bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Randomized, double-blind, three-arm, parallel-group study to compare the efficacy and safety of a single dose of 100 and 200 mg of mifepristone for cervical ripening in term pregnancies
Authors: Orozco Leonardo J. , Guerrero Silvia , Rosales Mixel J. , Ramos Jose S.
Published: January 2021

Background: Mifepristone is an antiprogestin developed to antagonize the action of progesterone by inhibiting its receptors. It has had a recognized role in the medical termination of early pregnancy, reduction in the volume of uterine fibroids and endometriosis symptoms. A new indication for labor induction and cervical ripening in has been proposed. The objective was to compare the efficacy and safety of mifepristone 100 and 200 mg with placebo for cervical ripening in term pregnancies.Methods: Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 90 term pregnancy women randomly assigned to receive orally tablet of 100 mg and 200 mg mifepristone or placebo. Efficacy was assessed by measuring changes in cervical ripening according to Bishop 72 hours after treatment. Statistical analysis was using the t-student test and the chi-square test. The relative risk (RR) was determined with a 95% confidence interval.Results: The bishop score and the number of contractions at 48 hours in the group of 200mg of mifepristone presented a significantly higher mean value in relation to the placebo (p=0.04). At 72 hours, cervical length showed a significant difference (p<0.01) in both mifepristone groups compared to the placebo group. Also, at 72 hours a significant increase in the mean duration of contractions was demonstrated in the 100 mg mifepristone group.Conclusions: There was a significant increase in Bishop's score for the 200 mg mifepristone group probably due to a significant increase in contractions at 24 hours. No differences were observed between groups in adverse events.
Outcome of vaginal sildinafil in assisted reproductive technology cycles
Authors: Kapoor Avnika , Sharma Garima , Bakshi Rita
Published: January 2021

Background: The present study assessed the role of sildenafil in endometrial blood flow and successful pregnancy in IVF done in surrogate mothers.Methods: In the present study surrogate mothers were included. Thirty patients were randomized to receive sildenafil 25 mg thrice a day vaginally in addition to standard drugs and technique and another 30 were not given sildenafil.Results: Mean age, anthropometry, duration of infertility and pre-treatment endometrial thickness was similar in the two study groups.  After treatment completion, it was observed that the endometrial pattern in ultrasound was similar in the two study groups (p value=0.58). Heterogenic endometrial pattern was observed in 6.7% of the Sildenafil patients and 3.3% in the control patients, while echogenic pattern was seen in 10% of the sildenafil patients and 6.7% of the control patients. Similarly, endometrial thickness was 10.2±1.7 and 9.7±1.8 mm in sildenafil and control group respectively, p value=0.62. Using doppler ultrasound, uterine artery PI was significantly lower in Sildenafil group patients as compared to control group patients. Similarly, we found uterine artery RI was also significantly lower in the Sildenafil group patients as compared to control group patients. We followed the patients and found that clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher among Sildenafil group (60%) as compared to control group (26.6%), p value<0.05.Conclusions: Vaginal sildenafil resulted in significantly higher pregnancy rates in our study population. The uterine artery PI and RI were significantly lower in patients taking sildenafil.
A prospective study of intrauterine death cases at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Tai Nabila N. , Mulchandani Rinku , Modi Dipti A. , Rami Bijal
Published: January 2021

Background: Intrauterine fetal death is defined as foetus with no signs of life in utero after 20 weeks of gestations. Stillbirth is a useful index to measure the values of antenatal and intra-natal care. Intrauterine fetal death is due to various causes whether it be maternal causes, fetal causes or placental causes.Methods: It was a prospective study, conducted at SSG hospital, Vadodara over a period of 1 year from January 2019 to December 2019. All pregnant women coming to labour room with intrauterine fetal death with gestation age more than 28 weeks were included in study. It included complaints on admission, obstetric profile, mode of delivery, fetal outcomes, placental examination, condition of cord and investigation reports.Results: During the study period of one year, a total of 462 intrauterine fetal deaths were reported amongst 7295 deliveries conducted during the study period. Incidence rate calculated was 63/1000 births. Many of the intrauterine fetal death cases were associated with pregnancy induced hypertension and antepartum hemorrhage. Out of all intrauterine death cases, 410 cases delivered vaginally. Congenital anomalies were also found to be associated with intrauterine death cases.Conclusions: High risk pregnancy cases should be identified during routine antenatal check-ups so that intrauterine fetal death can be prevented. The mode of antepartum and intrapartum surveillance for fetal wellbeing should be advanced to prevent fetal demise.
Evaluation of thyroid dysfunction in patients with menstrual disorders of reproductive age group: a prospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Kumari Anupma , Rohatgi Renu , Singh Amrita
Published: January 2021

Background: Thyroid disorders specifically the hypothyroidism has been associated with menstrual disturbances in women of reproductive age group. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and its correlation with menstrual disorders in women of reproductive age group.Methods: A hospital based prospective analytical study was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Nalanda Medical College and Hospital, Patna from March 2017 to March 2018. 56 women of reproductive age group between 18 to 45 years presenting with menstrual disorders (like menorrhagia, oligo/hypomenorrhea, polymenorrhea, metrorrhagia, and amenorrhea) were recruited in this study. Thyroid function test was done in all patients. Statistical analysis done.Results: Maximum number of patients were seen in the age group of 31-40 years. Most common menstrual complain was menorrhagia (46.42%) followed by hypo/oligomenorrhoea (17.86%). In patients with menstrual disorders, 41.07 % had thyroid disorders in which subclinical hypothyroidism was prevalent in 17.86%, overt hypothyroidism in 12.5%, and overt hyperthyroidism in 5.35% of the women. Menorrhagia was the commonest menstrual disorder (52.94%) seen in hypothyroid patients followed by polymenorrhoea. A high degree positive correlation was observed between thyroid dysfunction and menstrual disorder (Pearson correlation coefficient, r=0.93).Conclusions: Our study concluded that thyroid dysfunction should be considered as an important etiological factor for menstrual irregularity. Thus, thyroid function tests should be performed in all patients with menstrual irregularities to avoid unnecessary interventions like curettage and hysterectomy.
Scrub typhus in pregnancy-a case series with variable presentation from mild to severe disease
Authors: Sheokand Seema , Singh Anju , Saha Pradip K. , Meena Manisha
Published: January 2021

