bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Multifactorial Burden of Endometriosis: Predictors of Quality of Life
Authors: Kupec Tomas , Kennes Lieven Nils , Senger Rebecca , Meyer-Wilmes Philipp , Najjari Laila , Stickeler Elmar , Wittenborn Julia
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disorder characterized by ectopic endometrial-like tissue. The symptoms of this disease negatively affect the patient’s quality of life, both physically and mentally. This study aims to identify key factors impacting health-related quality of life in endometriosis patients. Methods: A total of 175 patients from the Endometriosis Centre of the RWTH Aachen University Hospital were assessed using the German version of the EHP-30. The EHP is a patient self-report tool used to measure the wide range of impacts that endometriosis can have on women’s lives (affecting pain levels, leading to feelings of powerlessness and a loss of control, and affecting their emotional well-being, social support, and self-image). Multivariate linear regression and random forest analyses were performed to evaluate predictors of health-related quality of life, focusing on demographic characteristics, pain severity, endometriosis symptoms and planned procedures. Results: Key factors that have a significant negative impact on QoL include higher pain scores, dysuria, and persistent endometriosis. Higher pain scores negatively affect the EHP-30 pain (p < 0.0001), control and powerlessness (p < 0.0001) and emotional well-being (p < 0.01) scores. Dysuria has a negative effect on pain (p < 0.001), control and powerlessness (p < 0.001), emotional well-being (p < 0.05), and social support (p < 0.05). Persistent endometriosis was negatively associated with pain (p < 0.01), control and powerlessness (p < 0.01), and social support. Previous endometriosis surgery has a positive effect on the EHP-30 scores for pain, control and powerlessness, emotional well-being, and self-image (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our study highlights the multifactorial impact of endometriosis on health-related QoL. Personalized treatments focusing on pain management, emotional support and social interventions are crucial to improve patient outcomes.
Immunotherapy in Ophthalmic Oncology: Current Trends and Future Directions
Authors: Masalkhi Mouayad , Wahoud Noura , Moran Bridget , Elhassadi Ezzat
Published: January 2025

Background: Immunotherapy represents a revolutionary approach in cancer treatment, where it leverages the body’s immune system to target and destroy malignant cells. In ophthalmic oncology, immunotherapeutic agents offer potential for managing traditionally challenging ocular malignancies, such as melanoma and retinoblastoma. In this literature review, we aim to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review of all current research and trends in this field. Methods: This literature reviews data from recent clinical trials, peer-reviewed articles, and meta-analyses focused on immunotherapeutic interventions for eye-related cancers. Emphasis is placed on the types of immunotherapies being tested, including checkpoint inhibitors, vaccine therapies, and adoptive cell transfer therapies. Results: Recent advancements indicate a growing and significant improvement in survival rates and tumor reduction with minimal adverse effects. Clinical trials focusing on melanoma show significant promise with targeted therapies, while early-stage investigations into retinoblastoma and conjunctival melanoma explore innovative approaches to harness the immune system without harming visual function. Conclusions: Immunotherapy in ophthalmic oncology is evolving rapidly and has demonstrated a remarkable potential as a primary treatment strategy. Although results from various clinical trials are promising, further research is needed to refine these therapies, minimize side effects, and improve overall patient outcomes. The future directions involve more comprehensive clinical trials that integrate immunotherapy with existing treatment modalities to establish more robust treatment protocols.
Channel Shortening-Based Single-Carrier Underwater Acoustic Communications in Impulsive Environment
Authors: Tu Xingbin , Li Zicheng , Wei Yan , Qu Fengzhong
Published: January 2025

Underwater acoustic (UWA) communication encounters significant challenges, including impulsive noise from breaking waves and marine organisms, as well as long-delay taps caused by ocean properties and high transmission rates. To address these issues, we enhance the channel estimation process by introducing iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS) methods and propose an impulsive noise suppression algorithm. Furthermore, we analyze the inter-frequency interference (IFI) resulting from channel variability and implement IFI cancellation (IFIC) during iterative processing. Furthermore, an IFIC-based dual decision–feedback equalization (DDFE) algorithm is proposed for fast time-varying channels, enabling a considerable reduction in channel length and subsequent equalizer complexity. The proposed IFIC-based DDFE algorithm with impulsive noise suppression has been validated through sea trial data, demonstrating robustness against impulsive noise. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm reduces click signal energy and significantly improves receiver performance compared to traditional DDFE algorithms. This research highlights the effectiveness of adapted UWA communication strategies in environments characterized by impulsive noise and long delay taps, facilitating more reliable UWA communication.
Isolation, Morphological and Molecular–Phenological Identification of Nematophagous Fungi Inhabiting the Soils of Agricultural Lands in Southern Kazakhstan
Authors: Kanalbek Gulzat , Zhanuzak Akniyet , Faleev Dmitry , Nusupov Aidos , Mukhatayeva Karlygash , Boguspaev Kenzhe-Karim
Published: January 2025

