bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, UV-visible spectroelectrochemistry and theoretical characterization of new polypyridyl Ru(ii) complexes containing 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine as precursors for water oxidation catalysts
Authors: Domínguez Sofía E. , Morán Vieyra Faustino E. , Fagalde Florencia
Published: August 2020

New chloro and aqua complexes of Ru(ii) with 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine as precursors for water oxidation catalysts at pH = 1 using Ce(iv).
Ambidentate bonding and electrochemical implications of pincer-type pyridylidene amide ligands in complexes of nickel, cobalt and zinc
Authors: Melle Philipp , Ségaud Nathalie , Albrecht Martin
Published: August 2020

Pincer-type tridentate pyridyl bis(pyridylidene amide) (pyPYA2) ligand systems were coordinated to the Earth-abundant first row transition metals nickel, cobalt and zinc, revealing ambidentateN,N,NandO,N,Ocoordination behavior.
Operando characterization techniques for electrocatalysis
Authors: Li Jingkun , Gong Jinlong
Published: August 2020

Significant progress toward the understanding of the electrochemical process has been achieved in the past decades, owning to the advancements in operando characterization techniques.
Metachronal actuation of microscopic magnetic artificial cilia generates strong microfluidic pumping
Authors: Zhang Shuaizhong , Cui Zhiwei , Wang Ye , den Toonder Jaap M. J.
Published: August 2020

Microscopic magnetic artificial cilia (μMAC) performing metachronal motion are experimentally demonstrated to generate unprecedented strong microfluidic flow.
Pore-scale multiple-contact miscibility measurements in a microfluidic chip
Authors: Zou Hanbang , Kang Hanwen , Slim Anja C. , Neild Adrian
Published: August 2020

A microfluidic approach to the measurements of the onset of multiple-contact miscibility and quantification of the role of different wetting conditions in the displacement of reservoir fluid.
Highly efficient electro-generation of H2O2by a nitrogen porous carbon modified carbonaceous cathode during the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Tao Ling , Yang Yang , Yu Fangke
Published: August 2020

In this work, active carbon fibers (ACFs) were modified with nitrogen-doped porous carbon (NPC) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to prepare a novel modified electrode as a cathode.
Facile preparation of MoS2/maleic acid composite as high-performance anode for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Wang Jingshi , Shen Zhigang , Yi Min
Published: August 2020

We propose a facile one-step method to prepare a MoS2 composite anode with excellent electrochemical performance and potential for practical applications in lithium ion batteries.
The noncoincidence phenomenon of acetonylacetone CO stretching in a binary mixture and the aggregation-induced split theory
Authors: Wang Huigang , Xu Hang , Liu Qiuna , Zheng Xuming
Published: August 2020

Both the isotropic and anisotropic Raman wavenumbers of the CO stretch increase with the dilution of acetonylacetone by CCl4, while the separation between isotropic and anisotropic Raman wavenumbers (Δυ) decrease.
Synthesis of highly functionalized thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine derivatives via a five-component cascade reaction based on nitroketene N,S-acetal
Authors: Razavi Zohreh Sahhaf , Bayat Mohammad , Hosseini Hajar
Published: August 2020

Easy construction of novel and highly substituted thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine hydrazone compounds using keten N,S-acetals.
New marine-derived indolymethyl pyrazinoquinazoline alkaloids with promising antimicrobial profiles
Authors: Long Solida , Resende Diana I. S. P. , Palmeira Andreia , Kijjoa Anake , Silva Artur M. S. , Tiritan Maria Elizabeth , Pereira-Terra Patrícia , Freitas-Silva Joana , Barreiro Sandra , Silva Renata , Remião Fernando , Pinto Eugénia , Martins da Costa Paulo , Sousa Emília , Pinto Madalena M. M.
Published: August 2020

Indolomethyl pyrazino [1,2-b]quinazoline-3,6-diones were prepared using a one-pot multicomponent polycondensation of amino acids and were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against a panel of nine bacterial strains and five fungal strains.
ortho-Naphthoquinone-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of amines to fused pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones: a convergent synthetic route to bouchardatine and sildenafil
Authors: Kim Kyeongha , Kim Hun Young , Oh Kyungsoo
Published: August 2020

Fused pyrimidin-4(3H)-one derivatives have been accessed by using the ortho-naphthoquinone-catalyzed aerobic cross-coupling reactions of amines.
Aptamer-modified sensitive nanobiosensors for the specific detection of antibiotics
Authors: Zhang Ying , Duan Bo , Bao Qing , Yang Tao , Wei Tiancheng , Wang Jie , Mao Chuanbin , Zhang Caiqiao , Yang Mingying
Published: August 2020

A highly selective, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) based aptasensor for enrofloxacin (ENR) detection was developed using core–shell upconversion nanoparticles as an energy donor and graphene oxide as an energy acceptor.
Intestinal microbiota changes in Graves’ disease: a prospective clinical study
Authors: Yan Hui-xian , An Wen-cheng , Chen Fang , An Bo , Pan Yue , Jin Jing , Xia Xue-pei , Cui Zhi-jun , Jiang Lin , Zhou Shu-jing , Jin Hong-xin , Ou Xiao-hong , Huang Wei , Hong Tian-pei , Lyu Zhao-hui
Published: August 2020

