bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cryo-derived plants through embryogenesis showed same levels of vinblastine and vincristine (anticancer) in Catharanthus roseus and had normal genome size
Authors: Mujib A. , Fatima Samar , Malik Moien Qadir
Published: October 2022

Cryopreservation of rare plant materials is an important approach for preserving germplasms and is a good added concept to tissue banking. The preservation of embryogenic cell suspensions is even more valuable as the tissues facilitate in producing millions of embryos, plantlets and generates transgenics en masse.Catharanthus roseusis a medicinally important plant that produces a variety of anticancerous phytocompounds and needs conservation of alkaloid producing cell lines. In this study, embryogenic tissue banking has been attempted inC. roseusby the two-step cryopreservation method combining cryoprotection and dehydration. Prior to plunging into liquid nitrogen (LN), the tissues were exposed to osmotic—and cryoprotective agents. Two osmotic agents (sugar and sorbitol) and three cryoprotective compounds, polyethylene glycol (PEG), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and glycerol were used at varying concentrations to protect cells from freezing damages. Both sucrose and sorbitol increased callus biomass post-cryopreservation; the influence of sucrose was however, more prominent. Embryogenic tissue treated in medium with 0.4 M sucrose for 2 days followed by 5% PEG for 2 h showed maximum viability before (83%) and after (55%) cryopreservation, high regrowth percentage (77%) and produced an average 9 cell colonies per Petri dish. Additionally, dehydration (1–5 h) was tested to reduce water content for improving viability and regrowth of cryopreserved embryogenic cells. Among the various tested cryoprotective conditions, the highest (72%) viability was observed following the combination of treatments with 0.4 M sucrose (2 days),10% PEG (2 h) and dehydration (2 h). Maximum regrowth percentage (88%) and 12 colonies/petri dish was noted in combination of 0.4 M sucrose + 5% PEG. The cryopreserved calli differentiated into somatic embryos (52.78–54.33 globular embryos/callus mass) in NAA (0.5 mg/l) and BAP (0.5–1.0 mg/l) added media. Plantlets were successfully regenerated from cryopreserved tissue and the 2C DNA was estimated through flow cytometry. The genome size of cryopreserved regenerant was 1.51 pg/2C, which is similar to field-grownCatharanthusplants. Vinblastine and vincristine levels were nearly the same in mother plant’s and frozen (cryopreserved) leaf tissue. The post cryopreservation embryogenesis protocol may be used for continuous production of plants for future applications.
Intraspecies characterization of bacteria via evolutionary modeling of protein domains
Authors: Budimir Iva , Giampieri Enrico , Saccenti Edoardo , Suarez-Diez Maria , Tarozzi Martina , Dall’Olio Daniele , Merlotti Alessandra , Curti Nico , Remondini Daniel , Castellani Gastone , Sala Claudia
Published: October 2022

The ability to detect and characterize bacteria within a biological sample is crucial for the monitoring of infections and epidemics, as well as for the study of human health and its relationship with commensal microorganisms. To this aim, a commonly used technique is the 16S rRNA gene targeted sequencing. PCR-amplified 16S sequences derived from the sample of interest are usually clustered into the so-called Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) based on pairwise similarities. Then, representative OTU sequences are compared with reference (human-made) databases to derive their phylogeny and taxonomic classification. Here, we propose a new reference-free approach to define the phylogenetic distance between bacteria based on protein domains, which are the evolving units of proteins. We extract the protein domain profiles of 3368 bacterial genomes and we use an ecological approach to model their Relative Species Abundance distribution. Based on the model parameters, we then derive a new measurement of phylogenetic distance. Finally, we show that such model-based distance is capable of detecting differences between bacteria in cases in which the 16S rRNA-based method fails, providing a possibly complementary approach , which is particularly promising for the analysis of bacterial populations measured by shotgun sequencing.
Influence of Ru on structure and corrosion behavior of passive film on Ti-6Al-4V alloy in oil and gas exploration conditions
Authors: Liu Qiang , Liu Hongtao , Xie Junfeng , Zhang Wei-fu , Zhang Yi-ming , Feng Chun , Li Guang-shan , Yu Yang , Song Sheng-yin , Yin Cheng-xian
Published: October 2022

In order to investigate the influence of minor Ru on the electrochemical behaviour and structural characteristics of passive films on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloys under various oil and gas exploration conditions, electrochemical techniques, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and corrosion simulation tests were carried out. The results revealed that the oil and gas exploration conditions had a serious impact on the electrochemical behaviour and corrosion resistance of the tested alloys. The passivation film resistance and corrosion potential of the tested titanium alloys were significantly reduced with increasing acidity and temperature. With the addition of minor ruthenium, the potential of the passive film on the Ti-6Al-4V-0.11Ru alloy surface increased because of the high surface potential of the ruthenium element. The contents of metallic ruthenium and tetravalent titanium oxide TiO2in the surface film of the Ti-6Al-4V-0.11Ru alloy both increased with increasing temperature, which led to increase the thickness, stability, corrosion resistance and repairability of the passive film on the surface of the Ti-6Al-4V-0.11Ru alloy being better than those qualities of Ti-6Al-4V. These results were also confirmed by corrosion simulation tests.
Trends in concurrent tobacco use and heavy drinking among individuals 15 years and older in Mongolia
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl
Published: October 2022

