bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human Inflammaging
Authors: Fülöp Tamàs , Larbi Anis , Witkowski Jacek M.
Published: May 2019

Human aging is a very complex process that occurs in an intricate biological and physiological setting. Many changes occur with aging and among the most important are changes in immune reactivity associated with cell differentiation stages and the phenomenon of inflammaging, understood as subclinical inflammatory readiness, manifested by elevated levels of proinflammatory factors. It was stated for a long time that this tandem occurs in parallel or eventually sequentially. However, recent evidence points to the fact that, as both originate from chronic antigen stimulation, they mutually drive each other. In this context, inflammaging is considered the basis of most age-related diseases (ARD). In this review concerning human inflammaging, we argue that inflammatory diseases develop during whole life as a diverted (excessive) normal immune reaction to specific stressors. Thus, inflammaging may not be the cause of these diseases; however, it can be the trigger of clinical manifestation of ARD. In this context, the best intervention should aim to regulate the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory signals and the more appropriate reaction to chronic stimulations to avoid/delay the appearance of associated diseases.
Oral and Systemic Effects of Xylitol Consumption
Authors: Janket Sok-Ja , Benwait Jaspreet , Isaac Paul , Ackerson Leland K. , Meurman Jukka H.
Published: May 2019

Recent results of randomized trials testing the efficacy of xylitol in caries prevention have been conflicting. This narrative review reveals the sources of discrepancy. The following databases were searched for the terms “xylitol” or “artificial sweeteners” restricted to the English language: PubMed, Web of Science, Evidenced-Based Medicine, Scopus, and the Cochrane database. In a separate search, the terms “dental caries” or “cariogenicity” or “glucosyltransferase” or “low glycemic” or “low insulinemic” or “dysbiosis” or “gut microbiome” were used and then combined. In section I, findings regarding the role of xylitol in dental caries prevention, the appropriateness of research methods, and the causes for potential biases are summarized. In section II, the systemic effects of xylitol on gut microbiota as well as low-glycemic/insulinogenic systemic effects are evaluated and summarized. The substitution of a carbonyl group with an alcohol radical in xylitol hinders its absorption and slowly releases sugar into the bloodstream. This quality of xylitol is beneficial for diabetic patients to maintain a constant glucose level. Although this quality of xylitol has been proven in in vitro and animal studies, it has yet to be proven in humans. Paradoxically, recent animal studies reported hyperglycemia and intestinal dysbiosis with artificial sweetener consumption. Upon careful inspection of evidence, it was revealed that these reports may be due to misinterpretation of original references or flaws in study methodology. Any systemic benefits of xylitol intake must be weighed in consideration with the well-established adverse gastrointestinal consequences. The contribution of xylitol to gut dysbiosis that may affect systemic immunity warrants further research.
The Development of Infants’ Expectations for Event Timing
Authors: Comishen Kyle J. , Adler Scott A.
Published: May 2019

The capacity to process and incorporate temporal information into behavioural decisions is an integral component for functioning in our environment. Whereas previous research has extended adults’ temporal processing capacity down the developmental timeline to infants, little research has examined infants’ capacity to use that temporal information in guiding their future behaviours and whether this capacity can detect event-timing differences on the order of milliseconds. The present study examined 3- and 6-month-old infants’ ability to process temporal durations of 700 and 1200 milliseconds by means of the Visual Expectation Cueing Paradigm in which the duration of a central stimulus predicted either a target appearing on the left or on the right of a screen. If 3- and 6-month-old infants could discriminate the milliseconds difference between the centrally-presented temporal cues, then they would correctly make anticipatory eye movements to the proper target location at a rate above chance. Results indicated that 6- but not 3-month-olds successfully discriminated and incorporated events’ temporal information into their visual expectations. Brain maturation and the perceptual capacity to discriminate the relative timing values of temporal events may account for these findings. This developmental limitation in processing and discriminating events on the scale of milliseconds, consequently, may be a limiting factor for attentional and cognitive development that has not previously been explored.
Homatula wuliangensis (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae), a new loach from Yunnan, China
Authors: MIN RUI , YANG JUN-XING , CHEN XIAO-YONG
Published: May 2019

A new species of Homatula, Homatula wuliangensis, is described from the Lancang River of the Wuliang Mountain, Pu-Er City, Jingdong County, Yunnan Province, China. Homatula wuliangensis sp. nov. is readily distinguished from otherspecies of Homatula by the combination of several morphological characters, including a long upper lobe of the caudalfin relative to the lower lobe, high and long dorsal adipose crest, series of 22–26 very closely aligned body markings, bodyscaled, and 41–42 vertebrae. In addition, H. wuliangensis differs from the similar species H. anguillioides in having short-er barbels, spots on the caudal fin, the origin of the pelvic fin under the last simple dorsal-fin ray, and a pointed axillarypelvic lobe divided from the body. The new species is further distinguished from the similar species H. pysnolepis in having shorter barbels, lacking a notch on the lower jaw, and lacking vermiform markings on top of the head.
Adaptations to support occupational engagement with age-related vision loss: A metasynthesis study
Authors: McGrath Colleen E. , Corrado Ann Marie
Published: May 2019

Background.

