bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy for metastatic melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer in patients with viral hepatitis: a case series
Authors: Kothapalli Anita , Khattak Muhammad A.
Published: February 2018

Anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies have shown durable long-term survival benefit in patients with metastatic melanoma. Limited evidence exists on the safety and efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections as these patients have traditionally been excluded from clinical trials because of a theoretical risk of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. We aim to determine the safety and efficacy of treatment with PD-1 inhibitors in seven patients with HBV/HCV infection and concurrent metastatic melanoma or non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We describe seven patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab for either metastatic melanoma or metastatic NSCLC in the setting of chronic or past HBV/HCV infection. The safety and efficacy of treatment were analysed retrospectively by examining response to treatment, alanine transaminase (ALT) trends and viral load trends. One patient showed an increase in ALT of Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade 2 severity that returned to the normal range following treatment of his HCV infection with ledipasvir 90 mg/sofosbuvir 400 mg. An additional four patients showed an increase in ALT of CTCAE grade 1 severity. The remaining two patients experienced no hepatic toxicity, with stable disease continuing after more than 24 cycles of nivolumab. Efficacy was similar to the data of published trials. Our results indicate that patients with metastatic melanoma and NSCLC can be treated safely with PD-1 inhibitors in the context of HBV/HCV infection. However, we recommend that those with active viral hepatitis be monitored closely in consultation with a hepatologist and treated with antiviral therapy if indicated.
Challenges and Opportunities for High-grade B-Cell Lymphoma With MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 Rearrangement (Double-hit Lymphoma)
Authors: Zeng Dongfeng , Desai Aakash , Yan Fangfang , Gong Tiejun , Ye Haige , Ahmed Makhdum , Nomie Krystle , Romaguera Jorge , Champlin Richard , Li Shaoying , Wang Michael
Published: February 2018

The most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, is cured in approximately two thirds of patients after initial therapy. The remaining one-third of patients who suffer relapse or become refractory have very poor survival outcomes despite salvage chemotherapy with or without stem cell transplantation. A considerable proportion of relapsed or refractory large B cells belong to the WHO subtype known as high-grade B-cell lymphoma with rearrangement of MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6, also known as double-hit lymphoma (DHL). Most DHL patients present with Ann Arbor’s stage III/IV, a comparatively higher rate of extranodal involvement including bone marrow and central nervous system infiltration, high levels of lactate dehydrogenase, and an elevated Ki67 expression in the tumor cells. Newer therapeutic approaches, including targeted therapy against BCL2, MYC, or other associated pathways, are needed. In addition, recent therapies that harness the immune system, such as checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, are changing the paradigm of treatment for non-Hodgkin lymphoma and could impact the outcome of DHL.
Pseudomyogenic Hemangioendothelioma: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Raftopoulos Emily , Royer Michael , Warren Mildred , Zhao Jin , Rush Walter
Published: February 2018

Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma (PHE; epithelioid sarcoma-like hemangioendothelioma) is a rare entity, with 129 reported cases. It is a rarely metastasizing, low-grade vascular tumor that can histologically mimic epithelioid sarcoma and often presents as multiple discontinuous nodules in the extremities. PHEs characteristically and consistently show immunoreactivity for cytokeratins and endothelial markers. We present a case in the thigh of a 65-year-old-man with a 3-month history of painful lesions in the dermis and review the published literature. In our case, the lesion exhibited the characteristic histologic findings and immunoprofile of a PHE: a solid proliferation of spindled to epithelioid cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and frequent rhabdoid cells. Cytologic atypia and mitotic figures were inconspicuous. The tumor cells were immunoreactive for CD31, ERG, AE1/3, and CK7 and negative for D2-40, P53, HMB45, desmin, CD34, SMA, EMA, and S100 protein. A balanced reciprocal translation between chromosomes 7 and 19 was present; this translocation seems unique to PHE. PHE is a unique and commonly misdiagnosed entity; therefore, we review the literature to describe the characteristics of this tumor.
Vascular Dysfunction in Exfoliation Syndrome
Authors: Holló Gábor
Published: February 2018

Both exfoliation syndrome (XFS) and exfoliation glaucoma (XFG) are associated with systemic vascular diseases and abnormalities. Although no uniform relationship between XFS/XFG and clinical systemic vascular diseases has been established across various populations, vascular dysfunction with or without clinically significant consequences has been repeatedly detected with both epidemiological and pathophysiological methods. Elevated plasma homocysteine, reduced cutaneous capillary flow reactions, damaged conduit artery dysfunction, impaired baroreflex sensitivity, parasympathetic cardiovascular neuropathy, and pathologic heart rate variability indices have all been shown in XFS and XFG. These pathophysiological alterations exceed the normal age-dependent decline and are considered strongly related to systemic elastosis and increased oxidative stress, but are not direct consequences of the presence of the risk alleles of the lysyl oxydase-like 1 gene. The mechanisms of the development of the clinically significant consequences (eg, increased frequency of myocardial dysfunction, stroke, aorta aneurism, and white matter lesions) are only partially understood. The current knowledge on vascular dysfunction in XFS/XFG is summarized in this article.
Epidemiology of Exfoliation Syndrome
Authors: Konstas Anastasios G.P. , Ringvold Amund
Published: February 2018

