bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Black carbon (BC) in North Tibetan Mountain; Effect of Kuwait fires on glacier
Authors: Zhou Jiamao , Tie Xuexi , Xu Baiqing , Zhao Shuyu , Wang Mo , Li Guohui , Yang Song , Chang Luyu , Cao Junji
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The BC deposition on the ice core at Muztagh Ata Mountain, Northern Tibetan Plateau was analyzed. Two sets of measurements were used in this study, which included the air samplings of BC particles during 2004–2006 and the ice core drillings of BC deposition during 1986–1994. Two numerical models were used to analyze the measured data. A global chemical transportation model (MOZART-4) was used to analyze the BC transport from the source regions, and a radiative transfer model (SNICAR) was used to study the effect of BC on snow albedo. The results show that during 1991–1992, there was a strong spike of the BC deposition at Muztagh Ata, suggesting that there was an unusual emission in the upward region during this period. This high peak of BC deposition was investigated by using the global chemical transportation model (MOZART-4). The analysis indicated that the emissions from large Kuwait fires at the end of the first Gulf War in 1991 caused this high peak of the BC concentrations and deposition (about 3–4 times higher than other years) at the Muztagh Ata Mountain, suggesting that the upward BC emissions had important impacts on this remote site located in Northern Tibetan Plateau. Thus, there is a need to quantitatively estimate the effect of surrounding emissions on the BC concentrations in the northern Tibetan Plateau. In this study, a sensitive study with 4 individual BC emission regions (Central Asia, Europe, Persian Gulf, and South Asia) was conducted by using the MOZART-4 model. The result suggests that during the "normal period" (non Kuwait Fires), the largest effect was due to the Central Asia source (44 %) during Indian monsoon period, while during non-monsoon period, the largest effect was due to the South Asia source (34 %). The increase of radiative forcing increase (RFI) due to the deposition of BC on snow was estimated by using the radiative transfer model (SNICAR). The results shows that under the fresh snow assumption, the estimated increase of RFI ranged from 0.2 W m-2 to 2.5 W m-2, while under the aged snow assumption, the estimated increase of RFI ranged from 0.9 W m-2 to 5.7 W m-2. During the Kuwait fires period, the RFI values increased about 2–5 times higher than the "normal period", suggesting a significant increase for the snow melting in Northern Tibetan Plateau due to this fire event. This result suggests that the variability of BC deposition at the Muztagh Ata Mountain provides useful information to study the effect of the upward BC emissions on environmental and climate issues in the Northern Tibetan Plateau. The radiative effect of BC deposition on the snow melting provides important information regarding the water resources in the region.
Effects of mixing state on optical and radiative properties of black carbon in the European Arctic
Authors: Zanatta Marco , Laj Paolo , Gysel Martin , Baltensperger Urs , Vratolis Stergios , Eleftheriadis Kostas , Kondo Yutaka , Dubuisson Philippe , Winiarek Victor , Kazadzis Stelios , Tunved Peter , Jacobi Hans-Werner
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric aging promotes internal mixing of black carbon (BC) leading to an enhancement of light absorption and radiative forcing. The relationship between BC mixing state and consequent absorption enhancement was never estimated for BC found in the Arctic region. In the present work, we aim to quantify the absorption enhancement and its impact on radiative forcing as a function of microphysical properties and mixing state of BC observed in-situ at the Zeppelin Arctic station (78° N) in the spring of 2012 during the CLIMSLIP (Climate impacts of short-lived pollutants in the Arctic) project. Single particle soot photometer (SP2) measurements showed a mean mass concentration of refractory black carbon (rBC) of 39 ng m−3, while the rBC mass size distribution was of log-normal shape peaking at an rBC mass equivalent diameter (DrBC) of around 240 nm. On average, the number fraction of particles containing a BC core with DrBC > 80 nm was less than 5 % in the size range (overall optical particle diameter) from 150–500 nm. The BC cores were internally mixed with other particulate matter. The median coating thickness of BC cores with 220 nm
Folded tubular photometer for atmospheric measurements of NO2 and NO
Authors: Birks John W. , Andersen Peter C. , Williford Craig J. , Turnipseed Andrew A. , Strunk Stanley E. , Ennis Christine A. , Mattson Erick
Published: May 2018

