bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Realistic representation of mixed-phase clouds increases future climate warming
Authors: Hofer Stefan , Hahn Lily , Shaw Jonah , McGraw Zachary , Bruno Olimpia , Hellmuth Franziska , Pietschnig Marianne , Mostue Idunn , David Robert , Carlsen Tim , Storelvmo Trude
Published: June 2023

Clouds are the main source of uncertainties when projecting climate change. Mixed-phase clouds (MPCs) that contain ice and supercooled-liquid particles are especially hard to constrain, and climate models neither agree on their phase nor their spatial extent. This is problematic, as models that underestimate contemporary supercooled-liquid in MPCs will underestimate future warming. Furthermore, it has recently been shown that supercooled-liquid water in MPCs is not homogeneously-mixed, neither vertically nor horizontally. However, while there have been attempts at observationally constraining MPCs to constrain uncertainties in future warming, all studies only use the phase of the interior of MPCs. Using novel satellite observations, and contrary to current knowledge, we show that MPCs are more liquid at the cloud top globally. We use these observations to constrain, for the first time, the cloud top phase in addition to the interior of MPCs in a global climate model, leading to +1C more 21st century warming in NorESM2 SSP5-8.5 climate projections. We anticipate that the difference between cloud top and interior phase in MPCs is an important new target metric for future climate model development, because similar MPC-related biases in future warming are likely present in many climate models.
Association of intraoperative cerebral and somatic tissue oxygen saturation with postoperative acute kidney injury in adult patients undergoing multiple valve surgery
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhang Taoyuan , Hou Lihong , Zhao Jing , Fan Qianqian , Wang Lini , Lu Zhihong , Dong Hailong , Lei Chong
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND
The association between tissue oxygenation with postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in adult patients undergoing multiple valve surgery has not been specifically studied.
METHODS
In this prospective exploratory cohort study, 99 patients were enrolled. The left forehead, the left forearm, the left upper thigh, and the left renal region tissue oxygen saturation using near-infrared spectroscopy were monitored. The association between each threshold and AKI was assessed. The relative and absolute thresholds were < 70%, < 75%, < 80%, < 85%, < 90%, < 95%, and < 100% baseline, and baseline-standard deviation (SD), -1.5 SD, -2 SD, -2.5 SD, and − 3 SD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was adopted to explore the association.
RESULTS
AKI occurred in 53 (54%) patients. The absolute value-based SrrO2 thresholds associated with AKI were baseline-3 SD (odds ratio [OR], 4.629; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.238–17.314; P = 0.023) and baseline-2.5 SD (OR, 2.842; 95% CI, 1.025–7.881; P = 0.045) after adjusting for the potential confounders, those are renal region tissue oxygen saturation of 55% and 60%, but not statistically significant after correcting for multiple testing (corrected P = 0.114 and 0.179, respectively).
CONCLUSION
The SrrO2 desaturation, defined as < baseline – 2.5 SD or < baseline – 3 SD, may be associated with AKI. The thresholds need to be verified in future large-scale studies.
The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, first trial registration: 26/10/2017, identifier: NCT03323203.
Vehicle Crash Simulation Models for Reinforcement Learning driven crash-detection algorithm calibration
Authors: Afraj Shahabaz , Vaculín Ondřej , Böhmländer Dennis , Hynčík Luděk
Published: June 2023

The development of finite element vehicle models for crash simulations is a highly complex task. The main aim of these models is to simulate a variety of crash scenarios and assess all the safety systems for their respective performances. These vehicle models possess a substantial amount of data pertaining to the vehicle's geometry, structure, materials, etc., and are used to estimate a large set of system and component level characteristics using crash simulations. It is understood that even the most well-developed simulation models are prone to deviations in estimation when compared to real-world physical test results. This is generally due to our inability to model the chaos and uncertainties introduced in the real world. Such unavoidable deviations render the use of virtual simulations ineffective for the calibration process of the algorithms that activate the restraint systems in the event of a crash (crash-detection algorithm). In the scope of this research, authors hypothesize the possibility of accounting for such variations introduced in the real world by creating a feedback loop between real-world crash tests and crash simulations. To accomplish this, a Reinforcement Learning (RL) compatible virtual surrogate model is used, which is adapted from crash simulation models. Hence, a conceptual methodology is illustrated in this paper for developing an RL-compatible model that can be trained using the results of crash simulations and crash tests. As the calibration of the crash-detection algorithm is fundamentally dependent upon the crash pulses, the scope of the expected output is limited to advancing the ability to estimate crash pulses. Furthermore, the real-time implementation of the methodology is illustrated using an actual vehicle model.
Factors associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients, Sierra Leone: A cross-sectional secondary data analysis
Authors: Koroma Josephine Amie , Elduma Adel Hussein , Sessay Umaru , Gebru Gebrekrstos Negash
Published: June 2023

