bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-assembled three-dimensional hydrogels based on graphene derivatives and cerium oxide nanoparticles: scaffolds for co-culture of oligodendrocytes and neurons derived from neural stem cells
Authors: Polo Yurena , Luzuriaga Jon , Gonzalez de Langarica Sergio , Pardo-Rodríguez Beatriz , Martínez-Tong Daniel E. , Tapeinos Christos , Manero-Roig Irene , Marin Edurne , Muñoz-Ugartemendia Jone , Ciofani Gianni , Ibarretxe Gaskon , Unda Fernando , Sarasua Jose-Ramon , Pineda Jose Ramon , Larrañaga Aitor
Published: February 2023

Hybrid hydrogels based on graphene derivatives and cerium oxide nanoparticles support heterocellular cultures for nervous tissue regeneration. Antioxidant properties of the hydrogels allow the survival of both neurons and oligodendrocytes.
Naphthalene diimide-based n-type small molecule organic mixed conductors for accumulation mode organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Kang Seongdae , Fan Jiaxin , Soares João B. P. , Gupta Manisha
Published: February 2023

There are few n-type organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) for accumulation mode devices. gNDI-Br2, an n-type OMIEC has been developed for device applications in the area of biosensing and energy storage.
Role of site selective substitution, magnetic parameter tuning, and self heating in magnetic hyperthermia application: Eu-doped magnetite nanoparticles
Authors: Hazarika Krishna Priya , Borah J. P.
Published: February 2023

Various researchers have provided considerable insight into the fundamental mechanisms behind the power absorption of single-domain magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in magnetic hyperthermia applications.
Binding of exogenous cyanide reveals new active-site states in [FeFe] hydrogenases
Authors: Martini Maria Alessandra , Bikbaev Konstantin , Pang Yunjie , Lorent Christian , Wiemann Charlotte , Breuer Nina , Zebger Ingo , DeBeer Serena , Span Ingrid , Bjornsson Ragnar , Birrell James A. , Rodríguez-Maciá Patricia
Published: February 2023

Binding of exogenous cyanide to the active site H-cluster in [FeFe] hydrogenase stabilizes new active-site states with an overoxidized diiron cofactor showing how σ-donor/π-acceptor interactions influence the electronic structure of metallocofactors.
Acceptor engineering of metallacycles with high phototoxicity indices for safe and effective photodynamic therapy
Authors: Li Chonglu , Tu Le , Yang Jingfang , Liu Chang , Xu Yuling , Li Junrong , Tuo Wei , Olenyuk Bogdan , Sun Yan , Stang Peter J. , Sun Yao
Published: February 2023

Acceptor engineered supramolecular photosensitizers with a proming phototoxicity index (PI) for effective and safe photodynamic therapyin vivo.
NiCo2S4 cocatalyst supported Si nanowire heterostructure for improved solar-driven water reduction: experimental and theoretical insights
Authors: Gopalakrishnan S. , Sahoo Mihir Ranjan , Ray Avijeet , Singh Nirpendra , Harish S. , Kumar E. Senthil , Navaneethan M.
Published: February 2023

(a and b) Side and top views of Si/NiCo2S4 heterostructure along with the different hydrogen adsorption sites. (c and d) Side and top views of charge density difference of H adsorbed at Co1 site (iso-surface = 0.01 e Å−3).
Rapid wet chemical synthesis of bioactive glass with high yield by probe sonication
Authors: Shah Asma Tufail , Zahoor Mehvish , Muhammad Nawshad , Kamutzki Franz , Schmidt Johannes , Görke Oliver
Published: February 2023

Probe sonication based facile synthesis approach for preparation of bioactive glass nanoparticles.
Interfacial biosilica coating of chitosan gel using fusion silicatein to fabricate robust hybrid material for biomolecular applications
Authors: Godigamuwa Kasun , Nakashima Kazunori , Tsujitani Sota , Naota Ryo , Maulidin Ilham , Kawasaki Satoru
Published: February 2023

An enzyme-encapsulated silica-based hybrid material was developed using a chitosan gel.
Nanotubes and water-channels from self-assembling dipeptides
Authors: Bellotto Ottavia , D’Andrea Paola , Marchesan Silvia
Published: February 2023

Nanotubes and water-filled channels arising from self-assembling dipeptides display interesting physico-chemical and electronic properties that find potential applications spanning from drug delivery and medicine, to bioelectronics and bioimaging.
Effect of intramolecular charge transfer processes on amplified spontaneous emission of D–π–A type aggregation-enhanced emission molecules
Authors: Li Yuanzhao , Han Pengbo , Zhang Xiaowei , Zhou Jiadong , Qiao Xianfeng , Yang Dezhi , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong , Peng Junbiao , Ma Dongge
Published: February 2023

The intensity of the ICT process in D–π–A molecules directly affects ASE properties by modulating the energy bandgaps. Suppressing the ICT process by physical doping or incorporating steric groups can effectively enhance the ASE performances.
A comprehensive review on recent developments and future perspectives of switchable solvents and their applications in sample preparation techniques
Authors: Ullah Naeem , Tuzen Mustafa
Published: February 2023

Current advancements and future prospects of switchable solvents and their use in sample preparation processes.
New reticular chemistry of pillared rare-earthkgdsupermolecular building layer frameworks with ethane-trapping property
Authors: Li Hong-Xin , Fang Han , Zhang Yu-Feng , Zhang Zong-Hui , Xue Dong-Xu
Published: February 2023

