bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel nanocomposite-based zeolite for efficient remediation of Cd-contaminated industrial wastewater
Authors: Elkhatib Elsayed A. , Moharem Mohamed L. , Saad Ahmed F. , Abdelhamed Safa
Published: March 2024

Novel nanocomposite sorbent was produced by depositing nanostructured water treatment residual (nWTR) onto zeolite (Ze) using high-energy ball milling process. The physicochemical properties of nanocomposite (Ze-nWTR) prior and after Cd adsorption were analyzed by SEM–EDX, FTIR, BET and XRD. A batch study of cadmium adsorption (Ze-nWTR) was performed at various process parameters (sorbent dose, contact time, solution pH, competing ions, initial concentration and temperature). The obtained data were fitted to various equilibrium and kinetics models. The Langmuir and power function models successfully described Cd adsorption equilibrium and kinetic processes, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) value of Cd by Ze-nWTR nanocomposite (147 mgg−1) was 3 and 5.9 times higher than those of nWTR and zeolite sorbents, respectively. Increasing temperature from 287 to 307 K has resulted in increasing the maximum Cd adsorption capacity (qmax) of the nanocomposite from 147.9 to 270 mgg−1. The calculated thermodynamics parameters suggested physical and chemical attraction between Cd and Ze-nWTR and the association of dissociative mechanism in Cd(II) sorption process. The excellent reusability and Cd removal ability of Ze-nWTR nanocomposite (98%) from industrial wastewater confirm its potential as promising adsorbent for wastewater treatment applications.
Extracting of prospective groundwater potential zones using remote sensing data, GIS, and multi-criteria decision-making approach in the Sub-Himalayan Dooars region of West Bengal, India
Authors: Roy Dipesh , Barman Sanjoy , Mandal Goutam , Mitra Rajib , Sarkar Amit , Hossain Golap , Roy Puja , Almohamad Hussein , Abdo Hazem Ghassan , Mandal Deepak Kumar
Published: March 2024

Groundwater is one of the fundamental sources of fresh water. Currently, the unequal distribution of groundwater poses a significant environmental crisis, leading to scarcity in certain regions and affecting the livelihood of living organisms worldwide. The present study introduces the Sub-Himalayan foothills Dooars, a highly populated and agriculturally based area. To delineate the groundwater potentiality eight different effective parameters have been employed such as slope, geomorphology, soil, LULC, lineament, rainfall, hydrogeology, and drainage density. For the process and development of these eight thematic layers, geographic information systems and satellite images (Landsat 8) have been used to give the normalized weight and rank value in each thematic layer and their sub-criteria. MCDA-AHP-based model is used for overlay analysis to delineate groundwater potentiality (GWPZ). After overlay analysis in ArcGIS 10.2.2 final groundwater potentiality map is further grouped into four potentiality zones, i.e., very high, high, moderate, and low potential zones. A very high potential zone encompasses 22.45 sq. km. in the southern portion of the selected study region. The high potential zone encompasses 1613.32 sq. km in the southeastern part, the moderate zone is covered by 1063.84 sq.km, and the 71.03 sq.km (2.56% area of the region) area is covered by the low potential zone. The available well data from CGWB have been utilized to assess the potential of groundwater in the district, ensuring originality and authentic validation. It is found that there is a correlation between the observed potentiality zone and existing well data. With the growing population in the Sub-Himalayan Dooars region, there has been a corresponding rise in the demand for water. Hence, this research would assist the authorities and policymakers in effectively managing the groundwater resources in the district.
Prediction of groundwater level using GMDH artificial neural network based on climate change scenarios
Authors: Azizi Ehsan , Yosefvand Fariborz , Yaghoubi Behrouz , Izadbakhsh Mohammad Ali , Shabanlou Saeid
Published: March 2024

One of the main challenges regarding the prediction of groundwater resource changes is the climate change phenomenon and its impacts on quantitative variations of such resources. Groundwater resources are treated as one of the main strategic resources of any region. Given the climate change phenomenon and its impacts on hydrological parameters, it is necessary to evaluate and predict future changes to achieve an appropriate plan to maintain and preserve water resources. In this regard, the present study is put forward by utilizing the Statistical Down-Scaling Model (SDSM) to forecast the main climate variables (i.e., temperature and precipitation) based on new Rcp scenarios for greenhouse gas emissions within a period from 2020 to 2060. The results obtained from the prediction of climate parameters indicate different values in each emission scenario, so the limit, minimum and maximum values occur in the Rcp8.5, Rcp2.6 and Rcp4.5 scenarios, respectively. Also, a model is developed by utilizing the GMDH artificial neural network technique. The developed model predicts the average groundwater level based on the climate variables in such a way that by implementing the climate parameters forecasted by the SDSM model, the groundwater level within a time period from 2020 to 2060 is predicted. The results obtained from the verification and validation of the model imply its proper performance and reasonable accuracy in predicating groundwater level based on the climate variables. The findings derived from the present paper indicate that compared to the years prior to the prediction period, the groundwater level of the Sahneh Plain has dramatically dropped so that based on the Rcp scenarios, the groundwater level values are in their lowest state within the period from 2046 to 2056. The findings of this paper can be used by managers and decision makers as a layout for evaluating climate change effects in the Sahneh Plain.
Flood mapping based on novel ensemble modeling involving the deep learning, Harris Hawk optimization algorithm and stacking based machine learning
Authors: Costache Romulus , Pal Subodh Chandra , Pande Chaitanya B. , Islam Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul , Alshehri Fahad , Abdo Hazem Ghassan
Published: March 2024

