bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary report on prevalence of oral cancer and precancerous lesions among dental patients in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mani N. J.
Published: May 2006

Abstract— The study consisted of 674 consecutive examinations done on patients on their first visit the College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, over a 1‐yr period starting January 1983. Men outnumbered women and 69% ofthe patients were Saudi Arabian nationals. Oral cancer was seen in one non‐Saudi, whereas the overall prevalence of leukoplakia was 1.9%. The other lesions were leukoedema 8.3%, nicotinic stomatitis 2.5%, and lichen planus 0.6%. Except for lichen planus, all the lesions were almost exclusively found in men with a close relationship to oral tobacco habits. Leukoedema, nicotinic stomatitis and leukoplakia showed a tendency to occur together in varying combinations among smokers.
Reduction of dental fear: psychophysiological correlates
Authors: Carlsson Sven G , Linde Anders , Berggren Ulf , Harrison Joel A
Published: May 2006

Abstract EMG, HR and SCR were continuously recorded during two Standardized Dental Examinations (SDE) of 15 dental phobics. Following the first SDE, the patients were assigned to two treatment groups, one receiving systematic desensitization followed by two separate amalgam restorations and one premedicated with Valium® for the two restorations. The dentist rated the patients’behavior on a 5‐point scale. Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) was used prior to the first SDE and following the second SDE. The second SDE was conducted on a separate occasion following the second restoration. No significant correlations were found between any of the physiological measures and either the dentist's ratings or the seond DAS or DAS change scores. Significant differences found between the two treatment groups on the dentist's ratings, second DAS, and change scores were not reflected by the physiological measures.
Streptococcus mutans and dental caries in urban and rural schoolchildren in Thailand
Authors: Bratthall Douglas , Serinirach Ratana , Carlsson Peter , Lekfuangfu Sompol
Published: May 2006

Abstract Two groups of Thai schoolchildren aged 11–13 yr were examined for dental caries, dental fluorosis and Streptococcus mutans. One hundred children lived in an urban district, Bangkok, and 71 children in a rural district, Petchaboon. Saliva samples were analyzed for S. mutans by the spatula method. The fluoride content of the drinking waters was also determined. The prevalence of caries, diagnosed according to WHO, was 89% in Bangkok and 18% in the rural district. Mean DMFT was 3.46 and 0.38 respectively. S. mutans was found in 98% of the urban children and in 82% of the rural. The differences in distribution between S. mutans and DMFT classes were statistically significant for the total sample. Mild fluorosis was present in some of the rural children.
Dental health behavior in a migrant perspective: use of dental services of Pakistani immigrants in Norway
Authors: Selikowitz Harry‐Sam , Hoist Dorthe
Published: May 2006

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to assess the utilization pattern of dental services in a group of Pakistani immigrants in Norway. Use was related to sociodemographic characteristics, level of urbanization in Pakistan, knowledge and belief about dental diseases and evaluated and perceived dental health. A total of 160 immigrants were clinically examined and interviewed by a structured questionnaire. The effect change analysis was performed, and separate analyses were performed for men and women. Altogether 60% had visited the dentist during the last 3 yr. While 69% coming from the cities had been to the dentist in Norway, this was the case for only 38% of those from the villages of Pakistan. Pain was given as the main reason for dental visits, and the data indicated insufficient ability to perform self‐assessment of own dental health. The independent variables could explain more of the variance in use of dental services among the Pakistani men (R2= 40%) than among the women (R2= 21%). While number of decayed teeth and level of urbanization were among the strongest predictors among the men, dental behavior in Pakistan and number of years in Norway were of importance among the women. The latter variable indicated that the women in terms of dental behavior had a higher degree of acculturation than the men, leading to a change in traditional health behavior.
Dental caries status of young children in a suburban community of Mexico City
Authors: Irigoyen Maria , Villanueva Rosina , De La Teja Eduardo
Published: May 2006

Abstract One hundred and thirty‐four children, 6 to 7 yr of age from a public school in Tepepan, Mexico were examined for the prevalence and severity of dental caries. Average deft score was 6.08 and defs was 12.15. Average DMFT and DMFS scores were .57 and .99 respectively. It was observed that 66% of primary teeth with carious lesions required one surface restoration and 11 % three or more surface restorations. In the permanent dentition 99% of the affected teeth required one surface restoration. A comparison of the results with those of the Mexico City public school children survey (1980) showed that the Tepepan children had a similar caries level in primary teeth and a lower caries level in permanent teeth. Although the Tepepan group showed fewer carious lesions, their caries index and unmet restorative index are still high, especially for primary dentition, so an intensive educational, preventive and restorative program is required.
A national survey of periodontal treatment needs of adults in the Philippines
Authors: Garcia M. L. , Cutress T. W.
Published: May 2006

