bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal pattern of domestic cattle slaughtering in the Late Bronze Age Tanalyk settlement (Southern Ural)
Authors: Bachura O.P. , Kosintsev P.A.
Published: March 2021

The settlement of Tanalyk (Bashkortostan) is the most fully studied household object of the Late Bronze Age in the territory of Southern Ural. The pottery assemblage allows attributing it to the Srubnaya — Alakul type. The majority of bone remains in this site belong to domestic animals, and the number of wild species remains is ex-tremely small. There is no evidence of farming in the Late Bronze Age. Thus, the subsistence of the Tanalyk population was based on livestock production. As such, the time of livestock slaughtering can be indicative of people’s presence in the site. The purpose of the present research was to determine the type of the Late Bronze Age Tanalyk settlement as permanent or seasonal. The slaughtering season and the age of cattle (46 individu-als), sheep/goats (33 individuals) and horses (24 individuals) have been determined. Both determinations were based on the analysis of growth layers in animal teeth (cement and dentine). In archaeozoology, there is a tradi-tional method of estimation of animal age-at-death based on the state of their dental system. Data obtained by these two methods have been inter-compared. It has been established that domestic animals were slaughtered entire year round, with no seasonal preference for various species. Only for sheep/goats, slaughtering season was related to their age. In warm seasons, young animals were slaughtered three times more often than in cold time of the year. Cattle, sheep/goat and horses were slaughtered mainly in cold seasons, in smaller numbers in summer, and only in minimal quantities in spring. The practice of year-round slaughtering of animals shows, that at least part of the community lived in the settlement permanently and did not make seasonal movements. Com-parison of the age structures obtained from the study of tooth growth layers and the condition of the dental system showed their strong structures similarity, which is very important methodologically. This allows a reliable use of the age structure based on the condition of dental system to interpret the patterns of economic exploitation of domestic ungulates.
Nomads of the Lower Volga Region in the second half of the 3rd — 4th c. AD
based on bioarchaeological data
Authors: Pererva E.V. , Krivosheev M.V.
Published: March 2021

This paper represents an attempt to conduct a bioarchaeological study of the anthropological materials of the Late Sarmatian period from burials of the late 3rd — 4th c. AD in the Lower Volga Region. The examined group consisted of osteological remains of 24 individuals. The standard assessment program of skeletal pathological conditions and univariate and multivariate statistics methods were applied. The study has shown that the series from the late 3rd — 4th c. AD nomadic burials of the Lower Volga Region is generally compatible with the Sarma-tian group of the late 2nd — early 3rd c. AD and that of the late Sarmatian time. Yet, there are identifiable differ-ences in the late group, which must be related to negative factors associated with the environmental changes during that period.
Increasing Energy and Material Consumption Efficiency by Application of Material and Energy Flow Cost Accounting System (Case Study: Turbine Blade Production)
Authors: Hakimi Asghar , Abedi Zahra , Dadashian Fatemeh
Published: March 2021

It is often difficult to extract data on material and energy wates and related costs in the value chain of conventional production units. Many organizations are not fully aware of the actual cost of material and energy waste. For this purpose, advanced costing methods should be used. This study uses material and energy flow cost accounting to determine material costs, losses, and waste management. The case study of this research is the construction of turbine blades in Iran Power Plant Company. In this study, using the extracted data, the construction costs of turbine blades have been studied. The conventional method of making a turbine blade is the machining method, which we will see has a huge amount of wastes of materials and energy. By studying different methods, we will find that there is an alternative method called forging, which reduces losses and costs. Finally, the costs of the two methods are compared. Engineering economics techniques have also been used to compare two methods on a long-term planning horizon.
Endothelial Autocrine Signaling through 2CXCL12/CXCR4/FoxM1 Axis Contributes to Severe Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Yi Dan , Liu Bin , Wang Ting , Liao Qi , Zhu Maggie M. , Zhao You-Yang , Dai Zhiyu
Published: March 2021

Endothelial autocrine signaling is essential to maintain vascular hemostasis. There is limited in-formation about the role of endothelial autocrine signaling in regulating severe pulmonary vas-cular remodeling during the onset of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In this study, we employed the first severe PAH mouse model, Egln1Tie2Cre (Tie2Cre-mediated disruption of Egln1) mice, to identify the novel autocrine signaling mediating the pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (PVECs) hyperproliferation and the pathogenesis of PAH. PVECs isolated from Egln1Tie2Cre lung expressed upregulation of many growth factors or angiocrine factors such as CXCL12, and exhib-ited hyperproliferative phenotype in coincident with upregulation of proliferation specific tran-scriptional factor FoxM1. Treatment of CXCL12 on PVECs increased FoxM1 expression, which was blocked by CXCL12 receptor CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 in culture human PVECs. Endo-thelial specific deletion of Cxcl12 (Egln1/Cxcl12Tie2 Cre) or AMD3100 treatment in Egln1Tie2Cre mice downregulated FoxM1 expression in vivo. We then generated and characterized a novel mouse model with endothelial specific FoxM1 deletion in Egln1Tie2Cre mice (Egln1/Foxm1Tie2Cre), and found that endothelial FoxM1 deletion reduced pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular systolic pressure. Together, our study identified a novel mechanism of endothelial autocrine sig-naling in regulating PVECs hyperproliferation and pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH.
A Simple Chaotic Map Model for Fractal Traffic Generation in High-speed Computer Networks
Authors: Millán Ginno
Published: March 2021

