bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Service of the Apostolic Signatura in the Church and the Ministry of Justice of the Diocesan Bishop
Authors: Burke Raymond Leo Cardinal
Published: August 2015

The author addresses the service of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura to the life of the Church from the perspective of the responsibility of the Diocesan Bishop for the correct administration of justice, in general, and, in more detail, his responsibility for the local ecclesiastical tribunal, as a privileged locus of his judicial ministry. The major part of the work of the Apostolic Signatura, apart from its direct service to the Roman Curia, is service to Diocesan Bishops in fulfilling their fundamental ministry of justice in the particular Churches. The contribution is limited to the treatment of the Diocesan Bishop and his judicial activity, and does not include the important service to Diocesan Bishops in what pertains to individual administrative acts. The contribution is further limited to the legislation of the Latin Church.
Appropriate Pastoral Approaches for the Divorced Remarried
Authors: Velasio Cardinal De Paolis C.S.
Published: August 2015

The phenomenon of irregular marriages has been on the rise for decades, and highlights the crisis of marriage and the family. Civil society, however, does not seem to take any notice, nor think it worth its attention. The reason for this neglect is that civil society itself is in a crisis and the crisis of the family is its mirror image. It is a crisis that has its roots in the same anthropological vision: civil society and the family suffer from the same disease; a crisis of the vision of man. The Church on the contrary makes the family the object of her assiduous pastoral action, particularly in this time of crisis. A large part of her faithful however no longer seem to live in accord with her teaching and discipline on marriage and the family. What has aroused the special concern and pastoral care of the Church is that situation of irregular unions, particularly the situation of the divorced, who after divorce, have switched to a second, merely civil marriage and have given rise to a new family. These unions have raised doctrinal and pastoral problems of great importance, in particular the alienation from certain parts of the life of the Church, and especially the exclusion from the Eucharist, of those living in irregular unions. In light of the Extraordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops in 2014 and the Ordinary General Assembly in 2015, both on the pastoral challenges to the family in the context of evangelization, the author reflects on this important issue and offers some solutions.
Divine Worship: Occasional Services . A Presentation
Authors: Lopes Steven J.
Published: August 2015

After the promulgation of the apostolic constitution Anglicanorum coetibus in 2009, there was significant interest and speculation regarding what would be the liturgical provision for Personal Ordinariates for Anglicans entering into full communion with the Catholic Church. While the new Ordinariates may always celebrate the sacred liturgy according to the Roman Rite, the Ordinariates are granted the faculty “to celebrate the Holy Eucharist and the other Sacraments, the Liturgy of the Hours and other liturgical celebrations according to the liturgical books proper to the Anglican tradition, which have been approved by the Holy See, so as to maintain the liturgical, spiritual and pastoral traditions of the Anglican Communion within the Catholic Church, as a precious gift nourishing the faith of the members of the Ordinariate and as a treasure to be shared.” The author offers an overview of Divine Worship: Occasional Services in order to highlight the richness of these texts and their conformity with Catholic faith and practice. In making these rites available for the spiritual nourishment and sanctification of her sons and daughters coming into full communion from Anglican backgrounds so, the Church has also given eloquent expression to a fundamental principle for the ecumenical movement: the unity of faith which is at the heart of the communion of the Church does not require a rigid uniformity of expression.
Invalid Convalidation: A Legitimate Autonomous Ground of Marriage Nullity?
Authors: Boccafola Kenneth E.
Published: August 2015

This article discusses a ground of nullity which has been appearing with greater frequency in recent years in cases submitted to Tribunals, especially in the English speaking world, that is, the ground of invalid convalidation of a merely civil marriage entered into by a Catholic party who was bound to the canonical form. Its intent is to determine whether or not, when used in the context of rectifying a merely civil union celebrated by a Catholic party, invalid or defective convalidation constitutes a legitimate autonomous ground of marriage nullity, i.e. distinct from simulation or other grounds because its source of nullity derives uniquely from the canons dealing with the institute of simple convalidation, i.e. canons 1156–1160 CIC/83 (canons 1133–1137 CIC/17). The discussion centers first on what is meant by the term and why it is proposed as an autonomous ground of nullity. At the same time the strict limits of the inquiry are clearly delineated. The thesis that this ground is a legitimate and autonomous caput nullitatis seems to be based on two presuppositions, which this writer evaluates as either erroneous or at least dubious. The first is that the canonical ceremony rectifying a Catholic’s merely civil union can be considered as coming under the canonical institute of simple convalidation. The second is that the requirement for renewed consent contained in canons 1156 and 1157 is also necessarily applicable in the case of the ceremony rectifying the civil union of a Catholic. The article then concludes that invalid convalidation is not an autonomous ground of nullity and should not be accepted as a legitimate ground by Tribunals. The proper ground of nullity for the circumstances envisioned is simulation. Recent jurisprudence would seem to be in accord with this view.
Reflections of a Judicial Vicar of an Appeal Tribunal on the Proposed Reform of the Canonical Matrimonial Process
Authors: Pagé Roch
Published: August 2015

