bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Psychological and Adventure-based Multicomponent Therapeutic Program for Victims of Intimate Partner Violence: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sáez Gemma , López-Núñez Carla , Rojo-Ramos Jorge , Morenas-Martín Jesús , Domínguez-Muñoz Francisco Javier , Hernández-Albújar Yolanda , Barrios-Fernandez Sabina , Adsuar José Carmelo , Collado-Mateo Daniel
Published: May 2023

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global health problem with different negative consequences for women’s mental health. This pilot study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a multicomponent intervention for battered women using a comparison group design to analyze improvement in self-esteem, self-concept, self-efficacy, body dissatisfaction, and depression. The intervention consisted of an eight-session multicomponent intervention program based on the combination of group psychological therapy and adventure activities. The study sample originally consisted of 34 women IPV victims. Self-report psychological assessment was conducted during the pre-test and post-test while interviews were conducted during the post-test among the experimental group. The results of this pilot study suggest the efficacy of the cognitive-behavioral multicomponent intervention on self-esteem, self-efficacy, and depression in the IPV victims from the experimental group. We conclude that these findings support the efficacy of this psychological intervention program. Practical implications and suggestions are also discussed.
The Belt and Road Initiative: Inclusive Globalization and Poverty Reduction
Authors: Della Posta Pompeo
Published: May 2023

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) aims to increase connectivity between regions and countries that market forces excluded from the previous wave of economic globalization. Foreign direct investment (FDI) can create the conditions for the economic takeoff of least-developed countries (LDCs) and developing countries. Although Chinese FDI has nearly doubled since the launch of the BRI in 2013 compared to 2005–2013, it does not seem to be directed toward BRI member countries more than the non-member countries. One exception is South American BRI member countries, which have significantly increased their FDI inflows from China. This is not the case, however, for West Asian countries, where FDI growth has been lower for BRI countries than for the West Asian countries as a whole, and especially for sub-Saharan BRI countries, for which the amount of FDI has even decreased compared to the 2005–2013 period. The BRI’s slow start and the countries’ gradual entry may explain the delay in seeing the positive results expected from it reflected in the data.
Sport and migration in the age of superdiversity
Authors: Agergaard Sine , Darby Paul , Falcous Mark , Klein Alan
Published: May 2023

Taking Steven Vertovec's concept of Superdiversity as a starting point, this special issue examines the dynamic interaction of diversity variables in the field of sport and migration issues. The articles published this Speical Issue span from studies on sports labor migration ( sports as migration) to consideration of the role sport plays in the everyday lives of disparate groups of migrants ( sport in migration). Considering the contemporary diversification of migration, we argue that it is more relevant than ever to expand the empirical focus of research in sports and migration issues, but also the breadth of theoretical and methodological approaches utilized. To this end, we illustrate the value of postcolonial theory and intersectionality as theoretical frameworks that can focus on multiple axes of differentiation along with structuring conditions that impact sports and migration issues. Further, we call for researchers in the field to consider the value of methodologies that are novel to their work such as participatory action research and approaches that avoid methodological nationalism.
A Meta-Analysis of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy for School-Related Problems in Adolescents
Authors: Karababa Ali
Published: May 2023

Purpose: This meta-analytic study aimed to assess the overall effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) for adolescents’ problems in the school context. Methods: According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, the study searched the various electronic databases between January 1, 1990, and April 30, 2022, to find studies that met the research criteria in both English and Turkish language. Results: Nine experimental trials (five randomized and four nonrandomized) which met all selection criteria were included in the analysis with a total sample size of 309 (154 from the experiment and 155 from the control group). The findings reported a result favoring the effectiveness of SFBT for adolescents’ school-related problems ( g = 1.80, 95% CI [.94–2.66]). Discussion: We believe that this study has advanced our understanding of the valid evidence base for the effectiveness of SFBT by showing promising outcomes on the potential effectiveness of SFBT in treating adolescents’ school-related problems.
A Scoping Review of Experiential Learning in Public Health Education From the Perspective of Students, Faculty, and Community Partners
Authors: Tar Lim Raymond Boon , Shin Chow Dana Wai , Zheng Huili
Published: May 2023

Background: Experiential learning is increasingly important in public health education. Purpose: Based on 33 studies, this is the first scoping review that provides clarity on the types of experiential learning activities (ELAs) used in public health education and the evaluation results from the perspectives of three stakeholders involved: students, faculty, and communities/external agencies. Methodology/Approach: A total of 1,912 citations were sourced from six electronic databases (Education Resources Information Centre, ProQuest Central, PubMed, Scopus, STM Source, and Web of Science) and manual searches (reference lists of included studies) independently by two researchers. A random-effects meta-analysis using forest plots and a meta-synthesis using a thematic synthesis approach were conducted. Findings/Conclusions: There was a diverse range of community-, classroom-, and work-focused ELAs used. Meta-analysis revealed positive outcomes in student satisfaction, problem-solving, and communication skills. This was triangulated with the meta-synthesis results, which also indicated an overwhelmingly positive attitude toward experiential learning by all three stakeholders. Implications: Future educational programs should consider the factors that contributed to the positive experiences from all three stakeholders’ perspectives, address the various challenges highlighted in this review to refine the experience, and assess the negative experiences of faculty, and community/external agencies in greater detail.
Psychotropic Medication Use and Changes During Hospitalization for Older Adults Living With Dementia
Authors: Resnick Barbara , Boltz Marie , Galik Elizabeth , Kuzmik Ashley , Drazich Brittany , McPherson Rachel , Kim Nayeon , Wells Chris , Zhu Shijun
Published: May 2023

