bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Awareness about Consumer Protection Act amongst Patients Visiting a Private Medical College and Hospital at Chennai: A Descriptive Study
Authors: P Shruthi  , Uma Maheshwari
Published: April 2021

Objectives: To assess the knowledge regarding Consumer Protection Act amongst patients visiting a tertiarycare hospital at Chennai.Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive questionnaire based survey was carried out on 550 patientsvisiting a private medical college and hospital at Chennai and the data was collected. The interview consistingof closed ended questions on CPA. Statistical analysis was done using appropriate statistical tools in SPSSsoftware.Observation and Results: Young male respondents were found to have more awareness in comparisonwith females. Education and monthly income were found to have positive association with the level ofawareness.62% of the study participants have heard about CPA. In cases of medical negligence, 78%participants would visit police station rather than a consumer redressal forum.80% of the participants wereunaware of the location of consumer court. Approximately half of the respondents (45%) felt that medicalservices by doctors were liable for punishment under CPA in case of negligence.Conclusion: Knowledge of what may influence patients is of utmost importance in cases of meeting theirexpectations and demands. Although the Consumer protection Act empowers patients to demand qualitycare, still complaints against medical professionals for errors, unfair access and poor satisfaction inservice rendered remains. Hence awareness of patients rights and legislations would pave a path towardsimprovement in the quality of medical service rendered , thereby providing satisfaction to both patients andhealth care provider.
Knowledge and Attitude Towards Antibiotic Prescription among Dental Students
Authors: P.S. Gayathri  , Krithika C  , V. Sandhya  , E.Sangeetha  , T.Santhoshika  , Priya Ramani
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Antibiotics play a crucial role in dental practice for both prophylactic and therapeuticpurposes. Excessive consumption of antibiotics or using them unreasonably not only cause emergence ofresistant bacterial strains and hostile drug reactions but also create an economic liability on the overall healthsystem of a country.Aim: The present study was aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitude towards usage, antibioticprescription and various concerns associated with antibiotics among dental students.Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted using self-administrated questionnaire, through Googleforms using various social media platforms such as whatsapp, facebook among 202 dental students of thirdyear, final year, interns and postgraduates across dental colleges in Tamil Nadu, India during COVID-19pandemic lockdown period. Statistics was done and tabulated.Results: Our study results show that the majority of dental students are aware of antibiotic prescription, usesof antibiotic and antibiotic resistance.Conclusion: Though the knowledge and attitude about antibiotic prescription is high among dental students,there are still few areas where they lack adequate knowledge; these deficits can be rectified by encouragingthem to attend cde programs, conferences related to antibiotic prescription.
Predicting 10-year Cardiovascular Risk Using WHO/ISH Risk Prediction Chart among Rural Population in Haryana, India
Authors: Pooja Jaswal  , Pabalpreet Kaur  , Jyoti Sarin
Published: April 2021

Background: CVD are leading cause of premature Deaths worldwide. Coronary vascular disease (CVD)risk estimation tools are a simple means of early identifying those at high risk in a community. It seems to bea cost-effective strategy for CVD prevention in developing countries. The WHO /ISH risk prediction chartsestimates risk of people having CVD’s for next ten years, who do not develop coronary heart disease orstroke. Methods: A total of 100 subjects between 40 to 70 years of age were included in this cross sectionalstudy. Total 100 families were visited and subjects were selected randomly. CVD risk was calculated byasking information from the subjects regarding Age, gender, smoking status, measuring their blood pressure,history of diabetes. The chart classifies an individual into different risk of having CVD’S that categorizedinto low (<10%), moderate (10% to <20%), high (20% to <30%), and very high (>30%) risk groups. Results:Less than two-third (62%) of population has less than 10% CVD risk, followed by less than one-third (31%)of the population had CVD risk of between 10- to <20% for the next 10 years. Only 6 subjects had 20-<30%of risk followed by 1% CVD risk between 30-<40%.Age, More SBP, Abdominal obesity, smoking, diabetesmellitus and More BMI (p<0.0001) were significantly associated with higher CVD risk. Conclusions:WHO/ISH Chart should be used by peripheral health workers for early identification of people with a highrisk for CVD and provide timely services in reducing the complications and premature deaths related toCVD in India.
To Assess the Effectiveness of Information Booklet on Knowledge of Mothers Regarding Home Management of Common Illness among Children Aged 2 Months to 5 Years in the Group
Authors: Pradnya Sakle  , Himanshu Dhande  , Pushpanjali Dorkhande  , Ruchika Dudhbade  , Vaishnavi Dudure  , Rushikesh Durge
Published: April 2021

Background: Care for children is often the responsibility of mothers. Mothers’ awareness of child caretherefore determines the type and standard of care had given to the children. Many studies had shownthe level of education of mothers had a positive effect on their own experience and how they deal withhealth issues of children. Objectives: 1. To assess the pre-test knowledge of the mothers regarding homemanagement of select common illness of children aged between 2 months and 5 years. 2. To evaluate theinformation of booklet on knowledge regarding home management of selected common illness of childrenaged between 2 months and 5 years. 3. To associate the post test knowledge score of mothers regardinghome management of the common childhood illness among children aged between 2 months and 5 yearswith selected demographic variables. Methodology: One group pre-test and post-test design was used.Participants were consisted of 50 mothers of children aged between 2 months and 5 years. Result: Overallmean knowledge score in pre-test and post-test which reveals the post-test knowledge score was higher i.e.18.16 with the SD of ± 1.68 when the compared to pre-test knowledge score which was 9.24 with the SDof ± 2.90. The statistical paired ‘t’ test implies the difference in the pre-test and post-test knowledge scorefound to be 21.06 statistically significant at the level 0.05%.Conclusion: It was statistically interpreted as had been accurate information booklet for the knowledge ofmothers of home management for the chronic illness of children age between 2 months and 5 years.
Nursing Management for Covid 19 Pandemics
Authors: Prerana Sakharwade  , Khushbu Meshram  , Sonali Kolhekar
Published: April 2021

