bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Key signaling networks are dysregulated in patients with the adipose tissue disorder, lipedema
Authors: Ishaq Musarat , Bandara Nadeeka , Morgan Steven , Nowell Cameron , Mehdi Ahmad M. , Lyu Ruqian , McCarthy Davis , Anderson Dovile , Creek Darren J. , Achen Marc G. , Shayan Ramin , Karnezis Tara
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Lipedema, a poorly understood chronic disease of adipose hyper-deposition, is often mistaken for obesity and causes significant impairment to mobility and quality-of-life. To identify molecular mechanisms underpinning lipedema, we employed comprehensive omics-based comparative analyses of whole tissue, adipocyte precursors (adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs)), and adipocytes from patients with or without lipedema.

Methods

We compared whole-tissues, ADSCs, and adipocytes from body mass index–matched lipedema (n = 14) and unaffected (n = 10) patients using comprehensive global lipidomic and metabolomic analyses, transcriptional profiling, and functional assays.

Results

Transcriptional profiling revealed >4400 significant differences in lipedema tissue, with altered levels of mRNAs involved in critical signaling and cell function-regulating pathways (e.g., lipid metabolism and cell-cycle/proliferation). Functional assays showed accelerated ADSC proliferation and differentiation in lipedema. Profiling lipedema adipocytes revealed >900 changes in lipid composition and >600 differentially altered metabolites. Transcriptional profiling of lipedema ADSCs and non-lipedema ADSCs revealed significant differential expression of >3400 genes including some involved in extracellular matrix and cell-cycle/proliferation signaling pathways. One upregulated gene in lipedema ADSCs, Bub1, encodes a cell-cycle regulator, central to the kinetochore complex, which regulates several histone proteins involved in cell proliferation. Downstream signaling analysis of lipedema ADSCs demonstrated enhanced activation of histone H2A, a key cell proliferation driver and Bub1 target. Critically, hyperproliferation exhibited by lipedema ADSCs was inhibited by the small molecule Bub1 inhibitor 2OH-BNPP1 and by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Bub1 gene depletion.

Conclusion

We found significant differences in gene expression, and lipid and metabolite profiles, in tissue, ADSCs, and adipocytes from lipedema patients compared to non-affected controls. Functional assays demonstrated that dysregulated Bub1 signaling drives increased proliferation of lipedema ADSCs, suggesting a potential mechanism for enhanced adipogenesis in lipedema. Importantly, our characterization of signaling networks driving lipedema identifies potential molecular targets, including Bub1, for novel lipedema therapeutics.
Nd:YAG capsulotomy incidence associated with five different single-piece monofocal intraocular lenses: a 3-year Spanish real-world evidence study of 8293 eyes
Authors: Belda José I. , Dabán Javier Placeres , Elvira Juan Carlos , O’Boyle Derek , Puig Xavier , Pérez-Vives Caridad , Zou Ming , Sun Shaohui
Published: November 2021

Objectives

To investigate the associations between different single-piece monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) and neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser (Nd:YAG) capsulotomy incidence 3 years after cataract surgery in a Spanish cohort.

Methods

This is a longitudinal retrospective cohort study. Data were extracted from the electronic medical records of two large regional hospitals in Spain. Patients aged ≥65 years receiving cataract surgery with placement of five different IOLs and with ≥6 months of baseline data were included. We report the Nd:YAG capsulotomy incidence 3 years post cataract surgery, and the survival plot over the 3 years of follow-up time. The associated adjusted (age, gender, and diabetic retinopathy) multivariate analysis with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs is also presented.

Results

The cohort (53% female, mean age 75 ± 5.9 years) included 14,519 eyes (Alcon AcrySof = 2968, AJL LLASY60 = 1776, Medicontur Bi-flex = 5176, Zeiss Asphina = 4478, and IOL Tech Stabibag = 121). Of these, 8293 were retained until 3-year follow-up. At 3 years after cataract surgery, the Nd:YAG capsulotomy incidence was 5% for Alcon AcrySof, while it ranged from 21.2% to 31.1% for the other IOLs (p < 0.0001 for each comparison). The odds for Nd:YAG capsulotomy were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) for other IOLs compared with those of Alcon AcrySof (ORs = 8.85, 5.86, 5.74, 5.21 for AJL LLASY60, Medicontur Bi-flex, IOL Tech Stabibag, and Zeiss Asphina, respectively).

Conclusions

The lower Nd:YAG capsulotomy rates for Alcon AcrySof IOLs compared to the other IOLs support the importance of lens choice in reducing patient burden and treatment costs.
String Phase in an Artificial Spin Ice
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Duzgun Ayhan , Lao Yuyang , Subzwari Shayaan , Bingham Nicholas S. , Sklenar Joseph , Saglam Hilal , Ramberger Justin , Batley Joseph T. , Watts Justin D. , Bromley Daniel , Chopdekar Rajesh V. , O’Brien Liam , Leighton Chris , Nisoli Cristiano , Schiffer Peter
Published: November 2021

