bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estrous cycle dependent expression of oxycodone conditioned reward in rats
Authors: Babb Jessica A. , Constantino Nicholas J. , Kaplan Gary B. , Chartoff Elena H.
Published: August 2023

Oxycodone is one of the most widely prescribed and misused opioid painkillers in the United States. Evidence suggests that biological sex and hormonal status can impact drug reward in humans and rodents, but the extent to which these factors can influence the rewarding effects of oxycodone is unclear. The purpose of this study was to utilize place conditioning to determine the effects of sex and female hormonal status on the expression of oxycodone conditioned reward in rats. Gonadally intact adult Sprague-Dawley male and female rats were used to test: (1) whether both sexes express conditioned reward to oxycodone at similar doses, (2) the impact of conditioning session length on oxycodone conditioned reward expression in both sexes, and (3) the influence of female estrous cycle stage on oxycodone conditioned reward expression. Both sexes expressed conditioned reward at the same doses of oxycodone. Increasing the length of conditioning sessions did not reveal an effect of sex and resulted in lower magnitude conditioned reward expression. Importantly however, female stage of estrous cycle significantly influenced oxycodone conditioned reward expression. These results suggest that female hormonal status can impact the rewarding effects of opioids and thus have important implications for prescription opioid treatment practices.
PDI augments kainic acid-induced seizure activity and neuronal death by inhibiting PP2A-GluA2-PICK1-mediated AMPA receptor internalization in the mouse hippocampus
Authors: Lee Duk-Shin , Kim Tae-Hyun , Park Hana , Kim Ji-Eun
Published: August 2023

Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a redox-active enzyme and also serves as a nitric oxide donor causingS-nitrosylation of cysteine residues in various proteins. Although PDI knockdown reducesα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor (AMPAR)-mediated neuronal activity, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. In the present study, we found that under physiological condition PDI knockdown increased CaMKII activity (phosphorylation) in the mouse hippocampus. However, PDI siRNA inhibited protein phosphatase (PP) 2A-mediated GluA2 S880 dephosphorylation by increasing PP2A oxidation, independent ofS-nitrosylation. PDI siRNA also enhanced glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1 (GluA1) S831 and GluA2 S880, but not GluA1 S845 and GluA2 Y869/Y873/Y876 phosphorylations, concomitant with the enhanced protein interacting with C kinase 1 (PICK1)-mediated AMPAR internalization. Furthermore, PDI knockdown attenuated seizure activity and neuronal damage in response to kainic acid (a non-desensitizing agonist of AMPAR). Therefore, these findings suggest that PDI may regulate surface AMPAR expression through PP2A-GluA2-PICK1 signaling pathway, and that PDI may be one of the therapeutic targets for epilepsy via AMPAR internalization without altering basal neurotransmission.
Impact of malaria on glutathione peroxidase levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kotepui Manas , Mahittikorn Aongart , Anabire Nsoh Godwin , Kotepui Kwuntida Uthaisar
Published: August 2023

The primary antioxidant, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), is hypothesized to contribute to the pathophysiology of malaria. This current study conducted a meta-analysis to examine variations in GPx blood levels in malaria patients. Seven electronic databases—ProQuest, Scopus, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, Ovid, and Google Scholar—were searched for relevant studies with no limitations to publication language or publication date. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools were used to appraise the risk of bias among the included studies critically. The meta-analysis was conducted by pooling the effect estimates and Hedges’s g using a random-effects model. Search results returned 1253 articles, of which 16 studies were used for syntheses. Results of the meta-analysis indicated that malaria patients had decreased blood levels of GPx compared to uninfected individuals (P < 0.01, Hedges’ g: − 4.06, 95% CI − 5.49–(− 2.63), I2: 99.07%, 1278 malaria patients/627 uninfected individuals, 15 studies). Subgroup analyses indicated that peripheral levels of GPx were significantly diminished in patients with P. falciparum malaria compared to uninfected controls (P < 0.01, Hedges’ g: − 3.06, 95% CI − 4.46–(− 1.65), I2: 98.39%, 9 studies) but not in patients with P. vivax malaria (P = 0.15, Hedges’ g: − 2.05, 95% CI − 4.83–0.74), I2: 98.64%, 2 studies) Overall, malaria is associated with declined levels of GPx, particularly in patients with P. falciparum malaria. The finding provides valuable insights that prompt the need to investigate the role of GPx depletion in malaria pathogenesis.
NADH and NADPH peroxidases as antioxidant defense mechanisms in intestinal sulfate-reducing bacteria
Authors: Kushkevych Ivan , Dordević Dani , Alberfkani Mohammad I. , Gajdács Márió , Ostorházi Eszter , Vítězová Monika , Rittmann Simon K.-M. R.
Published: August 2023

