bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corrections of the original description of the genus Caiganga and description of the female of Caiganga antennata Carvalho & Becker, 1957 (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae)
Authors: FERREIRA PAULO SÉRGIO F. , SALLES FREDERICO F. , DIAS LUCIMAR G. , COELHO LÍVIA A.
Published: February 2017

The authors examined the male holotype of Caiganga antennata Carvalho & Becker, 1957. It was verified that the descriptions of the monobasic genus and species were based on a teneral specimen. As a result, the generic morphological diagnosis is corrected. In addition, the previously unknown female of C. antennata  is described and illustrated.
Symsagittifera smaragdina sp. nov.: A new acoel (Acoela: Acoelomorpha) from the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: ACHATZ JOHANNES G. , GSCHWENTNER ROBERT , RIEGER REINHARD
Published: February 2017

From a survey of the interstitial fauna at Giglio, Italy, the new species Symsagittifera smaragdina sp. nov., (Sagittiferidae) is described. We herein transfer the genus Praesagittifera and its three species P. gracilis (Yamasu, 1982), P. naikaiensis (Yamasu, 1982), and P. shikoki Kostenko & Mamkaev, 1990 to the family Convolutidae. In addition the diagnosis for the family Sagittiferidae is revised to include only those species possessing sagittocysts in adult specimens.
A review of the genus Cryptotendipes Lenz (Diptera: Chironomidae) from China
Authors: YAN CHUN CAI , TANG HONG QU , WANG XIN HUA
Published: February 2017

The genus Cryptotendipes Lenz from China is reviewed. Two new species, C. nodus and C. parallelus, are described and illustrated from males. Cryptotendipes lenzi Zorina is a new record for China. The male of C. casuarius (Townes) from China is redescribed. Unassociated larvae of four unnamed species also are presented. Cryptotendipes sibaabeus Sasa, Sumita & Suzuki is transferred to the genus Cladopelma as a new combination. The generic diagnosis for males and larvae is emended. Keys to known males and larvae in the world are given.
Two new species and new records of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the Far East of Russia
Authors: AREFINA TATYANA I.
Published: February 2017

Two new species of caddisflies, Lype lubaretsi n. sp. (Psychomyiidae) and Molanna byssa n. sp. (Molannidae), are described and illustrated from Amurskaya Oblast, the Far East of Russia. Six species of caddisflies: Stenopsyche coreana (Kuwayama 1930) (Stenopsychidae), Psychomyiella cruciata Kumanski 1992 (Psychomyiidae), Brachypsyche schmidi Choe, Kumanski and Woo 1999 (Limnephilidae), Adicella longiramosa Yang and Morse 2000, Athripsodes ceracleoides Kumanski 1991 and Leptocerus biwae (Tsuda 1942) (Leptoceridae) are new records for the Russian caddisfly fauna. In addition, the male of A. longiramosa is reillustrated in light of the newly collected material and compared with the original description.
Erratum: Trichromothrips Priesner (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) of Japan and Taiwan, with descriptions of four new species and a review of the Trichromothrips group of genera
Authors: MASUMOTO M. , OKAJIMA S.
Published: February 2017

Erratum
Charybdis moretonensis Rees & Stephenson, 1966, a junior syno-nym of Charybdis granulata (de Haan, 1833) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura)
Authors: AHYONG SHANE T. , LEE TIMOTHY
Published: February 2017

Charybdis moretonensis Rees & Stephenson, 1966, is known only from the holotype and has been suspected to be conspecific with C. granulata (de Haan, 1833). Comparison of the holotype of C. moretonensis with a large series of C. granulata from Australia and various Indo-Pacific localities showed that the two nominal species are morphologically indistinguishable. Characters thought to distinguish the two species are not reliable, being based on a misinterpretation of the damaged holotype of C. moretonensis, the incomplete type description of C. beauforti Leene & Buitendijk, 1949 (= C. granulata), and a failure to account for allometric variation. Therefore, C. moretonensis is synonymised with C. granulata. We also report the largest known specimen of C. granulata and confirm its presence in eastern Australia.
Enhanced Tropospheric Wave Forcing of Two Anticyclones in the Prephase of the January 2009 Major Stratospheric Sudden Warming Event
Authors: Schneidereit Andrea , Peters Dieter H. W. , Grams Christian M. , Quinting Julian F. , Keller Julia H. , Wolf Gabriel , Teubler Franziska , Riemer Michael , Martius Olivia
Published: February 2017

