bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid material performance assessment for rocket propulsion
Authors: AL-Oqla Faris M. , Hayajneh Mohammed T.
Published: May 2022

Fuel based on hybrid green material is of paramount importance for various military and civilian purposes. This work presents a novel expert-based multi-criteria hierarchy and decision-making model to evaluate various chemical rocket propulsion technologies with different fuel material types under an uncertain environment. This helps select the most appropriate fuel material types according to the performance requirements considering various evaluation criteria toward achieving better performance economic benefits of the sustainable hybrid green material-based fuel for various applications. Here, the analytical hierarchy process model was utilized to enhance more informative decisions from both numerical and linguistics information regarding the performance of the fuel based on hybrid green material under an uncertain environment. The model considers various simultaneous evaluations and conflicting criteria to practically demonstrate economic, technical, and sustainable issues for the decision makers in this field. Results demonstrate that cost and size criteria are the most important in the evaluation process from experts’ points of view for the rocket propulsion technology. The fuel based on hybrid green material has the highest priority regarding the whole evaluation criteria. The sensitivity analysis illustrates the robustness of the model as well as the reliability of the drawn decisions.
The effect of 150 and 80 mg doses of aspirin on preventing preterm birth in high-risk pregnant women
Authors: Kasraeian Maryam , Asadi Nasrin , Vafaei Homeira , Tazang Mahin , Azam Faraji  , Rahimirad Neda , Yousofi Sedighe , Khaleghi Seyedeh Fatemeh , Zare Marjan
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Preterm birth (PTB) is the common cause of neonatal mortality nationwide. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different doses of aspirin in preventing PTB in high-risk pregnant women. As secondary outcomes, other perinatal complications were compared.

Methods

This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on high-risk pregnant women with impaired placental perfusion diagnosed in the first trimester of pregnancy referring to the perinatal centers affiliated to Shiraz university of Medical Sciences between February 2020 and March 2021. The subjects were randomly divided in two groups administered with 150 or 80 mg aspirin every night from 11 to 13+6 weeks until 36 weeks or delivery. This study is registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20140317017035N6; http://www.irct.ir/). Univariate and multiple logistic regressions were applied using SPSS 22.

Results

A total of 101 subjects received 80 mg aspirin and 89 ones received 150 mg aspirin. The results of multiple analysis revealed a significantly lower odds of PTB (OR 0.4 (0.19, 0.99)) in the 150 mg group compared to the 80 mg group. As secondary outcomes, preeclampsia (PEC) and PEC with severe features (PECsf) were lower (OR 0.2 (0.06, 0.82) and 0.1 (0.01, 0.92), respectively); however, fetal age and neonatal weight were higher in the 150 mg group (OR 1.2 (1.04, 1.33) and 1.001 (1–1.001), respectively).

Conclusions

The study findings indicated that, compared with 80 mg of aspirin, taking 150 mg of aspirin reduced PTB and perinatal complications in high risk pregnant women.
Multimodality in liquid biopsy: does a combination uncover insights undetectable in individual blood analytes?
Authors: Keup Corinna , Kimmig Rainer , Kasimir-Bauer Sabine
Published: May 2022

The heterogeneity of each individual oncologic disease can be mirrored by molecular analysis of a simple blood draw in real time. Liquid biopsy testing has been shown useable for cancer detection, proof of minimal residual disease, therapy decision making and monitoring. However, an individual blood analyte does not present a comprehensive picture of the disease. It was recently shown that multi-modal/multi-parametric/multi-analyte liquid biopsy testing has the advantage of generating a high-resolution snapshot of the disease complexity. The different blood analytes such as circulating tumor cells, circulating immune cells, tumor-educated platelets, extracellular vesicles, cell-free DNA, cell-free RNA and circulating proteins complement each other and have additive value for clinical cancer management. We, here, like to review the studies leading to these promising conclusions and like to, at the end, mention that many challenges lie ahead before the translation into the clinic can be accomplished, including issues concerning clinical utility, method standardization, cost reimbursement and data management.
Numerical investigation of heat transfer in the nanofluids under the impact of length and radius of carbon nanotubes
Authors: Adnan  , Khan Umar , Ahmed Naveed , Basha D. Baba , Mohyud-Din Syed Tauseef , Mahmoud Omar , Khan Ilyas
Published: May 2022

The investigation of thermal transport in the nanofluid over a curved Riga surface is significant and extensively used in many industries as well as in engineering. Therefore, the study is conducted to analyze the thermal transport rate in H2O composed of nanomaterial, namely, carbon nanotubes (CNTs). To improve the thermal conductance, a thermal conductivity correlation based on the length and radius of CNTs is plugged in the energy equation. After that, the flow model was reduced into a self-similar form via feasible transformations and tackled numerically. From the plotted results, it is experienced that the nanofluid velocity drops against a more curved surface. The momentum boundary layer intensifies against larger curvature. An enhanced temperature is experienced in the nanofluid due to varying the parameters. Further, thermal conductivity of the nanofluids rises due to the high volume fraction factor, which plays a significant role in thermal transport. Moreover, the local thermal performance rises linearly against M.
Concrete Industry, Environment Issue, and Green Concrete: A Review
Authors: ALAA OMAR ABED AL RAHMAN TANASH  , Muthusamy Khairunisa
Published: May 2022

