bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GSCA: New Software and Algorithms to Analyse Diallel Mating Designs Based on Restricted Linear Model
Authors: Tong Chunfa , Liu Guangxin , Yang Liwei , Shi Jisen
Published: August 2017

Abstract The diallel mating designs have been extensively employed to gain genetic information by crop and tree breeders, but analysis of diallel data faces some challenges because the same parent acts both male and female roles. Theoretically, little attention was paid to the statistical inference and hypothesis testing for a fixed diallel linear model. In this paper we provide a uniform solution to any fixed diallel linear model with matrix expression based on the theory of restricted linear models. We derive formulae for estimating diallel parameters and their standard errors, and obtain uniform statistics for hypothesis testing of parameters, factors and differences between general combining abilities (GCA) or specific combining abilities (SCA). To put the result into practice, we have developed a Windows®software program “GSCA” for analyzing a flexible diallel linear model that could contain the GCA, SCA, reciprocal, block and environment effects as well as interaction effects such as GCA by environment. GSCA can perform analyses not only for Griffing’s four types of diallel crosses but also for more complicated diallel crosses whether the data structure is balanced or unbalanced. A real example is given to illustrate the convenience, flexibility and power of our software for diallel analysis.
Can Electrical Conductivity Predict Seed Germination of Three Pinus Species?
Authors: Takos I. , Varsamis G. , Merou T. , Alexiou C.
Published: August 2017

The potential of using the electrical conductivity method to predict seed germination of Pinus pinea, P. halepensis and P. nigra was investigated. Seed lots with low germination presented high conductivity values while those with high germination presented lower conductivity values after 48 hours of incubation. Based on linear regression analysis models with outlier remove analysis, high regression coefficients were obtained suggesting that it is possible to predict germination of the specific species through a quick electrical conductivity test.
Karyotype traits in Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal (Asteraceae), an invasive plant in Romania
Authors: Truta Elena , Vochita Gabriela , Oprea Adrian , Sirbu Culita
Published: August 2017

The description of the karyotype features and idiogram in Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal (Asteraceae), an invasive plant in Romania, are reported here for the first time. The diploid chromosome number is 2n=2x=12, in agreement with the data published for the other species of the genus. The karyomorphological data show that the complements of the studied genotypes have small chromosomes (mean chromosome length is X̅±SE=2.56±0.10 μm, and mean length of haploid complements is X̅±SE=15.33±0.69 μm, with a range of variability comprised between 12.87-17.51 μm). The karyotypes are made up of six pairs of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes, with an identical formula of the diploid complement: KF=2n=12=8m+ 2sm + 2sm-SAT. Satellites are located on the short arms of the chromosomes of pair III. The karyotypes show a relatively high level of intra-specific uniformity as well as similar symmetry patterns (R=1.29-1.53; TF%=38.78-41.57%; AsI%=54.54-57.61%; A1 = 0.24- 0.32; A2=0.08-0.16), belonging to 1A and 2A classes of symmetry. The small size of the chromosomes, the presence of only two chromosome morphometric types, and the preponderance of metacentrics confer a relatively high degree of symmetry to the karyotypes studied.
Genetic diversity and differentiation of Chilean plantations of Pinus radiata D. Don using microsatellite DNA markers
Authors: Espinoza S. , Magni C. R. , Martínez V. , Gapare W. , Cordero C.
Published: August 2017

Radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) is the most important tree species in Chilean forest economy that was introduced to the country in 1892. Despite its economical end ecological relevance, no information about its genetic diversity is today available. Forty individuals of P. radiata, representing all populations in the Chilean radiata pine breeding program were genotyped with five microsatellite loci in order to determine genetic diversity and structure of Chilean plantations. The results of genetic diversity indicated that, after its introduction and mass planting, Chilean plantations of P. radiata has retained levels of genetic diversity similar to those of the natural populations of the species (HE=0.87, A=11.4). Genetic differentiation among populations (FST=0.04) was low, which means that the genetic variation present in radiata pine in Chile is partitioned among populations, indicating they are poorly differentiated. The structure analysis indicated the genetic base of the present plantations in Chile comes only from one provenance of the native populations. The genetic information provided important implications for the future breeding programs of P. radiata in Chile.
Integration of EST-CAPS markers into genetic maps of Eucalyptus urophylla and E. tereticornis and their alignment with E. grandis genome sequence
Authors: Yu X. , Guo Y. , Zhang X. , Li F. , Weng Q. , Li M. , Gan S.
Published: August 2017

A suite of 91 expressed sequence tag (EST) derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers were developed and used for enriching the genetic maps of Eucalyptus urophylla and E. tereticornis built previously based on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The EST-CAPS markers were highly similar to original ESTs, with sequence identity ranging from 92.5% to 100.0%. In linkage analysis, 48 and 42 EST-CAPSs were integrated into the genetic maps of E. urophylla and E. tereticornis, respectively, including 13 shared by both maps, while 14 were unmapped. For E. urophylla, the final map had a total length of 1789.5 cM and a mean interval between markers of 9.7 cM, being 284.9 cM larger and 1.3 cM less than those of the prior RAPD map, respectively. For E. tereticornis, the final map had a length of 1488.1 cM and a mean interval of 10.3 cM, being 452.4 and 0.2 cM more than the prior map, respectively. All the 77 newly mapped EST-CAPSs found each at least one homologue in the E. grandis genome sequence released recently, and conserved synteny and colinearity were observed between E. grandis genome and our linkage groups. The enriched maps would provide a set of useful markers for genome analysis, comparative mapping and fine-mapping of important genes located in conserved regions for the important tree genus Eucalyptus.
Breeding status of tung tree (Vernicia sp.) in China, a multipurpose oilseed crop with industrial uses
Authors: Zhan Zhi Yong , Wang Yang Dong , Shockey J. , Chen Yi Cun , Zhou Zhi Chun , Yao Xiao Hua , Ren Hua Dong
Published: August 2017

