bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrathin, high-speed, all-optical photoacoustic endomicroscopy probe for guiding minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Zhao Tianrui , Pham Truc Thuy , Baker Christian , Ma Michelle T. , Ourselin Sebastien , Vercauteren Tom , Zhang Edward , Beard Paul C. , Xia Wenfeng
Published: July 2022

Photoacoustic (PA) endoscopy has shown significant potential for clinical diagnosis and surgical guidance. Multimode fibres (MMFs) are becoming increasingly attractive for the development of miniature endoscopy probes owing to their ultrathin size, low cost and diffraction-limited spatial resolution enabled by wavefront shaping. However, current MMF-based PA endomicroscopy probes are either limited by a bulky ultrasound detector or a low imaging speed that hindered their usability. In this work, we report the development of a highly miniaturised and high-speed PA endomicroscopy probe that is integrated within the cannula of a 20 gauge medical needle. This probe comprises a MMF for delivering the PA excitation light and a single-mode optical fibre with a plano-concave microresonator for ultrasound detection. Wavefront shaping with a digital micromirror device enabled rapid raster-scanning of a focused light spot at the distal end of the MMF for tissue interrogation. High-resolution PA imaging of mouse red blood cells covering an area 100 µm in diameter was achieved with the needle probe at ∼3 frames per second. Mosaicing imaging was performed after fibre characterisation by translating the needle probe to enlarge the field-of-view in real-time. The developed ultrathin PA endomicroscopy probe is promising for guiding minimally invasive surgery by providing functional, molecular and microstructural information of tissue in real-time.
Angular momentum driven dynamics of stimulated Brillouin scattering in multimode fibers
Authors: Greenberg Aaron P. , Ma Zelin , Ramachandran Siddharth
Published: July 2022

The strength of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in optical fibers is largely governed by the spatial overlap between supported optical and acoustic modes, leading to a complicated amalgamation of photon-phonon interactions in multimode fibers. Here, we study SBS dynamics in ring-core fibers that support modes carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), which result in distinctive characteristics. We find that the OAM SBS response, as well as modal content, strongly depends on the polarization state of the pump, as OAM modes in fiber have distinct propagation dynamics depending on whether the input is circularly or linearly polarized. This is in contrast to conventionally posited wisdom that SBS strength is independent of the pump’s input polarization state in an isotropic material. This increased specificity can lead to interesting effects such as spatial phase conjugation even in the presence of stably transmitted, i.e. non-aberrated, spatial pump modes. More generally, we show that using OAM modes yields additional degrees of control over SBS interactions beyond more conventional parameters, such as effective area, acousto-optic spatial overlaps, and material composition.
Route to flexible metamaterial terahertz biosensor based on multi-resonance dips
Authors: Geng Zhaoxin , Wang Zhaoyang , Liu Chang
Published: July 2022

A flexible terahertz (THz) metamaterial biosensor is theoretically and experimentally investigated. The metamaterial unit cell of the periodic structure array was simply composed of three non-overlapping cut wires with different length parameters on a flexible thin-film (parylene-C) to improve sensitivity. The biosensor sample was fabricated using a lithography process and characterized by a THz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) system. The metamaterial exhibited multi-resonance dips in transmission spectrum at 0.6-2.0 THz, which can self-correct errors in biosensing. Numerical results show that the Q-factor, figure of merit (FOM) and sensitivity can change in dynamic ranges with the geometric parameters (space and width) of three-cut-wire metamaterial. When space distance was 40 µm and other parameters were default, the sensitivity, FOM and Q-factor reached 710 GHz/RIU (Refractive Index Unit), 9, and 20, respectively. Therefore, through proper design and preparation, the metamaterial can be applied to biochemical detection.
Ultrafast time-resolved single-shot birefringence microscopy for laser-induced anisotropy
Authors: Terasawa Eichi , Satoh Daisuke , Maru Sena , Shibuya Tatsunori , Moriai Yasuaki , Ogawa Hiroshi , Tanaka Masahito , Sakaue Kazuyuki , Washio Masakazu , Kobayashi Yohei , Kuroda Ryunosuke
Published: July 2022

The interaction between ultrashort laser pulses and materials in the ultrafast time domain, especially regarding the effect of laser polarization, has attracted much attention. In this study, ultrafast time-resolved single-shot birefringence microscopy is performed to observe laser-induced anisotropy. The birefringences of the optical Kerr effect and laser-induced anisotropic nanostructures by femtosecond laser pulses in silica glass are measured, and their slow axis is confirmed to correspond to the linear polarization angle of the pump light. We discuss the time variations of these birefringences in the picosecond time domain.
Effect of spatial variation of the duty cycle in transverse second-harmonic generation
Authors: Wang Ningning , Liu Shan , Zhao Ruwei , Xu Tianxiang , Chen Feng , Arie Ady , Krolikowski Wieslaw , Sheng Yan
Published: July 2022

Transverse second-harmonic generation, in which the emission angles of the second harmonic are determined by the spatial modulation of the quadratic nonlinearity, has important applications in nonlinear optical imaging, holography, and beam shaping. Here we study the role of the local duty cycle of the nonlinearity on the light intensity distribution in transverse second-harmonic generation, taking the generation of perfect vortices in periodically poled ferroelectric crystal as an example. We show, theoretically and experimentally, that spatial variations of the nonlinearity modulation must be accompanied by the corresponding changes of the width of inverted ferroelectric domains, to ensure uniformity of the light intensity distribution in the generated second harmonic. This work provides a fundamental way to achieve high-quality transverse second-harmonic generation and, hence, opens more possibilities in applications based on harmonic generation and its control.
Laser ultrasonic loading and optical interference detection of closed cracks in K9 glass
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Zhang Hongchao , Lu Jian , Shen Zhong–hua
Published: July 2022