Background:

From a historical standpoint the epidemiology of exfoliation syndrome (XFS) is one of the most controversial subjects in ophthalmic literature. Current literature abounds with studies on the prevalence of XFS in various ethnic populations and clearly XFS is a common condition, but its true prevalence is difficult to ascertain. Overall, XFS is considered to be the most common identifiable cause of glaucoma worldwide.

Purpose:

This review critically examines the published literature documenting the epidemiological features of XFS and attempts to provide a unified concept concerning existing controversy.

Methods:

A critical review of selected literature pertaining to the epidemiology of XFS.

Results:

It is well established that XFS and the ensuing exfoliative glaucoma have a worldwide prevalence and a progressively increasing age-related incidence. The prevalence of the condition is significantly underestimated. Many past studies have proposed clear geographic variations within and between ethnic groups. In contrast, there has also been some epidemiological evidence suggesting that the prevalence of XFS is similar within various ethnic groups. Published literature fails to address the potential role and impact of suspected exfoliation cases in the reported prevalence figures of the condition. Incidence figures for the condition are limited and vary extensively. Cumulative data have indicated that several, as yet partly understood genetic, ethnic, and environmental factors contribute to the varied prevalence of this condition.

Conclusions:

Further understanding on XFS epidemiology is needed. Only a future large prospective study conducted by the same investigators, using similar methodologies for different ethnic populations will prove beyond doubt the hypothesis that significant geographic variations exist. Since patients with exfoliative glaucoma are at significant risk of losing vision it is vital to elucidate the causes and the risk of developing XFS. To reach this goal, it is important to better delineate the early changes of XFS and to focus research efforts on modifiable factors for XFS development.
The genesis of systems of care for transition to adulthood services: emerging models in primary and subspecialty care
Authors: Wright Charmaine , Steinway Caren , Jan Sophia
Published: February 2018

Purpose of review

Transitioning adolescents and young adults with chronic conditions can be complex. Expert recommendations support a transition process that starts in early adolescence, provides continuous guidance and support and allows for care opportunities with patients and caregivers, with the patient alone and between paediatric and adult providers. As most of the guidance is focused on individual patients, providers and clinical programmes, much less is known about how health systems as a whole might support effective transitions of care.

Recent findings

Many intervention studies focus on the preparation necessary to successfully transition adolescents, young adults and their families to adult care. Although randomized controlled trials of transition interventions are few and standards of care not yet established, promising models are being developed and tested. This review will describe the development and implementation of emerging models of transitional care in primary and subspecialty care, paying special attention to evaluation outcomes that can inform model selection.

The emerging models described here highlight the importance of and guidance for invested clinicians and health systems to create effective methods for successful transition. Additional research using rigorous methodology is necessary.
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Simulation Culture Organizational Readiness Survey
Authors: Leighton Kim , Foisy-Doll Colette , Gilbert Gregory E.
Published: February 2018

Expensive high-fidelity simulators sit unused in nursing programs worldwide. One cause of this is failure to ensure organizational readiness to integrate simulation into the curriculum. The Simulation Culture Organizational Readiness Survey (SCORS) was developed to assist administrators in evaluating institutional and program readiness for simulation integration. Psychometric analysis finds the SCORS to be a valid, reliable tool for use by administrators to determine organizational readiness for simulation integration.
What’s Your Style? Enhanced Interprofessional Communication and Practice Using the Communication Wheel
Authors: Schwartz Lisa , El-Banna Majeda , Conroy JoAnn Fitzgerald , Browne Julia
Published: February 2018

Today’s health care environment requires collaborative teams to provide safe, effective care. This study assessed the extent to which a face-to-face workshop increased nursing and premedical students’ awareness of varying communication styles and their potential impact on interprofessional communication and practice. A self-assessment tool was administered before, immediately after, and 1 month after the workshop. Significant increases in familiarity working on interprofessional teams, identifying different communication styles, and ability to apply communication strategies were found immediately after and 1 month after the workshop.
Conceptualizing Post Intensive Care Syndrome in Children—The PICS-p Framework*
Authors: Manning Joseph C. , Pinto Neethi P. , Rennick Janet E. , Colville Gillian , Curley Martha A. Q.
Published: February 2018

Context:

Over the past several decades, advances in pediatric critical care have saved many lives. As such, contemporary care has broadened its focus to also include minimizing morbidity. Post Intensive Care Syndrome, also known as “PICS,” is a group of cognitive, physical, and mental health impairments that commonly occur in patients after ICU discharge. Post Intensive Care Syndrome has been well-conceptualized in the adult population but not in children.

