bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiologia da violência contra adolescentes no Brasil: Análise de dados do sistema de vigilância de violência e acidentes
Authors: Salazar López María Esther , Linch Graciele , Paz Adriana Aparecida , Vidal Valenzuela Lupe , Centenaro Levandowski Daniela , Barros Helena Maria Tannhauser
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Descrever as características da violência contra adolescentes notificados a partir do Sistema de Vigilância de Violência e Acidentes/VIVA, no Brasil. Material e métodos: Estudo descritivo, com dados do Sistema de Vigilância de Violência e Acidentes/VIVA, Brasil, no período de 2009 a 2016. As variáveis analisadas foram: idade, sexo, raça, local de ocorrência, vinculo do agressor com a vítima e suspeita de uso de álcool nos casos de violência física, psicológica/moral e sexual. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e o teste de tendência de proporções no STATA. Resultados: A taxa de prevalência da violência física na faixa de 15-19 anos alcançou 104,4 por 100 000 casos, e a prevalência da violência sexual na faixa de 10-14 anos foi de 38,5 por 100 000 casos. A violência sexual alcançou nas meninas a prevalência de 52,0 por 100 000 casos, enquanto que, nos meninos, de 4,5 por 100 000 casos. Houve tendência crescente significativa de violência física na faixa de 15-19, e de violência sexual na faixa de 10-14 anos. Ambos tipos de violência atingiram as raças parda e indígena, acontecendo na residência da vítima, sendo o agressor o namorado. No caso de violência sexual, cresceu a suspeita de uso de álcool pelo agressor. A variação percentual na violência física e psicológica aumentou em mais de 400%. Conclusões: Houve aumento de todos os tipos de violência nestes oito anos. Foram mais frequentes as notificações de violência física e sexual, atingindo principalmente as meninas, na residência, sendo o amigo/conhecido ou namorado da vítima os principais agressores.
Соціальні медіа для просування дитячих навчальних радіопередач (на прикладі соціальної мережі Instagram)
Authors: Фіялка Світлана Борисівна , Вашуленко Інна Валеріївна , Галілейська Олена Олегівна
Published: July 2021

Досліджено соціальні медіа як явище інформаційної ери та дитячі навчальні радіопередачі як необхідне освітнє джерело в часи дистанційного навчання. Удосконалено визначення поняття «соціальні медіа». Розглянуто основні класифікації навчальних радіопередач для дітей за віковими категоріями та виділено їх недоліки, зокрема занадто широке розмежування груп за віком. Акцентовано увагу на тому, що населення недостатньо обізнане щодо жанру та потенціалу інтегрованих навчальних радіопередач, а також наголошено на безініціативності редакційних колективів радіостанцій щодо вдосконалення їхніх медіапроєктів. Проаналізовано навчальні дитячі радіопередачі на медіаринку України, серед яких «Веселий трамвай», «Барвисті сторінки», «В гостях у Веселої Нотки», «Грайлик-Читайлик», «Клуб любителів казок», «В гостях у царя Прокаріота», «Твій світ» тощо. Запропоновано алгоритм просування таких радіопередач через соціальну мережу Instagram. Алгоритм охоплює сім кроків, спрямованих на створення якісної візуальної інформації та текстового наповнення для проєкту.
Дослідження технологій підготовки контенту для електронних та мультимедійних видань
Authors: Зоренко Ярослав Володимирович , Воробей Віталій Олександрович , Канєвський Богдан Миколайович , Мазурчак Володимир Ігорович
Published: July 2021

У представленій роботі розглядаються сучасні технології підготовки контенту для вебресурсів та відеороликів, а також розглянуто перспективні напрями розвитку технологій створення електронних мультимедійних видань на прикладі веб-сайтів та відеоконтенту із анімаційними ефектами.
Розглядаються сучасні методи оцінювання рівня підготовки контенту для електронних видань, що побудовані на застосуванні спеціальних метрик для визначення доцільності застосування різноманітного контенту для веб-сайтів. Наводяться приклади типових засобів тестування веб-сайтів за різними рівнями функціональності та якості. Аналізуються процес підготовки контенту для мультимедійного видання на прикладі процесу виготовлення проморолику та застосування різних видів анімаційних ефектів.
Наведено результати аналізу патентної інформації із ретроспективою 11 років за період 2009‒2020 рр., який виявив значну динаміку розвитку технологій, методів і засобів підготовки контенту для електронних та мультимедійних видань. Основне зростання популярності досліджуваних технологій спостерігається з 2017 року, що підтверджується динамікою патентування та великою кількістю виданих патентів в США, Китаї, Японії та інших країнах. Перспективними напрямами патентування виявилися процеси створення контенту, методи контент-маркетингу та SEO-оптимізації, засоби розроблення та тестування веб-сайтів, методи вдосконалення структури веб-сайту, технології комп’ютерної анімації та методи створення анімаційних ефектів для мультимедійних видань.
На основі визначених тенденцій розвитку технологій підготовки контенту для електронних та мультимедійних видань було розроблено алгоритм методики вибору раціональних параметрів підготовки контенту для вебресурсів, а також наведено загальні рекомендації щодо підвищення якості процесу підготовки контенту для вебресурсів.
Oxygen gas transfer through oak barrels: a macroscopic approach
Authors: Junqua Rémy , Zeng Liming , Pons Alexandre
Published: July 2021

