bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association Between HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Sexual Activity Behavior Among Indonesian Couples Aged 20 to 40: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Niniek Budiarti Burhan  , Jerry Reyhan Wardanna  , Ayunda Dewi Jayanti Jilan Putri  , Dicky Faizal Irnandi
Published: June 2024

Background : In Indonesia, the escalating prevalence of STDs and HIV/AIDS poses a significant health challenge. The transmission of HIV occurs through various modes, including unsafe sexual behaviors and mother-to-baby transmission. Insufficient knowledge regarding STDs and sexual education contributes to the rising of HIV/AIDS cases.
Objective : To investigate the relationship between knowledge of HIV/AIDS and sexual activity behavior among couples aged 20 to 40 in Indonesia.
Methods : A cross-sectional study involving 384 Indonesian couples was conducted using a causal associative technique. Purposive sampling was employed to select participants aged 20 to 40, familiar with STDs, engaged in various relationship statuses (dating, married, or in a relationship without formal status), and willing to complete the questionnaire. The variables used to quantify respondents' knowledge levels included understanding of HIV/AIDS, HIV/AIDS transmission, and HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment. The variable measuring couples' sexual activity pertained to their involvement in HIV/AIDS preventive activities.
Results : Analysis of the data revealed that 282 respondents (73.4%) demonstrated good knowledge, 73 respondents (19%) exhibited moderate knowledge, and 29 respondents (7.6%) displayed poor knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS. Among the participants, 202 respondents (52.6%) expressed support for safe sex, indicating engagement in HIV/AIDS preventive activities, while 182 others (47.4%) did not. T-test results for the variables of HIV/AIDS understanding, transmission, prevention, and treatment yielded values of 0.259 (>0.05), 0.259 (>0.05), 0.264 (>0.05), and 0.522 (>0.05) for the F-test.
Conclusion : The study concludes that couples' knowledge of HIV/AIDS does not exert a significant influence on their sexual activity behavior.
Post-Preparation Total Motile Sperm Count in Infertile Men and The Success Rate of Intrauterine Insemination at Rumah Sakit Kasih Ibu Denpasar in 2022
Authors: Wibawa I Kadek Sadam , I Gusti Ngurah Pramesemara  , I Made Oka Negara  , I Gusti Ayu Widianti
Published: June 2024

Background: Every married couple hopes to have children, but not all can fulfil that desire. A married couple finds themselves unable to achieve pregnancy after 12 months of regular unprotected sexual intercourse, which can be called infertility. Infertility can also occur in men. In dealing with infertility, intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a cost-effective and non-invasive Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) procedure. The condition of male infertility can be detected through semen analysis. One of the parameters in semen analysis is the total motile sperm count (TMSC).
Objective: This research seeks to establish the relationship between post-preparation TMSC and the success rate of the IUI procedure.
Methods: This research adopts a descriptive-analytical design employing a cross-sectional methodology. Non-probability sampling was utilized as the sampling technique, and the data analyzed were secondary data from the medical records of male patients aged 25 to 45 years old diagnosed with infertility. The subjects had undergone IUI at Rumah Sakit Kasih Ibu Denpasar from January 1 to December 31, 2022.
Results: From the 35 obtained samples, 12 individuals (34.3%) had a post-preparation TMSC of ≥10 × 106, while 23 individuals (65.7%) had a post-preparation TMSC of <10 × 106. The success rate of the Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) procedure was 17.1%, with 4 couples (33.3%) having a post-preparation TMSC of ≥10 × 106 and 2 couples (8.7%) with a post-preparation TMSC of <10 × 106. The Fisher's Exact test carried out has obtained a result (p=0.151), while the value of the odds ratio (OR) obtained (OR=5.250)
Conclusion: Based on statistical analysis, it can be concluded that there is no significant association between post-preparation TMSC in infertile men and the success rate of IUI procedures (p > 0.05). The odds ratio (OR) obtained is 5.250 (95% CI 0.799-34.496).
Association Between Andropause and Demographic Factors with Depression Among Police Officers In Bali
Authors: Depa Yosep Ardian , Pramesemara I Gusti Ngurah , Negara I Made Oka , Wardana I Nyoman Gede
Published: June 2024

Background : Andropause is a health problem in men caused by a decrease in free testosterone levels. Depression is a mental disorder that happens with a person that is related to mood.Objective : This research aims to determine the relationship between Andropause and Depression in police officers in Polda Bali in 2023.
Methods : This research is a descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional study design. Andropause was assessed using the ADAM questionnaire, and depression was assessed using the PHQ- 9 questionnaire. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique.
Results : There were 60 respondents in this study. A total of 31 people (51.7%) respondents were positive for Andropause, and 29 people (48.3%) were negative for Andropause. Meanwhile, 12 people (20.0%) of respondents experienced mild depression, and 48 people (80.0%) did not experience depression. Ten (10) respondents experienced Andropause with Depression. There is a significant relationship between Andropause and Depression (p=0.003). The odds ratio (OR 95% CI) obtained was 6.429 (1.270-32.541). Also there is a significant relationship between Stress and Depression with p<0,001 (0,000), with OR 21 (4,4-100,1)
Conclusion : The majority of police officers in Polda Bali were found to experience Andropause and Depression, as many as 10 people (32.3%). As age increases, the incidence of Andropause increases, and in the respondent population, most of whom are in the mid-life crisis period, it increases the possibility of depression. Police officers in Polda Bali with Andropause have a 6.429 times greater risk of experiencing depression
The Mali-France Counterterrorism Cooperation: The Influence of Mali’s National Identity Change on Its Foreign Policy Making
Authors: Prasetyo Andi Dwi
Published: June 2024