Concrete is the second most utilized substance around the world behind the water. The aim of this paper is to review the environmental effect of concrete industry. It has been found that the environmental impact of concrete industry is severe in various environmental categories as global warming, depletion of ozone layer, and acidification of soil and water bodies. Moreover, concrete industry affects ecosystems and alters hydrogeological and hydrological systems. Green concrete has become increasingly popular among researchers and academics in recent years, although it is still in its infancy. This article examines the environmental impact of waste materials such as fly ash, silica fume, and slag as partial or complete replacements for cement, and of waste and recycled material as aggregates. It shows that the negative environmental effect of the concrete industry can be minimized by using these waste materials in the concrete production.
Performance of Asphalt Mixture Incorporated Encapsulated Cigarette Butts as Bitumen Modifier
Authors: Hamood Al-Ameri Nader Ameen , P.J. Ramadhansyah
Published: May 2022

Cigarette butts are non-biodegradable waste, and the difficulties in dealing with cigarette waste is a big concern for communities and environmental groups all over the world. In past years, cigarette butts has been increasingly used on flexible pavement and has become one of the causes that increases pavement strength and reduces environmental challenges. Environmental factors are external influences that affect the performance of flexible pavements. These include snow, chemicals, water, and ageing issues. The aim of this research is to evaluate the mechanical and physical properties of asphalt mixture incorporating encapsulated cigarette butts. Asphalt concrete has a number of problems, including rutting, moisture removal, and binder drain. The use of asphalt is restricted due to high temperatures that cause rutting cracking of the asphalt or coating layer. Therefore, it is necessary to modify asphalt and improve its quality with less affects to environment. In this research, experiments were carried out to compare two types of asphalt which are unmodified asphalt and modified asphalt mixture. For modified asphalt, various percentages of encapsulated cigarette butts were added to the mixtures. The additive used was encapsulated cigarette butts with increment 0%, 0.2%, 1% and 3% for the bitumen and 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% for asphalt mixture. Penetration test, softening point, ductility test, penetration index, los angeles (LA) abrasion test, marshall tests, indirect tensile strength test and dynamic creep test were performed. The findings of the studies performed in this project reveal that varying the percentages of cigarette butts in the asphalt concrete mixture obviously differs in the mechanical and physical characteristics of asphalt mixture. As a result, the addition of CBs to AC resulted in a different abrasion loss value when compared to unmodified AC. At 10% CBs put into the asphalt mixture, the abrasion loss was chosen as the most advantageous level for increasing the performance of AC mixture. Based on the results of the mechanical and physical tests we can infer that 5% of CBs is the best percentage of cigarette butts to add in asphalt mixture. So this study proved that cigarette butts to be an effective material is used as an addition to asphalt binder because it improves performance by increasing paving strength and stiffness.
Cuatro injusticias epistémicas en los currículos universitarios de filosofía en Colombia: anglo-eurocentrismo, racismo, sexismo y humanismo
Authors: Bernal Ríos Laura Patricia
Published: May 2022

Se plantea que los currículos universitarios actuales de filosofía se soportan en estructuras curriculares que conllevarían diversas modalidades de injusticias epistémicas, a saber: (1) el anglo-eurocentrismo, (2) el racismo, (3) el sexismo y (4) el humanismo. Con base en esta premisa, la cual se considera inscrita en la trayectoria histórica de los epistemicidios occidentales, se propone la necesidad de decolonización del currículo universitario de filosofía en las universidades colombianas. Se plantea como un proyecto urgente de acción educativa que, de modo inmediato, contribuiría a contrarrestar las diversas modalidades de injusticias epistémicas y, transitivamente, impulsaría la materialización de lo que aquí se denomina justicia curricular. Esto no solo sería provechoso para mejorar y transformar los currículos de filosofía en el nivel de educación superior y el paulatino enriquecimiento epistemológico de la filosofía, sino que también aportaría a un reconocimiento saludable de la pluridiversidad en la universidad.
Ética crítica y política de las tecnologías. Ciudadanías mediadas en el Estado Plataforma. Análisis de Movilidad en Línea
Authors: Guzmán-Ortiz Sara María
Published: May 2022

Se presenta la reflexión sobre el papel de una ética crítica que acompañe los procesos de innovación tecnológica, a partir de los aportes de la filosofía de la tecnología, específicamente las propuestas de Floridi (2018) y Verbeek (2015). Se análizará el caso de digitalización de servicios de gobierno, en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia, centrado en el comportamiento de los usuarios de la plataforma Movilidad en Línea. La tesis principal que se esboza es que con los procesos de digitalización se pretende eliminar la intermediación entre el ciudadano y el acceso al Estado Plataforma (Goupil, 2007; Massal y Sandoval, 2010). Sin embargo, encontramos que las mediaciones persisten y transitan hacia mediaciones tecnológicas. Esta constatación y la demostración de la agencialidad y moralidad de los artefactos tecnológicos fundamenta la propuesta de una ética critica que acompañe de manera participativa la innovación y transición digital.
Movement Difficulties at Age Five Among Extremely Preterm Infants
Authors: Aubert Adrien M. , Costa Raquel , Ådén Ulrika , Cuttini Marina , Männamaa Mairi , Pierrat Véronique , Sarrechia Iemke , van Heijst Arno F. , Zemlin Michael , Johnson Samantha , Zeitlin Jennifer ,   the SHIPS Research group
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Children born extremely preterm (EPT), <28 weeks’ gestational age, face higher risks of movement difficulties than their term-born peers. Studies report varying prevalence estimates and prognostic factors identifying children who could benefit from early intervention are inconsistent. This study investigated the prevalence of movement difficulties in children born EPT and associated risk factors.