The oak barrel maturation step is nowadays strongly rooted in the production of quality wines. Two main physico‑chemical phenomena contribute to the modification and improvement of wine: the solubilisation of volatile and non-volatile wood compounds concomitant with the dissolution of oxygen from the air into the wine. Indeed, wood is a porous material and gas transfer (especially oxygen transfer, expressed as oxygen transfer rate or OTR) through oak barrels, is an intrinsic parameter which ensures wine oxygen supply during maturation. Due to its oenological impact, it has been actively studied over recent decades using several approaches based on the same principle: the monitoring of oxygen in a model wine solution in the barrel. This project aimed at assaying barrel OTR by using a new tool based on the theoretical knowledge of gas transfer through porous materials. An oxygen concentration gradient was created on each side of a barrel kept in an airtight stainless-steel tank. The concentration of the oxygen in the atmosphere around the barrel was monitored in order to quantify oxygen transfer, thus the avoiding common drawbacks of interactions between dissolved oxygen ingress kinetics and the consumption of oxygen in the liquid phase by wood components. This study reports for the first time, the diffusion coefficient of entire oak barrels (Q. sessilis) to be between 10-10 and 10-9 m²/s, and it contributes to increasing knowledge on the complex phenomena driving oxygen ingress during the maturation of wine in barrels kept in cellar conditions. The results highlight the important role of wood moisture content in oxygen transfer, and provides a simple and reliable parameter to monitor it: the weight of the barrel. Following methodology developed by the authors, the OTR of a new oak barrel was found to be 11.4 mg/L per year. Taking into account the oxygen released through the wood pores, a new barrel will contribute 14.4 mg/L per year of oxygen to the wine, of which 46 % in the first three months of aging.
Dedications and autographs on the rare stock books of the Central Scientific Library of the Irkutsk Scientific Center of SB RAS
Authors: Kuts O. I.
Published: July 2021

Today it is widely practiced to exhibit autographs, inscriptions at exhibitions in museums, institutions of science, education and culture. This is due to the increased interest in the history of scientific research, personal and official relation-ships of people, and testifies to the urgency of the problem, that requires the attention of specialists.

According to Brockhaus and Efron, «the autographs of famous scientists, writers and poets constitute the true treasure of libraries ...» (Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron, St. Petersburg, 1890. T. 1, p. 123). Autographs, inscriptions on books can serve as an additional source of information about any author’s life, era, scientific or cultural phenomenon. In the libraries of the Academy of Sciences, one can find literature with autographs, donation inscriptions of scientists, various notes.

The purpose of the article is to bring to the readers some autographs, inscripts, their content, handwriting of prominent Russian scientists on books from the library stock of the Central Scientific Library of the Irkutsk Scientific Center SB RAS (СSL ISC SB RAS) (previously – the library of the East-Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences), to tell about these books and their authors destinies. Responses to the article will help to determine the authorship of unidentified inscriptions.

In the course of the work, there were exposed and identified de visu books with autographs, donations (inscriptions) to the library from authors, to scientists from colleagues and owner’s inscriptions; the analysis of library materials was carried out, an attempt was made to systematize written sources with autographs and donations. At the second stage of the work, an electronic database was being compiled - the Catalog of Rare Books in EC IRBIS, which can be found on the library website.
The quality management system in libraries’ activities
Authors: Kosolapova E. A.
Published: July 2021

Active expansion of methods for searching, collecting, processing, storing and providing information, as well as emergence of competitors for libraries, gave rise to the problem of the quality of services provided. To raise the quality of services, it is necessary to form the institutions’ own quality management system (QMS), based on the ISO 9000 series standards.

The article considers the main data of a number of libraries of the Russian Federation on the QMS implementation and development. The emphasis is made on the fact that implementation of the quality management system guarantees meeting the requirements and expectations of library users, and hence the implementation of one of the principles of the ISO 9001 standard - customer orientation. The quality management system gives confidence to the management and staff of the library, as well as to consumers in the provision and expectation of products and services that fully meet the requirements of the ISO 9001 quality standard.

It is emphasized that the QMS implementation is impossible without the library staff participation. It is important to share responsibilities among the library staff, to create a working group led by a senior management representative, to study customer requirements for the library’s products and services, and prepare and document the organization’s quality management system’ procedures. Continuous perfection of the library’s quality management system contributes to the improvement of the entire organization management activities.

The object of this article is to substantiate theoretically the importance of using the quality management system in modern libraries. In accordance with it, the following general scientific methods were applied: system analysis as the main method, content analysis of scientific articles and GOSTs of the 9000 series in the field of quality, terminological analysis.
Bibliologos – the vaccine from ignorance and nonsense
Authors: Sokolov A. V.
Published: July 2021

The neologism “Bibliologos” is literally translated from Greek as a “Book mind”. Real areas of bibliologos existence are education, science, management. Bibliologos can be considered from three points of view: first, genetic (or rather epistemological, theoretical and cognitive) measurement, revealing the initial substances and philosophical categories that are inherent to both the National Logos in general and its varieties – Bibliologos; secondly, the socio-functional dimension, considering the productive forces, material tools and bibliosphere technologies; thirdly, system-structural measurement, studying signs, symbols and documents that form the system of bibliologos. Hence, there are three private definitions: genetic, functional and system-structural. The generalization of private definitions is the general definition: Bibliologos-Σ is a collective mind of a civilized society in the form of a productive force providing creation, preservation, use of book culture.

