bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recherche de voies de passage au « développement durable » et réflexivité institutionnelle. Retour sur les prétentions à la gestion d'une transition générale
Authors: Rumpala Yannick
Published: December 2010

Résumé La concrétisation d’un « développement durable » tend de plus en plus souvent à être pensée sous l’angle d’une nécessaire transition à réaliser. L’article vise à analyser les modalités de pénétration de cette perspective dans les sphères institutionnelles et à montrer comment elle est le produit et le vecteur d’une forme de réflexivité collective qui a aussi des répercussions dans les activités de gouvernement. Il s’agit alors de saisir en quoi la transition vers un « développement durable » est devenue un objet de réflexion, mais aussi un objet d’énonciation et un objet de gouvernement.
Évaluer la microfinance, entre utilité sociale et performances financières
Authors: Bédécarrats Florent
Published: December 2010

Résumé Cet article de recherche en science politique analyse l’émergence de normes d’évaluation en microfinance. Il montre que malgré son hétérogénéité, ce secteur est influencé par des critères de mesures communs, qui ont avant tout été financiers, induisant un risque de dérive de la microfinance par rapport à ses fonctions de développement. Toutefois, de nouveaux enjeux favorisent l’émergence de normes sociales, qui portent sur des aspects divers, reflétant des conceptions différentes de ce qu’est et doit être la microfinance.
Paysages post-urbains : la fin de l'expérience urbaine et les formes communicatives de l'habiter
Authors: Di Felice Massimo
Published: December 2010

Résumé En partant de l’analyse de quelques sens donnés au concept de crise de la ville, cet article met en évidence premièrement les aspects médiatiques de la situation habitative dans les contextes métropolitains (situation qui se caractérise par la reproduction électronique et visuelle du territoire ainsi que par la diffusion d’expériences exotopiques de l’habiter). Dans un deuxième temps, sera proposée une analyse des caractéristiques métagéographiques et des interactions techniques que celles-ci ont avec le territoire dans les contextes digitaux ; contextes qui, quant à eux, sont marqués par l’avènement des info-géographies ainsi que par la diffusion des formes atopiques de l’habiter.
Le mythe de Venise
Authors: Yagoubi Amina
Published: December 2010

Résumé Venise n’est pas modernité, car l’idée de la modernité est liée à celle du tourisme, du stéréotype. Il faut dès lors penser Venise en termes de post-modernité si cela est possible en investissant l’idée d’une cité culturelle avec des activités de recherche… La perte de la mémoire concerne toutes les grandes villes, le monde entier. Qui connaît Paris désormais ? Pas même l’habitant ! Nous ne sommes d’ailleurs plus des habitants mais des résidents mobiles. Venise est un mythe particulier, très lourd, pesant pour la possibilité d’innover. Le mythe essentiellement romantique de Venise lié au tourisme tue toute possibilité d’innovation et fige par conséquent, Venise. La cité européenne méditerranéenne, organique, puise sa force dans sa capacité constructive, technique. Venise est pierre ! Rien n’est naturel à Venise, tout est « ars », « tekhnê » 1 …
Entrailles de la ville : les écritures vues du métro
Authors: Spinelli Luciano
Published: December 2010

Résumé Le métro parisien cache des couches d’histoires qui parfois se donnent à voir sous quelques affiches publicitaires épluchées comme un oignon. Quelle est la signalétique qui nous guide dans ces tunnels ? Les conducteurs des rames sont nos cicérones dans ce monde d’ombre. Au travers d’entretiens qualitatifs, nous allons écouter quelques-uns d’entre eux de façon à entrevoir leurs ressentis de la communication urbaine.
Syntaxe et ponctuation en conflit. Le point est-il une limite de la rection ?
Authors: Gautier Antoine
Published: December 2010

Résumé « Le point final d’une phrase est-il une limite de la rection verbale ? » Telle est la question centrale de cette contribution, qui examine le poids des frontières graphiques de la phrase dans la prise en compte des relations syntaxiques existant notamment entre le verbe et les éléments qui en dépendent. L’auteur s’attache à décrire et analyser en particulier les constituants qui, situés à droite de la clôture graphique d’une phrase syntaxiquement complète, entretiennent avec un constituant de celle-ci une relation syntaxique susceptible d’apparaître en phrase. Il montre que les ajouts de constituants essentiels à une construction verbale (compléments valenciels) sont peu acceptables et que, pour cette raison, le point constitue bien une limite de la rection verbale.
Registro del género Aeolosaurus (Sauropoda, Titanosauria) en el del Cretácico tardío de América del Sur: implicaciones paleogeográficas
Authors: Candeiro C. R.A.
Published: December 2010

El Cretácico Superior de América del Sur ha brindado fósiles del titanosaurio Aeolosaurini Aeolosaurus, de Argentina (de las Formaciones Allen, Los Alamitos, Angostura Colorada y Bajo Barreal) y de Brasil (de las Formaciones Adamantina y Marília). Hasta el momento, cuatro especies han sido reconocidas: Aeolosaurus colhuehuapensis, Aeolosaurus rionegrinus, A. rionegrinus? y Aeolosaurus sp. Gondwanatitan faustoi, recientemente considerado un sinónimo junior de Aeolosaurus, aquí demostrado un taxón válido. La presencia de Aeolosaurus en las rocas Turoniano-Santoniano del centro de Brasil y de los depósitos Campaniano-Maastrichtiano de la Argentina, indica que la distribución temporal y geográfica de aeolosaurinos fue mayor que lo reconocido previamente. Los registros de Aeolosaurus en el Maastrichtiano de la Formación Marília, en Brasil, demuestran que este género se mantuvo después de la incursión marina que se produjo en el norte de la Patagonia durante el Campaniano-Maastrichtiano. Las asociaciones de tetrápodos del Cretácico superior del centro de Brasil y de la Patagonia son comparables en edad y contenido de fósiles.
Geological Investigations of Baffin Island Shelf in 1982
Authors: MacLean B , Williams G L
Published: December 2010

