bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilidad percibida de la educación para la salud en adolescentes con cateterismo cardiaco y sus cuidadores primarios
Authors: Candelario-Mosco Julieta Beatriz , González-Luna Rodrigo Hiroshi , Flores-Arizmendi Alejandro , Riveros-Rosas Angélica
Published: June 2020

Se ha utilizado eficazmente la educación para la salud para mejorar el autocuidado en las intervenciones médicas en virtud de que informa a los pacientes sobre acciones específicas que facilitan su recuperación. Objetivo: Analizar la utilidad percibida de la educación para la salud en adolescentes con cateterismo cardiaco y sus cuidadores primarios. Método: Participaron 32 adolescentes y sus cuidadores primarios en dos grupos: uno con atención habitual y otro con educación para la salud. Resultados: 69% de los adolescentes y 85% de los cuidadores primarios del grupo de atención habitual y 100% de los adolescentes y cuidadores primarios del grupo con educación para la salud consideraron que recibir esta última antes del cateterismo cardiaco les fue de gran utilidad para generar un mejor conocimiento acerca de la etapa previa, el transcurso y la etapa posterior al cateterismo y los cuidados necesarios, así como para lograr una mejor autorregulación emocional, todos ellos elementos que les proporcionaron una sensación de mayor control y la posibilidad de acción durante su recuperación. Discusión: Si bien la educación para la salud se consideró útil y con un efecto positivo, se discute la importancia de respetar el deseo de los pacientes y sus familias acerca de recibirla o no.
Estudio exploratorio de los riesgos a la salud percibidos en población mexicana
Authors: López-Vázquez Esperanza , Castillo-López Rosa Lilia , García-Chimalpopoca Zayra
Published: June 2020

Los riesgos a la salud implican la eventualidad de exponerse a factores que puedan provocar una enfermedad o una lesión, por lo que el objetivo general de este trabajo fue explorar los riesgos a la salud percibidos por participantes mayores de 18 años de la ciudad de Cuernavaca Morelos, un sector de la población. El método utilizado se basó en la técnica de redes semánticas naturales, la cual se aplicó a 220 sujetos. De manera general, los términos de la red pueden dividirse en factores en los cuales el sujeto puede ejercer control y aquellos en los que tal control no existe. Se observaron diferencias en función del sexo, la edad y la escolaridad. En el caso de las mujeres, estas utilizaron el término peligros, mientras que los hombres emplearon el de muerte. El término estrés aparece solo en los grupos de secundaria y preparatoria, mientras que en los de licenciatura y posgrado aparece el de cuidados. Se discute sobre la importancia de las diferencias encontradas para así comprender mejor la forma de pensar de las personas y sus implicaciones en la población sobre la prevención de la salud.
Psicoeducación para la adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral: la metáfora del reloj de arena
Authors: Neria-Mejía Roberto , Sánchez-Sosa Juan José , Riveros-Rosas Angélica
Published: June 2020

La infección por el Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana continúa siendo un grave problema de salud pública mundial, y aunque el tratamiento antirretroviral ha mostrado eficacia en la supresión viral, requiere una adherencia cercana al cien por ciento. Mejorar o mantener la adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral es de vital importancia para controlar la replicación viral y la transmisión del virus por vía sexual. Sin embargo, las intervenciones breves y eficaces para fomentar la adherencia al tratamiento en población mexicana son escasas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la llamada “metáfora del reloj de arena” como único componente de una intervención psicoeducativa en personas infectadas de la Ciudad de México, con o sin problemas de adherencia. El diseño utilizado fue de N = 1 con diez réplicas. Se describe el sexo, edad, diagnóstico, tratamiento actual y nivel de adherencia de los participantes. Esta última se midió con los cuestionarios SMAQ y CASTA, y los conocimientos adquiridos con el cuestionario CCB-VIH-TAR. Los marcadores biológicos fueron la carga viral y el conteo de CD4. La psicoeducación basada en la metáfora del reloj de arena mostró eficacia para mejorar y mantener la adherencia y la satisfacción al tratamiento. Tras la intervención todos los participantes lograron una carga viral indetectable o continuaron con esta, mejoraron su estado de inmunodeficiencia al aumentar sus células CD4 y la totalidad fueron clasificados como adherentes. Los conocimientos adquiridos aumentaron de manera significativa después de la intervención y se mantuvieron a las ocho y doce semanas de seguimiento.
Propiedades psicométricas de la Medication Adherence Report Scale-Asthma en adultos asmáticos mexicanos
Authors: Lugo González Isaías Vicente , Vega Valero Cynthia Zaira
Published: June 2020