The idea of the Bibliologos in all interpretations will undoubtedly find use in such areas of modern mental labor as education, science, management for to educate a new type of person. It is obvious. Prospects of the synthesis of book culture and digital culture are problematic. It should be assumed that in the future digital sphere for processing the Big Data arrays, Big Logos will be required as the universal vaccine from ignorance and nonsense.
Investigation of the properties of a quasi-gas-dynamic system of equations based on the solution of the Riemann problem for a mixture of gases
Authors: Khaytaliev Ismatolo Ramazanovich , Shilnikov Evgeny Vladimirovich
Published: July 2021

The accuracy and stability of an explicit numerical algorithm for modeling the flows of a mixture of compressible gases in the transonic regime are investigated by the example of solving the Riemann problem on the decay of a gas-dynamic discontinuity between different gases. The algorithm is constructed using the finite volume method based on the regularized gas dynamics equations for a mixture of gases. A method for suppressing nonphysical oscillations occurring behind the contact discontinuity is found.
Artificial Intelligence Software Application for Contactless Traffic Violation Apprehension in the Philippines
Authors: Jose John Anthony C. ,   De La Salle University 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila 1004, Philippines, Billones Jr. Ciprian D. , Brillantes Allysa Kate M. , Billones Robert Kerwin C. , Sybingco Edwin , Dadios Elmer P. , Fillone Alexis M. , Lim Laurence A. Gan
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a prototype of a centralized contactless traffic violation apprehension system composed of an artificial intelligence (AI) engine and a web application. The AI engine collects traffic data, primarily traffic violation data, through a contactless approach by using different video and image processing techniques and AI algorithms in its three modules: license plate detection, optical character recognition (OCR), and number coding violation detection. The web application consolidates all the data produced by the AI engine and provides a graphical user interface (GUI) for data management, visualization, and analysis. This contactless apprehension system aims to automate, standardize, and streamline the existing processes of law enforcement agencies and institutions for a more efficient apprehension of traffic violators and help them improve their traffic planning and management in the congested areas of the Philippines.
Adaptive Synapse Arrangement in Cortical Learning Algorithm
Authors: Aoki Takeru ,   Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan, Takadama Keiki , Sato Hiroyuki
Published: July 2021

The cortical learning algorithm (CLA) is a time-series data prediction method that is designed based on the human neocortex. The CLA has multiple columns that are associated with the input data bits by synapses. The input data is then converted into an internal column representation based on the synapse relation. Because the synapse relation between the columns and input data bits is fixed during the entire prediction process in the conventional CLA, it cannot adapt to input data biases. Consequently, columns not used for internal representations arise, resulting in a low prediction accuracy in the conventional CLA. To improve the prediction accuracy of the CLA, we propose a CLA that self-adaptively arranges the column synapses according to the input data tendencies and verify its effectiveness with several artificial time-series data and real-world electricity load prediction data from New York City. Experimental results show that the proposed CLA achieves higher prediction accuracy than the conventional CLA and LSTMs with different network optimization algorithms by arranging column synapses according to the input data tendency.
Three-Mode Fuzzy Co-Clustering Based on Probabilistic Concept and Comparison with FCM-Type Algorithms
Authors: Honda Katsuhiro ,   Osaka Prefecture University 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan, Hayashi Issei , Ubukata Seiki , Notsu Akira
Published: July 2021

Three-mode fuzzy co-clustering is a promising technique for analyzing relational co-occurrence information among three mode elements. The conventional FCM-type algorithms achieved simultaneous fuzzy partition of three mode elements based on the fuzzyc-means (FCM) concept, and then, they often suffer from careful tuning of three independent fuzzification parameters. In this paper, a novel three-mode fuzzy co-clustering algorithm is proposed by modifying the conventional aggregation criterion of three elements based on a probabilistic concept. The fuzziness degree of three-mode partition can be easily tuned only with a single parameter under the guideline of the probabilistic standard. The characteristic features of the proposed method are compared with the conventional algorithms through numerical experiments using an artificial dataset and are demonstrated in application to a real world dataset of MovieLens movie evaluation data.
Intraoperative Dexmedetomidine for Reduction of Postoperative Delirium in the Elderly: A Scoping Review
Authors: Harris Gregory , Hatchell Brooke , Woodard Davelin , Accardo Dwayne
Published: July 2021

