bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE FROM THE BALTIC STATES TO UKRAINE AT THE BEGINNING OF RUSSIA’S FULL-SCALE WAR AGAINST UKRAINE (February – May 2022)
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Sukhobokova Olga
Published: August 2022

The publication is devoted to a review of humanitarian aid to Ukraine provided by the Baltic States in the first three months of the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war (February 24 – May 2022). Coverage of this topic is explained by the fact that it is important to record and analyze the support of Ukraine by Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. They, as well as Poland, were the first in the European Union start to provide assistance to Ukraine. Humanitarian assistance to Ukraine by the Baltic countries is considered in the article in the context and against the background of active political support, protection of Ukraine’s interests in the international arena, lobbying for the provision of military-technical assistance by the EU and NATO countries. They consider Ukraine not just a victim of Russian aggression. They see Ukraine as a country that is fighting not only for its sovereignty and territorial integrity in the war with Russia, but also for defending Europe and the entire Western world. This caused unprecedented support for Ukraine by the Baltic states. The study found that humanitarian aid to Ukraine is provided by the Baltic States at several levels: state (through state authorities at the expense of the state budget), regional and local (individual regions and cities independently provide assistance to Ukraine, its communities, cities or regions), at the level of charitable and public organizations and initiatives through the collection of donations from citizens. The assistance provided at each of these levels is illustrated by specific examples. It has been determined that during the first three months of the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war, hundreds of tons of humanitarian goods have already been delivered to Ukraine from the Baltic states through cooperation with Ukrainian authorities and public and charitable organizations. This assistance came to most regions of Ukraine – to areas affected by hostilities and temporary occupation, and to regions receiving internally displaced persons. At the same time, each of the Baltic states accepted tens of thousands of Ukrainian refugees, providing for their material, psychological and cultural needs.
The Development of Problem-Based Learning E-Modules on Correspondence Materials
Authors: Firdaus Rahmawati , Pahlevi Triesninda
Published: August 2022

Abstrak: Riset ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar berupa E-modul berbasis Problem Based Learning (PBL) pada materi persuratan untuk membantu proses pembelajaran di SMKN Mojoagung kelas X OTKP. Riset ini menggunakan R&D dengan model 4D yaitu Define, Design,  Develop, tetapi tidak sampai Disseminate karena..keterbatasan waktu dan biaya. Teknik analisis data menggunakan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Terdapat 20 responden yaitu siswa kelas X OTKP 3. Produk dari riset pengembangan ini diuji oleh ahli materi, media, dan bahasa. Dari hasil validasi diketahui bahwa kelayakan materi dari validasi ahli materi sebesar 90 persen, validasi ahli grafis 96,3 persen, dan validasi ahli bahasa 80 persen. Dari hasil validasi ketiga validator tersebut diperoleh rata-rata sebesar 88,7 persen dengan kategori sangat layak. Hasil respons siswa memperoleh rata-rata sebesar 78,8 persen dengan kategori positif di mana dapat dinyatakan bahwa E-modul  ini dapat digunakan untuk menunjang pembelajaran materi persuratan.Abstract:  This research aims to develop teaching materials in the form of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) E-modules on correspondence materials to assist the learning process at SMKN Mojoagung class X OTKP. This research uses R&D with a 4D model, namely Define, Design, Develop, but did not reach Disseminate due to time and cost limitations. Data analysis techniques use quantitative and qualitative. Twenty respondents, namely students of class X OTKP 3, participated in the study. The product of this research was validated by materials, media, and language experts. The results reveal that the feasibility of the product from the materials expert was 90 percent; from graphic expert was 96.3 percent; and from linguist expert was 80 percent. From these results, it obtains an average of 88.7 percent with a very decent category. The results of student responses obtain an average of 78.8 percent with a positive category. So, it is concluded that this E-module can be used to support learning correspondence materials.
Online Learning Evaluation of Mathematics Using the CIPP Model
Authors: Prisuna Bayu Fitra
Published: August 2022

Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis serta mengevaluasi pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring khususnya pada mata pelajaran matematika dengan menerapkan salah satu model evaluasi yaitu model CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product). Adapun pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian evaluasi. Sumber data penelitian terdiri dari data primer, yaitu berupa catatan-catatan hasil wawancara kepada beberapa informan yang dianggap kredibel dalam memberikan data. Serta didapatkan dari hasil observasi langsung terhadap kegiatan belajar mengajar. Jenis instrumen dalam penelitian ini berupa pedoman wawancara, lembar observasi, serta dokumentasi. Berdasarkan paparan data maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ditinjau pada bagian pelaksanaan pembelajaran cukup efektif antara lain beban kerja guru, jumlah rombongan belajar, serta pengelolaan kelas yang lengkap dan terorganisasi dengan baik. Adapun temuan yang perlu di evaluasi antara lain manajemen waktu belajar yang kurang optimal guna tercapainya tujuan belajar. Selain itu, pada tahap penilaian yang merupakan bagian dari pembelajaran belum tepat sasaran. Abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the implementation of online learning, especially in mathematics by applying one of the evaluation models, namely the CIPP model (Context, Input, Process, Product). The approach in this research is qualitative with the type of evaluation research. The research data sources consist of primary data, namely in the form of notes from interviews with several informants who are considered credible in providing data. And obtained from direct observation of teaching and learning activities. The types of instruments in this study were interview guides, observation sheets, and documentation. Based on the data exposure, it can be concluded that in terms of the implementation of the learning process, it is quite effective, including the teacher's workload, the number of study groups, as well as complete and well-organized class management. The findings that need to be evaluated include less than optimal learning time management in order to achieve learning objectives. In addition, at the assessment stage, which is part of the learning process, it is not right on target.
Pengembangan Media Video Podcast Pada Pembelajaran Sejarah Kelas XI Materi Pendudukan Bangsa Jepang Di Indonesia
Authors: Aziz Rajif Rizqy , Degeng I Nyoman Sudana , Soepriyanto Yerry
Published: August 2022

This development and research is aimed at producing video podcast media products with the latest innovations for the learning process of Indonesian history, material on the Japanese population in Indonesia, which these media products are a complement to the learning process. By using Research and Development (R&D), this research and development refers to the Lee & Owen model. By using the stages, namely analysis, design, development and implementation. And the results of the due diligence have been tested by media experts, material experts, and students with good positive responses. So it can be concluded that the video podcast media product is suitable for use in the learning process in class XI SMA 2 Muhammadiyah Singaraja. As high as this video podcast media is the latest innovation in class and improves student learning.
Implementation of Sharia Audit: Perception of Sharia Accounting Students
Authors: Mubtadi Novendi Arkham , Adinugraha Hendri Hermawan
Published: August 2022

This study aims to explore how students’ perceptions of the application of sharia audits are seen from the issues of the sharia audit framework, the scope of sharia audits, sharia auditor qualifications, and the independence of sharia auditors. The research used survey study methods to obtain qualitative and quantitative data through a descriptive approach, and the data sources were primary data. The population and sample in this study were the 32 Sharia Accounting Students from the Faculty of Islamic Economic and Business, Islamic State Institute of Pekalongan, who took Auditing Concentration (Class of 2018), the data collection method used was a questionnaire. The results of the study concluded that: (1) sharia accounting students have a positive perception of sharia audits viewed from the aspect of the sharia audit framework; (2) students have a positive perception of relating to the perception of sharia audit seen from the aspect of the scope of sharia audits; (3) sharia accounting student have a positive perception of sharia audits viewed from the aspect of sharia auditor qualifications; (4) sharia accounting students have a very positive perception of sharia audits seen from the aspect of sharia auditor independence. Sharia accounting students have a positive perception of sharia auditing from the aspects of the sharia audit framework, the scope of sharia auditing, and the qualifications of sharia auditors, as well as very positive perceptions of the aspects of the independence of sharia auditors.
Zakātābility from the Salary of Muslim Civil Servants in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Salihu Liman Mairafi  , Yahaya Sulaiman , Maishanu Aliyu Muhammad
Published: August 2022

This research aims to create awareness among Muslim civil servants that they can pay zakāt from their savings with the cooperative society. Muslim civil servants who joined cooperative societies in their various places of work, their salary every month and from the source used to be deducted and kept under the custody of the cooperative society. Some save a huge amount of money and leave it alone until retirement, but unfortunately, when the money reaches the prescribed scale (niṣāb) for zakat, many are unaware of giving the right of Allāh to the beneficiaries. The methodology used in this work was library-based and interviews with the relevant stakeholders. This work is significant in the sense that it would educate those who are not aware of paying zakāt from their salary that accumulates under the care and trust of cooperative society, and also the researchers can use it as reference material. In conclusion, it encourages Muslim civil servants to always seek knowledge about their money and pay the zakāt. The findings revealed that the management of the Islamic cooperative society used to inform members when their funds were due for zakāt. No matter what, we recommend that zakāt should be paid.
THE IMAGE OF THE FUTURE IN THE PROGRAMS OF NON-PARLIAMENTARY POLITICAL PARTIES AT THE ELECTIONS TO THE STATE DUMA OF THE VIIITH CONVOCATION
Authors: Zhichkin Valerii V.
Published: August 2022

Aim. To analyze the election programs of non-parliamentary political parties regarding the frequency and effectiveness of using the image of the future as an electoral technique. Research objectives are to establish whether the use of the image of the future is a common tool in the programs of non-parliamentary political parties in the elections to the State Duma of the VIIIth convocation, as well as to find out how effective the use of the image of the future is in the conditions of the formed state strategy for the medium and long term.