Animal and human feces typically include intestinal sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Hydrogen sulfide and acetate are the end products of their dissimilatory sulfate reduction and may create a synergistic effect. Here, we report NADH and NADPH peroxidase activities from intestinal SRB Desulfomicrobium orale and Desulfovibrio piger. We sought to compare enzymatic activities under the influence of various temperature and pH regimes, as well as to carry out kinetic analyses of enzymatic reaction rates, maximum amounts of the reaction product, reaction times, maximum rates of the enzyme reactions, and Michaelis constants in cell-free extracts of intestinal SRB, D. piger Vib-7, and D. orale Rod-9, collected from exponential and stationary growth phases. The optimal temperature (35 °C) and pH (7.0) for both enzyme’s activity were determined. The difference in trends of Michaelis constants (Km) during exponential and stationary phases are noticeable between D. piger Vib-7 and D. orale Rod-9; D. orale Rod-9 showed much higher Km (the exception is NADH peroxidase of D. piger Vib-7: 1.42 ± 0.11 mM) during the both monitored phases. Studies of the NADH and NADPH peroxidases—as putative antioxidant defense systems of intestinal SRB and detailed data on the kinetic properties of this enzyme, as expressed by the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide—could be important for clarifying evolutionary mechanisms of antioxidant defense systems, their etiological role in the process of dissimilatory sulfate reduction, and their possible role in the development of bowel diseases.
Photoinduced properties of anodized Ti alloys for biomaterial applications
Authors: Masahashi N. , Hatakeyama M. , Mori Y. , Kurishima H. , Inoue H. , Mokudai T. , Ohmura K. , Aizawa T. , Hanada S.
Published: August 2023

The photocatalytic properties of anodic oxides on a newly developed TiNbSn and commonly used Ti6Al4V alloys as biomaterials were investigated. The alloys were anodized in an electrolyte of sodium tartrate acid with H2O2at a high voltage and the mechanism of the photocatalytic and antiviral activities was studied. The anodized TiNbSn and Ti6Al4V exhibited highly crystallized rutile TiO2and poorly crystallized anatase TiO2, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed the presence of oxides of the alloying elements in addition to TiO2. The anodized TiNbSn exhibited higher activities than Ti6Al4V, and electron spin resonance spectra indicated that the number of hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH) generated from the anodized TiNbSn was higher than that from the anodized Ti6Al4V. The results can be explained by two possible mechanisms: the higher crystallinity of TiO2on TiNbSn than that on the Ti6Al4V reduces the number of charge recombination sites and generates abundant ⋅OH; charge separation in the anodic oxide on TiNbSn due to the electronic band structure between TiO2and the oxides of alloying elements enhances photo activities. The excellent photoinduced characteristics of the anodized TiNbSn are expected to contribute to the safe and reliable implant treatment.
Serum NT-proBNP level for predicting functional outcomes after acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Srisujikul Phattheera , Thiankhaw Kitti , Tanprawate Surat , Soontornpun Atiwat , Wantaneeyawong Chayasak , Teekaput Chutithep , Sirimaharaj Nopdanai , Nudsasarn Angkana
Published: August 2023

N-terminus pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) has been studied and recognized as a biomarker of cardiac thrombogenicity and stroke risk. However, the association between NT-proBNP and functional outcomes following acute ischemic stroke is still debated. This study aimed to investigate whether serum NT-proBNP level is associated with functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke individuals. This prospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke, and serum NT-proBNP levels were measured within 72 h. At 3 months, all patients were followed up for a modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of NT-proBNP on the primary outcome, in which a score of 3–6 was classified as an unfavorable functional outcome. Sixty-seven patients were enrolled in the study, and 23 (34.3%) patients were identified with an unfavorable functional outcome. Elevated serum NT-proBNP levels (> 100 pg/mL) were observed in 57 (85.1%) patients, and the Youden index demonstrated a cutpoint estimation of poor outcomes at 476 pg/mL with 74% sensitivity and 63% specificity. Multivariate regression analysis showed an elevation of NT-proBNP above the cutpoint level was an independent predictor for unfavorable functional outcomes, odds ratio 3.77, 95% confidence interval (1.04–13.62), P = 0.04. The present study demonstrated that elevated serum NT-proBNP levels were expected among acute ischemic stroke patients and represented the risk of unfavorable functional outcomes, suggesting that NT-proBNP might be a useful biomarker for predicting prognosis after ischemic stroke.
Assessment of novel antiviral filter using pseudo-type SARS-CoV-2 virus in fast air velocity vertical-type wind tunnel
Authors: Sung Johnny Chun-Chau , Wu Pak-Long , So Ellis Yung-Mau , Wu Kam-Chau , Chan Sidney Man-Ngai , Kwong Keith Wai-Yeung , Sze Eric Tung-Po
Published: August 2023

Current evidence suggests that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can remain suspended spread in aerosols for longer period of time under poorly ventilated indoor setting. To minimize spreading, application of antiviral filter to capture infectious aerosols and to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 can be a promising solution. This study aimed to develop a method to assess simultaneously the filtration and removal efficiency of aerosolized pseudo-type SARS-CoV-2 using a vertical-type wind tunnel with relatively high face velocity (1.3 m/s). Comparing with the untreated spunlace non-woven filter, the C-POLAR™ treated filter increased the filtration efficiency from 74.2 ± 11.5% to 97.2 ± 1.7%, with the removal efficiency of 99.4 ± 0.051%. The results provided not only solid evidence to support the effectiveness of the cationic polymeric coated filter in fighting against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, but also a method to test viral filtration and removal efficiency under relative fast air velocity and with a safer environment to the operators.
Periodic liquid crystalline waveguiding microstructures
Authors: Ertman Sławomir , Orzechowski Kamil , Rutkowska Katarzyna , Kołodyńska Oliwia , Różycka Julia , Ignaciuk Adam , Wasilewska Natalia , Osuch Tomasz , Woliński Tomasz R.
Published: August 2023

