bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of Suction Velocity Analysis for Active Laminar Flow Control with Uncertainties
Authors: Barklage Alexander , Römer Ulrich , Seitz Arne , Horn Matthias , Radespiel Rolf , Scholz Peter , Badrya Camli
Published: June 2023

This study provides a validation of a recently developed uncertainty quantification methodology for suction velocities with the example of a novel laminar flow control design referred to as a tailored skin single duct (TSSD) panel. The TSSD panel is located on the leading edge of a vertical fin model of an Airbus A320 that is designed to maintain and extend laminar flow over the fin by means of boundary-layer suction. The suction velocities are highly dependent on the local porosity, which is only partly known in practice; therefore, the associated uncertainties need to be quantified. This is achieved by combining experimental and numerical data. The experimental data are based on the wind-tunnel experiments on a full-scale Airbus A320 vertical fin equipped with the TSSD system performed in the large low-speed facility of the German–Dutch Wind Tunnels. The measurements also feature highly accurate mass flow measurements of the integral mass flow through the TSSD system that serve as a validation reference for the uncertainty analysis. Uncertainties are provided for the predicted and the measured total mass flows to validate the proposed method, and a good agreement is obtained. A sensitivity study reveals the most influential contributions to the variance of the computed suction velocities. Depending on the difference between plenum and outer pressure, either uncertainties in the pressure distribution or uncertainties in the porosity parameters dominate the variance of the suction velocity.
Accurate and Robust Hybrid HLLC Riemann Solver on Triangular Grids
Authors: Phongthanapanich Sutthisak , Matthujak Anirut , Ohtani Kiyonobu
Published: June 2023

The HLLC scheme is an accurate, approximate Riemann solver. However, it suffers from the carbuncle phenomenon and numerical shock instability problems on both rectangular and triangular grids. In this paper, a hybrid HLLC scheme ([Formula: see text]) is developed by adding some extra computations to the original HLLC scheme in order to achieve a stable and accurate scheme. The idea of the hybrid scheme is straightforward as it uses a simple shock-capturing function with parameter [Formula: see text] to detect regions where pressure oscillations such as shock waves are significant. In these regions, a less diffusive version of the [Formula: see text] scheme ([Formula: see text]) is activated with a new weighting function with parameter [Formula: see text]. This new weighting function is designed to control the stability and accuracy of the hybrid scheme via the ratio of the square of the speed of sound of two adjacent cells. A linear perturbation analysis of an odd–even decoupling problem is used to analyze the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid scheme in damping perturbations. Several numerical examples are given to demonstrate that the new scheme ([Formula: see text]) can obtain accurate solutions and that it is simple and efficient and requires comparable computational time with the original scheme.
Study Membrane Solarelasticity Using a Wave Model and a Corpuscular Model of Light
Authors: Chen Jinduo , Shi Aiming , He Yiwen , Dowell Earl H. , Ren Kuanfang , Pei Yang , Zhang Haitao
Published: June 2023

The difference between solarelastic interaction and aeroelastic interaction is illustrated from the perspective of external forces. Membrane solarelastic responses of the solar cell and solar sail are studied through a wave model and a corpuscular model of light, respectively, where the light intensity and phase are considered in the wave model to calculate the solar radiation pressure but the phase of light is neglected in the corpuscular model. The effects of the membrane optical properties, the thickness, and the size on the solarelastic flutter instability are investigated. The solar radiation pressure is divided into a part depending on the sail deformation and a part independent of sail deformation to investigate their respective influences. The results show that the former terms result in membrane flutter and the latter term results in membrane static deflection. A comparison is conducted between the wave model and the corpuscular model on the flutter boundaries and membrane responses. The membrane reflectivity is coupled with membrane stiffness by the membrane thickness in the wave model, but it is uncoupled in the corpuscular model. Therefore, the wave model has an advantage over the corpuscular model when evaluating the thickness effect of membrane reflectivity.
Parameter Space Exploration of Cellular Mechanical Metamaterials Using Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Liu Sheng , Acar Pınar
Published: June 2023

Cellular materials widely exist in natural biologic systems such as honeycombs, bones, and woods. With advances in additive manufacturing, research on cellular metamaterials is emerging due to their unique mechanical performance. However, the design of on-demand cellular metamaterials usually requires solving a challenging inverse design problem for exploring complex structure–property relations of microstructured representative volume elements (RVEs) in the design domain. Here, we propose an experience-free and systematic methodology for exploring a parametrized system for microstructures of cellular mechanical metamaterials using a multiobjective genetic algorithm (GA). Globally, by considering the importance of the initial population selection for a population-based heuristic optimization method, we study the impact of the populations initialized by the different sampling methods on the optimal solutions. Locally, we develop our method by using a micro-GA with a new searching strategy, which requires the standard genetic algorithm to be conditionally run for a sufficient number of times with a small population size during the global searching process. We have applied our method to explore optimal solutions for applications mapped on two different parameter spaces of the cellular mechanical metamaterials with periodic and nonperiodic RVEs effectively and accurately.
Innovative Framework for Robustness Analysis of Blade Multicavity Squealer Tip Aerothermal Performance
Authors: Huang Ming , Zhang Kaiyuan , Li Zhigang , Li Jun
Published: June 2023

