bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tinjauan Hukum Islam pada Praktik Mappasikarawa Dalam Perkawinan Suku Bugis
Authors: Damayanti Alfina , Salami Ummi
Published: October 2022

Mappasikarawa is a ritual after the marriage contract in the Bugis tradition. This study aims to find out how the Mappasikarawa ritual practice and the legal review of munakahat. This research is a field research with analytical descriptive research method. Data collection techniques using interview techniques to informants. The data that has been collected is processed by editing and analyzed based on a review of the munakahat law. After the marriage ceremony, the bridegroom is taken to the bride's room. The bridegroom is directed to sit opposite each other on the bed, then Pappasikarawa guides the bridegroom's thumb to touch the bride's body while praying for it. According to the munakahat legal review, the mappasikarawa ritual is permissible because the implementation of the ritual does not contain any harm and does not conflict with Islamic law. this is a true 'Urf.
Percepción del liderazgo en organizaciones públicas en Lima, Perú
Authors: Boy Barreto Ana Maritza , Espinoza Valenzuela Alberto Benjamin , Olmos Saldívar David , Carlos Ramos José Alberto
Published: October 2022

Los líderes son pieza clave en las organizaciones de todos los sectores, a partir de sus competencias se construye gran parte de las características de la organización. Las organizaciones públicas requieren líderes cada vez más flexibles y capacitados para el desenvolvimiento de formulas de trabajo que permitan el alcance de metas cada vez más complejas producto de las dinámicas y demandas del mundo contemporáneo. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir como se percibe el liderazgo en organizaciones públicas en Lima, Perú. La investigación corresponde a un trabajo cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo y de diseño no experimental, para el cual se aplicó un cuestionario. Los resultados indican que la percepción general sobre el liderazgo es positiva, destacando aspectos como la promoción del trabajo colaborativo, el reconocimiento de competencias particulares y el abordaje multidisciplinario. Mientras que se descuidan aspectos como la autonomía de los colaboradores y la toma flexible de decisiones.
Participación ciudadana y gestión pública en Lima, Perú
Authors: Palumbo Pinto Guido Benedicto , Tejada Estrada Gina Coral , Inche Mitma Jorge Luis , Gomero Mancesidor Johnny Mitchell
Published: October 2022

Desde la década de los 90 del siglo pasado, en el mundo entero los Estados nacionales, como estructuras político-administrativas, están en dificultades para atender los problemas de la población, además, atraviesan una profunda crisis de legitimidad. Ante esto, una respuesta ha sido la promoción de la participación ciudadana como una herramienta para legitimar y aumentar la eficiencia de la gestión pública. En el Perú, existen distintos mecanismos legales que facilitan diversas herramientas de participación. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la percepción de participación ciudadana en la gestión pública en Lima, Perú. El trabajo corresponde a un enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo, no experimental. Se utilizó un cuestionario para la recolección de información. Los resultados arrojaron que la ciudadanía no participa activamente en la toma de decisiones de la gestión pública, los sectores políticos se apropian de estos mecanismos para favorecer sus propios intereses, generando así en la población una percepción de ineficacia ante su participación en asuntos públicos.
Migración y turismo en territorios de flujo en el contexto de la globalización
Authors: Muñoz Arroyave Elkin Argiro , López Martínez Alexandra , Pineda Gómez Hernán Darío , Ruiz Arias Miriam
Published: October 2022

La movilidad desplegada por el turismo y la migración en las condiciones actuales de la globalización no solo refleja condiciones de desigualdad entre quién se moviliza y los efectos donde llega, sino que produce un tipo particular de territorio, de flujos. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la manera en que el proceso de globalización produce un territorio de flujos a través de dos fenómenos de la movilidad humana como el turismo y la migración. Se emplea una metodología mixta, estructurada en dos momentos: primero se desarrolla una revisión y análisis de literatura sobre la relación entre turismo y migración; segundo, se realiza un análisis estadístico y cartográfico de los comportamientos recientes de ambos fenómenos. Se concluye que tanto el turismo como la migración representan la movilidad que caracteriza la globalización actual y al mismo tiempo, las relaciones local-global-local, configurando un territorio de flujos que refleja las condiciones socioeconómicas desiguales y dominantes de la época actual. Por un lado, una creciente exclusión de los migrantes y, por el otro, una opulencia consumista a partir de los viajes turísticos.
A Physiological Status of Apana Vayu
Authors: Girdhar Dr. Shipra , Sharma Dr. Rajesh Kumar , Chandra Sharma Dr. Dinesh
Published: October 2022