On August 27, 2014, the Holy Father established a Special Commission of study for the reform of the canonical process in marriage nullity cases. The reform of the marriage nullity process was also part of the final report of the 2014 Extraordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops. The author, Judicial Vicar of the Canadian Appeal Tribunal, reflects on this proposed reform of the canonical matrimonial process and offers some further thoughts based upon his academic experience and his service as Judicial Vicar. His reflections are focused on (1) the simplification of the procedure in first instance tribunals; (2) the dispensation of the requirement of second instance for confirming affirmative sentences of first instance; (3) the possibility of establishing an administrative means under the jurisdiction of the diocesan Bishop; and (4) the interaction between canon law and civil law. Are the proposed changes not introducing the practice of divorce and thus giving up the indissolubility of marriage?
The State of Consecrated Life: Vita et Sanctitas Ecclesiae
Authors: Bauer Nancy A.
Published: August 2015

The state of those who are consecrated to God by profession of the evangelical counsels “does not belong to the hierarchical structure of the Church; it nevertheless belongs to its life and holiness.” This statement about how consecrated life does and does not fit into the ecclesial body appears in canon 207 §2. The latter part of the statement is repeated in canon 574 §1: “The state of those who profess the evangelical counsels in institutes of this type (i.e., institutes of consecrated life) belongs to the life and holiness of the Church.” This article explores two questions: what is the source of this statement, and what does it mean. What does it mean, canonically, that consecrated life is not part of the hierarchical structure of the Church? What does it mean, canonically, that consecrated life belongs to the life and holiness of the Church?
An Analysis of the Preliminary Investigation in Light of the Rights of the Accused
Authors: Millette R. Lucien
Published: August 2015

The Preliminary Investigation is an indispensable procedure which allows the Ordinary to determine whether there are grounds for proceeding to a true penal process after having received a notitia criminis . Despite its importance, it is only directly referenced by three canons which leads to widely diverging applications. This is seen most powerfully in the different ways that rights of the person under preliminary investigation are either safeguarded or violated during this procedure. In order to correct any potential misapplications, it is necessary to examine the Preliminary Investigation within the context of the fundamental rights that undergird the faithful as well as the three-fold end of the penal process. This allows this procedure to be understood and applied correctly so that the Church can strengthen its witness of justice and mercy in the world.
The Reform of the Roman Curia at the Service of the New Evangelization
Authors: Martens Kurt
Published: August 2015

Since the beginning of the pontificate of Saint John Paul II, an emphasis has been put on the new evangelization. This new evangelization was defined, not as a re-evangelization, but as a new evangelization. His two successors, Benedict XVI and Francis, have continued to emphasize this new evangelization. How can the reform of the Roman Curia, proposed by Pope Francis and desired by many, be at the service of this new evangelization? The author suggests that, above all, not new structures or a reshuffle of the existing structures are necessary, but rather a novus habitus mentis , with an emphasis on professionalism and service to the Roman Pontiff and the particular Churches. Or, to put it in the words of Pope Francis: “What we especially need in these times are credible witnesses who make the Gospel visible by their lives as well as by their words.” Such is also true for the Roman Curia.
Church Architecture Since Vatican II
Authors: Stroik Duncan G.
Published: August 2015

Conventional wisdom holds that before Vatican II, all churches were built in traditional styles and materials, while after Vatican II, churches were required to be theater-like with abstract iconography and a separate chapel for the tabernacle. However, a closer look at the Conciliar documents and the broader architectural movements of the early and mid-twentieth-century suggests that the conventional narrative does not give an accurate account of the shift from traditional to modernist sacred architecture. In this article the author discusses some of the other contributing influences, such as the rise in popularity of the “theater church” among Protestants in the late 1800s, the rejection of tradition by architects in post-war Germany and America, and the push from the Liturgical Movement to return focus to the liturgy by eliminating other distractions (including architecture and art). He also discusses some of the trends in sacred architecture today. Finally, he discusses how understanding a church as more than merely a functional building for the liturgy can give a better understanding of elements of church design.
Canon 72 of The Council of Trullo in Catholic Jurisprudence: An Adventure in Ecumenism
Authors: Beal John P.
Published: August 2015

Canon 72 of the Council of Trullo (691) threatened with invalidity marriages entered between the orthodox and heretics. This canon was never formally abrogated by authorities of the Eastern churches, but it had fallen into desuetude by the time of the disruption of communion between the churches of the East and West in 1054. In the 1950s, canonists, especially in the United States, anxious to find ways to regularize marriages of Catholics with divorced Orthodox communicants latched on to the Trullan canon to declare invalid marriages of Orthodox and Protestants. The argument for the continued validity of the Trullan impediment rested on the claim that since the schism the hierarchs of the Eastern Orthodox churches have had no jurisdiction to change the law and, since the Roman Pontiff had not abrogated the canon of Trullo, it remained in force. However useful in pastoral practice this approach may have been, it was at odds with the recognition of the authority of Eastern hierarchs to govern their churches which was recognized by the Second Vatican Council. By a rather circuitous path, Catholic jurisprudence finally recognized that canon 72 of Trullo had been abrogated.
“The workman, sir! The artificer!”: Artifice, Theater, and Puppets Performing in Ben Jonson’s Bartholomew Fair and A Tale of A Tub
Authors: Isaacson Emily Ruth
Published: August 2015