As a developing country with the world’s largest population, China faces a serious challenge in satisfying its continuously increasing energy demands. Tung trees (Vernicia sp., especially V. fordii and V. montana), are multipurpose, perennial plants belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family. The unique chemical properties of tung seed oil make it one of the best known industrial drying oils. In this review, the breeding status of tung trees in China and some factors which limit the development of tung tree breeding will be summarised. Improvements in ecological performance and pathogen resistance, through to improved breeding methods, will help to rapidly expand the development and use of tung trees and their oil products in China. It is essential for tung tree breeding to advance in the future to keep pace with the increased demand.
Cross-Species Amplification of Microsatellite Loci for the Endangered Conifer, Taxus chinensis var. mairei (Taxaceae)
Authors: Wen Y. , Uchiyama K. , Xu G. , Ueno S. , Han W. , Xie W. , Tsumura Y.
Published: August 2017

Being an economical and endangered species, microsatellite markers of Taxus chinensis var. mairei were very limited. We have developed a set of microsatellite markers, which was benefit for future genetic analysis of this rare species. Polymorphic loci were developed from congeneric species by cross-species amplification methods, and new primers were redesigned to test for potential null alleles. 15 loci showed polymorphism. The number of alleles per locus varied from 2 to 23 tested in 48 individuals. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) values ranged form 0.000 to 0.854 and 0.082 to 0.827, respectively. Newly redesigned primer confirmed that no null allele existed in most suspected loci. These microsatellite markers will be useful for future genetic analysis and conservation of this endangered species.
An Attempt at Evaluation of the Remnant Influence On the Occurrence of Seismic Phenomena in a Room-and-Pillar Mining System with Roof Deflection
Authors: Adach-Pawelus Karolina , Butra Jan , Pawelus Daniel
Published: August 2017

Experience gained until now underground mining worldwide and in Poland indicates that remnants may have an impact on the occurrence of seismic phenomena. Remnants are stress concentration sites encompassing both the deposit and the layers of rock mass located above and below the undisturbed rock. In the case where stresses in the remnant exceed its strength, it may collapse, and under unfavourable geomechanical conditions, stress-induced rockburst may occur. Remnants may also cause breaking of strong roof layers above their edges, which results in the occurrence of high-energy shocks (Salustowicz [30], Adach [3], Adach and Butra [4]). This article presents the possibility of utilizing numerical modeling to evaluate the influence of remnant upon the occurrence of seismic phenomena. The results of numerical calculations performed for a model room-and-pillar mining system with roof deflection under the conditions of copper ore mines in the Legnica-Głogów Copper District (LGOM) are presented. Numerical calculations in a plane strain state were performed by means of Phase2 v. 8.0 software for the analyzed mining system in which remnant was left behind. The results of numerical modeling showed that sudden fracturing of roof layers above the mined out space may occur on the edge of the remnant. This may cause a shock with very high energy, and under the appropriate conditions, this may lead to the rockburst phenomenon.
Preliminary Investigations of Creep Strain of Neogene Clay from Warsaw in Drained Triaxial Tests Assisted by Computed Microtomography
Authors: Kaczmarek Łukasz Dominik , Dobak Paweł Józef , Kiełbasiński Kamil
Published: August 2017

The study concerns soil creep deformation in multistage triaxial stress tests under drained conditions. High resolution X-ray computed microtomography (XμCT) was involved in structure recognition before and after triaxial tests. Undisturbed Neogene clay samples, which are widespread in central Poland, were used in this study. XμCT was used to identify representative sample series and informed the detection and rejection of unreliable ones. Maximum deviatoric stress for in situ stress confining condition was equal 95.1 kPa. This result helped in the design of further multistage investigations. The study identified the rheological strain course, which can be broken down into three characterizations: decreasing creep strain rate, transitional constant creep velocity, and accelerating creep deformation. The study found that due to multistage creep loading, the samples were strengthened. Furthermore, there is a visibly “brittle” character of failure, which may be the consequence of the microstructure transformation as a function of time as well as collapse of voids. Due to the glacial tectonic history of the analyzed samples, the reactivation of microcracks might also serve as an explanation. The number of the various sizes of shear planes after failure is confirmed by XμCT overexposure.
Method for Assessment of Changes in the Width of Cracks in Cement Composites with Use of Computer Image Processing and Analysis
Authors: Tomczak Kamil , Jakubowski Jacek , Fiołek Przemysław
Published: August 2017

Crack width measurement is an important element of research on the progress of self-healing cement composites. Due to the nature of this research, the method of measuring the width of cracks and their changes over time must meet specific requirements. The article presents a novel method of measuring crack width based on images from a scanner with an optical resolution of 6400 dpi, subject to initial image processing in the ImageJ development environment and further processing and analysis of results. After registering a series of images of the cracks at different times using SIFT conversion (Scale-Invariant Feature Transform), a dense network of line segments is created in all images, intersecting the cracks perpendicular to the local axes. Along these line segments, brightness profiles are extracted, which are the basis for determination of crack width. The distribution and rotation of the line of intersection in a regular layout, automation of transformations, management of images and profiles of brightness, and data analysis to determine the width of cracks and their changes over time are made automatically by own code in the ImageJ and VBA environment. The article describes the method, tests on its properties, sources of measurement uncertainty. It also presents an example of application of the method in research on autogenous self-healing of concrete, specifically the ability to reduce a sample crack width and its full closure within 28 days of the self-healing process.
Text from a functional communicative perspective: a linguistic analysis of Chekhov’s humoresque “My ‘her’”
Authors: Kolyaseva Alena F.
Published: August 2017

