bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chest radiographic findings and their correlation with disease progression in COVID-19 patients in northern India
Authors: Agarwal Neema , Jain Payal , Khan Tooba N. , Gupta Rakesh
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

The present study was undertaken to describe and quantify the spectrum of radiographic findings on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. The study also aimed to analyse the changes in chest X-ray (CXR) with disease progression.

Methods:

COVID-19 patients admitted between the period of 15 March 2020 and 1 July 2020 were retrospectively enrolled. CXR images were assessed and reported as ‘Normal’ or ‘Abnormal’. A severity score was calculated using Warren et al.’s Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema scoring. Correlations of the severity score thus calculated were sought with age, sex, clinical manifestations and presence of comorbidities.

Results:

Five hundred patients (342 males, 158 females) were enrolled, median age being 35 years. Fever and cough were the most common symptoms but significant correlation of an abnormal CXR was found with dyspnoea. CXRs were normal in 67% and abnormal in 33% patients. The commonest comorbidities were diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease including hypertension, coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure. Predominant pattern was ground glass opacities, reticular alteration and consolidation peaking in the second week from symptom onset. The most frequent distribution was bilateral, peripheral with middle/lower predominance. Increasing age, male sex, presence of dyspnoea and comorbidities correlated with abnormal findings on CXR. Critical illness and mortality correlated strongly with increasing age, male sex and presence of dyspnoea, less so with presence of comorbidities.

Conclusion:

In the current scenario with clinicians and radiologists working in tandem, CXR seems to be a promising tool in providing relevant information in a simplified way.
Hemopneumothorax due to subacute right ventricular perforation by a pacemaker lead with subtle clinical presentation
Authors: Otaal Parminder S. , Budakoty Sudhanshu , Kumar Rupesh , Singhal Manphool K.
Published: February 2022

Subacute right ventricular perforation by a pacemaker lead is a rare complication. Although occasionally asymptomatic, complicated cases are usually evidently symptomatic. Here, we report a 70-year-old man presented with mild left-sided chest pain three days after permanent pacemaker implantation. Suspected of ventricular perforation by the pacemaker lead on chest X-ray, device interrogation revealed non-corroborative parameters. This warranted a computed tomography (CT) scan, which confirmed the diagnosis, detected hemopneumothorax, and helped plan surgical intervention. The patient underwent surgical management with the placement of an epicardial pacemaker lead and was discharged after five days. Our case illustrates a rare report of subtle clinical presentation in a patient with subacute right ventricular perforation by a pacemaker lead complicated by hemopneumothorax. It further recapitulates the role of CT scan in providing definitive diagnostic information in managing such a patient. Anticipation of such a presentation is essential for primary care physicians, who are often a first contact point for a patient in the community. This requires a high index of suspicion in such patients presenting with minimal symptoms. Early recognition and timely referral by a family physician may prevent untoward consequences of device-related complications.
Coverage vs Utilization of integrated child services scheme (ICDS): A community based study in urban block of Patiala, Punjab (India)
Authors: Jain Ira , Singh Amarjit , Chaturvedi Ruchi , Balgir Rajinder S.
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme provides a wide range of health, nutrition and education services to children, women and adolescent girls. Maternal satisfaction usually influences service uptake and utilization. Therefore, in addition to coverage, the quality of services provided and end-user satisfaction need to be assessed.

Material and Methods:

A cross-sectional community-level study was conducted in the urban block of the Patiala district in Punjab. A total of 54 AWCs were selected from a sample frame of 222 by applying a systematic random sampling technique. From each selected AWC, 20 mothers of registered beneficiaries (0–6 years) were randomly selected for interview. The data collected was entered and analysed using SPSS version 22.

Results:

The present study revealed that most of the Anganwadis (87.19%) were regularly open for the provision of various ICDS services. However, only 48.02% of children received supplementary nutrition from AWC regularly. Only 32.36% of children who were sick were referred by AWW. Satisfaction with quantity and quality of food served was found to be 61% and 45.90% among mothers, respectively.

Conclusion:

It was concluded that there is a need to improve the quality of services to overcome the problem of under-utilisation of services despite the wide coverage of ICDS services; regular orientation and training courses for AWWs should be conducted to ensure better service delivery to all beneficiaries.
Non-communicable disease risk factors among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) – A relook during the covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Patil Shailaja S. , Hiremath Ravishekar N. , Viswanath HM Kasi , Kadam D. B.
Published: February 2022

Background:

The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in syndemic due to factors like overcrowding, loneliness, poor nutrition, and lack of access to health care services. With the ongoing pandemic, people with NCDs, including PLHA, are at high risk for developing severe and even fatal Covid-19 infections. Our study, which was carried out prior to the pandemic gives us an insight into the NCD risk factors profile of PLHAs so that effective interventions could be initiated to protect them from Covid-19 severity and NCDs.

