bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hip Geometry in Hip Fracture Patients in Greenland
Authors: Fleischer Inuuteq , Laursen Mogens , Andersen Stig
Published: October 2020

Background: Hip geometry influences hip fracture risk. Hip fractures are common and they are associated with pain, disability, premature death and marked costs on society. Osteoporotic fractures are frequent in Arctic populations and increase with advancing age in this society that has a steep rise in life expectancy. Greenland Inuit is a distinct ethnic group and data on hip geometry is missing. This let us to describe hip geometry in populations with hip fracture in Greenland.Methods: We evaluated collodiaphysial angle, femoral neck length, the outer and inner diameter of the femur at 2 and 5 centimetres below the centre of the lesser trochanter and the cortical thickness from pelvic and hip radiographs in all patients operated in Greenland over a 7.7-year period. We included all 84 patients with one non-fractured hip visible for geometric analysis. Analyses were conducted in duplicate.Results: We found collodiaphysial angle of 134.8/132.6o in men/women (p=0.06) and femoral neck length of 38.0/33.9mm in men/women (p=0.001). Cortical thickness was influenced by sex in the adjusted analysis (p<0.001). Cortical thickness index at 5cm below the centre of the lesser trochanter decreased with age (p=0.026) and may be influenced by height (2cm below the centre of the lesser trochanter, p=0.053). Conclusion: Our findings differed from European reference data and suggest a delicate balance in hip geometry that may change with lifestyle transition in Arctic populations. Ethnic peculiarities influence the hip structure and may have an impact on fracture risk. A focus on hip geometry and risk factors for osteoporotic fractures in Arctic populations is warranted.
Characterizing the Permeability and Methane Release with the Treatment of Pressure-relief Mining: Intensive Field Measurements
Authors: Zhang Cun , Bai Qingsheng , Song Ziyu , Luo Yang , Chen Jianhang
Published: October 2020

Characterizing the permeability evolution and methane release is of great significance for the safe mining of the high gas outburst seams, as well as coal and gas simultaneous extraction. Theoretical analysis, laboratory testing, and numerical simulation are widely used methods to characterize the permeability and methane release with the treatment of pressure-relief mining. However, these methods cannot fully reflect the complexity of filed practice. In this study, we report the effectiveness of protective coal seam (PCS) mining and the pressure-relief area in the protected coal seam (PDCS) based on detailed and integrated field measurements in a Chinese coal mine. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to measure the permeability coefficient and gas pressure evolution in the PDCS during the PCS longwall mining. The evolution of the permeability coefficient in the pressure-relief area during PCS mining can be divided into four stages: slowly decreasing, sharply increasing, gradually decreasing, and basically stable. The maximum permeability coefficient is 322 times of the initial value and finally stabilized at 100 times after the goaf compacted. The gas pressure evolution in the PDCS indicates that the strike pressure relief angle is 52.2° at the active longwall face zone, and 59.3° at the installation roadway side. The tendency pressure relief angles at the lower and upper sides of the longwall panel are 75° and 78.9°, respectively. The residual gas content and gas pressure of the PDCS in the pressure-relief area are reduced to less than 6 m3/t and within 0.4 MPa, respectively. The field measurements show that pressure-relief mining can prevent coal and gas outbursts in PDCSs. The field observations in this paper can serve as benchmark evidence for theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, and also provide insights into realizing safety mining in similar conditions.
Genetic Map of Relapsed and Refractory Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma: A Systemic Review and Association Analysis
Authors: Gao Fan , Tian Lei , Wang Jing , Dong Fei , Hu Kai , Ke Xiaoyan
Published: October 2020

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common histological subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). In recent years, a deeper understanding of the genetic subtypes of diffuse large B lymphoma has been reached, and these advances have also been applied to research on relapsed and refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (RRDLBCL). We screened 1495 documents, compiled the whole-exome sequencing data of several studies, formed a data set including 92 observations, and performed association analysis on the high-frequency mutations among them. The most common mutations in the data set include TTN (34/92, 37.0%), KMT2D (29/92, 31.5%), TP53 (25/92, 27.2%), IGLL5 (25/92, 27.2%), CREBBP (21 /92, 22.8%), BCL2 (21/92, 22.8%), MYD88 (20/92, 21.7%), and SOCS1 (19/92, 20.7%). Among these, CREBBP, KMT2D, and BCL2 have a strong association with each other, and SOCS1 has a strong association with genes such as ACTB, CIITA, and GNA13. There is also a strong association between SOCS1 and STAT6. Though TP53 and MYD88 lack significant associations with most genes, the association between MYD88 and PIM1 is significant. Through SOM clustering and expression-level analysis of common gene mutations, we believe that RRDLBCL can be divided into four main types: (1) JAK-STAT-related type, including STAT6, SOCS1, ITPKB, CIITA, and B2M. The expression lineage is similar to PMBL and cHL. (2) EZB type: BCL2 and EZHZ are the main types of mutations. Epigenetic mutations such as KMT2D and CREBBP are more common in this type, and are often accompanied by BCL2 mutations. (3) MCD type, including MYD88, CD79B and PIM1. These genes are involved in the BCR signaling pathway and related pathways, and are connected by the common NF-κB pathway. (4) Undefined type (Sparse Mutation type). These patients are mainly individuals with sparse mutations, including some patients with TP53 mutations (30.3%, 10/33), but who generally lack characteristic mutations. Among the common gene mutations, the expression changes in BCL2, PIM1, STAT6, ITPKB, and GNA13 have more significant prognostic significance. We also reviewed the literature from recent years concerning the previously mentioned common gene mutations.
Potential of Three-step Pretargeting Radioimmunotherapy Using Biotinylated Bevacizumab and Succinylated Streptavidin in Triple-negative Breast Cancer Xenograft 
Authors: Gu Wenchao , Yudistiro Ryan , Hanaoka Hirofumi , Katsumata Natsumi , Tsushima Yoshito
Published: October 2020

