bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGGUNAAN METODE KONVENSIONAL DAN METODE AUDIO VISUAL DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA KEDUA BAGI ANAK DWI KEWARGANEGARAAN
Authors: Sulistyo Chendy , Supriadi Nunung
Published: October 2021

The development of foreign language learning in Indonesia in the millennial era nowadays requires the child to speak at least two foreign languages fluently. As in the case that the researcher founded which is a dual citizenship 10 years old child studying French as his third language. The study then focuses on 1) what third language learning’s steps for a 10 years old goes through, 2) at which stage each method is properly used, and 3) what factors influence that success. The data of this research is processed quantitatively and qualitatively. This study uses Skinner’s behaviorism theory, conventional reading and audio visual learning methods. The researcher found that the two methods complement to each other in the third language learning for dual citizenship

Abstrak

Perkembangan pembelajaran bahasa asing di Indonesia pada era milenial sekarang menuntut anak dapat menguasai minimal dua bahasa asing. Kasus yang ditemukan oleh peneliti yaitu seorang anak berusia 10 tahun dengan dwi kewarganegaraan yang mempelajari bahasa Prancis sebagai bahasa kedua. Penelitian ini kemudian fokus menjawab 1) tahapan pembelajaran bahasa kedua apa saja yang dilalui anak usia 10 tahun, 2) pada tahapan yang mana setiap metode itu tepat digunakan, dan 3) faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan itu. Data penelitian ini diolah dengan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori behaviorisme Skinner, metode pembelajaran konvensional membaca dan audio visual. Peneliti menemukan bahwa kedua metode tersebut saling melengkapi dalam pembelajaran bahasa kedua bagi anak dwi kewarganegaraan
MAKNA DAN PENGGUNAAN VERBA ‘MEMBANTU’ DALAM BAHASA JEPANG SEHARI-HARI: TINJAUAN SEMANTIK
Authors: I Wayan Wahyu Cipta Widiastika
Published: October 2021

Japanese is a foreign language that has many variations of the lexicon. One of them is the lexicon variation in verbs. This study discusses the meaning and use of verb 'help' in everyday Japanese conversation. The data is in the form of sentences used by native Japanese speakers. Data collection was carried out through interviews and note taking techniques. The data were analyzed using the contextual meaning theory approach of Pateda, (2010 : 116). The result shows that there are eight variations of the verb 'help' in Japanese namely: tetsudau, tasukeru, osewa ni naru, sukuu, kyuujo suru, enjo suru, kifu suru, and ouen suru. From the analysis, the verb "tetsudau" means helping someone to complete an activity that has not been completed. The verb 'tasukeru, sukuu and kyuujo suru' means to help or save someone who is experiencing difficulty or danger. Then, the verb 'osewa ni naru' means to help someone by providing guidance, kindness or facilities. The verb 'enjo suru' means to help by making things easier. The verb "ouen suru" means to help by providing support or encouragement. And finally, the verb "kifu suru" means to help someone by giving something in the form of an object (money).

Abstrak

Bahasa Jepang merupakan salah satu bahasa asing yang mempunyai banyak variasi leksikon. Salah satunya adalah variasi leksikon dalam verba. Dalam jurnal ini membahas mengenai makna dan penggunaan verba 'membantu' dalam percakapan bahasa Jepang sehari-hari. Data dalam jurnal ini berupa kalimat-kalimat yang digunakan oleh penutur asli bahasa Jepang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan teknik catat. Data dianalisis dengan pendekatan teori makna kontekstual Pateda, (2010:116). Dari data yang telah ditemukan, verba ‘membantu’ dalam bahasa Jepang ada delapan variasi, yaitu: tetsudau, tasukeru, osewa ni naru, sukuu, kyuujo suru, enjo suru, kifu suru, dan ouen suru. Dari hasil analisis, verba ‘tetsudau’ bermakna membantu seseorang untuk menyelesaikan sesuatu aktivitas yang belum selesai. Verba ‘tasukeru, sukuu dan kyuujo suru’ bermakna menolong atau menyelamatkan seseorang yang sedang mengalami kesulitan atau bahaya. Kemudian, verba ‘osewa ni naru’ bermakna membantu seseorang dengan memberikan bimbingan, kebaikan, atau fasilitas. Verba ‘enjo suru’ bermakna membantu dengan mempermudah menyelesaikan sesuatu. Verba ‘ouen suru’ bermakna membantu dengan memberikan dukungan atau semangat. Terakhir, verba ‘kifu suru’ bermakna membantu seseorang dengan memberikan sesuatu berupa benda (uang).
DOKUMENTASI LEKSIKON ALAT MENANGKAP IKAN DAN JENIS PERAHU NELAYAN PULAU BAWEAN ( KAJIAN EKOLINGUISTIK)
Authors: Sayyidah Achmadah Alwiyah
Published: October 2021

Knowledge of fishing gear and types of boats used by fishermen on the island of Bawean contributes to language terms in ecological-linguistic studies in the vocabulary they use in everyday life. This research is a form of documentation of the lexicon of fishing tools and types of boats that are already extinct. The use of fishing gear that is still traditional, simple and environmentally friendly is also a separate fishing strategy for local residents in looking for fish, they assume that knowledge of how to go to sea, which has been passed down by their ancestors from generation to generation, can result in abundant fish catches. This study aims to determine the shape and ecological significance of fishing gear and types of boats used by fishermen in Bawean Island. The data collected are words and phrases. Data were collected using documentation methods and interview techniques. The data collected were analyzed using ecolinguistic theory descriptively then transcribed and translated. The results of the study found eight lexicon of fishing tools used by fishermen in Bawean Island and four lexicon types of boats used by fishermen in Bawean Island with different functions and specifications. These lexicons are rarely used by teenagers and children in daily conversations due to the reference objects that are rarely found and the large number of future generations or youths who do not work as fishermen.

