bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Riskiness of development of subsoil resources
Authors:   Ural State Mining University, Sokolov Aleksandr Sergeevich
Published: January 2024

Relevance. Te concept of risk covers all spheres of human life. With modern requirements for the organization of subsoil use, the issue of risks in the development of deposits and risk management in order to prevent them or reduce their consequences is becoming increasingly relevant. Te purpose of the research is to clarify the system of risks accompanying the process of subsoil use, and their characteristics. Research methodology. In the course of the study, methods of system analysis, comparisons of analogies were used, which together ensure the reliability and correctness of the conclusions. Results. In the course of the study, the manifestation of risks in the development of mineral deposits was clarifed. Te content of geological risk is disclosed from the standpoint of the reliability of various categories of reserves and forecast resources. Te reliability of geological risks is associated with the degree of exploration of the deposit. Te regularities of overestimation of reserves due to the growth of reliability coefcients (transfer) are revealed. Te negative practice of transferring rights to subsoil users in relation to the ratio of the number of reserves of various categories is noted. Mining risk is characterized as uncontrollable, difcult to predict, not amenable to any patterns, which usually leads to accidents and catastrophic situations. A manifestation of environmental risk is the deterioration of the quality of the environment, the depletion of natural resources during the development of subsoil resources. A signifcant environmental risk is associated with the placement of technogenic mineral formations on the surface and the storage of washery refuse in tailings. Recipients are endangered by atmospheric and hydrogenous fows formed near the wastes and emergency breaks of tailings dams. Risk management at the pre-project stage is considered from the position of introducing adjustments for risks when justifying the discount rate. At the stage of feld operation, risk management is a specialized activity. Te main methods of management and sources of fnancing of activities, the basis of which is the chosen method of risk management, are considered. Conclusions. Te process of subsoil use is accompanied by a system of risks, which include geological, mining and environmental risks. At the pre-project stage, risk accounting is carried out through risk premiums. During the operation of the feld – through risk management. Te chosen management method makes it possible to develop appropriate activities focused on the goal.
Management of innovative technological development of a coal mining enterprise based on the formation of the balance of interests and responsibilities of its entities
Authors:   LLC “Research Institute of effciency and safety of mining production” (NIIOGR), Galkina Natal’ya Vladimirovna
Published: January 2024

Relevance. One of the conditions for ensuring the required viability and competitiveness of a coal mining enterprise is the organization of management of its technological development. Te analysis of the theoretical foundations of managing the technological development of a mining enterprise is carried out – notions, concepts and principles of development management, methods and methodologies of development management based on the formation of the balance of interests and responsibilities of enterprise entities that carry out innovative processes. Development management is a subjective process aimed at adapting an enterprise to the achievements of the global innovation and technological process. Te technological development of coal mining enterprises in Russia over the past decade has been taking place in the context of sanction restrictions imposed on the world’s leading developers, manufacturers and suppliers of innovative technologies. Work under sanctions predetermines the need to improve scientifc approaches to managing the technological development of a coal mining enterprise based on the use of internal reserves of the enterprise by forming the balance of interests and responsibilities of its entities. Te purpose of the study is to develop methodological approaches to managing the technological development of a coal mining enterprise based on the formation of the balance of interests and responsibilities of its entities. Research methods. Te methods of structural-functional analysis, statistical analysis, socio-economic forecasting, production experiment, modeling of potential resource opportunities are used. Results. Te main elements of the innovative technological development of a coal mining enterprise are identifed. Te expediency of considering the balance of interests and responsibilities of the entities of the enterprise as a driving factor in its innovative development under sanction restrictions and adaptation to the achievements of the global innovation and technological process is substantiated. Te principles are proposed and a set of methods for managing the technological development of a coal mining enterprise is developed. A model for the balance of interests and responsibilities of the entities of a coal-mining enterprise has been developed, which makes it possible to determine rational parameters that ensure the coordinated interaction of the entities of the enterprise in the process of innovative technological development. Conclusions. Te balance of interests and responsibilities of the entities of a coal mining enterprise is a key factor that ensures the efciency and dynamics of innovative technological development.
The increasing of engineering education competence for example of the Ural State Mining University
Authors:   Ural State Mining University, Lipaev Aleksandr Anatol’evich
Published: January 2024