The traditional optical detection method has a limitation in detecting closed cracks in optical elements. In this Letter, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, method has been developed for the detection of closed cracks in transparent samples. Firstly, behaviors of closed cracks under ultrasonic waves loading are demonstrated through the finite-element method (FEM). Simulation results show that the crack can be opened by the laser ultrasonic shear wave (S-wave). Then, a Mach–Zehnder interferometer system is experimentally established to detect closed cracks under ultrasonic waves loading in the sample. It is demonstrated that closed cracks which cannot be detected by interferometry become visible in interferogram images under ultrasonic waves loading. The width of the opened crack can also be quantitatively estimated. Thus the method would be a promising approach to detect initially closed cracks in optical elements.
Neuron-specific ablation of the Krabbe disease gene galactosylceramidase in mice results in neurodegeneration
Authors: Kreher Conlan , Favret Jacob , Weinstock Nadav I. , Maulik Malabika , Hong Xinying , Gelb Michael H. , Wrabetz Lawrence , Feltri M. Laura , Shin Daesung
Published: July 2022

Krabbe disease is caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal galactosylceramidase (GALC) enzyme, which results in the accumulation of galactosylceramide (GalCer) and psychosine. In Krabbe disease, the brunt of demyelination and neurodegeneration is believed to result from the dysfunction of myelinating glia. Recent studies have shown that neuronal axons are both structurally and functionally compromised in Krabbe disease, even before demyelination, suggesting a possible neuron-autonomous role of GALC. Using a novel neuron-specific Galc knockout (CKO) model, we show that neuronal Galc deletion is sufficient to cause growth and motor coordination defects and inflammatory gliosis in mice. Furthermore, psychosine accumulates significantly in the nervous system of neuron-specific Galc-CKO. Confocal and electron microscopic analyses show profound neuro-axonal degeneration with a mild effect on myelin structure. Thus, we prove for the first time that neuronal GALC is essential to maintain and protect neuronal function independently of myelin and may directly contribute to the pathogenesis of Krabbe disease.
Selfish centromeres and the wastefulness of human reproduction
Authors: Hurst Laurence D.
Published: July 2022

Many human embryos die in utero owing to an excess or deficit of chromosomes, a phenomenon known as aneuploidy; this is largely a consequence of nondisjunction during maternal meiosis I. Asymmetries of this division render it vulnerable to selfish centromeres that promote their own transmission, these being thought to somehow underpin aneuploidy. In this essay, I suggest that these vulnerabilities provide only half the solution to the enigma. In mammals, as in utero and postnatal provisioning is continuous, the costs of early death are mitigated. With such reproductive compensation, selection can favour a centromere because it induces lethal aneuploidy: if, when taken towards the polar body, it instead kills the embryo via aneuploidy, it gains. The model is consistent with the observation that reduced dosage of a murine drive suppressor induces aneuploidy and with the fact that high aneuploidy rates in vertebrates are seen exclusively in mammals. I propose further tests of this idea. The wastefulness of human reproduction may be a price we pay for nurturing our offspring.
Base editing in bovine embryos reveals a species-specific role of SOX2 in regulation of pluripotency
Authors: Luo Lei , Shi Yan , Wang Huanan , Wang Zizengchen , Dang Yanna , Li Shuang , Wang Shaohua , Zhang Kun
Published: July 2022

The emergence of the first three lineages during development is orchestrated by a network of transcription factors, which are best characterized in mice. However, the role and regulation of these factors are not completely conserved in other mammals, including human and cattle. Here, we establish a gene inactivation system with a robust efficiency by introducing premature codon with cytosine base editors in bovine early embryos. By using this approach, we have determined the functional consequences of three critical lineage-specific genes (SOX2, OCT4 and CDX2) in bovine embryos. In particular, SOX2 knockout results in a failure of the establishment of pluripotency in blastocysts. Indeed, OCT4 level is significantly reduced and NANOG barely detectable. Furthermore, the formation of primitive endoderm is compromised with few SOX17 positive cells. RNA-seq analysis of single blastocysts (day 7.5) reveals dysregulation of 2074 genes, among which 90% are up-regulated in SOX2-null blastocysts. Intriguingly, more than a dozen lineage-specific genes, including OCT4 and NANOG, are down-regulated. Moreover, SOX2 level is sustained in the trophectoderm in absence of CDX2. However, OCT4 knockout does not affect the expression of SOX2. Overall, we propose that SOX2 is indispensable for OCT4 and NANOG expression and CDX2 represses the expression of SOX2 in the trophectoderm in cattle, which are all in sharp contrast with results in mice.
Cervical lesion proportion measure using a digital gridded imaging technique to assess cervical pathology in women with genital schistosomiasis
Authors: Arenholt Louise Thomsen Schmidt , Aaroe Katrina Kaestel , Norderud Kanutte , Lumholdt Mads , Randrianasolo Bodo Sahondra , Ramarokoto Charles Emile , Rabozakandraina Oliva , Broennum Dorthe , Feldmeier Hermann , Leutscher Peter Derek Christian
Published: July 2022

Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) is characterized by a pattern of lesions which manifest at the cervix and the vagina, such as homogeneous and grainy sandy patches, rubbery papules in addition to neovascularization. A tool for quantification of the lesions is needed to improve FGS research and control programs. Hitherto, no tools are available to quantify clinical pathology at the cervix in a standardized and reproducible manner. This study aimed to develop and validate a cervical lesion proportion (CLP) measure for quantification of cervical pathology in FGS. A digital imaging technique was applied in which a grid containing 424 identical squares was positioned on high resolution digital images from the cervix of 70 women with FGS. CLP was measured for each image by observers counting the total number of squares containing at least one type of FGS associated lesion. For assessment of inter- and intra-observer reliability, three different observers measured CLP independently. In addition, a rubbery papule count (RPC) was determined in a similar manner. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.94 (excellent) for the CLP inter-rater reliability and 0.90 (good) for intra-rater reliability and the coefficients for the RPC were 0.88 and 0.80 (good), respectively. The CLP facilitated a reliable and reproducible quantification of FGS associated lesions of the cervix. In the future, grading of cervical pathology by CLP may provide insight into the natural course of schistosome egg-induced pathology of the cervix and may have a role in assessing praziquantel treatment efficacy against FGS.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, trial number NCT04115072; trial URL https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04115072?term=Female+genital+schistosomiasis+AND+Madagascar&draw=2&rank=1.
Transmission and diversity of Schistosoma haematobium and S. bovis and their freshwater intermediate snail hosts Bulinus globosus and B. nasutus in the Zanzibar Archipelago, United Republic of Tanzania
Authors: Pennance Tom , Ame Shaali Makame , Amour Amour Khamis , Suleiman Khamis Rashid , Muhsin Mtumweni Ali , Kabole Fatma , Ali Said Mohammed , Archer John , Allan Fiona , Emery Aidan , Rabone Muriel , Knopp Stefanie , Rollinson David , Cable Joanne , Webster Bonnie L.
Published: July 2022

Background

The Zanzibar Archipelago (Pemba and Unguja islands) is targeted for the elimination of human urogenital schistosomiasis caused by infection withSchistosoma haematobiumwhere the intermediate snail host isBulinus globosus. Following multiple studies, it has remained unclear ifB.nasutus(a snail species that occupies geographically distinct regions on the Archipelago) is involved inS.haematobiumtransmission on Zanzibar. Additionally,S.haematobiumwas thought to be the onlySchistosomaspecies present on the Zanzibar Archipelago until the sympatric transmission ofS.bovis, a parasite of ruminants, was recently identified. Here we re-assess the epidemiology of schistosomiasis on Pemba and Unguja together with the role and genetic diversity of theBulinusspp. involved in transmission.

Methodology/Principal findings

Malacological and parasitological surveys were conducted between 2016 and 2019. In total, 11,116Bulinusspp. snails were collected from 65 of 112 freshwater bodies surveyed.Bulinusspecies identification were determined using mitochondrialcox1 sequences for a representative subset of collectedBulinus(n = 504) and together with archived museum specimens (n = 6), 433B.globosusand 77B.nasutuswere identified. Phylogenetic analysis ofcox1 haplotypes revealed three distinct populations ofB.globosus, two with an overlapping distribution on Pemba and one on Unguja. ForB.nasutus, only a single clade with matching haplotypes was observed across the islands and included reference sequences from Kenya.Schistosoma haematobiumcercariae (n = 158) were identified from 12 infectedB.globosusand oneB.nasutuscollected between 2016 and 2019 in Pemba, and cercariae originating from 69Bulinusspp. archived in museum collections.Schistosoma boviscercariae (n = 21) were identified from seven additionalB.globosuscollected between 2016 and 2019 in Pemba. By analysing a partial mitochondrialcox1 region and the nuclear ITS (1–5.8S-2) rDNA region ofSchistosomacercariae, we identified 18S.haematobiumand threeS.bovishaplotypes representing populations associated with mainland Africa and the Indian Ocean Islands (Zanzibar, Madagascar, Mauritius and Mafia).

Conclusions/Significance

The individualB.nasutuson Pemba infected withS.haematobiumdemonstrates thatB.nasutuscould also play a role in the local transmission ofS.haematobium. We provide preliminary evidence that intraspecific variability ofS.haematobiumon Pemba may increase the transmission potential ofS.haematobiumlocally due to the expanded intermediate host range, and that the presence ofS.boviscomplicates the environmental surveillance of schistosome infections.
Investigation into potential mechanisms of metabolic syndrome by integrative analysis of metabolomics and proteomics
Authors: Chen Meimei , Yang Zhaoyang , Gan Huijian , Wang Yang , Li Chandong , Gao Yuxing
Published: July 2022

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex syndrome cluster of metabolic disorders, which greatly increases the risks of diabetic and cardiovascular diseases. Although it has become a significantly worldwide public health burden, its pathogenesis largely remains unknown. In this study, we first performed an integrated analysis of proteomic and metabonomic data of liver tissues of rats between MetS and control groups to reveal possible mechanisms of MetS. A total of 16 significantly perturbed pathways were identified, of which three pathways were shared by patients with MetS and diabetes identified by analysis of serum samples, including alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. Additionally, it was found that 18 differential metabolites were closely related with 36 differential proteins, which were considered as significantly discriminant metabolites and proteins between two groups and were mainly involved in metabolic processes of gamma-aminobutyric acid and acetyl-CoA, biosynthetic processes of cholesterol and amino acids. The results of PPI network analysis and topological parameter calculation of four methods revealed that 16 proteins can serve as hub proteins of MetS. Followed by searching the PubMed database and molecular docking of Cyp7a1 and Got1, we concluded that atorvastatin and resveratrol may be potential drugs for MetS.
Comparison between propofol and alfaxalone anesthesia for the evaluation of laryngeal function in healthy dogs utilizing computerized software
Authors: Pan Po-ching , Savidge Christine , Amsellem Pierre , Hamilton Stephanie
Published: July 2022

