bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliability and Validity of Scores on the Slosson Auditory Perception Skills Screener
Authors: Erford Bradley T. , Luce Courtney L.
Published: September 2010

Psychometric characteristics of the Slosson Auditory Perception Skills Screener were studied using three independent samples of boys and girls ages 5–10 years ( N = 1,170). Internal consistency of scores ranged from .83 to .90 for the total scale, while 30-day test-retest reliability was .82 ( n = 58). A convergent validity coefficient between the Slosson Auditory Perception Skills Screener and Test of Auditory Perceptual Skills-Revised Total Score was .59 ( n = 67, p < .05). Thus, scores derived from administration of the Slosson Auditory Perception Skills Screener had adequate internal consistency and temporal stability, as well as good convergent validity.
Elicitation of Spontaneous Mirror Reversal Drawing on the Forehead
Authors: Mori Kazuo
Published: September 2010

32 Japanese participants drew symmetrical and asymmetrical letters on their own foreheads. By observing their drawing strokes, it was judged that 29 of them drew symmetric letters in reverse, that is, as if these were viewed from inside the head. However, 14 of these 29 seemed to have noticed their reversed perception because they drew asymmetric letters intentionally reversed so they would appear correct when viewed from outside. Only three participants drew the letters in a normal way irrespective of the letter symmetry.
Italian Version of the Task and Ego Orientation in Physical Education Questionnaire
Authors: Bortoli Laura , Robazza Claudio
Published: September 2010

The 1992 Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire developed by Duda and Nicholls was modified by Walling and Duda in 1995 to assess task and ego orientation in physical education. The modified version was translated into Italian and administered to 1,547 students, 786 girls and 761 boys ages 14 to 19 years, to examine the factor structure. To evaluate the goodness of fit of the expected two-factor solution as in the original questionnaire, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on four samples of boys and girls of two classes of age (14–16 and 17–19 years). Across sex and age, χ2 /df ratios were less than 5.0, fit indices (GFI, NNFI, and CFI) not less than .90, and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) below .10. Thus, the two-factor solution of the questionnaire was supported. In the total sample, the two scales showed good internal consistency, with Cronbach α values of .92 for the Ego factor and .83 for the Task factor. The Ego factor accounted for 34.1% of variance and the Task factor accounted for 21.0% of variance.
An Examination of the “Hot Hand” in Professional Golfers
Authors: Clark Russell D.
Published: September 2010

A study investigated the “hot hand” among professional golfers. Hole-to-hole scores within 747 tournaments from a randomly chosen group of 35 players on the 1997 PGA Tour were analyzed. Contingency analyses gave no evidence for the “hot hand.” Players were just as likely to score a birdie or better following a par or worse hole as make a birdie or better following a birdie or better hole. These results are consistent with those found for individual players in baseball and basketball.
Seating Position and Length of Utterance of Preschoolers with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Redstone Fran
Published: September 2010

This study investigated the effects of semireclining and upright positions on production of utterances of increasing length by 10 physically typical preschoolers and 10 children with cerebral palsy. Sentences of 3, 7, and 10 syllables were imitated on one breath using the Respitrace™ to gather kinematic data of chest wall use. Analysis indicated that the reclining position led to 83% productions on one breath, while 95% could be produced on one breath in the upright position. During the longer 7- and 10-syllable utterances, children with cerebral palsy successfully imitated 48% and 18% of these utterances, while the control group performed 83% and 35% correctly for the 7- and 10-syllable tasks, respectively.
Validity and Reliability of the Test of Early Reading Ability-Second Edition with Preschool Age Children
Authors: Huff Elisa G. , Dancer Jess , Evans Shanda Diane , Skoch Allison Christine
Published: September 2010

Criterion validity and test-retest reliability across the two forms of the Test of Early Reading Ability-Second Edition were examined. 18 preschool age children, 4 boys and 14 girls, between the ages of 37 and 59 mo. ( M = 48.5, SD = 7.6) were randomly administered Forms A and B as well as the sound-blending, letter-word identification, spelling, and sound-awareness reading subtests from the 2001 Woodcock Johnson–III. Correlations were moderate between the children's performance on the Test of Early Reading Ability–2 Forms A and B and their reading subtest scores from the Woodcock Johnson–III and also between Forms A and B of the Test of Early Reading Ability–2. However, Forms A and B of the Test of Early Reading Ability–2 were not clinically equivalent.
Construct Validity of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency–Short Form for a Sample of Greek Preschool and Primary School Children
Authors: Kambas Antonis , Aggeloussis Nickos
Published: September 2010

The construct validity of the short form of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency for the assessment of gross and fine motor skills was assessed in 377 nondisabled Greek preschool and primary school children (age range 5 yr. to 8:3 mo.) from urban areas of northern Greece. Analysis showed the three factors accounted for 54.1% of the total score variance, agreeing with the earlier findings. Moreover, the item scores had statistically significant relationships with the total short-form score, except for that of copying a circle with the preferred hand. This latter item was also the only one with a small effect size. Age confirmed a statistically significant effect on the scores of the half items of the test battery, also an earlier finding. This test seemed to be a valid test of motor proficiency in normal Greek preschool and primary school children.
Preliminary Validation of a Spanish Version of the Sport Motivation Scale
Authors: NÚÑez Juan L. , Martín-Albo José , Navarro José G. , González VÍctor M.
Published: September 2010