Different methods allowing for creating optical waveguides with liquid–crystal (LC) cores, in which molecules form periodic patterns with precisely controlled periods, are reported. The first one is based on reversible photoalignment with high-resolution selective illumination and allows to control the period of LC molecules inside silica microcapillaries. The second method employs microstructures formed in PDMS, allowing to obtain both: LC-core waveguides and a set of specially designed periodic microelectrodes used for the periodic reorientation of molecules. Using both methods, we successfully controlled the period of the patterned alignment in the range from about 500 µm and scaled it down to as small as 20 µm. We performed experimental studies on waveguiding phenomenon in such structures, in view to obtain transmission spectra typical to optical fiber gratings. Since the results achieved in experimental conditions differed from those expected, the additional numerical simulations were performed to explain the observed effects. Finally, we obtained the waveguiding in a blue phase LC, characterized by naturally created three-dimensional periodicity with periods smaller than one micrometer. In such a structure, we were able to observe first-order bandgap, and moreover, we were able to tune it thermally in nearly the whole visible spectral range.
Sex differences in airway volume and 3-dimensional shape in Japanese adults
Authors: Tanikawa Chihiro , Oka Ayaka , Shiraishi Yuki , Yamashiro Takashi
Published: August 2023

(1) To establish normative data for three-dimensional (3D) measurements of the upper airway in young Japanese adults, and (2) to investigate sex-related differences in linear and volumetric measurements, as well as shape. This study employed cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 56 Japanese young adults preselected from among 1000 patients, so that samples matched a historic 2D cephalometric cohort with normal occlusion using propensity score matching. Three-dimensional models of the oropharynx and hypopharynx were reconstructed from CBCT images and their volumes were calculated. We defined 20 landmarks on the surface of the 3D model and performed seven linear measurements between them. The mean and standard deviation of the linear measurements were calculated as the normative data for each sex as well as the volumes. Sex-related differences were analyzed using t-test (p < 0.05). Principal component discriminant analysis of the coordinate values of the landmarks was also performed to examine sex differences in shape. The normative ranges of the 3D measurements of the oropharynx and hypopharynx were determined according to sex. Sex-related differences in the measurement results were observed in hypopharyngeal length but not in volume. The hypopharynx length in males was significantly longer than that in females. The discriminant analysis showed that males tended to show longer and straight shapes, while females showed inversed triangular shapes from the frontal view. This result will allow clinicians to evaluate how patient airway characteristics differ from the normative 3D morphology of the upper airway.
A nationwide cohort study on incidence and mortality associated with extracranial vascular malformations
Authors: Ryu Jeong Yeop , Chang Yong June , Lee Joon Seok , Choi Kang Young , Yang Jung Dug , Lee Seok-Jong , Lee Jongmin , Huh Seung , Kim Ji Yoon , Chung Ho Yun
Published: August 2023

Extracranial vascular malformations are abnormal formations of blood vessels located outside the brain (extracranial) that develop during fetal development. They are caused by errors in the formation of blood vessels in the embryo and can affect various parts of the body, such as the head, neck, face, and other regions. Some malformations may be asymptomatic and only require monitoring, while others may cause significant health issues or cosmetic concerns and may need medical intervention. There are very few studies have investigated the nationwide incidence and quantitative mortality of vascular malformations in terms of their subtypes. Thus, this study aimed to determine the nationwide incidence and mortality associated with vascular malformations. This nationwide population-based study evaluated 70,517 patients with vascular malformations from 2008 to 2021. We evaluated the incidence and mortality associated with each subtype of vascular malformation. Furthermore, Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between vascular malformation and mortality. The annual incidence (per 100,000 population) of overall vascular, venous, capillary, arteriovenous, and lymphatic malformations was 9.85, 1.48, 2.31, 0.24, and 5.82 cases, respectively. Patients with vascular malformations, except those with venous malformations, had higher mortality than the matched controls. Moreover, among the vascular malformation subgroups, the adjusted hazard ratio of mortality was the highest for arteriovenous malformations. This study revealed that the overall annual incidence of vascular malformations was 9.85 cases per 100,000 population in Korea from 2008 to 2021. The mortality of the matched general population was lower than that of patients with vascular malformations, except for those with venous malformations. Additionally, the adjusted hazard ratio for mortality associated with arteriovenous malformations was the highest among the vascular malformation subgroups.
How Functionalization Affects the Detection Ability of Quantum Dots
Authors: Ramezani Zahra , Thompson Michael
Published: August 2023