Nurses represent the backbone of any health care system. Today in the fight against Covid-19, several nursesfind themselves on the frontline. This report is a clear reminder of their important position and a wake-upcall to ensure that they receive the help they need to keep the planet safe. 1 Nurses play a very importantfunction, locally as well as internationally. They are on the front lines, day in and day out, taking care ofthese patients. “They are able to see what is working, as well as things that can be done differently to providemore effective and efficient care, and offer suggestions for improvement.” 2020 is recognized by the WorldHealth Organization as the Year of the Nurse and Midwife – On the function of nurses in the preparationand reaction to disasters. (World Health Organization) Globally, the way the world views nurses and healthcare professionals already changes. Because not everyone knows what is happening in a health care facility,the COVID-19 pandemic is high The COVID-19 pandemic has brought nurses to the forefront of people’sminds and there is a daily capture of the media attention and public gratitude to health care professionals.2This short communication concludes with the key role of nurses for effective management during covid-19pandemics.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Several Malnutrition Screening Tools for Chronic Kidney Disease Patient: A Narrative Review
Authors: Qonita Rachmah  , Dominikus Raditya Atmaka
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Malnutrition remains a critical risk factor for morbidity and mortality among CKD patients.However, malnutrition is preventable and treatable. Thus, early malnutrition screening of CKD patients iscrucial. The present paper is a narrative review of the several studies related the use, sensitivity and specificity ofdeveloped malnutrition screening tools for CKD patients.Material and Method: Articles were searched from five electronic databases i.e., PubMed, PMC, Semanticscholar, Science-direct, and Google scholar. Several keywords used for literature searching including“malnutrition screening tools CKD”; “malnutrition CKD”; “malnutrition screening CKD”. Inclusion criteriaof this narrative review was the subject of intervention should be an aged 1 – 64 years old with experimentalrandomized control trial (RCT) or non-RCT study design. The exclusion criteria for this literature studywere research published before 1990, literature studies, meta-analysis, comments, short communication, andeditorial letters. Data then narratively described.Result and Conclusion: Twelve publication were narratively described in final analysis. Development ofmalnutrition screening tools for CKD patient had been done since 1992 and still counting until 2020. At leastthirteen screening tools had been tested for its use, sensitivity and specificity. Among 13 tools we analyzed,Simple Nutrition Screening Tool (SNST) and The Renal Nutrition Screening Tool (R-NST) revealed thehighest sensitivity and specificity value which suitable to be used in adult population, while in children,only Pediatric Digital Scaled MAlnutrition Risk Screening Tool (PeDiSMART) showed a good sensitivityand specificity. Further study should be focusing to look for sensitivity and specificity in other specificpopulation to ensure the right use of malnutrition screening tool.
Toxicological Assessment of Ethanolic Leaves Extract of Kalanchoe pinnata in Rats
Authors: V. Saravanan  , S.S. Murugan  , K.R. Navaneetha Krishnan  , N. Mohana  , K. Sakthivel  , T. N. Sathya
Published: April 2021

Kalanchoe pinnata is a perennial plant that is widely used in the folklore treatment of kidney and gallstones and urinary insufficiency. The present study aims to evaluate the potential toxicity of the leaf extractof this plant upon acute and sub-acute (28 day) exposure in Wistar rats when administered orally. In acuteoral toxicity(n=3) female Wistar rats were treated with a single dose of 2000mg/kg b.wt and observed for14 days and sub-acute toxicity(n=6) male and female Wistar rats were treated with the dose of 500 and1000mg/kg b.wt of leaf extract for 28 days consecutively. No mortality, morbidity or adverse clinical signsof toxicity were observed during the experimental period. No significant changes in the body weight wasobserved. Gross necropsy did not indicate any treatment-related pathological changes in any of the animalsin the acute and sub-acute toxicity studies. Histopathology of the liver, heart and kidney did not show anyremarkable lesions that could be related to the administration of the leaf extract. Ethanolic leaf extract ofKalanchoe pinnata is relatively safe with an LD50 value greater than 2000 mg/kg. From the sub-acute study,the no-observed adverse effects level (NOAEL) of the extract can be derived as 1000 mg/kg b.wt in maleand female Wistar rats.
Intelligence test items varying in capacity demands cannot be used to test the causality of working memory capacity for fluid intelligence
Authors: Frischkorn Gidon T. , Oberauer Klaus
Published: April 2021

There is a strong relationship between fluid intelligence and working memory capacity (WMC). Yet, the cognitive mechanisms underlying this relationship remain elusive. The capacity hypothesis states that this relationship is due to limitations in the amount of information that can be stored and held active in working memory. Previous research aimed at testing the capacity hypothesis assumed that it implies stronger relationships of intelligence test performance with WMC for test items with higher capacity demands. The present article addresses this assumption through simulations of three theoretical models implementing the capacity hypothesis while systematically varying different psychometric variables. The results show that almost any relation between the capacity demands of items and their correlation with WMC can be obtained. Therefore, the assumption made by previous studies does not hold: The capacity hypothesis does not imply stronger correlations of WMC and intelligence test items with higher capacity demands. Items varying in capacity demands cannot be used to test the causality of WMC (or any other latent variable) for fluid intelligence.
Peculiarities of Industry-Specific Terms Translation from English into Russian (on the basis of construction terminology)
Authors: Квач Ю.А.
Published: April 2021