The Sport Motivation Scale was developed in French and later translated into English and validated by Pelletier, et al. in 1995. It is based on the principles of self-determination theory. In this study the scale was translated into Spanish to assess and validate it for a sample of 275 athletes (78 women and 197 men) whose mean age was 21.3 yr. ( SD = 3.8) and who represented eight sports (track and field, tennis, swimming, waterpolo, soccer, basketball, handball, and volleyball). The Spanish version showed satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach α of .70 to .80) and temporal stability (test-retest r = .69 to .74) over a 4-wk. period. A confirmatory factor analysis partially supported the seven-factor structure. Correlations among the subscales indicated a simplex pattern supporting the construct validity of the scale. Sex differences were found. Taken together, these findings support use of the Spanish version for assessment of motivation in sport.
Digit Symbol Substitution Test Performance: Sex Differences in a Hebrew-Readers' Health Population
Authors: Kertzman Semion , Ben-Nahum Zeev , Gotzlav Iosef , Grinspan Haim , Birger Moshe , Kotler Moshe
Published: September 2010

The Digit Symbol Substitution test is simple to administer and sensitive to individual differences related to cognitive performance. The present study evaluated sex-related differences in performance by a Hebrew reading sample. The test was administered to 275 men and 252 women (age range: 20–44 years). Hebrew women significantly scored higher than the men. Means which increased during four consecutive 30-sec. time periods of performance, was significantly greater for the women than the men. This finding indicates women were more effective on this pair-associated learning task than men.
Soccer Players' Muscular Imbalances: Restoration with an Isokinetic Strength Training Program
Authors: Gioftsidou A. , Beneka A. , Malliou P. , Pafis G. , Godolias G.
Published: September 2010

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of a muscular training program on soccer players' performance which initially appeared imbalanced or bilaterally asymmetrical. During the preparation period, 35 soccer players performed an isokinetic measurement of knee flexors and extensors (60°.−1 and 180°sec.−1). 15 of these had muscular imbalances or deficits and followed a specific isokinetic training program for 2 mo., 3 times per week. After the completion of the isokinetic training program, the 35 players underwent the same isokinetic test. Significant differences were noted between the pre- and posttraining measures at both angular velocities in peak torque values, in differences from one limb to the other, and in peak torque ratios for flexors and extensors. Consequently, the application of this specific isokinetic training program can restore imbalances in knee muscle strength efficiently.
Effect of Static Visual Acuity on Dynamic Visual Acuity: A Pilot Study
Authors: Nakatsuka Mieko , Ueda Tetsuo , Nawa Yoshiaki , Yukawa Eiichi , Hara Tokuko , Hara Yoshiaki
Published: September 2010

The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate whether dynamic visual acuity changes with or without refractive correction. 42 healthy enrolled subjects with normal vision were divided into two age-matched groups. In Group A, dynamic visual acuity was measured first with the refractive error fully corrected and then without. In Group B, dynamic visual acuity measurements were taken in the reverse order of that performed by Group A. The measurements were binocularly performed five times using free-head viewing after dynamic visual acuity values were stable. Significant changes in dynamic visual acuity (static visual acuity 20/20 vs 12/20) were observed in both Group A (171.6 ± 36.0 deg./sec. vs 151.8 ± 39.6 deg./sec., Wilcoxon test, p< .001) and Group B (169.8 ± 30.0 deg./sec. vs 151.2 ± 36.0 deg./sec., Wilcoxon test, p<.001). The interaction was significant ( F1,20 = 8.12, p = .009). These results indicated that refractive correction affected dynamic visual acuity.
Interactive Decision-Making: Effects of Consultation before Personal Decisions on Postdecision Consolidation
Authors: Eisele Per
Published: September 2010

Pre- and postdecision processes were studied in triads of participants, dyads of participants, and for individual decision-makers in two experiment ( N = 57 and 50). Participants were students volunteering to take part in the study (21 men and 36 women with a mean age of 24 yr. and 25 men and 25 women with a mean age of 27 yr.). The purpose was to examine how much interactive versus individual social interaction (consultation with others before making a personal decision) affects post-decision consolidation. Predecision differentiation and postdecision consolidation have been defined as attractiveness changes over time in favour of the chosen alternative. Participants were coded into three categories (noncompensatory, compensatory, and nonclassified) according to their different decision strategies. For Exp. 1, postdecision consolidation effects were significant for participants who used a noncompensatory (no comparisons across attributes) decision strategy. For Exp. 2, postdecision consolidation effects were significant for participants who made a personal decision but not those who made an interactive decision. The differing results in these two experiments were discussed.
Young Adult Drivers' Sensitivity to Changes in Speed and Driving Mode in a Simple Vehicle Simulator
Authors: Min Yoon-Ki , Chung Soon-Cheol , You Ji-Hye , Yi Jeong-Han , Lee Bongsoo , Tack Gye-Rae , Chun Jae-Hun , Park Myeong-Sil , Min Byung-Chan
Published: September 2010