Scrub typhus is an uncommon cause of acute febrile illness during pregnancy. It can lead to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes if not diagnosed early and treated appropriately. It manifests as mild febrile disease to severe form with multiorgan dysfunction. It might be clinically difficult to diagnose scrub typhus, hence it is important that those presenting with an acute febrile illness in endemic regions should have targeted investigations for early detection. Here we present successful management of three cases of scrub typhus in pregnancy with variable presentation of scrub typhus. Two of these presented in antenatal period whereas one in postnatal period resembling abdominal tuberculosis all three were tested COVID-19 (real time polymerase chain reaction) negative.
Endometrial stromal nodule: a rare entity presenting as fibroid polyp
Authors: Baghotia Priyanka , Madaan Monika , Pujani Mukta , Soni Neha
Published: January 2021

Endometrial stromal sarcoma are rare malignant tumours of the uterus, mainly presenting in premenopausal women, make around 0.2% of all uterine malignancies. The annual incidence of ESS is 1-2 per million women. Diagnosis is usually made post operatively by pathological findings either in endometrial sample or in hysterectomy specimen done for some underlying pathology. Management is total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo oophorectomy with hormone therapy in hormone sensitive cases. Ovaries can be preserved in young females with early-stage disease. We are presenting a case of endometrial stromal nodule in a 38 years old woman who presented to us with complaint of abnormal heavy uterine bleeding for one and half month.
Successful pregnancy after previous uterine rupture
Authors: Wakode Shamrao Ramjj , Bhat Varsha Narayana
Published: January 2021

Uterine rupture is a rare and catastrophic event with high fetal and maternal morbidity rate. It is most commonly seen in scarred uterus. Here we present a case of 30 years old female, gravida 3 para 2 living 0 with previous spontaneous uterine rupture at 28-30 weeks with still birth 3 years ago. She underwent emergency laparotomy with repair. She conceived spontaneously, admitted at 20 weeks of gestational age and close antenatal surveillance was done throughout the pregnancy. Corticosteroids was administered. At 36 weeks elective caesarean was planned, delivering via breech presentation to a live male baby of 2.5 kg, Apgar score of 8/10,9/10 at 1 and 5 minutes.
Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism: looking beyond ovarian senescence
Authors: Vatsa Richa , Suri Vanita , Choudahary Neelam , Arora Aashima , Sharma Shruti
Published: January 2021

Gonadotropin resistant ovary syndrome (GROS) is a rare cause of primary infertility where ovarian reserve is present but they fail to respond to gonadotropin stimulation. This condition can be easily confused with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) if thorough workup is not done as in both the cases serum FSH is high, but ovarian reserve is normal in GROS and low or absent in POI. So, we are presenting this case of GROS. A 28-year-old lady presented with oligomenorrhoea since menarche and primary infertility. On workup her serum FSH and LH levels were markedly elevated, serum estradiol was normal. Markers of ovarian reserve, ante Mullerian hormones (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC), were normal. Her autoantibody assay was also normal. She did not respond to stimulation with high doses of gonadotropins (uHMG). Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism is not always POI. We should not miss diagnosis of GROS where it is possible to have own biological child by in vitro maturation of immature oocytes, whereas in POI donor oocyte is the only fertility option.
Polycystic ovarian syndrome: pathogenesis and management
Authors: Thiam Coumba Aicha , Antoine Malyn M. L. K. , Antoine-Frank Chrystal D.
Published: January 2021

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that commonly affects women of reproductive age. Its prevalence varies quite significantly and its clinical presentation includes: reproductive, metabolic and psychological issues.  PCOS develops due to a variety of factors some of which are not yet fully understood. Due to the complexity in the development and presentation of this condition, the management of PCOS in most instances is complicated and involves the combination of pharmacological, non-pharmacological and surgical interventions. This review discusses the pathogenesis and management of PCOS as means of providing information that would enhance understanding and control of this disease.
Pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical analysis of Triphala Kajjali tablet-an ayurvedic herbomineral formulation for metabolic syndrome
Authors: Garasia Jaynika S. , Goyal Mandip , R. Harisha C. , Shukla Vinay J.
Published: January 2021

