bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Study of the Synchronization Effect between Geomagnetic Field Variations and Minute-Scale Heart-Rate Oscillations in Healthy People
Authors: Zenchenko Tatiana A. , Khorseva Natalia I. , Breus Tamara K.
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effect of human heart-rate synchronization with variations in the geomagnetic field (GMF) (“biogeophysical synchronization effect”). We analyzed 403 electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings of 100 or 120 min that were obtained in 2012–2023 from two middle-aged female volunteers in good health. The minute-value series of the GMF vector from the INTERMAGNET network was used. Each ECG recording was individually examined using cross-correlation and wavelet analysis. The findings from two separate experimental sets (306 recordings from Volunteer A and 97 from Volunteer B) displayed notable similarity in all aspects analyzed: (1) For both participants, the biogeophysical synchronization effect is observed in 40–53% of the recordings as a statistically significant (p < 0.0045) correlation between minute heart-rate (HR) time-series values and at least one of the horizontal components of the GMF, with a time shift between values of [−5, +5] min. (2) Wavelet analysis indicates that the spectra of the HR series and at least one GMF component exhibit similarity in 58–61% of cases. (3) The synchronization is most evident within the period range between 8–13 min. The probability of the synchronization effect manifestation was independent of the geomagnetic activity (GMA) level, which was recorded during the observations.
Evaluation of Multi-Source Precipitation Products in the Hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Sun Min , Liu Aili , Zhao Lin , Wang Chong , Yang Yating
Published: January 2024

High-resolution precipitation products have been crucial for hydrology, meteorology, and environmental ecosystems over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, these products are usually subject to systematic errors, which may vary with time and topographic conditions. The study evaluated the suitability of four satellite-derived products (GPM IMERG, GSMaP, CMORPH, and PERSIANN-CDR) and four fusion precipitation products (ERA5-Land, CHIRPS, CMFD, and TPHiPr) by comparing with 22 rain gauges at a daily scale from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2018 over the hinterland of the TP. The main findings are as follows: (1) TPHiPr and CMFD are better than the satellite-derived products, while the performance of CHIRPS is worse; (2) among the satellite-derived products, the quality of GPM IMERG is the highest on different time scales, and PERSIANN-CDR is better in the months of June to October, while GSMaP and CMORPH have poor performance; (3) the eight precipitation products have weaker detection capability for heavy precipitation events, and the quality of each product decreases with the increase in the precipitation threshold, while the rate of descent of fusion precipitation products is slower than that of satellite-derived products. This study demonstrates the performance of eight precipitation products over the hinterland of the TP, which is expected to provide valuable information for hydrometeorology applications.
Kidney Fibrosis and Oxidative Stress: From Molecular Pathways to New Pharmacological Opportunities
Authors: Patera Francesco , Gatticchi Leonardo , Cellini Barbara , Chiasserini Davide , Reboldi Gianpaolo
Published: January 2024

Kidney fibrosis, diffused into the interstitium, vessels, and glomerulus, is the main pathologic feature associated with loss of renal function and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Fibrosis may be triggered in kidney diseases by different genetic and molecular insults. However, several studies have shown that fibrosis can be linked to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in CKD. In this review, we will focus on three pathways that link oxidative stress and kidney fibrosis, namely: (i) hyperglycemia and mitochondrial energy imbalance, (ii) the mineralocorticoid signaling pathway, and (iii) the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway. We selected these pathways because they are targeted by available medications capable of reducing kidney fibrosis, such as sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and HIF-1alpha-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors. These drugs have shown a reduction in oxidative stress in the kidney and a reduced collagen deposition across different CKD subtypes. However, there is still a long and winding road to a clear understanding of the anti-fibrotic effects of these compounds in humans, due to the inherent practical and ethical difficulties in obtaining sequential kidney biopsies and the lack of specific fibrosis biomarkers measurable in easily accessible matrices like urine. In this narrative review, we will describe these three pathways, their interconnections, and their link to and activity in oxidative stress and kidney fibrosis.
A Multimode Microfiber Specklegram Biosensor for Measurement of CEACAM5 through AI Diagnosis
Authors: Liu Yuhui , Lin Weihao , Zhao Fang , Liu Yibin , Sun Junhui , Hu Jie , Li Jialong , Chen Jinna , Zhang Xuming , Vai Mang I. , Shum Perry Ping , Shao Liyang
Published: January 2024

