bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role and perspective of suppliers in brand co-creation: an exploratory study
Authors: Sarkar Sanmitra , Banerjee Saikat
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to find supplier's role in brand co-creation. This paper also discusses the perspective of suppliers on the role and benefits of other stakeholders like consumers and the sponsoring organization in brand co-creation and to come up with some concepts and constructs related to these.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative approach has been used to identify supplier roles. Depth interviews were conducted on 15 selected suppliers from India already participated in brand co-creation. Grounded theory method was used to code and analyze the data and come up with important themes.

Findings

The grounded theory findings showed that suppliers need to have certain features like professionalism, willingness to invest in research and development (R&D) and flexible attitude in order to participate in brand co-creation. In turn, suppliers are benefited from participating in such an event as it improves their performance, growth and offerings. The depth interview findings also showed the reasons for successful and failed brand co-creation and the informant suppliers' view on the roles consumers and organization play in band co-creation and the benefits they receive.

Originality/value

This is one of the first academic studies of identifying supplier's role in brand co-creation looking beyond consumers and organization. There is no qualitative and quantitative study that was conducted to find out supplier's role. The paper conceptualizes important concepts related to supplier's features, roles and benefits in brand co-creation.
Exploring the synergy between R&D and advertising and firm performance: a neural network approach
Authors: Kwon He-Boong , Lee Jooh , Choi Laee
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This paper explores the nonlinear interactions of research and development (R&D) and advertising and their synergistic effect on firm performance using Tobin's Q. This study also aims to investigate differential synergy patterns under varying levels of exports with a precision impact on performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Unlike a conventional statistical approach, this study uniquely presents a neural network approach to explore the dynamic interplay of strategic factors. A multilayer perceptron neural network (MPNN) is designed to capture complex interaction patterns through a predictive analytic process.

Findings

This study finds that the impact of R&D and advertising is positive, with a greater effect on high-export firms. Moreover, the experiment results show that the synergy of R&D and advertising goes beyond the formatted positive/negative frame and actually has a reinforcing effect.

Practical implications

This study not only conveys the significant nexus of R&D and advertising for firm performance but also provides industry managers' practical means to assess the joint effect of R&D and advertising on firm performance. The proposed analytic mechanism in particular provides pragmatic decision support to managers in harmonizing their R&D and advertising efforts for a foreseeable impact.

Originality/value

This paper presents an innovative analytic process using the MPNN to explore the synergy between R&D and advertising. In addition to offering new perspectives on R&D and advertising, this study presents pragmatic implications for managing those strategic resources to meet performance targets.
Fault detection and classification of DC microgrid based on VMD
Authors: Barik Subrat Kumar
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to present a new fault detection and classification scheme of both DC faults and AC faults on a DC microgrid network.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve reliable protection, the derivative of DC current signal is decomposed into several intrinsic modes using variational mode decomposition (VMD), which are then used as inputs to the Hilbert–Haung transform technique to obtain the instantaneous amplitude and frequency of the decomposed modes of the signal. A weighted Kurtosis index is used to obtain the most sensitive mode, which is used to compute sudden change in discrete Teager energy (DTE), indicating the occurrence of the fault. A stacked autoencoder-based neural network is applied for classifying the pole to ground (PG), pole to pole (PP), line to ground (LG), line to line (LL) and three-phase line to ground (LLLG) faults. The effectiveness of the proposed protection technique is validated in MATLAB/SIMULINK by considering different test cases.

Findings

As the maximum fault detection time is only 5 ms, the proposed detection technique is very fast. A stacked autoencoder-based neural network is applied for classifying the PG, PP, LG, LL and LLLG faults with classification accuracy of 99.1%.

Originality/value

The proposed technique provides a very fast, reliable and accurate protection scheme for DC microgrid system.
Analytical review on deep learning and IoT for smart healthcare monitoring system
Authors: Yempally Sangeetha , Singh Sanjay Kumar , Velliangiri S.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Selecting and using the same health monitoring devices for a particular problem is a tedious task. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of 40 research papers giving the Smart health monitoring system using Internet of things (IoT) and Deep learning.

Design/methodology/approach

Health Monitoring Systems play a significant role in the healthcare sector. The development and testing of health monitoring devices using IoT and deep learning dominate the healthcare sector.

Findings

In addition, the detailed conversation and investigation are finished by techniques and development framework. Authors have identified the research gap and presented future research directions in IoT, edge computing and deep learning.

Originality/value

The gathered research articles are examined, and the gaps and issues that the current research papers confront are discussed. In addition, based on various research gaps, this assessment proposes the primary future scope for deep learning and IoT health monitoring model.
Influence of spherical protruded and dimple texture on the journal bearing performance: A comparative theoretical analysis implementing JFO boundary conditions
Authors: Syed Nayab Rasool , Kakoty Sashindra Kumar
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to compare the spherical protruded and dimple textured journal bearings performance characteristics with the untextured bearing.