Background/Purpose: Post-operative delirium leads to significant morbidity in elderly patients, yet there is no regimen to prevent POD. Opioid use in the elderly surgical population is of the most significant risk factors for developing POD. The purpose of this scoping review is to recognize that Dexmedetomidine mitigates cognitive dysfunction secondary to acute pain and the use of narcotic analgesia by decreasing the amount of norepinephrine (an excitatory neurotransmitter) released during times of stress. This mechanism of action also provides analgesia through decreased perception and modulation of pain. Methods: The authors developed eligibility criteria for inclusion of articles and performed a systematic search of several databases. Each of the authors initially selected five articles for inclusion in the scoping review. We created annotated literature tables for easy screening by co-authors. After reviewing the annotated literature table four articles were excluded, leaving 11 articles for inclusion in the scoping review. There were six level I meta-analysis/systematic reviews, four level II randomized clinical trials, and one level IV qualitative research article. Next, we created a data-charting form on Microsoft Word for extraction of data items and synthesis of results. Results: Two of the studies found no significant difference in POD between dexmedetomidine groups and control groups. The nine remaining studies noted decreases in the rate, duration, and risk of POD in the groups receiving dexmedetomidine either intraoperatively or postoperatively. Multiple studies found secondary benefits in addition to decreased POD, such as a reduction of tachycardia, hypertension, stroke, hypoxemia, and narcotic use. One study, however, found that the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia were increased among the elderly population. Implications for Nursing Practice: Surgery is a tremendous stressor in any age group, but especially the elderly population. It has been shown postoperative delirium occurs in 17-61% of major surgery procedures with 30-40% of the cases assumed to be preventable. Opioid administration in the elderly surgical population is one of the most significant risk factors for developing POD. With anesthesia practice already leaning towards opioid-free and opioid-limited anesthetic, the incorporation of dexmedetomidine could prove to be a valuable resource in both reducing opioid use and POD in the elderly surgical population. Although more research is needed, the current evidence is promising.
Improving Drama Script Writing through Modeling Strategies
Authors: Widodo Suyud , Lustyantie Ninuk
Published: July 2021

This action research refers to Elliot model (1991)  that aims to improve the ability of writing a screenplay through modeling strategies. This action researchon SMA of Purbolinggo Lampung in the academic year of  2014/2015. The implementation of this research is three cycles. Each implementation of actions is divided into stages, identifying intial idea, reconnaissance, general planning, implement of action, monitor implemention,   reflection, reconnaissance and revise general idea. The results of the reflection activities function as  a foothold to draw up a plan of action to the next cycle. The research results can be concluded: the first process of improving writing skills through drama script modeling strategy. Second, the results of the upgrade script writing drama through modeling strategies, ranging from initial tests as exploitation of the capabilities of the beginning to the end of the test third cycle  the experience increased. (1) The results of initial tests average score 40.1 ((level less); (2) the first cycle  the average score 42.4 (level less); (3) the second cycle  the average score 64.3 (level of being); and (4) the third cycle the average score 83.4. This score has already reached a high level.
MIOCENE NERITIC BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL COMMUNITY DYNAMICS, CALVERT CLIFFS, MARYLAND, USA: SPECIES POOL, PATTERNS AND PROCESSES
Authors: CULVER STEPHEN J. , SUTTON SETH R. , MALLINSON DAVID J. , BUZAS MARTIN A. , ROBINSON MARCI M. , DOWSETT HARRY J.
Published: July 2021

The presence/absence and abundance of benthic foraminifera in successive discrete beds (Shattuck “zones”) of the Miocene Calvert and Choptank formations, exposed at the Calvert Cliffs, Maryland, USA, allows for investigation of community dynamics over space and time. The stratigraphic distribution of benthic foraminifera is documented and interpreted in the context of sea-level change, sequence stratigraphy, and the previously published distribution of mollusks. Neritic benthic foraminiferal communities of four sea-level cycles over ∼4 million years of the middle Miocene, encompassing the Miocene Climatic Optimum and the succeeding middle Miocene Climate Transition, are dominated by the same abundant species. They differ in the varying abundance of common species that occur throughout most of the studied section and in the different rare species that appear and disappear. Transgressive systems tracts (TSTs) have higher species diversity than highstand systems tracts (HSTs) but much lower density of specimens. In contrast to some previous research, all beds in the studied section are interpreted as being from the inner part of a broad, low gradient shelf and were deposited at water depths of less than ∼50 m. It is suggested that species are recruited from a regional species pool of propagules throughout the duration of TSTs. Recruitment is curtailed during highstands leading to lower diversity in the HSTs.
Šaňkara versus Sāňkhya:A Competition for the Vedic Heritage and Logical Rationality. Šaňkara, Brahmasûtrabhāṣya II.2.1–10, Trans. by Vladimir K. Shokhin
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Shokhin Vladimir K.
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the controversy between Advaita-Vedānta and Sāňkhya, two most influential Brāhmanic systems of the early medieval period where­from the first with Šaňkarācharya (7th – 8th centuries A.D.) at the head em­barked on the successful сonquest of the Indian philosophical space while the second one began to surrender. While scrutinizing the controversial sections of Šaňkara’s magnum opus, the Brahmasûtrabhāṣya one can discern two theatres of this war, i.e. his attempts to disavow the Sāňkhyas’ demands both for some conceptual spaces of the Upanişads and coherency of their system whichcombined features of very specific naturalistic evolutionism and dualism.The author of the paper concludes with the upshot that Šaňkara has failed to demonstrate the absence of the Sāňkhya nomenclature in the middle Upanişads but succeeded in disproving consistency of its naturalism and dualism, while the Sāňkhyas, in turn, managed to detect difficulties in the compatibility of the Advaitists’ soteriological programm and their ontological doctrine of the ab­solute monism. In his opinion, the outcomes of this opposition can arise atten­tion of not only those dealing with the history of philosophy but are claimed by today’s philosophical reflexion as well.
The Thesis of Medieval Ontology in Heidegger’s Interpretation
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Marchukova Ekaterina S.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of Heidegger’s interpretation of the me­dieval ontology thesis. The main source for this article is Heidegger’s Marburg Lectures “Die Grundprobleme der Phänomenologie”, where the problem of the interpretation of the medieval ontology thesis has a special section. The meth­ods of hermeneutic analysis, comparative analysis, as well as the method of historical and philosophical reconstruction are applied in the research. The ar­ticle shows what points of convergence Heidegger could find in the medieval tradition of discussing the problem of distinction between essence (essentia) and existence (existentia) with his project of fundamental ontology. Particular attention is paid to clarifying the core definitions of essentia and existentia for the topic of study, as well as the closely related Greek terms μορφή, εἶδος (ἰδέα), τὸ τὶ ᾖν εἶναι, γένος, φύσις, ὁριςμός, οὐσία in the Heidegger’s interpre­tation. The article presents how the clarification of the genealogy of key onto­logical terms enables Heidegger to discover the correlation between the con­structions of medieval metaphysics and Dasein analytics. The author shows to what extent the scholastic tradition of discussing the problem of the relation and distinction between essence and existence in Heidegger’s interpretation could serve as a kind of introduction to the Heidegger’s project of ontology as phenomenology. The article also shows what difficulties arise when trying to apply the results of the analysis of medieval ontology thesis to the specificity of the Dasein. In this problematic context are considered the correlation and distinction of the terms proposed by Heidegger: Washeit, Vorhandensein as well as Werheit and Existenz.
Hermeneutics of G. Oberhammer in the Сontext of 20th Century West European Philosophy and Theology. Oberhammer, Gerhard, “Versuch einer transzendentalen Hermeneutik religiöser Traditionen”, Fragment
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Kryshtop Ludmila E.
Published: July 2021

