bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Essay on Fractional Riemann-Liouville Integral Operator versus Mikusinski’s
Authors: Li Ming , Zhao Wei
Published: May 2013

This paper presents the representation of the fractional Riemann-Liouville integral by using the Mikusinski operators. The Mikusinski operators discussed in the paper may yet provide a new view to describe and study the fractional Riemann-Liouville integral operator. The present result may be useful for applying the Mikusinski operational calculus to the study of fractional calculus in mathematics and to the theory of filters of fractional order in engineering.
Adaptive Prediction of Channels with Sparse Features in OFDM Systems
Authors: Lv Changwei , Hou Shujuan , Mei Wenbo
Published: May 2013

A time domain channel prediction method exploiting features of sparse channel is proposed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The proposed predictor operates in the time domain on each channel tap and separates the negligible taps from significant channel taps before performing prediction. We also compare the proposed prediction method with the classical frequency domain method realized at each OFDM subcarrier and demonstrate that our method increases the prediction accuracy and reduces the computational complexity. Simulations on the physical channel model verify the performance of the proposed method.
Multidiscipline Topology Optimization of Stiffened Plate/Shell Structures Inspired by Growth Mechanisms of Leaf Veins in Nature
Authors: Li Baotong , Hong Jun , Yan Suna , Liu Zhifeng
Published: May 2013

Biological structures with preeminent performance in nature endow inexhaustible inspiration for creative design in engineering. In this paper, based on the observation of the natural morphogenesis of leaf veins, we put forward a simple and practical multidiscipline topology optimization method to produce the stiffener layout for plate/shell structures. This method simulates the emergence of complex branching patterns copying the self-optimization of leaf veins which always try to grow into a configuration with global optimal performances. Unlike the conventional topology optimization methods characterized by “subtraction mode,” the proposed method is based on the “addition mode,” giving great potential for designers to achieve more clear stiffener layout patterns rather than vague material distributions and, consequently, saving computational resources as well as enhancing availability of design outputs. Numerical studies of both static and dynamic problems considered in this paper clearly show the suitability of the proposed method for the optimal design of stiffened plate/shell structures.
Pyometra Perforation Caused byActinomyceswithout Intrauterine Device Involvement
Authors: Hagiya Hideharu
Published: May 2013

An 86-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus and severe decubitus at the sacral and calcaneal regions stemming from poor daily activity was diagnosed with pyometra perforation caused byActinomyces. No foreign materials, including an IUD, were found inside the uterus. Pyometra is usually caused by Enterobacteriaceae or anaerobes derived from the gastrointestinal tract. The virulence ofActinomycesis rather low, and, in almost all the reported cases ofActinomyces-related pyometra, an intrauterine device (IUD) was involved. Although rare,Actinomycesmay be ascribed as a virulent pathogen that causes pyometra in the absence of foreign materials.
Evaluation of the Wound Healing Potential ofResina Draconis (Dracaena cochinchinensis)in Animal Models
Authors: Liu Huihui , Lin Shaohui , Xiao Dan , Zheng Xiao , Gu Yan , Guo Shanyu
Published: May 2013

Resina Draconis(RD) is a type of dragon's blood resin obtained fromDracaena cochinchinensis(Lour.) S.C. Chen (Yunnan, China). It has been used as a medicine since ancient times by many cultures. The ethanolic extract ofResina Draconis(RDEE) was evaluated for its wound-healing activity using excision and incision wound models in rats. Group I, the control group, was treated with ointment base. Group II, which served as a reference standard, was treated with moist exposed burn ointment (MEBO). Group III was treated with RDEE. The parameters observed were percentage of wound contraction, epithelialization period, tensile strength, histopathological studies, microvessel density (MVD), and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). The group treated with RDEE showed significantly better wound contraction and better skin-breaking strength as compared with the control group. The results of histopathological examination, MVD, and the expression levels of growth factors supported the outcome of the wound models as well. The present study provided a scientific rationale for the traditional use of RD in the management of wounds.
Methodology for Assessing the Probability of Corrosion in Concrete Structures on the Basis of Half‐Cell Potential and Concrete Resistivity Measurements
Authors: Sadowski Lukasz
Published: May 2013

In recent years, the corrosion of steel reinforcement has become a major problem in the construction industry. Therefore, much attention has been given to developing methods of predicting the service life of reinforced concrete structures. The progress of corrosion cannot be visually assessed until a crack or a delamination appears. The corrosion process can be tracked using several electrochemical techniques. Most commonly the half‐cell potential measurement technique is used for this purpose. However, it is generally accepted that it should be supplemented with other techniques. Hence, a methodology for assessing the probability of corrosion in concrete slabs by means of a combination of two methods, that is, the half‐cell potential method and the concrete resistivity method, is proposed. An assessment of the probability of corrosion in reinforced concrete structures carried out using the proposed methodology is presented. 200 mm thick 750 mm  ×  750 mm reinforced concrete slab specimens were investigated. Potential Ecorr and concrete resistivity ρ in each point of the applied grid were measured. The experimental results indicate that the proposed methodology can be successfully used to assess the probability of corrosion in concrete structures.
Evaluating Alpha and Beta Taxonomy in Ant-Nest Beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Paussini)
Authors: Fattorini Simone , Maurizi Emanuela , Di Giulio Andrea
Published: May 2013

