bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probing holographic flat bands at finite density
Authors: Grandi Nicolás , Juričić Vladimir , Landea Ignacio Salazar , Soto-Garrido Rodrigo
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Flat band electronic systems exhibit a rich landscape of correlation-driven phases, both at the charge neutrality and finite electronic density, featuring exotic electromagnetic and thermodynamic responses. Motivated by these developments, in this paper, we explicitly include the effects of the chemical potential in a holographic model featuring approximately flat bands. In particular, we explore the phase diagram of this holographic flat band system as a function of the chemical potential. We find that at low temperatures and densities, the system features a nematic phase, transitioning into the Lifshitz phase as the chemical potential or temperature increases. To further characterize the ensuing phases, we investigate the optical conductivity and find that this observable shows strong anisotropies in the nematic phase.
A Note on Secant-Defective Varieties and Clifford Modules
Authors: Nash Oliver
Published: January 2024

We generalise a construction of Landsberg, which associates certain Clifford algebra representations to Severi varieties. We thus obtain a new proof of Russo’s Divisibility Property for LQEL varieties whose secant varieties do not fill the ambient space. We also make an observation about the question of whether there exists a smooth, irreducible, non-degenerate, projective variety with secant deficiency $$\delta > 8$$

δ
>
8

.
Referenzauswertungen für die Schätzung von Prävalenz, Inzidenz und Mortalität Public-Health-relevanter Erkrankungen auf Basis von Routinedaten
Authors: Krause Laura , Reitzle Lukas , Hess Steffen , Ziese Thomas , Adewuyi Davis
Published: January 2024

Die Routinedaten aller gesetzlich Krankenversicherten nach Datentransparenzverordnung (DaTraV-Daten) stellen eine vielversprechende Datenquelle für die wiederkehrende und zeitnahe Surveillance nicht-übertragbarer Erkrankungen (NCD) in Deutschland dar. Dabei hat sich gezeigt, dass ein hoher Bedarf für Referenzauswertungen besteht, die schnelle und regelmäßig wiederholbare Analysen zu wichtigen NCD ermöglichen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde „ReFern-01“ initiiert, ein gemeinsames Projekt vom Robert Koch-Institut (RKI) und dem Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (BfArM). In Zusammenarbeit mit Expert:innen aus dem Bereich der Sekundärdatenanalyse und Versorgungsforschung wurden Referenzauswertungen zur Schätzung von Prävalenz, Inzidenz und Mortalität für wichtige Public-Health-relevante Erkrankungen erarbeitet. Zunächst wurden mittels einer Onlinebefragung 11 zentrale NCD ausgewählt und in Zusammenschau mit einer Literaturrecherche initiale Falldefinitionen erstellt. Diese wurden anschließend in einem virtuellen Workshop diskutiert und konsentiert. Die erstellten Referenzauswertungen (Analyseskripte) ermöglichen eine standardisierte Schätzung der genannten epidemiologischen Kennzahlen, die über die Zeit und regional vergleichbar sind. Neben der Bereitstellung der Ergebnisse werden die Skripte am BfArM für zukünftige Datennutzende zur Verfügung stehen. Mit dem Fernzugang zur Analyse der DaTraV-Daten, der derzeit am Forschungsdatenzentrum Gesundheit (FDZ Gesundheit) aufgebaut wird, können die Ergebnisse des Projekts ReFern die Surveillance von NCD stärken und Public-Health-Akteur:innen beispielsweise bei der Planung und Umsetzung von Maßnahmen der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention auf Ebene von Bund, Ländern, Kreisen und Kommunen unterstützen.
Simulation-based establishment of base pools for a hybrid breeding program in winter rapeseed
Authors: Krenzer Daniel , Frisch Matthias , Beckmann Katrin , Kox Tobias , Flachenecker Christian , Abbadi Amine , Snowdon Rod , Herzog Eva
Published: January 2024

Key message

Simulation planned pre-breeding can increase the efficiency of starting a hybrid breeding program.

Starting a hybrid breeding program commonly comprises a grouping of the initial germplasm in two pools and subsequent selection on general combining ability. Investigations on pre-breeding steps before starting the selection on general combining ability are not available. Our goals were (1) to use computer simulations on the basis of DNA markers and testcross data to plan crosses that separate genetically two initial germplasm pools of rapeseed, (2) to carry out the planned crosses, and (3) to verify experimentally the pool separation as well as the increase in testcross performance. We designed a crossing program consisting of four cycles of recombination. In each cycle, the experimentally generated material was used to plan the subsequent crossing cycle with computer simulations. After finishing the crossing program, the initially overlapping pools were clearly separated in principal coordinate plots. Doubled haploid lines derived from the material of crossing cycles 1 and 2 showed an increase in relative testcross performance for yield of about 5% per cycle. We conclude that simulation-designed pre-breeding crossing schemes, that were carried out before the general combining ability-based selection of a newly started hybrid breeding program, can save time and resources, and in addition conserve more of the initial genetic variation than a direct start of a hybrid breeding program with general combining ability-based selection.
Persistence of Marine Bacterial Plasmid in the House Fly (Musca domestica): Marine-Derived Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Have a Chance of Invading the Human Environment
Authors: Nawata Kanoko , Kadoya Aya , Suzuki Satoru
Published: January 2024