Age-related vision loss (ARVL) is a progressive process that adversely affects older adults’ occupational engagement. As such, older adults often employ a variety of psychological adaptation strategies.

Purpose.

The purpose of this study was to identify those psychological adaptation strategies employed by older adults aging with ARVL.

Method.

This metasynthesis searched and identified 21 qualitative articles that described a link between psychological adaptation strategies and occupational engagement.

Findings.

The psychological strategies identified were categorized into five themes. The strategies of persisting with hope, positivity, and acceptance and portraying a self-image consistent with independence, competence, and self-reliance were well established in the literature, while other themes were more emerging, such as using humour, relying on religious/spiritual beliefs, and comparing the self to others.

Implications.

By understanding the psychological adaptation strategies employed by older adults with ARVL, occupational therapists will be better positioned to guide their clients toward positive adaptive patterns.
Immediate Responses of Online Brand Search and Price Search to TV Ads
Authors: Du Rex Yuxing , Xu Linli , Wilbur Kenneth C.
Published: May 2019

This study aims to deepen the understanding of evaluating TV ad spots by their immediate effects on important online activities. The authors merged minute-by-minute brand search and price search data with spot-level TV advertisement data for the three leading pickup truck brands in the United States over an 11-month period. They presented a generalizable modeling framework and used it to estimate the size and variation of immediate online responses to TV ads. The average elasticity of brand search to a brand’s own national ads is .09, and the average elasticity of price search to a brand’s own national ads is .03. Given ad audience size, immediate search responses vary with ad creative characteristics, audience category interest, slot of the break, program genre, and time factors. Overall, the results show that ordinary TV ads lead to a variety of immediate online responses and that advertisers can use these signals to enrich their media planning and campaign evaluations.
The Quality of Representative Claims: Uncovering a Weakness in the Defense of the Liberal World Order
Authors: de Wilde Pieter
Published: May 2019

All kinds of actors, elected and unelected, make claims to represent certain constituencies. This article sheds new light on what this practice of representative claims-making might imply for the legitimacy of the liberal world order. It develops a quality of representation index at the level of representative claims and introduces a novel dataset. First, the article introduces the information criterion as key benchmark against which to evaluate representative claims. Second, it constructs a quality of representation index based on this criterion and uses it to assess representative claims. Third, multivariate analysis corroborates differences between various makers while controlling for context. Bridging the divide between political theory and empirical political sociology, this article reveals that the supporters of the current liberal democratic world order make significantly lower quality representative claims than various challengers. A range of new avenues for both theoretical and empirical research ensues.
Goal Orientation Test: An Objective Behavioral Test
Authors: Romero Miriam , Hernández José Manuel , Juola James F. , Casadevante Cristina , Santacreu José
Published: May 2019

The aim of the present research is to assess goal orientation (mastery and performance) by developing an objective behavioral test. We elaborated the Mastery Performance-Goal Orientation Test, a task that allows assessment of goal orientation along a single dimension. We studied its reliability and validity by conducting two studies. In Study 1 (N = 293 adults), the distribution of scores along the goal orientation variable showed wide variability and high internal consistency. The mastery-oriented participants demonstrated higher levels of category learning, whereas the performance-oriented participants responded in a less discriminative way but achieved higher scores. In Study 2 (N = 41 undergraduate students), the mastery-oriented participants achieved higher scores on a learning task than the performance-oriented subjects. The results also showed that the test had the potential to predict subsequent learning. We conclude that it might be a useful instrument to assess goal orientation.
Resolving water allocation conflicts using WEAP simulation model and non-cooperative game theory
Authors: Mehrparvar Milad , Ahmadi Azadeh , Safavi Hamid Reza
Published: May 2019

Disparity in water supply and demand often leads to conflicts among users over water resources in basins. Game theory is a new tool recently employed for resolving such conflicts. The present study uses non-cooperative games to resolve the conflicts in the Zayandehroud basin. The games are simulated between two stakeholders by the graph model conflict resolution (GMCR) method as one of the non-cooperative methods. The stakeholders are Isfahan Regional Water Company (IRWC) and Agriculture-Jahad Organization (AJO). Stakeholders can execute some strategies competitively, which include A: developing farming lands, B: improving irrigation efficiency, C: controlling withdrawals from aquifers, and D: selling water to the industrial sector. A and B are executed by AJO and C and D are executed by IRWC. The sustainable water allocation scenarios are obtained by GMCR and employed in a water evaluation and planning simulation model to supply consumers’ water demand. The best sustainable scenario selected based on GMCR concepts requires irrigation efficiency of agricultural lands to be improved in order to achieve a demand meeting index of 90% and, in contrast, there will be not control on water withdrawal from aquifers.
Malaria today: advances in management and control
Authors: Pannu Ashok K
Published: May 2019

