bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient-Centric User-Interface in Automated Peritoneal Dialysis: Impact on Training and Outcomes at a Single Center
Authors: Sharma Shuchita , Kattamanchi Siddhartha , Gonzales Mary Grace , Sloand James A. , Uribarri Jaime
Published: January 2019

Background: AMIA cycler is a new automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) system, which was approved by FDA in 2015, which is more patient centric due to its features of voice guidance and touch screen. We retrospectively studied if these patient-centric features translated into better patient outcomes. Methods: We compared 18 patients on AMIA cycler to 18 patients on conventional APD system. Data regarding training duration, dialysis adequacy, laboratory data, and peritonitis incidence were obtained using chart review and compared between the 2 groups. Results: The AMIA group had 33% reduction in the duration of training period compared to the conventional group. All other end points including dialysis adequacy, electrolytes, peritonitis incidence, exit site infections, and dropout rates were not found to be different between both the groups. Conclusion: AMIA cycler is superior to the conventional cycler in significantly reducing the training time while having similar clinical outcomes. Further studies are needed to validate this data.
Double Gastric Hanging for Gastric Exposure in Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy
Authors: Dokmak Safi , Aussilhou Béatrice , BenSafta Yacine , Ftériche Fadhel Samir , Soubrane Olivier , Sauvanet Alain
Published: January 2019

Background: Gastric traction is essential in laparoscopic distal pancreatic resections. We already described the single gastric hanging providing good exposure on the left pancreas and we herein introduce a modification named the double gastric hanging. Methods: The double gastric hanging in which 2 surgical tapes encircle the body and antrum of the stomach is indicated in patients who requiring pancreatic neck resection, dissection along the celiac trunk collaterals and lymph nodes, the duodenal wall, and the gastroduodenal artery. We describe our surgical technique, we compare our results between the double and single gastric hanging and we illustrate by 2 shorts videos for distal pancreatectomy and central pancreatectomy. Results: Between September 2016 and December 2017, this technique was performed in 36 patients who underwent central pancreatectomy (n = 18), distal pancreatectomy (n = 14), and enucleation (n = 4). There was no conversion, no transfusion, no mortalities, and no gastric related complications or reinterventions. Although not significant, the double gastric hanging and compared to single gastric hanging showed more favorable operative results with shorter operative time, less blood loss, and higher number of harvested lymph nodes. In patients operated for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, the mean number of harvested lymph nodes was higher with the double gastric hanging (23 vs. 14, p = 0.027). Conclusion: The double gastric hanging provides excellent exposure of the pancreatic neck, celiac trunk collaterals, and lymph nodes for better technical and oncological resections with no related complications.
Tanshinone IIA Ameliorate Coxsackie Virus B3-Induced Viral Myocarditis through the Inhibition of Inflammation and Modulation T Helper 1/T Helper 2 Balance in Mice
Authors: Guo Guizhen , Zhao Qing , Wang Qinghua , Li Enze
Published: January 2019

To investigate the effect of Tanshinone IIA (TSA) on viral myocarditis (VMC). VMC animal model was established using BALB/c mice by intraperitoneally injecting Coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3). The mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, and TSA group. We detected the survival rate, the heart weight to body weight (HW/BW) ratio and hemodynamic and cardiac function parameters. The pathological features of VMC were measured through H&E staining. The expression of serum enzyme, inflammatory cytokines, and T helper (Th)1/Th2 markers was also investigated. TSA remarkably alleviated CVB3-caused myocardial injury, decreased the HW/BW ratio, and improved survival rate. TSA obviously improved hemodynamic parameters and reversed the damage to the heart pump function. Furthermore, the serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and Th1 cytokines in the TSA group were significantly lower than those in the VMC group, and TSA treatment significantly improved the pathological condition. The interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels in VMC model group was higher than control group, and lower levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were identified. However, TSA treatment elevated IL-4 and IL-10 levels and decreased IFN-γ and IL-2 levels. TSA could effectively protect the myocardium against CVB3-induced myocarditis by the inhibition of inflammation and modulation Th1/Th2 balance in mice.
Spontaneous Arm Movement Activity during Sleep in Epileptic and Non-Epileptic Patients
Authors: Schulz Hendrik , Ruan Jianghai , Seitz Rüdiger J.
Published: January 2019

Purpose: Epilepsy has a complex interaction with sleep. The purpose of this study was to explore the relation between spontaneous arm movements and sleep architecture in patients with epilepsy. Methods: This prospective study included 53 patients with suspected epilepsy (44 ± 18 years; 30 females, 23 males) and 55 age-matched patients with non-epileptic seizures (42 ± 15: 27 females, 28 males). Twenty-four-hour-video-electroencephalography recordings were combined with accelerometry of movement activity of both arms using actiwatches. Results: Patients with suspected epilepsy showed a higher occurrence of epileptic discharges (p = 0.0001) and abnormal focal slowing (p = 0.027) in the electroencephalogram (EEG) than the patients with non-epileptic seizures. Also, the epilepsy patients showed a shorter rapid eye movement-sleep duration compared to controls (0.0001). Accelerometry revealed that the patients with epilepsy moved their dominant right arm more frequently during the night (p = 0.014) than the controls, although there was no difference in arm movement activity during day time. Conclusion: The patients with reported epilepsy exhibited higher spontaneous arm movement activity during sleep. This may be related to abnormal sleep architecture or abnormal EEG activity but was not related to epileptic seizures.
Effect of Bicarbonate-Buffered Dialysate on Ventricular Arrhythmias in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Krahn Ryan E. , Tulowitzki Ryan , Gudleski Gregory D. , Murray Brian , Rajagopalan Bharath , Su Winnie , Muscarella Mary , Lambert Judy , Curtis Anne B. , Panesar Mandip
Published: January 2019