The study aimed to evaluate trends in the prevalence and correlates of current tobacco use only (= CT), current heavy drinking only (= CHD), and current tobacco use and current heavy drinking (= CTHD) in people 15 years and older from 2009 to 2019 in Mongolia. Cross-sectional data were analyzed from 5,438 individuals (15–64 years) of the Mongolia STEPS 2009 survey, 6,013 (15–69 years) of the Mongolia STEPS 2013 survey, and 6,654 persons (15–69 years) of the Mongolia STEPS 2019 survey and responded to questions about substance use, other health risk behaviours and physical measurements. Trend analysis shows that the prevalence of CT increased from 14.4% in 2009 to 15.3% in 2019, and the prevalence of CHD significantly decreased from 13.3% in 2009 to 10.3% in 2019, and the prevalence of CTHD significantly decreased from 14.2% in 2009 to 9.4% in 2019. Middle and older age, male sex (13 times higher for CT, 3.4 times higher for CHD, and 28 times higher for CTHD) and high physical activity significantly increased the odds of CT, CHD and CTHD. Higher education decreased the odds of CT but increased the odds of CHD. Urban residence was positively associated with CT, and among women with CTHD. Underweight decreased the odds of CT, CHD, and CTHD, and obesity decreased the odds of CT and CTHD and increased the odds of CHD. Hypertension was positively associated with CHD and CTHD, while sedentary behaviour was positively associated with CT and CTHD. Being Khalkh by ethnicity increased the odds of CT and inadequate fruit and vegetable intake increased the odds of CHD. More than one in six persons 15 years and older engaged in CT and more than one in ten engaged in CHD and CTHD. Several sociodemographic factors, such as male sex and middle and/or older age, and health variables, such as obesity and hypertension for CHD, were identified associated with CT, CHD, and CTHD that can help in guiding public interventions.
24-h movement behaviours in Spanish youth before and after 1-year into the covid-19 pandemic and its relationship to academic performance
Authors: Tapia-Serrano Miguel Angel , Sánchez-Oliva David , Sevil-Serrano Javier , Marques Adilson , Sánchez-Miguel Pedro Antonio
Published: October 2022

Most studies have shown a decline in the adherence to 24-Hour Movement Guidelines because of Covid-19 lockdown. However, there is little evidence regarding changes 1-year after the pandemic in these guidelines and their possible impact on academic performance. The study aims were: (1) to examine the possible changes in 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for youth (i.e., at least 60 min per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, ≤ 2 h per day of recreational screen time, and 9 to 11 h of sleep per day for children and 8 to 10 h for adolescents) before and after 1-year into the Covid-19 pandemic, and (2) to examine the possible changes in the relationship between 24-Hour Movement Behaviours (physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration) and academic performance before and after 1-year into the Covid-19. This is a repeated cross-sectional study in two different samples of young Spanish at different times. Firstly, a total of 844 students (13.12 ± 0.86; 42.7% girls) completed a series of valid and reliable questionnaires about physical activity levels, recreational screen time, sleep duration and academic performance before Covid-19 pandemic (March to June 2018). Secondly, a different sample of 501 students (14.39 ± 1.16; 55.3% girls) completed the same questionnaires 1-year after Covid-19 pandemic (February to March 2021). Adherence to the three 24-Hour Movement Guidelines was significantly lower 1-year after into the Covid-19 pandemic (0.2%) than before the pandemic (3.3%), while adherence to none of these three recommendations was significantly higher 1-year after the Covid-19 pandemic (66.3%) than before the pandemic (28.9%). The positive relationship between physical activity levels and academic performance was no longer significant after 1-year into Covid-19 pandemic (β = − 0.26;p < 0.001). 1-year after Covid-19 pandemic, the relationship between recreational screen time (β = − 0.05;p > 0.05) and sleep duration (β = 0.05;p < 0.001) with academic performance did not change compared to pre-pandemic. The results suggest that 24-Hour Movement Behaviours have worsened among young people 1-year after Covid-19 pandemic compared to pre-pandemic period. Moreover, the physical activity benefits associated in terms of academic performance seem to have disappeared because of the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, there is a public health problem that requires priority and coordinated action by schools, policy makers, and researchers to mitigate the adverse effects of the pandemic on 24-Hour Movement Behaviours.
Tracing embodied word production in persons with Parkinson’s disease in distinct motor conditions
Authors: Klostermann Fabian , Wyrobnik Michelle , Boll Moritz , Ehlen Felicitas , Tiedt Hannes Ole
Published: October 2022

Embodied cognition theories posit direct interactions between sensorimotor and mental processing. Various clinical observations have been interpreted in this controversial framework, amongst others, low verb generation in word production tasks performed by persons with Parkinson’s disease (PD). If this were the consequence of reduced motor simulation of prevalent action semantics in this word class, reduced PD pathophysiology should result in increased verb production and a general shift of lexical contents towards particular movement-related meanings. 17 persons with PD and bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subhtalamic nucleus (STN) and 17 healthy control persons engaged in a semantically unconstrained, phonemic verbal fluency task, the former in both DBS-off and DBS-on states. The analysis referred to the number of words produced, verb use, and the occurrence of different dimensions of movement-related semantics in the lexical output. Persons with PD produced fewer words than controls. In the DBS-off, but not in the DBS-on condition, the proportion of verbs within this reduced output was lower than in controls. Lowered verb production went in parallel with a semantic shift: in persons with PD in the DBS-off, but not the DBS-on condition, the relatedness of produced words to own body-movement was lower than in controls. In persons with PD, DBS induced-changes of the motor condition appear to go along with formal and semantic shifts in word production. The results are compatible with the idea of some impact of motor system states on lexical processing.
Calcaneofibular ligament may act as a tensioner of peroneal tendons as revealed by a contactless three-dimensional scan system on cadavers
Authors: Yoshizuka Hisayoshi , Kuraoka Akio
Published: October 2022

