bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Superenhancer–transcription factor regulatory network in malignant tumors
Authors: Liang Yuan , Li Linlin , Xin Tian , Li Binru , Zhang Dalin
Published: October 2021

Objective

This study aims to identify superenhancer (SE)–transcriptional factor (TF) regulatory network related to eight common malignant tumors based on ChIP-seq data modified by histone H3K27ac in the enhancer region of the SRA database.

Methods

H3K27ac ChIP-seq data of eight common malignant tumor samples were downloaded from the SRA database and subjected to comparison with the human reference genome hg19. TFs regulated by SEs were screened with HOMER software. Core regulatory circuitry (CRC) in malignant tumor samples was defined through CRCmapper software and validated by RNA-seq data in TCGA. The findings were substantiated in bladder cancer cell experiments.

Results

Different malignant tumors could be distinguished through the H3K27ac signal. After SE identification in eight common malignant tumor samples, 35 SE-regulated genes were defined as malignant tumor-specific. SE-regulated specific TFs effectively distinguished the types of malignant tumors. Finally, we obtained 60 CRC TFs, and SMAD3 exhibited a strong H3K27ac signal in eight common malignant tumor samples. In vitro experimental data verified the presence of a SE–TF regulatory network in bladder cancer, and SE–TF regulatory network enhanced the malignant phenotype of bladder cancer cells.

Conclusion

The SE–TF regulatory network with SMAD3 as the core TF may participate in the carcinogenesis of malignant tumors.
Generation of hexagonal close-packed ring-shaped structures using an optical vortex
Authors: Kawaguchi Haruki , Umesato Kei , Takahashi Kanta , Yamane Keisaku , Morita Ryuji , Yuyama Ken-ichi , Kawano Satoyuki , Miyamoto Katsuhiko , Kohri Michinari , Omatsu Takashige
Published: October 2021

An optical vortex possesses a ring-shaped spatial profile and orbital angular momentum (OAM) owing to its helical wavefront. This form of structured light has garnered significant attention in recent years, and it has enabled new investigations in fundamental physics and applications. One such exciting application is laser-based material transfer for nano-/micro-fabrication. In this work, we demonstrate the application of a single-pulse optical vortex laser beam for direct printing of ring-shaped structures composed of hexagonal close-packed, mono-/multi-layered nanoparticles which exhibit ‘structural color’. We compare and contrast the interaction of the vortex beam with both dielectric and metallic nanoparticles and offer physical insight into how the OAM of vortex beams interacts with matter. The demonstrated technique holds promise for not only photonic-based nano-/micro-fabrication, but also as a means of sorting particles on the nanoscale, a technology which we term ‘optical vortex nanoparticle sorting’.
Comprehensive multidimensional study of the self-assembly properties of a three residue substituted β3 oligoamide
Authors: Buchanan Claire , Hinds Mark G. , Puskar Ljiljana , Garvey Christopher J. , Mechler Adam
Published: October 2021

Substituted β3 oligoamides form a unique self-assembling system where each monomer folds into a helix containing approximately three β3 amino acids per turn, yielding a geometrically well-defined cylindrical building block that, when N-acylated, is able to self-assemble head-to-tail into nanorods that can reach several 100 μm length. It was shown in previous works that self-assembly can be achieved with a three residue long oligoamide as well that lacks any intramolecular H-bonds, yet it crystallizes in a helix-like conformation. The self-assembly properties of these small oligoamides are however elusive, suggesting a more complex system than the self-assembly of the H-bond stabilized helical monomers. Here we focus on the self-assembly behaviour of a three residue oligoamide, Ac-β3[LIA] where the letters denote the side chain of the analogous α amino acid. Ac-β3[LIA] can yield highly inhomogeneous suspensions in water with a broad range of large fibrous structures that seem to be very stable, yet occasionally fibre growth is only observed upon heating. The small size of the monomer suggests a highly dynamic equilibrium yet all previous attempts failed to clearly identify low molecular weight species. Therefore a special methodology was employed in this study to characterize the suspensions at different size ranges: SANS that is optimal to measure the small oligomers and cross sectional diameter of the assemblies, DLS that is sensitive to the large populations and therefore the length of the superstructures, and NMR that is sensitive to monomeric and small oligomeric form, in conjunction with IR spectroscopy to probe the folding and AFM to image the morphology of the assemblies. Temperature ramping was used to perturb the system to probe the dynamicity of the self-assembly. It was found that the anomalous self-assembly behaviour of Ac-β3[LIA] is caused by its two stable conformations, a helix-building “horseshoe” fold and a linear conformer. The latter is exclusively found in monomeric form in solution whereas the horseshoe fold is stable in solid phase and in fibrous assemblies. Small oligomers were absent. Thus the self-assembly of Ac-β3[LIA] is arrested by the activation energy need of the conformation change; fibre growth might be triggered by conditions that allow increased conformational freedom of the monomers. This observation may be used to develop strategies for controlled switchable self-assembly.
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE): emerging technology based on aggregate science
Authors: Hu Rong , Zhang Guiquan , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: October 2021

