bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O direito à saúde de pessoas trans* no Distrito Federal: entre o direito de existir e o direito à equidade
Authors: Oliveira Barbara de Paula , Da Silva Marco Aurélio Santana , De Souza Maria Socorro
Published: May 2019

to understand how the social movements trans* of Federal District, Brazil understand the right to health. Method: This was a qualitative research carried out with leaders of social movements trans* of Federal District, Brazil, in which semi-structured interviews were conducted and the data were analyzed through the technique of content analysis and grouped into thematic units. Results: it was possible to understand that trans* social movements include the right to health as the right to exist and the right to equity. In addition, they also understand that the implementation of the trans* ambulatory in Federal District, Brazil, is an achievement of the right to health. Conclusion: trans* people are seeking to be recognized as subjects of right, both to health and to the most basic human right, the right to exist.
Conflitos de interesses e autonomia na relação entre adolescente grávida e o responsável legal: a antecipação terapêutica na gestação de feto anencefálico
Authors: Lima Meiriany , Montagner Miguel Ângelo
Published: May 2019

Objective: highlight the normative conflict about the capacity of pregnant adolescent anencephalic fetus and the lack of respect for their autonomous capacity in decision making. Methodology: documentary analysis with bibliographical and legislative revision. The population studied belongs to the age range between 12 years and 17 years, since it is defined in the Brazilian Civil Code respectively as: phases of absolute incapacity and partial capacity for acts of civil life. Results: need to construct proposals for action that guarantee the adolescentes their autonomous capacity on the exercise of their right to privacy and health.
NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS SYSTEM IN RUSSIA – AN EPISTEMOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Muravyeva A. A. , Oleynikova O. N. , Aksenova N. M. , Dorozhkin E. M.
Published: May 2019

Introduction. The article offers an insight into an epistemological perspective of establishing the national qualifications system in Russia that is critical for creating a “market of qualifications in the country that would be adequate to the current context.The aim of the research was to examine the context and factors underpinning the formation and evolution of the structure of knowledge relating to the national qualification system in Russia.Methodology and research methods. The methods applied comprise a mixed-method approach that included: review and analysis of official documents, semi-structured background and individual interviews with key stakeholders (line ministries, experts from industry and qualifications awarding bodies etc.) and desk research.Results and scientific novelty. The performed analysis of documents and of research data has revealed that the process of generating and enhancing knowledge about the national qualifications system semantically and methodologically is in broad terms contingent on the needs and objectives of social and economic development, and in narrower terms – on the development of occupational standards that underpin the standards of vocational and higher education, as well as on the enhanced institutionalisation of employers’ involvement in the training of personnel and in the search of effective mechanisms and instruments of independent assessment of qualifications.It also offers an insight into current key paradigmatic gaps in the NQF-related epistemology in Russia that account for the specificity of the observed state of play and for the key conceptual epistemological contradiction that has been identified by the authors as the opposition of and conflict between occupational and education qualifications. The authors propose ways out of the situation based on international practices in this area starting from aligning the terminology and conceptual approaches with international ones. 

The performed epistemological research and the conclusions made by the authors contribute to the national qualifications system discourse. It is stressed that core principles underpinning the development of the national qualifications system should be adapted to the social and economic and local factors.Practical significance. The material of the article can be used by policy-makers dealing with the NQS development and implementation of the NQS.
Aplicación de seis sigmas integradas con AMEF y QFD en el proceso de fabricación y distribución de muebles
Authors: Anaya Barbosa Alfonso de Jesús , Burgos Rangel Carolina Isabel
Published: May 2019

La siguiente investigación se realizó en una empresa cuya actividad principal es la fabricación y comercialización de muebles, con el objetivo de identificar acciones que mitiguen las no conformidades o quejas y reclamos por parte de los clientes, para este análisis se implementó  la metodología de seis sigmas integradas con herramientas de gestión de la calidad tales como QFD, AMEF,  diagrama de Pareto y la métrica diagrama de flujo de procesos.  Para identificar las causas principales de reclamos. Este estudio permitió identificar cuatro etapas críticas en el proceso que afectan en mayor dimensión la calidad de los productos, primero la calidad dentro del proceso productivo, calidad de insumos, servicio posterior a la entrega y logística y transporte.
Eficacia del ordeño del cordón umbilical comparado con el pinzamiento temprano para prevenir la anemia en recién nacidos prematuros
Authors: Carrillo Arteaga Henry Sergio , Ureña Martínez Sandy , Isidoro Jiménez Genaro , Villasana Carrillo Nancy Leticia
Published: May 2019

