bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Main metabolic and toxic polyneuropathies in clinical practice
Authors: Pizova N. V.
Published: December 2021

Polyneuropathies are diseases of the peripheral nervous system with lesions of motor, sensory or autonomic fibers which are encountered by attending physicians of almost all specialties in outpatient and clinical settings. To date, more than 100 different causes of polyneuropathies have been identified. Metabolic and toxic polyneuropathies are the most common in the group of secondary polyneuropathies. Diabetic, alcoholic, uremic, and drug-induced polyneuropathies take the leading place among these diseases. The main forms of diabetic polyneuropathy are presented. The main clinical form is distal symmetrical polyneuropathy. Clinical symptoms depend on the type of fibers involved in the pathological process - thin or thick. There is an assessment scale in points to determine the severity of diabetic polyneuropathy, which helps in clarifying the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. The next most frequent among metabolic polyneuropathies is uremic polyneuropathy as the most frequent complication in patients suffering from chronic renal insufficiency. Risk factors of uremic polyneuropathy development, clinical picture, the course of the disease are described. Within the framework of toxic polyneuropathies, the main place is given to alcoholic polyneuropathies, chemotherapy-induced, and drug-induced. For each of these categories, clinical forms and pathophysiology of development are described. For all polyneuropathies, the main diagnostic aspects are presented. The main therapeutic approaches are shown. A separate place is given to the use of alpha-lipoic acid.
Intra-articular glucocorticoid injection site: best practice guidelines
Authors: Chichasova N. V. , Lila A. M.
Published: December 2021

The article presents modern recommendations for the use of systemic administration of glucocorticoids. It is indicated that there is a clear tendency to minimize the doses and timing of the appointment of systemic glucocorticoids in rheumatoid arthritis, and in seronegative spondyloarthropathies (ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis), in accordance with both foreign and domestic recommendations, systemic therapy with glucocorticoids is not carried out. It is emphasized that at the present stage, the role of local administration of glucocorticoids will increase as an effective way to reduce the activity of arthritis in any nosologically form. The mechanisms of action of locally administered glucocorticoids leading to anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects are described. The comparative characteristics of locally administered glucocorticoids with different duration of action according to their effectiveness and safety are presented. Predictors of the effectiveness of local therapy with glucocorticoids are described. The data on the evaluation of the duration of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of various local glucocorticoids, including in comparison with the intra-articular administration of hyaluronic acid preparations, which showed the advantages of betamethasone over triamcinolone acetate, are presented. The differences in the crystal structure of betamethasone and triamcinolone acetate are described. It is indicated that the 2.5-fold smaller size of betamethasone crystals compared to triamcinolone acetate crystals and the absence of betamethasone crystals makes it possible to use betamethasone in the treatment of inflammatory processes in periarticular tissues, as well as in crystalline arthritis (gout, pseudogout). The data on the safety of the use of intra-articular injection of glucocorticoids are presented. It is indicated that the registration in the Russian Federation of a new form of betamethasone in pre-filled syringes makes it even more possible to avoid infectious complications of this type of therapy. Rare cases of complications of local therapy with glucocorticoids are described.
Effects of dipyridamole and its use in neurology
Authors: Pizova N. V.
Published: December 2021

Dipyridamole has been on the pharmaceutical market since 1959 and, as a pyrimidyl-pyrimidine compound, has a variety of mechanisms of action. The very first action of dipyridamole was its antianginal effect. In subsequent years, attention was drawn to the antiplatelet properties of dipyridamole, which are related to inhibition of platelet phosphodiesterase as well as to blocking adenosine transport. Another important property of dipyridamole is its effect on the deformability of red blood cells, thereby improving microcirculation. Dipyridamole affects changes in the dynamics of platelet activity and vascular reactivity and causes improvement of cerebral perfusion. Due to its pronounced antiplatelet properties, the drug has been widely studied for the prevention of ischemic strokes and transient ischemic attacks, both as monotherapy and in combination with other drugs. Unlike other platelet antiaggregants, dipyridamole does not have a damaging effect on mucous membranes. Its antiplatelet effect is not accompanied with inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity and reduction of prostacyclin synthesis. In the treatment of cerebral circulation disorders, dipyridamole can be used to control the antithrombotic effect by selecting the optimal dose of the drug. Dipyridamole has antioxidant properties, enhances NO-mediated pathways, has indirect anti-inflammatory effects via adenosine and prostaglandin-2 as well as direct anti-inflammatory effects and several other effects. Dipyridamole is considered a safe drug based on decades of clinical experience. Its side effects are usually limited and transient. Given the diverse effects of dipyridamole, it can be used for a wide range of pathologies other than thrombosis prevention. Data on the efficacy and safety of dipyridamole in various diseases of the neurological spectrum are presented.
Treatment of non-demented vascular cognitive disorders
Authors: Novikova M. S. , Zakharov V. V.
Published: December 2021

