bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kant in the Time of COVID
Authors: Altman Matthew C.
Published: April 2022

During the coronavirus pandemic, communities have faced shortages of important healthcare resources such as COVID-19 vaccines, medical staff, ICU beds and ventilators. Public health officials in the U.S. have had to make decisions about two major issues: which infected patients should be treated first (triage), and which people who are at risk of infection should be inoculated first (vaccine distribution). Following Beauchamp and Childress’s principlism, adopted guidelines have tended to value both whole lives (survival to discharge) and life-years (survival for years past discharge). This process of collective moral reasoning has revealed our common commitment to both Kantian and utilitarian principles. For Kant, respecting people’s rights entails that we ought to value whole lives equally. Therefore we ought to allocate resources so as to maximise the number of patients who survive to discharge. By contrast, the principle of utility has us maximise life-years so that people can satisfy more of their considered preferences. Although people are treated impartially in the utilitarian calculus, it does not recognise their equal worth. Subjecting Kantian ethics and utilitarianism to the process of reflective equilibrium lends support to the idea that we need a pluralistic approach that would accommodate our moral intuitions regarding both the equal value of whole lives and the additive value of life-years.
The Problem of the Revolution in Gramsci (Between Kant and Marx)
Authors: Cospito Giuseppe
Published: April 2022

Reconstructing the evolution of Gramsci’s judgement about the Russian Revolution implies an overall rethinking of his own relation to Marx as well as to Kant. Already in the spring of 1917, Gramsci foresaw that the February Revolution could become a proletarian revolution and that this would realise in fact Kant’s moral: only a society completely freed from oppression and exploitation would allow people to be free and autonomous. After the fall of the Winter Palace, Gramsci wrote that the revolution happened “against Marx’s Capital”, or better, against its literal interpretation as spread by the positivistic Marxism of the Second International. Between the end of the 1910s and the beginning of the 1920s, Gramsci thought it possible for Italy and the whole of Europe “to do as in Russia”; yet, from 1924, he started elaborating a different vision of the revolution in the Western World, which in the Prison Notebooks became a contraposition between a war of movement and a war of position. At the same time, he developed the concepts of caesarism/bonapartism and passive revolution which allowed the analysis of phenomena such as americanism and fascism from the perspective of a conservative modernisation, or revolution without a revolution. Still, and most of all, Gramsci developed the concept of hegemony, highlighting the importance of the moment of consensus in the fight for gaining and maintaining power. This drew Gramsci quite far from the marxism-leninism of his time, both from the political and theoretical point of view; for instance, he rejected the “ingenuous realism” of Lenin’s Materialism and Empiriocriticism in favour of a phenomenalism explicitly drawn by Kant.
Blagoja Ivanovski's symphonic 'Reflections': 100th anniversary of the composer's birth (1921-1994)
Authors: Jordanoska Trena
Published: April 2022

The first works for symphony orchestra by Macedonian composers were written in the post-war period, from 1945 to 1957. During this period Macedonian composers introduced Western-European music models in Macedonian music culture. Several composers, among them Blagoja Ivanovski (1921-1994), are considered the pioneers of symphonism in contemporary Macedonian music. Among Ivanovski's contributions was the first symphonic poem Razmisluvanje (Reflection) written in 1954. This work will determine the creative manner in the works for symphony orchestra that follow: Symphony no. 1 Lesta (1957), Historical Poem (1958), Frescoes (1961), Tsar Samoil's Tragedy (Three symphonic poems) (1970), Vardar (1979) and Nerezi (1984). The paper presents the analysis of the form (symmetric structure), the orchestration (a tre) and the program (contents related to the national history and culture) of the symphonic poem Razmisluvanje. The paper is also concerned with the influence of Macedonian folk and traditional music in Ivanovski's compositions.
The parents' ratings of the quality of TV teaching during the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus
Authors: Šimonji-Černak Ruženka , Marić Mia , Beljanski Mila
Published: April 2022

Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the conditions in the state of emergency had forced the bigger part of school lessons in primary schools and high schools to be broadcasted on the public media services RTS 2 and RTS 3, as well as on the Internet platform RTS Planeta. In that sense, parents had a big role and responsibility in educating their children. In this paper, we present the results of the study concerning primary school parents' (mostly mothers) perception of the TV teaching, which is a part of a broader research on distance learning. According to the general goal (to determine in what way parents perceived different aspects and the quality of TV learning), the following tasks are set: 1) to asks parents' opinion on the quality of TV learning within: the exact schedule of classes, the pace of presenting educational contents, estimating the level of parents' ease of keeping up and estimating the need to reconcile home responsibilities with distance learning, and 2) to determine the differences in the parents' perception of various aspects of the quality of TV learning (dependent variables), with respect to the following independent variables: place of residence of the parents, degree of education, employment status during a state of emergency and the number of school-age children in the family. The research was conducted on the sample of 554 parents from Serbia. A newly constructed online questionnaire for the purpose of this research was used. The quality of TV teaching was assessed through nine items. The results showed that parents equally perceive the advantages and disadvantages of TV learning. They single out the existence of an appropriate schedule and the pace of broadcasting TV content within the curriculum as the most positive sides, which implies that, even if they weren't prepared, they had already developed certain competencies for keeping up and participating in this model of learning. The parents' perceptions differ according to the place of living, degree of education, employment status during the state of emergency, as well as the number of school-age children in the family. The results of this research have shown that special support for parents and children who originate from suburban and rural areas is needed, as well as for parents of a lower education level, parents who are employed and working during a state of emergency, whether they go to work or work from home, and finally, the parents who have a larger number of children in the family. The assessment of the quality of TV learning by parents is conditioned by a number of factors which originate from their social environment as well as educational and professional context. The research findings provided guidelines for further improvement in teaching practices in emergency conditions and gave a preliminary image of the parent's perception on TV teaching.
Historical thought and Heidegger's 'Black Notebooks': Historical thinking and hermeneutical keys of the mysterious texts 'Black Notebooks' by Martin Heidegger: Neopaganism of nietzsche and a nazi-orientation are no more the condition of philosophising
Authors: Petrović Aleksandar
Published: April 2022

The growing discussions of Heidegger's opus postumum, Schwartze Hefte, require adequate considerations of the issue. These discussions can no more be considered by separating Heidegger's political and philosophical thought, as was the case until now, because the content they provide is almost unambiguous. The concept of 'decision' is actualized almost universally, hence the decisionism here accounts for the negative unity of all investigating categories. We postulate that this resulted from abandoning the critical attitude and the subsequent dialectological discussion of the original ontological concepts, as well as its hermeneutical consequences. The absurdity of turning a blind eye to the glorification of Neo-Nazi inclinations should not be a part of philosophy.
The role of nonverbal codes in intercultural communication
Authors: Bakić-Mirić Nataša , Janković Anita
Published: April 2022

Nonverbal communication as one of the most important requirements of the communicative competence of each individual is an integral part of intercultural communication, i.e., communication between people who come from different cultures. Although language is an effective means of transmitting information, in the process of communication, in addition to verbal messages, hidden messages are also transmitted via nonverbal codes. Although many nonverbal codes can be considered universal, most are learned in a particular cultural space and are therefore culturally specific. Hence, it is necessary to look for broader cultural patterns in nonverbal behaviour instead of trying to identify cultural differences because it reduces their complexity and can lead to misunderstandings in intercultural communication because it is the understanding of intercultural communication that assumes that people are basically cultural beings. Understanding nonverbal codes is, therefore, a key factor in the communication process both intraculturally and interculturally. Bearing in mind that nonverbal codes are culturally different, this paper analysed their role in intercultural communication, their universality, and classification through examples.
On the goal of existentialist therapy
Authors: Govedarica Milanko
Published: April 2022

The author distinguishes between psychotherapy and philosophical therapy and understands existentialist therapy as a paradigmatic example of philosophical therapy. In this domain, the restriction to Sartre's influence is explained by the need to reduce imprecise and eclectic speech on existentialist ideas in psychotherapy. Sartre's philosophical starting points in his criticism of Freud's psychoanalysis in promoting his own existential psychoanalysis concept are considered. The French existentialist appears to criticize Freud's teaching due to overemphasizing the external causation of human behaviour, deeming human choices primary and that the meanings of all the external givenness result from them. It is shown that the need for existentialist therapy results from the experience of disrupted authenticity, that is, from the experience of unoriginality and futility of one's own life. Thus, it is explained that the authenticity of existence does not imply abstract commitment to the chosen higher values, but their coordination with facticity, as well as that it includes not only the engagement for the meaning that can be obtained, but also the reconciliation with what is ontologically not possible to change. Among other things, the conclusions are drawn about the similarities between the goal of existentialist therapy and anti-psychiatric efforts, as well as regarding who should be the bearer of this type of therapeutics.
Notes on the ancient population from the area of 'Dilunto': A few examples from the south of the province Dalmatia
Authors: Samardžić Gligor
Published: April 2022

The paper presents data on the population from the south of the province Dalmatia (Dilunto / Stolac). The conquest of the Illyrians and the education in the province of Dalmatia led not only to territorial but to ethnic changes as well. As shown by the epigraph statues from the valley of the Bregava (Dilunto / Stolac), the locals, during the Roman rule, lived together with the Romans who came to the area (cives Romani). A stronger influence of the Roman culture and civilisation, as well as lifestyle, was mostly pronounced by the Italic peoples, as highly significant contributors. They brought with themselves all the achievements of the Roman civilisation, which influenced the locals in various ways. Epigraph statues, various archeological findings and oral sources shed light to a certain degree on all these facts in the south of the province Dalmatia.
Political elites in Sarajevo and the introduction of the January 6 dictatorship in 1929
Authors: Mastilović Draga
Published: April 2022