We evaluated completeness, accuracy, and historical trend of the taxonomic knowledge on the myrmecophilous ground beetle tribe Paussini (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Paussinae). Accumulation curves for valid names and synonyms of species, subgenera, and genera were modelled using logistic functions. Analyses of trends in synonymies suggest that few currently accepted taxa will be recognized to be synonymous in the future. This may indicate that Paussini are a taxonomically relatively stable tribe of carabid beetles. However, this result might also be due to the lack of recent taxonomic work in some biogeographical regions.
New Application of -Expansion Method for Generalized (2+1)-Dimensional Nonlinear Evolution Equations
Authors: Najafi Mohammad , Najafi Maliheh , Arbabi Somayeh
Published: May 2013

We established -expansion method for (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equations. This method was used to construct travelling wave solutions of (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equations. (2+1)-Dimensional breaking soliton equation, (2+1)-dimensional Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff (CBS) equation, and (2+1)-dimensional Bogoyavlenskii’s Breaking soliton equation are chosen to illustrate the effectiveness of the method.
Optimal Dividend and Capital Injection Strategies for a Risk Model under Force of Interest
Authors: Fang Ying , Qu Zhongfeng
Published: May 2013

As a generalization of the classical Cramér-Lundberg risk model, we consider a risk model including a constant force of interest in the present paper. Most optimal dividend strategies which only consider the processes modeling the surplus of a risk business are absorbed at 0. However, in many cases, negative surplus does not necessarily mean that the business has to stop. Therefore, we assume that negative surplus is not allowed and the beneficiary of the dividends is required to inject capital into the insurance company to ensure that its risk process stays nonnegative. For this risk model, we show that the optimal dividend strategy which maximizes the discounted dividend payments minus the penalized discounted capital injections is a threshold strategy for the case of the dividend payout rate which is bounded by some positive constant and the optimal injection strategy is to inject capitals immediately to make the company's assets back to zero when the surplus of the company becomes negative.
Nonzero-Sum Stochastic Differential Game between Controller and Stopper for Jump Diffusions
Authors: Wang Yan , Song Aimin , Zheng Cheng-De , Feng Enmin
Published: May 2013

We consider a nonzero-sum stochastic differential game which involves two players, a controller and a stopper. The controller chooses a control process, and the stopper selects the stopping rule which halts the game. This game is studied in a jump diffusions setting within Markov control limit. By a dynamic programming approach, we give a verification theorem in terms of variational inequality-Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (VIHJB) equations for the solutions of the game. Furthermore, we apply the verification theorem to characterize Nash equilibrium of the game in a specific example.
Real-Time Seismic Data Acquisition via a Paired Ripple Transmission Protocol
Authors: Lin Jin-Ling , Hwang Kao-Shing , Su Hui-Kai , Hsieh Min-Che
Published: May 2013

This work uses a low-cost, reliable, and microchip-based wireless transmission solution to real-time collect earthquake data across local and wide areas. A transmission chain consisting of sensor units (nodes), each transmitting earthquake data unidirectionally to the end, is proposed. Each node consists of a seismic sensor, analog digital converter, radio frequency module, and a microchip for central control. The terminal node is responsible for transmitting data to a display server, which collects and analyzes all earthquake data from different transmission chains. Moreover, users also can distribute nodes, plug-in computers, in a wide area to monitor earthquake activities and transmit data to a web server. Then interested people can view the circumstance of an earthquake via web maps. For efficient wireless transmissions and to maximize bandwidth usage, a modified ripple protocol is applied to the wireless transmission between nodes in a daisy chain. Field experiments verify the practicality of the proposed system.
Mechanisms by Which Interleukin-6 Attenuates Cell Invasion and Tumorigenesis in Human Bladder Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Tsui Ke-Hung , Wang Shyi-Wu , Chung Li-Chuan , Feng Tsui-Hsia , Lee Tzu-Yi , Chang Phei-Lang , Juang Horng-Heng
Published: May 2013

Interleukin-6, a multifunctional cytokine, contributes to tumor cell proliferation and differentiation. However, the biological mechanisms that are affected by the expression of interleukin-6 in bladder cancer cells remain unclear. We evaluated the effects of interleukin-6 expression in human bladder carcinoma cellsin vitroandin vivo. The results of interleukin-6-knockdown experiments in T24 cells and interleukin-6-overexpression experiments in HT1376 cells revealed that interleukin-6 reduced cell proliferation, migration, and invasionin vitro. Xenograft animal studies indicated that the overexpression of interleukin-6 downregulated tumorigenesis of bladder cells and that interleukin-6 knockdown reversed this effect. The results of RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and reporter assays indicated that the overexpression of interleukin-6 upregulated the expression of the mammary serine protease inhibitor (MASPIN), N-myc downstream gene 1 (NDRG1), and KAI1 proteins in HT1376 cells and that interleukin-6 knockdown reduced the expression of these proteins in T24 cells. In addition, results of immunoblotting assays revealed that interleukin-6 modulated epithelial-mesenchymal transitions by upregulating the expression of the E-cadherin, while downregulation N-cadherin and vimentin proteins. Our results suggest that the effects of interleukin-6 on the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions and the expressions of the MASPIN, NDRG1, and KAI1 genes attribute to the modulation of tumorigenesis in human bladder carcinoma cells.
Diagnosis and Management of Giant Hepatic Hemangioma: The Usefulness of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography
Authors: Maruyama Masaki , Isokawa Osamu , Hoshiyama Koki , Hoshiyama Ayako , Hoshiyama Mari , Hoshiyama Yoshihiro
Published: May 2013