METHODS

Data come from a population-based EPT birth cohort in 2011 and 2012 in 11 European countries. Children without cerebral palsy were assessed at 5 years of age (N = 772) with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children–Second Edition, which classifies movement difficulties as none (>15th percentile), at risk (6th–15th percentile) and significant (≤5th percentile). Associations with sociodemographic, perinatal, and neonatal characteristics collected from obstetric and neonatal medical records and parental questionnaires were estimated using multinomial logistic regression.

RESULTS

We found 23.2% (n = 179) of children were at risk for movement difficulties and 31.7% (n = 244) had significant movement difficulties. Lower gestational age, severe brain lesions, and receipt of postnatal corticosteroids were associated with significant movement difficulties, whereas male sex and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were associated with being at risk and having significant movement difficulties. Children with younger, primiparous, less educated, and non-European-born mothers were more likely to have significant movement difficulties. Differences in prevalence between countries remained after population case-mix adjustments.

CONCLUSIONS

This study confirms a high prevalence of movement difficulties among EPT children without cerebral palsy, which are associated with perinatal and neonatal risk factors as well as sociodemographic characteristics and country.
Energy-Efficient Curing of Concrete
Authors: Pfeiffer Donald , Marusin Stella , Landgren J. Robert
Published: May 2022

This report is in two parts: A State of the Art Review followed by A Laboratory Study for Plant-Produced Prestressed Concrete
Start low, aim high. The role of doses in successful pregabalin therapy
Authors: Woroń Jarosław
Published: May 2022

Pregabalin belongs to a group of anti-epileptic drugs that act on the alpha 2/delta subunit of the G protein of voltage-gated calcium channels. As a consequence of its pharmacological effect, pregabalin reduces the levels of intracellular calcium ions and enhances pre- and postsynaptic inhibition in the central nervous system, which translates directly into its clinical action. The expanding indications for pregabalin, not only in the treatment of neuropathic pain, but also in neurology and psychiatry, mean that the drug is accepted by an increasing number of patients with different pharmacokinetic characteristics. Pregabalin treatment can be started at lower doses of 25–50–75 mg at a time, and then slowly up-titrated to an effective and welltolerated dose. Doses may also need to be reduced in patients with renal insufficiency. Pregabalin dosing in elderly patients is based on an established adult regimen, but with a prolonged titration period. It is worth recalling that the recommended dose of pregabalin in the case of neuropathic pain should be 300–600 mg per day. Therefore, different doses of the drug are needed to ensure optimal efficacy and reduce the risk of side effects. Considering the pharmacokinetic profile of pregabalin, the drug should be available in various doses for individualised use. This is of particular importance due to its linear pharmacokinetics, which allows achieving doses that are effective and well-tolerated by the patient in a much more effective way than in the case of gabapentin, which in turn is a condition for compliance.
Language Learning Hashtags on TikTok in Chinese, Italian, and Russian
Authors: Vazquez-Calvo Boris , Shafirova Liudmila , Zhang Leticia-Tian
Published: May 2022

This volume focuses on a range of topics and studies that address the notion of plurilingualism and multilingual identity in computer-mediated language learning (CALL) spaces. Interest in digital multilingual identity in the fields of applied linguistics and language education has been growing exponentially in recent years. New theoretical assumptions and recent global challenges have urged researchers to problematize the traditional notion of virtual identity in the face of increased virtual connectedness and the hybridization of transcultural and translingual practices. The chapters in this collection contribute to this fast-growing body of interdisciplinary research, featuring conceptual papers and research studies of identity performance and multilingual communication in highly complexified digitally mediated social platforms. The volume seeks to (a) contextualize digital multilingual communication as it pertains to language learning and teaching via a historical and conceptual overview of the multilingual movement in technologically mediated SLA; (b) offer in-depth explorations of multilingual practices and digital affordances that affect language learner identities beyond the classroom context, (c) fill the research void by exploring empirically the critical aspects of multilingual identity deployment in digital contexts where language learners actively participate in translingual and plurilingual practices, and (d) illustrate new ways of evaluating and adapting teaching practices to accommodate multilingual subjects, and reflect the increasingly hyperlingual nature of digital communication.
Examining Identity Performance of Multilingual Students in Computer Science Education: A Narrative Case Study
Authors: Jacob Sharin , Montoya Jonathan , Warschauer Mark
Published: May 2022

This study examines the identity enactment of multilingual students as they engage in a year-long computer science (CS) curriculum. Findings indicate that multilingual students develop positive CS identities when their work is 1) recognized by teachers, family, peers, and communities, and 2) solidified by their linguistic and cultural resources.
Construction and Performance of Online Foreign Language Teacher Identity: A Case Study of Korean as a Foreign Language Teachers
Authors: Park Seojin
Published: May 2022