The introduction of the personal regime of King Alexander on January 6, 1929 caused different reactions among Serbian, Croatian, and Muslim political elites in Sarajevo, but there was no open resistance towards the regime. On the basis of available archival sources, it can be concluded that the introduction of the dictatorship in the region of Bosnia and Herzegovina, especially in the region of Sarajevo, was approved by the majority of population and a certain number of political and public workers, regardless of their religion, nationality or political orientation. On the other hand, the leading figure of Yugoslav Muslim Organisation, Mehmed Spaho, officially approved the new regime, but also unofficially used every single opportunity to express his dissatisfaction with it. But unlike him, Dr Juraj Šutejex-member of Parliament and member of Croatian Peasant Party, who was considered a leader of that party in Bosnia and Herzegovina-was openly sceptical towards a new political state in the country. At about the same time, he was actively leading secret political action in consultation with the party leadership in Zagreb. When it comes to Serbian political elites in Sarajevo, they honestly supported the new regime and some of them even actively took part in the new political system.
Life of Stefan Dečanski by Danilo's Student and by Grigorij Camblak: Comparative Analysis
Authors: Kostič-Tmušič Aleksandra
Published: April 2022

The purpose of the article is to show how two authors, one Serbian and the other Bulgarian, saw the great Serbian ruler and how they composed his biography. Even though the authors were not contemporaries, their work exhibits similar pattern. However, they write in different styles, and their views and opinions differ. In this article, we will try, with a comparative method, to reliably present the life of Stefan Dečanski from the point of view of two great medieval writers. We set the goal to research biographies of Stefan Dečanski as accurately, neutrally, and objectively as possible, which were written by Danilo's student and by Grigorij Camblak. Our task is to identify all the parts in the biographies that are similar, and then those that are mentioned only in one of the listed works. Given the complexity of the topic, we used a set of methods of which the comparative is dominant. The article consists of two parts - the first gives an overview of ancient Serbian literature and explains medieval biography as a genre, while the second talks about Danilo's student and Grigorij Camblak, the similarities and differences in their work, and then compares what they wrote about. In the end, we concluded everything that was said. The beginnings of authorial literature and works, which are the subject of the article's research, brought with them a new approach to the process of writing, which reached a higher level of artistic formation of biographies. Even though the authors wrote within the canon and observed, to a greater or lesser extent, the stylistic features of everyday literature, they participated in the creation of reality and the spiritual world, as well as a selection of excerpts from the biography of the ruler. Old Serbian literature is rich in genres such as biographies, words of praise, prayers, liturgical songs, messages, etc. The genres of Serbian literature of the Middle Ages and the new century do not match: in the old Serbian literature, there are no novels, stories, historical stories, which we will display in this article. Our research does not stop at the fact that Danilo's student writes in one way about a great historical figure, while Grigorij Camblak writes differently about the same person. We set out to show, through a genre definition, the extent to which these two writers differ and what their view of Stefan Dečanski was. We will try to explain that both authors created their works for certain reasons, which are mostly different, but sometimes similar. Both wrote intending to create a cult of the Serbian king. This article will try to achieve this goal - to answer the question and show the result of a comparative analysis of the works of two authors with the same topic.
Distribution of genitive plural suffixes in Kosovo-resava dialect: Cartographic representation
Authors: Radovanović Dragana , Nikolić Jovana
Published: April 2022

The paper analyses the materials recorded in the regions of the Kosovo-Resava dialect and then used in the relevant monographic studies and dialect related publications with the aim of presenting the inventory and distribution of genitive plural forms. The areal data display contains the plural genitive forms of nouns of all three genders used in the regions where the three sub-dialects of the Kosovo-Resava area are spoken. The map also displays the use of archaic forms in some Kosovo-Resava regions (genitive ≤ locative forms), as well as the influences that other, non-Slavic Balkan languages have on the inflectional system, particularly in the border areas, that is, in the contact zones.
Correlação entre a intenção dos designers e a interpretação das cores de uma coleção de vestuário por pessoas da Geração Z
Authors: Dantas Ítalo José de Medeiros , Silva Camila Assis Peres
Published: April 2022

Designers de moda necessitam fazer escolhas temática-conceituais, entregando de maneira efetiva uma mensagem. Dentre os elementos da linguagem visual empregados nessa codificação, a cor, por seu aspecto simbólico, desempenha papel importante no processo de comunicação visual. Portanto, este artigo busca explorar as possibilidades interpretativas da dimensão semântica de uma cartela de cores ao comparar a efetividade na intenção dos designers sobre a mensagem visual das cores em uma coleção de vestuário com a interpretação dos potenciais consumidores da Geração Z. Aplicou-se como método o diferencial semântico (DS) e a associação livre de palavras (ALP), entrevistando 4 designers, que criaram a coleção investigada no âmbito deste trabalho, e questionando 52 potenciais consumidores da Geração Z. Os resultados para o DS e para a ALP sugeriram um nível moderado de entendimento entre intenção e interpretação das mensagens das cores.
Moda com propósito: um estudo de caso da marca somos numa
Authors: Barbiero Luiza Lippo , Schemes Claudia , Bohnenberger Maria Cristina
Published: April 2022