Human need is infinite. As time increases, demand and needs of human also increases. Their first and foremost need is to live a long life. It is possible when we have a healthy lifestyle. Ayurveda a traditional Indian system of medicine, main aim is to maintain the health of healthy and cure the disease of diseased. That’s why people all around the world are looking towards India since ancient times. In Ayurveda health is a state where the Dosha, Agni, Dhaatu, Mala, all the physiological process are in homeostatic state and soul, sense organ and mind are in a state of total wellbeing. A science of Ayurveda is based on Tridosha theory. Vata one among three Doshas play an important and major role in both health and diseased condition. Vata dosha has five divisions namely Prana, Udana, Samana, Vyana and Apana. Vata Dosha is the most important factor of Tridosha which is responsible for controlling all types of movements. After the digestion of food by Agni with the help of Samana Vayu, Aahara is converted into Saara and Kitta portion. Kitta portion of food is eliminated by Apana Vayu with the harmonization of another Prana and Vyana Vayu. Apana Vayu is located in Pakvadhana and traversed though Sroni (pelvis), Basti (urinary bladder), Medhra (external genital apparatus of each sex) and uru (thighs). It helps in elimination Samirana (flatus), Sakrit (faeces), Mutra (urine), Sukra (semen), Garbha (fetus), Artava (menstrual fluid). In this article an attempt has been made to correlate the physiological activity of Apana Vayu with modern medical science. For this study, the basic materials have been collected from the Ayurvedic classics with the available commentaries, as well as text books of contemporary modern medical science have been referred for better understanding of the concept and its comparison with contemporary science.

Key words: Ayurveda, Apana Vayu, Autonomic Nervous System
Influence of Vascular Territory and Socioeconomic Status on Barriers in Physical Activity Using the Barriers to Physical Activity After Stroke Scale (BAPAS) in 40-60 Years of Stroke Patients: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Joshi Dr. Snehal , Saware Dr. Shreeya
Published: October 2022

The impairments caused by MCA, PCA and ACA involvement may be different but its effect on activities of daily living and on functional capacity of the patients is same, because while performing any activity or function the coordination of the entire body plays an important role.
Also, even though patients with low socioeconomic status face various physical, financial problems which may intensify stroke factors like severity, mortality, recurrence or increase hospital stay and lack proper healthcare facilities; personal motivators like family support can prove beneficial for stroke recovery.
The barriers to physical activities can be divided into personal and environmental barriers.
The study was conducted to analyse influence of vascular territory and socioeconomic status on barriers in physical activity in stroke patients.
Subjects were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Subjects were assessed using Barriers to Physical Activity Scale (BAPAS) and Modified Kuppuswamy scale was used to assess socioeconomic status.
Scores were noted for the BAPAS scale.
Data analysis was done using Kruskal Wallis test by using SPSS software.
The results stated that there was no difference between the vascular territory and socioeconomic status on barriers to physical activity.
Thus, this study concluded that there was no correlation between vascular territory and barriers to physical activity or between socioeconomic status and barriers to physical activity.

Key words: Stroke, vascular territory, socioeconomic status, barriers to physical activity
Expression of K-19 Cytokeratin in Gingival Epithelial Cells in Periodontal Health and Disease - An Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Devadason Dr. Neethi Deborah , Lingesan Dr. Akila , V Dr. Parvathi
Published: October 2022

Background and aim: CK19, a secondary keratin of simple epithelial cells, is the smallest cytokeratin. Its expression was observed in basal and suprabasal stratified squamous epithelial cells of oral mucosa, especially in case of inflammatory conditions and epithelial dysplasia. The aim of this analytical cross-sectional study was to investigate the expression of CK 19 in the gingival epithelial cells of healthy and periodontitis subjects and to correlate the findings with the clinical parameters.
Materials and methods: The tissue samples were collected from a total of 30 patients from the healthy and periodontitis groups, during orthodontic/ 3rd molar extractions and during periodontal surgeries respectively. The tissues were then processed for immunohistochemistry analysis and the results were obtained.
Results: The data obtained were statistically analysed (CHI square and ANOVA tests) and the results suggested that, there was no statistically significant difference in the expression of CK-19 between healthy and periodontitis groups.
Conclusion: The results of this study further affirm the varied responses to destruction (breakdown and repair) from individual to individual during the host-microbial interactions. The mixed outcome could also be due to the suppression of overt inflammation following phase I therapy.

Keywords: basal layers, cytokeratin, immunohistochemistry, inflammation, oral epithelium.
Effect of Healthcare Financing on Performance of Sub County Hospitals in Trans Nzoia County, Kenya
Authors: Kundu Titus Ndalila , Gichure Dr. Joseph
Published: October 2022

The main purpose of the study was to examine the effect of Healthcare Financing on Performance of Sub County Hospitals in Trans Nzoia County, Kenya. The study focused on the following specific objectives: To assess the effect of public health insurance scheme on Performance of Sub-County Hospitals in Trans Nzoia County, Kenya., and to examine the effect of devolved health services financing on Performance of Sub-County Hospitals in Trans Nzoia County, Kenya. The study was anchored on the Systems Theory by Kataz and Khan, and governance theory. The study targeted the 164 healthcare providers and patients of sub-county hospitals in Trans Nzoia County using census method since the target population was small and reachable. A descriptive research design was adopted with the questionnaire used as a data collection instrument which include both qualitative and quantitative data. The SPSS v26 software was used in establishing the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable through the employment of ANOVA, regression and correlation analysis techniques in data analysis. The study findings indicated a statistically significant effect between the variables that led to the prediction of the dependent variable. The F-ratio (F=10.578) which was greater than the significance level of .05 depicted an overall regression model that was used to measure the dependent variable by the predictor variables. The results of the study will be expected to contribute towards the existing findings as well as forming a basis for future scholarly work in the field of healthcare financing on performance of the health facilities. This research will be important to the county governments, and in particular management of sub-county hospitals and in improving the scholarly literature reservoir.