Quantum dots (QDs) have outstanding optical, physiochemical, and chemical properties that make them an extraordinary alternative to fluorescent organic dyes. Recently, they have become excellent photoluminescent labels for detection and diagnosis in medical sciences; they are also used for the detection of target analytes in a variety of scientific fields, such as agricultural, food, and environmental sciences. These extensive applications are made possible by QDs’ high potential for surface state changes when coupled with macromolecules, such as antibodies, aptamers, proteins, lipids, and other small molecules. QDs can be functionalized by complicated or simple procedures depending on their type. The bioconjugation of carbon QDs (CQDs) is more facile due to the possibility of one-pot synthesis and functionalization with carboxylic and amine groups through the accurate selection of carbon precursors. Bioconjugation and functionalization protocols for semiconductor QDs (SQDs) are more complicated compared with those reported for carbon-based QDs and organic dyes. The functionalization of QDs affects their photoluminescence and chemical characteristics, size distribution, in vivo and in vitro detection abilities, and toxicity. Functionalized QDs may also act as antioxidants and scavenge reactive oxygen species. This chapter briefly reviews several functionalization methods and shows how QDs’ surface chemistry determines their target applications. Conjugated QDs’ applications in cell and tissue imaging, disease diagnosis and treatment, and biomedical sensing are discussed.
Quantum Dots in Viral and Bacterial Detection
Authors: Ramezani Z. , Thompson M.
Published: August 2023

Viruses and pathogenic bacteria spread rapidly through the population via air, contaminated water and food, body fluids, or close contact with infected individuals. They cause millions of deaths worldwide; a notable recent example is the COVID-19 pandemic. Medical considerations are different for viral and bacterial infections, and it is vital to distinguish them before starting any treatment plan, but viruses and bacteria alike require rapid detection and quantification methods. The early detection of viruses and bacteria can minimize human health issues associated with infections and reduce their environmental, social, and economic impacts. Quantum dots have recently attracted researchers’ attention as a type of fluorescent dye/tag and signal amplifier for biosensing applications due to their outstanding optical and physicochemical properties. Quantum dot-based biosensors have proven to be reliable and fast methods for detecting bacteria and viruses. They have mainly been utilized in optical and electrochemical biosensor design and pathogen imaging. Herein, we summarize recent developments in quantum dot-based biosensors for bacteria and viruses. The most commonly used transducers in current biosensor designs involve fluorescence microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and electrochemistry.
Label-free dual-mode sensing platform based on target-regulated CRISPR–Cas12a activity for ochratoxin A in Morinda officinalis
Authors: Xu Huifeng , Pan Rui , Huang Weihua , Zhu Xi
Published: August 2023

The sensing principle of the ECL sensor for OTA based on CRISPR–Cas12a.
Evaluations of the microstructures at the interface between the semipolar (101̄3) AlN epilayer and the m-plane (101̄0) sapphire substrate
Authors: Shen Xuqiang , Matsuhata Hirofumi , Kojima Kazutoshi
Published: August 2023

We investigate the microstructures at the interface between the semipolar (101̄3) AlN epilayer and the m-plane (101̄0) sapphire substrate using electron microscopy techniques.
On the 12C2H2 near-infrared spectrum: absolute transition frequencies and an improved spectroscopic network at the kHz accuracy level
Authors: Castrillo Antonio , Fasci Eugenio , Furtenbacher Tibor , D'Agostino Vittorio , Khan Muhammad A. , Gravina Stefania , Gianfrani Livio , Császár Attila G.
Published: August 2023

The absolute frequency of several C2H2 rovibrational transitions, carefully selected by the theory of spectroscopic network, has been measured with an accuracy of 15 kHz. Based on the MARVEL procedure, para- and ortho-energy levels were determined.
Photodissociation dynamics of tetrahydrofuran at 193 nm
Authors: Milešević Dennis , Stimson Joseph , Popat Divya , Robertson Patrick , Vallance Claire
Published: August 2023

Measuring the scattering distributions of the various products formed during the 193 nm photolysis of tetrahydrofuran offers new insights into the dynamics of the three major dissociation channels.
Locality in amino-acid based imidazolium ionic liquids
Authors: Dong Wenbo , Alizadeh Vahideh , Blasius Jan , Wylie Luke , Dick Leonard , Fan Zhijie , Kirchner Barbara
Published: August 2023

Several amino-acid based imidazolium ILs are investigated through the use of ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD), which includes full polarization.
Catalytic activity of γ-Al2O3(110) in the NO + H2 reaction: a DFT study
Authors: Cholach Alexander
Published: August 2023

A triplet of OII–AlIII–OII atoms provides the catalytic action of the surface of γ-Al2O3(110). The N-doped conductivity of Al32O47N oxynitrides, adsorbed states and intermediates suggests a relationship between the band gap and catalytic activity.
Mechanism research reveals the role of Fen (n = 2–5) supported C2N as single-cluster catalysts (SCCs) for the non-oxidative propane dehydrogenation in the optimization of catalytic performance
Authors: Zhang Yu , Chen Qin , Zhang Hui
Published: August 2023

Single cluster catalysts show excellent potential for propane dehydrogenation, compensating for the limited catalytic performance of single-atom catalysts in reactions involving multiple reaction steps and intermediates.
New potential energy surface and rotational deexcitation cross-sections of CNNC by para-H2 (jp = 0)
Authors: Ritika  , Dhilip Kumar T. J.
Published: August 2023

