bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Realistic mossy fiber input patterns to unipolar brush cells evoke a continuum of temporal responses comprised of components mediated by different glutamate receptors
Authors: Huson Vincent , Regehr Wade G
Published: November 2024

Unipolar brush cells (UBCs) are excitatory interneurons in the cerebellar cortex that receive mossy fiber (MF) inputs and excite granule cells. The UBC population responds to brief burst activation of MFs with a continuum of temporal transformations, but it is not known how UBCs transform the diverse range of MF input patterns that occur
in vivo
. Here we use cell-attached recordings from UBCs in acute cerebellar slices to examine responses to MF firing patterns that are based on
in vivo
recordings. We find that MFs evoke a continuum of responses in the UBC population, mediated by three different types of glutamate receptors that each convey a specialized component. AMPARs transmit timing information for single stimuli at up to 5 spikes/s, and for very brief bursts. A combination of mGluR2/3s (inhibitory) and mGluR1s (excitatory) mediates a continuum of delayed, and broadened responses to longer bursts, and to sustained high frequency activation. Variability in the mGluR2/3 component controls the time course of the onset of firing, and variability in the mGluR1 component controls the duration of prolonged firing. We conclude that the combination of glutamate receptor types allows each UBC to simultaneously convey different aspects of MF firing. These findings establish that UBCs are highly flexible circuit elements that provide diverse temporal transformations that are well suited to contribute to specialized processing in different regions of the cerebellar cortex.
Hierarchical multi-label classification model for science and technology news based on heterogeneous graph semantic enhancement
Authors: Cheng Quan , Cheng Jingyi , Chen Jian , Liu Shaojun
Published: November 2024

In the context of high-quality economic development, technological innovation has emerged as a fundamental driver of socio-economic progress. The consequent proliferation of science and technology news, which acts as a vital medium for disseminating technological advancements and policy changes, has attracted considerable attention from technology management agencies and innovation organizations. Nevertheless, online science and technology news has historically exhibited characteristics such as limited scale, disorderliness, and multi-dimensionality, which is extremely inconvenient for users of deep application. While single-label classification techniques can effectively categorize textual information, they face challenges in leading science and technology news classification due to a lack of a hierarchical knowledge framework and insufficient capacity to reveal knowledge integration features. This study proposes a hierarchical multi-label classification model for science and technology news, enhanced by heterogeneous graph semantics. The model captures multi-dimensional themes and hierarchical structural features within science and technology news through a hierarchical transmission module. It integrates graph convolutional networks to extract node information and hierarchical relationships from heterogeneous graphs, while also incorporating prior knowledge from domain knowledge graphs to address data scarcity. This approach enhances the understanding and classification capabilities of the semantics of science and technology news. Experimental results demonstrate that the model achieves precision, recall, and F1 scores of 84.21%, 88.89%, and 86.49%, respectively, significantly surpassing baseline models. This research presents an innovative solution for hierarchical multi-label classification tasks, demonstrating significant application potential in addressing data scarcity and complex thematic classification challenges.
The influence of parenting styles and coping strategies on anxiety symptoms in adolescents: a comparative study of groups with and without non-suicidal self-injury behavior
Authors: Liu Lingjiang , Hu Xinhui , Xie Huabing , Hu Changzhou , Zhou Dongsheng , Zhang Jie , Kong Yangjian , Cheng Fang
Published: November 2024

Background

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the global incidence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been increasing year by year, especially among adolescents, and it is highly correlated with the level of anxiety among teenagers, particularly within Chinese cultural contexts where parenting styles significantly influence adolescent behavior.

Objective

This study examines the role of culturally-influenced parenting styles and adolescent coping strategies in relation to anxiety and NSSI behavior, aiming to clarify these multivariate interactions for better understanding and intervention.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted with NSSI-diagnosed adolescents from Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, China, and healthy adolescents from urban schools. Data on background, parenting styles, coping strategies, and anxiety levels were analyzed using chi-square tests, independent sample t-tests, MANOVA, and regression analysis.

Results

Adolescents with NSSI reported higher anxiety levels, more punishment and interference, and less emotional warmth from their fathers compared to the non-NSSI group (p < 0.001). The NSSI group also relied more on emotion-oriented coping strategies, while the non-NSSI group favored problem-oriented approaches (p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses confirmed significant effects of NSSI behavior, parenting styles, and coping strategies on anxiety levels.

Conclusion

This study found that the anxiety levels of NSSI adolescents were significantly higher than those of non-NSSI adolescents in China, which was closely related to less emotional warmth from parents, more punishment and interference, and emotion-focused coping strategies. The results demonstrate that family environment and coping strategies play a critical role in NSSI behavior and anxiety levels, highlighting the importance of emphasizing emotional support and positive coping strategies in the prevention and intervention of NSSI behavior.
Disponibilidade a pagar do cliente por uma experiência ecoturística em um balneário no município de Tomé-Açu/PA
Authors: Pinheiro Gizeli da Costa , Peniche Rithiany dos Santos , Santos Jordy Lopes dos , Drago Ivana Ribeiro
Published: November 2024