The aim of the present research is the isolation and morphological and molecular–phenological identification of nematophagous fungi of Southern Kazakhstan for the production of effective bionematicides on their basis. Nematophagous fungi, which include nematode-trapping, ovicidal, endoparasitic, toxin-producing, and special substance-producing fungi, are among the most effective biological agents in controlling phytoparasitic nematodes. To isolate and characterize nematophagous fungi, soil samples were collected at 12 sites in three regions of Southern Kazakhstan. The samples were collected using the envelope method. The content of nematophagous fungi in the samples was determined using the standard surface sowing technique. The obtained strains of nematophagous fungi were identified. The attractive and nematophagous activity of the obtained fungal strains was determined by using standard methods. In experiments on the isolation and morphological identification of nematophagous fungi, the nematode species Meloidogyne incognita was used. Identification of the strains was carried out by the method of determining the direct nucleotide sequence of the region of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer, followed by determination of nucleotide identity with sequences deposited in the international GeneBank database. As a result, the following species of nematophagous fungi living in the soils of agricultural lands in Southern Kazakhstan were identified: Orbilia oligospora, Duddingtonia flagrans, Orbilia oligospora, and Arthrobotrys superba.
Exploring the Diversity and Ecological Dynamics of Palm Leaf Spotting Fungi—A Case Study on Ornamental Palms in Portugal
Authors: Pereira Diana S. , Phillips Alan J. L.
Published: January 2025

Palm trees (Arecaceae) are among the most popular ornamental plants worldwide. Despite extensive research on the fungi associated with Arecaceae, the diversity and ecological dynamics of fungi affecting ornamental palms remain poorly studied, although they have significant impact on palm health and economic value. Furthermore, while research on palm fungal diversity has traditionally focused on tropical assemblages, ornamental palms in temperate climates offer a unique opportunity to explore the diversity of palm fungi in non-native habitats. The present study conducted a preliminary assessment of the diversity and ecology of potential phytopathogenic fungi associated with foliar lesions on various ornamental palm host species in Portugal, combining morphological examination, PCR-based genomic fingerprinting, and biodiversity data analysis. The examination of 134 foliar lesions sampled from 100 palm trees resulted in a collection of 2064 palm leaf spotting fungi (PLSF), representing a diverse fungal assemblage of 320 molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) across 97 genera. The overall fungal community composition revealed a distinct assemblage dominated by Neosetophoma, Alternaria, Phoma, and Cladosporium, with a profusion of infrequent and rare taxa consistent with a logseries distribution. Significantly positive co-occurrence (CO) patterns among prevalent and uncommon taxa suggest potential synergistic interactions enhancing fungal colonisation, persistence, and pathogenicity. The taxonomic structures of the PLSF contrasted markedly from tropical palm fungi, especially in the prevalence of pleosporalean coelomycetes of the Didymellaceae and Phaeosphaeriaceae, including recently introduced or not previously documented genera on Arecaceae. This novel assemblage suggests that climatic constraints shape the structure of palm fungal communities, resulting in distinctive temperate and tropical assemblages. In addition, the fungal assemblages varied significantly across palm host species, with temperate-native palms hosting more diverse, coelomycete-enriched communities. The present findings highlight foliar lesions as hyperdiverse microhabitats harbouring fungal communities with intricate interactions and a complex interplay of climatic, host, and ecological factors. With climate change altering environmental conditions, the identification of fungi thriving in or inhabiting these microhabitats becomes crucial for predicting shifts in pathogen dynamics and mitigating future fungal disease outbreaks. Understanding these complex ecological dynamics is essential for identifying potential phytopathogenic threats and developing effective management strategies for the health and sustainability of ornamental plants.
Molecular Phylogeny and Morphology Reveal Four New Species of Conocybe (Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales) from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China
Authors: Han Xi-Xi , Phurbu Dorji , Cao Bin , Li Jia-Xin , Zhu Xin-Yu , Liu Lin-Hui , Thongklang Naritsada , Hyde Kevin D. , Zhao Rui-Lin
Published: January 2025

The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, known for its high altitude, geological history of plate collision, crustal uplift, and special ecology factors, provides an ideal environment for studying fungal biodiversity in extreme environmental conditions. Some species within the Conocybe, containing secondary metabolites such as psilocybin, phallotoxins, and amatoxins, have potential medicinal value for treating psychiatric disorders and for use in drug development. This study investigates Conocybe (Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales) on the Plateau, based on specimens collected over the past decade, using morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Seven species were identified, including four new species: C. alticola, C. alticoprophila, C. versicolor, and C. yadongensis. Molecular analyses, utilizing multi-gene sequence data (ITS, nrLSU, and tef-1α), support the taxonomic position of these new species within this genus as new species. Detailed descriptions, illustrations, photographs, line drawings, and comparisons with related species are provided for the new taxa. This study enriches the species diversity of Conocybe on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, further enhancing our understanding of fungal biodiversity in this region.
Analysis of Coupled Coordination and Driving Factors of Urbanization, Ecosystem Services, and Human Well-Being in the High and Coarse Sediment Yield in the Middle Yellow River
Authors: Cao Hong , Zhu Qiuchen , Bai Hua , He Hongzhou , Liu Chunli
Published: January 2025