El porcentaje de adherencia al medicamento de control en pacientes con asma es subóptimo. Cabe mencionar que tal proporción ayuda a identificar a los pacientes adherentes y no adherentes; sin embargo, esta medida no ofrece información sobre el patrón de uso del medicamento por parte del paciente, por lo cual existe la necesidad de disponer de una herramienta de evaluación que permita obtener tal dato. Así, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión en español de la Medication Adherence Report Scale-Asthma en pacientes mexicanos asmáticos, para lo cual se utilizó un muestreo por conveniencia. La muestra consistió en 280 adultos, quienes respondieron un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y clínicos y la citada escala. La muestra fue dividida en dos: en una mitad se realizó un estudio exploratorio, y en la otra uno confirmatorio de la escala. Los datos exploratorios muestran una escala unifactorial con siete ítems, con resultados estadísticamente aceptables. Se concluye que la MARS-A es un instrumento confiable y válido para la evaluación de conductas de adherencia al medicamento de control en adultos mexicanos con asma.
Adaptación y validación del Cuestionario de Respuestas Conductuales ante la Enfermedad para pacientes hematológicos
Authors: Carrillo Valdez Lindsay , Ordaz Carrillo Maetzin Itzel
Published: June 2020

La conducta ante la enfermedad desempeña un papel fundamental en la búsqueda de atención médica para el diagnóstico y tratamiento, así como en las consecuencias físicas, psicológicas y sociales para el paciente, especialmente cuando se trata de enfermedades que requieren vigilancia continua, como es el caso de los padecimientos hematológicos. La evaluación de la conducta ante la enfermedad permite el diseño de intervenciones multidisciplinarias orientadas a la adaptación al padecimiento, el aumento de la adherencia terapéutica, la disminución de secuelas y la administración de los recursos destinados al cuidado de la salud; de allí la importancia del diseño y desarrollo de instrumentos de medición confiables y válidos, entre los que se encuentra el Cuestionario de Respuestas Conductuales ante la Enfermedad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue adaptar y validar psicométricamente este instrumento para la población mexicana mediante un análisis factorial exploratorio. Se trabajó con jueces expertos y no expertos para la validación del contenido, y con 239 pacientes hematológicos de un hospital de la Ciudad de México para la validación psicométrica y el análisis factorial exploratorio. Se encontró una estructura de quince ítems y cuatro factores con una confiabilidad aceptable, por lo que se concluye que el citado instrumento es una medida que se puede aplicar a pacientes hematológicos; sin embargo, se recomienda revisar exhaustivamente los reactivos y llevar a cabo más estudios de validación psicométrica en la población meta.
O CONTROLE DA CONTAMINAÇÃO MICROBIOLÓGICA DE PRODUTOS MAGISTRAIS
Authors: Mota Vivian Aline Mariano , Oshiro Jr João Augusto , Chiari-Andréo Bruna Galdorfini
Published: June 2020

O controle da contaminação microbiana de fórmulas magistrais, entre elas cosméticos, produtos de higiene e medicamentos, é de fundamental importância, estando relacionado com a Saúde Pública, a qualidade e a estabilidade do produto. Devido ao grande número de micro-organismos que podem estar presentes nas formulações magistrais, a contaminação deve ser evitada ao longo do processo de fabricação. Considerando a importância deste tema, este trabalho teve como objetivo a realização de uma revisão da literatura visando esclarecer pontos de importância relacionados à contaminação microbiológica de produtos magistrais. Foram utilizados artigos, dissertações e teses, além de publicações da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária datados de 2000 a 2017. Foi verificado que as fontes de contaminação são pontos críticos na fabricação dos produtos e devem ser monitorados de acordo com as Boas Práticas de Fabricação. Existe grande preocupação com a manutenção da qualidade dos produtos não estéreis, visto que o desvio de qualidade pode acarretar em grande prejuízo ao usuário incluindo o desenvolvimento de patologias severas, dependendo do estado de saúde do mesmo. A análise da formulação é realizada buscando micro-organismos que são patológicos ao homem, como Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A manutenção da qualidade em produtos farmacêuticos é um grande desafio, pois, embora existam vários métodos e se tenha um vasto conhecimento na área da Microbiologia, invariavelmente surgem problemas relacionados à contaminação. A orientação teórica e prática detalhada dos métodos qualitativos e quantitativos é de absoluta necessidade para que os eventuais desvios de qualidade sejam solucionados rapidamente.
Efeito do Allium Sativum L. sobre funções de neutrófilos humanos
Authors: Gileno Miriqne Costa
Published: June 2020

O Allium sativum L detém diversos efeitos biológicos como ação antioxidante, antitrombótica, antifúngica e antibacteriana. Devido suas atividades terapêuticas, consta na relação de plantas medicinais recomendadas pela ANVISA. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a ação do Allium sativum L., alho, sobre funções de neutrófilos humanos, inclusive citotoxidade e produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs). Durante 72 horas, o alho permaneceu em contato com etanol e após filtração, diferentes diluições foram preparadas. As propriedades antioxidantes do alho foram estudadas por ensaios morfológicos com PMA, teste de viabilidade celular (Azul de Trypan), efeito no sistema MPO/H2O2 (ensaio com TMB) e ensaio químico com o radical DPPH. O alho não diminuiu a viabilidade celular dos neutrófilos e não inibiu a MPO. EROs não foram produzidas nas diluições estudadas pelo ensaio com PMA e no ensaio com DPPH, demonstrou-se atividade antioxidante do alho. Concluiu-se que o alho não compromete a viabilidade dos neutrófilos e não inibe a MPO.
Riskten Korunma Muhasebesi Ve Türkiye'de Uygulanabilirliği Üzerine Bir Vaka Çalışması
Authors: İPEK Ayşegül
Published: June 2020