Keywords: [Health Care Financing, Financing Challenges, Universal Healthcare, Performance]
The Effect of Leadership Style and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance with Satisfaction Work as Intervening Variable (Case Study PTPN IV Laras)
Authors: Cahyani Evo Secia , Edward Yusuf Ronny , Purba Mohd. Nawi
Published: October 2022

This study focuses on examining the influence of leadership style and organizational culture on job satisfaction, the influence of leadership style, organizational culture and job satisfaction on employee performance. The influence of leadership style and organizational culture on employee performance with job satisfaction as an intervening variable. Primary data collection techniques using questionnaires and interviews, secondary data obtained from the HR department of PTPN IV Laras. The population in the study in the form of all permanent employees of PTPN IV Laras amounted to 349 people. The technique of determining the number of samples using slovin with a total sample of 185 people. The data analysis technique uses structural equation modeling. The results of the study indicate that the variables of leadership style and organizational culture have a significant effect on employee job satisfaction. From the results of the study, it was also found that the variables of leadership style, organizational culture and job satisfaction had a significant effect on employee performance. However, the job satisfaction variable does not mediate the influence of organizational culture on employee performance. The results show that the variable job satisfaction mediates the influence of leadership style on employee performance.

Keywords: Leadership Style, Organizational Culture, Job Satisfaction, Employee Performance
The Influence of Quality of Service and Hospital Image on Patient Loyalty with Satisfaction Patients as Intervening Variables (Case Study of Sri Ratu Hospital Medan)
Authors: Kaban Debi Yolanda , Lubis Arlina Nurbaity , Sembiring Beby Karina F
Published: October 2022

Basically, having a healthy body is everyone's dream, because with a healthy body, life activities can run effectively. Health is also a very important need for every individual because it is valuable and expensive. One of the efforts to improve health is to choose the health service facilities that are used. Sri Ratu Hospital is one of the oldest private hospitals with class D type in Medan which has an active status and has been established for 35 years. Inpatient services are the main concern of hospital management because the number of inpatients is more than other treatments. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of service quality and hospital image through patient satisfaction on patient loyalty at Sri Ratu Hospital. This type of research is an associative study and the population in this study were all inpatients at Sri Ratu Hospital from 2019 to 2021, namely 1,523 patients, with a total sample of 317 patients. The sampling method used is purposive sampling. Data analysis was carried out through PLS-SEM using the SmartPLS program. The results showed that the direct quality of service, hospital image and satisfaction had a positive and significant effect on patient loyalty at Sri Ratu Hospital Medan. then indirectly service quality has a positive and significant effect on patient loyalty through hospital image and hospital image through hospital image has a positive and significant effect on patient loyalty at Sri Ratu Hospital Medan.

Keywords: Service Quality, Hospital Image, Patient Satisfaction, Patient Loyalty
Religar investigación y docencia. Experiencias de investigación compleja y transdisciplinar
Authors: Guzmán Ibarra Isabel , Marín Uribe Rigoberto
Published: October 2022

En este libro se presentan resultados de tres experiencias de construcción y aplicación de estrategias recursivantes de práctica educativa de formación de profesores y de estudiantes universitarios, sustentada en principios del pensamiento complejo y pilares de la transdisciplinariedad, que religa procesos de investigación y docencia. La obra se ofrece en siete capítulos que agrupa tres entramados: problémico, teórico y metodológico y los capítulos restantes corresponden a resultados del estudio. El contexto de planetarización de nuestro tiempo obliga a momentos de reflexión sobre la realidad desde una óptica compleja y transdisciplinar que conduzca a generar e implementar estrategias pedagógicas que incorporen la perspectiva de la auto-socio-ecoformación que pueda hacer frente al entramado de problemas educativos que padecemos. Puede pensarse que la red teórico-conceptual sobre complejidad y transdisciplinariedad ha sido amplia en cuanto a su difusión para construir una reforma del pensamiento que lleve a transformar la educación; sin embargo, es aún insuficiente para que docentes y discentes puedan aplicarlo en su práctica educativa, en procesos de intervención áulica.
Причины поражения восстания Ната Тернера
Authors: Шумаков Андрей Андреевич
Published: October 2022

