bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Candidate Genes Associated with Trichothecene Biosynthesis in Fusarium graminearum Species Complex Combined with Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis
Authors: Wang Jianhua , Lin Shanhai , Zhu Guanghui , Zhao Zhiyong , Wang Haoyu , Zhou Miaoping , Zhao Xingming , Wu Aibo
Published: July 2022

The Fusarium graminearum species complex is the main causal agent of wheat head blight worldwide. Trichothecenes produced by the pathogen in infected grains have important food safety implications. Previously reported studies on trichothecene production have all focused on the conditions conducive to mycotoxin production, while the molecular mechanisms of trichothecene biosynthesis in Fusarium strains under normal or non-inducing conditions are still unclear. Here, a global analysis of the fungal gene expression of three strains using the Affymetrix Fusarium GeneChip under non-inducing conditions is reported. Differentially expressed genes were identified among strains with different trichothecene-production ability, and some novel genes associated with trichothecene biosynthesis were found by bioinformatics analysis. To verify the transcriptome results, proteomic analyses of the three strains were conducted under the same culture conditions. In total, 69 unique fungal proteins were identified in 77 protein spots. Combined with transcriptome and proteome analysis, 27 novel genes were predicted to be associated with trichothecene mycotoxin production. A protein, encoded by FGSG_01403, was found to be associated with trichothecene production via proteome analysis. Gene knock-out mutations of FGSG_01403 resulted in mutants with increased production of trichothecenes. Future functional analysis of the candidate genes identified in this study may reveal new insights into the negative regulation of trichothecene production in the Fusarium graminearum species complex.
High-Fidelity Digital Twin Data Models by Randomized Dynamic Mode Decomposition and Deep Learning with Applications in Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Bistrian Diana A.
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this paper is the identification of high-fidelity digital twin data models from numerical code outputs by non-intrusive techniques (i.e., not requiring Galerkin projection of the governing equations onto the reduced modes basis). In this paper the author defines the concept of the digital twin data model (DTM) as a model of reduced complexity that has the main feature of mirroring the original process behavior. The significant advantage of a DTM is to reproduce the dynamics with high accuracy and reduced costs in CPU time and hardware for settings difficult to explore because of the complexity of the dynamics over time. This paper introduces a new framework for creating efficient digital twin data models by combining two state-of-the-art tools: randomized dynamic mode decomposition and deep learning artificial intelligence. It is shown that the outputs are consistent with the original source data with the advantage of reduced complexity. The DTMs are investigated in the numerical simulation of three shock wave phenomena with increasing complexity. The author performs a thorough assessment of the performance of the new digital twin data models in terms of numerical accuracy and computational efficiency.
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Ejiao-Related Animal Gelatins through Peptide Markers Using LC-QTOF-MS/MS and Scheduled Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) by LC-QQQ-MS/MS
Authors: Wu Wen-Jie , Li Li-Feng , Fung Hau-Yee , Cheng Hui-Yuan , Kong Hau-Yee , Wong Tin-Long , Zhang Quan-Wei , Liu Man , Bao Wan-Rong , Huo Chu-Ying , Guo Shangwei , Liu Haibin , Zhou Xiangshan , Gao Deng-Feng , Han Quan-Bin
Published: July 2022

Donkey-hide gelatin, also called Ejiao (colla corii asini), is commonly used as a food health supplement and valuable Chinese medicine. Its growing popular demand and short supply make it a target for fraud, and many other animal gelatins can be found as adulterants. Authentication remains a quality concern. Peptide markers were developed by searching the protein database. However, donkeys and horses share the same database, and there is no specific marker for donkeys. Here, solutions are sought following a database-independent strategy. The peptide profiles of authentic samples of different animal gelatins were compared using LC-QTOF-MS/MS. Fourteen specific markers, including four donkey-specific, one horse-specific, three cattle-specific, and six pig-specific peptides, were successfully found. As these donkey-specific peptides are not included in the current proteomics database, their sequences were determined by de novo sequencing. A quantitative LC-QQQ multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method was further developed to achieve highly sensitive and selective analysis. The specificity and applicability of these markers were confirmed by testing multiple authentic samples and 110 batches of commercial Ejiao products, 57 of which were found to be unqualified. These results suggest that these markers are specific and accurate for authentication purposes.
Inosine in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From the Bench to the Bedside
Authors: Basile Maria Sofia , Bramanti Placido , Mazzon Emanuela
Published: July 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer′s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS), currently represent major unmet medical needs. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies are needed in order to improve patients’ quality of life and prognosis. Since oxidative stress can be strongly involved in neurodegenerative diseases, the potential use of inosine, known for its antioxidant properties, in this context deserves particular attention. The protective action of inosine treatment could be mediated by its metabolite urate. Here, we review the current preclinical and clinical studies investigating the use of inosine in AD, PD, ALS, and MS. The most important properties of inosine seem to be its antioxidant action and its ability to raise urate levels and to increase energetic resources by improving ATP availability. Inosine appears to be generally safe and well tolerated; however, the possible formation of kidney stones should be monitored, and data on its effectiveness should be further explored since, so far, they have been controversial. Overall, inosine could be a promising potential strategy in the management of neurodegenerative diseases, and additional studies are needed in order to further investigate its safety and efficacy and its use as a complementary therapy along with other approved drugs.
Development of Certified Reference Materials for the Determination of Apparent Amylose Content in Rice
Authors: Shao Yafang , Zhu Dawei , Yu Jing , Fang Changyun , Mou Renxiang , Hu Xianqiao , Zhu Zhiwei , Chen Mingxue
Published: July 2022