The house fly is known to be a vector of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in animal farms. It is also possible that the house fly contributes to the spread of ARB and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) among various environments. We hypothesized that ARB and ARGs present in marine fish and fishery food may gain access to humans via the house fly. We show herein that pAQU1, a marine bacterial ARG-bearing plasmid, persists in the house fly intestine for 5 days after fly ingestion of marine bacteria. In the case of Escherichia coli bearing the same plasmid, the persistence period exceeded 7 days. This interval is sufficient for transmission to human environments, meaning that the house fly is capable of serving as a vector of marine-derived ARGs. Time course monitoring of the house fly intestinal microflora showed that the initial microflora was occupied abundantly with Enterobacteriaceae. Experimentally ingested bacteria dominated the intestinal environment immediately following ingestion; however, after 72 h, the intestinal microflora recovered to resemble that observed at baseline, when diverse genera of Enterobacteriaceae were seen. Given that pAQU1 in marine bacteria and E. coli were detected in fly excrement (defined here as any combination of feces and regurgitated material) at 7 days post-bacterial ingestion, we hypothesize that the house fly may serve as a vector for transmission of ARGs from marine items and fish to humans via contamination with fly excrement.
Added insult to injury? The response of meat-associated pathogens to proposed antimicrobial interventions
Authors: Marmion Maitiú , Macori Guerrino , Barroug Soukaina , Soro Arturo B. , Bourke Paula , Tiwari Brijesh K. , Whyte Paul , Scannell Amalia G. M.
Published: January 2024

Modern requirements for ‘green label’ meat products have led to the design of novel antimicrobial innovations which prioritise quality, safety and longevity. Plasma-functionalised water (PFW), ultraviolet light and natural antimicrobial compositions have been investigated and optimised for control of foodborne pathogens like Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. However, given the adaptive mechanisms present in bacteria under external stresses, it is imperative to understand the effect that sublethal treatment may have on the bacterial transcriptome. In this study, Salmonella Typhimurium and C. jejuni were treated with sublethal doses of ultraviolet light, a citrus juice/essential oil marinade, and ‘spark’ or ‘glow’ cold plasma generation system-produced PFW. Immediately after treatment, cells were lysed and RNA was extracted and purified. mRNA was converted to cDNA by reverse transcription-PCR and sequenced by an Illumina MiSeq® system. Sequences were filtered and analysed using the Tuxedo workflow. Sublethal treatment of Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella Typhimurium led to increased immediate cellular and metabolic activity, as well as diversification in protein and metabolic functioning. There was further expression of pathogenesis and virulence-associated traits associated with spark PFW and marinade treatment of Salmonella Typhimurium. However, similar concerns were not raised with glow PFW or UV-treated samples. This study provides science-based evidence of the efficacy of multi-hurdle antimicrobial system using green-label marinades and PFW or UV to inactivate pathogens without upregulating virulence traits in surviving cells. This study will inform policymakers and food industry stakeholders and reinforces the need to incorporate in-line novel technologies to ensure consumer safety.

Key points

• Salmonella and C. jejuni showed increased cell activity in immediate response to stress.

• Virulence genes showed increased expression when treated with natural antimicrobials and sPFW.

• Reduced immediate transcriptomic response to gPFW and UV treatment indicates lower risk.
Reliability of large language models in managing odontogenic sinusitis clinical scenarios: a preliminary multidisciplinary evaluation
Authors: Saibene Alberto Maria , Allevi Fabiana , Calvo-Henriquez Christian , Maniaci Antonino , Mayo-Yáñez Miguel , Paderno Alberto , Vaira Luigi Angelo , Felisati Giovanni , Craig John R.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the utility of large language model (LLM) artificial intelligence tools, Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) versions 3.5 and 4, in managing complex otolaryngological clinical scenarios, specifically for the multidisciplinary management of odontogenic sinusitis (ODS).

Methods

A prospective, structured multidisciplinary specialist evaluation was conducted using five ad hoc designed ODS-related clinical scenarios. LLM responses to these scenarios were critically reviewed by a multidisciplinary panel of eight specialist evaluators (2 ODS experts, 2 rhinologists, 2 general otolaryngologists, and 2 maxillofacial surgeons). Based on the level of disagreement from panel members, a Total Disagreement Score (TDS) was calculated for each LLM response, and TDS comparisons were made between ChatGPT3.5 and ChatGPT4, as well as between different evaluators.

Results

While disagreement to some degree was demonstrated in 73/80 evaluator reviews of LLMs’ responses, TDSs were significantly lower for ChatGPT4 compared to ChatGPT3.5. Highest TDSs were found in the case of complicated ODS with orbital abscess, presumably due to increased case complexity with dental, rhinologic, and orbital factors affecting diagnostic and therapeutic options. There were no statistically significant differences in TDSs between evaluators’ specialties, though ODS experts and maxillofacial surgeons tended to assign higher TDSs.

