bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Milli-Arcsecond Proper Motions in the Pleiades
Authors: Schilbach E. , Guibert J. , Souchay J.
Published: February 2019

As a first step in our open cluster programme, a preliminary catalogue of
proper motions and photographic B, V magnitudes for stars up to 18 mag within a
region centred near Alcyone is presented. The catalogue is based on MAMA
measurements of plates taken with the Tautenburg Schmidt telescope. A preliminary
survey includes approx. 20,000 stars and covers a total field of about 9 square
degrees. For stars brighter than B = 18 mag an accuracy of 0.05 mag and 2.5
mas/year has been estimated for photometric data and proper motions, respectively.
The results of the determination of the Pleiades membership up to magnitude 18 are
presented
Objective-Prism Surveys of the Galaxy
Authors: Kurtanidze O. , Nikolashvili M.
Published: February 2019

The main sources of data for low dispersion objective-prism surveys of the
Milky Way undertaken in the last fifteen years for the study of the distribution
of late type stars, namely M and C stars, are summarized in Table 1.
Observations of OB Stellar Associations by the Space Telescope Glazar
Authors: Tovmassian H.M. , Hovhannessian R. Kh. , Epremian R.A. , Huguenin D.
Published: February 2019

Observations in the directions of about a dozen OB stellar associations have
been carried out with the UV space telescope Glazar,
which has been functioning at the Mir Space Station
since 1987.
The Binaries-in-Clusters Program in the Age of Imaging
Authors: Milone E.F. , McVean J.R. , Lu W. , Schiller S. J. , Miller G.
Published: February 2019

The binaries-in-clusters program of the Rothney Astrophysical Observatory has
targeted eclipsing binaries in galactic star clusters since 1975. The program uses
a boot strap method: fundamental star data are obtained from light curve analysis
and these data then elucidate the properties of the cluster environment, such as
the distance, reddening, and, through isochrone fittings, information about the
age and evolution of both binary components and the cluster as a whole. Here we
discuss its current status and the increasingly important role of all-cluster
direct and spectroscopic imaging.
First Observations by the Bonn Wide-Field Photometer and Polarimeter (WWFPP):
Surface Polarimetry of the Crab Nebula
Authors: Leiber Th. , Reif K.
Published: February 2019

To test the performance of the WWFPP in polarimetric mode, we performed
surface polarimetry of the Crab nebula in February 1993 using the Asiago 1.82 m
telescope of the ‘Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova’. The polarimeter is a new
design and enables us to do simultaneous wide-field polarimetry (15 × 15 arcmin
field with 0.43 arcsec/pixel) of four polarization angles using a twin Wollaston
prism or simultaneous polarimetry of two angles using a double wedge plate with
orthogonal sheet polarizers in combination with an achromatic half wave plate. For
the observations described here we used the twin Wollaston. The advantages of this
design are independency of fluctuations of atmospheric transmission and identical
seeing for one set of Stokes parameters. The results of the observations are in
agreement with results of other investigators who performed surface polarimetry of
the Crab Nebula.
CCD Imaging of Nearby Aged Planetary Nebulae
Authors: Papamastorakis J. , Xilouris K.M. , Paleologou E.V.
Published: February 2019

We present results from narrow band CCD images in Hα + [N II] and [O III] of
very faint, nearby (less than 0.5 kpc) planetary nebulae
(PNe), of large angular extent.

The instrumental set up used (Mount Skinakas Wide Field Camera) is capable of
detecting structures of large angular extent as faint as
10−17 ergs sec−1
cm−2 arcsec−2.

New faint structures are revealed mostly at large distances from the
suspected central star of the PNe studied. These structures are atypical of the
PNe population and hard to reconcile with the interacting stellar wind
evolutionary scenario. They are rather reminiscent of the interaction of the
former Red Giant Envelope with the ambient Interstellar Medium.

The characteristics of this aged sample are
asymmetric emission distribution, displacement of the central star, extremely low
expansion velocities, concentrations along the stellar motion, with the [O III]
emission amorphous and confined close to the center of the PN while the Hα + [N
II] emission is structured and more extended.
New Results on the Magellanic Clouds
Authors: Hatzidimitriou D.
Published: February 2019

Recent results on global properties of the Magellanic Clouds are reviewed,
with particular emphasis on the impact of wide-field techniques on their study.
The subjects discussed include large-scale surveys of different tracers of
intermediate age and old populations in the Clouds and new data on their chemical
evolution, kinematics and spatial motion.
Surveys for Field Carbon Stars in the Magellanic Clouds
Authors: Azzopardi M. , Rebeirot E. , Westerlund B.E.
Published: February 2019

The Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stage is the normal luminous phase of
evolution of intermediate-mass stars (slightly less than 1
M
⊙ up to very roughly 3 M
⊙) and therefore the AGB stars play a noteworthy role in our
understanding of the chemical evolution of galactic systems. Furthermore it is now
generally accepted that the ratio of carbon (C) stars to late-type M giant stars
can be used to estimate the mean metallicity of the stellar population of a
system, or the change in metallicity from the inner to the outer parts of a
galaxy. It is for these reasons among others that red giant stars have been
searched for in nearby local group galaxies, principally in our nearest
neighbours, the Magellanic Clouds and the dwarf spheroidal galaxies. This paper
will be particularly devoted to the slitless spectroscopy surveys for carbon stars
in the Magellanic Clouds.
Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies
Authors: Eskridge P.B.
Published: February 2019