Apparent amylose content (AAC) is one of the most important parameters in rice quality evaluation. In this study, four rice reference materials used to test rice AAC were developed. The AAC of rice reference materials were measured by a spectrophotometric method with a defatting procedure, calibrated from potato amylose and waxy rice amylopectin at the absorption wavelengths of 620 and 720 nm. Homogeneity test (n = 20) was judged by F-test based on the mean squares of among and within bottles, and short- and long-term stability monitoring was performed by T-test to check if there was significant degradation at the delivery temperature of under 40 °C (14 days) and at 0–4 °C storage condition (18 months), respectively. After joint evaluation by ten laboratories, Dixion and Cochran statistical analyses were presented. The expanded uncertainties were calculated based on the uncertainty of homogeneity, short- and long-term stability, and inter-laboratory validation containing factor k = 2. It found that the four reference materials were homogenous and stable, and had the AAC (g/100 g, k = 2) of 2.96 ± 1.01, 10.68 ± 0.66, 17.18 ± 1.04, and 16.09 ± 1.29, respectively, at 620 nm, and 1.46 ± 0.49, 10.44 ± 0.56, 16.82 ± 0.75, and 24.33 ± 0.52, respectively, at 720 nm. It was indicated that 720 nm was more suitable for the determination of rice AAC with lower uncertainties. The determinations of the AAC of 11 rice varieties were carried out by two methods, the method without defatting and with calibration from the four rice reference materials and the method with a defatting procedure and calibrating from potato amylose and waxy rice amylopectin. It confirmed that the undefatted rice reference materials could achieve satisfactory results to test the rice samples with the AAC ranging from 1 to 25 g/100 g. It would greatly reduce the time cost and improve testing efficiency and applicability, and provide technical support for the high-quality development of the rice industry.
Post-Modification of Copolymers Obtained by ATRP for an Application in Heterogeneous Asymmetric Salen Catalysis
Authors: Bakangura Erigene , Roger Philippe , Soares Rafaela S. B. , Mellah Mohamed , Barroca-Aubry Nadine , Gouget-Laemmel Anne-Chantal , Ozanam François , Costa Ludovic , Baltaze Jean-Pierre , Schulz Emmanuelle
Published: July 2022

Copolymers are valuable supports for obtaining heterogeneous catalysts that allow their recycling and therefore substantial savings, particularly in the field of asymmetric catalysis. This contribution reports the use of two comonomers: Azido-3-propylmethacrylate (AZMA) bearing a reactive azide function was associated with 2-methoxyethyl methacrylate (MEMA), used as a spacer, for the ATRP synthesis of copolymers, and then post-functionalized with a propargyl chromium salen complex. The controlled homopolymerization of MEMA by ATRP was firstly described and proved to be more controlled in molar mass than that of AZMA for conversions up to 63%. The ATRP copolymerization of both monomers made it possible to control the molar masses and the composition, with nevertheless a slight increase in the dispersity (from 1.05 to 1.3) when the incorporation ratio of AZMA increased from 10 to 50 mol%. These copolymers were post-functionalized with chromium salen units by click chemistry and their activity was evaluated in the asymmetric ring opening of cyclohexene oxide with trimethylsilyl azide. At an equal catalytic ratio, a significant increase in enantioselectivity was obtained by using the copolymer containing the largest part of salen units, probably allowing, in this case, the more favorable bimetallic activation of both the engaged nucleophile and electrophile. Moreover, the catalytic polymer was recovered by simple filtration and re-engaged in subsequent catalytic runs, up to seven times, without loss of activity or selectivity.
Piperidine-Iodine as Efficient Dual Catalyst for the One-Pot, Three-Component Synthesis of Coumarin-3-Carboxamides
Authors: Velasco Manuel , Romero-Ceronio Nancy , Torralba Rosalía , Hernández Abreu Oswaldo , Vilchis-Reyes Miguel A. , Alarcón-Matus Erika , Ramos-Rivera Erika M. , Aparicio David M. , Jiménez Jacqueline , Aguilar García Eric , Cruz Cruz David , Villegas Gómez Clarisa , Alvarado Cuauhtémoc
Published: July 2022

A simple and efficient one-pot, three-component synthetic method for the preparation of coumarin-3-carboxamides was carried out by the reaction of salicylaldehyde, aliphatic primary/secondary amines, and diethylmalonate. The protocol employs piperidine-iodine as a dual system catalyst and ethanol, a green solvent. The main advantages of this approach are that it is a metal-free and clean reaction, has low catalyst loading, and requires no tedious workup.
Involvement of Resveratrol against Brain Cancer: A Combination Strategy with a Pharmaceutical Approach
Authors: Karthika Chenmala , Najda Agnieszka , Klepacka Joanna , Zehravi Mehrukh , Akter Rokeya , Akhtar Muhammad Furqan , Saleem Ammara , Al-Shaeri Majed , Mondal Banani , Ashraf Ghulam Md. , Tagde Priti , Ramproshad Sarker , Ahmad Zubair , Khan Farhat S. , Rahman Md. Habibur
Published: July 2022

