bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A brief clinical report documenting a novel therapeutic technique (MEmory Specificity Training, MEST) for depression: a summary of two pilot randomized controlled trials
Authors: Sadat Zia Mahsa , Afkhami Elham , Taher Neshat-Doost Hamid , Tavakoli Mahgol , Mehrabi Kooshki Hossein Ali , Jobson Laura
Published: July 2020

Background:

Depression has a profound effect on quality of life (QoL) and is associated with rumination, hopelessness and social difficulties. It is important to explore novel intervention techniques that may reduce depression, and also improve rumination, hope and QoL.

Aims:

In this brief clinical report, we report the findings of two pilot randomized controlled trials examining the feasibility of a potentially important novel clinical technique (MEmory Specificity Training, MEST) on depression, social problem-solving (Study 1), rumination, hope and QoL (Study 2).

Method:

In Study 1, Iranian women with depression (n = 24) completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II and Means-Ends Problem-Solving test at baseline, post-training and 2-month follow-up. In Study 2, female students with moderate depression (n = 24) completed the Ruminative Response Scale, Adult Hope Scale and Short-Form Health Survey at baseline and post-training. Assessors were blind to group allocation. In both studies participants were randomly assigned to MEST or a non-active control group.

Results:

In both studies, MEST was found to be feasible and associated with low drop-out rates and high rates of self-reported patient and group facilitator satisfaction. There was preliminary evidence that MEST may bring about clinical benefit in terms of depression, social problem-solving (Study 1), QoL, rumination and hope (Study 2).

Conclusions:

MEST is a promising technique in the treatment of depression.
Food insecurity is associated with compromised dietary intake and quality among Lebanese mothers: findings from a national cross-sectional study
Authors: Jomaa Lamis H , Naja Farah A , Kharroubi Samer A , Diab-El-Harake Marwa H , Hwalla Nahla C
Published: July 2020

Objective:

Examine the associations between household food insecurity (HFI) with sociodemographic, anthropometric and dietary intakes of mothers.

Design:

Cross-sectional survey (2014–2015). In addition to a sociodemographic questionnaire, data collection included the validated Arabic version of the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, which was used to evaluate HFI. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-h dietary recall of a single habitual day, and maternal BMI was calculated based on weight and height measurements. Associations between HFI and maternal dietary intake (food groups, energy and macronutrients’ intake) were examined. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the associations between HFI status with odds of maternal overweight and measures of diet quality and diversity (Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women of Reproductive Age (MDD-W)).

Setting:

Lebanon.

Participants:

Mothers, nationally representative sample of Lebanese households with children (n1204).

Results:

HFI was experienced among almost half of the study sample. Correlates of HFI were low educational attainment, unemployment and crowding. Significant inverse associations were observed between HFI and dietary HEI (OR 0·64, 95 % CI 0·46, 0·90,P= 0·011) and MDD-W (OR 0·6, 95 % CI 0·42, 0·85,P= 0·004), even after adjusting for socioeconomic correlates. No significant association was observed between HFI and odds of maternal overweight status.

Conclusions:

HFI was associated with compromised maternal dietary quality and diversity. Findings highlight the need for social welfare programmes and public health interventions to alleviate HFI and promote overall health and wellbeing of mothers.
‘Big Data’ in animal health research – opportunities and challenges
Authors: MacInnes Janet I.
Published: July 2020

Automated systems for high-input data collection and data storage have led to exponential growth in the availability of information. Such datasets and the tools applied to them have been referred to as ‘big data’. Starting with a systematic review of the terms ‘informatics, bioinformatics and big data’ in animal health this special issue of AHRR illustrates some big-data applications with papers on how the use of various omics methods may be used to facilitate the development of improved diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines for foodborne pathogens in poultry and on how a better understanding of rumen microbiota could lead to improved feed absorption while minimizing methane production. Other papers in this issue cover the use of big data modeling in dairy cattle for more effective disease interventions and machine learning tools for livestock breeding. The final two reviews describe the use of big data in better vector-borne pathogen forecasts with canine seroprevalence maps and modeling approaches to understand the transmission of avian influenza virus. Although a lot of technical and ethical issues remain with the use of big data, these reviews illustrate the tremendous potential that big-data systems have to revolutionize animal health research.
Forcing Dependence of Atmospheric Lapse Rate Changes Dominates Residual Polar Warming in Solar Radiation Management Climate Scenarios
Authors: Henry Matthew , Merlis Timothy M.
Published: July 2020

Simulations of solar radiation management (SRM) geoengineering using comprehensive general circulation models show a residual surface warming at high latitudes. Previous work attributes this to the difference in forcing structure between the increase in greenhouse gases and decrease in insolation, but this neglects the role of the induced reduction in atmospheric energy transport. Here we show that the difference in vertical structure of temperature change between increasing CO2, decreasing insolation, and decreasing atmospheric energy transport is the dominant reason for the residual near‐surface warming at high latitudes. A single‐column model (SCM) is used to decompose the high‐latitude temperature change and shows the importance of the enhanced near‐surface warming from the CO2 increase in explaining the residual polar warming. This suite of models invites caution when attributing high‐latitude surface temperature changes to the lapse rate feedback, as various forcings and nonlocal processes affect the vertical structure of temperature change differently.
Lithospheric Thickening Controls the Ongoing Growth of Northeastern Tibetan Plateau: Evidence From P and S Receiver Functions
Authors: Zhang Chen , Guo Zhen , Chen Yongshun John
Published: July 2020

