bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Lipid Abnormalities in Obesity: A Comparative Analysis in Normoglycemic and Prediabetic Obese Individuals
Authors: Alshuweishi Yazeed , Almufarrih Abdulmalik A. , Abudawood Arwa , Alfayez Dalal , Alkhowaiter Abdullah Y. , AlSudais Hamood , Almuqrin Abdulaziz M.
Published: September 2024

Background: Obesity is a growing global health concern, often accompanied by dyslipidemia, contributing to cardiovascular risk. Understanding the patterns of dyslipidemia in different glycemic states is crucial for targeted interventions. This study compares dyslipidemia patterns in normoglycemic and prediabetic obesity to improve clinical management strategies. Methods: The study analyzed the complete lipid profiles of 138 subjects, comparing the medians, prevalence, diagnostic performance, and risk assessment of each lipid parameter across 54 non-obese (NO), 44 normoglycemic obese (NG-OB), and 40 pre-diabetic obese (PreDM-OB) groups. Results: Elevated total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were the most prevalent forms of dyslipidemia observed in obesity (45.35% and 43.53%, respectively). Stratification by glycemic status revealed that triglyceride (TG) levels were elevated in both the NG-OB and PreDM-OB groups, with a more marked increase in the latter group (73.07 mg/dL vs. 97.87 mg/dL vs. 121.8 mg/dL, respectively). Elevated LDL showed better diagnostic performance and higher odds ratios (OR) in the NG-OB group (AUC = 0.660, p = 0.006; OR = 2.78, p = 0.022). Conversely, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was more common and exhibited significant diagnostic performance, with higher OR values in the PreDM-OB group (AUC = 0.687, p = 0.002; OR = 3.69, p = 0.018). Importantly, all lipid ratios were elevated in obesity, with TC/HDL showing the highest predictive ability for prediabetes (AUC = 0.7491, p < 0.001). Conclusions: These findings revealed unique and common lipid abnormalities in normoglycemic and prediabetic obesity. Future research should explore the effects of targeted lipid management on obesity-associated complications.
Financial Contagion between German and BRICS Stock Markets under Multiscale Scrutiny
Authors: Niyitegeka Olivier , Habiyaremye Alexis
Published: September 2024

We employ wavelet analysis using the maximum overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) to examine the return and volatility interconnectedness between the German equity market (a prominent representative of the Eurozone market) and the BRICS countries over the period 2005–2017. Specifically, we investigate the presence of the pure form of financial contagion in the stock markets of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa subsequent to the Eurozone Sovereign Debt Crisis (EZDC). Our results indicate the presence of financial contagion between the Eurozone equity market and its counterparts in South Africa and Russia, characterised by co-movement and volatility spillover effects. This contagion is particularly evident at higher frequencies, suggesting that the transmission of shocks occurs rapidly across these markets in the short term. No financial contagion is observed in the Brazilian, Chinese, and Indian stock markets during the European Sovereign Debt Crisis. The absence of financial contagion observed in these three BRICS countries during the European Sovereign Debt Crisis suggests that policymakers in these countries should prioritise addressing idiosyncratic shock channels.
Continuous Video Monitoring of Zoo Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus jubatus) Reveals Differential Engagement Patterns for Environmental Enrichment Items Based on Sensory Category
Authors: Beer Haley N. , Yates Dustin T. , Shrader Trenton C. , Schmidt Ty B.
Published: September 2024

Strategically enriching the environment of zoo felids to encourage innate behaviors is essential to good welfare. To investigate how engagement differs among sensory-based enrichment, six items representing tactile (firehose log, Jolly Eggs), visual (mirror, movie), and olfactory (cinnamon, cologne) sensory categories were offered to three adult cheetah siblings. Each item was offered four times: twice during daytime hours and twice overnight (≥5 h/occasion). Static video monitoring was used to investigate engagement frequency and duration for each item and to observe grooming behaviors. Cheetahs engaged with visual enrichment more frequently (p < 0.05) and for greater (p < 0.05) periods than other items. Allogrooming occurred most frequently (p < 0.05) when the movie was provisioned at night. Tactile enrichment was only modestly engaged, with fewer but longer engagements (p < 0.05) at nighttime than at daytime. Autogrooming frequency did not vary among enrichment items but was greater (p < 0.05) at night than day. These findings showed that zoo cheetah responses to sensory enrichment items differed based on type and time of day. Visual stimuli were favored, whereas olfactory stimuli were generally ignored. This illustrates the benefit of diverse sensory-specific enrichment strategies. Such dynamic strategies can help overcome the challenge of individual preferences to encourage engagement reflective of the animal’s natural behaviors.
Preserflo MicroShunt versus Trabeculectomy: Efficacy and Surgical Success within a Heterogenous Patient Cohort
Authors: Zweifel Lynn Anna Barbara , Storp Jens Julian , Vietmeier Friederike Elisabeth , Danzer Moritz Fabian , Merté Ralph-Laurent , Eter Nicole , Brücher Viktoria Constanze
Published: September 2024