Framed by an examination of Ben Jonson’s collaborations with Inigo Jones and the puppet show in Bartholomew Fair , this article examines the shadow puppet masque at the end of A Tale of a Tub (1633). In this puppet-masque, Jonson engages with the problem of the artificiality of the stage and the intrinsic link between art and artifice in performance. Despite his attempts to render a separation between the two, A Tale of a Tub ultimately fails to reconcile Jonson’s artistic vision of a poet separated from the craftsman who builds the spectacle.
“Caught Happy in a World of Misery”: Art and Leisure in To the Lighthouse
Authors: Sutton Timothy
Published: August 2015

This essay considers how Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse exhibits the principles of neo-Aristotelian leisure. The introduction uses modern philosophical thought on the concept of leisure as discussed by Hans-Georg Gadamer, Charles Taylor, and Alisdair McIntyre to better understand Aristotle’s notion of leisure as being grounded in arête , or excellence. I then consider how artistic excellence is a central fruit of neo-Aristotelian leisure. Therefore, art must be created primarily for the sake of excellence; artistic creation would be corrupted were it made with any exterior social or monetary benefit in mind. More specifically, I argue that Woolf’s characters in To the Lighthouse who engage in neo-Aristotelian leisure activities with no external motive find a renewing experience and peace, while those who seek other means of leisure become frustrated and restless. This essay also contends that Woolf’s novel, like many modernist works, implicitly challenges Victorian and Edwardian notions of leisure.
The “Maruelous” Play of Marcus’s Rhetorical Artifice in Titus Andronicus
Authors: Kumamoto Chikako D.
Published: August 2015

Modern critics have long considered Shakespeare’s earliest tragedy Titus Andronicus as his worst by an immature playwright. Often lamented is Shakespeare’s curious style of treating the plot’s undue violence and gore with highly rhetorical formalism. One way to approach the heart of such practice is to view it in relation to the artistic possibilities Shakespeare and his fellow dramatists envisioned. Aided by our contemporary micro-historians’ analytical approach, a close reading of Act 2, Scene 4 - often cited as illustrating Shakespeare’s immaturity - is instructive of his self-conscious and self-regarding artifice. In it is the scene’s action enacted in a formalized lament while encapsulating this play’s tragic matters. It in turn allows Shakespeare to make his larger moral and aesthetic ascent. Importantly, this play presages his later achievements in tragedy.
Hybrid Critical Editions of Opera: Motives, Milestones, and Quandaries
Authors: Selfridge-Field Eleanor
Published: August 2015

The publication term “hybrid digital edition” came into existence at the end of 2013, with the publication of Salieri’s theatrical divertimento Prima la musica, e poi la parola . It is a hybrid in that its theatritical apparatus is a digital constellation of auxiliary materials consulted in the course of constructing a new edition, while the score is a conventional one. A user can in principle consult the two bilaterally, but the confinement of the critical report to a physical device unsuited to network use has crippled it in some libraries. Since Prima la musica is both the first of a series of other operas presented in the same way, and of a more opened-ended effort to edit works in other genres similarly, it is important to understand how this combination came to be and what its potential advantages are. Since the new model was perceived by many librarians in the U.S. as excessively expensive, a table of prices of recently published opera editions is provided. These editions prove not to be moderately priced, but the costs of opera scores produced in Europe is, on average, much higher than those produced in the U.S.
A Catalog of the Addenda to the Ricasoli Collection Housed at the Dwight Anderson Music Library of the University of Louisville
Authors: Karr John
Published: August 2015

In 2012, Harmonie Park Press released a catalog of the Ricasoli Collection of Tuscan manuscripts and prints residing at the University of Louisville. After the purchase of the collection in 1987, the money left over was put toward purchasing manuscripts and editions that would complement the Ricasoli Collection. These pieces were referred to as the addenda to the Ricasoli Collection, and eventually amounted to several hundred works, a substantial catalog of works in its own right. These works were purchased according to a priority schema that included three categories, ranked in order of importance: (1) Tuscan works from the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, (2) Italian music of the same period, and (3) works that originated outside Italy, a category that could include works owned by Tuscan collectors of the period, or similar to ones that were. These addenda were originally intended to be included as an appendix to the published Ricasoli catalog, but it was decided to leave them out since they were not directly tied to the Ricasoli Collection. This, then, is the catalog of the addenda, and since it was intended to be a part of the Ricasoli catalog published by Harmonie Park Press, the format follows that catalog closely. Pieces are listed alphabetically by composer, with the “Add.” numbers corresponding roughly to the order of acquisition by the Anderson Music Library.
The cultural politics of adaptation: Fools and the politics of gender
Authors: Mngadi Sikhumbuzo
Published: August 2015

