bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biostratigraphy and environment of the Holocene marine transgression in the Heligoland Channel, North Sea
Authors: Konradi Peter B.
Published: May 2021

A 51 m deep borehole in the outer Heligoland Channel, south-eastern North Sea, penetrated 17 m of marine Holocene, laminated, clayey silt and silty fine sand followed by 34 m of Pleistocene, fluvial sand. Samples from the two units were investigated for their content of foraminifers. The fluvial sand yielded only reworked foraminifers and, based on these is divided into two parts that can be related to differences in lithology. Based on the study of the foraminiferal assemblages in 20 samples, the marine unit is divided in five foraminiferal assemblage zones reflecting the marine inundation into this part of the North Sea after the last glaciation. The basal part of the unit is strongly influenced by freshwater and the lowermost part is dated to c. 11.0 cal. ka BP. The freshwater influence diminishes uphole with deposition of beds characteristic of a tidal flat environment in an estuarine setting with slowly increasing sedimentation depth. A subsequent sudden change in the fauna indicating higher salinity and a more open-marine environment is interpreted to reflect a change in the hydrographic situation. The basal part of this zone is dated to c. 8.6 cal. ka BP. A continuation of this trend is observed in the following zones with further increasing sedimentation depth. The fauna in the topmost assemblage zone indicates an environment comparable to the present conditions in this area of the North Sea.
The Quaternary arthropod fauna of Greenland: a review with new data
Authors: Bennike O. , Björck S. , Böcher J. , Walker I. R.
Published: May 2021

Arthropod fossils from Quaternary deposits in Greenland are considered. The few occurrences of Early and Middle Pleistocene age have yielded only three species of barnacles. This contrasts sharply with the last interglacial stage which is represented by many sites, from which a range of marine, lacustrine and terrestrial crustaceans and insects are reported. The only secure late glacial sediments from Greenland are found in the far south, and only a few taxa of arthropods have so far been identified from these. The best dated and richest faunas come from the Holocene. Most records of insects are from the late Holocene, but there are also a number of finds from the early and mid Holocene. Arthropods are considered good palaeoclimate indicators, because they are generally dispersed quicker, for example, than vascular plants. This group of animals is also highly useful for reconstructing former ecological conditions, because they occupy such a wide range of biotopes. A total of about 105 taxa have been reported so far, but several groups of arthropods, such as marine ostracodes, chironomids and oribatids, have received little attention, and many more taxa can be expected when these groups are being studied in the future.
How risk-prone are people when facing a sure loss? Negative interest rates as a convenient conceptual framework
Authors: Efendić Emir , Corneille Olivier , D’Hondt Catherine , De Winne Rudy
Published: May 2021

People occasionally face sure loss prospects. Do they seek risk in search of better outcomes or contend with the sure loss and focus on what is left to be saved? We addressed this question in three experiments akin to a negative interest rate framework. Specifically, we asked participants to allocate money (Experiments 1 and 2) or choose (Experiment 3) between two options: (i) a loss option where, for sure, they would end up with less, or (ii) a mixed gamble with a positive expected outcome, but also the possibility of an even larger loss. Risk aversion (i.e., choosing the sure loss) ranged from 80% to 36% across the three experiments, dependent on varied sizes of sure losses or expected outcomes. However, overall, the majority (> 50%) of allocations and choices were for the sure loss. Our findings indicate a tolerance for sure losses at the expense of mixed gambles yielding much better expected outcomes. We discuss the implications of this sure-loss tolerance for psychological research, its implications in terms of (cumulative) prospect theory, and what the results mean for the implementation of negative interest rates.
Temporal binding is enhanced in social contexts
Authors: Vogel David H. V. , Jording Mathis , Esser Carolin , Weiss Peter H. , Vogeley Kai
Published: May 2021

Temporal binding (TB) refers to an underestimation of time intervals between two events, most commonly for actions and their effects. This temporal contraction is measurable for both perceived changes in social stimuli such as faces, as well as for interactions with a partner. We investigated TB in two separate experiments to uncover the individual influences of (i) participants’ belief in an interaction with a human partner (as compared to a computer), and (ii) a face-like stimulus versus an abstract stimulus mediating the interaction. The results show that TB is more pronounced when self-initiated actions result in a personal event as opposed to a mere physical effect, being suggestive of a “social hyperbinding.” The social hyperbinding effect appeared to be driven both by the belief in interacting with another person and by a face-like stimulus. However, there seemed to be no further enhancing effect when combining the top-down processes (“beliefs”) with the bottom-up processes (“perceptions”). These findings suggest a prioritization of social information for TB regardless of whether this information is introduced by top-down (beliefs) or bottom-up information (stimuli). Our results add to existing literature demonstrating an increase in action-event monitoring for social cues.
Outcome unpredictability affects outcome-specific motivation to learn
Authors: Hartanto Genisius , Livesey Evan , Griffiths Oren , Lachnit Harald , Thorwart Anna
Published: May 2021

