bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability of the Early Summer Temperature in the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau in Recent Centuries and the Linkage to the Indian Ocean Basin Mode
Authors: Li Jinjian , Jin Liya , Zheng Zeyu , Qin Ningsheng
Published: April 2022

Although many temperature time-series reconstructions, constructed on the basis of tree-ring widths, with lengths of centuries to millennia have been published for many parts of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (SETP), field reconstruction has been unaddressed to date. Here, we present a tree-ring network comprising 53 chronologies (one δ13C chronology, one regional maximum latewood density chronology, and 51 width chronologies). Using the modified point-by-point reconstruction method, a temperature field consisting of data from 28 meteorological stations in the SETP over the past 200–500 y (the common period was from 1730 to 1998; the longest single period was from 1480 to 2002) was reconstructed. Principal component analysis and rotated principal component analysis results indicated that the reconstructed temperature field may be representative of spatial distribution characteristics. The temperature changes in the SETP were similar. The correlation coefficients between the reconstructed regional average temperature and each observed series were 0.44–0.83 (86% were greater than 0.6, and all the significance tests reported a level of 0.01). Temperature changes were mainly synchronous with those in the middle and low latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. We then explored the influence of possible climatic forcing and found that the Indian Ocean Basin mode may be a principal factor controlling the interannual variations in the STEP summer temperatures.
Characteristics and Dominant Factors for Natural Fractures in Deep Shale Gas Reservoirs: A Case Study of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in Luzhou Block, Southern China
Authors: Han Lingling , Li Xizhe , Guo Wei , Ju Wei , Cui Yue , Liu Zhaoyi , Qian Chao , Shen Weijun
Published: April 2022

In southern Sichuan Basin, the main production layers are characterized by deeply buried, high stress difference, and complex structural conditions. The Luzhou area is far from large faults, and natural fractures are greatly important for shale gas storage and production. Multi-scale natural fractures control the migration, enrichment, and preservation conditions of shale gas, and facilitate the formation of complex fracture network under the action of hydraulic fracturing. In this study, based on the outcrops, drilling cores, geochemical tests, thin section, and other experiments, the development characteristics of the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale in the Luzhou block, Southern China, are statistically analyzed, and the controlling factors (e.g., tectonic factors, organic matter, mineral components, mechanical properties) are discussed in details. Fractures observed in the outcrops are mainly regional fractures with two groups of orthogonal joints. Similarly, fractures observed in the core are also mainly joints fractures perpendicular to the laminae with three typical features (high-density, high-angle, and unfilled). In detail, steeply dipping fractures (75-90°) account for 78.1% of all fractures, with 85.1% being unfilled, 78.1% having a longitudinal extension less than 4 cm, and 65.1% having a spacing less than 2 cm. In brief, there exist cross-scale similarity among outcrops, cores, and microscopic thin sections, which is critical to the shale gas preservation conditions. Based on this understanding, further research is conducted on the relationship between the fracture density and gas content, which shows that (i) when the fracture density is less than 122 number/m, TOC content and fracture density together positively dominate gas content; (ii) when fracture density exceeds 122 number/m, gas content appears negative with fracture density, and TOC content is not the critical factor anymore. The above study establishes quantitative limits for shale gas preservation in the study block. It may assist in providing references for determining the sweet spot area and further deep shale gas exploration and development in the southern Sichuan Basin.
Percepções britânicas sobre o Brexit
Authors: Szucko Angélica Saraiva
Published: April 2022

Este artigo identifica alguns dos fatores de longo, médio e curto prazo do Brexit, apresentandoos resultados de um trabalho de campo realizado em Londres em abril de 2019. Esta pesquisateve como objetivo monitorar localmente a reação da população durante o impasse doprocesso Brexit, visto que o prazo original de saída do Reino Unido era no mês anterior.A observação in loco das manifestações de rua e a análise das manchetes dos jornaisbritânicos fornecem o contexto em que o trabalho de campo foi conduzido. As entrevistasrealizadas com especialistas e políticos levam a conclusões sobre as percepções britânicasem relação ao Brexit, as quais são confrontadas com a revisão da literatura
Pengaruh layanan kotak literasi cerdas terhadap minat baca masyarakat di Pangandaran
Authors: Kiasati Almas Inti , Heriyanto Heriyanto
Published: April 2022

