bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
C1q is increased in cerebrospinal fluid‐derived extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer's disease: A multi‐cohort proteomics and immuno‐assay validation study
Authors: Chatterjee Madhurima , Özdemir Selcuk , Kunadt Marcel , Koel‐Simmelink Marleen , Boiten Walter , Piepkorn Lars , Pham Thang V. , Chiasserini Davide , Piersma Sander R. , Knol Jaco C. , Möbius Wiebke , Mollenhauer Brit , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Jimenez Connie R. , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Jahn Olaf , Schneider Anja
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) may propagate and modulate Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. We aimed to comprehensively characterize the proteome of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) EVs to identify proteins and pathways altered in AD.

Methods

CSF EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation (Cohort 1) or Vn96 peptide (Cohort 2) from non‐neurodegenerative controls (n = 15, 16) and AD patients (n = 22, 20, respectively). EVs were subjected to untargeted quantitative mass spectrometry‐based proteomics. Results were validated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in Cohorts 3 and 4, consisting of controls (n = 16, n = 43, (Cohort3, Cohort4)), and patients with AD (n = 24, n = 100).

Results

We found > 30 differentially expressed proteins in AD CSF EVs involved in immune‐regulation. Increase of C1q levels in AD compared to non‐demented controls was validated by ELISA (∼ 1.5 fold, p (Cohort 3) = 0.03, p (Cohort 4) = 0.005).

Discussion

EVs may be utilized as a potential biomarker and may play a so far unprecedented role in immune‐regulation in AD.
Struktur‐ und Daten‐basiertes Protein Engineering von Transaminasen zur Verbesserung von Aktivität und Stereoselektivität
Authors: Ao Yu‐Fei , Pei Shuxin , Xiang Chao , Menke Marian J. , Shen Lin , Sun Chenghai , Dörr Mark , Born Stefan , Höhne Matthias , Bornscheuer Uwe T.
Published: April 2023

Amintransaminasen (ATAs) sind leistungsstarke Biokatalysatoren für die stereoselektive Synthese chiraler Amine. Machine learning ist ein vielversprechender Ansatz für das Protein‐Engineering, aber Modelle zur Aktivitätsvorhersage für ATAs sind aufgrund der Schwierigkeit, qualitativ hochwertige Trainingsdaten zu erhalten, schwer zu finden. Aus diesem Grund haben wir zunächst Varianten der ATA aus Ruegeria sp. (3FCR) mit verbesserter katalytischer Aktivität (bis zu 2000‐fach) sowie umgekehrter Stereoselektivität durch strukturabhängiges rationales Design entwickelt und dabei einen hochwertigen Datensatz gesammelt. Anschließend entwarfen wir einen modifizierten One‐Hot‐Code, um sterische und elektronische Effekte von Substraten und Aminosäureresten innerhalb von ATAs zu beschreiben. Schließlich erstellten wir einen Gradient Boosting Regression Tree Prädiktor zur Vorhersage der katalytischen Aktivität und Stereoselektivität und wendeten diesen für das datengesteuerte Design optimierter Varianten an, die dann eine verbesserte Aktivität zeigten (bis zum Dreifachen im Vergleich zu den besten zuvor identifizierten Varianten). Wir haben zudem gezeigt, dass das Modell die katalytische Aktivität für ATA‐Varianten eines anderen Enzyms vorhersagen kann, indem es mit einem kleinen Satz zusätzlicher Daten neu trainiert wurde.
An Artificial Single Molecular Channel Showing High Chloride Transport Selectivity and pH‐Responsive Conductance
Authors: Huang Wen‐Long , Wang Xu‐Dong , Ao Yu‐Fei , Wang Qi‐Qiang , Wang De‐Xian
Published: April 2023

Inspired by the unique structure and function of the natural chloride channel (ClC) selectivity filter, we present herein the design of a ClC‐type single channel molecule. This channel displays high ion transport activity with half‐maximal effective concentration, EC50, of 0.10 μM, or 0.075 mol % (channel molecule to lipid ratio), as determined by fluorescent analysis using lucigenin‐encapsulated vesicles. Planar bilayer lipid membrane conductance measurements indicated an excellent Cl−/K+ selectivity with a permeability ratio P
/P
up to 12.31, which is comparable with the chloride selectivity of natural ClC proteins. Moreover, high anion/anion selectivity (P
/P
=66.21) and pH‐dependent conductance and ion selectivity of the channel molecule were revealed. The ClC‐like transport behavior is contributed by the cooperation of hydrogen bonding and anion–π interactions in the central macrocyclic skeleton, and by the existence of pH‐responsive terminal phenylalanine residues.
Burning Graphite Faster than Carbon Black: A Case of Diffusion Control
Authors: Picheau Emmanuel , Hof Ferdinand , Amar Sara , Derré Alain , Pénicaud Alain
Published: April 2023

