bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of “ Turiman Jale 2-7” system production in acid dry agroecosystem in Lampung Region
Authors: Slameto  , Meidaliyantisyah  , Wibawa W
Published: July 2021

Acid dry land is characterized as suboptimal land with low productivity. The “Turiman Jale 2-7” corn-soybean intercropping technology innovation has the potential to provide additional yields on acid dry land. The purpose of this study was to examine the yields of corn and soybeans grown using the “Turiman Jale 2-7” system on acid dry land. The assessment was carried out at the Tegineneng Experimental Garden, Mandah Village, Natar District, South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province. Methods with demonstration plots in the field of 0.75 ha, with 2 treatments using corn and soybean varieties. The research period was January to June 2020. The soybean varieties planted were Dega, Dena, Detam, Detap, Devon, and local Tanggamus. Corn varieties planted were Balitbangtan JH-37 and existing hybrid corn (Bisi-18, DK-771, NK-22. P-27). The corn-soybean intercropping system used a pattern of alternating 2 rows of corn and 7 rows of soybeans. Corn crop rows used a zigzag cropping pattern. The data observed were components of plant vegetative and generative growth. Data analysis using factorial analysis of variance. The results showed the “Turiman Jale 2-7” system produced an average corn productivity of 14,110 kg/ha and an average soybean productivity of 2,370 kg/ha. The “Turiman Jale 2-7” system is able to optimize the productivity of acid dry land which relies on rainwater. The innovation “Turiman Jale 2-7” contributed to increasing the Cropping Index (CI) from CI = 100 to CI = 150-200.
Analysis of soil characteristics and classification from order to family category in Makale District
Authors: Wulandari A , Lopulisa C , Ahmad A
Published: July 2021

Makale, with hilly and mountainous areas in Tana Toraja Regency, provides high agricultural productivity so that soil as a medium for growing plants is one aspect that needs attention. Minerals influence the soil’s physical and chemical properties because they are the main constituent of the soil, so that the characteristics and types of soil will vary. This study aimed to determine the type of soil based on toposequences and catena sequences from order to family category in Makale district, Tana Toraja regency, according to soil taxonomy in 2014. The method used was toposequences and catena sequences in one transect. Soil physical and chemical analysis including; soil color, texture, bulk density, C-organic, CEC, K, Na, Ca, and Mg. Analysis of soil minerals using the Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) method. The results showed that the soil types found in the Makale district were Lithic Udorthents, Typic Udorthents, Typic Haplohumults, Oxic Dystrudepts, Typic Eutrudepts, and Dystric Eutrudepts. The dominant clay minerals are montmorillonite in profiles 1 and 2, kaolinite in profiles 3 and 5, chlorite and quartz in profiles 4 and 6.
Study of ABMix nutrition concentration and water concentration in hydroponics with Deep Film Technique (DFT) system in Central Sulawesi
Authors: Suwitra I K , Amalia A F , Firdaus J , Dalapati A , Fadhilah N
Published: July 2021

Hydroponic cultivation is an alternative to utilize narrow land or land that is not suitable for agriculture. An important role in hydroponic cultivation is nutrition, where nutrients are dissolved in water before being flowed into the hydroponic device. The provision of different types of nutrient solutions and different water concentrations greatly affects hydroponic plants’ productivity. This research was conducted from September to November 2019 at the Sidondo Agricultural Technology Research and Study Installation (IP2TP). This study aimed to determine the concentration of raw water and AB Mix solution concentration, which is good for plant growth in hydroponics. The study used a factorial randomized block design (FRBD) consisting of two factors and three replications. The treatments were combination factor of AB mix concentration as total dissolved solids in ppm and kind of AB Mix product. The AB Mix concentration consists of 20 ppm and 200 ppm. Then AB Mix product consist of Agromax and HidroJ. The result showed that concentration 20 ppm of Agromax nutrient solution give the best result for all parameter (plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area, root length, and weight of root, leaf and stem)
Effect of shade covers and foliar fertilizer on the growth of pepper seeds
Authors: Azri  , Hatta M
Published: July 2021

The main problems with pepper plants in West Kalimantan are the availability of superior seeds for pepper, low productivity, and disease attacks. In contrast, the application of pepper cultivation techniques is still simple, the application of fertilizers is not under the recommended dosage, and the attack of pests and diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of cover types and foliar fertilizers on pepper seeds in nurseries. The treatment to be examined is the type of cover and foliar fertilizer. The types of hoods are: white plastic cover (S1), black paranet cover (S2); cover from coconut midrib (S3) and the foliar fertilizers used are without foliar fertilizer (D0) and foliar fertilizer (D1), the number of repetitions is 4 times, with the treatment combination consisted of S1D0, S1D1, S2D0, S2D1, S3D0, and S3D1 the number of plants per plot of 16 plants so that the total number of plants was 384 plants. The results show the combination of treatment between providing coconut leaf midrib cover with fertilization through leaves gives the best results on the growth percentage of live pepper seeds, plant height, leaves number, branches number, and segment number that grow on pepper seeds in a nursery. Therefore, it is recommended that in the seedbed for pepper, it is to use a cover from coconut leaf midrib and fertilized through the leaves.
Off-Season cultivation of several shallot varieties in dry land, Lampung
Authors: Wardani N , Mulyanti N , Mustikawati D R , Lasmono A , Sinaga R , Ulfa F
Published: July 2021