Design/methodology/approach

The governing Reynolds equation considering the mass conserving (JFO) boundary conditions is solved using the computationally efficient progressive mesh densification (PMD) method. The central difference scheme is used for the discretization of the governing Reynolds equation. The numerical code developed is validated with the experimental results available in the literature.

Findings

From this numerical study, it has been observed that the protruded textured journal bearing gives better performance compared to the dimple textured and untextured journal bearing for friction variable, whereas dimple textured journal bearing provides better performance compared to the protruded textured and untextured journal bearing for load carrying capacity and flow coefficient. For better performance, dimple and protruded textured bearings must be textured in second-half textured region configuration.

Practical implications

The results shown here would be quite useful for the researchers generally and the bearing designers particularly.

Originality/value

The load carrying capacity should be maximum whereas, the friction coefficient should be minimum and also the adequate flow of lubricant is necessary to maintain hydrodynamic lubrication and to remove the heat generated within the bearing due to friction, which impacts the bearing performance and life. Thus, this study would be significant in effective bearing design aspect.
Non-GAAP reporting and capital markets: contrasting France and Canada
Authors: Cormier Denis , Demaria Samira , Magnan Michel
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study aims to assess if the voluntary reporting of adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA), a widely used non-generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) measure, has effects on information asymmetry and value relevance and how the adjustments to GAAP earnings made to derive it contribute to these effects. This study focuses on firms from two countries with contrasting institutional settings, Canada and France.

Design/methodology/approach

Relying on multivariate analyses and using Heckman’s procedure to address the sample self-selection issue, this study first estimates the likelihood of a firm to report adjusted EBITDA. Then, this study examines if adjusted EBITDA, as well as the adjustments made to GAAP earnings to derive adjusted EBITDA (adjustments), affect a firm’s information asymmetry and its value. These adjustments are essentially GAAP-grounded items that are discarded by management to derive non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA. The dependent variables are share price volatility, as a proxy for information asymmetry, alongside market-to-book and stock market return as indicators of value.

Findings

In terms of the used sample, results suggest that Canadian firms are much more likely to report adjusted EBITDA than French firms. Chief executive officer (CEO) attributes (CEO power) appears to increase such likelihood. Moreover, for both Canadian and French firms, adjusted EBITDA is associated with reduced stock market volatility, an indication of lower information asymmetry, as well as higher market-to-book and returns, suggesting value relevance. The results also indicate that investors view the adjustments to GAAP earnings made by management to derive adjusted EBITDA as not value relevant (similar to noise). The GAAP-grounded elements that management discard to derive adjusted EBITDA actually increase information asymmetry.

Originality/value

This study adds to prior research on the interface between a CEO attributes and governance and non-GAAP reporting. This study also provides evidence that, despite very different institutional settings, non-GAAP reporting conveys relevant information to capital markets’ participants in both France and Canada. Hence, a country’s institutional setting may have a differential impact on the disclosure choice but not on the resulting value relevance of such disclosure. Finally, this study extends the non-GAAP literature by examining the value relevance of a widely used yet under-researched measure, adjusted EBITDA.
Exploring First Nation Community Well‐being in Canada: The Impact of Geographic and Financial Factors
Authors: Blankinship Shawn , Lamb Laura
Published: June 2022

First Nation community well‐being is examined with a lens on the role of geographic location and financial indicators as potential determinants of well‐being. Regression analysis makes use of data from the 2016 Canadian Census and First Nation government financial statements to examine six well‐being indices for 446 First Nation communities. The results suggest that geographic location is the most critical factor explaining well‐being with more remote and northern communities experiencing relatively lower levels of measures of well‐being, with the exception of Indigenous language. Numerous well‐being distinctions are also identified among the Canadian provinces and regions. The financial indicators assessing transfer revenue from First Nation entities and Nation‐owned business activity are found to be positively associated with community well‐being. These insights are valuable to public policy‐makers and Indigenous leaders, in Canada and other countries, as they shape policy for the benefit of First Nation people.
Mesenchymal stroma/stem cells: Haematologists’ friend or foe?
Authors: Nachmias Boaz , Zimran Eran , Avni Batia
Published: June 2022