This chapter addresses how critical reflexivity and the pedagogical practices of foreign language (FL) teachers work simultaneously to construct and reflect their language teacher identity in online classrooms. It also discusses how Korean as a foreign language (KFL) teachers utilized their sub-identities to overcome challenges that online language teachers face in their classes.
The Effects of Multimodal Communication on the Development of New Types of Learner Imagination
Authors: Gaspar Borbala
Published: May 2022

This qualitative study explores how four foreign language learners of Italian, with the use of a language exchange app called Hellotalk, a means of multimodal communication, construct different forms of imagination that is co-constructed. Findings demonstrate how learners, temporarily and instantaneously imagined being and living in Italy as locals.
Bourbon Regalism and the Importation of Gallicanism: The Political Path for a State Religion in Eighteenth-Century Spain [El regalismo borbónico y la importación del galicanismo: El camino político hacia una religión de estado en la España del siglo XVIII]
Authors: Smidt Andrea J.
Published: May 2022

El siglo XVIII experimentó un marcado cambio en la cultura institucional española bajo el régimen de la dinastía borbónica. Burócratas profesionales –llamados a veces regalistas– estudiaron cuidadosamente las últimas tendencias en el arte imperial de gobernar y en la retórica política. Envolvieron sus resultados en una terminología ilustrada de «progreso» para justificar sus propuestas políticas, poniendo el acento en las promesas de eficacia y prosperidad económica de tales reformas. En la primera mitad del siglo, el regalismo llevó a la acogida de la Ilustración católica y a una política pro-jesuita que incrementó la autoridad política de la Corona sobre la Iglesia católica. Pero fue en el reinado de Carlos iii –coincidiendo con lo que se consideraba la cumbre de la Ilustración española– cuando se consolidaron los anteriores logros políticos, dando lugar a una Iglesia Regia, independiente de Roma. Esto no sólo favoreció la expulsión de los jesuitas en 1767, sino que esta «Iglesia Regia» necesitó importar el galicanismo con el fin de convertir a los clérigos españoles en cuasi-agentes estatales. A finales del siglo, la política eclesiástica de la Corona se «galicanizó » hasta tal punto que se podía considerar afín a la rama católica del jansenismo. Después de los graves acontecimientos europeos de finales de los años ochenta, cuando existía la impresión general de ataque a la Iglesia católica y la autoridad papal, la Corona española fue demasiado lejos en su política jansenista, provocando desacuerdo incluso en sus propias instituciones gubernamentales, de modo que se vio obligada a dejar de dirigir la práctica religiosa en España. Este estudio ilustra los esfuerzos de la monarquía por nacionalizar la Iglesia católica en España, la resistencia que encontró en este proceso en diversos frentes, y las consecuencias que tales esfuerzos tendrían para el escenario político y religioso del imperio español a las puertas del siglo XIX.
Estimating greenhouse gas emissions arising from the maintenance of sewer networks
Authors: Hacker Jonathan , Kerwin Sean , Adey Bryan
Published: May 2022

As the push to reduce global carbon dioxide emissions intensifies, infrastructure managers are rethinking how maintenance is planned and executed to minimise greenhouse gases (GHGs) without sacrificing the performance of their infrastructure networks. This paper addresses this need. The work includes a detailed description of the estimation of GHG emissions that arise from common sewer maintenance interventions. These detailed estimates were subsequently used to project emissions from three maintenance scenarios for a large sewer network. The study found that emissions from maintenance mainly originate from materials and that emissions from transport, traffic congestion and machinery were of secondary importance. The current practice promises the lowest emissions up to 2035 but does not address the ageing pipe network. As a consequence, the network condition and performance deteriorate further as failures rapidly accumulate. Embracing preventive maintenance coupled with circular economy thinking is shown to be an effective solution to improve the network condition and performance while at the same time offering savings of 6222 t carbon dioxide a year. These findings provide infrastructure managers with a detailed example of the potential of circular economy thinking in reducing long-term emissions along with insights into the expected trade-offs that arise with network performance and resource utilisation.
Water and sediment quality characteristics of medium saline traditional shrimp culture system (bheri)
Authors: Priyadarsani Leesa , Abraham Thangapalam Jawahar
Published: May 2022

Quality of water in shrimp culture ponds depends on several physical, chemical and biological processes. In this study, the physico-chemical characteristics of water and sediment samples from inlet, pond and outlet of a traditional shrimp culture pond, locally called as bheri, were examined for nine months from March to November 2011. Majority of the physicochemical parameters of bheri were well within the optimum levels. The average BOD values in pond water and outlet water were 2.03 ppm and 2.33 ppm, respectively. In pond water, the levels of ammonia were from 0.012 to 0.033 ppm, which was well within the safe level (<0.1 ppm). The present study recorded low levels of nitrite (0.0037 to 0.0043 ppm) and nitrate (0.056 - 0.091 ppm) in pond water, which was within the safe levels recommended for shrimp farming. These physicochemical parameters did not affect the cultured shrimp as there was no incidence of diseases or growth retardation during the culture period. The effluent water characteristics also did not vary much and well within the recommended levels for protecting the coastal ecosystem. It is unlikely that the traditional shrimp culture pose any adverse environmental effect when effluents are discharged into the open coastal ecosystem.
Evaluation of extracellular enzyme-producing autochthonous gut bacteria in walking catfish, Clarias batrachus (L.)
Authors: Dey Atrayee , Ghosh Koushik , Hazra Niladri
Published: May 2022