Background
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major public health problem globally. The tuberculosis rate in Sierra Leone is 298 per 100,000 people, and it is considered a country with a high burden of tuberculosis. In Sierra Leone, there is limited information on the outcomes of the treatment of MDR-TB, especially those exacerbated by COVID-19. We identified factors associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes among patients with MDR-TB in Sierra Leone.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study to analyze hospital-based MDR-TB data for 2017 to 2021. Demographic, clinical, and treatment outcome data were extracted from the main MDR-TB referral hospital database. We defined unfavorable outcomes as patients who died were lost to follow-up, or defaulted. We calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to identify predictors of the outcomes of MDR-TB treatment.
Results
Between 2017 and 2021, 628 patients with MDR-TB were reported in the Lakka hospital; 441 (71%) were male, with a median age of 34 years (range: 1–70). Clinically, 21% of the 628 MDR-TB patients were HIV positive and 413 were malnourished (66%). Seventy percent (440) of MDR-TB patients received tuberculosis treatment. The majority of patients, 457 (73%), were treated with the short treatment regimen, and 126 (20%) experienced unfavorable outcomes. Age group less than 20 years (aOR = 5.08; CI:1.87–13.82), tuberculosis retreatment (aOR = 3.23; CI:1.82–5.73), age group 21–45 years (aOR = 2.22; CI:140–3.54), HIV (aOR = 2.16; CI:1.33–3.53), malnourishment (aOR = 1.79; CI:1.12–2.86) are significantly associated with unfavorable treatment outcome for DR-TB.
Conclusions
This analysis found a high proportion of unfavorable treatment outcomes among MDR-TB patients in Sierra Leone. Malnourishment, TB retreatment, HIV co-infection, and people aged 45 years were associated with unfavorable outcomes of MDR-TB treatment. Increasing patients’ awareness, mainly among the youngest, heightens treatment adherence and HIV monitoring can reduce adverse treatment outcomes in Sierra Leone and other Sub-Saharan African countries.
The Effect of Intradialytic Exercise on Calcium, Phosphorus and Parathyroid Hormone: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tabibi Mohammad Ali , Wilund Kenneth R , Salimian Nasrin , Nikbakht Saghar , Soleymany Mahsa , Roshanaeian Zahra , Nazemi Farzad , Ahmadi Saghar
Published: June 2023

Background
Patients with kidney failure experience derangements of circulating markers of mineral metabolism and dysregulation of skeletal and cardiovascular physiology which results in high mortality rate in these patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of intradialytic exercise on regulation of these abnormalities in patients receiving chronic hemodialysis (HD).
Methods
In this randomized controlled trial conducted in an HD center in Iran, adult patients receiving chronic HD were randomized to intradialytic exercise (60 minutes) in the second hour of thrice weekly dialysis for 6 months (intervention) or no intradialytic exercise (control). The primary outcomes were serum calcium, serum phosphorous and parathyroid hormone levels. Secondary outcomes were serum alkaline phosphatase and calcium-phosphorous product
Results
The study included 44 participants randomized to intervention (n = 22) or control (n = 22). During the 6-month intervention period, significant between-group changes were observed in all primary and secondary outcomes between the intervention and control groups. Statistical analyses reveal a significant increase in serum calcium (P < 0.05) as well as a significant decrease in serum phosphorous, parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase and calcium-phosphorous product (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Intradialytic exercise performed for at least 60 minutes during thrice weekly dialysis sessions improves bone mineral metabolism in adult patients receiving HD. Further studies should focus on observing and comparing the effect of different types of exercise on bone mineral disorders and all-cause mortality in HD patients.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04916743, Registered on 08/06/2021. Registered trial name: The Effect of Intradialytic Exercise on Calcium, Phosphorous and Parathyroid Hormone: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Optimization of hydrolysis of whey protein concentrate using trypsin-like microbial protease and evaluation of dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitory activity of the obtained hydrolyzed product
Authors: Mustafa Muhannad Haj , Soleimanian-Zad Sabihe , Albukhaty Salim
Published: June 2023

Whey proteins are abundant in peptides that possess various biological activities. In order to enhance the biological properties of protein hydrolysates, it is essential to optimize the conditions of the hydrolysis process as much as possible. Firstly, we have determined the optimal conditions for hydrolysis of whey protein concentrate (WPC) by by filtered trypsin-like protease (FTLP) in vitro conditions. Then, the ability of obtained whey protein hydrolysates against inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DiPP4) in vitro conditions was examined. The optimum point for WPC hydrolysis by FTLP with the predicted optimal level of Degree of hydrolysis (DH, 42.9 %) was at an E:S ratio of 5:100 (w/w), 8.6 h, and a temperature of 40 °C. The factual DH under ideal conditions was 42.04 %, indicating the efficiency of the selected model (P ≤ 0.05). The findings indicated that hydrolysates of WPC generated by FTLP, including both the unfractionated section and the fractions obtained via ultrafiltration using 10- and 5-kDa cut-off membranes, exhibited anti-diabetic characteristics. However, the fractions exhibited greater inhibitory effects against the DiPP4 enzyme, with IC50 values of 1.98, 1.19, and 0.9 mg/mL for the unfractionated section, 10-kDa fraction, and 5-kDa fraction, respectively. Moreover, the results indicated that probiotic L. plantarum subsp. plantarumPTCC 1896 or its components may provide opportunities for future management of type-Ⅱ diabetes by inhibiting DiPP4.
Pathological roles of bone marrow adipocyte-derived monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in aggravating glucose metabolism disorder in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wan Shan , Xie Jinwei , Liang Yan , Yu Xijie
Published: June 2023