Functional materials serve as the basic elements for the evolution of technology. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE), as one of the top 10 emerging technologies in chemistry, is a scientific concept coined by Tang, et al. in 2001 and refers to a photophysical phenomenon with enhanced emission at the aggregate level compared to molecular states. AIE-active materials generally present new properties and performance that are absent in the molecular state, providing endless possibilities for the development of technological applications. Tremendous achievements based on AIE research have been made in theoretical exploration, material development and practical applications. In this review, AIE-active materials with triggered luminescence of circularly polarized luminescence, aggregation-induced delayed fluorescence, room-temperature phosphorescence, and clusterization-triggered emission at the aggregate level are introduced. Moreover, high-tech applications in optoelectronic devices, responsive systems, sensing and monitoring, and imaging and therapy are briefly summarized and discussed. It is expected that this review will serve as a source of inspiration for innovation in AIE research and aggregate science.
Rechtswissenschaft als transdisziplinäres Netzwerk. Zur Verortung von Rechtssoziologie und Rechtsvergleichung
Authors: Eller Klaas Hendrik
Published: October 2021

In einem weitsichtigen Beitrag für die Erstausgabe der „Zeitschrift für Rechtssoziologie“ hat Dieter Martiny 1980 für eine Annäherung von Rechtssoziologie und Rechtsvergleichung plädiert. Der folgende Beitrag unternimmt anlässlich des Jubiläums dieser Zeitschrift eine Relektüre von Martinys Text und zeichnet in einer verschränkten Disziplinengeschichte von Rechtssoziologie und Rechtsvergleichung deren Berührungspunkte in den letzten Jahrzehnten nach. Darunter fallen Projekte der Harmonisierung und Quantifizierung von Recht, die beiden Disziplinen hohes praktisches Renommee eingebracht haben, aber wichtige Methodenfragen unbeantwortet ließen. In jüngerer Zeit führt die globalisierungsgetriebene Pluralisierung von Recht zur bislang engsten Verschränkung beider Disziplinen. Damit ist zugleich verbunden, dass die einzelne Disziplinengrenze an Bestimmungskraft verliert und an ihre Stelle ein multidimensionales, bewegliches System wechselnder disziplinärer Versatzstücke tritt. Dies wird hier beschrieben als Übergang von eineminterdisziplinären zu einemtransdisziplinären Paradigma der Rechtswissenschaft. Letzterem liegt das Bild eines Netzwerks der am Recht interessieren Disziplinen, darunter der Rechtssoziologie und Rechtsvergleichung, zugrunde. Das transdisziplinäre Paradigma dürfte die disziplinären Beziehungen künftiger Rechtsforschung zunehmend anleiten.
Thermal anomalies and phase transitions in Pb2Sc2Si2O9 and Pb2In2Si2O9
Authors: Gogolin Mathias , Murshed M. Mangir , Bayarjargal Lkhamsuren , Klimm Detlef , Gesing Thorsten M.
Published: October 2021

Pb2Sc2Si2O9 and Pb2In2Si2O9, respectively, the scandium and indium containing structural analogues of the mineral kentrolite are grown by spontaneous crystallization from a PbO flux. The corresponding polycrystalline powder samples are synthesized by conventional solid-state approach. The compounds are thoroughly characterized using temperature-dependent single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, heat capacity measurements, second harmonic generation experiments and Raman spectroscopy. At ambient conditions, both compounds crystallize in the non-centrosymmetric Pna21 space group and undergo phase transitions to the centrosymmetric Pbcn space group at elevated temperatures. The Pbcn into Pna21 phase transitions are complemented by the signals of the temperature-dependent second harmonic generation. The specific heat capacity exhibits distinct cusp, supporting the λ-type second-order phase transition. The temperature dependency of some selective Raman modes further complements the findings, showing softening and hardening of the phonons across the phase transitions.
Hormonal Contraception and Sexuality: Causal Effects, Unobserved Selection, or Reverse Causality?
Authors: Botzet Laura J. , Gerlach Tanja M. , Driebe Julie C. , Penke Lars , Arslan Ruben C.
Published: October 2021

Many of the women who take hormonal contraceptives discontinue because of unwanted side effects, including negative psychological effects. Yet scientific evidence of psychological effects is mixed, partly because causal claims are often based on correlational data. In correlational studies, possible causal effects can be difficult to separate from selection effects, attrition effects, and reverse causality. Contraceptive use and, according to the congruency hypothesis, congruent contraceptive use (whether a woman’s current use/non-use of a hormonal contraceptive is congruent with her use/non-use at the time of meeting her partner) have both been thought to influence relationship quality and sexual functioning. In order to address potential issues of observed and unobserved selection effects in correlational data, we studied a sample of up to 1,179 women to investigate potential effects of contraceptive use and congruent contraceptive use on several measures of relationship quality and sexual functioning: perceived partner attractiveness, relationship satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, and diary measurements including libido, frequency of vaginal intercourse, and frequency of masturbation. No evidence for substantial effects was found except for a positive effect of hormonal contraceptives on frequency of vaginal intercourse and a negative effect of hormonal contraceptives on frequency of masturbation. These effects were robust to the inclusion of observed confounders, and their sensitivity to unobserved confounders was estimated. No support for the congruency hypothesis was found. Our correlational study was able to disentangle, to some extent, causal effects of hormonal contraceptives from selection effects by estimating the sensitivity of reported effects. To reconcile experimental and observational evidence on hormonal contraceptives, future research should scrutinize the role of unobserved selection effects, attrition effects, and reverse causality.
Nascent polypeptide within the exit tunnel stabilizes the ribosome to counteract risky translation
Authors: Chadani Yuhei , Sugata Nobuyuki , Niwa Tatsuya , Ito Yosuke , Iwasaki Shintaro , Taguchi Hideki
Published: October 2021