Graves’ disease (GD) occurs due to an autoimmune dysfunction of thyroid gland cells, leading to manifestations consistent with hyperthyroidism. Various studies have confirmed the link between autoimmune conditions and changes in the composition of intestinal microbial organisms. However, few studies have assessed the relationship between the GD and the changes in intestinal microbiota. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate changes in intestinal flora that may occur in the setting of GD. Thirty-nine patients with GD and 17 healthy controls were enrolled for fecal sample collection. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analyze the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes of intestinal flora was performed on Illumina Hiseq2500 platform. Comparing to healthy individuals, the number of Bacilli, Lactobacillales, Prevotella, Megamonas and Veillonella strains were increased, whereas the number of Ruminococcus, Rikenellaceae and Alistipes strains were decreased among patients with GD. Furthermore, patients with GD showed a decrease in intestinal microbial diversity. Therefore, it indicates that the diversity of microbial strains is significantly reduced in GD patients, and patients with GD will undergo significant changes in intestinal microbiota, by comparing the intestinal flora of GD and healthy controls. These conclusions are expected to provide a preliminary reference for further researches on the interaction mechanism between intestinal flora and GD.
Molecular mechanisms mediating asymmetric subcellular localisation of the core planar polarity pathway proteins
Authors: Harrison Carl , Shao Hongyu , Strutt Helen , Strutt David
Published: August 2020

Planar polarity refers to cellular polarity in an orthogonal plane to apicobasal polarity, and is seen across scales from molecular distributions of proteins to tissue patterning. In many contexts it is regulated by the evolutionarily conserved ‘core' planar polarity pathway that is essential for normal organismal development. Core planar polarity pathway components form asymmetric intercellular complexes that communicate polarity between neighbouring cells and direct polarised cell behaviours and the formation of polarised structures. The core planar polarity pathway consists of six structurally different proteins. In the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, where the pathway is best characterised, an intercellular homodimer of the seven-pass transmembrane protein Flamingo interacts on one side of the cell junction with the seven-pass transmembrane protein Frizzled, and on the other side with the four-pass transmembrane protein Strabismus. The cytoplasmic proteins Diego and Dishevelled are co-localised with Frizzled, and Prickle co-localises with Strabismus. Between these six components there are myriad possible molecular interactions, which could stabilise or destabilise the intercellular complexes and lead to their sorting into polarised distributions within cells. Post-translational modifications are key regulators of molecular interactions between proteins. Several post-translational modifications of core proteins have been reported to be of functional significance, in particular phosphorylation and ubiquitination. In this review, we discuss the molecular control of planar polarity and the molecular ecology of the core planar polarity intercellular complexes. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of understanding the spatial control of post-translational modifications in the establishment of planar polarity.
Compact triple‐band HTS filter with high selectivity using self‐coupled stepped impedance resonator
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Zhou Dongfang , Zhang Dewei , Liu Qing
Published: August 2020

A compact triple‐band high‐temperature superconducting (HTS) filter with high selectivity based on self‐coupled stepped impedance resonator is proposed in this Letter. By folding the two‐opened arms of the λ /2 stepped impedance resonator, inter‐resonator coupling has been evolved. Due to theoretical analysis of the resonator, the first three resonant frequencies are used to construct three passbands with controllable frequency ratios and bandwidths by changing coupling coefficient, impedance ratios and length ratio. Finally, a triple‐band filter example with frequencies centred at 1.72/4.05/7.6 GHz (frequency ratios of 1:2.4:4.4) is designed, fabricated and tested, which has multiple transmission zeros and compact size. Good agreement between the simulated and the measured results validates the design method.
Stochastic games for power grid coordinated defence against coordinated attacks
Authors: Feng Xiaomeng , Sun Qiuye
Published: August 2020

As the worst‐case interacting false data to the power system state estimation (SE), cyber data attacks can avoid being filtered out by most bad data detectors. In this study, coordinated attacks (unobservable attack and logic bomb attack) and coordinated defences (honeypot and weakening vision) are used to analyse attackers’ and defenders’ behaviours, respectively. To quantify the potential physical influences (attack‐and‐defence) benefits, the residual of the expected state is devised. Subsequently, a zero‐sum stochastic game is utilised to model the interaction between the cyber‐physical power system and the external attack‐and‐defence actions. This game is demonstrated to admit a Nash equilibrium and the minimax Q ‐learning algorithm is introduced to enable the two players to reach their equilibrium strategies while maximising their respective minimum rewards in a sequence of stages. Numerous simulations of the stochastic game model on the IEEE 14‐bus system show that while resisting the isolated or coordinated attacks, the optimal coordinated defences are more effective than those of isolated attacks.
Effect of latitudinal differential rotation on solar Rossby waves: Critical layers, eigenfunctions, and momentum fluxes in the equatorialβplane
Authors: Gizon L. , Fournier D. , Albekioni M.
Published: August 2020

Context.Retrograde-propagating waves of vertical vorticity with longitudinal wavenumbers between 3 and 15 have been observed on the Sun with a dispersion relation close to that of classical sectoral Rossby waves. The observed vorticity eigenfunctions are symmetric in latitude, peak at the equator, switch sign near 20°–30°, and decrease at higher latitudes.

Aims.We search for an explanation that takes solar latitudinal differential rotation into account.

Methods.In the equatorialβplane, we studied the propagation of linear Rossby waves (phase speedc <  0) in a parabolic zonal shear flow,U= −U̅ξ2< 0, whereU̅= 244 m s−1, andξis the sine of latitude.

Results.In the inviscid case, the eigenvalue spectrum is real and continuous, and the velocity stream functions are singular at the critical latitudes whereU = c. We add eddy viscosity to the problem to account for wave attenuation. In the viscous case, the stream functions solve a fourth-order modified Orr-Sommerfeld equation. Eigenvalues are complex and discrete. For reasonable values of the eddy viscosity corresponding to supergranular scales and above (Reynolds number 100 ≤ Re ≤ 700), all modes are stable. At fixed longitudinal wavenumber, the least damped mode is a symmetric mode whose real frequency is close to that of the classical Rossby mode, which we call the R mode. ForRe ≈ 300, the attenuation and the real part of the eigenfunction is in qualitative agreement with the observations (unlike the imaginary part of the eigenfunction, which has a larger amplitude in the model).