The ligaments are believed to have a role in stabilizing joints and regulating joint motion. Here, we propose a novel function of the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL), which stabilizes the ankle joint. In human bipedal locomotion, the peroneal muscles maintain mediolateral stability and prevent involuntary ankle inversion. To investigate the functional relationship between the peroneal longus tendon (PLT), brevis tendon (PBT), and CFL, we quantitatively analyzed the positional changes of the tendons by using a contactless three-dimensional optical scan system. Eighteen cadaveric specimens were included in the study. Interestingly, with increased tension of the CFL, the tendons significantly moved toward the lateral direction (P < 0.001), compared with their position when the CFL was detached. The actual lift amount reached 2.0 ± 0.8 mm for the PLT and 1.9 ± 1.0 mm for the PBT. These results strongly suggest that a tensed CFL can lift the peroneal tendons and may act as a “tensioner” for the effective transmission of muscle contraction. This phenomenon contributes to postural control, especially in regaining balance on uneven terrain, and provides a new perspective for the exercise methods or understanding the ankle joint instability due to sprains.
Secretion of IL-6 by fibroblasts exposed to Australian honeys involves lipopolysaccharide and is independent of floral source
Authors: Russell Fraser D. , Visagie Jeanne C. , Noll Jamie L.
Published: October 2022

Honey stimulates cellular secretion of cytokines, which has been attributed to activation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-dependent and LPS-independent pathways. The objective of this study was to identify whether LPS is present in Australian honey samples at levels that can stimulate interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion by fibroblasts and whether it can transduce cell signalling by activating toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). IL-6 was measured in culture media of fibroblasts exposed to honey for 24 h. LPS was detected in a 0.125 mg/mL solution of grey ironbark honey (0.61 ± 0.05 ng/g honey). TLR4 signalling was observed in RAW264.7 macrophages that were exposed to honey and this was prevented by preincubating the honey with the LPS-neutralising agent, polymyxin B. Australian Eucalyptus, Leptospermum and Cyathode honeys stimulated IL-6 secretion in cultured human dermal fibroblasts. To examine whether the response was dependent on floral source, fibroblasts were exposed to four different samples of grey ironbark honey obtained from Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. The magnitude of the cytokine response to these honeys was highly varied. We conclude that Australian honeys contain endotoxin at levels that can stimulate IL-6 secretion by fibroblasts and that signalling in macrophages involves TLR4 activation. The IL-6 secretory response was independent of floral source.
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis mortality according to clinical and point of care ultrasound features in Mozambique
Authors: Nacarapa Edy , Munyangaju Isabelle , Osório Dulce , Zindoga Pereira , Mutaquiha Claudia , Jose Benedita , Macuacua Artur , Chongo Bartolomeu , de-Almeida Marcelo , Verdu Maria-Elisa , Ramos-Rincon Jose-Manuel
Published: October 2022

In resource-limited settings, point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has great potential to support the timely diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). We aim to determine the in-hospital mortality due to EPTB according to clinical and POCUS features and risk factors in newly diagnosed patients hospitalized for EPTB in Chókwè district, Mozambique. We analyzed routinely collected data from paper medical files and electronic POCUS records of EPTB in infected patients aged 15 years or older and admitted to Carmelo Hospital of Chókwè from 2016 to 2020. Kaplan–Meier survival curves and adjusted Cox regression analyses were used to model predictors of mortality and time to death. The 390 included in-patients with EPTB and POCUS data contributed a total of 6240 in-hospital person-days of observation. The overall mortality rate was 2.16 per 100 person-days. Adjusted Cox regression showed a higher risk of death in those with abdominal tenderness (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–2.82, p = 0.050), antiretroviral treatment (ART) for more than 90 days (aHR 4.03, 95% CI 1.50–10.78, p = 0.006), and mixed patterns on kidney POCUS (aHR 2.91, 95% CI 1.38–6.10, p = 0.005). An optimal immunovirological response to ART was a protective factor against death [aHR] 0.12, 95% CI 0.04–0.35, p < 0.001). Variables associated with an increased risk of death were male gender, abdominal pain, ART for more than three months (with immunovirological failure or non-response to ART) and having a mixed pattern of kidney POCUS characteristics. Early detection of these risk factors may have a direct impact on reducing TB mortality, and the POCUS approach as a complementary diagnostic method for EPTB provides a simple, feasible and affordable intervention in resource-limited settings like Mozambique.
Myeloid cell-specific ablation of Runx2 gene exacerbates post-infarct cardiac remodeling
Authors: Tomimatsu Masashi , Matsumoto Kotaro , Ashizuka Moe , Kumagai Shohei , Tanaka Shota , Nakae Takafumi , Yokota Kosei , Kominami Shunsuke , Kajiura Ryota , Okuzaki Daisuke , Motooka Daisuke , Shiraishi Aki , Abe Takaya , Matsuda Hideo , Okada Yoshiaki , Maeda Makiko , Seno Shigeto , Obana Masanori , Fujio Yasushi
Published: October 2022

Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), a regulator of osteoblast differentiation, is pathologically involved in vascular calcification; however, the significance of Runx2 in cardiac homeostasis remains unclear. Here, we investigated the roles of Runx2 in cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). The expression of Runx2 mRNA and protein was upregulated in murine hearts after MI. Runx2 was expressed in heart-infiltrating myeloid cells, especially in macrophages, at the border zone of post-infarct myocardium. To analyze the biological functions of Runx2 in cardiac remodeling, myeloid cell-specific Runx2 deficient (CKO) mice were exposed to MI. After MI, ventricular weight/tibia length ratio was increased in CKO mice, concomitant with severe cardiac dysfunction. Cardiac fibrosis was exacerbated in CKO mice, consistent with the upregulation of collagen 1a1 expression. Mechanistically, immunohistochemical analysis using anti-CD31 antibody showed that capillary density was decreased in CKO mice. Additionally, conditioned culture media of myeloid cells from Runx2 deficient mice exposed to MI induced the tube formation of vascular endothelial cells to a lesser extent than those from control mice. RNA-sequence showed that the expression of pro-angiogenic or anti-angiogenic factors was altered in macrophages from Runx2-deficient mice. Collectively, Runx2+ myeloid cells infiltrate into post-infarct myocardium and prevent adverse cardiac remodeling, at least partially, by regulating endothelial cell function.
Transient response of bridge piers under eccentric impact of near-fault earthquake
Authors: Wang Zihu , Zeng Qingyan , Du Yantao , An Wenjun
Published: October 2022

To study the influence of near-fault earthquake on pier failure, establish a double-span continuous girder bridge. The seismic response of the bridge is calculated using the transient wave function expansion method and the indirect mode function superposition method. Solve the dynamic and displacement responses, and the effect of the vertical separation of the bridge on the eccentric compression of the pier is analyzed. The results show that under the near-fault vertical seismic action, the separation can significantly change the horizontal deformation at the top of the pier, and neglecting the separation may underestimate the eccentric compression of the pier. Calculations for different pier heights and girder spans show that separation has a greater effect on the longitudinal deformation of the pier top. Therefore, the reasonable design of longitudinal limit device on pier top in the near-fault area is helpful to reduce the damage of eccentric bridge impact.
Extracranial arteriovenous malformations demonstrate dysregulated TGF-β/BMP signaling and increased circulating TGF-β1
Authors: Wei Ting , Richter Gresham T. , Zhang Haihong , Sun Ravi W. , Smith Conor H. , Strub Graham M.
Published: October 2022

Extracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are characterized by anomalous arterial-to-venous connections, aberrant angiogenesis, local inflammation and hypoxia, and disorganized histological architecture; however, the precise molecular perturbations leading to this phenotype remain elusive. We hypothesized that extracranial AVM tissue would demonstrate deregulation of the TGF-β/BMP signaling pathway, which may serve as a potential target in the development of molecular-based therapies for AVMs. AVM tissue was harvested during resection from 10 patients with AVMs and compared to control tissue. Blood was collected from 14 AVM patients and 10 patients without AVMs as controls. Expression of TGF-β/BMP pathway components was analyzed using RT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Circulating levels of TGF-β1 were analyzed by ELISA. Paired t tests were utilized to perform statistical analysis. The mRNA levels of TGF-β1, ALK1, Endoglin (ENG), Smad6, Smad7, and Smad8 were significantly elevated in AVM tissue when compared to controls. Protein levels of TGF-β1 and Smad3 were elevated in AVM tissue while protein levels of BMP-9, ALK1, Smad1, Smad6, and Smad8 were significantly decreased in AVMs. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated increased TGF-β1 in the perivascular cells of AVMs compared to normal controls, and circulating levels of TGF-β1 were significantly higher in AVM patients. Patients with AVMs demonstrate aberrant TGF-β/BMP expression in AVM tissue and blood compared to controls. Targeting aberrantly expressed components of the TGF-β/BMP pathway in extracranial AVMs may be a viable approach in the development of novel molecular therapies, and monitoring circulating TGF-β1 levels may be a useful indicator of treatment success.
Small-scale fisheries contribution to food and nutrition security—a case study from Norway
Authors: Kjellevold Marian , Kuhnle Grethe Aa. , Iversen Svein A. , Markhus Maria W. , Mancha-Cisneros Maria del Mar , Gorelli Giulia , Nedreaas Kjell
Published: October 2022

The Nordic food systems have not been able to reduce the negative development of non-communicable nutrition-related diseases. A shift from a terrestrial animal-based diet toward aquatic foods may enhance the quality of the overall diet and at the same time contribute to climate change mitigation. The aim of the present study is to quantify catches from the Norwegian small-scale fisheries (SSF), compare the catches to recommended dietary intakes, and assess the potential contribution of SSF to local food and nutrition security (FNS). The Norwegian SSF catches are landed in Norway, and thus highly accessible in times of crisis. Here we show that the Norwegian SSF can provide a population of 5 million people with 1–2 portions of seafood weekly (360 g), corresponding to ~70–96% of the recommended intake/person/year of the key nutrients such as vitamin B12, iodine, and the n-3 long-chained poly-unsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid. These findings provide a basis for policymakers on the potential of the SSF to substantially contribute to national FNS. We call for a more offensive policy where fish as a source of essential micronutrients are implemented in food-based dietary guidelines as an alternative to supplement and fortify other foods.
An anticoagulant/hemostatic indwelling needle for oral glucose tolerance test
Authors: Nie Xiongfeng , Cui Chunyan , Wu Tengling , Wu Yang , Bian Xinyu , Yang Rong , Zhang Xiaoping , Sun Yage , Liu Yang , Liu Wenguang
Published: October 2022

Anticoagulant/hemostatic indwelling needles developed by polydopamine co-deposition and underwater hyperbranched polymer adhesive priming monitor changes in blood glucose concentration in diabetic rats.
Theoretical study of p-block metal–nitrogen–carbon single-atom catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Hu Hao , Zhang Peng , Xiao Bei-Bei , Mi Jian-Li
Published: October 2022