Gas turbines are subject to various geometric and operational uncertainties, which are often overlooked in conventional research. Therefore, conclusions derived from a deterministic approach may not accurately reflect the actual gas turbine operation. To address this issue, this paper presents an effective uncertainty quantification framework for evaluating the aerothermal performance robustness of the multicavity squealer tip. Moreover, a novel visualization method is developed to analyze the uncertainty flow and thermal fields. The findings suggest that conventional research tends to overestimate the aerodynamic performance of the multicavity squealer tip. The installation of ribs can exacerbate the chaotic tendency of the flowfield, leading to a significant reduction in the aerodynamic performance robustness of the squealer tip during actual operation. However, the heat transfer performance robustness of the multicavity squealer tip is substantially enhanced due to the inability of the flowfield uncertainty to transfer to the thermal field through the ribs. Furthermore, the study reveals high heat flux fluctuations in the region near the ribs root, which highlights the importance of considering thermal fatigue risks in the design of multicavity squealer tips.
The Future of the Law on the Moon
Authors: Lee Andrew Y.
Published: June 2023

Outer space is rapidly becoming the domain for industrial-scale private-sector innovation and entrepreneurship. By developing and maturing the unprecedented technology for vertical landing and partial reuse orbital-class rockets, Space Exploration Technologies Corporation (SpaceX) has reduced the cost of access to orbital space by a staggering factor of magnitude, i.e., to one-tenth the previous rate. SpaceX is now on the cusp of launching its next-generation launch system called Starship to orbit. Starship is designed to be fully and rapidly reusable (land, refuel, and fly like airplanes) and expected to decrease the cost of access to orbital space to a level comparable to air travel— whereby private-sector industry in outer space would become economically viable.

SpaceX is developing Starship at a breakneck speed, planning for an orbital launch in April 2023. Starship would function as the Earth–Moon transportation infrastructure for private-sector lunar activities like tourism, hospitality, mining, research, entertainment, construction, health, agriculture, and manufacturing. And the Moon is just three days away. Assuming a large fleet of reusable Starships would take flight to the Moon in the coming years, lawyers have an urgent and exciting task of laying the legal groundwork on the Moon for the complex modern governance and economy. But the legal discussion on the future of the law of the Moon has not even begun. This Article aims to fix this lacuna by first presenting specific and realistic parameters for discussion: namely, SpaceX would likely give the United States the exclusive, economic, and scalable access to the Moon within a few years, enabling a sizable private sector presence (persons and property) on the Moon engaged in commercial ventures within a decade.

A commercialized Moon would require the United States to assert legislative jurisdiction (U.S. federal law taking effect), exercise adjudicatory jurisdiction (personal jurisdiction over persons and property and subject matter jurisdiction regarding controversies that arise), and install a governing body physically on the Moon. After a brief introduction of today’s space industry, Part II surveys the history of U.S. regulation of commercial space exploration. Part III summarizes the current regulatory framework that governs only the launch and landing of space vehicles on Earth. Part IV is a more detailed analysis of the space industry and the economics of space exploration. Part V shows the possibility of domestic jurisdiction in outer space, delimited by binding international space treaties and customs. Part VI focuses on two treaties as providing the foundation of domestic jurisdiction in space. As an example of the governing body, in Part VII, this Article introduces the U.S. Lunar Court and sketches the legal contours of this new adjudicatory body. The Appendix shows detailed calculations of Starship’s expected capabilities and economics based on Falcon 9’s historical data.
In-flight medical emergencies and their outcome in a commercial airliner
Authors: Bhagavath Umesh Kumar Kadubasavaiah , Al Shukaili Waleed Sulaiman
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Super-connected modern era facilitated an unprecedented no. of air passages all around the world, simply because the number of people has doubled over the past 50 years culminating to around 4 billion air trips annually. An ever-increasing number of elderly passengers traveling with antecedent medical morbidities resulted in an upsurge in the In-flight Medical Emergencies (IME).

Objective:

Considering the trend, it was decided to ascertain the type of IMEs based on various organ systems and their outcome aside causes of flight diversion due to IME and types of in-flight medical assistance rendered by onboard physicians and paramedics.

Material and Method:

Crew safety report from March 1, 2015, to March 31, 2019, in a commercial airline of a Middle-Eastern country was analyzed for IMEs along with allied issues.

Results:

There were 614 IMEs during the period of study resulting in 01 IME for every 336 flights. About 81% of IMEs occurred during the main cruising phase of the flight. Nine onboard deaths were recorded during the study tenure. Causes of death were two each for Myocardial Infarction (MI) and malignancy, one due to cardiac failure with arrest and uncertain in four cases. The most common IME was syncope (35.5%) followed by trauma (26.8%) and respiratory difficulty (17.3%). Gastrointestinal symptoms accounted for 10% of cases. Diversion of aircraft was carried out on 16 IME incidents. The main causes of diversion were MI, epilepsy, stroke, and Bell’s palsy. Onboard assistance from physicians and nurses was sought in 62 % and 27% of incidents, respectively. Oxygen and onboard medications were used in 74% and 32% of cases correspondingly.