The article concerns the work of Gerhard Oberhammer, one of the most famous German-speaking Indologists and philosophers of the 20thcentury. Besides the studies on the sacred texts of the religious traditions of Ancient India, Ober­hammer wrote a number of articles devoted to the consideration of more general philosophical and religious issues. On the basis of indological material, Oberham­mer develops a universal method (transcendental hermeneutics) of studying and analyzing both the religious experience of individuals and the religious traditions that appear and develop on its ground. This article discusses in detail some of the general philosophical presuppositions of the transcendental religious hermeneu­tics method formed by Oberhammer, analyzes the philosophical and theological con­text of Oberhammer’s work, identifies sources of possible influence on the arising and development of Oberhammer’s thought. In the course of the comparison, the au­thor highlights traits of similarities and differences between the philosophical views of Oberhammer and the philosophy and theology of Karl Rahner. The article contains a translated from German fragment of the Oberhammer’s program article Versuch einer transzendentalen Hermeneutik religiöser Traditionen.
Inclusivism as a Сonceptual Means in the Works by Paul Hacker and Gerhard Oberhammer
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, Russian Academy of Science, Desnitskaya Evgeniya A.
Published: July 2021

The concept of inclusivism was introduced by German indologist Paul Hacker (1913–1979) to designate a specific polemical strategy characteristic to Indian religious teachings. Inclusivism is described as adoptiong the views of alien reli­gious groups and including them in the own doctrine at a hierarchically subordi­nate place. In Hacker’s view, inclusivism is an intellectual practice widely used in the rivalry between different religious traditions in India, and as such it should be distinguished from European tolerance. In recent forty years the concept of inclusivism has been widely discussed and criticized. Gerhard Oberhammer, in particular, objected against interpreting inclusivism as a social strategy. In the context of his doctrine of transcendental hermeneutics, he considered inclu­sivism to be a normative way in which many Indian religious traditions devel­oped their canons of scripture. In this paper I analyze the concept of inclusivism in the works of Hacker and Oberhammer and discuss its’ outlook in contempo­rary indological studies. A broad interpretation of inclusivism as an implicit tex­tual strategy characteristic to intellectual traditions at different periods of Indian history makes this concept a promising tool for a study of Indian philosophy and Indian culture.
The Inner Form between Logic and Semantics:W. von Humboldt – G. Shpet – R. Jacobson – N. Zhinkin. Zhinkin, Nikolai I., Letter to Pavel S. Popov, Publication by Boris I. Pruzhinin and Tatiana G. Shchedrina
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pruzhinin Boris I. , Shchedrina Tatiana G. ,   Moscow State Pedagogical University
Published: July 2021