Methodology. The analysis of the programs of the political parties "Yabloko", "Russian Party of Freedom and Justice", "Motherland", "Pensioners Party", "New People" (at the time of the elections it was a non-parliamentary party), "Communist Party “Communists of Russia”", "Green", "Green Alternative", "Civil Platform" as well as the manifesto of the party "Growth", which was used by the party as an election program. The author uses the methods of studying documents, content analysis, and a comparative method. The methodological basis of the work is the source study analysis.

Results. It has been established that the majority of non-parliamentary parties have refused to directly declare the image of the future in their programs, and those parties that include the image of the future in the election program use it as a populist method of attracting the electorate, which is an ineffective tool in the conditions of the formed state strategy.

Research implications of the article include the analysis of the effectiveness of such an electoral device as the image of the future in the election program on the basis of the most relevant program documents, which in practice makes it possible to classify this electoral device as ineffective for non-parliamentary parties.
Impacts of Mining Activity in the Canton Ponce Enríquez, Province of Azuay, 2010-2020
Authors: Parra Delgado Holguer
Published: August 2022

The mining operations present within the jurisdiction of the Camilo Ponce Enríquez canton are of varied scale, artisanal mining, small mining and medium mining, creating interrelations with the Environment. The analysis characterizes the activity in a technical, economic and environmental way, as well as identifies and assesses the alteration of this extractive sector with the environment, together with the analysis of the environment and the characterization of the resource. The impact / aptitude model and the capacity of reception of the territory are proposed in the face of metallic and non-metallic mining exploitation, it is necessary, based on a territorial diagnosis carried out by public institutions of the local and national government within the scope of their competences, to carry out the balance between the vulnerability and the potential of the territory for such activity. In this study, 5 evaluation components are established, through a shared methodology of some authors by disaggregating the components or dimensions of natural value, subdividing the element as many times as is convenient, with the participation of a panel of experts who assesses the importance and value. natural value of the territorial units present, obtaining the natural value or conservation value of the territory.
Ana Buriano: una académica entre el exilio y la Historia del Tiempo Presente
Authors: Dutrénit Bielous Silvia Elena
Published: August 2022

El texto transcribe la charla inaugural del Coloquio Anual de Historia: UN HOMENAJE A ANA BURIANO. En estas páginas se narran facetas de la vida y obra de la homenajeada. Se Hace referencia a sus múltiples experiencias de exilio y a su papel como mujer comprometida con los derechos humanos. Se recupera especialmente su contribución a la Historia del Tiempo Presente en temas de su historia vivida, tales como los golpes de Estado, el exilio, las controversias en la Corte Interamericana de los Derechos Humanos. Finalmente, las referencias bibliográficas ilustran sobre algunos títulos de su obra historiográfica.
Metodología de la enseñanza del lenguaje y la redacción en espacios universitarios. Entrevista a Lenin Pantoja Torres
Authors: Delgado Del Aguila Jesús Miguel
Published: August 2022

Lenin Pantoja Torres nació el 11 de diciembre de 1988 en Lima (Perú). Ha realizado estudios literarios en pregrado y posgrado en la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Cuenta con un máster en Innovación Pedagógica y Gestión de Centros Educativos por EUCIM Business School de España. Asimismo, es magíster en Educación con mención en Políticas y Gestión de la Educación por la Universidad de San Martín de Porres (Lima, Perú). Con respecto al ámbito laboral, se ha desempeñado como tutor y docente de Lenguaje en la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), institución en la que laboró por más de siete años y aprendió unas óptimas técnicas de redacción.
Covid-19 Pandemic as Alibi for Less Vigorous Pursuit of Government Developmental Programmes in Nigeria: A Case Study Of Cross River State
Authors: Ozumba Lily Nnenna , Enang Agnes Ubana , Idiege Adie Hilary , Abaroh Jideofor James
Published: August 2022

Government have in the past embarked on many infrastructural programmes such as building of roads, hospitals, health centers in the rural areas, schools, etc for its citizens. A lot of projects have been carried out in the past years, there are institutions formed to carter for the implementation of such programmes, institutions like NEMA to check disasters, repair of roads, collapse buildings etc. NDDC was formed to take  care of roads in the South East but many of these programmes and institutions have not fared well in recent years because of corruption. Take for instance in the channels news of Tuesdays 16/6/2020 the new NDDC Director revealed how projects awarded to contractors in the past were all not carried out, funds meant for those purposes were all embezzled into private pockets. With the coming of Covid 19, governments have now found cover to say Covid 19 has attacked all revenue sources and so cannot carry out projects in the country. This is the burden of this work.  Is it true that it is Covid 19 that halted the success of programme implementation in Nigeria? This is what this paper is out to ascertain.
A Reverence for Time: Mindful Approaches to Land-based Travel Calculations
Authors: Stonehouse Paul , Furman Nate
Published: August 2022

