bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Thermotropic Main-Chain Liquid Crystalline Polysiloxanes Containing 1,4-butylene bi-p-hydroxybenzoate Mesogens
Authors: Du Shuan Li , Gao Jian Feng , Sun Zhong Zhan , Wang Jing Yu
Published: September 2011

1,4-butylene bi-p-hydroxybenzoate (BBHB) was synthesized using methyl p-hydroxyl- benzoate and 1,4-butanediol under catalyst and stabilizer conditions; Then, the thermotropic main- chain liquid crystalline polysiloxanes (MCLCPs) with flexible spacer, were synthesized using BBHB and dimethyldiethoxysilane reagents by melting polycondensation. The chemical structures and properties were characterized by FT-IR, polarized optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) respectively. It was found that MCLCPs was the type of smectic A liquid crystal, and the liquid crystal temperature ranged from 58°C to 143°C, i.e. its variationrange reached 85°C. In addition, the polysiloxane was used as the flexible main-chain and the flexible chains CH2 was embedded into the rigid structural blocks of liquid crystalline polymers, which not only decreased the melting point below the thermal decomposition temperature, but also made the clearing point and a stable liquid crystal state observed.
Design and Construction of Porous Structures in PVDF Membranes in Phase Separation Processes
Authors: Huan Guo Lan , Liu Jian Li , Du Qi Yun , Hu Xiao Yu
Published: September 2011

In this article, the morphologies of membranes formed by three different systems, i.e. favorable diluent/unfavorable diluent/PVDF system, water-soluble solvent/ unfavorable diluent/PVDF system, and favorable diluent/unfavorable diluent/water-soluble polymer/PVDF system, were characterized, and the relationship between porous membrane morphology and the components of favorable diluent/unfavorable diluent and water-soluble solvent/unfavorable diluent in the system was investigated. The transformation from mesopores to bicontinuous porous structures, from finger-shaped pores to bicontinuous porous structures was realized, and meanwhile PVDF microporous membranes with microfiber-shaped porous structures were manufactured.
Study on the Thermal Behaviors and the Morphology in PVP/ PA66 Blends
Authors: Hao Chao Wei , Ma Qing Fang , Wang Zheng , Jiang Jian Xiong , Lai Guo Qiao
Published: September 2011

In this paper, PA 66 were solution blended with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)(PVP), an amorphous polar polyamide. The thermal behaviors and morphology in the blends of polyamides (PA66)) and PVP were investigated by WAXD, DSC, FT-IR and POM methods. The equilibrium melting temperatures for PA 66 in the blends were estimated based on the linear and non-linear Hoffman-Weeks (LHW and NLHW) extrapolative methods. The interaction mode between PVP and PA66 was investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy.
Fabrication and Magnetic Properties of Fe3O4 Nanobranches via a Simple Solvothermal Method
Authors: Zi Z. F. , Liu Y. N. , Liu Q.C. , Dai Jian Ming , Sun Yu Ping
Published: September 2011

Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanobranches were synthesized using an improved solvothermal technique in mixed ethanol and water solvent. Structural and magnetic properties were systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction results showed that the sample was single-phase spinel structure. The results of scanning electronic microscopy exhibited that the grains were regular like-branch with sizes from 3 to 6 μm in length and in diameter between 50 and 200 nm. The composition determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy was very close to the stoichiometry of Fe3O4. The saturation magnetizations (Ms) at 10 and 300 K of the synthesized Fe3O4nanobranches were much lower than the theoretical values. On one hand, it could be explained by obstructive magnetizing along their non-easy magnetic axes by the shape anisotropy of Fe3O4nanobranches, on the other hand, lesserMscan also be understood by the existence of antisite defects.
Influence of Ar/O2 Ratio on the Prpoperties of Transparent Conducting ZnO:Zr Films Deposited by DC Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Zhang Hua Fu , Wang Xin Feng
Published: September 2011

Transparent conducting ZnO:Zr thin films were deposited on glass substrates by DC reactive magnetron sputtering in Ar+O2ambience with different Ar/O2 ratios. The structural, electrical and optical properties of ZnO:Zr films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, four-point probe measurements and UV–vis spectrophotometers. When Ar/O2ratio increases from 20:1 to 25:1, the resistivity significantly decreases because of the improvement of the crystallinity. However, with further increase in Ar/O2ratio, the crystallinity begins to deteriorate resulting in an increase in the resistivity. The films deposited at the optimum Ar/O2ratio of 25:1 have the minimum resistivity of 1.4×10-3Ω•cm and a high transmittance of above 92%.
Health Assessment Based on Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation for Civil Aircrafts
Authors: Jia Bao Hui , Sun Ze Dong
Published: September 2011

Health assessment is one of the key technologies for civil aircraft health management system. In order to access the health status of components, subsystems and systems of civil aircrafts, this paper explicitly defines the health status, and presents the fuzzy synthetic evaluation algorithm. Then the model of the evaluated object is established to get the health status of quantitative level. Finally, the method is used for health assessment of aircraft hydraulic pump .The results of simulation show the practicability of this method.
Electrochemically Synthesis and Characterization of Copolymers Based on 1, 4-Diethoxybenzene and 3, 4-Ethylenedioxythiophene
Authors: Ouyang Mi , Yu Zhen Wei , Xu Yi , Zhang Yu Jian , Zhang Cheng
Published: September 2011