Giant hepatic hemangiomas, though often asymptomatic, may require intervention if rapid growth occurs. The imaging studies including the computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasonography, and so on are effective for the diagnosis and the management of this tumor; however, due to its size and various patterns of these studies, we need to carefully consider the therapeutic methods. Compared to the cost needed for these modalities, recently developed and approved Perflubutane- (Sonazoid-) based contrast agent enhanced ultrasonography is reasonable and safe. The major advantage is the real-time observation of the vascular structure and function of the Kupffer cells. By this procedure, we can carefully follow the tumor growth or character change in a hemangioma and decide the timing of therapeutic intervention, since abdominal pain, abdominal mass, consumptive coagulopathy, and hemangioma growth are the signs for the therapeutic intervention. We reviewed recent reports about Sonazoid-based enhancement and also showed the representative images collected in our department. This is the first review showing the detailed findings of the giant hemangiomas using Perflubutane (Sonazoid). This review will help the physician in making the decision, and we hope that Sonazoid will gain widespread acceptance in the near future.
Volume-Rendering-Based Interactive 3D Measurement for Quantitative Analysis of 3D Medical Images
Authors: Dai Yakang , Zheng Jian , Yang Yuetao , Kuai Duojie , Yang Xiaodong
Published: May 2013

3D medical images are widely used to assist diagnosis and surgical planning in clinical applications, where quantitative measurement of interesting objects in the image is of great importance. Volume rendering is widely used for qualitative visualization of 3D medical images. In this paper, we introduce a volume-rendering-based interactive 3D measurement framework for quantitative analysis of 3D medical images. In the framework, 3D widgets and volume clipping are integrated with volume rendering. Specifically, 3D plane widgets are manipulated to clip the volume to expose interesting objects. 3D plane widgets, 3D line widgets, and 3D angle widgets are then manipulated to measure the areas, distances, and angles of interesting objects. The methodology of the proposed framework is described. Experimental results indicate the performance of the interactive 3D measurement framework.
Effects of Wearing Different Personal Equipment on Force Distribution at the Plantar Surface of the Foot
Authors: Schulze Christoph , Lindner Tobias , Woitge Sandra , Finze Susanne , Mittelmeier Wolfram , Bader Rainer
Published: May 2013

Background. The wearing of personal equipment can cause specific changes in muscle activity and posture. In the present study, we investigated the influence of differences in equipment related weight loading and load distribution on plantar pressure. In addition, we studied functional effects of wearing different equipment with a particular focus on relevant changes in foot shape. Methods. Static and dynamic pedobarography were performed on 31 male soldiers carrying increasing weights consisting of different items of equipment. Results. The pressure acting on the plantar surface of the foot increased with higher loading, both under static and dynamic conditions (p < 0.05). We observed an increase in the contact area (p < 0.05) and an influence of load distribution through different ways to carry the rifle. Conclusions. The wearing of heavier weights leads to an increase in plantar pressure and contact area. This may be caused by flattening of the transverse and longitudinal arches. The effects are more evident in subjects with flat feet deformities which seem to flatten at an earlier load condition with a greater amount compared to subjects with normal arches. Improving load distribution should be a main goal in the development of military equipment in order to prevent injuries or functional disorders of the lower extremity.
Positive Implicative Ideals of BCK-Algebras Based on Intersectional Soft Sets
Authors: Roh Eun Hwan , Jun Young Bae
Published: May 2013

The aim of this paper is to lay a foundation for providing a soft algebraic tool in considering many problems that contain uncertainties. In order to provide these soft algebraic structures, the notion of int-soft positive implicative ideals is introduced, and related properties are investigated. Relations between an int-soft ideal and an int-soft positive implicative ideal are established. Characterizations of an int-soft positive implicative ideal are obtained. Extension property for an int-soft positive implicative ideal is constructed. The∧-product and∨-product of int-soft positive implicative ideals are considered, and the soft intersection (resp., union) of int-soft positive implicative ideals is discussed.
Active Constituents fromLiriope platyphyllaRoot against Cancer GrowthIn Vitro
Authors: Wang Hui-Chun , Wu Chin-Chung , Cheng Ti-Sheng , Kuo Ching-Ying , Tsai Yu-Chi , Chiang Shang-Yu , Wong Teng-Song , Wu Yang-Chang , Chang Fang-Rong
Published: May 2013

