bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contemporaneous crust-derived I- and S-type granite magmatism and normal faulting on Tinos, Delos, and Naxos, Greece: Constraints on Aegean orogenic collapse
Authors: Lamont Thomas N. , Roberts Nick M.W. , Searle Michael P. , Gardiner Nicholas J. , Gopon Phillip , Hsieh Yu-Te , Holdship Philip , White Richard W.
Published: February 2023

Granitoids of varying mineralogy are exposed on the Cycladic islands of Greece; they include both hornblende-bearing I-type granites and garnet ± muscovite−bearing S-type granites, suggesting heterogeneous magma sources. In this contribution, we present new field observations, major- and trace-element geochemistry, Sr-Nd isotopes, and U-Pb geochronology of granitoids from Tinos, Delos, and Naxos that provide insight into these magma sources, along with the timing of adjacent extensional structures. I-type (biotite and hornblende-biotite) granites have initial 87Sr/86Sr = 0.70956−0.71065 and εNd(t) = −6.3 to −9.3, and S-type (garnet ± tourmaline-muscovite) leucogranites have overlapping initial εNd(t) = −7.5 to −10.1, with initial 87Sr/86Sr values overlapping as well as extending to higher values (0.70621−0.73180). These isotope signatures are comparable to those of the Variscan-age Cycladic basement, but not the Hellenic arc. We suggest that both I- and S-type granites were derived via crustal anatexis of variable sources, dominantly metaigneous and metasedimentary, respectively, during the climax of Barrovian metamorphism between ca. 17 and 12 Ma, and critically, they are not related to the Hellenic subduction zone. I-type granitoids were likely derived from dehydration melting of igneous Variscan- or Cadomian-aged basement protoliths, whereas S-type leucogranites formed by muscovite dehydration melting of sedimentary protoliths. Top-to-the-(N)NE shear zones on Naxos and Tinos were active from ca. 20 to 15 Ma and are folded and cut by later low- and high-angle normal faults. S-type leucogranites at Livada Bay, Tinos, dated at ca. 14 Ma, are cut by domino-style normal faults, placing a maximum age on the timing of extension. This is similar to ca. 15−14 Ma dates from NNE-SSW horizontally boudinaged S-type granites on Naxos. We propose that the concurrent intrusion of both I- and S-type granitoids with the onset of normal faulting marked the transition from an overall compressional to an extensional stress field associated with orogenic collapse at ca. 15 Ma.
Associations of grip strength with cardiovascular, respiratory, and cancer outcomes and all cause mortality: prospective cohort study of half a million UK Biobank participants
Authors: Celis-Morales Carlos A , Welsh Paul , Lyall Donald M , Steell Lewis , Petermann Fanny , Anderson Jana , Iliodromiti Stamatina , Sillars Anne , Graham Nicholas , Mackay Daniel F , Pell Jill P , Gill Jason M R , Sattar Naveed , Gray Stuart R
Published: February 2023

Objective

To investigate the association of grip strength with disease specific incidence and mortality and whether grip strength enhances the prediction ability of an established office based risk score.

Design

Prospective population based study.

Setting

UK Biobank.

Participants

502 293 participants (54% women) aged 40-69 years.

Main outcome measures

All cause mortality as well as incidence of and mortality from cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer (all cancer, colorectal, lung, breast, and prostate).

Results

Of the participants included in analyses, 13 322 (2.7%) died over a mean of 7.1 (range 5.3-9.9) years’ follow-up. In women and men, respectively, hazard ratios per 5 kg lower grip strength were higher (all at P<0.05) for all cause mortality (1.20, 95% confidence interval 1.17 to 1.23, and 1.16, 1.15 to 1.17) and cause specific mortality from cardiovascular disease (1.19, 1.13 to 1.25, and 1.22, 1.18 to 1.26), all respiratory disease (1.31, 1.22 to 1.40, and 1.24, 1.20 to 1.28), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1.24, 1.05 to 1.47, and 1.19, 1.09 to 1.30), all cancer (1.17, 1.13 to 1.21, 1.10, 1.07 to 1.13), colorectal cancer (1.17, 1.04 to 1.32, and 1.18, 1.09 to 1.27), lung cancer (1.17, 1.07 to 1.27, and 1.08, 1.03 to 1.13), and breast cancer (1.24, 1.10 to 1.39) but not prostate cancer (1.05, 0.96 to 1.15). Several of these relations had higher hazard ratios in the younger age group. Muscle weakness (defined as grip strength <26 kg for men and <16 kg for women) was associated with a higher hazard for all health outcomes, except colon cancer in women and prostate cancer and lung cancer in both men and women. The addition of handgrip strength improved the prediction ability, based on C index change, of an office based risk score (age, sex, diabetes diagnosed, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and smoking) for all cause (0.013) and cardiovascular mortality (0.012) and incidence of cardiovascular disease (0.009).

