Production of Interleukin-11 and Interleukin-17 in Type 2 Diabetics During Treatment with AntiHyperglycemic Drugs
Authors: Zainab Jaffer Sadiq  , Rasha Hasan Jasim  
Published: January 2025

Background:Nearly 90 to 95 % of individual who suffer from diabetes have type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Generally, the body can generate the insulin in this type of diabetes, but it is failed in secretion the proper amount of insulin. This type of diabetes previously included insulin independent diabetes, or adult-onset diabetes. It is often resistant to the action of insulin, and caused by insulin resistance in the liver and skeletal muscle, increasing glucose production in the liver, over production of free fatty acids by fat cells and relative insulin deficiency.Materials:ninety participants were included in the current study, depending on their health status, participants were classified into 70 patients with type 2 diabetes and 20 healthy control groups.Colorimetric method was applied for measuring glucose, and sandwich-ELISA method was applied to evaluate insulin, interleukin-11 and interleukin-17 in the study samples.Results:the study showed that there were significant differences (p=0.000) in the glucose levels  when comparing the three disease groups with the control group, moreover; the study showed that there were no significant differences when comparing between the sexes in one group (regardless of the health status of the group members).the study indicated that there were significant differences when comparing the HOMA-IR ratios of the three disease groups with the control group, while the statistical differences in the QUICKI ratios were limited for comparing the control group to both G1 (p=0.039) and G2 (p=0.015), respectively. The study revealed that there were statistically significant differences when comparing HOMA-IR ratio of the females in G1 with their peers in the control group (p=0.047), as well as when comparing the males of the second (p=0.046) and third groups (p=0.018) with their counterparts of the same sex in the control group. The statistical analysis of the showed the absence of significant differences when comparing the groups with diabetes with each other or with the control group, except the observed result of a significant decrease in the concentration of interleukin-11 in the third group compared to the control group. Results showed that there was no statistical significance when comparing the levels of interleukin-17 in the three disease groups with each other, as well as, when comparing them with the healthy group. Although the present study illustrated elevated interleukin-17 level (65.519 pg/mL) in the sample of 52 years old diabetic female patient in G2, but the study showed that levels of interleukin-17of the diabetic patients were closed to what was noted in the control group. Results of the present study showed that there were statistically significant differences between males and females of G1 only among the groups participating in the current work, as the levels of interleukin-17 witnessed an increase in interleukin-17 concentrations of female samples compared to males. The results also showed that there were clear significant differences between females of G1 and their counterparts in G2 (p=0.043) and G3 (p=0.002), as well as females of the healthy group (p=0.001). Moreover, it has been observed that the high levels of interleukin-17 in diabetic female patients caused by reduction in the insulin production, which means that interleukin-17 elevation is associated with a defect in β-cells, exclusively in women. the current study indicated that there were excellent positive correlations between interleukin-11 and insulin in G1 (r=0.451 at p=0.046), G2 (r=0.517 at p=0.020), and the healthy group (r=0.674 at p=0.001). With the same manner, there was a high positive correlation between interleukin-11 and HOMA-IR in both G2 (r=0.595 at p=0.006) and control individuals (r=0.645 at p=0.002). On the contrary, there was a negative correlation between interleukin-11 and QUICKI (r=-0.541 at p=0.014) in the control group only. The positive relationship between interleukin-17 and insulin (r=0.490 at p=0.028) in members of G1, as well as a negative relationship was observed between interleukin-17 and QUICKI (r=-0.379 at p=0.039) in G3. A significant positive correlation between interleukin-17 and interleukin-11 (~70%, at p=0.033)  was shown in G1 only.Conclusions: Type 2 diabetes is not linked to one sex or another or one age, but the most common age group for symptoms of the disease to appear are individuals in the fifth and sixth decades. Receiving diabetes treatments in general does not return blood sugar levels to normal limits. During insulin resistance progresses, there will be a decline in the production of anti-inflammatory proteins, including interleukin-11. Interleukin-17 is a good parameter for evaluating the T2DM patients respond to treatment in the three disease groups, regardless of the type of treatment used.