Background: Triphala is one of the most easily available and commonly used medicine which contains fine powder of three fruits viz. Terminalia chebula Retz. (Haritaki), Terminalia bellerica Roxb. (Bibhitaki) and Embilica officinalis Gaertn. (Amalaki) and is indicated as one of the drugs for management of disorders of Kapha and Meda. Due to bitter and astringent taste of Triphala in the powder form is a major complaint of the patients. So, to discover that form of Triphala, which is easy to take, effective in low dose, has long shelf life and simple to dispense is the need. For assurance of quality of herbal compounds pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical analysis should be done. Methods: Triphala Kajjali was subjected to microscopic evaluation for pharmacognostical, physiochemical analysis like hardness, weight variation, loss on drying, ash value, acid insoluble extract, pH value, water soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract and high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC).Results: Pharmacognostical study showed the presence of certain identifying characters of all of the ingredients of Triphala Kajjali that is Haritaki, Bibhitaki and Amalaki. In pharmaceutical study, preliminary physiochemical analysis showed that hardness of the tablet was 2.05 kg/cm2, ash value 4.03%w/w, loss on drying 5.5%w/w, water soluble extract 5.89%w/w, alcohol soluble extract 25.96%w/w and HPTLC showed 7 spots in 254 nm and 7 spots in 366 nm.Conclusions: Pharmacognostical and physico-chemical observations revealed the specific characters of all active constituents of Triphala Kajjali and confirmed the purity and genuinity of the drug.
Study correlating lymphocyte to monocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio with the severity in COVID-19 patients: a cross sectional study
Authors: S. Prabhu , Patil Nishant
Published: January 2021

Background: The objective of this study was to classify COVID-19 patients into severe and non-severe groups and to correlate lymphocyte to monocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio with the severity of COVID-19 patients.Methods: It was a cross sectional observational study conducted on hundred patients admitted to Victoria hospital, Department of Medicine, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore between June 2020 and August 2020. Complete clinical data of the patients were taken and examined thoroughly and cases were diagnosed and severity was classified as per interim guidelines of World Health Organization (WHO) and diagnosis and treatment guidelines of COVID-19 by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. and compared and correlated with lymphocyte-monocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio. A p<0.05 was considered significant. All analyses were performed using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software version 10.Results: The sample size in our study was 100 patients. The mean age of patients was 57.5 in severe and 35 in non severe COVID patients. Among these 67% were males and 33% were females. It was noted that, neutrophilia (median-88.5%) and lymphocytopenia (median-6.5) was seen among severe group. Also, the lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) was significantly low (p value-0.00*) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was high (p value-0.00*) and was statistically significant among severe COVID 19 patients.Conclusions: LMR, PLR were significantly different between severe and non severe patients, so assessment of LMR, PLR may help identify high risk COVID 19 patients at an early stage. In our study LMR showed an acceptable efficiency to separate COVID 19 patients among severe and non severe group with a sensitivity of 82.4% and specificity of 84.8%. Whereas PLR showed high specificity of 93.9% and sensitivity of 64.7%.
High-resolution computed tomography as a non-invasive imaging biomarker for interstitial lung diseases: a tertiary center study
Authors: Senger Krishna Pratap Singh , Singh Ankita
Published: January 2021

Background: Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are a heterogeneous group of non-neoplastic disorders resulting from damage to the lung parenchyma by varying patterns of inflammation and fibrosis. With high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) the pattern of lung damage can be mapped accurately which may help to identify specific ILD.Methods: 65 diagnosed cases of ILD by HRCT who were admitted to a tertiary care chest hospital, formed the study group. All these patients also underwent histopathological confirmation as per hospital protocol. The study was done over a period from August 2016 to July 2019. Clinical details, chest x-ray, HRCT and histopathological data was collected and analysed using 2x2 table for detecting sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV).Results: For diagnosing ILD like acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP), LIP and RB ILD the HRCT fared equally well in diagnostic utility as compared to histopathological examination. But in certain conditions like non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) the HRCT performed poorly in terms of PPV as compared to gold standard histopathology. In Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) and usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) again the HRCT performed fairly well as compared to gold standard.Conclusions: HRCT shows good correlation with histopathological diagnosis in identifying a various subtype of ILD and may thus serve a useful non-invasive, imaging biomarker not only for diagnosing a particular ILD but for prognostication and response to treatment.
Ascites in peripartum cardiomyopathy: case report
Authors: Dana I. Made Bayu Surya , Susanto Lisa Anggriani , Suryana Ketut
Published: January 2021

Ascites is the abnormal accumulation of excess fluid in peritoneal cavity.1 Normally, peritoneal cavity contains 25–50 mL of ascitic fluid, which allows for the movement of bowel loops past one other and helps hydrate serousal surfaces. Cirrhosis is the most common cause of ascites in the Western world (75%), followed by peritoneal malignancy (12%), heart failure (5%) (include peripartum cardiomyopathy), and peritoneal tuberculosis (2%). A 19-years-old woman diagnosed with peripartum cardiomyopathy. She came with chest pain and increased of her abdominal perimeter since 6 month ago, a month after she got cesarean delivery. She was given high protein and low sodium diet, water restriction, treated with furosemide 40 mg, spironolactone 25 mg, and abdominal paracentesis with total 1500 cc of yellowish ascites fluid was evacuated. Early detection is required in this case to ensure effective management without any complications. Treatment depends upon the cause of the ascites. Dietary sodium restriction and diuretics remains the first line therapy for its management. The use of diuretics needs close monitoring and follow up, including weight loss, electrolytes, and patient’s condition daily.
Utilization of delivery and postnatal health services by indigenous women of a hilly, remote district in India: a struggle for safe motherhood
Authors: Purohit Neha
Published: January 2021