The article presents a theoretical framework for linguistic analysis of a text – Functional Communicative Grammar (FCG). Based on the assumption that any text is generated by the communicative intentions of the speaker, this approach focuses on the speaker’s time and space perspective in relation to the depicted situation, the plurality of subjects involved and the different statuses of these subjects within an utterance. The methodology allows the analyst to reveal the author’s tactics and strategy in the creation of a text and to point out the linguistic tools that help them achieve the desired effect on the reader. To demonstrate the framework’s potential, I perform a linguistic analysis of a short humoresque by Chekhov, using specific categories developed within FCG. Analyzing the semantics of predicative and non-predicative units, I generalize over the organization of the textual time, subject perspective and registers understood as communicative types of speech, and demonstrate how Chekhov creates the effect of deceived expectation at the linguistic level.
Upward nitrate flux and downward particulate organic carbon flux under contrasting situations of stratification and turbulent mixing in an Arctic shelf sea
Authors: Wiedmann Ingrid , Tremblay Jean-Éric , Sundfjord Arild , Reigstad Marit
Published: August 2017

Increased sea ice melt alters vertical surface-mixing processes in Arctic seas. More melt water strengthens the stratification, but an absent ice cover also exposes the uppermost part of the water column to wind-induced mixing processes. We conducted a field study in the Barents Sea, an Arctic shelf sea, to examine the effects of stratification and vertical mixing processes on 1) the upward nitrate flux (into surface layers <65 m) and 2) the downward flux of particulate organic carbon (POC) to ≤200 m. In the Arctic-influenced, drift ice-covered northern Barents Sea, we found a low upward nitrate flux into the surface layers (<0.1 mmol nitrate m–2 d–1) and a moderate downward POC flux (40–200 m: 150–250 mg POC m–2 d–1) during the late phase of a peak bloom. A 1-D residence time calculation indicated that the nitrate concentration in the surface layers constantly declined. In the Atlantic-influenced, ice-free, and weakly stratified southern Barents Sea a high upward nitrate flux was found (into the surface layers ≤25 m: >5 mmol nitrate m–2 d–1) during a post bloom situation which was associated with a high downward POC flux (40–120 m: 260–600 mg POC m–2 d–1). We suggest that strong wind events during our field study induced vertical mixing processes and triggered upwards nitrate flux, while a combination of down-mixed phytoplankton and fast-sinking mesozooplankton fecal pellets enhanced the downward POC flux. The results of this study underscore the need to further investigate the role of strong, episodic wind events on the upward nitrate and downward POC fluxes in weakly stratified regions of the Arctic that may be ice-free in future.
Glucose but not KCl diminishes submembrane granule turnover in mouse beta-cells
Authors: Brüning Dennis , Reckers Kirstin , Drain Peter , Rustenbeck Ingo
Published: August 2017

KCl depolarization is widely used to mimic the depolarization during glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Consequently, the insulin secretion elicited by KCl is often regarded as the equivalent of the first phase of glucose-induced insulin secretion. Here, the effects of both stimuli were compared by measuring the secretion of perifused mouse islets, the cytosolic Ca2+concentration of single beta-cells and the mobility of submembrane insulin granules by TIRF microscopy of primary mouse beta-cells. Two cargo-directed granule labels were used namely insulin-EGFP and C-peptide-emGFP. The granule behaviour common to both was used to compare the effect of sequential stimulation with 40 mM KCl and 30 mM glucose and sequential stimulation with the same stimuli in reversed order. At the level of the cell secretory response, the sequential pulse protocol showed marked differences depending on the order of the two stimuli. KCl produced higher maximal secretion rates and diminished the response to the subsequent glucose stimulus, whereas glucose enhanced the response to the subsequent KCl stimulus. At the level of granule behaviour, a difference developed during the first stimulation phase in that the total number of granules, the short-term resident granules and the arriving granules, which are all parameters of granule turnover, were significantly smaller for glucose than for KCl. These differences at both the level of the cell secretory response and granule behaviour in the submembrane space are incompatible with identical initial response mechanisms to KCl and glucose stimulation.
Conversation with Ted Jackson, Carleton University
Authors: Jackson Edward , Khanenko-Friesen Natalia
Published: August 2017