Conclusions.Each longitudinal wavenumber is associated with a latitudinally symmetric R mode trapped at low latitudes by solar differential rotation. In the viscous model, R modes transport significant angular momentum from the dissipation layers toward the equator.
Astrophysics research at DAP
Authors: Diep P.N. , Hoai D.T. , Nhung P.T. , Phuong N.T. , Thai T.T. , Tuan-Anh P. , Darriulat P.
Published: August 2020

The research and training team of the Department of Astrophysics (DAP), Vietnam National Space Center, is some twenty years old. Currently, we work in the fields of stellar physics and high-redshift galaxies using mm/sub-mm data observed by world-leading radio interferometers such as ALMA and NOEMA. In this report, we present the research team and its activities and give illustrations of the research work with emphasis on the use of archival data.
On the origin of high Doppler velocity wings in the spectra of O-rich AGB stars
Authors: Hoai Do Thi , Nhung Pham Tuyet , Tuan-Anh Pham , Darriulat Pierre , Diep Pham Ngoc , Phuong Nguyen Thi , Thai Tran Thi
Published: August 2020

Millimetre ALMA observations of the nascent winds of several Oxygen rich AGB stars have revealed the high Doppler velocity wings in their spectra. However, the physics underlying their production is unclear. In this paper, we illustrate the argument with four examples of oxygen-rich AGB stars: EP Aqr, R Dor, L2 Pup and Mira Ceti.
On Multiparticle Production in Very High Energy Scattering
Authors: Agarwal Pulkit , Ang Han Wei , Ong Zongjin , Chan Aik Hui , Oh Choo Hiap
Published: August 2020

A phenomenological model of particle production and hadronisation in high energy collisions is formulated using Dirac fields in Yukawa-like interaction and the resulting stochastic equation is solved numerically. Different initial conditions are used to compare particle- particle (ψ ψ) and particle-antiparticle (ψ* ψ) interactions. It is shown that in this simplified view, there is a clear difference between the final multiplicity distributions resulting from the two initial conditions. To model the restricted phase space (limited pseudorapidity) measurements in experiment, a “loss” function is also proposed to account for the undetected particles close to the beam line.
Effects of phase space variables on oscillations of modified combinants
Authors: Ang H.W. , Ong Z. , Agarwal P. , Chan A.H. , Oh C.H.
Published: August 2020

It has been shown recently that additional information can be ob- tained from charged particle multiplicity distribution by investigating their mod- ified combinantsC j, which exhibit periodic oscillatory behaviour. The modified combinants obtained from experimental data can be expressed in a recurrent form involving the probability of obtainingNcharged particlesP(N), scaled by the void probabilityP(0). The effects of various experimental observables such as |η|,pTand centre-of-mass collision energy √son the oscillations ofCjwill be discussed.
Probing Supercritical Accretion in Ultraluminous X-ray Source M82 X-1 by means of X-ray Spectral Evolution Analysis
Authors: Hafizah Izatul , Vierdayanti Kiki
Published: August 2020

We analyze the spectral evolution of ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) M82 X-1 by means of spectral fitting. We use selectedSwift/XRT data in 2014 and 2015. The flux of M82 X-1 increased by a factor of 2-3 from 2014 to 2015. Most of the data in 2015 show greater dominance of hard component than those of 2014. Due to moderate signal-to-noise ratio, we only fit each spectrum with power-law and disk blackbody model separately. The data in 2014 are better fitted with powerlaw model based on the value of reduced-chi squared. On the other hand, both powerlaw and diskbb models showed comparable re- duced chi-squared value for the data in 2015. We found that the range of spectral index for 2014 data is 1.65 < Γ < 2.08 and for 2015 data is 1.02 < Γ < 1.95 from the powerlaw model, resembling the range for that of black hole binary system at low mass accretion rate. We obtained higher innermost disk temper- ature from the disk blackbody model, 1.20 keV <Tin< 3.63 keV, compared to that of black hole binary system in the thermal state. The calculated innermost radius of the disk,Rin, varies between 0.99 to 4.89RSassuming 10M0black hole which indicates that the spectral state is not in thermal dominant state but rather we suspect that M82 X-1 exhibits greater mass accretion rate than that of the thermal dominant state.
Transverse Energy Density in High Energy Heavy Ion Collisions
Authors: Lim Kian Hwee , Chan Aik Hui , Oh Choo Hiap
Published: August 2020

A phenomenological model describing the transverse energy distribution (ET) of nuclear collisions is ﬁrst studied in detail by ﬁtting it on ET data for O-Pb collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV per nucleon obtained from the NA35 collaboration. Next, the model is used to ﬁt the ET data for Pb-Pb collisions at LHC energies of √sNN = 2.76 TeV per nucleon obtained from the ATLAS collaboration. From the ﬁts, we determine an upper bound for the energy density for Pb-Pb collisions at LHC energies of √sNN = 2.76 TeV per nucleon.
Risk of fraud classification
Authors: García Jesús Enrique , González-López Verónica Andrea , da Silva Hugo Helito , Silva Thainá Soares
Published: August 2020