To describe the use of psychotropic medications among older hospitalized patients. This was a descriptive study using baseline data from the first 308 older patients in a function focused care intervention study. Age, gender, race, comorbidities, admitting diagnosis, and medications (antidepressants, antianxiety medications, anticonvulsants, dementia drugs, antipsychotics, sedative-hypnotics, and opioids) were obtained at baseline and discharge. To compare change over time, generalized estimating equations were used. Participants were mostly female (63%) and White (69%) and were 83.1 years old on average. Antidepressant, antianxiety, anticonvulsant, dementia medication, sedative-hypnotic, and opioid use remained essentially unchanged between admission and discharge. Antipsychotic medication use increased significantly from 16% to 21% at discharge. There was persistent use of psychotropic medication among hospitalized older adults living with dementia and little evidence of deprescribing. There was some indication of changes made during hospitalization that may be appropriate, even without a focused deprescribing initiative.
Optimism Bias as Moderator to Deal with Anxiety & Depression: Empirical Evidence from PLS – SEM Based Approach
Authors: Ovais Durdana , Singh Lata Bajpai , Lakshmi V. Selva
Published: May 2023

The research aims at examining the influence of loneliness and stress on anxiety and depression. The role of optimism bias in regulating anxiety and depression dimensions among 726 students in India is investigated. Partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach is used to study the relationships between constructs. According to the data, optimism bias significantly moderates the association among stress and anxiety & between loneliness and anxiety. The research enables understanding of the consequences of Covid-19 upon the psychology of the students while providing an insight into the behavioural implications of loneliness, stress and optimism bias on the anxiety level and depression of students. The study enables the academicians and management in formulating communication and management strategies for students. Limited studies have been found on stress and depression in Indian student's context. It is the first study to employ an optimistic bias scale to investigate the behaviour of students in India and its impact on the students’ mental health using anxiety and depression as variables.
SMARCB1/INI1-Deficient Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma of the Colon With Rhabdoid Features—A Rare Tumor With Serrated Phenotype: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Maurya Shivali , Yadav Sujata , Bhowmik Subham , Dhal Jasmine , Mehra Lalita , Sharma Raju , Krishna Asuri , Sharma Atul , Barwad Adarsh , Das Prasenjit
Published: May 2023

Poorly differentiated colonic carcinoma with rhabdoid features is a rarely described entity. Our knowledge regarding the molecular phenotype of the tumor is evolving. We herein report a similar tumor with rhabdoid differentiation identified in the splenic flexure, which on histological examination showed a poorly differentiated phenotype with epithelioid to spindled morphology, tumor giant cells, and rhabdoid differentiation. The tumor was mismatch repair-proficient, deficient of INI1/SMARCB1, KRAS mutated (A146×), BRAFV600E mutated (c.1799T > A), and NRAS wild-type, indicating serrated differentiation in the tumor. The patient died after 3.5 months post-surgery. INI1-deficient poorly differentiated carcinoma of the colon is a rare, aggressive colonic malignancy showing a serrated phenotype. Routine identification and subtyping are important keeping in mind the distinct tumor phenotype, resistance to conventional chemotherapy, and dismal prognosis.
The combined effect of supercritical carbon dioxide and mild temperatures on pectin methylesterase inactivation in orange juice
Authors: Sultani Thais Madoglio , Francisco Ana Carolina Pereira , Dacanal Gustavo Cesar , Oliveira Alessandra Lopes de , Petrus Rodrigo Rodrigues
Published: May 2023

