bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mental Health Court
Authors: Nordberg Anne , Gallagher John R. , Canada Meredith
Published: December 2023

This chapter discusses the history, theoretical underpinnings, and current role of mental health courts in the criminal justice system. It examines how social workers can make a substantial contribution to mental health courts, as the philosophy of mental health courts is consistent with social work principles, and describes how mental health courts are an important part of criminal justice reform. It highlights up-to-date research on best practices in serving women, racial and ethnic minorities, and individuals who identify as LGBTQ+. The chapter concludes with a case study that explores ethical dilemmas common to forensic settings and provides an example treatment plan, mental health diagnostic impressions, and a description of evidence-based interventions that social workers can use in mental health courts to promote recovery and well-being.
Probation
Authors: Taxman Faye S.
Published: December 2023

With nearly five million adults on probation in the United States, the probation sentence affects the trajectory of individuals with legal involvement. Success on probation can address factors that affect engagement in offending, while failure can result in further penetration into the legal system (including incarceration). The work of probation is like a swinging pendulum—it has embraced social work principles in some eras, while other eras have been devoted to “get tough” policies. Contemporary probation work acknowledges the importance of client-centered approaches and offers a more humane punishment scheme. Working alliance is a key concept to advancing probation services. Social workers can play a role in transforming the probation sanction to be meaningful, including preventing and treating client issues that affect offending behavior. The role of probation should be to facilitate behavior change as a means to prevent future offending.
Restorative Justice
Authors: Sliva Shannon M. , Sarantakos Sophia P.
Published: December 2023

Restorative justice is a community-based approach to harm response that is increasingly used in criminal legal settings as an alternative or supplement to court and correctional procedures. It is uniquely situated for social work practice due to its focus on human relationships. This chapter will offer an introduction to restorative justice and discuss the theoretical bases of this approach. It will then identify the restorative justice practices most commonly used in criminal legal settings and summarize empirical support for their efficacy with justice-involved populations. Finally, it will offer a case study depicting the use of a restorative justice approach to respond to community violence and highlight the challenges and opportunities for social workers in this unique practice arena.
Correctional Settings
Authors: Casey Rachel C.
Published: December 2023

Social workers provide a variety of services to people incarcerated in jails and prisons, including case management, rehabilitative and educational programming, and clinical mental health services. Correctional social workers may conduct a wide range of specialized assessments to better understand the mental health needs of their incarcerated clients, as well as identify significant risk factors for both suicide and recidivism. Clinical interventions within correctional contexts include mental health and substance abuse treatment, self-harm prevention, and treatment of criminogenic needs, such as treatment for sexual offenders. The physical and cultural environment of correctional facilities is especially unique in its intensity and structure, invariably impacting both incarcerated people and correctional staff. Ethical dilemmas may arise for social workers seeking to promote the dignity and worth of their incarcerated clients within the inherently dehumanizing context of a correctional facility.
Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Arnett Jeffrey Jensen
Published: December 2023

This is the original book presenting the theory of emerging adulthood, which offered a new conception of development from the late teens through the 20s. The book presents emerging adulthood as a new life stage that has arisen over the past half century in developed countries. It is not merely “late adolescence,” because emerging adults are not going through puberty, are not as dependent on their parents, and are not minors under the law. Nor is it the beginning of a settled “young adulthood” in which the structure of an adult life has been built that is likely to continue for decades to come. Instead, emerging adulthood is a life stage in which explorations and instability are the norm. As they focus on their self-development, emerging adults feel in-between, on the way to adulthood but not there yet. Nevertheless, they have a high level of optimism about the possibilities the future holds for them. For this 20th anniversary edition, all the chapters have been updated, and a new chapter has been added on cultural and international variations. The other chapters cover a wide range of topics in the lives of emerging adults, including relations with parents; love, sex, and marriage; college and the transition to work; religious beliefs and values; common problems; media use; social class variations; and how emerging adults perceive their transition to adulthood. Throughout the book, vivid interview material is combined with large-scale survey research, including a national survey of 18-to-29-year-olds directed by the author.
Water and Empire*
Authors: Josephson Paul R.
Published: December 2023

Ambitious waterworks projects are paradigmatic for Russia. Tsarist engineers advanced dam, canal, and basin transfer projects to accelerate industrialization and settlement. Under the Soviets, projects to alter river basins and reclaim wetlands took off in number, grandeur, and financing. The impressive list of Russian waterworks projects covers all kinds of engineering projects in every geography and climate imaginable: dams, canals, hydroelectric power stations, irrigation systems; above the Arctic Circle, in arid Central Asia, and in the deep frosts of Siberia. The descendants of those ministries and design institutes have begun to assemble a portfolio of similarly ambitious projects in Russia in the twenty-first century. If big engineering projects fell on hard times after the breakup of the USSR, under Putin they have been reborn: stations on Siberian rivers to power the oligarch’s extractive industries and interbasin water transfer projects to Central Asia and China to sell yet another commodity—water.
Nuclear Wonderlands
Authors: Josephson Paul R.
Published: December 2023

