bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tratamiento de las Exacerbaciones Respiratorias en Niños con Fibrosis Quística
Authors: Llaque Quiroz Patricia , Monsante Carrillo Lucrecia , Salas Salas Erick , Bernaola Aponte Guillermo
Published: November 2023

Las exacerbaciones respiratorias de fibrosis quística se definen como la necesidad de tratamiento antibiótico adicional indicado por un cambio reciente en al menos dos de los siguientes parámetros: cambio en el volumen o color del esputo, aumento de tos, incremento de la sensación de malestar, fatiga o letargo, anorexia o pérdida de peso, disminución de la función pulmonar mayor al 10%, cambios radiográficos o incremento de la disnea. Las exacerbaciones respiratorias deben ser prevenidas y tratadas de manera oportuna y agresiva para mejorar o mantener la función pulmonar, mejorar la calidad de vida y prolongar la supervivencia. Están causadas por virus, bacterias y hongos. Las estrategias de tratamiento consisten en dar tratamiento antibiótico que puede ser administrado ambulatoriamente o en un centro hospitalario de acuerdo a la severidad de los síntomas, intensificación de la fisioterapia respiratoria y de nebulización con broncodilatadores y mucolíticos además del manejo de comorbilidades.
Propuesta de Aplicación de un Protocolo Basado en la Evidencia de la Ventilación Mecánica no Invasiva en el Paciente Crítico
Authors: Tantaleán Da Fieno José , Rojas Galarza Raúl , Aburto Torres Christian , Aronés Rojas Rubén , Bernaola Aponte Guillermo , Gonzáles Saravia Carlos , Escalante Kanashiro Raffo , Muñoz Huerta Pamela , Poma Quispe Diana , Mallma Arrescurrenaga Gabriela , Weiss Sosa Rosa
Published: November 2023

La Ventilación Mecánica No Invasiva (VMNI) es una estrategia utilizada en la atención de pacientes que requieren soporte ventilatorio, que ha venido ganando aceptación. El sistema de salud nacional presenta una demanda creciente de niños que requieren este soporte.

Objetivo: Normarla aplicación y vigilancia de la VMNI en un establecimiento de salud de nivel terciario.

Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluaron los estudios y documentos consultados según la escala de valoración de la evidencia y gradación de las recomendaciones recomendada por la Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN)y se plasmaron en el protocolo propuesto. Se plantearon las siguientes interrogantes: 1)¿Cuáles son las modalidades de VMNI empleadas en pediatría?; 2) ¿Cuáles son las indicaciones clínicas y/o de laboratorio para iniciar la VMNI?; 3) ¿Cuáles son las indicaciones clínicas y/o de laboratorio para iniciar la VMNI en los Servicios de Emergencia, Hospitalización y la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos?; 4) ¿Durante qué tiempo y cuál es el intervalo para monitorizar si la VMNI está resultando como alternativa terapéutica?; 5) ¿Cuáles son las complicaciones de la VMNI?; 6) ¿Cuáles son los mejores predictores de éxito y de fracaso de la aplicación de la VMNI?; 7) ¿Cuáles son los mejores indicadores para monitorizar el empleo de VMNI?; 8) ¿Cuál es la conducta a seguir frente al fracaso de la VMNI?; 9) ¿Qué personal está calificado para la aplicación de la VMNI?; 10) ¿Qué personal y material es requerido para la aplicación de la VMNI?; 11) ¿Cuál es la secuencia recomendada para la aplicación de la VMNI de inicio?

Resultados: Se desarrolla el protocolo y se presentan las recomendaciones graduadas según nivel de evidencia incluyendo el algoritmo y definiciones.

Conclusión: Se presenta un protocolo de manejo de la ventilación mecánica no invasiva en niños, basado en la mejor evidencia disponible.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation from Intraperitoneal Oxaliplatin for Appendiceal Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Lopez Marc Paul , Manlubatan Sofia Isabel , Onglao Mark Augustine , Orolfo-Real Irisyl
Published: November 2023

This is a case of a 65-year-old female diagnosed with appendiceal carcinoma, who underwent cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Profuse bleeding through the peritoneal drains, with hemodynamic instability, warranted a re-exploration on the fourth postoperative day. Intraoperatively, there was 500 mL of blood clots mostly on the right upper quadrant, diffuse muscle oozing along the previously-stripped right hemidiaphragm and right paracolic gutter, and a non-expanding hematoma on the right anterior abdominal wall. Bleeding parameters were checked postoperatively, and derangements pointing to a disseminated intravascular coagulation were noted. The patient was managed with multiple blood transfusions of packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, platelet concentrates, and cryoprecipitate. Dexamethasone and tranexamic acid were given intravenously. The patient was discharged well on postoperative day 14 after clinical resolution of the bleeding. Eight days after discharge, however, patient succumbed to myocardial infarction. Key words: disseminated intravascular coagulation, oxaliplatin, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Multiple Strategies to Avoid Life-threatening Blood Loss During Intralesional Resection of a Giant Plexiform Neurofibroma: A Case Report
Authors: Guillermo Ma. Katrina , Dofitas Rodney
Published: November 2023

