bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Slacktivism, Supervision, and #Selfies
Authors: Buck Elisabeth H.
Published: March 2020

Since its original development for use in literary studies by German scholar Hans Robert Jauss in the late 1960s, reception theory has been successfully applied to fields as diverse as media studies, communications, and art history; its efficacy within rhetoric and composition pedagogy, however, has been less fully explored. I argue in this essay that reception theory can provide a meaningful way to understand and discuss social media composing practices, especially as a lens for thinking about why and how we participate in social media as both readers and writers in the 21st century. This essay thus examines the three “aesthetic experiences” of Jauss's reception theory—catharsis, aisthesis, and poiesis— which describe the ways that audiences derive satisfaction from engaging with texts. I apply each aesthetic concept to a corresponding mode of social media composition: practices of social media-based activism, regulation of content on social media, as well as the act of creating “selfies.” These applications stand as potential entry points for classroom discussion about how social media draws its users into producing a response. The “aesthetic experiences” represent ways to look at composing practices on social media cohesively, but they also give language to how individual social media users gain enjoyment from participating with these sites. I offer specific strategies for incorporating reception theory in a classroom context, and conclude that this approach helps students think more specifically about the intricacies and limitations of audience(s)—important recognitions for anyone who produces content in social media environments.
Possibilities, Impediments, and Challenges for Network Security in Big Data
Authors: Dwivedi Anuj Kumar , Vyas O. P.
Published: March 2020

With the time, Big Data became the core competitive factor for enterprises to develop and grow. Some enterprises such as, information industrial enterprises will put more focus on the technology or product innovation for solving the challenges of big data, i.e., capture, storage, analysis and application. Enterprises like, manufacturing, banking and other enterprises will also benefit from analysis and manage big data, and be provided more opportunities for management innovation, strategy innovation or marketing innovation. High performance network capacity provides the backbone for high end computing systems. These high end computing systems plays vital role in Big Data. Persistent and Sophisticated targeted network attacks have challenged today's enterprise security teams. By exploring each aspect of high performance network capacity, the major objective of this book chapter is to present fundamental theoretical aspects in analytical way with deep focus on possibilities, impediments and challenges for network security in Big Data.
A White Hat Study of a Nation's Publicly Accessible Critical Digital Infrastructure and a Way Forward
Authors: Kiravuo Timo , Tiilikainen Seppo , Särelä Mikko , Manner Jukka
Published: March 2020

The developed society depends on many critical infrastructure processes, such as power generation, water treatment, many types of manufacturing, and smart buildings. These processes need control and the automation industry has embraced the Internet to connect all these controls. However, the controlling devices thus opened to the world do not always have adequate safeguards to withstand malicious users. Many automation systems have default passwords or known and unknown backdoors. Also, often those systems are not updated to close security weaknesses found after original installation. The authors argue that while the industry is familiar with the notion of safety of equipment and processes, it has not focused enough on IT security. Several years ago the Shodan search engine showed how easy it is to find these control devices on the Internet. The authors followed this research line further by targeting one nation's IP address space with Shodan and found thousands of control systems, many of which represent models and versions with known vulnerabilities. Their first contribution is presenting these findings and analyzing their significance. Their study started in 2012 and the most recent results are from the end of 2015. To gain further knowledge, they have built a prototype scanner capable of finding industrial control systems. This lets the authors evaluate the possibility of performing routine scans to gauge the vulnerability of a nation. Their second contribution is to present a template for a national Internet scanning program. The authors discuss the technology, performance, and legality of such a program. Based on their findings and analysis they argue that nations should continuously monitor their own Internet address space for vulnerabilities. The authors' findings indicate that the current level of vulnerabilities is significant and unacceptable. Scanning a nation's critical infrastructure can be done in minutes, allowing them to keep a tight control of vulnerabilities. Yet, in addition, the authors need to extend current legislation and the rights of government officials to bring more security in national critical infrastructures; this discussion is their third contribution. The cyber-space has become a playing field for criminals, terrorists and nation states, all of which may have a motive to disrupt the daily life of a nation, and currently causing such disruptions is too easy.
Digital Agropolis as a Model of Sustainable Development in Rural Areas of Eurasia Region
Authors: Issabayev Galym , Issabayeva Alma
Published: March 2020

The concept of digital agropolis was proposed to ensure food security through the creation sustainable rural eco-settlements in the Eurasian region to produce environmentally friendly products through modern agricultural and digital technologies which cause minimal damage to nature. The digital agropolis model was developed in the form of a detailed description of the distinguishing features of structural systems, functions, and features that leverage green and digital technologies throughout all its components. The model can be replicated with modifications in the Eurasian countries, since it meets common strategic objectives, such as the sustainable development of rural territories; the export-oriented production/processing of organic agricultural products; the sustainable development of rural areas based on the green economy, smart agriculture, and the operations/logistics digitalization; and development of new technologies for organic farming and livestock.
New Horizons for Sustainable Growth in Eurasia Powered by Technology-Infused Adult Learning
Authors: Parker Judith
Published: March 2020

