bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Aftermaths of EFL Online Classroom During A Year of Covid-19 Pandemic: Perception and Score
Authors: Rosayanti Novinda , Hardiana Tusi
Published: August 2022

It has been a year that Indonesia experienced covid-19 pandemic. This situation stands as primary reason of English Foreign Language (EFL) online classroom still being implemented for all levels of education. This case possibly leads to positive and negative impacts for both teachers and students. Hence, this study aims to investigate EFL online classroom implementation throughout a year of Covid-19 pandemic in terms of; the EFL teachers’ and students’ perceptions, and how do the students’ score. Quantitative was applied as the approach in this study. In addition, the six EFL teachers and sixty students of senior high schools in Riau were chosen purposively to be involved as the research subjects. The data were collected in two techniques and instruments; survey with close-ended questionnaire and document analysis on the students’ score. The findings revealed that the teachers and students had higher percentage of positive perception on EFL online classroom implementation. Lastly, the score confirmed that all the students passed the criteria minimum of English subject determined by the school in EFL online classroom implementation throughout covid-19 pandemic.
The International English Language Testing System (IELTS): A Critical Review
Authors: Peltekov Peter
Published: August 2022

Considering the increasing popularity of the International English Language Testing System (IELTS), the present article provides a succinct description and critique of the test. As with any high-stakes assessment, educational institutions need to carefully examine all aspects of a given assessment tool before applying it in practice. Green’s (2014) framework for the evaluation of second language assessment tools was applied to the analysis of the IELTS test. The present review demonstrated that there are many ways in which the IELTS test can be improved (e.g., increasing the authenticity of the listening modules and reducing the role of construct irrelevant skills). While it is far from flawless and not the only option, IELTS continues to be one of the most popular international tests of English language proficiency. Clearly, the test is an important gate-keeping measure and an incentive for millions of non-native speakers to improve their English language skills. As we know, the beneficial consequences of a given assessment system are on the top of the hierarchy of effective assessment characteristics (Green, 2014), and IELTS seems to achieve its purpose. However, it is hoped that the present critical review is a valuable contribution to the ongoing validation and improvement of the test. At the very least, it is hoped that it would help assessment stakeholders to better understand the structure of the test and to reflect on its usefulness in a more informed and objective way.
Translation Issues and Strategies Applied in the Comic Adulthood is a Myth
Authors: Agung I Gusti Ayu Mahatma
Published: August 2022

This research aims to find out the translation issues in the comic book Adulthood is a Myth. The study focuses on the analysis of translation issues that might affect the translation process. In addition, it also aims to find out the strategies applied to translate the verbal message in the comic book. This study is conducted with a descriptive qualitative approach. The translation issues in the comic book were classified based on the theory proposed by Nurlaila et al. (2018). The translation strategies were analyzed by using the theory proposed by Celotti (2014). The result shows that there are eight translation issues found in this study. They are onomatopoeia, interjection, measurement unit terms, swearing expressions, speaking fluency disorder, slang words, abbreviation, and dialect. The translation strategies applied were cultural adaptation, deletion, and leaving the source language untranslated. Overall, the translator did an excellent job by choosing the proper translation strategies and using a suitable language style for the target readers. This research may serve as a reference for future studies in comic translation. Furthermore, it could also help translators in overcoming challenges in translating comic books.
Documentaries as Multimodal Texts to Promote Reading in the Virtual Language Classroom: An Experimental Study
Authors: Wijewantha N.W.S.C
Published: August 2022

As education today is immensely reliant on distant and virtual learning methods, addressing the individual learning styles of the students is a challenging task particularly in second language teaching. Therefore, this study examines the use of documentaries as multimodal texts in the virtual language classroom to promote reading. 50 first year undergraduates enrolled in the BSc. degree program at a Sri Lankan national university were selected for the study and they were randomly divided into two groups; experimental and control. The virtual application used in the study was Google Classroom and a subtitled documentary was shared among the students of experimental group whereas the controlled group was given access to the transcript of the same documentary. After allocating adequate reading time for both groups, a test paper was simultaneously assigned using the same platform. While the students’ scores were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of the two reading approaches, a questionnaire was virtually distributed among the participants of the experimental group to gather their perspective on the use of documentary. The findings revealed that, using documentaries as digital multimodal texts is a successful language acquisition method which enhances the students’ comprehension and enthusiasm in learning the language. Further, using documentary was identified as a novel experience in the virtual classroom. Hence, the study recommends the incorporation of digital texts in virtual language teaching as a multimodal approach. 
The Effect of Contextual Factor on Learning Styles Preferences of English Majors in Lao Public Universities
Authors: Sengsouliya Souksakhone , Soukhavong Sithane , Phonekeo Say , Vannasy Vanmany , Souvanxay Vanthala , Rattanavongsa Chanmany
Published: August 2022

