bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Novels: A Recycled Advertisement about the Old Social Construction of Women’s Identity
Authors: Baga Magdalena
Published: December 2023

21st-century digital novels, accessible through mobile apps like Webnovel, Dreame, and Play Books, commonly depict women characters as powerless, impoverished stepdaughters or illegitimate children. These prevalent themes in digital novels often reinforce patriarchal norms and present themes of fathers' financial struggles and indebtedness to wealthy families resulted to contract marriage or planned marriage. Employing the approach of feminist literary criticism, this study aims to examine how these novels uphold antiquated perceptions of women's identity. Through the reading strategy of feminist literary criticism is revealed that these digital novels represented the old construction about women identity, perpetuating the idea that women are powerless and financially dependent on men. From the setting of the novel, we know that the offered themes were not only occurred in eastern culture but also in western culture. They depict women as inanimate objects, lacking agency and voice. The narratives promote patriarchy by portraying male power and oppression as protection, often emphasizing material wealth. This notion is strategically disseminated through digital novels, targeting the millennial generation who have easy access to digital media. Consequently, younger women may internalize these ideas and accept their subjugated role. Instead, digital novels should empower women to navigate patriarchal constraints and depict men who respect and support women's autonomy, challenging traditional gender norms. While the study employs feminist literary criticism as the reading strategy, it's important to acknowledge that different theoretical frameworks or approaches may provide alternative interpretations of the novels. Recognizing the limitations and potential biases of the chosen methodology could lead to a more balanced analysis.
The Relationship between Teachers’ Level of Use of Critical Thinking and their Attitudes
Authors: Laabidi Youssouf , Laabidi Hicham
Published: December 2023

The integration of critical thinking within the classroom enhances the educational experience by providing essential support to teachers in executing their responsibilities and fostering an environment where students can acquire knowledge more efficiently. This practice influences both instructional methods employed by teachers and the learning processes of students. In the context of Morocco, the majority of existing research underscores the significance of critical thinking within higher education. However, limited attention has been given to the implementation of critical thinking within Moroccan high schools. A considerable number of high school graduates lack proficient critical thinking abilities. As a result, it is imperative to incorporate critical thinking into education to facilitate the development of students' problem-solving skills and sound decision-making capabilities. This research endeavor seeks to explore whether a statistically noteworthy correlation exists between teachers’ level of use of critical thinking and their attitudes.
Pre-service and Practicing Teachers’ Commitment to and Comfort with Social Emotional Learning
Authors: Goegan Lauren Denise , Wagner Amanda K. , Daniels Lia M.
Published: December 2023

Although teachers’ beliefs about social-emotional learning have become a topic of interest, understanding how they relate to teachers’ own social-emotional competence is unknown. We used a predictive correlation design to examine how Canadian pre-service (n=138) and in-service (n=276) teachers’ beliefs about social-emotional competence relate to their comfort with and commitment to social-emotional learning, and how both sets of beliefs are related to their perceived efficacy for classroom management and engagement with students. Regression analyses revealed that comfort with social-emotional learning significantly predicted both outcomes for both groups whereas commitment to social-emotional learning did not. Perceived social-emotional competence also played an important role. Pre-service teachers felt more committed to social-emotional learning, whereas in-service teachers felt more comfortable and believed they had higher levels of social-emotional competence themselves. Implications for supporting the development of teachers’ own social-emotional competence and suggestions for future research are provided. Si les croyances des enseignants relatives à l’apprentissage socio-affectif suscitent beaucoup d’intérêt, on ignore le lien entre celles-ci et la compétence socio-affective des enseignants eux-mêmes. Nous appuyant sur une conception de corrélations prédictives, nous avons examiné le lien entre les croyances des stagiaires (n=138) et des enseignants en exercice (n=276) relatives à la compétence socio-affective d’une part, et l’aise et l’engagement dont ils font preuve face à l’apprentissage socio-affectif, d’autre part. De plus, nous nous sommes penchés sur la mesure dans laquelle les croyances des participants sont liées à leur perception de l’efficacité de leur gestion de classe et de leur engagement avec les élèves. Des analyses de régression ont révélé qu’un sentiment d’aisance avec l’apprentissage socio-affectif prédit de manière significative les deux résultats pour les deux groupes alors que ce n’était pas le cas pour un engagement face à l’apprentissage socio-affectif. La perception de la compétence socio-affective a également joué un rôle important. Les stagiaires avaient un sentiment d’engagement plus fort envers l’apprentissage socio-affectif, tandis que les enseignants en exercice se sentaient plus à l’aise et croyaient que leur niveau de compétence socio-affective était plus élevé. Nous présentons quelques implications d’appuyer le développement de la compétence socio-affective des enseignants et des suggestions pour la recherche à l’avenir.
The Impacts of Redlining on Urban Heat in New York’s Capital Districts
Authors: Kirk-Davidoff Rosa , Wiggers Lucia
Published: December 2023