Abstract 2,400 dentate adults (15 to 65 yr), representative of rural and urban areas of all twelve regions of the Philippines, were screened for their periodontal treatment needs using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN). The distribution pattern of CPITN scores for the criteria, healthy, gingival bleeding (on probing), calculus, 4–5 mm and 6 mm or deeper periodontal pockets was similar for adult populations in each of the twelve regions. Calculus predominated as the most frequently recorded score, with a prevalence exceeding 70% in young adults but decreasing to about 40% in older adults. The decrease in prevalence of calculus with age was associated with an increase in 4–5 mm pocketing, 4% in young adults and about 60% in older adults. Periodontally healthy mouths and cases of deep pocketing were relatively uncommon. The assessed treatment need was predominantly Type 2 (scaling and improved oral hygiene). Need for complex treatment (Treatment Need Type 3) was low involving only 4% of older adults. The pattern of assessed periodontal treatment needs of adults in the Philippines was indicative of endemic gingivitis and calculus and moderate to low prevalence of pocketing.
Effect of filming on tooth brushing performance in uninstructed adults in north‐east England
Authors: Macgregor Ian D. M. , Rugg‐Gunn Andrew J.
Published: May 2006

Abstract Video recordings were obtained of 90 adults aged 18–22 yr brushing their teeth. Thirty subjects were unaware they were being filmed and 60 subjects had been informed that they would be filmed while they brushed their teeth. From repeated viewing of the tapes the areas of the mouth that were brushed, the total brushing time and the proportion of time spent brushing each of 16 areas of the mouth were obtained for each subject. Subjects who knew they were being filmed brushed significantly more mandibular occlusal surfaces, and lingual areas in both arches than subjects who were unaware they were being filmed. There was no significant difference in the mean tooth brushing time between the two groups. The informed group spent proportionally less time brushing posterior buccal areas and more time on occlusal and lingual areas than the group who were unaware they were being filmed, the difference being statistically significant for the mandibular arch areas. It was concluded that knowledge of filming alters toothbrushing behaviour to a small extent so that care should be taken when interpreting behavioural changes in future intervention studies.
Distribution of developmental defects of tooth enamel by tooth‐type in 11–12‐year‐old children in South Wales
Authors: Dummer Paul M. H. , Kingdon Anne , Kingdon Ray
Published: May 2006

Abstract The distribution of enamel developmental defects in 759 11–12‐yr‐old children from South Wales is described. Overall, 8% of maxillary teeth were affected compared to 3.6% of mandibular teeth. Most teeth were affected equally on right and left sides of the mouth except for maxillary lateral incisors, which had significantly more defects on the right (P<0.05) and maxillary first molars, which had significantly more defects on the left (P<0.025). Maxillary central incisors (18.7%) were affected by enamel defects most often followed by maxillary first molars (8.1%) and maxillary lateral incisors (7.2%). The ranking order of the teeth varied when the prevalence of the different types of defects was assessed. White demarcated opacities were seen most often in maxillary central incisors (10.8%), yellow demarcated opacities in maxillary first molars (1.8%), diffuse opacities in maxillary central incisors (6.6%) and hypoplasias in mandibular first premolars (1.5%). Defects of all types occurred most frequently on the buccal surfaces of the teeth. In premolar and molar teeth more defects occurred on the occlusal surface than on the lingual.
Cross‐sectional clinical study of quality of amalgam restorations, oral health and prevalence of recurrent caries
Authors: Eriksen Harald M. , Bjertness Espen , Hansen Björn Frode
Published: May 2006

Abstract The purpose of the present cross‐sectional clinical study was to evaluate the relationship between recurrent caries prevalence, quality of class II amalgam restorations and various oral health parameters. One hundred and forty‐four randomly selected 35‐yr‐old citizens of Oslo were included in the investigation. Caries was scored based on a combined clinical and radio‐graphic examination according to the DMFS index system. Oral hygiene (OHI‐S) and periodontal index (PI) were registered, and the quality of class II amalgam restorations was ranked according to a set of occlusal index pictures. A total of 1694 class II amalgam restorations were included and 93 (5.5%) of these were affected by recurrent caries. A statistically significant correlation was found between prevalence of recurrent caries and poor oral hygiene, high Pi‐scores and prevalence of primary caries. However, a severe deterioration of the quality of amalgam restorations had to be present before a concomitant increase in recurrent caries prevalence could be registered. The present results indicate that measures improving the oral health may be of major importance in preventing recurrent caries and thereby increase the durability of amalgam restorations.
Patient involvement in oral hygiene cooperation: a factor analytic study
Authors: Camner Lars , Sandell Rolf , Söder Per‐Östen
Published: May 2006

Abstract In a previous study the concept “patient involvement” was found to be strongly predictive of therapy outcome. On the basis of a questionnaire concerning patients' background and motivation, 82 patients were interviewed before treatment. To cover the concept “patient involvement” 16 variables were considered as relevant measures. In a factor analysis four factors accounted for 90% of the common variance. The factors were interpreted in terms of: 1) initial attitudes, 2) attendance, 3) self‐confidence and 4) teeth‐mindedness.
Relationships between exposure to additional fluoride, social background and dental health in 7‐year‐old children
Authors: Fergusson D. M. , Horwood L. J.
Published: May 2006