A series of rare-earth pillar-layered MOFs based onkgdsupermolecular building layers have been successfully isolated for the first time, with ethane-selective properties benefiting ethylene purification in a one-step process.
Multi‐view short‐term photovoltaic power prediction combining satellite images feature learning and graph mutual information feature representation
Authors: Dai Yuxing , Lai Jing , Xu Xuexin , Xiahou Jianbing , Lian Jie , Zhang Zhihong
Published: February 2023

With the introduction of national policies, photovoltaic (PV) power forecasting requirements for PV power plants are becoming increasingly stringent. It is particularly critical that PV power predictions are accurate while new energy is being consumed. It is also important to consider the satellite imagery of the location of the PV power plant and the meteorological information of the plant itself. The authors aim to explore the impact of these two elements on PV power prediction to better support PV power prediction. Therefore, this paper explores the cloud information elements of the satellite images from a multi‐view perspective and performs feature extraction and processing of the meteorological information to learn the impact of cloud cover on PV power prediction. Meanwhile, this paper introduces the mutual information mechanism for the influence of meteorological factors on PV power generation. It constructs the mutual information matrix and adopts the graph neural network for representation learning. A time‐series prediction model for short‐term PV power prediction is constructed and more accurate prediction results are obtained. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective, has generalisation ability, and improved performance compared with the traditional model. The proposed method can also provide a novel approach and solution for short‐term PV power prediction.
BESRGAN: Boundary equilibrium face super‐resolution generative adversarial networks
Authors: Ren Xinyi , Hui Qiang , Zhao Xingke , Xiong Jianping , Yin Jun
Published: February 2023

Existing Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN)‐based face hallucination algorithms are hard to control the face fidelity of the generated samples, and easily generate flawed faces with unfavourable artefacts and distortions. To address this problem, the authors propose a fidelity‐controllable face super‐resolution (FSR) network boundary equilibrium face super‐resolution generative adversarial networks (BESRGAN), a fidelity ratio is introduced in their network to control how much the adversarial effect the discriminator is put on the generator; therefore, the authors’ network better trades off the objective and perceptual quality. Additionally, the authors design an equilibrium perceptual discriminator to match the perception loss distributions. Under the equilibrium constraint, the discriminator pays more attention to learning fine‐grained feature statistics of ground truths, and further guides the generator to produce photo‐realistic faces, especially in terms of facial textures. Moreover, the authors propose a novel channel‐spatial attention module (CSAM) to eliminate local distortions, by further fusing richer information from the facial prior knowledge and global high‐level facial descriptions. Extensive experiments illustrate that the authors’ approach preserves high pixel‐wise accuracy while achieving superior visual performance against state‐of‐the‐art methods. Specifically, the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index (SSIM) of the authors’ proposed BESRGAN rise 0.64 dB and 0.02 for CelebA compared with one of the state‐of‐the‐art face super‐resolution (FSR) methods.
Underwater source localisation utilising interference pattern under low SNR conditions
Authors: Zhu Qixuan , Sun Chao
Published: February 2023

Underwater acoustic source localisation in deep water shadow zone is difficult since the vertical aperture of the array is limited and the received signal‐noise ratio (SNR) is low. This article investigates a novel interference pattern in the first shadow zone. The intensity displays two oscillating striations in the interference pattern, which can be used to estimate the source depth under the restriction of lacking adequate spatial samples and acoustic environmental parameters, and the range of the source can be estimated roughly using the position of which. The method is applicable to multi‐target localisation. In practice, the interference pattern is always corrupted by noise under low SNR conditions, resulting in performance degradation or even failure of the localisation. To address the problem of recovering the corrupted interference pattern, an interference tensor is constructed and analysed, which expands the general two‐dimensional interference pattern into range‐grazing angle‐frequency domain to make use of the multi‐frame interaction coherently. A Tucker decomposition‐based method that adopts a low‐rank representation of the interference tensor is proposed to retrieve the intact interference pattern. Simulated data validate the accuracy of the localisation under low SNR conditions. It is shown that this method significantly improves the estimated performance over conventional matched‐field processing.
The method of controlling the efficiency of the airworthiness assurance subsystem in the system of means of transport operation
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Anna , Migawa Klaudiusz , Szubartowski Mirosław , Castaneda Leonel
Published: February 2023

In order to ensure proper and effective performance of tasks in complex systems of means of transport operation, it is necessary to maintain an appropriate number of buses that are capable of carrying out transport. This is achieved as a result of the implementation of maintenance and repair processes at the stations of the workability assurance subsystem. The ability to perform maintenance and repair tasks assigned to airworthiness assurance subsystems depends on their readiness to drive. Ensuring the required readiness of the tested subsystems is possible by adjusting the number and structure of maintenance and repair stations, adjusting the equipment of these stations in such a way that, if necessary, it is possible to perform specific tasks at various types of stations and the use of devices and tools with high reliability, durability and efficiency. The article presents a description of the method of determining the optimal strategy for controlling the process of exploitation of means of transport with the use of decisionmaking semiMarkov processes. The selection of the optimal (suboptimal) solution is carried out using a genetic algorithm. As a result implementation numerical calculations , a set of solutions in the form of the so-called Pareto front is obtained for the applied criterion functions.
Simulation of passenger movement dynamics in a vehicle
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Adam , Zinko Roman , Makoveichuk Oleksandr , Polishchuk Oleh
Published: February 2023

