bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Properties and Fractographical Analysis by Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM) of Laser Textured Bi(Pb)-2212 Superconducting Materials
Authors: Capel F. , Madre M.A. , Sotelo A. , Mora M. , Diez J.C. , López-Cepero José M.
Published: March 2009

Vitreous cylinders with compositions Bi2-xPbxSr2CaCu2Oy, (x = 0 and 0.4) were prepared and used
as precursors to fabricate textured bars through a Laser Floating Zone melting method (LFZ). The
resulting textured cylindrical bars were annealed and were mechanically characterized through
mechanical strength, σ, Young modulus, E, Vickers hardness, H, and Weibull parameters, S0 and m.
The study of the mechanisms controlling the fracture process was made by means of the
fractographical analysis using Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM). Finally, the
microstructure was determined and correlated with the mechanical properties.
Carbon Nanowalls Formation by Radical Controlled Plasma Process
Authors: Hori Masaru , Hiramatsu Minoru
Published: March 2009

Carbon nanowalls (CNWs), i.e., two-dimensional carbon nanostructures, were fabricated
using fluorocarbon capacitively coupled plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition assisted by H
radical injection. The correlation between CNW growth and the fabrication conditions was
investigated. The morphologies of CNWs were dependent on the types of carbon source gases and
the amount of H radicals injected. In addition, H and CFx (x=1-3) radical densities in the plasma
were measured using vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy and appearance mass
spectrometry, respectively, to clarify the growth mechanism of CNWs. The density ratio of H
radicals to CFx radicals was found to be an important factor responsible for the formation of CNWs
from fluorocarbon/hydrogen systems and increased drastically as a result of H radical injection.
Effect of Bias Voltage on the Physical Properties of Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon Films Grown by Electron Cyclotron Resonance Chemical Vapour Deposition
Authors: Buijnsters J.G. , Camero M. , Vázquez L. , Agullo-Rueda F. , Gómez-Aleixandre C. , Albella J.M.
Published: March 2009

In the present work, a-C:H films have been grown from argon/methane gas mixtures by
Electron Cyclotron Resonance Chemical Vapour Deposition (ECRCVD). The effect of the
application of a dc bias voltage to the silicon substrate material on the structural,
morphological and mechanical properties of the films has been explored by multiple analysis
techniques such as IR and micro-Raman spectroscopy, AFM, nano-indentation and pin-ondisk
wear testing. In general, within the range of –300 V to +100 V applied substrate bias we
have observed a strong correlation between all measured properties of the grown a-C:H films
and the ion energy. Though it is known that the ion energy is one of the crucial parameters in
plasma grown films, this work clearly shows that the properties of the a-C:H layers can differ
greatly and indicates a threshold energy for the production of hard, low-friction coatings in
the order of 80-90 eV. Moreover, this threshold energy is also combined with a sharp
transition from rough, cauliflower-like film surfaces towards ultrasmooth, featureless
topographies. This correlation suggests that at energies higher than 80 eV the ion
bombardment affects simultaneously the surface morphology and the internal bonding
structure.
CVD Grow of Nano Diamond and Other Carbon Materials on Porous Carbon
Authors: Zhao Bin Yuan , Li Rong Bin , Xu Jie , Lin Dan Dan , He Xian Chang , Fan Tong Xiang , Zhang Di , Hu Ke Ao
Published: March 2009

In this paper, porous carbon was made from biomass derived carbonaceous mesophase
and carbonaceous fillers, and further applied as the substrate for CVD grow of nano carbon
materials. With the assistance of microwave plasma, the acetone gas was decomposed into carbon
and grew on the surface of the porous carbon, which produce ballas diamonds, carbon tubes, nets,
petal, and other structures.
Synthesis and Characterization of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Grown by Chemical Deposition of Ethanol Vapor
Authors: Golikov F.V. , Pozharov A.S. , Obraztsova E.D. , Arutyunyan N.R. , Terekhov Serge V. , Chernov A.I. , Konov V.I. , Iskhakova Liudmila , Lobach A.S.
Published: March 2009

In this work the method of single-wall carbon nanotube synthesis based on chemical
vapor deposition from ethanol vapor has been developed. The films grown have been characterized
in detail by the electron microscopy and the Raman scattering techniques. A typical split tangential
mode (at 1592 cm-1) and a number of "breathing" modes (150-270 cm-1) have been revealed in the
Raman spectra for a variety of synthesis regimes. It was possible to change the geometrical
parameters of nanotubes by playing with the synthesis conditions. A key role of the catalyst (Co,
Co:Mo) preparation has been revealed. A special procedure of the catalyst crystal growth has been
developed.
Thermal CVD Growth of Carbon Nanotubes Thick Layers
Authors: Porro Samuele , Musso Simone , Giorcelli Mauro , Tagliaferro Alberto
Published: March 2009

