bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HAULAS: una estrategia para potenciar la competencia escrita en lengua extranjera en la sociedad del conocimiento
Authors: Mounkoro Ismaila
Published: February 2023

La producción escrita ha sido presentada como una de las competencias más difíciles y tediosa.

Debido a lo anterior, el propósito de este artículo fue presentar la estrategia HAULAS y sus ejes principales. HAULAS es una estrategia innovadora para preparar a los aprendices a enfrentar los retos de la sociedad del conocimiento. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y para incrementar el conocimiento sobre la estrategia desarrollada presentando la metodología de esta y sus ejes y un estudio cuantitativo analizando los resultados. Participaron en la en el estudio experimental 147 estudiantes de entre 13 y 45 años. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que los ejes centrales de la estrategia HAULAS, tales como el aprendizaje colaborativo, el aprendizaje basado en problema y la evaluación, son ejes claves para motivar a los estudiantes y mejorar sus producciones escritas con el fin de prepararlos para la sociedad del conocimiento. Por lo que se sugiere un estudio experimental con una muestra más amplia.
Tumor Mutation Burden and Tumor Microenvironment as Biomarkers of Glioma Treatment Outcome and Prognosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol
Authors: Meza Kyaruzi Victor , Mduma Emmanuel , Takoutsing Berjo , Abdelhammed Ahmed , Sikakulya Franck , Wekesa Emmanuel , Ngamba Ramadhani , Sabas Deodatus , Rabiel Happines , Shabhay Zarina , Mchome Laurent , Esene Ignatius , Mwakigonja Amos
Published: February 2023

Background: Gliomas are the most common solid malignant tumors of the brain; diffuse gliomas pose a remarkable conundrum on treatment strategy. WHO Grade IV (Glioblastomas) delineate a refractory resistance to treatment even with standard combination regimen therapy of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy causing increased recurrence rate with a median survival of less than one year. Management of gliomas is precluded by several factors including intra and inter tumoral heterogeneity, genomic landscape and microenvironment immunosuppression ability, which spell the inflicted pathways that counteract the therapeutic interventions. This is systematic review aiming to evaluate the effect of Tumor Mutation Burden (TMB) and Tumor Microenvironment (TME) as biomarkers of treatment outcome and prognosis of gliomas. Methods and Analysis: This systematic Review and Meta-analysis will consider the PRISMA 2020 guideline correspondence. For source of literature evidence several electronic databases including EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Semantic Scholar and Google scholar will be searched. All non-RCTs peer reviewed original research articles addressing the prognostic role of tumor mutation burden, tumor mutation pathways, microenvironment will be included, and data will be extracted using the Ms Excel Sheets. Studies with homogeneity and low risk of bias according to NOS 4-9 will constitute a Meta-analysis for evaluating the effect of TMB, Mutation pathways and Microenvironment for treatment outcome and prognosis of glioma. Ethical Consideration and Dissemination: Ethical approval does not apply for there is no human participant involvement in this review study .The findings of this study will be disseminated at scientific conferences and the manuscript for publication will be submitted for publication to a reputable peer reviewed journal of Neurosurgery. This review was registered at PROSPERO CRD42022377829.
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Therapy: From Discovery to Type 2 Diabetes and Beyond
Authors: Viljoen Adie , Bain Stephen C.
Published: February 2023

The therapeutic benefits of the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1), for people with type 2 diabetes and/or obesity, are now firmly established. The evidence-base arising from head-to-head comparative effectiveness studies in people with type 2 diabetes, as well as the recommendations by professional guidelines suggest that GLP1 receptor agonists should replace more traditional treatment options such as sulfonylureas and dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors. Furthermore, their benefits in reducing cardiovascular events in people with type 2 diabetes beyond improvements in glycaemic control has led to numerous clinical trials seeking to translate this benefit beyond type 2 diabetes. Following early trial results their therapeutic benefit is currently being tested in other conditions including fatty liver disease, kidney disease, and Alzheimer’s disease.
Desigualdades de remuneração no serviço público de 2000 a 2019 : trajetórias recente e estágio atual
Authors: Teles José
Published: February 2023

Este capítulo tem por objetivo contribuir para a literatura dedicada à relação entre mercado de trabalho do setor público e desigualdade, particularmente para o conjunto de textos que se dedica ao estudo das desigualdades internas na composição da força de trabalho do Estado.
Quando o teto de vidro se torna de concreto : a sub-representação de mulheres negras nos postos diretivos do Executivo federal entre 1999 e 2020
Authors: Pinheiro Luana
Published: February 2023

Este capítulo se propõe a abordar um tema tradicional dos estudos sobre desigualdade de gênero, qual seja, a persistente sub-representação das mulheres nos cargos de poder e decisão. As reflexões sobre a baixa presença de mulheres nestes postos têm se constituído em um campo importante de pesquisa desde, pelo menos, meados dos anos 1970. Isso se deu porque foi a partir deste período que as taxas de participação feminina na força de trabalho começaram a crescer de forma expressiva, movimento que foi acompanhado por uma ampliação da escolaridade desse grupo populacional.
As Capacidades estatais, serviços e trabalhadores na política de assistência social no Brasil
Authors: Jannuzzi Paulo , Bronzo Carla , Ferrarezi Elisabete , Brandão Lucas , Ferreira Ulisses
Published: February 2023

