bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anatomical Localisation and Morphometric Study of Lister’s Tubercle of Radius: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rajani Sangeeta Jitendra , Rajput Hina Bhulabhai , Rajani Aayushi Jitendra , Vaniya Vasant H
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Fractures of the distal radius are one of the most common injuries and it accounts for 8-15% of all fractures of the upper limb. Lister’s Tubercle (LT) is an important anatomical, surgical landmark during various orthopaedic and other surgical procedures on the distal radius. Aim: To determine the anatomical localisation of LT in relation to radial styloid process and ulnar notch and to measure the morphometric parameters of LT on dry radii. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was done on 180 radii, 90 right-sided and 90 left-sided obtained from the Department of Anatomy, Medical College Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, from December 2021 to August 2022. Localisation and length, width and height of the lister tubercle were measured with the help of a vernier calliper. Mean and range of each parameter was calculated. All measurements were made by two observers to avoid bias interpretation. The data were entered in Microsoft Excel window 10. Results: On right-side the LT was nearer to the styloid process in 04 radii (ratio was less than 1) while it was nearer to the ulnar notch in 86 radii (ratio was more than 1). Highest ratio of two distance was 1.768 (LT nearer to ulnar notch) while the lowest distance was 0.8706 (LT nearer to styloid process). On left-side LT was nearer to styloid process in 28 radii (ratio was less than 1) while it was nearer to ulnar notch in 62 radii (ratio was more than 1). Highest ratio of two distance was 1.42 (LT nearer to ulnar notch) while the lowest distance was 0.79 (LT nearer to styloid process). The mean length of LT on right-side was 12.30±1.46 mm, breadth 4.66±0.98 mm, while height was 2.87±0.57 mm and the mean length of LT on the left-side was 13.19±1.511 mm, width 4.89±1.17 mm, while the height was 2.96±0.692 mm. Conclusion: The present study shows that in majority of cases, LT was nearer to the ulnar notch and the distance between LT and radial styloid process was more. The anatomical localisation and morphometric data of LT will be is useful in various surgical procedures like screw fixation in volar plating and micro nail techniques.
Paediatric Appendicitis: Has SARS-COV-2 Influenced the Clinical Profile and Management during the Pandemic Period?
Authors: Sadiq Shinaz , Binu MK , Maneesha UR , Beena SV , Aravind CS
Published: May 2023

Introduction: The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) had profound repercussions on routine medical practices all over the globe. There are fewer studies on the impact of the pandemic on childhood surgical conditions like Acute Appendicitis (AA), which is the most common paediatric surgical emergency. Aim: To analyse whether COVID-19 has influenced the clinical profile and management of paediatric appendicitis during the pandemic period. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Paediatric Surgery, SAT Hospital, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, comparing AA cases during the pandemic period (group A=from February 2020 to January 2022) with AA cases during the prepandemic period (group B=from February 2018 to January 2020). Analysis of data regarding patient demographics (age, sex), duration of symptoms and hospital stay, type of appendicitis, total and differential leucocyte count, ultrasonographic findings, treatment modality and complications was done. Subgroup analysis of children in group A was done by comparing AA cases with active/recent COVID-19 infection (Subgroup A1) with the rest of AA in the group (Subgroup A2). Pearson’s Chi-square test was used for the analysis of categorical variables and independent t-test was used for numerical data. p-value<0.05 was considered significant. Results: There were 826 AA cases, with 375 children in group A and 451 in group B. A significant reduction in the number of AA cases was noted during the first year of the pandemic (n=167 vs n=242, p-value=0.009) and a significantly higher number of cases were managed conservatively during the pandemic period (n=48 vs n=10, p-value <0.0001). Children with active/ recent COVID-19 infection presented late (p-value=0.03), had a significantly higher incidence of complicated appendicitis (p-value=0.02), decreased total leucocyte count (p-value=0.01), decreased polymorph count (p-value=0.02) and higher incidence of the conservative modality of treatment (p-value<0.005). Conclusion: Overall, there were no significant differences in the clinical profile of AA during the pandemic period. But, children with AA who had active/recent COVID-19 infection had a longer duration of symptoms and a higher incidence of complicated appendicitis. The pandemic influenced the management protocols with an increase in the number of AA cases being managed conservatively when compared to the prepandemic period.
An Unusual Case of Renal Infection with Mycobacterium senegalense
Authors: Selvakani Jennifer Maria , Shanmugam Priyadarshini , Selvabai R Alice Peace , Jayasekaran Vigneshwaaran
Published: May 2023

Mycobacterium senegalense is a Non Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) belonging to rapid growers Mycobacterium fortuitum group. Authors describe a unique case of Mycobacterium senegalense infection in a 62-year-old diabetic male with bilateral pyelonephritis and acute kidney injury, as patient had complaints of haematuria on and off for a week. Mycobacterium senegalense is difficult to diagnose as the symptoms are expansive and routine diagnostic tests have lesser sensitivity. It remains resistant to the commonly used antibiotics. The patient was under multiple antibiotic regimens for a long period of time and the isolate grown from the urine sample was identified by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation- Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) as Mycobacterium senegalense. Later, the patient was started on antitubercular therapy and finally responded.
Comparative Analysis of Research Output of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University as Reflected in Scopus and Web of Science
Authors: Sankar M. , Prema C.
Published: May 2023