No contexto econômico e empresarial no qual vivemos, caracterizado por diversas mudanças e avanços, principalmente no consumo, podemos perceber que negócios e empreendedores criativos e com propósito têm se consolidado. A moda é um dos mercados que tem apresentado tais mudanças evidenciadas por algumas marcas que apresentam a preocupação com questões de sustentabilidade e propósito. Este artigo tem como objetivo principal identificar a aplicabilidade e os usos dos conceitos de empreendedorismo, moda e propósito, a partir de um estudo de caso da marca Somos Numa. A metodologia utilizada é a descritiva, com o estudo de caso da marca. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas em profundidade com os proprietários e da análise documental.
Economia Criativa de Moda em Santa Catarina: compreensões de um público alvo
Authors: Scoz Emanuella , Lostada Lauro Roberto
Published: April 2022

Este artigo resulta de pesquisa aplicada com estudantes dos primeiro e terceiro semestres do curso Técnico em Modelagem de uma instituição Federal de Santa Catarina, localizada no Vale do Itajaí, com o objetivo de perceber as suas compreensões sobre a Economia Criativa de Moda na região. O contato com os estudantes foi feito anteriormente por um dos autores, como docente da unidade curricular de Modelagem Manual do Vestuário e, percebido interesse dos estudantes em empreender negócios após a formação, foram compreendidos como possível público de ações de Economia Criativa. Informações sobre as percepções locais acerca da Economia Criativa de Moda são de interesse dos Conselhos Municipais de Políticas Culturais, e podem auxiliar na construção de políticas públicas para a região. A pesquisa ocorreu via questionário online com 35 estudantes. O método de análise utilizado foi análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2016), que permitiu observar a predominância do discurso do empreendedorismo, cujos impedimentos foram o investimento em tempo e dinheiro. A pesquisa revela a compreensão de Economia Criativa de Moda vinculada a feiras e ao artesanato, em detrimento das políticas de desenvolvimento industrial aplicadas na região.
Jornalismo de moda: O slow fashion como notícia nos blogs especializados
Authors: Sousa Jailson Oliveira , Teixeira Juliana Fernandes , Silveira Icléia , Goulart Henrique de Souza
Published: April 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as notícias publicadas sobre o slow fashion em websites especializados no jornalismo de moda e identificar como o jornalismo especializado de/em moda  vem sendo um importante vetor de informação e conscientização ética sobre o consumo responsável nas sociedades ocidentais do século XXI. Para tanto, por meio de pesquisa básica, qualitativa e descritiva, empreendeu-se uma análise de conteúdo comparativa de três blogs especializados em moda: (I) Moda sem crise, (II) Modefica e (III) Stylo urbano,  a partir de notícias e reportagens sobre o movimento slow fashion. Os resultados apontaram que, apesar desses websites apresentarem majoritariamente tendências de moda como looks do dia e cartelas de cores ditados por blogueiras, estes se revelam como frutíferos espaços midiáticos para abordagens mais conscientes e alternativas sustentáveis nos conteúdos de moda apresentados.
Um panorama do status de conservação de espécies de Priapulida e Onychophora no Brasil
Authors: Silva Clécio Danilo Dias da
Published: April 2022

Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um panorama das espécies dos filos Priapulida e Onychophora ameaçadas de extinção, bem como, discutir o estado de conservação de seus represetantes. Para isso utilizou-se de dados brutos presentes no “Livro Vermelho da Fauna Brasileira ameaçada de Extinção”, onde as espécies dos grupos estavam listadas. Por meio da exploração e análise deste material, constatou-se que grande parte das espécies dos onicóforos e priapúlideos estão inclusos na categoria Dados Insuficientes (DD) da International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Essa situação evidencia que, apesar do avanço nas pesquisas envolvendo aspectos taxonômicos e filogenéticos para estes filos, verifica-se um número ínfimo de estudos que exploram e discutem seus aspectos comportamentais, ecológicos e conservacionistas, servindo como um propulsor para o desenvolvimento e efetivação de pesquisas que contribuam para a conservação dos filos Priapulida e Onychophora  no Brasil e no mundo.
Ritualstruktur og ritualklassifikation 2.0
Authors: Fibiger Marianne Qvortrup
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT: In 1992, Jens Peter Schjødt wrote a very informative article in Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift on the structure and classification of rituals. The article introduces to some of the basic features of rites of passage and also gives suggestions to how these can be classified into different types. A focal point in this connection is to understand the ritual as either direct or indirect communication respectively, and its presumed efficacy. Here it is particularly important to look at the “before” and the “after” of the ritual. From my point of view, the article is a really good starting point for introducing the meaning(s) of rituals to students, especially with a few additions. The aim of the present article is firstly to give a systematic overview of JPS’ main arguments with a few additional comments, secondly to broaden out the communicative perspective. This is partly done with the addition of Roy Rappaports differentiation between auto- and allo-communication and my own suggested category called exterioris communication.

