bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety Comparison of Laryngeal Mask Use With Endotracheal Intubation in Patients Undergoing Dacryocystorhinostomy Surgery
Authors: Dumas George A. , Bryant Ayesha S. , Ibey Justin , Long John A. , Vicinanzo Matthew G. , Boyd Gwendolyn L.
Published: August 2017

Purpose:

This study will determine the safety of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) compared with endotracheal tube (ETT) in patients undergoing general anesthesia for dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) surgery.

Methods:

In this retrospective cohort study, intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of patients who underwent DCR at UAB Callahan Eye Hospital using either LMA or ETT were compared.

Results:

Over a period of 52 months, 429 patients underwent external DCR surgery. An ETT was used in 37 patients and LMA in 392 patients. Baseline patient characteristics and anesthetic management were similar. No documented cases of blood or gastric aspiration occurred in the total cohort. Our study confirmed the findings of others that there is less cardiovascular lability on LMA placement than with ETT intubation.
1
A 30% increase in heart rate from baseline after intubation (ETT 10.8%, LMA 1.8%; p = 0.010) and after incision (ETT 8.1%, LMA 1.8%; p = 0.047) occurred more frequently in the ETT group. Airway management with an LMA was also less difficult compared with an ETT (ETT 5.7%, LMA 0.5%; p = 0.035).

Conclusions:

The use of an LMA for airway control is safe and effective in patients undergoing general anesthesia for DCR surgery. No events of aspiration occurred with LMA use. Heart rate increase was significantly less in the LMA group. In our opinion, use of an LMA for airway control during DCR surgery is superior to use of an ETT. Airway protection, improved hemodynamics, and less difficulty in placement of the laryngeal airway device are all validated by this study.
Spouse criticism and hostility during marital interaction: effects on pain intensity and behaviors among individuals with chronic low back pain
Authors: Burns John W. , Post Kristina M. , Smith David A. , Porter Laura S. , Buvanendran Asokumar , Fras Anne Marie , Keefe Francis J.
Published: August 2017

Individuals with chronic pain may experience negative responses from spouse, family, and friends. Responses such as overt criticism and hostility may be associated with worsening pain and function for chronic pain sufferers. We used a laboratory procedure to evaluate whether variability in spouse criticism/hostility exhibited toward chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients during a conflictual discussion predicted variability in patient pain and function during a subsequent pain-induction task. Chronic low back pain patients (n = 71) and their spouses (n = 71) participated in a 10-minute discussion followed by the patient undergoing a 10-minute structured pain behavior task (SPBT). Spouse criticism/hostility perceived by patients and patient Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI) scores correlated significantly and positively with pain intensity during the SPBT, whereas perceived spouse hostility, patient BDI scores, and spouse trait hostility correlated significantly and positively with observed pain behaviors during the SPBT. Spouse criticism/hostility coded by raters from video recordings interacted significantly with patient BDI scores, such that observed spouse criticism/hostility was related significantly and positively with pain behaviors only for patients with high BDI scores. Patient sex interacted significantly with observed spouse criticism/hostility, such that observed spouse criticism/hostility was related significantly and positively with pain behaviors only for female patients. Results support the hypothesis that spouse criticism and hostility—actually expressed or perceived—may worsen CLBP patient symptoms. Further, women patients and patients high in depressive symptoms appeared most vulnerable to spouse criticism/hostility. Thus, negative marital communication patterns may be appropriate targets for intervention, especially among these 2 at risk groups.
Predictive Value of Computed Tomography Scans and Clinical Findings for the Need of Endoscopic Necrosectomy in Walled-off Necrosis From Pancreatitis
Authors: Finkelmeier Fabian , Sturm Christian , Friedrich-Rust Mireen , Bojunga Jörg , Sarrazin Christoph , Tal Andrea , Hausmann Johannes , Zeuzem Stefan , Zangos Stephan , Albert Jörg , Farnik Harald
Published: August 2017

Objectives

Choosing the best treatment option at the optimal point of time for patients with walled-off necrosis (WON) is crucial. We aimed to identify imaging parameters and clinical findings predicting the need of necrosectomy in patients with WON.

Methods

All patients with endoscopically diagnosed WON and pseudocyst were retrospectively identified. Post hoc analysis of pre-interventional contrast-enhanced computed tomography was performed for factors predicting the need of necrosectomy.

Results

Sixty-five patients were included in this study. Forty patients (61.5%) were diagnosed with pseudocyst and 25 patients (38.5%) with WON. Patients with WON mostly had acute pancreatitis with biliary cause compared with more chronic pancreatitis and toxic cause in pseudocyst group (P = 0.002 and P = 0.004, respectively). Logistic regression revealed diabetes as a risk factor for WON. Computed tomography scans revealed 4.62% (n = 3) patients as false positive and 24.6% (n = 16) as false negative findings for WON. Reduced perfusion and detection of solid findings were independent risk factors for WON.