Over the past two decades, malaria-related deaths have reduced substantially, especially in African children. However, the global malaria burden still remains high. The recent emergence of resistance to artemisinin, the backbone of malaria management, could threaten malaria control. Importantly, over the past five years, there has been an upsurge in research in the development of novel antimalarial drugs (and combinations), malaria vaccine and new vector-control strategies that can boost the malaria control programme.
Depression and risk of disability pension: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Amiri Sohrab , Behnezhad Sepideh
Published: May 2019

Background and objective

Depression is a common mental disorder that leads to undesirable consequences. The study of the role of depression in disability pension can provide valuable insights. This study was conducted with the goal of systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between depression and disability pension.

Methods

PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched until March 2018. Fifteen prospective cohort studies were selected and included in the meta-analysis. The random-effects method was used to combine the studies. Subgroup analysis was performed, and publication bias was also examined.

Results

Depression was a risk factor for disability pension (pooled risk ratio =1.68 and 95% confidence interval = 1.50–1.88). In men, pooled risk ratio was 1.82 for the effect of depression on the risk of disability pension (95% confidence interval = 1.45–2.28). In women, pooled risk ratio was 1.62 (95% confidence interval = 1.31–2.02). The results showed that there is publication bias.

Conclusions

Depression is a factor for retirement due to disability. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of depression can reduce socioeconomic and psychological consequences imposed on society.
Using strategic pauses during shared reading with preschoolers: Time for prediction is better than time for reflection when learning new words
Authors: Read Kirsten , Furay Erin , Zylstra Dana
Published: May 2019

Preschoolers can learn vocabulary through shared book reading, especially when given the opportunity to predict and/or reflect on the novel words encountered in the story. Readers often pause and encourage children to guess or repeat novel words during shared reading, and prior research has suggested a positive correlation between how much readers dramatically pause and how well words are later retained. This experimental study of 60 3- to 5-year-olds compared the effects of placing pauses before target words to encourage predictions, placing pauses after target words to encourage reflection, or not pausing at all on children’s retention of novel monster names in a rhymed storybook. Children who heard dramatic pauses that invited prediction before the monsters were named identified more at test than children who heard either post-target pauses or the story read verbatim. In addition, there was an interaction between pre- vs. post-target pausing and whether the pauses were silent or replaced with an eliciting question, such that silent pauses were more effective before the target words, while eliciting questions were more effective after. Overall, dramatic silent pauses before new words in a story were found to best help children attend to and remember those new words.
Symptoms and anxiety predict declining health-related quality of life in multiple myeloma: A prospective, multi-centre longitudinal study
Authors: Ramsenthaler Christina , Gao Wei , Siegert Richard J , Edmonds Polly M , Schey Stephen A , Higginson Irene J
Published: May 2019

Background:

Patients with multiple myeloma, an incurable haematological cancer, often receive palliative care only late in their trajectory. Criteria for early referral are lacking.

Aim:

To identify which patients might benefit from early integration, by identifying trajectories of health-related quality of life and the determinants for declining or poor Health related quality of life .

Design:

Prospective, longitudinal cohort study.

Participants:

Multiple myeloma patients at all stages (newly diagnosed, first-line or second-line treatment, early or later treatment-free interval, refractory disease) from in- and outpatient units at 14 hospitals in England were recruited. In addition to clinical information and standardised Health related quality of life and psychological aspects, the Myeloma Patient Outcome Scale (MyPOS) measured palliative care concerns.

Results:

A total of 238 patients were recruited, on average 3.5 years ( SD: 3.4) post-diagnosis. Latent mixture growth models identified four Health related quality of life trajectories. Classes 3 and 4 represent trajectories of stable poor Health related quality of life or declining Health related quality of life over an 8-month period. The strongest predictors of poor outcome at the end of follow-up were general symptom level (odds ratio (OR): 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0–1.6, p = 0.028), presence of clinically relevant anxiety (OR: 1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0–1.4, p = 0.019), and presence of pain (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.0–1.1, p = 0.018), all being more predictive than demographic or clinical characteristics.

Conclusion:

General symptom level, pain and presence of anxiety predict declining Health related quality of life in multiple myeloma. Identification of patients with palliative care needs should focus on assessing patient-reported symptoms and psychosocial well-being for identifying those at risk of deterioration.
Aromatherapy, massage and reflexology: A systematic review and thematic synthesis of the perspectives from people with palliative care needs
Authors: Armstrong Megan , Flemming Kate , Kupeli Nuriye , Stone Patrick , Wilkinson Susie , Candy Bridget
Published: May 2019

Background:

Effectiveness evidence of complementary therapies in people with advanced disease is uncertain, and yet people are still keen to engage in complementary therapy. Insights into people’s experiences of complementary therapy in palliative care, the perceived benefits, and how they want it delivered, can inform clinical guidelines and suggest ways to test therapies more appropriately in future evaluations.