The study was done to check replication of changes in sensitivity with a simple simulator as had been obtained in an experiment using the real road situation. Another purpose was to control simulator sickness which could have confounded data from testing with a simulator or in actual driving. Sensitivity of the drivers (72 healthy young adults, M age=24 yr., SD=5) while performing the driving task was measured in terms of subjective ratings of simulator sickness and affect, and physiological measures (i.e., galvanic skin responses and skin temperature) at different driving speeds and in driving mode conditions, using a simple vehicle simulator. Analysis showed measures of drivers' state, including simulator sickness, physiological indices, and subjective reports, increased with driving speed (30→90→120 km/hr.) and driving mode change from the regular speed to sudden increasing to sudden decreasing speeds. Particularly, the results suggest that the increased autonomic nervous activation induces increase of rated simulator sickness. Based upon the same tendency in change of the simulator sickness and physiological state with driving speed and driving mode conditions, it was concluded that, if the results obtained from the simulator experiment can be generalized to the real situation, the simulator sickness must be considered a confounding factor. The results also suggest that the changes in human sensitivity are dependent upon aspects related to speed of a vehicle and driving mode.
Pain Perception as a Function of Self-Focused Rumination
Authors: Stimmel Theron , Crayton Carol , Rice Tracy , Raffeld Paul M.
Published: September 2010

Pain sensitivity and tolerance were studied using the cold-pressor technique. A 3 independent groups design was employed using rumination as the independent variable. Group 1 was given a situation in which anger-related self-rumination was introduced. Group 2 was given a self-related rumination task in which anger was not induced. Group 3 received a rumination task not related to the self. In addition, the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory was given prior to the experiment to test the hypothesis that ratings on the Anger-In subtest would correlate with pain sensitivity. In each group were 6 men and 6 women. Each participant took the anger and another inventory not relevant to the present study before the experiment. An anger measure was taken before and after the experiment for each group to see if the anger induction in Group 1 actually increased anger. There were no differences among the 3 groups on the second anger measure, so differences between Groups 1 and 2 could not be attributed to anger. A 1-way analysis of variance for 3 groups showed a strong main effect on pain tolerance but not pain sensitivity. Groups 1 and 2 were significantly more tolerant of pain than Group 3. The correlation of ratings on the Anger-In (internalized anger) subtest fell short of statistical significance with pain sensitivity and also was not significant for pain tolerance. Results were discussed in terms of the possibility that self-rumination may increase pain tolerance by requiring a greater cognitive load than nonself rumination.
Smiling Faces Rated More Feminine than Serious Faces in Japan
Authors: Kawamura Satoru , Kageyama Keiko
Published: September 2010

It has been reported that women and girls smile more frequently and more effectively than men and boys. It is expected that this correlation between femaleness and smiling affects the processing of faces, and consequently, smiling faces may be perceived to be more feminine. Participants viewed 30 photographs featuring smiling and serious facial expressions of both male and female subjects and rated them for femininity or masculinity. The result indicated that smiling faces significantly more frequently gave the impression of being more feminine. The interaction between the sex of the faces and their expression was not significant.
Reference Values for the Five-Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test: A Descriptive Meta-Analysis of Data from Elders
Authors: Bohannon Richard W.
Published: September 2010

This meta-analysis was conducted to generate normative values for the 5-repetition sit-to-stand (STS) test suitable for application to individuals at least 60 years of age. A thorough review of the literature yielded 13 papers (14 studies) relevant to this purpose. After the exclusion of potentially unrepresentative data, meta-analysis of these 13 papers indicated that judgments about normal performance should be based on age. Analysis demonstrated that individuals with times for 5 repetitions of this test exceeding the following can be considered to have worse than average performance: 11.4 sec (60 to 69 years), 12.6 sec. (70 to 79 years), and 14.8 sec. (80 to 89 years).
Assessments of Young Soccer Players: A Holistic Approach
Authors: Reilly Thomas
Published: September 2010

Use of scores on a single test of endurance which discriminates potentially talented under-age players' performance is insufficient for prediction of later performance, but such data could be useful when considered with other test scores.
Contextual Interference Effect on Acquisition and Retention of Pistol-Shooting Skills
Authors: Keller Gaye J. , Li Yuhua , Weiss Lawrence W. , Relyea George E.
Published: September 2010