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEACAM5), as a broad-spectrum tumor biomarker, plays a crucial role in analyzing the therapeutic efficacy and progression of cancer. Herein, we propose a novel biosensor based on specklegrams of tapered multimode fiber (MMF) and two-dimensional convolutional neural networks (2D-CNNs) for the detection of CEACAM5. The microfiber is modified with CEA antibodies to specifically recognize antigens. The biosensor utilizes the interference effect of tapered MMF to generate highly sensitive specklegrams in response to different CEACAM5 concentrations. A zero mean normalized cross-correlation (ZNCC) function is explored to calculate the image matching degree of the specklegrams. Profiting from the extremely high detection limit of the speckle sensor, variations in the specklegrams of antibody concentrations from 1 to 1000 ng/mL are measured in the experiment. The surface sensitivity of the biosensor is 0.0012 (ng/mL)−1 within a range of 1 to 50 ng/mL. Moreover, a 2D-CNN was introduced to solve the problem of nonlinear detection surface sensitivity variation in a large dynamic range, and in the search for image features to improve evaluation accuracy, achieving more accurate CEACAM5 monitoring, with a maximum detection error of 0.358%. The proposed fiber specklegram biosensing scheme is easy to implement and has great potential in analyzing the postoperative condition of patients.
Dual-Process Theory of Thought and Inhibitory Control: An ALE Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gronchi Giorgio , Gavazzi Gioele , Viggiano Maria Pia , Giovannelli Fabio
Published: January 2024

The dual-process theory of thought rests on the co-existence of two different thinking modalities: a quick, automatic, and associative process opposed to a slow, thoughtful, and deliberative process. The increasing interest in determining the neural foundation of the dual-process distinction has yielded mixed results, also given the difficulty of applying the fMRI standard approach to tasks usually employed in the cognitive literature. We report an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis to investigate the neural foundation of the dual-process theory of thought. Eligible studies allowed for the identification of cerebral areas associated with dual-process theory-based tasks without differentiating between fast and slow thinking. The ALE algorithm converged on the medial frontal cortex, superior frontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, insula, and left inferior frontal gyrus. These structures partially overlap with the cerebral areas recurrently reported in the literature about the neural basis of the dual-process distinction, where the PARCS theory-based interpretation emphasizes the role of the right inferior gyrus. The results confirm the potential (but still almost unexplored) common ground between the dual-process literature and the cognitive control literature.
Evidence for a Classical Dissociation between Face and Object Recognition in Developmental Prosopagnosia
Authors: Gerlach Christian , Starrfelt Randi
Published: January 2024

It is still a matter of debate whether developmental prosopagnosia is a disorder selective to faces or whether object recognition is also affected. In a previous study, based on a small sample of developmental prosopagnosics (DPs; N = 10), we found impairments in both domains although the difficulties were most pronounced for faces. Importantly, impairments with faces and objects were systematically related. We suggested that that the seemingly disproportional impairment for faces in DP was likely to reflect differences between stimulus categories in visual similarity. Here, we aimed to replicate these findings in a larger, independent sample of DPs (N = 21) using the same experimental paradigms. Contrary to our previous results, we found no disproportional effect of visual similarity on performance with faces or objects in the new DP group when compared to controls (N = 21). The new DP group performed within the control range, and significantly better than the old DP-group, on sensitive and demanding object recognition tasks, and we can demonstrate a classical dissociation between face and object recognition at the group level. These findings are perhaps the strongest evidence yet presented for a face-specific deficit in developmental prosopagnosia.
Effect of Participation Motivation in Sports Climbing on Leisure Satisfaction and Physical Self-Efficacy
Authors: Lee Sheng Yen , Kim Sa Man , Lee Ryang Suk , Park Ik Ryeul
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to verify the effects of participation motivation in sports climbing on leisure satisfaction and physical self-efficacy. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the causal relationships between participation motivation in sports climbing, leisure satisfaction, and physical self-efficacy, and to determine participation motivation. This study examined this causal relationship by verifying leisure satisfaction’s mediating effect on the relationship between participation motivation in sports climbing and physical self-efficacy. The participants of this study included 324 individuals over the age of 20 years with at least three months of sports climbing experience in the Seoul and Gyeonggi regions. The results indicated that among the subfactors of participation motivation in sports climbing, only skill acquisition and achievement positively affected leisure satisfaction, that leisure satisfaction positively affected physical self-efficacy, and that leisure satisfaction mediated the relationship between skill acquisition and achievement among the subfactors of participation motivation in sports climbing and physical self-efficacy. This study indicated that improved leisure satisfaction through sports climbing increases physical self-efficacy, including perceived improvement in physical abilities and confidence in interpersonal relationships. Accordingly, to expand and sustain participation, a systematic system for sports climbing instruction and educational programs is required to increase skill acquisition and a sense of accomplishment.
Evolution of Structure and Properties of SBS-Modified Asphalt during Aging Process
Authors: Cao Zhilong , Hao Qianlong , Qu Xin , Qiu Kexin , Zhao Ruiqi , Liu Qianyu
Published: January 2024