E xchanges In the E xchanges, we present conversations with scholars and practitioners of community engagement, responses to previously published material, and other reflections on various aspects of community-engaged scholarship meant to provoke further dialogue and discussion. We invite our readers to offer in this section their own thoughts and ideas on the meanings and understandings of engaged scholarship, as practiced in local or faraway communities, diverse cultural settings, and various disciplinary contexts. We especially welcome community-based scholars’ views and opinions on their collaboration with university-based partners in particular and on engaged scholarship in general. Below, N atalia Khanenko-Friesen talks to Edward “T ed” Jackson about his work and his views on engaged scholarship in Canada. Dr. Jackson is a Senior Research Fellow of Carleton Centre for Community Innovation and Adjust Research Professor in Public Policy and Administration, International Affairs and African Studies at Carleton In the Exchanges, we present conversations with scholars and practitioners of community engagement, responses to previously published material, and other reflections on various aspects of community-engaged scholarship meant to provoke further dialogue and discussion. We invite our readers to offer in this section their own thoughts and ideas on the meanings and understandings of engaged scholarship, as practiced in local or faraway communities, diverse cultural settings, and various disciplinary contexts. We especially welcome community-based scholars’ views and opinions on their collaboration with university-based partners in particular and on engaged scholarship in general. Below, Natalia Khanenko-Friesen talks to Edward “Ted” Jackson about his work and his views on engaged scholarship in Canada. Dr. Jackson is a senior research fellow of Carleton Centre for Community Innovation and adjunct research professor in Public Policy and Administration, International Affairs and African Studies at Carleton University, Ottawa. Ted Jackson served as a the conference convenor for C2UExpo, held at the Carleton in May 2015.
Entrepreneurial Government Attitude Towards The Performance of Local Government Officials
Authors: Soegoto Agus Supandi , Kadisi Ritson Eras
Published: August 2017

Public demand for the implementation of good governance in the public sector for several years has been increasing because the performance of public services does not seem to meet public expectations. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of entrepreneurial mental attitude on the performance of the government apparatus in the district of Sitaro Islands. The analytical method used is associative and relies on multiple linear regression. The results show that both simultaneously and partially, entrepreneurial government mental attitudes including innovator, brave and creative attitudes, creating value and recognizing opportunities, communication skills, human mobility, and resource have a positive and significant impact on the performance of government officials. The results also show the attitude of innovators has the lowest variable value which means that the leaders should enhance the attitude of Mental Entrepreneurial by improving the employees’ attitude of innovators, either through leadership training, entrepreneurship, or education quality improvement, therefore the performance of the officials may be enhanced.DOI: 10.15408/etk.v16i2.4968
Starbucks’s Fair Trade in The Edge of Globalization
Authors: Rizqiyanto Saomi
Published: August 2017

Starbucks as a global company that reflect American values plays an important role in the trade of coffee industry. In February 2000, Starbucks partially adopted the Fair Trade and in early 2001 Starbucks fully adopt Fair Trade. This research seeks to examine the relationship between Starbucks as a symbol of globalization with Starbucks as a global corporation who adopt Fair Trade. This study also seeks to explain how any practical Starbucks Fair Trade as a whole and uncover the reasons behind Starbucks adopt Fair Trade. The research uses a case study method and using a primary and secondary reference sources in the form of books and journals. As a results, this study indicate that Starbucks has strong reasons that ultimately makes the company adopted the Fair Trade. The adoption of Fair Trade also known as CAFE Practices is apparently not spared from criticism of the observer of Fair Trade.DOI: 10.15408/etk.v16i2.5546
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Requiring Hospitalization
Authors: Williamson Gregory , Ahmed Bilaal , Kumar Parvathi S. , Ostrov Barbara E. , Ericson Jessica E.
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND:

Plain children often have lower immunization rates than non-Plain children. Penn State Health Children’s Hospital is a tertiary medical center with large nearby Plain (Amish and Mennonite) communities. We sought to describe the characteristics of children hospitalized with vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). We hypothesized that Amish children would have a higher risk of VPDs than non-Amish children.

METHODS:

International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes were used to identify patients <18 years diagnosed with a VPD from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2015, at Penn State Children’s Hospital. Demographic information, immunization status, and outcomes were obtained from medical records. By using the number of children in our primary service area, we calculated the risk of VPD requiring hospitalization for Amish and non-Amish children. We assessed the relationship between Plain affiliation and vaccination status by using the Pearson correlation coefficient.

RESULTS:

There were 215 children with 221 VPDs. Most occurred in non-Plain children: 179 of 221 (81%). Except for pneumococcal infections, VPD occurred mostly in unvaccinated or immunocompromised children, regardless of Plain affiliation. There were 15 Haemophilus influenzae type b and 5 tetanus infections that occurred in children with an unvaccinated or unknown vaccination status. The risk of a VPD requiring hospitalization was greater for Amish than for non-Plain children (risk ratio: 2.67 [95% confidence interval: 1.87–3.82]). There was a strong correlation between Plain affiliation and lack of vaccination (r = −0.63, P < .01).

CONCLUSIONS:

Amish children had an increased risk of a VPD requiring hospitalization than non-Plain children. With the exception of those with pneumococcal disease, most vaccinated children hospitalized with a VPD were immunocompromised.
Space-time assessing of the earthquake potential in recent years in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey
Authors: Ozturk Serkan
Published: August 2017

In this study, a statistical analysis is carried out to reveal the current earthquake potential in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. For this purpose, a space-time assessing based on the recent changes in Gutenberg-Richter b-value, seismic quiescence Z-value, cumulative moment, annual probability and recurrence time of earthquakes is achieved. Temporal variation of b-value indicates that average b-value decreased from 1.25±0.02 between 2002 and 2010 to 1.08±0.02 between 2011 and 2015. A clear quiescence in the seismic moment in recent years may be a clue foretelling the occurrence of an intense event. Annual probability of the earthquakes between 3.5 and 4.0 magnitude levels exhibits a value equal to and larger than 30. Recurrence time of the earthquakes has a value between 2.0 and 3.0 years for magnitude level of 6.0, and a value between 6.0 and 7.0 years for magnitude level of 7.0. A significant decrease in b-value and clear quiescence anomalies in Z-value at the beginning of 2015 are observed in the several same regions. These areas cover the Central Anatolia Fault Zone, Malatya and Ovacık faults, the southeastern part of the Eastern Anatolia Fault Zone, and the junction of the Eastern Anatolia and Dead Sea Fault Zones. In these anomaly regions, a decreasing trend in b-value may be an indicator of stress increases and an increasing trend in Z-value may show the quiescence areas before the next earthquake occurrences. As a remarkable fact, these areas in the Eastern Anatolia region may be interpreted as one of the most likely locations for the major earthquakes in the future.
Nuevas desigualdades de Ostrwoski
Authors: Meftah Badreddine
Published: August 2017