В статье рассматриваются способы перевода английских строительных терминов на русский язык, семантические и структурные различия строительных терминов в английском языке и их русских эквивалентов. Исследование приемов, применяемых для перевода английских строительных терминов, показывает, что наиболее распространенными способами перевода простых терминов является подбор эквивалента, транскрипция и транслитерация, в то время как для перевода многокомпонентных терминов применяются различные лексические трансформации, а также перестановки и грамматические замены. Применение трансформаций позволяет учитывать типологические различия английского и русского языков, а также адекватно передавать содержание термина. Перевод многокомпонентных терминов может вызывать определенные трудности, так как для передачи их точного значения важно правильно определить границы термина, выделить главные
и зависимые слова, учесть при переводе часто наблюдаемые изменения исходного количества компонентов.

The article deals with means of construction terminology translation from English into Russian language. The paper presents semantic and structural differences of construction terminology in the English language
and their Russian equivalents. The research of methods used for translation of English construction terminology shows that the most commonly used methods of simple terms translation are the search of equivalents, transcription and transliteration, while multicomponent terms are commonly translated with the help of different lexical transformations, transposition and grammatical substitution. Translation transformations make it possible to account for typological differences of the English and Russian languages and also to adequately convey the meaning of a term. Translation of multicomponent terms may present some problems as for delivering their precise meaning it is
important to correctly define their boundaries and also to elicit nuclear and determinative components. It is worth noting that the number of components in a translated term may differ from that of the original term.
The Poetic Function of Language as a Guarantee Ensuring the Authenticity of Translation
Authors: Колкер Я.М.
Published: April 2021

О поэтической функции языка пишут немного и редко. И только недавно С. Т. Золян счел нужным напомнить лингвистической общественности, что в 2021 году исполняется 100 лет идее Р. О. Якобсона о поэтической функции языка и о ее плодотворном влиянии на развитие лингвистической науки. В нашей статье, посвященной приему как одному из компонентов поэтической функции языка, художественный прием рассматривается, с одной стороны, как выразительное средство языка оригинала поэтического текста, а с другой стороны — как способ достижения функциональной эквивалентности поэтического перевода. Материал исследования — стихи великого русского поэта Ф. И. Тютчева — как нельзя лучше соответствует поставленной задаче. Тютчев, поэт и переводчик, понимал роль перевода в реализации поэтической функции языка. Более того, он помнил, что именно поэтическая функция языка объединяет посыл поэта и мастерство переводчика в «формообразующее» целое. Он также помнил, что перевод является способом исследования языка, так как при переводе выбор нужного слова и структуры определяет достоверность использования языка вообще и служит критерием коммуникативной валидности как формы, так и содержания. Поэтому русские поэты, и Тютчев в частности, относятся к переводу как к действенному инструменту совершенствования языка во всех присущих ему функциях.
Перевод стихотворений Тютчева на английский язык выполнен автором статьи.

The poetic function of language is not receiving due attention in linguistic studies. We have been recently reminded by Professor S. Zolyan that exactly a century ago the concept of the poetic function of language, destined to promote linguistic science, was introduced by Roman Jacobson. Our paper discusses poetic translation focusing on an important component of the poetic function, — that of poetic device. The latter is treated in broader terms than stylistics usually intends. For the author of the paper, a poetic device, whether used by the poet or by the translator, whether a local device or one operating on the textual level, is a functional mechanism (e. g., such as contrast or analogy) rather than a specific trope or figure of speech. If, employed in translation, it performs the same function as
in the source language text, the authenticity of translation is guaranteed. For poetic material we turned to F. I. Tiutchev’s lyrics. Being a skillful translator, the great Russian poet was keenly aware of the poetic function of language, which brings the message of the poet and its rendering by a translator into an entity, a unity of form and content, with the poetic function serving as an instrument of perfecting the language in all its other functions.
The verses have been translated by the author of the article.
UNA APROXIMACIÓN A LA TAUTOMERÍA DE LOS HETEROCICLOS AROMÁTICOS
Authors: Elguero José
Published: April 2021

Esta revisión presenta de una manera sencilla el universo de la tautomería de los compuestos heterocíclicos aromáticos. Se llama la atención sobre los errores más frecuentes y se dan algunas indicaciones de como proceder en el estudio de la tautomería.
Osmanlı İdaresinde Vilâyet Mektupçuluğu
Authors: Pala Ayhan
Published: April 2021

