bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Of “reversal,” on revolutional: Violence and the institution
Authors: Bojanic Petar , Djokic Vladan
Published: July 2011

We should investigate whether the phrase l?institution r?volutionnaire best
describes Deleuze?s imaginary theory of the institution, as well as his
engagement with the theory more generally. The preliminary difficulty, which
immediately questions and devalues our commentary, is Deleuze?s own refusal
to thematize the institution and his own effort, and thus actually answer his
own questions from the 1950s: what is it that explains the institution? And
what should perfect institutions be like, that is, ones opposed to all
agreement, and which suppose a minimum of laws? Deleuze?s carelessness and
effectively his abandonment of his own early attempt at thinking the
institution, could possibly mark his intuition and recognition that the
thematization of the institution is, as of yet, an impossible task.
On the contemporary African experience: Towards a humanistic mode of philosophy for Africa
Authors: Ukpokolo Isaac
Published: July 2011

There is no doubt that Africa today is confronted with many economic,
political, social, and developmental problems. The big question and the basic
challenge is therefore how best we can tackle these problems especially as we
begin and forge ahead in the third millennium. This paper attempts to
elucidate a fundamental role that philosophy can play in this regard. It
holds that philosophy, as a discipline in the humanities, can help shape
fresh ideas that are humanistic in nature in the sense that they encourage
free enquiry and social agreement which are vital pillars for a fair and
prosperous society; for a society without such genuine humanistic values will
show many of the symptoms which are present in contemporary African
societies.
Conservative and revolutionary readings of the categorical imperative: The logic of desire and the logic of drive in Kant’s practical philosophy
Authors: Selimbegovic Ivan
Published: July 2011

This paper will confront two possible conceptions of Imamanuel Kant?s
practical philosophy based on two different possible understandings of
categorical imperative. The first conception sees the categorical imperative
as prescribing a form for the maxime under which a subject is to act if his
actions are to be taken as moral. This conception is shown to be conservative
as it preserves the existing moral norms of a society. This way of
functioning of categorical imperative is shown to be homologuous to the logic
of desiare as described by the french psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan and as
incapable of providing a basis for ascribing responsibility to a subject for
his acts. Another conception will be offered as an alternative: on that
conception the categorical imeprative prescribes a manner of willing any
maxime which is shown to be analoguous to the logic of the death drive. It?s
ethical and revolutionary character are elucidated towards the end of the
paper.
Will the global economic crisis induce seismic geopolitical changes?
Authors: Nikolic Goran , Petrovic Predrag
Published: July 2011

The paper begins with an analysis of the causes of strong rebalancing of the
world economy at the end of the first decade of the 21st century, which leads
to weakening of the relative economic importance of developed countries.
Then, the authors analyze whether we are in the process of creating a new
multilateral geopolitical stage and how much has become important the role of
some groups of countries (BRIC and G20). The authors analyze the changes in
the global financial architecture defined after World War II under the
predominant US influence. In the next two sections the authors first discus
how the global crisis will affect the geopolitical constellation and second,
they present some estimates that the U.S. dominance, with some dispersion of
its global power, could be retained. The authors have concluded that not any
of constant geopolitical elements in the leading world countries has
substantially changed since 2007, although the economic supremacy of
developed economies has significantly decreased in comparison with developing
countries and China, in particular. The U.S. leadership is not just a result
of its economic and military superiority, but it also results from the
relative attractiveness of its ideas and values. So, it is hard to believe
that a strong geopolitical reconfiguration could be caused by the global
economic crisis, especially in the medium term.
Competitive advantages of multinational companies: A review of theoretical approaches
Authors: Pesalj Biljana
Published: July 2011

According to knowledge and network-based theories of multinational companies
(MNCs), the main source of MNC competitive advantage is the creation and
transfer of knowledge within the MNC system. The processes of knowledge
creation and knowledge transfer are extensively investigated in the present
literature. However, there are issues that are still underdeveloped, such as
control and organizational mechanisms as a micro foundation of modern MNC
theories. This paper is aimed at presenting an overview of the modern
theoretical approaches of MNC competitive advantages from the managerial
point of view. The applicability of these concepts is further considered in
the case of MNC affiliates doing their business in transition economies in
order to provide guidelines for future empirical research.
Achieved Levels of HbA1c and Likelihood of Hospital Admission in People With Type 1 Diabetes in the Scottish Population
Authors: Govan Lindsay , Wu Olivia , Briggs Andrew , Colhoun Helen M. , Fischbacher Colin M. , Leese Graham P. , McKnight John A. , Philip Sam , Sattar Naveed , Wild Sarah H. , Lindsay Robert S. ,   on behalf of the Scottish Diabetes Research Network Epidemiology Group
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE

People with type 1 diabetes have increased risk of hospital admission compared with those without diabetes. We hypothesized that HbA1c would be an important indicator of risk of hospital admission.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The Scottish Care Information–Diabetes Collaboration, a dynamic national register of diagnosed cases of diabetes in Scotland, was linked to national data on admissions. We identified 24,750 people with type 1 diabetes during January 2005 to December 2007. We assessed the relationship between deciles of mean HbA1c and hospital admissions in people with type 1 diabetes adjusting for patient characteristics.