We determined the lithospheric structure of northeastern Tibet using a receiver function study along a long north‐south profile. Our most important finding is that significant lithospheric thickening is observed beneath the growing northeastern Tibetan plateau, while the lithosphere is relatively thin beneath the well‐developed portions of Tibetan Plateau and Asian continent. These observations also detect a contrasting lithospheric structure across the South Qilian suture. Abrupt steps in the Moho and lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary across this suture indicate that the South Qilian suture is a major tectonic boundary that might cut through the entire lithosphere. This study shows the importance of mantle lithospheric thickening in controlling the growth of Tibetan Plateau.
Ionospheric Plasma Density Oscillation Related to EMIC Pc1 Waves
Authors: Kim Hyangpyo , Shiokawa Kazuo , Park Jaeheung , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Miyashita Yukinaga , Stolle Claudia , Kim Khan‐Hyuk , Matzka Jürgen , Buchert Stephan , Fromm Tanja , Hwang Junga
Published: July 2020

We report the first observation of plasma density oscillations coherent with magnetic Pc1 waves. Swarm satellites observed compressional Pc1 wave activity in the 0.5–3 Hz band, which was coherent with in situ plasma density oscillations. Around the Pc1 event location, the Antarctic Neumayer Station III (L ~ 4.2) recorded similar Pc1 events in the horizontal component while NOAA‐15 observed isolated proton precipitations at energies above 30 keV. All these observations support that the compressional Pc1 waves at Swarm are oscillations converted from electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves coming from the magnetosphere. The magnetic field and plasma density oscillate in‐phase. We compared the amplitudes of density and magnetic field oscillations normalized to background values and found that the density power is much larger than the magnetic field power. This difference cannot be explained by a simple magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model, although steep horizontal/vertical gradients of background ionospheric density can partly reconcile the discrepancy.
High N2 Fixation in and Near the Gulf Stream Consistent with a Circulation Control on Diazotrophy
Authors: Palter Jaime B. , Ames Elana J. , Benavides Mar , Gonçalves Neto Afonso , Granger Julie , Moisander Pia H. , Watkins‐Brandt Katie S. , White Angelicque E.
Published: July 2020

The stoichiometry of physical nutrient supply may provide a constraint on the spatial distribution and rate of marine nitrogen (N2) fixation. Yet agreement between the N2 fixation rates inferred from nutrient supply and those directly measured has been lacking. The relative transport of phosphate and nitrate across the Gulf Stream suggests that 3–6 Tg N year−1 must be fixed to maintain steady nutrient stoichiometry in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. Here we show direct measurements of N2 fixation consistent with these estimates, suggesting elevated N2 fixation in and near the Gulf Stream. At some locations across the Gulf Stream, we measured diazotroph abundances and N2 fixation rates that are 1–3 orders of magnitude greater than previously measured in the central North Atlantic subtropical gyre. In combination, rate measurements and gene abundances suggest that biogeochemical budgets can be a robust predictive tool for N2 fixation hot spots in the global ocean.
Quantifying the Influence of Cloud Radiative Feedbacks on Arctic Surface Warming Using Cloud Locking in an Earth System Model
Authors: Middlemas E. A. , Kay J. E. , Medeiros B. M. , Maroon E. A.
Published: July 2020

Understanding the influence of clouds on amplified Arctic surface warming remains an important unsolved research problem. Here, this cloud influence is directly quantified by disabling cloud radiative feedbacks or “cloud locking” within a state‐of‐the‐art and well‐documented model. Through comparison of idealized greenhouse warming experiments with and without cloud locking, the influence of Arctic and global cloud feedbacks is assessed. Global cloud feedbacks increase both global and Arctic warming by around 25%. In contrast, disabling Arctic cloud feedbacks has a negligible influence on both Arctic and global surface warming. Interestingly, the sum of noncloud radiative feedbacks does not change with either global or Arctic‐only cloud locking. Notably, the influence of Arctic cloud feedbacks is likely underestimated, because, like many models, the model used here underestimates high‐latitude supercooled cloud liquid. More broadly, this work demonstrates the value of regional and global cloud locking in a well‐characterized model.
Are Results in Geomorphology Reproducible?
Authors: Church M. , Dudill A. , Venditti J. G. , Frey P.
Published: July 2020

There recently has arisen substantial concern for the reproducibility of scientific findings, but the discussion has not significantly impacted Earth science. We consider repetition, replication, and reproducibility in Earth science, using an example from geomorphology. Repetition repeats the program of observations in the same exercise to establish precision of results. Replication is duplication of observations using similar resources but in an independent program. Reproduction is confirmation of scientific principles using different resources in an independent program. We conclude that results will mainly be limited to reproduction—confirmation of principles—and that this is the essential goal for advancing the science. We illustrate these concepts by review of our experiments on the infiltration of fine grains in flowing water into a bed of coarser grains, conducted using glass beads in a laboratory flume.
Temporal Networks‐Based Approach for Nonstationary Hydroclimatic Modeling and its Demonstration With Streamflow Prediction
Authors: Dutta Riya , Maity Rajib
Published: July 2020