Dwarf Spheroidal (dSph) galaxies are the faintest baryonic systems recognized
as galaxies. Understanding the structure and stellar populations of these systems
is critical for the modelling of their formation and evolution, and by extension,
for understanding the general problem of galaxy formation and evolution. Further,
as dSphs are the only available probes of the distant halo of the Galaxy,
understanding their structure is a crucial step in the study of the gravitational
potential of the halo and the mass of the Galaxy. I will not attempt to review
fully all current topics of dSph research. Instead, I will concentrate
specifically on those issues that are directly related (as I see it) to the
overall topic of wide-field imaging. Recent reviews covering other aspects of dSph
research have been written by DaCosta (1988, 1992) and Pryor (1992).
Absolute Proper Motions of the Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies in Draco and Ursa
Minor
Authors: Scholz R.-D. , Irwin M.J.
Published: February 2019

Palomar and Tautenburg Schmidt plates with a base line of about 35 years have
been measured with the Automated Photographic Measuring (APM) system in Cambridge
(UK) in order to obtain the proper motions of the Galactic dwarf spheroidal
satellites (dSph) in Draco and Ursa Minor with respect to a well defined
extragalactic reference frame. The investigations were encouraged by the accuracy
level achieved for the mean absolute proper motions of galactic globular clusters
(0.05 arcsec/century from 25 years base line Tautenburg plate pairs) which is
comparable to the expected proper motion of the Draco and Ursa Minor dSph assuming
tangential motions of about 100 km/s. Different methods for the removal of
systematic errors in the absolute proper motion introduced by the measuring and
reduction process are discussed. The more accurate relative proper motions of
individual stars in both dSphs obtained by Stetson (1980) and by Cudworth,
Olszewski & Schommer (1986) provide an external comparison and are also
used to obtain the mean absolute proper motion of the dSphs.
Interacting Galaxies in the Virgo Cluster
Authors: Malin D.
Published: February 2019

The galaxies of the Virgo cluster have been observed extensively as members
of one of the nearest moderately rich cluster. In view of the proximity of cluster
members one to another, it might be expected that a significant fraction would be
seen to be interacting with their neighbours, but simple inspection of deep plates
of the cluster suggests otherwise. It is the intention in this note to show that a
much higher number of apparent optical pairs are in fact involved in interactions
but that this does not become apparent until special techniques are applied to
reveal the faintest features on already deep photographs.
Luminosity Function and Spatial Distribution of Nearby Galaxies
Authors: Schmidt K.-H. , Boller T.
Published: February 2019

The investigation of environmental effects is a topic of high priority in
current extragalactic research. In this connection, the study of neighbouring
galaxies will result in characteristic properties of a low-density sample of
extragalactic systems which may be used for comparison with other samples, with
clusters of galaxies, for instance. The advantage of nearby galaxies is that they
allow us to obtain an almost complete sample down to low-luminous objects because
of their small distances.
Dust in Nearby Dwarf Galaxies
Authors: Schmidt K.-H. , Boller T.
Published: February 2019

The aim of the present paper is to look for the gas-to-dust ratio in
different types of galaxies and for a correlation between this ratio and the
metallicity in dwarf galaxies. The recent compilation of data on nearby galaxies
by Schmidt & Boller (1992, hereinafter SB) including HI and dust masses
from IRAS data is used to estimate the gas-to-dust ratio in galaxies of a
volume-limited sample.
UBV Photometry in the Group of Galaxies NGC 2805, NGC 2814, NGC 2820 and MKN
108
Authors: Artamonov B.P.
Published: February 2019

Some photographic plates (resolution ∼ ) of the galaxies
NGC 2805, NGC 2814, NGC 2820 and Mkn 108 from the Group Holmberg 124 were obtained
with the 1-meter Ritchey-Chrétien (RC) Zeiss telescope of Maidanak Observatory.
These plates were scanned with the PDS microdensitometer of Tartu Observatory,
Estonia. Artamonov et al. (1993) have discussed in detail the calibration and
image processing of the observed galaxies.
Surface Photometry of Galaxies in the Pisces-Perseus Region
Authors: Watanabe M. , Ichikawa T. , Fukugita M. , Tarusawa K. , Okamura S.
Published: February 2019

We have obtained B-band photographic surface
photometry of ∼ 2000 galaxies in the Pisces-Perseus region. Combining these
photometry data with redshift and HI 21 cm line-width data for spiral galaxies in
the region, we have studied the Hubble constant and large-scale peculiar motions.
Taking biases into account quantitatively we obtain H
0 = 80 ±9+17
−22 km/s−1Mpc−1.
The prevalent infalling motion in the region is found to be still controversial if
the biases are carefully considered.
A Survey for Ultraviolet-Excess Galaxies by the Kiso Schmidt Telescope
Authors: Takase B. , Miyauchi-Isobe N.
Published: February 2019

We have detected 8,968 ultraviolet-excess galaxies in a sky area of some
5,100 square degrees by means of the UGR three-image photographs with the 105 cm
Kiso Schmidt, giving a number density of 1.8 per square degree. A net count of the
objects is 8,162, deleting those which appear repeatedly in the neighbouring
survey area. For each of these galaxies which we call KUGs, data including
morphological type and UV-excess degree are listed in a catalogue series of 18
volumes. Some statistics of these KUGs are also given in the last volume.
Photometry of Hickson Compact Group N.90
Authors: Longo G. , Lorenz H. , Richter G. , Busarello G.
Published: February 2019