Mali telah mengalami ketidakstabilan politik dan keamanan yang menyebabkan konflik terorisme yang parah sejak tahun 2012. Dalam upaya war against terrorism, Mali bekerja sama dengan Prancis untuk meningkatkan stabilitas keamanan dan eradikasi sel-sel teroris. Namun setelah hampir sepuluh tahun, Prancis menarik pasukannya dari Mali akibat tidak kooperatifnya Mali dengan puncaknya pada pemutusan kerja sama keamanan yang ditandatangani tahun 2014. Penelitian ini menelaah terkait pertanyaan mengapa Mali mengambil kebijakan yang berisiko pada kontra produktifnya war against terrorism Mali. Peneliti menganalisis fenomena ini menggunakan konsep source of change dan teori aspirational constructivism. Dengan menggunakan studi pustaka dan analisis data, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh perubahan identitas nasional Mali dari nasionalisme berbasis etno-politis (Mande) menjadi nasionalisme berbasis kolonial melalui uji historisis dan rasional. Identitas ini muncul setelah konstruksi elite berdasarkan aspirasi historisis komunal dari pengalaman kolonialisme yang dilakukan oleh Prancis di wilayah Mali. Berdasarkan fakta tersebut, dapat diketahui bahwa terjadi pergeseran orientasi kerja sama keamanan Mali dari Prancis yang diperkuat oleh bukti berupa penghentian kerja sama keamanan tahun 2014 pada tahun 2022.
Kata-kata Kunci: Identitas; Nasionalisme; Kolonial; Mali; Prancis
 Mali has experienced political and security instability which has led to a severe terrorist conflict since 2012. In an effort to war against terrorism, Mali has collaborated with France to increase security stability and eradicate terrorist cells. However, after nearly ten years, France withdrew its troops from Mali as a result of Mali's non-cooperation, with the culmination of the termination of the security cooperation signed in 2014. This research examines why Mali has pursued a risky policy that proves counterproductive in its war against terrorism. The author uses the concept of the source of change and the theory of aspirational constructivism. By using literature study and data analysis employing historicist and rational tests, the author concludes that there is an influence of Mali's national identity changes from ethno-political nationalism (Mande) to colonial-based nationalism. This identity arose after the construction of the elite based on the communal historicist aspirations of the colonialism experience which carried out by the French in  Mali. Based on this fact, we can see there has been a shift in the orientation of Mali's security cooperation away from France, evidenced by the termination of 2014 security cooperation in 2022.
Keywords: Identity; Nationalism; Colonial; Mali; France
Exploring the Future of Climate Change and Political Violence in Indonesia
Authors: Ayanoglu Harun Talha
Published: June 2024

This article investigates the complex dynamics between climate change and political violence, emphasizing their multifaceted relationship. Resorting to the three-pillar model distilled from the climate-conflict literature, it explores how climate change interacts with existing socioeconomic and political vulnerabilities, amplifying the risk of conflict. Focusing on Indonesia as a case study, the article examines the intersection of climate exposure, sociopolitical fragility, and terrorism. The country’s exposure to sea-level rise, flooding, and water stress heightens concerns over food and water security, while the persistent threat of religiously motivated terrorism exacerbates the complexity. As global climate change accelerates, the potential for increased political violence grows. Mitigating these vulnerabilities and strengthening governance will be essential for Indonesia’s resilience in the face of climate change.
Keywords: Climate change, Political violence, terrorism, Indonesia
Artikel ini menyelidiki dinamika yang rumit antara perubahan iklim dan kekerasan politik, dengan menekankan pada hubungan multi- dimensi yang dimiliki. Artikel ini meneliti bagaimana interaksi antara perubahan iklim dan kerentanan sosial ekonomi serta politik yang ada dapat memperbesar resiko konflik yang terjadi dengan menggunakan model tiga pilar yang didapatkan dari literatur tentang iklim dan konflik. Indonesia sebagai fokus dari studi kasus, artikel ini meneliti hubungan antara paparan iklim, kerapuhan sosial politik, dan terorisme. Paparan negara terhadap kenaikan permukaan air laut, banjir, dan kelangkaan air meningkatkan kekhawatiran terhadap ketersediaan pangan dan air, sementara ancaman terorisme yang terus berlanjut turut memperumit keadaan. Seiring dengan percepatan perubahan iklim global, potensi kekerasan politik yang terjadi turut meningkat. Upaya mitigasi terhadap kerentanan ini dan dengan memperkuat pengelolaan yang dilakukan akan menjadi penting untuk Indonesia dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim yang terjadi.
Kata-kata Kunci: Perubahan Iklim, Kekerasan Politik, Terorisme, Indonesia
Indonesian-Timor Leste Western Demarcation Line Dispute Settlement on Unresolved Segment of Neoliberalism Perspective: Endeavors and Challenges
Authors: Korbaffo Yosef Serano , Kalembang Elpius , Nurak Ronaldus
Published: June 2024