Introduction. The level of public interest reading in West Java, especially in Pangandaran Regency is in the low category, this is due to the lack of facilities that support public interest reading. One of the efforts of West Java local government to increase the public interest reading is by distributing Kotak Literasi Cerdas services or Kolecer to several districts and cities in West Java, including in Pangandaran Regency. This study aims to analyze the effect of library services, namely Kotak Literasi Cerdas or Kolecer on public interest reading in Pangandaran Regency.Methodology. This research is a quantitative study that shows the effect of variable X (Kolecer service) to variable Y (public interest reading). The population in this study amounted to 500 people, with a sample of 50 respondents. The data was collected by distributing questionnaires and observation. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique used descriptive statistical analysis and intervention statistical analysis, namely correlational analysis and simple linear regression. Results and discussion. This study indicates that there is a moderate positive effect between Kolecer services and public interest reading, which is 25.2%. In addition, several facilities from Kotak Literasi Cerdas service get an average mean value of 4.28.Conclusion. Reading interest influenced by the accessibility to books and other reading maerials. One of the public services offered is Kotak Literasi Cerdas which has proven to help communities build their reading interest.
Analisis sitasi publikasi tentang repositori bidang studi perpustakaan pada Web of Science selama pandemi
Authors: Wardhana Akhmad Kusuma , Ratnasari Ririn Tri
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Library repositories are indispensable for academics during a pandemic. This study aims to analyze citation trends during a pandemic.Methodology. This study uses bibliometric methods to analyze metadata of publications on the Web of Science page. The samples collected were around 481 in the range of 2020-2022. Data were analyzed using Biblioshiny in R Studio.Results and discussion. The results found that the most citation trends were in journals with a medical scope. The journals with the most manuscripts are journals with a library scope. Meanwhile, the keywords with the most citations relate to the research methodology. Meanwhile, the number of citations during the pandemic is actually high, and even in journals with a medical scope, it can reach thousands every year.Conclusion. The citations related to repository publications in libraries are not only focused on journals with a library scope, but also focused on journals with non-libraries.
Estudio por espectroscopía Raman del efecto del tiempo de anodización en nanovarillas de hidróxido de cobre
Authors: Díaz Solís Mario Alberto , Hernández Torres Julián , Zamora Peredo Luis
Published: April 2022

Actualmente, los nanomateriales son de gran interés para la ciencia y la tecnología, debido a que sus propiedades físicas, químicas y mecánicas pueden ajustarse de acuerdo con su dimensionalidad, lo que se ve reflejado en la mejora de su rendimiento si se compara con los materiales en bulto o de mayor escala. Otra ventaja de los nanomateriales es que pueden adoptar diversas morfologías, dependiendo del método de fabricación utilizado. Hoy en día existen diferentes técnicas de fabricación de nanomateriales. En este trabajo se utilizó la técnica de anodización para obtener nanovarillas de CuOH, debido a que, comparado con otras técnicas, la anodización no requiere de equipos costosos o sistemas de alta complejidad. Para la obtención de nanovarillas de CuOH se construyó una celda electrolítica formada por láminas de cobre al 99.9 % de pureza, calibre de 0.3 mm y un área de 3 cm2 como ánodo; se empleó además una barra cilíndrica de grafito de 6 mm de diámetro como cátodo y una solución de hidróxido de potasio (KOH) con una concentración 3 M como electrolito. Se fabricó un total de 21 muestras utilizando tiempos de 2 a 8 minutos. Un par de muestras representativas se estudiaron por microscopia electrónica de barrido (MEB) para identificar la morfología presente en las láminas anodizadas y 7 muestras se estudiaron por espectroscopía Raman. Por MEB se corroboró la presencia de nanovarillas; se identificó que el largo y el espesor de las nanoestructuras es de aproximadamente 10 µm y 200 nm respectivamente. Además, se logró apreciar que las nanovarillas están compuestas de nanohilos que tienen un espesor de 50 nm aproximadamente. Por microscopia Raman se determinó que las nanovarillas están compuestas de CuOH y se encontró una tendencia clara en el incremento de la intensidad de las señales Raman asociadas al CuOH, conforme incrementa el tiempo de anodización.
Cambio estructural y desindustrialización en la frontera norte de México
Authors: Martínez Sidón Gilberto , Barajas Ramos Alejandrina , Corrales Salvador
Published: April 2022

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la industria manufacturera de la frontera norte de México para identificar las tendencias de su desarrollo en el periodo de 1999 a 2019. Se plantea la hipótesis de que su desempeño ha sido de alta especialización, lo que hace difícil la presencia de desindustrialización como patrón de cambio estructural. Para alcanzar el objetivo y contrastar la hipótesis se calcularon un índice de cambio estructural, un coeficiente de especialización, y un modelo con datos panel para analizar los determinantes del coeficiente de especialización. Los resultados sugieren que no existe un proceso de desindustrialización en la frontera norte, por la alta especialización en la manufactura, que se explica por variables que favorecen a la manufactura como el pib de Estados Unidos, el tipo de cambio real, la inversión y la población ocupada.
Clinical Profile and Risk Factors of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in Al-
Ain, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Jain Manish , Kurian Dhanya , Lal Sarath , Biswas Jyotirmay , Pathak Komal
Published: April 2022

Background:

Based on the adverse event reporting system, the authors observed unique occupational and pharmacological trends in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC); despite being a common condition in the region, there are no large epidemiological studies.

Objective:

To describe the clinical profile, risk factors and co-medications of CSC in a multispecialty hospital in UAE.

Methods:

Hospital based retrospective, observational study in which all the confirmed cases of CSC (272) seen between 2010 and 2019 were included. Supplementary data was collected on follow up visits or through telephonic calls.