Among the various natural disasters that take place around the world, flood is considered to be the most extensive. There have been several floods in Buzău river basin, and as a result of this, the area has been chosen as the study area. For the purpose of this research, we applied deep learning and machine learning benchmarks in order to prepare flood potential maps at the basin scale. In this regard 12 flood predictors, 205 flood and 205 non-flood locations were used as input data into the following 3 complex models: Deep Learning Neural Network-Harris Hawk Optimization-Index of Entropy (DLNN-HHO-IOE), Multilayer Perceptron-Harris Hawk Optimization-Index of Entropy (MLP-HHO-IOE) and Stacking ensemble-Harris Hawk Optimization-Index of Entropy (Stacking-HHO-IOE). The flood sample was divided into training (70%) and validating (30%) sample, meanwhile the prediction ability of flood conditioning factors was tested through the Correlation-based Feature Selection method. ROC Curve and statistical metrics were involved in the results validation. The modeling process through the stated algorithms showed that the most important flood predictors are represented by: slope (importance ≈ 20%), distance from river (importance ≈ 17.5%), land use (importance ≈ 12%) and TPI (importance ≈ 10%). The importance values were used to compute the flood susceptibility, while Natural Breaks method was used to classify the results. The high and very high flood susceptibility is spread on approximately 35–40% of the study zone. The ROC Curve, in terms of Success, Rate shows that the highest performance was achieved FPIDLNN-HHO-IOE (AUC = 0.97), followed by FPIStacking-HHO-IOE (AUC = 0.966) and FPIMLP-HHO-IOE (AUC = 0.953), while the Prediction Rate indicates the FPIStacking-HHO-IOE as being the most performant model with an AUC of 0.977, followed by FPIDLNN-HHO-IOE (AUC = 0.97) and FPIMLP-HHO-IOE (AUC = 0.924).
In situ chemical oxidation of tinidazole in aqueous media by heat-activated persulfate: kinetics, thermodynamic, and mineralization studies
Authors: Zarei Amin Allah , Bazrafshan Edris , Mosafer Jafar , Foroughi Maryam , Khaksefidi Razieh , Boghsani Gholamheidar Teimori , Mohammadi Leili , Dargahi Abdollah
Published: March 2024

This study investigated the use of heat-activated persulfate (HAP) as a chemical oxidation technique for removing tinidazole (TNZ) antibiotic from aqueous solutions. The impact of various operating parameters, including TNZ initial concentration (20 μM), persulfate (PS) initial dose (0.2–2 mM), solution pH (3–11), solution temperature (20–60 °C), and reaction time (10–120 min), was examined. The results indicated that sulfate radicals were the primary species responsible for TNZ degradation. Higher temperatures and PS concentrations improved the process, while higher pH values and TNZ initial concentrations slowed it down. Additionally, chloride and bicarbonate ions reduced reaction rates, with chloride ions having a more significant effect. Under optimal conditions (including [TNZ]0 = 20 μM, pH = 7, [PS]0 = 1 mM, temperature = 60 °C, and reaction time = 120 min), the removal efficiency achieved was 91.15%, with a mineralization rate of 85.8%. These results suggest that the process is relatively safe. The degradation of TNZ was best described by the pseudo-first-order model compared to other models. Additionally, the process was found to be exothermic and spontaneous, with a negative Gibbs free energy change indicating that it is thermodynamically feasible. The study found HAP to be an effective and cost-efficient technique for removing TNZ antibiotic due to its ease of operation and the absence of the need for additional chemicals or waste handling. Based on these findings, HAP can be considered an advanced oxidation technique for treating antibiotic-contaminated water.
Whole genome sequencing of mouse lines divergently selected for fatness (FLI) and leanness (FHI) revealed several genetic variants as candidates for novel obesity genes
Authors: Šimon Martin , Mikec Špela , Atanur Santosh S. , Konc Janez , Morton Nicholas M. , Horvat Simon , Kunej Tanja
Published: March 2024

Background

Analysing genomes of animal model organisms is widely used for understanding the genetic basis of complex traits and diseases, such as obesity, for which only a few mouse models exist, however, without their lean counterparts.

Objective

To analyse genetic differences in the unique mouse models of polygenic obesity (Fat line) and leanness (Lean line) originating from the same base population and established by divergent selection over more than 60 generations.

Methods

Genetic variability was analysed using WGS. Variants were identified with GATK and annotated with Ensembl VEP. g.Profiler, WebGestalt, and KEGG were used for GO and pathway enrichment analysis. miRNA seed regions were obtained with miRPathDB 2.0, LncRRIsearch was used to predict targets of identified lncRNAs, and genes influencing adipose tissue amount were searched using the IMPC database.