 

Abstrak

Pengetahuan mengenai alat menangkap ikan dan jenis perahu yang digunakan nelayan pulau Bawean turut menyumbang istilah bahasa dalam studi ekologi-linguistik dalam pembendaharaan kosa kata yang mereka gunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini sebagai bentuk dokumentasi leksikon-leksikon alat menangkpa ikan dan jenis perahu yang sudah punah. Penggunaan alat tangkap yang masih tradisional, sederhana dan ramah lingkungan tersebut juga menjadi strategi melaut tersendiri bagi warga setempat dalam mencari ikan, mereka menganggap bahwa pengetahuan mengenai cara berlaut yang diwariskan oleh nenek moyang secara turun temurun ini bisa menjadikan hasil tangkapan ikan yang melimpah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk dan signifikansi ekologis alat menangkap ikan dan jenis perahu yang digunakan nelayan Pulau Bawean. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah kata dan frasa. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode dokumentasi dan teknik wawancara. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori ekolinguistik secara deskriptif kemudian ditranskripsi dan translasi. Hasil penelitian ditemukan delapan leksikon alat menangkap ikan yang digunakan nelayan Pulau Bawean dan empat leksikon jenis perahu yang digunakan nelayan Pulau Bawean dengan fungsi dan spesifikasi yang berbeda-beda. Leksikon-leksikon ini mulai jarang digunakan oleh remaja dan anak-anak dalam percakapan sehari-hari akibat dari referen benda yang sudah jarang ditemui dan banyaknya generasi penerus atau pemuda yang tidak bekerja sebagai nelayan.
PANDANGAN HIDUP WANITA JAWA DALAM NOVEL MIDAH SI MANIS BERGIGI EMAS KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER
Authors: Setiawan Arif
Published: October 2021

This study aims to describe a Javanese woman's view of life which consists of (1) human relationship with God, (2) relationship with fellow human beings, and (3) relationship with oneself. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method, the approach used in this study is the sociology of literature. The source of the research data is the novel ‘Midah si Manis Bergigi Emas’ by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. The data in this study are in the form of story units and quotes in the novel that show the Javanese women's view of life. Data collection techniques are (a) read carefully and repeatedly, (b) identify, (c) record or code, (d) check or select, and (e) enter data. According to Miles and Huberman, the data analysis used in this study includes (a) data reduction, (b) data presentation, (c) conclusion drawing. The results of the study show (1) human relationships with God include eling (remember), pracaya (believe), mituhu (obedient or obedient to Him), (2) human relationships with fellow humans include wedi (fear), isin (shame), and shy (polite respect for superiors or strangers), and (3) human relations with oneself such as nerimo (accepting).

 

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pandangan hidup wanita Jawa yang terdiri dari (1) hubungan manusia dengan Tuhan, (2) hubungan dengan sesama manusia, dan (3) hubungan dengan diri sendiri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sosiologi sastra. Sumber data penelitian berupa novel Midah si Manis Bergigi Emas karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer. Data dalam penelitian berupa satuan cerita dan kutipan-kutipan dalam novel yang menunjukkan pandangan hidup wanita Jawa. Teknik pengumpulan data, yaitu (a) membaca secara cermat dan berulang-ulang, (b) mengidentifikasi, (c) mencatat atau memberi kode, (d) memeriksa atau menyeleksi, dan (e) memasukan data. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menurut Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi (a) reduksi data, (b) penyajian data, (c) penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menujukkan (1) hubungan manusia dengan Tuhan meliputi eling (ingat), pracaya (percaya), mituhu (patuh atau taat kepada-Nya), (2) hubungan manusia dengan sesama manusia meliputi wedi (takut), isin (malu), dan sungkan (rasa hormat yang sopan terhadap atasan atau sesama yang belum dikenal), dan (3) hubungan manusia dengan diri sendiri seperti nerimo (menerima).
Parental Involvement in Children's Mathematics Learning Before and During the Period of the COVID-19
Authors: Rita Panaoura
Published: October 2021

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to sudden and unexpected circumstances in education for all the involved people (pupils, teachers, education policymakers, parents). International organizations have paid attention to their responses in crises by using alternative modes of teaching. The typical teaching methods had to be replaced by e-learning processes and all the participants needed to adjust themselves and adapt innovative methods. Most studies concentrated on teachers' and students' difficulties, barriers and new challenges. However, a different role was given to parents as well, especially in the case of primary and the first grades of secondary education, as they were asked to facilitate their children to use the e-learning processes and support them during the learning process. The present study examined the change of parental involvement during the pandemic in comparison to the previous situation in the case of mathematical subject. A questionnaire was constructed and administered to parents from Cyprus at the first days of the school year 2019-2020 in order to examine their beliefs and self-efficacy beliefs about their parental role and involvement during homework at their children's mathematical understanding and the development of their children's perseverance strategies during mathematical problem solving. The same questionnaire was administered to them at the end of the e-learning teaching processes in May 2020, after they had alternative experiences in order to identify any differences at their respective beliefs. Only the sample of parents who took part at both phases of the study was used for the comparative analyses. Results indicated that parents, especially in primary education, had the willingness to support their children's learning under the different teaching and learning processes; however they needed training in order to develop appropriate knowledge, relevant experiences, positive beliefs and self-efficacy beliefs.
Striking a balance: PIP2 and PIP3 signaling in neuronal health and disease
Authors: Tariq Kamran , Luikart Bryan W.
Published: October 2021