RESUME: I 1992 skrev Jens Peter Schjødt en meget oplysende artikel om ritualstruktur og ritualklassifikation i Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift. I artiklen introduceres læseren ikke kun for nogle af de grundlæggende træk ved overgangsritualer, men også for forslag til, hvordan disse kan klassificeres i forskellige typer. Et centralt omdrejningspunkt er, at se på ritualet som henholdsvis indirekte og direkte kommunikation og på dets tillagte effikacitet. Her er det særligt interessant at se på ritualets før- og efter. Fra min synsvinkel er artiklen rigtig god at bruge når ritualet og dets forskellige betydninger skal introduceres for nye studerende. Dog gerne med et par enkelte tilføjelser. Målet med nærværende artikel er først at give en systematisk fremstilling af JPS' hovedpointer, tilknyttet et par forslag til uddybning, derefter at brede det kommunikative perspektiv ud. Det gøres bl.a. ved inddragelse af Roy Rappaports skelnen imellem autoog allo-kommunikation og min egen tilføjelse, som jeg kalder exterioris-kommunikation.
Regression Models for Estimating Aboveground Biomass and Stand Volume Using Landsat-Based Indices in Post-Mining Area
Authors:   https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jmht/article/view/33983/23160, Priatama A R , Setiawan Y
Published: April 2022

This paper describes the use of remotely sensed data to measure vegetation variables such as basal area, biomass and stand volume. The objective of this research was developed regression models to estimate basal area (BA), aboveground biomass (AGB), and stand volume (SV) using Landsat-based vegetation indices. The examined vegetation indices were SAVI, MSAVI, EVI, NBR, NBR2 and NDMI. Regression models were developed based on least-squared method using several forms of equation, i.e., linear, exponential, power, logarithm and polynomial. Among those models, it was recognized that the best fit of model was obtained from the exponential model, log (y) = ax + b for estimating BA, AGB & SV. The MSAVI had been identified as the most accurate independent variable to estimates basal area with R² of 0.70 and average verification values of 16.39% (4%32.66%); while the EVI become the best independent variable for estimating aboveground biomass (AGB) with R2 of 0.72 and average of verification values of 18,10% (9%-28.01%); and the NDMI was recognized to be the best independent variable to estimate stand volume with R2 of 0.69 and average of verification values of 24.37% (-15%-38.11%).
Dynamic characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cell on a multiple time scale
Authors: Wang Ji-Kang , Li Hua , Peng Yu-Fei , Li Xiao-Yan , Zhang Xin-Yu ,   School of Electric Power, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010080, China,   School of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
Published: April 2022

The current research on the dynamic performance of the proton exchange fuel cell is mostly aimed at the influence of operating parameters on the system, but does not involve with the dynamic characteristics of the cell on a multiple time scale nor the study of the corresponding multiple time scale model. In order to detect the dynamic changes of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the effects of various factors in the system on the output performance on different time scales are investigated. The effective partial pressure of oxygen and hydrogen are obtained by the mass diffusion equation and the ideal gas state equation, and the dynamic model is established according to the law of conservation of energy, the law of thermodynamics, and the electrochemical reaction equation. By setting the load mutations with a large/medium/small time scale dynamic duration of 0.6 s, 165 s, and16 min, respectively, the mechanism with which voltage suddenly changes when the load current changes abruptly is studied. Starting from the long time constant during which the dynamic performance takes effect, the control variable is used to analyze the double-layer charge. The influences of layer effect capacitance C, fuel oxidant delay time constant τe, and thermodynamic characteristics (temperature T) on the dynamic performance ( initial values of variables: C = 4 F, τe = 80 s, and T = 307.7 K) clarify the action intensities on different time scales. With the help of Matlab/Sumlink platform the simulation results are obtained and the correctness and effectiveness of the built model are verified. The simulation results show that the sudden change in voltage is due to the open circuit voltage and Ohmic polarization resistance, and the Ohmic resistance is dominant (the Ohmic overvoltage change value is 2 V, and the open circuit voltage change is 0.05 V), and the C pair dynamics on a small time scale (ms). The performance plays a leading role. Specifically, τe has a greater effect on the dynamic characteristics on a medium time scale (s), and T has a stronger effect on a large time scale (102–103 s). Based on the above deduction, a multi-time scale model of the battery is derived. The research provides the reference and theoretical support for subsequent battery energy management, evaluation of dynamic performance, and precise control.
Preparation and performance improvement of metal grid transparent conductive film based on crack template method
Authors: Liao Dun-Wei , Zheng Yue-Jun , Chen Qiang , Ding Liang , Gao Mian , Fu Yun-Qi ,   College of Electronic Science Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
Published: April 2022