Objective:

To develop a conceptual framework describing Post Intensive Care Syndrome in pediatrics that includes aspects of the experience that are unique to children and their families.

Data Synthesis:

The Post Intensive Care Syndrome in pediatrics (PICS-p) framework highlights the importance of baseline status, organ system maturation, psychosocial development, the interdependence of family, and trajectories of health recovery that can potentially impact a child’s life for decades.

Conclusion:

Post Intensive Care Syndrome in pediatrics will help illuminate the phenomena of surviving childhood critical illness and guide outcomes measurement in the field. Empirical studies are now required to validate and refine this framework, and to subsequently develop a set of core outcomes for this population. With explication of Post Intensive Care Syndrome in pediatrics, the discipline of pediatric critical care will then be in a stronger position to map out recovery after pediatric critical illness and to evaluate interventions designed to mitigate risk for poor outcomes with the goal of optimizing child and family health.
Cerebral Oxygen Metabolism Before and After RBC Transfusion in Infants Following Major Surgical Procedures
Authors: Neunhoeffer Felix , Hofbeck Michael , Schuhmann Martin Ulrich , Fuchs Jörg , Schlensak Christian , Esslinger Martin , Gerbig Ines , Icheva Vanya , Heimberg Ellen , Kumpf Matthias , Michel Jörg
Published: February 2018

Objective:

Although infants following major surgery frequently require RBC transfusions, there is still controversy concerning the best definition for requirement of transfusion in the individual patient. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of RBC transfusion on cerebral oxygen metabolism in noncardiac and cardiac postsurgical infants.

Design:

Prospective observational cohort study.

Setting:

Pediatric critical care unit of a tertiary referral center.

Patients:

Fifty-eight infants (15 after pediatric surgery and 43 after cardiac surgery) with anemia requiring RBC transfusion were included.

Interventions:

RBC transfusion.

Measurements and Main Results:

We measured noninvasively regional cerebral oxygen saturation and microperfusion (relative cerebral blood flow) using tissue spectrometry and laser Doppler flowmetry before and after RBC transfusion. Cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction and approximated cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen were calculated. Fifty-eight RBC transfusions in 58 patients were monitored (15 after general surgery, 24 after cardiac surgery resulting in acyanotic biventricular physiology and 19 in functionally univentricular hearts including hypoplastic left heart following neonatal palliation). The posttransfusion hemoglobin concentrations increased significantly (9.7 g/dL vs 12.8 g/dL; 9.7 g/dL vs 13.8 g/dL; 13.1 g/dL vs 15.6 g/dL; p < 0.001, respectively). Posttransfusion cerebral oxygen saturation was significantly higher than pretransfusion (61% [51–78] vs 72% [59–89]; p < 0.001; 58% [35–77] vs 71% [57–88]; p < 0.001; 51% [37–61] vs 58% [42–73]; p = 0.007). Cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction decreased posttransfusion significantly 0.37 (0.16–0.47) and 0.27 (0.07–039), p = 0.002; 0.40 (0.2–0.62) vs 0.26 (0.11–0.57), p = 0.001; 0.42 (0.23–0.52) vs 0.32 (0.1–0.42), p = 0.017. Cerebral blood flow and approximated cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen showed no significant change during the observation period. The increase in cerebral oxygen saturation and the decrease in cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction were most pronounced in patients after cardiac surgery with a pretransfusion cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction greater than or equal to 0.4.

Conclusion:

Following RBC transfusion, cerebral oxygen saturation increases and cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction decreases. The data suggest that cerebral oxygenation in postoperative infants with cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction greater than or equal to 0.4 may be at risk in instable hemodynamic or respiratory situations.
Life-Threatening Accidental Intravenous Epinephrine Overdose in a 12-Year-Old Boy
Authors: André Maya Caroline , Hammer Jürg
Published: February 2018

Reports on accidental intravenous epinephrine overdose in children are extremely rare, although medication errors in the management of pediatric anaphylaxis seem to be frequent. We report a case of a 12-year-old boy presenting with a long-lasting skin rash and dyspnea who was incorrectly diagnosed with early anaphylactic shock and was treated with 10-fold the recommended dose administered by the wrong route (intravenous instead of intramuscular). He reacted with acute loss of consciousness and acute cardiorespiratory failure due to arterial hypotension, ischemic heart failure, and severe pulmonary edema. He responded rapidly to mechanical ventilation, treatment with diuretics, and low-dose inotropes and recovered without sequelae. Despite this ultimately favorable outcome, we report this case to remind the scientific community that inadvertent and accidental epinephrine overdosing is probably an underrecognized event, which can result in potentially lethal complications. Heightening the awareness of the personnel, implementing safety precautions for the dosage and the route of administration, stocking of prefilled intramuscular dose syringes for emergency use in anaphylaxis and, ideally, introducing a standardized drug order form should reduce potential risks and facilitate proper and optimal treatment for all acutely ill children.
Intoxication From Accidental Marijuana Ingestion in Pediatric Patients: What May Lie Ahead
Authors: Boadu Osei , Gombolay Grace Y. , Caviness Verne S. , El Saleeby Chadi M.
Published: February 2018

Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug. In young children, there are relatively few reports in the literature of acute marijuana intoxication. Here, we describe the case of a previously healthy 2-year-old girl who presented with clinical seizures. A urine toxicology screen showed elevated levels of tetrahydrocannabinol. The source of the drug was not identified. After a short stay in the hospital, the patient fully recovered with only supportive measures. In this report, we also summarize all domestic and international cases of marijuana intoxication in children younger than 6 years, in conjunction with the number of exposures in children of similar age identified by the US National Poison Data System. This report highlights what is becoming a more common problem. As cannabis continues to be decriminalized across the United States with its increasingly diverse modes of delivery, the potential for accidental exposure in infants and young children also rises. Clinicians should now routinely consider marijuana intoxication in children who present with acute neurological abnormalities.
The Use of Chest Computed Tomographic Angiography in Blunt Trauma Pediatric Population
Authors: Hasadia Rabea , DuBose Joseph , Peleg Kobi , Stephenson Jacob , Givon Adi ,   Israel Trauma Group, Kessel Boris
Published: February 2018

Introduction

Blunt chest trauma in children is common. Although rare, associated major thoracic vascular injuries (TVIs) are lethal potential sequelae of these mechanisms. The preferred study for definitive diagnosis of TVI in stable patients is computed tomographic angiography imaging of the chest. This imaging modality is, however, associated with high doses of ionizing radiation that represent significant carcinogenic risk for pediatric patients. The aim of the present investigation was to define the incidence of TVI among blunt pediatric trauma patients in an effort to better elucidate the usefulness of computed tomographic angiography use in this population.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted including all blunt pediatric (age < 14 y) trauma victims registered in Israeli National Trauma Registry maintained by Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research between the years 1997 and 2015. Data collected included age, sex, mechanism of injury, Glasgow Coma Scale, Injury Severity Score, and incidence of chest named vessel injuries. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS statistical software version 9.2 (SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC).

Results

Among 433,325 blunt trauma victims, 119,821patients were younger than 14 years. Twelve (0.0001%, 12/119821) of these children were diagnosed with TVI. The most common mechanism in this group was pedestrian hit by a car. Mortality was 41.7% (5/12).

Conclusions

Thoracic vascular injury is exceptionally rare among pediatric blunt trauma victims but does contribute to the high morbidity and mortality seen with blunt chest trauma. Computed tomographic angiography, with its associated radiation exposure risk, should not be used as a standard tool after trauma in injured children. Clinical protocols are needed in this population to minimize radiation risk while allowing prompt identification of life-threatening injuries.
Evaluation of Predictors of Mortality Associated With Childhood Heart Failure in Nigeria
Authors: Sadoh Wilson E. , Okperi Blessing , Ikhurionan Paul , Monday Promise , Sadoh Ayebo E.
Published: February 2018

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictors of mortality in childhood heart failure (HF) in 2 tertiary hospitals.

Methods

A 51-month retrospective review of case notes of children with HF admitted into children's emergency rooms of 2 tertiary centers in Southern Nigeria was done. Bio-data and certain sociodemographic variables including mortality were abstracted. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done to evaluate the predictors of mortality in HF.

Results

The case notes of 289 children were analyzed, consisting of 153 males (52.9%) and 142 infants (49.1%). Lower respiratory tract infections, 121 (41.9%), were the commonest causes of HF. Twenty-eight children (9.7%) died. In multivariate analyses, only late presentation (P < 0.0001) was an independent predictor of mortality in HF.