The impact of green space, or lack thereof, on the surface temperature of cities has long been studied through the Urban Heat Island effect. However, the extent to which the historic discriminatory housing policy of redlining influences the temperatures of different neighborhoods in the same city is still being revealed. Here, the researchers investigated how Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) maps correspond to land surface temperatures through uneven distribution of tree canopy and impervious surfaces in New York’s Capital District. Using HOLC maps for Albany, Troy, and Schenectady, the researchers calculated percent tree cover and imperviousness for each of the map’s graded blocks, and calculated the land surface temperature for each block using Landsat 8 imagery. Results showed that neighborhoods rated “hazardous” were generally hotter, more impervious, and less tree-covered than those rated “best” in Albany and Schenectady, but not in Troy. The difference between blocks rated “hazardous” and blocks rated “best” was +2.67°C in Albany, +4.18° in Schenectady, and -1.18° in Troy. These results are an example of how discriminatory housing policies are tied to a disproportional distribution of urban heat. Affected communities, like those in the Capital District, should be identified to increase resilience to the environmental, physiological, and social impacts of climate change.
Keywords: Urban Heat Island Effect, Redlining, New York, Housing Policy, Green Space, Urban Tree Cover.
Accelerating Sustainable Agri-Food Production and Processing in Post-Covid Recovery within Turkey’s Context
Authors: Ahmed Iman Abdulkadir , Defne Cılız
Published: December 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic not only has halted our day-to-day life but has also slowed down our progress towards attaining the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by imposing constraints in our social and economic lives. Hence, an all-hands approach in which stakeholders come together to ensure the implementation of the SDGs is essential for a post-pandemic recovery. As the SDGs are perceived as an invisible whole, it is eminent that synergies and tradeoffs exist within the different goals they present. This review paper explores the environmental-human linkage within SDG 2 and SDG 12 by focusing on optimizing the synergies between sustainable food production systems and resilient agriculture practices while addressing how to reduce the tradeoffs between these goals. The paper analyzes thematic focus areas such as resource utilization in the agri-food sector, food loss and waste management, IoT (Internet of Things) technologies and smart farming, the circular economic model for the agri-food industry, and food security. Moreover, the paper investigates specific targets and indicators for both SDG 2 and SDG 12 and explores these targets within the framework of proper food waste management; increased crop yield; sustainable food production methodologies; the effect of the food production sector on the environment; as well as efficient resource use including water, land, and Nitrogen in the context of Turkey
Applications of Machine Learning in Predictive Analysis and Risk Management in Trading
Authors: V Kavin Karthik
Published: December 2023

The stock market is considered the primary domain of importance in the financial sector where Artificial Intelligence combined with various algorithmic practices empowers investors with data-driven insights, enhancing decision-making, predicting trends, and optimizing risk management for more informed and strategic financial outcomes. This research paper delves into the real-world applications of machine learning and algorithmic trading, observing their historical evolution together and how both of these can go hand in hand to control risk and forecast the movement of a stock or an index and its future. The research is structured to provide comprehensive insights into two major subdomains in the application of AI in algorithmic trading: risk management in equity markets and predictive analysis of stock trends through the application of machine learning models and training the current existing data which is feasible and training them with respect to historical scenarios of various market trends along with various fundamental and technical analysis techniques with the help of various deep learning algorithms. For risk management of a portfolio in finance, various machine learning models can be employed, depending on the specific needs and goals of the portfolio manager or risk analyst and implementing various value-at-risk algorithms along with deep learning techniques in order to assess risk at particular trade position and to manage volatile trades at unprecedented situations. The significance of this research paper lies in its practical applicability, offering real-world solutions to enhance trading strategies and decision-making processes with a focus on mitigating risk and capitalizing on market opportunities and also giving clear insights with respect to the current practical limitations of application of the provided solution and future scope to overcome the same.
Het verlenen van rechten aan natuurentiteiten onderzocht vanuit een juridisch-maatschappelijk en ethisch perspectief
Authors: Lambooy Tineke , Jeurissen Ronald , Mackor Renske
Published: December 2023

Granting rights to elements of nature examined from a legal-social and ethical perspective

Over forty countries around the world are taking an innovative legal path in the field of nature protection and environmental law by granting legal rights to elements of nature. Given the challenges which the Netherlands needs to solve regarding biodiversity loss and pollution of land, water and air, it is high time to reconsider past practices. In this article, the authors explore whether this innovative ‘Rights of Nature’ path could strengthen nature protection and environmental law in the Netherlands as well. The authors address that question from a legal-social and ethical perspective.
TÜRKİYE VE ABD ARASINDA KÜRK TİCARETİ (1950-1960)
Authors: KAYA Havva
Published: December 2023