To compare success rates of trabeculectomy (TE) and Preserflo MicroShunt (PMS) in heterogenous glaucoma cohorts with regards to different pre- and postoperative therapeutic regimens. Data of 187 glaucoma patients who either received TE (73 eyes) or PMS implantation (114 eyes) between January 2018 and December 2022 were retrospectively evaluated. Surgical success and failure rates were analyzed within six months of follow-up. Intraocular pressure (IOP) development over the course of follow-up was compared between both groups. Tertiary outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), number and type of medications, frequency of postoperative complications and revision surgeries. Outcome measures underwent additional assessment based on subgroup categorizations, and failure time hazard ratios were computed. The success rates were comparable between both procedures (TE: 54.1%, PMS: 60.0%; p = 0.17). Both procedures showed significant IOP reduction (p < 0.01); however, overall IOP reduction was greater in the TE group than in the PMS group (TE: Reduction by 12 mmHg (188.9%), PMS: Reduction by 7 mmHg (51.3%); p = 0.01). The number of topical medications decreased significantly in both groups over the course of follow-up (TE: 4 to 0, PMS: 3 to 0; p < 0.01). While the number of complications and revision surgeries were similar in both groups, the time interval until the first revision surgery within the TE group was significantly shorter (TE: 13.5 d, PMS: 163 d; p = 0.01) than within the PMS group. No difference could be detected between TE and PMS with regard to the follow-up regimen. In particular, there was no significant difference in the need for 5-floururacil injections postoperatively (p = 0.29). Less invasive glaucoma surgery with the PMS appeared comparable to the TE within a heterogenous glaucoma cohort with regards to IOP development and freedom from medication.
Effect of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond Formation on the Abraham Model Solute Descriptors for Oxybenzone
Authors: Chen Jocelyn , Chen Audrey , Yang Yixuan , Acree William E.
Published: September 2024

Solute descriptors derived from experimental solubility data for oxybenzone dissolved in 21 different organic solvents indicate that the hydrogen atom on the hydroxyl functional group forms an intramolecular hydrogen bond with the lone electron pair on the oxygen atom of the neighboring >C=O functional group. Group contribution methods developed for estimating the Abraham model solute descriptors from the molecule’s Canonical SMILES code significantly over-estimate the Abraham model’s hydrogen bond acidity solute descriptor of oxybenzone. An informed user-modified Canonical SMILES code is proposed to identify which hydrogen atoms are involved in intramolecular H-bond formation. The identified hydrogen atom(s) can be used to define a new functional/fragment group and numerical group contribution value.
Assessment of Hydraulic Oil Properties during Operation of a Mini Loader
Authors: Duque-Sarmiento Diego Andrés , Baño-Morales Daysi Alexandra
Published: September 2024

This study employs a rigorous methodology to assess the condition of the hydraulic oil in a recently introduced mini skid-steer loader. The assessment is conducted through laboratory analysis, which adheres to a range of international standards. The objective is to provide accurate insights into the viscosity, particle count, and characterisation of the oil, along with thermographic data. The friction of oil is evaluated at specific time points: 0, 10, 100, 125, and 150 h of operation. This examination offers a comprehensive insight into the alterations in oil characteristics during a pivotal period when machine components are undergoing initial consolidation and abrasion to attain the factory-defined performance thresholds. The principal aim of this research is to provide valuable insights into the wear of oil and hydraulic system components through an in-depth analysis of a range of variables. Moreover, the investigation aims to ascertain the impact of this factor on the temperature elevation of system components and accessories to formulate enhanced technical guidelines for implementation. The main results indicate the presence of particles in the oil, resulting in a cleanliness code of 23/21/13, which exceeds the permissible threshold of 20/18/15 specified in ISO 11171. In addition, hydraulic oil shows a viscosity instability of more than 10% due to moisture absorption, leading to wear of mechanical components composed of iron, nickel, copper, zinc, and silicon. This deterioration is corroborated by thermographic evaluations, which reveal a considerable temperature increase in components such as cylinders and system accessories.
Challenges of a Circular Economy: The Example of Raw Recycled Tyre Steel Fibres Added to Concrete
Authors: Michalik Agnieszka , Chyliński Filip , Zychowicz Jacek , Pichór Waldemar
Published: September 2024

This research was conducted to analyse the possibility of using raw, untreated recycled tyre fibres as an effective concrete reinforcement according to circular economy principles. The aim of the article was also to develop a method for dispensing tire fibres on a real scale. Additional treatment and homogenisation of recycled steel fibres entail higher energy consumption, emissions of greenhouse gases, and increased costs. However, obtaining durable and safe concrete effectively reinforced with steel fibres is critical. Finding a balance between environmental friendliness and product durability is a circular economic challenge. Reference concrete with commercial steel fibres (15 kg/m3) and two concretes containing various quantities of non-treated, raw tyre recycled fibres (25 kg/m3 and 45 kg/m3) were industrially produced. Tests were carried out on the properties of the concrete mixture and hardened concrete, such as compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting strength, modulus of elasticity, residual flexural tensile strength, and fibre distribution in concrete. Tests revealed that increasing the amount of raw tyre fibres disturbs the structure and causes air entrainment and the formation of fibre clusters. Smaller quantities of raw tyre fibres turn out an effective concrete reinforcement. The use of non-treated tyre fibres as concrete reinforcement is possible but requires more stringent control of the concrete parameters. Implementation tests on an industrial scale are a novelty in this study, presenting an analysis of the possible dispensing of tyre fibres in a ready-mixed concrete production plant and testing the characteristics of manufactured concrete.
Homogenization of Thermal Properties in Metaplates
Authors: Faraci David , Comi Claudia
Published: September 2024