Outcome predictability effects in associative learning paradigms describe better learning about outcomes with a history of greater predictability in a similar but unrelated task compared with outcomes with a history of unpredictability. Inspired by the similarities between this phenomenon and the effect of uncontrollability in learned helplessness paradigms, here, we investigate whether learning about unpredictability decreases outcome-specific motivation to learn. We used a modified version of the allergy task, in which participants first observe the foods eaten by a fictitious patient, followed by allergic reactions that he subsequently suffers, some of which are perfectly predictable and others unpredictable. We then implemented an active learning method in a second task in which participants could only learn about either the previously predictable or unpredictable outcomes on each trial. At the beginning of each trial, participants had to decide whether they wanted to learn about one outcome category or the other. Participants at the beginning of the second task chose to learn about the previously predictable outcomes first and to learn about the previously unpredictable outcomes in later trials. This showed that unpredictability affects future motivation to learn in other circumstances. Interestingly, we did not find any sign of outcome predictability effect at the end of the second phase, suggesting that participants compensate for biased outcome sampling when making overt choices in ways that they may not when learning about both outcome categories simultaneously.
Estructurando el diseño de envases y embalajes para mejorar la sostenibilidad. Evidencias empíricas en el sector de menaje
Authors: García-Arca Jesús , González-Portela Garrido A. Trinidad , Prado-Prado J. Carlos , González-Romero Iria
Published: May 2021

En mercados cada vez más globales, volátiles y competitivos las empresas tienen que promover activamente acciones y políticas que mejoren la eficiencia y la sostenibilidad de sus cadenas de suministro. En este contexto, el adecuado diseño de envases y embalajes constituye un factor clave para lograr este objetivo. A finales del siglo XX empieza a conceptualizarse el enfoque “Packaging Logistics” que persigue la integración eficiente y sostenible de los sistemas de envase, embalaje, producto y cadena de suministro para lograr ventajas competitivas; dicho marco se amplía posteriormente para promover la mejora del comportamiento sostenible de empresas y cadenas de suministro con el enfoque “Sustainable Packaging Logistics” (SPL). En este contexto, en este artículo se busca validar conceptual y empíricamente hasta qué punto la aplicación de un modelo estructurado que despliegue el enfoque SPL puede contribuir de forma activa a un mejor comportamiento sostenible en la cadena de suministro. Para ello, se justifica y propone un modelo de despliegue que después se analiza en una muestra de 66 fabricantes del sector de menaje en España. Los resultados alcanzados validan mayoritariamente los aspectos del modelo propuesto.
Synthesis of 10-O-aryl-substituted berberine derivatives by Chan–Evans–Lam coupling and investigation of their DNA-binding properties
Authors: Wickhorst Peter Jonas , Blachnik Mathilda , Lagumdzija Denisa , Ihmels Heiko
Published: May 2021

Eleven novel 10-O-aryl-substituted berberrubine and berberine derivatives were synthesized by the Cu2+-catalyzed Chan–Evans–Lam coupling of berberrubine with arylboronic acids and subsequent 9-O-methylation. The reaction is likely introduced by the Cu2+-induced demethylation of berberrubine and subsequent arylation of the resulting 10-oxyanion functionality. Thus, this synthetic route represents the first successful Cu-mediated coupling reaction of berberine substrates. The DNA-binding properties of the 10-O-arylberberine derivatives with duplex and quadruplex DNA were studied by thermal DNA denaturation experiments, spectrometric titrations as well as CD and LD spectroscopy. Fluorimetric DNA melting analysis with different types of quadruplex DNA revealed a moderate stabilization of the telomeric quadruplex-forming oligonucleotide sequence G3(TTAG3)3. The derivatives showed a moderate affinity towards quadruplex DNA (Kb= 5–9 × 105M−1) and ct DNA (Kb= 3–5 × 104M−1) and exhibited a fluorescence light-up effect upon complexation to both DNA forms, with slightly higher intensity in the presence of the quadruplex DNA. Furthermore, the CD- and LD-spectroscopic studies revealed that the title compounds intercalate into ct DNA and bind to G4-DNA by terminal stacking.
Aspekte und Grundvorstellungen des Begriffs Extrempunkt im Übergang von Schule zu Hochschule
Authors: Roos Anna-Katharina
Published: May 2021

