bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Change Management in Public Organizations in Kosovo
Authors: Dervishaj Shefqet Zeqir
Published: July 2017

One of the most difficult processes of Kosovo's postwar is the transformation of public organizations. These organizations have undergone radical changes and the process of transformation should be managed in order to be successful and to meet the needs of the market economy. Change has become a constant process for Kosovo public organizations that provide services to citizens and business organizations. Whether these changes are managed properly, then it is seen as a basis for a better performance of public organizations. Kosova after 1999 has undergone major changes in the social, economical, and political systems. Having this situation, public organizations have a great responsibility to the citizens and business organizations to provide services to adapt to the global trend of development and from which Kosova has been isolated. In this paper the focus will be on the impact of factors that affect the change process; how the process of change is developed; what are the barriers/obstacles that hinder the process of change; what are the benefits of the change; how much are managers in public organizations qualified to implement the process of change. Based on data collected from the field and from current practices, I will make their comparisons and draw conclusions about what factors influences the management changes and what are the barriers that will affect to increase efficiency and effectiveness in the organization gained from the data obtained in study. The data will be collected through questionnaires and findings obtained will help to come into a conclusion that these factors act as change management in public organizations in Kosovo.
Semantic Changes of Words in Albanian Language
Authors: Sula Adelina
Published: July 2017

The language has changed over the years due to social, cultural, economic and scientific developments. Changes are not only in new words, but also in the same words with different meanings. These words are explained differently in dictionaries. In the language of politics, emphasis is a fruitful discourse strategy. Persuasion and convincing are key strategies of politics. In this paper, we study these words, reasons of changes. This study is based in the dictionaries of Albanian language. Comparing the dictionaries of 1980 to 2006 word by word, we highlight those words with different explanation.
The Non-Property Personal Rights and Obligations of Parents Towards Children
Authors: Shestani Anilda
Published: July 2017

Parental responsibility is already defined in the Family Code as “the totality of the rights and obligations that aimed to ensure emotional, social and material welfare of the child, taking care, maintaining personal relations with him, and assuring him welfare, education, legal representation and administration of his property”. In this paper will be analyzed the parental rights and obligations that exercised about the personality of the child that arise as a result of personal non-property relations. This set of rights and duties is different from the other groups of rights and obligations of parent exactly for the lack of their economic content. Parental rights and obligations are the same regardless of the source of birth of parental relationship, biological or declaration of the will on one side, or regardless of the status of children born from the marriage or outside it, on the other side. The concept of the relationship between parents and children has changed a lot from the past in the time that we live today. In the modern concept, parental authority in exercising the rights and obligations to children is conceived in the interest of minors implying therefore the idea of protection that parents are obligated towards their children. This paper will also show how the non-property personal rights and obligations of parents towards the children are applicable in the practice; what are the main problems that appeared during this process and best recommendations for an efficient exercise of these rights and obligations based on the best interest of the child.
Sovereign Between Homogeneity and the Social Diversity - Discourse on the Ideas of J. S. Mill
Authors: Kalemaj Eriseld
Published: July 2017

In the context of political philosophy, one main issue that needs to be discussed is the notion of “sovereign”. The focus will be on the debate created following Rousseau’s theory and the French Revolution. In this article, we pay attention to the philosophical controversial that the famous English philosopher J. S. Mill (1806 – 1873) displays as a well-known author of utilitarianism and as a precursor of liberalism. This discourse rises above the trend to deduce society and in this logic, it is justified the sovereign as an embodiment of unity on one hand, and on the other one, it is the action on the dynamic condition of society or the problem of individual freedom. The question that rises here is on how legitimate will be the political power in a comprehensive decision if it will violate the freedom of just one of the subjects of society. Thus, the efforts should be oriented to the way the political power is brought which will create a particular culture on doing politics. In this sense we should ask about the profile that a sovereign should have. Trying to understand this kind of profile, we should see the sovereign in a “triangle” of factors, such as: the community (custom or public opinion); the power (objective representative of society); and freedom of the individual (the moral subject).
Eco-Feminism in Contemporary Female Iranian Poetry
Authors: Bagheri Narges
Published: July 2017