One-dimensional strings of local excitations are a fascinating feature of the physical behavior of strongly correlated topological quantum matter. Here we study strings of local excitations in a classical system of interacting nanomagnets, the Santa Fe Ice geometry of artificial spin ice. We measured the moment configuration of the nanomagnets, both after annealing near the ferromagnetic Curie point and in a thermally dynamic state. While the Santa Fe Ice lattice structure is complex, we demonstrate that its disordered magnetic state is naturally described within a framework of emergent strings. We show experimentally that the string length follows a simple Boltzmann distribution with an energy scale that is associated with the system’s magnetic interactions and is consistent with theoretical predictions. The results demonstrate that string descriptions and associated topological characteristics are not unique to quantum models but can also provide a simplifying description of complex classical systems with non-trivial frustration.
Deciphering cell lineage specification of human lung adenocarcinoma with single-cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Wang Zhoufeng , Li Zhe , Zhou Kun , Wang Chengdi , Jiang Lili , Zhang Li , Yang Ying , Luo Wenxin , Qiao Wenliang , Wang Gang , Ni Yinyun , Dai Shuiping , Guo Tingting , Ji Guiyi , Xu Minjie , Liu Yiying , Su Zhixi , Che Guowei , Li Weimin
Published: November 2021

Lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) arise from precancerous lesions such as atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, which progress into adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, then finally into invasive adenocarcinoma. The cellular heterogeneity and molecular events underlying this stepwise progression remain unclear. In this study, we perform single-cell RNA sequencing of 268,471 cells collected from 25 patients in four histologic stages of LUAD and compare them to normal cell types. We detect a group of cells closely resembling alveolar type 2 cells (AT2) that emerged during atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and whose transcriptional profile began to diverge from that of AT2 cells as LUAD progressed, taking on feature characteristic of stem-like cells. We identify genes related to energy metabolism and ribosome synthesis that are upregulated in early stages of LUAD and may promote progression. MDK and TIMP1 could be potential biomarkers for understanding LUAD pathogenesis. Our work shed light on the underlying transcriptional signatures of distinct histologic stages of LUAD progression and our findings may facilitate early diagnosis.
Evidence for spin current driven Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons
Authors: Divinskiy B. , Merbouche H. , Demidov V. E. , Nikolaev K. O. , Soumah L. , Gouéré D. , Lebrun R. , Cros V. , Youssef Jamal Ben , Bortolotti P. , Anane A. , Demokritov S. O.
Published: November 2021

The quanta of magnetic excitations – magnons – are known for their unique ability to undergo Bose-Einstein condensation at room temperature. This fascinating phenomenon reveals itself as a spontaneous formation of a coherent state under the influence of incoherent stimuli. Spin currents have been predicted to offer electronic control of Bose-Einstein condensates, but this phenomenon has not been experimentally evidenced up to now. Here we show that current-driven Bose-Einstein condensation can be achieved in nanometer-thick films of magnetic insulators with tailored nonlinearities and minimized magnon interactions. We demonstrate that, above a certain threshold, magnons injected by the spin current overpopulate the lowest-energy level forming a highly coherent spatially extended state. We quantify the chemical potential of the driven magnon gas and show that, at the critical current, it reaches the energy of the lowest magnon level. Our results pave the way for implementation of integrated microscopic quantum magnonic and spintronic devices.
Structural ceramic batteries using an earth-abundant inorganic waterglass binder
Authors: Ransil Alan , Belcher Angela M.
Published: November 2021

Sodium trisilicate waterglass is an earth-abundant inorganic adhesive which binds to diverse materials and exhibits extreme chemical and temperature stability. Here we demonstrate the use of this material as an electrode binder in a lay-up based manufacturing system to produce structural batteries. While conventional binders for structural batteries exhibit a trade-off between mechanical and electrochemical performance, the waterglass binder is rigid, adhesive, and facilitates ion transport. The bulk binder maintains a Young’s modulus of >50 GPa in the presence of electrolyte solvent while waterglass-based electrodes have high rate capability and stable discharge capacity over hundreds of electrochemical cycles. The temperature stability of the binder enables heat treatment of the full cell stack following lay-up shaping in order to produce a rigid, load-bearing part. The resulting structural batteries exhibit impressive multifunctional performance with a package free cell stack-level energy density of 93.9 Wh/kg greatly surpassing previously published structural battery materials, and a tensile modulus of 1.4 GPa.
Distinct RPA domains promote recruitment and the helicase-nuclease activities of Dna2
Authors: Acharya Ananya , Kasaciunaite Kristina , Göse Martin , Kissling Vera , Guérois Raphaël , Seidel Ralf , Cejka Petr
Published: November 2021

The Dna2 helicase-nuclease functions in concert with the replication protein A (RPA) in DNA double-strand break repair. Using ensemble and single-molecule biochemistry, coupled with structure modeling, we demonstrate that the stimulation of S. cerevisiae Dna2 by RPA is not a simple consequence of Dna2 recruitment to single-stranded DNA. The large RPA subunit Rfa1 alone can promote the Dna2 nuclease activity, and we identified mutations in a helix embedded in the N-terminal domain of Rfa1 that specifically disrupt this capacity. The same RPA mutant is instead fully functional to recruit Dna2 and promote its helicase activity. Furthermore, we found residues located on the outside of the central DNA-binding OB-fold domain Rfa1-A, which are required to promote the Dna2 motor activity. Our experiments thus unexpectedly demonstrate that different domains of Rfa1 regulate Dna2 recruitment, and its nuclease and helicase activities. Consequently, the identified separation-of-function RPA variants are compromised to stimulate Dna2 in the processing of DNA breaks. The results explain phenotypes of replication-proficient but radiation-sensitive RPA mutants and illustrate the unprecedented functional interplay of RPA and Dna2.
Discovery of putative tumor suppressors from CRISPR screens reveals rewired lipid metabolism in acute myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Lenoir W. Frank , Morgado Micaela , DeWeirdt Peter C. , McLaughlin Megan , Griffith Audrey L. , Sangree Annabel K. , Feeley Marissa N. , Esmaeili Anvar Nazanin , Kim Eiru , Bertolet Lori L. , Colic Medina , Dede Merve , Doench John G. , Hart Traver
Published: November 2021