Pectin methylesterase (PME) is the target-enzyme in orange juice processing, and its inactivation preserves the original juice’s cloud, a valuable quality attribute for consumers. This study was primarily undertaken to evaluate the combination of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) and mild temperatures on PME inactivation in the juice. Physicochemical and color parameters were also evaluated. Pressures (P) in the range of 74 to 351 bar, temperatures (T) between 33 °C and 67 °C, and holding times (t) varying from 20 to 70 min were tested using a central composite rotational design. Determination of PME activity, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, ratio, lightness, °hue and chroma in freshly extracted/raw and treated juice samples, and total color difference (TCD) between raw and treated juice were carried out. The percentage of PME reduction widely ranged from 13.7% to 91.8%. The variable P had a significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) on TCD and acidity variation. T exhibited a significant effect on the PME reduction, TCD, and soluble solids variation; however, t impacted on the soluble solids variation only. The interaction between P and t (P.t) affected the soluble solids and acidity variation, and T.t affected TCD. The combination of SC-CO2 and mild temperatures is potentially capable of inactivating PME in orange juice.
Usage of primitive wheat (Triticum monococcum and Triticum dicoccum) flour and whole egg in noodle production
Authors: CANKURTARAN KÖMÜRCÜ Tekmile
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study was to improve the nutritional value and functional properties of noodles with the utilization of different primitive wheat and also whole egg. For this purpose, flours of two different primitive wheat ( Triticum monococcum and Triticum dicoccum) were used in noodle formulation replaced with wheat flour at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% ratio. Physical, chemical, textural, and functional properties of noodles were investigated. Noodle production was carried out with and without whole egg, and the effect of egg on noodle properties was also investigated. Noodle containing Triticum dicoccum showed higher levels of protein, fat, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic content compared to Triticum monococcum–containing samples. Whole egg usage significantly ( p < 0.05) affected the ash, fat, protein content, antioxidant activity, total yellow pigment, color value (L*, a* and b*), and cooking properties of noodle samples. The increased ratio of primitive wheat flour significantly improved the overall measured chemical properties of the noodles. Sensory analysis showed that primitive wheat had closer sensory scores to each other, and their usage above 50% affected sensory parameters negatively, on the other hand, the use of egg in noodle formulation had a positive effect on all parameters.
Initiating decolonization: from The Last Straw! to Whāriki
Authors: Quigg Robin , Kewene Fran , Morgaine Kate C
Published: May 2023

The board game, The Last Straw!, is part of the Aotearoa (New Zealand) public health and medical curriculum at the University of Otago. An engaging and effective teaching tool about the social determinants of health, the game falls short by being silent about Indigenous experiences. A project is underway to adapt The Last Straw! for play following an Indigenous framework, kaupapa Māori (Māori (Indigenous people of Aotearoa) approach). The game board is being redesigned as Whāriki, a woven mat. The mat represents a metaphor for life as strands of thread are woven throughout the lifecourse, and the thread characteristics impact the strength and qualities of the mat. This brief commentary outlines the first stage of adapting this resource, illustrating decolonizing the public health and medical curriculum in a way that honours and embeds te ao Māori (the Māori worldview), making them visible and intentional.
The cost of Indigenous cultural safety training: examining facilitator burnout and the impacts on health and wellness
Authors: Erb Tara Lise , Loppie Charlotte
Published: May 2023

This research represents an in-depth exploration of the lived experience, demands and risks of facilitating Indigenous cultural safety and the impact it has on the health and wellness of Indigenous cultural safety facilitators. Using Indigenous and qualitative methodologies, this study gathered data from 11 Indigenous cultural safety facilitators in the Vancouver Island and Vancouver regions through in-depth interviews. Issues around training, preparation, boundaries and capacity within Indigenous cultural safety spaces were examined, as well as the resistance, harm, violence, emotional taxation, hardships and burnout often experienced by Indigenous cultural safety facilitators. With a focus on how facilitating Indigenous cultural safety affects physical, emotional, mental and spiritual wellness, as well as emphasizing the high risk of burnout, this research demonstrates that Indigenous cultural safety environments can be unsafe for Indigenous cultural safety facilitators and exposes a need to explore further how social and structural supports can better protect the health and wellness of Indigenous cultural safety facilitators.
Self-reported autistic traits and psychosocial outcomes among university students in Malaysia
Authors: Low Hui Min , Zainal Mohd Syazwan , Pang Jee Ching , Ang Yammy , de Vries Marieke
Published: May 2023

An autism spectrum condition is considered a lifelong condition. Affected individuals typically experience poorer psychosocial outcomes compared to non-autistic individuals. However, in Southeast Asian countries such as Malaysia, research about autism spectrum conditions beyond the early childhood context is scarce, and therefore, the prevalence and psychosocial outcomes of young adults with autism spectrum conditions remain largely unknown. This study aims to explore self-reported autistic traits among university students in Malaysia, and their relation to emotion regulation, stress, self-efficacy and quality of life. Data from 2732 students revealed that 0.3% of the students reported having an autism spectrum condition diagnosis, while 2.5% reported that they suspected having an autism spectrum condition, but did not obtain a formal diagnosis. This indicates that an estimated 2.8% of students might have a diagnosed or suspected autism spectrum condition. These two categories of students were found to have poorer self-efficacy, higher perceived stress and poorer quality of life, as compared to their peers. However, these students were not significantly different from their peers in emotion regulation. Overall, the findings pointed to negative psychosocial outcomes associated with autism spectrum condition and culture-specific associations between autistic traits and psychosocial outcomes.