Hero projects include modern scientific achievements in atomic energy and weaponry. The most hubristic of the nations in pursuit of nuclear power has been Russia. Stalin secured the bomb already in 1949. Then the USSR embarked on ambitious programs to create a network of nuclear power stations. Many of these programs have found rebirth in the twenty-first century through the corporation “Rosatom”—essentially a self-contained hero project that is critically important to Russian geopolitical interests, economic power, and self-image. Rosatom, the inheritor of civilian and military programs of the Soviet nuclear ministry, will defend Arctic regions, provide unlimited electricity, and perhaps complete the unfinished tasks of the legendary northern shipping route pursued by Stalin. The hero atom includes: floating mobile nuclear power plants, icebreakers, and third-generation reactors and plutonium breeder reactors. Russia seeks no less than nuclear grandeur.
Repression in the Digital Age
Authors: Gohdes Anita R.
Published: December 2023

Global adoption of the Internet has exploded, and we are only slowly coming to understand the profound political consequences it brings with it. Authoritarian states are digitally catching up with their democratic counterparts, and both are showing a growing interest the use of cyber controls—online censorship and surveillance technologies that allow governments to exercise control over the Internet. This book shines a light on how these powerful new technologies are supporting states in their use of violent repression. It presents an argument that explains under what conditions a digitally connected society actually helps states target their enemies, why repressive governments sometimes shut down the Internet when faced with uprisings, and how these cyber controls have become a tool in the weapons arsenal that states use in civil conflict. The book presents large-scale analyses of fine-grained data on the Syrian conflict, qualitative case evidence from Iran, and global comparative analysis on Internet outages to examine the complicated relationship between these technologies and repression. Taken together, the findings show that cyber controls are supporting security forces in their use of violent state repression: higher levels of Internet accessibility support more targeted violence, in particular in sectors of society that were previously shielded from state reach. Extreme forms of censorship or even shutdowns of the Internet occur in conjunction with larger and more indiscriminate repression. As digital communication has become a bedrock of modern opposition and protest movements the book breaks new ground in examining state repression in the information age.
The End of Epistemology As We Know It
Authors: Talbot Brian
Published: December 2023

The epistemic norms should matter. The ones philosophers typically focus on do not matter enough. They should be replaced. This book discusses a range of views of why and how epistemic norms could matter and shows how epistemic norms as standardly understood fall short on each. No matter how the importance of the epistemic is to be explained, it does not matter at all what we believe about most topics or why we believe it. When what we believe does matter, it is often not particularly important that our beliefs are true, but rather that they are good enough for our purposes, and thus no truth-connected epistemic notion such as reliability, evidence, coherence, accuracy, or knowledge is really relevant. Finally, even when truth is genuinely important, standard epistemic norms do not properly aim at the truth, because they do not allow us to sacrifice one true belief for the sake of others. In light of all of this, epistemic norms as standardly conceived are not really concerned with what matters. We can and should do better. The epistemic norms that genuinely matter will replace truth-based epistemic notions with conceptions of success, reasons, and justification aimed at the “good enough.” They will require us to form some seemingly bad beliefs—beliefs that violate all standard norms by going against our evidence, being incoherent, or even being clearly false—in order to improve other beliefs. In fact, they will sometimes allow our beliefs to be bad for no reason whatsoever.
Epistemic norms and action
Authors: Talbot Brian
Published: December 2023

Epistemic norms might matter because epistemically good belief tends to promote good action. Or they might matter because actions must be based in epistemically good beliefs to be permissible, based in reasons, or credit-worthy. Neither view can vindicate norms governing many of our beliefs, since many of our beliefs have no practical relevance. For the beliefs that are practically relevant, both views vindicate norms that are significantly laxer than standard epistemic norms. And both views vindicate norms that allow or require epistemic trade-offs. The chapter discusses how false beliefs can give reasons for action, the connection between sub- and supererogatory action and the norms on belief, and also possible connections between emotions and the norms on belief.
Social vindication
Authors: Talbot Brian
Published: December 2023