Results:

The male: female ratio was 17:1; low socio-economic status was (155; 73.45%), and occupations such as drivers (61; 28.9%) and outdoor laborers (59; 27.96%) were the most commonly affected. The majority (78.05%; 185) were single expatriates. Financial worries (105; 50.72%) constituted the leading cause of stress. The usage of corticosteroids (83; 30.51%), nasal decongestants (14.70%) or both (17; 6.25%) within one year was common; mostly (82; 30.14%) for rhinitis/respiratory states, though grossly under-recognized. Muscle relaxants and psychotropic medications were the other major medications used by 24 (8.82%) and 25 (9.19%) cases prior to CSC. Seven of 15 women had at least one condition that alters the endocrinal milieu: Pregnancy (3), recent child birth (1), erratic oral contraceptive intake (1), menopause with liver dysfunction (1), hormone replacement therapy for menopause and endometriosis (1), ovarian cyst and infertility (1) hypothyroidism (3), and Cushing syndrome (1). Chronic/ recurrent forms were seen in 31.08%. There were too few glaucoma patients despite both CSC and glaucoma being common among our patients.

Conclusions:

CSC in Al-Ain predominantly affected males with a specific occupational predisposition. Emotional distress, financial worries, allergic disorders, and endocrinal disorders (among females) were common. Adverse drug events were under-reported compared to the usage of steroid or decongestant users. Suspected pharmacological associations included drugs that modulated the vasomotor tone.
NEAT1: A Novel Long Non-coding RNA Involved in Mediating Type 2 Diabetes and
its Various Complications
Authors: Jia Dengke , He Yaping , Wang Yaqi , Xue Mengzhen , Zhu Leiqi , Xia Fangqi , Li Yuanyang , Gao Yan , Li Luoying , Chen Silong , Xu Guangfu , Yuan Chengfu
Published: April 2022

Background:

Nuclear‐enriched abundant transcript 1 (abbreviated as NEAT1) is a long-chain noncoding
RNA involved in various physiological and pathological processes. This study aimed to clarify the
effect and molecule system of NEAT1 within non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as well as type 2 diabetes
(T2DM).

Method:

In this review, current studies concerning mechanisms of NEAT1l, in the development of type 2 diabetes
and its complications have been summarized and analyzed. Also, we searched the papers based on
NEAT1 related to NAFLD. The related studies were obtained through a systematic search of Pubmed.

Results:

NEAT1 displays a close correlation with how T2DM occurs and develops, and it was confirmed to be
significantly up-regulated in T2DM and its various complications (e.g., diabetics nephropathy, diabetics cardiomyopathy,
diabetics retinopathy as well as diabetic neuropathy). Besides, NEAT1 is capable of impacting the
occurrence, development and prognosis of NAFLD and T2DM.

Conclusion:

LncRNA NEAT1 is likely to act as a novel therapeutic target for T2DM and its complications.
Moreover, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is also correlated with NEAT1.
Repositioning Therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2: Virtual Screening of Plant-based
Anti-HIV Compounds as Possible Inhibitors against COVID-19 Viral RdRp
Authors: Murali Mahadevamurthy , Gowtham Hittanahallikoppal Gajendramurthy , Ansari Mohammad Azam , Alomary Mohammad N. , Alghamdi Saad , Almehmadi Mazen , Singh Sudarshana Brijesh , Shilpa Natarajamurthy , Aiyaz Mohammed , Kalegowda Nataraj , Ledesma Ana E. , Amruthesh Kestur Nagaraj
Published: April 2022

Background:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic with a high mortality rate and infecting people worldwide. The COVID-19 vaccines that are currently in development or already approved are expected to provide at least some protection against the emerging variants of the virus but the mutations may reduce the efficacy of the existing vaccines. Purified phytochemicals from medicinal plants provide a helpful framework for discovering new therapeutic leads as they have long been employed in traditional medicine to treat many disorders.

Objective:

The objectives of the study are to exploit the anti-HIV bioactive compounds against SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) through molecular docking studies and perform the Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity (ADMET) properties of potential compounds.

Methods:

Molecular docking was performed to study the interaction of ligands with the target sites of RdRp protein (PDB: 6M71) using AutoDock Vina. The ADMET properties of potential compounds were predicted using the pkCSM platform.

Results:

A total of 151 phytochemicals derived from the medicinal plants with recognized antiviral activity and 18 anti-HIV drugs were virtually screened against COVID-19 viral RdRp to identify putative inhibitors that facilitate the development of potential anti-COVID-19 drug candidates. The computational studies identified 34 compounds and three drugs inhibiting viral RdRp with binding energies ranging from -10.2 to -8.5 kcal/ mol. Among these, five compounds, namely Michellamine B, Quercetin 3-O-(2'',6''-digalloyl)-beta-D-galactopyranoside, Corilagin, Hypericin, and 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose residues bound efficiently with the binding site of RdRp. Besides, Lopinavir, Maraviroc, and Remdesivir drugs also inhibited SARS-CoV-2 polymerase. In addition, the ADMET properties of top potential compounds were also predicted in comparison to the drugs.