Conclusion

Higher grip strength was associated with a range of health outcomes and improved prediction of an office based risk score. Further work on the use of grip strength in risk scores or risk screening is needed to establish its potential clinical utility.
Patient characteristics, outcomes and hospital-level healthcare costs of foreign body ingestion from an Australian, non-prison referral centre
Authors: Ngu Natalie Lee Yee , Karp Jadon , Taylor Kirstin
Published: February 2023

Objective

Foreign body ingestion (FBI) occurs infrequently but can be associated with rare risks including perforation. There is limited understanding of the impact of adult FBI in Australia. We aim to evaluate patient characteristics, outcomes and hospital costs of FBI.

Design

A retrospective cohort study of patients with FBI was performed at a non-prison referral centre in Melbourne, Australia. International Classification of Disease-10 coding identified patients with gastrointestinal FBI over financial years 2018–2021. Exclusion criteria were food bolus, medication foreign body, object in anus or rectum, or non-ingestion. Criteria for ‘emergent’ classification were oesophagus, size >6 cm, disc batteries, airway compromise, peritonitis, sepsis and/or suspected viscus perforation.

Results

Thirty-two admissions attributed to 26 patients were included. The median age was 36 years (IQR: 27–56), 58% were male and 35% had a prior psychiatric or autism spectrum disorder. There were no deaths, perforations or surgery. Gastroscopy was performed in 16 admissions and 1 was scheduled following discharge. Rat-tooth forceps were used in 31% and an overtube was used in 3 cases. The median time from presentation to gastroscopy was 673 minutes (IQR: 380–1013). Management was adherent to European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guidelines in 81%. After excluding admissions with FBI as a secondary diagnosis, median admission cost was $A1989 (IQR: $A643–$A4976) and total admission costs over the 3 years was $A84 448.

Conclusion

FBI in an Australian, non-prison referral centre is infrequent, can often be safely managed expectantly, and has limited impact on healthcare utilisation. Early, outpatient endoscopy could be considered for non-urgent cases, which may reduce costs while maintaining safety.
Clicks away from reduced healthcare expenditures: leveraging the electronic health record to reinforce education efforts
Authors: Jensen Chelsee Jo , Honsey Theresa , Thielen Michaela K , Spitale Mari S , Marlette Bethany J , Kennedy Erika , Olson Rachel L , O’Laughlin Danielle J
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Lupron 11.25 mg has both a narrow indication and a high cost compared to other Lupron presentations. Prior to our study initiation there was no clear distinction between presentations when ordering within the health-system’s Electronic Health Record (EHR). This resulted in inappropriate product selection, payment and billing errors that negatively impact our healthcare system. To reinforce prior education efforts, a new approach was considered leveraging the EHR with information to steer prescribers to the proper Lupron presentation based on indication. This study aimed to reduce off-label prescribing for Lupron 11.25 mg (NDC 00074-3663-03) by 25% by 02/28/2022 without negatively impacting the insurance collection rate.

Methods

Baseline Lupron 11.25 mg adult kit administrations one year prior to intervention and off-label prescribing was found to account for 22.7% of administrations. In December 2021 intervention order questions were added to Lupron 11.25 mg in the EHR. One and two-month data was obtained after implementing order questions within the EHR. Lupron 11.25 mg administrations were classified into one of four categories to determine impact on off-label prescribing.

Results

In the one- and two-month post-implementation periods off-label prescribing was 0% and 15.3% respectively, a reduction of 22.7% to and 7.4% respectively from the baseline assessment. There were no clinical denials found in either post-implementation reporting period.

Conclusion

This report adds to the body of evidence that leveraging the EHR can lead to healthcare savings and illustrates how patient and healthcare system burden can be reduced by prompting thought and direction when a medication has indication specific dose requirements.
Antepartum and labour-related single predictors of non-participation, dropout and lost to follow up in a randomised controlled trial comparing internet-based cognitive–behaviour therapy with treatment as usual for women with negative birth experiences and/or post-traumatic stress following childbirth
Authors: Sjömark Josefin , Svanberg Agneta , Viirman Frida , Larsson Margareta , Poromaa Inger , Skalkidou Alkistis , Jonsson Maria , Parling Thomas
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Internet-based interventions are often hampered by high dropout rates. The number of individuals who decline to participate or dropout are reported, but reasons for dropout are not. Identification of barriers to participation and predictors of dropout may help improve the efficacy of internet-based clinical trials. The aim was to investigate a large number of possible predictors for non-participation and dropout in a randomised controlled trial for women with a negative birth experience and/or post-traumatic stress following childbirth.

Setting

A childbirth clinic at a university hospital in Sweden.

Participants

The sample included 1523 women who gave birth between September 2013 and February 2018. All women who rated an overall negative birth experience on a Likert scale, and/or had an immediate caesarean section (CS), and/or severe postpartum haemorrhage (≥ 2000 mL) were eligible.

Methods

Demographic, antepartum, and labour-related/postpartum predictors were investigated for non-participation (eligible but denied participation), pre-treatment dropout (prior to intervention start), treatment dropout, and loss to follow-up. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used in the data analysis.

Results

A majority (80.3 %) were non-participants. Non-participation was predicted by lower level of education, being foreign-born, no experience of counselling for fear of childbirth, multiparity, vaginal delivery (vs CS and vacuum-assisted delivery) and absence of: preeclampsia, anal sphincter injury and intrapartum fetal distress. Pretreatment dropout was predicted by the absence of severe haemorrhage. Treatment dropout was predicted by vaginal delivery (vs immediate CS), vertex presentation and good overall birth experience. Loss to follow-up was predicted by vaginal delivery (vs immediate CS or vacuum-assisted delivery) and absence of intrapartum fetal distress.