Deep CCD photometry and kinematical observations can be used to constrain the
dynamical status of compact groups of galaxies. In the case of Hickson 90 the main
interaction is taking place between NGC 7174 and NGC 7173 while NGC 7176 appears
to be virtually undisturbed.
Observational Properties of the Shakhbazian Groups SHKH 30 and SHKH
360
Authors: Tiersch H. , Oleak H. , Stoll D. , Böhringer H.
Published: February 2019

X-ray emission has been detected from 12 compact groups of galaxies of the
Shakhbazian catalogue (out of 27 investigated groups) with the ROSAT PSPC all-sky
survey. The groups Shkh 30 (Shakhbazian 1973) and Shkh 360 (Petrosian 1978) are
presented here (Figs. 1 and 2).
The Photometric and Geometric Parameters of Galaxies in Clusters a 1983,
2065
Authors: Kurtanidze O.
Published: February 2019

In the last decade quite a large number of clusters of galaxies have been
studied photometrically. Extensive investigations have been carried out by Oemler
(1974), MacGillivray et al. (1976), Dressler (1978), Godwin & Peach
(1977), Hoffman & Crane (1977), Couch & Newell (1984), Butcher
& Oemler (1985), Butcher, Oemler & Wells (1983) and others in
order to reveal global photometric properties of clusters.
Optical Identification of Rosat All-Sky Survey Galaxy Cluster
Candidates
Authors: McLean B.J. , Böhringer H. , Burg R. , Giacconi R. , Huchra J.P. , Voges W.
Published: February 2019

Clusters of galaxies are used to study large scale structure and evolution in
the universe. The luminosity functions of clusters can be used to investigate
their evolutionary effects while their spatial and angular correlation functions
are a measure of large-scale clustering. There are, however, many problems with
the traditional cluster catalogues that were derived by visual inspection of plate
material. The widely used Abell catalogue (Abell 1958) has been shown to have
significant problems in homogeneity and completeness (Postman et al.
1986).
Mapping the Large-Scale Structure
Authors: de Lapparent V.
Published: February 2019

The nearby galaxy distribution suggests a remarkable structure in which large
voids are delineated by dense walls of galaxies in a cell-like pattern. The nearby
voids range in diameter from ∼ 10 to ∼
50h−

1 Mpc. Deeper surveys appear to be consistent with the nearby
distribution and show no evidence of voids larger than ∼
100h
−1 ∗ Mpc. We might thus have reached the scale where the
universe becomes homogeneous. The size of the largest inhomogeneities in the
galaxy distribution is an important issue because it can put tight constraints on
the theoretical models when confronted by the high degree of isotropy of the
microwave background radiation.

Comparison of the various existing redshift surveys emphasizes the need for
systematic redshift surveys over significant areas of the sky out to intermediate
and large distances. Although deep pencil-beam surveys are best suited for probing
a large number of voids and walls, understanding the nature of the intercepted
peaks and valleys in terms of large-scale structure requires that the angular
coverage of the surveys be larger than the galaxy auto-correlation length. If this
condition is not satisfied, the size of the voids and the density contrast of the
walls can be overestimated.
A Redshift Survey in the South Galactic Pole Region
Authors: Vettolani G. , Zucca E. , Cappi A. , Merighi R. , Mignoli M. , Stirpe G. , Zamorani G. , Collins C. , Macgillivray H. , Balkowski C. , Alimi J.M. , Blanchard A. , Cayatte V. , Felenbok P. , Maurogordato S. , Proust D. , Chincarini G. , Guzzo L. , Maccagni D. , Scaramella R. , Ramella M.
Published: February 2019

We present preliminary results of a galaxy redshift survey we are
accomplishing as an ESO Key Project over about 40 square degrees in a region near
the South Galactic Pole, to a limiting magnitude
bJ
= 19.4. Up to now ∼ 50% of the survey has been completed, providing
about 2000 galaxy redshifts.
Slitless Spectroscopy by Photographic and CCD Detectors Across Large
Fields
Authors: Comte G. , Surace C.
Published: February 2019

We present a new survey of emission line galaxies, performed with the ESO 1 m
Schmidt telescope equipped with the 4° objective prism using IIIa-J photographic
emulsion. The plates are digitized with the MAMA microdensitometer. A subsequent
reduction of the block scans gives redshifts with a mean accuracy of 160
km/s−1, and spectrophotometric measurements of the
intensity and equivalent widths of the principal emission lines. A brief
discussion is given of the possible extension of quantitative reduction of
slitless spectroscopy to archive plates and future large CCD array
frames.
Quasar Variability from Microlensing
Authors: Hawkins M.R.S.
Published: February 2019

Over the past 17 years a large scale quasar monitoring programme has been
underway at the Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, using COSMOS measures of a long
sequence of plates from the UK 1.2 m Schmidt telescope in Australia. 3 or 4 plates
were taken each year, and quasar candidates were selected solely on the basis of
variability, with a minimum amplitude of 0.35 mag. over the 17 years of the
survey. Of the 1000 or so quasars detected in this way, redshifts were available
for about 300, which formed the sample to be investigated. Inspection of the light
curves suggested a typical timescale of variation of around 5 to 10 years. To
investigate the cause of variability, the timescales of subsamples were measured
using the timevarying autocorrelation function (ACF).
Systematic Search for Quasar Candidates Using the Mama
Microdensitometer
Authors: Moreau O. , Gosset E. , Reboul H. , Vanderriest C.
Published: February 2019

Increasing the density of known quasars in wide fields is of great interest,
especially in the frame of the search for a possible very-large-scale structuring
of the Universe. We report here on the status of two photographic systematic
surveys for quasar candidates that we are conducting.
An Overview of Wide Field Imaging
Authors: Trimble V.
Published: February 2019

Wide field imaging can be subdivided in terms of wavelengths, the kinds of
emission sought, data types, richness of field, detector types, astronomical
objects to be investigated, and probably other ways. These are surveyed with
special reference to the talks given in Potsdam, ending with a handful of issues
about which disagreement, or at least discussion, persists.