Neste texto, foi abordado o processo de construção das capacidades estatais para o desenvolvimento da política de assistência social, desde o seu início, quando não era considerada uma área de atuação governamental. Antes, as instituições filantrópicas eram as principais responsáveis pela provisão da política, agindo com base na benemerência, caridade e favor, enquanto o governo atuava de forma fragmentada, sem estrutura organizacional e arcabouço normativo e institucional. No entanto, ao longo dos anos 2000 e 2010, foram apresentadas inovações institucionais e melhorias na capacidade política e administrativa dos programas e serviços socioassistenciais no Brasil.
O Crescimento do funcionalismo legislativo : profissionalização ou patronagem ?
Authors: Almeida Acir
Published: February 2023

Este capítulo analisa o crescimento do funcionalismo legislativo durante a Nova República, com o objetivo de verificar em que medida ele apresenta padrões consistentes com profissionalização ou, alternativamente, patronagem. Para tanto, produzem-se evidências descritivas e econométricas originais, com base nos dados anuais do Atlas do Estado Brasileiro sobre os Legislativos da União, Unidades da Federação (UFs) e capitais municipais, no período 1985-2019.
Beyond UVJ: Color Selection of Galaxies in the JWST Era
Authors: Antwi-Danso Jacqueline , Papovich Casey , Leja Joel , Marchesini Danilo , Marsan Z. Cemile , Martis Nicholas S. , Labbé Ivo , Muzzin Adam , Glazebrook Karl , Straatman Caroline M. S. , Tran Kim-Vy H.
Published: February 2023

We present a new rest-frame color–color selection method using synthetic u

s
− g

s
and g

s
− i

s
, (ugi)
s
colors to identify star-forming and quiescent galaxies. Our method is similar to the widely used U − V versus V − J (UVJ) diagram. However, UVJ suffers known systematics. Spectroscopic campaigns have shown that UVJ-selected quiescent samples at z ≳ 3 include ∼10%–30% contamination from galaxies with dust-obscured star formation and strong emission lines. Moreover, at z > 3, UVJ colors are extrapolated because the rest-frame band shifts beyond the coverage of the deepest bandpasses at <5 μm (typically Spitzer/IRAC 4.5 μm or future JWST/NIRCam observations). We demonstrate that (ugi)
s
offers improvements to UVJ at z > 3, and can be applied to galaxies in the JWST era. We apply (ugi)
s
selection to galaxies at 0.5 < z < 6 from the (observed) 3D-HST and UltraVISTA catalogs, and to the (simulated) JAGUAR catalogs. We show that extrapolation can affect (V − J)0 color by up to 1 mag, but changes

(

g

s

−

i

s

)

0

color by ≤0.2 mag, even at z ≃ 6. While (ugi)
s
-selected quiescent samples are comparable to UVJ in completeness (both achieve ∼85%–90% at z = 3–3.5), (ugi)
s
reduces contamination in quiescent samples by nearly a factor of 2, from ≃35% to ≃17% at z = 3, and from ≃60% to ≃33% at z = 6. This leads to improvements in the true-to-false-positive ratio (TP/FP), where we find TP/FP ≳2.2 for (ugi)
s
at z ≃ 3.5 − 6, compared to TP/FP < 1 for UVJ-selected samples. This indicates that contaminants will outnumber true quiescent galaxies in UVJ at these redshifts, while (ugi)
s
will provide higher-fidelity samples.
Tracing the Accretion Geometry of H1743-322 with Type C Quasiperiodic Oscillations in Multiple Outbursts
Authors: Shui Qing C. , Zhang S. , Chen Yu P. , Zhang Shuang N. , Kong Ling D. , Wang Peng J. , Ji L. , Yin Hong X. , Qu Jin L. , Tao L. , Ge Ming Y. , Peng Jing Q. , Chang Z. , Li J. , Zhang P.
Published: February 2023

We present a systematic analysis of type C quasiperiodic oscillation (QPO) observations of H1743-322 throughout the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer era. We find that, while different outbursts have significant flux differences, they show consistent positive correlations between the QPO fractional rms amplitude and nonthermal fraction of the emission, which indicate an independence of the intrinsic QPO rms on individual outburst brightnesses in H1743-322. However, the dependence of the QPO rms on frequency is different between the outburst rise and decay phases, where the QPO fractional rms of the decay phase is significantly lower than that of the rise phase at low frequencies. The spectral analysis also reveals different ranges of coronal temperature between the two outburst stages. A semiquantitative analysis shows that the Lense–Thirring precession model could be responsible for the QPO rms differences, requiring a variable coronal geometric shape. However, the variable-Comptonization model could also account for the findings. The fact that the rms differences and the hysteresis traces in the hardness–intensity diagram accompany each other indicates a connection between the two phenomena. By correlating the findings with QPO phase lags and the quasi-simultaneous radio flux previously published, we propose there could be corona-jet transitions in H1743-322 similar to those that have been recently reported in GRS 1915+105.
The Distance to High-velocity Cloud Complex M
Authors: Verschuur G. L. , Schmelz J. T.
Published: February 2023