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are non‐haematopoietic cells found in fetal and adult organs, that play important roles in tissue repair, inflammation and immune modulation. MSCs residing in the bone marrow interact closely with haematopoietic cells and comprise an important component of the microenvironment supporting haematopoiesis, in both health and disease states. Since their identification in 1970, basic scientific and preclinical research efforts have shed light on the role of MSCs in the regulation of haematopoiesis and evoked interest in their clinical application in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and malignant haematology. Over the last two decades, these research efforts have led to numerous clinical trials, which have established the safety of MSC therapy; however, the optimal mode of administration and the benefit remain inconclusive. In this paper, we will review the clinical experience with use of MSCs in HSCT for enhancement of engraftment, prevention and treatment of graft‐versus‐host disease and haemorrhagic cystitis. Then, we will discuss the contradictory evidence regarding tumour‐promoting versus tumour‐suppressing effects of MSCs in haematological malignancies, which may have relevance for future clinical applications.
MiR‐26a‐tetrahedral framework nucleic acids mediated osteogenesis of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Shao Xiaoru , Hu Zhong , Zhan Yuxi , Ma Wenjuan , Quan Li , Lin Yunfeng
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Delivery systems that provide time and space control have a good application prospect in tissue regeneration applications, as they can effectively improve the process of wound healing and tissue repair. In our experiments, we constructed a novel micro‐RNA delivery system by linking framework nucleic acid nanomaterials to micro‐RNAs to promote osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

Materials and Methods

To verify the successful preparation of tFNAs–miR‐26a, the size of tFNAs–miR‐26a were observed by non‐denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and dynamic light scattering techniques. The expression of osteogenic differentiation‐related genes and proteins was investigated by confocal microscope, PCR and western blot to detect the impact of tFNAs–miR‐26a on ADSCs. And finally, Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway related proteins and genes were detected by confocal microscope, PCR and western blot to study the relevant mechanism.

Results

By adding this novel complex, the osteogenic differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells was significantly improved, and the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) on the surface of the cell membrane and the formation of calcium nodules in mesenchymal stem cells were significantly increased on days 7 and 14 of induction of osteogenic differentiation, respectively. Gene and protein expression levels of ALP (an early marker associated with osteogenic differentiation), RUNX2 (a metaphase marker), and OPN (a late marker) were significantly increased. We also studied the relevant mechanism of action and found that the novel nucleic acid complex promoted osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by activating the canonical Wnt signaling pathway.

Conclusions

This study may provide a new research direction for the application of novel nucleic acid nanomaterials in bone tissue regeneration.
The High Priests of Global Development: Capitalism, Religion and the Political Economy of Sacrifice in a Celebrity‐led Water Charity
Authors: Menga Filippo , Goodman Michael K.
Published: June 2022

Throughout the world, 785 million people lack a basic drinking‐water service and at least 2 billion people consume contaminated drinking water. At the same time, numerous global water charities fronted by ‘caring’, politicized celebrity figures — dubbed the ‘high priests’ of global development by the authors of this article — have sought to ‘solve’ inequalities in access to clean water through market‐based solutions and charity donations. This article engages with the fields of critical social theory, political theology, political ecology and celebrity studies to analyse the interrelationship between capitalism and religion, to interrogate the drivers of international development, and to historically situate the work of celebrity‐led water charities and the growing role of these ‘high priests’. It takes the case of Matt Damon's Water.org to examine the increasingly religious nature of these neoliberalized charity processes, and outlines the main elements of what the authors term a contemporary political economy of sacrifice. They argue that this results in charities that, rather than reducing inequalities, actually reproduce, normalize and legitimize the very system and exploitative relations that are responsible for these inequalities and environmental problems in the first place, while scattered and localized fixes sustain the illusion that things are getting better.
The shaken realist: Bernard Williams, the war, and philosophy as cultural critique
Authors: Krishnan Nikhil , Queloz Matthieu
Published: June 2022

Bernard Williams thought that philosophy should address real human concerns felt beyond academic philosophy. But what wider concerns are addressed byEthics and the Limits of Philosophy, a book he introduces as being “principally about how things are in moral philosophy”? In this article, we argue that Williams responded to the concerns of his day indirectly, refraining from explicitly claiming wider cultural relevance, but hinting at it in the pair of epigraphs that opens the main text. This was Williams's solution to what he perceived as the stylistic problem of how to pursue philosophy as cultural critique. Taking the epigraphs as interpretative keys to the wider resonances of the book, we show how they reveal Williams's philosophical concerns—with the primacy of character over method, the obligation to follow orders, and the possibility of combining truth, truthfulness, and a meaningful life in a disillusioned world—to be recognisably rooted in the cultural concerns of post‐war Britain. In the light of its epigraphs, the book emerges as the critique of a philosophical tradition's inadequacies to the special difficulties of its cultural moment.
Myopathy as a cause of fatigue in long‐term post‐COVID‐19 symptoms: Evidence of skeletal muscle histopathology
Authors: Hejbøl Eva K. , Harbo Thomas , Agergaard Jane , Madsen Line B. , Pedersen Thomas H. , Østergaard Lars J. , Andersen Henning , Schrøder Henrik D. , Tankisi Hatice
Published: June 2022

Background and purpose

Among post‐COVID‐19 symptoms, fatigue is reported as one of the most common, even after mild acute infection, and as the cause of fatigue, myopathy diagnosed by electromyography has been proposed in previous reports. This study aimed to explore the histopathological changes in patients with post‐COVID‐19 fatigue.