Lack of stationarity in most of the hydroclimatic variables is no longer a topic of debate rather a reality. It may be hypothesized that alternative methodologies are needed to deal with such nonstationarity and to improve the skill of hydroclimatic modeling/prediction. We propose the concept oftemporal networksin hydroclimatic modeling as a potential solution to this problem. As a typical case, complex association among different hydroclimatic variables and streamflow is considered as an illustrative problem. Evolution of temporal networks over time, obtained through Graphical Modeling (GM), depicts the changes in the model inputs as well as model parameters over time. The proposed concept indicates that the time interval after which the model needs to be updated/recalibrated, referred to as Optimum Recurrence Interval (ORI), is problem specific and is optimized to achieve the best model performance. The proposed concept not only depicts a notable change in the potential predictors for the high and low flow months, but also establishes the different extent of temporal variability for different months, and hence the ORI of model recalibration. As compared to its time‐invariant counterpart, the temporal networks‐based approach shows higher efficacy in capturing the extreme flow events due to its inherent time‐varying characteristics. We recommend the concept of temporal networks to be promising in the context of climate change to capture the time‐varying association. In general, the concept can be applied to other hydroclimatic variables where a time‐varying association is expected due to various reasons including the impacts of climate change.
Enhancing the graphene photocurrent using surface plasmons and a p-n junction
Authors: Wang Di , Allcca Andres E. Llacsahuanga , Chung Ting-Fung , Kildishev Alexander V. , Chen Yong P. , Boltasseva Alexandra , Shalaev Vladimir M.
Published: July 2020

The recently proposed concept of graphene photodetectors offers remarkable properties such as unprecedented compactness, ultrabroadband detection, and an ultrafast response speed. However, owing to the low optical absorption of pristine monolayer graphene, the intrinsically low responsivity of graphene photodetectors significantly hinders the development of practical devices. To address this issue, numerous efforts have thus far been made to enhance the light–graphene interaction using plasmonic structures. These approaches, however, can be significantly advanced by leveraging the other critical aspect of graphene photoresponsivity enhancement—electrical junction control. It has been reported that the dominant photocarrier generation mechanism in graphene is the photothermoelectric (PTE) effect. Thus, the two energy conversion mechanisms involved in the graphene photodetection process are light-to-heat and heat-to-electricity conversions. In this work, we propose a meticulously designed device architecture to simultaneously enhance the two conversion efficiencies. Specifically, a gap plasmon structure is used to absorb a major portion of the incident light to induce localized heating, and a pair of split gates is used to produce a p-n junction in graphene to augment the PTE current generation. The gap plasmon structure and the split gates are designed to share common key components so that the proposed device architecture concurrently realizes both optical and electrical enhancements. We experimentally demonstrate the dominance of the PTE effect in graphene photocurrent generation and observe a 25-fold increase in the generated photocurrent compared to the un-enhanced cases. While further photocurrent enhancement can be achieved by applying a DC bias, the proposed device concept shows vast potential for practical applications.
Ultrathin monolithic 3D printed optical coherence tomography endoscopy for preclinical and clinical use
Authors: Li Jiawen , Thiele Simon , Quirk Bryden C. , Kirk Rodney W. , Verjans Johan W. , Akers Emma , Bursill Christina A. , Nicholls Stephen J. , Herkommer Alois M. , Giessen Harald , McLaughlin Robert A.
Published: July 2020

Preclinical and clinical diagnostics increasingly rely on techniques to visualize internal organs at high resolution via endoscopes. Miniaturized endoscopic probes are necessary for imaging small luminal or delicate organs without causing trauma to tissue. However, current fabrication methods limit the imaging performance of highly miniaturized probes, restricting their widespread application. To overcome this limitation, we developed a novel ultrathin probe fabrication technique that utilizes 3D microprinting to reliably create side-facing freeform micro-optics (<130 µm diameter) on single-mode fibers. Using this technique, we built a fully functional ultrathin aberration-corrected optical coherence tomography probe. This is the smallest freeform 3D imaging probe yet reported, with a diameter of 0.457 mm, including the catheter sheath. We demonstrated image quality and mechanical flexibility by imaging atherosclerotic human and mouse arteries. The ability to provide microstructural information with the smallest optical coherence tomography catheter opens a gateway for novel minimally invasive applications in disease.
Cultural variation impacts paternal and maternal genetic lineages of the Hmong-Mien and Sino-Tibetan groups from Thailand
Authors: Kutanan Wibhu , Shoocongdej Rasmi , Srikummool Metawee , Hübner Alexander , Suttipai Thanatip , Srithawong Suparat , Kampuansai Jatupol , Stoneking Mark
Published: July 2020

The Hmong-Mien (HM) and Sino-Tibetan (ST) speaking groups are known as hill tribes in Thailand; they were the subject of the first studies to show an impact of patrilocality vs. matrilocality on patterns of mitochondrial (mt) DNA vs. male-specific portion of the Y chromosome (MSY) variation. However, HM and ST groups have not been studied in as much detail as other Thai groups; here we report and analyze 234 partial MSY sequences (∼2.3 mB) and 416 complete mtDNA sequences from 14 populations that, when combined with our previous published data, provides the largest dataset yet for the hill tribes. We find a striking difference between Hmong and IuMien (Mien-speaking) groups: the Hmong are genetically different from both the IuMien and all other Thai groups, whereas the IuMien are genetically more similar to other linguistic groups than to the Hmong. In general, we find less of an impact of patrilocality vs. matrilocality on patterns of mtDNA vs. MSY variation than previous studies. However, there is a dramatic difference in the frequency of MSY and mtDNA lineages of Northeast Asian (NEA) origin vs. Southeast Asian (SEA) origin in HM vs. ST groups: HM groups have high frequencies of NEA MSY lineages but lower frequencies of NEA mtDNA lineages, while ST groups show the opposite. A potential explanation is that the ancestors of Thai HM groups were patrilocal, while the ancestors of Thai ST groups were matrilocal. Overall, these results attest to the impact of cultural practices on patterns of mtDNA vs. MSY variation.
Major 5′terminally deleted enterovirus populations modulate type I IFN response in acute myocarditis patients and in human cultured cardiomyocytes
Authors: Glenet M. , N’Guyen Y. , Mirand A. , Henquell C. , Lebreil A.-L. , Berri F. , Bani-Sadr F. , Lina B. , Schuffenecker I. , Andreoletti L. ,   The French Enterovirus Myocarditis Study Group (FEMSG), Mirand A. , Henquell C. , Mathieu Marie-Laure , Mezgueldi Ellia , Verdan Matthieu , Motreff Pascal , Lina B. , Schuffenecker I. , Fafi-Kremer Samira , Lepiller Quentin , Bruneval Patrick
Published: July 2020