Social vindications of epistemic norms have to do with the importance of applying epistemic norms to one another’s beliefs. For example, social use of epistemic norms can help identify and create good sources of testimony. Social vindications of epistemic norms are ultimately reliant on some more fundamental vindication, which must be one of those discussed in previous chapters. For that reason, it should be initially plausible that the socially vindicated norms look just like the nonstandard norms already discussed. However, using ideas from work on conventional rules such as laws, one might argue that these nonstandard epistemic norms don’t serve the right function at the social level due to the possibility of error or disagreement. Even if standard epistemic norms end up being socially vindicated (which turns on empirical questions beyond the scope of this book), it does not matter that certain individuals conform to or are guided by standard norms.
Tying up loose ends
Authors: Talbot Brian
Published: December 2023

There may be putative vindications of epistemic norms not discussed in previous chapters. This chapter presents a “master challenge,” building on the ideas in the rest of the book, that can be used to show that any such vindication does not vindicate standard epistemic norms. The challenge is illustrated by applying it to a virtue-based vindication of the epistemic norms. The chapter also discusses and rejects the idea that standard epistemic norms are constitutive of belief (that having beliefs requires a commitment to standard epistemic norms). And the chapter discusses and rejects the idea that we do not need to explain why epistemic norms matter.
Defining Creativity Through Assessment
Authors: Sawyer R. Keith , Henriksen Danah
Published: December 2023

Many scientific studies of creativity take a quantitative approach in which variables are defined and measured in a rigorous way. Psychologists, for example, have developed creativity tests that measure the creative potential of an individual. These tests sometimes measure personality traits like extroversion or openness to experience. Other tests measure cognitive characteristics such as intelligence or associative fluency. This chapter reviews the many assessments that have been developed since the 1950s, most famously the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. The chapter then reviews research on the relationship between creativity and intelligence, and the degree to which creativity is domain-specific (for example, creative ability at music specifically) or domain-general (creative ability that applies to all activities).
Biology and Creativity
Authors: Sawyer R. Keith , Henriksen Danah
Published: December 2023

This chapter reviews biological research on creativity. The chapter begins by reviewing research on hemispheric specialization: Is creativity associated with the left brain or the right brain? Research shows that the answer is neither; creativity involves both hemispheres equally. The chapter next reviews studies of whether drugs enhance creativity; research concludes that they do not. The chapter concludes by examining whether or not creativity can be inherited. That is, if your parents are more creative, does that mean you will be more creative? This question is closely related to genetics research: Is creativity associated with specific genes? The research is complicated, but suggests that creativity is not heritable and is not based on specific genes.
The Sociology of Creativity
Authors: Sawyer R. Keith , Henriksen Danah
Published: December 2023

This chapter reviews sociological studies of creativity. These studies are associated with the sociocultural approach to creativity research. In contrast to psychological studies, which focus on the individual mind or personality, sociocultural studies focus on contextual factors like social structure, group dynamics, and culture. The chapter begins by presenting the classic sociocultural model of creativity as involving the person, as studied by the individualist approach; the field—the intermediaries or gatekeepers who evaluate individuals and products; and the domain, the body of existing work in that same creative area or discipline. The chapter then reviews various studies within this framework, including the influence of the audience on creativity—fans and connoisseurs, amateurs and the general public. The chapter reviews studies of social class and creativity (both creation and perception) and the role of perceived prestige in creative evaluation.
Group Creativity
Authors: Sawyer R. Keith , Henriksen Danah
Published: December 2023

Chapter 12 continues to take the sociocultural approach of Chapter 11, and reviews the large body of research on group dynamics, collaboration, and creativity. The chapter begins with a review of group composition and creativity (cognitive diversity, ethnic and cultural diversity, and longevity of the group). The results are complex; it is not always the case that diversity enhances creativity. The chapter then reviews the long history of research on brainstorming, with studies of factors such as motivation losses and coordination losses. The chapter includes a review of electronic brainstorming and competition. The second half of the chapter takes a process approach and examines what happens in groups from moment to moment and throughout the collaborative creative process. This includes studies of group flow and how groups develop over time.
Organizational Creativity
Authors: Sawyer R. Keith , Henriksen Danah
Published: December 2023

This chapter reviews research on creativity and innovation in business organizations. The chapter begins by contrasting “creativity” as originality, and “innovation” as the generation of something new that is useful and has an impact on the world. This contrast is demonstrated by a review of patent and intellectual property law. The chapter then reviews research on the entrepreneurial personality. The chapter then examines studies of the entire organization, taking a sociocultural approach in considering many individuals in combination, rather than isolated creators. This includes research on collaborative webs—distributed creative communities, often over the internet—and research on social networks. The chapter ends with a review of various methods to assess the creativity of an organization, including measures of organizational climate and evaluations of the innovative abilities of entire nations, cities, or geographic regions.
Music
Authors: Sawyer R. Keith , Henriksen Danah
Published: December 2023