The ecological and social problems brought about by China’s rapid urbanization process threaten sustainable development. Taking the cities with high and coarse sediment yield in the middle reaches of the Yellow River as the research objects, this study constructed a complex analytical framework composed of urbanization, ecosystem service value (ESV), and human well-being (HBW) subsystems. The equivalent factor method (EFM) was used to evaluate the ESV. The entropy weight method (EWM) and the comprehensive nighttime light index (CNLI) were adopted to assess the level of urbanization and human well-being. Then, coupled coordination degree (CCD) and grey relational modes were developed to reveal the level and major obstacles of synergistic development. The results showed that, from 2000 to 2020, urbanization, ESV, and HWB increased. The average value of CCD grew from 0.34 to 0.56, with higher coordination levels in the northeast and south. The coordinated development is influenced by multiple factors, with the intensity of the driving factors decreasing in the order of industrial structure, population quality, economic drive, government regulation, and scientific and technological support. The results indicate that it is essential to formulate differentiated regionally coordinated development strategies and establish cross-regional cooperation mechanisms to achieve interactive urban economic development, ecological protection, and well-being improvements in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.
Heterogeneity of Ecosystem Service Interactions Through Scale Effects and Time Effects and Their Social-Ecological Determinants in the Tuo River Basin
Authors: He Simin , Xie Yusong , Zhang Jing , Luo Yanyun , Wang Qianna
Published: January 2025

Ecosystem services (ESs) assessment plays a significant role in managing ecological resources. Uncovering the complex interdependencies between ESs and their key drivers is an essential preliminary step toward the coordinated management of ESs. Currently, a major challenge lies in precisely evaluating trade-offs and synergies among ESs across different spatial and temporal scales, particularly in capturing their dynamic evolution and determinants. This study focuses on the Tuo River Basin in China, quantifying four key ESs, namely, habitat quality (HQ), nitrogen export (NE), soil conservation (SC), and water yield (WY), and assessing their interactions from 2000 to 2020 at both grid and county scales. Moreover, this study explored the social-ecological driving factors influencing these ESs. The results showed that (1) SC and WY in the region exhibited an increasing trend, HQ and NE declined, and ESs at the county scale showed a central collapse feature; (2) synergies between HQ–NE, HQ–WY, and SC–WY pairs generally increased, the relationships between NE–SC and NE–WY pairs showed slight fluctuations, and there was a decline in the synergies within the HQ–SC pair; and (3) the interplay of all drivers positively affected ESs, with land use/land cover being the most significant and GDP exerting a lower influence. ES assessment results exhibited distinctive characteristics at two scales. Based on these findings, management strategies that incorporate both scales and cross policy boundaries are proposed to effectively meet management objectives. These results can facilitate improved synergy between regional ecological protection and economic development.
Alien Plant Invasion: Are They Strictly Nature’s Enemy and How Can We Use Their Supremacy?
Authors: Bobuľská Lenka , Demková Lenka , Pinčáková Gabriela , Lošák Tomáš
Published: January 2025

The invasion of plant species is considered to be one of the most dangerous forces in biodiversity change and alteration of soil properties. Due to their significant impact on ecology and the economy, it is important to find an effective approach to manage invasive plant expansion and utilize them as a beneficial biomass source. This review focuses on the characterization of the negative and positive features of invasive plant species in general. Most studies focus on invasive species removal and lack an evaluation of their potential in modern biotechnologies. Currently, there are studies aimed at investigating their use in soil remediation, medicine, the chemical industry, the textile industry, and even gastronomy. Based on these reviews, we bring forward possible future developments in this research field which might serve as a theoretical premise for further research.
High and Low Adherence to Mediterranean and DASH Diet Patterns and the Risk of Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Arayici Mehmet Emin , Kilic Mustafa Eray , Yilmaz Mehmet Birhan
Published: January 2025

Background. The relationship between heart failure (HF) and Mediterranean and DASH diets is not well delineated. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of high adherence to Mediterranean and DASH diets compared to low adherence in reducing the risk of incident HF (primary prevention of HF) and reducing all-cause mortality in patients with HF (secondary prevention of HF). Methods. The reporting stages of this meta-analysis closely adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was undertaken for published papers in PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, ICTRP, and the NIH clinical trials databases. Results. A total of 16 reports from 14 studies were included in this paper. A significant inverse association was identified between high adherence to the Mediterranean diet model (compared to low adherence) and the risk of incident HF (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.63–0.93, p = 0.007) among patients without previous diagnosis of HF. Similarly, there was a significant and inverse relationship between high adherence to the DASH diet (compared to low adherence) and the risk of incident HF (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70–0.98, p = 0.03) among patients without previous diagnosis of HF. High adherence to the Mediterranean diet model (compared to low adherence) was associated with lower all-cause mortality (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.78–0.99, p = 0.03) among patients with HF. Conclusions. This paper demonstrated that high adherence to Mediterranean and DASH diets significantly reduced the risk of incident HF among individuals without a previous diagnosis of HF, whereas only high adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with lower all-cause mortality among patients with HF.
Control of Silver Micro-Flakes Sintering and Connection Properties of Epoxy-Based Conductive Adhesives by the Effectiveness of Binder Chemistry
Authors: Fukushima Takanori , Inoue Masahiro
Published: January 2025