Objective
To explore the effect and related mechanisms of bone marrow adipocyte (BMA)-derived monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (Mcp-1) on systemic glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Methods
Transcriptome sequence, qPCR, ELISA, and immunofluorescence staining were utilized to investigate the alterations in BMA and pancreatic beta-cells. Meanwhile, cell counting kit, flow cytometry, and ELISA were employed to identify cell viability, apoptosis, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) levels. The protein expression levels were examined using WB.
Results
Compared with Control (Ctrl) group, the gene expression of whole bone marrow cells from db/db mice showed significant changes, among which Mcp-1 was dramatically up-regulated (Log2FC = 2.88), and its major enriched pathway included chemokine signaling pathway and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications. The BMA was accumulated, the proliferation and GSIS of beta-cells were decreased in T2D mice. The mRNA expression of Mcp-1 in BMA from T2D mice was notably up-regulated. The levels of Mcp-1 in serum and bone marrow supernatant, and the Ccr2 receptor of beta-cells in T2D mice were signally increased. Additionally, the level of Mcp-1 was distinctively elevated in BMA-derived conditional media (CM), which markedly inhibited the proliferation, GSIS and the protein level of p-Akt of the beta-cells. After blocking Mcp-1 pathway in T2D mice, the protein level of p-Akt and the proliferation of beta-cells were restored, the disordered glucose homeostasis was overtly improved as well.
Conclusion
BMA are accumulated in T2D, which secrete excessive Mcp-1 to aggravate the abnormal accumulation of BMA in bone marrow cavity through paracrine pathway. The up-regulated Mcp-1 can further deteriorate glucose metabolism disorder via restraining the proliferation and insulin secretion of beta-cells by endocrine pathway. Repression of Mcp-1 signaling can partly restore the proliferation and insulin secretion of beta-cells and improve the glucose metabolism disorder.
Different strategies to deal with the same issue: the case study of four Brazilian native grasses exposed to an excess of Zn availability.
Authors: FERREIRA PAULO , Milanesi Gabriela Descovi , Santana Natielo Almeida , Tarouco Camila Peligrinotti , Machado Liliane Correa , Silva Isley Cristiellem Bicalho da , Coronas Mariana Vieira , Brunetto Gustavo , Cesco Stefano , Mimmo Tanja , Nicoloso Fernando Teixeira
Published: June 2023

Introduction
The successive applications of fungicides containing zinc (Zn) in vineyards increase the levels of Zn contents in soils, contributing to the reduction of productivity in vineyards in tropical and subtropical regions. Thus, it is necessary to establish sustainable strategies to decrease the toxicity potential of Zn. The selection of tolerant native plants from the Pampa biome present in vineyards can reduce Zn toxicity in vines.
Objective
The study aimed to evaluate, considering physiological variables, the grass species native to the Pampa biome that are more tolerant to Zn excess.
Methods
The grass species of the Pampa biome used in the experiment were Andropogon lateralis, Axonopus affinis, Paspalum plicatulum and Paspalum notatum. Three Zn doses were added to the solution, corresponding to 2µM (original concentration of the nutrient solution), 150 and 300 µM of Zn in the form of ZnCl2 for the cultivation of the four grasses.
Results
The increase in Zn availability increased the photosynthetic rate in the four species. Andropogon lateralis increased shoot and root dry matter production with increasing Zn concentration in solution. Andropogon lateralis increased phosphorus (P) retention in the root system, contributing to the increase of Zn in the roots.
Conclusions
Axonopus affinis, Paspalum notatum, Paspalum plicatulum and Andropogon lateralis presented different values of growth rate, nutritional and photosynthetic parameters, and enzymatic activity, when cultivated in solution with Zn doses.
Do vermicompost applications improve pharmaceutically important alkaloids, growth performance, phenolic content, and defense enzyme activities in summer snowflake ( Leucojum aestivum L.)?
Authors: Cimen Ayca , Baba Yavuz , Yıldırım Arzu Birinci , Turker Arzu Ucar
Published: June 2023

Leucojum aestivum L. includes galanthamine and lycorine, which are two pharmaceutically valuable alkaloids. Vermicompost (VC), an organic waste product created by earthworms enhances soil quality and can improve the medicinal quality of the plant that is crucial to the pharmaceutical industry. Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the effects of four different VC concentrations (5%, 10%, 25%, and 50%) on L. aestivum growth parameters, alkaloid levels (galanthamine and lycorine), total phenol-flavonoid content, free radical scavenging potential, and defense enzyme activities (SOD and CAT) compared to control (no VC). Methods A 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical assay was performed for antioxidant activity. Folin-Ciocaltaeu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods were applied for the determination of total phenol and flavonoid content, respectively. Alkaloid amounts (galanthamine and lycorine) were analyzed by the HPLC-DAD system. Results The width, length, and fresh weight of the leaves were improved by 10% VC treatment. The highest total phenolic content was found in bulbs and leaves treated with 50% VC. HPLC-DAD analysis of alkaloids showed that 10% and 50% VC treatments contained the most galanthamine in the bulb and leaf extracts, respectively. The application of 25% VC was the most efficient in terms of lycorine content in both extracts. CAT activity was elevated at 10%, 25%, and 50% VC. Conclusions Based on the growth performance and galanthamine content of the bulbs and leaves, it can be concluded that a 10% VC application was the most effective in the cultivation of L. aestivum.
Adaptive Coati Deep Convolutional Neural Network-based Oral Cancer Diagnosis in Histopathological Images for Clinical Applications
Authors: R Dharani
Published: June 2023