External diffusion may be exploited as a tool to purify materials in a way thought to be inaccessible from a chemical reactivity point of view. A mixture of two carbonaceous materials, graphite and carbon black, are thermally oxidized in either i) outside total diffusion‐limited regime or ii) total diffusion‐limited regime. Depending on the treatment applied it is possible to purify either graphite, a trivial task, or carbon black, a task thought impossible. Introducing geometrical selectivity, controlled total diffusion‐limited chemistry exceeds by far the field of carbon materials and can be used as an engineering tool for many materials purification, original synthesis, or to introduce asymmetry in a system. Several examples for direct applications of the findings are mentioned.
Discovery of 5‐alkyl‐2‐pyrazol‐oxazolidin‐4‐one derivatives as novel hepatitis B virus capsid assembly modulators
Authors: Guan Mengying , Wang Yuan , Wang Yunwen , Chen Na , Shi Shu , Sheng Rong
Published: April 2023

The “magic methyl effect” strategy was used to design a series of 5‐alkyl‐2‐pyrazol‐oxazolidin‐4‐one derivatives as novel hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsid assembly modulators. Most of these compounds exhibited potent HBV inhibitory activities with low cytotoxicities in HepG2.2.15 cells. The most promising compounds 9d and 10b had single‐digit nanomolar IC50 values with a high selectivity index. Compared with the lead compound (3.0%), they caused 15% and 18% decreases in HBe antigen secretion at 1.0 μM, respectively. In addition, compounds 9d and 10b possessed good pharmacokinetic profiles with oral bioavailability values of 56.1% and 48.9%, respectively. These results indicated that the two compounds were potential therapeutic agents for HBV infection.
Is visual gaze in children with autism spectrum disorder related to sequence of emotion intensity presentation? An eye‐tracking study of natural emotion perception processes
Authors: Wang Duan , Zhang Yiran , Zhang Haiqing , Kuo Fengyi , Zhang Linxue , Yang Ying , Yan Yingyu , Ng Manwa L. , Wang Lan , Yan Nan , Chen Yanni
Published: April 2023

Emotion cognitive remediation is a critical component of social skills training for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Visual perception of emotions is highly correlated with the intensity and sequence of presented emotions. However, few studies examined the effect of presentation sequence and intensity on emotion perception. The present study examined the gaze patterns of children with ASD in receiving different sequences of emotion presentation using eye‐tracking technologies. Gaze patterns of ecologically‐valid video clips of silent emotion stimuli by 51 ASD children and 34 typically developing (TD) children were recorded. Results indicated that ASD and TD children showed opposite visual fixation during different intensity presentation modes: children with ASD showed better emotion perception with a weak‐to‐strong emotion sequence when presented. The visual reductions in emotion perception in children with ASD may due to different perceptual threshold to emotional intensity. The extent of the reductions could be related to an individual's Personal‐Social ability. The present study supports the importance of intensity of emotions and the order at which the emotional stimuli were presented in yielding better emotion perceptions in children with ASD, suggesting that the order of emotion presentation may potentially influence emotion processing during ASD rehabilitation. It is anticipated that the present findings could bring more insights to clinicians for intervention planning in the future.
Prevalence of pathogenic variants in cancer‐predisposing genes in second cancer after childhood solid cancers
Authors: Yoshida Masanori , Nakabayashi Kazuhiko , Yang Wentao , Sato‐Otsubo Aiko , Tsujimoto Shin‐ichi , Ogata‐Kawata Hiroko , Kawai Tomoko , Ishiwata Keisuke , Sakamoto Mika , Okamura Kohji , Yoshida Kaoru , Shirai Ryota , Osumi Tomoo , Kiyotani Chikako , Shioda Yoko , Terashima Keita , Ishimaru Sae , Yuza Yuki , Takagi Masatoshi , Arakawa Yuki , Imamura Toshihiko , Hasegawa Daisuke , Inoue Akiko , Yoshioka Takako , Ito Shuichi , Tomizawa Daisuke , Koh Katsuyoshi , Matsumoto Kimikazu , Kiyokawa Nobutaka , Ogawa Seishi , Manabe Atsushi , Niwa Akira , Hata Kenichiro , Yang Jun J. , Kato Motohiro
Published: April 2023

Background

Second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) are one of the most severe late complications after pediatric cancer treatment. However, the effect of genetic variation on SMNs remains unclear. In this study, we revealed germline genetic factors that contribute to the development of SMNs after treatment of pediatric solid tumors.

Methods

We performed whole‐exome sequencing in 14 pediatric patients with SMNs, including three brain tumors.

Results

Our analysis revealed that five of 14 (35.7%) patients had pathogenic germline variants in cancer‐predisposing genes (CPGs), which was significantly higher than in the control cohort (p < 0.01). The identified genes with variants were TP53 (n = 2), DICER1 (n = 1), PMS2 (n = 1), and PTCH1 (n = 1). In terms of the type of subsequent cancer, leukemia and multiple episodes of SMN had an exceptionally high rate of CPG pathogenic variants. None of the patients with germline variants had a family history of SMN development. Mutational signature analysis showed that platinum drugs contributed to the development of SMN in three cases, which suggests the role of platinum agents in SMN development.