Today, nature, land and environment are of the important issues that everyone in his/her own position could have an important role in protecting them. Eco-feminism is a branch of feminism that communicates between ecology and feminism. Generally speaking, it can be said that Eco-feminists stesses on the three similar issues: women's relationships with nature, the relationship between domination over women and domination over nature, the role of women in solving ecological problems. One of their main arguments is that women mainly damage more from environmental pollution in comparison to men, as a result, the environment issue is mainly a gender-related issue. There is a consensus on the moral issues of environment protection, which is based on the wemen’s work and social posion, among eco-femenists. But their strategies for a change are different. One of these strategies is cultural strategy and can be related to literature and poetry. This paper explores the contemporary women's poetry from this point of view. Many of contemporary Iranian poetry samples show that they are closely linked with the nature. Respecting to the nature and environmental concerns and the preservation of nature has been reflected in their poetry and this voice can help changing the thought of society.
Notion of Strategic Control
Authors: Sejdija Qemajl
Published: July 2017

With strategic control, we understand the special type of strategic control which is aimed to monitoring and evaluation of strategic management process in order to ensure its functioning and progress. In fact, the strategic control is applied to ensure if all the planned results are accomplished during the process of strategic management. The basic purpose of strategic control is to assist senior management in achieving the objectives of the enterprise with the assistance of monitoring and evaluation of strategic management in general, and particularly in the implementation of the selected strategy. Relying on the preliminary explanation, the results of the assessments are reflected in the strategic management of the enterprise environment, the establishment of vision, mission and goals of the strategy and the conversion of strategy into shares. Strategic control in this case appears as a reverse link that provides feedback to determine whether all stages of the process of strategic management and how they function have been implemented in harmony.
Curriculum Reforms for Entrepreneurship Education and Quality Human Life
Authors: Oluseyi Oyekan Sam
Published: July 2017

Curriculum is the hard core of education that provides the basic contents and means of relevant knowledge, skills and attitudes for sustainable development. Schools are the generational educative agencies which would impart the functional learning experiences required to refine and nurture learners into productive manpower for technological advancement, industrial development and economic growth of the nation. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the relevance of curriculum reforms in the facilitation of educational innovations, entrepreneurial training and wealth creation for quality human life. It will be construed as a potent platform to seek and resolve prevailing problems associated with access to quality education, human capacity building, self-reliant employment opportunities and welfare of the citizenry. The school curriculum should provide a diversity of learning contents, creative innovations, professional standards and industrial experiences that will maximize the talents of learners, generate job opportunities and cater for the critical needs of self-reliant society. Hence, it is suggested that an increased access and funding of comprehensive education, distillation of entrepreneurial initiatives into the subject curricula, and the building of school-industry-community relationships and partnerships shall enhance continuing production of competent and responsive school graduates into the world of work. Such an educated workforce will have the capacity and capability to drive social, political, industrial and economic development for shared prosperity and quality of human life.
The “Ethos of Compassion” in Contemporary Social Intervention: The Janus Faces of Humanitarian Action Proposals
Authors: Pinto Albuquerque Cristina
Published: July 2017

In this communication we aim to discuss the social and political implications of an “ethos of compassion” that tends to emerge and to substantiate some of the current social and public action concerning social suffering. In fact, by considering mainly a moral of compassion as a political determinant element for the response to actual social suffering it is emphasized a linear conception of the human being which has implications with regard to its affirmation and recognition as a political agent. In this perspective the social and political categorization as a victim, combined with a mediatized focus in a sort of moral social responsibility nourished by the necessary distance between those that suffer and those that “observe” the suffering of others, are the main analytical axes of our reflection
The Sociocultural Aspects of Merchant Class in the Light of Russian Painting Art
Authors: Sinem Kucuk Kamile
Published: July 2017

The merchant class, which contributed to the improvement of Russia, evolved due to politicial reforms. Especially in 1861 the emancipation reform of the Russian serfs caused social and culturel changes in the life of merchants. In 19th and early 20th century, the works of Russian genre painters P.A. Fedetov, A.P. Ryabushkin, V.G. Perov, F. Juravlev and B.M. Kustodiyev not only reflected the social situation and stereotypes of merchants, but also revealed cultural history of the mentioned class. In this paper it is aimed to disclose the evolution of merchant class in 19th and the early 20th century, observing and analysing the art of Russian painting in sociocultural perspective.
Securitization of Migration and Human Rights in Europe
Authors: Topulli Enela
Published: July 2017