An extension of the models used to generate fractal traffic flows is presented by means of the formulation of a model that considers the use of one-dimensional chaotic maps. Based on the disaggregation of the temporal series generated by the model, a valid explanation of behavior of the values of Hurst exponent is proposed and the feasibility of their control from the parameters of the proposed model is shown.
Hypoxic Tubular Epithelial Cells Regulating Angiogenesis by Rab 7
Authors: Yang Yiqiong , Wang Jing , Zhang Yu , Hu Xiuxiu , Li Li , Chen Pingsheng
Published: March 2021

The purpose of our study was to discuss Rab 7 effects in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: Using WT and Rab 7-/- mice as target animal, and HK-2 and HMEC-1 cell co-cultured to make cell model. Measuring kidney tissues were evaluated by Sirius red staining, immunohistochemistry staining to CD 34 protein, Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and gelatin zymography to MMP-2 activities. The cell proliferation were measured by CCK-8 and Ki67 protein expression. Measuring cell invasion and total length were evaluated by transwell and in vitro angiogenesis assay. MMP-2 activities were evaluated by gelatin zymography in cell groups. The relative proteins expression were evaluated by Western blot in kidney tissues and cell groups. Results: Hypoxia promoted the expression of Rab7 in HMEC-1, and the activity of MMP-2 related with regulatory molecules such as reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (RECK), negative correlation with membrane-type 1 MMP (MT1-MMP or MMP-14) on the membrane of TECs. In addition, the up-regulation of the expression of Rab7 inhibited the activity of MMP-2 and proliferation and cyclization of endothelial cells, and the inhibitor of MMP-2 partially blocked the effects of Rab7 on angiogenesis. Furthermore, the similar data were also obtained in the fibrosis kidney tissues of mice. Conclusion: Rab 7 might be an important role in hypoxic TECs regulated angiogenesis, Rab 7 knockdown could improve hypoxic TECs regulated angiogenesis, the relative mechanisms might be correlation with RECK pathway and MMP-2 activities in vivo and vitro study.
Neurofluids – Deep Inspiration, Cilia and Preloading of the Astrocytic Network
Authors: Ludwig Hans , Dreha-Kulaczewski Steffi , Bock Christoph
Published: March 2021

With the advent of real-time MRI, the motion and passage of cerebrospinal fluid can be visualized without gating and exclusion of low-frequency waves. This imaging modality gives insights into low-volume, rapidly oscillating cardiac-driven movement as well as sustained, high-volume, slowly oscillating inspiration-driven movement.Inspiration means a spontaneous or artificial increase in the intrathoracic dimensions independent of body position. Alterations in thoracic diameter enable the thoracic and spinal epidural venous compartments to be emptied and filled, producing an upward surge of cerebrospinal fluid inside the spine during inspiration; this surge counterbalances the downward pooling of venous blood toward the heart.Real-time MRI, as a macroscale in vivo observation method, could expand our knowledge of neurofluid dynamics, including how astrocytic fluid preloading is adjusted and how brain buoyancy and turgor are maintained in different postures and zero gravity.Along with these macroscale findings, new microscale insights into aquaporin-mediated fluid transfer, its sensing by cilia and its tuning by nitric oxide will be reviewed. By incorporating clinical knowledge spanning several disciplines, certain disorders—congenital hydrocephalus with Chiari malformation, idiopathic intracranial hypertension and adult idiopathic hydrocephalus—are interpreted and reviewed according to current concepts, from the basics of the interrelated systems to their pathology.
Combining Visible Light and Non-Focused Ultrasound Significantly Reduces Propionibacterium acnes Biofilm While Having Limited Effect on Host Cells
Authors: Schafer Mark E. , McNeely Tessie
Published: March 2021

Abstract: Bacterial biofilms are highly resistant to antibiotics and have been implicated in the etiology of 60-80% of chronic microbial infections. We tested a novel combination of low intensity ultrasound and blue light against biofilm and planktonic bacteria. A laboratory prototype was built which produced both energies uniformly and coincidently from a single treatment head, impinging upon a 4.45 cm^2 target. To demonstrate proof of concept, Propionibacterium acnes biofilm was cultured on Millicell hanging inserts in 6-well plates. Hanging inserts with biofilm were treated in a custom exposure chamber designed to minimize unwanted ultrasound reflections. Coincident delivery of both energies demonstrated synergy over either alone, killing both stationary planktonic and biofilm cultures of P. acnes. Biofilm killing was dose dependent on exposure time (i.e. energy delivered). P. acnes biofilms were significantly reduced by the dual energy treatment (p<0.0001), with a >1 log10 reduction after a 5 min (9 J/cm^2) and >3 log10 reduction after a 30 min (54 J/cm^2) treatment (p<0.05). Mammalian cells were found unaffected by the treatment. Both the light and the ultrasound energies are at levels previously cleared by the FDA. Therefore, this combination treatment could be used as a safe, efficacious method to treat biofilm related syndromes.
Willingness to Purchase Selenium- and Iodine-Biofortified Apples – A Discrete Choice Analysis with German Consumers
Authors: Kleine-Kalmer Ruth , Profeta Adriano , Daum Diemo , Enneking Ulrich
Published: March 2021