Osmanlı Devleti'nin modernleşme çalışmaları arasında idarî teşkilâtta yapılan değişiklikler önemli bir yer tutar. 22 Eylül 1858 tarihli bir talimatname ile ülkenin idarî taksimatı üzerindeki herhangi bir değişiklik ve düzenleme padişah fermanına bağlanmıştır. Bu çerçevede Tanzimat'tan sonra vilâyetlerin idarî teşkilâtında esaslı değişiklikler yapılmıştır. Bu değişikliklerin hepsi merkeziyetçi bir idarenin yerleştirilmesi gayesiyle yapılmıştır. Osmanlı vilâyet idaresinin yeniden düzenlenmesinde 1861'de tespit edilen Cebel-i Lübnan'ın statüsü bir örnek teşkil etmiştir. Avrupalılar bu sistemin bütün Osmanlı Rumelisi ve Mezopotamya vilâyetlerinde de uygulanmasını isteyince, Osmanlı Hükümeti adına Ahmed Cevdet Paşa, Fuad Paşa ve Midhat Paşa yeni vilâyet idaresinin statüsünü hazırladılar.1864 Vilâyet Nizamnamesi, vilâyetin valisinin bütün devlet emirlerinin uygulanmasına memur olduğu gibi, belirlenen görev sınırları dahilinde vilâyetin iç işlerini yürütmekle görevli ve yetkili olduğunu belirtti. Vilâyette Defterdar, Mektupçu, Umur-ı Hariciye Memuru, Umur-ı Nafia Memuru, Umur-ı Ziraiye ve Ticariye Memuru bulunacağından bahseden Nizamname, valinin maiyetinde ve reisliği altında bir idarî meclis bulunacağını, bu meclisin, Şer'î Hükümler Müfettişi ile Defterdar, Mektupçu, Hariciye Müdürü ve ikisi müslim ve ikisi gayrimüslim halktan seçilen kimselerden oluşacağını açıkladı. Makalemizde Osmanlı arşiv belgelerinin ve araştırmaların ışığında Osmanlı Vilâyet Mektupçuluğunun kuruluşu, vazifeleri ve Osmanlı idare tarihindeki yeri üzerinde durulacaktır.
Osmanlı Devleti’nin Kalpazanlıkla İmtihanı (1818-1921)
Authors: Öztel Muharrem
Published: April 2021

Osmanlı piyasalarında 19. yüzyıl boyunca kalpazanlık, önceki asırlara nispetle çok daha önemli bir sorun haline gelmiştir. Bu dönemde, yerli ve yabancı kalpazanlar yurt içinde ve dışında ürettikleri sahte Osmanlı sikkeleriyle kâğıt paralarını yoğun bir şekilde piyasaya sürmüştür. Bu nedenle, kalpazanlığa ve tedavülde olan sahte paralara karşı devletin vermesi gereken mücadele her zamankinden çok daha önemli hale gelmiştir. Mücadele, özellikle dâhiliye, maliye ve zaptiye nezaretlerinin öncülüğünde, nispeten diğer idari birimleri de içine alan bir organizasyonla yürütülmüştür. Verilen mücadelede sahte paraların izi sürülerek kalpazanlara ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu süreçte tesis edilen istihbarat mekanizması mücadelenin temelini oluşturmuştur. Özellikle bu yolla kalpazanlar, sahte para imal ederken veya piyasaya sürerken suçüstü yakalanabilmiştir. İhbarların, muhbirlerin ve taharri memurlarının beslediği istihbarat sistemi, devlet idaresinin takip ettiği ödül politikasıyla daha da işlevsel hale gelmiştir. Kalpazanlıkla mücadelede katkısı olanlara nakit para veya mecidiye nişanı gibi mükâfatlar verilmiştir. Takip edilen ödül politikasıyla, sivil veya memur herkes, daha yüksek bir motivasyon ve duyarlılıkla katkı sağlamaları için teşvik edilmiştir. Ayrıca, para piyasasında bazı düzenlemeler yapılmış, kanunlarda var olan bir kısım açıklar kapatılmış ve kalpazanlık suçunun cezasında büyük oranda artırıma gidilmiştir.
Az igazságügyi szakértői tevékenység feltételrendszeréről egy ombudsmani vizsgálat tükrében
Authors: Pajcsicsné Csóré Erika
Published: April 2021

The author provides on overview of the report of the Commissioner for Fundamental Rights on forensic expert witnesses in Hungary.
Lőmaradványok alternatív vizsgálatainak tapasztalatai
Authors: Tóth Enikő
Published: April 2021

The author provides an overview on the forensic identification of gunshot residue.
A prostitúció szabályozásának lehetséges megoldásai és főbb problémái
Authors: Podoletz Léna
Published: April 2021

The author provides an overview of the political and theoretical debates concerning the legalisation and regulation of prostitution.
Research on Multiwavelength Isolated Bright Points Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Xu Li , Yang Yunfei , Yan Yihua , Zhang Yin , Bai Xianyong , Liang Bo , Dai Wei , Feng Song , Cao Wenda
Published: April 2021

Multiwavelength bright points (BPs) are taken to be cross sections of magnetic flux tubes extending from the surface of the photosphere upward to the higher photosphere. We aim to study the characteristics of isolated multiwavelength BPs using the cotemporal and cospatial TiO band and Hα line wings from the Goode Solar Telescope at Big Bear Solar Observatory. A deep-learning method, based on Track Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks, is proposed to detect, segment, and match the BPs across multiple wavelength observations, including the TiO, Hα + 1 Å, Hα − 1 Å, Hα + 0.8 Å, and Hα − 0.8 Å line wings. Based on the efficient detection and matching result with a precision of 0.98, 1283 groups of BPs matched in all five wavelengths are selected for statistics analysis. The characteristic values of the BPs observed at the same red and blue line wings are averaged. For the BPs of the TiO, averaged Hα ± 1 Å, and averaged Hα ± 0.8 Å line wings, the mean equivalent diameters are 162 ± 32, 254 ± 33, and 284 ± 28 km, respectively. The maximum intensity contrasts are 1.11 ± 0.09, 1.05 ± 0.03, and 1.05 ± 0.02