Background: The etiology of sudden cardiac death in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD) is largely unknown, though there is evidence to suggest that metabolic alkalosis induced by HD with a high-bicarbonate dialysate/prescription may play a role. Methods: We investigated the effects of metabolic alkalosis induced by HD with an acetate-containing bicarbonate-buffered dialysate on frequency of ventricular arrhythmia in 47 patients with ESRD on chronic HD using 48-h Holter monitoring in 3 phases: intra-HD, post-HD day 1, and post-HD day 2. Serum levels of bicarbonate, calcium, and potassium along with hemodynamics were measured pre-HD, post-HD, 20-h post-HD, and 44-h post-HD. Correlations were performed to verify the association between bicarbonate prescription and change in serum bicarbonate levels post-HD and to determine if the HD-induced change in serum bicarbonate level (metabolic alkalosis) had any direct association with ambient ventricular arrhythmia (premature ventricular contractions per hour) or indirect associations with ambient ventricular arrhythmia by affecting electrolytes or hemodynamics that are known to increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmia. Results: Mean pre-HD serum bicarbonate level was 21.3 mEq/L. Dialysate bicarbonate prescription (mean of 36.4 mEq/L) correlated with changes in serum bicarbonate levels immediately post-HD 26.7 mEq/L (r = 0.46, p < 0.01), 20-h post-HD 25.2 mEq/L (r = 0.38), and 44-h post-HD 23.2 mEq/L (r = 0.35, p = 0.01). No statistically significant correlations were found between the post-HD change in serum bicarbonate levels (metabolic alkalosis) with ambient ventricular arrhythmia, changes in serum calcium, potassium, or hemodynamics in any phase. Conclusions: High-bicarbonate dialysate prescription is associated with metabolic alkalosis following the HD procedure. A mild metabolic alkalosis induced by HD with an acetate-containing bicarbonate-buffered dialysate solution had no direct association with ambient ventricular arrhythmia on Holter monitoring and was not associated with changes in hemodynamics or changes in serum total calcium or potassium levels. This study helps to provide guidance for the safe use of high bicarbonate dialysate/prescription in patients with ESRD on HD.
Immune Checkpoint Human Endogenous Retrovirus-H Long Terminal Repeat-Associating Protein 2 is Upregulated and Independently Predicts Unfavorable Prognosis in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Lin Guobing , Ye Haibo , Wang Junwei , Chen Song , Chen Xuanyu , Zhang Cunming
Published: January 2019

Background/Aims: human endogenous retrovirus-H long terminal repeat-associating protein 2 (HHLA2) is highly expressed in multiple solid malignant tumors, making it a potential biomarker for tumorigenesis and invasion. However, the expression and clinical significance of HHLA2 in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) have not been extensively studied. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between HHLA2 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of BUC. Methods: A total of 212 patients pathologically diagnosed with BUC were included in this study. HHLA2 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and qRT-polymerase chain reaction. Correlations of HHLA2 expression and pathological characteristics, including 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were examined, and the diagnostic value of HHLA2 was estimated by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of HHLA2 was significantly upregulated in BUC tissues compared with normal bladder tissues. In BUC tissues, HHLA2 expression was significantly associated with tumor size, tumor stage, tumor grade, and lymph node metastasis (all p < 0.05). HHLA2 expression was an independent prognostic factor of tumor metastasis (p < 0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve revealed that high HHLA2 expression was significantly correlated with the poor RFS and OS of BUC patients (both p < 0.05), and the ROC curve showed HHLA2 could be a good diagnostic marker. Conclusions: HHLA2 can independently predict unfavorable prognosis in BUC.
A “aristocracia do pé no chão” e o herói popular em Belém do Grão-Pará de Dalcídio Jurandir
Authors: Maia Maíra Oliveira , Chagas Júnior Edgar Monteiro
Published: January 2019

Dalcídio Ramos Jurandir, um dos maiores romancistas do modernismo da Amazônia, militante atuante do Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB) e idealizador do Ciclo do Extremo Norte, construiu uma perspectiva de História sobre a cidade de Belém nos anos de 1920 no seu romance premiado Belém do Grão-Pará. Na sua narrativa sobre a cidade em crise econômica após o fausto da borracha, Jurandir apresenta uma outra possibilidade de história a partir da população pobre do interior do Estado, que, ao se rebelar contra o descaso dos poderes públicos, retoma a tradição do movimento cabano do século XIX, lutando em armas contra os que a exploravam. Nessa trama de descaso, opressão e resistência, surge um novo sol na cidade de Belém do Grão-Pará, através da “aristocracia do pé no chão”, a “gente comum”, da qual descende o próprio Dalcídio Jurandir e a personagem seu Lício, o herói de um universo em crise, porém engajada nas lutas do seu tempo.
Mecanismo de colocação e auréola termal provocada pelo plúton Ediacarano Catingueira, Província Borborema, Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Cunha José Alexandre Paixão da , Souza Zorano Sérgio de , Moreira José Antônio De Morais , Valcácio Samir Do Nascimento
Published: January 2019