Materials And Methods:

A prospective study was carried out among PLHA in western Maharashtra, where PLHA were selected from five ART centers by means of a systematic random sampling method. Data were collected by means of a pretested questionnaire to assess NCD risk factors and anthropometric measurements were done. Data were collected at the baseline during the time of ART initiation and then after one year. Analysis was done by means of SPSS software (version 20.0). Results: The mean age of the study participants was 41.73 years. 59% belonged to rural areas, 21% were illiterate, and 12% belonged to the lower class as per the Modified BG Prasad scale. 33% were laborers by occupation, 66% were married, and 22% were widowed. At baseline, during the start of ART, 26% of the subjects were found to be overweight or obese, 36% had tobacco or smoking habits, and 15% had alcohol consumption habits. Even after one year, despite repeated counseling, about 32% of the subjects were found to be overweight or obese, 28% had tobacco and 8% had alcohol consumption habits, pointing to the need to integrate NCD prevention measures, such as screening routinely as per the national program, even in the PLHAs. 34% had normal BMI, while 35% were underweight, 14% overweight, and 17% obese after one year. 24% of PLHA had abnormal waist circumference at the end of one year.

Conclusion:

These findings indicate the incorporation of early screening for NCD risk factors among PLHA and effective behavior change communication (BCC) strategies to prevent and manage the same at the earliest before it can aggravate the already compromised immune status in these subjects, particularly during this Covid 19 pandemic. It will also act as a guiding article for family physicians or primary care physicians to help them look at specific basic parameters while screening of NCDs among PLHAs.
A 17-year-old indwelling ureteral stent with large vesical calculus at one end: The tombstone of a forgotten Double “J” stent
Authors: Ghorai Rudra P. , Talwar Harkirat S. , Mittal Ankur , Narain Tushar A. , Panwar Vikas K.
Published: February 2022

Objective:

To highlight the presentation and management of a 17-year-old forgotten ureteral stent with a large vesical calculus at one end, a very rare yet devastating complication of ureteral stenting.

Case Presentation:

A 65-year-old gentleman presented with complaints of lower urinary tract symptoms for two years with a history of ureterolithotomy done 17 years ago. Imaging revealed a forgotten ureteral stent embedded in a large vesical calculus. He underwent a percutaneous cystolithotomy with removal of the forgotten stent.

Conclusion:

DJ stent is commonly used in urologic practice. It is a double-edged sword as it can lead to severe morbidity in patients who have forgotten stent. Knowledge of DJ stent-related complications and need of timely removal will help primary care physician in providing better health care. Proper counselling of patients before and after the placement of stent and maintenance of stent registries play a major role in avoiding this dreadful complication.
Epidemiological Profile of Tobacco Users Attending a Tobacco Cessation Centre at Puducherry, India
Authors: Saravanan S. , Lenin Kuppusamy Rajagopal
Published: February 2022

Background:

Tobacco is a major health burden and an effort has been made to help users to quit tobacco by establishing a tobacco cessation centre in our Institution. A knowledge on the extent of distribution of tobacco use across the various sub-groups of the users would provide clues to behavioural patterns.

Objective:

To describe the epidemiological profile of tobacco users and to provide a baseline data about the attendees of the cessation centre.

Materials and Methods:

The data for the present descriptive evaluation were collected by reviewing of case records of participants enrolled from April 2014 to March 2015. Data on demographic characteristics, tobacco use details, substance use details and geographic profile were evaluated. Descriptive statistics were used to present the data using number and percentage.

Results:

Of the 621 current tobacco users, 95.5% were of male gender. Most participants were married (79.4%), literates (84.9%) and were in the fourth decade of life. 78.1% were exclusive Smokers, 18.2% were exclusive Smokeless tobacco (SLT) users and 3.7% were dual form users. “Peer pressure” was the major reason for initiation of the habit. “Cigarette” was used by 65% of the Smokers and “Betel quid with tobacco” was used by 36.6% of the SLT users. 86.1 and 13.9% of the Puducherry residents were smokers and SLT users respectively. “Oral potentially malignant disorders” were noted in 8% of the users.

Conclusion:

The observations of the present evaluation provide a baseline data which may serve as a starting point for future epidemiological enquiry.
Antiplaque Efficacy of Toothpaste – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Nachu Sneha , Ravoori Srinivas , Pachava Srinivas
Published: February 2022

Background:

Different toothpastes of the corresponding active ingredients could have variable extent of effectiveness; this raises the amount of choices with the marketplace for toothpaste containing these agents and makes it more difficult to gauge their effectiveness. Therefore, the purpose of this systemic review and meta-analysis was to gauge the antiplaque efficacy of different toothpaste agents in studies involving randomized clinical trials published over a span of January 2015-May 2020.