, respectively. The mean eccentricities are 0.65 ± 0.14, 0.63 ± 0.11, and 0.65 ± 0.11, respectively. Moreover, the characteristic ratios of each Hα ± 1 Å and Hα ± 0.8 Å BP to its corresponding TiO BP are derived. Hα ± 1 Å and Hα ± 0.8 Å line wings BPs show 60% and 80% increases compared to TiO BPs, respectively. With increasing height, most BPs almost keep their shapes. This work is helpful for modeling the three-dimensional structure of flux tubes.
Infrared Echoes of Optical Tidal Disruption Events: ∼1% Dust-covering Factor or Less at Subparsec Scale
Authors: Jiang Ning , Wang Tinggui , Hu Xueyang , Sun Luming , Dou Liming , Xiao Lin
Published: April 2021

The past decade has experienced an explosive increase of optically discovered tidal disruption events (TDEs) with the advent of modern time-domain surveys. However, we still lack a comprehensive observational view of their infrared (IR) echoes in spite of individual detections. To this end, we have conducted a statistical study of the IR variability of the 23 optical TDEs discovered between 2009 and 2018 using the full public data set of the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer. The detection of variability is performed on the difference images, yielding 11 objects with significant (>3σ) variability in at least one band, while dust emission can be only fit in 8 objects. Their peak dust luminosity is around 1041–1042 erg s−1, corresponding to a dust-covering factor f

c
∼ 0.01 at a subparsec scale. The only exception is the disputed source ASASSN-15lh, which shows an ultra-high dust luminosity (∼1043.5 erg s−1), and this makes its nature even more elusive. Other nondetected objects show even lower f

c
, which could be lower by one more order of magnitude. The derived f

c
is generally much lower than those of dusty tori in active galactic nuclei, suggesting either a dearth of dust or a geometrically thin and flat disk in the vicinity of supermassive black holes. Our results also indicate that the optical TDE sample (post-starburst galaxies overrepresented) is seriously biased to events with little dust at subparsec scale, while TDEs in dusty star-forming systems could be more efficiently unveiled by IR echoes.
The TW Hya Rosetta Stone Project IV: A Hydrocarbon-rich Disk Atmosphere
Authors: Cleeves L. Ilsedore , Loomis Ryan A. , Teague Richard , Bergin Edwin A. , Wilner David J. , Bergner Jennifer B. , Blake Geoffrey A. , Calahan Jenny K. , Cazzoletti Paolo , van Dishoeck Ewine F. , Guzmán Viviana V. , Hogerheijde Michiel R. , Huang Jane , Kama Mihkel , Öberg Karin I. , Qi Chunhua , van Scheltinga Jeroen Terwisscha , Walsh Catherine
Published: April 2021

Connecting the composition of planet-forming disks with that of gas giant exoplanet atmospheres, in particular through C/O ratios, is one of the key goals of disk chemistry. Small hydrocarbons like C2H and C3H2 have been identified as tracers of C/O, as they form abundantly under high C/O conditions. We present resolved c–C3H2 observations from the TW Hya Rosetta Stone Project, a program designed to map the chemistry of common molecules at 15–20 au resolution in the TW Hya disk. Augmented by archival data, these observations comprise the most extensive multi-line set for disks of both ortho and para spin isomers spanning a wide range of energies, E

u
= 29–97 K. We find the ortho-to-para ratio of c–C3H2 is consistent with 3 throughout extent of the emission, and the total abundance of both c–C3H2 isomers is (7.5–10) × 10−11 per H atom, or 1%–10% of the previously published C2H abundance in the same source. We find c–C3H2 comes from a layer near the surface that extends no deeper than z/r = 0.25. Our observations are consistent with substantial radial variation in gas-phase C/O in TW Hya, with a sharp increase outside ∼30 au. Even if we are not directly tracing the midplane, if planets accrete from the surface via, e.g., meridional flows, then such a change should be imprinted on forming planets. Perhaps interestingly, the HR 8799 planetary system also shows an increasing gradient in its giant planets’ atmospheric C/O ratios. While these stars are quite different, hydrocarbon rings in disks are common, and therefore our results are consistent with the young planets of HR 8799 still bearing the imprint of their parent disk’s volatile chemistry.
The Milky Way Project: Probing Star Formation with First Results on Yellowballs from DR2
Authors: Wolf-Chase Grace , Kerton C. R. , Devine Kathryn , Pouydal Anupa , Mori Johanna , Trujillo Leonardo , Cossairt Aurora , Schoultz Sarah , Jayasinghe Tharindu , Povich Matthew
Published: April 2021

Yellowballs (YBs) were first discovered during the Milky Way Project (MWP) citizen science initiative. The MWP users noticed compact, yellow regions in Spitzer Space Telescope mid-infrared (MIR) images of the Milky Way plane and asked professional astronomers to explain these “yellow balls.” Follow-up work by Kerton et al. determined that YBs likely trace compact photodissociation regions associated with massive and intermediate-mass star formation. The YBs were included as target objects in a version of the MWP launched in 2016, which produced a listing of over 6000 YB locations. We have measured distances, cross-match associations, physical properties, and MIR colors of ∼500 YBs within a pilot region covering the l = 30°–40°, b = ±1° region of the Galactic plane. We find that ∼20%–30% of YBs in our pilot region contain high-mass star formation capable of becoming expanding H ii regions that produce MIR bubbles. A majority of YBs represent intermediate-mass star-forming regions whose placement in evolutionary diagrams suggest they are still actively accreting and may be precursors to optically revealed Herbig Ae/Be nebulae. Many of these intermediate-mass YBs were missed by surveys of massive star formation tracers; thus, this catalog provides information for many new sites of star formation. Future work will expand this pilot region analysis to the entire YB catalog.
The Biermann Battery Driven by a Streaming Plasma
Authors: Ohira Yutaka
Published: April 2021