Conclusions

Computed tomography scans are of low diagnostic yield when needed to predict treatment of patients with pancreatic cysts. Reduced pancreatic perfusion and solid findings seem to be a risk factor for WON, whereas patients with diabetes seem to be at higher risk of developing WON.
Metastatic Acinic Cell Carcinoma to the Vagina: A First Reported Case
Authors: Hom Marianne , Fong Andrew , Sanford Melissa , Mhawech-Fauceglia Paulette
Published: August 2017

This is a case of a 62-year-old woman with a remote history of acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland, who presented with a palpable vaginal mass, anterior vaginal wall prolapse, and stress urinary incontinence. A 2 cm firm mobile mass on the anterior vaginal wall was found on clinical examination. A computed tomographic scan revealed a mass between the vaginal vault and bladder that was eventually surgically excised. The histology, supported by the immunohistochemistry, revealed metastatic acinic cell carcinoma to the vagina after 37 years of her initial diagnosis. This is the first reported case in the literature to occur in the vagina.
Off the Radar? Addressing housing disrepair to improve health in later life
Authors: Adams Susan Marie
Published: August 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the pivotal role of initiatives that address housing disrepair, home improvements and adaptations as a way of improving health, independence and quality of life in older age.

Design/methodology/approach

The author uses data from housing and health, combined with the author’s experience of policy formulation as well as working with older people and developing practical services, particularly those which address private sector housing stock condition.

Findings

As well as its massive economic impact, housing greatly affects people’s health and wellbeing, not only in later life but across the life course. In England, there is a long history of systematic, government backed action to improve and maintain housing stock condition. There are significant economic and social gains from a coherent national response to addressing private sector housing disrepair, including creation of employment opportunities, economic stimulus through enabling best use of assets, as well as health and social care gains. In addition to increasing housing supply through building much needed new homes, existing housing stock disrepair needs once again to be “on the radar” of policy makers operating across health, social care and housing. Concerted action to make homes safe, healthy places to live in later life, whatever an older person’s tenure, requires vision and innovation and is an essential element in the integration of health, social care – and housing. With significant funding constraints in local authorities, especially for adult social care, and in the context of growing pressures on the NHS, sustaining good health in later life is more important than ever. There is a compelling case for cross-sector action to reduce health hazards in ordinary, private housing, given that 79 per cent of older people who live in non-decent homes are owner occupiers. This is an opportune moment for Health and Wellbeing Boards to take a lead on this issue at a local level, as well as time to put housing stock condition back “On the Radar” of national government policy.

Social implications

There is a need to embed practical housing services in the emerging integrated health and care systems in order to extend healthy later life for the majority of older people who live in mainstream housing.

Originality/value

The author draws on over 30 years’ experience of innovation, development and evaluation of older people’s housing, services and policy development to provide a vision for greater integration across health, care and housing.
Maternal and infant factors had a significant impact on birthweight and longitudinal growth in a South African birth cohort
Authors: Budree S , Stein DJ , Brittain K , Goddard E , Koen N , Barnett W , Myer L , Zar HJ
Published: August 2017

Aim

This birth cohort study investigated longitudinal infant growth and associated factors in a multiethnic population living in a low‐resource district surrounding the town of Paarl in South Africa.

Methods

Between March 2012 and October 2014, all mothers attending their second trimester antenatal visit at Paarl Hospital were approached for enrolment. Mother–infant pairs were followed from birth until 12 months of age. Comprehensive socio‐demographic, nutritional and psychosocial data were collected at birth, two, six and 12 months. Infant anthropometry was analysed as z‐scores for weight and height. Linear regression was used to investigate predictors of birthweight, and linear mixed‐effects models were used to investigate predictors of infant growth.

Results

Longitudinal anthropometric data from 792 infants were included: 53% were Black African, 47% were mixed race, and 15% were born preterm. Stunting occurred in 13% of infants at 12 months. Maternal height, antenatal alcohol and tobacco use, ethnicity and socioeconomic status were significant predictors of birthweight. In the adjusted mixed‐effects model, birthweight was a significant predictor of growth during the first year of life.

Conclusion

Birthweight was an important predictor of growth trajectory during infancy. Birthweight and growth were influenced by several important modifiable factors.
CLASS TRACKS AND EDUCATION OUTCOMES: EVIDENCE FROM A CHINESE UNIVERSITY
Authors: Feng Qiang , Li Ming , Ma Guangrong
Published: August 2017

This article investigates the effect of being assigned to different class tracks on education outcomes in higher education. We use administrative data from a Chinese university where students are assigned to two tracks of English education. Students in the high achieving track enjoy exposure to better peers, but receive less instruction time before taking a national English test. A regression discontinuity design establishes evidence that being assigned to the high achieving track has a negligible effect. Our analysis shows that the null impact is due to the offsetting effects of instruction time and peers. (JEL I21, I23)
Reduced prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen positivity among pregnant women born after the national implementation of immunoprophylaxis for babies born to hepatitis B virus‐carrier mothers in Japan
Authors: Sugiyama Aya , Ohisa Masayuki , Nagashima Shintaro , Yamamoto Chikako , Chuon Channarena , Fujii Toshiko , Akita Tomoyuki , Katayama Keiko , Kudo Yoshiki , Tanaka Junko
Published: August 2017

Aim

We aimed to estimate hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity among birth year‐stratified pregnant women in Hiroshima, Japan, and compare prevalence rates between women born before and after implementation of a national immunoprophylactic vaccination program for babies born to hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier mothers in Japan.