In this article, we define consumers’ profiles of electricity who commit fraud. We also compare these profiles with users’ profiles not classified as fraudsters in order to determine which of these clients should receive an inspection. We present a statistically consistent method to classify clients/users as fraudsters or not, according to the profiles of previously identified fraudsters. We show that it is possible to use several characteristics to inspect the classification of fraud; those aspects are represented by the coding performed in the observed series of clients/users. In this way, several encodings can be used, and the client risk can be constructed to integrate complementary aspects. We show that the classification method has success rates that exceed 77%, which allows us to infer confidence in the methodology.
Quand la cataracte conduit à une greffe de la cornée
Authors: Bourges Jean-Louis
Published: August 2020

L’œil possède deux lentilles convergentes disposées en série : la cornée et le cristallin. Elles associent leurs puissances. L’image qui est naturellement défocalisée à l’infini, en les traversant successivement, se focalise sur la rétine pour être vue nette (Figure 1). Un œdème peut faire perdre sa transparence à la cornée tandis que le cristallin qui s’opacifie constitue la cataracte. La perte de transparence de l’une ou des deux lentilles affecte la vue significativement. Traiter la cataracte est une pratique banale. Cependant, ceci peut conduire à la perte définitive de transparence de la cornée. Il faut alors réaliser une greffe de cette dernière. Comment en vient-on parfois à cela ?
Les nouveaux éclairages et nos yeux
Authors: Torriglia Alicia , Mascarelli Frédéric , Behar-Cohen Francine
Published: August 2020

Dans la rétine, couche neurosensorielle de l’œil, les photorécepteurs transforment le signal lumineux en influx nerveux interprétable par le cerveau. Malgré sa spécialisation dans le traitement des signaux lumineux, la rétine peut subir des dommages, à la suite d’une exposition excessive à la lumière ; on parle alors de phototoxicité rétinienne. Ces dernières années, l’apparition de dispositifs d’éclairage riches en longueurs d’onde de forte énergie (ce que l’on nomme lumière bleue), remet le problème de la phototoxicité rétinienne à l’ordre du jour. Nous discutons des pathologies oculaires induites par la lumière et de la possible influence des nouvelles technologies d’éclairage sur notre santé visuelle.
Monitoring und Belastungssteuerung im Handball
Authors: Henze Alexander-Stephan , Mauch Frieder
Published: August 2020

Hintergrund Das Monitoring von Athleten ist in den letzten Jahren in den Fokus des Spitzensports und der Forschung gerückt. Das Ziel ist die Optimierung der Trainings und Belastungssteuerung. Aufgrund der erheblichen Datenmenge im zeitlichen Verlauf eines Monitorings geht der Trend in Mannschaftssportarten zur Integration einer sinnvollen Auswahl von verschiedenen Monitoringverfahren in eine Softwarelösung. Zusätzlich kommen hier Systeme zur Entscheidungsunterstützung zum Einsatz, um den Trainern eine schnelle Entscheidung im Rahmen der Trainings- und Belastungssteuerung zu ermöglichen. Dieser Artikel soll einen Überblick über die Vielzahl an eingesetzten Monitoringverfahren in Kontakt-Mannschaftssportarten geben, deren Testgütekriterien berücksichtigen und eine sinnvolle Anwendung für den Hallenhandball unter Beachtung der sportartspezifischen Anforderungen prüfen.

Methoden PubMed-basierte Literaturrecherche. Narrativer Review mit Fokus auf aktuellen Daten aus den Jahren 2010–2019.

Ergebnisse Im Hallenhandball existieren für die Athleten je nach Spielposition verschiedene Anforderungsprofile. Daher ist eine individualisierte Belastungssteuerung notwendig. Monitoringverfahren mit nachgewiesener Validität und Reliabilität sollten idealerweise in einem multivariaten Ansatz angewendet werden, um die verschiedenen Aspekte der Belastung und Beanspruchung, Erholung und Ermüdung, Wohlbefinden und Bereitschaft zu trainieren/zu spielen darzustellen. Dabei ist es wichtig, für jeden Athleten die bedeutsame Änderung in einem Monitoringverfahren zu kennen. Dieser Umstand macht eine individualisierte Herangehensweise für jeden Zielparameter unerlässlich. Es existieren sehr wenige Studien hinsichtlich der Anwendung von Monitoringverfahren bei Handballern, weder im Amateurbereich noch in einer Spitzensportumgebung. Dennoch kann anhand der Evidenz aus anderen Kontakt-Mannschaftssportarten eine Empfehlung für einen kombinierten Einsatz von Monitoringverfahren gegeben werden. Dabei sollte stets ein Kosten-Nutzen-Ansatz berücksichtigt werden.

Schlussfolgerung Es besteht Forschungsbedarf bezüglich des Einsatzes eines Athletenmonitorings im Hallenhandball. Der in diesem Artikel vorgeschlagene Monitoringansatz kann als Grundlage für Studien in einer Spitzensportumgebung genutzt werden, um in Zukunft ein zunehmend handballspezifischeres Konzept zu implementieren.
Wirkung eines homöopathischen Arzneimittels auf die klinische Symptomatik von Hunden mit atopischer Dermatitis
Authors: Boehm Teresa M. S. A. , Klinger Christoph J. , Udraite Laura , Mueller Ralf S.
Published: August 2020

Gegenstand und Ziel Ein kommerziell erhältliches Arzneimittel mit homöopathischen Inhaltsstoffen zeigte erste Erfolge bei Hunden mit atopischer Dermatitis. Ziel dieser Fallserie war, die Wirkung des Arzneimittels bei einer größeren Anzahl von Hunden mit dieser Erkrankung zu bewerten.