Currently, cognitive impairment is a determining factor in the decline in adaptation in the elderly. Damage to the cerebral vessels is one of the most common causes of the development of cognitive deficits. Patients with severe cognitive impairments are not easily treatable, require outside help, and have significant limitations in daily activities. In most cases, this stage is preceded by a period of mild cognitive impairment. As a rule, mild cognitive impairments often remain undiagnosed, since they do not cause restrictions in daily activities for a long time and are detected only thanks to highly specific neuropsychological tests. But it is precisely the timely diagnosis and treatment of cognitive impairment without dementia, that make it possible to achieve longterm remission of the disease, to delay the onset of pronounced cognitive deficit. Among the correction methods, non-drug methods and pharmacological therapy are distinguished. Of no small importance is the impact on vascular risk factors such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, smoking, alcohol abuse, etc. Nutrition planning, dosed exercise and cognitive training are the most common non-pharmacological strategies for correcting cognitive impairment. Pharmacological treatment includes anticholinesterase and neurometabolic drugs, as well as drugs aimed at correcting risk factors. A growing number of researchers agree that complex therapy, including lifestyle modification and the use of pharmacotherapy, is preferable. The article discusses the most commonly used methods of treating non-demented cognitive impairments, presents the results of large randomized clinical trials devoted to this problem, presents our own experience of both exclusively non-drug effects on patients and the use of complex treatment using a neurometabolic drug.
Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for management of pain syndrome
Authors: Shavlovskaya O. A. , Bokova I. A. , Shavlovskiy N. I.
Published: December 2021

Chronic pain continues to remain one of the urgent problems of modern medicine. From 15 to 25% of the adult population suffers from chronic pain. Medical treatment includes the appointment of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and muscle relaxants. The greatestform for the appointment of NSAIDs is the topical form. According to the recommendations of International and National societies for the treatment of pain syndrome, osteoarthritis (OA) therapy are recommended to start with topical NSAIDs, as drugs with less systemic adverse side effects (NSAIDs).Topical NSAIDs have proven analgesic and antiinflammatory efficacy in the treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system, musculoskeletal pain, but have a low risk of developing systemic NSAIDs in comparison with oral forms, which expands the possibilities of their appointment in patients with comorbid pathology (diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular risks).Among NSAIDs, diclofenac is the "gold standard" of analgesia. After topical application, diclofenac penetrates through the skin and further into the deeper underlying tissues while maintaining sufficient concentration to provide a therapeutic effect. The topical form of diclofenac – diclofenac diethylamine 2%, when used correctly, can cause an analgesic effect comparable to the oral form. This topical form has a high clinical efficacy in the treatment of acute musculoskeletal pain (sprains), the course of therapy takes 1 week, for chronic pain syndromes (knee OA or hand) the course of therapy is from 2 to less than 6 weeks. The clinical efficacy of diclofenac diethylamine monotherapy is comparable to that for complex therapy in combination with oral forms of NSAIDs, while having good tolerability.
Application of combined vane pumps-electric motors with rim transmission of the torque to the impeller
Authors: Tashbulatov R. R. , Atroscshenko N. A. , Lisovskiy N. A.
Published: November 2021

The article provides а retrospective analysis of the emergence of prerequisites for the creation of designs of universal pumping units: from the first patents registered in the 1940s to modern technical solutions used at industrial facilities. The possibility of industrial application in the oil industry of fundamentally new types of vane pumps with а combined design of the impeller and rotor or the electric motor, which received а recent impetus to their spread with the development of electric motor technologies, is considered. The fundamental difference between these types or pump is the transmission of the torque to the impeller not through the shaft. but through the rim or the wheel, which is also the rotor of the eclectic motor. The absence or а shaft provides а number of advantages, in particular, it leads to an increase in suction capacity, an increase in pressure characteristics and an increase in operational properties – all this together increases the scope or industrial application of new types or pumps. One of the potential applications of а compact pump of the horizontal type can be the rocking to а frozen oil pipeline by tapping the coil at special points of the pipeline route. From the point of view to transporting high-velocity oil, the design of this type also looks promising; in addition, the possibly of influencing the transported medium by an electromagnetic field is noted. The possibility or using removable impellers of various types for а hollow pump-electric motor is considered, which can significantly increase the scope or application of new types of pumps.
Experimental research on the dynamic characteristics of underwater shock wave pressure sensor
Authors: Xu Chundong , Wang Liangquan
Published: December 2021

With respect to the calibration of dynamic pressure measurement system under specific underwater explosion application environment, this paper has proposed an experimental calculation method for the dynamic characteristics of underwater shock water pressure sensor based on a preloaded water shock tube. This was done by analyzing the dynamic calibration principles of the preloaded water shock tube and studying the dynamic influencing factors pertaining to the sensor. Moreover, a dynamic calibration experiment for the sensor was also designed based on a comparative calibration method, through which a calculation method for the dynamic characteristics of underwater shock wave pressure sensor was acquired. The experimental results have proven that applying preloaded water shock tube can effectively acquire the dynamic characteristics of the pressure sensor, thereby providing a research framework for the dynamic calibration of underwater explosion shock wave pressure sensor.
Tobacco stalks core-derived activated carbon with high capacitance by ZnCl2 for supercapacitors
Authors: Ma Zhuwen , Jiang Bixia , Yuan Qinghua , Cao Lin , Liu Lan , Tian Junling , Huang Zhenrui , Zong Zhaohui , Lin Zhidan , Zhang Peng , Wang Jun
Published: December 2021