Wide field can mean many things. V. Lipovetsky defined it as imaging with
107–8 elements or pixels per field. There are other
possibilities. For neutrinos, gravitational radiation, cosmic rays, and (some
kinds of) gamma rays, the whole sky is a single (very wide) field. At the other
extreme, the HST ‘wide field’ camera covers about 2′ and needs nearly 4 ×
107 exposures to survey the sky. In between, the POSS and
ESO/SERC Schmidt plates see 6° at a gulp, interestingly similar to the roughly 6°
sharp central cone of human vision (you can test this by holding a book at a
measured distance from your face and counting how many times your eyes jump in
reading a line).
Speaking truth to power: political advisers’ and civil servants’ responses to perceived harmful policy proposals
Authors: Niklasson Birgitta , Christiansen Peter Munk , Öhberg Patrik
Published: February 2019

How are civil servants and politically appointed advisers likely to respond to policy proposals that they believe will harm their countries severely even if they are legal? Based on the different loyalties and roles of political advisors (PA) and civil servants (CS), we hypothesise that (1) PAs are more likely to voice internally, (2) CSs are more likely to voice externally and (3) CSs in functionally politicised systems are more likely to stay silent. These hypotheses are tested on – and partially supported by – data collected through two surveys directed to the ministerial staffs in Denmark and Sweden. PAs are more likely to voice internally, but none of the two groups is particularly keen to voice externally. The propensity to voice concerns in case of perceived harmful policy proposals depends on the kind as well as the level of politicisation.
What is the economic concept of choice? An experimental philosophy study
Authors: Nagatsu Michiru , Põder Kaire
Published: February 2019

Economists and philosophers disagree about the concept of choice used in economics. Some behavioural economists argue that economic models of choice will improve as they become more and more psychologically realistic. Don Ross argues that this argument fails because its hidden assumption – that the economic concept of choice is the same as the psychological counterpart – is false. Ross conjectures that the economic concept of choice concerns a population-scale pattern of behavioural changes in response to incentives. We conduct a survey experiment to test two predictions that Ross’s conjecture generates. The statistical analysis of our data confirms our predictions, although with some qualifications. In interpreting our results, we distinguish two versions of commonsensible realism, strong and weak, and propose the weak one as a plausible explanation of our results. Weak commonsensible realism also produces further testable hypotheses. Some methodological implications of our study are discussed.
Maritime Cyber Risk Management: An Experimental Ship Assessment
Authors: Svilicic Boris , Kamahara Junzo , Rooks Matthew , Yano Yoshiji
Published: February 2019

The maritime transport industry is increasingly reliant on computing and communication technologies, and the need for cyber risk management of critical systems and assets on vessels is becoming critically important. In this paper, a comprehensive cyber risk assessment of a ship is presented. An experimental process consisting of assessment preparation activities, assessment conduct and results communication has been developed. The assessment conduct relies on a survey developed and performed by interviewing a ship's crew. Computational vulnerability scanning of the ship's Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) is introduced as a specific part of this cyber security assessment. The assessment process presented has been experimentally tested by evaluating the cyber security level of Kobe University's training ship Fukae-maru. For computational vulnerability scanning, an industry-leading software tool has been used, and a quantitative cyber risk analysis has been conducted to evaluate cyber risks on the ship.
GREEN TRANSITIONS AND THE PREVENTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS: MARKET-BASED VS. COMMAND-AND-CONTROL POLICIES
Authors: Lamperti Francesco , Napoletano Mauro , Roventini Andrea
Published: February 2019

The paper compares the effects of market-based (M-B) and command-and-control (C&C) climate policies on the direction of technical change and the prevention of environmental disasters. Drawing on a model of endogenous growth and directed technical change, we show that M-B policies (carbon taxes and subsidies toward clean sectors) suffer from path dependence and exhibit bounded window of opportunities: delays in their implementation make them ineffective both in redirecting technical change, (i.e. triggering a transition toward clean energy) and in avoiding environmental catastrophes. On the contrary, we find that C&C interventions are favored by path dependence and guarantee policy effectiveness irrespectively of the timing of their introduction. As the hypothesis of path dependence in technological change has received vast empirical support and it is a key feature of many models of growth, we argue that C&C policies should be seen as a valuable and non-equivalent alternative to M-B interventions.
Food insecurity, psychosocial health and academic performance among college and university students in Georgia, USA
Authors: Raskind Ilana G , Haardörfer Regine , Berg Carla J
Published: February 2019

Objective

To examine whether psychosocial health mediates the association between food insecurity and grade point average (GPA) among college and university students.