Background: Maternal and new-born health remains issue of critical concern for the developing world. The day of Delivery and immediate postpartum period poses the greatest risk of survival for the mother as well as the child. The indigenous women in rural, remote areas face various geographical, climatic, socio-economic inequities, which further amplify health risks associated with delivery. The study aimed to identify the pattern of utilization of intrapartum and postpartum health services by indigenous women in rural, remote area and understand the challenges faced by them to access care.  Methods: A community based descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 41 far-flung villages of Lahaul and Spiti district in Himachal Pradesh, India, using a mixed-method approach of data collection. 103 females who had experienced delivery in past 2 years and were residents of Lahaul for minimum of 3 years, were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The quantitative data was analysed by SPSS-20. The qualitative data was transcribed and analysed thematically.  Results: The study highlighted the significant physical, psychological, financial and socio-cultural risks borne by the women of Lahaul in order to access biomedical care during maternity care. The prime cause of the grave situation was inadequacy of appropriate care in the health facilities of the district, which forced the women to migrate to areas with better healthcare facilities.Conclusions: The study stressed the need to establish comprehensive emergency, obstetric and new born care in the tribal area to reverse the disparities in the region and improve health outcomes.
Knowledge, attitude and practices associated with COVID-19 among undergraduate medical students of Rajasthan
Authors: Joshi Riecha , Takhar Rajendra , Jain Sanjay
Published: January 2021

Background: COVID-19 is a pandemic that has taken over the entire world and its KAP is important for medical students in order for them to be well-versed future health workers. To evaluate the adequacy of knowledge of medical students to deal with the ongoing pandemic and their attitudes and practices towards the prevention and control of the pandemic.Methods: A KAP study was conducted in the Undergraduate Medical Students of Rajasthan. A questionnaire was sent via Google forms through social media platforms to the participants. Statistical analysis done by ANOVA, student t-test.Results: The mean ± SD scores attained for knowledge, attitude and practices were 6.63±1.447, 16.45±2.589. The scores attained by different age groups, batches, colleges and genders were comparable. The knowledge of the students in regard of main symptoms (98.8.%), mode of spread (92.53%), time taken for the manifestation of the disease (97.35%) and precautions to prevent the spread of the virus (99.02%) is satisfactory, however, regarding the type of mask WHO advices for the general people in areas of widespread transmission with limited capacity for implementing control measures (31%), whether a COVID-19 positive mother should breastfeed her new born (43%), the knowledge isn’t adequate. 86% of the students are confident about being able to take care of symptoms. 72% students are positive about working as frontline workers.Conclusions: Positive attitude and practices are seen in medical students of Rajasthan, the knowledge is adequate and they can be a vital asset to spreading awareness about COVID-19.
Prescribing pattern of antidiabetic drugs in type 2 diabetes mellitus at a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India
Authors: Das Alak K. , Dutta Aishwarya , Maitiy Animesh , Sarkar Dipak K. , Nandy Manab , Ghosh Jinia
Published: January 2021

Background: Chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels. We aimed to evaluate the prescribing pattern of antidiabetic drugs among Type 2 DM (T2DM) outpatients in Medical College, Kolkata.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted over a period of three months in the Department of Pharmacology and Department of Endocrinology, Medical College, Kolkata. Detailed information of the participants regarding demography, medical history, duration of diabetes, family history of diabetes, prescribed antidiabetic medicines, comorbid conditions and associated medications were evaluated.Results: A total of 305 subjects with T2DM were included and 516 prescriptions were analyzed. 57% of the subjects were male. Majority of patients the were in the age group of 51-60 (37.7%) years. Most of them had history of diabetes between 1-5 years (46.26%) and most common comorbid condition was hypertension. The average number of antidiabetic medicines per prescription was 2.90. Antidiabetic drug was prescribed as monotherapy (5.23%) as well as combination of two (32.36%), three (38.17%), four (16.47%), five (7.17%) and six (0.58%) anti-diabetic drugs combinations. Among the oral antidiabetic (OAD) agents, metformin was most commonly prescribed (92.44%) while the most commonly prescribed injectable antidiabetic medicine was lispromix insulin (27.13%).Conclusions: The antidiabetic medicine prescribing trend appeared to be shifting towards combination therapy. Through a thorough understanding of the existing prescribing patterns, attempts may be made to improve the quality and efficiency of drug therapy.
Adverse events following immunization: orchestrated outcome of mothers' knowledge and behavior on vaccination practices
Authors: Mishra Neel M. , Dhingra Sandeep , Adhikari K. M.
Published: January 2021

Background: Adverse events following immunization (AEFI) are a common occurrence in children after vaccination and can lead to loss of trust in the immunization program. Fear of AEFIs is a major factor implicated in ‘Vaccine Hesitancy’ as seen in countries with high vaccination coverage and low burden of vaccine preventable diseases. The study aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers regarding AEFI and its impact on vaccination of their childrenMethods: A descriptive, cross sectional survey was conducted at the immunization clinic of a tertiary care hospital of western India. Mothers attending the immunization clinic were interviewed using a validated questionnaire. A sample size of 221 was derived based on the incidence of common AEFIs.Results: Awareness of AEFI was present in 86.4% participants while only 28% mothers confirmed that information regarding AEFIs was given to them at the time of immunization. Though awareness of minor side effects like fever (98%) and local reaction (85%) was good, less than 15% of the mothers were aware of serious AEFIs such as seizures and anaphylaxis. Only 66% mothers indicated that they would first consult their doctor in case of an adverse effect. Knowledge regarding true contraindications to vaccination was poor.Conclusions: Awareness of the possibility of AEFI was good and trust in immunization as a vital health intervention was intact. Awareness about serious AEFIs which necessitate prompt management was inadequate while that for minor side effects was satisfactory. Healthcare seeking behavior of mothers to serious AEFIs was appropriate.
Epigenetic modifications and their role in the development and disease progression of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Roy Abhijeet
Published: January 2021