Results

WGS analysis revealed 6.3 million SNPs, 1.3 million were new. Thousands of potentially impactful SNPs were identified, including within 24 genes related to adipose tissue amount. SNP density was highest in pseudogenes and regulatory RNAs. The Lean line carries SNP rs248726381 in the seed region of mmu-miR-3086-3p, which may affect fatty acid metabolism. KEGG analysis showed deleterious missense variants in immune response and diabetes genes, with food perception pathways being most enriched. Gene prioritisation considering SNP GERP scores, variant consequences, and allele comparison with other mouse lines identified seven novel obesity candidate genes: 4930441H08Rik, Aff3, Fam237b, Gm36633, Pced1a, Tecrl, and Zfp536.

Conclusion

WGS revealed many genetic differences between the lines that accumulated over the selection period, including variants with potential negative impacts on gene function. Given the increasing availability of mouse strains and genetic polymorphism catalogues, the study is a valuable resource for researchers to study obesity.
Impact of 2D engine nacelle flow on buffet
Authors: Lürkens Thomas , Meinke Matthias , Schröder Wolfgang
Published: March 2024

Numerical studies on the interaction of nacelle and airfoil shock dynamics are performed. To keep the computational cost at an acceptable level, first 2D investigations on the interaction of nacelle and airfoil are performed that cover basic dynamic phenomena of this configuration. The transonic flow around the OAT15A airfoil is computed at buffet conditions, i.e., freestream Mach number $$Ma{_\infty } = 0.73$$

M
a

∞

=
0.73

, chord-based freestream Reynolds number $$Re_c = 2\cdot 10^6$$

R

e
c

=
2
·

10
6

, and angle of attack $$\alpha = 3.5^\circ $$

α
=
3
.

5
∘

using wall-modeled LES. Two configurations are considered, one which includes a generic 2D ultra-high bypass ratio (UHBR) engine nacelle geometry and one without an engine, which is denoted the baseline case. In addition to the airfoil shock, the flow field of the nacelle configuration is characterized by a shock wave on the upper part of the nacelle. Furthermore, the introduction of the UHBR-engine nacelle leads to a reduced effective angle of attack and Mach number in the flow to the airfoil. The changes in the topology of the flow to the airfoil caused by the nacelle lead to a reduced strength of the airfoil shock and a less developed buffet, which resembles the behavior close to the stability limit. The reduced shock dynamics yields lower pressure fluctuations at the airfoil trailing edge. A frequency analysis of time series data from the airfoil shock location shows a reduction of the buffet frequency for the nacelle configuration. Further investigations of the flow field dynamics using sparsity-promoting dynamic mode decomposition reveal a mutual mode between the airfoil shock and the nacelle shock. The existence of this mode has consequences for future investigations of nacelle airfoil interaction in transonic flow.
Review of Fiber-Optic Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors: Geometries, Fabrication Technologies, and Bio-Applications
Authors: Lu Mengdi , Wang Chen , Fan Ruizhi , Lin Ming , Guang Jianye , Peng Wei
Published: March 2024

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensors, which enable nanoscale confinement and manipulation of light, offer the enhanced sensitivity and electromagnetic energy localization. The integration of LSPR with the fiber-optic technology has led to the development of compact and versatile sensors for miniaturization and remote sensing. This comprehensive review explores various sensor configurations, fiber types, and geometric shapes, highlighting their benefits in terms of sensitivity, integration, and performance improvement. Fabrication techniques such as focused non-chemical bonding strategies and self-assembly of nanoparticles are discussed, providing control over nanostructure morphology and enhancing sensor performance. Bio-applications of fiber-optic LSPR (FOLSPR) sensors are detailed, specifically in biomolecular interactions and analysis of proteins, pathogens and cells, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), and other small molecules (organic compounds and heavy metal ions). Surface modification and detection schemes are emphasized for their potential for label-free and real-time biosensing. The challenges and prospects of FOLSPR sensors are addressed, including the developments in sensitivity, fabrication techniques, and measurement reliability. Integration with emerging technologies such as nanomaterials is highlighted as a promising direction for future research. Overall, this review provides insights into the advancements and potential applications of FOLSPR sensors, paving the way for sensitive and versatile optical biosensing platforms in various fields.
Robust Drug Use Detection on X: Ensemble Method with a Transformer Approach
Authors: Al-Ghannam Reem , Ykhlef Mourad , Al-Dossari Hmood
Published: March 2024