Material und Methoden Zehn Hunde mit atopischer Dermatitis erhielten das homöopathische Kombinationsarzneimittel täglich oral über 3 Wochen nach Herstellerangabe. Die Diagnose der atopischen Dermatitis wurde zuvor anhand von Anamnese, klinischer Untersuchung und Ausschluss von Differenzialdiagnosen gestellt. Ein Ausschluss von bakteriellen und mykotischen Hautinfektionen erfolgte durch die klinische Untersuchung und die zytologische Evaluierung von Abklatschpräparaten der Haut. Patienten mit zusätzlicher Futtermittel-allergie erhielten ab mindestens 2 Monate vor Beginn sowie während der gesamten Dauer der Studie eine Eliminationsdiät. Bei Hunden mit vermuteter oder bestätigter Flohspeichelallergie fand mindestens 1 Monat vor sowie während der Studie eine Flohprophylaxe statt. Die klinische Symptomatik wurde anhand eines validierten Juckreizscores (Pruritus Visual Analogue Scale, PVAS) und eines validierten Läsionsscores (Canine Atopic Dermatitis Lesion Index, CADLI) vor und nach der Therapie evaluiert. Zusätzlich beurteilten die Tierbesitzer die Fellqualität. Potenzielle Nebenwirkungen wurden bei dem Kontrolltermin vermerkt.

Ergebnisse Im Verlauf der Behandlung ergaben sich keine signifikanten Veränderungen der Läsionen (Wilcoxon-Test, p = 1,0), des Pruritus (gepaarter t-Test, p = 0,34) und der Fellqualität (gepaarter t-Test, p = 0,34). Nur ein Patient zeigte eine geringgradige Verbesserung des Juckreizes und der Fellqualität. Nebenwirkungen traten nicht auf.

Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz In dieser Fallserie zeigte das getestete homöopathische Arzneimittel keinen positiven Einfluss auf die klinischen Anzeichen von kaniner atopischer Dermatitis.
Listeriose beim Chinchilla als Bestandsproblem – ein Fallbericht
Authors: Stocksmeier Tanya , Köhler Kernt , Prenger-Berninghoff Ellen
Published: August 2020

Ein 6 Jahre altes, weibliches Chinchilla aus einer kleinen Kolonie in Wohnungshaltung wurde wegen Lethargie und Anorexie vorgestellt. Neben einer durch Harnanalyse diagnostizierten Ketoazidose bestand Verdacht auf Sepsis. Die symptomatische Therapie erbrachte keine Besserung und das Tier wurde euthanasiert. Anhand von histopathologischen, immunhistologischen und bakteriologischen Untersuchungen wurde eine Infektion mit Listeria monocytogenes diagnostiziert. Der Erreger war auch im Kot von 2 weiteren Tieren im Bestand nachweisbar, von denen eines starb und das andere überlebte. Der Bestand wurde antibiotisch nach Resistenztest behandelt. Am Ende der 2-monatigen Beobachtungszeit lebten noch 3 von 7 Chinchillas. Der Fallbericht beschreibt den Nachweis der Listeriose bei als Heimtier gehaltenen Chinchillas in reiner Wohnungshaltung, die Pathogenese der Erkrankung, die Möglichkeiten der Diagnostik sowie die Therapie.
Trennung der Eltern – Liegt die Hauptbelastung in der
Kumulation mit anderen Kindheitsbelastungen? Untersuchung einer
repräsentativen Stichprobe der deutschen
Bevölkerung
Authors: Clemens Vera , Plener Paul L. , Brähler Elmar , Strauß Bernhard , Fegert Jörg M.
Published: August 2020

Einleitung Belastende Kindheitserlebnisse treten oft gehäuft auf.
Je mehr Formen von Kindheitsbelastungen erlebt werden, desto höher sind
die psychischen und physischen Beeinträchtigungen im Erwachsenenalter.
Die vorliegende Studie untersucht daher, inwieweit das Erleben der elterlichen
Trennung mit dem Risiko für andere Formen von Kindheitsbelastungen
zusammenhängt und inwieweit die Kumulation von Belastungen in der
Kindheit mit Beeinträchtigungen im Erwachsenenalter
zusammenhängt.

Methoden Es erfolgte eine querschnittliche Analyse einer
repräsentativen Stichprobe der deutschen Bevölkerung ab dem 18.
Lebensjahr (N=2466; mittleres Alter=49,5 Jahre (18–93);
f: 1368 (55,5%); m: 1098 (44,5%)). Die Erfassung der
demografischen Daten erfolgte durch ein Interview, die restlichen Daten wurden
mittels Fragebögen erhoben. Die Einschätzung der depressiven und
ängstlichen Symptome und der selbsteingeschätzten somatischen
Gesundheit bezog sich auf den Untersuchungszeitpunkt, belastende
Kindheitserfahrungen wurden retrospektiv mit dem Adverse Childhood Experiences
(ACE)-Fragebogen erfasst.

Ergebnisse Kindesmisshandlung sowie psychische Erkrankung von
Haushaltsmitgliedern, Substanzmittelabusus von Haushaltsmitgliedern und
Gefängnisaufenthalt von Haushaltmitgliedern sowie Gewalt gegen die
Mutter waren häufiger, wenn die Teilnehmenden von der Trennung der
Eltern berichteten. Die Trennung der Eltern war nicht mit einer erhöhten
Rate psychischer Beeinträchtigungen und bei Frauen auch für
körperliche Beeinträchtigungen assoziiert, wenn keine anderen
Formen von Kindheitsbelastungen vorlagen.