Se establecen algunas nuevas desigualdades de Ostrowski para asignaciones n-diferenciables que son φ-convexas
Eficiencia del Gasto Total en Salud: Análisis no paramétrico en una muestra amplia de países
Authors: Monterubbianesi Pablo Daniel , Geri Milva , Lago Fernando , Moscoso Nebel S.
Published: August 2017

Objetivo Mostrar la utilidad de una herramienta estadística no paramétrica para medir la eficiencia de 190 países en la producción de status de salud, así como conocer los determinantes de dicha eficiencia.Métodos Con datos de 2009, y utilizando la técnica de Envolvente de Datos, se estima la frontera de eficiencia, utilizando como insumo al gasto total en salud per cápita y como productos la tasa de mortalidad infantil y la esperanza de vida al nacer. Se realiza un análisis de los determinantes de la eficiencia del gasto mediante el uso de modelos Tobit.Resultados Las naciones del continente africano presentan menor eficiencia técnico-asignativa, aunque mayor eficiencia de escala. La calidad de las instituciones muestra un impacto estadísticamente significativo sobre los niveles de eficiencia técnico-asignativa y de escala. El porcentaje de financiamiento del gasto por parte de aseguradoras privadas incide sobre la eficiencia técnico-asignativa mientras que el porcentaje de urbanización lo hace sobre la eficiencia de escala.Discusión El hecho de que más del 70 % de los países presente rendimientos decrecientes del gasto en salud sugeriría que, una vez alcanzados ciertos estándares mínimos de calidad de vida, el efecto marginal de cada dólar adicional destinado a salud no es sustancial. En países pobres donde el gasto en salud presenta rendimientos crecientes, el desempeño sanitario podría mejorar significativamente con incrementos marginales del gasto. Las estructuras de financiamiento del gasto en salud podrían estar influyendo sobre la eficiencia técnico-asignativa y el grado de urbanización podría hacerlo sobre la eficiencia de escala.
FFatores associados à dor na coluna vertebral em adolescentes de escolas públicas de um município do extremo sul do Brasil
Authors: Saes Mirelle De Oliveira , Soares Maria Cristina Flores
Published: August 2017

Objetivo Investigar la prevalencia de dolor en la espalda y factores asociados, en escolares del sur de Brasil.Métodos Estudio transversal realizado entre mayo y julio de 2014, con una muestra aleatoria de 619 adolescentes,entre 10 y 17 años. La prevalencia del dolor de espalda se investigó mediante el cuestionario estandarizado NordicMusculoskeletal Questionnaire, así como las variables independientes (demográficas, biológicas, forma de transportede material escolar y el dolor durante y después de caminar). Se utilizó el modelo de regresión de Poisson para estimarlas proporciones de prevalencia bruta y ajustada y factores asociados.Resultados La prevalencia de dolor en la espalda fue 45,2 %. De estos, el 64,6 % informó de dolor en una región,27,1 % en dos y 8,3 % en tres regiones de la espalda. Cuando se evaluó por separado, hubo una mayor prevalencia enla región dorsal (26,2 %). Se asoció de forma significativa con el desenlace, el sexo femenino (OR=1,43, IC95 %: 1,19-1,74; p<0,01), las edades comprendidas entre los 14 y los 17 años (RP=1,22; IC95 %=1,03-1,45; p=0,02) y el color dela piel negro/marrón (RP=1,20; IC95 % =1,01-1,43; p=0,04).Conclusión Los resultados ponen de relieve la necesidad de una mayor atención a los adolescentes que se quejan dedolor de espalda con el fin de evitar la presencia de este tipo de trastorno crónico en la adolescencia y más tarde en lavida adulta. Por lo tanto, es necesaria la formación de los adolescentes y sus cuidadores para estimular la adopción deprácticas saludables para mantener la salud músculo-esquelética.
Costos de la rehidratación oral y nasogástrica comparadas con la rehidratación endovenosa en niños con diarrea en Colombia
Authors: Mejía Aurelio , Atehortúa Sara C , Flórez Iván D , Sierra Javier M , Mejía María E , Ramírez Carolina
Published: August 2017

Objetivo Evaluar los costos de las terapias de rehidratación oral (TRO) y de rehidratación nasogástrica (TRN) comparadas con la terapia de rehidratación endovenosa (TRE) para corregir la deshidratación por diarrea en niños.Metodología Análisis de minimización de costos desde la perspectiva del Sistema de Salud colombiano comparando TRO (seguida de TRN ante falla de la TRO), con la TRE. El horizonte temporal fue la duración de la rehidratación. La medida de efectividad se extrajo de una revisión sistemática de literatura. Para determinar costos, se construyó un caso típico y un árbol de decisiones, a partir de revisión de guías e historias clínicas, validado con expertos. Los costos unitarios se obtuvieron de bases de datos colombianas. Costos fueron calculados en pesos colombianos (COP) y dólares americanos (USD). Se realizaron análisis de sensibilidad de una y dos vías.Resultados La TRO y la TRE son similares en efectividad para prevenir hospitalización y lograr rehidratación. En el caso base, el costo de la TRO fue $91,221COP (40.5 USD) y para TRE $112,944COP (50.14USD), es decir, un ahorro de $21,723 COP (9.64 USD). En los análisis de sensibilidad por regímenes de aseguramiento y complejidad del hospital, la TRO suele ser la estrategia menos costosa.Discusión Ambas intervenciones son similares en efectividad, pero la TRO, seguida de TRN ante falla de la primera resulta menos costosa que la TRE. La TRO es recomendable como primera opción para corregir la deshidratación. Deberían continuarse esfuerzos por implementar TRO y TRN en los servicios de salud en Colombia.
Proportion of fever attributable to malaria in Colombia: Potential indicators for monitoring progress towards malaria elimination
Authors: Valero Maria Victoria
Published: August 2017