Conclusions

We highlight that overlapping effects of genetic background and primary cancer treatment contribute to the development of second cancers after treatment of pediatric solid tumors. A comprehensive analysis of germline and tumor samples may be useful to predict the risk of secondary cancers.
Epitopes Displayed in a Cyclic Peptide Scaffold Bind SARS‐COV‐2 Antibodies
Authors: Eriksson Camilla , Gunasekera Sunithi , Muhammad Taj , Zhang Mingshu , Laurén Ida , Mangsbo Sara M , Lord Martin , Göransson Ulf
Published: April 2023

The SARS‐CoV‐2 virus that causes COVID‐19 is a global health issue. The spread of the virus has resulted in seven million deaths to date. The emergence of new viral strains highlights the importance of continuous surveillance of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus by using timely and accurate diagnostic tools. Here, we used a stable cyclic peptide scaffolds to present antigenic sequences derived from the spike protein that are reactive to SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies. Using peptide sequences from different domains of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike proteins, we grafted epitopes on the peptide scaffold sunflower trypsin inhibitor 1 (SFTI‐1). These scaffold peptides were then used to develop an ELISA to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies in serum. We show that displaying epitopes on the scaffold improves reactivity overall. One of the scaffold peptides (S2_1146‐1161_c) has reactivity equal to that of commercial assays, and shows diagnostic potential.
Synthesis of a Hybrid Composed of Anisotropic Niobate Layers Modified with MoC Nanoparticles
Authors: Du Meilin , Asakura Yusuke , Kamibe Takuma , Yamauchi Yusuke , Sugahara Yoshiyuki
Published: April 2023

The hybrid composed of anisotropic niobate layers modified with MoC nanoparticles is synthesized by multistep reactions. The stepwise interlayer reactions for layered hexaniobate induce selective surface modification at the alternate interlayers, and the following ultrasonication leads to the formation of double‐layered nanosheets. The further liquid phase MoC deposition with the double‐layered nanosheets leads to the decoration of MoC nanoparticles on the surfaces of the double‐layered nanosheets. The new hybrid can be regarded as a stacking of the two layers with anisotropically modified nanoparticles. The relatively high temperature in the MoC synthesis causes partial leaching of the grafted phosphonate groups. The exposed surface of the niobate nanosheets due to the partial leaching may interact with MoC to succeed in the hybridization. The hybrid after heating exhibits photocatalytic activity, indicating that this hybridization method can be useful for hybrid synthesis of semiconductor nanosheets and co‐catalyst nanoparticles toward photocatalytic application.
CO2 Activation on Cu/TiO2 Nanostructures: Importance of Dual Binding Site
Authors: Barlocco Ilaria , Maleki Farahnaz , Pacchioni Gianfranco
Published: April 2023

CO2 adsorption and activation on Cu single atom catalysts and Cu nanoclusters supported on the (110) surface of rutile and on the (101) surface of anatase TiO2 have been investigated by means of first principles electronic structure calculations. The role of oxide reduction associated to the presence of oxygen vacancies has been considered. Five main messages emerge from this study. (1) CO2 activation on Cu/TiO2 nanostructures is surface sensitive, as the rutile and anatase surfaces can exhibit different behaviors; (2) the surface morphology is essential since CO2 is activated only when the molecule can simultaneously bind to at least two active sites, such as a Cu atom on one side and an oxide ion on the other site; (3) Cu atoms on TiO2 are in the +I oxidation state and can bind and activate CO2 via charge transfer from the oxide; (4) on supported Cu clusters CO2 activation occurs mostly at the metal/oxide interface; (5) the presence of O vacancy sites facilitates the spontaneous dissociation of CO2 to CO, or increases the electron density of the metal catalyst, two effects that can influence the mechanism of CO2 reduction to methanol or other chemicals.
Integrating Tetrathiafulvalene and Nickel‐Bis(dithiolene) Units into Donor‐Acceptor Covalent Organic Frameworks for Stable and Efficient Photothermal Conversion
Authors: Li Yu‐Yang , Wei Tianqi , Liu Cheng , Zhang Zedong , Wu Lei‐Feng , Ding Mengning , Yuan Shuai , Zhu Jia , Zuo Jing‐Lin
Published: April 2023

Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and Ni‐bis(dithiolene) are typical conductive units widely studied in electronics, optics, and photochemistry. However, their applications in near‐infrared (NIR) photothermal conversion are often limited by insufficient NIR absorption and low chemical/thermal stability. Herein, we integrate TTF and Ni‐bis(dithiolene) into a covalent organic framework (COF) with stable and efficient NIR and solar photothermal conversion performance. Two isostructural COFs, namely Ni‐TTF and TTF‐TTF, are successfully isolated which are composed of TTF and Ni‐bis(dithiolene) units as donor‐acceptor (D−A) pairs or TTF units only. Both COFs show high BET surface areas and good chemical/thermal stability. Notably, compared with TTF‐TTF, the periodic D−A arrangement in Ni‐TTF significantly lowers the bandgap, leading to unprecedented NIR and solar photothermal conversion performance.
Impact of bortezomib‐based versus lenalidomide maintenance therapy on outcomes of patients with high‐risk multiple myeloma
Authors: Bumma Naresh , Dhakal Binod , Fraser Raphael , Estrada‐Merly Noel , Anderson Kenneth , Freytes César O. , Hildebrandt Gerhard C. , Holmberg Leona , Krem Maxwell M. , Lee Cindy , Lekakis Lazaros , Lazarus Hillard M. , Mian Hira , Murthy Hemant S. , Nathan Sunita , Nishihori Taiga , Parrondo Ricardo , Patel Sagar S. , Solh Melhem , Strouse Christopher , Vesole David H. , Kumar Shaji , Qazilbash Muzaffar H. , Shah Nina , D’Souza Anita , Sidana Surbhi
Published: April 2023

Background

Lenalidomide maintenance after autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) in multiple myeloma (MM) results in superior progression‐free survival and overall survival. However, patients with high‐risk multiple myeloma (HRMM) do not derive the same survival benefit from lenalidomide maintenance compared with standard‐risk patients. The authors sought to determine the outcomes of bortezomib‐based maintenance compared with lenalidomide maintenance in patients with HRMM undergoing ASCT.