O plúton Catingueira, com área de aproximadamente 12 km2, é um granito peralcalino Ediacarano situado entre o Terreno Piancó-Alto Brígida e a Zona de Cisalhamento Patos, Província Borborema (NE Brasil). A intrusão formou uma auréola metamórfica em rochas metapelíticas da Formação Santana dos Garrotes. O presente trabalho trata da caracterização desse efeito termal, usando relações de campo, petrografia, química mineral e propriedades petrofísicas (condutividade térmica, calor específico, difusividade térmica e densidade). Utilizando-se o geotermômetro de zircônio em rochas peralcalinas, calculou-se o valor médio de 760 ± 18ºC para a temperatura inicial do magma. A colocação do plúton é marcada por: verticalização de estruturas de baixo ângulo da encaixante metassedimentar, as quais adquirem direção próxima de E-W, concordante com milonitos da Zona de Cisalhamento Patos; metamorfismo de alta temperatura (450–610ºC) e baixa pressão (3 kbar) cujo efeito é sentido a até 2,5 km do contato, com desenvolvimento da associação biotita ± granada ± estaurolita ± cordierita± sillimanita (+ clorita + muscovita). A modelagem numérica do regime térmico provocado pela intrusão foi feita por meio do software HEAT3D. As simulações foram calculadas a partir de duas formas geométricas, um cilindro vertical e um paralelepípedo horizontal, usando gradientes geotérmicos variando de 30 a 50ºC/km. Para atingir o equilíbrio térmico, foram calculados tempos de resfriamento de 781, 1.032 e 1.127 mil anos. O gradiente que permitiu atingir o melhor ajuste para o modelo foi de 50ºC/km, resultando 1.127 mil anos. Os resultados aqui obtidos em termos de dimensão, forma, profundidade e associações metamórficas são comparáveis a exemplos de outros corpos plutônicos descritos na Província Borborema.
Geocronologia U-Pb, classificação e aspectos evolutivos do Granito Marajoara, Província Carajás
Authors: Santos Rodrigo Fabiano Silva , Oliveira Davis Carvalho de , Silva Fernando Fernandes da
Published: January 2019

O Granito Marajoara (GrMj) é um stock intrusivo em granitoides mesoarqueanos do Domínio Rio Maria (DRM) da Província Carajás (PC). É formado por rochas leucocráticas: biotita monzogranito equigranular (BMzE) e heterogranular (BMzH). Textura rapakivi e enclaves de granito porfirítico (EGp) e microgranulares (EMg) são restritos à fácies BMzH. Os valores de susceptibilidade magnética (SM) e a presença de magnetita aproximam a fácies BMzH dos granitos da série magnetita, enquanto a variedade BMzE mostra afinidade com aqueles da série ilmenita por apresentar baixos valores de SM e opacos. São granitos peraluminosos similares aos ferroan. Mostram, ainda, afinidades com os granitos tipo-A oxidados (BMzH e EGp) e reduzidos (BMzE), como aquelas dos plútons das suítes Jamon e Velho Guilherme, respectivamente. Os EMg mostram afinidade com os granitos magnesianos e da série calcioalcalina, e os EGp são originados a partir da interação entre os líquidos EMg e BMzH. Os gaps composicionais entre as diversas variedades sugerem que seus magmas não são cogenéticos. Os EMg são representantes de um magmatismo básico oriundo do manto litosférico enriquecido e que teriam sido injetados na câmara magmática por underplating. As análises U-Pb em zircão (SHRIMP) fornecem idade de cristalização (1885 ± 6 Ma). O GrMj foi colocado em epizona em um ambiente de tectônica extensional. A zonalidade concêntrica do GrMj e a influência reduzida dos esforços regionais indicam que o transporte do magma se deu por diques. Dessa forma, a edificação do GrMj é resultante de ascensão vertical de magmas por meio de fraturas e acomodação ao longo dos planos da foliação regional E-W, seguida de uma mudança do fluxo vertical por um espalhamento lateral do magma.
Kamala e o caminho da empatia para a aceitação da alteridade nos Comics
Authors: Melo Gabriel Braga Ferreira de
Published: January 2019

Não vivemos em bolhas isoladas de onde podemos observar o outro e fingir que ele não está perto quando não o queremos. Mais, com a fragmentação das identidades, qualquer um pode estar na posição do outro dependendo do aspecto a ser analisado. Por esse motivo, é através de uma empatia despertada em relação ao outro que um caminho para a maior aceitação da alteridade pode ser criado. Por ser o principal expoente dessa nova safra de heróis que retratam a alteridade, Kamala Khan é uma das figuras mais importantes deste século nos comics.
A construção da lógica narrativa no “semimangá” de Maurício de Sousa
Authors: Xavier Glayci Kelli Reis da Silva
Published: January 2019

