bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Severe idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: what can be done?
Authors: Caminati Antonella , Cassandro Roberto , Torre Olga , Harari Sergio
Published: September 2017

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains a challenging disease to manage. Two drugs are now available that can slow disease progression in patients with mild-to-moderate IPF. This means that early diagnosis is mandatory, because there are no proven effective therapies for severe IPF. This lack of proven therapies may be at least partially due to the fact that severe IPF patients are usually not enrolled in randomised, prospective, multicentre, international trials. Clinical observation experiences and preliminary results of long-term, open-label extensions of clinical trials suggest that both pirfenidone and nintedanib may also slow or decrease progression in patients with severe IPF. However, data are sparse and obtained from a relatively small number of patients. Lung transplantation should be taken into account early and discussed with patients, when indicated. Rehabilitative strategies are important and effective supportive therapies. The needs of patients with severe IPF are similar to those of patients with an advanced neoplastic disease. Palliative care and psychological support play an important role in the relief of symptoms of anxiety and depression. Accordingly, these therapeutic approaches should start early in IPF patients.
Recent lessons learned in the management of acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Kondoh Yasuhiro , Cottin Vincent , Brown Kevin K.
Published: September 2017

Recognising recent advances, the definition and diagnostic criteria for acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) have been updated by an international working group. The new definition describes any acute, clinically significant respiratory deterioration (both idiopathic and triggered events) characterised by evidence of new widespread alveolar abnormality. The new criteria require a previous or concurrent diagnosis of IPF, an acute worsening or development of dyspnoea typically less than 1 month in duration, chest imaging evidence on computed tomography (CT) of new bilateral ground-glass opacity and/or consolidation superimposed on a background imaging pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia not fully explained by cardiac failure or fluid overload. Due to high in-hospital mortality rates, current treatment guidelines say that the majority of patients with AE-IPF should not receive mechanical ventilation. However, new data suggest that the prognosis may have improved. This modest improvement in overall survival seen in more recent studies may be the result of differences in the diagnostic criteria, study design, baseline clinical risk factors and/or improvements in management. Based on our updated knowledge of possible preventive and therapeutic measures, including mechanical ventilation and pharmacological therapies, the current approach to the treatment of AE-IPF requires careful decision-making.
Introduction to this special section: Microseismic
Authors: Rutledge James , Shemeta Julie
Published: September 2017

This month in The Leading Edge, we present a selection of papers on microseismic technology that captures recent trends in microseismic data processing, acquisition, and interpretation. In soliciting papers, we sought case studies that demonstrated new methods and examples emphasizing the extraction of greater value from microseismic data. Emerging from these diverse papers is a common theme of new tools for microseismic interpretation in which interpretation is enhanced by new processing methods, new acquisition techniques, new quality control methods, and new methods of data integration for evaluating unconventional resources. From its growth as a new technology in the late 1990s, microseismic monitoring of hydraulic fracturing has reached acceptance as a key technology by both geophysicists and engineers in hydraulic fracture mapping. Innovations continue to expand this technology past merely plotting event locations along a horizontal wellbore to map out the fracture growth and rock volumes accessed by injection stimulation. These select papers offer some glimpses into the possible future of microseismic monitoring.
Hydraulic-fracturing-induced strain and microseismic using in situ distributed fiber-optic sensing
Authors: Karrenbach Martin , Kahn Dan , Cole Steve , Ridge Andrew , Boone Kevin , Rich Jamie , Silver Ken , Langton David
Published: September 2017

Hydraulic fracturing operations in unconventional reservoirs are monitored using distributed fiber-optic sensing through which physical effects such as temperature, strain, and microseismic activity can be measured. When combined with treatment curves and other reservoir information, these measurements give engineers more data to understand the effectiveness of a treatment program and make future reservoir management decisions. Distributed fiber-optic data are acquired within a borehole that is actively being fractured and is subsequently used as an observation well for treatments of a neighboring well. The large-aperture and finely sampled data acquisition provides a variety of measurements at different resolution scales as changes are induced in the reservoir. Distributed acoustic sensing microseismic events are observed with magnitudes above −2. The spatial distribution of events, up to 500 m from the observation well, allows us to estimate diffusivity and fracturing trends for nearby treatment wells. Microseismic events acquired using a standard three-component borehole tool provide insight into the type of events that can be observed only on one system or simultaneously on both systems. We correlate very low frequency (well below 1 Hz) strain-front behavior with the onset of microseismic events, as they are triggered by pore pressure and fracturing progress throughout the reservoir.
Geomechanical lithology-based analysis of microseismicity in organic shale sequences: A Pennsylvania Marcellus Shale example
Authors: Zorn Erich , Hammack Richard , Harbert William , Kumar Abhash
Published: September 2017