Tropospheric forcing of planetary wavenumber 2 is examined in the prephase of the major stratospheric sudden warming event in January 2009 (MSSW 2009). Because of a huge increase in Eliassen–Palm fluxes induced mainly by wavenumber 2, easterly angular momentum is transported into the Arctic stratosphere, deposited, and then decelerates the polar night jet. In agreement with earlier studies, the results reveal that the strongest eddy heat fluxes, associated with wavenumber 2, occur at 100 hPa during the prephase of MSSW 2009 in ERA-Interim. In addition, moderate conditions of the cold phase of ENSO (La Niña) contribute to the eddy heat flux anomaly. It is shown that enhanced tropospheric wave forcing over Alaska and Scandinavia is caused by tropical processes in two ways. First, in a climatological sense, La Niña contributes to an enhanced anticyclonic flow over both regions. Second, the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) has an indirect influence on the Alaskan ridge by enhancing eddy activity over the North Pacific. This is manifested in an increase in cyclone frequency and associated warm conveyor belt outflow, which contribute to the maintenance and amplification of the Alaskan anticyclone. The Scandinavian ridge is maintained by wave trains emanating from the Alaskan ridge propagating eastward, including an enhanced transport of eddy kinetic energy. The MSSW 2009 is an extraordinary case of how a beneficial phasing of La Niña and MJO conditions together with multiscale interactions enhances tropospheric forcing for wavenumber 2–induced zonal mean eddy heat flux in the lower stratosphere.
Moving from Within The Maternal
Authors: Elise Dianne
Published: February 2017

With Kristeva’s concept of maternal eroticism (2014) as starting point, the “multiverse” of mother/child erotic sensibilities—the dance of the semiotic chora—is explored and a parallel engagement proposed within the analytic dyad. The dance of psychoanalysis is not the creative product of the patient’s mind alone. Clinical work invites, requires, a choreographic engagement by the clinician in interplay with the patient. The clinician’s analytic activity is thus akin to choreography: the structuring of a dance, or of a session, expresses an inner impulse brought into narrative form. The embodied art of dance parallels the clinician’s creative vitality in contributing to the shaping of the movement of a session. Through formulation of an analytic eroticism, the terrain of what traditionally has been viewed as erotic transference and countertransference can be expanded to clinical benefit.
The relationship between sensory-processing patterns and occupational engagement among older persons
Authors: Engel-Yeger Batya , Rosenblum Sara
Published: February 2017

Background.

Meaningful occupational engagement is essential for successful aging. Sensory-processing abilities that are known to deteriorate with age may reduce occupational engagement. However, the relationship between sensory-processing abilities and occupational engagement among older persons in daily life is unknown.

Purpose.

This study examined the relationship between sensory-processing patterns and occupational engagement among older persons.

Method.

Participants were 180 people, ages 50 to 73 years, in good health, who lived in their homes. All participants completed the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile and the Activity Card Sort.

Findings.

Better registration of sensory input and greater sensory seeking were related to greater occupational engagement.

Implications.

Sensory-processing abilities among older persons and their relation to occupational engagement in various life settings should receive attention in research and practice. Occupational therapists should encourage older people to seek sensory input and provide them with rich sensory environments for enhancing meaningful engagement in real life.
Our Best Selves
Authors: Norcross John C. , Karpiak Christie P.
Published: February 2017

Psychotherapist expertise proves an urgent topic for practice and training, but insufficient research and conflicting definitions confound efforts to enhance expertise. In an ambitious article, Hill, Spiegel, Hoffman, Kivlighan, and Gelso offer a clear definition of expertise and propose broad indicators. In this reaction, we (a) laud the prominent psychologists for undertaking the Herculean task, (b) highlight points of convergence on relationships and responsiveness between their conclusions and those of others and ourselves, (c) take some collegial exceptions to their proposals and advance alternatives, and (d) underscore the probability that expertise resides far more in the person of the therapist than in specific methods. In particular, distinguishing expertise from experience, and separating expertise about psychotherapy from expertise demonstrated in session, will help to operationalize and cultivate it. The title of this commentary—“Our Best Selves”—embodies the conviction that developing the person of the therapist will most likely actualize expertise.
Therapist Expertise
Authors: Hill Clara E. , Hoffman Mary Ann , Kivlighan Dennis M. , Spiegel Sharon B. , Gelso Charles J.
Published: February 2017

In this rejoinder, we respond to comments raised by Goodyear, Wampold, Tracey, and Lichtenberg; Norcross and Karpiak; Reese; and O’Shaughnessy, Du, and Davis about the definition of expertise and methods for increasing expertise. The most consensus among these authors was found for client outcomes as a criterion of expertise and practice as a mechanism for increasing expertise. Until we have better empirical evidence, however, we suggest keeping the eight criteria that we originally proposed to measure expertise (performance, cognitive processing, client outcomes, experience, personal qualities, self-assessment, reputation, credentials), as well as the four mechanisms for increasing expertise (training, practice, feedback, and personal therapy). We challenge future researchers to hone the list and determine how to weight the various criteria and mechanisms based on empirical evidence.
Effects of Cognitive Load on Driving Performance: The Cognitive Control Hypothesis
Authors: Engström Johan , Markkula Gustav , Victor Trent , Merat Natasha
Published: February 2017

Objective:

The objective of this paper was to outline an explanatory framework for understanding effects of cognitive load on driving performance and to review the existing experimental literature in the light of this framework.

Background:

Although there is general consensus that taking the eyes off the forward roadway significantly impairs most aspects of driving, the effects of primarily cognitively loading tasks on driving performance are not well understood.