Kürk ve dericilik tarih boyunca insan hayatında daima önemli bir yere sahip olmuştur. İlk çağlarda insanlar, bedenlerini olumsuz hava koşullarından korumak için hayvanların postlarından yararlanmışlardır. Zamanla kürk sadece ihtiyaç olmaktan çıkarak, önemli bir ticaret emtiası olmuş ve aynı zamanda kişinin yaşadığı toplumda statüsünü belirleyen bir unsur haline gelmiştir. En eski dönemlerden itibaren, kürk ve deri Türk toplumlarında da önemli bir yere sahip olmuştur. İlk Türk devletleri, günlük hayatta kullandıkları deri ve kürk eşyalarını aynı zamanda komşu ülkelere ihraç etmiştir.
ABD ile olan ilişkiler, Osmanlı Devleti ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Dönemi’nde genel olarak siyasi ve askerî açıdan ele alınmış ve ticari ilişkilere yeterince değinilmemiştir. Bu çalışmada sırasıyla kürkün tanımı, insan yaşamındaki yeri ve önemi, kürkün tarihi gelişimi, Türklerde kullanımı ve Osmanlı Devleti’ndeki ticaretine kısaca değinildikten sonra Cumhuriyet Dönemi’ndeki Türk-Amerikan kürk ticareti ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın asıl konusunu 1950 ve 1960 yılları arasında Türkiye’nin ABD ile yaptığı kürk ticareti oluşturmaktadır ve National Archives (United States)’teki 163 numaralı belge ve Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu raporlarından faydalanılmıştır. Neticede, 1950 ve 1955 yılları arasında iki devlet arasında kürk ticaretinin yoğun olarak yapıldığı, 1955 yılından sonra ise bu ticaretin gittikçe azaldığı saptanmıştır.
International Law and the Crisis of COVID-19 on the International Security: A Case Study of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alzahrani Ohud
Published: December 2023

Purpose: This research aims to explore the role of Saudi Arabia in influencing the global system amid the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly examining its efforts in managing the crisis and its impact on international law and security.
 
Theoretical Framework: The study is anchored in the theoretical frameworks of international law and international security. It seeks to understand how these frameworks intersect with Saudi Arabia's response to the pandemic.
 
Method: Utilizing secondary research data, the study adopts a qualitative approach to analyze the phenomenon. It focuses on examining existing literature and data sources to derive insights into Saudi Arabia's pandemic response and its international implications.
 
Results and Conclusions: The findings reveal that international human rights law and the World Health Organization’s (WHO) health regulations significantly shaped Saudi Arabia’s response to the pandemic. The nation adhered to WHO guidelines, contributed funds to the WHO and regional countries, and implemented strong national policies. Additionally, Saudi Arabia made notable efforts in international security by de-escalating conflict with Yemen, in line with the UN secretary-general's ceasefire call. Collectively, these actions have positioned Saudi Arabia as a responsible state in the international community.
 
Research Implications: This study contributes to the broader understanding of state responses to global crises, highlighting the role of national policies and international cooperation. It offers insights into how countries like Saudi Arabia navigate complex challenges like a pandemic while balancing international obligations and national interests.
 
Originality/Value: This research is unique in its comprehensive analysis of Saudi Arabia's multifaceted response to the COVID-19 pandemic, encompassing aspects of international law, health regulations, and security measures. It provides a nuanced understanding of how a key Middle Eastern country has managed a global health crisis while also navigating its own economic transformation and regional geopolitical challenges.
Discriminatory Treatment of Fulfillment of Patient Rights in Services at Facilities by the Healthcare Social Security Agency in Indonesia
Authors: Khalid Hasbuddin , Zainuddin  , Poernomo Sri Lestari
Published: December 2023

Objective: The research aims to explore the fulfillment and protection of BPJS Health Patient rights from discriminatory actions in health services. This research uses a normative juridical approach with descriptive analysis.
 
Theoretical framework: This study revolves around the discriminatory treatment in the fulfillment of patient rights within healthcare services provided by the Healthcare Social Security Agency in Indonesia. This framework is constructed upon three pivotal pillars: the concept of patient rights, the role of the Healthcare Social Security Agency, and the overarching principles of social justice.
 
Method: This research is descriptive and of the normative legal research category. Normative legal research is a form of legal research methodology that bases its analysis on relevant laws and regulations applicable to the legal issues that are the primary focus of the research. Meanwhile, the approaches used in this research are conceptual approach, statute approach and case approach. This study utilizes secondary data derived from both primary and secondary sources.
 
Result and conclusion: The results illustrate that health is the main thing that is the basic need of every human being. BPJS guarantees health services for all users by helping to handle the costs of health services. BPJS Health patients have the right to be protected and fulfilled in health services, although in practice sometimes the fulfilment and protection of these rights are ignored by medical personnel and health facilities. The forms of discriminatory treatment experienced by BPJS Health Patients are the treatment of unprofessional health or medical personnel, queuing for service units with a long time, providing unqualified drugs, and limiting the room quota for BPJS patients.
 