The Post-Cold War period would face the states with new problems in the field of security. Among the most discussed and contested aspects of the respective agendas is the migration. The events of September 11th redefined the concept of security in line with the new non-state actors, that came into the system. Migration in this respect is perceived as associated with terrorism and as a threat to the security of states. The phenomenon is widely regarded as securitized. The question relates to the legitimacy of this process and to what extent it affects and impacts human rights and fundamental freedoms. It is widely recognized that there is a contradiction between the human rights framework and that of security. What is noted is the nature of the discrepancy and alternatives to manage the risks, that political elites see as inextricably linked to migration. The paper focuses on concrete cases, such as France, UK and EU.
Employing Data Mining Techniques in Testing the Effectiveness of Modernization Theory
Authors: Aydın Tolga
Published: July 2017

This interdisciplinary study is concerned with testing the effectiveness of Modernization Theory in explaining regime change by means of data mining techniques. Modernization Theory, which links democratization with economic development (improvements in income, urbanization, industrialization, education and communication levels), has been criticized widely. Many criticisms posited that there is not a significant relation between economic development and democratization. This study is an attempt to test whether the theory has improved its effectiveness with the advent of the Internet and mobile phone technologies. To this end, first, the variables are introduced. Then, the study makes an analysis by using data mining techniques. It first tests the correlation between democratization and improvements in income, education, urbanization and communication levels within the period between 1976 and 1995. Then it adds the new variables, the Internet and mobile phone usage, and tests the correlation between democratization and this new range of variables for 1996-2015 period. In the conclusion, the study evaluates whether the effectiveness of Modernization Theory is improved when the Internet and mobile phone usage are added as the new variables. It is found that there is not a strong relation between income per capita and democratization as some critics of the Modernization Theory suggest, but other factors emphasized by this theory like improvements in education and communication have a more decisive effect. Moreover, among our new variables, Internet usage proved to be a really important variable conducive to democratization according to test results.
Effects and Benefits from ISO Certification in Albanian Businesses
Authors: Zoga Ira , Pano Nikollaq
Published: July 2017

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of ISO standards implementation in Albanian companies, through evidence of expected benefits and the actual ones at the framework of a company. The analysis is based on a theoretical overview of the advantages and results expected to derive from the certification, according to the abundant literature of the last decade. From the other side, the empirical study of a group of Albanian companies ISO certified constitutes the background of the real analysis that indicates the achieved results from the companies’ viewpoint. There are done efforts to assess and measure the quantitative and qualitative contribution of standards on the performance of manufacturing and service companies. Further on, the paper verifies that all companies do report benefits from the certification, although they are of variable types. The paper concludes with some suggestions about measuring of certification’ effects on the performance of companies, as well as revealing of factors that can contribute to a higher profitability of Albanian companies during the implementation of ISO 9000 normative. The authors intend to bring a modest contribution and encourage further studies on the field, closely related to the characteristics of Albanian businesses.
Poverty, Conflict due to the Young, with Parents
Authors: Ҫoni(Kacollja) Darina
Published: July 2017

The youth, between conflicts school, in their families and in the society. From the implemented study, it was resulted that one of the main reasons for their conflicts within the families is the economic situation. Poverty and unemployment are reasons which increase stress, anxiety in humans so they are more prone to conflicts. According to the study,it results that 14.2 percent of the girls and 16.5 percent of the boys approve that they conflict with their parents because they cannot meet their economic demands. From the survey data, about 42 percent of the students’ mothers are unemployed or retired and 18 percent of them are workers or farmers with minimal incomes and 20 percent of the students’ fathers are unemployed or retired, 18.1 percent of them are workers or farmers. Even the young people experience this poverty within their families, but their reaction is sometimes even conflictual.
Major Differences Between the Set of Rules of Accounting and Fiscal Policies in Albania
Authors: Isa Ilva
Published: July 2017

Studying and interacting in dynamic and unstable economic environments of transitory post dictatorial economies makes every previous theory and previous study very often controversial. In this study we aim to bring a comparison between the set of accounting rules and fiscal policies. A specific focus will be on the most used and most practiced terms and voices, without making apart other parts that we rarely find in such economies. The importance of taxes and fiscal policies in non stable economies is a vital factor for the enhancement of the economy and the social development of the entire society. The information will be acquired through a mixed methodology: searching for information in literature, gathering of information from responsible authorities and interviewing key information specialists. This mixed methodology allows to obtain a deeper set of insights into this issue. Interviews were done with three auditors and other five chartered accountants, employed in private and public sector or were partners in large consulting practice
Consequences of the Totalitarian past on the Albanian Post- Communist Society
Authors: Pajo Matilda
Published: July 2017