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la eficacia del ordeño del cordón umbilical comparado con el pinzamiento temprano para prevenir la anemia en niños prematuros.MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Ensayo clínico abierto, con asignación al azar a uno de dos grupos: pinzamiento temprano y ordeño de cordón umbilical. Parámetros de estudio: evaluación de la hemoglobina basal, requerimiento y cantidad de transfusiones, volumen sanguíneo total transfundido y frecuencia de reacciones adversas. Para la comparación de variables continuas se utilizó t de Student, U de Mann Whitney para variables no paramétricas y c2 para variables categóricas, además del análisis multivariado corregido para trasfusión ajustada al peso al nacer, comorbilidades, hemoglobina basal y tipo de procedimiento. Se consideró significativa la p < 0.05.RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 91 pacientes, 46 (50.5%) en el grupo con ordeño y 45 (49.5%) en el grupo con pinzamiento temprano. La hemoglobina a las 24 horas de vida en el grupo con ordeño fue significativamente mayor: 17.08 ± 2 g/dL vs 14.74 ± 1,78 g/dL; p = 0.001. La frecuencia de anemia: 22 (47.8%) vs 33 (73.3%); p = 0.001, el requerimiento de transfusión:19 (41.3%) vs 31 (68.8%); p = 0.002, y el volumen medio transfundido: 18.2 ± 33.6 mL vs 35.3 ± 45 L; p = 0.04 fueron significativamente menores en el grupo con ordeño al compararlo con el pinzamiento temprano. No hubo diferencias en policitemia (p = 0.57); hiperbilirrubinemia (p = 0.81) y estancia hospitalaria (p = 0.21). La concentración de hemoglobina basal, el peso menor de 1000 gramos, la edad gestacional menor de 30 semanas y el pinzamiento temprano se relacionaron directamente con la necesidad de transfusión.CONCLUSIONES: El ordeño del cordón umbilical es un procedimiento efectivo y seguro para prevenir la anemia en los recién nacidos prematuros.
Onicocriptosis en niños
Authors: Palacios López Carolina , Fernández de Lara Andrea
Published: May 2019

La palabra onicocriptosis significa: Onyx: uña kryptos: escondida. Es la incrustación de la uña en los tejidos blandos adyacentes por el continuo traumatismo en su crecimiento que origina inflamación e infección bacteriana secundaria con formación de tejido de granulación.1,2 Es más frecuente en adolescentes y, en pocas ocasiones, se consulta al médico, porque se piensa que su tratamiento es del terreno del podólogo.
Navegando entre discursos. Experiencia y subjetividad de mujeres embarazadas y en trabajo de parto frente a la maternidad, la biomedicina y el parto fisiológico
Authors: Márquez Murrieta Alicia
Published: May 2019

El artículo busca explorar las voces de las mujeres embarazadas que se enfrentan a discursos expertos: el médico y el del psicoprofiláctico y las maneras que tienen para navegar entre ellos. A través de entrevistas, y de una aproximación cualitativa, interesa aprehender su experiencia y su relación con la subjetividad ante la práctica de la cesárea y los modos como la narran. Se observa cómo, al tratarse del embarazo y del parto, las mujeres se enfrentan a discursos normativos (ellos mismos en tensión y disputa) acerca de la maternidad, de la “buena manera” de traer niños al mundo, con quién y dónde hacerlo. También, emergen ideas acerca del dolor y del riesgo. Esta primera aproximación, parece indicar que se trata de “experiencia formativas o transformativas” (Sánchez, 2003) y que fuera de casos en donde las mujeres tienen una convicción muy firme sobre querer partos “naturales” o cesáreas programadas, o ante alguna condición médica que obliga a realizar tal práctica, la mayoría de las mujeres (incluso sus parejas) viven las experiencias en tonos grises, con ambigüedades.
Dlaczego Andriej N. Kołmogorow zajął się humanistyką?
Authors: Urban Roman
Published: May 2019

Radziecki matematyk Andriej Nikołajewicz Kołmogorow (1903‒1987), autor ponad pół tysiąca prac naukowych, był jednym z najwybitniejszych matematyków XX wieku i w pewnym momencie być może nawet największym. W 1960 roku, Kołmogorow rozpoczął intensywne badania w dziedzinie językoznawstwa i teorii wiersza. Wydaje się, że niewielu polskich matematyków, którzy znają niektóre z rezultatów Kołmogorowa w tej czy innej dziedzinie matematyki, wie o jego pracach w dziedzinach nauk humanistycznych. Można podejrzewać, że wielu literaturoznawców i lingwistów również nie wie o istnieniu tych prac. Celem tego artykułu jest wyjaśnienie przyczyn, dla których Kołmogorow zajmował się humanistyką (historią, językoznawstwem, teorią wiersza).
Navegando entre la tradición normalista y la universitaria: la institucionalidad de la formación docente inicial en Uruguay (2005-2019)
Authors: Mancebo María Ester
Published: May 2019

Este artículo estudia la transformación institucional de la formación inicial de los docentes en Uruguay en el período 2005-2019, años en los que el gobierno nacional estuvo en manos del Frente Amplio, una coalición de centro-izquierda. Desde el punto de vista conceptual el estudio se apoyó en el Institucionalismo Histórico y su diseño metodológico fue descriptivo-explicativo, de carácter cualitativo y multifuente (fuentes documentales, estudios, antecedentes y entrevistas). El texto argumenta que en estos años el proceso de universitarización avanzó en tres dimensiones: el estatus jurídico, el ejercicio de la autonomía y el cogobierno, y el cumplimiento con las funciones universitarias clásicas. Sin perjuicio de ello, el avance resultó amortiguado por cuatro factores principales: la no sanción parlamentaria de la ley orgánica de la universidad de la educación, la llamada dependencia de la trayectoria histórica de las instituciones de formación inicial, la alteración en la ecuación de poder que significará la nueva institución en el sistema educativo en general y en el de educación superior en particular y, por último, el estilo incrementalista de diseño de políticas educativas que ha primado en los gobiernos del Frente Amplio. El artículo concluye que, para que el cambio institucional sea posible será necesario disminuir el efecto de estos cuatro factores identificados como freno y también construir capacidad de conducción en el marco de una gobernanza compleja como la que existe hoy en Formación Docente.
Kerangka Dasar dan Struktur Kurikulum Standar Pendidikan Nasional (Analisis Struktur Fungsi)
Authors: Zakaria Muh
Published: May 2019