Methods

Pregnant women who gave birth at all delivery hospitals/clinics in Hiroshima prefecture between 1 April 2010 and 31 March 2011 were eligible. Lists collected from each institution included survey items such as age (pregnant woman's birth year) and HBsAg and hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody (anti‐HCV) test results, which were posted anonymously and non‐consolidated from medical records. We calculated the HBsAg and anti‐HCV prevalence in our cohort according to the mothers' birth year.

Results

In 41 of 58 hospitals/clinics, 15 233 and 15 035 pregnant women underwent HBsAg and anti‐HCV testing, corresponding to 59.6% and 58.9% of 25 546 births in the 2010 fiscal year, respectively. The overall HBsAg positive rate was 0.51% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40–0.63%), and an extremely low prevalence (0.10%; 95% CI, 0.00–0.25%) was observed among pregnant women born after 1986. However, the prevalence in this study was slightly higher than the nationwide value (0.31%) and the Chugoku region‐specific value (0.46%) among first‐time blood donors at Japanese Red Cross blood centers between 2001 and 2006. No significant difference in anti‐HCV positivity was observed.

Conclusion

Only two pregnant women born after the preventive program implementation were HBsAg‐positive. Perinatal HBV transmission is estimated to be almost completely inhibited in the next generation.
Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition contributes to invasion in squamous cell carcinomas originated from actinic keratosis through the differentiated pathway, whereas proliferation plays a more significant role in the classical pathway
Authors: Saenz‐Sardà X. , Carrato C. , Pérez‐Roca L. , Puig L. , Ferrándiz C. , Ariza A. , Fernández‐Figueras M.‐T.
Published: August 2017

Background

Every actinic keratosis (AK) starts with atypia at the basal layers of the epidermis (AK I). Progression into invasive squamous cell carcinoma (iSCC) may occur following two main pathways, classical and differentiated. In the former, iSCC only occurs after involvement of the upper epidermal layers by atypical cells (AK III), while in the latter iSCC develops directly from AK I. In the anogenital mucosa, these two pathways are associated with differential expression of p53 and p16.

Objective

To explore differences between both pathways in the pathogenesis of AK, focusing on Ki67, p53, p16 and molecules that reveal epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Methods

Tissue microarrays representative of superficial and deep portions of 80 consecutive iSCCs (53 DP/27CP) were studied immunohistochemically using antibodies against Ki67, p53, p16, vimentin, E‐cadherin, β‐catenin and D2‐40. The evaluation was performed by three researchers and the results compared to consensus.

Results

Invasive squamous cell carcinomas originated through the differentiated pathway exhibited significantly lower proliferative activity (Ki67) (30% vs 46%, P = 0.003) and significantly lower expression of vimentin (P < 0.001), E‐cadherin (P < 0.001) and membranous β‐catenin (P < 0.001) than iSCCs developed through the classical pathway. The expression of E‐cadherin and membranous β‐catenin was significantly correlated (Pearson's r = 0.386, Spearman's Rho < 0.001). There were no significant differences regarding the expressions of p53, p16 and D2‐40.

Conclusion

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition participates in transformation from AK I into iSCC (differentiated pathway), whereas a higher proliferative capacity facilitates intraepidermal extension in the classical pathway. Podoplanin, which is also involved in tumour invasion, does not seem to play a differential role in either pathway. Finally, the absence of differences in p53 and p16 expressions is at variance with other epithelia where the classical pathway is associated with human papillomavirus infection and can be explained by the fact that both AK pathways share identical mechanisms of actinic oncogenesis.
I Will Put My Law in Their Minds: Social Control and Cheating Behavior Among Catholics and Protestants
Authors: Quiamzade Alain , Sommet Nicolas , Laborde Javiera Burgos , L'Huillier Jean‐Paul , Guiso Luigi
Published: August 2017

Catholics and Protestants differ in terms of social autonomy versus heteronomy. We propose that the regulation of behavior in accordance with social norms depends on the social control exercised by an authority for Catholics more than it does for Protestants. Two experiments measured cheating behavior (the transgression of a social norm) as a function of the religious group (Protestant vs. Catholic) and social control (with vs. without). Catholics were found to be more responsive to social control, that is, to cheat less when social control was salient, whereas Protestants' behavior did not depend on this dimension. In Study 2, intrinsic‐extrinsic religiousness was found to mediate this difference. Results are discussed in the context of the effects of public policies based on social control.
Inflammatory bowel disease with primary sclerosing cholangitis: A Danish population‐based cohort study 1977‐2011
Authors: Sørensen Jakob Ørskov , Nielsen Ole Haagen , Andersson Mikael , Ainsworth Mark Andrew , Ytting Henriette , Bélard Erika , Jess Tine
Published: August 2017

Background and Aims

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be complicated by primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). We aimed to assess the characteristics of Danish PSC‐IBD patients and to compare their prognosis with IBD patients without PSC.

Methods

A retrospective nationwide population‐based cohort of 257 PSC‐IBD patients was assessed through Danish national registries and manual scrutiny of patient files.