Methods

Sixteen patients (mean age = 46 years) with post‐COVID‐19 complaints of fatigue, myalgia, or weakness persisting for up to 14 months were included. In all patients, quantitative electromyography and muscle biopsies analyzed with light and electron microscopy were taken.

Results

Muscle weakness was present in 50% and myopathic electromyography in 75%, and in all patients there were histological changes. Muscle fiber atrophy was found in 38%, and 56% showed indications of fiber regeneration. Mitochondrial changes, comprising loss of cytochrome c oxidase activity, subsarcollemmal accumulation, and/or abnormal cristae, were present in 62%. Inflammation was found in 62%, seen as T lymphocytes and/or muscle fiber human leukocyte antigen ABC expression. In 75%, capillaries were affected, involving basal lamina and cells. In two patients, uncommon amounts of basal lamina were found, not only surrounding muscle fibers but also around nerves and capillaries.

Conclusions

The wide variety of histological changes in this study suggests that skeletal muscles may be a major target of SARS‐CoV‐2, causing muscular post‐COVID‐19 symptoms. The mitochondrial changes, inflammation, and capillary injury in muscle biopsies can cause fatigue in part due to reduced energy supply. Because most patients had mild–moderate acute affection, the new variants that might cause less severe acute disease could still have the ability to cause long‐term myopathy.
Comparative mitogenomics elucidates the population genetic structure of Amblyomma testudinarium in Japan and a closely related Amblyomma species in Myanmar
Authors: Mohamed Wessam Mohamed Ahmed , Moustafa Mohamed Abdallah Mohamed , Thu May June , Kakisaka Keita , Chatanga Elisha , Ogata Shohei , Hayashi Naoki , Taya Yurie , Ohari Yuma , Naguib Doaa , Qiu Yongjin , Matsuno Keita , Bawm Saw , Htun Lat Lat , Barker Stephen C. , Katakura Ken , Ito Kimihito , Nonaka Nariaki , Nakao Ryo
Published: June 2022

Ticks are the second most important vector capable of transmitting diseases affecting the health of both humans and animals. Amblyomma testudinarium Koch 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae), is a hard tick species having a wide geographic distribution in Asia. In this study, we analyzed the composition of A. testudinarium whole mitogenomes from various geographical regions in Japan and investigated the population structure, demographic patterns, and phylogeographic relationship with other ixodid species. In addition, we characterized a potentially novel tick species closely related to A. testudinarium from Myanmar. Phylogeographic inference and evolutionary dynamics based on the 15 mitochondrial coding genes supported that A. testudinarium population in Japan is resolved into a star‐like haplogroup and suggested a distinct population structure of A. testudinarium from Amami island in Kyushu region. Correlation analysis using Mantel test statistics showed that no significant correlation was observed between the genetic and geographic distances calculated between the A. testudinarium population from different localities in Japan. Finally, demographic analyses, including mismatch analysis and Tajima’s D test, suggested a possibility of recent population expansion occurred within Japanese haplogroup after a bottleneck event. Although A. testudinarium has been considered widespread and common in East and Southeast Asia, the current study suggested that potentially several cryptic Amblyomma spp. closely related to A. testudinarium are present in Asia.
An allozyme polymorphism is associated with a large chromosomal inversion in the marine snail Littorina fabalis
Authors: Le Moan Alan , Panova Marina , De Jode Aurélien , Ortega‐Martinez Olga , Duvetorp Mårten , Faria Rui , Butlin Roger , Johannesson Kerstin
Published: June 2022

Understanding the genetic targets of natural selection is one of the most challenging goals of population genetics. Some of the earliest candidate genes were identified from associations between allozyme allele frequencies and environmental variation. One such example is the clinal polymorphism in the arginine kinase (Ak) gene in the marine snail Littorina fabalis. While other enzyme loci do not show differences in allozyme frequencies among populations, the Ak alleles are near differential fixation across repeated wave exposure gradients in Europe. Here, we use this case to illustrate how a new sequencing toolbox can be employed to characterize the genomic architecture associated with historical candidate genes. We found that the Ak alleles differ by nine nonsynonymous substitutions, which perfectly explain the different migration patterns of the allozymes during electrophoresis. Moreover, by exploring the genomic context of the Ak gene, we found that the three main Ak alleles are located on different arrangements of a putative chromosomal inversion that reaches near fixation at the opposing ends of two transects covering a wave exposure gradient. This shows Ak is part of a large (3/4 of the chromosome) genomic block of differentiation, in which Ak is unlikely to be the only target of divergent selection. Nevertheless, the nonsynonymous substitutions among Ak alleles and the complete association of one allele with one inversion arrangement suggest that the Ak gene is a strong candidate to contribute to the adaptive significance of the inversion.
Ten years of demographic modelling of divergence and speciation in the sea
Authors: De Jode Aurélien , Le Moan Alan , Johannesson Kerstin , Faria Rui , Stankowski Sean , Westram Anja Marie , Butlin Roger K. , Rafajlović Marina , Fraïsse Christelle
Published: June 2022