It is well known improper disposal of tobacco stalks as waste can cause great pollution to farmland and the environment. In this paper, tobacco-stalk-core-based activated carbon was successfully synthesized by pre-carbonization and ZnCl2 activation. The influences of different activator ratios on the microstructure and the electrochemical performance of the activated carbon were systematically investigated. The results showed that while the ratio of the activator to the precursor of carbon was 2:1, the specific capacitance was high to 342.0 F·g-1 at 1 A·g-1 current density. To sum up, an as-prepared carbon material with high capacitance could be obtained by tobacco stalks core. ZnCl2 is an effective activator for the reuse of tobacco stalk, and it provides a new way of technology for synthesizing tobacco waste recycling resources.
Vibration response analysis of healthy and cracked gears through different signal processing techniques
Authors: Goel Vinit , Kumar Naveen
Published: December 2021

Vibration response of gears is an important indicator for gear mesh analysis as its value has been found to changing drastically with increase in number of cracks in gears. In the current study, the effect on vibration response for healthy gear and cracked gear has been investigated. High frequency amplitude modulated signal is taken as input and provides an output which is envelope of the original signal. ANSYS 20 software, MSC ADAMS along with MATLAB have been used to model the gears with multiple cracks induced. Structural analysis has been performed through Mechanical APDL. The vibration response values have been found to vary significantly with increase in number of cracks.
Equilibrium in Generalized Stackelberg Game with Arbitrary Memory and Planning Horizon of Players
Authors:   Institute of Control Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences, Fedyanin Denis ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: December 2021

The paper investigates game-theoretical properties of a model of production dynamics on markets with wrong expectations of most producers about the existence of a market. It might be a market of electrocars, green energy space flights, paper books, theaters, oil energy, etc. The foundation of a game-theoretical model is a special method for the generating of an epistemic model from observations. The method is based on a generalization of a classic model from the theory of mind and an idea of an observation model is very similar to the model of moving average.We focused on periodic solutions and introduced a control model for them. The control problem in the model is an optimization problem for parameters of induced parametric equilibrium in the game. The influence of the initial conditions on the overall dynamics was modeled for some examples.
Implementation of Subgame-Perfect Cooperative Agreement in an Extensive-Form Game
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Kuzyutin Denis ,   St. Petersburg School of Mathematics, Physics and Computer Science, Skorodumova Yulia ,   St. Petersburg State University, Smirnova Nadezhda ,   St. Petersburg School of Mathematics, Physics and Computer Science
Published: December 2021

A novel approach to sustainable cooperation called subgameperfect core (S-P Core) was introduced by P. Chander and M. Wooders in 2020 for n-person extensive-form games with terminal payoffs. This solution concept incorporates both subgame perfection and cooperation incentives and implies certain distribution of the total players' payoff at the terminal node of the cooperative history. We use in the paper an extension of the S-P Core to the class of extensive games with payoffs defined at all nodes of the game tree that is based on designing an appropriate payoff distribution procedure β and its implementation when a game unfolds along the cooperative history. The difference is that in accordance with this so-called β-subgameperfect core the players can redistribute total current payoff at each node in the cooperative path. Moreover, a payoff distribution procedure from the β-S-P Core satisfies a number of good properties such as subgame efficiency, non-negativity and strict balance condition. In the paper, we examine different properties of the β-S-P Core, introduce several refinements of this cooperative solution and provide examples of its implementation in extensive-form games. Finally, we consider an application of the β-S-P Core to the symmetric discrete-time alternating-move model of fishery management.
Computation Problems for Envy Stable Solutions of Allocation Problems with Public Resources
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Naumova Natalia I.
Published: December 2021

We consider generalizations of TU games with restricted cooperation in partition function form and propose their interpretation as allocation problems with several public resources. Either all resources are goods or all resources are bads. Each resource is distributed between points of its set and permissible coalitions are subsets of the union of these sets. Each permissible coalition estimates each allocation of resources by its gain/loss function, that depends only on the restriction of the allocation on that coalition. A solution concept of "fair" allocation (envy stable solution) was proposed by the author in (Naumova, 2019). This solution is a simplification of the generalized kernel of cooperative games and it generalizes the equal sacrifice solution for claim problems. An allocation belongs to this solution if there do not exist special objections at this allocation between permissible coalitions. For several classes of such problems we describe methods for computation selectors of envy stable solutions.
O mercado do comércio justo
Authors: Carvalho Antonio Daniel Alves
Published: December 2021

O texto articula o pensamento social sobre a categoria mercado e aplica o que é denominado aqui de conceito sociológico de mercado ao modelo de mercado do comércio justo. O comércio justo é um modelo alternativo ao mercado convencional e traz inúmeros elementos para o questionamento do atual modelo de mercado internacional. Assim, o objetivo do artigo é analisar o mercado como um conceito sociológico e interpretar o modelo de mercado do comércio justo de acordo com as concepções balizadas pelo aporte teórico de Weber, Polanyi e Granovetter, autores que contribuíram com a sociologia econômica trazendo ao debate o mercado como um espaço de ação social. Metodologicamente utiliza-se a pesquisa exploratória através de uma revisão bibliográfca. Aqui é considerado omercado como fruto das relações sociais e é evidenciado que o mercado do comércio justo faz uso das relações entre os atores sociais para questionar o modelo de mercado internacional convencional, apresentando outro modelo de comercialização que considera questões sociais além das econômicas.
Biomedicina, gestão do tratamento e desencantos: experiências de mulheres soropositivas no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Nelvo Romário Vieira
Published: December 2021