The study presented in the paper has analyzed the research productivity of faculty members of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University for the period of 2001-2020.  Total of 4372 publications in Scopus and 1980 publications in web of Science database were retrieved and compared the performance of the faculty members. This study analyzed the scientific parameters such as year-wise distribution of research productivity, most prolific authors, funding sponsors, Collaborating Institutions, Collaborating Countries and top-ranked sources preferred by the agricultural faculty members for publishing their research output. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University faculty members published more publications in Scopus 4372 compared to Web of Science 1980. Articles are the predominant publications by the faculty members of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 3928 in Scopus and 1822 in Web of Science Prof. Samiyappan R is the predominant and most impactful author of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University.USA is the most predominant country collaborated with Tamil Nadu Agricultural University publications about 187 in Scopus and 137 in Web of Science Legume Research is the most predominant journal with 69 publications in Web of Science and Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding 448 publications in Scopus. Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai is the most collaborating institution with 538 publications in Scopus and Kansas State University in Web of Science database.Plant Sciences (499), Agronomy (490), Biotechnology Applied Microbiology (190), Horticulture (159) and Environmental Science (129) are the predominant subject areas focused by the faculty members of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University in Web of Science and Agricultural and Biological Sciences subject category in Scopus 3317 publications. Indian Council of Agricultural Research is the predominant sponsor and supported for 104 research publications followed by Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India.
Effect of Physical Abuse and Negligence on Academic Achievement of Primary School Students in Bangladesh
Authors: Mercer Cinderella Genevieve , Karim Md. Rezaull
Published: May 2023

This review article investigates how physical abuse and carelessness affect Bangladeshi primary school children’s academic performance. This study especially focuses on the negative effects of physical abuse and carelessness within the Bangladeshi context, while acknowledging that children's educational outcomes are influenced by a variety of circumstances. This review article relies on secondary sources from various articles, theses, books, journals, research, etc. The paper synthesizes data from many research to acquire a greater understanding of the connection between physical abuse, carelessness, and academic accomplishment after completing an extensive evaluation of the body of existing knowledge. The review highlights various forms of physical abuse and carelessness as well as investigates the ways in which these occurrences impact academic achievement, and analyzes potential long-term repercussions for the afflicted kids' overall educational trajectory. This review article finds that physical abuse and neglect have a negative impact on the academic achievement of primary school students in Bangladesh. These students tend to have lower academic scores and are more likely to drop out of school. The study highlights the need for interventions and support services to address physical abuse and neglect among primary school students to promote better academic outcomes. The article offers suggestions for interventions and support systems aimed at reducing the negative effects of physical abuse and negligence on the academic achievement of primary school students in Bangladesh. It also discusses the implications of these findings for policymakers, educators, and practitioners.
Effect of Different Treatment Modules on Seed Yield and Quality in African Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)
Authors: Bisht Anjay Singh , Dilta B. S. , Sharma Manish Kumar , Baweja H. S. , Kumar Pardeep , Sharma B. P. , Sharma Rajender
Published: May 2023

The present investigation was carried out at the experimental farm of Department of Seed Science and Technology, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP)-173 230 during 2018 and 2019. The treatment modules comprising different doses of Jeevamrit applied as drench (25ml/m2, 50ml/m2, 75ml/m2 and 100 ml/m2) and as foliar spray (5%, 10%, 15% & 20%) at 15 days interval, alternatively + Brahmastra @ 2.5 % and Neemastra @ 2.5 %  at 7 days interval, alternatively along with RDF, untreated control and an organic module based on Trichoderma viride. The field experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 19 treatments replicated thrice. Although, maximum values for number of seeds per capitulum (268.12), seed yield per plant (14.74 g), seed yield per plot (176.90 g), seed yield per hectare (327.59 kg), 1000 seed weight (2.56 g), seed germination (85.13 %), seedling length (12.66 cm), seedling fresh weight (0.55 g), seedling dry weight (7.78 mg), SVI-I (1077.68), SVI-II (662.55) were recorded in M18 (RDF (100% NPK) + FYM @ 5 kg/m2) it was found to be statistically at par with the treatment module M16 (Drenching with Jeevamrit @ 100 ml/m2 + Foliar application of Jeevamrit @ 20 % at 15 days interval, alternatively + Neemastra @ 2.5 % and Brahmastra @ 2.5 % at 7 days intervals, alternatively) which had highest speed of germination (33.36).
Response of Plant Growth Substances and Bio-enhancer on the Enhancement of Bulblet Growth under the In-vivo Condition of Lilium
Authors: Rai Chandra Kala , Rana Manju , Sharma Laxuman
Published: May 2023

