bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacognostic evaluation and development of quality control parameters for Fufal (Areca nut)
Authors: Devi Usha , Ansari Shoeb Ahmed , Khan Asma Sattar , Ahmad Anees , Ahmed Mohammed Wasim , Meena Rampratap
Published: June 2024

Seed of Areca catechu commonly known as ‘Areca nut’ or ‘Betel nut’ belongs to Arecaceae family. It is native to Malaysia and cultivated in subtropical region of South China and India for their economically important seed crop. Areca nut is reddish to light yellowish brown, hard, ovoid, ellipsoidal or globose, internally are mottled with ruminated brownish endosperm tissue alternating with white tissue. In the Indian traditional medicine system Areca nut has been considered one of the important single drug which is therapeutically useful in a number of formulations of Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani preparation. The presence of bioactive phytochemicals in medicinal plants is mainly responsible for various pharmacological properties. It has been widely accepted that medicinal plants are safe and effective treatments for various diseases and ailments. Several pharmacological activities such as antimycotic, antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities are attributed to it. In classical literature of Unani system of medicine, Areca nut is commonly called ‘Fufal’ and considered astringent, diuretic, emmenogogue, nervine tonic. Local application is useful in acute inflammation, trachoma, sialorrhea, gingivitis and as a tonic for heart. In the current scenario, standardizing herbal materials at a rapid pace has become a major challenge due to the growing demand for herbal medicines. Although herbal drugs are generally effective, and their effectiveness can be impacted by adulteration and lack of standardization. The present study is focused on authentication of the Areca nut by developing different pharmacognostic standards such as macroscopy, microscopy, physicochemical analysis and HPTLC fingerprinting. The majority of the market sample are either contaminated by cancer-causing fungi or adulterated with harmful chemicals, pesticides, and heavy metals that known to cause several health problems on human beings. So, the drug was also evaluated for several quality parameters, like heavy metals, microbial load, aflatoxins, and pesticides. The current study data can serve as reference standards for verifying Areca nut's purity, safety, and effectiveness.
Anti-inflammatory Effects of Carissa spiranum Mediated via Attenuation of Leucocyte Migration
Authors: Serem Jeptoo N , Wambugu Stanley N , Mwonjoria John K. , Warigia Marion B
Published: June 2024

Inflammation is a physiological process vital for pathogen elimination and tissue repair. However, left untreated, it can cause undesirable effects. There are several methods for management of the condition, including traditional remedies from plant sources that are thought to have few deleterious effects on the body, as is the case with steroids and NSAIDs. One of the plants widely used is Carissa spiranum, though little has been done to determine the effects of purified extracts on the condition and their mode of action. The present study investigated the effects of purified plant extract and its flavonoid-rich fraction on inflammation and leukocyte migration in mice. Formalin and carrageenan were used as the phlogistic substances in inflammation induction and leukocyte migration, respectively. While diclofenac sodium and dexamethasone were used as standard drugs. The diameter of the paw edema induced in the left hind paw of mice was measured and quantified as the edema developed in mice, while the number of leucocytes in peritoneal fluid lavage after pretreatment with carrageenan and determined with improved Neubauer chamber was used in the determination of the extent of leucocyte migration. The extracts exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in paw edema diameter and delayed leucocyte migration compared to the vehicle. These observations suggest that the plant extracts may contain compounds that exert their anti-inflammatory effects via attenuation of leucocyte migration.
Evaluation of Immunomodulatory Activities of Clove Powder in Broiler
Authors: Parmar Bhavdip B , Patel Krina M , Sadariya Kamlesh A , Bhavsar Shailesh K
Published: June 2024

The study was planned to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of clove bud powder in broiler. Total of 60 chicks were divided randomly to 5 groups. Group I served as control and given only basal diet. Group II served as standard control and given basal diet with vitamin E and selenium containing proprietary product in water. Groups III, IV and V were given clove powder at the dose rate of 2.5, 5 and 10 g/kg feed for 35 days, respectively. Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) response was carried out to assess the cell mediated immunity on 14th day of age. Blood was collected on 7th, 21st and 35th day of age and serum was separated to estimate antibody titre against Newcastle Disease Virus vaccine by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and biochemical parameters like serum total protein, serum albumin, serum globulin and albumin to globulin ratio (A/G). On 35th day, thin blood smears were prepared to determine differential leucocyte counts microscopically. At the end of the experiment, birds were sacrificed for histopathological examinations. Chicks supplemented with clove powder at 2.5, 5 and 10 g/kg feed and vitamin E & selenium showed significantly higher CBH response. Birds supplemented with clove powder at 5 and 10 g/kg feed and vitamin E & selenium showed significantly increased antibody titre as compared to control birds. The result indicates clove powder has beneficial effect in terms of augmenting the cell mediated as well as humoral immune response in broiler. Clove powder supplementation significantly increased the serum total protein, serum globulin and significantly decreased albumin to globulin ratio. Birds supplemented with clove powder (2.5, 5 and 10 g/kg) in feed showed significantly decreased heterophil to lymphocyte ratio suggesting its beneficial effect on cell mediated immune response. Histopathological evaluation of bursa of Fabricius, spleen and thymus showed no histopathological alteration in birds supplemented with clove powder. Result of the present study revealed that supplementation of clove powder at given doses in feed was possesses immunostimulant effects in broiler.
Anti-inflammatory Evaluation of the anti-diabetic effect of Rauvolfia vomitoria and Citrus aurantium decoction on streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats
Authors: Precious Osemwenkhae Osaretin , Uwagboe Asiriuwa Nathaniel
Published: June 2024

