bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Drug Delivery Systems Targeting Insulin Signalling for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Sachdeva Punya , Narayanan Kannan Badri , Sinha Jitendra Kumar , Gupta Saurabh , Ghosh Shampa , Singh Krishna Kumar , Bhaskar Rakesh , Almutary Abdulmajeed G. , Zothantluanga James H. , Kotta Kranthi Kumar , Nelson Vinod Kumar , Paiva-Santos Ana Cláudia , Abomughaid Mosleh Mohammad , Kamal Mehnaz , Iqbal Danish , ALHarbi Mohammed Hamoud , ALMutairi Awadh Aedh , Dewanjee Saikat , Nuli Mohana Vamsi , Vippamakula Shanmugam , Jha Saurabh Kumar , Ojha Shreesh , Jha Niraj Kumar
Published: April 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid-β plaques. Recent research has unveiled the pivotal role of insulin signaling dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AD. Insulin, once thought to be unrelated to brain function, has emerged as a crucial factor in neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive processes. Insulin and the downstream insulin signaling molecules are found mainly in the hippocampus and cortex. Some molecules responsible for dysfunction in insulin signaling are GSK-3β, Akt, PI3K, and IRS. Irregularities in insulin signaling or insulin resistance may arise from changes in the phosphorylation levels of key molecules, which can be influenced by both stimulation and inactivity. This, in turn, is believed to be a crucial factor contributing to the development of AD, which is characterized by oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and other pathological hallmarks. Furthermore, this route is known to be indirectly influenced by Nrf2, NF-κB, and the caspases. This mini-review delves into the intricate relationship between insulin signaling and AD, exploring how disruptions in this pathway contribute to disease progression. Moreover, we examine recent advances in drug delivery systems designed to target insulin signaling for AD treatment. From oral insulin delivery to innovative nanoparticle approaches and intranasal administration, these strategies hold promise in mitigating the impact of insulin resistance on AD. This review consolidates current knowledge to shed light on the potential of these interventions as targeted therapeutic options for AD.
Factors Associated with Lower Social Activity in German Older Adults at Increased Risk of Dementia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Buchholz Maresa , Zöllinger Isabel , Thyrian Jochen René , Luppa Melanie , Zülke Andrea , Döhring Juliane , Lunden Laura , Sanftenberg Linda , Brettschneider Christian , Czock David , Frese Thomas , Gensichen Jochen , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Kaduszkiewicz Hanna , König Hans-Helmut , Wiese Birgitt , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. , Blotenberg Iris
Published: April 2024

Background: Studies demonstrate associations between low social activity in older adults and cognitive decline. Little has been investigated regarding which factors are associated with low social activity in older adults at increased risk of dementia. Objective: We investigate which sociodemographic, psychological, health-related, and environmental factors are associated with low social activity in older adults at increased risk of dementia. Additionally, we describe the stages of health behavior change, the types of social activities, and the duration of the current level of social activity. Methods: We used baseline data of 1,015 participants from the AgeWell.de trial. We conducted logistic and Poisson regression analyses to investigate factors associated with low social activity. We report descriptive statistics on the stages of change in the sample, the types of social activities most frequently pursued, and the duration of the current level of social activity. Results: Lower income, non-usage of public transport, depressive symptoms, cognitive, mobility, and hearing impairment were negatively associated with social activity. The majority of the sample was in the maintenance stage, followed by the precontemplation stage. The most common social activities were traveling and hobbies with others. Participants have maintained their current level of social activity for several years. Conclusions: We identified a lack of resources (income, transport), depressive symptoms and poorer health (cognitive, mobility and hearing impairment) as barriers to social activity. Interventions promoting social activity in older adults at risk of dementia may specifically target individuals with these risk factors. Low-threshold opportunities for social activity may be particularly beneficial.
Employment practices as experienced by persons with intellectual disability, employers, and employment specialists across Canada
Authors: Morris Rae , Christianson-Barker Jennifer , Stainton Tim , Mills Rachel , Schroeder Monica , Cox John , Rowley Chris , Hole Rachelle
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Rates of un- and under-employment are high among persons with intellectual disabilities in Canada. More information is needed to better understand how current employment practices are experienced by persons with intellectual disabilities and those who hire and support them. OBJECTIVE: This exploratory and descriptive study sought to learn about employment practices as experienced by self-advocates with intellectual disabilities, employers, and employment specialists; to identify key barriers and facilitators to equitable inclusion of persons with intellectual disabilities in attaining and maintaining paid and competitive employment. METHODS: An online survey invited participants from all three groups to share their experiences and descriptive analysis was conducted to offer a summary of patterns across participant experiences. RESULTS: 149 participants (77 employment specialists, 59 self-advocates, and 13 employers) from across Canada participated in the survey and shared information about their experiences across recruitment, hiring, integration, and performance management of persons with intellectual disabilities. CONCLUSION: This study offers information about employment practices in Canada that directly impact the experiences of potential or current employees with intellectual disabilities. The findings may be used to inform the development of employment standards, best practices, and/or future research to improve disability-inclusive employment.
Corticospinal excitability during motor preparation of upper extremity reaches reflects flexor muscle synergies: A novel principal component-based motor evoked potential analyses
Authors: Augenstein Thomas E. , Oh Seonga , Norris Trevor A. , Mekler Joshua , Sethi Amit , Krishnan Chandramouli
Published: April 2024