This chapter reviews research on creativity in music. This research includes both composition and performance. The first half of the chapter reviews studies of music composition. This includes reviews of how bands compose in the recording studio; how electronica artists create by sampling and looping; how tribute bands use creativity in sometimes minor modifications to songs; and how fan communities influence the creativity of musicians, primarily using comments on social media. The chapter then reviews studies of creativity in performance. This includes a review of studies of musical improvisation, both group improvisation and individual improvisation. The chapter compares creativity in music and language and reviews how new musical genres evolve over time.
Science
Authors: Sawyer R. Keith , Henriksen Danah
Published: December 2023

This chapter reviews research on creativity in science. The first creativity researchers in the 1950s focused on scientific creativity because of its importance to the economy and to military power. The chapter reviews psychological studies of scientists and the mental processes associated with scientific thinking, including analogies; the process of problem-solving and problem finding; how working on multiple projects simultaneously can enhance creativity; the parallels between science and art; and studies of whether scientific disciplines primarily advance through brilliant individuals or through collaborative teams. The chapter then reviews statistical studies of scientific productivity over time, of citation patterns, and of multiple discovery.
Flexible Authoritarianism
Authors: Schwenck Anna
Published: December 2023

Flexible Authoritarianism challenges the idea that the transnational rise of authoritarianism is a backlash against economic globalization and neoliberal capitalism. Flexible authoritarianism—a form of government that simultaneously incentivizes a can-do spirit and suppresses dissent—reflects the resonances between authoritarian and neoliberal ideologies in the contemporary return of strongman rule. The book conveys the look and feel of flexible authoritarianism in Russia through the eyes of up-and-coming youth. Because politicians use neoliberal techniques to perpetuate authoritarian ends (and vice versa), which accounts only partially for the persistence of a flexible authoritarian regime, my analysis focuses on meaning-making processes, cultural forms, and public stories that lead people to tolerate, accept, or even embrace authoritarian practices and neoliberal techniques. Drawing on field observations, in-depth interviews, and analyses of documents and video clips, the book demonstrates how flexible authoritarianism is stabilized ideologically by the cultural codes of cool start-up capitalism, public stories such as those portraying patriotism as a precondition for development, and familiar cultural forms such as the summer camp. It critically evaluates how loyalty to the regime—the order underlying political and economic life in a polity—is produced and contested among those young people who seek key positions in politics, business, the public sector, or the creative industries. While these potential strategic elites, striving to attain the conveniences enjoyed by the middle classes in economically prosperous states, openly criticize corruption and favoritism, they also accept and amplify the Russian government’s practice of blaming poverty and slow development on passivity, indifference to the common good, and a lack of patriotism among ordinary citizens, rather than on the self-serving indifference among those in the higher echelons of power.
Introduction
Authors: Schwenck Anna
Published: December 2023

“Flexible Authoritarianism, Loyalty, and Quests for Change” introduces the book’s core concepts and themes, such as flexible authoritarianism, loyalty, and potential strategic elites. It argues that transnational cultural understandings—for example, seeing flexible mindsets and labor policies as key to ensuring innovation-based economic growth and individual success—also shape society and politics in authoritarian states. The chapter situates the book’s wider argument not only in debates about neoliberalism’s complicated relationship with the democratic state, but also in regards to literature that discusses how the legitimation of authoritarian values and practices occurs beyond the narrow circles of ruling elites. The chapter takes issue with the problematic history of social research that focuses on culturalist understandings of Soviet and Russian society.
Soviet Traditions in Service of Flexible Authoritarianism
Authors: Schwenck Anna
Published: December 2023

“Soviet Traditions in Service of Flexible Authoritarianism” discusses how familiar tropes, images, and cultural forms can tacitly legitimate flexible authoritarianism. Using the example of a Soviet blockbuster film, it develops the notion of a Soviet summer camp tradition that serves, consciously or not, as an organizational template for Russian government-sponsored youth-leadership summer camps. Through the example of Central Siberia’s Krasnoyarsk Region, the chapter shows how forms of Soviet youth participation, such as student brigades, were repurposed for flexible authoritarian ends. By tracing the birth of a new entrepreneurial youth politics in the early 2000s in a region far from Moscow, it provides an alternative to the standard academic account about the evolution of Putin-era state youth politics, which centers on Moscow’s initiation of the pro-government youth organization Nashi (“Those on Our Side”). The chapter illuminates how managers who became local politicians promoted neoliberal mindsets and work arrangements in their quest for regional economic development.
Debates on posttraumatic stress disorder in physical illnesses
Authors: Chung Man Cheung
Published: December 2023