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a relatively common metabolic disorder which leads to complications that affects the heart, liver, kidney, and other vital organs. This investigation examines the biochemical effects of Rauvolfia vomitoria and Citrus aurantium decoction in the treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-Eight (28) healthy Wistar rats, with average weights of 100 ± 20g, were divided into four groups, each consisting of five rats. Group I served as the normal control whereas diabetes was induced with 50 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin in Groups II – IV. While rats in Groups III and IV were treated with 2 mL of plant decoction and metformin, respectively, rats in Group II served as untreated control. The effect of the decoction on the total protein, glucose, creatinine, lipid profile, ALT, SOD and CAT levels were determined. Results: Treatment of diabetic rats with the decoction resulted in a significant reduction in the blood glucose, total protein, creatinine as well as catalase levels compared with the untreated control (p < 0.05). Furthermore, administration of the decoction to diabetic rats caused a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the lipid profile parameters compared with the untreated control (Group II). These effects were similar to those observed with metformin treatment. Conclusion: These results show the hypoglyceamic potential of the plant decoction and presents a cheaper and readily available remedy for the management of diabetes in low-income countries.
Comparative Study on Efficiency Analysis of Fixed and Dual-Axis Solar Tracking System
Authors: Oli Ajay , Sharma Saugat , Adhikari Pratham , Neupane Deepak , Khanal Santosh , Labh Shacheendra Kishor
Published: June 2024

Solar energy is a crucial renewable energy source, offering sustainable solutions to address energy demands and combat climate change. Maximizing the efficiency of solar energy harvesting is essential for widespread adoption and integration into the energy landscape. Solar tracking systems play an important role in increasing the efficiency of solar panels by optimizing their orientation towards the sun throughout the day. This research presents a comparative analysis of the efficiency of dual-axis solar tracking systems using Light-Dependent Resistors (LDRs) as input devices. A closed-loop tracking technique is implemented to adjust the position of the solar panels based on real-time sensor feedback. A comparative study between LDRs demonstrates their effectiveness in detecting the sun's position, despite limitations such as susceptibility to ambient light conditions and saturation to light intensity. Through experimental evaluation and data analysis, this study provides valuable insights into the power output and assessment of efficiency variation of dual-axis solar tracking systems offering applications for optimizing solar energy harvesting in practical scenarios.
Assessment of the air and water quality in popular tourist hotspots and ecotourism zones in the hilly state of Sikkim
Authors: Rai Deepa , Krishnaiah Y.V.
Published: June 2024

The relationship between the growth of tourism and its effects on the environment is complicated. While tourism boosts a region's economy and provides natural and cultural experiences for visitors, the increasing number of tourists necessitates the development of tourism infrastructure which includes accommodation, transportation, recreational facilities, and waste management systems. To analyse the influence of tourism on air and water quality, 22 popular tourist destinations including 11 tourist hotspots and 11 ecotourism zones were selected. To test the air quality, Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM 2.5), Particulate Matter 10 (PM 10), and Carbon monoxide (CO) with help of AIRTH air quality monitor using the Air Quality Index (AQI) as per Shukla et al (2010) was calculated. The twenty-two surface water samples were collected to test the physicochemical parameters i.e., pH, Turbidity, Total Alkalinity (Calcium Carbonate), Total Arsenic (As), Total Hardness (CaCO3), Chloride (Cl), Iron (Fe), Nitrate (NO₃⁻), Sulphate (SO4), and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of water quality in Government Laboratory (Jal Jevan Mission) during peak and off-peak seasons in 22 popular tourist destinations in Sikkim. Further, the Water Quality Index was determined using the Weighted Arithmetic Index method developed by Brown et al. (1972). The assessment of AQI and WQI reveals that twenty-one tourist destinations show ‘good’ AQI except Gangtok and WQI across all the tourist destinations shows excellent.
Plight of Informal Women Workers in the context of COVID-19 lockdown: A Study of Patiala District
Authors: Chhina Anmol P. , Sharma Manisha
Published: June 2024

As the pandemic spread rapidly to every region of the globe, the national governments soon announced stringent measures such as, border closures, nationwide lockdowns and restrictions on internal mobility. The economic activity came to a halt and the pandemic construed into an anomalous humanitarian crisis globally. Although all the countries faced health crisis and socio-economic repercussions, there has been a disproportionate impact on emerging and developing economies and the most vulnerable groups of the society including migrant laborers, refugees, informal workers, women and children. In India, informal workers make up around 90 percent of the workforce and the most vulnerable among them are women, who have a high participation in the informal sector. It is in this context that the present study is based on experiences of women workers in the informal sector of Punjab. It is a qualitative research based on primary data collected through 100 semi-structured interviews conducted in the Patiala district of Punjab. The findings indicate that following the crisis, women have faced heightened burden of unpaid domestic work, elevated incidences of domestic violence and inordinate impact on reduction in working hours, incomes and job loss.  As female workers face the brunt of this crisis, it is imperative to include gendered perspective in policy making and provision of adequate social security coverage to mitigate the vulnerability of these workers.
Resurrection of Bengali Folk Ballads: Search for a Communal Camaraderie in Colonial Bengal
Authors: Dey Debopriya
Published: June 2024

