bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Judicial Boundaries: Understanding the Scope of Military Courts in the Pakistani Legal Framework
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Amjad Sohail , Khan Muhammad Imran
Published: November 2023

In this article, we will analyze the criminal justice system of Pakistan. This article will provide insight into the system, what guarantees are provided by it, and what are the shortcomings of the system. Furthermore, we will see the role of Anti-Terrorism Courts in convicting the terrorists. In Pakistan's criminal justice system, there are several instruments to deal with terrorism. The criminal procedure code is the basic procedural law that is applied to almost all criminal proceedings. Pakistan penal code is the basic substantive law that contains the definition of the offenses and then also prescribes punishments for them. Since Pakistan has been facing the sedition of terrorism for a long time, it has developed a specific instrument for terrorism that supplements the criminal procedure code and Pakistan penal code. The Anti-terrorism Act of 1997 and the special courts formed under this Act are the specific instruments developed for counting terrorism. Further, the Protection of Pakistan Act and the 21st Constitutional Amendment are all the measures taken in the same regard to eliminate and eradicate terrorism. Before establishing military courts, Pakistan already had a proper judicial system to try the terrorists. Although questions can be raised regarding the performance of the courts, it cannot be denied that proper laws and courts were there before.
Cluster Analysis Menggunakan Algoritma Fuzzy K-Means Untuk Tingkat Pengangguran Di Provinsi Riau
Authors: Sarbaini Sarbaini , Saputri Windylia , Nazaruddin  , Muttakin Fitriani
Published: November 2023

Pengangguran merupakan permasalahan yang pasti dihadapi oleh suatu negara, terutama negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Riau merupakan salah satu provinsi di Indonesia yang tingkat penganggurannya mengalami kenaikan atau penurunan setiap tahunnya. Pada tahun 2019 Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) di provinsi Riau sebesar 5,76%, pada tahun 2020 meningkat menjadi 6,32% dan pada tahun 2021 menurun menjadi 4,42%. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengurangi tingkat pengangguran di provinsi Riau dengan cara mengelompokkan kabupaten/kota yang ada di provinsi Riau sehingga mengetahui di mana wilayah yang memiliki tingkat pengangguran tinggi dan wilayah yang memiliki tingkat pengangguran rendah supaya pemerintah dapat memberikan solusi pada wilayah dengan tingkat pengangguran tinggi. Metode Fuzzy K-Means dapat membantu menentukan clustering tingkat pengangguran di provinsi Riau berdasarkan indikator tingkat pengangguran khususnya Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT), Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja (TPAK), Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 12 kabupaten/kota di provinsi Riau terbagi menjadi dua cluster yaitu cluster tingkat pengangguran tinggi dan cluster tingkat pengangguran rendah, cluster dengan tingkat pengangguran tinggi terdapat 6 wilayah dan tingkat pengangguran rendah terdapat 6 wilayah.
 
Kata kunci: Clustering, Fuzzy K-Means, Data Mining.
A Review of Current State of Bioprinting Technology
Authors: Aydin Levent
Published: November 2023

The field of bioprinting has witnessed remarkable advancements in recent years, revolutionizing the fabrication of biological tissues and organs for research, pharmaceutical testing, and potential clinical applications. This progress is attributed to the development of diverse bioprinting technologies, ranging from low-cost models utilizing microextrusion-based technology to high-end systems employing droplet-based and laser-assisted techniques. These technologies offer varying levels of precision, build volume, and material compatibility, catering to a wide spectrum of research needs. Notably, microfluidic-based bioprinting has emerged as a transformative approach, enabling fast, continuous switching and mixing of materials, achieving nearly single-cell printing resolution. Moreover, support-free multiaxial printing and high-resolution printing using focused light have shown promise in enhancing geometric complexity and cell viability. The integration of modular print heads and the potential for in situ bioprinting are poised to further expand the capabilities of bioprinting technologies. Despite these advancements, current bioprinting systems exhibit certain limitations, including constraints in motion axes, printing volume, and material compatibility. Addressing these challenges will be crucial in realizing the full potential of bioprinting for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. This review provides valuable insights into the diverse range of bioprinting methods, systems and their collective potential to advance tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Comparative Analysis of Psychometric Properties of Irrational Belief Scale of Anxiety Patients
Authors:   , M.Phil. Scholar, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan, Saleem Ambreen , Malik Bushra , Fatima Iram ,   , Department of Psychology, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
Published: November 2023

The term irrational is basically used in psychotherapy. The concept of irrationality is especially focused in Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) that is originated and developed by American Psychologist Albert Ellis. In this research it was first examined that how emotional intelligence plays a vital role in different anxiety disorders and how this emotional intelligence disturbs individual’s life. There are few researches conducted on emotional intelligence in Pakistan. The sample comprised of 200 patient’s males (n=105), females (n=95) with age range from 18 years older. The sample of study was collected by convenient sampling technique from different government hospitals of Islamabad, Rawalpindi and Wah Cantt. The patients were diagnosed by the psychiatrist and researcher herself according to the diagnostic criteria given by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (APA, 2000). Participants of both genders were included. Emotional intelligence was measured through trait emotional intelligence questionnaire short form (TEIQue-SF), irrational beliefs were measured through irrational belief scale (IBS) and anxiety was measured by Beck anxiety inventory (BAI). It was concluded that emotional intelligence has significant negative relationship with irrational beliefs and anxiety in patients with anxiety disorders. Irrational beliefs have non-significant positive relation with anxiety in patients with anxiety disorders.
Developing A Solid Termite Bait Matrix and Conducting Efficacy Trials Under Lab and Semi Field Conditions
Authors:   Department of Entomology, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Iqbal Muhammad Wajeeh , Iqbal Toheed , Irfan Muhammad , Hamad Qaisar , Khaliq Umaima , Mujeeb Abdul , Ahmad Azaz , Un Nabi Ejaz
Published: November 2023