As questões ambientais relacionadas ao desmatamento, aquecimento global, mudanças climáticas e poluição tem ganhado espaço na vida dos consumidores, despertando o interesse pelo turismo sustentável. Nesse contexto, este estudo teve por objetivo identificar a disponibilidade a pagar das pessoas por uma experiência ecoturística em um balneário no município de Tomé-Açú, região nordeste no estado do Pará. A hipótese da pesquisa se direcionou em diversos fatores sociais que podem influenciar a adesão a essa prática. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa caracterizou-se como estudo de caso com abordagem descritiva e quantitativa. Utilizando como instrumento de coleta de dados um questionário contento um TCE e as perguntas específicas do estudo. Participaram da amostragem 100 pessoas. O resultado mostrou que a renda dos entrevistados afeta diretamente a disposição a pagar, pois a maior parte dos participantes ganham até um salário-mínimo, fazendo com que optem por experiências ecoturísticas mais acessíveis. Maiores níveis de educação estão associados a consciência ambiental e social, mas não necessariamente ao pagamento adicional por experiências ecoturísticas.
School buildings performance evaluation method (SC-BPE Method)
Authors: Machado Eduarda Lauck , Santos Adriana de Paula Lacerda
Published: November 2024

Assessing the condition of school buildings is essential to ensure a quality learning environment for users. Therefore, the objective of this article is to propose a Method for Evaluating the Performance of School Buildings. In this work, design science research was the method used to create the artifact, which consists of 4 stages. A literature review of academic works and national and international standards and guidelines were carried out to identify the criteria that should be considered in assessing the performance of school buildings. 71 subcriteria were identified, grouped into 12 criteria according to their correlations: facilities, finishes, fire safety, thermal, acoustic and visual comfort, infrastructure, sustainability, habitability, safety (of the school and the student), external factors and environments. The 12 criteria were further divided into 2 dimensions. The weighting of these criteria was performed using the Delphi method. For this stage, 6 experts from four different cities with experience in design, conservation and maintenance of school infrastructure were selected. Subsequently, a method of evaluating the criteria and measuring performance was proposed, which consists of the weighted sum of the evaluations of each criterion, based on a visual inspection and completion of the established protocols. The School Building Performance Evaluation Method encompasses all aspects of the building and is a viable form of evaluation, without requiring sophisticated equipment.
Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Fish Aquaculture Revitalization, Multiplication and Sustainability in Nigeria
Authors: J. O. Ed-Idoko , P. S. Amaza , S. G. Solomon , K. V. Absalom , O. N. Christiana , C. N. Dawang
Published: November 2024

Thirty three mature broodfish of Common Carp were harvested from Panyam Fish Farm, Plateau State (PFFPS), and from Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi Research Fish Farm (FUAMRFF). These farms are situated in two different agro-ecological zones of Nigeria (with a fading history of Carp fish culture). The broodfish were fed for 90 days, in preparation for on-farm breeding activities with the aim of determining water quality, hatching parameters (through un-induced natural spawning, induced natural spawning and induced breeding by stripping in indoor concrete ponds); thirdly, to determine percentage survival of the bred Carp fish progenies cultured for 56 days (in ponds sampled in PFFPS and FUAMRFF). Fourthly, to evaluate growth and potential economic returns from the two areas, and finally to further evaluate fish farmers perception of Carp fish culture in selected fish farms across other agro-ecological zones in Nigeria. After breeding activities, progenies were cultured and fed to satiation. The water quality parameters in the ponds and in water holding tanks was monitored daily. At the end of the research period, PFFPS showed better Carp fish hatching tendency, highest (94%) in Induced Natural spawning), with better environmental condition and water physico-chemical parameters for Carp fish culture with mean Dissolved Oxygen content level (8.35 Mg/l), and pH (7.54). Furthermore, PFFPS has capacity to accommodate the mass production of Carp fish. Economically, PFFPS had a higher gross margin (402,250), and Profit index (5.0). Also, result from fish farmers perception on carp fish culture showed that 62% of farmers have no idea of Carp fish management, 66% have no idea of Carp fish selling price, 66% are aware of PFFPS and 100% expressed that more awareness should be created on aquaculture diversification (with interest in Carp fish aquaclture), as this will meet consumer demand and rescue this species from its current track of going extinct in Nigeria, if given urgent attention).
Comparative Effect of Feeding Maiwa and Pearl Millet as Dietary Energy Source for Broiler Chicken
Authors: A. Y Madaki,
Published: November 2024

This study compared the effects of feeding broiler chickens, maiwa and pearl millet as dietary energy sources. The effectiveness, performance, and carcass features of broiler chickens given varying amounts of maiwa and pearl millet as dietary energy sources were evaluated in a feeding trial/experiment. The experiment used 200 day-old broiler chickens. The experiment was divided into two phases: starter and finisher. Five experimental meals containing 20 and 23% crude proteins were created for each phase. For T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, five experimental diets were developed with different inclusion levels of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% respectively. In a randomized completely block design (RCBD), each treatment was duplicated four times, with ten birds each replication. Feed and water were provided ad libitum from 2nd to the 9th week of age. The result of the experiment on percentage composition of the experimental diets indicated that crude protein and metabolizable energy are within the range adequate for raising broiler chickens. The daily feed intake values (53.80-57.05g; 120.30-124.35g; 82.79-85.35g) and the daily weight gain values (29.95-33.82g; 41.77-44.66g; 34.22-35.88g) obtained from the performance of broiler chickens revealed non-significant differences among the treatments in the three (3) phases. The dietary treatments had no effect on the carcass and visceral organ parameters of broiler chickens, with the exception of caecal weight and small intestine length, which differed significantly (P≤0.01), with values ranging from 0.41%-0.72% and 160.85-191.33cm, respectively. Thus, the study comes to the conclusion that broiler chickens can safely be fed maiwa and pearl millet along with other items as nutritional energy sources.
Identification of Ornamental Shrubs that Absorb Air Pollutants at Green Open Area’s, City of Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Sujalu Akas Pinaringan , Milasari Lisa Astria , Astati Andi Sitti
Published: November 2024