Abstract. We describe and characterize a modular folded tubular photometer
for making direct measurements of the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide
(NO2) and specify how this method could be extended to measure other
pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and black
carbon particulate matter. Direct absorbance measurements using this
photometer can be made across the spectral range from the ultraviolet (UV) to
the near infrared. The absorbance cell makes use of modular components
(tubular detection cells and mirror cubes) that allow construction of path
lengths of up to 2 m or more while maintaining low cell volumes. The long
path lengths and low cell volumes enable sensitive detection of ambient air
pollutants down to low part-per-billion levels for gas species and aerosol
extinctions down to 1 Mm−1, corresponding to
∼ 0.1 µg m−3 for black carbon particulates. Pressure
equalization throughout the stages of the absorbance measurement is shown to
be critical to accurate measurements of analyte concentrations. The present
paper describes the application of this photometer to direct measurements of
nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and the incorporation of design features that
also enable measurement of nitric oxide (NO) in the same instrument.
Excellent agreement for ambient measurements along an urban roadside was
found for both NO2 and NO measured by the folded tubular photometer
compared to existing standard techniques. Compared to commonly used methods
for measurements of NOx species, the advantages of this approach include
(1) an absolute quantification for NO2 based on the Beer–Lambert
law, thereby greatly reducing the frequency at which calibrations are
required; (2) the direct measurement of NO2 concentration without
prior conversion to NO as is required for the commonly used chemiluminescence
method; (3) the use of modular components that allow construction of
absorbance detection cells of varying lengths for extending the dynamic range
of concentrations that can be measured; (4) a more economical instrument than
other currently available direct measurement techniques for NO2;
and (5) the potential for simultaneous detection of additional species such
as SO2, O3, and black carbon in the same instrument. In
contrast to other commercially available direct NO2 measurements,
such as cavity-attenuated phase-shift spectroscopy (CAPS), the folded tubular photometer also measures NO simultaneously in the same apparatus by
quantitatively converting NO to NO2 with ozone, which is then
detected by direct absorbance.
Long-Profile Evolution of Transport-Limited Gravel-Bed Rivers
Authors: Wickert Andrew D. , Schildgen Taylor F.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Alluvial and transport-limited bedrock rivers constitute the majority of fluvial systems on Earth. Their long profiles hold clues to their present state and past evolution. We currently possess first-principles-based governing equations for flow, sediment transport, and channel morphodynamics in these systems, which we lack for detachment-limited bedrock rivers. Here we formally couple these equations for transport-limited gravel-bed river long-profile evolution. The result is a new predictive relationship whose functional form and parameters are grounded in theory and defined through experimental data. From this, we produce a power-law analytical solution and a finite-difference numerical solution to long-profile evolution. Steady-state channel concavity and steepness are diagnostic of external drivers: concavity decreases with increasing uplift, and steepness increases with increasing sediment-to-water supply ratio. Constraining free parameters explains common observations of river form: To match observed channel concavities, gravel-sized sediments must weather and fine – typically rapidly – and valleys must widen gradually. To match the empirical square-root width–discharge scaling in equilibrium-width gravel-bed rivers, downstream fining must occur. The ability to assign a cause to such observations is the direct result of a deductive approach to developing equations for landscape evolution.
BGC-val: a model and grid independent python toolkit to evaluate marine biogeochemical models
Authors: de Mora Lee , Yool Andrew , Palmieri Julien , Sellar Alistair , Kuhlbrodt Till , Popova Ekaterina , Jones Colin , Allen J. Icarus
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The biogeochemical evaluation toolkit, BGC-val, is a model and grid independent python toolkit that has been built to evaluate marine biogeochemical models using a simple interface. Here, we present the ideas that motivated the development of the BGC-val software framework, introduce the code structure, and show some applications of the toolkit using model results from the Fifth Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The key ideas that directed the toolkit design were model and grid independence, front loading analysis functions and regional masking, interuptabililty, and ease of use. We present each of these goals, why they were important and what we did to address them. We also present an outline of the code structure of the toolkit, illustrated with example plots produced by the toolkit. After describing BGC-val, we use the toolkit to investigate the performance of the marine circulate and biogeochemical parts of the CMIP5 models, and highlight some predictions about the future state of the marine ecosystem under a business as usual CO2 concentration scenario (RCP 8.5).
Seasonal variability in evapotranspiration partitioning and its relationship with crop development and water use efficiency of winter wheat
Authors: Ma Ying , Kumar Praveen , Song Xianfang
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The partitioning of evapotranspiration (ET) into soil evaporation (E) and crop transpiration (T) is fundamental for accurately monitoring agro-hydrological processes, assessing crop productivity, and optimizing water management practices. In this study, the isotope tracing technique was used to partition ET and quantify the root water uptake sources of winter wheat during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons in Beijing, China. The correlations between seasonal ET partitioning and the leaf area index (LAI), grain yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) were investigated. The fraction of T in ET (FT) between the greening and harvest seasons was 0.82 on average and did not vary significantly among the different irrigation and fertilization treatments (p > 0.05). However, the values of FT during the individual growth periods were remarkably distinct (ranging from 0.51 to 0.98) among the treatments. The seasonal variability in FT could be effectively explained via a power-law function of the LAI (FT = 0.61 LAI0.21, R2 = 0.66, p  0.05). The total T during the jointing–heading and heading–filling periods (Tjf) had significantly quadratic relationships with the crop yield and WUE (p
Projected Climate Change Impacts on Future Streamflow of the Yarlung
Tsangpo-Brahmaputra River
Authors: Xu Ran , Hu Hongchang , Tian Fuqiang , Li Chao , Khan Mohd Yawar Ali
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The Yarlung Tsangpo-Brahmaputra River (YBR) originating from the Tibetan Plateau (TP), is an important water source for many domestic and agricultural practices in countries including China, India, Bhutan and Bangladesh. To date, only a few studies have investigated the impacts of climate change on water resources in this river basin with dispersed results. In this study, we provide a comprehensive and updated assessment of the impacts of climate change on YBR streamflow by integrating a physically based hydrological model, regional climate integrations from CORDEX (Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment), different bias correction methods, and Bayesian model averaging method. We find that (i) bias correction is able to reduce systematic biases in regional climate integrations and thus benefits hydrological simulations over YBR Basin; (ii) Bayesian model averaging, which optimally combines individual hydrological simulations obtained from different bias correction methods, tends to provide hydrological time series superior over individual ones. We show that by the year 2035, the annual mean streamflow is projected to change respectively by 6.8 %, −0.4 %, and −4.1 % under RCP4.5 relative to the historical period (1980–2001) at the Bahadurabad in Bangladesh, the upper Brahmaputra outlet, and Nuxia in China. Under RCP8.5, these percentage changes will substantially increase to 12.9 %, 13.1 %, and 19.9 %. Therefore, the change rate of streamflow shows strong spatial variability along the YBR from downstream to upstream. The increasing rate of streamflow shows an augmented trend from downstream to upstream under RCP8.5 compared to an attenuated pattern under RCP4.5.
Factors influencing spring and summer areal snow ablation and snowcover depletion in alpine terrain: detailed measurements from the Canadian Rockies
Authors: Schirmer Michael , Pomeroy John W.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The spatial distribution of snow water equivalent (SWE) and melt are important to estimating areal melt rates and snowcover depletion dynamics but are rarely measured in detail during the late ablation period. This study contributes the result of high resolution observations made using large numbers of sequential aerial photographs taken from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle on an alpine ridge in the Fortress Mountain Snow Laboratory in the Canadian Rocky Mountains from May to July. With Structure-from-Motion and thresholding techniques, spatial maps of snow depth, snowcover and differences in snow depth during ablation were generated in very high resolution as proxies for spatial SWE, spatial ablation rates, and snowcover depletion (SCD). The results indicate that the initial distribution of SWE was highly variable due to overwinter snow redistribution and the subsequent distribution of ablation rates was also variable due to albedo, slope/aspect and other unaccountable differences. However, the initial distribution of SWE was five times more variable than that of subsequent ablation rates, even though ablation differences were substantial, with variability by a factor of two between north and south aspects, and somewhat persistent over time. Ablation rate patterns had an insubstantial impact on SCD curves, which were overwhelmingly governed by the initial distribution of SWE. The reasons for this are that variations in irradiance to slopes on north and south aspects in the near-summer solstice period are relatively small and only a weak spatial correlation developed between initial SWE and ablation rates. Previous research has shown that spatial correlations between SWE and ablation rates can strongly influence SCD curves. The results presented here are in contrast to alpine, shrub tundra and forest observations taken during ablation at higher latitudes and/or earlier in spring but in agreement with other near-summer observations in alpine environments. Whilst variations in net solar irradiance to snow were due to small scale variations in localized dust deposition from eroded ridgetop soil and larger scale differences in slope and aspect, variations in SWE were due to intense over-winter blowing snow storms with deposition from multiple directions of snow transport to incised gullies and slope breaks. This condition differs considerably from situations where wind transport from primarily one direction leads to preferential SWE loading on slopes of particular aspects, which can lead to a spatial correlation between SWE and ablation rate. These findings suggest that in near-summer solstice conditions and environments where snow redistribution is substantial, then mountain SCD curves can be calculated using the spatial distribution of SWE alone, and that hydrological and atmospheric models need to implement a realistic distribution of SWE in order to do this.
Ocean-Liner Cutaways, Diagrams, and Composites: Technical Illustration as Mass Aesthetic in Popular Mechanics and The Illustrated London News
Authors: Ross Shawna
Published: May 2018