Aims:

Explore in people with advanced disease (1) the experiences and perceptions of benefits and harms of aromatherapy, massage, and reflexology and (2) how they would like these therapies delivered.

Design:

A systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies. Database search terms were related to palliative care, aromatherapy, reflexology and massage. Citations and full texts were reviewed independently against predefined inclusion criteria. Studies were appraised for quality. This review is registered at PROSPERO (22/11/2017 CRD42017081409).

Data sources:

MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, AMED, CINAHL, KoreaMed and ProQuest with a bibliography search to June 2018.

Results:

Five qualitative studies in advanced cancer were identified. Three analytical themes were identified: (1) Experience during the therapy (enhanced well-being and escapism), (2) beyond the complementary therapy session (lasting benefits and overall evaluation), and (3) delivery of complementary therapy in palliative care (value of the therapist and delivery of the complementary therapy).

Conclusions:

People with advanced cancer experience benefits from aromatherapy, reflexology and massage including enhanced well-being, respite, and escapism from their disease. Complementary therapy interventions should be developed in consultation with the target population to ensure they are delivered and evaluated, where feasible, as they wish.
Quantification of Macrophages and Mycobacterium avium Subsp. paratuberculosis in Bovine Intestinal Tissue During Different Stages of Johne’s Disease
Authors: Jenvey Caitlin J. , Hostetter Jesse M. , Shircliff Adrienne L. , Bannantine John P. , Stabel Judith R.
Published: May 2019

Johne’s disease is an enteric disease caused by the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Upon ingestion of MAP, it is translocated across the intestinal epithelium and may be killed by intestinal macrophages, or depending on the bacterial burden and immunological status of the animal, MAP may thwart innate defense mechanisms and persist within the macrophage. This study aimed to determine the numbers of macrophages and MAP present in bovine midileal tissue during different stages of infection. Immunofluorescent (IF) labeling was performed on frozen bovine midileal intestinal tissue collected from 28 Holstein dairy cows. The number of macrophages in midileal tissue sections was higher for clinically affected cows, followed by subclinically affected cows and then uninfected control cows. Macrophages were present throughout the tissue sections in clinical cows, including the tunica muscularis, submucosa, and the lamina propria around the crypts and in the villous tips, with progressively fewer macrophages in subclinically affected and control cows. Clinically affected cows also demonstrated significantly higher numbers of MAP and higher numbers of macrophages with intracellular MAP compared to subclinically affected cows. MAP IF labeling was present within the submucosa and lamina propria around the crypts, progressing into the villous tips in some clinically affected cows. Our findings indicate that number of macrophages increases with progression of infection, but a significant number of the macrophages present in the midileum are not associated with MAP.
Defeat in Interstate War and the Probability of Political Liberalization
Authors: Goldman Shlomo O. , Heimann Gadi
Published: May 2019

The study examines whether defeat in war increases the probability that states will be involved in an international crisis (as a diversionary policy), enter a process of political liberalization, or alternatively, curtail political rights. More generally, it examines the impact of the leaders’ weakness on their tendency to adopt these different strategies in order to overcome internal unrest. We look at defeat in war as an indicator of the leader’s weakness since we can assume a strong correlation exists between the two. The results showed a significant positive connection to political rights liberalization, indicating that defeat in war increases the probability of liberalization in political rights but does not significantly increase the probability of de-liberalization and diversionary policies. Therefore, the study strengthens the claim that a leader’s weakness tends to push him or her toward initiating political reforms.
Introducing Mulk Raj Anand: the colonial politics of collaboration
Authors: Snaith Anna
Published: May 2019

Collaboration is often understood as central to modernist literary production. The recent turn to a transnational or globalised understanding of modernism has made attention to collaborations across races and cultures all the more pressing. This article attends to the colonial politics of collaboration by exploring a specific instance of a particular genre: the introductions written by white, male, metropolitan modernists to texts by colonial authors. Focusing initially on introductions by Ford Madox Ford, Arthur Symons, Edmund Gosse and W. B. Yeats to texts by Jean Rhys, Sarojini Naidu and Rabindranath Tagore, the article then looks in detail at the prefaces written by E. M. Forster and Leonard Woolf to writing by Mulk Raj Anand ( Untouchable, 1935 and Letters on India, 1942). By putting pressure on the term ‘collaboration’ itself – and the frequent slippage to ‘collaborationist’ in relation to scholarship on Anand – this article will investigate the oft-overlooked genre of the introduction to ask questions crucial to the wider study of global modernisms. It will tease out the complex relationships, networks and publishing histories signalled by this conjunction of introduction and text. These prefatory texts are marked by imperial gestures of cultural patronage, framing and mediation but are also the very place where these gestures and hierarchies are contested and overturned.
‘So now tell me what

you

think!’: Sylvia Lynd's reading and reviewing – The collaborative work of an interwar middlewoman
Authors: Wilson Nicola
Published: May 2019