Phosphoinositides are membrane phospholipids involved in a variety of cellular processes like growth, development, metabolism, and transport. This review focuses on the maintenance of cellular homeostasis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). The critical balance of these PIPs is crucial for regulation of neuronal form and function. The activity of PIP2 and PIP3 can be regulated through kinases, phosphatases, phospholipases and cholesterol microdomains. PIP2 and PIP3 carry out their functions either indirectly through their effectors activating integral signaling pathways, or through direct regulation of membrane channels, transporters, and cytoskeletal proteins. Any perturbations to the balance between PIP2 and PIP3 signaling result in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. This review will discuss the upstream modulators and downstream effectors of the PIP2 and PIP3 signaling, in the context of neuronal health and disease.
Targeting protein kinase CK2 in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Jayaraman Padma-Sheela , Gaston Kevin
Published: October 2021

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a disease with a very poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Although targeted therapies directed towards specific mutations found in CCA are becoming available and are showing great potential, many tumors do not carry actionable mutations and, in those that do, the emergence of drug resistance is a likely consequence of treatment. Therapeutic targeting of enzymes and other proteins that show elevated activity in CCA cells but which are not altered by mutation is a potential strategy for the treatment of target negative and drug-resistant disease. Protein kinase CK2 (CK2) is a ubiquitously expressed kinase that has increased expression and increased activity in a variety of cancer types including CCA. Several potent CK2 inhibitors are in pre-clinical development or under assessment in a variety of clinical trials often in combination with drugs that induce DNA damage. This review outlines the importance of CK2 in CCA and assesses the progress that has been made in the evaluation of CK2 inhibition as a treatment strategy in this disease. Targeting CK2 based on the expression levels or activity of this protein and/or in combination with drugs that induce DNA damage or inhibit cell cycle progression, could be a viable option for tumors that lack actionable mutations, or for tumors that develop resistance to targeted treatments.
ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY IS A PRIORITY OF UZBEKISTAN'S FOREIGN POLICY AT THE PRESENT STAGE
Authors:   Master, World Economy And Diplomacy University, Uzbekistan, Urokboev Iskandar , Doniyorov Shahboz ,   Master Tashkent State University Of Economics, Uzbekistan
Published: October 2021

Active implementation of economic diplomacy in the foreign policy of Uzbekistan is one of the priorities of today. Because, in the active promotion of economic diplomacy, it is important to attract investment, increase tourism and export potential. The growing role of economic diplomacy in the system of international relations shows that it should be applied in the foreign policy of Uzbekistan. The article discusses the current work in this direction and its prospects.
THE CURRENT LITERARY PROCESS AND THE PROBLEM OF POETIC STYLE
Authors:   Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor Samarkand State University Samarkand, Uzbekistan, Suvonova Jumagul Rashidovna
Published: October 2021

Reflecting on the current literary process and the problem of poetic style, the author focuses on the work of today’s young and talented poet Khosiyat Rustamova. Her work focuses on the socio-political, spiritual, philosophical, symbolic and lyrical world events. Reflects on the fact that poetry is a divine miracle and the peculiarities of its style and the art of poetry, as well as the peculiarities of the poet’s work. She also discusses the feelings of the Holy Land, which has become a creative tradition, its love, regional and historical development. Indeed, such issues are one of the most pressing and fundamental problems facing the current literary process. Therefore, the approach to the analysis of such topics, the disclosure of its specific cases, is one of the goals of the article.
Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor encephalitis in a child
Authors: Nguyen Huu Son
Published: October 2021

Background: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by severe neurological and psychiatric symptoms and difficult to diagnose. We report a case of Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis diagnosed at the Pediatric Center of Hue Central Hospital.

Case report: A 3½ - year - old girl with previously normal psychomotor development developed behavioral problems and speech impairment 2 week ago. From the onset of symptoms, choreic movements gradually appeared. Hematological, neuroradiological, and neurological examinations were negative; however, her symptoms worsened and treatment with methylprednisone was started. Although her choreic movements improved, her neuropsychological and behavioral symptoms still continued. Anti-N-methyl-Dspartate receptor antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid were detected. The second dose of methylprednisone and then immunoglobulins was administered. After several weeks of treatment, she was well recovered with a progressive improvement in language and behavior.

Conclusions: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis in pediatric patients can present initially with neuropsychological and behavioral symptoms.
The result of adjuvant Vinorelbine plus Cisplatin in completely resected stage IB-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer at Hanoi Medical Unoversity Hospital
Authors: Le Huy Trinh
Published: October 2021

Background: Assess clinical, subclinical characteristics of stage IB-IIIA non - small cell lung cancer patients (NSCLC). Evaluating the result of adjuvant vinorelbine plus cisplatin in completely resected stage IB - IIIA NSCLC.