Background: Previous research has shown that noninvasive brain stimulation can be used to study how the central nervous system (CNS) prepares the execution of a motor task. However, these previous studies have been limited to a single muscle or single degree of freedom movements (e.g., wrist flexion). It is currently unclear if the findings of these studies generalize to multi-joint movements involving multiple muscles, which may be influenced by kinematic redundancy and muscle synergies. Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize corticospinal excitability during motor preparation in the cortex prior to functional upper extremity reaches. Methods: 20 participants without neurological impairments volunteered for this study. During the experiment, the participants reached for a cup in response to a visual “Go Cue”. Prior to movement onset, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to stimulate the motor cortex and measured the changes in motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in several upper extremity muscles. We varied each participant’s initial arm posture and used a novel synergy-based MEP analysis to examine the effect of muscle coordination on MEPs. Additionally, we varied the timing of the stimulation between the Go Cue and movement onset to examine the time course of motor preparation. Results: We found that synergies with strong proximal muscle (shoulder and elbow) components emerged as the stimulation was delivered closer to movement onset, regardless of arm posture, but MEPs in the distal (wrist and finger) muscles were not facilitated. We also found that synergies varied with arm posture in a manner that reflected the muscle coordination of the reach. Conclusions: We believe that these findings provide useful insight into the way the CNS plans motor skills.
Classical Explanation of Absorption Spectra
Authors: Jadhav G. H.
Published: April 2024

This paper first discusses the difficulties in interpreting the absorption spectra of a gas of particular atoms filled in a chamber with perfectly reflective inner walls. It is expected that if an atom produces a light wave of frequency _ν_, the electron that generated this wave due to its transition must oscillate at one place in the atom with that frequency which must be the natural frequency of that electron at that place. But no atomic model is in a position to support this. When a light wave of the same frequency interacts with the same electron of the atom, it will oscillate at the same frequency, which is called resonance. But if there is a difference of 180 degrees between the light wave created by these oscillations of that electron and the light wave interacting that electron, no net wave can be created or come out, so a black line will appear at the frequency _ν_ at absorption spectrum of gas of such atoms. No matter how long light is shone on that gas, this condition will remain forever. By considering the conservation of energy the same thing cannot be explained using the concept of absorption of photons, which seems to be ignored forever.
Semantic analysis of two-syllabic terms of metrology. Part 2: Risk in measurements and calculations
Authors: Levin S. F.
Published: April 2024

Prior to the requirement for testing and calibration laboratories to take into account the risk of statistical assumptions, false positive and false negative decisions in international documents, it was found that the methodology of the “Guide to Expressing Measurement Uncertainty” based on the Bayes approach and the Monte Carlo method for calculating probabilistic risk characteristics is not applicable. A later draft revision of the “Manual on the Expression of Measurement Uncertainty” attempted to shift the interpretation of measurement uncertainty from the scattering parameter to the probability distribution. An attempt to contribute to solving the problem of definitional uncertainty in the International Dictionary of Basic and Basic Terms of Metrology was also unsuccessful. In the new version of the dictionary of general statistical terms and probability theory terms, the term measurement uncertainty is excluded, and one of the notes states that “the probability distribution fully describes the probabilistic properties of the uncertainty of the result”. However, due to the new requirements for risk calculations, international documents were urgently put into effect without radical assessments of the inapplicability of the Bayes approach and the Monte Carlo method, the disadvantages were renamed limitations, but there are no specific instructions for calculating risks. Based on the experience of the compositional approach to estimating accuracy, a procedure based on the convolution of probability distributions in the form of a modified reversal formula is recommended, which allows taking into account the definitive uncertainty in the moment approach. It is established that the method of accounting for the definitive uncertainty by convolution of uniform distributions is practically suggested in the text of the “Manual on the expression of measurement uncertainty”, but not used.
Accuracy of coordinate measurements at phase modulation by digital raster
Authors: Solomatin V. A. , Otkupman D. G.
Published: April 2024