Method:

Based on existing models of driver attention, an explanatory framework was outlined. This framework can be summarized in terms of the cognitive control hypothesis: Cognitive load selectively impairs driving subtasks that rely on cognitive control but leaves automatic performance unaffected. An extensive literature review was conducted wherein existing results were reinterpreted based on the proposed framework.

Results:

It was demonstrated that the general pattern of experimental results reported in the literature aligns well with the cognitive control hypothesis and that several apparent discrepancies between studies can be reconciled based on the proposed framework. More specifically, performance on nonpracticed or inherently variable tasks, relying on cognitive control, is consistently impaired by cognitive load, whereas the performance on automatized (well-practiced and consistently mapped) tasks is unaffected and sometimes even improved.

Conclusion:

Effects of cognitive load on driving are strongly selective and task dependent.

Application:

The present results have important implications for the generalization of results obtained from experimental studies to real-world driving. The proposed framework can also serve to guide future research on the potential causal role of cognitive load in real-world crashes.
“Lands that spit and spew”: Aimé Césaire’s vegetal poetry
Authors: Galbo Sebastian Charles
Published: February 2017

Little critical attention has concentrated on the rich botanical imagery of Aimé Césaire’s poetry. Far from serving as the placid, bucolic backdrop of Martinique, Césaire’s vegetal world is a space of tremendous and unpredictable flux and change. By performing several close readings of Césaire’s flora-centric poems in the context of Édouard Glissant’s poetics of Relation, this article articulates a notion of “vegetal writing”, a kind of critical mode of composition and reading that produces distinct imaginings of creolization through the aesthetic lens of botanical imagery. In doing so, this article argues that Césaire’s vegetal poetry posits a challenge to romanticized pastoral renderings of Antillean landscape and, secondly, dominant readings that place Césaire’s work in the literary stronghold of Négritude. Instead, reading Césaire’s poems alongside Glissant’s notion of Relation, vegetal writing creatively obfuscates the lines dividing root/stem, verticality/horizontality, mobile/immobile, self/other — placing the self in an increasingly complex, creolized world of hybridity, transformation, and human possibility.
A study on the structure and properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/graphite micro-sheet composite films
Authors: Weng Ling , Wang Ting , Liu Lizhu
Published: February 2017

In this paper, poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based dielectric composite films with graphite micro-sheet as fillers were prepared by solution casting method. Graphite micro-sheet was first heated to thermal expansion and was then allowed to experience the surface chemical etching (hydroxyl modification) to improve its’ surface hydroxyl contents. This hydroxyl-modified graphite micro-sheet was added to the poly(vinylidene fluoride) matrix to prepare the poly(vinylidene fluoride)/graphite micro-sheet composite films. The microstructures, crystallization, thermodynamic stabilities and dielectric properties of the composite films were tested, and the effects of graphite microchip on the structures and properties of the films were analyzed. Scanning electron microscope results showed that the prepared graphite sheets were well dispersed in poly(vinylidene fluoride) matrix. X-ray powder diffraction spectrum indicated that the introduction of graphite micro-sheets has little effect on the phases’ change of poly(vinylidene fluoride) films. Thermal analysis showed that the addition of graphite micro-sheets slightly decreased the thermal stability of the composite films. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy test results showed that with the increase of the content of graphite micro-sheet, the dielectric constant of the composite films increased continuously. The dielectric constant of composite films increases as high as 6.5 × 105 under 100 Hz test frequency at the case of graphite micro-sheets’ content is 6 wt%. The results also indicated that the highest breakdown field strength of this composite film is 0.63 kV/mm and its specific energy storage is 2.07 J/cm3 which is over 120 times than that of pure poly(vinylidene fluoride) film.
Posttraumatic Growth Following the Loss of a Pet: A Cross-Cultural Comparison
Authors: Bussolari Cori , Habarth Janice , Kimpara Satoko , Katz Rachel , Carlos France , Chow Amy , Osada Hisao , Osada Yukiko , Carmack Betty J. , Field Nigel P. , Packman Wendy
Published: February 2017

The current study examined Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) experienced by bereaved pet owners in the United States, French-Canada, Japan, and Hong Kong following the death of their pet. Using qualitative methodology, we analyzed responses of participants who answered “yes” to a question about experiencing PTG and explored to what extent the cross-cultural responses mapped onto the five factors of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). For the U.S. sample, 58% of responses mapped onto the PTGI. For French-Canada, 72% of responses mapped onto the PTGI. For Japan, 50% of responses mapped onto the PTGI and for Hong Kong, 39% of responses mapped onto the PTGI. We also explored emergent categories related to PTG for individuals who have lost a pet and discerned the unique aspects for PTG across cultures.
Mental hospital life in the 50s
Authors: Bartlet Leslie
Published: February 2017