This research is a quantitative correlational design, which investigates the English learning styles preferences of English major in Laotian public universities in Lao PDR and tests the effect of contextual factors on the participants’ learning styles preferences. The sample of this research involved 542 university-level students who major in English at a bachelor-degree program in four public universities in Lao PDR. The instrument of the study was Reid’s (1987) Perceptual Learning Style Preference Questionnaire (PLSPQ), which includes six different learning styles (Audio, Visual, Kinesthetic, Tactile, Individual, and Group learning styles). Participants were invited to rate their learning style preference towards the scale. The analysis was conducted based on Reid’s (1995) guide of categorizing preference levels, such as Major, Minor Learning Style Preference, and Negligible. The results indicated that the participants had three major preferences towards Kinesthetic learning (M=41.20), Audio learning (M=39.18), and Tactile learning styles (M=38.14), respectively. The study also found that there are significant differences in English learning styles preferences among students from different institutional contexts. Further research on testing the effect of contextual factors on learners’ learning choice is strongly recommended.
Communicative Language Teaching and Its Implementation in Online Learning: The Teachers’ Voice
Authors: Gloriez Pamela
Published: August 2022

Communicative Language Teaching has been popular as a pedagogical approach in teaching L2 that may help students gain communicative competence. This research aimed to investigate teachers' perceptions of CLT and its implementation in online learning. This research adopted a survey research design, and 30 teachers were involved as the participants. The participants were from junior high school and senior high school teachers in Tanjungpinang-Bintan and Batam. Two questionnaires were used as the instruments. The findings of this study revealed that teachers had a good understanding of the principle of CLT. But most of the teachers showed a misconception about not teaching grammar in CLT. In addition, the teachers also practiced CLT in online learning, and they believed CLT was appropriate and effective. They were also supported with sufficient platform media and the internet even though the instructional materials were insufficient. It shows that the teachers had positive perceptions towards the practice and implementation of CLT in online learning. The result can be used as a reflection for the government to provide adequate instructional media and teachers' training in CLT that may be beneficial for teaching in online learning.
Cultural Content in Moroccan EFL Textbooks and Cultural Intelligence (CQ) Development
Authors: Elghazali Oumaima
Published: August 2022

This study aims at investigating the intercultural adequacy of the cultural content of a Moroccan EFL textbook in developing students’ Cultural Intelligence (CQ). The activities of the textbook were analyzed using the model of Cultural Intelligence (CQ) to identify the adequacy of the intercultural activities in helping students develop their CQ, to detect, assimilate, reason, and act on cultural cues appropriately in situations characterized by cultural diversity. The scale of the same model, the CQ scale, was used to elicit the perspectives of 112 high school teachers regarding the intercultural adequacy of the cultural content in the textbook to compare the results of the two instruments. The results of the analysis of the textbook’s content revealed that the Cognitive CQ is the most present factor of CQ in the textbook activities, but the activities present are not sufficient to develop the students' Cognitive CQ nor the other three CQ factors as illustrated by the CQ model. The elicited perspectives of teachers support the findings of the textbook’s content analysis and suggestions for improvement are enlisted.
Geography of the Malay Dialect in Kapuas Hulu Regency West Kalimantan
Authors: Patriantoro Patriantoro
Published: August 2022

The purposes of this study entitled "Geography of the Malay Language Dialect in Kapuas Hulu Regency, West Kalimantan" are: to describe the lexical variation; to map the lexical variation of Malay dialects; to calculate the differences in the variation of the Malay language; to make a lexical isogloss file in Malay. Three data analysis methods: synchronous comparative method, dialectometric formula to calculate the number of lexical differences in the percentage between observation points, and isogloss file to separate the language variation between observation points in percentage. The research indicated five main findings. First, it produced a description of the variation of the Malay language at 9 observation points. Second, the calculation of lexical differences between observation points in the study area, the lowest difference is at observation points 3 – 4 = 9.5, the highest contrast is at observation points 6 – 7 = 43. Third, the dialectometry calculation results found that language variations in the research area consisted of sub-dialects and speech differences. Fourth, the linguistic distance between observation points is the lowest percentage of 9.5% in area 3 – 4. The linguistic distance between observation points in the highest percentage of 43% was found at observation points 6 – 7. Mapping the lexical variation of Malay found indicated 6 subdialect variations. Fifth, the isogloss line that separates the most language variations through the isogloss file separated the observation points 6 and 7 as many as 43 files. The isogloss file is at least 9.5 files separating observation points 3 and 4.
Genre Analysis of Daily COVID-19 Infographic Reports in the Arabian Gulf: The Case of the Kingdom of Bahrain
Authors: Albufalasa Mervat I. , Gomaa Yasser A.
Published: August 2022

Infographics are visual data that are used in public service announcements to convey particular messages to a particular group of people. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ministry of Health (MOH) in the Kingdom of Bahrain relied heavily on the use of infographics to communicate different types of information to all its people. The study at hand aimed to analyze the Medical Announcement Infographics (MAIs) published by the Bahraini MOH during the pandemic. Two research questions were posited. The first one investigated the schematic moves in MAIs, and the second one researched the extent to which the Bahraini Medical Announcement infographics on COVID-19 Pandemic met the contextual variables of register. The study utilized Swales’ genre-analysis model and examined the contextual variables of the MIA register and the lexicogrammatical features highlighted in Systemic Functional Linguistics in relation to the Bahraini MOH’s MAIs. The study concluded that the register variables showed variation in the lexical, structural, and illocutionary force choice-making. In addition, MAIs included both obligatory and optional moves that impacted the behavioral attitudes of the people either positively or negatively.
Dark Sector searches with jets
Authors: von Ahnen Janik
Published: August 2022

