NICU admissions.
Keywords: Obstetric cholestasis, Ursodeoxycholic acid, perinatal outcome, Pruritus.
Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy:
A prospective analysis among ICU patients
Authors: Nasir Khawaja Kamal , Mansoor Faraz , Waqar Shahzad Hussain , Khan Shahab Zahid Ahmed , Jabeen Rakhshanda
Published: March 2020

Background: Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) is a simple bedside procedure, particularly useful in intensive care units. Over the last few decades, the technique of PDT has gained popularity due to its comparable safety to the more surgical tracheostomy (ST).
Objective: To describe the outcome of PDT using modified Ciaglia’s technique in patients of Surgical ICU.
Methodology: This was a prospective cohort study that analyzed the outcomes of PDTs carried out on critically ill patients admitted in the surgical ICU, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad from August 2015 to January 2017. All PDTs were performed by the presiding consultant and his team using modified Ciaglia’s (Blue Rhino) technique. The main outcome was the frequency of perioperative and early complications within the first six days. Demographic variables and complications were recorded. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 18.
Results: Seventy-four patients underwent PDTs in the surgical ICU with the mean age of the patients was 49.17 ± 12.82 years. The commonest indication of tracheostomy was prolonged mechanical ventilation followed by failure to wean. Complications rate was 12.16% of which perioperative bleeding occurred in 6.7% of patients. Early complications within the first six days were wound infection, tube displacement and blocked tube.
Conclusion: PDT is a valuable, efficacious and safe method that can be performed at the bedside with minimal complication rate and needs to be considered more frequently in the intensive care units in developing countries.
Keywords: Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy, Complications, Intensive Care Unit.
INKONSISTENSI KEBIJAKAN ENERGI DI INDONESIA: KAITANNYA TERHADAP PEMBERLAKUAN STANDAR EMISI GAS BUANG EURO 4
Authors: Efendi Agus , Karunian Alia Yofira , Arsani Ni Luh Putu Chintya
Published: March 2020

Disahkannya Perpres No. 191 Tahun 2014 tentang Penyediaan, Pendistribusian dan Harga Jual Eceran Bahan Bakar Minyak pada 31 Desember 2014 lalu menandakan komitmen Indonesia dalam mengurangi penggunaan energi tak ramah lingkungan. Perpres No. 191 Tahun 2014 ini membatasi pendistribusian Premium untuk wilayah yang menghasilkan gas buang kendaraan bermotor dengan jumlah besar seperti Jawa dan Bali. Namun, pada 24 Mei 2018 lalu, Presiden Jokowi mengesahkan Perpres No. 43 Tahun 2018 yang kembali mewajibkan pendistribusian Premium di wilayah Jawa dan Bali. Rencana ini bertentangan dengan komitmen Indonesia dalam mengimplementasikan baku mutu emisi gas buang Euro 4 yang diadopsi melalui Permen LH No. 20 Tahun 2017 tentang Baku Mutu Emisi Gas Buang Kendaraan Bermotor Tipe Baru Kategori M, N, dan O. Artikel ini mengaplikasikan metode penelitian audit kebijakan. Simpulan dari artikel ini adalah evidence-based policy making tidak diimplementasikan dalam perumusan Perpres No. 43 Tahun 2018. Meskipun bukti ilmiah menunjukkan bahwa Premium tidak memenuhi standar Euro 4, Pemerintah tetap bersikeras mewajibkan kembali pendistribusian Premium di wilayah Jawa dan Bali.
ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETAHANAN PANGAN: TELAAH INISIATIF DAN KEBIJAKAN
Authors: Perdinan Perdinan , Atmaja Tri , Adi Ryco F , Estiningtyas Woro
Published: March 2020