The objective of this study is to enhance our understanding of the existence of molecules in interstellar space by determining the collisional rate coefficients with the most prevalent species.
Mechanistic studies on catalytic alkane oxidation by Murahashi's O2/copper(ii)/aldehyde system
Authors: Yamaguchi Kohei , Uemura Yuya , Sugimoto Hideki , Ito Rin , Morimoto Yuma , Itoh Shinobu
Published: August 2023

Catalytic alkane hydroxylation by Murahashi's O2/copper(ii)/aldehyde system was revisited to obtain mechanistic details of the catalytic cycle including the reactive oxidant as well as the role of the copper catalyst.
A pair of ionic 1D Cu(ii) chain enantiomers simultaneously displaying large second- and third-harmonic generation responses
Authors: Du Xiaodi , Gao Congli , Zhang Zhiqiang , Su Bing , Li Xi-Li
Published: August 2023

We demonstrate that ionic CPs with noncentrosymmetric structures are good candidates for the simultaneous observation of high-performance SHG and THG responses.
Drug release and solubility properties of two zeolitic metal–organic frameworks influenced by their hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity
Authors: Dong Xiao-Hui , Li Zhi-Gang , Bian Dong-Yan , Guo Tian-Meng , Li Zi-Ying , Li Wei , He Hongpeng
Published: August 2023

In situ drug delivery systems rely on the hydrophilic nature of MAF-7 to improve drug-controlled release performance, while the hydrophobic nature of ZIF-8 can significantly enhance drug solubility in co-amorphous systems.
The inhibitory effects of platinum(ii) complexes on amyloid aggregation: a theoretical and experimental approach
Authors: La Manna Sara , Roviello Valentina , Monaco Vittoria , Platts James A. , Monti Maria , Gabano Elisabetta , Ravera Mauro , Marasco Daniela
Published: August 2023

A series of Pt(ii) complexes demonstrated inhibitors of amyloid aggregation of peptide models.
Assembly of (hetero)aryl thioethers via simple nucleophilic aromatic substitution and Cu-catalyzed coupling reactions with (hetero)aryl chlorides and bromides under mild conditions
Authors: Liu Weiqi , Jin Xinghao , Ma Dawei
Published: August 2023

Efficient formation of (hetero)aryl thioethers via a simple nucleophilic aromatic substitution or a Cu-catalyzed coupling reaction under mild conditions is achieved.
Photoinduced ligand-to-iron charge transfer enabled C(sp3)–H phosphorylation of hydrocarbons
Authors: Shi Wei , Zhong Ping-Fu , Qi Xu-Kuan , Yang Chao , Guo Lin , Xia Wujiong
Published: August 2023

An iron-catalyzed C(sp3)–H phosphorylation reaction enabled by a photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) process is herein reported.
Classic vs. C–H functionalization strategies in the synthesis of APIs: a sustainability comparison
Authors: Ferlin Francesco , Brufani Giulia , Rossini Gabriele , Vaccaro Luigi
Published: August 2023

This review present case studies analyzed in terms of waste production and environmental/safety hazard aiming at quantify whether the adoption of C–H functionalization technology is actually the most effective strategy compared to classic approaches.
Directional growth of nanotubes on micelles by soft-template electropolymerization with varying hydrophobicity and strong water adhesion
Authors: Diallo Diawo , Dramé Abdoulaye , Diouf Alioune , Sene Aboubacary , Guittard Frédéric , Darmanin Thierry
Published: August 2023

Inspired by the strong water adhesion found in gecko feet and rose petals, surfaces with nanotubes are prepared by soft-template electropolymerization.
3D nanorod-like Mn0.2Cd0.8S modified by amorphous NiCo2S4 was used for high efficiency photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Shang Yan , Xu Jing , Ma Yue , Li Zezhong , Li Qian
Published: August 2023

The Mn0.2Cd0.8S/NiCo2S4 was prepared using an electrostatic self-assembly method.
Sugar isoxazole based hydrogelators and their applications as reusable hydrogels for dye removal
Authors: Aryal Pramod , Adhikari Surya B. , Duffney Anna , Wang Guijun
Published: August 2023

A series of eleven new glucosamine isoxazole derivatives were synthesized and analyzed for their self-assembling properties.
Capsules with responsive polymeric shells for applications beyond drug delivery
Authors: Wang Yifei , Starvaggi Nicholas , Pentzer Emily
Published: August 2023

This minireview addresses responsive polymer capsules and their applications beyond drug delivery, focusing on structure–property relationships.
Emulsions synergistic-stabilized by a hydroxyl sulfobetaine surfactant and SiO2 nanoparticles and their potential application for enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Ren Zhangkun , Fu Lipei , Chen Wenzheng , Qiu Xinxin , Chen Lifeng , Liao Kaili , Wei Meng , Shao Minglu
Published: August 2023

The emulsion synergistic-stabilized by LHSB and SiO2 nanoparticles through electrostatic repulsion has excellent stability under high temperature and salinity conditions.
Combined ICP-OES and XPS analysis to evaluate the [AlO4]0 concentration in quartz: limiting the formation temperature of quartz
Authors: Shen Mengmeng , Huang Mulin , Lu Zhiyun , He Xuemei
Published: August 2023