Com o avanço das tecnologias biomédicas para o tratamento do HIV/Aids, a qualidade de vida tornou-se uma possibilidade vital para a pessoa portadora, contrariando o cenário da década de 1980, quando o diagnóstico era como uma sentença de morte. Por outro lado, tornar-se soropositivo requer mudanças numa série de hábitos cotidianos, os quais medicar-se diariamente é parte desse processo. Neste artigo, analiso os efeitos colaterais, sociais e subjetivos decorrentes da medicalização e gestão do tratamento em trajetórias sociais. Interessa aqui, o entrelaçamento entre histórias de vida e a materialidade e concretude das drogas farmacológicas. Para tanto, lanço mão da análise antropológica da trajetória de três mulheres e mães jovens soropositivas, oriundas das camadas populares da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A partir de infraestruturas concretas de como as pessoas gestam o tratamento na tessitura de seus cotidianos, têm sido possível compreender ambiguidades e limites da biomedicina como cultura global, uma vez que os medicamentos para elas acarretam processos de significação da experiência, momentos de inflexão e sentimentos de prisão. Assim, suas experiências materializam os efeitos reais das tecnologias sobre efetuações de desencantos terapêuticos na gestão do tratamento de HIV/Aids, além de abrir margem para pensar a respeito dos medicamentos para além da chave analítica da liberdade e do encanto numa Cosmovisão ocidental.
Relatos sobre suicídio e vozes: um estudo etnográfico
Authors: Monnerat Sílvia
Published: December 2021

Fruto de trabalho etnográfico realizado entre 2008 e 2014 em dois serviços de atenção à saúde mental (um público e outro particular), localizados no estado do Rio de Janeiro, este artigo analisa diferentes fontes, orais e escritas, como: prontuários, entrevistas em profundidade, conversas informais e anotações em caderno de campo provenientes da observação participante, e estabelece uma discussão sobre suicídio e sobre a experiência de ouvir vozes. Partindo de relatos de pacientes, familiares e técnicos dos dois serviços, o estudo aponta para a dimensão social inscrita em vivências relacionadas ao sofrimento psíquico.
DISCRIMINAÇÃO VIVENCIADA POR PESSOAS QUE VIVEM COM HIV/AIDS NOS SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE: UM ESTUDO QUALITATIVO
Authors: Takeda Lelis Ricardo , Barreto Soares Gabriella , Ísper Garbin Artênio José , Adas Saliba Garbin Cléa
Published: December 2021

Introdução: Já se passaram mais de três décadas desde a descoberta da AIDS, e as pessoas que vivem com HIV ainda são estigmatizadas não só pela sociedade, como também nos serviços assistenciais de saúde. Objetivo: Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar as situações discriminatórias na assistência a saúde de pessoas com HIV/AIDS. Materiais e Métodos: Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, após o consentimento livre e esclarecido, com 19 pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS assistidas por ONGs/AIDS de quatro municípios brasileiros, e que afirmaram previamente já terem sofrido algum tipo de discriminação por profissionais de saúde. As entrevistas foram gravadas e posteriormente transcritas e analisadas utilizando-se a análise de conteúdo. Resultados: As atitudes discriminatórias ocorreram por meio do atendimento diferenciado, recusa de tratamento ou pela utilização de medidas extras de biossegurança, tendo ocorrido inclusive em instituições de ensino superior na área da saúde. Conclusões: É necessária a adoção de estratégias para combater a ocorrência de tais atos objetivando-se a humanização na assistência a saúde de pessoas com HIV/AIDS e a melhoria na qualidade de vida desses pacientes.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MORTALITY IN HEPATITIS C PATIENTS
Authors: Sousa Gilmar Amorim de , Pessoa Ranna Santos , Souza Filho Marlon César Melo , Oliveira Daniel Fernandes Mello , Medeiros Luana Lopes , Souza Dyeo Leandro Bezerra , Costa Iris do Céu Clara
Published: December 2021

