bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and determinants of the place of delivery among reproductive age women in sub–Saharan Africa
Authors: Adde Kenneth Setorwu , Dickson Kwamena Sekyi , Amu Hubert
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Maternal mortality is an issue of global public health concern with over 300,000 women dying globally each year. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), these deaths mainly occur around childbirth and the first 24hours after delivery. The place of delivery is, therefore, important in reducing maternal deaths and accelerating progress towards attaining the 2030 sustainable development goals (SDGs) related to maternal health. In this study, we examined the prevalence and determinants of the place of delivery among reproductive age women in SSA.

Materials and methods

This was a cross-sectional study among women in their reproductive age using data from the most recent demographic and health surveys of 28 SSA countries. Frequency, percentage, chi-square, and logistic regression were used in analysing the data. All analyses were done using STATA.

Results

The overall prevalence of health facility delivery was 66%. This ranged from 23% in Chad to 94% in Gabon. More than half of the countries recorded a less than 70% prevalence of health facility delivery. The adjusted odds of health facility delivery were lowest in Chad. The probability of giving birth at a health facility also declined with increasing age but increased with the level of education and wealth status. Women from rural areas had a lower likelihood (AOR = 0.59, 95%CI = 0.57–0.61) of delivering at a health facility compared with urban women.

Conclusions

Our findings point to the inability of many SSA countries to meet the SDG targets concerning reductions in maternal mortality and improving the health of reproductive age women. The findings thus justify the need for peer learning among SSA countries for the adaption and integration into local contexts, of interventions that have proven to be successful in improving health facility delivery among reproductive age women.
Funcionários independentes, honestos e prestigiados, porque assim o exige uma sã burocracia
Authors: Azevedo Ana Carina
Published: December 2020

Entre as décadas de 1930 e 1960, a relação entre o grau de eficiência da Administração Pública e a situação económica e social do funcionalismo encontra-se bastante presente ao nível da Assembleia Nacional e da Câmara Corporativa. Às características que o funcionalismo apresentava, aliava-se o aumento da atração que o setor privado exercia em termos de melhores remunerações e benefícios sociais. Neste contexto, aumentar a eficácia da Administração Pública passava por melhorar a situação económica e social dos funcionários públicos. Não obstante alguns discursos defenderem a reforma administrativa como caminho para esta melhoria, torna-se visível que o Estado privilegiou soluções de caráter social. Um processo que conduziria a melhorias concretas, apesar de insuficientes, na vida de uma parte relevante do funcionalismo, criando lógicas que acabariam por ser prosseguidas após a Revolução de 1974 e que, muitas das vezes, são unicamente conotadas com o período democrático.
Jornais e lutas políticas na Revolução de Abril
Authors: Gomes Pedro Marques
Published: December 2020

Os jornais foram atores de grande relevância político-social ao longo da revolução portuguesa (1974-1975). Por um lado, envolvendo-se nas lutas políticas e principais acontecimentos de então; por outro, sendo alvo de múltiplas e variadas tentativas de controlo de diversas forças. Num período em que a própria imprensa atravessou um processo de profundas transformações, este artigo procura analisá-las e contextualiza-las, refletindo sobre as principais tendências do jornalismo da época.
Modus faciendi librum:
Authors: Mestre Navas Pablo Alberto , Álvarez Márquez María del Carmen
Published: December 2020

Escritores, compiladores, copistas y traductores intervinieron de forma efectiva en la composición de manuscritos durante la Baja Edad Media, adivinándose una serie de cambios en los albores de la Edad Moderna. Este artículo trata de identificar y poner en valor a los diferentes autores y participantes en la elaboración de algunos manuscritos conservados en la Biblioteca Capitular y Colombina de Sevilla y en la Biblioteca Nacional de España, subrayando algunas de sus características formales y trazando una línea de la evolución que el libro experimentó en estas centurias.

 

Palabras clave

Manuscritos hispanos, Biblioteca Capitular y Colombina, Biblioteca Nacional de España Baja Edad Media, Edad Moderna
Estudo sobre o modelo de formação dos tradutores do Seminário de S. José de Macau
Authors: Zhang Minfen
Published: December 2020

O Seminário de S. José de Macau, fundado pelos jesuítas em Macau, no ano de 1728, constituiu o principal centro de formação daqueles missionários que exerciam o seu mister no Extremo Oriente, nomeadamente na China. Como instituição de ensino superior, especializada na preparação de sacerdotes, o Seminário tinha como objetivo formar talentos multilingues proficientes na cultura sino-portuguesa. O seu bem organizado modelo de ensino permitiu a formação de um grande número de tradutores bilingues sino-portugueses, além de bastantes sinólogos macaenses.