Continuous translation elongation, irrespective of amino acid sequences, is a prerequisite for living organisms to produce their proteomes. However, nascent polypeptide products bear an inherent risk of elongation abortion. For example, negatively charged sequences with occasional intermittent prolines, termed intrinsic ribosome destabilization (IRD) sequences, weaken the translating ribosomal complex, causing certain nascent chain sequences to prematurely terminate translation. Here, we show that most potential IRD sequences in the middle of open reading frames remain cryptic and do not interrupt translation, due to two features of the nascent polypeptide. Firstly, the nascent polypeptide itself spans the exit tunnel, and secondly, its bulky amino acid residues occupy the tunnel entrance region, thereby serving as a bridge and protecting the large and small ribosomal subunits from dissociation. Thus, nascent polypeptide products have an inbuilt ability to ensure elongation continuity.
Operation Algorithm of the Adaptive Mechanism for Managing the Strategy Implementation in Digital Business Environment
Authors: Nikolaiev Mykola , Cherniavska Tetiana
Published: October 2021

Purpose: To substantiate the elements of a complex mechanism for adaptive business strategies implementation and to develop an algorithm for its operation in a digital environment.

Findings: A hypothesis about the positive impact of global digitalization of business on the formation of an adaptive mechanism for managing the business strategy implementation. It is proved that in the digital environment the indicative tools and flexible methods of making managerial decisions are activated, the efficiency of functioning of the corresponding mechanisms increases. The author offers adaptive mechanism for managing the business strategy implementation in the conditions of digital environment, substantiates its components, determines the tools for environmental diagnostics, selection and implementation of adaptive strategies, and highlights the principles of operation and interconnection of the subsystems of the mechanism. The article reveals functions and tasks of the adaptive mechanism and offers the algorithm of its introduction in the conditions of the digital environment.

Practical Implications: The results of the study can be used in the practice of management of modern economic entities in order to ensure management decisions and strategic development in the context of global digitalization of business.

Originality/Value: For the first time, the author proposes the adaptive mechanism for managing the business strategy implementation in a digital environment and substantiates its components, functions, methods and tools.

Future Research: Risk management of adaptive strategies, indicative technologies of diagnostics of digital environment, systematization of world experience of strategic adaptive management.

 

Paper type: Theoretical
Shaping and properties of thermoplastic scaffolds in tissue regeneration: The effect of thermal history on polymer crystallization, surface characteristics and cell fate
Authors: Calore Andrea Roberto , Srinivas Varun , Anand Shivesh , Albillos-Sanchez Ane , Looijmans Stan F. S. P. , van Breemen Lambert C. A. , Mota Carlos , Bernaerts Katrien , Harings Jules A. W. , Moroni Lorenzo
Published: October 2021

Thermoplastic semi-crystalline polymers are excellent candidates for tissue engineering scaffolds thanks to facile processing and tunable properties, employed in melt-based additive manufacturing. Control of crystallization and ultimate crystallinity during processing affect properties like surface stiffness and roughness. These in turn influence cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. Surface stiffness and roughness are intertwined via crystallinity, but never studied independently. The targeted stiffness range is besides difficult to realize for a single thermoplastic. Via correlation of thermal history, crystallization and ultimate crystallinity of vitamin E plasticized poly(lactide), surface stiffness and roughness are decoupled, disclosing a range of surface mechanics of biological interest. In osteogenic environment, human mesenchymal stromal cells were more responsive to surface roughness than to surface stiffness. Cells were particularly influenced by overall crystal size distribution, not by average roughness. Absence of mold-imposed boundary constrains makes additive manufacturing ideal to spatially control crystallization and henceforward surface roughness of semi-crystalline thermoplastics.