1972 yılında Bretton Woods anlaşmasının sona ermesi ve serbest kur sistemine geçilmesi ile finansal riskler ön plana çıkmıştır. Özellikle küreselleşme ile birlikte uluslararası piyasalarda yaşanan gelişmeler risklerin çeşitlenmesine ve kapsamının artmasına neden olmuştur. İşletmelerin maruz kaldıkları risklerin artması ve faaliyet sonuçlarını olumsuz yönde etkilemesiyle birlikte bu riskleri yönetme ihtiyacı ortaya çıkmış ve günden güne daha da önemli hale gelmiştir. Günümüzde finansal risk yönetiminde en çok kullanılan yöntemlerin başında hedging olarak adlandırılan riskten korunma gelmektedir. Riskten korunma kapsamında gerçekleştirilen işlemler işletmelerin finansal tablolarında dalgalanmalara sebep olabilmektedir. Bu durumu ortadan kaldırmak amacıyla riskten korunma muhasebesi uygulanmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile Uluslararası Muhasebe ve Finansal Raporlama Standartları (UMS/UFRS) kapsamında riskten korunma muhasebesi teorik olarak incelenmiş ve Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren bir şirketin riskten korunma muhasebesi uygulamasına yer verilerek sürecin irdelenmesi ve farklı şirketler adına yol gösterici olması amaçlanmıştır.
Making “Mini-Me’s”: Service-Learning as Governance of the Self in a South African Context
Authors: Mitchell Carol
Published: June 2020

This article presents an attempt to examine my own service-learning practices through the use of the conceptual tools of Michel Foucault, in particular his notions of governmentality and power. The article views the development of service-learning in South Africa and our current practices as operating within a regime of truth, and it considers service-learning as an apparatus for constructing particular kinds of subjects. From a broad conceptual lens, the article moves to the analysis of an interaction during a critical reflection process in service-learning in an attempt to examine actual practices and how these may produce different subjectivities. The article is an attempt to encourage other practitioners to reflect on their own practices, uncover their assumptions, and ask how things could be otherwise.
Self-Directed Education in Two Transformative Pro-Environmental Initiatives within the Eco-Schools Programme: A South African Case Study
Authors: Kruger Jill
Published: June 2020

The international Eco-Schools programme promotes Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) through introducing and stimulating pro-environmental initiatives by school learners and staff. This enabled learners in the Eco-Clubs at a resource-poor primary school to identify and undertake transformative pro-environmental initiatives in 2011 and 2014 through Self-Directed Education (SDE). An educative approach encouraging critical thinking at the school provided the foundation that made this possible. In discussing and working through their strategies to undertake research and challenge authorities about noncompliance in regard to municipal responsibilities that led to environmental degradation, Eco-Club members liaised freely with teachers and other learners. This process, together with local support for the eco-school initiatives, stimulated widespread interest and generated hope among learners by showing that another way of being is possible.
Heteronormativity and Developing Masculinities at a Primary School in South Africa
Authors: Chimanzi Luckmore
Published: June 2020

This article explores the development of heteronormativity and the construction of masculinities at a township primary school in South Africa. In this study, boys and girls chastise homosexuality yet maintain their male-to-male and female-to-female social bonds. Homosocial or male-to-male social bonds have a bearing on the construction of male identity. It is argued that homosocial relationships serve as a means through which certain boys negotiate and exhibit their masculinity in a process of identity formation in which heterosexuality is a key component. Qualitative data from focus groups and diary research with Grade 7 students (male and female) in a primary school are used. Boys engage in a number of games and acquire resources for themselves; hence, as a social unit, they portray themselves as heteronormative. Their solidarity plays a role in maintaining their power in relationships even though privately some of them expressed preference for more flexible constructions of masculinity.
Insanity, Identity and Empire: Immigrants and Institutional Confinement in Australia and New Zealand, 1873–1910, by Catharine Coleborne
Authors: Du Plessis Rory
Published: June 2020

Book Review
Labour Worry and Postpartum Discomfort of Primiparous Mothers in Konya, Turkey
Authors: Çankaya Seyhan , Yilmaz Sema Dereli
Published: June 2020