The presence of a non-baryonic Dark Matter (DM) component in the Universe is
inferred from the observation of its gravitational interaction. The ATLAS and
CMS experiments located at the LHC have developed a broad search program for DM
candidates, including resonance searches for the mediator and searches with
large missing transverse momentum. Additionally, searches have been conducted in
models where the Higgs Sector and the Dark Sector are connected leading for
example to invisible Higgs boson decays. The results of recent searches on 13
TeV pp data, their interplay and interpretation are presented.
Intermittency in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 0.9, 7 and 8 TeV from the CMS collaboration
Authors: Ong Zongjin , Agarwal Pulkit , Ang H. W. , Chan A. H. , Oh C. H.
Published: August 2022

The intermittency-type fluctuations as outlined by Bialas and
Peschanski in the 1980s is analysed in pppp
collisions at \sqrt{s}=s=
0.9, 7 and 8 TeV from the CMS collaboration at CERN. Our preliminary
analysis shows that the intermittency exponents in the bin-averaged
scaled factorial moments decrease in magnitude with increasing collision
energy at the TeV scale, which suggests that the cascading nature of
multiparticle production described by the \alphaα-model
is weakening. We outline possible areas planned for future studies.
Republicanismo, Democracia e Constituição Mista: Tensões e diálogos no constitucionalismo moderno
Authors: De Carvalho Valter Rodrigues
Published: August 2022

Este artigo concluiu que a Constituição mista estabeleceu-se mais como resposta aos contextos históricos e sociais do que por escolhas exclusivas e unilaterais de constituintes. Entre os antigos, a Constituição foi teorizada por Aristóteles como resposta à diversidade social da pólis. Sua preocupação é com o homem comum, distante de ostentar a virtude e a frugalidade imaginada pelo racionalismo socrático. Entre os romanos, sua instituição deveu-se à expansão do Império e visava a aplacar o dilema da plebeização do corpo político. Entre os federalistas, solucionou o dilema da inclusividade e moderação do poder no quadro de crescente igualdade social. Como solução para moderar o poder, a teoria da Constituição mista federalista evidenciou-se na separação não mecânica dos poderes, em que os ramos do governo se tornaram arenas de disputas das forças sociais, de forma a se controlarem mutuamente.
Da Reforma Trabalhista, da Pandemia pela Covid-19 e da autonomia do direito do trabalho
Authors: Teixeira Eliana Maria de Souza Franco , Bouth Camila Lourinho
Published: August 2022

A pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar se a Reforma Trabalhista e as Medidas Provisórias trabalhistas da Covid-19 abalaram a autonomia do Direito do Trabalho por meio da afetação dos princípios do Direito do Trabalho. Para tanto, busca responder: De que maneira as alterações promovidas pela Lei da Reforma Trabalhista e as Medidas Provisórias trabalhistas da pandemia abalaram a prevalência dos/as princípios/razões do Direito do Trabalho e sua própria teleologia? O método da pesquisa foi misto, porque utilizou-se do método hipotético-dedutivo, além de trazer resultados qualitativos. Foi aplicado questionário aos participantes da pesquisa, devidamente autorizado pelo Comitê de Ética da plataforma Brasil, com número CAAE 22472919.1.0000.0018, no período de 20 a 24 de janeiro de 2020. O caminho percorrido considerou: a reflexão sobre os princípios do Direito do Trabalho, as Medidas Provisórias nº 927 e 936/2020 e os resultados. O resultado da pesquisa demonstra que o Direito do Trabalho continua a ser um ramo autônomo que sofreu abalos em seus princípios, inclusive com a inclusão do princípio da intervenção mínima na autonomia coletiva e pela adoção de interpretação, bem como observou-se que a aplicação do Direito do Trabalho considerará a conformidade com o Direito Constitucional e com os Convenções Internacionais de Direito do Trabalho.
Modernização do Direito: a criação de Startups Jurídicas
Authors: Arruda Gomes Letícia Beatriz , Ferreira Kilvia Souza , Andrade Fabiano Souza
Published: August 2022

Com a realidade brasileira da superlotação de processos e da morosidade do Poder Judiciário, nota-se uma insatisfação dos cidadãos no atendimento aos seus anseios. É nesse contexto que a tecnologia surge como uma ferramenta para solucionar esses problemas e, por sua vez, as startups Jurídicas propõem soluções inovadoras que possam acelerar a resolução dos conflitos. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a modernização do Direito à luz do impacto que as startups Jurídicas promoveram no âmbito da aplicação dessa ciência. Quanto à metodologia, a pesquisa é classificada como qualitativa, por meio da análise de conteúdo. Entre os resultados nota-se a ascensão das startups no mercado, todavia ainda existem desafios a serem superados, como a validação dessas empresas, a criação de um ambiente virtual mais seguro, o elevado custo da tecnologia e a preocupação em manter o aspecto humano do Direito, assegurando, de fato, a justiça. Não obstante, conclui-se que as startups Jurídicas representam um meio de simplificar o exercício jurídico e de promover não só o acesso ao Judiciário, mas a resolução dos conflitos.
Statistical and spectral analysis of wind over a strategic location
Authors: Srivastava Nishi , Divyam Jaya , Ghosh Upamanyu , Priya Madhu , Saxena Nisheeth , Kumar Manoj
Published: August 2022