O presente trabalho pretende analisar como se constrói a lógica narrativa no “semimangá” Turma da Mônica Jovem, obra de Maurício de Sousa, respeitado quadrinista brasileiro, utilizando como corpus de análise uma edição específica da revista, que traz uma história composta por micronarrativas que se entrelaçam. Como fundamentação teórica, tomou-se por base principal a Teoria Semiolinguística de Análise do Discurso de Patrick Charaudeau (1992; 2009), com relação ao modo de organização narrativo e à organização da lógica narrativa.
A grotesca pinacoteca dos quadrinhos
Authors: Paula Marcus Vinicius de
Published: January 2019

O artigo investiga de que maneira os sentidos da leitura visual foram problematizados durante a instituição da noção de pinacoteca. Faz-se um levantamento “arqueológico” de algumas estratégias utilizadas para conectar imagens enquadradas e distribuídas sob uma superfície plana. O objetivo é detectar em que medida a diagramação das páginas dos quadrinhos está comprometida com o controle ou a subversão do olhar e com a construção e a desconstrução de um sentido unívoco para a narrativa.
Entre fragmentos e sonhos: Entrevista com Dave McKean
Authors: Thomaz Nathalia Xavier , Nestarez Oscar
Published: January 2019

Entrevista com o artista plástico Dave McKean
As estórias nas "Estórias sem luz elétrica"
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Maria
Published: January 2019

Este estudo centra-se na componente metaficcional das “Estórias sem luz elétrica”, de Ondjaki. A bicicleta que tinha bigodes (2011), Uma escuridão bonita (2013) e O convidador de pirilampos (2017) são textos pouco extensos onde ouvir e contar estórias faz parte das experiências noturnas vividas pelos protagonistas infantis. Estas pequenas narrativas guardam memórias de tempos antigos e têm por isso valor identitário, filosofia esta que subjaz igualmente à série em apreço.
Ondjaki, um apanhador de memórias
Authors: Biazetto Flávia Cristina Bandeca
Published: January 2019

Entrevista com o escritor angolano Ondjaki.
Jorge Araújo: literatura, história e política
Authors: Silva Avani Souza
Published: January 2019

Entrevista com com escritor cabo-verdiano Jorge Araújo.
Area deprivation measures used in Brazil
Authors: Ichihara Maria Yury Travassos , Ramos Dandara , Rebouças Poliana , Oliveira Flávia Jôse , Ferreira Andrêa J. F. , Teixeira Camila , Allik Mirjam , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal , Barreto Mauricio L. , Leyland Alastair H , Dundas Ruth
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVE: To describe and assess currently used area-based measures of deprivation in Brazil for health research, to the purpose of informing the development of a future small area deprivation index. METHODS: We searched five electronic databases and seven websites of Brazilian research institutions and governmental agencies. Inclusion criteria were: studies proposing measures of deprivation for small areas (i.e., finer geography than country-level) in Brazil, published in English, Portuguese or Spanish. After data-extraction, results were tabulated according to the area level the deprivation measure was created for and to the dimensions of deprivation or poverty included in the measures. A narrative synthesis approach was used to summarize the measures available, highlighting their utility for public health research. RESULTS: A total of 7,199 records were retrieved, 126 full-text articles were assessed after inclusion criteria and a final list of 30 articles was selected. No small-area deprivation measures that have been applied to the whole of Brazil were found. Existing measures were mainly used to study infectious and parasitic diseases. Few studies used the measures to assess inequalities in mortality and no studies used the deprivation measure to evaluate the impact of social programs. CONCLUSIONS: No up-to-date small area-based deprivation measure in Brazil covers the whole country. There is a need to develop such an index for Brazil to measure and monitor inequalities in health and mortality, particularly to assess progress in Brazil against the Sustainable Development Goal targets for different health outcomes, showing progress by socioeconomic groups
Plasma Trimethylamine N-Oxide as a Novel Biomarker for Plaque Rupture in Patients With ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Tan Yu , Sheng Zhaoxue , Zhou Peng , Liu Chen , Zhao Hanjun , Song Li , Li Jiannan , Zhou Jinying , Chen Yi , Wang Laiyuan , Qian Haiyan , Sun Zhongwei , Qiao Shubin , Xu Bo , Gao Runlin , Yan Hongbing
Published: January 2019

Background:

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is reported to promote the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and be associated with cardiovascular events risk. It is unknown whether plasma TMAO is associated with plaque morphology in patients with acute myocardial infarction. We investigated the relationship between the culprit plaque morphology and plasma TMAO concentration in patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results:

A prospective series of 211 patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction who underwent preintervention optical coherence tomography examination for the culprit lesion were enrolled; 77 and 69 patients were categorized as plaque rupture and plaque erosion, respectively. Plasma TMAO levels, detected using stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, were significantly higher in patients with plaque rupture than in those with plaque erosion (3.33 μM; interquartile range: 2.48–4.57 versus 1.21 μM; interquartile range: 0.86–1.91;
P
<0.001). After adjustments for traditional risk factors, elevated TMAO levels remained independently correlated with plaque rupture (adjusted odds ratio: 4.06, 95% CI, 2.38–6.91;
P
<0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for plaque rupture versus plaque erosion was 0.89. At a cutoff level of 1.95 μM, TMAO had a sensitivity of 88.3% and specificity of 76.8% in discriminating plaque rupture from plaque erosion.