The shifts in the priorities of literary and cultural theory and criticism were already underway in the South African academy by the end of the 1980s, with the gathering momentum of the mass political movement reaching its apotheosis with the release of Nelson Mandela from prison in 1990. Whereas creative literary and cultural expression has often lagged behind advances in theory, there was nevertheless a steady acknowledgement of the necessity for a corresponding shift in the discursive character of the creative arts, even if the material conditions on the ground remained largely unchanged. Ramadan Suleman’s film Fools, which appeared in 1997 as an adaptation of Njabulo Ndebele’s 1983 novella by the same title, entered the fray with its argument for a new or, as it were, broader consciousness of the deeper, more complex legacy of ‘sexual violence’. This legacy included the weak ‘place of women in the everyday life of the township’ (Suleman 1995: 1), and indeed in the very idea of ‘the everyday’ that some in literary and cultural circles sought to inscribe.1 This article provides an assessment of the nature and extent of the film’s intervention in the context of the systematic breakdown of the old certainties of race, identity and nation post-apartheid, together with the literary-critical cultures and apparatuses that presided over their coherences and raptures. I take as my starting point Robert Stam and Louise Spence’s (1983: 3) assertion that ‘[a]though […] those questions bearing on the cinematic industry, its processes of production, distribution and exhibition’ – in short, questions bearing on ‘the contextual’ – are of ‘crucial importance’, they need to be tempered with those bearing on the ‘textual and intertextual’ (emphasis in the original). Fools is a film that enters the textual and contextual terrain of Ndebele’s novella, but in doing so contests its textuality by shifting its narrative ground and voice.
Violence as intentionality for survival and power in two Yoruba films
Authors: Wale Ojoniyi Olabode
Published: August 2015

This article explores how violence is motivated by different levels of apprehension in man’s consciousness to provoke him/her to certain vicious actions. It builds on the hypothetical suggestion of Nietzsche that men interpret the world through their fears and project their fears into the nature of things (cited in Schacht 1983: 199–225) when analysing violence in its existential terms/forms. This article assumes that it is normal for men to have fears and relate to others through their fears. Consequently, it interrogates the roles played by fear as an existential sub-theme in man’s consciousness in relation to violent actions as projected in two Yoruba films, Eku Meji/Two Rats (Ayinde, 2011) and Aje Nimope/I Call to Wealth (Ramon, 2012), with the possibility of seeing violence as a conscious intentional act of survival and sociocultural interaction/production. It also looks at grounds upon which characters are predisposed to violence, concluding that whoever wishes to survive at all cost may be predisposed to violence.
Art’s subtle, liberating ways: Violence, trauma and agency in Fanta Regina Nacro’s The Night of Truth (2004)
Authors: Dipio Dominica , Cherif Diop Oumar
Published: August 2015

Fanta Regina Nacro’s The Night of Truth (2004) is a graphic post-war political film that mediates the conflict between ethnicities within a nation state that has failed to appreciate its diversity as a gift. We analyse how the artists use cinematic means to challenge individuals and communities to cross the borders of sectarianism and intolerance in order to discover their shared need for freedom as a human race. We argue that although individuals and communities are often caught up in the prison of intolerance and divisionism, the ultimate desire of the human person is to be free to associate and make choices. Our central argument is that art has the power to foster agency, and to liberate individuals and communities in subtle and effective ways.
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: Ernest-Samuel Gloria
Published: August 2015

Nollywood Till November: Memoirs of a Nollywood In sider, Charles Novia (2012) Bloomington, IN: ArtHouse, 140 pp. ISBN: 978-1-4772-2499-1, paperback, $14.95
Dissonance, truth and the political limits of possibility in MMOs
Authors: Weihl Harrington
Published: August 2015

This article argues and synthesizes two fundamental points about the Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game (MMO), with World of Warcraft and Star Wars: The Old Republic serving as the chief examples of the genre. The first is that the use of ethical dilemmas in MMOs is a content-level manifestation of their unique fit to the current moment of late capitalism insofar as such dilemmas stage freedom of choice and action within a structure that restricts autonomy. The second is that the ludonarrative dissonance (via both Lukacs and Hocking) instigated by the merger of the closed, ‘epic’ form of the video game and the open-ended social aspects introduced in the MMO is a formal aesthetic response to late capitalism. These two threads of argument dovetail into a conclusion on the status of the MMO as a tool of hegemony – a cultural product that manifests and reinforces the norms of the present moment and at the same time has the potential to be repurposed for liberatory ends.
Lost/gained in translation: Oware 3D, Ananse: The Origin and questions of hegemony
Authors: Opoku-Agyemang Kwabena
Published: August 2015

