bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La participation chinoise dans le développement des infrastructures de transport au Kenya : une transformation des géométries du pouvoir ?
Authors: Gambino Elisa , Périer Miriam
Published: December 2020

Historiquement, les infrastructures ont été à la fois un outil et un reflet du pouvoir étatique, et les projets destinés à les déployer qui sont mis en œuvre actuellement sur le continent africain contribuent au repositionnement de l’État comme moteur du développement. Au demeurant, les divergences d’agendas des acteurs étatiques et paraétatiques, ainsi que la participation d’acteurs privés ou étrangers produisent une réalité politique complexe et multiniveaux. L’implication croissante des acteurs chinois dans les projets d’infrastructures en Afrique appelle à multiplier les travaux de recherche sur les conséquences de cette participation étrangère sur les relations entre acteurs gouvernementaux et non gouvernementaux sur le continent. L’étude du projet portuaire de Lamu au nord du Kenya, financé par le gouvernement kenyan mais construit par une entreprise d’État chinoise, permet d’analyser les conflits qui opposent le gouvernement national et le gouvernement du comté de Lamu, et montre en particulier comment la présence d’acteurs chinois reproduit des géographies du pouvoir existantes tout en contribuant à l’émergence de nouvelles géométries du pouvoir.
Análisis formal, temático e intratextual del episodio de Rosaura, Grisaldo y Artandro, de La Galatea
Authors: Muñoz Sánchez Juan Ramón
Published: December 2020

La Galatea se caracteriza, como el resto de novelas pastoriles españolas y aun de las narraciones en prosa de largo recorrido del Siglo de Oro, por estar conformada, desde una perspectiva estructural, por dos niveles narrativos distintos, uno primario y otro secundario, a saber: la trama principal y los episodios intercalados. Estos son cuatro: el de Lisandro y Leonida, el de Teolinda, Artidoro, Leonarda y Galercio, el de Timbrio, Silerio, Nísida y Blanca y el de Rosaura, Grisaldo y Artandro. Este estudio tiene por objeto principal realizar un pormenorizado análisis, tanto temática como formalmente, del cuarto de ellos, al tiempo que se establecen sus relaciones intratextuales con el resto de la producción literaria de Cervantes.
In Activated Murine Mast Cells, NFATc2 Is Critical for the Production of Autocrine IL-3, Thereby Promoting the Expression of IL-9
Authors: Sabbaghi Farhad , Ullner Lorenz , Bohn Toszka , Hahlbrock Jennifer , Bopp Tobias , Schmitt Edgar , Klein Matthias , Stassen Michael
Published: December 2020

IL-9 has lent its numerical designation to the Th9 subset of CD4+ Th cells, although it is also produced by additional cell types, including mast cells. It is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in allergic reactions, parasitic infections, autoimmune inflammation, and cancer immunity. In this article, we provide evidence that NFATc2 has contradictory functions in the expression of IL-9 in murine Th9 cells and bone marrow–derived mast cells (BMMC). The basis for this is our observation that the production of IL-9 in NFATc2-deficient Th9 cells is increased, whereas it is decreased in BMMC devoid of NFATc2. In addition, NFATc2 deficiency almost completely abrogates the expression of IL-3 in both cell types. However, selectively in BMMC, the production of IL-9 critically depends on autocrine IL-3 acting via the sustained activation of STAT5 on the expression of IL-9. Furthermore, we demonstrate that IL-3 acts independently and synergistically with IL-1β on the production of IL-9. Taken together, we highlight NFATc2-driven production of autocrine IL-3 as a critical and cell type–specific component for IL-9 expression in BMMC.
High-Sensitivity Assessment of Phagocytosis by Persistent Association-Based Normalization
Authors: de Neergaard Therese , Sundwall Martin , Wrighton Sebastian , Nordenfelt Pontus
Published: December 2020

Phagocytosis is measured as a functional outcome in many research fields, but accurate quantification can be challenging, with no robust method available for cross-laboratory reproducibility. In this study, we identified a simple, measurable parameter, persistent prey–phagocyte association, to use for normalization and dose-response analysis. We apply this in a straightforward analytical method, persistent association-based normalization, in which the multiplicity of prey (MOP) ratio needed to elicit half of the phagocytes to associate persistently (MOP50) is determined first. MOP50 is then applied to normalize for experimental factors, separately analyzing association and internalization. We use reference human phagocyte THP-1 cells with different prey and opsonization conditions to compare the persistent association-based normalization method to standard ways of assessing phagocytosis and find it to perform better, exhibiting increased robustness, sensitivity, and reproducibility. The approach is easily incorporated into most existing phagocytosis assays and allows for reproducible results with high sensitivity.
Expression of GM-CSF Is Regulated by Fli-1 Transcription Factor, a Potential Drug Target
Authors: Wang Xuan , Lennard Richard Mara , Li Pengfei , Henry Brittany , Schutt Steven , Yu Xue-Zhong , Fan Hongkuan , Zhang Weiru , Gilkeson Gary , Zhang Xian K
Published: December 2020