Conclusions:

High levels of plasma TMAO independently correlated with plaque rupture in patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction. Moreover, TMAO might be a useful biomarker for plaque rupture to improve risk stratification and management in patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifiers: NCT03593928.
ENDÜSTRİ 4.0 ÇALIŞMALARININ YERLİ VE YABANCI YAZIN AÇISINDAN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI OLARAK DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: BETİMSEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: TAŞBAŞ USTAOĞLU Esra , MAYATÜRK AKYOL Evrim
Published: January 2019

Çalışmada
Endüstri 4.0 kavramının, yerli ve yabancı literatürde hangi yoğunlukta ve
odakta çalışıldığını karşılaştırmalı olarak tespit etmek ve konu ile ilgili
çalışmaların yıllar itibariyle gösterdiği dağılımı ve değişimi ortaya koymak
amaçlanmaktadır. Ayrıca yapılmış olan çalışmaların, “Endüstri 4.0”ın sosyolojik
ve psikolojik etkilerini göz ardı ettiği gözlenmektedir. Bu doğrultuda,
betimsel bir araştırma tasarlanmıştır.

Araştırmada
toplam 169 yayın incelenmiştir. İncelenen yayınların 9 tanesi yerli yazında,
160 tanesi ise yabancı yazında yer almaktadır. Yayınlarda nesnelerin interneti,
siber fiziksel sistemler, endüstriyel devrim, büyük veri ve bulut bilişim gibi teknik
kavramların sıklıkla çalışıldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bunların yanı sıra ele
alınan yayınların başlangıç yılı 2014 olup, 2017 yılından bu yana ise Endüstri
4.0 konulu çalışmaların ciddi bir artış gösterdiği saptanmıştır.
Spatial and spectral trajectories in typical neurodevelopment from childhood to middle age
Authors: Hunt Benjamin A. E. , Wong Simeon M. , Vandewouw Marlee M. , Brookes Matthew J. , Dunkley Benjamin T. , Taylor Margot J.
Published: January 2019

Detailed characterization of typical human neurodevelopment is key if we are to understand the nature of mental and neurological pathology. While research on the cellular processes of neurodevelopment has made great advances, in vivo human imaging is crucial to understand our uniquely human capabilities, as well as the pathologies that affect them. Using magnetoencephalography data in the largest normative sample currently available (324 participants aged 6–45 years), we assess the developmental trajectory of resting-state oscillatory power and functional connectivity from childhood to middle age. The maturational course of power, indicative of local processing, was found to both increase and decrease in a spectrally dependent fashion. Using the strength of phase-synchrony between parcellated regions, we found significant linear and nonlinear (quadratic and logarithmic) trajectories to be characterized in a spatially heterogeneous frequency-specific manner, such as a superior frontal region with linear and nonlinear trajectories in theta and gamma band respectively. Assessment of global efficiency revealed similar significant nonlinear trajectories across all frequency bands. Our results link with the development of human cognitive abilities; they also highlight the complexity of neurodevelopment and provide quantitative parameters for replication and a robust footing from which clinical research may map pathological deviations from these typical trajectories.
O sumieniu granic
Authors: Szwat-Gyłybowa Grażyna
Published: January 2019

On the conscience of bordersThis article reflects on the paradoxes inherent in our thinking on liminal territories, which ranges from affirmation to contestation. Its metaphorical title paraphrases Elias Canetti’s idea of the “conscience of words” and brings into focus the connection between discussions of borders and limits on the one hand, and the moral sensitivity of the members and cultural descendants of Judeo-Christian culture on the other. The ways in which people conceptualise borders and limits are presented from the perspective of the beginning (in the Gadamerian sense), i.e. the Bible, and the end (including, for example, Bauman’s concept of “liquid modernity” and Agamben’s post-secular idea of reality as a “camp”). The article concludes with a presentation of how the concepts of liminality and borders are presented (often metaphorically) by sociologists and linguists conducting field studies in Poland’s eastern and western borderlands. O sumieniu granicW artykule podjęto próbę refleksji na temat paradoksów ludzkiego myślenia o granicach terytoriów, rozpiętego między afirmacją a kontestacją. Tytułowa parafraza konceptu Canettiego („sumienie słów”) ma charakter metaforyczny i służy wydobyciu związku mówienia o granicach z wrażliwością moralną ludzi należących do kręgu kultury judeochrześcijańskiej lub będących jej dziedzicami. Sposoby konceptualizowania granic przedstawiono z perspektywy ustanowionego (w sensie Gadamerowskim) początku (Biblia) i końca (m.in. koncepcja „płynnej nowoczesności” Baumana czy „świata-obozu” w postsekularnej myśli Agambena). Tekst zamyka prezentacja ujęć zjawiska graniczności/pograniczności (i towarzyszących temu metaforyzacji) w myśli socjologów i językoznawców prowadzących badania terenowe na wschodnich i zachodnich rubieżach Polski.
A challenge to collective memory: Yitskhok Rudashevski’s "Diary of the Vilna Ghetto"
Authors: Kvietkauskas Mindaugas
Published: January 2019