Chapter 1 draws attention to some of the controversies surrounding the classification of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., 2013; DSM-5). This raises the broader question of how PTSD should best be conceptualised. While this question remains unanswered, many studies have been conducted in the literature using different types of diagnostic instruments or screening tools. This does not mean that one should wait until a satisfactory answer is found before conducting studies. The research findings on PTSD in physical illness should be viewed with the knowledge that they are based on an imperfect and indeed enigmatic foundation.
Posttraumatic stress disorder and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Chung Man Cheung
Published: December 2023

Chapter 2 examines the associations between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to past trauma and cardiovascular risk, and PTSD as a result of a traumatic cardiac event. It appears that these associations may be influenced by certain demographic characteristics of patients, their unhealthy lifestyles, attachment styles, dysregulated autonomic nervous systems, subjective experiences of the cardiac event, hospitalisation, pain, helplessness, as well as subjective perceptions of harmful post-illness consequences, worries about the illness, and their emotional impairment. Patients’ personality traits and coping strategies, both adaptive and maladaptive, may also play a role in influencing PTSD after myocardial infarction. Non-adherence to medication is also a form of PTSD avoidance symptoms or avoidance coping, which can be detrimental to patients. Therefore, some interventions aim to improve PTSD symptoms, which in turn could improve medication adherence. This chapter also reviews the literature on posttraumatic growth in cardiovascular patients.
Posttraumatic stress disorder associated with cancer experiences
Authors: Chung Man Cheung
Published: December 2023

There are debates about whether cancer should be conceptualised as trauma. Nevertheless, cancer-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is related to certain patient demographic variables, gender differences, patients’ psychiatric history, previous traumatic life events, experiences with diagnosis, treatment, pre-transplant preparation time, and hospitalisation. Patients’ subjective appraisal or perception of a life threat from cancer also play a role in influencing PTSD symptoms, other psychiatric symptoms, and adjustment to cancer. Feeling uncertain about the impact of cancer, fear of cancer progression, and intrusive cancer-related ruminations can also influence cancer-related symptoms. In addition, the way patients cope with distress may also influence PTSD. Several coping strategies have been suggested. To conclude, a number of treatments for cancer-related PTSD are described, including eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR), cognitive behavioural therapies, and others.
Posttraumatic growth after cancer
Authors: Chung Man Cheung
Published: December 2023

Chapter 5 considers the concept of posttraumatic growth (PTG) in cancer survivors. Demographic factors, previous trauma, type of trauma, and onset of trauma are related to PTG after cancer. Personality traits, the way people ruminate, and the way they cope with trauma can influence PTG in different ways. Carers of cancer survivors, such as parents of children with cancer, may also develop PTG. The parent–child relationship can influence the adjustment of childhood cancer survivors. In addition to parents, siblings of children with cancer may also be affected by PTG. PTG has also been researched in children of parents with cancer, partners or spouses of loved ones with cancer. As PTG can act as a stress buffer, various interventions have been developed to improve resilience, self-efficacy, PTG and psychological distress and quality of life.
Posttraumatic stress disorder associated with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Authors: Chung Man Cheung
Published: December 2023

Chapter 6 considers posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with HIV/AIDS. People who have suffered a lifetime of trauma or PTSD tend to have problems with neurocognitive functioning and poor physical and social functioning. Risk factors for PTSD and psychiatric comorbidity in this population include gender differences, with HIV-positive women being disproportionately affected by trauma or PTSD, stigma with trauma-related symptoms, bullying and discrimination, and adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies. The chapter then looks at risk factors for increased HIV/AIDS risk behaviour, including previous trauma prior to HIV infection, PTSD, substance abuse, major depression, borderline personality disorder, child abuse, and racial discrimination-based traumatic stress, followed by an overview of interventions for PTSD and psychiatric comorbidity in people with HIV/AIDS. Interventions include exposure therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy, psychodynamic therapy, writing therapy, and others. This chapter ends with a review of the literature on posttraumatic growth (PTG) in patients and caregivers. The extent of PTG may vary depending on factors such as personality traits, cognitive processing, internalised HIV-related stigma, coping strategies, and level of resilience.
Posttraumatic stress disorder in vascular and neurological diseases
Authors: Chung Man Cheung
Published: December 2023