Pendidikan unggul dan inovatif merupakan cita-cita yang diharapkan dalam pendidikan nasional. Tulisan ini mencoba memberikan analisis kritis untuk menjawab tantangan tersebut, misalnya dalam menjalankan prinsip pelaksanaan kurikum setiap satuan pendidikan menggunakan, antara lain: Pertama, kurikulum didasarkan pada potensi; Kedua, kurikulum dilaksanakan dengan menegakkan kelima pilar belajar. Ketiga, pelaksanaan kurikulum memberikan pelayanan yang bersifat perbaikan sesuai dengan potensi. Keempat, kurikulum dilaksanakan dalam suasana hubungan saling menerima dan menghargai. Kelima, kurikulum dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan pendekatan multistrategi dan multimedia.
Experimental and Theoretical Realization of Zenneck Wave-based Non-Radiative, Non-Coupled Wireless Power Transmission
Authors: Oruganti Sai Kiran , Malik Jagannath , Lee Jongwon , Park Woojin , Lee Bonyoung , Seo Seoktae , Paul Dipra , Kim Haksun , Thundat Thomas , Bien Franklin
Published: May 2019

A decade ago, non-radiative wireless power transmission reemerged a promising alternative to deliver electrical power to devices where a physical wiring proved to be unfeasible. However, conventional coupling-based approaches are neither scalable nor efficient when multiple devices are involved, as they are restricted by factors like coupling and external environments. Zenneck waves are excited at interfaces, like surface plasmons and have the potential to deliver electrical power to devices placed on a conducting surface. Here, we demonstrate, efficient and long range delivery of electrical power by exciting non-radiative waves over metal surfaces to multiple loads.Our modeling and simulation using Maxwells equation with proper boundary conditions shows Zenneck type behavior for the excited waves and are in excellent agreement with experimental results. In conclusion, we physically realize a radically different power transfer system, based on a wave, whose existence has been fiercely debated for over a century.
Phosphonic Analogues of Phenylglycine as Inhibitors of Aminopeptidases: Comparison of Porcine Aminopeptidase N, Bovine Leucine Aminopeptidase and Aminopeptidase from Barley Seeds
Authors: Wanat Weronika , Talma Michał , Pawełczak Małgorzata , Kafarski Paweł
Published: May 2019

Inhibitory activity of 14 phosphonic analogues of phenylglycine, substituted in aromatic ring by fluorine and chlorine, was determined towards porcine aminopeptidase N. The obtained data served as a basis for studying their interaction with the enzyme as modelled by the use of Schrödinger Release 2018 program. The observed linearity between modelled Gibbs free energy differences and inhibitory constants indicated the usefulness of this program. The obtained binding mode was compared with this modelled for bovine lens leucine aminopeptidase. Although both enzymes differ in the number of zinc ions present in the active site, they are considered to exhibit similar activity towards substrates and inhibitors. Our studies seem to support that  supposition since the modes of binding of the studied inhibitors are quite similar. Additionally, inhibitory activity of the phosphonic analogues of phenylglycine towards barley aminopetpidase was determined showing that this enzyme could be considered as neutral aminopeptidase.
Carvacrol Improves Erectile Dysfunction in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Gonçalves Tays , Maciel Priscilla , Villanueva Larissa , Santos Pablo , Oliveira Junior Ismael , Veras Robson , Gonçalves Islania , Medeiros Isac
Published: May 2019

Carvacrol is a monoterpene found in essential oils from various plants. Several pharmacological properties have already been described for carvacrol, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, vasorelaxant and hypotensive activities. The present study evaluated the effect of carvacrol on hypertensive rats with erectile dysfunction. Twelve-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were treated with vehicle, carvacrol (50 or 100 mg/kg/day) or sildenafil (1.5 mg/kg/day), intragastrically, for four weeks. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were used as the normotensive controls. All substances tested reduced systolic blood pressure during the treatment period. The intracavernosal pressure/mean arterial pressure ratio of the hypertensive rats was improved by carvacrol and sildenafil treatments. In isolated rat corpora cavernosa, the acetylcholine- and SNP-induced relaxation responses were significantly increased by carvacrol or sildenafil treatments. In SHR corpora cavernosa, treatment with carvacrol attenuated the hypercontractility induced by phenylephrine or electrical field stimulation. Phe-induced hypercontractility in the presence of tempol was not altered when compared to the response induced by carvacrol alone. In rat corpora cavernosa fluorescence intensity emitted by the DHE probe was significantly reduced in SHR treated (carvacrol or sildenafil) groups when compared to that emitted in the SHR-CTL. This study showed that carvacrol improves the erectile function of hypertensive rats and reduces endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle cell hypercontractility and superoxide anion generation.
Is Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Combined with a Specific Rehabilitation Program (rESWT + RP) More Effective than Sham-rESWT + RP for Acute Hamstring Muscle Complex Injury Type 3b in Athletes? Study Protocol for a Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Single Centre Trial
Authors: Crupnik Javier , Silveti Santiago , Wajnstein Natalia , Rolon Alejandro , Vollhardt Alisa , Stiller Peter , Schmitz Christoph
Published: May 2019

