bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and Characteristics of High Capacitance Al Thin Films Capacitor Using a Polymer Inhibitor Bath in Electroless Plating Process
Authors: Cho Young-Lae , Lee Jung-Woo , Lee Chang-Hyoung , Choi Hyung-Seon , Kim Sung-Su , Song Young II , Park Chan , Suh Su-Jeong
Published: September 2015

An aluminum (Al) thin film capacitor was fabricated for a high capacitance capacitor using electrochemical etching, barrier-type anodizing, and electroless Ni–P plating. In this study, we focused on the bottom-up filling of Ni–P electrodes on Al2O3/Al
with etched tunnels. The Al tunnel pits were irregularly distributed on the Al foil, diameters were in the range of about 0.5∼1 μm, the depth of the tunnel pits was approximately 35∼40 μm, and the complex structure was made full filled hard metal. To control the
plating rate, the experiment was performed by adding polyethyleneimine (PEI, C2H5N), a high molecular substance. PEI forms a cross-link at the etching tunnel inlet, playing the role of delaying the inlet plating. When the PEI solution bath was used after activation, the
Ni–P layer was deposited selectively on the bottoms of the tunnels. The characteristics were analyzed by adding the PEI addition quantity rate of 100∼600 mg/L into the DI water. The capacitance of the Ni–P/Al2O3 (650∼700 nm)/Al film was measured at
1 kHz using an impedance/gain phase analyzer. For the plane film without etch tunnels the capacitance was 12.5 nF/cm2 and for the etch film with Ni–P bottom-up filling the capacitance was 92 nF/cm2. These results illustrate a remarkable maximization of capacitance
for thin film metal capacitors.
Fabrication and Characterization of Amorphous Cobalt-Doped Molybdenum Sulfide for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Lim Dongwook , Hwang Hyein , Kim Taewoo , Shim Sang Eun , Baeck Sung-Hyeon
Published: September 2015

In the present study, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by alkaline water electrolysis was conducted without using a precious metal catalyst. We synthesized an amorphous cobalt-doped molybdenum sulfide by electrodeposition using different cobalt loadings. The amorphous Co-MoSx
produced was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The cobalt doping and sulfidation procedure resulted in the successful fabrication of a candidate catalyst for the catalytic hydrogen evolution in alkaline solution
with high intrinsic activity. Cobalt incorporated amorphous MoSx exhibited 3 times higher HER activity than non-promoted MoSx.
Enhanced Selectivity to H2 Formation in Decomposition of HCOOH on the Ag19@Pd60 Core–Shell Nanocluster from First-Principles
Authors: Cho Jinwon , Lee Sangheon , Han Jonghee , Yoon Sung Pil , Nam Suk Woo , Choi Sun Hee , Hong Seong-Ahn , Lee Kwan-Young , Ham Hyung Chul
Published: September 2015

In this study, using spin-polarized density functional theory calculation we examined the origin of enhanced catalytic activity toward H2 production from HCOOH in Ag19@Pd60 core–shell nanoclusters (a 79-atom truncated octahedral cluster models).
First, we find that the Pd monolayer shell on the Ag core can greatly enhance the selectivity to H2 formation via HCOOH decomposition compared to the pure Pd79 cluster by substantially reducing the binding energy of key intermediate HCOO and in turn the barrier for dehydrogenation.
This activity enhancement is related to the modification of d states in the Pd monolayer shell by the strong ligand effect between Ag core and Pd shell, rather than the tensile strain effect by Ag core. In particular, the absence of dz2–r2 density
of states near the Fermi level in the Pd monolayer shell (which originated from the substantial charge transfer from Ag to Pd) is the main reason for the increased H2 production from HCOOH decomposition.
Agreement of self-other perceptions matters: Analyzing the effectiveness of principal leadership through multi-source assessment
Authors: Ham Seung-Hwan , Duyar Ibrahim , Gumus Sedat
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the possible effects of the simultaneous inclusion of self and other ratings of principal instructional leadership on teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs. Special attention was given to the case where principal and teacher ratings were incongruent and exhibited a self-other rating disagreement regarding the principals’ effectiveness in instructional leadership. The data used in the analyses were taken from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD's) Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) conducted in 2008 and involved information from 672 principals and 11,323 teachers in four OECD countries located in the broader Asia-Pacific region. The study tested a set of hypotheses based on a multi-source assessment framework for the analysis of leadership performance. Results indicated that principal–teacher incongruence regarding principal instructional leadership was significantly and negatively associated with teacher self-efficacy across all four countries. The findings suggest that multi-source assessment can provide unique performance-relevant information about leadership that would not be captured by traditional single-source ratings alone.
A Gendered Bun in the Oven. The Gender-reveal Party as a New Ritualization during Pregnancy
Authors: Pasche Guignard Florence
Published: September 2015