How long will it take to get from “Point A” to “Point B”? Estimating the answer to this question is essential for outdoor leaders to accurately and safely manage their outdoor adventure education course. By being able to carefully estimate the amount of time needed to travel a particular route, over the course of a day or an entire expedition, outdoor leaders will be able to avoid unnecessary risk and provide ample time for other curricula and experiences. This paper describes several land-based travel calculation methods (including the less known Munter system recently added to www.caltopo.com’smapping functionality), and notes why they are essential for leading successful outdoor expeditions. Along the way the paper articulates the pedagogical relevance of time calculation models to leadership curriculum and anticipates critiques related to the “McDonaldization” of outdoor adventure education.
The influence of socio-demographic variables on teachers’ job performance
Authors: Kotherja Ortenca , Hamzallari Blerina
Published: August 2022

Performance is a concept that indicates the importance of work. The purpose of this article is to highlight the influence of socio-demographic characteristics on teachers’ job performance. This study is conducted in the pre-university system. In this study, the quantitative method is used and the empirical data were collected using questionnaires. The main findings of the study show that there are no significant differences in the relationship between demographic factors, such as seniority in education and experience in education. There is, however, a meaningful relationship between performance and education level where teachers teach and the area (rural/urban) where they teach. It is suggested that there is a need for more studies, trainings or focus groups, which would help to identify the factors that have an impact on teachers’ job performance.

 

Keywords: Education; performance; socio-demographic factors; teacher; workplace
Formation of the professional status of teachers on the basis of a synergetic approach to the organisation of methodological work
Authors: Kabulovna Issabekova Аinash , Altayevna Turgunbayeva Botagul , Kamalovich Katenov Amangeldy
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this research is to receive teacher opinions on the formation of the professional status of teachers on the basis of a synergistic approach to the organisation of methodological work. This research was created in accordance with the qualitative research method. The study group of the research consisted of 40 primary schoolteachers working in various primary schools in Almaty, Kazakhstan, in the 2021–2022 academic year. The data of the research were collected with a semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers. As a result of the research, the majority of primary schoolteachers participating in the research stated that teachers’ behaviour in accordance with the ethical principles of the profession, providing a qualified teaching education, transforming them into a profession with high economic returns and improving their personal rights are factors that positively affect the status of the teaching profession. The majority of primary schoolteachers participating in the research evaluated the low economic return of the profession, the insufficient personal rights of the profession, the lack of appreciation of the teacher in the education system and the high expectation from the teacher as factors that negatively affect the status of the teaching profession. The majority of primary schoolteachers participating in the research determined that developing the reorganisation of teacher training policies, providing professional motivation in-service trainings for teachers, creating a sharing platform for teachers and working to improve the perception of society in a positive way are suggestions for the formation of the professional status of teachers on the basis of a synergetic approach to the organisation of methodological work.

 

Keywords: Occupational status, teaching profession, teacher opinions;
Formation of future teachers’ ability to organise educational activities on the basis of pedagogical tasks
Authors: Kastayev Serik , Berkimbayev Kamalbek , Ibragim Kairat , Jumagulova Gulnara , Tusseyev Mukhamejan
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this research is to determine the ability of future teachers to organise educational activities on the basis of pedagogical tasks. This research was designed in accordance with the quantitative research method. The study group of the research consists of 448 teacher candidates studying in education faculties of various universities in Kazakhstan in the 2021–2022 academic year. As the data collection tool of the research, the scale of the ability to organise educational activities on the basis of pedagogical tasks was developed by the researchers. As a result of the research, it has been determined that pre-service teachers’ ability to organise educational activities on the basis of pedagogical tasks has a medium level of proficiency in the fields of pedagogical content knowledge and organising educational activities. It is seen that there is no significant difference regarding the ability of the teacher candidates participating in the research to organise educational activities on the basis of pedagogical tasks according to the variables of gender and the department they study in. However, it is seen that there is a significant difference regarding the ability of the teacher candidates participating in the research to organise educational activities on the basis of pedagogical tasks according to the class variable. The significant difference determined that it is in favour of pre-service teachers studying in the third and fourth year. In line with the results of the research, it has become necessary to increase the course content in teacher training programmes in order to improve the formation of teacher candidates’ ability to organise educational activities on the basis of pedagogical tasks.