To explore the performance evolution mechanism of SBS-modified bitumen (SMB) during construction and service, the chemical structure, molecular weight and properties of styrene–butadiene–styrene triblock copolymer (SBS) and SMB under multiple aging levels were assessed via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). The results indicate that the polybutadiene segments in SBS are susceptible to oxidative degradation, and the molecular weight of SBS decreases rapidly during the aging process. The complex modulus and temperature sensitivity of SMB show relatively small changes during the early aging stage, which is mainly attributed to the impact of SBS oxidative degradation. While its temperature sensitivity decreases sharply after double PAV aging, it means the influence of asphalt aging on its performance is dominant. And there is a significant difference in the effect of aging on the creep recovery behavior of SMB under high and low shear stresses. The percentage recovery (R) of SMB decreases and then increases under low shear stress as aging progresses. While the value R of SMB increases gradually under high shear stress with the extension of aging. Meanwhile, the viscoelastic properties of SMB have gradually transformed to those of aged matrix asphalt after serious aging, which is also confirmed by the gradual destruction and degradation of the SBS cross-linked network in the binder from a fluorescence micrograph. This research will help to understand the performance failure mechanism of SMB during service, providing a theoretical reference for the selection of maintenance and renovation opportunities during the service process of SBS-modified asphalt pavement, as well as the avenue to achieve high-performance recycling.
Rainstorm Resistance of Recycled Pervious Concrete under the Coupling of Fatigue and Freeze–Thaw Cycles
Authors: Huang Kai-Lin , Song Yang , Sheng Yan-Min
Published: January 2024

In order to alleviate the increasing serious urban waterlogging problem, the rainstorm resistance of a new self-compacting recycled pervious concrete (NSRPC) under the coupling of freeze–thaw (F-T) and fatigue is studied. The once-in-a-century rainfall was simulated, and the rainstorm resistance of NSRPC was evaluated mainly through the ponding depth and drainage time. In addition, the mechanical properties (compressive strength and flexural strength), mass loss rate and relative dynamic elastic modulus of NSRPC during F-T and fatigue coupling were measured. The microstructure of NSRPC was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and its deterioration mechanism was analyzed. The results show that the fatigue load aggravates the F-T damage of NSRPC in the later stage. With the increase in the number of fatigue cycles, the loss rate of compressive strength and flexural strength of NSRPC increases continuously, and the permeability coefficient decreases first and then increases. With the increase in the number of freeze–thaw and fatigue cycles, the mass loss rate increases gradually, and the relative dynamic elastic modulus decreases gradually. After the coupling of fatigue and F-T cycles, the minimum mass loss of NSRPC is only 2.14%, and the relative dynamic elastic modulus can reach 86.2%. The increase in the number of fatigue cycles promotes the generation and expansion of micro-cracks and provides more channels for water to invade the matrix. Under the action of rainstorm in the 100-year return period, the maximum ponding depth of NSRPC with steel fiber content is 84 mm, and the drainage time is 7.1 min, which meets the needs of secondary highway. This study will provide theoretical basis for improving the service life and drainage capacity of urban drainage pavement in cold areas.
Solar-Assisted Heat Pump with Electric and Thermal Storage: The Role of Appropriate Control Strategies for the Exploitation of the Solar Source
Authors: Perrella Stefania , Bisegna Fabio , Bevilacqua Piero , Cirone Daniela , Bruno Roberto
Published: January 2024

In the EU, the building sector is responsible for 40% of the global energy consumption for final uses and 36% of the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Heat pumps allow for the replacement of conventional systems based on fossil fuels with the perspective of combining PV and solar thermal collectors. In order to rationalize the use of the solar source, this paper examined the self-consumption electricity share, the CO2 equivalent emissions, and the domestic hot water demand covered by renewable sources which were determined in two opposite climatic conditions. These involved both electric and thermal storage systems and considered two different control strategies. The first is commonly used for the management of air-conditioning systems, the second was specifically conceived to maximize the exploitation of the solar source. Results showed that the latter significantly reduced grid dependence in both locations, determining the direct satisfaction of 76% of the thermal and electric loads through the PV self-consumption, determined by 18 kWp of installed PV and a battery capacity of 24 kWh. In terms of equivalent CO2 emissions, when the two control strategies were compared, a remarkable reduction in emissions was registered for the latter, with percentages ranging between 8% and 36% as a function of PV surface and battery capacity. The analysis of domestic hot water supplies revealed disparities between the two localities: the colder first, relied more on heat pumps for water heating, while the warmer second, benefitted from the large availability of solar radiation.
Data Center Energy Evaluation Tool Development and Analysis of Power Usage Effectiveness with Different Economizer Types in Various Climate Zones
Authors: Kim Ji Hye , Shin Dae Uk , Kim Heegang
Published: January 2024