Conclusions

Mothers with no obstetric complications were more likely to not participate and dropout at different time points. Both demographic, antepartum and obstetrical variables are important to attend to while designing procedures to maximise participation in internet-delivered cognitive–behavioral therapy.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN39318241
Outcome measures for children with speech sound disorder: an umbrella review protocol
Authors: Harding Sam , Burr Sam , Cleland Joanne , Stringer Helen , Wren Yvonne
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Speech sound disorder (SSD) describes a ‘persistent difficulty with speech sound production that interferes with speech intelligibility or prevents verbal communication’. There is a need to establish which care pathways are most effective and efficient for children with SSD. Comparison of care pathways requires clearly defined, evidence-based interventions and agreement on how to measure the outcomes. At present, no list of assessments, interventions or outcomes exists.

The objective of this paper is to provide a rigorous and detailed protocol for an umbrella review of assessments, interventions and outcomes that target SSD in children. The protocol details the development of a search strategy and trial of an extraction tool.

Methods and analyses

The umbrella review has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022316284). Papers included can use a review methodology of any sort but must include children of any age, with an SSD of unknown origin. In accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methods guidelines, an initial search of the Ovid Emcare and Ovid Medline databases was conducted. Following this, a final search strategy for these databases were produced. A draft extraction form was developed.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not needed for an umbrella review protocol. Following the systematic development of an initial search strategy and extraction form, an umbrella review of this topic can take place. Dissemination of findings will be through peer-reviewed publications, social media, and patient and public engagement.
Mechanical thrombectomy for the treatment of primary and secondary distal medium-vessel occlusion stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rodriguez-Calienes Aaron , Vivanco-Suarez Juan , Sequeiros Joel M , Galecio-Castillo Milagros , Zevallos Cynthia B , Farooqui Mudassir , Ortega-Gutierrez Santiago
Published: February 2023

Background

There is limited evidence on the indication and role of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with distal medium-vessel occlusions (DMVOs). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate all the evidence available on the efficacy and safety of MT techniques (stent retriever, aspiration) in primary and secondary DMVOs.

Methods

Five databases were searched from inception to January 2023 for studies of MT in primary and secondary DMVOs. Outcomes of interest included favorable functional outcome (90-day modified Rankin scale (mRS) 0–2), successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) 2b-3), symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), and 90-day mortality. Prespecified subgroup meta-analyses according to the specific MT technique and to the vascular territory (distal M2-M5, A2-A5, P2-P5) were also performed.

Results

A total of 29 studies with 1262 patients were included. For primary DMVOs (n=971 patients), pooled rates of successful reperfusion, favorable outcome, 90-day mortality and sICH were 84% (95% confidence interval (CI) 76 to 90%), 64% (95% CI 54 to 72%), 12% (95% CI 8 to 18%), and 6% (95% CI 4 to 10%), respectively. For secondary DMVOs (n=291 patients), pooled rates of successful reperfusion, favorable outcome, 90-day mortality and sICH were 82% (95% CI 73 to 88%), 54% (95% CI 39 to 69%), 11% (95% CI 5 to 20%), and 3% (95% CI 1 to 9%), respectively. Subgroup analyses by MT technique and by vascular territory showed no differences in primary and secondary DMVOs.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that MT using aspiration or stent retriever techniques appears to be effective and safe in primary and secondary DMVOs. However, given the level of evidence of our results, further confirmation in well-designed randomized controlled trials is needed.
Production of tensor glueball in ultraperipheral pp, AuAu and PbPb collisions
Authors: Kou Wei , Chen Xurong
Published: February 2023

In this work, we discuss the production of a tensor glueball in the proton–proton and nuclei–nuclei ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs). The cross section is calculated in the equivalent photon approximation (EPA). The total UPCs cross section is related to the matrix elements of $$\gamma \gamma \rightarrow \pi ^0 G_2$$

γ
γ
→

π
0

G
2

process, which can be described in terms of the neutral pion and tensor glueball $$G_2$$

G
2

’s distribution amplitudes. The predictions for the rapidity distributions of UPCs cross sections and total cross sections are presented. The theoretical uncertainty of the whole calculation is considered. We consider the decay modes of the final-state tensor glueball and estimate the corresponding number of events. We estimate that there are about 10 tensor glueball $$G_2\rightarrow \phi \phi $$

G
2

→
ϕ
ϕ

signal events in PbPb collisions at the LHC. We also argue that the lead–lead UPC experiments at future HE-LHC and FCC experiments will provide larger opportunities to measure tensor glueballs.
Reinterpreting deformed Heisenberg algebras
Authors: Wagner Fabian
Published: February 2023