The one of the most acute problems of the ensuring life of our country is a signifcant amount of generated and accumulated production and consumption waste. The policy here should be aimed at reducing the amount of waste generated and developing methods for their maximum use (utilization), since most waste is a source of valuable secondary material resources. Of particular importance in the feld of waste processing and the prospect of sustainable development of Russia is the improvement of engineering education, the increase in the competence of future specialists (“production commanders”). The article considers the problem of training personnel for the management of production and consumption waste on the example of the Ural State Mining University. It is proposed to introduce into the curricula of engineering specialties of the university a new discipline “Management of production and consumption waste”, additional education modules within the existing curricula of disciplines. To further develop the level of waste processing in terms of the concept of the circular economy, it is recommended to create a special research laboratory “Secondary material resources”.
Anisim Efremovich Malakhov (1899–1989) and former malakhovite (now khesinite)
Authors:   The Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of the Ural Branch of RAS, EROKHIN Yuriy Viktorovich
Published: January 2024

Anisim Efremovich Malakhov, a prominent specialist in the fi eld of geology of ore, non-ore and rare metal deposits of the Urals. For about 30 years he headed the Department of Geology of Ore Deposits and Coal and Non-Metal Deposits of the Faculty of Exploration Geology at the Sverdlovsk Mining Institute. In honor of Anisim Efremovich, a new mineral was named – malakhovite, calcium, magnesium and iron silicate, which was discovered by B. V. Chesnokov in the burnt dumps of the Chelyabinsk coal basin. The International Mineralogical Association did not approve it as a new mineral species, and recently a natural analogue of malachovite, hesinite, was found in Israel.
Rare mineralization from quartz-plagioclase veins of the Mariinsky deposit (Ural emerald mines)
Authors:   Ural State Mining University, Popov Mikhail Petrovich
Published: January 2024

Relevance – the study and description of rare and new minerals for the Ural emerald mines. To do this, within the framework of the work, we made a study of the compositions and relationships of previously known, but poorly studied sulfdes, with minerals newly discovered for the Mariinsky deposit. Te purpose of the work is to study the features of the structure and material composition and the conditions for fnding rare sulfdes and native elements for this type of deposits. Research methodology. Te main diagnostics and study of the compositions of minerals from the discovered association was carried out using a Zeiss AxioScope.A1 optical microscope and a Tescan Vega 3 sbu scanning electron microscope with Oxford Instruments X-act EMF (South University Federal Scientifc Center MiG, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, analyst M. A. Rassomakhin). Te detection limits for the contents of chemical elements do not exceed 0.2 wt. %. Some of the minerals were studied using a VEGA 4 LMS scanning electron microscope with an Xplore 30 energy-dispersive attachment (FSFEI HE UGGU RTL VSPiR, analyst L. A. Demina). Results. Data are given on the structural features and chemical composition of rare minerals for the Mariinsky deposit: galena, zinc greenockite, bismuthine, matildite. Conclusions. A mineralogical study was carried out and the chemical composition of sulfde mineralization rare for the Ural emerald mines was studied. Previously, zinc greenockite and matildite were not described, so this is the frst fnd of these minerals at the Mariinsky deposit.
The features of the placement of gold deposits in Algeria
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), GOUGALI Fouaze , Kotel’nikov Aleksandr Evgen’evich ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)
Published: January 2024

Relevance and purpose of the work. In the world market of precious metals, the value of gold is constantly growing, which determines the increase in production volumes and the need to increase resources through the search and exploration of new deposits. Te famous gold deposits in the Algerian People’s Democratic Republic are concentrated in its southern part, known as the In-Uzzali gold mining district. Te search for new deposits can be carried out afer understanding the geological features of the structure of the territory and establishing patterns of the occurrence of gold mineralization to certain geological elements. Research methods. Te research is based on the analysis of the published works of the predecessors. Te paper provides an analysis of the geological structure of the Akhaggar shield region, within which the In-Uzzali gold ore district is located. Results of the work. Te structural and tectonic structure of the district is considered. Te main features of gold-ore objects of the southern part of the Algerian Sahara (Hoggar Shield) were revealed, which allow to attribute the known deposits to three trips by association with groups of rocks: mylonites and ultramylonites (Tirek, Amesmessa); granites and syntectonic granites (Tekoyat); meta-sedimentary rocks (Tiririn, Abeggi). Tey were found to be confned to greenstone belts of Proterozoic age and belonging to the gold-quartz-sulfde formation. Recommendations for further study are given. Conclusions. Gold mineralization was detected in the objects of the In-Uzzali region in the area of the Hoggar shield. Based on the geological structure of the area, its study and conditions of localization of gold mineralization, the investigated area can be considered promising enough for the discovery of gold ore objects and replenishment of the mineral resource base of Algeria.
Spatial and genetic relationship of endogenous and exogenous gold content in the area of the Pervomaisko-Zverevsky ore cluster (Middle Urals)
Authors:   Ural State Mining University, Barannikov Aleksandr Grigor’evich
Published: January 2024