Conclusion:

The present study suggested that these potential drug candidates can be further subjected to in vitro and in vivo studies that may help develop effective anti-COVID-19 drugs.
Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. (ex D. Don): A Review on its Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Nutritional Potential
Authors: Dhiman Neerupma , Ahmad Gazanfar , Khan Sameer Ullah , Mir Sameer Ahmad , Iqbal Mir Javid , Pottoo Faheem Hyder , Malik Fayaz , Ali Asif
Published: April 2022

Myrica esculenta is an important ethnomedicinal plant used in the traditional system of medicine and as an important nutraceutical. Several studies on the plant justify its use in alternative systems of medicine and establish a scientific rationale for its possible therapeutic application. The plant contains a range of biologically active classes of compounds, particularly diarylheptanoids, flavonoids, terpenes, tannins, and glycosides. The nutraceutical potential of the plant can be particularly attributed to its fruit, and several studies have demonstrated the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, fiber content, and minerals like sodium, potassium, calcium, manganese, iron, copper, and zinc, in it. The current review aims to provide complete insight into the phytochemistry, pharmacological potential, and nutritional potential of the plant, which would not only serve as a comprehensive source of information but also will highlight the scope of isolation and evaluation of these molecules for various disease conditions.
The Role of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 in Lung Diseases
Authors: Dong Xiaoxiao , Mao Yimin , Gao Pengfei
Published: April 2022

:

Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is a multifunctional secretory protein
that belongs to the transforming growth factor β superfamily. BMPs transduce their
signaling to the cytoplasm by binding to membrane receptors of the serine/threonine
kinase family, including BMP type I and type II receptors. BMP4 participates in various
biological processes, such as embryonic development, epithelial-mesenchymal
transition, and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. The interaction between BMP4 and
the corresponding endogenous antagonists plays a key role in the precise regulation of
BMP4 signaling. In this paper, we review the pathogenesis of BMP4-related lung
diseases and the foundation on which BMP4 endogenous antagonists have been
developed as potential targets.
Microhomology-Mediated Break-Induced Replication: A Possible
Molecular Mechanism of the Formation of a Large CNV in FBN1
Gene in a Patient with Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Buki Gergely , Hadzsiev Kinga , Bene Judit
Published: April 2022

Background:

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant multisystem
disorder caused by mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene (FBN1). A small portion of them is
copy number variations (CNVs), which can occur through recombination-based,
replication-based mechanisms or retrotransposition. Not many have been characterized
precisely in MFS.

Methods:

A female patient with suspected Marfan syndrome was referred for genetic
testing at our institute. After systematic sequencing of FBN1, TGFBR1, and TGFBR2
genes, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification was applied. Long-range PCR,
subsequent Sanger sequencing with designed primers, and preliminary in silico analysis
were applied for the precise characterization of the breakpoints.

Results:

Primary analysis displayed a de novo large deletion affecting exons 46 and 47
in the FBN1 gene, which resulted in the loss of the 31st and 32nd calcium-binding EGFlike
domains. Further examination of the breakpoints showed a 4916 nucleotide long
deletion localized in intronic regions. Surprisingly a ‘TG’ dinucleotide insertion was
detected at the junction. We hypothesize that the CNV formation was generated by a
rare event based on the known microhomology-mediated break-induced replication
(MMBIR).

Conclusion:

An increasing number of CNVs are associated with Mendelian diseases
and other traits. Approximately 2-7% of the cases in MFS are caused by CNVs. Up to
date, hardly any model was proposed to demonstrate the formation of these genomic
rearrangements in the FBN1 gene. Hereby, with the help of previous models and
breakpoint analysis, we presented a potential mechanism (based on MMBIR) in the
formation of this large deletion.
Resistance of Lenvatinib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Xu Qiuran , Huang Dongsheng , Guo Jinhui , Zhao Junjun
Published: April 2022

Lenvatinib is a multikinase inhibitor which mainly hinders liver cancer proliferation by inhibiting
angiogenesis. In 2018, Lenvatinib was approved for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced
hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC] in the United States, the European Union, Japan, and China.
Lenvatinib has been established as a sorafenib replacement drug with a higher objective response rate
[ORR], longer progression-free survival [PFS], and time to progression [TTP]. Lenvatinib resistance
during hepatocellular carcinoma treatment has become increasingly common in recent years. Accordingly,
it is necessary to determine factors associated with Lenvatinib resistance and explore solutions. In
this review, we sought to explore the drug resistance mechanisms of Lenvatinib in liver cancer and
methods to reduce drug resistance and summarized the recent achievements of Lenvatinib in liver cancer
treatment.
An Eight-year, Single-center Experience on Ultrasound Assisted Thrombolysis
with Moderate-dose, Slow-infusion Regimen in Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Kaymaz Cihangir , Akbal Ozgur Yasar , Keskin Berhan , Tokgoz Hacer Ceren , Hakgor Aykun , Karagoz Ali , Tanyeri Seda , Kultursay Barkın , Kulahcioglu Seyhmus , Dogan Cem , Bayram Zubeyde , Efe Süleyman Çağan , Erkılınç Atakan , Tanboga Ibrahim Halil , Akbulut Mehmet , Ozdemir Nihal , Tapson Victor , Konstantinides Stavros
Published: April 2022

Background:

There is limited data on moderate-dose with slow-infusion thrombolytic regimen
by ultrasound-asssisted-thrombolysis (USAT) in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE).