Originality/Value: As a recommendation in the study, Health Facilities and Medical Personnel should act professionally without any discrimination in providing health services to BPJS Health participants.
Do Enterprise Risks Management, Green Intellectual Capital and Business Ethics Improve Sustainable Finance At Financial Institutions In Indonesia?
Authors: Lusmeida Herlina , Khomsiyah  , Arsjah Regina Jansen
Published: December 2023

Purpose: This study aims to test and analyze the effect of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM), Green Intellectual Capital (GIC), and Business Ethics (BE) on Sustainable Finance (SF).

 

Theoretical reference: The theory of legitimacy was first expressed or presented by (Dowling & Pfeffer, 1975). Tracing back to its roots, the term "legitimacy" comes from the Latin word "legitimus", which translates to "according to law" (Danovan, O, 2000).

 

Method: This research uses a quantitative descriptive verification method. The data used in this study are secondary data in the form of financial reports, annual reports and sustainability reports on the idx website.  The population in this study are financial services companies listed on the IDX for the 2018-2021 period. The model in this study uses multiple regression, because the independent variables in this study consist of several variables.

 

Results and Conclusion: The results showed that ERM has a positive effect on sustainable finance, GIC has a positive effect on sustainable finance, and BE has a positive effect on sustainable finance. ERM, GIC, and BE can benefit companies in several ways, including improving financial performance, reducing costs, and improving reputation. The results of this study contribute to the development of management accounting and business ethics that sustainable finance is influenced by several important factors, namely ERM, GIC, and BE.

 

Implications of research: Research shows that ERM can improve financial sustainability in financial institutions in Indonesia, the implication of which is the importance of awareness towards more holistic and integrated risk management within companies. This may mean financial institutions should focus on developing more effective ERM processes, which can help them identify and manage risk in a more efficient way. This research can be used to enrich the sustainable finance literature, especially regarding the development of its measurement. The index measurement uses a disclosure checklist measurement and uses dumies so that it allows the appearance of subjectivity. There is a need for direct verification of some sample companies.
ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AND PRODUCTS CERTIFIED UNDER QUALITY SCHEMES IN ROMANIA
Authors:   Academy of Romanian Scientists, Romania; Romanian Academy – Iasi Branch;  “Gh. Zane” Institute for Economic and Social Research, Iași County, Romania, BRUMĂ Ioan Sebastian , JELEA Alexandra Raluca ,   Academy of Romanian Scientists,  Romania, RODINO Steliana ,   Institute of Research for Agriculture Economy and Rural Development, Romania; National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Romania
Published: December 2023

Organic farming and agri-food products certified through voluntary quality schemesare areas of interest for both authorities and consumers. In recent years, this sector has been developing steadily in Romania, and producers have begun to realize the potential for growth in this niche sector. This research aims to highlight the stage of development of organic agriculture and certified products in Romania. Nationally, it was observed that organic farming covers approximately 0.5 million hectares, unevenly distributed across land use categories. This area represents only 3.5% of the national agricultural land, a proportion well below the European target of 25% of the EU's agricultural land, set to be achieved by 2030. Regarding agri-food products certified through voluntary quality schemes, there are 3815 certified products nationally, unevenly represented in certification categories, with the majority belonging to mountain products.
INFLUENCIADORES DIGITAIS COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE MARKETING: COMO ELES INFLUENCIAM NO CONSUMO DE PRODUÇÕES CINEMATOGRÁFICAS
Authors: Castro Angel Aparecida Costa , De Oliveira Júnior Manoel Carlos , Soares Filho Afrânio de Amorim Francisco
Published: December 2023

A evolução das estratégias de marketing por meio das mídias sociais, bem como o aumento do consumo de produções cinematográficas nos últimos anos, motivou este estudo em busca de identificar a participação dos influenciadores digitais na decisão dos consumidores de produções cinematográficas. Para isso, a metodologia utilizada foi a análise de conteúdo qualitativa, com entrevista parcialmente estruturada contendo quatorze perguntas, realizada com treze pessoas, por meio da plataforma de reuniões virtual Google Meet. Em seguida, foi utilizado recurso de gravação de áudio durante as entrevistas e, posteriormente, realizada a transcrição com as respostas, utilizando o software Microsoft Office Excel e Word. Quanto aos resultados, observou-se que os influenciadores digitais como estratégias de divulgação para o consumo de produções cinematográficas possuem pouca influência para os entrevistados, todavia, ainda são estratégias de marketing relevantes para a indústria cinematográfica.
Dampak Adanya Perusahaan PT. Surya Setia Sejahtera Terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat
Authors: Ali Moh. Mudassir , Hanapi Hariani , Perawati Perawati
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak perusahaan PT. Surya Setia Sejahtera di Kelurahan Tambun terhadap kesempatan kerja, pendapatan dan kesejahterahan masyarakat Kelurahan Tambun. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian lapangan diketahui bahwa perkembangan dari adanya perusahaan PT. Surya Setia Sejahtera di Kelurahan Tambun, sangat berdampak positif bagi masyarakat setempat karena mempermudah masyarakat mengambil barang untuk dijual tidak langsung dibayar jika mengambil barang di perusahaan pembayaran bisa dilakukan setelah barang sudah habis terjual. Adapun dimana terdapat peluang bagi masyarakat untuk bekerja didalam perusahaan agar supaya peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat meningkat, oleh itu bagemana pemerintah bisa kerja sama dengan perusahaan agar masyarakat Kelurahan Tambun bisa bekerja tidak lagi keluar mencari pekerjaan.
Perspective Chapter: Methanol as a Fuel for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs) – Principles and Performance
Authors: Romagnoli Marcello , Testa Veronica
Published: December 2023

Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol (CH3OH), is a colorless, flammable, and volatile liquid produced commercially through the catalytic reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen or by gasification. Despite toxicity and serious health effects, methanol has recently gained attention as a feedstock for chemical synthesis, a solvent in industrial processes, an antifreeze agent, a potential solution for sustainable energy production, and as a potential alternative fuel for biofuel in automotive diesel engines in diesel vehicle applications. This is attributed to its notable energy density and convenient manageability when contrasted with hydrogen, a fuel more commonly employed in various other types of fuel cells. Proper handling and safety precautions are necessary when employing methanol as a fuel in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) in portable electronic devices, backup power systems, and remote power generation applications. The performance of DMFCs is largely determined by the efficiency of the anode and cathode reactions, as well as the conductivity of the electrolyte. In the quest for more environmentally friendly and sustainable options, the uses of methanol are undergoing dynamic advancements, providing solutions that address both current energy demands and overarching environmental objectives.
Sustainable Artificial Intelligence Solutions for Agricultural Efficiency and Carbon Footprint Reduction in India
Authors: Ahuja Simran , Mehra Pooja
Published: December 2023

By boosting productivity, cutting waste, and raising yields, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionise Indian agriculture. It is crucial to consider the complete life cycle of AI systems to reduce the carbon footprint of AI in agriculture. Though the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) is always assumed to be positive in reducing carbon emissions, the forecasting analysis based on the exponential smoothing model and life cycle assessment (LCA) predicts that AI will decrease carbon emission in agriculture by 2030. To move forward, some policy recommendations include promoting energy-efficient AI hardware, adoption of renewable energy, optimizing AI algorithms for energy efficiency, supporting precision agriculture (PA), and embracing circular economy practices. The way to achieve sustainable agriculture with the combination of smart agriculture is through Precision farming, which has the potential to transform Indian agriculture, enhance food security and help farmers adapt to climate change while increasing efficiency. Data-driven decision in crop management can lessen climate change effects and reduce vulnerability to extreme weather events. Overall, lowering the carbon footprint of AI in agriculture would necessitate a combination of legislative initiatives that support energy-saving technologies, renewable energy, and environmentally friendly farming methods.
Molecular Beam Epitaxy of Si, Ge, and Sn and Their Compounds
Authors: Schwarz Daniel , Oehme Michael , Kasper Erich
Published: December 2023

In the past decade, the increasing need for high-performance micro- and nanoelectronics has driven the research on group IV heterostructure devices, which utilize quantum effects as dominant working principle. The compound semiconductor SiGeSn has presented itself as promising material system for group IV heterostructures due to its unique properties. Prominent applications range from the Si-integrated laser to tunneling field effect transistors for the next complementary metal oxide semiconductor generations. However, the epitaxy of heterostructures requires atomic sharp material transitions as well as high crystal quality, conditions where molecular beam epitaxy is the method of choice since it can take place beyond the thermodynamic equilibrium. Besides the numerous opportunities, the molecular beam epitaxy of SiGeSn poses various challenges, like the limited solid solubility of Sn in Si and Ge and the segregation of Sn. In this chapter, we discuss the molecular beam epitaxy of SiGeSn at ultra-low temperatures to suppress these effects.
Increasing Trend and Influencing Factors of Pre-term Labor in Iran from 2005 to 2019
Authors: Abbassinia Hanieh , Dashti Sareh , Gholami Roya , Ghalekhondabi Leila , Borumandnia Nasrin
Published: December 2023