In the present work, we explored the inherent characteristics of the wind over a complex terrain site ‘Ranchi’ situated near a strategic location of the monsoon trough with various mathematical and statistical tools, i.e., time-series analysis, Fast Fourier transform (FFT), FFT coefficients, wavelet decomposition, and Weibull distribution. The time-series analysis showed a rapid day-to-day variability with a seasonal variation with a peak during summer. Fourier coefficients were concentrated for the winter/post-monsoon, indicating lower wind conditions, while wide spreads of the points indicate agility, i.e., high wind during the summer. The spectral features obtained using FFTs infer that wind has a prominent peak at a frequency f=0.00106724 (day−1) and f=0.00266809 (day−1). The power spectrum and wavelet decomposition show that the prominent frequencies correspond to yearly, eight, six, and four months. Weibull probability density function, cumulative probability distributions, and probability profiles are studied. Results show that the Weibull distribution function reasonably models the probability distribution of daily wind speed. Weibull scale parameter varied between 0.26 and 1.33 m/s, and the shape parameter ranged between 1.09 and 2.88. Results from various analyses indicate that the seasonal variation of wind speed over Ranchi is mainly associated with the development of monsoon trough over the site.
Modeling the formation of disinfection byproducts in chlorinated swimming pool water: Role of body fluid analog
Authors: Hua Pei , Chen Yingjie , Zhang Jin
Published: August 2022

The recirculation of pool water and the continuous input of pollutants and disinfectants in swimming pools intensifies the accumulation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), which have received increasing attention. Trihalomethanes (THMs) are the most common DBPs found in swimming pool water. Developing a predictive THM model is an efficient and promising way to optimize the chlorine dosage and guarantee water safety. Because the main components of swimmer inputs and their respective quantities have been formalized and determined through body fluid analogs (BFA), the model development can rely on the chlorination of BFA components and mixtures. In this study, a well-established second-order reaction chlorine decay model with a variable reaction rate coefficient was expanded to describe the chlorine consumption in swimming pool water. The THM model with a variable formation coefficient was first developed based on the identical assumption of the chlorine model, that is, the reactivity of the reactants decreases as the reaction progresses. The results showed that uric acid exhibited the fastest initial rate coefficient for chlorine decay. Although citric acid showed a considerably high specific THM formation potential (μmol-THM, species/mg productive chlorine consumption), urea and humic acid (HA) were attributed to the fast-reacting THM formation precursors. The rate coefficients of urea and HA were higher than that of citric acid. For the mixture, the (overall) reaction rate coefficients were formulated as a function of the rate coefficient of the individual substance and the concentration of the substance remaining in the water. This concept was tested using BFA and BFA with HA. The model accurately described the chlorine consumption and THM concentrations (R2 > 0.96).
Tratamiento tributario de los beneficios procedentes de los servicios de transporte aéreo y marítimo internacional a la luz de la normativa interna y los acuerdos para evitar la doble imposición suscritos por el Perú
Authors: Dávila Carbajal Jorge
Published: August 2022

Este artículo aborda el tratamiento de las rentas procedentes de los servicios de transporte aéreo y marítimo internacional, obtenidos por entidades no residentes, para efectos del Impuesto a la Renta. Particularmente, se analiza el concepto de “beneficios” a que se refieren los acuerdos para evitar la doble imposición suscritos por el Perú bajo el modelo de convenio de la OCDE; y la Decisión No.578 (CAN).
¿Los octógonos respetaron el Derecho Internacional? Análisis de compatibilidad de la Ley de promoción de la alimentación saludable para niños, niñas y adolescentes del Perú
Authors: Velásquez Barrionuevo Alejandro José
Published: August 2022

El presente artículo presenta un análisis jurídico acerca del cumplimiento del Perú del Acuerdo OTC de la OMC al elaborar una serie de reglamentos técnicos en materia de salud aplicables a alimentos conocidos como “los octógonos”. Se parte del estudio de la normativa interna a la luz de la internacional, apoyado en jurisprudencia y doctrina, para finalmente concluir que no se cumplió cabalmente el Acuerdo.
Las designaciones repetitivas de los árbitros en el arbitraje internacional
Authors: Arméstar Alzamora Claudia
Published: August 2022

La autora aborda el tema de las designaciones repetitivas de los árbitros, explicando su impacto en el deber de independencia e imparcialidad de los árbitros. La autora enfatiza en la aplicación de un análisis cualitativo y no uno cuantitativo, presentando los criterios que han aplicado las instituciones arbitrales más importantes a nivel internacional; e, identificando las prácticas internacionales útiles para el arbitraje en el Perú.
Pero yo no firmé nada... Apuntes sobre la aplicación de las teorías “no consensuales” de partes no signatarias en la legislación peruana
Authors: Cabieses Crovetto Guillermo Fernando , Vega Méndez Rodrigo
Published: August 2022