Bonding materials with high thermal and electrical conductivity and reliable resistance to thermal stress are required. The authors have been conducting fundamental research on sintering-type bonding, in which metal micro-fillers are low-temperature sintered in the resin-bonded type electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs), as a new bonding technology, with the aim of easing thermal stress through the resin binder. This study investigated the influence of the kind of additive diluent in epoxy-based ECAs containing silver (Ag) micro-flakes on the microstructure development in the adhesives and the connection properties to metal electrodes. As a result, the sintering of Ag micro-flakes was observed to proceed in the adhesive once cured at 150 °C and by post-annealing at 250 °C. Furthermore, the sintering behavior varied greatly depending on the kind and composition of the binder additive diluent, with corresponding changes in electrical conductivity and connection characteristics with metal electrodes. Additionally, electrode surface conditions affected the connection performance. These findings are valuable for designing sintering-type bonding using resin-bonded ECAs, optimizing interfacial interactions between binder chemicals and metals.
Evaluation of Permeability Recovery in Precast Concrete with Hybrid Capsules Using Constant-Head Permeability Test as Smart Construction Material
Authors: Oh Sung Rok , Kim Yong Jic
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the quality characteristics and healing performance of precast concrete incorporating self-healing technology, with the aim of supporting smart city implementation. To enhance the self-healing capabilities of concrete, hybrid self-healing capsules, combining solid capsules and liquid capsules, were utilized, and their applicability and practicality were assessed. The findings revealed that incorporating hybrid self-healing capsules into precast concrete resulted in a reduction in slump by up to 14% and air content by up to 9%. Furthermore, the addition of hybrid capsules led to a maximum reduction in compressive strength of 16% and flexural strength of 18% at 28 days, while demonstrating an increase in healing efficiency as the capsule content increased. The results also indicated that the use of hybrid capsules enhanced the healing efficiency by approximately 16%, 25%, and 32% for mixing ratios of 1%, 3%, and 5%, respectively, with the overall healing efficiency ranging between 75% and 90%. Additionally, the interaction between the hybrid capsules and natural healing mechanisms promoted crystal formation around cracks, thereby significantly improving the long-term durability of the concrete.
Effects of Thickness of the Corn Seed Coat on the Strength of Processed Biological Materials
Authors: Gierz Łukasz , Kruszelnicka Weronika , Łykowski Wiktor , Steike Mikołaj , Wichliński Michał , Estrada Quirino , Przybył Krzysztof
Published: January 2025

The strength and energy of processed biological materials depend, among others, on their properties. Despite the numerous studies available, the relationship between the internal structure of corn grains and their mechanical properties has not yet been explained. Hence, the aim of the work is to explore the relationship between the internal composition of maize kernels and its mechanical properties by studying the impact of the maize seed coat thickness on its breakage susceptibility. To achieve the assumed goal, selected physical properties (length, width, and thickness) of corn grains were distinguished, and a static compression test was carried out on the Insight 50 kN testing machine (MTS Systems Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN, USA) with a test system for experimental verification of the compression behavior of biological materials. Furthermore, after the compression test, the thickness of the seed coat was measured using a laboratory microscope. It was found that there is a correlation between the thickness of the maize seed coat and force, deformation, and mass-specific energy at the bioyield point. The presented data constitute a foundation for the development of a mechanistic breakage model considering the variable strength properties of the seed coat and endosperm as the structural elements of kernels. Further research should be focused on the determination of the strength properties under dynamic conditions and revealing the relationship between the loading rate, strength properties, and internal structure for several maize varieties, which better reflect the ranges of variability in the real nature of mechanical processing.
Upcycling Calcium Carbonate as an Alternative Filler in Layered Wood Composite Technology
Authors: Dasiewicz Julia , Kowaluk Grzegorz
Published: January 2025

Abstract: Chicken eggshells are a useful waste that may be used somewhere rather than being placed in landfills. They are created in poultry hatcheries, the food sector (making pasta, cakes, and egg products), or our homes. In this project, this study aimed to investigate the possibility of producing plywood using a filler in the gluing process in the form of ground eggshells. This study includes the production of plywood with 0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 parts by weight (pbw) of eggshell filler (called E0, E1, E5, E10, and E20, respectively) and one reference variant with rye flour (10 pbw; hereafter called REF10). This research also includes investigating the produced panels’ selected physical and mechanical properties. The results show that chicken eggshells can be used to produce plywood if the right amount of filler is chosen to improve specific mechanical and physical properties. Promising properties were obtained in the determination of the modulus of elasticity under bending (MOE) for samples E5 (11,310 N mm−2) and E10 (11,394 N mm−2) and modulus of rupture (MOR) for sample E5 (130 N mm−2). The results for the internal bond (IB) show that the addition of 5 pbw of filler in the form of ground shells shows good properties with as much as 5.23 N mm−2, but still, the reference sample with the addition of filler in the form of rye flour has higher results of 6.22 N mm−2. In the test of water absorption of fillers, the absorption of calcium carbonate is 207% and is lower than that of rye flour (224%). For the swelling thickness results, the E10 sample showed the weakest results of 7.6% after 2 h and 8.9% swelling after 24 h.
The Influence of Alkali Metals on the Sintering Mineralization Process of Iron Ore
Authors: Jiang Xintai , Lu Fenglin , Ju Jiantao , Guo Wenke , Zu Jian
Published: January 2025