Liriope spicatais a well-known herb in traditional Chinese medicine, and its root has been clinically demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of metabolic and neural disorders. The constituents isolated fromLiriopehave also recently been shown to possess anticancer activity, although the mechanism of which remains largely unknown. Here, we illustrate the anticancer activity of LPRP-9, one of the active fractions we fractionated from theLiriope platyphyllaroot part (LPRP) extract. Treatment with LPRP-9 significantly inhibited proliferation of cancer cell lines MCF-7 and Huh-7 and down-regulated the phosphorylation of AKT. LPRP-9 also activates the stress-activated MPAK, JNK, p38 pathways, the p53 cell-cycle checkpoint pathway, and a series of caspase cascades while downregulating expression of antiapoptotic factors Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and survivin. Such activities strongly suggest a role for LPRP-9 in apoptosis and autophagy. We further purified and identified the compound (−)-Liriopein B from LPRP-9, which is capable of inhibiting AKT phosphorylation at low concentration. The overall result highlights the anticancer property of LPRP-9, suggests its mechanism for inhibition of proliferation and promotion of cell death for cancer cells via regulation of multitarget pathways, and denotes the importance of purifying components of fraction LPRP-9 to aid cancer therapy.
Speciation, Phenotypic Variation and Plasticity: What Can Endocrine Disruptors Tell Us?
Authors: Ayala-García Braulio , López-Santibáñez Guevara Marta , Marcos-Camacho Lluvia I. , Fuentes-Farías Alma L. , Meléndez-Herrera Esperanza , Gutiérrez-Ospina Gabriel
Published: May 2013

Phenotype variability, phenotypic plasticity, and the inheritance of phenotypic traits constitute the fundamental ground of processes such as individuation, individual and species adaptation and ultimately speciation. Even though traditional evolutionary thinking relies on genetic mutations as the main source of intra- and interspecies phenotypic variability, recent studies suggest that the epigenetic modulation of gene transcription and translation, epigenetic memory, and epigenetic inheritance are by far the most frequent reliable sources of transgenerational variability among viable individuals within and across organismal species. Therefore, individuation and speciation should be considered as nonmutational epigenetic phenomena.
Agomelatine Efficacy in the Night Eating Syndrome
Authors: Milano Walter , De Rosa Michele , Milano Luca , Capasso Anna
Published: May 2013

Night eating syndrome (NES) is a nosographic entity included among the forms not otherwise specified (EDNOS) in eating disorders (ED) of the DSM IV. It is characterized by a reduced food intake during the day, evening hyperphagia, and nocturnal awakenings associated with conscious episodes of compulsive ingestion of food. Frequently, NES patients show significant psychopathology comorbidity with affective disorders. This paper describes a case report of an NES patient treated with agomelatine, an antidepressant analogue of melatonin, which acts by improving not only the mood but also by regulating sleep cycles and appetite. After three months of observation, the use of Agomelatine not only improved the mood of our NES patient (assessed in the HAM-D scores) but it was also able to reduce the night eating questionnaire, by both reducing the number of nocturnal awakenings with food intake, the time of snoring, the minutes of movement during night sleep (assessed at polysomnography), and the weight (−5.5 kg) and optimizing blood glucose and lipid profile. In our clinical case report, agomelatine was able both to reduce the NES symptoms and to significantly improve the mood of our NES patient without adverse side effects during the duration of treatment. Therefore, our case report supports the rationale for further studies on the use of Agomelatine in the NES treatment.
Immunolocalization of Kisspeptin Associated with Amyloid-β Deposits in the Pons of an Alzheimer’s Disease Patient
Authors: Chilumuri Amrutha , Ashioti Maria , Nercessian Amanda N. , Milton Nathaniel G. N.
Published: May 2013

The pons region of the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain is one of the last to show amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits and has been suggested to contain neuroprotective compounds. Kisspeptin (KP) is a hormone that activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and has been suggested to be neuroprotective against Aβ toxicity. The localization of KP, plus the established endogenous neuroprotective compounds corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) and catalase, in tissue sections from the pons region of a male AD subject has been determined in relation to Aβ deposits. Results showed Aβ deposits also stained with KP, CRH, and catalase antibodies. At high magnification the staining of deposits was either KP or catalase positive, and there was only a limited area of the deposits with KP-catalase colocalization. The CRH does not bind Aβ, whilst both KP and catalase can bind Aβ, suggesting that colocalization in Aβ deposits is not restricted to compounds that directly bind Aβ. The neuroprotective actions of KP, CRH, and catalase were confirmed in vitro, and fibrillar Aβ preparations were shown to stimulate the release of KP in vitro. In conclusion, neuroprotective KP, CRH, and catalase all colocalize with Aβ plaque-like deposits in the pons region from a male AD subject.
H∞Control for Stochastic Systems with Markovian Switching and Time-Varying Delay via Sliding Mode Design
Authors: Gao Lijun , Wu Yuqiang
Published: May 2013

This paper addresses the problem ofH∞control for a class of uncertain stochastic systems with Markovian switching and time-varying delays. The system under consideration is subject to time-varying norm-bounded parameter uncertainties and an unknown nonlinear function in the state. An integral sliding surface corresponding to every mode is first constructed, and the given sliding mode controller concerning the transition rates of modes can deal with the effect of Markovian switching. The synthesized sliding mode control law ensures the reachability of the sliding surface for corresponding subsystems and the global stochastic stability of the sliding mode dynamics. A simulation example is presented to illustrate the proposed method.
Acute Pulmonary Edema Caused by a Giant Atrial Myxoma
Authors: Fisicaro Andrea , Slavich Massimo , Agricola Eustachio , Marini Claudia , Margonato Alberto
Published: May 2013