Si bien el arbitraje es un mecanismo de solución de controversias que reposa en el consentimiento, hay quienes afirman que, en ciertas circunstancias, laincorporación de una parte no signataria se explica por consideraciones de buena fe o equidad, y no propiamente por el consentimiento. Este artículo busca dilucidar si dichas teorías “no consensuales” realmente merecen una categoría independiente a la luz del derecho peruano.
Development and Challenges of Synthetic Retinoid Formulations in Cancer
Authors: Assi Sara , Hajj Hiba El , Hayar Berthe , Pisano Claudio , Saad Walid , Darwiche Nadine
Published: August 2022

Retinoids represent a class of chemical compounds derived from or structurally and functionally related to vitamin A. Retinoids play crucial roles in regulating a range of crucial biological processes spanning embryonic development to adult life. These include regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. Due to their promising characteristics, retinoids emerged as potent anti-cancer agents, and their effects were validated in vitro and in vivo preclinical models of several solid and hematological malignancies. However, their clinical translation remained limited due to poor water solubility, photosensitivity, short half-life, and toxicity. The development of retinoid delivery formulations was extensively studied to overcome these limitations. This review will summarize some preclinical and commercial synthetic retinoids in cancer and discuss their different delivery systems.
impact of pragma-linguistic & socio-pragmatic components on understanding English pragmatic utterances
Authors: Abdullah Ahmed Subhi
Published: August 2022

Having a good pragmatic competence prevent the interlocutors from misunderstanding. The native and non-native people encounter everyday a lot of pragmatic utterances need to be inferred correctly to catch the intended meaning. The non-native people face a lot of difficulties in conveying hidden messages behind the letteral lines. Leech’s pragmatic components which are pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic, are so important especially for non-natives to develop in order to help them having a competence gathers the linguistic elements and the socio-cultural conventions and beliefs of English culture which will eliminate the obscure of the pragmatic utterances. This research studies the theoretical view of pragmatics and leech’s components as well as analyzing answers of Iraqi students inferring some of pragmatic samples taken from the real British life. The study concludes that there is a lack in pragmatic competence for those students as well as a fuzzy knowledge of Leech’s two components.
The Human Need for Equilibrium: Qualitative Study on the Ingenuity, Technical Competency, and Changing Strategies of People With Dementia Seeking Health Information
Authors: Dixon Emma , Anderson Jesse , Blackwelder Diana C , Radnofsky Mary L , Lazar Amanda
Published: August 2022

Background

Prior research on health information behaviors of people with dementia has primarily focused on examining the types of information exchanged by people with dementia using various web-based platforms. A previous study investigated the information behaviors of people with dementia within a month of their diagnosis. There is an empirical gap in the literature regarding the evolution of health information needs and behaviors of people with dementia as their condition progresses.

Objective

Our work primarily investigated the information behaviors of people with dementia who have been living with the condition for several (4 to 26) years. We also aimed to identify their motivations for changing their information behaviors over time. Our primary research questions were as follows: how do people with dementia get informed about their condition, and why do people with dementia seek information about their condition?

Methods

We adopted an action research approach by including 2 people with dementia as members of our research team. Collaboratively, we conducted 16 remote 1-hour contextual inquiry sessions with people living with mild to moderate dementia. During the study sessions, the first 40 minutes included semistructured interviews with participants concerning their information behaviors, followed by a 20-minute demonstration of their information-seeking strategies. Data from these interviews were analyzed using a constructivist grounded theory approach.

Results

Participants described their information needs in terms of managing the disrupted physiological, emotional, and social aspects of their lives following a diagnosis of dementia. They used various information behaviors, including active search, ongoing search, monitoring, proxy search, information avoidance, and selective exposure. These information behaviors were not stagnant; however, they were adapted to accommodate the changing circumstances of their dementia and their lives as they worked to re-establish equilibrium to continue to engage in life while living with a degenerative neurological condition.

Conclusions

Our research revealed the motivations, changing abilities, and chosen strategies of people with dementia in their search for information as their condition evolves. This knowledge can be used to develop and improve person-centered information and support services for people with dementia so that they can more easily re-establish equilibrium and continue to engage in life.
Trends and Characteristics of #HIVPrevention Tweets Posted Between 2014 and 2019: Retrospective Infodemiology Study
Authors: Burgess Raquel , Feliciano Josemari T , Lizbinski Leonardo , Ransome Yusuf
Published: August 2022

Background

Twitter is becoming an increasingly important avenue for people to seek information about HIV prevention. Tweets about HIV prevention may reflect or influence current norms about the acceptability of different HIV prevention methods. Therefore, it may be useful to empirically investigate trends in the level of attention paid to different HIV prevention topics on Twitter over time.

Objective

The primary objective of this study was to investigate temporal trends in the frequency of tweets about different HIV prevention topics on Twitter between 2014 and 2019.

Methods

We used the Twitter application programming interface to obtain English-language tweets employing #HIVPrevention between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2019 (n=69,197, globally). Using iterative qualitative content analysis on samples of tweets, we developed a keyword list to categorize the tweets into 10 prevention topics (eg, condom use, preexposure prophylaxis [PrEP]) and compared the frequency of tweets mentioning each topic over time. We assessed the overall change in the proportions of #HIVPrevention tweets mentioning each prevention topic in 2019 as compared with 2014 using chi-square and Fisher exact tests. We also conducted descriptive analyses to identify the accounts posting the most original tweets, the accounts retweeted most frequently, the most frequently used word pairings, and the spatial distribution of tweets in the United States compared with the number of state-level HIV cases.