Increased levels of worry about childbirth labour may lead to the development of obstetric complications. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the factors that affect the birth worry of primiparae. The population of the study consisted of the primiparous women between May and August 2018 in the Dr Ali Kemal Belviranl? Maternity and Children’s Hospital in the province of Konya, Turkey. A total of 240 primiparous women were selected by means of convenience sampling for this descriptive research. The Postpartum Comfort Questionnaire (PPCQ), the Oxford Worries about Labour Scale (OWLS), and a questionnaire that examines socio-demographic and obstetrical features were used to collect the data. The data were analysed with independent samples, the t-test, the one-way ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation. The mean age of the women was 27.09 ± 5.04 (min.: 18, max.: 41) years and the mean gestation was 38.8 ± 1.1 weeks. The mean score of labour worry was higher while the mean score of postpartum comfort was lower for those women who had a caesarean delivery (OWLS: t = ?6.47, p = 0.001; PPCQ: t = 4.40, p = 0.001), who had high concerns or fears about labour or delivery (OWLS: t = ?7.05, p = 0.001; PPCQ: t = ?7.04, p = 0.001), who were not emotionally supported by their family during pregnancy (OWLS: t = 13.12, p = 0.001, PPCQ: t = 13.12, p = 0.001), and who had experiences of health problems during delivery (OWLS: t = ?5.01, p = 0.001; PPCQ: t = ?6.06, p = 0.001). It has been found that as the OWLS scores increase, the PPCQ scores also increase reflecting a positive correlation (r = 0.672, p < 0.001) between these variables. This study supports existing literature which states that factors such as health status, aspects of labour and social support affect labour worry and the postpartum comfort level. For this reason, increasing women’s comfort in the postpartum period may be provided by being informed about their physical and psychological health as of the antenatal period, and by giving midwifery care and health education that aim to determine their labour worry level and to eliminate it.
Best Practice Guideline for Patient-Centred Care in South African Public Hospitals
Authors: Jardien-Baboo Sihaam , Van Rooyen Dalena , Ricks Esmeralda , Jordan Portia , Ten Ham-Baloyi Wilma
Published: June 2020

Delivery of quality healthcare in South African is framed by the Batho Pele (“People First”) principles and the National Patients’ Rights Charter, both of which emphasise patient-centred care. However, underfunding, mismanagement, and neglect of the South African public infrastructure result in the implementation of these policy documents often not being evident in practice. The challenges of rendering patient-centred care under such circumstances spurred the development of an evidence-based best practice guideline to assist professional nurses in public hospitals. This article outlines the development of a best practice guideline for patient-centred care in public hospitals. An adapted version of the approach recommended by the Clinical Guidelines Advisory Committee of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence was applied to develop the guideline. The draft guideline was submitted to experts for review. Thereafter it was modified and finalised. Nine sets of recommendations related to practice, education, organisation and policy were developed as part of the guideline. These involve (1) embracing values and beliefs foundational to patient-centred care; (2) optimal communication in all facets of care; (3) rendering of basic nursing care practices; (4) family involvement; (5) awareness of the importance of culture in patient-centred care; (6) organisational and managerial support; (7) organisational champions; (8) positive work environment; and (9) organisational structure that promotes interprofessional collaborative practice. It is anticipated that the guideline can be implemented after pilot testing and can be used by professional nurses rendering care to patients in public hospitals in South Africa.
Health Dialogue Elements Identified during Health Communication between Nurses and Patients
Authors: Talbot Lesley , Reid Marianne , Nel Mariette
Published: June 2020

Nurse-patient communication is an essential component of patient-centred health care that improves health outcomes and is characterised by health dialogue sanctioning mutual participation of both parties. This article reports on a study that aimed to identify the use of health dialogue elements during nurse-patient communication. A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional research design was used. The data was collected using the Observational Checklist of Health Dialogue Elements (OCHDE). The population comprised nurses (N=89) and adult diabetic patients in their care in a local municipality in Northern Cape, South Africa. Proportional sampling of public and private health facilities (n=16) was followed by convenience sampling of nurses (n=22). Descriptive statistics were calculated per group, comparing the nurse and patient responses per health dialogue element. The use of health dialogue elements during nurse-patient communication was diverse with an inconsistent display of antecedents, namely, a positive attitude (71.4%) and sensitivity and respect (41.7%) during communication. Regarding the antecedent element, training, the nurses displayed inadequate training in diabetes (19.3%) and in communication skills (30.6%). The patients received more diabetes training (48.7%) than the nurses, but their communication skills training (3.4%) was low. However, both the nurses and patients perceived the empirical referents, namely, shared responsibility/decision-making (67%, 68.2%), a health plan of mutual benefit (79.5%, 81.6%), and the use of context-sensitive communication strategies (73.6%, 67.8%). The inconsistent presence of antecedents and the reported presence of empirical referents indicates a need for further research and capacity building of nurses and patients.
Mental Health of Family Members Caring for Individuals Living with Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Lekoadi Ramatsobane Granny , Temane Mmasethunya Annie , Poggenpoel Marie , Myburgh Chris
Published: June 2020