Enver Hoxha's communist regime lasted 45 years, leaving unstudied long-term consequences in the Albanian society. Still today, after 26 years of transition, the path of democratization of Albania remains unclear. Albania has been for more than four decades under one of the most isolated communist regimes in Europe. The transition from a communist totalitarian state to a democratic state is still incomplete even after 26 years since the fall of communism. Annual reports carried out by Freedom House noted a delay in the processes of democratic governance in Albania. In these reports, since 2007, based on the democratic indicators, Albania is defined as e hybrid regime. The aim of this paper is to argue that one of the reasons delaying democratization is the missing detachment, or the non-separation from the mentality of communist past. The methodology of this paper is qualitative nature, based on the international philosophical and political science literature. Also the author has studied countries, who have had similar experiences of totalitarian regimes and who later embraced democracy. This paper attempts to explain, that the bad governance is linked to the anti-democratic character of governance in Albania. Throughout Eastern Europe, Albania was the most radical, on the adaptation of Stalinist totalitarianism type, and nevertheless still today, is not seeking punishment of crimes of communism and has not implemented a law on lustration. The past can become an obstacle to the future when is not studied, recognized and confronted with.
Extradition as One of the Forms of Transfer of Detainees and Convicts. Albanian Experience
Authors: Hasani Nikolin
Published: July 2017

International mobility and migration have been increased due to the world globalization. This situation has affected international judicial cooperation, which has become of a special importance in managing issues linked to the pursuit and conviction of foreign citizens, as well as their extradition before or after a criminal sentence. Transfer of non-nationals convicted of a crime and sentenced to their home country, has become common practice. The transfer contributes to the rehabilitation of the sentenced person. The aim of this paper is to address the legal aspects of how it applies to the Albanian criminal legislation detainee and transfer of inmates, given that the Albanian society, a society in transition, has evolved and changed with quick steps while individual deprived of liberty does not concur with a fundamentally changed reality. Herein lays the purpose of the transfer as an opportunity for more steps towards re-integration of his resocialization.
The Impact of Multimedia in Teaching and Learning
Authors: Agaj Fatmir
Published: July 2017

The innovations that happen in education seek for great leaders and with an outstanding professional background. The innovation managers are very open-minded to the changes that occur in schools, but unfortunately there are many of them who are closed to such changes in schools, the reason to resist is the lack of knowledge towards these educational innovations and of the changes that could be made in the schools and in the classrooms. Avoiding such problems could be made through active participation of the teachers in trainings, because the development of the technology and the improvement of the educational technology influences many changes in teaching methods and forms. Based on previous research it was seen that the role of multimedia in the classroom influences a great interest in participating actively in learning. This research was chosen intentionally with the reason of playing a positive role in raising the awareness of the community, with the argumentation of the hypothesis that multimedia in the learning process has a great role in purifying students with new information. Education, as a rule, slowly accepts any implementation of innovations in comparison with business, producing, transportation etcetera. In addition to it, implementing multimedia systems, distance learning, virtual schools etcetera would definitely increase the activity of the students in advancing their skills in comparison with their former background knowledge.
Geopolitics of Energy
Authors: Muskaj Blerina
Published: July 2017

At the beginning of my paper I will explain the concept of "Geopolitics of Energy", this will be done for a quite simple reason, because I want everyone who can sit to read this article to understand more clearly what is at stake, therefore allow them the comprehension of what is being elaborated bellow at first sight. Geopolitics of energy is a concept that relates to policies choosing exporters to implement on importers, is the policy that has an impact on energy consumption, which includes consumer’s choice in the geopolitical context, taking into account the economy, foreign policy, the safety of energy, environmental consequences and priorities that carries the energy exporter. This concept permits the understanding of how works the politics that undertakes this initiative taking into account natural resources such as: natural gas and oil. Natural gas and oil are two main resources that produce energy but also two main elements on which arises all the topic in the energetics game. For this paper is used qualitative methodology, through which we were able to accomplish this work. I focused on scientific literature, official publications and reports on energy geopolitics. The main aim has been to show how in this decade, energy security is at the center of geopolitical agenda and has become the focus of numerous political debates. Regarding this point of view, Europe is taking the initiative to create a common energy market within the continent by creating projects, in which Albania appears as a new regional energy potential. Russia, which is aiming to play a role in the international arena, is seeking to position itself geopolitically in "its political weapon", hydrocarbon resources, in particular natural gas resources.
Success Factors in Decision Making and Negotiation Processes for Raw Material Supply Transactions
Authors: Stelzer Alexander
Published: July 2017