Avenue trees, ornamental plants and shrubs are capable of removing a significant amount of air pollutants from the atmosphere and hence should be considered an integral part of any sustainable plan intended at improving air qualityIncreasing the amount of vegetation also functions as a filter and neutraliser of air pollutants.This research uses the observation method with analysis and discussion based on a qualitative descriptive approach. the research location is in a green open area that is congested with traffic in the city of samarinda.The results of the research obtained several ornamental plants that are commonly planted in every green open area, especially parks in areas with heavy traffic. These plants have been recommended as ornamental plants that can absorb air pollutants.Among them, there are 21 ornamental plants that have been recommended by the government and research results as ornamental plants that can absorb air pollutants.
Microbial Trends and their Drug Resistance Responsible for Bloodstream Infections in a Superspeciality Transplant Hospital
Authors: Chhangte Martha Z , Patil Niranjan , Ashpalia Aashita , Jatale Raj , Ramchandran Shibani , Chadha Kirti
Published: November 2024

Background & Objective: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are critical healthcare-associated infections that lead to high morbidity and mortality, requiring rapid diagnosis and effective antimicrobial treatment. The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) exacerbates this issue, particularly in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to assess the bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility trends of BSIs to establish an antibiogram for effective empirical treatment.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively on 3,300 blood culture samples from a multispecialty hospital over 15 months. Cultures were performed using Bactec FX and identification and antibiotic susceptibility determined by Vitek2 and Kirby-Bauer methods following CLSI guidelines.
Results: Overall, the positivity rate was (14.3%) with 473 isolates: (400 bacterial and 73 fungal). Gram-negative bacteria were predominant, led by Klebsiella pneumoniae (113 isolates) and Escherichia coli (100 isolates). Among the Gram-negative bacteria, antimicrobial susceptibility was found to be low for Cephalosporins (21%sensitivity) and Fluoroquinolones (19.3% sensitivity), with moderate susceptibility to Carbapenems (51.3%). Sensitivity was high for Colistin (98.9%), Amikacin (91.05%), Tigecycline (100%), Fosfomycin (100%) and Ceftazidime-avibactum Aztreonam (97.7%). Among Gram-positive bacteria, Coagulase-negative Staphylococcal Species (CONS) and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common. The overall sensitivity of Gram-positive bacteria to antibiotics tested was high compared to the Gram-negative bacteria. Sensitivity to antibiotics such as Linezolid was found to be 94.5% and Vancomycin was found to be 93.5%.
Conclusion: The high incidence of MDROs especially among the Gram-negative bacteria highlights the need for continuous monitoring and antibiotic stewardship programs. Empirical therapy must consider local resistance patterns, and a multidisciplinary approach is essential to mitigate antimicrobial resistance.
Effect of FYM and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth, Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Soil Properties of Red Alfisol
Authors: Hodkashia Seema , Sharma Parmod Kumar , Latare Ashish Marotrao , Choudhary Saroj , Yadav Bharti , Kumar Sarvendra
Published: November 2024

The soil multi-nutrient deficiency is not only a problem for soil quality, but also for crop productivity. In problematic soils, in particular acid soils, where low nutrient availability is a concern for general soil use, organic fertilizers are important. The importance of FYM is not limited to their role as accessibility, cost-effectiveness, soil nutrient reservoirs, moisture and ameliorating soil properties that determine soil fertility and productivity status. A pot experiment was conducted on wheat crop at Banaras Hindu University, India, to investigate the effect of FYM and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soil properties of red Alfisol. The results revealed that maximum number of tiller pot-1 (17.0), plant height (78.0 cm), grain yield (27.4 g pot-1), straw yield (9.98 g pot-1), biological yield (67.5 g pot-1), harvest index (40.6%), were recorded in 1.5RF+FYM1applied pots. The correlation study revealed a significant positive correlation of soil organic carbon with biological yield, and soil available N, P and K. The integration of FYM along with 1.5 times RF significantly enhanced wheat productivity, quality, and soil nutrient availability, indicating the potential of this integrated approach for restoring soil fertility in degraded soils to sustainable crop production in red Alfisol.
In-vitro Evaluation of Trichoderma Species and Some Selected Botanical Extracts against Alternaria helianthi (Hansf) Causing Alternaria Blight of Sunflower
Authors: Panda Suman , Lal Abhilasha A.
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the in vitro efficacy of bioagents and selected botanicals in managing Alternaria helianthi, the pathogen responsible for Alternaria blight in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Two bioagents, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride, and six botanicals—Azadirachta indica (neem), Lantana camara (lantana), Curcuma longa (turmeric), Aloe barbadensis (aloe vera), Withania somnifera (ashwagandha), and Mentha spicata (pudina)—were evaluated using the dual culture and poison food technique, respectively. The results showed that T. harzianum exhibited the highest inhibition of mycelial growth at 76.32%, while neem extract was the most effective among botanicals, achieving a maximum inhibition of 75.03% at 15% concentration. These findings suggest the potential of bioagents and botanicals in eco-friendly management strategies for Alternaria blight in sunflower cultivation.
Influence of Training and Tomato Hybrids on Growth, and Quality of Tomato under Shade Net House
Authors: Yadav Monika , Wilson Deena
Published: November 2024