Conclusions

LLMs like ChatGPT, especially newer versions, showed potential for complimenting evidence-based clinical decision-making, but substantial disagreement was still demonstrated between LLMs and clinical specialists across most case examples, suggesting they are not yet optimal in aiding clinical management decisions. Future studies will be important to analyze LLMs’ performance as they evolve over time.
CT analysis of frontal recess air cell and fluid dynamics simulation of frontal sinus in people with different frontal sinus development after Draf1–3 surgery
Authors: Zhu Zhengru , Wang Jian , Du Weijia , Xu Min , Xue Tao , Lai Yubing , Chen Fuquan
Published: January 2024

Objective

To explore the effects of Draf1–3 on frontal sinus airflow and frontal sinus irrigation in people with different frontal sinus development

Methods

The development of the frontal sinus and the distribution of the frontal recess cells were evaluated by CT scan in 150 adults (300 sides). The airflow changes into the frontal sinus and frontal recess after Draf were analyzed by Fluent software under a steady state and quiet inspiratory state. Nasal irrigation after Draf in adults with well-developed frontal sinus was simulated using 120 mL saline at a rate of 12 mL/s in a position at 45° to observe the changes in transient flow distribution.

Results

The moderately developed type of the frontal sinus was the most common. The airflow patterns in the frontal sinus and frontal recess in the moderate development group were laminar, while several large vortexes were formed between the frontal sinus and frontal recess in the well-development group. The Draf exerted more significant effects on the patterns, pressure, and velocity of the airflow in the frontal sinus and frontal recess in the well development group than in the moderate development group. The volume fraction of saline in the frontal sinus increased significantly from Draf1 to Draf3, and the time required for a complete infiltration of saline in the frontal sinus mucosa was significantly reduced.

Conclusions

Draf1–3 has different effects on the airflow field of the frontal sinus with different developmental types; and Draf1–3 can significantly improve the postoperative flushing of the frontal sinus.
A deep neural network for MRI spinal inflammation in axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Lin Yingying , Chan Shirley Chiu Wai , Chung Ho Yin , Lee Kam Ho , Cao Peng
Published: January 2024

Objective

To develop a deep neural network for the detection of inflammatory spine in short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).

Methods

A total 330 patients with axSpA were recruited. STIR MRI of the whole spine and clinical data were obtained. Regions of interests (ROIs) were drawn outlining the active inflammatory lesion consisting of bone marrow edema (BME). Spinal inflammation was defined by the presence of an active inflammatory lesion on the STIR sequence. The 'fake-color' images were constructed. Images from 270 and 60 patients were randomly separated into the training/validation and testing sets, respectively. Deep neural network was developed using attention UNet. The neural network performance was compared to the image interpretation by a radiologist blinded to the ground truth.

Results

Active inflammatory lesions were identified in 2891 MR images and were absent in 14,590 MR images. The sensitivity and specificity of the derived deep neural network were 0.80 ± 0.03 and 0.88 ± 0.02, respectively. The Dice coefficient of the true positive lesions was 0.55 ± 0.02. The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC) curve of the deep neural network was 0.87 ± 0.02. The performance of the developed deep neural network was comparable to the interpretation of a radiologist with similar sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusion

The developed deep neural network showed similar sensitivity and specificity to a radiologist with four years of experience. The results indicated that the network can provide a reliable and straightforward way of interpreting spinal MRI. The use of this deep neural network has the potential to expand the use of spinal MRI in managing axSpA.
Cancer Survivorship
Authors: Löwe Amelie , Hasenburg Annette , Seeger Alexander , Almstedt Katrin
Published: January 2024

International steigt die Anzahl an Menschen, die mit oder nach einer Tumorerkrankung leben. Die große Gruppe der Langzeitüberlebenden, der sog. „cancer survivors“, ist in verschiedener Hinsicht sehr heterogen und der hieraus resultierende Unterstützungsbedarf entsprechend individuell. Strukturierte Survivorship-Programme haben zum Ziel, die verschiedenen Bedürfnisse sowie den Bedarf der Betroffenen zu erfassen. Zur besseren Information und Kommunikation innerhalb des interdisziplinären Versorgungsnetzwerks von Langzeitüberlebenden wird die Ausstellung eines individualisierten Survivorship Care Plan empfohlen – ein Projekt, das nur im interdisziplinären Team gelingen kann.
Eignung des Manchester Triage System zur Weiterleitung nichttraumatologischer Notfallpatienten mit geringer Fallschwere in die kassenärztliche Notfallversorgung: Ergebnisse einer holistischen Kohortenstudie
Authors: Rovas Alexandros , Korf Luisa , Finke Markus , Bernhard Michael , Pavenstädt Hermann , Kümpers Philipp
Published: January 2024

Hintergrund

Zur optimalen Disposition von Selbstvorstellern mit geringer Fallschwere wurde die Einrichtung von integrierten Notfallzentren (INZ) vorgeschlagen. Da jedoch validierte Instrumente zur gezielten Patientenlenkung innerhalb der INZ fehlen, wird in dieser Studie untersucht, ob das Manchester Triage System (MTS) zur sicheren Lenkung von Notfallpatienten in der vertragsärztlichen Notfallversorgung eingesetzt werden kann.