By appropriating both medical and communication technologies, the gender-reveal party has recently emerged as a ritual performance centered on a dramatically staged disclosure of the sex of a gestating fetus. The gender-reveal party is an example of the new forms of ritualization that take place during pregnancy in 21st-century North America. Typically, the focal point of the party is when the future parents cut a cake whose inside color (blue or pink) reveals the sex of the fetus. This article examines the ritual dynamics and creativity at work in the preparation, the performance and the mediated dissemination of this festive occasion. Key elements of the ritual will be described, as well as its conditions of emergence in a context where neither medical nor religious institutions offer ritual options deemed appropriate enough for celebrating joyfully and emotionally during pregnancy.
Breastfeeding, Bed-Sharing, and Maternal Cortisol
Authors: Simon Clarissa D. , Adam Emma K. , McKinney Chelsea O. , Krohn Julie B. , Shalowitz Madeleine U.
Published: September 2015

Prior studies have found that close mother-child sleep proximity helps increase rates of breastfeeding, and breastfeeding itself is linked to better maternal and infant health. In this study, we examine whether breastfeeding and infant bed-sharing are related to daily rhythms of the stress-responsive hormone cortisol. We found that bed-sharing was related to flatter diurnal cortisol slopes, and there was a marginal effect for breastfeeding to predict steeper cortisol slopes. Furthermore, mothers who breastfeed but do not bed-share had the steepest diurnal cortisol slopes, whereas mothers who bed-shared and did not breastfeed had the flattest slopes ( P < .05). These results were significant after controlling for subjective sleep quality, perceived stress, depression, socioeconomic status, race, and maternal age. Findings from this study indicate that infant parenting choices recommended for infants (breastfeeding and separate sleep surfaces for babies) may also be associated with more optimal stress hormone profiles for mothers.
Effects of Information Access Cost and Accountability on Medical Residents’ Information Retrieval Strategy and Performance During Prehandover Preparation
Authors: Yang X. Jessie , Wickens Christopher D. , Park Taezoon , Fong Liesel , Siah Kewin T. H.
Published: September 2015

Objective:

We aimed to examine the effects of information access cost and accountability on medical residents’ information retrieval strategy and performance during prehandover preparation.

Background:

Prior studies observing doctors’ prehandover practices witnessed the use of memory-intensive strategies when retrieving patient information. These strategies impose potential threats to patient safety as human memory is prone to errors. Of interest in this work are the underlying determinants of information retrieval strategy and the potential impacts on medical residents’ information preparation performance.

Method:

A two-step research approach was adopted, consisting of semistructured interviews with 21 medical residents and a simulation-based experiment with 32 medical residents.

Results:

The semistructured interviews revealed that a substantial portion of medical residents (38%) relied largely on memory for preparing handover information. The simulation-based experiment showed that higher information access cost reduced information access attempts and access duration on patient documents and harmed information preparation performance. Higher accountability led to marginally longer access to patient documents.

Conclusion:

It is important to understand the underlying determinants of medical residents’ information retrieval strategy and performance during prehandover preparation. We noted the criticality of easy access to patient documents in prehandover preparation. In addition, accountability marginally influenced medical residents’ information retrieval strategy.

Application:

Findings from this research suggested that the cost of accessing information sources should be minimized in developing handover preparation tools.
You Shall Not Bow Down and Serve Them: Economic Justice in the Bible
Authors: Horsley Richard
Published: September 2015

In the context of our modern global economy in which the richest one percent of the population becomes richer, while the poor grow ever poorer, this essay draws attention to the many biblical texts that announce God’s concern for economic justice. From teachings that govern community life in the torah of Moses, to the indictments of injustice made by the prophets, and to the good news proclaimed by Jesus in the Gospels, the Bible contains a radical message of God’s favor for the poor and God’s condemnation for those who exploit the poor and sustain systems of economic injustice. Society today tends to compartmentalize “religion” and “real life” in order conveniently to ignore these biblical imperatives.1
Social Effectiveness
Authors: Phillips Brian N. , Deiches Jon , Morrison Blaise , Kaseroff Ashley A.
Published: September 2015

The ability to effectively manage social interactions is key to achieving many life goals. A substantial amount of research has been conducted in rehabilitation counseling and rehabilitation psychology that includes a consideration of some aspect of social effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to collect and synthesize the past 30 years of rehabilitation counseling and rehabilitation psychology research addressing aspects of social effectiveness. A total of 13 terms (e.g., interpersonal skills, social competence, social functioning, and soft skills) were used to search six of the most prominent rehabilitation counseling and rehabilitation psychology journals from the period January 1982 to May 2013. A total of 608 articles were identified as including at least one of the search terms, with 175 using a search term prominently and the other 433 only passively. Social skills, social functioning, and social competence were among the most frequently used search terms, accounting for almost 90% of all used terms. It was found that social effectiveness constructs were rarely defined and often used interchangeably. Twenty-nine interventions studies had been published in the 30-year period. Results reflect a substantial and useful body of literature in this area of research while also conveying an opportunity for the development of a more systematic, unified, and theory-driven approach to understanding and addressing aspects of social effectiveness.
Inheriting the world: Heavenly citizenship and place
Authors: Starkenburg Keith
Published: September 2015

