bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concomitant Hyperparathyroidism Due to Occult Parathyroid Adenoma Detected by Technetium-99m Sestamibi Single-photon Computed Tomography/Computerized Tomography in a Patient with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Sriprapaporn Jiraporn , Pisarnturakit Pongthep , Anekpuritanang Tauangtham
Published: July 2020

Although the occurrence of thyroid and parathyroid diseases is common, concomitant parathyroid adenoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma is rare. We report the case of a 77-year-old Thai woman who was diagnosed to have papillary thyroid carcinoma and postoperative hypercalcemia. The primary hyperparathyroidism was initially overlooked but was subsequently confirmed to be due to a single occult parathyroid adenoma demonstrated on technetium99m sestamibi (Tc-99m MIBI) parathyroid scintigraphy. Thus, preoperative evaluation of parathyroid disease should be performed if there is evidence of hypercalcemia prior to the thyroid surgery. Presurgical evaluation with Tc-99m MIBI parathyroid single-photon computed tomography/computerized tomography imaging has a definite role in localizing a hyperfunctioning parathyroid gland in the cases of primary hyperparathyroidism.
Endoscopic aqueductal stenting in the management of pediatric hydrocephalus
Authors: Guida Lelio , Beccaria Kevin , Benichi Sandro , Chivet Anaïs , de Saint Denis Timothée , James Syril , Paternoster Giovanna , Zerah Michel , Puget Stéphanie , Blauwblomme Thomas
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVE

Pediatric patients with long-term shunts may experience specific complications related to the segregation of the supra- and infratentorial spaces along with different pressure regimens, leading to either mesencephalic syndromes during shunt dysfunction or isolated fourth ventricle (IFV). An accepted treatment to reestablish normal CSF pathways and reequilibrate the transtentorial pressures is endoscopic aqueductal stenting (EAS) to avoid restenosis. In the present paper, the authors studied children treated with EAS during the last decade for both IFV and obstructive hydrocephalus, evaluated its impact on the course of the disease, and identified prognostic factors for EAS success.

METHODS

A noninterventional retrospective study of routinely acquired data was performed, including all hydrocephalic children undergoing EAS between 2011 and 2019 at Hôpital Necker, Paris, France. The following variables were analyzed: etiology of hydrocephalus; number of surgeries before and after stent placement; indication for EAS; type of stent connection (i.e., connected or not to a ventriculoperitoneal shunt); and the stent position. Stent failure was defined as the need to perform further shunt revision. Univariate and multivariate analyses were run to identify factors associated with stent failure.

RESULTS

Seventeen patients with a mean age at stent placement of 6 years (SD 6.5 years, range 1 month–18 years) and with a mean follow-up after EAS of 47.5 months (SD 33.7 months, range 5–120 months) were included in the analysis. The etiology of hydrocephalus was as follows: obstructive tumoral (41%), posthemorrhagic (35%), postinfectious (12%), and dysraphism related (12%). The indication for EAS was IFV (47%), rostral midbrain dysfunction syndrome (35%), prevention of secondary aqueductal stenosis after debulking surgery (12%), or primary aqueductal stenosis (6%). No transient or permanent neurological deficits related to the procedure were observed. After EAS, 10 patients did not require further surgeries (59%), and for the others the number of hydrocephalus-related surgeries significantly decreased after stenting. In univariate analysis posthemorrhagic etiology and prevention of aqueductal stenosis were identified as predictors of a good outcome, whereas in multivariate analysis posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus was found to predict a favorable outcome.

CONCLUSIONS

The results confirm EAS as a first-line treatment for IFV and suggest its efficacy in changing the history of hydrocephalic patients who have undergone multiple operations and who experience rostral midbrain dysfunction syndrome, as well as efficacy in the prevention of aqueductal stenosis in selected cases of obstructive tumoral hydrocephalus.
Flexible endoscope visualization to assist in the removal of a string of 10 schwannomas at the cauda equina: technical case report
Authors: Ren Yu-Cheng , Zhao Bin-Jie , Xie Zhi-Yi , Ying Guang-Yu , Shen Fang , Zhu Yong-Jian
Published: July 2020

Bead-like schwannomas at the cauda equina are rare but benign intraspinal tumors. They can involve multiple nerve roots and spread within the spinal canal, and open resection would cause significant trauma. The authors have successfully applied a novel minimally invasive technique for the total removal of such schwannomas. A 68-year-old woman presented with a 1-month history of left waist and leg pain. MRI demonstrated multiple intraspinal lesions located from L1 to S1. The diagnosis was bead-like schwannomas at the cauda equina. Two incisions were made at the T12 and L5 levels. A flexible endoscope was introduced into the spinal canal following hemisemilaminectomy under a microscope to identify the relationship between the tumors and the carrying nerves. After dissecting both cranial and caudal ends of the carrying nerve, the string of bead-like tumors was gently pulled out from the caudal end as a whole. The endoscope was reintroduced into the spinal canal to ensure complete tumor removal. The patient recovered quickly, and no tumor residual was found at postoperative MRI. Flexible endoscope–assisted visualization plus microscopic hemisemilaminectomy via 2 incisions is a feasible minimally invasive approach for selected patients with bead-like schwannomas at the cauda equina.
A proposed protocol for the management of COVID-19 in Egypt
Authors: Sorour Khaled , El-Menshawy Hadeer
Published: July 2020

As regarding the current pandemic, there is no definitive treatment for COVID-19, the attached protocol does not mean a recommendation for treatment, but for a clinical trial to validate the safety and efficacy of this combination.
International relations in the context of modern hybrid war
Authors: Polishchuk Oleg
Published: July 2020