The development of optical-electronic instruments for measuring linear and angular quantities based on focal-plane array (photomatrices) using a digital phase analyzer (digital raster) is considered. It is shown that, unlike a phase raster with a mechanical drive, a digital raster provides the possibility of automation and increased measurement accuracy, reducing the weight and size characteristics of the measuring instrument. A method for constructing a digital raster is proposed, based on the use of photomatrices in combination with computer technologies. To ensure the required accuracy of the developed opto-electronic devices, the sources and components of the measurement error were investigated. The influence of the discrete structure of a digital raster on the error in measuring image coordinates has been studied. Mathematical expressions are obtained for calculating the limiting values of coordinate measurement errors caused by parasitic phase modulation that occurs when using a digital raster (sampling error). The dependence of these errors on image parameters and pixel size has been determined. It is shown that, based on the permissible maximum sampling error, it is possible to calculate the required dimensions of a photomatrix pixel, while the size of the sampling pixel can be larger than the size of the photomatrix pixel, which is very signifi cant from the point of view of energy relations. The results obtained will be useful in the development of optical-electronic means of angular and linear measurements with digital rasters.
Solid materials microwave dielectric properties: features of methods practical use
Authors: Krylov V. P. , Chirkov R. A. , Zabezhaylov M. O. , Khramov A. N.
Published: April 2024

Features of methods practical use for material dielectric properties measurement in different (factory and metrological) laboratories and influence of above mentioned features on measurements results are considered. Results are obtained by Obninsk Research and Production Enterprise “Technologiya” A. G. Romashin radiophysics laboratory and by East-Siberian branch Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Russian metrological institute of technical physics and radio engineering” department of radio engineering measurements. Results of microwave permittivity and loss tangent solid materials measurements are analysed. This investigation made it possible to get additional information about features of standard methods practical use for material dielectric properties measurement, which was absent in literature earlier. In laboratories for measurements used the waveguide resonator and the standardized techniques. The factory laboratory applied a measurement method at the fixed frequency with control in a resonance movement of the plunger, and in metrological laboratory a measurement method with the fixed length of the resonator and measurement at resonant frequencies. Results of measurements showed good reproducibility of results for samples that are meeting method requirements. It was revealed reducing reproducibility of measurements of hygroscopic, heterogeneous samples and in the case of nonobservance of diameter method requirements. Obtained results can be applied for reproducibility improvement of dielectric properties measurements in practical use of considered methods.
The Aragonese bat and other stories about the señera
Authors:   Institute of world History of the Russian Academy of science., Tchernik Alexander
Published: April 2024

The article uses data from sigillography, numismatics and pictorial sources to analyze the composition of the coat of arms of the Autonomous Community of Aragon, known since 1499. The legends associated with it are considered. This is the legend about the origin of the red and gold pillars of Aragon, the appearance of the red cross of the Sobrarbe tree, the legend about the cross in the dream of Inigo Arista on the eve of the battle of Arajuest, the legend about the Alco-rass cross of St. George with the four heads of the Moors. The author notes that the dragon in the crest of the Aragonese kings appeared under Pedro IV, and apparently is a vowel version of his knightly name Pedrodragon. The term «señera» in Aragon was applied exclusively to the royal coat of arms. The transformation of the dragon into a bat occurred in con-nection with the fading of the medieval meaning of this visual image.
INVESTMENT ACTIVITY OF INSURANCE COMPANIES IN THE INSURANCE MARKET OF UKRAINE: ASSESSMENT AND DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors:   Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Popova Liubov
Published: April 2024

The article considers the formation and investment of financial resources of insurance companies in Ukraine in the current conditions and outlines the main directions of increasing the investment potential of insurance companies. The dynamics of growth of insurance premiums, reserves, assets and equity of insurance companies as important indicators of market development in general and investment income of insurance companies are studied. The small share of insurance premiums and assets in GDP indicates that the development of the insurance market has little impact on the country's economy. There is a gradual growth of the market in 2023 by key indicators. Insufficient capitalization of the domestic insurance market, a large share of compulsory insurance in insurers' portfolios, low level of life insurance development, and economic crisis are currently having a negative impact on the development of insurance companies' investment activities. The author outlines the main areas of investment activity for the near future, which are to activate the financial market in order to use a wide range of investment instruments, improve the quality of the investment portfolio and optimize its management by transferring part of the insurance reserves to trust management, and encourage insurance companies to invest in the real sector of the economy. It is important to strictly adhere to the principles of building an investment management system based on high investment liquidity, return on investment, strict liquidity restrictions, and sensitivity to changes in interest rates and profitability. All of this will help strengthen the investment potential of the insurance market, turn it into an important investor in the national economy, and increase the profitability of insurance companies' investments, in particular. In addition, the development of voluntary insurance, including long-term life insurance, the development of new competitive insurance products, the search for new and improvement of existing sales methods, the expansion of the regional network, and the widespread use of digital technologies are considered promising.
PUBLIC PROCUREMENT: EVOLUTION OF DEVELOPMENT AND WORLD BEST PRACTICES
Authors:   National Aviation University, Smerichevska Svitlana , Postnikov Oleksii ,   National Aviation University; National Defence University of Ukraine
Published: April 2024