Copolymers based on 1, 4-diethoxybenzene (DEB) and 3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) were electrochemically synthesized and characterized. The structures of the copolymers were established by 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. The results indicated the final product was a copolymer instead of a blend or a composite. The physical properties were systematically investigated by cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis absorption and fluorescence. The PL maximum of copolymers presented obviously red-shift to long wavelength as the feed ratio of EDOT in monomer mixture increased.
Effect of Phosphating Additives on Corrosion Resistance of Phosphate Coatings on AZ91D Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Lin Bi Lan , Xu Yu Ye , Li En Cai
Published: September 2011

AZ91D magnesium alloys were immersed in different phosphating solutions with zinc nitrate and sodium fluoride additives to enhance the corrosion resistance. The devolution law of the Open Circuit Potential (OCP) of AZ91D alloys during phosphating was measured. The corrosion behaviors of AZ91D alloys in 3.5%NaCl solution were investigated using OCP and Tafel polarization methods, and the effect of phosphating additives was discussed. The results show that the changes of the OCP of AZ91D alloys with phosphating time in different phosphating solutions are different; the anodic and cathodic corrosion processes of AZ91D alloys are conspicuously inhibited with phosphate coatings; zinc nitrate and sodium fluoride are benefit to form phosphate coatings with better corrosion resistance. The corrosion potential of AZ91D alloy phosphated in solutions with both zinc nitrate and sodium fluoride is most positive.
Fabrication and Characterization of Cellulose Acetate Ultrafine Fiber Containing Silver Nanoparticles by Electrospinning
Authors: Zhao Dong Mei , Feng Qing Mao , Lv Li Li , Li Jian
Published: September 2011

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs)/cellulose acetate (CA) composite ultrafine fibers were successfully prepared by the electrospinning method. Water-soluble Ag NPs were directly mixed into CA polymer fibers to form organic–inorganic composite ultrafine fibers. The optical property of Ag NPs was measured by ultraviolet-visble spectrometer (UV-vis). The presence and identification of crystalline of Ag NPs were confirmed by XRD analysis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with an average diameter of 5–15 nm were obtained and were well distributed in the CA ultrafine fibers. The morphologies of the as-prepared electrospun Ag NPs/CA composite ultrafine fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and TEM. The composition of fibers was characterized by FTIR spectrometer.
Learning the Distribution Characteristics of Critical Machines in Production Scheduling Problems
Authors: Zhang Rui
Published: September 2011

A critical machine identification algorithm is proposed for the job shop scheduling problem in which the total tardiness must be minimized. An optimization-based procedure is devised to learn the distribution characteristics of critical machines in a specific scheduling instance. The proposed simulated annealing algorithm optimizes the scheduling problem after the capacity constraints for each machine are modified. A genetic algorithm based on combined dispatching rules is designed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
The Evaluation of Storage Lifetime of Vulcanized Nature Rubber Dried by Microwave Using Thermogravimetric Point Slope Method
Authors: Zhang Fu Quan , Wang Yong Zhou , Chen Mei , Liao Jian He , Huang Mao Fang
Published: September 2011

The storage lifetime of nature rubber vulcanizes dried by microwave and hot-air was investigated by using thermogravimetric point slope (TPS) method. The results showed that the storage lifetime at ambient temperature of nature rubber vulcanizes dried by microwave was 9 years which was 1.2 years longer than hot-air. Microwave drying nature rubber vulcanizes showed a better thermal-oxidation ageing resistance and a longer storage lifetime. It provided theoretical guide and basis for practical application.
Morphologies and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resin/Polymethyl Methacrylate Interpenetrating Network Modified with Kaolin
Authors: Hou Gui Xiang , Chen Xiao Ai , Sang Xiao Ming
Published: September 2011

Epoxy resin/polymethyl methacrylate(EP/PMMA,70/30) interpenetrating network composites containing various contents of dimethyl sulfoxide modified kaoline (EP/PMMA /K-DMSO) composites were prepared by a sequential polymeric technique and an in situ intercalation method. FTIR results showed that the epoxy ring opening reaction occurs, the formation of IPN structure of PMMA and EP has been created. The structure of composite material was characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The result indicated that higher impact strength and lower tensile strength with increasing concentration of K-DMSO.
The Research for Electro-Hydraulic Servo Control System Based on Fuzzy PID
Authors: Jin Bao Quan , Wang Yan Kun , Tian Fan
Published: September 2011

Electric-hydraulic servo system is a nonlinear and uncertain system with time-varying parameters and interference. The fuzzy PID control algorithm is used,which not only keep the flexible characteristic of fuzzy control algorithm but also inherit the traditional PID control algorithm advantages of high control precision. Research shows that fuzzy PID control has the character of fast response speed, rising fast, small lag, small overshoot, anti-interference, do not depend on the accurate model.
Analytical Solution on the Relation of Technique Parameters for Continuous Casting with Heated Mould
Authors: Ni Feng , Wei Shi Zhong , Long Rui
Published: September 2011

