bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2027: Validation of a Bleeding Risk Score for Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Correia Luis C , Rocha Mário S , Teixeira Marcelo , Cerqueira Thais , Vasconcelos Ana , Merelles Saulo , Reis Tiago , Esteves J. Péricles
Published: August 2024

Background: a number of prospective registries have identified independent predictors of bleeding during hospitalization for acute coronary syndromes (ACS). However, no score is validated to estimate individual risk of bleeding in ACS.

Objectives and Methods: in order to create and validate a score for estimating risk of bleeding at admission of patients with ACS, independent predictors of bleeding reported in the GRACE registry (

Circulation

2007
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116
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) were utilized according to the following rule: the presence of variables with odds ratio (OR) ≥ 2.5 in the GRACE registry added 3 points to the score, OR = 1.5–2.4 added 2 points and those with OR < 1.5 added 1 point. Only information available at admission were considered: previous history of bleeding (3 points), creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min (2 points), clearance = 30 – 60 ml/min (1 point), female gender (2 points), each 10 years of aging after 30 years old (1 point), ST-segment depression (1 point), peripheral artery disease (1 point), smoking (1 point). In order to validate the score, a sample of 383 consecutive individuals (66±12 yo, 58% males) admitted with ACS between 1999 and 2007 was studied. Inclusion criteria were defined as chest discomfort with at least one of the following: ST-segment elevation, ST-segment depression, T wave inversion, positive troponin or previous coronary artery disease. Major bleeding was defined as hematocrit fall ≥ 10%, blood transfusion of at least 2 units, intracerebral bleeding or fatal bleeding.

Results: incidence of major bleeding was 3.1%. The bleeding score statistically predicted major bleeding (C-statistics=0.66; 95%IC = 0.52– 0.80). Patients in the first two quartiles of score distribution (1– 4 points) experienced the lowest risk of bleeding (1.6%), those in the third quartile (6 points) had intermediate risk (2.7%) and individuals in the fourth quartile (7–10 points) had the highest risk observed (6%, P=0.089). When sample population was dichotomized according to the best cut-off point in risk discrimination, those with a score ≥ 7 had 6% risk of bleeding, compared to individuals with a score < 7 (1.9%, P=0.03).

Conclusion: the tested score discriminates bleeding risk and is a potentially useful tool in clinical decision during acute coronary syndromes.
Abstract 4422: Initial Antihypertensive Drugs for Heart Failure Prevention: Network and Bayesian Meta-analyses of Clinical Trial Data
Authors: Elliott William J , Basu Sanjib , Meyer Peter M
Published: August 2024

Heart failure continues to be the most common admitting diagnosis for Medicare beneficiaries, and is the only cardiovascular endpoint that has continuously increased in incidence in the USA since 1990. Early meta-analyses suggested that active antihypertensive drug therapy decreased heart failure incidence in hypertensives by about 50%. We therefore gathered data from existing clinical trials (minimum follow-up: 1 year) to compare the ability of the various antihypertensive drug classes regarding prevention of heart failure. Heart failure was reported in 53 clinical trials involving 281,626 patients. These data were subjected to both network (

Stat Med

.
2002
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21
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2313
–2324

) and Bayesian (

Stat Comp

.
2000
;
10
:
325
–337

) meta-analyses. The numbers of subjects with heart failure/number at risk were: Placebo (1264/43,142), Diuretic (1093/35,271), β-blocker (993/52,291), Calcium Channel Blocker (CCB: 2145/76,594), ACE-inhibitor (ACE-I: 1734/48,247), and Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB: 1098/26,141). The incoherence for the network meta-analysis was very small (ω < 0.000008), and the results (using diuretic as reference, 22 arms) were: These results were robust to many sensitivity analyses. After subdividing the trial results according to which diuretic was used initially (chlorthalidone, hydrochlorothiazide, or other), the incoherence was still very small (ω < 0.000005), but HCTZ was significantly better than placebo (only), whereas chlorthalidone was also significantly better than all other non-diuretic drugs. These data indicate that an initial diuretic is superior to placebo and all other active antihypertensive drug classes in preventing heart failure, with chlorthalidone exhibiting somewhat better prevention than HCTZ.
Social Movement Partyism and Congressional Opposition to Certifying the 2020 Presidential Election Results in the United States
Authors: Van Dyke Nella , Dodson Kyle , Almeida Paul , Novoa Jaqueline
Published: August 2024

At times, radicalized rightwing movements may influence political institutions to the point of weakening core democratic practices and promoting the tools of autocrats. We advance a theory of social movement partyism, arguing that formal political parties and social movements may forge an alliance through a relational opportunity-mobilization exchange, whereby the party provides political opportunities to the movement and the movement offers a highly energized base of support. In this environment, elected officials will be moved to take action in the electoral arena consistent with movement goals. We use a quantitative dataset at the House District level to examine the impact of the hate movement on members of Congress voting to object to certifying the presidential election results on January 6, 2021, net of a host of individual and social contextual variables. We find Congress members from districts with high levels of hate movement organizations, especially those formed in the Trump era, were more likely to object to the election results. We provide a reliability check using a model looking at additional measures of anti-democratic activity and autocratic tools. Our results provide strong support for our contention that social movement partyism involving an extremist movement influenced recent anti-democratic and authoritarian actions on the part of elected officials in the United States.
Research Letter: Dispensing of psychotropic medications in Australia between 2013 and 2022
Authors: Almeida Osvaldo P , Etherton-Beer Christopher , Sanfilippo Frank , Preen David B , Page Amy
Published: August 2024

Objective:

The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of Australians dispensed psychotropic medications between 2013 and 2022 according to their age.