Using an innovative workflow incorporating microseismic attributes and geomechanical well logs, we have defined major geomechanical drivers of microseismic expression to understand reservoir stimulation response in an engineering/geologic context. Microseismic data from a hydraulically fractured Marcellus well in the Appalachian Basin, central Pennsylvania, were sampled vertically through the event cloud, crossing shale, limestone, sandstone, and chert. We focused our analysis on the Devonian organic shale and created pseudologs of moment magnitude (Mw), b-value, and event count. The vertical moving-average sampling of microseismic data was completed such that the sample interval matched that of the geophysical well logs. This technique creates robust, high-resolution microseismic logs that show subtle changes in microseismic properties and allow direct crossplotting of microseismic versus geophysical logs. We chose five geomechanical properties to form the framework against which to interrogate the microseismic data: Young's modulus (YM), Poisson's ratio (PR), brittleness, lambda-rho, and mu-rho. Additionally, we included natural gamma as a useful measure of organic content. Having defined this microseismic-geomechanical crossplot space, we derived insights into the response of these units during hydraulic fracturing. Observations include: (1) larger magnitude microseismicity occurs in high PR rocks, and high event counts are found in low PR rocks; (2) low b-value (high in situ stress) is consistent with the occurrence of larger magnitude events and low event counts; and (3) YM and brittleness act as bounding conditions, creating “sweet spots” for high and low Mw, event count, and stress. In our crossplot space, there is a meaningful link between microseismicity and the elastic properties of the host rock. In light of this dependence of stimulation potential on elastic properties, the calculation of microseismic pseudologs at stimulation sites and application of our crossplot framework for microseismic-geomechanical analysis in unconventional shale will inform operators in planning and forecasting stimulation and production, respectively.
Azimuthal AVO inversion of an elliptic orthorhombic medium
Authors: Cho David , Rasmussen Klaus Bolding , Mutual Evan
Published: September 2017

Anisotropic information regarding the subsurface is important for various geophysical applications, including fracture characterization and estimation of the in situ stress field. Conventional techniques used to invert seismic amplitudes for anisotropic parameters estimate quantities such as the anisotropic gradient, which is not easily interpretable due to the amalgamation of various elastic stiffness coefficients. To gain an improved understanding of the anisotropic parameters estimated from azimuthal amplitude variation with offset (AVO) inversion, we simplify the PP reflection coefficient for a medium with arbitrary anisotropy by imposing an elliptic orthorhombic constraint. This results in a reduced form of the reflection coefficient in which the azimuthally dependent components are only a function of the horizontal P- and vertical S-wave velocities in a rotated coordinate frame. Furthermore, the anisotropic components are parameterized as direct perturbations from the isotropic solution, which requires no a priori information regarding the anisotropy and stabilizes the inversion. We demonstrate the utility of the elliptic orthorhombic approximation through an example in the Montney tight-gas play in northeast British Columbia, Canada, where we perform an azimuthal AVO inversion and estimate the crack density and differential stress ratio.
Colored inversion
Authors: Blouin Martin , Gloaguen Erwan
Published: September 2017

Whether it is deterministic, band-limited, or stochastic, seismic inversion can bear many names depending on the algorithm used to produce it. Broadly, inversion converts reflectivity data to physical properties of the earth, such as acoustic impedance (AI), the product of seismic velocity and bulk density. This is crucial because, while reflectivity informs us about boundaries, impedance can be converted to useful earth properties such as porosity and fluid content via known petrophysical relationships.
Strong technical program drives successful URTeC
Authors: Maxwell Shawn
Published: September 2017

The 2017 edition of the Unconventional Resources Technology Conference (URTeC) took place 24–26 July in Austin, Texas. URTeC is an event focused on the latest science and technology applied to the exploration, appraisal, analysis, and development of unconventional resources. URTeC, cosponsored by SEG, the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, and the Society of Petroleum Engineers, provides a showcase for integrated geoscience and engineering technology for unconventional resources.
General Anesthesia Imposes Negative Effects on Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Regulation in Patients With a History of Head and Neck Radiation Therapy
Authors: Zheng Gang , Dong Wenli , Lewis Carol M.
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND:

Head and neck radiation therapy (HNRT) impairs baroreflex sensitivity, and it may potentiate the effects of anesthetics on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) regulation. Currently, the impacts of HNRT on HR and BP under anesthesia remain unclear.

METHODS:

In this study, 472 patients with primary oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer at all stages were examined. Half of the patients underwent HNRT plus surgery. The other half underwent surgery only and was matched with the treatment patients according to age, sex, and body mass index at a 1:1 ratio. The HRs and BPs in the 2 groups during anesthetic induction, skin incision, and emergence were compared retrospectively. A multivariable model of repeated measures with unstructured covariance structure was used to examine the associations of HNRT with intraoperative HRs and BPs after adjusting for baseline HR and BP, time, use of β-blockers, history of chemotherapy, and American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status score. BPs and HRs were collected every 5 minutes. The baseline HR and BP measurements were not included in the outcome vector and were only used as adjustment for baselines.