Dalam dua dekade terakhir, berbagai program intensifikasi penggunaan sarana produksi pertanian (misal: bantuan benih, pupuk bersubsidi, pupuk organik, dan perbaikan irigasi) telah berdampak terhadap peningkatan produksi beras nasional. Di balik keberhasilan program tersebut, fluktuasi kondisi iklim memberikan tantangan dalam mempertahankan stabilitas produksi nasional. Kondisi tersebut dapat diperparah dengan adanya potensi dampak negatif perubahan iklim yang berakibat pada penurunan produktivitas ataupun peningkatan serangan hama dan penyakit. Ancaman lainnya adalah peningkatan fenomena iklim ekstrem yang dapat menyebabkan bencana banjir dan kekeringan, sehingga berimplikasi pada gagal panen ataupun gagal tanam. Memperhatikan kondisi tersebut, tulisan ini membahas berbagai inisiatif adaptasi yang dilakukan melalui langkah praktis dan didorong oleh regulasi yang dikeluarkan pemerintah Indonesia. Praktik adaptasi dilakukan melalui insiatif mandiri berdasarkan kearifan lokal maupun bantuan pemerintah. Iniastif pemerintah terkait adaptasi dilakukan melalui Pedoman Umum Langkah-Langkah Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim (Pedum) dan langkah praktis dalam strategi budidaya yang responsif terhadap perubahan iklim.
Aktualisasi Pengelolaan Dana Lingkungan Hidup di Indonesia: Mencegah Penyimpangan Prinsip Pencemar Membayar dan Earmarking
Authors: Tando Adryan Adisaputra , Hindriadita Theresia E.K.
Published: March 2020

Tahun 2018 adalah momentum kebangkitan pemerintah berorientasi lingkungan hidup. Hal demikian bukan hanya karena penegakan hokum lingkungan yang semakin masif dilakukan, akan tetapi juga karena adanya perkembangan kebijakan yang bernuansa hijau. Pada September 2018, Pemerintah menerbitkan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 77 Tahun 2018 tentang Pengelolaan Dana Lingkungan Hidup. Langkah ini merupakan salah satu bentuk implementasi Nawacita ketujuh. Tetapi, ada beberapa hal yang perlu dikaji ulang terkait dengan sumber dan alokasi pendanaan lingkungan. Singkatnya, detail pengaturan kedua hal tersebut berpotensi menyimpangi prinsip pencemar membayar. Peraturan ini menjadikan APBN dan APBD sebagai sumber dana lingkungan serta melakukan penggabungan alokasi dana yang berasal dari dua jenis dana berbeda. Dampaknya, peraturan yang awalnya menjadi harapan bagi lingkungan hidup berpotensi menjadi bumerang bagi masyarakat, pemerintah, dan lingkungan hidup itu sendiri. Tulisan ini merupakan suatu bentuk analisis kritis Peraturan Presiden Nomor 7 Tahun 2018 agar mampu membawa dampak baik untuk pemerintahan selanjutnya.
Mengatasi Persoalan Institusional Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam (PSDA): Pembelajaran dari Kasus Revitalisasi Ekosistem Tesso Nilo (RETN) di Provinsi Riau
Authors: Kartodihardjo Hariadi , Muhammad Chalid
Published: March 2020

Penulis mengaji Revitalisasi Ekosistem Tesso Nilo (RETN) di Provinsi Riau untuk mengatasi persoalan pelanggaran penggunaan dan pemanfaatan kawasan hutan yang telah terjadi puluhan tahun lalu. Hasil identifikasi arena aksi yang terjadi selama 3 tahun terakhir menunjukkan adanya inovasi-inovasi penyelesaian masalah, keterbukaan pengambilan keputusan serta fleksibilitas tindakan sesuai dengan kondisi di lapangan. Namun prakarsa ini nampak mulai terkendala atas semakin lemahnya dukungan politik, sehingga berpotensi melonggarkan ikatan-ikatan modal sosial yang sudah mulai tumbuh di wilayah itu. Pembelajaran yang dapat diambil mencakup urgensi terhadap beberapa hal seperti pemetaan sosial untuk memprioritaskan kekuatan lokal, pentingnya membangun trust, penguasaan arena aksi, pertimbangan sejarah dan budaya untuk menghindari kecemburuan atas pilihan kelompok masyarakat dari proses administratif, orientasi pada outcome bukan hanya capaian administrasi, adanya kebutuhan pendekatan ekologi politik, skala ekosistem, maupun keterbukaan informasi.
Ulasan Buku “Struggling for Air: Power Plants and The War on Coal” oleh Richard L. Revesz dan Jack Lienke
Authors: Fadhillah Fajri
Published: March 2020