RESULTS

There were 3,229 hospital admissions. Of the admissions, 8.1% of people had mean HbA1c <7.0% (53 mmol/mol) and 16.3% had HbA1c <7.5% (58 mmol/mol). The lowest odds of admission were associated with HbA1c 7.7–8.7% (61–72 mmol/mol). When compared with this decile, a J-shaped relationship existed between HbA1c and admission. The highest HbA1c decile (10.8–18.4%/95–178 mmol/mol) showed significantly higher odds ratio (95% CI) for any admission (2.80, 2.51–3.12); the lowest HbA1c decile (4.4–7.1%/25–54 mmol/mol) showed an increase in odds of admission of 1.29 (1.10–1.51). The highest HbA1c decile experienced significantly higher odds of diabetes-related (3.31, 2.94–3.72) and diabetes ketoacidosis admissions (10.18, 7.96–13.01).

CONCLUSIONS

People with type 1 diabetes with highest and lowest mean HbA1c values were associated with increased odds of admission. People with high HbA1c (>10.8%/95 mmol/mol) were at particularly high risk. There is the need to develop effective interventions to reduce this risk.
Initial Angiotensin Receptor Blockade–Induced Decrease in Albuminuria Is Associated With Long-Term Renal Outcome in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Microalbuminuria
Authors: Hellemons Merel E. , Persson Frederik , Bakker Stephan J.L. , Rossing Peter , Parving Hans-Henrik , De Zeeuw Dick , Lambers Heerspink Hiddo J.
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to investigate the individual impact of initial responses in urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) to angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) treatment on long-term renal outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In a post hoc analysis of the Irbesartan in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Microalbuminuria (IRMA)-2 trial we first assessed the individual variability in UAE and SBP response (0–6 months) in 531 subjects. Subsequently, we analyzed the individual effect of both response parameters on renal outcome defined as change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) during 2 years of follow-up.

RESULTS

The median reductions in UAE and SBP in the population were −18% and −11 mmHg, respectively. In irbesartan-treated patients, 85 (24.4%) had a robust (>median) reduction in UAE but not in SBP (discordant SBP response) and 67 (19.3%) had a robust (>median) reduction in SBP but not in UAE (discordant UAE response). The degree of reduction in UAE was independently associated with the rate of eGFR decline (P = 0.0037). SBP showed a similar trend (P = 0.087). The relation between a larger UAE reduction and a slower rate of renal function decline was present in both cohorts with a SBP change above and below the median.

CONCLUSIONS

Within an individual, UAE response to ARB therapy may be discordant from SBP response. The initial change in UAE was independently associated with eGFR slope; the more UAE reduction the less eGFR decline, irrespective of the SBP change. These results suggest that in microalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes, UAE should be monitored after initiation of therapy and a separate target for renoprotective therapy.
Effects of Telmisartan on Glucose Levels in People at High Risk for Cardiovascular Disease but Free From Diabetes
Authors: Barzilay Joshua I. , Gao Peggy , Rydén Lars , Schumacher Helmut , Probstfield Jeffrey , Commerford Patrick , Dans Antonio , Ferreira Rafael , Keltai Mátyás , Paolasso Ernesto , Yusuf Salim , Teo Koon ,   on behalf of the TRANSCEND Investigators
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE

Several large clinical trials suggest that ACE inhibitors may reduce the incidence of diabetes. Less is known about the effects of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on reducing incident diabetes or leading to regression of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to normoglycemia.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Participants were 3,488 adults at high risk for cardiovascular disease but free from diabetes (mean age 67 years; 61% male) in the Telmisartan Randomized Assessment Study in ACE Intolerant Subjects With Cardiovascular Disease (TRANSCEND) study. The participants were randomized to the ARB telmisartan 80 mg (n = 1,726) or placebo (n = 1,762) in addition to usual care.

RESULTS

During a median 56 months, 21.8% of participants treated with telmisartan and 22.4% of those on placebo developed diabetes (relative ratio 0.95 [95% CI 0.83–1.10]; P = 0.51). Participants originally diagnosed with IFG and/or IGT were equally likely to regress to normoglycemia (26.9 vs. 24.5%) or to progress to incident diabetes (20.1 vs. 21.1%; P = 0.59) on telmisartan or placebo.

CONCLUSIONS

There was no evidence that addition of the ARB telmisartan to usual care prevents incident diabetes or leads to regression of IFG or IGT in people at high risk for cardiovascular disease but free from diabetes.
Effect of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Florida) on Paracetamol Induced Changes of serum bilirubin level and liver tissue protein in Rats
Authors: Sumy Afroza Khanam , Jahan Nasim , Sultana Nayma , Amin SM Ruhul
Published: July 2011