This study examines the influence of different training systems and tomato hybrids on the growth, yield, and quality of tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicon L.) under shade net house conditions. It was conducted at the Hi-Tech Horticulture Unit, Centre of Excellence for Vegetables, Karnal, during the 2016-17 growing season. The experiment followed a Factorial arrangement of treatments in Randomized Complete Block Design (FRBD) with two training systems (one-stem and two-stem) and four hybrids (STH-39, STH-901, STH-801, and STH-701). Growth results indicated that the one-stem system significantly enhanced plant height (270.08 cm), leaf area (77.06 cm²), and stem girth (1.75 cm), while the two-stem system increased the number of leaves (82.80 per plant). Hybrid STH-801 exhibited superior vegetative performance, with the highest plant height (309.03 cm), maximum number of branches (8.17), and largest leaf area (79.22 cm²). In terms of quality parameters, the training systems had no significant effect on traits such as total soluble solids (TSS), pH, pericarp thickness, or shelf life. However, hybrid STH-801 recorded the highest TSS (5.47 °Brix) and longest shelf life (23 days). STH-39 produced the thickest pericarp (1.10 cm) and largest fruit volume (157 cc), contributing to better fruit quality. These findings highlight the importance of hybrid selection and training systems in improving both the growth and quality of tomatoes under protected cultivation.
Innate Immunity in Rice: A Defense Against Bacterial Leaf Blight
Authors: Sushitha  , Sajeena A.
Published: November 2024

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major staple food crops of the world and sustainable rice production is important for ensuring global food security. Throughout the growing season, a variety of pathogens including fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes, infect different parts of the crop resulting in yield loss. Bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is one of the major limiting factors in rice production. Being a vascular pathogen, X. oryzae pv. oryzae interferes with a range of physiological and biochemical exchange process in rice. The earlier the pathogen infection, more will be the loss and grain quality is also severely affected due to infection. The spread of the pathogen is too rapid in the favourable climatic conditions. The disease results in 20 to 30 per cent annual loss in rice production and under severe conditions, the yield loss goes up to 80 per cent. Plant pathogens employ different ways to attack host plants and impair plant growth and reproduction. Unlike vertebrates, plants lack mobile immune cells and an adaptive immune system. Plants mainly rely on two interconnected tiers of the innate immune system to perceive and respond to pathogen infection. This innate immune system or basal resistance mediated by a repertoire of Resistance or R genes in plants acts as the first line of pre-formed and inducible defenses that protect the host plants from large number of pathogens. Over the years, extensive investigation on the molecular interactions between rice and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae has made impressive progress in understanding the molecular basis of rice innate immunity against bacterial leaf blight. Improving plant immunity has been considered as one of the best choices available for achieving economical and sustainable management of bacterial leaf blight in a durable manner. In this review, we summarize the molecular basis of two tiered innate immune system including PAMP triggered immunity (PTI) and Effector triggered immunity (ETI) as well as R genes involved in rice - Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae interaction.
Studies on Effect of Planting Dates on Seed Quality of Onion (Allium cepa L.) in North Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka, India
Authors: Anusha K , K Lokesh , Ganigera B S , Hiremath Umesh , Patil Kapil
Published: November 2024

Aim: To study the effect of planting dates on seed quality of onion varieties.
Study Design: Split plot design and FCRD.
Place and Duration of Study: Agricultural Research Station, Hagari, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur (Karnataka) during Rabi 2023-24.
Methodology: Two varieties as main plot with five planting dates as sub plots.
Results: The results revealed that significantly highest seed germination (89.3 %), shoot length (8.97 cm), root length (7.02 cm) and seedling vigour index I and II (1428 and 1294, respectively) in D1 (1st fortnight of November). While, lowest seed germination (84.7 %), shoot length (7.65 cm), root length (6.04 cm), and seedling vigour index I and II (1250 and 1047, respectively) in D5 (1st fortnight of January). Among the varieties, Bhima super (V2) registered significantly highest seed germination (87.8 cm), shoot length (8.49 cm), root length (6.18 cm), and seedling vigour index I and II (1291 and 1116, respectively). Whereas, lowest seed germination (86.5 cm), shoot length (8.07 cm), root length (5.89 cm), and seedling vigour index I and II (1209 and 978, respectively) recorded in Bellary red (V1).
Conclusion: The results of present investigation revealed that, bulbs planted during 1st fortnight of November and Bhima super were found to be superior for high quality seed production of onion.
A Prospective Observational Study on the Clinical Profile Assessment of Myocardial Infarction Patients in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: G.M Ruksaar Faheen , Suni Hanna Merril , C H Thriveni , F Ajmal , S S Arathy , LAL Varun
Published: November 2024