O presente texto pretende analisar o bem-sucedido modelo de formação de traduores do Seminário de S. José de Macau no século XIX, nomeadamente a sua organização das disciplinas diversificadas, os modelos de ensino e de aprendizagem, bem como o sistema de avaliação. Será importante sintetizar as suas realizações no que diz respeito à preparação e formação dos talentos de tradução, como fonte de inspiração para o nosso atual ensino de tradução.
Desgaste, Condições de Vida e Trabalho em Portugal: uma perspetiva multidisciplinar
Authors: Varela Raquel , Della Santa Roberto , Oliveira Henrique M. , De Matos António Coimbra , Leher Roberto , Areosa João
Published: December 2020

Na segunda metade do século passado o cientista social norte-americano Wright Mills1 cunhou a distinção entre o que chamou de “perturbação privada” (private trouble) e “questão pública” (public issue). As ditas perturbações diriam respeito ao caráter do indivíduo e às relações imediatas deste com os outros. Estão, assim, relacionadas com seu próprio self e com as zonas proximais da vida social que lhe dizem respeito mais diretamente. Já as questões públicas transcenderiam os ambientes e os locais do indivíduo e da sua vida mais íntima. Remeter-nos-iam para um ambiente social historicamente determinado, composto pela interpenetração de um avassalador número de ambientes pessoais e locais, e pela sua inserção numa estrutura de vida social histórica, numa perspectiva de totalidade.
Design, Synthesis and Molecular Docking Studies of 4-{3-[2-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)phenyl]-5-phenyl-pyrazol-1-yl}-benzenesulfonamide as Anti-Breast Cancer Agent
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Prakash Kumar Jai , Barnwal Juhi , Singh Ritu
Published: December 2020

Novel 4-{3-[2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)phenyl]-5-phenyl-pyrazol-1-yl}benzenesulfonamide (7) was synthesized and evaluated for its anti-breast cancer activity. It was prepared by cyclocondensation reaction of morpholine-substituted β-diketone, 1-[2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-phenyl]-3-phenyl-propane-1,3-dione (3) with 4-hydrazinobenzene-sulfonamide hydrochloride (6). Chemical structure of titled compound (7) was confirmed by FTIR, 1H & 13C NMR and HRMS spectroscoic analyses. The anticancer activity of titled compound 7 was evaluated against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line by MTT assay. Molecular docking was performed to predict its plausible binding with the estrogen receptor α(ERα) using Molecular Operating Environment 2019.0101 software. The MTT assay results showed that titled compound 7 exhibited better anticancer activity against MCF7 cells (IC50: 4.25 μM) than standard drug, 4-hydroxytamoxifen (IC50: 8.22 μM). Results of molecular docking studies were found in good agreement with the results of anticancer evaluation, as the binding score of titled compound 7 (-16.9872 kcal/mol) was lower as compared to 4-hydroxytamoxifen (-15.1112 kcal/mol). The new cationic interaction of titled compound 7 with Trp383 and hydrogen bonding interaction with Phe404 in active site of ERα made its anticancer activity better than 4-hydroxytamoxifen. Thus, 4-{3-[2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)phenyl]-5-phenyl-pyrazol-1-yl}benzenesulfonamide (7) was emerged as a potent anti-breast cancer agent.
Synthesis, Spectral Analysis and Antibacterial Screening of Tetracyclic Thiazepine Based Pyrazole Derivatives
Authors: B. Hirani Jayanti , Pandya Mayank , B. Koradiya Suresh
Published: December 2020

A series of tetracyclic thiazepine based pyrazoles (6a-j) have been synthesized and evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activities. The newly synthesized compounds have been characterized by IR, 1H & 13C NMR, mass and elemental analyses. Compounds 6b (2-OCH3) and 6c (4-OCH3) have shown promising antibacterial, and 6g (3-NO2), 6f (2-NO2) and 6d (3,4-diOCH3) exhibited excellent an antifungal activity against standard drugs.
Synthesis, Characterization and in vitro Antimicrobial Evaluation of Pyrazole Based Oxothiazolidine Hybrids
Authors: J. Sanghani Yogesh , B. Koradiya Suresh , J. Jilariya Krushnakumar
Published: December 2020

In this work, pyrazole based oxothiazolidine hybrids, 4-{4-[2-(1-phenyl-3-(substituted)phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-phenyl}-morpholin-3-one (11a-l) were synthesized using molecular hybridization approach through Vilsmeier-Haack reaction. The titled compounds 11a-l were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral studies. The antibacterial activity of 11a-l was evaluated in vitro by agar cup plate method against B. cocous, B. subtillis, E. coli and P. vulgaris. The antifungal activity of compounds 11a-l was evaluated in vitro by agar based disk diffusion method against A. niger. The results of antibacterial and antifungal evaluation were reported in terms of zone of inhibition measured in mm. The synthesized compounds 11a-l exhibited moderate to good antibacterial and antifungal potential. Compound 4-{4-[2-(1-phenyl-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-phenyl}-morpholin-3-one (11h) emerged as a most potent antimicrobial agent displaying zone of inhibition 21, 20, 21, 24 and 20 mm against B. cocous, B. subtillis, E. coli, P. vulgaris and A. niger, respectively.
Cartografia e Direito na Formação Territorial e na Configuração da Propriedade no Brasil
Authors: Sluter Claudia Robbi , Carneiro Andrea Flávia Tenório , Iescheck Andrea Lopes , Pontes Daniele Regina , Gediel José Antônio Peres
Published: December 2020