The reason for writing this article was a letter from Nikolai Ivanovich Zhinkin to Pavel Sergeevich Popov (has been reproduced hereafter), which discusses the es­sential logical-epistemological problem of the relationship between conscious­ness and language. The authors immerse the ideas expressed by N.I. Zhinkin in the late – psychological – period of creativity, in the field of his early – philo­sophical – interests, motivated by the conceptual constructions of his teacher G.G. Shpet (first of all, by his phenomenologically oriented studies of the inner form of the word). The concept of inner form, the European sources of its origin, the trajectory of its historical movement in Russia from philosophy (G.G. Shpet) to linguistics (R.O. Yakobson) and psychology (N.I. Zhinkin) is central for the authors of the article, as well as the semantic transformations that occur with him during the transfer from the sphere of philosophy to specific scientific areas of knowledge. At the same time, the historical continuity of Russian pre-revolution­ary philosophy and scientific and humanitarian thought of the Soviet period is demonstrated. In methodological terms, the authors focus on the features of philosophical ideas’ application in their projection onto the emerging positive scientific research itself. When a positive (albeit humanitarian) science assimi­lates any approach initiated by philosophy, it accentuates aspects of its concep­tual content relevant to a given subject area under study, thereby determining its ideological and conceptual potential. Such a semantic limitation of philosophical ideas and concepts, arising in the course of their projection onto positive scien­tific research, stops their dynamics, which is inevitable retribution for their spe­cific cognitive effectiveness.
Contrasting Vegetation Gradient Effects Explain the Differences in Leaf Traits Among Woody Plant Communities in the Amazonia-Cerrado Transition
Authors: Araújo Igor , Scalon Marina C. , Amorim Izabel , Oliveras Imma , Cruz Wesley J. A. , Reis Simone Matias , Marimon Beatriz S.
Published: July 2021

The link between functional traits and changes in the environment are challenging, especially in systems of high diversity, such as transitional regions between savannas and tropical forests that are considered unstable and highly vulnerable to climate change. Here we evaluate a series of anatomical traits, key morphological traits, and nutrient concentration for the most representative woody species of four vegetation types (i.e. semideciduous seasonal forest, transition forest, typical cerrado and rocky cerrado) in the Amazonia-Cerrado transition. Our aim was to understand how trees respond to the distinct and unique environmental conditions in each area. Overall, species growing in closed-canopy environments exhibited acquisitive strategies (i.e., higher leaf water content and higher specific leaf area). On the other hand, species from open-canopy environments have adopted conservative strategies (i.e., higher leaf thickness and higher trichomes density). These differences represent a divergence in the adaptive strategies of woody species of the Amazonia-Cerrado transition and are important indicators of how vegetation can respond to future climate change and water availability. Despite these differences, stomatal density and leaf nutrient concentration at a mass basis was surprisingly similar across trees from all vegetation types, suggesting some common environmental drivers, such as likely similar nutrient limitation and climate seasonality.
Dendrimer-Modified Gold Nanorods As A Platform For Combinational Gene Therapy And Photothermal Therapy of Tumors
Authors: Ye Lili , Chen Yaoming , Mao Jizong , Lei Xiaotian , Yang Qian , Cui Chunhui
Published: July 2021

Background: The exploitation of novel nanomaterials combining diagnostic and therapeutic functionalities within one single nanoplatform is challenging for tumor theranostics. Methods: We synthesized dendrimer-modified gold nanorods for combinational gene therapy and photothermal therapy (PTT) of colon cancer. Poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (PAMAM, G3) grafted gold nanorods were modified with GX1 peptide (a cyclic 7-mer peptide, CGNSNPKSC). The obtained Au NR@PAMAM-GX1 are performed as a gene delivery vector to gene (FAM172A, regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of colon cancer cells) for the combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and gene therapy of Colon cancer cells (HCT-8 cells). In addition, the CT imaging function of Au NR can provide imaging evidence for the diagnosis of colon cancer.Results: The results display that Au NR@PAMAM-GX1 can specifically deliver FAM172A to cancer cells with excellent transfection efficiency. The HCT-8 cells treated with the Au NR@PAMAM-GX1/FAM172A under laser irradiation have a viability of 20.45%, which is much lower than the survival rate of other single-mode PTT treatment or single-mode gene therapy. Furthermore, animal experiment results confirm that Au NR@PAMAM-GX1/FAM172A complexes can achieve tumor thermal imaging, PTT and gene therapy after tail vein injection. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that the synthesized Au NR@PAMAM-GX1 offer a facile platform to exert antitumor and improve the diagnostic level of tumor.
Autophagy Inhibitors Treatment Alleviates Degree of Infection and Cerebral Inflammatory Responses in Mouse Model of Japanese Encephalitis
Authors: Zhang Jinhua , Han Wei , Xie Changqing , Gao Mingxing , Wang Xugang , Hu Xueying , Zhang Wanpo , Cao Shengbo , Liu Xiaoli , Cheng Guofu , GU Chang-Qin
Published: July 2021