Laryngeal paralysis is a well-documented cause of upper respiratory tract obstruction in canines. Diagnosis of laryngeal paralysis is usually made by visual evaluation of laryngeal motion whilst patients are under a light-plane of anesthesia. However, in human studies of laryngeal function evaluation, it has been shown that subjective scoring can lead to significant interobserver variance, which may cause false diagnosis. In this study, we propose to introduce a more objective method of assessing laryngeal function using GlotAnTools and Tracker software to directly measure laryngeal motion in anaesthetized patients. Additionally, two anesthetic agents, alfaxalone and propofol, were compared in this study to assess their relative effect on laryngeal motion and thus their suitability for use in this diagnostic process. This study was a two-stage, cross-over, 1:1 randomization, with two active treatment arms. Ten beagles (10–18 months, five males and five females) were exposed to both anesthetic agents and laryngeal motion was recorded using videoendoscopy. GlotAnTools and Tracker software were applied to the recorded images to measure glottal gap area (A) and length (L). A normalized measure of laryngeal function–computed as A/L–was created, representing the "elongatedness" of the rima glottidis. The glottal gap area was significantly reduced in dogs receiving alfaxalone. This study objectively establishes that alfaxalone impacted laryngeal motion significantly more than propofol and confirms the capability of these computational methods to detect differences in laryngeal motion.
Resuscitation simulation among people who are likely to witness opioid overdose: Experiences from the SOONER Trial
Authors: Whittall Jonathan P. , Orkin Aaron M. , Handford Curtis , Klaiman Michelle , Leece Pamela , Charles Mercy , Wright Amy , Turner Suzanne , Morrison Laurie J. , Strike Carol , Campbell Douglas M.
Published: July 2022

The opioid crisis is a growing public health emergency and increasing resources are being directed towards overdose education. Simulation has emerged as a novel strategy for training overdose response, yet little is known about training non-clinicians in bystander resuscitation. Understanding the perspectives of individuals who are likely to experience or witness opioid overdose is critical to ensure that emergency response is effective. The Surviving Opioid Overdose with Naloxone Education and Resuscitation (SOONER) study evaluates the effectiveness of a novel naloxone education and distribution tool among people who are non-clinicians and likely to witness opioid overdose. Participants’ resuscitation skills are evaluated using a realistic overdose simulation as the primary outcome of the trial. The purpose of our study is to describe the experience of participants with the simulation process in the SOONER study. We employed a semi-structured debriefing interview and a follow up qualitative interview to understand the experience of participants with simulation. A qualitative content analysis was performed using data from 21 participants who participated in the SOONER study. Our qualitative analysis identified 5 themes and 17 subthemes which described the experience of participants within the simulation process. These themes included realism, valuing practical experience, improving self-efficacy, gaining new perspective and bidirectional learning. Our analysis found that simulation was a positive and empowering experience for participants in the SOONER trial, most of whom are marginalized in society. Our study supports the notion that expanding simulation-based education to non-clinicians may offer an acceptable and effective way of supplementing current opioid overdose education strategies. Increasing the accessibility of simulation-based education may represent a paradigm shift whereby simulation is transformed from a primarily academic practice into a patient-based community resource.
Assessment of anemia and associated risk factors among children under-five years old in the West Guji Zone, southern Ethiopia: Hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Aliyo Alqeer , Jibril Abdurezak
Published: July 2022

Background

Anemia adversely affects children’s mental, physical and social development, particularly in Africa. In the early stages of life, it leads to severe negative consequences on the cognitive, growth and development of children.

Objective

This study aimed to assess anemia and associated risk factors among children under-five years old in the West Guji Zone, southern Ethiopia, from October to November 2020.

Method

A hospital-based quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted at Bule Hora General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. A convenience sampling technique was used to include 375 under-five children enrolled in the study. The pretested structure questionnaire was used to collect socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of study individuals after taking appropriate written informed consent. Then, a venous blood sample was collected from each child and analyzed for hemoglobin determination using a Midray BC 3000 Plus machine. Binary logistic regression models were used to identify associated factors of anemia. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Result

The overall prevalence of anemia among under-five children was 13.2% (50) [95% CI = 5.2–21.2%]. Among anemic children under-five years of age, 12% (6) had mild anemia, 32% (16) had moderate anemia and 56% (28) had severe anemia. In this study, anemia was significantly associated with a history of intestinal protozoan infection [AOR = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.28–10.42], malaria infection [AOR = 5.01, 95% CI = 0.18–11.44] and soil-transmitted helminths infection [AOR = 6.39, 95% CI = 1.75–29.08].