Chapter 7 examines posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its risk factors in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage and stroke. These factors include alexithymia, cognitive appraisals, and negative cognitions. However, the association between a history of trauma-related PTSD and epilepsy is unexpected when comparing patients who have epileptic seizures with those who have a non-epileptic seizure or a psychogenic non-epileptic seizure. There are studies that also look at PTSD as a result of the traumatic event of epilepsy. Research has also shown that caregivers of children with epilepsy may have PTSD and comorbid psychiatric symptoms, with mothers reporting more PTSD and comorbid psychiatric symptoms than fathers. This chapter then explores the association between early trauma or PTSD and risk of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. It is noteworthy that the wealth of evidence for the association between PTSD and vascular and neurological diseases is comparatively less than for the diseases mentioned in the previous chapters.
Posttraumatic stress disorder and respiratory illnesses
Authors: Chung Man Cheung
Published: December 2023

Chapter 8 examines posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in relation to respiratory conditions such as respiratory distress syndrome and acute lung injury, asthma symptoms, or attacks. It also examines the association between PTSD and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in patients, healthcare workers, and hospital staff. Factors explaining differential levels of distress in SARS patients include demographic variables, risk exposure to SARS, coping strategies, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and altruism. The association between PTSD and Covid-19 is also being investigated in hospitalised patients, health care workers, the general population, and some specific populations such as pregnant women, military veterans, and psychiatric patients. The risk factors for these individuals include demographic variables, a history of mental health problems, previous trauma, level of exposure to traumatic Covid-19, experience of hospitalisation for Covid-19, loss of a loved one, lockdown, domestic violence, and media exposure, and various coping strategies. Interventions for people with Covid-19 are also discussed.
EU Borrowing and Safe Assets
Authors: Grund Sebastian , Waibel Michael
Published: December 2023

This chapter investigates the past, the present, and the future of safe assets in the EU. It is structured as follows. Section 2 reviews past borrowing programmes and the safe assets these have produced. We show that the NGEU’s financing mechanism is not new; rather it is a scaled-up version of past EU borrowing programmes. The section also discusses the Euro area’s two borrowing mechanisms via separate supranational issuers: the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) and the ESM. Section 3 then focuses on the legal aspects of EU safe assets, highlighting both commonalities and differences between the various debt issuance programmes and analysing the pertinent legal features of the debt instruments the EU has relied on. Section 4 concludes.
A Threefold Method for Studying Self-pattern Dynamics
Authors: Gallagher Shaun
Published: December 2023

This chapter focuses on several factors of the self-pattern for purposes of exploring in more detail how those factors are dynamically related, and how they may be affected in various disorders. The chapter outlines a threefold method that allows for an increasingly detailed analysis of how these relations are typically ordered and sometimes differently ordered. Rather than defining relations a priori, the method is empirical. It borrows tools developed in several other areas of research, including, (1) from performance studies, the model of a meshed architecture, (2) the notion of interventionist causality, and (3) dynamical systems analysis, specifically a coordination dynamics approach. The method is then applied to the case of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with a focus on bodily, experiential, cognitive, affective, intersubjective, and social factors in the self-pattern.
Disorder, Dissociation, and Disruption in Self-narrative
Authors: Gallagher Shaun
Published: December 2023

This chapter continues to explore the idea that self-narrative tracks a number of processes in the self-pattern. Self-narrative has been closely associated with philosophical discussions of personal identity, helping to delineate distinctions between idem and ipse identity and answer questions that primarily pertain to characterization. Considerations about narrative distance and dissociation can provide some insight into how to think about coherence, and its disruption, in the self-pattern. In self-narrative several capacities can be disrupted, including temporal integration, first-person self-reference, autobiographical memory, and reflective metacognition. In this respect narrative can be regarded as a forensic tool, and this is demonstrated in cases of schizophrenia where all of these capacities break down, and in borderline personality disorder where one finds a disintegrated self-narrative reflecting problems with reflective capacity, affectivity, intersubjectivity, and bodily self-experience.
Phenomenological Anchors
Authors: Gallagher Shaun
Published: December 2023

This chapter explores some of the complex elements in the phenomenology of the self-pattern—specifically the experiences of agency and ownership. It also explores a variety of philosophical debates about these concepts. The experience of agency is itself phenomenologically complex, involving sensorimotor processes, prereflective experience, intention formation, and reflective retrospective evaluation. The chapter maps out how the sense of agency is interwoven with the experience of ownership and other elements of the self-pattern, including social and intersubjective processes. Dynamical connections between senses of agency and ownership can break down in psychiatric disorders, and instances of a missing or reduced or modified sense of agency in various disorders, including schizophrenia, anosognosia for hemiplegia, anarchic hand syndrome, OCD, addiction, and agoraphobia, can be found.
Catholic Social Teaching
Authors: Bell Mark
Published: December 2023