Conclusion:

There is no comprehensive globally accepted reporting and management of IMEs. Every airline has its own protocols for the same. Onboard healthcare professionals play a key role in the outcome of IMEs.
In-flight loss of consciousness in a fighter aircrew – G-LOC or No G-LOC conundrum
Authors: Kumar Ajay
Published: June 2023

The differential diagnosis for inflight loss of consciousness in a fighter pilot is G-induced Loss of Consciousness (G-LOC) as it is physiological and 10–20% of fighter pilots may experience it during their career. However, it is very difficult to establish the diagnosis in many cases. Three cases of in-flight episodes of loss of consciousness (LOC) have been discussed in the paper highlighting how to investigate such cases to establish the diagnosis of G-LOC. Three cases have been discussed in the paper where two cases were considered as a case of G-LOC based on the circumstantial evidence and data from the flight data recorder. However, one case was diagnosed to be of LOC (Inv). One case did not benefit from the high-G training as he repeatedly experienced “GLOC” at very low G levels while wearing Anti-G Suit and performing an Anti-G Straining Maneuver (AGSM). He was recommended unfit for fighter flying. Another aircrew was experiencing G-LOC due to incorrect technique of AGSM as he had not undergone “high-G training.” After correction of technique, he could successfully meet the qualifying requirements of 9G for high G training. The third case was considered as a case of inflight LOC, not due to G exposure. Subsequently, he was diagnosed to have Focal Cortical Dysplasia. The paper describes the approach and aeromedical disposition of in-flight LOC among fighter aircrew. The paper also discusses the need for “G tolerance standard” at entry and high G training for fighter aircrew. The first case highlights that not all case of in-flight LOC among aircrew is G-LOC, even if it occurs in conjunction with high-G exposure. Ruling out the presence of any potential cause for inflight LOC is extremely important before labeling a recurrent case of inflight LOC as G-LOC. The second case re-iterates the fact that there are a set of people who will not be able to endure high G exposures due to inherent individual characteristics. These people need to be identified and screened at initial entry into fighter flying itself. The cause for the recurrent episodes of inflight G-LOC in the third case was identified as improper AGSM. The problem could be identified and corrected in the Dynamic Flight Simulator. This highlights the significance of high-G training using High Performance Human Centrifuge before the commencement of operational flying and high-G sorties and also establishes it as a diagnostic tool for such cases. In-flight LOC in a fighter pilot poses a challenge in diagnosis and differentiation from G-LOC. The paper discusses an approach to such a case in detail.
A study to determine the possible links between subjective (fatigue questionnaires) and objective (bio-mathematical fatigue prevention model) fatigue detection methods
Authors: Mohapatra Sudhanshu Shekhar , Tripathy Neeraj Kumar , Ghosh Devdeep , Raghunandan V. , Dev Rahul , Yadav Chetan
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Application of objective fatigue detection tools in aviation bases is limited. This study was envisaged to conduct a systematic comparative analysis between a well-established objective method and short fatigue questionnaires which are used in fatigue research to employ them as a fatigue screening tool for aviation personnel.

Material and Methods:

Thirty-eight aviation personnel volunteered for this cross-sectional observational study. Work-rest/sleep data collected using actigraphy over 1 week were fed to a PC running Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool. Objective fatigue parameters in the form of Fatigue Risk Time (FRT) and Fatigue Free Occupational Time (FFOT) were retrieved. Fatigue questionnaires Groningen Sleep Quality Scale (GSQS) for assessing sleep quality and Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) to detect day-time sleepiness were used as subjective fatigue parameters. Comparative analysis was carried out using appropriate statistical tests.

Results:

A consistent Total Sleep Time (TST) ranging from 353 to 378 min in the week of the study with no statistically significant differences between the nights were recorded. The increasing trend of FRT and decreasing trend of FFOT over the week were observed. The GSQS, SSS (morning), and SSS (afternoon) also demonstrated a progressive increase in the scores, but only the increase from day 1 to day 2 was statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Gradual increase in FRT with a reciprocal decrease in FFOT, which was observed, in this study, could be attributed to a progressive increase in sleep debt over the week. A consistent TST of the duration, which is less than the optimal duration of 7–8 h for night sleep, can lead to a gradual increase in sleep debt. The regression equations computed for FFOT was: FFOT = 657 + (0.24 × TST in min) – {(27 × Morning GSQS) + (73 × Day factor)}. This regression equation could be used to extrapolate the fatigue free occupation time for aviation personnel. The study has confirmed the effectiveness of both GSQS and SSS as the fatigue prevention tool and their application in the field setup, especially in the absence of any objective fatigue detection tool.
Journal watch
Authors: Kumar Vikram Sakleshpur
Published: June 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on routine vaccination rates around the world. According to the WHO and UNICEF, more than 23 million children missed their routine vaccination doses in 2020. This is a major setback for global health, as it puts children at risk of preventable diseases such as diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio and measles.
النفقات العامة وآثارها على الاستقرار الاقتصادي الخطة الخمسية التاسعة بسلطنة عمان 2016-2020 عينة تطبيقية
Authors: العوائد مسلم سالم محمد
Published: June 2023

تناول الباحث هذا الموضوع المعنون بــ: النفقات العامة وآثارها على الاستقرار الاقتصادي في مبحثين، المبحث الأول بعنوان: مفهوم وقانونية النفقات العامة وعناصرها والمبحث الثاني بعنوان: آثار النفقات العامة على الاستقرار الاقتصادي، ثم أختتم البحث بأهم النتائج والتوصيات التي توصل إليها الباحث، وهنا نستعرض أهم النتائج والتوصيات، وهي على النحو التالي: 1. لا يمكن بأي حال من الأحوال تجاوز المشروعية في مسألة النفقات العامة فتعمل السلطة التشريعية على إقرار جوانب الإنفاق العام حيث يخضع الحاكم والمحكوم والسلطات الثلاث لمبدأ المشروعية في دولة القانون والمؤسسات. 2. تسعى الدول لمواكبة التطورات العالمية في مختلف المجالات وبذلك تزداد حجم النفقات سنوياً وخطورة اللجوء للإقتراض له أثر على استقرار الدول اقتصادياً قد يصل إلى تهديد وجودها في حال عدم إتباع أسس مدروسة لاستثمار تلك القروض. 3. طالمّا النظام الحاكم لم يعمل على كبح جماح رغباته في النفقات العامة، فإن الأمر ينذر بخطر من خلال العجوزات المالية التي تتولد من جراء تلك النفقات، في حين الإعتماد على مورد واحد وهو النفط، وهذا ما لاحظناه في الخطة الخمسية التاسعة.
الوضع القانوني للشريك خلال قيام شركة التضامن التجارية
Authors: جاجان عبدالرزاق عمر , السلمي محمد قابل
Published: June 2023