The connoisseurs of Bengali literature in the early twentieth century had found a new treasure trove of folk ballads from the far-flung villages of eastern Bengal. The discovery of these ballads is often ascribed to Chandra Kumar Dey who first published the details of a few ballads in a periodical named Saurabh. Later, Dey worked under the guidance of noted historian Dinesh Chandra Sen to collect more of these ballads which mainly existed in shared memory of people and were disseminated orally from one generation to the next. Dinesh Chandra Sen had successfully used the findings of this research to secure a consecutive Ramtanu Lahiri Fellowship and drew considerable critical attention from Indologists such as Romain Rolland and Stella Kramrisch. Sen’s Eastern Bengal Ballads (1926) and Mymensingh Gitika (1921) published as part of Ramtanu Lahiri Fellowship shed important lights on the nature of these ballads and how these ballads can be important tool to recover a pre-colonial and pre-Brahminic renaissance past which exhibit the features of an unadulterated Bengali past of peaceful coexistence of Hindu and Muslims.
Dinesh Chandra Sen and certain other contemporary intellectuals used these ballads as an important cultural tool to encounter a political outrage that tore through Bengal with the proposal of Bengal Partition of 1905. Though Lord Hardinge had annulled the proposed partition in 1911 yet the tension remained palpable. With the establishment of All India Muslim League (1906) and separated political interests communal riots became a more regular phenomenon in the twentieth century of which the Mymensingh riot of 1906-07 and a series of riots in and around Calcutta between 1918 and 1926 are few more prominent disastrous examples. Therefore, the discovery and subsequent popularity of these ballads cannot simply be termed as literary endeavour, underneath, there was this quasi-political urge to encounter the series of political violence that were to leave a permanent scar upon Bengali minds. The proposed paper would try to trace the dissemination of these ballads in the cultural sphere of twentieth century Bengal and the possible political implications of it.
Technological Innovation in Indian Banking Sector: Some Recent Developments
Authors: Kant Uma , Mishra Arun Kumar
Published: June 2024

The banking system and financial institutions are crucial components of any economy. Their development can significantly influence a country's growth. In the "Digital India" era, India's banking and financial services have experienced substantial evolution, a trend that is ongoing. This transformation can be attributed to factors such as new regulatory policies and changing customer expectations. However, the most significant driver has been technological advancement. Technology plays a key role in the economic system, especially evident during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has drastically altered the functioning of various sectors. The banking sector faced major challenges during the pandemic, but technology provided solutions to meet people's needs. Banks introduced new and effective services, and the use of mobile and internet banking surged. Intense competition among banks has led to the introduction of innovative services and improved efficiency of existing ones.
Knowledge Regarding Autism among Teachers at Selected Schools in Chennai
Authors: Deepa K.
Published: June 2024

Autism children resembles normal children but their needs and problems vary with a normal growth and development. The parents and care givers should take evidence-based effort to improve their quality of life. The teacher should welcome these children to accomplish their victories at their own time.  Objectives- To identify the level of knowledge on Autism among teachers, to associate level of knowledge with selected demographic variables. Quantitative approach, Descriptive design was chosen. Data was collected among 30 teachers in Queen Marys Primary school by Convenient sampling technique through a self-administered Questionnaire. Findings reveal   that out of 30 samples 15(50%) teachers had inadequate knowledge 09 (30%) teachers had moderately adequate knowledge and 06 (20%) teachers had adequate knowledge. There was no statistically significant association between selected Demographic variables like Age, Gender, academic level, attended training on autism, Teaching experience, Exposure to autism children and level of knowledge (P>0.01). Hence next to parents, caregivers, mentors play a major role in molding the life of children. Their positive attitude, perception towards autism is essential in framing architecting child’s future.
Material didáctico para la enseñanza de español como lengua extranjera con énfasis en la interculturalidad
Authors: Inga Moya Lilia Luz
Published: June 2024

Este artículo tiene como objetivo proponer material didáctico para la enseñanza de español como lengua extranjera con énfasis en el componente intercultural y a partir del enfoque por tareas. Esta propuesta ha sido pensada para un aula de alumnos adultos en un nivel de aprendizaje de lenguas B1 según el Marco Común Europeo de Referencias. En cuanto a la metodología, se ha adoptado el enfoque comunicativo y por tareas. El material elaborado está compuesto por fichas que incluyen textos auténticos provenientes de videos que han sido adaptados con fines didácticos. Las actividades propuestas permiten llevar una secuenciación en su aplicación tan es así que, al término de su ejecución, se obtiene un resultado más que una forma. Al mismo tiempo, hacen posible el desarrollo de las destrezas comunicativas promoviendo el aprendizaje significativo y colaborativo del español en un contexto peruano. El diseño de estas actividades provee al estudiante no sólo de conocimiento de lengua per se, sino también, de la cultura peruana y busca contribuir tanto con el alumnado como con el profesorado para la utilización de estos recursos en sus clases.
Experimental Investigation for Enhancement of Heat Transfer Coefficient in Car Radiator by Using Multiwall Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) Nanofluid
Authors: Peeraiah M. , Rao K. Nagamalleswara , Balakrishna B.
Published: June 2024