Results

For all PSC‐IBD patients diagnosed after 1976 (n = 222) and 8231 IBD controls (ie, without PSC), the cumulative probability of resective surgery, liver transplantation, cancer, and survival from 1977 through 2011 was estimated and compared by log‐rank test and Cox regression. PSC‐IBD patients primarily had ulcerative colitis (UC) (72%), were diagnosed in young adulthood (median age at IBD diagnosis, 23 years), and 9% were smokers. Among PSC‐UC patients 78% had pancolitis at diagnosis. Among patients with PSC and Crohn's disease (CD) 91% had colonic involvement. The PSC‐IBD patients had a significantly higher probability of receiving resective surgery (HR; 2.13, 95% CI: 1.50‐3.03); of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) (HR; 21.4, 95% CI: 9.6‐47.6), of cholangiocarcinoma (HR; 190, 95% CI: 54.8‐660), and of dying (HR; 4.39, 95% CI: 3.22‐6.00) as compared to non‐PSC‐IBD controls. The 25‐year cumulative risk of liver transplantation was high (53%).

Conclusions

This unselected population‐based study shows that PSC‐IBD patients not only have an extensive phenotype of IBD, they are also treated more intensively than other patients with IBD. However, the prognosis remains poor and without any apparent improvement over calendar time.
Symposium on Arrigo Opocher and Ian Steedman (), Full Industry Equilibrium. A Theory of the Industrial Long Run, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Authors: Bellino Enrico , Bidard Christian , Fratini Saverio M. , Harcourt G.C. , Opocher Arrigo , Steedman Ian , Yoshihara Naoki , Kurz Heinz D.
Published: August 2017

After an editorial that motivates the symposium on the book by Arrigo Opocher and Ian Steedman, there are comments by five scholars (in alphabetical order). These deal with capital theoretic issues (Bellino), the labour demand curve (Bidard), the zero‐excess‐profit position in alternative theories of value (Fratini), the role of intermediate as opposed to final products in the setting of prices (Harcourt) and the role of time in the analysis (Yoshihara). Then follows a response by Opocher and Steedman.
Law and Precaution in the European Risk Society: The Case of EU Environmental Policy
Authors: Mathis Joseph D. , Corrias Luigi D.A.
Published: August 2017

Ulrich Beck characterized the transition from modern to late modern society as a shift from an industrial to a “risk society.” Contemporary society is challenged by negative side effects (“risks”) of modernization, including the increasing and imminent threat of global climate change. This article will test the validity of conceivable prescriptive elements associated with this sociological theory. In doing so, it will focus on the most recent legal developments aimed at tackling climate change within the EU. This paper finds that the precautionary approach is unable to sufficiently shape balanced legal intervention in this day and age. However, the approach adopted by the EU appears to be more successful in this respect.
Communicating Low‐Probability High‐Consequence Risk, Uncertainty and Expert Confidence: Induced Seismicity of Deep Geothermal Energy and Shale Gas
Authors: Knoblauch Theresa A. K. , Stauffacher Michael , Trutnevyte Evelina
Published: August 2017

Subsurface energy activities entail the risk of induced seismicity including low‐probability high‐consequence (LPHC) events. For designing respective risk communication, the scientific literature lacks empirical evidence of how the public reacts to different written risk communication formats about such LPHC events and to related uncertainty or expert confidence. This study presents findings from an online experiment (N = 590) that empirically tested the public's responses to risk communication about induced seismicity and to different technology frames, namely deep geothermal energy (DGE) and shale gas (between‐subject design). Three incrementally different formats of written risk communication were tested: (i) qualitative, (ii) qualitative and quantitative, and (iii) qualitative and quantitative with risk comparison. Respondents found the latter two the easiest to understand, the most exact, and liked them the most. Adding uncertainty and expert confidence statements made the risk communication less clear, less easy to understand and increased concern. Above all, the technology for which risks are communicated and its acceptance mattered strongly: respondents in the shale gas condition found the identical risk communication less trustworthy and more concerning than in the DGE conditions. They also liked the risk communication overall less. For practitioners in DGE or shale gas projects, the study shows that the public would appreciate efforts in describing LPHC risks with numbers and optionally risk comparisons. However, there seems to be a trade‐off between aiming for transparency by disclosing uncertainty and limited expert confidence, and thereby decreasing clarity and increasing concern in the view of the public.
An assessment of a spatial ear training program for perceived auditory source width
Authors: Kim Sungyoung , Imamura Hidetaka
Published: August 2017

The authors propose a training program for a listener to quantify the horizontal extension of an auditory image—auditory source width (ASW). The proposed program controls the ASW of a five-channel sound source by spreading it across five front loudspeakers, displays the corresponding change in visual width, and trains listeners to remember the spread angle through an isomorphic mapping to the corresponding visual cue. To evaluate the efficacy of the training, the authors conducted pre- and post-training tests. The results show that the width judgment error of the post-training test was significantly smaller than the pre-training test.
Subtle balance of tropoelastin molecular shape and flexibility regulates dynamics and hierarchical assembly
Authors: Yeo Giselle C. , Tarakanova Anna , Baldock Clair , Wise Steven G. , Buehler Markus J. , Weiss Anthony S.
Published: August 2017

Tropoelastin’s local and global structures dictate molecular dynamics and are essential for efficient assembly into elastin.
Experimental nonlocal and surreal Bohmian trajectories
Authors: Mahler Dylan H. , Rozema Lee , Fisher Kent , Vermeyden Lydia , Resch Kevin J. , Wiseman Howard M. , Steinberg Aephraim
Published: August 2017