The present study was carried out to screen autochthonous gut bacteria in freshwater air breathing walking catfish, Clarias batrachus Linnaeus. Altogether, 100 extracellular enzyme-producing bacteria were isolated from the foregut (FG) and hindgut (HG) regions. Data were presented as log viable counts g-1 gut (LVC). The occurrence of heterotrophic bacterial population was higher in the FG region (LVC = 8.25) than the HG (LVC= 7.3). Similarly, proteolytic, amylolytic and lipolytic bacteria in FG outnumbered (LVC=7.25, 6.77 and 5.23 respectively) the HG (LVC=6.38, 5.58 and 4.04 respectively). However, occurrence of cellulolytic bacteria in both, FG and HG was less (LVC=2.1 and 1.34 respectively) in comparison to the other extracellular enzyme-producing bacteria. Out of the 100 bacterial isolates, 22 isolates were primarily selected through qualitative assay of extracellular enzyme activities. Among them, 3 promising isolates were chosen as potent extracellular enzyme producers on the basis of cumulative scores (≥11) of the qualitative assay and quantitative enzyme assay. Maximum protease activity was revealed by the strain FG10 (201±2.40U), while FG43 exhibited maximum amylase (208.3±10.8U) and lipase (4.73±0.05U) activities. Among the strains isolated from the HG, the highest protease (188.3±1.2U), amylase (97.6±0.46U) and lipase (3.7±0.11U) activities were recorded with the strain HG01.
Fishing gears and methods in the Chalan Beel, Bangladesh
Authors: Sultana Nahid , Islam M Nazrul
Published: May 2022

Present study on fishing gears and methods in the Chalan Beel was conducted during the period of July 2011 to June 2014. The Chalan Beel is the large network of fluvial waters body that harbors rich ichthyofaunal diversity. Most of the fishing methods of the Chalan Beel are primitive, based on indigenous traditional knowledge and well suited to turbulent nature of the streams. In this study thirty fishing methods and gears have been documented and classified into five categories- fishing nets, traps, wounding gears, hooks and lines, and others. Many of these were harmful to fishes as well as aquatic biodiversity. Effective measurements are required to make proper use of the Chalan Beel.
Rapid review on the use of new age induced breeding agent ‘LHRHa’ in Indian finfish seed production sector
Authors: Roy Koushik
Published: May 2022

A focused review on the use of LHRHa in induced breeding of fishes in India was made. Use of LHRHa is mainly restricted to high value brackish water and marine fish species whose market value generally exceeds INR 300-400/kg (USD 4.5-6/kg). Published information on use of LHRHa in induced breeding of fishes in India could document only twelve species out of which nine were brackishwater or marine fish. Besides length and weight, the egg diameter of female fishes (>0.45–0.7 mm) is an important criterion for treating the fishes with LHRHa. LHRHa is either used alone or in combination with HCG (most popular), PGE, 17α-MT and Pimozide. Dosage of 20-70 µg/kg body weight for females and 10-40 µg/kg body weight for males with a latency period of 24-36 hours is most common in India. Experiments with LHRHa are being carried out mainly by ICAR-CIBA, Chennai (dominant) and ICAR-CMFRI, Kochi. Standardization and optimization of LHRHa dosage has been attained in Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer), Cobia (Rachycentron canadum), Grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) and Spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) while in Grouper (Epinephelus tauvina), Moonfish (Monodactylus argenteus), Milk fish (Chanos chanos), Crescent Bass (Terapon jarbua) and Silver Pompano (Trachinotus blochii), it is under progress.
Food aid programme during restricted hilsa fishing period: effectiveness and management perspective
Authors: Mredul Md. Mahamudul Hasan , Uddin Md. Ektear , Pervez A K M Kanak , Yesmin Farhana , Akkas Antara Binte
Published: May 2022

Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) is geographically and economically important species in Bangladesh. To conserve hilsa, the government of Bangladesh has introduced fishing ban for certain periods of the year and also provides food assistance to hilsa fishers during the restriction period. Inadequate management often pushes real fishers out of the assistance programme and therefore, this study focused on assessing the effectiveness of the programme with a view to proposing a better management practice. A total of 202 randomly selected fishermen, living in the villages adjacent to Andharmanik River of Patuakhali district of Bangladesh, were interviewed. The Andharmanik River is famous for the natural breeding of hilsa. Results suggest that the amount of food provided and its distribution pattern were not that effective for the fishermen. Effectiveness was significantly related to the number of earning able family member, income difference between peak and restricted season and loan facility during the restriction period. This study also explained income difference trajectories of the fishermen community. Community-based management with facilitation by the state fisheries department and local government entity may enhance the programme effectiveness. More awareness programme and research are needed in this regard.
Population dynamics of bearded croaker Johnius dussumieri (Cuvier, 1830) from Pakistani waters
Authors: Baset Abdul , Liu Qun , Liao Baochao , Waris Abdul , Yanan Han , Qingqing Zhang , Ahmad Imtiaz
Published: May 2022