Lay abstract

Most research on autism spectrum conditions is done on young children and not as much on young adults with autism spectrum conditions. Because of this, not much is known about how common autism spectrum conditions are in young adults and how they affect their mental and social health, especially in Southeast Asia. Based on self-reports, 2.8% of the 2732 university students we looked at in Malaysia might have been diagnosed or thought to have an autism spectrum condition. Students who said they had or thought they had autism spectrum conditions had lower self-efficacy, more stress and a lower quality of life than students who said they did not have autism spectrum conditions. The results showed that university students with autism spectrum condition are more likely to have bad psychological and social outcomes than their peers without autism spectrum condition. Also, the link between autistic traits and psychosocial outcomes could depend on the culture.
Do start-up ecosystems foster start-up performance? The moderating role of network learning capability
Authors: Perdomo-Charry Geovanny , Clegg Stewart , Schweitzer Jochen
Published: May 2023

This study investigates the relationship between start-up ecosystem (SE) and start-up performance (SP) in two distinct environments. It analyses SE as a critical antecedent of SP by considering the underlying effects of network learning capability (NLC). We test the hypothesized relationships by a study of 221 start-ups in Colombia and 203 start-ups in Australia and validate the theoretical model using survey information. We apply a structural equation modelling partial least squares structural equation modelling and multi-group approaches. The results verify the positive influence of SE on SP independently of NLC development. Nevertheless, network learning as a capability acts as a moderator by establishing the impact of the SE on SP. The moderating is determined by a strong NLC linking the SE's government, financial and organisational support. The findings contribute to the literature on entrepreneurship and innovation with relevant management implications by providing new evidence regarding the benefits of SE in terms of SP effectiveness.
Abolishing division of labour or making it better?
Authors: Renault Emmanuel
Published: May 2023

In some of his latest publications, Honneth claims that what is problematic with the contemporary forms of division of labour is that they are not in tune with what the division of labour should be. He endorse a Hegelian-Durkheimian conception of a division of labour as a source of social recognition and solidarity and therefore rejects Marx’s assumption that the division of labour is problematic as such, and therefore should be abolished. In a first step, this article reconstructs Honneth’s central argument. In a second step, it distinguishes different meanings of the very notion of the division of labour. In a third step, it raises two sets of questions: Would it be possible, and legitimate, to try to improve all dimensions of the division of labour, or would a normative conception of the division of labour imply that some of them should be abolished? Should we not use two distinct concepts of division of labour rather that only one?
Diversity maximization-based transfer diagnosis approach of rotating machinery
Authors: She Daoming , Chen Jin , Yan Xiaoan , Zhao Xiaoli , Pecht Michael
Published: May 2023

The existing transfer diagnosis methods based on entropy minimization are easy to lead to trivial solution. To solve this problem, a deep diversity maximization-based adversarial transfer diagnosis approach for rotating machinery is presented in this paper. Firstly, the deep convolution neural network is utilized as the feature encoder to learn the characteristics of vibration signals in different working conditions. The diversity maximization strategy is taken to balance the entropy minimization, so as to avoid trivial local minimum. The categories predicted by nontrivial domain adaptation method are more diverse. Moreover, the entropy is conducted to evaluate the uncertainty of the predicted result of the classifier. Using this deterministic strategy based on entropy to adjust the domain discriminator. The experimental study demonstrates the effectiveness of the developed method.
Collections of Arctic Plants, Lichens, and Fungi in the Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Norway
Authors: Bjorå Charlotte Sletten , Bendiksby Mika , Løfall Bjørn Petter , Johannesen Lars Erik , Timdal Einar
Published: May 2023

The Arctic has been, and is, an area of focus for the botanical and fungal (lichenized fungi included) collections at the Natural History Museum of Oslo. These collections house more than 233,000 unique Arctic specimens, the oldest dating back more than two centuries. The vascular plants account for 63 percent, lichens 30 percent, and fungi 7 percent. The Arctic collections have a circumpolar representation with emphasis on mainland Norway (48 percent) and Svalbard (13 percent), followed by Arctic America (10 percent), Greenland (9 percent), and Arctic Russia (8 percent). The Oslo herbarium and fungarium house collections from important polar expeditions like Fram-2, Gjøa, and Maud, but also of many expeditions where collecting biological specimens was the main purpose. The number of new collections was highest in the decades 1930 to 1939 and 2000 to 2009 with each around 35,000 new specimens. In the 1990s, a DNA Bank was established for DNA extracts and tissue samples, and it houses today 22,879 Arctic accessions of fungi, lichens, and plants. In times of climatic change and a tense geopolitical situation, the herbarium and fungarium at NHM-Oslo represent an invaluable source for biological information about the Arctic. We welcome the use of our collections for research-, nature management-, and teaching purposes.
Long-Term Outcomes of Sternal-Sparing Versus Sternotomy Approaches for Mitral Valve Repair: Meta-Analysis of Reconstructed Time-to-Event Data
Authors: Sá Michel Pompeu , Jacquemyn Xander , Erten Ozgun , Van den Eynde Jef , Caldonazo Tulio , Doenst Torsten , Ruhparwar Arjang , Weymann Alexander , de Souza Rodrigo Oliveira Rosa Ribeiro , Rodriguez Roberto , Ramlawi Basel , Goldman Scott
Published: May 2023

Objective:

Since there are concerns about the durability of mitral valve repair (MVRp) with minimally invasive techniques in patients with mitral regurgitation (MR), we aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of these sternal-sparing approaches when compared with conventional approaches with sternotomy in patients undergoing MVRp.