Backgroud: Liver is continuously exposed to a variety of toxic agents like drugs and chemicals that may interfere with hepatic function and may cause hepatic damage. Oyster mushroom is excellently edible, nutritious and has got free radical scavenging activity, thereby may be considered as hepatoprotective agent. Objective: To observe the effect of Oyster mushroom on paracetamol induced changes in serum bilirubin and liver tissue protein in rats. Method: This experimental study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC), Dhaka from 1st July 2009 to 30th June 2010. A total number of 34 Wistar albino rats, age ranged from 90 to 120 days, weighing between 150 to 210 grams were selected for the study. After acclimatization for 14 days, they were divided into two groups, control group (Group A) and experimental group (Group B- mushroom pretreated and paracetamol treated group). Control group was again subdivided into group A1 (baseline control) and group A2 (paracetamol treated control group). All groups of animals received basal diet for 30 consecutive days. Group A1 consisted of 10 rats, received propylene glycol (2 ml/kg bw, orally) only on 30th day. Group A2 consisted of 14 rats, received single dose of paracetamol suspension (750 mg/ kg bw, orally) only on 30th day. Group B consisted of 10 rats, received mushroom extract (200 mg/ kg bw, orally) for 30 consecutive days and paracetamol suspension (750 mg/ kg bw, orally) only on 30th day. All the animals were sacrificed on 31st day. Then blood and liver sample were collected. Estimation of serum total bilirubin level and assessment of protein concentration in liver tissue homogenate were done by using standard laboratory kits. The statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA and Bonferroni test as applicable. Result: The mean serum total bilirubin was significantly (p< 0.001) higher in paracetamol treated group in comparison to that of baseline control group. Again, the mean serum total bilirubin was significantly (p<0.001) lower in mushroom pretreated and paracetamol treated group (experimental group) when compared to that of paracetamol treated group (control). The protein concentration in liver tissue homogenate was significantly (p<0.01) lower in paracetamol treated group in comparison to that of baseline control group. Again, in the liver tissue homogenate protein concentration was significantly (p<0.001) higher in mushroom pretreated and paracetamol treated group (experimental group) when compared to that of paracetamol treated group (control). Conclusion: The present study revealed that Oyster mushroom can protect liver tissue against paracetamol induced liver damage. Key words: Hepatoprotective; Oyster mushroom; Tissue homogenate DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v6i1.8060 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2011 June; 6(1): 10-15
Hematological Status in Neonatal Jaundice Patients and Its Relationship with G6PD Deficiency
Authors: Akhter Nilufa , Begum Noorzahan , Ferdousi Sultana
Published: July 2011

Background: The role of hemolysis in the pathophysiology of neonatal jaundice in patient with G6PD deficiency. Objectives: To observe the hematological status of hyperbilirubinemic neonates and its corelation with G6PD deficient neonates. Methods: The study was conducted on 90 male, term neonates with jaundice, age ranged from 3 to 12 days (Group B) in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) between 1st July 2007 to 30th June 2008. On the basis of total serum bilirubin (TSB) level, study group was further divided into B1-TSB <15mg/ dl, B2 -TSB 15 to 20mg/dl and B3 -TSB>20mg/dl. For comparison age and sex matched 30 apparently healthy neonates (Group A) were also included in the study. Erythrocyte G6PD level was measured by Spectrophotometric method by using kit of Randox. Hematological parameters like hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, total count of RBC, reticulocyte count were measured by standard laboratory technique. For statistical analysis anova, independent sample t test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient test were performed as applicable by using SPSS for windows version-12. Results: In this study, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value and RBC count were significantly lower in both moderate (p<0.05) and severe (p<0.01) groups in comparison to those of control and also in mild group. However, these values were statistically not significant between study groups. Similarly, all these values were lower in G6PD deficient neonates than that of non deficient neonates but it was statistically non significant. Again, reticulocyte count was significantly (p<0.001) higher in severe hyperbilirubinemic than those of control, mild and moderate group. Hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, total count of red blood cell and reticulocyte count showed non significant positive correlations (r=+.745, r=+.205, r=+.329, r=+.104) with erythrocyte G6PD level in deficient neonates. Conclusion: Hemolysis is one of the risk factor to develope hyperbilirubinemia in G6PD deficient neonates and degree of hemolysis depends on state of deficiency. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v6i1.8061 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2011 June; 6(1): 16-21
Study of Thyroid Hormone Status in Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD)
Authors: Lovely Nasreen Sultana , Begum Rokeya , Akhter Qazi Shamima , Sultana Most. Sabinus , Akhtar Salina
Published: July 2011

Background: Thyroid dysfunction especially hypothyroidism is cardiovascular risk factor because of its association with elevated serum total and LDL cholesterol. Objective: To assess the association of thyroid hormone levels with IHD. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 50 IHD subjects aged 35 to 85 years (Group B), in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from of July 2009 to June 2010. For comparison 50 age, sex, and BMI matched apparently healthy subjects (Group-A) were also studied. The study subjects were selected from coronary care unit (CCU) of Cardiology Department & OPD of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. Serum FT3, FT4 and TSH were assessed by radio-immuno assay. Statistical analysis was done by student’s unpaired ‘t’ test and chi-square test as applicable. Result: The mean ±SD of serum FT3 and FT4 were significantly lower and serum TSH was significantly higher in IHD patients than that of healthy subjects (p<0.05). Conclusion: Hypothyroidism occurs in patients suffering from IHD. Key words: Thyroid hormone; IHD. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v6i1.8080 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2011 June; 6(1): 27-31
FVC, FEV1 and FEV1 / FVC % in Hypothyroid Female and their Relationships with Thyroid Hormones
Authors: Akter Pervin , Begum Shelina , Ali Taskina , Begum Noorzahan
Published: July 2011