Lilies are one of the most extensively sold cut flowers due to their quantity and variety of colours [1]. This this study aims at development of bulbs from microbulblets by the use of different bio-enhancers and growth substances to decrease the time for bulblet growth to bulb and ontogenic development. The experiment was carried out in the Department of Horticulture, Sikkim University in the year 2016-2017 to find out the effect of growth substances and bio enhancers on the enhancement of microbulblets in vivo condition of Lilium spp. This experiment was conducted using completely randomized block design (CRD) which was replicated thrice and the details of the treatments were as follows: T1-Paclobutrazol @10ppm, T2-Paclobutrazol @20ppm, T3-Paclobutrazol @ 30ppm, T4-Thiourea @10ppm, T5-Thiourea @20ppm, T6-Thiourea @30ppm, T7-Cow urine @10%, T8- Vermiwash @100%, T9- Vermiwash @50% and T10- Control. The treatments were sprayed at 15, 30 and 45 days intervals. Among all treatments used for the development of bulbs from microbulblets, the performance of the growth substance was found more effective. The treatment thiourea @30ppm (T6) and paclobutrazol 20ppm (T2) recorded maximum bulb weight (1.38g and 1.27g respectively while paclobutrazol @20ppm observed maximum bulb length (20.01 cm)  and breadth (15.46 cm) after 90 days of the spray of treatment under. However, organic bio enhancers like vermiwash 100% (T7) and vermiwash 50% (T8) were found at par with the treatments of thiourea @30ppm and paclobutrazol @20ppm. The maximum root length (7.70 cm) was found in vermiwash 50% (T8) while the maximum shoot length (17.38 cm) was given by thiourea @30ppm (T6). The maximum amount of carbohydrate accumulated (76.31 mg/g) was observed in thiourea 10ppm (T4) after 60 days of the spray of treatments, which was at par with vermiwash 100% (T7) and vermiwash 50% (T8). After 90 days of the spray of treatments, the concentration of carbohydrates in the bulbs did not differ significantly where the maximum value of 78.97 mg/g  was observed in cow urine @10% (T7). Maximum moisture content after 90 days of spray of treatments was observed in thiourea @10ppm (T4) (65.76%).  Keeping in view of the results obtained in the study for the regeneration of microbulblets from scale and development of bulbs from microbulblets, bio enhancers like vermiwash and cow urine can be used as substitutes for the chemical growth substances like paclobutrazol and thiourea in organic farming and can be recommended to the farmers.
Effect of Sulphur and Foliar Spray of Micronutrients on Growth and Yield of Zaid Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Nayak Akankshya , Singh Rajesh , Pradhan Akankhya , Thakur Indu
Published: May 2023

The field experiment was conducted during Zaid season 2022 at experimental field of Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.2), (EC 0.26 Ds/m), low in organic carbon (0.48%), available nitrogen (230 kg/ha), available phosphorus (13.60 kg/ha) and available potassium (215.4 kg/ha). The treatments consist of Sulphur (20, 30, 40 kg/h), Boron (0.2%) and Zinc (0.5%) along with control. The experiment was layout in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments each replicated thrice. Significantly and higher plant height (57.42 cm), dry weight (30.93 g), and the yield attributes namely kernels/pod (2.27), pods/plant (43.33), kernel yield (2.58 t/ha), pod yield (2.54 t/ha) and haulm yield (6.29 t/ha), were obtained highest in the treatment 9 [40 Kg/ha Sulphur + 0.2 % Boron + 0.5 % Zinc].
Ozonated Oil as a Desensitizing Protocol in External Dental Bleaching: A Clinical, Randomized and Double-Blind Study
Authors: Wiggers Iara Fretta , Mendonça Márcio José , Vanolli Rafael , Campos Francisco , Ueda Julio Katuhide , Colognese Maria Ritha Veiga , Camilotti Veridiana
Published: May 2023

Aims: This research aimed to evaluate the action of ozonized oil associated with an obliterating desensitizing agent in reducing post-dental bleaching sensitivity.

Study Design:  This was a randomized, prospective, double-blind, split-mouth study, in which the patient and evaluator were blinded to the distribution of the groups.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Dentistry Clinics of the Local University from June to December 2021.

Methodology: Forty patients were selected and divided into two groups according to the desensitizing agent used: control group (GC) - potassium nitrate and sodium fluoride and treatment group (GT) - sunflower oil ozonized and glutaraldehyde. In-office bleaching was performed with 35% hydrogen peroxide in a single clinical session. The following variables were evaluated: I – the intensity of sensitivity at different times in the same group; II – the intensity of sensitivity at different times in different groups; III- global sensitivity; IV - worse pain and V - color change, which was evaluated at the beginning of treatment and one week after the end of the treatment with the help of a VITA color scale. The risk analysis of tooth sensitivity of both groups was compared using McNemar's exact test. To analyze the intensity of tooth sensitivity, the Wilcoxon and Friedman tests were used, P < 0,05.

Results: The study revealed that there were significant differences in the risk and degree of tooth sensitivity between the test and control groups. Out of the total participants, 14 did not experience sensitivity, while 66 did. The test group exhibited lower pain scores at 35 and 40 minutes compared to the control group. In the intragroup analysis, significant differences were found within both the test and control groups across multiple time intervals. The analysis of global sensitivity showed significant differences between the treatment approaches, with the group receiving the specific treatment demonstrating lower sensitivity values compared to the control group. However, there were no significant differences in the worst pain between the treatment approaches. Regarding bleaching effectiveness, there were no statistically significant differences between the test and control groups. The comparison did not show a significant variation in bleaching effectiveness.

Conclusion: The protocol showed promising results as a less invasive and discomfort-free method. However, the study was limited to using only one bleaching agent, and further research with different bleaching agents could provide additional insights.
Re-irradiation in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma – A Single Institute Experience
Authors: Pruthi Deep Shankar , Nagpal Puneet , Singh Babita , Yadav Ashu , Pandey Manish , Singh Harpreet
Published: May 2023

Background: In head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), residual disease, loco regional recurrence or development of second primary are causes of treatment failure. A combination of either surgery or chemotherapy or radiotherapy is used. The aim of this study was to evaluate recurrent/ relapsed HNSCC who were treated with re-irradiation, its toxicities and survival analysis.