Public procurement plays a pivotal role in the economy, ensuring efficient spending of budgetary funds, stimulating business development, and combating corruption. This paper comprehensively explores the evolution of public procurement systems worldwide and compares best global practices with Ukraine's domestic Prozorro electronic platform. The study analyzes the main historical stages of public procurement development – from early informal agreements to the formation of centralized systems with clear rules and procedures in the 18th-19th centuries. It examines the tender era of the 20th century, marked by the introduction of electronic methods, establishment of e-procurement systems, and the growing role of international organizations. The modern 21st century stage is highlighted, with a focus on strategic procurement, innovative methods, the role of data and analytics, and ethical aspects. Key events that reshaped the public procurement paradigm globally are outlined. The paper provides detailed characterization of leading electronic platforms for public procurement, highlighting their features, advantages, and drawbacks. The public procurement systems in Ukraine and the European Union are compared, outlining directions for harmonizing Ukrainian legislation with European standards and best practices. Key issues and potential ways to improve the procurement system to reduce corruption levels are outlined. The World Bank's recommendations on using Ukraine's Prozorro electronic system for all procurement needs for the country's reconstruction after the full-scale invasion by Russia are highlighted. The prospects of adapting Prozorro to the World Bank's specific standards and reconstruction needs, particularly regarding the procurement of consulting, design, and architectural works, are considered. The study underscores the utmost importance of continuous improvement of Ukraine's public procurement system, incorporating global best practices, implementing innovations, enhancing workforce qualifications, and adhering to principles of transparency and integrity. Only through reform can effective use of budgetary funds and ambitious goals of the country's reconstruction be achieved.
FINANCIAL SECURITY OF RELATIONS BETWEEN THE FOREIGN INVESTOR AND THE MANAGING COMPANY IN THE PARADIGM OF "INFORMATION ASYMMETRY" AND "MORAL RISK"
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Gumeniuk Roman
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to scientific analysis and characterization of the foreign investor's (the subsidiary owned by such investor) relations with the management company. The high level of information asymmetry and moral risk in relations between foreign investors and management companies was emphasized. The main advantages and disadvantages of transferring the functions of the executive body to the management company were highlighted (more effective management – on the one hand and higher risks of breaching non-compete or non-disclosure rules, higher expenses – on the other hand). The current state of legislative regulation of the status of the management company was analyzed. It was suggested to enshrine recommendations in legal acts regarding: financial indicators (the size and the form of payment of the share capital, the volume of net assets, indicators of financial stability and sustainability), qualification, skills, experience, and education of employees, premises, technical and software indicators, non-compete and non-disclosure rules, which the management company should meet. Institutional analysis of the agreement on transferring the functions of the executive body to the management company was carried out, main distinctions of this kind of agreement from the agency agreement, the mandate contract, the service agreement, and the property management contract were explained. It was proposed to determine the agreement on transferring the functions of the executive body to the management company as the business-law contract, according to which the legal entity-management company undertakes to provide managerial services for the company, to perform the functions of the executive body, stipulated by the corporate legislation and the charter of the company, is empowered to dispose the property and to make transactions on behalf and in the interests of the company, and shall receive payments for such services from the company. Practical recommendations regarding improvement of legal regulation of relations with the management company were given in order to increase the investment attractiveness of Ukraine.
The Interrelationship between Women’s Participation in Neighbourhood Groups and Family Dynamics: A Case Study of Kudumbashree Members
Authors:   Tata Institute of Social Sciences, India, P B Aarcha
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This study explores the multidimensional nature of empowerment by focusing on the household dynamics and the mobility of the members of the Kudumbashree neighbourhood groups in the Thrissur district of Kerala. The study examines if the self-confidence and assertive abilities that women develop as part of their membership translate to a shift in power dynamics and agency within households. To capture the nuances, a qualitative design was chosen for the study. 30 in-depth, semi-structured interviews and 3 focus group discussions were conducted. Participants were recruited through purposive, maximum variation sampling, and the data was analysed using thematic analysis. The active engagement in the neighbourhood groups does not translate to autonomous decision-making within the households. Despite having access to loans, women make decisions regarding loans in consultation with their husbands. Participants from lower income categories as well as nuclear families are more active compared to the others. Due to their active engagement, only the presidents and secretaries of the groups reported a change in mobility because of their membership. It was found that there are slight changes in family dynamics due to membership. However, women’s contribution to family income does not translate to their increased agency within the family. The effect of the membership is also not uniform. The study identifies and recommends ways in which Kudumbashree can be effectively utilised as a platform for women’s empowerment in addition to the financial aid that it provides to its members. Keywords: Agency, decision-making, family dynamics, neighbourhood groups
Premio FIL de Literatura en Lenguas Romances. Mircea Cărtărescu 2022
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Cărtărescu Mircea , Zúñiga Chávez Dulce María , Domingo Hérnandez Claudina , Meza Álvarez Adán
Published: April 2024