Major 5′terminally deleted (5′TD) group-B enterovirus (EV-B) populations were identified in heart biopsies of patients with fulminant myocarditis or dilated cardiomyopathy suggesting that these 5′TD forms are key drivers of host-cell interaction in EV cardiac infections. To date, early emergence of EV-B 5′TD forms and its impact on type 1 IFN response during acute myocarditis remains unknown. Using quantitative RACE-PCR assay, we identified major EV-B 5′TD RNA populations in plasma or heart samples of acute myocarditis cases. Deletions identified within the 5′ non-coding region of EV-B populations only affected secondary-structural elements of genomic RNA domain I and were distinguished in two major groups based on the extent of RNA structural deletions. Proportions of these two respective EV-B 5′TD population groups were positively or negatively correlated with IFN-β levels in plasma samples of myocarditis patients. Transfection of synthetic CVB3/28 RNAs harboring various 5′terminal full-length or deleted sequences into human cultured cardiomyocytes demonstrated that viral genomic RNA domain I possessed essential immunomodulatory secondary-structural elements responsible for IFN-β pathway induction. Overall, our results highlight the early emergence of major EVB-TD populations which deletions affecting secondary–structures of RNA domain I can modulate innate immune sensing mechanisms in cardiomyocytes of patients with acute myocarditis.
Good neighbors, bad neighbors: the frequent network neighborhood mapping of the hippocampus enlightens several structural factors of the human intelligence on a 414-subject cohort
Authors: Fellner Máté , Varga Bálint , Grolmusz Vince
Published: July 2020

The human connectome has become the very frequent subject of study of brain-scientists, psychologists and imaging experts in the last decade. With diffusion magnetic resonance imaging techniques, united with advanced data processing algorithms, today we are able to compute braingraphs with several hundred, anatomically identified nodes and thousands of edges, corresponding to the anatomical connections of the brain. The analysis of these graphs without refined mathematical tools is hopeless. These tools need to address the high error rate of the MRI processing workflow, and need to find structural causes or at least correlations of psychological properties and cerebral connections. Until now, structural connectomics was only rarely able of identifying such causes or correlations. In the present work we study the frequent neighbor sets of the most deeply investigated brain area, the hippocampus. By applying the Frequent Network Neighborhood mapping method, we identified frequent neighbor-sets of the hippocampus, which may influence numerous psychological parameters, including intelligence-related ones. We have found “Good Neighbor” sets, which correlate with better test results and also “Bad Neighbor” sets, which correlate with worse test results. Our study utilizes the braingraphs, computed from the imaging data of the Human Connectome Project’s 414 subjects, each with 463 anatomically identified nodes.
Selective solvent filters for non-aqueous phase liquid separation from water
Authors: Marshall Tatianna , Estepa Klaudine M. , Corradini Maria , Marangoni Alejandro G. , Sleep Brent , Pensini Erica
Published: July 2020

Injectable filters permeable to water but impermeable to non-polar solvents were developed to contain non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPL) in contaminated aquifers, hence protecting downstream receptors during NAPL remediation. Filters were produced by injecting aqueous solutions of 0.01% chitosan, hydroxyethylcellulose and quaternized hydroxyethylcellulose into sand columns, followed by rinsing with water. Polymer sorption onto silica was verified using a quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. Fluorescence and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy showed low ppm range concentrations of non-polar solvents (e.g., hexane and toluene) in water eluted from the filters (in the absence of emulsifiers). The contact angles between polymer-coated surfaces and hexane or toluene were > 90°, indicating surface oleophobicity. Organic, polar solvents (e.g. tetrahydrofuran and tetrachloroethylene, TCE) were not separated from water. The contact angles between polymer-coated surfaces and TCE was also > 90°. However, the contact area with polymer coated surfaces was greater for TCE than non-polar solvents, suggesting higher affinity between TCE and the surfaces. Emulsifiers can be used to facilitate NAPL extraction from aquifers. Emulsion separation efficiency depended on the emulsifier used. Emulsions were not separated with classical surfactants (e.g. Tween 20 and oleic acid) or alkaline zein solutions. Partial emulsion separation was achieved with humic acids and zein particles.
Fas mutation reduces obesity by increasing IL-4 and IL-10 expression and promoting white adipose tissue browning
Authors: Choi Eun Wha , Lee Minjae , Song Ji Woo , Kim Kyeongdae , Lee Jungmin , Yang Jehoon , Lee Seo Hyun , Kim Il Yong , Choi Jae-Hoon , Seong Je Kyung
Published: July 2020