Objetivo Identificar y caracterizar indicadores de evaluación del progreso en el control de la malaria en regiones endémicas de Colombia y contrastar los hallazgos de eliminación con países de la misma región.Métodos Se realizaron cortes transversal en 2011 y 2014, en regiones endémicas para malaria de la Costa Pacífica y del Caribe de Colombia. Se obtuvo consentimiento informado y se aplicó una encuesta socio-demográfica y clínica a cada voluntario. La punción capilar se utilizó para examen microscópico y pruebas de diagnóstico rápido. La revisión narrativa y sistemática permitió comparar el estado de eliminación de malaria en Colombia y los países de la Amazonía.Resultados Un total de 548 voluntarios fueron estudiados en Córdoba y Nariño. La proporción de casos positivos de malaria fue 3 % (17/548). Las infecciones mixtas de malaria se presentaron en un 47 % (8/17). La prevalencia de fiebre, temperatura mayor o igual a 38oC, fue 2.7 % (15/548). Dos pacientes febriles fueron positivos para malaria. La prevalencia de casos asintomáticos se presentó en 88 %.Conclusión Los casos de malaria asintomática, infecciones mixtas y la automedicación constituyen un reto para los programas de control y eliminación. Estudios sobre malaria subclínica y eliminación son limitados en la región.Regiones endémicas con alta densidad poblacional y aumento en los niveles de migración incrementan la vulnerabilidad.Los casos importados afectan la reducción de la tasa reproductiva básica (Ro) por debajo de 1. El recurso financiero insuficiente afecta la sostenibilidad de las acciones de salud pública y la eliminación de malaria en las Américas.
O Conceito de Trabalho e o Trabalho do Conceito na Filosofia de Hegel: apontamentos introdutórios
Authors: Manarim Messias Silva
Published: August 2017

O trabalho é um tema muito presente na filosofia hegeliana. O mesmo é discutido em diversos dos seus textos. Centralmente aparece nas figuras do senhor e do escravo, na Fenomenologia do Espírito, em que ele retrata a luta pelo reconhecimento de uma consciência frente à outra, além de apontar que o processo de dominação do senhor está relacionado à necessidade que o mesmo tem de satisfazer os seus desejos, mas para isso se utiliza do trabalho do escravo. Ocorre que o trabalho do escravo ao realizar o desejo do senhor, acaba por dar forma ao que antes era somente ideia, desejo. Esse processo leva o escravo a um princípio de sabedoria, principia a liberdade. O trabalho permite também a interação social entre as pessoas, pois todos participam da sua produção e do gozo dos seus resultados. Ainda para Hegel, o trabalho permitirá à superação do trabalho humano pelo trabalho mecânico. E, por fim, destaca-se haver a característica fundamental de existir o trabalho do espírito, que é a ação de persecução do conceito, ou seja, o trabalho da consciência para se atingir cada conceito.
Percepção como fonte de crenças justificadas
Authors: Sartori Carlos Augusto
Published: August 2017

O fundacionismo epistêmico alega existir uma categoria de crenças, as crenças básicas, aptas a interromper com legitimidade a cadeia das justificações. No caso das crenças perceptuais, o regresso epistêmico retrocede até uma crença cuja justificação depende da própria experiência sensorial. A ideia subjacente é que as crenças enraizadas ou baseadas na percepção são justificadas e constituem conhecimento em virtude desse enraizamento ou embasamento. Seguindo Audi e Huemer, o problema que se pretende discutir é como a percepção nos fornece acesso ao mundo exterior e como a percepção fornece justificação para as crenças sobre o mundo exterior.
Performance analysis of color matching technique for teeth classification based on color histogram
Authors: Justiawan Justiawan , Sigit Riyanto , Arief Zainal , Wahjuningrum Dian A.
Published: August 2017

Objective: Color matching technique is one of the requirement in clinical dentistry. Using dental shade selection can help the dentist to determine the suitable color for the patients during fabrication of prosthesis. However the lack of dentists’ knowledge in color science due to many kinds of shade guide becomes a problem in the field of dentistry. So color matching technique by using digital images are feasible solution when suitable color features have been properly manipulated.Material and Methods: Separating the color features of digital images into RGB and HSV feature spaces are the first step of this system. Due to many features in this step, it requires some classifier algorithm according to the shade type of teeth. In this paper, we proposed color teeth classification for dental shade selection using DT, NN, and K-nearest neighbors algorithm based on color histogram feature spaces.Results: The result showed that on using the KNN algorithm it achieved 96.67% in learning process and 90% in testing process which had error level (0.183).Conclusion: It proves that our proposed system have high similarity in color matching according to the learning and testing process.
Management of Le Fort II fracture accompanied with blowout fracture of orbital base: a case report
Authors: Adiantoro Seto , Kasim Alwin , Faturrahman Faturrahman
Published: August 2017