Oral cancer is common cancer that appears in the mouth, posing a significant threat to public health due to its high mortality rate. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent type of oral cancer, accounting for most cases, and it holds the seventh position among all types of cancers worldwide. Detecting OSCC early on is crucial to increase the chances of successful treatment and improve patients' survival rates. However, traditional diagnosis methods such as biopsy, where small tissue samples are extracted from the affected area and tested under a microscope, are time-consuming and require expert analysis. Moreover, due to the heterogeneity of OSCC, accurate diagnosis is challenging, and there is a need for alternative approaches to enhance the detection result of OSCC images. Therefore, this work develops two new approaches for segmenting and identifying OSCC with deep learning techniques named Mask Mean Shift CNN, named MMShift-CNN. The proposed MMShift-CNN approach attained the highest results in segmenting the OSCC region from the input image by retrieving color, texture, and shape features. The novel proposed method attained better performance with accuracy, F-measure, MSE, precision, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.9883, 0.9883, 0.0117, 0.999, 0.9867, and 0.99, respectively. These results reveal the efficiency of the proposed approach in accurately detecting oral cancer and potentially improving the efficiency of oral cancer diagnosis.
Patients’ experiences undergoing breast evaluation in Rwanda’s Women’s Cancer Early Detection Program
Authors: Pace Lydia , Fata Amanda , Cubaka Vincent K , Nsemgiyumva Theophile , Uwihaye Jean de Dieu , Stauber Catherine , Dusengimana Jean-Marie Vianney , Bhangdia Kayleigh , Shulman Lawrence N. , Revette Anna , Hagenimana Marc , Uwinkindi Francois , Rwamuza Enock
Published: June 2023

Purpose
There is urgent need for interventions to facilitate earlier diagnosis of breast cancer in low- and middle-income countries where mammography screening is not widely available. Understanding patients’ experiences with early detection efforts, whether they are ultimately diagnosed with cancer or benign disease, is critical to optimize interventions and maximize community engagement. We sought to understand the experiences of patients undergoing breast evaluation in Rwanda’s Women’s Cancer Early Detection Program (WCEDP).
Methods
We conducted in-person semi-structured interviews with 30 patients in two districts of Rwanda participating in the WCEDP. Patients represented a range of ages and both benign and malignant diagnoses. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, translated, and thematically analyzed.
Results
Participants identified facilitators and barriers of timely care along the breast evaluation pathway. Community awareness initiatives were facilitators to care-seeking, while persistent myths and stigma about cancer were barriers. Participants valued clear clinician-patient communication and emotional support from clinicians and peers. Poverty was a major barrier for participants who described difficulty paying for transport, insurance premiums, and other direct and indirect costs of hospital referrals in particular. COVID-19 lockdowns caused delays for referred patients. Although false-positive clinical breast exams conferred financial and emotional burdens, participants nonetheless voiced appreciation for their experience and felt empowered to monitor their own breast health and share knowledge with others.
Conclusion
Rwandan women experienced both benefits and burdens as they underwent breast evaluation. Enthusiasm for participation was not reduced by the experience of a false positive result. Reducing financial, logistical and emotional burdens of the breast diagnostic pathway through patient navigation, peer support and decentralization of diagnostic services could improve patients’ experience.
Psychosocial Assessment Practices for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A National Survey Study
Authors: Wiener Lori , Sannes Timothy , Randall Jill , Lahijani Sheila , Applebaum Allison , Gray Tamryn , McAndrew Natalie , Brewer Benjamin , Amonoo Hermioni
Published: June 2023

Psychosocial health predicts and contributes to medical outcomes for patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Yet, there are no standards for psychosocial assessments or support for both patients and caregivers across the care continuum. To examine the current state of psychosocial care, clinicians were sent a survey of their psychosocial assessment practices for patients and caregivers undergoing HSCT via the Listservs of professional organizations. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses were performed to summarize the findings. While 96% of participants reported routine pre-HSCT psychosocial assessment of patients, only 10.6% routinely used a validated transplant risk-assessment measure. Just 27% routinely performed follow-up psychosocial assessments. In contrast, only 47% of participants routinely assessed the psychosocial needs of family caregivers pre-HSCT, and 13% routinely performed follow-up assessments for caregivers. Most (90%) reported social workers were the primary providers of assessments. While patient-report measures were used for evaluation, the majority of assessments were clinical interviews. No significant differences were found between programs that treated adult and pediatric patients versus those only treating adult patients. Our findings highlight the lack of standard psychosocial practices for patients and family caregivers undergoing HSCT and we offer recommendations to fill this gap.
The effect of Froriepia subpinnata on the performance, carcass characteristics, blood parameters, immune system, microbial population, intestinal morphology, and breast meat fatty acid content of broiler chickens
Authors: Rostampour Babak , Chamani Mohammad , Seidavi Alireza , Zarei Abolfazl , Karimi Naser
Published: June 2023