Conclusion

The prevalence of anemia among under-five children was found to be low in the study area; however, the majority of anemic children were in a severe stage. It could be managed by preventing malaria infection, intestinal protozoa and soil-transmitted helminthic infection.
Ultrasound imaging of patellar tendon thickness in elite sprint track cyclists and elite soccer players: An intra-rater and inter-rater reliability study
Authors: Klich Sebastian , Kosendiak Aureliusz , Krymski Igor , Kawczyński Adam , Madeleine Pascal , Fernández-de-las-Peñas Cesar
Published: July 2022

The goal of our study was to investigate the relative and absolute intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of ultrasound assessment of patellar tendon (PT) thickness assessed over four locations, in track cyclists and soccer players. Fifteen male elite track cyclists and 15 male elite soccer players participated. Tendon thickness was measured over 4 locations placed at 5-10-15-20 mm inferior to the apex of the patella by two experienced examiners. Each examiner took two US images for the test measurements with a 10-min rest period. After a 30-min period, the subjects underwent a retest measurements that were also repeated 1-week after. A two-way analysis of variance revealed a significant group x location interaction on PT thickness for Examiner 1 (p = .001, η2 = .81) and Examiner 2 (p = 0.001, η2 = 0.78). Intra-rater reliability ranged from good to excellent (ICC2,k ≥ 0.75), whereas inter-rater reliability was good (ICC2,k ≥ 0.75) in both groups. Ultrasonographic assessment of PT was found to be a reliable method to assess tendon thickness. The middle location of the PT (corresponding to 15 and 20 mm) can be considered the most reliable spot to measure PT thickness. The PT thickness was larger among track cyclists than soccer players, with larger differences over the distal location (15 mm). Ultrasonographic assessment of PT was found to be a reliable method to assess tendon thickness. The middle location of the PT corresponding to 15 mm and 20 mm can be considered the most reliable area to measure PT thickness.
Active PD-L1 incorporation within HIV virions functionally impairs T follicular helper cells
Authors: Munoz Olivia , Banga Riddhima , Schelling Rachel , Procopio Francesco Andrea , Mastrangelo Andrea , Nortier Pauline , Ohmiti Khalid , Daraspe Jean , Cavassini Matthias , Fenwick Craig , Perez Laurent , Perreau Matthieu
Published: July 2022

The limited development of broadly neutralizing antibodies (BnAbs) during HIV infection is classically attributed to an inadequate B-cell help brought by functionally impaired T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. However, the determinants of Tfh-cell functional impairment and the signals contributing to this condition remain elusive. In the present study, we showed that PD-L1 is incorporated within HIV virions through an active mechanism involving p17 HIV matrix protein. We subsequently showed that in vitro produced PD-L1high but not PD-L1low HIV virions, significantly reduced Tfh-cell proliferation and IL-21 production, ultimately leading to a decreased of IgG1 secretion from GC B cells. Interestingly, Tfh-cell functions were fully restored in presence of anti-PD-L1/2 blocking mAbs treatment, demonstrating that the incorporated PD-L1 proteins were functionally active. Taken together, the present study unveils an immunovirological mechanism by which HIV specifically exploits the regulatory potential of PD-L1 to suppress the immune system during the course of HIV infection.
Könyvtári téráthelyeződés, és ami ebből a pandémia után következik
Authors: Dani Erzsébet , Szabó Dóra
Published: July 2022

A tanulmány fókuszában a könyvtári terek átrendeződése áll, különös tekintettel a „harmadik helyre” és a pandémiás időszakra. A szerzők a térátrendeződés elméleti kérdéskörét prezentálva, a digitálisharmadik-tér jellemzőit fogalmazzák meg, és egy konkrét intézmény (Bács-Kiskun Megyei Katona József Könyvtár) forgalmi és statisztikai adatait elemezve próbálnak adekvát választ adni a feltett kérdésekre
Hallgatói kiégés szindróma a poszt-COVID-19 időszakban
Authors: Di Blasio Barbara , Szigeti Mónika Veronika
Published: July 2022

Tanulmányunk célkitűzése, hogy bemutassa a poszt-COVID időszakában az egyetemi hallgatók bizonyos körében a depresszió és kiégés prevalenciáját. A nemzetközi szakirodalomban gyakori téma az egyetemi hallgatók pszichés állapotának és a veszélyeztető tényezők felmérése az életminőségük megtartása vagy javítása érdekében. Keresztmetszeti vizsgálatunk a nappali tagozatos gyógypedagógia szakos hallgatók körében zajlott. Mivel ez a hallgatói csoport segítő hivatásra készül, ezért különösen fontos, hogy milyen megküzdési erőforrásokkal rendelkeznek az előttük tornyosuló nehézségek és szakmai kihívások leküzdésére. Vizsgálatunk célja, a hallgatói kiégés és a depresszió szintjének megismerése, az intézményi rizikó-, valamint védőtényezők feltárása.

Módszer: a depressziót a rövidített Beck Depresszió Kérdőívvel (Kopp-Fóris 1993), a kiégést a Maslach Kiégés Teszttel mértük, emellett a Pszichológiai Immunrendszer Felmérést (Oláh 2005), és a Megküzdési Módok Kérdőívet (Lazarus) önkitöltős adatfelvétellel végeztük el. Eredményeink jelzik, hogy határozott pszichoedukációs beavatkozásra van szüksége hallgatóinknak a jóllétük megtartása és a jövőbeli szakmai hatékonyságuk érdekében.
BuborÉK
Authors: Jakab Natália
Published: July 2022