This article analyzes the visual rhetoric of ocean-liner illustrations that appeared in mass periodicals in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. Cutaways, diagrams, and composite images of ocean liners created an innovative visual style that fused data structures with pop aesthetics, combining pedagogy of media literacy with the pleasures of voyeurism and vicarious voyaging. Illustrations of the Queen Mary and the sinking of the Titanic are emphasized to show how mass periodicals constructed imagined, impossible scenes of ocean travel that humanized abstract, large-scale technological changes and crises of modernity, thereby rendering them comprehensible to a mass readership.
The American Colonies: Paris's Chicago Tribune and Paris-American Identity
Authors: Cannon Nissa Ren
Published: May 2018

By the late 1920s, Paris was home to 40,000 expatriate Americans and 400,000 visitors. While these Americans received much attention in subsequent decades, the newspapers catering to this community have received less scrutiny. This article considers how the Paris edition of the Chicago Tribune narrated a shared experience of life abroad for American residents, drew a common map of Paris, and codified community values, even as it revealed distinctions about residents. I argue that the paper transported patriotic affiliation overseas while representing and reinforcing a version of American identity that was inherently transnational.
Reverse Saphenous Conduit Flap in 19 Dogs and 1 Cat
Authors: Cavalcanti Jacqueline V.J. , Barry Sabrina L. , Lanz Otto I. , Barnes Katherine , Coutin Julia V.
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this retrospective study was to report the outcomes of 19 dogs and 1 cat undergoing reverse saphenous conduit flap between 1999 and 2016. Reverse saphenous conduit flap was used to treat traumatic wounds and wounds resulting from tumor excision in the hind limb; the majority of cases had medial shearing injuries. All animals had complete flap survival. In five animals (20%), minor donor site dehiscence occurred, which did not require surgery. Other postoperative complications included signs of severe venous congestion in one dog. Reverse saphenous conduit flap is a useful technique to repair skin defects of the distal hind limb.
Comportamiento agronómico de 12 cultivares de tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill), Tisma, Masaya, Nicaragua
Authors: Marín Fernández Vidal , Gómez Martínez Jorge , Herrera Fuentes Evert Francisco
Published: May 2018