The Biermann battery is a promising generation mechanism of a seed magnetic field in the universe. We propose a new driving mechanism for the Biermann battery in an inhomogeneous plasma with a beam component. An inhomogeneous electron flow induced by the return current can make an electron pressure gradient that is not parallel to the density gradient. As a result, the magnetic field is generated by the Biermann battery. We demonstrate the new generation mechanism of the magnetic field by conducting three-fluid plasma simulations. By this mechanism, the first cosmic rays can generate the seed magnetic field with astrophysical scales at redshift around 20.
Precise Ages of Field Stars from White Dwarf Companions in Gaia DR2
Authors: Qiu Dan , Tian Hai-Jun , Wang Xi-Dong , Nie Jia-Lu , Hippel Ted von , Liu Gao-Chao , Fouesneau Morgan , Rix Hans-Walter
Published: April 2021

We analyze 4050 wide binary star systems involving a white dwarf (WD) and usually a main-sequence (MS) star, drawn from the large sample assembled by Tian et al. Using the modeling code BASE-9, we determine the system’s ages, the WD progenitors’ zero-age MS masses, the extinction values (A

V
), and the distance moduli. Discarding the cases with poor age convergences, we obtain ages for 3551 WDs, with a median age precision of σ

τ
/τ = 20%, and system ages typically in the range of 1–6 Gyr. We validated these ages against the very few known clusters and through cross validation of 236 WD-WD binaries. Under the assumption that the components are coeval in a binary system, this provides precise age constraints on the usually low-mass MS companions, mostly inaccessible by any other means.
An Energy-conserving Integrator for Conservative Hamiltonian Systems with Ten-dimensional Phase Space
Authors: Hu Shiyang , Wu Xin , Liang Enwei
Published: April 2021

In this paper, an implicit nonsymplectic exact energy-preserving integrator is specifically designed for a ten-dimensional phase-space conservative Hamiltonian system with five degrees of freedom. It is based on a suitable discretization-averaging of the Hamiltonian gradient, with a second-order accuracy to numerical solutions. A one-dimensional disordered discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation and a post-Newtonian Hamiltonian system of spinning compact binaries are taken as our two examples. We demonstrate numerically that the proposed algorithm exhibits good long-term performance in the preservation of energy, if roundoff errors are neglected. This result is independent of time steps, initial orbital eccentricities, and regular and chaotic orbital dynamical behavior. In particular, the application of appropriately large time steps to the new algorithm is helpful in reducing time-consuming and roundoff errors. This new method, combined with fast Lyapunov indicators, is well suited to studying the influence of some parameters or initial conditions related to chaos in the two example problems. It is found that chaos in the former system is mainly responsible for one of the parameters. In the latter problem, a combination of small initial separations and high initial eccentricities can easily induce chaos.
Galactic O-type Stars in LAMOST Data
Authors: Li 李 Guang-Wei 广伟
Published: April 2021

This paper reports 209 O-type stars found with LAMOST. All 135 new O-type stars discovered so far with LAMOST are given. Among them, 94 stars are first presented in this sample. There are 1 Iafpe star, 5 Onfp stars, 12 Oe stars, 1 Ofc stars, 3 ON stars, 16 double-lined spectroscopic binaries, and 33 single-lined spectroscopic binaries. All O-type stars are determined based on LAMOST low-resolution spectra (R ∼ 1800), with their LAMOST median-resolution spectra (R ∼ 7500) as supplements.
Savoir ou révélation : la mythologie à l’origine de la rupture entre Freud et Jung
Authors: Chemouni Jacquy
Published: April 2021

La scission entre Freud et Jung a toujours été attribuée à un désaccord relatif à la question de la libido, le disciple refusant d’admettre que l’énergie psychique puisse être de nature pulsionnelle et libidinale. À travers une lecture serrée de la correspondance échangée entre les deux hommes, nous tentons de démontrer que leur séparation repose sur des considérations différentes et bien plus essentielles, susceptibles de mettre plus fondamentalement en cause la psychanalyse freudienne, concernant la place que chacun assigne à la mythologie dans le processus thérapeutique. Si la question de la mythologie deviendra centrale dans la psychologie analytique de Jung, elle inaugure dans l’œuvre freudienne un tournant épistémologique illustré par la publication de Totem et tabou .
Les CMP pour enfants et adolescents : une enquête nationale de l’AJPJA
Authors: Dumas Louise-Émilie , Klein Anaelle , Buchoul Hélène , Fischer-Janny Marielle , Lardinois Marine
Published: April 2021

L’Association des jeunes psychiatres et jeunes addictologues ( ajpja ) a mené une enquête nationale pour faire l’état des lieux des centres médico-psycho-logiques ( cmp ) de pédopsychiatrie, dans la continuité du rapport de l’ igas publié en 2018. Ce sondage a été réalisé et présenté à l’occasion des « Carrefours de la pédopsychiatrie » sur le thème «  cmp  : mission un possible », en février 2020. Au total, 362 pédopsychiatres, psychiatres et addictologues ont participé à cette enquête et ont pu rapporter leur expérience de terrain concernant plusieurs questions telles que l’organisation des soins en cmp , les délais d’attente et le nombre de patients dans leur file active, la transition des suivis adolescent-adulte et la qualité des soins en cmp … Cette forte mobilisation représente une préoccupation commune des professionnels pour le devenir de la pédopsychiatrie de secteur.
Transition entre services de pédopsychiatrie et de psychiatrie adulte
Authors: Mousatat Firas , Ducroix Pastori Corinne
Published: April 2021

