bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of consumption of cooked red and blackChenopodium quinoaWilld. over blood lipids, oxidative stress, and blood glucose levels in hypertension‐induced rats
Authors: Cisneros‐Yupanqui Miluska , Lante Anna , Mihaylova Dasha , Krastanov Albert I. , Vílchez‐Perales Carlos
Published: September 2020

Background and objectives

Hypertension is associated with the overproduction of free radicals, generating oxidative stress, which could contribute to the lipid peroxidation, altering the blood lipid levels, and to the development of diseases such as diabetes. The aim of this work was to evaluate the bioactivity of cooked red and black quinoa over blood lipids, oxidative stress, and glucose levels in hypertension‐induced rats by the supply of the drug N (ω)‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME).

Findings

The consumption of red quinoa increased significantly (p < .05) the levels of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL). In addition, the quinoa consumption, regardless of the variety, not only increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase), but also reduced blood glucose levels. The total phenolic compounds and total flavonoid content were higher in red than in black quinoa, while this latter obtained better values for the total antioxidant activity.

Conclusions

The presence of bioactive compounds in quinoa could be responsible for its capacity to improve the HDL levels, the in vivo antioxidant activity, and the levels of fasting blood glucose in hypertension‐induced rats.

Significance and novelty

Findings from this study could promote the consumption of quinoa, which seems to be a good source in the development of functional foods, in order to take advantages of its bioactivities.
A review of some of experimental and numerical studies of self‐crack‐healing in ceramics
Authors: Hammood Israa , Barber Gary , Wang Bingxu
Published: September 2020

Ceramics can be used in many applications including aeroengine turbine blades, gas turbine blades, high‐performance bearings, and many other applications that require high temperature service; however, these ceramics are subjected to thermal and mechanical stresses during/while being used in service. Residual stresses may eventually cause microcracks (internal and surface cracks) and the failure of the component in use, hence limiting their use as structural engineering materials; for this reason, applying or inducing self‐crack‐healing ability would be the solution to overcome such problems. Developing new materials with an inherent ability to heal the cracks and increasing resistance to fracture wear and corrosion has been the goal for many researchers in the field of science and engineering and manufacturers. Great benefits can be expected from the components in use while applying self‐healing ability, such as reducing maintenance, inspection, and the cost of machining and polishing, which enhance the reliability and the lifespan of the component in use hence meeting the needs of many industries like automotive, space, aerospace. Consequently, many attempts have been made to imitate the mechanisms of biological systems to design self‐healing materials and coatings which can result in complete recovery and functionality of the component. These research studies are reviewed and summarized in this review manuscript.
Catalytic Enantioselective Isocyanide‐Based Reactions: Beyond Passerini and Ugi Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Luo Jian , Chen Guo‐Shu , Chen Shu‐Jie , Li Zhao‐Dong , Liu Yun‐Lin
Published: September 2020

The development of catalytic enantioselective isocyanide‐based reactions is currently of great interest because the resulting products are valuable in organic synthesis, pharmacological chemistry, and materials science. This review assembles and comprehensively summarizes the recent achievements in this rapidly growing area according to the reaction types. Special attention is paid to the advantages, limitations, possible mechanisms, and synthetic applications of each reaction. In addition, a personal outlook on the opportunities for further exploration is given at the end.
Lanthanoid Complexes as Molecular Materials: The Redox Approach
Authors: Hay Moya A. , Boskovic Colette
Published: September 2020

The development of molecular materials with novel functionality offers promise for technological innovation. Switchable molecules that incorporate redox‐active components are enticing candidate compounds due to their potential for electronic manipulation. Lanthanoid metals are most prevalent in their trivalent state and usually redox‐activity in lanthanoid complexes is restricted to the ligand. The unique electronic and physical properties of lanthanoid ions have been exploited for various applications, including in magnetic and luminescent materials as well as in catalysis. Lanthanoid complexes are also promising for applications reliant on switchability, where the physical properties can be modulated by varying the oxidation state of a coordinated ligand. Lanthanoid‐based redox activity is also possible, encompassing both divalent and tetravalent metal oxidation states. Thus, utilization of redox‐active lanthanoid metals offers an attractive opportunity to further expand the capabilities of molecular materials. This review surveys both ligand and lanthanoid centered redox‐activity in pre‐existing molecular systems, including tuning of lanthanoid magnetic and photophysical properties by modulating the redox states of coordinated ligands. Ultimately the combination of redox‐activity at both ligands and metal centers in the same molecule can afford novel electronic structures and physical properties, including multiconfigurational electronic states and valence tautomerism. Further targeted exploration of these features is clearly warranted, both to enhance understanding of the underlying fundamental chemistry, and for the generation of a potentially important new class of molecular material.
Enhanced Adsorption of Polysulfides on Carbon Nanotubes/Boron Nitride Fibers for High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Li Mengyuan , Fu Kun , Wang Zhixuan , Cao Chaochao , Yang Jingwen , Zhai Qinghong , Zhou Zheng , Ji Jiawei , Xue Yanming , Tang Chengchun
Published: September 2020

Lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries are one of the most promising high‐energy‐density storage systems. However, serious capacity attenuation and poor cycling stability induced by the shuttle effect of polysulfide intermediates can impede the practical application of Li‐S batteries. Herein we report a novel sulfur cathode by intertwining multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and porous boron nitride fibers (BNFs) for the subsequent loading of sulfur. This structural design enables trapping of active sulfur and serves to localize the soluble polysulfide within the cathode region, leading to low active material loss. Compared with CNTs/S, CNTs/BNFs/S cathodes deliver a high initial capacity of 1222 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C. Upon increasing the current density to 4 C, the cell retained a capacity of 482 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles with a capacity decay of only 0.044 % per cycle. The design of CNTs/BNFs/S gives new insight on how to optimize cathodes for Li‐S batteries.
Hydrogen‐Bond‐Donor Solvents Enable Catalyst‐Free (Radio)‐Halogenation and Deuteration of Organoborons
Authors: Yang Yi , Gao Xinyan , Zeng Xiaojun , Han Junbin , Xu Bo
Published: September 2020

A hydrogen bond donor solvent assisted (radio)halogenation and deuteration of organoborons has been developed. The reactions exhibited high functional group tolerance and needed only an ambient atmosphere. Most importantly, compared to literature methods, our conditions are more consistent with the principals of green chemistry (e.g., metal‐free, strong oxidant‐free, more straightforward conditions).
What Determines the Selectivity of Arginine Dihydroxylation by the Nonheme Iron Enzyme OrfP?
Authors: Ali Hafiz Saqib , Henchman Richard H. , de Visser Sam P.
Published: September 2020

The nonheme iron enzyme OrfP reacts with l‐Arg selectively to form the 3R,4R‐dihydroxyarginine product, which in mammals can inhibit the nitric oxide synthase enzymes involved in blood pressure control. To understand the mechanisms of dioxygen activation of l‐Arg by OrfP and how it enables two sequential oxidation cycles on the same substrate, we performed a density functional theory study on a large active site cluster model. We show that substrate binding and positioning in the active site guides a highly selective reaction through C3−H hydrogen atom abstraction. This happens despite the fact that the C3−H and C4−H bond strengths of l‐Arg are very similar. Electronic differences in the two hydrogen atom abstraction pathways drive the reaction with an initial C3−H activation to a low‐energy 5σ‐pathway, while substrate positioning destabilizes the C4−H abstraction and sends it over the higher‐lying 5π‐pathway. We show that substrate and monohydroxylated products are strongly bound in the substrate binding pocket and hence product release is difficult and consequently its lifetime will be long enough to trigger a second oxygenation cycle.
Benzylaminoethylureido‐Tailed Benzenesulfonamides Show Potent Inhibitory Activity against Bacterial Carbonic Anhydrases
Authors: Ali Majid , Angeli Andrea , Bozdag Murat , Carta Fabrizio , Capasso Clemente , Farooq Umar , Supuran Claudiu T.
Published: September 2020

A series of benzylaminoethylureido‐tailed benzenesulfonamides was analyzed for their inhibition potential against bacterial carbonic anhydrases (CAs) such as VhCA α, β, and γ from Vibrio cholerae, and BpsCA β and γ‐CAs from Burkholderia pseudomallei. Growing drug resistance against antibiotics demands alternative targets and mechanisms of action. As CA is essential for the survival of bacteria, such enzymes have the potential for developing new antibiotics. Most of the compounds presented excellent inhibition potential against VhCA γ compared to α and β, with Ki values in the range of 82.5–191.4 nM. Several sulfonamides exhibited excellent inhibition against BpsCA β with Ki values in the range of 394–742.8 nM. Recently it has been demonstrated that sufonamide CA inhibitors are effective against vancomycin‐resistant enterococci. These data show that CA inhibition of pathogenic bacteria may lead to a new class of antibiotics.
Anti‐Lingo‐1 antibody ameliorates spatial memory and synapse loss induced by chronic stress
Authors: Xie Yu‐han , Zhou Chun‐ni , Liang Xin , Tang Jing , Yang Chun‐mao , Luo Yan‐min , Chao Feng‐lei , Jiang Lin , Wang Jin , Qi Ying‐qiang , Zhu Pei‐lin , Li Yue , Xiao Kai , Tang Yong
Published: September 2020