Methode

Mittels Datenbankabfrage wurden die MTS-Kategorien aller nichttraumatologischen erwachsenen Notfallpatienten über einen Zeitraum von sechs Wochen ermittelt. Anschließend wurden die elektronischen Patientenakten aller Patienten mit niedriger Fallschwere der MTS-Kategorien 4 (grün) und 5 (blau) genauestens analysiert.

Ergebnisse

Von den 400 konsekutiven Notfallpatienten der MTS-Kategorien blau (n = 72) und grün (n = 328) wurden 139 Patienten als primär nicht weiterleitbar exkludiert (Vorstellung mit fachärztlicher Überweisung [n = 110], Liegendeinlieferung durch Rettungsdienst [n = 29]). Von den verbleibenden 261 Patienten hätten 78,1 % aufgrund der lokalen Praxisöffnungszeiten ex ante in die vertragsärztliche Notfallversorgung weitergeleitet werden können. In Kenntnis des Verlaufs (ex post) wären dies jedoch nur 15,3 % der Patienten gewesen.

Schlussfolgerung

Unsere Daten zeigen, dass das MTS kein geeignetes Instrument ist, um Patienten sicher in den ambulanten Sektor zu lenken.
Bibliometric indices as a measure of performance and competitive balance in the knockout stage of the UEFA Champions League
Authors: Csató László , Petróczy Dóra Gréta
Published: January 2024

We argue for the application of bibliometric indices to quantify the long-term uncertainty of outcome in sports. The Euclidean index is proposed to reward quality over quantity, while the rectangle index can be an appropriate measure of core performance. Their differences are highlighted through an axiomatic analysis and several examples. Our approach also requires a weighting scheme to compare different achievements. The methodology is illustrated by studying the knockout stage of the UEFA Champions League in the 20 seasons played between 2003 and 2023: club and country performances as well as three types of competitive balance are considered. Measuring competition at the level of national associations is a novelty. All results are remarkably robust concerning the bibliometric index and the assigned weights. Since the performances of national associations are more stable than the results of individual clubs, it would be better to build the seeding in the UEFA Champions League group stage upon association coefficients adjusted for league finishing positions rather than club coefficients.
A quantitative approach to the understanding of social-ecological systems: a case study from the Pyrenees
Authors: Zango-Palau Anna , Jolivet Anaïs , Lurgi Miguel , Claramunt-López Bernat
Published: January 2024

Mountains are social-ecological systems exposed to multiple climatic and socioeconomic drivers. The Pyrenees are a clear example of the concomitant challenges that these regions face, as they are exposed to stressors linked to depopulation, an economic shift towards tourism, and climate change. To understand how these multiple stressors affect the system’s resources, it is useful to study them from a social-ecological system (SES) perspective. Focusing on a Pyrenean SES, we use piecewise structural equation modeling and network analysis to quantitatively describe the interactions between water resources, biodiversity, and the social and economic elements of the system. Our results show that the current economic focus and dependency on tourism severely impact water resources and biodiversity. Future climatic scenarios forecast a worsening of the pressures on the hydrological system and may threaten winter tourism. Actions to alleviate the pressures on water and biodiversity and to increase socioeconomic resilience are a priority. We argue that such actions will have to include both a diversification of the region’s touristic offer and of the economy, coupled with a more sustainable use of water resources. Our findings highlight the importance of studying the interactions and causal relationships between SES elements. This can help gain a comprehensive understanding of how the SES functions and its sustainability challenges.
Benefits and limitations of recycled water systems in the building sector: a review
Authors: Chen Lin , Chen Zhonghao , Liu Yunfei , Lichtfouse Eric , Jiang Yushan , Hua Jianmin , Osman Ahmed I. , Farghali Mohamed , Huang Lepeng , Zhang Yubing , Rooney David W. , Yap Pow-Seng
Published: January 2024

Building construction requires important amounts of freshwater, thus depleting the already stressed natural water resources. This issue could be addressed by using recycled water in construction and in building systems. However, integrating greywater recycling systems is limited by complexity, costs, vulnerability to environmental fluctuations, and coordination of policymakers, developers, and construction practitioners. Here, we review recycled water systems in buildings with focus on case studies of successful implementations, policies, recycled water treatment in buildings, and health aspects. Compared to conventional tap water, the incorporation of recycled water enhances the consistency and workability of reclaimed water concrete by 12–14%, and it increases concrete viscosity by 11% and yield stress by 25%. We discuss the intricacies of building water recycling systems, with emphasizing on conserving water, mitigating environmental impact, and enhancing economic efficiency. Challenges include water quality assurance, dual piping infrastructure, and regulatory compliance. Government interventions, including incentives, mandates, and subsidy policies, emerge as drivers for widespread adoption. Technological advancements, such as membrane filtration and advanced oxidation processes, are examined for strengths and limitations.
Are climate-change actions present in community-based obesity prevention interventions? Development and application of the DoublE-duty actions in CommunIty-baSed obesity InterVEntions (DECISIVE) framework
Authors: Ward Nicole , Nichols Melanie , Moodie Marj , Swinburn Boyd , Bolton Kristy A. , Fraser Penny , Brown Vicki
Published: January 2024

Aim

Community-based obesity prevention interventions (CBOPIs) target the causes of obesity. Actions implemented in CBOPIs could simultaneously impact both climate change and obesity, making them a potentially important approach. To date, limited work has been undertaken to identify and categorise double-duty actions (those that simultaneously influence obesity and climate change) in CBOPIs. The prevalence of double-duty actions in CBOPIs is currently unknown. This paper outlines the development and application of the DoublE-duty actions in CommunIty-baSed obesity InterVEntions (DECISIVE) framework to address this gap.