Marine geological and geophysical studies of the Baffin Island continental shelf, carried out from CSS Hudson in 1982, were concerned primarily with the collection of bedrock samples. Biostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic analyses of the samples permitted
identification of units previously only observed on seismic profiles. Palynological studies indicate the presence of Upper Cretaceous strata at Home Bay, and Lower Cretaceous strata off Padloping Island and in the outer part of Cumberland Sound. Cores obtained from Hudson Strait are lithologically
similar to Lower Paleozoic rocks outcropping on Coats and Southampton islands in northern Hudson Bay. Surficial sediment samples were taken to define correlations and depositional history of Quaternary sediments on the southeastern Baffin shelf.
Volcanic breccias in the Isachsen formation near Strand Fiord, Axel Heiberg Island, District of Franklin
Authors: Ricketts B D
Published: December 2010

An 80 m thick sequence of volcanic breccia occurs in the upper Isachsen Formation at the northeast end of Strand Fiord. Most of the sequence consists of nonstratified, angular, nonsorted basalt breccia. These massive breccias originated when rising magma reacted
with meteoric water at very shallow burial depths, and were subsequently extruded as breccia onto the Isachsen delta plain. A different origin is envisaged for the crudely stratified and matrix-supported breccias that occur in the upper few metres of the sequence. They are probably lahars that
reworked the extruded breccia and small amounts of included bedrock.
The Melville Project, 19841985: Progress Report
Authors: Christie R L
Published: December 2010

A second field season of the two-year Melville Project, a field and laboratory study of Melville Island, has been completed. The project comprises a broad spectrum of research, and several reports are in preparation. A review of Melville Island geology in the
light of accumulated information allows some new interpretations for potential hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs.
The Eureka Sound Group of eastern Axel Heiberg Island: New Data On the Eurekan Orogeny
Authors: Ricketts B D , McIntyre D J
Published: December 2010

The stratigraphy of Tertiary conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone and lignite beds, which outcrop over a wide area of eastern Axel Heiberg Island, is reassessed. The deposits are considered to be synorogenic on the basis of structure (overthrust by older Sverdrup
Basin units in the Stolz Thrust zone), lithology and palynology. The deposits are correlated with thick synorogenic conglomerates at Mokka Fiord, and are included in the Buchanan Lake Formation of the Eureka Sound Group. The timing of synorogenic sedimentation can now be interpreted as Middle
Eocene, on the basis of well preserved palynofloras. The deposits accumulated in the Axel Heiberg foredeep, which was one of a series of orogenic foredeeps that developed along eastern Axel Heiberg Island and eastern Ellesmere Island.
Lower Permian [Asselian] Ammonoids and Conodonts From the Belcher Channel Formation, southwestern Ellesmere Island
Authors: Nassichuk W W , Henderson C M
Published: December 2010

A diverse fauna of Lower Permian ammonoids, including representatives of Neopronorites, Oaixites, Boesites, Agathiceras, Glaphyrites, and Emilites is associated with representatives of the conodont Streptognathodus and the fusulinids Pseudofusulina and
Pseudofusulinella in the lower part of the Belcher Channel Formation at Blind Fiord, southwestern Ellesmere Island. Ammonoids, conodonts and fusulinaceans all indicate an earliest Permian (Asselian) age.
A late Triassic Rb-Sr phlogopite isochron age for a kimberlite dyke form the Rankin Inlet area, Nunavut; Radiogenic age and isotopic studies: Report 14
Authors: Davis W J , Miller A R
Published: December 2010

A Rb-Sr phlogopite isochron age of 214.3 ± 1 Ma is reported for a kimberlite dyke from the Rankin Inlet area, western Churchill Province, Nunavut. The age is 20 Ma older than U-Pb perovskite ages for other kimberlite dykes in the same area, indicating a
significant time span for kimberlite magmatism of the Rankin Inlet cluster in the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic.
U-Pb zircon age and regional setting of the Lapeyrère gabbronorite, Portneuf-Mauricie region, south-central Grenville Province, Quebec; Radiogenic age and isotopic studies: Report 14
Authors: Nadeau L , van Breemen O
Published: December 2010

High-grade tectonite bodies of the Portneuf Mauricie region were intruded by a number of small and scattered, late Grenvillian, mid-crustal gabbroic intrusions. These consist chiefly of fresh and massive gabbro and gabbronorite with well preserved igneous mineral
textures, to locally recrystallized and foliated gneissic equivalents. The Lapeyrère gabbronorite is the largest of these intrusions. Uranium-lead dating of igneous zircon crystals gives a crystallization age at 1069 ± 2 Ma, close to ages previously reported for the Shawinigan
gabbronorite, and two small gabbroic intrusions in Canton Taché, along the southern margin of the Lac-Saint-Jean anorthosite complex. Although modest in size, these distant intrusions signal a regionally extensive gabbroic intrusive event in the 1080 1067 Ma interval, at the onset of widespread
granitoid plutonism in the south-central Grenville Province. The almost complete absence of anorthosite and the limited volume of gabbroic rocks, appear, however, to set apart this 1080 1067 Ma gabbroic pulse from those leading to classic anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite (AMCG) association.
Job crafting: Towards a new model of individual job redesign
Authors: Tims Maria , Bakker Arnold B.
Published: December 2010