O diálogo entre Cartografia e Direito permite discutir e avaliar as consequências históricas dos processos de demarcação de terras e de titulação, e do registro de propriedades, no Brasil. Esse diálogo entre áreas do conhecimento orienta o desenvolvimento de pesquisa, com viés interdisciplinar, que busca recuperar, em suas respectivas áreas, o percurso histórico de técnicas e normas. Por isso, o debate produzido e as questões formuladas nesta pesquisa dizem respeito à necessidade de integração entre o mapeamento topográfico sistemático e o cadastro territorial; à ausência do mapeamento topográfico; aos problemas jurídicos de demarcação e titulação de terras públicas e privadas; e ao diagnóstico da situação atual do cadastro territorial e sua relação com o mapeamento topográfico sistemático. Este artigo apresenta, assim, os argumentos com os quais se estabelece um projeto de pesquisa cujo principal objetivo é entender as consequências históricas da ausência de mapeamento topográfico na demarcação e no registro de propriedades no Brasil, e sua relação com o arcabouço normativo vigente. As análises compartilhadas entre os pesquisadores deste grupo de pesquisa denotam as ausências e as contradições que apontam para a necessidade de busca de elementos conceituais, problematizações e questionamentos comuns na identificação e solução dos problemas.
Posicionamento GNSS em Tempo Real: Evolução, Aplicações Práticas e Perspectivas para o Futuro
Authors: Krueger Claudia Pereira , Oliveira Junior Paulo Sérgio de , Garnés Silvio Jacks dos Anjos , Alves Daniele Barroca Marra , Euriques Jorge Felipe
Published: December 2020

O posicionamento em tempo real por meio do emprego dos sinais de satélites foi um avanço nas navegações aérea, marítima e terrestre com o surgimento do GPS (Global Positioning System). Contudo as precisões horizontais e verticais de 100 m e 150 m (nível de probabilidade de 95%) alcançadas, estando a SA (Selective Availability) ativada, passaram a não ser satisfatórias para muitas aplicações e os usuários buscaram galgar outros níveis de precisões. Esforços foram investidos no chamado posicionamento diferencial DGPS (Differential GPS), o qual possibilitou obter precisões em torno de dez vezes melhores do que as do posicionamento absoluto.  Posteriormente, usando-se a fase da onda portadora, conseguiu-se realizar posicionamento com maior acurácia por meio do método RTK (Real Time Kinematic), atingindo qualidade centimétrica. Na sequência, houve uma evolução para posicionamentos em rede, empregando, por exemplo, o algoritmo de VRS (Virtual Reference Station). Vários erros nas observáveis dos satélites passaram a ser modelados com uma solução de multiestações em tempo real. A partir de 2012, surgiram serviços e produtos que favoreceram o desenvolvimento do RT-PPP (Real-Time Precise Point Positioning) baseado no conceito SSR (State Space Representation). A busca da solução das ambiguidades no RT-PPP deu origem ao PPP-RTK com menor tempo de fixação das ambiguidades e convergência para a solução acurada do posicionamento. Neste artigo apresenta-se como foi a evolução do posicionamento em tempo real, algumas das aplicações no âmbito nacional e as perspectivas  desta modalidade de posicionamento para o futuro.
Atomic Individual and Relational Individual: The Bases of the Formation of Subjectivity in the West and China
Authors: Florentino Neto Antonio
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this analysis is to point out some elements of the Western tradition, as opposed to elements of the Eastern tradition, which enable us to better understand the possible consequences of China's unconditional assimilation of these fundamental aspects of the Western tradition. In this direction, I anticipate the main purpose of this text, which is, in my view, to explain the reasons why it is not possible for China to simply assume Western “values” as a natural consequence of opening up to the market economy, without having to give up of what makes it what it is. The task, therefore, is to think about the relationship between modernity and tradition in China today, based on a certain conception of “modernity”, without disregarding, but also, without problematizing, the intense debate that has already occurred around the question itself.
Policy Formulation of The Marine Governance In The Coastal Southern Lebak Regency Banten Province
Authors: Maulana Delly , Nugroho Arif
Published: December 2020

This paper is aimed to explain the presence of marine potentials in the southern coastal area of Lebak Regency, Banten Province that have not been fully exploited. There are several potentials found in this Regency, the extensive coastline of approximately 91.42 km², and the marine resources and fisheries that could be developed. The potentials include not only fisheries and tourism but also mining. With such a high rate of development in the coastal area of Lebak Regency, it will certainly cause various problems in the region such as First, the degradation of coastal and marine ecosystems in Lebak Regency; Second, the increasing intensity of environmental pollution caused by mining and extraction activities; Third, the vulnerability to natural disasters (abrasion, tsunami, erosion, climate change, et cetera); Fourth, the occurrence of area utilization conflict; and Fifth, low productivity of biological marine resources utilization. The method used in this study was a qualitative research method with in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The results show that two issues become marine management problems in the southern coastal area of Lebak Regency, the first is environmental degradation, the second is space use conflicts, and the third is waste pollution due to organic and non-organic waste. Meanwhile, actor mapping shows that the government, in this case, the Regent as the authority in the area, has the power, influence, and interest to give input to the marine management of the Southern Coast of Lebak Regency so that it would not only increase the local revenue but also have a significant effect on the local communities, especially the fisher people and, and the environmental sustainability.
Perspectives from the stakeholder: Students’ views regarding learning analytics and data collection
Authors: West Deborah , Luzeckyj Ann , Searle Bill , Toohey Danny , Vanderlelie Jessica , Bell Kevin R.
Published: December 2020