Te relevance of the work is due to the need to improve the efciency of appraisal work on new and unconventional types of gold mineralization within the known ore-placer regions and clusters. Te purpose of the work is to show the results of the study of the spatial and genetic relationship between endogenous and exogenous gold content using the example of the Pervomaisk-Zverevsky ore-placer cluster (OPC). Research methodology. Mineralogical and geochemical sampling of ore bodies outcrops, chemical weathering crusts; schlicho-mineralogical studies; study of native gold on a digital basis, taking into account the shape, size and composition of particles; mapping of parameters of gold particles in the section of the crust, the upper horizon of the Mesozoic eluvium. Results. Te factors that determine the localization of gold content within the OPC are substantiated. Among the endogenous factors: structural-tectonic, magmatic, metallogenic specialization of individual blocks. In the volume of the Verkhotursky granodiorite massif (an object of prospecting), a linear substockwork with a low level of mineralization of the gold-polysulfde-quartz type was revealed. When considering exogenous factors, the confnement of ore-bearing chemical weathering crusts to smoothed relief areas, comparable with Mesozoic denudation leveling surfaces and containing dispersed gold mineralization in the basement, was established. Te profle of the weathering crust in the Verkhotursk area is complex, without a distinct vertical hypergene zonality. Tese crusts are considered as “superimposed”, fnally formed under the infuence of later low-temperature argillization processes. Te most signifcant concentrations of gold are established in the upper horizon of the crust - the zone of the Mesozoic eluvium. Based on the mineralogical and geochemical study of metal particles, a model of its accumulation, sufusion-gravity, is proposed. Under certain conditions, a gold-enriched crustal horizon can have an independent applied value. In past years, gold-bearing areal accumulations (poddernikovye placers) were successfully mined. When mapping free gold, a wide range of sample fuctuations (from low- to high-grade) was established, indicating in favor of the multi-stage processes of ore formation in the OPC area. Conclusions. Many years of experience in the geological-geomorphological, mineralogical-geochemical study of the OPC of the Ural region has been tested by the practice of forecasting and prospecting. Te approaches outlined, taking into account the close spatial relationship between endogenous and exogenous gold content, are recommended for implementation and further improvement.
On the issue of improving forecasting and prospecting complexes for identifying new sources of acutely scarce mineral raw materials (using the example of placer boulder chromium ores)
Authors:   Ural State Mining University, Abakumov Igor’ Viktorovich
Published: January 2024

Te purpose of the work is to improve forecasting and search complexes to identify new sources of extremely scarce mineral raw materials for the Russian industry. Research methodology. Analysis of the available information on the features of the geological structure and conditions for the placement of shallow slope placers of boulder chromium ores, reconstruction of the buried relief of the bedrock, study of the structural features of the bedrock and modern (daytime) surface of the placers using analytical methods (trend analysis, etc.), study of the spatial variability of the estimated parameters of placer objects, identifcation of factors controlling the distribution of placer productivity. Results. Te reconstruction of the bedrock surface of the most fully studied type placer of cobblestone chrome ores of the Saranovskaya group (placer no. 2) was performed, the spatial variability of the estimated parameters of the placer was studied in the plan, and the factors controlling the distribution of the productivity of loose deposits were determined. Te longitudinal profle of the bedrock surface of the placer is an alternation of slightly inclined and subhorizontal areas, the formation of which is probably due to the repeated manifestation of erosion cycles in the history of the development of the region. Te distribution of productive deposits thickness in the direction of placer elongation is periodic. Te increased thickness of the productive layer runs to areas where slightly inclined sections of the bedrock are replaced by more gentle (sub-horizontal) ones, to the bases of “terraced” steps in the relief. Overall, there is a general trend towards an increase in the thickness of the productive layer down the slope. Te distribution of placer productivity indicators is uneven; in the direction of the elongation of the placer, zones of increase, maximum and decrease in productivity are distinguished, which are typical features of the “elementary placer” according to N. A. Shilo. Tere is a clear confnement of the most productive areas to the subhorizontal morphostructural elements of the buried bedrock in the middle part of the placer. Te microforms of the buried relief, which are associated with the most productive areas of the slope deposits, manifest themselves as negative “remains” of the linear trend of the bedrock surface marks. Te morphostructural elements of the buried bedrock of the shallow placer are inherited in the modern relief. Conclusions. Te analysis of the presented materials emphasizes the importance of morphostructural studies in predicting and searching for placers of pebble chromium ores of close ablation. During prospecting, the task of ultra-precise surveying of the day surface relief with additional mathematical transformations of the obtained data seems to be an urgent task.
On the question of the feasibility of the integrated development of mineral resources of the Ural region
Authors:   Institute of Mining of the Ural Branch of RAS, Kantemirov Valeriy Danilovich , Titov Roman Sergeevich ,   Institute of Mining of the Ural Branch of RAS, Yakovlev Andrey Mikhailovich ,   Institute of Mining of the Ural Branch of RAS
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Te article deals with issues related to the integrated development of the mineral resources of the Ural region. Te integrated development of mineral deposits is a priority area for improving mining, including the maximum possible extraction of the main valuable component of the mineral, as well as the search for technical and technological solutions for the extraction of associated valuable components and marketable products suitable for the production of host rocks. Te purpose of the work is to assess the feasibility of the integrated development of mineral raw materials and the processing of mining and processing waste to obtain commercial quality products. Methodology. Associated components in processed mineral raw materials can be of industrial importance only if the degree of their concentration in the products of enrichment, metallurgical or chemical processing, as well as the technology for the subsequent processing of these products, ensure the cost-efective extraction of these components. Results. Technological schemes of possible hydrometallurgical production based on tailings of wet magnetic separation of titanomagnetite ore of scandium oxide concentrate have been developed. Te results of the study of the chemical composition of the mineral material from the dumps of the gold mining production in the city of Plast for their processing and extraction of valuable components are presented. Te results of the evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of a number of overburden rocks of AO Uralasbest (peridotite, diorite, gabbro and serpentinite) for compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents for the production of crushed stone are presented. Conclusions. Te implementation of the proposed measures will create conditions for a more rational use of subsoil and land, ensure an increase in gross output and expand the range of commodity at existing mining enterprises without a signifcant expansion of production areas, will reduce the area of land allotment and the cost of storing rocks, increase the load on the mining and processing equipment.
Identification the tectonic setting of granite using geochemistry and trace elements: implication for the granites in the Syrostan massive (Southern Ural)
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), IBRAHIM Mohammed Abdalla Elsharif
Published: January 2024