The recollections of a retired psychiatrist concerning his time as a house doctor in a 1952 Scottish mental hospital. These pertain to early days of the National Health Service. He describes the routines and practices of those times, and he refers to some of his reactions to his experiences.
4D flow magnetic resonance imaging: role in pediatric congenital heart disease
Authors: Lawley Claire M , Broadhouse Kathryn M , Callaghan Fraser M , Winlaw David S , Figtree Gemma A , Grieve Stuart M
Published: February 2017

Imaging-based evaluation of cardiac structure and function remains paramount in the diagnosis and monitoring of congenital heart disease in childhood. Accurate measurements of intra- and extracardiac hemodynamics are required to inform decision making, allowing planned timing of interventions prior to deterioration of cardiac function. Four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging is a nonionizing noninvasive technology that allows accurate and reproducible delineation of blood flow at any anatomical location within the imaging volume of interest, and also permits derivation of physiological parameters such as kinetic energy and wall shear stress. Four-dimensional flow is the focus of a great deal of attention in adult medicine, however, the translation of this imaging technique into the pediatric population has been limited to date. A more broad-scaled application of 4-dimensional flow in pediatric congenital heart disease stands to increase our fundamental understanding of the cause and significance of abnormal blood flow patterns, may improve risk stratification, and inform the design and use of surgical and percutaneous correction techniques. This paper seeks to outline the application of 4-dimensional flow in the assessment and management of the pediatric population affected by congenital heart disease.
Penetrating chest injuries caused by swordfish sword used as a weapon
Authors: Ndiaye Assane , Gaye Magaye , Ba Papa Salmane , Diatta Souleymane , Diop Momar Sokhna , Ndiaye Mouhamadou
Published: February 2017

We report 5 cases of penetrating chest wounds caused by weapons made from swordfish swords, involving breakage of the sword that later appeared as a thoracic foreign body. The patients had been assaulted 2 days to 17 years earlier. Three of them had a chronic infected wound, one had a penetrating thoracic wound with hemopneumothorax, and one had a foreign body. Computed tomography showed a foreign body in the lung in 4 cases, with aortic penetration in one. The foreign body was removed via thoracotomy in all 4 patients, with aorta repair in one who presented later with a pseudoaneurysm.
The Ottawa panel clinical practice guidelines for the management of knee osteoarthritis. Part one: introduction, and mind-body exercise programs
Authors: Brosseau Lucie , Taki Jade , Desjardins Brigit , Thevenot Odette , Fransen Marlene , Wells George A , Imoto Aline Mizusaki , Toupin-April Karine , Westby Marie , Gallardo Inmaculada C Álvarez , Gifford Wendy , Laferrière Lucie , Rahman Prinon , Loew Laurianne , Angelis Gino De , Cavallo Sabrina , Shallwani Shirin Mehdi , Aburub Ala’ , Bennell Kim L , Van der Esch Martin , Simic Milena , McConnell Sara , Harmer Alison , Kenny Glen P , Paterson Gail , Regnaux Jean-Philippe , Lefevre-Colau Marie-Martine , McLean Linda
Published: February 2017

Objective:

To identify effective mind-body exercise programs and provide clinicians and patients with updated, high-quality recommendations concerning non-traditional land-based exercises for knee osteoarthritis.

Methods:

A systematic search and adapted selection criteria included comparative controlled trials with mind-body exercise programs for patients with knee osteoarthritis. A panel of experts reached consensus on the recommendations using a Delphi survey. A hierarchical alphabetical grading system (A, B, C+, C, D, D+, D-) was used, based on statistical significance ( P < 0.5) and clinical importance (⩾15% improvement).

Results:

The four high-quality studies identified demonstrated that various mind-body exercise programs are promising for improving the management of knee osteoarthritis. Hatha Yoga demonstrated significant improvement for pain relief (Grade B) and physical function (Grade C+). Tai Chi Qigong demonstrated significant improvement for quality of life (Grade B), pain relief (Grade C+) and physical function (Grade C+). Sun style Tai Chi gave significant improvement for pain relief (Grade B) and physical function (Grade B).

Conclusion:

Mind-body exercises are promising approaches to reduce pain, as well as to improve physical function and quality of life for individuals with knee osteoarthritis.
Cerebral blood flow, frontal lobe oxygenation and intra-arterial blood pressure during sprint exercise in normoxia and severe acute hypoxia in humans
Authors: Curtelin David , Morales-Alamo David , Torres-Peralta Rafael , Rasmussen Peter , Martin-Rincon Marcos , Perez-Valera Mario , Siebenmann Christoph , Pérez-Suárez Ismael , Cherouveim Evgenia , Sheel A William , Lundby Carsten , Calbet José AL
Published: February 2017