A metal mesh transparent conductive film with high shielding performance is prepared based on the crack template method. The shielding performance of the metal mesh transparent conductive film prepared by the existing crack template method needs improving due to the thin thickness of the metal mesh. In this work, the crack depth factor is added to the distribution curve of the relationship between the spin coating speed of the cracked material and the crack pattern, and the appropriate crack material and spin coating scheme are selected to prepare an ideal crack template with random pattern distribution. A metal layer with a thickness of 1 μm is deposited inside and outside the crack template gap by magnetron sputtering, and the method of ultrasonic cleaning combined with organic solvent is introduced to efficiently remove the crack glue template, and a metal mesh transparent conductive film sample is obtained. The measured light transmittance of the metal mesh transparent conductive film sample exceeds 85% while the square resistance value remains around 2.8 Ω/□, which has good light transmittance and electromagnetic shielding performance. The shielding performance is improved by preparing thickened metal mesh transparent conductive films, which provide a reference for the subsequent preparation of metal mesh transparent conductive films with high shielding performance based on the crack template method.
Phase transition and equation of state of dense liquid nitrogen at high temperature and high pressure
Authors: Tian Chun-Ling , Liu Hai-Yan , Wang Biao , Liu Fu-Sheng , Gan Yun-Dan ,   School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China,   Institute of High Temperature and High Pressure Physics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China,   Xi’an Institute of Modern Chemistry, Xi’an 710065, China
Published: April 2022

Nitrogen is the main reaction and detonation product of energetic materials. Therefore, studying the equation of state and phase transition of nitrogen at high temperature and high pressure is very important in evaluating the energy characteristics of energetic materials, especially in designing a new-generation nitrogen-rich energetic materials. Using density functional molecular dynamics simulation method, we calculate the pressure, internal energy and chemical components of fluid nitrogen in a temperature range of 900–25000 K and a pressure range of 2–300 GPa. The negative changes of pressure with temperature on isochores are observed under the temperature and pressure conditions of 3000–10000 K and 20–80 GPa. As the temperature increases, the pressure drop is caused by the collapse of nitrogen molecules. This phenomenon is related to the phase transition from molecular fluid nitrogen to polymerized fluid nitrogen. The triple bond in the molecule breaks and a polymer forms, which is connected by single and double bonds with neighboring atom. We also study the equation of state along Hugoniot curve under impact loading. The obtained Hugoniot curve is in good agreement with the experimental results. It is found that the softening of the experimental curve in a range of 30–60 GPa is related to the decomposition of nitrogen molecules and the formation of polymeric nitrogen.
Formation mechanism of CsPbBr3 in multi-step spin-coating process
Authors: Ma Shu-Peng , Lin Fei-Yu , Luo Yuan , Zhu Liu , Guo Xue-Yi , Yang Ying ,   School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China,   Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Resources Recycling, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China,   National & Regional Joint Engineering Research Center of Nonferrous Metal Resources Recycling, Changsha 410083, China,   Guangdong Provincial Enterprise Key Laboratory of High Performance Thin Film Solar Materials, Qingyuan 511517, China,   First Materials Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 511517, China
Published: April 2022

The quality of perovskite films plays a crucial role in solar cell, which can affect the stability and power conversion efficiency (PCE). As one of inorganic perovskites with excellent stability, CsPbBr3 perovskite is usually prepared by multi-step method due to the large difference in solubility between its precursor salts (PbBr2 and CsBr). The main reason is that the formation mechanism of CsPbBr3 film is not thoroughly studied. The incomplete reaction of PbBr2 and emergence of Cs4PbBr6 when the CsBr is excessive become problems that need to be solved urgently. In this paper, the phase transition of films during spin coating is observed in detail. In the process of film formation, the CsBr diffuses into the predeposited PbBr2 film to complete the reaction. The short reaction time results in insufficient reactions inside the film but overreaction on the surface of film. The CsPb2Br5 and Cs4PbBr6 appear with CsPbBr3 perovskite, and the film formed by repetitively annealing blocks the diffusion of CsBr. Methanol has an etching effect on the perovskite film which can eliminate the blocking effect. By extending the reaction time of CsBr solution on the film surface, the PbBr2 in the bottom layer is fully reacted, and after being annealed, the perovskite film will recrystallize to form a compact film. With the reaction time controlled appropriately, the CsPb2Br5 in the film can be effectively reduced and Cs4PbBr6 will not appear. The film grain size increases, grain boundary decreases, and the recombination is effectively inhibited, which ensures the improvement of the photoelectric performance of the solar cell. Under the condition of spin-coating four times and reaction time of 30 s, the solar cell has 6.30% PCE, Voc = 1.28 V, Jsc = 8.40 mA/cm2, FF = 0.59 . Comparing with the solar cells with no extended reaction time, the PCE improves more than 18%. This work will provide an important insight into the growth mechanism of perovskite film toward high crystallinity and less defects.
Coherent coupling in a driven qubit-magnon hybrid quantum system
Authors: Xu Da , Wang Yi-Pu , Li Tie-Fu , You Jian-Qiang ,   Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China,   School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Published: April 2022

