bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementing Data Exfiltration Defense in Situ: A Survey of Countermeasures and Human Involvement
Authors: Chung Mu-Huan , Yang Yuhong , Wang Lu , Cento Greg , Jerath Khilan , Raman Abhay , Lie David , Chignell Mark H.
Published: January 2023

In this article we consider the problem of defending against increasing data exfiltration threats in the domain of cybersecurity. We review existing work on exfiltration threats and corresponding countermeasures. We consider current problems and challenges that need to be addressed to provide a qualitatively better level of protection against data exfiltration. After considering the magnitude of the data exfiltration threat, we outline the objectives of this article and the scope of the review. We then provide an extensive discussion of present methods of defending against data exfiltration. We note that current methodologies for defending against data exfiltration do not connect well with domain experts, both as sources of knowledge and as partners in decision-making. However, human interventions continue to be required in cybersecurity. Thus, cybersecurity applications are necessarily socio-technical systems that cannot be safely and efficiently operated without considering relevant human factor issues. We conclude with a call for approaches that can more effectively integrate human expertise into defense against data exfiltration.
Using Semantic Web to Create and Explore an Index of Toponyms Cited in Medieval Geographical Works
Authors: Bartalesi Valentina , Pratelli Nicolo’ , Lenzi Emanuele , Pontari Paolo
Published: January 2023

Western thought in European history was mainly affected by the image of the world created during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. The most popular reason to travel during the Middle Ages was taking a pilgrimage. Jerusalem, Rome, and Santiago de Compostela were the most popular destinations. It is not surprising that a lot of works written by travellers as guides for pilgrims exist. By the beginning of the Renaissance, a more precise image of the world was defined, thanks to the discovery of ancient geographical models, especially the work of Ptolemy. The Italian National Research Project (PRIN) IMAGO --- Index Medii Aevi Geographiae Operum --- (2020-2023) aims to provide a systematic overview of the medieval and renaissance Latin geographical literature using the Semantic Web technologies and the LOD paradigm. Indeed, until now, this literature has not been studied using digital methods. In particular, this article presents how we formally represented the knowledge about the toponyms, or place names, in the IMAGO ontology. To maximise the interoperability, we developed the IMAGO ontology as an extension of two reference vocabularies: the CIDOC CRM and its extension FRBRoo, including its in-progress reformulation, LRMoo. Furthermore, we used Wikidata as reference knowledge base. As case study, we chose to represent the knowledge related to the toponyms cited by the Italian poet Dante Alighieri in his Latin works. We carried out a first experiment for visualising the knowledge about these toponyms on a map and in the form of tables and CSV files.
VISIT: A Content Management and Exploration System for Mobile Augmented Reality in the Context of Digital Humanities and Cultural Heritage
Authors: Serres Barthélémy , Létienne Damien , Roussey Olivier , Venturini Gilles
Published: January 2023

We present in this article an augmented reality system called VISIT designed to deliver content about artworks to visitors. This system aims to simplify the use of augmented reality by allowing (non-computer) users to define content and place it in 3D around an artwork. VISIT is composed of two main generic elements with respect to historical or artistic content: a Web interface allows to represent in a cloud all the necessary information (sites, areas, artworks, media) to define the augmented reality content that visitors will see. Its use is simple and accessible to non-computer specialists and does not require additional software development or special hardware. A mobile augmented reality application under Android will use this content and deliver it to the visitor on his/her smartphone. The application automatically detects the presence of the artworks and then places the 3D content as specified in the Web interface. The visitors can choose the elements that interest them. The user’s actions are recorded and allow site managers to analyze their behavior. VISIT is operational and we tested it in the context of a large-scale exhibition at the Château d’Azay-Le-Rideau in France. We conclude with the progress achieved as well as the limits and perspectives of our work.
PDQ 2.0
Authors: Benedikt Michael , Cooper Fergus , Germano Stefano , Gyorkei Gabor , Tsamoura Efthymia , Moore Brandon , Ortiz Camilo
Published: January 2023

Reasoning-based query planning has been explored in many contexts, including relational data integration, the SemanticWeb, and query reformulation. But infrastructure to build reasoning-based optimization in the relational context has been slow to develop. We overview PDQ 2.0, a platform supporting a number of reasoningenhanced querying tasks. We focus on a major goal of PDQ 2.0: obtaining a more modular and flexible architecture for reasoning-based query optimization.
Reminiscences on Influential Papers
Authors: Rabl Tilmann
Published: January 2023

When I started my PhD, I wanted to do something related to systems but I wasn't sure exactly what. I didn't consider data management systems initially, because I was unaware of the richness of the systems work that data management systems were build on. I thought the field was mainly about SQL. Luckily, that view changed quickly.
Modeling Anharmonic Effects in the Vibrational Spectra of High-Frequency Modes
Authors: Sibert Edwin L.
Published: January 2023