Improving heat transfer coefficient is a significant subject of study in many engineering domains. The use of nanofluids in car radiators might boost the heat transfer coefficient. The current study investigates a car's radiator's heat transfer coefficient and thermal conductivity. The heat transmission parameters of a car radiator were analyzed for coolant mass flow rates ranging from 600 to 1200 liters/hour and nanofluid concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 0.8% by volume. The primary coolant was prepared by combining water and ethylene glycol in a 60:40% combination with multi-walled carbon nanotube nanoparticles. The coolant's input temperatures were varied between 30 °C and 80 °C by impinging an air jet into the car radiator through a hallow cone nozzle plate with and without spacing. The result demonstrates that the volume flow rate of coolant on the tube side increases considerably as the heat transfer coefficient increases. At a nanoparticle concentration of 0.8 vol. %, the nanofluid's total heat transfer coefficient is enhanced by 12% compared with the base fluid. The heat transfer coefficient is improved by 42.6% for 0.8% volume of MWNCT nanofluid without spacing of the hallow cone nozzle plate and by 51.9% with spacing of the hallow cone nozzle plate.
Study on Solar Powered Electric Vehicle with Thermal Management Systems on the Electrical Device Performance
Authors: Herlambang Yusuf Dewantoro , Sulistiyo Wahyu , Margana Margana , Apriandi Nanang , Nursaputro Septiantar Tebe , Marliyati Marliyati , Setiyo Muji , Purwanto Wawan , Rochman Muhammad Latifur , Shyu Jin Cherng
Published: June 2024

This study aims to determine the reliability of applying a thermal management system in conjunction with Internet of Things in solar electric cars. In conventional electric cars or those whose driving energy source comes from gasoline fuel; the applied thermal management system is mainly used as a coolant for the internal combustion engine. However, for electric cars the thermal management system may be used for the main components such as controllers that convert solar module energy into electricity and batteries. Results from tests utilizing six DC fans for air cooling of the thermal management system yield two variations of battery charging conditions from the solar modules, namely variations of 25 and 400 turns of the trimmer constant current step-up charger. Test results from the proposed thermal management system show that the highest step-up charger temperature is 35.75 °C with voltage of 57.64 V for the variation of 25 laps. The test results on the battery voltage and temperature show that the highest battery temperature reaches 31.75 °C with voltage of 57.3 V at the variation of 25 rounds.
Application of Multi-objective Adjoint-based Aerodynamic Optimisation on Generic Road Vehicle with Rear Spoiler
Authors: Yudianto Aan
Published: June 2024

Finding possible solutions where there are multiple conflicting objectives to be simultaneously satisfied is a challenging situation. Multi-objective optimisation of a rear spoiler on a generic road vehicle model is carried out by using adjoint-based optimisation coupled with Computational Fluid Dynamics. The study aims to reduce the vehicle drag and increase vehicle downforce simultaneously by optimising the shape of the spoiler, by allowing the deformation to achieve the most optimised shape assuming no manufacturing constraint. The OpenFOAM software was used for the solver. A strategy for multi-objective optimisation was proposed by assigning appropriate objective function weight, leading to some possible solutions and Pareto front of the proposed design family. Five optimisation solutions of the non-dominated solution Pareto front resulting from the spoiler shape optimisation are presented, explaining the trade-off between conflicting drag and downforce objectives on the vehicle model. The baseline geometry of the simulation is in good agreement with the experimental measurement. The analysis of the shape changes in the proposed optimisation is deeply investigated in terms of the optimised geometry deformation, velocity contour comparison, recirculating region on the base, pressure coefficient comparison and stream-wise velocity component at the slant region of the model. The adjoint-based optimisation method in the presence study can handle multiple objective optimisations and generate possible optimised spoiler shapes to reduce drag and increase downforce. Free deformation of the shape yields in the unique shapes of the spoiler, enabling to manipulate of the base flow at the rear of the vehicle model.
Performance of Transition Metal Supported Al2O3 Coated on Honeycomb Catalysts and Its Segmentation on Exhaust Gasses Oxidation
Authors: Buwono Haris Puspito , Wicaksana Hangga , Hartono Moh , Waluyo Joko , Daroini Moch. Fauzun , Muslim Ilham Taufik , Machida Masato
Published: June 2024

The oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbons (HC) under segmented honeycomb catalysts was investigated using actual exhaust gas mixtures from a gasoline-fueled internal combustion engine of a motorcycle. The honeycomb catalysts were prepared through a wet process, resulting in four types coated with transition metals (Cu, Cr, Fe, and Ni) supported on Al2O3. The oxidation of CO and HC was monitored using an exhaust gas analyzer across a range of air-to-fuel ratios (AFR), from lean to rich, under stationary conditions. The results demonstrate that the honeycomb catalysts effectively decreased CO and HC concentrations in the exhaust gas. Among the transition metal oxide honeycomb catalysts, Cr and Ni exhibited high CO and HC conversion rates, surpassing those observed with Cu. The average CO and HC conversion calculations, spanning from lean to rich air-to-fuel ratios, were consistent with the actual conversion rates achieved. Furthermore, the study investigated the effect of honeycomb segmentation on CO and HC conversion. Surprisingly, the catalytic performance of Cr and Ni remained high even with longer gaps in the honeycomb. Interestingly, the conversion of CO and HC over the iron oxide honeycomb catalyst increased as the gap in the honeycomb became longer. This is likely due to an increase in the gap size and enhanced re-mixing of reactants (CO, HC, and O2) caused by recirculation. Thus, this study provides valuable elucidation on the potential application of segmented honeycomb catalysts for reducing CO and HC emissions in exhaust gases.
Characterization of Combustion in Cylindrical Meso-Scale Combustor with Wire Mesh Flame Holder as Initiation of Energy Source for Future Vehicles
Authors: Sanata Andi , Ilminnafik Nasrul , Asyhar Muhammad Maulana , Nanlohy Hendry Y. , Kristianta Franciscus Xaverius , Sholahuddin Imam
Published: June 2024

The research aims to analyze and reveal combustion characteristics in a Cylindrical Meso Scale (CMS) Combustor with a wire mesh flame holder as a reference for designing a compact, efficient, and high-density energy source for future vehicles. This experiment analyzes the combustion ’s of a butane gas (C4H10)-air mixture in a cylindrical meso-scale (CMS) combustor with the addition of wire mesh flame holder on the stability of the combustion flame, as initiation of future vehicle energy source. The diameter of the CMS combustor with wire mesh flame holder is varied to give an idea of the effect of heat loss on the combustion flame's characteristics. The results show that the wire mesh as a flame holder is essential in the combustion stabilization mechanism. A stable flame can be stabilized in a CMS combustor with wire mesh. Variations in the diameter of the CMS combustor will result in variations in the surface-to-volume ratio, heat loss, and contact area of the wire mesh flame holder. At a large diameter, it produces the characteristics of a combustion flame with a more stable flame stability limit than a smaller diameter, a dimmer flame visualization than a smaller diameter at the same air and fuel discharge, a more distributed flame mode map area than the smaller diameter, lower flame temperature and combustor wall temperature than the smaller diameter, and relatively higher energy output than the smaller diameter.
The Impact of Varying Mixing Rates in a Surfactant-Free Fuel Emulsion Mixer on the Efficiency and Emissions of a Diesel Engine
Authors: Santoso Budi , Sartomo Agus , Ubaidillah Ubaidillah , Muraza Oki , Maharani Elliza Tri
Published: June 2024

The research focuses on water diesel emulsion (WDE), a topic that has captivated researchers for an extended period. While previous studies predominantly employed surfactants to enhance mixing efficiency, their non-economic feasibility in transportation logistics has prompted a shift in recent investigations. This study presents experiments utilizing a cost-effective WDE comprising 15% water and a mixer devoid of surfactants to investigate the impact of mixer blade rotation on engine performance, fuel consumption, and NOx emissions. NOx emission tests were conducted under a constant engine speed of 2,000 rpm and a 75% load (3,23 kW). The optimal brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) for the 15% WDE fuel occurred at a blade rotation speed of 3,000 rpm, resulting in a 1% power reduction (from 4,41 kW to 4,38 kW), a 13.3% decrease in BSFC (from 694,98 gr/kW.h to 602,52 gr/kW.h), and a 30% reduction in NOx emissions (from 54 ppm to 38 ppm). This discovery holds promise for future advancements in green energy applications within the transportation sector.
Exploring the Factors Accelerating the Electric Motorcycle Adoptions: Insights from Theory of Planned Behavior and Travel Behavior
Authors: Aditya Muhammad Hafiz , Yuniaristanto Yuniaristanto , Sutopo Wahyudi
Published: June 2024

Indonesia is a densely populated country where most people use motorcycles for mobility. With increasing carbon emissions, Indonesia plans to migrate conventional motorcycles toward electric ones by 2040. However, the adoption process of electric motorcycles is relatively slow, considering that the number of electric motorcycles is still far from the government's target. This study aims to investigate what factors influence the adoption process of electric motorcycles in Indonesia. Based on 906 samples, an analysis was conducted using a hybrid choice model on willingness to pay more, which considered three components: socio-demographics, Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and travel behavior patterns. The results showed that all three components significantly affect the willingness to pay more. Individuals who are older, highly educated, high-income, use public or environmentally friendly transportation, and have a low frequency of mobility for work purposes are more likely to purchase an electric motorcycle. The results of this study provide a new perspective in the unique context of electric motorcycle adoption in Indonesia and conditions that still need improvement when related to the government's long-term targets. This research will be helpful for governments and manufacturers by providing the characteristics of people who are more likely to purchase an electric motorcycle.
Utilization of Bamboo Powder in The Production of Non-Asbestos Brake Pads: Computational Bibliometric Literature Review Analysis and Experiments to Support Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Authors: Nandiyanto Asep Bayu Dani , Syazwany Aisha Nadhira , Syarafah Karina Nur , Syuhada Themy Sabri , Ragadhita Risti , Piantari Erna , Farobie Obie , Bilad Muhammad Roil
Published: June 2024