The formation temperature of quartz (TQ/°C) are calculated by TQ (°C) = 3.6 × CAl total (ppm) × k + 33.0.
The value of in situ/operando Raman spectroscopy in all-solid-state Li batteries
Authors: Zhang Runze , Wu Yinglei , Chen Zhenying , Wang Yu , Zhu Jinhui , Zhuang Xiaodong
Published: August 2023

The review focuses on the use of in situ/operando Raman spectroscopy to explore electrodes, solid electrolytes, and electrode–solid electrolyte interfaces in all-solid-state Li batteries.
Chip-scale short-wavelength infrared InGaAs microspectrometer based on a linear variable optical filter
Authors: Jeon Jiyeon , Park Suho , Kim Yeongho , Nguyen Phuc Dinh , Chun Byong Sun , Lee Sang Jun
Published: August 2023

An extended short-wavelength infrared microspectrometer by monolithic integrarion of a 256 × 1 InGaAs linear array detector with a wedge-shaped Si/SiO2 Fabry-Perot linear variable optical filter.
Stretchable conductive hydrogels integrated with microelectronic devices for strain sensing
Authors: Zhang Xuanshuo , Zhang Jingfei , Liao Wangwen , Zhang Dehui , Dai Yongqiang , Wu Chen , Wen Jinxiu , Zeng Wei
Published: August 2023

Conductive hydrogels have great potential for application in the field of flexible wearable devices due to their excellent stretchability and biocompatibility.
Stable spontaneous orientation polarization by widening the optical band gap with 1,3,5,7-tetrakis(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)adamantane
Authors: Wang Wei-Chih , Nakano Kyohei , Tanaka Yuya , Kurihara Keisuke , Ishii Hisao , Adachi Kiyohiro , Hashizume Daisuke , Hsu Chain-Shu , Tajima Keisuke
Published: August 2023

1,3,5,7-Tetrakis(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)adamantane exhibits large and stable surface orientation polarization in vacuum-deposited films due to the subtle orientation selectivity of the molecule and the non-conjugated adamantane core.
Implementing Strengths-Based Dialogue to Reframe Clinical Education and Community Engagement
Authors: Mills Monique T. , Balz Magdalen , Price Daniel
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

Health care professionals want to solve problems. When health disparities are observed, the solution often rests on expanding access to clinical services. However, what are the varied paths that persons with communication disorders might take to access speech, language, and hearing care? Where are these paths successful and where does a well-intended initiative have an absent or limited effect in altering disparities? Multiple, complex factors affect access to health care in underserved communities. However, current practice tends to frame the goals and metrics of outreach programs in terms of access to health care services, which risks privileging the perspective of the providers who want to increase the volume of services accessed over the voices of the community members for whom access to health care is only part of the larger course of their lives. Solutions that do not reflect those community strengths outside the service provision framework likely yield minimal impact on quality of life, since the community members are less likely to fully embrace the solution.

Method:

In this clinical focus, we describe a community-informed strengths-based framework for clinicians and clinical researchers whose work is designed to reach underserved communities by employing mutual trust, empathy, active listening, and patient-centered care planning. Through case scenarios, we exemplify key tenets of the framework.

Conclusions:

The community-informed strengths-based framework detailed in this clinical focus supports a paradigm shift from a biomedically-informed strengths-based framework to a model of health care service provision that focuses on individual or community strengths. Eliciting guidance from those receiving care and framing the totality of encounters in terms of the process of responding to community strengths can build a collaborative and sustainable path forward toward achieving health goals.
An efficient integrated model for diesel‐engine three stage brushless synchronous generator
Authors: Ahmadi Alireza , Shahnazari Mostafa , Vaziri Sarashk Mohammad Ebrahim
Published: August 2023

Brushless power generation sets are a technology of choice for on‐board power generation in aerospace and marine applications, emergency and backup power systems, etc. Efficient modelling of these systems is necessary for various purposes such as design, analysis, control and specially condition monitoring. An accurate and efficient model of a diesel‐engine generator‐rectifier system consisting of a three stage brushless synchronous generator is presented. The constant parameter voltage‐behind‐reactance model of the pilot exciter (PE), main exciter (ME) and main generator are derived and integrated to form a unified model suitable for efficient simulation of a diesel‐engine brushless generation system. Simulation studies are carried out in MATLAB using PLECS toolbox and the results are compared to experimental results to verify the performance of the proposed integrated model.
Behaviour and mechanisms of molecular vibrations induced by a pulsed voltage in a silicone elastomer used for device encapsulation
Authors: Wei Junyu , He Dongxin , Gao Teng , Zhu Lin , Wang Haochen , Li Qingquan , Teyssedre Gilbert
Published: August 2023