Methods

In total, the authors identified 503 patients with HRMM who were undergoing ASCT within 12 months of diagnosis from January 2013 to December 2018 after receiving triplet novel‐agent induction in the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research database. HRMM was defined as deletion 17p, t(14;16), t(4;14), t(14;20), or chromosome 1q gain.

Results

Three hundred fifty‐seven patients (67%) received lenalidomide alone, and 146 (33%) received bortezomib‐based maintenance (with bortezomib alone in 58%). Patients in the bortezomib‐based maintenance group were more likely to harbor two or more high‐risk abnormalities and International Staging System stage III disease (30% vs. 22%; p = .01) compared with the lenalidomide group (24% vs. 15%; p < .01). Patients who were receiving lenalidomide maintenance had superior progression‐free survival at 2 years compared with those who were receiving either bortezomib monotherapy or combination therapy (75% vs. 63%; p = .009). Overall survival at 2 years was also superior in the lenalidomide group (93% vs. 84%; p = .001).

Conclusions

No superior outcomes were observed in patients with HRMM who received bortezomib monotherapy or (to a lesser extent) in those who received bortezomib in combination as maintenance compared with lenalidomide alone. Until prospective data from randomized clinical trials are available, post‐transplant therapy should be tailored to each patient with consideration for treating patients in clinical trials that target novel therapeutic strategies for HRMM, and lenalidomide should remain a cornerstone of treatment.
Screening Multi‐layered Two‐dimensional Cd‐chalcogenide Structures as Potential Candidates for Photocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Daoqing , Kumar Sourabh , Xiao Shifa
Published: April 2023

In recent years, clean and sustainable energy generation by photocatalytic water splitting has gained enormous attention from researchers. Two‐dimensional Cd‐based structures play a central role in the research of semiconductor‐based photocatalysis. Here, a few layers of cadmium monochalcogenides (CdX; X=S, Se, and Te) are theoretically investigated using density functional theory (DFT). For their potential applicability in photocatalysis, it is proposed that they are exfoliated from the wurtzite structure with an electronic gap that depends on the thickness of the proposed systems. Our calculations address a long‐standing doubt about the stabilities of free‐standing CdX monolayers (ML). Induced buckling removes the acoustic instabilities in 2D planar hexagonal CdX structures (due to interlayer interactions) that depend on the number of neighboring atomic layers present. All studied (and stable) systems have an electronic gap of >1.68 eV, calculated with hybrid functionals (HSE06). A band‐edge alignment plot about the water‘s oxidation‐reduction potential is constructed, and a potential energy surface is constructed for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Our calculations suggest that the chalcogenide site is most favorable for hydrogen adsorption, and the energy barrier falls within the experimentally achievable limits.
Comparison of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration cytology versus endoscopic biopsy for the diagnosis of subepithelial lesions of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract: A 10‐year retrospective single institution analysis
Authors: Collins Katrina , Yocum Bianca Puello , Mesa Hector , Cramer Harvey , Saeed Omer
Published: April 2023

Background

The aim of this study is to compare the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) versus endoscopic biopsy for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) subepithelial lesions (SELs) using surgical resection as the gold standard.

Methods

All patients who underwent EUS‐FNA of upper and lower GI SELs over a 10‐year period (2010 through 2019) were retrospectively reviewed. The medical records of all patients were reviewed and data extracted from the endoscopy, pathology, and surgical reports were analyzed.

Results

In total, 283 patients with ages ranging from 21 to 92 years underwent EUS‐FNA for evaluation of GI SELs, 117 (41%) patients underwent endoscopic biopsy and 82 (29%) patients had concurrent surgical resection specimen. EUS‐FNA was obtained from the stomach in 167 (59%) patients, duodenum in 51 (18%) patients, esophagus in 38 (13%) patients, and colorectum in 27 (10%) patients. It was found that the largest percentage of lesions originated in the muscularis propria (36%), followed by the submucosa (26%), deep mucosa (13%), and not specified in 21%. The concordance between EUS‐FNA and endoscopic biopsy was good (correlation coefficient of 0.631, p < .001). EUS‐FNA versus endoscopic biopsy in resected cases showed sensitivity and specificity of 78% versus 68% and 84% versus 100%, respectively. The EUS‐FNA has an accuracy of 80% compared to 74% in biopsy. The diagnostic yield of EUS‐FNA and endoscopic biopsy was 64% versus 55%.