تستهدف هذه الدراسة الأحكام النظامية للشريك في شركات التضامن التجارية حال قيام الشركة، فالشريك في شركة التضامن هو ذلك الشخص الذي يقوم بتقديم حصة في هذه الشركة وقد تكون هذه الحصة نقدية أو عينية، وقد يكون تقديم الحصة من طرف هذا الشريك عملاً، ولا يمكن الوصول إلى تأسيس شركة دون توافر شرط الرضا أي اتفاق الشريك على اعتبار أن الشركة هي عقد يجب أن يتحقق فيه الرضا، وشرط الأهلية القانونية لغايات ممارسة العمل التجاري فلا يجوز للقاصر أن يكون شريكا متضامنا لأنه لا يستطيع أن يكون تاجراً وذلك لانعدام الأهلية، ويتولى إدارة شركة التضامن الشركاء فيها. يكتسب جميع الشركاء صفة التاجر عند انضمامهم إليها ، حتى لو لم يكونوا تجارًا من قبل، عندما يكون الغرض من الشركة هو ممارسة الأعمال التجارية، والصفة التجارية التي منحها المنظم للشريك بمجرد انضمامه إلى شركة التضامن، تقوم على عدة اعتبارات من أهمها أن هذا الشريك يغامر بكل ذمته في نشاط الشركة وبربط مصيره مصيرها. وسنعرض في هذا البحث مسؤولية الشريك الشخصية والتضامنية في شركات التضامن وفيها يوضح مسؤولية الشريك عن ديون الشركة السابقة لانضمامه، ومسؤولية الشريك عن ديون الشركة اللاحقه لانضمامه، بالإضافة إلى الكشف عن المسؤولية المترتبة على الشريك في حالة الخسارة. وأهم ما يترتب عن ذلك من آثار هو أن إفلاس الشركة يستتبع بقوة القانون إفلاس جميع الشركاء المتضامنين، وباعتبار الشريك تاجرا ومسئولا عن ديون الشركة مسئولية تضامنية ومطلقة فإن توقف الشركة عن دفع ديونها يؤدي إلى توقف الشريك المتضامن أيضا عن دفع ديونه، فمسؤولية الشركاء عن ديون شركة التضامن تكون شخصية وتضامنية، ويحق لدائني الشركة الرجوع على الشركاء مجتمعين أو منفردين لمطالبتهم بكل الحقوق التي ترتبت لهم في ذمة الشركة، ومع ذلك يجوز في عقد تأسيس الشركة الاتفاق على تفاوت نسب الشركاء وفق ما تقضي به الضوابط الشرعية، وإذا كانت حصة الشريك مقصورة على عمله، ولم يعين في عقد تأسيس الشركة نصيبه في الريح أو في الخسارة، يكون نصيبه بنسبة حصته بحسب تقويمها عند تأسيس الشركة، وإذا تعدد الشركاء بالعمل دون تقويم حصة كل منهم عدت هذه الحصص متساوية ما لم يثبت العكس.
أثر توظيف الرسوم المتحركة ثلاثية الأبعاد في بيئة التعلم المنتشر على المهارات العلمية لدى طلاب مسار الصحة والحياة بالمرحلة الثانوية
Authors: القحطاني خالد ناصر
Published: June 2023

هدف البحث الحالي لتحديد أثر توظيف الرسوم المتحركة ثلاثية الأبعاد في بيئة التعلم المنتشر على المهارات العلمية لدى طلاب مسار الصحة والحياة بالمرحلة الثانوية بمنظفة تبوك بالسعودية، واستخدم البحث الحالي المنهج شبه التجريبي كما استخدم المنهج الوصفي في وصف وتحليل ما يخص البيئة التعليمية وعينة البحث وخصائصها ومكونات المواد التجريبية القائمة على توظيف الرسوم ثلاثية الأبعاد الخاص بمسار الصحة والحياةن وتمثلت عينة البحث في (60 طالباً) من طلاب ثلاث مدارس من المدارس الثانوية في الثلاث محافظات تيماء وضباء وأملج في منطقة تبوك والذين تم تقسيمهم إلى مجموعتين مجموعة تجريبية (30 طالباً) ومجوعة ضابطة (30طالباً)، بعدد 10 طلاب في كل من مدارس المحافظات الثلاثة، تم تطبيق التصميم التجريبي على المجموعة التجريبية بينما تم تدريس نفس الوحدة للمجموعة الضابطة باستخدام الطريقة التقليدية، ومن ثم تم قياس أبعاد المهارة العلمية باستخدام بطاقة قياس المهارة العلمية-تصميم الباحث- قبلياً وبعدياً. وقد توصلت النتائج إلى وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية (α≤0.05) بين متوسط درجات طلاب المجموعة التجريبية الذين درسوا باستخدام الرسوم المتحركة ثلاثية الأبعاد في بيئة التعلم المنتشر ومتوسط درجات طلاب المجموعة الضابطة الذين درسوا بالطريقة التقليدية في التطبيق البعدي لكل بعد من أبعاد بطاقة ملاحظة المهارات العلمية، كما حققت للرسوم المتحركة ثلاثية الأبعاد في بيئة التعلم المنتشر أثر كبير (حسب معادلة ايتا) على المهارات العلمية لدى طلاب مسار الصحة والحياة بالمرحلة الثانوية. ويوصي البحث بضرورة الاهتمام بالبرامج التعليمية التي توظف الرسوم ثلاثية الأبعاد، كما يوصي بالاهتمام بتطوير مهارات المعلمين على استخدام وتصميم الرسوم ثلاثية الأبعاد وتطوير المناهج بتضمين الرسوم ثلاثية الأبعاد فيها خاصة لمقررات العلوم والرياضيات.
Certifying quantumness beyond steering and nonlocality and its implications on quantum information processing
Authors: Jebarathinam Chellasamy , Das Debarshi
Published: June 2023