The technique of continuous casting with heated mould is a kind of near-net-shape processing technology, which combines unidirectional solidification with continuous casting and has been used widely for new material development and processing. A steady-state heat-transfer model was suggested for pure metal case. Some of modeling parameters, such as equivalent specific conductance and equivalent heat-transfer coefficient, etc, had been defined. The analytic solution of temperature profile along the axis of casting rod was obtained for solid-liquid interface to be as origin of position coordinate, by which the relations had been solved among mould temperature, casting speed, solid-liquid interface position, equivalent specific conductance between mould and metal, equivalent heat-transfer coefficient of cooling of cast rod, temperature gradient and cooling rate of melt in front of solid-liquid interface. As an example, the coordinate relations of solid-liquid interface position, mould temperature and casting speed were calculated and compared with experimental results in the case of pure copper. The calculation results conformed very well to the experimental ones. And it was indicated that the cooling rate of melt in front of solid-liquid interface had a nonlinear relation with casting speed during steady continuous casting process.
Effect of the Welding Heat Input on Residual Stresses in Butt-Weld of High-Speed Train
Authors: Zhu Zhong Yin , Chen Peng , Zhou Hong Mei , Zhu Yong Hui , Chen Yong Hong , Xu Hao , Tian Ai Qin
Published: September 2011

Abstract. This study used finite element software SYSWELD to analyze residual stresses in butt-weld between underframe and side wall of high-speed train car body. Based on the thermal-elastic-plastic theory, double ellipsoid heat source model is adopted to simulate the residual stresses under different heat input in the welded joints between underframe and side wall. The residual stresses at the surface of weld specimen were measured experimentally by using the hole-drilling method. The results of the ﬁnite element analysis were compared with experimentally measured data to evaluate the accuracy of the ﬁnite element modeling. Based on this study, a modelling procedure with reasonable accuracy was developed. The developed ﬁnite element modelling was used to study the effects of welding heat input on magnitude and distribution of welding residual stresses in butt-weld of high-speed train car body made of A6N01-T5. The results show the maximum residual stress exists in the welded seam and the adjacent-weld zone, and the residual stress value decreases gradually while the zone is farther from the weld center .Besides, With the increase of the welding heat input, the residual stress value increases gradually.
Multi-Physics Simulation of Amorphous Silicon Thin-Film Deposition in Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Reactors
Authors: Lu Li Xin , Li Gui Qin , Jin Guo Jun , Sun Yi
Published: September 2011

Two-dimensional simulation in Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) is conducted by using multi-physics analysis method. Simulation results show the growth process of amorphous silicon thin film in the PECVD reactor. The effect of process parameters (such as power supply power, electrode spacing, etc.) on the deposition rate and electric field strength is obtained, and the optimum conditions needed for growth of amorphous silicon thin film is achieved as well. It was experimentally proved that the simulation results are consistent with the experimental results, and provide a theoretical basis for adjusting and optimizing the film preparation process.
Characterization the Relationship between Rheology Behavior and Moleculer Weight of Natural Rubber with Different Protein Content
Authors: Gao Tian Ming , Xie Rui Hong , Li Pu Wang , Huang Mao Fang
Published: September 2011

Test of the rheology behavior for low protein natural rubber(LPNR) were carried out with rubber processing analyzer(RPA), and molecular weight were carried out with gel permeation chromatography(GPC). The results showed that molecular of LPNR is lower than natural rubber(NR), The complex viscosity(n*) of NR is higher than LPNR. The stress relaxation indicate that time of LPNR is faster than NR, it illuminate that LPNR has lower molecular weight than NR, and processing performance have distinct discrepancy between NR and LPNR. The torque(S’) with strain rising indicated that one linear viscoelastic region and one nonlinear viscoelastic region in whole range, and LPNR has lower S’ than NR.
Mechanical Behaviours of Pumpkin Peel under Compression Test
Authors: Shirmohammadi Maryam , Yarlagadda Prasad K.D.V. , Gudimetla P. , Kosse V.
Published: September 2011

Abstract Mechanical damages such as bruising, collision and impact during food processing stages diminish quality and quantity of productions as well as efficiency of operations. Studying mechanical characteristics of food materials will help to enhance current industrial practices. Mechanical properties of fruits and vegetables describe how these materials behave under loading in real industrial operations. Optimizing and designing more efficient equipments require accurate and precise information of tissue behaviours. FE modelling of food industrial processes is an effective method of studying interrelation of variables during mechanical operation. In this study, empirical investigation has been done on mechanical properties of pumpkin peel. The test was a part of FE modelling and simulation of mechanical peeling stage of tough skinned vegetables. The compression test has been conducted on Jap variety of pumpkin. Additionally, stress strain curve, bio-yield and toughness of pumpkin skin have been calculated. The required energy for reaching bio-yield point was 493.75, 507.71 and 451.71 N.mm for 1.25, 10 and 20 mm/min loading speed respectively. Average value of force in bio-yield point for pumpkin peel was 310 N.
Comparison of the Effects of Bias Voltage and Transverse Magnetic Field on the Macro-Particles Distribution on the Surface of TiN Films Prepared by Arc Ion Plating
Authors: Lang Wen Chang
Published: September 2011