Theological treatments of land, place, and the built environment are increasingly common. Most Christian theologies of place take their cues from the presence of the Triune God. However, a theology of place must also reckon with issues of diversity, pluralization, and tolerance, and thus the way that Christians practice citizenship in their ethnic and civic communities. In other words, a profoundly Christian practice of place might appear to be a threat to an authentically pluralistic society. New Testament scholars have renewed attention to the biblical claim that those united to Christ inherit the creation with him. This sort of language is implacably political and potentially troublesome; it forces theological ethics to wrestle with Christian citizenship directly. This article argues that returning to the resurrection is a particularly important ground for Christian habits of place. The resurrection grounds both an unvarnished Christian witness to the Trinitarian meaning of place while also framing Christian citizenship as an eschatologically anticipatory mode of life, along the lines of what Augustine describes in the City of God.
Parenting as political resistance: Disability and “dealing with” late-modern medicine
Authors: Brock Brian
Published: September 2015

Mental disability exposes in an especially acute manner some important deficiencies in modern healthcare practices. This paper offers an account of the reasons why the deviation of the disabled from the statistical norm creates such problems for modern medical expertise. Contemporary medical science exhibits features of modern techniques and mindsets which are characteristic of late-modernity and deeply shape a wide range of human-creature interactions. I By fleshing out how this modern adherence to a suite of techniques shapes the configurations of medical knowledge a better understanding of the difficulties the mentally disabled face in modern healthcare settings will emerge. Substantiating this analysis by way of a recent empirical study the paper will propose some of the strategies for a caring resistance to these problems such an analysis might suggest to Christians today. The analysis as a whole indicates why solidarity with the disabled in the modern developed world draws Christians into various forms of political resistance to the powers of the age.
Toward a Theology of Divine Action: William R. Stoeger, S.J., on the Laws of Nature
Authors: Edwards Denis
Published: September 2015

In the 1990s William Stoeger, S.J., contributed major essays on the laws of nature to the series of conferences on divine action that were cosponsored by the Vatican Observatory and the Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences at the Graduate Theological Union Berkeley, CA. He argued that the laws of nature are to be seen as approximate models rather than as complete descriptions of nature, and that they are descriptive rather than prescriptive. These essays, Denis Edwards proposes, are an important legacy for 21st-century theology and offer creative possibilities for a renewed theology of divine action that builds on the Thomist tradition.
Ecumenical Pilgrimage toward World Christianity
Authors: Chia Edmund Kee-Fook
Published: September 2015

Although the modern ecumenical movement has existed for more than a century, the Roman Catholic Church’s involvement began only some 50 years later. In fact, 2014 commemorates only the 50th anniversary of the promulgation of Unitas redintegratio, Vatican II’s Decree on Ecumenism. This article traces the ecumenical movement from its beginnings, focusing on the contributions of the World Council of Churches and the progress made by Roman Catholicism. It concludes by pointing to issues which World Christianity is exploring as the ecumenical agenda for the 21st century.
The Roman Curia at and after Vatican II: Legal-Rational or Theological Reform?
Authors: Faggioli Massimo
Published: September 2015

Surely technical issues advance the need to rethink the structures of the Catholic Church’s central government in Rome. But the real macro issue is the role of Vatican II and its ecclesiology for the reform of church structures. Francis’s pontificate seems to be, on many levels, a return to the intent of Vatican II. The challenge is to choose the inspiring criterion that should inform the reform. In the first post-Vatican II period the criterion had been mostly a Weberian “legal-rational” rearrangement of the dicasteries and their procedures, leaving the ecclesiology of Vatican II as an ex-post-justification of the new architecture.
The Qur’an and the Doctrine of Private Revelation: A Theological Proposal
Authors: Moreland Anna Bonta
Published: September 2015

The article argues that the Catholic category of “private revelation” in concert with the Church’s ecclesial documents, theological reflections, and spiritual practices allows the Qur’an in principle to be considered revelatory. After reviewing recent dogmatic developments on revelation and religious pluralism, the article discusses the theology that undergirds the Catholic understanding of private revelation and finally applies the language of private revelation to Muhammad’s experience in Mecca and Medina.
The Longitudinal Impact of Distal, Non-Familial Relationships on Parental Monitoring: Implications for Delinquent Behavior
Authors: Jaggers Jeremiah W. , Bolland Anneliese C. , Tomek Sara , Bolland Kathleen A. , Hooper Lisa M. , Church Wesley T. , Bolland John M.
Published: September 2015