Conclusion

EUS‐FNA is more sensitive and more accurate than endoscopic biopsy for diagnosing GI SELs with a good concordance between the two techniques.
Development of feedback system by customized UI to improve UX of web page
Authors: Motobu Tatsuhiro , Kida Koji
Published: April 2023

In recent years, the number of websites has been increasing, and with it, the number of similar services. As a result, UX is becoming more and more important to measure the differentiation of a website from its competitors, and UI plays a major role in improving UX. Website developers implement a development process called HCD to improve UI. However, in HCD, there is a gap between the perception of the evaluator and the developer, resulting in a lot of man‐hours. In this paper, we propose a method for evaluating web pages using GUI operations to solve this problem. We let the evaluator of the web page edit the web page by mouse operation from the browser, and feedback the result directly to the developer. As a result of the experiment, we were able to discover problems with the web pages that could not be obtained by the conventional questionnaire. It also made it easier to design improvement plans, leading to a reduction in man‐hours.
Influence of the Ammonia Concentration in Chemical Bath Deposition and Selenourea Concentration in Hydrothermal Process on the Properties of CdS and Sb2S3−ySey Thin Films and the Photovoltaic Performance of the Corresponding Solar Cells
Authors: Lin Qichu , Shi Chengwu , Wang Zihao , Lv Kai , Guo Fuling , Wang Yanqing , Chen Wangchao
Published: April 2023

To explore the feasibility of the flexible Sb2S3−ySey thin‐film solar cell fabrication using polyimide thin films as substrates, CdS thin films are prepared on SnO2:F conducting glass (FTO) substrates by decreasing the ammonia concentration of chemical bath deposition, and Sb2S3−ySey thin films are grown on the FTO/CdS substrate by changing the selenourea concentration of hydrothermal process. The influence of the ammonia and selenourea concentration on properties of CdS and Sb2S3−ySey is systematically investigated and solar cells with the architecture of FTO/CdS/Sb2S3−ySey/spiro‐OMeTAD/Au are fabricated. For CdS thin films on FTO substrate, the thickness decreases and roughness increases with the decrease of ammonia concentration in chemical bath deposition. The compact and full‐coverage CdS thin films with thickness of 50 ± 6 nm are successfully obtained using the low ammonia concentration (0.59 m). For Sb2S3−ySey thin films on FTO/CdS substrate, the Se:S:Sb atomic ratio and thickness increases with the increase of selenourea concentration in hydrothermal process. The optimal selenourea concentration is 6 mM. The solar cells with the 50 ± 6 nm thick CdS thin film and Sb2S2.10Se0.56 thin film achieve photoelectric conversion efficiency of 8.07%. The results can provide an efficient support for further applying polyimide thin films to fabricate flexible Sb2S3−ySey thin film solar cells.
In Situ S‐Doped Graphene Film using NaHSO3 as Sulfur Source for High‐Performance Flexible Supercapacitors
Authors: He Yining , Wang Di , Fu Yuxin , Li Qiong , Jiang Ming , He Chengen , Huang Jing
Published: April 2023

Herein, sulfur‐doped graphite film (SGF) is developed by a facile method. Graphene oxide (GO) film and low‐cost NaHSO3 are used for carbon and sulfur sources, respectively. A single‐step sulfur doping reaction is used to obtain SGF at 180 °C. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of SGF reveals highly loose, highly crumpled characteristics. The SEM–energy‐dispersive spectroscopy shows that S is evenly distributed on the surface of SGF and doping amount of S is 4.6 wt%. SGF can attain high gravimetric and areal specific capacitance of 232.8 F g−1 and 672.5 mF cm−2 at 0.5 A g−1 and 1 mA cm−2 current density, respectively. The SGF shows excellent cycle stability (94.1% capacity retention after 10 000 cycles at 2.0 mA cm−2). Then, the assembled flexible SGF//SGF all‐solid‐state symmetric supercapacitor device can deliver a high energy density of 12.17 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 499.85 kW kg−1. The in situ doping method provides a simplistic and low‐cost synthesis process, which is suitable for large‐scale production of SGF. Furthermore, the well‐developed approach is applied to prepare arbitrary S‐doped matrix of carbon. Simultaneously, the fabricated SGF as the electrode material of flexible supercapacitor devices has great advantages in wearable electronics.
High‐Efficiency Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells for Laser Energy Transfer Underwater
Authors: Guo Xin , Chen Xiaoming , Li Qingyuan , Zhang Guodong , Ding Guoyu , Li Fenghua , Shi Yifeng , Zhang Yang , Wang Haonan , Zheng Yifan , Shao Yuchuan
Published: April 2023

Wide‐bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a promising technology with a series of potential applications, including tandem photovoltaics, solar‐driven electrochemical energetic devices, and outfit morphing power supply for underwater equipment. However, the energy‐level difference between the charge transport layer and perovskite may result in inefficient interfacial charge extraction, leading to the series carrier accumulation at the interface that impairs the photovoltaic performance. Herein, [6,6]‐phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester is introduced between SnO2 and FAPbBr3 to alleviate the energy‐level mismatch. Significant photoluminescence quenches and decreased series resistance both verify the promoted interfacial charge extraction efficiency. Besides, the film on the flattened nonwetting electronic transport layers film has better quality, thus reducing defect density and nonradiative recombination. As a result, a 20% power conversion efficiency (PCE) improvement, from 7.02% to 8.55%, is achieved under AM1.5G illumination. More importantly, for the first time, this work demonstrates a highly efficient PSC with a PCE over 43% under the 532 nm laser condition, providing a promising wireless fast charging way with high‐power laser irradiation in deep ocean.
Characterization of landslide displacements in an active fault zone in Northwest China
Authors: Shi Xuguo , Hu Xie
Published: April 2023