В данной статье речь идет о Саутгемптонском восстании рабов 1831 г. в США под предводительством Ната Тернера. Последнего в западной историографии часто называют «черным Спартаком». Причем подобные сравнения можно встретить едва ли не в каждом серьезном академическом исследовании по данному вопросу. Опираясь на обширную источниковую базу в виде сохранившихся материалов следствия, первых газетных публикаций, ведущих западных исследований, а также продолжая указанную аналогию со знаменитым восстанием рабов 74–71 г. до н. э. в Римской республике, автор попытался разобраться в причинах провала Вирджинского бунта 1831 г. Анализируя каждую из гипотез, он сделал выводы о роли того или иного фактора. Помимо этого, в работе рассматриваются сходства и различия обоих восстаний, хотя особое внимание акцентируется именно на причинах поражения вооруженного выступления рабов в Саутгемптоне. Помимо историко-сравнительного анализа, в статье используются ретроспективный и каузальный методы исторического исследования. Особо стоит отметить, что на данный момент тема Саутгемптонского мятежа 21–23 августа 1831 г. совершенно не представлена в отечественной историографии, что делает эту работу особенно актуальной.
Iot Based Recycling Paper Transformation Machine
Authors: Ali H. Mohammed , Nair Suraj R , Singh Sokhi Karan , Goswami Ankur , Choudhary Samyak
Published: October 2022

Institutions like schools, colleges, offices, banks, etc. where the use of paper is quite high and larger the amount increase the need of new papers. So there's an effective way to recycle those used papers instead of buying more new papers. Used papers mostly get dumped in the trash or used by vendors and ultimately into the trash. In today's world numerous big machines are there for the recycling of paper but must higher in the cost to get afforded by a small unit. So designing a simple and cheap machine will eradicate all the problems. Such a recycling machine will help us to produce noncomplex, simple and cheap papers where the institution can use the same paper instead of buying again and again. The designing of the machine will be prepared with the vital component needed. The project will find a way to stabilize and organize the papers produced into a finite paper with proper adjustments. Currently the focus is mainly to get a fine paper followed by the cutting machine to get desired product. Also the designing and fabricating of the machine will be simple enough for a person who have less knowledge in technology will also be able to operate it. Thus focusing on the employment opportunity in the today's world. The machine is designed basically following the protocol of industry 4.0. It's an automatic machine where papers will be recycled through the help of an application starting from the grinder to the cutter in order to receive a fine paper with proper dimensions. Here the user can remotely switch on the system from any part of the world over internet. Also length of paper and number of paper can be adjusted from anywhere in the world using the IoT.
Exploring ESP/EAP through questionnaire and replication research
Authors: Le Quynh , Xu Xiaopeng
Published: October 2022

Replicating Moir and Nation (2002): English for Academic Purposes learners’ metacognitive knowledge

Research suggests that language learners have personal beliefs and knowledge about ways to learn a language (Wenden Rubin, 1987). Such beliefs and knowledge are conceptualised as metacognitive knowledge (Wenden, 1998). For vocabulary learners, metacognitive knowledge refers to what they know about themselves (e.g. their strengths and weaknesses), about the nature of vocabulary learning, and effective strategies. Moir and Nation’s (2002) study shows evidence that learners with high levels of this metacognitive knowledge are able to approach vocabulary more strategically and effectively, whereas those with gaps in their metacognitive knowledge persisted in learning behaviors they found unfruitful. Through interviews with ten English learners about how they learned vocabulary in an English for Academic Purposes (EAP) course, Moir and Nation (2002) found that most participants showed limited awareness of some important aspects in vocabulary learning, such as need-based word selection, depth of word knowledge, and effective strategies. Only one learner demonstrated a good understanding of how to learn vocabulary effectively. The present study, as a conceptual replication of Moir and Nation (2002), investigated learners’ metacognitive knowledge for vocabulary learning during a language course. Interviews were conducted with eight EAP students learning in the same institution as those in Moir and Nation (2002). The data showed that most participants reported many learning behaviors that are compatible with the good learner in Moir and Nation (2002), such as the awareness of learning different aspects of word knowledge and the need to put new words into use. Word selection and the impact of vocabulary testing did not emerge as noticeable issues in the current study as they did in Moir and Nation (2002). The different cohorts of participants and changes made to the current EAP course might have played an important part in these commonalities and differences in the findings of the two studies.

The Principles and Practice of Developing and Validating a Questionnaire in Applied Linguistics Research

Questionnaires have become one of the most common data collection methods in applied linguistics. However, despite the wide application of questionnaires, it is not uncommon to come across questionnaires without sufficient reliability and validity. The major reason for this could be the questionnaire developers’ insufficient awareness of the questionnaire development and validation theory. In this talk, I report on the main principles and steps I followed to develop and validate two questionnaires about English for Medical Purposes (EMP) coursebooks used in China.
Macroeconomic Determinants of Tourism Demand in Malaysia: A Markov Switching Regression Approach
Authors: Soh Ann-Ni , Puah Chin-Hong , Jong Meng-Chang
Published: October 2022

A wave of studies has always surrounded the nexus of tourism development and economic growth in a nation. An assessment is provided in this study to examine the Malaysian tourism market dynamics. A series of macroeconomic variables has been utilised to model tourism demand and examine causal linkages among tourism and economic growth. Spanning from 2000 till 2018 on a monthly basis, the Markov regime switching regression provides an overview of tourism market performance and potential influences during recession and expansion periods of the Malaysian tourism cycle. Notably, the results present a reference chronology of the crises happening over the past two decades, the Granger causality of the variables, and different behavioural changes of the variables as well for both recession and expansion periods. Significant relationships have been revealed in this study that suggest that overall international tourism can drive economic growth and vice versa.
Rubella-specific IgG antibodies in non-pregnant women in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Chisom Chimbundum Adim  , Hope Chioma Innocent-Adiele  , Ngozi Nma Odu  , Iheanyi Omezuruike Okonko
Published: October 2022