Selenium and iodine are essential micronutrients for humans. They are often deficient in food supply due to low phytoavailable concentrations in soil. Agronomic biofortification of food crops is one approach to overcome micronutrient malnutrition. This study focused on German consumers’ willingness to purchase selenium- and/or iodine-biofortified apples. For this purpose, an online survey was carried out. In this context, consumers were asked to choose their most preferred apple product from a set card of product alternatives (Discrete Choice Experiment). The multinomial logit model results demonstrated that German consumers’ have a preference in particular for iodine-biofortified apples. Furthermore, apple choice was mainly influenced by price, health claims, and plastic-free packaging material. Viewed individually, selenium did not exert an effect on product choice whereas positive interactions between both micronutrients exist.
Integrative Approach for Groundwater Pollution Risk Assessment based on Hydrogeological and Socio-economic Conditions in Southwest of Damascus Basin
Authors: Asmael Nazeer , Villanueva Jessica , Peyraube Nicolas , Baalousha Mohamed , Huneau Frédéric , Dupuy Alain , Le Coustumer Philippe
Published: March 2021

As for most Mediterranean countries, groundwater is the main resource for irrigation and drinking supply in most parts of Syria, however this resource suffers from mismanagement. In the study area (Northeast of Mt. Hermon), the lack of information makes water management in this area extremely difficult. Assessing groundwater pollution risk is the most essential issue for water resources management, especially in the regions where complex interaction between climate, geology, geomorphology, hydrogeology, water scarcity and water resource mismanagement exist. This complexity leads to significant complication in determining pollution risk of studied system. In the present work, we adopted an Integrative Approach to assess groundwater pollution risk in the study area. This methodology is based on the analysis of hydrogeological characteristic of aquifer system and the available information about socio-economic context and physio-chemical groundwater condition that might affect this system. This approach allowed us to delineate the groundwater pollution risk map based on the analysis of concerning parameters/ indicators. The degree of risk was assessed based as the sum and average of rating of these parameters and indicators for each subarea. Typically, very high pollution risk index was identified over the Quaternary/Neogene horizon, i.e shallow and unconfined aquifer and in the lower part of Jurassic aquifer. In these two parts, the majority of anthropogenic activities are concentrated. Low pollution risk index was found for the outcropping of low permeable Quaternary basalt at the Southern part of the study area. A moderate pollution index was identified for the low/moderate permeability of silt, clay and marly limestone rich horizons of the major part of Neogene aquifer outside of the intersected zones with Quaternary aquifer and for the Paleogene formations. The spatial analysis shows that about 50% of the study area is characterized as being at very high and high pollution risk index. Hence, the overall natural protective capacity of this area is still poor. This study demonstrates the flexibility of the proposed approach to assess groundwater pollution risk in local complex aquifer system characterized by lack of information and data in order to reduce the risk of future groundwater pollution.
E/e’ ratio Predicts the Atrial Pacing-induced Left atrial Pressure Response in Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Roh Seung-Young , Lee Kwang-No , Baek Yong-soo , Iqbal Mohammad , Jena Anupam , Tseveendee Saruul , Shim Jaemin , Choi Jong-Il , Kim Young-Hoon
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Left atrial hypertension is one of the pathophysiologies of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. We hypothesized that left atrial pressure response (LAPR) to incremental pacing is higher in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and can predict left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Methods: Patients requiring left atrial access as a part of a therapeutic procedure for AF (n=204, AF group) or supraventricular tachycardia (n=34, control group) were analyzed (male n=183, 54±12 years old). LAPR was measured during incremental pacing. Results: Baseline left atrial pressure and LAPR at all pacing rates were not different between the AF and control groups. They were higher in patients with a high E/e’ (≥ 8) than in those with a low E/e’ (< 8). LAPR at a pacing interval of 400ms and E/e' were positively correlated (r=0.373, p<0.001). Body mass index and a high E/e' were independent predictors of pacing-induced left atrial hypertension. Conclusions: The LAPR to incremental pacing was constant regardless of AF. The non-invasive echocardiographic marker E/e' reflected pacing-induced left atrial hypertension.
Discrete Element Method Modeling for the Failure Analysis of Dry Mono-Size Coke Aggregates
Authors: Sadeghi Chahardeh Alireza , Mollaabbasi Roozbeh , Picard Donald , Taghavi Seyed Mohammad , Alamdari Houshang
Published: March 2021