Friend leukemia virus integration 1 (Fli-1) is an ETS transcription factor and a critical regulator of inflammatory mediators, including MCP-1, CCL5, IL-6, G-CSF, CXCL2, and caspase-1. GM-CSF is a regulator of granulocyte and macrophage lineage differentiation and a key player in the pathogenesis of inflammatory/autoimmune diseases. In this study, we demonstrated that Fli-1 regulates the expression of GM-CSF in both T cells and endothelial cells. The expression of GM-CSF was significantly reduced in T cells and endothelial cells when Fli-1 was reduced. We found that Fli-1 binds directly to the GM-CSF promoter using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Transient transfection assays indicated that Fli-1 drives transcription from the GM-CSF promoter in a dose-dependent manner, and mutation of the Fli-1 DNA binding domain resulted in a significant loss of transcriptional activation. Mutation of a known phosphorylation site within the Fli-1 protein led to a significant increase in GM-CSF promoter activation. Thus, direct binding to the promoter and phosphorylation are two important mechanisms behind Fli-1–driven activation of the GM-CSF promoter. In addition, Fli-1 regulates GM-CSF expression in an additive manner with another transcription factor Sp1. Finally, we demonstrated that a low dose of a chemotherapeutic drug, camptothecin, inhibited expression of Fli-1 and reduced GM-CSF production in human T cells. These results demonstrate novel mechanisms for regulating the expression of GM-CSF and suggest that Fli-1 is a critical druggable regulator of inflammation and immunity.
Enhancing the efficacy of climate change litigation: how to resolve the ‘fair share question’ in the context of international human rights law
Authors: Liston Gerry
Published: December 2020

The ambiguity surrounding what constitutes a State's fair share of the global burden of mitigating climate change has undermined the ability of domestic climate change litigation to bring about emissions reductions which are collectively capable of meeting the goal of the Paris Agreement. When confronted with challenges to the adequacy of States' mitigation efforts, domestic courts have also drawn on States' international human rights law obligations. This paper argues that when applying these obligations, the uncertainty surrounding the fair share question must be resolved so as to ensure individual mitigation obligations which are collectively consistent with the Paris Agreement. The analysis focuses on the obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights and outlines how general principles of law applicable in situations involving causal uncertainty could be invoked to address the fair share question.
Through the Gloomy Vale: Underworld Alignments at Stonehenge
Authors: Sims Lionel , Fisher David
Published: December 2020

Three recent independently developed models suggest that some Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments exhibit dual design properties in monument complexes by pairing obverse structures. Parker Pearson’s1 materiality model proposes that monuments of wood are paired with monuments of stone, these material metaphors respectively signifying places of rituals for the living with rituals for the dead. Higginbottom’s2 landscape model suggests that many western Scottish megalithic structures are paired in mirror-image landscape locations in which the horizon distance, direction and height of one site is the topographical reverse of the paired site – all in the service of ritually experiencing the liminal boundaries to the world. Sims’3 diacritical model suggests that materials, landscapes and lunar-solar alignments are diacritically combined to facilitate cyclical ritual processions between paired monuments through a simulated underworld. All three models combine in varying degrees archaeology and archaeoastronomy and our paper tests them through the case study of the late Neolithic/EBA Stonehenge Palisade in the Stonehenge monument complex.
Evolution of Arabic Astronomy in Relation with the Translation Movement in the Early Abbasid Era
Authors: Ayash Nasser B.
Published: December 2020

In this work, the emergence of the Arabic astronomy in the early Abbasid era will be presented as an amalgam of various traditions. For this to be illustrated, a close analysis of the development of the cultural and political aspects in the Middle East will be presented that eventually allowed for the so-called Arabic or Islamic culture to flourish. The translation movement will be discussed briefly in order for various aspects of this period to be shown, emphasizing the duality of tradition and innovation. These aspects will be followed more closely in the field of astronomy, illustrating the various tendencies especially in the case of incorporation of Greek Uranography, and the relation between the Lunar Mansions and the Anwa. Political, religious and cultural changes left their traces on the accepted Academic tendencies of the period. For a better understanding the astronomical view at the dawn of the Abbasid era, a close look on the work of Ibn Qutaiba will take place, depicting the transitional period in which he lived.
What is New in the History of Social Movements:
Authors: Berger Stefan
Published: December 2020

This is the Review Article of Moving the Social 64 (2020).
The Learn From Home and Alienation
Authors: Agustin Sukses Dakhi
Published: December 2020

Since the outbreak of corona virus spread in the ground water, has an effect on the world of education. The government took the policy to learn from home then the process of learning takes place online or online with the use of various applications such as Zoom, WhatsApp, Google Classroom, Google Meet, Cisco Webex, including learning through TVRI. Thus already four months the students not to school, not with friends, not meet with the teacher, no learning process in the class room, not in the school environment. This study aims to describe the state of alienation or alienated experienced by students since the learning at home. Data collection techniques with interviews to Junior high school students around the town of teluk-dalam road. The results showed that the Junior high students around the town of teluk-dalam road experiencing the symptoms of alienation.
Results on Tauberian Theorem for Cesàro Summable Double Sequences of Fuzzy Numbers
Authors: Jena B. B. , PAIKRAY S. K. , PARIDA P. , DUTTA H.
Published: December 2020

The paper aims to establish new results on Tauberian theorem for Cesàro summability of double sequences of fuzzy numbers, and thus to extend and unify several results in the available literature. Further, a number of special cases, corollaries and illustrative example in support of the investigation of this paper are also presented.
A Generalized Class of Close-to-Convex Functions
Authors: KAUR PARDEEP , BILLING SUKHWINDER SINGH
Published: December 2020

Let ℋαϕ(β) denote the class of functions f, analytic in the open unit disk ???? which satisfy the condition
( ( ) )
zf-′(z-)- zf-′′(z-)
ℜ (1 − α) + α 1 + ′ > β, z ∈ ????,
ϕ(z ) f (z )
where α, β are pre-assigned real numbers and ϕ(z) is a starlike function. The special cases of the class ℋαϕ(β) have been studied in literature by diﬀerent authors. In 2007, Singh et al. [?] studied the class ℋαz(β) and they established that functions in ℋαz(β) are univalent for all real numbers α, β satisfying the condition α ≤ β < 1 and the result is sharp in the sense that constant β cannot be replaced by a real number smaller than α. Singh et al. [?] in 2005, proved that for 0 < α < 1 functions in class ℋαz(α) are univalent. In 1975, Al-Amiri and Reade [?] showed that functions in class ℋαz(0) are univalent for all α ≤ 0 and also for α = 1 in ????. In the present paper, we prove that members of the class ℋαϕ(β) are close-to-convex and hence univalent for real numbers α, β and for a starlike function ϕ satisfying the condition β + α − 1 < αℜ( )
zϕ′(z)
ϕ(z)≤ β < 1.
Lower Bounds for Inverse Sum Indeg Index of Graphs
Authors: Gutman Ivan , MATEJIC M. , MILOVANOVIC E. , MILOVANOVIC I.
Published: December 2020