This study aims to develop asbestos-free and environmentally friendly brake pads using apus bamboo powder (Gigantochloa apus). In the experiments, bamboo powder, resin, and catalyst were used as the raw materials and varied to ensure the quality of the prepared brake pads. To analyze the performance of brake pads, the fabricated brake pads are subjected to physicochemical tests (such as microscopic tests and functional group analysis) and mechanical tests (such as puncture tests, compression tests, and friction tests). The research results showed that adjusting the composition of the raw materials allowed a change in the performance of the brake pad, including porosity, morphological structure, and mechanical properties. Indeed, the condition of the low porosity on the inside of the brake pad strategically optimizes the compression strength of the material, making this design ideal for applications that require high resistance to compression loads. This study shows the possibility of apus bamboo powder as an alternative to asbestos in the production of non-asbestos brake pads, offering a safer and environmentally friendly solution as well as giving ideas for supporting current issues in the sustainable development goals (SDGs).
Optimal design of stator slot with semi-closed type to maximize magnetic flux connection and reduce iron leakage in high-speed spindle drives
Authors: Purwanto Wawan , Mulani Firoj , Krismadinata Krismadinata , Maksum Hasan , Arif Ahmad , Putra Dwi Sudarno , Padrigalan Kathleen Ebora
Published: June 2024

A novel approach was devised to optimize the stator slot semi-closed type in order improve the magnetic flux connection and minimize iron leakage in high-speed spindle drives. The concept was executed through a combination of response surface approach including the technique of finite element analysis. The primary objective of this investigation would be to provide an engineering approach which improves the functionality of stator criteria, including the stator slot geometry, coil turn per slot, and wire size. The purpose is to achieve higher flux connection and minimize iron leakage. This study presents an enhanced analytical approach that incorporates the analysis of stator flux connection, finite element calculation of flux connection, and iron leakage analysis of stator variables. The results are analyzed through the utilization of finite element computation, and their accuracy is verified through experimental measurements. The findings suggest the ideal design yields increased magnetic flux connection and reduced iron leakage in comparison to the industrial layout. The precision provided by the suggested model is confirmed through the comparison of the simulation and experimental information. In general, the percentage of errors is estimated to be around 7%.
Deep touch pressure for calming and comfort therapy from the perspective of contact mechanics: A review
Authors: Maula Mohamad Izzur , Winarni Tri Indah , Ammarullah Muhammad Imam , Afif Ilham Yustar , Husaini Farhan Ali , Lamura M. Danny Pratama , Jamari Jamari
Published: June 2024

The art of touch therapy has been around for centuries and has evolved into various models and styles throughout the years. In addition to reducing muscle pain, relieving stress, and providing relaxation, this therapy has worked and has been useful for many people. Methods such as touch or pressure stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system, which plays a role in a person's emotional well-being. Knowing its effects, the interaction between therapeutic devices used on the body needs to be studied further. The contact area provided by the deep touch pressure (DTP) tool will also play an important role in the therapeutic outcome. In addition, levels of comfort in pressure treatment should also be explored further to ensure compliance. This paper describes in extensive the potential of DTP in providing a comfort effect from a contact mechanics perspective. Interactions of various DTP types and pressure distribution on body area have been further investigated to minimize the contact mechanics research gap in DTP and provide the bridge between sensory therapy and the mechanical engineering domain.
A Comprehensive exploration of jatropha curcas biodiesel production as a viable alternative feedstock in the fuel industry – Performance evaluation and feasibility analysis
Authors: Milano Jassinnee , Silitonga Arridina Susan , Tiong Sieh Kiong , Ong Mei Yin , Masudi Ahmad , Hassan Masjuki Haji , Nur Taufik Bin , Nurulita Bela , Sebayang Abdi Hanra , Sebayang Adri Rakha
Published: June 2024

Jatropha Curcas stands out as a promising plant-based feedstock, offering a non-edible oil that holds great potential as an alternative fuel to traditional diesel. Notably, Jatropha oil boasts favourable fuel properties, including a higher oil content compared to other alternatives. This attribute makes it an attractive candidate for biodiesel production. Importantly, as a non-edible oilseed feedstock, Jatropha Curcas helps mitigate concerns related to food prices and the ongoing food versus fuel debate, offering a sustainable solution to the growing energy demands. Furthermore, the plant exhibits impressive yields, with the potential to produce up to 40% oil weight per seed. This high yield not only enhances the economic viability of Jatropha-based biodiesel but also underscores its efficiency as a feedstock. The discussion extends beyond mere fuel properties, encompassing a comprehensive comparative review that delves into engine performance and emission characteristics associated with Jatropha Curcas. The novelty of this paper lies in its exploration of the crude oil aspects of Jatropha curcas, shedding light on an essential facet often overlooked. By presenting a thorough analysis of fuel properties, engine performance, and emission characteristics, the paper contributes valuable insights to the discourse on sustainable energy solutions. Moreover, it goes beyond technical aspects and provides perspectives on the current economic status, offering a holistic view of the potential impact of Jatropha Curcas in the broader context of renewable energy and economic development.
Literature review: An effective method for identifying science and technology updates
Authors: Setiyo Muji , Rochman Muhammad Latifur
Published: June 2024