Materials and Methods:

A comprehensive and systematic electronic search via PubMed, TRIP, Cochrane, and Google scholar prompted in 593 articles. Subsequently screening titles and abstracts for applicability, 31 Randomized controlled trial (RCT) articles were enclosed in the review. With the aid of the Cochrane Collaboration's tool, the risk of bias of each study was assessed.

Results:

A total of 2467 individuals partake in 31 RCT studies. Triclosan toothpaste was superior over sodium fluoride/monofluorophosphate toothpaste (standard mean difference, SMD − 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] (2.81–0.10),P= 0.007) in plaque reduction. Long-term utilization of stannous fluoride toothpastes reduced dental plaque superior than monofluorophosphate toothpaste (SMD − 0.61, 95% (CI 1.04–0.18),P= 0.005). There was no discernible difference in plaque reduction.

Conclusion:

Within the confines of the current study's limitations (which embody the severe imbalance within the quantity of evidence), once scrutiny among products, triclosan and stannous fluoride in dentifrices seem to be the foremost efficacious plaque controlling active agents.
Perceptions of Health-Care Workers to Educate Community About Oral Cancer and its Risk Factors in Chikkaballapur District
Authors: Shwetha K. M. , Ranganath K. , Krishnappa Pushpanjali
Published: February 2022

Background:

Health-care workers form the strong linkage between the health-care system and the community they belong. The glaring maldistribution of dental workforce in rural areas with higher prevalence of oral cancer warrants the need for involving health-care workers for playing an active role in the prevention of oral cancer.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to study the perceptions and attitude of the health-care workers in creating the awareness on oral cancer and its associated risk factors to the community they serve.

Settings and Design:

Chikkaballapur District and Qualitative research.

Subjects and Methods:

Since the aim was to assess the perceptions and attitude, qualitative research method adopting ethnography strategy was conducted. The data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs). The FGDs were carried out on the informed schedules with health workers to know their perceptions and attitude. The tools used were semistructured interview/discussion guides.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The codes were extracted by the deductive approach, and data analysis was done using the Spradley's method (1979) for Ethnography. This includes domain analysis, componential analysis, and identifying themes.

Results:

A total of 44 key informants and health workers were involved and more than 250 codes emerged after inductive coding. Eleven domains and three themes were identified reflecting the participants' compassion to serve people. Three themes emerged from the FGDs are: (i) Perception that oral cancer can be prevented, (ii) Recognition of the myths and practices associated with the disease and its treatment, and (iii) Motivation to educate people in their villages.

Conclusions:

Health workers perceived oral cancer was preventable and showed positive attitude to help their rural community by educating about OC and its risk factors.
Factors Influencing the Acceptance of Online Teaching Among Dental Students During COVID-19 Crisis in India
Authors: Atri Mansi , Oberoi Sukhvinder Singh , Sharma Nilima
Published: February 2022

Aim and Objectives:

The present study assessed the perceived barriers as well as the preferences of the students toward the mode of education in the current scenario.

Material and Methods:

The study investigators developed a self-administered questionnaire using Google Forms® (Google LLC, Mountain View, CA) and were E-mailed to their respective E-mail ids and were informed telephonically about the survey. This survey was done among the BDS students of public health-care sector dental colleges in Delhi and the final data included 440 BDS dental students. Chi-square test was used to assess the association of the various factors among BDS students.

Results:

Higher response was obtained for Classroom Teaching for the 1st year students (65.6%) and Online Teaching for final year students (37.3%). The preference for online teaching over classroom teaching and understanding for the subject with your online classes was significantly better among final-year students (61.3%). The most common barrier experienced by the students was Network issue/poor range (52.5%) followed by understanding (17.0%) and excessive number of classes/Too long classes (10.2%).

Conclusion:

The present study showed that the 1st year dental students who just passed from the school had difficulty adapting to the Education via communication media. While the final year students were in a better position for adapting to the new system of learning.
Effectiveness of Game-Based Oral Health Education Method on Oral Hygiene Performance of 12-Year-Old Private School Children in Lucknow City
Authors: Kashyap Panchali , Reddy L. Vamsi Krishna , Sinha Pooja , Verma Ila , Adwani Jyoti
Published: February 2022

Background:

Health education is a part of health promotion and disease prevention measures to improve the oral health and well-being of all children. When education and entertainment are combined to make the process of learning a joyful one, it facilitates and reinforces child's learning in a thought-provoking and self-motivating format.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of conventional and game-based oral health education on oral hygiene performance of 12-year-old private school children of Lucknow city.