An extensive body of work shows that parental monitoring reduces the likelihood of risky behaviors among youth, yet little attention has been given to the factors compelling parents to engage in monitoring behaviors. The current study examines the association between non-familial, adolescent relationships (i.e., school connectedness, community connectedness, and peer relationships) and parental monitoring. The data used come from the Mobile Youth Survey (MYS), and from 2006 and 2011, resulting in a longitudinal sample of 3,287 adolescents. Longitudinal growth modeling reveals strong associations between non-familial relationships and parental monitoring, along with gendered effects across time. Implications for parental monitoring and delinquency in a low-income, Black American sample are discussed.
Attachment and Effortful Control
Authors: Heylen Joke , Vasey Michael W. , Dujardin Adinda , Vandevivere Eva , Braet Caroline , De Raedt Rudi , Bosmans Guy
Published: September 2015

Based on former research, it can be assumed that attachment relationships provide a context in which children develop both the effortful control (EC) capacity and the repertoire of responses to regulate distress. Both are important to understand children’s (mal)adjustment. While the latter assumption has been supported in several studies, less is known about links between attachment and EC. We administered questionnaires to measure anxious and avoidant attachment or trust in maternal support in two samples of early adolescents. EC was reported by the child in Sample 1 ( n = 244), and by mother in Sample 2 ( n = 177). In both samples, mothers reported children’s maladjustment. Consistent with predictions, insecure attachment was related to reduced EC. Moreover, EC indirectly linked insecure attachment to maladjustment. This study provides evidence that studying EC is important to understand the self-regulatory mechanisms explaining the link between attachment and (mal)adjustment in early adolescence.
Value of diffusion-weighted MRI in diagnosis of uterine cervical cancer: a prospective study evaluating the benefits of DWI compared to conventional MR sequences in a 3T environment
Authors: Exner Marc , Kühn Axel , Stumpp Patrick , Höckel Michael , Horn Lars-Christian , Kahn Thomas , Brandmaier Philipp
Published: September 2015

Background

Imaging of cervical carcinoma remains challenging as local infiltration of surrounding tissues cannot always be discriminated safely. New imaging techniques, like diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) have emerged, which could lead to a more sensitive tumor detection.

Purpose

To evaluate the benefits of DWI for determination of size, local infiltration, and tumor grading, in patients with primary and recurrent cervical cancer.

Material and Methods

In this prospective, study we enrolled 50 patients with primary ( n = 35) and recurrent ( n = 15) tumors. All patients underwent 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including conventional (e.g. T1/T2 ± fs ± contrast) sequences and DWI (b-values of 0, 50, 400, 800 s/mm2). All images were analyzed by three readers with different experience levels (1, 3, 6 years), who compared image quality, tumor delineation, dimensions, local infiltration, lymph node involvement, and quantified ADC values compared to the histopathological grading.

Results

Additional use of DWI resulted in significantly better ( P < 0.001) tumor delineation for the least experienced reader, but not for experienced readers. Tumor dimensions were assessed almost equally ( P > 0.05) in conventional sequences and DWI. Use of DWI led to an increase in sensitivity of infiltrated adjacent tissue (from 86% to 90%) and detection of lymph node metastases (from 47% to 67%). Quantitative assessment of carcinomas showed lower ADC values ( P < 0.001) with significant inverse correlations between different grading levels.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates the overall benefits using DWI in 3T MRI resulting in a higher reader confidence, sensitivity of tissue infiltration, and tumor-grading for cervical cancer.
Call of Duty: Playing Video Games with IR
Authors: Ciută Felix
Published: September 2015

This article attempts to further develop the IR research agenda on video games. The argument starts with a critique of the narrow focus on war-themed blockbuster games of current IR work on video games. I argue that this narrow view of IR and of video games is unsustainable and counterproductive, and has led to the positioning of IR as a regime of value with an unwarranted focus on the ideological effects of video games, and also to a paradoxical closing off of its research agenda. In the second half of the article I attempt to sketch two directions of research that could help overcome these initial limitations. The first outlines the potential for the IR study of the global aesthetic economy of video games, and the differentiated distribution of its regimes of value. The second encourages the study of game-worlds as practical-theoretical spaces where a particular relationship between academic subjectivity and its objects is constituted. The significance of this argument transcends IR video games research: it has relevance for cross-disciplinary issues regarding the status of academic moral-aesthetic judgements about cultural artfacts and practices; the relationship between academic and ‘popular’ knowledge; and the potential for political mobilisation at the interface of entertainment and social critique.
Dangers, Diversions, and Decisions: The Process of Criminal Desistance Among Formerly Incarcerated Young Men
Authors: Terry Diane , Abrams Laura S.
Published: September 2015