CRISPR knockout fitness screens in cancer cell lines reveal many genes whose loss of function causes cell death or loss of fitness or, more rarely, the opposite phenotype of faster proliferation. Here we demonstrate a systematic approach to identify these proliferation suppressors, which are highly enriched for tumor suppressor genes, and define a network of 145 such genes in 22 modules. One module contains several elements of the glycerolipid biosynthesis pathway and operates exclusively in a subset of acute myeloid leukemia cell lines. The proliferation suppressor activity of genes involved in the synthesis of saturated fatty acids, coupled with a more severe loss of fitness phenotype for genes in the desaturation pathway, suggests that these cells operate at the limit of their carrying capacity for saturated fatty acids, which we confirm biochemically. Overexpression of this module is associated with a survival advantage in juvenile leukemias, suggesting a clinically relevant subtype.
Circulating tumor DNA-guided treatment with pertuzumab plus trastuzumab for HER2-amplified metastatic colorectal cancer: a phase 2 trial
Authors: Nakamura Yoshiaki , Okamoto Wataru , Kato Takeshi , Esaki Taito , Kato Ken , Komatsu Yoshito , Yuki Satoshi , Masuishi Toshiki , Nishina Tomohiro , Ebi Hiromichi , Sawada Kentaro , Taniguchi Hiroya , Fuse Nozomu , Nomura Shogo , Fukui Makoto , Matsuda Seiko , Sakamoto Yasutoshi , Uchigata Hiroshi , Kitajima Kana , Kuramoto Naomi , Asakawa Takashi , Olsen Steve , Odegaard Justin I. , Sato Akihiro , Fujii Satoshi , Ohtsu Atsushi , Yoshino Takayuki
Published: November 2021

The applicability of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) genotyping to inform enrollment of patients with cancer in clinical trials has not been established. We conducted a phase 2 trial to evaluate the efficacy of pertuzumab plus trastuzumab for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplification prospectively confirmed by tumor tissue or ctDNA analysis (UMIN000027887). HER2 amplification was confirmed in tissue and/or ctDNA in 30 patients with mCRC. The study met the primary endpoint with a confirmed objective response rate of 30% in 27 tissue-positive patients and 28% in 25 ctDNA-positive patients, as compared to an objective response rate of 0% in a matched real-world reference population treated with standard-of-care salvage therapy. Post hoc exploratory analyses revealed that baseline ctDNA genotyping of HER2 copy number and concurrent oncogenic alterations adjusted for tumor fraction stratified patients according to efficacy with similar accuracy to tissue genotyping. Decreased ctDNA fraction 3 weeks after treatment initiation associated with therapeutic response. Pertuzumab plus trastuzumab showed similar efficacy in patients with mCRC with HER2 amplification in tissue or ctDNA, showing that ctDNA genotyping can identify patients who benefit from dual-HER2 blockade as well as monitor treatment response. These findings warrant further use of ctDNA genotyping in clinical trials for HER2-amplified mCRC, which might especially benefit patients in first-line treatment.
The MRI-based 3D morphologic changes of knee meniscus under knee weight-bearing and early flexion conditions
Authors: Liu Tong , Shen Xianyue , Ji Qingming , Xiao Jianlin , Zuo Jianlin , Gao Zhongli
Published: November 2021

There are few studies investigate morphologic changes of knee meniscus in vivo mechanical loading and three-dimensions (3D) deformation and displacement of the whole meniscus between in vivo mechanical loading and unloading conditions are still unclear. To investigate the displacements and 3D morphological changes of the menisci under knee weight-bearing and early flexion conditions in healthy adults using a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-compatible loading device (a 3.0 T MR imaging system) combined with a newly developed 3D comparison technique. Fifteen healthy volunteers were recruited in this cross-sectional observational study. Each subject underwent MRIs of their dominant right knee in eight different scanning conditions using a 3.0-T MRI scanner with a custom-made MRI-compatible loading device. The knee meniscus images were 3D reconstructed, and dimensional comparisons were made for each meniscal model with baseline (0°-unloaded model). The morphologic changes of the meniscal-anterior horn (AH), body (BD), and posterior horn (PH) regions were expressed as mean positive and negative deviations. The displacements were further investigated, and the meniscal extrusions of different subregions were measured. The morphologic changing patterns of human meniscus under loading and flexions were presented using 3D chromatic maps. The bilateral menisci were generally shifting laterally and posteriorly in most flexion angles and were changing medially and anteriorly under fully extended knee loading conditions. The mean deviations were more significant with loading at 0° of knee flexion, while the PH region in the lateral side changed further posteriorly with loading in 30° flexion. Most of the differences were not significant in other flexion angles between loading conditions. The extrusion of meniscus’s medial body was greater in full extension compared to any other flexing angles. Mechanical loading can significantly deform the menisci in knee extension; however, this effect is limited during knee flexion. Current study can be used as a reference for the evaluations of the integrity in meniscal functions.
Rapid characterization of feline leukemia virus infective stages by a novel nested recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and reverse transcriptase-RPA
Authors: Lacharoje Sitthichok , Techangamsuwan Somporn , Chaichanawongsaroj Nuntaree
Published: November 2021

Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a major viral disease in cats, causing leukemia and lymphoma. The molecular detection of FeLV RNA and the DNA provirus are important for staging of the disease. However, the rapid immunochromatographic assay commonly used for antigen detection can only detect viremia at the progressive stage. In this study, nested recombinase polymerase amplification (nRPA) was developed for exogenous FeLV DNA provirus detection, and reverse transcriptase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) was developed for the detection of FeLV RNA. The approaches were validated using 108 cats with clinicopathologic abnormalities due to FeLV infection, and from 14 healthy cats in a vaccination plan. The nRPA and RT-RPA assays could rapidly amplify the FeLV template, and produced high sensitivity and specificity. The FeLV detection rate in regression cats by nRPA was increased up to 45.8% compared to the rapid immunochromatographic assay. Hence, FeLV diagnosis using nRPA and RT-RPA are rapid and easily established in low resource settings, benefiting FeLV prognosis, prevention, and control of both horizontal and vertical transmission.
Arsenite exposure inhibits the erythroid differentiation of human hematopoietic progenitor CD34+ cells and causes decreased levels of hemoglobin
Authors: Wan Guanghua , Medina Sebastian , Zhang Haikun , Pan Rong , Zhou Xixi , Bolt Alicia M. , Luo Li , Burchiel Scott W. , Liu Ke Jian
Published: November 2021

Arsenic exposure poses numerous threats to human health. Our previous work in mice has shown that arsenic causes anemia by inhibiting erythropoiesis. However, the impacts of arsenic exposure on human erythropoiesis remain largely unclear. We report here that low-dose arsenic exposure inhibits the erythroid differentiation of human hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). The impacts of arsenic (in the form of arsenite; As3+) on red blood cell (RBC) development was evaluated using a long-term culture of normal human bone marrow CD34+-HPCs stimulated in vitro to undergo erythropoiesis. Over the time course studied, we analyzed the expression of the cell surface antigens CD34, CD71 and CD235a, which are markers commonly used to monitor the progression of HPCs through the stages of erythropoiesis. Simultaneously, we measured hemoglobin content, which is an important criterion used clinically for diagnosing anemia. As compared to control, low-dose As3+ exposure (100 nM and 500 nM) inhibited the expansion of CD34+-HPCs over the time course investigated; decreased the number of committed erythroid progenitors (BFU-E and CFU-E) and erythroblast differentiation in the subsequent stages; and caused a reduction of hemoglobin content. These findings demonstrate that low-dose arsenic exposure impairs human erythropoiesis, likely by combined effects on various stages of RBC formation.
Dynamics of cortical oxygenation during immediate adaptation to extrauterine life
Authors: Leroy Léa , Mahmoudzadeh Mahdi , Gondry Jean , Foulon Arthur , Wallois Fabrice
Published: November 2021

The neonatal transition involves physiological modifications as a consequence of the complexity of the perinatal period. Various strategies can be used to attain the same level of postnatal cerebral oxygenation, depending on the status of the infant at birth. We evaluated such strategies by recording 20 full-term newborns by near-infrared spectroscopy during the first 10 min of life. The acid–base status at birth revealed two clustered profiles of cerebral oxygenation dynamics. Lower pH and base excess and higher lactate levels were associated with more rapid attainment of the 95% maximal tissue oxygenation index value. These results suggest that metabolic mechanisms drive initial cerebral oxygenation dynamics during this critical period. These results confirm the capacity of newborns to develop multiple strategies to protect the brain.
The physiological response of different tobacco varieties to chilling stress during the vigorous growing period
Authors: Gu Kaiyuan , Hou Shuang , Chen Jinfen , Guo Jinge , Wang Fenfen , He Chenggang , Zou Congming , Xie Xiaoyu
Published: November 2021

Tobacco is be sensitively affected by chilling injury in the vigorous growth period, which can easily lead to tobacco leaf browning during flue-curing and quality loss, however, the physiological response of tobacco in the prosperous period under low temperature stress is unclear. The physiological response parameters of two tobacco varieties to low temperature stress were determined. The main results were as follows: ① For tobacco in the vigorous growing period subjected to low-temperature stress at 4–16 °C, the tissue structure of chloroplast changed and photosynthetic pigments significantly decreased compared with each control with the increase of intensity of low-temperature stress. ② For tobacco in the vigorous growing period at 10–16 °C, antioxidant capacity of the protective enzyme system, osmotic adjustment capacity of the osmotic adjusting system and polyphenol metabolism in plants gradually increased due to induction of low temperature with the increase of intensity of low-temperature stress. ③ Under low-temperature stress at 4 °C, the protective enzyme system, osmotic adjusting system and polyphenol metabolism of the plants played an insignificant role in stress tolerance, which cannot be constantly enhanced based on low-temperature resistance at 10 °C. This study confirmed that under the temperature stress of 10–16 °C, the self-regulation ability of tobacco will be enhanced with the deepening of low temperature stress, but there is a critical temperature between 4 and 10 °C. The self-regulation ability of plants under low temperature stress will be inhibited.
Beyond livestock carrying capacity in the Sahelian and Sudanian zones of West Africa
Authors: Rahimi Jaber , Haas Edwin , Grote Rüdiger , Kraus David , Smerald Andrew , Laux Patrick , Goopy John , Butterbach-Bahl Klaus
Published: November 2021