Subjects and methods

A scoping review focusing on obesity and climate change was performed, and the results informed the development of DECISIVE. DECISIVE was applied to studies included in the Cochrane review of obesity prevention interventions in children, and both the published and unpublished data of a completed intervention.

Results

The scoping review identified one study and one systematic review which contributed to the development of DECISIVE. The framework lists nine double-duty actions, plus an ‘Other’ action. Each action’s potential impact on both obesity and climate change is summarised and example strategies are provided. Reduce the availability and consumption of ultra-processed foods was the most prevalent double-duty action when applying DECISIVE to published studies.

Conclusion

DECISIVE is the first framework to recognise double-duty actions on obesity and climate change in CBOPIs. The development of DECISIVE holds important implications for community stakeholders who may be able to better identify, incorporate, and promote double-duty actions. This may enhance stakeholder acceptability, feasibility, and value-for-money of interventions.
In search of maximum non-overlapping codes
Authors: Stanovnik Lidija , Moškon Miha , Mraz Miha
Published: January 2024

Non-overlapping codes are block codes that have arisen in diverse contexts of computer science and biology. Applications typically require finding non-overlapping codes with large cardinalities, but the maximum size of non-overlapping codes has been determined only for cases where the codeword length divides the size of the alphabet, and for codes with codewords of length two or three. For all other alphabet sizes and codeword lengths no computationally feasible way to identify non-overlapping codes that attain the maximum size has been found to date. Herein we characterize maximal non-overlapping codes. We formulate the maximum non-overlapping code problem as an integer optimization problem and determine necessary conditions for optimality of a non-overlapping code. Moreover, we solve several instances of the optimization problem to show that the hitherto known constructions do not generate the optimal codes for many alphabet sizes and codeword lengths. We also evaluate the number of distinct maximum non-overlapping codes.
Understanding the relationship between type-2 diabetes, MRI markers of neurodegeneration and small vessel disease, and dementia risk: a mediation analysis
Authors: Grasset Leslie , Frison Eric , Helmer Catherine , Catheline Gwénaëlle , Chêne Geneviève , Dufouil Carole
Published: January 2024

To explore to which extent neurodegeneration and cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) could mediate the association between type-2 diabetes and higher dementia risk. The analytical sample consisted in 2228 participants, out of the Three-City study, aged 65 and older, free of dementia at baseline who underwent brain MRI. Diabetes was defined by medication intake or fasting or non-fasting elevated glucose levels. Dementia status was assessed every 2 to 3 years, during up to 12 years of follow-up. Brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) and white matter hyperintensities volume (WMHV) were selected as markers of neurodegeneration and cerebral SVD respectively. We performed a mediation analysis of the effect of baseline BPF and WMHV (mediators) on the association between diabetes and dementia risk using linear and Cox models adjusted for age, sex, education level, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, BMI, smoking and alcohol drinking status, APOE-ε4 status, and study site. At baseline, 8.8% of the participants had diabetes. Diabetes (yes vs. no) was associated with higher WMHV (βdiab = 0.193, 95% CI 0.040; 0.346) and lower BPF (βdiab = −0.342, 95% CI −0.474; −0.210), as well as with an increased risk of dementia over 12 years of follow-up (HRdiab = 1.65, 95% CI 1.04; 2.60). The association between diabetes status and dementia risk was statistically mediated by higher WMHV (HRdiab=1.05, 95% CI 1.01; 1.11, mediated part = 10.8%) and lower BPF (HRdiab = 1.12, 95% CI 1.05; 1.20, mediated part = 22.9%). This study showed that both neurodegeneration and cerebral SVD statistically explained almost 30% of the association between diabetes and dementia.
Circular economy and agricultural employment: a panel analysis of EU advanced and emerging economies
Authors: Erdiaw-Kwasie Michael Odei , Abunyewah Matthew , Owusu-Ansah Kofi Kusi , Baah Charles , Alam Khorshed , Basson Marita
Published: January 2024