Methods:

Services Australia provided a de-identified 10% random Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme sample that allowed us to determine, for each year, the proportion of Australians dispensed at least one script for antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics, or hypnotics. The classification of medications followed Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical coding. Participants were stratified into 10-year age groups from 0–9 to ⩾90 years, and sex was coded as male/female. We retrieved population numbers from the Australian Bureau of Statistics.

Results:

The number of records per year ranged from 1,540,520 to 1,746,402, and 54.10% were for females. A greater proportion of older adults, particularly those aged ⩾70 years, were dispensed antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics and hypnotics than any other age group. The proportion of people who dispensed antipsychotics, anxiolytics and hypnotics declined between 2013 and 2022 but increased for antidepressants, most markedly for adolescents and young adults. Females were more frequently dispensed antidepressants, anxiolytics and hypnotics than males, but males were more frequently dispensed antipsychotics than females, albeit not in later life.

Conclusion:

Older age groups and females are the most frequent recipients of psychotropic medications dispensed in Australia.
Hitting the Sweet Spot? The Electoral Consequences of Supporting Minority Governments
Authors: Thürk Maria , Klüver Heike
Published: August 2024

Does supporting a minority cabinet harm a party’s electoral prospects? While minority governments have become more common in recent years, the electoral implications for parties supporting such cabinets remain unclear. Previous research suggests that support parties enjoy a favorable position, exerting policy influence while avoiding electoral losses associated with joining the government. However, we argue that this is only true for support parties without written agreements, as their support is less visible to voters. To test our argument, we compiled a novel dataset on the electoral performance of 563 parties in 304 elections across 31 countries since 1980. We estimate the effect of being a support party on subsequent electoral performance. Our findings indicate that parties which declare support perform better electorally than junior partners, while contract support parties do not. These insights shed light on the relationship between minority governments and electoral competition amidst growing party system fragmentation.
Book review: Aravind Yelery, China Inc.: Between State Capitalism and Economic Statecraft
Authors: Mishra R. K. , Kiranmai J
Published: August 2024

Aravind Yelery, China Inc.: Between State Capitalism and Economic Statecraft. Pentagon Press LLP, 2021, xx+360 pp., ₹1,295.
Book review: Sunil Ambekar, The RSS: Roadmaps for the 21st Century
Authors: Bhushan Shashi
Published: August 2024

Sunil Ambekar, The RSS: Roadmaps for the 21st Century. Rupa Publications India Pvt Ltd, 2019, 230 pp., ₹595.
The role of social work practitioners and human service professionals in long-term disaster recovery after the 2016 Alberta wildfires in Canada
Authors: Drolet Julie L , Lewin Bonita , Khatiwada Kamal , Bogdan Evalyna , Windsor Elladee
Published: August 2024

The 2016 Alberta wildfires resulted in widespread destruction of property and displacement of residents. Research aimed to identify the roles and responsibilities of social work practitioners and human service professionals in long-term disaster recovery. This article presents the findings from interviews, focus groups, and a survey with a total of 140 participants in Alberta, Canada. Implications for disaster social work planning, and response and recovery efforts in Canada and internationally, will inform the development of programs and policies to support and make visible the contribution of social workers and human service professionals in long-term disaster recovery.
Insurgent Conscription for Capacity and Control: State Violence and Coerced Recruitment in Civil War
Authors: Myers Emily
Published: August 2024

Though previous research has recognized that armed groups do not always recruit fighters on a voluntary basis, varieties and determinants of insurgent forced recruitment are still poorly understood. What drives armed groups to employ certain methods of coercive recruitment? This article conceptualizes and studies a particular form of coerced recruitment—insurgent conscription—whereby rebel groups rely on their administrative capacity to compel civilians to fight. Building on scholarship that highlights the impact of state violence on rebel recruitment, I theorize that state violence incentivizes armed groups to employ insurgent conscription. Leveraging a novel, cross-national dataset of insurgent conscription in state-rebel dyads between 1946 and 2008, I find that state targeting of an armed group’s civilian support base increases the likelihood of insurgent conscription. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the relationship between state violence and insurgent recruitment, rebel-civilian relationships, and the transformation of institutions and networks in civil wars.
Investor Protection Paradigm in India: Mounting Criticality of Digitalisation
Authors: Mohapatra C S , Ghosh Depannita
Published: August 2024