RESULTS:

Compared with corresponding baseline values in controls, the baseline HR was significantly higher (P = .0012) and the baseline systolic BP was lower (P < .0001) in the treatment group. The baseline diastolic BP levels did not differ significantly (P = .6411). Fewer patients receiving HNRT than controls took β-blockers daily (17% vs 28%; P = .0041). Comparing the corresponding values in control and treatment groups, multivariable analysis revealed significant associations of HNRT with decreases in HR during anesthesia induction (−2.21 [95% confidence interval {CI}, −4.42 to −0.01]; P = .0492) and skin incision (−2.66 [95% CI, −5.16 to −0.16]; P = .0373) and of HNRT with decreases in systolic BP during anesthesia induction (−6.88 [95% CI, −10.99 to −2.78]; P = .0011) and skin incision (−15.87 [95% CI, −20.45 to −11.29]; P < .001). However, we observed a significant association of HNRT with decrease in diastolic BP only during skin incision (−6.50 [95% CI, −9.47 to −3.53]; P < .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:

The significant finding in the study was that general anesthesia imposed a negative chronotropic effect on HR in the group given HNRT. Therefore, one should be watchful for bradycardia in these patients; particularly those with low BPs. Their hemodynamics may rapidly progress into an unstable status when bradycardia and hypotension develop altogether.
Picopore: A tool for reducing the storage size of Oxford Nanopore Technologies datasets without loss of functionality
Authors: Gigante Scott
Published: September 2017

Oxford Nanopore Technologies' (ONT's) MinION and PromethION long-read sequencing technologies are emerging as genuine alternatives to established Next-Generation Sequencing technologies. A combination of the highly redundant file format and a rapid increase in data generation have created a significant problem both for immediate data storage on MinION-capable laptops, and for long-term storage on lab data servers. We developed Picopore, a software suite offering three methods of compression. Picopore's lossless and deep lossless methods provide a 25% and 44% average reduction in size, respectively, without removing any data from the files. Picopore's raw method provides an 88% average reduction in size, while retaining biologically relevant data for the end-user. All methods have the capacity to run in real-time in parallel to a sequencing run, reducing demand for both immediate and long-term storage space.
Recent advances in understanding autoimmune thyroid disease: the tallest tree in the forest of polyautoimmunity
Authors: Bliddal Sofie , Nielsen Claus Henrik , Feldt-Rasmussen Ulla
Published: September 2017

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is often observed together with other autoimmune diseases. The coexistence of two or more autoimmune diseases in the same patient is referred to as polyautoimmunity, and AITD is the autoimmune disease most frequently involved. The occurrence of polyautoimmunity has led to the hypothesis that the affected patients suffer from a generalized dysregulation of their immune system. The present review summarizes recent discoveries unravelling the immunological mechanisms involved in autoimmunity, ranging from natural autoimmunity to disease-specific autoimmunity. Furthermore, the clinical grounds for considering AITD in a setting of polyautoimmunity are explored. A better understanding of these may pave the way for designing new treatment modalities targeting the underlying immune dysregulation when AITD appears in the context of polyautoimmunity.
The management of functional dyspepsia in clinical practice: what lessons can be learnt from recent literature?
Authors: Corsetti Maura , Fox Mark
Published: September 2017

Functional dyspepsia is a prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder that can significantly erode the quality of life of sufferers and places a major cost burden on healthcare services. In this article, we review the recent literature, selecting the information we consider relevant since it has changed our clinical management of patients with functional dyspepsia.
Oral rehydration of malnourished children with diarrhoea and dehydration: A systematic review
Authors: Houston Kirsty A. , Gibb Jack G. , Maitland Kathryn
Published: September 2017

Background: Diarrhoea complicates over half of admissions to hospital with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for the management of dehydration recommend the use of oral rehydration with ReSoMal (an oral rehydration solution (ORS) for SAM), which has lower sodium (45mmols/l) and higher potassium (40mmols/l) content than old WHO ORS. The composition of ReSoMal was designed specifically to address theoretical risks of sodium overload and potential under-treatment of severe hypokalaemia with rehydration using standard ORS. In African children, severe hyponatraemia at admission is a major risk factor for poor outcome in children with SAM complicated by diarrhoea. We therefore reviewed the evidence for oral rehydration therapy in children with SAM.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on 18th July 2017 comparing different oral rehydration solutions in severely malnourished children with diarrhoea and dehydration, using standard search terms. The author assessed papers for inclusion. The primary endpoint was frequency of hyponatraemia during rehydration.

Results: Six RCTs were identified, all published in English and conducted in low resource settings in Asia. A range of ORS were evaluated in these studies, including old WHO ORS, standard hypo-osmolar WHO ORS and ReSoMal. Hyponatraemia was observed in two trials evaluating ReSoMal, three children developed severe hyponatraemia with one experiencing convulsions. Hypo-osmolar ORS was found to have benefits in time to rehydration, reduction of stool output and duration of diarrhoea. No trials reported over-hydration or fatalities.