The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of F. subpinnatapowder (FSP) on performance, carcass characteristics, blood parameters, immune system, microbial population, intestinal morphology, and percentage of fatty acids in the breast meat of broiler chickens. To conduct the experiment, 300 day-old male chickens from the ROSS 308 strain were used in the form of a completely random design with 4 treatments and 5 replicates, with each replicate containing 15 chickens. The experimental treatments were, respectively: 1) control with base diet (without additives), 2) base diet + 1% FSP, 3) base diet + 2% FSP, and 4) base diet + 3% FSP. The results showed that the feed intake and weight gain increased in the treatments containing 2% and 3% FSP when compared to the control (P<0.05). Cholesterol and ALT levels in the treatment containing 3% FSP were lower that the control (P<0.05), while the concentration of glutathione peroxidase enzyme in the treatment containing 3% FSP significantly increased (P<0.05). Thymus weight and antibodies produced against AIV in all three levels of FSP increased significantly compared to the control (P<0.05). The population of lactobacilli and coliforms in the treatments containing FSP increased and decreased significantly compared to the control (P<0.05). The length and width of the intestinal villi of the chickens that were fed with 3% of FSP had a significant increase compared to the control (P<0.05). The percentage of saturated fatty acids in the breast decreased significantly with the consumption of all three levels of FSP (P<0.001). In general, the results showed that the use of 3% FSP in the broiler diet increased the efficiency of growth performance and enzyme activity, while strengthening the immune system, favourably altering the intestinal microbial population, and reducing the fat in breast meat.
Association and causal impact of TERT genetic variants on peripheral blood leukocyte telomere length and cerebral small vessel disease risk in a Chinese Han population: a Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Song Ying , Xu Jialiang , Geng Wanru , Yin Long , Wang Jialu , Zhao Jiuhan
Published: June 2023

Background
Previous observational studies have highlighted potential relationships between the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene, short leukocyte telomere length (LTL), and cerebrovascular disease. However, it remains to be established as to whether TERT gene variants are associated with an elevated risk of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), and whether there is a causal relationship between LTL and CSVD.
Methods
Five TERT single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed in 307 CSVD patients and 320 healthy controls in whom LTL values were quantified. Allele models and four genetic models were used to explore the relationship between these SNP genotypes and CSVD risk. A Mendelian randomization analysis of CSVD risk was then performed using LTL-related SNPs and the polygenic risk score (PRS) constructed from these SNPs as genetic instrumental variables to predict the causal relationship between LTL and CSVD risk.
Results
Model association analyses identified two SNPs that were significantly associated with CSVD risk. LTL was significantly correlated with age (P < 0.001), and the MR analysis revealed an association between short LTL and an elevated risk of CSVD. PRS-based genetic prediction of short LTLs was also significantly related to an elevated CSVD risk.
Conclusion
Multiple genetic models and MR results indicate that TERT gene SNPs may be related to an elevated risk of CSVD, and that shorter LTL may be causally linked to such CSVD risk.
Frequency of Social Withdrawal and Avoidance Behaviour in the Global South: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mahadevan Sangeetha , Shamli Siham Al , Kharusi Nutaila Al , Sumri Hana Al , Ajmi Tahara Al , Chan Moon Fai , Abdali Hiba Al , Busaidi Saoud Al , Sibani Nasser Al , Adawi Samir Al
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND: Social withdrawal and avoidance (SWA) have been studied extensively. However, there is a lack of research on the subtypes of SWA in the Global South. The present review aimed to investigate how common SWA is in the Global South.
METHODS: Adhering to the standards of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and included all articles that were published or in the press as of August 1, 2022. Once the evaluation of the articles was completed using the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, the random–effects model was used to estimate the prevalence of social anxiety disorders using specific diagnostic tools.
RESULTS: The meta-analysis included 29 articles on the only subtype of SWA that yielded the most meaningful results: social anxiety disorders (SADs). Social Phobia Inventory (n= 7669), the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (n=7352), Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders scale (n= 1178) and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (n= 7777) indicated a pooled prevalence rate of 24.79% (95% CI: 20.46% - 29.39%), 24.60% (95% CI 16.65% -33.52%), 17.15% (95% CI: 11.78%–23.29%) and 10.77% (95% CI: 5.31%–17.87%), respectively. The pooled prevalence of SADs assessed using a semi-structured interview yielded a prevalence estimate of 5.84% (n = 3951).
LIMITATION: The lack of studies on other types of SWA.
CONCLUSION: The present critical evaluation in the global south found studies with data on SAD. Future research in the global south would need to work to improve the availability and quality of studies reporting on the SWA spectrum.
Microkinetic Study of Syngas Conversion to Dimethyl Ether over a Bifunctional Catalyst: CZA/FER
Authors: Cho Jiyeong , Park Jongmin , Bae Jong Wook , Park Myung-June , Na Jonggeol , Lee Won Bo
Published: June 2023