Background: Hypothyroidism is a common hormonal disorder affecting various organs including lungs. It may be associated with respiratory symptoms and can decrease lung function. Objective: To observe FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/ FVC % in hypothyroid female patients. Methods: This crosssectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, BSMMU, Dhaka, from 1st July 2008 to 30th June 2009 on 60 hypothyroid female patients of 30-50 years age (Group B). For comparison, 30 age and BMI matched apparently healthy subjects (Group A) were also studied. Based on receiving treatment, hypothyroid patients were divided into B1 (untreated patients on their 1st day of diagnosis) and B2 (patients treated for at least 12-18 months). They were selected from the Out Patient Department of Endocrinology wing of department of Medicine, BSMMU, Dhaka. Serum TSH and FT4 levels were measured by Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay (MEIA) principle in AxSYM system. The FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC%, of all the subjects were measured by a digital MicroDL spirometer. Data were analyzed by One way ANOVA test, Independent sample t- test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient test. Results: The mean percentage of predicted values of all the lung function variables in healthy female subjects and treated hypothyroids were within normal ranges. However, all of them were lower in untreated hypothyroids in comparison to those of control and treated hypothyroids.FVC and FEV1 showed statistically significant (p<0.001) difference and FEV1/FVC% showed non significant difference . In addition, all the ventilatory variables had negative correlation with serum TSH level and positive correlation with serum FT4 level and these relationships were statistically significant in control (p<0.001) and treated hypothyroids (p<0.01). Conclusion: This study reveals that lung function may be lower in untreated hypothyrod patients and correlated with thyroid hormones. Treatment of hypothyroids may reverse this changes. Key words: FVC, FEV1 , FEV1/FVC%, Hypothyroidism    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v6i1.8084 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2011 June; 6(1): 45-51
Serum Zinc Status During Different Trimesters of Gestation
Authors: Noor Nushrat , Jahan Nasim , Sultana Nayma , Akter Rezina
Published: July 2011

Background: Hypozincemia may be found in different trimesters of pregnancy. Gradual alteration of this micronutrient status during pregnancy is associated with increased maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. Objective: To measure serum zinc level of pregnant women in different trimesters in order to find out their micronutrient status. Method: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka between 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2010. 90 normal pregnant women, age ranged from 20 to 30 years were included in the study group (Group-B) which was further divided into group B1 consisting of 30 different pregnant women in 1st trimester, group B2 consisting of 30 different pregnant women in 2nd trimester and group B3 consisting of 30 different pregnant women in 3rd trimester. Age matched 30 apparently healthy nonpregnant women (Group A) were also selected by for comparison. Serum zinc level was measured by Spectrophotometric method and serum total protein and albumin levels were estimated by standard laboratory technique. Statistical analysis was done by using ANOVA & Spearman rank Correlation as applicable. Result: In this study, serum Zn level was significantly lower in 1st (p<0.01), 2nd and 3rd trimester (p<0.001) of pregnant women in comparison to that of non-pregnant women. Again, this value was significantly (p<0.001) lower in 3rd trimester than those of 1st and 2nd trimesters of pregnant women. Moreover, serum Zn concentration showed negative correlation (r=-0.621) with different trimesters of gestation and this correlation was statistically significant (p< 0.001).  Conclusion: This study reveals that gradual hypozincemia was observed in pregnant women from 1st to 3rd trimester of gestation. Key words: Serum zinc; Trimester; Pregnancy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v6i1.8085 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2011 June; 6(1): 52-57
PEFR and FEF25-75 in Rheumatoid Arthritic Female and their Relationships with Duration of the Disease
Authors: Yesmin Farzana , Begum Shelina , Ferdousi Sultana
Published: July 2011

Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive multisystemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology affecting approximately 1% of the population. Pulmonary involvement is a frequent extraarticular manifestation in rheumatoid arthritis. Objective: To observe PEFR, FEF25-75 in female patients of RA in order to find out their relationships with duration of the disease. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, BSMMU, Dhaka, between January and December 2009 on 90 RA female patients of 30-50 years age (Group B). For comparison, 30 age and BMI matched apparently healthy subjects (Group A) were also studied. According to the duration of disease, RA patients were subdivided into B1 (newly diagnosed), B2 (3-5 years) and B3 (6- 10 years). They were selected from the Out Patient Department of Physical Medicine of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka. PEFR, FEF25-75 of all the subjects were measured by a digital MicroDL spirometer. Results were expressed as percentage of predicted value. For statistical analysis One-Way ANOVA, Unpaired Student's 't' test and Pearson's correlation coefficient test were performed. Results: The mean percentage of predicted values of these lung function parameters in the healthy female subjects and newly diagnosed (B1) RA patients were within normal ranges. The mean percentage of predicted values of both the spirometric variables were significantly lower in B3 compared to those in B2 (PEFR p<0.001, FEF25-75 p<0.001), B1 (PEFR p<0.05, FEF25-75 p<0.02) and A (PEFR p<0.05, FEF25-75 p<0.01). Again the same parameters were significantly lower in B2 in comparison to those of B1 (PEFR p<0.001, FEF25-75 p<0.05) and A (PEFR p<0.001, FEF25-75 p<0.05). In addition both the ventilatory variables had significant (p<0.001) negative correlation with durations of disease. Conclusion: This study reveals that pulmonary functions may be lower in patients with RA and their lung function is inversely related to the duration of disease. Key Words: PEFR; FEF25-75; Rheumatoid Arthritis DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v6i1.8086 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2011 June; 6(1): 58-63
Effects of Vitamin E Supplementation on Reducing Chronic Hemolysis in Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency
Authors: Sultana Nayma , Begum Noorzahan , Begum Shelima , Ferdousi Sultana , Ali Taskina
Published: July 2011