Understanding population divergence that eventually leads to speciation is essential for evolutionary biology. High species diversity in the sea was regarded as a paradox when strict allopatry was considered necessary for most speciation events because geographical barriers seemed largely absent in the sea, and many marine species have high dispersal capacities. Combining genome‐wide data with demographic modelling to infer the demographic history of divergence has introduced new ways to address this classical issue. These models assume an ancestral population that splits into two subpopulations diverging according to different scenarios that allow tests for periods of gene flow. Models can also test for heterogeneities in population sizes and migration rates along the genome to account, respectively, for background selection and selection against introgressed ancestry. To investigate how barriers to gene flow arise in the sea, we compiled studies modelling the demographic history of divergence in marine organisms and extracted preferred demographic scenarios together with estimates of demographic parameters. These studies show that geographical barriers to gene flow do exist in the sea but that divergence can also occur without strict isolation. Heterogeneity of gene flow was detected in most population pairs suggesting the predominance of semipermeable barriers during divergence. We found a weak positive relationship between the fraction of the genome experiencing reduced gene flow and levels of genome‐wide differentiation. Furthermore, we found that the upper bound of the ‘grey zone of speciation’ for our dataset extended beyond that found before, implying that gene flow between diverging taxa is possible at higher levels of divergence than previously thought. Finally, we list recommendations for further strengthening the use of demographic modelling in speciation research. These include a more balanced representation of taxa, more consistent and comprehensive modelling, clear reporting of results and simulation studies to rule out nonbiological explanations for general results.
Outcome of ABO‐incompatible kidney transplantation using a modified desensitization protocol without plasmapheresis
Authors: Shinoda Kazunobu , Hyodo Yoji , Oguchi Hideyo , Mikami Tetuo , Nishikawa Kenta , Sakurabayashi Kei , Yonekura Takashi , Aoki Yujiro , Itabashi Yoshihiro , Muramatsu Masaki , Kawamura Takeshi , Sakai Ken , Shishido Seiichiro
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Several controversies regarding desensitization strategies for successful ABO‐incompatible (ABOi) kidney transplantation still exist. This study aimed to investigate whether pretransplant anti‐A/B antibody removal is mandatory in an ABOi kidney transplant recipient with low baseline isoagglutinin titers.

Methods

We adopted a modified desensitization protocol with two doses of rituximab (RTX, 100 mg/body) without pretransplant antibody removal for ABOi kidney transplant recipients with a titer of ≤1:64 (group A; n = 35) and investigated the feasibility of this protocol by comparing it with the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing standard pretransplant plasmapheresis (group B; n = 21).

Results

There was no significant difference in the rate of antibody‐mediated rejection within the first month after transplantation between the two groups (11.4% in group A vs. 2% in group B, p = 0.6019). Moreover, no differences were observed in the short‐ and long‐term graft outcomes between the groups. However, two major critical acute antibody‐mediated events occurred in group A; one patient lost the graft due to hyperacute rejection, and the other patient developed thrombotic microangiopathy after surgery. Risk factors predicting these perioperative complications were not identified.

Conclusions

We conclude that not only B‐cell depletion using RTX but also pretransplant antibody removal is still recommended even for patients with low isoagglutinin titers. In addition, a new diagnostic tool is needed for accurate risk stratification.
The expanding family of neutrophil‐derived extracellular vesicles
Authors: Marki Alex , Ley Klaus
Published: June 2022

Neutrophils are immune cells involved in several inflammatory and homeostatic processes. Their capacity to release cargo can be classified based on whether the cargo is released on its own, or in conjunction with plasma membrane structures. Examples of plasma membrane‐free secretion modes are degranulation, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release, and cytokine release through inflammasome formation. The most studied membrane‐covered neutrophil‐derived structures are exosomes and ectosomes that are collectively called extracellular vesicles (EV). Apoptotic vesicles are another recognized EV subtype. Over the last decade, additional membrane‐covered neutrophil‐derived structures were characterized: migratory cytoplasts, migrasomes, and elongated neutrophil‐derived structures (ENDS). All these structures are smaller than the neutrophils, cannot reproduce themselves, and thus meet the latest consensus definition of EVs. In this review, we focus on the less well‐studied neutrophil EVs: apoptotic vesicles, cytoplasts, migrasomes, and ENDS.
Perceived sleep quality predicts aggressive offending in adolescence and young adulthood
Authors: Brown Colleen , Beardslee Jordan , Frick Paul J. , Steinberg Laurence D. , Cauffman Elizabeth
Published: June 2022

Background

There are profound consequences when developing youth do not get adequate sleep. Adolescents who experience poor sleep may be more likely to engage in offending behavior. While there is a documented association between the number of hours youth sleep and their likelihood of offending, it is unclear how youths' perceptions of their sleep quality contribute to offending. Further, scholars have yet to rigorously examine the relation between sleep problems and offending in young adulthood, a developmental stage, which is both critical for desistance and in which sleep may play an important role.