Materials and Methods: 72 patients were analysed retrospectively who had undergone re-irradiation at our institute. All patients were histologically proven cases of recurrent/relapsed HNSCC. Treatment was done using conformal radiotherapy techniques like IMRT or IGRT technique.

Results: Patients who had recurrent disease and second primary were 38 (52.8%) and 34 (47.2%) respectively. The time interval between radiotherapy treatments ranged from 7 months to 25 years. Salvage surgery preceded radiotherapy in 16 (22.2%) patients and 56 patients (78.8%) underwent radical radiotherapy. The PTV volume ranged from 15.6 to 672.2 cc (median: 117 cc) and median dose was 54Gy. Mucositis and skin reactions were associated in patients with larger PTV volumes and lower time interval between the radiation treatments. The median DFS and OS was 13 months and 29 months respectively. OS at 1 year and 2 years was 58.3% and 36.1%. Patients who received radiation dose of >54Gy and who had >24 months interval between the radiation treatments fared better.

Conclusions: Treatment approaches have to be personalized in cases of recurrent HNSCC. For re-irradiation in HNSCC we found better outcomes when there is adequate time period (> 24 months) between the radiation treatments and with dose > 54Gy.
Demographic, Clinical and Radiological Findings among Patients with CTU Detected Urolithiasis in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Wekhe Chidinma , Akagbue Vivian Ndidi , Amadi Mary-Jane Orevaoghene
Published: May 2023

Background: Computed tomography urography (CTU) is the current radiological imaging modality for the evaluation of the kidneys, ureters and urinary bladder pathologies. CTU has largely replaced intravenous urography in centers that has computed tomogram machines.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify the common location of urolithiasis in the urinary tract and correlate it with age, sex, stone size and Hounsfield unit (HU) using CT scan in the Radiology department of Rivers State University Teaching Hospital.

Methods: A retrospective study with descriptive study design was employed. A total of 140 patient’s data were used. A P-value below 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: One-hundred and forty patients were studied over a 24 months period. The median age was 43.50 years. The prevalence of stones (n=47, 33.6%) and age range with the highest prevalence is 41-50 years. The male: female was 1.8:1. Renal stones are commonly found in the inferior pole. Vesicoureteric junction stones were more prevalent in females. There was significant association between age and sex. (P=0.005).

Conclusion: Urolithiasis is commonly seen in males. The location of calculi in the urinary tract is in the kidney, pelviureteric junction (PUJ), vesicoureteric junction (VUJ), ureters and the urinary bladder in a downhill order correspondingly. The inferior pole is the most prevalent site for renal stones and VUJ stones are more frequent in females while other locations are seen more in males. Interestingly, age and sex showed significant association.
Consumption Compliance Supplementary Food Biscuits for Pregnant Women in Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmiati Lisa
Published: May 2023

One of the intervention programs to improve the nutrition of pregnant women is supplementary feeding (PMT). The nutritional problem of pregnant women that is often found in the community is the lack of intake of macronutrients and micronutrients. The method used in this study was a sequential mixed method with a sequential explanatory design. The results of this study were the percentage of consumption of MT biscuits by 5 pregnant women with KEK who consumed ≥ 80%. The perception of pregnant women about the severity of chronic energy deficiency (CED) health problems with an arm circumference of less than 23.5 cm is not a health problem that is dangerous for pregnant women. Understanding of PMT biscuit consumption instructions from officers is still lacking. There is no social support in the implementation of PMT for pregnant women from KEK. The availability of PMT for pregnant women from KEK has not been fulfilled in accordance with applicable regulations.
Factors Related to the Achievement of Service Commitment-based Capitation Indicators at Community Health Centers in Aceh Province
Authors: Yusliana
Published: May 2023

The increasing trend of health care costs has prompted the government to seek financing alternatives that can streamline funds without reducing the quality of services. One such system is the implementation of the commitment-based capitation consequence where the puskesmas is paid based on the number of registered participants who are responsible for its effectiveness monitoring by looking at the tendency of contact numbers (≥1500/00), prolanis ratio (≥50%), and non-specialist case referral ratio (<0.5%), so it is expected that moral hazard from the supply side can be prevented or minimized. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the implementation of Capitation Based on Service Commitment.

This research was conducted in Propinsi Aceh area with Puskesmas as analysis unit, with sequential model mixed method (quan à QUAL), qualitative data was taken by indeph interview method to key informant related to validate data which can not be validated by quantitative method.

The results of two year implementation significantly increased the average contact rate in 2020 by 192.6 0/00 (target ≥150 0/00), and the average prolanis ratio of 44.9% (≥50%), and lowering the average non-specialist case referral ratio to 0.3% (target <5%). From multivariate analysis, variables modeling related to achievement of service commitment indicator were capitation value, human resources (adequacy of doctor, nurse, midwife, pharmacy) are significant influence dominanly to achievement indicator of service commitment (p value <0.05).

mplementation of capitation compensation is positive enough to give an effect for all puskesmas efforts to achieve the indicator of service commitment, on the other side of the indication of moral hazard, so monitoring and evaluation is needed to create the quality service.
Efforts to Improve the Capacity of Midwife in the Village to Conduct the Community Empowerment Process Towards an Active Alert in Pidie Jaya
Authors: Rinaldi
Published: May 2023