Since their discovery, carbon nanotubes received a great deal of attention because of
unique physical and chemical properties. However, in order to become of interest in the field of
super resistant fibers for nanocomposite materials or in the production of textile material, very long
carbon nanotubes are needed. Massive samples of well packed, vertically aligned and very long selfstanding
multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) were synthesized on uncoated silicon by a very
efficient thermal CVD process, which involved the co-evaporation of camphor and ferrocene in a
nitrogen atmosphere. We obtained structures with diameter between 20 and 80 nm with an average
growth rate of about 400 nm/s, organized in thick carpets of entangled nanotubes. By the weight of
the deposited carpet of MWNTs (density circa 0.8 g/cm3) the conversion of about 30% of the total
hydrocarbon feedstock was calculated.
Morphology and physical properties were characterized by electron microscopy techniques, Micro-
Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The analyses performed showed the absence
of secondary carbonaceous products, whereas only 6% in weight of ferromagnetic iron clusters are
present. BET analysis was used to calculate the porosity and the specific surface area density of the
as grown samples, which resulted approximately 70 m2/g. Hydrophobicity of the CNT carpet was
also investigated.
Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes by the Catalytic Decomposition of Methane
Authors: Inoue Masashi , Asai Kouta , Nagayasu Yoshiyuki , Takane Koji , Yagasaki Eriko
Published: March 2009

The influence of morphology of the support particles upon the nickel-catalyzed
decomposition of methane into carbon nanotubes and hydrogen was explored using a
thermogravimetric apparatus. High carbon nanotube yield was attained by the Ni catalysts supported
on the glycothermally synthesized ZrO2 and Er3Ga5O12 particles, which had spherical shapes. Quite
high carbon yield was also obtained by the Ni catalyst supported on spherical Al2O3 particles
(Nanophase Tech. Corp.). It was concluded that the most important factor governing the carbon yield
is the morphology of the catalyst support, which contributes to the internal pressure of carbon
nanotubes thus determining their chemical potentials.
Nanodiamond Lateral Field Emission Diode Devices
Authors: Subramanian Karthik , Kang W.P. , Davidson J.L.
Published: March 2009

We are fabricating and examining nanocarbon derived electron emission devices,
specifically, nanodiamond lateral field emission diodes. These novel microstructures provide
interesting means of accomplishing electronics that are unaffected by temperature and radiation and
have promise for high-speed and high-power applications with their small inter-electrode spacing
and efficient emitter geometry. The characteristic properties of nanocrystalline diamond are
favourable for lateral field emitters. In this work, we report the fabrication process advancement and
field emission behavior of the nanodiamond comb-shaped field emitter array in diode configuration.
The lateral diode design includes arrays of high aspect-ratio nanodiamond emitter fingers arranged
in a comb-like structure with spacing as small as 2 μm from the nanodiamond anode. The 9000-
fingered lateral field emission diode (8 μm anode-cathode spacing) exhibited a turn-on voltage of 60
V (threshold electric field: 7.5 V/μm) and a high emission current over ~ 25 mA at an anode voltage
of 260 V (electric field ~ 32 V/μm).
Bioactive Glass-Ceramic Porous Sinters
Authors: Sindut R. , Cholewa-Kowalska Katarzyna , Łączka Maria
Published: March 2009

Bioglasses and bioactive glass-ceramics have found increasingly wide application in
medicine and dentistry. Using sol-gel method, is possible to obtain glass and glass-ceramic
bioactive materials of new generation, characterized the higher bioactivity than melted bioglasses.
These materials can be produced in various final forms, as powders, thin layers on different base
and porous sinters. Production of porous bioactive sinters from gel-derived powders is a new
problem and the parameters controlling this process are not recognized yet. The aim of the study
was to obtain porous bioactive sinters from gel-derived powders of the SiO2-CaO-P2O5 system of
four various chemical compositions (S2, II, I, A2) and the characterization of properties of these
new materials. The starting powders differ from each other in the content of the basic components,
at the molar ratio of CaO to SiO2 equals 0.2-1.35. To obtain the porous sinters a method of burning
additions and deposition of the casting slip on the polymeric sponge was used. Sintering was
realized in several stages, at the maximal temperature 1200oC. By selecting appropriate conditions
of sintering, a durable material of high open porosity up to 77 % was obtained. Its porous structure
was characterized by a prevailing number of small micropores of similar dimensions, uniformly
distributed in the material. The phase composition of obtained sinters was determined by the X-ray
diffraction method. All sinters represented glass-ceramic materials with apatite, cristoballite and
calcium silicates as a main crystalline phases. In order to preliminary determination bioactivity of
obtained sinters, test in vitro in simulated body fluid SBF was conducted. It was found that
hydroxyapatite formation on the sinter surface occurs only in the case of biomaterials of highest
calcium concentration.
Reinforcement of Denture Base Resin
Authors: Nejatian T. , Johnson A. , Van Noort R.
Published: March 2009

The fracture resistance of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) the most popular
denture base materials, is not satisfactory. The aim of this study is to improve the mechanical
properties of PMMA by adding filler particles. Different inorganic filler particles including
micronised glass flakes, acryl silane micronised, glass flakes 350nm, TiO2 and ZrO2 with
different ratios by weight were incorporated into heat-cure plain PMMA and processed with
optimal condition [2.5:1 Powder/ monomer ratio, conventional packing method and water
bath curing for 2 hours at 95°C] to produce 12mm diameter and 2mm thick discs. Plain
PMMA without additives was prepared as a test control. Three types of mechanical tests,
biaxial flexure, microindentation fracture toughness and Vickers hardness were carried out on
the samples. It was found that incorporating the particles did not improve the biaxial flexural
strength of the resin. However, TiO2, ZrO2 and micronised glass flakes increased the fracture
toughness of the resin. The hardness of PMMA was improved by the incorporation of all the
particles.
Pull-Out Strength Analysis of Quartz Fibre Posts in Dental Implants
Authors: Visco Anna Maria , Calabrese L. , Campo Nino , Bonavita A. , Torrisi Lorenzo
Published: March 2009