Orientation: For a long time, employees have been viewed as passive performers of their assigned job tasks. Recently, several scholars have argued that job design theory needs to address the influence of employees on their job designs.Research purpose: The purpose of the study was to fit job crafting in job design theory.Motivation for the study: The study was an attempt to shed more light on the types of proactive behaviours of individual employees at work. Moreover, we explored the concept of job crafting and its antecedents and consequences.Research design, approach and method: A literature study was conducted in which the focus was first on proactive behaviour of the employee and then on job crafting.Main findings: Job crafting can be seen as a specific form of proactive behaviour in which the employee initiates changes in the level of job demands and job resources. Job crafting may be facilitated by job and individual characteristics and may enable employees to fit their jobs to their personal knowledge, skills and abilities on the one hand and to their preferences and needs on the other hand.Practical/managerial implications: Job crafting may be a good way for employees to improve their work motivation and other positive work outcomes. Employees could be encouraged to exert more influence on their job characteristics.Contribution/value-add: This article describes a relatively new perspective on active job redesign by the individual, called job crafting, which has important implications for job design theories.
Positive psychology and the training of psychologists: Students’ perspectives
Authors: Guse Tharina
Published: December 2010

Orientation: The development of positive psychology interventions have burgeoned internationally and are relevant to the professional training of psychologistsResearch purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the personal and professional impact of including positive psychology in the professional training of clinical and counselling psychologists.Motivation for the study: It is not known how students previously educated in a pathogenic paradigm experience the exposure to positive psychology, and resultant paradigm shift, as part of their professional training.Research design, approach and method: A qualitative research design was implemented. Data consisted of written documents submitted by the participants and was analyzed by means of thematic analysis.Main findings: Integrating positive psychology in the professional training curriculum was valuable and enriching on both a professional and personal level. The participants reported an experience of positive emotions and increased sense of self-understanding and psychological well-being. Professionally they experienced a sense of increased self-efficacy.Practical/managerial implications: Positive psychology should be considered as part of the basic training of psychologists since it may enhance the development of trainee psychologists’ professional self, enhance aspects of psychological well-being as well as prevent stress and burnout.Contribution/value-add: This is the first South African study to explore the impact of including positive psychology principles and interventions in professional training.
Positive states in relation to entrepreneurship orientation
Authors: Shein Meryll L. , Crous Freddie , Schepers Johann M.
Published: December 2010

Orientation: The main issue of this article concerns the construction and evaluation of an instrument measuring positive states and its relationship with entrepreneurship orientation.Research purpose: The principal objective of the study was the construction of a normative scale to measure the positive states associated with appreciative ability and to relate it to a scale of entrepreneurial orientation. A secondary objective was to determine whether there was a statistically significant relationship between the measures of the constructs and the biographical variables of gender and culture.Motivation: As appreciative ability is a relatively new construct and no instrument exists for measuring the positive states emanating from this construct, it was decided to develop such an instrument and to relate it to entrepreneurship orientation.Research design, approach and method: The primary data were obtained by means of the newly designed instrument, the Positive States Questionnaire and the Entrepreneurship Orientation Questionnaire. A convenience sample of 210 second year commerce students was drawn.Main findings: From a principal factor analysis applied to the two instruments, two factors each were obtained. A significantly high correlation was found, indicating a strong relationship between entrepreneurship orientation and the positive states. No significant differences were found between gender or population in the entrepreneurship orientation and positive states measures.Practical/managerial implications: The study produced an instrument with highly acceptable metrical properties which may be used in future studies and for entrepreneurship development.Contribution/value-add: The results of the study suggest that positive states are invaluable attributes for the entrepreneur and should be explored in the assessment and development of entrepreneurs.
Possible shift of spectral response function of the MODIS 6.8 μm water vapor channel causing a cold bias of 2–3 K
Authors: Sohn B. J. , Kim B.-R. , Lee S.-S.
Published: December 2010

Abstract. The calibration of the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 6.8 μm water vapor (WV) channel was assessed by comparing Terra/MODIS measurements with the WV channel brightness temperatures equivalent to Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) measurements for June 2007 and December 2007. IASI spectral information was transferred to the Japanese Multifunctional Transport Satellite (MTSAT)-1R WV channel and then to the MODIS WV channel. Results indicate that the MODIS WV channel is biased low by 2–3 K, possibly caused by the shift of the spectral response function by about +11 cm−1. This finding is particularly important because the bias of −3 K can cause about +30% relative errors in the retrieval of upper tropospheric humidity (UTH) over the tropics. In other words, the current MODIS measurements may result in higher UTH values, showing relative errors up to +30%.
Intercomparison of atmospheric water vapor soundings from the differential absorption lidar (DIAL) and the solar FTIR system on Mt. Zugspitze
Authors: Vogelmann H. , Sussmann R. , Trickl T. , Borsdorff T.
Published: December 2010