Community empowerment is very important to do with the aim that people become independent, in the sense that they have the potential to be able to solve the problems they face, and are able to meet their needs by not depending their lives on outside assistance, both government and non-government organizations. Midwives in the Village with individual characteristics are mostly aged less than 35 years, married status, Diploma-III education, with a working period of more than 6 years and most have become civil servants. The knowledge of village midwives about the development of Desa Siaga is 91.5% good, but the attitudes of village midwives towards the community empowerment process in developing Desa Siaga are more unsupportive, namely 57.3% and those who support 42.7%. Meanwhile, midwives in villages who have high work motivation as facilitators for Desa Siaga development are 58.5% and those who have low motivation are 41.5%. The level of activeness of the Village Midwife in social organizations, such as TP activities. PKK in the village, TP. PKK. Only 57.3% of midwives in the village can carry out the community empowerment process well, while 42.7% are still considered unfavorable. Of the 6 (six) stages of the empowerment process, only 70.7% help determine priorities. in sub-districts, and activities of religious organizations, is still very low at 3.7%.
Effect of Brine Concentration on Bacteria Isolated from Leafy Vegetables (Talinum triangulare, Telfairia occidentalis and Vernonia amygdalina)
Authors: Ihechu S. C. , Robinson V. K. , Akani N. P.
Published: May 2023

The effect of brine on bacteria isolated from leafy vegetables was evaluated. Fresh waterleaf (Talinum triangulare), Pumpkin leaves (Telfairia occidentalis) and Bitter leaves (Vernonia amygdalina) including cooking salt were bought from vendors in Mile 3 market, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Brine concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% were prepared by dissolving appropriate grams of salt in distilled water. Nine millilitres of the respective concentrations were transferred into clean test tubes, labelled, stoppered with foil and autoclaved at 121℃ for 15 minutes at 15psi. Sterile distilled water served as a control. The test isolates were standardized based on 0.5McFarland and 1mL each was introduced into different brine concentrations. The standard plate count was used to monitor brine effects on isolates and this was done hourly for six hours. Inoculated plates were incubated at 37℃ for 24 hours. After incubation, enumerated colonies were used to deduce isolate mortality. The total heterotrophic bacterial (THB) load of bitter, Pumpkin and water leaves were 3.49±0.4×106, 3.25±0.4×106 and 1.99±0.2×106 CFU/g, respectively. The staphylococcal counts for bitter, Pumpkin and water leaves were 1.65±0.3×104, 3.13±0.5×104 and 1.55±0.4×104 CFU/g, respectively. Total coliform counts for bitter, Pumpkin and water leaves were 1.52±0.8×105, 2.85±0.1×105 and 1.75±0.6×105 CFU/g, respectively. Staphylococcal counts of pumpkin leaves were significantly (P≤0.05) higher than those obtained for bitter leaf and water leaf. There was no significant difference(P>0.05) in the THB and Coliform counts of all samples. E. coli was predominant in Pumpkin and water leaves while Staphylococcus sp was predominant in bitter leaves. The LC50 values for E. coli, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, and Bacillus sp were; 5.39, 3.88, 1.62, and -0.41mg/ml, respectively. The LC50 showed that the brine was very lethal on Bacillus sp and Staphylococcus sp. High brine concentration is recommended to achieve reduced bacterial load.
Online courses on breastfeeding as a strategy to improve the quality of care: a scoping review / Cursos online sobre aleitamento materno como estratégia para melhoria da qualidade assistencial: revisão de escopo
Authors: Marcuz Júlia , Domiciana Franco de Campos Júlia , Pera de Almeida Hamasaki Beatriz , Lima Corrêa de Pinho Talita , Valentim Carmona Elenice
Published: May 2023

Objetivo: analisar a produção científica sobre cursos online sobre aleitamento materno como estratégia para melhoria da qualidade assistencial. Métodos: Revisão de escopo, baseada no método proposto pelo Joanna Briggs Institute. As bases eletrônicas de dados utilizadas foram: PubMed; LILACS; CINAHL; SCOPUS; Web of Science; BDENF e EMBASE, publicados de 2015 a 2020. Resultados: De um total de 961 resumos, 15 artigos foram selecionados e lidos na íntegra, com inclusão de 9. As publicações ocorreram entre 2011 e 2020, com amostras entre 54 a 26.009 participantes. Em apenas 5 estudos (55,6%) utilizou-se algum método de avaliação da aprendizagem e a estratégia mais usada foi a aplicação de pré e pós teste. Conclusão: A escassez de estudos a respeito de cursos online sobre aleitamento materno para melhoria da qualidade assistencial evidencia uma lacuna de conhecimento sobre o tema. Também se constatou a necessidade de melhorar a descrição metodológica dos estudos publicados.
Mechanistic insights into the ROS‐mediated inactivation of human aldehyde oxidase
Authors: Esmaeeli Mariam , Nimtz Manfred , Jänsch Lothar , Ruddock Lloyd W. , Leimkühler Silke
Published: May 2023