Schlussfolgerung Kinder und Jugendliche, deren Eltern sich getrennt
haben, erleben häufiger auch weitere Formen von Kindheitsbelastungen als
Altersgenossen. Gerade diese Kumulation von belastenden Kindheitserlebnissen
scheint es zu sein, die mit Beeinträchtigungen im Erwachsenenalter
zusammenhängen.
Polymyositis mit einseitiger Lahmheit im Rahmen einer Trichinellose beim Hund
Authors: Schenk Anne M. U. , Münzing Sandra , Rönneburg Uta , Schenk Henning C. , Leipig Miriam , Matiasek Kaspar
Published: August 2020

Ein 9 Jahre alter, kastrierter Cairn-Terrier-Rüde wurde mit einer seit 3 Monaten andauernden Lahmheit der rechten Vordergliedmaße vorgestellt, die sich nicht auf eine entzündungshemmende Schmerzmedikation besserte. Laboruntersuchungen zeigten eine hochgradig erhöhte Kreatininkinaseaktivität. Mittels Röntgen, Computertomografie und Kernspintomografie ließen sich keine orthopädischen oder vaskulären Ursachen für die Lahmheit finden. Erst nach Aufarbeitung des Falls als eine neurologische oder muskulär bedingte Lahmheit anhand von Elektromyografie, Messung der Nervenleitgeschwindigkeit und histologischer Untersuchung von Muskel- und Nervenbioptaten konnte die Ursache der Lahmheit identifiziert werden. In den Muskelbioptaten wurde eine pyogranulomatöse und nekrotisierende Myositis mit Vorliegen von Nematodenlarven der Gattung Trichinella sp. nachgewiesen. Des Weiteren zeigten sich histologisch Pilze in unterschiedlichen Entwicklungsstadien, die als Mucor spp. identifiziert wurden. Die Therapie mit Albendazol und Itraconazol führte zu einer klinisch signifikanten Besserung der Symptomatik.
Perioperatives Management in der Mikrochirurgie – Konsensus-Statement der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Mikrochirurgie der peripheren Nerven und Gefäße
Authors: Wallner Christoph , Kolbenschlag Jonas , Daigeler Adrien , Stambera Peter , Andree Christoph , Rieger Ulrich Michael , Behr Björn , Schaefer Dirk Johannes , Kneser Ulrich , Lehnhardt Marcus
Published: August 2020

Das perioperative Management in der Mikrochirurgie ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil einer erfolgreichen rekonstruktiven Chirurgie. Im deutschsprachigen Raum herrschen hierzu keine einheitlichen Konzepte und die individuellen Schemata unterscheiden sich wie in der Expertenbefragung erhoben deutlich voneinander. Im Zuge der 41. Jahrestagung der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Mikrochirurgie (DAM) im November 2019 in München wurden Konzepte evaluiert, eine Befragung durchgeführt und mithilfe einer Literaturrecherche als Positionspapier zusammengefasst.
Die Auswirkungen der SARS-CoV-2-Einschränkungen auf die Patientenversorgung im Fachbereich für Plastische, Rekonstruktive und Ästhetische Chirurgie
Authors: Bernuth Silvia , Horch Raymund E. , Vater Adrian , Fuchs Konrad , Jakubietz Michael G. , Schmidt Karsten , Meffert Rainer H. , Jakubietz Rafael G.
Published: August 2020

Hintergrund Im Rahmen der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie wurde zur Bewältigung der erwarteten COVID-19-Patienten eine Reduktion der ambulanten und stationären elektiven Patientenbehandlung an den dafür vorgesehenen Kliniken gefordert. Je nach örtlichen Gegebenheiten und Versorgungsauftrag kam es während der SARS-CoV-2-Restriktionen zu unterschiedlichen Auswirkungen auf die Patientenversorgung. Betrachtet werden sollte der Anteil der notwendigen Versorgungsleistungen während der SARS-CoV-2-Restriktionen in einer Plastischen Chirurgie einer Großklinik.

Methode Untersucht wurde die OP-Auslastung einer Abteilung für Plastische Chirurgie einer universitären Klinik im Zeitraum vom 16.03.2020 bis 27.04.2020. Diese Daten wurden mit Daten desselben Zeitraumes der Jahre 2017–2019 verglichen.

Ergebnisse Auf Grund des vollständigen Stopps an elektiven Operationen kam es in dem Zeitraum der Restriktionen zu einer OP-Auslastung von 57,3 % verglichen mit den Jahren zuvor. Das Verhältnis von notfallmäßigen (2020: 56,4 %; 2017–2019: 54,9 %) und dringlichen (2020: 44,6 %; 2017–2019: 45 %) Operationen zu der Gesamtanzahl an OPs zeigte keine deutliche Veränderung. Des Weiteren zeigten sich keine ausschlaggebenden Unterschiede der verhältnismäßigen Verteilung der notfallmäßigen und dringlichen Operationen bezogen auf die Plastisch-Chirurgischen Teilbereiche, die Verletzungsursache oder den Versicherungsstatus (BG/Nicht-BG).

Zusammenfassung Auf Grund der vorliegenden Daten kann die Relevanz des Fachgebiets für die allgemeine Patientenversorgung belegt werden. Daraus ergibt sich eine eindeutige Erforderlichkeit der Vorhaltung von Plastisch-Chirurgischen OP-Kapazitäten und Infrastrukturen auch während Krisenzeiten.
Untangling Data in Precision Oncology – A Model for Chronic Diseases?
Authors: Fernández Xosé M.
Published: August 2020

Objectives: Any attempt to introduce new data types in the entangled hospital infrastructure should help to unravel old knots without tangling new ones. Health data from a wide range of sources has become increasingly available. We witness an insatiable thirst for data in oncology as treatment paradigms are shifting to targeted molecular therapies.