Type 2 Diabetes is one of the major public health issues and a complex metabolic disorder strongly associated with genetic predisposition influenced by environmental factors and epigenetic regulation. This review paper illustrated the role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis, progression, and detection of Type 2 Diabetes. A review study was performed for the articles published in English from 2000-2019 using Pub Med, and Google Scholar databases. Main underlining mechanisms of Type 2 Diabetes were identified; insulin resistance in the peripheral tissue, and disintegrate insulin secretion. Genome Wide Association Studies suggested that epigenetic regulation such as DNA methylation, Histone modification, Non-coding RNA, microRNA is strongly related with the development of Type 2 Diabetes. Altered DNA methylation patterns in pancreatic islets, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, from diabetic subjects compare to normal subjects was also found. Other risk factors like; obesity, age, gender, impaired glucose tolerance, periconception and intrauterine environment may also have been linked with the possibilities of epigenetic changes. Epigenetics plays a crucial role by modifying the gene expression and establish a relationship between the environment and genetic factors. Understanding the epigenetic mechanisms contributing to the development of Type 2 Diabetes is still limited.
Combit response to COVID-19 pandemic in Odisha: future public health challenges and measures
Authors: Swain Dharitri , V. R. Vijay , Das Hrushikesh , Issac Alwin , Stephen Shine , Jacob Jaison
Published: January 2021

COVID-19 is considered as a public health emergency of International concern (PHEIC) and thus a pandemic with an explosive increase rate of infection worldwide. The mobilization of resources to prevent and treat COVID-19 infections is unparalleled in the history of public health. Different measured has been adopted by the different state to fight against COVID-19. The preparedness level to control this pandemic has been rapid and unprecedented and made possible by the coordination between center and state govt. To minimize the infectivity and controlling the COVIID-19 disaster, Odisha was the first state to announce lockdown 2.0, following strict quarantine guidelines, community monitoring for home quarantine people, and extending care by establishing COVID hospital. This paper is based on a review of the preparedness strategy adopted in Odisha state govt. for controlling COVID-19.  The major objective was to review the recent preparedness level in the state of Odisha for maintaining a very low mortality rate and could be used as a model to deal with future challenges for effectively handling COVID-19.  We searched literature related to COVID -19 published between December 20, 2019, and August 31, 2020, in the website archive of the Ministry of health and family welfare Government of India and Odisha, journal repositories such as Google Scholar, Pub Med, Science Direct, etc.  We identified 35 studies that met the search criteria for inclusion in the review. The review would be useful for adopting a community preparedness and complication readiness model for effective management of COVID-19 cases.
Assessment of complications in treating the fracture around knee joint by using locking compression plate
Authors: Kumar Surender , Khichar Himanshu
Published: January 2021

Background: Aim of the study was to describe complications and problems in treating the fracture around knee joint by using LCP (locking compression plate).

Methods: This multicentric prospective functional out-come study has been conducted in the department of orthopedics, Barmer medical college and hospital, Barmer, Rajasthan and department of orthopedics, Pacific institute of medical sciences, Udaipur, Rajasthan. A total of 90 patients were studied, out of which 60 patients were with fracture distal femur and 30 patients were with proximal tibia fractures.

Results: Out of 44 patients of distal femur fracture group 10 (22.72%) had infection where as in proximal tibia fracture group 4 (15.38%) out of 26 patients (all were operated by ORIF technique) had infection. Varus deformity was found in 3 patients (6.66%) of distal femur fracture patients and 4 patients (15.38%) of proximal tibia fracture patients out of these 3 were operated by ORIF and 1 by MIPO. Muscle wasting was found in 20 patients (40.44%) of distal femur fracture patients. Limb shortening was found in 7 patients (15.90%) of distal femur fracture. Limp shortening was present in 17 patients (38.60%) of distal femur fracture and 4 patients (15%) of proximal tibia fracture out of these 4 were operated by ORIF and 1 by MIPO. Delayed Union was found in two patients (4.54%) of distal femur fracture patients. Non-union with plate breakage and Non-union with plate loosening each were found in one patient (2.25%). Extension lapse was found in four patients (9.09%) of distal femur fracture and 1 patient (5.88%) of proximal tibia fracture.

Conclusion: We concluded that MIPO technique was best.
Krąg rodzinny Katarzyny z Sienna Myszkowskiej (zm. 1619), podczaszyny lubelskiej. Studium genealogiczno-obyczajowe
Authors: Anusik Zbigniew
Published: January 2021

Katarzyna Sienieńska herbu Dębno była przedstawicielką znanego senatorskiego rodu. Na podstawie przebadanych źródeł można było pokusić się o nakreślenie zarysu jej biografii. Autor przedstawił koleje jej losu od wczesnej młodości aż do śmierci. W życiorysie Katarzyny z Sienna istotny wydaje się fakt, że aż trzy razy wychodziła ona za mąż. Była kolejno żoną stolnika przemyskiego Jana Biejkowskiego, podsędka przemyskiego Mikołaja Ostrowskiego oraz podczaszego lubelskiego Stanisława Myszkowskiego. Dzięki tym małżeństwom zgromadziła znaczny majątek. Z drugim mężem miała córkę Zuzannę, a z trzecim syna Maurycego i córkę Annę. Dzieje życia Katarzyny z Sienna Myszkowskiej zostały przedstawione na szerokim tle historycznym. Autor opracował genealogię lubelskiej linii Sienieńskich, nieznanej autorom herbarzy, z której pochodziła bohaterka tego opracowania. Przytoczył także wiele faktów z życia rodzin kolejnych mężów Katarzyny. Sporo miejsca poświęcił również sprawom majątkowym Sienieńskich, Biejkowskich, Ostrowskich i Myszkowskich. Przedstawił też dzieje zaciętej walki o spadek po Katarzynie między jej dziećmi a pasierbem, Janem Myszkowskim. Do tekstu artykułu załączono interesującą relację źródłową, gdzie przedstawiono przebieg gwałtownego sporu o gospodę, w której główną rolę odegrała Katarzyna ze swoim mężem Stanisławem Myszkowskim.
Niedatowana relacja o kościele parafialnym w Rembieszycach ze zbiorów Archiwum Diecezjalnego w Kielcach (trzecia ćwierć XIX wieku)
Authors: Karkocha Małgorzata
Published: January 2021