Background: Vitamin E works within the cell membrane as an antioxidant and may prevent destruction of RBC in G6PD deficient hemolytic anemia, which can be reflected by changes in peripheral blood film. Objective: To observe the role of vitamin E supplementation on restoring normal cell types in peripheral blood film in order to evaluate the role of this antioxidant vitamin in reducing chronic hemolysis in G6PD deficient patients. Method: Total 102 subjects, age range from 5-40 years of both sexes were included in the study. Among them 68 were G6PD enzyme deficient patients, of whom 34 were in non-supplemented group (Group B) and 34 were in supplemented group (Group C). Both group B and C were divided into Group B1 and C1 (on day 1 ) and also into B2 and C2 (on day 60) respectively. Supplemented group received vitamin E supplementation for 60 consecutive days (800 IU/day for adult and 400 IU/day for children in a divided dose i,e. 4 times daily). Age and sex matched 34 apparently healthy subjects with normal G6PD level (Group A) were also taken to observe baseline data. Determination of Erythrocyte G6PD level and preparation of peripheral blood film were done on day 1 for all groups and also on day 60 in deficient groups. Results: Percentage of subjects with presence of some abnormal red cells in peripheral blood film was significantly higher in patients of hemolytic anemia with G6PD deficiency in comparison to that of healthy control. After supplementation with vitamin E (i,e. on day-60) this percentage was significantly decreased towards those of healthy control in their supplemented group in comparison to that of pre-supplemented (day-1) and nonsupplemented groups. Conclusion: Some abnormal red cells may be found in peripheral blood film of G6PD deficient patients, improvement of which occur following vitamin E supplementation, and thereby indicates role of this antioxidant vitamin in reducing the rate of hemolysis. Key words: G6PD deficiency; Peripheral blood film; Vitamin E DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v6i1.8088 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2011 June; 6(1): 70-76
Dual Targeting of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor and Collateral Pathways in Cancer: Combating Drug Resistance
Authors: Ludwig Joseph A. , Lamhamedi-Cherradi Salah-Eddine , Lee Ho-Young , Naing Aung , Benjamin Robert
Published: July 2011

The insulin-like growth factor pathway, regulated by a complex interplay of growth factors, cognate receptors, and binding proteins, is critically important for many of the hallmarks of cancer such as oncogenesis, cell division, growth, and antineoplastic resistance. Naturally, a number of clinical trials have sought to directly abrogate insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-1R) function and/or indirectly mitigate its downstream mediators such as mTOR, PI3K, MAPK, and others under the assumption that such therapeutic interventions would provide clinical benefit, demonstrable by impaired tumor growth as well as prolonged progression-free and overall survival for patients. Though a small subset of patients enrolled within phase I or II clinical trials revealed dramatic clinical response to IGF-1R targeted therapies (most using monoclonal antibodies to IGF-1R), in toto, the anticancer effect has been underwhelming and unsustained, as even those with marked clinical responses seem to rapidly acquire resistance to IGF-1R targeted agents when used alone through yet to be identified mechanisms. As the IGF-1R receptor is just one of many that converge upon common intracellular signaling cascades, it is likely that effective IGF-1R targeting must occur in parallel with blockade of redundant signaling paths. Herein, we present the rationale for dual targeting of IGF-1R and other signaling molecules as an effective strategy to combat acquired drug resistance by carcinomas and sarcomas.
Design and Synthesis of Novel Antimicrobial Acyclic and Heterocyclic Dyes and Their Precursors for Dyeing and/or Textile Finishing Based on 2-N-Acylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[b]thiophene Systems
Authors: Shams Hoda Zaki , Mohareb Rafat Milad , Helal Maher Helmy , Mahmoud Amira El-Sayed
Published: July 2011

A series of novel polyfunctionalized acyclic and heterocyclic dye precursors and their respective azo (hydrazone) counterpart dyes and dye precursors based on conjugate enaminones and/or enaminonitrile moieties were synthesized. The dyes and their precursors are based on 2-cyano-N-(3-cyano-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-acetamide, 2-ethoxycarbonyl-N-(3-cyano-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-acetamide or 2-phenylcarbamoyl-N-(3-cyano-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-acetamide systems as precursors. The latter compounds were used to synthesize polyfunctional thiophene-, thiazole-, pyrazole, pyridine-, pyrimidine-, oxazine-, as well as acyclic moieties. The dyes and dye precursors were characterized by elemental analysis and spectral methods. All dyes and their precursors were screened in vitro and evaluated for both their antibacterial and antifungal activities. MIC data of the novel dye systems and their respective precursors showed significant antimicrobial activity against most tested organisms. Some compounds exhibited comparable or even higher efficiency than selected standards. Dyes were applied at 5% depth for disperse dyeing of nylon, acetate and polyester fabrics. Their spectral characteristics and fastness properties were measured and evaluated.
Aux origines de la cohorte urbaine de Carthage
Authors: Bérard François
Published: July 2011