Abstract The relationship between social background, water fluoridation, use of fluoride tablets and dmf scores was studied in a birth cohort of 7‐yr‐old New Zealand children. This analysis showed that the level of exposure to additional fluoride was a complex variable influenced by at least three factors: a) the use of fluoride toothpaste; b) the child's length of residence in a fluoridated area; c) the length of time for which the child had been provided fluoride tablets. Log linear modelling of the data suggested the presence of a relatively complex relationship between exposure to additional fluoride, social background and dental health. First, both duration of residence in a fluoridated area and the provision of fluoride tablets made significant net contributions to the variability in the dmf score. However, exposure to additional fluoride from these sources was differentially influenced by social background: while there were relatively strong associations between social background and the use of fluoride tablets, there was no significant association between duration of residence in a fluoridated area and social background. Finally, independently of an association with exposure to additional fluoride, family social background made a significant net contribution to the variability in dmf scores.
Psychologic correlates of dental anxiety
Authors: Schuurs Albert H. B. , Duivenvoorden Hugo J. , Thoden van Velzen Sijo K. , Verhage Frans , Makkes Peter C. , Eijkman Michiel A. J.
Published: May 2006

Abstract In an attempt to establish the relationships between dental anxiety and personality traits, such as neuroticism and locus of control, a survey has been carried out among 30‐40‐yr‐olds in a Dutch town. In the first instance, the questionnaires comprising the psychologic items were treated by Non‐Metric Principal Components analysis to detect the underlying structure. The principal components found were then used in a second‐stage analysis. The results appear to be at variance with the literature, i.e. subgroups discernible in the sample by sets of psychologic features were not associated with dental anxiety categories.
Comparison of trends in the prevalence of caries and restorations in young adult populations of several countries
Authors: Gordon Moshe , Newbrun Ernest
Published: May 2006

Abstract We compared DM FT (decayed, missing and filled teeth) values of young adult populations (about 18‐ to 21 yr old) obtained over two decades in five industrialized countries (Denmark, Finland, Israel, Japan, U.S.A.). Trends of the active disease factor (D) and treatment factor (F) within and between these countries during two decades were also compared. No uniform trend in caries prevalence data, based on total DMFT scores, was found. In some countries DMFT scores declined (Denmark, U.S.A.), in some they remained relatively static (Finland), and in some they increased during the last 20 yr (Israel, Japan). However, DMFT scores did not always correlate with untreated lesions, D, which decreased remarkably in Denmark and Finland and moderately in the U.S.A., remained stable in Japan, but increased in Israel. Similarly, treatment of caries, F, varied in different countries, increasing dramatically in Finland and Japan and moderately in Israel, remaining static in Denmark, and decreasing in the U.S.A. These trends appear to be influenced largely by the extent of caries‐preventive measures (particularly fluorides) in the respective countries, and to a lesser degree by sugar utilization and the availability of dental personnel. This age population has not been studied in a comparative fashion previously. This study also emphasizes the importance of looking not only at DMFT scores but at the trends in meeting treatment needs, D vs F scores.
Annual number of intraoral radiographs in Denmark and other countries
Authors: Sewerin I.
Published: May 2006

Abstract It has been demonstrated previously that in 1982, 2.4 million intraoral radiographs were taken in Denmark, or 0.47 radiograph per inhabitant. In the present study this frequency is compared to frequencies in other countries. The number of radiographs per inhabitant varied between 1.6 (Sweden) and 0.08 (Hungary). It is concluded that the frequency in Denmark is lower than in Sweden, USA, Norway, and Japan, but higher than in Great Britain, Finland, and Hungary. The increase in use of intraoral radiography was compared for five countries. The frequency curves exhibited nearly identical slopes, but the rates of increase for Great Britain and Denmark were approximately 15 yr delayed in comparison with Sweden, USA, and Japan.
How often should a preventive procedure be repeated? An economic analytic model applied to dentistry
Authors: Tzukert Aaron A. , Sgan‐Cohen Harold D. , Call Richard
Published: May 2006

Abstract Operation research techniques have successfully been applied to economical order situations. An Economical Recall System (ERS) model, based on this theory, is proposed for curative and preventive dental care. The ERS model assumes a preventive procedure with no lead time between application and initiation of effect, an immediate decline in morbidity level once the effect is initiated, and linear increasing rate of morbidity. The model also assumes a positive net present value of the prevention program and therefore the question approached is the optimal time sequence at minimal cost. The model supplies a valuable tool for analyzing the effect of the curative, preventive and administrative components of a program and how changes in each, or any combination, of these variables will affect the end results.
Reasons for taking radiographs in general dental practice
Authors: Osman Fahema , Scully Crispian , Dowell Tom , Davies Robin
Published: May 2006

Abstract This survey investigated the reasons why general dental practitioners take radiographs. 179 (54%) dentists responded and provided information for 2359 patients who were radiographes during a specified week. Of those patients aged less than 15 yr, 62% were radiographed primarily for orthodontic purposes and 22% for caries. In older age groups, caries was the predominant reason for taking radiographs but endodontic assessment assumed increasing importance with age and accounted for 37% of radiographs in patients aged more than 45 yr. Only 8% of patients were radiographed for periodontal reasons. These findings are discussed with respect to the changing pattern of disease and treatment provided in general dental practice.
Assessment of the WHO partial recording approach in identification of individuals highly susceptible to periodontitis
Authors: Aucott Daphne M. , Ashley Frank P.
Published: May 2006