Im Folgenden werden zunächst die Konstrukte Aspekte und Grundvorstellungen vorgestellt und anschließend auf den Begriff Extrempunkt angewandt; das heißt, ausgehend von einer normativen Perspektive werden zunächst Aspekte und Grundvorstellungen von Extrempunkten charakterisiert. In einem zweiten Schritt wird auf eine deskriptive Ebene gewechselt und Vorstellungen Studierender hinsichtlich des Begriffs Extrempunkt vorgestellt, sowie Hinweise auf mögliche Ursachen dieser Vorstellungen vor dem theoretischen Hintergrund von Aspekten und Grundvorstellungen gegeben.
ANALISIS PORTOFOLIO OPTIMAL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL INDEKS TUNGGAL
Authors: Amtiran Paulina Yuritha , Kein Maria Yosefa , Ndoen Wehelmina Mariana
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan portofolio saham optimal sebagai dasar penetapan investasi pada saham perusahaan yang berada dalam perusahaan makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Periode penelitian yang digunakan adalah periode 2015-2019. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif. Populasi penelitian adalah 20  perusahaan yang berada dalam perusahaan makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2015-2019. Pemilihan sampel ditentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling dengan kriteria adalah 1). Perusahaan makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dari tahun 2015-2019,  2). Perusahaan yang menerbitkan laporan keuangan tahunan di Bursa Efek Indonesia secara berturut-turut selama tahun pengamatan dari tahun 2015-2019, 3). Perusahaan makanan dan minuman tidak memiliki krisis keuangan selama periode 2015-2019, sehingga diperoleh sampel sebanyak 8 saham. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model indeks tunggal. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 8 saham yang dijadikan sampel, terdapat 2 saham yang masuk kedalam  kandidat portofolio optimal. Kedua saham tersebut adalah perusahaan Parasida Aneka Niaga (PSDN) dan perusahaan Wilmar Cahaya Indonesia (CEKA) dengan proporsi dana masing-masing sebesar 0,9470% dan 0,0530 Kedua saham tersebut mempunyai nilai  expected return  yang akan diperoleh investor sebesar 0,0113 (1,13%) dengan risiko yang akan ditanggung oleh investor atas investasi yang dilakukan yaitu sebesar 0,1092 (10,92%).
PERAN COREPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TERHADAP HUBUNGAN ANTARA STRUKTUR KEPEMILIKAN DAN NILAI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Muttaqin Muhammad , Muhidin Muhidin
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe research aims to examine the effect of institutional ownership, managerial ownership and foreign ownership on firm value with corporate social responbility disclosure as an mediating variable. The population of this research is the textile and garment sectors companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2015 until 2019. The sampling technique using purposive sampling method with total sample 50 of 10 companies. Further this study uses data analysys through multiple linear regressions with two steps using by SPSS version 16. The result showed that ownership structure has an effect on the CSR disclosure simultaneously, other result show that ownership structure has no effect on CSR disclosure partially. The result also shows that ownership structure and CSR disclosure have affect on firm value simultaneously. Than while partially institutional ownership and  foreign ownership have negative impact on firm value. Meanwhile managerial ownership and CSR disclosure has no effect on firm value, and CSR disclosure is not an mediating of structure ownership on firm value. Keywords: Structure Ownership, Institusional Ownership, Managerial Ownership, Foreign Ownership, CSR Disclosure, Firm Value. AbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh kepemilikan institusional, kepemilikan manajerial dan kepemilikan asing terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan pengungkapan CSR sebagai variabel intervening. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan sektor tekstil dan garmen yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2015 sampai 2019. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 50 dari 10 perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan struktur kepemilikan memiliki pengaruh terhadap pengungkapan CSR, hasil penelitian lain menunjukkan secara partial struktur kepemilikan tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap pengungkapan CSR. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa struktur kepemilikan dan pengungkapan CSR secara simultan memiliki pengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan. Kemudian yang secara parsial kepemilikan institusional, dan kepemilikan asing memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap nilai perusahaan. Sementara kepemilikan manajerial dan pengungkapan CSR tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan, dan pengungkapan CSR bukan sebagai mediating dari stuktur kepemilikan terhadap nilai perusahaan. Kata Kunci: Struktur Kepemilikan, Kepemilikan Institusional, Kepemilikan Manajerial, Kepemilikan Asing, Pengungkapan CSR, Nilai Perusahaan.
PENERAPAN E-FILING, PENGETAHUAN PERPAJAKAN DAN SOSIALISASI PERPAJAKAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN SUKARELA WAJIB PAJAK
Authors: Fitria Rika , Muiz Enong
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui  penerapan e-Filing, pengetahuan perpajakan, sosialisasi perpajakan terhadap kepatuhan sukarela Wajib Pajak. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah Wajib Pajak yang memiliki NPWP dan sudah menggunakan e-Filing. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah 50 responden. Pengambilan sampel digunakan dengan metode accidental sampling. Data pada penelitian ini diperoleh secara primer melalui kuesioner yang disebar kepada Wajib Pajak dengan bantuan google form. Teknik pengolahan dan analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis akuntansi, uji kualitas data, analisis regresi linier berganda, uji asumsi klasik, uji hipotesis, dan koefisien determinasi. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan e-Filing berpengaruh positif secara parsial dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan sukarela Wajib Pajak dengan tingkat signifikansinya sebesar 0,032 0,05 dan  nilai thitung sebesar 2,215 ttabel = 2,012. Pengetahuan perpajakan berpengaruh positif secara parsial dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan sukarela Wajib Pajak dengan tingkat signifikansinya sebesar 0,046 0,005 dan nilai thitung sebesar 2,049 ttabel = 2,012. Sosialisasi perpajakan berpengaruh positif secara parsial dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan sukarela Wajib Pajak dengan tingkat signifikansinya sebesar 0,020 0,05 dan nilai thitung sebesar 2,313 ttabel = 2,012. Berdasarkan uji simultan menunjukkan bahwa penerapan e-Filing, pengetahuan perpajakan dan sosialisasi perpajakan berpengaruh positif serta signifikan terhadap variable kepatuhan sukarela Wajib Pajak dengan tingkat signifikansinya sebesar 0,000 0,05, dan nilai Fhitung sebesar 31.954 Ftabel sebesar 2,80.Kata Kunci : E-Filing, Pengetahuan Perpajakan, Sosialisasi Perpajakan, Kepatuhan Sukarela Wajib Pajak
ADMINISTRACINIO PASTATO ENERGIJOS SUVARTOJIMO IR CO2 EMISIJOS ĮVERTINIMAS BREEAM STANDARTO KONTEKSTE
Authors: Barkauskas Povilas , Motuzienė Violeta , Cholomskė Viktorija
Published: May 2021