Conclusion

Education of the populace about early presentation to hospital is imperative to prevent unnecessary deaths associated with HF.
Comparison of Different Scoring Systems in the Assessment of Estrogen Receptor Status for Predicting Prognosis in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Wang Yue , Ma Xiaolong , Wang Yuxiang , Liu Yan , Liu Congrong
Published: February 2018

The objective of this article is to compare the effectiveness of various estrogen receptor (ER) scoring systems for predicting prognosis in endometrial cancer (EC). We retrospectively analyzed 195 cases of primary EC with complete follow-up information. Three different methods—the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) criterion, histochemistry score (H-score), and Allred scoring system—were used to assess the degree of staining, and comparisons were made to determine which method correlated best with clinical outcomes. The ASCO/CAP criterion, H-score (cutoff value, 51–300), and Allred (cutoff value, 4–8) scoring systems showed high concordance in the following aspects: the ER status was significantly associated with subtype (type I vs. type II EC), newly recommended histologic type (grade 1–2, type I vs. grade 3, type I+type II EC), progesterone receptor status, overall survival, and cancer-specific survival in EC patients. Considering International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, lymphovascular space invasion, and lymph node metastasis, the ASCO/CAP criterion significantly exceeded the other 2 scoring systems. Furthermore, cases judged as ER positive by the ASCO/CAP criterion, but ER negative by the other 2 scoring systems, displayed similarly favorable outcomes to those cases that were consistently admitted as ER positive by all 3 scoring systems. The ASCO/CAP criterion was superior to both H-score and Allred score in terms of predictive and prognostic values. This easy, simple, and highly efficient criterion should be recommended for routine assessment of ER in EC patients.
Socioeconomic Position and Age-Related Disparities in Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Within the Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Hackman Daniel A. , Kuan Dora C-H. , Manuck Stephen B. , Gianaros Peter J.
Published: February 2018

Objective

Socioeconomic position (SEP) is associated with cerebrovascular health and brain function, particularly in prefrontal cortex and medial temporal lobe regions that exhibit plasticity across the life course. However, it is unknown whether SEP associates with resting cerebral blood flow (CBF), an indicator of baseline brain function, in these regions in midlife, and whether the association is (a) period specific, with independent associations for childhood and adulthood SEP, or driven by life course SEP, and (b) explained by a persistent disparity, widening disparity, or the leveling of disparities with age.

Methods

To address these questions, we analyzed cerebral perfusion derived by magnetic resonance imaging in a cross-sectional study of healthy adults (N = 443) who reported on childhood and adult SEP. Main effects were examined as an index of persistent disparity and age by SEP interactions as reflecting widening or leveling disparities.

Results

Stable high SEP across the lifespan was associated with higher global CBF and regional CBF (rCBF) in inferior frontal gyrus. However, childhood SEP was associated with rCBF in middle frontal gyrus, as moderated by age (β = 0.04, p = .035): rCBF was inversely associated with age only for those whose parents had a high school education or below. No associations were observed for the hippocampus or amygdala.

Conclusions

Life course SEP associations with rCBF in prefrontal cortex are suggestive of persistent disparities, whereas the age by childhood SEP interaction suggests that childhood disadvantage relates to a widening disparity, independent of global differences. These differential patterns in midlife may relate to disparities in later-life cerebrovascular and neurocognitive outcomes.
Conceptualisation of intellectual capital in analysts’ narratives: a performative view
Authors: Abhayawansa Subhash , Aleksanyan Mark , Cuganesan Suresh
Published: February 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to test the performativity of intellectual capital (IC) from the perspective of sell-side analysts, a type of actor who consumes and creates IC information and in whose practice IC information plays a significant role.

Design/methodology/approach

The empirical component of the study comprises a narrative analysis of the text of a large corpus of sell-side analysts’ initiation coverage reports. The authors adopt Mouritsen’s (2006) performative and ostensive conceptualisations of IC as the theoretical framework.

Findings

The authors find that the identities and properties of IC elements are variable, dynamic and transformative. The relevance of IC elements in the eyes of analysts is conditional on the context, temporally contingent and bestowed indirectly. IC elements are attributed to firm value both directly, in a linear manner, and indirectly, via various non-linear interrelationships established with other IC elements, tangible capital and financial capital.

Research limitations/implications

This study challenges the conventional IC research paradigm and contributes towards a performativity-inspired conceptualisation of IC and a resultant situated model of IC in place of a predictive model.

Originality/value

This is the first study to apply a performative lens to study IC identities, roles and relationships from the perspective of a field of practice that is external to the organisation where IC is hosted. Examining IC from analysts’ perspective is important because not only can it provide an alternative perspective of IC, it also enables an understanding of analysts’ field of practice.
Activation policies in action
Authors: Coletto Diego , Guglielmi Simona
Published: February 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to understand the process that occurs within public employment offices (PEOs) and its consequences for unemployed people. Specifically, it analysed some practices needed to implement activation programmes developed in some PEO in Lombardy (Italy) and the role of front-line officers, promoting a dialogue between the literature on activation policies on one hand and the literature on street-level bureaucracy on the other.

Design/methodology/approach

The fieldwork has been conducted in Lombardy, which is one of most economically developed areas both in Italy and in Europe. The empirical research integrated quantitative and qualitative research tools; specifically a CATI survey of 994 persons; participant and non-participant observations, semi-structured interviews, and an analysis of documents in four PEOs.