Conclusions: Current WHO guidelines strongly recommend the use of ReSoMal based on low quality of evidence. Studies indicate a significant risk of hyponatraemia on ReSoMal in Asian children, none have been conducted in Africa, where SAM mortality remains high. Further research should be conducted in Africa to evaluate optimal ORS for children with SAM and to generate evidence based, practical guidelines
Floristerias processing of mineral raw materials and waste Yaroslavsky mining and beneficiation plant
Authors: Ярусова Софья , Yarusova Sof'ya , Гордиенко Павел , Gordienko Pavel , Жевтун Иван , Zhevtun Ivan , Крысенко Галина , Krysenko Galina , Пашнина Елена , Pashnina Elena , Козин Андрей , Kozin Andrey
Published: September 2017

The monograph presents general information on the main components of fluorite-containing ores and wastes and the results of studies on the possibility of complex processing of fluorite-containing mineral raw materials and wastes of the Yaroslavskiy ore-dressing combine with the extraction of beryllium compounds, alkali metals, fluoroammonium salts, as well as associated products in the form of gypsum, amorphous silica. Also, earlier studies related to this problem are summarized. The monograph is intended for specialists in the field of chemistry, chemical technology, ecology, scientists, graduate students, undergraduates involved in the complex processing of mineral raw materials and man-made wastes.
ECONOMIC MATHEMATIC-STATISTICAL MODELLING IN DISTRIBUTION OF INVESTMENTS IN UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Байхонов Баходирхан , Bayhonov Bahodirhan
Published: September 2017

The main purpose in attracting and using of investments is an achievement of leading positions in economic development and supply world’s market with local products of Uzbekistan. There is no doubt that to achieve such targets needs accordance plan and forecasting based on scientific researches. Hence, here in this article were given conclusions of effective using of investments on the basis forecast related to econometrics modeling of such indexes as, GNP, basic funds, conditions of industrial investments, also, inflation rates and employment in the country
Economic and social functions of cities: methodology and management tools balanced development
Authors: Белкина Татьяна , Belkina Tat'yana
Published: September 2017

In the monograph, based on extensive statistical and operational information showing disparities in the development of social and economic functions of cities which have a serious negative impact on the recovery of economic growth in Russia, which is determined by the role of cities as centres of population (three quarters of the population of Russia) and most of the economic potential.
Imbalances in development of social and economic functions of cities in Russia can be attributed, the specifics of the historical path of our country, so have no analogue abroad. The rapidity of urbanization, utilization of limited resources primarily for industrial development, the policy needs of the population in Soviet times when the opposite rhetoric and more resulted in impaired development of social sphere of cities. The author identified and presented in the monograph rales imbalances in the development of social and economic functions of cities; the reasons for strengthening the destructive impact of imbalances in economic growth at the stages of social and technological transitions, one of which endures today Russia.
Integrated assessment modelling of multiparameter characteristics economic and social functions and determine the nature and extent of the imbalances in the book outlines basic principles of evaluation methodologies, algorithmic procedures and tools of functional urban typology based on the identities of the proportions of the social and economic development. The monograph presents results of the calculations carried out by the author on the basis of the developed methods to 115 cities in Russia, manufacturing centres. Showing the most profound disparities in urban development, impeding the formation of human capital and improve the quality of life of the population, essential attributes of the post-industrial society, towards which are all developed countries of the world, including Russia.
The book is built on the vast digital material has 44 drawing and table 49.. It is intended for specialists in the field of urban economy, teachers, students, and research staff.
CORROSION PROPERTIES OF ANODIZED TITANIUM
Authors: Hlinka Josef , Lasek Stanislav , Faisal Nadimul
Published: September 2017

In this paper corrosion properties and microstructure features of amorphous self-organised TiO2 nanotubes electrochemically deposited on titanium are discussed. There was titanium of second grade used as a substrate for these experiments. There was a specific solution of ammonium fluoride, ethylenglycol and deionized water used to create an oxide layer with advantageous properties. Relation between changes of roughness indexes before and after anodization was found out. The wettability (contact angle) of artificial plasma on surface was measured using sessile drop method. It was found out that titanium dioxide nanotubes formed on the surface significantly decreases contact angle and time of anodization reduces it even more. Corrosion potentials, corrosion rate or polarization resistance were determined by linear polarization methods performed by ASTM standards. Corrosion potential of anodized samples is substantially more positive (≈ -50mV) compared with non-treated sample (≈ - 280mV). On the other hand polarization resistance was significantly higher for non-treated sample. Also potentials of passive layer breakdowns were found. Structure of nanotubes and influence of anodization on surface profile was studied by SEM.
LASER POWDER BED FUSION OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS
Authors: Manfredi Diego , Bidulský Róbert
Published: September 2017

The aim of this study is to analyze and to summarize the results of the processing of aluminum alloys, and in particular of the Al-Si-Mg alloys, by means of the Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique defined as Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF). This process is gaining interest worldwide thanks to the possibility of obtaining a freeform fabrication coupled with high mechanical strength and hardness related to a very fine microstructure. L-PBF is very complex from a physical point of view, due to the extremely rapid interaction between a concentrated laser source and micrometric metallic powders. This generate very fast melting and subsequent solidification on each layer and on the previously consolidated substrate. The effects of the main process variables on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the final parts are analyzed: from the starting powder properties, such as shape and powder size distribution, to the main process parameters, such as laser power, scanning speed and scanning strategy. Furthermore, some examples of applications for the AlSi10Mg alloy are illustrated.
Machine Speed Scaling by Adapting Methods for Convex Optimization with Submodular Constraints
Authors: Shioura Akiyoshi , Shakhlevich Natalia V. , Strusevich Vitaly A.
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we propose a new methodology for the speed-scaling problem based on its link to scheduling with controllable processing times and submodular optimization. It results in faster algorithms for traditional speed-scaling models, characterized by a common speed/energy function. Additionally, it efficiently handles the most general models with job-dependent speed/energy functions with single and multiple machines. To the best of our knowledge, this has not been addressed prior to this study. In particular, the general version of the single-machine case is solvable by the new technique in O(n2) time.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2017.0758 .
Analysis of Deterministic Control and Its Improvements for an Inventory Problem with Multiproduct Batch Differentiation
Authors: Ahn Hyun-Soo , Jasin Stefanus , Kaminsky Philip , Wang Yang
Published: September 2017