Superunsteerability is a particular kind of spatial quantum correlation that can be observed in a steering scenario in the presence of limited shared randomness. In this work, we define an experimentally measurable quantity in a steering scenario to certify superunsteerability. In the context of certification of randomness with this scenario, we demonstrate that such certification of superunsteerability provides a bound on the amount of genuine randomness generation. On the other hand, superlocality is another kind of spatial quantum correlation that can be observed in a Bell scenario in the presence of limited shared randomness. We identify inequalities to certify superlocality in the Bell scenarios that can be adopted to implement $2$-to-$1$ and $3$-to-$1$ random-access codes. We observe that such certification of superlocality acts as resource for the random-access codes in the presence of limited shared randomness. As a by-product of our certification of superunsteerability and superlocality, we identify a new classification of separable states having quantumness.
On unital qubit channels
Authors: Choi Man-Duen , Li Chi-Kwong
Published: June 2023

A canonical form for unital qubit channels under local unitary transforms is obtained. In particular, it is shown that the eigenvalues of the Choi matrix of a unital quantum channel form a complete set of invariants of the canonical form. It follows immediately that every unital qubit channel is the average of four unitary channels. More generally, a unital qubit channel can be expressed as the convex combination of unitary channels with convex coefficients $p_1, \dots, p_m$ as long as $2(p_1, \dots, p_m)$ is majorized by the vector of eigenvalues of the Choi matrix of the channel. A unital qubit channel in the canonical form will transform the Bloch sphere onto an ellipsoid. We look into the detailed structure of the natural linear maps sending the Bloch sphere onto a corresponding ellipsoid.
Assessment of an alternative accounting and analytical system or individual entrepreneurs
Authors: Nepryahina T. M.
Published: June 2023

The growth of individual entrepreneurs annually creates a special layer of small businesses, however, both legally and practically, the existing accounting systems do not consider the specifics of such a business, therefore, the search for an alternative accounting system is an urgent problem. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the previously proposed alternative integrated accounting and analytical system for individual entrepreneurs by creating a test to assess the requirements for organizing accounting and analytical systems by individual entrepreneurs, assess the elements of the management system in the proposed integrated system, and assess the processing of accounting information by three types of systems: traditional, functional and integrated. The study used a systematic method, as well as methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison. Based on the results of the study, a conclusion was made about the advantage of an alternative accounting and analytical system for individual entrepreneurs in comparison with the existing traditional accounting system. The results of the study can become the basis for improving the proposed early alternative integrated accounting and analytical system for individual entrepreneurs and can be used as state recommendations for keeping records by individual entrepreneurs, as well as introducing the accounting system structure into new alternative enterprise resource planning systems.
Social product anti-sanction reproduction issues
Authors: Sergeev L. I. , Sergeev D. L.
Published: June 2023

The article introduces a new concept – sanction national and regional reproduction. The authors note that the operation of a number of objective economic laws in the sanction conditions of development to a certain extent loses the force of its impact on the reproduction of the gross social product. Changes in the processes of reproduction, distribution, exchange and consumption of the national and regional product under sanctions are analyzed. The scheme of output abroad of added value in case of sale of objects of labor is considered. Anti-sanction measures are proposed at all phases of the reproduction of the gross social product: production, distribution, exchange and consumption. It is emphasized that sanction social reproduction as a specific form of socio-economic development should be an independent object of study of regional economic science. As a result of the study, the consequences of transformational reproductive processes of creating and using a social product under the conditions of sanctions are revealed.
Digitalization impact estimation on the economic growth of the European countries
Authors: Somina I. V. , Gavrilovskaya S. P.
Published: June 2023

The article deals with an attempt to assess an impact of digitalization on the economic development of the European countries. For these purposes, it is proposed to supplement the classical Cobb-Douglas production function with a digital capital parameter. However, the study showed the problem of absence of a representative statistical base for the cost estimation of the digital capital of the European countries. Under these conditions, method for the impact assessment of digitalization on the indicators of the countries’ economic growth was developed, based on the application of the rating correlation analysis to the classical production function calculations results and the business digitalization index. In general, the results of the performed calculations confirmed the positive impact of business digitalization on the economic growth of the European countries and made it possible to estimate the nature of the digital processes’ impact on the main production factors – labor and fixed asset. The prospects for further development of this subject should be associated with the scientific grounds of the general approaches to estimating digital capital and the formation of the corresponding statistical arrays.
Project work in a foreign language at the university: Challenges and benefits. Students’ opinion
Authors: Zubareva E. V. , Tuchkova I. G.
Published: June 2023