Lampung is one of the centers for shallot development in Indonesia. The application of location-specific off-season shallot cultivation technology and the use of superior varieties is expected to be able to guarantee its availability throughout the year and overcome price fluctuations. For this reason, it is necessary to study the cultivation of off-season shallots with varieties in accordance with market demand. This activity was carried out in Tanggamus Regency, from January to December 2018. The experimental design was the Split Plot, where the main plot was the use of mulch and without mulch and as sub-plots were three shallot varieties, namely: 1. Bima Brebes; 2. Trisula; and 3. Bali Karet varieties. Each treatment was repeated four times. The data obtained were analyzed using variance with DMRT at the 5% level. The results of the study show that off-season shallot cultivation is promising to be cultivated by farmers with an average of 14.59 tonnes/ha using Bima Brebes, Trisula, and Bali Karet varieties. Bali Karet variety has good prospects to be developed and planted off-season because they are more resistant to pests and diseases and have the highest production (20.87 tonnes/ha) compared to Bima Brebes and Trisula varieties.
A varied presentation of brown rice as a substitute for white rice
Authors: Wijaya Hengki , Rauf Rusdiaman , Abdullah N , Dirpan A
Published: July 2021

White rice is in great demand by Indonesians. However, in terms of nutrition and health impacts, brown rice is superior. The texture of brown rice is complex, and the taste is bland, so it is necessary to vary the presentation of brown rice and side dishes. In addition to the cooking method, brown rice is essential to maintain the nutritional value and give brown rice a softer texture. Organoleptic test method to see the texture and taste of brown rice. Literature review to find relevant research results with cooking methods and nutritional value.
The integration model of sweet potato-pigs in the Papua highlands
Authors: Soplanit A , Tirajoh S , Tiro Batseba MW , Dominanto G P , Rumbarar M K
Published: July 2021

Sweet potato-pigs integration system (hipere-wam) is a model that farmer can apply to maintain production in highland area. The aim of this study is to produce a specific location model of sweet potato-pigs integration technology in the sweet potato center area. The results of the study show that sweet potato production during the four months of the assessment with the wet tuber weight for Musan cultivar was 0.90 kg/plant or 21.67 t/ha and Cangkuang cultivar was 1.06 kg/plant or 25.47 t/ha, respectively. Biomass production was 0.84 kg/plant or 20.24 t/ha for Musan cultivar and 0.76 kg/plant or 18.31 t/ha for Cangkuang cultivar, respectively. The increase in the body weight of introduced pigs was 157 g/head/day, compared to the farmer’s which was of 50 g/head/day. Based on the calculation of the level of consumption of pigs during the assessment, it shows that the average feed requirement from sweet potato was 1.5 kg/head/day or 180 kg/head/4 months or 2.880 kg/16 heads/4 months. The calculation of organic fertilizer from wet livestock manure for four months of maintenance was 480 kg or 30.0 kg/head or 0.30 kg/head/day. If it is assumed that 0.065-0.066 hectare land contains 1.733-1.760 plants, the contribution of organic fertilizer from pig manure to sweet potato plants is 130 - 140 g/plant/4 months.
Effect of sucrosin bio stimulant on early growth of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) var. CM 2012
Authors: Kumalawati Z , Kafrawi  , Mulyani S , Nur I , Bestari D , Budiarti R , Amin A R
Published: July 2021

A study was carried out to study the effect of sucrosin bio stimulant application on the early growth of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) var. CM 2012 at the PT Perkebunan Nusantara XIV Arasoe Sugar Factory, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi from June to September 2019. The sucrosin was applied by immersing three segments of sugarcane cuttings (three eyes) for 30 minutes, then planted in a separate block from control treatment, with an area of 3 ha, respectively. Plant sampling was carried out diagonally on 10 rows of plants with a line length of 10 m per row. Data analysis was carried out using t test at α=0.05 level, correlation, and regression analysis to compare the growth parameters of sugarcane shoots, and to determine the relationship between shoot growth and the sucrosin treatments. The results show that the application of sucrosin to sugarcane cuttings significantly increased the early growth of sugarcane indicated by increase in shoot height, shoot and tillers number, and the number of leaf chlorophyll. The variable value of sucrosin treatment was highly correlated with the control indicated by the highest correlation value in the leaf chlorophyll number (0.996) and the lowest in the shoot height increase (0.991). The increase of the sucrosin treatment value in the regression equation is greater than the control, means, for each addition of one control value, the value of sucrosin treatment increased by 4.39, 10.70, 8.11 and 1.99 in the parameters of shoot height, number of primary shoots, number of tillers, and leaf chlorophyll number of sugarcane, respectively.
Product as potential of supporting agricultural by large ruminant feed in Bireun Regency
Authors: Yusriani Y , Anggraeny Y N , Usrina N , Zurriyati Y , Salfina  , Rohaeni E S
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the capacity of agricultural crop waste for large ruminants Feed-in Bireun District. This research uses primary and secondary data sources. The observed variables consisted of beef cattle and buffalo population, production of feed crop waste, the requirement for digested dry matter (DDM), and the capacity of the DDM from food crop waste as large ruminant feed. The data is presented descriptively in the form of data processing results from secondary data with previous studies’ results. The beef cattle population in Bireun Regency is 38,151.44 livestock units (LU) and buffalo 1. 552 LU. The requirement of forage is 45,261.92 tons of DDM per year. DDM production per year from agricultural crop waste from rice, corn, and soybeans is 63,315.28 tons of DDM per year. The highest production of DDM is derived from rice crop waste amounting to 36,653.68 tons per year, while DDM originated from corn crop waste 3,637.5 tons per year and soybeans 23,024.1 tons per year. The potential of forage feed from food crop waste is 54,901.73 tons of DDM per year and can still be used for 48,159.41 LU. It was concluded that Bireun Regency could increase the population of ruminant animals by increasing the benefits of forage originating from food crop waste.
Improvement of the chili technology package for multiple production of red chili in Karo District
Authors: Tobing S , Sipahutar T , Simatupang S , Girsang M A , Nurfaida
Published: July 2021