In this study the length frequency data of 2510 bearded croaker Johnius dussumieri (Cuvier, 1830), collected from the coast of Pakistan during 2015, were analysed. Total length of the specimens (male and female combined) varied from 4 to 25 cm with dominant individuals ranged between 12 and 15 cm whereas the body weight varied between 3 and 155 g. The length frequency data were analysed for the estimation of population dynamics and the power coefficient b of length weight relationship was estimated as 2.83. Other measurements were as follows: asymptotic length, L∞ = 26.25 cm; growth coefficient, K = 1.00 year–1; total mortality, Z = 2.43 year–1; and natural mortality, M = 1.82 year–1. The fishing mortality (F) and exploitation ratio (E) were 0.61 year–1 and 0.251 respectively. The Biological Reference Points (BRPs) with Gulland method for this fishery (Fopt) was estimated 1.82 year–1 which is higher than current fish mortality. Therefore the present study shows that the J. dussumieri fishery is safe in Pakistan.
Seasonal variation of cladocera in a perennial pond, Ambajogai (Maharashtra), India
Authors: Sakhare Vishwas Balasaheb , Chalak Ashwini Dnyandeo
Published: May 2022

A systematic investigation on seasonal variations of cladocera in Udayan Sarovar, a perennial pond  near Swami Ramanand Teerth Mahavidyalaya at Ambajogai (Maharashtra, India) was carried out for a period of one year from June 2018 to May 2019. A total of 9 species of cladocera were identified. The cladoceran diversity fluctuated seasonally and the maximum number of 240 organisms L–1 was recorded during month of April and minimum number of 22 organisms L–1 during the month of September.
Are haematological and biochemical properties of freshwater spotted snakehead Channa punctata (Bloch, 1793) season and sex dependent?
Authors: Singh Minakshi , Kashyap Ankur , Serajuddin Mohammad
Published: May 2022

Freshwater murrel, Channa punctata commonly known as “spotted snakehead” is a popular fish because of its taste and price. Haematological and biochemical profile of fish helps in understanding the fish health and play an important role in fisheries management. The present work was carried out to determine season (summer, monsoon and winter) and sex dependent variations in the blood profile of C. punctata. Haematological [red blood cell counts (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb)] and serum biochemical parameters [blood glucose, total protein, cholesterol, triglyceride (Tg), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), serum calcium levels] of C. punctata were analysed which varied significantly with seasons (p < 0.05). The level of glucose, total protein, Tg, VLDL, RBC, Hb and PCV was low during monsoon season because of the growth and development of gonads compared to the summer and winter season. The level of cholesterol and LDL was high during monsoon. However, haematological and biochemical parameters were not sex dependent. The seasonal haematological and biochemical variations in the fish were mainly due to the physiological acclimatisation of the fish to variations in the environmental condition and feeding regime.
Development of a model for predicting mussel weight: a comparison of traditional and artificial intelligent methods
Authors: Uba Kaent Immanuel N.
Published: May 2022

The relationship between length and weight is non-linear. Predictive modelling using linear regression methods subjects these variables to transformation which results in models of poor predictive value. Hence, a comparative study on developing a predictive model using traditional (length-weight relationship, LWR; multiple linear regression, MLR) and artificial intelligent (artificial neural networks, ANN) methods was conducted. Specimens (n = 320) of the horse mussel Modiolus modulaides were randomly collected from October 2018 to March 2019 at the coastal area of Dumangas, Iloilo, Philippines. Shell length, shell width and shell height were used as predictor variables for total weight. A multi-layer perceptron architecture model was used and the values were determined by the ANNs model using the actual data. In addition, LWR and MLR models were generated from the same data after log-transformation. The results indicated superiority of the ANN model to predict mussel weight to traditional LWR and MLR models. The ANNs model had the highest correlation coefficient and lowest errors among the predictive models. The ANNs model generated from this study can be a good alternative to existing models and may be useful in sustainable fisheries management.
The olfactory organ in the Gangetic catfish Ailia coila (Hamilton, 1822): structural and functional aspects
Authors: Ghosh Saroj Kumar
Published: May 2022

A study of the olfactory organ, with marked observation on cellular morphology of neuroepithelium was carried out in riverine catfish Ailia coila (Hamilton, 1822) using light and scanning electron microscopy. The elongated olfactory rosette within olfactory chamber was made up of 16 ± 2 leaf lets, the lamellae which connected laterally on the longitudinal central axis. The lamella consisted of two layers of epithelium enclosing the central core which contained connective tissue stroma along with blood vessels and nerve fibres. The epithelial lining displayed unequal compactness, was comprised of sensory receptor cells, undifferentiated basal cells, secretory mucous cells and two types of supporting cells differentiated as ciliated columnar or nonciliated oval type. Olfactory cells were identified by their staining emphasis, architecture, surface feature and distribution pattern in the mucosa. The surface of sensory epithelium was embossed with structurally distinct ciliated, microvillous and rod receptor cells for procuring olfactory stimuli from aquatic surroundings. The structural composition of the olfactory organ was dissertated with chemosensory system of the fish involved.
Effects of different background colors on adult spawning, egg hatchability, and larval survival of zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Dela Cruz Marwin B.
Published: May 2022