Background: Acute injuries of the hamstring muscle complex (HMC) Type 3b (interfascicle / bundle-tear) are frequently observed in various sports disciplines both in elite and recreational sport. The treatment of choice of acute HMC injuries Type 3b is a progressive physiotherapeutic exercise program. Besides this, there is currently only insufficient scientific evidence to support other treatment methods, including local infiltrations and injections of platelet-rich-plasma. Very recently it was demonstrated that extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) may accelerate regeneration after acute skeletal muscle injury. The aim of the present study is to test the hypothesis that the combination of radial ESWT (rESWT) and a specific rehabilitation program (RP) is effective and safe in treatment of acute HMC injury Type 3b in athletes, and is statistically significantly more effective than the combination of sham-rESWT and RP. Methods/Design: We will perform a double blind, randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial at the clinic KinEf Kinesiología Deportiva, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fourty patients with acute HMC injury Type 3b will be randomly allocated to receive either rESWT (nine rESWT sessions; three sessions per week; 2500 radial extracorporeal shock waves (rESWs) per session; energy density depending on what the patient tolerates) or sham-rESWT. In addition, all patients will receive a specific rehabilitation program that will last for eight weeks. The primary outcome measure will be the individual time (days) necessary to return to play. Secondary outcomes will include the presence or absence of reinjury during a time period of six months after inclusion into the study. Discussion: Because of the lack of adequate treatment options for acute HMC injury Type 3b in athletes and particularly the high reinjury rate, we hypothesize that the results of this trial will be of importance and have impact on clinical practice. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT03473899. Registered March 22, 2018.
Using RAxML-NG in Practice
Authors: Kozlov Alexey M. , Stamatakis Alexandros
Published: May 2019

RAxML-NG is a new phylogentic inference tool that replaces the widely-used RAxML and ExaMLtree inference codes. Compared to its predecessors, RAxML-NG offers improvements in accur-acy, flexibility, speed, scalability, and user-friendliness. In this chapter, we provide practicalrecommendations for the most common use cases of RAxML-NG: tree inference, branch supportestimation via non-parametric bootstrapping, and parameter optimization on a fixed tree topo-logy. We also describe best practices for achieving optimal performance with RAxML-NG, inparticular, with respect to parallel tree inferences on computer clusters and supercomputers. AsRAxML-NG is continuously updated, the most up-to-date version of the tutorial described inthis chapter is available online at: https://cme.h-its.org/exelixis/raxml-ng/tutorial .
SCAND1 Suppresses CDC37 Gene Transcription by Repressing MZF1
Authors: Eguchi Takanori , Prince Thomas L. , Tran Tien Manh , Sogawa Chiharu , Lang Benjamin J. , Calderwood Stuart K.
Published: May 2019

Cell division control 37 (CDC37) increases the stability of HSP90 client proteins and is thus essential for numerous intracellular oncogenic signaling pathways, playing a key role in prostate oncogenesis. Notably, elevated expression of CDC37 was found in prostate cancer cells, although the regulatory mechanisms through which CDC37 expression becomes increased are unknown. Here we show both positive and negative regulation of CDC37 gene transcription by two members of the SCAN transcription factor family- MZF1 and SCAND1, respectively. Consensus DNA-binding motifs for myeloid zinc finger 1 (MZF1 / ZSCAN6) were abundant in the CDC37 promoter region. MZF1 became bound to these regulatory sites and trans-activated the CDC37 gene whereas MZF1 depletion decreased CDC37 transcription and reduced tumorigenesis of prostate cancer cells. On the other hand, SCAND1, a zinc-fingerless SCAN box protein that potentially inhibits MZF1, accumulated at MZF1-binding sites in CDC37 gene, negatively regulated CDC37 gene and inhibited tumorigenesis. SCAND1 was abundantly expressed in normal prostate cells but was reduced in prostate cancer cells, suggesting a potential tumor suppressor role of SCAND1 in prostate cancer. These findings indicate that CDC37, a crucial protein in prostate cancer progression, is regulated reciprocally by MZF1 and SCAND1.
The Biotechnological Potential of Secondary Metabolites from Marine Bacteria
Authors: Andryukov Boris , Mikhailov Valery , Besednova Nataly
Published: May 2019

The highly dangerous trend of escalating bacterial resistance to modern antibiotics has evolved in recent decades, with increasingly more drug-resistant strains of pathogens emerging and spreading each year. This poses a threat to not only public health, but also to entire mankind. Marine bioresources, considered as a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics and a valuable source of biologically active compounds with high pharmacological potential, now attract increasing attention of researchers. Modern biotechnology combines the genetic engineering methods and the unusual biosynthetic pathways utilized by marine microorganisms to produce natural antibiotics. The goal of this review is to summarize the latest trends in searching for new natural antimicrobial agents based on secondary metabolites of marine bacteria. The targeted control of biosynthesis mechanisms using the metabolic engineering methods in order to create hybrid peptide synthetases or to obtain hybrid peptides by disrupting the target gene of nonribosomal synthesis becomes a noteworthy trend in modern biotechnology. This pathway is not only one of the most promising approaches to the development of new antibiotics, but also a potential target for controlling the exocrine activity of pathogenic bacteria and, consequently, their viability.
Global Health Perspectives on Cigarette Butts and the Environment
Authors: Stigler-Granados Paula , Fulton Lawrence , Nunez Patlan Evangelina , Teryzk Mischa , Novotny Thomas E.
Published: May 2019