High-resolution vibrational spectra of C–H, O–H, and N–H stretches depend on both molecular conformation and environment as well as provide a window into the frequencies of many other vibrational degrees of freedom as a result of mode mixing. We review current theoretical strategies that are being deployed to both aid and guide the analysis of the data that are encoded in these spectra. The goal is to enhance the power of vibrational spectroscopy as a tool for probing conformational preferences, hydrogen bonding effects away from equilibrium, and energy flow pathways. Recent years have seen an explosion of new methods and strategies for solving the nuclear Schrödinger equation. Rather than attempt a comprehensive review, this work highlights specific molecular systems that we have chosen as representing bonding motifs that are important to chemistry and biology. We focus on the choices theoretical chemists make regarding the level of electronic structure theory, the representation of the potential energy surface, the selection of coordinates, preferences in basis sets, and methods of solution.
Photoacid Dynamics in the Green Fluorescent Protein
Authors: van Thor Jasper J. , Champion Paul M.
Published: January 2023

The photoacid dynamics of fluorescent proteins include both electronic excited- and ground-state mechanisms of proton transfer. The associated characteristic timescales of these reactions range over many orders of magnitude, and the tunneling, barrier crossing, and relevant thermodynamics have in certain cases been linked to coherent nuclear motion. We review the literature and summarize the experiments and theory that demonstrate proton tunneling in the electronic ground state of the green fluorescent protein (GFP). We also discuss the excited-state proton-transfer reaction of GFP that takes place on the picosecond timescale. Although this reaction has been investigated using several vibrational spectroscopic methods, the interpretation remains unsettled. We discuss recent advances as well as remaining questions, in particular those related to the vibrational mode couplings that involve low-frequency modulations of chromophore vibrations on the timescale of proton transfer.
High Specific-Capacity Al-Graphite Dual-Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhu Yun Guang , Fang Jen-Hung , Shao-Horn Yang
Published: January 2023

Rechargeable Al-graphite dual ion batteries are believed as a promising stationary energy storage system due to its low cost and long cycling life. Through engineering both Al and graphite electrodes using poly(vinylidene fluoride) and poly(vinylidene fluoride)-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) copolymer as both binder and ionic network, Al-graphite batteries with high specific capacities and rate capabilities were demonstrated. We employed high-surface-area acetylene black (AB) as the substrate for Al plating to enhance the rate capability (up to 20 mA cm−2
geo) and stability (>500 h) of Al plating/stripping. The utilization of graphite was increased by anchoring graphite particles in the PVDF-HFP ionic network. With these Al and graphite electrodes, Al-graphite dual ion batteries were shown to have a specific capacity of ∼140 mAh g−1
C at a current density of 186 mA g−1
C and high cycling stability (∼0.07% decay per cycle based on the fully activated capacity at 2.98 A g−1
C). The 3D electrode design (Al negative and carbon positive electrode) with stable structure and high surface area can facilitate the development of the new Al-based battery chemistries (Al-Cl2, Al-Br2, and Al-O2, etc.).
A Framework for Determining the Big Five Personality Traits Using Machine Learning Classification through Graphology
Authors: Samsuryadi  , Kurniawan Rudi , Supardi Julian , Sukemi  , Mohamad Fatma Susilawati
Published: January 2023

Along with the progress of the times, the development of graphology has changed towards computerization. The fundamental problem in automated graphology is how to determine personality traits through digital handwriting using the principles of graphology. Although various models and approaches have been developed in research related to automated graphology, there are still obstacles to overcome such as the selection of preprocessing techniques and image processing algorithms to extract handwriting features and proper classification techniques to get maximum accuracy. Therefore, this study aims to design a reliable framework using image processing and machine learning approaches such as filtering, thresholding, and normalization to determine the personality traits through handwriting features. Then, handwriting features are classified according to the Big Five model. Experiments using the decision tree, SVM (kernel RBF), and KNN produced an accuracy above 99%. These results indicated that the proposed framework can be well applied to predict the personality of the Big Five model through handwriting analysis features.
Heavy Metal Removal from Aqueous Effluents by TiO2 and ZnO Nanomaterials
Authors: Sosa Lissarrague Matías H. , Alshehri Sameer , Alsalhi Abdullah , Lassalle Verónica L. , López Corral Ignacio
Published: January 2023

The presence of heavy metals in wastewater, such as Ni, Pb, Cd, V, Cr, and Cu, is a serious environmental problem. This kind of inorganic pollutant is not biodegradable for several years, and its harmful effect is cumulative. Recently, semiconductor nanomaterials based on metal oxides have gained interest due to their efficiency in the removal of heavy metals from contaminated water, by inducing photocatalytic ion reduction when they absorb light of the appropriate wavelength. The most commonly applied semiconductor oxides for these purposes are titanium oxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and binary nanomaterials composed of both types of oxides. The main purpose of this work is to critically analyse the existent literature concerning this topic focusing specially in the most important factors affecting the adsorption or photocatalytic capacities of this type of nanomaterials. In particular, photocatalytic activity is altered by various factors, such as proportion of polymorphs, synthesis method, surface area, concentration of defects and particle size, among others. After a survey of the actual literature, it was found that, although these metal oxides have low absorption capacity for visible light, it is possible to obtain an acceptable heavy metal reduction performance by sensitization with dyes, doping with metallic or nonmetallic atoms, introduction of defects, or the coupling of two or more semiconductors.
Hypoxia‐Induced GST1 Exerts Protective Effects on Trophoblasts via Inhibiting Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Accumulation
Authors: Chen Lingjuan , Chen Gaoli , Guo Lixuan , Wang Yaping , Ai Chengjin
Published: January 2023