Data centers are energy-intensive facilities, with over 95% of their total cooling load attributed to the heat generated by information technology equipment (ITE). Various energy-saving techniques have been employed to enhance data center efficiency and to reduce power usage effectiveness (PUE). Among these, economizers using outdoor air for cooling are the most effective for addressing year-round cooling demands. Despite the simplicity of the load composition, analyzing data center cooling systems involves dynamic considerations, such as weather conditions, system conditions, and economizer control. A PUE interpretation tool was specifically developed for use in data centers, aimed at addressing the simplicity of data center loads and the complexity of system analysis. The tool was verified through a comparison with results from DesignBuilder implementing the EnergyPlus algorithm. Using the developed tool, a comparative analysis of economizer strategies based on the PUE distribution was conducted, with the aim of reducing the PUE of data centers across various climatic zones. The inclusion of evaporative cooling (EC) further improved cooling efficiency, leading to reductions in PUE by approximately 0.02 to 0.05 in dry zones. Additionally, wet zones exhibited PUE reductions, ranging from approximately 0.03 to 0.07, with the implementation of indirect air-side economizer (IASE). Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis were further conducted. The computer room air handler (CRAH) supply temperature and CRAH temperature difference were the most influential factors affecting the annual PUE. For the direct air-side economizer (DASE) and DASE + EC systems, higher PUE uncertainty was observed in zones 1B, 3B, 4B, and 5B, showing ranges of 1.17–1.39 and 1.15–1.17, respectively. In the case of the IASE and IASE + EC systems, higher PUE uncertainty was noted in zones 0A, 0B, 1A, 1B, and 2A, with ranges of 1.22–1.43 and 1.17–1.43, respectively. The distinctive innovation of the tool developed in this study is characterized by its integration of specific features unique to data centers. It streamlines the computation of cooling loads, thus minimizing the burden of input, and delivers energy consumption data for data center cooling systems with a level of precision comparable to that of commercial dynamic energy analysis tools. It provides data center engineers with a valuable resource to identify optimal alternatives and system design conditions for data centers. This empowers them to make informed decisions based on energy efficiency enhancements, thereby strengthening their ability to improve energy efficiency.
Possible Geometries for Precast Concrete Structures, through Discussing New Connections, Robotic Manufacturing and Re-Utilisation of the Concrete Elements
Authors: Baghdadi Abtin , Ledderose Lukas , Kloft Harald
Published: January 2024

This study explores the potential use of new connections to shape precast building geometries, focusing on connection performance, robotic fabrication, and foldable structural elements. Three connection types, including coupled-bolts, hinges, and steel tubes, were initially proposed and assessed in beam and portal frame geometries. In contrast, the study introduces conceptual ideas; initial experimental and numerical studies were conducted to estimate connection capacities. Robotic fabrication for connecting elements to reused concrete and converting floor elements into beams was detailed, showcasing robotic technology’s performance and potential. These connections were employed in designing new precast element geometries, ranging from simple beams to multi-story buildings. Geometric properties and volume quantities of folded and opened geometries were studied using 37 CAD models. To properly discuss the joint performance reference, monolithic elements with exact dimensions were created for comparison. Despite varied connection capacity (38% to 100%), the steel tube exhibited the most desirable performance, resembling a monolithic element with an exact size. Some proposed foldable geometries showed a significant reduction (up to 7%) in element dimensions to facilitate transport and construction.
The Clinical Significance of Myosteatosis in Survival Outcomes in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Sorafenib
Authors: Kang Min Kyu , Song Jeong Eun , Jang Se Young , Kim Byung Seok , Chung Woo Jin , Lee Changhyeong , Park Soo Young , Tak Won Young , Kweon Young Oh , Hwang Jae Seok , Jang Byoung Kuk , Lee Yu Rim , Park Jung Gil ,   on behalf of Daegu-Gyeongbuk Liver Study Group (DGLSG)
Published: January 2024

The role of body composition parameters in sorafenib-treated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients is still not fully elucidated. Here, we aimed to evaluate the impact of computed tomography (CT)-based body composition parameters on the survival of such patients. In this multicenter study, we analyzed the data of 245 sorafenib-treated HCC patients from January 2008 to December 2019. Sarcopenia, visceral obesity, and myosteatosis were defined by using cross-sectional CT images at the third lumbar vertebra level. The effects of these parameters on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated. The median age was 67.0 years (interquartile range: 61.0–78.0 year), and 211 patients (86.1%) were male. The median OS and PFS were 7.9 months and 4.8 months, respectively. Vascular invasion (hazard ratio (HR), 1.727; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.258–2.371; p = 0.001), extrahepatic metastasis (HR, 1.401; 95% CI, 1.028–1.908; p = 0.033), alpha-fetoprotein level > 200 ng/mL (HR, 1.559; 95% CI, 1.105–2.201; p = 0.012), and myosteatosis (HR, 1.814; 95% CI, 1.112–2.960; p = 0.017) were associated with OS. Patient mortality was significantly higher in the group with two or more risk factors than in the group with fewer risk factors. In conclusion, myosteatosis may be a novel prognostic CT-based radiological biomarker in sorafenib-treated HCC patients.
Proline Metabolism in WHO G4 Gliomas Is Altered as Compared to Unaffected Brain Tissue
Authors: Sawicka Magdalena M. , Sawicki Karol , Jadeszko Marek , Bielawska Katarzyna , Supruniuk Elżbieta , Reszeć Joanna , Prokop-Bielenia Izabela , Polityńska Barbara , Jadeszko Mateusz , Rybaczek Magdalena , Latoch Eryk , Gorbacz Krzysztof , Łysoń Tomasz , Miltyk Wojciech
Published: January 2024