Let G = (V,E), V = {1, 2,…,n}, be a simple connected graph with n vertices and m edges and let d1 ≥ d2 ≥⋅ ⋅⋅≥ dn > 0, be the sequence of its vertex degrees. With i ∼ j we denote the adjacency of the vertices i and j in G. The inverse sum indeg index is deﬁned as ISI = ∑ -didj-
di+dj with summation going over all pairs of adjacent vertices. We consider lower bounds for ISI. We ﬁrst analyze some lower bounds reported in the literature. Then we determine some new lower bounds.
El bolsillo decorado y simulado en los jeans:redimensionando su uso normativo
Authors: Gardoni Jorge
Published: December 2020

Con herramientas de la antropología simbólica y la antropología del diseño, en este estudio se explora el supuesto uso normativo del bolsillo trasero en los pantalones de mezclilla, con énfasis en un caso ubicado en la Ciudad de México, donde se ha popularizado el uso de este tipo de prenda con bolsillos simulados y decorados. ¿Qué significa esto? Es la pregunta que subyace a esta aproximación que pone en juego la retórica de la imagen de Roland Barthes, con ayuda de la cual se confirma que el bolsillo trasero con decorados pierde sus propiedades estrictamente funcionales en aras de otros valores, convirtiéndose en una suerte de no-bolsillo.
Impact of Air Pollution and Seasonal Haze on Neurological Conditions: A Review
Authors: Rocha Ida Ingrid , Narasimhalu Kaavya , De Silva Deidre Anne
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Air pollution is a global problem and seasonal haze from forest clearing and peat land burning in Indonesia is an annual phenomenon in Southeast Asia. As neurological disorders comprise 6.3% of the burden of disease globally, we reviewed evidence of the association between common neurological conditions and air pollution exposure, and summarised existing data on the impact of the haze phenomenon in Southeast Asia. Materials and Methods: A PubMed search for relevant studies on air pollution, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), dementia, epilepsy, haze, headache, migraine, stroke, Parkinson’s disease (PD) and neuromuscular conditions was performed. There were 52 articles which were relevant and were reviewed. Results: There were associations between short-term air pollution exposure with AD, epilepsy, ischaemic stroke and migraine. Long-term air pollution exposure was associated with AD, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, dementia and ischaemic stroke. Evidence on the link between air pollution and PD was inconsistent. Currently, there is no specific data on the effects haze has on neurological conditions in Southeast Asia. Conclusion: Air pollution is associated with increased risk of certain common neurological disorders. More specific studies are needed to investigate the impact of seasonal haze on neurological conditions in Southeast Asia. Key words: Alzheimer’s disease, Epilepsy, Migraine, Parkinson’s disease, Stroke
KETIKA COVID -19 MENYERBU TAMAN DIDASKALOS
Authors: Muanley Yonas
Published: December 2020

Abstract: This study aims to reveal the negative and positive sides of the spread of Covid-19 which does not rule out the possibility of entering the theological high school campus which in this article uses a theological technical term, namely taman didaskalos. Taman didaskalos is a technical term used to refer to the place where the activities of didaskalos (teachers / lecturers and prospective teachers) take place, namely the Theology College campus, especially the Santosa Asih IKSM Theological College. The method used is a qualitative research method using domain taxonomic data analysis. The theory used is the study of Covid-19 and didaskalos which is based on a number of theoretical-theological truths about the two concepts studied, namely Covid and Didaskalos. The findings were that the didaskalos, especially the didaskalos candidates, saw Covid Covid-19 as an enemy, while Covid-19 as a friend still needed deep thinking about Covid-19.

 Keywords: Covid-19, Taman,  Didaskalos 

 

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan sisi negative dan positif dari penyebaran Covid-19 yang tidak menutup kemungkinan dapat memasuki kampus sekolah tinggi teologi yang di dalam artikel ini menggunakan istilah teknis teologis yakni taman didaskalos. Taman didaskalos adalah istilah teknis yang dipakai untuk merujuk pada tempat berlangsungnya kegiatan para didaskalos (guru/dosen dan calon guru) yaitu kampus Sekolah Tinggi Teologi khususnya Sekolah Tinggi Teologi IKSM Santosa Asih. Metode yang dipakai yakni metode penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan analisis data taksonomi domain. Teori yang digunakan yakni kajian tentang Covid-19 dan didaskalos yang didasarkan pada sejumlah kebenaran teoritik-teologis tentang dua konsep yang diteliti yaitu Covid dan didaskalos. Temuannya yakni para didaskalos khususnya calon didaskalos memandang Covid  Covid-19 sebagai musuh, sementara Covid-19 sebagai kawan masih memerlukan pemikiran yang mendalam tentang Covid-19.   