Minimal and maximal uncertainties of position measurements are widely considered possible hallmarks of low-energy quantum as well as classical gravity. While General Relativity describes interactions in terms of spatial curvature, its quantum analogue may also extend to the realm of curved momentum space as suggested, e.g. in the context of Relative Locality in Deformed Special Relativity. Drawing on earlier work, we show in an entirely Born reciprocal, i.e. position and momentum space covariant, way that the quadratic Generalized Extended Uncertainty principle can alternatively be described in terms of quantum dynamics on a general curved cotangent manifold. In the case of the Extended Uncertainty Principle the curvature tensor in position space is proportional to the noncommutativity of the momenta, while an analogous relation applies to the curvature tensor in momentum space and the noncommutativity of the coordinates for the Generalized Uncertainty Principle. In the process of deriving this map, the covariance of the approach constrains the admissible models to an interesting subclass of noncommutative geometries which has not been studied before. Furthermore, we reverse the approach to derive general anisotropically deformed uncertainty relations from general background geometries. As an example, this formalism is applied to (anti)-de Sitter spacetime.
The ELBE infrared and THz facility at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
Authors: Helm M. , Winnerl S. , Pashkin A. , Klopf J. M. , Deinert J.-C. , Kovalev S. , Evtushenko P. , Lehnert U. , Xiang R. , Arnold A. , Wagner A. , Schmidt S. M. , Schramm U. , Cowan T. , Michel P.
Published: February 2023

The coherent infrared and THz sources driven by the superconducting electron accelerator ELBE are described. The present status of the facility is summarized and a few scientific highlights are mentioned. Finally plans for a successor facility (Dresden Advanced Light Infrastructure, DALI) are outlined along with the most important scientific and technological challenges.

Graphical abstract
Tunable bandgaps of chiral phononic crystal with liquid crystal elastomer
Authors: Qin Jiangyi , Wang Kai , Xu Na , Yang Shuai , Zhou Xiaoliang
Published: February 2023

As a kind of new intelligent materials, liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) has attracted widespread interest. In this paper, we introduce LCE into chiral phononic crystal (CPC), and investigate the properties of band structures based on the iterative calculation method. The effects of dextral bending angle, chiral geometric parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and the director rotation angle on bandgaps are mainly discussed. This work is a meaningful try for application of LCE in acoustic field and propose a new strategy in designing of PC with tunable bandgaps.
Multi-Class Facial Emotion Recognition Using Hybrid Dense Squeeze Network
Authors: Kalimuthu M. , Sreethar S. , Murugesan Ramya , Nandhagopal N.
Published: February 2023

Automatic facial expression recognition (FER) is utilized in various applications like psychoanalysis, intelligent driving, robot manufacturing, etc. Numerous researchers have been looking for better techniques to improve the accuracy of FER. In fact, FER under laboratory conditions has almost achieved top accuracy. Besides, label deviations or errors caused by annotators’ subjectivity also make the FER task much tougher. Thus, more and more researchers begin to find new ways to handle with the FER problems. In this work, a new deep learning (DL) model called dense squeeze network with improved red deer optimization (DenseSNet_IRDO) is proposed for the recognition of facial emotions. The steps used for FER are pre-processing, fused deep feature extraction-selection and classification. Initially, the facial images are pre-processed using improved trilateral filter (ITF) for improving the quality of images. Next, the fusion of feature extraction and selection is performed using the DenseSNet. Here the extraction of deep features is done with the dense network and the relevant features are selected with the squeeze network. Finally, the last layer of squeeze network performs the classification of various facial emotions. Here, the loss in the classification is optimized using IRDO. This DenseSNet_IRDO architecture is more robust and avoids overfitting that occurs while training the small dataset. The datasets used in this work are CK[Formula: see text], JAFEE and FERFIN. The proposed FER classification using datasets CK[Formula: see text], JAFEE and FERFIN with DenseSNet_IRDO model achieved the accuracy of 99.91%, 99.90% and 99.89%, respectively. Thus, the proposed DenseSNet_IRDO classifier model obtained higher accuracy in the detection of FER than other methods.
Quantum invariant congruence for periodic links
Authors: Kim Joonoh , Kim Kyoung-Tark
Published: February 2023

In this study, we introduce new criteria for a given link to detect the non-[Formula: see text]-periodicity for a prime [Formula: see text]. For this we use a congruence of the quantum [Formula: see text]-invariant of periodic links. Our result is naturally consistent with Traczyk’s criterion and Przytycki’s criterion, and can be regarded as a generalization of these classical criteria. We shall give computational results of all the (alternating and non-alternating) knots of crossing number [Formula: see text] for their non-[Formula: see text]-periodicity ([Formula: see text]). The computational results also show that our criteria has somewhat different nature with the classical criterion of Murasugi.
STUDIES ON PHYSICAL, MICRO-STRUCTURAL, AND SLURRY EROSION BEHAVIOR OF COLD-SPRAYED Ni–20Cr+TiC+Re COATINGS ON SA516 STEEL FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS
Authors: SINGH YADVINDER , SHARMA SHUBHAM , SINGH GURPREET , SINGH GURSHARAN , SINGH JUJHAR , DWIVEDI SHASHI PRAKASH , SINGH SUNPREET , KUMAR RANVIJAY , CHATTOPADHYAYA S. , LI CHANGHE
Published: February 2023