Relevance and the purpose of the work. Te use of trace element to diferentiate granite types and tectonic setting is a well-established method in geology and mineral exploration. Te aim of the paper is to determine the tectonic environment of the granite in the Syrostan massive using trace elements and geochemistry which lead to signifcant outcome and revealed of related deposits. Methods of research. X-ray spectral fuorescence analysis was used to determine the concentrations of petrogenic oxides and trace elements in the samples, while trace element and rare earth element (REE) contents were measured using (ICP-MS). Results of the work. Sericite and muscovite are discovered afer plagioclase. Plagioclase exhibits sericitization and epidotization as a result of hydrothermal activity. Accessory minerals (zircon and apatite), include opaque minerals are distinguished. Te trace element geochemistry of intrusion is refected in the YbN vs. (La/Yb)N ratio, which is typical of magmas found in island arcs. Granite and granodiorite formation is a segment of the island arc formed as a result of the post-subduction or syn-collision tectonic setting. indicating that the intrusion associated with the Dark Kingdom Marble deposit can be considered a part of the Syrostan massive with the same general characteristics. Conclusion. Tese fndings imply that the granite formed in a volcanic arc tectonic environment. Finally, these results present the characteristics and tectonic environment of granitic rocks, which can provide valuable insight into related mineralization and rare element concentration.
Technological studies of gold ore using centrifugal concentration methods
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Fedotov Pavel Konstantinovich
Published: January 2024

Relevance. Te use of gravitational enrichment methods, in particular centrifugal concentration, is based upon the presence in gold-bearing ore, along with fnely disseminated free coarse gold, which is not fully recovered in the process of cyanidation and fotation. Te purpose of the work is to conduct technological research on the centrifugal concentration of gold-bearing raw materials in order to assess its applicability in the production process. Te main objectives of the study were: studying the material composition of the sample, conducting tests to determine the gravity recoverable gold (GRG test), as well as tests using a centrifugal concentrator with continuous concentrate discharge (CVD test). Object of study. Te paper presents the results of studies of the enrichability of gold-bearing ore using centrifugal concentration methods. For research, a sample weighing 160 kg, with a size of –100 mm was taken. According to the phase analysis data, when the ore was ground to a fneness of 94,8% of the –0,071 mm class, the amount of free gold was 66%. Te rest of the gold in the amount of 33.9% is found in intergrowths and flms, including closed intergrowths with sulfdes (4,06%) and quartz (3,7%). Based on the results of the research, conclusions were made about the properties of the ore of the deposit and the optimal conditions for its processing (grinding size, concentrate yield) were determined by gravity methods. It has been established that the studied ore is efectively enriched by gravity methods. Centrifugal separation at an intermediate size of 64,6% class –0,071 mm with a low concentrate yield works efciently. A concentrate with a gold content of 432,0 ppm was obtained with a yield of 0,07% and a recovery of 32,04%. Te level of gold recovery by gravity with staged ore grinding (GRG test) is quite high – 53,97%. Te optimal yield of gravity concentrate during enrichment at the KC-CVD concentrator was 10,55%. With this yield, gold recovery was 82,28% at a grade of 7,77 ppm.
Prediction of the state of the ice-bearing massif during the penetration of a vertical mine shaft with freezing
Authors:   Moscow Polytechnic University, Kuzina Aleksandra Vladimirovna , Klyuev Roman Vladimirovich ,   Moscow Polytechnic University, Valiev Niyaz Gadym ogly ,   Ural State Mining University
Published: January 2024