The study on development of solid termite bait matrix and its efficacy against the Heterotermes indicola was performed in Peshawar, during 2023. The study was performed with completely randomized design (CRD) with different treatments i.e., developed bait, patent bait, popular wood and blotting paper. Each treatment was replicated three times. The laboratory experiment consisted of no-choice, free choice and aggregation test. While the semi-field experiment consisted of free choice test. During the no-choice test of the laboratory experiment, H. indicola showed a consumption rate of 6.29% for the popular wood and developed bait. However, in the blotting paper treatment, the termites consumed only 2.81%. In terms of choice test conducted in the lab, the popular wood exhibited the highest weight consumption percentage of 2.87%, while the patent bait displayed the lowest weight consumption percentage of 2.25%. Under the choice test maximum number of termites were attracted towards popular wood (77.00 Number of termites) while minimum number of termites were attracted towards patent bait (54.66 Number of termites). Whereas, in aggregation test, of the lab experiment, maximum number of termites were also aggregated towards popular wood (37.77 Number of termites) while minimum termites were aggregated for patent bait (25.22 Number of termites). In the case of free choice under semi-field conditions, the highest number of termites were observed on popular wood i.e., 380.00 followed by the developed bait, which recorded 293.50 termites. On the other hand, the lowest number of termites were recorded on the patent bait i.e., 231.50. Similarly, when considering the maximum consumed weight in percentage, popular wood exhibited the highest value at 16.24%, closely followed by the developed bait at 15.67% while the patent bait displayed minimum consumed weight percentage of 12.89%. In overall experiments it is concluded that among all the tested treatments, termites mostly consumed popular wood and developed bait. Since the developed bait showed promising results in attracting termites, it is recommended to continue refining its formulation. Conduct additional research to identify the key components or additives that enhance its attractiveness and consumption by termites. This optimization process can help maximize the effectiveness of the bait as a termite control strategy. Adding more popular wood saw dust in the bait may achieve more significant and desired results and can also prove to be cost efficient rather than adding more cellulosic material.
Adequate and sustainable social security for all: responses in a new context
Authors: Schremmer Jens
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Social security in old age is one of the fundamental human rights. The current global tendency in population aging forces one to search for new, innovative solutions that will ensure that future pension schemes will be tailored to the generational needs and will fulfill the conditions to ensure a decent life for the elderly.Objective: The aim of this paper is to analyze the context of current efforts to ensure adequate pension scheme levels and to summarize possible solutions of this problem.Materials and methods: The author describes the demographic situation and social security in different areas of the world, focusing on a case study and analyzing existing data from international opinions.Results: Social security reforms must take full account of how social security schemes can support people particularly at risk in poverty in their working lives. It’s essential for social security to be flexible and adaptable to current life cycle patterns and individual needs.
Effects of surface hardening on hardness and tensile strength of locally manufactured feed mill hammers
Authors: Ampomah Michael A. , Akowuah Joseph O. , Aveyire Joseph , Arthur Emmanuel K. , Stark Charles , Amanor Ishmael N. , Wandusim David A.
Published: November 2023

Animal feed is a major production cost of raising livestock and accounts for about 65 - 68 % of the total production cost, mainly ingredients and processing costs. During feed manufacturing, a hammermill is required for the grinding process to produce quality feed. However, the absence of durable hammers on the local market in Ghana and the high cost of imported hammers compels feed producers to resort to locally manufactured hammers which wear fast due to poor quality of the material. This study considers the application of two surface hardening techniques: (i) carburizing (charcoal and Barium Carbonate (BaCO3) as activator) and (ii) carbonitriding (charcoal, NPK fertilizer as a nitrogen source and Barium Chloride (BaCl2) as activator) in combination with three different quenching media (water, air and oil), to improve the material properties of locally produced hammermill hammers. The surface hardening experiments were performed at 900 oC for 3 h after which the samples were quenched. Tempering was performed afterwards at 160 oC for 1 h. Carbonitriding and water quenching treatment had the best effect on hardness and tensile strength of all the treatments. It yielded the highest surface hardness and tensile strength of 410.06 HV and 768.79 MPa, respectively, representing about a 218 % increase in hardness and a 47 % increase in tensile strength compared to the control sample, which were 128.92 HV and 522.41 MPa, respectively. The result implies hammers produced with this carbonitriding surface hardening and water quenched technique would have improved hardness and wear resistance compared to untreated hammers.
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DA TUBERCULOSE NO MUNICÍPIO DE ITUMBIARA – GO
Authors: Graça Junior Carlos Eduardo , Aires Neto Antônio Amaro , Silva Eduardo Pereira , Da Silva Lauany Évellin Pires , Santos Ana Carolina de Brito , Issa Caroline Franco , Lage Letícia Tupinambá
Published: November 2023