A challenge to collective memory: Yitskhok Rudashevski’s Diary of the Vilna GhettoThis article aims to analyse the diary of Yitskhok Rudashevski (1927–1943), the story of its writing and publication and the existing biographical material about the author. It attempts to answer the question of what is or could be the significance of this lieu de mémoire for the current developments in Holocaust memory culture in Lithuania. The adopted definitions of cultural and collective memory and sites of memory are based on the concepts proposed by Jan and Aleida Assmann and Pierre Nora. On the one hand, the diary written by a child in the Vilnius ghetto is of major documentary, moral and aesthetic significance and stimulates individual empathy. On the other hand, the text raises acute issues reflecting a conflict between different memory narratives and interpretations of history. Pro-Soviet sympathies of the author, negative imagery of Lithuanians and certain deheroisation of the ghetto community make the text a “problematic” memory site. These challenges of the diary are interpreted as indicators showing whether contemporary Holocaust narrative in Lithuania is already mature enough to accept the dialogical forms of cultural memory. Wyzwanie dla pamięci zbiorowej: Pamiętnik z wileńskiego getta Icchaka RudaszewskiegoTematem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza dziennika napisanego w getcie przez czternastoletniego Icchaka Rudaszewskiego (1927–1943), historia jego powstania, publikacji i zachowania dla przyszłych pokoleń, a także materiał biograficzny dotyczący postaci autora. Artykuł jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie, jakie jest i jakie mogłoby być znaczenie tego miejsca pamięci (lieu de mémoire) w kształtującej się obecnie na Litwie kulturze pamięci Holocaustu. Badania pamięci kulturowej i zbiorowej, a także miejsc pamięci, zostały oparte na koncepcjach badawczych Jana i Aleidy Assmanów oraz Pierre’a Nory. Z jednej strony, napisany przez dziecko w getcie wileńskim pamiętnik ma dla pamięci kulturowej Litwy ogromne znaczenie symboliczne, etyczne i estetyczne, wzmocnione przez silne uczucie empatii wobec autora. Z drugiej strony, tekst pamiętnika stawia wysokie wymagania badawcze wynikające z konfliktu różnych interpretacji historii II wojny światowej i narracji pamięci. Socjalistyczne i proradzieckie poglądy autora, negatywny obraz Litwinów i swoista deheroizacja społeczności getta przekształca ten tekst w „problematyczne” miejce pamięci. Powyższe wyzwania badawcze są interpretowane w artykule jako znaki, które mogą opisać stan współczesnej litewskiej narracji Holocaustu i odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy jest ona na tyle dojrzała, by w drodze dialogu zintegrować różne warianty pamięci kulturowej.
Sociodemographic Differences in Smoking Knowledge in Malaysia
Authors: Cheah Yong Kang , Teh Chien Huey , Lim Hock Kuang
Published: January 2019

The objective of the present study is to examine the sociodemographic determinants of amount of smoking knowledge in Malaysia. Data are obtained from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS). The GATS uses a multistage stratified sampling. A total of 4,153 respondents are used for analyses. The effects of sociodemographic factors on smoking knowledge are examined using a negative binomial regression. Age, wealth index, education, ethnicity, house locality, and smoking behavior are significantly associated with smoking knowledge. In particular, there are negative relationships between smoking knowledge and higher wealth index, less-educated individuals, Chinese, rural dwellers, and smokers. The present study concludes that sociodemographic factors play an important role in determining smoking knowledge. Hence, as an intervention measure directed toward improving the knowledge of smoking among Malaysian population, effective policies should pay special attention to individuals who are likely to have poor information on smoking.
Towards Intersectional Democratic Innovations
Authors: Wojciechowska Marta
Published: January 2019

While scholarship on intersectionality has emphasised the need to go beyond single categories of identity, like gender or race, intersectionality has not been considered to date within the literature on democratic innovations, even though enhancing inclusion is a key aim of such institutions. This article overcomes this gap. It analyses tools of inclusion within democratic innovations and argues they are not responsive to intersectionality claims. This article shows that current democratic innovations are explicitly exclusionary towards the groups which need the attention of the democratic scholars the most. To address this problem, this article argues for a move away from advocating for single or ‘one-off’ acts of inclusion and towards a more direct focus on facilitating leadership of the disempowered and diversification of the contexts of democratic innovations. Such changes can increase the sensitivity of democratic innovations but can also facilitate a wider social change.
The effect of interactive computer play on balance and functional abilities in children with moderate cerebral palsy: a pilot randomized study
Authors: Pin Tamis W , Butler Penelope B
Published: January 2019

Objectives:

To investigate the feasibility and potential efficacy of a six-week interactive computer play training on balance and gross motor function in children with moderate cerebral palsy.

Design:

A pilot single-blinded matched randomized controlled study.

Setting:

Community.

Participants:

In total, 18 children with moderate cerebral palsy were recruited, paired according to age and severity of cerebral palsy and randomized into intervention group or control group.

Intervention:

The intervention group received additional trunk control training using the interactive computer play in sitting four times per week, 20 minutes per session for six weeks. All study children continued their usual physiotherapy programme.

Measurements:

All study children were assessed at baseline, week 3, week 6 (completion of intervention) and week 12 using the Pediatric Reach Test, Gross Motor Function Measure–66-Item Set and 2-Minute Walk Test.

Results:

All intervention children completed and enjoyed the training with no reported adverse event. All children were assessed at all time points. No significant difference was found between the two groups in all assessments. In both groups of children, significant improvements were found in the Gross Motor Function Measure–66-Item Set between week 3 (intervention group: mean 53.41, SD 5.34; control group: mean 52.86, SD 8.33) and week 6 (intervention group: mean 55.00, SD 6.32; control group: mean 54.20, SD 8.35).