The computer and its related technology are typically interpreted as signifiers of western culture. Thus, when a ‘non-western’ cultural product is parsed through an electronic format, there is the inevitable gesture towards the extent to which the process of adaptation is a ‘westernized’ one. Irrespective of the tenuous nature of this question, hegemonic repercussions occur; thus this article considers the literary as well as socio-political implications of two different adaptations of aspects of traditional Ghanaian culture into mobile video games. The two games are Kobla Nyomi’s Oware 3D (2014), which is the virtual descendant of the Akan traditional board game Oware; and the Leti Arts produced Ananse: The Origin (2014), which refashions the Akan folk tale trickster Kweku Ananse into a superhero. This article processes the two adaptations as paraphrase and translation, respectively: the paraphrase from a board game to a mobile video board game on the one hand, and the translation from an oral literature-based folk tale to a mobile video action/adventure game. This comparative analysis is undertaken in the context of the game-making hegemony that is concomitant not only with globalization and cultural exchange, but also with the intersections between creative license and tradition.
Fighting heroic hegemony with ennui: The remarkable everyday in World of Warcraft
Authors: Roy Dibyadyuti
Published: August 2015

This article explores the predominance of mundane everyday tasks within the World of Warcraft (WoW) gamespace to emphasize the importance of the quotidian within this purported heroic environment. The importance of what is understood to be ordinary-everyday-tasks in accomplishing heroic quests, I argue, challenges popular and scholarly perceptions of WoW, as a gendered gaming space based in heroic time and presumably inhabited by skilled male technocrats. I illustrate that the WoW game-environment, in offering players the option of in-game progression not only through slaying dragons but also by picking herbs and sewing clothes makes a definite rupture in the idea of heroic temporality, which is traditionally understood as masculine while the everyday is essentialized as feminine. Without gendering any task as either feminine or masculine I assert that heroic identity in WoW is extensively influenced by everyday ennui, to the extent that maintenance of heroic status quo often means a regular engagement with the quotidian. By allowing for the possibility of gameplay in multiple temporal modes WoW challenges social constructions of heroic time as masculine and everyday time as feminine. In doing so these multiple temporalities open out possibilities for perceiving the WoW landscape as ideal for resisting hegemonies of masculinized heroism and the creation and sustenance of alternative modes of agency.
The documentary script as an oxymoron?
Authors: Winston Brian
Published: August 2015

Brian Winston is a British screenwriter who focuses on documentaries; he won an Emmy Award in 1985 for his work on Heritage: Civilization and the Jews, Episode 8, ‘Out of the Ashes’ (1919–1947). Other credits include A Boatload of Wild Irishmen (2010). In his keynote address at the Screenwriting Research Network Potsdam conference in 2014, Winston, with passion and humour and his knowledge, addressed the ‘script’ and engaged the audience of academics, graduate students and industry practitioners in re-assessing what signifies a screenplay in the world of documentary filmmaking.
The three-act structure: Myth or magical formula?
Authors: Brütsch Matthias
Published: August 2015

Since Syd Field published his book Screenplay in 1979, the three-act structure has become a dominant tool for analysing screenplays and films. While the formulaic nature and constricting effects of this ‘paradigm’ have often been criticized by adherents of independent films, until now its explanatory suitability to classical and mainstream filmmaking has rarely been questioned as such. After commenting on the history of the concept, the article examines how well the model works in practice by statistically evaluating a large number of studies by different authors. This comparison reveals that there is a surprisingly low consensus on how to divide films into three acts. The discrepancies seem fundamentally due to the imprecision and vagueness of the paradigm’s core ideas, and thus neither the functions ascribed to acts nor the concept of plot points appear to be valid tools for ensuring consistency in analysis. Hence mainstream film needs to be seen as more complex – and structural analysis more a matter of interpretation – than the model allows for.
The fantasy and war genres: Invasion, the alternate plane and displacement
Authors: Selbo Jule
Published: August 2015

Films employing the fantasy/war genre are top box office attractions. There is much for the screenwriter, or for those who guide screenwriters, to consider in this fact. This article will explore the reasons for the popularity of this film genre hybrid and contrast these films’ lure to narratives in the war genre told through a straightforward, realistic method. The article will also investigate how the fantasy/war genre, using elements of the fantastical fairy tale or using the fantastical alternate plane in films such as Alice in Wonderland (2010), World War Z (2012) and Red Dawn (1984, 2012), provide a desired displacement for an audience in regards to conscious or sub-conscious anxieties regarding living in a world in constant war.
Screenwriting and authorial control in narrative video games
Authors: Wellenreiter Michael
Published: August 2015

Film and television screenwriters who are accustomed to working in a linear, noninteractive mode of storytelling may find themselves struggling to communicate a coherent progression of plot, character and theme when tasked with providing multiple avenues for video game player narrative input. This may be especially problematic when writing single-player role-playing video games (RPGs), which have always permitted a certain co-authorial relationship between a game’s screenwriters and its players, due to the branching-path narrative complexity and performative or emergent gameplay possibilities that are hallmarks of the genre. Using a case study of the linear game, The Last of Us, in contrast to an analysis of the open-world role-playing games Fallout 3 and Mass Effect 3, I will examine reasons why a screenwriter may find himself or herself knowingly ceding narrative control to players due to reasons that relate to a player’s engagement with ideas of co-authorship.
Riding the Wave - creative preferences, spatial tension and transnational story components in the collaborations of Susanne Bier and Anders Thomas Jensen
Authors: Moore Cath
Published: August 2015