This article highlights Sylvia Lynd (1888–1952) as an important interwar ‘middlewoman’, arguing that Lynd's professional work and identity as book club judge, reviewer, publisher's reader and literary hostess, had a significant impact on contemporary print culture. It argues that the networks around the Lynds’ set in Hampstead are an important, if overlooked, part of ‘the social spaces and staging venues’ where literary modernism happened (in Lawrence Rainey's influential terms). With a methodology grounded in feminist research and recoveries of early twentieth-century women's diverse contributions to print culture, the core of the essay considers Lynd's work for the Book Society selection committee and the Prix Femina Vie Heureuse Anglais. Making use of publisher's records and other archival sources, including Lynd's unpublished diaries and correspondence, the article sets out Lynd's shared reading and decision-making with Hugh Walpole on manuscripts for the Book Society as a dialogic, collaborative reading practice, placing her work as book club judge as part of a long history of sociable reading practices. The article further explores the textual implications of Lynd's work as book club judge and shows how her editorial interventions made a tangible, documented impact on the pre-publication history of literary texts, in this case George Blake's The Shipbuilders (1935) and Eric Linklater's Juan in America (1931). This work of editorial revisions/censorship is an aspect of the textual interventions of celebrity book club judges that is not well known, and that archival research gives us unique access to.
Reading the Siloam inscription as narrative
Authors: Llewelyn Stephen , Heap Natasha , Wrathall Alexandra
Published: May 2019

The Siloam inscription and tunnel have been a focus of interest due to the coincidence of the monumental construction, an inscription describing the last phase of that construction and the apparent reference to the same tunnel in the Hebrew Bible. By all counts, the inscription offers a lively report of the events in which the main characters are the hewers themselves; however, although the text shows the features of narrative, it has not been subjected to an analysis using the tools and insights offered by narratology. The aim of the present study is to provide such an analysis.
Genesis 1.1 as the first act of creation
Authors: Chambers Nathan
Published: May 2019

In contrast to the contemporary trend of reading Gen. 1.1 as either a heading to the chapter or a subordinate clause, this essay argues that the verse can be responsibly read as the first step in the process of creation. In particular, it is argued that attending to the two senses of ‘heaven’ in biblical Hebrew is a necessary prerequisite for reading Gen. 1.1. Moreover, the final form of Gen. 1 reveals the use of both bipartite and tripartite cosmological formulae. Taking these observations seriously lays the foundation for reading Gen. 1.1 as the first step in the process of creation. In turn, it is argued that this reading of the narrative is theologically suggestive.
Does Jeremiah dispel diaspora demons? How Septuagint Jeremiah and 4Q71 (4QJerb) rewrote their text structures around an Aramaic war taunt which mocks Zion’s idolatry
Authors: Adcock James ‘Seth’
Published: May 2019

MT Jer. 10:1-18’s structure demonstrates a more original contextual treatment of 10:11’s Aramaic gibe (cf. 4Q70 [4QJera]) than that of LXX, or of 4Q71 (4QJerb). The Aramaic initially functioned as a foreign war taunt pronounced upon Zion’s idolatry within the intricate framework of 10:2-16’s victorious battle hymn. In contrast, LXX 10:1-18 and 4Q71 emphasize 10:11 in their structural placements of 10:9 within 10:5, along with necessary deletions (e.g. 10:6-8 and 10:10). Thereby, LXX 10:11 represents a demonic adjuration against idols (i.e. idolatry’s evil spirits). Modern scholarship has usually sought to explain 10:11 as a later scribal interpolation along with other pre-MT redactional expansions. However, we propose that LXX Jeremiah and 4Q71 represent rewritten scriptural compositions in contrast to the official proto-MT edition, especially in 10:1-18’s case. Thus, the original tone and sophisticated antithetical parallelism of Jer. 10:12-16’s ancient hymn is reflected in MT’s earlier text form.
Age at Time of Surgery but Not Sex Is Related to Outcomes After Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Hiemstra Laurie A. , Kerslake Sarah
Published: May 2019

Background:

Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction has become a well-accepted procedure for recurrent patellofemoral instability. Despite a growing volume of research assessing surgical results, the relationship of age and sex to outcomes after MPFL reconstruction surgery is unclear.