A ‘double-peak’ ORR volcano plot is found for the p-block metal–nitrogen–carbon catalysts by considering both pristine and OH* self-modifying sites.
Effect of calcination temperature on the Cu–ZrO2 interfacial structure and its catalytic behavior in the hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate
Authors: Xu Yuxi , Huang Huijiang , Kong Lingxin , Ma Xinbin
Published: October 2022

The 5 wt% Cu/ZrO2 catalysts showed satisfying performance in DMO hydrogenation to EG via simply tuning the calcination temperature. The synergistic effect of the Cu0–Cu+–ZrO2 interface in activating H2 molecules and carbonyl bonds was elucidated.
MOF-coated upconversion nanoconstructs for synergetic photo-chemodynamic/oxygen-elevated photodynamic therapy
Authors: Chu Huiyuan , Li Yameng , Wang Chaozhan , Shen Ji-Wei , Wei Yinmao
Published: October 2022

Sequential O2-carrying perfluorocarbons and Fe/Cu bimetallic MOF coatings onto 808 nm driven upconversion nanoparticles were applied to realize efficient synergetic photochemodynamic therapy/oxygen-elevated photodynamic therapy.
Enantiomeric pairs of copper(ii) complexes with tridentate Schiff bases derived from R- and S-methionine: the role of decorating organic groups of the ligand in crystal packing and biological activity
Authors: Maxim Catalin , Ene Cristian D. , Nicolau Ioana , Ruta Lavinia L. , Farcasanu Ileana C.
Published: October 2022

The response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to copper(ii) complexes with Schiff bases containing salicylimine and R/S-methionine moieties is influenced by chirality and the nature and position of the additional substituents on the aromatic ring.
Stannylene cyanide and its use as a cyanosilylation catalyst
Authors: Singh Vivek Kumar , Joshi Prakash Chandra , Kumar Hemant , Siwatch Rahul Kumar , Jha Chandan Kumar , Nagendran Selvarajan
Published: October 2022

The usefulness of stannylene cyanide (ATISnCN (5); ATI = aminotroponiminate) as a catalyst for the cyanosilylation of aldehydes is demonstrated.
Electrochemical control of emission enhancement in solid-state nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots
Authors: Huang Yihuai , Huang Bo , Zhang Huichao , Lu Xinmiao , Zhang Yu , Gao Xiumin , Zhuang Songlin
Published: October 2022

Electrochemical control of emission enhancement in solid-state nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots through weakening π–π stacking effect after electrochemical charge injection.
Ferrocene as a potential electrochemical reporting surrogate of abasic sites in DNA
Authors: Figazzolo Chiara , Ma Yifeng , Tucker James H. R. , Hollenstein Marcel
Published: October 2022

We have evaluated the possibility of replacing abasic sites with ferrocene for enzymatic synthesis of canonical and modified DNA.
Radical–radical coupling effects in the direct-growth grafting-through synthesis of bottlebrush polymers using RAFT and ROMP
Authors: Alaboalirat Mohammed , Vu Clark , Matson John B.
Published: October 2022

The direct-growth technique was used to synthesize macromonomers from four classes of vinyl monomers, and the influence of monomer type and conversion on coupling reactions was followed in grafting-through ring-opening metathesis polymerization.
A palladium catalyzed stereo-convergent aminocarbonylation of 1,3-dienes with nitroarenes: synthesis of (E,E)-dienamides
Authors: Lu Jin-Liang , Kang Yun , Zhang Zhi , Huang Yin-Ai , Tan Lu-Qi , Zhang Xiang-Zhi , Peng Jin-Bao
Published: October 2022

A palladium catalyzed stereo-convergent aminocarbonylation of 1,3-dienes with nitroarenes has been developed. The reaction of mixtrues of E/Z isomers of 1,3-dienes reacted with nitroarenes and produced (E,E)-dienamides with high stereoselectivities.
A colorimetric sensing platform for the determination of H2O2 using 2D–1D MoS2-CNT nanozymes
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wang Siqin , Dao Jiahao , Guo Jiajing , Gao Yanfang
Published: October 2022

A novel colorimetric platform based on 2D–1D MoS2-CNT nanozymes, was fabricated for the selective and sensitive determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in soda water.
Bioorthogonal site-selective conjugation of fluorescent dyes to antibodies: method and potential applications
Authors: Grossenbacher Philipp , Essers Maria C. , Moser Joël , Singer Simon A. , Häusler Stephanie , Stieger Bruno , Rougier Jean-Sébastien , Lochner Martin
Published: October 2022

Several synthetic fluorescent dibromopyridazinediones were conjugated site-selectively to IgG1 antibodies to generate imaging tools for western blot and immunofluorescence applications.
Preparation and electrical properties of inorganic electride [Y2Ti2O6]2+(2e−)
Authors: Liu Yong , Wei Hengwei , Wang Xiaoming , Jiao Huan , Jing Xiping
Published: October 2022

Electride [Y2Ti2O6]2+(2e−) was prepared by solid reducing processes, which was characterized by XRD, TG and EPR. The electride has high conductivity (1.09 S cm−1 at 300 K).
pH-Dependent transport of amino acids across lipid bilayers by simple monotopic anion carriers
Authors: Maslowska-Jarzyna Krystyna , Bąk Krzysztof M. , Zawada Bartłomiej , Chmielewski Michał J.
Published: October 2022

Even simple monotopic anion receptors can efficiently transport amino acids across lipid bilayers at physiological pH, despite being unable to bind their cationic NH3+ groups. This was rationalised by mechanistic studies using a new fluorescent assay.
Base-triggerable lauryl sarcosinate–dodecyl sulfate catanionic liposomes: structure, biophysical characterization, and drug entrapment/release studies
Authors: Ravindar Chinapaka , Reddy S. Thirupathi , Sivaramakrishna Dokku , Damera Deepthi Priyanka , Swamy Musti J.
Published: October 2022