We applied the process-based model, LandscapeDNDC, to estimate feed availability in the Sahelian and Sudanian agro-ecological zones of West Africa as a basis for calculating the regional Livestock Carrying Capacity (LCC). Comparison of the energy supply (S) from feed resources, including natural pasture, browse, and crop residues, with energy demand (D) of the livestock population for the period 1981–2020 allowed us to assess regional surpluses (S > D) or deficits (S < D) in feed availability. We show that in the last 40 years a large-scale shift from surplus to deficit has occurred. While during 1981–1990 only 27% of the area exceeded the LCC, it was 72% for the period 2011–2020. This was caused by a reduction in the total feed supply of ~ 8% and an increase in feed demand of ~ 37% per-decade, driven by climate change and increased livestock population, respectively. Overall, the S/D decreased from ~ 2.6 (surplus) in 1981 to ~ 0.5 (deficit) in 2019, with a north–south gradient of increasing S/D. As climate change continues and feed availability may likely further shrink, pastoralists either need to source external feed or significantly reduce livestock numbers to avoid overgrazing, land degradation, and any further conflicts for resources.
A Majorana perspective on understanding and identifying axion insulators
Authors: Yan Qing , Li Hailong , Zeng Jiang , Sun Qing-Feng , Xie X. C.
Published: November 2021

An axion insulator is theoretically introduced to harbor unique surface states with half-integer Chern number $${{{{{{{\mathcal{C}}}}}}}}$$
C
. Recently, experimental progress has been made in different candidate systems, while a unique Hall response to directly reflect the half-integer Chern number is still lacking to distinguish an axion state from other possible insulators. Here we show that the $${{{{{{{\mathcal{C}}}}}}}}=\frac{1}{2}$$
C
=

1

2

axion state corresponds to a topological state with Chern number $${{{{{{{\mathcal{N}}}}}}}}=1$$
N
=
1
in the Majorana basis. In proximity to an s − wave superconductor, a topological phase transition to an $${{{{{{{\mathcal{N}}}}}}}}=0$$
N
=
0
phase takes place at critical superconducting pairing strength. Our theoretical analysis shows that a chiral Majorana hinge mode emerges at the boundary of $${{{{{{{\mathcal{N}}}}}}}}=1$$
N
=
1
and $${{{{{{{\mathcal{N}}}}}}}}=0$$
N
=
0
regions on the surface of an axion insulator. Furthermore, we propose a half-integer quantized thermal Hall conductance via a thermal transport measurement, which is a signature of the gapless chiral Majorana mode and thus confirms the $${{{{{{{\mathcal{C}}}}}}}}=\frac{1}{2}$$
C
=

1

2

($${{{{{{{\mathcal{N}}}}}}}}=1$$
N
=
1
) topological nature of an axion state. Our proposals help to theoretically comprehend and experimentally identify the axion insulator and may benefit the research of topological quantum computation.
Lunar-like silicate material forms the Earth quasi-satellite (469219) 2016 HO3 Kamoʻoalewa
Authors: Sharkey Benjamin N. L. , Reddy Vishnu , Malhotra Renu , Thirouin Audrey , Kuhn Olga , Conrad Albert , Rothberg Barry , Sanchez Juan A. , Thompson David , Veillet Christian
Published: November 2021

Little is known about Earth quasi-satellites, a class of near-Earth small solar system bodies that orbit the sun but remain close to the Earth, because they are faint and difficult to observe. Here we use the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) and the Lowell Discovery Telescope (LDT) to conduct a comprehensive physical characterization of quasi-satellite (469219) Kamoʻoalewa and assess its affinity with other groups of near-Earth objects. We find that (469219) Kamoʻoalewa rotates with a period of 28.3 (+1.8/−1.3) minutes and displays a reddened reflectance spectrum from 0.4–2.2 microns. This spectrum is indicative of a silicate-based composition, but with reddening beyond what is typically seen amongst asteroids in the inner solar system. We compare the spectrum to those of several material analogs and conclude that the best match is with lunar-like silicates. This interpretation implies extensive space weathering and raises the prospect that Kamo’oalewa could comprise lunar material.
Reversing tumor multidrug resistance with a catalytically active covalent organic framework
Authors: Gao Peng , Zheng Teng , Cui Bingjie , Liu Xiaohan , Pan Wei , Li Na , Tang Bo
Published: November 2021

A catalytically active nanoscale covalent organic framework based on Fe-porphyrin was developed for reversing tumor multi-drug resistance.
Unexpected Diels–Alder reaction of [60]fullerene with electron-deficient ferrocenes as cyclopentadiene surrogates
Authors: Liu Zhan , Yin Zheng-Chun , Lu Wen-Qiang , Zhou Dian-Bing , Wang Guan-Wu
Published: November 2021

Unexpected Diels–Alder reaction of [60]fullerene with ferrocenes bearing electron-withdrawing groups as cyclopentadiene surrogates in the presence of an oxidant and acid selectively provides single isomers of [2 + 4] cycloadducts.
High-level ab initio quartic force fields and spectroscopic characterization of C2N−
Authors: Rocha C. M. R. , Linnartz H.
Published: November 2021

