bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guía de buenas prácticas para la mitigación del riesgo de modelo de analítica
Authors:   Universidad Icesi, Alonso Cifuentes Julio César , Quintero V. Lina Marcela ,   Universidad Icesi
Published: May 2021

Las decisiones estratégicas de negocio han sido tomadas históricamente por los encargados de velar por los intereses de las empresas. Con la posibilidad de acceder a grandes volúmenes de datos, y con el desarrollo de nuevas técnicas de estadística y aprendizaje automático (Machine Learning), esta responsabilidad ha venido siendo delegada progresivamente a modelos diseñados para tal labor, con el fin de evitar el riesgo humano de equivocarse a causa de los sesgos, prejuicios y opiniones subjetivas de los tomadores de decisiones tradicionales, fundamentándose ahora en hechos objetivos inherentes a los datos operacionales de cada empresa, pero incurriendo entonces en un nuevo riesgo: que el modelo matemático delegado no logre elegir la mejor alternativa posible, o ni siquiera una adecuada [Javier Gustavo Díaz Cely].
التسامح في مناهج التربية الإسلامية الإماراتية
Authors: الهاشمي مريم , باكالي نافيد
Published: May 2021

تعد عملية تعزيز قيم السلام والتسامح وسط بيئة دولية مليئة بالاضطرابات وعدم الاستقرار من المهمات الأساسية للحكومات والمدارس. تؤثر التحديات المجتمعية، وعدم الاستقرار في المنطقة، والمخاطر المتزايدة لوسائط التواصل الاجتماعي بشكل سلبي على عملية التسامح وتشكل تهديدات خطيرة للغاية. تعتبر عملية غرس مبدأ التسامح من خلال الاعتماد على منهج التربية الإسلامية في المدارس الثانوية بدولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة من الاهتمامات الرئيسية. وعليه، من خلال دراسة حالة للمنهج التعليمي المقدم للطلبة والمواد التي يتم تعليمها لهم داخل فصول التربية الإسلامية بدولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة، تبحث هذه الورقة عملية تعليم وتعّلم مبدأ التسامح في مرحلة الدراسة الثانوية. تقدم الورقة مجموعة من التوصيات حول كيفية الاعتماد على مادة التربية الإسلامية من أجل تعزيز قيم الدين الإسلامي، التي تؤكد على أهمية التسامح كعنصر أساسي في حياة الأفراد، وبالتالي يساعدهم على التفكير الإيجابي بعقلية منفتحة والتصرف وفقاً للقيم الإنسانية التي ينص عليها الدين الإسلامي. ينبغي تحديث مناهج التربية الإسلامية ويجب أيضاً إطلاق برامج التعلم المهني للمعلمين من أجل تمكينهم من تحقيق هذا الهدف المنشود.
De bassin cotonnier à bassin anacardier: facteurs explicatifs de l’expansion de la culture de l’anacarde à Fronan en Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Nanfouhoro Paul-Kévin Ouattara
Published: May 2021

Traditionnellement culture industrielle des paysans de la Sous-Préfecture de Fronan dans la Région du Hambol en Côte d’ivoire, le coton a désormais fait la place à la culture de l’anacardier. Les paysans tagbanan de cette localité ont abandonné l’agriculture cotonnière au profit de celle de l’anacarde. La présente étude examine les facteurs qui ont milité en faveur du basculement des paysans. Il s’agit de connaitre les causes de l’expansion de la culture de l’anacarde sachant qu’elle n’a pas bénéficié d’une stratégie de vulgarisation et surtout ne bénéficie pas d’un encadrement de proximité à l’image du coton. Les données ont été collectées au moyen de guides d’entretien avec les anciens acteurs de la filière coton notamment les anciens responsables de GVC et des anciens cultivateurs de coton, les planteurs d’anacarde. Ces informations ont été complétées par une observation du terrain et l’exploitation de la documentation relative à la question. Il en ressort que les facteurs qui ont favorisé le dynamisme de la culture de la noix de cajou à Fronan sont nombreuses. L’étude relève d’une part des raisons économiques et structurelles. Elles sont relatives aux difficultés de la filière cotonnière dans les années 1980. Elle note également que des prédispositions sociales et psychologiques favorisées par les investissements de planteurs de café et de cacao de retour au village ont influencé leur choix. Ainsi, en procédant par comparaison avec la culture de coton, les agriculteurs d’anacarde ont trouvé cette dernière plus avantageuse et plus rentable.

Mots clés : Agriculture, économie de plantation, coton ; anacarde, Fronan, Hambol
Patriot – new variety of vegetable pieas
Authors: Besedin A. G. , Tikhonova A. V. , Putina O. V.
Published: May 2021

Relevance. The purpose of the research was to produce a new medium-ripe, high-yielding variety of vegetable peas with the usual type of leaf to expand the variety in the now used conveyor variety selection of the Krymsk EBS VIR Branch.