Pastatai yra vieni iš didžiausių energijos vartotojų ir aplinkos teršėjų. Taip pat pastatuose žmonės praleidžia
didžiąją savo gyvenimo dalį. Labai svarbu užtikrinti, kad pastatai būtų komfortiški, energiškai efektyvūs ir tuo pačiu darantys minimalų poveikį aplinkai. Visapusiškam pastato tvarumo (kokybės) įvertinimui yra sukurtos įvairios metodikos.
Viena iš jų yra BREEAM tvarių pastatų vertinimo metodika. Naudojant šią metodiką galima sėkmingai ir efektyviai pritaikyti įvairius tvarius projektinius sprendimus, kurie neštų naudą tiek pastato valdytojui, tiek pastate esančiam vartotojui.
Nedaugelis statytojų linkę investuoti tiek į BREEAM sertifikatą, kuris nėra privalomas, tiek į pačias tvarumo priemones.
Viena iš to priežasčių – informacijos stoka apie papildomas investicijas ir jų sukuriamą pridėtinę vertę. Šiame straipsnyje
analizuojama, kiek reprezentatyvus administracinės paskirties ir beveik energijos nevartojantis pastatas (A++ energinio
naudingumo klasė) galėtų pasiekti kreditų už energijos suvartojimo ir CO2 emisijos mažinimo poskyrį vertinant pagal
BREEAM metodiką. Rezultatai rodo, kad projektuojant pastatą pagal dabar galiojančius statybos techninius reglamentus,
pastato charakteristikos leidžia pasiekti aukštą įvertinimą pagal BREEAM vertinimo sistemos ENE 01 poskyrį.
PASTATO FAKTINIO ENERGIJOS VARTOJIMO IR DINAMINIO ENERGINIO MODELIAVIMO REZULTATŲ VERTINIMAS
Authors: Madeikis Domas , Džiugaitė-Tumėnienė Rasa
Published: May 2021

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos realaus pastato faktinės bei energinio modeliavimo metu gautos energijos sąnaudos bei priežastys lemiančios šiuos nesutapimus. Tyrimui pasirinktas B energinės klasės administracinės paskirties pastatas, esantis Gedimino pr. 35, Vilniuje. Siekiant nustatyti pastato energijos sąnaudas modeliavimu būdu, buvo pasitelkta kompiuterinė
energijos modeliavimo programa – „IDA Indoor Climate and Energy“. Pastato dinaminis modelis sudaromas pagal gautus architektūrinius brėžinius bei pagal techninę dokumentaciją. Straipsnio pabaigoje atliekamas sertifikato, normalizuotų faktinių bei dinaminio modeliavimo duomenų palyginimas.
DAUGIABUČIO NAMO MODERNIZAVIMO ĮTAKA CENTRALIZUOTO ŠILUMOS TIEKIMO SISTEMOS TEMPERATŪRINIAM REŽIMUI
Authors: Masiulis Gintautas , Šiupšinskas Giedrius
Published: May 2021

Siekiant įvertinti energijos taupymo potencialą centralizuoto šilumos tiekimo tinkluose, energiniu požiūriu nagrinėjamas teorinis daugiabučio gyvenamojo namo modernizavimo modelis. Siekiama nustatyti, kaip galėtų pasikeisti centralizuoto šilumos tiekimo sistemos temperatūrinis režimas atlikus pastato, atitinkančio iki 1993 m. Vilniaus mieste pastatyto daugiabučio namo charakteristikas, modernizavimą. Valandiniams pastato šilumos poreikiams sugeneruoti naudojami tipiniai klimatiniai duomenys, suformuoti iš 2007-2016 metų. Nagrinėjami skirtingi G klasės pastato modernizavimo scenarijai (skirtingoms energinio naudingumo klasėms C, B ir A pasiekti). Aptariami modernizavimo scenarijai (nekeičiant šildymo prietaisų paviršių ploto) ir centralizuoto šilumos tiekimo šilumnešio temperatūros režimo galimi variantai. Rezultatai rodo, kad lyginant su esama padėtimi, atlikus teorinio pastato modernizavimą, santykiniai metiniai šilumos poreikiai sumažėja daugiau kaip 50 % taikant pirmą, 55 % antrą ir 62,5 % - trečią scenarijus. Centralizuotos šilumos tiekimo sistemos temperatūrinis režimas galėtų būti pakeistas nuo 95/70 oC iki 70/50 oC, 66/50 oC, 60/48 oC atitinkamai.
TREČIOS IR KETVIRTOS KARTOS ŠILUMOS TIEKIMO TINKLŲ ANALIZĖ GYVAVIMO CIKLO POŽIŪRIU
Authors: Šarko Vladislav , Rogoža Artur
Published: May 2021

Centralizuoto šilumos tiekimo (CŠT) tinklai yra svarbi šilumos tiekimo sistemos dalis techniniu ir organizaciniu aspektais. Modernizavus CŠT sistemas iki beveik nulinių CO2 emisijų, galima svariai prisidėti prie klimato kaitos mažinimo. Darbe analizuojamas modernizuotų daugiabučių pastatų kvartale esantis trečios kartos CŠT tinklas. Modernizuotų daugiabučių kvartalą šiluma aprūpinančioje katilinėje deginamas iškastinis kuras – gamtinės dujos. Darbe, taikant gyvavimo ciklo analizės metodą, nagrinėjama esama trečios kartos CŠT sistema ir sumodeliuota ketvirtos kartos CŠT sistema. Lyginant sistemas buvo vertinami projektiniai šilumos nuostolių srautai ir tinklų statybai sunaudotų medžiagų kiekiai. Atliekant gyvavimo ciklo analizę, kiekvienoje fazėje nustatyti išmetamų teršalų kiekiai ir pirminės energijos poreikiai gamybai, eksploatacijai, transportavimui bei sunaikinimui.
Dynamical Tidal Locking Theory: A New Source of the Spin of Dark Matter Halos
Authors: Ebrahimian E. , Abolhasani A. A.
Published: May 2021

We revisit the question of what mechanism is responsible for the spins of halos of dark matter. The answer to this question is of high importance for modeling galaxy intrinsic alignment, which can potentially contaminate current and future lensing data. In particular, we show that when the dark matter halos pass nearly each other in dense environments—namely halo assemblies—they swing and spin each other via exerting mutual tidal torques. We show that this has a significant contribution to the spin of dark matter halos comparable to that calculated by the so-called tidal torque theory. We use the results of the state-of-the-art simulation of Illutris to check the prediction of this theory against the simulation data.
Observational Signature of Tightly Wound Spirals Driven by Buoyancy Resonances in Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Bae Jaehan , Teague Richard , Zhu Zhaohuan
Published: May 2021