Young adult men (ages 18-24) who exit the juvenile justice system are at high risk for repeat offending. However, little is known qualitatively about the strategies that they use to navigate criminal influences, crime temptations, and the possibility of getting “caught.” To address this gap, the authors used narrative methods involving 30 in-depth qualitative interviews with 15 formerly incarcerated young men between the ages of 19 and 24. Coding and memoing were used to identify major themes and data patterns. Results indicated two distinct groups; one group engaged in a series of micro-level decision-making processes to navigate challenges in their everyday living environments, which helped to facilitate their gradual abstinence from crime. The second group was equally tested by contextual challenges, but they made decisions to minimize their criminal involvement to avoid the risk of repeat incarceration, which negatively influenced their desistance patterns. The results lend themselves to better understanding how decision making, internal motivation, and external factors can influence the desistance processes of transition-age urban young men.
Village ethnography and kinship studies: Perspectives from India and beyond
Authors: Gallo Ester
Published: September 2015

This article questions the dichotomy of ‘classical anthropological topics/traditional fieldwork’ versus ‘contemporary topics/multi-sited imaginary’ and interrogates the role of village ethnography in the understanding of kinship among globalising Indian middle classes. The argument is twofold. Firstly, I suggest that the current rhetoric on the dismissal of village ethnography in contemporary South Asian studies does not adequately address possible continuities between anthropological studies developed in the 1980s and 1990s and more recent multi-sited approaches. Secondly, I argue that village ethnography might constitute an integral part in a larger multi-sited research agenda, the latter aiming at understanding shifting kinship relations and related politics of identity among highly mobile middle classes. If we understand villages as a field of relations, an important connection is seen to emerge between villages’ importance in middle-class trajectories and imaginations and their role as research locations.
We have always lived in our ancestral village – At the edge of the Hong Kong mega-mall with the Japanese department store
Authors: Creighton Millie
Published: September 2015

The village as trope represents “tradition” in contrast to “modernity,” periphery in contrast to core, and the past in contrast to the present. This paper explores Pai Tau Village, a settlement in the Shatin District of Hong Kong. While it is recognized by local heritage organizations as an ancestral village, Pai Tau is neither distant nor separate from emblems of Hong Kong as a major cosmopolitan city, but rather is located at the edge of a large mega-mall – a center of commerce, consumerism, fashion, and business. This article suggests that the relationship between modernity and tradition is not necessarily oppositional, but symbiotic. Via an exploration of this duality, it also addresses globalization and transnationalism via consumer exchanges among Japan, Hong Kong, and mainland China, and addresses contemporary contradictions in anthropological fieldwork and theory.
From urban scar to ‘park in the sky’: terrain vague, urban design, and the remaking of New York City’s High Line Park
Authors: Millington Nate
Published: September 2015

This paper considers New York City’s High Line Park, a linear stretch of green space situated on a discontinued railroad track in Manhattan. Unveiled in 2009, the High Line has become one of the most visited tourist sites in the city, but critics have called attention to its role in the gentrification of its surrounding neighborhoods and ties to extensive real estate development in the region. More specifically, many critics have focused on the project’s dramatic redesign of the site’s accidental landscape, which was a product of decades of abandonment and spontaneous plant growth. Drawing from contemporary literature that sees urban wastelands as sites of creative possibility, these critics have mourned the contemporary High Line’s redesign for its rejection of a space that offered more creative possibility. At the same time, the park’s designers themselves have argued that the redesigned park preserves the site’s transgressive spirit through purposeful design elements. In this paper, I analyze these conversations and consider how differing ideas about design and accidental urban nature are being engaged with by critics of the park. I celebrate criticisms of the park’s role in gentrification, but caution against the idea that abandoned urban spaces offer an implicit critique to neoliberal urban governance.
Effects of pre-fatigue on the strain localization during tensile tests of DP 500 steel at low and high strain rates
Authors: Moćko Wojciech , Brodecki Adam , Radziejewska Joanna
Published: September 2015

The analysis involved subjecting DP 500 steel to pre-fatigue loads, and then tension at high strain rates using Hopkinson bar. Digital image correlation method was used to investigate how the pre-fatigue loads change the strains’ distribution on the surface of the sample subjected to tension. The analysis involved both films recorded at low rates of deformation (1.0 × 10−2 s−1) using ARAMIS system and the images captured with a high-speed camera during dynamic deformations with a Hopkinson bar (6.0 × 102 s−1). It was noted, based on the micro-structural analysis, that pre-fatigue loads cause the formation of micro-damages in the examined material. Thus, macroscopically observed stress–strain characteristic as well as Huber–Mises substitute strains’ distribution determined locally by the image correlation method is also subject to changes. The observed effects include the following: reduction of deformation corresponding to the tensile strength, decrease in elongation at break, and increase in yield limit and tensile strength. The observed effects are intensified with an increased stress value and pre-fatigue cycles’ number. Furthermore, these phenomena are more intensive in the conditions of dynamic deformation.
Epidemiology of Sports-Related Concussion in NCAA Athletes From 2009-2010 to 2013-2014
Authors: Zuckerman Scott L. , Kerr Zachary Y. , Yengo-Kahn Aaron , Wasserman Erin , Covassin Tracey , Solomon Gary S.
Published: September 2015

Background:

The epidemiology of sports-related concussion (SRC) among student-athletes has been extensively researched. However, recent data at the collegiate level are limited.