The latest IAARD’s innovation for stepping up in the productivity of red chilies is called the Double Fold Production (Proliga). Before this program started to be transferred, it was necessary to determine the existing features of the red chili cultivation technology at the study site of the Proliga program. The purpose of this study was to analyze the existing cultivation technology performance, productivity, constraints and to analyze red chili farming, and to formulate a strategy to improve the cultivation technology innovation package. The research was carried out through a structured survey of red chili farmers in Bukit Village, Karo Regency from August 2017 to February 2018. The results of the study found that the productivity of red chili in Karo District was stagnant for a decade, namely 8.28 t/ha. Area per house-hold was 0.060.15 ha. The average B/C value =-0.13. This study concludes that the main strategy to achieve a jump in productivity (from 8.25 t/ha to > 16.5 t/ha) through the application of Proliga technology innovation in Karo District was the use of healthy seeds, site-specific fertilization and Bemisia border installation since the beginning of planting.
Gilgai microtopography of soil from carbonate rocks
Authors: Ahmad A , Lopulisa C , Juita N , Suryani I
Published: July 2021

Gilgai microtopography is a characteristic topography of soils that develops from carbonate rocks influenced by smectite clay minerals. The process of forming a gilgai can inhibit the development of plant growth and soil stability. Soil genesis is an interesting topic to study, especially concerning how moving clay forms a gilgai microtopography. The objective was to study forming a gilgai microtopography formed from the parent material of carbonate rock in Mangarabombang District, Takalar Regency. The methods used are survey methods, analysis of soil physical characteristics and soil chemistry, and soil mineral. The results showed an increase in clayeyness at the top horizon in line with decreasing permeability on the top horizon and inversely proportional to soil porosity. The cation exchange capacity is higher at the top horizon, which indicates an increase in clay content. The mineral content of clay is nontronite as a member of the smectite group. Nontronite mineral formation subsidized by calcium and magnesium cations from carbonate rocks. This mineral absorbed more water and caused the saturation conditions triggering lateral pressure and forming a gilgai micro-topography.
The growth performance of dwarf banana Cavendish from SE Sulawesi under natural shading
Authors: Muhidin  , Nurmas A , Sadimantara GR , Leomo S , Yusuf D N
Published: July 2021

In Indonesia, bananas are an important crop, and demand tends to increase. On the other hand, due to limited land availability, production capacity is limited. The growth of banana as an interplanting plant under the estate forestry plant was the promising solution. The study aimed to identify the tolerant banana cultivar under natural shading. The research was carried out in a field experiment Faculty of Agriculture, University of Halu Oleo. The study used a randomized block design (RBD) with shade treatment consisting of two levels, namely no shade treatment and using natural shade treatment. Plant height, number of leaves, length of leaves and width of leaves were the parameters observed in vegetative growth. It is concluded that shading treatment has no significant effect on the vegetative growth but tend to increase the plant height, leaf length, number of leaves and leaves width of banana cavendish.
Morphological characteristics and classification of inceptisol in Mamuju regency, West Sulawesi
Authors: Suryani I , Nontji M , Juita N
Published: July 2021