A szociális különbségek szoros összefüggést mutatnak a digitális kompetenciákkal. Az online oktatás során a diákok szociális különbségei hangsúlyosabbakká váltak. Írásomban két problémát mutatok be abban a tekintetben, hogyan próbál alkalmazkodni a jelen kor digitális kihívásainak egy olyan gimnázium, ahol a diákok körülbelül 60%-a hátrányos helyzetű, továbbá, hogy miképpen hathat a hátrányos helyeztű diákokra az a megfigyelési szempont, amely feltételezi az interneten jelen lévő úgynevezett filter bubble-t. A jelenségről Pariser 2011-ben tartott népszerű előadást. Sunstein azt mondja, hogy a social médiának köszönhetően az emberek főképp olyan csoportokba csatlakoznak, amelyek saját értékrendjüknek megfelelőek, de ezzel el is zárkózhatnak olyan információktól, amelyek megkérdőjelezhetik ezeket a nézeteket.
Felsőoktatás a COVID-19 árnyékában
Authors: Szabó Katalin , Juhász Tímea , Kenderfi Miklós
Published: July 2022

A világ nagyot fordult az elmúlt másfél évben. Magyarországon a koronavírus hamar elérte a felsőoktatást, a veszélyhelyzet kihirdetését követően a felsőoktatási intézmények a személyes jelenlétet nem igénylő oktatási módszertanra tértek át. A szerzők tanulmányukban az átállással kapcsolatos tapasztalatokat, az online oktatás erősségeit és nehézségeit, a felsőoktatásban oktatók helyzetét és jövőbeni elképzeléseit vizsgálták. A kutatásban összesen 681 fő vett részt, 36 felsőoktatási intézményből. Az otthoni munkavégzéssel egybekötött digitális/táv/távolléti online oktatás nagy kihívás elé állította az érintett szereplőket, az egyetemeket, az oktatókat és a hallgatókat is. A részt vevő oktatók több mint fele nem rendelkezett saját korábbi tapasztalattal az online oktatás területén. Kutatási eredményeik tükrében megállapítható, hogy a legfőbb nehézséget a személyes kommunikáció hiánya, az oktatás megszervezése digitális platformon, a home office megteremtése, a digitális elérés biztosítása és az intézményen belüli kommunikáció okozta.
A munkaerő-megtartás és a well-being kapcsolatának elemzése nemzetközi kutatásokban
Authors: Gelencsér Martin , Végvári Bence , Szabó-Szentgróti Gábor
Published: July 2022

A COVID-19 világjárvány gyökeresen átformálta a hagyományos emberierőforrás-menedzsment gyakorlatait. A változások hatására a vállalati stratégiákban felértékelődött az alkalmazottak fizikai és mentális jóllétének szerepe. A munkavállalói jóllét témakörének vizsgálata akadémiai szinten hosszú múltra tekint vissza, azonban a munkaerő-megtartás összefüggésében eddig kevés tanulmány látott napvilágot. A témakör gyakorlati jelentősége megkérdőjelezhetetlen. A szerzők tanulmányukban szisztematikus irodalmi feldolgozás útján vizsgálták a témakör nemzetközi irodalmát. Kutatásuk során arra kerestek választ, melyek azok a munkavállalói jólléti tényezők, amelyekre vállalati szintű munkaerő-megtartási stratégia építhető. Az eredmények felhívják a figyelmet a témakör további vizsgálatának szükségességére, amit alátámaszt a kutatási kérdéssel szorosan összeegyeztethető találatok alacsony száma, valamint a témakör komplex megközelítésének hiánya.
Autoimmune Hepatitis Associated With Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis
Authors: Gouveia Pedro Alves da Cruz , Leal Maria Teresa de Souza Portela , Rampche Sylene
Published: July 2022

Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis presents liver abnormalities usually associated with hepatitis C. We report a case of a 27-year-old woman with cryoglobulinemia and liver dysfunction secondary to autoimmune hepatitis. The patient developed purpura on the lower extremities and elevated aminotransferases. The investigation of hepatitis C was negative. Autoimmune hepatitis was confirmed by positive ANA, hypergammaglobulinemia, and compatible histological changes. Treatment with prednisone and azathioprine regressed cutaneous vasculitis and decreased aminotransferases. This case describes a rare association of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and autoimmune hepatitis.
Impacto del COVID-19 en México: Un
análisis de las respuestas ante la
Pandemia.
Authors: Tena Such Antonio , Gairan Rossi Pablo
Published: July 2022

Este trabajo de reflexión teórica sobre el impacto del COVID-19 en México, enfatiza la
necesidad que existe de desarrollar sólidos marcos conceptuales que fundamenten
las intervenciones psicológicas. Se presentan datos, utilizando tres indicadores de
salud mental: síntomas de trastorno de ansiedad generalizado, síntomas depresivos y
la co-ocurrencia de ambos. Posteriormente, se hace una revisión de las respuestas de
las universidades mexicanas para atender la dimensión emocional de la pandemia. Se
concluye con una serie de lecciones que la pandemia por COVID-19 deja para la mejor
atención de futuros desastres. El gran desafío es incorporar en forma clara, precisa toda
la evidencia científica disponible para la contribución en los problemas y desastres en
salud en este caso. Por último, se espera utilizar todas estas herramientas de consulta
para la toma de decisiones en materia de salud mental tanto para las organizaciones
psicológicas en México, como para los organismos gubernamentales en salud pública.
The psychological impact of COVID-19 in the general population: A review and reflection in Portuguese Speaking Countries
Authors: Sebastião Rita , Costa Vasco , Dias Neto David
Published: July 2022