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is regulated to secure brain O2 delivery while simultaneously avoiding hyperperfusion; however, both requisites may conflict during sprint exercise. To determine whether brain O2 delivery or CBF is prioritized, young men performed sprint exercise in normoxia and hypoxia (PIO2 = 73 mmHg). During the sprints, cardiac output increased to ∼22 L min−1, mean arterial pressure to ∼131 mmHg and peak systolic blood pressure ranged between 200 and 304 mmHg. Middle-cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) increased to peak values (∼16%) after 7.5 s and decreased to pre-exercise values towards the end of the sprint. When the sprints in normoxia were preceded by a reduced PETCO2, CBF and frontal lobe oxygenation decreased in parallel ( r = 0.93, P < 0.01). In hypoxia, MCAv was increased by 25%, due to a 26% greater vascular conductance, despite 4–6 mmHg lower PaCO2 in hypoxia than normoxia. This vasodilation fully accounted for the 22 % lower CaO2 in hypoxia, leading to a similar brain O2 delivery during the sprints regardless of PIO2. In conclusion, when a conflict exists between preserving brain O2 delivery or restraining CBF to avoid potential damage by an elevated perfusion pressure, the priority is given to brain O2 delivery.
Examination of Construct Bias in the Narcissistic Personality Questionnaire for Children–Revised Across Culture and Gender
Authors: Loke Stephen W. , Lowe Patricia A. , Ang Rebecca P.
Published: February 2017

Construct bias was examined among 316 Singapore and U.S. adolescents on the Narcissistic Personality Questionnaire for Children–Revised (NPQC-R). The NPQC-R consists of two (Superiority and Exploitativeness) factors. Results from multigroup confirmatory factor analyses indicated partial strong invariance on the NPQC-R across culture and strong invariance across gender. These results do not provide support for the presence of construct bias in the NPQC-R across culture and gender in our sample of Singapore and U.S. adolescents, ages 12 to 14. Furthermore, examination of latent means indicated that U.S. students reported higher levels of Superiority compared with Singapore students, but no significant difference was found in the levels of Exploitativeness between Singapore and U.S. students. In addition, males and females had similar levels of Superiority and Exploitativeness. Implications of the findings of the study are discussed.
Balancing Industry and Drug Policy Objectives in the Pharmaceutical Sector
Authors: Chen Piao-piao , Yuan Can-can , Hu Yu-qi , Pei Pei , Jia Shuai-qi , Wang En-Nan , Xi Xiao-yu
Published: February 2017

Objectives

This article assessed the balance between industry and drug policy objectives in the pharmaceutical sector in China.

Methods

The articles were mainly identified through databases such as Elsevier, Google Scholar, and SpringerLink, among others. Related articles were mainly separated into three categories: studies on drug policies, studies related to China’s new health-care reform policy, and studies concerning patent policies.

Results

A relatively healthy environment for continuous innovation and drug patent protection in the pharmaceutical industry has been created in China, and the public’s drug benefits have also significantly improved. However, the balance between industrial and drug policy objectives in the pharmaceutical sector in China requires additional attention.

Discussion and conclusions

The results suggest that the government should pay more attention to incentivizing enterprises’ innovation, but the current Essential Medicines System in China has limited innovation. Hence, the mechanism for selecting essential medicines should be reformed, and certain appropriate and reasonably innovative medicines should be included. Additionally, medicine coverage, especially the coverage of essential drugs for primary care should be expanded to improve public health benefits. Furthermore, the pharmaceutical industry should be incorporated into the prospective National Drug Policy to achieve a balance between public benefits and pharmaceutical industry development in the future.
Who Decides and Who Provides? The Anarchistic Housing Practices of John Turner as Realizations of Henri Lefebvre’s Autogestive Space
Authors: Bower Richard
Published: February 2017

This article reframes the work of participatory development architect John Turner in the 1960s Peru as a practical realization of the political potential of autogestive space advocated in Henri Lefebvre’s post-Marxist discourse. An analysis of the anarchistic politics that underpin Turner’s participatory development reveals a critical intersection of autogestion and informal space and subsequently a questioning of the sociospatial resonances of anarchist practices and Marxist theories. This analysis is exemplified by the critical reframing of Lefebvre’s much cited proposition of “The (Social) Production of (Social) Space” against Turner’s anarchist questioning of “Who Decides and Who Provides?”
Demystification of the Gouy-Stodola theorem of thermodynamics for closed systems
Authors: Pal Rajinder
Published: February 2017

In the analysis and design of a process from a thermodynamics perspective, the Gouy-Stodola theorem of thermodynamics is very important. It provides a means to improve the efficiency of a process by quantification and minimization of the irreversibilities in the process. According to this theorem, the work lost or the exergy destroyed in a process is directly proportional to the amount of entropy generated in the process. Surprisingly, this theorem has received little attention in the engineering thermodynamics courses taught at the undergraduate level. The textbooks on thermodynamics rarely mention this theorem. The exact mathematical form of this theorem is not clear and the conditions under which this theorem is applicable are also not clearly stated in the existing literature. In this article, a complete analysis of the Gouy-Stodola theorem is presented for closed systems and its limitations are pointed out.
Municipalizing geo-economic statecraft: Crisis and transition in Europe
Authors: Kutz William
Published: February 2017