λ-21 cm HI4PI survey data are used to study the anomalous-velocity hydrogen gas associated with high-velocity cloud Complex M. These high-sensitivity, high-resolution, high-dynamic-range data show that many of the individual features, including MI, MIIa, and MIIb, are components of a long, arched filament that extends from about (l, b) = (105°, 53°) to (l, b) = (196°, 55°). Maps at different velocities, results from Gaussian analysis, and observations of associated high-energy emission make a compelling case that the MI cloud and the arched filament are physically interacting. If this is the case, we can use the distance to MI, 150 pc as reported by Schmelz & Verschuur, to set the distance to Complex M. The estimated mass of Complex M is then about 120 M
⊙, and the energy implied using the observed line-of-sight velocity, −85 km s−1, is 8.4 × 1048 erg. Integrating over 4π sr, the total energy for a spherically symmetrical explosion is estimated to be 1.9 × 1050 erg, well within the energy budget of a typical supernova.
Plasmoids, Flows, and Jets during Magnetic Reconnection in a Failed Solar Eruption
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , T. Karpen Judith , Antiochos Spiro K. , DeVore C. Richard , Wyper Peter F. , Cho Kyung-Suk
Published: February 2023

We report a detailed analysis of a failed eruption and flare in active region 12018 on 2014 April 3 using multiwavelength observations from the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly, IRIS, STEREO, and Hinode/Solar Optical Telescope. At least four jets were observed to emanate from the cusp of this small active region (large bright point) with a null-point topology during the 2 hr prior to the slow rise of a filament. During the filament slow rise multiple plasma blobs were seen, most likely formed in a null-point current sheet near the cusp. The subsequent filament eruption, which was outside the IRIS field of view, was accompanied by a flare but remained confined. During the explosive flare reconnection phase, additional blobs appeared repetitively and moved bidirectionally within the flaring region below the erupting filament. The filament kinked, rotated, and underwent leg–leg reconnection as it rose, yet it failed to produce a coronal mass ejection. Tiny jet-like features in the fan loops were detected during the filament slow rise/preflare phase. We interpret them as signatures of reconnection between the ambient magnetic field and the plasmoids leaving the null-point sheet and streaming along the fan loops. We contrast our interpretation of these tiny jets, which occur within the large-scale context of a failed filament eruption, with the local nanoflare-heating scenario proposed by Antolin et al.
Can Cosmological Simulations Reproduce the Spectroscopically Confirmed Galaxies Seen at z ≥ 10?
Authors: Keller B. W. , Munshi F. , Trebitsch M. , Tremmel M.
Published: February 2023

Recent photometric detections of extreme (z > 10) redshift galaxies from the JWST have been shown to be in strong tension with existing simulation models for galaxy formation and in the most acute case, in tension with ΛCDM itself. These results, however, all rest on the confirmation of these distances by spectroscopy. Recently, the JADES survey has detected the most distant galaxies with spectroscopically confirmed redshifts, with four galaxies found with redshifts between z = 10.38 and z = 13.2. In this Letter, we compare simulation predictions from four large cosmological volumes and two zoom-in protoclusters with the JADES observations to determine whether these spectroscopically confirmed galaxy detections are in tension with existing models for galaxy formation or with ΛCDM more broadly. We find that existing models for cosmological galaxy formation can generally reproduce the observations for JADES in terms of galaxy stellar masses, star formation rates, and the number density of galaxies at z > 10.
Radiative Reconnection-powered TeV Flares from the Black Hole Magnetosphere in M87
Authors: Hakobyan H. , Ripperda B. , Philippov A. A.
Published: February 2023

Active galactic nuclei in general, and the supermassive black hole in M87 in particular, show bright and rapid gamma-ray flares up to energies of 100 GeV and above. For M87, the flares show multiwavelength components, and the variability timescale is comparable to the dynamical time of the event horizon, suggesting that the emission may come from a compact region near the nucleus. However, the emission mechanism for these flares is not well understood. Recent high-resolution general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations show the occurrence of episodic magnetic reconnection events that can power flares near the black hole event horizon. In this work, we analyze the radiative properties of the reconnecting current layer under the extreme plasma conditions applicable to the black hole in M87 from first principles. We show that abundant pair production is expected in the vicinity of the reconnection layer, to the extent that the produced secondary pair plasma dominates the reconnection dynamics. Using analytic estimates backed by two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we demonstrate that in the presence of strong synchrotron cooling, reconnection can produce a hard power-law distribution of pair plasma imprinted in the outgoing synchrotron (up to a few tens of MeV) and the inverse-Compton signal (up to TeV). We produce synthetic radiation spectra from our simulations, which can be directly compared with the results of future multiwavelength observations of M87* flares.
Optical Characterization of the DART Impact Plume: Importance of Realistic Ejecta Scattering Properties
Authors: Lolachi Ramin , Glenar David A. , Stubbs Timothy J. , Kolokolova Ludmilla
Published: February 2023