In order to rebuild the decayed teeth it’s necessary to re-establish the elastic properties of lost
dental tissues, replacing them with restorative materials. A not corrected reconstructive method in
the dental implant could reduce the mechanical performance causing its progressive premature
failure. In this work composite materials, based on quartz fibers posts and adhesive resins, were
employed with the aim to restore damaged teeth. Two groups of extracted teeth were rebuilt with two
different techniques. In the first group of samples (A) the fiber quartz post and the adhesive resins
were simply located into the dental implant and then cured by a light source. In the second group
(B) the post and the resin were in situ preformed and then photo-cured; the pre-formed post was
then cemented to the tooth with the same procedure of the group A. The two different types of dental
restorations were mechanically characterized with a pull-out test with an universal testing machine
(Lloyd LR10K). The experimental results showed that the B group samples have an higher
mechanical strength than the A group samples, evidencing a better interface adhesion between post–
adhesive–tooth. The difference of means of pull out stress data was statistically confirmed by the
ANOVA method.
The Effect of Surface Roughness Difference on Bone Integration of Anodic Oxidized Ti Alloy Implants
Authors: Yamagami Akiyoshi , Ehara Yuji , Kanda Shogo , Fukazawa Takahisa , Yoshihara Yusuke , Suwa Fumihiko
Published: March 2009

At present, immediate loading of dental implants is of great interest. The key of this
issue is how quickly implant can acquire firm fixation in the jaw bone, and how quickly
the superstructure can be fabricated. In order to achieve these, it is necessary a large
surface area of the implant and to promote early contact of the surrounding bone which
can bear the load. In addition to this, anodic oxidization was carried out to prevent ion
elution from titanium and titanium alloy in the body.
The experiment was conducted with cylindrical Ti alloy test pieces of 4 different surface
roughnesses (Ra=1.1μm, 1.2μm, 2.7μm, 4,7μm).
These test pieces were treated by sandblasting and anodization, and implanted into the
diaphysis of the femur of New Zealand white rabbits. Six weeks later, shear loading
tests and histological examination were carried out. Strong interfacial bonding strength
and active new bone formation were confirmed in the peripheral area of the test pieces
having a surface roughness of Ra=2.7μm and 4,7μm. Judging from the stable fixation
against the shear loading in the bone tissue seen in group C(Ra=2.7μm), it was
Bone Regeneration with β-TCP/PLGC Membranes
Authors: Koyama Yoshihisa , Kikuchi Masanori , Tanaka Shigeo , Tanaka M. , Takakuda Kazuo
Published: March 2009

In the treatment based on Guided Bone Regeneration method (GBR), membranes are
necessary to cover bone defects and prevent the invasion of surrounding soft tissues. In spite of the
potential usefulness of GBR method, no appropriate materials for the membrane have been
developed and this method is not utilized frequently in common clinical practice. Here we
developed materials such as a composite of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and copolymer of
L-lactide, glycolide and ε-caplolactone (PLGC), and designed the novel GBR membranes with ideal
mechanical properties. The materials had good biocompatibility, and the membrane had sufficient
strength although their thickness was as thin as 200 μm. The membranes were applied to large bone
defects created in canine mandibular bones, and significant enhancement in bone regeneration was
demonstrated.
Alumina, Zirconia and Zircon as Bone Substitute. Experimental Work on Dogs’ Jaw
Authors: Cossi Laura L.
Published: March 2009

This Study is based on the search and selection of suitable bioceramic materials as bone
substitute in cases where the osseous tissue is lost. A total of 42 pieces were used divided in 3
groups: 14 of Alumina (Al2O3), 14 of Zirconia (ZrO2) and 14 of Zircon (ZrSiO4). The bioceramic
materials were inserted on 21 adult dogs divided in 3 groups of 7 animals, implanted on both sides
of the jaw. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the ceramic-bone interface. The results
obtained were verified through clinical, radiographic and histological exams at the 40th day of the
postoperatory time. A fibrous capsule was found in 36% of the cases where ZrO2 was inserted in
contraposition with the Al2O3 and the ZrSiO4 where the bone formation was verified in 100 % and
92 % respectively.
Characterization of the Tissue-Bioceramic Interface In Vivo Using New Preparation and Analytical Tools
Authors: Engqvist Hakan , Jarmar Tobias , Svahn Fredrik , Hermansson Leif , Thomsen Peter
Published: March 2009