Researchers reconstruct trajectories of two entangled photons showing the nonlocal and “surreal” nature of the trajectories in Bohmian mechanics.
A two-billion-year history for the lunar dynamo
Authors: Tikoo Sonia M. , Weiss Benjamin P. , Shuster David L. , Suavet Clément , Wang Huapei , Grove Timothy L.
Published: August 2017

Paleomagnetic evidence suggests the lunar dynamo persisted beyond 2.5 Ga, requiring an exceptionally long-lived power source.
Early formation of planetary building blocks inferred from Pb isotopic ages of chondrules
Authors: Bollard Jean , Connelly James N. , Whitehouse Martin J. , Pringle Emily A. , Bonal Lydie , Jørgensen Jes K. , Nordlund Åke , Moynier Frédéric , Bizzarro Martin
Published: August 2017

Age dating of meteorite inclusions suggests rapid formation of the building blocks of terrestrial planets within 1 My of the Sun.
Constraining the rate of oceanic deoxygenation leading up to a Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE-2: ~94 Ma)
Authors: Ostrander Chadlin M. , Owens Jeremy D. , Nielsen Sune G.
Published: August 2017

A Tl isotope excursion preserved in shales leading up to OAE-2 provides evidence for progressive bottom water deoxygenation.
Structure of a 1.5-MDa adhesin that binds its Antarctic bacterium to diatoms and ice
Authors: Guo Shuaiqi , Stevens Corey A. , Vance Tyler D. R. , Olijve Luuk L. C. , Graham Laurie A. , Campbell Robert L. , Yazdi Saeed R. , Escobedo Carlos , Bar-Dolev Maya , Yashunsky Victor , Braslavsky Ido , Langelaan David N. , Smith Steven P. , Allingham John S. , Voets Ilja K. , Davies Peter L.
Published: August 2017

Structure of a bacterial adhesin reveals its role in forming a mixed-species symbiotic community with diatoms on sea ice.
The Investigation of Promoter Sequences of Marseilleviruses Highlights a Remarkable Abundance of the AAATATTT Motif in Intergenic Regions
Authors: Oliveira Graziele Pereira , Lima Maurício Teixeira , Arantes Thalita Souza , Assis Felipe Lopes , Rodrigues Rodrigo Araújo Lima , da Fonseca Flávio Guimarães , Bonjardim Cláudio Antônio , Kroon Erna Geessien , Colson Philippe , La Scola Bernard , Abrahão Jônatas Santos
Published: August 2017

Viruses display a wide range of genomic profiles and, consequently, a variety of gene expression strategies. Specific sequences associated with transcriptional processes have been described in viruses, and putative promoter motifs have been elucidated for some nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDV). Among NCLDV, the
Marseilleviridae
is a well-recognized family because of its genomic mosaicism. The marseilleviruses have an ability to incorporate foreign genes, especially from sympatric organisms inhabiting
Acanthamoeba
, its main known host. Here, we identified for the first time an eight-nucleotide A/T-rich promoter sequence (AAATATTT) associated with 55% of marseillevirus genes that is conserved in all marseilleviruses lineages, a higher level of conservation than that of any giant virus described to date. We instigated our prediction about the promoter motif by biological assays and by evaluating how single mutations in this octamer can impact gene expression. The investigation of sequences that regulate the expression of genes relative to lateral transfer revealed that the promoter motifs do not appear to be incorporated by marseilleviruses from donor organisms. Indeed, analyses of the intergenic regions that regulate lateral gene transfer-related genes have revealed an independent origin of the marseillevirus intergenic regions that does not match gene-donor organisms. About 50% of AAATATTT motifs spread throughout intergenic regions of the marseilleviruses are present as multiple copies. We believe that such multiple motifs are associated with increased expression of a given gene or are related to incorporation of foreign genes into the mosaic genome of marseilleviruses.

IMPORTANCE
The marseilleviruses draw attention because of the peculiar features of their genomes; however, little is known about their gene expression patterns or the factors that regulate those expression patterns. The limited published research on the expression patterns of the marseilleviruses and their unique genomes has led us to study the promoter motif sequences in the intergenic regions of the marseilleviruses. This work is the first to analyze promoter sequences in the genomes of the marseilleviruses. We also suggest a strong capacity to acquire foreign genes and to express those genes mediated by multiple copies of the promoter motifs available in intergenic regions. These findings contribute to an understanding of genomic expansion and plasticity observed in these giant viruses.
Crystal Structure of the DNA-Binding Domain of Human Herpesvirus 6A Immediate Early Protein 2
Authors: Nishimura Mitsuhiro , Wang Junjie , Wakata Aika , Sakamoto Kento , Mori Yasuko
Published: August 2017