Dimethyl ether (DME) is an environmentally friendly fuel and economical compound that can be synthesized through methanol (MeOH) dehydration or direct synthesis from syngas via the water-gas shift reaction. Catalysts such as CZA for syngas conversion to MeOH and zeolites or γ-Al2O3 for MeOH dehydration are necessary for these reactions. A hybrid catalyst, CZA/FER, can be used to directly convert syngas into DME via MeOH. While previous studies have developed kinetic models for these catalytic reaction systems using lumped or microkinetic models, differences in describing elementary reactions have led to variations in detail. In this study, we developed a microkinetic model for DME synthesis from syngas via MeOH over a CZA/FER hybrid bifunctional catalyst. We considered detailed reaction rates and site fractions to determine the dominance of DME synthesis path between the associative and dissociative paths. The model is based on a two-site fraction model for each catalyst, with 28 reactions over CZA and nine reactions over FER. Reaction parameters were determined using transition state theory (TST) and the UBI-QEP method for CZA and the second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) for FER The pre-exponential factors of Arrhenius rate constants were estimated with experimental data at 250 ℃, which supported the model's accuracy. Our results showed that the associative pathway is dominant for DME synthesis over a CZA/FER hybrid catalyst, which differs from our previous research on microkinetic modeling for MeOH dehydration to DME over a FER zeolite. We also suggest an operating condition range for converting CO2 in the feed. We compare the relative reaction rates of elementary reactions and site fractions in each catalyst to enhance the understanding of the catalytic reaction system.
Determination of frequency of Type 2 deiodinase Thr92Ala polymorphism (rs225014) in 131I-treated differentiated thyroid cancer patients undertaking L-Thyroxine (L-T4) suppression therapy.
Authors: Gawandi Smita , J Kumarasamy , Kulkarni Savita
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Type 2 deiodinase (DIO2) enzyme plays vital role in peripheral T4 to T3 conversion and regulation of TSH secretion. rs225014 is a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) which is known to reduce DIO2 activity. The differentiated thyroid cancer patients (DTC) are given L-T4 therapy after total thyroidectomy and 131I-treatment to suppress TSH levels. This study was undertaken to determine the frequency of rs225014 in DTC patients and its effect on the thyroid function parameters and L-T4 dose.
Methods: The study included DTC patients undertaking L-T4 and a control group. Thyroid function tests were estimated by RIA/IRMA and rs225014 SNP was detected by PCR.
Results: The frequency of Thr/Thr (wildtype), Thr/Ala (heterozygous mutant) and Ala/Ala (homozygous mutant) genotypes in the DTC patients was 0.21, 0.52 and 0.27 respectively. There was no association between rs225014 and DTC. T3 levels and T3/T4 ratio were significantly low in the DTC patients harbouring Ala/Ala genotype which indicated impaired DIO2 catalysed T4 to T3 conversion. L-T4 dose required to suppress TSH in the DTC patients with Ala/Ala genotype was marginally higher when compared with wild type genotype.
Conclusion: The results indicated that DTC patients carrying rs225014 SNP may require higher L-T4 dose to suppress TSH levels due to impaired T4 to T3 conversion in the absence of any other compensatory mechanisms. The screening for rs225014 in the DTC patients showing reduced response to TSH suppression would enable quicker decision-making in the implementation of personalized L-T4 dose and save the patients from development of any adverse effects.
Application of 3D scanner to measure physical size and improvement of hip brace manufacturing technology in severe cerebral palsy patients
Authors: Kim Jung-Min , Lim Ji-Woon , Choi Sun-Young , Rhim Sung-Han , Beom Jaewon , Ryu Ju-Seok
Published: June 2023

This prospective pilot study aimed to develop a personalized hip brace for treating hip subluxation in children with cerebral palsy. Nineteen children, aged 1 to 15, with severe cerebral palsy participated in the study. Customized hip braces were created based on 3D scanner measurements and worn for seven days. The primary outcome, Hip Migration Index (MI), and secondary outcomes, including range of motion (ROM) in the hip and knee joints, pain intensity, satisfaction, discomfort scores, CPCHILD, and wearability test, were assessed. The MI and ROM were assessed at screening and at Visit 1 (when the new hip brace was first worn), while other indicators were evaluated at screening, Visit 1, and Visit 2 (seven days after wearing the new hip brace). The study demonstrated significant improvements in the MI for the right hip, left hip, and both sides. However, there were no statistically significant differences in hip and knee joint ROM. Other indicators showed significant changes between screening, Visit 1, and Visit 2. The study suggests that customized hip braces effectively achieved immediate correction, positively impacting the quality of life and satisfaction in children with cerebral palsy. Furthermore, the braces have the potential to enhance compliance and prevent hip subluxation.
Analysis of image data from the EuroNet PHL-C2 trial indicates a potential reduction in injected F-18 FDG activities in children: A proposal to update the EANM Paediatric Dosage Card
Authors: Tran-Gia Johannes , Eberlein Uta , Lassmann Michael , Mauz-Körholz Christine , Körholz Dieter , Zuccetta Pietro , Bar-Sever Zvi , Rosner Ute , Georgi Thomas Walter , Sabri Osama , Kluge Regine , Piccardo Arnoldo , Kurch Lars
Published: June 2023