To investigate the influence of alkali metal compounds in different forms on the sintering mineralization process of iron ore, the basic sintering characteristics of iron ore with alkali metal contents ranging from 0 to 4% were measured using the micro-sintering method, and the influence mechanism was analyzed using thermodynamic analysis and first-principles calculations. The results showed that (1) the addition of KCl/NaCl increased the lowest assimilation temperature (LAT) and the index of liquid-phase fluidity (ILF), while that of K2CO3/Na2CO3 decreased the LAT but increased the ILF of iron ore. (2) The pores formed by the volatilization of KCl/NaCl suppressed the diffusion of Fe3+ and Ca2+, which inhibited the formation of silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminum (SFCA). The addition of K2CO3/Na2CO3 promoted the formation of a silicate liquid phase with better fluidity, intervening in the solid-phase reaction between iron ore and CaO. (3) The alkali metal compounds in different forms concentrated in silicate but showed lower levels of distribution in iron-bearing minerals in the form of a solid solution. Furthermore, the formation of an alkali metal-bearing solid solution decreased the microhardness of minerals. This decrease in microhardness and in the content of the SFCA bonding phase directly contributed to the decrease in the compressive strength of the sinter.
Fatigue Life Prediction of FRP-Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beams Based on Soft Computing Techniques
Authors: Zhang Zhimei , Wang Xiaobo
Published: January 2025

This paper establishes fatigue life prediction models using the soft computing method to address insufficient parameter consideration and limited computational accuracy in predicting the fatigue life of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) strengthened concrete beams. Five different input forms were proposed by collecting 117 sets of fatigue test data of FRP-strengthened concrete beams from the existing literature and integrating the outcomes from Pearson correlation analysis and significance testing. Using Gene Expression Programming (GEP), the effects of various input configurations on the accuracy of model predictions were examined. The model prediction results were also evaluated using five statistical indicators. The GEP model used concrete compressive strength, the steel reinforcement stress range ratio to the yield strength, and the stiffness factor as input parameters. Subsequently, using the same input parameters, the Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm Evolutionary Polynomial Regression (MOGA-EPR) method was then employed to develop a fatigue life prediction model. Sensitivity analyses of the GEP and MOGA-EPR models revealed that both could precisely capture the fundamental connections between fatigue life and multiple contributing variables. Compared to existing models, the proposed ones have higher prediction accuracy with a coefficient of determination reaching 0.8, significantly enhancing the accuracy of fatigue life predictions for FRP-strengthened concrete beams.
Research on Non-Probabilistic Reliability Partitioning Methods for Large Workspace Robots
Authors: Sun Jianping , Yang Weian , Meng Xin , Peng Jun , Tang Zhaoping
Published: January 2025

Large-scale high-end equipment robotic precision operations have large workspaces and numerous uncertainties. They have an unevenly distributed error effect on the position in space. The current conventional stereotyping method ignores the uncertainty in the robotic system; the probabilistic or fuzzy method is often due to the lack of statistical samples in the project, and it is difficult to accurately define the probabilistic or fuzzy model because the probabilistic distribution pattern or fuzzy affiliation cannot be known in advance. In this paper, we propose a non-probabilistic reliability-based robot workspace partitioning method that only needs to know the upper and lower bounds of the values of the uncertain parameters and is adapted to realize accurate calibration of robots in small-sample or information-poor scenarios. The method considers the differences in non-probabilistic reliability of robot end positions in different workspace ranges and uses KLFCM clustering combined with a genetic algorithm to perform a two-stage hierarchical partitioning optimization. The experimental results show that compared with the global compensation, the average values of the upper and lower limits of the x, y, and z direction error intervals of the partitioned compensation are reduced by 31.17%, 7.26%, 14.30%, 34.91%, 2.48%, and 35.82%, respectively, verifying that the method in this study can more accurately realize the partitioned categorization calibration and compensation of the robot, and effectively improve the reliability and spatial adaptability of parameter calibration and compensation of the robot in the full workspace domain. The reliability and spatial adaptability of the parameter calibration and compensation are effectively improved in the entire workspace domain of the robot.
Better than Trees: Applying Semilattices to Balance the Accuracy and Complexity of Machine Learning Models
Authors: Fox Stephen , Ricciardo Antonio
Published: January 2025