Design

Data for the present study are from a longitudinal cohort study. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the proposed mediation hypothesis. Food insecurity was measured using the US Department of Agriculture’s Six-Item Short Form. Psychosocial health was operationalized as a latent factor with three indicators: depression, anxiety and hope. Validated scales were used to measure each indicator. GPA was self-reported.

Setting

Seven colleges and universities in Georgia, USA.

Participants

Students aged 18–25 years were recruited via email and surveyed every four months over a two-year period (analyticn2377).

Results

Approximately 29 % of students were food insecure. In the final SEM, food insecurity was associated (standardizedβ,se) with poorer psychosocial health (0·22, 0·03,P<0·0001) and poorer psychosocial health was associated with a lower GPA (−0·21, 0·03,P<0·0001). The indirect effect of food security status on GPA, as mediated by psychosocial health, was significant (−0·05, 0·01,P<0·0001) and accounted for 73 % of the total effect. After accounting for psychosocial health, the direct effect of food security status on GPA was not significant (−0·02, 0·02,P=0·43).

Conclusions

Psychosocial health may be an important mechanism through which food insecurity affects academic performance among college and university students. Multicomponent interventions that address immediate food security needs as well as co-occurring mental health and academic concerns are needed to ensure student success.
Atmen im Schlaf – nicht immer leicht gemacht
Authors: Trachsel Daniel , Datta Alexandre N.
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung. Rund jedes zehnte Kind schnarcht habituell, etwa ein Viertel davon hat ein obstruktives Schlafapnoesyndrom (OSAS). Während ein OSAS aufgrund der negativen Auswirkungen auf das Verhalten und die kognitive Entwicklung als ernstzunehmendes medizinisches Problem auch im Kindesalter mittlerweile anerkannt ist, bleibt die gesundheitliche Bedeutung des habituellen Schnarchens kontrovers. Schlafassoziierte obstruktive Ventilationsstörungen bleiben im Kindesalter unterschätzt und unterdiagnostiziert, u.a. aufgrund der gegenüber Erwachsenen variableren Klinik. Dies trifft besonders zu auf Kinder mit syndromalen Erkrankungen wie beispielsweise einer Trisomie 21. In dieser Übersicht werden die essenziellen Wissenspunkte dargestellt.
Evidence for the Influence of Social Dominance Orientation and	Intergroup Relations on the Stigma of Schizophrenia
Authors: Lampropoulos Dimitrios , Troïan Jais , D’Amico Céline , Bentata Lise , Apostolidis Thémis
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The stigma of schizophrenia is an intergroup phenomenon associated with issues of social power. We consider that the concept of stigma power should be extended to include intergroup relations that go beyond the aspect of the relation between “schizophrenic” and “normal.” With the present study, we intend to demonstrate that perceivers hold more stigmatizing attitudes toward a person with schizophrenia belonging to the outgroup and that especially when the perceiver has a higher Social Dominance Orientation (SDO). One hundred and sixty-one participants from the general population participated in our study (50.3% male, Mage = 39.14, SD = 16.36), which was based on a 2 (Sex of Target: male vs. female) × 2 (Sex of Participant: male vs. female) × SDO between-subjects design. The participants read a standardized vignette used in previous research, depicting a person presenting the symptoms of schizophrenia, and were then asked to complete questionnaires about SDO and intention to discriminate against the depicted individual. Our analysis showed the main effect of SDO on discriminating intentions. Simple slope analysis revealed that SDO predicts male participants’ discriminating intentions when the target is a woman, while this relation is not significant when the target is a man. The exact reverse pattern was observed among female participants. Our results suggest intergroup relations and ideological motivations underpin the stigma of schizophrenia. We conclude that different group belongings of individuals with schizophrenia as well as the public’s ideological motivations should be further considered by future research and anti-stigma efforts.
The Rupture Process of the 2018 Mw 6.9 Hawaiʻi Earthquake as Imaged by a Genetic Algorithm‐Based Back‐Projection Technique
Authors: Kehoe H. L. , Kiser E. D. , Okubo P. G.
Published: February 2019

An episode of unrest began at Kīlauea in April 2018 that produced both significant volcanic output and high rates of seismicity, including a Mw 6.9 earthquake on 4 May 2018. In this study, we image the rupture process of this earthquake using a genetic algorithm‐based back‐projection technique. The dominant feature of the earthquake is a slowly propagating western rupture, which shares similar characteristics with the region's largest recorded event in 1975 (Mw 7.7). The location of this western segment suggests that small asperities on this section of the décollement that frequently fail as slow slip events may achieve seismic slip rates when rupture is initiated on adjacent sections of the fault. Given the interaction between volcanic and seismic activity in this region, imaging the rupture properties of these events can improve our understanding of future geologic hazards in this region.
Satellite‐Based Detection of Daytime Supercooled Liquid‐Topped Mixed‐Phase Clouds Over the Southern Ocean Using the Advanced Himawari Imager
Authors: Noh Yoo‐Jeong , Miller Steven D. , Heidinger Andrew K. , Mace Gerald G. , Protat Alain , Alexander Simon P.
Published: February 2019