Results

PrEP (13,895 tweets; 20.08% of all included tweets) and HIV testing (7688, 11.11%) were the most frequently mentioned topics, whereas condom use (2941, 4.25%) and postexposure prophylaxis (PEP; 823, 1.19%) were mentioned relatively less frequently. The proportions of tweets mentioning PrEP (327/2251, 14.53%, in 2014, 5067/12,971, 39.1%, in 2019; P≤.001), HIV testing (208/2251, 9.24%, in 2014, 2193/12,971, 16.91% in 2019; P≤.001), and PEP (25/2251, 1.11%, in 2014, 342/12,971, 2.64%, in 2019; P≤.001) were higher in 2019 compared with 2014, whereas the proportions of tweets mentioning abstinence, condom use, circumcision, harm reduction, and gender inequity were lower in 2019 compared with 2014. The top retweeted accounts were mostly UN-affiliated entities; celebrities and HIV advocates were also represented. Geotagged #HIVPrevention tweets in the United States between 2014 and 2019 (n=514) were positively correlated with the number of state-level HIV cases in 2019 (r=0.81, P≤.01).

Conclusions

Twitter may be a useful source for identifying HIV prevention trends. During our evaluation period (2014-2019), the most frequently mentioned prevention topics were PrEP and HIV testing in tweets using #HIVPrevention. Strategic responses to these tweets that provide information about where to get tested or how to obtain PrEP may be potential approaches to reduce HIV incidence.
Patients’ Experiences of Care With or Without the Support of an Interactive App During Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: Interview Study
Authors: Fjell Maria , Langius-Eklöf Ann , Nilsson Marie , Sundberg Kay
Published: August 2022

Background

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is often recommended for patients with breast cancer with more aggressive tumor characteristics. As with all chemotherapies, they can cause substantially disturbing symptoms. Most patients receive their treatment as outpatients, which means that they must take responsibility for self-care and management of symptoms at home for a long period. Patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy may not receive sufficient support for management of treatment-related symptoms. For patients undergoing NACT, it has been concluded that information and supportive needs are not always met. In our previous study, the use of mobile health to support patients with breast cancer undergoing NACT reduced symptoms during treatment with the support of an interactive app. Therefore, it is important to investigate how patients experience their care and explore any specific contribution that the app may have brought in care.

Objective

This study aims to explore patients’ experiences of care with or without the support of an interactive app during NACT for breast cancer.

Methods

This qualitative study was part of a larger randomized controlled trial and included 40 individual face-to-face interviews conducted with patients in both intervention and control groups after the end of NACT. The interviews were audio recorded, and the data were analyzed inductively using thematic analysis.

Results

No major differences in experience of care were observed between the groups. A total of 4 overarching themes emerged. In the first theme, The health care context, patients described care as assessible, although sometimes there was a lack of time and continuity with nurses. In the second theme, Being a recipient of care, it emerged that the patients experienced a warm and positive atmosphere at the clinics. In the third theme, Taking an active role as a patient, patients described being active in searching for information and various ways of participation in their own care. In the fourth theme, The value of the app, patients who had used the app experienced it as a complementary source of information, creating a sense of security. Using the app provided patients with the support of being contacted by a nurse if needed, enabled self-care, and facilitated the planning of daily activities.

Conclusions

Overall, patients’ experiences of care were similar and mostly positive. However, for patients using the app, it provided additional support for information and self-care and enhanced participation in their own care. The easy access to a nurse gave patients a sense of security. The findings suggest integrating an interactive app as a complement to standard care to support patients with breast cancer during treatment.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3450-y
Moving towards precision education: Study protocol for a scoping review on profiling of learners in medical schools (Preprint)
Authors: Salman Hira , Powell Leigh , Alsuwaidi Laila , Nair Bhavana , Tegginmani Shakeel , Mohamadeya Jalal , Zary Nabil
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Academic experiences seek to get the best out of learners, maximizing performance and developing the skills and competencies needed to foster lifelong learning. The more personalized and tailored the academic experience is to learners, the better the outcome. Precision education is a novel approach to research and practice which is concerned with identifying and tailoring education to the precise needs of the learner. An emerging area of precision education is using data to develop learner profiles to paint a better understanding of individual learners relative to characteristics and competencies of lifelong learners.

OBJECTIVE

This scoping review protocol will summarize the current research on learner profiling with a focus on learners in medical schools.

METHODS

The scoping review will employ the Population, Concept, and Context (PCC) framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley, refined by Levac et al., and published by Joanna Briggs Institute while adhering to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. The search strategy was developed in collaboration with a library specialist. An initial search was conducted in PubMed, ERIC, Google Scholars, Cochrane, CINAHL, and SCOPUS. Data will be extracted, and two authors will undertake the screening procedure using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews checklist.

RESULTS

Preliminary database searches yielded 166 results. The final scoping review will present the findings in a narrative and pictorial fashion.