This article reports on a study exploring student perspectives on the collection and use of student data for learning analytics. With data collected via a mixed methods approach from 2,051 students across six Australian universities, it provides critical insights from students as a key stakeholder group. Findings indicate that while students are generally comfortable with the use of data to support their learning, they do have concerns particularly in relation to the use of demographic data, location data and data collected from wireless networks, social media and mobile applications. Two key themes emerged related to the need for transparency to support informed consent and personal-professional boundary being critical. This supports findings from other research, which reflects the need for a nuanced approach when providing information to students about the data we collect, including what we are collecting, why and how this is being used.
Implications for practice or policy:

When implementing the use of dashboards, institutions should ideally include opportunities for students to opt in and out, rather than being set so that students have agency over their data and learning.
When undertaking work in relation to learning analytics, staff need to ensure the focus of their work relates to student learning rather than academic research.
When institutions and academic staff collect and use student data (regardless of the purpose for doing so), all aspects of these processes need to be transparent to students.
Use and Application of Firearms by the Police in the Light of Human Rights Standards in Poland
Authors: Fehler Włodzimierz
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the assessment of the rules, possibilities and manners of using and applying firearms by the Police in terms of compliance with human rights. The first part of the study contains analyses focusing on general frames for the use and application of firearms and circumstances giving premises for the use or application of these arms. In the next section, the discussion covers the conduct of law enforcement officials preceding the use of firearms and refers to the question of the so-called special use of firearms. The content of the final part of the article covers mechanisms preventing abuse regarding the use and application of firearms and procedures for situations of breaching legal regulations for the use of such arms. The article closes with the summary where, based on the analyses of existing solutions and available statistical data, a conclusion is made that the Police exercise proper caution so as to ensure the observance of human rights in relation to holding legislative power to use and apply firearms. The key methods applied while preparing this article were the legal analysis and the institutional analysis. In the alternative, a descriptive method with the application of the critical analysis of the literature on the subject was also employed.
EU-Africa Relations: Towards a New Comprehensive Strategy With Africa. Between a Rock and a Hard Place
Authors: Forysiński Wojciech , Emmanuel Achiri
Published: December 2020

The European Union has a long history of relations with Africa and Africa has always been a strategic partner for the European Union. Today, however, the European Union’s relations with Africa are at a crossroads and the partnership needs to undergo a profound and rapid change. In order to properly investigate this research problem and to address its research questions concerning the future of the EU-Africa partnership, it is demonstrated that the time has come for change and redefinition of the partnership. Therefore, the overall aim of the article is to provide an insight into the EU’s new partnership with Africa, to explore its complex, fragmented nature and scope, actors, legal bases, constitutive elements and different ways both sides are going to present the new agreement to their respective constituencies. The way this research is pursued combines a number of methods. It involves textual analysis of primary sources – the instruments regulating the EU’s relations with Africa, secondary sources, documentary analysis as well as comparative, contextual and historical analysis. The complexities facing the EU and its African partners encourage curiosity and reflection about the new partnership. The article strongly emphasizes that the EU-Africa partnership does not stand still. It is a process of ever closer partnership. It has evolved from a relatively limited scale into a comprehensive system of normative instruments and institutions. And it has bifurcated into EU-ACP and EU-AU partnerships and today both partnerships are being re-negotiated. The likelihood of the negotiations being completed successfully, optimistically, by the end of 2020, remains open. It is our overall conclusion and prediction that the EU-Africa partnership will be enhanced and move a step closer to an integrated, comprehensive partnership, an effective framework for EU-AU relations.
Wprowadzenie
Authors: Smolak Marek
Published: December 2020

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O właściwościach utworu audiowizualnego „jako całości”
Authors: Sokołowska Dorota
Published: December 2020

Jednym z kontrowersyjnych zagadnień w prawie autorskim jest pojmowanie utworu audiowizualnego. Część orzecznictwa i doktryny stoi na stanowisku, że utwór audiowizualny stanowi całość, jest jednym utworem, a nie zbiorem różnych utworów tzw. „wkładowych”. W artykule prezentowana jest teza o zachowaniu status quo przez utwory wkładowe, zwłaszcza z perspektywy art. 70 ust. 2.1 ustawy o prawie autorskim i prawach pokrewnych z dnia 4 lutego 1994 r.
O znaczeniu tradycyjnej konstrukcji prawnej samorządu terytorialnego w warunkach współczesności
Authors: Niewiadomski Zygmunt
Published: December 2020

Samorząd terytorialny w naukach prawnych był do niedawna przedmiotem badań jako konstrukcja prawna (wyodrębniona wspólnota lokalna samodzielnie wykonująca funkcje administracji publicznej). Podjęcie przez samorząd nadto innych funkcji właściwych współczesności spowodowało zmianę akcentów badawczych. Na plan pierwszy wysuwają się nowe funkcje samorządu, wykraczające poza administrację publiczną (działalność na rzecz dobra wspólnego i społeczeństwa obywatelskiego). Stają się one niekiedy głównym elementem definiującym samorząd terytorialny, osłabiając dotychczasową główną funkcję samorządu w znaczeniu prawnym (wykonywanie administracji publicznej). To zaś rodzi niebezpieczeństwo traktowania samorządu jako zjawiska wyłącznie politycznego, wychodząc naprzeciw działaniom osłabiającym pozycję samorządu terytorialnego, zwłaszcza w państwach autorytarnych, rządzonych przez partie populistyczne.
Spatial distribution of agricultural yields with elevated metal concentration of the island exposed to acid mine drainage
Authors: Senoro Delia B , Bonifacio Pauline B , Mascareñas Doreen R , Tabelin Carlito B , Ney Froilan P , Lamac Ma. Rowela L , Tan Fibor J
Published: December 2020