The object of this article is to make research on the influence of transverse magnetic field and pulse bias on macro-particles on the surface of film, find the systematic law and analyze the influence law and reasons of the two parameters (transverse magnetic field and pulse bias), according to the mechanism of arc spot movement and the interaction between macro-particles and plasma. Moreover, this article aims at seeking the most important influence parameter and comparing the effect of the two parameters. Research in this paper indicates that: the key factor is the magnetic field controlled arc spot movement, because the influence of magnetic field on reducing macro-particles is much larger than bias, and the influence degree of bias on macro-particles varies with the magnetic field intensity; action of bias is obvious under the condition of low magnetic field intensity, but as the magnetic field intensity increases, its action becomes weaker and weaker; besides, purification effect of bias on particles in larger size is better than on particles in smaller size.
Preparation and Characterization of Mesporous ZrO2 Particles
Authors: Zhou Yuan Yuan , Li Song
Published: September 2011

Mesporous ZrO2 materials with the average diameter of about 20nm were synthesized by the method of chemical precipitation using cheap inorganic salt of zirconium as feed and ammonium hydrogen carbonate as precipitant. Firstly,we have prepared the zirconium salt precipitation precursor, then distilled the azeotrope and calcinated, finally obtained the ZrO2 powder. X-beam diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, electron microscope and particle-size analyzer were used to characterize the composition, morphology, the aperture distribution, the grain size and phase structure of synthesized products.Most importantly, we have obtained the optimal preparation of mesporous ZrO2.
A Calculation Method of m Based on Processing Map
Authors: Yuan Qing Hua , Lei Kun , Shao Zong Ke , Huang Zhong Guo , Zhou Yu
Published: September 2011

High temperature tensile properties of Ti-4Al-6V material were obtained through high temperature tensile test, and processing maps of the material were drawn by Matlab, then strain rate sensitivity exponent m was calculated. The value of m obtained through constant strain rate stretching method was compared to the former. The results showed that processing map could not only predict the good workability region and flow instability region but also calculate the value of m accurately.
Study on Self-Reinforcement of High-Density Polyethylene Extruded with Vibration in Low Temperature
Authors: Qin Xue Mei , Shi Bao Shan , Li Bing
Published: September 2011

The effect of vibration on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) sheets, obtained through vibration plasticating extruder in low temperature, were studied systematically. Property Tests show that the tensile strength and the Vika temperature were much improved under the reciprocating axial vibration in low temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry , scanning electron microcopy and wide angle X-ray diffraction were executed to analyze the microstructure of the samples. The results indicate that the vibration extrudate in low temperature has higher crystallinity, perfect crystallite, and new crystal morphology formed , which account for enhancement of the mechanical properties and Vika temperature of sheets, compared to conventional static extrudate.
Novel Functional Coating: Luminescent Coating
Authors: Liu Li Ping , Yan Xue Feng , Zhang Zhi Ming , Yu Liang Min
Published: September 2011

The luminescent coating as one of the special functional coatings of the 21st century has attracted a great deal of attention recently. Luminescent coating is divided into three categories: fluorescent coating, self-luminous coating, energy storage luminescent coating. The article briefly summarizes their principles and luminous characteristics. And mainly reviews the present research situation, the future development tendency and their widely applications both at home and abroad.
Characteristics of Electrode Displacement and Force in Resistance Spot Welding
Authors: Ji Chun Tao , Deng Li Peng
Published: September 2011

The behaviors of electrode displacement and force during spot welding were studied. Tests were conducted on a 170KVA MFDC spot welder. Data were collected via a multi-channel high speed data acquisition system, and were analyzed with MATLAB. Behaviors of 5182 aluminium and mild steel in spot welding were compared. Results showed that nugget expansion rate did not reach zero for aluminium as it did for mild steel as nugget grew to a certain size. An electrode force peak was observed and was believed relevant to sufficient nugget size.
Structure and Optical Properties of Mg0.5Zn0.5O Films
Authors: Liu Quan Sheng , Zhang Xi Yan , Wang Xiao Chun , Bai Zhao Hui , Wang Neng Li , Mi Xiao Yun , Lu Li Ping , Yuan Dong Fang
Published: September 2011

Mg0.5Zn0.5O films were prepared on quartz glass substrates by sol-gel method. Structure and optical properties of Mg0.5Zn0.5O film were studied.Results indicated that Mg0.5Zn0.5O film deposited on quartz glass is composed of two structures of ZnO hexagonal and MgO cubic. SEM image revealed that the film was homogenous and the average grain size of crystal was 40nm.Absorption spectrum indicated the absorption edge of hexagonal and cubic structures located in 332nm and 271nm respectively.The absorption edge of cubic structure locates in the solar blind region.The luminescence spectrum of sample is composed of three peaks at 383.7nm(3.23eV)，442.9nm(2.80eV) and 533.9nm(2.32eV) respectively.The peak of excitation spectrum is at 379nm(3.28eV).
Technology on Fabrication of Precise SiC Aspherical Mirror
Authors: Zhang Zhong Yu
Published: September 2011