Introdução: A tuberculose (TB) é uma das dez principais causas de mortes no mundo, afetando principalmente países em desenvolvimento. No Brasil é um importante problema de saúde pública, pois está entre os 30 países de alta carga para a tuberculose e para coinfecção de TB-HIV. A pandemia do coronavírus retrocedeu muitos anos de progressos nos serviços essenciais de TB, o retrocesso sofre influência do acesso a ferramentas de diagnósticos diminuídos devido a limitação de recursos humanos e materiais disponíveis, além do estigma social associado aos doentes de TB devido à tosse como um sinal recorrente.  O objetivo do estudo consiste em discutir dados epidemiológicos relacionados à TB em Itumbiara-GO. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de natureza epidemiológica, usando abordagem quantitativa, onde a fonte de dados é secundária e de domínio público. Para a pesquisa foram utilizados dados dos indivíduos infectados pela bactéria Mycobacterium tuberculosis com diagnóstico estabelecido e registrados pela plataforma eletrônica do DATASUS, na seção de informações de saúde do Tabulador Genérico de Domínio Público (TABNET), no período de 2010 a 2022 notificados no município de Itumbiara – GO. Foram consideradas as características sociodemográficas e epidemiológicas segundo as variáveis sexo, faixa etária, escolaridade, tabagismo, Diabetes Mellitus (DM), mortalidade por TB, coinfecção TB-HIV e os desfechos do tratamento no período estudado. Resultados: Houve 153 casos confirmados, a maioria dos casos é do sexo masculino (66,0% dos casos). Além disso, há a predominância da faixa etária entre 40-59 anos quando considerados ambos os sexos (41,1% dos casos), seguido pela faixa de 20-39 anos (33,33% dos casos). Conclusão: Com este estudo, foi possível conhecer o perfil epidemiológico da tuberculose no município de Itumbiara - GO nos anos de 2010 a 2022, indicando a necessidade de metas e a intensificação de estratégias para prevenção da doença.
Rural Transformation, Occupational Choice and Poverty Reduction in Bangladesh during 2010-2016
Authors: Sen Binayak
Published: November 2023

Between 2010 and 2016, 90 per cent of the poverty reduction of Bangladesh occurred in rural areas. The gains in poverty reduction were largely driven by non-agricultural sectors (i.e., both industry and services). This paper describes the recent evolution of employment and wages in rural Bangladesh. The analysis highlights the increasing trend into non-farm employment in the rural sector and some of the factors linked to the choice of non-farm jobs. The paper relies on the Household Income and Expenditure Surveys for 2010 and 2016 with additional evidence drawn from the Labour Force Surveys. Overall, there has been a more pronounced non-farm orientation of jobs in rural areas since 2010. This process has been observed for both males and females, and for those with higher education levels. Better connectivity and microfinance are also positively linked with off-farm employment. The increase in non-farm employment was much faster in Eastern than Western divisions of the country, which can partly explain the re-emergence of the East-West divide in terms of welfare after 2010.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA A FORMAÇÃO DO LEITOR LITERÁRIO POR MEIO DO LIVRO DE IMAGEM
Authors: Cabral Gisele de Assis Carvalho , Kohle Érika Christina
Published: November 2023

This article is an excerpt from a Master's degree research, whose main objective was to understand the contribution of picture books to the formation of young readers of Children's Literature. Thus, its content contains some lines from one of the Dialogical Meetings held between the researcher and an illustrator about the gestation process of one of her works – Max Emiliano – with the intention of reading the illustrations towards a more in-depth understanding of the narrative present in the image book. To achieve this purpose, the methodology used was the analysis of a work based on dialogue with the illustrator and comparison with the theoretical framework of the philosophy of language with the thoughts of some researchers of Literature and illustrated books. As a result, teaching how to read images/illustrations at school, through Children's Literature books, contributes to the formation of readers from a young age, as it sensitively and aesthetically broadens their perspective. This process of attributing meanings to the image tends to expand throughout life as a result of each person's reading and imagery experiences and favors a more complete formation and development of the literary reader's understanding.
FUNDAMENTOS DA DISCIPLINA EPISTEMOLOGIA AXIOLÓGICA DE MARIÀ CORBÍ E A DESCONSTRUÇÃO DA EPISTEMOLOGIA MÍTICA COMO EXPRESSÃO DE SUBALTERNIDADE
Authors: Costa Milene
Published: November 2023