Problem Statement: The topics raw materials, waste and energy will be the top economic issues of the future, or influence and affect all other subjects (human resources, culture, society, etc. ); all combined with technology, IT and Tech Communication. The shortage of raw materials is one of the central issues in the future perspective and this fact is already influencing the relationship between buyer, producer and supplier.
Causal Connectors in Albanian Language - Causal Conjunctions
Authors: Velencia Fabiana , Ipeku Alketa
Published: July 2017

This paper discuses connectors, the connectors will be analyzed within their causal relationship, reasons and motives. The Albanian scholar Floqi determines the known and unknown reasons of the usage of the conjunctions and the position of these casuals, before the main clause or after the main clause. On the other hand, the scholar Mirna analysis the conjunction because as a subordinate conjunction, some of which are in the subordinate clause and in other cases followed by the main clause. The connection between these two cases manifest themselves in a linear way, it is typical of subordinate conjunctions that may even be at the beginning or after the main clause. In addition, the coordination conjunction gives the clause after the main one.
Functioning of Angel Investor Ecosystem in Turkey: A Study on Aegean Region Angel Investors
Authors: Dursun Elif , Tekin Fahreddin , Karaosmanoglu Akın
Published: July 2017

Turkey is at its infancy regarding the Angel Investment Ecosystem although it has a huge potential of Entrepreneurial Activities. There exist various alternatives for promoting start-ups or individual entrepreneurs such as KOSGEB, TOBB, bank loans, Incentives of Ministry of Economics, etc. However, those also come with strict procedures and bureaucracy which discourage the entrepreneurs having creative ideas. In this regard, angel investors are seemed to be the shortcuts to the actualization of the idea and the achievement eventually. Angel Investment Ecosystem in Turkey is also advantageous because it is backed up by Regulations published in 2013 (Individual Participation Capital Legislation published on 15 February 2013, in official newspaper of Turkish Republic). In this study, a broad history of Angel Investment Ecosystem in Turkey is analysed to form a pattern on Angel Investors' decision making process and angels' role on the actualization of entrepreneurial idea. We use samples from Aegean Region in which contains high potential of improvement in this Ecosystem. Angel Investors from Aegean Region and the entrepreneurs they have invested on are interviewed to gather information for understanding of how the angels decide and how the Ecosystem functions. Comments on findings and foresights for the future of angel investing in Turkey are presented as the conclusion.
Inclusion of Ict During the Transformation of the Environment of Learning of the Current with that One in the Centre for the Students – Experience and Attitudes of the Teachers
Authors: Mula Freskina , Mula Shqipe
Published: July 2017

The integration of the technology in education will mean a lot for the basic skills of computerizing and computers programs in a classroom. Effective integration of these technological skills should occur across the curriculum in ways that studies show deepening and enhancing of the learning process. The purpose of this paper addresses the fundamental issue of how schools, teachers and students are ready to use the basic tools of ICT (radio, TV, mobile phones, computers, laptops, projector, application programs, Word, Excel, Power-Point etc. ) during the teaching / learning process, knowing the rapid development of technology. Given the fact that the population in Kosovo consists mainly of new age, youth (age 15-24) who include 55. 3% of the population involved in the educational process www. ks-gov. net/esk, then from these data we can draw an image that the use of new technologies by young people and it is necessary installation requirement of ICT in schools, therefore there stems the need for this research. The survey was conducted in five schools of lower secondary education in the municipality of Gjakova/Republic of Kosovo. For conducting this paper there were used these methods: theoretical analysis method, the analysis of pedagogical documentation, the inductive method, comparative and statistical and research instrument was a questionnaire, which is applied to teachers and students. These changes, switching from traditional learning in contemporary learning using the technology undoubtedly help students and enables them to interact theoretical and practical knowledge in order to more easily apply the knowledge acquired.
Music and Development of Creative Personality Within Higher Education Environment. Aesthetic and Semiotic Approach
Authors: Cheremisova Irina
Published: July 2017