This chapter provides an introduction to Catholic Social Teaching (CST). It explains the purpose of CST, which applies Christian beliefs to issues that arise through our life in society, including relationships in the labour market. Although it does not prescribe detailed solutions for law and policy, it establishes clear parameters for what is required in the pursuit of justice and human development. The chapter provides a short overview of the evolution of modern CST, with particular reference to papal teaching since the nineteenth century. It explores the sources upon which CST is based. These include Scripture and the natural law, but CST has also been influenced by developments in society, such as wider acceptance of gender equality. Although CST emerges from the official teaching of the Catholic Church, it is accompanied by theological reflection on Catholic social ethics. This chapter introduces certain critiques that arise, such as those found in feminist and liberation theologies. The chapter concludes by reflecting on the tension between change and continuity that characterizes the development of CST.
The Right to a Just Wage
Authors: Bell Mark
Published: December 2023

This chapter investigates the contribution of Catholic Social Teaching (CST) to ethical reflection on the right to a just wage. The evolution of the Church’s teaching on just wages is examined, such as the growing acceptance of a role for the State, together with the legitimacy of collective bargaining. In CST, the just wage is connected to the idea of a family wage, but the latter has been criticized for its male breadwinner paradigm. The chapter then turns to explore the role of the EU in regulating wages. Historically, this was very limited, but in 2022 the Union adopted a Directive on adequate minimum wages. The EU has a long-standing body of law on equal pay between women and men, as well as wider provisions on non-discrimination in remuneration. The chapter considers what light may be shone on EU law by viewing this through the lens of CST. Church teaching places just wages at the centre of ensuring the dignity of work. In contrast, historically fair pay has been a marginal concern for EU labour law. CST would suggest that this was a shortcoming in EU labour law and that there is justification for the Union now adopting measures in this field. The chapter concludes by observing that engagement with EU law exposes how Church teaching remains under-developed in respect of wage justice for women.
The Contribution of Catholic Social Teaching to Labour Law
Authors: Bell Mark
Published: December 2023

This chapter explores the contribution of Catholic Social Teaching (CST) to ethical reflection on work and its practical implications for labour law. It concludes that CST makes a valuable contribution because it articulates a justification for labour rights premised upon the dignity of the human person. CST proposes an understanding of dignity that is infused with the principle of solidarity. This means that dignity entails just relationships between workers and their employers. In CST, the ethical significance of work lies in the fact that it is performed by human persons, a dimension that has increasing salience in the face of digitalization. In keeping with the principle of subsidiarity, dignity entails the participation of workers, including through trade unions. The chapter argues that CST offers insights into the content and direction of contemporary labour law. Applied to EU labour law, it finds that the latter is broadly congruent with CST’s belief that the market must be ordered to serve the common good. It observes, however, that the dignity of work has not yet established itself as a strong influence upon EU labour law. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the relationship between faith and labour law. It maintains that faith-based perspectives can play a constructive part in public deliberation on the regulation of work. Such dialogue may also facilitate religions in their own critical reflection on how they apply their beliefs to modern contexts.
Materiality and Devotion in the Poetry of George Herbert
Authors: Cioni Francesca
Published: December 2023

For George Herbert, his contemporaries, and readers, material things were spiritually animated but deeply troubling. Habitual providential and typological interpretation made matter meaningful, and all of Creation interconnected; using material things was an act of interpretation, devotion an act of reading. At the same time Protestant doctrine and Church of England policy regulated the ways and conditions in which material things, bodies, and spaces might be properly used in devotion. By close reading of The Temple, other contemporary devotional and doctrinal texts, this book explores how Herbert and his readers understood, experienced, and used material objects in devotion. The Temple is built of paper and ink, of Biblical allusion, and of analogy to both physical churches and communities of believers: a material and spiritual, literal and figurative construction. Herbert’s verse carries meaning materially and spiritually, literally and figuratively; in its devotional poetics material and spiritual meanings inform one another and the readers’ devotional lives. This book focuses on three significant facets of the materiality of seventeenth-century English devotion: bodies, church buildings, and books. Part I analyses whether and how embodied performance of prayer was spiritually meaningful in the voice, in the heart, and in the postures of prayer. Part II turns to the church building, as the contested space in which public worship was practised, and the model for The Temple’s structuring metaphor. Finally, the Coda examines the book itself as a material object used in devotion, and the surface by which The Temple is read and used.
Introduction
Authors: Cioni Francesca
Published: December 2023