Findings

The paper describes and analyses both practices needed to implement activation programmes and the perceptions of the social actors (unemployed people and front-line officers) who build and address these practices daily. Specifically, the attention is focussed on the different forms of discretion used by PEOs’ front-line officers and a mix of technical, relational and psychological support received in the PEOs. Moreover, the authors noticed that the front-line officers’ discretion seemed to be more limited in those parts of the activation process in which it should be more relevant, that is, the identification of training courses aimed at increasing unemployed workers’ skills. Notwithstanding these limits, many users expressed positive opinions of these courses, which could be explained by secondary functions of training courses.

Research limitations/implications

The qualitative portion of the fieldwork has limited generalisability because it focussed on few PEOs.

Practical implications

The findings are relevant to policy makers who deal with activation policies and to public and private organisations that implement those policies.

Originality/value

Many studies have analysed the implementation of the welfare-to-work model that has oriented the reforms of labour market activation policies in most countries, focussing on the more tangible outcomes (essentially their efficacy in terms of re-employment rates). A growing stream of recent literature has begun to place more attention on the non-economic consequences of activation programmes, focussing mainly on countries with quite a long tradition of activation policies while remaining scant in countries where the implementation of activation programmes is still fragmented and more recent (like Italy). This paper aims to begin filling this gap by improving the knowledge on some non-economic consequences of activation programmes, focussing on user-officer relations and on daily practices in PEOs.
Job search of men and women on long-term social welfare
Authors: Schels Brigitte , Bethmann Arne
Published: February 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the job search probability in welfare receipt over time for men and women in different household constellations, because it is a major concern in welfare states that long-term receipt is driven by recipients’ low job search activity.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper analyses the likelihood to search for a job for a sample of unemployed recipients of means-tested welfare benefits in Germany. Data basis is the panel study “Labour Market and Social Security” (PASS), and growth curve models are applied in this study.

Findings

Job search probability differs by household constellation and gender directly after the onset of welfare receipt; differences are less distinct for changes in job search probability over time. Only welfare recipients without children show a pronounced decline in search probability.

Practical implications

There is no evidence that welfare recipients’ overall cease to search for a job by and by. Financial incentives alone cannot stimulate the job search of welfare recipients, when the diverse motives of male and female recipients in various household constellations are not considered as well.

Originality/value

This paper is the first to study the long-term development in the job search probability and gender differences by household constellations.
How do ideas and discourses construct youth policies? The case of Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Victor , Au-Yeung Tat Chor
Published: February 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the youth narratives of Mr Leung Chun-ying, the Chief Executive (CE) of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) Government between 2012 and 2017, which steered the directions of youth policies in Hong Kong.

Design/methodology/approach

Informed by the ideational school of institutionalism, a qualitative documentary study was conducted to analyse the policy addresses, speeches, and blog posts delivered by the then CE, which were all available on the website of the HKSAR Government. It was through a thematic analysis of the database that themes and sub-themes were generated for the discussion. Representative verbatim quotes are used for illustrating some of the youth policy ideas and discourses promoted under the Leung’s regime.

Findings

The findings suggest that the governing youth narratives could be categorised into two interrelated themes: behavioural patriotism and economic opportunism. The notions of youth development constructed in the narratives of Leung shape the definition of youth-related problems and solutions in relation to national identity and global competition.

Research limitations/implications

This study focusses on the previous term of HKSAR Government that cannot fully reveal the extent of policy continuities and changes. Yet, it could outline the overall picture and address the shortcomings of Hong Kong’s current youth policies viewed from both normative and cognitive perspectives. Methodological and analytical implications can be drawn for further studies on policy ideas and discourses.

Originality/value

The paper has two major contributions; the first of which is the illustration of an analytical framework connecting contents, tools, and justification of policies for capturing the dynamics and complexities of youth policies. Second, the findings of this study develop a critical understanding of neoliberal youth policies in both economic and moral senses that pose new challenges to young people and policy makers.
Performance characteristics of two-axial groove journal bearing for different groove angles
Authors: Kadam K.R. , Banwait S.S.
Published: February 2018

Purpose

Different groove angles are used to study performance characteristics of two-axial groove journal bearing. In this study two grooves are located at ±90º to the load line. The various angles of grooves have been taken as 10° to 40° in the interval of 5°. Different equations such as Reynolds equation, three-dimensional energy equation and heat conduction equation have been solved using finite element method and finite difference method. Pressure distribution in fluid is found by using Reynolds equation. The three-dimensional energy equation is used for temperature distribution in the fluid film and bush. One-dimensional heat conduction equation is used for finding temperature in axial direction for journal. There is a very small effect of groove angle on film thickness, eccentricity ratio and pressure. There is a drastic change in attitude angle and side flow. Result shows that there is maximum power loss at large groove angle. So the smaller groove angle is recommended for two-axial groove journal bearing.