CONCLUSIONS

This review will help guide scholars looking to understand the current state of learner profiling within medical schools.

CLINICALTRIAL

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Addendum Modified Gear for an All-Terrain Vehicle Gearbox
Authors: Aher Aditya
Published: August 2022

Abstract: Transmission system is designed for the all-terrain vehicle consisting of continuously variable transmission, gearbox and drive shaft. A type of V-belt drive which shifts ratios in accordance with input speed and output torque has been successfully employed in the transmission for all-terrain vehicle. CVT is coupled with addendum modified dual stage helical torque reducer which amplifies the torque from the CVT and transmits it to the wheels through drive shaft. The design has evaluated using simulation software like Kissoft.
مكونات الجملة البسيطة وترتيب عناصرها في اللغتين العربية والأتشية (دراسة تقابلية)
Authors: Firdaus Muhammad
Published: August 2022

Dirasah Taqabuliyah (Contrastive Analysis Study) is a study of two different languages that aims at identifying the similarities and differences existing in the two languages. This contrastive analysis study often helps Arabic teachers provide faster understanding to their students by using a comparison of language rules between the target language and the students' mother tongue. In this research, the researcher managed to compare the two languages (Arabic and Aceh)  on the 1 sub-topics of the existing problems, namely Mukawwanat. Mukawwanat is the composition needed to form a simple sentence, furthermore, this study is a literature study in which data is obtained from various sources relevant to Arabic and Acehnese. Finally, this research resulted in several conclusions, among which is that Arabic and Acehnese languages have their respective features in the composition and elements of simple sentences that are distinct to one another.
Educación a distancia en tiempos de pandemia: reflexiones desde la ESAP Territorial Cauca
Authors: Macuacé Otero Ronald Alejandro
Published: August 2022

Este artículo es derivado del proyecto de investigación denominado “Retos de la educación a distancia en tiempos de pandemia”, realizado en la Escuela Superior de Administración Pública (ESAP) Territorial Cauca.
El objetivo es establecer los problemas que afrontó la comunidad académica de la Escuela Superior de Administración Pública (ESAP) Territorial Cauca, tras la pandemia del COVID – 19 y los retos que asumió la Institución para dar continuidad con los procesos de formación. Método: La investigación se desarrolló bajo la metodología cualitativa, a través del análisis documental y la entrevista estructurada, aplicada a 16 representantes estudiantiles de diferentes semestres y a 11 tutores, correspondientes a diversos núcleos temáticos de la Institución. Resultados: La preparación y adaptación a la contingencia presentó importantes problemas de comunicación, desadaptación al mundo digital e incomprensión de los retos de la nueva realidad. Conclusiones: Los problemas socioeconómicos y territoriales del departamento, sumado a las brechas del mundo digital, incidieron en la formación y evaluación, generando perturbaciones e incomprensión en la comunidad académica. Así, se avizoran las perspectivas que se mantendrán en el tiempo y las medidas que se deberán tomar, para adaptarse oportunamente a los nuevos retos de la educación.
Genetic underpinnings of trade-offs in plants
Authors: Laitinen Roosa , Nikoloski Zoran
Published: August 2022

Trade-offs between traits arise and reflect constraints imposed by the
environment and physicochemical laws. Trade-off situations are expected
to be highly relevant for sessile plants, which have to respond to
changes in the environment to ensure survival. Despite increasing
interest in determining the genetic and molecular basis of plant
trade-offs, there are still gaps and differences with respect to how
trade-offs are defined, how they are measured, and how their genetic
architecture is dissected. The first step to fill these gaps is to
establish what is meant by trade-offs. In this review we provide a
classification of the existing definitions of trade-offs according to:
(1) the measures used for their quantification, (2) the dependence of
trade-offs on environment, and (3) whether data based on which they are
inferred are from a single individual across different environments or a
population of individuals in single or multiple environments. We then
compare the approaches for quantification of trade-offs based on
phenotypic, between-individual, and genetic correlations, and stress the
need for developing further quantification indices particularly for
trade-offs between multiple traits. Lastly, we highlight the genetic
mechanisms underpinning trade-offs and experimental designs that
facilitate their discovery in plants, with focus on usage of natural
variability. This review also offers a perspective for future research
aimed at identification of plant trade-offs, dissection of their genetic
architecture, and development of strategies to overcome trade-offs, with
applications in crop breeding.
Clinical impact of patient-prosthesis mismatch after aortic valve replacement with a mechanical or biological prosthesis
Authors: Matkovic Milos , Aleksic Nemanja , Bilbija Ilija , Antic Ana , Milin Jelena , Cubrilo Marko , Milojevic Aleksandar , Putnik Svetozar
Published: August 2022