Materials and Methods:

The study population aged 12 years comprised 160 participants. This was followed by a school survey in which the 12-year-old school children were randomly assigned into two groups: Group A and Group B after the necessary inclusion and exclusion criteria. A pretest evaluation of their knowledge regarding oral health and the estimation of debris index simplified and plaque index was carried out. Children in Group A were given oral health education through PowerPoint presentation once daily for 7 days. Children in Group B were educated through the play method (i.e., crosswords and quiz with PowerPoint presentation). The evaluations regarding oral health-related knowledge were done using pretested, predetermined questionnaire, and debris scores, and plaque scores were recorded using debris index simplified component of OHI-S by (J. C Green and Jack R Vermillion 1964) and Plaque Index by Loe H (1967), respectively, on postintervention 1, 3, and 6 months. Statistical analysis was done using the t-test and ANOVA test which was carried out using the SPSS software version 21.0 for Windows, and the value ofP< 0.001 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

In Group B, high knowledge scores of 4.05, 4.73, and 6.02 were obtained on postintervention 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively. In both the groups, there was a significant increase in good oral hygiene scores and a significant decrease in debris scores and plaque scores on postintervention 1, 3, and 6 months' follow-up, but much better scores were seen in group B compared to Group A at both the follow-ups.

Conclusion:

As the knowledge scores of children increased and debris score and plaque score decreased considerably, thereby the implementation of game-based oral health education program is an easy and effective method in improving the oral health and preventing oral diseases.
Addiction and Usage of Social Media Among Dental Students Studying in Dental Institute of Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Varshney Shivangi , Menon Ipseeta , Gupta Ritu , Sharma Anubhav , Arora Vikram , Bashir Sana
Published: February 2022

Background:

Social media is frolicking as an utmost priority in today's livelihood, and it is such a milieu today to see people browsing and surfing social networking sites, reading blogs, or chatting by using laptops, mobile phones, or other sophisticated devices anywhere and at any time and enjoying with their favorite social apps – Facebook, WhatsApp, YouTube, etc.,

Aim:

The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of social media usage and addiction among dental students.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was done among 360 students of a dental teaching institute in Uttar Pradesh, India. A questionnaire was prepared which had three sections - related to demographic details and usage and frequency of social media apps based on “Social Media Addiction Scale,” developed by Arslan A and Kırık. These were used as the data collection tool to measure social media addiction among dental students. Responses were recorded in 5-point Likert scale – strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, and strongly disagree. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 23.

Results:

Out of total 360 participants, 276 (76.70%) were female while 84 (23.30%) were male. 238 (66.11%) were undergraduates (UGs) followed by 122 (33.89%) postgraduates (PGs). A significantly higher number of UGs were engaged with their patients in personal conversation on social media platform, while a significantly higher number of PGs believed that social media had a positive effect on dentistry. Questions on social media addiction scale by Arslan A and Kırık revealed that out of total study participants, 48.7% of UGs agree on the belief that new media technologies change human life, whereas 39.4% of PGs agree on the same and the result was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion:

Social media networking sites and apps have attracted students in its digital web and hold strong position with new horizons whether in comprehensive or educational, interacting, entertainment, or spending leisure time.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Safety Laboratory Measures During COVID-19 Pandemic – A Cross-Sectional Study Among Oral Pathologists in Kerala
Authors: Deepthi Plakkil Viswanathan , Shameena P. M. , Varma Sujatha , Navajeevraj M. N.
Published: February 2022

Background:

SARS-CoV-2 has high affinity for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors in the oral mucosa. Oral pathologists are at the risk of laboratory.acquired infections as they deal with these oral biopsy specimens.

Aims:

This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of safe laboratory measures by oral pathologists working in histopathologic laboratories in different regions of Kerala.

Settings and Design:

The study was cross-sectonal online questionnaire based.

Materials and Methods:

The study was cross-sectional online questionnaire based. The study group consisted of practicing oral pathologists and those who are pursuing postgraduation in oral pathology. The questionnaire consisted of 30 questions to analyze the KAP related to the basic information about the disease and the laboratory precautions to be taken during the pandemic. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS version 25. Chi-squared test and independent sample t.test were applied to compare the differences in KAP by demographic characteristics. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Pearson's rank correlation test was used to assess the correlation between KAP (P < 0.05).

Results:

The survey revealed that 95% of the participants had sufficient knowledge (7.259 ± 1.282), and all the participants had positive attitude regarding coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. 70.5% of the participants followed good practice (7.914 ± 2.330) of safety laboratory measures.

Conclusions:

Our survey has found gaps in some aspects of knowledge and practice that should be emphasized in future training programs.
Care Sought and Normative Need Assessment for Dental Caries Among Rural Adults in Jeelugumelli Mandal, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Palli Chinna Babu , Pachava Srinivas , Shaik Parveen Sultana , Ravoori Srinivas , Yaddanapalli Suresh Chand , Lodagala Asha
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Different rates of dental caries prevalence are experienced among different populations due to the influence of various demographic, political, and socioeconomic factors.