 

Keywords: Future teachers, pedagogical tasks, educational activities;
Personas adultas mayores y salud bio-psico-social: análisis de las experiencias profesionales, de formación, e investigación en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19.
Authors: Fócil-González Leticia , González F. José R. , Gonzalez-Focil Roberto Carlos
Published: August 2022

A través de una revisión de la literatura académica/científica, se analizan los principales fenómenos documentados sobre la salud bio-psico-social de las personas adultas mayores durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Se hace énfasis en los principales retos, intervenciones y propuestas, en particular las que provienen del ejercicio profesional y de la formación de profesionales de la salud.
The material and economic assessment of the life cycle of city buses in the operational phase
Authors: Regulski Paweł
Published: August 2022

The aim of the article is the material and economic assessment of the life cycle of city buses with com-bustion engines. As part of the analysis, the analyzed parameters were optimized using neural networks with the use of a regression model. As part of the life cycle assessment criteria, three types of Solaris Urbino buses were analyzed. As a result of the research carried out for buses, the results were obtained regarding the optimal duration of operation, the number and cost of oil, air and fuel filter changes, and the replacement period of buses. The presented research and analyzes have a significant impact on the processes of purchasing and operating city buses.
THE EXPERIENCE OF THE CONTRASTING OF PERIPHERAL NERVES STRUCTURES FOR APPLIED ANATOMICAL RESEARCHES
Authors: Nisht Aleksey Yu.
Published: August 2022

Applied anatomical studies of the structure and topography of peripheral nerves and experimental surgical interventions on them using laboratory animals are an important stage in the development of new and improvement of existing methods of reconstructive microsurgery of the peripheral nervous system. The aim of this work was to find effective methods for contrasting the structure of peripheral nerves for precision morphological studies and topographic and anatomical substantiation of intra-truncal reconstructive interventions on the nerves. On the anatomical material, which included 18 by usual formaldehyde techniques fixed upper limbs of human corpses and 10 non-fixed corpses of laboratory rabbits, methods of contrasting the main structures of the nerve trunks were tested. The key techniques were the sub-perineural and sub-epineural injection of a photocontrast mixture and the installation of an X-ray contrast marker in the nerve trunk to study the features of the nerve trunk skeletotopy at different levels in an integral block of tissues without preparation. The developed method allowed expanding the possibilities of precision topographic and anatomical studies and qualitatively improving the demonstrativeness of preparations. The best results of injection of individual perineural sheaths were observed when using non-fixed anatomical material. On fixed and weakly fixed material, injections of a tinting composition under the external epineurium contributed to an increase in the quality of anatomical research methods, which is especially important when studying the intrastem microtopography of the nerve trunk bundles. The introduction of the thinnest metal conductor into the nerves through the opened perineural bundle with subsequent x-ray examination of preparations, based on our experience, is a technically feasible and demonstrative method for studying the topography of the nerve trunks, including methods for assessing the degree of their displacement at various positions of the limb segments. Thus, the developed method for contrasting peripheral nervous structures expand the possibilities of applied morphological studies of their intrastem topography, and the use of non-fixed anatomical material makes it possible to perform contrasting of individual perineural sheaths with liquid formulations.
THE MORPHOLOGY OF CHOROID PLEXUSES OF RATS’ BRAIN’S VENTRICLES AT THE FIRST YEAR OF THE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Fokanova Ol'ga A. , Korablyova Tat'yana V. , Vyropaev Arkady A.
Published: August 2022

Choroid plexuses of brain ventricles play a special role in the functioning of various brain structures and the formation of cerebrospinal fluid. Through the cerebrospinal fluid, biological, immunological, protective functions are realized. Any deficiency in its production in laboratory animals leads to malnutrition of the brain and spinal cord and impaired adaptive behavior. From this point of view, the study of the features of the structural organization of the choroid plexuses of the ventricles of the brain in laboratory animals in the age aspect seems relevant. The objects of the study were 134 white Wistar rats of different ages - 3, 10, 28 days and 5, 8, 12 months of postnatal development. A histological morphometric study of the choroid plexuses of the ventricles of the brain was carried out. To assess the age-related dynamics of the volume of the cerebral ventricles, sections were selected in which their cross-sectional area was maximum, the values ​​of the indicator were determined on digitized microphotographs with a fourfold increase by tracing the boundaries of the ventricles of subsequent calculations in the Image J morphometric computer program. Determination of volumetric fractions of the choroid plexuses in the ventricles of the brain was carried out stereologically on serial sections using an eyepiece grid with 60 equidistant intersection nodes at a magnification of 400 times. The results of the study indicate that after birth, the choroid plexuses of the ventricles of the brain of Wistar rats develop as an integral tissue system, the most intense changes were noted in the lateral ventricles during the first month of life of the animals. The lateral ventricles are characterized by an accelerated growth in size, outstripping the rate of development of the choroid plexuses. According to the calculations, the increase in the volume of the choroid plexus is largely due to the growth of blood vessels and connective tissue. In the III and IV ventricles, a similar trend is traced, but this process is less pronounced. Since the choroid plexuses are a source of cerebrospinal fluid formation, the revealed quantitative patterns indicate the age-related involution of the ventricles of the brain, which possibly leads to a decrease in the functional activity of their choroid plexuses and impaired cerebrospinal fluid dynamics.
THE LATE DIAGNOSIS OF DANON DISEASE: THE MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAMP2-CARDIOMYOPATHY (CASE REPORT)
Authors: Motina Natal'ya V. , Veselovskaya Nadezhda G. , Kostyuchenko Gennady I. , Chumakova Galina A. , Ott Anna V. , Motin Yuri G.
Published: August 2022