Background: Each year, an estimated 15 million pre-term births occur worldwide, with the incidence of pre-term labor on the rise globally. Complications arising from pre-term labor are a leading cause of mortality among children under the age of 5. Despite this, there has been limited research on the trend of pre-term labor in Iran. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the trend of pre-term labor and identify influencing factors on pre-term labor in Arak city, Iran, from 2005 to 2019. Methods: We analyzed a total of 89 307 live birth cases in Arak city from 2005 to 2019. The trend of pre-term labor over this study period was evaluated using statistical analysis software packages, specifically SPSS version 25. Linear trend analyses, as well as univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, were performed for statistical analysis. Results: The mean percentage of pre-term labor incidence during the first, second, and third 5-year periods was 8.9%, 10.3%, and 12.1%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed an increasing trend in pre-term labor incidence, even after adjusting for confounding factors (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The observed increasing trend in pre-term labor incidence indicates the necessity for a comprehensive preventive strategy. This strategy should focus on identifying high-risk pregnancies and implementing effective interventions. The increasing incidence of pre-term labor in Arak city highlights the necessity for preventive measures to reduce the burden of this condition.
Performance Evaluation of Biochip Chemiluminescent Immunoassay for Screening Seven Mycotoxins in Wheat Flour Simultaneously
Authors: Osouli Mahraz , Yazdanpanah Hassan , Salamzadeh Jamshid , Eslamizad Samira
Published: December 2023

Background: Wheat grains are susceptible to mycotoxins, toxic natural secondary metabolites generated by certain fungi on agricultural produce in the field during growth, harvest, transportation, or storage. Therefore, wheat flour can be contaminated with mycotoxins, which seriously threaten human health. Methods: A rapid method for screening seven mycotoxins in wheat flour was validated in accordance with Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. With this multi-analytical screening method, 7 prevalent mycotoxins (fumonisin B1, ochratoxin A, aflatoxin G1, deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, aflatoxin B1, and zearalenone) can be determined simultaneously. The method’s applicability was demonstrated by screening 7 mycotoxins in 39 wheat flour samples collected from different bakeries in Tehran province, Iran. Results: The validation results indicated that for all 7 mycotoxins, the positivity threshold (T) was above the cut-off value (Fm), and no false positive results were obtained for any of the mycotoxins. The screening results of 12 packaged and 27 bulk wheat flour samples indicated that the concentrations of all mentioned mycotoxins were higher than the cut-off (in the relative light unit [RLU]), and all the samples were compliant. Conclusions: The present study revealed that the biochip-based technique is valid for identifying and assessing the levels of 7 mycotoxins in grain samples, such as wheat flour, at the measured validation concentrations. The method was simple, fast, and able to screen 7 mycotoxins simultaneously. The test process of the kit is easy to conduct, and the results are straightforward to interpret.
The Relationship of Inflammatory Chemokine, CXCL12, with NT-proBNP: A Marker of Congestive Heart Failure in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Hassan Nzar Hussein , Shamsi Afsaneh , Soufivand Parviz , Bahremand Fariborz , Taghaddosi Mahdi , Roghani Seyed Askar
Published: December 2023

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most considerable long-term outcome of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the leading cause of premature death in RA patients. The pathogenesis of CVD in RA is largely determined by persistent systemic inflammation and its underlying factors, including chemokines. In this regard, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) has a crucial role in the CVD and RA pathogenesis. For the first time, plasma CXCL12 was related to conventional CV risk and well-established cardiac biomarkers in RA patients. Methods: This study was conducted on 30 RA patients who have been newly diagnosed, 30 under-treatment RA patients, and 30 healthy subjects. The plasma levels of CXCL12 and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP) were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The high sensitivity C-reactive protein (HS-CRP) concentration was evaluated in plasma samples using the ADVIA 1800 Clinical Chemistry System based on the latex-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay. The CVD risk was measured by calculating the Framingham risk score (FRS) and systematic coronary risk evaluation (SCORE). Results: The mean FRS and plasma concentration of high-density lipid (HDL), NT-proBNP, and HS-CRP were significantly different between the three groups (P = 0.029, P < 0.001, P = 0.016, P < 0.001, respectively). A significant positive correlation was found between CXCL12 with disease activity score-28 (DAS-28) (P = 0.024, r = 0.293) and NT-proBNP (P < 0.0001, r = 0.570) in the patients’ group. Conclusions: Based on the results, there was a significant relationship between the inflammatory mediator CXCL12 and a well-known cardiac biomarker, NT-proBNP.
Comments on Glasgow, The Solace
Authors: Rosati Connie S. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: December 2023

In his book, The Solace: Finding Value in Death through Gratitude for Life, Joshua Glasgow recounts his thoughts as he tried to prepare for a conversation about death with his dying mother, whom he hoped to comfort. After rejecting certain possible sources of solace, he argues that our passing away itself has value, which it derives from the meaningfulness of our lives as a whole, and this value can provide the comfort we may seek. I raise a number of difficulties for and questions about Glasgow’s claims, ultimately concluding that even if our passing away had some value, recognizing thiswould add nothing to the solace we may derive from reflecting on the value of our lives themselves.
8-Tracks, The Demands of Gratitude and Harmonious Stews
Authors: McAleer Sean ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: December 2023