Background Pretargeting radioimmunotherapy (PRIT) is a promising approach that can reduce long-time retention of blood radioactivity and consequently reduce hematotoxicity. Among the PRIT strategies, the combination of biotin-conjugated mAb and radiolabeled streptavidin (StAv) is a simple and convenient method because of ease of preparation. This study performed three-step (3-step) PRIT using the sequential injection of (1) biotinylated bevacizumab (Bt-BV), (2) avidin, and (3) radiolabeled StAv for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods Four biodistribution studies were performed using 111In in tumor-bearing mice to optimize each step of our PRIT methods. Further, a therapeutic study was performed with optimized 3-step PRIT using 90Y-labeled StAv. Results Based on the biodistribution studies, the protein dose of Bt-BV and avidin was optimized to 100 μg and 10 molar equivalent of BV, respectively. Succinylation of StAv significantly decreased the kidney accumulation level (with succinylation (6.96 ± 0.91) vs without succinylation (20.60 ± 1.47) at 1 h after injection, p < 0.0001) with little effect on tumor accumulation level. In the therapeutic study, tumor growth was significantly suppressed in treatment groups with optimized 3-step PRIT using 90Y-labeled succinylated StAv compared to that of the no-treatment group (p < 0.05). Conclusion The 3-step PRIT strategy of this study achieved fast blood clearance and low kidney uptake with little effect on tumor accumulation level, and a certain level of therapeutic effect was consequently observed. These results indicated that the pretargeting treatment of the current study may be effective for human TNBC treatment.
Prognostic Stratification of Baseline Total Metabolic Tumor Volume on PET/CT Combined with MYC/Bcl-2 Dual Expression in Patients with Primary Gastrointestinal Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Jiang Chong , Teng Yue , Chen Jieyu , Zheng Zhong , Wang Zhen , Zhou Zhengyang , Xu Jingyan , Ding Chongyang
Published: October 2020

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to explore whether pretreatment total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) combined with MYC/BCL-2 dual expression (DE) would improve the prognostic stratification of patients who were newly diagnosed with primary gastrointestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PGI-DLBCL).Materials and methods: Eighty-three patients between March 2011 and November 2019, diagnosed with PGI-DLBCL prior to treatment, were included in this retrospective study. Baseline TMTV on PET/CT scans were calculated automatically using the boundaries of voxels presenting a SUVmax≥2.5. Expression of MYC/BCL-2 were detected at protein levels via immunohistochemistry（IHC）. The distributions of Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and differences were compared using a log-rank test followed by multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model.Results: TMTV and DE were significantly associated with a worse PFS and OS. Multivariate analysis revealed that TMTV (HR=6.090, P<0.001) and DE (HR=2.761, P=0.021) were each independent predictors of PFS, whereas TMTV (HR=9.512, P<0.001) was the only independent predictor of OS. A monogram comprised of TMTV and DE expression identified four groups with very different outcomes: (PFS:χ2=32.178, P<0.001; OS:χ2=23.091, P<0.001): low-risk group (low TMTV and non-DE, 46 patients); low-intermediate risk group (low TMTV and DE, 16 the patients); high-intermediate risk group (high TMTV and non-DE, 12 patients); and high-risk group (high TMTV and DE patients, 9 patients). Conclusions: TMTV and DE independently predicted survival outcomes in PGI-DLBCL patients. Furthermore, our findings suggest that combination of TMTV and DE may further improve the ability of clinicians to stratify patients in terms of differential prognoses.
Photo-excited Toluidine Blue Disaggregates the Repeat Tau and Modulates End-binding Protein EB1, Cytoskeletal Structure in Neuronal Cells
Authors: Dubey Tushar , Gorantla Nalini Vijay , Chinnathambi Subashchandrabose
Published: October 2020

BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by the intracellular accumulation of Tau protein aggregates. Inhibition of protein aggregation by photo-excited dyes is emerging as a novel strategy for the treatment of certain diseases. Toluidine Blue is a basic phenothiazine dye having the potency of photo-excitation by irradiation with a red light at 630±20 nm. In the present work, we studied the effect of Toluidine Blue and photo-excited Toluidine Blue on the aggregation of repeat Tau using in-vitro assays. ResultsResults showed that Toluidine Blue efficiently inhibited the formation of higher-order aggregates which was evidenced by Thioflavin S fluorescence assay, SDS-PAGE and electron microscopy. Moreover, the photo-excited Toluidine Blue led to disaggregation of the mature repeat Tau fibrils, which were irradiated in the dark chamber customized in our lab. Further, studies on the effect of Toluidine blue on cell viability in Neuro2a cells using MTT assay showed that Toluidine Blue was not toxic to neuronal cells at lower concentrations but at high concentrations (> 5 µM) both Toluidine Blue and photo-excited Toluidine Blue induced significant toxicity. Immunofluorescence studies on the cytoskeleton of Neuro2a cells show that Toluidine Blue and photo-excited Toluidine Blue treatment at a non-toxic concentration of 0.5 µM stimulated the formation of actin-rich lamellipodia and filopodia structures. Tubulin networks were also differentially modulated after the treatment of Toluidine Blue and photo-excited Toluidine Blue. End-binding protein 1 (EB1) levels were observed to increase after Toluidine Blue and photo-excited Toluidine Blue treatment indicating the accelerated microtubule polymerization. The overall study suggested that Toluidine Blue inhibited the aggregation of soluble Tau and photo-excited Toluidine Blue disaggregated the pre-formed Tau filaments. ConclusionsIn our study, TB and PE-TB were observed to be potent against Tau aggregation. We observed a distinctive modulation of actin, tubulin networks and EB1 levels after TB and PE-TB treatment, which clearly suggested that TB and PE-TB have potency against the cytoskeleton deformities. Thus, from the present work, we are stating that TB could be a potent molecule against Tauopathy.
Efficacy of Dietary Interventions on Weight Loss and Biochemical Parameters Among Saudi Females with Obesity and Overweight: An Interventional Non-Randomized Control Trail.
Authors: Aldisi Dara , Afsar Tayyaba , Al-farraj Amani Abdullah , Alothman Alaa Fahad , Al-Mokyel Shajan Hassan , AlQahtani Shahad Abdullah , Bakhsh Mariam yousef , Alenazy Nawarah Ali , Razak Suhail , Elshafie Mona Mohamed , Almajwal Ali
Published: October 2020

Background: Numerous dietary approaches have been proposed to treat obesity. We investigated the efficacy of the Ideal Protein Weight Loss Method (IPWLM) diet and the balanced diet (BD) on anthropometric, body composition, and biochemical parameters in obese/overweight subjects. Methods: 60 overweight/obese females from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were divided into two groups: Group IPWLM (n=29) followed the IPWLM diet, while the BD group (n=31) received a balanced diet for 6 weeks. Result: Significant reduction in anthropometric measurements and body composition were observed in BD and IPWLM groups. In both BD and IPWLM groups, all weight, % body fat (BF), % muscle mass, hip and waist circumferences, and body mass index (BMI) had a significant reduction (p, for all trends <0.05). BD group subjects had a significant reduction in triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol (p <0.05), while no changes in HDL and glucose (p, for all trends >0.05). IPWLM group showed no significant effects on blood glucose and lipid profile (LDL, HDL, and cholesterol (p >0.05). Conclusion: Although the IPWLM diet did not improve biochemical parameters, it was significantly associated with improvements in anthropometrics, %BF, and muscle mass preservation. On the other hand, BD was more favorable in anthropometrics, body composition as well as biochemical parameters.
Chinese Women’s Attitudes Towards Postpartum Interventions to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes After Gestational Diabetes: A Semi-Structured Qualitative Study
Authors: Shang Jie , Henry Amanda , Zhang Puhong , Chen Huan , Thompson Kelly , Wang Xiaodong , Liu Na , Zhang Jiani , Liu Yan , Pan Xiongfei , Yang Xue , Jin Jianbo , Hirst Jane Elizabeth
Published: October 2020