Balancing the accuracy and the complexity of models is a well established and ongoing challenge. Models can be misleading if they are not accurate, but models may be incomprehensible if their accuracy depends upon their being complex. In this paper, semilattices are examined as an option for balancing the accuracy and the complexity of machine learning models. This is done with a type of machine learning that is based on semilattices: algebraic machine learning. Unlike trees, semilattices can include connections between elements that are in different hierarchies. Trees are a subclass of semilattices. Hence, semilattices have higher expressive potential than trees. The explanation provided here encompasses diagrammatic semilattices, algebraic semilattices, and interrelationships between them. Machine learning based on semilattices is explained with the practical example of urban food access landscapes, comprising food deserts, food oases, and food swamps. This explanation describes how to formulate an algebraic machine learning model. Overall, it is argued that semilattices are better for balancing the accuracy and complexity of models than trees, and it is explained how algebraic semilattices can be the basis for machine learning models.
Estimating the Relative Risks of Spatial Clusters Using a Predictor–Corrector Method
Authors: Bani-Yaghoub Majid , Rekab Kamel , Pluta Julia , Tabharit Said
Published: January 2025

Spatial, temporal, and space–time scan statistics can be used for geographical surveillance, identifying temporal and spatial patterns, and detecting outliers. While statistical cluster analysis is a valuable tool for identifying patterns, optimizing resource allocation, and supporting decision-making, accurately predicting future spatial clusters remains a significant challenge. Given the known relative risks of spatial clusters over the past k time intervals, the main objective of the present study is to predict the relative risks for the subsequent interval, k+1. Building on our prior research, we propose a predictive Markov chain model with an embedded corrector component. This corrector utilizes either multiple linear regression or an exponential smoothing method, selecting the one that minimizes the relative distance between the observed and predicted values in the k-th interval. To test the proposed method, we first calculated the relative risks of statistically significant spatial clusters of COVID-19 mortality in the U.S. over seven time intervals from May 2020 to March 2023. Then, for each time interval, we selected the top 25 clusters with the highest relative risks and iteratively predicted the relative risks of clusters from intervals three to seven. The predictive accuracies ranged from moderate to high, indicating the potential applicability of this method for predictive disease analytic and future pandemic preparedness.
Evaluation of the Palatal Features in Relation to Graft Harvesting in the Saudi Population
Authors: Alaqeely Razan , Ajlan Sumaiah , Alsanqar Faisal , Alaqil Abdulmahsin , Almansour Abdulaziz , Aldosari Mohammad A.
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: The palate’s morphological characteristics are of great importance, especially in periodontology, where the palatine tissue represents a source of tissue graft for multiple mucogingival surgeries. This study aimed to estimate the amount of donor tissue available through the average palatal height and average location of the greater palatine artery in the Saudi population according to age and gender. Materials and Methods: Digital casts for adult Saudi patients at the age of 18–60 years old with a mean age of 37.76 ± 12.68 years were collected and analyzed using EXOCAD software. The digital casts were evaluated, and measurements of arch width at molars and canines, palatal vault height (PVH), palatal height index (PHI), and extension of the palatal rugae were registered. Finally, the amount available for soft tissue graft harvesting was calculated. Results: Overall, 109 maxillary casts for Saudi patients, 52 (47.7%) males and 57 (52.3%) females, were analyzed. The maxillary inter-molar arch width, inter-canine width, and palatal vault height significantly differed between males and females (p < 0.05). The mean PHI was 45.51% ± 8.12%, and 27.5% were classified as orthostaphyline, while 72.5% were categorized as hypsistaphyline, with no significant difference between the genders. The mean maximum graft width was 11.45 mm, and the graft width was significantly different between males and females (p < 0.005), while the mean maximum graft length was 17.78 mm, and the graft length showed no significant difference. Conclusions: The results of this study provide specific clinical guidelines for periodontal procedures by emphasizing the importance of gender-specific anatomical considerations. Data on graft dimensions and palatal measurements will enable the exact planning of soft tissue harvesting to minimize surgical risks and optimize mucogingival surgery outcomes in the Saudi population.
Gastroprotective Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Broccoli Stems on Acute Injury in Rats: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Gastric Function and Inflammatory Responses
Authors: Choi Jihye , Jang Yuseong , Paik Hyeon-Gi , Ha Melissa Hyun-Joo , Kwon Jungkee
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Acute gastric injury is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder characterized by inflammation and damage to the stomach lining. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential effects of broccoli stem extract (BSE) against acute gastritis in a rat model. Materials and Methods: The antioxidant properties of BSE were evaluated through DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity assays and total polyphenol content analysis. Acute gastric injury was induced using 150 mM HCl/60% EtOH, and male SD rats (6-weeks old, n = 6/group) were administered BSE by oral gavage at concentrations of 50, 125, and 250 mg/kg. Results: The BSE 250 mg/kg group exhibited significant relief of clinical signs compared to the negative control group. In addition, the BSE 250 mg/kg group showed significant improvements in gastric tissue, including macroscopic reductions in ulcer size and improved overall gastric morphology as assessed through gross examination, as well as microscopic improvements such as reduced inflammation and the restoration of mucosal integrity observed in histopathological analysis. BSE modulated NF-κB signaling, decreased inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and increased PGE2 levels. Pyloric ligation experiments demonstrated reduced pepsin and gastric acid secretion. Improvements in gastric emptying and gastrointestinal motility were also observed in the BSE-treated group. Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential of BSE as an effective therapeutic agent for acute gastritis in rats, offering significant improvements in gastric damage, inflammation, and motility.
Kinetics of Sphalerite Leaching by MnO2-KI Oxidation System in Sulfuric Acid
Authors: Bugarčić Mladen , Jovanović Aleksandar , Anđić Dimitrije , Jelić Ivana , Miletić Milica , Marković Branislav , Sokić Miroslav
Published: January 2025