Chronic stress can induce cognitive impairment, and synapse number was significantly decreased in the hippocampus of rats suffering from chronic stress. Lingo‐1 is a potent negative regulator of axonal outgrowth and synaptic plasticity. In the current study, the effects of anti‐Lingo‐1 antibody on the spatial learning and memory abilities and hippocampal synapses of stressed rats were investigated. After 4 weeks of stress exposure, the model group was randomly divided into a chronic stress group and an anti‐Lingo‐1 group. Then, the anti‐Lingo‐1 group rats were treated with anti‐Lingo‐1 antibody (8 mg/kg) for 3 weeks. The effects of anti‐Lingo‐1 antibody on the spatial learning and memory abilities were investigated with the Morris water maze test. Immunohistological staining and an unbiased stereological method were used to estimate the total number of dendritic spine synapses in the hippocampus. At the behavioral level, after 3 weeks of treatment, the anti‐Lingo‐1 group rats displayed significantly more platform location crossings in the Morris water maze test than the chronic stress group rats. Anti‐Lingo‐1 significantly prevented the declines in dendritic spine synapses and postsynaptic density protein‐95 (PSD‐95) expression in the dentate gyrus and the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. The present results indicated that anti‐Lingo‐1 antibody may be a safe and effective drug for alleviating memory impairment in rats after chronic stress and protecting synapses in the hippocampus of stressed rats.
Identification of Glycochenodeoxycholate 3‐O‐Glucuronide and Glycodeoxycholate 3‐O‐Glucuronide as Highly Sensitive and Specific OATP1B1 Biomarkers
Authors: Neuvonen Mikko , Hirvensalo Päivi , Tornio Aleksi , Rago Brian , West Mark , Lazzaro Sarah , Mathialagan Sumathy , Varma Manthena , Cerny Matthew A. , Costales Chester , Ramanathan Ragu , Rodrigues A. David , Niemi Mikko
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of endogenous glycochenodeoxycholate and glycodeoxycholate 3‐O‐glucuronides (GCDCA‐3G and GDCA‐3G) as substrates for organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) in humans. We measured fasting levels of plasma GCDCA‐3G and GDCA‐3G using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry in 356 healthy volunteers. The mean plasma levels of both compounds were ~ 50% lower in women than in men (P = 2.25 × 10−18 and P = 4.73 × 10−9). In a microarray‐based genome‐wide association study, the SLCO1B1 rs4149056 (c.521T>C, p.Val174Ala) variation showed the strongest association with the plasma GCDCA‐3G (P = 3.09 × 10−30) and GDCA‐3G (P = 1.60 × 10−17) concentrations. The mean plasma concentration of GCDCA‐3G was 9.2‐fold (P = 8.77 × 10−31) and that of GDCA‐3G was 6.4‐fold (P = 2.45x10−13) higher in individuals with the SLCO1B1 c.521C/C genotype than in those with the c.521T/T genotype. No other variants showed independent genome‐wide significant associations with GCDCA‐3G or GDCA‐3G. GCDCA‐3G was highly efficacious in detecting the SLCO1B1 c.521C/C genotype with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.996 (P < 0.0001). The sensitivity (98–99%) and specificity (100%) peaked at a cutoff value of 180 ng/mL for men and 90 ng/mL for women. In a haplotype‐based analysis, SLCO1B1*5 and *15 were associated with reduced, and SLCO1B1*1B, *14, and *35 with increased OATP1B1 function. In vitro, both GCDCA‐3G and GDCA‐3G showed at least 6 times higher uptake by OATP1B1 than OATP1B3 or OATP2B1. These data indicate that the hepatic uptake of GCDCA‐3G and GDCA‐3G is predominantly mediated by OATP1B1. GCDCA‐3G, in particular, is a highly sensitive and specific OATP1B1 biomarker in humans.
Synthesis of anti‐Markovnikov Alcohols via Epoxidation and Hydrogenation of Styrenes using Photocatalytically Generated Redox Equivalents
Authors: Graml Andreas , König Burkhard
Published: September 2020

We report an efficient method for a formal anti‐Markovnikov addition of water to styrenes through photocatalytic generation of redox equivalents, using a gold‐doped titanium dioxide (Au/TiO2) semiconductor as photocatalyst. Under irradiation with UV−A light, the photocatalytic activity of Au/TiO2 generates in situ under aerobic conditions hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and under anaerobic conditions dihydrogen (H2). In the presence of oxygen and a Ru catalyst, the epoxidation of different styrene derivatives is achieved. Subsequently, regioselective reductive Pd‐catalyzed epoxide opening in the absence of oxygen gives the corresponding 2‐phenylethanol derivatives.
Falling Leaves Return to Their Roots: A Review on the Preparation of γ‐Valerolactone from Lignocellulose and Its Application in the Conversion of Lignocellulose
Authors: Xu Rui , Liu Kun , Du Haishun , Liu Huayu , Cao Xuefei , Zhao Xiyang , Qu Guanzheng , Li Xiaoyun , Li Bin , Si Chuanling
Published: September 2020

γ‐Valerolactone (GVL), derived from renewable lignocellulosic biomass, has been considered as a cost‐competitive and green platform chemical. With the increasingly prominent environmental problems, a deep understanding of the preparation and transformation of GVL is highly needed. Based on the latest progress made with GVL, preparation and applications of GVL are summarized and discussed in this Review. In particular, the state‐of‐the‐art in catalytic production of GVL is described based on the use of noble‐metal and non‐noble‐metal catalysts. The application of GVL for the valorization of lignocellulose would improve the yield of target products such as sugar monomers and furfural. Thus, GVL can be produced from lignocellulose and simultaneously it can also be used for the valorization of lignocellulose, just as in the sustainable and renewable cycle, “the falling leaves returns to their roots”. This Review is expected to provide valuable reference and new proposal for the further development and better utilization of GVL.
SIRT5 deficiency enhances the proliferative and therapeutic capacities of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells via metabolic switching
Authors: Ou Tiantong , Yang Wenlong , Li Wenjia , Lu Yijing , Dong Zheng , Zhu Hongming , Sun Xiaolei , Dong Zhen , Weng Xinyu , Chang Suchi , Li Hua , Li Yufan , Qiu Zhiwei , Hu Kai , Sun Aijun , Ge Junbo
Published: September 2020

Background

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have therapeutic potential for multiple ischemic diseases. However, in vitro expansion of MSCs before clinical application leads to metabolic reprogramming from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, drastically impairing their proliferative and therapeutic capacities. This study aimed to define the regulatory effects of Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) on the proliferative and therapeutic functions of adipose‐derived MSCs (ADMSCs) during in vitro expansion.