Background: Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a global problem affecting millions of pregnant women, including in mainland China. These women are at high risk of Type II diabetes (T2DM). Cost-effective and clinically effective interventions are needed. We aimed to explore Chinese women’s perspectives, concerns and motivations towards participation in early postpartum interventions and/or research to prevent the development of T2DM after a GDM-affected pregnancy. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study in two hospitals in Chengdu, Southwest China. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 women with recent experience of GDM: 16 postpartum women and 4 pregnant women. Women were asked about their attitudes towards postpartum screening for type 2 diabetes, lifestyle interventions, mHealth delivered interventions and pharmacologic interventions (specifically metformin). An inductive approach to analysis was used. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded using NVivo 12 Pro. Results: Most women held positive attitudes towards participating in T2DM screening, and were willing to participate in postpartum interventions to prevent T2DM through lifestyle change or mHealth interventions. Women were less likely to agree to pharmacological intervention, unless they had family members with diabetes or needed medication themselves during pregnancy. We identified seven domains influencing women’s attitudes towards future interventions: (1) experiences with the health system during pregnancy; (2) living in an enabling environment; (3) the experience of T2DM in family members; (4) knowledge of diabetes and perception of risk; (5) concerns about personal and baby health; (6) feelings and emotions, and (7) lifestyle constraints. Those with more severe GDM, an enabling environment and health knowledge, and with experience of T2DM in family members expressed more favourable views of postpartum interventions and research participation to prevent T2DM after GDM. Those who perceived themselves as having mild GDM and those with time/lifestyle constraints were less likely to participate.Conclusions: Women with experiences of GDM in Chengdu are generally willing to participate in early postpartum interventions and/or research to reduce their risk of T2DM, with a preference for non-drug, mHealth based interventions, integrating lifestyle change strategies, blood glucose monitoring, postpartum recovery and mental health.
Successful Surgical Strategy for Graft-esophageal Fistula After Total Arch Replacement : A Case Report.
Authors: Munakata Hiroshi , Yasumori Ken , Shimabukuro Noriko , Yamazato Takahiro , Abe Noriyuki , Nakamura Tetsu
Published: October 2020

BackgroundGraft infection is one of the catastrophic complications in the aortic surgical area. Case presentationA 62-year-old man was diagnosed graft-esophageal fistula after total arch replacement. We have experienced aggressive debridement, that includes the infected previous graft and unhealthy esophagus under the same operative field, and staged esophageal reconstruction was performed 4 months later. ConclusionsWe believe that this successful surgical strategy, which involves aggressive debridement using re-median incision plus a left posterolateral thoracotomy under the same operative field, is useful and safe and achieved a favorable result.
Co-existence of Cohen Syndrome and Pendred Syndrome? Diagnostic Challenges Associated With Presence of Multiple Genomic Variants in the Newborn: A Case Report
Authors: Li Guoxu , Mu Yu , Sun Chao , Zheng Jie , Xu Xiaowei , Yan Xiaodan , Zhang Fang , Shu Jianbo , Liu Yang
Published: October 2020

BackgroundCohen syndrome is a multisystem autosomal recessive hereditary disease, which is caused by variants of the VPS13B gene. The clinical manifestations include characteristic facial features, microcephaly, trunk obesity and mental retardation. The SLC26A4 gene encodes an anion transporter called Pendrin, the variants of SLC26A4 lead to deafness, Pendred syndrome and enlarged vestibular aqueduct. We presence a case of multiple genetic homozygous variants of SLC26A4 and VPS13B.Case presentationIn this study, we described a case of a 65-day-old female infant presenting with hearing loss and poor feeding. The deafness gene screening before admission showed that the patient carried homozygous c.919-2A>G variation of SLC26A4 gene. The symptoms of the patient did not improve significantly after a period of targeted treatment, then the possibility of genetic diseases was considered after consultation with the different departments. Whole exome sequencing was performed, and homozygous splicing variants in intron 38 (c.6940+1G>T) of VPS13B and that in intron 7 (c.919-2A>G) of SLC26A4 were identified. Later, the parent was proved as the carriers of VPS13B and SLC26A4 heterozygous variations by Sanger sequencing.ConclusionsPresence of multiple genetic homozygous variants of SLC26A4 and VPS13B, it is difficult to make an early diagnosis due to early atypical symptoms. Final diagnosis depends on whole exome sequencing which plays an important role in early diagnosis of intractable neonatal cases.
SeqEnhDL: sequence-based classification of cell type-specific enhancers using deep learning models
Authors: Wang Yupeng , Jaime-Lara Rosario , Roy Abhrarup , Sun Ying , Liu Xinyue , Joseph Paule
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveComputational identification of cell type-specific regulatory elements on a genome-wide scale is very challenging.ResultsWe propose SeqEnhDL, a deep learning framework for classifying cell type-specific enhancers based on sequence features. DNA sequences of “strong enhancer” chromatin states in nine cell types from the ENCODE project were retrieved to build and test enhancer classifiers. For any DNA sequence, sequential k-mer (k=5, 7, 9 and 11) fold changes relative to randomly selected non-coding sequences were used as features for deep learning models. Three deep learning models were implemented, including multi-layer perceptron (MLP), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). All models in SeqEnhDL outperform state-of-the-art enhancer classifiers including gkm-SVM and DanQ, with regard to distinguishing cell type-specific enhancers from randomly selected non-coding sequences. Moreover, SeqEnhDL is able to directly discriminate enhancers from different cell types, which has not been achieved by other enhancer classifiers. Our analysis suggests that both enhancers and their tissue-specificity can be accurately identified according to their sequence features. SeqEnhDL is publicly available at https://github.com/wyp1125/SeqEnhDL.
Spatiotemporal Integration of Tuberculosis and COVID-19 during the COVID-19 Pandemic  in Libya. 
Authors: Daw Mohamed A , Zgheel Faraj A , El-Bouzedi Abdallah , Ahmed Mohamed O
Published: October 2020