Kata Kunci: Covid-19, Taman,  Didaskalos
Seks Sebelum Nikah: Konsep Janji Temu dan Cinta Mengikut Perspektif Islam
Authors: Abdul Aziz Abdul Rashid , Ab Razak Nor Hamizah , Perdani Sawai Rezki , Husin Husin
Published: December 2020

Isu seks sebelum nikah dalam kalangan remaja di Malaysia kian meningkat dan menyumbang kepada pertambahan kes kehamilan anak luar nikah. Keadaan ini berlaku disebabkan oleh kurangnya pemahaman berkaitan konsep janji temu dan cinta menurut ajaran Islam. Justeru, penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti konsep janji temu dan cinta. Seterusnya, mengkaji janji temu dan konsep cinta dalam Islam serta solusi berhubung dengan natijah daripada penyimpangan dalam tingkah laku seks bebas ekoran daripada salah fahaman terhadap konsep sebenar janji temu dan cinta. Maklumat yang diketengahkan adalah berdasarkan kajian perpustakaan melalui kaedah analisis kandungan. Konsep janji temu dan cinta menurut perspektif islam dibincangkan secara terperinci dan diadun bersama teori segi tiga Sternberg dalam memahami permasalah yang berlaku. Dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa terdapat pelbagai elemen penting dalam konsep janji temu dan cinta menurut islam yang seterusnya menyumbang kepada solusi terhadap isu seks sebelum nikah. Tuntasnya, pengkajian seperti ini amatlah relevan dalam membantu mengawal kebejatan sosial yang berleluasa di negara kita.
Analisa Konsep Pertahanan Menyeluruh (HANRUH) dalam Program Latihan Khidmat Negara (PLKN)
Authors: Hashim Muhamad Ridzuan , Osman Nazariah , Keling Mohamad Faisol
Published: December 2020

Konsep Pertahanan Menyeluruh adalah berkait dengan usaha yang total dan bersepadu yang dilaksanakan oleh kerajaan, agensi bukan kerajaan, sektor swasta dan rakyat jelata dalam mempertahankan negara. Pemeliharaan keutuhan dan kedaulatan Malaysia memerlukan komitmen semua lapisan rakyat, dan tidak hanya dijalankan oleh angkatan tentera. Secara logikal tugas mempertahankan negara merupakan tanggungjawab pasukan keselamatan dan kewajipan untuk memastikan bahawa pasukan berkenaan mampu menghadapi cabaran adalah tanggungjawab nasional. Oleh itu, rakyat Malaysia perlu dipupuk semangat cinta akan negara atau patriotisme dan perlu mendedahkan semangat untuk mempertahankan negara dalam apa jua keadaan sekali pun. Latihan khidmat negara (National Service) dilihat sebagai salah satu pendekatan bagi sesebuah negara untuk mendekatkan rakyat kepada konsep ini. Oleh itu, kajian ini akan melihat konsep pertahanan menyeluruh dalam latihan khidmat negara yang telah dijalankan oleh negara Malaysia iaitu Program Latihan Khidmat Negara (PLKN).
Toleransi Penduduk Bumiputera Terhadap Kaum Cina di Sabah: Kajian Kes dalam kalangan Pelajar Sekolah Menengah di Kota Kinabalu, Sabah
Authors: Mohd Tamring Budi Anto , Hj. Mahali Saidatul Nornis
Published: December 2020

Isu hubungan antara masyarakat tempatan dengan masyarakat keturunan imigran merupakan isu biasa dalam mana-mana negara di seluruh dunia. Kesan penjajahan pada suatu masa dahulu telah menyebabkan komposisi penduduk di sesebuah negara pada hari ini telah bercampur malah sesetengah negara telah mengalami pertambahan penduduk yang agak drastik kesan daripada pengaruh penjajahan yang membawa penduduk dari tempat lain ke kawasan jajahan mereka. Pergerakan masyarakat kesan daripada keperluan ekonomi mahupun untuk keselamatan akhirnya juga menyebabkan sesebuah negara menerima ramai imigran. Malaysia sendiri telah melalui pengalaman demikian dan komposisi penduduk khususnya di Tanah Melayu memperlihatkan kemasukan orang Cina dan India secara besar-besaran semasa penjajahan British. Hubungan masyarakat Melayu dengan kaum imigran ini sehingga kini sering kali menimbulkan pelbagai masalah dan digambarkan sebagai mempunyai hubungan pasang surut. Malah kemuncak kepada hubungan tersebut adalah dengan tercetusnya peristiwa 13 Mei 1969. Justeru itu, kajian ini yang menggunakan soal-selidik dan melibatkan seramai 731 orang pelajar di sekolah menengah bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana toleransi penduduk Bumiputera Sabah khususnya pelajar-pelajar di sekolah Menengah terhadap kaum Cina. Penduduk Sabah dan khususnya Kota Kinabalu juga memiliki ramai penduduk Cina dan komposisi ini amat sesuai untuk menguji penerimaan masyarakat Bumiputera terhadap kaum Cina. Hasil kajian mendapati toleransi pelajar Bumiputera adalah tinggi terhadap kaum Cina. Dapatan kajian ini agak selari dengan kajian-kajian lepas yang mengatakan penduduk Sabah mempunyai tahap toleransi etnik yang tinggi.
FACTORS AND COGNITIVE MODEL OF REGIONAL TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Tsyganov Vladimir Victorovich , Savushkin Sergey Alexandrovich , Borodin Vladimir A.
Published: December 2020

Cognitive analysis technologies are used to model the spatial development of regional transport infrastructure. The basis for the application of these technologies is the identification and systematization of factors affecting the development of the transport infrastructure of the region, as well as the construction of cognitive maps reflecting the interdependence of these factors in the process of transport evolution and the spatial development of the region.
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kuruluş yılı logolarında arketip karşıtı bilinçaltı mesajlar
Authors: ERDAL Gültekin
Published: December 2020