Purpose:

To describe the epidemiology of SRC in 25 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sports.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

SRC data from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program during the 2009-2010 to 2013-2014 academic years were analyzed. Concussion injury rates, rate ratios (RRs), and injury proportion ratios were reported with 95% CIs. National estimates were also calculated to examine linear trends across time.

Results:

During the study period, 1670 SRCs were reported, representing a national estimate of 10,560 SRCs reported annually. Among the 25 sports, the overall concussion rate was 4.47 per 10,000 athlete-exposures (AEs) (95% CI, 4.25-4.68). Overall, more SRCs occurred in competitions (53.2%). The competition rate (12.81 per 10,000 AEs) was larger than the practice rate (2.57 per 10,000 AEs) (competition vs practice, RR = 4.99; 95% CI, 4.53-5.49). Of all SRCs, 9.0% were recurrent. Most SRCs occurred from player contact (68.0%). The largest concussion rates were in men’s wrestling (10.92 per 10,000 AEs; 95% CI, 8.62-13.23), men’s ice hockey (7.91 per 10,000 AEs; 95% CI, 6.87-8.95), women’s ice hockey (7.50 per 10,000 AEs; 95% CI, 5.91-9.10), and men’s football (6.71 per 10,000 AEs; 95% CI, 6.17-7.24). However, men’s football had the largest annual estimate of reported SRCs (n = 3417), followed by women’s soccer (n = 1113) and women’s basketball (n = 998). Among all SRCs, a linear trend did not exist in national estimates across time ( P = .17). However, increases were found within specific sports, such as men’s football, women’s ice hockey, and men’s lacrosse.

Conclusion:

The estimated number of nationally reported SRCs has increased within specific sports. However, it is unknown whether these increases are attributable to increased reporting or frequency of concussions. Many sports report more SRCs in practice than in competition, although competition rates are higher. Men’s wrestling and men’s and women’s ice hockey have the highest reported concussion rates. Men’s football had the highest annual national estimate of reported SRCs, although the annual participation count was also the highest. Future research should continue to longitudinally examine SRC incidence while considering differences by sex, division, and level of competition.
Managing Chronic Illness
Authors: Toles Mark , Moriarty Helene , Coburn Ken , Marcantonio Sherry , Hanlon Alexandra , Mauer Elizabeth , Fisher Paige , O’Connor Melissa , Ulrich Connie , Naylor Mary D.
Published: September 2015

Models of care coordination can significantly improve health outcomes for older adults with chronic illnesses if they can engage participants. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of nursing contact on the rate of participants’ voluntary disenrollment from a care coordination program. In this retrospective cohort study using administrative data for 1,524 participants in the Health Quality Partners Medicare Care Coordination Demonstration Program, the rate of voluntary disenrollment was approximately 11%. A lower risk of voluntary disenrollment was associated with a greater proportion of in-person (vs. telephonic) nursing contact (Hazard Ratio [HR] 0.137, confidence interval [CI] [0.050, 0.376]). A higher risk of voluntary disenrollment was associated with lower continuity of nurses who provided care (HR 1.964, CI [1.724, 2.238]). Findings suggest that in-person nursing contact and care continuity may enhance enrollment of chronically ill older adults and, ultimately, the overall health and well-being of this population
To fractionate municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash: Key for utilisation?
Authors: Sormunen Laura Annika , Rantsi Riina
Published: September 2015

For the past decade, the Finnish waste sector has increasingly moved from the landfilling of municipal solid waste towards waste incineration. New challenges are faced with the growing amounts of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash, which are mainly landfilled at the moment. Since this is not a sustainable or a profitable solution, finding different utilisation applications for the municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash is crucial. This study reports a comprehensive analysis of bottom ash properties from one waste incineration plant in Finland, which was first treated with a Dutch bottom ash recovery technique called advanced dry recovery. This novel process separates non-ferrous and ferrous metals from bottom ash, generating mineral fractions of different grain sizes (0–2 mm, 2–5 mm, 5–12 mm and 12–50 mm). The main aim of the study was to assess, whether the advanced bottom ash treatment technique, producing mineral fractions of different grain sizes and therefore properties, facilitates the utilisation of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash in Finland. The results were encouraging; the bottom ash mineral fractions have favourable behaviour against the frost action, which is especially useful in the Finnish conditions. In addition, the leaching of most hazardous substances did not restrict the utilisation of bottom ash, especially for the larger fractions (>5 mm). Overall, this study has shown that the advanced bottom ash recovering technique can be one solution to increase the utilisation of bottom ash and furthermore decrease its landfilling in Finland.
Constructing a Grounded Theory of E-Learning Assessment
Authors: Alonso-Díaz Laura , Yuste-Tosina Rocío
Published: September 2015