Buku berjudul “Struggling for Air, Power Plants and the “War on Coal”” menjelaskan tentang ketentuan “grandfathering”, yakni kelemahan dari 1970 Clean Air Act yang memberikan kewenangan pemerintahan federal Amerika Serikat untuk menetapkan baku mutu emisi yang lebih ketat untuk Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap berbahan bakar batubara (PLTU Batubara) baru, namun mengecualikan baku mutu emisi tersebut untuk PLTU Batubara yang sudah lebih dulu beroperasi. Ketentuan tersebut menyebabkan upaya pemulihan udara di negara-negara bagian di Amerika Serikat semakin sulit karena PLTU-PLTU batubara tua dengan emisi yang tinggi tetap beroperasi bahkan melebihi umur operasi pada umumnya. Ulasan buku ini menjadi relevan diletakkan dalam konteks upaya pengendalian pencemaran udara di Indonesia yang juga didominasi oleh PLTU Batubara dalam sistem ketenagalistrikannya.
Kesesuaian Pengaturan Pemanfaatan Zona Migrasi Biota Laut dalam Peraturan-Peraturan Daerah Provinsi dengan UU tentang Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil (UU WP3K)
Authors: Doman Dalila
Published: March 2020

Wilayah pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil (WP3K) merupakan ruang lautan yang masih dipengaruhi oleh kegiatan di daratan dan ruang daratan yang masih terasa pengaruh lautnya, serta pulau-pulau kecil dan perairan sekitarnya yang merupakan satu kesatuan dan mempunyai potensi cukup besar yang pemanfaatannya berbasis sumber daya, lingkungan dan masyarakat.[1] UU No. 27 Tahun 2007 juncto UU No. 1 Tahun 2014 tentang Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil (UU WP3K) adalah regulasi pengelolaan WP3K yang meliputi salah satunya kegiatan koordinasi perencanaan sumber daya WP3K dan proses alamiah, secara berkelanjutan.[2] Salah satu tahap perencanaan pengelolaan WP3K adalah rencana zonasi wilayah pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil (RZWP3K).[3][1] Indonesia, Undang-Undang tentang Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil, UU No. 27 tahun 2007, LN Tahun 2007 No. 84, TLN No. 4739, Paragraf Pertama Penjelasan Pasal 2. [2] Indonesia, Undang-Undang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang No. 27 Tahun 2007 tentang Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil, UU No. 1 Tahun 2014, LN Tahun 2014 No. 2, TLN No. 5490, Pasal 1 angka 1 dan Indonesia, Op. Cit., Pasal 5.[3] Ibid., Pasal 7 ayat (1) huruf b dan Penjelasan I. Umum, 3. Ruang Lingkup, a. Perencanaan.
Dari Inpres Moratorium Sawit Hingga Kebijakan Tata Kelola Industri Sawit Presiden Jokowi: Studi Kasus Penerbitan SK Pelepasan Kawasan Hutan PT Hardaya Inti Plantations di Buol, Sulawesi Tengah
Authors: Eryan Adrianus
Published: March 2020