Hypoxic conditions are a typical extrinsic factor for the modification of trophoblast biological functions, including cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Hypoxia‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation causes chronic trophoblast injury and contributes to preeclampsia (PE). Glutathione‐S‐transferase P (GSTP1) is a main regulator of ROS. However, it is still unknown whether GSTP1 is involved in ROS regulation under hypoxic conditions. Here, we investigated the expression level of GSTP1 in first‐trimester villi placentas compared with full‐term placentas and the effect of hypoxic conditions on GSTP1. GSTP1 expression in first‐trimester villi placentas was much higher than that in full‐term placentas. After hypoxia exposure, GSTP1 was significantly upregulated in JEG3 cells, a trophoblast‐like cell line. Hypoxic‐induced GSTP1 scavenged ROS accumulated by hypoxia exposure, potentially by promoting GST activity. The inhibitory effects of hypoxia exposure on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion induced by hypoxia exposure were obviously reversed by overexpression of GSTP1. Hypoxia‐induced cell apoptosis was also reversed by GSTP1 overexpression, indicating the protective effects of GSTP1 against ROS‐induced cell injury. Moreover, overexpressed GSTP1 markedly promoted the cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation abilities in JEG3 cells, demonstrating that GSP1 also exerts promoting effects under normoxic conditions. These data show that hypoxia‐induced GSTP1 expression facilitates trophoblast cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and exerts protective effects under hypoxic conditions, which may play an important role during the increase in PE.
PGC1α Degradation Suppresses Mitochondrial Biogenesis to Confer Radiation Resistance in Glioma
Authors: Zhao Mengjie , Li Yanhui , Lu Chenfei , Ding Fangshu , Xu Miao , Ge Xin , Li Mengdie , Wang Zhen , Yin Jianxing , Zhang Junxia , Wang Xiefeng , Ge Zehe , Xiao Hong , Xiao Yong , Liu Hongyi , Liu Wentao , Cao Yuandong , Wang Qianghu , You Yongping , Wang Xiuxing , Yang Kun , Shi Zhumei , Qian Xu
Published: January 2023

Radiotherapy is a major component of standard-of-care treatment for gliomas, the most prevalent type of brain tumor. However, resistance to radiotherapy remains a major concern. Identification of mechanisms governing radioresistance in gliomas could reveal improved therapeutic strategies for treating patients. Here, we report that mitochondrial metabolic pathways are suppressed in radioresistant gliomas through integrated analyses of transcriptomic data from glioma specimens and cell lines. Decreased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α), the key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism, correlated with glioma recurrence and predicted poor prognosis and response to radiotherapy of patients with glioma. The subpopulation of glioma cells with low-mitochondrial-mass exhibited reduced expression of PGC1α and enhanced resistance to radiotherapy treatment. Mechanistically, PGC1α was phosphorylated at serine (S) 636 by DNA-dependent protein kinase in response to irradiation. Phosphorylation at S636 promoted the degradation of PGC1α by facilitating its binding to the E3 ligase RNF34. Restoring PGC1α activity with expression of PGC1α S636A, a phosphorylation-resistant mutant, or a small-molecule PGC1α activator ZLN005 increased radiosensitivity of resistant glioma cells by reactivating mitochondria-related reactive oxygen species production and inducing apoptotic effects both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, this study identified a self-protective mechanism in glioma cells in which radiotherapy-induced degradation of PGC1α and suppression of mitochondrial biogenesis play a central role. Targeted activation of PGC1α could help improve response to radiotherapy in patients with glioma.

Significance:

Glioma cells reduce mitochondrial biogenesis by promoting PGC1α degradation to promote resistance to radiotherapy, indicating potential therapeutic strategies to enhance radiosensitivity.
TLE3 Sustains Luminal Breast Cancer Lineage Fidelity to Suppress Metastasis
Authors: Anstine Lindsey J. , Majmudar Parth R. , Aponte Amy , Singh Salendra , Zhao Ran , Weber-Bonk Kristen L. , Abdul-Karim Fadi W. , Valentine Mitchell , Seachrist Darcie D. , Grennel-Nickelson Katelyn E. , Cuellar-Vite Leslie , Sizemore Gina M. , Sizemore Steven T. , Webb Bryan M. , Thompson Cheryl L. , Keri Ruth A.
Published: January 2023