Background: Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is a zoonotic natural epidemic disease caused by Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) infection. Currently, there is no specific medicine for Japanese encephalitis. At present, autophagy regulating drugs have played an important role in the treatment of tumors, heart diseases and other diseases. We hope that by studying the effects of autophagy-regulating drugs on JEV infection and host response in mice, will provide effective clinical trials for autophagy-regulating drugs in the treatment of Japanese encephalitis and other viral infectious diseases. Methods: After establishing appropriate animal model. We observed the neurological symptoms of the mice and counted their survival rate. We compared the degree of viral infection in the brain of mice infected with JE virus. We compared the extent of neuroinflammatory responses in the brain of mice and explored the signaling processes involved in neuroinflammation.Results: We found autophagy inhibitors wortmannin (Wort) and chloroquine (CQ) alleviate degree of viral infection in the brain of JEV-infected mice. Autophagy inhibitors reduced the neuroinflammation in Mouse Model of Japanese encephalitis. We speculated that autophagy inhibitors may attenuate the activation of the PI3K/AKT/NF-kB pathway, thereby reducing the brain inflammation in mice, thereby protecting mice from JEV-induced death. This result is not significant enough, the specific mechanism still needs further study.Conclusions: Our study suggests that autophagy inhibitors wortmannin and chloroquine could reduce the degree of viral infection and inflammatory response in the brain of JEV infected mice, providing a clinical basis for the treatment of Japanese encephalitis.
White matter degeneration in remote brain areas of stroke patients with motor impairment due to basal ganglia lesions
Authors: Cao Xuejin , Wang Zan , Chen Xiaohui , Liu Yanli , Wang Wei , Abdoulaye Idriss Ali , Yang Xi , Zhang Shiyao , Guo Xiaoying , Wu Shanshan , Guo Yijing
Published: July 2021

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have revealed distinct white matter characteristics of the brain following diseases. Beyond the lesion-symptom maps, stroke is characterized by extensive structural and functional alterations of brain areas remote to local lesions. Here, we further investigated the structural changes over a global level by using DTI data of ten ischemic stroke patients showing motor impairment due to basal ganglia lesions and 11 healthy controls. DTI data were processed to obtain fractional anisotropy (FA) maps, and multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) was used to explore brain regions that play an important role in classification based on FA maps. The white matter (WM) structural network was constructed by the deterministic fiber-tracking approach. In comparison with the controls, the stroke patients showed FA reductions in the perilesional basal ganglia, brainstem, and bilateral frontal lobes. Using network-based statistics (NBS), we found a significant reduction in the WM subnetwork in stroke patients. We identified the patterns of WM degeneration affecting brain areas remote to the lesions, revealing the abnormal organization of the structural network in stroke patients, which may be helpful in understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying hemiplegia.
How Strong Should My Anchor Be For Estimating Group And Individual Level Meaningful Change? A Simulation Study Assessing Anchor Correlation Strength And The Impact of Sample Size, Distribution of Change Scores And Methodology On Establishing A True Meaningful Change Threshold.
Authors: Griffiths Philip , Sims Joel , Williams Abi , Williamson Nicola , Cella David , Brohan Elaine , Cocks Kim
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Treatment benefit as assessed using clinical outcome assessments (COAs), is a key endpoint in many clinical trials at both the individual and group level. Anchor-based methods can aid interpretation of COA change scores beyond statistical significance, and help derive a meaningful change threshold (MCT). However, evidence-based guidance on the selection of appropriately related anchors is lacking. Methods: A simulation was conducted which varied sample size, change score variability and anchor correlation strength to assess the impact of these variables on recovering the true simulated MCT at both the individual and group-level. At the individual-level, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and Predictive Modelling (PM) anchor analyses were conducted. At the group-level, group means of the ‘not-improved’ and ‘improved’ groups were compared. Results: Sample sizes, change score variability and magnitude of anchor correlation affected accuracy of the estimated MCT. At the individual-level, ROC curves were less accurate than PM methods at recovering the true MCT. For both methods, smaller samples led to higher variability in the returned MCT, but higher variability still using ROC. Anchors with weaker correlations with COA change scores had increased variability in the estimated MCT. An anchor correlation of 0.50-0.60 identified a true MCT cut-point under certain conditions using ROC. However, anchor correlations as low as 0.30 were appropriate when using PM under certain conditions. At the group-level, the MCT was consistently underestimated regardless of the anchor correlation. Conclusion: Findings show that the chosen method, sample size and variability in change scores influence the necessary anchor correlation strength when identifying a true individual-level MCT. Often, this needs to be higher than the commonly accepted threshold of 0.30. Stronger correlations than 0.30 are required at the group-level, but a specific recommendation is not provided. Results can be used to assist researchers selecting and assessing the quality of anchors.
WITHDRAWN: Goals for Reaching Optimal Wellness (GROWell): A Clinical Trial Protocol of a Digital Dietary Intervention for Pregnant and Postpartum Women with Prenatal Overweight or Obesity
Authors: Simmons Leigh Ann , Phipps Jennifer , Overstreet Courtney , Bechard Elizabeth , Liu Siwei , Walker Cheryl , Noonan Devon
Published: July 2021