Objective: To present a casereport of a 20 years old male with Le Fort II fracture accompanied with blowout fracture and its management.Methods: A 20 years old male patient with chief complaint of maxillary fracture and inability to chew food, also felt limitation of right eye movement and double vision was then diagnosed with Le Fort II fracture accompanied with blowout fracture of the right orbital base. The patient was rehabilitated using open reduction internal fixation of the maxilla to achieve good occlusion continue with immobilization. The orbital base fracture was rehabilitated by orbital mesh placement and release of tissue trapped inside the orbital base fracture fragments to achieve normal position and movement of the eyeball.Results: One month post-surgery follow-up showed the face was symmetrical and the enophthalmos was corrected. A good occlusion was reached.Conclusion: Proper management of Le Fort II fracture accompanied with orbital base blowout fracture can restore the function of the eye, mastication, and occlusion. Symmetrical and proportional facial esthetics are among the indicators of a successful holistic maxillofacial trauma management.
TÜRKİYE’NİN İMALAT SANAYİ ÜRÜN GRUPLARINDAKİ İHRACAT REKABET GÜCÜNÜN BELİRLENMESİ: 1996-2015 DÖNEMİ ANALİZİ
Authors: SARIÇOBAN Kazım , KÖSEKAHYAOĞLU Levent , ERKAN Birol
Published: August 2017

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin imalat sanayi ürünleri ihracatındaki küresel rekabet gücünü, Açıklanmış Karşılaştırmalı Üstünlük (RCA) yöntemini kullanarak belirleyebilmektir. Veri seti, SITC Rev.3, 3 dijit sınıflandırmadaki 157 mal grubuna ait ihracat verilerinden oluşmakta, zaman aralığı ise 1996’dan 2015’e 20 yılı kapsamaktadır. Çalışmanın analizinde, Vollrath İndeksi kullanılmış ve her bir ürün grubu için RCA katsayıları hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Türkiye, 157 imalat sanayi ürün grubu ihracatından, 57’sinde rekabet avantajına, kalan diğer 100 mal grubunda ise rekabet dezavantajına sahiptir. Türkiye’nin, rekabet avantajına sahip olduğu söz konusu 57 ürün grubundan 19’u güçlü üstünlük, 18’i orta derece üstünlük ve 20’si de zayıf üstünlük şeklindedir. Bununla birlikte, RCA katsayılarında ikinci dönem itibari ile önemli düşüşler de söz konusudur.
Ernährungsphysiologische Beurteilung kommerzieller Feucht-Alleinfuttermittel für Katzen
Authors: Rückert Cornelia , Braun Conny , Vervuert Ingrid
Published: August 2017

Ziel: Beurteilung kommerzieller Alleinfuttermittel (Feuchtfutter) für adulte Katzen in Bezug auf Zusammensetzung und Deklarationstreue sowie ernährungsphysiologische Einschätzung. Material und Methoden: 21 kommerzielle Feucht-Alleinfuttermittel für adulte Katzen wurden auf die Rohnährstoff-, Mengenelement-, Spurenelement- und Vitamingehalte sowie Gehalte an ausgewählten Aminosäuren und Taurin analysiert. Die Energiegehalte wurden kalkuliert und mit den Fütterungsempfehlungen der Hersteller verglichen. Anhand des gültigen europäischen Futtermittelrechts (basierend auf EG VO 767/2009) erfolgte eine Einschätzung der Deklarationstreue. Ergebnisse: Die empfohlenen Futtermengen wichen häufig von den kalkulierten Werten ab. Bei acht Futtermitteln waren sie zu niedrig angesetzt, vier Empfehlungen veranschlagten eine zu hohe Futtermenge. Die Kalzium- und Phosphorgehalte von 12 Futtermitteln überschritten die Versorgungsempfehlung um mehr als das Dreifache. Beim Gehalt an Spurenelementen wiesen 16 von 21 Futtermitteln erhebliche Abweichungen zu den Bedarfsempfehlungen auf. Besonders auffällig waren die Selengehalte, die im Mittel bei über 300% der Bedarfsempfehlung lagen. Die Vitamin- sowie die Arginin- und Tauringehalte deckten sich weitestgehend mit den Bedarfsempfehlungen. Die Deklarationsvorschriften wurden mit wenigen Abweichungen eingehalten. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Katzen sind mit einem kommerziellen Feucht-Alleinfuttermittel in weiten Bereichen bedarfsdeckend versorgt. Bei Abweichungen vom gewünschten Ernährungszustand kann es sinnvoll sein, die deklarierte Empfehlung zur täglichen Futtermenge kritisch zu hinterfragen. Zudem wäre es empfehlenswert, dass Futtermittelhersteller die vielfach überhöhten Phosphorgehalte reduzieren. Zum einen lässt sich ein höheres Risiko der Harnsteinbildung bei einer Phosphorüberversorgung nicht ausschließen, zum anderen dient dies einer Schonung der Nieren älterer Tiere (Disposition für eine Niereninsuffizienz). Auch die überhöhten Selengehalte sollten durch anteilmäßige Reduzierung von selenreichen Einzelkomponenten wie bestimmten Innereien in der Rezeptur gesenkt werden.
Kastration der Hündin – neue und alte Erkenntnisse zu Vor- und Nachteilen
Authors: Wehrend Axel , Reichler Iris Margaret , Arlt Sebastian
Published: August 2017