A brain tumor (BT) is a condition in which there is growth or uncontrolled development of the brain cells, which usually goes unrecognized or is diagnosed at the later stages. Since the mechanism behind BT is not clear, and the various physiological conditions are difficult to diagnose, the success rate of BT is not very high. This is the central issue faced during drug development and clinical trials with almost all types of neurodegenerative disorders. In the first part of this review, we focus on the concept of brain tumors, their barriers, and the types of delivery possible to target the brain cells. Although various treatment methods are available, they all have side effects or toxic effects. Hence, in the second part, a correlation was made between the use of resveratrol, a potent antioxidant, and its advantages for brain diseases. The relationship between brain disease and the blood–brain barrier, multi-drug resistance, and the use of nanomedicine for treating brain disorders is also mentioned. In short, a hypothetical concept is given with a background investigation into the use of combination therapy with resveratrol as an active ingredient, the possible drug delivery, and its formulation-based approach.
In Silico Target Identification of Galangin, as an Herbal Flavonoid against Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Balasubramanian Brinda , Venkatraman Simran , Myint Kyaw Zwar , Krobthong Sucheewin , Wongtrakoongate Patompon , Sripa Jittiyawadee , Rattanasinganchan Panthip , Metheenukul Pornphimon , Tohtong Rutaiwan
Published: July 2022

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a heterogenous group of malignancies in the bile duct, which proliferates aggressively. CCA is highly prevalent in Northeastern Thailand wherein it is associated with liver fluke infection, or Opisthorchis viverrini (OV). Most patients are diagnosed in advanced stages, when the cancer has metastasized or severely progressed, thereby limiting treatment options. Several studies investigate the effect of traditional Thai medicinal plants that may be potential therapeutic options in combating CCA. Galangin is one such herbal flavonoid that has medicinal properties and exhibits anti-tumor properties in various cancers. In this study, we investigate the role of Galangin in inhibiting cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in OV-infected CCA cell lines. We discovered that Galangin reduced cell viability and colony formation by inducing apoptosis in CCA cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Further, Galangin also effectively inhibited invasion and migration in OV-infected CCA cells by reduction of MMP2 and MMP9 enzymatic activity. Additionally, using proteomics, we identified proteins affected post-treatment with Galangin. Enrichment analysis revealed that several kinase pathways were affected by Galangin, and the signature corroborated with that of small molecule kinase inhibitors. Hence, we identified putative targets of Galangin using an in silico approach which highlighted c-Met as candidate target. Galangin effectively inhibited c-Met phosphorylation and subsequent signaling in in vitro CCA cells. In addition, Galangin was able to inhibit HGF, a mediator of c-Met signaling, by suppressing HGF-stimulated invasion, as well as migration and MMP9 activity. This shows that Galangin can be a useful anti-metastatic therapeutic strategy in a subtype of CCA patients.
Self-Supply Oxygen ROS Reactor via Fenton-like Reaction and Modulating Glutathione for Amplified Cancer Therapy Effect
Authors: Zhang Huanli , Ma Wei , Wang Zhiqiang , Wu Xiaodan , Zhang Hui , Fang Wen , Yan Rui , Jin Yingxue
Published: July 2022

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive oxidant molecules that can kill cancer cells through irreversible damage to biomacromolecules. ROS-mediated cancer therapies, such as chemodynamic (CDT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), are often limited by the hypoxia tumor microenvironment (TME) with high glutathione (GSH) level. This paper reported the preparation, characterization, in vitro and in vivo antitumor bioactivity of a meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine (TCPP)-based therapeutic nanoplatform (CMMFTP) to overcome the limitations of TME. Using Cu2+ as the central ion and TCPP as the ligand, the 2D metal-organic framework Cu-TCPP was synthesized by the solvothermal method, then CMMFTP was prepared by modifying MnO2, folic acid (FA), triphenylphosphine (TPP), and poly (allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) on the surface of Cu-TCPP MOFs. CMMFTP was designed as a self-oxygenating ROS nanoreactor based on the PDT process of TCPP MOFs and the CDT process by Cu(II) and MnO2 components (mainly through Fenton-like reaction). The in vitro assay suggested CMMFTP caused a 96% lethality rate against Hela cells (MTT analysis) in specific response to TME stimulation. Moreover, the Cu(II) and MnO2 in CMMFTP efficiently depleted the glutathione (80%) in tumor cells and consequently amplified ROS levels to improve CDT/PDT effects. The FA-induced tumor targeting and TPP-induced mitochondria targeting further enhanced the antitumor activity. Therefore, the nanoreactor based on dual targeting and self-oxygenation-enhanced ROS mechanism provided a new strategy for cancer therapy.
Dietary Intake of Young Male Ice Hockey Players 10–13 Years of Age during a Week-Long Hockey Camp
Authors: Vermeulen Tyler F. , Boville Stephanie M. , Gamble Alexander S. D. , Bigg Jessica L. , McCarthy Devin G. , Eskedjian Gregory S. , Spriet Lawrence L.
Published: July 2022