Design/methodology/approach

The finite element method is used for solving Reynolds equation for pressure distribution in fluid. The finite difference method is adopted for finding temperature distribution in bush, fluid and journal.

Findings

Pressure distribution in fluid is found out. Temperature distribution in bush, fluid and journal is found out. There is a very small effect of groove angle on film thickness, eccentricity ratio and pressure.

Research limitations/implications

The groove angle used is from 10 to 40 degree. The power loss is more when angle of groove increases, so smaller groove angle is recommended for this study.

Practical implications

The location of groove angle predicts the distribution of pressure and temperature in journal bearing. It will show the performance characteristics. ±90° angle we will prefer that will get before manufacturing of bearing.

Social implications

Due to this study, we will get predict how the pressure and temperature distribute in the journal. It will give the running condition of bearing as to at what speed and load we will get the maximum temperature and pressure in the bearing.

Originality/value

The finite element method is used for solving the Reynolds equation. Three-dimensional energy equation is solved using the finite difference method. Heat conduction equation is also solved for journal. The C language is used. The code is developed in C language. There are different equations which depend on each other. The temperature is dependent on pressure viscosity of fluid, etc. so C code is preferred.
Correlation of base oil viscosity in grease with vibration severity of damaged rolling bearings
Authors: Jamadar Imran Moulaalli , Vakharia Dipakkumar
Published: February 2018

Purpose

The main objective of the paper is to explore the theoretical correlation of base oil viscosity in grease and to study the effect of grease grade on mechanical vibrations associated with the damaged rolling bearings.

Design/methodology/approach

For theoretical purposes, formulation theory of dimensional analysis was implemented. Experiments were then performed on the test bearings lubricated with three different types of greases, namely, SKF LGHP2, SKF LGMT3 and SKF LGWA2.

Findings

The numerical results obtained from the theoretical model along with the results of experiments show that the vibration amplitudes of the defective bearings come down to a lower level when it is lubricated with the grease of a higher base oil viscosity.

Research limitations/implications

The promising results from the theoretical model make it usable for the practical rotating machineries applying a variety of the rolling bearings. Consequently, if the bearing is not severely damaged, its performance can be increased by lubricating it with thicker grease.

Originality/value

Despite many significant contributions in the field to detect the presence of defects, not many studies have been performed that relate the lubrication condition of the rolling bearings with the vibration response, because around 50-75% of the bearing failures are attributed to be lubrication related. Hence, there is need to develop a mathematical model that can correlate the vibration severity of the bearings with viscosity of the lubricant oil in the greases along with other design and operating parameters.
A theoretical study for the influence of the combined defect on radial vibrations of a ball bearing
Authors: Liu Jing , Shi Zhifeng , Shao Yimin
Published: February 2018

Purpose

Combined defects in ball bearings may be caused during the use or manufacturing process, which can significantly affect their vibration characteristics. The previous defect models in the literature can only describe single defects such as the surface waviness and localized defect. This paper aims to propose an in-depth understanding of radial vibrations of a ball bearing with the combined defect.

Design/methodology/approach

A dynamic model for a ball bearing with the combined defect including the surface waviness and localized defect on its races is proposed. The effects of the combined defect sizes on the radial bearing vibrations are investigated. The results from the proposed model considering the combined defect are compared with the available results from the previous methods considering the single defects.

Findings

The acceleration amplitude is significantly affected by the surface waviness, localized defect and the combined defect on its races. The effect of the combined defect on the acceleration amplitude is larger than that of the single defect. The amplitude and peak frequency of the spectrum of acceleration for the combined defect increases with the defect sizes. The RMS value of the accelerations for the combined defect increases with the combined defect sizes.

Originality/value

Consequently, the proposed model can predict more accurate and in-depth understanding of the radial vibrations caused by the combined defect in the ball bearing.
Alternative calculation on transient elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication
Authors: Zhu Shaocheng , Zhang Weihua , Nelias Daniel
Published: February 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to propose a new method to solve transient elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) problem.

Design/methodology/approach

First, the steady-state EHL solution is modified so that the elastic deformation theory is combined with oil film stiffness distribution instead of steady-state Reynolds equation. Second, subsequent dynamic EHL procedure develops, recursively using transient distributed oil film stiffness and damping, where each time-marching solution is iteratively searched by ensuring both oil film force growth and elastic deformation update for each load increment.

Findings

This method increases calculation speed and provides both distributed EHL stiffness and damping for transient regimes.

Originality/value

This method is of interest for fast applications such as rolling bearings or gears.
Modeling and optimization of nonlinear support stiffness of hydrostatic ram under the impact of cutting force
Authors: Wang Yumo , Liu Zhifeng , Cai Ligang , Cheng Qiang
Published: February 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to study the nonlinear supporting performance of hydrostatic ram under the impact of cutting force and search for an optimal solution to improve its stiffness.