Brown adipose tissue generates heat via the mitochondrial uncoupling protein UCP1 to protect against obesity and hypothermia. Fas mutant MRL/lpr mice exhibit a significantly leaner phenotype compared to wild type MRL/MpJ mice. In this study, we evaluated the inflammatory cell population in the adipose tissue of MRL/lpr mice, which could potentially influence their lean phenotype. Furthermore, we compared beige fat activity between the MRL/MpJ and MRL/lpr mice. Fas mutation resulted in high body temperature, improved glucose tolerance, and decreased fat mass and adipocyte size. Fas mutation prevented high-fat diet-induced obesity and decreased the white adipose tissue M1:M2 ratio. When mice were fed a high-fat diet, UCP1, IL-4, IL-10, and tyrosine hydroxylase genes had significantly higher expression in Fas-mutant mice than in wild type mice. After a cold challenge, UCP1 expression and browning were also significantly higher in the Fas-mutant mice. In summary, Fas-mutant mice are resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity due to increased IL-4 and IL-10 levels and the promotion of thermogenic protein activity and browning in their adipose tissues. STAT6 activation might contribute to M2 polarisation by increasing IL-4 and IL-10 levels while increases in M2 and tyrosine hydroxylase levels promote browning in response to Fas mutation.
Polyoxometalate-functionalized macroporous microspheres for selective separation/enrichment of glycoproteins
Authors: Wang Meng-Meng , Chen Shuai , Yu Yong-Liang , Wang Jian-Hua
Published: July 2020

Polyoxometalate-functionalized macroporous polymer microspheres were synthesized and applied for highly selective separation/enrichment of glycoproteins from a complex matrix.
Decoupling between the translation and rotation of water in the proximity of a protein molecule
Authors: Tan Pan , Huang Juan , Mamontov Eugene , García Sakai Victoria , Merzel Franci , Liu Zhuo , Ye Yiyang , Hong Liang
Published: July 2020

The interaction between water and biomacromolecules is of fundamental interest in biophysics, biochemistry and physical chemistry.
Strain-driven half-metallicity in a ferri-magnetic Mott-insulator Lu2NiIrO6: a first-principles perspective
Authors: Nazir Safdar
Published: July 2020

Schematic representation of Ni2+ 3d, O2− 2p, and Ir4+ 5d orbitals along with the strain transformed TDOS.
N-Heterocyclic carbene and cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene adducts of gallium hydrides, gallium chlorides and gallium hydrochlorides
Authors: Hock Andreas , Werner Luis , Luz Christian , Radius Udo
Published: July 2020

A detailed study on the synthesis and characterization of NHC gallane adducts (NHC)·GaH3, (NHC)·GaH2Cl, and (NHC)·GaHCl2 and the reactivity of these adducts with the cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene cAACMe is presented.
CO2 adsorption of lignite chars after one-step KOH activation
Authors: Wang Xia , Zeng Wulan , Liu Wenjing , Cao Xiaoyu , Hou Chunhui , Ding Qi , Lü Yaxuan
Published: July 2020

The design and development of low-cost sorbents is vital for CO2 capture from flue gases.
Mesoporous MnO2/SBA-15 as a synergetic adsorbent for enhanced uranium adsorption
Authors: Ding Yi , Xian Qiang , Wang Enchao , He Xinmiao , Jiang Zhengdi , Dan Hui , Zhu Wenkun
Published: July 2020

Mesoporous MnO2/SBA-15 composites were preparedviaa simple route and were explored as a synergetic adsorbent for adsorption of U(vi).
Quinolone-based fluorescent probes for distinguished detection of Cys and GSH through different fluorescence channels
Authors: Fu Ying-Long , Chen Xiang-Gen , Li Hao , Feng Wei , Song Qin-Hua
Published: July 2020

Dual-channel discrimination of Cys and GSH using a red fluorescent probe.
Correlative dual-alternating-color photoswitching fluorescence imaging and AFM enable ultrastructural analyses of complex structures with nanoscale resolution
Authors: Wang Jie , Wang Zicheng , Xu Yangyue , Wang Xuefei , Yang Zhiyong , Wang Hongda , Tian Zhiyuan
Published: July 2020

Correlative dual-alternating-color photoswitching fluorescence imaging and atomic force microscopy imaging enable ultrastructural analyses of complex structures with nanoscale resolution.
Smooth gap tuning strategy for cove-type graphene nanoribbons
Authors: de Sousa Araújo Cassiano Tiago , Monteiro Fábio Ferreira , Evaristo de Sousa Leonardo , Magela e Silva Geraldo , de Oliveira Neto Pedro Henrique
Published: July 2020

We investigated an edge transformation in cove-type graphene nanoribbons based on changing the balance of zig-zag and armchair chains.
Highly active electrocatalysts of iron phthalocyanine by MOFs for oxygen reduction reaction under alkaline solution
Authors: Wang Chengcheng , Hou Bingxue , Yuan Shuxian , Zhang Qi , Cui Xumei , Wang Xintao
Published: July 2020

Rational design of FePc and MOFs can result in good nanoarchitecture Fe–N/C catalysts with improved ORR activity and stability.
Enhanced permittivity of negative permittivity middle-layer sandwich polymer matrix composites through conductive filling with flake MAX phase ceramics
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Fan Jiahao , Guo Xu , Ji Jiamin , Sun Zixiong
Published: July 2020

In this study, a laminated composite with a middle-layer possessing negative permittivity effects was prepared by hot pressing sintering using MAX phase ceramics as a conductive filler.
A ratiometric fluorescence sensor based on enzymatically activatable micellization of TPE derivatives for quantitative detection of alkaline phosphatase activity in serum
Authors: Lee Jeongmoo , Kim Seoyun , Kim Tae Hoon , Lee Seoung Ho
Published: July 2020