Abstract. We present an intercomparison of three years of measurements of integrated water vapor (IWV) performed by the mid-infrared solar FTIR instrument on the summit of Mt. Zugspitze (2964 m a.s.l.) and the nearby near-infrared differential absorption lidar (DIAL) at the Schneefernerhaus research station (UFS, 2675 m a.s.l.). The solar FTIR turned out to be one of the most accurate and precise IWV sounders in recent work (Sussmann et al., 2009) and is taken as the reference here. By calculating the FTIR-DIAL correlation (22 min coincidence interval, 15 min integration time) we derive an almost ideal slope of 0.99(1), a correlation coefficient of R = 0.99, an IWV intercept of 0.056(42) mm (1.8% of the mean), and a bias of 0.097(26) mm (3.1% of the mean) from the scatter plot. By selecting a subset of coincidences with an optimum temporal and spatial matching between DIAL and FTIR, we obtain a conservative estimate of the precision of the DIAL in measuring IWV which is better than 0.1 mm (3.2% of the mean). We found that for a temporal coincidence interval of 22 min the difference in IWV measured by these two systems is dominated by the volume mismatch (horizontal distance: 680 m). The outcome from this paper is twofold: (1) The IWV soundings by FTIR and DIAL agree very well in spite of the differing wavelength regions with different spectroscopic line parameters and retrieval algorithms used. (2) In order to derive an estimate of the precision of state-of-the-art IWV sounders from intercomparison experiments, it is necessary to use a temporal matching on the shorter 10-min scale and a spatial matching on the smaller 1-km scale.
Multi-objective automatic calibration of hydrodynamic models utilizing inundation maps and gauge data
Authors: Dung N. V. , Merz B. , Bárdossy A. , Thang T. D. , Apel H.
Published: December 2010

Abstract. Calibration of hydrodynamic models is – compared to other disciplines like e.g. hydrology – still underdeveloped. This has mainly two reasons: the lack of appropriate data and the large computational demand in terms of CPU-time. Both aspects are aggravated in large-scale applications. However, there are recent developments that improve the situation on both the data and computing side. Remote sensing, especially radar-based techniques proved to provide highly valuable information on flood extents, and in case high precision DEMs are present, also on spatially distributed inundation depths. On the computing side the use of parallelization techniques brought significant performance gains. In the presented study we build on these developments by calibrating a large-scale 1-D hydrodynamic model of the whole Mekong Delta downstream of Kratie in Cambodia: we combined in-situ data from a network of river gauging stations, i.e. data with high temporal but low spatial resolution, with a series of inundation maps derived from ENVISAT Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) satellite images, i.e. data with low temporal but high spatial resolution, in an multi-objective automatic calibration process. It is shown that an automatic, multi-objective calibration of hydrodynamic models, even of such complexity and on a large scale and complex as a model for the Mekong Delta, is possible. Furthermore, the calibration process revealed model deficiencies in the model structure, i.e. the representation of the dike system in Vietnam, which would have been difficult to detect by a standard manual calibration procedure.
Understanding snow-transport processes shaping the mountain snow-cover
Authors: Mott R. , Schirmer M. , Bavay M. , Grünewald T. , Lehning M.
Published: December 2010

Abstract. Mountain snow-cover is normally heterogeneously distributed due to wind and precipitation interacting with the snow cover on various scales. The aim of this study was to investigate snow deposition and wind-induced snow-transport processes on different scales and to analyze some major drift events caused by north-west storms during two consecutive accumulation periods. In particular, we distinguish between the individual processes that cause specific drifts using a physically based model approach. Very high resolution wind fields (5 m) were computed with the atmospheric model Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) and used as input for a model of snow-surface processes (Alpine3D) to calculate saltation, suspension and preferential deposition of precipitation. Several flow features during north-west storms were identified with input from a high-density network of permanent and mobile weather stations and indirect estimations of wind directions from snow-surface structures, such as snow dunes and sastrugis. We also used Terrestrial and Airborne Laser Scanning measurements to investigate snow-deposition patterns and to validate the model. The model results suggest that the in-slope deposition patterns, particularly two huge cross-slope cornice-like drifts, developed only when the prevailing wind direction was northwesterly and were formed mainly due to snow redistribution processes (saltation-driven). In contrast, more homogeneous deposition patterns on a ridge scale were formed during the same periods mainly due to preferential deposition of precipitation. The numerical analysis showed that snow-transport processes were sensitive to the changing topography due to the smoothing effect of the snow cover.
Presentación
Authors: Castro Gustavo
Published: December 2010

DOI: 10.5377/wani.v58i0.199Wani No.58 2009 pp.1-4
Plan de manejo silvicultural para la recuperación de los bosques tropicales húmedos en la zona afectada por el huracán Félix
Authors: Flores Holmes Antonio Aguilar
Published: December 2010

DOI: 10.5377/wani.v58i0.204Wani No.58 2009 pp.30-32
Manejo empresarial de un bosque post huracán en la RAAN
Authors: López Javier
Published: December 2010

Quiero agradecer al comité organizador por habernos brindado la oportunidad para presentar un poco sobre los avances en cuanto al manejo del bosque que se realiza en la finca Rosita, localizada en la comunidad El Black. DOI: 10.5377/wani.v58i0.208Wani No.58 2009 pp.38-41
Estrategias de adaptación al medio, de dos comunidades indígenas (Butku y Awastingni) después del huracán Félix en el Caribe Nicaragüense
Authors: Ocampo Juan Carlos
Published: December 2010