An in-depth study of the failure of granular materials, which is known as a mechanism to generate defects, can reveal the facts about the origin of the imperfections such as cracks in the carbon anodes. The initiation and propagation of the cracks in the carbon anode, especially the horizontal cracks below the stub-holes, reduce the anode efficiency during the electrolysis process. In order to avoid the formation of cracks in the carbon anodes, the failure analysis of coke aggregates can be employed to determine the appropriate recipe and operating conditions. In this paper, it will be shown that a particular failure mode can be responsible for the crack generation in the carbon anodes. The second-order work criterion is employed to analyze the failure of the coke aggregate specimens and the relationships between the second-order work, the kinetic energy, and the instability of the granular material are investigated. In addition, the coke aggregates are modeled by exploiting the discrete element method (DEM) to reveal the micro-mechanical behavior of the dry coke aggregates during the compaction process. The optimal number of particles required for the failure analysis in the DEM simulations is determined. The effects of the confining pressure and the strain rate as two important compaction process parameters on the failure are studied. The results reveal that increasing the confining pressure enhances the probability of the diffusing mode of the failure in the specimen. On the other hand, the increase of strain rate augments the chance of the strain localization mode of the failure in the specimen.
Usage of Fermental Traps for Studying the Species Diversity of Coleoptera
Authors: Ruchin Alexander B. , Egorov Leonid V. , Khapugin Anatoliy A.
Published: March 2021

The possibilities of applying various methods to study Coleoptera give unexpected and original results. The studies were carried out with the help of fermental crown traps in 2018-2020 on the territory of eight regions in the central part of European Russia. The biodiversity of Coleoptera that fall into crown traps includes 294 species from 45 families. The number of species attracted to the fermenting bait is about a third of the total number of species in the traps (this is 97.4% of the number of all caught specimens). The largest number of species that have been found in traps belong to the families Cerambycidae, Elateridae and Curculionidae. The most actively attracted species mainly belong to the families Cerambycidae, Nitidulidae and Scarabaeidae. Species of these families are equally attracted by baits made of beer, white and red wines. To identify the Coleoptera biodiversity of a particular biotope, two-year studies are sufficient, which should be carried out throughout the vegetation season. Especially good results can be obtained from studies of rare species that are actively attracted by such baits. It is possible to study the verti-cal-horizontal distribution of Coleoptera fauna in individual biotopes.
Machine Learning on the COVID-19 Pandemic, Human Mobility, and Air Quality: A Review
Authors: Rahman Md Mokhlesur , Paul Kamal Chandra , Hossain Md. Amjad , Ali G. G. Md. Nawaz , Rahman Md. Shahinoor , Thill Jean-Claude
Published: March 2021

The ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic is affecting every facet of human lives (e.g., public health, education, economy, transportation, and the environment). This novel pandemic and citywide implemented lockdown measures are affecting virus transmission, people’s travel patterns, and air quality. Many studies have been conducted to predict the COVID-19 diffusion, assess the impacts of the pandemic on human mobility and air quality, and assess the impacts of lockdown measures on viral spread with a range of Machine Learning (ML) techniques. This review study aims to analyze results from past research to understand the interactions among the COVID-19 pandemic, lockdown measures, human mobility, and air quality. The critical review of prior studies indicates that urban form, people's socioeconomic and physical conditions, social cohesion, and social distancing measures significantly affect human mobility and COVID-19 transmission. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many people are inclined to use private transportation for necessary travel purposes to mitigate coronavirus-related health problems. This review study also noticed that COVID-19 related lockdown measures significantly improve air quality by reducing the concentration of air pollutants, which in turn improves the COVID-19 situation by reducing respiratory-related sickness and deaths of the people. It is argued that ML is a powerful, effective, and robust analytic paradigm to handle complex and wicked problems such as a global pandemic. This study also discusses policy implications, which will be helpful for policymakers to take prompt actions to moderate the severity of the pandemic and improve urban environments by adopting data-driven analytic methods.
The Complex Order Fractional Derivatives and Systems Are Non Hermitian
Authors: Ortigueira Manuel
Published: March 2021

This paper discusses the concept of fractional derivative with complex order from the application point of view. It is shown that a fractional derivative is hermitian, if and only if the order is real. The hermitian part of complex order derivatives behave like allpass filters with almost logarithmic phase.
Impacts of Watersheds’ Landscape and Climate Descriptors on Surface Runoff in a Mountainous Region
Authors: Gudeta Hirpo , Ayenew Tenalem
Published: March 2021