Methods:

We performed a systematic review according to a preestablished protocol and performed a pooled analysis of Kaplan–Meier–derived reconstructed time-to-event data from studies with longer follow-up comparing sternal-sparing versus sternotomy approaches for MVRp. Our outcomes of interest were survival, freedom from recurrent MR, and freedom from reoperation.

Results:

Eleven studies met our eligibility criteria comprising 7,596 patients with follow-up (sternal sparing, n = 4,246; sternotomy, n = 3,350). Patients who underwent sternal-sparing MVRp had a significantly lower risk of mortality over time compared with patients who underwent MVRp with sternotomy (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.23 to 0.36, P < 0.001) in the overall analysis. However, we found no statistically significant difference between the groups in the sensitivity analysis with adjusted populations (HR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.63 to 1.15, P = 0.301). Regarding the outcomes freedom from recurrent MR and freedom from reoperation, we found no statistically significant differences between the groups in the follow-up in both overall and sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions:

In comparison with MVRp with sternotomy approaches, sternal-sparing MVRp was not associated with worse outcomes in terms of survival, recurrent MR, and reoperations over time.
Universal nonlinear disturbance observer for robotic manipulators
Authors: Zhang Feilong , Zhang Xin , Li Qingxin , Zhang Hualiang
Published: May 2023

Dynamic uncertainties and unknown disturbances will degrade the tracking performance of robots. When using a disturber observer-based controller, the key to effectively compensate for these uncertainties is to measure or estimate as accurately as possible any disturbance. To relax restrictions on the design of the current nonlinear disturbance observer for the robot, a universal nonlinear disturbance observer is proposed for higher estimation performance. The stability of the proposed universal nonlinear disturbance observer is theoretically analyzed and the boundaries of estimation error are proven according to the vector differential equation. Finally, the proposed universal nonlinear disturbance observer is evaluated via simulation by comparison to the nonlinear disturbance observer. The result shows a faster estimation speed and a higher estimation accuracy of the universal nonlinear disturbance observer.
Memory dialogics: Scholastique Mukasonga’s literary renegotiation of Rwandan Genocide narratives
Authors: Fryer-Davis Valerie
Published: May 2023

Many scholars have recently observed how the Rwandan State, led by the Rwandan Patriotic Front, relies on public memory after the 1994 Rwandan Genocide to categorize individuals based on gender and ethnicity. But the scholarship predominately constructs individual narratives in opposition to the State narrative, either supporting or resisting it. This article approaches the political memorialization in Rwanda through literature in order to explore how individuals simultaneously support and renegotiate State narrative tropes by fictionalizing a diverse set of emotions. Through a case study of Scholastique Mukasonga’s novels and memoires, the article examines how literary form and language allow an individual writer to dialogically situate their own memories within prescriptive State and international narratives, allowing readers to simultaneously relate to a multitude of contradictory narratives through their attendant emotions. The article reveals that the degree to which a writer can nuance these narratives from above depends on the writer’s identity, their geographical location, the languages they write in, literary form, and which aspects of the State narrative they choose to critique. The study concludes that literature might be crucial to encourage deeper reconciliation in Rwanda.
Case report: Prolonged amelioration of mild red-green color vision deficiency following psilocybin mushroom use
Authors: Barnett Brian S. , Sweat Noah Wiles , Hendricks Peter S.
Published: May 2023

Background

Recent survey data indicate that some people report long-term improvement in color vision deficiency (CVD), also known as color blindness, following use of psychedelics such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin. However, there are no objective data reported in the medical literature quantifying the degree or duration of CVD improvement associated with psychedelic use.

Case presentation

Here we present the case of a subject with red-green CVD (mild deuteranomalia) who self-administered the Ishihara Test to quantify the degree and duration of CVD improvement following the use of 5 g of dried psilocybin mushrooms. Self-reported Ishihara Test data from the subject revealed partial improvement in CVD peaking at 8 days and persisting for at least 16 days post-psilocybin administration. This improvement may have lasted longer, though the subsequent observations are confounded by additional substance use.