The purpose of this study is to reconsider the date of the settlement of an urban cohort in Carthage, which is less certain than it seems. Whereas the arrival of the XIIIth urban cohort in the African capital is usually put at the beginning of Vespasian's reign, the same unit seems to have taken part about fifteen years later, in Domitian's Danubian wars, during which two of its officers were decorated. It seems hardly probable that the urban cohort of Carthage was sent as a reinforcement in the Danubian provinces, as the majority of experts agree. A first solution would be that the two officers, centurio Q. Vilanius Nepos (C.I.L., VIII, 1026=I.L.S., 2127) and primipilaris C. Velius Rufus (I.G.L.S., VI, 2796=I.L.S., 9200), had been decorated in another unit. The study of their careers does not exclude this, but the hypothesis which dates their decorations to their sojourn in the XHIth urban cohort, is still the most satisfactory, especially as Velius Rufus is concerned. A second solution must be considered which would postpone the arrival of the unit to Carthage until the beginning of the nineties A.D., after the end of the Danubian wars. The chronology of the inscriptions of the XHIth cohort in Italy and in Africa (the text of which is given in appendix) better argues this solution.
Prior and Sequens on inscriptions of the African army : putting to rest the legionary ghost ranks of Principalis, Sequtor, and Sesquiplicarius
Authors: Speidel Michael P.
Published: July 2011

In the various long lists of soldiers of the African legio III Augusta, one finds the notes PR and SEQ which have, so far, been read as pr(incipalis) and seq(utor). However, since they designate men with identical names, often following each other directly, they should be read as pr(ior) or pr(imus) and seq(uens), added to distinguish the first from the second bearer of the same name.
L'enceinte fortifiée de Mendour (Aurès)
Authors: Morizot Pierre
Published: July 2011

Das Luftbild und die Ortsbegehung führten zur Entdeckung einer befestigten Siedlung in Mendour, ca. 10 km südlich von Aïn Touta (Willaya von Batna), im Tal des Wadi Fedhala, dessen Ursprung bei Lambese liegt und der sich in der Sahara nach Bewässerung der Oasen von El Kantara und El Outaya verliert.

Die Umvallung, im Umriß ein ungleichmäßiger Polygon, dessen maximale Länge 180 m und maximale Breite 55 m betragen, besteht z.T. aus massivem Mauerwerk, z.T. aus opus africanum. Reste von Gebäuden, davon zwei kleine Ölbetriebe, sind noch am Boden sichtbar.

Zunächst denkt man an eine Wehranlage aus späterer Epoche, denn es wurden einige sigillata Keramik-Fragmente aus den IV-V. Jh. gefunden ; es ist jedoch anzunehmen, daß diese Anlage sich an einem viel älteren Gebäudekomplex angelehnt hat, denn man fand in unmittelbarer Nähe -jedoch außerhalb der Siedlungsmauern - ein Grastein mit einem Epitaph, das aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach spätestens Mitte des III. Jh errichtet wurde.

Die Lage dieser Umfriedung, 18 Meilen nordöstlich von El Kantara in Richtung Lámbese, läßt die Vermutung zu, Mendour könnte die statio sein, die in die Table de Peutinger Symmachi genannt wird ; dieser Symmachi soll nämlich 18 Meilen von Ad Calceum Herculis, heute El Kantara, entfernt gewesen sein und noch sehr lange bestanden haben, denn er wird im VII. Jh. in den Listen von George von Zypern under den Afrikanischen civitates aufgeführt**.
L'exercitus Africae inspiratrice de l'armée française d'Afrique : Ense et aratro
Authors: Dondin-Payre Monique
Published: July 2011

The participation of the army in the archeological exploration of Algeria was particularly outstanding. It can be explained by the continuation of an intellectual tradition (notably materialised by the investigations that took place during the expedition in Egypt : creation in 1840 of the Commission for the scientific exploration of Algeria), by the complete control of the territory by an army which alone provided the equipment and men needed, but furthermore, in the field of classical archeology, by the wish of the African Army to rediscover the legacy of the exercitus Africae, of which it wanted to be worthy. Reporting the relics and occasionally restoring them, (when more pressing concrete constraints did not urge to destroy them), drawing parallels with the march of Roman legions it was proud of surpassing, praising the superposition of Roman and French colonization settlements, the African Army justified its achievement by a permanent reference to its predecessor, whose civilian or military accomplishments it renewed, hoping to derive the same glory from them.
PET- und SPECT-Untersuchungen von Hirn tumoren mit radioaktiv markierten Aminosäuren
Authors: Bartenstein P. , Boecker H. , Brust P. , Coenen H. H. , Drzezga A. , Grünwald F. , Krause B. J. , Kuwert T. , Sabri O. , Tatsch K. , Weber W. A. , Schreckenberger M. , Langen K.-J.
Published: July 2011

For the primary diagnosis of brain tumours, morphological imaging by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the current method of choice. The complementary use of functional imaging by positron emitting tomography (PET) and single photon emitting computerized tomography (SPECT) with labelled amino acids can provide significant information on some clinically relevant questions, which are beyond the capacity of MRI. These diagnostic issues affect in particular the improvement of biopsy targeting and tumour delineation for surgery and radiotherapy planning. In addition, amino acid labelled PET and SPECT tracers are helpful for the differentiation between tumour recurrence and non-specific post-therapeutic tissue changes, in predicting prognosis of low grade gliomas, and for metabolic monitoring of treatment response. The application of dynamic PET examination protocols for the assessment of amino acid kinetics has been shown to enable an improved non-invasive tumour grading.