Joshua Glasgow’s (2020) is a beautiful, philosophically rich book. Here I raise five main questions and criticisms. The first argues that holistic gratitude is too demanding: someone who can muster only fragmented gratitude is not failing to do and feel what is required; thus holistic gratitude is morally optional. The second suggests ways in which the metaphors Glasgow uses to express the idea of radiant value are problematic. The third notes that radiant value seems a sort of inverted cousin of the doctrine of organic unities but points to an important analogy between them that problematizes the notion of radiant value. The fourth discusses Glasgow’s giving up on holistic gratitude in s penultimate chapter and briefly explores the strong affinities holistic gratitude to certain features of Roman Stoicism. The fifth draws on a passage from Henry James’ and the classical Chinese notion of harmony to gesture toward a conception of holistic gratitude that might, after all, provide solace for passing away.
Concordance of Immunohistochemistry and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in the Detection of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) and Ros Proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) Gene Rearrangements in Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: A 4.5-Year Experience Highlighting Challenges and Pitfalls
Authors: Nambirajan Aruna , Sood Ridhi , Khatoon Warisa , Malik Prabhat Singh , Mohan Anant , Jain Deepali
Published: December 2023

Context.—

ALK and ROS1 rearrangements are essential biomarkers to be tested in advanced lung adenocarcinomas. While D5F3 Ventana assay is a companion diagnostic for anaplastic lymphoma kinase–targeted therapy, immunohistochemistry is only a screening tool for detecting ROS1 rearrangement. Confirmation by cytogenetic or molecular techniques is necessary.

Objective.—

To evaluate the utility of ALK and ROS1 fluorescence in situ hybridization as a complement to immunohistochemistry in routine predictive biomarker testing algorithms.

Design.—

The study was ambispective, spanning 4.5 years during which lung adenocarcinoma samples were subjected to EGFR mutation testing by real-time polymerase chain reaction and ALK/ROS1 rearrangement testing by immunohistochemistry (Ventana D5F3 assay for anaplastic lymphoma kinase protein; manual assay with D4D6 clone for Ros proto-oncogene 1 protein). Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed in all anaplastic lymphoma kinase equivocal and Ros proto-oncogene 1 immunopositive cases.

Results.—

Of 1874 samples included, EGFR mutations were detected in 27% (481 of 1796). Anaplastic lymphoma kinase immunohistochemistry was positive in 10% (174 of 1719) and equivocal in 3% (58 of 1719) of samples tested. ALK fluorescence in situ hybridization showed 81% (77 of 95) concordance with immunohistochemistry. Ros proto-oncogene 1 immunopositivity was noted in 13% (190 of 1425) of cases, with hybridization-confirmed rearrangements in 19.3% (26 of 135) of samples, all of which showed diffuse, strong- to moderate-intensity, cytoplasmic staining in tumor cells. Ros proto-oncogene 1 protein overexpression without rearrangement was significantly common in EGFR-mutant and ALK-rearranged adenocarcinomas.

Conclusions.—

Immunostaining is a robust method for ALK-rearrangement testing, with fluorescence in situ hybridization adding value in the rare equivocal stained case. ROS1-rearrangement testing is more cost-effective if immunohistochemistry is followed by fluorescence in situ hybridization after excluding EGFR-mutant and ALK-rearranged adenocarcinomas.
Effects of Exposure to Radiofrequency at 2.45 GHz on Structural Changes Associated with Lipid Peroxidation in Prepubertal Rat Testicular Tissue
Authors: Karadayi Aysegul , Akgun Unal Nilufer , Gulbahce Mutlu Elif , Korunur Engiz Begum , Akkoca Ahmet , Varol Salih
Published: December 2023

Objective: The increasing use of electronic devices, accompanied by advancing technologies, has led to heightened exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation (EMR). This exposure instigates the accumulation of free radicals and oxidative damage in tissues, consequently impacting biological systems. Notably, the testis is among the tissues adversely affected by EMR. Numerous studies have highlighted the pivotal role of the testis in sperm production, emphasizing the potential implications of any damage on the reproductive system. This study aims to assess the levels of lipid peroxidation through histological evaluation in the testicular tissue of prepubertal male rats exposed to electromagnetic radiation at varying electric field intensities within the 2.45 GHz radiofrequency (RF) range.
Methods: The experimental group comprises six subdivisions, including a sham control group, as well as groups exposed to varying electric field strengths (EFS) of 0.6 V/m, 1.9 V/m, 5 V/m, 10 V/m, and 15 V/m, respectively. Excluding the sham control group, the remaining subgroups were subjected to a daily 2.45 GHz RF exposure for 1 hour starting immediately after fertilization. This exposure to different electric field intensities continued for 45 days post-birth.
Results: The samples obtained from the RF radiation-exposed rats exhibited elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) values and decreased glutathione (GSH) values in the testicular tissue. Furthermore, a comparative analysis between the microwave radiation-exposed group and the control group revealed distinct histological alterations in the testicular tissue.
Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings indicate that exposure to microwave radiation at an electric field intensity of 15 V/m can lead to significant histopathological and oxidative parameter changes in Wistar rats. These results underscore the potential effects of such exposure on human health.
Modelling of Zinc-Air Fuel Cell and Alkaline Zinc Electrolyzer
Authors:   , Lao-atiman Woranunt
Published: December 2023