Methods

ADMSCs were isolated from wild‐type (WT) and Sirt5‐knockout (Sirt5−/−) mice. Cell counting assay was used to investigate the proliferative capacities of the ADMSCs. Dihydroethidium and senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase stainings were used to measure intracellular ROS and senescence levels. Mass spectrometry was used to analyze protein succinylation. Oxygen consumption rates and extra cellular acidification rates were measured as indicators of mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis. Metabolic‐related genes expression were verified by quantitative PCR and western blot. Hind limb ischemia mouse model was used to evaluate the therapeutic potentials of WT and Sirt5−/− ADSMCs.

Results

SIRT5 protein levels were upregulated in ADMCs during in vitro expansion. Sirt5−/− ADMSCs exhibited a higher proliferation rate, delayed senescence, and reduced ROS accumulation. Furthermore, elevated protein succinylation levels were observed in Sirt5−/− ADMSCs, leading to the reduced activity of tricarboxylic acid cycle‐related enzymes and attenuated mitochondrial respiration. Glucose uptake, glycolysis, and pentose phosphate pathway were elevated in Sirt5−/− ADMSCs. Inhibition of succinylation by glycine or re‐expression of Sirt5 reversed the metabolic alterations in Sirt5−/‐ ADMSCs, thus abolishing their enhanced proliferative capacities. In the hind limb ischemia mouse model, SIRT5−/− ADMSCs transplantation enhanced blood flow recovery and angiogenesis compared with WT ADMSCs.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that SIRT5 deficiency during ADMSC culture expansion leads to reversed metabolic pattern, enhanced proliferative capacities, and improved therapeutic outcomes. These data suggest SIRT5 as a potential target to enhance the functional properties of MSCs for clinical application.
Conceptualisations of writing in the curricula and the teachers’ guides of Greek preschool education: a critical discourse analysis
Authors: Tentolouris Filippos
Published: September 2020

The goal of this article is to explore the conceptualisations of writing in the curricula and the teachers’ guides of Greek preschool education (4–6 years of age). Ivanič’s framework of the six discourses of writing (the skills discourse, the creativity discourse, the process discourse, the genre discourse, the social practices discourse and the sociopolitical discourse), which shows how writing is framed in literacy education, was used for the exploration of these conceptualisations. A document‐based investigation was conducted in order to collect all the relevant texts concerning early writing and critical discourse analysis was employed in the interest of identifying and relating discourses in two key policy documents focusing on features of vocabulary and propositional assumptions. A discourse of social practices was found in the first document while the same discourse with features of other discourses co‐occur in the second document. Since the relationship among the discourses in the latter text is implicit, specific assumptions should be made to maximise their coherence. Finally, I suggest that although the social practices discourse makes a step forward which has not been conducted decisively at an international level, its implicit relationship with the other discourses and especially with the sociopolitical discourse obstructs the constitution of a comprehensive writing pedagogy.
Teacher agency in enacting physical education in a period of curriculum change and reform in Ireland
Authors: Scanlon Dylan , Calderón Antonio , MacPhail Ann
Published: September 2020

Drawing on the concept of agency and teacher agency and engaging with figurational sociology, this paper explores the extent to which teacher agency plays a role in one teacher’s enactment of a new school subject (Leaving Certificate Physical Education (LCPE), an examinable subject assessed in a high‐stakes environment) in a period of curriculum change and reform in Irish post‐primary schools. Through a case study design, one teacher was interviewed regularly (19 times) during their 1st year of teaching LCPE. The findings are presented in three teaching episodes. In analysing the three teaching episodes, the process (and fluctuation) of achieving agency is evident. The achievement of agency should not be conceptualised as a product (achieved) but rather, it should be viewed as something that is processual (achieving). We offer a figurational viewpoint of teacher agency through a constructed Figure in the paper. We argue that it is impossible to link the achievement of agency with one element (including the teacher). It is the combination of interdependent relationships (past and present, recognised and unrecognised) in a teacher’s figuration, the overarching social processes, and the contextual and structural factors surrounding and within a figuration. The paper provides considerations in how best to support teachers in their process of achieving agency.
Macronutrient intake and simulated infection threat independently affect life history traits of male decorated crickets
Authors: Duffield Kristin R. , Hampton Kylie J. , Houslay Thomas M. , Rapkin James , Hunt John , Sadd Ben M. , Sakaluk Scott K.
Published: September 2020

Nutritional geometry has advanced our understanding of how macronutrients (e.g., proteins and carbohydrates) influence the expression of life history traits and their corresponding trade‐offs. For example, recent work has revealed that reproduction and immune function in male decorated crickets are optimized at very different protein:carbohydrate (P:C) dietary ratios. However, it is unclear how an individual's macronutrient intake interacts with its perceived infection status to determine investment in reproduction or other key life history traits. Here, we employed a fully factorial design in which calling effort and immune function were quantified for male crickets fed either diets previously demonstrated to maximize calling effort (P:C = 1:8) or immune function (P:C = 5:1), and then administered a treatment from a spectrum of increasing infection cue intensity using heat‐killed bacteria. Both diet and a simulated infection threat independently influenced the survival, immunity, and reproductive effort of males. If they called, males increased calling effort at the low infection cue dose, consistent with the terminal investment hypothesis, but interpretation of responses at the higher threat levels was hampered by the differential mortality of males across infection cue and diet treatments. A high protein, low carbohydrate diet severely reduced the health, survival, and overall fitness of male crickets. There was, however, no evidence of an interaction between diet and infection cue dose on calling effort, suggesting that the threshold for terminal investment was not contingent on diet as investigated here.
Renal function dynamics following co‐administration of sacubitril/valsartan and empagliflozin in patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes
Authors: de la Espriella Rafael , Bayés‐Genís Antoni , Morillas Herminio , Bravo Rafael , Vidal Verónica , Núñez Eduardo , Santas Enrique , Miñana Gema , Sanchis Juan , Fácila Lorenzo , Torres Francisco , Górriz Jose Luis , Valle Alfonso , Núñez Julio
Published: September 2020