Bu makale ile Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin 100 yıllık geçmişinde, Cumhuriyetimizin evrensel edinimlerinin logolar ile nasıl görselleştirildiği ele alınmıştır. İlk kez 50. yıl logosuyla görselleştirilen Cumhuriyetimiz, ilerleyen yıllardaki logolar ile hangi evrensel edinimlerin konu edildiği araştırılmıştır. Logolarda ele alınan temel konuların, yıllara göre değişip değişmediği, hangi renk ve formlarla vurgulandığı, logo dizgelerinin uluslararası okunurluğunun hangi boyutlarda başarılı olduğu üzerinde durulmuştur. Çoğumuzun farkında bile olmadığı bu garip imgelemlerin, toplumun bilinç altını nasıl şekillendirdiği örneklendirilmiştir. Örnekler ve araştırmalar ile elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda sonuçlara ulaşılmış ve önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Değerlendirilmeye alınan Cumhuriyet logoları, yüzüncü yıl logosuyla taçlanmış, olgusal ve algısal anlamda ele alınarak sonuçlar çıkartılmıştır. Cumhuriyetimizi anlatan tüm logolarda ilk bakışta nelerin görüldüğü ve logo tasarlayıcılarının izleyicisine ilk önce hangi olgusal kavramın verilmesini hedefledikleri ortaya koymaya çalışılmıştır.
PERANAN BAURAN PROMOSI TERHADAP PENINGKATAN VOLUME PEMBIAYAAN PADA PT BPRS RAHMANIA DANA SEJAHTERA BIREUEN DI KABUPATEN BIREUEN
Authors: Nurjannah Nurjannah
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan strategi pemasaran yang meliputi Periklanan (Advertising) Periklanan adalah semua bentuk penyajian nonpersonal, promosi ide-ide, promosi barang atau jasa yang dilakukan oleh sponsor yang dibayar, Promosi Penjualan (Sales Promotion) Promosi penjualan adalah variasi insentif jangka pendek untuk merangsang pembelian atau penjualan suatup roduk atau jasa, Hubungan Masyarakat dan Publisitas (Public Relation and Publicity), Hubungan Masyarakat adalah suatu usaha (variasi) dari rancangan  program guna memperbaiki, mempertahankan, atau melindungi perusahaan atau citra produk, Penjualan Persoanal (Personal Selling), Penjualan pribadi atau tatap muka adalah penyajian lisan dalam suatu pembicaraan dengan satu atau beberapa pembeli potensial dengan tujuan untuk melakukan penjualan. Pemasaran Langsung (Direct Marketing) komunikasi secara langsung yang digunakan dari mail, telepon, fax, e-mail, atau internet untuk mendapatkan tanggapan langsung dari konsumen secara jelas.Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah data yang di peroleh pihak manajemen dan nasabah yang menggunakan produk pembiayaan di PT BPRS Rahmania Dana Sejahtera, dalam bentuk wawancara dan analisa data yang dimiliki oleh perusahaan.Kata kunci: Bauran Promosi, Peningkatan Volume Pembiayaan
A Correctness Criterion for Eager Approach Validation for Transactional Memory System
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Peri Sathya
Published: December 2020

With rise of multicore systems, software transactional memory (STM) has garnered significant interest as an elegant alternative for developing concurrent code. A (memory) transaction is an unit of code in execution in memory. A software transactional memory system (STM) ensures that a transaction appears either to execute atomically (even in presence of other concurrent transactions) or to never have executed at all. To achieve this property, a commonly used approach by STM systems is eager validation approach. In this approach, when a transaction performs a write operation the update is immediately written to the memory and is visible to other transactions. If the transaction aborts, then the writes performed by it previously are undone with the aid of undo logs. In this paper, we have presented a new correctness criterion EAC for eager approach validation systems. We have developed a STM system that implements this criterion. The STM system uses database recovery criterion strictness and the notion of conflict graphs used for testing conflict serializability.
Clustering Based Classification and Analysis of Data
Authors: SAHU NEERAJ , RAJPUT D. S. , THAKUR R. S. , THAKUR G. S.
Published: December 2020

This paper presents Clustering Based Document classification and analysis of data. The proposed Clustering Based classification and analysis of data approach is based on Unsupervised and Supervised Document Classification. In this paper Unsupervised Document and Supervised Document Classification are used. In this approach Document collection, Text Preprocessing, Feature Selection, Indexing, Clustering Process and Results Analysis steps are used. Twenty News group data sets [20] are used in the Experiments. For experimental results analysis evaluated using the Analytical SAS 9.0 Software is used. The Experimental Results show the proposed approach out performs.
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT. SAMKO Indonesia
Authors: Amirudin Amirudin , Ariyanto Aris
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Samko Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah explanatory research dengan sampel sebanyak 74 responden. Teknik analisis menggunakan analisis statistik dengan pengujian regresi, korelasi, determinasi dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian ini variabel kepemimpinan diperoleh nilai rata-rata skor sebesar 3,39 dengan kriteria kurang baik. Variabel kinerja karyawan diperoleh nilai rata-rata skor sebesar 3,79 dengan kriteria kurang baik. Kepemimpinan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan nilai persamaan regresi Y = 11,377 + 0,784X, dan nilai koefisien korelasi 0,762 atau memiliki tingkat hubungan yang kuat dengan nilai determinasi 58,1%. Uji hipotesis diperoleh signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05.
Pengaruh Harga Produk dan Kualitas Pelayanan terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan Kitchen Outlet Berbasis Online di Wilayah Tangerang Selatan
Authors: Haudi Haudi , Wijoyo Hadion , Sunarsi Denok
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh harga produk dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan Kitchen outlet berbasis online di Wilayah Tangerang Selatan. Metode yang digunakan adalah explanatory research dengan teknik analisis menggunakan analisis statistik dengan pengujian regresi, korelasi, determinasi dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian ini harga produk berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan sebesar 40,4%, uji hipotesis diperoleh t hitung > t tabel atau (8,061 > 1,985). Kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan sebesar 50,8%, uji hipotesis diperoleh t hitung > t tabel atau (9,951 > 1,985). Harga produk dan kualitas pelayanan secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan dengan persamaan regresi Y = 9,390 + 0,281X1 + 0,490X2 dan kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 56,2%, uji hipotesis diperoleh F hitung > F tabel atau (60,957 > 2,770).
Role of Technology in the Development of Smart and Secure Public Voting Systems – a Review of Literatures
Authors: chandra Vinaya , K. Geetha Poornima , M. Rajeshwari , K. Krishna Prasad
Published: December 2020