Background: Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the single largest contributor to the global burden of disease and are recognized as the leading cause of death globally. CHD has various clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to acute conditions, namely acute coronary syndrome. Cardiovascular risk factors for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are on the rise in people of Indian origin. Myocardial Infarction (MI) also called as heart attack, infarction means the death of an area of tissue because of interrupted blood supply. Myocardial Infarction has become a growing concern among the cardiovascular diseases, hence the study is conducted in order to assess the clinical profile of patients suffering from MI.
Aim: To assess the clinical presentations, risk factors, short-term complications and management of patients with MI.
Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital over six months. A total of 121 patients were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results: Among the 121 patients included, the predominant were males (63.63%). Most of the patients fell under the age group of 51-60 (n=46). The common presenting symptoms were chest pain (42.32%), followed by breathlessness (26.04%) and sweating (15.34%). Most patients had NSTEMI (62.80%) and STEMI (37.19%). Alcohol (23.44%) was major risk factor followed by smoking (22.48%) and diabetes (14.35%). The elevated biomarkers noted were Troponin I (42.14%), Troponin T (37.19%) and CK-MB (6.61%) respectively. The majority of infarctions occurred on inferior wall (30.57%). The most prevalent complication observed was heart failure (14.8%) followed by sinus tachycardia (6.61%), and sinus bradycardia (5.78%). The majority of patients received key medications like anti-platelet agents, statins and anti-coagulants during hospital stay.
Conclusion: The risk of men developing myocardial infarction is more compared to women due to various reasons. It is more likely that the diagnosis of myocardial infarction is neglected due to  certain presenting symptoms like epigastric pain, syncope, vomiting, sweating etc., hence this study was conducted with an overview of creating awareness regarding the severity of myocardial infarction along with the advantages of early diagnosis.
IMPLEMENTASI METODE MENGAJAR DENGAN MEDIA LAGU DALAM PERKEMBANGAN BAHASA RESEPTIF DAN EKSPRESIF ANAK FASE DIFERENSIASI
Authors: Rame Mira Charesta , Puspitasari Dani , Chrystofer Jeremy
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan secara mendalam pengaruh lagu sebagai bahan ajar untuk meningkatkan perkembangan bahasa reseptif dan ekspresif anak di fase diferensiasi. Penelitian ini menyajikan analisa kualitatif secara komprehensif tentang bagaimana lagu dapat digunakan secara efektif dalam pendidikan anak usia dini untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbahasa. Melalui wawancara, observasi dan analisis dokumen, peneliti membuktikan bahwa prosedur penelitian menggunakan lagu dapat meningkatkan perkembangan bahasa. Hasil membuktikan adanya pengaruh positif dalam perkembangan bahasa reseptif dan ekspresif yang dapat dilihat dalam bentuk mengulang kalimat sederhana, menjawab pertanyaan sesuai pertanyaan, mengungkapkan perasaan dengan kata sifat, dan menceritakan kembali lagu yang dinyanyikan. Implikasi untuk pendidikan anak usia dini dijelaskan lebih lanjut.
Measuring the effectiveness of the sketch procedure for recalling details of a live interactive event
Authors: Eastwood Joseph , Snook Brent , Luther Kirk
Published: September 2018

The effectiveness of a sketch procedure for enhancing the recall of a live interactive event was assessed. Participants (N = 88) engaged in an interaction with a confederate, were administered a sketch, mental reinstatement of context (MRC), or control procedure and then asked to recall the experienced event. Results showed that participants who were administered a sketch procedure recalled more correct details than those administered an MRC or control procedure (d = 0.55 and d = 1.31, respectively). The increased recall was seen primarily for action and object details, with little difference between procedures for recall of person and verbal details. In addition, the effect of interview procedure on the number of incorrect details recalled was nonsignificant. The utility of the sketch procedure for investigative interviewing is discussed.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Vicinal syn‐Arylation‐Trifluoromethylation of Terminal Arylacetylenes
Authors: Xiao Chang , Wan Hai‐Xing , Zhang Song‐Lin
Published: September 2018

One‐pot three‐component syn‐arylation‐trifluoromethylation of terminal arylalkynes is developed by using an isolated (phen)Cu(III)(CF3)3 complex (phen: phenanthroline) and aryl boronic acids. This reaction is chemoselective that can suppress the competing trifluoromethylation of alkyne C−H and aryl boronic acids. It is also regioselective to install an aryl group on Cα and a CF3 group on Cβ of arylalkynes. Finally, unusual syn‐difunctionalization chemistry is achieved that is complementary to the general anti‐stereochemistry for difunctionalization of alkynes involving trifluoromethylation. The use of a Cu(III)−CF3 complex is crucial to the success that not only acts as a reactive CF3 precursor, but is also responsible for the unusual syn‐stereochemistry. This study allows ready access to vicinal arylated‐trifluoromethylated olefins, which is a widely existing structural motif in many biologically active compounds.
Pentose Metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: The Need to Engineer Global Regulatory Systems
Authors: Endalur Gopinarayanan Venkatesh , Nair Nikhil U.
Published: September 2018