Tuberculosis and COVID-19 infections have been traced in Libya during the first 28 epi-weeks and spatiotemporal analysis was carried to determine the patterns of the concurrence of these infections. The data indicated that despite the slight decline in TB notification, the two infections are intertwined and showed synergetic spatiotemporal patterns which vary geographically during the pandemic period. Adequate integrated interventions policy to contain the two co-occurring infections should be considered
Microbiome changes in patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction correlate with fibrosis markers: Description of a Russian cohort
Authors: Novoselov Aalexey , Kaburova Anastasia , Pokrovskaya Maria , Zaitchik Boris , Poyarkov Stanislav , Zagainova Angelika , Fedec Zlata , Mania Tamara , Khripach Lyudmila , Kirilov Andrey , Aksenova Marina , Makovezkaya Anna , Makarov Valentin , Drapkina Oxana , Yudin Sergey
Published: October 2020

Background Chronic heart failure (CHF) affects approximately 26 million people worldwide. Nearly half of CHF patients develop heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), which is associated with myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. Although chronic inflammation was suggested as a critical factor contributing to fibrosis development, a new hypothesis of CHF pathogenesis suggested that altered gut microbiota contributes to leaky gut phenotype development and promotes a systemic inflammatory state. CHF patients have an altered gut microbiome. However, the effect of gut microbiota on fibrosis development in HFpEF patients is not yet known. Thus, this clinical study involving HFpEF patients (n = 47) and healthy volunteers (n = 43) intended to identify the correlations between microbiota changes and fibrosis markers in HFpEF patients. Methods We used 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing to identify the microbiota changes in HFpEF patients. Myocardial fibrosis was quantified using T1 myocardial mapping by using cardiac magnetic resonance. We also assessed the levels of microbial metabolites—trimethylamin N-oxide (TMAO) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)—and measured bloodstream miRNAs and cytokines. The gut microbiome functions were simulated using PICRUSt algorithm. Results The gut microbial communities of HFpEF patients were markedly different from those of healthy individuals. The abundance of Faecalibacterium, Prevotella, and Pseudomonas was significantly decreased, whereas that of Lachnoclostridium, Blautia, Haemophilus, Dorea, Peptococcus, and Tyzzerella was increased in HFpEF patients. These changes could have affected TMAO metabolism and SCFA production: TMAO and hydroxypyruvate levels were significantly higher, whereas isovaleric, methylbutyric, and propionic acids were significantly lower in HFpEF patients than in healthy individuals. The simulation with PICRUSt revealed that genes responsible for starch fermentation, SCFA production, and secondary bile acid metabolism were downregulated. Correlation analysis identified the involvement of microbiota changes and miRNAs 183-3p and 193b-3p. Conclusions Gut microbiome composition shifts in HFpEF patients impair biochemical functions, increase TMAO production, and decrease SCFA biosynthesis. The significant decrease in Faecalibacterium could have the most prominent effect on the host physiology. However, this needs to be determined by conducting experiments on animal models, because the mechanism by which the microbiota is associated with cardiac fibrosis development is not yet known.
Rezension: Dominik Elser, Die privatisierte Erfüllung staatlicher Aufgaben
Authors: Baumann Phil
Published: October 2020

Dominik Elser geht in seiner Dissertation der Frage nach, welche Probleme und Spielräume aus verfassungsrechtlicher Sicht auftreten, wenn staatliche Aufgaben privatisiert erfüllt werden. Die Untersuchung zeigt auf, dass Spielräumen in Bezug auf eine grössere Flexibilität, einzelfallgerechten Erfüllungsweisen und eine erhöhte Akzeptanz des staatlichen Handelns Probleme in Form von zusätzlichem Kontrollaufwand, Interessenkonflikten und einer erschwerten Erkennbarkeit des staatlichen Handelns gegenüberstehen.
Squamous cell carcinoma of an eyelid in a horse: A case report
Authors: K. Górski , B. Turek , O. Drewnowska , K. Kliczkowska-Klarowicz , J. Śmich , A. Rakowska , A. Bereznowski
Published: October 2020

The aim of this report is to describe a clinical case of squamous cell carcinoma in an 18-year-old horse. This tumor is one of the most common superficial oncological problems in these animals. A lesion in the lateral corner of the eye was already observed about 10 years earlier, but due to the lack of significant growth or alarming symptoms, no diagnostics or treatment was implemented. A year before surgery, an episode of acute inflammation in the eye and a slight enlargement of the nodule occurred. Initially, an autoimmune origin of the lesion was assumed, but anti-inflammatory and bactericidal treatment did not lead to a significant improvement. As a result of sampling for histopathological examination, the tumor doubled its volume, so, given the inefficacy of the subsequent anti-inflammatory and antibiotic therapy, the horse was sent to the clinic. A convex, painful lesion partially covering the cornea was found on arrival. In view of the rapid growth of the tumor and its infiltration of surrounding tissues, a decision was made to carry out transpalpebral enucleation. The procedure was performed under general anesthesia and with an additional retrobulbar block. Because of significant tissue tensions and the risk of hematoma, an intermittent horizontal mattress suture was used. The area was secured with a compression dressing. The horse returned to sport, and no recurrence of the tumor was observed up to 7 months after surgery. Histopathological examination confirmed squamous cell metaplasia forming keratin pearls, characteristic of squamous cell carcinoma.
Impact assessment of water and nutrient reuse in hydroponic systems using Bayesian Belief Networks
Authors: Zimmermann Martin , Fischer Michaela
Published: October 2020