Materials and methods. The experience was laid on the fields of the Krymsk EBS VIR Branch (Russia, Krasnodar Region, Krymsk) in 2019-2020. Varieties and strain were evaluated in a competitive variety testing. Sowing was carried out with a selection seeder SKS-6-10. The plot area was 10 m2 , the experiment was repeated four times. In the phase of technical ripeness, the sheaves were selected for description and the yield was taken into account. The conservation of green peas was done at the Tech Evaluation Lab.

Results. Competitive variety testing in the mid-ripeness group was held by two strains 2014/7 and 344/16. The strain 2014/17 for green pea yields surpassed the standard "Parus" and G-344/16 in both years of study. Fresh and processed green peas were rated by the Tasting Commission at 5.0 and 4.8 points, respectively. High yield is achieved due to the paired beans on the peduncle and a large number of grains in the bean, up to 10 pieces. The grain in technical ripeness has a dark green color and the linear dimensions are 9.0x8.1 mm. In biological maturity, the seeds are intensely green, angular-compressed with a mass of 1000 pieces. 188-225 g.

Conclusion. The results of field and laboratory analyses carried out on the complex of economicvaluable characteristics made it possible to distinguish the strain 2014/7, which in 2020 was transferred to the State Variety Testing under the name "Patriot". It is recommended as a supplement to the existing set of vegetable pea varieties of the Krymsk EBS VIR Branch in the mid-ripe group.
Analysis and substantiation of methods for determining water consumption of haip-pasture herbs in conditions of irrigation by raining
Authors: Dubenok N. N. , Yalansky D. V. , Mazhaysky Yu. A. , Chernikova O. V. , Dubrova Yu. N.
Published: May 2021

Relevance. The most important element of the operational regime of irrigation is the correct (timely) appointment and timing of irrigation, taking into account the biological characteristics of crops, weather conditions and the mechanical composition of the soil.

Methods. In this work, the results of the calculation of the irrigation regime of the hay-pasture grass mixture for the growing season april-october 2016-2018 were presented, on the basis of which the values of the water consumption of the crop, the average values of bioclimatic and biothermal coefficients in relation to sod-podzolic loamy soils in the northeastern zones of the Republic of Belarus. The calculations were carried out by the water balance method, as well as by the method of maximum daily air temperatures.

Results. As a result of calculating bioclimatic and biothermal coefficients and values of water consumption for the growing seasons. It was found that their highest values in all years of research were recorded in the variant with a pre-irrigation humidity level of 80% of the lowest moisture capacity, while their lowest values were observed in the variant with natural humidification. At the same time, as a result of calculations, it was established that the highest values of bioclimatic coefficients corresponding to the variant 80% of HB took the following values: 0.88; 0.72 and 0.66, the smallest are 0.71; 0.64 and 0.50, and the largest values of the biothermal coefficients were: 0.13; 0.15 and 0.15, the smallest are 0.09; 0.13 and 0.10, respectively, for the growing seasons. The largest values of water consumption, calculated by the water balance method, corresponding to the option 80% of the HB took the following values: 423.0; 462.0 and 440.0 mm, the smallest in this case were: 334.0; 404.0; and 331.0 mm, and the highest values of water consumption, calculated by the method of maximum daily temperatures were: 439.4; 420.0 and 432.2, while the smallest were equal: 318.7, 396.4 and 325.7 mm, respectively, for the growing seasons.
Ocena wpływu przygotowania próbek na uzyskiwane wyniki analiz pirolitycznych
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Janiga Marek , Kania Małgorzata ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Wciślak Agnieszka ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Spunda Karol ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Published: May 2021

The aim of the work, the results of which are presented in the article, was to evaluate the influence of the method of sample preparation on the results of pyrolytic analyses: RockEval, Py-GC-FID (gas chromatography with FID detector) and Py-GC-IRMS (isotope mass spectrometry with gas chromatography). Mortars and ball mills are most often used to grind the samples. Three rock samples with a higher organic carbon content (shales) and five with a lower organic carbon content (including two samples of dolomites and three of anhydrites) were prepared. The rocks were homogenized and divided into three parts. Each part was ground: by hand in a mortar, in a ball mill for 5 minutes, and in a ball mill for 15 minutes. A total of 24 RockEval analyses, 48 Py-GC-FID analyses (two pyrolysis temperatures corresponding to RockEval pyrolysis conditions) and 24 Py-GC-IRMS analyses were performed. The grinding of the samples for the RockEval analyses is insignificant. The differences in the results seem to indicate the influence of the analysis error and the nature of the sample. For the Py-GC-FID methodology, the influence of milling on the results of desorption carried out at the temperature of 300ºC for most of the tested samples can be considered insignificant and negligible. At the temperature of 500ºC, various types of samples show some correlations, but they are insufficient to reject one of the methods of sample preparation. Therefore, it is important to analyze the results comprehensively, taking into account both the group composition and the distribution of pyrolysis products. In the case of the isotopic composition analyses (Py-GC-IRMS), also no differences in δ13C values related to different types of grinding samples can be found. Summarizing, all the results show a negligible influence of the method of grinding the samples on the results of pyrolysis analyses. Nevertheless, it is important that only one method of sample preparation is used for a separate sample series.
Wybrane zagadnienia geotechniczne posadowienia urządzeń wiertniczych
Authors:   Exalo Drilling S.A., Macnar Kazimierz , Gonet Andrzej ,   AGH Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. St. Staszica, Stryczek Stanisław ,   AGH Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. St. Staszica
Published: May 2021