Te subject and purpose of the work. Te article is devoted to the problem of sinking shafs traversed by the method of artifcial freezing of shafs at the stage of elimination of ice and rock fencing. Te relevance of the study is explained by the increased requirements for the reliability of the process during the tamponage of the fxed space of the trunks and during the operation of the trunks for an indefnite time. Te novelty of the article consists in the development of the parameters of the technology that eliminates the uneven load on the tubing support during the expansion of the inner ring layer during artifcial thawing by pumping hot brine into freezing columns. Te methodology of the work includes a complex of studies: analysis of literary sources, theoretical and feld studies, modeling of processes and experimental verifcation of the data obtained. Te results of the work. It was revealed that the stresses in the support lead to the separation of concrete from the tubing column and the formation of water-flled cavities. It is established that forced thawing of the array by pumping hot brine into freezing columns causes uneven loads on the tubing support and threatens with an accident. It is determined that the most acceptable option is thawing by feeding warm air into the barrel and circulating a coolant with an optimal temperature. Use of results. Te technology can be in demand in the construction of capital mining facilities in particularly unfavorable conditions. Conclusions. Te most favorable mode of artifcial thawing is created when heated air is fed into the barrel and the coolant into the columns with an increase in the coolant temperature smoothly while maintaining the required level.
High purity quartz concentrates. Application in high-tech industry, modern requirements for quality parameters
Authors:   JSC “Kyshtymskiy GOK”, Kuz’min Leonid Vadimovich
Published: January 2024

Relevance. High-purity quartz concentrates (HPQ) are one of the basic materials for a number of high-tech industries. In modern conditions, when one of the tasks of the country’s development is import substitution and the development of its own hi-tech industry, an urgent issue is to identify potential areas for their use with an understanding of the quality criteria imposed by the global high-tech industry. Te purpose of the work. Te article considers the main areas of application of the HPQ, taking into account the newly emerging areas of their use. Te main criteria and parameters of the quality of HPQ are analyzed using the example of the world’s leading manufacturers, including the Russian Quartz company. Methodology. Based on literature sources and data from HPQ producers, an analysis was made of the qualitative characteristics of HPQC varieties of three leading world manufacturers in the context of application sectors. Results. Te main criteria for the quality of HPQ are determined by the parameters of chemical purity, gas-liquid and foreign inclusions. Te features of the use of various varieties of HPQ in various branches of the hi-tech industry are indicated, depending on the content of individual impurity elements, and a comparison of Russian grades of HPQ with analogues of foreign manufacturers is carried out. Conclusions. High-purity quartz concentrates produced in the Russian Federation meet the quality criteria set by the global hi-tech industry for all quality parameters, including those from the semiconductor industry. At the same time, the constant tightening of requirements on the part of consumers and the newly opened areas of use, increasing the volume of consumption of HPQ, require additional research into the raw material base of HPQ in order to expand it both in quantitative and qualitative terms.
Seismic events in the Sverdlovsk region for the period 1788–2022
Authors:   Bulashevich Institute of Geophysics of the Ural Branch of RAS, OSIPOVA Anastasiya Yur’evna
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Sverdlovsk region is a major industrial center. There are mining enterprises, chemical plants, reservoirs, and high-capacity power plants. These objects are located close to large settlements. Currently, about 400 seismic events are recorded annually in the region. To ensure the seismic safety of objects of increased responsibility and especially important construction objects, it is necessary to carry out studies on detailed seismic zoning of the territory under consideration. The results of this work are the first stage of these studies. Research theory. For the first time, a consolidated unified catalog of seismic events that occurred on the territory of the Sverdlovsk region was compiled. Historical and instrumental catalog data for the period 1788–2022 and data from instrumental records of local seismic events recorded by temporary, mobile stations of the Institute of Geophysics Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IGF UB RAS) served as the basis. served as the basis. Results. Most of the recorded events are technogenic. Mostly these are industrial explosions and rock burst. These seismic events are recorded in the area of the following cities: Asbest, Ekaterinburg, Revda, Nizhny Tagil, Kushva, Kachkanar, Karpinsk, Severouralsk. Tectonic earthquakes have also been repeatedly recorded in the Sverdlovsk region. Most of them are not felt by people. Earthquakes with a magnitude greater than 4.0 have macroseismic manifestations. The strongest earthquake is 08.17.1914 (MS= 5.0, epicenter coordinates 57.09° N, 59.8° E). The intensity of the earthquake at the epicenter was 6.0 on the MSK-64 scale. The results of this work will serve as a basis for further determination of the parameters of the seismic regime of the study area.
Problems complicating the introduction of technogenic deposits into economic circulation
Authors:   Ural State Mining University, IGNATʹEVA Margarita Nikolaevna
Published: January 2024