Landslides can be caused by natural forcing and anthropogenic activities. Zhouqu County (China) on the eastern margin of Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau is set within the active Pingding‐Huama fault zone with evident fractures on the land surface. Frequent landslides and debris flows have occurred in this region due to river erosion, rainfall and deforestation. Here we quantified the slope movements using time‐series synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) based on the ascending and descending Sentinel‐1 satellite images acquired between October 2014 and August 2020. We observed distinct displacements in the highly fractured fault zone. The eastward and vertical displacement time series between February 2017 and July 2020 were constrained by the common‐day ascending and descending acquisitions. The eastward rates (461 mm/year) were greater than those in the vertical direction (−185 mm/year). We also note displacement discontinuities across the thrust faults beneath the Suoertou and Zhongpai landslides. Seasonal variations in the displacement time series suggest that the cyclic rainfall is the primary driver for the mass wasting processes rather than the tectonic loading. As a complement to in situ observations, our results demonstrate that InSAR is an effective tool to characterize the spatio‐temporal nature of landslide displacements in complicated geological environments.

Plain Language Summary

Zhouqu County in the Pingding‐Huama fault zone in the eastern margin of Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau is identified as a high priority site to research on clusters of landslides and debris flows in a mixed geodynamic setting of active tectonics, seasonal rainfall, river erosion and anthropogenic activities. However, our knowledge about landslide kinematics in this complicated region is still limited. We relied on remote sensing images from one ascending and one descending Sentinel‐1 satellite tracks to constrain the spatial–temporal displacement dynamics of active landslides from 2014 to 2020. The spatial patterns of displacements are determined by thrust faulting, river erosion, and anthropogenic activities. The temporal variations of landslide speed are mainly controlled by the seasonal rainfall rather than the tectonic loading.
Utilities Can Be the Link to Drive Commercial and Industrial Battery Energy Storage
Authors: Swartout Brandon
Published: April 2023

Behind‐the‐meter (BTM), commercial and industrial (C&I), and battery energy storage systems (BESS) are well‐positioned for significant growth over the next decade. While currently a nascent technology, a strong mix of federal and state incentives coupled with state and federal electrification goals will drive market expansion significantly through 2030. Awareness and willingness to install BTM BESS at commercial and industrial companies across the United States is growing and several providers are offering a suite of storage systems and battery optimizing software to customers in anticipation of the next wave of the clean energy transition. A recent survey conducted by West Monroe of the key buyers of energy solutions at 70 US‐based companies across a variety of industries indicated that 84 percent of companies are aware of battery energy storage systems and 82 percent of those aware are indicating they are likely to implement a solution in the next five years.
Controllable Doping of Mn into Ni0.075‐xMnxAl0.025(OH)2(CO3)0.0125·yH2O for Efficient Adsorption of Fluoride Ions
Authors: Wagassa Ararso N. , Tufa Lemma T. , Lee Jaebeom , Zereffa Enyew A. , Shifa Tofik A.
Published: April 2023

Here, the structural, optical, and adsorptive behaviors of Ni0.075‐xMnxAl0.025(OH)2(CO3)0.0125·yH2O (Ni‐Mn/Al) layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are investigated to capture fluoride from aqueous media. The 2D mesoporous plate‐like Ni‐Mn/Al LDHs are successfully prepared via a co‐precipitation method. The molar ratio of divalent to trivalent cations is maintained at 3:1 and the pH at 10. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results confirm that the samples consist of pure LDH phases with a basal spacing of 7.66 to 7.72 Å, corresponding to the (003) planes at 2θ of 11.47o and the average crystallite sizes of 4.13 to 8.67 nm. The plate‐like Mn‐doped Ni‐Al LDH consists of many superimposed nanosheets with a size of 9.99 nm. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopies confirm the incorporation of Mn2+ into the Ni‐Al LDH. UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy results indicate that incorporating Mn2+ into LDH enhances its interaction with light. The experimental data from the batch fluoride adsorption studies are subjected to kinetic models such as pseudo‐first order and pseudo‐second order. The kinetics of fluoride retention on Ni‐Mn/Al LDH obey the pseudo‐second‐order model. The Temkin equation well describes the equilibrium adsorption of fluoride. The results from the thermodynamic studies also indicate that fluoride adsorption is exothermic and spontaneous.
Developing an evaluation approach to consider the influence of country context on environmental impact assessment performance, from a southern African perspective
Authors: Aljareo Abdulhakim , Watson Ingrid , Schwaibold Ute
Published: April 2023