Conclusion

A single use of psilocybin may produce partial improvements in CVD extending beyond the period of acute effect, despite this condition typically resulting from a genetic defect. Systematic exploration of this possible phenomenon is needed to confirm our findings, gauge their generalizability, and determine the mechanism of action.
An artificial intelligence-based chatbot for prostate cancer education: Design and patient evaluation study
Authors: Görtz Magdalena , Baumgärtner Kilian , Schmid Tamara , Muschko Marc , Woessner Philipp , Gerlach Axel , Byczkowski Michael , Sültmann Holger , Duensing Stefan , Hohenfellner Markus
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in healthcare. AI-based chatbots can act as automated conversational agents, capable of promoting health and providing education at any time. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a user-friendly medical chatbot (prostate cancer communication assistant (PROSCA)) for provisioning patient information about early detection of prostate cancer (PC).

Methods

The chatbot was developed to provide information on prostate diseases, diagnostic tests for PC detection, stages, and treatment options. Ten men aged 49 to 81 years with suspicion of PC were enrolled in this study. Nine of ten patients used the chatbot during the evaluation period and filled out the questionnaires on usage and usability, perceived benefits, and potential for improvement.

Results

The chatbot was straightforward to use, with 78% of users not needing any assistance during usage. In total, 89% of the chatbot users in the study experienced a clear to moderate increase in knowledge about PC through the chatbot. All study participants who tested the chatbot would like to re-use a medical chatbot in the future and support the use of chatbots in the clinical routine.

Conclusions

Through the introduction of the chatbot PROSCA, we created and evaluated an innovative evidence-based health information tool in the field of PC, allowing targeted support for doctor–patient communication and offering great potential in raising awareness, patient education, and support. Our study revealed that a medical chatbot in the field of early PC detection is readily accepted and benefits patients as an additional informative tool.
A qualitative document analysis of national guidelines in Nordic nursing education using the European Federation of Nurses Associations Competency Framework
Authors: Eronen Lotta , Strandell-Laine Camilla , Wangensteen Sigrid , Anåker Anna , Thorsteinsson Hrund Scheving , Svavarsdóttir Margrét Hrönn , Henriksen Jette , Fagerström Lisbeth
Published: May 2023

Initial harmonization has been found within nursing education in the European Union member states, but with a need for the establishment of further, well-defined standards. The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the main content of nursing education expressed in national guidelines in the Nordic countries, seen as comparisons between the countries and to the European Federation of Nurses Associations (EFN) Competency Framework. A qualitative deductive research method and content analysis were applied to analyze 20 documents, using the EFN Competency Framework as a theoretical framework and analysis matrix. The study was performed in line with the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) checklist. Variations in structure between the included countries was seen and evident uniformity was lacking. There were differences, e.g. the number of European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) credits needed for a degree that needs to be further explored in relation to the quality of education and the competence of newly qualified nurses. There is a question of whether the EU Framework corresponds to the need for nursing competencies for today and the future. Homogenization of guidelines and structures might facilitate further development and deeper collaboration between the Nordic countries, thereby leading to enhanced patient safety and care quality.
An Analysis of Nicotine Pouch Use by Middle School and High School Students Surveyed by the National Youth Tobacco Survey in 2021 and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Speciale Zachary , Rao Sanjana , Yang Shengping , Nugent Kenneth
Published: May 2023

Objectives:

The use of alternative nicotine products by middle and high school students is a growing concern due to industry marketing techniques, availability, and popularity of new products, and ambiguous nicotine concentrations. The 2021 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) provides information about the frequency, and characteristics of middle, and high school students who have used nicotine pouches.

Methods:

The National Youth Tobacco Surveys provide important information about the frequency of use of tobacco and alternative nicotine products by a representative sample of students in schools in the United States. The 2021 survey included questions about the use of nicotine pouches/dissolvable tobacco products. The results from the survey were analysis using descriptive statistics, and logistic regression to model the association between the use of these alternative nicotine products, and the use of electronic cigarettes or the use of conventional cigarettes.

Results:

A total of 20 413 students participated in the survey year 2021; 17 842 were included in the final data analysis. Their ages ranged from 9 to 18+. Identified risk factors for the use of alternative nicotine products included race, and age. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was lower in non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic students, as compared to non-Hispanic White students. Older students had a substantially higher risk of using nicotine/dissolvable tobacco products, specifically, compared to students less than or equal to 13 years old. The OR increased 174% (OR: 2.74; 1.70-4.41) in 17-year-old students. The perception of harm associated with electronic cigarettes increased the likelihood of using alternative nicotine products. Students who did not smoke cigarettes (OR: 0.39; 0.27-0.56) or did not smoke electronic cigarettes (OR: 0.20; 0.18-0.40) had significantly lower OR for using alternative nicotine products.