Methods: From nineteenth-century medical notes consisting entirely of narrative description to standardised forms recording physical examination and medical notes, we have nowadays moved to electronic health records (EHRs). All our analogue medical records are rendered as sequences of zeros and ones changing how we capture and share data. The challenge we face is to offload the analysis without entrusting a machine (or algorithms) to make major decisions about a diagnosis, a treatment, or a surgery, keeping the human oversight. Computers don’t have judgment, they lack context.

Results: EHRs have become the latest addition to our toolset to look after patients. Moore’s law and general advances in computation have contributed to make EHRs a cornerstone of Molecular Tumour Boards, presenting a detailed and unique description of a tumour and treatment options.

Conclusions: Precision oncology, as a systematic approach matching the most accurate and effective treatment to each individual cancer patient, based on a molecular profile, is already expanding to other disease areas.
Developments in Privacy and Data Ownership in Mobile Health Technologies, 2016-2019
Authors: Galvin Hannah K. , DeMuro Paul R.
Published: August 2020

Objectives: To survey international regulatory frameworks that serve to protect privacy of personal data as a human right as well as to review the literature regarding privacy protections and data ownership in mobile health (mHealth) technologies between January 1, 2016 and June 1, 2019 in order to identify common themes.

Methods: We performed a review of relevant literature available in English published between January 1, 2016 and June 1, 2019 from databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, as well as relevant legislative background material. Articles out of scope (as detailed below) were eliminated. We categorized the remaining pool of articles and discrete themes were identified, specifically: concerns around data transmission and storage, including data ownership and the ability to re-identify previously de-identified data; issues with user consent (including the availability of appropriate privacy policies) and access control; and the changing culture and variable global attitudes toward privacy of health data.

Results: Recent literature demonstrates that the security of mHealth data storage and transmission remains of wide concern, and aggregated data that were previously considered “de-identified” have now been demonstrated to be re-identifiable. Consumer-informed consent may be lacking with regard to mHealth applications due to the absence of a privacy policy and/or to text that is too complex and lengthy for most users to comprehend. The literature surveyed emphasizes improved access control strategies. This survey also illustrates a wide variety of global user perceptions regarding health data privacy.

Conclusion: The international regulatory framework that serves to protect privacy of personal data as a human right is diverse. Given the challenges legislators face to keep up with rapidly advancing technology, we introduce the concept of a “healthcare fiduciary” to serve the best interest of data subjects in the current environment.
Precision, Equity, and Public Health and Epidemiology Informatics – A Scoping Review
Authors: Buckeridge David L.
Published: August 2020

Objectives: This scoping review synthesizes the recent literature on precision public health and the influence of predictive models on health equity with the intent to highlight central concepts for each topic and identify research opportunities for the biomedical informatics community.

Methods: Searches were conducted using PubMed for publications between 2017-01-01 and 2019-12-31.

Results: Precision public health is defined as the use of data and evidence to tailor interventions to the characteristics of a single population. It differs from precision medicine in terms of its focus on populations and the limited role of human genomics. High-resolution spatial analysis in a global health context and application of genomics to infectious organisms are areas of progress. Opportunities for informatics research include (i) the development of frameworks for measuring non-clinical concepts, such as social position, (ii) the development of methods for learning from similar populations, and (iii) the evaluation of precision public health implementations. Just as the effects of interventions can differ across populations, predictive models can perform systematically differently across subpopulations due to information bias, sampling bias, random error, and the choice of the output. Algorithm developers, professional societies, and governments can take steps to prevent and mitigate these biases. However, even if the steps to avoid bias are clear in theory, they can be very challenging to accomplish in practice.

Conclusions: Both precision public health and predictive modelling require careful consideration in how subpopulations are defined and access to data on subpopulations can be challenging. While the theory for both topics has advanced considerably, there is much work to be done in understanding how to implement and evaluate these approaches in practice.
Clinical Information Systems – Seen through the Ethics Lens
Authors: Hübner Ursula H. , Egbert Nicole , Schulte Georg
Published: August 2020

Objective: The more people there are who use clinical information systems (CIS) beyond their traditional intramural confines, the more promising the benefits are, and the more daunting the risks will be. This review thus explores the areas of ethical debates prompted by CIS conceptualized as smart systems reaching out to patients and citizens. Furthermore, it investigates the ethical competencies and education needed to use these systems appropriately.

Methods: A literature review covering ethics topics in combination with clinical and health information systems, clinical decision support, health information exchange, and various mobile devices and media was performed searching the MEDLINE database for articles from 2016 to 2019 with a focus on 2018 and 2019. A second search combined these keywords with education.

Results: By far, most of the discourses were dominated by privacy, confidentiality, and informed consent issues. Intertwined with confidentiality and clear boundaries, the provider-patient relationship has gained much attention. The opacity of algorithms and the lack of explicability of the results pose a further challenge. The necessity of sociotechnical ethics education was underpinned in many studies including advocating education for providers and patients alike. However, only a few publications expanded on ethical competencies. In the publications found, empirical research designs were employed to capture the stakeholders’ attitudes, but not to evaluate specific implementations.

Conclusion: Despite the broad discourses, ethical values have not yet found their firm place in empirically rigorous health technology evaluation studies. Similarly, sociotechnical ethics competencies obviously need detailed specifications. These two gaps set the stage for further research at the junction of clinical information systems and ethics.
A Year of Papers Using Biomedical Texts:
Authors: Grouin Cyril , Grabar Natalia ,   Section Editors for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Natural Language Processing
Published: August 2020

Objectives: Analyze papers published in 2019 within the medical natural language processing (NLP) domain in order to select the best works of the field.

Methods: We performed an automatic and manual pre-selection of papers to be reviewed and finally selected the best NLP papers of the year. We also propose an analysis of the content of NLP publications in 2019.