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety profile in terms of changes in renal function after co‐treatment with sacubitril/valsartan and empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Methods and results

This multicentre observational analysis included 108 patients with T2D and HFrEF treated with both agents: baseline sacubitril/valsartan (Group A; n = 43), baseline empagliflozin (Group B; n = 42), or both agents initiated simultaneously (Group C; n = 23). The primary endpoint was estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) dynamics across treatment groups. A binary characterization of worsening renal function (WRF)/improved renal function (IRF) was included in the primary endpoint. WRF and IRF were defined as an increase/decrease in serum creatinine ≥ 0.3 mg/dL or GFR ≥ 20%. Changes in quantitative variables were evaluated using joint modelling of survival and longitudinal data (JM). Rates and their treatment differences were determined by Poisson regression. The mean left ventricle ejection fraction and eGFR were 32 ± 6% and 70 ± 28 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. At a median follow‐up of 1.01 years (inter‐quartile range 0.71–1.50), 377 outpatient visits were recorded. Although there were differences in GFR trajectories over time within each treatment, they did not achieve statistical significance (omnibus P = 0.154). However, when these differences were contrasted among groups, there was a significant decrease in GFR in Group A as compared with Group B (P = 0.002). The contrast between Groups C and B was not significant (P = 0.430). These differences were also reflected when the rates for WRF and IRF were contrasted among treatments.

Conclusions

The co‐administration of sacubitril/valsartan and empagliflozin in patients with HFrEF and concomitant T2D appears to be safe in terms of renal function.
A valuable cardiac magnetic resonance investigation after MINOCA/takotsubo Syndrome: a case report
Authors: Pradhan Snehasis , Zalloum Nedall , Kciku Gresa , Trappe Hans‐Joachim
Published: September 2020

Myocardial infarction with non‐obstructive coronary arteries is a working diagnosis that includes takotsubo cardiomyopathy/syndrome (TTS). Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is useful for establishing the underlying aetiology of myocardial infarction with non‐obstructive coronary arteries during the acute phase, but its role in follow‐up is less well established. A 35‐year‐old man with several cardiac risk factors presented 3 days after his sister's death with biochemical and clinical features of acute myocardial infarction without coronary artery obstruction on angiography but with diagnostic features of TTS on CMR, including oedema but no late gadolinium enhancement. Subsequent CMR 3 months later revealed left ventricular late gadolinium enhancement suggesting previous acute myocardial infarction. Although the initial diagnosis of TTS was robust according to established criteria, it remained uncertain whether the later ischaemic injury was related to an ischaemic event at presentation or occurred in the intervening period. Nevertheless, CMR may have an extended role in the follow‐up of these patients and may reveal additional, actionable pathology.
NT‐pro‐BNP in patients with left ventricular hypertrabeculation/non‐compaction
Authors: Rapatz Katharina , Finsterer Josef , Voill‐Glaninger Astrid , Wilfinger‐Lutz Nastasia , Winkler‐Dworak Maria , Stöllberger Claudia
Published: September 2020

Aims

Left ventricular hypertrabeculation/non‐compaction (LVHT) is a cardiac abnormality of unknown pathogenesis and frequently associated with neuromuscular disorders. The N‐terminal fragment of the pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐pro‐BNP) is a prognostic marker in heart failure whose relevance in LVHT patients is largely unknown. The aim of the study was to assess the role of NT‐pro‐BNP levels as prognostic markers in LVHT.

Methods and results

Data of LVHT patients were collected in a database from one echocardiographic laboratory since 1996. The hospital information system was screened for measurements of NT‐pro‐BNP levels, and their association with clinical and echocardiographic baseline parameters was retrospectively assessed. During follow‐up, the endpoints were death and heart transplantation. In 113 patients (median age 57 years, 24% women), data about NT‐pro‐BNP measurements were found, ranging from 8 to 121 152 (median 2029) ng/L. High NT‐pro‐BNP levels were associated with heart failure, valvular abnormalities, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, angina pectoris, number of LVHT‐affected segments, end‐diastolic diameter, and systolic dysfunction. During a follow‐up of 73 (±64; 0–237) months, 35% of the patients reached an endpoint. High NT‐pro‐BNP levels were associated with the occurrence of an endpoint (P < 0.001). By multivariate analysis, predictors for endpoints were increased age (P = 0.0025), atrial fibrillation (P = 0.0023), natural logarithm of NT‐pro‐BNP levels (P = 0.0073), diabetes mellitus (P = 0.014), and thromboembolic events before diagnosis (P = 0.0347).