Inaccurate mixed‐phase cloud parameterizations over the Southern Ocean remain one of the largest sources of disagreement among global models in determining shortwave cloud radiative feedbacks. Suitable global observations supporting model improvements are currently unavailable. The conventional satellite cloud phase retrieval from passive radiometers is strongly biased toward cloud top without further information on the subcloud phase. Mixed‐phase clouds with the liquid‐top mixed‐phase (LTMP) structures are often classified simply as supercooled liquid. This paper presents a daytime multispectral detection algorithm for LTMP clouds, based on differential absorption between liquid and ice in shortwave infrared bands (1.61 and 2.25 μm). The LTMP algorithm, previously developed for polar‐orbiting sensors, is applied to Himawari‐8 Advanced Himawari Imager (the first of the next‐generation geostationary satellites) to probe subcloud phase for mixed‐phase clouds over the Southern Ocean. The results are compared with spaceborne active sensor data from CloudSat and CALIPSO. Ship‐based field experiment measurements are examined for selected cases to provide a more direct assessment of algorithm performance. The results show that applying the LTMP algorithm to geostationary satellites has potential to provide advanced time‐resolved observations for mixed‐phase clouds globally with improved sublayer cloud phase information that can support enhancement and validation of global models.
The lncRNA BDNF-AS is an epigenetic regulator in the human amygdala in early onset alcohol use disorders
Authors: Bohnsack John Peyton , Teppen Tara , Kyzar Evan J. , Dzitoyeva Svetlana , Pandey Subhash C.
Published: February 2019

Adolescent alcohol drinking is known to contribute to the development and severity of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) later in adulthood. Recent studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical for brain development and synaptic plasticity. One such lncRNA is natural occurring brain-derived neurotrophic factor antisense (BDNF-AS) that has been shown to regulate BDNF expression. The role ofBDNF-ASlncRNA in the molecular mechanisms of AUD is unknown. Here, we evaluated the expression and functional role ofBDNF-ASin postmortem amygdala of either early onset or late onset alcoholics (individuals who began drinking before or after 21 years of age, respectively) and age-matched control subjects.BDNF-ASexpression is increased in early onset but not in late onset AUD amygdala and appears to be regulated epitranscriptomically via decreasedN6-methyladenosine onBDNF-AS. Upregulation ofBDNF-ASis associated with a significant decrease in BDNF expression and increased recruitment of EZH2, which deposits repressive H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) at regulatory regions in theBDNFgene in the early onset AUD group. Drinking during adolescence also contributed to significant decreases in activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (ARC) expression which also appeared to be mediated by increased EZH2 deposition of repressive H3K27me3 at theARCsynaptic activity response element. These results suggest an important role forBDNF-ASin the regulation of synaptic plasticity via epigenetic reprogramming in the amygdala of AUD subjects who began drinking during adolescence.
Energetics of the coupled electronic–structural transition in the rare-earth nickelates
Authors: Hampel Alexander , Liu Peitao , Franchini Cesare , Ederer Claude
Published: February 2019

Rare-earth nickelates exhibit a metal–insulator transition accompanied by a structural distortion that breaks the symmetry between formerly equivalent Ni sites. The quantitative theoretical description of this coupled electronic–structural instability is extremely challenging. Here, we address this issue by simultaneously taking into account both structural and electronic degrees of freedom using a charge self-consistent combination of density functional theory and dynamical mean-field theory, together with screened interaction parameters obtained from the constrained random phase approximation. Our total energy calculations show that the coupling to an electronic instability toward a charge disproportionated insulating state is crucial to stabilize the structural distortion, leading to a clear first order character of the coupled transition. The decreasing octahedral rotations across the series suppress this electronic instability and simultaneously increase the screening of the effective Coulomb interaction, thus weakening the correlation effects responsible for the metal–insulator transition. Our approach allows to obtain accurate values for the structural distortion and thus facilitates a comprehensive understanding, both qualitatively and quantitatively, of the complex interplay between structural properties and electronic correlation effects across the nickelate series.
miR-148a regulates expression of the transferrin receptor 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Babu Kamesh R. , Muckenthaler Martina U.
Published: February 2019

Transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that allows for transferrin-bound iron uptake in mammalian cells. It is overexpressed in various cancers to satisfy the high iron demand of fast proliferating cells. Here we show that in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) TFR1 expression is regulated by miR-148a. Within the TFR1 3′UTR we identified and experimentally validated two evolutionarily conserved miRNA response elements (MREs) for miR-148/152 family members, including miR-148a. Interestingly, analyses of RNA sequencing data from patients with liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) revealed a significant inverse correlation of TFR1 mRNA levels and miR-148a. In addition, TFR1 mRNA levels were significantly increased in the tumor compared to matched normal healthy tissue, while miR-148a levels are decreased. Functional analysis demonstrated post-transcriptional regulation of TFR1 by miR-148a in HCC cells as well as decreased HCC cell proliferation upon either miR-148a overexpression or TFR1 knockdown. We hypothesize that decreased expression of miR-148a in HCC may elevate transferrin-bound iron uptake, increasing cellular iron levels and cell proliferation.
Repellency Assessment of Nepeta cataria Essential Oils and Isolated Nepetalactones on Aedes aegypti
Authors: Reichert William , Ejercito Jadrian , Guda Tom , Dong Xujun , Wu Qingli , Ray Anandasankar , Simon James E.
Published: February 2019