Water-saving agricultural practices can reduce negative environmental impacts in water-scarce regions all over the world. This study deals with an innovation that combines hydroponic crop production and municipal wastewater reuse for irrigation purposes. The research question was what impacts such hydroponic water reuse systems have on product confidence, economic viability, groundwater recharge, biodiversity and landscape quality. It should also be clarified under which conditions and with which measures these systems can be sustainable. To answer these questions, a number of generic hydroponic water reuse systems were modeled and assessed using a Bayesian Belief Network that included both numerical values and expert knowledge. The hydroponic water reuse systems with the most positive overall impacts are small-scale food production systems (tomatoes) equipped with lighting and heating whose products are marked with a quality label or with a label for regional products. The systems are located in a former industrial area. In addition, a wetland system and landscape integration are implemented as landscaping measures. Hydroponic systems can be operated economically viable, their products have a high level of product confidence and their ecological impacts can be positive. No tradeoffs have to be accepted between economic, social and ecological goals.
Bollywood Film Industry as a Significant Factor in India’s Economy
Authors: Malij Gedara Koshila Suriyarathna
Published: October 2020

The article examines the Bollywood film industry as the main film industry in India. Its key role that contributes to the development of economy is analyzed. As a well-known component in global market the Bollywood industry has developed its own areas of production, financing, and distribution. Being the world’s leading film industry Bollywood is competing with other giants in the competitive market like Hollywood, Chinese and Japanese film industry. Therefore it’s worth studying Bollywood as an economical component comparing it with Hollywood as the biggest film industry in the world as well as considering the India’s economy features.
Forms and Methods of Providing Prompt Medical Care
Authors: Sakaeva Elvira Zinurovna
Published: October 2020

The author presents an organizational system of federal, regional, municipal and market services aimed at providing prompt medical care as a way to achieve the preservation of public health in case of sudden acute diseases, conditions, exacerbation of chronic diseases that pose a threat to human life or without obvious signs of a threat to human life. Methods of providing prompt medical care are analyzed on the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan.
The Northern Sea Route: The Need and Prospects for Transit of Raw Materials
Authors: Khorev Aleksey Mikhailovich
Published: October 2020

The prospects and problems of using the Northern sea route for transportation of raw materials are examined. The author makes an attempt to study the current state of the Northern sea route as the most important transport corridor of the Arctic region, and analyzes the existing problems that reduce the economic efficiency of cargo transit along the NSR. The ways to improve the efficiency of transportation of raw materials along the Northern sea route are reviewed. The author assesses the importance of the Arctic region for the Russian Federation as a whole, as well as he points out the need for its development in the near future.
Actuarial Evaluation of Late Losses: A Chain Ladder Model or a Generalized Linear Model of Rated Loss Increaments with a Poisson Distribution?
Authors: Tanyukhin Aleksey Vladimirovich
Published: October 2020

This article focuses on the equality of the estimated late losses resulting from the application of the chain ladder model to the estimates obtained on the basis of the incremental development triangle by cross-parameterizing the rated increments of losses with Poisson distributions using the generalized linear model. In this article, the formulas of the chain ladder model are derived by solving the problem of cross parameterization of rated increments of losses. Smaller accounting groups than the risk, along which the development triangle is formed, make conclusions about the possible bases for the sharing of reserves. This issue may be relevant for the further calculation of actuarial premiums.
Modern Approaches and Methods in Teaching English
Authors: Sinovats Marina Anatolevna
Published: October 2020

Teaching a foreign language includes two main components: to impart and to receive information. In practice, the teacher tries his best to convey the knowledge that he has. The use of innovative methods in educational institutions expands the rights and opportunities of both students and teachers. Innovative technologies contribute to the development of the country's human potential. With a number of educational opportunities available to students of the modern generation, new trends that have completely changed the face of the traditional education system have emerged. Recent trends in the methodology reflect the vitally important role of the education sector as a whole, with its internalization of the educational process, emphasis on quality, and increased use of new technologies. Theory and methods are constantly being developed in the field of ELT. The article presents well-known trends in ELT that have been practically used all over the world recently. New trends in foreign language teaching are becoming known as GTM, a communicative method.
Impact of the Lean Start up Method on Project Performance Indicators
Authors: Burmistrova Ekaterina Pavlovna
Published: October 2020