Rzymskokatolicka parafia w Rembieszycach (woj. świętokrzyskie) powstała w 1438 r. z inicjatywy rodu Odrowążów – właścicieli Rembieszyc i pobliskich wiosek. Źródła historyczne poświadczają w okresie staropolskim obecność dwóch kościołów parafialnych: najstarszy, wzniesiony przed 1438 r., uległ zniszczeniu w wyniku starości; drugi, wystawiony w 1751 r. staraniem miejscowego proboszcza Ludwika Sakiewicza, spłonął w latach dziewięćdziesiątych XVIII stulecia w bliżej nieznanych okolicznościach. W latach 1798–1799 ówczesny kolator Franciszek Saryusz Wolski ufundował trzecią świątynię, która przetrwała do dziś w niemal niezmienionej formie, stanowiąc cenny zabytek drewnianej architektury sakralnej na ziemiach polskich. Publikowany dokument przedstawia wygląd i stan tego obiektu sakralnego w drugiej połowie XIX w., opisuje jego wystrój i wyposażenie, pomniki nagrobne, wyszczególnia kolejnych księży pracujących w parafii. Źródło to w istotny sposób wzbogaca naszą wiedzę na temat miejscowej świątyni i samej parafii.
Schnitte, Einstiche, Öffnungen – Stichpunkte zu einer einschneidenden Literatur (Kleist, Büchner, Jahnn, Heiner Müller)
Authors: Schütte Uwe
Published: January 2021

Der Aufsatz verfolgt anhand mehrerer Stichproben die diachronen Spuren einer Poetik des Messers in der deutschen Literatur. Die Werke der behandelten Autoren aus der Zeit um 1800 bis zum späten 20. Jahrhundert können aufgrund ihrer gemeinsamen, wenngleich unterschiedlich ausgeprägten Tendenz zu Grenzüberschreitung durch affektive Aufladung von Sprache und dem Ausdruck eines radikalen Wahrheitswillens einem Begriff extremistischer Literatur zugerechnet werden, die sich in jeweils unterschiedlicher Ausprägung um die Metapher des Messers zentriert, das dem menschlichen Körper gewaltsam zu Leibe rückt.
Verfremden und Verdrängen. Die Temperierung der Aggressivität in der politischen Lyrik Bertolt Brechts
Authors: Waszak Tomasz
Published: January 2021

Revolutionäre Gewalt lässt sich als eine Form der Aggressivität auffassen; freilich als eine solche, die sich diesen Namen selten selbst zulegt. So ist auch von der politischen Lyrik, die die Revolution gutheißt, zu erwarten, dass sie eine direkte Darstellung aggressiver Verhaltensweisen meiden wird. Dies trifft auch auf die Gedichte Bertolt Brechts zu, auch wenn der Autor im Allgemeinen als ein von der Aggression Faszinierter gilt. Mit welchen Mitteln er die politisch konnotierte Aggressivität temperierte, wird im vorliegenden Aufsatz untersucht. Eines von ihnen ist die Verfremdung, die auf der Dekontextualisierung der Handlungen oder auf einem Wechsel der Gattungskonvention beruht. Ein anderes ist die Verdrängung, die sich der ‚klassischen‘ Mittel der Verdichtung und Verschiebung bedient. Abschließend wird nach dem ästhetischen Konzept gesucht, das von den besprochenen Temperierungstechniken impliziert wird.
Die Abwesenheit des Protagonisten und sein Schattenbild in "Wallensteins Lager" von Friedrich Schiller
Authors: Aoki Atsuko
Published: January 2021

Wallensteins Lager zeichnet die Konturen des Protagonisten durch dessen Abwesenheit. Nicht in der Gestalt des wirklichen Wallenstein, sondern als Schattenbild im Lager erscheint das tragische Schicksal, das er erleiden muss: den Verrat, den Verlust der Kontrolle über seine Armee und sein gewaltsamer Tod. Das Schattenbild des Protagonisten verwandelt die Gerüchte im Lageralltag in Wahrheit und die Wahrheit in Geschichte. Der Aufsatz untersucht die Bedeutung des Schattenbildes und klärt den Subjektbegriff Schillers nach seinem Kant-Erlebnis.
Die Kritik der gesellschaftlichen Verhältnisse in Marek Fiedors Bühnenbearbeitung von Franz Kafkas "Der Proceß" für das Teatr Polski in Poznań 2004
Authors: Szymańska Eliza
Published: January 2021