An island province in the Philippines exposed to acid mine drainage for about 22-25 years, uncovered new discovery in selected agricultural yields. The acid mine drainage was from two open mine pits of higher elevation flowing to Boac and Mogpog River system. A total of 78 various agricultural yields samples with 234 specimens were collected and analyzed from six municipalities of Marinduque, Philippines in 2019. These agricultural yields were (A) vegetables, (B) root crops, (C) fruits, and (D) rice. Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) Perkin Elmer Optima 8000 with ICP multi-element standard solution IV were used to detect metals concentration in the agricultural samples. Digestion of samples followed the EPA Method 200.3. Results were compared with the WHO/FAO limit followed by the identification of yields and areas that pose risks to public health. Determination of the spatial distribution was by ArcGIS. The six municipalities; i.e., Boac, Buenavista, Gasan, Mogpog, Torrijos and Sta. Cruz, were labelled as B, BV, G, M, T and S, respectively. Record showed that Sample A from G contain higher metal concentration among other yields. Manganese concentration in Samples A, B, and D were found to be higher than WHO/FAO limit. However, copper and zinc concentration in Sample C in all municipalities exceeded the allowable limit. Elevated total chromium concentration was found in Sample D collected from G, T, and S. These results would help relevant government agencies and units design strategies to mitigate the degraded agricultural lands and protect public health.
Effect of wick application of growick irrigation system on the cultivation of pakcoy in sand tailing media from post-tin mining land
Authors: Inonu Ismed , Hambali Roby , Pratama Deni , Lestari Ayu Wirda
Published: December 2020

A large part of post-tin mining land covered by sand tailing which has low water storage capacity, making it vulnerable to drought stress. The innovation of irrigation technology has been developed to overcome this problem such as capillary irrigation system combined with groasis system using a large reservoir with hydroponic wick system called the growick system. This study aimed to determine the best number and type of wick in growick irrigation system to water consumption and also growth and yield of pakcoy cultivated in sand tailing media. The research was conducted from February to June 2020 at Experimental field of Universitas Bangka Belitung, Indonesia. Treatments consisted of the types of wick (flannel and stove wick) and numbers of wick per polybag (1, 2, 3, and 4 wicks). The study used a completely randomized factorial design with 3 replications. Data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 95% significant level. The result showed that usage of flannel wick gave the highest results of growth and yield of pakcoy but it absorbed more water than stove wick. Flannel wick also had lower water usage efficiency than stove wick. The use of single wick gave the highest result of growth and yield of pakcoy than using more wicks. Results of the study showed that single wick treatment gave the highest growth and yield of pakcoy. Flannel wick gave the highest growth and yield of pakcoy, but it was not significantly different from stove wick. Single flannel wick treatment showed no significant difference with single stove wick treatment in growth and yield of pakcoy except for water usage volume parameter. Flannel wick absorbed more water than stove wick, so it has lower water usage efficiency than stove wick. Application growick system using 1 stove wick was the best treatment for cultivating pakcoy in sand tailing media from post-tin mining land.
Land restoration and socio-economic contribution of bamboo in Ethiopia
Authors: Abadega Abduselam Faris , Abawaji Ibrahim Aliyi
Published: December 2020

Worldwide human activities are the driving force for land degradation; these difficulties will worsen without immediate remedial action. This pressing global issue affects mankind, especially rural communities. The indicators for land degradation is mostly reduction in benefits derived from land. Bamboo is a grass type with a very large woody stem. Bamboo forests are important both for land restoration and socio-economic value. This review paper is aimed to assess land restoration and socio-economic contributions of bamboo in Ethiopia. Ethiopia is the leading bamboo resource country in Africa. Assosa, Injibara, Gimbi, Ambo, Gurage, Bale, Masha, Chencha and Hagere-Selam are the known bamboo producing areas of Ethiopia. Basically, bamboo is considered a good plant for restoring degraded land and soil health. Bamboo has great benefits for income diversification and other socio-economic values. Additionally, bamboo plants have so many cultural and medicinal uses in many parts of Ethiopia. Though a variety of studies revealed that bamboo has a unique ability in restoring lands condition, but less attention was given for its biological soil conservation, so concerned body should create awareness regarding the importance of bamboo for soil and water conservation. Ethiopia has numerous hectares of natural bamboo, known in the African continent. But, the real benefits generated from this subsector is insignificant so, the concerned body should improve benefits obtained from bamboo. Bamboo production and processing provides job opportunities and creates economic and social stability, however, there is little attention given, and so concerned body should give special attention for this sub-sector.
Effect of TiO2/MO Nano-lubricant on Energy and Exergy Savings of an Air Conditioner using Blends of R22/R600a
Authors: Razzaq M.E. Abdur , Ahamed J. U. , Hossain M.A. M.
Published: December 2020