Breast cancer subtypes and their phenotypes parallel different stages of the mammary epithelial cell developmental hierarchy. Discovering mechanisms that control lineage identity could provide novel avenues for mitigating disease progression. Here we report that the transcriptional corepressor TLE3 is a guardian of luminal cell fate in breast cancer and operates independently of the estrogen receptor. In luminal breast cancer, TLE3 actively repressed the gene-expression signature associated with highly aggressive basal-like breast cancers (BLBC). Moreover, maintenance of the luminal lineage depended on the appropriate localization of TLE3 to its transcriptional targets, a process mediated by interactions with FOXA1. By repressing genes that drive BLBC phenotypes, including SOX9 and TGFβ2, TLE3 prevented the acquisition of a hybrid epithelial–mesenchymal state and reduced metastatic capacity and aggressive cellular behaviors. These results establish TLE3 as an essential transcriptional repressor that sustains the more differentiated and less metastatic nature of luminal breast cancers. Approaches to induce TLE3 expression could promote the acquisition of less aggressive, more treatable disease states to extend patient survival.

Significance:

Transcriptional corepressor TLE3 actively suppresses SOX9 and TGFβ transcriptional programs to sustain the luminal lineage identity of breast cancer cells and to inhibit metastatic progression.
Microexpression recognition robot
Authors: Wu Yi-Chang , Liu Yao-Cheng , Tsao Chieh , Huang Ru-Yi
Published: January 2023

Following the development of big data, the use of microexpression technology has become increasingly popular. The application of microexpressions has expanded beyond medical treatment to include scientific case investigations. Because microexpressions are characterized by short duration and low intensity, training humans to recognize their yields poor performance results. Automatically recognizing microexpressions by using machine learning techniques can provide more effective results and save time and resources. In the real world, to avoid judicial punishment, people lie and conceal the truth for a variety of reasons. In this study, our primary objective was to develop a system for real-time microexpression recognition. We used FaceReader as the retrieval system and integrated the data with an application programming interface to provide recognition results as objective references in real-time. Using an experimental analysis, we also attempted to determine the optimal system configuration conditions. In conclusion, the use of artificial intelligence is expected to enhance the efficiency of investigations.
Dwarf Open Reading Frame (DWORF) Gene Therapy Ameliorated Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Cardiomyopathy in Aged mdx Mice
Authors: Morales Emily D. , Yue Yongping , Watkins Thais B. , Han Jin , Pan Xiufang , Gibson Aaron M. , Hu Bryan , Brito‐Estrada Omar , Yao Gang , Makarewich Catherine A. , Babu Gopal J. , Duan Dongsheng
Published: January 2023

Background

Cardiomyopathy is a leading health threat in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Cytosolic calcium upregulation is implicated in DMD cardiomyopathy. Calcium is primarily removed from the cytosol by the sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA). SERCA activity is reduced in DMD. Improving SERCA function may treat DMD cardiomyopathy. Dwarf open reading frame (DWORF) is a recently discovered positive regulator for SERCA, hence, a potential therapeutic target.

Methods and Results

To study DWORF's involvement in DMD cardiomyopathy, we quantified DWORF expression in the heart of wild‐type mice and the mdx model of DMD. To test DWORF gene therapy, we engineered and characterized an adeno‐associated virus serotype 9–DWORF vector. To determine if this vector can mitigate DMD cardiomyopathy, we delivered it to 6‐week‐old mdx mice (6×10
12
vector genome particles/mouse) via the tail vein. Exercise capacity, heart histology, and cardiac function were examined at 18 months of age. We found DWORF expression was significantly reduced at the transcript and protein levels in mdx mice. Adeno‐associated virus serotype 9–DWORF vector significantly enhanced SERCA activity. Systemic adeno‐associated virus serotype 9‐DWORF therapy reduced myocardial fibrosis and improved treadmill running, electrocardiography, and heart hemodynamics.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that DWORF deficiency contributes to SERCA dysfunction in mdx mice and that DWORF gene therapy holds promise to treat DMD cardiomyopathy.
Species diversity deflation: Insight into taxonomic validity of Garra species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Dhofar Region in the Arabian Peninsula using an integrated morpho-molecular approach
Authors: SAYYADZADEH GOLNAZ , JUFAILI SAUD M. AL , ESMAEILI HAMID REZA
Published: January 2023

Garra is the most species-rich genus of freshwater fishes in the Arabian Peninsula, including Oman, which has eight recognized, species restricted mainly to the Hajar and Dhofar mountains. Garra species from the Dhofar region in Oman are reviewed based on integrated morphological and molecular (COI) data of newly collected fishes from the type localities of G. sindhae and G. smartae, and a new population from Wadi Laggashalyon. No diagnostic character was found to distinguish the two species and the Laggashalyon population as distinct taxa. Garra dunsirei, another species endemic to a sinkhole at Tawi Attair, a very difficult area to access at a depth of about 211 m, was examined here based on the GenBank data and the diagnostic characters given in the original descriptions of the studied Garra species. In addition, the phylogenetic tree placed the sequenced Omani Garra fishes into nine groups with K2P sequence divergence of 0.8% (G. smartae and G. smartae_Laggasaylon); 1.2% (G. smartae and G. sindhae), and 14.5% (G. Shamal and G. dunsirei) in their COI barcode region. A molecular species delimitation approach using PTP, also detected one entity for Garra species from the Dhofar region (G. dunsirei, G. sindhae and the both populations of G. smartae), which is consistent with our morphological data. Therefore, based on absence of diagnostic characters, low genetic distance, and molecular species delimitation approach, we treat G. sindhae and G. smartae as junior synonyms of G. dunsirei.
Hierarchies in the Decentralized Welfare State: Prioritization in the Housing Choice Voucher Program
Authors: Zhang Simone , Johnson Rebecca A.
Published: January 2023