Silicone elastomers are widely used to encapsulate power electronic devices. However, such devices may be subjected to square‐wave pulsed voltages with a high rate of change, which can create significant challenges for encapsulation insulation. In this article, the molecular vibration of silicon elastomer at the edge of pulsed electric field is studied. Firstly, the relationship between the intensity of molecular vibration and the parameters of pulsed electric field is explored. The experimental results show that the amplitude of the vibrations decreases as the pulse‐edge time increases, and it increases linearly as the pulse‐edge slope increases. Furthermore, the amplitude of the vibrations is proportional to the square of the amplitude of the pulsed electric field, and it increases as the space charge density increases. Then, the force analysis of charged molecule at the pulse edges is calculated, and the theoretical change law of molecular vibration intensity with pulse edge slope is deduced. Comparing the theoretical results with the experimental results, it is found that they are highly consistent. Finally, electrically induced mechanical stress caused by molecular vibration was shown to be an important factor in insulation failure.
KH550‐SiO2/polyimide insulating paper preparation and characterisation
Authors: Chi Minghe , Sun Xue , Zhang Xiaorui , Shi Jiahao , Weng Ling , Yu Yang
Published: August 2023

Oil‐paper insulation material is an essential component for oil‐filled transformers, and polyimide (PI) insulation paper is a novel material in the field of electricity. The improvement of insulation class for insulation paper has gained significant attention in recent years. In this study, SiO2 nanoparticles were modified with a silane coupling agent (KH550), and the KH550‐SiO2 was added to the fibre membrane through in situ polymerisation. The chemical composition and microcosmic characteristics of the PI porous fibre membrane were characterised using FT‐IR and SEM FT‐IR and SEM. Consequently, the dielectric constant of the composite paper was reduced to 2.3 upon adding 3 wt% of KH550‐SiO2, and the dielectric strength reached its maximum value of 85 kV/mm. The results demonstrate that the insulation performance of the KH550‐SiO2/PI composite was significantly improved due to the incorporation of nano‐SiO2. This establishes an efficient approach for achieving excellent electrical and thermal properties in practical applications using the KH550‐SiO2/PI fibre membrane.
Market‐clearing framework of a resilient microgrid with renewable energy considering emission reduction targets
Authors: Fu Xueqian , Guo Chen , Yang Kaitao
Published: August 2023

With the gradual attention of global climate change, a series of carbon emission plans have been formally implemented in the field of energy. There is a consistent relationship between the carbon market and the electricity market in promoting clean energy development and improving carbon dioxide emission reduction targets. The market design of a low‐carbon power system should be considered as a whole to promote the coordinated development of carbon and power markets. Taking an industrial park in China as the research object, an internal market trading model of an industrial park considering carbon dioxide emission reduction targets is proposed. The proposed trading mechanism considers both carbon dioxide emission reduction targets and social welfare maximization. The proposed market trading model connects day‐ahead and intraday electricity markets, which deal with uncertainty about renewable energy sources.
Automatic defect identification of PV panels with IR images through unmanned aircraft
Authors: Tang Cheng , Ren Hui , Xia Jing , Wang Fei , Lu Jinling
Published: August 2023

In order to improve the reliability and performance of photovoltaic systems, a fault diagnosis method for photovoltaic modules based on infrared images and improved MobileNet‐V3 is proposed. Firstly, the defect images of open‐source photovoltaic modules and their existing problems are analysed; based on the existing problems, image enhancement and data enhancement are performed on the infrared defect images of photovoltaic modules, so that the infrared images meet the requirements of image availability and sample quantity. Finally, the basic MobileNet‐V3 network is improved to realize fault classification of photovoltaic modules. The experimental results show that, compared with the traditional CNN and the basic MobileNet V3, the proposed fault classification method not only has high accuracy and fast diagnosis speed, but also has a high recognition rate for various fault categories, which has good practicability and application value.
Effects of accretion on the structure and rotation of forming stars
Authors: Amard L. , Matt S. P.
Published: August 2023

Context. Rotation period measurements of low-mass stars show that the spin distributions in young clusters do not exhibit the spin-up expected due to contraction in the phase when a large fraction of stars is still surrounded by accretion discs. Many physical models have been developed to explain this feature based on different types of star-disc interactions alone. In this phase, the stars accrete mass and angular momentum and may experience accretion-enhanced magnetised winds. The stellar structure and angular momentum content thus strongly depend on the properties of the accretion mechanism. At the same time, the accretion of mass and energy has a significant impact on the evolution of the stellar structure and the moment of inertia. Our understanding of the spin rates of young stars therefore requires a description of how accretion affects the stellar structure and angular momentum simultaneously.

Aims. We aim to understand the role of accretion to explain the observed rotation-rate distributions of forming stars.

Methods. We computed evolution models of accreting very young stars and determined in a self-consistent way the effect of accretion on stellar structure and the angular momentum exchanges between the stars and their disc. We then varied the deuterium content, the accretion history, the entropy content of the accreted material, and the magnetic field as well as the efficiency of the accretion-enhanced winds.

Results. The models are driven alternatively both by the evolution of the momentum of inertia and by the star-disc interaction torques. Of all the parameters we tested, the magnetic field strength, the accretion history, and the deuterium content have the largest impact. The injection of heat plays a major role only early in the evolution.