Methods: Descriptive study of 70 patients completely resected stage IB - IIIA non - small cell lung cancer were received adjuvant vinorelbine plus cisplatin chemotherapy at Hanoi Medical University Hospital from 01/2016 to 6/2020.

Results: The mean age of 56.94 years old, male: female ratio was 2.9:1. 23 (32.8%) patients had postoperative stage IB disease, 24 (34.3%) had stage IIA disease, 13 (18.6%) had stage IIB disease and 10 (14.3%) had stage IIIA disease. The major histological type was adenocarcinoma (78.6%). Median disease free survival was 29.10 ± 1.63 months, and 3 - year survival was 41%. Chemotherapy caused hematologic side effects in 66.67% of patients including neutropenia in 61.4% and grade 3/4 neutropenia in 28.1%. Non - hematologic toxic effects of chemotherapy were reported at low rates and almost mild (grade 1/2).

Conclusions: The vinorelbine - cisplatin regimen is an effective regimen in the adjuvant treatment of non - small cell lung cancer, the study showed that the results in disease - free survival and overall survival were comparable to those of other studies in the world. The most common side effect was neutropenia, the other side effects were reported at low rate and usually mild.
Prognostic factors related to clinical outcome following thrombectomy in ischemic stroke
Authors: Huynh Quoc Toan
Published: October 2021

Background: Acute ischemic stroke continues to be one of the leading causes of disability and death and is a financial burden to an already taxed health care system. Early intra-arterial treatment with mechanical thrombectomy devices is safe and effective for reducing disability and is superior to standard treatment with intravenous thrombolysis alone for the treatment large artery occlusion stroke. Nevertheless prognostics factors need to be systematically analyzed in the context of these new therapeutic strategies. The aim of this study was to analyze prognostic factors related to clinical outcome following thrombectomy in ischemic stroke.

Methods: This single - center prospective study included 84 patients with large vessel occlusion stroke, in the anterior and the posterior circulation. Sexes, age, time to recanalization were prospectively collected. Clinical outcome was assessed post treatment, day one and discharge by means of a NIHSS. Three months mRS evaluation was performed by an independent neurologist. The probability of good outcome at 3 months was assessed by forward stepwise logistic regression using baseline NIHSS score, Glasgow score (GCS) at entrance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, NIHSS at discharge, ASPECT score, collateral scale, TICI scale and time to recanalization. All variables significantly associated with the outcome in the univariate analysis were entered in the model. The significance of adding or removing a variable from the logistic model was determined by the maximum likelihood ratio test. Odds - ratio (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated.

Results: At 3 months 55.2% of patients had a mRS 0 - 2. Baseline NIHSS score (p = 0.001), hyperglycemia (p = 0.024), dyslipidemia (p = 0.016), ASPECT score at entrance (p = 0.005), Good collateral status (p = 0.046) were all factors significantly associated with 3 month clinical outcome. Collateral scale, TICI scale and time to final TICI were not correlated to 3 months outcome. Baseline NIHSS score (OR, 2.539; 95% CI, 1.278 - 5.049; p = 0.008), hyperglycemia (OR, 29.841; 95% CI, 1.050 - 848.183; p = 0.047), emerged as independent predictors of outcome at 3 months. Overall embolic complication rate was 5%, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was 3.5%.

Conclusions: There are multiple factors that determine the predictors of clinical outcome in patients who undenwent endovascular treatment. High NIHSS and hyperglycemia at admission were the two factor independently associated with a bad outcome at 90 days.
Đánh giá một số đặc điểm lâm sàng và cận lâm sàng bệnh nhân ung thư biểu mô khoang miệng
Authors: Nguyen Hong Loi
Published: October 2021

Đặt vấn đề: Ung thư biểu mô khoang miệng là một trong những ung thư thường gặp nhất của hệ đầu mặt cổ và là một trong tám loại ung thư phổ biến nhất theo Tổ chức Y tế Thế giới, tỷ lệ mắc bệnh sẽ tăng lên trong tương lai. Mặc dù các phương tiện chẩn đoán và điều trị đã phát triển nhưng tiên lượng bệnh vẫn còn kém, nguyên nhân chủ yếu là do sự di căn hạch vùng.

Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Mô tả tiến cứu, cắt ngang trên 32 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán ung thư biểu mô khoang miệng được điều trị tại khoa Răng Hàm Mặt Bệnh viện Trung ương Huế từ tháng 7/2015 đến tháng 7/2016.

Kết quả: Độ tuổi hay gặp là 51 - 60 tuổi, tỷ lệ nam/nữ là 1,9/1, khối u hay gặp ở lưỡi (40,6%) và sàn miệng (34,4%), đa số khối u không xâm lấn tổ chức lân cận và có đường kính lớn hơn 2 cm (> 80%). Tỷ lệ di căn hạch vùng là 43,8% và có mối tương quan thuận giữa tỷ lệ di căn hạch với kích thước u (p < 0,05). Loại mô bệnh học chủ yếu là ung thư biểu mô tế bào vảy. Sự khác nhau về tỷ lệ di căn hạch vùng ở những nhóm bệnh nhân có độ mô học khác nhau không có ý nghĩa thống kê (p > 0,05).