Human aldehyde oxidase (hAOX1) is a molybdoenzyme that oxidizes aldehydes and N‐heterocyclic compounds, thereby generating hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide during turnover. hAOX1 has been shown previously to be inactivated under turnover conditions by H2O2. Here, we investigated the effect of exogenously added H2O2 on the activity of hAOX1. We show that exogenously added H2O2 did not affect the enzyme activity under aerobic conditions, but completely inactivated the enzyme under anaerobic conditions. We propose that this effect is based on the reducing power of H2O2 and the susceptibility of the reduced molybdenum cofactor (Moco) to lose the sulfido ligand. When oxygen is present, the enzyme is rapidly reoxidized. We believe that our study is significant in understanding the detailed effect of reactive oxygen species on the inactivation of hAOX1 and other molybdoenzymes.
Four Birds with One Stone: A Multifunctional Polypeptide Nanocomposite to Unify Ferroptosis, Nitric Oxide, and Photothermia for Amplifying Antitumor Immunity
Authors: He Meng , Song Yingying , Xu Wei , Zhang Xueliang , Dong Chang‐Ming
Published: May 2023

Tumor metastasis and relapse mainly results in therapy failure and becomes a big challenge in oncology. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumors mediated immunotherapy (IT) is attracting widely for solving that problem although achieving sufficient ICD and strong immune response is challenging for nanoparticles‐based cancer IT. Herein, a multifunctional polypeptide coordinate nanocomposite that possesses near infrared photothermia (PT) and responsive releases of nitric oxide (NO) and iron ions is constructed, which synergistically kills cancer cells and highly prohibits metastatic 4T1 cells invasion and migration by PT‐boosted NO release and ferroptosis (FT). Remarkably, triple FT‐NO‐PT treatment amplifies the ICD effects and outperforms combo/monotherapy FT‐PT and FT in cancer cells and tumors, which further activates dendritic cells maturation, and primed CD4+T and CD8+T cells immune responses and memory effects, playing four birds with one stone (i.e., FT‐NO‐PT‐IT). The PCSFG‐based FT‐NO‐PT not only fully eradicates 4T1 primary tumors, but also induces strong ICD, immune priming, and memory effects to reject rechallenged 4T1 tumors and inhibit malignant tumor metastasis, demonstrating synergistic amplified ICD effects with strong cell immunities and memory effects by a unified FT‐NO‐PT‐IT.
AIE‐Active Glycomimetics Triggered Bacterial Agglutination and Membrane‐Intercalating toward Efficient Photodynamic Antiseptic
Authors: Guo Qiaoni , Xue Shaobo , Feng Jianguo , Peng Chen , Zhou Chengcheng , Qiao Yan
Published: May 2023

Opportunistic infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) are particularly difficult to treat due to the altered membrane permeability and inherent resistance to conventional antibiotics. Here, a cationic glycomimetics is designed and synthesized with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics namely TPyGal, which self‐assembles into the spherical aggregates with galactosylated surface. TPyGal aggregates can effectively cluster P. aeruginosa through multivalent carbohydrate‐lectin interactions and auxiliary electrostatic interactions and subsequently trigger membrane‐intercalating, which results in efficient photodynamic eradication of P. aeruginosa under white light irradiation by in situ singlet oxygen (1O2) burst to disrupt bacterial membrane. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that TPyGal aggregates promote the healing of infected wounds, indicating the potential for clinical treatment of P. aeruginosa infections.
Specific Clearance of Lipopolysaccharide from Blood Based on Peptide Bottlebrush Polymer for Sepsis Therapy
Authors: Shi Zhenqiang , Zhang Xiancheng , Yang Xijing , Zhang Xiaoyu , Ma Fei , Gan Hui , Chen Junjun , Wang Dongdong , Sun Wenjing , Wang Jingxia , Wang Cunli , Lyu Liting , Yang Kaiguang , Deng Lijing , Qing Guangyan
Published: May 2023

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the primary bacterial toxin that is vital to the pathogenesis and progression of sepsis associated with extremely high morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, specific clearance of LPS from circulating blood is highly challenging because of the structural complexity and its variation between/within bacterial species. Herein, a robust strategy based on phage display screening and hemocompatible peptide bottlebrush polymer design for specific clearance of targeted LPS from circulating blood is proposed. Using LPS extracted from Escherichia coli as an example, a novel peptide (HWKAVNWLKPWT) with high affinity (KD < 1.0 nм), specificity, and neutralization activity (95.9 ± 0.1%) against the targeted LPS is discovered via iterative affinity selection coupled with endotoxin detoxification screening. A hemocompatible bottlebrush polymer bearing the short peptide [poly(PEGMEA‐co‐PEP‐1)] exhibits high LPS selectivity to reduce circulating LPS level from 2.63 ± 0.01 to 0.78 ± 0.05 EU mL−1 in sepsis rabbits via extracorporeal hemoperfusion (LPS clearance ratio > 70%), reversing the LPS‐induced leukocytopenia and multiple organ damages significantly. This work provides a universal paradigm for developing a highly selective hemoadsorbent library fully covering the LPS family, which is promising to create a new era of precision medicine in sepsis therapy.
Guided Wrinkling of Hierarchically Structured Nanoporous Gold Films for Improved Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Performance
Authors: Kim Sung Hyun , Jeon Sangheon , Yoo Dayoung , Zhang Mao , Park Wonjung , Kang Yeojin , Choi Changsoon , Hong Suck Won , Lee Dongyun
Published: May 2023