Conclusions. This work demonstrates the importance of the moment of inertia evolution under the influence of accretion for explaining the constant rotation-rate distributions that are observed during the star-disc interactions. When we account for rotation, the models computed with the recently calculated torque along with a consistent structural evolution of the accreting star are able to explain the almost constant spin evolution for the whole range of parameters we investigated, but it only reproduces a narrow range around the median of the observed spin rate distributions. Further development, including for example more realistic accretion histories based on dedicated disc simulations, are likely needed to reproduce the extremes of the spin rate distributions.
Star-disk interactions in the strongly accreting T Tauri star S CrA N
Authors: Nowacki H. , Alecian E. , Perraut K. , Zaire B. , Folsom C. P. , Pouilly K. , Bouvier J. , Manick R. , Pantolmos G. , Sousa A. P. , Dougados C. , Hussain G. A. J , Alencar S. H. P. , Le Bouquin J. B.
Published: August 2023

Context. Classical T Tauri stars are thought to accrete material from their surrounding protoplanetary disks through funnel flows along their magnetic field lines. The classical T Tauri stars with high accretion rates (∼10−7 M⊙ yr−1) are ideal targets for testing this magnetospheric accretion scenario in a sustained regime.

Aims. We constrained the accretion-ejection phenomena around the strongly accreting northern component of the S CrA young binary system (S CrA N) by deriving its magnetic field topology and its magnetospheric properties, and by detecting ejection signatures, if any.

Methods. We led a two-week observing campaign on S CrA N with the ESPaDOnS optical spectropolarimeter at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. We recorded 12 Stokes I and V spectra over 14 nights. We computed the corresponding least-squares deconvolution (LSD) profiles of the photospheric lines and performed Zeeman-Doppler imaging (ZDI). We analyzed the kinematics of noticeable emission lines, namely He I λ5876 and the first four lines of the Balmer series, which are known to trace the accretion process.

Results. We found that S CrA N is a low-mass (0.8 M⊙) young (∼1 Myr) and fully convective object exhibiting strong and variable veiling (with a mean value of 7 ± 2), which suggests that the star is in a strong accretion regime. These findings could indicate a stellar evolutionary stage between Class I and Class II for S CrA N. We reconstructed an axisymmetric large-scale magnetic field (∼70% of the total energy) that is primarily located in the dipolar component, but has significant higher poloidal orders. From the narrow emission component radial velocity curve of He I λ5876, we derived a stellar rotation period of P* = 7.3 ± 0.2 days. We found a magnetic truncation radius of ∼2 R* which is significantly closer to the star than the corotation radius of ∼6 R*, suggesting that S CrA N is in an unstable accretion regime. That the truncation radius is quite smaller than the size of the Brγ line emitting region, as measured with the GRAVITY interferometer (∼8 R*), supports the presence of outflows, which is nicely corroborated by the line profiles presented in this work.

Conclusions. The findings from spectropolarimetry are complementary to those provided by optical long-baseline interferometry, allowing us to construct a coherent view of the innermost regions of a young, strongly accreting star. The strong and complex magnetic field reconstructed for S CrA N is inconsistent with the observed magnetic signatures of the emission lines associated with the postshock region, however. We recommend a multitechnique synchronized campaign of several days to place more constrains on a system that varies on a timescale of about one day.
Design of the experiments for the selection of potential electrocatalysts for both AEM Electrolyzers and Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Niyati Ataollah , Moranda Arianna , Navarra Federico , Riva Andrea , Campione Manuele , Schiappelli Giorgio , Paladino Ombretta
Published: August 2023

Both hydrogen production by anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) and energy storage by redox flow batteries (RFB) are promising technologies for dealing with the intermittency of green electricity generation. We investigated on the possibility of using the same electrocatalyst in both the systems in order to reduce production costs if industrial scale electrochemical devices are to be constructed. In this work we selected spinel-based nanostructures as promising catalysts for both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in AEMWE and positive electrode improvement in Vanadium RFB, and design a complete experimental campaign to choose the best material.
Modelling and simulation of a thermal storage system based on phase change materials integrated in a tertiary building
Authors: Pérez Cammañ Milen , Andrés Chicote Manuel , Bujedo Nieto Luis A. , Lozano Gabarre Ismael , Samaniego Muñoz Jesús , Del Castillo García Juan C.
Published: August 2023

Decarbonization of the building sector is one of the key challenges to achieve the ambitious goal of carbon neutrality by 2050, established in the European Green Deal. In this sense, current trends focus on the promotion of onsite renewable energy sources, as well as on the electrification of heating and cooling demands and sector coupling approaches through Power-to-heat strategies. This minimizes energy transportation losses while creating an increased need for storage systems. In this scenario, Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems gain importance and provide the required flexibility, although the experience with high storage periods and volumes, fast response capacity, easy integration into building facilities and cost-effective and environmentally friendly solutions is still scarce. This paper focuses on a TRNSYS (Transient System Simulation Program) modelling and simulation analysis of different integration strategies of a TES system based on Phase Change Materials (PCM) into a real-scale tertiary building. The target building (CARTIF III) is located in Valladolid, Spain, within a Mediterranean climatic area, and incorporates different energy systems including a local photovoltaic (PV) field and a geothermal heat pump (HP). The combination of the PCM storage with the PV and the geothermal HP is studied for the cooling season (in summer) aiming at maximizing the overall system energy efficiency and minimizing the energy import from the grid, thus pursuing a Smart Island concept. Results from this study will feed the solution design for the actual integration project that will be addressed within the framework of a upcoming EU research project.