An edited extract from a paper presented at the 7th Screenwriting Research Network Conference Screenwriting and Directing Audiovisual Media in Potsdam in 2014, this article used a case-study approach to analyse the creative dimensions and narrative components present in two of the collaborations between filmmakers Susanne Bier (as director) and Anders Thomas Jensen (as screenwriter). I note in particular how the Bier/Jensen filmography represents a significant shift in Denmark’s international cinematic visibility and will look closely at two Bier/Jensen films: After the Wedding (2006) and In a Better World (2010). The article also explores how the utilization of what I term the trans-prefix paradigm as a methodological tool may contribute towards a better understanding of the story mechanisms within the screenplay as text and its transnational capacities.
Ficha Técnica
Authors: Organizadores Ficha Técnica
Published: August 2015

Ficha Técnica Volume 20 - Nº2 - 2 Quadrimestre de 2015
HORIZONTES JUSFILOSÓFICOS DA PREVISIBILIDADE DAS DECISÕES JUDICIAIS
Authors: De Oliveira Costa Rafael
Published: August 2015

A partir da multiplicação do número de processos e da busca pela celeridade na prolação da decisão, os aplicadores do direito
passaram a inverter o processo hermenêutico para adequar a ordem jurídica ao sentido pretendido, partindo não mais do texto
legal, mas do sentimento próprio de justiça. Isso resultou numa forte guinada para a subjetividade, em prejuízo da
previsibilidade das decisões. Por este motivo, a doutrina se depara sempre com o questionamento acerca da possibilidade
de se reduzir a subjetividade na interpretação. No intuito de tornar efetivo esse desiderato, o presente trabalho tem como
objetivo demonstrar a importância da hermenêutica filosófica na redução da subjetividade do aplicador do Direito, perpassando
pelas contribuições de Schleiermacher, Dilthey, Husserl e Gadamer, e atentando para a necessidade de se definir um processo
hermenêutico apto a prover o respeito ao controle das opções interpretativas.
TÉCNICAS DE DECISÃO NA JURISDIÇÃO CONSTITUCIONAL E A GARANTIA DE DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS DAS MINORIAS PELO STF
Authors: Oliveira Ávila Ana Paula
Published: August 2015

O objetivo deste artigo é examinar as técnicas de decisão no controle abstrato de constitucionalidade realizado pelo Supremo
Tribunal Federal. Distinguem-se as técnicas conclusivas e alternativas empregadas na jurisdição constitucional, observando
que o uso de técnicas alternativas pode, em certos casos, expressar manifestações de ativismo judicial. Em face disso,
analisa-se como pode o STF operar validamente essas técnicas em face das estruturas formais do Estado de Direito
(separação de poderes, democracia, legalidade e segurança jurídica) e do seu fundamento material, que é a proteção do indivíduo,
de sua dignidade e de seus direitos fundamentais. Por fim, analisam-se dois casos paradigmáticos em que o emprego de técnicas
alternativas de decisão foi feito para proteger direitos fundamentais de minorias sociais em face da inércia legislativa,
concluindo-se pela sua compatibilidade com o conjunto normativo constitucional e com a função judicial.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristics of Enterocin Producing Enterococci against Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Mojsova Sandra , Krstevski Kiril , Dzadzovski Igor , Popova Zagorka , Sekulovski Pavle
Published: August 2015

The study investigated the antimicrobial activity of 13 enterococcal strains (E. faecalis -8, E. faecium-2, E. hirae-2, E. spp.-1) isolated from our traditional cheeses against pathogen microorganisms. Also, it includes the detection of the following enterocin structural genes: enterocin A, enterocin B, enterocin P, enterocin L50A/B, bacteriocin 31, enterocin AS48, enterocin Q, enterocin EJ97 and cytolysin by using PCR method. All isolates inhibited growth of L. monocytogenes and L.innocua. One isolate had a broader antimicrobial activity. None of the isolates showed inhibitory activity against S. enteritidis, E. coli and Y. enterocolitica. The genes enterocin P, cytolysin and enterocin A were the most frequently detected structural genes among the PCR positive strains. No amplification was obtained in two strains E. faecalis-25 and E. faecalis-86. Three different genes were identified in some strains. With the exclusion of strains possessing a virulence factor, such as cytolysin, producers of more than one enterocins could be of a great technological potential as protective cultures in the cheese industry.
Fetal exposure to ethanol: relationship between ethyl glucuronide in maternal hair during pregnancy and ethyl glucuronide in neonatal meconium
Authors: Joya Xavier , Marchei Emilia , Salat-Batlle Judith , García-Algar Oscar , Calvaresi Valeria , Pacifici Roberta , Pichini Simona
Published: August 2015

In recent years, fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) and ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in meconium emerged as reliable, direct biological markers for establishing gestational ethanol exposure. We investigated whether EtG in maternal hair measured during the three trimesters of pregnancy correlated with EtG and FAEEs in neonatal meconium.