Aim:

In this study, our eight-year experience on USAT with moderate-dose, slow-infusion tissue-type
plasminogen activator (t-PA) regimen in patients with PE at intermediate-high- and high-risk was presented,
and short-, and long-term effectiveness and safety outcomes were evaluated.

Methods:

Our study is based on the retrospective evaluation of 225 patients with PE having multiple
comorbidities who underwent USAT.

Results:

High- and intermediate-high-risk were noted in 14.7% and in 85.3% of patients, respectively.
Mean t-PA dosage was 35.4±13.3 mg, and the infusion duration was 26.6±7.7 h. Measures of pulmonary
artery (PA) obstruction and right ventricle (RV) dysfunction were improved within days (p<0.0001
for all). During the hospital stay, major and minor bleeding and mortality rates were 6.2%, 12.4%, and
6.2%, respectively. Bleeding and unresolved PE accounted for 50% and 42.8% of in-hospital mortality,
respectively. Age, rate, and duration of t-PA were not associated with in-hospital major bleeding and
mortality. Oxygen saturation exceeded 90% in 91.2% of patients at discharge. During follow-up of median
962 (610-1894) days, high-risk status related to 30-day mortality, whereas age >65 years was associated
with long-term mortality.

Conclusions:

Our real-life experience with USAT with moderate-dose, slow-infusion t-PA regimen in
patients with PE at high-and intermediate-high risk demonstrated clinically relevant improvements in
PA obstructive burden and RV dysfunction. Age, rate or infusion duration of t-PA was not related to
major bleeding or mortality risk, whereas unresolved obstruction remained as a lethal issue.
Determinants and Incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease with Tenofovir-
Based Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens: A Cohort Study in HIV-Infected
Adults in South China
Authors: Liu Fang , Huang Jin-Song , Bao Jian-Feng , Wang Yi , Liu Hong , Chen Chen , Miao Liang-Bin , Li Zhao-Yi , Wang Miao-Chan
Published: April 2022

Background:

The data of the impact of tenofovir (TDF) on kidney damage in Chinese
HIV-1 infected patients are limited.

Objective:

The study aims to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of stage 3 chronic kidney disease
(CKD) and rapid kidney function decline (RKFD) among Chinese HIV-1 infected patients
starting with a TDF-based regimen.

Method:

We enrolled 797 TDF-initiated HIV-1-infected patients in a Chinese cohort. Kidney dysfunctions
were defined as stage 3 CKD (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 during follow-up) and RKFD
(eGFR decline > 10 mL/min/1.73 m2/year). A linear mixed-effects model was used to quantify the
average eGFR change per 48 weeks. A generalized estimating equation regression analysis was
conducted to determine the risk factors associated with renal dysfunction. The method of multiple
imputations was used to reduce the bias caused by missing data.

Results:

In this retrospective study, 14 (2%) patients experienced stage 3 CKD, and 272 (34%) individuals
experienced RKFD during a median of 26 (IQR, 4-78; maximum 325) weeks follow-up
period. The mean loss in eGFR per 48 weeks increased consistently over time, from -2.59
mL/min/1.73 m2 before 48 weeks to -17.61 mL/min/1.73 m2 after 288 weeks. For every 10
mL/min/1.73 m2 increase of eGFR, the risk of RKFD increased by 29% (95%CI: 18%, 40%). Each
10 years older and every 10 mL/min/1.73 m2 higher in baseline eGFR, the risk of stage 3 CKD increased
to 1.56 (95% CI: 1.00, 2.43) and decreased by 65% (95% CI: 48%, 76%), respectively.
Anemia and higher viral load were significantly associated with RKFD. The results were robust
across a range of multiple imputation analyses.

Conclusions:

TDF-associated CKD is rare in HIV-1 infected Chinese adults. Longer TDF-exposed
patients are more likely to have renal dysfunction, especially those with older age, anemia, lower
baseline eGFR, and higher viral load.
Analysis of Membrane Proteins of Streptomycin-Resistant Mycobacterium
tuberculosis Isolates
Authors: Bisht Deepa , Singh Rananjay , Sharma Devesh , Sharma Divakar , Gupta Mahendra Kumar
Published: April 2022

Background:

Drug-resistant tuberculosis remains a health security threat and resistance
to second-line drugs limits the options for treatment. Consequently, there is an utmost need for identifying
and characterizing new biomarkers/drug targets of prime importance. Membrane proteins
have an anticipated role in biological processes and could qualify as biomarkers/drug targets. Streptomycin
(SM) is recommended as a second-line treatment regimen only when amikacin resistance
has been confirmed. As extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolates are frequently cross-resistant to
second-line injectable drugs, an untapped potential for the continued use of SM has been suggested.

Objective:

The study aimed to analyze the membrane proteins overexpressed in SM resistant isolates
of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using proteomics approaches.

Methods:

Membrane proteins were extracted employing sonication and ultracentrifugation. Twodimensional
gel electrophoresis (2DGE) of membrane proteins was performed and identification of
proteins was done by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) and bioinformatics tools.