Aim:

To assess the prevalence of dental caries, the type of self-care remedies utilized, and normative needs assessment among rural adults residing in Jeelugumelli Mandal, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 800 adults by using a multi-stage random sampling technique in Jeelugumelli Mandal, West Godavari District, India. Data were collected using a pretested pro forma consisting of questionnaire-related demographics, traditional care, and clinical examination which was investigated by a single examiner to record caries experience (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth [DMFT]) using WHO 1997 criteria. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, Version 20.0. Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Multivariate Linear Regression analysis tests were used and the level of significance was set atP≤ 0.05.

Results:

Mean DMFT value of the study population was 10.29 ± 4.806 and 33.4% of the subjects had used home remedies related to plant origin. The majority of the study population required surgical need (Extractions) with a mean value of 4.23 ± 5.553 and compared with unskilled workers, unemployed workers had 2.8 units higher chances of having caries (R = 2.810 confidence interval [CI] 1.876–3.744) while it was 5.031 units lesser for professionals in having caries (R = −5.031 CI [−4.16] – [−5.901]).

Conclusion:

Dental caries prevalence and normative needs for dental caries were high in the adult population residing in Jeelugumelli Mandal and most of the individuals are depending on self-care procedures to relieve pain.
Assessment of Knowledge and Practice of Lasers Among Dental Professionals of Central India – An Online Questionnaire-Based Survey
Authors: Gupta Vineeta , Mishra Supriya , Sangha Kuldip Singh , Rahman Waheda , Goswami Varsha , Thakkar Vallabh
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

The invention of the laser has sparked the interest of many people throughout history. It is critical to have a thorough understanding of laser use, different types of lasers, and which type of laser is suitable for each case to use laser safely and effectively in various dental fields.

Aim:

The objective of the study is to assess the knowledge and understanding of the application of lasers and their preferred choices among different procedures in dentistry among dental professionals of Central India.

Materials and Methods:

An online questionnaire-based survey was carried out among dental professionals of Central India. A questionnaire was developed using Google Forms and shared with respondents via WhatsApp and mail. Collected data were analyzed using Stata Version 16 software. The relevance of study parameters on a categorical scale was determined using Chi-square analysis.Pvalue was set at 0.05 as the level of significance.

Results:

Out of 350 respondents, about 15.4% of dental surgeons were currently using lasers and 75.7% of participants were interested in using lasers. Potential barriers reported were: High cost, procedure sensitivity, and health risks.

Conclusion:

Lasers need comprehensive training in both theoretical and applied. Incorporating laser education into undergraduate courses may provide students with an early opportunity to learn about and practising with lasers.
Discernment in Practicing Nonpharmacological Modes of Intervention in Combating SARS COVID-19
Authors: Yaddanapalli Suresh Chand , Shaik Parveen Sultana , Pachava Srinivas , Ravoori Srinivas , Potluri Raja Sekhar
Published: February 2022

Background:

As a massively polarizing practice, concealing or face covering has emerged in the midst of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Given the increasing speculation regarding therapeutic control measures, nonpharmacological approaches offer promising successful mitigation in the battle against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) COVID-19. The evaluation of public capacity, prospects, and actions offers recommendations for public oversight of the implementation of prevention activities. Hence, this investigation was aimed to explore the discernment in practicing nonpharmacological modes of intervention in combating SARS COVID-19 among a group of people, dental patients.

Materials and Methods:

A pictorial questionnaire survey was done using convenience sampling, aimed at participants visiting the triage facility of the institution to capture their discernment in practicing nonpharmacological modes of intervention for 3 months.

Results:

A total of 6015 individuals with a mean age of 35.44 ± 14.20 years participated in the study. The majority of the participants were in the age group of 18–30 years (n = 2340, 38.9%) with female (n = 3105, 51.6%) and urban (n = 3745, 62.3%) predominance. Most of the study participants had purchased cloth masks (n = 2980, 49.5%) and had spent about 10–50 INR per mask (n = 4050, 80.6%). Patients have reported that the usage of a mask (n = 1330, 22.1%) was the most difficult measure to follow and also stated that sanitizing hands (n = 2505, 41.6%) was the easiest measure to follow during this pandemic. Crowding in the market (n = 2255, 37.5%) and placing masks around the neck (n = 735, 12.2%) were infringements served in their surroundings. Irrespective of educational qualification touching the outer area of the mask was the most common noncompliance reported by the participants which were statistically significant (P = 0.0001).