This paper represents a technique to produce the large size optical aspherical mirror by using reaction-bonded silicon carbide to meet the material requirements of the space used mirrors, based on the characters comparison of all types mirror material. Techniques are described in this paper, including the bonding procedure of silicon carbide to form a mirror shape, the CCOM technology for aspheric grinding, polishing on a home-developed tool –FSGJ-2, and the aspheric profilometry. A specialized Offner Null lens is also developed to measure the aspherical mirror with laser interferometer. With the technology depicted in the paper, a 502mm x 298 mm off-axis SiC aspherical mirror is successfully made with a surface accuracy better than 1/50λrms, the final result meets the design requirement.
Mechanical Damping Properties of Silicone Rubber Prepared by Nano-SiO2 and AGE-Modified Polysiloxane Blends
Authors: Cai Yuan Jing , Zhang Chao Can , Wu Li Li , Hu Run Hua
Published: September 2011

The synthesis of AGE modified polysiloxane was realized by block copolymerization. Using degradation method and different ratio of raw materials, different content of AGE side chains and molecular weight of AGE modified polysiloxanes had been obtained. AGE modified silicone rubber was prepared by Nano-SiO2and AGE-Modified Polysiloxane Blends. The relationship between the molecular weight of AGE modified polysiloxane, the content of AGE modified side chains and the mechanical properties of AGE modified silicone rubber had been studied. The results showed that AGE modified silicone rubber had better mechanical damping properties than silicone rubber without modification of AGE: lower Tg (-56°C), higher tanδ (0.26), the maximum tensile/rear strengths with appropriate dynamic viscosity (17500mP•s) and the characterization of decreasing tensile/tear strengths with the increasing content of the AGE modified side chains.
Numerical Simulation of Ti-6Ai-4V Channel Part in Hot Forming Process
Authors: Li Jian , Zhang Jun , Deng Xue Liang
Published: September 2011

Abstract. Base on establishing the model of channel part deep drawing , the eat / DYNAFORM finite element analysis software is used to simulate and analysis the hot forming process of Ti-6Ai-4V channel part, the technological parameters which influenced the basic forming characteristics of the channel are researched. The result shows that: as with the punch and die clearance increases, the growth trend of the maximum effective stress value decreases, the thinning ratio has an increasing trend, the effect of clearance value on the material thickening ratio is small; as the fraction coefficient increases, the maximum effective stress increases in the whole forming stage, and along with the forming depths increase, friction can only influence the thinning ratio of material to a certain extent, the maximum thickening ratio decreases as the friction coefficient increases and decreases more quickly with the forming depths increase; the effect of different blank holder force on the maximum effective stress is not obvious in the forming process, under the role of first decrease and then increase type blank holder force curve, the maximum thinning ratio increases rapidly, exert the type of decreasing and the first increase then decrease blank holder force curve, the thickening ratio of the slab is small after forming, it can inhibit wrinkle and obtain better forming quality.
Analysis of the Effect of Sand Size and Vibration Time on Surface Roughness in Lost Foam Casting of LM6 Alloy by Design of Experiments
Authors: Izman S. , Shayganpour A , Idris Mohd Hasbullah
Published: September 2011

Abstract. In the present research, an experimental investigation in lost foam casting of an aluminum-silicon cast alloy, LM6, was conducted. The main objective of the study was to investigate the effect of different sand size and vibration time on the surface roughness of thin-wall castings. A stepped pattern with a 3 mm section in the thinnest step was used for the investigation. A full 2-level factorial design experimental technique was used to identify the significant factors which affect the surface roughness of casting. The results were evaluated by means of variance analysis. It is founded that surface roughness deteriorates with higher sand grain size and vice versa. In contrast, vibration time was found has no significant effect to the quality of casting surface.
A Development of Lancing Engineering Method for Lamp-CAN Stamping Process by Using Forming Analysis
Authors: Jung Dong Won , Kim Dong Hong , Kim Bong Chun , Ko Dae Lim , Nguyen Duc Toan
Published: September 2011

The products manufactured by the Sheet metal process are widely used in automobile and aircraft industries due to their high strength and superior surface characteristics. In this study, to improve the formability of the lamp-can, forming process was conducted using the Lancing engineering method. Lancing process is a press operation in which the work-piece is sheared and cut with one strike of the die to be a single-line cut or split, without removing any metal. Finite element method (FEM) was used to predict and investigate the improvement of formability of a lam-can with lancing process. As a result, it is believed that the Lancing process used in lamp-can forming would be helpful in the development of high-quality forming products because it can make material flow run well.
Thickness Distribution and Forming Strategy Analysis for Two Point Incremental Forming with a Male Die
Authors: Liu Zhao Bing , Meehan Paul , Bellette Paul
Published: September 2011

Incremental Sheet Forming (ISF) is a promising sheet-metal-forming technology which is drawing more and more researchers’ attention due to its flexibility of manufacturing three-dimensional products at a relatively low cost for rapid prototyping and small-batch production. This paper is focused on the thickness distribution and the forming strategy analysis for two point incremental forming with a male die. The analyzed benchmark is half a torus which is generated by revolving a semi-circle. Such a part is hardly able to be formed by single point incremental forming because its slope varies from 0 degree to 90 degrees. In terms of the varying slope, the variant of sine’s law is derived to give an approximate prediction of the thickness distribution from an analytical perspective. In addition, a multi-stage forming strategy is proposed in order to form the part successfully. In particular, a keying operation is implemented carefully in order to avoid twist phenomenon and achieve good dimensional accuracy.
The Properties Research of Hafnium Plate for Control Rod
Authors: Huang Hong Wen , Mi Xiang Miao , Zhou Shan
Published: September 2011