The purpose of this guideline is to provide practical assistance for indication, examination procedure and image analysis of brain PET/ SPECT with labelled amino acids in order to allow for a high quality standard of the method. After a short introduction on pathobiochemistry and radiopharmacy of amino acid labelled tracers, concrete and detailed information is given on the several indications, patient preparation and examination protocols as well as on data reconstruction, visual and quantitative image analysis and interpretation. In addition, possible pitfalls are described, and the relevant original publications are listed for further information.
Szintigraphisch mehranreichernde Schilddrüsenknoten gehen überwiegend mit normwertigem TSH einher
Authors: Kandror T. , Kuschnerus S. , Zimny M. , Pink R. , Palmedo H. , Hach A. , Rau H. , Tanner C. , Zaplatnikov K. , Bockisch A. , Freudenberg L. , Görges R.
Published: July 2011

Aim: In recent years, various professional societies published guidelines for diagnostic evaluation of thyroid nodules, in which the indication for scintigraphy is restricted to patients with subnormal TSH values. It is seen controversial whether such recommendations should be transferred to Germany, partly because of lower iodine intake in this country and the consequent higher percentage of autonomous thyroid nodules, which are not accompanied by a measurable dysfunction. Since reliable data to this topic are scarce, we analyzed multicentrically the spectrum of scintigraphically “hot” and “warm” nodules under the current epidemiological conditions. Patients, methods: In 10 German nuclear medicine out-patient institutions we evaluated the diagnostic data from a total of 514 patients, in whom unequivocally hyperfunctional nodules (focal increased uptake in comparison to perinodular tissue with a sonographically nodular correlative ≥1 cm) could be detected by 99mTcpertechnetate scintigraphy. To minimize selection bias, the surveys were not carried out in hospitals. The recorded parameters included the thyroid hormone levels, the global 99mTc-uptake (TcTU), the size of each nodule and the total autonomous nodular volume (Vaut). Results: Only 20% of the patients with “hot” nodules had subnormal TSH levels (<0.1 to 0.33 mU / l), the remaining patients had TSH levels from 0.34 to 3.5 mU /l (in one third of the patients TSH levels even exceeded 1.0 mU/l). Moreover, we found no relevant correlation between TSH and TcTU or Vaut. Conclusions: In Germany, in at far the largest proportion of patients with autonomous thyroid nodules objectified by means of scintigraphy, TSH levels are within the normal range. Since such nodules with maximum safety can be classified as benign, a corresponding scintigraphic finding has a high priority for the patient. These current data support that it is not reasonable to restrict scintigraphy to patients with subnormal TSH values in this country.
Formalizing morphologically cryptic biological entities: New insights from DNA taxonomy, hybridization, and biogeography in the leafy liverwort Porella platyphylla (Jungermanniopsida, Porellales)
Authors: Heinrichs Jochen , Kreier Hans‐Peter , Feldberg Kathrin , Schmidt Alexander R. , Zhu Rui‐Liang , Shaw Blanka , Shaw A. Jonathan , Wissemann Volker
Published: July 2011

• Premise of the study: Recognition and formalization of morphologically cryptic species is a major challenge to modern taxonomy. An extreme example in this regard is the Holarctic Porella platyphylla s.l. (P. platyphylla plus P. platyphylloidea). Earlier studies demonstrated the presence of three isozyme groups and two molecular lineages. The present investigation was carried out to elucidate the molecular diversity of P. platyphylla s.l. and the distribution of its main clades, and to evaluate evidence for the presence of one vs. several species.

• Methods: We obtained chloroplast (atpB‐rbcL, trnL‐trnF) and nuclear ribosomal (ITS) DNA sequences from 101 Porella accessions (P. platyphylla s.l., P. × baueri, P. cordaeana, P. bolanderi, plus outgroup species) to estimate the phylogeny using parsimony and likelihood analyses. To facilitate the adoption of Linnean nomenclature for molecular lineages, we chose a DNA voucher as epitype.

• Key results: Phylogenies derived from chloroplast vs. nuclear data were congruent except for P. platyphylla s.l., including a North American lineage that was placed sister to P. cordaeana in the chloroplast DNA phylogeny but sister to the Holarctic P. platyphylla s.str. in the nuclear DNA phylogeny. European and North American accessions of P. cordaeana and P. platyphylla form sister clades.

• Conclusions: The genetic structure of P. platyphylla s.l. reflects morphologically cryptic or near cryptic speciation into Holarctic P. platyphylla s.str. and North American P. platyphylloidea. The latter species is possibly an ancient hybrid resulting from crossings of P. cordaeana and P. platyphylla s.str. and comprises several distinct molecular entities.
Histoire de Marguerite De la relaxation au rêve-éveillé analytique
Authors: Brunschwig Hélène
Published: July 2011

L’auteur, psychanalyste, utilise parfois la relaxation analytique et parfois aussi le rêve-éveillé. L’histoire de Marguerite montre avec acuité comment le travail clinique engagé avec ces trois abords permet au sujet l’élaboration de sa souffrance.
Contenance et créativité du champ psychique Du corps éprouvé par la relaxation en séance au rêve éveillé
Authors: Cases-Jolinon Myriam
Published: July 2011

Au cours de la cure en rêve éveillé, l’image assume une fonction contenante à travers les territoires qu’elle décrit ou les mouvements qu’elle initialise. Mais lorsque l’imaginaire n’est pas directement accessible, une médiation corporelle est parfois souhaitable. Par le corps, nous nous situons directement dans l’espace, et de cet éprouvé de densification, de rassemblement, l’espace psychique se constitue ou se répare. La proprioception est alors une zone de rencontre, un lieu d’expérience. Une sorte d’auto-contenance s’initialise peu à peu à travers la densité éprouvée en séance. Le rythme respiratoire lui-même se transforme en cadre originaire. La dynamique du contenant psychique ainsi restaurée sert alors de fondation à l’analyse des contenus imaginaires.
Dynamiques rurales et trajectoires démographiques : comparaison France, Italie, Espagne
Authors: Hirczak Maud , Chevalier Pascal , Dedeire Marc , Razafimahefa Lala
Published: July 2011