Social provision in the United States is highly decentralized. Significant federal and state funding flows to local organizational actors, who are granted discretion over how to allocate resources to people in need. In welfare states where many programs are underfunded and decoupled from local need, how does decentralization shape who gets what? This article identifies forces that shape how local actors classify help-seekers when they ration scarce resources, focusing on the case of prioritization in the Housing Choice Voucher Program. We use network methods to represent and analyze 1,398 local prioritization policies. Our results reveal two patterns that challenge expectations from past literature. First, we observe classificatory restraint, or many organizations choosing not to draw fine distinctions between applicants to prioritize. Second, when organizations do institute priority categories, policies often advantage applicants who are formally institutionally connected to the local community. Interviews with officials, in turn, reveal how prioritization schemes reflect housing agencies’ position within a matrix of intra-organizational, inter-organizational, and vertical forces that structure the meaning and cost of classifying help-seekers. These findings illustrate how local organizations’ use of classification to solve on-the-ground organizational problems and manage scarce resources can generate additional forms of exclusion.
Extending Open Innovation: Orchestrating Knowledge Flows from Corporate Venture Capital Investments
Authors: Gutmann Tobias , Chochoiek Christopher , Chesbrough Henry
Published: January 2023

Although corporate venture capital (CVC) has been studied as part of open innovation (OI), assumptions about knowledge flows crossing organizational boundaries between “the inside” and “the outside” have limited those explorations. Drawing on an abductive approach to grounded theorizing, this article introduces an intuitive yet novel framework that traces the sources and applications of knowledge obtained from CVC to derive new conditions for how those investments allow companies to orchestrate knowledge flows to overcome barriers and increase their innovation effectiveness. Besides exploring traditional OI knowledge flows within the CVC context, this article further identifies and examines both outside-out knowledge flows (which help to shape an ecosystem for a corporate innovator) and inside-in knowledge flows (which overcome internal silos to achieve real innovation impact).
The Exceptionality of Twice-Exceptionality: Examining Combined Prevalence of Giftedness and Disability Using Multivariate Statistical Simulation
Authors: Cheek Connor L. , Garcia Jessica L. , Mehta Paras D. , Francis David J. , Grigorenko Elena L.
Published: January 2023

Twice-exceptionality (2e), broadly defined as the co-occurrence of a gift or talent and a disability, has been a part of the educational lexicon since the 1990s, although its empirical backing is limited. We conducted a comprehensive review of the empirical literature on 2e and created a simulation study of 2e. For the latter, we constructed population distribution functions that represent indicators of ability using a range of correlations and identification criteria guided by the reviewed literature. We observed the theoretical occurrence of 2e, even at its most relaxed definitions, to be much rarer than prevailing literature implies (probability = 0.148). As correlations and factor loadings increase, the prevalence estimates of 2e drop considerably. Our results demonstrated the need for a more informed, standardized, and quantifiable approach to the identification of individuals with 2e.
A 3-D micromechanical framework to study damage propagation and failure of printed aligned discontinuous fiber-reinforced composites
Authors: Sepasdar Reza , Niazi Sina , Case Scott W , Shakiba Maryam
Published: January 2023

This paper presents a novel and efficient micromechanical framework for finite element simulation of damage and failure in 3-D printed aligned discontinuous fiber-reinforced composites. The framework can predict the initiation and propagation of different types of damage in the composite under tensile loading along the fibers’ axis. The micromechanical framework includes the microstructural representation of the composite with explicit fibers and matrix in addition to linear expansions at the ends. Accurate constitutive equations are utilized for fibers, matrix, and fiber/matrix interfaces in the microstructural representation. Fibers’ locations and lengths are generated randomly; based on a target distribution for the fibers’ aspect ratios measured experimentally; within the microstructural representation. Optimal microstructural representative dimensions for reliable investigation of the mechanical response are computed by conducting sensitivity analyses. The accuracy of the micromechanical framework is validated versus the experimental results of a 3-D printed aligned discontinuous fiber-reinforced composite as the composite of interest. It is shown that the proposed framework can simulate various aspects of the mechanical response, including the failure pattern and stress-strain behavior. Subsequently, the sensitivity of the mechanical response of the composite to a few constitutive equation-related parameters, including the strength and fracture toughness of the fiber/matrix interfaces and the matrix strength, is investigated. The correlation between the studied parameters and the composite’s strength and failure pattern is also analyzed and discussed. This paper delivers valuable guidance on the mechanical response of printed aligned discontinuous fiber-reinforced composites, eventually resulting in the paradigm-shifting design, manufacturing, and analysis of such advanced composites.
Damage detection in bio-polyamide 11/woven basalt fibres composite laminates subjected to dynamic events
Authors: Epasto Gabriella , Papa Ilaria , Russo Pietro
Published: January 2023