Giant plexiform neurofibroma (PNs) are benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors known to contain multiple fascicles of nerve and numerous friable vascular components. Most consult due to significant disfigurement and functional deficit. Though surgery is the current standard of therapy, there is high reservation in pushing through with resection in most cases. The reservation stems from the recognized difficulty in controlling intraoperative life-threatening hemorrhage. A 25-year-old female came in our institution due to multiple debilitating giant PNs on her scalp, back, neck, shoulder, and chest. She opted for debulking surgery despite possible complications and recurrence. Multiple modalities used to prevent massive bleeding in this case included preoperative arterial embolization, energy sealing device, cutting linear stapler, and interlocking retention sutures. The aim of this case report was to discuss the utility of each of these techniques, the advantages and disadvantages of each approach based on our experience. Key words: Neurofibromatosis type-1, plexiform neurofibroma, hemorrhage, neurofibroma resection, preoperative arterial embolization
Pre-natal diagnosis of pulmonary sequestration
Authors: Saad Thales Aguiar , Couto Júlio César Faria , Baylon e Silva Mateus Henrique , Alves Fabrício Maia Torres , Villela Ovídio Carlos Carneiro
Published: November 2023

Pulmonary sequestration (PS) consists of a rare lung malformation, characterized by a mass of non-functional lung tissue, which does not maintain normal communication with the tracheobronchial tree and whose blood supply is from an anomalous systemic artery. Its prenatal diagnosis is still rare, usually performed in centers of reference by trained professionals. The following is a case report of a prenatal diagnosis of pulmonary sequestration, correlating the pre and postnatal findings in different methods of diagnostic imaging.
A STUDY ON BUYING BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS GREEN PRODUCTS
Authors: Dr. G.S Dhanashree
Published: November 2023

Climate change is a genuine issue that everyone on the planet is discussing. People all throughout the world are paying a high price for environmental degradation. That is why being ecologically responsible has become an urgent necessity. And it is highly applicable to the manufacturing sectors all throughout the world, as well as the customers who use such items. Governments are also doing their share to safeguard the environment by prohibiting the use of plastics, establishing stringent limits on carbon emissions, promoting recycling, and other ways. The purchase and use of environmentally hazardous items is one of the most significant contributors to environmental deterioration. The current study focuses on consumers in Tirunelveli district. A total of 109 respondents were selected for the research. A questionnaire was used to gather the primary data which was then analyzed using statistical tools like weighted average and structural equation modeling. The major finding of the study is that the consumer’s environmental values have a favorable impact on their perception towards eco-friendly goods. Similarly, consumer’s environmental value has a favorable impact on their eco-friendly product purchase behavior.
منهجية وضوابط التفسير المقارن: تحليل وتقييم للمفاهيم والمبادئ
Authors: عطاء الله نظري  , غلام مصطفي نخبه
Published: November 2023

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى استعراض مفهوم وتطور التفسير المقارن، بما في ذلك ألوانه ومناهجه، والضوابط المنهجية لترجيح القول الراجح في هذا المجال. كما تعمل الدراسة على توضيح المبادئ والمعايير التي تستخدم في تفضيل واختيار الرأي الأكثر قوة ومنطقية.
 تعتمد الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي والتحليلي، وتستند إلى مصادر مكتبية موثوقة. توصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج مهمة، بما في ذلك أن منهجية التفسير المقارن تشمل تحديد الموضوع وأهدافه، وإجراء مقارنات دقيقة بين آراء ومناهج المفسرين، ومناقشة الأدلة المتعلقة بهم بناءً على منهجية محددة. كما تشير الدراسة إلى ضرورة تسجيل نتائج المقارنة واعتماد الرأي الراجح بناءً على الأدلة المعتبرة وتجنب الاعتماد على الآراء المرجوحة.  تشير النتائج أيضًا إلى أن التفسير المقارن يساهم في تصحيح وضبط مسار التفسير الديني، ويساهم في التخلص من الآراء الضعيفة التي تستند إلى أسس غير سليمة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يوفر التفسير المقارن فرصًا لاستكشاف وجهات نظر جديدة، ويساهم في فتح آفاق جديدة وفتح أبواب للأفكار والأذهان والقلوب، بهدف تطوير منهج شامل يجمع بين آراء المفسرين المتنوعة.
سفر المرأة بغير محرم أو زوج في ضوء أحاديث النبوية ﷺ وأقوال الفقهاء القدامى والمعاصرين
Authors: غلام مصطفى نخبه
Published: November 2023