Watershed’s landscape features and climate features have a significant influence on the mountainous catchment’s hydrological response. This literature review synthesizes recent kinds of literature investigating associations between surface runoff and catchment’s landscape features, and the potential controls of climate variables, with an emphasis on mountainous regions. Such factors are significant controls on surface runoff through their influence on the rate of infiltration capacity, antecedent soil moisture conditions, and underlying bedrock structure. The literature review indicates that there are considerable issues that remain to be resolved in advance a concrete understanding of the influence of catchment’s characteristics on surface runoff response.
Safety Analysis of Young Pedestrian Behavior at Signalized Intersections: An Eye-Tracking Study
Authors: Gruden Chiara , Ištoka Otković Irena , Šraml Matjaž
Published: March 2021

Smartphones have become an integral part of our everyday lives and keep us busy while doing other primary activities such as driving, cycling or walking in traffic. The problem of digital distraction among drivers has been largely addressed, and interest is growing also on vulnerable road users as well: In fact, high percentages of pedestrians and cyclists are accustomed to checking their devices while moving in traffic. This research links to the presented theme and aims to investigate the extent to which digital distraction in the form of social media app checking influences pedestrian behavior. The focus of the study is specifically on signalized intersections. An outdoor, eye-tracking experiment was conducted on a specific route consisting of various elements typical of urban areas. Participants were asked to walk the predefined route twice, en-countering three signalized intersections: the first time they were asked to walk with their smartphone in hand, the second time without. The recordings of each participant's route were then analyzed, examining reaction time, crossing time and speed, fixations, and gaze paths. The results show a clear impact of digital devices on pedestrians' attention by increasing their reaction and crossing times and decreasing crossing speeds. In addition, the analysis of fixations found that 82.54% of the time was devoted to the smartphone, while interest in other street ele-ments decreased from 16.64% to 4.03%.
Security-Focused Prototyping: A Natural Precursor to Secure Development
Authors: Attwood Sam , Onumah Nana , Paxton-Fear Katie , Kharel Rupak
Published: March 2021

Secure development is a proactive approach to cyber security. Rather than building a technological solution and then securing it in retrospect, secure development strives to embed good security practices throughout the development process and thereby reduces risk. Unfortunately, evidence suggests secure development is complex, costly, and limited in practice. This article therefore introduces security-focused prototyping as a natural precursor to secure development that embeds security at the beginning of the development process, can be used to discover domain specific security requirements, and can help organisations navigate the complexity of secure development such that the resources and commitment it requires are better understood. Two case studies–one considering the creation of a bespoke web platform and the other considering the application layer of an Internet of Things system–verify the potential of the approach and its ability to discover domain specific security requirements in particular. Future work could build on this work by conducting case studies to further verify the potential of security-focused prototyping and even investigate its capacity to be used as a tool capable of reducing a broader, socio-technical, kind of risk.
REFLEXOTHERAPY IN COMPLEX RESTORATIVE TREATMENT IN ISCHEMIC STROKE PATIENTS
Authors:   Dagestan State Medical University, BEKTEMIROVA SAKINAT N. , NASRULLAEV MAGOMED N. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy
Published: March 2021

The aim of the study was to improve the effectiveness of treatment in ischemic stroke patients using reflexotherapy in complex therapy.
THE ELECTRONIC REGISTRY OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE PATIENTS: ANALYSIS OF FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MORTALITY
Authors:   Center for the Introduction of Changes of the Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, SHUBIN IGOR V. , MISHLANOV VITALY YU. ,   Perm State Medical University named after acad. E.A. Vagner, KOSHURNIKOVA EKATERINA P. ,   Perm State Medical University named after acad. E.A. Vagner
Published: March 2021

The aim of the study was to investigate clinical and phenotypic factors that influence the increase in the mortality rate in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease according to the electronic registry.
Environmental factors and psychomotor development in children up to the age of 3
Authors: Owsianowska Joanna , Wawrzynów Marta , Wieder-Huszla Sylwia , Zabielska Paulina , Kotwas Artur , Jurczak Anna , Karakiewicz Beata
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Chemical compounds and other pollutants found in the environment have a well-documented, adverse effect on the life and health of individuals. Those who are most vulnerable to toxic effects include prospective parents, pregnant women, foetuses, and young children. In Poland, both the prevention and early detection of developmental abnormalities is insufficient. The objective of the study was to analyse how the pre- and postnatal development of a child is affected by toxicants the mother has been exposed to.

Materials and methods

The study was conducted in the form of a diagnostic survey. The degree of toxic exposure was assessed based on Wawrzynów’s questionnaire, the Mothers’ Toxic Exposure Assessment Questionnaire’ (Kwestionariusz Oceny Narażenia Matek Dzieci na Toksyny – KONT-15). The evaluation of child development was based on the following psychometric tools: the Munich Functional Developmental Diagnostics (MFDD), the Speech (MM-speech) and Reflex (MM-reflexes) Development Questionnaire, IRMIK (Inwentarz Rozwoju Mowy i Komunikacji) – the Polish adaptation of the MacArthur-Bates Communication Development Inventories (CDI), and the Child Development (RD-18) questionnaire, also designed by Wawrzynów.