Support The article deals with the problem of modeling the movement of passengers in the interior of a vehicle using the example of an airport bus. Such modeling will allow automating the process of optimizing the layout of the salon, provide comfortable conditions for passengers and improve the fullness of the salon. When modeling the dynamics of passenger movement, the paradigm of agen-toriented programming, based on the modeling of social intelligence, was used. A class of extremely simplified discrete models - cellular automata - was used here. Developed methods that take into account the behavior of large groups of people were also used. To implement the developed methodology, the version of airport buses used in the 50s and 60s of the last century - a truck with a passenger semi-trailer was - taken as an example.
Efficiency of resource allocation to tasks in a transport company
Authors: Wilczarska Joanna , Wedda Szymon , Boiko Julyi
Published: February 2023

The modern market makes the competition between economic entities very high. There are a lot of companies with a similar profile and size. Therefore, it is necessary to compete on many levels. Efficiency, both in terms of the use of material resources and human resources, becomes a key aspect. In the case of the use of material resources, the subject is very widely discussed and crucial for most enterprises. Companies try to keep vehicles in use for as long as possible.
Cefiderocol bei AML-Patientin mit neutropenischem Infekt durch 4MRGN Klebsiella pneumoniae (VIM-1)
Authors: Urmann Emanuel , Stamm Paul , Wisskirchen Jonas
Published: February 2023

Anamnese Die Vorstellung der 68-jährigen Patientin erfolgte bei hohem Fieber, allgemeinem Unwohlseisn und körperlicher Schwäche in der Neutropenie bei Rezidiv einer akuten myeloischen Leukämie nach allogener Stammzelltransplantation.

Verlauf/Diagnose Aufgrund der bestehenden Immundefizienz wurde eine kalkulierte antibiotische Therapie mit Piperacillin/Tazobactam begonnen. Bei positivem 4MRGN-Screening wurde diese kalkuliert auf Colistin und Ceftazidim/Avibactam umgestellt. Diagnostiziert wurde ein Zungenulkus mit Abszessbildung und phlegmonöser Weichteilreaktion. In mehreren mikrobiologischen Proben, inklusive einer Blutkultur, gelang der Nachweis eines Klebsiella-pneumoniae-Komplexes – 4MRGN mit molekularbiologischem Nachweis einer Metallo-Beta-Laktamase vom Typ VIM-1 (Verona-Integron-Metallo-Beta-Laktamase-1). Ein dauerhafter Rückgang der klinischen und laborchemischen Infektparameter konnte erst nach antibiogrammgerechter Umstellung der Therapie auf das kürzlich zugelassene Siderophor-Cephalosporin Cefiderocol erreicht werden. Zur Fokus-Sanierung erfolgte eine Abszessspaltung. Nach insgesamt 18 Tagen konnte die antibiotische Therapie erfolgreich beendet werden. Zwei Tage später wurde die Patientin in stabilem Allgemeinzustand in ihr häusliches Umfeld entlassen.

Folgerung Vierfach multiresistente gramnegative Bakterien (4MRGN) sind aufgrund ihrer Resistenz gegenüber 4 bakterizid wirkenden Hauptantibiotikagruppen (Acylureidopenicilline, Cephalosporine der 3. Generation, Carbapeneme, Fluorchinolone) nur schwer therapierbar. Der vorliegende Fall zeigt für Cefiderocol eine gute klinische Wirksamkeit – auch bei Erregern, die gegen Antibiotika wie Colistin und Ceftazidim/Avibactam resistent sind und er verdeutlicht, wie wichtig eine antibiogrammgerechte Therapie ist.
Loiasis – Eine extrem vernachlässigte Tropenerkrankung
Authors: Davi Saskia Dede , Ramharter Michael , Nordmann Tamara
Published: February 2023

Rund 10–15 Mio. Menschen in Zentral- und Westafrika sind mit der Filarie Loa loa infiziert. Obwohl die assoziierte Krankheitslast vergleichbar mit wichtigen Tropenkrankheiten wie der Schistosomiasis ist, gilt die Loaisis bisher als extrem vernachlässigte Tropenerkrankung. Parasitologisch wird differenziert zwischen der mikrofilariämen Loiasis, bei der die Mikrofilarien mittels Mikroskopie im Blutausstrich nachgewiesen werden, und der okkulten Loiasis, die nur bei entsprechender Exposition durch typische Symptome diagnostiziert werden kann. Pathognomonische Symptome sind die Wanderung des adulten Wurms in der Konjunktiva („afrikanischer Augenwurm“) sowie die transiente Calabar-Schwellung. Die Therapie der Loaisis stellt vor allem in Endemiegebieten oft eine große Herausforderung dar. Potenziell schwere Nebenwirkungen der verfügbaren Medikamente sowie das hohe Risiko einer Reinfektion führen meist dazu, dass L. loa-Patient*innen in den Endemiegebieten keine Therapie erhalten.
Spontanes Pneumomediastinum (Hamman-Syndrom) mit Pneumorrhachis als seltene Ursache für akuten Thoraxschmerz bei einem jungen Patienten mit akut exazerbiertem Asthma bronchiale
Authors: Früh Jonas , Abbas Jasmin , Cheufou Danjouma , Baron Stefan , Held Matthias
Published: February 2023