Conclusions

Also in LVHT patients, high NT‐pro‐BNP levels are indicators for death and heart transplantation.
A rise in left atrial pressure detected by the V‐LAP™ system for patients with heart failure during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Perl Leor , Ben Avraham Binyamin , Vaknin‐Assa Hana , Ben Gal Tuvia , Kornowski Ran
Published: September 2020

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, many patients refrained from inpatient medical care. For those inflicted with heart failure (HF), the risk of repeat hospitalizations is particularly high in case of infection. This presents an important opportunity for remote monitoring of haemodynamic data for these patients, in order to detect and treat accordingly. The aim of the present case is to report of the first measurements of a novel wireless left atrial pressure (LAP) monitoring system, the V‐LAP™ (Vectorious Medical Technologies, Ltd), during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The V‐LAP™ Left Atrium Monitoring systEm for Patients With Chronic sysTOlic & Diastolic Congestive heart Failure (VECTOR‐HF) is a first‐in‐man clinical study assessing the safety and feasibility of the V‐LAP™ monitoring system. Our first patient, a 59‐year‐old man with severe ischaemic cardiomyopathy (left ventricular ejection fraction −30%) was enrolled prior to the COVID‐19 outbreak. As per protocol, both the patient and the medical team were blinded to the results in the first 3 months after implantation. We were able to witness the LAP during the pandemic, as the patient remained undertreated, demonstrating a gradual increase from a mean pressure of 6.56 to 19.4 mmHg, as well as prominent V waves, before the data became available to the medical team and the patient was treated accordingly. Thereafter, pressures have returned to low values. This case demonstrated the feasibility of remote monitoring of LAP using the V‐LAP™ system, as well as the potential benefit of remote care of HF patients.
Hierarchical Porous Tubular Biochar Based Sensor for Detection of Trace Lead (II)
Authors: Chen Xue , Lu Kunchao , Lin Donghai , Li Yan , Yin Shiyu , Zhang Zhiyi , Tang Meihua , Chen Guosong
Published: September 2020

Hierarchical porous tubular biochar (PTBC) was prepared by selectively removing lignin simply according to reverse the pyrolysis sequence of cellulose. The properties of the PTBC sample were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, Raman spectra, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical performances of PTBC modified on the screen‐printing electrode illustrated excellent detection of lead ions (lead (II)) in water with the linear range (0.5–120 μg/L) and the detection limit (0.02 μg/L) by in‐situ bismuth film square wave anode stripping voltammetry.
Between Liquid and All Solid: A Prospect on Electrolyte Future in Lithium‐Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Horowitz Yonatan , Schmidt Christina , Yoon Dong-hwan , Riegger Luise Mathilda , Katzenmeier Leon , Bosch Georg Maximillian , Noked Malachi , Ein-Eli Yair , Janek Jürgen , Zeier Wolfgang G. , Diesendruck Charles Eliezer , Golodnitsky Diana
Published: September 2020

Herein, three electrolyte families (liquid, polymer, and ceramic) are compared and their future perspectives in research and application are discussed. First, the transport mechanism for each family is presented, as their beneficial and taxing properties stem from the differences in these mechanisms. Following a discussion of each group, their advantages, and limitations, a clear conclusion can be drawn on the need to focus on research on solid electrolytes, which present brighter prospects in terms of significant future advances in lithium‐based battery systems. Yet, in a more realistic perspective based on current work by companies such as Samsung, Solid Power, and QuantumScape, it is our understanding that the hybridization of polymer and solid electrolytes will likely dominate practical electrolyte chemistries, at least in the near future, given that the synergetic properties of the two families are larger than their single parts. Inevitably, solid‐state electrolytes will dominate, mainly in electric vehicles and future lithium battery chemistries.
Superior Performance of Electrochemical Double Layer Supercapacitor Made with Asphaltene Derived Activated Carbon Fibers
Authors: Abedi Zahra , Leistenschneider Desirée , Chen Weixing , Ivey Douglas G.
Published: September 2020

High energy and power values are obtained from fabricated electrochemical double layer supercapacitor (EDLS) cells derived from asphaltene precursors, which are a solid by‐product of bitumen extraction in pentane solvents. Chemical activation, using dry KOH, is used to activate carbon fibers. Chemical activation introduces high specific surface areas (SSAs) into the fiber microstructure by partially etching the carbon. The electrodes are prepared by mixing activated fibers, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and acetylene black to form flexible electrode films. The unique bimodal pore size distribution with large micropore and mesopore volumes (micropore volume as high as 0.88 cm3 g−1), from chemical activation, generate high‐performance EDLS symmetric cells with capacitance values exceeding 310 F g−1 in aqueous electrolytes and 210 F g−1 in ionic liquid electrolytes (at a specific current of 40 mA g−1). A specific energy of 36 Wh kg−1 at a specific power of 525 W kg−1 is reached in ionic liquid electrolytes.
Ultrathin Mesoporous Carbon Nitride Nanosheets Prepared Through a One‐Pot Approach towards Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Yu Siyu , Li Chunmei , Wu Huihui , Wang Yun , Wang Lei , Dong Hongjun , Han Zhonghui
Published: September 2020