This article presents selected geotechnical issues occurring at the foundation of drilling rigs for geological works included in the Operation Plan of a company performing geological works, in the aspect of designing and construction of their foundations and a yard. In the construction of drilling equipment, at least two main zones can be distinguished, often requiring separate foundations for individual machines: the zone near the borehole, including crane components, mast and drill pipe drive, and the so-called machine hall zone, including drive units and elements of mud system. The machine foundation is designed to mount a particular type of machine on it in order to transfer to the ground the static and dynamic loads generated during the movement of the machine. In particular, the current legislation, technical literature and standards were reviewed, especially: API recommended practice 51R and 4G, Working platforms for tracked plant, Eurocode 7 PN-EN 1997-2:2009 Standard. The values of safe bearing capacity of some soils and the magnitude of pressures generated by static and dynamic loads of selected drilling equipment were presented, which can be useful for preliminary assessment of the location of drilling equipment in the field and selection of surface and type of foundations. Typical examples of foundation of drilling rigs in various geotechnical conditions on direct foundations with the use of prefabricated elements such as reinforced concrete road slabs, wooden slabs and composite slabs based on HDPE plastic or on indirect ones with the use of micropiles were described. The following essential elements of the process of geotechnical design of the foundation of drilling rigs and their execution were indicated. According to legal regulations, the form of presentation of geotechnical foundation conditions and the scope of necessary tests should depend on assigning the building structure to a proper geotechnical category, which for practical purposes is tabulated in this article. The design and construction of foundations for drilling rigs should ensure, among other things, that their intrinsic vibrations are sufficiently different from those induced by subassemblies of the rig, that the vibration amplitudes are smaller than permissible, and that the foundations of individual machines are adequately separated from each other and from the rest of the facilities (yard). Conclusions on the safe foundation of drilling rigs on the ground, including, among others, the strengthening of the ground, design of independent building structures such as foundations for drilling rigs and their execution and removal were presented.
Vpliv relacijskih kompetenc na uspešnost oskrbovalne verige
Authors: Mežnar Dušan
Published: May 2021

The main goal of this paper is to present an analysis of the impact of relational competencies (communication, cooperation, integration) on supply chain management practices and on its performance. The paper presents a conceptual model that was conceived, used and tested to study the impact of relational competencies on the company's business performance. The basis for the research was the supply chain of an electric car manufacturer in the immediate vicinity of Slovenia. To demonstrate the effect of relational competencies on supply chain management, organizational approach and business performance of the studied company, the method of functional analysis, correlation analysis method and modeling of structural equations were used. Data were collected from 89 supplier companies from Slovenia, Croatia, Austria, Germany and Switzerland, which are suppliers to the studied company, which represents a response rate of 52.1%.
Kulinarika kot konkurenčna prednost za razvoj trajnostnega turizma - primer Bohinj
Authors: Mikelj Katica
Published: May 2021

Considering the case of workshop Cooking art from Bohinj, the paper describes the culinary heritage of the area and its up-to-date interpretations as an opportunity for the development of sustainable experiences of the destination. During the epidemic, Bohinj has recognised the opportunity for upgrading sustainable tourism based on experiences. Cooking art from Bohinj, certified within collective trademark From Bohinj and organized by FarmWomen Society in Bohinj, has been upgraded by innovative and professional virtual cooking classes and presentations. In 2021, Slovenia is receiving the title of European Region of Gastronomy. The culinary experiences can significantly contribute to this nomination. Culinary workshops emphasise authenticity by combining agriculture with culinary art. As an example of good practice, workshops emphasise stakeholders' connections in the entire chain from the field to the table. Of the utmost importance is the prosperity of the local people, who transfer their satisfaction to the visitors.
Gender Pay Gap in the Czech Economy with Accent on ICT Professionals
Authors: Nedomová Lea , Doucek Petr
Published: May 2021

The subject of our article is a comparison of the level and development of the gender pay gap between selected EU countries (especially the V4 countries and other selected countries such as Austria and Slovenia) for the period 2009 - 2019. The analysis for the Czech Republic will be then supplemented by a comparison with the development of the gender pay gap in the economy and in ICT Professionals. To approximate the development of wages and GDP, we used the method of linear regression together with the method of least squares. All regression analysis calculations are performed at the 5% level of significance.
Serious Games in Vocational White-Collar Lessons – A Methodological End in Itself or a Competency-Promoting Learning Method?
Authors: Paape Björn , Maus Christoph , Kiereta Iwona , Entgens Lars , Hüben Alina , Plohmann Laura , Schöner Patrick , Zillingen Hanja
Published: May 2021