Conclusion:

The intervention protocol of a six-week interactive computer play training was feasible and safe for children with moderate cerebral palsy in special school settings. Future studies with larger sample sizes or using single-subject designs are recommended.
Attribution of responsibility for sexual crimes beyond individual actors – construction of responsibility of offenders, victims and society in laypersons’ explanations
Authors: Kotanen Riikka , Kronstedt Johanna
Published: January 2019

This study analyses laypersons’ explanations for sexual violence. It focusses on how the responsibility for sexual crimes is constructed and attributed, and moreover, what kind of effect this has on the attribution of blame. The research data consist of 105 opinion pieces published in the leading Finnish newspaper since the beginning of the 21st century. The theory-driven qualitative analysis utilises attribution theory and focusses on laypersons’ interpretations and explanations for unusual acts and events deviating from social norms. Attribution theory is commonly utilised in relation to micro-level actors, the offender and the victim, whereas in this article, it is broadened to include also society as a macro-level actor. The analysis reveals that the construction of responsibility derives from (I) the chronological presentation and explanation of sexual crimes; especially (II) the causality attached to chronological phases, which emphasises the victim’s actions prior to the crime; and (III) the construction of active female agency against male passivity or absence of the perpetrator. Moreover, blame is based on a combination of active agency, produced in the analysed explanations, and stereotypical features connected to female gender (e.g. rape myths).
Modeling the central nervous system functionality in controlling the calf muscle activity during running with sport shoes
Authors: Jalali Peyman , Noorani Mohammad-Reza Sayyed , Hassannejad Reza , Ettefagh Mir Mohammad
Published: January 2019

Biological findings show that the activity of the calf muscle group is controlled by the central nervous system during running. The central nervous system tries to retain the peak values of the ground reaction force at constant levels as well as to minimize the vibration amplitude of soft tissues of the lower leg. Furthermore, these objectives are functions of stiffness and damping (compliance properties) of the calf muscle-tendon unit, especially gastrocnemius-Achilles. In this article, a new model for the calf muscle-tendon unit activity is presented in which the coefficients of stiffness and damping are exponential functions of the force produced at the Achilles tendon in the duration of stance phase, that is, they are time variant instead of having constant values. Then, the central nervous system functionality to control the activity of the muscle-tendon unit is formulated through definition of an optimization problem. This problem is solved by additionally considering the hardness of sport shoes. The muscle activity is indeed controlled via optimally adjusting two tuning parameters of the muscle-tendon unit model in terms of the hardness of shoes. This idea is examined separately for two running speeds. The results show the following: (1) The hardness of shoes affects the muscle activity. We find safe areas of the hardness parameters to design sport shoes. (2) When hard shoes are worn, the running speed has negligible effects on the tuning parameters, while with soft shoes the tuning parameters significantly change the muscle activity and the ground reaction force depended on running speed. (3) The ability of muscle in changing its compliance properties (specified by bound limits over the muscle-tendon unit tuning parameters) has the most influence in the safe area. (4) Rising running speed leads to a decrease in the safe area of shoes’ parameters.
Virtual Reality Simulation Technology for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training: An Innovative Hybrid System With Haptic Feedback
Authors: Almousa Omamah , Prates Joana , Yeslam Noor , Mac Gregor Dougal , Zhang Junsong , Phan Viet , Nielsen Marc , Smith Richard , Qayumi Karim
Published: January 2019

Objective. Although cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills are lifesaving skills, the gap between awareness and actual training remains significant. Advances in technology are shaping the future of education and innovative learning solutions are essential to facilitate effective and accessible training. This project objective is to develop a self-directed educational system for hands-on CPR training using virtual reality (VR) technology.

Methods. HTC VIVE was the chosen VR engine, and Unity3D was the software used for development. CPR skills including chest compressions, rescue breathing, and automated external defibrillator (AED) are taught in VR through focused instructions, demonstrations, and simulated interactive scenarios with hands-on training sessions. A tracking system was designed using virtual planes and VIVE-Tracker for accurate measurements of chest compressions (rate, depth, and recoil), hands’ position and AED. A real mannequin was integrated in the VR space and overlaid with virtual 3D-human model for realistic haptic feedback and hands-on training. VIVE-controller was used for precise calibration between the mannequin location in real environment and the virtual human model in VR space.

Results. The VR-CPR prototype was designed to be generic, approachable, and easy to follow. Realism and interaction were achieved through 3D virtual scenes simulating common sites at which cardiac arrest may occur. Variety in scenarios and gamification features like scoring and difficulty levels of training were made to enhance users’ engagement. The VR-mannequin hybrid system enabled quality training and immersive learning experience. Further, real-time feedback and scoring system are built for self-directed learning and optimal performance.