By relying on a high-level composite energy scheme, we report accurate quartic force fields and spectroscopic attributes for C2N−. The results are expected to trigger future laboratory and astronomical line surveys on this nitrile anion.
Efficient diffusion of superdense lithium via atomic channels for dendrite-free lithium–metal batteries
Authors: Zhou Shiyuan , Chen Weixin , Shi Jie , Li Gen , Pei Fei , Liu Sangui , Ye Weibin , Xiao Liangping , Wang Ming-Sheng , Wang Dan , Qiao Yu , Huang Ling , Xu Gui-Liang , Liao Hong-Gang , Chen Jian-Feng , Amine Khalil , Sun Shi-Gang
Published: November 2021

A novel concept of atomic channels within bulk graphite is proposed for the fast diffusion of multi-layered close-packed Li. The feasibility of bulk-diffusion of superdense Li have been verified in the dendrite-free Li metal batteries.
Silicon acid batteries enabled by a copper catalysed electrochemo-mechanical process
Authors: Tao Yaquan , Zhou Qiyuan , Cai Chengjie , Song Chunyuan , Li Hai , Huang Xiao , Yang Lijun , Huang Wei , Li Shaozhou
Published: November 2021

Although silicon exhibits outstanding charge storage capacity during its electrochemical oxidation, utilization of this process in battery applications is fundamentally hindered by its propensity to form a passivated oxide layer on the surface.
Correction: Hepatoprotective effect of piceatannol against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice
Authors: Hung Wei-Lun , Hsiao Yi-Ting , Chiou Yi-Shiou , Nagabhushanam Kalyanam , Ho Chi-Tang , Pan Min-Hsiung
Published: November 2021

Correction for ‘Hepatoprotective effect of piceatannol against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice’ by Wei-Lun Hung et al., Food Funct., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/D1FO02545G.
Choosing the right strategy: cryogrinding vs. ball milling – comparing apples to apples
Authors: Shamshina Julia L. , Stein Robin S. , Abidi Noureddine
Published: November 2021

Despite many reports on ball milling (BM) of chitin, the effect of cryomilling of chitin has not yet been reported, even though it is a solventless and environmentally-friendly method for the processing of chitin polymer.
Interfacing droplet microfluidics with antibody barcodes for multiplexed single-cell protein secretion profiling
Authors: Khajvand Tahereh , Huang Peifeng , Li Linmei , Zhang Mingxia , Zhu Fengjiao , Xu Xing , Huang Mengjiao , Yang Chaoyong , Lu Yao , Zhu Zhi
Published: November 2021

Multiplexed single-cell protein secretion profiling has been realized on an integrated microfluidic platform. The secreted proteins from each individual cell are captured by specific pre-patterned antibody sites and detected by off-chip ELISA.
Lowering the C–H bond activation barrier of methane by means of SAC@Cu(111): periodic DFT investigations
Authors: Bhati Meema , Dhumal Jignesh , Joshi Kavita
Published: November 2021

Methane has long been in the world's spotlight as the simplest yet one of the most notorious hydrocarbons; here, we study the efficiency of single-atom catalysts (SACs) for methane activation using density functional theory (DFT).
Catalytic degradation of methylene blue using iron and nitrogen-containing carbon dots as Fenton-like catalysts
Authors: Beker Sabrina A. , Khudur Leadin S. , Cole Ivan , Ball Andrew S.
Published: November 2021

Carbon dots were modified with iron and nitrogen groups to produce specific surface groups and charge which demonstrated high efficiency for the Fenton-like degradation of methylene blue whilst markedly minimising its effluent toxicity.
Dynamics of the nanocrystal structure and composition in growth solutions monitored byin situlab-scale X-ray diffraction
Authors: Fridman Helena , Volokh Michael , Mokari Taleb
Published: November 2021

Nanocrystal growth dynamics are investigated by a novel approach: real-time observation of nanocrystals in growth solutions using lab-scalein situX-ray diffraction. The method reveals the evolution of crystal phase, size, shape, and composition.
Clinical Case Study: Muscle Tension Dysphonia
Authors: Shembel Adrianna C. , Atkinson Cory , Childs Lesley
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

The purpose of this problem-based learning case study is to review and interact with a clinical case involving a patient diagnosed with muscle tension dysphonia. Included in the case study is a case history, a voice sample, and a laryngeal exam.

Conclusions:

The case study provides an opportunity to practice conducting an auditory-perceptual assessment and acoustic voice assessment on the provided voice sample. The case study also provides the opportunity to rate endoscopic and stroboscopic parameters on the laryngeal exam.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16799641
High precision positioning algorithm based on carrier phase and time of arrival
Authors: Zhang Zhenyu , Kang Shaoli , Zhang Xiang
Published: November 2021

Carrier phase positioning technology is widely used in global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) but not applied to wireless orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) systems. Carrier phase technology has a high resolution, which can improve the positioning accuracy of wireless cellular networks. Applying the carrier phase to a wireless mobile positioning system has some problems, such as continuous phase tracking, accurate integer ambiguity resolution, positioning errors caused by non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) and so forth. This paper offers a positioning technique combining the time‐of‐arrival (TOA) and carrier phase to solve the above problems. Based on Bayesian theory, a two‐step position estimator is introduced in our scheme to solve the terminal position. Besides, an NLOS identification and suppression scheme is proposed to enhance the robustness of the algorithm. Experiments show that even in the NLOS environment, the joint positioning algorithm using TOA and carrier phase can effectively improve the positioning accuracy.
Method for quantitative assessment of transformer oil‐paper insulation non‐uniform ageing parameters based on frequency domain dielectric response
Authors: Zhang Mingze , Li Lu , Liu Heqian , Jia Haifeng , Liu Ji , Meng Fanhao
Published: November 2021