A pesar de ser una condición global, la pandemia del COVID-19, tiene impactos diferenciales,
manifestados en diferente número de casos, muertes, información, cuestiones políticas
y culturales. Resumimos la literatura relacionada con la pandemia de COVID-19 en los
países de habla portuguesa. El objetivo de nuestra revisión fue: 1) resumir la investigación
que informó la prevalencia de síntomas de ansiedad, depresión, trastorno postraumático
y otros indicadores de impacto psicológico en la población general de países de habla
portuguesa, en particular Portugal y Brasil; 2) centrarse en las experiencias relacionadas
con COVID-19 que pueden asociarse con problemas psicológicos; 3) reflexionar sobre los
factores de riesgo y protección que pueden estar asociados con la angustia psicológica;
y 4) presentar algunas reflexiones sobre procesos psicológicos que pueden explicar la
asociación entre pandemia y salud mental.
Politische Bildung in Bibliotheken: Herausforderungen und Potenziale
Authors: Rethmann Anne
Published: July 2022

Der Artikel knüpft an Arbeiten in den Bibliothekswissenschaften an, die sich mit dem Verhältnis von Demokratie und Bibliotheken sowie einer politischen Theorie der Bibliotheken beschäftigen. Im Gegensatz zu dem Gros der Arbeiten, die sich auf die Öffentlichkeitsfunktion von Bibliotheken fokussieren, soll hier verstärkt das Individuum ins Zentrum gerückt werden. In einem zweiten Schritt diskutiert die Autorin die Frage nach dem Bedeutungsgehalt einer gegenwärtigen politischen Bildung, um schließlich eine strategische Einbindung von Bibliotheken in diesem Bereich vorzuschlagen.
Forschungsinformationssysteme und Ethik: eine doppelte Herausforderung
Authors: Azeroual Otmane , Schöpfel Joachim
Published: July 2022

Forschungsinformationssysteme evaluieren Forschungsleistungen und sollen zur kontinuierlichen Verbesserung der Forschung beitragen. Basierend auf einer Online-Umfrage und auf Interviews mit Experten der Organisation euroCRIS, gibt dieser Beitrag einen Überblick über die ethischen Aspekte im Bereich des Forschungsinformationsmanagements und zeigt, wie Forschungsinformationssysteme einerseits ethische Dimensionen der wissenschaftlichen Forschung darstellen und wie deren Entwicklung, Umsetzung und Funktionsweise andererseits den üblichen ethischen Standards entsprechen sollten.
Unterschiede im Informationssuchverhalten zwischen Digital Natives und deren Eltern
Authors: Amrhein Joane , Gottfried Karin
Published: July 2022

Das Ziel dieser Studie war, Unterschiede im Informationssuchverhalten zwischen Digital Natives und deren Elterngeneration festzustellen. Im Fokus standen Formulierung, Länge und die zur Formulierung der Suchanfragen benötigte Zeit. Hierzu wurden zwölf Probanden jeweils drei Aufgaben zu den Suchanfragetypen nach Broder gestellt. Die Probanden der Elterngeneration standen jeweils in einer Eltern-Kind-Beziehung mit den Probanden der Digital Natives Generation. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass die Suchanfragen der Digital Natives im Schnitt kürzer waren und häufiger angepasst wurden. Die Elterngeneration formulierte etwas längere Suchanfragen und passte diese weniger oft an. Die Digital Natives waren sowohl beim Überlegen und beim Tippen einer Suchanfrage als auch beim Finden eines Suchergebnisses schneller als ihre Eltern. Über Syntax und Wortgebrauch gab es innerfamiliär keine nennenswerten Erkenntnisse. Generationsübergreifend war festzustellen, dass die Suchanfragen am häufigsten mit Schlagwörtern formuliert wurden und sich Muster in den Suchstilen der unterschiedlichen Suchanfragetypen erkennen lassen.
Topic-Modeling-Ansätze für Social Media Kommunikation in der Coronapandemie
Authors: Mitera Hannah
Published: July 2022

Während der Coronapandemie sind in Social Media große Datenmengen entstanden, für deren Bearbeitung automatische Methoden wie etwa das Topic Modeling erforderlich werden. In diversen Studien wurden damit bereits grundlegende Erkenntnisse über die besprochenen Themen in verschiedenen geografischen Regionen und zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten erlangt. Auch weitere Parameter wie die Autorenschaft wurden für eine zusätzliche Differenzierung berücksichtigt oder einzelne Teilgebiete des Coronadiskurses gesondert betrachtet. Ein weiteres interessantes Teilgebiet ist die Wissenschaftskommunikation, deren Stellenwert zur erfolgreichen Pandemiebewältigung oft Erwähnung findet. Auch hier kann Topic Modeling zukünftig als Ansatz dienen, um Wissenschaftskommunikation in der Coronapandemie und deren Auswirkungen näher zu untersuchen.
Insubordination in Archaic and Classical Latin: commands, requests, wishes and assertives
Authors: la Roi Ezra
Published: July 2022

This paper analyzes subordinate clauses which have gained both syntactic and discursive independence through insubordination, the diachronic conventionalization of main clause usage. First, I introduce the notion of insubordination and discuss its application to a corpus language such as Latin from both a synchronic and a diachronic perspective. Second, cases of insubordination from Archaic and Classical Latin are critically evaluated on the basis of evidence from different grammars and corpus research, yielding insubordinate directives (commands and requests withut(ei)+ subjunctive), insubordinate wishes (withut, utinam and si + subjunctive) and assertives (withquasi + subjunctive). Special attention is paid to the pragmatic and syntactic characteristics of these insubordinate constructions such as (i) syntactic versus pragmatic independence from the linguistic common ground, (ii) main clause syntactic complexity, and (iii) the role of discourse particles of adversativity (at, sed) and positive polarity (quidem).
Effect of deformation conditions on compression phase transformation of AZ31
Authors: Yang Qianhua , Yang Bowen , Chu Zhibing , Xue Chun , Li Yugui , Tuo Leifeng , Gao Hong
Published: July 2022