A presente comunicação tem como objetivo refletir aspectos importantes da disciplina da epistemológica axiológica de Marià Corbí (2020) e o abandono da epistemologia mítica como expressão de subalternidade. O advento da sociedade industrial e suas transformações sociais repercutiram na forma epistemológica de interpretar a realidade. Nessas sociedades, percebe-se certo desencontro entre os esforços para o progresso tecnológico e o desenvolvimento das relações interpessoais e coletivas, o acolhimento das diferenças e do diferente. O fenômeno provoca impactos agudos e potentes no estilo de vida individual e coletivo. Esse desencontro se percebe nos sistemas de valores representados pelas crenças religiosas, por meio de instituições que robustecem os conflitos, a violência e a permanência de convicções inconsistentes para sustentar as demandas da contemporaneidade que aponta para a solidariedade, para a ação conjunta e sustentável. Propõe-se analisar como essa reação se torna incompatível e desatualizada frente aos processos de desenvolvimento e transformação social. Nesse contexto, a disciplina da epistemológica axiológica de Marià Corbí é relevante para os debates que procuram, de forma possível, a atualização dos sistemas de crenças na contemporaneidade, pois o cenário conclama a uma realidade única, centrada em formas múltiplas e flexíveis, sem a condição de subalternidade.
NOÇÕES INTRODUTÓRIAS SOBRE OS CHAKRAS NO HINDUÍSMO
Authors: Prates Luciana Cangussu
Published: November 2023

Esta comunicação traz noções introdutórias sobre os chakras no Hinduísmo. Inicialmente, contextualiza o tema historicamente nos Yoga Upanishads, que se conectam aos Vedas e, por isso, fazem parte da tradição hindu. Em seguida, considera as escrituras do Tantra Yoga, cujos textos não se vinculam à tradição religiosa. Dando continuidade ao raciocínio, apresenta possibilidades de entendimento semântico do termo chakra, o qual se deriva do sânscrito, considerando as ideias de diferentes pesquisadores do assunto. Por fim, evidencia descrições específicas em torno dos sete chakras mais conhecidos no ocidente, a saber: Muladhara; Svadhisthana; Manipura; Anahata; Vishuddha; Ajna; Sahasrāra.
O DISPOSITIVO MÍTICO-RITUAL DO NEOXAMANISMO
Authors: Silva Ana Rosa Cloclet da , Alves Jéssica Martins
Published: November 2023

A complexidade na configuração das religiões e formas de religiosidade contemporâneas tem desafiado os pesquisadores a buscarem parâmetros interpretativos, adequados ao estudo das recomposições inéditas entre práticas e saberes tradicionais com novos conteúdos. É este o caso do neoxamanismo, cujas práticas e conteúdos simbólicos ressignificam elementos do xamanismo ameríndio, com propósitos atuais, produzindo uma realidade simbólico-ritual com intenção de cura para as patologias da mente, do corpo e da alma. Amparado no ferramental teórico de Ernesto De Martino, expoente da Escola Italiana de História das Religiões, o presente artigo busca apresentar sua operacionalidade para a compreensão das práticas neoxamânicas, a partir de dois conceitos formulados pelo autor - a “crise da presença” e o “regime protegido” -, mediante os quais se pretende compreender a eficácia de tais práticas, enquanto dispositivo simbólico-ritual, na resolução de determinadas dores da existência humana na contemporaneidade. No caso estudado, além das técnicas performáticas, serão considerados contextos ritualísticos que fazem uso da ayahuasca: substância psicoativa capaz de induzir ao estado de dissociação psíquica dos participantes e sua reconstituição em contexto simbólico.
VIOLÊNCIA, SEGUNDO RENÉ GIRARD, NOS RELATOS DE CAIM E ABEL, SACRIFÍCIO DE ISAAC E JOSÉ DO EGITO
Authors: Sbardella Ellton Luis
Published: November 2023

A Sagrada Escritura é peculiar no tratamento do tema violência, afirma René Girard (1923-2015). Segundo ele os textos bíblicos defendem as vítimas e denunciam a violência sobre elas; diferente das mitologias que justificam a perseguição e condenação das vítimas. Na Bíblia, para Girard, Deus não é aliado da violência como mostram, de início, três textos do livro de Gênesis: Caim e Abel (4, 1-24), Sacrifício de Isaac (22, 1-19), e José do Egito (37-50). O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a leitura girardiana destes textos bíblicos, que mostram o registro do assassinato fundador (Caim e Abel); o vestígio dos sacrifícios humanos (Sacrifício de Isaac) e as etapas do ciclo mimético da violência: perseguição e morte-expulsão da vítima (José do Egito). A metodologia adotada é a pesquisa bibliográfica a partir das obras de Girard que tratam sobre o tema da violência e sua interpretação bíblico-teológica, concernente aos textos citados do livro de Gênesis, com o auxílio de um comentador das obras de René Girard, dos verbetes de um dicionário bíblico e diretamente dos textos bíblicos. Concluímos que é fundamental aprofundar o conhecimento de como a Sagrada Escritura trata o tema da violência, determinante para a práxis cristã na atualidade.
Sala de Aula Invertida e Álgebra Linear:
Authors: Valadão Mônica Aparecida Cruvinel , Santiago Douglas Frederico Guimarães , Lima Thiago Parente
Published: November 2023