Pada September 2018, Presiden Jokowi menerbitkan Inpres No. 8 Tahun 2018 tentang Penundaan dan Evaluasi Perizinan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit serta Peningkatan Produktivitas Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit (Inpres Moratorium Sawit). Namun, hanya dua bulan berselang, Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan menerbitkan SK Pelepasan Kawasan Hutan untuk kebun sawit seluas 9.964 hektare di Kabupaten Buol, Sulawesi Tengah, kepada PT Hardaya Inti Plantations (PT HIP). Keputusan ini memicu kontroversi dan protes dari berbagai kalangan, dari Bupati Buol, Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK), hingga masyarakat sipil. Berbagai kajian menyatakan bahwa penerbitan SK Pelepasan Kawasan Hutan tersebut melanggar Inpres Moratorium Sawit. Tulisan ini hendak membahas penerbitan SK tersebut secara induktif, dimulai dari proses penerbitannya hingga melihat lebih jauh gambaran kebijakan tata kelola industri sawit di era Presiden Jokowi, baik dari segi teori, legislasi, hingga studi kasus PT HIP. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis normatif dengan melihat kesesuaian studi kasus dengan peraturan perundang-undangan serta kebijakan yang melandasinya.
Review of the tribe Amorphopini (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Metrodorinae): Pygmy moss-lichen tetrigids from the Amazon rainforest
Authors: Cadena-Castañeda Oscar J. , Silva Daniela Santos Martins , Mendes Diego Matheus De Mello , Pereira Marcelo Ribeiro , Domenico Fernando Campos De , Sperber Carlos Frankl
Published: March 2020

The tribe Amorphopini Günther, 1939 is reviewed. It consists of two genera:AmorphopusSeville, 1838 andEomorphopusHankock, 1907 with three Neotropical species:Amorphopus notabilisServille, 1838,Eomorphopus antennatus(Bolívar, 1887), andEomorphopus granulatusHancock, 1907. Two species are transferred fromAmorphopusto the generaMetrodoraBolívar, 1887 andCrimisusBolívar, 1887, and two new combinations are proposed:Metrodora gibbosula(Walker, 1871),comb. nov.andCrimisus humeralis(Walker, 1871),comb. nov.New synonyms are proposed:Amorphopus notabilisServille, 1838 =Amorphopus griseusBolívar, 1887,syn. nov.;Metrodora gibbosula(Walker, 1871) =Platytettix reticulatusHancock, 1906,syn. nov.; andCrimisus humeralis(Walker, 1871) =Allotettix bolivianusBrunner, 1913,syn. nov.Neotypes ofAmorphopus notabilisandEomorphopus antennatusas well as the lectotype ofE. granulatusare designated. The description ofAmorphopus testudoSaussure, 1861 is based on an immature specimen and we considered it asnomen dubiusand the type depository ofEomorphopus purpurascensis unknown so we considered it, too, asnomen dubius. The tribe Amorphopini and all included taxa were redescribed and illustrated. A key to the genera and species is provided. Data on distribution, behavior, camouflage with lichens, polychromy, as well as ecological aspects of the species are reported.
A taxonomic revision of the genus Conidiobolus (Ancylistaceae, Entomophthorales): four clades including three new genera
Authors: Nie Yong , Yu De-Shui , Wang Cheng-Fang , Liu Xiao-Yong , Huang Bo
Published: March 2020

The genus Conidiobolus is an important group in entomophthoroid fungi and is considered to be polyphyletic in recent molecular phylogenies. To re-evaluate and delimit this genus, multi-locus phylogenetic analyses were performed using the large and small subunits of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nucLSU and nucSSU), the small subunit of the mitochondrial ribosomal DNA (mtSSU) and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α). The results indicated that the Conidiobolus is not monophyletic, being grouped into a paraphyletic grade with four clades. Consequently, the well-known Conidiobolus is revised and three new genera Capillidium, Microconidiobolus and Neoconidiobolus are proposed along with one new record and 22 new combinations. In addition, the genus Basidiobolus is found to be basal to the other entomophthoroid taxa and the genus Batkoa locates in the Entomophthoraceae clade.