Methods

Using a sample of 1,216 justice‐involved male youth, this study uses within‐individual longitudinal methods (fixed‐effects Poisson regression models) to examine the relation between changes in perceptions of sleep quality and changes in offending behavior from ages 13 to 24.

Results

Increases in sleep problems are associated with increases in offending, particularly aggressive/person‐related offenses, for both adolescents and young adults. This holds true even after controlling for time‐varying anxiety, substance use, and violence exposure.

Conclusions

Improving sleep quality may be critical for reducing aggressive behavior in at‐risk adolescents and young adults. Interventions that address sleep quality, and not just quantity, may be particularly beneficial.
Tp47 promoted the phagocytosis of HMC3 cells though autophagy induced by endoplamic reticlum stress
Authors: Li W. , Li Q.‐L. , Xu Q.‐Y. , Wang X.‐T. , Yang T.‐C.
Published: June 2022

Background

Central nervous system damage is an essential clinical feature that occurs in the early or late stages of syphilis infection. The abnormal enhancement of microglial phagocytosis can cause damage to the nervous system. However, the contribution of abnormally enhanced microglial phagocytosis to the pathogenesis of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (T. pallidum) infection remains unknown.

Objectives

In this study, we sought to determine the role of recombinant T. pallidum Tp47 in promoting microglia phagocytosis and its associated mechanisms.

Methods

Microglial HMC3 cells were used to investigate the effect of the Tp47 on phagocytosis and the roles of autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Tp47‐induced phagocytosis.

Results

HMC3 cells exhibited obvious phagocytosis when stimulated with Tp47. The levels of P62 degradation, Beclin1 expression and the LC3II/LC3I ratio were significantly elevated, and the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes was promoted in Tp47‐stimulated HMC3 cells. Treatment with the autophagy inhibitors 3‐MA and Baf A1 inhibited Tp47‐induced phagocytosis. Meanwhile, the endoplasmic reticulum stress markers PERK, IRE1α, GRP78, ATF4 and XBP1s were upregulated in Tp47‐stimulated HMC3 cells. In addition, we found that TUDCA could inhibit Tp47‐induced expression of IRE1α but not PERK or ATF4. 4‐PBA inhibited TP47‐induced PERK and ATF4 protein expression but did not inhibit IRE1α expression. Attenuation of endoplasmic reticulum stress by administration of TUDCA and 4‐PBA abrogated Tp47‐mediated autophagy.

Conclusions

These results suggested that Tp47 activated autophagy through two key pathways associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress, PERK/ATF4 and IRE1/XBP1, to promote phagocytosis in HMC3 cells. These findings provided a basis for the understanding of the pathophysiology of neurological disorders that occur during the course of syphilis.
Mid‐range theories about families: A primer and introduction to the special issue
Authors: Adamsons Kari , Crossman Kimberly A.
Published: June 2022

There is a dearth of research in family science that truly uses theory to inform its hypotheses, methods, analyses, and interpretation of findings. On the deductive side, scholars often engage in “post hoc theorizing,” adding on whatever theory seems to fit their findings after the fact, or fail to mention the theory at all. Similar problems exist with inductive research, with far more scholars claiming to use a grounded theory approach, for example, than actually engaging in the development of theory from their data. Mid‐range theories are a promising entry point for scholars to engage in theorizing. Mid‐range theories constitute the “middle ground” between formal theories and empirical generalizations, using theoretical constructs and propositions to explain or predict a particular phenomenon. This special issue brings together scholars across different theoretical frameworks and topics to theorize about families, and this introductory article presents strategies for teaching and engaging in mid‐range theorizing.
OsCPL3 is involved in brassinosteroid signaling by regulating OsGSK2 stability
Authors: Gong Luping , Liao Shenghao , Duan Wen , Liu Yongqiang , Zhu Dongmei , Zhou Xiaosheng , Xue Baoping , Chu Chengcai , Liang Yun‐Kuan
Published: June 2022