Three-dimensional metamaterials endowed with two-dimensional in-plane periodicity exhibit peculiar thermoelastic behaviour when heated or cooled. By proper design of the unit cell, the equivalent thermal expansion coefficient can be programmed and can also reach negative values. The heterogeneity in the third direction of such metamaterials also causes, in general, a thermal-induced deflection. The prediction of the equivalent thermal properties is important to design the metamaterial suitable for a specific application. Under the hypothesis of small thickness with respect to the global in-plane dimensions, we make use of asymptotic homogenization to describe the thermoelastic behaviour of these metamaterials as that of an equivalent homogenous plate. The method provides explicit expressions for the effective thermal properties, which allow for a cost-effective prediction of the thermoelastic response of these metaplates.
Thin Conducting Films: Preparation Methods, Optical and Electrical Properties, and Emerging Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Sharme Razia Khan , Quijada Manuel , Terrones Mauricio , Rana Mukti M.
Published: September 2024

Thin conducting films are distinct from bulk materials and have become prevalent over the past decades as they possess unique physical, electrical, optical, and mechanical characteristics. Comprehending these essential properties for developing novel materials with tailored features for various applications is very important. Research on these conductive thin films provides us insights into the fundamental principles, behavior at different dimensions, interface phenomena, etc. This study comprehensively analyzes the intricacies of numerous commonly used thin conducting films, covering from the fundamentals to their advanced preparation methods. Moreover, the article discusses the impact of different parameters on those thin conducting films’ electronic and optical properties. Finally, the recent future trends along with challenges are also highlighted to address the direction the field is heading towards. It is imperative to review the study to gain insight into the future development and advancing materials science, thus extending innovation and addressing vital challenges in diverse technological domains.
Recent Advances in the Development of 1,4-Cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) and Cyclic-Monomer-Based Advanced Amorphous and Semi-Crystalline Polyesters for Smart Film Applications
Authors: Irshad Farida , Khan Nayab , Howari Haidar , Fatima Mahvish , Farooq Assad , Awais Muhammad , Ayyoob Muhammad , Tusief Muhammad Qamar , Virk Razia , Hussain Fiaz
Published: September 2024

Polyester-based advanced thin films have versatile industrial applications, especially in the fields of textiles, packaging, and electronics. Recent advances in polymer science and engineering have resulted in the development of advanced amorphous and semi-crystalline polyesters with exceptional performance compared to those of conventional polymeric films. Among these, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) and cyclic-monomer-based polyesters have gained considerable attention for their exceptional characteristics and potential applications in smart films. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the synthesis, characterization, and applications of CHDM and cyclic-monomer-based advanced polymers for smart film applications. It discusses the structure–property relationships of these innovative polyesters and highlights their unique characteristics, including thermal, mechanical, and barrier characteristics. Furthermore, this article also emphasizes the solution, melt, and solid-state polymerizations of the polymers. Special emphasis is placed on the influence of the addition of a second diol or second diacid on the performance characteristics of synthesized polyesters/copolyesters to explore their versatile industrial applications. Additionally, the impact of the stereochemistry of the monomers is explored to optimize the characterization of polyesters suitable for industrial applications. Furthermore, this article explores the potential of these advanced polyesters to be considered as materials for smart film applications, especially in the field of flexible electronics. Finally, this article examines the challenges and future recommendations for the development of CHDM and cyclic-monomer-based polyesters for smart film applications. It discusses potential avenues for further research, including in-depth studies for the synthesis and characterization of polyesters, the development of sustainable and biodegradable alternatives to cyclic monomers, alternative green approaches for the synthesis of polymers, etc. This review article provides valuable insight for researchers in academia and industry who are working in the fields of polymer science and materials engineering.
The Effect of Dense and Hollow Aggregates on the Properties of Lightweight Self-Compacting Concrete
Authors: Inozemtcev Aleksandr Sergeevich , Epikhin Sergey Dmitrievich
Published: September 2024