DOI: 10.5377/wani.v58i0.209Wani No.58 2009 pp.42-46
Análisis multitemporal para la detección de cambios en el uso del suelo en tres municipios afectados por el huracán Juana
Authors: Williamson Marcos
Published: December 2010

DOI: 10.5377/wani.v58i0.211Wani No.58 2009 pp.52-57
Structural Adaptation of Trabecular Bone Revealed by Position Resolved Analysis of Proximal Femora of Different Primates
Authors: Saparin Peter , Scherf Heike , Hublin Jean‐Jacques , Fratzl Peter , Weinkamer Richard
Published: December 2010

The anisotropic arrangement of trabeculae in the proximal femur of humans and primates is seen as striking evidence for the functional adaptation of trabecular bone architecture. Quantitative evidence to demonstrate this adaptation for trabecular bone is still scarce, because experimental design of controlled load change is difficult. In this work, we use the natural variation of loading caused by a different main locomotor behavior of primates. Using high‐resolution computed tomography and advanced image analysis techniques, we analyze the heterogeneity of the architecture in four proximal femora of four primate species. Although the small sample number does not allow an interspecies comparison, the very differently loaded bones are well suited to search for common structural features as a result of adaptation. A cubic volume of interest of size (5 mm)3 was moved through the proximal femur and a morphometric analysis including local anisotropy was performed on 209 positions on average. The correlation of bone volume fraction (BV/TV) with trabecular number (Tb.N) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) leads to the suggestion of two different mechanisms of trabecular bone adaptation. Higher values of BV/TV in highly loaded regions of the proximal femur are due to a thickening of the trabeculae, whereas Tb.N does not change. In less loaded regions, however, lower values of BV/TV are found, caused by a reduction of the number of the trabeculae, whereas Tb.Th remains constant. This reduction in Tb.N goes along with an increase in the degree of anisotropy, indicating an adaptive selection of trabeculae. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphological Changes of the Epididymis and Description of the Excurrent Ducts of Phrynops geoffroanus (Testudines: Chelidae) During the Reproductive Cycle
Authors: Pagliarini Cabral Silvia Rosana , Zieri Rodrigo , Franco‐Belussi Lilian , De Souza Santos Lia Raquel , Saranz Zago Carlos Eduardo , Taboga Sebastião Roberto , Oliveira Classius De
Published: December 2010

The seminal ducts (efferent ductule, epididymis, and deferent duct) in adults of Phrynops geoffroanus were examined using light microscopy. A series of tubules (efferent ductules) connect the testes to the epididymides. The efferent ductules are formed by a rete of small tubules of varying diameters, with simple columnar epithelium formed by the ciliated cells, nonciliated cells, and few basal cells. The epididymis is a simple, long and highly convoluted tubule that receives the efferent ductules throughout its extension. It is covered by a pseudostratified columnar epithelium with three cellular types: the principal cells, which are the most abundant, basal cells, and a small narrow cell. The histological differences in the epididymis region (cranial, medial, and caudal), as well as the differences in the epithelium throughout the reproductive cycle, are discussed. The deferent ducts consist of a low pseudostratified epithelium with two cellular types: the principal and basal cells. During the months analyzed, spermatozoa were stored in the epididymis, and deferent ducts were found. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ovulation, Fertilization, and Early Embryonic Development in the Menstruating Fruit Bat, Carollia perspicillata
Authors: Rasweiler John J. , Badwaik Nilima K. , Mechineni Kiranmayi V.
Published: December 2010

To characterize periovulatory events, reproductive tracts were collected at 12 hr intervals from captive‐bred, short‐tailed fruit bats, Carollia perspicillata, on days 1–3 post coitum and examined histologically. Most bats bred readily. Graafian follicles developed large antra and exhibited preovulatory expansion of the cumulus oophorus. Ovulation had occurred in some on the morning, and in most by the evening, of day 1. The single ovum was released as a secondary oocyte and fertilized in the oviductal ampulla. Ovulated secondary oocytes were loosely associated with their cumulus cells, which were lost around the initiation of fertilization. Supernumerary spermatozoa were occasionally noted attached to the zonae pellucidae of oviductal ova, but never within the perivitelline space. By day 2, most ova had reached the pronuclear stage and by day 3, early cleavage stages. Several lines of evidence indicate that C. perspicillata is a spontaneous ovulator with a functional luteal phase. Most newly mated females had recently formed, but regressing corpora lutea, and thickened (albeit menstrual) uteri despite having been housed with males only for brief periods (<23 days). Menstruation is usually periovulatory in this species. Furthermore, the interval between successive estrus periods in most mated females that failed to establish ongoing pregnancies at the first was 21–27 days. Menstruation involved substantial endometrial desquamation, plus associated bleeding, and generally extended to the evening of day 3, the last time point studied. In nearly all females with a recent corpus luteum (n = 24 of 25; 96%), the preovulatory or newly ruptured follicle was in the opposite ovary. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Abatacept in the treatment of patients with psoriatic arthritis: Results of a six‐month, multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase II trial
Authors: Mease Philip , Genovese Mark C. , Gladstein Geoffrey , Kivitz Alan J. , Ritchlin Christopher , Tak Paul P. , Wollenhaupt Jürgen , Bahary Orna , Becker Jean‐Claude , Kelly Sheila , Sigal Leonard , Teng Julie , Gladman Dafna
Published: December 2010

Objective

To assess the safety and efficacy of abatacept, a selective T cell costimulation modulator, in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Methods

In this 6‐month, multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase II study, 170 PsA patients with a psoriasis target lesion (TL) ≥2 cm who had previously taken disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), including anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) agents, were randomized (1:1:1:1) to receive placebo or abatacept at doses of 3 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, or 30/10 mg/kg (2 initial doses of 30 mg/kg, followed by 10 mg/kg) on days 1, 15, and 29 and then once every 28 days thereafter. The primary end point was the American College of Rheumatology 20% criteria for improvement (ACR20 response) on day 169. Other key end points were magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scores for joint erosion, osteitis, and synovitis, scores on the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and the Short Form‐36 (SF‐36) health survey, the investigator's global assessment of psoriasis, the TL score, and the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score.