The authors of the article present and analyze surveys of first, second and third year students of the State University of Management in Moscow on issues and problems related to project activities in a foreign language within the framework of curricula in the disciplines “Foreign Language” and “Foreign language of professional business communication”. As a result of the study, the authors conclude that students mostly come to the university with project work skills and improve them over several semesters at the university. The study revealed the most popular programs and platforms that students use to complete project tasks, and also the examples of managerial capacity and volitional powers that, in the opinion of students, a student should acquire in the process of project implementation. The article describes the main factors that can encourage them to do project work, and some problems associated with the implementation of project activities at the State University of Management. The results obtained reflect the university realities of students’ project work in a foreign language and can be useful to methodologists and developers of university curricula.
Student youth participation in the development of a comfortable urban environment
Authors: Ukhanova Yu. V. , Zhdanova A. E. , Kosygina K. E.
Published: June 2023

Currently, the problem of youth participation in the development of urban space is extremely relevant both from the perspective of transforming the living environment with the resources of local communities, and the socialization of urban youth itself, expanding opportunities for personal growth through involvement in socially useful activities. The purpose of the article is to identify the conditions and readiness to participate in the development of a comfortable urban environment for students. The study was conducted in Vologda, Russian Federation, through a quantitative methodological strategy (questionnaire survey among university students, n = 207). The paper presents theoretical and methodological approaches to understanding the urban environment and a comfortable urban environment. It is indicated that a comfortable urban environment is a socio-economic category, reflecting the interactions within the urban space, which is most comfortable for the life of citizens. It is concluded that the student youth expresses their willingness to actively participate in decision-making on the development and improvement of the urban environment. In conclusion, the directions of enhancing the civic participation of young people in the formation of a comfortable urban space on the basis of dialogue platforms are considered.
Hydrogen energy and prospects for its development
Authors: Linnik Yu. N. , Falyakhova E. D.
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to hydrogen as a promising source for obtaining clean energy. Attention is paid to the development of hydrogen energy both in the world and separately in the Russian Federation. The accumulated international experience in the production of hydrogen fuel is considered. The article mentions various methods of extracting hydrogen for its use as a fuel. Water electrolysis is noted as a promising method of hydrogen production due to its environmental friendliness. Particular attention in this article is paid to the current situation in the world in the fuel and energy complex, namely, the introduction of hydrogen fuel. For this, all possible lines of hydrogen supply to friendly countries that could be potential allies of Russia in the hydrogen energy industry are considered.
Tactical measures set to improve the import substitution process in the field of Russian pharmaceuticals
Authors: Orlova L. V. , Zobov P. V.
Published: June 2023

The article deals with the problems of a high share of import dependence in the pharmaceutical and medical industry of the Russian Federation, leading to a decrease in the security of the state and public health, to the actualization of providing modern and high-quality Russian medicines issues. The study analyzes the causes of the current situation in the pharmaceutical and medical industry in Russia. Based on the information received, the policy of state actions for the purchase of imported substances, raw materials, equipment from China and India is analyzed using modern data processing methods. Guided by modern tools for managing business strategies in industry, tactical measures that will speed up the process of import substitution through the formation and effective use of the research, technological and production potential of the state are proposed. A set of tactical measures to improve the import substitution process in the field of Russian pharmaceuticals is also presented. The assessment of the proposed tactical measures to improve the process of import substitution in the field of pharmaceuticals, which is designed to solve important social, economic and strategic tasks, has been carried out.
Prospects and directions of digital transformation of Russian oil and gas companies
Authors: Flaksman A. S. , Lyubimova N. G.
Published: June 2023

The article analyzes the current state of digital technologies in industry in general and in the oil industry in particular. To understand the essence of digitalization, the authors consider some of the provisions set out in the state program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation”. Relevant digital technologies are proposed for use for each stage of the oil cycle, considering the technological and economic features, and the possibility of introducing digital technologies into the business processes of oil and gas companies is assessed. In the final part of the article, based on the analysis of the prospects for the implementation of digital economy technologies in oil and gas companies, the results from the implementation of these technologies are identified, which manifest themselves both in the financial aspect and in intangible assets. At the same time, the article also identifies the most significant risks associated with the implementation and operation of business processes based on digital technologies.
TOLEDO: Accelerated Maestro GUI molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Carmena-Bargueño Miguel , Martínez-Cortés Carlos , Banegas-Luna Antonio Jesús , Pérez-Sánchez Horacio
Published: June 2023