This article investigates how geographical capital switching, precipitated by the 2007–08 economic crisis, has altered the strategic territorial organization of European city-regions. The dislocation of capital accumulation to (emerging) foreign markets has undermined the purported capacity for city-regions to regulate the contradictions of uneven development in the European Union. The argument is that, in southern Spain, city-regions have increasingly responded to the crisis by shifting spatial development away from conventional neoliberal locational initiatives towards an assertion of geo-economic statecraft at the municipal level. Drawing primarily upon the case study of Málaga, Spain the article contributes to theories of new state space in three ways. First, geo-economic statecraft is both embedded within, and is a response to, the historically inherited geographies of neoliberal urbanization. Second, intensified growth imperatives amid recessionary decline belie the importance of gatekeeping activities that municipalize political control over cross-border investment flows that parallel more traditional, selective targeting of state territory. Third, the strategic externalization of economic space has helped to reshape the variegated cartographies of local state territory and sovereignty between the EU and non-member states. Together, these dynamics situate the spatial regulation of urban crises as central to explaining the patterns and processes of European territoriality in the 21st-century.
Working at the margins? Muslim middle class professionals in India and the limits of ‘labour agency’
Authors: Williams Philippa , James Al , McConnell Fiona , Vira Bhaskar
Published: February 2017

This paper explores the work-lives of middle class Muslim professionals in India's new service economy. While these workers have successfully negotiated labour market entry into the ‘core’ growth sectors of India's globalising economy, they are simultaneously subject to different forms of social, cultural and political marginalisation. Strikingly, they also remain at the margins of both economic geography and development geography scholarship. The paper extends a growing development geography/economic geography ‘intellectual trading zone’ and enhances understandings of the complex relationships between labour agency, marginality and social inclusion. The paper draws on new survey data to document patterns of labour agency amongst Muslim professionals in New Delhi. This is augmented by interviews with Muslim professionals to show how different forms of marginality are experienced in their everyday work-lives and the strategies and agencies articulated towards (re)working those marginalities. The paper concludes by reflecting on the broader implications of these findings in relation to socially inclusive growth, the middle-class transformation of India's Muslims and wider understandings of marginality and worker agency.
Frederick J. Swanson’s 1976–1979 papers on the effects of instream wood on fluvial processes and instream wood management
Authors: Ruiz-Villanueva Virginia , Stoffel Markus
Published: February 2017

The recognition of instream wood as a key element of river ecosystems and a driver of fluvial processes is now well established, but it did not start until the second half of the twentieth century. A landmark reference work which led to the development of concepts and methods which are still employed in instream wood studies today was the work by Frederick J. Swanson and his papers published between 1976 and 1979. In this article we revisit these papers, highlighting the pioneering observations about the effects of instream wood on fluvial morphology, the description of the instream wood sources and recruitment processes and the discussion about management of wood in rivers. The instream wood research has grown dramatically since the late 1970s, however many knowledge gaps remain; this short historical review illustrates the importance of continuing and developing those research lines into the future.
Multifunctional magnetic co-delivery system coated with polymer mPEG-PLL-FA for nasopharyngeal cancer targeted therapy and MR imaging
Authors: Li Hailiang , Fu Chaoping , Miao Xiangwan , Li Quanming , Zhang Juan , Yang Huikang , Liu Tao , Chen Xi , Xie Minqiang
Published: February 2017

The gene and drug co-delivery system has become one of the primary strategies to overcome cancers. Here, we designed a multifunctional magnetic co-delivery system for nasopharyngeal carcinoma-targeted therapy and MR imaging. Aldehyde sodium alginate (ASA) was used to decorate the oxide iron and load cisplain through coordinate bond to form a core complex. The polymer shell poly(l-lysine)-methoxy-polyethylene glycol-folate was used to coat the core complex through electric interaction to give this nano-medicine a target ability. And this polymer could also give the nano-medicine abilities to adhere and protect DNA, and enhance its solubleness in water. After being transfected with this nano-medicine, the plasmids which contain cancer suppressor gene TFPI2 could enter and express in HNE-1 cells. It caused a higher death and apoptosis rate, inhibited nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells’ migration and cloning by the synergic effect together with cisplain. Besides, clear images of this nano-medicine could be got under T2 MR imaging. This magnetic co-delivery system demonstrates a potential as a powerful multifunctional vector for drug delivery and gene vector applications in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Diagnosis of some genital-tract infections: part 1. An historical perspective
Authors: Taylor-Robinson David , Pallecaros Anna , Horner Patrick
Published: February 2017

Making a prompt and accurate diagnosis of genital tract infections is the key to instituting appropriate treatment and the linchpin of sexually transmitted infection control. We present a brief history, not covering syphilis, of diagnostic events for each of six bacteria and one protozoan from the time of discovery up to the molecular revolution. The latter is touched upon but its impact will form the substance of a further presentation. Here, hindsight is helpful in understanding the way in which progress was made over 135 years, often when microbiology, not even seen as a distinct discipline, had a difficult time in providing what was required in terms of dependable diagnostic techniques. Gram-staining, growth on artificial media, growth in cultured cells, enzyme immunoassays, metabolic and immunofluorescence tests have all had their place and some still do despite the avalanche of the molecular era. Serology to determine the existence of organism-specific antibodies has been important in managing syphilis, but has only sometimes been helpful in supporting a diagnosis for other infections and has rarely been the primary deciding factor.
‘She, of Course, Holds No Political Opinions’
Authors: Honkala Nora
Published: February 2017