The development of self-compacting lightweight concretes is associated with solving two conflicting tasks: achieving a structure with both high flowability and homogeneity. This study aimed to identify the technological and rheological characteristics of the flow of concrete mixtures D1400…D1600 based on hollow microspheres in comparison with heavy fine-grained D2200 concrete and to establish their structural and physico-mechanical characteristics. The study of the concrete mixtures was carried out using the slump flow test and the rotational viscometry method. The physical and mechanical properties were studied using standard methods for determining average density and flexural and compressive strength. According to the results of the research conducted, differences in the flow behaviors of concrete mixtures on dense and hollow aggregates were found. Lightweight concretes on hollow microspheres exhibited better mobility than heavy concretes. It was shown that the self-compacting coefficients of the lightweight D1400...D1600 concrete mixtures were comparable with that of the heavy D2200 concrete. The rheological curves described by the Ostwald–de Waele equation showed a dilatant flow behavior of the D1400 concrete mixtures, regardless of the ratio of quartz powder to fractionated sand. For D1500 and D1600, the dilatant flow behavior changed to pseudoplastic, with a ratio of quartz powder to fractional sand of 25/75. The studied compositions of lightweight concrete can be described as homogeneous at any ratio of quartz powder to fractional sand. It was shown that concrete mixtures with a pronounced dilatant flow character had higher resistance to segregation. The value of the ratio of quartz powder to fractional sand had a statistically insignificant effect on the average density of the studied concretes. However, the flexural and compressive strengths varied significantly more in heavy concretes (up to 38%) than in lightweight concretes (up to 18%) when this factor was varied. The specific strength of lightweight and heavy concrete compositions with a ratio of quartz powder to fractional sand of 0/100 had close values in the range of 20.4...22.9 MPa, and increasing the share of quartz powder increased the difference between compositions of different densities.
Enhancement of Microwave Heating Technology for Emulsified Asphalt Mixtures Using SiC-Fe3O4 Composite Material
Authors: Xu Sheng , Xu Wen , Chen Yixing , Li Jiaqi , Li Yueguang
Published: September 2024

The application of microwave heating technology can significantly enhance the water evaporation rate of emulsified asphalt mixtures post paving. To improve the microwave absorption and curing performance of these mixtures, SiC-Fe3O4 composite material (SF) was incorporated. This addition aims to enhance the microwave absorption efficiency and accelerate the curing process of emulsified asphalt mixtures under microwave heating. This study begins with an analysis of the microwave absorption principles pertinent to emulsified asphalt mixtures. Subsequently, the microwave heating temperature fields of ordinary emulsified asphalt mixture (EAM), SiC emulsified asphalt mixture (S-EAM), Fe3O4 emulsified asphalt mixture (F-EAM), and SiC-Fe3O4 emulsified asphalt mixture (SF-EAM) were simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics finite element software (COMSOL 6.2). The early strength variations in SF-EAM under different microwave heating durations were then examined through adhesion tests, leading to the proposal of a microwave heat curing process for SF-EAM. Finally, the wear resistance, water damage resistance, rutting resistance, and skid resistance of SF-EAM post-microwave curing were evaluated through wet wheel wear tests, wheel track deformation tests, and road friction coefficient tests. The results indicate that the optimal microwave heating time is 90 s, with the microwave absorption performance of the materials ranked as follows: EAM, S-EAM, F-EAM, and SF-EAM, from lowest to highest. The road performance of SF-EAM complies with specification requirements, and its wear resistance, water damage resistance, and rutting resistance are notably improved after microwave heating.
Effects of Dolomitic Limestone on the Properties of Magnesium Oxysulfate Cement
Authors: Molano Juan Camilo Adrada , Azevedo Adriano Galvão Souza , Freitas Taís Oliveira Gonçalves , Silva Gabriela Casemiro Da , Savastano Holmer
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the effects of substituting magnesium oxide (MgO) with dolomitic limestone (DL) on the mechanical and physical properties of magnesium oxysulfate (MOS) cement. Additionally, the hydration formation phases and the influence of the molar ratio on the MOS cement’s performance were examined. The corresponding action mechanisms were identified and explored by compressive strength tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), isothermal calorimetry, and a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that replacing MgO with DL decreased the reaction speed and heat release rate generated in the hydration process of the MOS cement. This substitution also reduced the quantity of non-hydrated MgO particles and delayed the formation of Mg(OH)2. The diminished formation of Mg(OH)2 contributed to an increase in the apparent porosity of pastes containing DL, thus alleviating internal stresses induced by Mg(OH)2 formation and enhancing their mechanical strength after 28 days of curing. Conversely, the increased porosity improved the CO2 diffusion within the structure, promoting the formation of magnesium carbonates (MgCO3). Through the characterization of the cement matrix (XRD and TGA), it was possible to identify phases, such as the brucite, periclase, and 318 phases. The obtained results revealed the potential of incorporating mineral fillers like limestone as a promising approach to producing MOS cement with a reduced environmental impact and better properties at higher curing ages.
Study of Purified Cellulosic Pulp and Lignin Produced by Wheat Straw Biorefinery
Authors: Durand Kalvin , Daassi Rodrigue , Rodrigue Denis , Stevanovic Tatjana
Published: September 2024