Danons disease is a rare and difficult-to-diagnose X-linked hereditary disease caused by a deficiency of lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 or LAMP2. The main clinical symptoms include myocardial damage with the development of hypertrophic LAMP2 cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, and intellectual impairment. The disease is characterized by a rapidly progressive course, which requires dynamic monitoring of patients. The most significant adverse prognostic factor and the main cause of death is the development of cardiomyopathy. But lysosomal accumulation of glycogen in cardiomyocytes often remains unrecognized as the cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The aim of the study was to conduct a clinical and morphological analysis of a case of late diagnosis of LAMP2 cardiomyopathy in a 44-year-old female patient. We used data from the medical history, the results of intravital laboratory and instrumental studies, qualitative and quantitative morphological studies of endomyocardial biopsy. The results of the study present clinical signs, the results of a morphological study at the light-optical and electronic microscopic levels, and show the features of the structural rearrangement of cardiomyocytes. The formation of multilamellar myelin-like structures under the sarcolemma of cardiomyocytes was found. There were signs of cell damage - significant uneven vacuolization of the sarcoplasm with the detection of fragments of PAS-positive content in individual vacuoles, distortion of cardiomyocytes. There was a disappearance of transverse striation and local violations of the integrity of the sarcolemma. The interstitium was characterized by loose lymphomononuclear infiltration with an admixture of single segmented leukocytes, edema, and small-focal sclerosis, predominantly of the perimuscular type. In the elements of the microvasculature at the light-optical level, signs of endothelial activation were observed. Based on the combination of clinical and anamnestic data, the results of molecular genetic, morphological studies, a metabolic cause of myocardial hypertrophy, previously not clinically recognized, was established with a morphological picture of LAMP2 cardiomyopathy - Danon disease, and an appropriate diagnosis was made. The authors present a rare case of late detection of Danon disease (LAMP2-cardiomyopathy) with the accumulation of autophagocytic material, glycogen in the sarcoplasm of cardiomyocytes, and the formation of osmiophilic myelin-like structures. The presented clinical case clearly demonstrates the practical significance of ultrastructural pathological examination of endomyocardial biopsy to determine the true form of metabolic hypertrophy and assess the degree of morphological myocardial rearrangement.
THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM – A NEW LOOK AT OLD PROBLEMS
Authors: Markova Valeriya I.
Published: August 2022

The lack of adequate methods for the simultaneous detection of lymphatic and blood microvessels in hollow organs does not make it possible to determine the morphological basis of lymph formation and lymph dynamics. In the relevant scientific literature, information about of the structural organization of the lymphatic system, obtained using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, does not provide exhaustive answers to the currently controversial and unresolved issues of the structural organization of the lymphatic microcirculatory bed. The purpose of the study is to presenting data on the organization of the initial lymphatic channel, obtained on the basis of the use of original impregnation methods. Studies were conducted on cats (n=17) and dogs (n=11). The microvascular bed of the intestine and epicardium was identified along with the surrounding tissues by impregnation. On histological preparations, endothelial trabeculae were identified in the lumen of non-muscular lymphatic microvessels of different diameters in the muscular layer and in the submucosa of the intestine. In the muscular layer of the intestinal wall, numerous interstitial channels were found that communicated with open lymphatic capillaries. In the submucosa of the intestinal wall of experimental animals, in addition to the classic capillaries that begin closedly, previously unknown structures were identified - open perivasal lymphatic microvessels and open lymphatic capillaries flowing into them. In the lumen of the perivasal lymphatics are arterioles or arteries. Lymphatic capillaries were in various functional states, which indicates their active peristalsis and suction capacity, which characterize them as utilizers of «biological debris». As a result of the conducted studies, new objective data on the structural organization of the initial lymphatic bed in hollow organs were obtained. The authors showed that the vasomotor activity of the initial lymphatics can serve as a morphological basis for the hypothesis of the initial lymphatic cycle, which consists of a resorption phase and an expulsion phase. The hydrostatic pressure drops in the lumen arising from such a two-phase vasomotor activity of the lymphatics indicate their important role in the process of lymph formation and lymph circulation.
Perception of Clinicians about Diagnostic Radiological Errors in the University of Science and Technology Hospital, Sana'a - Yemen
Authors: Aklan Hameed M
Published: August 2022