A key feature in the understanding of the mechanisms of integration of implant materials is a
deepened in-sight of the elemental and molecular composition of the interface zone between the
implant and tissue. To analyze the interface at the ultrastructural level, transmission electron microscopy
(TEM) is needed. However, techniques to fabricate thin foils for TEM are difficult and time consuming.
By using focused ion beam microscopy (FIB) for site-specific preparation of TEM-samples, intact
interfaces between bioceramics and calcified tissue can be prepared. The site-specific accuracy of the
technique is about 1 mm. By using a dual-beam FIB, which is a combined scanning electron and
focused ion beam microscope, the sample can be imaged with both electrons and ions (generating both
secondary electrons and ions). Results from interface studies between Ca-aluminate based orthopaedic
cement, dental materials, HA-coated Ti-implants and bone are presented. The interfaces were imaged
in scanning-TEM and bright field mode, the crystal structures were determined using electron
diffraction and elemental composition analyzed with energy dispersive spectroscopy. The technique
fulfils a demand to correlate the surface properties of bioceramic implants with the structure and
composition of preserved interfaces with tissues.
Improvement of Hydroxyapatite Deposition on Titanium Dental Implant Using ArF Laser Ablation: Effect on Osteoblast Biocompatibility In Vitro
Authors: Hashimoto Yoshiya , Kusunoki Masanobu , Hatanaka Ryota , Hamano Keiko , Nishikawa Hiroaki , Hosoi Yoshihiko , Hontsu Shigeki , Nakamura Masaaki
Published: March 2009

To develop a better surface conformation of titanium dental implants, we examined the in vitro
biocompatibility of a thin natural apatite (NA) film deposited by laser ablation. Thin (2000-Å)
hydroxyapatite (HA) and NA films were deposited on titanium discs using an ArF excimer laser
operating at a repletion rate of 10 Hz and annealed by heating at 360°C for 1 h. Energy dispersive
analysis of the NA film revealed peaks of Na and Mg in addition Ca and P. X-ray diffraction
showed that crystalline HA was present in the HA and NA films. Primary mouse osteoblast grew
faster and had higher alkaline phosphatase activity when grown in NA films than on HA films or a
bare titanium surface. In addition, osteocalsin production by these cells was higher on HA and NA
than bare titanium, but there was no significant difference between cells grown on HA and NA.
Thus surface modification with NA film may contribute to successful osteoblast function and
differentiation at titanium interface.
Successful Development of Artificial Dental Root of the Gompholic System by Means of Bioceramics
Authors: Nishihara Katsunari
Published: March 2009

The conventional concept of dental implants completely lacks odontology. Therefore, the dental implant system is quite different from the gompholic mammalian tooth system. Developmental research on artificial dental roots of the mammalian gompholic system has been carried out by the author successfully for the first time in the world from the viewpoint of odontology. Characteristics of the mammalian tooth system are gompholic and heterodontia with tribosphenic tritubercular molars. The meaning of heterodontia in morphology, i.e., several variations in crown and root shapes in different sites of mammalian jawbones are optimal shapes according to the different tooth functions, i.e., sphenic incisors and canines, and tribosphenic-tritubercular molars. For the optimal shapes of teeth adapted to their functions, the gompholic joint system is inevitable, i.e., fibrous articulation with cementoblasts, ligaments with capillaries, and the alveolar bone proper (socket bone). From this viewpoint, the author has developed artificial dental roots of the heterodontia gompholic system. Integrated research on animal experiments, biomechanical research as well as clinical research, have been carried out. It has been proved by microanalyses, microscopy, and scanning electromicroscopy (SEM) that cementoblasts, the cementum, periodontal ligaments, and the alveolar bone proper (socket bone), develop around artificial roots.
Development of Nano-Ceramic Coating on a Substrate through Covalent Linkage and its Biological Properties
Authors: Furuzono Tsutomu
Published: March 2009

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) has unique properties for biomaterials such as
hard-tissue-compatible material for bone and tooth and also soft-tissue-compatible
materials for skin tissue. However, the hard and brittle nature of HAp limits spreading
many medical devices. Recently, a unique composite of sintered HAp nano-crystals --
ceramics -- covalently coupled to polymer substrates was developed -- Nano-Ceramic
Coating --. The development was depended on the two original technologies: (1)
control of size/morphology of high-dispersed sintered nano-HAp, (2) donation of
covalent bonding between nano-HAp and substrates to coat strongly on the surface.
The nano-composite material holds not only the mechanical properties of the substrate
but also biological properties of the ceramics coated on the surface. In this report, the
method of synthesis of high-dispersed nano-HAp, the preparation of the nano-composite,
the biological properties with cells or animal tissue, and especially, the development of
medical devices, such as percutaneous device or blood vessel and so on, made of the
composite will be presented.
Bioceramics: Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) of Calcium Phosphates
Authors: Drouet Christophe , Largeot C. , Raimbeaux G. , Estournès Claude , Dechambre Gérard , Combes Christèle , Rey Christian
Published: March 2009

Calcium phosphates (Ca-P) are major constituents of calcified tissues, and are also
extensively used for the elaboration of biomaterials. However, the usual high-temperature sintering
processes generally lead to strong alterations of their chemical, physical and biological properties.
Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is a non-conventional sintering technique based on the use of pulsed
current, enabling fast heating and cooling rates, and lower sintering temperatures are often
observed. The sintering of several orthophosphates (DCPD, amorphous TCP, beta-TCP, OCP, HA
and biomimetic nanocrystalline apatites) by SPS was investigated in order to track potential
advantages of this technique over usual Ca-P sintering methods. Special attention was given to the
SPS consolidation of highly bioactive nanocrystalline apatites.
Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) Technique to Prepare Biocompatible Thin Films
Authors: Beltrano Joseph J. , Torrisi Lorenzo , Visco Anna Maria , Campo Nino , Rapisarda E.
Published: March 2009