Globally, around a third of the adult population suffers from a mental disorder such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic mental illness which adversely impacts on the lives of the affected individuals and their family members. BD has a strong influence on the family functioning. The burden of care and responsibility makes it challenging for family members to focus on their lives and future. The aim of the study was to develop and describe a conceptual framework to facilitate the empowerment of family members who care for individuals living with BD. A qualitative research design, which is exploratory, descriptive and contextual in nature, was used in this study to explore and describe family members’ mental health when caring for individuals living with BD. The researcher developed and described a conceptual framework based on the research findings of phenomenological interviews with a purposefully selected sample of family members who care for individuals living with BD. The results show that family members were disempowered when caring for individuals living with BD. The central concept of the conceptual framework was identified based on the results as the facilitation of empowerment of family members who care for individuals living with BD. The researcher recommends that the conceptual framework to facilitate the empowerment of family members who care for individuals living with BD be implemented at the mental health clinics. It is also recommended that the conceptual framework be incorporated into the curriculum of psychiatric nursing.
Provision of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy: The Experiences of People Living with HIV
Authors: Selehelo Keamogetse , Makhado Lufuno , Madiba Karabo Angel
Published: June 2020

Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) is a strategy that has been proposed by the National Department of Health of South Africa and the World Health Organization for people living with HIV (PLWH) to prevent latent tuberculosis (TB) progressing to active TB. This research focused on exploring and describing experiences of PLWH regarding IPT provision in the Ngaka Modiri Molema district in the North West province of South Africa. A qualitative, exploratory, contextual and descriptive research design was used for this study. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted to collect data from PLWH. The sample size consisted of 14 participants and data saturation was reached at participant 11. A thematic data analysis was employed in this study. The study consisted of 10 female participants and 4 male participants. Three main themes emerged during interviews, namely factors that facilitate IPT provision and uptake, factors that inhibit the adherence of patients to IPT, and strategies to improve provision or adherence. The provision of IPT at a community health centre in Ngaka Modiri Molema district municipality was reported to be satisfactorily although challenges were also marked. IPT must be available at all times to ensure the promotion of PLWH adherence, continuity of care and retention in HIV care. In addition, screening of PLWH for active TB disease before they can be initiated should be a priority. PLWH should be supported and followed up through the directly observed treatment, short-course strategy to promote adherence and this can also be facilitated through adherence social clubs.
Utilisation and Perceptions of Cervical Cancer Screening Services
Authors: Kokuro Mercy , Diji Abigail Kusi-Amponsah
Published: June 2020

Cervical cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed and the fourth commonest cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Even though cervical cancer is preventable, its screening rate has been reported to be low in Ghana. To the best of our knowledge, no study has focused on the utilisation and perceptions of cervical cancer among women in their reproductive age in Ghana. The present study aimed at assessing the utilisation and perceptions of cervical cancer screening services among women who seek reproductive healthcare services. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among women aged 18 years and above. Using a two-stage sampling technique, 369 participants were selected from 2 out of 4 eligible study sites. Data on the perceptions and utilisation of cervical cancer screening services were collected following ethical approval. The data were collected using both English and Twi versions of the questionnaire. The data were descriptively and inferentially analysed. A few of the participants had been previously screened for cervical cancer (n = 69; 18.7%), while a greater proportion of the participants appropriately perceived the screening benefits (> 70%), and an equally greater percentage of them harboured negative perceptions which prevented them from engaging in such endeavours (> 80%). Significant differences in perception were, however, observed in two-fifths of the studied areas (6/14) among the screened and unscreened participants. Cervical cancer screening services were not utilised by the majority of the participating women. Screening was associated with socio-demographic characteristics such as marital status, parity, education, and employment status. Inappropriate perceptions on cervical cancer screening may account for the low utilisation of cervical cancer screening. Therefore, all-inclusive health education on the benefits of cervical cancer screening for both women and men should be a priority for stakeholders and all health organisations.
Experiences of Community Health Nurse Specialists in the Tuberculosis Burden Setting
Authors: Motswasele Granny Tshabane M. , Peu Mamphego Doriccah , Moloko-Phiri Salamina S.
Published: June 2020

South Africa is one of the countries with the highest tuberculosis (TB) burden. The World Health Organization (WHO) statistics gave an estimated incidence of 322 000 cases of active TB in 2017. Furthermore, according to the WHO, an estimated 78 000 people in South Africa died from TB. The National Strategic Plan for HIV TB and STIs identified the Gauteng province in South Africa as one of the districts with a high TB burden; a decision informed by annual measurements of TB incidence, prevalence and mortality. The main objective of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of community health nurse specialists in the TB burden setting to ensure safe practices and excellent service delivery. A qualitative descriptive phenomenological design was used to describe the experiences of community health nurse specialists in the TB burden setting. A purposive sampling method was used to select 20 nurses. Ethical principles were adhered to and trustworthiness strategies were applied throughout the study. The data were collected through in-depth interviews and analysed using the 7 steps of Colaizzi’s method of data analysis. The findings indicated that community health nurse specialists are afraid of being infected with TB, and that patients who default treatment are of concern. The services of prevention, treatment, care and support needed by these nurses should be prioritised by the relevant management to ensure that service delivery is not compromised.
Barriers to Female Condom Use among Undergraduate Health Science Students
Authors: Dlamini Bongekile T. , Shongwe Mduduzi Colani
Published: June 2020