This study recorded the dietary intakes of young male ice hockey players (10–13 year (yr)) for 3 consecutive days while participating in a 5-day summer hockey camp. Players were categorized as older children (OC, n = 10; 10.7 ± 0.2 yr; 37.1 ± 1.5 kg; 147.9 ± 2.1 cm) and young adolescents (YA, n = 10; 12.9 ± 0.1 yr; 45.2 ± 1.5 kg; 157.0 ± 2.4 cm). Players consumed their usual daily intakes. Parents recorded food intake in the mornings and evenings, while the researchers recorded food intake at camp. Energy intake was higher in both groups when compared to data for age-matched young Canadian (CDN) males (OC, 2967 ± 211 vs. 2000 kcal/day; YA, 2773 ± 91 vs. 2250 kcal/day). Carbohydrate (CHO) (OC, 11.2 ± 0.8 vs. YO, 8.9 ± 0.5 g/kg body mass/day) and protein (OC, 3.2 ± 0.3; YO, 2.4 ± 0.1 g/kg/day) intakes were higher than reported for young CDN males (CHO, 3.6 and protein, 1.0 g/kg/day) and were within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR; CHO, 56 ± 2.3; 57.4 ± 0.8%; protein, 16.1 ± 1.0; 15.7 ± 0.7%). Fat intake was also within the AMDR in both groups (OC, 29.8 ± 1.6%; YA, 28.3 ± 1.0%). Micronutrient intake was adequate except for Vitamin D intakes that were below the recommended 15 ug/day at 6.3 ± 0.7 (OC) and 5.0 ± 1.5 ug/day (YA). In summary, energy and macronutrient intakes of the OC (10–11 yr) and YA (12–13 yr) players were high and well above the age matched CDN norms. The older children had higher energy intakes/kg body mass than the young adolescents. Higher energy intakes allowed for micronutrients intakes to be met in these young active males, except for vitamin D intake.
Effect of Evening Primrose Oil Supplementation on Selected Parameters of Skin Condition in a Group of Patients Treated with Isotretinoin—A Randomized Double-Blind Trial
Authors: Kaźmierska Agnieszka , Bolesławska Izabela , Polańska Adriana , Dańczak-Pazdrowska Aleksandra , Jagielski Paweł , Drzymała-Czyż Sławomira , Adamski Zygmunt , Przysławski Juliusz
Published: July 2022

Background: Retinoids, which include isotretinoin, reduce sebum levels, the degree of epidermal wetness (CORN) and cause an increase in transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Weight gain has also been observed in isotretinoin-treated patients. An agent that can reduce the severity of isotretinoin side effects is evening primrose oil (Oenothera paradoxa). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of evening primrose oil supplementation in patients with acne vulgaris treated with isotretinoin on skin hydration status (CORN), transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin oiliness (sebum) and changes in body weight and BMI. Methods: Patients diagnosed with acne were assigned to the isotretinoin-treated group (n = 25) or the isotretinoin and evening primrose oil-treated group (n = 25). The intervention lasted 9 months. CORN (with a corneometer), TEWL (with a tewameter) and sebum (with a sebumeter) were assessed twice, as well as body weight and BMI (Tanita MC-780). Results: The isotretinoin-treated group showed statistically significant reductions in CORN (p = 0.015), TEWL (p = 0.004) and sebum (p < 0.001) after the intervention. In the group treated with isotretinoin and evening primrose oil, TEWL and sebum levels also decreased significantly (p < 0.05), while CORN levels increased from 42.0 ± 9.70 to 50.9 ± 10.4 (p = 0.017). A significant decrease in body weight (p < 0.001) and BMI (p < 0.001) was observed in both groups after 9 months of intervention. Conclusions: During isotretinoin treatment, supplementation with evening primrose oil increased skin hydration. However, there were no differences between groups in transepidermal water loss, skin oiliness, weight loss and BMI.
Role of Short Chain Fatty Acids in Epilepsy and Potential Benefits of Probiotics and Prebiotics: Targeting “Health” of Epileptic Patients
Authors: Kim Soomin , Park Siyeon , Choi Tae Gyu , Kim Sung Soo
Published: July 2022

The WHO’s definition of health transcends the mere absence of disease, emphasizing physical, mental, and social well-being. As this perspective is being increasingly applied to the management of chronic diseases, research on gut microbiota (GM) is surging, with a focus on its potential for persistent and noninvasive dietary therapeutics. In patients with epilepsy (PWE), a chronic lack of seizure control along with often neglected psychiatric comorbidities greatly disrupt the quality of life. Evidence shows that GM-derived short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) may impact seizure susceptibility through modulating (1) excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmitters, (2) oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and (3) psychosocial stress. These functions are also connected to shared pathologies of epilepsy and its two most common psychiatric consequences: depression and anxiety. As the enhancement of SCFA production is enabled through direct administration, as well as probiotics and prebiotics, related dietary treatments may exert antiseizure effects. This paper explores the potential roles of SCFAs in the context of seizure control and its mental comorbidities, while analyzing existing studies on the effects of pro/prebiotics on epilepsy. Based on currently available data, this study aims to interpret the role of SCFAs in epileptic treatment, extending beyond the absence of seizures to target the health of PWE.
Masticatory Behaviors and Gender Differences in People with Obesity as Measured via an Earphone-Style Light-Sensor-Based Mastication Meter
Authors: Hidaka Nagisa , Kurose Satoshi , Takao Nana , Miyauchi Takumi , Nakajima Sachiko , Yoshiuchi Sawako , Fujii Aya , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Tsutsumi Hiromi , Habu Daiki , Taniguchi Kazuhiro , Kimura Yutaka
Published: July 2022