The stable operation of transformers is an important guarantee of power system security. The temperature distribution of main insulation is different in long‐term operation. The temperature difference between the local hottest spot temperature and the average oil temperature in the transformer exceeds 30 K. Therefore, the oil‐paper insulation inside the transformer will exhibit non‐uniform ageing after long‐term operation. At present, frequency domain dielectric response (FDS) technology is widely used in transformer ageing assessment. However, the existing assessment methods are only used for overall insulation ageing assessment. The average moisture content and polymerization degree of the overall insulation between each phase winding are obtained. But it still cannot be used to assess the non‐uniform ageing of the transformer's main insulation. The radial, axial, and two directions non‐uniform ageing models have been made in the laboratory in this study. The FDS and physicochemical properties of non‐uniform ageing models were tested. The variation law of FDS for non‐uniform ageing models was analysed. Meanwhile, the dielectric relaxation model of non‐uniform ageing for main insulation was established. The method of frequency division iterative calculation was proposed. Combined with the Fessler moisture balance formula of ageing oil‐paper insulation, the quantitative assessment method for ageing parameters of the non‐uniform ageing model can be realized. Compared the calculated results with the chemical analysis results, the relative error of the polymerization degree calculation is less than 4%, and the error of the moisture content calculation is less than 0.3%. The calculation results can meet the needs of the engineering apply. Therefore, this method can realize the quantitative assessment of transformer main insulation ageing, which is of great significance to assess the transformer insulation state.
Influence of Thermal and Morphological Behaviour on Biomass Waste Materials during Pyrolysis
Authors: Suman Swapan , Kumar Rai Santosh , Mohan Yadav Anand , Bhushan Awani , Tomar Nomendra , Kumar Singh Rajneesh , Ali SK Ansar , Kumar Mishra Anuj
Published: November 2021

Aim of this study to investigate the thermal and morphological behaviour of different types of biomass feedstock. For investigation of thermal behaviour we used thermo-gravimetric (TG) analysis and derivative thermo-gravimetric (DTG) analysis. The biomass feedstocks were conceded out under vigorous conditions using nitrogen gas at specific heating rates to gradient the temperature from 25°C to 1000°C. The derivative thermo-gravimetric (DTG) results show that thermal decomposition on these feedstocks. First-order reaction model were used to determine the kinetics parameters for the pyrolysis of biomass wastes. This study used Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) to observe surface morphology properties of the different biomass wastes. The FE-SEM images showed that clearly retained the fibrous structures in the biomass wastes and were rich in macro-pores.
Flow patterns of non-Newtonian nanofluid flow in cylindrical enclosure with rotating endwall: Effects of nanoparticles concentration
Authors: Ragueb Haroun , Lamraoui Hanan , Himrane Nabil , Manser Belkacem , Mansouri Kacem
Published: November 2021

In this paper, a numerical study on the flow structure of non-Newtonian nanofluid in cylindrical enclosure with rotating end wall. The considered nanofluid, MWCNT-water, exhibits a strong power-law shear-thinning behavior with the increase in nanoparticles loading. The main focus in this study is the effect of nanoparticles concentration on the vortex breakdown phenomenon. The simulation results showed that adding a small amount of nanoparticle eliminate the vortex breakdown which is considered as a positive in mixing process. However, the increase in nanoparticles concentration as well as the enclosure aspect ratio promotes the apparition of secondary recirculation zone and stagnation zone.
A reduced-order method with PGD for the analysis of misaligned journal bearing
Authors: Megdoud Abdelhak , Manser Belkacem , Belaidi Idir , Bakir Farid , Khelladi Sofiane
Published: November 2021

In recent years, machine component design has been a major concern for researchers. Emphasis has been placed especially on the analysis of bearing systems in order to avoid detrimental contact. The shaft misalignment is one of the most problems that affects directly the operating conditions of these components. In this context, the present study proposes a reduced-order method "Proper Generalized Decomposition" (PGD) using the separation technique through the alternating direction strategy to solve the modified Reynolds equation, taking into account the presence of misalignment in the shafting system. The solution shows the representation of two types of misalignment geometry, especially axial and twisting. A comparison of the results between the proposed approach and the classical method, through several benchmark examples, made it possible to highlight that the new scheme is more efficient, converges quickly and provides accurate solutions, with a very low CPU time expenditure.
Experimental and CFD modelling of a Progressive Cavity Pump using overset unstructured mesh
Authors: Becerra Deisy , Asuaje Miguel , Zambrano Alexander , Ratkovich Nicolás
Published: November 2021