Die Beratung von Hundehaltern bezüglich der Vorteile und Nachteile sowie des optimalen Zeitpunktes der Kastration einer Hündin ist komplex und sollte sich auf verlässliche Daten aus der Wissenschaft stützen sowie individuelle Belange berücksichtigen. Bei genauerer Betrachtung der aktuellen Publikationen zu diesem Thema fällt auf, dass einige lange für robust gehaltene Informationen etwas angepasst oder aktualisiert werden müssen. Ein offensichtlicher Vorteil der elektiven Kastration ist, dass Erkrankungen der Ovarien und sexualsteroidabhängige Erkrankungen wie Metropathien nicht auftreten. Weiterhin ist ein gewisser protektiver Effekt einer frühzeitigen Kastration auf die Entstehung von Mammatumoren anzunehmen, wenngleich dafür derzeit eine schwache wissenschaftliche Evidenz besteht und der Effekt vermutlich geringer ausfällt, als in einigen älteren Publikationen angegeben wurde. Die Kastration hat jedoch auch Nachteile. Als häufigste negative Folge wird seit Jahrzehnten die Harninkontinenz beschrieben. Aussagen zur Inzidenz sowie zu weiteren Einflussfaktoren, wie Kastrationszeitpunkt in Bezug zur Pubertät, sind jedoch uneinheitlich. Aktuell werden vor allem das gehäufte Auftreten verschiedener Tumorerkrankungen, die nicht direkt mit dem Reproduktionstrakt in Verbindung stehen, sowie ein höheres Risiko für Erkrankungen des Bewegungsapparats bei kastrierten Tieren diskutiert. Weitere Einflussfaktoren wie der Ernährungszustand des Hundes, Alter und/oder Haltung wurden jedoch häufig nicht erfasst. Die Datenlage zur Auswirkung der Kastration auf den Stoffwechsel und das Immunsystem der Hündin ist derzeit ungenügend. Wünscht der Tierbesitzer eine Kastration, bedarf es in jedem Fall einer eingehenden Beratung, die individuelle, rasse- und haltungsbezogene Aspekte einschließt. Derzeit ist eine Kastration am ehesten zwischen der ersten und zweiten Läufigkeit zu empfehlen, da ein gewisser protektiver Effekt auf die Entstehung von Mammatumoren anzunehmen ist und das Risiko unerwünschter Nebenwirkungen nach heutigem Wissensstand moderat ausfällt.
The use of portfolio to support competency-based professional development of pharmacists in a Singapore tertiary hospital
Authors: Koh Sei Keng , Wong Camilla Ming Lee , Yee Mei Ling , Samarasekera Dujeepa D. , Lim Mun Moon
Published: August 2017

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Competency frameworks is implemented to support continuing professional development in an academic medical centre, with the aims of establishing and retaining a competent pharmacist workforce; and is described using Kotter's change management framework. The desire to provide a clear developmental route with defined criteria to identify and bridge competency gaps through systematic training of our pharmacists and meeting JCI requirements for documented continued competence gave impetus to the establishment of the General and Advanced Level Frameworks. To aid implementation, a series of roadshows were organized to communicate the vision to pharmacists and experts from the UK were invited to share experience and to "train-the-trainers". Clinical groups were set up to provide learning platforms for the advanced pharmacist practitioners to coach the pharmacists. Competency assessment was conducted biyearly using workplace based assessment tools. Formative feedback was provided post-assessment and learning objectives and training plan for the next assessment cycle would be discussed. The implementation of competency frameworks provides an opportunity for pharmacists to identify competency gaps and plan their training and development to achieve higher standards of practice. The portfolio and competency-based developmental frameworks enable systematic approach to evaluate and facilitate performance management.
A PROBLEMÁTICA DA ASSISTÊNCIA RELIGIOSA EM ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Araújo Célia P.
Published: August 2017

A maioria dos trabalhos publicados até o momento sobre assistência religiosa de enfermagem dizem respeito às práticas religiosas das crenças mais comuns em nosso meio. Após ligeira conceituação sobre a necessidade religiosa, a autora cita algumas bases para a assistência de enfermagem adequada neste campo, que servem de orientação tanto ao profissional como ao estudante. Estes aspectos incluem: aceitação do individuo e sua religião, ambiente favorável para praticá-la e conhecimentos dos princípios que regem as práticas. A implantação e o desenvolvimento da fé no paciente, pelo exemplo da enfermeira, também são aspectos abordados.
ESTUDO PONDERAL E BIOQUÍMICO DE ALGUNS ÓRGÃOS DE RATAS SUBMETIDAS À DESNUTRIÇÃO PROTÉICA OU CALÓRICA, APÓS O DESMAME
Authors: Mattos Leda Ulson , Salum Mana Josefina Leuba , Amaral Maria Leonor Correa Pimentel
Published: August 2017

Os autores fizeram um estudo ponderal e bioquímico do fígado, baço, rim, coração e páncreas de ratas pertencentes a três grupos, com peso médio de 48 g, e que haviam sido alimentadas com três modelos experimentais de dietas, balanceada, deficiente em proteínas ou em calorias --, até atingirem o referido peso médio. Os animais dos modelos hipoprotéico e hipocalórico ao atingirem o peso pré-estabelecido tinham 47 dias de idade e os da dieta balanceada 26 dias. Verificaram que as maiores alterações no peso e no comportamento bioquímico dos órgãos ocorreram no fígado e páncreas dos animais com dieta hipoprotéico. Os órgãos dos animais que haviam sofrido restrição calórica não apresentaram diferenças significativas em relação aos dos animais considerados normais, com exceção do baço que. embora aparentemente não tivesse sua composição alterada, perdeu peso.