Background color has significant effects on the reproductive and survival performance of fish species. While zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a popular species in laboratory and recreational aquaculture, very little has been known about its background color preference. Thus, this study evaluated the effects of different colors of aquaria on the spawning, hatching, and survival of this species. The study found that zebrafish do not have color preference for spawning. Though red and black backgrounds are statistically comparable, these colors showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) hatching and survival rates than other colors used in this study. Furthermore, performance of red was higher than black but it was not statistically significant. This study reveals that, among all colors evaluated, red is the most suitable for hatching of zebrafish eggs and survival of its larvae whereas, yellow and transparent should be avoided.
Potential use of mud clam (Geloina coaxans) in producing sauce with papaya crude extraction as a protein hydrolysing agent
Authors: Wijerathna Hitihami Mudiyanselage Sarath Mahinda , Radampola Kumudu , Cyril Hewa Waduge
Published: May 2022

Mud clam (Geloina coaxans) are underutilised food source due to the lack of consumer preference in Sri Lanka. Hence, this study was conducted to produce clam sauce as a value added product using the muscle of mud clams by means of accelerated fermentation method. Specimens were collected from Tambalagam Bay, Sri Lanka. Shell length, height, inflation, total weight with shell and without shell were 6.3 ± 0.4 cm, 5.3 ± 0.3 cm, 3.5 ± 0.3 cm, 83.1 ± 13.4 g and 14.9 ± 1.3 g respectively. The extracted mean meat yield was 14.9 ± 1.3% per mud clam. Moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and ash (dry weight) content of raw meat were 80.45 ± 0.89%, 64.14 ± 0.96%, 3.55 ± 0.39% and 7.54 ± 0.61% respectively. Final sauce product shows liquid yield, energy value, 0Brix value, pH, % NaCl, total nitrogen, moisture and ash content as 98.3 ± 5.5 ml 100g–1, 2124 ± 133 J g–1, 24.3 ± 0.9%, 5.02 ± 0.04, 14.53 ± 0.27%, 0.27 ± 0.01%, 74.06 ± 0.56% and 19.66 ± 1.99% respectively. The study concluded that the mud clam meat is a possible candidate as a raw material for the production of clam sauce.
Ichthyofaunal diversity and fishery status of Sutrapada Coast, Gujarat, India
Authors: Singh Santosh Kumar , Sarma Kangkan Jyoti , Bhatt Dhaval M. , Mankodi Pradeep C.
Published: May 2022

Gujarat being a state having largest coastline and highest continental shelf in India represents diverse coastal habitats. Gujarat has vast potential of marine bioresources and offer considerable scope for marine fisheries. The ichthyofaunal diversity of Sutrapada, Gir Somnath district, Gujarat was investigated for a period of three years from June 2015 to June 2018 through the analysis of fish catch data of trawl fisheries and achieves of Fisheries Department, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology - Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CIFT-CMFRI), Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA) and Commissioner Fisheries Office, Veraval. During this study period, 114 fish species belonging to 55 families and 93 genera were identified. The paper emphasizes the importance of further research on respective families for understanding of its distribution, ecology and conservation status.
Pathology of systemic multiple bacterial infections and peritonitis in hatchery-produced African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) larvae
Authors: Abraham Thangapalam Jawahar , Adikesavalu Harresh , Banerjee Sayani
Published: May 2022

Diseases are the major problems that have a significant impact on African catfish Clarias gariepinus seed production. This study reports the necropsy, microscopy, bacteriology and histopathology of diseased catfish larvae that experienced mass mortalities (>80%). The gill filaments of diseased larvae revealed no ectoparasites. The intestines had no parasitic association. About 35 – 40% of the dead larvae had ruptured abdomen. The affected larvae had abdominal haemorrhages and disintegrated intestine with marked degenerative and inflammatory changes, which indicated peritonitis. Bacteria including Aeromonas veronii, Edwardsiella tarda and Pseudomonas putida were isolated from the haemorrhagic exudates of diseased catfish larvae. Histopathology demonstrated dense melanomacrophage aggregates in the spleen. The intestine had extensive degeneration, basophilic margination and disintegration of the mucosal layer. The kidney section suggested a suppurative infection with necrosis of haematopoietic tissue, inflammation of the epithelial tissue, vacuolar degenerations and hypoplastic haematopoietic tissue. Aeromonas veronii and E. tarda immersion challenge at 5×106 cells mL–1 yielded no mortalities under laboratory conditions. Nevertheless, the hatchery management measures and the laboratory analyses supported peritonitis with systemic multiple bacterial infections in the observed large-scale motilities of excessively fed larvae.
Species suitability for small indigenous species (SIS) of fish farming in carp polyculture ponds under drought prone area
Authors: Harun-Ur-Rashid Md. , Hossain Md. Akhtar , Mondol Md. Mostafizur Rahman , Nabi S.M. Nurun , Sikendar Md. Abu , Hossain Md. Anwar
Published: May 2022

Reduced culture period with lack of guidelines in selecting appropriate species are major constraints for promotion of small indigenous species (SIS) based carp polyculture in ponds under drought prone area. In order to address this issue, an experiment was conducted to determine the suitable species for farming of SIS fishes in carp polyculture ponds in Rajshahi district, Bangladesh. Three different species of SIS fishes were tested under three treatments (T1, Heteropneustes fossilis; T2, Clarias batrachus; T3, Mystus cavasius). Carp species were Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Gibelion catla and Labeo rohita. Stocking density of SIS fishes (37050 individuals ha–1) and carps (H. molitrix, 500; G. catla, 250 and L. rohita 250 individuals ha–1) were same for all the treatments. Fishes were fed 35% protein containing supplementary feed twice a day at the rate of 6% of biomass. Common water quality parameters were monitored monthly and found within the suitable range for fish culture. Treatment T2 was significantly higher than others in terms of fish yield and cost benefit ratio. Further research is also recommended to optimize the stocking density of C. batrachus based carp polyculture.
Population structure and some growth properties of endemic Aphanius marassantensis Pfleiderer, Geiger & Herder 2014 in Süreyyabey Dam Lake, Turkey
Authors: Benzer Semra
Published: May 2022