“Cărtărescu escribe una literatura infantil para adultos, por decirlo de alguna manera. El asombro al que apela el autor es uno que no ha sido condenado por la conciencia real del mundo, sino el de la barroca imaginación infantil dispuesta a creer antes que a exigir evidencias”. —Claudina Domingo. La prosa imaginativa y desbordante de Mircea Cărtărescu combina elementos fantásticos y realistas, ficciones especulares que indagan en la construcción de la identidad desde un espacio liminal y periférico en el paisaje europeo.
A Simple Differential Evolution with Random Mutation and Crossover Constants for Constrained Optimization
Authors: Vu Vu Truong
Published: April 2024

The article proposes a simple version of the differential evolution algorithm (abbreviated as sDE) in which the mutation factor and crossover constant are chosen randomly in the range (0,1) during the search for the optimal solution. The sDE is the same as the original version of the differential evolution algorithm, except the user does not have to choose the best values of mutation constant and crossover constant for each optimization problem. Therefore, the optimization process is now very simple as it remains only one parameter (i.e. the population size) in the algorithm, besides the stopping criterion (e.g. number of iterations). It also consumes less computation time than the original differential evolution as it is not necessary to tune the mutation and crossover constants. In this study, the proposed technique is applied to three constrained optimizations, three engineering design problems, and six planar and spatial trusses under frequency constraints. Despite the very simple characteristics of the proposed technique, sDE gives promising results in comparison with other results in the literature.
Раскрытие фондов библиотек и электронно-библиотечных систем в цифровой среде
Authors:   Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology, Евстигнеева Г. А. , Ушакова Ольга Б. ,   Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology, Романенко И. П. ,   Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology
Published: April 2024

Уровень развития информатизации предъявляет высокие требования к информационно-поисковым системам в целом и библиотечным каталогам в частности. Электронный каталог библиотеки должен обладать эффективными поисковыми возможностями и быть удобным для читателей, привыкших работать с поисковыми системами интернета. В статье рассматриваются способы раскрытия содержания изданий в электронных каталогах нескольких ведущих библиотек России и зарубежья, сводных каталогах, российских электронных библиотеках и электронно-библиотечных системах из подписки ГПНТБ России. Приводятся особенности способов раскрытия содержания коллекций и фондов в этих типах организаций как с точки зрения информационного наполнения библиографической записи, так и в части функциональных возможностей каталога. Отмечаются различия в информационных сервисах, с одной стороны, и, с другой стороны, всеобщее понимание важности задачи предоставления полной структурированной информации о книжных собраниях через электронные каталоги с простыми и удобными поисковыми сервисами.
Challenges for the Institute of Sci-tech Information in the circumstances of reviving Donbas’ industrial potential
Authors:   Institute of Scientific and Technical Information, Soldatova Victoria V. , Kurgan Elena G. ,   Institute of Scientific and Technical Information
Published: April 2024

The authors explore the ways for the Institute of Sci-tech Information to contribute to the reconstruction of Donbas industrial potential. They describe the institutional structure and profile, and historical background of the institutional specialization. They also substantiate the Institute’s role in the recovery processes in the Republic as the backbone support player and the regional center of sci-tech information. The dynamics of the industrial performance in the prewar period, during DPR’s independence period, and the Republic’s entry into the Russian Federation, is characterized. The authors suggest the vectors of ISTI activities to support the reconstruction of Donbas industrial potential through sci-tech information.
PROSPECTS OF THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ROBOTIC SYSTEMS IN THE HOTEL AND RESTAURANT BUSINESS
Authors: Klievtsov Ye. H. , Filippova O. Yu.
Published: April 2024

Objective. The purpose of the article is to analyze the prospects for the use of robotic systems and artificial intelligence in the hotel and restaurant business, to provide recommendations for the introduction of innovative technologies in the hotel and restaurant business.

Methods. When studying the prospects of using artificial intelligence technologies in the hotel and restaurant business, analyzing robotic systems, such empirical and theoretical research methods were used as:

Observation — to determine the dynamics of the development of the hotel and restaurant industry and their trends to identify changes.

Deduction — to identify factors affecting the prospect of using robotic systems and artificial intelligence in the service market.

Analysis — determining the reasons for the influence of factors on the restaurant business market.