The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission will impact the moon Dimorphos of the (65803) Didymos binary and demonstrate the kinetic impactor technique for planetary defense. Observations from the ride-along CubeSat companion, LICIACube, of the spatial structure and temporal evolution of the resulting ejecta plume will help determine the vector momentum transfer and constrain physical properties such as strength and porosity. The optical scattering properties of the ejecta particles used in plume simulations will dictate the critical relation between observed brightness and inferred ejecta mass (and momentum). Here we examine the scattering behavior of plausible analogs for Dimorphos ejecta particles, including laboratory-measured “millimeter grains” selected based on a comparison with Bennu particle photometry. Over the range of phase angles observable by LICIACube (≲120°), brightness simulations for optical depths ranging from 0.01 to 10 show that scattering from these analogs is considerably dimmer than from grains scattering isotropically. Therefore, adopting realistic scattering properties for ejecta particles is critical for accurately interpreting and understanding observations of the DART impact.
CLIL Teachers' Beliefs and Practices
Authors: Milla Ruth , Martínez Amaia Aguirregoitia
Published: February 2023

This chapter presents the main aspects of a study conducted to explore existing beliefs and perspectives on CLIL-teaching specific practices and methodological aspects. The study aimed at identifying the educational practices accepted by CLIL experienced teachers and comparing them with prospective primary education teachers' underlying assumptions both before and after explicit instruction on CLIL based on experts' advice. The analysis of the results seems to indicate that instruction has modified students' beliefs and that specific training may contribute to the alignment of in-service teachers' praxis with the suggestions by experts in the field, in areas such as identifying problems in advance, using the learners' mother tongue, correcting language errors, using authentic materials, or presenting content. Interestingly, the answers of both teachers and students acknowledge the effectiveness of CLIL, although they reveal that appropriate qualification and training are a matter of concern that could benefit teachers greatly.
Learning in Two Languages
Authors: Böttger Heiner , Müller Tanja
Published: February 2023

In the school years 2015/2016 and 2018/2019, the authors accompanied and evaluated 21 public elementary schools in Bavaria, Germany, in a research collaboration with the Bildungspakt Bayern Foundation about bilingual (German/English) instruction in German elementary schools. The goal was to investigate how high the potential of implicit teaching and learning in a bilingual primary context is. Altogether, over 900 students, parents, and 42 teachers participated in the empirical long-term study (over 5 years) Learning in Two Languages –Bilingual Elementary School English. The findings not only show that students taught in the bilingual classes have a foreign language advantage and perform at least as well in mathematics and German as students in regular classes do, but also that they have a very positive attitude towards learning English in elementary school. These findings, the study, and its theoretical background are aimed to be portrayed in short in this chapter.
Recent Developments in Chatbot Usability and Design Methodologies
Authors: Kuhail Mohammad Amin , Farooq Shahbano , Almutairi Shurooq
Published: February 2023

Chatbots are rapidly growing and becoming prevalent in many applications, including healthcare, education, and consumer services. As such, it is crucial to design chatbots with usability in mind. Traditional usability heuristics call for error prevention, consistency, and task efficiency. The heuristics are suited for all types of user interfaces, including chatbots. However, chatbots have their unique challenges, and thus, recently, some researchers have developed sets of usability guidelines specifically for chatbots. However, there is a shortage of studies that summarize the latest advances in chatbot usability design and assessment. As such, this chapter covers the existing general and chatbot-specific usability heuristics and examples of usage. Moreover, the chapter presents the recent developments in chatbot design techniques and challenges.
The Gendered Nature of Chatbots
Authors: Ashcroft Alice , Ashcroft Angela
Published: February 2023

The majority of chatbots are built, by default, as women. In doing so, dangerous stereotypes and behaviors are perpetuated by those responsible for designing the chatbots, and ultimately the users. It is therefore crucial that gender identity and expression are well understood by all those involved in designing the chatbots. This chapter explores this alongside a literature survey regarding feminist methodologies, anthropomorphism, and authenticity to put forward three recommendations. That those responsible for building chatbots should keep up to date with research, look to widen the diversity of their own team, and to integrate ethics in their design processes. Only in doing so will chatbots that are fit for purpose be built.
A Review on Chatbot Personality and Its Expected Effects on Users
Authors: Ferreira Marta , Barbosa Belem
Published: February 2023

The main objectives of this chapter are to provide an overview of chatbot personality dimensions and to analyze the expected impacts on user behavior. To accomplish these objectives, the chapter provides a detailed review of the main contributions in the literature regarding this topic. It highlights the chatbot personality characteristics that are expected to foster user satisfaction, trust, loyalty, and engagement. This information is useful for both practitioners and researchers, particularly related to customer service, as it provides clear guidance on what characteristics to incorporate in chatbots and on what factors need to be further studied in the future.
Additive Manufacturing Applications in Maritime Education
Authors: Gonzaga Elliot , Tuazon Brian Jumaquio , Garcia Joseph Alfred V. , Bulan Marlon , Liza Fred P. , Advincula Rigoberto C. , Dizon John Ryan C.
Published: February 2023