The article presents the results of the study confirming effectiveness of psychological support of creative personality development by means of music from the perspective of a new aesthetic-semiotic approach. The author proves that musical education determines development of creative personality. In addition to the above music is understood as a complex psychosemantic text, polysemantic and with a lot of different meanings. The study is centered around the use of classical music masterpieces performed "live" in psychological work. Basing on the analysis of researches the author developed a psychological mechanism for creative personality development by means of music, consisting of a system of interrelated conditions. The author describes types, methods, techniques aimed to develop musical creative personality with due account for specifics of modern educational environment of the university, based on the presented psychological mechanism. In the course of ascertaining experiment the following tasks were solved: 1) determine the level of musical and creative development of students from experimental and control groups; 2) identify characteristics of musical and creative development of University students. Results of the formative experiment showed that the implementation of a special educational program in the educational process significantly accelerates development of musicality and creativity of an individual and strengthens internal relationship of those characteristics (p-0. 01). A distinctive feature of the musical and semantic model of psychological support of creative personality development by means of music is that it can be applied at any stage of education in any educational institution.
The Effects of Networks on New Entrepreneur’s Internationalization, a Case Study from Izmir-Turkey
Authors: Goztas Aylin , Yarkin Dincer , Topsumer Fusun
Published: July 2017

Entrepreneurship is not only one of the important topics of developed countries but also takes place in developing countries. State and government agencies, as well as private sector representatives spend efforts for increasing the number of entrepreneurs in an economy. Thus, it is expected to decrease unemployment rates, prevent unrecorded economy and accelerating innovation capability of a nation. To achieve these goals, it is crucial to understand who the entrepreneur is, how their potential will be brought out, what kind of support does he/she need. Especially in emerging economies, entrepreneurs should have vision of being international to gain competitive advantage. Because of that reason researches on internationalization of new ventures have been intensified for 20 years. After experiencing and observing the role of networks and networking on sustainable entrepreneurship, number of studies have been increased. In this study, we chose to conduct in depth interviews among the companies who are in business less 5 years and having an export percentage 10% in accordance with total sales. The findings of the research show that networking accelerates internationalization of new ventures.
Public Procurement in Albania, Germany, Macedonia and Kosovo
Authors: Salianji Ervin
Published: July 2017

The public procurements is a developed field in the countries which had blooming economic development trends. It is a very important field for the governments as every government is a buyer of goods, services and performance of works. During the last years in all the countries public procurement occupied an important space as through it the expenses of public money is performed. This trend of development during this period is more emphasized especially in the countries which had a transition from the planned economics to market economy. For the eastern and central Europe public procurement these last 20 years was a new term as the economy of these countries was planned and centralized.
Languages in Contact - Some Results of Research at Albanian University Students in Italy
Authors: Prendushi Gjilda Alimhilli
Published: July 2017

This work is the result of personal observations of university Albanian students` studying Albanian language, with different times of residence in Italy, and contact between the Albanian and Italian language, too. My contacts with the students are grouped in two situations: those at work as lectures, seminars, receptions and examinations, and casual. It can be seen big differences in the use of two languages in these different situations. In the first group, at work, the use of the Albanian language is certainly much more correct and various forms of "mixing" almost non-existent. In the second group, especially among people very close or in the presence of Italian friends, it can be seen immediately code changes between Albanian and Italian. The communication code changing is under the influence of various factors. It is clear that reference students use Italian for formal use, for example, in their communications with teachers, while the Albanian in informal situations as at home and more. Thus, the choice of language is influenced by situational factors, like the stylistic choices that people make in a single language. Moreover, they with the language choice can move and change the tone of a situation, from formal to informal, too. These situations encountered made the basis for beginning the study. The examples cited in this paper are collected and classified, in accordance with the standard methodology, into various groups according to the probable cause for the change of the code of communication: Code changes used mainly in Italy but also in Albania; Code changes related to technology; Code changes related to the pronunciation; Code changes related to the characteristics of the country where they stay; Translations. Certainly, this first phase of research has shown the clear presence of code changes in the Albanian language. These phenomena are of various types and of varying importance: in a group of individuals it is a strong influence of the territory, Italy, for this reason we can presume that, back in Albania, the students will lose it; in another group of individuals it seems that it could turn, maybe, into loans. The last category includes some words that reflect deficiencies in the lexicon of the Albanian language, but also others that may gain ground thanks to their peculiarities. The results presented in this work should not be generalized, they only aspire to expand our understanding to the linguistic and social phenomena of contact between two languages such as Albanian and Italian, and in general, on the subject of bilingualism and the effects of the stay for a long time in Italy of Albanian people.
Exploring Servant Leadership Instrument for Social Enterprise (Cooperative)
Authors: Latiff Aziz , Majid Izaidin Abdul , Mohamad Maizura
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and validation of a multi-dimensional instrument to measure servant leadership in social enterprise (cooperative) context. Based on an extensive literature review, expert’s judgment and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), 57 items were formulated and only 27 items yielding to five factors: doing right things, develop vision with others, democratic, develop others potential and develop community. The construct develops purposely for social enterprise (cooperative). The participants of the study consisted random sample of the cooperative’s manager in Malaysia.
LGBTTQ Movements in Turkey: The People Living in “Other Side”
Authors: Sarı Özgür
Published: July 2017