On January 1, 2019, an American spacecraft, New Horizons, that had been traveling through space for 13 years discovered Ultima Thule, the farthest object in our Solar System. Technology had expanded the view of our immediate solar system beyond the boundaries of our current exploration and opened a vision for the growth of knowledge and discoveries. This chapter explores the vision of a geographical area that began with disappearing geographical, political, and philosophical boundaries and the emerging new horizons for the Eurasian Region. It explores the role of technology infused adult learning in the achievement of that vision that is sustainable. Over the past almost 30 years, these countries have engaged in a search for sustainable growth and for the ideal of a digital economy. Throughout history, adult learning has been at the core of any forward moving initiative. This chapter will address how this ideal can become reality through exploration of the theories and practices of adult learning infused with technology.
Regional University Partnership for Sustainable Development in the Age of Digital Technologies
Authors: Tazhina Gainiya
Published: March 2020

In the modern world, the sustainable development of higher education institutions is determined by their ability to integrate into the global digital knowledge. The study aimed to find out the needs of faculty in digital technologies for teaching and research. The study also aimed to find out the faculty's opinion about the building of Regional Universities' Partnership for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The practical implementation of the study could be launching a regional universities' partnership and the development of a regional resource center, which will serve for internationalization, intercultural and interpersonal exchange, and provide long-term benefits to partner universities to improve their educational potential. Due to the uneven development of digital technologies in higher education, these conclusions apply to universities not only in Central Asia but throughout the Eurasian region.
How Social Media Usage Influences Student Learning Outcomes
Authors: Baizyldayeva Uldana
Published: March 2020

The development of new information and communication technologies and their utilization in everyday lives and especially the involvement of new generation in the usage of these technologies for communication, for entertainment, for education, and other activities has raised a real problem of distracting of young generation from necessary information for professional and intellectual development. In this chapter, the influence of social networks on higher institution students' academic performance is considered. There is a trial to build analytical models and estimate the degree of social networks impact on student academic performance by using GPA grades. The problem of involvedness of young people in social networks and its impact on the study process and academic performance brought concern towards the quality of professional development in the Central Asian region. As it is a sustainable development provided by the country's economy, the educational system directly depends on younger generation's interest in study and wellbeing.
Competences in US and Spain
Authors: Vitalaru Bianca
Published: March 2020

This chapter analyzes teaching strategies that English-speaking Language Assistants (LAs) enrolled as students in the ‘Teach and Learn in Spain' Program at Instituto Franklin-Universidad de Alcalá, considering their curriculum designs developed as Master's Theses between 2014 and 2017. It is based on the assumption that they focus on the aspects they perceive as essential for developing Spanish students' oral communication skills in English in the context of their relationship with other types of skills that are specific for the 21st century in particular. Specifically, after describing the basic context for developing competences in the Spanish and North American education systems, the chapter analyzes several aspects: the teaching strategies their academic papers focus on, the proposal of guides and guidelines as a strategy to solve difficulties, and some of the other types of solutions they provide to motivate the students and improve specific skills.
The Phenomenon of Bilingualism in Slovakia
Authors: Hurajová Anna
Published: March 2020

The present chapter deals with the phenomenon of bilingualism in Slovakia in general and the concept of so-called intentional bilingualism in particular. This approach has been gaining popularity and has been implemented in monolingual countries of Europe, with the Slovak Republic being no exception. Several studies on successful implementation of intentional bilingualism in monolingual settings in Slovakia have been published in the literature. First, the theoretical background is presented and the relevant literature is reviewed. Intentional bilingualism is defined, the forms of bilingualism in Slovakia are depicted, possible benefits of bilingualism and some prejudices against it, as well as methods of bilingual upbringing in families, are described. The subsequent research part presents a narrative family case study on intentional bilingualism. The bilingual upbringing of a child in a monolingual culture is described and conclusions are outlined.
The Pedagogical Potential of Design Thinking for CLIL Teaching
Authors: Martínez-Serrano Leonor María
Published: March 2020

This chapter examines the origins and singularity of Design Thinking as a humanistic discipline that can be successfully exploited in education. It explores the pedagogical potential inherent in Design Thinking strategies to foster creativity, critical thinking skills, and deep learning in content subjects taught through the medium of an additional language in CLIL settings. The author contends that Design Thinking will ultimately empower content teachers to rethink their teaching techniques repertoire, to redesign their CLIL practice, to cultivate inquiring minds in their classroom, to give students memorable learning experiences, and to equip them with core 21st-century competences related to creativity, critical thinking, teamwork, and intercultural awareness. Design Thinking strategies prompt learners to think out of the box and seek alternative answers to learning tasks, whilst cultivating LOTS and HOTS in Bloom's taxonomy and ensuring learning progression along both the content and language pathways.
Pedagogical Considerations for Successful Implementation of Virtual Reality in the Language Classroom
Authors: Lege Ryan , Bonner Euan , Frazier Erin , Pascucci Luann
Published: March 2020