El presente estudio se realizó en el municipio de Tisma, departamento de Masaya, con el objetivo de generar información sobre el comportamiento agronómico de 12 cultivares de tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) producidos en condiciones de campo abierto. El diseño experimental utilizado fue un ensayo preliminar sin replica. Los datos se analizaron a través de la obtención de medias, desviación estándar, y rendimientos relativos. Se registró la información de diez variables basadas en el comportamiento agronómico, siete cuantitativas (número de frutos cosechados por planta, diámetro polar del fruto, diámetro ecuatorial del fruto, peso del fruto, rendimiento, numero de lóculos y grados brix) y tres cualitativa (forma del fruto, color de fruto maduro y intensidad de color en fruto maduro). Los cultivares presentaron diferentes medias y desviaciones estándar. Los cultivares AVTO1004 y AVTO1023 mostraron mejores rendimientos respecto al cultivar Shanty.
Riego complementario y su efecto en la floración y producción de café (Coffea arabica L.) variedad CATRENIC, Carazo, Nicaragua, 2013-2014
Authors: Duarte-Canales Henry Alberto , Munguía-Hernández Rodolfo , Aguilar-Bustamante Víctor , Murillo-Malespín Gerardo , Marrero-García Emilio
Published: May 2018

Debido a la importancia que tiene el café (Coffea arabiga L.) en las exportaciones de Nicaragua, se estableció un experimento sobre el cultivo de café en la finca San Dionisio (11° 53’ 80’’ LN, 86° 14’ 05’’ LO y 552 msnm), San Marcos, Carazo, Nicaragua, con el propósito de evaluar el crecimiento, desarrollo y producción de café bajo tres láminas de riego por goteo complementario (0, 10, 20 y 30 mm) aplicados a partir del 14 abril del 2013 hasta la presencia normal de las precipitaciones en la zona. Los tratamientos fueron ubicados en un Diseño Bloques Completos al Azar (BCA) con cuatro réplicas. Las variables desprendimiento de frutos, índice de área foliar, crecimiento de bandolas, formación de nudos potenciales y producción se aplicó un Análisis de Varianza (ANDEVA) y Tukey (α =0.05). La lámina de riego de 20 mm favoreció el crecimiento vegetativo, formación de estructuras productivas y productividad.
Producción de microtubérculos de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.), cultivar burren, en biorreactrores económicos de inmersión temporal
Authors: Aguilar Maradiaga Marbell Danilo , Cruz Cardona Roxana Yadira , Ortiz Zelaya Mirna Indiana , Zeledón Rodríguez Johnston Erizaet
Published: May 2018

El estudio de microtuberización con el cultivar de papa Burren se realizó en el laboratorio de cultivo de tejidos de la Universidad Nacional Agraria entre los meses de junio a diciembre de 2015. Se estudiaron las fases de multiplicación y formación de microtubérculos en Biorreactores Económicos de Inmersión Temporal (BEIT). Las mejores variantes de medios de cultivo resultaron las que contenían 0.20 mg l-1 de GA3 con 0.50 mg l-1 de BAP y 0.10 mg l-1 de GA3 con 1 mg l-1 de BAP, con medias respectivas en número de entrenudos de 6.32 y 5.7 y número de hojas por planta de 7.37 y 6.93. Adiciones de sacarosa de 80 g l-1 y 110 g l-1 favorecieron la formación de microtubérculos con medias de peso fresco entre 0.69 y 0.75 gramos. En concentraciones de sacarosa entre 80 g l-1 y 120 g l-1 no se registraron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre las medias de las variables diámetro y longitud de microtubérculos. En microtubérculos con diámetro mayor a los 10 mm se obtuvieron medias en longitud de planta, número de hojas y número de brotes de 21 cm, 16.35 y 5.65 respectivamente y con diámetros entre 8 y 10 mm las medias respectivas fueron de 16.37 cm, 11.35 y 5.35.
El fin de la frontera agrícola en Nicaragua y su impacto en el desarrollo nacional
Authors: Bairamis Konstantinos
Published: May 2018