Résumé Aujourd’hui, la recomposition démographique des espaces ruraux est un phénomène en grande partie généralisé en Europe Méditerranéenne, mais qui s’inscrit de manière très différenciée dans l’espace et surtout dans le temps. L’objectif de cet article est de proposer une lecture des trajectoires démographiques et de leur complexité, en mettant en exergue les processus de continuité-discontinuité temporelle et spatiale auxquels les espaces ruraux sont soumis. Ce travail, essentiellement statistique et cartographique, étudie ces trajectoires à partir de l’analyse dynamique des comportements des différentes composantes démographiques à l’échelle des provinces et départements ruraux de la France, de l’Italie et de l’Espagne. Il permet in fine d’identifier des modèles de trajectoires qui mettent en avant le poids des effets nationaux mais surtout régionaux, inscrivant les campagnes dans des contextes de différenciation mais aussi d’homogénéisation de leurs territoires.
L'économie politique au miroir de la physique : Adam Smith et Isaac Newton
Authors: Diemer Arnaud , Guillemin Hervé
Published: July 2011

Résumé Si Adam Smith est généralement présenté comme le père de l’économie politique, on oublie qu’il est également l’auteur d’une Histoire de l’astronomie dans laquelle il montre son intérêt pour les principales représentations de l’univers de l’Antiquité grecque jusqu’à Newton. Sa parfaite connaissance des thèses défendues par le physicien anglais lui sera utile pour construire sa représentation du monde des hommes dans ses dimensions morale, sociale, politique et économique. Adam Smith utilisera plus ou moins explicitement les travaux de Newton pour résoudre des questions théoriques spécifiques (la théorie de la valeur en économie politique) mais également pour expliquer sa conception de la constitution et de la régulation de la société (principe de la sympathie, principe de la main invisible). La physique newtonienne apparaît mieux adaptée au projet smithien que celle de Descartes. Elle semble être plus en mesure de soutenir un projet économique et politique libéral. La loi de l’attraction appliquée au monde social évite le recours à l’intervention de l’État dans l’économie et au pacte social dans la constitution de la société.
Biot, la polarisation chromatique et la théorie des accès
Authors: Leclercq Frédéric
Published: July 2011

Résumé Jean-Baptiste Biot, savant laplacien, a étudié la polarisation chromatique avec beaucoup de soin. S’il parvient à lier les teintes de ce phénomène avec l’épaisseur des lames cristallines qui les produisent, c’est parce qu’il a utilisé les travaux d’Isaac Newton sur les anneaux colorés et ceux d’Étienne-Louis Malus sur la polarisation. Pour que cette étude soit incontestable, Biot la justifie par les principes de la mécanique, c’est-à-dire par ceux que Pierre-Simon de Laplace préconise. Cependant, cette justification reste insuffisante et Biot effectue de nouvelles études qui établissent des liens avec la double réfraction. Tout cela augmente la connaissance des propriétés optiques des cristaux et fait évoluer la théorie des accès initiée par Newton.
L'avenir des assurances de personnes
Authors: Lequoy Jean-François
Published: July 2011

Résumé Appelées à jouer un rôle toujours plus important dans les décennies à venir, les assurances de personnes représentent aujourd’hui plus des deux tiers de l’activité totale de l’assurance en France, essentiellement via l’épargne (assurance vie et assurance retraite). Les trois principaux domaines concernés connaissant chacun une évolution spécifique : la santé verra l’accroissement du rôle des organismes complémentaires ; le système de retraites par répartition devra prendre en compte la nécessité du recours à la retraite par capitalisation ; enfin la dépendance devra relever le double défi d’assurer une protection accrue des personnes sans peser sur les finances publiques.
L'histoire de la Mutualité : quatre grands défis
Authors: Dreyfus Michel
Published: July 2011

Résumé La Mutualité est le mouvement social français le plus ancien et le plus important, ce qui explique que son histoire soit d’une particulière richesse. Elle s’est déclinée depuis deux siècles autour de quatre principes qui, aujourd’hui encore, doivent servir de boussole aux mutualistes. Liberté, démocratie, solidarité, indépendance sont les principes qui constituent le fondement de l’action mutualiste. Ils forment un tout, ils sont le « carré magique » qui doit guider l’action des mutualistes. Ces principes ne peuvent être dissociés ni séparés : que l’un d’entre soit bafoué et tout l’édifice s’effondre.
L'Unocam et la négociation avec les professionnels de santé
Authors: Laxalt Jean-Michel
Published: July 2011

Résumé La loi de 2004 relative à l’assurance maladie a voulu associer les organismes complémentaires aux négociations avec les professionnels de santé pour une régulation tripartite du système de soins. Dans un premier temps, les syndicats pouvaient s’y opposer (les dentistes l’ont fait) ; le Parlement a renforcé la participation de l’Unocam aux négociations. Un accord tripartite Uncam-Unocam-syndicats de médecins est intervenu dans le « secteur optionnel » pour les honoraires chirurgicaux. Sans mise en œuvre. La négociation de la convention médicale en 2011 est un nouveau rendez-vous décisif.