Extending the host substrate range of industrially relevant microbes, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been a highly‐active area of research since the conception of metabolic engineering. Yet, rational strategies that enable non‐native substrate utilization in this yeast without the need for combinatorial and/or evolutionary techniques are underdeveloped. Herein, this review focuses on pentose metabolism in S. cerevisiae as a case study to highlight the challenges in this field. In the last three decades, work has focused on expressing exogenous pentose metabolizing enzymes as well as endogenous enzymes for effective pentose assimilation, growth, and biofuel production. The engineering strategies that are employed for pentose assimilation in this yeast are reviewed, and compared with metabolism and regulation of native sugar, galactose. In the case of galactose metabolism, multiple signals regulate and aid growth in the presence of the sugar. However, for pentoses that are non‐native, it is unclear if similar growth and regulatory signals are activated. Such a comparative analysis aids in identifying missing links in xylose and arabinose utilization. While research on pentose metabolism have mostly concentrated on pathway level optimization, recent transcriptomics analyses highlight the need to consider more global regulatory, structural, and signaling components.
BCR‐ABL1 transcript levels at 4 weeks have prognostic significance for time‐specific responses and for predicting survival in chronic‐phase chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with various tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Song Hye‐young , Noh Hayeon , Choi Soo young , Lee Sung‐Eun , Kim Soo‐Hyun , Kee Kyung‐Mi , Yoo Hea‐Lyun , Lee Mi‐young , Kang Ki‐Hoon , Suh Ji‐Hyung , Yang Seon‐young , Jang Eun‐Jung , Lee Jangik I. , Kim Dong‐Wook
Published: September 2018

The present study aimed to assess the clinical impact of BCR‐ABL1 transcript levels determined at an earlier time point than the 3‐month early molecular response (EMR) in chronic‐phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML‐CP) patients. BCR‐ABL1 transcript levels of CML‐CP patients (n = 258; median age, 43 [range, 18‐81] years) treated with various tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were determined at 4 weeks (28 ± 3 days) and at every 3 months of treatment initiation. At 4 weeks, receiver operating characteristic curves revealed that cutoff values of BCR‐ABL1 transcripts for achieving major molecular responses (MMRs) by 12 and 60 months were 40.89% and 39.16%, respectively (95% CI, 0.658‐0.772 and 95% CI, 0.643‐0.758; P < 0.0001). With 40% of BCR‐ABL1 transcripts at 4 weeks (very early MR; VEMR), patients with VEMR achieved higher 3‐month EMR and 4‐week VEMR significantly associated with higher cumulative incidences of 5‐year MMR (89.1% vs 72.3%; P < 0.001) and 5‐year deep molecular response (DMR) (56.5% vs 29.4%; P = 0.001). Furthermore, event‐free survival (EFS)‐a (93.0% vs 84.8%; P = 0.068) and EFS‐b (71.1% vs 57.9%; P = 0.061) by 5 years were also marginally significant. VEMR and 3‐month EMR were achieved in 89 patients, with significantly superior outcomes. In multivariate analyses, lower leukocyte count (P = 0.008) and frontline second‐generation TKI therapy size (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with VEMR achievement, but not baseline BCR‐ABL1 level and CML duration. In conclusion, the 4‐week BCR‐ABL1 transcript levels including VEMR could be important to predict long‐term outcomes and may provide additional information about innate intrinsic sensitivity to CML among individuals.
Mixed‐valence Compounds: AuO2 and AuS
Authors: Tang Meng , Zhang Yanmei , Li Siya , Wu Xi , Jia Yan , Yang Guochun
Published: September 2018

Mixed‐valence compounds are of great interest due to their interesting properties and wide applications. Recently, gold (Au) chemistry has experienced an unprecedented development. However, Au with mixed‐valence states in Au−O compounds has not been reported thus far. Here, two hitherto unknown AuO2 and AuS compounds with mixed‐valence character were identified with the aid of first‐principles swarm structure searching calculations. AuO2 consists of quasi‐square AuO4 moiety and AuO6 octahedron in which Au shows the mixed‐valence states of III and V, the first example in Au−O binary compounds. AuS contains the linear AuS2 and quasi‐square AuS4 units exhibiting AuI/III mixed‐valence states. The analysis of electronic property demonstrates that AuO2 and AuS are narrow band gap semiconductors with strong hybridization between Au 5d and O 2p or S 3p. With the increase of pressure, Au−O and Au−S compounds show completely different thermodynamic stabilities, resulting from distinct shifting of pressure‐induced atomic orbital energy levels of O and S atoms. Our work provides an opportunity for understanding mixed‐valence character in Au−O and Au−S compounds
Reuniting overnutrition and undernutrition, macronutrients, and micronutrients
Authors: Kim Miji , Basharat Anam , Santosh Ramchandani , Mehdi Syed F. , Razvi Zanali , Yoo Sun K. , Lowell Barbara , Kumar Amrat , Brima Wunnie , Danoff Ann , Dankner Rachel , Bergman Michael , Pavlov Valentin A. , Yang Huan , Roth Jesse
Published: September 2018