In this article, the compression simulation of AZ31 magnesium alloy is simulated by the molecular dynamics method. The effects of loading mode, temperature, and strain rate on the compression behavior are analyzed. The lattice distortion, mechanical behavior, structural evolution, and dislocation evolution in the compression process are deeply analyzed, and the results of different loading modes are obtained. The hexagonal close-packed (HCP) → face-centered cubic (FCC) phase transformation mechanism of AZ31 magnesium alloy during compression at temperature and strain rate, which is related to the mechanical behavior, has been studied completely. This article perfects the research on the compression behavior of magnesium alloys, excavates the application potential of magnesium alloys, and provides a new idea for improving the processing technology and developing high-performance magnesium alloys.
Who Should Have Children? (Us?) When Should We Have Children? (Now?)
Authors: Beran Ondřej
Published: July 2022

This paper has two main parts. First, it overviews the topic of environmental grief and related emotions. Specifically, it stresses the need to think of emotions in at least partly cognitive terms (as forms of understanding) and to consider an existential rather than medical account of environmental emotions (despite using terms such as anxiety). The second part is a reflection on the currently endemic worries about having children. I will argue that it is misplaced to analyse this attitude universally as an argument-based decision. Rather, if it relates to environment grief, the emotion may be providing a reason for this attitude, or be expressed as the attitude. The misleading ‘argument’ framing and the near-condescending responses to it may be related to a specifically generational failure of understanding.
Non-exhaustive connectives
Authors: Barotto Alessandra , Mauri Caterina
Published: July 2022

This paper provides the first cross-linguistic study on non-exhaustive connectives. After defining non-exhaustivity and briefly exploring the range of linguistic strategies encoding it across languages, the methodology underlying the study will be discussed. Based on the analysis of 35 languages, for which at least one non-exhaustive connective was found, it will be argued that non-exhaustive connectives exhibit quite homogenous distributional properties and derive from a restricted set of recurrent diachronic sources. Speakers are indeed likely to mobilizei) elements already encoding or implying non-exhaustivity,ii) elements expressing an epistemic condition of uncertainty, oriii) elements expressing exemplification.
Complementizer deletion in embedded gapping in Spanish
Authors: Bonke Max , Repp Sophie
Published: July 2022

Gapping in embedded environments may occur in two configurations: (i) the whole coordination containing both conjuncts is embedded (= embedded gapping, EG), (ii) the second (i.e. elliptical) clause is embedded within its own conjunct (= single conjunct embedded gapping, SCEG). Languages seem to differ in their restrictions on these two structures: EG in some languages does not allow for a complementizer in the elliptical conjunct, while it does in other languages. SCEG is outright unacceptable in some languages but acceptable in other languages. Overall, languages seem to fall into two groups such that one group allows a complementizer in the elliptical conjunct of EG and generally allows SCEG, whereas the other group allows neither. We present four experiments in Spanish on the acceptability of the complementizerque‘that’ in the elliptical conjunct in EG. Our results suggest thatquein Spanish EG is overall subject to similar restrictions as SCEG gapping: There are different degrees of degradation depending on the (type of) embedding verb without outright unacceptability. While the relevant property has been argued to be factivity for SCEG, we argue that it is not the factivity of the embedding verb as such that drives acceptability, but assertion embedding. We outline a theoretical proposal building on existing accounts of structural ambiguity in gapping, the truncation of complement CPs under some verbs including factives, and the general flexibility of the semantic/pragmatic categories factivity and assertion.
San Francisco Bay Area: A Left Coast Metropolis Grapples with Technocracy and Inequality
Authors: Laryea Krystal , Zhao Yi , Powell Walter W.
Published: July 2022

How do civic organizations in the San Francisco Bay Area straddle the paradox of challenging entrenched inequalities in an ostensibly progressive region that has been transformed by tech-driven wealth? Local nonprofits face the tension of maintaining access to elite resources while building connections to distribute those resources and navigate divides between the haves and have-nots. We draw on original data collected over the course of two decades on a representative sample of Bay Area nonprofit organizations. With rich information from both quantitative and qualitative data, we examine different aspects of nonprofits’ relationship to their constituents and environments, including their community embeddedness, cross-sector collaborations, and engagement in advocacy. We then turn to the internal operations of these organizations and survey the professional backgrounds of nonprofit leaders and the usage of practices that purportedly make nonprofits more professional, accountable, and digitally savvy. Our findings reveal a sector that is developing its own model of what community-directed management looks like, neither tethered strictly to a Left Coast ethos nor displaying uniform responses to strong institutional pressures. Although the Bay Area sector pursues heterogeneous approaches to repairing social ruptures, there is a consistent theme of rebuilding and re-creating community. We argue that the region’s diversity in values, practices, and orientations stems from fighting deep fractures that resist simple solutions in a place marked by paradox.
Edukacja międzykulturowa i jej godnościowy wymiar w świetle regulacji prawnych
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Garbuzik Paweł
Published: July 2022

The article is a reflection on the dignity dimension of intercultural education, as the idea of education based on the inalienable rights of every human being, shaping the attitudes of openness, respect and tolerance, and intrinsically linked with dialogue is the basis of all culture and the way to the peaceful coexistence of cultures. The article also deals with the sources of international, European and Polish law that guarantee equal access to education, regardless of national or ethnic origin, skin color or other characteristics, and prohibit all forms of discrimination.