Women continue to face challenges in having their asylum claims recognized under the Refugee Convention. This is to a significant extent due to the ways in which the Convention is applied to women’s claims and is particularly the case in gender-based persecution claims. While there have been important advances in the field of gender and refugee law, contributing to an improved understanding of the relevance of gender within international refugee law, there remains a need for more gender-sensitive interpretations of the Convention. This article critiques the ways in which the political opinion ground of the Refugee Convention has been applied to some women’s forced marriage claims in the United Kingdom. Women’s gender-based persecution claims are often categorized under the membership of a particular social group ground and the political opinion ground remains an underused and narrowly interpreted category. Drawing on feminist critiques, it is argued that this demonstrates an underlying gendered politics, and that the political opinion ground can indeed be relevant to women’s asylum claims involving forced marriage. Women’s resistance to their gendered oppression in the form of forced marriage should be seen as a valid expression of their political opinion and agency.
Missed Opportunities to Prevent Workplace Injuries and Fatalities
Authors: Woolford Marta Helen , Bugeja Lyndal , Driscoll Tim , Ibrahim Joseph Elias
Published: February 2017

Prevention efforts, especially in high-income countries, have reduced work-related death and injury. Despite this, the global incidence of workplace fatalities remains unacceptably high with approximately 317 million incidents occurring on the job annually. Of particular concern is the occurrence and re-occurrence of incidents with a similar cause and circumstance, such as fatalities occurring in agriculture and transport industries. Efforts to reduce workplace fatalities include surveillance and reporting, investigation, and regulation. Challenges remain in all three domains, limiting the prevention of work-related injuries and deaths. In this commentary, the nature of these challenges and recommendations on how to overcome them are described. Examples of incidents of workplace injury and death, as well as injury prevention efforts are provided to ensure contextual understanding. Reflecting on the present enhances key stakeholders, policy and decision-makers’ understanding of the opportunities to reducing harm and the associated human, and economic and legal costs.
Experiments on coupled axial–flexural wave propagation in a sagged rod with structural discontinuity using piezoelectric transducers
Authors: Jothi Saravanan T , Gopalakrishnan N , Prasad Rao N
Published: February 2017

A damage evaluation methodology in a sagged prismatic rod through application of wave propagation mechanics is presented, and an experimental investigation an experimental investigation is illustrated for damage detection using lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric transducers. Discontinuity in the form of variation of the cross-sectional area (impedance mismatch) is induced in the longitudinal direction of the experimental specimen by butt welding two steel rods, as described in the previous work. The proposed methodology outlined for a sagged prismatic rod can be adopted for damage detection in a transmission line conductor made of wire rope. The corresponding wave reflections from the damage and boundaries are highlighted. Experiments are conducted on a predominantly single frequency based amplitude modulated narrow-banded, burst wave propagation. The novelty of the work is the experimental demonstration of narrow-banded single frequency wave generation with PZT patches with facility for a variable frequency excitation and controlled by a function generator. This is different from the conventional resonating piezo-crystal at ultrasonic frequency range, where the excitation is strong but the frequency is not variable. Also, the methodology is proposed for bifurcating the initial portion of the nondispersive wave propagation from a mixed-up response. For locating the bifurcation zone for axial–flexural wave interaction, a moving correlation coefficient method is employed. Thus, the use of PZT transducers for online monitoring of damage identification in sagged rod is promising for the future work.
Acculturation to Both American and Chinese Cultures Predicts Condom Use Intent Among U.S.-Dwelling Chinese/Taiwanese Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Chan Lik Sam , Sun Yao , Xu Yusi , McLaughlin Margaret L.
Published: February 2017

The Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction is used to assess how, through shaping people’s attitudes, perceived norms, and self-efficacy, acculturation affects the intent to use a condom with casual sex partners among U.S.-dwelling Chinese/Taiwanese men who have sex with men. Results suggest that only acculturation to both American and Chinese cultures leads to a more favorable attitude toward using a condom, which eventually determines the intent to do so. The study contributes to the literature on acculturation and safe sex practice and provides theoretical and practical implications for public health researchers and practitioners.
Defining local nerve blocks for feline distal pelvic limb surgery: a cadaveric study
Authors: Enomoto Masataka , Lascelles B Duncan X , Gerard Mathew P
Published: February 2017

Objectives

Anatomical and methodological detail is lacking regarding local anesthetic peripheral nerve block techniques for distal pelvic limb surgery in cats. The aim of this study was to develop, describe and test nerve block methods based on cadaveric dissections and dye injections.