Graphic abstract
Atuação do enfermeiro em distintos modelos de Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil
Authors: Toso Beatriz Rosana Gonçalves de Oliveira , Fungueto Larissa , Maraschin Maristela Salete , Tonini Nelsi Salete
Published: October 2021

RESUMO O estudo teve como objetivo comparar a atuação do enfermeiro em distintos modelos de Atenção Primária à Saúde - saúde da família e atenção tradicional. Estudo observacional, analítico, de corte transversal, em município de médio porte no Oeste do Paraná, realizado no ano de 2017, com 24 enfermeiros de unidades de atenção primária, que responderam a questões oriundas do processo de trabalho constante da Política Nacional de Atenção Básica. Análise dos dados por estatística descritiva. Evidenciou-se que o conjunto das atividades atribuídas ao enfermeiro da atenção primária é amplo, sendo esse profissional responsável por ações gerenciais e assistenciais. Houve semelhança do processo de trabalho nos distintos modelos. Percebeu-se ausência de ações a grupos prioritários e de promoção de saúde. Conclui-se que o enfermeiro enfrenta dificuldades em atuar como profissional integrante das equipes e em otimizar seu tempo entre tarefas organizativas e de cuidado aos indivíduos e populações.
Histórico familiar para câncer de mama em mulheres: estudo populacional em Uberaba (MG) utilizando o Family History Screen-7
Authors: Buranello Mariana Colombini , Walsh Isabel Aparecida Porcatti de , Pereira Gilberto de Araújo , Castro Shamyr Sulyvan de
Published: October 2021

RESUMO Objetiva-se determinar a prevalência de mulheres com risco de desenvolvimento de câncer de mama pelo histórico familiar em Uberaba (MG), e essa prevalência nas diferentes condições socioeconômicas e epidemiológicas. Pesquisa quantitativa, analítica, observacional e transversal de base populacional. Amostra com 1.520 mulheres a partir de 20 anos. Dados coletados por entrevistas domiciliares sobre informações socioeconômicas e epidemiológicas. A avaliação do risco hereditário de câncer de mama foi realizada pelo Family History Screen-7 (FHS-7). Como resultado, 28,6% da amostra apresentaram risco hereditário para câncer de mama. Houve associação significativa do risco de câncer quanto a: faixa etária, sendo nas mulheres com idade de 70 anos ou mais a maior proporção com risco (33,5%); etnia, sendo a maior proporção entre mulheres de etnia branca (31,2%); renda familiar, com maior ocorrência para renda per capita > 2,5 salários-mínimos (31,6%); prática de exames preventivos (30,6%); e alterações benignas na mama (46,7%). Conclui-se que, a partir do histórico familiar pelo FHS-7, o risco de as mulheres desenvolverem câncer mostrou-se significativamente associado com maior faixa etária, etnia branca e maior renda per capita, com a prática de exames preventivos em dia e alterações benignas na mama. Tais resultados possibilitam melhores direcionamentos de políticas públicas.
El papel de la atención primaria en Guatemala para la Covid-19: límites y potencialidades
Authors: Figueroa Cristian David Osorio
Published: October 2021

RESUMEN El presente ensayo buscó describir el rol de la Atención Primaria en Salud (APS) en Guatemala en la implementación de políticas públicas para la contención de la pandemia, y discutir sus límites y potencialidades. Fueron utilizadas fuentes oficiales de gobierno, cotejadas con experiencias internacionales y literatura científica sobre APS. Inicialmente se describieron el contexto sociodemográfico y el sistema de salud guatemalteco y las principales medidas gubernamentales para contener la Covid-19. Para analizar el papel de la APS se seleccionaron cuatro líneas de análisis: abordaje de la vulnerabilidad social, coordinación del cuidado, vigilancia epidemiológica y promoción e intersectorialidad en salud. Se discuten las dificultades históricas del sistema de salud guatemalteco, que repercuten en la gestión de la pandemia con enfoque hospitalario, inversión temporal, medidas flexibles de aislamiento social y ausencia de diálogo con la población. La experiencia internacional indica que la APS territorializada, con adscripción poblacional, tiene impacto en la disminución de las inequidades, en la coordinación del cuidado para promoción de la salud, en el fortalecimiento de los sistemas de vigilancia epidemiológica y en el incremento de la intersectorialidad. Guatemala debe reconocer las potencialidades de la APS para realizar reformas estructurales y organizacionales con perspectiva intercultural, de género, participación social e intersectorialidad.
METAMORFOSIS IN THE LIVES OF ELDERLY PEOPLE CARING FOR DEPENDENT ELDERLY IN BRAZIL
Authors: Sousa Girliani Silva de , Silva Raimunda Magalhães da , Reinaldo Amanda Márcia dos Santos , Brasil Christina Cesar Praça , Pereira Maria Odete , Minayo Maria Cecilia de Souza
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the phenomenon concerning the change in life and routine of elderly family caregivers who care for dependent elderly family members in Brazil. Method: qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study, developed with 33 elderly family caregivers, from June to September 2019, in the cities of Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre, Araranguá, Manaus, Fortaleza and Teresina. Semi-structured interviews were conducted based on the theme of care, facilitating circumstances and difficulties. The analysis of the information was guided by the theoretical-methodological framework of hermeneutics-dialectics. Results: a comprehensive model of the experience of being an elderly caregiver of a dependent elderly family member. This process was part of two categories: "Assuming care" and "Unmet needs". The facilitating circumstances to assume care were positive emotions and bonds with the older person, acceptance of the disease, stable clinical status and support from health professionals, formal caregivers, domestic employees and family support. The difficulties were when the behavior of the dependent elderly becomes aggressive, experiencing loneliness, poor health, social isolation, financial restrictions and absence of social and health support. Conclusion: elderly caregivers are important agents in the exercise of care for the dependent elderly. When they have support, they can perform the care activities and have time to take care of themselves. However, for the most part, these people give up their lives, withdraw from the labor market, isolate themselves and suffer from the lack of material resources and support from health services.
Iniquidades sociais em tempos de pandemia de covid-19: uma reflexão
Authors: Vieira Ana Beatriz Duarte , Monteiro Pedro Sadi , Silva Ana Lúcia da
Published: October 2021