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) proteins play key roles in brassinosteroid (BR) signaling during plant growth and development by phosphorylating various substrates. However, how GSK3 protein stability and activity are themselves modulated is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate in vitro and in vivo that C‐TERMINAL DOMAIN PHOSPHATASE‐LIKE 3 (OsCPL3), a member of the RNA Pol II CTD phosphatase‐like family, physically interacts with OsGSK2 in rice (Oryza sativa). OsCPL3 expression was widely detected in various tissues and organs including roots, leaves and lamina joints, and was induced by exogenous BR treatment. OsCPL3 localized to the nucleus, where it dephosphorylated OsGSK2 at the Ser‐222 and Thr‐284 residues to modulate its protein turnover and kinase activity, in turn affecting the degradation of BRASSINAZOLE‐RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) and BR signaling. Loss of OsCPL3 function resulted in higher OsGSK2 abundance and lower OsBZR1 levels, leading to decreased BR responsiveness and alterations in plant morphology including semi‐dwarfism, leaf erectness and grain size, which are of fundamental importance to crop productivity. These results reveal a previously unrecognized role for OsCPL3 and add another layer of complexity to the tightly controlled BR signaling pathway in plants.
Effects of freeze–thaw cycles on the texture of Nanguo pear
Authors: Cao Xuehui , Bai Ge , Zheng Jianrong , Zhu Danshi , Li Jianrong
Published: June 2022

Freezing is a way to preserve the quality of fruit for a long time. Nanguo pear stored at low temperature is prone to browning and lignification. In this study, freeze–thaw cycles were used to simulate the temperature fluctuation in the process, storage, and transportation. The texture properties were taken as the research focus to analyze the lignification phenomenon of Nanguo pear under freeze–thaw cycles. The results showed that freeze–thaw treatment significantly reduced the firmness and propectin content of Nanguo pear, increased the content of stone cells in the fruit, but also destroyed the size of stone cells in the fruit. However, with the increase of freezing–thawing cycles, the content of lignin, stone cell content, and PAL activity increased significantly, while the content of chlorogenic acid increased first and then decreased. These results are helpful to further understand the correlation between texture change with fruit firmness and formation mechanism of stone cells during freeze–thaw cycles of Nanguo pear.
Improving detectability of dolphin signature whistles for capture‐recapture analysis: an examination of array configuration using real‐world data
Authors: Fearey Jack , H. Elwen Simon , Distiller Greg , Gridley Tess
Published: June 2022

Abundance estimates of cetaceans are often acquired through capture‐recapture analysis of photographically identified individuals. An alternative method, using capture‐recapture of individually distinct signature whistles detected from acoustic underwater recording units, has recently been demonstrated. Here we investigate the effect of array configuration (1–3 hydrophones within 0.45 km2) and recording duty cycles (six variations of 33%, 50%, or 66% sampling periods) on the detection rate of dolphin signature whistles. Twenty‐one signature whistle types were identified and used to create capture histories for each hydrophone and all potential array configurations. Open population models were used to estimate capture probabilities and precision for all data sets. The effect of different duty cycles on detectability were investigated by artificially applying six duty cycles to the continuously recorded data. Results demonstrate that location is more important than redundancy in small‐scale arrays, even with detection distances as small as 750 m, and that duty cycling can increase survey durations without decreasing detectability. To acoustically sample intermittent signals of dispersed populations, it is more effective to space hydrophones further apart, in known high‐use areas. This study provides insight into the application of capture‐recapture to signature whistles, improving methods for long‐term, noninvasive monitoring of elusive delphinids.
Body care of older people in different institutionalized settings: A systematic mapping review of international nursing research from a Scandinavian perspective
Authors: Rosendal Kirstine A. , Lehn Sine , Overgaard Dorthe
Published: June 2022

Body care is considered a key aspect of nursing and imperative for the health, wellbeing, and dignity of older people. In Scandinavian countries, body care as a professional practice has undergone considerable changes, bringing new understandings, values, and dilemmas into nursing. A systematic mapping review was conducted with the aims of identifying and mapping international nursing research on body care of older people in different institutionalized settings in the healthcare system and to critically discuss the dominant assumptions within the research by adapting a problematization approach. Most identified papers reported on empirical research with a biomedical approach focusing on outcome and effectiveness. Conceptual papers, papers with a focus on the perspectives of the older people, or contextual and material aspects were lacking. The research field is dominated by four dominant assumptions: Body care as an evidence‐based practice, body care as a relational ethical practice, the body as a body‐object and a body‐subject, the objects in the body care practices as nonrelational materialities. Given the complexities of professional body care practices, there is a need for other research designs and theoretical perspectives within nursing that expand our understanding of body care taking into consideration the multiple social and material realities.
The war in Ukraine: Perspectives from peace history—A preliminary roundtable
Authors: Shaffer Robert
Published: June 2022

The February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine raises vital questions for peace activists and for those who study efforts to provide peaceful alternatives to international conflict. Five frequent contributors to Peace & Change present brief analyses of the current tragic circumstances in Ukraine, and international reactions to these circumstances, based on perspectives gleaned from peace activism and from studies of peace history.
Global policies to reduce pandemic intensified violence against women
Authors: Marye Stacey , Atav Serdar
Published: June 2022