Kết luận: Kích thước u càng lớn thì tỷ lệ di căn hạch vùng càng cao. Không có mối liên quan giữa tỷ lệ di căn hạch vùng với độ mô học của ung thư biểu mô khoang miệng.

ABSTRACT

EVALUATION OF CLINICAL AND PARACLINICAL FEATURES IN PATIENTS WITH CARCINOMA OF ORAL CAVITY HISTOPATOLOGY FEATURE OF ORAL CAVITY CARCINOMA

Background: Oral carcinoma is one of the most common cancers of the head and neck region. It is one of the eight most common cancers according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the incidence of which will increase in the future. Although the means of diagnosis and treatment have developed, the prognosis is still poor, mainly due to regional lymph node metastasis.

Materials and Methods: From July 2015 to July 2016, 32 patients with carcinoma of the oral cavity at Hue Central Hospital

Results: The most common age group is from 51 to 60 years old and the male/female ratio is 1.9/1. Tumor places are usually observed around the the tongue (40.6%) and oral floor (34.4%). Most of the tumor size is larger than 2 cm diameters (> 80%). The regional lymph node metastasis rate is 43,8% and there is a positive correlation between lymph node metastasis and tumor sizea (p < 0,05). Squamous - cell carcinoma is mainly type of histopathology. Difference between the rate of lymph node metastasis in patient groups with different histopathological grade shows no statistical significance (p > 0,05).

Conclusion: The greater tumor becomes, the higher regional lymph node metastasis rate increase. There is no relationship between lymph node metastasis rate and histopathological grade of oral carcinoma.

Keywords: Carcinoma of oral cavity, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, histopathology.
A Rare Case of Chronic Suppurative Appendicitis in Neonatal Presenting as Intestinal Malrotation
Authors: Pradnyanita Mustika Putu , Sukmawati Made , Darmajaya I. Made , Dewi I. G. A. Sri Mahendra , Artana I. Wayan Dharma , Kardana Made , Putra Putu Junara , Ariyanta Kadek Deddy
Published: October 2021

Neonatal appendicitis (NA) is an extremely rare acute abdomen condition, moreover, if it is a chronic suppurative one. The definite risk factor of NA is barely unknown. The signs and symptoms are often nonspecific and appear after perforation occurs. Most of the cases were found unexpectedly during surgery suspected as other diagnoses. A 7-day-old male neonate presenting lethargic and hypoglycemia since 1
st
day of life. Patient drunk breast milk right after since he was born. Meconium was produced <24 h. On the 3
rd
day of hospitalization, he experienced bilious vomiting and abdominal distension, so nasogastric tube was installed. Physical examination revealed decreased bowel sound. Investigation showed leucocytosis, slightly increased procalcitonin and abdominal X-ray showed that gas distribution lasted until third part of duodenum followed by minimal gas distribution in the distal part of duodenum. The patient was suspected as distal duodenum stenosis or proximal jejunum. Intraoperatively, it was found that there was second part duodenum malrotation and open Ladd’s procedure was done. During Ladd’s procedure, a perforated appendix was also found. The histopathology result revealed that it was a chronic suppurative appendicitis. Patient was discharged in good condition 20 days after surgery. NA is a rare condition with nonspecific signs and symptoms which was usually found accidentally during surgery suspected as other diagnoses.
Incision Wound Healing Test of Ethanolic Extract Gel from Salaon (Parsonsia alboflavescens [Dennst.] Mabb.) Leaves in Male Rats
Authors: Zebua Nilsya , Saputri Muharni , Sijabat Winda Giovana , Wulandari Inda Aristika Sri Retno , Nofriani Ira , Zai Winda Agustiani , Arista Ramadani Arda , Suhaimi Muhammad , Firsa Aula
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: An incision wound is a wound caused by a sharp object. One of the plants that can be used as a traditional medicine for an incision wound is salaon leaves. The prepared form chosen is the gel because it is easy to use and its distribution is faster on the skin.

AIM: The aim of the study was to explore whether salaon leaf extract gel meets the quality evaluation requirements and to know the effectiveness of ethanol extract gel of salaon (Parsonsia alboflavescens [Dennst] Mabb.) leaves to cure a scar on male rats.

METHODS: Experimental method with salaon leaves as sample. Simplicia of salaon leaves extracted by maceration method, and then arenga gum gel-based formulation, afterward evaluation, and testing of its effectiveness on the healing of incision wound of male rats. Normal data were analyzed by the One Way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Post Hoc Tuckey Method. Kruskal-Wallis test used for abnormal data.

RESULTS: The whole formula shows homogenous results, normal pH, stability, dissemination and good viscosity, less irritating, and with good adhesion. The results of a statistical analysis of the wound on the 8th day with ANOVA test indicate a significant difference between the five groups p = 0.000 (p < 0.05) and Post-Hoc Tukey Honest Significant Difference test results obtained a concentration of 5% not significantly different from the positive control Placenta extract gel. The optimum dose that can heal incision wound in male rats is 5%.