Besides the spirals induced by the Lindblad resonances, planets can generate a family of tightly wound spirals through buoyancy resonances. The excitation of buoyancy resonances depends on the thermal relaxation timescale of the gas. By computing timescales of various processes associated with thermal relaxation, namely, radiation, diffusion, and gas–dust collision, we show that the thermal relaxation in protoplanetary disks’ surface layers (Z/R ≳ 0.1) and outer disks (R ≳ 100 au) is limited by infrequent gas–dust collisions. The use of the isothermal equation of state or rapid cooling, common in protoplanetary disk simulations, is therefore not justified. Using three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations, we show that the collision-limited slow thermal relaxation provides favorable conditions for buoyancy resonances to develop. Buoyancy resonances produce predominantly vertical motions, whose magnitude at the 12CO emission surface is of the order of 100 m s−1 for Jovian-mass planets, sufficiently large to detect using molecular line observations with ALMA. We generate synthetic observations and describe characteristic features of buoyancy resonances in Keplerian-subtracted moment maps and velocity channel maps. Based on the morphology and magnitude of the perturbation, we propose that the tightly wound spirals observed in TW Hya could be driven by a (sub-)Jovian-mass planet at 90 au. We discuss how non-Keplerian motions driven by buoyancy resonances can be distinguished from those driven by other origins. We argue that observations of multiple lines tracing different heights, with sufficiently high spatial/spectral resolution and sensitivity to separate the emission arising from the near and far sides of the disk, will help constrain the origin of non-Keplerian motions.
Prospects for Detecting Gravitational Waves from Eccentric Subsolar Mass Compact Binaries
Authors: Wang 王一 Yi-Fan 帆 , Nitz Alexander H.
Published: May 2021

Due to their small mass, subsolar mass black hole binaries would have to be primordial in origin instead of the result of stellar evolution. Soon after formation in the early universe, primordial black holes can form binaries after decoupling from the cosmic expansion. Alternatively, primordial black holes as dark matter could also form binaries in the late universe due to dynamical encounters and gravitational-wave braking. A significant feature for this channel is the possibility that some sources retain nonzero eccentricity in the LIGO/Virgo band. Assuming all dark matter is primordial black holes with a delta function mass distribution, 1M
⊙–1M
⊙ binaries formed in this late-universe channel can be detected by Advanced LIGO and Virgo with their design sensitivities at a rate of

yr−1, where 12%(3%) of events have eccentricity at a gravitational-wave frequency of 10 Hz, e
10 Hz ≥ 0.01(0.1), and nondetection can constrain the binary formation rate within this model. Third generation detectors would be expected to detect subsolar mass eccentric binaries as light as 0.01M
⊙ within this channel, if they accounted for the majority of the dark matter. Furthermore, we use simulated gravitational-wave data to study the ability to search for eccentric gravitational-wave signals using a quasi-circular waveform template bank with Advanced LIGO design sensitivity. For a match-filtering targeted search, assuming binaries with a delta function mass of 0.1(1)M
⊙ and the eccentricity distribution derived from this late-universe formation channel, 41%(6%) of the signals would be missed compared to the ideal detection rate due to the mismatch in the gravitational-wave signal from eccentricity.
Elemental Abundances of Prominence Material inside ICMEs
Authors: Lepri Susan T. , Rivera Yeimy J.
Published: May 2021

A small number of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) have been identified that contain measurable contributions from prominence plasma. In situ measurements from during these events are marked by the presence of unusually low-charge states of C, O, and Fe, representing ionization equilibrium formation temperatures of ∼104–105 K, consistent with prominence material observed at the Sun. We present a thorough analysis of the elemental abundances of a wide variety of heavy ions, measured by Advanced Composition Explorer/SWICS, in prominence material observed in the solar wind. We find that prominence material observed in situ tends to be more enriched in heavy ions than the surrounding ICME plasma and the fast and slow solar wind. We also find that the material is on average moderately enhanced in low first ionization potential elements compared to photospheric abundances, with values that lie between fast and slow solar wind. In rare instances, where in situ prominence material is observed to have clear, persistent, low-charge states over longer periods of time, it exhibits elemental abundances that are photospheric in nature. However, in most prominence events we see indications that the associated material contains a mixture of prominence and adjacent ICME plasma. The anomalous behavior of the elemental and ionic composition in ICMEs with and without prominence material can be used to study physical processes that occur during CME initiation and release.
Magnetohydrodynamic Wave Modes of Solar Magnetic Flux Tubes with an Elliptical Cross Section
Authors: Aldhafeeri Anwar A. , Verth Gary , Brevis Wernher , Jess David B. , McMurdo Max , Fedun Viktor
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this paper is to study the behavior of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wave modes that propagate in compressible magnetic flux tubes with an elliptical cross section embedded in a magnetic environment. The dispersion relation that describes the behavior of MHD wave modes permitted in an elliptical magnetic flux tube is solved numerically. Distortion of the spatial structure of the purely real eigenmodes from the well-known circular flux tube model has been considered. It has been studied under both photospheric and coronal conditions. It has been shown that (i) solutions in the form of even Mathieu functions are more sensitive to the value of eccentricity than solutions with the form of odd Mathieu functions; (ii) if the ellipticity of the cross section of the magnetic flux tube increases, a sausage mode (m = 0) cannot be easily identified; (iii) even solutions that correspond to the fluting mode (m = 3) can be misinterpreted as a kink mode (m = 1) due to their similarities. In contrast to the fluting modes that are polarized along the major axis and strongly depend on the ellipticity of the magnetic flux tube, the kink and sausage surface modes are practically unaffected by ellipticity. Several examples of the spatial structure of the eigenmodes permitted in the pores and sunspots have been visualized. The solutions obtained in the approximation of cylindrical symmetry are in agreement with previous studies.
Secondary Energization in Compressing Plasmoids during Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Hakobyan Hayk , Petropoulou Maria , Spitkovsky Anatoly , Sironi Lorenzo
Published: May 2021