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) as an environmental policy has been adopted in some countries. However, in terms of achieving its stated objectives in the developing country context, EIA system performance often falls short compared with the developed country context. Evaluation of EIA system performance has gained considerable attention with the aim of ensuring the achievement of its purpose, most recognizably the promotion of sustainable development through informed decision-making. Different evaluation approaches have been developed and applied to explore areas of inadequacy in the EIA system components, EIA implementation, and EIA report. Researchers have considered the context of the EIA system as the underlying cause of its limited performance in developing countries. However, the literature has not rigorously explored the relationship between EIA system performance and country context, and it is the subject of ongoing debate. Our aim in this article is to contribute to the practical analysis of the influence of country context on EIA system performance. Drawing on the conceptual frameworks and evaluation methods in the literature, we propose an evaluation approach to the EIA system performance that combines the importance of considering the country context in the evaluation process. It consists of EIA system components, EIA report, and an indicative set of country context indicators. The developed evaluation approach was validated by applying it to four case studies from southern Africa. The South African case study results are presented here. The outcome is a practical evaluation approach that promotes understanding of the relationship between EIA system performance and country context and can improve EIA system performance. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1510–1524. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Classifications of benign and malignant mammogram images using Gabor‐modified CNN architecture
Authors: Swetha V. , Vadivu G.
Published: April 2023

Breast cancer is one of the leading life killing cancers in women patients around the world. Digital mammogram is used to detect and segment the abnormal mass portions in breast region. In this article, the breast cancer regions are detected and segmented using the Gabor transform based Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) classification approach. This proposed breast cancer detection method consist of the following modules Kirsch's edge detector, Gabor transform, CNN classification and Segmentation. The cancer pixels and healthy pixels are differentiated in edge pixels. Hence, the Kirsch's edge detector is used to detect the fine edge boundary pixelsthe  in source mammogram image. Then, the spatial edge detected mammogram image is converted into multi resolution mammogram image using Gabor transform. This transformed multi resolution mammogram image is classified into Normal, Benign or Malignant in this article using the proposed CNN architecture. The developed CNN structure extracts more complex feature maps from their internal layers to improve the classification rate. The conventional and proposed CNN structure is differed with respect to the internal layers. The proposed CNN structure is optimized by reducing the usage of the internals and increases Convolutional Filters (CF) in each Convolutional Layer during utilization design process. After classification process over, the cancer regions in the abnormal mammogram images are segmented using morphological functions. The proposed breast cancer detection is evaluated on Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS) dataset and their cancer region segmentation results are 98.4% of sensitivity, 98.9% of specificity and 99.2% of cancer region segmentation accuracy. The average Detection Rate (DR) of the proposed breast cancer detection method is about 98.3% on the set of mammogramthe  images from MIAS dataset. These simulation results are compared with other state‐of‐the art methods and cross verified by the k‐fold verification algorithm.
EXPRESSION OF CONCERN: Intratumoral microbiota is associated with prognosis in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Li Yuqing , Zhang Dengwei , Wang Minghua , Jiang Haowen , Feng Chenchen , Li Yong‐Xin
Published: April 2023

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare but aggressive malignancy. Recent studies have discovered a pivotal role of the intratumoral microbiota in various cancers, yet it remains elusive in ACC. Here, we explored the intratumoral microbiome data derived from in silico identification, further validated in an in‐house cohort by bacterial 16S rRNA fluorescence in situ hybridization and lipopolysaccharide staining. Unsupervised clustering determined two naturally distinct clusters of the intratumoral microbiome in ACC, which was associated with overall survival. The incorporation of microbial signatures enhanced the prognostic performance of the clinical stage in an immunity‐dependent manner. Genetic and transcriptomic association analyses identified significant upregulation of the cell cycle and p53 signaling pathways associated with microbial signatures for worsened prognosis. Our study not only supports the presence of intratumoral bacteria but also implies a prognostic and biological role of intratumoral microbiota in ACC, which can advance a better understanding of the biology of ACC.
Impact of pharmacist‐led discharge medication reconciliation at an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Clark Collin M. , Carden Dominick , Seyse Stephanie , Cieri‐Hutcherson Nicole E. , Woodruff Ashley E.
Published: April 2023

Prior studies evaluating the impact of pharmacist‐led discharge medication reconciliation have demonstrated higher rates of medication discrepancy detection and intervention with variable effects on hospital readmission. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a newly developed pharmacist‐led hospital discharge medication reconciliation process implemented with an interdisciplinary Internal Medicine Service. This was a retrospective, single‐center, pre‐post observational cohort study. Institutional review board approval was obtained. The primary end point was quantification and categorization of medication discrepancies identified on the hospital discharge medication list. Secondary end points included characterization of interventions made during the discharge medication reconciliation process, and 30‐day hospital readmission rates that were adjusted using a multivariable logistic regression model. A total of 144 patients were included in the pharmacist‐led discharge medication reconciliation intervention group and 144 patients were included in the historical control. There was a statistically significant four‐fold reduction in the number of medication discrepancies identified on discharge medication lists in the intervention group (77 vs. 18 in the historical control vs. intervention groups, respectively; p < 0.0001). When adjusted for length of stay (L), acuity of the admission (A), comorbidity of the patient (C), and emergency department use in the last 6 months (E) (LACE) index and age, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for 30‐day readmission was 0.51 (95% confidence interval: 0.27–0.95) in the intervention versus the historical control group. Implementation of an interdisciplinary pharmacist‐led discharge medication reconciliation program was associated with a significant reduction in medication discrepancies on the discharge medication list, as well as a reduction in the adjusted odds of 30‐day hospital readmission.
Trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress, and identity content valences among Japanese adolescents
Authors: Hihara Shogo , Truskauskaite‐Kuneviciene Inga , Abe Kazuaki , Daniunaite Ieva , Haramaki Yutaka , Kazlauskas Evaldas , Sugimura Kazumi , Zelviene Paulina , Kabir Russell S. , Masuda Narumi , Kamite Yuka
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Theorists and a few empirical studies have suggested that traumatic experiences, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and complex PTSD (CPTSD) may affect identity development. However, existing studies have overlooked how adolescents' traumas are associated with the alignment of their identity with socio‐cultural expectations, which is a crucial component of identity development. To address this gap, this study examined the associations of various types of potentially traumatic experiences and PTSD and CPTSD symptoms with the positive and negative valences of identity affected by desirable and undesirable images within socio‐cultural contexts.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey of 341 adolescents (44.0% girls; Mage = 14.8, SD = 1.8) was conducted in Japan.