A novel ratiometric fluorescence assay via enzymatically activatable micellization in aqueous solution was devised for quantitative detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity.
Nanostructured N doped TiO2efficient stable catalyst for Kabachnik–Fields reaction under microwave irradiation
Authors: Kunde Sachin P. , Kanade Kaluram G. , Karale Bhausaheb K. , Akolkar Hemant N. , Arbuj Sudhir S. , Randhavane Pratibha V. , Shinde Santosh T. , Shaikh Mubarak H. , Kulkarni Aniruddha K.
Published: July 2020

Herein, we report nitrogen-doped TiO2(N-TiO2) solid-acid nanocatalysts with heterogeneous structure employed for the solvent-free synthesis of α-aminophosphonates through Kabachnik–Fields reaction.
A study of the microwave actuation of a liquid crystalline elastomer
Authors: Wang Xiuxiu , Wang Yuchang , Wang Xixi , Niu Hongyan , Ridi Buyinga , Shu Jincheng , Fang Xiaoyong , Li Chensha , Wang Binsong , Gao Yachen , Sun Liguo , Cao Maosheng
Published: July 2020

We developed microwave actuation of LCEs. The microwave can penetrate opaque barriers and multiple samples to effectively actuate the LCEs. A LCE-based microwave detector was fabricated and monitored the microwave irradiation with well sensitivity.
A novel design of an electrolyser using a trifunctional (HER/OER/ORR) electrocatalyst for decoupled H2/O2 generation and solar to hydrogen conversion
Authors: Guo Mingrui , Wang Ling , Zhan Jing , Jiao Xiuling , Chen Dairong , Wang Ting
Published: July 2020

A general, simple, two-component design of the electrolyser is proposed to replace the traditional three-component design for decoupled water splitting.
Advancing layered cathode material's cycling stability from uniform doping to non-uniform doping
Authors: Wang Kuan , Yan Pengfei , Wang Zelin , Fu Junjie , Zhang Zhenlu , Ke Xiaoxing , Sui Manling
Published: July 2020

Dopant segregation induced precipitates can further improve the cycling stability of a P2-layered cathode due to the precipitation strengthening effect, which conceptually validates that non-uniform doping has big advantage over uniform doping.
Measuring effective stiffness of Li-ion batteries via acoustic signal processing
Authors: Chang Wesley , Mohr Robert , Kim Andrew , Raj Abhi , Davies Greg , Denner Kate , Park Jeung Hun , Steingart Daniel
Published: July 2020

Accurate signal processing of acoustic waves is utilized to measure the intrinsic material stiffness of a layered cell stack and explore relationships between battery displacement, sound speed and stiffness during high rate cycling.
Nanocomposites of ionic copolymer integrating Gd-containing polyoxometalate as a multiple platform for enhanced MRI and pH-response chemotherapy
Authors: Zhou Tingting , Wan Guofeng , Li Bao , Wu Lixin
Published: July 2020

Nanocomposites from the co-assemblies of block copolymers and a gadolinium-grafting inorganic cluster were constructed as a multifunctional platform for MRI enhancement, drug loading, and environment-response release at local positions.
Self-assembly of trigonal building blocks into nanostructures: molecular design and biomedical applications
Authors: Long Kaiqi , Liu Yuwei , Li Yafei , Wang Weiping
Published: July 2020

This review introduces trigonal building blocks and summarizes their structural characteristics, self-assembly ability and biomedical applications.
Fabrication of noble metal nanoparticles decorated on one dimensional hierarchical polypyrrole@MoS2 microtubes
Authors: Ling Yang , Cao Tiantian , Liu Libin , Xu Jingli , Zheng Jing , Li Jiaxing , Zhang Min
Published: July 2020

Herein, we present a facile strategy to fabricate noble metal (Ag, Au, Pd) decorated on PPy@MoS2 microtubes. As a proof of application, the ternary PPy@MoS2@Au hybrids reveal excellent enzyme-like catalytic performance.
Deep learning for a space-variant deconvolution in galaxy surveys
Authors: Sureau F. , Lechat A. , Starck J.-L.
Published: July 2020

The deconvolution of large survey images with millions of galaxies requires developing a new generation of methods that can take a space-variant point spread function into account. These methods have also to be accurate and fast. We investigate how deep learning might be used to perform this task. We employed a U-net deep neural network architecture to learn parameters that were adapted for galaxy image processing in a supervised setting and studied two deconvolution strategies. The first approach is a post-processing of a mere Tikhonov deconvolution with closed-form solution, and the second approach is an iterative deconvolution framework based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Our numerical results based on GREAT3 simulations with realistic galaxy images and point spread functions show that our two approaches outperform standard techniques that are based on convex optimization, whether assessed in galaxy image reconstruction or shape recovery. The approach based on a Tikhonov deconvolution leads to the most accurate results, except for ellipticity errors at high signal-to-noise ratio. The ADMM approach performs slightly better in this case. Considering that the Tikhonov approach is also more computation-time efficient in processing a large number of galaxies, we recommend this approach in this scenario.
Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium transmission spectrum modelling of HD 209458b
Authors: Young M. E. , Fossati L. , Koskinen T. T. , Salz M. , Cubillos P. E. , France K.
Published: July 2020

Context. Exoplanetary upper atmospheres are low density environments where radiative processes can compete with collisional ones and introduce non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) effects into transmission spectra.

Aims. We develop a NLTE radiative transfer framework capable of modelling exoplanetary transmission spectra over a wide range of planetary properties.