Purpose:

To investigate whether age at the time of surgery or sex influenced patient-reported quality of life and clinical outcome after MPFL reconstruction for recurrent lateral patellofemoral instability.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Between January 2010 and May 2016, 328 patients underwent primary patellofemoral stabilization. Demographic and clinical data were collected preoperatively. Patients completed the Banff Patellofemoral Instability Instrument (BPII) at the pre- and postoperative visits and were assessed clinically at 12 and 24 months. To assess the effects of age at surgery and sex on BPII, multiple linear regression models were fit predicting BPII at 12 and 24 months. An unadjusted regression was applied with the predictors being age at the time of surgery and sex. A second regression model was applied adjusting for age at first dislocation, grade of trochlear dysplasia, knee hyperextension, and the WARPS/STAID score—a measure of the risky patellofemoral instability characteristics of the patient.

Results:

Of 328 patients, 298 (91%) had complete data and minimum 12-month BPII scores available for analysis. There were 11 redislocations in the cohort (3.4%), all in female patients. When stratified by sex, baseline characteristics were not statistically different except for higher age at first dislocation ( P = .022) as well as higher WARPS/STAID scores ( P = .006) for males. Age at the time of surgery was statistically significant for each postoperative follow-up, with lower BPII scores apparent for each 10-year increase in age at the time of surgery. In the adjusted model, the WARPS/STAID score was significantly associated with the preoperative BPII score. For the 24-month postoperative BPII scores, age at time of surgery and preoperative WARPS/STAID score were both significant. Lower BPII scores were apparent for each 10-year increase in age at the time of surgery, as well as for lower scores on the WARPS/STAID classification.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that when adjusted for risky pathoanatomy, neither age at first dislocation nor sex influences patient-reported quality of life outcomes after MPFL reconstruction. Age at the time of surgery was correlated with outcome, with lower BPII scores apparent for each 10-year increase in age at the time of MPFL reconstruction.
Research on hybrid sisal/glass composites: A review
Authors: Lima Arthur VNA , Cardoso Jorge L , Lobo Cândido JS
Published: May 2019

Currently, there is a tendency to develop materials that have an increasingly specific purpose for a particular application and the composites can be part of these types of materials. In addition, there is a search for replacement of synthetic fibers with natural ones, because of concerns about the environment. Hybridization of glass fiber composites with sisal fibers can result in improved performance by combining the benefits of each fiber with various applications. Many studies are developed on these types of composites, sisal/glass hybrids, varying certain parameters, such as matrix, orientation of fibers, treatment of fibers, stacking of layers, composition of elements, method of manufacture, among others, characterizing the various types of properties. The present work organizes the researches on the hybrid composites of sisal/glass, in chronological order, highlighting the specifications and parameters used and the main results obtained.
Automatic Coding of Text Answers to Open-Ended Questions: Should You Double Code the Training Data?
Authors: He Zhoushanyue , Schonlau Matthias
Published: May 2019

Open-ended questions in surveys are often manually coded into one of several classes (or categories). When the data are too large to manually code all texts, a statistical (or machine) learning model must be trained on a manually coded subset of texts. Uncoded texts are then coded automatically using the trained model. The quality of automatic coding depends on the trained statistical model, and the model relies on manually coded data on which it is trained. While survey scientists are acutely aware that the manual coding is not always accurate, it is not clear how double coding affects the classification errors of the statistical learning model. We investigate several budget allocation strategies when there is a limited budget for manual classification: single coding versus various options for double coding where the number of training texts is reduced to maintain the fixed budget. Under fixed budget, double coding improved prediction of the learning algorithm when the coding error is greater than about 20–35%, depending on the data. Among double-coding strategies, paying for an expert to resolve differences performed best. When no expert is available, removing differences from the training data outperformed other double-coding strategies. When there is no budget constraint and the texts have already been double coded, all double-coding strategies generally outperformed single coding. As under fixed budget, having an expert to solve disagreement in training texts improves accuracy most, followed by removing differences.
Modeling framework for analyzing midair encounters in hybrid airspace where manned and unmanned aircraft coexist
Authors: Hu Yang , Zhang Wenhui
Published: May 2019

The integration of unmanned aircraft system into nonsegregated airspace raises safety concerns of midair encounters in the hybrid airspace where manned and unmanned aircraft coexist. This paper aims at developing a new modeling framework with improved modeling capability and feasibility for analyzing the midair encounters in hybrid airspace. This modeling framework includes models of different components (airspace, human pilot, manned aircraft, unmanned aircraft, etc.) involved in midair encounters. As a key component, human pilot is modeled to contain different information processing stages which are perception, decision making and response. Meanwhile, the modeling framework is designed to provide quantitative measures of midair encounters in hybrid airspace, and further uses “Equal Level of Safety” criterion to evaluate the validity of the integration of the unmanned aircraft system. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed modeling framework are demonstrated through simulation studies.
Experimental investigation of anisotropic viscoelastic properties of glass fiber-reinforced polymeric composite material
Authors: Martynenko Volodymyr G , Lvov Gennadiy I , Ulianov Yuriy N
Published: May 2019