Background: Rubella is a contagious virus-borne disease. The study aimed to test a cohort of non-pregnant women in Rivers State for rubella virus IgG antibodies and identify their susceptibility to the viral infection. Methods: The study included 92 consenting non-pregnant women attending Rivers State University Teaching Hospital in Rivers State. The sera were evaluated for detectable anti-rubella IgG antibodies using ELISA kits according to the manufacturer's instructions. Results: Eighty-five (92.4 per cent) of the 92 samples tested positive for rubella Immunoglobulin G antibodies, while 7 (7.6 per cent) tested negative. Rubella IgG seroprevalence was unrelated to age, education, or occupation. Conclusion: Given the high level of rubella IgG among non-pregnant women tested in Rivers State, it is likely that the virus is prevalent in the research area. As a result, a robust surveillance system and the organization of screening for anti-rubella IgG antibodies in pregnant women would be critical for future protection against the illness.
Spatio-temporal variation of bacteria of the Vibrio and Pseudomonas genera in some underground water points developed in the locality of Ombessa (Department of Mbam-et-Inoubou, Center-Cameroon)
Authors: Samuel-Davy/ Baleng  , Olive- Vivien-Noah/Ewoti  , Serge- Ronny-Ott/ Song  , Claire-Stéphane /Metsopkeng  , Morelle-Raisa- Tagne /Djiala  , Maximillienne- Ascencion/Nyegue  , Moïse /Nola
Published: October 2022

A study aimed at evaluating the seasonal variation of Vibrio and Pseudomonas in groundwater in the city of Ombessa, Center region of Cameroon was conducted from January to July 2021. The microorganisms sought were Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria BHAMs, bacteria of the Vibrio and Pseudomonas genera. These bacteria were isolated from 10 groundwater points by the surface spreading technique for BHAM and the membrane filter method for Vibrio and Pseudomonas. Plate count agar was used for BHAMs, TCBS medium for Vibrio and Cetrimide agar for Pseudomonas. Some abiotic parameters such as temperature, pH, were measured using the usual techniques. The data obtained was analyzed using the appropriate software. Correlation and comparison tests between the variables were carried out. It shows that the water studied has a pH of 5.94 UC to 7.9 UC, the content of dissolved O2 reached 5 mg/L, and there are positive and significant correlations between the density of isolated bacteria and the levels of physicochemical variables. Two species of the genus Pseudomonas (aeruginosa and fluorescens) and four of the genus Vibrio (cholerea, alginolyticus, vulnificus and parahaemolyticus) were isolated, with variable abundance rates ranges from 194 to 898 CFU/100mL for Pseudomonas and from 58 to 683 CFU/100mL for Vibrio. The presence of these germs in groundwater can be explain by the proximity of sources of pollution. This water would be unfit for human consumption without prior treatment according to the World Health Organization standard.
Reforms in Gilgit-Baltistan
Authors: Arhama Siddiqa
Published: October 2022

The Gilgit-Baltistan region is neither a province of Pakistan nor part of the federation. Recently, the suggestion that Gilgit-Baltistan be made a province of Pakistan has stirred a new debate, especially about Pakistan’s stance over Kashmir. Past “packages” could not be properly implemented due to the self-centred differences within the bureaucracy in Islamabad and Gilgit. Moreover, the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) passes through this region as well. The political government in Gilgit-Baltistan and the public, at large, with the support of all political parties in this region, have repeatedly expressed their concerns about its due share in CPEC. However, the Pakistani Government is of the view that the CPEC is a game changer for Gilgit-Baltistan and Pakistan whereas the projects and 51 MoUs, enlisted by Ministry of Planning and Economic Affairs, have no mention of Gilgit-Baltistan for a single project or MoU. Added to this melee is the definite Chinese pressure to ensure that nothing impedes its progress. It is for Islamabad to come up with a reform package which will  pacify the people of Gilgit-Baltistan and bring them aboard the train to economic development. This paper aims to address the pertinent question of whether Pakistan can address the issue of the constitutional status of  Gilgit-Baltsiatn  without compromising on its stance on Kashmir. If not, what should be done to avoid any sort of hindrance to CPEC projects being carried out in that region.
COP21 Paris: Pakistan and a New Global Climate Regime
Authors: Ahmad Naeem Salik
Published: October 2022