Relevance. In modern conditions of depletion of the mineral resource base, deterioration of natural conditions of newly discovered deposits, the development of technogenic mineral resources gains primary importance. However, as the analysis shows, the level of use of solid mineral formations continues to remain insignificant. The purpose of the study is to identify the reasons that slow down the process of involving technogenic deposits into economic circulation, in order to prevent their occurrence or mitigate negative impacts. Research methods. In the research process, methods of comparative analysis, analogies, and expert analysis were used. Results. Analysis and generalization of domestic and foreign experience in the management of technogenic mineral formations (TMFs) allowed us to identify the main reasons hindering the expansion of the practice of developing technogenic deposits. Nine reasons were identified: imperfection of the regulatory framework for the management of TMFs, low degree of geological knowledge, high geological risk, lack of waste processing technologies, lack of necessary financial resources, imperfection of the economic mechanism used by the state in regulating waste management activities, the possibility of extending shelf life of TMFs, imperfect availability of information about TMFs, lack of qualified personnel. As a result of an expert survey of 20 specialists, the identified reasons were ranked and the highest priorities were identified. These included: the imperfection of the regulatory framework, the lack of environmentally friendly technologies required and the lack of an effective economic mechanism for state regulation of this activity. Conclusions. Identification of the primary reasons slowing down the process of development of technogenic deposits determines the further direction of work to prevent them or mitigate negative impacts.
International experience in institutional support for geological study and use of subsoil
Authors:   JSC “Polymetal Management”, SALʹMANOV Sergey Minshakirovich
Published: January 2024

Relevance. Mineral resource management is key to the mining industry’s contribution to the sustainable development of countries by ensuring that citizens receive maximum benefits from mineral development and extraction. The transformation of scarce resources into economic growth and social development is best achieved through their sustainable extraction and processing within the framework of effective policies set by the government and proper institutional support. On the other hand, ineffective management of mineral development, inflexible institutions and organizations that are not responsive to the needs of society can lead to a huge number of negative consequences. The need for a more in-depth study of the institutional basis that ensures efficient subsoil use determined the choice of the topic of this article. The purpose of the work is to analyze international experience in institutional support for geological study and use of subsoil. Methods. In the process of research, general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge were used, namely: analysis and synthesis, comparison, systematization, generalization, grouping, abstraction. Results of work and its scope. In the course of the study, the theoretical essence of the concept of “institutional support for subsoil use” was considered. Based on the study of international experience, two types of models for organizing the institutional environment in the field of study and use of natural resources have been identified: active and passive. The article pays detailed attention to the active model, considers its subject composition and highlights its distinctive features. Using the examples of Romania, Sweden and Mexico, the features of the implementation of the active model in practice are analyzed. The results obtained can be used by the country’s government agencies to improve management institutions in the field of subsoil use. Conclusion. The variety of public subsoil management systems used by different countries of the world makes it possible to enrich knowledge in this industry and identify the best practices in the application of methods and mechanisms for managing the institutional support of geological subsoil research with a view to their possible adaptation to use in the Russian Federation.
Analysis of Thunderstorm Activity in Iraq and Turkey
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Al-KHULAIFAWI Imad Abdulridha
Published: January 2024

Relevance of the work. The article deals with the analysis of thunderstorm activity in Iraq and Turkey. A comparison of thunderstorm activity in the areas of location of 5 weather stations located in different areas on the territory of the two states was carried out. Analysis of the accumulated data showed that the frequency of thunderstorms over different regions of the world largely depends on their geographical location (topography), distance from the sea and time of year. The purpose of the work. The aim was to identify the features of the spatial distribution of trends in interannual variability and to determine the best recorded months of thunderstorm activity during the year over the territory of Iraq and Turkey. Methods of work. The study was conducted based on the analysis of daily (archived) meteorological data on thunderstorms over 10 years at five meteorological stations. Results. Based on historical data of daily meteorological observations made over a ten-year period at three meteorological stations in various climate zones in Iraq and at two meteorological stations in various climate zones in Turkey, this study analyzes thunderstorm activity. According to the data, March and April have the highest frequency of thunderstorms, with 55% of them occurring in Iraq’s northern highland region. However, the study found that in Turkey, April and May had the highest frequency of thunderstorms, with 54% of them occurring in Anatolia’s southeast because of its elevation above sea level. Conclusions. In the northern and northeastern regions of Iraq and the southeastern region of Turkey, intense thunderstorm activity was observed. March and April saw the highest annual frequency of thunderstorms.
Pentlandite and its alteration products in serpentinites of the Itkulsky ultrabasic massif (Southern Urals)
Authors:   The Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of the Ural Branch of RAS, BOGOMOLOVA Anna Evgen’evna
Published: January 2024