Results:

On analyzing the two-dimensional (2D) gels, five protein spots were found overexpressed
in the membrane of SM resistant isolates. Docking analysis revealed that SM might bind to the conserved
domain of overexpressed proteins and Group-based prediction system-prokaryotic ubiquitinlike
protein (GPS-PUP) predicted potential pupylation sites within them.

Conclusion:

These proteins might be of diagnostic importance for detecting the cases early and for
exploring effective control strategies against drug-resistant tuberculosis, particularly SM.
Gastric Cancer: A Review of Risk Factors and New Insights into
Treatment
Authors: Moayyedkazemi Alireza , Azadbakht Saleh , Baharvand Parastoo , Saki Mojgan
Published: April 2022

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequent cancers in the world, which is ranked the
fourth most prevalent cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death. GC is often diagnosed at
a progressive phase when the majority of patients are ineligible for remedial therapies in this stage.
In addition, the existing systemic chemotherapy exhibits low efficiency and minimum survival benefits.
Nowadays, GC therapy is multidisciplinary and multiple option strategies are well-known; therefore,
the present study reviewed new insights into chemotherapy agents and various alternative strategies,
such as neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy, nanotherapy, and natural medicines, which are suggested
for GC treatment. Moreover, we evaluated current surgical techniques such as endoscopic and
laparoscopic resection. We also summarized current findings in pathophysiology, epidemiology, risk
factors, diagnosis, prevention, and screening approaches in GC.
Immunosuppressive Function of Intratumor Red Blood Cells: An
Immune-metabolic Perspective
Authors: Papadopoulos Charalampos
Published: April 2022

Erythrocyte could reach the tumor microenvironment after hemorrhage. Previous studies
have proved that intratumor erythrocytes promote tumor cell proliferation and growth, while inducing
an immunosuppressive state. In this viewpoint, it is propose that a metabolite-induced immunosuppressive
function of red blood cells could be triggered in the tumor microenvironment. Specifically,
the presence of erythrocytes in a microenvironment with low glucose and glutamine, high cholesterol,
lactate and lysophosphatidic acid, and inducers of erythrocyte death, could result in immunosuppression.
The Role of Ultrasound in Evaluating the Effect of Urate-lowering Drugs
in Gout Patients
Authors: El-Mallah Reem , Ibrahim Rehab Ali , El Attar Enas A.
Published: April 2022

Background:

Gout is one of the most common inflammatory arthritis, where identifica-tion of MSU crystals in synovial fluid is a widely used diagnostic measure. Ultrasonography has a great sensitivity in detecting signs of MSU deposits, such as tophi and double contour (DC), as mentioned in the latest gout criteria, allowing early clinical diagnosis and therapy.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in ultrasound of gout patients’ knee and 1st metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP1) after initiation of urate-lowering therapy (ULT) drugs in the six-month period.

Methods:

Forty-three patients, fulfilling the ACR/EULAR 2015 criteria of gout with a score of >8, were enrolled; they were in between attacks and not on ULT for the last 6 months, or SUA concen-tration (SUA) of >6.0 mg/dL. Full examination, evaluation of joints pain by visual analog scale (VAS), ultrasonography (US) for tophus and DC at the knee, and MTP1 were performed at baseline and at 3 and 6 months (M3, M6) after starting ULT.

Result:

After 6 months of treatment, patients reached the target SUA level showed higher disap-pearance of DC sign (p<0.05) and a decrease in tophus size (p<0.05). The percentage of tophus size at 6th month was 26.4% and 3% for DC sign disappearance, which was more at MTP1.

Conclusion:

Ultrasound examination in screening for gout tophi or DC sign before starting ULT and during follow-up is important and complements clinical examination.
Book Review: Applications of Ion Exchange Materials in Chemical and
Food Industries
Authors: Balla Putrakumar , Ginjupalli Srinivasa Rao , Pothu Ramyakrishna , Boddula Rajender , Perugopu Vijayanand
Published: April 2022

A Book entitled Applications of Ion Exchange Materials in published by Chemical and Food
Industries Edited by Inamuddin, Abdullah M. Asiri, and Tauseef Ahmad Rangreez, Springer, in 2019, (Print
ISBN 978-3-030-06084-8, ISBN 978-3-030-06085-5, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-06085-5)
This book provides an up-to-date, complete overview of various applications of ion exchange resins in the
chemical and food industry.
The chemistry of ion exchange resin materials towards its allied applications, including deionization,
dealkalization, dehydration, hydrogenation, esterification, reactive separation, synthesis, separation, and
purification of industrial products, were well addressed in this book, along with drawbacks and future
scope to improve for better performance on the industrial scale.
This book consists of nine chapters. Altogether, they discuss the applications of ion exchange resins in
solid acid catalysis, reaction separation, removal, and recovery of metals in chemical reactions, and preparation
of Ag-aggregated ion-exchanged silicates, specifically as it is not possible to discuss each and everything
in detail. The chapters are presented effectively by reputed experts around the world. That makes
this book an exceptionally significant and authentic source of information. It is valuable for a book to
provide updated information, review the work done to date, do proper analysis, compare the pros and
cons of comparable existing technologies, and guide the reader to research gaps and places where improvement
is required.
This book is an essential reference guide for students, researchers, engineers, professionals, and industrial
research and development specialists in chemistry, chemical and biochemical technology, food chemistry,
synthetic chemistry, and industrial chemistry.