Virtual reality (VR) offers unique opportunities for immersive activities previously not possible in the language classroom. However, as with any new instructional medium, it is difficult to employ these technologies effectively. There is often a gap between teachers' understanding of how to use the technology and the pedagogical needs of the classroom. This chapter introduces the VR Application Analysis Framework. The framework, supported by established theory, assists with the analysis and implementation of commercial off-the-shelf VR applications into language classroom tasks. This chapter explores the history of VR and the background for its potential use in the classroom. The four key aspects of the framework are presented: immersive capacity, cognitive load, purpose, and communicative capability. Four existing VR applications and their accompanying activities are presented as examples of using the framework.
First-Year Japanese Learners' Perceptions of Computerised vs. Face-to-Face Oral Testing
Authors: Hasegawa Hiroshi , Chen Julian , Collopy Teagan
Published: March 2020

This chapter explores the effectiveness of computerised oral testing on Japanese learners' test experiences and associated affective factors in a Japanese program at the Australian tertiary level. The study investigates (1) Japanese beginners' attitudes towards the feasibility of utilising a computer-generated program vs. a tutor-fronted oral interview to assess their oral proficiency, and (2) the challenges and implications of computerised oral testing vis-à-vis Japanese beginners. It presents the initial findings of the qualitatively analysed data collected from student responses to open-ended survey questions and follow-up semi-structured interviews. A thematic analysis approach was employed to examine student perceptions of the two different test settings and their effects on students' oral performance in relation to test anxiety. Despite the fact that computerised oral testing was overall perceived to be beneficial for streamlining the test process and reducing learners' test anxiety, the findings also identified its limitations.
Emerging Digital Social Innovation in Youth Work Practice
Authors: Abdullah Haslinda , Sahharon Hamizah
Published: March 2020

Recently, the field of social innovation (SI) is making rapid progress and this development is being supported by unprecedented opportunities for digital technology. However, digital social innovation (DSI) should be seen as part of a youth work practice where alternative solutions can be found to improve the living conditions of communities and young people. DSI encourages young people to explore how innovative technology can be used to address societal challenges. To date, no studies have been conducted to support youth workers in the areas of digitalization and SI. This book chapter, therefore, explores the relevance of DSI to youth work practices. This chapter gives an overview of the meaning of SI, DSI, and a renewed focus on DSI and related concepts in youth work practice. It concludes with a framework for DSI in the field of youth work and the implications of indicators.
Digitalization, Social Work, and Youth in an Indian Perspective
Authors: Singla Pamela
Published: March 2020

This chapter describes how presently, India has the largest proportion of youth population in the world and will continue to hold for the next 20 years. The challenge for the country is to increase the human resource potential for the country. The demographic data of the country's youth is a challenge which needs to be addressed, one of the challenges is not being able to access the digital world due to illiteracy, lack of knowledge on computer technology and social media, and proficiency in manual work. The chapter examines youth work in the context of the Indian sub-continent.
GENIUS Remaja as an Initiative Towards Empowering At-Risk Youth in a Digital Society
Authors: Subhi Nasrudin , Shaari Azianura Hani , Mokhtar Daniella M.
Published: March 2020

This article describes how today's youth are those categorized as Gen Z and Millennials who were born and brought up in the Information Age. As it brings benefits, the Internet could also cause harm if it is misused. Using a system theory approach, the GENIUS Remaja community program was introduced to address concerns particularly among at-risk youth living in the city. This is done by giving them healthier alternatives for their choice to channel their energy. This chapter will share the success stories and also the challenges in the implementation of the GENIUS Remaja community program in Malaysia.
A Hybrid Ant Colony Optimization and Simulated Annealing Algorithm for Multi-Objective Scheduling of Cellular Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Delgoshaei Aidin , Ali Ahad
Published: March 2020