It is indisputable that games are suitable for lessons, and in this context “serious games” have a special role. The goal of the current study is to establish whether serious games are efficient in the area of vocational white collar education, whereby the following research question is asked: To what degree do serious games lead to superior learning results in comparison to traditional group work? In order to answer this question, four groups were formed, two of which took part in a serious game on the topic of “stock market” and two took part in a group work approach to the same topic. Within these different formations, the respective approach was applied at two different DQR (German Qualifications Framework) levels. Subsequently, the learning results were measured by using a uniform learning test. By means of a twofactor variance analysis, both the impact of the method as well as the DQR level were measured. Although no generally increased effectiveness of serious games as a methodology could be found over the methodology of “group work”, the analysis does show a significantly positive change in the learning effectiveness of serious games among the DQR levels, so that we can assume that serious games show increased effectiveness over group work at lower DQR levels. In line with this finding, we can speak of a “meaningful supplement” with regard to the use of serious games. However, this does not signify that this method is generally better than that of group work: a precise analysis of classes is needed in order to ascertain whether method competence has been trained sufficiently in order to make effective use of serious games.
“Write it Down!”—a Learning-Psychology-Based Analysis of the Use of Written Work in Economics Lessons
Authors: Paape Björn , Maus Christoph , Kiereta Iwona , Gebing Anja , Meurer Anne , Schneider-Zöller Kathrin , Schön Arne
Published: May 2021

To date, the use of written work in economics lessons at vocational colleges has been insufficiently researched. Relevant studies on this topic may be found primarily at primary or secondary school level. These studies demonstrate among other things that written work can have great significance for learning, retentiveness, and cognitive development. However, particularly because of the process of digitalization in schools, the amount of written work or writing tasks has dropped. The study at hand will examine the benefit of writing as a teaching method. Using learning-psychology-based findings on the processing of learning incentives by information models, the study focuses on the impact of writing by hand on the retention processes of the learners in economics lessons. To this end, two groups of learners are formed who will learn and repeat the material of a standardized lesson via different methods. One group writes the learned material down; the other group receives a handout containing the material. By means of short-term and long-term written learning outcome tests in the form of multiple choice, we obtain information about the knowledge retention effectiveness of written work in classroom teaching. We show that writing down, as a teaching method, does not lead to better absolute results in the learning outcome tests. However, in the long term, writing down does lead to fewer variances in the results of the learning outcome tests and thus to a more stable anchoring of knowledge in the learners’ longterm memory
The Change in Ownership Structure of Local Public Utilities Providers: the Case of Water and Wastewater Management in Slovenia
Authors: Petkovšek Veronika , Pevcin Primož
Published: May 2021

The paper analyses the effect of Public Private Partnership Act on the ownership structure of local public utilities’ providers in Slovenia. The Act affected the legal status of public enterprises, where solely public ownership was prescribed, and therefore demanded the reorganization of existing public enterprises. The paper aims to evaluate the reorganization of the existing public enterprises, the motives of reorganization and the advantages and disadvantages of the reorganization under the new legislation. The paper presents results based on the primary data collection through a detailed on-line questionnaire sent to the Slovenian local public utilities’ providers in the area of water and wastewater management, in the period from 2018 till 2020. The collected data is used in the comparative analysis which gives evidence about the final outcomes of the reorganization process. It is evident that policy proposal contributed to the increased public ownership in local public utilities provision.
LMX – teorija odnosa med vodjo in zaposlenim
Authors: Ribič Timotej , Marič Miha
Published: May 2021

Employees represent a key part of the organization. Their satisfaction has direct effect on co-workers and their productivity. Leader is largely responsible to create general satisfaction in work environment. With organizing, choosing appropriate management concepts and correct approach to his employees, he creates good relationships with colleagues and contributes to the internal culture of the organization. Good interpersonal relationships are thus an important factor in building success in the company and the operation of processes, as they directly affect work performance, organizational climate and organizational culture. Many companies use classic and wellknown leadership styles. Regardless of the chosen style, it is noticed an alienated relationship between the manager and the employee. The issue can be attributed to strict adherence to the set organizational structure and, in connection with this, the expression of the legitimate power of leaders, yet to some extent the problem is in different understanding of leadership, both with individuals and leaders themselves. The newer leadership style, called Leader-member Exchange Theory, focuses on building relationships, mutual respect and trust, and treating employees as co-workers on the same horizontal hierarchical level. The implementation of this style of management can be seen mainly in foreign markets. This approach is not well known or widespread in Slovenia, nevertheless it is noticed in some companies. Based on a case study from the business environment, we studied a company with such leadership in Slovenia.
How Can an AI Supported, Self-Assessment Tool Raise Standards of Digital Health Services During COVID-19 Emergency?
Authors: Samar Brenčič Neja , Fisk Malcolm , Rajkovič Uroš
Published: May 2021