This study traces the development of a grounded theory of assessment in e-learning environments, a field in need of research to establish the parameters of an assessment that is both reliable and worthy of higher learning accreditation. Using grounded theory as a research method, we studied an e-assessment model that does not require physical presence and that combines asynchronous and synchronous (i.e., with videoconferencing) resources. Through a triangulation of questionnaires, interviews, and focus groups, we gathered data from e-learning experts and the instructors and students of a pedagogically innovative online course, ensuring the credibility, transference, consistence, and confirmability of the data. A grounded theory was then developed from the model studied, among whose most striking features was the need to previously design the general aspects of an assessment that is innovative, didactic, reliable, motivating, and criteria generating. Finally, we observed that videoconferencing is an effective resource for guaranteeing the credibility of educational e-assessment.
A data envelopment analysis approach for measuring the efficiency of Canadian acute care hospitals
Authors: Fixler Tamás , Paradi Joseph C , Yang Xiaopeng
Published: September 2015

Data envelopment analysis is a methodology particularly well-suited to measuring the efficiency of hospitals because it is able to accommodate multiple heterogeneous inputs and outputs in order to model the complex relationships that exist within them. This research uses data envelopment analysis to develop a model of Canadian hospital production efficiency in collaboration with the Canadian Institute for Health Information. The model is intended to illustrate the utility of data envelopment analysis as a hospital performance measurement tool for Canadian Institute for Health Information and to augment their current hospital performance indicators. The model measures the overall production efficiency of acute care hospitals using labour and capital inputs together with outputs measuring inpatient and outpatient activity. The model also includes non-discretionary variables adjusting for case-mix variations among the hospitals. The model is extensively validated and identifies a set of highly referenced, efficient hospitals ideal for the establishment of best practices.
Dynamic modeling and analysis for gantry-type machine tools considering the effect of axis coupling force on the slider–guide joints’ stiffness
Authors: Zhang Huijie , Zhao Wanhua , Du Chao , Liu Hui , Zhang Jun
Published: September 2015

As for the gantry-type machine tools, the forces of the slide blocks supporting the beam are different for different saddle locations, which would further affect the stiffness of the slider–guide joints and the dynamic characteristics of the whole machine tools. Therefore, the beam kinematic joints (the slider–guide joints) on the gantry-type machine tools are crucial for the dynamics prediction of traveling bridge systems. In this article, considering the effect of axis coupling force on the slider–guide joints’ stiffness, an equivalent dynamic model of traveling bridge systems for the gantry-type machine tools is established using hybrid element method. The additional load variation in the four slider blocks is analyzed for different locations of the saddle, and the variation in the slider–guide joints’ stiffness and traveling bridge system natural frequency are also studied. Finally, validation experiments are conducted on the traveling bridge systems of the gantry-type milling machine tools, and the results show that the dynamic modeling proposed in this article can reach a higher accuracy.
Analysis and optimization of cutter geometric parameters for surface integrity in milling titanium alloy using a modified grey–Taguchi method
Authors: Ren Junxue , Zhou Jinhua , Zeng Jingwen
Published: September 2015

Surface integrity determines the performance and quality of the end product. It often needs to change the input parameters, such as cutting parameter, cutting tool geometry and material, and tool coating, to obtain the best machining surface integrity. This article presents and demonstrates the effectiveness for the multi-objective optimization of cutter geometric parameters for surface integrity of milling Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe titanium alloy via grey relational analysis coupled with the Taguchi method, entropy weight method, and analytic hierarchy process. The main influence factors are chosen as radial rake angle, primary radial relief angle, and helix angle, while surface roughness and residual stress are taken as performance characteristics. Based on the Taguchi method, an L16 (43) orthogonal array is chosen for the experiments. The effect of cutter geometric parameters on surface roughness and residual stress is analysed by signal-to-noise ratio. Then, the multiple objectives optimization problem is successfully converted to a single-objective optimization of grey relational grade with the grey relational analysis. The weight coefficient for grey relational grade is determined by entropy weight method integrated with analytic hierarchy process. The results show that the order of importance for controllable factor to the milling surface integrity, in sequence, is radial rake angle, primary radial relief angle, and helix angle. The validation experiment verifies that the proposed optimization method has the ability to find out the optimal geometric parameters in terms of milling surface integrity.
Continuous low thrust trajectory optimization for preliminary design
Authors: Sun Chong , Yuan Jian-ping , Fang Qun
Published: September 2015