The article presents an experimental investigation of anisotropic viscoelastic properties of a glass fiber-reinforced polymeric composite material. The experimental rig consisting of mechanical and heating parts was prepared for running the tests at room and elevated temperatures. Composite specimens, cut in three different directions, enabled evaluating three independent viscoelastic technical parameters. The stress–strain curves obtained at room temperature allowed to derive the elastic–plastic properties of the composite. It was found that the viscoelastic properties were not observed for room temperature, while an increase of the temperature up to 100°C shortens the relaxation time for less than 1 h. The creep curves, determined for the elevated temperature and different values of loads, demonstrate a good consistency for each type of specimens. In addition, strains are directly proportional to stresses for every time moment, which shows an evidence of linear viscoelastic properties of the composite material. A comparison of the creep curves proved an anisotropy of composite’s viscoelastic properties. Approximation of them by exponential Prony series makes the evaluated data applicable to the existing viscoelastic material models.
Effects of Strategic Investment Decisions on Value of Firm: Evidence from India
Authors: Kaur Parmjit , Kaur Randeep
Published: May 2019

The study has captured the effects of announcements of strategic investment decisions on market value of firm and also established the relationship between market value and firm-specific variables. The study is based on strategic investment announcements made by BSE-500 firms, and final sample for the study consists of 581 strategic investment announcements made by 217 firms. These decisions have been classified into seven categories. In order to examine the reaction of share prices to the strategic investment announcements, the event study methodology (Brown and Warner, Journal of Financial Economics, 14, 3–31, 1985; MacKinlay, Journal of Economic Literature, 35, 13–39, 1997) has been applied. The relationship between abnormal returns and independent variables is examined with multiple regression analysis. The results provide strong evidence that the strategic investment decisions’ announcements in India contain a positive information signal, and these are perceived as value-enhancing decisions by the investors. The results also help to improve the understanding of how different firm-specific factors may influence market reaction to announcements of strategic investment decisions.
Robot’s adaptive emotional feedback sustains children’s social engagement and promotes their vocabulary learning: a long-term child–robot interaction study
Authors: Ahmad Muneeb Imtiaz , Mubin Omar , Shahid Suleman , Orlando Joanne
Published: May 2019

In this article, we present an emotion and memory model for a social robot. The model allowed the robot to create a memory account of a child’s emotional events over four individual sessions. The robot then adapted its behaviour based on the developed memory. The model was applied on the NAO robot to teach vocabulary to children while playing the popular game ‘Snakes and Ladders’. We conducted an exploratory evaluation of our model with 24 children at a primary school for 2 weeks to verify its impact on children’s long-term social engagement and overall vocabulary learning. Our preliminary results showed that the behaviour generated based on our model was able to sustain social engagement. In addition, it also helped children to improve their vocabulary. We also evaluated the impact of the positive, negative and neutral emotional feedback of the NAO robot on children’s vocabulary learning. Three groups of children (eight per group) interacted with the robot on four separate occasions over a period of 2 weeks. Our results showed that the condition where the robot displayed positive emotional feedback had a significantly positive effect on the child’s vocabulary learning performance as compared to the two other conditions: negative feedback and neutral feedback.
Archival adventuring
Authors: Kagen Melissa
Published: May 2019

This article describes the ‘archival adventure’ mechanic, in which players assemble a story by piecing it together from the archival memorabilia left behind. I compare the use of this mechanic in immersive performances and videogames, analyzing Meow Wolf’s House of Eternal Return (2016–present) and Giant Sparrow’s What Remains of Edith Finch (2017) to argue that an archival adventure’s sense of liveness is created by a player, who arrives not to complete an extant story but to confound it with the confusing messiness of life. I lay out the conundrum of the archival – a concept associated with both death and life, certainty and uncertainty, written record and ephemeral performance – and discuss how the archival adventure confounds and plays with these oppositions. Finally, I examine its gender dynamics to show how these works can fulfill the promise of queer and feminist archival poetics.
The second clinical survey of the population-based study on health and living conditions in regions with Sami and Norwegian populations – the SAMINOR 2 Clinical Survey: Performing indigenous health research in a multiethnic landscape
Authors: Broderstad Ann Ragnhild , Hansen Solrunn , Melhus Marita
Published: May 2019

Background Globally, there is a huge lack of relevant research about widespread lifestyle diseases and living conditions in indigenous communities. Northern and Middle Norway have a history of multiple ethnic groups and the Sami has been acknowledged as the indigenous people of Norway by the Norwegian State. The SAMINOR 2 Clinical Survey, a part of the SAMINOR Study, was carried out to provide health information about the Sami population in Norway. Methods The cross-sectional population-based SAMINOR 2 Clinical Survey consists of both questionnaires and a clinical examination performed in 10 municipalities during 2012–2014. Results In total, 6004 men and women (participation rate 48%) aged 40–79 years took part in this study. In inland Finnmark, the Sami are in the majority (80–90%) as opposed to the coastline of Troms and Nordland, where the Sami population form a minority (20%). More women than men participated (54% versus 43%, respectively). Obesity was prevalent in this sample and a high mean glycated haemoglobin was observed. Conclusions: This article describes the methods and data collection of the SAMINOR 2 Clinical Survey and presents some characteristics of the sample. The definition of ethnic groups is a core question in the survey and includes several criteria. To ensure that indigenous values and priorities are reflected in the research themes, we recommend that future research projects be directed in close collaboration with the Sami Parliament and the local communities.
Examining job satisfaction among analysts: the impact of departmental integration, role clarity, and it responsibilities
Authors: Green Emilee , Rossler Michael T.
Published: May 2019