Immediate early proteins of human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) are expressed at the outset of lytic infection and thereby regulate viral gene expression. Immediate early protein 2 (IE2) of HHV-6A is a transactivator that drives a variety of promoters. The C-terminal region of HHV-6A IE2 is shared among IE2 homologs in betaherpesviruses and is involved in dimerization, DNA binding, and transcription factor binding. In this study, the structure of the IE2 C-terminal domain (IE2-CTD) was determined by X-ray crystallography at a resolution of 2.5 Å. IE2-CTD forms a homodimer stabilized by a β-barrel core with two interchanging long loops. Unexpectedly, the core structure resembles those of the gammaherpesvirus factors EBNA1 of Epstein-Barr virus and LANA of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, but the interchanging loops are longer in IE2-CTD and form helix-turn-helix (HTH)-like motifs at their tips. The HTH and surrounding α-helices form a structural feature specific to the IE2 group. The apparent DNA-binding site (based on structural similarity with EBNA1 and LANA) resides on the opposite side of the HTH-like motifs, surrounded by positive electrostatic potential. Mapping analysis of conserved residues on the three-dimensional structure delineated a potential factor-binding site adjacent to the expected DNA-binding site. The predicted bi- or tripartite functional sites indicate a role for IE2-CTD as an adapter connecting the promoter and transcriptional factors that drive gene expression.

IMPORTANCE
Human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) and HHV-6B belong to betaherpesvirus subfamily. Both viruses establish lifelong latency after primary infection, and their reactivation poses a significant risk to immunocompromised patients. Immediate early protein 2 (IE2) of HHV-6A and HHV-6B is a transactivator that triggers viral replication and contains a DNA-binding domain shared with other betaherpesviruses such as human herpesvirus 7 and human cytomegalovirus. In this study, an atomic structure of the DNA-binding domain of HHV-6A IE2 was determined and analyzed, enabling a structure-based understanding of the functions of IE2, specifically DNA recognition and interaction with transcription factors. Unexpectedly, the dimeric core resembles the DNA-binding domain of transcription regulators from gammaherpesviruses, showing structural conservation as a DNA-binding domain but with its own unique structural features. These findings facilitate further characterization of this key viral transactivator.
ROCK inhibitors for the treatment of ocular diseases
Authors: Nourinia Ramin , Nakao Shintaro , Zandi Souska , Safi Sare , Hafezi-Moghadam Ali , Ahmadieh Hamid
Published: August 2017

The Rho-kinase/ROCK (Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase) pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple ocular and systemic disorders. Recently, ROCK inhibitors have been suggested as novel treatments for various ocular diseases. Several in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of ROCK inhibitors in the management of ocular disorders such as corneal epithelial and endothelial damage, glaucoma, retinal and choroidal neovascularisation, diabetic macular oedema and optic nerve disorders. In this review, these studies are explored with focus on the relevant clinical investigations.
Surgeon Major Thomas Heazle Parke (1857–1893): Irish doctor, soldier and explorer
Authors: Parke Andrew
Published: August 2017

Surgeon Major Thomas Heazle Parke (1857–1893) was a doctor from Drumsna, County Roscommon, who after completing his education at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland joined the British army as a medical officer. After several years of serving in Ireland and Egypt, he volunteered to be medical officer of the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition of 1887–1889. This was to become Henry Morton Stanley’s largest, longest and most controversial African expedition. The epic journey saw Stanley, his eight European officers and 800 African porters take almost 3 years to cross the African continent from West to East via the Congo River, Southern Sudan and Uganda. During this time, Parke had to single-handedly deal with the myriad diseases and injuries that beset the expedition’s members. Barely 200 of the Zanzibari, Sudanese and Somali porters survived, and two British officers also perished. In completing the expedition, Parke became the first Irishman to cross Africa, and he had also become the first European to lay eyes on the ‘Mountains of the Moon’ or ‘Ruwenzori’. He returned home to great acclaim, and was bestowed copious honours and fellowships. His account of the expedition, My Experiences in Equatorial Africa, was a bestseller. However, his own health never recovered from the hardships of his time in Africa, and he died suddenly in 1893. His statue stands outside the Natural History Museum in Dublin.
An unusual case of an immersion hand presentation in a young signaller operating in the jungle in Belize
Authors: Forbes Kirstie E , Foster P
Published: August 2017

Belize, hosting one of the British Army's overseas training areas, provides access to challenging terrain and austere environments, which allows the delivery of training to soldiers on survival and combat within the jungle environment. A 26-year-old infanteer on exercise in Belize presented with progressive bilateral dry, painful, oedematous hands, secondary to the harsh environmental conditions of the jungle and inadequate drying of his hands resulting in his inability to perform his combat duties. The symptoms completely resolved with drying, emollient application and analgesia. While there are no reported cases of immersion hand, comparisons can be made with the well-reported warm weather immersion foot. This case highlights the importance of force preparation and soldier education for units deploying to the jungle. Simple preventive measures, including adequate ‘wet–dry’ drills and use of emollients can reduce the prevalence of immersion hand, a preventable condition, which can have a significant impact on the overall combat effectiveness of the unit.
Perturbativity vs nonperturbativity in QED-effects for H-like atoms with Zα > 1
Authors: Roenko A. , Sveshnikov K.
Published: August 2017