Results: Three best papers have been selected this year including the generation of synthetic record texts in Chinese, a method to identify contradictions in the literature, and the BioBERT word representation.

Conclusions: The year 2019 was very rich and various NLP issues and topics were addressed by research teams. This shows the will and capacity of researchers to move towards robust and reproducible results. Researchers also prove to be creative in addressing original issues with relevant approaches.
Findings from the Health Information Management Section of the 2020 International Medical Informatics Association Yearbook
Authors: Bloomrosen Meryl , Berner Eta S. ,   Section Editors for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Health Information Management
Published: August 2020

Objectives: To summarize the recent literature and research and present a selection of the best papers published in 2019 in the field of Health Information Management (HIM) and Health Informatics.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed by the two section editors with the help of a medical librarian. The search through bibliographic databases for HIM-related papers was achieved using both MeSH headings and keywords in titles and abstracts. A shortlist of 15 candidate best papers was first selected by section editors before being peer-reviewed by independent external reviewers.

Results: Over half of the 15 papers addressed the issue of data quality in the electronic health record (EHR). In addition to the focus on data quality, there were papers on other topics of long-standing interest to the field of HIM. These topics include privacy, security, and confidentiality of health information, comparability of different coding vocabularies, classifications and terminologies, and the HIM workforce. Finally, there were papers on newer topics for the HIM field, including mobile Health (mHealth), EHR use by public health departments, and usability of different strategies for displaying information in the EHR.

Conclusions: Traditional HIM concerns about HIM practice and workforce as well as issues about data in the EHR including data quality, coding, and privacy and confidentiality continue to be a large part of the HIM research literature. However, newer topics which reflect innovative and emerging technologies, usability assessments, and the application of the EHR outside the traditional clinical setting are starting to appear and more research is needed on these newer areas.
Special Section on Ethics in Health Informatics
Authors: Petersen Carolyn , Subbian Vignesh ,   Section Editors Special Section on Ethics in Health Informatics of the International Medical Informatics Association Yearbook
Published: August 2020

Objective: To summarize significant research contributions on ethics in medical informatics published in 2019.

Methods: An extensive search using PubMed/Medline was conducted to identify the scientific contributions published in 2019 that address ethics issues in medical informatics. The selection process comprised three steps: 1) 15 candidate best papers were first selected by the two section editors; 2) external reviewers from internationally renowned research teams reviewed each candidate best paper; and 3) the final selection of three best papers was conducted by the editorial committee of the Yearbook.

Results: The three selected best papers explore timely issues of concern to the community and demonstrate how ethics considerations influence applied informatics.

Conclusion: With regard to ethics in informatics, data sharing and privacy remain primary areas of concern. Ethics issues related to the development and implementation of artificial intelligence is an emerging topic of interest.
Surgical Experience in Prevention of Postoperative CSF Leaks Using Abdominal Fat Grafts in Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Ahn Stephen , Park Jae-Sung , Kim Do H. , Kim Sung W. , Jeun Sin-Soo
Published: August 2020

Objective Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are the most common complication during endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal approach (EETSA) and prevention of postoperative CSF leaks is critical. In this study, we report a single surgeon's experience of sellar floor reconstruction using abdominal fat grafts for prevention of postoperative CSF leaks in EETSA for pituitary adenomas.

Study Design This study is presented as case series with retrospective chart review.

Setting Present study was conducted at tertiary referral center.

Participants A total of 216 patients who underwent surgery via EETSA for pituitary adenomas between 2008 and 2018 at our institution were evaluated. When an intraoperative CSF leak occurred, sellar floor reconstruction was performed using a fat graft harvested from the abdomen via a 2-cm skin incision.

Main Outcome Measures Primary outcome and measures of this study was postoperative CSF leaks.

Results A total of 53 patients showed intraoperative CSF leaks (24.5%) and 2 patients showed postoperative CSF leaks (0.93%). There were no postoperative CSF leaks in any patients who showed intraoperative CSF leaks and received sellar floor reconstruction using fat grafts. There were also no postoperative CSF leaks in 12 patients who received preventative sellar floor reconstruction using fat grafts due to extensive arachnoid herniation without intraoperative CSF leaks. However, there were two postoperative CSF leaks in patients who did not show intraoperative CSF leaks and did not receive sellar floor reconstruction.

Conclusion The effectiveness of sellar floor reconstruction using abdominal fat grafts in patients receiving EETSA for pituitary adenoma was reported. We suggest that identification of intraoperative CSF leaks is important and preventive sellar floor reconstruction without evidence of intraoperative CSF leaks can also be beneficial.
Severe Spinal Infection after Vertebral Fracture Stabilization: A Narrow Escape
Authors: Maurya Ved Prakash , Elangovan D. , Mourougayan V. , Ranjini M.
Published: August 2020

Spinal cord injury is typical following fall from height. The thoracolumbar vertebra undergoes maximum fracture following trauma. A 26-year-old man was brought to the emergency department with a history of fall from height. Clinical examination showed weakness in lower limbs with the inability to pass urine. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of spine done elsewhere was suggestive of loss of second lumbar (L2) vertebral body height with compression over the lower end of the cord. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the spine revealed a burst fracture of L2 vertebra with bone fragments protruding into the spinal canal. The patient was taken up for spinal decompression with stabilization. His hospital stay was uneventful, and two weeks after discharge he was readmitted with wound bulge over the operative site. We started him on intravenous antibiotics and did regular debridement of the wound. Later on, he underwent wound closure with flap rotation.

At last follow-up, he was ambulant with bladder and bowel control. During treatment, the titanium implants were left in situ. The decision for implant removal in early wound infection is at the discretion of the operating surgeon, along with the timing and nature of the disease.