While people with obesity have been found to chew fewer times and for shorter durations, few studies have quantitatively evaluated mastication among this group. This study examined the relationship between the mastication characteristics of people with obesity and the factors correlated with obesity. To this end, 46 people with obesity and 41 healthy participants placed an earphone-style light sensor in the aperture of their outer ear. We also examined the partial correlation between this, their body composition, and various biochemical markers by gender. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) regarding the masticatory index, gender, and the presence/absence of obesity for all three food items revealed the main effects in the gender difference and the presence/absence of obesity. Additionally, the number of times the salad was chewed showed an interaction between the gender and the presence/absence of obesity. In the BMI-corrected partial correlation analysis of the chewing index and the glucose/lipid metabolism index, the chewing time and the number of chews of all the food items negatively correlated with hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), immunoreactive insulin (IRI), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-R) in the female obese group. These findings might be used in weight-loss interventions for men with obesity and treatments that target the metabolic function among women with obesity.
The Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Respiratory Tract Infections in Childhood: A Narrative Review
Authors: Zama Daniele , Totaro Camilla , Biscardi Lorenzo , Rocca Alessandro , Turroni Silvia , Brigidi Patrizia , Lanari Marcello
Published: July 2022

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are common in childhood and represent one of the main causes of hospitalization in this population. In recent years, many studies have described the association between gut microbiota (GM) composition and RTIs in animal models. In particular, the “inter-talk” between GM and the immune system has recently been unveiled. However, the role of GM in human, and especially infantile, RTIs has not yet been fully established. In this narrative review we provide an up-to-date overview of the physiological pathways that explain how the GM shapes the immune system, potentially influencing the response to common childhood respiratory viral infections and compare studies analysing the relationship between GM composition and RTIs in children. Most studies provide evidence of GM dysbiosis, but it is not yet possible to identify a distinct bacterial signature associated with RTI predisposition. A better understanding of GM involvement in RTIs could lead to innovative integrated GM-based strategies for the prevention and treatment of RTIs in the paediatric population.
Potential for Front of Pack Labeling Exposure to Impact US Dietary Choices: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study Using NHANES 2017–2018
Authors: Roark Elizabeth K. , Rehm Colin D. , Sherry Christina L.
Published: July 2022

In recent years, front-of-pack nutrition labeling (FOPL) schemes have proliferated, but the components of the diet subject to FOPL have not been described. This study quantified the proportion and elements of the diet that would be subject to FOPL in the US. The 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 7121; age ≥2 year) 24-h dietary recalls were used to identify foods/beverages subject to FOPL. The proportion of dietary energy and additional dietary constituents subject to FOPL was estimated. Overall, 57% of dietary energy would be subject to FOPL. Individuals consuming more away-from-home meals had lower exposure to FOPL. Adults with a healthy-weight and those consuming a more healthful diet had more exposure to FOPL. Protein, sodium, potassium, whole fruit, vegetables, and unprocessed meats were less subject to FOPL as compared to total sugars, added sugars, calcium, fruit juice, milk, yogurt, nuts/seeds and whole grains. Because less than 60% of the diet would be impacted by FOPL, implementation of such a policy may have limited reach for the US diet and demonstrates some inconsistencies with current dietary guidance regarding the under- and over-representation of key food groups and nutrients.
What Intervention Elements Drive Weight Loss in Blended-Care Behavior Change Interventions? A Real-World Data Analysis with 25,706 Patients
Authors: Schirmann Felix , Kanehl Philipp , Jones Lucy
Published: July 2022

Background: Blended-care behavior change interventions (BBCI) are a combination of digital care and coaching by health care professionals (HCP), which are proven effective for weight loss. However, it remains unclear what specific elements of BBCI drive weight loss. Objectives: This study aims to identify the distinct impact of HCP-elements (coaching) and digital elements (self-monitoring, self-management, and education) for weight loss in BBCI. Methods: Long-term data from 25,706 patients treated at a digital behavior change provider were analyzed retrospectively using a ridge regression model to predict weight loss at 3, 6, and 12 months. Results: Overall relative weight loss was −1.63 kg at 1 month, −3.61 kg at 3 months, −5.28 kg at 6 months, and −6.55 kg at 12 months. The four factors of BBCI analyzed here (coaching, self-monitoring, self-management, and education) predict weight loss with varying accuracy and degree. Coaching, self-monitoring, and self-management are positively correlated with weight losses at 3 and 6 months. Learn time (i.e., self-guided education) is clearly associated with a higher degree of weight loss. Number of appointments outside of app coaching with a dietitian (coach) was negatively associated with weight loss. Conclusions: The results testify to the efficacy of BBCI for weight loss-with particular positive associations per time point-and add to a growing body of research that characterizes the distinct impact of intervention elements in real-world settings, aiming to inform the design of future interventions for weight management.
Nanoparticles in Endodontics Disinfection: State of the Art
Authors: Roig-Soriano Xavier , Souto Eliana B. , Elmsmari Firas , Garcia Maria Luisa , Espina Marta , Duran-Sindreu Fernando , Sánchez-López Elena , González Sánchez Jose Antonio
Published: July 2022