A zinc-air fuel cell (ZAFC) is attracting widespread interest for electricity generation. Furthermore, ZAFC combining with alkaline zinc electrolyzer is a potential candidate for an energy storage system. This work aims to develop dynamic mathematical models of ZAFC and alkaline zinc electrolyzer and to investigate the effects of operating parameters on the cell performance. The ZAFC was devised as a tubular cell with electrolyte flow inside. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution mixed with zinc powder was used as the electrolyte. Stainless steel mesh and nickel foam were used as current collectors of anode and cathode, respectively. Manganese dioxide mixed with graphite used as the catalyst was coated on nickel foam. The electrolyzer cell was devised as electroplating cell with stirred electrolyte. KOH solution mixed with zinc oxide (ZnO) was used as the electrolyte of the electrolyzer. Copper sheet and nickel foam were used as the current collectors of cathode and anode, respectively. The developed models were implemented in MATLAB and validated with experimental data. Good agreement between the predicted data and experimental data was obtained for both ZAFC and electrolyzer. The proposed models were then used to investigate the effects of four parameters: KOH concentration, flow, zincate ion concentration and conductive carbon. By increasing KOH concentration, the cell voltage increased. Nevertheless, at the KOH concentration above 7 M, the cell voltage dropped as the KOH concentration increased because of the adverse effects on ionic conductivity and anodic exchange current density. ZAFC performance improved by using high flow rate. For long-time operation, using higher flow rate could maintain zinc content and electrolyte concentration better than that of lower flow rate. Higher concentration of zincate ion resulted in lower Nernst potential and cell voltage. A Higher amount of ZnO provided lower electrode conductivity and active area of zinc electrode. Adding carbon did not improve cell performance significantly. For the electrolyzer, the highest ionic conductivity was also observed at 7 M. Therefore, this concentration provided lowest cell voltage at high current. KOH concentration lower or greater than 7 M provided higher cell voltage. Below the saturation limit of zincate ion, increasing zincate ion concentration decreased cell voltage. Increasing zincate ion concentration above the saturation limit provided no significant improvement. For current efficiency (C.E.) of zinc electrolyzer, higher current density provided higher C.E. in all conditions. Moreover, increasing concentration of both KOH and zincate ion increased C.E.
Financial literacy and entrepreneurial sustainability of women investment groups in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors:   Masters of Business Administration Candidate, Department of Business Administration, School of Business Economics and Tourism, Kenyatta University., Githaiga Florence Wanjiru , Bula Hannah Orwa ,   Senior Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, School of Business Economics and Tourism, Kenyatta University.
Published: December 2023

Though entrepreneurial sustainability of women investment groups and businesses is integral to economic sustainability they are severely faced by a number of challenges in the quest of seeking entrepreneurial sustainability. This was quite evident during the COVID-19 pandemic where three in five businesses owned by women collapsed or downsized; resulting to job losses, and difficulties in accessing financing. This had a cascading effect on their sustainability, raising questions on the general sustainability of women investment groups and businesses. The most recurring problem that surfaced is that there exist substantial financial literacy gaps among these women groups that predispose them to financial challenges. It is on this premise that this study aimed to assess how financial literacy influence entrepreneurial sustainability of women investment groups in Nairobi. The study was anchored on human capital theory and employed descriptive research design. It targeted chairpersons drawn from 17000 groups; out of which a sample of 284 was used. The primary data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires that were self-administered. The results indicated that financial literacy had a strong positive influence on entrepreneurial sustainability of women investment groups. This powerful association emphasized the essential role played by financial literacy in empowering the women with fundamentals of financial management knowledge and skills that enable them to make sound financial and investment decision that bolsters not only growth but also entrepreneurial sustainability of their investment activities and businesses. In the light of this, the study recommended prioritization of financial education and literacy programs by all women investment groups; as well as customer-tailoring them to fulfill the diverse needs of each group. Additionally, it recommends that there should equity in access to financial education among women of all backgrounds. Equally, there should be increased collaboration and partnership between micro-financial institutions and women investment groups to promote access to credit, investment opportunities and other financial services; as well as development of policies that encourage financial inclusion.
Regional E-Waste Monitor for the Western Balkans
Authors:   United Nations Environment Programme,   International Telecommunication Union,   United Nations Institute for Training and Research
Published: December 2023

The Regional E-waste Monitor for the Western Balkans report was implemented through a joint partnership between the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and the Sustainable Cycles (SCYCLE) Programme under United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR). Focusing on 5 countries in the Western Balkans region (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia), this report provides data and facts and, as well, describes and analyses statistics, key-stakeholders, current policies and legislation, technological practices, and societal interdependencies related to e-waste management in the region; it also provides recommendations on how to better cope with the e-waste issue in the Western Balkans region.