The present study was carried out to assess the population structure, growth and condition factor of Aphanius marasantensis Pfleiderer, Geiger & Herder 2014 in Süreyyabey Dam Lake, Turkey. The age of A. marassantensis ranged between 0+ and 3+ years. The sex percentage was determined as 62.30% males and 37.70% females. Total length and body weight of individuals ranged from 2.8 – 4.10 cm and 0.305 – 1.371 g respectively. The von Bertalanffy growth equations were calculated as Lt = 384.001 [1 – e–0.235 (t + 0.88)]; Wt = 1365.52 [1 – e–0.235 (t + 0.88)] 3.1217. The condition factor for all individual was 1.676.
On the investigation of electroanaesthesia in Labeo rohita under DC and PDC electric field
Authors: Chakraborty Nabanita , De Aakash , Ghosh Sandip Kumar , De Tarun Kumar
Published: May 2022

This study investigates electroanaesthesia under Direct Current (DC) and three low frequency Pulsed Direct current (PDC) of 1 Hz, 3 Hz and 6 Hz in Labeo rohita. All the current types in this study were effective in anaesthetizing L. rohita with fast induction and rapid recovery period in all fishes. The threshold value of voltage gradient (V cm–1) for inducing anaesthesia was higher in DC than PDCs. Opercular movements were significantly lower during anaesthesia, significantly higher one minute after recovery in all current types and reduced significantly in DC, PDC 1 Hz and PDC 3 Hz after 10 min of recovery from anaesthesia. Blood glucose level returned to the near control values after 8 hours of exposure in all current types in this study. DC sharp rise and PDC 3Hz may be preferred for inducing anaesthesia considering the recommended criteria of anaesthetic induction and recovery time. Result of this study indicates that electroanaesthesia technique with fast induction and rapid recovery may proffer a cost effective, safe and ecofriendly alternative for aquaculture activities in L. rohita.
Effect of treatments and washing cycles on the quality of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) protein concentrate
Authors: Alcalde Lígia Boarin , Cavenaghi-Altemio Ângela Dulce , Fonseca Gustavo Graciano
Published: May 2022

The extraction of proteins from wastes reduces production costs and environmental pollution. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of two treatments involving decanting/sieving or centrifugation and the number of washing cycles on the quality of protein concentrate obtained from mechanically separated meat (MSM) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Results were analyzed in terms of final yield and proximate composition (moisture, protein, fat and ash) after each washing cycle. Moisture did not vary statistically with the treatments and after the third washing cycle. However, the process involving centrifugation was more efficient for protein concentration because the final protein content increased 2.0 folds (79.82%, dry basis) and fat decreased 6.1 folds (8.29%, dry basis). After four washing cycles, it was obtained a protein concentrate with 79.82% protein, 8.29% lipid and 0.45% ash (dry basis), and 80.0% yield, using the centrifugation procedure. Visual whiteness was highly improved after four washing cycles using both processes. It was concluded that the centrifugation process with four washing cycles was the most appropriate method for producing protein concentrate from MSM of Nile tilapia.
Fish fauna of the Brahmaputra River, Bangladesh: richness, threats and conservation needs
Authors: Galib Shams Muhammad
Published: May 2022

The Brahmaputra River is one of the largest rivers in the world as well as in Bangladesh. The present study was carried out for a period of one year from January to December 2013 with a view to assessing the availability of fishes in the river with species emphasis on species richness, existing threats and conservation issues. Daytime and night sampling were carried out in three sites located along the upstream to downstream course of the river on a monthly basis. Three fishing gears including cast net, seine net and drag net and one fishing trap were employed to collect fishes. A total of 67 finfish species including 63 indigenous and 4 exotic/alien species have been recorded belonging to 46 genera, 24 families and 8 orders. Cypriniformes and Cyprinidae were the most dominating order (21 species) family (15 species) of native fishes. A small portion (2%) of native fishes was globally threatened. Over one third of total species (38%) were considered threatened to extinct species in Bangladesh. Population trend of over two third of total fish species was Declining in the river. Major threats were alien/invasive species, banned fishing gears and loss of habitats.
Mudskipper fishing in the coast of Bhavnagar, Gulf of Khambhat, Gujarat, India
Authors: Kanejiya Jignesh , Solanki Devendra , Beleem Imtiyaz , Gohil Bharatsinh
Published: May 2022

Coastal areas of Bhavnagar district harbors wide range of ichthyofaunal diversity and diverse fisheries resources. The fishermen in this area use wide range of fishing methods and gears, which evolved traditionally and being adept extensively in Bhavnagar coastline. Livelihood of these fishermen is almost entirely depends on mudskipper fishing and they employ three types of fishing methods to catch them i.e. direct catch through digging the burrow, stick traps around mudskipper holes, and by nylon net. Fishing by using nylon net is the most commonly used method compared to others.