The effects of contextual interference on learning pistol-shooting skills in a natural training environment were examined. The shooting skills consisted of three “stages” with different requirements for the skill variations commonly used in the field. 12 participants were randomly assigned into one of two practice conditions, blocked vs serial. Following a 20-min. safety and skill instructional session, Blocked group practiced 10 trials in a row at each stage, while Serial group performed 5 trials in a row for each of the three stages and then repeated the cycle. Both groups completed a total of 30 practice trials over the three stages. A 10-min. rest interval was provided prior to a retention test which included 9 trials (3 trials at each stage in a blocked format). Results based on the data of Stage III, the most complex skill among the three stages, showed a pattern consistent with previous findings that practicing in the serial schedule depressed performance during initial training but maintained the performance better at retention, relative to the blocked practice.
Tapping Speed Asymmetry in Drummers for Single-Hand Tapping with a Stick
Authors: Fujii Shinya , Oda Shingo
Published: September 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate tapping speed asymmetry in 13 right-handed drummers and 13 right-handed nondrummers. The participants executed single-hand tapping with a stick as fast as possible for 10 sec. with the left and right hand. There was no significant difference in the tapping speed of the right hand between the drummers and the nondrummers, whereas in the left hand, the drummers tapped significantly faster than the nondrummers. Drummers showed less tapping speed asymmetry than nondrummers. These results suggest that the tapping speed of the nonpreferred hand progressed nearly to the level of the preferred hand through daily drum training.
Asymmetric Recognition of Pictures of Cats as a Function of Age in 4-, 5-, and 6-Year-Old Children
Authors: Ando Michiyo , Hakoda Yuji , Nakamura Tomoyasu
Published: September 2010

In the present study it was investigated whether children recognized deletions more accurately than additions in pictures of animate objects as a function of age between 4 and 6 years. Children, presented pictures of cats with features added to or deleted from the original pictures, judged whether the pictures were the same or different as those in a test of recognition. Analysis showed both 5-yr.-olds and 6-yr.-olds discovered deletions more accurately than additions. This asymmetric effect is in accord with that of adults, with whom the same stimuli were used in earlier research, but are contrary to previous studies in which additions were recognized more accurately than deletions when inanimate objects were stimuli. Asymmetric effects, that is, greater recognition accuracy for deletions may be related to children's being uncomfortable about modified pictures of animals.
Attitudes toward Physical Education Classes of Primary School Students in Turkey
Authors: Koçak S. , Hurmeric I.
Published: September 2010

The purposes of this study were to report an investigation of attitudes toward physical education in a sample of primary school students and examine the predictive influence of students' sex, grades in physical education classes, and parents' education and socioeconomic status on students' attitudes. Participants, 963 (474 girls and 489 boys) primary school students from Grades 6 (12.7%), 7 (10.3%) and 8 (77%), completed the Wear Attitude Inventory. Analysis indicated students had positive scores on General Attitudes rather than on Social, Emotional, and Physical Attitudes. In addition, girls ( M = 32.6, SD=3.9) had more positive General Attitudes than boys ( M = 32.0, SD = 4.6). Also, students' grades in physical education classes were statistically significantly related to their Attitudes toward physical education (Wilks λ, F1,1110 = 2.88, p < .05). However, parents' education and socioeconomic status were not. One may infer that ways of encouraging more favorable attitudes might be planned.
Hand-Held Dynamometry: Adoption 1900–2005
Authors: Bohannon Richard W.
Published: September 2010

The purpose of this brief report is to describe the adoption of handheld dynamometry, a procedure for documenting muscle strength. Between the early 1900s and the end of 2005, 478 research articles were published that documented use of hand-held dynamometry. The adoption of the procedure for research is consistent with the S-shaped curve described by Rogers. The extent to which hand-held dynamometry is used in clinical practice remains to be delineated.
Reaction Time Reduction after Parafoveal Preview in a Lexical Decision Task
Authors: Grieco Alba , Beretta Gaia , Casco Clara
Published: September 2010

Time and the accuracy of a lexical decision performed on a letter string (either a word or nonword), presented foveally after a parafoveal preview displayed at 5° of eccentricity and 100 msec. duration were measured. Students of Padova University, 10 women and 7 men, ages 19 to 23 years were subjects. The hypothesis investigated was whether the facilitatory effect, a reduction in lexical decision time due to the parafoveal preview, was tied to global visual information acquired in the visual periphery during the preview presentation. In Exp. 1, eight subjects performed the task either with no preview (No Preview) or with a preview presented at 5° eccentricity in two conditions, preview of the same foveal string (Preview-Letters) and preview of symbols (“xxx …”) of the same length as the foveal string (Preview Symbols). In Exp. 2, 9 subjects performed the task with two preview conditions, No Preview and preview of the foveal string in uppercase letters at 5° of eccentricity (Preview Uppercase). Analyses suggested the reduction in lexical decision time due to the Preview with respect to the No Preview condition is tied to global information extracted during parafoveal presentation. The reduction in lexical decision time depends on word texture, i.e., letters' identities and also word boundary, in addition to word length.
Factors Associated with Perceived Exertion and Estimated Time Limit at Lactate Threshold
Authors: Garcin M. , Mille-Hamard L. , Duhamel A. , Boudin F. , Reveillere C. , Billat V. , Lhermitte M.
Published: September 2010