Metallic hafnium has good comprehensive performance that makes it the preferred material for control rods of nuclear reactors. The elemental composition, mechanical properties, the corrosion resistance and the physical characteristics of hafnium plate are researched during the development of control rod for reactors. It proved the manufacturing method of hafnium plate is appropriate, characteristic of materials meet the requirement of a control rod.
Design of Plastic Injection Mold for the Crisper Cover
Authors: Yu Dong Ling , Wang Xing Guo , Wu Nan Xing
Published: September 2011

A parting surface, gate form and location were confirmed by analyzing the structure and technological characteristics of a crisper cover, respectively. The insertion and splice mold structure were adopted, and a multiple point gate three-plate injection mold was designed. The mould structure and operation process were introduced. This designd had reference value for the injection mold design of other product.
Speed Detection of Rig Lifting System
Authors: Qiu Ya Ling , Li Shi Bin , Luo Hui , Yu Ping , Liu Sheng Xian
Published: September 2011

Currently, speed detection of travelling block system is carried out mainly by detection roller speed, which results in a larger error. Against this background, a method to test crown block pulley was put forward, and its rotation speed precision and also its reliability were analyzed. The method is effective in improving detection accuracy and avoiding errors arising from skidding on the basis of applying the principle that rotation speed ratio of different fixed blocks is a constant value, thus judging the occurring of slipping by examining rotation speed for different fixed pulley. This method provides a guarantee for accurately controlling travelling blocks operational speed and height.
Tandem Gas Metal Arc Welding for Low Distortion Butt Welds
Authors: Larkin Nathan , Pan Zeng Xi , van Duin Stephen , Callaghan Mark , Li Hui Jun , Norrish John
Published: September 2011

The feasibility of using Tandem Gas Metal Arc Welding (T-GMAW) to produce full penetration butt welds in 5mm ship panel steel plates has been assessed and compared to the current Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) process. Experiments conducted show that the T-GMAW process is feasible and demonstrated a significant improvement over the SAW process in several areas including higher travel speed, a reduction in filler material, significantly lower post weld distortion, and a smaller Heat Affected Zone (HAZ), while maintaining similar microstructure and mechanical properties in the weld metal and HAZ.
Effect of Heat Input on HAZ Properties and Microstructure of SMA490BW Corrosion Resistance Steel
Authors: Nie Yuan , Wang Li Jun , Ma Chuan Ping , Zhu Yong Hui , Li Da , Chen Hui , Zhang Zhi Yi , Wu Xiang Yang
Published: September 2011

Welding thermal cycle of SMA490BW corrosion resistance steel with different heat inputs were simulated by using Gleeble-3500 thermo-mechanical simulator to investigate the microstructure and impact toughness of the heat-affected zone (HAZ). The results shows that the microstructure of the coarse-grain heat affected zone(CGHAZ) is mainly composed of lath bainites and the surpass critical coarse-grain heat affected zone(SCCGHAZ) consists mainly of granular bainites with a small content of ferrites. The grain size increased with the heat input increasing, Besides, the impact energy of the surpass critical coarse-grain heat affected zone(SCCGHAZ) is higher than that of the coarse-grain heat affected zone(CGHAZ), when the heat input energy is 15kJ/cm after twice thermal cycle, the impact energy is highest.
Study on the Grade-Controlled Filling of Vacuum Counter-Pressure Casting Thin Wall Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Yu Huan , Wang Jia Hui , Xiong Bo Wen , Yan Qing Song , Xu Zhi Feng , Liu Guo Feng
Published: September 2011

The grade-controlled filling behavior of vacuum counter-pressure casting thin wall aluminum alloy was studied by numerical simulation and experimental investigation. According to the analysis of filling behavior under fixed pressure and the casting structure, the technology of the grade-controlled filling of vacuum counter-pressure casting thin wall aluminum alloy was suggested. The result shows that the filling velocity was controlled on grade, resulting in the smoothly and sequential filling behavior, and the decreasing of defects in castings.
A Study and Analysis on Electromagnetic Compression Forming Processed Aluminum Alloy Tubes
Authors: Rajiv Selvam , Shanmuga Sundaram Karibeeran , Pasquale Pablo
Published: September 2011

Electromagnetic forming is one of the high- rate forming methods that are extensively used to form and join axisymmetric tubes and metal sheet. It is a high speed forming process using a pulsed magnetic field to form work pieces made of metals such as copper or aluminum alloys with high electrical conductivity. In this work, the experimental investigation and mathematical analysis of electromagnetic compression forming of aluminum alloy tubes AA6063 is studied. The aim of the work was to verify the results from MATLAB code with the experimental data. Experiments were conducted on aluminum alloy AA6063 tubes of outer diameter 40 mm and wall thickness of 2 mm with a nominal tensile strength of 214 MPa. The tube was compressed using 4 turn helical actuator discharge coil that can be energized up to 20 kJ. A study on the post forming characteristics hardness and on metallurgical effects were also carried out. The results of the mathematical analysis using MATLAB 2010 showed good correlation with experimental results.
Effect of Electromagnetic Field on the As-Cast Structure of HMn084 Brass
Authors: Zhang Hai Tao , Li Bao Mian , Cui Jian Zhong
Published: September 2011