Results

Proportions of patients achieving an ACR20 response were 19%, 33%, 48%, and 42% in the placebo, the abatacept 3 mg/kg, the abatacept 10 mg/kg, and the abatacept 30/10 mg/kg groups, respectively. Compared with placebo, improvements were significantly higher for the abatacept 10 mg/kg (P = 0.006) and 30/10 mg/kg (P = 0.022) groups, but not for 3 mg/kg group (P = 0.121). All abatacept regimens resulted in improved MRI, HAQ, and SF‐36 scores, with 10 mg/kg showing the greatest improvements. Improvements in the TL and PASI scores were observed in all abatacept arms; a response according to the investigator's global assessment was seen only with 3 mg/kg of abatacept. The safety profiles were similar among the treatment arms.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that 10 mg/kg of abatacept, the approved dosage for rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis, may be an effective treatment option for PsA.
Development of a computer‐assisted cranial nerve simulation from the visible human dataset
Authors: Yeung Jeffrey C. , Fung Kevin , Wilson Timothy D.
Published: December 2010

Advancements in technology and personal computing have allowed for the development of novel teaching modalities such as online web‐based modules. These modules are currently being incorporated into medical curricula and, in some paradigms, have been shown to be superior to classroom instruction. We believe that these modules have the potential of significantly enriching anatomy education by helping students better appreciate spatial relationships, especially in areas of the body with greater anatomical complexity. Our objective was to develop an online module designed to teach the anatomy and function of the cranial nerves. A three‐dimensional model of the skull, brainstem, and thalamus were reconstructed using data from the Visible Human Project and Amira®. The paths of the cranial nerves were overlaid onto this 3D reconstruction. Videos depicting these paths were then rendered using a “roller coaster‐styled” camera approach. Interactive elements adding textual information and user control were inserted into the video using Adobe Creative Suite® 4, and finally, the module was exported as an Adobe Flash movie to be viewable on Internet browsers. Fourteen Flash‐based modules were created in total. The primary user interface comprises a website encoded in HTML/CSS and contains links to each of the 14 Flash modules as well as a user tutorial. Anat Sci Educ 4: 92–97, 2011. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.
Atypical diffusion tensor hemispheric asymmetry in autism
Authors: Lange Nicholas , DuBray Molly B. , Lee Jee Eun , Froimowitz Michael P. , Froehlich Alyson , Adluru Nagesh , Wright Brad , Ravichandran Caitlin , Fletcher P. Thomas , Bigler Erin D. , Alexander Andrew L. , Lainhart Janet E.
Published: December 2010

Background: Biological measurements that distinguish individuals with autism from typically developing individuals and those with other developmental and neuropsychiatric disorders must demonstrate very high performance to have clinical value as potential imaging biomarkers. We hypothesized that further study of white matter microstructure (WMM) in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and temporal stem (TS), two brain regions in the temporal lobe containing circuitry central to language, emotion, and social cognition, would identify a useful combination of classification features and further understand autism neuropathology.Methods: WMM measurements from the STG and TS were examined from 30 high‐functioning males satisfying full criteria for idiopathic autism aged 7–28 years and 30 matched controls and a replication sample of 12 males with idiopathic autism and 7 matched controls who participated in a previous case–control diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study. Language functioning, adaptive functioning, and psychotropic medication usage were also examined.Results: In the STG, we find reversed hemispheric asymmetry of two separable measures of directional diffusion coherence, tensor skewness, and fractional anisotropy. In autism, tensor skewness is greater on the right and fractional anisotropy is decreased on the left. We also find increased diffusion parallel to white matter fibers bilaterally. In the right not left TS, we find increased omnidirectional, parallel, and perpendicular diffusion. These six multivariate measurements possess very high ability to discriminate individuals with autism from individuals without autism with 94% sensitivity, 90% specificity, and 92% accuracy in our original and replication samples. We also report a near‐significant association between the classifier and a quantitative trait index of autism and significant correlations between two classifier components and measures of language, IQ, and adaptive functioning in autism.
Why Do We Want to Delay Actions on Climate Change? Effects of Probability and Timing of Climate Consequences
Authors: Dutt Varun , Gonzalez Cleotilde
Published: December 2010

This research tests people's support for the “wait‐and‐see” approach in climate change due to the uncertainty in both the timing and probability of future consequences. In a laboratory experiment, carbon‐tax consequences were presented to participants in one of two forms: a written description, where the probability, consequences, and timing were explicitly provided; and experience, where the probability, consequences, and timing were sampled through unlabeled buttons. Four problems were presented in each condition such that the probability of consequences was high or low and the timing was early or late. Results indicated that the proportion of wait‐and‐see choices was greater in experience than description. Furthermore, in both experience and description, the proportion of wait‐and‐see choices was greater when the probability was low rather than high. The difference in the proportion of wait‐and‐see choices between the low and high probability was amplified in experience and attenuated in description. Finally, there was no difference in the proportion of wait‐and‐see choices when the timing of climate consequences was early rather than late in both experience and description. These results are explained by people's risk and time preferences. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Instance‐based Learning: A General Model of Repeated Binary Choice
Authors: Lejarraga Tomás , Dutt Varun , Gonzalez Cleotilde
Published: December 2010