Equimolar mixtures of oppositely charged single-chain amphiphiles lauryl sarcosinate and dodecyl sulfate form vesicles, which can potentially be used in drug delivery applications.
Flow-driven synthesis of calcium phosphate–calcium alginate hybrid chemical gardens
Authors: Zahorán Réka , Kumar Pawan , Juhász Ádám , Horváth Dezső , Tóth Ágota
Published: October 2022

Pure calcium alginate chemical garden and calcium phosphate–calcium alginate hybrid membranes with well-defined properties are developed via flow-injection technique.
Thermoelectric properties of high-performance n-type lead telluride measured
insitu in a nuclear reactor core
Authors: Kempf Nicholas , Luo Zhong-Zhen , Xie Hongyao , Daw Joshua , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Zhang Yanliang
Published: October 2022

Thermoelectric properties measured in situ in the core of a nuclear
reactor. High-performing thermoelectric material is tolerant to in-core
irradiation.
Tape-cast Ce-substituted Li7La3Zr2O12 electrolyte for improving electrochemical performance of solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Rath Purna Chandra , Jheng Yu-Syuan , Chen Cheng-Chia , Tsai Chih-Long , Su Yu-Sheng , Yang Chun-Chen , Eichel Rüdiger-A. , Hsieh Chien-Te , Lee Tai-Chou , Chang Jeng-Kuei
Published: October 2022

Li7La3Zr2−xCexO12 (x = 0–0.15) garnet and a tape casting process are developed to increase electrolyte Li+ conductivity and reduce the interface resistance, which significantly improve the performance of solid-state lithium-metal batteries.
Beyond Speech Intelligibility: Quantifying Behavioral and Perceived Listening Effort in Response to Dysarthric Speech
Authors: Fletcher Annalise R. , Wisler Alan A. , Gruver Emily R. , Borrie Stephanie A.
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

This study investigated whether listener processing of dysarthric speech requires the recruitment of more cognitive resources (i.e., higher levels of listening effort) than neurotypical speech. We also explored relationships between behavioral listening effort, perceived listening effort, and objective measures of word transcription accuracy.

Method:

A word recall paradigm was used to index behavioral listening effort. The primary task involved word transcription, whereas a memory task involved recalling words from previous sentences. Nineteen listeners completed the paradigm twice, once while transcribing dysarthric speech and once while transcribing neurotypical speech. Perceived listening effort was rated using a visual analog scale.

Results:

Results revealed significant effects of dysarthria on the likelihood of correct word recall, indicating that the transcription of dysarthric speech required higher levels of behavioral listening effort relative to neurotypical speech. There was also a significant relationship between transcription accuracy and measures of behavioral listening effort, such that listeners who were more accurate in understanding dysarthric speech exhibited smaller changes in word recall when listening to dysarthria. The subjective measure of perceived listening effort did not have a statistically significant correlation with measures of behavioral listening effort or transcription accuracy.

Conclusions:

Results suggest that cognitive resources, particularly listeners' working memory capacity, are more taxed when deciphering dysarthric versus neurotypical speech. An increased demand on these resources may affect a listener's ability to remember aspects of their conversations with people with dysarthria, even when the speaker is fully intelligible.
Spectral Aggregate of the High-Passed Fundamental Frequency and Its Relationship to the Primary Acoustic Features of Adductor Laryngeal Dystonia
Authors: Marks Katherine L. , Feaster Taylor F. , Baker Sarah , Díaz-Cádiz Manuel E. , Doyle Philip C. , Stepp Cara E.
Published: October 2022

Objective:

Currently, no clinically feasible objective measures exist that are specific to the signs of adductor laryngeal dystonia (LD), deterring effective diagnosis and treatment. This project sought to establish concurrent validity of a new automated acoustic outcome measure, designed to be specific to adductor laryngeal dystonia (AdLD): the spectral aggregate of the high-passed fundamental frequency contour (SAH
f
o
).

Method:

Twenty speakers with AdLD read voiced phoneme-loaded (more symptomatic) and voiceless phoneme-loaded (less symptomatic) sentences. LD discontinuities (defined as phonatory breaks, frequency shifts, and creak), the acoustic ramifications of laryngeal spasms, were manually identified. The frequency content of the
f
o
contour was examined as a function of time, and content above 1000 Hz was summed to automatically calculate SAH
f
o
. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to SAH
f
o
based on LD discontinuities and sentence type (voiced or voiceless phoneme-loaded).

Results:

The regression model accounted for 41.1% of the variance in SAH
f
o
. Both the LD discontinuities and sentence type were statistically related to SAH
f
o
.