Soil morphology provide overview the evolution in the soil body through description and interpretation of soil profile properties as initial information in classifying soil. The research purpose is to determine the morphological characteristics and soil classification of Inceptisols in four study profiles: Kalonding, Batu Papan, Pepalang and Batu Ampat, in Mamuju regency, West Sulawesi. The research method used is descriptive qualitative exploration by survey in the field and soil analysis in the laboratory. The results showed that the dominant texture was clay in all soil profiles with a low silt/clay ratio. This was related to the high intensity of weathering due to high rainfall and easily weathered host rock and relatively high content of resistant minerals. Other chemical properties such as pH, N-total, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, exchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, K, Na) and P-available are generally low with a relatively constant distribution pattern with increasing depth. Soils are classified into the order of inceptisols in all soil profiles because they have a cambic sub-horizon resulting from physical alteration, chemical transformation or a combination of these processes. The hicks humidity regime so that the sub-order category is named udepts. The temperature regime includes Isohipthermic so that it is categorized into the Great Group Dystrudepts and the Typic Dystrudepts sub-group for the Study Profile of Batu Papan, Pepalang and Batu Ampat, while for the Profile of the Kalonding study is Lithic Dystrudepts.
Response of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) to the application of Bio-slurry fertilizer and Trichoderma harzianum
Authors: Ulfa F , Mustari K , Rifai S N A , Syam’un E , Dungga N E , Widiayani N
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the best combination of bio-slurry and Trichoderma harzianum on melon production. The research was conducted in Lassang Village, North Polombangkeng District, Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi from June to August 2020. The experiment was set using a randomized block design with the application of bio-slurry fertilizer as the first factor consisted of control, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mL/L bio-slurry. The second factor was Trichoderma harzianum dose consisted of 0,100, 200, and 300 g/L. The results show that the application of 75 mL/L bio-slurry and 200 g/L Trichoderma harzianum resulted in thickest fruit meat (26.47 mm). Melon treated with Bio-slurry of 100 mL/L and 200 g/L Trichoderma harzianum produced the highest number of seeds (285.2 seeds) and higher concentration of the microbes of 300 g/L resulted in the highest Brix content (6.0% Brix) and the highest organoleptic test (2.90). The singe effect of Bio-slurry treatment of 100 mL/L also produced the earliest flowering age (14.40 days), the highest number of fruits (4.10 pieces), the heaviest fruit weight (205.20 g), and the highest average of fruit diameter (24.22 mm).
Development of System of Rice Intensification and Legowo planting systems on ‘Rendengan’ planting season using various rice varieties in different equatorial rainfall types in South Sulawesi
Authors: Yassi A , Mustari K , Dariati T
Published: July 2021

This study is expected to address the water shortage in irrigated land with the use of adaptive varieties. The purpose of the study is to obtain a model of water management with System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method of planting systems combined with Legowo and the use of appropriate rice varieties for the equatorial rain-type region. The experiment was conducted in Sidrap Regency on sand textured soil, in the form of experimental research using Split Plot Design. The treatment of the water management of the wet-dry method, water saturated condition and intermittent as the main plot and varieties consist of Mekongga, Inpari-4 and Inpari-30 as a subplot. The results show that water management with the wet-dry method gives a better effect on plant height at 30 days after planting (DAP) (44.74 cm), 60 DAP (84.74 cm), the time of harvest (101.62 cm), panicle length (27.87 cm) and plots (per hectare) which was 223.75 kg (6.78 t), while the number of tillers 30 DAP (20.80 tillers), productive tillers (21.20 tillers) obtained in the discontinuous method. Development of varieties in paddy fields textured sand should use Inpari-4 in combination with water management in wet-dry method.
Growth and production of Toraja Arabica coffee on different types of planting management
Authors: Padjung R , Ala A , Allo A M T , Musa Y , Bahrun A H , Rafiuddin
Published: July 2021

This study aims to investigate the growth and productivity of Arabica coffee plants due to different plant maintenance. The research was conducted from November to December 2019 in Lembang Kayuosing, Rembon District, Tana Toraja Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The study used survey and observation methods with questionnaire/interview techniques. Data was analysed based on multiple linear regression using SPSS software. The analysis was used to determine the effect of plant maintenance and different types of shading trees. The maintenance techniques that significantly affect the productivity of Arabica coffee plants in Lembang Kayuosing, Rembon District, Tana Toraja Regency were fertilization methods, fertilization time, shape pruning, and pests and plant diseases control. As for the best type of shade tree that significantly affected coffee plant height and stem diameter was Sengon (Albizia chinensis) plant. The productivity of Arabica coffee plants in Lembang Kayuosing, Rembon District, Tana Toraja Regency was 0.47 kg/tree.
Application of Trichoderma on single bud Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L) seedlings originated from different stems
Authors: Musa Yunus , Bahrun Abdul Haris , Kardina
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the growth of sugarcane seeds using Trichoderma application and different parts of the stems using the single bud method. The research was conducted at the Experimental Garden at the Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Makassar. The research took place from July to November 2018. This research was conducted in the form of a two-factor factorial experiment which was arranged based on a randomized block design. The first factor is Trichoderma with 3 levels of doses, namely without Trichoderma, 15 g/polybag and 30 g/polybag, while the second factor is the stem which consists of the upper stem, middle stem and lower stem which consists of 9 treatment combinations, respectively. -Each treatment was repeated 3 times (3 polybags/treatment) so that the total poly bag used was 81. The results showed that treatment without Trichoderma gave the best results on plant height, namely 13.91 cm at 2 WAP. While the treatment of the middle stem gave the best results on the number of tillers, namely 10.71.
Propagation of valuable tree of eha (Castanopsis buruana Miq.) using stem cutting
Authors: Arif A , Husna  , Tuheteru F D , Basrudin  , Albasri  , Mansur I , Nasir H , Asniah
Published: July 2021