Classical Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulate the dynamical evolution of biological systems at the atomic level. Using MD in conjunction with high-performance computing (HPC) architectures we can evaluate the possible interactions between a ligand library against one protein target to find a drug that can influence a protein target to cure a disease. Simultaneously we can also obtain information about their dynamical evolution  One of the main software of MD is Desmond, which uses Maestro to set up, run and analyze MD with a graphical interface (GUI), allowing it to be used by non-expert users. However, using the GUI, users can typically run only one short (less than 1000 ns) MD simultaneously.  Our work aims to create a method/protocol to run several MD simultaneously on a remote HPC cluster within Maestro-Desmond. In this work, we provide a method called TOLEDO (Throughput Optimization of Ligand-Protein systems Exploration through Dynamics simulation in Optimized HPC systems) to overcome such limitations and run several MD simultaneously time. Also, TOLEDO is independent of the time limitation of many clusters, the only limitation is the storage space that users have in the cluster. To run TOLEDO, first, we prepare/set up the protein-ligand complex before running MD via Maestro GUI. Next, we run the main script of TOLEDO to run several MD in a supercomputer such as Turgalium of CIEMAT (https://www.ceta-ciemat.es/) or SAGA (https://documentation.sigma2.no/hpc_machines/saga.html), when the MD are finished. TOLEDO run the analysis. Finally, the results obtained by users are the reports and the graphics, which are very simple to interpret. In summary, TOLEDO is a tool that allows researchers to run MD with higher throughput than the Maestro GUI.
Distinguishing Competing Mechanistic Manifolds for C(acyl)–N Functionalization by a Ni/N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyst System
Authors: Malyk Kaycie , G. Pillai Vivek , Brennessel William , Leon Baxin Roberto , Silk Elliot , Nakamura Daniel , Kennedy C. Rose
Published: June 2023

Carboxylic acid derivatives are appealing alternatives to organohalides as cross-coupling electrophiles for fine chemical synthesis due to their prevalence in biomass and bioactive small molecules as well as their ease of preparation and handling. Within this family, carboxamides comprise a versatile electrophile class for nickel-catalyzed coupling with carbon and heteroatom nucleophiles. However, even state-of-the-art C(acyl)–N functionalization and cross-coupling reactions typically require high catalyst loadings and specific substitution patterns. These challenges have proven difficult to overcome, in large part due to limited experimental mechanistic insight. In this work, we describe a detailed mechanistic case study of acylative coupling reactions catalyzed by the commonly employed Ni/SIPr catalyst system (SIPr = 1,3-Bis(2,6-di-isopropylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidine). Stoichiometric organometallic studies, in situ spectroscopic measurements, and crossover experiments demonstrate accessibility of Ni(0), Ni(I), and Ni(II) resting states. Although in situ precatalyst activation limits reaction efficiency, the low concentrations of active, SIPr-supported Ni(0) select for electrophile-first (closed-shell) over competing nucleophile-first (open-shell) mechanistic manifolds. We anticipate that the experimental insights into the nature and controlling features of these distinct pathways are likely to accelerate rational improvements to cross-coupling methodologies involving pervasive carboxamide substrate motifs.
Chiral and Conductive Viologen-based Supramolecular Gels Exhibiting Tunable Charge-Transfer Properties
Authors: Andrieux Vivien , Gibaud Thomas , Bauland Julien , Divoux Thibaut , Manneville Sébastien , Guy Stéphan , Bensalah-Ledoux Amina , Guy Laure , Chevallier Floris , Frath Denis , Bucher Christophe
Published: June 2023

Redox-active conductive supramolecular gels involving highly ordered chiral assemblies of small organic molecules are very promising soft materials for many applications ranging from catalysis to electronics. However, combining all these properties in the same material has so far remained a difficult task. We now report the synthesis and detailed structural, rheological and electrical characterizations of supramolecular gels obtained by self-assembly of a dicationic low molecular weight gelator incorporating a redox-active 4,4’-bipyridinium unit. These molecules have been shown to self-assemble in pentanol to form chiral hollow core-shell cylinders eventually yielding dendritic clusters inducing gelation. We also showed that the optical, rheological and electrical properties of the gels can be tuned by addition of ionic additives. Careful control of the formation of charge-transfer complexes between viologens and iodides have led to a robust, transparent, conductive and chiral gel. The gelation process and the structure/properties of the gel have been thoroughly investigated by UV-Vis and ECD spectroscopy, rheology, bright-field microscopy, SAXS, AFM, electrochemical and impedance measurements.
KONTRABASIN GELİŞİM SÜRECİNDEKİ DEĞİŞİMLERİN İCRA STANDARTLARINA ETKİLERİ
Authors: DÖKMECİ Sela Can , TANIŞ Türkmen Ozan
Published: June 2023

18. Yüzyılda kontrabas, orkestradaki ritmik ve armonik yapıyı oluşturmakta temel olarak kullanılmıştır. Kontrabasın kalın sesi armoninin temel notalarını oluştururken ritmik unsurları da ifade etmekte başarılı olmuştur. Kontrabas boyutunun diğer enstrümanlara göre daha büyük olması enstrümandaki icra tekniklerini kısıtlamıştır. Enstrümanın icrasındaki zorluklar tarihte kontrabas adına kötü etkilere yol açmış olup enstrümanın popülerliği azalmıştır. Kontrabasın popülerliğini geri kazanması için icra tekniklerinin gelişmesi ve ondan beklenilen performansı sergilemesi gerekmektedir. Enstrümanın yapısının gelişimi ve tel teknolojilerindeki ilerlemeler icradaki gelişmelere önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. Akort sistemindeki değişikler sonucunda kontrabas için en uygun akort sisteminin oluşması icra yönünde rahatlamaya yol açmıştır. Müzik okullarında kontrabas sınıflarının açılması ve enstrümanın eğitimi için metotların ortaya çıkması sonucunda usta kontrbasçılar yetiştirilmiştir. Enstrüman icrasında ustalaşan kontrbasçılar bestecilere ilham kaynağı olup enstrüman için daha fazla solo eser yazılmasını sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmada kontrabas icrasındaki zorlukların nedenleri araştırılıp bu zorlukların aşılmasındaki etkenler incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda kontrabasın icrasındaki etkenlerin belirlenmesi için kaynak tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Uluslararası yayınlar taranmış ve internet kaynaklarından yararlanılmıştır.
Influence of the sodium fluoride on the development and survival of the loach embryos
Authors: Grytsaj I. R. , Mandzynets S. M. , Bura M. V.
Published: June 2023

Background: The study of fluoride effects at the cellular level is still essential for biophysics, medicine, and ecology as one of the most common environmental pollutants. Its impact on embryonic objects is poorly understood.