L’adolescence peut se définir de multiples façons et l’arrivée au monde adulte est complexe, d’autant plus lorsque l’on est suivi pour une maladie chronique. Ce constat, appliqué au champ de la psychiatrie, a induit un travail collaboratif entre les services infanto-juvénile et adulte sur notre territoire de santé. Au-delà de pratiques de soins réfléchies en équipe, coordonnées, voire conjointes, que nous exposerons, notre réflexion s’appuiera sur la présentation de vignettes qui résument la complexité et la nécessité d’un travail de liaison. Cette richesse clinique et la quasi-absence d’études concernant le domaine de la santé mentale nous ont conduits à proposer des modalités de travail pour un relais sécure entre les deux services infanto-juvénile et adulte, mais aussi à conduire une recherche dans le domaine de la transition en psychiatrie.
Formation de la fracture territoriale en Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Authors: Lalanne Aurélie
Published: April 2021

Cet article étudie la formation de la fracture territoriale en Nouvelle-Aquitaine sur deux siècles (1800-2015) et analyse le système urbain régional dans son ensemble. Cette vaste région contrastée, comptant autant d’atouts métropolitains que des communes rurales à faible attractivité, fait face à des enjeux d’équité et de cohésion territoriale que le prisme métropolitain des récentes réformes territoriales exacerbent. D’une part, cet article revisite les principes théoriques d’organisation des systèmes urbains (lois de Zipf et de Gibrat) en les mobilisant en tant qu’outils méthodologiques (paramétriques et non-paramétriques) permettant de décrire le creusement des inégalités de taille, d’appréhender l’évolution du lien entre la taille des communes et leur croissance ainsi que l’importance de la proximité à Bordeaux dans les dynamiques de croissance. D’autre part, cet article questionne les capacités de ruissellement d’une métropole ainsi que la possibilité des politiques d’attractivité à assurer la cohésion démographique, économique et sociale des territoires. Classification JEL  : R11, R12.
Migration résidentielle vers le rural et le périurbain : un processus ségrégatif ?
Authors: Batisse Cécile , Truchet Stéphanie , Zhu Nong
Published: April 2021

À partir des données issues du recensement général de la population de 2014, nous analysons à l’échelle des bassins de vie, le lien entre migration résidentielle à destination des espaces ruraux et périurbains et ségrégation socio-spatiale. Nos résultats montrent que les individus sont sensibles aux caractéristiques sociodémographiques du voisinage dans leurs territoires d’origine et de destination. Alors que le capital humain est source de rétention pour les territoires d’origine, les individus mobiles apparaissent sensibles au degré d’homogénéité sociale des territoires. Enfin, l’influence des caractéristiques sociodémographiques sur les migrations résidentielles vers les territoires ruraux et périurbains varie selon les catégories socioprofessionnelles. Classification JEL  : J61, R23, R15, C01.
On time fractional pseudo-parabolic equations with nonlocal integral conditions
Authors: Tuan Nguyen Anh , O'Regan Donal , Baleanu Dumitru , Tuan Nguyen H.
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we study the nonlocal problem for pseudo-parabolic equation with time and space fractional derivatives. The time derivative is of Caputo type and of order \begin{document}$ \sigma,\; \; 0<\sigma<1 $\end{document} and the space fractional derivative is of order \begin{document}$ \alpha,\beta >0 $\end{document}. In the first part, we obtain some results of the existence and uniqueness of our problem with suitably chosen \begin{document}$ \alpha, \beta $\end{document}. The technique uses a Sobolev embedding and is based on constructing a Mittag-Leffler operator. In the second part, we give the ill-posedness of our problem and give a regularized solution. An error estimate in \begin{document}$ L^p $\end{document} between the regularized solution and the sought solution is obtained.
Corrigendum to Crawford and Sobel (1982) “Strategic Information Transmission”
Authors: Kono Haruki , Kandori Michihiro
Published: April 2021

In their analysis of strategic information transmission, Vincent Crawford and Joel Sobel (1982) showed the existence of partition equilibria (Theorem 1). Although the theorem itself is correct, the proof contains some incorrect statements. We present a counter‐example and provide a correct version of the proof.
Ciencia abierta: un modelo con piezas por encajar
Authors: Abadal Ernest
Published: April 2021

La ciencia abierta constituye una transformación radical en la manera de llevar a cabo la investigación científica. Se trata de un nuevo modelo de hacer ciencia que se basa en el trabajo colaborativo entre personas de la academia y también en la apertura y la transparencia de todas las fases de la investigación (no solo la publicación final, sino también la recogida de datos, el peer review o los criterios de evaluación, entre otros aspectos).
La ciencia abierta tiene sus antecedentes en el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) por quienes investigan y en la consolidación del acceso abierto a las publicaciones. Por otro lado, en su desarrollo también ha contado con tres elementos facilitadores: su conexión con los valores clásicos de la ciencia, la acción de responsables políticos con capacidad resolutiva en sus organizaciones, y el apoyo institucional, en especial de la Comisión Europea y de diversas agencias de financiación de la investigación.
En el artículo se analizan diversas definiciones de ciencia abierta para destacar sus características fundamentales: apertura, transparencia y reutilización de contenidos. Se considera la ciencia abierta como un término «paraguas» que agrupa diversas piezas o elementos como el acceso abierto, los datos abiertos (FAIR, en sus siglas en inglés, findable, accessible, interoperable y reusable), la revisión abierta, el uso de preprints, la ciencia ciudadana y los nuevos modelos de evaluación. A pesar de que existe discrepancia sobre cuáles son esas piezas elementales, el artículo se centra en los seis elementos mencionados, repasa la situación actual de cada uno de ellos, y pone especial énfasis en su grado de desarrollo y en lo que aportan a la ciencia abierta.
Se constata una notable diversidad en el desarrollo de cada una de las piezas y también la ausencia de una acción coordinada, lo que podría suponer una ralentización de las prácticas de ciencia abierta.
A pesar de los destacados avances en acceso abierto, de la notable compartición de datos de investigación y de un respetable uso de preprints, se ha avanzado muy poco en el establecimiento de nuevas métricas y de nuevos modelos de evaluación, aun cuando estos son un elemento clave para incentivar la expansión de la ciencia abierta en todas las disciplinas.
Política Nacional de Ciência Aberta em Portugal: recomendações do grupo de trabalho sobre Avaliação da ciência
Authors: Ribeiro Lígia , Borges Maria Manuel , Silva Diana
Published: April 2021