The present paper considers the main approaches to definition and understanding of concept of hybrid war, the substantive provisions of the phenomenon of hybrid war and its features in the international relations are analyzed, absence of unified definition of concept of “hybrid war” in scientific field is stated, also pre-conditions of hybrid war development by a countryaggressor are considered.
Actuality of problem. The problem of the “Hybrid War” due to the increase of the tension level is actualized, which ultimately leads to significant resource losses. All this affects on development of society and the state, as weal as on the all the processes that take place in them.
Lately in different parts of the world there is a far of local and domestic conflicts that on the essence appear opposition of supercountries through aspiration to protect the interests and occupy leader positions on a world political arena. This problem puts further європейську and world safety under a threat.
“Cold war” became one of main varieties of relations between countries during the last two centuries through intensifying of political rivalry and wars for diverse reasons. This position predetermines the necessity of deep and objective research of this phenomenon. Consequently it is very important to expose maintenance, pre-conditions of origin, basic signs and possible consequences of this destructive process from event on east of Ukraine. Also study of this problem predefined by the necessity of fight and evelopment of effective counterweapons, determination of ways of her avoidance to hybrid war in the future. Innovativeness of analysis of this problem appears through a look to hybrid war in Ukraine as a constituent of “cold war”, new landmark of history of opposition to Russia and the West, exposure of the personal touches of “cold war” in our time, establishment of conceptual positions of this concept and him specific lines in international relations.
Cover JTT Vol 6 no 1
Authors: Polindra JTT
Published: July 2020

Cover JTT Polindra vol 6 no 1 Maret 2020
METODE ISTINBAT DALAM KITAB TAWDIH AL-AHKAM MIN BULUGH AL-MARAM KARYA AL-BASSAM (1346-1423 H)
Authors: Simbolon Parlindungan
Published: July 2020

The tittle of this research: Istinbat Methods in The Book of Tawdih al-Ahkam Min Bulugh al-Maram was Written By al-Bassam (1346-1423 H).  al-Bassam is one of the contemporary Islamic scholar that has succeed in Hadith and Istinbat of the law in his book Tawdih al-Ahkam Min Bulugh al-Maram, before  istinbat, al Bassam had arranged Hadith into its tittle (thematic) and then explained the quality of Hadith and its words. The main problem of this research : how are steps and methods of istinbat al-Bassam? How is istinbat of al-Bassam for ikhtilaf problems?. This research is aimed to find out steps and methods of istinbat al-Bassam in law, istinbat al-Bassam in ikhtilaf problems and istinbat al-Bassam toward contemporary problems. The data of this research was collected through library research that emphasize on textual study. And then the data was analyzed by using content analysis to get the conclusion. This research has found out that al-Bassam before istinbat of law, he had arranged Hadith based on its tittle  and explained quality and its words. Al-Bassam did istinbat of law from the Hadith by using bayani and istislahi method. And then dealing with ikhtilaf al-Bassam was used to methods ‘ard al-aqwal, munaqasyah al-adillah dan al-tarjih.
HAJI MABRUR DALAM PARADIGMA FIKIH SOSIAL SUFISTIK
Authors: Islamy Athoillah
Published: July 2020

Abstract

The biggest spiritual orientation for every Muslim in performing Hajj is getting predicate Hajj Mabrur. So whether the predicate is just a spiritual title? This research will describe Nurcholish Madjid's Sufistic social fiqh thoughts about the meaning of the predicate hajj Mabrur. This type of research is a qualitative research in the form of library research. The main data source used was a book by Nurcholish Madjid entitled Hajj and Umrah. Meanwhile, secondary sources are used, namely various studies that are relevant to the focus of this research study. The method used in this study is the method of interpreting the thought of figures. There are two big conclusions of this research. First, the integrative paradigm of nurcholish Madjid, namely the paradigm of integration between fiqh, social and Sufism. This integrative paradigm according to Nurcholish Madjid can make fiqh as a medium for the social reform movement. Second, the predicate Hajj Mabrur in the perspective of Nurcholish Madjid is not a predicate based on success in fulfilling the formal legal of the Hajj fiqh, but rather a predicate that has spiritual and social implications in social life.

Keywords: Hajj mabrur, fiqh, social, sufism

Abstrak

Orientasi spritual terbesar bagi setiap muslim dalam menunaikan ibadah haji yakni mendapatkan predikat haji mabrur. Lantas apakah predikat tersebut hanya sekedar predikat spritual? Penelitian ini akan mendiskripsikan pemikiran fikih sosial sufistik Nurcholish Madjid tentang makna predikat haji mabrur. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang berupa kajian pustaka (library research). Sumber data utama yang digunakan, yakni buku karya Nurcholish Madjid yang berjudul Haji dan Umrah. Sementara itu, sumber sekunder yang digunakan, yakni berbagai penelitian yang relevan dengan fokus kajian penelitian ini. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yakni metode interpretasi pemikiran tokoh. Terdapat dua kesimpulan besar penelitian ini. Pertama, paradigma fikih integratif nurcholish Madjid, yakni paradigma integrasi antara fikih, sosial dan tasawuf. Paradigma integratif ini lah yang menurut Nurcholish Madjid dapat menjadikan fikih sebagai medium gerakan reformasi sosial. Kedua, predikat haji mabrur dalam perspektif Nurcholish Madjid bukanlah sebuah predikat yang berdasarkan pada keberhasilan dalam memenuhi legal formal fikih ibadah haji, melainkan sebuah predikat yang memiliki implikasi spritual (tasawuf) dan sosial dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. 