A Progressive Cavity Pump (PCP) is widely used in industry as an artificial lift method because of its high efficiency during the pumping of high viscosity fluids and two-phase liquid-gas flow slurries. However, modelling PCP through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is quite complicated since it requires a meshing algorithm and is computationally expensive. Therefore, this study's main objective is to develop a CFD model capable of predicting a progressive cavity pump's behavior by implementing the Overset Mesh, which includes the relative motion between the rotor and the stator. Overset meshes are used to discretize a computational domain with several different meshes that arbitrarily overlap each other. They are most useful because the rotor geometry can be enclosed in a fluid (background) region and set to different positions. The PCP analyzed in this study is a GRP 4.0-4000 208 TSL 1-2 mono-lobe, which contains an API J55 stainless steel rotor and stator handling four Newtonian fluids (water, oil API 11, oil API 22, and oil API 31) at three rotational speeds (100 rpm, 150 rpm, and 200 rpm). The experimental data presented in this paper was collected in the PCP experimental facility of the SLACOL BCP Group (Tenjo, Colombia). All the measurements were made using the CILA2S controller for artificial lifting in the underground and on the surface to determine the operational curves of flowrate, volumetric efficiency, torque, and power consumed. The CFD model implementation was developed on Star- CCM+ version 15.02-R8 of 2020 for laminar and turbulent regimens. The results obtained through this study show that it is unnecessary to program a structured mesh to capture a progressive cavity pump's performance since the operational parameters evaluated to have an accuracy of 10% concerning the experimental data.Similarly, capturing the viscous effect near the wall and the transversal y horizontal slip inside the cavities is possible. The flow rate obtained for higher viscosity oils is more significant for the same pressure differences for water with average volumetric efficiencies of 85%. Finally, the pressure increase per stage is homogeneous along the pump's entire length for all fluids evaluated
Sensitivity analysis of heat transfers in an asymmetrically heated turbulent channel flow
Authors: David Martin , Toutant Adrien , Bataille Françoise
Published: November 2021

A sensitivity analysis of heat transfers in an asymmetrically heated turbulent channel flow is performed using a dedicated heat transfer correlation. The investigated correlation is developed to study the heat transfers between the fluid and the wall in gas-pressurized solar receivers of concentrated solar power tower. The working conditions correspond to high-temperature levels and high heat fluxes. The correlation of the Nusselt number depends on five parameters: the Reynolds number, the Prandtl number, the fluid temperature, the hot and cold wall temperatures. We investigate the sensitivity of the heat flux to the wall and fluid temperatures. The results obtained with the global uncertainty management are compared to direct computations of the errors of measurement. In the global uncertainty management, the heat flux sensitivity is studied with the Taylor expansion of the function. This method assumes the quasilinearity and the quasi-normality of the function; therefore, only small variations of parameters are computed. The study points out the importance of the temperature measurement accuracy for the heat flux evaluation in asymmetrically heated turbulent channel flow. In particular, the results show that the cold wall heat flux is very sensitive to the variations of the cold wall temperature and the bulk temperature of the fluid. The hot wall is less influenced by the temperature variations than the cold wall. The global uncertainty management produces satisfying results on the prediction of the error linked to the uncertainties on bulk temperature. Nevertheless, the hot and cold wall temperature uncertainty propagation are poorly estimated by the method.
Initially sub-cooled liquid flashing flow CFD modeling: closure parameters for a non-symmetric interfacial area density formulation
Authors: Ortego Sampedro Egoi , Nemer Maroun
Published: November 2021

A bubble to droplet transition non-symmetric interfacial area density formulation was developed for flash boiling nozzles CFD modeling. This formulation is used in a two fluid Euler- Euler modeling with a thermal phase change model. The regime transition formulation is based on the number of bubbles density and number of droplet density values. The first affects mainly the flow regime close to the nozzle throat and the second parameter affects mainly the flow close to the outlet. The physical factors affecting the calibration values of these parameters are analyzed in this paper with the aim of defining appropriate closure models. The analysis is done using experimental data available in literature. The comparison is done on the mass flow rate and the nozzle outlet velocity. It appears that the number of bubbles density is related to the inlet sub -cooling conditions and that the number of droplets density is affected by the outlet pressure and Reynolds number.
Investigation on the mechanism of enhancing heat transfer in a pebble bed by adding in the non-fixed number of smaller-sized spheres
Authors: Chen Leisheng , Zhao Jiahao , Yuan Yuejin , Lee Jaeyoung
Published: November 2021

Enhancing heat transfer in the pebble bed reactor could reduce the surface temperatures and lower the possibility of forming hot-spots. The effectiveness of inserting a smaller sphere into a structured pebble bed on optimizing the heat transfer has been confirmed, and yet, the mechanism of heat transfer enhancement is still not fully understood. The impact of the quantity and size of the small spheres on the heat transfer characteristics has been investigated in this study and the mechanism of enhancement was analyzed. It was found that: (1) When the volume or the surface area of the inserted sphere was kept the same, the overall heat transfer coefficients (HTC) of the pebble bed in case 2 or case 3 respectively demonstrated 1.4% or 2.8% higher than that of the bed in case 1; (2) the overall HTC showed an increasing trend with the decreasing ratio of the surface area to the volume; (3) the varying trends of local HTCs along the designated direction were similar among 3 cases and the strongest heat transfer positions were found near pebble-sphere contact points. Such findings will help to design a better pebble bed core.
Navier slip and suction/injection effects on oscillatory flow of nanofluid with fluid-particle interaction in a channel
Authors: Hasnain Jafar , Sheikh Mariam , Abbas Zaheer
Published: November 2021

In this paper, the slip and porosity effects on the channel walls are studied for the oscillatory flow of heat-absorbing/generating dusty nanofluid flowing through a porous medium. The channel is vertical and exposed to the transverse magnetic field and thermal radiation. The base fluid is water with silver as nanoparticles. The basic equations of the flow problem, which appeared to be dimensional, are remodelled in the dimension-less form
with the help of non-dimensional variables. The obtained equations are solved analytically using the variable separable method. The graphs are presented to show the impact of these parameters on the flow fields, skin friction, heat transmission rate and discussed in detail. Results reveal that the flow velocities of fluid and particles for suction are greater than in the case of injection. The fluid velocity upsurges with the improved values of the
velocity slip parameter.