Results

The study included 102 mothers of children up to 3 years of age. Most of the surveyed mothers indicated large urban agglomerations with more than 100,000 inhabitants as their current place of residence. The study demonstrated that a substantial majority of the mothers had come into contact with toxicants. A statistically significant relationship was demonstrated between developmental delays in children and high exposure to toxins in mothers. There was no statistically significant relationship between maternal exposure to toxins and delays in the development of speech and reflexes.

Conclusions

Environmental pollutants found primarily in air, food, medication, and everyday items, exert a negative influence on childhood development. A high maternal exposure to toxins contributes to developmental delays in speech and reflexes in children. Delays in speech and communication development were observed more frequently in children who were older. Developmental delays in children were more common among younger children.
Enhanced Recovery of Nanoconfined Oil in Tight Rocks Using Lean Gas (C2H6 and CO2) Injection
Authors: Baek Seunghwan , Akkutlu I. Yucel
Published: March 2021

Organic matters in source rocks store oil in significantly larger volume than that based on its pore volume (PV) due to so-called nanoconfinement effects. With pressure depletion and production, however, oil recovery is characteristically low because of the low compressibility of the fluid and amplified interaction with pore surface in the nanoporous material. For the additional recovery, CO2 injection has been widely adopted in shale gas and tight oil recovery over the last decades. But its supply and corrosion are often pointed out as drawbacks. In this study, we propose ethane injection as an alternative enhanced oil recovery (EOR) strategy for more productive oil production from tight unconventional reservoirs. Monte Carlo (MC) molecular simulation is used to reconstruct molecular configuration in pores under reservoir conditions. Further, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation provides the basis for understanding the recovery mechanism of in-situ fluids. These enable us to estimate thermodynamic recovery and the free energy associated with dissolution of injected gas. Primary oil recovery is typically below 15%, indicating that pressure depletion and fluid expansion are no longer effective recovery mechanisms. Ethane injection shows 5 to 20% higher recovery enhancement than CO2 injection. The superior performance is more pronounced, especially in nanopores, because oil in the smaller pores is richer in heavy components compared to the bulk fluids, and ethane molecules are more effective in displacing the heavy hydrocarbons. Analysis of the dissolution free energy confirms that introducing ethane into reservoirs is more favored and requires less energy for the enhanced recovery.
Germination of Pulsatilla cernua var. koreana Seeds as Influenced by Harvest Dates and Development of Seeds Analyzed by X-ray Imaging
Authors: Yuan Tao , Wei Qiuying , Jourdan Pablo , Yoo Yong Kwon
Published: March 2021

Pulsatilla cernua var. koreana seeds were harvested at six different dates between 16 days after flowering (DAF) (8 Apr.) and 43 DAF (5 May) in 2018 and categorized into six groups based on X-ray images. Germination tests were performed without and with 2 weeks of moist 5 °C treatment [cold stratification (CS)]. Seeds harvested at 38 DAF (30 Apr.) with well-developed vegetative organs (embryo and endosperm) in seeds categorized as A and B (seed A and seed B, respectively) based on the X-ray images were considered fully developed, and 80% of seeds were considered mature. However, the germination rates were less than 26% or 28% when full seeds harvested at 43 DAF received no or 14 days of CS treatment, respectively. Our study suggests that the low germination rate of fully developed seeds as judged by X-ray images showing well-developed embryo and endosperm could result from the presence of dormancy that was not broken effectively by 14 days of CS coupled with the loss of viability caused by 8 months of dry storage at 5 °C.
Teachers’ Knowledge and Perception about Dyslexia: Developing and Validating a Scale
Authors: TOSUN Duygu , ARIKAN Serkan , BABÜR Nalan
Published: March 2021

Teachers have an important role in the achievement progress of students with dyslexia. Therefore, measuring teachers’ knowledge and perception of dyslexia is important. Given that an instrument that measures both teachers’ knowledge and perception of dyslexia is not available, this study aims to develop a scale to measure primary school teachers’ knowledge and perception of dyslexia. Two hundred and one primary school teachers participated in the study, and exploratory factor analysis was conducted to identify the dimensions of the scale and to select scale items. Configural, metric and scalar invariance across gender groups was supported. This study also examines whether teachers’ knowledge and perception of dyslexia differ with regard to their backgrounds. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between primary school teachers’ teaching experience and their knowledge of dyslexia. Also, their knowledge of dyslexia did not differ with regard to other variables of the study. On the other hand, there was a positive, but weak relationship between teaching experience and teachers’ negative perceptions of dyslexia. Primary school teachers who took a course about dyslexia in college had lower negative perceptions of dyslexia than teachers who did not do so. Teachers’ perceptions did not differ with regard to taking an in-service seminar, reading a book or an article or teaching a student with dyslexia. The current study is expected to contribute to dyslexia research in terms of providing a scale to measure teachers’ knowledge and perception of dyslexia.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES THROUGH PROBIOTICS
Authors:   Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Life Science School, KhulnaUniversity, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh., Shamim Gazi Md. , Ashikur Rahman Sheikh ,   Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Life Science School, KhulnaUniversity, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh.
Published: March 2021