The effect of electromagnetic field on the solidification structure of HMn084 brass (Cu-20%Zn-7.5%Mn-5.5%Al-1.5%Si-1%Fe-0.5%Pb in mass%) had been investigated in this paper. The results show that the as-cast structure of HMn084 brass is composed of matrix β-phase, small amount of α-phase and silicide (Mn, Fe)5Si3. Applying electromagnetic field during the solidification of HMn084 brass can refine grain and silicide phase, promote the uniform distribution of silicide phase. The morphology of silicide phase changes from coarse acicular and massive shape to fine acicular and massive shape. The above-mentioned effects become more obvious with the increasing in current intensity.
Effects of Two-Step DC Electrochemical Pretreatment of Fine Grinding WC-Co Tool Surface on Morphology and Quality of Diamond Coatings
Authors: Zhang Xiang Hui , Wang Ling , Long Jian Ping
Published: September 2011

In the present investigation, diamond coating was deposited on fine grinding cemented carbide substrate by direct current arc discharge chemical vapor deposition. The effect of electrolytic etching time in the two-step electrochemical pretreatment process (firstly using electrolytic etching, and then using acid etching) on morphology and quality of the diamond coating were systemically studied. The surface morphology feature and quality of diamond coatings were characterized by means of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), laser Raman spectrometer respectively. The results showed that the electrolytic etching duration has distinctly effect on the quality and crystal features such as morphology, crystal type and grain size of diamond coating. It showed that as electrolytic current is direct current 3A, electrolytic etching time altering from 0.5 min to 7.5min, the surface morphology of diamond films gradually transition from microcrystalline cubic-octahedron to cauliflower type nanocluster, and further increase the electrolytic etching time, will lead to several negative effects on the quality and nucleation of the coatings which is not only retard the diamond nucleation, but also promote the formation of graphite.
Buckling Analysis of Stitched and Unstitched Glass Epoxy Composites
Authors: Muruganandhan R. , Vela Murali
Published: September 2011

In this paper, the effects of delamination on critical buckling load failure of unidirectional E-glass/epoxy composite laminated plate consisting of delamination at the middle of the mid plane were studied. Experimental work was carried out to determine the buckling load for rectangular composite plates consisting of delamination for various aspect ratios ranging from 0.5 to 3. Stitched and unstitched laminates were prepared by introducing inplane delamination at the mid of the mid plane using Teflon film. These specimens were made with unidirectional fiber of orientation of (0o/-45o/45o/90o)s with single inplane delamination at the mid of the mid plane of through width and various lengths of 130 mm and 50 mm. The Plates were made to buckle experimentally by simply supporting the top and bottom edges, and sides were kept free. Buckling load has been found from the graph. The critical buckling load is found to be increased in the stitched laminates when compared with unstitched laminates and is decreased in both stitched and unstitched laminates as the aspect ratio increases. The experimental results were validated by using commercial finite element software of ANSYS.
Study on Bending Mechanical Mechanism of ARB Specimen Based on Randomness
Authors: Zhang Guo Zhi , Fu Jun Jing
Published: September 2011

The bending mechanical mechanism of ARB(accumulative roll bonding) specimen was studied. Based on macro-micro plastic theory, theoretical model of the limiting bending load of ARB specimen was established every cycle. Through comparing with the experiment of the reference, this model was verified. Moreover, based on reliability analysis method, considering the randomness of the grains and the dislocation, theoretical model of standard deviation of limiting bending load of ARB specimen was established. Furthermore, the critical curve theoretical model of plastic zone of ARB specimen was established every cycle. Based on this model, the plastic zone of ARB specimen every cycle was discussed. The study in the paper provides analysis method and theory foundation for bending mechanical mechanism of ARB specimen.
Failure Analysis of U71Mn Rail Welded Joints
Authors: Ma Chuan Ping , Nie Yuan , Wang Li Jun , Zhu Yong Hui , Liu Yan , Chen Hui
Published: September 2011

The fracture of U71Mn rail welded butt joints on flash welding was analyzed by using visual observation, metallographic microscope, SEM and EDS from macro to micro.The results show that, the transverse fracture is rail oval flaw and the fracture mechanism of the rail is fatigue-crack propagation. The fatigue cracking is caused by silicate-non-metallic inclusions which are residues in the welded joints after flash welding.
Perforated Functionally Graded Plate with Arbitrarily Radial Variation of Young’s Modulus under Pure Shear
Authors: Li Hao , Liu Yi Hua
Published: September 2011

In this work, the static response of a perforated functionally graded plate is investigated under pure shear. Young’s modulus is assumed to vary arbitrarily along the radial direction, while Poisson’s ratio keeps constant. Using the stress function method, the governing equation is obtained, and then the series solution of stresses is derived with the aid of the Frobenius method. Numerical examples show that the convergence rate of the presented solution is rapid.
Effect of Emission Points on Ultrasonic Testing Accuracy of Log Internal Decay
Authors: Wang Na , Wang Li Hai , Xu Hua Dong
Published: September 2011