In this paper, three kinds of Ni–20Cr coatings were deposited on SA516 substrate steel by cold-sprayed coating technique. Physical properties (such as hardness, surface roughness, and residual stress) and slurry erosion behavior (with impingement angles of 30∘ and 90∘) of cold-sprayed substrates have been evaluated. Moreover, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination has been performed to evaluate the morphological characterization of various coatings. It has been found that the residual stresses induced in the coated specimens exhibited compressive nature. Further, micro-hardness and surface roughness was observed to proliferate with the incorporation of titanium carbide (TiC) and rhenium (Re) in Ni–Cr coatings. Micro-hardness for Ni–20Cr+TiC and Ni–20Cr+TiC+Re was observed at 233.67 and 278.9 Hv, respectively, where Surface roughness for Ni–20Cr+TiC and Ni–20Cr+TiC+Re was observed at 9.86 and 11.68[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m, respectively. All types of Ni–20Cr coatings were quite efficient in reducing the erosion rate of the SA516 steel as compared to uncoated SA516 and most prominent of all was Ni–20Cr+Tic+Re coating. It was observed that at 30∘, weight loss for Ni–20Cr, Ni–20Cr+TiC and Ni–20Cr+TiC+Re was up to 0.00027, 0.00015 and 0.00012 g/mm2, whereas at 90∘, weight loss was for Ni–20Cr, Ni–20Cr+TiC and Ni–20Cr+TiC+Re was up to 0.00024, 0.00014 and 0.00012 g/mm2.
Differential subordination for analytic and meromorphic multivalent functions
Authors: Madhumitha S. , Ravichandran V.
Published: February 2023

Certain differential subordination implications for multivalent functions defined on the unit disc [Formula: see text] and meromorphic multivalent functions on the punctured unit disc [Formula: see text] are established. The results obtained generalize several earlier known results on differential inequalities.
The forcing geodetic global domination number of a graph
Authors: Selvi V. , Sujin Flower V.
Published: February 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a connected graph and [Formula: see text] be a minimum geodetic global dominating set of [Formula: see text]. A subset [Formula: see text] is called a forcing subset for [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] is the unique minimum geodetic global dominating set containing [Formula: see text]. A forcing subset for [Formula: see text] of minimum cardinality is a minimum forcing subset of [Formula: see text]. The forcing geodetic global domination number of [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is the cardinality of a minimum forcing subset of S. The forcing geodetic global domination number of [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is [Formula: see text], where the minimum is taken over all minimum geodetic global dominating sets [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text]. The forcing geodetic global domination number of some standard graphs are determined. Some of its general properties are studied. It is shown that for every pair of positive integers a and b with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], there exists a connected graph [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The geodetic global domination number of join of graphs is also studied. Connected graphs of order [Formula: see text] with geodetic global domination number 2 are characterized. It is proved that, for a connected graph [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]. Then [Formula: see text] and characterized connected graphs for which the lower and the upper bounds are sharp.
Further results on (total) restrained Italian domination
Authors: Ridha Abdulhasan A. M. , Mojdeh D. A.
Published: February 2023

An Italian dominating function on a graph [Formula: see text] is defined as a function [Formula: see text] satisfying the condition that every vertex [Formula: see text] for which [Formula: see text] is adjacent to at least one vertex [Formula: see text] for which [Formula: see text] or at least two vertices [Formula: see text] for which [Formula: see text]. The weight of an Italian dominating function is [Formula: see text]. The Italian domination number is the minimum weight taken over all Italian dominating functions of [Formula: see text] and denoted by [Formula: see text]. Three domination parameters related to the Italian dominating function are total Italian, restrained Italian, and total restrained Italian dominating function.

A total ((restrained) (total restrained)) Italian dominating function [Formula: see text] is an Italian dominating function if the set of vertices with positive label ((the set of vertices with label [Formula: see text]), (at the same time, the set of vertices with positive label and the set of vertices with label [Formula: see text])) induces ((induces) (induce)) a subgraph with no isolated vertex. A minimum weight of any total ((restrained) (total restrained)) Italian dominating function [Formula: see text] is called a total ((restrained) (total restrained)) Italian domination number denoted by [Formula: see text], (([Formula: see text]) ([Formula: see text])). We initiate the study of parameters, restrained and total restrained Italian domination number of a graph [Formula: see text] and the middle graph of [Formula: see text]. For the family of standard graphs, we obtain the exact value of these parameters. For arbitrary graph [Formula: see text], we obtain the sharp bounds of these parameters, and for some corona graphs, we establish the precise value of these parameters.
ARIES ST Radar: The First Central Himalayan Wind Profiler
Authors: Bhattacharjee Samaresh , Naja Manish , Jaiswal Aditya , Rawat Kishan Singh , Sagar Ram , Ananthakrishnan S.
Published: February 2023