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلی مسألة سفر المرأة بلا محرم أو زوج فی ضوء احادیث النبویةﷺ و آراء الفقهاء القدامى والمعاصرين والتي كانت ولا تزال تختلف في كل مرحلة، کما تجيب علی أسئلة عن المشکلة التی تواجه الدراسة، و الأمر الذي سُبب بعض التساؤلات حول هذه القضية وملابساتها. وقد اعتنى الاسلام برعاية شؤون النساء، أمًّا وبنتًا وأختًا وزوجة، واهتم بها حضرًا وسفرًا، ومن مظاهر هذا الاهتمام ما بيَّنه رسول الله ﷺ ألا تسافر المرأة وحدها سفرًا إلا مع محرم أو زوج.  اتبعنا في انجاز هذا البحث منهجاً وصفياً وتحليلياً، واستخدام موارد وبيانات المكتبة، معتمدين على أمهات الكتب والمقالات العلمية المؤلفة المتعلقة بالموضوع.
 وأظهرت نتائج هذه الدراسة في أن مسألة سفر المرأة مع محرم من الموضوعات التي تم بحثها ودراستها منذ العصور القديمة وحتى اليوم، والتي كانت ولا تزال تختلف في كل مرحلة. ومع وضوح هذا الحكم، إلاّ أن نظرة عميقة ودقيقة باحثة عن العلة والسبب التي من أجلها اشتُرط الزوج أو المحرم في سفر المرأة، تبيّن أن اشتراط الزوج أو المحرَم إنما هو للمحافظةِ على المرأة وصيانيِها من المخاطِر المتوقعة في السفر، فمتى ما حصل هذا المعنى فقد تحقق الحكم الشرعي وتحصل مقصود الشارع، ولذا أجاز بعض العلماء أن تسافر المرأة مع رفقة مأمونة لا يُخشى على المرأة بأس إن هي سافرت معها. قال بعض العلماء المعاصرين: والأفضل هو أنه لا ينبغي للمرأة أن تسافر بدون محرم، أو زوج ولكن إذا لزم الأمر، يمكنها السفر بدون محرم أو زوج مع مراعاة عدد من الشروط.
المقاصد التربوية والاجتماعية للقصص القرآني
Authors: سالمة محمد حسين بركة
Published: November 2023

يهدف هذا المقال إلى فحص الأهداف التربوية والاجتماعية المتجسدة في القصص القرآنية، التي تحتل مكانة بارزة ضمن تعاليم الإسلام. يهدف هذا البحث إلى إلقاء الضوء على الأغراض المتعددة التي تخدمها هذه السرديات، سواء من حيث نقل الدروس الأخلاقية والأخلاقية أو من خلال تشكيل النسيج الاجتماعي للجماعة المسلمة. يتضمن الأسلوب المستخدم تحليلًا شاملاً لبعض القصص القرآنية المختارة، باستخدام كل من التفسير التقليدي والرؤى العلمية المعاصرة. تُظهر نتائج التحليل تداخلًا معقدًا للنوايا التربوية والثقافية الاجتماعية داخل القصص القرآنية. تُستخدم هذه السرديات كوسيلة قوية لنقل القيم المعنوية والمبادئ الأخلاقية والإرشاد للسلوك الصالح. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تُيسّر هذه القصص نقل القواعد الثقافية والهوية الجماعية وفهم مشترك للمسؤوليات المجتمعية. علاوة على ذلك، يناقش المقال آثار هذه النتائج على التعليم المعاصر وتماسك المجتمع. تقدم القصص القرآنية موردًا زمنيًا وعالميًا للتربية المعنوية، معززة تنمية الشخصية والتفكير النقدي. وعلاوة على ذلك، تُسهم في تنمية شعور قوي بالمجتمع، حيث تعزز السرديات المشتركة التعاطف والتعاون والالتزام بالعدالة الاجتماعية.
What if It Didn’t Happen: Data Management and Avoiding Research Misconduct
Authors: Coates Heather , Goben Abigail , Briney Kristin
Published: November 2023

As research misconduct has created reproducibility and researcher reputation concerns, there is an opportunity to recommend data management techniques to assist researchers as they seek to prevent these issues. Also central to the discussion are issues of power in the conduct of research, particularly in upholding the values of honesty and accountability. This commentary discusses how data professionals can engage in practical strategies to protect against allegations of misconduct.
Addressing the Needs of Multiple Sclerosis Caregivers From Diagnosis Onward: The Development of a Comprehensive Online Caregiver Protocol
Authors: Kalb Rosalind C. , Miller Deborah , Strum Jon , Loud Sara
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Caregivers of individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) have emotional, instrumental, wellness, and social needs beginning with their partner’s diagnosis and continuing throughout the disease course. Their feelings of grief, anxiety, depression, isolation, and fatigue, as well as the limited time they have for their own self-care, impact their health and quality of life; yet caregiver needs often go unrecognized by health care providers, extended family, friends, and employers. This project creates an online caregiver resource that will benefit caregivers, enable MS clinicians to offer caregivers the support and resources they need in a timely and time-efficient way, and thereby benefit individuals with MS as well.

METHODS

We assembled a caregiver advisory board to help us identify caregiver needs and corresponding resources starting from diagnosis and continuing throughout the disease course. We then surveyed the larger MS caregiver community for validation and refinement of the resource list. Each of the identified resources was then vetted for quality and accuracy by the authors.

RESULTS

The caregiver resources are now ready to be put into a dedicated website that will allow easy access to information, support, tools, and resources as needed.