With the advent of digitalisation and expansion of the retail market in recent years, India has experienced a significant shift in its financial landscape, necessitating an increased emphasis on investor education and protection. This article delves into the intricate relationship between investor education and investor protection, emphasising the pivotal role of the government, regulators and financial institutions in framing protective measures for investors. With the rise of digitalisation, particularly fintech, the financial services sector has witnessed transformative changes, influencing access to investment opportunities. This exploratory article reviews the existing architecture for investor protection and stresses the need for a dynamic and well-coordinated approach, robust complaint resolution mechanism, and comprehensive research to enhance investor protection in this evolving financial ecosystem. It discusses notable initiatives, including the National Strategy on Financial Education and its 5C strategy, suggesting an additional ‘6th C’, that is, a class-oriented approach to serve as a key driver in creating a financially aware and empowered India. The strengthening of the regulatory framework with adequate cybersecurity measures, launch of an online portal for claim settlement and the establishment of a Centralised Grievance Redressal system are highlighted as crucial steps in building a comprehensive investor protection framework. The authors also highlight that investor protection is a two-way approach involving the government and regulatory bodies on the one hand and investors on the other, with both sides being equally accountable, alert and watchful in the digital era.

JEL Codes: D02, D14, D18, G18, G21, G22, G23, G28
‘‘While There’s Life There’s Hope’’ Hope in Palliative Care: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kısaoğlu Özge , Tel Havva
Published: August 2024

Hope is a critically important concept in palliative care that enables coping and increases quality of life. This qualitative study was conducted to determine how palliative care patients describe hope and the factors that increase or decrease hope after a hope intervention. Data were collected through semi-structural interviews with 10 palliative care patients. The analysis followed a thematic analysis approach. The participants defined hope as the joy of living in general, and the strength to cope with difficulties and stated that spending time with loved ones increased their hopes, the worsening of their diseases reduced their hopes, hope made them feel good psychologically, and health workers had an important role in increasing hope. It is recommended that hope interventions be person-centric in palliative care settings and that care should be structured by considering the factors that maintain and prevent hope.
Associations Between Teacher Confirmation, Emotional Support and Chinese EFL Learners’ Grit: Sequential Mixed Methods
Authors: Bai Shuxia , Zheng Wei
Published: August 2024

While grit is considered essential to EFL learners as they navigate the challenges and setbacks of foreign language learning, it has been largely overlooked by EFL researchers. In this sequential mixed methods study with qualitative data and structural equation modeling (SEM), we examined the role of teacher confirmation and emotional support in predicting L2 grit among 309 low-proficiency Chinese EFL learners who were majoring in music, fine arts, and physical education at Chinese universities. Our results revealed positive correlations between teacher confirmation, emotional support, and L2 grit, with both teacher confirmation and emotional support significantly predicting L2 grit in our presumptive model. Qualitatively, we analyzed 22 participants’ responses to three open-ended questions from a semi-structured interview. Interviewees named a spectrum of interpersonal, learner, context, teacher, and task related factors they believed to be affecting their L2 grit. Among the interpersonal factors, teacher-student communication variables were most frequently named, echoing our quantitative findings. We discussed the limitations, pedagogical implications, and recommended future directions of this research.
Monitoring care, curating suffering: Law, bureaucracy and veterinary expertise in contemporary animal politics
Authors: Leth-Espensen Marie
Published: August 2024

This article critically explores responses to the suffering of animals caused by industrialised agriculture aiming to reflect on broader aspects of the current state of animal politics in the 21st century. Focusing on the regulatory schemes introduced to control the welfare of animals in Denmark, the article foregrounds sites of law enforcement and industry regulation, in which animal suffering is ‘carefully’ curated. The analysed material comprises inspection reports and interviews with veterinary officers and technicians charged with monitoring the level of care in Danish agribusinesses. The article builds upon Kelly Oliver’s theory of witnessing to develop a sociological perspective on the function of expert testimony within regulatory and administrative domains – what is defined as acts of juridical eyewitnessing. Through this framework, it becomes evident that law and bureaucratic procedures wield considerable influence in transforming a social and legal expectation to reduce animal suffering into specific ethical-scientific and bureaucratic standards. Furthermore, in adopting a de-human-centred sociological lens, the article presents an alternative interpretation of the evolution of anti-suffering sentiment – understood as negative emotional responses to animal suffering – one in which the state plays a prominent role in shaping particular attitudes towards other animals based on ‘seeing’ and ‘knowing’ suffering.
Local familiar strangers in digitalising urban neighbourhoods in Seoul
Authors: Kim Yong-Chan , Pyun Miran , Shin Hyejin , Fang Lu
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine how localised information and communication technologies (ICTs) use is related to interactions with local familiar strangers, from the perspective of communication infrastructure theory. More specifically, we examine (1) how individuals differ in terms of their relationships with local familiar strangers; (2) how individual-level socio-economic factors affect the scope and intensity of such relationships; (3) which individual-level communication factors (i.e. integrated connectedness to a community storytelling network, or ICSN) come into play in such relationships; and (4) how individual use of ICT affects the scope and intensity of such relationships. This study uses in-person survey data ( n = 2001) collected in Seoul in the autumn of 2019. We found that more than half of the respondents communicate at least occasionally with local familiar strangers in their neighbourhoods. However, there were relatively fewer interactions with local familiar strangers from local businesses and local institutions. Females, older people and the more educated were more likely to interact with local familiar strangers. ICSN was positively and strongly associated with interactions with local familiar strangers. Localised ICT use was generally negatively related to interactions with local familiar strangers. This negative relationship between localised ICT use and interaction with local familiar strangers is moderated by ICSN. For residents with lower ICSN, localised ICT use and interactions with local familiar strangers were clearly negatively related, and for those with higher ICSN, the two variables assume a U-shaped relationship.
Impact of Transportation Barriers on Telehealth Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kim Jaewhan , Kelley Joshua , Choi Seokjun , Weir Peter
Published: August 2024