It is understandable that digital health services are now being developed in the context of a global emergency. However, it is crucial that standards are in place for these services to support their operation in a way that accommodates common interests and objectives and recognises the level of their importance for all stakeholders involved (including service recipients or users). We believe that it is necessary to establish and maintain quality standards for digital health products and services in these conditions. Furthermore, even after the pandemic, the need to integrate digital health services into traditional health and social services will remain a priority. Therefore we consider whether multi-criteria, self assessment tools, supported with artificial intelligence, can raise standards of digital health services that are rapidly developing as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. We believe that such digital services are no longer just an alternative form of health care. It follows that frameworks for the development of standards, accreditation and regulation must also be included as national (or supra-national) priorities. These will help ensure not only technological but also service quality.
Environment, Lifestyle and Health Status: a European Perspective
Authors: Seke Kristina , Marković-Denić Ljiljana , Štavljanin Velimir , Radojičić Zoran , Petrović Nataša
Published: May 2021

Although population health cannot be measured in exact measurable form, a large number of concepts have been developed, and measurements have been framed through the presence of many different indicators. The impact of the environment on human health is well known. However, attention should be paid that no significant number of papers focused on the co-occurrence of environmental and lifestyle determinants on health status. This paper aims to emphasize the joint influence of environmental and lifestyle determinants on the European population's health status. The study was based on the World Health Organization statistical data, and 50 European countries were included. Three data sets were observed: Health status, Environmental, and Lifestyle indicators. Taking into account a large number of data, multivariate analyzes were applied. Results indicate that co-occurrence of environmental and lifestyle determinants have a significant impact on the health status in Europe.
Vpliv omejitve gibanja med epidemijo Covid-19 na obremenjevanje ozračja v Sloveniji
Authors: Senegačnik Marjan , Žnidarič Davorin , Vuk Drago
Published: May 2021

In 2020 the entire world was severely affected by COVID -19 epidemics. Because of preventing of the SARS Cov 2 virus spread there was necessary to introduce considerable restrictions of movement of citizens. This resulted in various negative effects in the field of economy. However, as road traffic is an important source of pollution – particularly of emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases it could be expected that these mobility restrictions result in certain positive effects on the environment. The paper will try to estimate the air quality during the period of epidemics when mobility was severely restricted (second half of March and April 2020, second half of October, November and December 2020). The review will be limited to those kinds of pollutants which are particularly related to road traffic (nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, ozone) as well as to carbon dioxide as the most important greenhouse gas.
Študija primera na Fakulteti za organizacijske vede Univerze v Mariboru: primerjava klasičnega in spletnega dogodka
Authors: Urh Marko , Jereb Eva
Published: May 2021

The paper analyzes the classic and online implementation of a case study event at the Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Maribor. At the faculty, the case study is used as a research-educational method, in which participants (pupils or students), the faculty and the company or organization. The case study has many benefits for participants, faculty, and the company. The case study event at the faculty is divided into two parts: the first part is intended to educate participants for the needs of the event and the second part is intended to compete between the registered teams. The paper presents the steps of the process of organizing a case study event. Both classic and online event have their advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and disadvantages. The paper thoroughly presents the educational method of case study.
Krepitev zmogljivosti skupnosti o vlogi ekosistemskih storitev pri prilagajanju na podnebne spremembe
Authors: Vižintin Liliana
Published: May 2021

Ecosystem services are all goods and benefits that humans obtain from ecosystems. These are essential for human survival, social and economic development. With the impacts of climate change, ecosystem degradation and loss of biodiversity, the efficient and complete provision of ecosystem services is also under threat. The paper presents community capacity building activities on ecosystem services and climate change implemented under the ECO - SMART project (Cooperation program Interreg V-A ItalySlovenia 2014-2020). Since the design of coordinated local climate change adaptation plans of selected pilot Natura 2000 sites in Slovenia and Italy is a project objective, activities aimed at strengthening competences of crossborder local communities and confronting different stakeholder views are of particular importance. The educational needs of the community were identified through a questionnaire. The respondents' knowledge regarding mentioned contents, interest for capacity building and participation in training events were analysed. The results were taken in consideration during design of capacity building activities.
Usklajevanje delovnega in družinskega življenja: vidik spola
Authors: Žnidaršič Jasmina , Bernik Mojca
Published: May 2021

With the growth of the family, in which both parents are working or single parents, and on the other hand the growing demands of work organizations, the extension of working hours and the requirement to be constantly on call, the harmonization of work and family life is becoming increasingly difficult. Work-family balance is important for both the individual and the work organization, as it affects job satisfaction, engagement, productivity and also less employee turnover. Work-family balance is influenced by many factors, one of the most important is gender. Although men also face difficulties in work-family balance, research shows that women are still the ones with more work-family conflicts, as they take more care of children and household chores. The contribution based on previous literature and previous research presents the situation in the field of work-life balance in Slovenia from the gender point of view of. The results of a survey conducted among 343 employees in Slovenian companies were also presented, as well as possible improvements proposed at the level of both organizations and the state.
Zakaj računalnik prekaša človeka v šahu v nogometu pa ne?
Authors: Rajkovič Vladislav
Published: May 2021