Das Pneumomediastinum, definiert als Luft im mediastinalen Interstitium, ist eine seltene Ursache des akuten Thoraxschmerzes. Die Erkrankung kann sowohl sekundär als Folge von Traumata oder medizinischen Interventionen als auch spontan auftreten. Die spontan auftretende Variante (Hamman-Syndrom) hat i.d.R. auch ohne Intervention eine gute Prognose, zugrundeliegende Ursachen wie gastrointestinale Perforationen müssen jedoch ausgeschlossen werden. Diagnostisch ist neben einer konventionellen Röntgenaufnahme des Thorax eine Computertomografie oft hilfreich. Häufig tritt begleitend ein Weichteilemphysem auf, epidurale Luft im Spinalkanal wird Pneumorrhachis genannt und stellt eine seltene, jedoch ebenfalls häufig benigne Komplikation dar. Wir berichten von einem jungen Mann mit Hamman-Syndrom und Pneumorrhachis im Rahmen einer Asthma-Exazerbation, welcher trotz ausgeprägter Beschwerden rein konservativ behandelt werden konnte.
Preparation of New Chiral Building Blocks by a Mukaiyama–Michael Reaction of 2-(Phenylsulfonyl)cyclopent-2-en-1-one
Authors: Nakada Masahisa , Sugiyama Ryoji
Published: February 2023

A highly enantio- and diastereoselective Mukaiyama–­Michael reaction of 2-(phenylsulfonyl)cyclopent-2-en-1-one by using an enol silane of tert-butyl thiopropionate is described. The product was formed in 87% yield with a dr of 27:1 and 91% ee under stoichiometric conditions, whereas the yield, dr, and ee were 89%, 49:1, and 88% ee, respectively, under catalytic conditions. A highly stereoselective epimerization of the product of the Mukaiyama–Michael reaction which proceeds in 77% yield with a dr of 22:1 is also described. Because both enantiomers of the ligand for this Mukaiyama–Michael reaction are available, a method for the synthesis of all four stereoisomers of the product as useful chiral building blocks has been established.
Fully Substituted Dihydropyrimidines, Pentasubstituted 2-Aryldihydropyrimidines Synthesized by Palladium-Catalyzed/Copper-Mediated Cross-Coupling Reaction
Authors: Nishimura Yoshio , Kubo Takanori , Shibuya Nanami , Cho Hidetsura
Published: February 2023

Dihydropyrimidines (DPs) show a wide range of biological activities suitable for medicinal applications. Among DP derivatives, 2-aryl-DPs have been reported to display remarkable pharmacological properties. In this work, a method of synthesizing hitherto unavailable fully substituted pentasubstituted 2-aryl-DPs as tautomeric mixture is described using a Pd(PPh3)4-catalyzed/CuBr-mediated 2-arylation reaction. The reaction using aryltributylstannanes with various substituents such as MeO, Me, Ph, CF3, CO2Me, and NO2 groups efficiently afforded the corresponding 2-aryl-DPs in high yields. Heteroaryltributylstannanes having 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, or 2-pyridinyl groups were also suitable for the reaction. Regarding the substituents at the 4-, 5-, and 6-positions of DPs, the reactions of DPs bearing substituents such as Me, n-C3H7, n-C5H11, -(CH2)5-, phenyl, and fluorenylidene groups proceeded smoothly to give the desired products. The synthetic method was also applied to a 2-thioxo-DP to give the 2-aryl-DP. Therefore, the reaction will help expand DP-based molecular diversity, which may impact biological and pharmacological studies.
Organophotoredox-Catalyzed Oxidative C(sp2)–H Alkylation of N-Heteroarenes with Dihydroquinazolinones by C–C Cleavage
Authors: Vijayan Sariga Mangalamundackal , Nair Anagha Veluthanath , Ojha Shubham , Sahoo Basudev , Mondal Pinku Prasad , Pal Amit , Das Subham
Published: February 2023

We report a visible-light-mediated, organophotoredox-catalyzed, C(sp2)–H alkylation of N-heteroarenes with dihydroquinazolines, prepared from aliphatic ketones, under oxidative conditions. This protocol represents a metal-free approach to the effective construction of C–C bonds through a Minisci-type reaction, formally activating the native C–H bond of the N-heteroarene and an α-C–C bond of a readily available ketone. The mild nature of this method accommodates a wide variety of N-heteroarenes and ketones, tolerating a wide range of functional groups.
Risk Prediction Models for Long-Term Survival after Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Argus Leah , Taylor Marcus , Ouzounian Maral , Venkateswaran Rajamiyer , Grant Stuart W.
Published: February 2023

Background The reporting of alternative postoperative measures of quality after cardiac surgery is becoming increasingly important as in-hospital mortality rates continue to decline. This study aims to systematically review and assess risk models designed to predict long-term outcomes after cardiac surgery.

Methods The MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched for articles published between 1990 and 2020. Studies developing or validating risk prediction models for long-term outcomes after cardiac surgery were included. Data were extracted using checklists for critical appraisal and systematic review of prediction modeling studies.

Results Eleven studies were identified for inclusion in the review, of which nine studies described the development of long-term risk prediction models after cardiac surgery and two were external validation studies. A total of 70 predictors were included across the nine models. The most frequently used predictors were age (n = 9), peripheral vascular disease (n = 8), renal disease (n = 8), and pulmonary disease (n = 8). Despite all models demonstrating acceptable performance on internal validation, only two models underwent external validation, both of which performed poorly.