Atrial myxoma is the most common primary cardiac tumor. Its clinical presentation spreads from asymptomatic incidental mass to serious life-threatening cardiovascular complications. We report the case of a 44-year-old man with evening fever and worsening dyspnea in the last weeks, admitted to our hospital for acute pulmonary edema. The cardiac auscultation was very suspicious for mitral valve stenosis, but the echocardiography revealed a huge atrial mass with a diastolic prolapse into mitral valve orifice causing an extremely high transmitral gradient pressure. Awareness of this uncommon acute presentation of atrial myxoma is necessary for timely diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention.
Structural and Functional Properties of Venous Wall: Relationship between Elastin, Collagen, and Smooth Muscle Components and Viscoelastic Properties
Authors: Zócalo Yanina , Bia Daniel , Cabrera-Fischer Edmundo I. , Wray Sandra , Galli Cintia , Armentano Ricardo L.
Published: May 2013

The aims of this work were (1) to analyze the viscoelastic behavior of different venous segments and their differences, considering the structural characteristics (elastin, collagen, and smooth muscle content) of the venous wall; (2) to analyze the venous biomechanical behavior by means of the histological characteristics of the veins. Nine healthy male Corriedale sheep were included. One vein was selected from each animal to evaluate its biomechanical properties: (a) anterior vena cava, (b) right jugular vein, and (c) right femoral vein. Each selected vein was instrumented with pressure and diameter sensors. After excision, a small ring-shaped sample was set apart from each segment for histological analysis. The amounts of elastin, collagen and smooth muscle were correlated to calculated biomechanical parameters (high- and low-pressure compliance and viscosity). Conclusions are the following: (1) the viscoelastic behavior of the venous wall varies depending on the vascular territory, and it is associated with the variation of the histological structure. These differences involve muscle (both smooth and striated), elastin, and collagen contents. (2) In addition, the quantity of collagen was negatively correlated with high- and low-pressure compliances, and (3) the smooth muscle content was higher in peripheral veins and is positively correlated with venous wall viscosity.
The Epidemiology of Sleep Quality and Consumption of Stimulant Beverages among Patagonian Chilean College Students
Authors: Vélez Juan Carlos , Souza Aline , Traslaviña Samantha , Barbosa Clarita , Wosu Adaeze , Andrade Asterio , Frye Megan , Fitzpatrick Annette L. , Gelaye Bizu , Williams Michelle A.
Published: May 2013

Objectives. (1) To assess sleep patterns and parameters of sleep quality among Chilean college students and (2) to evaluate the extent to which stimulant beverage use and other lifestyle characteristics are associated with poor sleep quality.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among college students in Patagonia, Chile. Students were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire to provide information about lifestyle and demographic characteristics. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep quality. In addition, students underwent a physical examination to collect anthropometric measurements.Results. More than half of students (51.8%) exhibited poor sleep quality. Approximately 45% of study participants reported sleeping six hours or less per night and 9.8% used medications for sleep. In multivariate analysis, current smokers had significantly greater daytime dysfunction due to sleepiness and were more likely to use sleep medicines. Students who reported consumption of any stimulant beverage were 1.81 times as likely to have poor sleep quality compared with those who did not consume stimulant beverages (OR:1.81, 95% CI:1.21–2.00).Conclusions.Poor sleep quality is prevalent among Chilean college students, and stimulant beverage consumption was associated with the increased odds of poor sleep quality in this sample.
Haematogenous Spread ofStaphylococcus aureusfrom an Iliacus Abscess to an ACL Reconstructed Knee
Authors: Eranki Vivek , Wallis Andrew , Smith Simon
Published: May 2013

We describe a case of a 19-year-old male who presented to the South West Health Service with a septic knee, secondary to haematogenous spread from an iliacus abscess. Thus far, there have been no reported cases of haematogenous spread of infection from an iliacus abscess to an ACL reconstructed knee, let alone in a healthy young person with no risk factors. The patient has had several washouts of the knee along with the drainage of the abscess. The ACL graft was saved with the patient making a complete recovery.
Adult Type Granulosa Cell Tumor: A Very Rare Case of Sex-Cord Tumor of the Testis with Review of the Literature
Authors: Miliaras Dimosthenis , Anagnostou Eleftherios , Moysides Ioannis
Published: May 2013

Granulosa cell tumor (GST) is a sex-cord/stromal neoplasm of the gonads, more commonly arising in the ovaries, while approximately 80 cases have been reported in the testes. Out of these, 30 cases were of the adult type, while the remainder 50 cases were of the juvenile type. The latter mostly concerned infants and followed a benign course. However, the adult type testicular GCTs may be potentially malignant as it also happens in female patients with such neoplasms. We present a case of an adult type GCT located at the left testis. The patient was subjected to total orchiectomy and received no further treatment. Histology showed typical GCT histomorphology with Call-Exner bodies in some places. The immunoprofile of the tumor was CD99 (+), calretinin (+), inhibin (+), alpha smooth muscle actin (+), vimentin (+), ER (−), PR (−), keratin AE1/AE3 (−), alpha fetoprotein (−), CD117 (−), and placental alkaline phosphatase (−). Two years after surgery, the patient is alive and well with no signs of recurrence.
Global-in-Time Asymptotic Solutions to Kolmogorov-Feller-Type Parabolic Pseudodifferential Equations with Small Parameter—Forward- and Backward-in-Time Motion
Authors: Danilov V. G.
Published: May 2013