Abstract The use of the WHO partial recording approach (CPITN) in the identification of 20‐30‐yr‐old individuals with high past or present susceptibility to periodontitis was investigated in two studies in a factory population. Comparison with a traditional assessment in 149 subjects indicated that the probing depths and bleeding scores of the partial recording sites correlated well with the other sites which were less prone to periodontal disease than the CPITN sites, and that all the 23 subjects with deep pockets would have been identified by the use of the CPITN sites alone. However, when 75 of the subjects were re‐examined using the partial recording sites, assessment of loss of clinical attachment levels indicated that only 16 of the 33 subjects who had loss of 2 mm or more clinical attachment at two or more sites had deep pockets, indicating that in this group assessment using pocket depth measurement alone seriously underestimated the proportion of individuals with a high past or present susceptibility to periodontitis.
Salivary lactobacillus counts as a diagnostic and didactic tool in caries prevention
Authors: Crossner Claes‐Göran , Unell Lennart
Published: May 2006

Abstract The usefulness of salivary lactobacillus counts in regular dental care was investigated in 236 131/2‐yr‐old Swedish children for 21/2 yr. The average individual preventive care was at least as extensive as the restorative care and the dental health of these children must be considered good with a mean DFS‐value of 6.8 at baseline. Nevertheless, it proved possible to reduce caries increment by more than 50%, simply by replacing one NaF‐rinsing in school once every 6 months by a saliva sampling session together with subsequent presentation and information of an inoculated and incubated Dentocult dip‐slide. The way of determining salivary lactobacillus counts in schoolchildren, as performed in this study, could easily be adopted as a routine part of general care. It proved to be useful for early diagnosis of caries and motivation to home care, and as a supplement to clinical examination it would be a valuable aid in the early selection of high‐risk cases as well as identification of low‐risk cases, who do not require extensive prevention.
Longitudinal study and analysis of clinical supervision of maxillary canine eruption
Authors: Ericson Sune , Kurol Jüri
Published: May 2006

Abstract In 505 Swedish schoolchildren, the need to supervise the eruption of the maxillary canines was assessed by digital palpation and related to occlusal development and somatic maturity. The aim was to judge the extent to which clinical methods should be supplemented with radiographic methods. The 505 children, aged 8–12 yr, were clinically investigated and the eruption was followed over a 3‐yr period. The age of the child was found not to be a valid criterion for radiographic investigation of the canine position. The investigation showed that 29% of 10‐yr‐old children had non‐palpable canines bilaterally. In 11‐yr‐old children, the corresponding figure was 5%. A palpable buccal bulge in the primary canine apical area was found to signify a favorable eruption position. The prevalence of non‐palpable or unerupted canines was 3% in the age group 11–15 yr. Indications for radiographic examination of canine position were present in altogether 7% of the children over 10 yr of age according to the clinical diagnostic criteria used.
Prevalence of mandibular dysfunction in an urban population in Hungary
Authors: Szentpétery András , Huhn Edit , Fazekas Andràs
Published: May 2006

Abstract 600 randomly selected subjects from an urban community in Hungary were examined anamnestically and clinically concerning signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction. The anamnestic (Ai) and clinical dysfunction (Di) indices according to Helkimo were used. The percentage distribution of the sample was the following: AiO = 79.3%, AiI=15.3%, AiII = 5.3%; DiO = 20.1%, DiI = 72.3%, DiII = 7%, DiIII = 0.5%. Headache was reported in 23%, bruxism in 10%, joint sounds in 9%, pain in the face, neck, or around the ears in 6%. Clinical signs found at the examination were joint sounds in 46% (crepitation 29%, clicking 22%), muscle tenderness on palpation in 17%, joint tenderness in 3%, pain on movement in 2.5%, restricted mouth opening in 4%, deviation of the mandible in 20%.
Differences in total tooth extraction between an urban and a rural area in the Netherlands
Authors: Bouma Jelte , van de Poel Fons , Schaub Rob M. H. , Uitenbroek Daan
Published: May 2006

Abstract Differences in total tooth loss between an urban and a rural area (dentist‐patient ratio 1:2500 and 1:5700 respectively) have been studied. Patients who participated in this study were those who received total tooth extraction during the calender yr 1982 (urban area) and 1983 (rural area). The overall dentist response was 90%, the combined patient response was 75%. During the year, in the urban area 137 cases of total tooth extraction were recorded; in the rural area this was 237. This frequency is equivalent to 109 and 226 total tooth extractions per 100 000 inhabitants, respectively. The age and sex distribution of the urban and rural population could not account for this difference. The rural population had a lower educational level and more people insured in a State Health Scheme, which is related to income. The frequency of symptomatic attenders was highest in the rural area among those who were insured in a State Health Scheme. It is concluded that differences in numbers of total extractions between the rural and urban areas cannot be explained entirely by differences in population characteristics.
Impact of oral hygiene and use of fluorides on caries increment in children during one year
Authors: Stecksén‐Blicks Christina , Gustafsson Lennart
Published: May 2006