Os conceitos estudados na disciplina de Álgebra Linear são explorados em diferentes aplicações de outras áreas da Matemática, Engenharia, Economia, Biologia, Estatística, dentre outras. Essa interdisciplinaridade representa uma oportunidade para a utilização de metodologias ativas. Nesse sentido, a proposta deste trabalho é uma atividade estruturada no método sala de aula invertida, abordando conceitos de Álgebra Linear aplicados ao tema Cadeia de Markov e fazendo uso de tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação através do Octave. Para o desenvolvimento da atividade, procurou-se aplicar as ações sugeridas pela taxonomia de Bloom. Este trabalho pode ser utilizado como um direcionamento para docentes que se interessem pelo método sala de aula invertida.
Perspective Chapter: Microinsurance’s Quest to Protect the Unprotected, beyond the Bismarck and Beveridge Models
Authors: Mark Dror David
Published: November 2023

This chapter offers a detailed analysis of microinsurance (nowadays often called “inclusive insurance”), an innovative hybrid model combining grassroots initiatives with top-down approaches to reach populations not covered by government-operated social protection systems. With half of the global population, primarily in low and middle-income countries, lacking social protection, the chapter focuses on the potential of microinsurance to address this pressing issue. The commercial microinsurance attempts, often labeled as “insurance for the poor,” have been largely insufficient. An alternative lies in the “Collaborative and Contributive” (C&C) model of microinsurance, which harnesses social forces, typically more compelling than market forces in informal settings, to stimulate demand. The chapter evaluates microinsurance’s social and economic impacts, drawing insights from 25 years of progress. It underscores the need for policymakers, international development bankers, and the reinsurance industry to recognize the potential of the C and C model in providing comprehensive insurance to marginalized populations.
Accelerated Approaches for Cabbage Improvement
Authors: Singh Parmar Shipra , H. Ravindra Impa , Kumar Ramesh
Published: November 2023

Cabbage is widely recognized as a good source of dietary fiber, minerals, vitamins C and provitamin A carotenoids and some glucosinolates that may have a chemoprotective impact in humans. It is a highly cross-pollinated crop where heterosis in F1 hybrid progeny has been exploited for development of hybrids. The self-incompatibility and male sterility systems are present in the crop, which facilitates easy and cheaper hybrid production. Different conventional and biotechnological approaches are being utilized for the improvement of cabbage. Modern breeding approaches such as marker-assisted breeding and transgenic approaches such as Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer and through genome editing techniques, which offer a new opportunity for genetic improvement of the cabbage. The molecular markers represent a useful resource for enhancing selection efficiency via marker-assisted selection (MAS) in cabbage breeding.
The Sacralization of Violence in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo: A Predator’s Governance
Authors: Balaga Essasi Serge
Published: November 2023

The chapter takes a look at the context in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and how armed violence impacts on the security of the population. It analyzes the dynamics underlying violence and its use as a mode of governance by state and non-state actors. Through events and institutions analysis, it explains the disintegration of state legitime violence in favor of diversified predators who use armed violence as rhetoric and technic both to gain power and mode of conflict resolution in a context of lack or weakened justice system to mitigate the impact of gun violences on populations. The solution to put an end to armed violence should not only be provided by the international commitment as by the United Nations or by multilateral organizations such as the European Union or African Union security policies, but also by promoting criminal justice against predators who abuse their positions in political competition while manipulating ethnic sensitivities and favoring the strategy of violence in order to gain access to natural resources and stay in power.
Colonoscopy, Barriers, and Challenges for Colorectal Cancer Screening in Developing Countries
Authors: Linangkung Arum
Published: November 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. The incidence of CRC is rising in developing countries but decreasing in developed countries due to the widespread use of screening and surveillance colonoscopy. The implementation of screening and surveillance programs remains a challenge in developing countries, especially Indonesia. Increasing screening rates among underserved populations in Indonesia, the world’s fourth most populous country, will reduce the global burden of colorectal cancer. The need for an integrated screening program in its healthcare system will provide a successful screening program. The purpose of a screening colonoscopy is to reveal the asymptomatic population with a certain disease through the use of an effective investigation to detect and treat the disease before it advances. Screening improves the prognosis of patients and the mortality rate. Removal of neoplastic polyps such as adenomas, the precancerous lesions during colonoscopy, is the cornerstone of screening colonoscopy. The detection rate is a measure of screening colonoscopy performance quality. Technology has been used to improve detection, such as mechanical technology (Endocuff) and optical, such as magnification, endocytoscopy, virtual chromoendoscopy, and recently artificial intelligence. Indonesia is a nation that is significantly affected by CRC and will benefit from screening colonoscopy.
Indirect observation of state and transition probabilities
Authors: Gilchrist Alexei , J. Rogers Lachlan
Published: November 2023

A wide range of systems exhibit stochastic transitions between different states that may be hidden from direct observation. Nevertheless, if the states are coupled to a signal, observation of the signal can provide necessary information to infer the state and switching characteristics. Here we explore a simple hidden Markov model with an observable Poissonian distributed count signal. Determining the parameters of this system from the signal can be difficult in the high-noise regime with non-Bayesian methods. However this system yields a simple Bayesian network description, and variable independencies allow the problem to be formulated in a way that allows tractable inference of the parameters just from the time series. This is an informative demonstration of Bayesian techniques, and in particular the interplay between modelling a system and the process of inference.
A Hypothesis to Explain the Genesis of Sarcoidosis
Authors: Rosha Deepak
Published: November 2023