This article discusses the resolution of the land border dispute between Indonesia and Timor Leste at Bidjaele Sunan-Oben and Noelbesi-Citrana, two points that are classified as unresolved segments. Border negotiations between the two countries have been going on since 2000 and only two remain, namely Bidjaele Sunan-Oben and Noelbesi-Citrana, due to the different perceptions of the two countries at these points. In 2019, a final agreement regarding the two points was reached and outlined in the Agreed Principles on The Final Settlement 2019. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Using the theory of neoliberalism, this article finds that the cooperation between Indonesia and Timor Leste through the mediation of international regimes has proven effective in resolving land border disputes at the two points in question. However, the Covid-19 epidemic and Timor Leste’s absence from demarcation activities continue to obstruct the two countries’ technical settlement.
Keywords: Neoliberalism, International Regime, Land Boundary Disputes, Unresolved Segment, Indonesia-Timor Leste
Artikel ini mendiskusikan penyelesaian sengketa batas darat Indonesia dan Timor Leste di Bidjaele Sunan-Oben dan Noelbesi-Citrana, dua titik yang tergolong unresolved segment. Perundingan batas kedua negara Leste telah dimulai sejak tahun 2000 hingga saat ini. Proses tersebut menyisahkan 2 titik tersisa yakni Bidjaele Sunan-Oben dan Noelbesi-Citrana akibat adanya perbedaan persepsi kedua negara pada titik dimaksud. Pada tahun 2019, kesepakatan final terkait kedua titik tersebut berhasil dicapai dan dituangkan dalam Agreed Principles on The Final Settlement 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Dengan menggunakan teori neoliberalisme, artikel ini menemukan bahwa kerjasama Indonesia dan Timor Leste melalui perantaraan rezim internasional terbukti ampuh dalam menyelesaikan sengketa batas darat pada kedua titik dimaksud. Namun Pandemi Covid-19 dan ketidakhadiran Timor Leste dalam kegiatan demarkasi masih menjadi penghambat penyelesaian teknis kedua negara.
Kata-kata kunci: Neoliberalisme, Rezim Internasional, Sengketa Batas Darat, Unresolved Segment, Indonesia-Timor Leste
Building Democracy In Latin America: United States Foreign Aid For Haiti
Authors: Arindrayani Angelica
Published: June 2024

This article provides an overview, implications, and challenges that arise at the intersection of international political, economic, social, and environmental dilemmas that intervened in Haiti's efforts to build the stability of its democracy during the pre-Cold War period until recently. By providing United States Agency for International Development (USAID)'s trend of democratic assistance to the Latin American region and the presidential leadership model that may explain Haiti's failure to combat political instability, this article has positioned the Haitian government as a contributor to Haiti's permanent crisis, with the role of an elite society taking control of the interim government system and the civil society as the party to bear the consequences. The occurrence of a devastating earthquake has tested Haiti and resulted in more and more Haitians migrating to the United States. This condition exacerbated Haiti's status as a "failed state" and the need for sustained commitment and long-term international stabilization efforts. By applying the analytical explanatory method, the results show that if Haiti is to escape its permanent political instability, a more comprehensive policy-making paradigm shift is needed beyond just democratic assistance from USAID.
Keywords: Democratic Aid, Haiti, USAID, Democracy, Foreign Aid.
Artikel ini mengulas ikhtisar, implikasi, dan tantangan yang muncul di persimpangan dilema politik, ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan internasional yang mengintervensi Haiti dalam upaya membangun stabilitas demokrasinya selama periode sebelum Perang Dingin hingga baru-baru ini. Dengan menyediakan tren bantuan demokratis Badan Pembangunan Internasional Amerika Serikat (USAID) ke wilayah Amerika Latin dan model kepemimpinan presiden yang mungkin bisa menjadi alasan atas tidak berhasilnya Haiti melawan ketidakstabilan politik, artikel ini telah menempatkan pemerintah Haiti sebagai kontributor krisis permanen Haiti, dengan peran masyarakat elit yang mengambil alih kontrol sistem pemerintahan sementara masyarakat sipil menjadi pihak menanggung akibatnya. Adapun terjadinya gempa bumi dahsyat telah menguji Haiti dan mengakibatkan semakin banyak penduduk Haiti yang bermigrasi ke Amerika Serikat. Kondisi ini kemudian memperburuk status Haiti sebagai sebuah "negara gagal" dan perlunya komitmen berkelanjutan serta upaya stabilisasi internasional berjangka panjang. Dengan menerapkan metode eksplanatif secara analitis, hasil menunjukkan bahwa jika Haiti ingin melepaskan diri dari ketidakstabilan politik permanennya, diperlukan pergeseran paradigma pembuat kebijakan yang lebih komprehensif daripada hanya sekedar bantuan demokratis dari USAID.
Kata-kata kunci: Bantuan Demokratis, Haiti, USAID, Demokrasi, Bantuan Luar Negeri.
The Urgency to Use the Rabat Plan of Action in the Hate Speech Offense
Authors: Mahdi Octavia Rahma , Rinwigati Patricia
Published: June 2024