The behavior of levels near the threshold of the lower continuum in superheavy H-like atoms with [Formula: see text], caused by the interaction [Formula: see text] of the electron’s magnetic anomaly (AMM) dynamically screened at small distances [Formula: see text], with the Coulomb field of atomic nucleus is considered by taking into account the complete dependence of electron’s wave function (WF) on [Formula: see text]. It is shown that the calculation of the contribution caused by [Formula: see text] via both the quark structure and the whole nucleus, considered as a uniformly charged extended Coulomb source, leads to results, which coincide within the accepted precision of calculations. It is also shown that there appears some difference in results between perturbative and nonperturbative methods of accounting for the contribution from [Formula: see text] within the corresponding Dirac equation (DE) in favor of the latter. Moreover, the growth rate of the contribution from [Formula: see text] reaches its maximum at [Formula: see text], while by further increase of [Formula: see text] into the supercritical region [Formula: see text], the shift of levels caused by [Formula: see text] near the lower continuum decreases monotonically to zero. The last result is generalized to the whole self-energy contribution to the shift of levels and so to the possible behavior of radiative QED-effects with virtual photon exchange near the lower continuum.
Z-Source Inverter Fed Induction Motor Drive Control Using Hybrid Methodology
Authors: Mythili S. , Thiyagarajah K.
Published: August 2017

In this paper, a hybrid technique is proposed for controlling the [Formula: see text]-source inverter fed induction motor drive system. The hybrid technique is the combination of the gravitational search algorithm (GSA) and the support vector machine (SVM), which is utilized to improve the performance of the induction motor (IM). The novelty of the study is to control the [Formula: see text]-Source Inverter for improving the stability and performance of the IM drive system with the help of the proposed hybrid technique. Subsequently, the total harmonic distortion (THD) is decreased and the oscillation period of the stator current, torque and speed are eliminated. The inputs of the proposed technique are motor speed and reference speed. The output of the proposed system is reference quadrature axis current. Moreover, the PI controller is optimized for getting an optimal result to produce reference quadrature axis current. After that, the SVM is used to predict the control pulses of voltage source inverter. Here, the three-phase reference current is used to generate the accurate control pulses. In three-phase reference current, SVM is trained by the input motor quadrature axis current and the reference quadrature axis current with the associated target reference. The proposed technique is implemented in the MATLAB/simulink platform. The performance of the proposed method is determined and compared with the existing methods such as PSO-SVM and SVM methods.
A Low Cost Image De-noising Implementation Using Low Area CSLA for Impulse Noise Removal
Authors: Bommy B. , Albert Raj A.
Published: August 2017

In the process of image acquisition and transmission, data can be corrupted by impulse noise. This paper presented the removal of impulse noise in medical image by using Very Large Scale Integrated circuit (VLSI) implementation. The Low Cost Reduced Simple Edge Preserved De-noising (LCRSEPD) technique is introduced using Low Area Carry Select Adder (CSLA) to remove the salt and pepper noise instead of normal adder. Thus, LCRSEPD technique preserves visual performance and edge features in terms of quality and quantitative evaluation. By optimizing the architecture, low cost RSEPD can achieve low computational complexity that will reflect in area, power and delay. Compared to the previous VLSI implementations, the LCRSEPD implementation with CSLA adder has achieved good medical image quality and less hardware cost due to the reduction of area, power and delay.
Random Dynamical Systems Generated by Two Allee Maps
Authors: Kováč Jozef , Janková Katarína
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we study random dynamical systems generated by two Allee maps. Two models are considered — with and without small random perturbations. It is shown that the behavior of the systems is very similar to the behavior of the deterministic system if we use strictly increasing Allee maps. However, in the case of unimodal Allee maps, the behavior can dramatically change irrespective of the initial conditions.
A quantum key distribution scheme based on tripartite entanglement and violation of CHSH inequality
Authors: Pastorello Davide
Published: August 2017

Entanglement is a well-known resource in quantum information. In particular, it can be exploited for quantum key distribution (QKD). In this paper, we define a two-way QKD scheme employing GHZ-type states of three qubits obtaining an extension of the standard E91 protocol with a significant increase in the number of shared bits. Eavesdropping attacks can be detected measuring violation of the CHSH inequality and the secret key rate can be estimated in a device-independent scenario.
An alternative synthesis of benziporphyrins starting from isophthaloyl chloride
Authors: Darrow William T. , Lash Timothy D.
Published: August 2017

An alternative route to benziporphyrins has been developed. Reaction of an [Formula: see text]-unsubstituted pyrrole ethyl ester with isophthaloyl chloride in the presence of aluminum chloride afforded a diketone that underwent selective reduction with diborane to give a benzitripyrrane. Cleavage of the ethyl esters with sodium hydroxide in refluxing ethylene glycol, followed by acid catalyzed condensation with a pyrrole dialdehyde and oxidation with DDQ, generated the targeted benziporphyrin product. Spectrophotometric titration of the benziporphyrin with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) demonstrated the sequential formation of mono- and dicationic species. At lower dilutions, the free base benziporphyrin showed unusually strong [Formula: see text] coupling between two adjacent methyl substituents, indicating that the connecting unit has substantial olefinic characteristics.
STIMULATING SUPPLIER INNOVATION IN A COMPLEX AND REGULATED BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT — A DYADIC CASE STUDY
Authors: MAKKONEN MARIKA , AMINOFF ANNA , VALKOKARI KATRI
Published: August 2017