Conclusion Nine risk prediction models predicting long-term mortality after cardiac surgery have been identified in this review. Statistical issues with model development, limited inclusion of outcomes beyond 5 years of follow-up, and a lack of external validation studies means that none of the models identified can be recommended for use in contemporary cardiac surgery. Further work is needed either to successfully externally validate existing models or to develop new models. Newly developed models should aim to use standardized long-term specific reproducible outcome measures.
Machine learning for detection of 3D features using sparse x-ray tomographic reconstruction
Authors: Wolfe Bradley T. , Falato Michael J. , Zhang Xinhua , Nguyen-Fotiadis Nga T. T. , Sauppe J. P. , Kozlowski P. M. , Keiter P. A. , Reinovsky R. E. , Batha S. A. , Wang Zhehui
Published: February 2023

In many inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments, the neutron yield and other parameters cannot be completely accounted for with one and two dimensional models. This discrepancy suggests that there are three dimensional effects that may be significant. Sources of these effects include defects in the shells and defects in shell interfaces, the fill tube of the capsule, and the joint feature in double shell targets. Due to their ability to penetrate materials, x rays are used to capture the internal structure of objects. Methods such as computational tomography use x-ray radiographs from hundreds of projections, in order to reconstruct a three dimensional model of the object. In experimental environments, such as the National Ignition Facility and Omega-60, the availability of these views is scarce, and in many cases only consists of a single line of sight. Mathematical reconstruction of a 3D object from sparse views is an ill-posed inverse problem. These types of problems are typically solved by utilizing prior information. Neural networks have been used for the task of 3D reconstruction as they are capable of encoding and leveraging this prior information. We utilize half a dozen, different convolutional neural networks to produce different 3D representations of ICF implosions from the experimental data. Deep supervision is utilized to train a neural network to produce high-resolution reconstructions. These representations are used to track 3D features of the capsules, such as the ablator, inner shell, and the joint between shell hemispheres. Machine learning, supplemented by different priors, is a promising method for 3D reconstructions in ICF and x-ray radiography, in general.
Design and performance of a double-solenoid magnetic bottle photoelectron spectrometer for attosecond metrology
Authors: Kumar M. , Singhal H. , Ansari A. , Chakera J. A.
Published: February 2023

The design and performance of an in-house developed double-solenoid magnetic bottle (MB) time-of-flight photoelectron spectrograph are presented. A combination of a strong permanent magnet (Sm2Co17) with a soft iron cone and a double-solenoid geometry is used to generate MB configuration. The first solenoid (length ∼150 mm) is placed inside the vacuum, and the second solenoid (length ∼1 m) is placed outside the vacuum. The double-solenoid geometry improves the effective conductance and reduces overall material outgassing. Due to this, an ultra-high vacuum (∼5 × 10−8 mbar) desirable for the working of the spectrograph was achieved using a small capacity (300 lps) turbo-molecular pump. An optimization of solenoid current generates a smooth magnetic field variation in MB, which keeps the adiabaticity parameter ∼0.6 at ∼25 eV photoelectron energy. The double-solenoid geometry also provides high collection efficiency as well as high energy resolution of the spectrograph. The experimentally measured energy resolution (ΔE) of the spectrograph is better than ∼60 meV at ∼15 eV photoelectron energy. The collection efficiency is estimated to be ∼25% under optimum conditions as compared with ∼10−4 in field-free configuration. The calibrated MB spectrograph is used for the characterization of the attosecond pulse train using a cross-correlation “RABBITT” technique. The attosecond pulse train is generated from 15th to 25th odd high-harmonic orders, in argon filled cell. Attosecond pulses of average duration ∼260 as (FWHM) have been measured. The proposed MB electron spectrograph design provides a compact experimental setup for attosecond metrology and pump-probe studies with a relaxed requirement on vacuum pump capacity.
Relating incompatibility, noncommutativity, uncertainty, and Kirkwood–Dirac nonclassicality
Authors: De Bièvre S.
Published: February 2023

We provide an in-depth study of the recently introduced notion of completely incompatible observables and its links to the support uncertainty and to the Kirkwood–Dirac nonclassicality of pure quantum states. The latter notion has recently been proved central to a number of issues in quantum information theory and quantum metrology. In this last context, it was shown that a quantum advantage requires the use of Kirkwood–Dirac nonclassical states. We establish sharp bounds of very general validity that imply that the support uncertainty is an efficient Kirkwood–Dirac nonclassicality witness. When adapted to completely incompatible observables that are close to mutually unbiased ones, this bound allows us to fully characterize the Kirkwood–Dirac classical pure states as the eigenvectors of the two observables. We show furthermore that complete incompatibility implies several weaker notions of incompatibility, among which features a strong form of noncommutativity.
Wind speed and direction measurement method based on intelligent optimization algorithm
Authors: Li Xinbo , Wang Xiaoyu , Zuo Xinyu , Jiang Liangxu , Yu Xiaohui
Published: February 2023

Accurate and rapid measurement of wind speed and direction is an important research topic. However, the current measurement algorithms based on ultrasonic arrays are constrained by the large computational effort caused by the spectrum peak search, which hinders the development and application of ultrasonic array wind parameter measurement technology. To overcome this problem, this study applies an intelligent optimization algorithm for measuring wind speed and direction based on a co-prime arc ultrasonic array, which avoids the problem of a large number of calculations in the spectrum peak search. First, the spatial-spectral function of the propagator method algorithm is employed as the fitness function of the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Then, the wind parameter estimation problem is formulated as a function optimization problem, which realizes the fast and accurate measurement of wind speed and direction. Then, the artificial bee colony algorithm is used to measure wind speed and direction, further reducing the calculation amount of the wind parameter measurement. The performance and speed of the proposed method are verified by the design simulation and comparison experiments, reducing the time complexity by up to 90%. In addition, the feasibility of the proposed method is validated in hardware experiments.
A low-frequency acceleration sensor inspired by saccule in human vestibule
Authors: Jiang Yani , Liu Jialong , Zhang Wenxuan , Xiang Guangcheng , Chen Yuhang , He Can , Shen Hui , Gong Junjie , Bian Yixiang
Published: February 2023