Eha (Castanopsis buruanaMiq.) is an endemic and valuable species of the Castanopsis genus that can produce wood and the source of food. However, C. buruana has many constraints in its growth and development, such as limited seed production due to the plants are producing seeds very rarely, just one time in every two or three years. Another thing isC. buruanaalso has low seeds germination because of the hard and thick seeds coat. In order to increase the plant population, it is very important to do species propagation with vegetative propagation methods by using stem cuttings. Therefore, this study aimed to get information about vegetative propagation ofC. buruanaand determine the success of vegetative propagationC. buruanausing stem cuttings influenced by the application of rootone-F. The research was designed using a completely randomized design consisting of 5 (five) treatments, namely no rootone-F (control), rootone F 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm, and 400 ppm. Each treatment was repeated 4 (four) times, and each replication consisted of 5 (five) plants so that there was a total of 100 experimental units. The media used was a combination of sand: soil: rice husk charcoal (1: 1: 1 v/v/v). Thus, the variables used to determineC. buruanastem cuttings success were live percentage, sprouting percentage, number of leaves, rooted cuttings, number of roots, length of roots, and rooted days. The data were analyzed using the F test (Analysis of Variance). If the treatments had a significant effect, then it would be followed by the Duncan test with the 95% confidence level. The results showed that the application of rootone F had no significant effect on all tested variables. Nevertheless, the graph trend showed that some variables gave the differences between rootone F treatments and control. At the end of the research, the stem cuttings had not produced roots yet.
Effectivity of Pseudomonas fluorescens TBT214 in increasing soybean seed quality in different seed vigor
Authors: Mudi L , Muhidin  , Rakian T C , Sutariati G A K , Leomo S , Yusuf D N
Published: July 2021

The research aims to assess P. fluorescens TBT214 as biopriming to increase seeds quality. Research conducted in Field Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University. Research arranged in randomized block designs. The first factor is the level of seed vigor consisting of 2 levels: V1= low vigor seeds (60-65% germination rate), and V2= high vigor seeds (86-100% germination rate). The second factor is the seed bio-invigoration technique which consists of 6 levels: B0=without seed bio-invigoration (control), B1=KNO3 1%, B2= KNO3 1% + P. fluorescens TBT214, B3= P. fluorescens TBT214, B4= P. fluorescens TBT214 + red brick powder, B5= P. fluorescens TBT214 + husk charcoal powder. (B5). So that obtained 12 treatment combinations. The variables observed in this study were (1) The total number of pods, (2) The number of filled pods, (3) the weight of 1,000 grains (g), and (4) Grain production (ton ha-1). The results showed that biopriming treatment could improve seed quality in seeds with low vigor levels or seeds with high vigor. Increasing seed quality resulted in the high potential of pod production, the weight of 1,000 grain seed, and yield. It can conclude that the biopriming treatment can improve the quality of seeds, both seeds with low vigor and seeds with high vigor.
Liming of acid soil and the interaction with soil pH and corn productivity
Authors: Chairiyah R R , Ramija K E , Batubara S F
Published: July 2021

Liming is the dominant technology to treat acidic soils, which is indicated by low soil pH. Improvement of soil pH can be made using dolomite application to overcome aluminum (Al) toxicity and release phosphate and potassium nutrients to become available for plants. This study aims to test the effectiveness of dolomite in improving soil pH, corn productivity, and dolomite dose. Field testing was done in Pasar VI Kwala Mencirim Village, Sei Bingai District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra from April to August 2020 using a non-factorial randomized block design with seven treatments and four replications: Dolomite 0 X (D0) 0 ton ha−1, Dolomite 0.5 X (D1) 1 ton ha−1, Dolomite 1.0 X (D2) 2 ton ha−1, Dolomite 1.5 X (D3) 3 ton ha−1, Dolomite 2.0 X (D4) 4 ton ha−1, Dolomite 2.5 X (D5) 5 ton ha−1, and Standard Dolomite (DS) 2 ton ha−1. Dolomite treatment was given one week before planting by sowing evenly on the experimental plot. They showed that dolomite application to D1, D2, D3, and D4 could increase soil pH, resulting in higher plant height and corn production than D0 and DS. The optimum dose of dolomite is 2 ton ha−1 on acid soils. Liming acid soil can increase soil pH from acid to neutral and increase corn production by 1.91 times compared to without dolomite application.
Ice cream products made from processed purple sweet potatoes: a product organoleptic study
Authors: Wijaya Hengki , Slay Agsanto , Abdullah N
Published: July 2021

The use of purple sweet potato in food processing is an effort to diversify food, one of which is ice cream processing. Ice cream is dominated by cornstarch (corn flour). The main ingredient for this ice cream is steamed sweet potato. The research method was an organoleptic test on aroma, taste, texture, and colour. The results showed that the acceptance of 26 panellists stated that the ice cream batata product was acceptable by evaluating the raw material by noting that the purple sweet potato colour remained consistent. The steaming process of purple sweet potato is carried out to maintain the high anthocyanin compounds in purple sweet potatoes.
Characterization of Cocoa Butter Equivalent from Formulated Hard Palm Oil Mid-fraction and Canola Oil Blend
Authors: Mutia R , Zaidel D N A , Muhamad II
Published: July 2021