The broad spectrum of hate speech makes it difficult for law enforcement officials to identify which speech can be punished. This difficulty creates uncertainty in law enforcement and potentially triggers injustice. Therefore, this article emphasizes the importance of assessing the multidimensional aspects accommodated in the Rabat Plan Action instrument to determine hate speech. The Rabat Plan of Action instrument is one of the international human rights instruments drafted to handle acts of hate speech without regard to the right to freedom of expression. The Rabat Plan of Action has six elements: context, position and status of the speaker, intention, content and form of speech, range, and possibility and potential for harm. In this article, Rabat Plan of Action was applied to the case of Bambang Tri Mulyono, who believed that President Joko Widodo’s diploma was fake and his speech had been uploaded on a YouTube video. The simulation results confirm that the Rabat Plan of Action can effectively provide directions for extracting legal facts and related events so that law enforcement officials can find clues in determining the occurrence of hate speech. Based on these results, the Rabat Plan of Action should be adopted at the national level to complement the legal instruments for handling acts of hate speech.
1960’LARIN TEKNOLOJİSİ VE 2001: A SPACE ODYSSEY FİLMİNİN MİMARLIK ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ
Authors: Alp Nese
Published: June 2024

Hızla gelişen teknolojik ilerlemeler ve sanatsal ifadelerin kavşağında, 1968 yılında S. Kubrick tarafından yönetilen ve A. C Clarke’ın etkileyici anlatısı “The Sentinel”ın sinematik bir uyarlaması olarak sunulan “2001: A Space Odyssey,” derinlemesine insan evrimi, teknolojik ilerleme ve yapay zeka gibi alanları keşfeden özgün bir bilim kurgu filmidir. Film, çığır açan görsel yenilikler ve fütüristik mekan ve yaşam tasvirleri üzerine kurulmuştur. Makalede, bilgisayar destekli tasarım (CAD), bilgisayar destekli üretim (CAM), kinetik mimarlık ve yapay zeka (AI) alanlarındaki gelişmelerle, aynı dönemde üretilen bu bilim kurgu filmi, bu alanlar üzerinden incelenmektedir. İncelemelerle 2001: A Space Odyssey” filmiyle fütüristik temaların ve teknolojik öngörülerin çağdaş mimari ve ilgili teknolojilerle nasıl etkileşime girdiğinin ve filmin günümüzde görünen mimari etkilerinin ortaya koyulması amaçlanmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, filmin çağdaş mimari üzerindeki potansiyel etkileri ve yansımaları ele alınmaktadır. Ayrıca benzer konuları barındıran ve sonraki yıllarda vizyona giren filmler örneklenmektedir. Kuram, görselleştirme ve modellemeler sürekli birbirlerinden beslenirler. Filmler, bilim ve sanatın entegrasyonuyla geleceğe vizyoner katkılar yapmanın yollarını da göstermektedir. Bu perspektiften film incelendiğinde filmin yüksek teknoloji ile üretilen birçok mimari yapı tasarımı, inşaat veya donanımı için bir ilham kaynağı olabildiği görülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, sinemanın bilimden ilham alan anlatılarıyla bugüne ve geleceğe vizyoner katkılar yapabileceğine işaret edilmektedir
Citizen science and its applicability for sustainability and a healthy planet
Authors: Bhandari Medani P.
Published: June 2024

This paper provides an overview of citizen science and its applicability for advancing sustainability and promoting a healthy planet. It begins by defining citizen science and highlighting its significance in actively empowering volunteers to participate in scientific research and data collection. The study then examines the wide-ranging applicability of citizen science across various domains, including biodiversity monitoring, environmental monitoring, public health research, community science and advocacy, climate change research, education, urban planning, disaster response, and resilience. Each domain thoroughly examines how citizen science initiatives provide practical benefits through their collaborative nature. They contribute valuable data and insights to inform decision-making processes and support sustainable development efforts. The paper also discusses the complementary relationship between citizen science and indigenous knowledge, underlining the importance of diverse perspectives in addressing environmental challenges. This paper provides a theoretical framework for understanding citizen science and its interrelationship with indigenous knowledge and tradition. It underscores the value of both traditional and scientific knowledge systems. Citizen science, with its potential to build a more resilient, equitable, and sustainable world, offers a promising approach. It instills a sense of hope and optimism in the audience, highlighting its transformative power.
Maximum daily precipitation in Iran (1979-2018)
Authors: Poorkarim Roya , Asakereh Hossein , Martín-Vide Javier
Published: June 2024

This article deals with daily precipitation intensities. The maximum daily precipitation values were calculated for return periods of 10, 20, 50, and 100 years using the daily precipitation levels recorded at 42 meteorological stations between 1979 and 2018. Three extreme value probability distribution adjustments were used to do this: Weibull, Generalized Extreme Value, and Gumbel. While all fit the annual maximum daily rainfall series well, Weibull produces lower values than the other two distribution methods. The results show considerable differences between the Caspian fringe in the north, with values reaching 300 mm in Ramsar for a return period of 50 years, and some of the more arid eastern areas of the country, where values were less than 40 mm. An area near the Strait of Hormuz in the south was also identified as having high values. The maximum daily precipitation correlates positively with the annual total and negatively with altitude.
Obligatory Necessity Theory: Elements and Facts Influenced by the Intensity of the Specific Physical Concept
Authors: Cardoso Carlos Eduardo Ramos
Published: June 2024