A human vestibular system is a group of devices in the inner ear that govern the balancing movement of the head, in which the saccule is responsible for sensing gravity accelerations. Imitating the sensing principle and structure of the Sensory Hair (SH) cell in the saccule, a Bionic Sensory Hair (BSH) was developed, and 9 BSH arrays were arranged in the bionic macular at the bottom of the spherical shell to prepare a Bionic Saccule (BS). Based on the piezoelectric equation, the electromechanical theoretical models of the BSH cantilever and BS were deduced. They were subjected to impact oscillations using an exciter, and their output charges were analyzed to check their sensing ability. The results showed that BSH could sense its bending deflection, and the BS could sense its position change in the sagittal plane and in space. They exhibited a sensitivity of 1.6104 Pc s2/m and a fast response and similar sensing principles and low resonance frequency to those of the human saccule. The BS is expected to be used in the field of robotics and clinical disease diagnosis as a part of the artificial vestibular system in the future.
Seebeck-driven transverse thermoelectric generation in magnetic hybrid bulk materials
Authors: Zhou Weinan , Miura Asuka , Hirai Takamasa , Sakuraba Yuya , Uchida Ken-ichi
Published: February 2023

Seebeck-driven transverse thermoelectric generation in magnetic/thermoelectric hybrid materials (STTG) has been investigated in all-bulk hybrid materials. Transverse thermopower in a ferromagnetic Co2MnGa/thermoelectric n-type Si hybrid bulk material with adjusted dimensions reaches 16.0 μV/K at room temperature with the aid of the STTG contribution, which is much larger than the anomalous Nernst coefficient of the Co2MnGa slab (6.8 μV/K). Although this transverse thermopower is smaller than the value for previously reported thin-film-based hybrid materials, hybrid bulk materials exhibit much larger electrical power owing to their small internal resistance. This demonstration confirms the validity of STTG in bulk materials and clarifies its potential as a thermal energy harvester.
Origin of the anomalous Hall effect at the magnetic insulator/heavy metals interface
Authors: Husain Sajid , Figueiredo-Prestes Nicholas , Fayet Olivier , Collin Sophie , Godel Florian , Jacquet Eric , Reyren Nicolas , Jaffrès Henri , George Jean-Marie
Published: February 2023

Ferrimagnetic insulators (FIMIs) are considered to be promising candidates in spin–orbit torque (SOT) devices due to their ability to propagate a spin current by magnons without Ohmic losses owing to the absence of electronic scattering. Moreover, any electrical current shunt is avoided in magnetic insulating materials. On the other hand, SOT-induced magnetization switching is generally measured through the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in FIMI/heavy metal (HM) systems. However, the origin of AHE in FIMI/HM remains elusive since charges flow only in the HM. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that the AHE has the same origin as the spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR). To this end, we have studied two bilayer heterostructures, Tm3Fe5O12(TmIG)/W and TmIG/Pt, where we ensure opposite spin Hall effect (SHE) signs for two heavy metals (W and Pt). The magnitudes of AHE and SMR are found to be larger for TmIG/W than TmIG/Pt. We have also evidenced the identical polarity of AHE hysteresis in both systems revealing a square dependency on the spin Hall angle whereas the current-induced magnetization switching polarity in TmIG/W is opposite to that of TmIG/Pt as expected for opposite spin Hall angle signs. Our results establish that the AHE and the spin-Hall magnetoresistance in TmIG insulating ferromagnets and heavy metal bilayers originate from the same mechanism.
A visual detection method of cardiomyocyte relaxation and contraction
Authors: Zhang Yidi , Zhao Xin , Liu Yaowei
Published: February 2023

Contraction and relaxation are important functions of cardiomyocytes, and measuring their characteristics provides an evaluation index to explore the effects of drugs on cardiomyocytes. In addition, cardiomyocytes have an innate advantage in acting as a biopower by virtue of their ability to contract and relax, which also requires the detection of cardiomyocyte actions. However, existing measurement methods, such as mechanosensor measurements and calcium concentration measurements, have high requirements for experimental equipment and operation and are challenging to perform simultaneously with other cellular manipulations. Here, we propose a simple visual detection method for cardiomyocyte contraction and relaxation. We first recorded the contraction and relaxation of cardiomyocytes under a bright-field microscope, then used the optical flow method to track the sampling points on the cardiomyocytes in the video, and obtained the frequency of cardiomyocyte contraction and relaxation by analyzing the optical flow matrices. This method does not require the use of additional equipment or additional processing of cardiomyocytes, which significantly reduces the operational difficulty of detection and provides a method to achieve real-time detection of cardiomyocyte contraction and relaxation.
Surface charge characteristics in surface dielectric barrier discharge actuators with thin cylindrical exposed electrode
Authors: Li Jia-Qi , Yan Hui-Jie , Li Ting , Yu Si-Qi , Fan Jing-Wen , Song Jian
Published: February 2023