Kata Kunci : Haji mabrur, fikih, sosial, tasawuf  
PROBLEMATIKA PEMBELAJARAN KITAB KUNING DI PESANTREN PUTRA ALKHAIRAAT PUSAT PALU
Authors: Amir Syarifuddin
Published: July 2020

Kitab Kuning merupakan salah satu rukun dari beberapa rukun pesantren. Oleh karena itu, pembelajaran Kitab Kuning sesuatu yang mutlak dilaksanakan oleh setiap pesantren. Namun faktanya, banyak pesantren yang tidak melaksanakan pembelajaran kitab Kuning. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif yang memotret problem pembelajaran kitab kuning yang dihadapi oleh Pesantren Putra Alkhairaat Pusat Palu. Kajian ini menemukan bahwa Kitab Kuning diajarkan secara langsung di Pesantren Putra Alkhairaat Pusat Palu masih pada taraf kitab tingkat dasar seperti Matan Aljurumiyah, Nahwu al-Wadhih, Aqidah al-‘Awwam, Risalah al-Jami’ah, Matan Safinah al-Naja dan Muqaddimah Hadramiyyah. Realitas tersebut disebabkan karena minimnya tenaga pengajar. Sistem kaderisasi tenaga pengajar yang tidak berjalan juga berkorelasi dengan problem pendanaan dalam operasional pesantren yang lebih mengandalkan iuran pembayaran dari santri. Sehingga pihak pesantren kesulitan mencari tenaga pengajar yang bisa mengabdikan waktu dalam mengajar kitab kuning. Disisi lain secara metodologis, masalah yang dihadapi yaitu tidak adanya konsep kurikulum dan silabus yang baku yang menjadi acuan wajib dalam pembelajaran kitab kuning.
AJI UGI: PERGUMULAN ISLAM DENGAN TRADISI LOKAL DAN GAYA HIDUP DALAM MASYARAKAT BUGIS
Authors: Adhan Syamsurijal , Pababari Musafir , Ramli Muhammad , Halim Wahyuddin
Published: July 2020

Haji adalah salah satu rukun Islam yang kelima. Umat Islam juga meyakini bahwa haji adalah ibadah yang pahalanya berlipat ganda. Tetapi dalam masyarakat Bugis haji bukan semata-mata praktik ibadah dan ritual untuk memenuhi rukun Islam yang kelima. Haji juga terkait dengan ritual lokal, penanda status sosial, bahkan juga kini menjadi bagian dari gaya hidup.   Penelitian dengan metode kualitatif di salah satu daerah Bugis, yaitu di Segeri kabupaten Pangkajene Kepulauan, menemukan corak haji orang-orang Bugis yang telah mengalami perjumpaan antara ajaran Islam, tradisi lokal dan modernitas. Perjumpaan ini melahirkan corak haji yang unik, sebab diekspresikan dengan cara-cara lokal di satu sisi, sekaligus dipengaruhi modernitas di sisi yang lain. Dalam ekspresi semacam itulah ditemukan praktik yang disebut Haji Bawakaraeng, Haji Calabai (Haji Waria) dan Haji Pa’gaya (Haji yang suka bergaya).  Tetapi di saat yang sama juga ditemukan Haji yang sarat dengan nuansa hikmah, misalnya haji sebagai were na pammase (Haji sebagai takdir dan Rahmat Tuhan) dan haji sebagai assenu-senungeng (ritual haji adalah simbol pengharapan terhadap hal yang baik). Keseluruhan praktik haji semacam itu mencerminkan sebuah praktik keberislaman ala Bugis, yang disebut dengan “Aji Ugi”. Aji Ugi ini menjadi semacam ekspresi Islam lokal yang sekaligus universal, Islam tradisional sekaligus modern.
Modeling the time-related fluctuations of AFP and PIVKA-II serum levels in patients with cirrhosis undergoing surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ricco Gabriele , Cosma Chiara , Bedogni Giorgio , Biasiolo Alessandra , Guarino Maria , Pontisso Patrizia , Morisco Filomena , Oliveri Filippo , Cavallone Daniela , Bonino Ferruccio , Plebani Mario , Brunetto Maurizia Rossana
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: The time-related variability of HCC biomarkers has not been investigated so far. OBJECTIVE: To assess the changes of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and protein induced by vitamin-K absence/antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) in patients with HCC (HCC+) as compared to patients without HCC (HCC-). METHODS: AFP and PIVKA-II were measured by a single laboratory using an automated chemiluminescent-enzyme-immunoassay (Fujirebio Inc., Tokyo, Japan) in 1163 sera of 418 cirrhotics (31.1% HBV, 58.6% HCV, 10.3% non-viral etiology) undergoing ultrasound HCC surveillance. The mean (range) number of effective time-points available for analysis was 2.8 (2.0 to 3.0); 124 patients with HCC were matched with 294 who remained HCC free for at least 12 months after the last specimen. AFP and PIVKA-II changes were estimated over time by means of a random-effect generalized least squares (RE-GLS) regression model under the missingness at random assumption. RESULTS: Patients with and without HCC had comparable chronic liver disease etiology and staging. AFP/PIVKA-II median (25th; 75th percentile) values at the latest time-point were 4.2 (2.6; 8.6) ng/mL/32 (25; 42) mAU/mL in HCC- and 8.4 (4.4; 32.1) ng/mL/66 (32; 192) mAU/mL in HCC+ (p< 0.001). Log10AFP and log10PIVKA-II time-changes differed in HCC+ and HCC- patients. In HCC+ patients, both log10AFP and log10PIVKA-II showed an increasing trend over time. In HCC- patients, log10PIVKA-II variations were minimal as compared to log10AFP variations. The percent increase of log10AFP at 6 months vs. baseline was 11% (95%CI 5 to 17%) and 5% (95%CI 1 to 8%) for log10PIVKA-II in HCC+vs. HCC- patients. CONCLUSIONS: The present retrospective study of the biological variability of AFP and PIVKA-II suggests that their time-related changes may serve as potential predictors of HCC. This topic needs to be addressed by longitudinal studies.
Nomogram based on pre-treatment inflammatory biomarkers predicting survival in patients with head and neck soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Chen Linyan , Zeng Hao , Du Ze , Zhao Yunuo , Ma Xuelei
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Systemic inflammatory biomarkers reflect level of inflammatory response, which have been suggested as prognostic factors in cancer patients. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prognostic value of inflammatory biomarkers in 149 patients with head and neck soft tissue sarcoma (HNSTS). METHODS: Pre-treatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-platelet score (NPS) and Aarhus Composite Biomarker Score (ACBS) were analyzed for association with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Nomograms were consisted of independent predictors for OS and PFS, and evaluated by calibration curve and concordance index (C-index). RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, LMR (HR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.19–0.94, P= 0.035), ACBS (HR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.02–4.12, P= 0.045) and AJCC stage were independent prognostic markers of OS. Moreover, high NLR (HR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.07–2.94, P= 0.024) and advanced AJCC stage were independently related with worse PFS. Calibration curves reflected good discriminative ability of prognosis. The nomograms showed better accuracy of predicting OS (C-index: 0.748 vs. 0.690, P= 0.009) and PFS (C-index: 0.644 vs. 0.612, P= 0.028) than stage. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-treatment LMR, ACBS and AJCC stage were effective predictor of OS. The NLR and AJCC stage could independently predict PFS. The nomogram might act as a promising prognostic model for OS and PFS in HNSTS.
Evolution of application-specific cache mappings
Authors: Ho Nam , Kaufmann Paul , Platzner Marco
Published: July 2020