El fin de la frontera agrícola en Nicaragua significa el fin de la disponibilidad de tierra para aumentar la producción agropecuaria extensiva, la cual, desde 1950 hasta ahora, es la principal base de la economía Nicaragüense. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo, describir el proceso de destrucción de los recursos naturales en la frontera agrícola y explicar el mecanismo social que condujo a esta situación. En el proceso de investigación, se revisó bibliografía desde 1950, se utilizaron datos cuantitativos de instituciones nacionales e internacionales en forma comparativa y se formaron variables cuantitativas y cualitativas para explicar el fenómeno y hacer predicciones científicas. Se presenta la tesis, que el agotamiento de tierra disponible, combinado con los graves efectos de cambio climático en la disponibilidad de agua, conduce a Nicaragua por primera vez en su historia, en un desequilibrio económico y un posible conflicto social grave. La propuesta para evitar la crisis, es la alianza entre productores, estratos de la comunidad epistémica y gobierno, que permita cambiar las políticas públicas del estado y establecer una agroindustria sostenible para una producción sostenible, en sustitución de la actual agroindustria de empresas carteles oligopsonicos
Índices espectrales de vegetación para la detección de áreas quemadas
Authors: Reynosa Correa Norma Elena
Published: May 2018

El uso de la teledetección para la cartografía y discriminación de incendios forestales o áreas quemadas es una herramienta clave para el monitoreo, prevención y sobre todo para la recuperación y organización de áreas pre y post-incendios, la cual ha demostrado ser una herramienta eficiente, útil imprescindible para desempeñar este tipo de tareas. Numerosas técnicas de teledetección se han diseñado para la cartografía de áreas quemadas, donde resalta el uso y aplicación de índices de vegetación, los cuales han permitido avances en el estudio y comprensión del comportamiento espacial y temporal de las coberturas vegetales. Estas técnicas abren más posibilidades para continuar con investigaciones y nuevas aplicaciones en diferentes ámbitos, sobre todo relacionadas al estudio de ecosistemas terrestres, lo que permite mayor acceso a la información (mayor apertura de entidades públicas y privadas). El presente artículo tiene por objetivo definir a partir de las explicaciones de ciertos autores, cuatro de los índices espectrales de vegetación más utilizados para la cartografía de áreas quemadas: índice de vegetación de diferencia normalizada (NDVI), índice de monitoreo ambiental global (GEMI), relación de quemado normalizado (NBR), índice de quemado infrarrojo medio (MIRBI).
Factores de riesgo y factores de protección asociados al ingreso, permanencia y abandono de jóvenes a la pandilla o mara. Vivencias e interpretaciones de sus actores
Authors: Ventura Mónica Raquel
Published: May 2018

Para este estudio se investigó a tres grupos de individuos relacionados con pandillas o maras juveniles en El Salvador con el propósito de evidenciar factores de riesgo y factores de protección que motivan o evitan la incorporación a estos grupos proscriptos, a saber: pandilleros presidiarios o «testigos criteriados»1, expandilleros e individuos que habiendo crecido en ambientes de fuerte influencia de pandillas decidieron no incorporarse. La teoría consultada permitió analizar algunos ambientes socializadores: familia, escuela, amistades y domicilio, a fin de conocer, desde la perspectiva de los actores, vivencias e interpretaciones que han forjado sus decisiones. Desde una perspectiva de investigación cualitativa, se priorizó el diseño fenomenológico interpretativo para el análisis. Se encontró que la incorporación a las pandillas y el comportamiento resiliente significan para los individuos decisiones difíciles de constantes esfuerzos. Además, las explicaciones de cada grupo buscan racionalizar «socialmente» sus comportamientos: los pandilleros buscan mantener un estilo de vida a costa de la población y mediado por los delitos, el miedo engendrado y el poder que detentan. Los expandilleros tienen que reincorporarse a la vida prosocial y buscan mecanismos para romper las reticencias y marginaciones de la población, para lo cual la religión les provee la posibilidad de «mimetizarse». Finalmente, los resilientes, que lograron «salir adelante » sin inmiscuirse con las pandillas, se enorgullecen de su condición.Revista ciencia, cultura y sociedad Vol. 4 No. 1 enero-junio 2017; 15-23
Competencia Informacional en estudiantes universitarios: Una mirada a sus creencias y adhesiones
Authors: Barbosa-Chacón Jorge Winston , Castañeda-Peña Harold Andrés
Published: May 2018

El presente estudio tuvo como propósito caracterizar la competencia informacional (CI) en estudiantes universitarios de primer semestre en Colombia, a partir de prácticas que establecen con las fuentes de información. Metodológicamente, se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de tipo cualitativo, para lo cual se construyó un instrumento con dos componentes: recolección de datos y registro. Los resultados permitieron identificar tres perfiles de CI: recolector, verificador y reflexivo, los cuales fueron analizados desde las adhesiones en relación con las creencias en el modo potencializado y para el contexto de la educación media. Se concluye que las adhesiones y las creencias que configuran la modalidad potencializante de la CI (creencias y adhesiones) se manifiestan como parte de las vivencias que los estudiantes han tenido en la manera en que se relacionan con la información y la consumen.Revista ciencia, cultura y sociedad Vol. 4 No. 1 enero-junio 2017; 39-48
Erupción del volcán de San Salvador el 7 de junio de 1917
Authors: McConnell Leroy W.
Published: May 2018

Revista ciencia, cultura y sociedad Vol. 4 No. 1 enero-junio 2017; 53-54
Critically ill patient safety in nursing education: Students’ practices and perception
Authors: Shalaby Samah Anwar , Seweid Mohamed M. , El-soussi Azza H.
Published: May 2018