Recently, a 206.5[Formula: see text]MHz Stratosphere Troposphere (ST) Radar system was successfully installed and made operationalized at Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES) (29.4N, 79.2E, 1793[Formula: see text]m amsl), Nainital, India. It is the first such unique observational facility located in the central Himalayan region and will play an important role in understanding the meteorological conditions of the region that has a vital role in atmospheric studies in South Asia. The entire ST radar system is indigenously built and installed in a compact 30[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m two-storey building, making maximum use of the available space in the hilly terrain. A metal fence of 3.5–4[Formula: see text]m height was designed and installed along the perimeter of the array to attenuate the clutter returns from the nearby mountains with the shielding efficiency 22–25[Formula: see text]dB. Since its operation, the radar has obtained useful data of neutral atmosphere, precipitation, convection, and hailstorm events for scientific research. The technical details of different sub-systems, radar integration and calibration methodology are presented here. A dedicated off-line GUI based data processing tool has been developed and is being used for the data analysis. A comparison of wind components derived from ARIES ST Radar with collocated GPS-radiosonde observations indicates a good agreement with correlation coefficients for zonal (0.92), meridional (0.76), wind speed (0.86), and wind direction (0.7). The change in wind patterns is demonstrated up to a height of about 31[Formula: see text]km amsl and the tropopause was marked to be at 16–17[Formula: see text]km on 2020 June 20. A dramatic reversal of winds from westerly (below the tropopause) to easterly (above the tropopause) was also observed. ARIES ST Radar could capture the signature of the precipitation in addition to neutral air in the same Doppler spectrum and the height of the starting point of precipitation is identified to be [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]km. This ability to detect atmospheric scattering from both neutral wind (Bragg) and precipitation (Rayleigh) in the same spectrum makes the 200[Formula: see text]MHz band radar a unique instrument in the wind profiler application for atmospheric research.
Projecting the Electricity Demand of the Residential Sector in Thailand During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kaewfak Kwanjira , Chinda Thanwadee
Published: February 2023

The residential sector in Thailand has been a fast-growing energy consumption sector since 1995 at a rate of 6% per year. This sector makes a significant contribution to Thailand’s rising electricity demand especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study projects Thailand’s residential electricity consumption characteristics and the factors affecting the growth of electricity consumption using a system dynamics (SD) modeling approach to forecast long-term electricity consumption in Thailand. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown can be seen as a forced social experiment, with the findings demonstrating how to use resources under particular circumstances. Four key factors affecting the electricity demand used in the SD model development include (1) work and study from home, (2) socio-demographic, (3) temperature changing, and (4) rise of GDP. Secondary and primary data, through questionnaire survey method, were used as data input for the model. The simulation results reveal that changing behavior on higher-wattage appliances has huge impacts on overall electricity consumption. The pressure to work and study at home contributes to rises of electricity consumption in the residential sector during and after COVID-19 pandemic. The government and related agencies may use the study results to plan for the electricity supply in the long term.
Assessments of Variational Autoencoder in Protein Conformation Exploration
Authors: Xiao Sian , Song Zilin , Tian Hao , Tao Peng
Published: February 2023

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been extensively used to study protein dynamics and subsequently functions. However, MD simulations are often insufficient to explore adequate conformational space for protein functions within reachable timescales. Accordingly, many enhanced sampling methods, including variational autoencoder (VAE) based methods, have been developed to address this issue. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using VAE to assist in the exploration of protein conformational landscapes. Using three modeling systems, we showed that VAE could capture high-level hidden information which distinguishes protein conformations. These models could also be used to generate new physically plausible protein conformations for direct sampling in favorable conformational spaces. We also found that VAE worked better in interpolation than extrapolation and increasing latent space dimension could lead to a trade-off between performances and complexities.
Semantic Tagging for the Urdu Language: Annotated Corpus and Multi-Target Classification Methods
Authors: Shafi Jawad , Adeel Nawab Rao Muhammad , Rayson Paul
Published: February 2023

Extracting and analysing meaning-related information from natural language data has attracted the attention of researchers in various fields, such as natural language processing, corpus linguistics, information retrieval, and data science. An important aspect of such automatic information extraction and analysis is the annotation of language data using semantic tagging tools. Different semantic tagging tools have been designed to carry out various levels of semantic analysis, for instance, named entity recognition and disambiguation, sentiment analysis, word sense disambiguation, content analysis, and semantic role labelling. Common to all of these tasks, in the supervised setting, is the requirement for a manually semantically annotated corpus, which acts as a knowledge base from which to train and test potential word and phrase-level sense annotations. Many benchmark corpora have been developed for various semantic tagging tasks, but most are for English and other European languages. There is a dearth of semantically annotated corpora for the Urdu language, which is widely spoken and used around the world. To fill this gap, this study presents a large benchmark corpus and methods for the semantic tagging task for the Urdu language. The proposed corpus contains 8,000 tokens in the following domains or genres: news, social media, Wikipedia, and historical text (each domain having 2K tokens). The corpus has been manually annotated with 21 major semantic fields and 232 sub-fields with the USAS (UCREL Semantic Analysis System) semantic taxonomy which provides a comprehensive set of semantic fields for coarse-grained annotation. Each word in our proposed corpus has been annotated with at least one and up to nine semantic field tags to provide a detailed semantic analysis of the language data, which allowed us to treat the problem of semantic tagging as a supervised multi-target classification task. To demonstrate how our proposed corpus can be used for the development and evaluation of Urdu semantic tagging methods, we extracted local, topical and semantic features from the proposed corpus and applied seven different supervised multi-target classifiers to them. Results show an accuracy of 94% on our proposed corpus which is free and publicly available to download.
Empirical Review of Various Thermography-based Computer-aided Diagnostic Systems for Multiple Diseases
Authors: Gupta Trasha , Jindal Rajni , Sreedevi Indu
Published: February 2023