In a prospective sample of 80 mother-infant dyads from Barcelona (Spain), we measured EtG and FAEE in maternal hair segments and meconium samples using a validated UHPLC-MS/MS method.

Fifty-eight (72.5%) women had EtG concentrations in the hair shafts >7 pg/mg in one or more pregnancy trimesters, and EtG and FAEEs in meconium samples were documented in 50 and 24 of their neonates, respectively. The best significant correlations (p<0.0001) were found between EtG concentration in the proximal 0–3 and 3–6 hair shaft segments corresponding to the last two pregnancy trimesters and EtG in neonatal meconium (ρ=0.609 and ρ=0.577, respectively). Using the combination of EtG in meconium ≥30 ng/g and a median of EtG >11 pg/mg in maternal hair during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, prenatal ethanol exposure could be predicted with a sensitivity of 85.7% and specificity of 73.7%.

This study provides evidence of proven fetal exposure to ethanol during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy by linking detection of ethanol biomarkers (EtG) in maternal hair segments and EtG in neonatal meconium.
A Democratic Opening? The AKP and the Kurdish Left
Authors: Cavanaugh Kathleen , Hughes Edel
Published: August 2015

Since its foundation, militant democratic arguments have underpinned an enforced secularism in Turkey. The 2002 election of the AKP, described as a “moderate Islamist party”, has challenged Turkey’s secular identity. In the more than twelve years since the AKP has been in power, Turkey’s political landscape has experienced significant changes, with periods of extensive democratic reforms punctuated by regression in certain areas, notably freedom of expression and the right to protest. State repressive measures coupled with Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s reluctance to exit the political stage have been the focus of much commentary and analysis. This article argues, however, that under AKP rule the Kurdish issue – critical to ensuring the normalization of politics and democratization in Turkey – has been brought in from the political cold and assesses the creation and role of the HDP (
Plasticizing effects of citrate esters on properties of poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Maiza Mounira , Benaniba Mohamed Tahar , Massardier-Nageotte Valérie
Published: August 2015

Triethyl citrate (TEC) and acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) were used as plasticizer for poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The treated and plasticized PLA at various concentrations were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and opacity. DSC was used to evaluate the crystallinity and thermal property of all the samples. It was found that the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the melting temperature (Tm) decreased as the amount of citrate esters increased. Additionally, the presence of TEC or ATBC tended to increase the crystallinity of PLA. This result was supported by XRD. DMA of plasticized PLA indicates that a decrease in Tg is obtained with increasing plasticizer content. FTIR spectra indicate that there are some molecular interactions by intermolecular hydrogen bonds between PLA and citrate esters. The effect of the concentration of plasticizer on the opacity of the films was negligible.
Die Bismarck – der Arena – das Adler
Authors: Nübling Damaris
Published: August 2015

German proper names divide in two large classes, with and without obligatory definite articles: die Bismarck ‘the (feminine) Bismarck – a ship’ vs. Ø Rheinhausen ‘Ø Rheinhausen (neuter) – a town’. Since proper names are inherently definite, the article cannot express definiteness. Rather, the article is part of a classifier system which provides information about the referent: names of ships, rivers and mountains always take the definite (onymic) article whereas names of towns, states and continents do not take the article. Furthermore, the inherited three-gender system in combination with the presence or absence of the article is used to create a new system of six proper name classes: a) with article: names of ships always are feminine (die Bismarck), names of cars are masculine (der Corona), and names of restaurants are neuter (das Heiliggeist); b) without article: names of towns are neuter (Ø Rheinhausen), names of males are masculine (Ø Sascha), and names of females are feminine (Ø Sandra). Thus gender also provides information about the referent. This article deals with the diachronic change from empty categories (“junk”) to a new classifier system and argues for a case of degrammaticalisation with respect to gender and for one of exaptation with respect to the article. This development towards a real classifier system is rather new. Its consolidation can be observed in present German.
The Insanity Defense to Suicide
Authors: Massello W
Published: August 2015

The certification of suicide as the manner of death can result in either the complete loss or a significant reduction in life insurance benefits to the victim's survivors. It is, thus, not uncommon for these beneficiaries to contest suicide as the manner of death. Insanity is a recognized defense in law against suicide. It is recognized in law that, in some cases, an insane man cannot intentionally destroy himself. However, it is also recognized that life insurers can exclude suicide by an insane man from coverage. This article discusses the common law doctrines upon which the insanity defense to suicide is based, with references to judicial opinions from cases which involve contested suicides and the issue of insanity.
Sudden Death Associated with Contrast Medium, Sinografin®
Authors: Edelstein JM
Published: August 2015

A case of sudden death following the injection into the uterine cavity of a contrast medium, Sinografin®, is reported.
Death as a Result of an Adverse Reaction from Nalidixic Acid
Authors: Frazer M , Gault R
Published: August 2015