The relevance of the work is due to the need to study the mineralogy of the only indigenous manifestation of jewelry olivine within the Ural region. The purpose of the work is to study pentlandite and the products of its supergene alteration in serpentinites of the Itkulsky ultrabasic massif in the Southern Urals. Research methodology. The composition of some minerals was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope JSM6390LV from Jeol with an energy dispersive attachment INCA Energy 450 X-Max 80 from Oxford Instruments (analyst L. V. Leonova). The same instrument was used to obtain images of minerals in BSE (back-scattered electron) mode. X-ray structural study of minerals was carried out on an XRD-7000 X-ray diffractometer from Shimadzu with polycapillary optics and a high-temperature attachment NTK-1200N from Anton Paar for operation in the temperature range 25–1500 °C (analyst O. L. Galakhova). Conditions: copper radiation, V = 40 kV, I = 30 mA, step size – 0.02°. Results. Pentlandite is the main sulfide mineral of antigorite serpentinites; it is characterized by a fairly pure chemical composition; the only impurities in the mineral are cobalt (from 0 to 1.18 wt. %). According to the Ni/Fe ratio, the sulfide belongs to nickel and pentlandite proper. Smythite replaces pentlandite grains along the cracks and at the edges. Chemical composition, wt. %: S – 40.81; Fe – 37.65; Co – 1.66; Ni – 19.87, well calculated for the crystal chemical formula of smythite – (Fe5.83Ni2.93Co0.24)9.00S11.00. Cronstedtite replaces the pentlandite matrix in the form of veined segregations. It is distinguished by its chemical composition: SiO2 – 17,82; Fe2 O3 – 40,00; NiO – 11,02; FeO – 18,06; MnO – 0,57; MgO – 2,23; CaO – 1,30; H2 O – 9,00 (by difference in accordance with the standard), which is calculated based on the crystal chemical formula of Ni-Mg-bearing cronstedtite – (Fe2+ 0.95Ni0.71Mg0.21Ca0.09Mn0.03)1.99Fe3+ 1.01[(Si1.12Fe3+ 0.88)2.00O5 ](OH)3.80. Conclusions. Pentlandite from antigorite serpentinites of the Itkulsky ultrabasic massif (Southern Urals) was studied. Under the influence of weathering processes, most of the pentlandite grains were partially replaced by secondary sulfide – smythite and ferruginous serpentine – cronstedtite.
Development of a method for identifying cracks in permafrost rocks based on differentiation of GPR data
Authors:   N. V. Chersky Mining Institute of the North of the Siberian Branch of RAS, SOKOLOV Kirill Olegovich
Published: January 2024

Relevance. The presence of cracks significantly affects the physical and mechanical properties of rocks, which must be taken into account when planning mining operations and building mining structures. In the conditions of the distribution of permafrost rocks, characteristic of the North-East of Russia, the study of fracturing is possible using the ground penetrating radar method, which is used to assess the structure of rock masses of placer deposits. The criteria for identifying cracks based on the characteristics of GPR wave fields are currently known, and the main problem preventing the full use of the GPR method for studying cracks in subsurface layers of rocks is the significant complexity of processing and interpreting GPR measurement data. The purpose of the work is to develop a method for processing the results of ground penetrating radar measurements to identify cracks in frozen rocks. Methods. Physical and computer modeling of GPR measurements of a rock mass with a fracture, differential calculus methods for analyzing the GPR wave field structure model. Results and their scope. As a result of the research, based on an early developed model of the structure of the GPR wave field, the use of the differentiation operation for identifying cracks in permafrost rocks was justified. Special cases of rectilinear inclined and horizontal axes of in-phase of ground penetrating radar signals are considered and corresponding formulas are obtained for them. The theoretical results obtained were tested on computer and physical modeling data, as well as on field measurement data. An analysis of the features of the signals after differentiation was carried out, and the features of the original radargrams were noted, which may interfere with the reliable interpretation of the results obtained. Conclusions. In the practice of processing data from ground penetrating radar measurements, the results of the research will make it possible to more quickly identify zones of increased fracturing in rocks. In the future, it is planned to develop an algorithm and software that implements it for mapping rock fractures using ground penetrating radar data.
Associations per word holidays in the language consciousness of native Chinese speakers in comparison with the spontaneous stories of the Chinese about the holidays
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Bogdanova-Beglarian Natalia , Zhao Zeli ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: January 2024