Proline metabolism has been identified as a significant player in several neoplasms, but knowledge of its role in gliomas is limited despite it providing a promising line of pursuit. Data on proline metabolism in the brain are somewhat historical. This study aims to investigate alterations of proline metabolism in gliomas of WHO grade 4 (GG4) in the context of the brain. A total of 20 pairs of samples were studied, consisting of excised tumor and unaffected brain tissue, obtained when partial brain resection was required to reach deep-seated lesions. Levels of proline oxidase/proline dehydrogenase (POX/PRODH), Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductases (PYCR1/2/3), prolidase (PEPD), and metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9) were assessed, along with the concentration of proline and proline-related metabolites. In comparison to normal brain tissue, POX/PRODH expression in GG4 was found to be suppressed, while PYCR1 expression and activity of PEPD, MMP-2, and -9 were upregulated. The GG4 proline concentration was 358% higher. Hence, rewiring of the proline metabolism in GG4 was confirmed for the first time, with a low-POX/PRODH/high-PYCR profile. High PEPD and MMPs activity is in keeping with GG4-increased collagen turnover and local aggressiveness. Further studies on the mechanisms of the interplay between altered proline metabolism and the GG4 microenvironment are warranted.
CIC-DUX4 Chromatin Profiling Reveals New Epigenetic Dependencies and Actionable Therapeutic Targets in CIC-Rearranged Sarcomas
Authors: Bakaric Arnaud , Cironi Luisa , Praz Viviane , Sanalkumar Rajendran , Broye Liliane C. , Favre-Bulle Kerria , Letovanec Igor , Digklia Antonia , Renella Raffaele , Stamenkovic Ivan , Ott Christopher J. , Nakamura Takuro , Antonescu Cristina R. , Rivera Miguel N. , Riggi Nicolò
Published: January 2024

CIC-DUX4-rearranged sarcoma (CDS) is a rare and aggressive soft tissue tumor that occurs most frequently in young adults. The key oncogenic driver of this disease is the expression of the CIC-DUX4 fusion protein as a result of chromosomal rearrangements. CIC-DUX4 displays chromatin binding properties, and is therefore believed to function as an aberrant transcription factor. However, the chromatin remodeling events induced by CIC-DUX4 are not well understood, limiting our ability to identify new mechanism-based therapeutic strategies for these patients. Here, we generated a genome-wide profile of CIC-DUX4 DNA occupancy and associated chromatin states in human CDS cell models and primary tumors. Combining chromatin profiling, proximity ligation assays, as well as genetic and pharmacological perturbations, we show that CIC-DUX4 operates as a potent transcriptional activator at its binding sites. This property is in contrast with the repressive function of the wild-type CIC protein, and is mainly mediated through the direct interaction of CIC-DUX4 with the acetyltransferase p300. In keeping with this, we show p300 to be essential for CDS tumor cell proliferation; additionally, we find its pharmacological inhibition to significantly impact tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our study elucidates the mechanisms underpinning CIC-DUX4-mediated transcriptional regulation.
Effects of Combinatory In Vitro Treatment with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Cytarabine on the Anti-Cancer Immune Microenvironment in De Novo AML Patients
Authors: Bołkun Łukasz , Starosz Aleksandra , Krętowska-Grunwald Anna , Wasiluk Tomasz , Walewska Alicja , Wierzbowska Agnieszka , Moniuszko Marcin , Grubczak Kamil
Published: January 2024

Despite substantial progress in the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) still constitutes a significant problem for patients suffering from its relapses. A comprehensive knowledge of the disease’s molecular background has led to the development of targeted therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, and demonstrated beneficial effects on several types of cancer. Here, we aimed to assess in vitro the potential of the immune checkpoint blockage for supporting anti-cancer responses to the AML backbone therapy with cytarabine. PBMCs of AML patients were collected at admission and, following the therapy, eight complete remission (CR) and eight non-responders (NR) subjects were selected. We assessed the effects of the in vitro treatment of the cells with cytarabine and the immune checkpoint inhibitors: anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1. The study protocol allowed us to evaluate the viability of the cancer and the immune cells, proliferation status, phenotype, and cytokine release. Anti-PD-L1 antibodies were found to exert the most beneficial effect on the activation of T cells, with a concomitant regulation of the immune balance through Treg induction. There was no direct influence on the blast cells; however, the modulation of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis supported the expansion of lymphocytes. Changes in the response between CR and NR patients might result from the differential expression of PD-1 and PD-L1, with lower levels in the latter group. The tested blockers appear to support the anti-cancer immune responses rather than directly improve the effects of cytarabine. In conclusion, checkpoint proteins’ modulators might improve the anti-cancer responses in the tumour environment.
Rationale for Increasing Oncological Vigilance in Relation to Clinical Findings in Accessory Parotid Gland—Observations Based on 2192 Cases of the Polish Salivary Network Database
Authors: Wierzbicka Małgorzata , Bartkowiak Ewelina , Pietruszewska Wioleta , Stodulski Dominik , Markowski Jarosław , Burduk Paweł , Olejniczak Izabela , Piernicka-Dybich Aleksandra , Wierzchowska Małgorzata , Amernik Katarzyna , Chańko Alicja , Majszyk Daniel , Bruzgielewicz Antoni , Gazinska Patrycja , Mikaszewski Bogusław
Published: January 2024