CONCLUSION: The whole formulation qualifies for the quality of the gel formulation. Ethanol extract gel of salaon leaves can heal wound on male rats and the optimal dose is 5%.
Knowledge and Application of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Guidelines among Family Physicians: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Korzh Oleksii , Nikolenko Yevgenii , Titkova Anna , Lavrova Yelizaveta , Vovk Kira
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Family physicians (FPs) play an important role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

AIM: This study aims to assess the determinants of FPs’ knowledge and application of cardiovascular preventive management guidelines at primary health-care setting in Ukraine.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study conducted among the 226 FPs in Kharkiv Region, Ukraine. A self-administrated questionnaire was administered, exploring demographic, job characteristics, knowledge of CVD prevention guidelines, and application of CVD guidelines’ questions about the essential items related to diagnosis and management of CVD according to the international/local guidelines.

RESULTS: The results show a very low level of knowledge of guidelines among FPs with 85.8% scoring below the acceptable knowledge level. The guidelines were applied below the acceptable level with 51.3% scoring below the cutoff point. The results indicate that both average scores were below the minimum acceptable level. Lack of knowledge of the CVD preventive care was considered the biggest barrier (62.8%). Lack of counseling skills was the second major barrier (37.9%). Subjectivity of the questions was considered to be the third barrier (32.6%). Lack of counseling skills was the second major barrier (37.9%). Subjectivity of the questions was considered to be the third barrier (32.6%).

CONCLUSIONS: Recognizing the low level of knowledge and application of guidelines among primary care providers and working toward minimizing this problem can be through education, training, and monitoring of the application. This can potentially improve CVD preventive management among patients.
Evaluation of Anatomy Course Teaching and Learning Outcomes for Iraqi Pharmacy Students: Internet-based Learning versus Blended Learning During the Pandemic
Authors: Farhan Sinan , Al-Imam Ahmed , Motyka Marek A.
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Academic courses of human anatomy need to be reviewed periodically by students to ensure better learning outcomes, especially when the teaching process became internet-dependent during the pandemic. AIM: Our study aims to explore pharmacy students’ opinions concerning the theoretical and practical elements of the anatomy course taught in the College of Pharmacy at Al-Rafidain University. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ethical committee of the College of Pharmacy at Al-Rafidain University approved the study. We prepared a questionnaire (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.735) to evaluate the positive and negative aspects of the teaching process. The questionnaire was presented as an online survey to pharmacy students (n = 305) who finished their anatomy course in two learning modalities, Internet-based learning (n1 = 105, 34.43%) and blended learning (BL) (n2 = 200, 65.57%). RESULTS: Participants of both groups were satisfied with the syllabus, using internet-based materials, and problem-based learning concerning the theoretical aspect of the course. Concerning practical knowledge, both groups preferred using cadavers instead of dummies, and they verified the beneficial effect of online educational materials and computer-based applications. Pharmacy students demanded more than one anatomy course, while students from the BL group considered the anatomy course duration insufficient. Concerning the practical knowledge, students’ marks were superior for students using BL, and the opposite was the case with theoretical knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: BL is favored by Iraqi undergraduate pharmacy students; perhaps, it is attributed to the lively interaction between students and the teaching staff. We conclude that internet resources can be supportive of the classical teaching of anatomy.
Visual Function of Drivers and its Relation to the Occurrence of Road Traffic Accidents in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aldakhil Sulaiman , Ovenseri-Ogbomo Godwin , Moafa Majid , Alghamdi Waleed , Alluwimi Muhammed , Alghnam Suliman
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: The mortality rate due to road traffic accidents (RTA) is significantly high in Saudi Arabia (SA) compared to other countries. The visual function which includes good visual acuity (VA) and binocular vision are very important factors that can contribute to the incidence of RTA.
AIM: The aim of this study is to investigate the association between refractive errors (REs) and the RTA in SA.
METHODS: A total of 354 participants (mean age 22.67 ± 3.22 years) were recruited randomly to participate in this study from the population of Qassim district. Data collected using the questionnaire included participants’ age, sex, and education level, ocular and medical history, driving history as well as history of RTA. Ocular health examination including VA, RE measurements, and binocular vision function vision was measured and analyzed.
RESULTS: The results of this study show that 48.3% of drivers had some form of REs with 3.4% being visually impaired. 217 (61.3%) of participants have had an RTA, and 119 (54.9%) of them have had more than two accidents in the past two years. The findings show no significant association between the occurrence of RTA and uncorrected REs or binocular vision dysfunction.
CONCLUSION: Our data showed significantly higher rate of RTA among Saudi drivers which is much higher than any country in the world. The current Saudi regulations for obtaining driving license need to be modified, with implementing a comprehensive eye examination prior to acquiring or renewing drivers’ licenses.
Negative Correlation between Serum Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels and Obesity Predictor Markers and Inflammation Levels in Females with Obesity
Authors: Raharjo Slamet , Pranoto Adi , Rejeki Purwo Sri , Harisman Ahmad Syahru Mubarok , Pamungkas Yualita Putri , Andiana Olivia
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Obesity has been widely associated with structural and functional changes in the brain, whereas inflammation is one of the potential mechanisms involved in these changes.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to prove the relationship between serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and obesity predictor markers (body mass index and waist to hip ratio) and inflammation (interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha) levels in females with obesity.
METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional study method using 33 females with obesity aged 19-23 years, body mass index (BMI) > 27.5 kg/m2, normal blood pressure, normal resting heart rate (RHR), normal hemoglobin (Hb), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≤ 100 mg/dL. The examination of serum BDNF, IL-6, and TNF-α levels using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. The data were analyzed using Pearson product-moment test with a significant levels p<0.05.
RESULTS: The results indicated that there is a negative correlation between serum BDNF levels and BMI (r = –0.759; p<0.001), WHR (r = –0.675; p<0.001), IL-6 levels (r = –0.530; p<0.001) and TNF-α levels (r = –0.561; p<0.001).
CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the study, there is a negative correlation between serum BDNF levels and BMI, waist to hip ratio, and inflammation (interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha) levels in females with obesity. Further studies are needed to confirm the present findings.
Immunohistochemical Expression of “HCG-β” in Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Bassam Amira Mohamed , Raafat Yousra , Al-Aziz Ahmed Mahmoud Abd , Rasha Ramadan Mostafa
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Tumor budding is associated with adverse histology and is a predictor of lymph node metastasis. Human chorionic gonadotropin-beta (hCG-β) expression in non-trophoblastic tumors has been associated with aggressive behavior.