This article reports a death occurring in an apparently healthy, 27-year-old male as a consequence of an adverse reaction to a common urinary tract antibiotic (nalidixic acid). The deceased had cardiac enlargement at autopsy. The clinical presentation before his sudden death coincides with the occurrence of seizures and psychotic reaction as an adverse reaction to the injection of the drug, rather than merely a result of cardiac symptoms.
Suicide by Exposure to Sulfuryl Fluoride
Authors: Scheuerman EH
Published: August 2015

The insecticide fumigant, sulfuryl fluoride, was used as an instrument of self destruction in at least two of the three fatal exposures detailed in this report. The autopsy findings, while nonspecific, have a confirmatory value. Toxicologic analysis should include a plasma and a urine fluoride level, since the toxic effects of exposure are probably related to this ion. Concentrations of fluoride in our cases were: 50.42 mg/L (Case 1) and 20 mg/L (Case 3). However, the values must be interpreted in light of all known information as a result of the paucity of reported cases of fatal sulfuryl fluoride exposures. The cases described provide a model for the investigation of tent fumigation deaths. Proper investigation of fumigant deaths requires knowledge of the insecticide, the fumigation procedure, and the implementation of warning devices. Guidelines are offered along with a procedural checklist for the investigation of tent fumigation deaths.
The Use of Circular Scales in the Perspective Grid Technique of Making Photographic Measurements
Authors: Hyzer WG
Published: August 2015

The perspective grid technique commonly utilizes a square reference scale in the camera's field of view from which a grid pattern is graphically laid out in the photograph to measure distances lying in the same object plane as the scale. An improved technique described in this paper uses three circular scales as a basis for determining the X and Y coordinates of a point in the object plane from the x and y coordinate positions of its image in the photograph. This method offers the advantages of better accuracy and less tedious graphic methods of grid construction. A step-by-step procedure of constructing rectangular coordinate systems using either circular or square reference scales is presented.
Results of a Study to Determine the Probability of Chance Match Occurrences Between Fibers Known to be from Different Sources
Authors: Fong W , Inami SH
Published: August 2015

The results of a study to determine the frequency of chance match occurrences among fibers known to be from different sources is described. Fibers from articles of clothing of individuals from cases were recovered through an adhesive rolling device and segregated to microscope slides under Cargille H. D. refractive index liquid ND25 = 1.525. They were identified as to type through polarizing microscopy and dispersion staining techniques, and characterized through morphological characteristics and color. The information developed from these steps was entered onto a multi-sort card to permit retrieval of fibers for microscopical comparison by groups. Effectively, 283 882 comparisons involving control and random fibers from 40 articles of fabric were performed. The results reported are believed to give realistic estimates of the probability of chance fiber matches as they can occur in practice. Also given are methods for computing probability, and a discussion of the results.
Multiple Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) in the Assessment of Criminal Defendants
Authors: Rogers R , Cunnien AJ
Published: August 2015

Psychiatric and psychological assessment of criminal defendants is often complicated by the retrospective nature requiring (1) an overreliance on self-reported data and (2) the need to achieve a high degree of certainty in formulating the diagnosis and subsequent expert opinion within the context of an adversarial evaluation. The Multiple Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) evaluation involves the application of an extensive diagnostic interview that has demonstrated a high degree of reliability and satisfactory validity in making current and lifetime diagnoses. The multiple SADS entails sequential administrations of the SADS, first to the defendant and later to significant others regarding the defendant's functioning during the time period in question. This comprehensive approach allows for the systematic examination of individual symptoms and the clear delineation of disparities and areas of agreement. Usefulness of the multiple SADS evaluation is exemplified in a case study involving criminal responsibility.
Is It a Petroleum Product? How Do You Know?
Authors: Midkiff CR
Published: August 2015

Rapid developments in the production of hydrocarbons and alcohols from nonpetroleum sources are leading to partial or total replacement of traditional petroleum products with synthetic materials. Because of the compositional similarity of these new products to those made from petroleum, they may not readily be distinguished in routine gas chromatographic analyses of arson evidence. The report or court testimony of the analyst may require modification to reflect the impact of this new technology and accelerants should not be characterized as petroleum products unless supported by additional data.
Applications of Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry to Toner Materials from Photocopiers
Authors: Levy EJ , Wampler TP
Published: August 2015

Analytical pyrolysis, pyrolysis gas chromatography (GC), and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) have been used extensively in forensic science laboratories for the identification of difficult samples. Much of the original work concerned samples of paint—generally from cases involving automobiles. Since then many other materials have been examined, including fibers from clothing, hair, and a variety of polymeric substances. Other investigators have used pyrolysis GC to examine cellulose products such as wood, bark, paper, and so forth, and yet others have used the technique to look at pigments, coatings, and inks. This paper presents the analysis of a variety of photocopies produced by different manufacturers of copying instruments. Sections of the printed paper were pyrolyzed, and the pyrolysates were analyzed by GC/MS. Specific differences were noted to be dependent on the type of toner material used in the photocopying process of each make of copier. Significant peaks were selected and identified by their mass spectra to indicate the chemical differences in toner material. Pyrograms and mass spectral data are presented for the toner material, toner on paper, and blank paper for subtraction from the pyrograms of toner material on paper.