Over‐nutrition and its late consequences are a dominant theme in medicine today. In addition to the health hazards brought on by over‐nutrition, the medical community has recently accumulated a roster of health benefits with obesity, grouped under “obesity paradox.” Throughout the world and throughout history until the 20thcentury, under‐nutrition was a dominant evolutionary force. Under‐nutrition brings with it a mix of benefits and detriments that are opposite to and continuous with those of over‐nutrition. This continuum yields J‐shaped or U‐shaped curves relating body mass index to mortality. The overweight have an elevated risk of dying in middle age of degenerative diseases while the underweight are at increased risk of premature death from infectious conditions. Micronutrient deficiencies, major concerns of nutritional science in the 20thcentury, are being neglected. This “hidden hunger” is now surprisingly prevalent in all weight groups, even among the overweight. Because micronutrient replacement is safe, inexpensive, and predictably effective, it is now an exceptionally attractive target for therapy across the spectrum of weight and age. Nutrition‐related conditions worthy of special attention from caregivers include excess vitamin A, excess vitamin D, and deficiency of magnesium.
Melatonin potentiates the effects of metformin on glucose metabolism and food intake in high‐fat‐fed rats
Authors: Dantas‐Ferreira Rosana F. , Raingard Helene , Dumont Stephanie , Schuster‐Klein Carole , Guardiola‐Lemaitre Beatrice , Pevet Paul , Challet Etienne
Published: September 2018

Background

Melatonin is a hormone synthesized mainly by the pineal gland, and secreted only at night. Melatonin has been proposed as a modulator of glucose metabolism.

Methods

Here we studied the metabolic effects of melatonin administration alone (s.c. 10 mg/kg) or in combination with metformin (p.o. 300 mg/kg), a widely used anti‐diabetic drug. These treatments were tested on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and food intake in Zucker fatty rats (i.e., bearing a missense mutation in the leptin receptor gene) and high‐fat fed Sprague‐Dawley rats.

Results

Melatonin alone or in combination did not significantly modify glucose tolerance in either model. Melatonin alone in high‐fat fed Sprague‐Dawley improved insulin sensitivity to the level of metformin. In addition, combined treatment further ameliorated insulin sensitivity (+13%), especially during the late phase of rising glycemia. The lack of similar effects in Zucker rats suggests an involvement of leptin signaling in mediating the positive effects of melatonin. Body mass gain in Sprague‐Dawley rats was decreased by both metformin, and combined metformin and melatonin. While melatonin alone did not markedly affect food intake, its combination with metformin led to a more pronounced anorexia (‐17% food intake during the last week), as compared to metformin alone.

Conclusions

Melatonin improves the beneficial effects of metformin on insulin sensitivity and body mass gain in high‐fat fed Sprague‐Dawley rats. Therefore, the combination of melatonin and metformin could be beneficial to develop dual therapies to treat or delay type 2 diabetes associated with obesity.
Comparison of microRNAs in the intramuscular adipose tissue from Jinhua and Landrace pigs
Authors: Miao Zhiguo , Wang Shan , Wang Yimin , Wei Panpeng , Khan Muhammad Akram , Zhang Jinzhou , Guo Liping , Liu Dongyang
Published: September 2018

MicroRNA (miRNA) is critically involved in lipogenesis occurring in various body parts of humans and animals. In this study, to further investigate the role and distribution of miRNA in porcine intramuscular adipose tissue, small RNAs were extracted from Jinhua and Landrace pigs to identify the expression profiles of miRNAs. miRNA expression profiles revealed that 558 miRNAs including 287 known and 271 novel miRNAs were identified, and 220 of them showed differential expression in the pigs. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis suggested that the target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs were involved in fatty metabolism. In conclusion, the current study reveals the active participation of miRNAs in the regulation of adipogenesis in the intramuscular adipose tissue of Jinhua and Landrace pigs.
Apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a caspase‐1 recruitment domain (ASC) contributes to osteoblast differentiation and osteogenesis
Authors: Sartoretto Suelen , Gemini‐Piperni Sara , da Silva Rodrigo A. , Calasans Monica D. , Rucci Nadia , Pires dos Santos Thais M. , Lima Inayá B. C. , Rossi Alexandre M. , Alves Gutemberg , Granjeiro José M. , Teti Anna , Zambuzzi Willian F.
Published: September 2018

The role of apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a caspase‐1 recruitment domain (ASC) in bone healing remains to be understood. To address this issue, we investigated the requirement of inflammasome‐related genes in response to bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7)‐induced osteoblast differentiation in vitro. To validate the importance of ASC on osteogenesis, we subjected wild‐type (WT) and ASC knockout C57BL/6 mice (ASC KO) to tibia defect to evaluate the bone healing process (up to 28 days). Our in vitro data showed that there is an involvement of ASC during BMP7‐induced osteoblast differentiation, concomitant to osteogenic biomarker expression. Indeed, primary osteogenic cells from ASC KO presented a lower osteogenic profile than those obtained from WT mice. To validate this hypothesis, we evaluated the bone healing process of tibia defects on both WT and ASC KO mice genotypes and the ASC KO mice were not able to fully heal tibia defects up to 28 days, whereas WT tibia defects presented a higher bone de novo volume at this stage, evidencing ASC as an important molecule during osteogenic phenotype. In addition, we have shown a higher involvement of runt‐related transcription factor 2 in WT sections during bone repair, as well as circulating bone alkaline phosphatase isoform when both were compared with ASC KO mice behavior. Altogether, our results showed for the first time the involvement of inflammasome during osteoblast differentiation and osteogenesis, which opens new avenues to understand the pathways involved in bone healing.
Non‐viral suicide gene therapy in cervical, oral and pharyngeal carcinoma cells with CMV‐ and EEV‐plasmids
Authors: Düzgüneş Nejat , Cheung Jennifer , Konopka Krystyna
Published: September 2018