A common practice in cognitive modeling is to develop new models specific to each particular task. We question this approach and draw on an existing theory, instance‐based learning theory (IBLT), to explain learning behavior in three different choice tasks. The same instance‐based learning model generalizes accurately to choices in a repeated binary choice task, in a probability learning task, and in a repeated binary choice task within a changing environment. We assert that, although the three tasks are different, the source of learning is equivalent and therefore, the cognitive process elicited should be captured by one single model. This evidence supports previous findings that instance‐based learning is a robust learning process that is triggered in a wide range of tasks from the simple repeated choice tasks to the most dynamic decision making tasks. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ascorbic acid prevents oxidant‐induced increases in endothelial permeability
Authors: May James M. , Qu Zhi‐Chao
Published: December 2010

Oxidative stress acutely increases the permeability of the vascular endothelium to large molecules that would not otherwise cross the barrier. Ascorbic acid is an antioxidant that tightens the endothelial permeability barrier, so we tested whether it might also prevent the increase in endothelial permeability due to cellular oxidative stress. Treatment of EA.hy926 endothelial cells cultured on filter inserts with H2O2, menadione, and buthionine sulfoximine increased endothelial permeability to radiolabeled inulin. Short‐term ascorbate loading of the cells to what are likely physiologic concentrations of the vitamin by treating them with dehydroascorbate prevented the increase in endothelial permeability due to these agents. The nonphysiologic antioxidants dithiothreitol and tempol also prevented increases in endothelial barrier permeability induced by the agents. These results suggest that oxidative stress induced directly by oxidants or indirectly by glutathione depletion impairs endothelial barrier function and that intracellular ascorbate may serve to prevent this effect.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymorphism of New Rubidium Magnesium Monophosphate.
Authors: Benhamou Rajia Ait , Wallez Gilles , Loiseau Pascal , Viana Bruno , Elaatmani Mohamed , Daoud Mohamed , Zegzouti Abdelwahed
Published: December 2010

RbMgPO4 is synthesized by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of Rb2CO3, 4MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·5H2O, and (NH4)2HPO4 (900 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: New Perovskite‐Based Manganite Pb2Mn2O5.
Authors: Hadermann Joke , Abakumov Artem M. , Perkisas Tyche , D'Hondt Hans , Tan Haiyan , Verbeeck Johan , Filonenko Vladimir P. , Antipov Evgeny V. , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf
Published: December 2010

The new title compound is synthesized from a mixture of PbO and Mn2O3 (7 GPa, 800—1000 °C, 5 min) and characterized by powder XRD and TEM.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Characterization Using Rietveld and Pair Distribution Function Analysis of Layered Mixed Titanium—Zirconium Phosphates.
Authors: Burnell Victoria A. , Readman Jennifer E. , Tang Chiu C. , Parker Julia E. , Thompson Stephen P. , Hriljac Joseph A.
Published: December 2010

The compounds (Ti1‐xZrx) (HPO4)2·H2O (x = 0—1) are synthesized from aqueous solutions of TiCl4, ZrOCl2, and H3PO4 (autoclave, 150 °C, 7 d) and characterized by synchrotron powder XRD and pair distribution function analysis of high energy synchrotron X‐ray total scattering data.
ChemInform Abstract: Multiple Exciton Collection in a Sensitized Photovoltaic System.
Authors: Sambur Justin B. , Novet Thomas , Parkinson B. A.
Published: December 2010

A photoelectrochemical system composed of PbS nanocrystals chemically bound to TiO2 single crystals collects photocurrents with quantum yields greater than one electron per photon.
ChemInform Abstract: Pb2B5O9I: An Iodide Borate with Strong Second Harmonic Generation.
Authors: Huang Yi‐Zhi , Wu Li‐Ming , Wu Xin‐Tao , Li Long‐Hua , Chen Ling , Zhang Yong‐Fan
Published: December 2010

Single crystals of the title compound are obtained besides PbB4O7 from the solid state reaction of PbI2, PbO, and B2O3 (1:5:7 or 1:3:5 molar ratio, evacuated silica tube, 750 °C, 72 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Crystal Structures of RE3MnSn5‐x (RE: Tm, Lu) with 3D Mn—Sn Framework.
Authors: Lei Xiao‐Wu , Hu Chun‐Li , Mao Jiang‐Gao
Published: December 2010

Tm3MnSn4.84, Tm3MnSn4.71, Lu3MnSn4.95, and Lu3MnSn4.79 are prepared from the corresponding elements (Ta tubes, 1050 °C, 7 d followed by annealing at 650 °C for 15 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Ten Layered Hexagonal Perovskite Sr5Ru5‐xO15 (x = 0.90), a Weak Ferromagnet with a Giant Coercive Field Hc ≈ 12 T.
Authors: Yamamoto Ayako , Hashizume Daisuke , Katori Hiroko Aruga , Sasaki Takahiko , Ohmichi Eiji , Nishizaki Terukazu , Kobayashi Norio , Takagi Hidenori
Published: December 2010