Conclusion:

Results of this study provide evidence of concurrent validity. SAH
f
o
is an automatic outcome measure specific to acoustic signs of AdLD that may be useful to track treatment progress.
The performance analysis of the low‐speed direct‐drive generators for harvesting current energy
Authors: Chen Po‐Yu , Lee Kung‐Yen , Huang Po‐Chun , Li Jia‐Han , Chiu Forng‐Chen , Tsai Jing‐Fa , Hsu Shu‐Ting
Published: October 2022

The simulations and experiments for two 400 W low‐speed direct‐drive permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) installed in a Floating Kuroshio Turbine (FKT) were implemented. The towing tank experiments were carried out at National Taiwan University. A generator can start to harvest current energy at the rotation speed of 30 rpm (corresponding to the current flow rate of 0.36 m/s), and produce the rated power of 400 W at 150 rpm. The speed is very low compared with the published reports. The energy conversion efficiency of the FKT is up to 0.85. The results show that the generated direct current (DC) power is more than 800 W at a flow rate of 1.5 m/s. The power coefficient for the FKT is about 0.4. The energy loss at each stage and the power difference between the testing platform and the towing tank experiment were also analyzed. Moreover, the shape of the FKT is a new design. Compared with other structures, the proposed FKT can easily follow the direction of the ocean current and the depth of the FKT can be adjustable; when it doesn’t operate, it will float on the surface so that it is easy for maintenance.
Modelling of the scandium abundance evolution in AmFm stars
Authors: Hui-Bon-Hoa A. , Alecian G. , LeBlanc F.
Published: October 2022

Context. Scandium is a key element of the Am star phenomenon since its surface under-abundance is one of the criteria that characterise such stars. Thanks to the availability of a sufficiently complete set of theoretical atomic data for this element, reliable radiative accelerations for Sc can now be computed, which allows its behaviour under the action of atomic diffusion to be modelled.

Aims. We explore the required conditions, in terms of mixing processes or mass loss, for our models to reproduce the observed surface abundances of Sc in Am stars.

Methods. The models are computed with the Toulouse-Geneva evolution code, which uses the parametric single-valued parameter method for the calculation of radiative accelerations. Fingering mixing is included, using a prescription that comes from 3D hydrodynamical simulations. Other parameter-dependent turbulent mixing processes are also considered. A global mass loss is also implemented.

Results. When no mass loss is considered, the observed abundances of Sc are rather in favour of the models whose superficial layers are fully mixed down to the iron accumulation zone, although other mixing prescriptions are also able to reproduce the observations for the most massive model presented here (2.0 M⊙). The models including mass loss with rates in the range of [10−13; 10−14] M⊙ yr−1 are compatible with some of the observations, while other observations suggest that the mass-loss rate could be lower. The constraints brought by the modelling of Sc are consistent with those derived using other chemical elements.
Do shape memory alloy cables restrain the vibrations of girder bridges? A mathematical point of view
Authors: Régnier V.
Published: October 2022

We study the energy decay of a damped Euler-Bernoulli beam which is subject to a point-wise feedback force representing a Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) cable. The problem we consider is that of the paper by [Liu et al. Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn. 17 (2017) 1750076] but, for simplicity, our mod-elization does not take into account the additional stiffness term they considered. An explicit expression is given for the resolvent of the underlying operator as well as its eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. We show the exponential decay of the energy. The fastest decay rate is given by the supremum of the real part of the spectrum of the infinitesimal generator of the underlying semigroup since we prove the existence of a Riesz basis. To the question ”Do Shape Memory Alloy cables restrain the vibrations of girder bridges?”, the experiments in [Liu et al. Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn. 17 (2017) 1750076] answer positively. Our study does not allow to give a definite answer yet. The only presence of these cables may not be enough. Some physical parameters have to be chosen carefully.
On ground state (in-)stability in multi-dimensional cubic-quintic Schrödinger equations
Authors: Carles Rémi , Klein Christian , Sparber Christof
Published: October 2022

We consider the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a focusing cubic term and a defocusing quintic nonlinearity in dimensions two and three. The main interest of this article is the problem of orbital (in-)stability of ground state solitary waves. We recall the notions of energy minimizing versus action minimizing ground states and prove that, in general, the two must be considered as nonequivalent. We numerically investigate the orbital stability of least action ground states in the radially symmetric case, confirming existing conjectures or leading to new ones.
A review on the influence of natural-synthetic fibre hybrid reinforced polymer composites for bulletproof and ballistic applications
Authors: Bichang’a Dennis O. , Alabi Oladunni O. , Oladele Isiaka O. , Aramide Fatai O. , Adediran Adeolu A. , Popoola Patricia A.I.
Published: October 2022

The past two decades have witnessed increased research in natural fibre polymer composites due to their low cost and environmental friendliness over synthetic counterparts. This has been further advanced by the global circular economy drive stressing on materials sustainability in production process. Hybridization technique has proved successful in enhancing the functional performance of natural fibre composites for advanced bulletproof and ballistic body armors applications. Laminate thickness, layering sequence, fibre loading and weaving architecture influence the ballistic performance of natural/synthetic fibre hybrid composites. Literature shows an increasing trend in research studies in natural/synthetic hybrid composites in the last twenty years to address the challenge of fibre/matrix incompatibility causing lower properties. Appropriate stacking sequence and incorporation of small quantities of nanofillers improve ballistic properties of natural fibre-based composites equivalent to synthetic-based counterparts. This paper reviews the influence of this novel class of composite materials for ballistic and bulletproof applications from 2001 to 2021.
Méthodes d’analyse des verres
Authors: Le Losq Charles , Tarrago Mariona , Blanc Wilfried , Georges Peggy , Hennet Louis , Zanghi Didier , Lelong Gérald , Pannefieu Salomé , Neuville Daniel R.
Published: October 2022