Plasmonic nanostructured metals have many advantages for applications in high‐performance surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. In particular, unique designing nanostructures with bicontinuous ligaments surrounded by cylindrical voids with tunable dense pores from a few to hundreds of nanometers can be utilized for the high‐performance SERS‐active substrate. Here, a fabrication strategy is reported to prepare hierarchically arranged micro/nanostructures of wrinkled nanoporous gold (WNPG) films, which involves laminating of the dealloyed Au film on the heat‐shrinkable shape‐memory polymer film and geometrical modulation of the substrate. As a result, the various types of WNPG films are crafted with a remarkable density of cracks in the structured surface area. Specifically, the WNPG films consisting of multilayered overlapping features are explored and used as the SERS‐active substrate. This dual porosity coupled with localized surface plasmon resonance estimated by numerical simulation in a suitable model of bicontinuous ligaments is found to be the core mechanism for the enhancement of SERS sensitivity, which quantitatively characterizes the “hot spots” from the surface to interlayers. These suggested characteristic features are fully assessed by applying a series of dye molecules and DNA strands on the prepared SERS substrate, demonstrating the enhanced intensity of the Raman scattering signals on the optimized WNPG surface.
Half‐Integer Topological Charge Polarization of Quasi‐Dirac Bound States in the Continuum
Authors: De Tommasi Edoardo , Romano Silvia , Mocella Vito , Sgrignuoli Fabrizio , Lanzio Vittorino , Cabrini Stefano , Zito Gianluigi
Published: May 2023

The non‐trivial polarization topology of bound states in the continuum (BICs) provides new strategies in nanophotonics. The polarization topology depends on the geometric parameters and energy‐momentum dispersion of the system and can be engineered to add specific functionalities for light molding. Herein, such a possibility is investigated by studying the topology of the polarization states associated with the optical field radiated by BICs when Dirac‐cone‐degeneracy is lifted. The opening of a pseudogap in the Dirac cone dispersion of square‐lattice dielectric photonic crystal slabs is achieved by tuning the slab thickness. First, the emergence of half‐integer topological charges without the requirement of BIC annihilation is theoretically shown, which instead occurs when in‐plane inversion symmetry is broken. Then, using spin‐to‐orbital angular momentum conversion, the theory of half‐integer topological charges mediated by BICs is demonstrated and experimentally proved. The same device is able to give rise to vortices with different orbital angular momentum depending on the way it is illuminated, thus improving the potential of optical multiplexing. In addition, the additive character of the topology‐induced phase‐vortex generation is finally demonstrated for both integer and half‐integer charges using also vortex states as input beams, which is of relevance for information delivery.
Smoking‐Induced M2‐TAMs, via circEML4 in EVs, Promote the Progression of NSCLC through ALKBH5‐Regulated m6A Modification of SOCS2 in NSCLC Cells
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Wang Peiwen , Yang Yi , Du Xuan , Xia Haibo , Liu Jinyuan , Lu Lu , Wu Hao , Liu Qizhan
Published: May 2023

Lung cancer is a commonly diagnosed disease worldwide, with non‐small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) accounting for ≈ 85% of cases. Cigarette smoke is an environmental exposure promoting progression of NSCLC, but its role is poorly understood. This study reports that smoking‐induced accumulation of M2‐type tumor‐associated macrophages (M2‐TAMs) surrounding NSCLC tissues promotes malignancy. Specifically, extracellular vesicles (EVs) from cigarette smoke extract (CSE)‐induced M2 macrophages promoted malignancy of NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. circEML4 in EVs from CSE‐induced M2 macrophages is transported to NSCLC cells, where it reduced the distribution of ALKBH5 in the nucleus by interacting with Human AlkB homolog H5 (ALKBH5), resulting in elevated N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modifications. m6A‐seq and RNA‐seq revealed suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2)‐mediated activation of the Janus kinase‐signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK‐STAT) pathway by regulating m6A modification of SOCS2 via ALKBH5. Down‐regulation of circEML4 in EVs from CSE‐induced M2 macrophages reversed EVs‐enhanced tumorigenicity and metastasis in NSCLC cells. Furthermore, this study found that smoking patients showed an increase in circEML4‐positive M2‐TAMs. These results indicate that smoking‐induced M2‐TAMs via circEML4 in EVs promote the NSCLC progression through ALKBH5‐regulated m6A modification of SOCS2. This study also reveals that circEML4 in EVs from TAMs acts as a diagnostic biomarker for NSCLC, especially for patients with smoking history.
Large Area Flexible Thin Layer Terahertz Detector
Authors: Song Qi , Zhou Yu , Wang Yifei , Gao Feilong , Wang Jiatong , Zhang Min , Wang Yiran , Zhang Bingyuan , Yan Peiguang , Dong Bo
Published: May 2023

Due to the low photon energy in the relevant frequency band, fewer materials can directly excite carriers, and an extreme lack of high‐performance, large‐area detectors, limit the promotion, and development of 6G technology. In addition, flexible detectors with the integration of 6G communication and Internet of Things technology has good prospects for application in the development of optoelectronic devices, which are also urgently needed. A large‐area flexible thin layer terahertz detector is designed that combines the advantages of excellent optoelectronic performance in the detection of electromagnetic waves with low photon energy and the localized surface plasmon (LSP) effect in a sub‐wavelength structure detector. Due to the large effective area, the spiral electrode device demonstrates the best performance at room temperature. The noise equivalent power (NEP) and photoresponsivity (RV) are achieved with 0.4 pW Hz−1/2 and 154 MV W−1 at 0.28 THz. In addition, the bending experiments show that the device has extreme advantages for flexible 6G detector applications.
Crop disease identification segmentation algorithm based on Mask‐RCNN
Authors: Bondre Shweta , Patil Dipti
Published: May 2023