The Additive Manufacturing or 3D printing technology gives an unmatched flexibility and innovative solution to different problems of various industries, including maritime industry. Even though the application of this technology is mainly used in the manufacturing and shipbuilding sector of the industry, it is now also being used by some maritime schools or institutions, like the Maritime Academy of Asia and the Pacific (MAAP). Thus, this paper presents the recent applications of 3D printing in maritime industry, as a whole, and in the academe. The 3D printed projects created by MAAP faculty and students will also be demonstrated and discussed in this paper. Lastly, future perspectives on the application of 3D printing technology in maritime education, like what will be the possible impact if it was included in their curriculum, will be presented as well.
Sixth Generation seismic hazard model of Canada: final input files used to generate the 2020 National Building Code of Canada seismic hazard values
Authors: Kolaj M , Halchuk S , Adams J
Published: February 2023

The enclosed files provide OpenQuake compatible input files to reproduce the 6th Generation Seismic Hazard Model of Canada (CanadaSHM6) as used to produce the seismic hazard values for the 2020 edition of the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC 2020). Example
hazard values at selected localities are included, in order for other users to verify that the model has been implemented as we intended. This report contains minimal technical information on CanadaSHM6; complete documentation will be released as a separate Open File. This report supersedes Open
File 8630, and the values derived from the model and the online seismic hazard tool described herein supersede the trial values provided in Open File 8629.
Knowledge is (Reproductive) Power
Authors: Marks Claire , Prasad Priyanka K. , Stout Julianne
Published: February 2023

Background:

Recent data suggests female physicians can be up to twice as likely to experience infertility compared to the general population. Despite this, fertility and family planning are rarely incorporated into formal medical education. In this study, medical students’ knowledge and perspectives regarding childbearing were investigated along with how fertility-related information could be presented in medical curricula.

Materials and Methods:

An anonymous, online questionnaire was designed for this study, comprised of multiple choice, open ended, and Likert questions. Respondents were recruited from medical students in all phases of training at a large, Midwest medical school, yielding 184 responses. The survey included sections on knowledge, perspectives, curriculum, and demographics.

Results:

The average score on fertility knowledge was 70%. Most respondents were interested in having biological children (76% agreed/strongly agreed). Students worried about having children during medical education (71% agreed/strongly agreed). About 40% of respondents disagreed/strongly disagreed that their institution would support their decisions regarding family building. Respondents indicated benefits of delayed childbearing are financial stability, career establishment, and increased maturity. Nearly 80% of individuals preferred that fertility education be a required component of the medical curriculum.

Conclusions:

These results suggest many medical students hope to have children and are aware of the logistical challenges associated with childbearing during medical training. However, they may not fully appreciate the impact of biological decline in fertility over time, potentially a factor contributing to increased physician infertility. Further curricular content addressing fertility would be beneficial to undergraduate medical students.
Objective Structured Clinical Examination Case Writing
Authors: Leung Fok-Han , Sirianni Giovanna , Kulasegaram Kulamakan
Published: February 2023

The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is a commonly utilized modality to assess learner clinical skills in a simulated environment. It is important that OSCE cases are well written; A poorly constructed case can frustrate the learner, lack realism, and lead to disrupted narrative flow. An ideal response process in an OSCE case, or for any assessment, takes the learner to the patient’s bedside or puts them into the cognitive and affective state similar to that of clinical work. There are several parallels between writing OSCEs and creating Dungeons and Dragons (D&D) adventures. From determining the central conflict to designing D&D adventures using the classic three part structure, from creating challenging yet solvable challenges to distributing loot and treasure, the approaches and lessons of being a DM align with being an OSCE case writer.
Utility of Three-Dimensional Virtual and Printed Models for Veterinary Student Education in Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Markovic Lauren E. , Nguyen Sarah , Clouser Sherry
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a common heart defect that can be present in small and large animals at birth. Student understanding of normal and abnormal cardiac anatomy is imperative for proper diagnosis and management of CHD. Objectives were to create and use three-dimensional (3D) heart models during a workshop to understand veterinary student perception of 3D models for CHD education. We hypothesized that 3D models would enhance student understanding of CHD, and students would prefer 3D models during cardiac education.

Materials and Methods:

Computed tomography angiography datasets from canine patent ductus arteriosus were used to create 3D models. Segmentation and computer-aided design were performed. Virtual overlays of 3D models were displayed onto two-dimensional (2D) thoracic radiographs. Stereolithography files were fabricated by a 3D printer. Students participated in a CHD workshop consisting of 2D and 3D teaching stations. Self-assessment surveys before and after the workshop were completed.

Results:

Twenty-two veterinary students attended the workshop. The 3D-printed models were found to be the most helpful teaching modality based on students’ perception. The 3D-printed model (P < 0.0001) and the 3D digital model (P < 0.0001) were perceived to be significantly more helpful than the 2D radiograph station. All students strongly agreed (15/22) or agreed (7/22) that virtual models overlayed onto 2D radiographs enhanced their spatial recognition of anatomic structures. All students strongly agreed (17/22) and agreed (5/22) that the CHD workshop was a valuable learning opportunity.