Conclusion:

The study participants have divulged that usage of masks and following social distance in public transport were the most difficult preventive measures of SARS COVID-19 to follow. Evaluating the attitudes of public in preventive procedures for COVID-19 can pave the way to make comprehensive guidelines.
Mature cystic teratoma in a peripubertal girl
Authors: Kumari Pratibha , Kumari Satya , Rani Jyotsna , Abhilashi Kavya , Pankaj Sangeeta , Choudhary Vijayanand , Jaiswal Supriya
Published: February 2022

Giant ovarian mature cystic teratomas (MCTs) are sparsely reported and that too at extreme of age like in premenarchal or postmenopausal age group. We hereby report a case of huge MCT in a 11-year-old premenarchal girl who presented with abdominal pain and lump. Ovarian tumor in adolescent may have malignant potential and requires appropriate and vigilant preoperative work-up and counseling for optimal management with concern of preservation of fertility and potential for childbearing.
Retrospective study to know the outcome of radial head replacement in acute fracture of radial head
Authors: Shankar Anand , Kumar Rishabh , Kumar Ashutosh , Kumar Rakesh , Kumar Santosh
Published: February 2022

Background:

Radial head arthroplasty is commonly used to treat acute unreconstructible radial head fractures. The purpose of this study was to report on the clinical and radiographic outcomes after radial head arthroplasty with a metallic implant for the treatment of acute radial head fractures.

Materials and Methods:

Seven patients with unconstructable communited acute radial head fractures were treated with radial head replacement. Patients were selected according to the indication and rejected or delayed according to contraindication. Necessary written informed consent was taken.

Observation and Results:

All patients had good alignment and the full range of the function of the elbow without any major complications. Radiological alignment was also comparable with the other side. Follow-up noted up to 6 months only.

Conclusions:

Radial head replacement can be a good alternative for the treatment of communited radial head fractures which cannot be fixed. Although longer follow-up is needed.
Clinical communication skills in India
Authors: Khursheed Tooba , Kutikuppala L. V. Simhachalam , Sinha Akatya Vidushi , Naineni Krishna
Published: February 2022

Effective and sensitive communication by the clinicians with the patients and relatives are crucial in achieving a patient-centered consultation. Competent communication is an expertise, which all health-care professionals require, but it is the one that not all of them are obviously good at. Clinical communication skills are related to the speedy recovery of patients, provided with good adherence to the medications, and improved patient satisfaction, thereby affecting the psychological, biological, and social outcomes of the treatment. As time progressed, the situation of learning clinical communication skills has been transformed from “good to have” toward “need to have.” Teaching soft skills of communication to the medical students in a controlled environment before exposing them to real-life conditions could be the key to developing rapport with the patients, leading to more appropriate diagnosis and treatment outcomes.
Giant ovarian fibrosarcoma
Authors: Kumari Pratibha , Kumari Satya , Rani Jyotsna , Abhilashi Kavya , Atreya Kshiti , Kumar Deepak , Choudhary Vijayanand , Pankaj Sangeeta , Jaiswal Supriya
Published: February 2022

Sex cord–stromal tumors are very rare ovarian tumors. Primary ovarian fibrosarcomas are a very rare type of sex cord–stromal tumors. They arise from superficial or deep connective tissues of fascia, tendon, periosteum, and scar. They can grow either slowly or rapidly forming a giant abdominal mass similar to epithelial tumors of the ovary. Fibrosarcomas are difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Tumor marker and radiological techniques play a trivial role in preoperative diagnosis of this rare variety of sex cord–stromal tumor. Often final diagnosis is made on histopathological and immunohistochemistry reporting. Histopathological features such as high mitotic count, nuclear atypia, and herringbone pattern arrangement of spindle cells confirm a diagnosis of malignant fibrosarcoma. Ki-67 index is considered a prognostic factor for fibromatous lesions of the ovary showing aggressive nature of tumor. We report a rare case of giant ovarian fibrosarcoma in a 40-year-old woman whose diagnosis was made histopathologically due to rarity of tumor.
Acute Soft Head Syndrome in Sickle Anemia
Authors: Garba Nuhu Abubakar , Ahmadu Ibrahim , Abubakar Muhammad Shakur , Asani Mustafa O. , Aliyu Ibrahim
Published: February 2022

Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from insertion of the valine codon at position sixth of beta-hemoglobin gene instead of glutamate leading to the production of insoluble beta-hemoglobin chain. Although sickle anemia is mostly associated with bone pain and anemia, other manifestations also occur. Acute head syndrome is an uncommon complication resulting from skull bone infarction, cortical osteopenia, and rupture of tortuous periosteal blood vessels leading to extravasation of blood into the subgaleal space. This report therefore intends to create awareness that nontraumatic scalp swelling is an uncommon complication in sickle cell disease and no traditional practice or surgical excision should be employed in managing it.
The Type of Anesthesia and Outcome in Preeclamptic Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section: An Observational Study
Authors: Rupwate Kanchan , Patil Shruti Shrikant , Kesh Reeti Rani
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:

To study the effect of the type of anesthesia (general anesthesia [GA] or spinal anesthesia [SA]) on maternal hemodynamics and maternal and fetal outcomes in preeclamptic female patients posted for cesarean section delivery, as well as to note down the complications.