Comparison — to determine the results of the influence of factors on the functioning of hotel and restaurant business establishments, the use of data of accommodation establishments by the number of rooms.

The results. According to the analysis of the hotel and restaurant business, the key factors affecting its competitiveness and success, especially when using the latest technologies, have been determined. Hotels are implementing innovative technologies, including robotic systems and artificial intelligence, demonstrating high occupancy and attractiveness for modern generations.

When conducting an analysis of hotel occupancy in Japan, the main theses were summarized:

- Hotel Henn na Hotel Tokyo Ginza with artificial intelligence and robots at the reception showed the highest level of occupancy - 88.8%, which shows the high interest of guests in the latest technologies and automated service.

- Other hotels that do not use innovation have a lower level of occupancy, which emphasizes the importance of technological development to maintain competitiveness.

In order to use the latest technologies to improve the hotel and restaurant business, a comprehensive digital system was proposed, including voice recognition, artificial intelligence (using GPT algorithms), and a Smart Home system. This creates a comfortable environment for guests and facilitates the work of the service staff.

The result is that the implementation of innovations can positively affect hotel occupancy and ensure guest satisfaction, especially generations Y and Z.

It was determined that innovations such as robotic systems and artificial intelligence allow businesses to attract more customers, in particular, people who appreciate modern technology and comfort. The use of complex digital systems can improve the competitiveness and efficiency of the hotel and restaurant business.

These results indicate the prospects of innovations in the field of hotel and restaurant business, and their implementation can become a key success factor in the modern market environment.
Vojenskí hrdinovia v košickej tlači z roku 1749
Authors:   University of Trnava, Juríková Erika
Published: April 2024

V roku 1749 vyšla v košickej akademickej tlačiarni tlač, ktorú venovali študenti triedy rétoriky doktorom filozofie k promóciám. Ide o dielo rodáka z Voderád, jezuitu Jána Gabriela Valentína Kendraia, Bellici Cassoviae simul et per superiorem Hungariam sub Principibus Austriacis Praetores seu Generales Saeculo XVII., ktoré má panegyrický charakter. Venuje sa životným osudom a vojenskej kariére štyroch generálov, ktorí slúžili v službách rakúskeho cisára Rudolfa II. Habsburského. Všetci zohrali významnú úlohu pri upevňovaní katolíckeho náboženstva a ich vojenská činnosť súvisí s mestom Košice. Štúdia charakterizuje promočnú tlač a čitateľovi stručne predstaví generálov a ich charakterové vlastnosti, ktoré autor u vojakov vyzdvihol. Zároveň sa venuje fenoménu príležitostnej literatúry reprezentujúcej festivitu barokového človeka.
Medúza v súčasnom švajčiarskom prepise
Authors:   Comenius University Bratislava, Malinovská Zuzana
Published: April 2024

Mytologická Medúza je produktívnym symbolom, ktorý dlhodobo inšpiruje umelcov, spisovateľov a vedcov z rôznych oblastí. Potvrdzuje to aj Marc Voltenauer, súčasný švajčiarsky po francúzsky píšuci prozaik. Uznávaný autor detektívnych románov si vo svojom druhom románe Kto zabil Heidi? (2017) privlastní Medúzu, tú však, sledujúc vlastnú intenciu, prepíše: taká je východisková hypotéza uvažovania. Poukázaním na „medúzovské“ mytémy v texte so zdvojenou štruktúrou – detektívny príbeh a rodinný príbeh – štúdia vysvetľuje, ako autor využíva antitetický charakter symbolu. Zároveň ukazuje, že prepisom Medúzy autor nielenže udržiava v napätí čitateľa, ktorému ponúka napínavý detektívny príbeh, ale núti ho i premýšľať nad bytím v súčasnom svete. Román Kto zabil Heidi?, konštruovaný okolo prepísanej Medúzy, nastoľuje otázky individuálnych i spoločenských zlyhaní, pričom rúca idylickú predstavu o súčasnom Švajčiarsku. Aktuálnosťou a univerzálnosťou zobrazovaných tém prekonáva autor úzky rámec regionálnej literatúry a zaraďuje sa do jednej z významných línií súčasného detektívneho žánru.
Latinské epigramy v novolatinskej gramatografii vo fondoch slovenských knižníc – východiská, pramene, hypotézy (na príklade fondu SNK v Martine)
Authors:   Comenius University Bratislava, Pacala Frederik
Published: April 2024