Previous research has indicated that a lack of departmental integration and role clarity, as well as departmental expectations to provide information technology support beyond a crime-mapping capacity, are some of the most common occupational issues for crime and intelligence analysts. Although these challenges are noted, little research has attempted to test the hypotheses that these occupational issues are empirically related to analysts’ satisfaction with their jobs. Drawing upon a survey of 113 members of the International Association of Crime Analysts, the current inquiry tests whether departmental integration, role clarity, and information technology responsibilities impact analysts’ job satisfaction. Findings indicate that when analysts have a greater perception that their work is fully integrated into the mission of the department, and their role is clear, that job satisfaction is higher. Implications for future research and policy are also discussed.
Excavating and interpreting ancestral action: Stories from the subsurface of Orokolo Bay, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Urwin Chris
Published: May 2019

The Gulf of Papua, Papua New Guinea, is a rapidly changing geomorphic and cultural landscape in which the ancestral past is constantly being (re)interpreted and negotiated. This paper examines the importance of subsurface archaeological and geomorphological features for the various communities of Orokolo Bay in the Gulf of Papua as they maintain and re-construct cosmological and migration narratives. The everyday practices of digging and clearing for agriculture and house construction at antecedent village locations bring Orokolo Bay locals into regular engagement with buried pottery sherds (deposited during the ancestral hiri trade) and thin strata of ‘black sand’ (iron sand). Local interpretations and imaginings of the subsurface enable spatio-temporal interpretations of the ancestors' actions and the structure of ancestral settlements. These interpretations point to the profound entanglement of orality and material culture and suggest new directions in the comparative study of alternative archaeologies.
Resistance of building foundation to radon penetration
Authors: Gulabyants Loren , Livshits Mihail , Kalaydo Alexandr , Kovler Konstantin
Published: May 2019

Two-dimensional model of the steady-state diffusion radon transport from the soil to the ground floor of the building is developed. Radon concentration distributions in the soil and the living space are calculated at different foundation geometries. The model considers radon entry from enclosing structures, outside air, and diffusion from the soil. The radon field under the building is described. The quantitative criteria for the resistance of the building foundation to radon penetration from the soil are defined. It is found that the resistance of the ground slab to radon penetration and radon concentration in the plane of the soil structure contact have a decisive influence on indoor radon, and that the initial distribution of radon concentration in the soil changes significantly after the building erection. These changes depend on the radon potential in the soil, its radon permeability, resistance of the floor structure to radon penetration, and building geometry.
My friends, I’m #SOTALLYTOBER: A longitudinal examination of college students’ drinking, friends’ approval of drinking, and Facebook alcohol-related posts
Authors: Steers Mai-Ly N. , Neighbors Clayton , Wickham Robert E. , Petit Whitney E. , Kerr Bradley , Moreno Megan A.
Published: May 2019

Background

Literature has consistently shown a positive relationship between young adults’ social media alcohol-related posts and drinking outcomes; however, the reasons for this association and the psychosocial influences behind students’ posting of alcohol-related content are still unclear. Peer influences have been robustly shown to predict students’ drinking such that students’ perceptions of their friends’ drinking is positively associated with their own drinking.

Objective

Although research has demonstrated that online and offline peer influences are robust predictors of drinking among college students, perceptions of friends’ approval and students’ drinking in relation to alcohol-related posting have yet to be explored longitudinally.

Methods

The current multi-site, multi-method study examined students ( N=316; 58.7% female) from a Midwest (58.8%) and Northwest university over a 4-year period. All Facebook alcohol-related posts were coded each academic calendar year and perceived friends’ approval of drinking and students’ alcohol use were assessed annually. A lagged, random coefficients negative binomial model was specified to examine between- and within-person effects.

Results

After controlling for perceptions of friends’ alcohol-related posts, results revealed that time, drinking more, and perceiving friends as more approving of drinking were significantly and positively associated with posting alcohol-related content at the between-person level. Moreover, a significant interaction of Time X Drinking, with drinking at the between-person level, emerged such that heavier drinkers tended to post less often over time.

Conclusions

Increases in alcohol-related content posts are likely to over-inflate students’ drinking norms and their drinking. Thus, it is plausible that social media networks containing more alcohol-related content may contribute to cyclical increases in drinking for individuals within that network.