Literature reviews have been proven to help researchers and scholars identify research gaps and identify potential new research paths. This shows an exponential increase in literature review articles from 2000 to the present. Therefore, this article introduces a special issue in MESI (Volume 3, Issue 3, 2023) dedicated to a literature review, highlighting five articles covering topics as diverse as plastic waste in road materials, porous hydroxyapatite for bone grafts, magnesium biocomposites, bio-based cutting fluids for manufacturing, contact mechanics perspective for medical therapy, and the concept, technology, and application of a swirl-type microbubble generator. These articles offer important insights into their respective fields, highlighting advances, challenges, and future research directions.
Безпека застосування вітамінних препаратів та частота виникнення побічних реакцій у Харківському регіоні
Authors: Drohovoz S. M. , Butko Ya. O. , Babenko M. M. , Derymedvid L. V. , Melenchenko N. O. , Khmelevsky M. O. , Iermolenko T. I. , Belik G. V.
Published: June 2024

Вітамінні препарати є популярними препаратами серед населення, однак, їх безконтрольне вживання впливає на безпеку вітамінотерапії. Сучасні підходи до безпеки ліків в Україні передбачають збір інформації про їх побічні реакції (ПР) завдяки повідомленням при проведенні клінічних випробувань та результатам моніторингу ПР при медичному застосуванні препаратів. Тому, щорічний аналіз даних фармаконагляду щодо випадків виникнення ПР при здійсненні вітамінотерапії та оцінці їхньої безпеки є актуальним. Метою дослідження став аналіз частоти виникнення ПР при застосуванні вітамінних препаратів у Харківському регіоні. У результаті проведеного аналізу встановлено, що у медичних установ Харківського регіону зареєстровані повідомлення про ПР при застосуванні вітамінних препаратів: за період 2020-2021 рр. у середньому надійшло 3,1 % повідомлень від загальної кількості випадків ПР на препарати. Найбільше їх зареєстровано при застосуванні вітамінів групи В – 77,2 % повідомлень. З них найбільша кількість повідомлень надійшла на препарати ВІТАКСОН (10,2 %), НІКОТИНОВА КИСЛОТА та ПІРИДОКСИНУ ГІДРОХЛОРИД (по 8,5 %). ПР препаратів вітамінів проявлялись переважно у вигляді місцевих ПР: свербіж (23,7 %), висипи на тілі (21,1 %), гіперемія шкіри (10,5 %), висипи по типу кропивниці (5,3 %), гіперемія обличчя та набряки у місці введення (по 3,5 %). Для ПІРИДОКСИНУ ГІДРОХЛОРИД був зареєстрований випадок анафілактичного шоку, який потребував невідкладної медичної допомоги. Перелічені ПР внесені до інструкції для медичного застосування вітамінів, тобто є передбачуваними. Отримані результати можуть бути використані представниками МОЗ України, які займаються аналізом фармаконагляду, з метою пошуку заходів у зменшені та усунення ПР при застосуванні вітамінотерапії в різних областях медицини.
Побічні ефекти комбінованих оральних контрацептивів: огляд літератури
Authors: Каlko К. О. , Budenkova G. O. , Bereznyakov A. V. , Khaleeva O. L.
Published: June 2024

Комбіновані оральні контрацептиви (КОК) є одними з найбільш часто використовуваних форм контрацепції серед жінок репродуктивного віку, але вони пов’язані з серйозними ризиками для здоров’я. Метою роботи є аналіз побічних ефектів характерних прийому комбінованих оральних контрацептивів. Ретельний та всебічний пошук даних відносно побічних ефектів КОК проведений на платформі PubMed із залученням наукових статей та систематичних оглядів, використовуючи такі ключові слова: combined oral contraceptives; side effects за період з 2012 по 2024 рр. та був обмежений статтями англійською мовою. За результатами аналізу встановлено, що прийом КОК напряму пов'язаний з можливим ризиком розвитку таких побічних ефектів як венозна тромбоемболія та різноманітні протромботичні зміни в системі згортання крові, порушення настрою та депресія, мігрень, артеріальна гіпертензія, захворювання ока та розвиток онкопатології. З позиції фармакобезпеки слід враховувати можливу взаємодію в організмі жінки при одночасному застосуванні КОК та інших препаратів, особливо тих, що відіграють важливу роль у елімінації естрогенів та прогестинів, які містяться в КОК.
Immunotherapy with Intralesional Vit D injection in Recalcitrant wart at a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross sectional Study
Authors: Aryal Eliz , Bhari Jyoti , Shrestha Prashanna Raj
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Recalcirant warts are resistant to conventional therapeutic option with high recurrence rate. In recent year, treatment of warts with different immunotherapeutic agent has shown good results, as it regulate epidermal cell proliferation and are involved in the formation of anti microbial peptides. Hence, this study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of immunotherapy withintralesional vitamin D in wart.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 January 2021 to 2 February 2023 at Kathmandu Medical College after approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 0110202002). Ninety - two patients with recalcitrant wart of varying sizes and duration were included in the study. Injection vitamin D ( 600000 IU, 15mg/ ml) was injected about (0.2-0.5 ml) to the base of the wart. Maximum of five warts were injected per month, and was repeated after 4 weeks for 3 sessions.Results: Among 92 patient, complete response was seen in 70 patient (76.08%), partial response was seen in 17 patients ( 18.47%) and 5 patient(5.43%)showed no response. Mild pain as observed at the time of injection. Signs of hypervitaminosis D was not observed.Conclusions: Intralesional administration of Vitamin D is an effective treatment option for reclacitrant warts and is, highly effective, cost-efficient, with minimal adverse effects, and can be perfomed in our clinical set up
Changes in the Liver Function and Hematological Parameters in Dengue Patients at a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Pokharel Asmita , Pokhrel Buddhi , Bhattarai Richa , Khanal Madhav
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Liver is most commonly affected in dengue often resulting in changes in the liver function test parameters. Alterations in hematological parameters are also reported which could serve as early prognostic markers especially in resource limited settings where serological tests for the diagnosis of dengue is not available. This study aims to analyze liver function test and hematologicalparameter changes in dengue infected patients.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to October 2023 in serologically dengue positive patients. Liver function parameters and blood parameters were analyzed from 220 patients. The purposive sampling technique was employed during the selection of participants.Results: Out of 220 study participants, 113 (51.36%) were males and 107 (49.64%) were females. The median age of the participants was 35 years (IQR: 26 - 48 years). Elevated serum AST and ALT levels were present in 121 (55%) and 80 (36.36%) of the participants respectively. Thrombocytopenia and leukopenia were observed in 92 (41.82%) and 88 (40%) of the study participants respectively.The median hemoglobin level was 14.4 (IQR: 13-15.47) g/dl. Low hemoglobin level was found in 31 (14.09%) participants. The median red blood cell count was 4.91 (IQR: 4.49 – 5.28) millions/mm3 with decreased red blood cell count noted in 27 (12.27%) participants.Conclusions: Increased serum transaminases levels, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia are common laboratory findings in dengue patients.
Primi at 16 weeks and 5 days of Gestation with Hypovolemic Shock Secondary to Ruptured Rudimentary Horn Ectopic Pregnancy: A Case Report
Authors: Yadav Siddhartha Kumar , Yadav Indra , Jyoti Sabita , Lama Prasanna , Yadav Rozy
Published: June 2024