Conclusions:

The 2021 National Youth Tobacco Survey indicates that a relatively small percentage of middle school and high school student have used nicotine pouches. However, with the increase in new, alternative tobacco products, understanding adolescent use in comparison to other tobacco products is an important trend to monitor.
The Effect of COVID-19 on Spine Surgery
Authors: Mills Emily S. , Mertz Kevin , Faye Ethan , Ton Andy , Wang Jeffrey C. , Hah Raymond J. , Alluri Ram K.
Published: May 2023

Study Design

Retrospective cohort analysis

Objective

To characterize the impact of COVID-19 on utilization of the ten most common spine procedures and percentages of outpatient procedures.

Methods

The PearlDiver national database was queried from January 2010 to April 2021 for short (<6 segments) and long segment posterior instrumented fusion (≥6 segments), posterior cervical fusion, anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF), cervical laminectomy, laminoplasty, and disc arthroplasty, lumbar laminectomy, microdiscectomy, and interbody fusion. Annual procedure utilization between January 2010 through April 2021 was recorded and compared. Monthly trends were compared to January 2020. Outpatient trends were compared between 2010-2019 and 2019-2021 using segmented linear regression.

Results

Overall, all ten procedures decreased 4.3% in 2020 compared to 2019 and increased 6.3% in 2021 compared to 2019. March and April of 2020 had the largest decreases, with March 2020 decreasing 18.2% and April 2020 decreasing 51.6% compared to January 2020. Despite increasing COVID cases in January 2021, overall procedure utilization decreased only 1.8% compared to January 2020, and increased later in 2021 with April 2021 case volumes increasing by 138% compared to January 2020. Outpatient utilization of short segment posterior lumbar fusion and lumbar interbody fusion significantly increased during this time ( P < .001).

Conclusion

The greatest impact on spine surgery volume from the COVID-19 pandemic occurred in March and April 2020. Spine procedure utilization was otherwise similar or increased compared to January 2020. Additionally, the volume of outpatient short segment posterior fusion and lumbar interbody fusions increased during this time period.
Risk Factors for Postoperative Ileus Following Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chang Yu , Wong Chia-En , Chen Wei-Cheng , Hsu Hao-Hsiang , Lee Po-Hsuan , Huang Chi-Chen , Lee Jung-Shun
Published: May 2023

Study design

Systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives

Postoperative ileus (POI) can negatively impact patient recovery and surgical outcomes after spine surgery. Emerging studies have focused on the risk factors for POI after spine surgery. This study aimed to review the available literature on risk factors associated with POI following elective spine surgery.

Methods

Electronic databases were searched to identify relevant studies. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effect model. Risk factors for POI were summarized using pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

Twelve studies were included in the present review. Meta-analysis demonstrated males exhibited a higher risk of POI than females odds ratio (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.54-2.01). Patients with anemia had a higher risk of POI than those without anemia (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.04-2.11). Patients with liver disease (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.2-9.08) had a higher risk of POI. The presence of perioperative fluid and electrolyte imbalances was a predictor of POI (OR, 3.24; 95% CI, 2.62-4.02). Spine surgery involving more than 3 levels had a higher risk of POI compared to that with 1-2 levels (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.03-3.23).

Conclusions

Male sex and the presence of anemia and liver disease were significant patient factors associated with POI. Perioperative fluid and electrolyte imbalance and multilevel spine surgery significantly increased the risk of POI. In addition, through this comprehensive review, we identified several perioperative risk factors associated with the development of POI after spine surgery.
Do Outcomes Differ After Proximal Hamstring Repair for Patients Receiving Workers’ Compensation?
Authors: Sullivan Kali J. , Nemec Sophie M. , Mahendraraj Kuhan A. , Swanson Daniel P. , Saini Sundeep S. , Miller Suzanne L.
Published: May 2023

Background:

Patients with workers’ compensation (WC) insurance claims are often shown to experience inferior patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after an orthopaedic surgical intervention compared with patients without WC claims.

Purpose:

To compare the postoperative PROs of patients with WC claims (WC patients) versus those without WC claims (non-WC patients) after proximal hamstring repair (PHR).

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

WC patients who underwent PHR between November 2011 and to September 2020 were propensity score matched at a 1:2 ratio to non-WC patients according to age, sex, and body mass index. Comorbidity data were collected as well as minimum 1-year postoperative PRO scores for the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), the Hip Outcome Score (HOS), and the 12-Item Short From Health Survey (SF-12) Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS). The type of work was characterized according to national WC insurance guidelines as light (maximum 20 lbs [9.1 kg]), medium (maximum 50 lbs [22.7 kg]), or heavy (≥50 lbs) [>/=22.7 kg].

Results:

A total of 30 patients (10 WC and 20 non-WC) were included. The work type and baseline demographic characteristics of patients did not differ between groups. There were no significant between-group differences in postoperative PRO scores as measured by the LEFS ( P = .488), HOS ( P = .233), or SF-12 PCS ( P = .521). However, the WC cohort showed inferior SF-12 MCS scores compared with the non-WC group (49.28 ± 9.97 vs 54.26 ± 9.69, respectively; P = .032). The WC status was also associated with an increased time needed for patients to return to full-duty work capacity (21 ± 9 vs 9 ± 8 weeks; P = .005).