The purpose was to identify the most predictive parameters for perceived exertion and estimated time limit responses at the velocity corresponding to the lactate concentration threshold. The former scale concerns the subject's current status (how hard he feels the exercise currently is) whereas the latter scale deals with a subjective prediction of how long the current exercise level can be maintained. Multiple regression equations were developed among physiological, psychological, nutritional, and individual parameters (subjects' characteristics and performances) as independent variables, and perceived exertion or estimated time limit as dependent variables. Independent variables were collected before or during an incremental running field test. 94 regional to national level athletes (47 endurance-trained runners, 11 sprinters, and 36 handball players) participated. Multiple stepwise regression showed that Rating of Perceived Exertion and Estimated Time Limit at the lactate threshold were mainly mediated by factors relative to the performance expressed in percentage of the maximal aerobic velocity. Secondary factors which contribute significantly as perceptual predictors were related to various classes of factors except for psychological factors.
Is Time Limit at the Minimum Swimming Velocity of V̇O2 Max Influenced by Stroking Parameters?
Authors: Fernandes Ricardo J. , Marinho Daniel A. , Barbosa Tiago M. , Vilas-Boas J. Paulo
Published: September 2010

The aim of this study was to observe the relationship between time limit at the minimum velocity that elicits maximal oxygen consumption (TLim-v V̇O2 max) and stroke rate, stroke length, and stroke index. 13 men and 10 women, highly trained swimmers, performed an intermittent incremental test for v V̇O2 max assessment and an all-out swim to estimate TLim-v V̇O2 max. The mean ± SD TLim-v V̇O2 max, v V̇O2 max, stroke rate, stroke length, and stroke index values were 233.36 ± 53.92 sec., 1.40 ± .06 meter/sec., 35.58 ± 2.89 cycles/min., 2.39 ± .22 meter/cycle, and 3.36 ± .41 meter2/(cycle · sec.), respectively. The correlation between TLim-v V̇O2 max and stroke rate was –.51 ( p < .01), and values for TLim-v V̇O2 max with stroke length ( r = .52, p < .01) and stroke index ( r = 45, p < .05). These results seem to suggest that technical skill is a key factor in typical efforts requiring prolonged aerobic power.
Biomechanics Concept Inventory
Authors: Knudson Duane
Published: September 2010

A third version of a biomechanics concept inventory was developed and administered to 41 kinesiology majors before and after an introductory biomechanics class to build a larger pool of questions for course evaluation. The test measured understanding of four prerequisite and eight competencies based on national standards. Mean and standard deviation normalized gain was 29% (21) of maximum possible improvement and was similar to previous versions of the test given to students at the same university. Biomechanics instructors can use questions from all versions of the Biomechanics Concept Inventory to customize tests for evaluating instructional techniques in biomechanics.
Enabling a Man with Multiple Disabilities and Limited Motor Behavior to Perform a Functional Task with Help of Microswitch Technology
Authors: Antonucci M. , Lancioni G. E. , O'Reilly M. F. , Singh N. N. , Sigafoos J. , Oliva D.
Published: September 2010

This study evaluated the extent to which two microswitches used as interfaces would enable a man with multiple disabilities and limited motor behavior to operate an electric door opener at the entrance of the day center that he attended. Analysis showed the man (a) learned to use the two microswitches, (b) preferred the microswitch placed at his wheelchair's footrest (which also allowed more effective responding) over the microswitch placed at his wheelchair's armrest, and (c) maintained his positive performance at the 1- and 2-mo. postintervention checks. The results were discussed from a technical and practical standpoint and in terms of implications for the quality of life of persons with disabilities.
Form of Athletic Exercise, School Environment, and Sex in Development of High School Students' Sportsmanship
Authors: Proios Miltiadis , Doganis George , Proios Michalis
Published: September 2010

To examine the influence of form of athletic exercise, school environment, and sex in the sportsmanship of high school students, 158 boys and 197 girls, ages 15 to 18 years ( M = 16.0, SD=.7) in physical education at school, recreational sports, and competitive sports at three schools were examined. Analysis of students' responses on the Multidimensional Sportspersonship Orientation Scale indicated the form of athletic exercise, the school environment, and sex were related to their sportsmanship. These factors should be considered in planning programs on moral education.
Effects of Acute Simulated Microgravity on Nocturnal Sleep, Daytime Vigilance, and Psychomotor Performance: Comparison of Horizontal and 6° Head-Down Bed Rest
Authors: Komada Yoko , Mizuno Koh , Mishima Kazuo , Sato Hidetomo , Inoue Yuichi , Tanaka Hideki , Shirakawa Shuichiro
Published: September 2010

This study examined the effect of acute simulated microgravity on nocturnal sleep, daytime vigilance, and psychomotor performance. Each of 7 volunteers were maintained for 3 days of head-down and horizontal bed rest in a counterbalanced design. Assessment measures were polysomnographic recordings on the first night and performance on psychophysiological tasks on the second day involving subjective and objective vigilance, P300, simple reaction time tasks, and dual performance tasks. No clear difference in sleep structure was observed between the head-down and horizontal conditions, except for a slight decrease in Stage 4 for head-down. Both subjective and objective daytime vigilance, P300, and the simple RT task showed no statistical difference, although tracking performance on the dual task showed deterioration at 10:00 for the head-down condition. These results suggest that nocturnal sleep, daytime vigilance, and psychophysiological functions were not disturbed in head-down sleep conditions, although there was a mild deterioration of higher attentional function in the morning.
Influence of Postural Regulation in Male Judokas' Direction of Falls: Comment on Paillard, et al. (2005)
Authors: Calmet Michel
Published: September 2010