We discuss the construction of solutions to the inverse Cauchy problem by using characteristics.
Projected Salt Waste Production from a Commercial Pyroprocessing Facility
Authors: Simpson Michael F.
Published: May 2013

Pyroprocessing of used nuclear fuel inevitably produces salt waste from electrorefining and/or oxide reduction unit operations. Various process design characteristics can affect the actual mass of such waste produced. This paper examines both oxide and metal fuel treatment, estimates the amount of salt waste generated, and assesses potential benefit of process options to mitigate the generation of salt waste. For reference purposes, a facility is considered in which 100 MT/year of fuel is processed. Salt waste estimates range from 8 to 20 MT/year from considering numerous scenarios. It appears that some benefit may be derived from advanced processes for separating fission products from molten salt waste, but the degree of improvement is limited. Waste form production is also considered but appears to be economically unfavorable. Direct disposal of salt into a salt basin type repository is found to be the most promising with respect to minimizing the impact of waste generation on the economic feasibility and sustainability of pyroprocessing.
Improvement of the Contact Strength of Al2O3/SiC by a Combination of Shot Peening and Crack-Healing
Authors: Oki Tomoya , Yamamoto Hiroki , Osada Toshio , Takahashi Koji
Published: May 2013

Al2O3/SiC composite ceramics with high crack-healing ability were subjected to shot peening (SP) using zirconium oxide shots with several peening pressures and shot diameters. Specimens subjected to SP were heat-treated in air to heal the surface cracks induced by SP. The residual stress, the apparent fracture toughness, and the Weibull distribution of the contact strength were investigated, revealing that the combination of SP and crack-healing is effective for increasing the contact strength and decreasing the scatter of the contact strength of Al2O3/SiC.
The Cooling Effect on Proinflammatory Cytokines Interferon-Gamma, Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha, and Nitric Oxide in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Poyraz Turan , Idiman Egemen , Uysal Sezer , Iyilikci Leyla , Özakbaş Serkan , Coskuner Poyraz Esra , Idiman Fethi
Published: May 2013

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in young adults. The proinflammatory cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO) which are known to be produced by inflammatory cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of MS. Some metabolic changes may have an effect on axonal transmission, and white blood cells NO and other inflammatory mediators such as cytokines may be affected from cooling process. In this study, we evaluated the effects of body cooling procedure on proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, and NO levels. Twenty patients with MS were evaluated. Thirteen of the patients were women, 7 were men (mean age:33.6±7.5 yrs.). Body temperature was reduced by an average of 1°C approximately in 1 hour with using the “Medivance Arctic Sun Temperature Management System” device. In our study, the decrease in TNF-α, IFN-γlevels after the cooling procedure has no statistical significance, whereas the decrease in the mean level of NO level after the cooling procedure is4.63±7.4 μmol/L which has statistical significance (P=0.002). These results suggested that the decrease in NO level improves conduction block in demyelinated axonal segments after cooling procedure in multiple sclerosis.
A Surgical Treatment for Adult Muscular Torticollis
Authors: Chang Song Ho , Ohtori Seiji , Okawa Akihiko , Kawamura Koui , Saiki Hiroshi , Nakada Izumi , Shimada Takashi , Nakamura Junichi , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Sugiyama Hiroshi
Published: May 2013

Adult presentation of neglected congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is rare. Therefore, efficacy of surgical treatment for adult CMT is unclear. We experienced a case of neglected CMT in a 28-year-old male patient and report the surgical result here. We conducted unipolar resection at the distal end of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM). After surgery, the range of neck movement and head tilt improved, and his appearance was cosmetically improved despite the long-standing nature of the deformity. We concluded that surgical management of adult patients with neglected congenital muscular torticollis may be a treatment option.
Giant Synovial Cyst of Thigh: A Rare Entity
Authors: Sinha Kushagra , Maheshwari Rajesh , Agrawal Atul
Published: May 2013

Synovial cyst occurs secondary to traumatic, degenerative, or inflammatory conditions. Synovial cysts represent abnormal distension of bursae, which communicate with the joint. Giant synovial cysts are typically due to rheumatoid arthritis, other causes being trauma and synovial pseudoarthrosis. A 33-year-old male presented to an outpatient clinic with a massive swelling on his posterolateral aspect of right thigh extending from upper one-third to the knee joint which had been increasing in size over the past six months. This was associated with dull aching pain. All laboratory investigations were within normal parameters. Even FNAC was inconclusive. With time, swelling was increasing in size. Ultrasound revealed the cystic nature of swelling. MRI showed large cystic lesion 24 × 10 × 12 cm in posterolateral aspect of thigh extending up to knee joint. Following the MRI, an excision was planned. After excision, histological examination confirmed the synovial nature of the cyst, which had a collagenous wall and dense chronic inflammatory cells. As the disease is extremely rare and asymptomatic, precise diagnosis is difficult and often delayed. We consider that open surgical excision should be reserved for cases of large synovial cysts because it can provide a complete resection of the lesion and minimize the risk of recurrence.
Evaluating PSA Density as a Predictor of Biochemical Failure after Radical Prostatectomy: Results of a Prospective Study after a Median Follow-Up of 36 Months
Authors: Sfoungaristos Stavros , Perimenis Petros
Published: May 2013