Background: The aim of this work is to provide the currently missing evidence that may allow an update of the Paediatric Dosage Card provided by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) for conventional PET/CT systems.
Methods: In a total of 2,082 consecutive [18F]FDG PET scans performed within the EuroNet-PHL-C2 trial, the administered [18F]FDG activity was compared to the activity recommended by the EANM Paediatric Dosage Card. None of these scans had been rejected beforehand by the reference nuclear medicine panel of the trial because of poor image quality. For detailed quality assessment, a subset of 91 [18F]FDG PET scans, all performed in different patients at staging, was selected according to pre-defined criteria, which a) included only patients who had received substantially lower activities than those recommended by the EANM Paediatric Dosage Card, and b) included as wide a range of different PET systems and imaging parameters as possible to ensure that the conclusions drawn in this work are as generally valid as possible. The image quality of the subset was evaluated visually by two independent readers using a quality scoring system as well as analytically based on a volume-of-interest analysis in 244 lesions and the healthy liver. Finally, recommendations for an update of the EANM Paediatric Dosage Card were derived based on the available data.
Results:
The activity recommended by the EANM Paediatric Dosage Card was undercut by a median of 99.4 MBq in 1,960 [18F]FDG PET scans and exceeded by a median of 15.1 MBq in 119 scans. In the subset analysis (n=91), all image data were visually classified as clinically useful. In addition, only a very weak correlation (r = 0.06) between activity reduction and tumour-to-background ratio was found. Due to the intended heterogeneity of the dataset, the noise could not be analysed statistically sound as the high range of different imaging variables resulted in very small subsets. Finally, a suggestion for an update of the EANM Paediatric Dosage Card was developed, based on the analysis presented, resulting in a mean activity reduction by 39%.
Conclusion:
The results of this work allow for a conservative update of the EANM Paediatric Dosage Card for [18F]FDG PET/CT scans performed with conventional PET/CT systems.
Assessment of pathogen removal efficiency of vertical flow constructed wetland treating Septage
Authors: Singh Swati , Upadhyay Sweta , Rani Anju , Sharma Pradeep Kumar , Rawat Janhvi Mishra , Rawat Balwant , Kumar Prashant , Bhattacharya Prosun
Published: June 2023

A laboratory-scale Constructed Wetland (CW) system consisting of a sludge drying bed and a vertical flow wetland bed was utilized for the treatment of septage, focusing on the reduction of microbial contamination (specifically total coliforms) and helminth eggs. The system had a total area of 0.99 m2. The sludge drying bed and vertical flow bed were filled with a combination of gravel with varying sizes (ranging from 5 to 40 mm) and washed sand. Canna indica plants were cultivated on both beds to facilitate phytoremediation processes. The average inlet loads of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) were measured as 150 ± 65.7 g m-2 d-1, 713 ± 443.9 g m-2 d-1, and 309 ± 66.3 g m-2 d-1, respectively. After treatment, the final effluent had an average load of 6 g m-2 d-1 for BOD, 15 g m-2 d-1 for COD, and 51 g m-2 d-1 for TSS, indicating that the CW system achieved an average removal efficiency of 88% for BOD, 87% for COD, and 65% for TSS in the septage wastewater. The average influent load of total coliforms and helminth eggs was observed to be 4 x 108 Colony-Forming Units (CFU) m-2 d-1 and 3 x 107 eggs m-2 d-1, respectively. However, the CW system demonstrated significant effectiveness in reducing microbial contamination, with an average removal efficiency of 99% for both total coliforms and helminth eggs. As a result, the total coliform and helminth egg loads in the effluent were reduced to 9 x 105 CFU m-2 d-1 and 1.6 x 104 eggs m-2 d-1, respectively.
Effect of acupuncture combined with medication therapy on Chemotherapy-induced taste disorder: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Haoran , Song Wenjing , Zhu Luwen
Published: June 2023

Background
Chemotherapy-induced taste disorders (CITDs) are frequently reported by cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.Chemotherapy-induced taste disorder is a common adverse effect among patients with cancer,The data suggest that acupuncture or medication may improve symptoms.We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of acupuncture combined with medication in patients with Chemotherapy-induced taste disorder.
Methods
The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, China Knowledge Network, China Biomedical Literature Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and the Wanfang Database will be used for data collection. The inclusion period is from the establishment of the databases till May 2023, and there are no language restrictions. All articles on the effects of acupuncture combined with medication on patients with Chemotherapy-induced taste disorder will be included. Two researchers will review the articles and extract relevant information.
Results
This study will provide a systematic overview of the current evidence regarding the use of acupuncture combined with medication in patients with Chemotherapy-induced taste disorder.
Conclusion
The results of this study will help to clarify the efficacy of acupuncture combined with medication in patients with Chemotherapy-induced taste disorder.
Immediate placement and restoration of implants combined with guided bone regeneration to rehabilitate the partially edentulous anterior mandible. A retrospective clinical study with an up to 8-year follow-up
Authors: Kolerman Roni , Rabie Hanan Abu , Sculean Anton D. , Liat Chaushu , Szmukler-Moncler Serge , Tagger-Green Nirit
Published: June 2023