The influence of the cylindrical exposed electrode diameter on distribution and attenuation of the surface charge in surface dielectric barrier discharges is experimentally investigated using the Pockels effect of the Bi12SiO20 crystal. For the actuator with the smaller exposed electrode diameter, more positive charges accumulate closer to the exposed electrode after positive half periodic discharge, while the quantity of positive charges deposited on the surface in a discharge period at the same distance away from the exposed electrode is smaller. At the same time, the smaller the exposed electrode diameter is, the shorter decay time the positive charge filament needs. Combined with thrust generation of actuators, it can be indicated that a positive residual surface charge closer to the exposed electrode may play a more crucial role in the discharge and consequent thrust than one far away from the exposed electrode does. Also, the effect on the discharge of the positive residual surface charge may be greater than that of the negative residual surface charge. More explorations of the residual surface charge have been done by selectively enhancing the discharge of the actuator with a 10 μm exposed electrode using the pulse-AC dual power supply, drawing the same conclusions.
Raman study of Cd1−xZnxTe phonons and phonon–polaritons—Experiment andab initiocalculations
Authors: Alhaddad T. , Shoker M. B. , Pagès O. , Postnikov A. V. , Torres V. J. B. , Polian A. , Le Godec Y. , Itié J. P. , Broch L. , Bouzourâa M. B. , En Naciri A. , Diliberto S. , Michel S. , Franchetti P. , Marasek A. , Strzałkowski K.
Published: February 2023

Backward/near-forward Raman scattering and ab initio Raman/phonon calculations are combined, together with x-ray diffraction and ellipsometry measurements to further inform the debate on the compact phonon behavior of the II–VI Cd1−xZnxTe alloy. The compacity favors the coupling of polar optic modes in both the transverse and longitudinal symmetries via the related (EL,T) long-wave electric fields. The EL-coupling achieves maximum in the Zn-dilute limit, which enhances the (upper) ZnTe-like (impurity) mode at the expense of the (lower) CdTe-like (matrix-like) one, leaving the impression of a unique {Cd-Te,Zn−Te}-mixed longitudinal optic (LO) phonon across most of the composition domain. However, the purely mechanical (non-polar) transverse optic (PM-TO) phonons, that hardly couple, reveal an underlying three-mode {1 × (Cd-Te),2 × (Zn-Te)} fine structure that distinguishes between Zn–Te vibrations in Zn- and Cd-like environments up to second neighbors. Further refinement arises by exploring the phonon–polariton (i.e., polar-TO) regime at large Zn content. On reducing the scattering angle, the ET-coupling develops into a sequential softening of phonon–polaritons from ZnTe- down to CdTe-like ones, which transiently unveils a bimodal pattern behind the Cd–Te signal. Altogether, this results in a (rare) canonical four-mode {2 × (Cd-Te),2 × (Zn-Te)} percolation pattern for Cd1−xZnxTe, i.e., a close II–VI replica of the twin III−V In1−xGaxAs one—yet differing by two apparent LO modes and a sensitivity of bond vibrations limited to first-neighbors. Retrospectively, the difference in sensitivity of bond vibrations to the local environment between In1−xGaxAs (limited to first neighbors) and Cd1−xZnxTe (extending up to second neighbors) emerges as a rule throughout common (covalent) III–V and (ionic) II–VI semiconductor alloys.
Enhanced out-of-plane piezoelectricity and carrier mobility in Janus
γ
-Sn2XY (X /Y= S, Se, Te) monolayers: A first-principles prediction
Authors: Vu Tuan V. , Phuc Huynh V. , Kartamyshev A. I. , Hieu Nguyen N.
Published: February 2023

In this Letter, we design Janus γ-Sn2XY (X/Y= S, Se, Te) monolayers and predict their piezoelectricity and carrier mobility by using first-principles simulations. Janus γ-Sn2XY are found to be indirect semiconducting characteristics with a camel's back-like dispersion in the top valence band. We discovered that Janus γ-Sn2XY are piezoelectric with high out-of-plane piezoelectric coefficients. Our calculated results for the piezoelectricity demonstrate that the out-of-plane piezoelectric coefficient d31 of Janus γ-Sn2STe is calculated to be 1.02 pm/V, larger than that of other 2D structures. Moreover, our calculations for the transport features reveal that while the carrier mobility of γ-Sn2SSe is directionally isotropic, the electron mobility of both γ-Sn2STe and γ-Sn2SeTe exhibit high anisotropy along the two transport directions. The Janus γ-Sn2XY monolayers have high electron mobility, especially the electron mobility of γ-Sn2STe exceeds 105 cm2 V–1 s–1, which is potential for nanoelectronic applications.
Quantum capacitance properties of the holes in planar germanium
Authors: Li Jian-Kun , Wang Hong-Zhang , Zhang Jie-Yin , Song Yuan-Jun , Guo Zheng-Shan , Yang Cheng-Gang , Lin Xi , Zhang Jian-Jun , Chen Jian-Hao , Pei Tian
Published: February 2023

Quantum capacitance of two-dimensional (2D) systems contains useful physical information. Here, we report a high sensitivity quantum capacitance measurement with an improved radio frequency superheterodyne bridge technique for probing the electronic characteristic of Ge/SiGe 2D hole gas (2DHG) at low temperatures and under a perpendicular magnetic field B⊥. At low fields, a rapid decrease in quantum capacitance following B⊥−3 dependence is observed, indicating an abrupt change in chemical potential near the gate boundary at high frequencies; at high fields, a series of capacitance oscillations are observed due to the Landau quantization and Zeeman splitting of the Ge/SiGe 2DHG, where gate-dependent effective g factor under B⊥ is extracted. These results represent implementation of the high-precision capacitance measurement for exploring the physical properties of Ge/SiGe 2DHG.
Wetting of porous thin films exhibiting large contact angles
Authors: Helseth L. E. , Greve M. M.
Published: February 2023