During the last 2 decades, there have been many manufacturing companies in various industries that used the advantages of cellular manufacturing layouts. However, determining the best schedule for cellular layouts considering uncertain product demands is a big concern for scientists. In this research, a multi-objective decision-making model is proposed in the process of dynamic cellular production planning where the market demands are uncertain. In this regard, a non-linear mixed integer programming model is developed. The complexity of the model is high to consider the model as NP-hard. Therefore, a hybrid Ant colony Optimization and Simulated Annealing Algorithms are proposed to solve the problem. Then, the Taguchi method is used to estimate appropriate sets of parameters of the proposed algorithm. The results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm can generate the best part-routes of products in terms of time, cost and load variance in a reasonable time. The algorithm is then used for a cellular production plant which is the producer of heavy vehicles parts.
E-Totem, Digital Locative Media to Support E-Participation in Cities
Authors: Furtado Vasco , Lima Lanna , Chagas Daniel Almeida , Pinheiro Vládia , Caminha Carlos , Furtado Elizabeth , Mafra Matheus
Published: March 2020

The relationship between governments and their citizens has changed with the rise of ICTs. Even if these changes can strengthen the active role of society in the control and participation of public administration, there is a risk that this process can increase exclusion especially in developing countries, mainly because a large part of the population does not have access at all times to the facilities and services provided by ICTs. This article describes e-Totem, a software and hardware platform produced to support inclusive e-participation in large cities. It is also described three popular participation initiatives implemented using the platform, from which hundreds of thousands of citizen interactions were obtained from the platform. e-Totem is customized to be inclusive and suitable for use in such a wide variety of scenarios as well as being used by such a significant volume of people.
A Survey on Fatigue Detection of Workers Using Machine Learning
Authors: Yadav Nisha , Banerjee Kakoli , Bali Vikram
Published: March 2020

In the software industry, where the quality of the output is based on human performance, fatigue can be a reason for performance degradation. Fatigue not only degrades quality, but is also a health risk factor. Sleep disorders, depression, and stress are all results of fatigue which can contribute to fatal problems. This article presents a comparative study of different techniques which can be used for detecting fatigue of programmers and data miners who spent lots of time in front of a computer screen. Machine learning can used for worker fatigue detection also, but there are some factors which are specific for software workers. One of such factors is screen illumination. Screen illumination is the light of the computer screen or laptop screen that is casted on the workers face and makes it difficult for the machine learning algorithm to extract the facial features. This article presents a comparative study of the techniques which can be used for general fatigue detection and identifies the best techniques.
Theorizing the Journalism Model of Disinformation and Hate Speech Propagation in a Nigerian Democratic Context
Authors: Ibrahim Adamkolo Mohammed
Published: March 2020

Since its political independence in 1960, Nigeria has been a partially united country. Nigerians have always regarded themselves as ‘us' versus ‘them.' This creates a fertile ground for the propagation of hate speech and disinformation. The Fourth Republic in Nigerian democracy, which triumphantly began in 1999, after 16 years of military rule is now in its 21st year. However, since the emergence of the Trumpian fake news era in 2016, the Nigerian democratic atmosphere has been polluted with more devastating hate messages and disinformation which, aided by the ‘supersonic' social media, threaten the nations hard-earned democracy. As the constitutional watchdogs of the society, journalists are tasked to cleanse the democratic atmosphere of the filths of disinformation and hostility. To help the journalists achieve this goal, this article proposes the Journalism Model of Disinformation and Hate Speech Propagation through a critical review of extant literature. Policy recommendations were offered at the end.
A Block-Based Arithmetic Entropy Encoding Scheme for Medical Images
Authors: Sharma Urvashi , Sood Meenakshi , Puthooran Emjee , Kumar Yugal
Published: March 2020

The digitization of human body, especially for treatment of diseases can generate a large volume of data. This generated medical data has a large resolution and bit depth. In the field of medical diagnosis, lossless compression techniques are widely adopted for the efficient archiving and transmission of medical images. This article presents an efficient coding solution based on a predictive coding technique. The proposed technique consists of Resolution Independent Gradient Edge Predictor16 (RIGED16) and Block Based Arithmetic Encoding (BAAE). The objective of this technique is to find universal threshold values for prediction and provide an optimum block size for encoding. The validity of the proposed technique is tested on some real images as well as standard images. The simulation results of the proposed technique are compared with some well-known and existing compression techniques. It is revealed that proposed technique gives a higher coding efficiency rate compared to other techniques.
The Effects of Sampling Methods on Machine Learning Models for Predicting Long-term Length of Stay
Authors: Nguyen Son , Lamere Alicia T. , Olinsky Alan , Quinn John
Published: March 2020

The ability to predict the patients with long-term length of stay (LOS) can aid a hospital's admission management, maintain effective resource utilization and provide a high quality of inpatient care. Hospital discharge data from the Rhode Island Department of Health from the time period between 2010 to 2013 reveals that inpatients with long-term stays, i.e. two weeks or more, costs about six times more than those with short stays while only accounting for 4.7% of the inpatients. With the imbalance in the distribution of long-stay patients and short-stay patients, predicting long-term LOS patients becomes an imbalanced classification problem. Sampling methods—balancing the data before fitting it to a traditional classification model—offer a simple approach to the problem. In this work, the authors propose a new resampling method called RUBIES which provides superior predictive ability when compared to other commonly used sampling techniques.
Integrating Entropy Problem and GIS for Studying Landscape Ecology
Authors: Kieu Quoc Lap , Van Huu Tap
Published: March 2020