George Herbert’s poem ‘The Posie’, in all its wit, multivalency, and concern with the making of poetry, confronts the reader with problems that are crucial to early modern English Protestant devotion. Herbert’s post-Reformation English readers lived in a world where the capacity for material things, spaces, and bodies to be spiritually meaningful, to participate in and enable full-hearted devotion, or to threaten, distract, and decay, was deeply felt. Discussions of liturgical and ceremonial meaning by Thomas Cranmer and Richard Hooker endeavoured to establish how material things could hold spiritual significance, a discourse which resonates with poetical pronouncements by the likes of George Puttenham, Sir Philip Sidney, and Francis Bacon. The matter and form of Herbert’s verse is often conspicuous as both a material artefact and a prompt for devotional and literary use, and its myriad ‘surfaces’ offer us access to a complex and conflicted world of materiality.
‘Dissolution sure doth best discern’
Authors: Cioni Francesca
Published: December 2023

Death and commemoration were crucial to Herbert’s poetic career: his first poetry published in print was his commemorative verse for his mother, Memoriae Matris Sacrum; Nicholas Ferrar made Herbert’s own pious death the entryway to the printed Temple in his prefatory epistle; and later editions of The Temple accreted commemorative paratexts, making the volume itself a commemorative work. The work of the church monument and that of devotional poetry are fundamentally similar, both representing what is absent—the divine and the deceased subject—through material form and figurative representation. Close reading of Memoriae Matris Sacrum and the Herbert monument at Montgomery reveal the shared complexities and ironies of the poetic and plastic forms. In ‘Church-monuments’ Herbert builds on and ‘dissolves’ the ‘monumental’ form of reading, a textual dissolution that reflects the paradoxes of contemporary literary cultures that exalted monumental texts while prioritizing excepting, recontextualization, and practical use.
Milton and the “Stile of Lofty”
Authors: Vozar Thomas Matthew
Published: December 2023

Chapter 2 argues for the importance of a conception of sublime rhetoric in Milton’s poetry and prose. I first speculate on when and in which edition Milton might have first encountered Longinus. Milton’s education in rhetoric more broadly is also considered, as is the possibility that Milton himself may have taught the Peri hupsous to his nephews. I then show that Milton possessed a sense of biblical sublimity of style which deeply informed his soaring prophetic poetry. The potentially dangerous association of such sublimity with enthusiasm or religious fanaticism is also explored. Finally I turn to the political import of Longinus for Milton, considering the connections between Longinian hupsos and revolutionary politics. The chapter concludes with an analysis of Satan in Paradise Lost as a republican orator whose enslavement by his passions, as Longinus warns, prevents him from achieving true sublimity.
Milton and the Theological Sublime
Authors: Vozar Thomas Matthew
Published: December 2023

Chapter 4 asserts that a notion of the sublime pervaded Milton’s theological thought. I first attend to Milton’s 1634 Maske as a work in which virgin purity so sublimes the soul that the threat of God’s wrath is invoked against its enemies. Next I consider the war in heaven in Paradise Lost, arguing that this episode should not be interpreted as farce but rather as a sublime theomachy which closely follows the Homeric pattern praised by Longinus. After this I endeavor to demonstrate that in Paradise Lost and in the theological treatise De Doctrina Christiana Milton portrays a deity whose obscurity and wrath suggest the ultimately incomprehensible sublimity of the divine. The final part of the chapter considers the neglected theological notion of timor idololatricus (“idolatrous fear”) in De Doctrina, Paradise Lost, and Samson Agonistes.
HRDD at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the International Labour Organization
Authors: Landau Ingrid
Published: December 2023

This chapter examines how human rights due diligence (HRDD) has been received and contested at two prominent intergovernmental organisations in transnational labour governance: the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the International Labour Organization (ILO). Drawing on insights from transnational governance and political science, it shows how HRDD’s framing and dynamics of forum shifting have enabled the OECD to adopt a leading role in explicating what HRDD entails when it comes to labour rights. The OECD has largely interpreted HRDD in a manner consistent with a managerial logic. Recognising the limitations of the OECD’s approach to HRDD, the international labour movement and non-governmental organisations have sought to pursue an alternative interpretation of HRDD at the ILO. To date, however, these efforts have proved largely unsuccessful.
What Does HRDD Mean for Transnational Labour Governance?
Authors: Landau Ingrid
Published: December 2023

This chapter considers what the developments revealed in earlier chapters mean for transnational labour governance as a field of scholarship, policy, and activism. It identifies and discusses four key implications and elaborates on why each warrants greater reflection, dissection, and discussion from labour activists who prioritise human rights due diligence (HRDD) as a strategic objective and among international labour scholars. The first finding is that there is little to suggest that HRDD is being legalised at the international or national level in a way that meets the initial expectations accorded to it by the international labour movement and others. The other three findings arise from HRDD’s reframing of questions around corporate accountability and labour rights in terms of risk management. This reframing is facilitating a more prominent role for national courts and for-profit intermediaries in transnational labour governance. It has also enabled the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development to consolidate its role as a transnational labour regulator. The chapter discusses the implications of each of these developments.