A search for an alternative to cocoa butter (CB) has increased due to premium price, uncertainty in supply and variability in quality problems. The study to find cocoa butter equivalent (CBE) as an alternative to CB from available and high nutritional oils or fats was carried out using enzymatic interesterification method. The objective of this study was to characterize the CBE obtained from hard palm oil mid-fraction (PMF) and canola oil blend using immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor miehei. The experiment was performed at hard PMF concentration of 50%, lipase load of 7.2% (based on weight of substrate) and reaction time of 2 hours. The characteristics observed were fatty acid profiles, triacylglycerol (TAG) composition, slip melting point (SMP) and solid fat content (SFC). CBE obtained exhibit higher percentage of linoleic acid (omega 6, 7.98%) and linolenic acid (omega 3, 2.47%) than CB (3.40% of linoleic acid) due to the addition of canola oil. TAG composition was 28.65% of palmitic-oleic-palmitic (POP), 19.52% of palmitic-oleic-stearic (POS), and 3.57% of stearic-oleic-stearic (SOS). SMP value of CBE (46.25°C) was higher than CB (32 – 35°C). The SFC value of CBE was different to CB. It was due to high amount of POP TAG, free fatty acid (FFA) or saturated saturated saturated (StStSt) TAGs in CBE produced and also lack amount of TAGs which has oleic acid at sn 2 position.
Characterization of mango (Mangifera indica L.) blungko from Rembang, Central Java
Authors: Cempaka Intan Gilang , Malik Afrizal , Susila Arif , Dirpan Andi
Published: July 2021

The study was conducted in October 2018 in the village of Kebloran, Kragan district, Rembang. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the morphology and conservation methods of Mango Blungko. The research was directly forward evaluating the morphological characters of such mango from Rembang. In this study, the characterization of Mango Blungko was based on the description books of horticultural crops in 2017 published by the Directorate General of Horticulture. The results showed that Mango Blungko had a yellowish red flower, white petal (N 144 D), a red crown (58 B) and a red flower (59 A). It was also determined that Mango Blungko had an oblong of fruit shape, yellowish-red edible fruit (32 B), Sweet soury flavour and a pungent scent.
The effect of liquid organic fertilizer and phosphate solubilising bacteria Bacillus sp on potato growth (Solanum tuberosum) in andisol soil
Authors: Marpaung A E , Hanum H , Sembiring M
Published: July 2021

Andisol is a soil type which has very strong characteristic of binding phosphate nutrients, because bound by allophone clay minerals which can retain P up to 97.8%. Therefore, P in the soil not available for plants, while the total P in the soil is high. The availability of P for plants can be done by giving organic material and phosphate solubilising microbes. The aim of study is to determine the effect of using liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) and phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB) Bacillus sp on potato growth in andisol soil. The design used was a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The treatments are first factor the LOF concentration {0 (control), 40.80 and 120 ml L−1 water} and the second factor the PSB Bacillus sp type {without bacteria (control), Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pseudomycoides and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens}. The results showed that the application of LOF with dose 40-120 ml L−1 water could not increase the potatoes growth compared to control. Application of PSB can increase the height and diameter (1.00 - 6.35%) wet and dry weight (1.57 - 27.28%) of potatoes plants compared to control. The application of 40 ml L−1 water LOF and PSB Bacillus amyloliquefaciens increased the number of potato tillers 41.36% from the control.
Plankton community of the lower course of the Kama River in the late autumn period
Authors: Bykova S V , Umanskaya M V , Tarasova N G , Krasnova E S , Mukhortova O V , Mikhailov R A
Published: July 2021

The features of the plankton community structure and transformation have been investigated in the lower course of the Kama River in the late autumn 2020. The transformation of organic matter and seston composition of the Kama River was affected by the inflow of the largest tributary (the Vyatka River) and by the operating mode of the Nizhnekamsk hydroelectric power station. Three structural groups of plankton have been defined: the Kama River community (upstream the confluence with the Vyatka River), the Vyatka River community, and the transformed community downstream of the Vyatka River confluence. The waters of the Vyatka River were characterized by the highest plankton biomass, which affected the quantitative indicators of the Kama River community downstream the tributary inflow. The transformation of the planktonic community under the influence of the Vyatka River inflow was manifested in the change of one dominant group (heterotrophic bacteria) to another (diatoms). In general, despite the lower volume of Vyatka runoff compared to the Kama River, 81% of the total organic carbon of plankton on weekends, and 61% on working days, was formed due to runoff from Vyatka. On the contrary, detritus mainly came directly from the Kama River waters (more than 97%). The influence of the Vyatka River on the Kama River ecosystem in its lower course and further on the Volga River was large, increasing even more on weekends as the amount of runoff through the hydroelectric power station reduced.
Impact Assessment of the Amur Sleeper Perccottus glenii Dybowski, 1877 on Amphibians in Samara Oblast
Authors: Fayzulin A I
Published: July 2021