Franz Kafka gehört zu den außergewöhnlichen Autoren, die nie ein Drama geschrieben haben und doch immer wieder auf den Theaterbühnen gespielt werden. Auch in Polen greifen sehr oft Theaterregisseure auf Kafkas Romane und Erzählungen zurück, um sie für das Theater zu adaptieren. Wenn dies – wie es bei Marek Fiedor der Fall ist – einer der erfolgreichsten polnischen Regisseure tut, so erfordert diese Tatsache besondere Aufmerksamkeit. Der folgende Beitrag hat Fiedors Bühnenbearbeitung von Kafkas Der Proceß aus dem Jahre 2004 zum Gegenstand seiner Analyse und zeigt, dass Kafkas Texte sich trotz der großen Skepsis vieler Wissenschaftler erfolgreich auf die Bühne bringen lassen.
Semantische Überflutung. Heiner Müllers "Herakles 5"
Authors: Thinnes Verena
Published: January 2021

Die Untersuchung zeigt beispielhaft an dem Drama Herakles 5, welche dramaturgischen Strategien Heiner Müller im Umfeld der normativen und restriktiven Vorgaben der SED-Kulturpolitik einsetzt. Letztere werden weder missachtet noch befolgt, sondern zitiert. Müllers spezifische Zitatpraxis leitet dabei gezielt Polyvalenzen und Ambiguitäten in den Text ein und bewirkt so eine semantische Überflutung, die das Ideal eines positiven sozialistischen Arbeiterhelden erodiert. Herakles 5 zitiert darüber hinaus nicht nur die gesellschaftlichen Diskurse einer größeren Öffentlichkeit seines Entstehungsumfeldes, sondern auch Spezialdiskurse zu Theaterprogrammen und -spielweisen, wie zum Beispiel Brechts Durchrationalisierung des Mythos, und verweist damit auf sich selbst als Theater.
Abschied von der Republik. Kommentare zur Preu-ßischwerdung Danzigs in der deutschsprachigen Literatur um 1800
Authors: Brandt Marion
Published: January 2021

Der vorliegende Aufsatz untersucht, in welcher Weise zeitgenössische Autoren die Einnahme Danzigs durch Preußen im Jahr 1793 kommentieren. Angesichts des Untergangs der Freien Stadt und einer für die Autoren signifikanten Ablehnung der preußischen Regierungsform unter den Danziger Bürgern wird die Reflexion über die ideale Staatsform zu einem der Schwerpunkte ihrer Werke. Während der anonyme Autor der Briefe über Danzig (1794), Carl B. Feyerabend (Kosmopolitische Wanderungen…, 1798) und August Graf von Lehndorff (Meine Reise ins blaue Ländchen …, 1799) der republikanischen Regierung den aufgeklärten Absolutismus des preußischen Staates vorziehen, verteidigt Johannes Daniel Falk in seinem autobiographischen Roman Leben, wunderbare Reisen und Irrfahrten des Johannes von der Ostsee (1805) den Republikanismus gegenüber der preußischen Ordnung. Die im Aufsatz vorgestellten Positionen lassen sich als Teil einer Diskussion um die ideale Regierungsform verstehen, die im Umfeld der Französischen Revolution geführt wurde.
ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ-ПРИМЕСИ В УГЛЯХ МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯ ФАНДЮШКИНСКОЕ ПОЛЕ (БЕРИНГОВСКИЙ КАМЕННОУГОЛЬНЫЙ БАССЕЙН, ЧУКОТКА)
Authors: Скиба Дарья Александровна , Кузеванова Евгения Владимировна , Шишов Евгений Павлович
Published: January 2021

Актуальность. Изучение возможности комплексной переработки углей Беринговского каменноугольного бассейна на предмет извлечения различных элементов-примесей вызвано необходимостью повышения уровня экономического развития и безопасности Чукотского автономного округа. Это особенно важно в контексте его географического расположения в районе Крайнего Севера и труднодоступности.В настоящее время из-за довольно высокой себестоимости добычи и повышенной зольности (до 30 %) угли нижних пачек месторождения «Фандюшкинское поле» пользуются небольшим спросом на рынке, хотя составляют значительную часть запасов. Потенциальная возможность оценки данных углей еще и с точки зрения наличия попутных полезных компонентов могла бы увеличить ценность добываемого сырья. Цель: определить перспективность территории на предмет повышенных содержаний элементов-примесей и выявить направления дальнейших исследований. Объекты: Беринговский каменноугольный бассейн, угленосные отложения позднемелового возраста Алькатваамского угленосного района, месторождение «Фандюшкинское поле» и его фланги. Методы: отбор проб,построение литологических колонок и разрезов, инструментальный нейтронно-активационный анализ. Результаты. Дана геохимическая характеристика углей месторождения «Фандюшкинское поле» (Алькатваамский угленосный район, Чукотский автономный округ) на основе данных, полученных с помощью инструментального нейтронно-активационного анализа. Установлено, что вуглях месторождения «Фандюшкинсоке поле» Беринговского каменноугольного бассейна и его флангов концентрации цинка, стронция, гафния, скандия и редкоземельных элементовнаходятся на уровне минимально-промышленных содержаний в известных типах руд. Данные о содержании некоторых элементов-примесей в углях изученного месторождения публикуются впервые.
ТЯЖЕЛЫЕ МЕТАЛЛЫ В ГОРОДСКИХ ПОЧВАХ: ОЦЕНКА СОДЕРЖАНИЯ И ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО РИСКА
Authors: Жарикова Елена Анатольевна
Published: January 2021