We consider a multiperiod planning problem faced by a biopharmaceutical firm that must coordinate the production and allocation of batches of intermediate products to end products for multiple markets. This is a challenging problem to solve optimally, so we derive a theoretical bound on the performance of a deterministic control (DC) in which all random variables are replaced by their expected values and the corresponding deterministic optimization problem is solved. This is a variant of an approach that is widely used in practice. We show that while DC can perform poorly in some instances, simple reoptimizations of DC (i.e., certainty equivalent control (CEC)) improve the performance of DC. That said, the benefit of reoptimization decreases as the magnitude of demand variation increases. To address this, and also to provide guidance for heuristic design, we derive performance bounds for two additional heuristic controls—(1) open-loop feedback control (OLFC), which reoptimizes a sequence of stochastic programs with a complete demand distribution information, and (2) multipoint approximation control (MPAC), which solves a dynamic program using an approximate demand distribution that incorporates slightly more distributional information beyond simple expected values. We show that although OLFC outperforms CEC, its improvement can be limited. On the other hand, with carefully chosen approximate demand distributions, MPAC can significantly outperform OLFC. This suggests that, in our setting, fully capturing decision dynamics coupled with a small amount of additional distributional information beyond expected values is more useful than fully capturing the demand distribution but coupling that with insufficient modeling of decision dynamics.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1647 .
Coping: teenagers undergoing stoma formation
Authors: Williams Jenny
Published: September 2017

Stoma-forming surgery can raise a number of challenges for patients of any age, including psychosocial impact, altered body image and altered body function. Adolescents may experience additional challenges as they are already adapting to changes in body image and personal identity while striving for independence. Healthcare professionals supporting adolescents with stomas need to have awareness of specific issues that may be encountered and the support required to aid and promote coping and adjustment. This case study considers adolescents coping and adjusting to living with a stoma and the role of the Stoma Care Clinical Nurse Specialist.
Application of the Rietveld Method in the Reynolds Cup Contest
Authors: Ufer Kristian , Raven Mark D.
Published: September 2017

The Reynolds Cup (RC) is a unique round-robin competition that was established by The Clay Minerals Society in 2000 to assess the level of precision and accuracy that is attainable for the mineralogical analysis of a wide range of complex clay-rich materials. Although the Reynolds Cup roundrobin allows any possible analysis methods, X-ray diffraction (XRD) is by far the most frequently used technique. It is not only used to identify components, but also for quantitative phase analysis (QPA). QPA means determination of the relative concentrations of the coexisting phases in a mixture, commonly as a weight percent (wt.%) or mass fraction. Several approaches allow a quantitative determination of mineral contents, such as the Rietveld method (Rietveld, 1967). The successful application of the Rietveld method for QPA requires that all components are correctly identified and that the component diffraction patterns are appropriately described, which is preferably based on structure. In addition, the quality of a Rietveld quantification also depends on suitable sample preparation and measurement conditions, as well as a correct description of instrument configurations. Results from all previous Reynolds Cup contests show that a successful quantification depends strongly on the skill of users. Although the refinement procedure itself is automatic and, therefore, user independent, the results are strongly influenced by the structural models and refinable parameters that are selected and on the limitations of those parameters. Selected examples for the successful application of Rietveld refinement as well as the limitations of the method will be discussed in this article. The goal of the present work was to demonstrate that the Rietveld method is in principle capable of quantifying all Reynolds Cup samples with a high degree of accuracy, but sample specific difficulties and analysts’ inexperience may impede successful application. Incorrect results are often not indicated simply by low residuals or good fits. All refinement results should be validated and corrected using supplementary techniques, even if the results appear acceptable.
Baseline Studies of the Clay Minerals Society Source Clay Montmorillonite STx-1b
Authors: Castellini Elena , Malferrari Daniele , Bernini Fabrizio , Brigatti Maria Franca , Castro German Rafael , Medici Luca , Mucci Adele , Borsari Marco
Published: September 2017