There is a growing trend for groups associated with drug use to exploit social media platforms to propagate content that poses a risk to the population, especially those susceptible to drug use and addiction. Detecting drug-related social media content has become important for governments, technology companies, and those responsible for enforcing laws against proscribed drugs. Their efforts have led to the development of various techniques for identifying and efficiently removing drug-related content, as well as for blocking network access for those who create it. This study introduces a manually annotated Twitter dataset consisting of 112,057 tweets from 2008 to 2022, compiled for use in detecting associations connected with drug use. Working in groups, expert annotators classified tweets as either related or unrelated to drug use. The dataset was subjected to exploratory data analysis to identify its defining features. Several classification algorithms, including support vector machines, XGBoost, random forest, Naive Bayes, LSTM, and BERT, were used in experiments with this dataset. Among the baseline models, BERT with textual features achieved the highest F1-score, at 0.9044. However, this performance was surpassed when the BERT base model and its textual features were concatenated with a deep neural network model, incorporating numerical and categorical features in the ensemble method, achieving an F1-score of 0.9112. The Twitter dataset used in this study was made publicly available to promote further research and enhance the accuracy of the online classification of English-language drug-related content.
Developing a novel, low-cost, antimicrobial, and biodegradable pectin/HEC/ZnO biofilm for edible food packaging applications
Authors: El Habbasha El Sayed , Abouzeid Ragab , Ibrahim Faten M. , Youssef Ahmed M. , Mahdy Sara Z. A. , El-Liethy Mohamed Azab
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of pectin extracted from orange waste by acid hydrolysis and prepared Pectin/ hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) biofilm for food packaging applications. The pectin/HEC/ZnO biofilms were prepared in an aqueous solution at room temperature using solvent casting method and characterized by different techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Also, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), mechanical properties, and water vapor permeability-WVP were evaluated. Moreover, its antimicrobial activity against Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enterica Typhimiurium) and two Gram positive bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus), and also has antifungal activity against Candida albicans was assessed. The obtained results display that the water vapor permeability (WVP) indicated a reduction in permeability with increased ZnO concentration, with WVPs ranging from 2.55 × 10−12 to 4.28 × 10−12 gm/pas.m2, which indicates that our pectin/HEC/ZnO bionanocomposite biofilm could efficiently decrease moisture transfer, thereby potentially extending the shelf-life of packaged food products. Furthermore, the results showed enhanced tensile strength and flexibility in the biofilms with the addition of 1% ZnO nanoparticles from 1.2 to 2.6 MPa and 4.5 to 13 MPa respectively. The WVP indicated a reduction in permeability with increased ZnO concentration, with WVPs ranging from 2.55 × 10−12 to 4.28 × 10−12 gm/pas.m2. The antimicrobial activity against pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans was significant, with a 99.96% reduction in E. coli counts at a biofilm concentration of 200 mg/mL. Furthermore, the current study revealed that the synthesized bionanocomposite biofilms had excellent qualities such as transparency, flexibility, low cost, and being environmentally friendly. The pectin/HEC/ZnO bionanocomposite was found to be an ideal biofilm for food packaging due to its safety and affordability, which is able to prolong food shelf-life.
Discriminative ability of the original and short form of the Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale and its individual items for falls in people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Abasıyanık Zuhal , Kahraman Turhan , Baba Cavid , Sağıcı Özge , Ertekin Özge , Özakbaş Serkan ,   on behalf of Multiple Sclerosis Research Group
Published: March 2024

Background

Balance confidence is an essential component of fall risk assessment in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS).

Aims

The aims of this cross-sectional study were to 1) investigate the ability of the 16-item Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale (ABC-16), 6-item Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale (ABC-6), and each item of the ABC-16 for distinguishing fallers and 2) determine cutoff scores for these scales to discriminate fallers and non-fallers in pwMS.

Methods

One hundred and fifty-six participants [fallers/non-fallers: 60 (38.5%)/96 (61.5%), median EDSS: 1.5] were enrolled. Balance confidence was assessed using the ABC-16 and ABC-6. The self-reported number of falls in the past three months was recorded. Descriptive assessments, including walking, balance, and cognition were performed. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analyses were conducted to estimate the sensitivities and specificities of the ABC-16 and ABC-6.

Results

Both the ABC-16 (AUC: 0.85) and ABC-6 (AUC: 0.84) had the discriminative ability for falls. Each item of the ABC-16 scale was a significantly related to falls [odds ratio (OR) range: 1.38 to 1.89]. Items 8 and 10 had the highest odds ratio (OR: 1.85; 95%CI: 1.47–2.33, OR: 1.89; 95%CI: 1.49–2.40; respectively). We found cutoff scores of ≤ 70 of 100 (sensitivity: 71.67, specificity: 86.46) and ≤ 65/100 (sensitivity: 76.67, specificity: 79.17) in discrimination between fallers and non-fallers for the ABC-16 and ABC-6, respectively.

Conclusion

Both original and short forms of the ABC scale are an efficient tool for discriminating fallers and non-fallers in pwMS. Although all items are related to falls, outdoor walking activities have the strongest associations with falls than other items.
Associations Between Behavioral Addictions and Mental Health Concerns During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Alimoradi Zainab , Broström Anders , Potenza Marc N. , Lin Chung-Ying , Pakpour Amir H.
Published: March 2024

Purpose of Review

The COVID-19 pandemic has promoted behavioral changes and elevated mental distress. Addictive behaviors often increased, generating mental health problems. The present study’s primary aim was to investigate associations between different types of behavioral addictions (including behavioral addictions, related conditions, and phenomena) and different types of mental health problems. The secondary aims were: (i) to identify possible sources of heterogeneity and (ii) to explore potential moderators in associations between different types of behavioral addictions (including behavioral addictions, related conditions, and phenomena) and different types of mental health problems.

Recent Findings

Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), studies from the period between December 2019 and May 2023 were sought from PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar in its first ten pages. The articles’ relevance was screened and evaluated. The included papers’ quality was assessed according to the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Fisher’s Z scores were computed to present magnitudes of associations and I2 indices were used to estimate levels of heterogeneity in the meta-analysis. Among the 85 included studies (N = 104,425 from 23 countries; mean age = 24.22 years; 60.77% female), most were internet-related behavioral addictions, related conditions, and phenomena (28 studies on social media, 25 on internet, 23 on smartphone, and 12 on gaming). The pooled estimation of the associations showed that higher levels of behavioral addictions, related conditions, and phenomena related to internet use (regardless of type) were associated with more mental health problems (regardless of which type). Moderator analyses showed that almost no variables affected heterogeneity for the founded associations.