Au sein de l’industrie verrière, connaître la composition et l’état structural des verres est un enjeu important pour le contrôle qualité sur les sites de production ou encore la recherche et le développement de nouveaux produits. Dans ce chapitre, nous décrirons brièvement différentes méthodes pouvant être utilisées par l’industrie verrière pour obtenir des informations structurales, chimiques, ou encore sur la composition des infondus ou le degré d’oxydation des éléments multivalents influençant les propriétés optiques des produits finis.
Masticatory muscle tendon-aponeurosis hyperplasia: clinical presentation and management
Authors: Al Qattan Ahmed , Al Hashmi Ahmed , Al Rashdi Said
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Masseter muscle enlargement accompanied by hypertrophy of Mandibular angle can significantly affect the appearance and quality of life. The treatment methods can be varied, and, in the present study, osteotomy of Mandibular angle and treatment of Masseter muscle with Botulinum toxin was carried out. Observation: In this case study, a 19-year-old female patient was admitted with inadequate mouth opening for three years. Clinical examination and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography scan revealed bilateral well-developed Masseter muscles and hypertrophy of mandibular angle on both sides. Osteotomy of mandibular angle was performed. Additionally, 25 units of Botulinum toxin were administered. This improved the aesthetic appearance and increased the mouth opening from 21 mm to 38 mm in one year after surgery. Conclusion: Oral and maxillofacial surgeons should consider Masticatory muscle tendon-aponeurosis hyperplasia as a differential diagnosis when the patient's chief complaint is inadequate mouth-opening with a square mandible. Osteotomy of mandibular angle in conjunction with, Botulinum toxin is efficient in cases of Masseter muscle hypertrophy and an enlargement of the Mandibular angle.
Erhalt des koronaren Zugangs nach TAVI – neue Techniken und Ansätze
Authors: Afzal Shazia , Klein Kathrin , Zeus Tobias
Published: October 2022

Die Aortenklappenstenose geht häufig mit einer koronaren Herzerkrankung (KHK) einher. Der optimale Zeitpunkt der Koronarintervention ist unklar und wird in prospektiven randomisierten
Studien untersucht. Mit der Indikationsausweitung der kathetergestützten Aortenklappenimplantation (TAVI) auf Patienten mit intermediärem und niedrigen Operationsrisiko sinkt das
Durchschnittsalter des Behandlungskollektivs. Bei TAVI-Prozeduren besteht altersunabhängig das Risiko einer akuten Koronarobstruktion. Risikofaktoren für diese seltene Komplikation können in
der präprozeduralen Computertomografie (CT) detektiert und eine Präventionsstrategie kann geplant werden. Neben der möglicherweise bereits vorhandenen KHK ist insbesondere bei jüngeren
TAVI-Patienten mit der Ausbildung einer KHK in den Folgejahren zu rechnen. Diesbezüglich ist der Erhalt eines sicheren Koronarzugangs im Sinne eines medizinisch sinnvollen Lifetime
Managements wichtig. Drei Elemente greifen hier ineinander:
Resilienzförderung auf einer pädiatrischen Intensivstation
Authors: Klös Lisa
Published: October 2022

Arbeiten auf einer pädiatrischen Intensivstation – das bedeutet arbeiten unter Zeitdruck, bei hohen körperlichen und psychischen Belastungen und herausfordernden Arbeitszeiten. Medizin, Technik und Pflegestandards unterliegen einem ständigen Wandel und fordern von Intensivpflegekräften ein hohes Maß an Flexibilität und Lernbereitschaft. Was hilft beim Durchhalten?
Orale Antikoagulation nach Klappeneingriffen – Was ist der Standard?
Authors: Stark Konstantin , Massberg Steffen
Published: October 2022

Nach interventionellen Eingriffen an der Aortenklappe oder den atrioventrikulären (AV) Klappen (u. a. TAVI, M-TEER, T-TEER) wird prinzipiell eine antithrombotische Therapie empfohlen. Dabei
muss differenziert werden zwischen Patienten, für die unabhängig vom Klappeneingriff eine Indikation zur oralen Antikoagulation (OAC) besteht, meist aufgrund von Vorhofflimmern (AF), und
Patienten ohne OAC-Indikation. Mehrere randomisierte Studien konnten zeigen, dass bei AF-Patienten, die eine TAVI erhalten, eine Fortführung der OAC (Vitamin-K-Antagonisten oder NOAC) als
Monotherapie einer dualen Therapie, bestehend aus OAC plus zusätzliche Thrombozyteninhibition, überlegen ist. Andererseits ist bei TAVI-Patienten ohne vorbestehende OAC-Indikation eine
ASS-Monotherapie als postinterventionelle antithrombotische Therapie zu empfehlen. Nach segelbasierter (Edge-to-Edge) Rekonstruktion der Mitral- und Trikuspidalklappe wird bei bestehender
OAC-Indikation eine Fortsetzung der Antikoagulation empfohlen, ansonsten ASS dauerhaft mit Clopidogrel für 1–3 Monate. Die optimale antithrombotische Therapie im Kontext interventioneller
Eingriffe an den AV-Klappen ist jedoch bislang nicht in größeren randomisierten Studien untersucht.
Kardioprotektive und pleiotrope Effekte von Coenzym
Q10
Authors: Gröber Uwe , Schniertshauer Daniel , Friedrichsen Hans-Peter , Bergemann Jörg
Published: October 2022

Coenzym Q10 ist ein ubiquitäres endogenes Chinon-Derivat, das in den
biologischen Membranen der Körperzellen und als antioxidative Komponente
in zirkulierenden Lipoproteinen vorkommt. Das Vitaminoid spielt eine wichtige
Rolle bei der Energieproduktion in den Mitochondrien. Eine unzureichende
Versorgung mit Coenzym Q10, wie sie bei Erkrankungen mit oxidativem Stress
häufig vorkommt, ist mit einer allgemeinen Abnahme der psychischen und
physischen Leistungsfähigkeit verbunden. Coenzym Q10 und seine
reduzierte Form Ubiquinol haben sich mittlerweile in der Prävention und
Therapie einer Vielzahl von Erkrankungen klinisch bewährt.