With the world population rising, wheat straw production is expected to reach 687–740 million tons per year by 2050. Its frequent application as a fuel source leads to air, water, and soil pollution. Limited literature exists on methods for separating components of residual wheat straw. Optimal conditions for organosolv pulping of hydrolyzed wheat straw include 3% FeCl3·6H2O as a catalyst, a biomass-to-solvent ratio of 1:15 (m/v), and 50% ethanol:water as cooking liquor at 200 °C for 30 min. Desilication conditions involve extraction with 7.5% Na2CO3 at a biomass-to-solvent ratio of 1:20 (m/v) treated at 115 °C for 60 min. Lignin from hydrolyzed wheat straw showed similar properties to organosolv lignin from untreated straw, with minimal lignin alteration during hydrolysis. Hydrolysis significantly degraded cellulose. A 41% lignin recovery rate with 95% purity was achieved from pre-extracted hydrolyzed straw. Recovered cellulose after silica removal had 2% ash and 87% purity. The innovation of this process lies in the development of a comprehensive, sustainable, efficient, and economically viable biorefinery process that efficiently separates key components of wheat straw, i.e., xylose, lignin, cellulose, and silica, while addressing environmental pollution associated with its traditional use as fuel.
Significance of Mathematical Modeling and Control in Real-World Problems: New Developments and Applications
Authors: Yavuz Mehmet , Dassios Ioannis
Published: September 2024

Mathematical modeling and system control are employed in many research problems, ranging from physical and chemical processes to biomathematics and life sciences [...]
Diagnostic Challenges in Follicular Cholangitis Mimicking Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Lee Jungnam , Jeong Seok , Lee Don Haeng , Choi Suk Jin , Shin Woo Young
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Distinguishing benign from malignant biliary strictures remains challenging despite diagnostic advancements. Follicular cholangitis, a rare benign condition, presents with symptoms and imaging similar to malignancies like cholangiocarcinoma, often complicating diagnosis, particularly when tumor markers are elevated and imaging suggests metastasis. Case presentation: A 57-year-old woman with hypertension and diabetes was admitted with jaundice. Elevated bilirubin and liver enzymes alongside high carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) levels but normal carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were noted. Imaging showed thickening from the hilar duct to the proximal common bile duct, accompanied by suspected lymph node metastases. Comprehensive ERCP-guided biopsies found no malignancy. Surgical resection led to a diagnosis of follicular cholangitis. Conclusions: Follicular cholangitis’ long-term prognosis is elusive due to its rarity, and preoperative diagnosis is challenging. Increased awareness may improve diagnostic and treatment approaches, as this case adds to the disease’s understanding.
Evaluation of Left Atrial Electromechanical Delay and Left Atrial Phasic Functions in Patients Undergoing Treatment with Cardiotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agents
Authors: Kertmen Ömer , Akcay Murat
Published: September 2024

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate atrial involvement by comparing pre- and post-chemotherapy left atrial mechanical and electromechanical parameters in patients treated with cardiotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. Methods: We designed our study as a prospective cohort study. Sixty-eight female patients between the ages of 18 and 50, scheduled for treatment with cardiotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, were included in our study. Atrial mechanical functions and electromechanical parameters were examined and compared with basic echocardiographic parameters before and after chemotherapy. Results: The mean age of the patients was 41.6 ± 7.9 years. After chemotherapy, lateral PA, septal PA, and tricuspid PA durations showed a significant increase (p < 0.001), but there were no statistically significant changes in the left intra-atrial electromechanical delay, the right intra-atrial electromechanical delay, or the interatrial electromechanical delay values. Following treatment, LAVmax, LAVmin, and LApreA significantly increased (p < 0.001). Additionally, the left atrial passive and active emptying volumes increased (p < 0.001), while the reservoir and pump (active emptying) functions decreased (with p-values of 0.03 and 0.01, respectively). The passive emptying function, however, showed no significant change (p = 0.65). Decreases in LVEF were observed, while LVEDD, LVESD, IVS, PW, and LA diameters increased (p-value of 0.02 for IVS and <0.001 for the others). Conclusions: Significant impairment of atrial mechanical functions and electromechanical parameters was observed after treatment with cardiotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. This suggests an elevated likelihood of atrial arrhythmia linked to the use of cardiotoxic chemotherapeutic agents.
The LUSBI Protocol (Lung Ultrasound/BREST Score/Inferior Vena Cava)—Its Role in a Differential Diagnostic Approach to Dyspnea of Cardiogenic and Non-Cardiogenic Origin
Authors: Dojcinovic Boris , Banjac Nada , Vukmirovic Sasa , Dojcinovic Tamara , Vasovic Lucija V. , Mihajlovic Dalibor , Vasovic Velibor
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives: PoCUS ultrasound applications are widely used in everyday work, especially in the field of emergency medicine. The main goal of this research was to create a diagnostic and therapeutic protocol that will integrate ultrasound examination of the lungs, ultrasound measurements of the inferior vena cava (assessment of central venous pressure) and BREST scores (risk stratification for heart failure), with the aim of establishing a more effective differential diagnostic approach for dyspneic patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the emergency medicine department with the educational center of the community health center of Banja Luka. Eighty patients of both sexes were included and divided into experimental and control groups based on the presence or absence of dyspnea as a dominant subjective complaint. Based on the abovementioned variables, the LUSBI protocol (lung ultrasound/BREST score/inferior vena cava) was created, including profiles to determine the nature of the origin of complaints. The biochemical marker of heart failure NT pro-BNP served as a laboratory confirmation of the cardiac origin of the complaints. Results: The distribution of NT pro BNP values in the experimental group showed statistically significant differences between individual profiles of the LUSBI protocol (p < 0.001). Patients assigned to group B PLAPS 2 had significantly higher average values of NT pro-BNP (20159.00 ± 3114.02 pg/mL) compared to other LUSBI profiles. Patients from the experimental group who had a high risk of heart failure according to their BREST scores also had a significantly higher average maximum expiratory diameter compared to those without heart failure (p = 0.004). A statistically significant difference (p = 0.001) in LUSBI profiles was observed between the groups of patients divided according to CVP categories. Conclusion: The integration of the LUSBI protocol into the differential diagnosis of dyspnea has been shown to be very effective in confirming or excluding a cardiac cause of the disease in patients.
Hydrogeochemical Facies and Health Hazards of Fluoride and Nitrate in Groundwater of a Lithium Ore Deposit Basin
Authors: Vesković Jelena , Sentić Milica , Onjia Antonije
Published: September 2024