Efficient extraction of zinc from polymetallic concentrates is crucial for the metallurgical industry. Traditional leaching techniques often rely on strong oxidizing agents, which can be wasteful and environmentally harmful. While cyclic oxidation systems like the Fe3+/Fe2+ pair are known, they often fail to achieve high leaching rates, especially when the raw material contains multiple sulfide minerals. In this study, we developed a novel oxidation system using manganese dioxide (MnO2) as the primary oxidizing agent and potassium iodide (KI) as a supporting material to create an I2/I− oxidation cycle in a sulfuric acid medium, at an atmospheric pressure between 40 °C and 80 °C. Leaching experiments were conducted under varying temperatures and KI doses. The results demonstrated that for the MnO2-KI system, a zinc leaching degree of 89.78% was achieved after 3 h of leaching at 80 °C, and kinetic studies indicated that the leaching process is diffusion-controlled (through the thin film), with an activation energy of 27.65 kJ mol−1. Moreover, this system offers an improved method for separating iodine from the leachate upon completion, enhancing the overall process efficiency. It also opens opportunities to test other primary oxidizing agents in combination with iodide salts. These findings suggest that the MnO2-KI oxidation system offers a promising approach for improving zinc recovery from sphalerite concentrates.
Temperament Upregulates Mitochondrial Enzymes and Negatively Affects Myofibrillar Fragmentation in Beef of Excitable Bos taurus indicus Cattle
Authors: Ramos Patricia Maloso , Delgado Eduardo Francisquine , da Silva Ana Cláudia , Cônsolo Nara Regina Brandão , Herreira Vinicius Laerte Silva , de Campos Valim João Marcos Bovetto , Ocampos Fernanda Maria Marins , Colnago Luiz Alberto , da Luz e Silva Saulo
Published: January 2025

Background: Bos taurus indicus cattle is known to be temperamental and to produce beef with greater variability in terms of quality compared to beef of Bos taurus taurus. Cattle adaptability and resilience are of great importance to sustain beef production worldwide. Objective: The study aimed to understand early post-mortem metabolites among muscles with different fiber types profile of calm and excitable Nellore, as well as its relationship with fragmentation of beef aged up to 28 d. Methods: Animals were evaluated based on chute score and exit velocity to calculate a temperament index, which was used to classify them as calm or excitable. At slaughter, the pH and temperature declines of Triceps brachii (TB) and Longissimus lumborum (LL) were measured, muscles were sampled, and aged up to 28 d. Metabolites were determined, and sarcomere length and myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI) were quantified. Metabolomics data were analyzed using a multivariate approach, while other traits were investigated through ANOVA. Results: The pH decline was affected by all three fixed effects investigated (temperament × muscle × time post-mortem: p = 0.016), while temperature decline was affected by muscle × time (p < 0.001). Metabolites differed among muscles and cattle temperament, with excitable cattle showing greater taurine abundance in LL, as well as greater creatine in TB 1 h post-mortem, based on the volcano plot. Sarcomere length and MFI results revealed faster and limited tenderization in excitable cattle beef. Conclusions: Altogether, results emphasized the upregulation of mitochondrial enzymes and reduced tenderization as determinants of inferior beef quality after prolonged aging in excitable cattle.
Comparison of In Vitro Biotransformation of Olive Polyphenols Between Healthy Young and Elderly
Authors: Lauwers Stef , Weyns Anne-Sophie , Breynaert Annelies , Van Rillaer Tim , Van Huynegem Valerie , Fransen Erik , Bittremieux Wout , Lebeer Sarah , Tuenter Emmy , Hermans Nina
Published: January 2025

Background: Olive leaves are a rich source of polyphenols, predominantly secoiridoids, flavonoids, and simple phenols, which exhibit various biological properties. Extracts prepared from olive leaves are associated with hypoglycemic, hypotensive, diuretic, and antiseptic properties. Upon ingestion, a substantial fraction of these polyphenols reaches the colon where they undergo extensive metabolism by the gut microbiota. Host characteristics, like age, can influence the composition of the gut microbiome, potentially affecting the biotransformation of these compounds. Therefore, it can be hypothesised that differences in the gut microbiome between young and elderly individuals may impact the biotransformation rate and the type and amount of metabolites formed. Methods: An in vitro biotransformation model was used to mimic the conditions in the stomach, small intestine and colon of two age groups of healthy participants (20–30 years old, ≥65 years old), using oleuropein as a single compound and an olive leaf extract as test compounds. The bacterial composition and metabolite content were investigated. Results: The study revealed that, while the same metabolites were formed in both age groups, in the young age group, less metabolite formation was observed, likely due to a reduced viable cell count. Most biotransformation reactions took place within the first 24 h of colon incubation, and mainly, deglycosylation, hydrolysis, flavonoid ring cleavage, and demethylation reactions were observed. A bacterial composition analysis showed a steep drop in α-diversity after 24 h of colon incubation, likely due to favourable experimental conditions for certain bacterial species. Conclusions: Both age groups produced the same metabolites, suggesting that the potential for polyphenols to exert their health-promoting benefits persists in healthy older individuals.
A Novel Active Polyphase Filter Employing Frequency-Dependent Image Rejection Enhancement Technique
Authors: Yin Yue , Qi Haobo , Lu Haodong , Feng Ziting , He Jiayu , Zhang Xinbing , Li Lei , Qi Xiaofei , Feng Xiyuan
Published: January 2025