CONCLUSIONS

The process of creating this caregiver resource confirmed longstanding findings in the literature about the caregiving role. The resource that has been created will benefit caregivers of individuals with MS, their loved ones, and MS clinicians.
Separating the control of moving and holding still in post-stroke arm paresis
Authors: Hadjiosif Alkis M. , Kita Kahori , Albert Scott T. , Scheidt Robert A. , Shadmehr Reza , Krakauer John W.
Published: November 2023

Moving and holding still have been posited to be under separate control regimes for both eye and arm movements. The paretic arm after stroke is notable for abnormalities both at rest and during movement, thus it provides an opportunity to address the relationships between control of reaching, stopping, and stabilizing. In this study, we asked whether independence of these behaviors is preserved in arm paresis. To address this question, we quantified resting postural abnormalities in stroke patients by measuring their biases in force production as they held their hand still in various locations in a planar workspace, and then assessed the influence of these resting force biases on active reaching in the same workspace. We found that patients had marked resting postural force biases at each location, even for the case when arm support was provided. However, these biases did not manifest during any phase of arm-supported planar reaching movements: not during initial acceleration, not to mid-trajectory perturbations, and not during deceleration to a stop. Resting force biases only appeared to switch on after a movement had fully stopped. These findings in stroke suggest that moving and holding still are functionally separable modes of control. At the same time, we found that patients’ resting postural force biases mirrored characteristics of abnormal synergies active during movement: they markedly decreased when arm support was provided; they were higher in more distal positions which require breaking out of flexion; and they scaled with the Fugl-Meyer score for the upper extremity (a measure of intrusion of abnormal synergies during active movement). These three shared features suggest a common mechanism for resting postural biases and abnormal synergies, which appears to be a contradiction given the functional separation of moving and holding still observed in the same patients. To resolve this apparent paradox, we propose a model that predicts a breakdown in the functional separation between reaching and holding still when patients move in the absence of weight support. Thus, the model posits that synergies are the behavioral manifestation of a spillover of posture into movement. Mapping these functional systems onto anatomical and physiological details of lesioned substrate after stroke may provide implementation-level insight into how normal arm motor control is assembled.
Post-Mating Inhibition of Female Sexual Drive via Heterogeneous Neuronal Ensembles in the Medial Preoptic Area
Authors: Ishii Kentaro K , Hashikawa Koichi , Chea Jane , Yin Shihan , Fox Rebecca Erin , Kan Suyang , Zhou Charles , Navarrete Jovana , Murry Alexandria D. , Szelenyi Eric R , Golden Sam A. , Stuber Garret D.
Published: November 2023

The completion of mating acutely suppresses sexual motivation in male mice. In contrast, relatively little is known about how the completion of mating affects sexual motivation and sexual behavior in female mice. How the brain responds to completion of mating is also unclear. Here, by using self-paced mating assay, we first demonstrate that female mice show decreased sexual motivation after the completion of mating. By using brain-wide analysis of activity-dependent labeling, we next pin-pointed the medial preoptic area as a brain region strongly responding to mating completion. Furthermore, using freely moving
in vivo
calcium imaging to compare neural activity of inhibitory and excitatory neurons in the medial preoptic area, we revealed that a subset of neurons responds significantly and specifically to mating completion but not to appetitive or consummatory behaviors. While there were excitatory and inhibitory neurons that showed positive response to the completion of mating, the response magnitude as well as the proportion of neurons responding to the event was significantly larger in the inhibitory neuron population. Next, by unbiased classification of their responses, we also found a subpopulation of neurons that increase their activity late after the onset of the completion of mating. These neurons were all inhibitory indicating that the completion of mating induces a prolonged inhibitory activity in the medial preoptic area. Lastly, we found that chemogenetic activation of medial preoptic area neurons that respond to mating completion, but not to appetitive behaviors, was sufficient to suppress female sexual motivation. Together, our data illuminate the importance of medial preoptic area as a brain node which encodes a negative signal that sustains low sexual motivation state after the completion of mating in female mice.Female mice show decreased sexual motivation after mating completion.A subset of MPOA neurons respond specifically to mating completion.Mating completion evokes persistent activity in MPOA inhibitory neurons.Activation of a subset of MPOA neurons is sufficient to suppress female sexual motivation.
Physical and Hydrodynamic Textural Parameters of Soils: The Case of the Rubber Plantations of the Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA) Anguédédou in South-Eastern Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Djézou Konan , Antoine Koffi , Lopez Essehi Jean , Fernand Yao Guy , Thierry Lekadou Takra , Dogniméton Soro , Samuel Obouayeba
Published: November 2023

The rubber tree, a species of Amazonian forest tree, is cultivated for its latex, which is rich in natural rubber. Its cultivation is of economic, social, climatic and environmental importance. However, it is often accused of destroying the soil. To clear up this misunderstanding, a study was carried out to characterise the physical and hydrodynamic characteristics of soils under rubber in south-eastern Côte d'Ivoire. According to the biotope (rubber plantation, abandoned rubber plantations and forest) and the age of the rubber plantations, this study selected 12 plots. These included ten rubber plantations that were divided into four age categories: 1-5 years, 6-10 years, 11-20 years, and 21-40 years. Additionally, a secondary forest was also selected as a control, which was located in close proximity to these plantations. Furthermore, a rubber plantation that had been abandoned for more than eight years was also selected considered as a transition between the active plantations and the secondary forest. In these biotopes, soil samples were taken using an auger and sent to the laboratory to determine soil texture. Using the Yoro sand method and the single ring device, the apparent density, porosity and water infiltration rate of the soils were determined. The results show that the soil texture of the CNRA Anguédédou rubber plantations in southern Côte d'Ivoire is generally clayey.  On the other hand, the texture of the soils of the youngest plantations (1 to 5 years old) is silty-clayey with more than 37% clay and a low water content. However, the soils of old rubber plantations with a clay texture have high water content. The soil compactness observed in young rubber plantations is corrected as the plantations age.
Stability Analysis in Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Genotypes under Various Environmental Conditions
Authors: Patel Neelesh , Lakhani J. P. , Singh Sanjay Kumar , Chauhan Pankaj , Dangi Dhuruv , Prajapati Pramod Kumar
Published: November 2023