Endodontic-related diseases constitute the fourth most expensive pathologies in industrialized countries. Specifically, endodontics is the part of dentistry focused on treating disorders of the dental pulp and its consequences. In order to treat these problems, especially endodontic infections, dental barriers and complex root canal anatomy should be overcome. This constitutes an unmet medical need since the rate of successful disinfection with the currently marketed drugs is around 85%. Therefore, nanoparticles constitute a suitable alternative in order to deliver active compounds effectively to the target site, increasing their therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, in the present review, an overview of dental anatomy and the barriers that should be overcome for effective disinfection will be summarized. In addition, the versatility of nanoparticles for drug delivery and their specific uses in dentistry are comprehensively discussed. Finally, the latest findings, potential applications and state of the art nanoparticles with special emphasis on biodegradable nanoparticles used for endodontic disinfection are also reviewed.
Combination of Lanosterol and Nilvadipine Nanosuspensions Rescues Lens Opacification in Selenite-Induced Cataractic Rats
Authors: Deguchi Saori , Kadowaki Reita , Otake Hiroko , Taga Atsushi , Nakazawa Yosuke , Misra Manju , Yamamoto Naoki , Sasaki Hiroshi , Nagai Noriaki
Published: July 2022

It has recently been reported that lanosterol (LAN) plays a preventive role against lens opacification through the reversal of crystalline aggregation. However, the effect of LAN is not sufficient to restore lens transparency. In this study, we designed ophthalmic nanosuspensions (LAN-ONSs and NIL-ONSs) based on LAN and nilvadipine (NIL), which can counteract cataract-related factors (e.g., enhanced Ca2+ and calpain levels), and investigated whether the combination of LAN-ONSs and NIL-ONSs can restore the nuclear lens opacity in sodium-selenite-induced cataractic rats (cataractic rats). The mean particle sizes of the LAN-ONSs and NIL-ONSs were 108.8 nm and 89.0 nm, respectively. The instillation of the LAN-ONSs or NIL-ONSs successfully delivered the drugs (LAN or NIL) into the lenses of the rats, although the instillation of LAN-ONSs or NIL-ONSs alone did not increase lens transparency in the cataractic rats. On the other hand, the cataract-related factors (enhanced Ca2+ and calpain levels) were significantly alleviated by the combination of LAN-ONSs and NIL-ONSs; furthermore, the perinuclear refractile ring in the lens nucleus and enhanced number of swollen fibers were attenuated by the LAN-ONS and NIL-ONS combination. Moreover, the opacity levels in the cataractic rats were reduced after treatment with the combination of LAN-ONSs and NIL-ONSs. It is possible that the combination of LAN and NIL will be useful for the treatment of lens opacification in the future.
Laminin Receptor-Mediated Nanoparticle Uptake by Tumor Cells: Interplay of Epigallocatechin Gallate and Magnetic Force at Nano–Bio Interface
Authors: Hsu Sheng-Chieh , Wu Nian-Ping , Lu Yi-Ching , Ma Yunn-Hwa
Published: July 2022

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major tea catechin, enhances cellular uptake of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), but the mechanism remains unclear. Since EGCG may interact with the 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), we investigate whether a receptor and its downstream signaling may mediate EGCG’s enhancement effects on nanoparticle uptake. As measured using a colorimetric iron assay, EGCG induced a concentration-dependent enhancement effect of MNP internalization by LN-229 glioma cells, which was synergistically enhanced by the application of a magnetic field. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that EGCG increased the number, but not the size, of internalized vesicles, whereas EGCG and the magnet synergistically increased the size of vesicles. EGCG appears to enhance particle–particle interaction and thus aggregation following a 5-min magnet application. An antibody against 67LR, knockdown of 67LR, and a 67LR peptide (amino acid 161–170 of 67LR) attenuated EGCG-induced MNP uptake by 35%, 100%, and 45%, respectively, suggesting a crucial role of 67LR in the effects of EGCG. Heparin, the 67LR-binding glycosaminoglycan, attenuated EGCG-induced MNP uptake in the absence, but not presence, of the magnet. Such enhancement effects of EGCG were attenuated by LY294002 (a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor) and Akt inhibitor, but not by agents affecting cGMP levels, suggesting potential involvement of signaling downstream of 67LR. In contrast, the antibody against EGFR exerted no effect on EGCG-enhanced internalization. These results suggest that 67LR may be potentially amenable to tumor-targeted therapeutics.
Range Intensity Profiles of Multi-Slice Integration for Pulsed Laser Range-Gated Imaging System
Authors: Lin Hongsheng , Han Hongwei , Ma Liheng , Ding Zhichao , Jin Dongdong , Zhang Xiaohui
Published: July 2022