Objectives: Patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM) may impair
functional capacity and survival after aortic valve replacement (AVR). A
mechanical prosthesis tends to have less PPM than a biological
prosthesis, but these differences in clinical outcomes remain unclear.
This study aimed to investigate the impact of PPM on long-term survival
and quality of life (QoL) after mechanical and biological AVRs.
Methods: The presence of PPM was defined in 595 consecutive
patients who had undergone isolated AVR. Patients were divided into two
groups according to whether they had received a biological or mechanical
prosthesis. The groups with and without PPM present were compared with
regard to baseline characteristics, operative characteristics, survival,
severe complications, freedom from angina and QoL up to 6 years of
follow-up. PPM calculation was performed using the EOA value provided by
the manufacturer for every prosthesis divided by the patient’s body
surface area. Results: The moderate-to-severe PPM rates were
69.8% and 3.7% after biological and mechanical prostheses
implantation, respectively. Patients with a biological prosthesis
implanted had mean survival significantly shorter in the PPM group (50.2
months, 95% confidence interval [CI] 45.2-55.3) when compared to
the no-PPM group (60.1 months, 95% CI 55.7-64.4) (p = 0.035). In the
mechanical prosthesis group, there was no difference in mean survival
between the PPM group (66.6 months, 95% CI 58.3-74.9) when compared to
the no-PPM group (64.9 months, 95% CI 62.6-67.2) (p = 0.50). The
physical score of the QoL questionnaire was significantly lower in the
PPM group when compared to the no-PPM group with a biological prosthesis
(39.4 ± 8.4 vs. 45.7 ± 10.1, p < 0.001) compared to patients
with a mechanical prosthesis (43.9 ± 9.4 vs. 46.9 ± 8.3, p = 0.18).
Conclusions: PPM is common after biological valve implantation
and significantly impacts long-term survival and QoL. If the risk of PPM
after implantation of a biological prosthesis is suspected, prospective
strategies to avoid PPM at the time of operation are warranted.
Capillaroscopy in Pigmented Basal Cell Carcinoma Smaller than 3-mm Diameter: A Report of Four Lesions
Authors: Saito Shintaro , Kuriyama Yuko , Uchiyama Akihiko , Yasuda Masahito , Motegi Sei-ichiro
Published: August 2022

Abstract is missing (Short communication)
Investigar la lógica de estructuración de estrategias campesinas en Cuba (2014-2020)
Authors: Batista Fonseca Sucel
Published: August 2022

En el presente artículo se expone el proceso metodológico de una investigación que tuvo como propósito determinar la lógica de estructuración que expresan las estrategias de reproducción social de las unidades familiares de producción agropecuaria en un municipio cubano. Se utilizó una metodología triangulada en una investigación de tipo correlacional y transversal, con diseño no experimental, apoyada en un estudio de casos múltiples y en el método tipológico. Es un proceder aplicable a sujetos similares, que permite la combinación de técnicas con indicadores aportados, programas informáticos en aras de la tipificación de sujetos y la creación de estadísticas desde una perspectiva inclusiva y ampliada.
Íslenskukunnátta tvítyngdra barna: Tengsl staðlaðra málþroskaprófa og málsýna
Authors: Hafsteinsdóttir Hjördís , Einarsdóttir Jóhanna Thelma , Nowenstein Iris Edda
Published: August 2022

Niðurstöður fyrri rannsókna benda til að fjöltyngd börn á Íslandi séu lengur að tileinka sér íslensku sem annað mál en börn í stærri málsamfélögum. Markmið rannsóknarinnar sem hér er til umfjöllunar var tvíþætt. Í fyrsta lagi að meta íslenskukunnáttu tvítyngdra leikskólabarna með ítarlegum mælingum á málfærni þeirra og bera saman við meðalfærni eintyngdra jafnaldra. Í öðru lagi að bera saman niðurstöður af mælingum með málþroskaprófum við mælingar á sjálfsprottnu tali með málsýnum. Þátttakendur voru 25 tvítyngd leikskólabörn af Suðurnesjum á aldrinum fimm til sex ára. Börnin voru öll fædd á Íslandi og höfðu dvalið í íslenskum leikskóla í nokkur ár. Báðir foreldrar höfðu sama móðurmál sem jafnframt var talað heima. Heimamál barnanna var því ekki íslenska. Helstu niðurstöður voru að tvítyngdu börnin sýndu marktækt slakari færni í íslensku í samanburði við meðalgetu eintyngdra jafnaldra á öllum athugunum sem voru gerðar. Á staðlaða málþroskaprófinu MELB voru börnin að meðaltali tveimur til þremur staðalfrávikum frá meðalgetu jafnaldra og sýndu mjög slaka færni í þáttum sem reyndu á orðaforða og málfræði. Sterkust voru þau í þáttum sem reyndu á hljóðkerfið þar sem færnin var í lágu meðaltali. Á orðaforðaprófinu Ísl-PPVT-4 var meðaltal tvítyngdu barnanna meira en fjórum staðalfrávikum frá meðaltali eintyngdra jafnaldra. Málsýni af sjálfsprottnu tali sýndu að tvítyngdu börnin tjáðu sig að meðaltali í marktækt styttri segðum (setningum), notuðu marktækt færri og ekki eins fjölbreytt orð og gerðu marktækt fleiri villur í samanburði við eintyngda jafnaldra. Fylgni var milli hlutfallslegs fjölda villna í málsýnum og niðurstaðna málþroskaprófa. Niðurstöðurnar eru mjög alvarlegar og kalla á breytt viðhorf í málörvun tvítyngdra leikskólabarna. Nauðsynlegt er að gera gangskör að eflingu íslenskukunnáttu tví- og fjöltyngdra barna á Íslandi.