Using data from 24 European advanced and emerging countries between 2000 and 2020, this paper examines the impacts of circular economy (CE) on agriculture employment (AE) and female employment patterns. Based on the availability of data, the study uses three CE indicators: generation of municipal waste (GMW) per capita, the recycling rate of municipal waste (RRMW), and patents related to recycling and secondary raw materials (PRSRM). To investigate the relationship between CE and AE, as well as CE and female AE, panel cointegration analysis and Granger causality tests are conducted. The results reveal that whereas RRMW, PRSRM and AE are in equilibrium in the long run, increasing waste lowers female attraction to the sector. The study therefore suggests that developing and expanding waste management initiatives and innovation are critical to the growth of agricultural employment and the closing of existing gender gaps. Despite concerns that rising recycling practices may negatively impact employment, our empirical results indicate that CE will create opportunities and increase employment levels. The evidence suggests that promoting CE in agriculture is economically, ecologically, and socially beneficial.
Extremes of locally-homogenous vector-valued Gaussian processes
Authors: Ievlev Pavel
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we study the asymptotical behaviour of high exceedence probabilities for centered continuous $$\mathbb {R}^n$$

R

n

-valued Gaussian random field $$\varvec{X}$$

X

with covariance matrix satisfying $$\Sigma - R ( t + s, t ) \sim \sum _{l = 1}^n B_l ( t ) \, | s_l |^{\alpha _l}$$

Σ
-
R

(
t
+
s
,
t
)

∼

∑

l
=
1

n

B
l

(
t
)

|

s
l

|

α
l

as $$s \downarrow 0$$

s
↓
0

. Such processes occur naturally as time transformations of homogenous random fields, and we present two asymptotic results of this nature as applications of our findings. The technical novelty of our proof consists in showing that the Slepian-Gordon inequality technique, essential in the univariate case, can also be successfully applied in the multivariate setup. This is noteworthy because this technique was previously believed to be inaccessible in this particular context.
Astyanax caucanus: microsatellite loci development and population genetics in the Cauca River, Colombia
Authors: Velandia Rubén A. , Campo-Nieto Omer , Márquez Edna J.
Published: January 2024

Astyanax caucanus is an endemic fish species to the Magdalena-Cauca basin in Colombia. It is considered a Least Concern species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, and currently, it is not a fishery resource. Its fertilized eggs may drift up to 4–5 days before hatching and can be carried up to 340 km given the water velocity of the river. Although A. caucanus is listed as short -migratory species (< 50 km), this study hypothesized that it exhibits gene flow along the middle and lower section of the Cauca River due to the great potential for larval dispersal. To test this hypothesis, we developed a set of species-specific microsatellite primers suitable for population genetic studies. Genetic structure analyses with 193 samples evidenced two genetic stocks that coexist, comigrate, and exhibit gene flow along the study area. Both stocks show high genetic diversity indices (Na and HE) and effective population sizes (Ne > 1000), but also show evidence of bottlenecked populations and high values of the inbreeding coefficient (FIS). Finally, these results are useful to understand the effects of other anthropic activities, besides fishing pressure on population bottlenecks found for other fish species cohabiting the area.
A Systematic Review of Virtual Reality Features for Skill Training
Authors: Tusher Hasan Mahbub , Mallam Steven , Nazir Salman
Published: January 2024

The evolving complexity of Virtual Reality (VR) technologies necessitates an in-depth investigation of the VR features and their specific utility. Although VR is utilized across various skill-training applications, its successful deployment depends on both technical maturity and context-specific suitability. A comprehensive understanding of advanced VR features, both technical and experiential, their prospective impact on designated learning outcomes, and the application of appropriate assessment methodologies is essential for the effective utilization of VR technologies. This systematic literature review explored the inherent associations between various VR features employed in professional training environments and their impact on learning outcomes. Furthermore, this review scrutinizes the assessment techniques employed to gauge the effects of VR applications in various learning scenarios. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method was used to systematically select 50 empirical VR studies sourced from three (03) academic databases. The analysis of these articles revealed complex, context-dependent relationships between VR features and their impact on professional training, with a pronounced emphasis on skill-based learning outcomes over cognitive and affective ones. This review also highlights the predominantly subjective nature of the assessment methods used to measure the effects of VR training. Additionally, the findings call for further empirical exploration in novel skill training contexts encompassing cognitive and affective learning outcomes, as well as other potential external factors that may influence learning outcomes in VR.
FTIR-ATR chemometric analysis on pelagic Sargassum reveals chemical composition changes induced by cold sample transportation and sunlight radiation
Authors: Peniche-Pavía Héctor A. , Tzuc-Naveda José D. , Rosado-Espinosa Luis A. , Collí-Dulá Reyna Cristina
Published: January 2024

The massive arrival of Sargassum biomass on the Caribbean coast is a potential raw material source that needs an assessment of its quality and preservation state. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate how pelagic Sargassum changes its chemical composition due to sample transportation, morphotype (S. natans I, S. natans VIII, and S. fluitans III), and exposure to open-air conditions during two months of outdoor conditions using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (IR) spectroscopy and chemometric analysis. The results demonstrate that cold transportation to the lab before flash-freezing caused sample degradation, characterized by mannitol consumption and the formation of anaerobic metabolism products. Multivariate analyses showed that the IR spectral zone with differences between S. natans and S. fluitans were in the same IR spectral regions related to sample degradation. In the two flash-freezing treatments, S. fluitans had the highest IR peak absorbance of mannitol and a lower absorbance for the carboxylic acids IR peak. Between S. natans morphotypes, S. natans I had the highest modification caused by the cold transportation to the lab. The decomposition under prolonged time (up to eight weeks) in open-air conditions demonstrated an increased absorbance on the IR bands of carboxylic acids in the first four weeks. In the sixth and eighth weeks, the IR signals of calcium carbonate increased more than those from organic matter. This study provides a better understanding of the importance of preserving the collected samples and how the decomposition dynamics of Sargassum species may impact the extraction of key compounds, e.g., alginate and mannitol.
Learning de-biased regression trees and forests from complex samples
Authors: Nalenz Malte , Rodemann Julian , Augustin Thomas
Published: January 2024