Conclusion:

Creation of virtual and fabricated 3D heart models is feasible. Three-dimensional models may be helpful when understanding spatial recognition of cardiovascular anatomy on thoracic radiographs. We advocate using 3D heart models during CHD education.
Treatment satisfaction and medication adherence among hypertensive patients in a teaching hospital in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: AKPOR Oluwaseyi Abiodun , OLOWOLAJU Florence Olutola
Published: February 2023

Objective:

This study investigates treatment satisfaction and medication adherence among hypertensive patients attending the medical outpatient clinic of a teaching hospital in Ekiti State, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

The study design was descriptive and cross-sectional using quantitative research strategy. A systematic sampling technique was used in selecting 270 participants; a structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Medication adherence was assessed using the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, and treatment satisfaction was assessed using the 14-item Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication.

Results:

The study findings revealed that majority (73.7%) of the study participants had good knowledge of hypertension, while 44.4% had a good level of treatment satisfaction. Test of association of participants' sociodemographic characteristics revealed age (χ
2 = 23.773, P = 0.003) and occupation (χ
2 = 21.251, P = 0.019) to be significantly associated with treatment satisfaction. The level of medication adherence by the participants was observed to be relatively poor (50.4%). The educational status (χ
2 = 23.914, P = 0.001) and monthly income (χ
2 = 10.406, P = 0.034) of the participants showed significant association with medication adherence.

Conclusion:

The study recommends that improving patients' understanding of their disease and treatment with subsidizing hypertensive medications by the government will enhance medication adherence.
Symptom experience in patients with cancer-related fatigue
Authors: PENG Ke , ZHANG Mi , ZHANG Jie , YANG Dan , TANG Ling
Published: February 2023

To understand the real experiences of patients with cancer-related fatigue and to promote quality of life, the researchers used computer searches of PubMed, EMbase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, Wanfang Data, China Science and Technology Journal Database for relevant qualitative studies from the inception to November 1, 2021. The results showed that a total of 16 papers were included, and 57 outcomes were distilled into 9 categories, which were pooled into four integrated outcomes, such as somatic, psychological and social support and so on. It is concluded that patients with cancer-related fatigue are not only in the midst of multidimensional, unspeakable somatic experiences, and complex psychological experiences, they are also hindered in coping with fatigue symptom and social life. Therefore, healthcare professionals should provide health interventions and psychological support to those patients whenever possible.
Quality of life and psychological impact among chronic disease patients during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: AL MAQBALI Mohammed , ALSAYED Ahmad , BASHAYREH Ibrahim
Published: February 2023

Objective:

Patients diagnosed with chronic disease may experience psychological symptoms including depression, anxiety, insomnia, and fatigue, all of which may adversely affect their quality of life (QoL). The main objective of this study is to identify the level of QoL, to know the prevalence of these symptoms among chronic disease patients in Oman during the third wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and to explore the contributing factors.

Methods:

A cross-sectional and descriptive correlational design was used. Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants. Data were collected using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Therapy (FACT)–General, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Insomnia Severity Index, and the FACT–Fatigue subscale via Qualtrics® software. Linear regression analyses were used to explore factors that were associated with QoL.

Results:

Of 990 patients with chronic disease who participated, the mean total QoL score was 67.7 (standard deviation = 16.1). Participants aged above 51, those with a basic education, those with heart disease, or those with more than one comorbidity had a significantly lower QoL. Linear regression revealed that the main factors associated with lower QoL included heart disease (β = 0.05, P = 0.02), diabetes (β = 0.12, P < 0.01), having taken one dose of COVID-19 vaccine (β = 0.05, P = 0.04), anxiety (β = −0.24, P < 0.01), depression (β = −0.31, P < 0.01), insomnia (β = −0.12, P < 0.01), and fatigue (β = 0.27, P < 0.01).

Conclusions:

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly reduced the individuals' level of QoL and affected the mental health of patients diagnosed with chronic diseases. Appropriate strategies to monitor psychological problems and interventions to prevent and reduce these among such patients are needed.
Evaluation of adolescent/youth.friendly sexual and reproductive health services
Authors: AKINWALE Oladayo Damilola , BELLO Cecilia Bukola , AKPOR Oluwaseyi Abiodun , ELEMILE Mayowa Grace
Published: February 2023

Adolescent/youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services (SRHS) play a vital role in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with adolescent SRH. This review examined studies carried out on adolescent/youth-friendly SRHS with focus on availability, accessibility, utilization as well as perception of health care providers, and adolescents about the services. The study design was systematic review of empirical studies using a well-defined strategy. Online journal was searched comprehensively using Web of Science, Google Scholars databases, PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE. Other sources were identified through the scanning of references of selected sources. The articles selected were between 2016 and 2022 and had qualitative/quantitative and mixed methods. The articles that met the selection criteria were also screened using PRISMA-P guidelines and SPIDER framework for systematic review was further used for inclusion criteria based on the following concepts: sample, phenomenon of interest, design, evaluation and research type. A total number of 32 studies were included in the study and findings were reported based on the five emerging themes. The review showed that majority of the adolescents were not aware of adolescent/youth-friendly SRHS, some health care providers were not also in support of the services which accounted for low utilization of the services among adolescents. The review further showed poor accessibility and nonavailability of AYFSRHS as the only available SRHS were meant for married adults. Therefore, these findings serve as evidence for policy-makers at all the levels of healthcare delivery system to considered all the factors observed in this review and develop strategies that will make adolescent/youth-friendly SRHS available and accessible to adolescents. More so, other stakeholders, especially health care providers must improve their attitude toward provision of adolescent/youth-friendly SRHS.
Omics Approaches in Cancer Management
Authors: Mohanty Abhishek , Catchpoole Daniel
Published: February 2023