In the recent time, people are often biased to decide an appropriate medicine to recover a chronic disease. This critical biasness is occurred due to use of some commercial drugs, which have prominent side effects. Probiotics is a promising approach for the upcoming eras. Probiotics are the live microbial food additives which give health beneficiary effects beyond basic nutrition upon consumption in adequate amount. In the recent time, consumption of probiotics based foods are increased and probiotics based foods like yoghurt is one of the best stratagies to overcome diabetes. Yoghurt is a potential source of probiotic lactobacilli. Dahi is a home made variant of yogurt. Dahi has been considered as a functional food due to its several health benefits i.e. antidiabetic, antidiarreal, anticarcinogenic, cholesterol lowering and antiatherogenic properties. In this review management of type 2 diabetes through probiotics are critically discussed.
THE PATRIARCH VIS-A-VIS MATRIARCH: FILLMORES FRAME SEMANTIC STUDY OF VIRGINIA WOOLFS BETWEEN THE ACTS
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Amity School of Languages, Amity University Chhattisgarh., Mishra Vagisha
Published: March 2021

Written towards the end of her life, long after Virginia Woolf had suffered from the outbreak of war, Between the Acts cautions critics who might be tempted to interpret the novel merely from the perspective of war. Despite of not having feminist characters or explicit references to feminist ideas on the surface level, the work contains many patriarchal identifiers. The paper attempts to highlight these patriarchal identifiers using Fillmores Frame Semantics thereby highlighting the juxtaposition of patriarchs as well as matriarchs in the defining period of literature.
EVALUATION OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS USING ULTRASOUND
Authors:   Department of Radiologeic Technology, College of Applied Medical Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia., Hamdan Abdullah , Alnaeem M. Alkhidir Nasraldeen ,   Department of Radiologeic Technology, College of Applied Medical Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia., Saeed Abdelmoneim ,   Department of Radiologeic Technology, College of Applied Medical Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Published: March 2021

The diagnosis of acute appendicitis is mainly clinical and to confirm the clinical diagnosis ultrasonography (USG) of the abdomen is being used to help in diagnosis of the disease. To find out the role of USG in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in clinically equivocal cases and to correlate USG findings with histopathological reports (HPR) of removed appendix.Total numbers of 100 patients were included in the study from 12March 2019 to 5 December 2019. Findings on ultrasound were finally compared with histopathological report of appendices removed on surgery. Those cases with alternate diagnosis were followed up and proved with other means of investigation. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and overall accuracy of ultrasound in diagnosis of acute appendicitis in our study were found to be 79 %, 84.20 %, 95.50%, 48.40% and 80% respectively.
A PEEP IN TO NOVEL THERAPIES IN DIABETIC FOOT ULCER
Authors: Jasir V Mohammed , Kameswaran Ramalingam
Published: March 2021

Diabetic Foot Ulcer represent a complex entity resulting from several contributing pathways including neuropathy, vascular disease, and metabolic derangement, which may occur alone or in concert with each other. DFU affects patients physically, mentally and economically. Offloading, debridement, infectious controlling and revascularization remains as the mainstay in treatment of diabetic foot. Antibiotic resistance are also observed frequently in these patients. These current standard of treatment is still not showing much recovery in patients. In this era novel approaches to the treatment of DFU gain more interest. This review aims to summarize the novel approaches that are in practice for the diabetic foot ulcer treatment along with clinical evidences from the randomized control trials. Still many procedures lack much evidence and their efficacy and safety need to be determined.
VERIES CITIES OF ANCIENT INDIA : AN ANALYTICAL SURVEY
Authors:   Department of Sanskrit, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India., Patra Dipankar
Published: March 2021

Despite finding the scholars being divided in their opinions, the glorious antiquities of ancient India still continue to grow in stature since time immemorial. The rudimentary remnants of hoary tradition and a journey from the ancient, original and enriched nature of Indian culture to Gupta Dynasty with a passage through the epic age amply vouchsafes the very purpose of the article. With the subdivisions of historical ages, the cities in the Indus Valley Civilization with particular emphasis on the twin cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro along with some cardinal Archaeological credentials as well as discoveries have also been amply highlighted. In addition to that, archeologists, anthologists and ancient historians to the calibre of Sir John Marshall, Hieun Tsang, Daya Ram Sahni,Rakhal Das Bandyopadhya, Nani Gopal Mazumdar, E.J.H. Macky together with excavation samples, carbon analysis, pictograph,inscriptions,numismatic testimonies, different chronological references documented the erstwhile town planning, metropolitan civilization, societal pattern, rituals till the approach of the Aryans. The age of Rgveda and Mahabharata with the historical evidences of Epic cities like (1) Hastinapur, (2) Indraparastha, (3)Girivraja,(4)Mathura, (5) Dwarka, (6) Mahismati (7) Pragjyotishpur, (8) Prabhas, (9) Ayodhya, (10) Mithila have been cited alongside. Henceforth the article aims to allude the noteworthy references from Cities in the Period of Sungas&Guptas in reference of the populaces like Puruspur, Sakala, and historically famous provinces like Uttarapatha (including kandharpart) - Taxila ,(2) Avantrirattha (westrn part)- Ujjayini, (3) Dakhahinapatha - Suvarnagiri ,(4) Kalinga - Tosali (orisya) (5) Prachya, Prachina, Pras- Pataliputra. Thus with a renewed mission of rediscovering ancient India in light of the scientific skill and neatly organised enterprise of the erstwhile civilization, the article tends to delineate contemporary town plans, granaries, ports, tradings and prosperous populaces.
VALIDITY OF STUDENT WORKSHEETSWITH THE THEME OF ENERGY IN DAILY LIFE BY PROBLEM BASED LEARNING OF INTEGRATED IN 21ST CENTURY LEARNING
Authors:   Student of Master of Physics Education, Department of Physics. Padang State University, Indonesia., Arima Gusti Dian , a Ratnawulan ,   Lecturer in Physics Education, Department Of Physics. Padang State University, Indonesia.
Published: March 2021