Objectives: The aim of the work was: 1) to study the effect of sodium fluoride (in the minimum concentration to inhibit growth) on the morphological development of loaсh embryos; 2) evaluation of the degree of survival of embryos in the presence of sodium fluoride in the incubation medium and determination of the coefficient Ks.

Materials and methods: Ovulation in loach females (Misgurnus fossilis L.) was stimulated by intramuscular injection of female chorionic gonadotropin (500 units), eggs were obtained by 36 h after stimulation, fertilized in Petri dishes with a suspension of sperm according to Neifach A. A. The stages of development were observed visually used a binocular microscope MBS-9 with a photo camera. The experimental embryos were incubated in Goltfreter's solution with the addition of sodium fluoride to a final minimum concentration to inhibit growth of 500 μmol/l.

Results: Sodium fluoride inhibits the development of loach embryos and leads to developmental defects. The noticeable developmental defects caused by sodium fluoride were a reduction in the size of the larvae's head and tail, low body pigmentation, changes in the eye diameter, and embryonic touch reflex. As a result of the accumulation of fluoride in embryonic cells, on the third day of development, embryonic mortality increased to 88,9%. On 12 days under the action of sodium fluoride, the total number of larvae was about 2%.

Conclusions: The ability of NaF to act as a direct teratogen was tested on the cold-blooded embryo model, the same effect was found by other investigators on the FETAX model. The possibility that sodium fluoride may cause toxic and/or neuromuscular developmental defects in human embryos also should be considered. Avoiding excessive getting of fluoride in the body by limiting the consumption of foods or beverages high in fluoride, the use of fluoride in dental care products, etc. requires detailed assessment.
PROPOSTA DIDÁTICO-PEDAGÓGICA PARA AULAS DE PALEONTOLOGIA: PROPOSIÇÃO DE FORMAÇÃO PARA PROFESSORES DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Nascimento Anderson Thiago do , Malheiro João Manoel da Silva
Published: June 2023

Conhecimentos biológico, geológico e ambiental há milhões de anos na Terra constitui fundamentos da Paleontologia. O professor tem função na divulgação desses conhecimentos de forma objetiva e com linguagem acessível, mas dificuldades são encontradas para o ensino devido a carência de materiais didáticos. Buscamos incentivar a prática de professores de ciências sobre o ensino de Paleontologia através de oficinas para confecção de réplicas de fósseis em escolas. A abordagem qualitativa teve a aplicação de questionários semiestruturados destinadas a 10 professores em dois momentos. Nos resultados, os participantes afirmaram dificuldades em ministrar conteúdos sobre Paleontologia, devido à baixa produção de matérias didáticos, o que faz muitos utilizarem apenas o livro didático. As oficinas foram alternativas eficazes no desenvolvimento de saberes indispensáveis à profissão docente, O uso de réplicas, mostrou-se importante para facilitar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, despertando o interesse dos alunos e tornando as aulas mais dinâmicas.
Comparison of the Frontal Plane Projection Angle and the Dynamic Valgus Index to Identify Movement Dysfunction in Females with Patellofemoral Pain
Authors: Bolgla Lori A , Gibson Haley N , Hannah Daniel C , Curry-McCoy Tiana
Published: June 2023

Background

Clinicians typically measure the knee frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) during a single-leg squat to identify females with patellofemoral pain (PFP). A limitation of this measure is minimal attention to movement of the pelvis on the femur that can create knee valgus loading. The dynamic valgus index (DVI) may be a better assessment.

Hypothesis/Purpose

The purpose of this study was to compare the knee FPPA and DVI between females with and without PFP and determine if the DVI better identified females with PFP than the knee FPPA.

Study Design

Case-control

Methods

Sixteen females with and 16 without PFP underwent 2-dimensional motion analysis when performing five trials of a single-leg squat. The average peak knee FPPA and peak DVI were analyzed. Independent t-tests determined between-group peak knee FPPA and peak DVI differences. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves determined the area under the curve (AUC) scores for sensitivity and 1 - specificity of each measure. Paired-sample area difference under the ROC curves was conducted to determine differences in the AUC for the knee FPPA and DVI. Positive likelihood ratios were calculated for each measure. The significance level was p < 0.05.

Results

Females with PFP exhibited a higher knee FPPA (p = 0.001) and DVI (p = 0.015) than controls. AUC scores were .85 (p = 0.001) and .76 (p = 0.012) for the knee FPPA and DVI, respectively. Paired-sample area difference under the ROC curves showed a similar (p = 0.10) AUC for the knee FPPA and DVI. The knee FPPA had 87.5% sensitivity and 68.8% specificity; the DVI had 81.3% sensitivity and 81.0% specificity. Positive likelihood ratios for the knee FPPA and DVI were 2.8 and 4.3, respectively.

Conclusion

The DVI during a single-leg squat may be another useful tool for discriminating between females with and without PFP.

Level of Evidence

3a