The author found that in the study area, an invasive alien species of fish, the Amur sleeper Perccottus glenii, lives in 35 amphibian habitats. Of these, 14 are large water bodies, coastal areas and bays of watercourses, 21 are small water bodies. Larval development is completed by 8 species of tailless amphibians when they have the same habitats with the Amur sleeper. In 4 out of 17 examined populations of the European fire-bellied toad Bombina bombina, the cessation of larval development is noted in syntopic habitats with the Amur sleeper. The author assumes that the distribution of this invasive species is one of the factors in the disappearance of the common newt Lissotriton vulgaris and the European fire-bellied toad Bombina bombina populations in the reservoirs of Samara and Samarskaya Luka National Park. In the natural biotopes the distribution of the Amur sleeper is slower due to the presence of predators-fish and fish-eating reptiles. The marsh frog and the pool frog co-exist with the Amur sleeper; the green toad successfully spawns and undergoes larval development. The absence of common species of helminths confirms the absence of trophic links between the populations of the Amur sleeper and Amphibians in natural habitats of the study area
Water deficiency of little-leaf linden poly-metallic contamination
Authors: Kh Giniyatullin R , Zaitsev G A
Published: July 2021

A high level of environmental pollution identifies Sterlitamak industrial center (PreUral, Russia). Among human-made emissions, particulate matter (including heavy metals), nitrogen dioxide, ammonia and formaldehyde dominate. We studied the water regime of little-leaf linden (Tilia cordata Mill.) trees in habitats with diverse pollution levels from 2010 to 2018. There have been significant changes in the indicators of water deficiency of linden leaves under pollution conditions. Regardless of the category of life state, the linden trees had a slight water deficit under control, while the healthy and weakened linden trees had a high-water deficit under pollution conditions. The results point that under polluted conditions, as the temperature increases and the air’s relative humidity decreases, the water consumption of linden leaves increases. The maximum water deficiency is in the daytime (13-15 hours). At night, the flow of water is not covered by the inflow, so the following day, the morning begins with some water lack. Thus, in a polluted environment, significant changes in the water deficit of the linden trees are associated with reduced soil moisture, increased transpiration, and worsened of stand life states.
Vertical Distribution and Migration of Algae under Thermal Stratification in Small Water Bodies of the Forest-Steppe Volga Region
Authors: Gorokhova O G
Published: July 2021

In this article the author presents some study results of taxonomic composition, distribution and migrations of algae under thermal stratification in small water bodies of the forest-steppe Volga region. The author considers the main factors influencing the formation of heterogeneity of the structure of algocoenoses: vertical temperature gradients, water density and the content of basic biogenic substances. The composition of vertically migrating common species is discovered. The nature of species distribution during the day is shown, when samples are taken with an interval of 3 hours. The predominance of mobile mixotrophic phytoflagel-lates is a feature of the taxonomic composition of algae in water bodies with a pronounced vertical heterogeneity of populations of dominant species. The clearest picture of distribution and migration in plankton is demonstrated by Pandorina morum, Mallomonas caudata, Dinobryon divergens, Cryptomonas curvata, and a number of other large-cell flagellar forms. Of the species without active movement, vertical distribution was constantly observed in Westella botry-oides, Botryococcus braunii, Dictyosphaerium pulchellum, Koliella longiseta, Woronichinia naegeliana, and some species of the genus Anabaena. The author notes the connection between the maximums of the abundance of some common species with changes in the content of nutrients within the photic zone. Vertical heterogeneity of taxonomic and quantitative indicators in algocoenoses is considered as an adaptive strategy to the heterogeneity of the habitat in highly eutrophic water bodies with a high density of algae in plankton.
Floristry and plant biogeography of the Eastern part of the Volga Upland
Authors: Gafurova M M , Ivanova A V , Yu Istomina E
Published: July 2021

Analysis of taxonomic indicators traditionally leads the overall analysis of flora. In this case, first of all, it is necessary to consider the range of families. The triad of leading families deserves special attention, according to the third member of which it is customary to distinguish the type of flora. The type of flora characterizes the corresponding territory within which a floristic “zone” is distinguished. According to the published data on the floras of the administrative units of the Volga basin, we have previously outlined the boundaries within the territory of the Middle and partly the Lower Volga region, on which the Fabaceae-type of flora is revealed. At the same time, the Upper Volga region is represented by Rosaceae-type floras. However, these selected administrative units are too large to outline more specific boundaries.In this article, we propose a similar analysis based on the data of the floras of physical-geographical regions with an area of 2.3–9.7 thousand km2. For the analysis, we selected six areas belonging to the forest-steppe province of the Volga Upland, which is part of the Middle Volga region. We found that the border of the floristic zones (Fabaceae and Rosaceae) runs along the considered area of the Volga Upland. With respect to physical-geographical regions the border runs on one side between Korsun-Sengileevsky and Sredne-Sviyazhsky areas, on the other, between Zasursky and Tsivil-Kubninsky areas. Within the studied territory, the border is determined by the occurrence of representatives of the genera Alchemilla and Potentilla (for Rosaceae), as well as Vicia and Astragalus (for Fabaceae) The prevalence in the number of the common lady’s mantles is more noticeable to the northwest. The genera Carex, Galium, Viola, Potentilla, Artemisia, Salix, Vicia, and Veronica are leading in the frequency of occurrence in the head part of the spectra of floras in the territory under consideration.
Taxonomic structure as an indicator of anthropogenic transformation of flora: The Case Of the southern part of the Melekess-Stavropol region (Samara Trans-Volga region)
Authors: Ivanova A V , Kozlovskaya O V
Published: July 2021