The goal of the election is not only to determine the outcomes but also to lend credence to the winners, even for those voters who did not bother voting for them. This underlines the necessity of holding free, fair, and hidden elections. Component of all this is that elections are controlled by open and accountable, neutral, and autonomous electoral-management bodies. Utilizing technology in voting procedures can make it quicker, more efficient, and less susceptible to security breaches. The technology can ensure the safety of every vote, better and faster and much more accurate counting and automatic tallying. The design of a sophisticated voting system is a complex task as it has to fulfill several essential criteria. The secrecy of an elector’s poll is to be well-preserved. The voting system should not give any evidence that proves which candidate receives a particular voter’s vote. The process uses minimum paper documents and is therefore environmentally friendly. Bio-metric or retina scans can be used to ensure security. The e-voting system is vulnerable to several serious attacks from external sources. There is indeed a likelihood that anybody who has immediate access to the e-voting system can access it suspiciously. Malevolent software can steal one candidate's votes and assign them to some other. An attacker may deny officials access to the e-voting arrangement or render an e-voting structure unavailable for the Election Day voting process. This is known as a service denial (DoS) attack. But this kind of threat is hard to detect. A large number of questionable and invalid votes are the big problem with traditional paper-ballot based voting system. This phenomenon will be eliminated if the e-voting system is used. In addition to the speed of counting and reduction of errors the e-voting system offers some more advantages such as accessibility, verifiability, and availability. When the e-voting system is integrated with the Internet, any eligible voter can vote from anywhere as there will be two or more levels of authenticity checks. In this paper, the authors reviewed the application of technology in the development of smart, secure, and versatile public voting systems. Also, they outlined research gaps and recommend new approaches to the existing systems.
ÇAĞLARIN AKIŞINDA ANADOLU PİŞMİŞ TOPRAK KÜLTÜRÜ
Authors: ÜNAL Serap
Published: December 2020

İnsanoğlu, tüm yaşamsallığında var oluşundan bugüne dek hayatını sürdürebilmek için çeşitli alet, araç-gereçlere gereksinim duymuş, gruplar/topluluklar içinde ihtiyacı olan ortam ve gereçleri doğadan üreterek ve kullanarak hayata tutunmuştur. Aynı zamanda insan sosyal bir varlıktır.
En eski yerleşimlerin bize sundukları verilere göre, insanoğlu Nil Vadisi’nden Ön Asya Coğrafyasına ve Anadolu’da Paleolitik Dönemin başlarından itibaren ilk olarak taş yontarak alet edinmeye başladı. Sonrasında bu becerisini geliştirerek, tarımı, çanak çömleği, kadının önemini keşfetti, barınacağı evleri yaptı. Daha düzenli bir sosyal hayata geçti. İnsan çağlar boyu pişmiş toprak üretti ve halen günümüz endüstrisi de dahil üretmeye devam etmektedir.
Tüm bunların yanı sıra, geçmişten günümüze verdiği zengin, sosyokültürel betimsel malzeme ile çömlekçilik, binlerce yıllık geçmişi, üzerindeki bezeklerden formlarına, pişme derecelerine kadar birçok veriyi gerek arkeolojik, gerekse etnografik olarak çok sayıda disiplinle birlikte bizlere sunmaktadır. Anadolu’nun bu kapsamda zengin bir kültür coğrafyası olduğunu düşündüğümüzde bu varlığın kültür varlıklarımızın önemli bir alanını oluşturduğu bir gerçektir.
TELEVİZYON MECRASINDA REYTİNG SORUNSALI: TÜRKİYE’DE YAYIN YAPAN TV KANALLARININ İZLENME ORANLARININ ÖLÇÜMLENMESİNDE İLETİŞİM EĞİTİMİ ALAN GENÇLERİN GÖZÜNDE YAŞANAN AKSAKLIKLAR VE BU AKSAKLIKLARA YÖNELİK ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİLERİ
Authors: KUYUCU Mihalis
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de özellikle tecimsel televizyon kanallarının yayına başladığı doksanlı yıllarla beraber önemli bir konu haline dönüşen ve adeta televizyon mecrasının başarısının sınanmasında tek faktör olan reyting kavramı ile ilgili bir araştırma yapılmıştır. Reyting kavramı televizyon kanallarının temel gelir kaynağı olan reklamların dağıtılmasında önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Yüksek reytingi olan televizyon kanalları daha çok reklam ve dolayısıyla daha yüksek bir ticari başarı ile karşı kalırken düşük reyting alan kanallar ticari bağlamda başarısız olmaktadır. Bu durum dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de reyting konusunun tartışılmasına neden olmuştur. Düşük reyting alan programların kaldırılması, kanalların kapanmak zorunda kalması, nitelikli içeriklerin hedef kitlelere ulaşmada yaşadığı zorluklar ve ve reyting kavramının genellikle, genel kitlelerin izleme tercihlerini betimlemesi bu konu hakkında hem sektörel hem de akademik anlamda ciddi tartışmalara neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada reyting kavramı ile ilgili yapılan bir kavramsal araştırmanın ardından Türkiye’de televizyon mecrasında uygulanan izleyici ölçümleme yöntemleri ile ilgili daha önce yapılan akademik ve sektörel araştırmalar derlenerek yorumlanmıştır. Çalışmanın araştırma/uygulama bölümünde üniversitelerin iletişim fakültesi öğrencileri ile yapılan mülakatlar sonucunda iletişim fakültesi öğrencilerinin yani geleceğin medya sektörü çalışanlarının Türkiye’deki reyting sistemi hakkında ki görüşleri betimlenmiştir. Araştırma eleştirisel bir bakış açısıyla uygulanmış ve üniversitelerin iletişim fakültelerinde eğitim gören gençlerin bakış açısıyla sistemin aksaklıkları üzerine bir tümevarımsal analiz yapılmış ve bu aksaklıklara yönelik çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur.
HANS CHRİSTİAN ANDERSEN MASALLARI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: MEMMEDOV Rövşen
Published: December 2020