The lifestyle led by today’s generation and its negligence towards health is highly susceptible to various diseases. Developing countries are at a higher risk of mortality due to late-stage presentation, inaccessible diagnosis, and high-cost treatment. Thermography-based technology, aided with machine learning, for screening inflammation in the human body is non-invasive and cost-wise appropriate. It requires very little equipment, especially in rural areas with limited facilities. Recently, Thermography-based monitoring has been deployed worldwide at various organizations and public gathering points as a first measure of screening COVID-19 patients. In this article, we systematically compare the state-of-the-art feature extraction approaches for analyzing thermal patterns in the human body, individually and in combination, on a platform using three publicly available Datasets of medical thermal imaging, four Feature Selection methods, and four well-known Classifiers, and analyze the results. We developed and used a two-level sampling method for training and testing the classification model. Among all the combinations considered, the classification model with Unified Feature-Sets gave the best performance for all the datasets. Also, the experimental results show that the classification accuracy improves considerably with the use of feature selection methods. We obtained the best performance with a features subset of 45, 57, and 39 features (from Unified Feature Set) with a combination of mRMR and SVM for DB-DMR-IR and DB-FOOT-IR and a combination of ReF and RF for DB-THY-IR. Also, we found that for all the feature subsets, the features obtained are relevant, non-redundant, and distinguish normal and abnormal thermal patterns with the accuracy of 94.75% on the DB-DMR-IR dataset, 93.14% on the DB-FOOT-IR dataset, and 92.06% on the DB-THY-IR dataset.
Performance Analysis of Work Stealing Strategies in Large-Scale Multithreaded Computing
Authors: Kielanski Grzegorz , Van Houdt Benny
Published: February 2023

Distributed systems use randomized work stealing to improve performance and resource utilization. In most prior analytical studies of randomized work stealing, jobs are considered to be sequential and are executed as a whole on a single server. In this article, we consider a homogeneous system of servers where parent jobs spawn child jobs that can feasibly be executed in parallel. When an idle server probes a busy server in an attempt to steal work, it may either steal a parent job or multiple child jobs.

To approximate the performance of this system, we introduce a Quasi-Birth-Death Markov chain and express the performance measures of interest via its unique steady state. We perform simulation experiments that suggest that the approximation error tends to zero as the number of servers in the system becomes large. To further support this observation, we introduce a mean field model and show that its unique fixed point corresponds to the steady state of the Quasi-Birth-Death Markov chain. Using numerical experiments, we compare the performance of various simple stealing strategies as well as optimized strategies.
Mechanisms of Photothermalization in Plasmonic Nanostructures: Insights into the Steady State
Authors: Wu Shengxiang , Sheldon Matthew
Published: February 2023

Localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) in metallic nanostructures result in subwavelength optical confinement that enhances light–matter interactions, for example, aiding the sensitivity of surface spectroscopies. The dissipation of surface plasmons as electronic and vibrational excitations sets the limit for field confinement but also provides opportunities for photochemistry, photocatalysis, and photothermal heating. Optimization for either goal requires a deeper understanding of this photothermalization process. In this review, we focus on recent insights into the physics and dynamics governing photothermalization of LSPRs in metallic nanostructures, emphasizing comparisons between the steady-state behavior and ultrafast time-resolved studies. The differences between these regimes inform how to best optimize plasmonic systems for applications under relatively low-intensity, continuous illumination (e.g., sunlight).
Ultrafast Dynamics of Photosynthetic Light Harvesting: Strategies for Acclimation Across Organisms
Authors: Fiebig Olivia C. , Harris Dvir , Wang Dihao , Hoffmann Madeline P. , Schlau-Cohen Gabriela S.
Published: February 2023

Photosynthetic light harvesting exhibits near-unity quantum efficiency. The high efficiency is achieved through a series of energy and charge transfer steps within a network of pigment-containing proteins. Remarkably, high efficiency is conserved across many organisms despite differences in the protein structures and organization that allow each organism to respond to its own biological niche and the stressors within. In this review, we highlight recent progress toward understanding how organisms maintain optimal light-harvesting ability by acclimating to their environment. First, we review the building blocks of photosynthetic light harvesting, energy transfer, and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques. Then, we explore how three classes of photosynthetic organisms—purple bacteria, cyanobacteria, and green plants—optimize their light-harvesting apparatuses to their particular environment. Overall, research has shown that photosynthetic energy transfer is robust to changing environmental conditions, with each organism utilizing its own strategies to optimize photon capture in its particular biological niche.
Circular RNA_HIPK3‐Targeting miR‐93‐5p Regulates KLF9 Expression Level to Control Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Zhengbiao Zha , Liang Chen , Zhi Zheng , Youmin Pan
Published: February 2023