AIM: Evaluation of tumor budding and hCG-β _immunohistochemical expression in colorectal carcinoma (CRC), and correlation of their expression with various clinicopathological parameters.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining for hCG-β _was performed on paraffin-embedded sections of 60 cases of CRC. Tumors with cytoplasmic or membranous staining of more than five epithelial cell clusters were designated hCG-β _positive; otherwise, they were designated hCG-β _negative. Tumor budding was assessed in hematoxylin and eosin stained slides and was classified as; low: 0–4 buds, intermediate: 5–9 buds and high: ≥10 buds; with exclusion of pure mucoid or signet ring cell morphology cases from analysis.

RESULTS: Tumor budding was low in (58.8%) of the cases, intermediate in (15.7%), and high in (25.5%). There was a statistically significant correlation between tumor budding and tumor histological grade (p = 0.011), lymph node metastasis (N) (p = 0.009), overall pathologic stage group (p = 0.009), modified Dukes’ stage (p = 0.009), lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.000), and desmoplastic reaction (p = 0.004). Positive hCG-β _alpha expression was detected in 12 (20%) of cases. There were statistically significant correlations between hCG-β _expression and each of lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.042) and tumor budding (p = 0.000).

CONCLUSION: hCG-β _is a marker of aggressiveness that may have essential role in tumor invasion. Tumor budding is crucial event in tumor invasion and metastasis. Tumor budding with hCG-β _expression is a novel prognostic parameter and may represent a potential therapeutic target.
Evaluation of Uterine Cavity Abnormality using Saline Infusion Sonohysterography Before In Vitro Fertilization
Authors: Adenin Ichwanul , Lubis Hilma Putri , Halim Binarwan
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Some studies suggested that saline infusion sonohysterography (SIS) has been used to detect uterine cavity abnormalities before in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles to improve treatment success rates and decrease the number of cycle cancellations and embryo implantation failures. Some of the factors contributing to the dissemination and acceptance of the technique include the fact that it is a simple, less painful, less expensive, less invasive, and well-tolerated procedure when compared to hysteroscopy.

AIM: The aim of the study is to evaluate uterine cavity abnormality with SIS performed before IVF.

METHODS: A descriptive retrospective study involving 551 female partners who had SIS before IVF/ICSI treatment at private Halim Fertility Center from January 2014 until December 2017. Five hundred and fifty-one infertile woman was included in this study before IVF/ICSI cycles. Patients agreed to have an ultrasound assessment of the uterine cavity with the use of saline as the contrast medium. SIS procedure was scheduled postmenstrual period in the early-mid follicular phase and 1-3 months before starting IVF/ICSI treatment.

RESULTS: From 551 patients, we found 527 (94.4%) cases with the normal uterine cavity. The uterine cavity abnormalities were detected in 5.56% of cases included in this study (28 (5.02%) cases with endometrial polyps, two (0.36%) cases with intrauterine adhesions, and one (0.18%) case with Müllerian duct anomalies).

CONCLUSION: SIS before IVF treatment could be a good option for evaluating uterus cavity before IVF to improve success rates of pregnancy.
The Effect of Incorporating Different Concentrations of Octenidine Dihydrochloride on the Degree of Conversion of an Experimental Flowable Resin Composite
Authors: Mansour Mahitab , Hussein Tarek Salah , Salem Haidy
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: One of the important parameters in assessing the definitive physical, mechanical, and biological characteristics of resin composites is the degree of conversion (DC), as composite qualities have been proven to improve with increasing the DC after photo-polymerization. Besides, fracture or secondary caries are the most common causes of composite resin failure. Accordingly, this reflects the need of formulating dental restorative materials possessing antibacterial activity.

AIM: This study was designed to incorporate different concentrations of a new antibacterial agent (Octenidine dihydrochloride [OCT]) into an experimentally formulated flowable resin composite and evaluate its DC.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four groups were tested in this study; group I was used as the control group, it’s a commercially available flowable composite “Herculite Ultra Flowable”. Group II was an experimental flowable composite with no antibacterial agent. During the preparation of the experimental flowable resin composite material, OCT antibacterial agent was added to the filler in special dark containers at a concentration of 1% wt. and 1.5% wt. respectively, in groups III and IV. The DC was measured and compared to the commercially available resin composite using the Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy method.