Biobanks provide a platform for innovative biomedical research of cancer etiology, progression, and prognosis and have improvised translational and personalized medicine to a great extent. They form the cornerstone, providing resources for future investigations and helping us understand the effects of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors on human morbidity, mortality, and health. Time 2009 published ten ideas changing the world right now with biobanks providing linkage to clinical, pathologic, and epidemiologic data of emphasizing its role in discovering and developing biomarkers in new therapeutic drugs. In this review, we highlight the emergence of biobanks as definitive platforms for biomarker discovery-based precision oncology as well as its potential to facilitate bench-to-bedside oriented and multiomics-based translational cancer research.
Molecular Mechanisms of Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Oral Cancer
Authors: Dhopte Ashwini , Bagde Hiroj Siddharth
Published: February 2023

Chewing betel quid (BQ) increases the risk of oral cancer and oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), a potentially malignant oral premalignant condition (OPMD). BQ constituents including areca nut (AN), trauma by coarse AN fibre, catechin, copper, alkaloids, increased reactive oxygen species, inflammation, and cytotoxicity are hypothesised to be the causative factors. They may stimulate tissue inflammation, fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition, myofibroblast differentiation and contraction, collagen cross-links, and impede collagenphagocytosis, ultimately leading to the formation of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSMF) and oral cancer. Through modulation of transforming growth factor1, plasminogen activator inhibitor1, cystatin, lysyl oxidase, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, and matrix metalloproteinases, BQ componentinduced alterations in extracellular matrix turnover facilitate these events. In addition, genetic predisposition plays a role in many disease processes. Understanding the molecular pathways underlying BQinduced OSMF and oral cancer can aid in the future prevention and treatment of disease. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the molecular processes involved in BQ-induced OSMF and oral cancer, as well as future preventative prospects.
Transcriptional analysis of nasal polyps fibroblasts reveals a new source of pro-inflammatory signaling in CRSwNP
Authors: Porras-González C , Palacios-García J M , Sánchez-Gómez S , Maza-Solano J M , Alba G , Sánchez-Margalet V , Palomares O , Del Cuvillo A , Cordero-Varela J A , Moreno-Luna R , Muñoz-Bravo J L
Published: February 2023

Background: Fibroblasts and others mesenchymal cells have recently been identified as critical cells triggering tissue-specific inflammatory responses. Persistent activation of fibroblasts inflammatory program has been suggested as an underlying cause of chronic inflammation in a wide range of tissues and pathologies. Nevertheless, the role of fibroblasts in the emergence of chronic inflammation in the upper airway has not been previously addressed. We aimed to elucidate whether fibroblasts could have a role in the inflammatory response in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Methodology: We performed whole-transcriptome microarray in fibroblast cultured from CRSwNP samples and confirmed our results by qRT-PCR. We selected patients without other associated diseases in upper airway. To investigate shifts in transcriptional profile we used fibroblasts from nasal polyps and uncinate mucosae from patient with CRSwNP, and fibroblasts from uncinate mucosae from healthy subjects as controls. Results: This study exposes activation of a pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic transcriptional program in nasal polyps and CRSwNP fibroblasts when compared to controls. Our Gene-set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) pointed to common up-regulation of several pro-inflammatory pathways in patients-derived fibroblasts, along with higher mRNA expression levels of cytokines, growth factors and extracellular matrix components. Conclusions: Our work reveals a potential new source of inflammatory signaling in CRSwNP. Furthermore, our results suggest that deregulated inflammatory signaling in tissue-resident fibroblasts could support a Type-2 inflammatory response. Further investigations will be necessary to demonstrate the functionality of these novel results.
What We Lost in the Fire: Endemic Tropical Heart Diseases in the Time of COVID-19
Authors: Chang Andrew Y. , Zühlke Liesl , Ribeiro Antonio Luiz P. , Barry Michele , Okello Emmy , Longenecker Chris T.
Published: February 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly influenced the effort to achieve global health equity. This has been particularly the case for HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria control initiatives in low- and middle-income countries, with significant outcome setbacks seen for the first time in decades. Lost in the calls for compensatory funding increases for such programs, however, is the plight of endemic tropical heart diseases, a group of disorders that includes rheumatic heart disease, Chagas disease, and endomyocardial fibrosis. Such endemic illnesses affect millions of people around the globe and remain a source of substantial mortality, morbidity, and health disparity. Unfortunately, these conditions were already neglected before the pandemic, and thus those living with them have disproportionately suffered during the time of COVID-19. In this perspective, we briefly define endemic tropical heart diseases, summarizing their prepandemic epidemiology, funding, and control statuses. We then describe the ways in which people living with these disorders, along with the healthcare providers and researchers working to improve their outcomes, have been harmed by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We conclude by proposing the path forward, including approaches we may use to leverage lessons learned from the pandemic to strengthen care systems for these neglected diseases.
In Vitro and In Vivo Validation of CYP6A14 and CYP6N6 Participation in Deltamethrin Metabolic Resistance in Aedes albopictus
Authors: Peng Hui , Wang Haiyang , Guo Xiuxia , Lv Wenxiang , Liu Lijuan , Wang Haifang , Cheng Peng , Liu Hongmei , Gong Maoqing
Published: February 2023