Present study was undertaken to estimate the G x E interactions and identify the stable genotypes for yield traits in field pea. A total of 43 field pea genotypes were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three replications along with three different dates of sowing at BSP Soybean Unit, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Jabalpur during Rabi Season 2022-2023. The analysis of variance was applied on 16 different quantitative traits both individually and pooled under various environmental conditions. The stability analysis for seed yield per plant was assessed using Eberhart and Russell's model, revealing significant variations among different genotypes and environmental conditions. The mean squares attributed to both environments and genotype-environment interactions (E + G x E) indicated significant interactions between genotypes and environments. Further, partitioning of genotype-environment (linear) interactions was found to be highly significant for seed yield per plant. Genotypes Shikha, KPMR 485 and HFP 94-12 were found ideal and stable genotypes for seed yield per plant as that possessed mean value higher than general mean, regression coefficient near to unity (Bi=1) with minimum deviation from regression (S2di~0). Thus, identified stable genotypes can be utilized for different seasons and regions for obtaining the stable yield performance.
Effect of Vegetable Oil Mill Effluents on Physiological Properties of Brassica compestris L. Seeds
Authors: Regar Durga Lal , Dadhich Pragya , Jaiswal Poonam
Published: November 2023

Industrialization has made our day-to-day life easier and is also a key determinant of the economic growth of any nation. But on the dark side, industries are also known to cause almost all types of pollution including soil, air, and water pollution. Untreated industrial effluents when discharged in agricultural fields affect overall crop production. OME is believed to induce a phytotoxic effect on seed germination and overall plant growth. This paper aims to test the toxicity of soybean and mustard oil mill effluents and their impact on the Vitality Index, Seed Vigour Index, and Tolerance Index of seeds of Brassica compestris L. The study was conducted during July 2020 - June 2022. Two sets of experiments were settled, one for mustard OME and another for soybean OME. Various concentrations of OME were prepared; 0% oil mill effluent (tap water),10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% OME (not diluted). Treatment with tap water was treated as a control. A germination test with 10 seeds mounted on moist filter paper was conducted in an incubator at a temperature of 23°C. Seed vitality index, Seed vigour index, Tolerance index, and Phyto-toxicity were calculated with standard methods. Vitality index (VI) decreases to almost 1/5 with increasing OME concentration as compared to control (without OME) with both the OME. Up to 10% OME concentration in both cases there is almost no negative impact, but after that soybean OME concentration shows more negative effect on the seed vigour index. The tolerance index (TI) was reduced to almost 50% with increasing OME concentration from 0% (water) to 100% in both treatments. Toxicity is more pronounced with soybean OME during the early germination period but later it shows that toxicity increases with increasing OME concentration with both the OME. It can be concluded that higher concentrations of vegetable oil mill effluent negatively affect seed vitality, vigour and this may be due to reduced tolerance and increased toxicity with higher concentrations of OME. All these parameters under study have a significantly high correlation with the concentration of OME.
National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guideline Recommendations of Cancer Drugs With Accelerated Approval
Authors: Cliff Edward R. Scheffer , Rome Rachel S. , Kesselheim Aaron S. , Rome Benjamin N.
Published: November 2023

Importance

Many cancer drugs are approved under the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) accelerated approval pathway based on preliminary evidence. It is unclear how this limited evidence is integrated into the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines, which are common references for clinicians and are used by public and private payers to determine reimbursement for oncology treatments.

Objective

To analyze the NCCN guidelines’ assessments for cancer drug indications that received FDA accelerated approval compared with cancer drug indications that received FDA regular approval.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study analyzes FDA-approved indications for cancer drugs that were granted accelerated approval from program inception in 1992 to June 30, 2022. For each drug, the FDA-approved labeling was reviewed to identify all indications. All analyses were performed at the drug-indication level.

Exposure

The exposure was FDA regulatory status as of October 2022, including regular approval, accelerated approval, accelerated approval converted to regular approval, and withdrawn accelerated approval.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The level of evidence and consensus (category 1, 2A, 2B, and 3) and treatment preference (preferred, alternative preferred, other recommended, and useful in certain circumstances) ratings assigned by NCCN committees as of February 2023.

Results

A total of 315 oncology indications for 100 drugs were analyzed. These indications included 156 (50%) with regular approval, 60 (38%) with accelerated approval, 78 (49%) with accelerated approval that was converted to regular approval, and 21 (13%) with withdrawn accelerated approvals. Among all indications, 105 (33%) were rated by the NCCN as having category 1 evidence, 185 (59%) with category 2A, 6 (2%) with category 2B, and 2 (1%) with category 3 evidence. Compared with indications with regular approval, those with accelerated approval were less frequently assigned category 1 evidence (47% vs 3%; P < .001) and were less often listed as preferred treatment options (58% vs 40%; P = .008). Among the 21 withdrawn accelerated approval indications, 8 (38%) remained in the NCCN guidelines, with most having level 2A evidence ratings.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study found that cancer drug indications with accelerated approval were less likely to be assigned high-level evidence ratings and preferred status in the NCCN guidelines compared with indications with regular approval; most accelerated and regular approval drugs had low-quality evidence ratings but high levels of consensus among oncologists on NCCN committees. Greater clarity on the thresholds and definitions of evidence levels would make the NCCN guidelines more useful to clinicians, patients, and payers.
Comparison of baseline drifts using three reflector blocks versus using a single reflector block for the calibration of wall‐mounted Respiratory Gating for Scanner (RGSC) camera integrated with a CT
Authors: Liu Bei , Shi Chengyu , Prakash Maneesha , Gonzalez Bryan , Kassardjian Ari , Kim Ji , Mandelin Paul , Williams Terence , Liu An
Published: November 2023

Background

The calibration of the Respiratory Gating for SCanner (RGSC) system is critical to achieve better and more stable accuracy. The current procedure for a wall‐mounted RGSC system has a relatively large residual error.