Mission design using continuous low thrust propulsion is an interesting but challenging task. In this paper, a virtual central gravitational field method is proposed for continuous low thrust trajectory design in preliminary stage. The basic idea of presented method is to form a virtual gravity using continuous thrust, in which the spacecraft flies in a virtual conic orbit to accomplish trajectory maneuver. Therefore, the continuous thrust non-Keplerian trajectory can be parameterized, and solved analytically. Instead of providing some special initial guesses for the more accurate optimizer, a large number of feasible initial guesses can be located quickly using the proposed method. Three examples are presented as the applications of the proposed technique to test its suitability, including the Earth to Mars rendezvous mission; the Earth–Mars–Ceres rendezvous mission; and a near-Earth collision-speed maximal interception mission. In order to verify the efficiency of the proposed method, the solutions generated by the shape-based method are used to compare. It shows that the virtual central gravitational field method can parameterize a large number of non-Keplerian orbits using parameters of virtual gravity, and provide initial guess for more accurate optimizer. Compared with the shape-based method, it requires more fuel cost using the proposed method in rendezvous trajectory design, especially in long flight time case. However, there is no constraint about the direction of thrust, so it is simple and flexible to change the velocity and position. The capability of rapid maneuver in short flight time outperforms the shape-based method discussed in prior papers, and it can be applied to providing initial guesses for continuous thrust rapid maneuver trajectory mission design in preliminary stage.
Essentialism and Racial Bias Jointly Contribute to the Categorization of Multiracial Individuals
Authors: Ho Arnold K. , Roberts Steven O. , Gelman Susan A.
Published: September 2015

Categorizations of multiracial individuals provide insight into the psychological mechanisms driving social stratification, but few studies have explored the interplay of cognitive and motivational underpinnings of these categorizations. In the present study, we integrated research on racial essentialism (i.e., the belief that race demarcates unobservable and immutable properties) and negativity bias (i.e., the tendency to weigh negative entities more heavily than positive entities) to explain why people might exhibit biases in the categorization of multiracial individuals. As theorized, racial essentialism, both dispositional (Study 1) and experimentally induced (Study 2), led to the categorization of Black-White multiracial individuals as Black, but only among individuals evaluating Black people more negatively than White people. These findings demonstrate how fundamental cognitive and motivational biases interact to influence the categorization of multiracial individuals.
Simplified derivations of time-weighted quadratic functionals used in optimal control and filtering applications
Authors: Radisavljevic-Gajic Verica
Published: September 2015

In this article, we present simple alternative derivations for efficient evaluation of a matrix integral that has applications in optimal control and filtering, stability, controllability, observability, and controller design of linear time-invariant systems. The quadratic matrix integral (functional) is computed in terms of solutions of a sequence of algebraic Lyapunov equations. We present also a method to efficiently solve the obtained sequence of algebraic Lyapunov equations.
Design of a highly reliable fan with magnetic bearings
Authors: Jungmayr Gerald , Marth Edmund , Panholzer Martin , Amrhein Wolfgang , Jeske Frank , Reisinger Martin
Published: September 2015

Bearing failures are, according to long-term analyses at ebm-papst St. Georgen GmbH & Co. KG, responsible for 90% of all compact fan breakdowns. The working life of a fan can be increased considerably by using a magnetically levitated fan, where the impeller has no contact with the stator. This paper presents the design of a low-cost magnetically levitated fan with passive magnetic bearings (PMBs) to stabilise radial and tilt deflections of the rotor. The application of an optimised viscoelastic support to the stator introduces sufficient damping to the passively stabilised degrees of freedom. The optimisation of the stiffness and damping and the design of the key components, namely the PMB, the active magnetic bearing and the passive damping device is discussed. Finally, the built prototype is presented and the measurement results are analysed.
In lack of ‘Will’? Strategic ‘Future-ness’ and Barack Obama’s experiment: From intention negotiation to will creation and political action in Barack Obama’s e-mail campaigning
Authors: Ferrari Federica
Published: September 2015

Time is conventionally conceptualized in terms of space, also affecting the articulation of identity. The relation between time, space and identity will be discussed through theoretically questioning the formal expression of future time, and particularly “will” future, in English to observe its potential cognitive and pragmatic implications – i.e. how ‘future-ness’ can become “strategic” – on identity construction – cf. “progressive identity” – and persuasion. Barack Obama’s e-mail campaigning (2008–2010) is used as a case in point. More specifically, the articulation of ‘future-ness’ emerging here suggests interesting consequences on national and political identity construction and consent creation. If the consistent use of new information and communication technologies has been crucial in determining Barack Obama’s communicative fortune, his rhetorical style (inclusive rhetoric, progressive logic, conceptual reframing) has also been undoubtedly significant in the construction of his audience consent, at least in the first part of his Presidency. But the question is, how this progressive logic comes to be specifically constructed and articulated along with the audience involvement? The present article focuses on some persuasive instances observable in Barack Obama’s e-mail campaigning (2008–2010) to reason on the discoursal move the President suggests from intention negotiation to will creation and political action. More specifically, it will investigate the discoursal construction of ‘progressive identity’, ideological change and involvement creation before and after the elections. Additionally, the strategic use of the shifting from public/institutional to private sphere will also be taken into account as a specific medium-driven characteristic. In this respect, particularly significant has come out to be the articulation of ‘future-ness’ as identity projection, which is in turn continuously negotiated amongst the subjects of the discourse.