The extensive use of chemical insecticides for public health and agricultural purposes has increased the occurrence and development of insecticide resistance. This study used transcriptome sequencing to screen 10 upregulated metabolic detoxification enzyme genes from Aedes albopictus resistant strains. Of these, CYP6A14 and CYP6N6 were found to be substantially overexpressed in the deltamethrin-induced expression test, indicating their role in deltamethrin resistance in Ae. albopictus. Furthermore, the corresponding 60-kDa recombinant proteins, CYP6A14 and CYP6N6, were successfully expressed using the Escherichia coli expression system. Enzyme activity studies revealed that CYP6A14 (5.84 U/L) and CYP6N6 (6.3 U/L) have cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme activity. In vitro, the metabolic analysis revealed that the recombinant proteins degraded deltamethrin into 1-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine and 2′,2′-dibromo-2′-deoxyguanosine. Subsequently, the CYP450 genes in larvae of Ae. albopictus were silenced by RNA interference technology to study deltamethrin resistance in vivo. The silencing of CYP6A14 and CYP6N6 increased the mortality rate of mosquitoes without affecting their survival time, spawning quantity, hatching rate, and other normal life activities. Altogether, CYP6A14 and CYP6N6 belong to the CYP6 family and mutually increase deltamethrin resistance in Ae. albopictus.
A Rapid Point-of-Care Assay for Cysticercosis Antigen Detection in Urine Samples
Authors: Toribio Luz , Handali Sukwan , Marin Yazmin , Perez Erika , Castillo Yesenia , Bustos Javier A. , O’Neal Seth E. , Garcia Hector H.
Published: February 2023

We report a proof-of-concept study using a dipstick assay to detect Taenia solium antigen in urine samples of 30 patients with subarachnoid neurocysticercosis and 10 healthy control subjects. Strips were read in blind by two readers. The assay detected antigen in 29 of 30 cases and was negative in all 10 control samples. Although this study was performed in samples from individuals with subarachnoid neurocysticercosis who likely had high circulating antigen levels, it provides the proof of concept for a functional urine antigen point-of-care assay that detects viable cysts. Such an assay could serve to support a clinical diagnosis of suspect neurocysticercosis or to identify patients at risk of developing severe disease in areas where medical resources are limited, providing evidence to refer these individuals for imaging and specialized care as needed.
Biografizem v znamenju kompleksne polifunkcionalnosti v sodobnem makedonskem romanu
Authors: Mojsova-Čepiševska Vesna
Published: February 2023

The provocative vibration between fact and fiction, which is characteristic of biographicalism as a literary process that transforms historical facts into aesthetic creations in a specific way and renews and enriches the memory of a particular personality, has also found an echo in the contemporary Macedonian novel and novella. This article examines the fictional heroines, torn between historiography and imagination, in Olivera Nikolova's collection of novellas Velvet Cover (Кадифената покривка, 2015), Goce Smilevski's novel Heloiza: The Return of Words (Враќањeto на зборовите, 2015) and Sašo Dimoski's novel Alma Mahler (Алма Малер, 2014). The authors listed here are mainly interested in alternative stories, focusing on real historical themes that have been pushed into the background by official history.
Obravnava klasičnih literarnih besedil pri pouku slovenščine kot tujega jezika
Authors: Klemen Matej
Published: February 2023

This paper deals with the question of how to include literary classics in the Slovene foreign language classroom. It outlines the specific qualities of such texts, and offers justification as to why their introduction merits a thorough and organised approach. The paper analyses tasks based on Ivan Cankar's works in textbooks for students of Slovene as a foreign language. Alongside an excerpt from Cankar's novel Na klancu (On the Slope), the paper suggests a number of activities for developing communicative language skills as well as an appreciation of the literature's aesthetic qualities.
Makedonske »muke« pri učenju slovenščine kot drugega in tujega jezika
Authors: Nikolovski Gjoko
Published: February 2023

Macedonians who learn Slovenian as a second and foreign language do not understand the system of Slovenian cases and declensions due to their mother tongue, which is among the analytical languages. It is therefore necessary to use a learning approach in teaching that brings these learners closer to Slovenian cases and declensions and all of the peculiarities they bring. On the basis of theoretical starting points and teaching practice, the article highlights one of the possible approaches to teaching Slovenian cases and declensions.