Purpose

To compare the baseline drifts in the image acquisition of DIBH using three reflector blocks versus using a single reflector block in the calibration of a wall‐mounted RGSC camera system.

Materials and methods

Varian provides a calibration plate with three rows of calibration points: each row is separated by 15 cm longitudinally and by 10 cm laterally. In Varian's single‐block calibration method, the reflector block was first placed on the center point of the calibration plate and aligned with the scanner isocenter. The calibration took a picture of the block, then placed the block on the other eight points sequentially. In the proposed three‐block method, we placed three reflector blocks on the center row, with the center block aligned with the isocenter, and we took a picture of the center block by manually blocking the other two blocks in calibration. By moving the couch longitudinally in or out 15 cm, the calibration goes through all nine points. Monte Carlo simulation was done using Matlab to analyze the calibration matrix eigenvalue characteristics.

Results

For a typical scan length of 40 cm of DIBH, the residual baseline drift in simulated DIBH is 0.02 ± 0.03  versus 0.30 ± 0.12 cm for three‐block calibration and single‐block calibration, respectively. To achieve 0.5 mm tolerance for the eigenvalue, the laser and reflector box should be within ±3 mm uncertainties based on the eigenvalue simulation.

Conclusion

Three‐block calibration method effectively removes baseline drift caused by couch movement in DIBH/4D CT scan for the wall‐mounted camera while the single‐block calibration method still has significant residual baseline drift.
An Overview of the Electrospinning of Polymeric Nanofibers for Biomedical Applications Related to Drug Delivery
Authors: CeCe Rabia , Jining Lin , Islam Monsur , Korvink Jan G. , Sharma Bharat
Published: November 2023

Electrospinning is a prominent technique for micro/nanofiber production and has received significant attention in the 21st century. It enables the production of ultrafine fibers using a variety of polymers, including synthetic, natural, and hybrid materials. Electrospun nanofibers (NFs) possess unique properties such as a high surface‐to‐volume ratio, tunable pore structures, and customizable composition, making them highly desirable in various fields such as biomedical science, textiles, sensors, filters, energy, and packaging. Herein, particular attention will be given to the application of NFs in biomedical fields. The use of NFs for the delivery of drugs, growth factors, proteins, nanoparticles, etc., holds significant promise in the field of biomedical science. To combine these compounds with NFs, various electrospinning techniques have been developed with outstanding improvements, and based on the requirements of the application type, different electrospinning processes are favored. In this review, the most common drug loading methods into NFs, generally used synthetic/natural polymers for NF production, and their application in drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, and wound dressing will be mentioned. Finally, challenges and future perspectives for above mentioned biomedical applications are discussed.
Study on Hot Deformation Behavior and Dynamic Recrystallization Mechanism of Cu‐Ti‐Fe Alloy
Authors: Wang Qingjuan , Ren Xinlong , Wang Lei , Yan Tianrong , Wang Kuaishe , Xu Bofan
Published: November 2023

Hot compression experiments with the deformation temperatures of 750–950 °C and the strain rates of 0.01–10 s−1 are carried out on a Gleeble‐3500 thermal‐mechanical simulator. The flow behavior and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) mechanism of the Cu‐Ti‐Fe alloy are systematically studied under different hot deformation conditions. According to the curves of flow stress and work hardening rate, the DRX critical condition of the alloy is obtained, and the critical stress value of DRX is small under high‐temperature and low‐strain rate. After fitting, the logarithmic values of the critical stress and critical strain have a linear relationship with lnZ, which indicates that the alloy is more prone to DRX at high temperatures and low‐strain rates. The Arrhenius constitutive model of the alloy is established, the linear correlation coefficient (R2) is 0.984. Combined with the microstructure of Cu‐Ti‐Fe alloy, the microstructure evolution characteristics and DRX mechanism are elucidated. The dominant mechanism of the alloy under the deformation temperature of 750–950 °C is the DRX mechanism. The low‐angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) transform into high‐angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) and continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) grains form. Abundant dislocations gather near the HAGBs, causing grain boundaries to protrude. High‐temperature conditions make the dislocations disappear, forming discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) grains.
Insights Into Curie‐Temperature and Phase Formation of Ferroelectric Hf1−xZrxO2with Oxygen Defects from a Leveled Energy Landscape
Authors: Azevedo Antunes Luis , Ganser Richard , Schroeder Uwe , Mikolajick Thomas , Kersch Alfred
Published: November 2023