For more than forty years, The Clay Minerals Society has dispensed a set of source clays which have enabled a large number of researchers to work on similar materials. Many of these source clays remained unchanged over the years but, conversely, other clays have gone out of stock and thus were replaced. This was the fate of montmorillonite STx-1a, which was replaced by STx-1b. Although STx-1a and STx-1b share many basic chemical and mineralogical features, some minor differences exist that can affect behavior. A baseline characterization of the source clay STx-1b, which was the objective of this study, was, therefore, necessary to provide researchers a tool useful not only for new investigation but also to compare new results obtained on STx-1b with literature data on STx-1a. This characterization was gained using traditional and advanced methods that included: 1) chemical composition (major and trace elements); 2) cation exchange capacity determination; 3) thermal analyses coupled with evolved gas mass spectrometry; 4) quantitative mineralogical characterization using powder X-ray diffraction and Rietveld- RIR (Reference Intensity Ratio) refinement; 5) X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Fe K-edge; 6) diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible and infrared spectroscopies; and 7) 29Si, 27Al, and 1H magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance measurements. According to this multi-analytical approach, the chemical formula for STx-1b is [4](Si7.753Al0.247) [6](Al3.281Mg0.558Fe0.136Ti0.024Mn0.002) [12](Ca0.341Na0.039 K0.061)O20(OH)4.
Oxidation and Catalytic Oxidation of Dissolved Sulfide by Manganite in Aqueous Systems
Authors: Luo Yao , Li Shan , Tan Wenfeng , Qiu Guohong , Liu Fan , Cai Chongfa
Published: September 2017

As one of the strongest inorganic oxidizers in natural environments, manganese oxides participate in the oxidation processes of dissolved sulfides, affecting their migration, transformation, and toxicity. The amount of and sites for Mn(III) influence significantly the oxidation activity of Mn(IV) oxides. As an easily formed Mn oxide in supergene environments, manganite consists of Mn(III)O6 octahedra; further study is needed of the interaction processes of manganite and dissolved sulfide. In the present study, the interaction mechanisms of dissolved sulfide and manganite were studied systematically. The influences of pH, temperature, and oxygen atmosphere were also investigated in detail. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the crystal structures, compositions, and micromorphologies of manganite and the intermediate products. The sulfide species were identified by visible spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and ion chromatography during the reaction process. The results indicated that in a nitrogen atmosphere, elemental sulfur was formed as the main oxidation product of dissolved sulfide by manganite at the initial stage, and polysulfide ions were observed as the intermediates. Elemental sulfur was further oxidized slowly to S2O32−. The initial oxidation rate of dissolved sulfide by manganite increased with temperature from 20 to 40°C. The reaction rate increased at first and then decreased as the pH changed from 4.0 to 12.0, and the greatest oxidation rate was achieved at pH 8.0. In the presence of oxygen, S2O32− was the main product. The oxidation rate of dissolved sulfide decreased, and manganite exhibited significant catalytic activity and stability with respect to the oxidation of dissolved sulfide in the oxygenated aqueous systems. These findings are of fundamental significance in understanding the interaction and transformation of dissolved sulfide and manganese oxides in nature.
Preparation of Organo-Montmorillonites and the Relationship Between Microstructure and Swellability
Authors: Yu Wei Hua , Zhu Ting Ting , Tong Dong Shen , Wang Min , Wu Qi Qi , Zhou Chun Hui
Published: September 2017

Hydrophobicity, swellability, and dispersion are important properties for organo-montmorillonites (OMnt) and have yet to be fully characterized for all OMnt configurations. The purpose of the present work was to examine the preparation of OMnt from the reaction of Ca2+-montmorillonite (Ca2+-Mnt) with a high concentration of surfactant and to reveal the relevant properties of hydrophobicity and dispersion of the resultant OMnt. A series of OMnt samples were prepared using a small amount of water and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) with a concentration more than the CTAB critical micelle concentration (CMC). The relationship between OMnt microstructure and the hydrophobicity and swellability properties was investigated in detail. The resulting OMnt samples were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetry (TG-DTG), water contact angle tests, swelling indices, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The addition of CTAB and water in the OMnt preparation affected the OMnt microstructure and properties. An increase in CTAB concentration led to a more ordered arrangement of cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA+) cations in the interlayer space of the OMnt and a large amount of CTA+ cations on the outer surfaces of the OMnt. The swelling indices and the water contact angles of OMnt samples depended on the distribution of the CTAB surfactant on OMnt and the orientation of the surfactant hydrophilic groups on the inner and on the outer surfaces of OMnt. A maximum swelling index of 39 mL/g in xylene was achieved with an average water contact angle of 62.0° ± 2.0° when the amount of CTAB added was 2 times the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of Mnt and the lowest water to dry Mnt mass ratio was 3 during the preparation of OMnt samples. The platelets of OMnt aggregated together in xylene by electrostatic attraction and by hydrophobic interactions.
Experimental Study on Mechanical Property of Honeycombed-Core Girderless Floor with Four Edges Simply Supported
Authors: Yang W. , Jiang P. , Han B.
Published: September 2017

To study the basic mechanical property of the new cast-in-place reinforced-concrete honeycombed-core girderless floor, experiments were performed for large-scale loading on reinforced-concrete honeycombed-core girderless floor, simply supported on four edges. Further, finite-element analysis for the honeycombed-core floor was conducted using ANSYS software. The overall analysis indicated that deformation of the floor at the elastic stage was relatively small. On the other hand, the overall rigidity and cracking resistance of the floor were high, which indicated that the mechanical behavior of the entire slab could be improved by increasing the width of the flat beam. The proposed floor design can be extensively applied to the construction work because of its good mechanical behavior.
Residência artística: corpos-políticos e táticas analíticas aos processos de apagamento
Authors: Ciotti Naira , Moreira Vicente Martos
Published: September 2017