It is still a huge challenge to design a high‐efficiency ultrathin mesoporous nonmetallic photocatalyst by facile eco‐friendly approach for simultaneously enhanced photocatalytic performance for degradation organic pollutant and H2 generation from water splitting. Herein, ultrathin mesoporous carbon nitride nanosheets are prepared via a one‐step thermal polycondensation approach using urea and ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3) as precursor, where the small molecules generated in the thermal treatment process are environmentally friendly. It exhibits high photocatalytic degradation bisphenol A performance and H2 evolution activity compared with the bulk graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) nanosheet. The improvement of photocatalytic performance results from the ultrathin mesoporous structure with enlarged specific surface area and the abundant mesoporous channels, which facilitates the light absorption and promotes the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. This work demonstrates a facile eco‐friendly approach to modulate g‐C3N4 morphology for improving its photocatalytic performance.
Reflections onEquity‐CenteredDesign
Authors: Oliveri María Elena , Nastal Jessica , Slomp David
Published: September 2020

This report discusses frameworks and assessment development approaches to consider fairness, opportunity to learn, and consequences of test use in the design and use of assessments administered to diverse populations. Examples include the integrated design and appraisal framework and the sociocognitively based evidence‐centered design approach. The report also provides an overview of approaches that have been used before to increase the utility, relevance, and authenticity (verisimilitude) of assessments to inform various decisions made from the use of assessments administered to diverse populations. These considerations are important as the test‐taker populations engaging in assessment situations become increasingly more diverse at the national and international levels.
Combining boundary‐conforming finite element meshes on moving domains using a sliding mesh approach
Authors: Helmig Jan , Key Fabian , Behr Marek , Elgeti Stefanie
Published: September 2020

For most finite element simulations, boundary‐conforming meshes have significant advantages in terms of accuracy or efficiency. This is particularly true for complex domains. However, with increased complexity of the domain, generating a boundary‐conforming mesh becomes more difficult and time consuming. One might therefore decide to resort to an approach where individual boundary‐conforming meshes are pieced together in a modular fashion to form a larger domain. This article presents a stabilized finite element formulation for fluid and temperature equations on sliding meshes. It couples the solution fields of multiple subdomains whose boundaries slide along each other on common interfaces. Thus, the method allows to use highly tuned boundary‐conforming meshes for each subdomain that are only coupled at the overlapping boundary interfaces. In contrast to standard overlapping or fictitious domain methods the coupling is broken down to few interfaces with reduced geometric dimension. The formulation consists of the following key ingredients: the coupling of the solution fields on the overlapping surfaces is imposed weakly using a stabilized version of Nitsche's method. It ensures mass and energy conservation at the common interfaces. Additionally, we allow to impose weak Dirichlet boundary conditions at the nonoverlapping parts of the interfaces. We present a detailed numerical study for the resulting stabilized formulation. It shows optimal convergence behavior of the interface coupling for both Newtonian and generalized Newtonian material models. Simulations of flow of plastic melt inside single‐screw as well as twin‐screw extruders demonstrate the applicability of the method to complex and relevant industrial applications.
Combination of beneficial bacteria improves blueberry production and soil quality
Authors: Yu Yi‐Yang , Xu Jing‐Da , Huang Tao‐Xiang , Zhong Jian , Yu Hong , Qiu Jing‐Ping , Guo Jian‐Hua
Published: September 2020

Blueberry is an important agricultural crop with high nutritional, health, and economic value. Despite the well‐studied blueberry cultivation methods and soil requirements, little is known about how beneficial bacteria function in organic blueberry cultivation systems and their effects on acidic soils. In this study, a single bacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens JC65 and three biocontrol bacteria consortiums containing JC65 were applied to organic system. The effect of bacteria to blueberry growth, yield, fruit quality, and soil quality was investigated. A consortium of three mixed Bacillus (B. amyloliquefaciens JC65, B. licheniforims HS10 and B. subtilis 7ze3) showed the highest growth improvement efficiency. The bacterial inoculation increased blueberry leaf chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate by 21.50%, 13.21% at 30 days, and increased average plant height by 2.72% at 69 days. Compared with the control, the inoculated plants showed an increased yield of 14.56%. Interestingly, blueberry fruit quality was also improved with supplement of the bacterial consortium. Fruit anthocyanin, soluble sugar, vitamin C, soluble solids, and soluble protein content were increased by 5.99%, 4.21%, 17.31%, 2.41%, and 21.65%, respectively. Besides, beneficial bacterial consortium also enables sustainable agriculture by improving soil ammonium nitrogen and organic matter by 3.77% and 2.96% after blueberry planting. In conclusion, the combination of beneficial bacteria showed a synergistic activity in organic system to promote the blueberry yield, fruit quality, and soil nutrient preservation.
Loci identified by a genome‐wide association study of carotid artery stenosis in the eMERGE network
Authors: Palmer Melody R. , Kim Daniel S. , Crosslin David R. , Stanaway Ian B. , Rosenthal Elisabeth A. , Carrell David S. , Cronkite David J. , Gordon Adam , Du Xiaomeng , Li Yatong K. , Williams Marc S. , Weng Chunhua , Feng Qiping , Li Rongling , Pendergrass Sarah A. , Hakonarson Hakon , Fasel David , Sohn Sunghwan , Sleiman Patrick , Handelman Samuel K. , Speliotes Elizabeth , Kullo Iftikhar J. , Larson Eric B. ,   The eMERGE Consortium, Jarvik Gail P.
Published: September 2020