Makalede dünyaca ünlü çocuk yazarı Danimarkalı Hans Christian Andersen’in yazmış olduğu masallar araştırılmaktadır. Andersen Masalları başlığı altında toplanmış tüm masallar folklor üzerine yazılmıştır. Makalede bu masalların genel konusu, dili, Avrupa ve dünya edebiyatına etkileri tahlil edilmektedir. Ayrıca, masalların konu ve yapısına göre sınıflandırılması makalenin ana konularındandır. Masallar iki dalda incelenmektedir: Birisi, iyiliğin ve güzelliğin zaferine olan iyimser bir inanç; diğeri, kötülüğün ve karamsarlığın insan hayatındaki etkisi. Belirtmek gerekir ki Andersen Masalları’nın bazıları kendi yaşamından izler taşımaktadır. Bu onun çocuk ve gençlik yıllarında yaşamış olduğu zorlu hayatından ileri gelmektedir. Makalede Andersen’in “Çakmak”, “Gerçek Prenses”, “Yabani Kuğular”, “Yaşlı Adam Ne Yaparsa Haklıdır, “Yedi Bezelyede Uyuyan Prenses”, “Kralın Giysisi” gibi ünlü masallar çeşitli açılardan araştırılarak tahlil edilmiştir.
Lugares de memoria en Andalucía. Un camino por recorrer
Authors: Barrera Becerra Eduardo , Giráldez Díaz Fco. Javier , Melero Vargas Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2020

El texto pretende realizar un acercamiento a las actuaciones relacionadas con la gestión pública de los lugares de memoria de la Guerra Civil y el franquismo en Andalucía. En primer lugar, se repasa sucintamente la realidad represiva que implementó el franquismo en la región con más víctimas de España y que dio lugar a una serie de espacios relacionados con la memoria de las víctimas. Para ello se examina la normativa específica que los ha regulado en Andalucía y que ha sido referente para otras regiones con base a la cual han sido declarados oficialmente por parte de la Junta de Andalucía cincuenta y cuatro lugares de memoria. La importancia de estos lugares, su heterogeneidad y ejemplos significativos son objeto también de este artículo realizado desde la experiencia en la elaboración de las normas y gestión de estos espacios de sus autores en la extinta Dirección General de Memoria Democrática de la Junta de Andalucía.
Exiting from Lockdowns
Authors: Franks Jeffrey , Gruss Bertrand , Mulas-Granados Carlos , Patnam Manasa , Weber Sebastian
Published: December 2020

European authorities introduced stringent lockdown measures in early 2020 to reduce the transmission of COVID-19. As the first wave of infection curves flattened and the outbreak appeared controlled, most countries started to reopen their economies albeit using diverse strategies. This paper introduces a novel daily database of sectoral reopening measures in Europe during the first-wave and documents that country plans differed significantly in terms of timing, pace, and sequencing of sectoral reopening measures. We then show that reopenings led to a recovery in mobility—a proxy for economic activity—but at the cost of somewhat higher infections. However, the experience with reopening reveals some original dimensions of this trade-off. First, the increase in COVID-19 infections after reopening appears less severe in fatality rates. Second, a given reopening step is associated with a worse reinfection outcome in countries that started reopening earlier on the infection curve or that opened all sectors at a fast pace in a relatively short time. Finally, while opening measures tend to have an amplification effect on subsequent cases when a large fraction of the economy is already open, this effect appears heterogenous across sectors.
Haematological stress parameters and behavioural characteristics of dairy type goat kids compared to indigenous breeds during an intensive fattening programme
Authors: Ergul Ekiz Elif , Yalcintan Hulya , Ekiz Bulent
Published: December 2020

Abstract. In any production model, the extent to which the animals cope with the environment is important in terms of animal welfare and sustainability of production. The aim of the study was to investigate certain haematological parameters and behaviours of goat kids from dairy type Saanen and Maltese breeds via comparison with indigenous Hair and Gokceada breeds during the 10-week intensive fattening period. Eleven male goat kids each of Saanen, Maltese, Hair and Gokceada breeds were weaned at 3–3.5 months of age and then placed into four fattening pens prepared for each breed, separately. Cortisol, glucose and total protein levels were higher in Gokceada kids in the last period of the fattening compared to the kids of other breeds (P<0.05). In Gokceada kids, an evident decrease in the time spent hay feeding and on rumination and an increase in lying, standing and self-grooming behaviours were determined during the last 3 weeks of fattening. Moreover, there was a significant decrease regarding hay feeding in Hair goat kids in the last 2 weeks (P<0.05). Hair goat kids also exhibited less rumination behaviour compared to Saanen kids during the last 4 weeks of fattening (P<0.05). On the other hand, kids of dairy breeds did not express behavioural or biochemical stress responses during the fattening period. As a conclusion, when evaluated in terms of animal welfare, results of the current study may indicate that indigenous breeds, especially Gokceada kids, are not appropriate for intensive fattening in a pen.
Strong Light Absorption Induced by Aged Biomass Burning Black
Carbon over the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau in Pre-monsoon
Season
Authors: Tan Tianyi , Hu Min , Du Zhuofei , Zhao Gang , Shang Dongjie , Zheng Jing , Qin Yanhong , Li Mengren , Wu Yusheng , Zeng Limin , Guo Song , Wu Zhijun
Published: December 2020