Este artigo dicute a residência artística relacionada aos circuito dos afetos e a possibilidade de reação aos chamados corpos políticos em consecutivos processos de apagamentos históricos. Os afetos identificados como geradores dos atuais corpos políticos são o medo e o desamparo, apontados por Vladimir Safatle em seu livro O circuito dos afetos (2016), e os processos de apagamento provém das reflexões levantadas pela socióloga holandesa Saskia Sassem. A partir de Antonio Negri estabelecemos o conceito de performance como ação produtiva na criação de efêmeros espaços do comum. Também debruçados nos estudos do crítico de arte Nicolás Bourriaud (2009), apontamos as práticas de pós-produção como metodologia para um exercício de residir artisticamente. Residências artísticas são processos em que criação e compartilhamento se fundem e, no campo da performance arte, podem criar um campo de configuração (COHEN, 2002). Compõe também este estudo um relato sobre a residência REPERFORMAR O AFETO (Natal/RN, 2016). Palavras-chave: Performance; residência artística; pós-produção.
ZOES: galeria a céu aberto, apropriação criativa na escala do bairro
Authors: Edelweiss Roberta Krahe , Paese Celma
Published: September 2017

O artigo apresenta, a partir da análise do Barrio del Oeste, em Salamanca, a apropriação do território por parte da sociedade civil onde a Associação de Vizinhos tem protagonismo em sua atuação política. Esta apropriação apresenta-se de diversas formas, desde a sua intenção inicial de coletivamente ter força política até as ações contemporâneas de engajamento social e atuações em arte urbana. A participação social e a inserção do exemplo no contexto das cidades criativas apresentam-se como os elementos principais observados no presente artigo. A crítica à falta de identidade nas construções coletivas de habitação em meados do século XX soma-se às ações da Associação de Vizinhos ZOES sob a forma de transformação urbana. O grafite, bem como demais ações como o knitting ou os microjardins são algumas das ações capazes de conferir uma nova e particular identidade ao bairro. Palavras-chave: ZOES, apropriação urbana, cidades criativas
DOMUM
Authors: Santana Julia Delmondes
Published: September 2017

-
IDENTIDADE SETOR SUL: CROQUIS URBANOS E O RECONHECIMENTO DOS JARDINS INTERNOS
Authors: Neves Priscila Pires Corrêa
Published: September 2017

O espaço urbano do Setor Sul, com seu traçado reservado e minucioso revela a partirdo fenômeno livre da expressão urbana um museu a céu aberto, onde ruas e áreasverdes fazem papel de galerias de expressões artísticas. O vazio provocado peloesquecimento do poder público se enche com a nova tendência. O grafite encontraabrigo nas áreas verdes e estas precisam de ser abrigadas. Este artigo analisa o novopanorama das configurações urbanas e sociais, o sentido de ressignificar o espaçopúblico. De que forma o espaço negativo revela à sociedade novos significados.Entender o processo da construção da identidade do imaginário do artista comoprodução estética do local e a maneira que foi feito.Palavras chave: graffiti, espaço urbano, apropriação, cidade-jardim.
LUDUS HUMANUN EST: BRINCAR É HUMANO, ERRAR É UM DEVIR
Authors: Di Felice Emanuela
Published: September 2017

Partindo de uma ação performática coletiva de atravessamento na cidade de Pelotas/ RS - “Explor-Ações Urbanas, errar no limiar” - O artigo aborda a exploração como reapropriação da cidade e modo de investigar o território através da imersão total nele. O convite à ação se transformou na possibilidade de experienciar a cidade em uma escala 1:1, corporal. A experimentação de novos paradigmas de conhecimento do urbano, a criação de uma aproximação lúdica na compreensão da contemporaneidade, a profanação dos paradigmas contemporâneos como uma forma de negligência, que abre as portas à apreensão, amplia as possibilidades de uso e apropriação do espaço urbano. Na visão de que perder tempo é ganhar espaço, a proposta se apoia na cartografia e na teoria da deriva, assim, abre novos métodos de conhecimento, onde a pesquisa e o pesquisador reúnem teoria e prática no território. Entendendo que a possibilidade de tropeçar e de cometer erros numa interação do corpo a corpo é uma necessidade para conhecer e imaginar a cidade e o contemporâneo como novas ferramentas.Palavras-chave: exploração urbana, profanação, cartografia.
Outcomes of orthopedic surgery in a cohort of 49 patients with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLHR)
Authors: Gizard A , Rothenbuhler A , Pejin Z , Finidori G , Glorion C , de Billy B , Linglart A , Wicart P
Published: September 2017

Background

X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLHR) is due to mutations in PHEX leading to unregulated production of FGF23 and hypophosphatemia. XLHR is characterized by leg bowing of variable severity. Phosphate supplements and oral vitamin analogs, partially or, in some cases, fully restore the limb straightness. Surgery is the alternative for severe or residual limb deformities.