The female condom (FC), also known as the femidom, has been on the market since 1993, however, its use remains limited in many parts of southern Africa, including in Eswatini (formerly Swaziland). There is a dearth of literature on the reasons for the limited use of the FC, especially from the perspective of health science students who would otherwise be expected to be knowledgeable about and have favourable attitudes to it. The aim of this study was to explore and describe the barriers to FC use among undergraduate health science students at a selected tertiary institution in Eswatini. A qualitative, exploratory descriptive study was conducted among nine conveniently sampled, unmarried undergraduate students at a selected tertiary institution in the Hhohho region in Mbabane, Eswatini. Responses to an unstructured interview guide, using in-depth interviews were analysed thematically following Creswell’s steps of qualitative data analysis. Five themes emerged from the data: (1) inadequate knowledge about the FC, (2) the FC hinders sexual pleasure, (3) insertion of the FC is time-consuming and uncomfortable, (4) the FC is bigger than the vagina, and (5) fear of being labelled “promiscuous”. Generally, the participants stated that they did not use the FC because of societal myths. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen health education campaigns for the femidom to clear the myths and misconceptions that limit its use.
Promoting the Right to Healthcare Services for HIV-positive Persons with Disabilities in Malawi: Incorporating Disability into HIV Programming
Authors: Kamga Serges
Published: June 2020

African countries at the epicentre of the HIV/AIDS pandemic have been working hard to confront the scourge. Malawi is one of the continent’s most affected countries and has been attempting to remedy the situation by providing healthcare services, promoting sexual and reproductive rights, and putting in place numerous HIV-programming initiatives such as HIV education, prevention, care and treatment. However, persons with disabilities have not been included in this initiative in spite of their vulnerability to the disease and their high rates of exposure to HIV risk factors. Their exclusion from HIV/AIDS programming is a product of the incorrect perception that they are asexual or are not vulnerable to the illness. As a result, the mainstreaming of people with a disability into HIV/AIDS programming has not been taking place. Such mainstreaming should take the form of the reasonable accommodation and adoption of universal design measures which ensure that persons with disabilities enjoy the right to health on an equal basis with others. This article seeks to close this gap in Malawi by calling for the inclusion of disability in HIV programming. To this end, and on the basis of desktop research, it examines the laws and policies that assess the extent to which persons with disabilities are able to participate in the response to HIV. It also considers whether they have access to HIV services that are both customised to their diverse needs and equal to the services available to others in society. The author finds that the failure to mainstream disability into HIV programming is a serious problem that will hinder the fight against the pandemic in Malawi.
Thinking through Urban Place, Space and Locality in Youth Research
Authors: Rama Sharmla , Mathonsi Thereso O T
Published: June 2020

The interdisciplinary “spatial turn” (and “mobilities turn”) within sociology and the social sciences and humanities has given rise to renewed interest in the conceptual frameworks and theorisation of place, space and locality (localities). In contemporary child (childhood) and youth research, immediate place, space and localities are powerful frameworks for understanding and examining young people’s everyday lives, realities, biographies as well as meaning making, construction of their identities and sense of belonging or exclusion. The emplaced hierarchies, inequalities, power relations and differentiations—in combination with innate, biographical, proximal and distal influences—will shape and direct young people’s interactions, activities and networks within and across different places, spaces and localities. There remains a lacuna regarding such research in developing countries, including South Africa post-1994. This paper examines how and why the concepts of space, place, and locality are of significance and contribute to an understanding of urban young people’s diverse everyday lives, challenges, needs and experiences. This paper focuses, firstly, on a discussion of the contested, conflicting and varying constructions of the concepts place, space and locality. Secondly, there is a discussion on some of the themes, debates and discourses shaping knowledge production in this area.
Effects of Factionalism in ZANU-PF: An Appraisal, 1980–2017
Authors: Mangani Dylan Yanano
Published: June 2020

Literature on the study of Zimbabwean politics tends to emphasise the role played by Robert Mugabe as chief instigator of different political trajectories in Zimbabwe. In a departure from available literature, this paper surfaces other explanations rather than to centre on the Mugabe factor. Because of democratic centralism, the factional dimension of politics within the Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) is a case worthy of investigation to understand these political trajectories. With this in mind, the paper seeks to examine the nexus between different political trajectories in Zimbabwe and the emergence of factionalism in ZANU-PF.
Left Behind: White Rhodesian Women and War in Nancy Partridge’s To Breathe and Wait
Authors: Tagwirei Cuthbeth
Published: June 2020