Methods. We adapted the NLTE spectral synthesis code Cloudy to produce an atmospheric structure and atomic transmission spectrum in both NLTE and local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) for the hot Jupiter HD 209458b, given a published T–P profile and assuming solar metallicity. Selected spectral features, including Hα, NaI D, HeI λ10 830, FeI and II ultra-violet (UV) bands, and C, O, and Si UV lines, are compared with literature observations and models where available. The strength of NLTE effects are measured for individual spectral lines to identify which features are most strongly affected.

Results. The developed modelling framework that computes NLTE synthetic spectra reproduces literature results for the HeI λ10 830 triplet, the NaI D lines, and the forest of FeI lines in the optical. Individual spectral lines in the NLTE spectrum exhibit up to 40% stronger absorption relative to the LTE spectrum.
Populations of filaments from the distribution of galaxies in numerical simulations
Authors: Galárraga-Espinosa Daniela , Aghanim Nabila , Langer Mathieu , Gouin Céline , Malavasi Nicola
Published: July 2020

We present a statistical study of the filamentary structures of the cosmic web in the large hydro-dynamical simulations Illustris-TNG, Illustris, and Magneticum at redshiftz = 0. We focus on the radial distribution of the galaxy density around filaments detected using the Discrete Persistent Structure Extractor (DisPerSE). We show that the average profile of filaments presents an excess of galaxy density (> 5σ) up to radial distances of 27 Mpc from the core. The relation between galaxy density and the length of filaments is further investigated showing that short (Lf <  9 Mpc) and long (Lf ≥ 20 Mpc) filaments are two statistically different populations. Short filaments are puffier, denser, and more connected to massive objects, whereas long filaments are thinner, less dense, and more connected to less massive structures. These two populations trace different environments and may correspond to bridges of matter between over-dense structures (short filaments), and to cosmic filaments shaping the skeleton of the cosmic web (long filaments). Through Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) explorations, we find that the density profiles of both short and long filaments can be described by the same empirical models (generalised Navarro, Frenk and White,β-model, a single and a double power law) with different and distinct sets of parameters.
Searching for debris discs in the 30 Myr open cluster IC 4665
Authors: Miret-Roig N. , Huélamo N. , Bouy H.
Published: July 2020

Context. Debris discs orbiting young stars are key to understanding dust evolution and the planetary formation process. We take advantage of a recent membership analysis of the 30 Myr nearby open cluster IC 4665 based on the Gaia and DANCe surveys to revisit the disc population of this cluster.

Aims. We aim to study the disc population of IC 4665 using Spitzer (MIPS and IRAC) and WISE photometry.

Methods. We use several colour–colour diagrams with empirical photospheric sequences to detect the sources with an infrared excess. Independently, we also fit the spectral energy distribution (SED) of our debris-disc candidates with the Virtual Observatory SED analyser (VOSA) which is capable of automatically detecting infrared excesses and provides effective temperature estimates.

Results. We find six candidate debris-disc host stars (five with MIPS and one with WISE), two of which are new candidates. We estimate a disc fraction of 24 ± 10% for the B–A stars, where our sample is expected to be complete. This is similar to what has been reported in other clusters of similar ages (Upper Centaurus Lupus, Lower Centaurus Crux, the β Pictoris moving group, and the Pleiades). For solar-type stars we find a disc fraction of 9 ± 9%, which is lower than that observed in regions with comparable ages.

Conclusions. Our candidate debris-disc host stars are excellent targets to be studied with ALMA or the future James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).
A new species ofAmpulicomorphaAshmead from Eocene French amber, with a list of fossil and extant Embolemidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of the world
Authors: Chény Cédric , Guillam Elvis , Nel André , Perrichot Vincent
Published: July 2020

Embolemidae is a cosmopolitan but species-poor group of chrysidoid wasps with a scarce fossil record, despite a long evolutionary history since at least the Early Cretaceous. Here, the new species,Ampulicomorpha quesnoyensissp. nov., is illustrated and described based on a single female found in Early Eocene amber of Oise (France). The new species is compared with the three other known fossil species of the genus, and a key to all fossil species ofAmpulicomorphais provided. This is the third European fossil species ofAmpulicomorpha, which suggests that the genus was once well established in Western Europe while it is more widely distributed in the Eastern Palaearctic region today. A list of all fossil and extant Embolemidae of the world, as well as a map of their geographical distribution map, are provided.
Attainable profiles for conservation laws with flux function spatially discontinuous at a single point
Authors: Ancona Fabio , Chiri Maria Teresa
Published: July 2020

Consider a scalar conservation law with discontinuous flux (1):

\begin{equation*}
\quad u_{t}+f(x,u)_{x}=0,
\qquad f(x,u)= \begin{cases}
f_l(u)\ &\text{if}\ x<0,\\
f_r(u)\ & \text{if} \ x>0,
\end{cases}
\quad \quad \quad(1)
\end{equation*}

where u = u(x, t) is the state variable and fl, fr are strictly convex maps. We study the Cauchy problem for (1) from the point of view of control theory regarding the initial datum as a control. Letting
u(x,t)≐StABu-(x) denote the solution of the Cauchy problem for (1), with initial datum u(⋅,0)=u-, that satisfy at x = 0 the interface entropy condition associated to a connection (A, B) (see Adimurthi, S. Mishra and G.D. Veerappa Gowda, J. Hyperbolic Differ. Equ. 2 (2005) 783–837), we analyze the family of profiles that can be attained by (1) at a given time T > 0:

\mathcal{A}^{AB}(T)=\left\{\mathcal{S}_T^{AB} \,\overline u : \ \overline u\in{\bf L}^\infty(\mathbb{R})\right\}.\