Resumo O impacto da pandemia colocou o mundo em estado de alerta não só pela crise sanitária, mas pelos impactos econômicos e políticos desencadeados. Este ensaio reflete sobre populações desfavorecidas e marginalizadas, mais expostas à covid-19 devido às condições em que sobrevivem, com menos acesso a saneamento básico e, portanto, menor possibilidade de adotar as medidas preventivas recomendadas. Em todo o mundo, o plano de contingenciamento contra o Sars-CoV-2 exigiu dos governos medidas de proteção da vida humana e busca de equidade em saúde. O Estado brasileiro, no entanto, furtou-se da preparação prévia para enfrentar a pandemia e não estabeleceu estratégias coordenadas. Considerando que a justiça e a equidade em saúde fortalecem a coesão na busca por salvaguardar vidas, a ética no cuidado deveria passar pela implementação de políticas públicas que corrijam distorções.
Tumores de tronco encefálico: reflexión moral sobre la conducta quirúrgica
Authors: Scrigni Adriana Vilma , Mantese Beatriz Elida
Published: October 2021

Resumen Los tumores de tronco encefálico representan alrededor del 10% al 20% de los tumores del sistema nervioso central en niños. El glioma intrínseco difuso es el más frecuente (80% de los casos) de este grupo de tumores, que se caracterizan por la mala evolución y una sobrevida corta. El diagnóstico se puede hacer por resonancia magnética (con espectroscopía) o por biopsia estereotáxica, un método controvertido, que permite el estudio inmunohistoquímico y molecular del tumor. La reflexión moral se focaliza en la indicación de biopsia para pacientes vulnerables y con mal pronóstico. Se analiza la cirugía desde el punto de vista ético, con base en el mejor interés del niño y en la actitud altruista del paciente y su familia.
Conselhos de fiscalização profissional e proteção da sociedade
Authors: Trindade Eduardo Neubarth , Vaz Márcia , Lauer Juliano , Bortolini Vanessa Schmidt , Trindade Manoel Roberto Maciel
Published: October 2021

Resumo A República Federativa do Brasil, ao reconhecer o valor da liberdade do exercício profissional e o dever de proteger a sociedade, delegou aos conselhos profissionais atividades típicas de poder de fiscalização ética e técnica de pessoas que exercem determinadas profissões. A essa função típica de Estado são somados ainda o exercício de um serviço público e o papel de zelar pelo bom prestígio da profissão. Os conselhos de fiscalização profissional cumprem essas funções de forma legítima, democrática, eficaz e com incontestável valor social. Para que essas entidades continuem exercendo suas missões institucionais, é necessário defender seu reconhecimento como pessoas jurídicas de direito público, detentoras do poder de fiscalização.
Empirical review on determinants of potato and onion production technology packages adoption in Ethiopia
Authors: Oliyad Sori Zenbaba
Published: October 2021

Vegetable production technology packages adoption is essential for intensifying its productivity thereby improve the income of smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. Analog to vegetable, production adoption of Potato and onion also play a great role in improving the daily livelihood of farmers. However, there are few studies on its technology adoption to encourage farmers to substitute their production methods by modern production techniques and maximize return from the sector. The objective of this review paper is to review determinant factors of vegetable technology package adoption in Ethiopia by using the finding of popular published empirical researches. The findings of the review identified that, adoption of potato and onion technologies in Ethiopia is low due to different constraints caused by demographic factors, socio-economic factors, institutional factors and technological factors. Similarly, different empirical researches which are reviewed by this 0review paper identified different types of potato and onion production technology packages like improved seed varieties, fertilizers, quality seed, irrigation services, crop protection methods, and storing house.As a result of the above combinations of vegetable production technology adoption factors, the expected outcome to be obtained from the sector is still poorly performed. By considering the importance of these potato and onion production technology packages, applying and implementing the procedures of adoption bring the decision to adopt technologies and improve the extent of it thereby sustain potato and onion production in Ethiopia.
Analysis of risk level at oil production on the shelf of the Caspian Sea
Authors: MZH Nurushev , MD Diarov , A Nurusheva
Published: October 2021