Information entropy has been widely applied to assess and analyze landscape ecology. Results from previous studies were the indicators only, not able to describe the spatial distribution of the landscape. In this article, the application results of information entropy in the assessment of ecological landscapes in Sa Pa district, one of the highest mountainous area in Vietnam, based on GIS (Geographical Information System) were simulated. GIS technology was used to store information of layers on landscape structure, indicator analysis, and a map-layer assessment. Results of information entropy were simulated by the map evaluation. Results from this work showed the landscape diversity in Sa Pa zone. The Shannon-Weaver diversity index was over 1.5. The connectivity level of natural forests increased 234.21ha; simulation results by GIS were identified two suitable groups of landscapes to protect and develop forest ecology.
Can the Bonding Social Capital be Used to Mitigate the Impact of Natural Hazards?
Authors: Bernados Jr Simeon Corro , Ocampo Lanndon A. , Pilapil Edwin A. , Zamora Nemia F.
Published: March 2020

To illustrate the influence of bonding social capital in the development initiatives of local communities and to contribute to the on-going theoretical debate on the effects of bonding social capital to communities, the cultural variable was used in the analysis using post-disaster recovery experience of a community. By using interview transcripts and conversation notes for this work, people's cultural and circumstances determined the social formation processes as responses to their circumstantial needs. The ethno-political organization (purok), the cooperative work (pintakasi) and the smooth interpersonal relationship (hugoy-hugoy) were cultural factors that explicate the strength of the bonding social capital. This article concluded that the inclusion of a cultural variable in the bonding social capital discussion is relevant and found that a flood-prone community, and those communities which are susceptible to natural hazards, relied on their social capital with greater expectations from the bonding social capital.
Computer-Based Perspective Broadening Support for Appraisal Training
Authors: Beer Ursula M. , Neerincx Mark A. , Morina Nexhmedin , Brinkman Willem-Paul
Published: March 2020

Post-traumatic stress affects millions of people worldwide. Appraisal training is an intervention that has been used to decrease the negative effects of a traumatic event. In two studies, the acceptance and effects of technology in supporting appraisal was studied. Study 1, a descriptive study, examined the response to and acceptance of a workshop on perspective broadening with technological support among soldiers and firefighters. Results revealed that both groups evaluated the training as useful and feasible, and both favoured the full version of the tool. Study 2 investigated the effect of the support tool among a student sample in comparison to the paper-based training. Participants followed the training individually. Comparisons between the two groups revealed no significant differences on multiple outcome measures. Behaviour observed during the training suggests that shorter sessions might prove more effective. The findings indicate acceptance of the technology supported training but gives no indication that the effects of the training are improved by technological support.
Finite Element Simulation of the Yoke Spline under Hot Forging Process
Authors: Suranuntchai Surasak
Published: March 2020

Nowadays, finite element method (FEM) has been widely used to forecast metal forming process, to analysis problems of workpiece, to decrease production cost, and to save time of die design. This work studied the use of FEM as a tool to design a hot forging die for producing an automotive part named Yoke Spline. The part was made from carbon steel grade S45CVL0. There are three processes to produce Yoke Spline, including the buster, rougher, and finisher processes. The objective of the study was to increase efficiency of production by 5%. To achieve this objective, it was necessary to design a new die in the buster process by using FEM to analyze the die size and shape. The new die must produce the workpieces without any defects. The defects regularly found in the forging workpieces are the dimension out of specification, the under filling, and the crack. The sizes of the buster upper die cover are the width and depth. The die width of 44.5, 46.5 and 49.5 millimeters and the die depth of 25, 28 and 31 millimeters were used in the hot forging simulation. From FEM simulation results, it was found that the die width of 46.5 millimeters and the die depth of 28 millimeters were the best to form workpieces without any defects. In summary, the simulation and experimental results were compatible.
Cellular Automata Approach to Hydration Heat of Concrete Based on Equivalent Time
Authors: Liu Yi , Yang Yue Ting , Chen Ling , Zeng Jing
Published: March 2020

Cellular automata can be used to analyze a physical system which is satisfying differential equations. A cellular automata program for a thermal analysis of hydration heat was developed. Based on the fundamental theory of cellular automata, the heat conduction equation was deduced for validating the cellular automata approach. By introduction of the concept of equivalent time, the variation of the chemical reaction rate of hydration heat with temperature was studied by use of the Arrhenius function. The relationship between the adiabatic temperature rise and equivalent time was determined by analyzing testing data．A parametric analysis of ambient temperature and concrete slab thickness was also conducted. The temperature rise of concrete increases with increasing ambient temperature and thickness of the slab.
In Situ Combustion Synthesis in Air of Calcium Titanate Powders Using Minerals as a Calcium Source
Authors: Rongsawat Sukanya , Bunma Wannika , Chanadee Tawat
Published: March 2020