Methods

Ten pairs of feline pelvic limbs (n = 20) were dissected and the tibial nerve (T n.), common fibular (peroneal) nerve (CF n., and its two branches, the superficial fibular [peroneal] nerve [SpF n.] and the deep fibular [peroneal] nerve [DpF n.]) and the saphenous nerve (Sa n.) were identified. Based on these dissections, a ‘distal crus block’ (selective blockade of the CF n., T n. and Sa n.) and a ‘distal pes block’ (selective blockade of the SpF n., DpF n., T n. and Sa n.) were developed for surgical procedures in two different regions of the distal pelvic limb. Techniques were tested using new methylene blue (NMB) dye injections in feline pelvic limbs (n = 12). Using a 25 G × 5/8 inch needle and 1 ml syringe, 0.1 ml/kg of NMB dye solution was injected at the site of the CF n., and 0.05 ml/kg was injected at the sites of the SpF n., DpF n., Sa n. and T n. The length and circumference (fully or partially stained) of each stained nerve were measured.

Results

Positive staining of nerves was observed in 12/12 limbs. The lengths stained for the CF n., DpF n., SpF n., Sa n. and T n. were 27.19 ± 7.13, 20.39 ± 5.57, 22.82 ± 7.13, 30.89 ± 6.99 and 25.16 ± 8.09 mm, respectively. The nerves were fully stained in 12, 12, 10, 11 and 11 out of 12 limbs, respectively.

Conclusions and relevance

These two, three-point injection methods may be an effective perioperative analgesia technique for feline distal pelvic limb procedures.
Circles of intellectual discovery in Cambridge and management learning: A discourse analysis of Joan Robinson’s The Economics of Imperfect Competition
Authors: Jevnaker Birgit Helene , Raa Atle Andreassen
Published: February 2017

In this article, we explore a circle of younger-generation economists at Cambridge who contributed to new theories in the 1930s. The aim was to understand how and why innovative thinking in academic theorizing, seen as situated, discursive practices, can emerge and gain ground. We also address how new theory building by an unlikely candidate, Joan Robinson, could unfold. We examine how there was a change in discourse related to imperfect markets and identify forming practices. Our perspective on how knowledge was reframed is Foucauldian. The study is grounded in archive studies, recent reviews and biographical material. This article contributes to learning, knowledge creation and communities of practice by exploring idea innovations as discursive practice. We propose ‘epistemic interaction’ as a sensitizing concept for understanding new theory building and theorizing in collaborative partnerships and small circles that became key to intellectual discovery.
Involvement of peripheral III nerve in multiple sclerosis patient: Report of a new case and discussion of the underlying mechanism
Authors: Shor Natalia , Amador Maria del Mar , Dormont Didier , Lubetzki Catherine , Bertrand Anne
Published: February 2017

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disorder that affects the central nervous system myelin. However, a few radiological cases have documented an involvement of peripheral cranial nerves, within the subarachnoid space, in MS patients. We report the case of a 36-year-old female with a history of relapsing-remitting (RR) MS who consulted for a subacute complete paralysis of the right III nerve. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination showed enhancement and thickening of the cisternal right III nerve, in continuity with a linear, mesencephalic, acute demyelinating lesion. Radiological involvement of the cisternal part of III nerve has been reported only once in MS patients. Radiological involvement of the cisternal part of V nerve occurs more frequently, in almost 3% of MS patients. In both situations, the presence of a central demyelinating lesion, in continuity with the enhancement of the peripheral nerve, suggests that peripheral nerve damage is a secondary process, rather than a primary target of demyelination.
International demand for the Douro (Portugal) river cruises
Authors: Gouveia Sofia , Rebelo João , Lourenço-Gomes Lina , Guedes Alexandre
Published: February 2017

Cruises on the Portuguese Douro river have been growing at a much faster pace than overall outbound tourism to Portugal, suggesting that the river is part of a worldwide trend that has been organized by global cruise operators. A gravity model is used to analyse the main factors affecting the international demand for Douro river cruising over the period from 2007 to 2014. The numbers of international passengers are positively determined by income per capita of origin country and by the population size of the leading countries of outbound tourism to Portugal.
Of “old” and “new” ways: Generations, border control and the temporality of security
Authors: Côté-Boucher Karine
Published: February 2017

Whether it insists on the significance of anticipation or interrogates the centrality of pre-crime to security practice, current scholarship misses how security professionals make sense of their work’s temporality. Borrowing its theoretical tools from the sociology of generations and evaluation, this article focuses on how Canadian border officers rely on generational categorizations to negotiate change in their work. It proposes exploring the coexistence of competing temporalities in border control through the notion of generational borderwork. Produced by different paths of professional socialization and embedded in tensions over social status in ports of entry, generational borderwork makes more explicit the security field’s logic of aging, the internal dissensions over policing methods and the decisions these differences sustain. Whether it concerns nostalgia for economic protectionism or disagreements over the respective value of intelligence, technologies and interview skills, the contested nature of time in border control invites investigation into officers’ transforming policing sensibilities.