Telehealth use among individuals with and without transportation challenges remains understudied. This study aims to compare telehealth utilization and types of healthcare services between subjects with and without transportation challenges. Using data from the 2021 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), we identified telehealth use for office visits by adults (≥18 years old) in 2021, categorizing the type of healthcare services received, such as checkups and mental health counseling. Weighted logistic regression was employed to identify factors associated with telehealth usage. The total population analyzed was 204 621 985 (unweighted n = 17 674). The average (SD) age of the subjects was 49 (18) years old, and 53% were female. On average, individuals with transportation challenges had 1.40 telehealth visits, while those without such challenges had 0.87 visits ( P = .03). Additionally, individuals with transportation challenges had more visits related to behavioral health compared to those without transportation challenges (22% vs 11%, P < .01). Those facing transportation challenges were 40% more likely to use telehealth compared to those without transportation challenges (OR = 1.40, P = .01). The findings suggest that telehealth could serve as a viable solution to overcome transportation barriers and improve access to care. However, it is crucial to assess access to care through telehealth to enhance the health outcomes for individuals facing transportation challenges.
A Third Birth: Rousseau’s Education to Moral Judgment in Julie, or the New Heloise
Authors: Slonina Emma V.
Published: August 2024

Rousseau is well-known for his work on education, entitled Emile, or On Education, and equally vilified for the gendered education presented in its concluding chapter. This is not his only educational offering, however. He proposes an alternative moral education in his preceding novel, Julie, or the New Heloise, and this education avoids the problems inherent in Emile’s and Sophie’s educations, as well as offering us contemporary readers something more palatable. In Emile, the characters receive gendered educations that make them dependent moral halves, necessitated by the “second birth” of humans as sexual beings, whereas in Julie, the characters receive an education that cultivates both masculine and feminine judgment in each to make them independent moral agents, constituting a possible “third birth” for humans. While this education is perhaps only suitable in certain contexts, it reveals a complexity to Rousseau’s thought on women and education that has not been previously acknowledged.
Comparative study of dielectric characteristics and radio transparency of composite materials
Authors: Yermakhanova Azira Muratovna , Kenzhegulov Aidar Karaulovich , Meiirbekov Mohammed Nurgazyuly , Baiserikov Berdiyar Meirzhanuly
Published: August 2024

Polymer composites with low dielectric properties and excellent radio transparency are essential for high signal transmission rates and high device integration. However, creating dielectric polymer composites with high radio transparency is a challenging task. This work presents comparative results of studying the dielectric loss, permittivity and radio transparency of composite materials, such as aramid-epoxy composite (AEC), glass fiber (GF), carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), and ultra-high molecular weight high-density polyethylene (UHMWPE). Based on the experimental results, the following transmission percentages were established for various materials: CFRP – 2.45%, AEC – 79.43%, UHMWPE – 80.16%, and GF – 78.88%. The dielectric loss tangent angle of carbon fiber is significantly higher compared to other polymer composites, UHMWPE exhibits the lowest tangent angle values, and AEC and GF have stable and low dielectric loss. The obtained polymer composites demonstrated low dielectric permittivity values: AEС 2.9, UHMWPE 2.56, and GF 3.64.
Vicarious Dissonance: Pre-Registered Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jaubert Sara , Fillon Adrien Alejandro , Souchet Lionel , Girandola Fabien
Published: August 2024

The vicarious cognitive dissonance process predicts that observing an inconsistent act by a member of the ingroup causes uncomfortable arousal in the observer, inducing a motivation to reduce this discomfort. This meta-analysis examined the effect of vicarious cognitive dissonance based on 24 studies ( N = 16,769). Our results indicated a small effect for the vicarious cognitive dissonance ( g = 0.41 [0.27, 0.54], p <.001) with important variability between the outcomes. Our moderator analysis was limited by the low number of included studies. Publication bias analyses indicate a small true effect size (e.g., 3PSM: g = 0.22, p = .042), that was inflated by small sample sizes (R-index = 14.6%). We discussed theoretical issues concerning the psychological processes underlying vicarious cognitive dissonance, and methodological questions concerning operationalization. We proposed ways of improving the design and procedure to ensure that the effects found in the literature exist and are replicable.
Smart library: Reflections on concepts, aspects and technologies
Authors: Farkhari Fateme , CheshmehSohrabi Mehrdad , Karshenas Hossein
Published: August 2024