Fluoride and nitrate contamination in groundwater is a global concern due to their toxicity and associated negative health effects. This study incorporated a comprehensive methodology, including hydrogeochemical analysis, drinking and irrigation water quality assessment, source apportionment, and health risk estimation of groundwater fluoride and nitrate in a lithium ore deposit basin in western Serbia. Groundwater major ion hydrogeochemistry was governed by water–rock interactions, with Ca-Mg-HCO3 identified as the predominant groundwater type. The entropy-weighted water quality index (EWQI), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and sodium percentage (%Na) revealed that 95% of the samples were of excellent to good quality for both drinking and irrigation. Moreover, the results showed that fluorides were of geogenic origin, whereas nitrates originated from agricultural activities. Although the fluoride and nitrate levels in groundwater were relatively low, averaging 1.0 mg/L and 11.1 mg/L, respectively, the results of the health risk assessment revealed that the ingestion of such groundwater can still lead to non-cancerous diseases. The threshold of one for the hazard index was exceeded in 15% and 35% of the samples for adults and children, respectively. Children were more vulnerable to non-carcinogenic risk, with fluorides being the primary contributing factor. The study outcomes can serve as a reference for other lithium-bearing ore areas and guide the management of regional groundwater resources.
Alternatives to Reduce Hot Cracking Susceptibility of IN718 Casting Alloy Laser Beam Welds with a Mushroom Shape
Authors: García-Sesma Leire , Álvarez Pedro , Gorostegui-Colinas Eider , Huarte I. , Santos Fernando
Published: September 2024

Reducing hot cracking is essential for ensuring seamless production of nickel superalloys, which are extensively used in welded structures for aircraft engines. The prevalence of hot cracking in precipitation-strengthened alloy 718 is primarily governed by two factors: firstly, the chemical composition and the coarse microstructure formed during solidification, and secondly, the activation of hot cracking mechanisms, which is particularly critical in mushroom-shaped welding morphologies. In this study, different nickel-based superalloys welded using laser beam welding (LBW), more specifically bead on plate welding (BoP), specimens are compared. The cracking susceptibility of both wrought and two investment casting 718 alloys with tailored chemical compositions is examined through the application of both continuous and pulsed LBW. Additionally, various pre-weld treatments, including with and without Pre-HIP (hot isostatic pressing), are analyzed. The influences of chemical composition, LBW parameters and pre- and post-welding treatments on both internal and external cracks determined by conventional and advanced non-destructive tests are studied. A clear reduction of hot cracking susceptibility and overall welding quality improvement was observed in a tailored 718 alloy with relatively high Ni (55.6% wt) and Co (1.11% wt) contents.
A Method of Images to Study Plate-Impact-Induced Cavitation in Aluminum through Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Jiang Yingzhen , Ma Ziyang , Chu Haijian , Duan Huiling
Published: September 2024

The tensile stress generated by the superposition of two reflection waves in the target plays a critical role in explaining plate-impact-induced spalling. A method of images is proposed to simulate the physical process of wave superposition and this method is applied in order to study the cavitation mechanism in single-crystal Al through molecular dynamics simulation. The critical impact-load velocity for the cavitation obtained by this method is as small as 400 m/s, which is much lower than the result (650 m/s) obtained by the conventional piston-load method. The new cavitation mechanism found is distinctively different from the conventional dislocation-entanglement-induced cavitation under high-velocity impact. The new mechanism involves two key events: firstly, a crack-like defect is formed and its relevant atomic bonds are broken under high tensile stress, resulting in a great momentum of related atoms; and secondly, previous high-momentum atoms collide with the atoms in their running way, resulting in the destruction of the original FCC structure locally and nanovoids or penny-shaped voids being formed. Additionally, the cavitation region, the number of voids, and delamination surfaces increases with the impact-load rate.
Metabolomic Effects of Liraglutide Therapy on the Plasma Metabolomic Profile of Patients with Obesity
Authors: Alfadda Assim A. , Abdel Rahman Anas M. , Benabdelkamel Hicham , AlMalki Reem , Alsuwayni Bashayr , Alhossan Abdulaziz , Aldhwayan Madhawi M. , Abdeen Ghalia N. , Miras Alexander Dimitri , Masood Afshan
Published: September 2024