Cieľom príspevku je predstaviť východiská, pramene a hypotézy týkajúce sa výskumu zameraného na básnické texty obsiahnuté v gramatikách latinčiny a gréčtiny dochovaných na území dnešného Slovenska medzi 16. až ca. 18. storočím. Textový korpus výskumu tvoria diela vydané na území Slovenska, ako aj v zahraničí. Autor v príspevku, ktorý je praktickou prípadovou sondou do pramenného materiálu, predstavuje gramatiky latinčiny a gréčtiny dochované v Slovenskej národnej knižnici v Martine, ktorých bolo pri skúmaní identifikovaných 271. Paratexty vo forme veršov obsahuje len ca. 20% z nich. Tento počet ešte znižujú opakujúce sa vydania jednotlivých gramatík, ktoré obsahujú rovnaké paratextové jednotky. V druhej časti textu sú predstavené už konkrétne diela, ako napríklad melanchtonovská gramatika Compendium Grammaticae Latinae majus D. Philippi Melanchtonis Eliáša Ursinyho, vydaná v Levoči v roku 1619, či konkrétne básne z ďalších gramatík vydaných na území Slovenska. V závere autor popisuje ďalšie otázky a smerovanie výskumu, ktorý si kladie za úlohu zadefinovať paratextový epigram v latinských gramatikách ako jednotný žáner so špecifickými kritériami, obsahom a funkciou (motivácia žiaka, chvála autora) v rámci celého diela.
WORLD DIGITAL DETOX DAY: A GLOBAL MOVEMENT TO ADDRESS DIGITAL DEPENDENCY
Authors: Chaudhari Rekha , Sharma Neha
Published: April 2024

Amidst the dominance of virtual era, the vast use of screens and smartphones has led to a worrisome increase in global reliance on digital sources. World Digital Detox Day has arisen as an essential endeavor in response to the urgent necessity to cope with this depend. The principal goal is to foster a worldwide motion in the direction of achieving a kingdom of healthy balance and attention in our digital life. The article offers a succinct summary of the primary desires, processes, and predicted results of this challenge. The motive of this endeavor is to enhance awareness regarding the adverse effects related to prolonged screen exposure and virtual engagement. Stakeholders from diverse sectors, together with generation, healthcare, training, and policymaking, will collaborate to deal with this count number. The primary goal of this initiative is to enable people to reclaim authority over their virtual lifestyles through the promotion of more advantageous digital behaviors, the cultivation of virtual literacy, and the establishment of environments that facilitate virtual cleansing. The objective of World Digital Detox Day is to foster a sustainable and harmonious connection with generation via centered interventions and network engagement. This will usefully resource in mitigating the negative influences of overdependence on virtual gadgets on each non-public welfare and societal dynamics.
Towards the humane slaughter of decapod crustaceans: identifying the most effective indicators of insensibility following electrical stunning
Authors: Neil Douglas M. , Putyora Endre , Albalat Amaya
Published: April 2024

Decapod crustaceans provide a valuable food source worldwide, both through wild capture and captive rearing. They are also used extensively in scientific research, both as subjects for the investigation of basic biological processes and as model organisms for the detection of environmental changes. There is now an increasing acceptance that decapod crustaceans are sentient, and legislation is being introduced in numerous countries to ensure crustacean welfare when they are harvested or held captive. Moreover, methods for the humane slaughter of these animals are being developed, and of these electrical stunning is a prime candidate. Optimisation of electrical stunning is underway for a range of commercially-exploited or scientifically-important species, and the present study contributes to that process by examining further crab (Carcinus maenas) and lobster (Homarus gammarus) species using a rigorous neurophysiological approach. By recording nerve activity in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, we have found that electrical stunning with a standard commercial instrument arrests nerve activity in both these species at all levels: sensory, motor and central, rendering the animals neurologically insensible. This methodology is the most direct and effective way to establish if insensibility is successfully achieved. However, ultimately the routine monitoring of effective stunning in commercial and laboratory settings will have to depend on simple, yet reliable physiological or behavioural indicators, following their calibration against neurological methods. Monitoring heartbeat is used widely to establish metabolic activity, locomotory performance, agonistic interactions and responses to environmental conditions. We have therefore assessed the potential to use cardiac activity as an indicator for the state of sensibility. We recorded the heartbeat in both C. maenas and H. gammarus before and after electrical stunning, but find that in many cases even though nerve activity has ceased both centrally and peripherally, cardiac activity actually continues (though at a reduced rate) for a substantial time (>1h). The heartbeat is therefore not a reliable indicator of the state of sensibility, making it an unsuitable indicator of effective stunning. Possible reasons for these findings, and ways to validate behavioural measures that may be more appropriate for routinely establishing effective electrical stunning, are discussed.
Molecular mechanisms of tigecycline-resistance among Enterobacterales
Authors: Korczak Lukasz , Majewski Piotr , Iwaniuk Dominika , Sacha Pawel , Matulewicz Mariola , Wieczorek Piotr , Majewska Paulina , Wieczorek Anna , Radziwon Piotr , Tryniszewska Elzbieta
Published: April 2024