Leaf diseases include various diseases like abscission, gummosis, Alternaria solani, vesicatoria, and Pucciniales. Farmers from all around the world are constantly concerned about the health of various plants. Our proposed technology identifies various leaf diseases at an early stage, alerting farmers and allowing them to take necessary control measures. The collection contains 25,362 photos of normal leaves, bacterial spot, rust, early blight, and other disease‐infected leaves in Solanum tuberosum, Solanum lycopersicum, Malus, Zea mays, and Piper nigrum. In this study, a transfer learning ResNet 50 algorithm and a mask regional convolutional neural network are used to segment leaf diseases. An improved faster mask regional‐convolutional neural network (IFMR‐CNN) method is proposed to find the affected areas in the plant. The experiment first gathers photos of leaf disease for preprocessing, then utilizes a VGG annotator to create labels for the data sets, which are split into a test set and training set. The proposed IFMR‐CNN approach is capable of localizing and classifying the disease with 96% accuracy. Accuracy is calculated based on the proportion of properly identified leaf samples in a dataset out of all the leaf samples. Accuracy of disease localization in plant leaves can be measured by the percentage of correctly identified regions of interest in the leaf image that contain the disease symptoms.
CPR News
Authors: Bleemer Russ
Published: May 2023

The annual CPR Corporate Leadership Award dinner returns this month to the Ziegfeld Ballroom in New York City to honor Visa Inc. and two of its executives for outstanding dispute prevention and conflict resolution work.
The Response: Divergent Approaches to Mass Arbitration, and the Effect on Practice in State and Federal Courts
Authors: Zorn Maximilian
Published: May 2023

Mass arbitration has emerged following efforts by corporate employers to safeguard the enforceability of their employment and consumer arbitration provisions, and plaintiffs’ moves to pursue individual arbitration remedies in the face of court‐backed mandatory employment arbitration programs that prohibit court cases.
Electromagnetic Radiation of Accelerated Charged Particle in the Framework of a Semiclassical Approach
Authors: Adorno Tiago C. , Breev Alexander I. , Farias Antonio J. D. , Gitman Dmitri M.
Published: May 2023

The problem of the electromagnetic radiation produced by charge distributions in the framework of a semiclassical approach proposed in the work by Bagrov, Gitman, Shishmarev, and Farias Jr. [J. Synchrotron Rad. 27, 902–911 (2020)] is addressed here. In this approach, currents, generating the radiation are considered classically, while the quantum nature of the radiation is kept exactly. Quantum states of the electromagnetic field are solutions of Schrödinger's equation, and relevant quantities to the problem are evaluated with the aid of transition probabilities. This construction allows us to introduce the quantum transition time in physical quantities and assess its role in radiation problems by classical currents. Radiated electromagnetic energies are studied in detail and a definition for the rate at which radiation is emitted from sources is presented. In calculating the total energy and rate radiated by a pointlike charged particle accelerated by a constant and uniform electric field, it is discovered that these results are compatible with results obtained by other authors in the framework of the classical radiation theory under an appropriate limit. Numerical and asymptotic analyses of the results are also performed.
Development of Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization of [15N3]Metronidazole: A Clinically Approved Antibiotic
Authors: Guarin David O. , Joshi Sameer M. , Samoilenko Anna , Kabir Mohammad S. H. , Hardy Erin E. , Takahashi Atsush M. , Ardenkjaer‐Larsen Jan H. , Chekmenev Eduard Y. , Yen Yi‐Fen
Published: May 2023

We report dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (d‐DNP) of [15N3]metronidazole ([15N3]MNZ) for the first time. Metronidazole is a clinically approved antibiotic, which can be potentially employed as a hypoxia‐sensing molecular probe using 15N hyperpolarized (HP) nucleus. The DNP process is very efficient for [15N3]MNZ with an exponential build‐up constant of 13.8 min using trityl radical. After dissolution and sample transfer to a nearby 4.7 T Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanner, HP [15N3]MNZ lasted remarkably long with T1 values up to 343 s and 15N polarizations up to 6.4 %. A time series of HP [15N3]MNZ images was acquired in vitro using a steady state free precession sequence on the 15NO2 peak. The signal lasted over 13 min with notably long T2 of 20.5 s. HP [15N3]MNZ was injected in the tail vein of a healthy rat, and dynamic spectroscopy was performed over the rat brain. The in vivo HP 15N signals persisted over 70 s, demonstrating an unprecedented opportunity for in vivo studies.
Spontaneously Blinking Rhodamine Dyes for Single‐Molecule Localization Microscopy
Authors: Chi Weijie , Tan Davin , Qiao Qinglong , Xu Zhaochao , Liu Xiaogang
Published: May 2023

Single‐molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) has found extensive applications in various fields of biology and chemistry. As a vital component of SMLM, fluorophores play an essential role in obtaining super‐resolution fluorescence images. Recent research on spontaneously blinking fluorophores has greatly simplified the experimental setups and extended the imaging duration of SMLM. To support this crucial development, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the development of spontaneously blinking rhodamines from 2014 to 2023, as well as the key mechanistic aspects of intramolecular spirocyclization reactions. We hope that by offering insightful design guidelines, this review will contribute to accelerating the advancement of super‐resolution imaging technologies.