Modern information technology (IT), led by artificial intelligence, big data and robotics, have significant influence on our lives and work. Computer algorithms successfully solve logically complex problems, which are also a hard or even too hard nut to crack for humans. Years ago, we were stunned by the news that the computer had beaten the best chess player in the world. A similar thing happened with some challenging games, such as. GO. Many people were already asking themselves the question: What is left for a human being? A life in which we have to find ourselves even in new unpredictable situations is our ecosystem, which is anything but a well-defined game. In this game, IT is an important, sometimes indispensable, tool. The ways in which we operate are changing. That means also our professions. We are talking about job threats. We hear claims that “lower” jobs are more at risk. This is not necessarily true. E.g. the work of a waiter is very complex. It’s not just about food delivery. It's anything more. The work is also accompanied by possible unforeseen events between the waiters and the customer. It’s hard to imagine a robot being able to cope with such situations. On the other hand, the computer often surpasses the radiologist in analysing radiological images. But not always and everywhere. Because the patterns in the pictures can also be new unpredictable situations. For automatic diagnosis, if the algorithms achieve 95% accuracy is very good. They can be a good tool for humans. We know that 95% reliability is not enough for self-driving vehicles. It is therefore about the coexistence of man with computer algorithms, data and robots. In this connection, all jobs are changing. How we experience and survive these changes is primarily up to us humans.
Building an Asset Management System for Engineered Physical Assets: a Contemporary Perspective
Authors: Maletič Damjan
Published: May 2021

A rapidly changing business environment, strong competition, the requirement to minimize losses are some of the conditions under which organizations operate today. This has led to organizations constantly looking for new ways to improve their performance and gain a competitive advantage. Over the last two decades, the demand for effective physical asset management (PAM) has steadily increased. As a result, organizations’ commitment to physical asset management (PAM) has recently received considerable attention in both theory and practice. As a result, PAM has become an important field, especially in the assetintensive industry. In fact, PAM is also considered a key player within Industry 4.0. Assets in the sense of the ISO 55000 standard for asset management are items, things and entities that have value or potential value to the organization. Physical assets, also known as engineering assets, are important in creating tangible value for an organization in a variety of industrial settings such as manufacturing, power supply, water supply, construction, mining, transportation services, and various other sectors. The main purpose of the presentation is to highlight the topic PAM, introduce the key artefacts of ISO 55001, and outline the potential benefits to organizations. In addition, this presentation can be used as a guide to create a framework to maximizing the value realized from assets while balancing financial, environmental and social costs, risks, service quality and performance.
Investigating the Processes of Hydrodynamic Artesian Water Treatment
Authors: Kurbatov A.Yu. , Kuzin E.N. , Averina Yu.M. , Vetrova M.A. , Sitnikov A.V.
Published: May 2021

The paper aims to investigate hydrodynamic treatment processes of raw (artesian) groundwater to be used for household needs and drinking. The main advantage of hydrodynamic raw water treatment is that a single device, a so-called hydrodynamic vibration generator, is enough to perform the most important processing (deferrization, manganese removal, aeration) without any additional reactants. A hydrodynamic vibration generator contributes to accelerating mass exchange processes without using additional chemical reactants, solely by means of the kinetic energy inherent in the raw water flow undergoing treatment, which is generated when the hydrodynamic properties of the flow itself change dramatically. The generator by itself does not purify water; it processes raw water so as to derive insoluble products by recombining the forms in which the substances to be removed are found in the water, that is, by transforming dissolved manganese and iron compounds into insoluble compounds and decreasing carbon dioxide content in the water so as to precipitate insoluble calcium compounds. The resulting insoluble compounds are easy to remove via further processing in a ceramic membrane filtration system. Hydrodynamic vibration generator efficiency depends on many factors, which means that, when implementing hydrodynamic raw water treatment in real life, obtaining fundamental laws governing the treatment processes as functions of respective parametric characteristics is a necessary stage so as to ensure maximum efficiency. Our experiment confirmed that a phenomenon known as sonoluminescence occurs in raw water subjected to hydrodynamic treatment. We propose a monitoring technology indirectly confirming the efficiency of the hydrodynamic raw water treatment implemented, which is based on recording the sonoluminescence phenomenon via an acoustic technique
Transition Probabilities for Markov Process on a Line Segment Located within a Quarter-Plane
Authors: Kalinkin A.V.
Published: May 2021

The paper considers a quadratic birth-death Markov process. The points on a line segment located within a quarter-plane represent the states of the random process. We designate the set of vectors that have integer non-negative coordinates as our quarter plane. The process is defined by infinitesimal characteristics, or transition probability densities. These characteristics are determined by a quadratic function of the coordinates at the segment points with integer coordinates. The boundary points of the segment are absorbing; at these points, the random process stops. We investigated a critical case when process jumps are equally probable at the moment of exiting a point. We derived expressions describing transition probabilities of the Markov process as a spectral series. We used a two-dimensional exponential generating function of transition probabilities and a two-dimensional generating function of transition probabilities. The first and second systems of ordinary differential Kolmogorov equations for Markov process transition probabilities are reduced to second-order mixed type partial differential equations for a double generating function. We solve the resulting system of linear equations using separation of variables. The spectrum obtained is discrete. The eigen-functions are expressed in terms of hypergeometric functions. The particular solution constructed is a Fourier series, whose coefficients are derived by means of expo-nential expansion. We employed sums of functional series known in the theory of special functions to construct the exponential expansion required
Analysis of the trunk oil pipeline survivability in the zone of the butt welded joint
Authors: Pokrovskiy A.M. , Dubovitsky E.I.
Published: May 2021