Reconfigurable caches offer an intriguing opportunity to tailor cache behavior to applications for better run-times and energy consumptions. While one may adapt structural cache parameters such as cache and block sizes, we adapt the memory-address-to-cache-index mapping function to the needs of an application. Using a LEON3 embedded multi-core processor with reconfigurable cache mappings, a metaheuristic search procedure, and MiBench applications, we show in this work how to accurately compare non-deterministic performances of applications and how to use this information to implement an optimization procedure that evolves application-specific cache mappings for the LEON3 multi-core processor.
Bayesian anomaly detection and classification for noisy data
Authors: Roberts Ethan , Bassett Bruce A. , Lochner Michelle
Published: July 2020

Statistical uncertainties are rarely incorporated into machine learning algorithms, especially for anomaly detection. Here we present the Bayesian Anomaly Detection And Classification (BADAC) formalism, which provides a unified statistical approach to classification and anomaly detection within a hierarchical Bayesian framework. BADAC deals with uncertainties by marginalising over the unknown, true, value of the data. Using simulated data with Gaussian noise as an example, BADAC is shown to be superior to standard algorithms in both classification and anomaly detection performance in the presence of uncertainties. Additionally, BADAC provides well-calibrated classification probabilities, valuable for use in scientific pipelines. We show that BADAC can work in online mode and is fairly robust to model errors, which can be diagnosed through model-selection methods. In addition it can perform unsupervised new class detection and can naturally be extended to search for anomalous subsets of data. BADAC is therefore ideal where computational cost is not a limiting factor and statistical rigour is important. We discuss approximations to speed up BADAC, such as the use of Gaussian processes, and finally introduce a new metric, the Rank-Weighted Score (RWS), that is particularly suited to evaluating an algorithm’s ability to detect anomalies.
Fuzzy controller and emotional model for evacuation of virtual crowd behaviors
Authors: Chennoufi Mohammed , Bendella Fatima
Published: July 2020

This paper presents the optimal path planning from an initial position to a final position of virtual crowd movement in an emergency evacuation. We have used hybrid architecture based on reinforced fuzzy inference system to control dynamic obstacles and A* algorithm for path finding which are widely used in artificial intelligence. The proposed contribution is to model the collision avoidance problem using a logic inference system. This fuzzy logic addresses cognitive behavior that introduces the uncertainty and imprecision during decision-making, for this the emotional model of personality (OCEAN) is integrated for BDI agents (beliefs, desires and intentions) and perception of agents in the environment. We will demonstrate the implemented approach by developing application with Java and Netlogo platform and tested with several simulation examples, that show how a crowd can be evacuated without collision and generate macroscopic emergence behavior by microscopic interaction. This application can be used as a framework to simulate real situations of complex systems (stadium evacuation, airports, hospitals).
Intelligent interaction design research based on block chain communication technology and fuzzy system
Authors: Chao Ma , Pan Young Hwan , Zeng ChuYao
Published: July 2020

With the increasing amount of information on the Internet, data storage management tends to be distributed. In distributed storage environment, users pay more and more attention to the timeliness of user interaction experience and the reliability of information interaction. However, the efficiency of users is often limited by the efficiency of data communication between distributed sites. One of the important goals of distributed data management is to improve the efficiency of data transmission and ensure the reliability of data transmission. Block chain technology is one of the emerging technologies supporting the development of management information system; it provides a solution for the storage, verification, transmission and communication of the distributed data. This paper focuses on solving the problem of block chain data transmission, and studies it from three aspects: improving the efficiency of data communication, ensuring the reliability of transmission, and improving the fairness of service, and different block chain data communication performance optimization strategies are proposed under the constraints of node communication capability, node trust, weight, priority of service request and other influencing factors.
Scale design of opinion leaders’ impact on online consumers’ purchasing intention
Authors: Meng Fei , Wei Jianliang
Published: July 2020

With the promotion of opinion leader’s impact on online purchase intention, the problem of how to measure the characteristics of opinion leader, the characteristics of opinion leader’s recommendation information and the influence of consumers’ characteristics on purchase intention is becoming more and more urgent. Based on numbers of popular scales, this paper designs the questionnaire items for the variables of professional knowledge, product involvement, visual cues, interactivity, functional value and trust involved in the opinion leader influence model, and forms the initial scale. On this basis, with the help of small-scale interviews, small sample pre-test and large sample test, trust and purchase intention fail to pass the validity test. Through correlation coefficient analysis, some questions with lower coefficient value are eliminated, and then the final scale with good reliability and validity is obtained.
A comparative study on heterogeneous information network embeddings
Authors: Ji Fujiao , Zhao Zhongying , Zhou Hui , Chi Heng , Li Chao
Published: July 2020