Regression trees and forests are widely used due to their flexibility and predictive accuracy. Whereas typical tree induction assumes independently identically distributed (i.i.d.) data, in many applications the training sample follows a complex sampling structure. This includes unequal probability sampling, which is often found in survey data. Then, a ‘naive estimation’ that simply ignores the sampling weights may be substantially biased. This article analyzes the bias arising from a naive estimation of regression trees or forests under complex sample designs and proposes ways of de-biasing. This is achieved by bridging tree learning to survey statistics, due to the correspondence of the mean-squared-error criterion in regression trees and variance estimation. Transferring population variance estimation approaches from survey statistics to tree induction, indeed considerably reduces the bias in the resulting trees, both in predictions and the tree structure. The latter is particularly crucial if the trees are to be interpreted. Our methodology is extended to random forests, where we show on simulated data and a housing dataset that correcting for complex sample designs leads to overall much better predictive accuracy and more trustworthy interpretation. Interestingly, corrected forests can surpass forests learned on i.i.d. samples in terms of accuracy, which also has important implications for adaptive data collection approaches.
Fast deep mixtures of Gaussian process experts
Authors: Etienam Clement , Law Kody J. H. , Wade Sara , Zankin Vitaly
Published: January 2024

Mixtures of experts have become an indispensable tool for flexible modelling in a supervised learning context, allowing not only the mean function but the entire density of the output to change with the inputs. Sparse Gaussian processes (GP) have shown promise as a leading candidate for the experts in such models, and in this article, we propose to design the gating network for selecting the experts from such mixtures of sparse GPs using a deep neural network (DNN). Furthermore, a fast one pass algorithm called Cluster–Classify–Regress (CCR) is leveraged to approximate the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator extremely quickly. This powerful combination of model and algorithm together delivers a novel method which is flexible, robust, and extremely efficient. In particular, the method is able to outperform competing methods in terms of accuracy and uncertainty quantification. The cost is competitive on low-dimensional and small data sets, but issignificantly lower for higher-dimensional and big data sets. Iteratively maximizing the distribution of experts given allocations and allocations given experts does not provide significant improvement, which indicates that the algorithm achieves a good approximation to the local MAP estimator very fast. This insight can be useful also in the context of other mixture of experts models.
Towards vibration-based damage detection of civil engineering structures: overview, challenges, and future prospects
Authors: Zar Ali , Hussain Zahoor , Akbar Muhammad , Rabczuk Timon , Lin Zhibin , Li Shuang , Ahmed Bilal
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we delve into the evolving landscape of vibration-based structural damage detection (SDD) methodologies, emphasizing the pivotal role civil structures play in society's wellbeing and progress. While the significance of monitoring the resilience, durability, and overall health of these structures remains paramount, the methodology employed is continually evolving. Our focus encompasses not just the transformation brought by the advent of artificial intelligence but also the nuanced challenges and future directions that emerge from this integration. We shed light on the inherent nonlinearities civil engineering structures face, the limitations of current validation metrics, and the conundrums introduced by inverse analysis. Highlighting machine learning's (ML) transformative role, we discuss how techniques such as artificial neural networks and support vector machine's have expanded the SDD's scope. Deep learning's (DL) contributions, especially the innovative capabilities of convolutional neural network in raw data feature extraction, are elaborated upon, juxtaposed with the potential pitfalls, like data overfitting. We propose future avenues for the field, such as blending undamaged real-world data with simulated damage scenarios and a tilt towards unsupervised algorithms. By synthesizing these insights, our review offers an updated perspective on the amalgamation of traditional SDD techniques with ML and DL, underlining their potential in fostering more robust civil infrastructures.
Equivariant localization and holography
Authors: Martelli Dario , Zaffaroni Alberto
Published: January 2024

We discuss the theory of equivariant localization focussing on applications relevant for holography. We consider geometries comprising compact and non-compact toric orbifolds, as well as more general non-compact toric Calabi–Yau singularities. A key object in our constructions is the equivariant volume, for which we describe two methods of evaluation: the Berline–Vergne fixed point formula and the Molien–Weyl formula, supplemented by the Jeffrey–Kirwan prescription. We present two applications in supersymmetric field theories. Firstly, we describe a method for integrating the anomaly polynomial of SCFTs on compact toric orbifolds. Secondly, we discuss equivariant orbifold indices that are expected to play a key role in the computation of supersymmetric partition functions. In the context of supergravity, we propose that the equivariant volume can be used to characterize universally the geometry of a large class of supersymmetric solutions. As an illustration, we employ equivariant localization to prove the factorization in gravitational blocks of various supergravity free energies, recovering previous results as well as obtaining generalizations.
Transport Cross Sections and Collision Integrals for O($$^{3}$$P)–O($$^{3}$$P) Interaction
Authors: Buchowiecki Marcin , Szabó Péter
Published: January 2024