The authors considered the rational reasons of effective measures for prevention and liquidation of catastrophic of emission of oil and gas in case of production of oil and gas in the Kazakhstani sector of the Caspian Sea. The comparative analysis with the accident on the Gulf of Mexico (USA) is carried out. Scientific substantiation of effective measures to prevent and to eliminate oil and gas emissions catastrophe on the Kazakhstani sector of the Caspian Sea is carried out. Currently, Kazakhstan produces 1.6 million barrels a day, which allows us to be among the world’s top twenty oil producers. In the next 15 years we plan to double these figures - we have a new field in Tenghiz, Kashagan. The USA’s companies such as ExxonMobil, Chevron want to continue to invest in this area.
Restriction Enzyme Double Digestion v1
Authors: Fu Zhenfeng
Published: October 2021

Enzyme digestion is to cut the DNA molecule and the carrier molecule at the sticky end to obtain the corresponding sticky end connection.
Paraoxonase 1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta-analysis (protocol) v1
Authors: Watanabe Jun , Kotani Kazuhiko , Gugliucci Alejandro
Published: October 2021

Introduction:Oxidative stress is a driving factor in the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an antioxidant enzyme, a potential biomarker of this disease, data regarding the relationship of PON-1 with COPD appear to show some controversy. In this regard, to shed light on this issue, we will aim to perform a meta-analysis of data on PON1 activity in COPD. Methods: Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL) will be searched for available studies on PON1 activity in patients with stable COPD published before October 2021. A meta-analysis will be performed using random-effects models.
Ligase v1
Authors: Fu Zhenfeng
Published: October 2021

In vitro DNA molecular linkage is a biochemical process catalyzed by DNA ligase to form phosphoid bond between the 5 '-end phosphoric acid and the 3' -end hydroxyl group adjacent to two double-stranded DNA fragments under certain conditions.
Glycerol Stock Preparation for S. elongatus v1
Authors: not provided Akashdutta
Published: October 2021

Bacterial cultures in the form of agar plates or liquid cultures are not suitable for long term storage at low temperatures such as 4 degrees. Long-term storage of bacteria is best at temperatures around -80 degrees. However, agar plates and liquid cultures cannot be stored at such temperatures, as the water crystallizes in and around the bacterial cells, rupturing and killing them. Glycerol or DMSO (anti-freezing agents) is added to the media to store samples at such temperatures.
DMSO stock preparation v1
Authors: not provided Akashdutta
Published: October 2021

Bacterial cultures in the form of agar plates or liquid cultures are not suitable for long term storage at low temperatures such as 4oC. Long-term storage of bacteria is best at temperatures around -80oC. However, agar plates and liquid cultures cannot be stored at such temperatures, as the water crystallizes in and around the bacterial cells, rupturing and killing them. Glycerol or DMSO (anti-freezing agents) is added to the media to store samples at such temperatures.
Luminol Calibration v1
Authors: Burgis Michael
Published: October 2021

Calibration curve using luminol in order to standardize luminescence data
Protest Event Analysis Under Conditions of Limited Press Freedom: Comparing Data Sources
Authors: Dollbaum Jan Matti
Published: October 2021