A Nd:YAG laser is employed to ablate different materials useful in the bio-medical
field. The laser source operates in the IR (1064 nm), VIS (532 nm) and UV (355 nm) regions with a
pulse duration of 3-9 ns, a pulse energy of 3-300 mJ, a spot size of 1 mm2 and a repetition rate of 1-
30 Hz. Target material of interest are Titanium, Carbon, Hydroxyapatite (HA) and Polyethylene
(PE). Laser irradiation occurs in vacuum, where hot plasma is generated, and thin films are
deposited on near substrates. Generally, substrates of silicon, titanium, titanium-alloys and
polymers were employed. Biocompatible thin films are investigated with different surface
techniques, such as IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, XRD analysis and SEM investigations.
Depending of the kind of possible application, films require special properties concerning the grain
size, porosity, uniformity, wetting, hardness, adhesion, crystallinity and composition. The obtained
results will be presented and discussed with particular regard to HA..
Mechanical Behaviours of Coronary Stents
Authors: Ring György , Bognár Eszter , Dobránszky János , Ginsztler János , Major László
Published: March 2009

The role of the stents is to prevent restenosis. The rapid growth of stents’ application in
the treatment of cardiovascular diseases resulted in the unique development of these implants. This
is mainly due to the effective clinical trials, the success of which determined the use of these
endoprostheses. In this study the surface properties of the coronary stents were described by using
different methods (stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive analysis)
before and after balloon expansion. Furthermore, the most frequent failures caused by the expansion
were introduced. For investigating fatigue properties two high cycle fatigue test equipments were
used: the first one simulates the bending stress, and the second one simulates the effect of the
pulsating mechanical strain. Surface features of the stents were examined after the fatigue tests as
well: macroscopic damages were not originated on the stents, and the implants were not broken
down. Only small traces of fatigue occurred on the surface, which became rough; and slip lines and
grain boundaries were outlined.
Processing of Non-Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composites: An Overview
Authors: Naslain Roger R.
Published: March 2009

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) comprise a fiber reinforcement embedded in a ceramic matrix, the two main constituents being bonded through an interphase, which is a thin layer of a compliant material with a low shear stress, arresting and deflecting the matrix microcracks formed under load. Non-oxide CMCs, such as C/C ; C/SiC or SiC/SiC, are fabricated from a suitable precursor of the matrix, following a gaseous (CVI-process), a liquid (PIP and RMI processes) or a slurry (SI-HPS) routes. Each of these routes is briefly depicted focusing on fundamental aspects and its advantages and drawbacks discussed. Possible extensions of the processes to new composites are suggested. Finally, a comparison of these techniques, in terms of processability and composites properties is presented.
A New Generation of Boron-Based Ceramic Fibers: Design, Processing and Properties of SilicoBoron CarboNitride (SiBCN) Fibers from Boron-Modified Polyvinylsilazanes
Authors: Bernard Samuel , Weinmann Markus , Cornu David , Miele Philippe
Published: March 2009

Boron-modified polyvinylsilazanes have been studied for suitability as fiber precursor. A
melt-tractable polymer displaying Si- and N-bonded methyl groups was successfully processed into
green fibers ~18μm in diameter via a melt-spinning process. After the shaping process, the use of
an ammonia curing atmosphere at 200°C allowed to increase the ceramic yield of the polymer, then
avoid inter-fiber fusion during the further increase of the temperature. As-cured fibers were
annealed in the temperature range 1000-1800°C in a nitrogen atmosphere to provide SiBCN
ceramic fibers black colored, of flexible form and ~12μm in diameter in different crystallinity states
going from totally amorphous below 1600°C to well-crystallized at 1800°C. The excellent strength
retention after heat-treatment at 1600°C (1.3-1.5GPa) is clearly related to the high amorphous
stability of fibers. Elemental compositions of such amorphous fibers showed a typical chemical
formula of Si3.0B1.0C5.0N2.4. Between 1600°C and 1700°C, the fiber strength decreased to 0.9GPa
then dropped to about one-quarter the original value at 1800°C while structural changes were
evident by XRD analysis.
Impregnation of 3D Woven Carbon Fibre Preforms by Electrophoretic Deposition of Single and Mix of Non Oxide Ceramic Nanoscale Powders, and Densification of the Composite Material
Authors: Eberling-Fux N. , Pailler R. , Guette A. , Bertrand Sebastien , Philippe Eric
Published: March 2009

3D woven carbon fibre preforms (~ 2 mm thickness) were impregnated with single or
mixture of non oxide ceramic nanoscale powders in ethanolic suspensions using electrophoretic
deposition (EPD). The measurement of the ζ potential of the suspension compared with its
behaviour in sedimentation permits to conclude about the optimal concentration of surfactant
necessary to get the most stable suspension. The experimental results were in agreement with the
theoretical ones obtained using DLVO (Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey and Overbeek) theory. EPDs
were carried out by applying a constant voltage between the 3D carbon fibre preform serving as
deposition electrode and counter electrodes in graphite. The effect of the powder concentration
on the rate and the quality of impregnation was studied. A qualitative model based on the
experimental results and literature was then proposed. Experiments were not only carried out on
raw 3D fibrous preforms but also on preforms with interphases. SEM and optical micrographies
of fractured and polished sections of the infiltrated fabrics revealed that a quite high degree of
infiltration (rates of impregnation estimated between 50 and 70 %) was obtained. At last, the
composite was densified using spark plasma sintering (SPS).
Sub-Wavelength Texturing for Solar Cells Using Interferometric Lithography
Authors: Chiu W.L. , Alkaisi M.M. , Kumaravelu G. , Blaikie R.J. , Reeves R.J. , Bittar A.
Published: March 2009