Background: Patient safety is the cornerstone for better quality health care and nursing education. There is limited evidence about how patient safety is addressed in healthcare professional curricula and how organizations develop safe practitioners.Aim: To assess the practices and perception of nursing students regarding the safety of critically ill patients.Materials and methods: Participants of this descriptive correlation exploratory study were 100 nursing students conveniently from the students enrolled in Critical Care Nursing course during academic year 2013-2014 in faculty of nursing, Alexandria University. The study was conducted in the critical care units affiliated to Alexandria Main University Hospital namely (Unit I, Unit III, and Triage). The first tool was Critical Care Practices of Safety Measures Observational Checklist and the second tool was Students’ Unsafe Clinical Practices Perception questionnaire.Results: It was found that 49% of the nursing students had poor perception regarding their unsatisfactory clinical performance. In addition, 55% of the nursing students have poor perception regarding their poor documentation. Furthermore, 44% of them have poor perception regarding lack of clinical educators’ role competency.Conclusions: Nursing students’ perception was poor regarding their clinical performance, cognitive performance and critical thinking skills and documentation. In addition, nursing students reported that they have poor perception regarding nurse educators’ role competency. Therefore, nursing curriculum should incorporate concepts and principles that guide nursing students in developing caring, safe, competent and professional behavior and should be developed for the nursing students based on the WHO patient safety topics which will focus on patient safety.
Putting reflective practice into action: A case study
Authors: Smith Ronald A. , Andrews Sharyn , Oliver Catherine , Chambers-Evans Jane
Published: May 2018

The McGill University Health Centre Reflective Practice Program, which began in 2003, provides a theory and structure for reflection and is the basis of an ongoing professional development program for nurses in leadership positions. It is designed to improve their knowledge and skills, and to provide support to nurse leaders who are continually facing difficult interpersonal situations involving staff, patients, families and the interdisciplinary team. It is based on a well-developed theoretical framework, a theory-of-action approach to reflective practice (RP). This approach is described in some detail, together with the training program for RP facilitators. This RP program involves regular monthly small group meetings to discuss challenging interpersonal situations. To date, 37 facilitators have been trained and currently about 120 nurses are participating regularly in RP groups. To illustrate this approach a detailed example of a typical RP session is presented, together with some illustrative feedback data collected over several years. We conclude with recommendations for implementing this type of RP program and describe how our theoretical approach has spread beyond the nursing department and has been introduced to some students and faculty in the School of Nursing and to interprofessional staff in one of the clinical groupings.
Ecological Connectivity Index Mapping for Green Infrastructure Development in Kaduna State, Northern Nigeria
Authors: UJOH Fanan , ENECHE Patrick Samson Udama , OBIEGBU Micah Ekwutosi
Published: May 2018

Infrastructural development is considered one of the key steps towards economic advancement and prosperity, although the ecological basis of such intent is often not enshrined in the policies of governments, especially in most developing nations. Thus, infrastructural development has further increased fragmentation of ecologically-rich landscapes, causing biodiversity losses, reduced specie richness and diversity and climate change. Hence, the need for green infrastructure development. This study made use of Geographic Information System (GIS) tool to explore areas with high Ecological Connectivity Index (ECI) that could (easily) support green infrastructure development in Kaduna State in the face of climate change impacts which is already ravaging the region. Kaduna State land use/cover map and Aster GDTM elevation data were acquired, processed and analyzed using ArcGIS 10.5 software. A spatial model was developed that made use of the combination of elevation, slope and land use/cover data of the State via Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) to reveal potentially viable and ecologically-rich areas of the State and the most efficient links between such areas. A total distance of 878 kilometers of potential ecological corridors in the study area were mapped and therefore, serve as a base to be considered in embarking on a state-wide green wall infrastructure development program by Kaduna State government. It is however recommended that Kaduna State as well as other state governments, particularly in northern Nigeria, ought to roll-out phased green infrastructure investment program(s), adopt the use of shrubs and trees in building green walls and to localize all the gains of the continental-wide Green Wall initiative as this will further reduce the threats of climate change in the region. The study also recommended the inclusion of other landscape variables/descriptors (e.g. road proximity, soil properties, cultural setting of local communities, etc.) into building a more comprehensive model to strengthen the accuracy of the map and the model presented in this study.
The Relevance of Social Responsibility and Financial Performance of Listed Companies
Authors: Mi Jingwen , Jiang Shaoyan , Tao Xiaohui , Hu Wanwan
Published: May 2018

This paper uses the data of Chinese listed companies from 2014 to 2016 as a sample to discuss the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance. At the same time, it analyzes the regulatory role of corporate scale and growth opportunities in the impact of social responsibility on economic performance. The study finds that there is a significant positive correlation between social responsibility and financial performance. The scale of the enterprise reverses the impact of social responsibility on financial performance, and growth opportunities do not regulate the impact of social responsibility on financial performance.
Effect of Manual Therapy on Pain Sensation and Hand Dexterity and Grip Strength in a Patient with RA. Didactic Case Study
Authors: Romanowski Mateusz Wojciech , Majchrzak Maciej , Kostiukow Anna , Malak Roksana , Samborski Włodzimierz
Published: May 2018