The phase composition of HZO thin films is critical for the ferroelectric and electrical properties of the films and the devices they are integrated into. Optimization is a major challenge since the phase formation depends significantly on many influencing variables that are only partially understood so far. The Curie temperature is identified as an important parameter for understanding the behavior, since it depends sensitively on Zr content, the density of oxygen‐related defects, layer thickness, and external stress. A two‐step process, phase formation by pure kinetic transformation followed by nucleation, is proposed for phase formation. This is necessary because nucleation theory alone cannot explain the experimentally observed dependence on oxygen content. The classical nucleation model is modified at two crucial points. First, the polycrystalline structure is incorporated which allows the size effect to be implemented. Furthermore, the interface energies between the child and parent phase, which result from static ab initio calculations, are rescaled from dynamical effects. The resulting model is used to calculate the phase fractions during thermal processing. The results for the most important influencing variables are discussed and compared with experimental results. The causes of the undesired monoclinic phase are further analyzed.
Ring‐Opening Coupling Reaction of Cyclopropanols with Electrophilic Alkenes Enabled by Decatungstate as Photoredox Catalyst
Authors: Krech Anastasiya , Yakimchyk Viktoryia , Jarg Tatsiana , Kananovich Dzmitry , Ošeka Maksim
Published: November 2023

We introduce a methodology for the photocatalytic generation of β‐ketoalkyl radicals from tertiary cyclopropanols, utilizing tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT) as a photoredox catalyst. The application is demonstrated by the synthesis of distantly functionalized ketones via the redox‐neutral addition of the cyclopropanol‐derived β‐ketoalkyl radicals to the double bond of electrophilic olefins. The transformation occurs under ambient temperature conditions and is suitable for coupling a wide range of cyclopropanol and alkene substrates. This was demonstrated by the preparation of 33 ketone products with 35–92% yield. The method's preparative robustness has been validated through upscaled preparations conducted under continuous flow conditions. Mechanistic investigations support the role of TBADT as a photoredox catalyst, which facilitates the single electron oxidation of cyclopropanols, followed by the electron transfer from the reduced form of decatungstate to the electrophilic double bond of alkene. Moreover, we found that electron‐rich aromatic cyclopropanols and electron‐deficient olefins form photoactive electron donor‐acceptor (EDA) complexes. This property allows the reaction to proceed under UV light irradiation via the photoinduced charge transfer in the absence of the photocatalyst.
Visible Light Mediated Cyclization of Ynones for the Synthesis of 3‐Alkyl N‐Fused Indoles via Csp3−H Bond Functionalization
Authors: Xu Peidong , Han Weiwei , Zhou Yufeng , Xiong Heng‐Ying , Ni Shao‐Fei , Zhang Guangwu
Published: November 2023

A visible‐light induced approach has enabled the synthesis of 3‐alkyl indole from ynones via Csp3−H bond functionalization. This protocol proceeded under base‐free conditions andat room temperature, providing a series of 3‐alkyl indole motifs in 39% to 90% yields (44 examples). Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that a radical process should be involved in this transformation.
Implanted, Wireless, Self‐Powered Photodynamic Therapeutic Tablet Synergizes with Ferroptosis Inducer for Effective Cancer Treatment
Authors: Zou Pingjin , Lin Rui , Fang Zengyi , Chen Junyang , Guan Hongye , Yin Jie , Chang Zhiheng , Xing Lili , Lang Jinyi , Xue Xinyu , Chen Meihua
Published: November 2023

The effective and targeted treatment of resistant cancer cells presents a significant challenge. Targeting cell ferroptosis has shown remarkable efficacy against apoptosis‐resistant tumors due to their elevated iron metabolism and oxidative stress levels. However, various obstacles have limited its effectiveness. To overcome these challenges and enhance ferroptosis in cancer cells, we have developed a self‐powered photodynamic therapeutic tablet that integrates a ferroptosis inducer (FIN), imidazole ketone erastin (IKE). FINs augment the sensitivity of photodynamic therapy (PDT) by increasing oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, they utilize the Fenton reaction to supplement oxygen, generating a greater amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during PDT. Additionally, PDT facilitates the release of iron ions from the labile iron pool (LIP), accelerating lipid peroxidation and inducing ferroptosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated a more than 85% tumor inhibition rate. This synergistic treatment approach not only addresses the limitations of inadequate penetration and tumor hypoxia associated with PDT but also reduces the required medication dosage. Its high efficiency and specificity towards targeted cells minimize adverse effects, presenting a novel approach to combat clinical resistance in cancer treatment.
Aging‐Resistant Precursor with Ultrawide Annealing Window for 24.08% Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Huang Zhangfeng , Ma Zhu , Deng Chen , Yu Tangjie , Li Guoming , Du Zhuowei , You Wei , Yang Junbo , Chen Yi , Li Yanlin , Hou Shanyue , Yang Qiang , Zhang Qian , Du Hao , Li Yixian , Shu Hui , Liu Qianyu , Peng Changtao , Huang Yuelong , Yu Jian , Lin Yuanhua , Sun Kuan , Long Wei
Published: November 2023