Background: Excess gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with many pregnancy complications and health risks for mothers and infants. Likewise, postpartum weight retention (PPWR) has long-term health consequences for women. Excess GWG among women who enter pregnancy with overweight or obesity have worse obstetric outcomes and increased PPWR compared to women who gain within Institute of Medicine guidelines. Methods: This study is a blinded, randomized clinical trial of GROWell: Goals for Reaching Optimal Wellness, a mHealth tool designed to improve diet quality among women who enter pregnancy with overweight or obese BMIs in order to help them achieve appropriate GWG and safe postpartum pregnancy weight loss. Overweight and obese (BMI B25 and <40) women with singleton, uncomplicated pregnancies will be recruited and randomly assigned to an attention control or intervention arm. The intervention group will receive goal-oriented text messages regarding dietary choices, while the attention control group will receive text messages about healthy pregnancy, labor, delivery and early infancy. Both groups will complete online surveys at baseline (26-28 weeks), follow up (36-38 weeks), 3 months postpartum, and 6 months postpartum.Discussion: This study protocol describes the details of the GROWell randomized clinical trial. The results of this trial will provide data to support the use of an evidence-based mHealth tool to be integrated into clinical practice to reduce excess GWG and PPWR among pregnant women with overweight and obese BMIs, a resource that is currently lacking.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04449432. Registered on June 26, 2020.
Systematic review of quantitative preference studies of treatments for rheumatoid arthritis among patients and at risk populations.
Authors: Simons Gwenda , Caplan Joshua , DiSantostefano Rachael L. , Veldwijk Jorien , Englbrecht Matthias , Bywall Karin Schölin , Kihlbom Ulrik , Raza Karim , Falahee Marie
Published: July 2021

Treatments used for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are under investigation for their efficacy to prevent RA in at risk groups. It is therefore important to understand treatment preferences of those at risk. We systematically reviewed quantitative preference studies of drugs to treat, or prevent RA, to inform the design of further studies and trials of RA prevention. Stated preference studies for RA treatment or prevention were identified through a search of five databases. Study characteristics and results were extracted and the relative importance of different types of treatment attributes was compared across populations. Twenty studies were included: 17 of RA treatments (15 of patients; 2 of the general public), and 3 prevention studies with first-degree relatives (FDRs). Benefits, risks, administration method and cost (when included) were important determinants of treatment choice. A benefit was more important than a risk attribute in 8/15 studies of RA treatment that included a benefit attribute, and 2/3 studies of RA prevention. There was variability in the relative importance of attributes across the few prevention studies. In studies with non-patient participants, attributes describing confidence in treatment effectiveness/safety were more important determinants of choice than in studies with patients. Most preference studies relating to RA are of treatments for established RA. Few studies examine preferences for treatments to prevent RA. Given intense research focus on RA prevention, additional preference studies in this context are needed. Variation in treatment preferences across different populations is not well understood and direct comparisons are needed.
Delta Neutrophil Index: A Potential Diagnostic Marker of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)
Authors: Karagol Cuneyt , Tehci Ali Kansu , Gungor Ali , Tekin Zahide Ekici , Çelikel Elif , Aydın Fatma , Kurt Tuba , Sezer Müge , Tekgöz Nilüfer , Coşkun Serkan , Kaplan Melike Mehveş , Bayhan Gulsum Iclal , Yaralı Husniye Nese , Ozbek Namuk Yasar , Acar Banu Çelikel
Published: July 2021

Background

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a life threatening hiperinflamation syndrome emerging after COVID-19. The serum delta neutrophil index (DNI), reflects the fraction of circulating immature granulocytes and elevated in infection and inflammation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of DNI as a diagnostic marker in patients with MIS-C and to assess its role in determining the severity of MIS-C.
Methods

This retrospective, observational study included 83 patients of MIS-C and 113 patients of COVID-19 and control group. C-reactive protein, absolute neutrophil count, absolute lymphocyte count, DNI and platelet count were recorded.
Results

The DNI levels were 4.60 ± 5.70% in the MIS C group and 0.30 ± 0.99% in the COVID group and 0.20 ± 0.56% in the control group (p < 0.001). According to the severity of MIS-C, the DNI level was found 1,22% in mild MIS-C, 4,3% in moderate MIS-C and 5,7% in severe MIS-C. There was a statistically significant correlation between the DNI levels and the severity of MIS-C. The cutoff value of DNI for predicting MIS-C was 0.45%. In the correlation analysis of DNI with CRP, ANC, ALC and platelet count, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were found to be 79.5%, 97.1%, 95.7%, and 85.3%, respectively.
Conclusions

DNI was identified as a predictive factor for diagnosis of MIS-C such as ANC, ALC, platelet count and CRP. DNI levels in hemogram analysis may guide clinicians in determining the diagnosis and severity of MIS-C.
Comparative Study of Si-Ge-Sn Resonant Cavity Enhanced Heterojunction Bipolar Phototransistor (RCE-HPT) under Quantum Confined Stark Effect (QCSE) and Franz Keldysh Effect (FKE) at 1.55 µm
Authors: Ghosh Soumava
Published: July 2021

Group-IV and their alloy based Heterojunction Bipolar Phototransistors (HPTs) are of immense interest in recent day optical communication. In this paper first resonant cavity enhanced heterojunction bipolar phototransistor (RCE-HPT) with Ge0.992Sn0.008/Si0.30Ge0.61Sn0.09 Quantum Well/barrier structure under Quantum Confined Stark Effect (QCSE) has been evaluated. Further the bulk GeSn absorption region has been considered instead of QW/barrier structure and estimated the Franz Keldysh Effect (FKE). Finally different RCE-HPT related parameters such as quantum efficiency-bandwidth product, responsivity, collector current and optical gain have been studied and compared under QCSE and FKE.