Heterogeneous information networks are widely used to represent real world applications in forms of social networks, word co-occurrence networks, and communication networks, etc. However, It is difficult for traditional machine learning methods to analyze these networks effectively. Heterogeneous information network embedding aims to convert the network into low dimensional vectors, which facilitates the following tasks. Thus it is receiving tremendous attention from the research community due to its effectiveness and efficiency. Although numerous methods have been present and applied successfully, there are few works to make a comparative study on heterogeneous information network embedding, which is very important for developers and researchers to select an appropriate method. To address the above problem, we make a comparative study on the heterogeneous information network embeddings. Specifically, we first give the problem definition of heterogeneous information network embedding. Then the heterogeneous information networks are classified into four categories from the perspective of network type. The state-of-the-art methods for each category are also compared and reviewed. Finally, we make a conclusion and suggest some potential future research directions.
Neutronics analyses for the conceptual design of the SNS Second Target Station
Authors: Remec Igor , Gallmeier Franz X.
Published: July 2020

The Spallation Neutron Source, in operation at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory since 2006, was designed to allow the addition of a second target station and an upgrade of the accelerator proton power. Both upgrades are now underway. This paper describes the evolution of the design of the target of the second target station with the emphasis on the effects of the proton beam footprint on the energy deposition in the target, stresses induced by the pulsed operation, and the importance of the residual heat. The moderator configurations and their optimization are discussed. With the utilization of pure parahydrogen moderators, small neutron beam cross-sections, and the specific optimization, neutron beams of the second target station will achieve exceptionally high peak brightness and time-averaged brightness.
Bitcoin spot and derivatives markets: Searching for completeness
Authors: Geman Helyette , Price Henry
Published: July 2020

Cryptocurrencies have emerged in the last decade as a new asset class unlikely to disappear despite its extraordinary volatility. Futures contracts on Bitcoins were introduced in December 2017 by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange followed by options in January 2020. Our goal in this paper is threefold: (i) present the main features of cryptocurrency spot and derivative markets; (ii) argue that the custody recently granted by large financial institutions to their large customers for their bitcoins shows that Bitcoins are very similar to commodities, allowing the extension to bitcoins of the convenience yield introduced by Working (American Economic Review, vol. 39, 1949, pp. 1254–1262) in the Theory of Storage; (iii) use the prices of options traded on the Deribit Exchange to build the volatility smiles and skews observed at different dates of 2019 for short and long dated maturities and compare them to smiles/skews of equity options.
SNA and beyond: Towards a broader accounting framework that links the SNA, SDGs and other global initiatives1
Authors: Hoekstra Rutger
Published: July 2020

The System of National Accounts (SNA) has adapted, and will adapt, as economic, social and environmental conditions change. The revision process of the SNA2008, which is now underway, will take place in the context of developments such as globalization, digitalization, climate change, biodiversity loss, inequality as well as the COVID19-pandemic. The new SNA will have to make clear how the economy relates to concepts such as wellbeing, sustainability and equity and will also need to be linked to major global initiatives such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). I propose a broad accounting framework for Wellbeing, Sustainability and Equity (WiSE). This provides a wider context for the System of National Accounts (SNA) and links to the other frameworks such as the Sustainable Development Goals, and other global initiatives such as the Better Life Initiative (OECD), Changing Wealth of Nations (World Bank) and the Inclusive Wealth Index (UN). The WiSE framework is not a new system, but rather a combination of existing accounting frameworks which have been proposed in the last five decades. The paper starts off by formulating principles to guide the work on the broader framework. Subsequently, seven accounts are proposed which quantify the various dimensions of the economic, societal and environmental systems. This interdisciplinary accounting framework involves knowledge from many scientific disciplines and multiple units are used (mass, energy, people, time, money etc). The most controversial part of any discussion about the future of the SNA is the valuation of non-market phenomena such as unpaid household work/care or environmental damages. This paper argues that the discussion is too focused on methods derived from welfare economics. Rather than valuation we should be focusing on evaluation methods from many scientific disciplines which help to assess progress towards wellbeing, sustainability and equity. This interdisciplinary perspective should also guide our thinking to select key indicators to replace GDP.
Autonomía catalana y democracia española: una oportunidad histórica
Authors: Valles Casadevall Josep M.
Published: July 2020

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La autonomía andaluza. Un fenómeno dialéctico
Authors: Porras Nadales Antonio , Theotonio Cáceres Vicente
Published: July 2020

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Sisinio Nevares (1878-1946): un doctrinario del catolicismo social español
Authors: Giner de Grado Carlos
Published: July 2020

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Los cristianos y la construcción de Europa
Authors: Weydert Jean
Published: July 2020

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La vertiente farmacéutica de la Reforma Sanitaria
Authors: Capilla Martínez Pedro
Published: July 2020

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Reflexiones sobre la economía soviética a la luz del materialismo histórico
Authors: Ureña Enrique M.
Published: July 2020

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El estatuto de centros escolares y su ideología
Authors: Zamarriego Tomás
Published: July 2020

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Nuestra contribución a la Conferencia de Madrid
Authors: Redacción Consejo de
Published: July 2020

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El segundo cesto de la C.S.C.E.
Authors: Mariño Menéndez Fernando
Published: July 2020

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La competencia del Derecho internacional en materia de protección de los derechos humanos
Authors: Pérez Vera Elisa
Published: July 2020

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Cartas a la revista
Authors: Fidel Delgado José , Egea Marcos Alejandro
Published: July 2020

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Karakteristik Pengaruh Suhu Sintering terhadap Kekerasan, Porositas dan Penyusutan Roda Gigi Lurus berbahan Serbuk Besi
Authors: Safira Hana , Sutjipto Slamet , Wiranegara, ST., MT. Dr. Haruman
Published: July 2020