Pulsed laser range-gated imaging (PLRGI) is one of the most effective methods to achieve underwater high-resolution imaging. When searching target, there are two methods can be used: fixed gate and sliding gate. In practice, fixed gate has a small depth of field of view and sliding gate cannot meet the need of real time. In order to overcome these problems, multi-slice integration (MSI) method is proposed in this paper. First, the laser energy received by the PLRGI system is derived from radiative transfer theory. In addition, range intensity profiles (RIP) of MSI method is established. Experiments are carried out in lab to validate the RIP model and results show that theoretical data and experimental data are in good coincidence. Then the gate width and the number of pulse assigned to each slice are discussed. Finally, to prove the effectiveness of the MSI method, experiments are carried out in a boat tank. Results show that the MSI method is better than the fixed gate method for surveillance, and can acquire a clear image of the target at 18 m (4.5 times of the attenuation length) in the water with attenuation coefficient of 0.25 m−1.
Tolerability and Safety of Transcranial Photobiomodulation for Mood and Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Cassano Paolo , Norton Richard , Caldieraro Marco Antonio , Vahedifard Farzan , Vizcaino Fernando , McEachern Kayla Marie , Iosifescu Dan
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Mood and anxiety disorders are a prevalent and significant leading cause of years lived with a disability worldwide. Existing antidepressants drugs are only partially effective, having burdensome side effects. One-third of patients do not achieve remission after several adequate antidepressant trials, and relapses of depression are frequent. Psychotherapies for depression are limited by the lack of trained professionals, and further by out-of-pocket prohibitive costs. Existing FDA-approved, device-based interventions are either invasive or only administered in the office. Transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM) with near-infrared (NIR) light may be a promising treatment option for mood and anxiety disorders. Due to its low cost, and ease of self-administration, t-PBM has the potential to become widely accessible. The safety profile of t-PBM is a relevant factor for widespread use and administration. Aim: To further investigate the t-PBM safety profile, this study aims to evaluate the tolerability and safety of t-PBM for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Method: We completed a systematic analysis of the side effects from repeated sessions of t-PBM in three studies: an open-label study for GAD (LIGHTEN GAD) and two randomized control studies for MDD (ELATED-2; ELATED-3). Overall, 80 subjects were studied. Result: Our results show that a low dose of NIR per t-PBM session can be administered with increasing frequency (up to daily sessions) and for several weeks (up to 12 weeks) without a corresponding increase in the occurrence or severity of adverse events. Additionally, there were no significant predictors for the variance in the number of reported adverse events (such as age, sex or diagnosis). Conclusion: The literature indicates that higher dosages of transcranial NIR could lead to greater antidepressant and anxiolytic effects; this study did not find any correlation between the increasing number of t-PBM sessions and the occurrence of adverse events.
Dynamics of Rising Bubbles and Their Impact with Viscoelastic Fluid Interfaces
Authors: Zhang Yongjian , Liu Chenlong , Tang Xiuxing , Dong Xin , He Tan , Wang Heyi , Zang Duyang
Published: July 2022

Bubble dynamics plays a significant role in a wide range of industrial fields, such as food, pharmacy and chemical engineering. The physicochemical properties of complex fluids can greatly affect the speed with which bubbles rise, and the lifetime of bubbles, which in turn can affect the efficiency of food and drug manufacturing and also sewage purification. Therefore, it is of great scientific and practical significance to study the influence mechanism of nanoparticles and surfactants on bubble rising and impact in a complex fluid interface. This paper selects a mixed dispersion liquid of nanoparticles (SiO2) and a surfactant (SDS) as the objects of the study, observes in real-time the entire processes of bubbles rising, impact at the gas-liquid interface, and rupture, and analyzes the dynamic mechanism of bubble impact in a complex fluid interface. By analyzing the morphological changes of the rising bubbles, the rising velocity and the lifetime of the bubbles, it is found that the surfactant molecules are distributed in the ultrapure water liquid pool and the liquid film surrounding the bubbles. Such distribution can reduce the viscoelasticity between bubbles and the liquid surface, and lower the surface tension of the liquid, which can reduce the rising velocity of bubbles, delay the drainage process of bubbles on a liquid surface, and enhance the lifetime of bubbles. If the liquid surface is covered with nanoparticles, a reticulate structure will be formed on the bubble liquid film, which can inhibit bubble discharge and prolong bubble lifetime. In addition, the influence of such a reticulate structure on liquid surface tension is limited and its function is far smaller than a surfactant.
Mechanical Properties of Injection Molded PP/PET-Nanofibril Composites and Foams
Authors: Mark Lun Howe , Zhao Chongxiang , Chu Raymond K. M. , Park Chul B.
Published: July 2022

The creation and application of PET nanofibrils for PP composite reinforcement were studied. PET nanofibrils were fibrillated within a PP matrix using a spunbond process and then injection molded to test for the end-use properties. The nanofibril reinforcement helped to provide higher tensile and flexural performance in solid (unfoamed) injection molded parts. With foam injection molding, the nanofibrils also helped to improve and refine the microcellular morphology, which led to improved performance. Easily and effectively increasing the strength of a polymeric composite is a goal for many research endeavors. By creating nanoscale fibrils within the matrix itself, effective bonding and dispersion have already been achieved, overcoming the common pitfalls of fiber reinforcement. As blends of PP and PET are drawn in a spunbond system, the PET domains are stretched into nanoscale fibrils. By adapting the spunbonded blends for use in injection molding, both solid and foamed nanocomposites are created. The injection molded nanocomposites achieved increased in both tensile and flexural strength. The solid and foamed tensile strength increased by 50 and 100%, respectively. In addition, both the solid and foamed flexural strength increased by 100%. These increases in strength are attributed to effective PET nanofibril reinforcement.
Activation of Persulfate for Degrading Tetracycline Using the Leaching Residues of the Lead-Zinc Flotation Tailing
Authors: Wang Jun , Wen Xiaocui , Jiang Shaojun , Chen Tao
Published: July 2022