Background: Liraglutide, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP1RA), is a well-established anti-diabetic drug, has also been approved for the treatment of obesity at a dose of 3 mg. There are a limited number of studies in the literature that have looked at changes in metabolite levels before and after liraglutide treatment in patients with obesity. To this end, in the present study we aimed to explore the changes in the plasma metabolomic profile, using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) in patients with obesity. Methods: A single-center prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of 3 mg liraglutide therapy in twenty-three patients (M/F: 8/15) with obesity, mean BMI 40.81 ± 5.04 kg/m2, and mean age of 36 ± 10.9 years, in two groups: at baseline (pre-treatment) and after 12 weeks of treatment (post-treatment). An untargeted metabolomic profiling was conducted in plasma from the pre-treatment and post-treatment groups using LC-HRMS, along with bioinformatics analysis using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). Results: The metabolomics analysis revealed a significant (FDR p-value ≤ 0.05, FC 1.5) dysregulation of 161 endogenous metabolites (97 upregulated and 64 downregulated) with distinct separation between the two groups. Among the significantly dysregulated metabolites, the majority of them were identified as belonging to the class of oxidized lipids (oxylipins) that includes arachidonic acid and its derivatives, phosphorglycerophosphates, N-acylated amino acids, steroid hormones, and bile acids. The biomarker analysis conducted using MetaboAnalyst showed PGP (a21:0/PG/F1alpha), an oxidized lipid, as the first metabolite among the list of the top 15 biomarkers, followed by cysteine and estrone. The IPA analysis showed that the dysregulated metabolites impacted the pathway related to cell signaling, free radical scavenging, and molecular transport, and were focused around the dysregulation of NF-κB, ERK, MAPK, PKc, VEGF, insulin, and pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling pathways. Conclusions: The findings suggest that liraglutide treatment reduces inflammation and modulates lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the drug’s multifaceted impact on overall metabolism in patients with obesity.
Implementation of Machine Learning-Based System for Early Diagnosis of Feline Mammary Carcinomas through Blood Metabolite Profiling
Authors: Kulkarni Vidhi , Tsigelny Igor F. , Kouznetsova Valentina L.
Published: September 2024

Background: Feline mammary carcinoma (FMC) is a prevalent and fatal carcinoma that predominantly affects unspayed female cats. FMC is the third most common carcinoma in cats but is still underrepresented in research. Current diagnosis methods include physical examinations, imaging tests, and fine-needle aspiration. The diagnosis through these methods is sometimes delayed and unreliable, leading to increased chances of mortality. Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify the biomarkers, including blood metabolites and genes, related to feline mammary carcinoma, study their relationships, and develop a machine learning (ML) model for the early diagnosis of the disease. Methods: We analyzed the blood metabolites of felines with mammary carcinoma using the pathway analysis feature in MetaboAnalyst software, v. 5.0. We utilized machine-learning (ML) methods to recognize FMC using the blood metabolites of sick patients. Results: The metabolic pathways that were elucidated to be associated with this disease include alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, Glutamine and glutamate metabolism, Arginine biosynthesis, and Glycerophospholipid metabolism. Furthermore, we also elucidated several genes that play a significant role in the development of FMC, such as ERBB2, PDGFA, EGFR, FLT4, ERBB3, FIGF, PDGFC, PDGFB through STRINGdb, a database of known and predicted protein-protein interactions, and MetaboAnalyst 5.0. The best-performing ML model was able to predict metabolite class with an accuracy of 85.11%. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that the identification of the biomarkers associated with FMC and the affected metabolic pathways can aid in the early diagnosis of feline mammary carcinoma.
Actuators with Two Double Gimbal Magnetically Suspended Control Moment Gyros for the Attitude Control of the Satellites
Authors: Lungu Romulus , Tudosie Alexandru-Nicolae , Lungu Mihai-Aureliu , Crăciunoiu Nicoleta-Claudia
Published: September 2024

The paper proposes a novel automatic control system for the attitude of the mini-satellites equipped with an actuator having N = 2 DGMSCMGs (Double Gimbal Magnetically Suspended Control Moment Gyros) in parallel and orthogonal configuration, as well as a DGMSCMG-type sensor for the measurement of the satellite absolute angular rate. The proportional-derivative controller, designed based on the Lyapunov-functions theory, elaborates the control law according to which the angular rates applied to the servo systems for the actuation of the DGMSCMGs gyroscopic gimbals are computed. The gimbal’s angular rates create gyroscopic couples acting on the satellite in order to control its attitude with respect to the local orbital frame. The new proposed control architecture was software implemented and validated, and the analysis of the obtained results proved the cancellation of the convergence errors and excellent angular rate precision.
One-Step Dry-Etching Fabrication of Tunable Two-Hierarchical Nanostructures
Authors: Ji Xu , Wang Bo , Zhang Zhongshan , Xiang Yuan , Yang Haifang , Pan Ruhao , Li Junjie
Published: September 2024