Violence against women (VAW) worsened globally during the Covid‐19 pandemic lockdowns. For example, a woman in France was killed every 3 days during lockdown. At the same time in South Africa, a woman was killed every 3 h. This paper presents and analyzes the risk factors that have worsened during the Covid‐19 pandemic lockdowns and the subsequent economic consequences of mitigation policies. The purpose of this paper is twofold: (a) to conduct a critical review of international extant literature regarding government policies related to VAW since the beginning of the worldwide Covid‐19 pandemic lockdowns that began in early 2020, and (b) to suggest opportunities for nurses to influence health policy development and social norms related to VAW. Thematic synthesis of the findings present interventions that helped to mitigate VAW during Covid‐19 and is followed by a discussion of findings in relation to social determinants of health and human rights. A gender‐based policy approach that focuses on the human right to be free of all forms of violence must be a leading strategy as governments reallocate resources and rebuild economies in the wake of this pandemic.
Replacement of fish meal with fermented plant proteins in the aquafeed industry: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mugwanya Muziri , Dawood Mahmoud A. O. , Kimera Fahad , Sewilam Hani
Published: June 2022

In the aquaculture feed industry, fishmeal is widely used as a source of animal protein due to its high palatability, excellent amino acid profile and increased digestibility. However, the incorporation of fishmeal in aquaculture diets increases the costs of production due to the declining wild fish stocks hence an urgent need to search for sustainable and cheaper alternative protein sources. The use of fermented plant proteins as substitutes for fishmeal in aquaculture diets has recently gained attention due to their improved nutritional quality, easy availability and low costs. Therefore, a systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted to quantify the effects of fermented plant proteins as substitutes for fishmeal on the growth performance, feed utilisation, survival, antioxidant, metabolic and digestive enzyme activity of several aquaculture species. Results of the meta‐analysis indicated that replacement of fishmeal with fermented plant proteins in aquaculture diets enhanced the growth performance, feed utilisation, antioxidant and digestive enzyme activities of several aquaculture species regardless of experimental duration and source of fermented plant protein. Likewise, metabolic enzyme activity (i.e., Alanine aminotransferase and Aspartate aminotransferase) was reduced in experimental dietary treatment groups relative to the fishmeal control groups. To elucidate the influence of moderators on the observed effect sizes, a mixed‐effects model was conducted and the results indicated that fishmeal substitution levels and aquaculture species influenced the observed effect sizes in both antioxidant and digestive enzyme activity. No significant differences were noted in survival between the experimental dietary treatment groups and fishmeal control diets among all aquaculture species. However, carnivorous marine species exhibited lower values for specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio in experimental dietary treatment groups compared to the fishmeal control diets. Likewise, freshwater species exhibited poor FCR values in experimental dietary treatment groups relative to the fishmeal control diets. Overall, the replacement of fishmeal with fermented plant proteins in aquaculture diets is a safe and viable solution for increased and sustainable aquaculture production.
Do noneconomic damage caps reduce medical malpractice insurance premiums? Evidence from North Carolina
Authors: Yu Hao , Baker Olesya
Published: June 2022

The impact of medical malpractice reforms, especially caps on noneconomic damages, is of special interest to policymakers and physicians. Adopting such caps has become rare during the past decade, and most existing analyses study state reforms occurring during periods of dramatic rises in malpractice insurance rates. This study contributes to the literature by examining how caps implemented in noncrisis periods affect malpractice premiums. It examines the effect of the 2011 North Carolina's adoption of a noneconomic damages cap by comparing county‐level malpractice premiums for three specialties between North Carolina and states without caps both before and after the reform. It finds little evidence of pre‐existing trends, followed by a lagged but significant reduction in premiums for each of the studied specialties in North Carolina. The timing and size of the effects are comparable to findings from the literature studying malpractice reforms passed during times of more dramatic liability trends.
Immigration, welfare, and inequality: How much does the labor market specification matter?
Authors: Docquier Frédéric , Ikhenaode Bright Isaac , Scheewel Hendrik
Published: June 2022

General equilibrium models are frequently used to estimate the effect of immigration on welfare and inequality in the host country. Existing studies differ in the way they formalize the labor market implications for natives, which in turn govern the strength of the other transmission mechanisms. To assess the extent to which the choice of the labor market specification influences the findings, we build an encompassing model that distinguishes between broad classes of individuals. We calibrate it for 20 selected OECD member states, and compare several specifications involving different assumptions on labor supply decisions, unemployment rates, and wage formation, as well as different calibration strategies. The size and the sign of the average welfare and distributional effects of immigration are robust to the labor market specification. Endogenizing unemployment and participation rates leads to slightly better welfare and distributional effects in most OECD countries but overall, adding margins of labor market adjustment barely affects the findings of models based on simpler assumptions.