Objective: To identify the magnitude and causes of radiological errors as perceived by resident and consultant clinicians in the University of Science and Technology (UST)Hospital, Sana’a -Yemen.Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was used to assess the magnitude and causes of radiological errors. It was distributed among all clinicians in UST Hospital.Results: Of 40 residents and consultants from the UST Hospital invited to participate in the present study, 52.5%agreed to join the study. Of them, 81.0% reported the notice of diagnostic radiological errors during their daily practice,wherethe majority of daily noticed errors (64.7%) were in the range of1–10 diagnostic errors. More than half of radiological errors were reported in the interpretation of ultrasound, and abdomen was described as being the most frequent body part with diagnostic radiological errors (65.0%). The respondent clinicians thought that poor communication between radiologists and clinicians was the most frequent cause of diagnostic errors, being reported by29.0% of clinicians.However, 24.0% and 19.0% of clinicians attributed errors to the lack of experience and knowledge of radiologists, respectively.Conclusions: Errors in radiological diagnosis are still common in Yemen. Establishing a good healthcare system with a proper communication between the radiologists and clinicians is critical to identify and minimize these errors. Peer review and hands-on training are important for newly joined radiologists.
Underlying Primary Causes of Chronic Renal Failure: A Three-Year Study in Al-Thawra General Hospital, Sana'a, Yemen
Authors: Nassar Mogahid Y. , Al-Shamahy Hassan A. , Al-Samawi Abdullah S. , Abu Asba Nagieb W. , El-Nono Ibrahiem H. , Masood Haitham A.
Published: August 2022

Objective: To estimate the underlying primary diseases of chronic renal failure (CRF) among patients attending Al-Thawra General Hospital, Sana'a, and Yemen.Methods: This was a cross-sectional, hospital-based study of 566 patients diagnosed with chronic kidney diseases (CKD). It studied the cases attending Al-Thawra General Hospital over a three‐year period from January 2013 to December 2015.Results: Out of 566 patients, 339 (59.9%) were males. The mean age of the patients at diagnosis of CKD was 39.51 years, most of whom (36.6%) were of the age group of 21–35 years. Hypertension was the most frequent cause (43.2%) of CRF, followed by different infectious diseases such as malaria, schistosomiasis and bacterial infections (19%) and obstructive nephropathy (17.9%). On the other hand, CRF of unknown etiology represented 15.2% of cases. Other causes of CRF diabetic nephropathy (9.7%), effect of antibiotics and analgesics (7.0%), ischemic heart disease (4.8%, polycystic kidney disease (3.5%) and congenital anomalies (3.4%). The least common causes were autoimmune diseases, bleeding, traumatic accidents and chronic diarrhea, being responsible for 2.2%, 1.8%, 0.9% and 0.4% of CRF cases, respectively.Conclusions: The majority of CKD cases in our study were males aged between 21 and 35 years old. In addition, most cases of CKD are due to hypertension, followed by infections and obstructive nephropathy. Application of future prevention and control measures are highly recommended to reduce the burden of CRF in Yemen for early detection and proper management of its underlying primary conditions/diseases.
Cervical Cytological Findings among Women Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Sana’a, Yemen
Authors: Al-Mikhlafy Abdullah Abdu , Abdulaziz Maha , Shamsher Amani
Published: August 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency and pattern of abnormal cervical smear findings among women attending the University of Science and Technology Hospital (USTH) in Sana'a city.

Methods: This study is a retrospective, cross-sectional study. Records of women examined by conventional Pap smears in the Histopathology Laboratory of USTH over a 4-year period (from January 2013 to December 2016) were retrieved and analyzed for abnormalities according to the Bethesda system.

Results: Of 688 cases, 599 with satisfactory records were analyzed. The mean age of the cases was 39.18±10.23 years (range: 19–75). Epithelial cell abnormalities (ECAs) were found in 47 cases (7.8%), and these were categorized as follows: ASCUS in 4.5% (27/599) of cases followed by atypical glandular cells (AGC) (2.2%; 13/599) and LSIL (0.5%; 3/599), while ASCH and HSIL abnormalities were equally observed among 0.3% (2/599 each) of cases. Of patients positive Pap smear findings, ASCUS was the most frequent type of ECA (57.4%; 27/47) followed by AGC (27.7%; 13/47) and LSIL (6.4%; 3/47), while ASCH and HSIL were the least frequent ECAs among Yemeni patients. ECAs were significantly more prevalent among women aged >40 years (10.8%) compared with those aged <40 years (5.5%).