There is an increased need for improved and affordable insect repellents to reduce transmission of rapidly spreading diseases with high mortality rates. Natural products are often used when DEET cannot be afforded or accessed and when consumers choose not to use a synthetic repellent. The essential oils from two newly bred Nepeta cataria (catnip) plants representing two different chemotypes and their respective isolated nepetalactone isomers were evaluated as mosquito repellents against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that transmit the Zika and Dengue virus in a one choice landing rate inhibition assay. A dose response curve was generated for each treatment and a time course analysis of repellency was performed over 24 hours with a N. cataria essential oil sample. The results indicate that all essential oil samples and their respective purified nepetalactone isomers were able to achieve greater than 95% repellency. Between two and four hours, the ability to repel more than 95% of the mosquitoes diminished. At the lowest concentrations tested, the nepetalactones and crude essential oil samples were more effective than DEET at reducing the number of mosquito landings.
Aryl Azides as Phosphine-Activated Switches for Small Molecule Function
Authors: Lukasak Bradley , Morihiro Kunihiko , Deiters Alexander
Published: February 2019

Engineered small molecule triggers are important tools for the control and investigation of biological processes, in particular protein function. Staudinger reductions of aryl azides to amines through the use of phosphines can trigger an elimination reaction, and thereby activation of a functional molecule, if an appropriately positioned leaving group is present. We conducted detailed investigations of the effect of aryl azide and phosphine structure on both the mechanism and kinetics of these reaction-induced eliminations and identified phosphine/azide pairs that enable complete activation within minutes under physiologically relevant conditions.
The bovine alveolar macrophage DNA methylome is resilient to infection with Mycobacterium bovis
Authors: O’Doherty Alan Mark , Rue-Albrecht Kevin Christophe , Magee David Andrew , Ahting Simone , Irwin Rachelle Elizabeth , Hall Thomas Jonathan , Browne John Arthur , Nalpas Nicolas Claude , Walsh Colum Patrick , Gordon Stephen Vincent , Wojewodzic Marcin Włodzimierz , MacHugh David Evan
Published: February 2019

DNA methylation is pivotal in orchestrating gene expression patterns in various mammalian biological processes. Perturbation of the bovine alveolar macrophage (bAM) transcriptome, due toMycobacterium bovis(M. bovis) infection, has been well documented; however, the impact of this intracellular pathogen on the bAM epigenome has not been determined. Here, whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) was used to assess the effect ofM. bovisinfection on the bAM DNA methylome. The methylomes of bAM infected withM. boviswere compared to those of non-infected bAM 24 hours post-infection (hpi). No differences in DNA methylation (CpG or non-CpG) were observed. Analysis of DNA methylation at proximal promoter regions uncovered >250 genes harbouring intermediately methylated (IM) promoters (average methylation of 33–66%). Gene ontology analysis, focusing on genes with low, intermediate or highly methylated promoters, revealed that genes with IM promoters were enriched for immune-related GO categories; this enrichment was not observed for genes in the high or low methylation groups. Targeted analysis of genes in the IM category confirmed the WGBS observation. This study is the first in cattle examining genome-wide DNA methylation at single nucleotide resolution in an important bovine cellular host-pathogen interaction model, providing evidence for IM promoter methylation in bAM.
Convolutional neural networks can accurately distinguish four histologic growth patterns of lung adenocarcinoma in digital slides
Authors: Gertych Arkadiusz , Swiderska-Chadaj Zaneta , Ma Zhaoxuan , Ing Nathan , Markiewicz Tomasz , Cierniak Szczepan , Salemi Hootan , Guzman Samuel , Walts Ann E. , Knudsen Beatrice S.
Published: February 2019

During the diagnostic workup of lung adenocarcinomas (LAC), pathologists evaluate distinct histological tumor growth patterns. The percentage of each pattern on multiple slides bears prognostic significance. To assist with the quantification of growth patterns, we constructed a pipeline equipped with a convolutional neural network (CNN) and soft-voting as the decision function to recognize solid, micropapillary, acinar, and cribriform growth patterns, and non-tumor areas. Slides of primary LAC were obtained from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (CSMC), the Military Institute of Medicine in Warsaw and the TCGA portal. Several CNN models trained with 19,924 image tiles extracted from 78 slides (MIMW and CSMC) were evaluated on 128 test slides from the three sites by F1-score and accuracy using manual tumor annotations by pathologist. The best CNN yielded F1-scores of 0.91 (solid), 0.76 (micropapillary), 0.74 (acinar), 0.6 (cribriform), and 0.96 (non-tumor) respectively. The overall accuracy of distinguishing the five tissue classes was 89.24%. Slide-based accuracy in the CSMC set (88.5%) was significantly better (p < 2.3E-4) than the accuracy in the MIMW (84.2%) and TCGA (84%) sets due to superior slide quality. Our model can work side-by-side with a pathologist to accurately quantify the percentages of growth patterns in tumors with mixed LAC patterns.
Identification of reference genes for real-time PCR cytokine gene expression studies in sheep experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica
Authors: Pacheco I. L. , Abril N. , Zafra R. , Morales-Prieto N. , Hernández V. Molina , Ruiz M. T. , Perez-Caballero R. , Martínez-Moreno A. , Pérez J.
Published: February 2019