Cigarette butts, also known as tobacco product waste (TPW), are the single most collected item in environmental trash cleanups worldwide. This study used an online survey tool (Qualtrics) to assess knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions about this issue among individuals representing the Framework Convention Alliance (FCA). The FCA has about 683 members on its listserv, including non-governmental tobacco control advocacy groups that support implementation of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). Respondents (n = 65) represented countries from all six WHO regions. The majority (82%) had heard the term TPW, and all considered TPW as an environmental harm at some level. Additionally, 29% of respondents failed to identify that “cigarette filters make smoking easier.” Most (73%) correctly identified TPW components; however, fewer (60%) correctly identified the composition of cigarette butts. The majority (57%) were unfamiliar with Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) and Product Stewardship (PS) as possible environmental intervention strategies. Respondents expressing opinions concurred that adding a litter fee to fund TPW programs will aid in reducing tobacco use and reduce the environmental impacts of TPW (100%); that prevention, reduction, and mitigation of TPW could be an important part of international tobacco control programs (98%); and that banning smoking in outdoor venues could reduce TPW (95%). Only 16% reported effective prevention or clean-up efforts in their countries. Weighted rankings revealed that respondents’ saw the national government, the tobacco industry, and state governments as most important in addressing TPW. The results of this research will inform continuing international discussions by the FCTC Conference of the Parties (COP) regarding environmental policies that may be addressed within FCTC obligations.
Seizing Opportunity at the Limits of Medicine: An Enhanced Definition of Innovative Practice
Authors: Mastroleo Ignacio , Holzer Felicitas
Published: May 2019

The activity of innovative practice relates to seizing opportunities now for patients in desperate situations and the ethical dilemmas around it. Sadly, the term innovation has multiple meanings, adding confusion and misunderstanding to an already difficult debate. This paper aims to enhance the definition of innovative practice in two ways. Fist, we propose to curb ambiguity by replacing the term "innovative practice" with the more precise of "new non-validated practice" and by distinguishing the specific meaning of innovation at stake. To identify this meaning, we analyse the traditional research ethics’ distinction between research, validated practice, and innovation. Second, we propose the following unified definition of "new non-validated practice", that is, the first or recent use of diagnostic, therapeutic or preventive interventions that introduce a significant change (new); with an insufficient level of evidence of safety or efficacy for regular healthcare (non-validated); and with the main aim to benefit patients (practice). To avoid objections to our definition, we analyse its three core elements (significant novelty, insufficient validation for, and patients' best interests) and we present a 2D classification of medical practice that follows from our definition. If sound, our enhanced definition of "new non-validated practice" allows comparing exceptional activities in different fields of medicine that previously have been considered unconnected (e.g. compassionate use of investigational drugs, humanitarian uses of devices, novel off-label uses, etc.).  In turn, it also provides a promising conceptual tool to inform empirical research, discuss responsible access to innovative care and evaluate the regulation of innovative practice (e.g. right-to-try laws).
The Green’s Type Matrices for Consumption Reduction in a Heterogeneous Population Model of TCLs with Diffusion
Authors: Hossain Md Musabbir , Zh. Khurshudyan Asatur
Published: May 2019

We consider a control problem for a diffusive PDE model of heterogeneous population of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) aiming to balance the aggregate power consumption within a given amount of time. Using the Green’s function approach, the problem is formulated as an approximate controllability problem for a residue depending on control parameters nonlinearly. A sufficient condition for approximate controllability is derived in terms of initial temperature distribution, operation time of TCLs and threshold value of the aggregate power consumption. Case studies allow to reveal the advantages of the proposed solution from numerical calculations point of view.
Derivations of the Core Functions of the Maximum Entropy Theory of Ecology
Authors: Brummer Alexander , Newman Erica
Published: May 2019

The Maximum Entropy Theory of Ecology, or METE, is a theoretical framework of macroecology that makes a variety of realistic ecological predictions about how species richness, abundance of species, metabolic rate distributions, and spatial aggregation of species interrelate in a given region. In the METE framework, "ecological state variables" (representing total area, total species richness, total abundance, and total metabolic energy) describe macroecological properties of an ecosystem. METE incorporates these state variables into constraints on underlying probability distributions. The method of Lagrange multipliers and maximization of information entropy (MaxEnt) lead to predicted functional forms of distributions of interest. We demonstrate how information entropy is maximized for the general case of a distribution, which has empirical information that provides constraints on the overall predictions. We then show how METE’s two core functions are derived. These
functions, called the "Spatial Structure Function" and the "Ecosystem Structure Function" are the core pieces of the theory, from which all the predictions of METE follow (including the Species Area Distribution, the Species Abundance Distribution, and various metabolic distributions). Primarily, we consider the discrete distributions predicted by METE.We also explore the parameter space defined by the METE’s state variables and Lagrange multipliers. We aim to provide a comprehensive resource for ecologists who want to understand the derivations and assumptions of basic mathematical structure of METE.
Optimization of MBE Growth Conditions of In0.52Al0.48As Waveguide Layers for InGaAs/InAlAs/InP Quantum Cascade Lasers
Authors: Gutowski Piotr , Sankowska Iwona , Słupiński Tomasz , Pierścinska Dorota , Pierściński Kamil , Kuźmicz Aleksandr , Gołaszewska-Malec Krystyna , Bugajski Maciej
Published: May 2019