In today’s globalised world environmental factors are going to play a major role in not so distant a future, in the social and economic development of countries, especially the underdeveloped ones. We cannot comprehend the magnitude of these changes right now especially in Pakistan, where environmental degradation is already having a major impact,  be it through changing climate patterns, or increased number of natural calamities. Conference of Parties (COP21) was a United Nation (UN) Conference on Climate Change in Paris, held between November-December 2015, to put these environmental changes into perspective and find solutions for them. The major outcome of this conference was the Paris Agreement. In September 2015, during the 70th United Nation General Assembly (UNGA) meeting, which was a precursor to the COP21 Conference, the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was approved. Pakistan is one of the countries, already suffering from the effects of climate change and water insecurity issues, falls into the category of water stressed states. As one of the signatories of the Paris Agreement, it gives a great opportunity to Pakistan to seek help from the international community to deal better with its environmental issues. As Pakistan is an agrarian economy, any drastic changes in the environment will have an adverse impact on its national economy. This paper will evaluate the vulnerability of Pakistan to the phenomenon of climate change, and the deleterious impact it can have on the per capita income, water security, and food-energy nexus of the people of Pakistan; and will suggest as to how the policy makers of the country can place it on the path towards green economy, as envisioned by the government's Vision 2025 plan.
Comparison of Occlusal Molar Tooth Width of the Etawa Crossbreed Goat
Authors: Soeharsono Mr. , Elijani Hana , Widjiati Ms. , Hendrawan Viski Fitri , Luqman Epy Muhammad
Published: October 2022

This study aims to identify the molars based on the width of the occlusal plane. The study was designed using a group design. The object of the study was the lower jaw bone (os mandibula) of CE goats aged three to four years without distinguishing gender. Measurements were also made on the maxillary molars (maxilla) from several skulls without mandibles of 14 each. Measurements were made on one side of the mandible (mandibular) or maxilla (maxilla) assuming symmetry. Measurements were done using a caliper. The target measured was the largest total width of the crowns of the I,2, and 3 molars (MMb11, MMb12; MMb21, MMb22, and MMb31, MMb32). The measurement data are recorded, tabulated, and presented in the form of mean and standard deviation. Size differences between molar width, molar notch, and molar plane were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance without interaction. The difference in width is significant if the test results have an error probability of less than five percent. If the test results are significant, it is tested with Duncan to see the difference in the pair at the five percent level. Conclusion, it was found that there was no difference in the indentation width between the molars, five of the fourteen molars examined, M1 showed no crypts.
Effect of soursop leaf extract solution on the death of armyworm (Spodoptera litura F.) on mustard plants
Authors: Rizali Akhmad , Aziza Noor Laili , Marsuni Yusriadi
Published: October 2022

Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is a type of vegetable plant that is widely cultivated because the content in it is beneficial for the body. Cultivation of mustard plants is experiencing problems, namely a decrease in production caused by armyworm attacks. Therefore, it is necessary to have an environmentally friendly control to suppress this pest population. One of the control methods that can be used is by using soursop leaves. The research design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 1 factor, with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments used included P1 (control), P2 (concentration 10 g/l extract), P3 (concentration 20 g/l extract, and P4 (concentration 30 g/l extract). The results obtained showed treatment P4 soursop leaf extract solution was effectively used in the control of armyworms P4 is the best concentration be able to kill the armyworm (Spodoptera litura) amounted to 80% within 24 hours of observation after being treated, with a concentration of 30 g per liter because it showed the best results on all parameters, and the LC50 value in this study was at a dose of 16.64 g/l.
Effect of Dosage on Combination Ethylen Glycol and Dimethyl Sulfoxide as Cryoprotectant using Vitrification on Viability of Mice (Mus musculus) Blastoscyst Post Warming
Authors: Saumi Zakiah , Hendrawan Viski Fitri , Widjiati Ms. , Luqman Epy Muhammad
Published: October 2022

Cryopreservation is a method of reproductive technologythat is useful for embryo and preservation creaturesthat are almost extinct. Cryoprotectants are often used for vitrification are PROH, DMSO and EG becausethey have good and efficient results. The study objectivewas to know does the viability of mice blastocystincrease with the combination of intracellularcryoprotectant ethylene glycol (EG) and dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) in vitrification. This study used mice oocytes thencarried out in vitro fertilization and cultureduntil reaching the blastocyst stage. The mice weresuperovulated using 5 IU PMSG and 5 IU hCG after 48hours, then monomatting using infertile males. Egg cellsare taken by tearing the fertilization bag andwashing using MEM. Embryo is cultured so that it reaches the blastocyst phase and is then divided into 4groups: vitrified using 30% EG, 30% DMSO, 20% combination EG + 10% DMSO and 10% P4 combinationEG and 20% DMSO. The four groups were inserted intothe hemi straw which has been modified with 0.25berurn and then put back into the hemi straw with a size of0.5. Hemi Straw which already containedembryos was inserted into a liquid N2 container with a temperature of -196. Warming was done after theembryo was vitrified for a week. After being removed from the container, heating is done at roomtemperature. The embryo hemi straw was inserted into the sucrose level alternately, i.e. 0.25 M, 0.5 M and1M respectively for 2 minutes. Warming process to removecryoprotectants that are in the embryo.Examination of the viability of blastocyst was done usingan inverted microscope. The results of this studythat there were significant differences between groupsusing combination cryoprotectant EG 20% and DMSO10% (p<0.05) with 84% viability. The combination of EGand DMSO could increase the viability of miceblastocyst. The ethylene glycol 20% and dimethyl Sulfoxide 10% was the best concentration combinationbased on this research.
ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITIES OF ILLEGAL MINE RESISTANCE TO THE ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL ECONOMIC DYNAMICS
Authors: A. Silvan Erusani  , Ardian Chandra Aji
Published: October 2022