Black plate‐like single crystals of the title compound are obtained from an equimolar mixture of Sr(OH)2 and RuO2 using KClO3 as an oxidizer (4 GPa, 950 °C, 0.5—2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Kinetic Asymmetric Transformations of Racemic Allylic Benzoates.
Authors: Stanley Levi M. , Bai Chen , Ueda Mitsuhiro , Hartwig John F.
Published: December 2010

The title reactions occur with a variety of aliphatic, aryl, and heteroaryl allylic benzoates to form the corresponding allylic substitution products in high yields with good to excellent enantioselectivity with a scope that encompasses a range of anionic carbon and heteroatom nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Cationic Polyene Cyclization vs. Enantioselective Intramolecular Carbonyl—Ene Reaction.
Authors: Zhao Yu‐Jun , Li Bin , Tan Li‐Jun Serena , Shen Zhi‐Liang , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: December 2010

Both reactions of 1,5‐keto—olefin substrates are achieved with exclusive diastereoselectivity and high enantioselectivity by tuning the substrates or forcing the reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Diels—Alder Route to Angularly Functionalized Bicyclic Structures.
Authors: Kim Woo Han , Lee Jun Hee , Aussedat Baptiste , Danishefsky Samuel J.
Published: December 2010

Trans‐fused angularly functionalized bicyclic structures such as (VI), (X), (XV), and (XX) are prepared following a Diels—Alder/reduction procedure, featuring the use of tetrasubstituted dienophiles such as (II), (VIII), or (XI) in the cycloaddition step.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Versatile Protocol for the Preparation of 1,3‐Functionalized Heterocycles Utilizing Benzoylpyruvates.
Authors: Nolsoee Jens M. J. , Ertan Anne , Svensson Mats , Weigelt Dirk
Published: December 2010

The acid‐mediated condensation of benzoylpyruvates (I) with aza‐heterocyclic amines (II), N‐amino heterocycles (IV) and (VI), C,N‐dinucleophiles (VIII), and anilines (X) furnishes the corresponding heterocyclic imprints in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal—Organic Frameworks as Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Regioselective Ring Opening of Epoxides.
Authors: Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi , Alvaro Mercedes , Garcia Hermenegildo
Published: December 2010

The iron‐based metal—organic framework IBTC efficiently catalyzes the ring opening of epoxides with alcohols under mild heterogeneous conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Construction of β‐Quaternary Carbons via a Conjugate Addition of Cyanide to β,β‐Disubstituted α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Tanaka Yuta , Kanai Motomu , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: December 2010

A general catalytic enantioselective conjugate addition of cyanide to β,β‐disubstituted α,β‐unsaturated ketones and N‐acylpyrroles is developed using a strontium catalyst derived from Sr(OiPr)2 and a new chiral ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkynes to (E)‐Enolates Using Tandem Catalysis: Stereoselective anti‐Aldol and syn‐[3,3]‐Rearrangement Reactions.
Authors: Grimster Neil P. , Wilton Donna A. A. , Chan Louis K. M. , Godfrey Christopher R. A. , Green Clive , Owen Dafydd R. , Gaunt Matthew J.
Published: December 2010

A new tandem catalysis strategy is developed, that transforms alkyne derivatives into (E)‐enol equivalents.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Deoxygenation of Styrene Oxides under a CO Atmosphere Using Silver Nanoparticle Catalyst.
Authors: Mikami Yusuke , Noujima Akifumi , Mitsudome Takato , Mizugaki Tomoo , Jitsukawa Koichiro , Kaneda Kiyotomi
Published: December 2010

The process is highly selective for various aromatic epoxides and the functional groups in the substrates remain unaffected.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and Catalytic Transesterification Reaction Using K2HPO4 for the Synthesis of Methyl Esters.
Authors: Shinada Tetsuro , Hamada Makoto , Miyoshi Kota , Higashino Masato , Umezawa Taiki , Ohfune Yasufumi
Published: December 2010

The method exhibits good functional group compatibility and provides a convenient approach to methyl esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple RuCl3‐Catalyzed Amide Synthesis from Alcohols and Amines.
Authors: Ghosh Subhash Chandra , Hong Soon Hyeok
Published: December 2010

The optimized catalyst is generated in situ from RuCl3, an N‐heterocyclic carbene, pyridine and NaH.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Arylzincation of Terminal Allenes Providing Allylzinc Reagents and Its Application to Versatile Three‐Component Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Yoshida Yuji , Murakami Kei , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro
Published: December 2010

Rhodium‐catalyzed regioselective arylzincation of terminal allenes affords synthetically useful functionalized allylzinc reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐Containing Heterocycles by Multicomponent Coupling of Silicon‐Tethered Diynes, Nitriles, and Isocyanides Through Intramolecular Cyclization of Iminoacyl—Zr Intermediates.
Authors: Zhang Shaoguang , Zhang Wen‐Xiong , Xi Zhenfeng
Published: December 2010

Zirconocene‐mediated multicomponent coupling of silicon‐tethered diynes, nitriles, and isocyanides results in the formation 5‐azaindoles and dihydropyrrolo[3,2‐c]azepines in dependence of the amount of isocyanides used.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Coupling: Oxidative Oxyarylation of Alkenes.
Authors: Melhado Asa D. , Brenzovich William E. Jr. , Lackner Aaron D. , Toste F. Dean
Published: December 2010

The three‐component gold‐catalyzed coupling of terminal alkenes with arylboronic acids and oxygen nucleophiles is described.