We investigate molecular beam epitaxy growth conditions of micrometers-thick In0.52Al0.48As designed for waveguide of InGaAs/InAlAs/InP quantum cascade lasers. Effect of growth temperature and V/III ratio on the surface morphology and defect structure were studied. The growth conditions which were developed for the growth of cascaded In0.53Ga0.47As/In0.52Al0.48As active region, e.g. growth temperature of TG=520°C and V/III ratio of 12, turned out to be not optimum for the growth of thick In0.52Al0.48As waveguide layers. It has been observed that after exceeding ~1µm thickness the quality of In0.52Al0.48As layers deteriorates. The in-situ optical reflectometry showed increasing surface roughness caused by defect forming, which was further confirmed by High Resolution X-Ray reciprocal space mapping, optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The presented optimization of growth conditions of In0.52Al0.48As waveguide layer led to the growth of defect free material, with good optical quality. This has been achieved by decreasing the growth temperature to TG=480 °C with appropriate increasing V/III ratio. At the same time the growth conditions of the cascade active region of the laser were left unchanged. The lasers grown using new recipe have shown lower threshold currents and improved slope efficiency. We relate this performance improvement to reduction of the electron scattering on the interface roughness and decreased waveguide absorption losses.
Cinnamon Oil as an Antibacterial Agent on Natural Paper from Banana Peel (Musa paradisiaca Linn.)
Authors: Setyowati Widiastuti Agustina Eko , Susanti VH Elfi , Alviah Iis , Wardani Melati Kusuma
Published: May 2019

The research about the use of cinnamon oil as an antibacterial agent on natural paper from Banana (musa paradisiaca Linn.) Peel has been conducted. The preparation of the paper using alkalization method, with the use of NaOH 4% at the temperature of 100oC for 1.5 hours. The paper is made in two variations, ie with additive cinnamon oil and without additive. The natural paper produced are tested for pH based on SNI ISO 6588-1.2010 and water content by dry-oven method based on SNI ISO 287:2010. The antibacterial activities were tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The paper produced meet the standard of ISO 6519:2016 about Basic Paper for Laminated Plastic Wrapping Paper within the parameter of pH and water content. The results showed that the paper with additive cinnamon oil have antibacterial activity againts S. aureus and E. coli with inhibition diameter zone 15 mm and 13 mm respectively, whereas paper without cinnamon oil additives has no antibacterial activity against either S. aureus or E. coli.  These result indicate that cinnamon oil can be used as an antibacterial agent on the natural paper from Banana peel (musa paradisiaca Linn.).
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA POP UP SEBAGAI UPAYA MELESTARIKAN WAYANG KLITIK
Authors: Wahono Tri Budi , Saputra Henry , Huda Choirul
Published: May 2019

Tujuan Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangan media pop up sebagai upaya melestarikan  wayang  klitik  melalui  pembelajaran  IPS  di  SD  Kelas  IV.  Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan Borg & Gall dengan 5 tahapan yaitu (1) penelitian dan pengumpulan data, (2) perencanaan, (3) pengembangan draf  produk,  (4)  uji  coba  lapangan  awal,  (5)  merevisi  hasil  uji  coba.  Penelitian  dan pengumpulan data dilakukan di tiga SD di Kecamatan Undaan, Kabupaten Kudus. Pada tahap uji coba lapangan awal dilakukan di satu SD yaitu SDN 1 Wonosoco Kecamatan Undaan  Kabupaten  Kudus.  Kesimpulan  dari  hasil  penelitian  ini  yaitu  (1)  belum  ada inisiatif dari guru  untuk mengaitkan materi  wayang klitik dalam proses pembelajaran dan  guru  tidak  selalu  menggunakan  media  pembelajaran,  (2)  racangan  model  produk divalidasi  oleh  validator  materi  dan  validator  media,  (3)  setelah  dilakukan  uji  coba lapangan  awal  didapat  bahwa  media  diterima  siswa  dan  layak  digunakan  dalam pembelajaran. 

Kata Kunci: Pengembangan, Pop Up, Wayang Klitik   
IMPLEMENTASI PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK BERORIENTASI PROBLEM BASED LEARNING PADA MATERI POKOK FLUIDA STATIS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR DAN AKTIFITAS BELAJAR FISIKA SISWA KELAS X-MIA2 SMA NEGERI 1 SOE
Authors: Amsikan Adrianus
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan penera¬pan pendekatan scientific problem based oriented untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa  kelas 10 jurusan  Sains  (10  MIA  2)  SMA  Negeri  1  Soe  khususnya  dalam  pembelajaran  Staitic Fluida. Untuk mencapai tujuan dari penelitian ini, penelitian tindakan kelas dilakukan dengan  subyek  adalah  32  siswa.  Hasilnya  menunjukkan  bahwa;  1)  dalam  melakukan siklus kebakaran, skor rata-rata siswa adalah 70,35 atau sama dengan 2, 81 atau 59, 38% dari prestasi belajar siswa Pada siklus kedua, skor rata-rata yang diperoleh adalah 84, 99 atau sama dengan 3, 40 atau 90, 63% dari prestasi belajar siswa. Aktivitas belajar siswa pada siklus satu menunjukkan bahwa ada 37, 00 dan pada siklus dua adalah  40, 00 atau ada 8, 11% peningkatan  kegiatan belajar siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat  disimpulkan  bahwa  penerapan  pendekatan  saintifik  melalui  pembelajaran berbasis  masalah  pada  kelas  10  Sains  2  (10  Mia  2)  dapat  meningkatkan  nilai  belajar siswa dan aktivitas belajar dalam kaitannya dengan Pelajaran Statis Fluida pada mata pelajaran Fisika. di tahun akademik 2014/2015..  