Plasmoids—magnetized quasi-circular structures formed self-consistently in reconnecting current sheets—were previously considered to be the graveyards of energetic particles. In this paper, we demonstrate the important role of plasmoids in shaping the particle energy spectrum in relativistic reconnection (i.e., with upstream magnetization σ
up ≫ 1). Using 2D particle-in-cell simulations in pair plasmas with σ
up = 10 and 100, we study a secondary particle energization process that takes place inside compressing plasmoids. We demonstrate that plasmoids grow in time, while their interiors compress, amplifying the internal magnetic field. The magnetic field felt by particles injected in an isolated plasmoid increases linearly with time, which leads to particle energization as a result of magnetic moment conservation. For particles injected with a power-law distribution function, this energization process acts in such a way that the shape of the injected power law is conserved, while producing an additional nonthermal tail f(E) ∝ E
−3 at higher energies, followed by an exponential cutoff. The cutoff energy, which increases with time as

, can greatly exceed σ
up
m

e

c
2. We analytically predict the secondary acceleration timescale and the shape of the emerging particle energy spectrum, which can be of major importance in certain astrophysical systems, such as blazar jets.
The Interstellar Medium toward the Galactic Center Source 2MASS J17470898–2829561
Authors: Geballe T. R. , Pendleton Yvonne , Chiar Jean , Tielens Alexander G. G. M.
Published: May 2021

We describe and discuss remarkable infrared spectra, covering key portions of the 2–5 μm wavelength interval, of the probable OH/IR supergiant 2MASS J17470898−2829561 (2M1747), located in direction of the Sgr B molecular cloud complex within the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) of the Galaxy. This star was originally singled out for examination based on its suitability for spectroscopy of lines of

in the CMZ. Analysis of the spectra shows that 2M1747 is deeply embedded within Sgr B1, with A

V
≳ 100 mag, making it the only star within Sgr B for which infrared spectra have been obtained at present, and thereby a unique infrared probe of the dense interstellar medium within the CMZ. Despite the high extinction, spectra of 2M1747 reveal a veiled photosphere in the K band and circumstellar gas in the M band, giving clues as to its nature. Its 3.5–4.0 μm spectrum contains the strongest absorption lines of

observed toward any object to date. The 4.5–4.8 μm spectrum has impressively deep and wide absorption lines of interstellar CO, most of which arise in dense gas within Sgr B1. The 3–5 μm spectrum also contains several solid-state absorption features, which are characteristic of both dense and diffuse clouds, and which raise questions about the identifications of some of these features. We discuss the nature of the star, the extinction to it, the extinction law for dust in the CMZ, and the identifications of the various solid-state features and where they are produced along this complex line of sight.
A Large Fraction of Hydrogen-rich Supernova Progenitors Experience Elevated Mass Loss Shortly Prior to Explosion
Authors: Bruch Rachel J. , Gal-Yam Avishay , Schulze Steve , Yaron Ofer , Yang Yi , Soumagnac Maayane , Rigault Mickael , Strotjohann Nora L. , Ofek Eran , Sollerman Jesper , Masci Frank J. , Barbarino Cristina , Ho Anna Y. Q. , Fremling Christoffer , Perley Daniel , Nordin Jakob , Cenko S. Bradley , Adams S. , Adreoni Igor , Bellm Eric C. , Blagorodnova Nadia , Bulla Mattia , Burdge Kevin , De Kishalay , Dhawan Suhail , Drake Andrew J. , Duev Dmitry A. , Dugas Alison , Graham Matthew , Graham Melissa L. , Irani Ido , Jencson Jacob , Karamehmetoglu Emir , Kasliwal Mansi , Kim Young-Lo , Kulkarni Shrinivas , Kupfer Thomas , Liang Jingyi , Mahabal Ashish , Miller A. A. , Prince Thomas A. , Riddle Reed , Sharma Y. , Smith Roger , Taddia Francesco , Taggart Kirsty , Walters Richard , Yan Lin
Published: May 2021

Spectroscopic detection of narrow emission lines traces the presence of circumstellar mass distributions around massive stars exploding as core-collapse supernovae. Transient emission lines disappearing shortly after the supernova explosion suggest that the material spatial extent is compact and implies an increased mass loss shortly prior to explosion. Here, we present a systematic survey for such transient emission lines (Flash Spectroscopy) among Type II supernovae detected in the first year of the Zwicky Transient Facility survey. We find that at least six out of ten events for which a spectrum was obtained within two days of the estimated explosion time show evidence for such transient flash lines. Our measured flash event fraction (>30% at 95% confidence level) indicates that elevated mass loss is a common process occurring in massive stars that are about to explode as supernovae.
Cystoisospora belli infection in a renal transplant recipient: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Özmen-Çapın Büşra Betül , Gürsoy Gamze , Tortop Sema , Jabrayilov Jabrayil , İnkaya Ahmet Çağkan , Ergüven Sibel
Published: May 2021

Cystoisospora belli is a coccidian parasite that causes prolonged watery diarrhea especially among immunocompromised patients. Herein, we report a renal transplant patient who complaints of alternating diarrhea and review of literature related to cystoisosporiasis amongst the transplant recipients.
Factors associated with increased odds of sensorineural hearing loss in infants exposed to the Zika virus during pregnancy
Authors: Verján-Carrillo Erika J , Murillo-Zamora Efrén , Ceja-Espíritu Gabriel , Guzmán-Esquivel José , Mendoza-Cano Oliver
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnant women has been associated with an increased risk of birth defects. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in infants exposed to the ZIKV during their gestation and evaluate the factors associated with its increased odds.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was performed from July 2016 to June 2019 in a Western state of Mexico and data from 61 infants that presented with laboratory-positive (RT-qPCR) evidence of in utero exposure to ZIKV were analyzed. Brain stem auditory evoked potentials were used.