The theory says that the first things to exist in the universe and the current moment were driven by an imperative need; that is, the intensities of the physical concept specify influence the existence of elements and facts based on the countless observations in physical spaces in relation to elements and facts. The existence of mandatory elements in space is motivated by the characteristics of the spaces that offer conditions for such an obligation. The theory states that the universe did not arise by chance; that is, the universe emerged through determination influenced by its surroundings. The objective of the study is to help explain the elements and facts of the universe from its origins to the present.
The Synergy Between Supply Chain Agility and Marketing Flexibility: A Qualitative Study of Adaptation Strategies in Turbulent Markets
Authors: Holloway Samuel
Published: June 2024

In today's volatile and competitive business landscape, achieving synergy between supply chain agility and marketing flexibility is imperative for organizations striving to enhance resilience and maintain competitiveness. This qualitative study explores the integration of these strategic elements and their impact on organizational performance in turbulent markets. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders from diverse industries to capture insights into adaptation strategies, challenges, and outcomes associated with aligning supply chain agility and marketing flexibility. Findings reveal that supply chain agility, characterized by rapid response capabilities to disruptions and fluctuating demands, is essential for optimizing operational efficiency and maintaining continuity in uncertain environments. Meanwhile, marketing flexibility enables organizations to adjust strategies swiftly based on real-time market insights, enhancing customer engagement and market responsiveness. The study identifies organizational silos, resistance to change, and technological limitations as primary barriers to achieving seamless integration. Benefits of synergy include improved customer satisfaction, accelerated time-to-market for new products, and enhanced competitive advantage through personalized marketing strategies and optimized resource allocation. Moreover, organizations that effectively integrate supply chain agility with marketing flexibility reported greater innovation, employee satisfaction, and sustainable growth.
Hypoxia as a Target for Combination with Transarterial Chemoembolization in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Zizhuo , Li Qing , Liang Bin
Published: June 2024

Hypoxia is a hallmark of solid tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hypoxia has proved to be involved in multiple tumor biological processes and associated with malignant progression and resistance to therapy. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a well-established locoregional therapy for patients with unresectable HCC. However, TACE-induced hypoxia regulates tumor angiogenesis, energy metabolism, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and immune processes through hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), which may have adverse effects on the therapeutic efficacy of TACE. Hypoxia has emerged as a promising target for combination with TACE in treatment of HCC. This review summarizes impact of hypoxia on HCC tumor biology, adverse effects of TACE-induced hypoxia on its therapeutic efficacy, highlighting the therapeutic potential of hypoxia-targeted therapy in combination with TACE for HCC.
Accuracy Assessment of Estimated River Water Surface Elevations from Landsat 8 and 9 Imagery among Twenty Water Indices
Authors: Pan Feifei
Published: June 2024

A method for estimating river water surface elevation (WSE) from Landsat imagery using the river inundation area - water surface elevation (RIA-WSE) rating curve constructed from the U.S. Geological Survey Topobathymetric Elevation Model (TEM) data was developed and tested at six gauging stations along the upper Mississippi River. The Otsu's automatic threshold selection algorithm was employed for the image classification and estimation of inundation areas within each pre-defined polygon around each gauging station. In addition to the commonly used green-band based water indices, Landsat 8 and 9 OLI's ultra-blue, blue, and red band-based water indices were also tested in this study, which resulted in twenty different water indices: NDWIv (Normalized Difference Water Index), MNDWI1v and MNDWI2v (Modified Normalized Difference Water Index), AWEIsv (Automatic Water Extraction Index with shadow), and AWEInsv (AWEI without shadow), where v represents the visible light band used in the water index. At each station, about 60-80 Landsat 8 or 9 images during 2013-2023 were used for assessing the performances of the twenty water indices through comparing the estimated WSEs with the measured WSEs. Results showed that the ultra-blue or red band-based AWEIs yielded the most accurate estimations of WSEs among the twenty tested water indices.
Tracking Detectors in Nuclear Physics: An Overview
Authors: Vesić Jelena
Published: June 2024

Advances in accelerator technology have enabled the use of exotic and intense radioactive ion beams. Enhancements to tracking detectors are necessary to accommodate increased particle rates. Recent advancements in digital electronics have led to the construction or planning of next-generation detectors. To conduct kinematically complete measurements, it is essential to track and detect all particles produced as a result of the reaction. Furthermore, the need for high-precision physics experiments has led to significant developments in the detector field. In recent years, highly efficient and highly granular tracking detectors have been developed. These detectors significantly enhance the physics programme at dedicated facilities. An overview of the charged-particle tracking detectors in low-energy nuclear physics will be given.
Implikasi Artificial Intelligence Pada Aspek Perpajakan
Authors: Rahayu Puji
Published: June 2024