Materials and Methods:

After institutional review board and ethics committee approval, 80 consenting preeclamptic female patients who underwent lower segment cesarean section in our tertiary care center from February 2014 to September 2015 were included in this prospective, observational clinical study. Those with antepartum hemorrhage such as placenta previa, abruptio placenta, cardiac disease, and chronic renal disease were excluded. Those included were divided into two groups, those receiving GA or SA. Baseline and intraoperative heart rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure, and oxygen saturation were recorded along with demographic data. Use of colloids, blood and blood products, and details of vasopressor drugs administered were noted. Birth weight of the baby and Apgar score at 1 min and 5 min were also noted.

Results:

Baseline SBP was comparable in the two groups, but baseline DBP was significantly more in the GA group. The intraoperative rise in SBP and DBP was significantly more in the GA than in the SA group. The vasopressor requirement was statistically more in the SA group. The maternal outcome, neonatal outcome, and Apgar score were significantly better in the SA group.

Conclusion:

In our study, hypotension that occurred during SA could be successfully managed with titrated doses of intravenous vasopressor drugs such as ephedrine or phenylephrine. The neonatal outcome and Apgar score were poorer in the GA group.
Anxiety-Induced Sleep Disturbances among in-School Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

The goal of the study was to estimate the prevalence of anxiety-induced sleep disturbance (AISD) and assess its relationship with psychosocial distress, socio-environmental variables, and health risk indicators among adolescent schoolchildren in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Methods:

Cross-sectional data from the 2016 UAE “Global School-Based Student Health Survey” (n = 5849) were analyzed. The nationally representative sample of all students in grades 8–12 in the UAE was selected through a two-stage cluster sampling procedure. Schools were included with probability proportional to enrollment size, and classes were randomly selected, with all students present in selected classes being eligible to participate.

Results:

The overall prevalence of AISD was 16.2%, 11.9% had AISD among males, and 20.5% had AISD among females. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, older age (16 years or older), lower economic status (hunger), loneliness, frequent bullying victimization (10–30 days), frequently physically attacked (≥6 times), parental emotional neglect, parents never check homework, parental disrespect of privacy, passive smoking on all past 7 days, sedentary behavior (>8 h/day) during leisure time, and multiple (≥4 times) injuries were positively and being male was negatively associated with AISD.

Conclusion:

Almost one in six participants reported AISD, and several factors associated with AISD were identified.
Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors for Mothers' Delivery at Home
Authors: Talukder Ashis , Anik Bayezid Hasan , Hossain Md. Ismail , Haq Iqramul , Habib Md. Jakaria
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Although Bangladesh has made some significant progress in the health sector, home delivery of pregnancy is still a widespread tradition in Bangladesh. The objective of this study was to find the effects of sociodemographic factors associated with mothers' delivery at home utilizing the data extracted from the three Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHSs) conducted in 2007, 2011, and 2014.

Methods:

The present study was based mainly on the three BDHSs conducted in 2007, 2011, and 2014, which used a two-stage stratified sampling design for data collection purposes. For the analysis purpose, frequency distribution and multivariate logistic regression were considered.

Results:

The prevalence of home delivery among Bangladeshi mothers had dropped from 82.60% in 2007 BDHS to 64.17% in 2014 BDHS. In general, older mothers at their first birth, highly educated mother and father, women from the richest household, women who take 4 + ANC (Antenatal Care Service), and women who accessed media were a lower chance of home delivery than their counterparts. The study also showed moderate advancement in the use of institutional conveyance care among mothers in Bangladesh during 2007, 2011, 2014 BDHSs. Large variations in outcome measures were observed between rural and urban areas.

Conclusion:

Our research convincingly confirms that Bangladesh's delivery system implementation level is improving day by day, but the Sustainable Development Goals goals are still far from being achieved. Therefore, to overcome this problem, policymakers must take effective measures to improve maternal education level, wealth status, and maternal health-care service, including family planning.
Effectiveness of the Emergency Public Activity Restrictions on COVID-19 Epidemiological Parameter in East Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Prasiska Danik Iga , MUHLIS Abdu Nafan Aisul , Megatsari Hario
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

This study was aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the emergency activity restriction policy implementation to slow down the daily incidence and mortality of COVID-19 in the East Java Province of Indonesia.

Methods:

An ecological study design was used for this research as the data were acquired from the daily confirmed cases and mortality reports of COVID-19 in 29 regencies and 9 cities in East Java Province of Indonesia from June 14 to July 25, 2021. Interrupted time series using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) was used for the analysis.

Results:

The mean of COVID-19 daily incidence and mortality was increasing during the implementation of emergency public activity restriction. The result of the ARIMA interrupted time series reported that the implementation of emergency public activity restriction significantly (P < 0.05) affects the increase of COVID-19 daily incidence in 18 cities and daily mortality in 9 cities. Analysis on the provincial level showed that there was no reduction both in daily incidence and mortality during the implementation of emergency public activity restriction.