The accessory parotid gland (APG, Vth level) differs in histological structure from main parotid tissue. This gives rise to the hypothesis, mirrored in clinical observations, that the representation of tumours is different than in the rest of the gland. The aim of the study was to analyse the epidemiological and histological differences of parotid tumours located in regions I–V, with particular emphasis on the distinctiveness of region V. To define the epidemiological factors that will indicate the risk of histological malignancy from clinically benign appearance, multicentre prospective studies conducted between 2017–2021 by five Head and Neck Surgery University Departments, cooperating within the Polish Salivary Network Database 1929 patients (1048 women and 881 men), were included. The age, gender, patient occupation, place of inhabitation, tumour size, clinical features of malignancy, histology, and facial nerve (FN) paresis were analysed for superficial (I_II) and deep (III_IV) lobes and with special regard to the tumours affecting region V. Twenty eight tumours were located exclusively in region V (1.45% total) and seventy-two tumours were found in region V exhibiting extensions to neighbouring regions (3.7% total), characterised as significantly younger and less frequent in retirees. In I–IV regions, approximately 90% of tumours were benign, with pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and Whartin tumour (WT) predominance. In region V, PA exceeded 75% but WT were casuistic (2/28). Incidences of malignancies in region V was 40% but clinical signs of malignancy were evident only in tumours > 4 cm or in the presence of FN paresis. In 19% of patients with a benign appearance, imaging revealed malignancy; however, 38% of patients showed false negative results both in terms of clinical and radiological features of malignancy. Logistic regression models in 28 patients with tumours located exclusively in region V vs. 1901 other patients and in 100 patients with V extension vs. 1829 other patients showed no clinical symptoms of malignancy binding with final malignant tumour histology as a single variable or in combination with other variables. The logistic regression models obtained in this study show strong linkage between tumour location and predictors (age, male gender, and tumour diameter) and also aimed to function as a good classifier. Our conclusion is that, despite the very clear image of the mid-cheek tumour which is easily accessible in palpation and ultrasound examination, it is necessary to improve oncological vigilance and preoperative patient preparation.
Enhancement of Stopping Power Ratio (SPR) Estimation Accuracy through Image-Domain Dual-Energy Computer Tomography for Pencil Beam Scanning System: A Simulation Study
Authors: Han Dong , Zhang Shuangyue , Chen Sixia , Hooshangnejad Hamed , Yu Francis , Ding Kai , Lin Haibo
Published: January 2024

Our study aims to quantify the impact of spectral separation on achieved theoretical prediction accuracy of proton-stopping power when the volume discrepancy between calibration phantom and scanned object is observed. Such discrepancy can be commonly seen in our CSI pediatric patients. One of the representative image-domain DECT models is employed on a virtual phantom to derive electron density and effective atomic number for a total of 34 ICRU standard human tissues. The spectral pairs used in this study are 90 kVp/140 kVp, without and with 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm additional tin filter. The two DECT images are reconstructed via a conventional filtered back projection algorithm (FBP) on simulated noiseless projection data. The best-predicted accuracy occurs at a spectral pair of 90 kVp/140 kVp with a 0.3 mm tin filter, and the root-mean-squared average error is 0.12% for tissue substitutes. The results reveal that the selected image-domain model is sensitive to spectral pair deviation when there is a discrepancy between calibration and scanning conditions. This study suggests that an optimization process may be needed for clinically available DECT scanners to yield the best proton-stopping power estimation.
Compliance with the WCRF/AICR Recommendations in Qualitative Adaptation and the Occurrence of Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Stasiewicz Beata , Wadolowska Lidia , Biernacki Maciej , Slowinska Malgorzata Anna , Stachowska Ewa
Published: January 2024