We have employed Interferometric Lithography (IL) for sub-wavelength surface texturing
on large area silicon substrates. Low defect density Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) processes have been
developed to transfer the pattern into the silicon using SF
6
plasma. Reflection measurements on the
sub-wavelength textured surface have been carried out and show a substantial reduction from ~30%
to below 4% over the spectrum range from 400nm to 1200nm. IL is a mask-less lithography
technique which is used to define periodic patterns. The theoretical limit of the pitch size of the
structure is half of the wavelength of the light source. Hence, the sub-wavelength patterns can be
achieved easily. Moreover, sub-wavelength texturing requires short RIE processes; most of the
plasma-induced damage on the silicon surface can be avoided.
Simulation of the Growth of Copper Films for Micro and Nano-Electronics
Authors: Cobian M. , Machado E. , Kaczmarski M. , Braida B. , Ordejon P. , Garg D. , Norman J. , Cheng H.
Published: March 2009

Copper is a desirable material to replace aluminum-based alloys in the metallization of
very large-scale integrated circuits, due to its high conductivity and reduced electromigration.
However, practical ways to grow high quality copper layers on top of the common materials used as
barrier layers on silicon is problematic, because of several issues, like poor adhesion and reduced
coverage of high aspect-ratio surface features. We will describe efforts in developing procedures
and chemical compounds for the growth of high quality films of copper on barrier layers. Our work
is based on ab-initio calculations of the energetics and dynamics of the growth processes involved,
including the interaction of the chemicals with the surfaces. The calculations presented use density
functional theory, and in particular the SIESTA code.
Nanostructured Films of Polyphthalocyanines for Sensor Applications
Authors: Anisimov V. , Borisov A. , Ivanova O. , Krutovertsev S. , Sherle A. , Oleinik E.
Published: March 2009

The physicochemical properties and optical characteristics changes of novel synthesized
polyphthalocyanines (PPc), containing Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Pb were investigated in different gas
medium. The paper studies the characteristics changes of PPc nanostructured films, which were
deposited on the interdigitated test structures and on the outside of U-shaped multimode cylindrical
waveguide. Sensitivity of the films to different gases, such as NH3, NOx, H2S, O2 was investigated.
Template Synthesis of Nanostructured Carbons
Authors: Kyotani Takashi , Orikasa Hironori
Published: March 2009

Uniform multiwalled carbon nanotubes can be synthesized using one-dimensional
nanochannels of an aluminum anodic oxide film as a template. This technique allows one to
prepare various types of unique carbon nanotubes. It is possible to prepare carbon nanotubes with a
double coaxial structure of heteroatom-doped multiwalls. Test tube like carbon prepared by this
technique was found to be dispersible in water without any post treatment. Moreover, a large
carbon film with millions of carbon nanopillars on its one side was synthesized and it was
demonstrated that such carbon film could be used as a corrosion-resistant but electrochemically
active film electrode. In addition to these morphological control, complete filling of ferromagnetic
metal into the whole cavity of carbon nanotubes was achieved by the template technique.
Probing the Role of Nanoroughness in Contact Mechanics by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Buzio Renato , Valbusa Ugo
Published: March 2009

Morphological information can be related to significant properties of solid bodies, like
their friction, adhesion and wear. The primary aim of the present contribution is to provide
evidences of the crucial role played by roughness in contact mechanics, based on Atomic Force
Microscopy investigations at the nanoscale. We report experimental results concerning
poly(dimethylsiloxane) colloidal probes indenting smooth substrates and discuss the dependence of
load-penetration curves and pull-off forces on system details. We suggest their use to perform novel
contact mechanics experiments on nanostructured rough surfaces.
Surface Resistance of La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 Epitaxial Thin Films Grown on Top of LaAlO3
Authors: Abad LI. , Martínez Ben , Valencia S. , Gaupp A. , Gudat W. , Balcells Ll.
Published: March 2009

In this work we present results of contact resistance between La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 (LCMO)
and Pt system. LCMO epitaxial thin films have been grown by rf sputtering on top of LaAlO3
(LAO) substrate. The contact between the manganite film and the metal have been prepared by exsitu
deposition of a 30 nm thick Pt layer on top of the manganite film by e-beam evaporation at
room temperature. Different nanostructured contact geometries have been defined by using a focus
ion beam system and then transport properties have been tested by means of AFM system working
on the current sensing mode with a doped diamond tip. We show that the top-most LCMO layers
do play a very relevant role on the transport properties acting as an insulating barrier. AFM
measurements in the current sensing mode exhibit typical features of tunneling conduction. Ex-situ
annealing in air at high temperature clearly improve the magnetotransport properties of the films
reducing the surface insulating barrier. X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurement at the Mn Ledge
has been performed to gain a deeper insight into the properties of the top-most LCMO layers.
Folic Acid Immobilized Ferrimagnetic DP-Bioglass to Target Tumor Cell for Cancer Hyperthermia Treatment
Authors: Chen Min Hua , Hsu Chung King , Lin Feng Huei , Stobinski Leszek , Peszke Jerzy
Published: March 2009