Hepatitis C is the major cause for progressive liver disease, and afflicts approximately 158 million individuals globally1,2. It is estimated that between 2007 and 2009, the costs of treating chronic hepatitis C patients in Brazil have been over 90 million dollars, with antiviral drugs being responsible for 88% of total costs3.Transmission occurs mainly by contact with contaminated blood and hemoderivatives, with the use of intravenous drugs being the most common risk factor. Many patients acquire the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) with no exposition to blood. Sexual transmission, considered an improbable route, can be related to sexual practices with mucous trauma and with individuals infected with HIV4. Therefore, the most elevated rates of hepatitis C are among individuals that use injectable drugs (45% of new cases), patients with liver failure undergoing hemodialisis (prevalence varies between 6 and 38%), and hemophiliacs (antiHCV rates of 44%)5.There still are no safe predictions on the evolution of a specific patient infected with HCV, once the differences in the evolution course of each patient depend not only on viral factors, but also depend on aspects related to the host and environment6,. However, it is known that hepatitis C evolves to the chronic form in 80% of acutely infected patients7, leading to cirrhosis, digestive hemorrhage, liver failure, liver cancer and death - representing the major cause of liver transplants along with alcoholism8.The factors associated with hepatitis C mortality are very important for the understanding of the natural history of this infection, as well as for the prediction of which patients will present more unfavorable prognosis and which will reach more severe stages of the disease. Therefore, the current study has the objective of establishing knowledge on the factors associated with death in hepatitis C patients, to guide the monitoring of the patient by the assisting physician.
AVALIAÇÃO DA SATISFAÇÃO DO USUÁRIO COM O ACOLHIMENTO NA ESTRATÉGIA DA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA NO RECIFE (PE)
Authors: Lucena Ligiana Nascimento , Melo Ricardo Henrique Vieira , Rodrigues Maísa Paulino , Andrade Fábia Barbosa de , Vilar Rosana Lúcia Alves , Bosco Filho João
Published: December 2021

Introdução: o acolhimento na Atenção Básica de Saúde requer atitudes que garantam uma escuta qualificada e o estabelecimento de vínculos com vistas à resolubilidade dos problemas de saúde dos usuários. Objetivo: este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a satisfação dos usuários acerca do acolhimento na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) em Recife, Pernambuco. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo e seccional. Os sujeitos foram 297 usuários da ESF nos seis distritos sanitários do município. A coleta dos dados ocorreu através de entrevistas individuais e aplicação de uma escala de satisfação do usuário, intitulada SATIS-BR, já validada. A análise do material se deu com o auxilio do software SPSS 17.0. Resultados: Os achados apontaram  que a maioria dos usuários está satisfeita com o acolhimento ofertado pelos profissionais de saúde. Nessa direção, 66% afirmaram ser escutados pelas equipes da ESF; 80,2% obtiveram ajuda quando procuraram    o acolhimento; 64,6% disseram que a acolhida foi amigável ou muito amigável. Contudo, demonstraram insatisfação com a infraestrutura das Unidades de Saúde, apontando sugestões de melhorias. Conclusão: a pesquisa demonstrou que ocorreram melhorias a partir da implantação do Projeto ‘Recife em Defesa da Vida’, facilitando o acesso às ações de saúde, catalisada por um acolhimento promotor de escuta qualificada e de vínculos solidários.
OBJETO E ESPAÇO: ANÁLISE DA PROPOSTA DE OSCAR NIEMEYER PARA O TEATRO MUNICIPAL DE UBERLÂNDIA
Authors: Carvalho Letícia Maria Gonçalves , Borda Luis Eduardo Santos
Published: December 2021

O presente trabalho é a tentativa de analisar as relações objeto/espaço presentes no projeto de Oscar Niemeyer para o Teatro Municipal de Uberlândia. A ideia é questionar se, mais próximo ao debate contemporâneo, Niemeyer trata o entorno enquanto lugar; ou seja, se busca requalificar os arredores do teatro; ou se, mais próximo ao raciocínio moderno, trata os arredores como espaço abstrato. Para proceder a esta análise a investigação recorre à leitura da Carta de Atenas, a textos críticos sobre o debate contemporâneo (Rivas Sanz, Lamas, etc) e a abordagens sobre a obra de Oscar Niemeyer. A metodologia da pesquisa consiste em entender, primeiramente, as diferenças de abordagem em relação ao lugar: de um lado a perspectiva modernista de renovação total do espaço urbano, de outro lado o pensamento contextualista contemporâneo. Entendida a diferença entre tais abordagens, procede-se à análise da proposta de Niemeyer. A conclusão é a de que a orientação urbanística que determina a proposta para o Teatro Municipal de Uberlândia é eminentemente modernista: Niemeyer pensa apenas em questões funcionais do edifício e na relação viária com a cidade, deixando de lado preocupações (contemporâneas) com a vitalidade urbana e com a requalificação do entorno imediato ao edifício.
COESÃO SOCIAL E EFICÁCIA COLETIVA: REFLEXÕES SOBRE LOTEAMENTO FECHADO
Authors: Barros Alice de Almeida , Cordeiro de Lima Suzann Flávia
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo tece algumas considerações sobre a convivência entre indivíduos moradores de loteamentos fechados que são empreendimentos residenciais horizontais delimitados por muros. Esta forma de moradia além gerar no espaço urbano diversos impactos negativos, como a fragmentação do tecido urbano e a segregação socioespacial, proporciona um convívio entre moradores, com diferentes níveis de coesão social, se materializando ou não em eficácia coletiva. O objetivo principal é realizar uma reflexão analisando os conceitos de coesão social, eficácia coletiva e o que de fato é um loteamento fechado de acordo com a legislação vigente. Para tanto, é necessário uma revisão teórica e documental, a primeira com o estudo de autores que pesquisaram e produziram conteúdo sobre o tema e a segunda se dá através da consulta a documentos e legislação sobre o tema. É possível concluir que a decisão de morar em loteamentos fechados, por parte da população, já demonstra a existência de coesão social, confiança e valores comuns levando a uma integração no convívio entre moradores, mas é preciso um análise aprofundada para ver como se materializa em eficácia coletiva, no alcance de objetivos comuns que beneficiem o coletivo.
A HABITAÇÃO DE INTERESSE SOCIAL COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE PRESERVAÇÃO DA MEMÓRIA
Authors: Medina Luciano Lacerda , De Lima Andreyna Cordeiro , De Albuquerque Thulya Gonçalves , De Oliveira Rodrigo Cândido
Published: December 2021