Recent developments in the information ecosystem and the changes of the knowledge organisations have resulted in a growing tendency towards a new generation of libraries. This study intends to reflect the characteristics, necessities and challenges of smart libraries using the documentary research method. In total, 78 research articles from the top 17 databases were reviewed. A total of 128 concepts were identified in different aspects, such as technology ( n = 53), services ( n = 36), people ( n = 19), management ( n = 7), space and place ( n = 9), governance ( n = 2), and moral and legal matters ( n = 2). The characteristics, necessities, reasons, challenges and obstacles of smart libraries are multidimensional, complex and varied. Smart libraries employ various technologies to facilitate the interaction between people and resources and between people and libraries, while also enabling intelligent administration. This work assists researchers, designers and librarians in how to develop and improve smart libraries.
Cognition, Interaction, and Creativity in Songwriting Sessions: Advancing a Distributed Dual-Process Framework
Authors: Price Taylor
Published: August 2024

This article develops a microsociological framework of cognition, interaction, and creativity to identify group processes that alternatively facilitate automatic and deliberate cognitive processes in ways that drive the creative process forward. Analyzing interactions and cognitive processes by drawing on ethnographic observations and video recordings of 46 songwriting sessions, I find individuals sustain awareness of their collaborators’ cognitive processes and interact with others to, alternatively, sustain the automatic cognitive processes of their collaborators and compel them to be more deliberate. When new musical ideas provoke enthusiastic reactions among multiple members in a collaborative group, this moment of resonance can lead to “resonance in motion” if it is punctuated by a subsequent moment of resonance. The microsociological framework advanced in this article synthesizes sociological dual-process models with the distributed cognition framework to enhance future analysis and theorizing in sociology and social psychology on cognition, interaction, creativity, and cultural production.
Book review: Ann R. David, Ram Gopal: Interweaving Histories of Indian Dance
Authors: Devi Nilima
Published: August 2024

Ann R. David, Ram Gopal: Interweaving Histories of Indian Dance (London et al., Methuen Drama, 2024), xii + 232 pp.
Neither private property nor public service: Critical reflections on the conceptual framework of public service media
Authors: Freedman Des
Published: August 2024

Public service media (PSM) have long been seen as the necessary counterweight to the failures of a market model. Given the rise of private corporate power over communications systems, PSM have long been claimed to the be the ‘heart of a heartless world’ – spaces dominated not by the relentless logic of capital but by broader ambitions that involve citizen participation, social improvement and knowledge acquisition. This article offers a different interpretation. It argues that at their very best, PSM have improved an otherwise anaemic commercial landscape; at their worst, they are simply an accessory to state actors and contaminated media markets that reproduce elite power. Media practices and institutions based on the public service idea all too often lack the accountability and indeed the fundamental democratic oversight of the publics in whose name they operate. This article seeks first to contrast the values and structures of public service media with those of wholly commercial models and illustrates some of the ‘defensive’ arguments and initiatives that have been developed in response to threats to PSM. The article then explores a series of arguments that problematise what is often a reflexive defence of PSM. It considers whether being non-commercial necessarily positions an institution as pro-public and focuses on the role of the state in the creation of PSM institutions. It argues that the gap between normative accounts of public service and their institutional structures is not an accident or an aberration but reflects the structural imbalances of power built into PSM. Finally, the article analyses the different ways in which ‘the public’ has been conceptualised and deployed in the operational models of PSM, often as the ‘masses’ or as individuals in need of enlightenment or as sovereign consumers, but rarely as active agents of social change.
Physical activity levels in patients with chronic venous insufficiency
Authors: Domingues Wagner Jorge Ribeiro , Germano-Soares Antonio Henrique , Cucato Gabriel Grizzo , de Souza Lenon Corrêa , Brandão Emely Kércia Santiago de Souza , Souza Emmina Lima da Cruz de , da Silva e Silva Thiago Renan , Arêas Guilherme Peixoto Tinoco , Costa Cleinaldo , Campelo Priscilla Ribeiro dos Santos , dos Santos Neivaldo José Nazaré , Silva Gustavo Oliveira da , Simões Caroline Ferraz
Published: August 2024

Background

Increasing the levels of physical activity (PA) is widely recommended for people with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). However, studies investigating the patterns of PA and adherence to PA guidelines using objective measures are lacking.