Sarcoidosis is a disease of immune cell dysfunction. This review serves to amalgamate the information available into a coherent hypothesis. Recent research has shown that sarcoidosis should not be considered an antigenic induced granulomatous disease alone. The contribution of activation of auto immunity also has to be recognised. The triggering antigens have been narrowed mostly to be derived from Mycobacterial tubercular proteins and Propionobacter acnes. It is possible that they may share a common particle that creates a conformational change in the receptors of Th-1 cells that drives the disease until there is switch to autoimmunity and subsequent development of fibrosis. The role of genetic and environmental factors is also reviewed in this context.
Perspective Chapter: Contemporary Challenges in Postnatal Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: A. Bawazir Amen
Published: November 2023

The postnatal phase is the first six weeks after delivery and is a critical time for mothers, newborns, and other caregivers as a highly neglected phase of a transition period. Almost all maternal and neonatal deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries, where fewer services are provided for mothers after the delivery period, which constitutes a tremendous challenge facing mothers in these countries. Barriers were markedly observed in low-and middle-income countries as a result of financial constraints, distance from the health center, poor programming for postnatal care, negative childbirth experiences, and cultural constraints. Moreover, the unproper advocacy of contraceptive use during the postpartum period impacts prolonged interpregnancy intervals and indirectly increases postpartum complications mainly in low- and middle-income countries. The importance of the quality of postnatal care was frequently addressed to answer the required interventions that should be implemented at the level of healthcare facilities, household, and community levels as part of the process of reducing the impact of postnatal complications, disabilities, and maternal mortality.
Improving the Efficiency of Rice Drying: Impact of Operational Variables on the Drying Rate and Quality of a South American Variety
Authors: Garcia-Llobodanin Laura , Billiris Alejandra
Published: November 2023

A key challenge for the rice industry during harvest is to improve the efficiency of the drying process, which involves increasing the drying rate and the head rice yield (HRY). In the present chapter, the main variables affecting the efficiency of rice drying were discussed. Then, the impact of the drying air conditions on the drying efficiency of a long-grain South American rice variety at different rice moisture contents (MC) was studied using a thin-layer lab-scale dryer. Drying at each air condition was modeled using Page’s equation. The drying rate increased as the air conditions became more extreme (higher temperature or lower relative humidity). The effect on the HRY depended on the rice MC. Therefore, a two-stage drying program was proposed using different drying air temperatures depending on rice MC. These results were applied to create a drying program for a long-grain South American variety dried in a cross-flow commercial dryer. The two programs tested increased the drying rate and one of them also increased the HRY, compared to drying at the industry operational conditions. Implementing this program would improve the efficiency of the drying process, increasing the reception capacity and the profitability of the rice obtained.
Advancements in Endobronchial Ultrasound
Authors: Johnson Latrice , Louis Clauden
Published: November 2023

Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is a diagnostic procedure that allows for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer and other lung-related diseases such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and sarcoma. The radial probe for the EBUS device was first introduced to visualize the inside of the lungs and airway structures, and identify the extent of tumor invasion in the airway and surrounding lymph nodes. The EBUS transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) is an acceptable first test in the pretreatment staging of lung cancer to appropriately understand the prognosis for curative therapies. In the future, EBUS is likely to become widely available and accessible to patients, given its low cost and minimal risk of complications compared to other diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The development of more advanced EBUS technologies, such as radial EBUS, virtual bronchoscopy, fluorescence-guided bronchoscopy, and artificial intelligence will allow for improved visualization of the lungs and adequate lymph node yield, leading to more accurate diagnoses and better treatment outcomes. In conclusion, the future of EBUS modalities combined with the additions of bronchoscopic advances is expected to further improve the accuracy and precision of the procedure while limiting morbidity, and complications, and improving clinical workflow availability in the outpatient setting.
The Impact of Tablet Device Applications on Mathematics Teaching and Learning at Secondary School Level in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aldossry Badi
Published: November 2023

There has recently been a rapid rise in the use of educational applications (apps) in teaching and learning, and they are increasingly being viewed as a necessary part of instruction. However, they are still relatively new in secondary schools in Saudi Arabia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of apps on mathematics teaching and learning in the 10th grade of secondary school. Also, this study will help higher education institutions to know about the supportive educational apps to continue using the beneficial apps and to support the needs of future teachers to be trained and improve the curriculum to keep pace with technology development in education. The interviews’ findings show the need to consider the integration of new technology carefully prior to launching projects involving a change in the educational system to avoid failure. The integration of educational apps helped the students develop their mathematics learning skills, and the teachers viewed it positively in terms of the impact on teaching mathematics concepts at the secondary school level. The study also investigated the obstacles encountered by teachers and students when using various apps and sought solutions. It highlights the implications of app use and makes recommendations.
Effect of Roasting on the Proximate Composition of Corn (Zea Mays) and Meat (Beef) Sold in Nigeria
Authors: ADELODUN Asmau Bashir
Published: November 2023