The article considers the Lean Startup method, highlights and reveals its features. Also, its provides a comparative analysis of this method with other approaches to project management. Special attention is paid to revealing the influence of the Lean Startup method on project performance indicators.
Proactive Actions Based on a Resilient Approach to Urban Seismic Risk Mitigation
Authors: Vona Marco
Published: October 2020

Background:

Seismic risk mitigation is an important issue in earthquake-prone countries, and needs to be solved in those complex communities governed by complex processes, where urban planning, socioeconomic dynamics, and, often, the need to preserve cultural assets are present simultaneously. In recent years, due to limited financial resources, mitigation activities have often been limited to post-earthquake events, and only a few in periods of inactivity, particularly in urban planning. At this point, a significant change in point of view is necessary.

Methods:

The seismic risk mitigation (and more generally, natural risk mitigation) must be considered as the main topic in urban planning and in the governance of communities. In fact, in several recent earthquakes, significant socioeconomic losses have been caused by the low or lack of resilience of the communities. This is mainly due to the high vulnerability of private buildings, in particular, housing units.

Results:

Therefore, in recent years, several studies have been conducted on the seismic resilience of communities. However, significant improvements are still needed for the resilience assessment of the housing stock, both qualitatively and quantitatively. In this study, which is applied to the housing system, a proposal regarding a change in urban planning and emergency management tools based on the concept of resilience is reported. As a first application, a case study in Italy is considered.

Conclusion:

The proposal is focused on defining and quantifying the improvement of the resilience of the communities and this must be obtained by modifying the current Civil Protection plan. New tools are based on a new resilience community plan by encompassing urban planning tools, resilient mitigation strategies, and consequently, emergency management planning.
Facile Eco-compactable Design for the Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Jagtap Pratik K. , Meher Rupesh K. , Biswal Madhuri M.
Published: October 2020

Background:

The synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles is a growing area of research interest due
to its potential in the applications and development of advanced technologies. Here, we have stressed
the Facile green synthesis approach that connects nanotechnology with biotechnology.

Methods:

The method involves the use of a biological reducing agent cum stabilizing agent (capping
agent). A comparative account of particle dimension and surface properties of the synthesized Nanoparticles
using Broccoli (Brassicaoleracea var. italica) extract is also presented.

Results:

The reduction process used in the synthesis was simple and convenient to handle and monitored
by UV-vis spectroscopy showing the absorbance maxima of various samples at 322 nm, 496 nm,
and 536 nm using different solvents. The presence of active proteins and phenolic groups present in biomass
before and after reduction was identified by FT-IR.

Conclusion:

The crystalline morphology and size of the nanoparticles were examined by TEM, SEM,
and X-ray diffraction studies, which showed the average particle size of Silver Nanoparticles in the
range of 40-50 nm, as well as revealed their FCC structure.
Dirk Schuck: Die Verinnerlichung der sozialen Natur
Authors: Flaig Carsten , Arendt Rosalie
Published: October 2020

Rezension zu: Dirk Schuck, Die Verinnerlichung der sozialen Natur. Zum Verhältnis von Freiheit und Einfühlung in der Sozialpsychologie des frühen Liberalismus bei Locke, Shaftesbury, Hume und Smith. Hamburg: Meiner 2019.
Lambert Wiesing: Ich für mich. Phänomenologie des Selbstbewusstseins
Authors: Dopatka Ulrich
Published: October 2020

Rezension von Lambert Wiesing, Ich für mich. Phänomenologie des Selbstbewusst­seins. Berlin: Suhrkamp 2020.
Proses pembelajaran dalam komunitas Joglo Tani
Authors: Yukti Cita Nirmala Dara , Wahyono Sugeng Bayu
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan pelaksanaan pembelajaran, faktor pendorong dan penghambat, dan petani memaknai proses pembelajaran di Joglo Tani. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi dan wawancara. Keabsahan data menggunakan ketekunan, pengamatan dan triangulasi sumber. Analisis data melalui pencatatan, reduksi, penyajian, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan berdasarkan skema teknologi pembelajaran mulai dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi menerapkan prinsip pedagogi kritis. Faktor pendorong yaitu ketersediaan donatur, lingkungan yang asri dan terciptanya suasana belajar yang bersifat kekeluargaan. Faktor penghambat yaitu belum tersedia tersedia internet dan kepercayaan masyarkat masih mengedepankan sekolah formal. Joglo Tani mempertegas posisi fasilitator dan warga belajar sederajat dalam peoses saling belajar.AbstractThis study aims to reveal the teaching implementation, the supporting and inhibiting factors, and the farmer's interpret the teaching process in Joglo Tani. This study is a descriptive qualitative approach. The data collection was done through interviews and observation. The data validation was through persistence field observation and source triangulation. The data analysis was through the stages of data recording, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. This study produced the instructional technology scheme that started from the planning, implementation, and evaluation that applies the principles of critical pedagogy. The supporting factors are the availability of donors, the beautiful environment, and the creation of a family-like learning atmosphere, while the inhibiting factors are the unavailability of the internet service and public trust who prioritize formal school. Joglo Tani reinforces the position of the instructor and participants in an equal position in the process of mutual learning.
Designing a smart system for building student’s schedule-An application at Neelain University
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul-Aziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia, Saeed Mozamel M. , Fahim Ahmed ,   Department of Computer Science, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul-Aziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia,   Faculty of Computers and Information, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
Published: October 2020