Results:

This book consists of nine chapters. Altogether, they discuss the applications of ion exchange resins in solid acid catalysis, reaction separation, removal and recovery of metals in chemical reactions, and preparation of Ag-aggregated ion-exchanged silicates, specifically as it is not possible to discuss each and everything in detail. The chapters are presented effectively by reputed experts around the world. That makes this book an exceptionally significant and authentic source of information. It is valuable for a book to provide updated information, review the work done to date, do proper analysis, compare the pros and cons of comparable existing technologies, and guide the reader to research gaps and places where improvement is required.

Conclusion:

This book is an essential reference guide for students, researchers, engineers, professionals, and industrial research and development specialists in chemistry, chemical and biochemical technology, food chemistry, synthetic chemistry, and industrial chemistry.
Pharmacovigilance in Herbal Drugs: A Challenge
Authors: Subraya Chandrashekar Kodangala , Sanghvi Kemisha , Pai Vasudev , Nanjundaiah Aswatha Ram Holavanna Halli , Kunhikatta Vijayanarayana
Published: April 2022

There is a growing awareness of a disease at many levels, its treatment, and treatment
outcomes including side effects. Alternative therapy techniques, herbal medicines and formulations
are extensively acknowledged and practiced in India and around the world. Herbal medicine is usually
considered being safe regardless of the absence of scientific evidence to support its claims. Several
issues concerning the methods in which herbal medications are labelled, evaluated, sourced, and used
are connected to herbal medicine. Herbal therapeutics in the management and treatment of diabetes,
rheumatism, hepatic disorders and other mild to chronic diseases and disorders are widely accepted.
However, the adversities are difficult to recognize. The idea that the nature is safe and may be taken
without the prescription of a physician has resulted in widespread self-medication across the world,
sometimes with disappointing results, side effects, or unpleasant after-effects. The existing pharmacovigilance
paradigm and its accompanying tools were created in connection with synthetic medicines.
Nevertheless, adopting these approaches to keep records of herbal medications’ safety poses a
distinct challenge. This might be due to the variations in the usage of non-traditional medicines,
which can offer unique toxicological issues whether taken alone or in conjunction with other medications.
The goal of pharmacovigilance is to identify, analyse, explain, and minimize the adverse reactions
and other drug-related complications associated with herbal, traditional, and complementary
medications. Systematic pharmacovigilance is required to collect accurate data on the safety of herbal
medications to create adequate guidelines for effective and safe usage.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Orthopaedic Implant Removal: What Does the
Evidence Say?
Authors: Shafiq Nusrat , Rather Imran Ibni Gani , Pandey Avaneesh Kumar , Bhandari Ritika Kondel , Malhotra Samir , Chouhan Devinder Kumar
Published: April 2022

Orthopaedic implant removal is considered a sterile procedure, but the current literature
suggests it is associated with around a 20% Surgical Site Infection (SSI) rate. The use of antibiotic
prophylaxis is still ambiguous and contentious. Taking into consideration this issue we conducted a
meta-analysis for the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in orthopaedic implant removal surgery.

Objectives:

To determine whether or not antibiotic prophylaxis benefits orthopaedic implant removal
surgeries.

Methods:

Electronic and printed sources were searched up to February 2021 for randomised controlled
trials (RCTs) using antibiotic prophylaxis and a control group. Data from eligible studies
were pooled for the following outcomes: overall, superficial, and deep surgical site infection (SSI).
Pooled odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using Mantel Haenszel
fixed-effect model preferentially.

Results::

Two studies, including 766 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Heterogeneity
was not statistically significant between the studies. There was no significant difference in the incidence
of overall SSI in cefazolin and normal saline (NS) groups (Pooled OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.53-
1.17). In subgroup analysis, antibiotic prophylaxis showed statistically significant improvement for
deep SSI (Pooled OR 0.20; 95% CI 0.06-0.70).

Conclusion::

Overall incidence of SSI is not reduced after the administration of antibiotic prophylaxis
one hour before removal of orthopaedic implants.
Regenerative Therapy Approaches and Encountered Problems in Sensorineural
Hearing Loss
Authors: Kelleci Kübra , Golebetmaz Eda
Published: April 2022