Purpose: The aim of the study was twofold: (1) the qualitative adaptation of the 2018 WCRF/AICR (QAd-WCRF/AICR) score, and (2) the assessment of the association between the level of compliance with the WCRF/AICR recommendations and the occurrence of breast cancer in peri- and postmenopausal women. Methods: This case–control study involved 420 women, aged 40–79 years, from northeastern Poland, including 190 newly diagnosed breast cancer cases. Data related to the WCRF/AICR recommendations were collected in face-to-face interviews with 409 women, including 179 women with breast cancer. The frequency of food consumption data were collected using the FFQ-6® and KomPAN® questionnaires. Body weight, height, and waist circumference were measured. The QAd-WCRF/AICR score (range: 0–8 points) was calculated on the basis of eight components, including two components from to the WCRF/AICR recommendations: (1) body mass index (BMI), and (2) waist circumference, with six components expressed qualitatively: (3) overall physical activity, as well as the frequency of the consumption of (4) vegetables/fruits/whole grains/nuts/seeds/legumes, (5) highly processed foods, including fast foods/sweets/instant soups, (6) red/processed meat, (7) sweetened/energy drinks, and (8) alcohol. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the occurrence of breast cancer. Results: The moderate (4–5 points) and maximal (6–8 points) compliance with the qualitative adaptation of the WRCF/AICR recommendations reduced the odds of breast cancer by 54% and 72%, respectively, compared to the results noted for minimal compliance (≤3 points). Lower odds of breast cancer were associated with moderate or high physical activity, consumption of a minimum of four serving per day of vegetables/fruits/whole grains/nuts/seeds/legumes, and limiting the consumption of highly processed food/fast foods and red/processed meat to a maximum of 1–3 times/month. Higher odds of breast cancer were associated with a higher waist circumference and alcohol abstinence. Conclusions: These findings may prove useful in establishing cancer prevention recommendations based on simple suggestions regarding the frequency of food consumption.
Mechanisms of Melanoma Progression and Treatment Resistance: Role of Cancer Stem-like Cells
Authors: Al Hmada Youssef , Brodell Robert T. , Kharouf Naji , Flanagan Thomas W. , Alamodi Abdulhadi A. , Hassan Sofie-Yasmin , Shalaby Hosam , Hassan Sarah-Lilly , Haikel Youssef , Megahed Mosaad , Santourlidis Simeon , Hassan Mohamed
Published: January 2024

Melanoma is the third most common type of skin cancer, characterized by its heterogeneity and propensity to metastasize to distant organs. Melanoma is a heterogeneous tumor, composed of genetically divergent subpopulations, including a small fraction of melanoma-initiating cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and many non-cancer stem cells (non-CSCs). CSCs are characterized by their unique surface proteins associated with aberrant signaling pathways with a causal or consequential relationship with tumor progression, drug resistance, and recurrence. Melanomas also harbor significant alterations in functional genes (BRAF, CDKN2A, NRAS, TP53, and NF1). Of these, the most common are the BRAF and NRAS oncogenes, with 50% of melanomas demonstrating the BRAF mutation (BRAFV600E). While the successful targeting of BRAFV600E does improve overall survival, the long-term efficacy of available therapeutic options is limited due to adverse side effects and reduced clinical efficacy. Additionally, drug resistance develops rapidly via mechanisms involving fast feedback re-activation of MAPK signaling pathways. This article updates information relevant to the mechanisms of melanoma progression and resistance and particularly the mechanistic role of CSCs in melanoma progression, drug resistance, and recurrence.
Catalytic Reductive Degradation of 4-Nitrophenol and Methyl orange by Novel Cobalt Oxide Nanocomposites
Authors: Bukhamsin Hawra A. , Hammud Hassan H. , Awada Chawki , Prakasam Thirumurugan
Published: January 2024

Cobalt oxide nanocomposites were synthesized and used for the catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and methyl orange (MO). Cobalt oxide nanocomposites PyroHAB9 was prepared by heating cobalt acetylacetonate complex HAB9 at 300 °C, while PyroHAB19 was prepared by heating cobalt acetylacetonate–carboxymethyl cellulose complex at 300 °C. FTIR indicated the presence of Co3O4 species, while Raman spectrum indicated the presence of graphite in PyroHAB19. The SEM morphology of nanocomposites exhibited irregular spherical shape nanoparticles with sizes ranging between 20 to 60 nm. Additionally, nanowires were also seen in HAB19. Also, 2Ɵ peaks in PXRD revealed the formation of Co3O4 in HAB19. Cyclic voltammetry indicated enhanced electrochemical redox activity of HAB19. The structures of the nanocomposites were related to their catalytic activities. The turnover frequency (TOF) values of the catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol (P-NP) and methyl orange (MO) were greater for HAB19 compared to HAB9 nano-catalysts. Also, the TOF values of the catalytic reduction of MO were greater than that of P-NP by both nano-catalysts. It is obvious that the rate constants of catalytic reductions for MO by metal oxide nanocomposites were greater than the corresponding rate constants for PNP. The highest rate constant was found for PyroHAB19 in MO reduction.
Tetrahedral Amorphous Carbon Coatings with Al Incorporation Deposited by a Hybrid Technique of Sputtering and Arc Evaporation
Authors: Dai Wei , Shi Yunzhan , Wang Qimin , Wang Junfeng
Published: January 2024