Most studies of behavioral addictions, related conditions, and phenomena focused on internet-related behaviors, with studies suggesting relationships with specific types of mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, associations between behavioral addictions (including behavioral addictions, related conditions, and phenomena) and mental health problems found in the present systematic review and meta-analysis were comparable to the associations identified in studies conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic. How to help people reduce internet-related behavioral addictions, related conditions, and phenomena and address associated mental health concerns are important topics for healthcare providers.
Recent Evidence on the Relation Between Cannabis Use, Brain Structure, and Function: Highlights and Challenges
Authors: Colyer-Patel Karis , Romein Christophe , Kuhns Lauren , Cousijn Janna , Kroon Emese
Published: March 2024

Purpose of Review

This narrative review provides an update of our knowledge on the relation between heavy cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD) and the brain based on (f)MRI studies conducted in the past 5 years.

Recent Findings

Heavy cannabis use and CUD are associated with structural brain changes—particularly volume—as well as altered resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in several networks and regions. Task-based fMRI studies reveal altered activity and connectivity in cannabis users compared to controls, but consistency of the results is domain dependent. Heaviness of use, CUD status, age, sex, and tobacco co-use are important potential moderators of the effects of cannabis on the brain.

Heavy cannabis use and CUD are associated with differences in brain structure and function, but causality remains unclear, and long-term effects following abstinence require further investigation. Considering moderators of the effects of cannabis on the brain is crucial to further assess individual differences in the impact of cannabis use.
Burnout bei Tierärzten im Altersvergleich
Authors: Böckelmann Irina , Pohl Robert , Thielmann Beatrice
Published: March 2024

Hintergrund

Tierärzte unterliegen hohen arbeitsbedingten Belastungsfaktoren, die sich negativ auf die psychische Gesundheit auswirken können. Es ist bekannt, dass die Prävalenz von Burnout und das Suizidrisiko bei Tierärzten weltweit hoch sind. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Ausprägungen der Burnout-Dimensionen und des Burnout-Risikos in drei Altersgruppen bei deutschen Tierärzten zu untersuchen sowie die berufs- und arbeitsplatzbezogene Situation der Tierärzte darzustellen.

Methodik

Es nahmen 1053 Tierärzte (35,4 % Männer, 64,6 % Frauen) verschiedener Fachbereiche an der Befragung teil. Die Erhebung der Daten erfolgte mithilfe eines Fragebogens zu soziodemografischen und berufsbezogenen Informationen sowie des Maslach-Burnout-Inventars (MBI). Die Auswertungen erfolgten anhand einer Altersgruppen(AG)-Einteilung: AG I ≤ 35 Jahre (n = 348), AG II > 35–≤ 45 Jahre (n = 361) und AG > 45 Jahre (n = 344).

Ergebnisse

Bei der Betrachtung der Burnout-Dimensionen innerhalb der drei Altersgruppen zeigten sich signifikante Unterschiede in den Dimensionen „Emotionale Erschöpfung“ (pKruskal-Wallis = 0,025) und „Leistungsfähigkeit“ (pKruskal-Wallis = 0,003). Die Tierärzte der mittleren Altersgruppe waren im Durchschnitt mehr emotional erschöpft. Die jüngeren Tierärzte gaben eine schlechtere Leistungsfähigkeit als die anderen beiden Altersgruppen an. Ein Drittel der Befragten hatte kein Burnout-Risiko. Jeder zweite Tierarzt (50,9 %) gab einige Burnout-Symptome an. 14,6 % der Studienteilnehmer wurden in die Gruppe „Burnout-Risiko“ eingestuft. Die Prävalenz des Burnout-Risikos nach der Klassifikation von Kalimo et al. lag in der vorliegenden Studie bei 17,0 % in der AG I, bei 15,8 % in der AG II und bei 11,0 % in der AG III.

Diskussion

Die hohe Prävalenz des Burnout-Risikos und der hohe Anteil der Tierärzte mit einigen Burnout-Symptomen zeigt die zwingende Notwendigkeit zur Durchführung der Gefährdungsbeurteilung auf, um Belastungsfaktoren zu erkennen und ihnen entgegenzuwirken. Neben technischen, organisatorischen und persönlichen Schutzmaßnahmen bieten sich hier auch Maßnahmen zur Stärkung der persönlichen Ressourcen der Mitarbeitenden aller Altersgruppen an.
Information about changes in platform economy taxation diminishes optimism regarding future use
Authors: Mol Jantsje M. , Molho Catherine
Published: March 2024