Objective

The primary aim was to examine the patterns of PA and adherence to PA guidelines among patients with CVI. A secondary aim was to identify whether adherence to PA recommendations differed according to patients’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 96 patients with CVI with Clinical-Etiology-Anatomy-Pathology (CEAP) C3 to C6 (69.1% women 59 ± 11 years; 51.5% C5-C6 on CEAP classification). Objective time spent in PA was measured by a triaxial accelerometer. To examine adherence to PA guidelines, patients were grouped as meeting (or) the recommendations if they had at least 150 min/week of moderate to vigorous PA. Sociodemographic and clinic characteristics were obtained by self-report. Binary logistic regression was employed to examine whether sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were associated with adherence to PA guidelines. T-tests were employed to compare PA levels at different intensities according to patients’ age.

Results

Patients spent an average of 311.4 ± 91.5 min/week, 42.1 ± 28.0 min/week, and 19.8 ± 17.8 min/week in low-light PA, high-light PA, and moderate-to-vigorous PA, respectively. The proportion of patients meeting PA recommendations was 36.2%, and older patients had lower odds (OR = 0.94; 95%CI: 0.89 to 0.99). Additional analysis reinforced that by showing lower time in high-light PA (51.2 ± 30.0 min/day vs. 31.9 ± 21.8 min/day; p = .001) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (24.3 ± 15.8 min/day vs. 14.8 ± 18.8 min/day; p = .012) among older patients than their peers younger.

Conclusion

Our findings showed that 36,2% of CVI patients met PA recommendations, with lower odds found among older patients. Public health interventions to enhance PA engagement among CVI patients should prioritize those who are older.
Parental Alcohol Use Predicts Neural Emotion Reactivity and Substance Use Intentions in Early Adolescence
Authors: Kisner Mallory A. , Gonçalves Stefanie F. , Fuchs Allison M. , Thompson James C. , Chaplin Tara M.
Published: August 2024

Parents’ alcohol use may influence adolescent substance use and substance use intentions. Prior research has linked adolescents’ emotion reactivity with parental drinking behaviors and adolescent substance use. The present study investigated whether sub-clinical maternal alcohol use relates to adolescent neural emotion reactivity and substance use intentions in early adolescence. Early adolescents ( N = 70) viewed emotional images during a fMRI scan and completed a questionnaire about substance use intentions. Their mothers reported past 30-day alcohol use. Results showed that greater frequency of maternal alcohol use predicted adolescents’ substance use intentions. In addition, maternal alcohol use predicted adolescent blunted responses to positive emotional images in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). There was no relationship between neural emotion reactivity and adolescent substance use intentions. Findings suggest that parental alcohol use may relate to adolescent’s development of reward and positive emotion processing systems, even at sub-clinical levels of drinking.
Burnout and occupational stress of home care rehabilitation professionals transitioning out of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Nowrouzi-Kia Behdin , King Emily , Edwards Brydne , Nizzer Sonia , Yazdani Amin , Gohar Basem , Bani-Fatemi Ali , Howe Aaron , Fayyaz Yusra , Alam Bushra , Khan Raabia , Chattu Vijay Kumar
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the home healthcare industry, with increased rates of burnout and stress among homecare rehabilitation professionals (hcRPs). This study aimed to (1) examine the nature of burnout and occupational stress among homecare rehabilitation professionals at a large home care organization in Ontario, Canada, transitioning out of the pandemic, and (2) assess its impact on work participation and engagement.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional survey using the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Generic Job Stress Questionnaire and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory to examine burnout and job stress.

Results:

One hundred thirty-nine participants identified that work stress and burnout are more likely to occur when one struggles to cope, experiences unexpected circumstances, and feels a lack of control, which can lead to anger and emotional exhaustion. The adjusted odds ratio for emotional exhaustion was 5.46, indicating that the probability of experiencing work stress among homecare rehabilitation professionals increases as emotional exhaustion increases. Significant associations were found between coping with daily tasks and levels of burnout.

Conclusion:

Work stress and burnout influence coping, unexpected circumstances in homecare rehabilitation professionals work–life. Furthermore, highlighting the need to provide organizational support and policies that specifically address these issues in the home care sector.
Reflection and transmission phenomenon of plane waves at the interface of diffusive viscoelastic porous rotating isotropic medium under hall current and nonlocal thermoelastic porous solid
Authors: Bibi Farhat , Ali Hashmat
Published: August 2024

The response of elastic waves upon encountering the boundary between two elastic media is investigated in the present work. Whereas the top medium is thermoelastic isotropic porous, the below medium is thermoelastic rotating porous diffusive. There is an uncoupled transmitted SV-wave propagating through the medium, and the lower medium is rotating with some fixed angular frequency. When the incident wave hits the boundary, it produces four transmitted waves and five coupled quasi-reflected waves. The system is divided into longitudinal and transverse components using the Helmholtz decomposition theorem. Analytical computations of speed and reflection coefficients for transmitted and reflected waves are performed using LS theory. The outcomes are graphically represented for a particular material subject to nonlocal and fractional-order influences. Wave characteristics, such as speed and reflection coefficients for transmitted and reflected waves, are plotted versus angular frequency and angle of incidence using MATLAB programing. The conservation of energy has also been verified. In the absence of rotation, hall current, voids, viscoelasticity, and diffusion in the medium, the previous results in the literature are obtained.
Post-Purchase Trip Heterogeneity: Exploring the Impact of Free and Paid Return Deliveries on Shopping and Transport Mode Choices in the USA
Authors: Rossolov Oleksandr , Holguín-Veras José , Susilo Yusak O.
Published: August 2024