Results: Hearing loss was documented in 6 (9.8%) of infants. The prevalence of SNHL in children with microcephaly was 75.0%, as compared to 5.3% in those without anomalies (odds ratio, OR = 14.31, 95% CI = 2.54 – 19.12). Half of children with SNHL had no physical manifestations of gestational ZIKV exposure.

Conclusions: Hearing loss was a frequent event in ZIKV-exposed children, particularly among those with microcephaly. Our results highlight the relevance of systematic hearing screening.
Caring for patients with rare diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Boudjelal Mohamed , Mehyar Nimer , Alghanem Bandar , Almajed Faisal , Alfadhel Majid
Published: May 2021

Rare diseases frequently attack and weaken the immune system, increasing the patient’s vulnerability to develop severe conditions after viral infections, such as COVID-19. Many patients with rare diseases also suffer from mental retardation and disability. These rare disease phenotypes do not emerge in older people who are susceptible to COVID-19 infection, but present at a very young age or at birth. These factors must be taken in consideration when caring for this vulnerable patient population during a pandemic, such as COVID-19. Patients with a rare disease have to take their regular medication continuously to control their condition and frequently, the medications, directly or indirectly, affect their immune system. It is important for this patient population, if infected with COVID-19 or another severe form of infection, to adjust the treatment protocol by specialists, in consultation with their own medical team. Special awareness and educational programs, understandable for mentally retarded patients, must be developed to educate them about social distancing, curfew, sanitization, and sensitization to the disease and quarantine. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance to reconsider the care required by patients with a rare disease during a pandemic or disaster, a program that should be adopted by the World Health Organization and governmental institutions for consideration.
Antibiotic usage and resistance in Mexico: an update after a decade of change
Authors: Amabile-Cuevas Carlos F
Published: May 2021

Ten years ago, a review on the status of resistance in Mexico was bleak: with antibiotics freely sold over the counter and poor regulation of generic drugs, among other conditions, resistance among relevant pathogens often ranked top, either among Latin American countries, or even worldwide. Since then, there have been some regulatory changes, along a decline in antibiotics usage: antibiotics are (supposedly) no longer sold without prescription, generic drugs (supposedly) have to demonstrate bioequivalence, and antibiotic usage has drop, from about 13 defined daily doses per 1,000 inhabitants per day, to 7. While these changes may sound encouraging, an analysis show that regulatory changes are incomplete at best, and usage decline may be the consequence of factors such as growing poverty. The assessment of resistance continues to be haphazard, without an organized network of laboratories providing a coherent picture. However, judging from a few nationwide reports, it appears that resistance among some nosocomial pathogens (MRSA, enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) is declining, as it is among pneumococci and enteropathogens; but it is rising among community-acquired, uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Resistance to colistin is slowly increasing; and worrisome resistance determinants, such as blaNDM-1 and mcr-1, appeared in Mexico shortly after their first report elsewhere. After four years from the United Nations General Assembly high-level meeting on antibiotic resistance, Mexico is yet to deploy the basic measures to assess and control antibiotic resistance. As such, and despite the regulatory changes, the 2010-2020 period looks like a “lost decade”.
Prevalence and genotypic characterization of Salmonella spp. from chicken meats marketed in the province of Skikda, Algeria
Authors: Samia Djeffal , Bakir Mamache , Rachid Elgroud , Chaffia Bentchouala , Omar Bouaziz , Rolain Jean-Marc , Diene Seydina Mouhamadou
Published: May 2021

Here, we aim to determine the prevalence of Salmonella contamination of poultry meat from butcheries of the province of Skikda and to investigate antibiotic resistance. Salmonella spp. isolates were screened from 70 samples, including chicken breasts (n = 40 samples) and chicken thighs (n = 30 samples) collected from 14 butcheries. All suspected Salmonella colonies from selective media were confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS and serotyped. The susceptibility profile to 16 antibiotics was studied. According to the antibiotic susceptibility results, resistance genes were investigated by standard PCR targeting various genes such as blaSHV, blaTEM, aac3, aac6-Ibcr, aad, qnrA and qnrB. Of the 14 butcheries studied, samples from eight butcheries were contaminated with Salmonella (57.14%). 19 Salmonella strains were isolated, including five serotypes with a predominance of Kentucky serotype (n = 9), Enteridis (n = 3), followed by Heidelberg (n = 3), Virchow (n = 3), and Manhattan (n= 1). All isolates were resistant to Rifampicin (100%; n = 19), and to other antibiotics such as Ciprofloxacin (47.36%), Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (47.36%; n = 9), Amoxicillin, (47.36%; n = 9), Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid (47.36%; n = 9), and Gentamycin (47.36%; n = 9). All isolates showing multidrug resistance (47.36%; n = 9) were positive by PCR to the blaTEM-1 β-lactamase gene, from which 8 strains carried the aminoglycoside resistance aad7 gene. However, none was positive for the tested blaSHV, Aac3, Aac6-Ibcr, qnrA, qnrB, ArmA and ArmB genes. Our findings show a worrying rate of Salmonella contamination of poultry meats.
Growth, thermal preference and critical thermal maximum for Totoaba macdonaldi: effect of acclimation temperature and inclusion of soybean meal in the diet
Authors: Yen Ortega Eloy Eduardo , Correa Reyes Juan Gabriel , Hernández Rodríguez Mónica
Published: May 2021