Este é um projeto de Arquitetura que apresentamos no Prêmio Armando Holanda, organizado pelo Conselho de Arquitetura e Urbanismo – seção Pernambuco – neste final de 2018. Em se tratando de um projeto, constitui-se mais por uma ideia que eventualmente nos aproveitamos de uma situação concreta – neste caso aplicada ao bairro do Pilar em Salvador, na Bahia – para ilustrar e apresentar algumas de nossas reflexões. Reflexões estas aplicadas em outros contextos e concursos, inclusive. Todavia, nunca antes as evidenciamos pelos aspectos propagados por Armando Holanda para uma Arquitetura situada no Nordeste do Brasil. Daí que não podemos esconder certa surpresa pelo reconhecimento do júri por uma proposta que também se fundamentou na questão do Patrimônio Arquitetônico e pela memória dos lugares. A nossa proposição só pode ser entendida como ideia, como estratégia, ao invés de uma solução definitiva para um caso específico. Uma estratégia de preservação e de uso das ruínas dos velhos sobrados do Pilar como verdadeiras 'mascaras de sombreamento', proteção e resguardo de uma nova escala espacial dentro da cidade tradicional. Os terrenos escolhidos para a nossa proposta integram o que a Prefeitura de Salvador já denominou como Projeto de Requalificação Urbana do Pilar, próxima ao Porto de Salvador. O Pilar constitui uma área remanescente da morfologia urbana original da cidade de Salvador. Antigos sobrados, implantados em lotes estreitos e alongados, justapostos uns aos outros, conformando uma solução estrutural solidária, que ocupam os morros dessa área definindo estreitas ruas e vielas ao longo das suas curvas de nível. O texto constitui o Memorial Explicativo da proposta.
OS IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE DEMANDAS DE PROJETO EM APARTAMENTO PARA USUÁRIOS IDOSOS POR MEIO DE MODELOS FÍSICOS
Authors: Rodrigues Rodrigo , Imai César
Published: December 2021

O crescimento da população idosa no Brasil desperta a necessidade do avanço em estudos sobre o meio espacial, principalmente, a habitação. Com o intenso processo de verticalização nas cidades brasileiras, entende-se que é importante aferir a produção contemporânea de apartamentos e extrair dela elementos que possam alimentar projetos futuros. Portanto, este artigo tem como objetivo verificar a viabilidade do uso de modelos tridimensionais físicos como protótipos de simulação de ambientes habitacionais para identificar os principais requisitos em relação às novas necessidades, desses usuários. O protótipo utilizado foi desenvolvido a partir do uso de cortadoras a laser e impressora 3D, e possui uma escala maior do que a comumente utilizada em representações e certa flexibilidade, que permite fazer alterações de projeto de forma rápida junto ao usuário em um processo participativo. Para auxiliar na coleta de informações foi elaborado um protocolo de procedimentos de aplicação da simulação, com uma entrevista que buscou informações sobre a opinião dos usuários durante o processo e um questionário ao final do mesmo. Os dados coletados permitiram identificar que levar o usuário a simular algo que nunca imaginou, traz-lhe a possibilidade de refletir e avaliar questões, ampliando os seus conhecimentos e permitindo refletir sobre aspectos que poderiam acarretar problemas no uso do apartamento. A identificação de semelhanças do modelo com ambientes reais incentivou a interação do usuário com o protótipo, permitindo, assim, extrair algumas informações mais detalhadas que outras ferramentas usadas de forma isolada, como as entrevistas e questionários, por exemplo, não são capazes de captar.
(IN) COESÃO SOCIAL
Authors: Barros Alice de Almeida , LIMA Suzann Flavia Cordeiro de , PEDROSA JÚNIOR José Luiz Cavalcanti
Published: December 2021