Abstract: The study shows the effect roasting has on corn (Zea mays) and meat (beef). The proximate analysis of samples was carried out using the Association of Official Analytical chemist method (AOAC, 1990). The corn and meat samples were procured from Living faith junction, Abdulrazak Street Junction, Nasarawa main market park, Angwan Power, Oversea Road junction, Opposite Tammah filling station and opposite Govt. College in Nasarawa Town. It is seen that in fresh corn samples, the moisture content is 12.50%, protein 7.00%, ash 2.20%, lipid 4.8% and carbohydrates 72.50%. While in fresh meat, the moisture content is 69.75%, protein 17.98%, ash 4.12% and fats 5.23%. The average values obtained after roasting each corn samples from each location for roasted corn; moisture content is 95.70%, protein 10.50%, ash 1.20%, lipid 2:50% and carbohydrate 71.25% and that of the roasted meat; moisture content is 65.40%, protein 19.80%, ash 1.80% and fats 2.50%. The caloric values (Kcal) of fresh corn and meat are 98.74% and 97.27% respectively. This study shows that the caloric value of fresh corn to be 98.74 and 97.27 for fresh meat, after roasting the average caloric value of the food samples were slightly reduced which shows that more calories can be gotten when the food samples are consumed fresh and less calories when consumed after roasting which is good for people undergoing weight process. From the study carried out, it can be deduced that the effect of roasting corn and meat has resulted in reduction in ash content and protein level increase. High protein levels are good for both old and young people. It is advisable to consume meat and corn in their roasted forms. In normal handling and storage of meat, the major deteriorative changes are attributed to microbial contamination and activity. Keywords: Lipid: Protein: Proximate: Composition: Nutrition: Components: Moisture: Ash Content.
МОБІЛЬНИЙ ЗАСТОСУНОК ЯК АКТУАЛЬНИЙ ЗАСІБ НАВЧАННЯ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ
Authors: Онопрієнко Оксана
Published: November 2023

Мета статті. Презентування досвіду створення контенту для мобільного застосунку як засобу навчання молодших школярів математики під час воєнного стану.
Методологія. Застосовано методи системного аналізу психологічної і педагогічної літератури, державних і нормативних документів з проблеми дослідження; індукції і дедукції, абстрагування і конкретизації, порівняння, що дали можливість розкрити методологічні та методичні засади дослідження.
Наукова новизна. Обґрунтовано необхідність розроблення навчальних матеріалів, що допоможуть організувати навчання дітей в умовах війни. Подано результати дослідження стану організації освітнього процесу в кінці 2021/2022 навчального року, які засвідчили недостатнє забезпечення учнів засобами навчання. Описано участь у міжнародному проєкті «Навчаю – не чекаю», у межах якого створено мобільний застосунок для навчання молодших школярів математики. Розкрито дидактичні принципи і методичні засади створення навчального контенту для мобільного застосунку. Подано психологічні орієнтири для розроблення матеріалів, прийнятних для онлайн навчання.
Висновки. Проведене дослідження дало змогу дійти висновку про актуальність створення цифрових ресурсів, що доповнюють звичні засоби навчання, а в умовах воєнного стану їх замінюють. Мобільний застосунок «Вивчаю – не чекаю», створений на основі дидактичних принципів і психологічних орієнтирів, в умовах воєнного стану забезпечить підтримку освітнього процесу та його неперервність. Це дозволить вчасно, достовірно й комплексно виявити динаміку розвитку молодшого школяра, сприятиме підвищенню мотивації та інтересу учнів до навчання, збагатить практику діяльності вчителя, позитивно вплине на якість освітніх послуг. Ключові слова: початкова школа; освітній процес в умовах воєнного стану; психологічні особливості молодших школярів; засоби навчання математики.
A Ineficiência do Poder Judiciário como um Fator de Estímulo ao Descumprimento dos Contratos: reflexões à luz da análise econômica do direito
Authors: Trigueiro Victor Guedes
Published: November 2023

O presente artigo busca, a partir da teoria econômica dos contratos de Cooter e Ulen, analisar se a ineficiência do Poder Judiciário pode gerar um cenário de desestímulo ao cumprimento dos contratos. Os referidos autores, ao trabalharem o tema, levam em consideração a executabilidade dos contratos perante o Poder Judiciário como um elemento persuasório importante, a garantir a expectativa positiva de seu cumprimento voluntário. No entanto, não consideraram como variável a eficiência do Poder Judiciário, que pode gerar externalidades negativas. A análise quanto a ineficiência do Judiciário será apresentada na forma de dados publicados pelo Relatório Anual Justiça em Números, do Conselho Nacional de Justiça bem como através de estudo promovido pelo Banco Mundial. Para demonstrar o pretendido, serão utilizados instrumentos teóricos inerentes a economia e a teoria dos jogos. Ao final, pretende-se apresentar soluções legislativas ou administrativas, que objetivaram promover a eficiência na prestação jurisdicional, com vistas a concretizar o direito fundamental à prestação jurisdicional célere e garantir um cenário favorável ao cumprimento dos contratos.
Immobilization of plant-derived osteopontin on bacterial cellulose membrane for bone tissue regeneration
Authors:   , Klinthoopthamrong Nichapa
Published: November 2023