The survey of Paillard pinpoints three important areas of reflection: what new knowledge is added, what are the internal perspectives, and what are the external perspectives.
Involuntary Awareness and Implicit Priming: Role of Retrieval Context
Authors: Zhou Renlai , Hu Senqi , Sun Xuefei , Huang Junhong
Published: September 2010

This study examined the role of retrieval context in implicit priming by manipulating percentage of word-stem index as shallow and deep processing while performing a word-stem completion task. 80 subjects were randomly divided into four groups each of 20 subjects: shallow processing or deep processing with few retrieval indices, and shallow processing or deep processing with many retrieval indices. Analysis indicated that proportion of word-stem completion was significantly higher for studied words than for nonstudied words in all four groups and that the subjects in the groups with many retrieval indices had a significantly increased proportion of word-stem completion between studied and nonstudied words than those in the groups with few retrieval indices. Postquestionnaire analysis indicated that more previously studied items were retrieved if many studied items were available during implicit word-stem completion and that only a small proportion of word-stem completion was finished with studied words by the subjects who were aware of the prior studied and test word relations in all four groups. It was concluded that having more studied words retrievable contributed to more being retrieved and that involuntary awareness had very limited influence on the priming in the implicit word-stem completion.
Interrater Reliability in Clinical Psychology Oral Examinations: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Edwards Stephen D. , Pillay Anthony L.
Published: September 2010

High interrater reliability was noted among academics evaluating students on a Master's level clinical psychology oral examination. There was greater concordance among more experienced academics, examiners from the same university department, and those in the same professional specialty.
Comparison of Muscle Functions during Three Contrasting Abdominal Exercises
Authors: Chong Raymond K. Y. , Bishop Lee , Collins Will , Fielding Ashley , Knight Nicole
Published: September 2010

That different amplitudes of muscle activities during various abdominal exercises not only reflect the inherent differences in motor control but movement speed as well was hypothesized. 20 healthy adults ( M age = 23 yr.) performed three exercises that involved varying amounts of trunk control: the partial sit-up, full sit-up, and AbSlide roll. Covariate analyses indicated that the amplitude of muscle activities could be partitioned into three categories: motor control and scaling (speed and amplitude), scaling only, and motor control only. Overall, the AbSlide exercise activated the most amount of muscular activity, followed by the full and partial sit-up exercises. Results are discussed in terms of how the various muscles contribute to motor control and velocity scaling.
Association of Consumers' Sex and Eyedness and Lighting and Wall Color of a Store with Price Attraction and Perceived Quality of Goods and inside Visual Appeal
Authors: Barli Önder , Bilgili Bilsen , Dane Şenol
Published: September 2010

The associations of sex and eyedness of consumers in a market and the market's lighting and wall color with price attraction and perceived quality of goods and the inside visual appeal were studied using an inventory after shopping by 440 men and 478 women, 20 to 60 years old ( M = 29.3, SD=10.2). Two lights (soft and bright) and 4 colors (blue, yellow, green, and red) and neutral light (white) were used. Women rated the prices of goods more attractive compared to men. In the total sample, left-eye preferents rated visual appeal higher compared to right-eye preferents. Bright light was associated with higher visual appeal than soft light. Green was associated with the highest inside visual appeal and perceived quality of goods, which may be due to its intermediate wavelength.
The Contribution of Marching Band Participation to Overall Physical Activity for a Sample of University Students
Authors: Cowen Virginia S.
Published: September 2010

The aim of this study was to provide insight into the contribution of marching band to overall physical activity. A convenience sample was recruited from the Arizona State University Marching Band. Participants logged their physical activity and step counts for seven days. Complete data were returned by 49 participants. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that participants took significantly more steps per day on marching band days compared to days that did not involve marching band. These findings suggest that marching band can help to meet current physical activity recommendations when measured in steps-per-day using a pedometer.
Neuropathography: Origins and Methodology
Authors: Bradford David T.
Published: September 2010

Neuropathography is a genre of case study which balances the clinical neuroscientific perspective with the descriptive acuity and existential interests of phenomenological psychopathology. Its subjects are persons of exceptional talent whose contributions are widely recognized, and also those whose seemingly ordinary lives include personally profound experiences of discernible cultural significance. In all instances, the chief focus is on the shaping influence of brain dysfunction in the subject's life and work. Six methodological guidelines are outlined, their topics ranging from the subjects, source material, aesthetic standards, and multidisciplinary character of neuropathography to normative standards and concepts of neuropsychological causation.
Perceived Verbal Aggressiveness of Coaches in Volleyball and Basketball: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Bekiari Alexandra , Digelidis Nikolaos , Sakelariou Kimon
Published: September 2010