Purpose. To evaluate the predictive ability of PSA density for biochemical relapse after radical prostatectomy in patients operated for clinically localized disease and to compare its predictive strength with preoperative PSA and Gleason score. Patients and Methods. The study evaluated 244 patients with localized disease who underwent an open retropubic radical prostatectomy between February 2007 and April 2011. PSA was measured every 3 months after surgery with a mean follow-up period of 36 months. Two consecutive rises >0.2 ng/mL were considered as biochemical relapse. Results. Biochemical recurrence was observed in 71 (29.1%). A great correlation was found between relapse and PSA (), PSA density (), Gleason score (), pathological stage (), positive surgical margins (), and invasion of seminal vesicles () and lymph nodes (). We also found that PSA density was associated with adverse pathological findings. In univariate and multivariate analysis both PSA () and PSA density () were found to be significant predictors for relapse in contrast to tumor grade. Conclusion. PSA density is a valuable parameter in estimating the danger of biochemical failure and it may increase predictive potential through the incorporation in preoperative nomograms.
New Breast Cancer Risk Variant Discovered at 10q25 in East Asian Women
Authors: Shi Jiajun , Sung Hyuna , Zhang Ben , Lu Wei , Choi Ji-Yeob , Xiang Yong-Bing , Kim Mi Kyung , Iwasaki Motoki , Long Jirong , Ji Bu-Tian , Park Sue K. , Zheng Ying , Tsugane Shoichiro , Yoo Keun-Young , Wang Wenjing , Noh Dong-Young , Han Wonshik , Kim Sung-Won , Lee Min Hyuk , Lee Jong Won , Lee Jong-Young , Shen Chen-Yang , Matsuo Keitaro , Ahn Sei-Hyun , Gao Yu-Tang , Shu Xiao Ou , Cai Qiuyin , Kang Daehee , Zheng Wei
Published: May 2013

Background: Recently, 41 new genetic susceptibility loci for breast cancer risk were identified in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted in European descendants. Most of these risk variants have not been directly replicated in Asian populations.

Methods: We evaluated nine of those nonreplication loci in East Asians to identify new risk variants for breast cancer in these regions. First, we analyzed single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in these regions using data from two GWAS conducted among Chinese and Korean women, including 5,083 cases and 4,376 controls (stage 1). In each region, we selected an SNP showing the strongest association with breast cancer risk for replication in an independent set of 7,294 cases and 9,404 controls of East Asian descents (stage 2). Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) as a measure of the association of breast cancer risk and genetic variants.

Results: Two SNPs were replicated in stage 2 at P < 0.05: rs1419026 at 6q14 [per allele OR, 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03–1.12; P = 3.0 × 10−4] and rs941827 at 10q25 (OR, 0.92, 95% CI, 0.89–0.96; P = 5.3 × 10−5). The association with rs941827 remained highly statistically significant after adjusting for the risk variant identified initially in women of European ancestry (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82–0.97; P = 5.3 × 10−5).

Conclusion: We identified a new breast cancer risk variant at 10q25 in East Asian women.

Impact: Results from this study improve the understanding of the genetic basis for breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(7); 1297–303. ©2013 AACR.
Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Possible Genetic Risk Factors for Colorectal Adenomas
Authors: Edwards Todd L. , Shrubsole Martha J. , Cai Qiuyin , Li Guoliang , Dai Qi , Rex Douglas K. , Ulbright Thomas M. , Fu Zhenming , Delahanty Ryan H. , Murff Harvey J. , Smalley Walter , Ness Reid M. , Zheng Wei
Published: May 2013

Background: Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death, and most colorectal cancer usually arises from colorectal adenomas. Removal of polyps reduces mortality from colorectal cancer. Colorectal adenomas are known to aggregate in families; however, the genetic determinants for risk of polyps are largely unknown.

Methods: In this study, we used data from the Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Study and the Tennessee-Indiana Adenoma Recurrence Study to conduct a GWAS of adenoma cases and controls. Our design consisted of discovery and replication phases for a total of 2,551 Caucasian adenoma cases and 3,285 Caucasian controls. We carried out logistic regression to test for association in both the discovery and replication phase and further examined the results with meta-analysis.

Results: No single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) achieved a genome-wide significant P value; however, the most significantly associated SNPs were either previously associated with colorectal cancer in GWAS, such as rs10505477 in the gene POU5F1 [odds ratio (OR) = 0.87; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81–0.94; P = 4.4 × 10−4), or have been biologically linked to benign growths in other tissues, such as rs1919314 in the gene histone deacetylase 9 (OR = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.18–1.47; P = 1.1 × 10−6).

Conclusions: This study suggests that several SNPs may be related to adenoma risk and provides clues for future studies.