Inappropriate disposal of leaching residues from the lead-zinc tailings recovery process may result in environmental pollution. Its recycling and reuse remain a prevalent topic in environmental science and technology. It was roasted to prepare leaching residues-based materials (TLRS) in this work, and the TLRS were creatively used as the catalyst to active sodium persulfate (PS) to degrade organic pollutants. Degradation of tetracycline using the TLRS–PS system was evaluated, and the treating parameters were optimized. Roasting resulted in the exposure of active sites on TLRS surface, in which transition metals can donate electrons to PS to form SO4·−. SO4·− can further react with OH− to form ·OH. Formation of these radicals was confirmed by both quenching experiments and EPR analysis. Under optimized conditions, 85% of the TC can be degraded in 3.0 h, and ~50% of degraded TC was mineralized to CO2 and H2O. The performance of TLRS barely changed after four reuses, suggesting the chemical stability of TLRS. The presence of dissolved substance in the water matrix could weaken the performance of the TLRS–PS system. A mechanism of TC degradation was proposed based on the experimental results and literature. These preliminary results provide us new insight on the reuse of lead-zinc flotation tailings.
Inline Weld Depth Evaluation and Control Based on OCT Keyhole Depth Measurement and Fuzzy Control
Authors: Schmoeller Maximilian , Weiss Tony , Goetz Korbinian , Stadter Christian , Bernauer Christian , Zaeh Michael F.
Published: July 2022

In an industrial joining process, exemplified by deep penetration laser beam welding, ensuring a high quality of welds requires a great effort. The quality cannot be fully established by testing, but can only be produced. The fundamental requirements for a high weld seam quality in laser beam welding are therefore already laid in the process, which makes the use of control systems essential in fully automated production. With the aid of process monitoring systems that can supply data inline to a production process, the foundation is laid for the efficient and cycle-time-neutral control of welding processes. In particular, if novel, direct measurement methods, such as Optical Coherence Tomography, are used for the acquisition of direct geometric quantities, e.g., the weld penetration depth, a significant control potential can be exploited. In this work, an inline weld depth control system based on an OCT keyhole depth measurement is presented. The system is capable of automatically executing an inline control of the deep penetration welding process based only on a specified target weld depth. The performance of the control system was demonstrated on various aluminum alloys and for different penetration depths. In addition, the ability of the control to respond to unforeseen external disturbances was tested. Within the scope of this work, it was thus possible to provide an outlook on future developments in the field of laser welding technology, which could develop in the direction of an intuitive manufacturing process. This objective should be accomplished through the use of intelligent algorithms and innovative measurement technology—following the example of laser beam cutting, where the processing systems themselves have been provided with the ability to select suitable process parameters for several years now.
Modeling of Multiphase Flow, Superheat Dissipation, Particle Transport, and Capture in a Vertical and Bending Continuous Caster
Authors: Liang Mingyi , Cho Seong-Mook , Ruan Xiaoming , Thomas Brian G.
Published: July 2022

A new model of particle entrapment during continuous casting of steel is presented, which includes the effects of multiphase flow from argon gas injection and thermal buoyancy from superheat in the strand. The model simulates three different capture mechanisms, including capture by solidified hooks at the meniscus, entrapment between dendrites, and engulfment by the surrounding of large particles. The fluid flow and bubble capture results are validated with plant measurements, including nail board dipping tests and ultrasonic tests, respectively, and good agreement is seen. Results suggest that the superheat has a negligible effect on the flow in the mold region. However, higher (30 K) superheat causes a more complex flow in the lower strand by creating multiple recirculation zones due to the thermal buoyancy effects. This causes less penetration deep into the strand, which leads to fewer and shallower particle captures. Lower (10 K) superheat may enable significant top surface freezing, leading to very large internal defect clusters. Lower superheat also leads to deeper meniscus hooks, which sometimes (0.003%) capture large (1 mm) bubbles. Capture bands occur near the transition line from vertical to curved, due to the downward fluid velocity balancing the particle terminal velocity, enabling capture in the relative stagnation region beneath the longitudinal recirculation zone. These findings agree with plant observations.
An Improved Model for Five-Phase Induction Motor Based on Magnetic Noise Reduction Part II: Pole-Slot Scheme
Authors: Chen Hansi , Zhao Jinghong , Xiong Yiyong , Yan Sinian , Xu Hao
Published: July 2022

For the reduction in the electromagnetic noise level of three-phase induction motors, many empirical rules and analytical models have been established to select the matching scheme of pole and slot, but they are not fully applicable to five-phase squirrel cage induction motors (FSCIM). In this paper, combined with the slot-number phase diagram (SNPD), and the electromagnetic force-vibration-acoustic analytical model deduced in Part I, the influence of pole-slot schemes, including five-phase regular-size phase-belt and fractional-slot winding, on magnetic noise is analyzed. The feasibility of electromagnetic noise prediction is verified by finite element simulation and experiments. Taking a 4 kW FSCIM as a prototype, noise prediction is carried out for all the slot-number matching schemes with pole pairs not exceeding three. For two noise reduction targets, which reduce the maximum single-frequency noise in the steady-state operation and the average noise during startup, the pole-slot numbers matching rule of FSCIM is given. This improved model is also applicable in different power ranges for the noise reduction design of five-phase motors.
Causal Connections, Logical Connections, and Skeptical Theism: There Is No Logical Problem of Evil
Authors: Hendricks Perry
Published: July 2022

In this paper, I consider Sterba’s recent criticism of skeptical theism in context of his argument from evil. I show that Sterba’s criticism of skeptical theism shares an undesirable trait with all past criticisms of skeptical theism: it fails. This is largely due to his focus on causal connections and his neglect of logical connections. Because of this, his argument remains vulnerable to skeptical theism.