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory immune-dependent systemic connective tissue disease leading to joint destruction and organ complications. Recent years have seen a strong interest in manual therapy and its possible use in patients with pain and limited joint mobility. This prompted us to evaluate the effectiveness of joint mobilization in a patient with RA. The present paper assesses the effects of a joint mobilization technique on pain and functionality of the hand and wrist in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.
Evaluation of PRE-DELIRIC (PREdiction of DELIRium in ICu patients) delirium prediction model for the patients in the intensive care unit
Authors: Linkaitė Gabrielė , Riauka Mantas , Bunevičiūtė Ignė , Vosylius Saulius
Published: May 2018

Introduction. Delirium not only compromises patient care, but is also associated with poorer outcomes: increased duration of mechanical ventilation, higher mortality, and greater long-term cognitive dysfunction. The PRE-DELIRIC model is a tool used to calculate the risk of the development of delirium. The classification of the patients into groups by risk allows efficient initiation of preventive measures. The goal of this study was to validate the PRE-DELIRIC model using the CAM-ICU (The Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit) method for the diagnosis of delirium.
Materials and methods. Patients admitted to the University Hospital of Vilnius during February 2015 were enrolled. Every day, data were collected for APACHE-II and PRE-DELIRIC scores. Out of 167 patients, 38 (23%) were included and screened using the CAM-ICU method within 24 hours of admission to the ICU. We defined patients as having delirium when they had at least one positive CAM-ICU screening or haloperidol administration due to sedation. To validate the PRE-DELIRIC model, we calculated the area under receiver operating characteristic curve.
Results. The mean age of the patients was 69.2 ± 17.2 years, 19 (50%) were male, APACHE-II mean score 18.0 ± 7.4 points. Delirium was diagnosed in 22 (58%) of 38 patients. Data used for validation of the PRE-DELIRIC model resulted in an area under the curve of 0.713 (p < 0.05, 95% CI 0.539–0.887); sensitivity and specificity for the patients with 20% risk were, accordingly, 77.3% and 50%; 40% risk – 45.5% and 81.3%, 60% – 36.4%, and 87.5%.
Conclusions. The PRE-DELIRIC model predicted delirium in the patients within 24 hours of admission to the ICU. Preventive therapy could be efficiently targeted at high-risk patients if both of the methods are to be implemented.
Innovación Pedagógica en Baloncesto Juvenil: Misión Difícil pero Necesaria
Authors: Gonçalves C. E. , Martins A. M. , Carvalho H. M.
Published: May 2018

La investigación en Pedagogía Deportiva ha abierto caminos innovadores en el enfoque del entrenamiento. Sin embargo, los resultados muestran poco impacto en las prácticas de los entrenadores. Este estudio analiza la estructura de los entrenos de los equipos juveniles de baloncesto y percepciones de los entrenadores en la innovación pedagógica. Doce equipos sub-16 participaron en el estudio. Las sesiones a la semana de entrenamiento en el período competitivo se registraron en video y analizadas por la versión reducida del CAIS. Los doce entrenadores respondieron a entrevistas semiestructuradas. No se observaron diferencias en la estructura de las sesiones semanales entre los equipos. Los entrenadores saben las teorías recientes, pero, en su opinión, "ningún resultado" porque la competencia tiene prioridad sobre el aprendizaje activo. Todos creen que cualquier juego con oposición es "la formación de toma de decisiones". Los resultados confirman investigaciones anteriores que sugieren que los entrenadores construyen su conocimiento en el contexto del deporte y de la cultura de club.
Relación entre la complejidad técnico-táctica en la sesión de entrenamiento y la carga interna en baloncesto femenino
Authors: Vallés Ortega C. , Fernández-Ozcorta E. J. , Fierro Suero S.
Published: May 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la Escala de Valoración de la Carga del entrenamiento Técnico-Táctico (Coque, 2009) y su relación con parámetros de carga interna. En la actualidad, se plantea un modelo de planificación que se caracteriza por la preocupación de mejorar la interpretación que el sujeto hace de lo que sucede a su alrededor durante la competición (Martín Acero, Seirul-lo Vargas, Lago Peñas, y Novoa Lalín, 2013), para así modificar la respuesta y a su vez, el esquema motriz. El estudio contó con las jugadoras del equipo de Liga Femenina del Club Baloncesto Conquero, compuesto por 12 jugadoras, con edades comprendidas entre 17 y 33 años (M = 21.91; SD = 4.81). Los datos fueron recogidos durante los dos últimos meses de competición que se corresponden con los meses de febrero y marzo de 2016. Para obtener los datos necesarios se utilizaron la escala de valoración subjetiva de la carga de entrenamiento Técnico-Táctico  (Coque, 2009), la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo (Borg, 1970; 1998; Borg & Kaijser,2006) y la calidad de la recuperación  (Kentta & Hassmen, 1998). Los resultados mostraron que sólo la densidad del entrenamiento es el único marcador que podría explicar, de forma importante (91.4%), el esfuerzo percibido de las jugadoras. Según los datos obtenidos la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo podría ser utilizada para la monitorización del entrenamiento en cuanto a la complejidad técnico-táctica del mismo.
Análisis de la participación directa e indirecta en las acciones de juego de baloncesto de acuerdo con la intensidad
Authors: Daniel JF. , Montagner P. C. , Padovani C. R. , Beneli L. M. , Borín J. P.
Published: May 2018