Some economic interactions are based on trust, others on monetary incentives or monitoring. In the tax compliance context, the monitoring approach creates compliance based on audits and fines (enforced compliance), in contrast to the trust-based (voluntary compliance) approach, which is based on taxpayers’ willingness to comply. Here, we examine how changes in taxation regarding platform economy revenues affect intended labor supply on such platforms. New EU legislation, effective from 2023, will mandate data sharing between platforms and tax authorities across Europe, thus resulting in increased monitoring. We investigate how this upcoming shift in monitoring power affects the intended use of platforms and how it may interact with users’ trust. We use a survey among platform workers (N = 626) in the Netherlands to examine views of the proposed regulation change, corrected for the proportion of platform income and several measures of trust. We experimentally manipulate information by either informing participants about the upcoming monitoring change or not. Results show that informing respondents about the change negatively affects expected supply of labor, and this effect is independent of respondents’ trust. We discuss the policy implications of these results.
Prediction of fatigue lifetime and fatigue limit of aluminum parts produced by PBF-LB/M using a statistical defect distribution
Authors: Strauß Lea , Löwisch Günther
Published: March 2024

Fatigue tests were performed with samples of AlSi10Mg produced by PBF-LB/M. The failure is caused by inhomogeneities nearby or at the surface of the samples. Therefore, the fatigue strength depends on the crack growth behavior at inhomogeneities under the local stress state at the surface, including residual stresses. For a given size of the failure-causing inhomogeneity, the fatigue lifetime can be described using a crack growth law proposed by Murakami et al. The fatigue limit is given by the threshold value of fatigue crack growth according to the approach of El Haddad. Knowing the distribution of the maximum value of inhomogeneity size in a specimen, it is possible to estimate the S–N curve for 10%, 50%, and 90% crack probability.
Addressing ethical issues in outdoor health practice: a scoping review
Authors: Knowles Ben , Marsh Pauline , Prehn Jacob , Maxwell Hazel
Published: March 2024

The Australian Outdoor Health (OH) sector provides diverse practices that support an interconnected human and ecological approach to health and wellbeing. There is an urgent need for the OH sector to develop a comprehensive ethical practice framework, to enable professional recognition and other initiatives to progress. This would bring the sector in line with similar health and wellbeing occupations including social work, psychology, and counselling that have established professional recognition. A key feature of professional recognition is the acceptance of a Code of Ethics or Ethical Framework to guide practice and enhance standing in the field. This scoping review of the literature is undertaken to aid in developing an OH ethical practice framework. Findings suggest the framework should incorporate two overarching themes of beneficence and nonmaleficence, and contain six guiding principles: diversity, equity, advocacy, justice, accountability, and competence. We discuss these findings, situate them within broader OH community and health sector discourses, and make recommendations for establishing an Australian ethical practice framework to assist the move towards professional recognition and drive ethical OH practice.
Law, Practical Reason, and Future Generations
Authors: Riley Stephen
Published: March 2024

Complex moral and political problems like climate change have the capacity to make wrongful (in)actions appear reasonable. This has significance for the central questions of jurisprudence. If we cannot plan rationally for the future, or acts now thought to be rational and blameless become progressively more blameworthy, central elements in our understanding of law – planning, reasonableness, and authority – may diminish in their ability to explain the function and normativity of law. If this is the case, legal positivism and legal non-positivism appear to be confronted with significant, but different, challenges depending on the extent that they conceive of law as future-orientated planning or as a form of practical reasonableness.
Investigation of operational limit of a pulsating heat pipe by estimating local heat transfer
Authors: Iwata Naoko , Bozzoli Fabio
Published: March 2024

How pulsating heat pipes (PHPs) reach their operational limit has not yet been fully understood. This study aims to provide a complete picture of the termination mechanism of the self-oscillation of vapor and liquid. Experimental studies on a 10-turn PHP with HFC-134a were conducted and the filling ratio (FR) was from 20% to 80%. The thermo-fluid behavior in the PHP was investigated by temperature measurements with a high-resolution and high-speed infrared camera and estimation of fluid-to-wall heat flux distributions by solving inverse heat conduction problems. The results suggested that the PHP, increasing heat load, reached the operational limit due to different mechanisms depending on the filling ratio: at a high FR (80%), the liquid volume ratio increased with the increase of the operating temperature, resulting in the compressed liquid phase. At a low FR (20%), when a large amount of heat was applied, the fluid in the evaporator dried out and became a superheated vapor. The PHP with an optimum FR (50%) transferred the maximum heat under the same evaporator temperature, as the fluid in the PHP was able to keep the saturated two-phase state until the evaporator temperature exceeded the critical temperature.
Evaluating the impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic on Banksy’s limited edition print market
Authors: Clark Stephen
Published: March 2024

The global COVID-19 pandemic profoundly impacted almost all aspects of people’s lives. Economic disruptions were felt across various sectors, including the art market. This study analyses the market for the renowned niche street artist, Banksy, specifically focusing on his limited-edition prints. By examining auction price data, the aim is to identify whether a pandemic-induced bubble inflated the prices of these prints. Employing a random effects model, variations in the bubble’s extent across different print images are estimated. The findings provide evidence of a link between high print prices and the pandemic, further suggesting the presence of a bubble in this market. This bubble peaked in the second half of 2020 but had largely receded by mid-2023, with prices returning to roughly expected pre-pandemic levels. As hypothesised, certain print images, notably ‘Love is in the Air’, experienced more pronounced inflation compared to others.
Three different types of AI hype in healthcare
Authors: Strange Michael
Published: March 2024