As well as all around the World, in Turkey, non-heterosexual (lesbian, bisexual, gay, transsexual, transgender, quir) oriented movements and identities are much more visible in public sphere. For LGBTTQ people, to be more visible in the public sphere, to manipulate policies and public opinion, to give voice for their freedom and rights, NGOs and initiatives based on sexual orientation out of hegemonic sexual identity have been improving rapidly in the World. Parallel to the global rise, in Turkey LGBTTQ movements and NGOs are more and more active today as a new social movement. In the parameters behind the development of LGBTTQ movements, totally eight LGBTTQ NGOs are active in Turkey’s cities Istanbul, Ankara, İzmir, Eskişehir and Diyarbakır. To transform the heterosexist, patriarchal and militarist public sphere in Turkey, the LGBTTQ NGOs prepare some activities, demonstrations and the most famous one “Istanbul Pride”. In this study, their propaganda techniques, media tools, projects to effect public opinion, and their relations to other NGOs and initiatives are seen as typically the items of new social movements. Behind the rise of sexual oriented social movements, the decline of national identities, the dissolution of citizenship, class identities and the decline of identities based on production relations play crucial roles.
Education as An Important Dimension of the Poverty
Authors: Bici Ruzhdie , Çela Mirësi
Published: July 2017

Poverty is an important phenomenon affecting individual and household life. It is important to know the factors that influence the possibility of being poor. An important cause and effect of poverty, one of the ones multidimensional nature of poverty is education level. Mostly, when we speak for the poverty, we based our estimates in the monetary terms, income or consumption. There are other dimensions like education, health, infrastructure, access in basic services, etc, that influence the economic and financial situation of the individuals. In Albania, to calculate the absolute poverty line is used the monetary poverty based on the consumption. The data refers to the Living Standard Measurement Survey (LSMS), which gives us the possibility to have multi indicators and also disaggregate and test the relationship and influence. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the influence of different indicators, mainly related with education and analyzing the influence on the poverty reduction. This research is based on Living Standard Measurement Survey (LSMS). This is a multidimensional survey collected near households and it collects information for living conditions, health, education, poverty, assets, migration etc. Is is used descriptive analyses and multinominal regression to analyse the trend on education and the significance on categories of different factors inluenced the education level. At the end we conclude that education is an influenced factors but also influence the poverty.
Development of CALP through ICT and Lexical Approach in Second Generation Foreign Students
Authors: Firpo Elena
Published: July 2017

The public Italian School is a multicultural school: 51% of foreign students were born in Italy or arrived before starting primary school and their academic performance is lower than average, as verified by the Ministry of Education (MIUR 2015) and confirmed by a research group of Genoa University that assessed pupils’ prior knowledge in an elementary school. Consequently two research questions have been formulated:;1. A second generation foreign student has the same CALP (Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency, Cummins 1979) as an Italian student? 2. Can the development of CALP both in Italian and Spanish give significant results? If so, which ones? The project LI.LO (acronym of Lingua Italiana, Lingua di Origine) aims to study relations between heritage language and second language acquisition in CALP. It also has the purpose to build bilingualism programs in the public middle school by using ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) in order to improve academic proficiency and study skills in both languages. This paper wants to show the two basic phases of the project: in the first phase the researchers collected data about students’ linguistic prior knowledges and skills, showing a better competence in the section of the pre-test related to the lexicon. The analysis of the first phase was used to consider aims and guidelines for the bilingual course LI.LO. The method has been the Lexical Approach (Lewis, 1993, 1997) . Secondly the researchers opened the course on a platform CLAT/Clire, in which they put materials in both languages. ICT were used in many activities. In the contribute it will be shown analysis, results and further perspectives of the project.
Albanian Building Stock Typology and Energy Building Code in Progress Towards National Calculation Methodology of Performance on Heating and Cooling.
Authors: Simaku Gjergji
Published: July 2017