In this paper, tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) coatings containing Al were deposited by a hybrid technique of sputtering and arc evaporation. The influence of Al incorporation in the structure and properties of the ta-C coatings were studied as a function of the Al concentration. It is found that Al tends to form a Al-O-C bond when the Al concentration is small. An Al-C bond was detected when the Al concentration is high. Al can facilitate the graphitization of the ta-C coatings and the graphite cluster size as well as the sp2/sp3 ratio of the coatings increase as the Al concentration increases. The decline of the sp3 fraction causes the drop in the hardness of the coatings. The incorporation of Al can effectively decrease the residual stress of the ta-C coatings. During friction tests, Al can facilitate the formation of the sp2-rich graphitic tribo-layer and decrease the friction coefficient. Nevertheless, the decline of the hardness due to the Al incorporation will result in the increase in the wear rate of the coating. It is believed that the ta-C coating with a proper concentration of Al appears to achieve a good comprehensive performance with high hardness, low residual stress, and a low friction coefficient and wear rate.
Revolutionizing Construction Safety with Geopolymer Composites: Unveiling Advanced Techniques in Manufacturing Sandwich Steel Structures Using Formwork-Free Spray Technology
Authors: Le Van Su , Setlak Kinga
Published: January 2024

The article discusses the fabrication of sandwich steel and geopolymer structures using spray technology without the need for formwork. In the article, the effects of high temperatures on geopolymer materials are analyzed and their mechanical properties and durability are examined. The importance of geopolymer coatings for steel protection is also highlighted, and specific features such as the setting time, application process, attachment strength, fire testing, and production costs are analyzed. The materials and methods used in the study are described, including the composition of geopolymer binders and the process of applying geopolymer coatings to steel plates. The research includes test methods such as strength tests, density tests, thermal conductivity tests, accelerated aging tests, microstructure analyses, pore size analyses, and fire resistance tests. The research section concludes with a summary of the chemical and phase composition of the materials and a discussion of the fire resistance of the geopolymer composites (GCs). The results show that GC foams offer excellent thermal insulation, providing up to 75 min of fire resistance with a 6 mm coating, reducing temperatures by 150 °C compared to uncoated steel. GC foams have a density of 670 kg/m3, a thermal conductivity of 0.153 W/m∙K, and a cost effectiveness of USD 250 per cubic meter.
Visible Light Activation of Gold Nanoparticles Embedded into Titanium Dioxide Surface in Electrospun Polymeric Coatings
Authors: Sandua Xabier , Rivero Pedro J. , Calvopiña Jonathan , Palacio José F. , Rodríguez Rafael
Published: January 2024

This work reports the development of a functional photocatalytic coating based on a combination of polymeric electrospun fibres and nanoparticles that is intended to be activated in the visible light range. In this sense, the resulting fibres can act as an effective matrix for the incorporation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles, which are covered by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), in the outer surface of the metal oxide precursor. In the first step of the process, the optical properties of the nanoparticles were determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The extension of the visible absorption can be associated to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the metallic AuNPs. In addition, the resultant particle size distribution and average particle diameter was evaluated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. Furthermore, the phase composition and porosity of the functional particle powder were analysed by an XRD and N2 adsorption test. In the second step, these synthesized particles have been successfully immobilized into a PAA + β-CD electrospun fibre matrix by using the two different deposition methods of dip-coating and solution-casting, respectively. The morphological characterization of the samples was implemented by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showing uniform and homogeneous, free-beaded fibres with a random distribution of the synthesized particles deposited onto the electrospun fibres. Then, the functional coatings were removed from the substrate, and a thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis was carried out for each sample in order to obtain the precursor mass immobilized in the coating. Once the overall mass of precursor was obtained, the percentage of TiO2 particles and AuNPs in the precursor was calculated by using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Finally, the photocatalytic activity of both functional solution and electrospun coatings were evaluated in terms of a gradual degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) dye after continuous exposition to a visible-light lamp.
The Effects of Indium Additions on Tribological Behavior of Spark Plasma Sintering-Produced Graphene-Doped Alumina Matrix Composites for Self-Lubricating Applications
Authors: Puchý Viktor , Podobová Mária , Sedlák Richard , Falat Ladislav , Džunda Róbert , Kromka František , Dusza Ján
Published: January 2024

Alumina (Al2O3) ceramics are interesting for low-weight and mid-high temperature applications. The addition of indium (In) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) can be used to reduce the density and modify the functional properties and mechanical performance of the ceramic matrix. GNP and In-reinforced Al2O3 matrix composites were prepared by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. Monolithic Al2O3 and Al2O3 matrix composites with either 5 or 10 wt.% of In and 2 wt.% of GNPs (Al2O3-5In-2GNPs and Al2O3-10In-2GNPs) were compacted into disc-shaped samples. The microstructure was studied and characterized with light-optical microscopy (LOM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Hardness was determined using the Vickers technique and tribological properties were studied by the ball-on-disk method. The coefficient of friction (COF) and specific wear rates were evaluated from tribological tests. Worn surfaces were studied by SEM and confocal microscopy. Interdiffusion transition regions were formed among individual microstructural constituents (Al2O3, In, GNPs) under high sintering temperatures, which were responsible for the balanced hardness and low porosity of the produced composites. The addition of In and graphene nanoplatelets resulted in smaller COF and wear rates indicating good improvement in the tribological behavior. The prepared Al2O3-5In-2GNP and Al2O3-10In-2GNP composites represent promising nanocomposites for self-lubricating applications.