Healthcare systems are the embodiment of big data – as evident in the logistics of resource management, estate maintenance, diagnoses, patient monitoring, research, etc. – such that human health is often heralded as one of the fields most likely to benefit from AI. Yet, the prevalence of hype – both positive and negative – risks undermining that potential by distracting healthcare policy makers, practitioners, and researchers from many of the non-AI factors that will determine its impact. Here we categorise AI hype in healthcare into three types that include both utopian and dystopian narratives and plot a series of more productive paths ahead by which to realise the potential of AI to improve human healthcare.
CACA guidelines for holistic integrative management of adult acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Wei Hui , Mi Yingchang , Wang Ying , Jiang Erlie , Hu Jianda , Yan Xiaojing , Han Yanqiu , Lai Yongrong , You Yong , Gao Sujun , Gao Chunji , Xu Bing , Yu Wenjuan , Chen Jieping , Chen Suning , Gong Tiejun , Yang Linhua , Yang Jianmin , Du Xin , Du Xin , Li Wei , Li Fei , Li Yan , Li Jian , Li Junmin , Jin Jie , Zhang Xi , Zhang Mei , Zhang Yu , Zhang Guangsen , Song Xianmin , Song Yongping , Jiang Qian , Wu Tong , Liu Ting , Liu Zhuogang , Liu Daihong , Ren Hanyun , Feng Ru , Fu Rong , Zhu Honghu , Sun Zimin , Wang Jianmin , Wang Xin , Wang Jishi , Wang Shaoyuan , Fang Meiyun , Huang He , Hu Yu , Liu Qifa , Ma Jun , Shen Zhixiang , Wu Depei , Huang Xiaojun , Zhou Jianfeng , Ji Chunyan , Qiu Lugui , Li Jianyong , Wang Jianxiang
Published: March 2024

The CACA Guidelines was summarized by Hematology Oncology Committee of China Anti- Cancer Association. This portion of the CACA Guidelines for adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) not only focuses on diagnosis, the treatment options for younger (age < 60 years) and older (age ≥ 60 years) patients (including non-APL, APL, R/R AML), but also pay attention to the treatment of AML complications, including central nervous system leukemia (CNSL), cardiotoxicity, agranulocytosis and fever, hepatitis B virus reactivation, uric acid nephropathy, bleeding and coagulation disorders, and nursing for patients with AML from the perspective of holistic integrative medicine to enhance the quality of life and treatment effects.
Existence of the Solution for a Double Phase System with Convex Nonlinearities
Authors: Feng Yizhe , Shang Suiming , Bai Zhanbing
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we study the following double phase system which contains the convex nonlinearities. By the use of the Nehari manifold, the existence of one nontrivial solution which has nonnegative energy is obtained.
Establishment of Prediction Model for Severe Hypertriglyceridemic Acute Pancreatitis Based on Early Laboratory Indicators
Authors: Hu Juanjuan , Sun Yuansong , Hua Tianfeng , Xiao Wenyan , Yang Min
Published: March 2024

Background

Compared with other types of acute pancreatitis (AP), hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) is younger, recurrent and more prone to exacerbation. Severe HTG-AP has a high fatality rate. Early and accurate prediction of the severity is crucial. However, there is currently a lack of a specific scoring system for the severity of HTG-AP.

Aim/Purpose

To construct a risk prediction model that can accurately predict severe HTG-AP in the early stage and evaluate its clinical value.

Methods

The clinical data of 1768 patients with AP admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2020 to May 2023 were analyzed retrospectively, and 136 HTG-AP patients were finally selected. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed for the early onset indicators to identify the independent risk factors for developing SAP in the patients of HTG-AP. Logistic regression was then utilized to establish a risk prediction model for the severity of HTG-AP, which was subsequently evaluated for its performance through discrimination and calibration analysis.

Results

Of the 136 patients with HTG-AP, 39 patients (28.7%) progressed to severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Multivariate analysis revealed that CRP, RDW/SC, and D-dimer were independent risk factors for developing SAP in the patients of HTG-AP. The logistic regression analysis to establish prediction model was: Logit P = − 8.101 + 0.008 × CRP + 0.425 × D-dimer + 0.743 × RDW/SC. The receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve showed that area under curve (AUC) value of CRP, RDW/SC, D-dimer, and the prediction model were 0.831, 0.843, 0.874, and 0.915, respectively. Moreover, the AUC value of the prediction model and commonly used scoring systems of AP were compared: prediction model (AUC = 0.915) > Ranson (AUC = 0.900) > SOFA (AUC = 0.899) > CTSI (AUC = 0.889) > BISAP (AUC = 0.887).