The presence of artificial intelligence (AI) has changed business practices and has had an impact on employment and professions. Meanwhile, the income received by workers and professionals is the object of income tax. If there is a decrease in labor revenue and professional service users, it may also be followed by a decrease in tax revenue from the income tax sector. The purpose of this study is to determine the implications of AI on taxation aspects. This research uses qualitative methods with descriptive data analysis. The results show that AI has a positive impact on making it easier for taxpayers to carry out tax obligations, improve tax services, detect tax fraud, and potentially increase tax revenue from the Income Tax Article (ITA) 17 (2), Value Added Tax (VAT), and ITA 23 sectors for delivery services. The negative impact of AI is a decrease in tax revenue from ITA 21 or ITA 23 for expert services, followed by a decrease in personal income tax for these experts and employees. Recommendations for domicile tax certificate (DGT) as a consideration for making policies related to income tax for the use of AI. In addition, as a consideration, it also makes regulations for the Ministry of Manpower to protect professional experts and labor, the Ministry of Communication and Information to protect AI user data, the Ministry of Education and Culture to protect the profession of educators and review the use of AI in education, IAI the education compartment as a consideration for planning a curriculum for accounting education to keep pace with technological developments or AI.
Improved Smart Memory Design Structure and Processor Framework for Embedded System
Authors: S Maheshwaran , R Prabakaran , R Kanimozhi
Published: June 2024

Digital cameras, sensor technologies and diagnostic imaging technologies are recent additions to the ever-growing list of embedded systems applications. A substantial number of activities in current multiprocessor embedded devices are executed on common processors, and associated complicated connections are handled through shared communication networks. Non-volatile, solid-state reliable, inexpensive and high-density NAND flash memory has quickly become an essential component in embedded systems. Embedded systems designers face a formidable obstacle in the design limits imposed by embedded systems, compounded by the rising need to reduce costs and time-to-market. Hence this paper, Effective Programmable Model (EPM) with NAND flash memory has been proposed for compute-intensive embedded applications. To keep delivery costs down, the processor design uses instruction registers, while a hierarchical and decentralized data register structure is used to transport data. Instruction registers record the reuse and localization of instructions in low-cost, close-to-functional-units storage structures. A method for reducing hold power dissipation is provided by the SRAM architecture that has been presented in this paper. Using NAND storage for the code's execution space proved that our suggested architecture would work in a practical embedded setting. These structural modifications allow for better improvement in energy efficiency over previously possible embedded processors. Our proposed method achieves a high-performance ratio of 98.7%, a less throughput ratio of 16.4% and an error rate of 18.3% compared to other methods.
Hydrothermal activity generated by impact melt emplacement on the rim of Ritchey crater, Mars
Authors: Zeng Lingqi , Horgan Briony
Published: June 2024

Impact-induced hydrothermal systems have the potential to support long-lived aqueous environments throughout the history of Mars, but their nature and distribution are not well-understood. We reported impact-induced alteration within a well-preserved impactite stratigraphy across the inner rim of Ritchey crater. The impactite stratigraphy is characterized by a smooth and uniform sheet unit overlying fragmented breccia, consistent with emplacement of impact melt rocks on ballistic ejecta deposits, as observed in the typical double layer impactites of complex craters on Earth. CRISM hyperspectral data revealed a series of alteration minerals including serpentine, chlorite, Mg carbonate in fractured bedrock, veins, and fragmented breccia in erosional windows underneath the unaltered sheet unit. These alteration minerals neither correlate with post-impact fluvio-lacustrine facies, nor with the pre-impact target bedrock. Instead, the formation of these alteration minerals is most plausibly triggered by the emplacement of hot impact melt, facilitating percolation of groundwater reacting with the extensively fractured and permeable bedrocks at the crater rims. The ubiquitous distribution of the alteration minerals on the inner rim indicates habitable environments triggered by impact cratering and potential preservation of biosignatures in the precipitated minerals.
Expandable hESC-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells generate functional cardiovascular lineage cells for cardiac microtissue construction
Authors: Rezaeiani Siamak , Rezaee Malihe , Shafaghi Mojtaba , Karami Mohammad , Hamidi Roghayeh , Khodayari Hamid , Vahdat Sadaf , Pahlavan Sara , Baharvand Hossein
Published: June 2024

Background: Cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs) derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are considered valuable cell sources for investigating cardiovascular physiology in vitro. Meeting the diverse needs of this application requires the large-scale production of CPCs in an in vitroenvironment. This study aimed to use an effective culture system utilizing signaling factors for the large-scale expansion of hESC-derived CPCs with the potential to differentiate into functional cardiac lineage cells.
Methods & Results: Initially, CPCs were generated from hESCs using a 4-day differentiation protocol with a combination of four small molecules (CHIR99021, IWP2, SB-431542, and purmorphamine). These CPCs were then expanded and maintained in a medium containing three factors (bFGF, CHIR, and A83-01), resulting in a > 6,000-fold increase after 8 passages. These CPCs were successfully cryopreserved for an extended period in late passages. The expanded CPCs maintained their gene and protein expression signatures as well as their differentiation capacity through eight passages. Additionally, these CPCs could differentiate into four types of cardiac lineage cells: cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts, demonstrating appropriate functionality. Furthermore, the coculture of these CPC-derived cardiovascular lineage cells in rat tail collagen resulted in cardiac microtissue formation, highlighting the potential of this 3D platform for studying cardiovascular physiology in vitro.
Conclusion: In conclusion, expandable hESC-derived CPCs demonstrated the ability to self-renewal and differentiation into functional cardiovascular lineage cells consistently across passages, which may apply as potential cell sources for in vitro cardiovascular studies.
The Effect of Chronic Microplastic Exposure Towards the Growth, Biochemical Responses and Histological Changes of the Juvenile Sea Cucumber Holothuria Scabra
Authors: Shukhairi Sarah Syazwani , Mazlan Nurzafirah , Rahman Nur Nashrah Abd , Nazahuddin Muhammad Nor Afdall , Shawel Amir Syazwan , Kumar Vijay Subbiah
Published: June 2024