Design/methodology/approach

The Reynolds equation was applied to resolve the carrying capability of a single oil pad numerically, and an iteration method was used to analyze the nonlinear supporting force and stiffness of a pair of oil pads placed face-to-face. The total offset of ram could be obtained after the displacement of aspectant oil pads was solved by the bisection method. From the comparison of the offset values of ram evaluated under different support conditions, the optimal solution was determined.

Findings

In this study, an optimized oil supply allocation, concluded as 1.16:0.84, is proposed to improve the performance of hydrostatic ram supporting structure.

Originality/value

The supporting performance of hydrostatic ram could be improved by appropriate allocation of oil supply without extra energy consumption.
Banking, insurance and economic growth in India
Authors: Kaushal Shrutikeerti , Ghosh Amlan
Published: February 2018

Purpose

Understanding the role of financial intermediaries towards financial development and thereby the growth of an economy, this study aims to examine the long-run relationship between the development of banking and insurance sector and economic growth in India by covering different regimes including the regulated and the liberalized period.

Design/methodology/approach

For examining the long-run relationship between these sectors, the study uses VAR-VECM technique. Further, Granger causality test is used to check if there is the presence of any causal link among these sectors.

Findings

The findings clearly indicate long-run relationship between economic growth and the development of banking and insurance sector, while the causality results show demand following relationship in the complete period where there is bi-directional causality in the post-liberalized period from insurance to economic growth.

Research limitations/implications

As banking development is not found to support economic growth, this raises serious concerns towards the complex role of banks as against theory and demands further analysis to understand their role in an economy.

Practical implications

As causality pattern has changed from demand following to bi-directional causality, it is vital to understand the importance of liberalization towards the economic growth of the country as well as the contribution of insurance sector towards economic growth in the liberalized environment.

Originality/value

This is the first effort to empirically explore the relationship between economic growth and the development of banking and insurance sector in India by covering the complete period (regulated and liberalized).
A policymaker’s dilemma: real linkages or irrational behaviors?
Authors: Emin Dogus
Published: February 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to test whether the latest global financial crisis propagated contagiously from the USA to the rest of the world.

Design/methodology/approach

If the reason of the propagation of a crisis is a normal time interdependence with the crisis origin country due to real linkages, the spread of crisis can be limited by implementing well-defined preventive policies. On the other hand, if a crisis propagates because of the speculative attacks or irrational behaviors, the “national policymakers will face difficulties in protecting their markets from such a crisis” (Kleimeier et al., 2003, p. 2). Therefore, separation of contagion and interdependence may provide crucial insights for policymakers to implement appropriate policies to prevent and/or stop the financial crisis. Hence, this paper compares the heteroscedasticity-corrected conditional correlations and dynamic conditional correlations in the tranquil and shock periods.

Findings

The findings were quite straightforward and consistent for both Forbes and Rigobon heteroscedasticity correction technique and dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) model. The Forbes and Rigobon technique failed to reject the null of no contagion for 25 countries in our data sample, while the DCC model failed to reject the null of no contagion for 21 countries. While heteroscedasticity-corrected correlation technique confirmed the presence of a contagion for six countries, the DCC technique confirmed the presence of a contagion for ten countries.

Originality/value

This study particularly investigates whether the subprime mortgage crisis spilled over contagiously to the rest of the world. To investigate whether there is a significant increase in the cross-market correlations between the crisis origin country, the USA and the rest of the world markets during the latest financial crisis, both heteroscedasticity-corrected correlation technique and DCC model are used.Therefore, this study possibly contributes well to the literature using a large country set and conducting the analysis from different angles for important properties.
Designing learning spaces for management education: a mixed methods research approach
Authors: Alstete Jeffrey W. , Beutell Nicholas J.
Published: February 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to focus on connecting recent conceptualizations of learning space design in management education by examining interior building and classroom design.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used mixed methods research: external benchmarking with same industry institutions (n=5) and two surveys of students (n=131) and faculty members (n=38).

Findings

The process helped to envision how a business school could improve by adapting design aspects from industry peers, understanding the needs of students and faculty, and incorporating new teaching methods and instructional technologies to inform learning space solutions.

Research limitations/implications

The small number of external benchmarking partners may make the findings more applicable to the institutional type examined. Yet, the findings and the mixed methods research have implications for learning space design more broadly.

Practical implications

With the business school building boom, the external architecture of new buildings appears to garner much of the attention. However, the researchers believe that the real impact of new business schools is the centrality of interior learning space design and technology.

Originality/value

This paper uses a mixed methods research approach to examine learning space theory and research in relation to a particular business school’s efforts to use this knowledge to design learning spaces in a new building.