This study aims to assess the anthropogenic activities of illegal mining on the environment and socio-economic dynamics at the location of gold mining without a permit in Madong Raya Village, Tanah Pinoh District, Melawi Regency. The research approach is qualitative with the aim of producing a descriptive analysis related to the data collected based on the construction of existing theories and literature. Field findings reveal that anthropogenic activities are still carried out by local communities in the defense of illegal mining and have an impact on environmental degradation and meet daily needs in financing families and the strength of interaction between residents in utilizing natural resources. Research data analysis was carried out in a descriptive way, namely the impact of illegal mining and social impacts society from anthropogenic activities causing prolonged degradation. Anthropogenic activities cause the decline in environmental quality and local people's livelihoods in meeting daily needs as well as developing community capacity and empowerment in a participatory, equitable, and environmentally friendly manner so as to create social and economic resilience as well as resilience to the effects of external changes by not carrying out mining activities. gold is illegal considering that there are casualties due to the mining
DETERMINANTS OF STUNTING: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Fidyah Aminin  , Melly Damayanti  , Nurul Aini Suria Saputri  , Darwitri Darwitri
Published: October 2022

One of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) is to end all forms of malnutrition by 2030. In 2015, undernutrition or stunting was considered to be an underlying contributing factor in about 45% of the 5.9 million children who died under the age of five. Referring to the impact it is important to know the factors that cause stunting. This study aims to determine the determinants of stunting. This study uses a Systematic Literature Study design from several selected materials using the PRISMA protocol method. The 14 study materials taken were obtained from 5 publications from PubMed, and 9 publications from Google Scholar. Based on identification results and 14 articles can be concluded that determinant factors of stunting consistently are economic social status (family income), infectious disease, mother's education, exclusive breastfeeding, low birth weight baby,  premature birthing, inclusive mother's milk, birthing length, macro and micro deficiency, water dan circle sanitation, community, and social factors also significantly influence the stunting. It is hoped that there will be a government program that can support stunting prevention by considering the determinant of stunting
ESSENTIAL HEALTHY SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT STANDARDS TO MAINTAIN CONDUCIVE LEARNING ATMOSPHERE
Authors: Wayan Maba
Published: October 2022

The school environment is one unit of the physical, mental and social environment of the school that meets the health requirements so that it can support the teaching and learning process properly and support the growth and development process of students optimally. A healthy school environment can be realized or maintained by involving all components of the school stakeholders. This study made use of a qualitative research design with descriptive analysis. Data were collected by conducting field studies, direct observation, and interviews with school stakeholders. This study found that to maintain school health, the essential healthy standards should be carefully and intensively implemented at schools. Therefore, this research implies that schools should maintain a healthy school environment so that students can study well and comfortably.
DETERMINING THE POPULARITY OF ISLAND TOURIST DESTINATIONS USING GOOGLE TRENDS ANALYSIS
Authors: Utama I Gusti Bagus Rai , Junaedi I Wayan Ruspendi , Putri PA Andiena Nindya , Krismawintari Ni Putu Dyah
Published: October 2022

This study uses the Google Trends Tool to determine the popularity of four island tourist destinations in the world, namely Phuket, Bali, Hawaii, and Langkawi. The most popular tourist destinations are Hawaii, then Bali, then Phuket, and finally Langkawi. The results of the analysis show that from the beginning of 2000 to the end of 2021, almost all island tourist destinations in the world. Phuket destination is very popular for tourists who come from Thailand itself, Russia, Turkey, Hong Kong, and Singapore. Bali is very popular among tourists from Indonesia, the Netherlands, India, Australia, and Belgium. Hawaii is very popular among tourists from the United States itself, Japan, Canada, Brazil, and South Korea. While Langkawi is very popular among tourists who come from Malaysia itself, Singapore, Pakistan, Hong Kong, and Egypt.
BREAK EVENT POINT ANALYSIS ON BROILER FARMS OF OKU REGENCY
Authors: Ayugustin Ayugustin , Fifian Fifian Permata Sari , Yetty Oktarina
Published: October 2022

This study aims to analyze the income and break-even point of broiler farming in OKU Regency. The research method used is a survey method and the sampling method used is a saturated sampling method with a total sample of 8 broiler breeders spread across Lubuk Raja District and Lubuk Batang District, OKU District. The study was carried out from February to May 2022. The research data was processed using a mathematical equation to calculate the income of broiler business and the break-even point of broiler business in OKU Regency, then to analyze the break-even point of broiler business, it was analyzed using BEP analysis. The results showed that The average income of broiler farming in OKU Regency is Rp. 57.167.110/year.  Break Even Point (BEP) in broiler chicken business production is 38,641.97 heads/year, BEP price is IDR 18.683,33/kg in a year and BEP income is IDR 752.291/head/year.
FAMILY FRIENDLY ICU QUALITY ORIENTED WITH EMIL MODEL: STUDY AT RSUP DR. M. DJAMIL PADANG
Authors: Emilzon Taslim  , Afrizal  , Tinni Trihartini Maskoen  , Yusirwan Yusuf  , Almh. Ike Sri Redjeki
Published: October 2022