This experimental study determines the energetic and exergetic performances of an air conditioner using blend of R22/R600a (60:40 by mass) for different volume fractions (0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.3 %, and, 0.4 %) of TiO2 nanoparticles dispersed into mineral oil (MO). Energetic and exergetic parameters investigated in this experiment including power consumption, cooling effect, discharge pressure and temperature, coefficient of performance (COP), exergy destruction (irreversibility), irreversibility in the component, sustainability index (SI) and exergy efficiency at different operating conditions. The k-type thermocouples and pressure gauge were used to measure the temperature and pressure at different locations of the air conditioner. Thermodynamic characteristics of the refrigerant were collected using REFPROP 7. Results showed that the lowest power consumption and total exergy destruction were observed in the system with 0.4% volume fraction of TiO2 nanoparticles charge in the TiO2/MO lubricant with refrigerant blend; these values of energy consumption and total exergy destruction were 12.76 % and 7.5 % respectively, which is lower than R22/Polyol ester (POE) lubricant. The COP for the blend was increased by 6.5% to 8.3% compared to R22 and with nano-lubricant COP for the blend was increased by 17.9% to 19.9% compared to R22/POE. The air conditioner using blend charge with 0.4% TiO2/MO lubricant has the maximum COP and exergy efficiency among the selected nano-lubricants. These values of COP and exergy efficiency were 19.9 % and 35.07 % respectively, greater than that of R22/POE. Again, compressor discharge temperature was found to be decreased with the introduction of nano-lubricants compared to the original system, and the expectancy of compressor life may be extended with TiO2/MO nano-lubricant. Among the components, the compressor was found to be maximum exergy destroyer (at 60 %), followed by the condenser (at 25.4 %) and evaporator (at 13.3 %). Overall, the study found that refrigerant blend with nano-lubricant minimised the energy consumption and exergy destruction and the system operated safely with nano-lubricant without any system modification.
Promising Cathode Material for Supercapacitors LaFe0.5Cr0.5O3 Perovskite Nanoparticles
Authors: Mokhnatskyi M.L. , Yaremiy I.P. , Kolkovskyi P.I. , Mokhnatska L.V. , Yaremiy S.I. , Kachmar A.I. , Cherkach Kh.P.
Published: December 2020

In this work, the Perovskite powders LaFe0.5Cr0.5O3 with a space group of P m - 3 m was obtained by the sol-gel method. The nanoscale powders of LaFe0.5Cr0.5O3 have been tested as a cathode material for electrochemical supercapacitors. The CVA and charge-discharge curves were obtained at 0.5 mV/s to 16 mV/s and 0.5 mA/s to 16 mA/s scan rates accordingly. It is established that the cathode material LaFe0.5Cr0.5O3 demonstrates the specific capacity up to 16 F/g at a discharge scan rate 0.5 mV/s. Additionally, the maximum of the specific capacity was calculated and it is determined that C is 29.26 F/g, and the specific capacity of double electric layer CDEL is 3.44 F/g. It was determined that the contribution of the redox reactions in specific capacity is 88 %. The Nyquist plots and Mott-Schottky plots for LaFe0.5Cr0.5O3 were obtained. They consist of two parts that correspond to a different type of conductivity. Thus, it is established that LaFe0.5Cr0.5O3 shows different types of conductivity depending on the applied potential. The received values of ﬂat band potential are -1.00 V and 0.16 V for n-type and p-type of conductivity accordingly.
Ultrafine beta-FeOOH and Fe3O4 obtained by precipitation method: comparative study of electrical and electrochemical properties
Authors: Mokhnatska L.V. , Kotsyubynsky V.O. , Boichuk V.M. , Mokhnatskyi M.L. , Bandura Kh.V. , Kachmar A.I. , Hodlevska M.A. , Bachuk V.V.
Published: December 2020

In this work, ultrafine powders of b-FeOOH and Fe3O4 have been obtained by the precipitation method. The values of the specific surface area for materials b-FeOOH and Fe3O4 are 101 and 135 m2/h. Frequency dependences of specific electrical conductivity have been obtained in the temperature range of 20-150 oC. It has been found that the materials show a superlinear dependence (SPL). In addition, the crossover energies from dc to JPL and from JPL to SPL have been calculated: Edc = 0.55eV, Ep1 = 0.51eB, Ep2 = 0.16eB and Edc = 0.22 eV, Ep1 = 0.21eB, Ep2 = 0.1 eB. Potentiodynamic studies have been performed at a scan rate from 1 mV/s to 50 mV/s. The b-FeOOH electrode material showed a specific capacitance value of 80 F/g at a scan rate of 1 mV/s, while the specific capacitance of the Fe3O4 material reached 32 F/g. Galvanostatic measurements have been done for discharge currents of 0.05 A/g, 0.1 A/g -  0.25 A/g. b-FeOOH sample is characterized by the maximum specific energy value of 8 W h/kg at the value of specific power equal to 20 W/kg, and Fe3O4 material is characterized by the maximum specific energy of about 3.5 W h/kg.
Study of the structural, electrokinetic and magnetic characteristics of the Er1-xZrxNiSb semiconductor
Authors: Romaka V.A. , Stadnyk Yu. , Romaka L. , Krayovskyy V. , Нoryn A. , Klyzub P. , Pashkevych V.
Published: December 2020