Hearing loss is one of the most important public health matters worldwide, severely affecting
people's social, psychological, and cognitive development.
The perception of sound, movement, and balance in vertebrates depends on a special sensory organ called
the cochlea, which contains hair cells and supporting cells in the inner ear. Genetic factors, epigenetics,
the use of ototoxic drugs (some antibiotics and chemotherapeutics), noise, infections, or even aging can
cause loss of hair cells and their related primary neurons, leading to sensorineural hearing loss. Although
a sensorineural hearing loss, also known as permanent hearing loss, is treated with hearing aids and cochlear
implants, treatment methods are limited. Since even the best implant cannot exhibit the characteristics
of the original ear, the permanent sensory deficit will be permanent.
For this reason, it has become important to develop regenerative treatment methods to regenerate and
replace lost or damaged hair cells and neurons. Developments in stem cell technology have led to promising
studies in regenerating damaged/lost hair cells or neurons with endogenous or exogenous cell-based
therapies. Epigenetic mechanisms can turn hearing-related genes on and off and determine which proteins
to copy. In addition, due to gene silencing, gene replacement, and CRISPR/CAS9 technology, gene therapy
methods have accelerated, and studies have been carried out to treat dominant and recessive mutations
that cause genetic-induced hearing loss or increase hair cell regeneration.
In this paper, potential gene therapy and stem cell applications in the acquisition of cochlear function,
which causes sensorineural hearing loss, and the difficulties encountered in these applications are compiled
from a bioengineering perspective.
A Simple and Practical microRNA-based Nomogram to Predict Metastatic
HCC
Authors: Zhu Yong , Jie Yusheng , Wu Yuankai , Tang Wenting , Cao Jing , Su Zhongzhen , Zhuo Zhenjian , Gong Jiao , Chong Yutian
Published: April 2022

Background:

Despite unprecedented scientific progress that has been achieved over the
years, there is no established microRNA-based model for predicting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
metastasis. To this end, we aimed to develop a simple model based on the expression of miRNAs to
identify patients at high risk of metastatic HCC.

Methods:

HCC datasets with metastasis data were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO)
database, and samples were randomly divided into training (n=169) and validation (n=72) groups.
Based on the expression of miRNAs in the training group, we developed a predictive nomogram for
metastatic HCC. We evaluated its performance using the area under the receiver operating characteristic
curve (AUC), calibration curve, decision curve and clinical impact curve analysis.

Results:

By applying the absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (LASSO) and multivariate
logistic regression, it has been found that the expressions of miR-30c, miR-185, and miR-323 were
independent predictors of metastatic HCC. These miRNAs were used to construct a nomogram that
yielded good performance in predicting metastasis in training (AUC 0.869 [95% CI 813-0.925], sensitivity
92.7%, specificity 57.8%) and validation groups (0.821 [CI 0.720-0.923], sensitivity 94.7%, specificity
60%). The calibration curve showed a good agreement between actual and predicted outcomes.
Decision curve analysis showed a high clinical net benefit of nomogram predictions for our patients.
Moreover, higher total scores of our nomogram were associated with dead patients. In addition, functional
enrichment analysis showed that the predicted target genes of these 3 miRNAs correlated with
tumor metastasis-associated terms, such as filopodium, and identified their related hub genes.

Conclusions:

Our easy-to-use nomogram could assist in identifying HCC patients at high risk of metastasis,
which provides valuable information for clinical treatment.
WITHDRAWN: Structural Activity Relationship-based Medicinal Perceptions
of Pyrazoline Derivatives as Anti-cancer Agents: A Review
Authors: Pottoo Faheem Hyder , Joseph Alex , Akbar Saleem , Das Subham , Ahmed Bahar , Iqubal Mohammad Kashif , Iqubal Ashif
Published: April 2022

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors of the journal Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

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A Review on Autism Spectrum Disorder: Pathogenesis, Biomarkers,
Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Interventions
Authors: Majhi Sagarika , Kumar Sokindra , Singh Lubhan
Published: April 2022

Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complicated developmental disease characterized by
persistent difficulties in social interaction, speech and nonverbal communication, and restricted/
repetitive activities. Our goal is to deliver a step ahead awareness on neurodevelopment in ASD
through early behavioral screenings, genetic testing, and detection of various environmental triggers.
This would significantly reduce the tally of people with autistic characteristics. As of now, much work
is to be done in understanding and treating ASD. Firstly, awareness campaigns must be organized and
maintained so that ASD children can be identified and treated feasibly. Secondly, prenatal and prepregnancy
environmental risk awareness, including advice against consanguineous marriages, information
on optimum mother nutrition, and minimizing pollutants exposure, can be focused. Finally, the
extension of genetic screening along with early postnatal monitoring of newborn feeding, nutrition,
and eye contact will help in early therapy. People with ASD have strict dietary habits, but they are also
more prone to gastrointestinal problems, including diarrhoea, constipation, and sometimes irritable
bowel syndrome. Despite significant studies on the symptoms and possible causes of ASD, GI dysfunction
is becoming a hot issue of discussion. Dietary strategies can partially help to alleviate both GI
and behavioural issues due to the link between gut-microbiota and brain activity. Dietary treatments
may be less expensive, easier to administer and have fewer adverse effects than pharmacological interventions.
Hence, there is an increasing interest in autistic children's customized diets and supplements.
Future studies should look at whether these diets are applicable to diverse people and whether
they are practical in various circumstances (areas with fewer resources, lower socioeconomic areas,
countries with different dietary restrictions, etc.). The dietary phytochemicals, including curcumin,
resveratrol, naringenin, and sulforaphane, have a substantial role as neurotherapeutic agents. These
agents can act as an antioxidant, immunomodulator, gut microbiota modulator and Nrf2 activator to
provide benefits to ASD patients. Hence an urgent need is to create brain-targeted delivery methods
for these dietary phytochemicals and to investigate their therapeutic value in ASD.