Porous solid films that promote large apparent contact angles are interesting systems since their wetting properties are dependent on both the surface structure and water penetration into the film. In this study, a parahydrophobic coating is made by sequential dip coating of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and stearic acid on polished copper substrates. The apparent contact angles are determined using the tilted plate method, and it is found that the liquid–vapor interaction decreases and water droplets are more likely to move off the film when the number of coated layers increases. Interestingly, it is found that under some conditions, the front contact angle can be smaller than the back contact angle. Scanning electron microscopy observations demonstrate that the coating process led to the formation of hydrophilic TiO2 nanoparticle domains and hydrophobic stearic acid flakes that allows heterogeneous wetting. By monitoring the electrical current through the water droplet to the copper substrate, it is found that the water drops penetrate the coating layer to make direct contact with the copper surface with a time delay and magnitude that depends on the coating thickness. This additional penetration of water into the porous film enhances the adhesion of the droplet to the film and provides a clue to understand the contact angle hysteresis.
Study on magnetization dynamics modulated by spin-orbit-torque in a Ni81Fe19/NiO/Ni81Fe19 multilayered wire
Authors: Yamaguchi Akinobu , Matsumoto Nobuko , Yoshikawa Wataru , Fujii Yasuhisa
Published: February 2023

As electrical control of magnetization dynamics opens the door to realize spintronic devices, understanding the microscopic mechanisms of spin current transport and its effect through the antiferromagnetic and interface is crucial. We studied magnetization dynamics modulated by the spin current originated from the spin-orbit-torque using the rectifying planar Hall effect (PHE). In Ni81Fe19/NiO/Ni81Fe19 heterostructure wire deposited on Pt/Ta cross-tie electrode, we measured the rectifying PHE as a function of external magnetic field angle and dc electric current. By measuring the electrical responses of the heterostructure system, we found that the magnetization dynamics can be modulated by the dc electric current flowing through the Pt/Ta electrode.
Development of gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles as a theranostic agent for magnetic hyperthermia and CT imaging applications
Authors: Tonthat Loi , Kimura Mone , Ogawa Tomoyuki , Kitamura Narufumi , Kobayashi Yoshio , Gonda Kohsuke , Yabukami Shin
Published: February 2023

In this study, we aim to develop gold-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@Au NPs) as theranostic agents for magnetic hyperthermia and CT imaging applications. The Fe3O4 NPs were synthesized via thermal decomposition method, and the gold was then deposited onto the surface of Fe3O4 NPs by reducing gold acetate at 190 °C. The average sizes of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@Au NPs were 5.2 nm and 6.1 nm, respectively, which are effectively removed by the kidneys. The magnetization of Fe3O4@Au NPs (9.7 emu/g-Fe3O4) at 300 K was much smaller than that of Fe3O4 NPs (52.4 emu/g-Fe3O4). The heating efficiency of Fe3O4@Au NPs in water was sufficient to treat the tumor at 43–45 °C, and their high CT value of 851 HU was obtained. The synthesized ultrasmall Fe3O4@Au NPs showed great promise as a potential theranostic agent for magnetic hyperthermia and CT imaging applications.
Soft magnetic Fe–Ni thick films plated on a non-conductive substrate using an electroless plating
Authors: Yanai T. , Shiokawa R. , Hidaka Y. , Yamashita A. , Nakano M. , Fukunaga H.
Published: February 2023

We prepared Fe–Ni films on non-conductive substrates (Polyimide sheets) using the electroless plating method and investigated the metallization process of the PI sheets and the magnetic properties of the films. To obtain suitable conditions for the metallization of the PI surface, we changed the immersion time in KOH and AgNO3. As a result, the thickness slightly increased with increasing the immersion time in KOH, and the obvious effect of the immersion time in AgNO3 on the film thickness was not observed. The coercivity of the films plated on the PI sheet increased with increasing the thickness due to an increase in the roughness, and the value of coercivity was almost the same as previously reported ones (Hc = 30–96 A/m) using conductive substrates. We, therefore, concluded that the Fe–Ni films with low coercivity could be obtained by the optical metallization of the PI surface.
Pangenomic analysis reveals plant NAD
+
manipulation as an important virulence activity of bacterial pathogen effectors
Authors: Hulin Michelle T. , Hill Lionel , Jones Jonathan D. G. , Ma Wenbo
Published: February 2023

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD
+
) has emerged as a key component in prokaryotic and eukaryotic immune systems. The recent discovery that Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) proteins function as NAD
+
hydrolases (NADase) links NAD
+
-derived small molecules with immune signaling. We investigated pathogen manipulation of host NAD
+
metabolism as a virulence strategy. Using the pangenome of the model bacterial pathogen
Pseudomonas syringae
, we conducted a structure-based similarity search from 35,000 orthogroups for type III effectors (T3Es) with potential NADase activity. Thirteen T3Es, including five newly identified candidates, were identified that possess domain(s) characteristic of seven NAD
+
-hydrolyzing enzyme families. Most
Pseudomonas syringae
strains that depend on the type III secretion system to cause disease, encode at least one NAD
+
-manipulating T3E, and many have several. We experimentally confirmed the type III-dependent secretion of a novel T3E, named HopBY, which shows structural similarity to both TIR and adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR) cyclase. Homologs of HopBY were predicted to be type VI effectors in diverse bacterial species, indicating potential recruitment of this activity by microbial proteins secreted during various interspecies interactions. HopBY efficiently hydrolyzes NAD
+
and specifically produces 2′cADPR, which can also be produced by TIR immune receptors of plants and by other bacteria. Intriguingly, this effector promoted bacterial virulence, indicating that 2′cADPR may not be the signaling molecule that directly initiates immunity. This study highlights a host-pathogen battleground centered around NAD
+
metabolism and provides insight into the NAD
+
-derived molecules involved in plant immunity.