We experimentally demonstrate the strong coupling between the ferromagnetic magnons in an yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) sphere and the drive-field-induced dressed states of a superconducting qubit, which gives rise to the double dressing of the superconducting qubit. The YIG sphere and the superconducting qubit are embedded in a microwave cavity, and are coupled to the magnetic and electrical fields of the cavity \begin{document}$\mathrm{TE}_{102}$\end{document} mode, respectively. The effective coupling between them is mediated by the virtual cavity photons of cavity \begin{document}$\mathrm{TE}_{102}$\end{document} mode. Our experimental results indicate that as the power for driving the qubit increases, an additional split of the qubit-magnon polariton occurs. These supplemental splittings indicate a double-dressed state. We theoretically analyze the experimental results by using a particle-hole symmetric model. The theoretical results fit the experimental observations well in a broad range of drive-field power parameters, revealing that the driven qubit-magnon hybrid quantum system can be used to emulate a particle-hole symmetric pair coupled to a bosonic mode. Our hybrid quantum system holds great promise for quantum simulations of composite quasiparticles consisting of fermions and bosons.
Stability and corrosion behavior of AlOx coating on T91 steel and SIMP steel in static liquid Pb-Bi eutectic at 600 ℃
Authors: Liao Qing , Li Bing-Sheng , Ge Fang-Fang , Zhang Hong-Peng , Shen Tie-Long , Mao Xue-Li , Wang Ren-Da , Sheng Yan-Bin , Chang Hai-Long , Wang Zhi-Guang , Xu Shuai , Chen Li-Ming , He Xiao-Xun ,   State Key Laboratory for Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China,   Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China,   Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China,   School of science, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
Published: April 2022

Ferritic/martensitic steels, such as T91 steel and SIMP steel, are chosen as the main candidates of structural materials for the Generation IV lead-cooled fast reactors and accelerator driven system. However, the compatibility between container steel and liquid Pb-Bi eutectic (LBE) at high temperature limits their applications. The corrosion of ferritic/martensitic steels is serious in LBE at 600 ℃. In order to avoid corroding the ferritic/martensitic steels in LBE, it is proposed to coat AlOx (x < 1.5) on the steel surface. The AlOx coating is conducted on T91 steel and SIMP steel by magnetron sputtering. In this exploratory work, the corrosion results of AlOx coating steel are compared with the corrosion results of the uncoated steel in LBE with a saturated oxygen concentration at 600 ℃ for 300 h and 700 h. The results show that the AlOx coating can effectively prevent the iron chromium and oxygen from diffusing, so the oxide scale of the coated steel is thinner than that of the uncoated steel. However, the coating cracks after 700 h corrosion in LBE. Meanwhile, T91 steel and SIMP steel also suffer serious oxidative corrosion, indicating that the coating can protect the substrate from being corroded by 600 ℃ static LBE in a short time. However, the coating cannot keep stable for a long time in LBE at 600 ℃. This may be due to the weak film base bonding force of AlOx coating prepared under the experimental conditions, or a large number of metal aluminum and structural defects existing in AlOx coating. It is needed to further study the stability of AlOx coating in LBE at elevated temperature.
Numerical study of effect of magnetic field on laser-driven Rayleigh-Taylor instability
Authors: Sun Wei , Lü Chong , Lei Zhu , Zhong Jia-Yong ,   Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China,   State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China,   Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Published: April 2022

Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) is a fundamental physical phenomenon in fluids and plasmas, and plays a significant role in astrophysics, space physics, and engineering. Especially in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research, numerous experimental and simulation results have identified RTI as one of the most significant barriers to achieving fusion. Understanding the origin and development of RTI will be conducive to formulating mitigation measures to curb the growth of instability, thereby improving the odds of ICF success. Although there have existed many theoretical and experimental studies of RTI under high energy density, there are few experiments to systematically explore the influence of magnetic fields on the evolution of magnetized RTI. Here, a new experimental scheme is proposed based on the Shenguang-II laser facility on which the nanosecond laser beams are used to drive modulation targets of polystyrene (CH) and low-density foam layers. A shock wave is generated after the laser’s CH modulation layer has been ablated, and propagates through CH to low-density foam. Moreover, Richtmyer-Meshkov instability is triggered off when the shock wave accelerates the target. When the laser pulse ends, the shock wave evolves into a blast wave, causing the system to decelerate, resulting in RTI in the reference system of the interface. In this paper the open-source radiation MHD simulation code (FLASH) is used to simulate the RTI generated by a laser-driven modulation target. The evolution of RTI under no magnetic field, under Biermann self-generated magnetic field, and under different applied magnetic fields are systematically investigated and compared with each other. The simulation results show that the Biermann self-generated magnetic field and the applied magnetic field parallel to flow direction do not change the interface dynamics in the evolution process of RTI. Nevertheless, the applied magnetic field perpendicular to flow direction can stabilize RTI and the Kelvin-Helmholtz vortex at the tail of the RTI spike. Magnetic pressure plays a decisive role. The present results provide a reference for the follow-up study of target physics related to ICF and deepen the understanding of the fluid mixing process.
Experimental study of simultaneous high-temperature and high-pressure assembly of Paris-Edinburgh press for neutron diffraction
Authors: Yang Gong-Zhang , Xie Lei , Chen Xi-Ping , He Rui-Qi , Han Tie-Xin , Niu Guo-Liang , Fang Lei-Ming , He Duan-Wei ,   Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China,   Key Laboratory for Neutron Physics, Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China,   Guangdong Zhengxin Hard Material Technology R & D Co., Ltd, Heyuan 517000, China
Published: April 2022

Paris-Edinbrugh (PE) press has been widely used in high pressure in-situ neutron diffraction experiments due to its advantages of large sample size, portability and simple structure. However, with the characteristics of uniaxial load of PE press, the weak lateral support makes the gasket and cell assembly continue flowing outward. So, the development of cell assembly of PE press that can simultaneously work under high pressure and high temperature (high P-T) is a great challenge. In this work, we design three-segment high P-T assembly of PE press for neutron diffraction, which can significantly improve the heating efficiency, thermal insulation, and stability of assembly. By using the fanned Cu foil leads of thermocouple, we realize the in-situ measurement of assembly temperature under a high pressure up to 5 GPa. The designed HPT-3 and HPT-3.5 assemblies can arrive at 2034 K and 1515 K respectively, which are measured by thermocouple. The high P-T experiments of HPT-3 assembly are carried out on a high-pressure neutron diffraction spectrometer (Fenghuang) of China Mianyang Research Reactor (CMRR). The results show that the designed assembly can simultaneously achieve high P-T of 8.5 GPa and 1508 K with collecting the high-quality neutron diffraction data of MgO cylindrical sample.
High and stable ATP levels prevent aberrant intracellular protein aggregation in yeast
Authors: Takaine Masak , Imamura Hiromi , Yoshida Satoshi
Published: April 2022

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) at millimolar levels has recently been implicated in the solubilization of cellular proteins. However, the significance of this high ATP level under physiological conditions and the mechanisms that maintain ATP remain unclear. We herein demonstrated that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and adenylate kinase (ADK) cooperated to maintain cellular ATP levels regardless of glucose levels. Single-cell imaging of ATP-reduced yeast mutants revealed that ATP levels in these mutants underwent stochastic and transient depletion, which promoted the cytotoxic aggregation of endogenous proteins and pathogenic proteins, such as huntingtin and α-synuclein. Moreover, pharmacological elevations in ATP levels in an ATP-reduced mutant prevented the accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates and its cytotoxicity. The present study demonstrates that cellular ATP homeostasis ensures proteostasis and revealed that suppressing the high volatility of cellular ATP levels prevented cytotoxic protein aggregation, implying that AMPK and ADK are important factors that prevent proteinopathies, such as neurodegenerative diseases.
Dithiothreitol causes toxicity in C. elegans by modulating the methionine–homocysteine cycle
Authors: G Gokul , Singh Jogender
Published: April 2022

The redox reagent dithiothreitol (DTT) causes stress in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by disrupting its oxidative protein folding environment, which results in the accumulation and misfolding of the newly synthesized proteins. DTT may potentially impact cellular physiology by ER-independent mechanisms; however, such mechanisms remain poorly characterized. Using the nematode model Caenorhabditis elegans, here we show that DTT toxicity is modulated by the bacterial diet. Specifically, the dietary component vitamin B12 alleviates DTT toxicity in a methionine synthase-dependent manner. Using a forward genetic screen, we discover that loss-of-function of R08E5.3, an S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferase, confers DTT resistance. DTT upregulates R08E5.3 expression and modulates the activity of the methionine–homocysteine cycle. Employing genetic and biochemical studies, we establish that DTT toxicity is a result of the depletion of SAM. Finally, we show that a functional IRE-1/XBP-1 unfolded protein response pathway is required to counteract toxicity at high, but not low, DTT concentrations.