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the modifying effect of oral hygiene, and the use of fluorides on caries increment in children when frequency of meals, intake of sugars and prevalence of lactobacilli and S. mutans in the saliva were known. In 8‐ and 13‐yr‐olds it was possible to show that children with a low caries increment (0‐2 surfaces) had lower mean values for frequency of meals, daily sucrose consumption and prevalence of lactobacilli and S. mutans in the saliva than children with a high caries increment (3 surfaces). There were higher mean values in the low caries‐increment groups for toothbrushing frequency, use of fluoridated toothpaste and NaF‐mouthrinse. Gingival bleeding index (GBI %) was used as an objective measure of oral hygiene and revealed statistically significant differences between the two groups in both age groups (P<0.05, P<0.01) with the highest scores recorded in the high caries‐increment groups. Using as discriminating variables number of meals/day, daily consumption of sucrose and other sugars and number of lactobacilli and S. mutans in the saliva, 77% of the 8‐yr‐olds and 70% of the 13‐yr‐olds were correctly classified with regard to net caries increment. If GBJ%, tooth‐brushing frequency, use of fluoridated toothpaste and NaF‐mouthrinse were included in the analysis another 4% of the 8‐yr‐olds and 11% of the 13‐yr‐olds could be correctly classified.
Counseling principles for more effective patient education
Authors: Chiodo Gary T. , Rosenstein David I. , Clarke J. Henry
Published: May 2006

Abstract Patients often fail to progress in preventive dentistry behavior. Greater success will be realized if the dentist uses a counseling approach based on basic theoretical principles of psychological counseling. Humanistic and behavioral counseling theories are adaptable to the dental environment. An approach modeled on the exploration, understanding, and action phases of counseling is practicable for the clinical dentist.
Denture problems and the quality of life in a Dutch elderly population
Authors: Heyink Joost , Schaub Rob
Published: May 2006

Abstract The quality of complete dentures among the Dutch elderly population is often rather poor. Besides, complaints are frequently reported. It is unclear whether these denture problems affect the quality of life. In this study the relationship between the presence of denture problems and the perceived quality of life was considered. Thirty‐one edentulous individuals, over 55 yr of age, were interviewed and clinically examined. The results show a significant relationship between the denture variables “quality”, “satisfaction” and “complaints”. Quality of life is weakly correlated with the quality of the dentures, but not with the other main denture variables. Some implications of these findings are briefly discussed.
Identifying children who will experience high caries increments
Authors: Bader James D. , Graves Richard C. , Disney Judith A. , Bohannan Harry M. , Stamm John W. , Abernathy James R. , Lindahl Roy L.
Published: May 2006

Abstract An 18‐month longitudinal study of 197 5 to 18‐yr‐old children was conducted to assess the performance of multiple baseline variables in predicting which children would experience high increments of caries. Nine predictors were assessed; DMFS and defs scores, number of permanent teeth, indices of fissure retentiveness and occlusal morphology, S. mutans and lactobacilli levels, and sex and race. Discriminant analyses were applied to data for children in five age groups to identify the 30% who would have the largest 18‐month DMFS increments. Prediction performance was assessed by comparisons with the actual high increment group, defined as those children with increments in the upper quartiles of the DMFS distributions within age groups. The analyses predicted between 56% and 91% of actual high increment children depending on age group. The children identified in the analyses experienced between 59% and 91% of the disease experienced by the actual high increment groups.
Epidemiology of malocclusion in Argentine children
Authors: de Muνiz Beatriz R.
Published: May 2006

Abstract As part of a nationwide oral health survey in Argentina, malocclusion traits and need of orthodontic treatment was assessed in 1554 schoolchildren aged 12–13 using the WHO‐FDI basic method for recording occlusal traits. A frequency of 1.38% extracted permanent teeth was found, being higher in Amerindian than Caucasian children. Incisor diastema and crowding was significantly lower in Amerindians. Both maxillary overjet and overbite were significantly lower in Amerindian (2.9% and 3.8%) than in Caucasian children (9.9% and 8.1%) respectively (P<0.001). The frequency of distal molar relation was 10% and the mesial molar relation 5%. Of the children examined 76% had no need of orthodontic treatment. Treatment need in Amerindian group (18%) was significantly lower than in the Caucasian group (28%). Since there is an increasing public demand for the provision of orthodontic treatment in public dental services, careful planning based on feasibility studies is essential for the creation of appropriate solutions.
Fordyce's granules in the oral mucosa of adult Israeli Jews
Authors: Gorsky Meir , Buchner Amos , Fundoianu‐Dayan Dan , Cohen Carmela
Published: May 2006