We provide a full characterization of AAB(T) as a class of functions in BVloc(ℝ\{0}) that satisfy suitable Oleǐnik-type inequalities, and that admit one-sided limits at x = 0 which satisfy specific conditions related to the interface entropy criterion. Relying on this characterisation, we establish the Lloc1-compactness of the set of attainable profiles when the initial data u- vary in a given class of uniformly bounded functions, taking values in closed convex sets. We also discuss some applicationsof these results to optimization problems arising in traffic flow.
Therapieverfahren bei Verbrennungen der Hand
Authors: Daniels Marc
Published: July 2020

Einer adäquaten Versorgung von Brandverletzungen geht die Ein
schätzung der Verbrennungsfläche und -tiefe voraus. Chirurgischen Verfahren wie Débridement
und Hauttransplantationen folgen therapeutische Interventionen wie Narbenbehandlung durch den Einsatz von Silikon und Kompression. Alle Maßnahmen zielen auf die bestmögliche Wiedergewinnung der Handfunktion und die Vermeidung von Komplikationen im Heilungsverlauf ab.
Wirksamkeit von Interventionen für Hinterbliebene nach einem Suizid: ein Systematischer Review
Authors: Wagner Birgit , Hofmann Laura , Grafiadeli Raphaela
Published: July 2020

Hintergrund Suizidhinterbliebene weisen ein erhöhtes Risiko für psychische und somatische Folgeerkrankungen auf. Dennoch gibt es nur eine geringe Anzahl an Interventionen, welche sich spezifisch an diese Betroffenengruppe richten. Der systematische Review bewertet die Wirksamkeit von Interventionen, die speziell für jugendliche und erwachsene Suizidhinterbliebene entwickelt wurden.

Methodik Es wurden ausschließlich randomisierte kontrollierte Studien (k = 6) mit insgesamt N = 473 Teilnehmenden eingeschlossen.

Ergebnisse Für die Interventionsgruppen ließen sich bei den gruppeninternen Unterschieden kleine bis mittlere Effektstärken feststellen, es wurden jedoch keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den Vergleichsgruppen gefunden.

Schlussfolgerungen Interventionen für Suizidhinterbliebene zeigten eine Reduzierung des psychischen Belastungserlebens auf, dennoch konnte dieser Effekt nicht in einem kontrollierten Design bestätigt werden. Das heißt, es liegt derzeit keine Evidenz dafür vor, dass eine Intervention nach dem Suizid einer nahestehenden Person wirksamer ist als keine oder eine unspezifische Intervention. Insgesamt gibt es bisher nur wenige qualitativ hochwertige Studien und dieser Umstand weist auf einen hohen Forschungsbedarf hin.
Bewusster Verzicht auf Zwangsmaßnahmen bei anhaltendem selbstdestruktivem Verhalten
Authors: Tschöke Stefan , Hund Susanne , Bichescu-Burian Dana , Truöl Steve , Steinert Tilman
Published: July 2020

Der klinische Verlauf bei Patienten mit einer Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung, anhaltender suizidaler Kommunikation und Selbstschädigung ist häufig durch freiheitseinschränkende Maßnahmen, lange Hospitalisierung und fehlende Behandlungsbereitschaft für eine störungsorientierte Behandlung gekennzeichnet. Wir stellen den Verlauf eines 31-jährigen Mannes vor, der nach Aufklärung vor die freie Wahl zwischen einer störungsorientierten Behandlung oder einer Beendigung des stationären Aufenthalts gestellt wurde. Der Entschluss für dieses Vorgehen basierte auf der grundsätzlich erhaltenen Selbstbestimmungsfähigkeit außerhalb kurzdauernder akuter Einengungen in Krisen. Der bewusste Verzicht auf freiheitseinschränkende Maßnahmen und die Einforderung von Verantwortung für eine Veränderung ebnete die Basis für eine psychotherapeutische Behandlung und Reaktivierung eigener Handlungskompetenzen.
Abschied und Willkommen – Noch einmal
Authors: Strauß Bernhard
Published: July 2020

Nachdem wir bereits zu Beginn des Jahres einen Wechsel im Herausgebergremium der PPmP
vermeldeten (Beate Ditzen aus Heidelberg begann ihre Tätigkeit, Elmar
Brähler und Fritz Hohagen schieden nach langen Jahren aus dem Gremium aus),
gilt es heute erneut einen Abschied zu verkünden und ein neues Mitglied im
Herausgebergremium willkommen zu heißen.
Reversal Agents for the Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors: Biochemical Mechanisms of Current and Newly Emerging Therapies
Authors: Schreuder Mark , Reitsma Pieter H. , Bos Mettine H. A.
Published: July 2020

The direct oral anticoagulants targeting coagulation factor Xa or thrombin are widely used as alternatives to vitamin K antagonists in the management of venous thromboembolism and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. In case of bleeding or emergency surgery, reversal agents are helpful to counteract the anticoagulant therapy and restore hemostasis. While idarucizumab has been established as an antidote for the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran, reversal strategies for the direct factor Xa inhibitors have been a focal point in clinical care over the past years. In the absence of specific reversal agents, the off-label use of (activated) prothrombin complex concentrate and recombinant factor VIIa have been suggested as effective treatment options during inhibitor-induced bleeding complications. Meanwhile, several specific reversal agents have been developed. In this review, an overview of the current state of nonspecific and specific reversal agents for the direct factor Xa inhibitors is provided, focusing on the biochemistry and mechanism of action and the preclinical assessment of newly emerging therapies.