This paper explores aspects of the post-purchase trips generated by the necessity to return purchased clothing to the shops. Particular focus is given to online shopping that has become common for clothing purchases. This study’s novelty lies in delving into the underlying reasons behind post-purchase trips, particularly those initiated when customers seek to return clothing to retailers. It examines the impact of free and paid return delivery options as key factors driving consumers’ decisions in relation to clothing returns. The study consists of two branches and leverages the random utility maximization theory. The first branch focuses on the impact of free and paid return options on the preferred shopping channels by utilizing a stated preference dataset collected from 507 US online shoppers. The second branch of this study employs the revealed preference dataset and aims to explore the return trip behavior. The willingness-to-pay values estimated for the free return delivery option are higher among female online shoppers compared with males—$7.42 and $6.65 per delivery, respectively. It was found that among the identified “returners,” 84.62% of males and 79.91% of females showed a strong reliance on private cars for their return trips. The potential environmental consequences of return trips were evaluated, focusing on the case of the USA. Additionally, the estimated marginal probability effect revealed that factors such as an aging population, car ownership, and number of children in households positively influence car usage for post-purchase trips. The study’s implications for stakeholders are discussed.
Tensor Decomposition for Spatiotemporal Mobility Pattern Learning with Mobile Phone Data
Authors: Gong Suxia , Saadi Ismaïl , Teller Jacques , Cools Mario
Published: August 2024

Detecting urban mobility patterns is crucial for policymakers in urban and transport planning. Mobile phone data have been increasingly deployed to measure the spatiotemporal variations in human mobility. This work applied non-negative Tucker decomposition (NTD) to mobile phone-based origin–destination (O-D) matrices to explore mobility patterns’ latent spatial and temporal relationships in the province of Liège, Belgium. Four [Formula: see text] traffic tensors have been built for one regular weekday, one regular weekend day, one holiday weekday, and one holiday weekend day, respectively. The proposed method inferred spatial clusters and temporal patterns while interpreting the correlation between spatial clusters and temporal patterns through geographical visualization. As a result, we found the similarity of O-D and destination–origin (D-O) patterns and the symmetry for the trips of the temporal patterns with evening peak and morning peaks on the weekday. Moreover, we investigated the attraction of different spatial clusters with two temporal patterns on a regular weekday and validated the reconstructed demand using population counts and commuting matrices. Finally, the differences in spatial and temporal interactions have been addressed in detail.
Moral Injury and Its Consequences Among Combat Veterans: Preliminary Findings on the Role of Moral Judgment
Authors: Faigenbloom Dor , Zerach Gadi , Levi-Belz Yossi
Published: August 2024

Exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) among combat veterans has been acknowledged as a significant stressful combat event that may lead to various mental health problems, including depression and moral injury (MI), outcomes of shame and guilt. Recent studies have examined both risk and protective factors that can contribute to PMIEs and their consequences. However, while the general level of one’s moral judgment is a logical contributor to moral injuries, it has yet to be examined empirically. In the current study, we examined the unique impact of moral judgment levels on the experience of PMIEs among combat veterans. We also examined the moderating role of moral judgment in the relationship between PMIEs and MI outcomes and depressive symptoms. A volunteer sample of 70 male Israeli combat veterans completed self-report questionnaires and a moral judgment task in a cross-sectional design study. Our findings indicate that moral judgment contributed to higher levels of perceiving others’ actions as transgressive (PMIE-Other), above and beyond combat exposure. Moreover, we found that moral judgment has a moderating role in the link between PMIEs and their negative outcomes: Among veterans with higher levels of moral judgment, the association between PMIEs and their expressions was stronger than for those with lower levels of moral judgment. Our finding highlights the unique contribution of moral judgment level to PMIEs and their mental health consequences. It can be cautiously suggested that moral judgment should be viewed as a pre-recruitment risk factor that can help identify those at greater risk for mental health problems following exposure to PMIEs.
Community-Based Participatory Research with Sexual and Gender Minority Trauma Survivors: Challenges, Solutions, and Recommendations for Future Research
Authors: Zabelski Sasha , Cascalheira Cory J. , Shaw Thomas J. , Helminen Emily C. , Messinger Adam M. , Edwards Katie M. , Scheer Jillian R.
Published: August 2024