Abstract The prevalence of Fordyce's granules in a group of 2,462 Israeli Jews was determined. Fordyce's granules were observed in 94.9% of the entire sample. The most common location was the vermilion border of the upper lip (82.2%), followed by the retromolar area (73.3%), the buccal mucosa (65.9%) and the vermilion border of the lower lip (29.2%). The granules were more common in men. A significant difference in prevalence was found between the Ashkenazi group and each of the other two ethnic groups.
Inhibitory effect of barium on human caries prevalence
Authors: Zdanowicz John A. , Featherstone John D. B. , Espeland Mark A. , Curzon Martin E.J.
Published: May 2006

Abstract The aim of this investigation was to determine if barium in drinking water, in combination with fluoride, has an effect on caries prevalence in a human population. Children, aged 12–14 yr, were selected from two towns which had a similar socioeconomic and racial balance but one had a barium concentration of 8.0–10.0 ppm in its drinking water and the other a level which was less than 0.03 ppm. The caries prevalence, as mean DMFS, was significantly lower in the high barium town (2.76 ± 0.82) than in the low barium town (5.14 ± 0.65). The difference in mottling scores between the two towns was not significant (P= 0.44, chi‐square test). This difference in mean DMFS between the high and low barium communities could not be explained by an effect of other covariate factors.
Occurrence of leukoplakia and some other oral white lesions among 20 333 adult Swedish people
Authors: Axéll Tony
Published: May 2006

Abstract Among 20 333 people aged 15 yr or above, the prevalences of oral white lesions were calculated based on a partly new classification. The total prevalences were: cheek and lip biting 5.1%, smoker's palate 1.1%, frictional white lesion 5.5%, snuff dipper's lesion 8.0%, preleukoplakia 6.4% and leukoplakia 3.6%. If all these lesions were pooled, the prevalence was 24.8% and if only the entities cheek and lip biting and smoker's palate were excluded it became 20.1%. If weak “preleukoplakic” lesions were excluded from the latter figure (he prevalence for marked whitish lesions was 13.8%. Etiologic and clinical subgroups of leukoplakia showed the following prevalences: using the etiologic subgroups, idiopathic leukoplakia 0.7% and tobacco‐associated leukoplakia 2.9%; using the clinical subgroups, homogeneous leukoplakia 3.5% and non‐homogeneous leukoplakia 0.3%. The intraoral location pattern of leukoplakias was preponderant in the commissural and buccal areas. However, the idiopathic leukoplakias showed a somewhat more even distribution and thus a more similar distribution to that of oral cancer.
Analysis of the costs of school‐based mouthrinsing programs
Authors: Doherty Neville J. G. , Martie Charles W.
Published: May 2006

Abstract Previous research on a group of school‐based mouthrinsing programs showed costs per participant to increase with program size. This paper examines the behavior of average costs as they relate to wages and labor productivity. Costs arc found to increase because of differences in the mix of voluntary and paid labor. As program size increased, administrators substituted relatively high priced paid labor for low priced voluntary labor.
Social and psychological factors associated with adolescents' self‐acceptance of occlusal condition
Authors: Brown D. F. , Spencer A. J. , Tolliday P. D.
Published: May 2006

Abstract Studies using plaster models of teeth and photographs simulating the full range of occlusal conditions have found high agreement between measures of adolescent social acceptability of these conditions and perceived need for orthodontic treatment. This study examined the association between adolescents' acceptability of their own occlusal condition, severity of malocclusion, and likelihood of undergoing orthodontic treatment. The factors predicting the acceptability of occlusal condition of 13‐yr‐olds, as assessed by the SASOC scale, were measurements of acceptability of general physical appearance, and the severity of occlusal condition. Variability in SASOC scores appeared to be independent of gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity. Gender, and severity of occlusal condition were important differences between subjects who had received, planned, or were undergoing orthodontic treatment, and those who had not. Neither SASOC scores nor perceived need for treatment accounted for a significant proportion of the variance between these groups. Although adolescents seeking orthodontic treatment had a greater severity of malocclusion than those not, little difference was observed between these groups in acceptance of occlusal condition.
Dentists' and patients' opinions of the dental condition at moment of full clearance
Authors: Bouma Jelte , Schaub Rob M. H. , van de Pool Fons , Westert Gert
Published: May 2006

Abstract Reasons for full mouth extraction in an urban and a rural area in The Netherlands (dentist‐patient ratio 1:2500 and 1:5700 respectively) have been studied. Patients who participated in this combined sociodental research project were those who received full mouth extractions over a period of 1 yr. The combined patient response was 75% and the overall dentist response 90%. In the urban and the rural areas respectively 137 and 237 cases of full mouth extraction were recorded. When comparing the dentists' diagnoses with the conditions of the dentitions there appeared to be a fair degree of agreement in most of the cases, although some striking deviations were also found. In the relationship between the patient's opinion and the condition of the dentition some unexplained discrepancies were found: 37% of the dentitions in which the teeth and attachment were in a healthy condition were perceived as bad by the patients. Dentists and patients agreed in their perceptions of the dental conditions in 60% of the cases. In 27% there was a strong disagreement. In most of the discrepancies found plausible explanations could be given. In some cases this was not possible. As this involves a substantial minority of cases, dentists should be aware of reasons other than the clinical condition in the disabling treatment of full clearance.
Comparison of fibre optic transillumination with clinical and radiographic caries diagnosis
Authors: Stephen K. W. , Russell J. I. , Creanor S. L. , Burchell C. K.
Published: May 2006