Impact: These results suggest that some known genetic risk factors of colorectal cancer are necessary but not sufficient for carcinogenesis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(7); 1219–26. ©2013 AACR.
Hormonal and Reproductive Risk Factors for Sporadic Microsatellite Stable and Unstable Endometrial Tumors
Authors: Amankwah Ernest K. , Friedenreich Christine M. , Magliocco Anthony M. , Brant Rollin , Speidel Thomas , Rahman Wahida , Cook Linda S.
Published: May 2013

Hormonal and reproductive factors modulate bioavailable estrogen to influence endometrial cancer risk. Estrogen affects the microsatellite status of tumors, but the relation between these estrogen-related factors and microsatellite instability (MSI) status of endometrial tumors is not known. We evaluated associations between hormonal and reproductive factors and risks of microsatellite stable (MSS) and MSI endometrial cancer among postmenopausal women (MSS cases = 258, MSI cases = 103, and controls = 742) in a population-based case–control study in Alberta, Canada (2002–2006). Polytomous logistic regression was used to estimate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). We observed a significant trend in risk reduction for MSI (Ptrend = 0.005) but not MSS (Ptrend = 0.23) cancer with oral contraceptive use; with 5-year use or more, the risk reduction was stronger for MSI (OR = 0.42; 95% CI, 0.23–0.77) than for MSS cancer (OR = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.54–1.17; Pheterogeneity = 0.05). For more recent use (<30 years), the risk reduction was stronger for MSI (OR = 0.36; 95% CI, 0.19–0.69) than for MSS cancer (OR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.51–1.15; Pheterogeneity = 0.032). No differential risk associations were observed for menopausal hormone use, parity and age at menarche, menopause or first pregnancy. We found limited evidence for statistical heterogeneity of associations of endometrial cancer risk with hormonal and reproductive factors by MSI status, except with oral contraceptive use. This finding suggests a potential role for the MMR system in the reduction of endometrial cancer risk associated with oral contraceptive use, although the exact mechanism is unclear.

This study shows for the first time that oral contraceptive use is associated with a reduced risk for MSI but not for MSS endometrial cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(7); 1325–31. ©2013 AACR.
The Development of Lateralization Abilities in Children with Bilateral Cochlear Implants
Authors: Kühn Heike , Schön Franz , Edelmann Karola , Brill Stefan , Müller Joachim
Published: May 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of lateralization skills in children who received bilateral cochlear implants (CIs) in sequential operations. Methods: The lateralization skills of 9 children with a mean age of 4.1 years at the first surgery and 5.5 years at the second surgery were assessed at 3 time intervals. Children were assessed with a 3-loudspeaker setup (front, left and right) at 0.9 years (interval I) and 1.6 years (interval II) after the second implantation, and after 5.3 years of bilateral implant use (interval III) with a 9-loudspeaker setup in the frontal horizontal plane between -90° and 90° azimuth. Results: With bilateral implants, a significant decrease in lateralization error was noted between test interval I (45.0°) and II (23.3°), with a subsequent significant decrease at test interval III (4.7°). Unilateral performance with the CI did not improve significantly between the first 2 intervals; however, there was a bias of responses towards the unilateral side by test interval III. Conclusions: The lateralization abilities of children with bilateral CIs develop in a relatively short period of time (1-2 years) after the second implant. Children appear to be able to acquire binaural skills after bilateral cochlear implantation.
Immediate Primary Transcatheter Closure of Left Ventricular Free Wall Rupture after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Vatan B. , Akdemir R. , Cakar M. , Gunduz H. , Varim C.
Published: May 2013

Left ventricular free wall rupture due to acute myocardial infarction (MI) is an infrequent but fatal complication that occurs especially during the 1st week of MI. Emergency surgical intervention is essential but conveys significant operative mortality. Most of the patients die before they reach the operating room. We present a case of percutaneous left ventricular free wall rupture closure complicating acute inferior MI to bridge the time until the patient can be transferred to the surgical department and subjected to surgery.
Novel TRPM6 Mutations in Familial Hypomagnesemia with Secondary Hypocalcemia
Authors: Zhao Zhen , Pei Yu , Huang Xianglan , Liu Yaping , Yang Wei , Sun Jing , Si Nuo , Xing Xiaoping , Li Mei , Wang Ou , Jiang Yan , Zhang Xue , Xia Weibo
Published: May 2013

Background: Familial hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia (HSH) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by severe hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia associated with neurological symptoms, including generalized seizures, tetany and muscle spasms, which are refractory to anticonvulsant treatment. The pathophysiological hallmarks of HSH are the impaired intestinal absorption of magnesium accompanied by renal magnesium wasting as a result of a reabsorption defect in the distal convoluted tubule. Mutations in TRPM6, the gene encoding the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily member 6, have been found to be responsible for this disease. In the present study, we report a Chinese family with 2 sisters affected with severe HSH, and elucidate the characteristics of TRPM6 gene mutations in these 2 patients. Methods: We evaluated the clinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings. All 39 TRPM6 exons and flanking exon-intron junctions from genomic DNA were amplified and sequenced in 2 affected members suffering from HSH and their family. Results: We found two novel mutations in the family, one frameshift mutation (c.1196delC) and one non-sense mutation (c.4577G>A). These mutations were predicted to result in a complete loss of function of TRPM6. Both of the sisters were compound heterozygotes for these mutations. Conclusion: Our results suggested that the compound heterozygous mutations in TRPM6 were responsible for HSH in the Chinese family.