Kata Kunci:  Pendekatan Ilmiah, Hasil Belajar, Kegiatan Belajar, Pembelajaran Ber- basis Masalah.
Piloting a problem solving module for undergraduate mathematics students
Authors: McConnell David
Published: May 2019

We report on a new problem solving module for second-year undergraduate mathematics students first piloted during the 2016-17 academic year at Cardiff University.  This module was introduced in response to the concern that for many students, traditional teaching and assessment practices do not offer sufficient opportunities for developing problem-solving and mathematical thinking skills, and more generally, to address the recognised need to incorporate transferrable skills into our undergraduate programmes.  We discuss the pedagogic and practical considerations involved in the design and delivery of this module, and in particular, the question of how to construct open-ended problems and assessment activities that promote mathematical thinking, and reward genuinely original and independent mathematical work.
Making the grade: supporting mathematics students in understanding the use of grade-based marking criteria for assessments
Authors: Russell Ewan
Published: May 2019

Grade-based marking criteria are used widely in humanities subjects, and also in some areas of the sciences. In many mathematics assessments, individual marks are clearly allocated for specific elements of working in calculations, computations or theoretical arguments. This case study will document the use of grade-based marking criteria for assessments in a final year mathematics module at a mainstream UK university. The module has the development of professional skills for mathematics as the central focus and the assessment tasks take the form of written reports and oral presentations. This paper will describe formative group tasks set in the initials weeks of the module to introduce students to the grade-based marking criteria, and to provide students with experience of using the criteria themselves. The success of these initiatives in developing student appreciation for the use of the assessment criteria will be discussed, along with ideas for the future based on student responses to the activities.
Quantifying the impact of mathematics support on the performance of undergraduate engineering and computing students
Authors: Macdonald Calum
Published: May 2019

The School of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment at Glasgow Caledonian University has provided mathematics support for all students in the school since 2012/13. This paper compares the performance of two groups of undergraduate students; those who engaged with mathematics support, through attending targeted lectures, and those who chose not to engage. Data collected over the five years from 2013/14 to 2017/18 for 4,690 engaging and non-engaging students, enrolled on modules with a substantial mathematical content, were analysed. Module marks achieved at first diet for the two groups of students, at all undergraduate levels, were selected as a measure of how mathematics support impacts on student performance. The study showed that there was a substantial and significant difference between the marks achieved by students that engaged with support and those that did not. Students who engaged on average showed an 8% increase in their module mark compared with those who did not engage.
MRI and MRV features of a patient with Heat Stroke: a case report
Authors: Cao Lizhi , Wang Juan , Gao Yaxuan , Liang Yumei , Yan Jinhua , Zhang Yunhai , Zhu Mingqin , Chen Jiafeng
Published: May 2019

Background

Heat stroke (HS) is a critical illness that can cause multiple organ dysfunction including damage to the central nervous system (CNS), which can be life-threatening in severe cases. The brain image lesions of HS patient with CNS damage has been rarely reported before and usually variable in different cases, causing confusing to doctors when encounter these patients in the clinic. Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare cause of stroke that mostly affects young people and children. The pathogenesis of brain damage caused by HS is complex, CVT may be involved in the pathogenesis of HS with CNS damage. In this manuscript, we report a case of HS with CVT with symmetrical lesions in the bilateral putamen,posterior limb of internal capsule,external capsule, insula lobe, and subcortical white matter inside the brain.

Case presentation

We introduced a 48-year-old man who suffered from HS in the hot summer. At the time of admission, he showed high body temperature, coma and shock. Later, he had laboratory evidence of rhabdomyolysis syndrome, acute kidney and liver damage, electrolyte imbalance, acid-base balance disorders, and high D-dimer levels. After several days of anti-shock treatment, his level of consciousness has improved but his vision has declined. The cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed symmetrical lesions of the bilateral posterior limb of internal capsule,putamen,external capsule and insula, and subcortical white matter, and cerebral magnetic resonance venography (MRV) showed the formation of deep cerebral venous thrombosis (DCVT). Therefore, the anti-coagulation treatment was given to patient. After timely clinical intervention, the symptom of the patient was gradually improved.

Conclusions

The case shows that HS can cause CVT. Therefore, we believe that when we need to identify the cerebral MRI findings of HS, early MRV can greatly help the diagnosis of the disease, and can effectively improve the prognosis.
MAIN TENDENCIES IN ANESTHESIOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOR THE LAST 10 YEARS
Authors: Likhvantsev V. V.
Published: May 2019

The article describes the main tendencies in anesthesiology, which have undergone the greatest changes in the last decade, according to the author. The article speculates on the choice of tactics and the qualitative components of peri-operative infusion therapy. The author gives an assessment of the current stage of studying the phenomenon of anesthetic preconditioning and acute heart failure management. And, finally, the challenges and achievements of the evidence-based medicine in anesthesiology are analyzed.
TRALI-SYNDROME: DIAGNOSTICS, PREVENTION, TREATMENT
Authors: Neymark M. I.
Published: May 2019