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью выявления особенностей накопления тяжелых металлов в почвах урболандшафтов Владивостока и Уссурийска и установления величины потенциального экологического риска. Целью работы является оценка геохимического состояния почв различных функциональных зон урболандшафтов с использованием нескольких индексов загрязнения. Методы. Валовое содержание элементов в почвах определяли методом рентгенфлуоресцентного анализа на спектрометре EDX-800HS (Shimadzu). Результаты. Под влиянием сильной техногенной нагрузки в верхних горизонтах почв урболандшафтов в наибольшей степени накапливаются хром, медь, цинк и свинец. Содержание ванадия, кобальта и никеля сравнимо с кларком или ниже его. Средние и максимальные значения комплексных коэффициентов загрязнения PLI и NPI свидетельствуют о деградации поверхностного слоя городских почв и сильной степени загрязнения тяжелыми металлами. Потенциальный экологический риск колеблется от незначительного до среднего. Степень загрязнения почв различных функциональных зон увеличивается в следующем ряду: рекреационная<многоэтажной застройки<транспортно-селитебная<малоэтажной застройки, уровень загрязнения варьирует от оценки «чиста почва» до оценки «сильно загрязненная почва». В некоторых почвах рекреационной зоны выявлена слабая аккумуляция хрома, цинка и меди. В почвах зоны многоэтажной застройки во Владивостоке обнаружено накопление хрома, меди, свинца и цинка (от слабого до среднего), а в Уссурийске отмечено только накопление меди. В почвах транспортно-селитебной зоны и зоны малоэтажной застройки с разной степенью интенсивности аккумулируются хром, медь, свинец и цинк. Более высокие значения как индивидуальных (Igeo, EF, PI), так и комплексных показателей загрязнения (NPI, PLI, PERI) выявлены в почвах Владивосток.
ГЕОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ НАКОПЛЕНИЯ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ В ЛАНДШАФТАХ ЮЖНОГО УРАЛА
Authors: Шабанов Михаил Викторович , Стрекулев Григорий Борисович
Published: January 2021

Актуальность.На исследуемой территории развиты различные типы ландшафтов, которые интенсивно используются как в сельскохозяйственном, так и в горнопромышленном производстве.Добыча и переработка рудного сырья вовлекает в круговорот химические элементы, которые аэрогенным или атмогенным путем попадают в окружающие ландшафты и загрязняют их. Это приводит к трансформации ландшафтов, появляются техногенные и геохимические аномалии. Поэтому эколого-геохимическая характеристика позволяет выявить основные техногенные факторы, оказывающие негативное влияние на окружающие ландшафты. Цель: оценить геохимические уровни тяжелых металлов природных и антропогенных ландшафтов. Объекты: почвы природных и техногенных ландшафтов. Методы: отбор и подготовка почв, определение элементного состава почв инструментальным инверсионно вольтамперометрическим методом. Результаты.Приведены результаты геохимических исследований почв природных и техногенных ландшафтов (западной части Челябинской области и востока республики Башкортостан). Для оценки степени загрязнения было рассчитано фоновое содержание для тяжелых металлов Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni и Co. На исследуемой территории выделено несколько типов ландшафтов (горный, предгорный, степной и лесной). Произведена оценка негативного влияниягорно-металлургических предприятий черной и цветной металлургии, карьерно-отвальных массивов рудного и нерудногоматериала на загрязнение почв.Установлено, что максимальное превышение фонового содержания тяжелых металлов – вблизи металлургических комбинатов, в наименьшей степени – вблизи карьерно-отвальных систем. По данным индекса суммарного загрязнения установлено, что почвы ландшафта классифицируются от средней до сильной степени загрязнения. По индексу геоаккумуляции выявлены основные центры загрязнения и составлены карты-схемы.
Acute Toxicity Assessment of Mercury Chloride to Freshwater Air Breathing Fish Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758): In vivo Study
Authors: Kumari Khushbu , Chand Gyanendra Bahadur
Published: January 2021

Background: Mercury is the most noxious heavy metal. Because of its environmental persistence and ability to be accumulated in the fatty tissues of aquatic organism, it poses serious threat to the fish community. Methods: In the present study, freshwater air breathing fish Clarias batrachus were exposed separately to different concentrations of Mercury chloride (HgCl2) for 24 hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs and 96 hrs. Firstly, median lethal concentration (LC50) of HgCl2 to fish was determined by Probit analysis and was confirmed by pilot test. The behavioral and locomotary changes were monitored.Result: Test group showed random irregular and rapid swimming, restless activity. Along with these activities the test group became hyperactive, started jumping and changing their direction and position in an irregular manner. Some of the noticeable physiological symptoms during the initial stage of toxicity assessment were rapid opercular movement and frequent gulping of air. Both jerky movement and rapid respiratory response were reported to be occasional and slower in the longer duration exposure. Acute toxicity assessment provides first hand information to keep a check on pollution and to observe and track rigours of aquatic ecosystems.
Role of Silicon in Sustainable Fruit Production under Stress Conditions: A Review
Authors: Ladon Tanzin , Verma Praveen , Chauhan Akriti
Published: January 2021

Silicon is a beneficial element as it can significantly improve the growth, yield and quality of fruit crops through silicon-enhanced resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Mechanisms involved in alleviation of abiotic and biotic stresses are stimulation of antioxidant system in plants, complexation or co-precipitation of toxic metal ions with Si, immobilization of toxic metal ions, exclude uptake of toxic metal ions and vacuolar compartmentation of metal ions. The ignorance of plant physiologists is because of the visible symptoms of either Si deficiency or toxicity are not apparent and because of the abundance of the element in nature. Whereas, repeated cropping and the constant application of chemical fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium have depleted the amount of Si that is available to plants in the soil. Awareness of Si deficiency in soil is now being recognized as a limiting factor for crop production and application of silicon fertilizer is practised worldwide, however there is limited case study regarding use of silicon fertilizer in our country despite its many advantages.