Background

Cervical cancer is the third most common cause of cancer in women. The 5‐year survival rate in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas is approximately 50% and this rate has not improved in recent decades. These cancers are accessible to direct intervention. We examined the ability of a highly efficient non‐viral vector, TransfeX (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA), to deliver the suicide gene HSV‐tk to cervical, oral and pharyngeal cancer cells and to induce cytotoxicity following the administration of the prodrug, ganciclovir.

Methods

HeLa cervical carcinoma, HSC‐3 and H357 oral squamous cell carcinoma and FaDu pharyngeal carcinoma cells were transfected with cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐ or enhanced episomal vector (EEV)‐driven HSV‐tk plasmids and treated with ganciclovir for 24–120 h. Cell viability was assessed by Alamar blue.

Results

The viability of HeLa cells was reduced to only 30–40%, despite the very high levels of transgene expression. By contrast, the viability of HSC‐3 cells was reduced to 10%, although transgene expression was 18‐fold lower than that in HeLa cells. An approximately five‐fold higher transgene expression was obtained with the EEV‐plasmid than from the CMV‐plasmid. Nevertheless, HeLa cell viability after suicide gene + ganciclovir treatment was reduced by only 35% compared to 70% with the CMV‐plasmid. For HSC‐3 cells, the reduction was 40% for the EEV‐ and 80% for the CMV‐plasmid. The lower efficiency of transfection with the EEV‐plasmid may explain the lower cytotoxicity.

Conclusions

TransfeX‐mediated gene delivery to cervical, pharyngeal and oral cancer cells may be used for suicide gene therapy. The levels of transgene expression, however, do not translate directly to cytotoxicity.
Reproducibility of native T1 mapping for renal tissue characterization at 3T
Authors: Dekkers Ilona A. , Paiman Elisabeth H.M. , de Vries Aiko P.J. , Lamb Hildo J.
Published: September 2018

Background

Advanced renal disease is characterized by adverse changes in renal structure; however, noninvasive techniques to diagnose and monitor these changes are currently lacking.

Purpose

To evaluate the reproducibility of native T1 mapping for renal tissue characterization.

Study Type

Reproducibility study.

Population

Fifteen healthy volunteers (mean age 31 years, range 19–63 years), and 11 patients with diabetic nephropathy (mean age 57 years, range 51–69 years).

Field Strength/Sequence

3T, modified Look–Locker imaging (MOLLI) 5(3)3.

Assessment

Intra‐ and interexamination reproducibility of voxel‐based T1 relaxation times of renal cortex and medulla was assessed in healthy human volunteers and diabetic nephropathy patients.

Statistical Tests

Reproducibility was evaluated using Bland–Altman and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).

Results

Intra‐ and interexamination reproducibility of renal native T1 mapping showed good–strong ICCs (0.83–0.89) for renal cortex and medulla, and moderate–good ICCs (0.62–0.81) for cortex–medulla ratio in both healthy volunteers and diabetic nephropathy patients. Intra‐ and interexamination limits of agreement were respectively (–124 msec, + 82 msec) and (–134 msec, + 98 msec) for renal cortex and (–138 msec, + 107 msec) and (–118 msec, + 151 msec) for medulla. Overall T1 values for renal cortex (P = 0.277) and medulla (P = 0.973) were not significantly different between healthy volunteers and diabetic nephropathy patients, in contrast to the cortex–medulla ratio (P = 0.003).

Data Conclusion

Renal native T1 mapping is a technique with good–strong intra‐ and examination reproducibility in both healthy volunteers and diabetic nephropathy patients.

Level of Evidence: 3

Technical Efficacy: Stage 1

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:588–596.
The effects of direct‐acting antiviral agents on the frequency of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells and natural killer cells in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Li Yiting , Zeng Yingfu , Zeng Guofen , Li Jianguo , Zhang Xiaohong , Cai Qingxian , Chen Youming , Lin Chao‐Shuang
Published: September 2018

Currently, hepatitis C antiviral therapy is entering a new era with the use of direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) agents. However, the precise immunological influences of DAA therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) are insufficiently understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of DAA therapy on the frequency of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), T lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells in patients with CHC. Thirty‐two treatment‐naive CHC patients were treated with DAA therapy, and the frequency of immune cells was analyzed by flow cytometry at various time points during and after therapy. Sixteen healthy donors were recruited for comparison. DAA therapy decreased the frequency of MDSCs and monocytic MDSCs in patients with CHC to a normal level. DAA therapy also increased the CD8+ T and NK cell levels in patients with CHC. In addition, activation (NKp30 and NKp46) and inhibitory (NKG2A) receptors on NK cells were downregulated to yield an NK cell phenotype resembling that observed in the healthy controls. This study provides insight into the normalization of immune cell levels under DAA therapy and indicates that restoration of the immune system in patients with CHC strongly supports long‐term curative hepatitis C virus eradication.