Carotid artery atherosclerotic disease (CAAD) is a risk factor for stroke. We used a genome‐wide association (GWAS) approach to discover genetic variants associated with CAAD in participants in the electronic Medical Records and Genomics (eMERGE) Network. We identified adult CAAD cases with unilateral or bilateral carotid artery stenosis and controls without evidence of stenosis from electronic health records at eight eMERGE sites. We performed GWAS with a model adjusting for age, sex, study site, and genetic principal components of ancestry. In eMERGE we found 1793 CAAD cases and 17,958 controls. Two loci reached genome‐wide significance, on chr6 in LPA (rs10455872, odds ratio [OR] (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 1.50 (1.30–1.73), p = 2.1 × 10−8) and on chr7, an intergenic single nucleotide variant (SNV; rs6952610, OR (95% CI) = 1.25 (1.16–1.36), p = 4.3 × 10−8). The chr7 association remained significant in the presence of the LPA SNV as a covariate. The LPA SNV was also associated with coronary heart disease (CHD; 4199 cases and 11,679 controls) in this study (OR (95% CI) = 1.27 (1.13–1.43), p = 5 × 10−5) but the chr7 SNV was not (OR (95% CI) = 1.03 (0.97–1.09), p = .37). Both variants replicated in UK Biobank. Elevated lipoprotein(a) concentrations ([Lp(a)]) and LPA variants associated with elevated [Lp(a)] have previously been associated with CAAD and CHD, including rs10455872. With electronic health record phenotypes in eMERGE and UKB, we replicated a previously known association and identified a novel locus associated with CAAD.
Silurian alkaline magmatism in the Saur area, northern West Junggar: Evidence for the Middle Palaeozoic amalgamation of the Kazakhstan Block at the south‐west of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt
Authors: Song Fang , Chen Jia‐Fu , Han Bao‐Fu , Yang Hong‐Zhang
Published: September 2020

Although it is generally accepted that the Kazakhstan Block is an assemblage of Precambrian microcontinents and Early Palaeozoic island arcs, the details and timing constraint of the collage process need to be precisely studied in local regions. Thus, we conducted combined studies of geochemistry, zircon U–Pb geochronology and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes upon the Awusiqi alkali‐feldspar granite and volcanic rocks from the Saur area in northern West Junggar. The Awusiqi volcanic rocks are mainly composed of andesites, rhyolites, and pyroclastic rocks. The alkali‐feldspar granite directly intrudes into the surrounding volcanic strata. Zircon U–Pb ages of the Awusiqi andesites, rhyolites, and alkali‐feldspar granite are 431 ± 3 Ma, 428 ± 5 Ma, and 426 ± 6 Ma, respectively. These new age data imply for the existence of Silurian magmatism in the Saur area. The alkali‐feldspar granite and rhyolites with high silica and alkali contents belong to metaluminous to weakly peraluminous and alkaline series and show seagull‐type REE patterns with strongly negative Eu anomalies. They are relatively enriched in the light rare earth elements (LREEs), K, Rb, Ba, Cs and other large‐ionic lithophile elements (LILEs), and are poor in P, Sr, and Eu, geochemically similar to those of A2‐type granites. The alkali‐feldspar granites have positive zircon εHf(t) values varying from +11.03 to +16.87 and young Hf model ages (TDM2 = 686 – 425 Ma). These features suggest that the Awusiqi alkali‐feldspar granite and rhyolites (except sample 18XJSF22C) were generated by partial melting of the juvenile lower crust with fractional crystallization, whereas sample 18XJSF22C shows mantle‐derived features. Awusiqi andesites show typical sanukitic high‐Mg andesites characteristics(Mg# = 48.08 – 65.52). The andesites are enriched in LREEs and LILEs, and are depleted in Nb, Ta, and Ti. They also have relatively high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.70543 – 0.70547), positive εNd(t) values (+2.5 – +5.7), and ancient Nd model ages (TDM1 = 1,093 – 815 Ma). These features suggest the andesites were likely derived from partial melting of a depleted mantle source previously metasomatized by slab‐derived fluids and melts. The discovery of Silurian magmatism in the Saur area has further confirmed the existence of Early Palaeozoic Tarbagtay arc basement and widespread Middle Palaeozoic A2‐type granitoids. We favor a post‐collisional setting in the Silurian in northern West Junggar, which also is the local embodiment of the Middle Palaeozoic amalgamation of the Kazakhstan Block.
Meso‐Cenozoic rheological structure of the Linqing Depression: Implications for cratonic destruction
Authors: Xu Wei , Li Yi , Cheng Luyao
Published: September 2020

The evolution of the lithospheric rheological structure can reveal geodynamic processes of cratonic destruction. Using data of palaeo‐heat flow, crustal structure, and rheological parameters, we studied the rheological structure of the Linqing Depression. The results show that the lithosphere of the Linqing Depression experienced two stages of weakening, one in the Cretaceous and the other in the Palaeogene, with lithospheric strengths of approximately 2.09 and 1.67 × 1012 N/m and effective elastic thicknesses (Te) of approximately 24 and 20 km, respectively. The Meso‐Cenozoic rheological structures correspond to the ‘jelly sandwich’, ‘crème brûlée’, and ‘banana split’ models. The transformation of these models is closely related to the thermal regime, stress environment, and mantle water content of the Linqing Depression. The rheological structure evolution of the Linqing Depression is correlated with the cratonic destruction of the North China Craton. The geodynamic mechanism of lithospheric weakening in the late Early Cretaceous is related to the subduction and retreat of the Pacific Plate, and the lithospheric weakening in the late Early Palaeogene was a combined effect of the Indo‐Asian collision and subductions of the Pacific and Philippine Sea plates.