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that WC and non-WC patients who undergo PHR have comparable outcomes. Differences in SF-12 MCS scores and return to work time for full-duty capacity warrant further investigation.
Education and marriage behavior Among rural folks: A dilemma of senior high school graduates in Northern-Ghana
Authors: Issahaku Alhassan , Asoma Abiba
Published: May 2023

Education is necessary for human development, especially at a time when the conventional labor market is in decline, yet the challenges of child marriage remain unresolved. The study examined how Northern Ghana’s rural folks handle calls for marriage and higher education. A case study design was implemented within the qualitative method to achieve the stated goal. Results revealed that factors influencing marriage and education choices include poor educational background, peer influence, teenage pregnancy, financial constraints, and parental pressure. There was a greater interest in marriage than in higher education. The institution of marriage is cheap compared to the cost of tertiary education, combined with economic and social advantages. This negatively affects education decisions. Results also showed that higher education helps build better homes and keeps marital households financially secure. However, females are less likely to marry and have children than their male counterparts. The results uncovered elements of incrementalism in the decisions of Senior High School graduates. This is reflected in limited expert advice, limited consideration of alternatives, and more focus on personal experience and feelings related to problem-solving and troubleshooting. However, when confronted with the consequences of their decisions, the study detected traces of rationality and incrementalism.
Nasal Cavity Length or Analyzed Nasal Segment of Acoustic Rhinometry in Thai Adults
Authors: Assanasen Paraya , Suwanwech Triphoom , Pinkaew Bannapuch , Khongsri Anupa , Keskool Phawin
Published: May 2023

Background

Nasal cavity length (NCL) is important for determining analyzed nasal segment (ANS) of acoustic rhinometry (AR). AR is a technique for nasal airway assessment which nasal cross-sectional areas and nasal volume (NV) are obtained. NCL or ANS is the important parameter to determine NV measured by AR. The ANS used to calculate NV in previous literatures vary from 4 to 8 cm. However, there has not been any study regarding NCL of Asians which is probably different from that of Western countries.

Objectives

To measure NCL in Thai adults using nasal telescope and compared NCL between left and right sides as well as male and female as well as among age groups.

Design

Prospective study

Methods

This study was performed on patients, aged 18–95 years, who underwent nasal telescopy under local anesthesia at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Siriraj Hospital. Baseline characteristics (sex and age) of patients were collected. NCL (from anterior nasal spine to posterior edge of nasal septum) of both nasal cavities was measured using rigid nasal telescope of 0 degree. Mean NCL length of both nasal cavities was calculated.

Results

There were 1277 patients, with 498 (39%) male and 779 (61%) female. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of NCL of male was 6 ± 0.6 cm whereas that of female was 5.7 ± 0.5 cm. There were no significant differences in NCL between left and right sides as well as among age groups in each gender (p > 0.05 all). However, male had significantly longer NCL compared with that of female (p < 0.001). The mean ± SD of NCL of total population was 5.9 ± 0.6 cm.

Conclusion

The NCL of Thais was approximately 6 cm. These data are useful to determine ANS used to calculate NV when AR is performed.

Plain Language Summaries

The length of nasal cavity (LNC) is important variable for acoustic rhinometry (AR) which is the instrument to measure nasal volume (NV). We use AR in clinical researches to diagnose and monitor the results of treatment of nose and sinus diseases The LNC used to calculate NV in previous studies vary from 4 to 8 cm. However, there has not been any study of LNC of Asians which is probably different from that of Western countries We measured LNC in 1277 Thai adults, aged 18–95 years, with 498 (39%) male and 779 (61%) female using nasal rigid endoscope and compared LNC between male and female. The average of LNC was 5.9 cm. Male had longer LNC compared with that female. The LNC of Thais was approximately 6 cm. These data are useful for AR to calculate NV.
Serving Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Age of COVID-19: Special Considerations for Rural Families
Authors: Tomeny Theodore S. , Hudac Caitlin M. , Malaia Evie A. , Morett Laura M. , Tomeny Kimberly R. , Watkins Laci , Kana Rajesh K.
Published: May 2023

This position paper explores the needs of rural families of children, adolescents, and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior to COVID-19, literature portrays elevated stress in families of individuals with ASD and health and socioeconomic disparities for rural and underserved populations. These disparities were exacerbated due to COVID-19 and subsequent lockdowns and economic turmoil. Academic and adaptive skills training were particularly impacted due to school closures, with parents tasked with taking some responsibility for training these skills. Our goals for this article focus on special considerations for rural families regarding (a) neurobiological and developmental impacts of stressful experiences like COVID-19, (b) delineation of the impacts on individuals with ASD and other comorbid and related conditions, and (c) education and intervention needs during these times. Finally, we offer suggestions for future care during pandemic events, including recommendations for improving service delivery under such conditions.