Developmental anomalies of genital tract result from defective fusion and absorption of various parts of Mullerian ducts in fetal life. Rudimentary horn pregnancy (RHP) is a rare occurrence of one in 76,000 and one in 160,000. We present a case of a 24-year-old primigravida with ruptured RHP initially managed in the line of an intrauterine pregnancy with severe anemia. Hemodynamicinstability made us suspect ruptured RHP and lifesaving laparotomy was performed for the same. A 1.5-liter hemoperitoneum was encountered with a right RHP. Multiple adhesions were present with necrotic tissue adherent and clumped together as tubo-ovarian mass. Resection of rudimentary horn was performed. We report this case to emphasize the need to consider rare uterine anomaliesas a possibility in patients presenting with acute abdomen in early pregnancy. So, Obstetricians can consider these rare entities in differential diagnosis and management.
Oral Mucosal Lesions in Patients Attending Dermatology Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Center in Kathmandu: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Karki Alina , Manandhar Varsha , Maharjan Rupak , Maharjan Alisha
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Oral mucosal lesions though mostly benign, may impair the quality of life of patients. Some may even progress to malignancies. Many physicians, including dermatologists, tend to skip oral examinations, missing many important diagnoses. Understanding the frequency and types of oral mucosal lesions in dermatological settings can help in early diagnosis, referral and adequate treatment. This study was done to determine demographic characteristics and clinical presentations of patients with oral mucosal lesions presenting to the out-patient department (OPD) of dermatology in Nepal Armed Police Force (APF) Hospital, Kathmandu.Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted after obtaining the ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee of Nepal APF Hospital. Retrospective data of 264 patients presenting with oral mucosal lesions to the dermatology OPD were collected from 1st January 2021 to 31st December 2023 by using a pre-formed proforma. Data was entered in SPSS software anddescriptive statistics were computed.Results: Out of 13,832 cases, oral mucosal lesion was seen in 264 (1.90%) cases among which 153 (57.96%) cases were males with male female ratio of 1.37:1. Most common age group affected was 31-45 years 96 (36.36%). Buccal mucosa 86 (32.57%) was the commonest site involved followed by tongue 73 (27.65%). Aphthous ulcer 82 (31.06%) was the commonest lesion found followed by oral candidiasis 25 (9.46%) and oral lichen planus 24 (9.09%).Conclusions: Aphthous ulcer was the commonest oral mucosal lesion seen in patients visiting dermatology outpatient department of Nepal APF Hospital, with buccal mucosa being the commonest site affected.
Practicing Medicine Wisely: Routine Use of Urine Legionella in Suspicious Pneumonia – Are we Overdoing?
Authors: Gautam Swotantra , Neupane Aakash , Mercado Luis Isea , Nguyen Phuong , Bhusal Suzit
Published: June 2024

Legionella spp. is an underreported cause of Community Acquired pneumonia that affects significant population specially in urban areas and its prevalence is on an increasing trend. The routine practice of testing for urinary antigen of Legionella in all suspected cases of pneumonia is prevalent is resource rich western countries. Although several studies have shown no distinct advantage of performing routine urinary antigen testing, this practice continues to be preferred by clinicians. In this viewpoint, we have discussed the advantages and disadvantages of urinary antigen testing, its relevance in current practice and its impact on clinical outcomes.