Objective

To retrospectively assess the results of surgical limb correction in XLHR (osteotomies and bone alignment except for 3 transient hemiepiphysiodesis).

Methods

We analyzed the incidence of recurrence and post-surgical complications in 49 XLHR patients (29F, 20M) (mean age at diagnosis 6.0 years (± 7.1)).

Results

At first surgery, the mean age was 13.4 years (± 5.0). Recurrence was observed in 14/49 (29%) patients. The number of additional operations significantly decreased with age (2.0 (± 0.9), 1.7 (± 1.0) and 1.2 (± 0.4) in children <11 years, between 11 and 15, and >15 years; P < 0.001). Incidence of recurrence seemed to be lower in patients with good metabolic control of the rickets (25% vs 33%). Complications were observed in 57% of patients.

Conclusion

We report a large series of surgical procedures in XLHR. Our results confirm that phosphate supplements and vitamin D analog therapy is the first line of treatment to correct leg bowing. Surgery before puberty is associated with a high risk of recurrence of the limb deformity. Such procedures should only be recommended, following multidisciplinary discussions, in patients with severe distortion leading to mechanical joint and ligament complications, or for residual deformities once growth plates have fused.
Interpretation of glucocorticoids in neonatal hair: a reflection of intrauterine glucocorticoid regulation?
Authors: Hollanders Jonneke J , van der Voorn Bibian , Kieviet Noera , Dolman Koert M , de Rijke Yolanda B , van den Akker Erica L T , Rotteveel Joost , Honig Adriaan , Finken Martijn J J
Published: September 2017

Background

Glucocorticoids (GCs) measured in neonatal hair might reflect intrauterine as well as postpartum GC regulation. We aimed to identify factors associated with neonatal hair GC levels in early life, and their correlation with maternal hair GCs.

Methods

In a single-center observational study, mother–infant pairs (n = 107) admitted for >72 h at the maternity ward of a general hospital were included. At birth and an outpatient visit (OPV, n = 72, 44 ± 11 days postpartum), maternal and neonatal hair was analyzed for cortisol and cortisone levels by LC–MS/MS. Data were analyzed regarding: (1) neonatal GC levels postpartum and at the OPV, (2) associations of neonatal GC levels with maternal GC levels and (3) with other perinatal factors.

Results

(1) Neonatal GC levels were >5 times higher than maternal levels, with a decrease in ±50% between birth and the OPV for cortisol. (2) Maternal and neonatal cortisol, but not cortisone, levels were correlated both at postpartum and at the OPV. (3) Gestational age was associated with neonatal GC postpartum (log-transformed β (95% CI): cortisol 0.07 (0.04–0.10); cortisone 0.04 (0.01–0.06)) and at the OPV (cortisol 0.08 (0.04–0.12); cortisone 0.00 (−0.04 to 0.04)), while weaker associations were found between neonatal GCs and other perinatal and maternal factors.

Conclusions

Neonatal hair GCs mainly reflect the third trimester increase in cortisol, which might be caused by the positive feedback loop, a placenta-driven phenomenon, represented by the positive association with GA. Between birth and 1.5 months postpartum, neonatal hair cortisol concentrations decrease sharply, but still appear to reflect both intra- and extrauterine periods.
BclI polymorphism of the glucocorticoid receptor and adrenal crisis in primary adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Zopf Kathrin , Frey Kathrin R , Kienitz Tina , Ventz Manfred , Bauer Britta , Quinkler Marcus
Published: September 2017

Context

Patients with primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) or congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are at a high risk of adrenal crisis (AC). Glucocorticoid sensitivity is at least partially genetically determined by polymorphisms of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR).

Objectives

To determine if a number of intercurrent illnesses and AC are associated with the GR gene polymorphism BclI in patients with PAI and CAH.

Design and patients

This prospective, longitudinal study over 37.7 ± 10.1 months included 47 PAI and 25 CAH patients. During the study period, intercurrent illness episodes and AC were documented.

Results

The study period covered 223 patient years in which 21 AC occurred (9.4 AC/100 pat years). There were no significant differences between BclI polymorphisms (CC (n = 29), CG (n = 34) and GG (n = 9)) regarding BMI, hydrocortisone equivalent daily dose and blood pressure. We did not find a difference in the number of intercurrent illnesses/patient year among BclI polymorphisms (CC (1.5 ± 1.4/pat year), CG (1.2 ± 1.2/pat year) and GG (1.6 ± 2.2/pat year)). The occurrence of AC was not significantly different among the homozygous (GG) genotype (32.5 AC/100 pat years), the CC genotype (6.7 AC/100 pat years) and the CG genotype (4.9 AC/100 pat years). Concomitant hypothyroidism was the highest in the GG genotype group (5/9), compared to others (CC (11/29) and CG (11/34)).

Conclusions

Although sample sizes were relatively small and results should be interpreted with caution, this study suggests that the GR gene polymorphism BclI may not be associated with the frequencies of intercurrent illnesses and AC.