The investigation of long-term trends in contentious politics relies heavily on protest event analysis based on newspaper reports. This tends to be problematic in restricted media environments. To mitigate the effects of bias and (self-)censorship, researchers of protest in authoritarian regimes have experimented with other sources such as international media and dissident websites. However, even though classical news media are easier targets for repression, journalistic reports might still outperform other sources regarding the quality of information provided. Although these advantages and disadvantages are known in the literature, different types of sources have seldom been tested against each other in an authoritarian context. Using the example of Russia between 2007 and 2012, the present article systematically compares protest event data from English-language news agencies, dissident websites, and several local sources, first and foremost with a view to improving methodological knowledge. The analysis addresses broad trends across time and space as well as the coverage of specific regions and single protest events. It finds that although the data sources paint different pictures of protest in Russia, this divergence is systematic and can be put to productive use. The article closes with a discussion on how its findings can be applied in other contexts.
Reflections About the Administrative Process in Modern Russia
Authors: Grishkovets A. A.
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the problem of understanding the administrative process in modern Russia. Discussion about its essence has not stopped in the science of administrative law for many years. There are two main points of view. The administrative process is understood in a narrow sense as a jurisdictional activity and in a broad sense as a set of administrative procedures, administrative jurisdiction and administrative justice. The opinion is expressed that the understanding of the administrative process should be based on the understanding of the subject of administrative law. After the adoption of the Code of Administrative Proceedings of the Russian Federation in our country, a real legal basis appeared for the creation of administrative justice, which resolves disputes between a citizen and the state. The legal nature of administrative justice and administrative jurisdiction is not the same. They belong to various subbranches of administrative law. The situation should be preserved when one part of cases of administrative offenses is considered by courts, and the other - by other bodies of administrative jurisdiction. The proposal to consider cases of administrative offenses in accordance with the norms of the Code of Administrative Proceedings is critically assessed. An attempt to create administrative courts in the Russian Federation is analyzed and evaluated. The experience of creating administrative courts in France and Germany is presented. The reasons why the administrative courts were never created are indicated. Administrative cases are considered by courts of general jurisdiction. An attempt to adopt the Administrative and Administrative Procedure Codes of the Russian Federation is analyzed. The Code of Administrative Proceedings of 2015, on the basis of which administrative cases are considered, is, in fact, the Administrative Procedure Code. The proposal to develop and adopt the Federal Law “On Administrative Procedures” is critically assessed. It is concluded that the administrative process is a judicial procedure for considering cases arising from public legal relations according to the norms of the Code of Administrative Proceedings of the Russian Federation, as well as the activities of bodies of administrative jurisdiction, including the court, to consider cases of administrative offenses in the manner established by the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses.
Barreras de acceso a los servicios de salud en la comunidad transgénero y transexual
Authors: Arredondo-López Abel Armando
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: Identificar las barreras que presentan las personas transgénero y transexuales en el acceso a los servicios de salud.
Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo basado en una revisión y análisis de evidencias publicadas de estudios cuantitativos y cualitativos, en el periodo del 2005 al 2019 en idioma inglés y español. La búsqueda se realizó utilizando palabras claves para identificar las barreras de acceso en la población transgénero y transexual. Los resultados se clasificaron de acuerdo con las principales barreras de acceso en diferentes categorías analíticas de barreras: económicas, organizacionales, geográficas y culturales.
Resultados: De acuerdo con la búsqueda en las bases de datos analizadas, se encontraron 230 artículos, de los cuales, tras ser revisados los títulos y resúmenes, se excluyeron 200 por no estar relacionados con el fenómeno de estudio. Tras revisar el texto completo de los 30 artículos restantes, 22 artículos fueron excluidos por los siguientes motivos: 16 por no analizar el fenómeno de estudio y 6 por no incluir expresamente a la población objeto de estudio. Finalmente, 8 artículos fueron seleccionados. Se destacó que los profesionales de salud presentan incertidumbre a la hora de atender a personas transgénero y transexuales, aunado a la escasa formación académica. Las personas transgénero y transexuales, mencionan como principal barrera el estigma y la discriminación, igualmente, la escasa información que tienen los profesionales de salud hacia esta comunidad.
Conclusiones: Aunque existe evidencia de barreras geográficas y financieras para el acceso a los servicios de salud de personas transgénero y transexuales en México, la principal barrera de problemas y retos en el acceso la constituye las barreras culturales acompañadas del estigma socio-cultural para este grupo poblacional.
Revisión y análisis sobre los determinantes de acceso a los servicios de atención primaria en población adulta mayor rural y urbana.
Authors: Santoyo Sánchez Gerardo , Arredondo-López Abel Armando
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: Identificar los determinantes de acceso a los servicios de atención primaria en adultos mayores residentes en áreas rurales y urbanas de diferentes regiones del mundo.
Material y Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura en bases electrónicas a partir de publicaciones cualitativas y cuantitativas, de fuente primaria o secundaria, descritas entre 2015 y 2019. Se determinaron palabras clave enmarcadas bajo el Modelo de Dimensiones y habilidades de Levesque, Harris y Russell. El análisis se efectuó utilizando una lista de chequeo con cinco criterios técnicos de evaluación elegidos por conveniencia técnico-académica.
Resultados: La búsqueda inicial identificó 118 manuscritos para revisión. Los estudios fueron analizados y clasificados en cinco segmentos que involucran a cinco regiones del mundo. Los principales determinantes de acceso encontrados fueron clasificados en habilidades personales de los adultos mayores y características propias del sistema de salud tanto para el área rural y urbana.
Conclusiones: Se concluye que a nivel mundial el principal determinante de acceso a los servicios de atención primaria en adultos mayores residentes de áreas rurales es la falta de disponibilidad de servicios; mientras que los adultos mayores urbanos mantienen a las barreras financieras como el principal obstáculo para su acceso a la salud.
Estrategias y limitaciones de aplicación de consejería de salud en enfermería: revisión integradora de literatura
Authors: Quintana Zavala Maria Olga , Ruiz Barragan Dione , Soto Coronado Carolina , Valle Figueroa Maria , Garcia Puga Julio
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: Identificar los ámbitos y limitaciones de aplicación de consejería de salud en enfermería.
Materiales y Métodos: revisión integradora de literatura, la búsqueda de los estudios se realizó en las bases de datos: Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, ClinicalKey, OVID y Proquest. Se localizaron artículos originales, publicados en el período del 2008 al 2018, en idiomas: español, inglés y portugués, que incluían en el título y/o resumen alguno de los siguientes descriptores: “Nursing health counseling”, “Health promotion”, “Patient centered care”, “Nurse patient relations”, con el operador booleano “AND”.
Resultados: El análisis de los artículos seleccionados permitió agrupar la información en dos dimensiones: a) estrategias para brindar consejería de salud en enfermería y b) limitaciones de la consejería de salud en enfermería.
Conclusiones: Los ámbitos de aplicación de la consejería de salud en enfermería son amplios dentro de la atención primaria de salud, existen limitaciones para su aplicación, sin embargo, la evidencia demuestra que el costo-efectividad de la consejería es mayor, que cualquier limitación relacionada.
Evaluación del impacto en la formación continua del docente en innovaciones de estilos de vida saludable en Barranquilla, Colombia
Authors: Mendoza-Charris Humberto , Ricaurte-Rojas Carlos , Maury Mena Sara Concepcion , Alonso-Palacio Luz Marina
Published: October 2021