Conclusions: Cervical cytological abnormalities are not uncommon among women in Yemen, where the AGC is frequent among about a third of women with abnormal Pap smear findings and affects women of different ages. This requires more attention and training of doctors to master good sample taking, preparation and diagnosis with a focus on glandular changes.
Prevalence of Nocturnal Enuresis among Schoolchildren in Sana’a City, Yemen
Authors: Al-Zubairi Lutf M. , Al-Emad Adel A. , Bin Mohanna Mabrook , Al-Bada’ani Tawfik H.
Published: August 2022

Objective: To estimate the prevalence, frequency and time of nocturnal enuresis (NE) among primary schoolchildren in Sana’a city, Yemen.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study was conducted among 2689 schoolchildren in the primary schools of four randomly selected districts in Sana’a city in the period from September 2012 to December 2013. Data about sociodemographic characteristics, frequency, time, psycho-social effects and the factors possibly associated with NE among children were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire and analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.

Results: The overall prevalence of NE was 11.2%, which was significantly higher among males than females (13.0% vs. 10.0%, respectively; P = 0.044) and decreased significantly with increasing age (P <0.001). More than half of children (55.3%) in Sana’a city had the habits of drinking excess fluids and tea at night and/or deep sleeping. Of physical and health disorders, difficulty in breathing and urinary tract infections were the two most frequent conditions among children with NE, being observed among 29.6% and 23.9% of cases, respectively. However, urogenital anomalies and mental retardation were the least frequent conditions in children with NE, being observed among 5.8% and 1.3% of cases, respectively. On the other hand, marital problems (24.8%) and arrival of a new baby (17.9%) were the most frequently observed social conditions among children with NE, while death in the family (8.5%) and parental separation (6.0%) were the least frequently observed conditions.

Conclusions: NE is prevalent among 11.2% of schoolchildren in Sana’a city with a significantly higher, though slight, rate among males. This rate is lower than the rates reported from Aden and Mukalla cities in the country and from Saudi Arabia and Turkey. However, it is higher than those reported from Iran and Malaysia. About a third of children experience nightly NE, whereas the lowest proportion of children experience NE twice a month. The habits of drinking excess fluid and tea at night and/or deep sleeping, the disorders of difficulty in breathing and urinary tract infections and the social conditions of marital problems and arrival of a new baby are the most frequent observations among children with NE in Sana’a city.
Fascioliasis in Yemen: A Long Track of Neglect despite Reports of Existence
Authors: Abdul-Ghani Rashad
Published: August 2022

Fascioliasis is one of the most neglected tropical diseases in Yemen and is viewed as a zoonotic disease of sporadic nature. However, recent reports of human cases, well-documented published literature on animal and human fascioliasis and environmental evidence on the contamination of freshly eaten vegetables necessitate understanding of the disease eco-epidemiology in the country. To improve case detection in clinical settings, laboratory technicians should be trained well on the detection of Fasciola species. From an epidemiologic perspective, serosurveys for anti-Fasciola antibodies are recommended to map the distribution of infection among communities in suspected geographic areas. In parallel, the burden of animal fascioliasis and environmental contamination of freshly eaten vegetables and water should also be assessed. On the other hand, freshwater bodies should be surveyed for potential snail hosts. In fact, it may be premature to discuss the prevention and control strategies while the epidemiologic status of fascioliasis in the country is still unclear.

Keywords: Fasciola, Neglected tropical disease, Yemen
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Medical Residents towards Healthcare Ethics in the Islamic Hospital, Jordan
Authors: Abdulrazeq Fayez , Al-Maamari Abdulwahab , Ameen Walaa , Ameen Alaa
Published: August 2022

Objective: To assess the baseline knowledge, attitudes and practices of medical residents in the Islamic Hospital in Amman, Jordan towards healthcare ethics.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 111 medical residents in the Islamic Hospital in the period from February to April 2017. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, and Pearson’s chi-square test was used to test the statistical significance of differences between male and female medical residents at P values <0.05.

Results: The majority of the respondent medical residents (76.6%) were aware of the content of the Hippocratic Oath. Ethical dilemmas at some point during clinical practice were reported by 68.0% of medical residents; however, only 6.3% reported encountering such dilemmas on a daily basis. Books, lectures and Media were the most frequent sources used by medical residents for learning about healthcare ethics, while supervisors, chiefs of residents and heads of departments were the most frequently preferred for consultation on both ethical and legal problems. The majority (91%) of respondents showed an interest in learning healthcare ethics. However, gaps in knowledge and negative attitudes were observed. Statistically significant differences between male and female residents were found in the issues related to paternalism in case of disagreement with patients/ families, seeking consent for surgeries but not for tests or medications as well as disclosure of tuberculosis-positive status.  

Conclusions: There are some gaps in knowledge and negative attitudes towards healthcare ethics among medical residents, where some residents are even unaware of the content of the Hippocratic Oath. Because a substantial proportion of medical residents encounter ethical problems at some point during their clinical practice, there is a necessity to incorporate ethics education into medical curricula, which should be directed at practical real-world dilemmas. Future physicians must learn how to adhere to the four basic principles of healthcare ethics (autonomy, beneficence, justice and nonmaleficence) early in their career.

Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Medical resident, Ethics, Jordan.