Este artigo é resultado da pesquisa elaborada durante o doutorado e trata sobre relações de vizinhança existentes no interior de empreendimentos residenciais delimitados por muros, implantados na cidade de Arapiraca, segunda maior cidade do estado de Alagoas, associando dois conceitos desenvolvidos no estudo: coesão social e loteamento de acesso controlado (LAC). O primeiro trata de uma integração existente entre pessoas baseada em afinidades e expectativas compartilhadas e o segundo se refere ao modelo de loteamento que nasce conforme lei de parcelamento do solo nº6.766/1979, mas que sofre transformações em sua configuração sendo reconhecido na lei 13.465/2017. O texto é dividido em três partes, uma delas explica o conceito de LAC, com base em referencial teórico e legislação vigente, e como foi modificado ao longo dos anos chegando ao modelo consolidado no Brasil. A segunda parte aborda o capital social de acordo com estudiosos do tema e a maneira como se materializa a coesão social, formulando uma definição própria para o trabalho. Por fim, a terceira parte expõe os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados para explorar o tema e aproximar teoria e campo, cruzando informações colhidas na teoria com as vivências durante as visitas de campo nos LACs existentes em Arapiraca. Os LACs arapiraquenses são espaços nos quais os moradores estão próximos fisicamente, mas distantes em contatos sociais, eventos e mobilização em prol de benefícios coletivos, aqueles de renda mais baixa possuem uma intensidade maior de coesão, mas ainda assim a maneira como os espaços são projetados não favorecem as relações de vizinhança.
CONHECENDO MODOS DE MORAR PARA PROJETAR HIS:
Authors: Bonates Mariana , Lopes Bruna , Pereira Ivanilson
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar uma experiência didática e, sobretudo, discutir as contribuições e reflexões que a investigação relativa à organização espacial e ao arranjo mobiliário nas moradias em um conjunto habitacional revelou no tocante aos modos de morar, embasando as decisões no processo projetual de um grupo de estudantes na turma da disciplina Projeto de Arquitetura III. Optou-se em realizar uma Avaliação Pós-Ocupação (APO) para investigar a distribuição espacial dos mobiliários e suas implicações na funcionalidade das unidades. Juntamente com a APO, estabeleceu-se um diálogo com alguns critérios de análise de projeto, segundo método formulado por Alexander Klein. Adotando-se ferramentas como o levantamento de dados projetuais em órgãos públicos, a aplicação de questionários com os usuários e a observação direta da ocupação do espaço com a elaboração de croquis do arranjo interno da moradia, foi possível apreender a realidade de uso e apropriação do espaço residencial. Os principais problemas de ocupação identificados foram: o excesso e a alocação inadequada dos móveis, bem como suas grandes dimensões. Constatou-se, ainda, que as apropriações nem sempre estão relacionadas com a composição familiar, pois dependem das necessidades familiares e de uma chamada consciência espacial que se relaciona ao modo como o espaço é percebido por cada indivíduo. Com isso, alguns estudantes puderam estabelecer decisões de projeto que atendessem à realidade apreendida, a partir de um olhar mais sensível aos diversos modos de morar, suficientemente complexos em função das várias formas de apropriação do espaço residencial.
Debt management literacy among credit cards users
Authors: Alwi Mohd Afifie bin Mohd , Abdullah Azwan bin , Luqman Azyanee binti
Published: November 2021

This research investigates the debt management literacy among credit card users. Based on thematic analysis through semi-structured interviews with debt management experts, particularly in credit cards, this research sheds light on the positive and negative to the causal of debt management literacy, including awareness and experiences. Meanwhile, the negative causal is ignorance and the economy. These themes depict that credit cards users are prone to develop knowledge in debt management for several causes. Taken together, the research findings highlight the importance of understanding the nature of debt management, which has received relatively little attention to date.
position of culture in English language teaching
Authors: Rashid Md. Harun , Shamem A S M , Hui Wang
Published: December 2021

This thesis investigates the overlapping relationship between the community and English-language teaching in a descriptive manner. It sets out the various points of view and interpretations of linguistic scholars on the contentious issue of incorporating Culture into ESL/EFL classrooms. Although some accept that in today's globalized world, we must open our ESL/EFL learners to other cultures as part of their ESL/EFL learning, others disagree and dispute the value of doing so. Some are more radical, seeing it as linguistic hegemony that can be avoided. Including several observational findings, the present thesis also addresses the perspectives and views of scholars on the convergence of language teaching and community.
The Relationship of Self-Efficacy with Learning Discipline of Teenagers during COVID-19 Pandemic at East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Kumalasari Indah , Hayati Yati Sri , Azizah Nurona , Hany Alfrina
Published: December 2021

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, learning activities are now conducted at various levels using online methods, giving students more freedom to organize their learning activities. For this reason, students must be disciplined to complete their learning activities. One of the factors that play an important role in student learning discipline is seIf-efficacy. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and teenagers' learning discipline during the COVlD-19 pandemic. This research design used correlational descriptive with the cross-sectional approach. The research sample amounted to 254 respondents who were taken with stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires to measure teenagers’ self-efficacy and learning discipline during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were analyzed using the Spearman rank test. The results showed that self-efficacy of teenagers was in the high category as much as 81.5%, and learning discipline during the COVID-19 pandemic was in a good category as much as 42.9%. The findings showed that the significance value was 0.000 (α = 0.05) and the correlation coefficient was 0.309. So we can conclude that there is a significant relationship between teenagers' seIf-efficacy and Learning discipline during the COVlD-19 pandemic. It is expected that nurses and teachers will counsel students and supervise learning activities to ensure that students maintain their learning discipline.
The Effect of Educational Intervention on Care Dependency and Symptom Management After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Theory-Based Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Menekli Tuğba , Yaprak Bülent
Published: December 2021