This study examined verbal aggressiveness of coaches as perceived by their athletes, 108 senior athletes (57 boys and 51 girls) ages 15–19 years. Participants were basketball players (56 athletes) and volleyball players (52 athletes) who completed questionnaires. The scale of verbal aggressiveness showed high internal consistency. A two-way analysis of variance, conducted using sex and sport as independent variables to examine interactions, yielded significant differences between adolescent volleyball and basketball athletes. Volleyball athletes had lower scores on the Verbal Aggressiveness Scale than basketball players. Research with larger samples and other sports is recommended.
Ancestry, Genes, and Suicide: A Test of the Finno-Ugrian Suicide Hypothesis in the United States
Authors: Voracek Martin
Published: September 2010

There is now convergent evidence from classic quantitative genetics (family, twin, and adoption studies) and molecular genetic studies for specific genetic risk factors for suicidal behavior. This emerging research field has recently been supplemented by geographical studies concerned with the Finno-Ugrian Suicide Hypothesis (FUSH), which states that population differences in genetic risk factors may partially account for conspicuous geographical patterns seen in suicide prevalence. In particular, the European high-suicide-rate nations constitute a contiguous, J-shaped belt, spanning from Finland to Austria. This area maps onto the second principal component identified for European gene distribution, most likely reflecting a major migration event of the past (i.e., the ancestral adaptation to cold climates and the Uralic language dispersion) still detectable in modern European populations. The present research tested the hypothesis in the United States. Consistent with the hypothesis, available historical (1913–1924 and 1928–1932) U.S. state suicide rates were uniformly positively associated with available state proportions of reported American ancestries from European high-suicide-rate countries (Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, and the Ukraine). However, contrary to the hypothesis, available contemporary (1990–1994) suicide rates were uniformly negatively associated with these ancestry proportions. The findings of this first test outside Europe are therefore conflicting. A proposal based on the geographical study approach is offered to further the progress of investigations into the genetics of suicide.
Critique of Sohlberg and Birgegard's (2003) Report of Persistent Complex Effects of Subliminal Psychodynamic Activation Messages
Authors: Fudin Robert
Published: September 2010

Silverman in 1983 held that the unconscious encoding of MOMMY AND I ARE ONE triggers a fantasy of symbiotic union with the good mother of early childhood. In contrast, later Sohlberg and Birgegard contended that MOMMY AND I triggers associations to similarity issues with mother, associations that may be influenced by the words following MOMMY AND I. Although their messages produce, almost invariably, no reportable sensation, Sohlberg and Birgegard claimed strong evidence for the influence of such messages on perception, motivation, and memory, 10 days poststimulation and suggestive evidence 4 mo. later. Their findings are not compelling evidence for these claims; and there is no evidence that any result was associated with the unconscious encoding of the psychodynamic meaning of a multiword message.
Is the Independence of Golf Scores for Professional Golfers a Statistical Artifact?
Authors: Clark Russell D.
Published: September 2010

This study investigated whether the lack of day-to-day consistency in performance for professional golfers would occur if round ranks were employed instead of round scores. When players' round scores from the 2004 Clark study were converted to round ranks, the results were very similar to those found in that study. It was concluded that the range of abilities for professional golfers is so restricted that the fluctuation in players' scores or rankings will show little consistency from day to day.
Relationship between Identifiability and False Memory of Critical Lures without Explicit Warnings
Authors: Mukai Akira
Published: September 2010

This study correlated norms for critical lure identification from Neuschatz, Benoit, and Payne with false recall and recognition norms from Stadler, Roediger, and McDermott. Results showed that identifiability of the critical lures did not explain the effectiveness of false memory in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott list presentation paradigm when explicit warnings were not given to participants. Difference between the critical lures of people's names and critical lures that are not people's names was discussed.
Frequency of Dream Recall by Children and Their Mothers
Authors: Schredl Michael , Sartorius Heiko
Published: September 2010

The present study investigated frequency of dream recall in children and their mothers. Overall, 88 mothers ( M age: 38.7 yr., SD = 5.0) and their children (45 girls, 43 boys; M age: 9.9 yr., SD = 1.3) participated. A small but significant positive Pearson correlation of .19 between the frequency of dreams reported by mothers and by their children is consistent with Cohen's 1973 hypothesis of a socialization effect on the frequency of dream recall.
Effects of Steady-State Exercise on Perceived Pain: Comparison of Sedentary Students and Cyclists
Authors: Monnier-Benoit Philippe , Groslambert Alain , Rouillon Jean-Denis
Published: September 2010