The aim of this study was to validate reference genes for gene normalisation using qRT-PCR in hepatic lymph nodes (HLN) and livers from sheep infected with Fasciola hepatica during early and late stages of infection. To this end, a comprehensive statistical approach (RefFinder) encompassing four different methods of analysis (geNorm, BestKeeper, ΔCt method and NormFinder) was used to validate ten candidate reference genes. Stability analysis of gene expression followed by pairwise variation (Vn/Vn + 1) analysis revealed that PGK1, HSP90AA1 and GYPC were the most stable reference genes and suitable for qRT-PCR normalisation in both HLN and liver tissues. These three genes were validated against FoxP3, IL-10, TGF-β, TNF-α and IL-1β genes in the HLN tissue of sheep vaccinated with Cathepsin L1 from F. hepatica and unvaccinated infected and uninfected controls during early stages of infection. In the liver, the three reference genes were validated against TNF-α and IL-1β during chronic stages of infection with F. hepatica and in uninfected controls. Our study is the first to evaluate and validate sheep reference genes in order to provide tools for monitoring cytokines in Fasciola hepatica infected sheep target organs. Our results present an approach to elucidate the role of different cytokines in F. hepatica vaccinated and infected sheep.
Functional annotation of putative QTL associated with black tea quality and drought tolerance traits
Authors: Koech Robert. K. , Malebe Pelly M. , Nyarukowa Christopher , Mose Richard , Kamunya Samson M. , Joubert Fourie , Apostolides Zeno
Published: February 2019

The understanding of black tea quality and percent relative water content (%RWC) traits in tea (Camellia sinensis) by a quantitative trait loci (QTL) approach can be useful in elucidation and identification of candidate genes underlying the QTL which has remained to be difficult. The objective of the study was to identify putative QTL controlling black tea quality and percent relative water traits in two tea populations and their F1 progeny. A total of 1,421 DArTseq markers derived from the linkage map identified 53 DArTseq markers to be linked to black tea quality and %RWC. All 53 DArTseq markers with unique best hits were identified in the tea genome. A total of 5,592 unigenes were assigned gene ontology (GO) terms, 56% comprised biological processes, cellular component (29%) and molecular functions (15%), respectively. A total of 84 unigenes in 15 LGs were assigned to 25 different Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database pathways based on categories of secondary metabolite biosynthesis. The three major enzymes identified were transferases (38.9%), hydrolases (29%) and oxidoreductases (18.3%). The putative candidate proteins identified were involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, alkaloid biosynthesis, ATPase family proteins related to abiotic/biotic stress response. The functional annotation of putative QTL identified in this current study will shed more light on the proteins associated with caffeine and catechins biosynthesis and % RWC. This study may help breeders in selection of parents with desirable DArTseq markers for development of new tea cultivars with desirable traits.
Quantitative analysis of self-organized patterns in ombrotrophic peatlands
Authors: Béguin Chloé , Brunetti Maura , Kasparian Jérôme
Published: February 2019

We numerically investigate a diffusion-reaction model of an ombrotrophic peatland implementing a Turing instability relying on nutrient accumulation. We propose a systematic and quantitative sorting of the vegetation patterns, based on the statistical analysis of the numbers and filling factor of clusters of both Sphagnum mosses and vascular plants. In particular, we define the transition from Sphagnum-percolating to vascular plant-percolating patterns as the nutrient availability is increased. Our pattern sorting allows us to characterize the peatland pattern stability under climate stress, including strong drought.
Toxic Injury to Muscle Tissue of Rats Following Acute Oximes Exposure
Authors: Jaćević Vesna , Nepovimova Eugenie , Kuča Kamil
Published: February 2019

Therapeutic application of newly developed oximes is limited due to their adverse effects on different tissues. Within this article, it has been investigated which morphological changes could be observed in Wistar rats after the treatment with increasing doses of selected acetyl cholinesterase reactivators - asoxime, obidoxime, K027, K048, and K075. Subsequently, heart, diaphragm and musculus popliteus were obtained for pathohistological and semiquantitative analysis 24 hrs and 7 days after im administration of a single dose of 0.1 LD50, 0.5 LD50, and 1.0 LD50 of each oxime. Different muscle damage score was based on an estimation scale from 0 (no damage) to 5 (strong damage). In rats treated with 0.1 LD50 of each oxime, muscle fibres did not show any change. The intensive degeneration was found in all muscles after treatment with 0.5 LD50 of asoxime and obidoxime, respectively. Acute toxic muscle injury was developed within 7 days following treatment with 0.5 LD50 and 1.0 LD50 of each oxime, with the highest values in K048 and K075 group (P < 0.001 vs. control and asoxime), respectively. The early muscle alterations observed in our study seem to contribute to the pathogenesis of the oxime-induced toxic muscle injury, which probably manifests as necrosis and/or inflammation.
Combined quantification of intracellular (phospho-)proteins and transcriptomics from fixed single cells
Authors: Gerlach Jan. P. , van Buggenum Jessie A. G. , Tanis Sabine E. J. , Hogeweg Mark , Heuts Branco M. H. , Muraro Mauro J. , Elze Lisa , Rivello Francesca , Rakszewska Agata , van Oudenaarden Alexander , Huck Wilhelm T. S. , Stunnenberg Hendrik G. , Mulder Klaas W.
Published: February 2019

Environmental stimuli often lead to heterogeneous cellular responses and transcriptional output. We developed single-cell RNA and Immunodetection (RAID) to allow combined analysis of the transcriptome and intracellular (phospho-)proteins from fixed single cells. RAID successfully recapitulated differentiation-state changes at the protein and mRNA level in human keratinocytes. Furthermore, we show that differentiated keratinocytes that retain high phosphorylated FAK levels, a feature associated with stem cells, also express a selection of stem cell associated transcripts. Our data demonstrates that RAID allows investigation of heterogeneous cellular responses to environmental signals at the mRNA and phospho-proteome level.