The objective of the research was to determine the effect of educational intervention based on Bandura’s Social Cognitive Learning Theory on care dependency and symptom management after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Methods. This randomized controlled trial was conducted between January 2019 and February 2020 at the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center. All the patients were randomly divided into two groups: 53 individuals in the intervention group and 53 individuals in the control group. The sociodemographic data collection form, the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale and the Care Dependency Scale were used for data collection. Data were collected from the patients one day after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and 12 weeks later.
Results. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding the mean scores of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale and the Care Dependency Scale at baseline. Twelve weeks after intervention, there were statistically significant differences between the groups regarding the mean scores of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale and the Care Dependency Scale.
Conclusions. Educational intervention along with telephone counseling based on Bandura’s theory was found to be an effective way to reduce symptom severity and care dependency in patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and is recommended for all patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Reproducibility of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Macular Thickness Measurements Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Sood Amit , Paliwal Rahul Omprakash , Mishra Rishu Yogesh
Published: December 2021

The objective of the research was to assess the reproducibility of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular thickness using spectral domain optical coherence tomography and to establish whether the same investigator can get the same or similar results when performing the scan thrice in an hour, without reference to the previous scan and the repeat function. Materials and Methods. In this prospective observational study, 200 subjects who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were scanned 3 times according to predefined guidelines at 0, 30 and 60 minutes on the same day, by the same investigator, using spectral domain optical coherence tomography for measurements of RNFL and macular thickness; observations were statistically analyzed and correlated. Results. In RNFL thickness, the temporal sector showed the worst reproducibility as compared to other sectors. RNFL was the greatest in the superior quadrant and the thinnest in the temporal quadrant. For macular thickness, the temporal sector (mid zone) showed the worst reproducibility, while in the outer zone, the inferior sector showed the worst reproducibility; macular thickness was the thinnest at the central zone (innermost 1-mm ring), the thickest within the inner 3-mm ring and diminished peripherally. Conclusions. RNFL and macular thickness measurements using spectral domain optical coherence tomography by the same observer at 0, 30 and 60 minutes were very reproducible, except for the sectors specifically mentioned. The greater the thickness of the RNFL in any sector the better was the reproducibility in that sector. For macular thickness, the temporal sector (mid zone) showed the worst reproducibility.
EVALUATING CAPACITY BUILDING OF THE LOCAL COMMUNITY TOWARDS ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION IN AN ESTUARINE COMMUNITY, KONG KONG LAUT, JOHOR
Authors: Mohd Kusin Faradiella , Md Joni Amirul Azuan , Mohamat Yusuff Ferdaus , Syed Hasan Sharifah Nur Munirah
Published: November 2021

Key community-based environmental conservation programmes in Kong Kong Laut, Johor include the river and mangrove ecosystem conservation and management programme. The overall aim of conserving the ecosystem and encouraging local community participation in the programme is to promote the existing eco-tourism potential of the area. This paper entails the outcomes of community-based activities aimed at building the capacities of local communities through community mobilisation, awareness creation and capacity building (i.e. transferred knowledge and skills). Findings indicate that there have been improvements in the river water quality status within the ecosystems over the course of a one-year project, despite relatively small participation among the local communities in the conservation programme. However, it was evident that active participation from a minority group of the local community has contributed to significant human and social capital, suggesting that community empowerment might be crucial for future development. Despite this, a school outreach programme on waste minimisation within the community demonstrated an encouraging level of participation among school children and teachers. The major challenge to maintaining continuous efforts to conserve their environment is the simultaneous developments taking place close to the river and mangrove ecosystems. While it remains a challenge to all the stakeholders, collaborative efforts among the local communities and the university, school, government agencies and private sector have made it possible to strategise for more future approaches that will benefit the whole community.
QUANTIFYING THE ORGANIC WASTE GENERATED FROM THE FRESH MARKET IN KUNDASANG TOWN, SABAH
Authors: Yaacob Nurul Nadia Fatiha , Abd Manaf Latifah , Ash'aari Zulfa Hanah
Published: November 2021

It is necessary to assess solid waste generation to identify the rate by which we generate waste. A rapid increase in solid waste generation constitutes a significant challenge for developing countries such as Malaysia. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is the primary source of solid waste generated in Malaysia and covers 64% of the total waste composition. 45% of the average composition of Malaysian MSW is dominated by organic waste (e.g. food, vegetable and fruits). This is followed by recyclable waste (e.g. plastic, paper and metal) at 30% with the remaining made up of non-recyclable waste (e.g. polystyrene). The Fresh Market in Kundasang town, Sabah is a major contributor to the increase of organic waste generated in the Ranau district. As such, it has the potential to implement effective composting practices. This study was conducted to determine the total amount of organic waste generated as well as the organic waste generation rate in the Fresh Market. The sampling was conducted among 148 sellers in the Fresh Market over a period of two weeks (5th August - 18th August 2017). Total organic waste generation was 13,147.50kg, while the organic waste generation rate was 6.35kg/premise/day. The value for municipal solid waste generation recorded by Majlis Daerah Ranau (MDR) in three varied routes of Kundasang during August 2017 (Jalan Pekan Kundasang, Jalan Mesilou and Jalan Kota Kinabalu) were 17 tonnes, 15 tonnes and 13 tonnes respectively. This shows that the solid waste generated in Jalan Pekan Kundasang was the highest compare to Jalan Mesilou and Jalan Kota Kinabalu. This study presents the current status of organic waste generation which can serve as preliminary baseline information.