El 24 de marzo de 2016, por medio de la Resolución del Consejo de Ministros n. 21/2016, el Gobierno de Portugal, a través del Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Educación Superior (MCTES), anunció el compromiso de la ciencia con los principios y prácticas de Ciencia abierta. La misma resolución obligó al MCTES a crear un Grupo de Trabajo Interministerial con la misión de presentar una propuesta de Plan Estratégico para la implementación de una Política Nacional de Ciencia Abierta. El grupo de trabajo incluyó cuatro subgrupos: acceso abierto y datos abiertos, infraestructura y preservación digital, evaluación científica y responsabilidad social.
En este artículo se presenta el conjunto de recomendaciones que el subgrupo de evaluación científica, en articulación con los demás, considera fundamentales para la implementación de prácticas de ciencia abierta, dirigidas a los agentes políticos, así como a las entidades productoras, evaluadoras y financiadoras de la ciencia.
[pt] Em 24 de março de 2016, através da Resolução do Conselho de Ministros nº 21/2016, o Governo de Portugal, através do Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (MCTES), anunciou o compromisso da ciência com os princípios e práticas da ciência aberta. A mesma resolução mandata o MCTES a criar um grupo de trabalhointerministerial com a missão de apresentar uma proposta de Plano Estratégico para a implementação de uma Política Nacional de Ciência Aberta. O grupo de trabalho incluiu quatro subgrupos - acesso aberto e dados abertos, infraestruturas e preservação digital, avaliação científica e responsabilidade social científica.
Neste artigo apresenta-se o conjunto de recomendações que o subgrupo de avaliação científica, em articulação com os restantes, entende serem fundamentais para a implementação de práticas de ciência aberta dirigindo-se a agentes políticos, bem como a entidades produtoras, avaliadoras e financiadoras de ciência.
El movimiento Open Citations y sus implicaciones en la transformación de la evaluación científica
Authors: Ortega José Luis
Published: April 2021

El presente trabajo pretende hacer una revisión del naciente movimiento Open Citations, el cual aboga por la libre disposición de las citas bibliográficas incluidas en cada contribución científica. Este movimiento, enmarcado dentro de corrientes más generales como Open Data y Open Access, busca de esta forma que las citas bibliográficas sean un bien común para la comunidad científica, reforzando el desarrollo de la investigación bibliométrica y la construcción de sistemas de información científica autóctonos. Este cambio está suponiendo una revolución en el mercado de la documentación científica, al surgir nuevos productos y plataformas que permiten valorar la producción e impacto de investigadores e instituciones a partir de fuentes abiertas y alternativas. Esta transformación implica una oportunidad para el desarrollo de portales regionales o institucionales que, alimentados de estas fuentes abiertas, permitan una evaluación propia e independiente. En primer lugar, se hará un análisis del origen y contexto de este movimiento; se analizarán las fuentes de citas abiertas que están apareciendo (Crossref, Microsoft Academic Knowledge Graph, Open Citation Corpus) y algunos productos alternativos (Lens, Dimensions, SemanticScholar); por último, se analizará las implicaciones que todo este movimiento puede tener en la evaluación científica, haciendo hincapié en la posibilidad de desarrollar Current Research Information Systems (CRIS) locales destinados a la evaluación científica.
La ciencia digital en América Latina: alcance y beneficios
Authors: Del Castillo Martín , Arza Valeria
Published: April 2021

El empleo de herramientas digitales está transformando los procesos de producción científica y sus impactos. En este trabajo evaluamos en qué medida la digitalización en ciencia ha alcanzado a la actividad científica en América Latina y cuáles han sido sus efectos. Para eso, utilizamos datos bibliométricos de tres países latinoamericanos de tamaño medio, Argentina, Chile y Colombia, que tienen una trayectoria científica importante y el análisis lo hemos centrado en cuatro disciplinas: ciencias biológicas y agrícolas, ciencias de la tierra y planetarias, ciencias ambientales y ciencias decisionales. Encontramos que la digitalización ha ido creciendo durante los últimos 25 años, pero la brecha con los países líderes sólo se ha reducido levemente. Asimismo, la incidencia de la digitalización varía por disciplina. En términos de beneficios asociados a la digitalización, nuestros resultados muestran que los artículos que utilizan prácticas o herramientas de ciencia digital tienen mayor impacto académico (tienen más citas), más colaboración (más coautorías) y más internacionalización (autorías de un mayor número de países). Es decir, en estas disciplinas y en estos países, la digitalización ha logrado aumentar la visibilidad de la investigación, potencialmente su calidad y, así, los retornos sociales de los recursos invertidos. También se han ampliado las redes, propiciando de esta forma un mejor aprovechamiento de la inteligencia colectiva y la integración de los problemas de investigación locales a una agenda global, aumentando potencialmente los recursos que se destinan a la investigación en estos países.