The article describes the development of a technique for analyzing the survivability of the trunk pipeline in the zone of the transverse weld during operation, taking into account the residual welding stresses. The calculation of residual welding stresses was performed by solving the problem of thermoelasto-viscoplasticity for a material with a non-stationary structure by the finite element method. Solving the nonlinear nonstationary heat conduction problem was carried out by the finite difference method using boundary conditions of the third kind. Modeling the kinetics of transformation of austenite into ferrite-pearlite and bainite under non-isothermal conditions during welding was carried out on the basis of the theory of isokinetic reactions. The calculation of survivability is based on the Irwin criterion and the Paris formula.
Parametric study of the effect of mode and geometric factors on the chamber coefficient of a liquid-propellant engine with a slotted nozzle head
Authors: Novikov A.V. , Andreev E.A.
Published: May 2021

The creation of advanced spacecraft requires developing new and improving existing now liquid-propellant rocket engines. In this case, one of the decisive factors determining their perfection is the design of the nozzle head of the combustion chamber, as well as the adopted scheme of mixing and burning rocket fuel. Thus, the optimization of the geometric and operating parameters of the combustion chamber is an urgent problem, which can be solved using both experimental and computational methods. The use of the latter can significantly reduce the volume of expensive bench tests. The article describes the study of a liquid-propellant engine chamber with a slotted nozzle head, in particular, the effect of the reduced length on the efficiency of the working process, assessed by the chamber coefficient. A mathematical model of the working process behaviour in the combustion chamber of a liquid-propellant rocket engine on oxygen-kerosene fuel components has been compiled. An algorithm for solving the equations of the mathematical model for the studied mixture formation scheme has been developed. Parametric calculations were performed and the main factors influencing the characteristics of the working process in the combustion chamber of a liquid-propellant engine with a slotted nozzle head were determined. Comparison of the calculation results according to the proposed method and the available results of bench tests showed their good convergence.
Clock synchronization in distributed multicomputer systems. Part I
Authors: Asharina I.V.
Published: May 2021

The study substantiates the necessity of clock synchronization in distributed multicomputer systems. The basic definitions related to the concept of clock synchronization are given, and methods of clock synchronization are classified. Increasing the lifecycle of failure- and fault-tolerant distributed multicomputer systems for critical application is one of the most urgent problems at the current level of technology development. This is especially true for unattended distributed multicomputer systems for space applications. The development of such systems should begin with the construction of models of faults and self-controlled degradation, ensuring, firstly, their failure and fault tolerance and, secondly, maximum survivability, which is possible only if there are means of clock synchronization in such systems. All activities associated with ensuring the synchronization of any distributed multicomputer systems begin with the concept of synchronization of on-board functions, which is based on the generation of on-board time and includes the synchronization of on-board software and equipment that requires time synchronization or information about the course of time. The main elements of this concept are the processor clock module, the onboard software clock, the atomic navigation clock.
The first part of the work gives basic definitions, and considers methods and algorithms related to the clock synchronization process. The second part is devoted to synchronization in systems with Byzantine faults and in multi-cluster and multi-complex, i.e. multitask, systems. The modern technologies providing the synchronization process in such systems are considered.
Efeito de Linha de Base VI Sobre Operante em Extinção Precedida por Punição em Ratos
Authors: Silva Eveline Maria Nogueira , Carvalho Neto Marcus Bentes
Published: May 2021

Skinner (1938) investigou punição e extinção em oito sujeitos experimentais que passaram por condicionamento operante de resposta de pressão à barra e foram divididos em dois grupos, expostos à extinção da resposta por 240 minutos (duas sessões de 120 minutos). O grupo experimental recebeu punição contingente nos 10 primeiros minutos da primeira sessão de extinção. Efeitos supressivos da punição desapareceram após a segunda sessão de extinção. Ao final, o grupo experimental e o controle emitiram respostas similares. O presente estudo é baseado em Skinner (1938), com manipulação na linha de base, modificada para Intervalo Variável de 4 minutos (VI - 4 minutos). Foram utilizados seis ratos albinos (Rattus norvegicus, linhagem Wistar) que passaram por modelagem da resposta de pressionar a barra (uma sessão), fortalecimento da resposta em reforçamento contínuo - CRF (2 sessões de 30 minutos) e VI-4 minutos (3 sessões de 60 minutos). Posteriormente, foram realizadas sessões de extinção, com punição para o grupo experimental, utilizando o Jato de Ar Quente (JAQ), seguidas por três sessões de recondicionamento. Na etapa de fortalecimento e na primeira sessão de extinção, o grupo controle emitiu mais respostas que o experimental. Na segunda sessão de extinção, o grupo experimental ultrapassa o controle. Ao fim dessa sessão de extinção, o cumulativo médio de respostas do grupo experimental excede o controle. Nas sessões de recondicionamento, a recuperação do responder nos dois grupos fora de ordem similar
GERMANY’S INNOVATION MANUFACTURING: A PATH TO KNOWLEDGE-INTENSIVE ECONOMY