The results of anthropogenic impact can be traced on different components of the ecosystem. The vegetation cover is the basic component. Higher vascular plants make up an essential part of it. The flora of Samara Oblast can be characterized as the flora of legumes, since the Fabaceae family ranks third in the spectrum of families. However, not all territories in its composition have similar characteristics. Earlier, we analyzed the features of the flora of the Low Trans-Volga province using the example of the Melekess-Stavropol region. Its territory has a low-lying flat relief and significant economic development. As a result of human economic activity, most of the territory has been plowed and deforested. The flora of the southern part of the area is distinguished by the abundance of representatives of the Brassicaceae and Rosaceae families. The family Fabaceae is represented here by a relatively small number of species. Within the framework of this study, we consider local floras of various sizes corresponding to the middle part of the Melekess-Stavropol physical-geographical region (Suskan group) and the southern part (Togliatti group). Each of these groups, considered when taking into account the forest massifs in its composition, which, among other things, have a small area, exhibits the Rosaceae type of flora. At the same time, the indigenous fraction of the Suskan floristic group, excluding forest flora, shows the Cyperaceae type. The Rosaceae-type of flora can be considered as corresponding to the natural conditions of the studied area. The abundance of the Brassicaceae family can be explained by a significant anthropogenic transformation of the territory, which manifests itself, in particular, as an adventitization of the flora.
First finding of spirurid larva (Chromadorea, Spirurida) in the common European viper Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758) of the Russian fauna
Authors: Kirillov A A , Yu Kirillova N
Published: July 2021

The National park “Smolny” (Republic of Mordovia, Russia) is located in the Basin of Alatyr River, a second-order tributary of the Volga River. Favorable conditions are created for the development of helminths and infecting reptiles with them in floodplain biotopes. In 2018–2020 in this Protected Area we examined 25 individuals of the common viper Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758) by the method of complete helminthological dissection. We studied only road-killed vipers and reptiles killed by local residents. In total, eight species of helminths were registered in vipers: Leptophallus nigrovenosus, Telorchis assula, Alaria alata, larvae, Rhabdias fuscovenosa, Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Physocephalus sexalatus, larvae, Physaloptera clausa, larvae and Agamospirura minuta, larvae. Larva of spirurid nematodes Ph. sexalatus, Ph. clausa and A. minuta were recorded in the common viper for the first time in Russia. We found these nematode juveniles in walls and lining of stomach and intestine of snakes. We gave original drawings and morphological descriptions of these nematodes. Vipera berus was noted as a new host for Physaloptera clausa. Currently the helminth fauna of Vipera berus of the Russian fauna includes 15 species. Helminth infection of Vipera berus strongly depends on habitat and, especially, on the diet features. Snakes that live in dry habitats and feed on mouse-like rodents, as a rule, are weakly infested by helminths. Conversely, helminth infection is higher in vipers living in near-water habitats and feeding tailless amphibians. Participation of paratenic hosts in the helminth life cycles plays an important role in the distribution and preservation of parasites in the wild, and increases the invasion probability of the final hosts.
Integrative assessment of anthropogenic transformation of the flora in the Uzyukovo forest massif (Low Trans-Volga region)
Authors: Kozlovskaya O V , Ivanova A V , Ilyina V N , Kozlovskaya T N , Belyaeva Yu V
Published: July 2021

The authors give a physical and geographical description of the Uzyukovo district forestry (Low Zavolzhye) in the Novo-Buyansky forestry of Samara forest management with a forested area of about 8.5 thousand hectares. An inventory of the species composition of the flora of the Uzyukovo district forestry revealed about 400 species of vascular plants. We carried out a comprehensive ecological analysis of floristic fractions: taxonomic, biomorphic, phytocoenotic, and geographical. Comprehensive ecological analysis as a whole reflects the confinement of flora to the forest-steppe zone. The results of a comprehensive ecological analysis are supported by a physicochemical analysis of the soil cover of the Uzyukovo forest massif. The tendencies of anthropogenic dynamics of flora are considered, the degree of anthropogenic disturbance of floristic complexes is revealed by means of soil analysis, analysis of the adventive component and the preservation of rare species of flora. In the adventive flora of the Uzyukovsky forest massif, 98 species of plants, mainly woody, have been identified. The authors provide a list of rare species in need of conservation, of which 2 species are included in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation and 21 species in the Red Data Book of Samara Region. Under the influence of anthropogenic factors, on the one hand, ecological-floristic complexes are enriched with eurytopic weed species, and on the other, the number of anthropophobic rare species is reduced, which is steadily leading to the unification of the flora. In this regard, the authors recommend assigning the Uzyukovsky forest massif the status of a regional natural monument and regularly carrying out environmental monitoring.