Integrated student worksheetsshould contain learning that is relevant to the characteristics of 21st century learning. Where 21st century learning aims to develop the talents and potential of students so that students have characters and attitudes that will be able to face the challenges of 21st century learning. To use this integrated student worksheets, an assessment was carried out in the form of validation of the development of this this integrated student worksheets. The purpose of this assessment is to see the validity of the development of this integrated student worksheetswith the theme of energy in life using integrated problem-based learning in 21st century learning. This validation assessment is carried out by three validators consisting of material experts, media experts and linguists.
GIANT THENAR LIPOMA ASSOCIATED WITH A CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME: A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Mohammed V Military Hospital, Rabat, Morocco., Elyacoubi T. , Zaizi A. ,   Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Mohammed V Military Hospital, Rabat, Morocco., Bahraoui A.El. ,   Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Mohammed V Military Hospital, Rabat, Morocco., Boukhris J. ,   Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Mohammed V Military Hospital, Rabat, Morocco., Chafry B. ,   Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Mohammed V Military Hospital, Rabat, Morocco., Boussouga M. ,   Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Mohammed V Military Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.
Published: March 2021

The authors report a rare observation of a 60-year-old woman presenting with giant thenar lipoma associated with acroparesthesia due to compression of the median nerveby a lipoma. MRI is the exam of choice to study the local extent of the tumor, the histological examination after complete excision of the tumor remains the only means of diagnostic affirmation.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE QUALITY OF CONSUMED FATS AND HYPOTHERMAL STIMULATION IN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY MECHANISMS AND IN THE PREVENTION OF OBESITY
Authors:   Postdoctoral Fellowship, Institute of Physiology and Sanocreatology, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova., Fedash Vasile
Published: March 2021

An overview analysis highlighting the possibilities of solving the problem of preventing the formation of an obeso- and diabetogenic environment, preventing inflammatory processes in adipose tissue, imbalance in the mechanisms of neuroendocrine interactions of relationships based on an integrated approach, characterized by a harmonious combination of individualized correction of the applied diet with hypothermic stimulation.
COMPARISON BETWEEN YOUNGS DOUBLE SLIT AND ⋀ - 𝛅 AND ⋁ - 𝛅 TYPE THREE LEVEL ATOMS PRODUCING QUANTUM INTERFERENCE
Authors:   District Institute of Education and Training, Darrang, Dalgaon., Hazarika A. , Rajkhowa L.K. ,   Centre for Laser & Optical Science, New Uchamati, Doomdooma., Saikia J. ,   Department of Physics, J.B. College (Autonomous), Jorhat., Baruah G.D. ,   Centre for Laser & Optical Science, New Uchamati, Doomdooma.
Published: March 2021

We make a comparison between the concepts and physics behind Youngs double slit experiment and ⋀-δ and ⋁-δ type three level atoms producing quantum interference.
A LITERATURE REVIEW OF RESILIENCY AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG STUDENTS
Authors:   Instructor/ Psychometrician, CNSC- Labo Campus, Camarines Norte State College, P-2, Brgy. Talobatib, Labo, Camarines Norte, Philippines, 4604., D. Angeles Melvin
Published: March 2021

Extant literatures proved the various role of resilience and its multifaceted impact to academic performance. An extensive search was conducted through EBSCO Research Databases to gather, summarize and synthesize studies on resiliency and academic performance. The author reviewed relevant literature from 2009-2019 that examine relationship and mediator studies of resiliency and academic performance among students. Thus, outcome studies that proved the effectiveness of resiliency intervention program was also highlighted. Literatures revealed the significant association of resiliency and academic performance among students. There are mediators factors proved to affect resiliency and academic performance of the students such as perception of stress, school engagement and level of perception to their psychological wellness. Programs and interventions anchored on resilience are proved to be effective in enhancing academic performance. Counselors can integrate resilience findings to their practices and devise culturally sensitive counseling intervention and resilience skill training for students to augment academic performance.