Calcium titanate (CaTiO3) was synthesized through combustion in air from calcium sources of raw minerals (lime-stone and calcite), anatase titanium dioxide (A-TiO2) and magnesium (Mg). The syntheses were divided into two reactant systems (lime-stone/A-TiO2/Mg and calcite/A-TiO2/Mg. Before synthesis, the raw minerals and A-TiO2 were high-energy milled for 30 min. These powders were then separately mixed with Mg by ball milling. After synthesis, the as-combusted products were leached with 2 M HCl solution to remove by-products and impurities. A sequential mechanism for the in-situ combustion was proposed by using data from simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) together with thermodynamic values calculated with HSC software. XRD results showed that the as-leached products from both reactant systems mainly contained CaTiO3. FT-IR spectroscopy indicated that the as-leached products had Ca-Ti-O and Ti-O functional groups. In addition, SEM observation of the as-leached products revealed cuboid-like crystals with a particle size of about 100 nm.
GLARE Hydro-Mechanical Deep Drawing Analysis Based on the Forming Depth
Authors: Blala Hamza , Lang Li Hui , Sherkatghanad Ehsan , Li Lei
Published: March 2020

The Fiber metal laminates (FMLs) combine the advantages of fiber-reinforced polymer properties, like stiffness and strength, with metallic alloys, like toughness and durability. These hybrid materials can unravel some problems in the industrial sector, particularly in aerospace, and advanced automotive industry. Still, there are significant challenges in the GLARE sheets forming process even for small drawing ratios, notably smaller and complex-shaped fiber metal laminate with low thickness. As a case study, a cylindrical GLARE cup was chosen. This shape with sharp bends and vertical geometrical features, still face many challenges and difficulties in the forming process. Numerical simulations have been used utilizing ABAQUS and compared with the experimental results in the Hydro-mechanical deep drawing to achieve good forming quality with higher depth. An extensive investigation of the effect of process variables has been done such as cavity pressure, blank holding force, and blank diameter. Also, their roles in wrinkles formation, tearing and thinning, and formability has been performed. Furthermore, the friction in two cases; cured, and semi-cured condition, has been considered. The results show that the application of cavity pressure within specified limits has a positive effect on the quality of the formed cup and leads to higher depths. The same conclusion for the blank holder, which has a positive impact on wrinkling elimination and friction reducing between the aluminum layers and the fiberglass. The result shows that the semi-cured condition of the GLARE has a good effect on wrinkling reduction, due to the uniform movement of the fiberglass inside the aluminum layers. Understanding these parameters and the GLARE forming behavior and have a good selection of these parameters can give the advantage to achieve smaller and more complex shapes with higher depth, particularly for mass production. Finally, this study can extend the industrial application areas of FMLs and GLARE parts.
A Closed-Form Solution for Temperature Profiles in Selective Laser Melting of Metal Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Liang Steven Y. , Ning Jin Qiang , Mirkoohi Elham
Published: March 2020

This paper presents a closed-form solution for the temperature prediction in selective laser melting (SLM). This solution is developed for the three-dimensional temperature prediction with consideration of heat input from a moving laser heat source, and heat loss from convection and radiation on the part top boundary. The consideration of heat transfer boundary condition and latent heat in the closed-form solution leads to an improvement on the understanding of thermal development and prediction accuracy in SLM, and thus the usefulness of the analytical model in the temperature prediction in real applications. A moving point heat source solution is used to calculate the temperature rise due to the heat input. A heat sink solution is used to calculate the temperature drop due to heat loss from convection and radiation on the part boundary. The heat sink solution is modified from a heat source solution with equivalent power due to heat loss from convection and radiation, and zero-moving velocity. The temperature solution is then constructed from the superposition of the linear heat source solution and linear heat sink solution. Latent heat is considered using a heat integration method. Ti-6Al-4V is chosen to test the presented model with the assumption of isotropic and homogeneous material. The predicted molten pool dimensions are compared to the documented values from the finite element method and experiments in the literature. The presented model has improved prediction accuracy and significantly higher computational efficiency compared to the finite element model.
Correlation between ETFDH mutations and dysregulation of serum myomiRs in MADD patients
Authors: Missaglia Sara , Pegoraro Valentina , Marozzo Roberta , Tavian Daniela , Angelini Corrado
Published: March 2020

Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) is a rare fatty acids oxidation disorder which is often associated with deficiency of electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase (ETFDH). In this study we reported clinical features and evaluation of expression profile of circulating muscle-specific miRNAs (myomiRs) in two MADD patients carrying different ETFDH gene mutations. Patient 1 was a compound heterozygote for two missense mutations. She showed a late onset MADD clinical phenotype and a significant increase of serum myomiRs. Patient 2, carrying a missense and a frameshift mutation, displayed early onset symptoms and a slight increase of some serum myomiRs.
Speed-power based training in the elderly and its potential for daily movement function enhancement
Authors: Šarabon Nejc , Smajla Darjan , Kozinc Žiga , Kern Helmut
Published: March 2020

Resistance exercise is widely recommended strategy to improve functional ability and quality of life of the elderly. Novel resistance exercises approaches, such as flywheel exercise have recently emerged as superior alternatives to traditional methods. Eccentic exercise methods are well documented to elicit different and often the more pronounced effect on physical ability and function of the elderly. By reviewing the relevant scientific literature, we found that only limited studies have investigated the effects of flywheel exercise in the elderly, however, the results are very promising. Thus, more research is desired to explore the effect of flywheel exercise type in elderly individuals.
Effect of ion exchange dialysis process variables on aluminium permeation using response surface methodology
Authors: Asante-Sackey Dennis , Rathilal Sudesh , Pillay V.L , Tetteh Emmanuel Kweinor
Published: March 2020

This study investigated aluminum permeation using a counter flow ion exchange dialysis (IED) system. The optimum conditions for permeation were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). Effect of four factors- feed concentration (100-2,000 ppm, A), feed flow rate (25-85%, B), sweep concentration (0.25-1 N HCl, C) and sweep flow rate (25-85%, D) were studied using face centered central composite (FC-CCD) statistical experimental design. A RSM model was developed based on the experimental permeation data and the response plot was developed. The FC-CCD model predicted permeation correlated with the experimental data. The regression coefficient (R2) was found to be 0.9568. The experiment showed the ascending order of the effect of the variables is D < B < C < A. In a counter flow IED for Al permeation, the sweep flow rate is insignificant (p > 0.05). Experimental validation demonstrated for target permeation of 70% was 68.8% ± 2.22%. This suggested that the RSM was a suitable tool in optimizing Al-permeation.
Interferencias en el paisaje. Cuerpo y espacio en la práctica artística de NoDOS(3)
Authors: Torrecilla Patiño Elia , Ghetti Cristina
Published: March 2020

A partir de un proyecto desarrollado dentro de una residencia artística llevada a cabo en la Isla de Ventotene (Italia), se plantea un ensayo visual que aborda las relaciones establecidas entre nuestros cuerpos con el espacio intervenido. Para este proyecto, se realizó un proceso dividido en tres fases. La primera, consistió en una exploración del territorio y en una selección de localizaciones para intervenirlas con nuestras acciones. La segunda, fue la realización de unas pequeñas acciones en las que producimos con nuestra presencia una serie de interferencias en el paisaje. La tercera, fue la selección y la edición del material videográfico del cual aquí mostramos unas capturas que permiten visualizar unos cruces entre realidad y simulacro.
Ethnicity and Power in Sub-Saharan Africa: Do Colonial Institutions Still Matter?
Authors: Rabinowitz Beth
Published: March 2020