RESULTS: Results of the current study showed that the mean values of DC ranged between (70.37 and 48.7), where Group1 showed the highest mean value, followed by Group 2 than Group 3, Group 4 specimens had the lowest mean value. The data showed that there is a statistically significant difference between all the tested groups. However, the DC was still within the accepted ranges for dental use.

CONCLUSION: Based on the results obtained within the experimental conditions of this study it may be stated that the inclusion of the antibacterial OCT 1% and 1.5% wt., into the flowable resin composite showed satisfactory results for the DC as it met the ADA requirements for clinical use.
Intraoral Radiographic Processing Skills among Dentists in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abbas Hisham , Arabi Abdullah Isaam , Baroudi Badia , Makhdom Shaima'a , Alwadani Mazen Ahmed , Al Akhdar Elaf Sami , Alshareef Ahmad Majed
Published: October 2021

AIM: The present study was designed to investigate use of intraoral radiographic techniques (conventional and digital) among general dental practitioners (GDP) in Saudi Arabia with focus on its availability in workplace, ease of the technique, and the recommended technique to be taught during undergraduate based on individual experience. METHODS: A questioner in form of a Google sheet was designed concerning demographic data, country, district, university, year of graduation, availability of radiographic technique available in workplace, which technique learned during undergraduate study, and which technique should teach during undergraduate study based on individual experience. A GDP list was developed from different dental groups on social media. The questioner was sent to the GDP list and to improve the response rate, telephone calls were made in advance to all expected participants. RESULTS: About 62.2% of participants were graduated within past 5 years, the most common dental X-ray processing technique learned during undergraduate study was the digital and conventional (both theoretical and practical) in 47.6% of participants followed by conventional (theoretical and practical) technique in 21% participants. Based on their work experience, 74.8% of participants preferred both digital and conventional techniques should be taught in dental Saudi Universities/Colleges while, the digital method was preferred by 21%. CONCLUSION: However, intraoral digital radiographic technique is widely available in most regions in Saudi Arabia; it is recommended to teach both intraoral digital and conventional radiographic techniques during undergraduate study.
Efficacy, Safety and Cost Effectiveness of Metronomic Low Dose Versus Intermittent High Dose Capecitabine in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Elsebaie Hala , Yassa Wael Samir Makar , Lasheen Shaimaa , IbrahimIbrahim Noha
Published: October 2021

AIM: The aim of the study is to compare the toxicity and cost-effectiveness between metronomic and intermittent capecitabine as maintenance therapy in female patients with metastatic breast cancer.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: All metastatic breast cancer patients with HER2 negative were included. The whole study population received six cycles of Docetaxel/Capecitabine then patients were randomized to either continuous (650 mg/m2 twice daily continuous) or intermittent Capecitabine (1000 mg/m2 twice daily every 21 days) as maintenance.

RESULTS: The study included 51 patients, 26 in the metronomic arm and 25 in the continuous. The median number of maintenance cycles, as well as the partial response, was higher in the continuous (18 vs. 13 cycles, p: 0.031; p: 0.038). The continuous arm was tolerable with significant less Grade 3 and 4 toxicity regarding nausea, vomiting, hand and foot syndrome, neutropenia, and elevated liver enzymes. (p: 0.03, 0.045, 0.051, 0.048, 0.06, respectively). On multivariate analysis, only patients receiving treatment as first-line had a better clinical response (p: 0.03) especially in the triple-negative group (p: 0.07). The metronomic therapy was more cost-effective with a 35.9% reduction of cost. ($ 746 vs. $1164). The progression-free survival and overall survival were not significant between the two groups.

CONCLUSION: Metronomic continuous capecitabine proved to be less toxic and more cost-effective.
« Comment peut-on être djihadiste ? »
Authors: Kristeva Julia
Published: October 2021

Lutter contre le mal radical ne suppose pas seulement d’incarcérer les djihadistes – bien que cette réponse soit nécessaire –, ni une réponse sociale – tout aussi nécessaire – comme sortir les jeunes des quartiers de leur misère. Plus encore, pour lutter contre le mal radical, il faut être attentif à la maladie d’idéalité et la déliaison des adolescents et répondre à leur besoin de croire pour que la séduction des religions ne soit plus un danger pour l’humanisme.
Décrocher… son entrée dans l’adolescence
Authors: Bonnichon Delphine
Published: October 2021

Nous interrogeons le décrochage scolaire à l’entrée dans l’adolescence au regard du processus pubertaire qui s’engage, à la croisée des chemins entre noyau dépressif et relecture « inédite » des fantasmes fondateurs. La co-construction sujet-environnement y apparaît centrale, tant la dimension du lien y est convoquée, ne serait-ce que dans sa mise à mal. Une vignette éclaire notre propos et explore l’hypothèse que ce qui fait accroc dans l’entrée dans l’adolescence a trait à l’homo-érotisme reconvoqué et à remanier.
Les hallucinations : un mode de subjectivation
Authors: Perret Anne , Queiroz Carolina , Pacelli Floriana , Lahlou Yousra , Hamonet Mathilde
Published: October 2021

Nous tenterons de montrer que la clinique des hallucinations à l’adolescence, souvent reléguée du côté de « symptômes ou processus psychotiques », se situe aux frontières du processus de subjectivation réengagé et remanié à cet âge. À partir de deux situations, nous interrogerons cette clinique et ce qu’elle peut nous enseigner de l’actuel des subjectivités, au-delà de la norme œdipienne.