The global emergence of antimicrobial resistance to multiple antibiotics has recently become a significant concern. Gram-negative bacteria, known for their ability to acquire mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, represent one of the most hazardous microorganisms. This phenomenon poses a serious threat to public health. Notably, the significance of tigecycline, a member of the antibiotic group glycylcyclines and derivative of tetracyclines has increased. Tigecycline is one of the last-resort antimicrobial drugs used to treat complicated infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria or even pan-drug-resistant (PDR) bacteria. The primary mechanisms of tigecycline resistance include efflux pumps’ overexpression, tet genes and outer membrane porins. Efflux pumps are crucial in conferring multi-drug resistance by expelling antibiotics (such as tigecycline by direct expelling) and decreasing their concentration to sub-toxic levels. This review discusses the problem of tigecycline resistance, and provides important information for understanding the existing molecular mechanisms of tigecycline resistance in Enterobacterales. The emergence and spread of pathogens resistant to last-resort therapeutic options stands as a major global healthcare concern, especially when microorganisms are already resistant to carbapenems and/or colistin.
Five-year outcomes of double kissing mini-culotte stenting vs. mini-culotte stenting using drug-eluting stents for the treatment of true coronary bifurcation lesions
Authors: Tu Sheng , Zhang Linlin , Tian Qingqing , Hu Fudong , Wang Ying , Chen Lianglong
Published: April 2024

Objective

This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of double kissing mini-culotte (DKMC) stenting with those of mini-culotte (MC) stenting in treating patients with true coronary bifurcation lesions (CBLs) in the clinical real world.

Methods

This retrospective observational cohort study included 180 consecutive patients with true CBLs (Medina type 1,1,1; 1,0,1; 0,1,1). All eligible patients underwent coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention with two-stent techniques in our hospital; among them, 97 received DKMC treatment and 83 MC treatment. The primary clinical endpoints were the major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), which included cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and target vessel/lesion revascularization (TVR/TLR). The secondary endpoints were stent thrombosis, in-stent restenosis, and individual components of MACE.

Results

Quantitative coronary angiography analysis (at 5 years) revealed that late lumen loss (0.25 ± 0.41 mm vs. 0.14 ± 0.32 mm, P = 0.032) and segmental diameter restenosis of the side branch (27.84 ± 12.34% vs. 19.23 ± 9.76%, P = 0.016) were lower in the DKMC treatment group than that in the MC treatment group. Notably, compared to that in the MC treatment group, the cumulative event rate of MACE at 5 years (22.8% vs. 8.3%, P = 0.007) and TVR/TLR (17.7% vs. 6.3%, P = 0.018) was higher in the DKMC treatment group, driven mainly by TVR/TLR. Especially, the DKMC group was related to a significant reduction in the primary and secondary endpoints in high-risk patients.

Conclusion

DKMC treatment was associated with less late lumen loss and restenosis in the side branch and a lower rate of cumulative MACE and TVR/TLR. DKMC treatment is more effective for treating true CBLs than MC treatment; however, these findings warrant further confirmation through a randomized clinical trial.
Insights into fluid migration during the 2021 La Palma eruption using seismic noise interferometry
Authors: Carvalho Joana , Silveira Graça , Mendes Virgílio B. , Schimmel Martin , Antón Resurrección
Published: April 2024

Ambient noise correlation analyses are largely used to monitor temporal medium changes generally associated with stress field variations and/or fluid movement. Here, we analyze the 2021 eruption of La Palma, the most active island in the Canary archipelago, to study its effects on the structure in a post-eruptive stage. To date, most of the studies, whether in volcanic environments or other geological systems, focus on determining seismic velocity changes that can be associated with precursory signals. In our study, we are interested in localizing the medium changes that permit constraining the depth of the most affected structure and suggesting possible mechanisms capable of inducing such alterations. The auto- and cross-correlation functions were computed using the phase cross-correlation strategy. The correlations were linearly stacked using a 3-day sliding window. The combination of these two approaches proved to render the best results. The analysis of 3 years of data resulted in the detection of occasional decorrelation before the eruption, followed by a well-defined decoherence period after the eruption. In addition, the relationship between the waveform correlation and lag time, using autocorrelations from before and after the eruption, permits identifying phase shifts and waveform distortion, which are sensitive to different parameters and, thus, have great importance in inferring the possible mechanism. Phase shifts occur when there is only velocity change without changing the structure, whereas waveform distortion is caused by a structural (geological) change. We also inferred the depths at which the most significant medium alterations occur. We observed that the decorrelation occurs at lag times corresponding to changes localized in depth. The surface structure appears to not have undergone significant medium changes for depths until approximately 8 km, either before or after the eruption.