Conclusions. The developed VR-hybrid product is a structured educational tool for hands-on CPR training and ongoing practice. This innovative technology provides self-directed learning with no restrictions of time, place, or personnel, which are the main challenges with current traditional courses. This product is a promising CPR training initiative in the evolution of digital education.
Methods to Assess Cannabis Consumption in Population Surveys: Results of Cognitive Interviewing
Authors: Goodman Samantha , Leos-Toro Cesar , Hammond David
Published: January 2019

The Cannabis Act legalized the possession and sale of nonmedical cannabis in Canada on October 17, 2018. Evaluating the impact of cannabis legalization requires a more thorough understanding than is provided by most existing measures of cannabis use. The aim of this study was to pretest a range of cannabis consumption measures used in a population-based survey and to share insights gained in the process. Cognitive interviewing was conducted among 10 cannabis users aged ≥16 years. Comprehension and self-reporting of consumption types and amounts, sources of purchase, and cannabinoid levels were examined. Findings revealed areas for improvement in a number of survey items, including unclear wording and reference images. Identified issues were used to improve the survey for use in the International Cannabis Policy Study. The authors discuss important principles (e.g., use of visual cues, user-selected units, and time frames) that should be adopted when assessing cannabis use in population-based studies.
What Did You Expect? Divergent Perceptions Among Internship Stakeholders
Authors: Sauder Molly Hayes , Mudrick Michael , Strassle Carla G. , Maitoza Robyn , Malcarne Brian , Evans Beverly
Published: January 2019

Background: Research has indicated differences in perceptions among students, employers, and faculty related to internships, but most studies are either discipline-specific or fail to encompass all three of the aforementioned stakeholders. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions of these three stakeholders as they pertain to (a) the value of a student internship experience and (b) the provisions that should be offered by internship sites and higher education institutions during an internship. Methodology/Approach: Survey research was used to collect the data and analysis revealed a number of areas of divergence in the perceptions of these stakeholders. Findings/Conclusions: A total of 33 differences were identified in the perceptions of students, employers, and faculty, with most of the differences occurring between the students and one or both of the other parties. Implications: Drawing from the notions of stakeholder theory, these differences are meaningful in that if they are not addressed, expectations may go unmet, which can undermine actual or perceived success. The results of this study suggest that specific, proactive interventions designed to foster better dialogue between internship stakeholders would be of benefit.
Reexamining the Psychometric Properties of the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale
Authors: Blanchard Brittany E. , Stevens Angela K. , Sher Kenneth J. , Littlefield Andrew K.
Published: January 2019

The Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS), a widely used self-report questionnaire, assesses four personality traits which predict risk for substance use (i.e., anxiety sensitivity, hopelessness, impulsivity, and sensation seeking). Given its use in research and clinical settings, as well as potential utility, this study aimed to provide a comprehensive psychometric evaluation of the SURPS. Undergraduate participants ( N = 718; 69% White; 26% Hispanic, aged 18-25 years, M = 19.00, SD = 1.33) completed a battery of measures, including the SURPS. Tests of measurement invariance, convergent and criterion validity, and internal consistency were conducted, as well as item response theory analyses and a treatment assignment simulation. Several items were removed before partial measurement invariance across gender was established with little information lost. Despite removing several SURPS items, the proposed factor structure was not empirically supported. More work is necessary to determine the predictive utility of assessing these personality traits to predict substance-related outcomes.
Journalistic Views on Hard and Soft News: Cross-Validating a Popular Concept in a Factorial Survey
Authors: Glogger Isabella , Otto Lukas P.
Published: January 2019

Despite the popularity of the concept of hard and soft news, researchers regularly criticize the vague definitions and inconsistent conceptualizations. Following claims for standardization of concept in journalism research, this article aims to cross-validate the most recent understanding of the concept. We conducted a factorial survey with newspaper journalists to probe the question as to which of the theoretically assumed dimensions of the concept are referred to by journalists to distinguish hard from soft news. We find the dimensions “topic,” “relevance,” “framing,” and “opinion” to exert influence on journalists’ understanding of the concept.
How and How Much: Combined Services for Domestic Violence and Substance Abuse
Authors: Armstrong Elizabeth Marie , Glover Reed Beth , Bennett Larry W.
Published: January 2019

This study generates practice-based evidence about organizational strategies for addressing co-occurring domestic violence (DV) and substance abuse (SA) using a survey of organizations working on both issues ( N = 204). How (the strategies) and how much (the extensiveness) organizations attend to both issues vary by organizational type (DV, SA, or multiservice) and populations served. While most SA and multiservice organizations address DV internally, most DV organizations use external collaborations; all offer services to DV perpetrators at similar rates. Findings underscore the importance of including multiple, nuanced measures of organizational activities related to co-occurring DV and SA in future research.
Psychometric properties of the body and appearance self-conscious emotions scale in Brazilian adolescents
Authors: Chiminazzo João Guilherme Cren , Alcaraz-Ibáñez Manuel , Sicilia Alvaro , Fernandes Paula Teixeira
Published: January 2019

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Body and Appearance Self-Conscious Emotions Scale in Brazilian adolescents. A sample of 827 adolescents (55% boys) filled out a questionnaire comprising the Body and Appearance Self-Conscious Emotions Scale and instruments assessing social physique anxiety, positive/negative affect, and self-esteem. After removing one item originally proposed for the guilt factor (Item 7), the results supported a 4-factor structure that was invariant across gender and weight status. Evidence supporting the internal consistency, temporal stability, and convergent validity of the Body and Appearance Self-Conscious Emotions Scale cores were also obtained. These results support the Body and Appearance Self-Conscious Emotions Scale as a psychometrically robust instrument to assess body and appearance self-conscious emotions in Brazilian adolescents.