Research on sexual and gender minority (SGM) and domestic violence/sexual assault (DV/SA) is needed given that SGM people are at elevated risk of experiencing DV/SA and accessing inclusive and affirming services from DV/SA community agencies poses challenges for SGM survivors. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is emerging as a valuable methodological tool in this area, yet few CBPR studies focus on DV/SA among SGM people. In the current paper, we present a case study of a CBPR study conducted in collaboration with SGM survivors of DV/SA, as well as community stakeholders (i.e., DV/SA agency staff and providers). More specifically, we make six recommendations to address CBPR study challenges specifically focused on SGM DV/SA, including (a) integrating positionality throughout every step of the research process, (b) establishing rapport with community partners early in the process, (c) engaging external experts in conducting research related to SGM DV/SA to enhance community–research partnerships, (d) ensuring diverse identities are represented within the study team, (e) developing clear, co-defined feedback and communication guidelines with a Survivor Advisory Board (SAB), and (f) implementing an SAB engagement/retention plan. We also provide concrete examples from our CBPR case study to illustrate each recommendation. These recommendations may enhance the impact of conducting CBPR that seeks to promote recovery from DV/SA among SGM via practices for sustainable community partnerships and linkage-to-care efforts for SGM survivors.
Personal Norms Predict Defending in Bullying: Mediating Role of Anticipated Pride and Guilt
Authors: Wang Yangan , Xia Xin , Yun Gaojie
Published: August 2024

Recent studies have shown that bystander intervention involves moral engagement. However, the underlying internal mechanism is still poorly understood. Drawing on the norm activation model (NAM), Study 1 (questionnaire; n = 502) and Study 2 (experiment; n = 144) were conducted to investigate the influence of personal norms on defending through the mediating factors of anticipated pride and anticipated guilt. After controlling for age and gender, Study 1 revealed a significant positive association between personal norms and defending. This relationship was mediated by both anticipated pride and guilt, highlighting their parallel roles in explaining the influence of personal norms on defending. Study 2 investigated using writing tasks to manipulate personal norms from participants. The results revealed that the priming group had significantly higher levels of anticipated pride, guilt, and defending than the control group. Study 2 replicated the results of Study 1 in testing the mediated path, enhancing the reliability of research findings. This study expands the scope of the application of NAM by examining the interplay between personal norms, anticipated pride, anticipated guilt, and defending, as well as exploring the implications of these findings for interventions against bullying. Moral education should focus not only on the responsibility and obligation of bystanders to intervene in bullying incidents but also on the need to assist students in forming a moral compass within themselves that guides them to defend victims through moral emotions actively.
Using Twitter to Detect Polling Place Issue Reports on U.S. Election Days
Authors: Juneja Prathm , Floridi Luciano
Published: August 2024

In this article, we analyze whether Twitter can be used to detect relative reports of issues at polling places. We use 20,322 tweets geolocated to U.S. states that match a series of keywords on the 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018 general election days. We fine-tune BERTweet, a pre-trained language model, using a training set of 6,365 tweets labeled as issues or non-issues. We develop a model with an accuracy of 96.9% and a recall of 72.2%, and another model with an accuracy of 90.5% and a recall of 93.5%, far exceeding the performance of baseline models. Based on these results, we argue that these BERTweet-based models are promising methods for detecting reports of polling place issues on U.S. election days. We suggest that outputs from these models can be used to supplement existing voter protection efforts and to research the impact of policies, demographics, and other variables on voting access.
The Impact of a Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Nasal Polymerase Chain Reaction Protocol on Vancomycin Length of Therapy Among Patients With Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
Authors: Couzo Anel , Griffin Adia , Willis Courtney M. , Mendez Julio , Epps Kevin L.
Published: August 2024

Objective: We evaluated the impact of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol on the vancomycin length of therapy (LOT) for skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). Design: Retrospective quasi-experimental pre- and post- MRSA nasal PCR protocol implementation study. Setting: Tertiary-care academic medical center in Jacksonville, Florida. Patients: Eligible patients received empiric vancomycin for SSTIs from January 1st to September 30th 2020 (pre-implementation group) and from January 1st to September 30th 2022 (post-implementation group). Intervention: The electronic health system software was modified to provide a best-practice advisory (BPA) prompt to the pharmacist upon order verification of vancomycin for patients with SSTIs. Methods: We reviewed patient records to determine the time from vancomycin prescription to de-escalation. The secondary outcomes were incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), number of vancomycin levels collected, and hospital length of stay (LOS). Results: The study included 131 patients (pre-implementation, n = 86 and post-implementation, n = 45). There was no significant difference in vancomycin length of therapy (LOT) between implementation groups: mean LOT in days and standard deviation (SD) were 2.7 (1.9) and 2.6 (1.3), respectively, p-value 0.493. Of significance, in the post-implementation group, vancomycin LOT between patients with a negative and positive MRSA PCR were 2.3 (1.1) and 3.9 (1.6), p-value 0.006. There was no difference in secondary outcomes. Conclusion: The utilization of the MRSA nasal PCR to guide vancomycin de-escalation did not significantly change the vancomycin LOT, however in the post-implementation group there was a significant difference in vancomycin LOT between negative and positive MRSA PCRs.