The complexity of the damage behavior of composite materials due to the simultaneous evolution of different mechanisms involving matrixes, reinforcements and interfaces is a topic which, despite decades of knowledge, still requires specific insights and is the subject of a multitude of researches. Recently, with the attention increasingly directed towards biobased raw materials, these aspects have shown a renewed interest, prompting the need for further contributions. In this context, this experimental research work aims to investigate the damage behavior of laminate structures based on a commercial polyamide obtained from castor oil, reinforced with woven basalt fibers. The focus was on samples obtained by hot compaction using two different pressure profiles and subjected to low velocity impacts with different impact energies. Damage analysis was performed on impacted specimens using ultrasonic phased array inspections and pulsed thermography. The non-destructive analysis supported low velocity impact test results, confirming the different contribution of the damage mechanisms involved, as expected from the different level of compaction of the materials, in turn due to diverse manufacturing conditions. This research has emphasized the complementarity and effectiveness of these two non-destructive characterization techniques, providing potentially useable results for the optimal design and manufacturing of biocomposite systems.
Covid-19: Exploring medico-legal perceptions amongst orthopaedic surgeons and lawyers
Authors: Seraj Shaikh S , Khadabadi Nikhil A , Jawaid Anam , Logan Peter C , Moores Thomas S , Hossain Fahad S
Published: January 2023

Introduction

British national guidelines and laws published by the British Orthopaedic Association and the new Coronovirus Act 2020 favoured treatment of trauma and orthopaedic conditions with non-operative alternatives. A survey was developed for both lawyers and trauma and orthopaedic clinicians to gauge their perceptions on guidelines related to protection of trauma and orthopaedic staff, and on prosecution with respect to future claims.

Material and methods

Sixteen questions were designed for surgeons and 11 questions for lawyers. The level of experience and career stages were explored in other questions. A Likert scale (0–5) was used to capture these perceptions.

Results

Clinicians envisaged themselves being less protected (mean = 2.6), forecasted a rise in negligence claims (mean = 3.4) and perceived little additional beneficial indemnity influence from the NHS (mean = 1.8). Lawyers felt that public perception would have more influence in negligence claim rates (mean = 2.6) and disapproved of complete immunity for clinicians (mean = 0.5). Disparities between different trauma and orthopaedic grades demonstrated sentiments of comfort with redeployment, preparedness in non-orthopaedic training and protection from litigation.

Discussion

The results reflected the overall anxiety over litigation reprisal shared amongst trauma and orthopaedic staff. Issues with providing sub-optimal care can worsen this overall fear. Feeling unprotected from litigation reprisal can leave clinicians with an additional sense of emotional and professional burden. Redeployment into unfamiliar environments can leave senior clinicians in limbo in contrast to their juniors.

Conclusion

Non-surgical options to treat orthopaedic conditions affect both patients and trauma and orthopaedic staff. Feedback from lawyers reassures trauma and orthopaedic clinicians that negligence claims should not rise due to the updated national guidelines.
The influence of high molecular weight polyethylene and basalt content on the mechanical risks of protective three-dimensional weft-knitted fabrics designed to wear next to skin
Authors: Krauledaitė Julija , Ancutienė Kristina , Krauledas Sigitas , Urbelis Virginijus , Sacevičienė Virginija
Published: January 2023

This study examines the resistance of three-dimensional (3D) weft-knitted fabrics to mechanical risks to determine the influence of varying percentage contents of high molecular weight polyethylene and basalt on cut, puncture, abrasion, and tear resistance. The three-dimensional weft-knitted fabrics are designed by separating functional layers: the outer (protective) layer contains varying percentage contents of high molecular weight polyethylene and basalt; the inner layer (suitable for contact with the skin) contains polyester; both layers are connected using polyamide. The strength properties of knits in response to mechanical impact were evaluated by performing cut, puncture, abrasion, and tear resistance tests. Basalt was found to improve the cut resistance of knits significantly, even with its content as low as 5% in the outer layer. The knit with the highest high molecular weight polyethylene content in the outer layer demonstrated the best puncture and tear resistance. No correlation was established between the varying percentage contents of high molecular weight polyethylene and basalt and the maximum number of abrasion cycles, as the three-dimensional weft-knitted fabrics showed no noticeable wear. The test results show that the structure of three-dimensional weft-knitted fabric with the outer layer designed to withstand mechanical impact and the inner layer suitable for direct contact with the skin protects against a wide range of mechanical impacts. This applies even when varying percentage contents of high molecular weight polyethylene and basalt are used only in the outer layer.
Aspiration and Self-Realization: The Ameliorative Projects of Steve Biko
Authors: Gray David Miguel
Published: January 2023