The lecture is devoted to transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), which is rarely encountered and therefore poorly studied by clinicians. With late diagnosis and inadequate management, the injury can be fatal. In some countries, it is ranked third among causes of death associated with complications developed due to blood transfusions. The lecture discusses issues of etiology, pathogenesis, symptoms, and diagnostics of TRALI. Special attention is paid to prevention, in particular, improvement of the blood transfusion service.
PATHOLOGIC PHYSIOLOGY OF EXACERBATIONS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: Avdeev S. N.
Published: May 2019

The lecture describes the mechanisms of deterioration of respiratory exchange during exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It has been demonstrated that the rapid diagnosis and treatment of exacerbations is an important part of COPD management. The restriction of expiratory airflow followed by the increased dynamic pulmonary hyperinflation seems to be the most important pathophysiological mechanism in COPD exacerbation, which has catastrophic consequences for the respiratory system with respect to respiratory mechanics and gas exchange. In some patients, associated disorders of cardiopulmonary interactions also undoubtedly play an important role.
Assistance for the anaesthetist: A Report by the Irish Standing Committee (ARCHIVED)
Authors:   Association of Anaesthetists, Pickering Brian , O'Sullivan Ellen , Page Rory , Bergin Anne , Honan David , Kennedy John , Loughrey J , McDowell Carlos , McAdoo John
Published: May 2019

The availability of assistance to the anaesthetist is of fundamental importance to the safe conduct of anaesthesia. Such assistance has been shown to reduce the incidence of adverse anaesthetic events and to improve patient outcome. This guideline from the Association’s Irish Standing Committee places in context the state of anaesthetic assistance in Irish hospitals, and makes recommendations for the development of this service.
Items discussed include: The availability of anaesthetic assistance; Rostering of assistance from a predominately nursing staff; Anaesthetic assistance training.
Best practice in the management of epidural analgesia in the hospital setting (ARCHIVED)
Authors: Rowbotham David , Cashman Jeremy , Counsell David , Cox Felicia , Crawford Paulah , Goddard John , Morton Neil , Nicholls Barry , Plaat Felicity , Power Ian , Rivett Kate
Published: May 2019

Epidural analgesia is highly effective for controlling acute pain after surgery, or trauma to the chest, abdomen, pelvis or lower limbs. It can provide excellent pain relief, minimal side-effects, and high patient satisfaction when compared with other methods of analgesia. However, it can cause serious, potentially life-threatening complications.
These guidelines discuss the use of epidural analgesia, including: Patient selection and consent for epidural anaesthesia; Epidural analgesia in children; Personnel, staffing levels and ward environment; Catheter insertion; Equipment and drugs for epidural analgesia; Patient monitoring.
Blood transfusion and the anaesthetist: Intra-operative cell salvage (ARCHIVED)
Authors:   Association of Anaesthetists, Wee MYK , Thomas D , Verma R , Jones J , Catling S , Isaac J , Howard F , Milton S
Published: May 2019

Ensuring a safe and adequate supply of blood components for transfusion is an ongoing challenge. There are morbidities associated with the immunological complications of allogeneic blood transfusion, and the cost of allogeneic blood components is increasing. The use of inter-operative cell salvage (ICS) reduces the demand on allogeneic (donor) red cells, and is cost effective. This guideline promotes the safe and competent use of ICS to enhance patient care and includes: Recommendations for the organisation and management of an ICS service; Special circumstances where ICS is not recommended; Financial considerations.
Catastrophes in anaesthetic practice (ARCHIVED)
Authors:   Association of Anaesthetists, Wee Michael , Bogod David , Chambers Alisatair , Harmer Michael , Wilson Iain , Saunders David , Bahlmann Barbara , Gaskins Sandy , Hunt Sara , Prentice Janet
Published: May 2019

Many anaesthetists will be involved with an anaesthetic catastrophe at some point in their career; this may be an expected or unexpected death, or serious injury to a patient. The psychological impact on staff should not be underestimated. This guideline suggests pragmatic ways of dealing with the aftermath of such a catastrophe.
The advice and information includes: What to do immediately after the event; Dealing with the patient’s relatives; Dealing with the media; The role of the anaesthesia department and the Trust/Board; How do deal emotionally with a catastrophic event; Medico-legal issues, and the GMC.
Drug and alcohol abuse amongst anaesthetists (ARCHIVED)
Authors:   Association of Anaesthetists, Dickson Diana , Bythell Valerie , Marshall Jane , Mayall Ruth , Verma Ranjit , Wee Michael , Williams Susan
Published: May 2019

The vast majority of anaesthetists will be unaffected by substance abuse, but for those few that are the consequences can be devastating both for them and their patients. Drug and alcohol abuse is a problem for some anaesthetists, as it is in the general population. Anaesthetists are more likely than other doctors to abuse narcotics as a drug of choice, to abuse drugs intravenously and to be addicted to more than one drug. The most immediate risk is of harm to patients. This guideline provides advice and information on drug and alcohol abuse in anaesthetists and trainee anaesthetists, including:
Factors influencing drug abuse; Warning signs of alcohol and drug abuse; How to raise concerns and what actions should be taken; The GMC and substance abusing doctors; Treatment, support and monitoring; Returning to work after a drug or alcohol problem.
Management of severe local anaesthetic toxicity (ARCHIVED)
Authors:   Association of Anaesthetists, Cave Grant
Published: May 2019

These guidelines cover the management of severe local anaesthetic toxicity.

They cover but are not limited to: Signs of severe toxicity; Immediate management of a patient with severe local anaesthetic toxicity; Treatment; Follow up.