We studied the interaction effect between temperature 23 and 26°C, and replacing fishmeal for soybean meal (SBM): 32, 43, and 56% vs. a diet control on culture performance, thermal behavior, and critical thermal maximum (CTMax) of juvenile Totoaba macdonaldi. Fish were fed to apparent satiation three times daily for 61 days. The results showed that temperature had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on weight gain, percent weight gain, and specific growth rate, which were all higher in fish acclimated at 26°C. The preferred temperature ranged between 26.4 and 27.7°C, significantly influenced by acclimation temperature (P < 0.05) but not by diet. CTMax was influenced by acclimation temperature and SBM in the diet. Fish resistance decreased when the percent SBM in the diet was higher. Information on biological indicators for T. macdonaldi adds to the knowledge of a key Mexican species. Our study demonstrated that the use of SBM as an alternative to fishmeal in the diet and the interaction with temperature as a factor could affect this species' performance.
Effects of mannan oligosaccharides and fructooligosaccharides on the growth and nonspecific immune responses of juvenile freshwater prawn Macrobrachium acanthurus
Authors: Varela-Granados Yazmin , Frías-Gómez Susana Alejandra , Hernández-Hernández Luis Héctor , Powell Madison S. , Vega-Villasante Fernando
Published: May 2021

The freshwater prawn Macrobrachium acanthurus represents a valuable resource for fishermen's communities in Mexico, although the information of its culture conditions and nutrition is still scarce. Prebiotics are defined as non-digestible components that are metabolized by specific health-promoting bacteria in the host's digestive system, improving the health status and growth performance of cultured aquatic organisms. Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) are among the most used prebiotics in aquaculture. The present work aimed to determine the effects of dietary FOS and MOS in the growth performance, immune responses, and sexual maturity of juvenile freshwater prawn Macrobrachium acanthurus. Juveniles (0.06 ± 0.001 g) were fed with diets supplemented with a 3 g kg-1 diet of commercial FOS and MOS for 80 days. At the end of the feeding trial, the following indices were calculated: weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion efficiency, as well as superoxide dismutase and lysozyme activities in hepatopancreas tissue. The growth performance, survival, juveniles' protein contents did no show significant differences among the groups. No differences were detected in superoxide dismutase and lysozyme activities among experimental groups. Around day 60 of the feeding trial, the females fed with the prebiotics maturated, and by the end of the trial, several of them were carrying eggs. It seems that prebiotics might have a role in sexual maturation, but further research is necessary to establish if prebiotics influences the early maturation of M. acanthurus.
Invertebrates assemblage captured by a pink shrimp's fishery on Amazon continental shelf
Authors: Nóbrega Priscila Sousa Vilela da , Meira dos Santos Cleverson Ranniéri , Cordeiro Ana Patrícia Barros , Martinelli-Lemos Jussara Moretto
Published: May 2021

Shrimp trawl fisheries constitute a major threat to continental shelves' biodiversity, given their profound impact on benthic communities. We investigated the composition of an invertebrate assemblage impacted by this type of fishery and possible correlations of the abundance and richness with specific environmental parameters. The activities of the industrial shrimp fleet on the north coast of Brazil were monitored over two years. We analyzed 20,303 specimens belonging to seven phyla (Porifera, Cnidaria, Mollusca, Sipuncula, Annelida, Arthropoda, Echinodermata) and 154 species. There was a predominance of generalist and rare species, given that most species (86) were sporadic. Taxonomic composition patterns were complex, dynamic, and were correlated mainly with the temperature and depth of the Amazon continental shelf, the largest in extension and low depth of the South Atlantic. The crustaceans were dominant in both abundance and taxonomic richness. The influence of environmental factors on the abundance of the main species is discussed. The invertebrates are a neglected component in studies of fisheries impact and important components of the ecological structure of the Amazon coast. They are an essential group for developing a holistic fisheries management approach, which will support the sustainability of the region's fisheries and preserve local aquatic communities.
Age and reproduction of the southern king croaker Menticirrhus americanus in subtropical South Atlantic environments
Authors: Maichak de Carvalho Barbara , Volpedo Alejandra Vanina , Fávaro Luís Fernando
Published: May 2021

Menticirrhus americanus were sampled (n = 393) from two beaches (P1 is an estuarine beach near the mouth of the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex, and P2 is a beach adjacent to the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex) in the subtropical region of the western South Atlantic waters between August 2015 and June 2016. This study aimed to identify the spawning season and the age structure for M. americanus using two sampling methods. For sampling at the P1 beach, seine, line, and pole were used, while samples from the P2 beach were obtained from the artisanal fishers. Females were numerically dominant in all sampling months at both sites except for February when the males became dominant. The species exhibited a protected reproductive season with multiple spawning peaks between August and December. Males and females were captured at all gonadal development stages and ages between 1 and 6 from both sites. At first maturity, the length of the females was 16.3 cm, and the mean age at first maturity was 1.3 years. Individuals aged between 1 and 3 years were dominant (68%). The results suggested that young and adults of the M. americanus use the same habitats throughout their ontogeny.