This paper aims to design a smart system for building student’s schedules based on a set of limitations and restrictions that can mainly contribute to the formation of student's schedules. Where the process of schedule formation, addition, and deletion is done automatically, this is our contribution. This system helps to raise the student's abilities, improves his academic achievement, and raises his rate. Moreover, it allows the student to delete and add a course based on his average and the number of hours recorded by the system, and the number of hours he is allowed to register, and some other restrictions. In this research, the courses of the study plan are classified according to the scientific content (nature of the course) into four main groups; 1-preservation materials, 2-understanding materials, 3-higher understanding materials, 4-applied materials. The system should take the academic record of each student and analyzes it for identifying the group where the student has higher academic achievement in comparison with the rest. The process of deletion and addition will be done taking into account the priority of adding the courses of the lower levels and the courses that are prerequisite for other courses at higher levels, and the priority of deletion of courses that do not affect other courses at higher levels. VB Application is used in the practical application of the system, where it succeeds in building student’s schedules for the computer department-university of Neelain, which contributed to enhancing the cumulative rate for the students, which reflect positively on the quality of the educational process.
Developing the Accuracy of Vital Sign Measurements Using the Lifelight Software Application in Comparison to Standard of Care Methods: Observational Study Protocol
Authors: Jones Thomas L , Heiden Emily , Mitchell Felicity , Fogg Carole , McCready Sharon , Pearce Laurence , Kapoor Melissa , Bassett Paul , Chauhan Anoop J
Published: October 2020

Background

Vital sign measurements are an integral component of clinical care, but current challenges with the accuracy and timeliness of patient observations can impact appropriate clinical decision making. Advanced technologies using techniques such as photoplethysmography have the potential to automate noncontact physiological monitoring and recording, improving the quality and accessibility of this essential clinical information.

Objective

In this study, we aim to develop the algorithm used in the Lifelight software application and improve the accuracy of its estimated heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and blood pressure measurements.

Methods

This preliminary study will compare measurements predicted by the Lifelight software with standard of care measurements for an estimated population sample of 2000 inpatients, outpatients, and healthy people attending a large acute hospital. Both training datasets and validation datasets will be analyzed to assess the degree of correspondence between the vital sign measurements predicted by the Lifelight software and the direct physiological measurements taken using standard of care methods. Subgroup analyses will explore how the performance of the algorithm varies with particular patient characteristics, including age, sex, health condition, and medication.

Results

Recruitment of participants to this study began in July 2018, and data collection will continue for a planned study period of 12 months.

Conclusions

Digital health technology is a rapidly evolving area for health and social care. Following this initial exploratory study to develop and refine the Lifelight software application, subsequent work will evaluate its performance across a range of health characteristics, and extended validation trials will support its pathway to registration as a medical device. Innovations in health technology such as this may provide valuable opportunities for increasing the efficiency and accessibility of vital sign measurements and improve health care services on a large scale across multiple health and care settings.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/14326
African American Emerging Adult Perspectives on Unintended Pregnancy and Meeting Their Needs With Mobile Technology: Mixed Methods Qualitative Study
Authors: Ingram Lucy Annang , Stafford Crystal , McCollum Quentin , Isreal McKenzie
Published: October 2020

Background

In the United States, a disproportionate number of unintended pregnancies occur among African Americans, particularly those in their later teenage years and early 20s. Mobile technology is becoming more ubiquitous as a method for health promotion; however, relatively little research has been done with this population to determine their perspectives about unintended pregnancy, the potential of successfully using mobile technology to prevent unintended pregnancy, and the content of such programs.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to obtain the perspectives of African American emerging adults about unintended pregnancy and the use of mobile technology to reduce unintended pregnancy rates.

Methods

Focus groups and interviews were conducted with 83 African Americans, aged 18-21 years. Data were analyzed using an open coding process. Emergent codes were then added as needed, and themes and subthemes were identified.

Results

Participants cited the social environment and lack of education as primary reasons for disproportionate rates of unintended pregnancy. They noted that unintended pregnancy is an important issue and that they desire more sexual health information. They enthusiastically supported mobile technology as a means to communicate unintended pregnancy prevention programming and offered many suggestions for program content, look, and feel.

Conclusions

Young and emerging adult African Americans want and need sexual health resources, and a mobile-based platform could be widely accepted and address needs to lower disproportionate rates of unintended pregnancy. An essential next step is to use these findings to inform the development of a mobile-based unintended pregnancy prevention and sexual health program prototype to determine feasibility.