DP-bioglass is one of biodegradable glasses, which can be used as bioactive material in
soft tissue and bone. It was often used in orthopedy and plastic surgery. Recently, bioglass was also
used as a carrier for drug and gene delivery systems. Additionally, ferrimagnetic DP-bioglass can be
potential candidates for magnetic induction hyperthermia, by using a magnetic field. The aim of this
work is the preparation and characterization of surface-modified ferrimagnetic DP-bioglass. First
DP-bioglass has to be surface-modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and folic acid (FA) to
improve its intracellular uptake and ability to target specific cells. PEG-FA complex was synthesized
using carbodiimide (DCC) to link PEG with FA. Then PEG-FA complex were immobilized on the
surface of DP-bioglass by using amino-silane (AEAPS) as a coupling agent. Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and thermogravimetric
analysis (TGA) was used to demonstrate this immobilization process. In biological study showed that
immobilized ferromagnetic DP-bioglass with PEG-FA was non-cytotoxicity and significantly
enhanced the intracellular uptake of DP-bioglass by target cells.
Nanotechnology-Based Cell Sheet Engineering for Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Yamato Masayuki , Okano Teruo
Published: March 2009

In order to realize true regenerative medicine, we have developed a novel technology for
the reconstruction of tissues and organs by utilizing intelligent materials including
temperature-responsive polymers. We developed temperature-responsive culture surfaces, on
which temperature-responsive polymers are covalently immobilized. Cells are cultured on the
surfaces at 37°C, and harvested as transplantable cell sheets by reducing temperature to 20°C. With
these cell sheets we regenerate various kinds of tissues such as cornea and heart.
Piezoelectric Composites Based on Hydroxyapatite / Barium Titanate
Authors: Bowen Chris R. , Raman K.V.S. , Topolov Vitaly Yu.
Published: March 2009

This paper reports experimental and modelling results on the manufacture and properties
of hydroxyapatite / BaTiO3 ceramic composites and studies their electromechanical properties with
ferroelectric ceramic volume fractions, mFC ³ 0.7. In these composites the bio-active properties of
hydroxyapatite are combined with the electromechanical properties of a perovskite-type
ferroelectric BaTiO3 ceramic in an attempt to create a novel polarised bone-substitute material.
Experimental results of the volume fraction dependences of the effective piezoelectric coefficients
*
31 d (mFC), *
33 d (mFC) and dielectric permittivity e *s
33 (mFC) of stress free samples are analysed within
the framework of a modified model of a porous piezo-active material that is described in terms of
1–3 (one-dimensional rods in a continuous matrix) and 2–2 connectivity (laminates). The role of
several structural elements and physical factors in forming the electromechanical properties of the
composites is discussed. It is shown that performance of these materials typical properties are 5 pC
/ N < | *
31 d |< 45 pC / N, 20 pC / N < *
33 d < 100 pC / N and 400 < e *s
33 / 0 e < 1300.
Constitutive Modeling for Design and Control of Magnetostrictive Galfenol Devices
Authors: Dapino Marcelo J. , Evans Phillip G.
Published: March 2009

A dynamic, nonlinear model for magnetic induction and strain response of cubic magnetostrictive
materials to 3-D dynamic magnetic fields and 3-D stresses is developed. Dynamic eddy
current losses and inertial stresses are modeled by coupling Maxwell’s equations to Newton’s second
law through a nonlinear constitutive model. The constitutive model is derived from continuum
thermodynamics.
Micromechanical Modelling of Shape Memory Polymers
Authors: Böl Markus , Reese Stefanie
Published: March 2009

Shape memory materials represent a promising class of dual-shape materials that can
move from one shape to another in response to a stimulus such as light, heat, electricity or
magnetism. In this regard, the biomedical field is showing large interest in this class of materials,
especially in shape memory polymers (SMPs), whose mechanical properties make them extremely
attractive for many biomedical applications. However, diverse characteristics including also the
mechanical behaviour are still part of research. In this contribution the shape memory properties of
polymers will be quantified by cyclic thermomechanical investigations. One cycle includes the
"programming" of the sample and the recovery of its permanent shape. To describe this
phenomenon, a three-dimensional thermomechanical coupled model is proposed. This
macromechanical constitutive model is based on the physical understanding of the material
behaviour and a mechanical interpretation of the stress-strain-temperature changes observed during
thermomechanical loading. The main focus of this work is the influence of both, the material
constants and heat transfer boundary conditions on the response of shape memory polymers.
Therefore we illustrate different general simulations as well as examples of application.
Smart Properties of an Irradiated High-Tc Superconductor
Authors: Balogh A. , Kirschner I. , Kovács Gy. , Mészáros Cs.
Published: March 2009