Roda gigi lurus merupakan jenis roda gigi yang paling umum digunakan sebagai komponen mesin. Serbuk yang digunakan pada penelitian ini merupakan serbuk besi (Fe) 100 mesh yang kemudian dikompaksi dengan gaya 8 ton dan di sintering pada beberapa variasi suhu yaitu 800, 900, 1000, 1100 dan 1200 oC yang diambil dari 0,5-0,8 titik cair (Tm) serbuk utama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat karakteristik pengaruh suhu sintering pada kekerasan, porositas dan penyusutan roda gigi lurus berbahan serbuk besi (Fe). Waktu sintering dibuat konstan yaitu 60 menit. Beberapa pengujian dilakukan untuk dapat mencapai tujuan dari penelitian ini seperti perhitungan presentase penyusutan dan porositas, pengujian porositas pada struktur mikro dengan pengamatan metalografi, dan pengujian kekerasan mikro Vickers. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seiring dengan naiknya suhu sintering maka penyusutan bertambah, porositas menurun dan nilai kekerasannya naik. Terdapat beberapa hasil penelitian yang tidak sesuai pada nilai porositas dan kekerasan produk. Hal tersebut dikarenakan beberapa faktor diantaranya sulit mencapai keseragaman densitas, preparasi material yang tidak sempurna dan pengaturan nilai kompaksi yang berbeda-beda pada setiap sampel karena mesin press mekanik yang digunakan.Spur gears are the most common type of gears used as engine components. The powder used in this study was 100 mesh iron (Fe) powder then compacted with a force of 8 tons and sintered at several temperature variations are 800, 900, 1000, 1100, and 1200 oC taken from 0.5-0.8 melting points (Tm) main powder. This study aims to look at the characteristics of the effect of sintering temperature on hardness, porosity, and shrinkage of spur gears made from iron powder (Fe). The sintering time is made constant at 60 minutes. Several tests were conducted to achieve the objectives of this study such as the calculation of the percentage of shrinkage and porosity, porosity testing on microstructure with metallographic observations, and micro hardness testing of Vickers. The results show that as the sintering temperature increases, shrinkage increases, porosity decreases, and the hardness value increases. There are some results of research that are not suitable for the porosity and hardness value of the product. This is due to several factors including difficult to achieve uniformity of density, imperfect material preparation, and different compacting value settings in each sample due to the mechanical press machine used.
Perbandingan Stabilitas Warna Plat Resin Akrilik Polimerisasi Panas dengan Resin Nilon Termoplastis dalam Larutan Coklat
Authors: Kusmawati Fransiska Nuning
Published: July 2020

Latar Belakang: Bahan basis gigi tiruan yang digunakan untuk gigi tiruan yaitu resin akrilik polimerisasi panas dan nilon termoplastis. Kedua bahan tersebut memiliki kekurangan yang sama, yaitu penyerapan air yang tinggi yang dapat menyebabkan perubahan warna pada bahan basis gigi tiruan. Bahan dasar makanan dan minuman yang sering dikonsumsi manusia adalah coklat. Kandungan tanin dalam coklat dapat mempengaruhi perubahan warna pada basis gigi tiruan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari dan menjelaskan stabilitas warna plat resin akrilik polimerisasi panas dengan resin nilon termoplastis dalam  larutan coklat. Metode: Pada penelitian ini digunakan 32 sampel yang terbagi dalam 2 kelompok resin akrilik polimerisasi panas dan resin nilon termoplastis yang direndam dalam 10ml larutan coklat selama 7 hari. Pengukuran warna dilakukan dengan alat VITA easyshade sebelum dan setelah perendaman. Data yang diperoleh terdiri dari value, chrome, dan hue lalu diolah menggunakan uji Wilcoxon dan Mann Whitney. Hasil: Hasil uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan nilai signifikansi kelompok resin akrilik untuk value 0,000, chrome 0,000, dan hue 0,001. Nilai signifiikansi kelompok nilon termoplastis untuk value 0,000, chrome 0,000, dan hue 0,000. Hasil uji Mann Whitney menunjukkan nilai signifikansi value 0,008, chrome 0,000, dan hue 0,000. Kesimpulan: Plat resin akrilik polimerisasi panas lebih stabil terhadap perubahan warna dibandingkan dengan nilon termoplastis dalam perendaman larutan coklat selama 7 hari.
ANALISIS PERAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN PROFESIONALISME GURU SD INPRES 18 KABUPATEN SORONG
Authors: Souisa Haryo Franky
Published: July 2020

Kepala sekolah sebagai kunci sukses pelaksanaan proses harus mampu memahami fungsi dan tugas serta tanggungjawab yang melekat yaitu, fungsi leadership, manajer, motivator, supervisor, inavator, manajer dan educator. Sedikitnya terdapat lima sifat layanan yang harus diwujudkan oleh kepala sekolah agar pelanggan puas, yakni layanan sesuai dengan yang dijanjikan (reability), mampu menjamin kualitas pembelajaran (assurance), iklim sekolah yang kondusif (tangible), memberikan perhatian penuh kepada peserta didik (emphaty), cepat tanggap terhadap kebutuhan peserta. Untuk meningkatkan mutu pendidikan bukanlah memanfaatkan kesanggupan guru, dan bagaiamana kepala sekolah dapat mengikutsertakan semua potensii yang ada dalam kelompoknya semaksimal mungkin. Maka dilakukan suatu penilitian yang berjudul tentang Analisis Peran Kepala Sekolah dalam meningkatkan Profesionalisme Guru di SD Inpres 18 Kabupaten Sorong (Aspek Leadership), dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui tentang analisis peran kepala sekolah sudah tercapai peningkatan profesionalisme guru sd inpres 18 kabupaten sorong dan mendiskripisikan analisis peran kepala sekolah dilihat dari aspek Leadership, yang dilaksanakan di SD Inpres 18 Kabupaten Sorong.
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN STRATEGI BELAJAR TUNTAS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA MATERI HUKUM NEWTON DAN PENERAPANNYA DI KELAS X
Authors: Martono Stefany Margareta
Published: July 2020