Abstract Fibre optic transillumination (FOTI) has been employed during the course of a 3‐yr clinical dentifrice trial which initially involved 3003 children. At the initial examination, a subgroup of 813 13‐yr‐olds, and at the following annual visit, 2247 14‐yr‐olds, were examined using a 150 W lamp and 0.5 mm diameter probe. Routine clinical and radiographic examinations were performed separately. Compared to the clinical scores for anterior teeth, FOTI detected an additional 64% of interproximal lesions at the first visit while, for the larger number of children at the second visit, the increase in lesion detection level using FOTI was 37%. For the posterior teeth the comparable figure at the second examination was 92%. When FOTI data were compared to radiographic data for more than 52 000 posterior interproximal surfaces, FOTI could only detect 17% of radiographic Grade 2 lesions and 48% Grade 3 lesions. Thus any assumption that FOTI diagnoses may be a substitute for bitewing radiography appears premature.
Craniomandibular disorders in psoriasis
Authors: Könönen Mauno
Published: May 2006

Abstract A questionnaire survey of all members of the Psoriasis Society of the Greater Helsinki area was carried out to determine the prevalence of Craniomandibular (CM) disorders in psoriasis. 1517 (85%) of the psoriatic members responded; 1050 had skin symptoms (psoriasis; P) and 400 skin and joint symptoms (psoriatic arthritis; PA). The most characteristic CM symptom was pain in the temporomandibular joint area. A high number of subjective symptoms correlated with poor general state of health, stress, pruritus of skin lesions, occlusal parafunctions and impaired chewing ability. Patients with PA had symptoms of CM disorders twice as frequently as patients with P. A high number of symptoms of CM disorders correlated with the number of other joints affected by PA.
A path analysis of the utilization of dental services
Authors: Reisine Susan
Published: May 2006

Abstract In this paper Andersen's model of health services utilization is applied to the use of dental visits. This analysis builds on previous work by including clinical oral health indicators rather than self‐reports as measures of need by using a path model to analyze the dynamics of predisposing, enabling and need factors on dental utilization. The sample consisted of 287 volunteers who were employees of a university health center. The path analysis using ordinary least squares found that sex was the most important variable affecting use of services. Men tended to have higher number of visits due to higher need and women more visits regardless of need. A surprising result was that income had no significant effect on volume of dental visits, which contradicts much of the literature in the area. Finally, the analysis suggests that because of the nature of clinical oral health indicators cross‐sectional analysis of dental service utilization may not be appropriate.
Attitudes of general dental practitioners towards the hepatitis B vaccine
Authors: Samaranayake L. P. , Lamey P.‐J. , MacFarlane T. W. , Glass G. W. J.
Published: May 2006

Abstract A postal survey of 295 general dental practitioners (GDP's) in the Greater Glasgow Area Health Board was undertaken to assess their acceptance and attitudes towards the plasma derived hepatitis B vaccine. Only 17% of the 144 dental practitioners who responded to the questionnaire had received the vaccine. Practitioners' reservations concerning their acceptance of the vaccine ranged from fear of side effects including AIDS, high cost and fear of recognition as a hepatitis B carrier. Forty‐one percent of GDP's knowingly treated Mow risk' hepatitis B patients in their practices. When questioned of their knowledge of the other related viral causes of hepatitis, 59% were aware of non‐A non‐B hepatitis while only 8% were aware of delta hepatitis. In general, the survey indicated that the present hepatitis B vaccine has not been widely accepted by GDP's and general awareness of the causative agents of viral hepatitis is lacking.
Knowledge Of Dental Services Provided: investigations in an elderly population
Authors: Hoad‐Reddick Gillian , Grant Alan A. , Griffiths Christopher S.
Published: May 2006

Abstract During a survey into the dental health of 233 elderly people in the Halton Health Authority, subjects' knowledge of the services provided was investigated. Only 5.7% of the sample were found to be regular attenders and assessed need was found to be far greater than perceived need. Questions were set out to discover attitudes to the service, investigated reasons for non‐attendance, knowledge of domiciliary visiting arrangements, where a dental surgery was situated, how subjects could find out about N.H.S. dental charges, costs of dentures and if subjects had a problem in their mouth, who they would turn to for help. Results were analysed by computer using the Survey‐Plus programme, which allowed differences between residential groups to be compared. Suggestions are made for improvements in care provision for the elderly and education of those in contact with them.
Focal epithelial hyperplasia: a survey of two isolated communities in the Cape Province of South Africa
Authors: van Wyk Werner , Harris Angela
Published: May 2006