It has been sixty years since the first sub-Saharan nation declared independence. Over the past three decades, the region has undergone significant changes. Though few, if any, would question that colonial histories shaped African societies, it is unclear to what extent these legacies
continue to be relevant to contemporary inter-group relations. Does it still make sense to speak about colonial legacies? And if so, which ones? This article explores these questions by examining whether ethnic groups who were privileged during the colonial period are more likely to hold political
power decades later. To do so, I conduct a multiple case study analysis of twenty-five sub-Saharan countries from which I create an original dataset of how ethnic groups were positioned during the latter stages of colonialism. With these data, I run auto-regressive logistical models correlating
former colonial position to executive power since independence. I find that many of the assumptions made in the scholarship about the importance of colonial privilege are not supported by these models. However, colonial institutional legacies may still help us understand inter-group dynamics
and be the source of contemporary political grievances.
Protein aggregates nucleate ice: the example of apoferritin
Authors: Cascajo-Castresana María , David Robert O. , Iriarte-Alonso Maiara A. , Bittner Alexander M. , Marcolli Claudia
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Biological material has gained increasing attention recently as a source of
ice-nucleating particles that may account for cloud glaciation at moderate
supercooling. While the ice-nucleation (IN) ability of some bacteria can be
related to membrane-bound proteins with epitaxial fit to ice, little is
known about the IN-active entities present in biological material in
general. To elucidate the potential of proteins and viruses to contribute to
the IN activity of biological material, we performed bulk freezing
experiments with the newly developed drop freezing assay DRoplet Ice Nuclei Counter Zurich (DRINCZ), which
allows the simultaneous cooling of 96 sample aliquots in a chilled ethanol
bath. We performed a screening of common proteins, namely the iron storage
protein ferritin and its iron-free counterpart apoferritin, the milk protein
casein, the egg protein ovalbumin, two hydrophobins, and a yeast ice-binding
protein, all of which revealed IN activity with active site densities
> 0.1 mg−1 at −10 ∘C. The tobacco mosaic virus,
a plant virus based on helically assembled proteins, also proved to be IN
active with active site densities increasing from 100 mg−1 at
−14 ∘C to 10 000 mg−1 at −20 ∘C. Among the
screened proteins, the IN activity of horse spleen ferritin and apoferritin,
which form cages of 24 co-assembled protein subunits, proved to be
outstanding with active site densities > 10 mg−1 at
−5 ∘C. Investigation of the pH dependence and heat resistance of
the apoferritin sample confirmed the proteinaceous nature of its IN-active
entities but excluded the correctly folded cage monomer as the IN-active
species. A dilution series of apoferritin in water revealed two distinct
freezing ranges, an upper one from −4 to −11 ∘C and a lower one
from −11 to −21 ∘C. Dynamic light scattering measurements related
the upper freezing range to ice-nucleating sites residing on aggregates and
the lower freezing range to sites located on misfolded cage monomers or
oligomers. The sites proved to persist during several freeze–thaw cycles
performed with the same sample aliquots. Based on these results, IN activity
seems to be a common feature of diverse proteins, irrespective of their
function, but arising only rarely, most probably through defective folding
or aggregation to structures that are IN active.
Severe Californian wildfires in November 2018 observed from space: the carbon monoxide perspective
Authors: Schneising Oliver , Buchwitz Michael , Reuter Maximilian , Bovensmann Heinrich , Burrows John P.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Due to proceeding climate change, some regions such as California face rising weather extremes with
dry periods becoming warmer and drier, entailing the risk that wildfires and associated air
pollution episodes will continue to increase. November 2018 turned into one of the most severe
wildfire episodes on record in California, with two particularly destructive wildfires spreading
concurrently through the north and the south of the state. Both fires ignited at the wildland–urban
interface, causing many civilian fatalities and forcing the total evacuation of several cities and
communities. Here we demonstrate that the inherent carbon monoxide (CO) emissions of the wildfires and
subsequent transport can be observed from space by analysing radiance measurements of the
TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor
satellite in the shortwave infrared spectral range. From the determined CO distribution we
assess the corresponding air quality burden in major Californian cities caused by the fires and
discuss the associated uncertainties. As a result of the prevailing wind conditions, the largest
CO load during the first days of the fires is found in Sacramento and San Francisco, with
city area averages reaching boundary layer concentration anomalies of about
2.5 mg CO m−3. Even the most polluted city scenes likely comply with the
national ambient air quality standards (10 mg CO m−3 with 8 h averaging
time). This finding based on dense daily recurrent satellite monitoring is consistent with isolated
ground-based air quality measurements.
Long-term Variations in Ozone Levels in the Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere over Beijing: Observations and Model Simulations
Authors: Zhang Yuli , Tao Mengchu , Zhang Jinqiang , Liu Yi , Chen Hongbin , Cai Zhaonan , Konopka Paul
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Tropospheric ozone is both a major pollutant and a short-lived greenhouse gas and has therefore attracted much concern in recent years. The ozone profile in the troposphere and lower stratosphere over Beijing has been observed since 2002 by ozonesondes developed by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics. Increasing concentrations of tropospheric ozone from 2002 to 2010 measured by these balloon-based observations have been reported previously. As more observations are now available, we used these data to analyze the long-term variability of ozone over Beijing during the whole period from 2002 to 2018. The ozonesondes measured increasing concentrations of ozone from 2002 to 2012 in both the troposphere and lower stratosphere. There was a sudden decrease in observed ozone between 2011 and 2012. After this decrease, the increasing trend in ozone concentrations slowed down, especially in the mid-troposphere, where the positive trend became neutral. We used the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) to determine the influence of the transport of ozone from the stratosphere to the troposphere on the observed ozone profiles. CLaMS showed a weak increase in the contribution of stratospheric ozone before the decrease in 2011–2012 and a much more pronounced decrease after this time. Because there is no tropospheric chemistry in CLaMS, the sudden decrease simulated by CLaMS indicates that a smaller downward transport of ozone from the stratosphere after 2012 may explain a significant part of the observed decrease in ozone in the mid-troposphere and lower stratosphere. However, the influence of stratospheric ozone in the lower troposphere is negligible in CLaMS and the hiatus in the positive trend after 2012 can be attributed to a reduction in ozone precursors as a result of stronger pollution control measures in Beijing.