Effects of high-energy, heavy ion irradiation on the properties of Y-Ba-Cu-O high-Tc
superconductors are examined. The irradiating medium consists of accelerated Bi-ions, having
atomic weight of 114.82. The detected hysteresis loops have very different forms and sizes in
unirradiated and in irradiated states, referring to the strong effect of the irradiation. Striking
variations of critical current- and magnetic parameters up to the extent of 30-40% in this series of
specimens were detected. Their direct reason can be looked for in the change of the atomicmolecular
microstructure of the specimens, as an effect due to the irradiation. This is decided by
both of the energy and density of the ions arriving onto the surface of the samples [1,2]. It means
that the effect produced by the irradiating individual ions depends also on the exact local place of
the specimens, on nanometer scale, determined by their given molecular structure, bonding
relationships and microstructural stability. In this way, the irradiation experiments can provide
some new information on the atomic-molecular properties of the specimens in question. As a
genuine smart material, the Y1Ba2Cu3O7-d high-Tc superconductor is able to reply to any external
influence, changing its own qualities according to that effect.
Design and Fabrication of a Horizontal Thermal Micro-Actuator with Integrated Micro Tweezers
Authors: Alamin Dow Ali Badar , Ivanova Katerina , Ivanov T. , Rangelow Ivo W.
Published: March 2009

Micro tweezers are one of the microsystems technology applications and typically used for
handling micro parts and manipulated small objects. Microactuators such as thermal microactuator
are mainly used to drive the micro tweezers. This paper present the design, simulation, fabrication
and characterization of a new developed two hot arms thermal micro actuator with integrated micro
tweezers. The advantages of this new micro actuator with integrated tweezers are, the actuator
flexure is not more part of the actuation loop and the electric current only passes through the inner
and outer thin hot arms of the actuators which have a high electrical resistance. The actuator
efficiency will increases dramatically since all applied power will contribute to the tweezers
movement. Further more, a heat dissipation element which act as a heat radiator was introduced to
decrease the heat transfer to the tweezers which is strongly required in some applications. The
device was fabricated out of silicon substrate by inductively coupled plasma etching process. The
device showed very good controlling ability during its operation and a good agreement between
experimental and simulation results was achieved.
Nanoparticles for Charge Storage Using Hybrid Organic Inorganic Devices
Authors: Tsoukalas Dimitris , Kolliopoulou S. , Dimitrakis P. , Normand P. , Petty M.C.
Published: March 2009

We present a concept for integration of low temperature fabricated memory devices in a
3-D architecture using a hybrid silicon-organic technology. The realization of electrically erasable
read-only memory (EEPROM) like device is based on the fabrication of a V-groove SiGe
MOSFET, the functionalization of a gate oxide followed by self-assembly of gold nanoparticles and
finally, the deposition of an organic insulator by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. Such
structures were processed at a temperature lower than 400°C following a process based on wafer
bonding. The electrical characteristics of the final hybrid MISFET memory cells were evaluated in
terms of memory window and program/erase voltage pulses. A model describing the memory
characteristics, based on the electronic properties of the gate stack materials, is presented.
Gold Nanoparticle Based Electrically Rewritable Polymer Memory Devices
Authors: Prime Dominic , Paul Shashi
Published: March 2009

Organic and polymer based electronic devices are currently the subject of a great deal of scientific
investigation and development. This interest can be attributed to the low cost, easy processing steps
and simple device structures of organic electronics when compared to conventional silicon and
inorganic electronics. In the field of organic electronic memories, non-volatile, rewritable polymer
memory devices (PMDs) have shown promise as a future technology where cost and compatibility
with flexible substrates are important factors. In this paper PMDs based on active layers containing
an admixture of polystyrene, gold nanoparticles and 8-hydroxyquinoline will be presented, showing
the devices’ electrical characteristics and memory performance attributes, and where possible
discussing possible mechanisms of operation.
Raman Scattering on the l=2 Spheroidal Mode of Spherical Nanoparticles
Authors: Ristić D. , Ivanda Mile , Furić K. , Montagna M. , Ferrari Maurizio , Chiasera A. , Jestin Yoann
Published: March 2009

The Raman light to vibrations coupling coefficients C(ν) of quadrupolar and symmetrical
vibrational modes of spherical nanoparticles embedded in a matrix are calculated. In contrast to the
symmetrical mode, the C(ν) of the quadrupolar modes consists of the longitudinal and transversal
sound velocity contributions. It is shown, that depending on the ratio of longitudinal and transverse
sound velocity, these two contributions can interfere constructively or destructively resulting in
enhancing or vanishing of some radial modes. Different peaks in the C(ν) spectrum were attributed
to transverse and longitudinal spheroidal modes and the longitudinal spheroidal modes were found
to have a higher Raman intensity than the transverse modes. The theoretical model was tested on a
sample of HfO2 nanoparticles in a silica matrix.
Enabling Devices Using MicroElectroMechanical System (MEMS) Technology for Optical Networking
Authors: Marom Dan M.
Published: March 2009

Abstract: Optical communication systems are the premier conduit for providing
broadband data across continents, nations, cities, neighborhoods, and are now starting to penetrate
into private homes. This spectacular achievement is the culmination of years of research and
development efforts in diverse fields. Recently we are witnessing the evolution of these
communication systems towards optical networking. The advent of optical networking has been
enabled by a suite of complementary optical subsystems that are pivotal to the operation and
management of these networks. These optical microsystems directly interact with the optical signal
and-through functionality afforded by design-are able to filter, switch, attenuate, and adapt the
optical communication channels carried by the network. In this talk I will review a sampling of
these enabling devices and focus on the MEMS technology required for its implementation.