Development Device with Mastery Learning Strategy to Improve Learning Outcomes Physics and Implementation of the Newton's Law in class X. The development is one way to create new innovations in learning activities in the classroom. The purpose of this research is 1) To get the proper and purposeful learning, combined with mastery learning strategies to improve learning outcomes in the material physics of Newton's laws in class X. 2) For the effectiveness of the learning device combined with mastery learning strategies to improve student learning outcomes on Newton's laws of matter in class X. this study uses a "research and development" following the stage of research and development according to Brog Gall. The sampling technique is done randomly, by drawing a coin. Subject trials consisted of testing the theoretical and empirical testing. Theoretically trial consists of three people, divided into 2 as a learning device design expert and one person as a theorist in the field of physics. For the empirical test consists of 10 people to test a small group of 20 people for field trials and 30 people for operational testing. The instrument used in this study were interviews, questionnaires, process assessment, achievement test. The data were analyzed with descriptive analysis and different test average with α=0,5. The results showed that the test for the development of this product 1) the development of good learning device and makes students focus on the material. 2) effective learning tools used in the classroom that can be seen from the average increase in higher learning outcomes physics experimental group than the control group.
ANALISIS PERSEDIAAN OBAT RSUD SELE BE SOLU KOTA SORONG MENGGUNAKAN METODE ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY
Authors: Liawan Calvin , Heatubun Agitha
Published: July 2020

RSUD Sele Be Solu adalah sarana layanan kesehatan masyarakat milik pemerintah kota Sorong. Salah satu layanan kesehatan yang diberikan adalah layanan penyediaan obat. Hasil observasi awal menunjukkan bahwa proses pengendalian persediaan yang dilakukan seperti saat ini, bagian gudang farmasi RSUD Sele Be Solu mengalami berbagai macam permasalahan seperti kehabisan stok obat digudang logistik obat instalasi farmasi, bayak obat yang kadaluarsa. maka untuk meningkatkan pelayanan di RSUD Sele Be Solu maka diperlukan analisis persedian obat di unit Instalasi Farmasi, sehingga penelitian ini akan menggunakan metode persediaan Economic Order Quantity (EOQ). Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa perhitungan dengan menggunakan Metode EOQ dapat Membantu Instalasi Farmasi RSUD Sele Be Solu Kota Sorong dalam merencanakan Ketersediaan obat sehingga obat yang disediakan berada dalam kondisi siap sedia dan tidak mengurangi kekurangan maupun kelebihan. Jika pihak Instalasi Farmasi RSUD Sele Be Solu Kota Sorong Menerapkan metode EOQ maka, dapat melakukan pengendalian terhadap jumlah pembelian obat, serta volume atau jumlah pembelian yang paling ekonomis untuk dilaksanakan dalam setia kali pembelian, atau jumlah kuantitas obat yang dapat diperoleh dengan biaya yang minimal.
关于环境工程污水处理的主要技术
Authors: 张 肖 , 田 慧捷
Published: July 2020

基于对环境工程污水处理主要技术的探讨研究,首先要明确环境工程污水处理的重要意义与其中的常见问题,然后与其中内容相结合,对环境工程污水处理中应用技术类型进行分析,希望能够为有关人士提供帮助。
浅析如何做好环境监测
Authors: 张 桂美
Published: July 2020

想要解决环境污染问题,环境监测是非常重要的手段,通过环境监测工作的展开能够让我们的环境得到更好管理,实现环境问题的解决。本文就环境监测工作开展的重要性研究和分析,并就环境监测重要措施的开展进行探索,希望可以为环境监测的更好开展提供借鉴。
环保水处理类反渗透浓盐水处理分析
Authors: 郭 威
Published: July 2020

环境水处理类别中的处理技术类型很多。其中,反渗透技术是一种典型的水处理技术,具有高效应用的优点和特点。注意,该技术非常适用于浓盐水。因此,反渗透技术的具体应用要求专家根据相应的工艺流程进行严格的操作。同时,您必须在进行相关设计,操作和处理之前进行合理的准备。希望本文能对反渗透浓缩盐水的环保水处理进行详细的调查分析,为废水处理提供相应的参考。
论化工企业初期雨水池容量设计
Authors: 朱 樑
Published: July 2020

现如今,化工企业的各个装置区以及储罐区和装卸台等都普遍有化学品或者是油制品以不同形式泄露的现象,在天气状况晴朗的情况下会有所积累,在天气有降雨的情况发生时,会明显受到降雨的影响,在雨水的冲刷作用之下,雨水会在厂区内形成径流,尤其是在初期雨水所形成的的径流中,污染物的浓度相对于其他时间的污染物浓度显著偏高。依照化工企业雨水径流的雨水的质量以及雨水的量的实际特点,本文将针对化工企业初期雨水池容量设计有关问题进行讨论,有利于科学合理的收集与处理受化工污染的初期雨水,有效避免污水通过雨水进行排放最终对土壤或水体造成严重的污染。
浏阳河流域鱼类资源现状调查及河流健康状态评价
Authors: 殷 芙蓉 , 阴 双雨 , 李 翔 , 谭 秀益
Published: July 2020

本文通过现场调查法对浏阳河流域的鱼类资源进行了调查,并通过计算鱼类生物完整性指数对浏阳河的健康状态进行评价。调查得知,浏阳河流域鱼类种类较1980年大幅度减少,由原有的86种鱼类下降到44种。生物完整性指数IBI结果显示,浏阳河上游河流健康状态为“一般”,中下游河流健康状态为“一般”向“差”的过度状态。鱼类生物损失指数高达51.16%,浏阳河属于不健康状况。
试析检测实验室内部质量控制的要点
Authors: 周 美晓
Published: July 2020

实验室内部质量控制是指实验室内为达到质量要求的操作技术和活动。其目的在于监测实验室的检测过程,用于评价检测结果是否可靠,并查找和排除质量环节中导致不满意的原因。实验室的内部质量控制适用于从制备样品、测试、原始记录、事故处理至结果报告的全过程。文章阐述了实验室内部质量控制在实验室运行的重要性,根据实验室质量保证体。系的环节,提出了质量控制要点。
落实水利水电工程建设管理工作的具体办法
Authors: 张 秀云
Published: July 2020