Objectives: This retrospective study aimed to determine the survival and aesthetic outcomes of implants immediately placed and restored in the anterior mandible.
Materials and Methods: The study included 75 implants that were inserted along with guided bone regeneration in 42 patients. Over a follow-up period of 3 to 8 years (mean of 6.95 ± 1.78 years), the study evaluated aesthetic, marginal bone loss (MBL), and biological and prosthetic complications.
Results: No failures were recorded during the follow-up period; after eight years, the survival rate was 100%. Peri-implantitis was diagnosed in 6/29 (20.7%). Patient's age and gender did not have a statistically significant impact on MBL, but smokers had a greater MBL than non-smokers at the 8-year (2.98mm vs. 1.23mm, respectively, p = 0.016) time-point. At 3 years, only 13.3% of the implants had mesial papillae, 36.0% had distal papillae, and 16.0% had the cervical metallic part of the abutment exposed. Peri-implantitis was diagnosed in 20.7% of the patients at the 8-year follow-up time.
Conclusions: Immediate placement and restoration can be considered a feasible treatment option for replacing hopeless anterior mandibular teeth, provided that certain prerequisites are met. However, complete papillae formation may not be achieved.
Clinical relevance: Long-term evidence, on the feasibility of immediate implant placement and restoration of the mandibular incisors .
Particulate FDBA material and collagen membranes promoted successful wound healing in a trans-gingival environment. Nevertheless, complete papillae formation is not a feasible outcome.
The AL-ao379 gene plays a role in promoting the invasion stage of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus trapped by Arthrobotrys cladodes
Authors: Jia Hanqi , Wang Feng , Liu Xuefeng , Li Danlei
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND: Nematode-trapping fungi can be used to develop specialized trapping devices to trap and kill nematodes, and the use of such fungi, with high efficiency and no toxicity to the environment, as biological control agents is very promising. Moreover, an understanding of the trap formation mechanism and the discovery of key pathogenic genes can help improve the efficacy of biocontrol agents.
RESULTS: In this study, we used RNA-Seq to reveal the transcriptome characteristics of Arthrobotrys cladodes under Bursaphelenchus xylophilus induction. When many traps were observed to be produced, mycelia were collected and subjected to differential expression analysis.
Differentially expressed genes were screened. AL-ao379 was identified by BLAST analysis and cloned by PCR. The results indicated that the AL-ao379 CDS was 1206 bp and encoded 402 amino acids. The expression of the AL-ao379 gene in different trapping stages was further compared by RT‒PCR. It was verified that the expression of the chitinase gene AL-ao379 increased significantly with the approach of the invasion stage and then decreased after reaching the highest levels in the invasion and predigestion stage.
CONCLUSION: The chitinase gene AO-379 has been shown to affect the trapping responses of A. oligospora in soils, but to our knowledge, the effect of the chitinase on arboreal nematode-trapping fungi has not been previously reported. Our results demonstrated that the AL-ao379 gene was a key gene and a potential control target involved in trapping and that it was significantly expressed in invasion stages. In addition, we proposed a model of infestation mechanism of B. xylophilus trapping by arboreal nematode-trapping fungi.
Increasing trend of antibiotic resistance in Shigella in Bangladesh: a plasmid-mediated transfer of mphA macrolide resistance gene
Authors: Asad Asaduzzaman , Jahan Israt , Munni Moriam Akter , Begum Ruma , Mukta Morium Akter , Saif Kazi , Faruque Shah Nayeem , Hayat Shoma , Islam Zhahirul
Published: June 2023

Shigellosis remains a common gastrointestinal disease mostly in children <5 years of age in developing countries. Azithromycin (AZM), a macrolide, is currently the first-line treatment for shigellosis in Bangladesh; ciprofloxacin (CIP) and ceftriaxone (CRO) are also used frequently. We aimed to evaluate the current epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and mechanism(s) of increasing macrolide resistance in Shigella in Bangladesh. A total of 2407 clinical isolates of Shigella from 2009 to 2016 were studied. Over the study period, Shigella sonnei was gradually increasing and become predominant (55%) over Shigella flexneri (36%) by 2016. We used CLSI-guided epidemiological cut-off value (ECV) for AZM in Shigella to set resistance breakpoints (zone-diameter ≤ 15 mm for S. flexneri and ≤ 11 mm for S. sonnei). Between 2009 and 2016, AZM resistance increased from 22% to approximately 60%, CIP resistance increased by 40%, and CRO resistance increased from zero to 15%. The mphA gene was the key macrolide resistance factor in Shigella; a 63MDa conjugative middle-range plasmid was harboring AZM and CRO resistance factors. Our findings show that, especially after 2014, there has been a rapid increase in resistance to the three most effective antibiotics. The rapid spread of macrolide (AZM) resistance genes among Shigella are driven by horizontal gene transfer rather than direct lineage.
Resveratrol and Quercetin Protect From Benzo(a)pyrene-induced Autophagy in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
Authors: Kasikci Murat , Sen Serkan
Published: June 2023

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the role of Resveratrol (RES) and Quercetin (QR) treatments against Benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)p)-induced autophagy in retinal pigment epithelial cells.
Methods
The IC50 doses of B(a)p,RES and QR in retinal pigment epithelial cells were determined by MTT assay and the relevant agents were administered singly or in combinations to ARPE-19 cells for 24 hours. Occurrence of autophagy in the cells was verified by detection of autophagosomes under fluorescence microscope. Also, the mRNA expression levels of LC3 and Beclin 1 genes were analyzed by RT-PCR to collect further data on autophagy. Caspase-3 and IL-1β levels in lysed cells were analyzed by ELISA.
Results
Autophagosomes were detected in B(a)p-treated ARPE-19 cell lines, as well as a 1.787-fold increase in LC3 mRNA expression levels. No autophagosome occurred in RES and QR treatments, and a significant decrease in theirpercentage amounts were observed in B(a)p + RES and B(a)p + QR. The mRNA expression levels of LC3 and Beclin 1 also supported these findings.B(a)p had no effect on Caspase-3 levels in ARPE-19 cells, but combined with RES and QR, it increased Caspase-3 levels significantly.IL-1β levels were higher in B(a)p, B(a)p + QR, B(a)p + RES, RES and QR than control group. This rise in IL-1β levels was correlated with suppression of mRNA expression levels of Beclin 1.
Conclusion
B(a)p exposure caused autophagy in ARPE-19 cells, but did not induce apoptosis. RES and QR treatmentsprevented B(a)p-induced autophagy. Therefore, RES and QR treatments showedprotective effect against potential degenerative diseases caused by chronic exposure to B(a)p.