Peculiarities of the structural, electrokinetic, energetic, and magnetic characteristics of Er1-xZrxNiSb semiconductive solid solution, х=0–0.10, were studied. It was suggested that when Zr (4d25s2) atoms were introduced into the structure of the ErNiSb half-Heusler phase by substitution of Er (5d06s2) atoms in 4a position, Zr atoms can also simultaneously occupy the 4c position of Ni (3d84s2) atoms. As a result, in Er1-xZrxNiSb semiconductor, the structural defects of donor nature in position 4a and ones of acceptor nature in position 4c were generated simultaneously. In this case, in the band gap of Er1-xZrxNiSb, the energy states of impurity donor  and acceptor  bands (donor-acceptor pairs) appear and determine the electrical conductivity mechanism of the semiconductor.
Physical Parameters of the Synthesized Complex Compound of Cobalt (II) with N, N'-Bis(salicylidene)semicarbazide
Authors: Osadchuk O.V. , Martyniuk V.V. , Sydoruk T.I. , Semenova O.O.
Published: December 2020

A new material of strontium tetraaquad[N, N'-bis(salicylidene)semicarbazidatocobalt(II)] dihydrate (I) with the following composition: Sr[CoL'(Н2О)2]22Н2О, where H3L = N,N'-bis(salicylidene)semicarbazide was synthesized. The molar mass of the extracted and dehydrated complex compound Sr[Co (C15H14N3O5)]2 is 838.07 g/mol, and the number of valence electrons in one molecule is 256. A cylindrical sample with a mass of 0.09 g and a volume of 17.67∙10-9 m3 was utilized for experimental studies. Experimental measurements and theoretical calculations for the main physical parameters of the synthesized material were performed. Such quantities were calculated: the substance density, the molecule mass, the number of molecules in the test cylindrical sample,  the number of valence electrons, the bandgap. Dependences of specific conductivity, current density, resistance, the Hall coefficient, and charge carrier concentration on temperature were obtained.
Identifikasi Objek Bawah Permukaan Untuk Fondasi Jalan Tol di Jakarta Menggunakan Metode Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) Pada Segmen Area Y
Authors: Widayanti Tika Devi , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Anggono Titi
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Jakarta dengan tujuan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan utilitas di bawah permukaan tanah sebelum dilakukan pembangunan fondasi jalan tol. Saat ini Jakarta sedang melakukan pembangunan infrastruktur jalan tol. Untuk itu perlu diketahui apakah ada utilitas di bawah permukaan tanah yang dapat mengganggu pembangunan fondasi jalan tol. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). Terdapat 32 lintasan yang datanya telah diolah menggunakan software reflexw 2008. Dari hasil pengolahan dan interpretasi adanya material pasir kering dengan kecepatan gelombang 0,140 m/ns pada kedalaman ~1-2m. Jenis anomali dari radargram menggambarkan lempengan berbentuk kotak dan hiperbola yang menunjukkan utilitas berbentuk silinder. Dari lintasan 1 – 32 terdapat 115 utilitas yang bisa mengganggu pembangunan fondasi jalan tol. Lintasan 5 merupakan lintasan yang paling banyak adanya utilitas terdeteksi sebanyak 6, sedangkan lintasan 10, 23 dan 28 memiliki utilitas terdeteksi paling sedikit sebanyak 2, untuk lintasan 18 dan 19 memiliki 5 utilitas terdeteksi, kemudian lintasan 2, 3, 7, 8, 11, 12, 16, 20, 22, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31 terdapat 4 utilitas terdeteksi, dan lintasan 1, 4, 6, 9, 13, 14, 15, 17, 21, 24, 32 terdapat 3 utilitas terdeteksi. Dari utilitas yang terdeteksi itu perlu dilakukan konfirmasi dengan Lembaga yang mempunyai utilitas tersebut.
Antibiotics in Prevention and Treatment of Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) Organisms causing Surgical Site Infection (SSI)
Authors: K. Lakshmi Saranya , N. Gowda Hema , K Anuradha
Published: December 2020

Antibiotics play a vital role in prevention and treatment of various infections. But inappropriate antibiotic choice could lead to emergence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) among microorganisms. Since, the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of organisms could vary from place to place; forming a local prophylaxis and treatment protocol could hugely reduce this global burden. The primary objectives of the study were to observe the frequency of multi-drug resistant organisms causing Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) and to study the pattern of antibiotic usage for the prophylaxis and treatment of SSIs. A descriptive study was carried out in general surgical wards of KR hospital, Mysore for a period of 18 months (2015-2016). The relevant data was collected from the case sheets of patients who were diagnosed with SSI. Pus samples were collected, and culture-sensitivity was done. Collected data were analyzed using relevant statistical tests. A total of 263 study subjects including both males and females were enrolled in the study. Cefotaxime was the most common antibiotic used for pre-surgical prophylaxis (n=221). Out of 263 pus samples 92% were culture positive. The most common organisms causing SSI were E-coli-ESBL (n=73) and MRSA (n=44). About 95% of organisms showed multi-drug resistance. Imipenem, Gentamicin, Piperacillin-Tazobactum and Linezolid were the most common antibiotics used in the treatment of SSIs. The result of the study is alarming. Overall, there is great rise in the prevalence of MDR organisms causing SSIs. The hospital antibiotic policy should be revised in such a way to decrease the emergence of MDR microbes.
New records of Gerromorpha (Insecta, Hemiptera, Heteroptera) from Piauí state, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Lima Franco Cleilton , Lima Lucas Ramos Costa , Rodrigues Juliana Mourão dos Santos , Azevêdo Carlos Augusto Silva de , Moreira Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo
Published: December 2020