Microplastics (MPs), are minuscule plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in size, originating from the degradation of larger plastic debris. They are found in various sources and posing a significant threat to marine ecosystems. Sea cucumber Holothuria scabra is a high value commercial species of sea cucumber. They are also crucial in maintaining a clean seabed and recycling nutrients in the ocean ecosystem. This research aimed to investigate the toxicity effects of microplastics on the well-being of juvenile sea cucumber H. scabra. Over 60 days treatment period, polymethylmethacrylate MPs were exposed to the juvenile sea cucumber diet at concentrations of 0.6 MPs/g, 1.2 MPs/g and 10 MPs/g to observe changes in their growth, biochemical responses, and histological alteration. The mean weight, weight gain percentage and specific growth rate exhibited significant differences (p < 0.05) with the control group displaying the highest SGR value of 1.22 ± 0.35%. Mortality was observed in treatment 2 and 3, respectively. Notably, a disruption in enzyme assays was also observed (p < 0.05). The findings of growth rates and biochemical responses were further supported by histological observation, uncovering injuries and loss of cellular components in respiratory trees and intestines. This study enhance our understanding of the toxicity mechanism associated with MPs in filter-feeding organisms.
Gait spatiotemporal alterations in schoolchildren with overweight or obesity: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Arcos José Luis Alaniz , Tinoco José Omar Larios , Cornejo Ma Elena Ortiz , Castellanos Xochiquetzalli Tejeda , González Horacio Márques , López María Lourdes Martín , Carrión Salvador Villalpando , Gutiérrez-Camacho Claudia
Published: June 2024

Background: Alterations in spatiotemporal parameters during walking modify and limit movement capacity in children with obesity. The objective of this study was to describe and compare the alterations in spatiotemporal parameters in schoolchildren according to body weight during all phases of walking.
Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study of 95 schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years and divided them into three study groups (normal weight, overweight, and obesity). Subsequently, we performed a gait study using a 3D motion analysis system and extracted the spatiotemporal parameters. We compared the spatiotemporal parameters between the study groups and with the parameters provided by the 3D system.
Results: Step length (m) and speed (m/s) were lower in the obesity group compared to the normal weight and overweight groups, p=>0.05. Stride length was different between the overweight and obese groups and the swing speed in the right pelvic limb, was p=<0.05. A moderate positive correlation was found between the width of the step and the weight gain of the schoolchildren r=0.414 (p<0.000) and a poor correlation between the length of the right stride (m), the swing speed in the lateral stride left stride length (m/s) and left stride length (m), r=0.227 (p=0.027), r= -0.218 (p=0.034) and r=0.180 respectively, (p=0.081). Most of the spatiotemporal parameter values ​​in the three groups were different compared to the stereophotogrammetry reference values.
Conclusions: Stride length and width of the step are the most spatiotemporal parameters altered alterations with body mass increase, however, longitudinal studies are required to corroborate it.
The interplay of mineral dust with radiation: analysis of the giant dust intrusion in the Atlantic Ocean on June 2020
Authors: Grasso Fabio Massimo , Rizza Umberto , Morichetti Mauro , Avolio Elenio , Tiesi Alessandro , De Tomasi Ferdinando
Published: June 2024

In this work we analysed the radiative effects caused by a giant dust storm that transported desert dust from the western Sahara to the Caribbean regions in June 2020. For the reporting of this dust plume, we considered a multi-platform set of remote sensing data, from the sensors VIIRS, MODIS and SEVIRI that are onboard the NOAA-20, Aqua and Meteosat spacecrafts respectively. The analysis of aerosol-radiation effect is established by considering a regional simulation with the WRF-Chem model utilising the coupling between the aerosols of the GOCART speciation, and the radiative modules defined in WRF-Chem by the “New Goddard Shortwave and Longwave Schemes”. The dust radiative forcing (DRF) function provides a surface average cooling with maximum values around − 50 Wm− 2 that may be attributed to a reduction of SW radiation absorbed and scattered by dust particles. This study support the use of fully-coupled modelling approach, between aerosols and meteorology, in the context of regional-scale and in climate risk assessments
Antimicrobial activity of amino-modified cellulose nanofibrils decorated with silver nanoparticles
Authors: Lazic Vesna , Nedeljković Jovan M. , Kokol Vanja
Published: June 2024

The silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) conjugated with amino-functionalized cellulose nanofibrils (NH2 − CNFs) were in situ prepared by reducing silver ions with free amino groups from NH2 − CNFs. The spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy measurements confirmed the presence of non-agglomerated nanometer-in-size Ag NPs within micrometer-large NH2 − CNFs of high (20 wt.-%) content. Although the consumption of amino groups during the formation of Ag NPs lowers the ζ-potential and surface charge of prepared inorganic-organic hybrids (from + 31.3 to + 19.9 mV and from 2.4 to 1.0 mmol/g at pH 7, respectively), their values are sufficiently positive to ensure electrostatic interaction with negatively charged cell walls of pathogens in acidic and slightly (up to pH ~ 8.5) alkaline solutions. The antimicrobial activity of hybrid microparticles against various pathogens (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans) is comparable with pristine NH2 − CNFs. However, a long-timescale use of hybrids ensures the slow and controlled release of Ag+ ions to surrounding media (less than 1 wt.-% for one month).
Significant trend in vertical wind velocity variability over the last 40 years
Authors: Barahona Donifan , Breen katherine , Diao Minghui , Ngo Derek , Maciel Flor Vanessa , Patnaude Ryan
Published: June 2024

Vertical air motion influences cloud formation, mixing and transport processes. Due to limitations in spatial resolution, global atmospheric models cannot resolve the sub-kilometer scale component of this motion. Instead it is represented using the standard deviation in vertical wind velocity within a grid cell, σW. Using a novel deep learning model constrained by observational data, we reveal significant trends in σW over the period 1980-2023. These trends, reaching up to 1% yr-1 in low and mid-level oceanic regions, indicate a more turbulent atmosphere with enhanced cloud formation over the last few decades. We attribute these trends to global shifts in water vapor, temperature and convection, suggesting a connection between enhanced warming, turbulence and cloud microphysics. Over the industrial era we estimate that increased cloud formation from enhanced σW yields a radiative forcing of about -0.1 ± 0.21 W m-2, slightly mitigating greenhouse warming.
Determinants of Residual Dizziness in BPPV Patients After Effective Repositioning Maneuvers: The Mediating Role of Blood Lipid Levels in a Single-Center Analysis
Authors: Wang Guanyu
Published: June 2024

Objective
To explore the independent risk factors for residual dizziness in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) patients following successful repositioning maneuvers, and further examine whether different lipid-related indicators act as mediators between these risk factors and residual dizziness.
Methodology:
110 patients diagnosed with BPPV and treated with repositioning maneuvers were recruited between January 2019 and February 2022. The general data and lipid-related data from both patients with residual dizziness and without residual dizziness. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate risk factors for residual dizziness in BPPV patients, adjusting for demographic variables, underlying diseases, behavioral factors, and lipid-related indicators. Simultaneously, utilizing regression-based mediation analyses, both the immediate impact of the reported statistically significant risk factors on the residual dizziness and the subsequent indirect influence mediated through lipid-related indicators were investigated. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.
Results
Significant differences were observed between groups with and without residual dizziness in terms of limb weakness, hypertension, nausea, limb arteriosclerosis, medication treatment, DHI scores, HADS scores, and distributions of TC, LDL, and HDL (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified sleep disorders (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.06–1.50), medication treatment (OR: 2.57, 95% CI: 2.03–3.02), hypertension (OR: 3.33, 95% CI: 2.90–4.22), Triglyceride (TG, OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02–1.12), and total cholesterol (TC, OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05–1.26) as significant risk factors for residual dizziness after adjusting for all cofounders(P < 0.05). Additionally, a mediating effect of 9.1% for total cholesterol blood concentration between sleep disorders and residual dizziness was revealed.
Conclusions
Our findings highlight the significant risk factors for residual dizziness. We also found that TC blood concentration mediates the relationship between sleep disorders and residual dizziness by 9.1%. These insights emphasize the need to address lipid levels and sleep disorders in managing residual dizziness in BPPV patients after effective repositioning maneuvers.
Enhanced Absorption in Organic Solar Cells Using Core-Shell Iron-ZnO Nanoparticles: Optical and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Bagheri Mahdi Aghlmandi Sadigh
Published: June 2024

This paper presents a detailed numerical and optical simulation analysis of iron (Fe) nanoparticles (NPs) with zinc oxide (ZnO) shells embedded in a square periodic array within the active layer of organic solar cells (OSCs). Utilizing the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method, we first calculate the intrinsic absorption of P3HT:PCBM. Following this, Fe-ZnO NPs are introduced into the active layer, and their absorption properties are analyzed and compared to the intrinsic absorption. The Absorption Enhancement (AE) metric is employed to optimize the period, thickness, and edge length of the rectangular prism Fe NPs to achieve maximum AE. Additionally, AE is compared in similar structures with different core materials, including gold (Au), silver (Ag), and aluminum (Al). The proposed structure, characterized by a thick shell on the top and base faces, demonstrates that Fe NPs can achieve an AE 1.282 times greater than the intrinsic absorption, and 1.13, 1.165, and 1.07 times more than Au, Ag, and Al, respectively. Notably, Al exhibits greater absorption enhancement than Au and Ag, indicating its potential as a future candidate. Furthermore, the electric field and absorption density are investigated, revealing how near-field plasmonics can significantly enhance absorption within the active layer, even in the red part of the spectrum. Iron NPs offer several advantages over traditional noble metal NPs, including cost-effectiveness, guaranteed biodegradability in OSCs, highest AE, and interesting magnetic properties that can influence excitons and electron-hole separation and velocity. These factors make Fe NPs an attractive option for enhancing the efficiency of OSCs.