Introduction: The impact of the training of primary teachers of a program for the adoption of innovations in health to prevent and / or control childhood obesity in 17 primary schools in Barranquilla (Colombia) was evaluated, using the Kirpatrick 4-Level Model. Materials and methods: The type of study is a retrospective cohort. The population was made up of 120 elementary school teachers from 13 public schools. A questionnaire was applied to evaluate the impact on satisfaction. For the impacts on learning, behaviour and results, the interview, and the development of demonstrations of knowledge and skills during the training sessions were used. Results: About 90% of the participants rated their satisfaction as "High" or "Very high". 89.10% asked that the educational program continue. Learning, measured in knowledge and skills; and attitude, measured in commitment, availability, and trust, had scores higher than 4.5 (scale from 1 to 5) in 73.5% of the participants in both categories. The impact of the results in the organization showed an increase in physical activity in 100.0% of the institutions while the incorporation of nutritional education in 61.5%. Discussion and conclusions: The application of the Kirpatrick model made it possible to determine the value generated by the training and estimate the return on expectations (ROE), while providing new elements that help to understand how innovations were being adopted. The study allowed us to ponder, not only to what extent the training impacted the level of learning, but also how this influenced the teacher's initial perception - according to which overweight and childhood obesity were basically the competence of the health sector - and then acquire a meaning for them closely linked to the academic training of primary school children, and easy to apply.
Beneficios obtenidos con la consulta de teledermatología en Guerrero Negro, Baja California Sur
Authors: Talamantes Azucena Aribel , Alvarez Villaseñor Andrea Socorro , Ibarra Urzua. Haydee , Garcia Valdez Ruth
Published: October 2021

Introduction: The term Tele dermatology (TD) is defined as “information and telecommunication technology to provide dermatological services at a distance”. Multiple studies have certified the reliability and applicability of this tool and its cost-effectiveness. This strategy is evaluated through indicators such as savings achieved and waiting time. In Baja California Sur there is a dermatologist who cares for the entire area. General Objective: Identify and describe the benefits in savings achieved and deferred duration of dermatology teleconsultation in patients treated in Guerrero Negro, Baja California Sur. Material and methods: Observational study of cost effectiveness. Fifty-eight files of patients treated at the dermatology teleconsultation in Guerrero Negro were reviewed. Demographic variables, reason for care, referral unit, savings achieved, and waiting time were analyzed. Study without risk. It was authorized by the ethics and research committee. Results: 81.6% were women, 29.3% from 31 to 50 years old, 24.1% housewives, the main diagnosis was dermatosis, and 50% belonged to Family Medicine Unit No. 35. The real time in hours to obtain a tele consultation vs face-to-face consultation was 638.50 + 879.05 vs 1,165.71 + 671.69 (p = 0.000; 95% CI 0.000 - 0.050). The cost in Mexican pesos of the transfer of the teleconsultation versus face-to-face consultation was compared $ 302.08 ± 695.62 vs $ 5,014 ± $ 5,377.28 (p = 0.003 95% CI 0.000 - 0.050) Conclusions: In this study, the teledermatology strategy was cost effective, it benefited mainly to women between 31 and 50 years old, housewives with a diagnosis of dermatosis, whose main assignment was the Family Medicine Unit No. 35 in Guerrero Negro, to a lesser extent than the medical units geographically located on islands.
Keywords: Tele-consultation, savings achieved, deferred time of consultation, Tele-dermatology.
Maltrato en la infancia y consumo de drogas en adolescentes de preparatoria
Authors: Tamayo-Rivas José Roberto , Gámez-Medina Mario Enrique , Ahumada-Cortez Jesica Guadalupe , Valdez-Montero Carolina
Published: October 2021

Objective: To know the relationship between abuse in childhood and drug use in adolescents.
Materials and methods: Descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study; Using stratified random sampling, high school adolescents were selected. A personal data card, the child abuse questionnaire3, and the AUDIT questionnaire were applied, validated and used in the Mexican population, in previous investigations. taking into account the regulations of the general health law regarding health research20.
Results: 239 adolescents from a public high school participated, the ages ranged from 15 to 19 years (M = 16.41; SD = 1.04), women predominated with 54.5%. In the variable of abuse in childhood and subscales by sex, a significant difference was found in the physical abuse subscale, showing that men (Mdn = 7.00/M = 8.11, SD = 3.08) had a higher physical abuse score compared to women. (Mdn = 7.00/M = 7.28, SD = 2.64) with a U = 5760.0, p <.032. When correlating the variables of abuse in childhood and drug use, a positive and statistically significant correlation of the number of drugs with the total AUDIT was found: sensible consumption, harmful the total score of abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect and neglect physical.
Conclusions: Men presented more physical abuse. In the relationship between the study variables, it was found that abuse in childhood was related to the consumption of harmful alcohol and the number of drugs consumed.
Keywords; child abuse; physical abuse; substance use.