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome caused by various reasons that results in the rapid decline of renal function in a short period of time. Severe AKI can lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Circular RNA HIPK3 (circHIPK3) derived from the HIPK3 gene is involved in multiple inflammatory processes. The present research was performed to explore the function of circHIPK3 on AKI. The AKI model was established by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in C57BL/6 mice or hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in HK‐2 cells. The function and mechanism of circHIPK3 on AKI were explored via biochemical index measurement; hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining; 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT); flow cytometry; enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); western blot; quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR); detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP); and luciferase reporter assays. circHIPK3 was upregulated in kidney tissues of I/R‐induced mice and in H/R‐treated HK‐2 cells, while the microRNA‐ (miR‐) 93‐5p level was decreased in H/R‐stimulated HK‐2 cells. Furthermore, circHIPK3 silencing or miR‐93‐5p overexpression could reduce the level of proinflammatory factors and oxidative stress and recover the cell viability in H/R‐stimulated HK‐2 cells. Meanwhile, the luciferase assay showed that Krüppel‐like transcription factor 9 (KLF9) was the downstream target of miR‐93‐5p. Forced expression of KLF9 blocked the function of miR‐93‐5p on H/R‐treated HK‐2 cells. Knockdown of circHIPK3 improved the renal function and reduced the apoptosis level in vivo. In conclusion, circHIPK3 knockdown alleviated oxidative stress and apoptosis and inhibited inflammation in AKI via miR‐93‐5p‐mediated downregulation of the KLF9 signal pathway.
Binding Investigation of Some Important Metal Ions Copper (I), Nickel (II), and Aluminium (III) with Bovine Serum Albumin Using Valid Spectroscopic Techniques
Authors: Alhazmi Hassan A. , Alam Md Shamsher , Albratty Mohammed , Najmi Asim , Abdulhaq Ahmed A. , Hassani Rym , Ahsan Waquar , Qramish Abdulrahman N.
Published: February 2023

Studies based on the interaction of metals with proteins resulted in the development of promising metal-based compounds with encouraging medicinal potential. This study was aimed to utilize FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques to analyze the interactions of biologically significant metal ions, such as Al3+, Ni+2, and Cu+, with bovine serum albumin (BSA). Different concentrations of metal ions were interacted with BSA, and the complexes were analyzed using the two techniques. The change in the BSA secondary structure components such as β-sheet, β-antiparallel, α-helix, β-turn, and random coil were analyzed using second derivative resolution enhancement. The FT-IR spectroscopy suggested a marked decrease in the C=O stretching (corresponding to amide I) and C=N stretching (corresponding to amide II) intensities. Interestingly, upon complexation, a marked reduction (22.58–29.03%) in the α-helical component was observed with a considerable increase in the random coil component. The intensity of the absorption peak of BSA obtained using UV was observed to increase consecutively as the concentration of Cu+, Al3+, and Ni2+ ions increased. The binding constants for the BSA-Cu+, BSA-Ni+2, and BSA-Al+3 complexes were calculated to be 3.46 × 104 M−1, 1.28 × 104 M−1, and 2.08 × 104 M−1, respectively. It was concluded that the binding interaction decreased in the order Cu+ > Al3+ > Ni2+. These findings were similar to our previous findings using affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE). Therefore, it can be inferred that the FT-IR and UV techniques might be utilised effectively to assess the metal-protein interaction and can have wide application in routine analysis. These techniques have several advantages in being simple, easy-to-perform, rapid, and affordable over other high-end techniques.
Evaluation of Priority Fodder Trees for Leaf Yield and Nutritional Value at Arba Minch, Ethiopia
Authors: Adane Habtamnesh , Anjulo Agena
Published: February 2023

Tree fodder is an important supplement to livestock feed particularly where the shortage of palatable herbaceous biomass affects the animal production in dry seasons. In Arba Minch and nearby semiarid parts of southern Ethiopia, lopping and feeding tree fodder is becoming a common practice to increase livestock productivity. However, knowledge of the fodder species’ biomass productive potential and their nutritional content along with their digestibility is limited. Hence, this study investigated leaf yield, nutritional value, and chemical composition including mineral profile and in vitro dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) degradability of these three browse tree species viz., Dendrocalamus giganteus, Balanites aegyptiaca, and Terminalia brownii. These are commonly used trees for lopping branches and harvesting fodder in Arba Minch, southern Ethiopia. The leaf yield of the trees was assessed based on the uniformity in tree parameters such as height, diameter at breast height, and crown spread. Samples of tree leaves were analysed for chemical composition using standard procedures. The results indicated that fodder yield lopped from all branches was 25.92 kg·DM/five culms for D. giganteus, 19.60 kg·DM/tree for B. aegyptiaca, and 22.53 kg·DM/tree for T. brownii. The crude protein (CP) content was 69.3 g/kg·DM, 113.2 g/kg·DM, 102.6 g/kg·DM, and 122.7 g/kg·DM for the forage hay, D. giganteus, B. aegyptiaca, and T. brownii, respectively. Among the studied browse species, Terminalia brownii leaf fodder constitutes greater potential to supply CP, IVDMD (48.43%), and IVOMD (56.39%) for ruminants. Mineral contents of the trees fodder were also in the suitable optimal range to support ruminant livestock performance except for zinc which was below the recommended level.