A INOVAÇÃO EM MANUFATURA NA ALEMANHA: UM CAMINHO PARA UMA ECONOMIA INTENSIVA EM CONHECIMENTO
Authors: Balestro Moisés , De Toni Jackson , Botelho Antonio José Junqueira
Published: May 2021

AbstractGerman manufacturing firms’ industrial system is widely known as Diversified Quality Production, a product strategy which applies the techniques of volume production to high quality product lines (STREECK, 1997). It is a differentiation instead of a cost-driven competitive strategy. The DQP system is supported by a wide and dense mesh of institutions promoting ‘strategic’ interaction between firms and other actors. However, the transition to Industrie 4.0 demands knowledge intensive ICT which can hamper the innovative potential from Mittelstand. Employment in high and medium-tech manufacturing, ICT share in the GDP and hightech exports are virtually stagnated over the last decade and the industrial policy should heed these early signals. The conundrum faced by Germany is to what extent changes in manufacturing will also require changing the institutions which supported its successful innovation manufacturing model centred on Diversified Quality Production.ResumoO sucesso das empresas médias alemãs é amplamente conhecido como Produção com Qualidade Diversificada (PQD), uma estratégia de produto que aplica as técnicas de produção em escala às linhas de produtos de alta qualidade (STREECK, 1997). A ênfase é na diferenciação ao invés de uma estratégia competitiva baseada em custos. A PQD é apoiada por rede de instituições que promovem a interação “estratégica” entre empresas e outros atores. No entanto, a transição para a Indústria 4.0 exige um conhecimento intensivo de TIC que pode dificultar o potencial inovador da Mittelstand. O emprego na manufatura de alta e média tecnologia, a participação das TIC no PIB e as exportações de alta tecnologia estão estagnadas na última década e a política industrial deve estar atenta a estes sinais. Até que ponto as mudanças na manufatura na Alemanha também exigirão mudanças nas instituições que apoiaram seu modelo inovador bem sucedido da PQD.
FORJANDO A POLÍTICA AUTOMOTIVA BRASILEIRA: INCUMBENTES E DESAFIANTES NA CONSTRUÇÃO DO PROGRAMA INOVAR-AUTO

FORGING BRAZILIAN AUTOMOTIVE POLICY: INCUMBENTS AND CHALLENGERS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE INOVAR-AUTO PROGRAM
Authors: Lima Raphael Jonathas da Costa , Santos Rafael Carvalho dos
Published: May 2021

O artigo analisa a construção do Programa Inovar-Auto, política industrial brasileira cunhada com o propósito de incrementar os investimentos em pesquisa, desenvolvimento e engenharia na indústria automotiva. A discussão tem como finalidade contribuir para demarcar as estratégias corporativas dos grupos automobilísticos, indicando como as políticas industriais para o setor são moldadas sob medida, a fim de proteger os interesses das empresas há mais tempo em atuação no Brasil. O Inovar-Auto, por hipótese, resulta de processos sociais responsáveis por estruturar as relações entre organizações incumbentes e desafiantes em disputa no mercado automotivo. Em outros termos, o seu surgimento se deve à queda de preços decorrente da entrada de firmas desafiantes no mercado nacional, e da resposta dada pelas firmas incumbentes ao aumento da competição através do reforço de regras, leis de proteção e demais formas de poder capazes de impedir qualquer movimento de transformação dessa ordem econômica e social.AbstractThis paper analyses the construction of the Inovar-Auto programme, a Brazilian industrial policy devised with the goal of boosting investment in research, development and engineering in the automotive industry. The purpose of this discussion is that of contributing to define the corporate strategies of industrial groups in the automotive industry, showing how the industrial policies for the sector are carved out to measure, in order to protect the interests of those companies that have been in Brazil the longest. Inovar-Auto could possibly have resulted from social processes responsible for structuring the relationships between incumbent organisations and challengers within the automotive market. In other words, its appearance is due to the fall in prices resulting from the entry of new challengers onto the national market, and the response given by the incumbent companies to the increased competition, through reinforcement of rules, laws for protection, and other ways of being able to prevent any movement for the transformation of the economic and social order.
INOVAÇÃO ECONÔMICA EM PERSPECTIVA: UM OLHAR SOCIOLÓGICO NO CAMPO DOS INNOVATION STUDIES

ECONOMIC INNOVATION IN PERSPECTIVE: A SOCIOLOGICAL VIEW IN THE FIELD OF INNOVATION STUDIES
Authors: Misunaga Haroldo Yutaka
Published: May 2021

Resenha sobre o livro Sociologia dell’innovazione economica do autor Francesco Ramella.