水利水电工程项目和群众生产生活之间的联系尤为紧密,所以加强对水利水电工程建设管理问题进行探究十分重要。水利水电工程在建设开展过程中不仅需要较高的投资成本,同时具备较强的工程技术性特点,因此对管理工作的开展也提出了更严格的要求。为此,本文就将对水利水电工程建设管理工作问题展开详细研究和论述,希望通过对相关方法的提出,有效解决当前工作中的问题。
大气科学的现代化转型研究
Authors: 蒋 婷婷
Published: July 2020

纵观大气科学发展过程,随着近年来信息技术革命的兴起,社会生产力也进一步释放,大气科学在新的技术理论影响下其研究范围、方法、模式也发生了巨大的变化。基于此,文章就大气科学的现代化转型进行了研究。
大数据技术在水利工程信息化建设中的运用
Authors: 才 登巴
Published: July 2020

信息技术不断更新、发展,为各行各业带来了便利,促进了社会经济的发展。在此背景下,水利工程信息化建设已成为时代发展的趋势。大数据的应用更是为水利工程信息化建设带来了很大助力。为此,在工作中,我们应积极探索大数据技术在水利工程信息化建设的应用路径。本文首先对大数据技术进行概述,之后针对水利工程信息化建设工作中存在的问题展开讨论,并给出大数据技术的应用建议,以期为同行提供参考。
新时期小型农田水利工程管理的问题及优化对策
Authors: 徐 秉玲
Published: July 2020

水利工程作为我国重要民生工程,受到人们广泛关注。尤其是小型水利工程的建设,对区域农业发展,居民经济带来积极的促进作用。不过在现今小型农田水利工程管理上,因专业能力不足、管理理念和技术落后,仍存在较多问题,本文就对这些管理问题进行分析,并提出合理的优化对策。
Application of Mina Padi in Lidah Tanah Village, Perbaungan District, Serdang Bedagai Regency
Authors: Mayly Syarifa
Published: July 2020

"Berkat" Farmers Group and "Serasi" Farmers Group are farmer groups located in Lidah Tanah Village, Perbaungan District. There are various problems found in the two farmer groups, which are: (a) Low / limited farmer income, (b) Increasing pests and diseases attack, (c) Unfamiliarity about mina padi lele cultivation system and do not implement it to increase their income, to optimize land, to reduce pest and weed attacks, to increase the efficiency of fertilizers and water usage, (d) Farmers do not know and do not implement routine pest monitoring systems, (e) Farmers have no knowledge about organic pesticides production, (f) Farmers have no knowledge about organic feed production for catfish cultivation and (g) Environmental pollution due to excessive use of pesticides and less utilization of harvest waste such as rice straw.

The solution to overcome these various problems is by applying mina padi lele technology, which is a farming system by combining the techniques of rice cultivation and raising fish simultaneously in paddy fields. The results showed that the application of the mina padi lele cultivation system greatly benefited farmers, where organic rice produced from the mina padi lele system was 263.5 kg/rante (1 rante equals to 625 m2) with additional 57.5 kg/rante of organic catfish products while non-organic rice produced from cultivation conventionally applied by farmers is 257.6 kg / rante.
Animal Waste Management Become Compost and Straw Fermentation Technology in Sumberejo Mranggen Demak Central Java
Authors: Fuskhah Eny
Published: July 2020

The problem experienced by farmer groups in Sumberejo Village, Mranggen Subdistrict, Demak Regency was that it had not managed well the manure that exists to mount beside the cage, the difficulty of providing forage / grass especially in the dry season and the length of time counting grass for livestock, so farmers often provide just the grass or straw he got. Even if the grass was enumerated before being given livestock, it would increase the digestibility so that it would add value to the livestock. The solutions offered were education and counseling for the processing of livestock waste into compost, efforts to utilize rice and corn straw with fermentation technology, and efforts to improve cattle feed by using grass chopping tools.
Increasing Business Income Of Dairy Goat Crossbreed Etawah Farming In Payageli Village Deli Serdang District
Authors: Sitepu Sukma Aditya , Marisa Julia
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this community service were to give an introduction to the farmers about income analysis of Etawah Crossbred Goat business and to know the farmers’, with various ownership level, income in Payageli Village Deli Serdang. The implementation of community service was expected to improve the capability and knowledge of the goat milk farmers, to analyze and separate between the acceptance component and cost components in the same maintenance period. The information could then facilitate the farmers on how to calculate the total income in a period of raising the goat, resulting in the imprvement of farmers’ welfare. The results showed that the farmers have an ability to analysis their business income, so that they learned how to minimised their production cost to increase their income.
IbM Rice Farmers Empowerment Using SRI (System of Rice Intensification) in District Namorambe
Authors: Simanungkalit Ferlando Jubelito
Published: July 2020

IbM Rice Farmers Empowerment Using SRI (System of Rice Intensification) in District Namorambe was held in Namorambe and Cinta Rakyat Village involving two partners who work as rice farmers. The problems of Mitra 1 in Namorambe Village are (a) number of seeds used 40-50 kg / ha, (b) seed age 20-25 days, (c) planting range 15x15 cm, (e) number of planting plants 4-5 seedlings (f) artificial fertilizer 400kg urea / ha + 150kg SP-36 / ha + 150kg KCl / ha, (g) watering elevation 20-25 cm. The problems of Mitra 2 in Cinta Rakyat Village are (a) the remaining rice straw is not processed, (b) the haystack becomes the pest of rats and fungi, (c) the soil hardens and quickly dries, (d) the straw is burned. IbM program is implemented using participatory approach, training, extension method and descriptive approach method. Impact of empowerment at Mitra 1 has been able to carry out the manufacture of paddy field plot of SRI method with production of 875 kg / 1000 m² (8.75 tons / ha); an increase in production of about 3.45 tons / ha or equivalent to 65.09%. Impact of empowerment at Mitra 2 that has been able to produce organic fertilizer from the remaining straw; has been able to manage the remaining rice straw to prevent pests and diseases; not burn the rest of the straw; and able to utilize organic fertilizer to enrich the soil.