El propósito de este estudio fue analizar la intensidad de las participaciones directas (PD) o indirectas (PI) en las acciones del juego de baloncesto. Participaron de este estudio siete jugadores, en un juego adulto masculino de la Liga Nacional de Baloncesto (Brasil). Para el partido fue utilizada una filmadora, posicionada en el punto más alto de la gradería y siete transmisores de FC, sincronizados con el tiempo de un cronómetro digital y posteriormente, por análisis de video, con las acciones del juego. Fue considerado PD cuando el jugador participó o se movió para participar efectivamente de la acción; y PI cuando el jugador no participó o no se movió. Fue observado decrécimo >5% en el %FC entre la PD y la PI. La PI en las acciones del juego atiende las situaciones tácticas, puede permitir mayor recuperación y contribuir con el desarrollo en elevada intensidad en las acciones del juego. 
Análisis de indicadores técnicos que discriminan equipos ganadores y perdedores en el nuevo Baloncesto Brasil
Authors: Prochnow R. A. , Reale V. M. C. , Santos Y. Y. S , Monezi L. A. , Mercadante L. A.
Published: May 2018

El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar cuales son los indicadores técnicos que diferencian a los equipos ganadores de perdedores en el baloncesto de Brasil Nueva (NBB) y en cada una de las siete temporadas analizadas.  El objetivo específico fue verificar en el análisis discriminante el efecto de la normalización de los indicadores técnicos por el número de ataques.  La muestra fue de 1912 partidos de temporadas entre 2008 y 2015 de la NBB.  La tasa de éxito de la función discriminante fue de cerca de 82%, sin diferencia sustancial entre el análisis con los indicadores técnicos normalizados y no normalizados.  Los indicadores que discriminan el equipo ganador del perdedor en todos los juegos fueron los rebotes defensivos y asistencias.  No se encontraron otros indicadores relacionados con el rodaje de dos y tres puntos en las diferentes estaciones.
Phylotocol: Promoting transparency and overcoming bias in phylogenetics
Authors: Ryan Joseph F , DeBiasse Melissa B
Published: May 2018

Research products that lack transparency and are influenced by confirmation bias lead to barriers that, when left unchecked, propagate throughout the scientific record and lead to wasted research effort. Phylogenetics is particularly vulnerable given its ever-evolving methodology and wide choice of options for conducting analyses. Great strides in transparency have been achieved in clinical research by the implementation of a priori protocols. Here we propose a similar approach—phylotocol—a straightforward, protocol-driven strategy tailored to the needs of phylogenetic studies. We provide a simple template and offer a flexible range of implementation frameworks, including preregistration options. Besides increasing transparency and accountability, phylotocol has the added benefits of improving study design and reproducibility, enhancing collaboration and education, and increasing the likelihood of project completion. The increased transparency afforded by wide adoption of an a priori system like phylotocol would have extensive benefits to science.
Emerging Inclusive Education in the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Rodriguez Jacqueline A. , Dieker Lisa A.
Published: May 2018

For refugee children with disabilities, international agencies provide largely humanitarian assistance, including education. However, the obstacles associated with refugee existence can impede progress in the movement towards educating children with disabilities in inclusive settings. This literature review summarizes the historical progression towards inclusive education for the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA). Historical perspectives of inclusion are presented for this region and discussed in relation to policy and potential implications for teaching practice. Catalysts for change in the region, and specifically within UNRWA, are described, and actors involved in improving education for all children are presented. Finally, the emergence of inclusive education within UNRWA is described in the context of policy and programming change.
Effects of a Tailored Incredible Years Teacher Classroom Management Programme on On-Task Behaviour of School Children with ADHD in Addis Ababa
Authors: Mohammed Feruz
Published: May 2018

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a persistent pattern of behaviours characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. This study evaluates the effects of a tailored Incredible Years Teacher Classroom Management (IYTCM) programme aimed to improve participating children's on-task behaviour in a group of 6 to 10 year old children with ADHD in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The effectiveness of the IYTCM programme has been extensively examined for children with conduct disorder and/or behaviour and emotional issues, but not specifically with children with ADHD. In the present study, the effects of the IYTCM were examined on individual children with ADHD symptoms. Nine children identified with ADHD symptoms on the basis of teacher and parent reports of behaviour and nine normative comparison children were also selected from the same classrooms. Ten teachers received the tailored IYTCM-ADHD training for about 36 hours. A single-subject design was implemented to record the behaviour changes over time: at baseline, during teacher training with the IYTCM-ADHD programme, and at both immediate and long-term follow-ups. In addition to visual analysis, a non-parametric test was used to examine the magnitude of effect in each child. The result of the study indicated that the on-task behaviour of participating children with ADHD increased by the conclusion of the study ranging from 46% to 100%. Visual analysis also indicated that the children's behaviour was maintained during the follow-up phases. The pre- and post-intervention analyses of children with ADHD showed a significant effect of the intervention on each child. In light of the findings, limitations and implications for future research are discussed.