Abstract. During the pre-monsoon season, biomass burning (BB) activities are intensive in southern Asia. Facilitated by westerly circulation, those BB plumes can be transported to the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Black carbon (BC), the main aerosol species in BB emissions, is an important climate warming agent, and its absorbing property strongly depends on its size distribution and mixing state. To elucidate the influence of those transported BB plumes on the TP, a field campaign was conducted on the southeast edge of the TP during the pre-monsoon season. It was found that the transported BB plumes substantially increased the number concentration of the atmospheric BC particles by 13 times, and greatly elevated the number fraction of thickly-coated BC from 52 % up to 91 %. Those transported BC particles had slightly larger core size and much thicker coatings than the background BC particles. However, the coating mass was not evenly distributed on BC particles with different sizes. The smaller BC cores were found to have larger shell/core ratios than the larger cores. Besides, the transported BB plumes strongly affected the vertical variation of the BC's abundance and mixing state, resulting in a higher concentration, larger number fraction and higher aging degree of BC particles in the upper atmosphere. Resulted from both increase of BC loading and aging degree, the transported BB plumes eventually enhanced the total light absorption by 15 times, in which 21 % was contributed by the BC aging and 79 % was contributed from the increase of BC mass. Particularly, the light absorption enhancement induced by the aging process during long-range transport has far exceeded the background aerosol light absorption, which implicates a significant influence of BC aging on climate warming over the TP region.
Quantifying the spatial extent and intensity of recent extreme
drought events in the Amazon rainforest and their impacts on the
carbon cycle
Authors: Papastefanou Phillip , Zang Christian S. , Angelov Zlatan , de Castro Aline Anderson , Jimenez Juan Carlos , De Rezende Luiz Felipe Campos , Ruscica Romina , Sakschewski Boris , Sörensson Anna , Thonicke Kirsten , Vera Carolina , Viovy Nicolas , Von Randow Celso , Rammig Anja
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Over the last decades, the Amazon rainforest was hit by multiple severe drought events. Here we assess the severity and spatial extent of the extreme drought years 2005, 2010, and 2015/2016 in the Amazon region and their impacts on the carbon cycle. As an indicator of drought stress in the Amazon rainforest, we use the widely applied maximum cumulative water deficit (ΔMCWD). Evaluating an ensemble of ten state-of-the-art precipitation datasets for the Amazon region, we find that the spatial extent of the drought in 2005 ranges from 2.8 to 4.2 (mean = 3.2) million km2 (46–71 % of the Amazon basin, mean = 53 %) where ΔMCWD indicates at least moderate drought conditions (ΔMCWD anomaly
A climate index for the Newfoundland and Labrador shelf
Authors: Cyr Frédéric , Galbraith Peter S.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. This study presents in detail a new climate index for the Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) shelf. The NL climate index aims to describe the environmental conditions on the NL shelf and in the Northwest Atlantic as a whole. It consists of annual normalized anomalies of 10 subindices with equal contribution: Winter North Atlantic Oscillation, air temperature, sea ice season severity, iceberg count, sea surface temperature, vertically-averaged temperature and salinity at the Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program (AZMP) Station 27, cold intermediate layer (CIL) core temperature at AZMP Station 27, CIL area on 3 AZMP hydrographic sections and bottom temperature on the NL shelf. This index runs from 1951 to 2019, is open-access, and will be updated annually. This index and the subindices are available at https://doi.org/10.20383/101.0301 (Cyr and Galbraith, 2020).
Modeling long-term fire impact on ecosystem characteristics and surface energy using a process-based vegetation–fire model SSiB4/TRIFFID-Fire v1.0
Authors: Huang Huilin , Xue Yongkang , Li Fang , Liu Ye
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Fire is one of the primary disturbances to the distribution and ecological
properties of the world's major biomes and can influence the surface fluxes
and climate through vegetation–climate interactions. This study incorporates
a fire model of intermediate complexity to a biophysical model with dynamic
vegetation, SSiB4/TRIFFID (The Simplified Simple Biosphere Model coupled
with the Top-down Representation of Interactive Foliage and Flora Including
Dynamics Model). This new model, SSiB4/TRIFFID-Fire, updating fire impact on
the terrestrial carbon cycle every 10 d, is then used to simulate the
burned area during 1948–2014. The simulated global burned area in 2000–2014
is 471.9 Mha yr−1, close to the estimate of 478.1 Mha yr−1 in
Global Fire Emission Database v4s (GFED4s), with a spatial correlation of
0.8. The SSiB4/TRIFFID-Fire reproduces temporal variations of the burned
area at monthly to interannual scales. Specifically, it captures the
observed decline trend in northern African savanna fire and accurately
simulates the fire seasonality in most major fire regions. The simulated
fire carbon emission is 2.19 Pg yr−1, slightly higher than the GFED4s
(2.07 Pg yr−1). The SSiB4/TRIFFID-Fire is applied to assess the long-term fire impact on
ecosystem characteristics and surface energy budget by comparing model runs
with and without fire (FIRE-ON minus FIRE-OFF). The FIRE-ON simulation
reduces tree cover over 4.5 % of the global land surface, accompanied by
a decrease in leaf area index and vegetation height by 0.10 m2 m−2
and 1.24 m, respectively. The surface albedo and sensible heat are reduced
throughout the year, while latent heat flux decreases in the fire season but
increases in the rainy season. Fire results in an increase in surface
temperature over most fire regions.