Abstract The aims of this study were to determine the distribution of focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH) among Cape Coloured communities, and whether a family Connection could be traced. Two isolated communities near Cape Town were selected and it was attempted to examine as many population members as possible. After it was established that one community had a comparatively high prevalence of FEH, Second visit was undertaken to determine whether a familial distribution existed. Six hundred and fifty‐six people and 130 households were examined in the above community and 486 people in the second. The median ages of the two communities were 186 and 18.4 yr respectively. Both age and sex distributions of the two populations did not differ significantly. A significant difference in the prevalence of FEH was found between the two communities. Ninety‐seven cases (14.8%) were diagnosed in the first and 21 cases (4.3%) in the second community (P <0.05). FEH occurred in all age groups and both sexes. Lesions occurred mostly on the mucosae of the lower and upper lips and in the gingiva. No definite familial distribution could be established.
An epidemiologic study of mandibular dysfunction dependence on different variables
Authors: Szentpétery András , Fazekas András , Mari Albert
Published: May 2006

Abstract Age and sex characteristics of different signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction were studied in 600 randomly selected urban persons. With regard to mandibular mobility marked differences were observed between the sexes, and a steady decrease parallel with ageing. Against this, the percentages of the objective dysfunction signs of impaired mobility and TMJ‐sounds, as well as those of the pooled percentages of all the objective signs (Di−I + II + III), increased parallel with ageing. The percentages of headache occurrence peaked in different age groups for men and women. Statistically significant correlations were found between headache, parafunctions, stress, age, the existence of a preferred chewing side, as well as several dental‐occlusal factors, and the prevalence of mandibular dysfunction; between Ai, and Di according to Helkimo, and between excessive tooth wear and parafunctions.
Optical hazard evaluation of dental curing lights*
Authors: Eriksen Paul , Moscato Patrick M. , Franks James K. , Sliney David H.
Published: May 2006

Abstract The potential ocular hazards associated with the use of dental curing lights were evaluated. Recommendations are provided for precluding exposure of personnel to hazardous levels of optical radiation. Users should not stare directly into the dental curing lights at distances shorter than 25 cm (which would not be a likely event). Eye protectors which filter wavelengths below 500 nm may be desired DK‐2900 Hellerup, Denmark by individual users to reduce discomfort or if surface lamination is applied.
Dental restoration longevity: a critique of the life table method of analysis
Authors: Davies Janet A.
Published: May 2006

Abstract The use of the life table method for assessing the longevity of dental restorations is growing. One reason for this is the availability of statistical computer packages which can be used by the non‐expert, and this is tending to lead to an uncritical approach to the methodology. Although much can be learnt regarding the durability of restorations by using life table analysis, there are many inherent problems related to its use in dental studies. The survival pattern of many restorations is such that long‐term studies are required to obtain valid assessments of durability. Results reported after only a few years of study contain many restorations not followed to failure. The ways in which data on these restorations are handled can greatly affect the estimates of longevity. These considerations have not, to date, received sufficient attention.
Experimental study of two methods of data collection by questionnaire
Authors: Haugejorden Ola , Nielsen Willy A.
Published: May 2006

Abstract The aim of the present study was to compare the results obtained using two different methods of data collection about caries preventive services provided in general dental practice. A questionnaire was mailed to a random national sample of 479 dentists resident in Norway in January 1985. The sample was divided into two groups by random allocation. All dentists, irrespective of group, were requested to give background information. One group, comprising 287 dentists (OR), was asked to complete a separate form for every adult patient (≥20 yr) treated in the course of 1 day. The demographic characteristics and dental visiting habits of the patients, as well as the number of teeth present, caries lesions and preventive services rendered were recorded. The other group, 192 dentists (GE), was requested to make general estimates of the time spent on caries prevention and the proportion of patients receiving various types of caries preventive services. The dentists were unaware of the methodologic aspect of the survey and everyone received one reminder in order to guarantee anonymity. The estimation method (GE) did not give the expected advantage over the registration method (GR) in response rate (51.7% vs 46.2%, P > 0.40), and gave a gross overestimation of the frequency with which adult patients received different types of caries preventive procedures (P < 0.005). Thus, even though the estimates of the proportion of total treatment time spent on caries prevention were comparable for the two methods, and the estimation approach is labor‐saving, it cannot be recommended for the collection of data on caries prevention in the dental office.
Regional variations in oral submucous fibrosis in India
Authors: Bhonsle R. B. , Murti P. R. , Daftary D. K. , Gupta P. C. , Mehta Fall S. , Sinor P. N. , Irani R. R. , Pindborg J. J.
Published: May 2006

Abstract Regional variations in the characteristics of submucous fibrosis were studied in two districts in India. In Pune district this condition involved soft palate, uvula and retromolar areas significantly more often than in Ernakulam district. The tongue, floor of the mouth and the hard palate were not involved in Pune. The age of the patients in Pune district was lower than in Ernakulam district. Associated oral cancer, letikoplakia and petechiae were observed solely among patients in Ernakulam. The most important etiologic factor for submucous fibrosis is the chewing of areca nut, and in both areas studied all patients chewed areca nut. In Pune, cured areca nut without other ingredients was chewed by 66% and in Ernakulam, raw areca nut was chewed as an ingredient of pan with tobacco by 100%. Thus in Ernakulam, the juice and the quid were mostly spat out, whereas in Pune they were swallowed. The regional variations in the characteristics of submucous fibrosis could be related to the differences in the areca nut chewing habit between the two areas.