The article invites conversation on white Rhodesian women’s experiences of war. White female voices have been conspicuous by their absence from the war discourse and a paucity of fictional narratives entirely dedicated to this experience exists. For these reasons, discourse on the war is predominantly about white men and black people in general. While mainstream accounts of the war gloss over white women’s experiences and cast them as “left behind” from the war, so much was going on in these spaces. Fleeting references to white female experiences do not demonstrate what it meant for most white women to be “left behind” during the war. The article examines Nancy Partridge’s To Breathe and Wait’s depiction of a white woman whose experience of war consists of illness, stories from external sources and intersubjective relations forged with family and women across the racial divide.
Jonah’s dag gadol, a Sea-Monster Associated with the Primeval Sea?
Authors: Dyssel Allan
Published: June 2020

The quest for the identity of the fish in the story of Jonah has been extraordinary. Many attempts have been made to identify known sea animals, with bodies and mouths large enough to swallow and harbour a human being. The whale seems to have been crowned the general best-fit solution. A few interpretations have veered to the mythological, with the fish being associated with creatures such as sea-monsters. None of these viewpoints convincingly identified the Jonah fish as a sea-monster associated with the primeval waters. The probability that dag gadol was a primeval sea-monster is investigated. How mythical creatures thrived in the milieu of the Jonah narrative and why these mythological creatures are absent from modern Bible translations is explored, as well as the dissonance of translators and interpreters not to endorse a foreign creature in the Old Testament. This article hopes to shed new light on the probable identity of Jonah’s fish.
Narrative Appraisal as a Linguistic Approach to Evaluation in Text: The Case of Pronouns
Authors: Conway Mary
Published: June 2020

Unlike modern narrative, which often goes into great detail in order to develop characters and themes, the narrator in the Old Testament is reticent, and the narrative is typically terse. There are many ambiguous passages involving actions of dubious propriety, resulting in readers being uncertain how to assess characters and draw ideological conclusions from their actions. It is too easy for modern readers to filter interpretive decisions through their presuppositions and values. Appraisal theory, an area of systemic functional linguistics, acts not to eliminate but to constrain the subjectivity of the interpreter and increase the transparency of the process by looking for specific linguistic signals in the text that can be presented as evidence. These instantiations are drawn mainly from the interpersonal metafunction, but also involve the textual and ideational metafunctions. J.R. Martin and P.R.R. White developed a system network through which text is processed in order to identify evaluative language; however, their work is based primarily on contemporary English texts of a rhetorical nature, such as political speeches and reviews. This article presents a modified system network, the “Narrative Appraisal Method,” adapted for Hebrew narrative texts. It operates not only at the level of the clause but also at higher levels of discourse. It takes into consideration the characteristics of narrative and the point of view of the evaluator. The article provides specific examples of the results the methodology yields from the book of Judges, focusing on situations in which pronominal forms play a relevant role.
Interpreting and Rendering of Qur’anic Verses in Conformity with Convention and Tradition
Authors: Dockrat MAE (Ashraf)
Published: June 2020

In this article, the role of convention and tradition in the interpretation and rendering of Qur’anic verses are discussed. An overview is given of the reciprocal relationship between Muslim theology and that which is usually referred to as the “Sciences of the Qur’an”. Selected examples of the rendering of specific Qur’anic verses are  analysed, illustrating the influence (or presumed influence) of classical interpretative sources and convention on the translation of the meanings of the Qur’an.
Generalising Asymmetric Coordination with Resumptive Pronoun: A Syntactic Analysis of Certain Dislocations in Biblical Hebrew
Authors: DeCaen Vincent
Published: June 2020

This study clearly distinguishes Biblical Hebrew topicalisation (fronting) from the hanging topic construction (extraposition) within the framework of the Minimalist Program. Topicalisation involves the movement of some constituent into [spec,TopP] resulting in a gap. In contrast, the hanging topic is not moved but rather base-generated in [spec,&P]. Thus, extraposition is simply a special case of asymmetric coordination. In addition, this study explains how and why these distinct constructions are easily and generally confused. On the one hand, verb movement into the left periphery may render the relative position of constituents opaque. On the other hand, and more importantly, Biblical Hebrew is a robust pro-drop language. Consequently, there may be some ambiguity between the gap resulting from clause-internal topicalisation and the apparent gap of a null subject pronoun resuming a clause-external hanging topic.
Psalm 133: Ancient Wisdom Interpreted by Contemporary South Africans
Authors: Dickie June F.
Published: June 2020

This short psalm is generally regarded as a wisdom psalm, celebrating family and community. In biblical times it may have served to encourage fellowship among pilgrims travelling to Jerusalem for the feasts, or as a call for unity among the northern and southern tribes. But how is it interpreted today? Does it speak to our social relations? For this article, three groups of contemporary South Africans study the psalm and share their perceptions as to its meaning for them. The groups include women in a township who are part of a church “home-group”, teenagers from various backgrounds who attend a weekly “youth meeting” at a local church, and performance artists who are members of the same church. Each group shows imaginative ideas and significant engagement with the psalm. The study contributes by showing that the ancient wisdom in the psalm is meaningful today although the imagery and media may need to be adjusted to the particular audience. It is thus a stimulus to those who work with young people to encourage them to “re-translate” biblical texts (particularly poems) and thus to make them their own.
Considering Judith: Explorations in New Historicism—The Afterlife of a Femme Fatale on the Borderline Between Religion and Culture, Theory and Method
Authors: Van den Heever Gerhard
Published: June 2020