Two-hierarchical nanostructures, characterized by two distinct configurations along the height direction, exhibit immense potential for applications in various fields due to their significantly enhanced controllable degree compared to single-order structures. However, due to the limitations imposed by planar technology, the realization of two-hierarchical nanostructures encounters huge challenges. In this work, we developed a one-step etching method based on inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching for two-hierarchical nanostructures. Thanks to the shrinking effect of the Cr mask and the generation of a passivation layer during etching, the target materials experienced two different states from vertical etching to shrink etching. Consequently, the achieved two-hierarchical nanostructure configuration features a cross-section of an upper triangle and a lower rectangle, showing higher controllable degrees compared to the one-order ones. Both the mask pattern and etching parameters play crucial roles, by which two-hierarchical structures with diversiform shapes can be constructed controllably. This method for two-hierarchical nanostructures offers advantages including excellent control over structural properties, high processing efficiency, uniformity across large areas, and universality in materials. This developed strategy not only presents a simple and rapid nanofabrication platform for realizing optoelectronic devices, but also provides innovative ideas for designing the next generation of high-performance devices.
Nitrogen Fixation, Carbohydrate Contents, and Bacterial Microbiota in Unelongated Stem of Manure Compost-Applied Rice at Panicle Initiation
Authors: Ao Zhalaga , Tsuchiya Miu , Xia Juan , Hayakawa Chie , Takahashi Yukitsugu , Hirai Hideaki , Maeda Isamu
Published: September 2024

In rice, symbiotic N2 fixation via nodule bacteroids does not take place naturally. Although N2 fixation by endophytic and associative diazotrophs has been reported in rice, the main organs and seasonal regulation for the N2 fixation have not been elucidated. In this study, seasonal changes in nitrogenase (acetylene reduction) activity and carbohydrate contents in elongated culm (EC), unelongated stem (US), and crown root (CR) were investigated in manure compost (MC)- and chemical fertilizer (CF)-applied rice. Nitrogenase activity increased after rooting (June) and reached the highest activity in US of MC-applied rice at panicle initiation (August). The sucrose content in EC continued to increase after rooting regardless of the applied materials, whereas the glucose content in US increased after rooting only in CF-applied rice, suggesting higher consumption of glucose in US of MC-applied rice. There were significant differences among bacterial microbiota in EC, US, and CR at panicle initiation. In addition, Clostridia class anaerobes were more abundant in US of MC-applied rice than in EC and CR of MC-applied rice. Such difference was not observed in US of CF-applied rice. These results suggest the suitability of US of MC-applied rice at panicle initiation as a site of N2 fixation under anaerobic conditions.
Study on the Effects of Microwave Heating Time and Power on the Mechanical Properties of Cemented Tailings Backfill
Authors: Ding Pengchu , Yan Shiheng , Guo Qinqiang , Chang Liwu , Li Zhen , Zhou Changtai , Han Dong , Yang Jie
Published: September 2024

With the escalating demand for advanced and eco-friendly processing technologies in mining engineering, the potential applications of microwave heating technology in the treatment of cement tailings backfill (CTB) are expanding significantly. This research comprehensively investigates the mechanisms through which microwave irradiation duration and power influence the mechanical properties of CTB with varying concentrations and cement-to-sand ratios. The aim is to reveal the influencing patterns through experimental methods, providing scientific evidence for optimizing CTB treatment processes. This paper conducted microwave heating tests, uniaxial compression tests, and SEM-EDS tests on CTB. The research results indicate that heating time and power significantly enhance the early strength of CTB, with a more pronounced effect on CTB with higher concentrations and higher cement–sand ratios. When the heating time is 7 min and the heating power is 340 W, the cement hydration reaction is maximally promoted, thereby increasing the density and strength growth rate of CTB. However, excessively long heating time or overly high heating power may cause microcracks or thermal stress concentration within the CTB, adversely affecting the strength growth rate of CTB. Optimal thermal exposure duration and microwave power settings facilitate the activation of cementitious materials and the nucleation of calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) phases, thereby accelerating the compressive strength evolution of cemented tailings backfill (CTB). The outcomes of this research offer valuable insights into the deployment of microwave heating methodologies in underground mine backfilling, which are pivotal for augmenting the economic viability and environmental sustainability of mining operations.
Towards Mine 4.0: A Proposed Multi-Layered Architecture for Real-Time Surveillance and Anomaly Detection in an Open-Pit Phosphate Mine
Authors: El Hiouile Laila , Errami Ahmed , Azami Nawfel
Published: September 2024

Given the global importance and limited availability of phosphate, optimizing the use of this critical resource and minimizing its wastage are of paramount importance. In this context, this paper proposes an innovative architecture for the implementation of an intelligent video surveillance system specifically designed for open-pit phosphate mines. The proposed architecture is designed to meet the overall functional requirements of a surveillance system in the challenging environment of open-pit mining, while aligning with the guidelines of the Mine 4.0 revolution. It incorporates advanced technologies that address the critical challenges of latency, data security, and transparency commonly encountered in traditional monitoring systems. By adopting a multi-layered approach that leverages edge, fog, and cloud computing, coupled with blockchain technology and expert collaboration, our architecture offers a comprehensive framework for efficient data processing at every stage, from initial data acquisition to real-time anomaly detection and decision-making.