New collision integrals and transport cross sections for O($$^{3}$$

3

P)–O($$^{3}$$

3

P) interaction are reported in the 300–30000 K range. Those values are based on a new set of potential energy curves (PECs) calculated with the multireference configuration interaction method. The results of the classical and semiclassical WKB (Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin) methods are compared, excellent performance of the classical approach is shown (discrepancy much lower than 1% even at room temperature). In particular, the classical and WKB methods agree very well for the repulsive potentials effectively reducing overall uncertainty.
In-Situ FTIR and Laser Induced Fluorescence RONS Characterization of Atmospheric Pressure Nanosecond-Pulsed Surface DBD Plasma for Indirect Treatments of E. Coli
Authors: Ibba Lorenzo , Agus Rita , Avino Fabio , Furno Ivo , Ambrico Paolo F.
Published: January 2024

We study the bactericidal efficacy of surface dielectric barrier discharge low-temperature plasma treatments, powered by nanosecond high voltage pulses. We achieve $$\sim $$
∼
4-log reduction in Escherichia coli population, after 10 min treatments, at a distance of 1.5 cm from the plasma surface. To investigate the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) responsible for the bactericidal effect, we employ in-situ fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to measure a selection of relevant species, such as O$$_3$$

3

, NO$$_2$$

2

, N$$_2$$

2

O and N$$_2$$

2

O$$_5$$

5

. The measurements are taken under various relative humidity conditions to replicate the bacteria treatment environment. While RONS originating from nitrogen chemistry are detected, nitric oxide (NO), a pivotal molecule in nitrate production, is absent due to the sensitivity limitations of FTIR detection. To overcome this limitation, we employ laser induced fluorescence utilizing a picosecond-pulsed laser to measure the kinetics of NO produced by the plasma. Our results show that the NO concentration is smaller than 1 ppm and primarily localized near the plasma surface, with concentrations increasing proportionally with relative humidity. Notably, at a distance of 1.5 cm from the plasma surface, at which the E. coli is treated, the concentration of NO falls below 50 ppb. Although NO is pivotal in generating secondary reactive species within the plasma, our results suggest that it does not directly contribute to the bacteria inactivation process. Instead, other molecules, such as O$$_3$$

3

, NO$$_2$$

2

, and N$$_2$$

2

O, which are found in higher concentrations, may be responsible for the bactericidal properties observed in indirect plasma treatments.
Thermochemistry of monocharged cation substitutions in ionic solids
Authors: Glasser Leslie , Liebman Joel F.
Published: January 2024

A rather straightforward synthetic procedure for the production of new materials is the substitution of principal ions in the crystal for one another, and some general principles relating to structure have been developed which guide the material designer as to which substitutions are likely to lead to stable materials. These are briefly reported. We here consider the thermochemical consequences, rather than the structural implications, of unit-charged cation substitutions, namely of NH4+, Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Tl+, Ag+, and Cu+, among a large group of ionic solids. It is observed that the formation enthalpies hardly differ among these materials, while their absolute entropies, heat capacities, and formula unit volumes follow similar linear trends but with some relative displacements.
Stratospheric platform applications: reduced cognitive load for multimedia and education
Authors: Periola A. A.
Published: January 2024

The proliferation of computing solutions in future communication networks leads to the occurrence of cognitive visual overstimulation (CVO). CVO occurrence arises in multimedia content editing and provisioning of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education. The presented research proposes a high-altitude platform-based architecture that enable multimedia content editing related to space themes, and insertion in the edge of space i.e., the stratosphere (space horizon) environment. The use of the proposed architecture in content editing and STEM education contexts reduces the CVO by an average of (22–84.1) % and (13.6–31.7) %, respectively. Investigations show that the proposed architecture reduces the latency by an average of 30.3%, and 49.4% considering individual, and multiple content access, respectively. The use of the proposed architecture also reduces the power consumption associated with multimedia content editing by (8.05–42.9) % on average.
The digital leadership emerging construct: a multi-method approach
Authors: Tigre Fernanda Bethlem , Henriques Paulo Lopes , Curado Carla
Published: January 2024

This study presents new insights into the capabilities that a leader needs to thrive in the digital scenario. These insights come from a systematic literature review of 21-years of publications on leadership in the digital environment that supports a four-round Delphi study with a panel of 24 experts from diverse geographical backgrounds (six countries across 3 continents). The e-leadership concept has evolved to digital leadership by transitioning from an electronic way of communication to a broader context of how to lead effectively in a digital environment. Digital leadership is a way of thinking and behaving in a complex time. The findings show that digital leadership has two main aspects within four dimensions: the first aspect is related to business, and it is strategy focused and delivery related; the second one involves personal attributes, and it is interpersonal oriented. Moreover, we identify the associated leadership capabilities for each of these aspects.