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted extensive attention in the photovoltaic field, with their highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) reaching 26%. However, the commercialization of PSCs is severely hindered by the instability of precursor solutions and the narrow annealing window for perovskite films. Here, 2,3,5‐trichlorobenzaldehyde (3Cl‐BZH) is introduced into the organic salt precursor solution to eliminate excess organic amines through Schiff‐base reactions, avoiding subsequent irreversible amine‐cation reaction of formamidine‐methylammonium (FA‐MA+) and improve the stability of the precursor solution. Meanwhile, the chemical interaction between C═O group of 3Cl‐BZH and formamidinium (FA+) in the perovskite precursor contributes to the slow release of organic ions, which reduces the reaction rate between organic salt and PbI2, retarding the crystallization of perovskite film. The PSCs with a conventional annealing process achieve a champion efficiency of 24.08%, which derives from the defect passivation effect of 3Cl‐BZH. The PSCs with an ultrawide annealing window of 240 h for wet perovskite film in the air still maintain an efficiency of 22.01%. The aging‐resistant precursor and ultrawide annealing window are beneficial for reproducible, efficient, and low‐cost PSCs, which brings great prospects for the commercialization of PSCs.
Evaluation of separation of seed mussels from macroalgae using chlorination
Authors: Skelton Bradley M. , Jeffs Andrew G.
Published: November 2023

Growing seed mussels (spat) to larger sizes in single‐seed nursery culture systems prior to seeding onto coastal mussel farms is an effective approach for greatly reducing costly spat losses during this stage of mussel aquaculture. However, the production of single‐seed mussel spat in nursery culture systems relies on first separating spat from the settlement substrata to which they are attached, whether spat are settled in a hatchery or gathered from the wild. This study sought to determine whether chlorination could be an effective approach for separating wild Greenshell mussel (Perna canaliculus) spat from beachcast macroalgal material (Kaitaia spat material) harvested from a beach in northern New Zealand. The results demonstrate that chlorination (i.e. in solutions of up to 0.625% sodium hypochlorite) is a highly effective approach for separating spat, resulting in the detachment of up to 94.6% in one treatment without increasing mortality relative to controls. The effectiveness of chlorination was modulated by spat density, with increasing spat densities, lowering rates of detachment. While chlorination is effective at separating small spat (i.e. successfully separating 72.4% of spat <750 μm in shell length) overall spat densities, further investigation is required to determine how to effectively separate larger spat (i.e. with chlorination only successfully separating 21.5% of spat >750 μm). The high survival (relative to the control treatments) also suggests that chlorine concentrations and exposure durations could be increased from those used in this study. These results demonstrate that chlorination can be used to separate spat from substrate prior to their transfer to nursery systems for ongrowing, paving the way for such approaches for reducing spat losses to be integrated into the aquaculture production cycle.
Ecopsychosocial accompaniment: Cocreating with humility
Authors: Watkins Mary
Published: November 2023

When Seymour Sarason, the founder of American community psychology, looked back on his life and work, he singled out the importance of personal humility and of developing collaborative learning relationships. He worried that humility was too lacking in psychology. To cultivate humility, we need to engage in an ongoing practice of critical self‐ and group‐examination that enables us to understand more fully the effects of our positionalities, historical, and cultural contexts. Alongside this we need to try to understand the ecopsychosocial and historical contexts of those we have been invited to accompany. For those who are European descended, this requires a deepening realization of how we, as W. E. B. Du Bois would say, have been and are a “problem.” Unawares, we have saturated psychology with our own cultural perspectives and ways of being. “White” people require their own pedagogy to become more conscious of their standpoints and to redress the harms created by their group. Our task is not to evangelize psychological theories and practices born from within our own particular cultural perspective, but to learn from the cultural workers and community members in the group we are working with. We must ask of ourselves questions that enable us to understand the broader historical, social, and ecological context of the issues that are presenting. To indicate this, I preface the term “accompaniment” with the adjective “ecopsychosocial.” Ecopsychosocial accompaniment requires humility. It is humility that opens the door to being able to imagine and desire together, to cocreate, and cosustain the kinds of decolonial spaces, places, and ways of working and living with one another that are so desperately needed.
Validity and reliability of Meu Educativo®: A new tool to assess fundamental movement skills in school‐aged children
Authors: Garbeloto Fernando , Pereira Sara , Tani Go , Chaput Jean‐Philippe , Stodden David F. , Garganta Rui , Hedeker Donald , Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Maia José
Published: November 2023

Objectives

There is evidence showing that children's proficiency in fundamental movement skills (FMS) is positively related to weight status, physical activity, fitness levels, cognitive development, as well as academic performance. Yet, the feasibility of FMS assessment is challenging, especially with relatively large samples of children. This article presents a new tool named Meu Educativo® to assess children's FMS levels, including its validity and reliability.

Methods

We relied on the validity evidence approach based on test content to develop the FMS assessment checklist and the rating system with a team of experts. In this article, we used five FMS (stationary dribbling, kick, overhand throw, catch the ball, and underhand roll). Further, we conducted a series of reliability studies and used percent agreement and Cohen's kappa (κ) as statistics.

Results

Experts agreed highly on the checklist's components in the five FMS. Inter‐rater reliability ranged from 0.63 for stationary dribbling to 0.93 for overhand throw, and the intra‐rater reliability ranged from 0.46 to 0.94.

Conclusion

Based on the first results, Meu Educativo® was not only easy to use, but was also a reliable tool for FMS assessments. Notwithstanding the need for future studies, Meu Educativo® is a new tool that can be used by teachers, coaches, and motor development specialists dealing with school‐aged children and researchers working with large samples.