Bacterial cellulose (BC) membrane is recognized as a potential material to be developed into Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR) membrane due to its sufficient mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and ease for surface functionalization. Here in this research, plant-produced osteopontin (pOPN) was selected to be immobilized on BC surface in order to promote cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation. BC membrane was first grafted with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) brushes via surface-initiated reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. pOPN was subsequently immobilized on the PAA-grafted BC via amidation reaction between carboxyl groups of PAA and amino groups of pOPN. ATR-FTIR and XPS analysis were used to verify the success of stepwise modification. Surface morphology of the modified BC was evaluated by FE-SEM and AFM techniques. pOPN immobilized on the BC membrane was quantified by ELISA assay. Biological functions of the pOPN immobilized PAA-grafted BC membrane (pOPN-BC) were tested against human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in comparison with commercial available recombinant OPN from mammalian cells (rOPN). Results from immunofluorescent staining assay, mineralization assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) subsequently suggested the potential of pOPN-BC to promote bone tissue regeneration.
Parameters affecting morphology and chemical structure of carbon black synthesized by acetylene black process
Authors:   , Laowtaweerungruang Pimchanok
Published: November 2023

Acetylene black is widely used as a composite in various applications such as electronic devices, electrode materials, pigments, polymer composites, and catalyst supports. Not only its unique property of electrical conductivity but also other properties are required for various applications. The properties of acetylene black mostly depend on its morphological and chemical structures which can be controlled by synthesis parameters or modified by pre- and post-treatment. In this work, we observe the effect of temperature, acetylene concentration, and residence time on morphological and chemical structures of synthesized acetylene black through thermal decomposition process. The results show that, at an initial state, heat energy accelerates the nucleation rate, which provides smaller particles in both of primary and aggregate forms, and induces the reaction over the heated area. Higher temperature condition contributes to the sintering between crystal edges (La) and to the elimination of organic functional groups which totally disappear over 1100 °C. Higher concentration of feedstock generates higher saturated system which drives the collision between molecules and particles. It also induces the nucleation as the effect of temperature. Then, active collisions of particles push the larger size of aggregate structure. The long residence time also expands the growth period of carbon particles which increases the sizes of primary particles, aggregates, and La. In addition, synthesis temperature acts as a key parameter in the formation of acetylene black. The acetylene concentration and residence time slightly affect the acetylene black structure.
Synthesis of transition metal-titanosilicate catalysts for benzene hydroxylation
Authors:   , Wongsuwan Pornpimol
Published: November 2023

The microporous (TS-1 and Ti-MWW) and mesoporous (Ti-MCA and Ti-SBA-15) titanosilicates with the transition metal were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal followed by impregnation method. The transition metals in this study were Ce, Cu, Fe, and V. All synthesized products were characterized the physical properties by using X-ray powder diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption, DR-UV spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). After the bimetallic catalysts modification, the porous materials still preserved structure of parent materials. Moreover, the second metal was dispersed on the surface of titanosilicate supporter which confirmed by TEM results. The catalytic activity of the prepared catalysts was evaluated in the benzene hydroxylation with hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent. Among various kind of second metals, V presented the best catalytic activity in all titanosilicate supports. The presence of V in catalyst remarkably enhanced catalytic oxidation capacity because of the increase of active site. Nature and dispersion of vanadium species as well as structure of titanosilicate support had tremendous effect on the yield of phenol product. At the optimum reaction condition of each catalyst, vanadium supported on Ti-MWW with 5 wt.% V-content showed highest catalytic performance with 14.72% yield of phenol. The three-dimensional and unique pore system of Ti-MWW made the efficient diffusion and transport of reactants resulting in high catalytic performance. The optimum condition in benzene hydroxylation was carried at benzene: H2O2 mole ratio of 1:3, 0.1 g of 5 wt.% V/Ti-MWW, acetonitrile 5.66 g, 55˚C for 3 h.
Synthesis of solketal using sulfonic aluminosilicate catalyst
Authors:   , Yaisamlee Rachatawan
Published: November 2023

The propyl sulfonic functionalized on H-beta was synthesized by grafting with 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilanegroup. Then, thiol moiety (-SH) was oxidized to sulfonic acid group (-SO₃H) using 30% (w/w) hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The synthesized catalyst was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance Spectroscopy (¹³C NMR) and acid-base titration. The catalytic activity of this catalyst was investigated for acetalization of glycerol with acetone to produce solketal. This reaction was carried out in batch reactor under solvent free condition. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was used for products characterization. The effect of various type of catalysts, reaction time, reaction temperature, reactants mole ratio and catalyst amount have been studied. The result showed that the highest glycerol conversion (90.8%) and solketal yield (89.9%) with excellent solketal selectivity (99%) were obtained by using H-beta-Pr-SO₃H as catalyst at 32°C, glycerol: acetone mole ratio of 1:10 with catalyst 2.5 wt% based on glycerol and reaction time for 1 h. The reused H-beta-Pr-SO₃H was also investigated. Moreover, the acetalization of glycerol with other ketones or aldehyde such as cyclohexanone, cyclooctanone, cyclododecanone and benzaldehyde were also studied over sulfonated catalysts (H-beta-Pr-SO₃H and MCM-41-Pr-SO₃H) and commercial catalysts (H-beta and Amberlyst-15).