Work on the conceptual amelioration of race concepts is usually negative or critical: it uncovers social features that contribute to racial hierarchies. Much less focus has been placed on how ameliorative accounts contribute to positive change. Using an account of race developed by Steve Biko during South African apartheid, I will argue that we can extract a novel account of positive amelioration in which racial categories can have normative or aspirational force, contributing to positive change.
Emerging pediatric visceral leishmaniasis in Kashmir valley: A report of three cases
Authors: Basu Anirban , Saharan Promila , Katoch Ghanshyam Singh , Dash Nabaneeta , Pandiarajan Vignesh , Mewara Abhishek
Published: January 2023

Visceral leishmaniasis is the most severe form of leishmaniasis. There has been an increase in number of cases in the sub-Himalayan regions of India in the past few years. Here we present three pediatric cases diagnosed with visceral leishmaniasis from the region.
Fundamental Rights and Necessary Implication
Authors: Meagher Dan
Published: January 2023

This article traces the manner in which the High Court’s recent legality jurisprudence has applied the ‘modern approach’ to interpretation in the context of fundamental rights. It is an approach which has exerted doctrinal pressure on the iconic and once authoritative conception of legality outlined in Coco v The Queen. Relevantly, the Court’s commitment to contextualism has extended to the interpretation of statutes which, on their ordinary meaning, implicate fundamental rights; and the important doctrinal shift which these cases seem to evidence is that the infringement of fundamental rights by necessary implication no longer has to satisfy the stringent — Coco — test. In Coco, the Court had stated that legality — the fundamental rights presumption — ‘may be displaced by an implication if it is necessary to prevent the statutory provisions from becoming inoperative or meaningless.’
Immigrants and Passive Representation in the U.S. Public Service: 2000-2018
Authors: Simon Christopher A. , Moltz Michael C.
Published: January 2023

Representative bureaucracy has been a prominent construct in U.S. governance literature for more than three quarters of a century. Passive representation is an important first step toward active representation. Using a repeated cross-sectional design, we find that immigrant status and accompanying multigenerational effects impact the likelihood of employment in the public sector. The barrier of immigrant status and multigenerational effects are likely compounded by the educational achievement barrier associated with growing professionalism in the public sector.
Not Like the Rest of Us? How CEO Celebrity Affects Quarterly Earnings Call Language
Authors: Pollock Timothy G. , Ragozzino Roberto , P. Blevins Dane
Published: January 2023

In this study we explore whether celebrity CEOs use certain types of language that affect stakeholders’ perceptions more than noncelebrity CEOs do during earnings calls. We focus specifically on the sociocognitive processes associated with possessing celebrity and how they are likely to influence celebrity CEOs’ language use. We argue that the sociocognitive outcomes associated with the confidence and sense of authority resulting from the CEOs’ celebrity will increase the likelihood they use more relatively positive, concrete, certain, and self-regarding language, all of which can influence stakeholders’ reactions. We also distinguish between A-list and B-list celebrities, and expect greater celebrity will result in greater language attribute use. Based on 8,203 quarterly earnings call transcripts involving celebrity and noncelebrity CEOs, we find general support for our hypotheses. A-list celebrities employ all four language attributes more than both B-list celebrities and noncelebrities, but B-list celebrities differ from noncelebrities only with respect to some language attributes. Our study contributes to the celebrity literature by enhancing our understanding of how achieving celebrity, and the degree of celebrity achieved, affects CEOs’ behaviors. We also contribute to the corporate communications literature by demonstrating how the sociocognitive processes and outcomes associated with CEO celebrity affect language use that can influence stakeholders’ confidence in what the CEO says, even if it reveals no new information.
Amyloid-PET of the white matter: Relationship to free water, fiber integrity, and cognition in patients with dementia and small vessel disease
Authors: Ottoy Julie , Ozzoude Miracle , Zukotynski Katherine , Kang Min Su , Adamo Sabrina , Scott Christopher , Ramirez Joel , Swardfager Walter , Lam Benjamin , Bhan Aparna , Mojiri Parisa , Kiss Alex , Strother Stephen , Bocti Christian , Borrie Michael , Chertkow Howard , Frayne Richard , Hsiung Robin , Laforce Robert Jr , Noseworthy Michael D , Prato Frank S , Sahlas Demetrios J , Smith Eric E , Kuo Phillip H , Chad Jordan A , Pasternak Ofer , Sossi Vesna , Thiel Alexander , Soucy Jean-Paul , Tardif Jean-Claude , Black Sandra E , Goubran Maged ,   for the Medical Imaging Trials Network of Canada (MITNEC) and Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)
Published: January 2023