In low intermediate frequency (low-IF) receivers, image interference rejection is one of the core tasks to be accomplished. Conventional active polyphase filters (APPFs) are unable to have a sufficient image rejection ratio (IRR) at high operating frequencies due to the degradation of the IRR by the amplitude and phase imbalances produced by the secondary pole. The proposed solution to the above problem is a frequency-dependent image rejection enhancement technique based on secondary pole compensation. By adjusting the dominant pole frequency of the high-pass filter (HPF) appropriately, the proposed technique can theoretically completely reject the image interference signal even in the presence of the secondary pole. The proposed APPF is simulated and fabricated in a 180-nm CMOS process. The simulation results show that the proposed technique can improve the IRR of the APPF by more than 30 dB at the operating frequency of hundreds of MHz. The measured IRR is better than −31 dB at the frequency from 95 to 105 MHz. Unlike conventional schemes, the proposed design is from the perspective of frequency correlation, which makes the operating frequency no longer limited by the secondary pole frequency. In addition, the proposed design also has an excellent IRR for quadrature input signals with phase imbalance.
Ingested Polystyrene Micro-Nanoplastics Increase the Absorption of Co-Ingested Arsenic and Boscalid in an In Vitro Triculture Small Intestinal Epithelium Model
Authors: Kharaghani Davood , DeLoid Glen M. , Bui Trung Huu , Zuverza-Mena Nubia , Tamez Carlos , Musante Craig , White Jason C. , Demokritou Philip
Published: January 2025

Micro-nano plastics (MNPs) are emerging environmental and food contaminants that are raising serious health concerns. Due to the polycontamination of the food web with environmental pollutants (EPs), and now MNPs, the co-ingestion of EPs and MNPs is likely to occur, and the potential synergistic effects of such co-ingestions are completely unstudied. In this study, we therefore sought to determine the effects of the two model EPs, arsenic and boscalid, on the uptake and toxicity of two model MNPs, 25 and 1000 nm polystyrene (PS-25 and PS-1000), and vice versa, employing a triculture small intestinal epithelium model combined with simulated digestion. In 24 h triculture exposures, neither MNPs, EPs, nor MNPs + EPs caused significant toxicity. The presence of PS-25 significantly increased arsenic uptake (from 0.0 to 5.8%, p < 0.001) and translocation (from 5.2 to 9.8%, p < 0.05) but had no effect on boscalid uptake or translocation, whereas PS-1000 had no effect on the uptake or translocation of either EP. The uptake of both PS MNPs was also increased by EPs, rising from 10.6 to 19.5% (p < 0.01) for PS-25 and from 4.8 to 8.5% (p < 0.01) for PS-1000. These findings highlight the need for further studies to assess MNP-EP interactions and possible synergistic adverse health impacts.
The Study of Gold Mineralization at the Polymetallic Dapingzhang VMS-Type Copper–Gold Deposit, Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Ru Shanshan , Li Guo , Xue Chuandong , Li Feng , Zou Shunhong , Wang Wei , Zhou Honglin
Published: January 2025

The Dapingzhang Cu-polymetallic deposit in Yunnan is a volcanic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit, located on the western edge of the Lanping–Simao block. Recently, gold-rich polymetallic orebodies with significant economic value have been discovered. However, the occurrence and enrichment mechanisms of the gold remain unclear. This study investigates the massive sulfide orebodies (V1) through detailed geological surveys. Techniques such as optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) were used to clarify the occurrence of gold, and to reveal the enrichment mechanisms. The genesis of the orebodies consists of three stages: (I) pyrite–quartz, (II) pyrite–chalcopyrite–sphalerite–galena–quartz, and (III) pyrite–chalcopyrite–sphalerite–galena–quartz–calcite. Gold precipitated during each of these mineralization stages, and it may be described as multiphase mineralization. Gold predominantly exists as invisible gold (≤0.1 μm), with minor visible gold as native gold and independent minerals (küstelite, electrum, calaverite). Invisible gold mainly occurs as gold microinclusions (Au+) in pyrite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite. Combined with the previous research, comprehensive analysis determined that deep-circulating seawater, driven by a magmatic hydrothermal system, leaches and dissolves mineralizing materials from underlying volcanic rocks. The mineralizing fluid, mixed with magmatic fluid, migrates upward through volcanic conduits or is expelled to the seafloor. Changes in physicochemical conditions lead to the co-precipitation of gold and sulfides, forming a mineralization structure with lower channel facies and upper eruptive facies.