The article explores two sets of keywords (KW) on the topic “Holidays”. The first one was selected in the course of a special experiment consisting of 20 spontaneous monologues — stories about holidays — pronounced by Chinese in Russian. These monologues were taken from the corpus of Russian monologue speech “Balanced Annotated Text Library”. The experiment involved 40 native Russian speakers, all philologists, who have an idea of what a keyword is. The second set of KWs was obtained during a free association experiment on the word holidays, which was attended by 146 native Chinese speakers living (at the time of participation in the experiment) both in Russia and in China. Comparison of the results of two different experiments showed a great similarity of the obtained sets of KWs, which ensured, among other things, the content integrity of the recorded texts. The proposed method of associative experiment and search for keywords in oral monologue-stories seems to be quite promising in the analysis of corpus material, and the results can be useful both in theoretical and practical terms. In the first case, we can talk about studying the influence of the primary linguistic personality on the secondary linguistic personality, as well as about the features of the formation of this secondary linguistic personality, which is a foreigner studying a second language. In the second case, the obtained data can help to understand whether native Chinese speakers, when speaking and thinking in their non-native Russian language, are using the same or different ways of thinking, same or different lexicon, and also whether the speaker’s gender influences the choice of one or another word. These data can be useful in the practice of teaching the Russian language to a foreign (in particular, Chinese) audience
Speech accuracy and grammatical category of gender in modern Russian
Authors:   Рeoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Kulikova Ella
Published: January 2024

The author argues that recently research attention has been attracted by the various structural feminitives that have become more active in the Russian language in general and in the media space in particular. The purpose of the article is to describe feminitives taking into consideration generic and gender correlations in the aspect of the textual category of accuracy. This purpose has determined the choice of adequate research methods, which used methods of contextual and linguopragmatic analysis. The article presents an expansive view of the problem of feminitives — in the context of the functioning of the grammatical gender category as a whole. Observations are made on the possibility of the gender category in general and temporary formations in particular to contribute to the formation of object, conceptual and emotional and aesthetic (elocutionary) accuracy. The article is based on the 2022 media texts. The correlations relating to gender significant for feminitives has been detected, which include an unmarked element as neutral one, implementing conceptual accuracy. The choice of such a unit is determined by its regularity and conciseness, and the conceptual accuracy implemented by it ensures a natural adequacy in the perception of the text by any addressee. The marked member of the opposition, in particular the feminitive in the direct meaning, forms and implements the object accuracy. Another marked member of the opposition, the feminitive in the direct meaning, represents emotional and expressive (eloquent) accuracy as the category of the highest level. Thus, the privative grammatical opposition relating to gender can be considered as binomial with the following variants of models: unmarked masculine gender — marked feminine gender (feminitive in the direct meaning); unmarked masculine gender — marked feminine gender (feminitive in the figurative meaning). It is also possible to analyse grammatical opposition relating to gender as a three-element one: unmarked masculine gender — marked feminine gender (feminitive in the direct meaning) — marked feminine (feminitive in the figurative meaning), taking into consideration contextual conditionality and the implementation of the accuracy category.
«Nekrasov girl» in the literary context of the era
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University Industrial Technology and Design, Domansky Valery
Published: January 2024

Along with the peasant type of girl (“Troika”), Nekrasov tried to create the image of a provincial young lady from a noble family. His poem “Sasha” and Turgenev’s novel “Rudin” were created in the friendly communication of writers, and both works were published simultaneously in the journal “Sovremennik” in 1856 (No. 1). In the article they are considered in the context of literary disputes about women’s emancipation and works of art of the mid1850s. The literary context of the Nekrasov poem, in addition to Turgenev’s “Rudin”, is the poem by V. A. Fet “Two sticky trees” and the story of I. I. Panaev “Relatives”. The latter reveals the theme of the intellectual development of a young girl under the influence of an educated man. The concept of “hot head” and “cold heart” appears for the first time in it, which Panaev introduced even before Turgenev. But his Natasha is clearly inferior in its development to Turgenev’s Natalia Lasunskaya, although the finals of both works are in many ways similar. The greatest similarity of the storyline of Nekrasov’s poem can be traced with Turgenev’s novel “Rudin”. The main characters of both works have common features: love for nature, the integrity of nature, the desire for knowledge, spiritual development. The Russian poet created a charming image of a girl who, through education, developed her mind and joined the advanced ideas of the time. The author is convinced that such girls will eventually determine the future of Russia. But if the “Turgenev girl” entered Russian literature as a cultural code, the “Nekrasov girl” did not become such a code. The poet devoted his main artistic searches to the image of a Russian woman, “a majestic Slav”