The expertise on building stock typology used openly available data from the Albanian statistical office. As the CENSUS was not especially designed for gathering data for the energetic evaluation of the building stock, some data were not available on the required level of detail. Estimations were necessary to extrapolate data to the existing stock. Technically, the study selected and described twenty representative categories of residential buildings typology for Albania. Were identified the level and the structure of final energy consumption at present and in the future by building age category, building type, climate zone, and energy end-use. Using an original template excel data sheet, were conducted the calculations of their thermal energy performance in three climate zones, designed standardized retrofit packages, calculated possible energy savings, and investment required by building type. The engineering principle of the Regulation in force, regarding to the legislative act of Energy Building Code in Albania, is beyond any doubt correct and carefully studied. The act is a rule book or the Regulation (energy building code - here The Code) which contains information that is sufficient to perform calculations of the different insulating layers for new construction after the year 2003. Also, the Regulation’s algorithms are still relevant in terms of calculation to provide Energy for heating demands in Albania. After 12 years, the Code remains the same and could provide either an optimal potential energy savings to the existing buildings, or an optimal cost-effective of building’s insulation without imposing a burden of high financial housing builders to multifamily prospective buyers. Based today Europe’s developments on Energy Performance of Buildings, the study is found relevant to provide a methodology for calculation of the energy performance in buildings (kWh/ m2a) based on volumetric coefficient heat losses (Gvt) for heating only, the existing indicator of the existing Code. The following study deals with the possibility of transposing the methodology used to the Code into an energy Performance based on minimum requirement for a new Regulation and/or EP Calculation Methodology based on efficient use of energy for heating and cooling purposes.
Financing Higher Education in the Islamic World Through Waqf (Endowment)
Authors: Negasi Dr. Mohamed Ibrahim
Published: July 2017

This study shows the meaning of waqf (endowment), its rule, pillars, and its classifications. Then it discusses in detail the contemporary application of the waqf in the financing of higher education from the Islamic point of view. The contemporary applications of waqf, assimilate cash Waqf (Waqf al-nuqood) that are used to finance the establishment and maintenance of higher education institutions, as well as providing the study and research materials for students and lecturers. It is also applied for endowment of books and software program that are relevant to the research and study. Also the endowment of libraries and equipment needed by laboratories, labs and libraries, as well as endowment of the rehabilitation research centers. The study uses the descriptive, the inductive and the analytical method. Based on the discussions and analyses, the study concluded that Waqf plays an effective and influential role in providing funding for higher education.
Headmaster’s Competencies in Management Area: Evaluating the Significance Level of Managerial Competencies in Lithuanian Comprehensive Schools
Authors: Bairašauskienė Lina
Published: July 2017

The aim of the article is to present the insights of carried survey on evaluating the level of significance of managerial competencies in comprehensive schools in Lithuania. The approach that head teachers’ managerial competency highly influences the process of education and is one of the most important factors ensuring efficiency of school activities such as educational policy and strategic planning, educational process, management of human, material and financial resources has been followed. Researcher self-made questionnaire for expert evaluation was used to measure competency components. In the paper the author presents main results of one part of the research related to school leader’s competencies in management area, which was divided into five spheres: strategic institution management, teaching and learning process administration, managing human resource development, ensuring and managing structure, processes and resources of institution, strategic partnership and collaboration. Each of the spheres comprises different items – competences a successful headmaster should dispose. The significance, specified as the most important, was assessed by ranking procedure. The Kendall coefficient of concordance has been used to assess the agreement among raters for every ranked question. The results revealed that the most significant head teachers’ competencies which highly influence the results of school activity areas are the abilities to form the strategic direction and implement effective staff policy, strengthen the attitude of school community that each student can reach a success in the learning process, organize conducive conditions for professional staff development, administer property and allocations, collaborate with parents, foster-parents or guardians.