Results

Exposure to certain types of potentially traumatic events (e.g., family violence and physical attack) were related to high levels of negative identity elements, whereas none of the types were related to positive identity elements. The results also indicated that CPTSD‐specific symptoms of disturbances in self‐organization (DSO) were related to high levels of negative identity elements rather than PTSD.

Conclusions

The findings expand upon related research by suggesting that adolescents' exposure to some types of traumatic events (e.g., family violence and physical attack) and posttraumatic DSO symptoms have the potential to disturb the alignment of their identities with socio‐cultural expectations.
Examining readiness for implementing practice changes in federally qualified health centers: A rapid qualitative study
Authors: Dias Emanuelle M. , Walker Timothy J. , Craig Derek W. , Gibson Robert , Szeszulski Jacob , Brandt Heather M. , Johnson Hiluv , Lamont Andrea , Wandersman Abraham , Fernandez Maria E.
Published: April 2023

Implementing evidence‐based interventions remains slow in federally qualified health centers (FQHCs). The purpose of this study is to qualitatively examine the R = MC2 (Readiness = motivation × innovation specific capacity × general capacity) heuristic subcomponents in the context of implementing general and colorectal cancer screening (CRCS)‐related practice changes in FQHCs. We conducted 17 interviews with FQHC employees to examine (1) experiences with successful or unsuccessful practice change efforts, (2) using approaches to promote CRCS, and (3) opinions about R = MC2 subcomponents. We conducted a rapid qualitative analysis to examine the frequency, depth, and spontaneity of subcomponents. Priority, compatibility, observability (motivation), intra‐ and interorganizational relationships (innovation‐specific capacity), and organizational structure and resource utilization (general capacity) emerged as highly relevant. For example, organizational structure was described as related to an organization's open communication during meetings to help with scheduling procedures. The results contribute to understanding organizational readiness in the FQHC setting and can be helpful when identifying and prioritizing barriers and facilitators that affect implementation.
Nonabelian flows in networks
Authors: van Gent D. M. H.
Published: April 2023

In this work we consider a generalization of graph flows. A graph flow is, in its simplest formulation, a labelling of the directed edges with real numbers subject to various constraints. A common constraint is conservation in a vertex, meaning that the sum of the labels on the incoming edges of this vertex equals the sum of those on the outgoing edges. One easy fact is that if a flow is conserving in all but one vertex, then it is also conserving in the remaining one. In our generalization we do not label the edges with real numbers, but with elements from an arbitrary group, where this fact becomes false in general. As we will show, graphs with the property that conservation of a flow in all but one vertex implies conservation in all vertices are precisely the planar graphs.
Early experience with robotic central pancreatectomy with patient‐reported outcomes and comparison with open central pancreatectomy
Authors: Ajay Pranay S. , Eng Nina L. , Sok Caitlin P. , Mustin Danielle E. , Cardona Kenneth , Sarmiento Juan M. , Shah Mihir. M. , Russell Maria C. , Maithel Shishir K. , Kooby David A.
Published: April 2023

Background

Robotic central pancreatectomy (CP) has emerged in recent years as a noninferior approach to open CP and may offer improved patient‐reported outcomes and reduction in incisional hernias.

Methods

All patients who underwent open and robotic CP between (2013 and 2022) were selected, and perioperative outcomes were analyzed. Patients who underwent robotic CP were interviewed over the phone to assess patient‐reported postoperative outcomes.

Results

A total of 18 CP operations (56%—open vs. 44%—robotic) were identified. The overall median age was 67 years (interquartile range: 60–72), and 50% (n = 9) of patients were female. Median length of surgery was statistically longer for robotic CP (411 vs. 138 min, p = 0.002); all other intraoperative variables were similar. Postoperatively, a similar number of patients in the open and robotic cohorts developed clinically significant postoperative pancreatic fistulas (37.5% vs. 30%, p = 1) and major complications (37.5% vs. 20%, p = 0.60), respectively. No patients in the robotic cohort developed an incisional hernia, compared to 40% (n = 4) in open (p = 0.08). All patients returned to a baseline level of activity and reported a high quality of life.

Conclusion

With the exception of longer operative times, robotic CP is a noninferior, definitive resection technique for select lesions of the middle pancreas. Additionally, the robotic approach may result in a reduction in incisional hernia development.