This study aims to determine the culturally competent family-friendly ICU model on ICU service satisfaction. This research was conducted in April-December 2021 at Dr. RSUP. M. Djamil Padang. The research design used Quantitative Research Methods. The results showed that there was a relationship between satisfaction with information and satisfaction with service quality (p = 0.001), there was a relationship between satisfaction with comfort and satisfaction with service quality (p = 0.002) and there was a relationship between satisfaction with spiritual needs with satisfaction with service quality (p= 0.001). The researcher concludes that information, comfort and spiritual needs greatly affect the quality of service in the ICU Dr. M. Djamil Padang
ANISA'S CONFLICT IN THE NOVEL OF WOMEN WITH THE SORBAN BY ABIDAH EL KHALIEQY
Authors: Rahmi Bin Musaad  , Inriati Lewa  , Mardi Adi Armin
Published: October 2022

This study aims to reveal the inner conflict experienced by the main character Anisa in the novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban by Abidah El Khalieqy. This is expressed through the form of Anis' character's inner conflict which is depicted in the novel Perempuan Berkalung Turban by Abidah El Khalieqy. This research was conducted by utilizing the theory of literary psychology. This research is qualitative with the direct involvement of researchers in the entire research process starting from problem determination, literature review, data collection and processing, analysis process, and arriving at research conclusions. The results showed that there was a picture of the inner conflict experienced by the main character Anisa, whether carried out by the father, mother or husband as the head of the family and the local community. The forms of verbal violence and physical violence experienced made the psychology of Anisa's character shaken and experienced inner conflict.
MANDARIN INTERFERENCE IN INDONESIAN LANGUAGE OF CHINESE COMMUNITY IN MAKASSAR CITY
Authors: Fathul Khair Tabri  , Lukman  , Ikhwan M. Said
Published: October 2022

Interference is a language phenomenon that often occurs in Indonesian Languagelingual societies. This study reveals the Mandarin language interference that occurs in Indonesian speech in the Chinese community of Makassar City. This study concerns the main problem, namely how the form of interference that occurs in the Chinese community of Makassar City. The analyzed interference includes phonological, morphological, and syntactic interference. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection was done by direct observation, interviews, notes, and documentation. The presentation of the data results is done by collecting data, reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study found that the phonological interference includes the addition of phonemes, changes in phonemes, and the release of phonemes. Likewise, there are two forms of morphological interference, namely lexical interference and reduplication. And syntactic interference occurs in the SKPO sentence structure pattern, the SKP sentence structure pattern (adverb of place), the SKP sentence structure pattern (adverb of time), and the question sentence pattern.
POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN STUDENT`S LANGUAGE OF AS`ADIYAH ERENG ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL, BANTAENG DISTRICT
Authors: Anwar  , Ikhwan M. Said  , Gusnawaty
Published: October 2022

Language has the important role in the process of communication in the community.  Language politeness is the most appropriate thing to use in communication, because with polite language a person is able to maintain the value and dignity of himself and others. The use of polite language needs to be improved, especially among students who are in the public spotlight that students when interacting prioritize language politeness. In interaction and communication, politeness is one of the important aspects to be raised. Politeness aims to create good relationships and communication in social interaction between speakers and addressees. Both are intended to generate respect for oneself and others, so that the level of politeness will affect the values ​​and perspectives of others towards him. In addition, people will further strengthen the relationship between two. Islamic boarding school is a multilingual society. The diversity of language used by the students is clearly visible when communicating orally. This diversity occurs due to differences in the background of each student. Therefore, researchers are interested in conducting research in Islamic boarding schools. This research is entitled "Politeness Strategies in Students Language Of As`adiyah Ereng Islamic Boarding School, Bantaeng Regency".

This study aims to describe forms of language politeness strategy for elevent graders in interaction in surroundings of As`adiyah ereng Islamic boarding school Bantaeng Regency in forman situation and nonformal situation using the perspective or theory of Brown Levinson (1987). This type of research is a type of qualitative research with a descriptive design. The technique used in collecting data in this study was carried out with observation techniques, recording techniques, and note-taking techniques. Data analysis through interpretation.

The results of this study indicate that there are (7) bald on-record strategies, (12) positive politeness strategies, (4) negative politeness strategies, (1) off-record strategies, in this study there are also (3) silent strategies, the conclusion of this research is bald on-record as a politeness strategy most often used by students in both formal and non-formal situations. As a suggestion based on this research, it is expected that students pay attention to politeness in language so that they reflect polite language. For further researchers, this thesis can be used as an additional reference for further research.