In this study, the effect of fitness level on perceived pain before and after a steady state exercise was investigated. Ten trained cyclists ( M age = 25.2 yr., SD = 4.9) and 10 sedentary men ( M age = 24.5 yr., SD = 2.2) performed a maximal graded test on a cycle ergometer. At least 48 hr. later the participants of both groups performed a 30-min. steady-state cycling test at 75% of VO2 max. Before the steady-state exercise and 5- and 30-min. postexercise, a pressure pain stimulation test was applied on the finger of each participant. Perceived pain was measured with Borg's CR10 scale at the end of each pain stimulation. The results indicated no significant changes in perceived pain between the pre-exercise and 5- and 30-min. postexercise values (effect sizes = .07 and .19, respectively). Moreover, no significant difference in perceived pain was found between the groups for pre-exercise (ES = .02) and 5- and 30-min. postexercise (ES = .16 and .21, respectively) values. These results do not confirm the analgesic effects usually observed after steady state exercise. Therefore, it is not possible to compare the analgesic effect of this exercise mode between participants characterized by different fitness levels.
A Paper-And-Pencil Measure of Prefrontal Subcortical Dysfunction
Authors: Spinella Marcello , Lester David , Yang Bijou
Published: September 2010

In a large sample of 722 community residents, scores on the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale were significantly associated with age, sex, and education, indicating that scores were higher for men, younger participants, and less educated participants.
Emotional Well-Being of College Students in Health Courses with and without an Exercise Component
Authors: Muller Susan M. , Dennis Dixie L. , Gorrow Teena
Published: September 2010

This study was designed to examine the effects of exercise on indices of emotional well-being of 584 college students enrolled in either a lecture-only health course or one of six health-fitness courses, each using a different mode of exercise including cross-training, aerobics, yoga, circuit weight training, swimming, and walk/jog. Each participant completed the Self-perception Profile for College Students developed by Neeman and Harter. Analysis yielded significant differences on five indices of emotional well-being (Global Self-worth, Appearance, Romantic Relationships, Social Acceptance, and Athletic Competence) between pre- and posttest scores of participants enrolled in the health-fitness courses, while no differences were found between pre- and posttest scores of participants enrolled in the lecture-only health course. Of the seven subscales examined, a significant interaction effect was found between sex/time and Romantic Relationships/Athletic Competence, with women reporting greater gains than men.
Comparison of Sport Achievement Orientation of Male Wheelchair Basketball Athletes with Congenital and Acquired Disabilities
Authors: Skordilis E. K. , Skafida F. A. , Chrysagis N. , Nikitaras N.
Published: September 2010

The study was designed to examine the sport achievement orientations of male wheelchair basketball athletes who differed by onset of experienced disability (congenital and acquired). The full Sport Orientation Questionnaire was administered to 166 U.S. national athletes. Athletes with congenital disabilities had higher mean scores than their peers with acquired disabilities on the three subscales of the full form and on the extraction items as a short form (Competitiveness, Win Orientation, and Goal Orientation). Multivariate analysis of variance yielded no significant differences between groups. Significant differences on Competitiveness and Goal Orientation, with a higher mean were found for the group with congenital disabilities than for the group with acquired disabilities. The results are discussed in relation to the literature, nature of wheelchair basketball, and application of the test to such athletes.
Reaction Times and Electromechanical Delay in Reactions of Increasing and Decreasing Force
Authors: Blanpied Peter , Oksendahl Heidi
Published: September 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare reaction times and electromechanical delay between reactions to increase force from rest and reactions to decrease force from an active state in the quadriceps femoris of healthy young adults. Force, position, and electromyographic data were recorded from 35 subjects reacting to a forced knee-flexion perturbation. Electromechanical delay was assessed through cross-correlation of the filtered EMG and force data. Reaction time to increase force ( M = 159.9 msec., 95% CI = 149.9–169.9 msec.) was significantly longer than RT to decrease force ( M = 124.4 msec., 95% CI = 118.7–130.1 msec.). This difference was partially caused by a difference in electromechanical delay (RT to increase force electromechanical delay was 63 msec., 95% CI = 60–67 msec., greater than the RT to decrease force electromechanical delay of 49 msec., 95% CI = 46–52 msec.). This difference in reaction time could be important in identifying and interpreting physiologically meaningful changes in muscle force and in intermuscular coordination during movement.
Promoting Fluency of Performance during Morning Dressing by Two Persons with Multiple Disabilities
Authors: Lancioni Giulio E. , Singh Nirbhay N. , O'Reilly Mark F. , Sigafoos Jeff , Oliva Doretta , Campodonico Francesca , Piazzolla Giorgia
Published: September 2010

This study investigated the possibility of promoting fluency of performance, i.e., a performance independent of caregiver's guidance and without serious interruptions, during morning dressing in two adults with multiple disabilities. The intervention program relied on the use of assistive technology including optic and pressure sensors to monitor the participants' task responding and tape players to present preferred stimuli in relation to such responding, as well as messages of encouragement. Analysis showed that the intervention program was effective with both participants. In fact, they became capable of performing the dressing sequence with only occasional guidance from research assistants, and the time they required for dressing dropped significantly from baseline levels. Implications of the results are discussed.
Death Anxiety and a Taoist Orientation in Two Cultures
Authors: Zeyrek Emek Yüce , Lester David , Alpan Erkan
Published: September 2010

A negative association between having a Taoist orientation to life and death anxiety was found for a sample of 99 American students but not in a sample of 100 Turkish students