In this essay the ambiguous afterlife of the character Judith and the eponymous book as cultural artefact is explored. The very rich and extensive impact on cultural and social imaginaries by the narrative and character of Judith provides an entry point by which to consider the social, cultural, and ideological work performed by the text. By drawing on a neglected trajectory in the interpretation of Judith, that of its imperialising force, in which Judith functions de facto like other Greek and Roman female deities who act as city protectresses, and later as the Virgin, it is clear that Judith functions as cypher for imperial symbolisms. By employing new historicism and its attendant theoretical assumptions, the figure of Judith becomes the occasion for an experiment in theory and method, on the borderline between cultural discourses and theories of religion. The text is read as a site for the operation of discourse and ideology, and as agency-medium in the imagining of history. When the text is “read” in light of the reception history of both text and image, the text reading denotes the problematic conceptual relationship between theology, religion, and culture. By bringing such questions to bear on the text, this paper explores the borderlines between culture and religion, particularly when done in connection with a text which itself straddles the border between canonical and extracanonical. Judith, the narrative and the figure, serves here as test case for widening the questions that should be brought to bear on ancient “religious” literature.
Humanising the Dehumanised: Emotion and Being in the Violence of the Islamic State (IS): An Alternative Perspective
Authors: Ismail Sooliman Quraysha Bibi
Published: June 2020

This paper considers the effect of violence on the emotions of IS fighters and the resultant consequences of those emotions as a factor in their choice to use violence. By interrogating the human aspect of the fighters, I am focusing not on religion but on human agency as a factor in the violence. In this regard, this paper is about reorienting the question about the violence of IS not as “religious” violence but as a response to how these fighters perceive what is happening to them and their homeland. It is about politicising the political, about the violence of the state and its coalition of killing as opposed to a consistent effort to frame the violence into an explanation of “extremist religious ideology.” This shift in analysis is significant because of the increasing harm that is caused by the rise in Islamophobia where all Muslims are considered “radical” and are dehumanised. This is by no means a new project; rather it reflects the ongoing project of distortion of and animosity toward Islam, the suspension of ethics and the naturalisation of war. It is about an advocacy for war by hegemonic powers and (puppet regimes) states against racialised groups in the name of defending liberal values. Furthermore, the myth of religious violence has served to advance the goals of power which have been used in domestic and foreign policy to marginalise and dehumanise Muslims and to portray the violence of the secular state as a justified intervention in order to protect Western civilisation and the secular subject.
De/Constructing White Supremacy: Contending Antipodal Politics in Richard Wright’s Native Son (1940)
Authors: Akingbe Niyi , Adeniyi Emmanuel
Published: June 2020

Arguably, fear, anger and despair dominate the poor, uneducated, twenty-year-old Bigger Thomas’s daily existence in Richard Wright’s Native Son. Nevertheless, old lies of white supremacy that have held black people in perpetual turmoil are crushed through violent reaction when Bigger strikes at white hegemony through the killing of Mary Dalton. This backlash throws the white community into panic mode. Apparently, African Americans’ increased susceptibility to the inferiority complex of the 1930s was dictated by the dubious racial stratification that allotted a place of superiority to the white race over the black race, which was considered inferior. This misconception was supported by Arthur de Gobineau’s The Inequality of Human Races ([1853] 1915) and Lucien Levy-Bruhl’s How Natives Think (1926). Bigger’s humanity, like that of other African-American youth of this period, is overwhelmed by the racial prejudices of the supremacist whites which demand that they must be meek, submissive and self-debased. As summed up at the trial of Bigger, American society gives black people no options in life and essentially denies them the basic rights of all humans to fulfil their destiny in relationship to the measure of their intelligence and talents. These denials have led to anger, shame and fear which have snowballed into crime and murder. We may, without difficulty, agree that Wright’s portrayal of the killing of Mary is not in any way designed to make Bigger a hero of the black protest against racial marginality. Rather, Bigger is created to accentuate the effects of suffocating social conditions that could turn an individual into an American “native son” raised in an atmosphere of transcendental hopelessness and weaned on the diet of violence, hatred and viciousness which provided the immediate platform for the launching of a backlash against American racism. Using the foregoing as its standpoint, this article examines white/black antipodes and race tensions in Richard Wright’s Native Son. It employs the Freudian conceptual construct of the human psyche, divided into the id, ego and superego, as a theoretical framework. A parallel of the hypothesis is conceived to expound the white/black taxonomy in race discourse. In Freudian psychology, the id is irrational and it projects pleasure principles. The ego is, however, rational and mature, while the superego mediates between the id and the ego. These paradigms are used to explore the collective psyche of race theorists in the paper.