Based on material recently collected in Piauí state, northeastern Brazil, we present new records for seven species of Gerromorpha (Insecta, Hemiptera, Heteroptera). Rheumatobates crassifemur schroederi Hungerford, 1954 (Gerridae); Mesovelia mulsanti White, 1879 (Mesoveliidae); and Paravelia polhemusi Rodrigues, Moreira, Nieser, Chen & Melo, 2014 (Veliidae) are reported from the state for the first time.
Pemahaman Dampak Game Online pada Anak-Anak Nelayan di Kota Makassar
Authors: Arianto Arianto , Bahfiarti Tuti -
Published: December 2020

Understanding the impact of fishermen children's online games is a phenomenon because it has the potential to cause internet addiction, decreased learning achievement, and even the destruction of interpersonal relationships. The purpose of this study is to categorize the understanding of fishermen children in the use of online games in Makassar City. This type of research uses a qualitative approach referring to case studies that specifically reveal children's understanding of the impact of online games, especially fishing communities. Data was collected through non-participant observation, and in-depth interviews with children aged 7-12 years chosen by purposive sampling. The results found that fishermen children's understanding of the impact of online games is high. First, the category of high comprehension is characterized by duration and low frequency or children do not play online games, high interactivity playing with peers. Second, the category of understanding being children tends to divide the time playing online games and learning with minimal duration and frequency of time. Third, the category of understanding is low in characteristics, children are very intensive to have the duration and frequency of playing online games very high, the level of interactivity with peers is low.
Perilaku Informasi Mahasiswa dan Hoaks di Media Sosial
Authors: Nurrahmi Febri , Syam Hamdani M.
Published: December 2020

The rise of hoaxes circulating on social media makes students as active social media users vulnerable to distribute hoaxes. The study used the model of information behavior by Wilson (1996) to examine information behaviors of university students in combating hoaxes on social media. Using a qualitative method, data collection was conducted through focus groups discussions with 14 students of Syiah Kuala University. The results showed that the information behaviors performed by the university students were not adequate to combat hoaxes. The critical attitude by not easily trusting information on social media was not accompanied by sufficient will and abilities to verify information they received from social media. Information dissemination behavior without verification was also found in this study. The results of this study also indicated that passive attention and search were the most dominant information behaviors among students. The results also showed that low self-efficacy encourage students to be reluctant and difficult to conduct information searches for verification. This study suggested that the model of information behaviour by Wilson (1996) was relevant to discuss students’ information behavior to combat hoaxes on social media. These findings are important to develop a social media literacy model for university students to fight against hoaxes on social media. Maraknya hoaks yang beredar di media sosial menjadikan mahasiswa sebagai pengguna media sosial aktif rentan menjadi penyebar hoaks. Penelitian menggunakan model perilaku informasi oleh Wilson (1996) untuk melihat perilaku informasi mahasiswa dalam menghadapi hoaks di media sosial. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan focus groups discussion terhadap 14 orang mahasiswa Universitas Syiah Kuala. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perilaku informasi mahasiswa dalam menghadapi hoaks belum mumpuni. Sikap kritis dengan tidak mudah mempercayai informasi di media sosial, ternyata tidak disertai kemauan dan kemampuan verifikasi informasi yang memadai. Perilaku penyebaran informasi tanpa verifikasi juga masih ditemukan. Hasil studi ini juga mengindikasikan bahwa perilaku perhatian dan pencarian pasif adalah perilaku yang paling dominan di kalangan mahasiswa. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa self-efficacy yang rendah menyebabkan mahasiswa enggan dan sulit melakukan pencarian informasi untuk verifikasi. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa model perilaku informasi oleh Wilson (1996) relevan untuk membahas perilaku informasi mahasiswa dalam menghadapi hoaks di media sosial. Hasil studi ini penting untuk mengembangkan model literasi media sosial di kalangan mahasiswa untuk menangkal hoaks.
The Da’wah Communication Strategy of Jamaah Tabligh in Sub-district of Tondo, Palu City
Authors: Nuraedah Nuraedah , Mutawakkil Mutawakkil
Published: December 2020

This study aims to analyze the da'wah communication strategy of Jamaah Tabligh that includes planning, implementing and identifying agents of change in the Jamaah da’wah in sub-district of Tondo, Palu. The research used phenomenological method with interviews and observations as data collection techniques. The results showed that Jamaah Tabligh da’wah communication strategies include; first, planning with tafakud which means ensuring readiness. Second, the implementation of da'wah through khuruj emphasizes the practice of Intiqoli (Amal Intiqoli) and the practice of maqami (Amal maqami). Third, the agents of change in the da'wah communication process are individuals and groups. The Agents referred to are ahbab karkun and amir. The role of the changer is to change morals to be praiseworthy according to the guidance of the Prophet Muhammad SAW.Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis strategi komunikasi dakwah yang mencakup perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan mengidentifikasi agen perubahan dakwah Jamaah Tabligh di Tondo, Kota Palu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode fenomenologi dengan wawancara dan observasi sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi komunikasi dakwah Jamaah Tabligh meliputi; pertama perencanaan dengan tafakud yaitu memastikan kesiapan. Kedua pelaksanaan dakwah melalui khuruj, dengan memperhatikan amalan Intiqoli dan amalan maqami. Ketiga, agen pengubah dalam proses komunikasi dakwah Jamaah Tabligh yakni individu dan kelompok. Agen pengubah yang dimaksud adalah ahbab karkun dan amir. Peran pengubah ialah merubah akhlak menjadi terpuji sesuai tuntunan Rasulullah SAW.