White matter (WM) injury is frequently observed along with dementia. Positron emission tomography with amyloid-ligands (Aβ-PET) recently gained interest for detecting WM injury. Yet, little is understood about the origin of the altered Aβ-PET signal in WM regions. Here, we investigated the relative contributions of diffusion MRI-based microstructural alterations, including free water and tissue-specific properties, to Aβ-PET in WM and to cognition. We included a unique cohort of 115 participants covering the spectrum of low-to-severe white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden and cognitively normal to dementia. We applied a bi-tensor diffusion-MRI model that differentiates between (i) the extracellular WM compartment (represented via free water), and (ii) the fiber-specific compartment (via free water-adjusted fractional anisotropy [FA]). We observed that, in regions of WMH, a decrease in Aβ-PET related most closely to higher free water and higher WMH volume. In contrast, in normal-appearing WM, an increase in Aβ-PET related more closely to higher cortical Aβ (together with lower free water-adjusted FA). In relation to cognitive impairment, we observed a closer relationship with higher free water than with either free water-adjusted FA or WM PET. Our findings support free water and Aβ-PET as markers of WM abnormalities in patients with mixed dementia, and contribute to a better understanding of processes giving rise to the WM PET signal.
Evaluation of retinal vascular density and related factors using OCTA in children and adolescents with myopia without maculopathy
Authors: Lin Lingli , Zhang Xiaohan , Huang Cuiting , Zhang Zhaode
Published: January 2023

Background

Myopia is the most common ophthalmic condition worldwide with a rapidly increasing prevalence. This study aimed to compare the retinal microvasculature in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) in children and adolescents with mild and moderate/high myopia using optical coherence tomography angiography, determine the relationship between retinal parameters and axial length (AL), and understand the occurrence and progression of myopia in microcirculation.

Methods

This prospective observational study included 39 participants with mild myopia and 33 participants with moderate/high myopia. Vessel density (VD) and perfusion density (PD) in the SCP, the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), and AL were compared between the groups and the relationship between these retinal parameters and AL was assessed.

Results

No difference in SCP VD or PD was observed between the two groups. The FAZ did not differ significantly between groups whereas significant differences in age, height, refractive status, and AL were observed. Significantly shorter AL was observed in participants with mild myopia compared with the moderate/high myopia group. Age was positively correlated with height (r = 0.852) and refractive status was negatively correlated with AL (r = −0.588). AL was positively correlated with VD (r = 0.317) and PD (r = 0.308) in the SCP and AL was negatively correlated with the FAZ (r = −0.434).

Conclusions

This study revealed that superficial foveal microvessel density was unaffected in children and adolescents without pathological myopia. However, myopia progression was associated with a change in AL, and an AL increase altered macular blood flow.
Occurrence of axillary web syndrome without surgical intervention: a case report
Authors: Alharazy Shatha Matoug
Published: January 2023

Axillary web syndrome (AWS) is characterized by the formation of cords in the axilla. Classically, it develops after surgical biopsy or removal of axillary lymph nodes for breast cancer. It can cause a limited range of motion and may contribute to abnormal shoulder movements or patterns that can cause pain. In this report, an atypical case of AWS presented in a 38-year-old male after physical activity but with no surgical history or breast cancer. This case report highlights that AWS can appear in healthy individuals with no history of breast cancer and/or surgical intervention. It also emphasizes the need to consider AWS in clinical practice as a differential diagnosis of painful shoulder movement and restricted range of motion.
Prevalence and treatment of typical and atypical headaches in patients with Chiari I malformation: A meta-analysis and literature review
Authors: He Yunsen , Zhang Mengjun , Huang Caiquan , Qin Xiaohong , Zhang Zhou , Wang Yishuang , Guo Lili , Zheng Qiang , Bao Mingbin , Tao Ye , Wu Bo
Published: January 2023

Objective

A meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the incidence of typical and atypical headaches and outcomes following various treatments in patients with Chiari I malformation.

Background

Headache is the most common symptom of Chiari malformation, which can be divided into typical and atypical subgroups to facilitate management. Much controversy surrounds the etiology, prevalence and optimal therapeutic approach for both types of headaches.

Method

We identified relevant studies published before 30 July 2022, with an electronic search of numerous literature databases. The results of this study were reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.

Result

A total of 1913 Chiari malformation type I CIM patients were identified, 78% of whom presented with headache, within this group cephalgia was typical in 48% and atypical in 29% of patients, and migraine was the most common type of atypical headache. The ratio of typical/atypical headaches with international classification of headache disorders diagnosis was 1.53, and without international classification of headache disorders diagnosis was 1.56, respectively. The pooled improvement rates of typical headaches following conservative treatment, extradural decompression and intradural decompression were 69%, 88%, and 92%, respectively. The corresponding improvement rates for atypical headaches were 70%, 57.47%, and 69%, respectively. The complication rate in extradural decompression group was significantly lower than in intradural decompression group (RR, 0.31; 95% CI: 0.06–1.59, I2 = 50%, P = 0.14). Low reoperation rates were observed for refractory headaches in extradural decompression and intradural decompression groups (1%).

Conclusion

The International Classification of Headache Disorders can assist in screening atypical headaches. extradural decompression is preferred for typical headaches, while conservative therapy is optimal for atypical headaches. A definite correlation exists between atypical headaches and Chiari Malformation Type I patients with higher prevalence than in the general population. Importantly, decompression is effective in relieving headaches in this particular patient population.