The principle of geometric analysis was adopted in this paper to calculate the ultrasonic testing accuracy of log samples containing different sizes of internal decay. The relationship between the number of ultrasonic emission points and the detection accuracy of log internal decay was analyzed. And the number of emission points that can effectively test the internal decay defect was determined. Results show that when the defect area of the log is fixed, the testing accuracy can be improved as the ultrasonic emission points increase. When the diameter of the log is 30cm, and the ratio of deficiency in the cross-section of the log is between 2.7% to 44%, at least 4 emission points should be selected for the testing accuracy to reach 90%.
Unsymmetrical Cycle Fatigue Analysis of Titanium Alloy Blades under Multi-Level Loading
Authors: Zhang Jun Hong , Lin Jie Wei , Yang Shuo , Lv Feng
Published: September 2011

This paper presents a modified nonlinear continuum damage model (CDM) applying to analyze compressor blades fatigue developed by Chaboche. The proposed model has been formulated to take into account the effect of different load levels and loading sequence. From a multiaxial fatigue point of view, the mean stress effect has been considered in order to extend the proposed model to multiaxial fatigue conditions. The unsymmetrical cycle fatigue test of TC4 alloy has been carried out to verify the model proposed in this paper and the results show a good agreement to predict fatigue life and damage. Finally, the fatigue life of a compressor blade is predicted using the proposed model under multi-level loading.
Modeling and Simulating Long-Stroke Valve-Controlled Asymmetrical Cylinder Based on MATLAB/Simulink
Authors: Li Yong Feng , Xiao Zhi Quan
Published: September 2011

Abstract. Based on the redefined flow rate and flow pressure, the forward and backward state equations of long-stroke valve-controlled asymmetrical cylinder system are set up, in which the general mistakes in building up the flow rate equation are avoided. Then the simulation model in MATLAB/Simulink is established. Adopting the conditional-executive subsystem blocks, joint simulation with different models at two directions is realized by taking into account the continuity problems in positioning reversal. The subsystem of introduced equivalent volume function helps to show the effects of piston working position to valve-controlled cylinder system. Furthermore, with this simulation model, dynamic performance analysis of long-stroke valve-controlled asymmetrical cylinder system including some nonlinear factors becomes convenient.
Design and Performance of the Transverse Rotating Magnetic Field Steered Arc Source Used in Vacuum Arc Deposition
Authors: Lang Wen Chang
Published: September 2011

In this design, the concept of static magnetic field was given up and the idea of controlling the arc discharge by transverse rotating magnetic field (TRMF) was put forward. Based on the principle of RMF generation, the specific scheme and the cohesiveness integral structure design of the TRMF steered arc source were constructed. In the specific design, a bipolar symmetric RMF (N-S) parallel to the cathode surface and homogenously covered the whole cathode was generated by stationary three-phase windings carrying three-phase alternating currents without any visible physical rotation. Through changing the frequency and the amplitude of the exciting current (these two parameters can be adjusted independently), the speed of rotation and the magnetic intensity could be regulated continuously. Experiments about TRMF steered arc source used in vacuum arc deposition (VAD) showed that: the arc voltage increased with not only an increase in the intensity of magnetic field connected with the supplied current but also an increase in the frequency of magnetic field. TRMF could reduce MPs content to a great extent and get a smooth film surface. A high utilization of the target was achieved due to the homogenous arc discharge covered the entire cathode surface. We believe this design is a new-type arc source and it will bring inspiration and great interest in the VAD domain.
Infrared Changes in the Progressive Failure and Stress Distribution of Bolted Rocks
Authors: Zhang Yong Jun , An Li Qian , Ma Nian Jie
Published: September 2011

In this paper, the thermal infrared radiation (TIR) induced by the interaction between bolt and rock and the mechanism of thermo-mechanical coupling are investigated. The experiment study shows that the TIR radiation caused by stress concentration, strong friction and interaction area between rock and bolt, is much stronger than that caused by stress relaxation and week friction. The bolted ranges with the single bolt and two bolts are determined from the change ratios of TIR temperature of the different areas of the bolted rocks. The bolting effects could be detected by means of thermal infrared imaging detection. The infrared thermal image anomaly appeared bolted rock failure, which reflected the spatial and temporal features of infrared precursor respectively. The infrared thermal image precursor was classified as high-temperature strip and low-temperature strip.
Compare on the Main Physical and Mechanical Properties of Two Bamboo Particle Boards
Authors: Han Jian , Zou Yue
Published: September 2011

The main physical and mechanical properties of the ordinary and bamboo mat enhancing bamboo particle board (for short EBPB) were detected and analysed through the Resistance Strain Monitor and wood mechnical test machine. The results proved that the tensile and bend deformation of two kinds of bamboo partical board(for short BPB) increased nonlinearly with the load increasing. The greatest tensile and bend load increased respectively 66% and 56%, and in the tensile and bend deformations, decreased respectively 21% and 20% EBPB than the ordimary bamboo particle board(for short OBPB). The main physical and mechnical properties of the EBPB exceeded markedly OBPB, which showed the bamboo mat could increased evidently the physical and mechnical properties of BPB.