Conclusion

CRP, RDW/SC and D-dimer were independent risk factors for SAP in the patients of HTG-AP. Compared with commonly used scoring systems of AP, the prediction model had good clinical prediction ability, providing reference for early identification of the patients developing severe HTG-AP and active intervention.
The Tempest
Authors: Shakespeare William
Published: March 2024

The New Cambridge Shakespeare appeals to students worldwide for its up-to-date scholarship and emphasis on performance. The series features line-by-line commentaries and textual notes on the plays and poems. Introductions are regularly refreshed with accounts of new critical, stage and screen interpretations. For this second edition of The Tempest, David Lindley has thoroughly revised the Introduction to take account of the latest developments in criticism and performance. He has also added a completely new section on casting in recent productions of the play. The complex questions this new section raises about colonisation, racial and gender stereotypes and the nature of theatrical experience are explored throughout the introduction. Careful attention is paid to dramatic form, stagecraft, and the use of music and spectacle in The Tempest, a play that is widely regarded as one of Shakespeare's most elusive and suggestive. A revised and updated reading list completes the edition.
Analysis of cross-border free route implementation: A case for Turkish and Ukrainian airspaces
Authors: Ozcan I. A. , Aybek Çetek F.
Published: March 2024

Free route airspace (FRA) are increasingly widespread in European countries. A step further, cross-border FRA aims to implement FRA in a seamless,defragmented airspace in Europe. This study aims to bring a different perspective by extending the scope of cross-border FRA applications beyond socioeconomic status (SES) countries. In the study, analyses were made using fast-time simulation outputs for one of the busiest days of Turkish airspace in 2022. The simulation models of four cases were created and compared in such a way that airspaces of Türkiye, South East Europe free route airspace (SEEFRA) countries and Ukraine combined under different border operations above FL285. Flight trajectories were assessed in terms of flight distance, fuel economy and environmental impact within the aforementioned airspaces. The participation of Turkish airspace in the cross-border region and opening of Ukrainian airspace are examined. Concluded, among all, cross-border FRA implemented through all aforementioned regions (Case 4) may constitute the best benefit for flight trajectories and related variables.
The Right to Refuse Equivalence of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures: Trading on Regulatory Trust?
Authors: Delev Christian , Greaves Siew Jochelle
Published: March 2024

Equivalence is an essential discipline for liberalising trade between States whose sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures are based on divergent regulatory approaches. During the Uruguay Round negotiations, “equivalence” under the SPS Agreement was regarded by negotiators as being “of great importance”, and it was even considered to establish a right for exporting States. In practice, the discipline has remained ineffective, with only thirty-six equivalence recognition decisions made since 1995. This article argues that the underperformance of equivalence as an obligation is structural in nature: in effect, the SPS Agreement establishes a conditional right of importing Members to refuse equivalence requests. As such, exporting Members only gain equivalence protection where they either demonstrate that their measures (1) meet the importing Member’s appropriate level of protection or (2) achieve the same level of protection as parties to recognition agreements. Finally, the need for fostering regulatory trust between domestic SPS regulatory agencies is underscored as a prerequisite for achieving broader equivalence recognition.
Ottoman Policies Regarding Shah Ismāʿīl II as Seen through Ottoman Documents
Authors: Ahmadi Nozhat , Shahinpour Mohammad Amin Keikha
Published: March 2024

Relations between Iran and the Ottoman Empire during the Safavid era were never free of tension, even when there was peace between the two states. In peacetime, both powers secretly and closely monitored the other's movements, either in anticipation of or in preparation for attacks. Due to the destruction of Safavid archives, there is little documentary information in Iranian archives about Iranian-Ottoman relations in the period, forcing us to rely mainly on chronicles and travelogues. However, the Ottoman Mühimme Defterleri (Registers of Important Affairs), which contain a copy of all royal decrees and orders, are a very valuable source for the study of these tense and unstable relations from the Ottoman perspective. According to these registers, upon the coming to power of Shah Ismāʿīl II, the Ottoman government publicly upheld and respected the terms of the Amasya Peace Treaty, while secretly looking for a pretext to resume war against Iran. The question is, however, why the Ottomans did not attack Iran immediately after Ismāʿīl II's accession to the throne. Was it due, as some sources claim, to the bravery Shah Ismāʿīl had previously shown in action against the Ottomans? By examining and analyzing the Mühimme Registers of this period, the authors of the present paper demonstrate that the Ottomans had plans to invade Iran and occupy parts of its territory at the beginning of Ismāʿīl II's accession, but their military campaign was thwarted by the lack of opportunities during the short period of the Safavid king's rule.
Gender, Race, and Interruptions at Supreme Court Confirmation Hearings
Authors: BOYD CHRISTINA L. , COLLINS PAUL M. , RINGHAND LORI A.
Published: March 2024

In this research letter, we examine whether gender and racial bias affect interruption rates at one of the most visible events in American politics: US Supreme Court confirmation hearings. Using original data from 1939 to 2022, we find that male and white participants are more likely to interrupt women and person of color speakers, respectively, relative to male and white speakers. This finding holds for both senators and nominees as interrupters. Our results provide evidence that biased interruptive behavior occurs in even the most public and salient of political settings and that it can be mitigated (or intensified) by shared (or opposite) partisanship among speaking pairs. We also find interruption inequalities are not isolated to women as the interrupted, revealing that people of color in political and legal settings are subject to heightened rates of interruptions as well.
Glutty and simple?
Authors: Marmodoro Anna
Published: March 2024

Beall's original understanding of the nature of the divine allows for contradictory statements to be true of God, by assuming that parts of reality, such as the Trinity, are ‘glutty’ (namely, what we can say about them is both true and false). Is the divine is the only glutty part of reality, and if so, why? Furthermore, does the glutty nature of the divine undermine its simplicity? Beall argues that God is not mereologically complex, but on his account God is logically and hence, it appears, metaphysically complex.