Suppliers have been recognised as critical sources for innovation in the literature. However, less consideration has been given to the suppliers’ viewpoint on what motivates them to share their best knowledge with the buying company. Here, we empirically identified ways to increase suppliers’ willingness to contribute to the buyer’s innovation process, in complex and regulated business environments, where the buyer is highly innovation oriented, but simultaneously reliant on external resources in R&D. The paper is based on an in depth embedded case study, with dyadic data collection. The data was collected during 18 semi-structured interviews at the case company, in the nuclear power industry, and its three key suppliers of mechanical engineering and manufacturing. The results show that mutual understanding of each counterparts’ interests and business, systematic project and knowledge management practices, a proper balance between project control and freedom to innovate and buyer’s sufficient technical know-how are decisive for successful supplier innovation. Furthermore, suppliers can be highly committed to collaboration event though they are not fully satisfied with the buyer. Six propositions are presented based on the empirical findings and the enfolding theory.
Pleural Effusion in Multiple Myeloma: Characteristics and Practice Patterns
Authors: Byun Ja Min , Kim Ki Hwan , Choi In Sil , Park Jin Hyun , Kim Jin-Soo , Shin Dong-Yeop , Koh Youngil , Kim Inho , Yoon Sung-Soo , Lim Hyo Jeong
Published: August 2017

In many Asian countries battling with the double burden of increasing noninfectious diseases on top of infectious diseases, multiple myeloma (MM) patients presenting with pleural effusion (PE) pose a great diagnostic challenge. Thus, we aimed to analyze the clinical features and practice patterns of such patients. This is a multicenter retrospective study of newly diagnosed MM patients between January 2011 and December 2015. Among 575 MM patients diagnosed during the study period, 80 (13.9%) that were associated with PE were identified and analyzed. The most common cause of PE was parapneumonic (25%), followed by reactive (18.8%). Higher CRP levels and leukocytosis were indicators of parapneumonic PE. There were 7 (8.8%) with myelomatous PE and 2 (2.5%) with tuberculosis. Fifty-six patients underwent additional examinations to determine the exact cause of effusion; 28 patients received computed tomography (CT) of the chest, 5 patients underwent thoracentesis/biopsy, and 23 patients underwent both CT and thoracentesis/biopsy. On the other hand, 24 patients did not undergo additional analyses but were treated empirically. Real-world analyses of practice patterns in MM patients with PE showed the suboptimal use of invasive procedures to determine the exact cause of PE. Since reversible causes and tuberculosis pleurisy are not uncommon, invasive procedures should be actively incorporated as needed.
Formação profissional em Museologia no âmbito da pós-graduação: o impacto do programa em museus portugueses (1964-1973)
Authors: Echternacht Anna Laudicea Itaborai , Sá Ivan Coelho de
Published: August 2017

Na esteira do debate sobre formação profissional no campo da Museologia, é tempo de analisar o percurso da pós-graduação stricto sensu em Museologia no Brasil, buscando, em um primeiro momento, identificar as iniciativas realizadas ao longo das décadas de 1960 e 1970, a partir da constituição da Museologia como campo disciplinar. Neste artigo, tentaremos colaborar com um recorte deste mapeamento ao examinar um conjunto de documentos, localizados no Núcleo de Memória da Museologia no Brasil (NUMMUS/CCH/UNIRIO), relativos às bolsas de estudo financiadas por entidades públicas e privadas de Portugal no âmbito da pós-graduação durante as décadas de 1960 e 1970. Essas bolsas de estudo foram contempladas por egressos do Curso de Museus do Museu Histórico Nacional (MHN) nas diversas interfaces do campo da Museologia.
Depoimento: Uma trajetória para o presente
Authors: Rodrigues Marly
Published: August 2017

Depoimento proferido durante a Jornada Revista CPC: 10 anos de reflexão sobre o patrimônio cultural - Mesa 2: PATRIMÔNIO CULTURAL - Uma trajetória para o presente - Marly Rodrigues (Memória Assessoria e Projetos); A complexidade do patrimônio universitário - Beatriz Mugayar Khül (Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo); O patrimônio no âmbito da cultura e extensão universitária – José Tavares Correia de Lira (Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo). Evento realizado pelo Centro de Preservação Cultural da Universidade de São Paulo, em 22 de novembro de 2016, na Casa de Dona Yayá.
A noção de integridade aplicada à conservação e restauro de bens culturais móveis: alguns antecedentes e desdobramentos
Authors: Vasconcelos Mara Lúcia Carrett de , Granato Marcus
Published: August 2017

A noção de integridade figura como valor fundamental à preservação de bens culturais. Inicialmente voltada para as características físicas dos objetos, a ideia de integridade passou por transformações que ampliaram seu significado, conferindo-lhe acepções que fazem referência aos aspectos imateriais dos bens culturais. Termos como integridade conceitual e integridade cultural atualmente aparecem com frequência nas publicações de Conservação e Restauro, mas geralmente são apenas citados sem que haja aprofundamento sobre sua significação. Neste contexto, este trabalho busca analisar o uso do termo integridade e de suas acepções nas cartas patrimoniais relacionadas e em alguns códigos de ética dos conservadores-restauradores, a fim de compreender de que forma a noção de integridade se modificou através dos tempos. Por fim, é discutida a aplicabilidade da ideia de integridade conceitual nas intervenções de conservação e restauração de bens culturais móveis.