Conclusion:

The study reported that the implementation of emergency public activity restrictions was not beneficial in reducing COVID-19 daily incidence and mortality in the East Java Province of Indonesia during the 1st month of policy implementation.
Efficacy of lateral orbital rim decompression in patients with prior rim-sparing, three-wall orbital decompression
Authors: Lee Bradford W. , Kim Jane S. , Scawn Richard L. , Korn Bobby S. , Kikkawa Don O.
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE:

The purpose was to study the effects of removal of the lateral orbital rim in patients with prior three-wall decompression for thyroid eye disease (TED).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was a single-institution retrospective case series of patients presenting with symptoms and signs of residual symptomatic proptosis that had previously undergone three-wall decompression for TED. Data collected included patient age, gender, presenting symptoms, ocular history, proptosis reduction, and complications.

RESULTS:

Eleven orbits were identified. The mean preoperative exophthalmometry for the operative eye was 24.0 mm with 2.7 mm of relative proptosis. Removal of the lateral orbital rim resulted in a mean reduction in proptosis of 2.5 mm (range: 0.5–5.0 mm, P < 0.001). There was no significant change in diplopia, lagophthalmos, margin reflex distance (MRD) 1, MRD2, or exposure keratopathy. No canthal deformities were noted. All subjects reported satisfaction with functional and cosmetic outcomes of lateral orbital rim removal, and none reported problems with external contour irregularities of the lateral canthal region.

CONCLUSION:

Removal of the lateral orbital rim as part of a maximal orbital bony decompression adds to the decompressive effect of proptosis reduction with minimal side effects.
Stereotactic navigation in orbital decompression surgery – Does it shorten operative time and improve outcomes?
Authors: Chen Ying , Topilow Nicole J. , Lee Bradford W.
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE:

Stereotactic navigation is being increasingly used for orbital decompression (OD). Recent studies have cited clinical benefits of navigation including greater proptosis reduction but have differed regarding effects on operative time. This study aimed to evaluate navigated vs. non-navigated OD with respect to operative time and proptosis reduction.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Retrospective nonrandomized comparative trial of navigated vs. nonnavigated OD. Operative time and proptosis reduction were recorded and analyzed for all patients.

RESULTS:

A total of 30 orbital decompressions were included; 14 were performed with stereotactic navigation (SN), and 16 were performed without SN. On average, the SN group took 19 minutes longer for 3-wall decompressions (p = 0.185), 25 minutes shorter for balanced decompressions (p = 0.025), and 18 minutes longer (p = 0.067) for lateral wall decompressions. Mean proptosis reduction (PR) in 3-wall decompressions was greater in the SN group (p = 0.02). Among balanced wall decompressions, mean PR was 4.25 mm and 3.67 mm for the SN and non-SN groups (p = 0.30), respectively. For lateral wall decompressions, mean PR was 2.63 mm with SN and 2.50 mm without SN (p = 0.45).

CONCLUSIONS:

This study showed no difference in operative times between navigated and non-navigated OD, although empirical experience showed variable times required for registration and intraoperative troubleshooting of the navigation system. This study also found that navigation increased proptosis reduction for all types of OD. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to better understand the impact of navigation technology on operative times and surgical outcomes.
Thyroid eye disease reactivation associated with COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Park Kathryn S. , Fung Sammie E. , Ting Michelle , Ozzello Daniel J. , Yoon Jin Sook , Liu Catherine Y. , Korn Bobby S. , Kikkawa Don O.
Published: February 2022

To describe the presentation of both new-onset and reactivation of thyroid eye disease (TED) following COVID-19 vaccination. Single-institution retrospective case series of patients presenting with symptoms and signs of new or reactivated TED coinciding with recent COVID-19 vaccination. Data collected included patient age, gender, presenting symptoms, ocular history, clinical signs, and interval duration between vaccination and onset of ocular symptoms. Three female patients were identified. All patients were over 18 years of age (range 45–66 years). Patients received either the Moderna or Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine and presented with symptoms of TED within 24 h to 21 days of receiving their first or second dose. None of the patients had previous infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Two patients had a history of inactive TED with stable thyroid function tests: One of these patients had stable disease for at least 15 years and the other had stable disease for 5 years. The third patient had no previous history of thyroid dysfunction or TED and presented with low levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone. All three cases presented with proptosis. In two of three cases, periorbital edema, eyelid retraction, and diplopia were present. None were current smokers. One had prior facial hyaluronic acid filler injections. Symptoms in all cases were improving at 4 to 8 months. While the possibility of unrelated TED flaring concurrently with COVID-19 vaccination exists, questions remain on the effects of the COVID-19 vaccine in patients with autoimmune ophthalmic diseases. Physicians should be aware of this potential association and counsel patients appropriately.