bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efektivitas Program Teaching Factory dan SPMI terhadap Motivasi Budaya Mutu Guru dalam rangka Revitalisasi Standar Nasional Pendidikan Kejuruan
Authors: Utomo Susilo
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis besarnya pengaruh efektifitas program teaching factory dan SPMI baik secara parsial maupun bersama-sama terhadap peningkatan motivasi budaya mutu guru. Pendekatan peneltitan ini adalah kuantitatif dengan populasi guru produktif SMK Negeri di Kebumen yang telah menerapkan program teaching factory dan SPMI. Teknik sampling dalam penelitian ini purposive sampling dengan jumlah 79 guru.Â  Analisis data dengan teknik analisis korelasi parsial dan analisis regresi ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara efektifitas program teaching factory dan SPMI secara simultan terhadap motivasi budaya mutu guru dengan besar sumbangan 61,4%. Implikasi penelitian: Sesuai dengan hasil penelitian yang menyimpulkan bahwa motivasi budaya mutu guru dipengaruhi secara positif dan signifikan oleh efektifitas program teaching factory dan SPMI maka seluruh SMK sebagai sekolah vokasi hendaknya menerapkan program teaching factory secara efetif untuk seluruh mata pelajaran produktif dan menerapkan SPMI dalam pengelolaan sekolah. Hal ini akan dapat meningkatkan motivasi budaya mutu guru dalam melaksanakan tugas profesionalnya sebagai pendidik yang pada gilirannya akan meningkatkan mutu dunia pendidikan.Â
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Kepala sekolah, Etos Kerja dan Iklim Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Guru SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Playen
Authors: Widyastuti Yeni
Published: August 2021

Abstrak:Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis bagaimana pengaruh antara kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah, etos kerja dan iklim kerja baik secara bersama-sama maupun secara parsial terhadap kinerja guru SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Playen.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan merupakan penelitian populasi karena populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh guru SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Playen yang berjumlah 61 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuisioner. Analisis data yang dilakukan meliputi analisis statistik deskriptif, uji prasyarat yang terdiri dari uji normalitas, uji linieritas dan uji multikolinieritas. Uji hipotesis dengan analisis regresi ganda, uji t dan korelasi parsial serta sumbangan efektif dan sumbangan relatif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah, etos kerjaÂ  dan iklim kerja secara sendiri maupun bersama-sama memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap peningkatan kinerja guru. 2) Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja guru sebesar 21, 4%. 3) Etos kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja guru sebesar 22,8%. 4) Iklim kerja berpengaruh positif dan sangat signifikan terhadap kinerja guru sebesar 55,8%. Ini artinya apabila kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah, etos kerja dan iklim kerja meningkat secara bersama-sama maka kinerja guru mengalami peningkatan. Sebaliknya apabila kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah, etos kerja dan iklim kerja menurun secara bersama-sama maka Kinerja Guru Â turut mengalami penurunan.Â Kata kunci: kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah, etos kerja, iklim kerja, kinerja guruÂ
Manajemen E-Learning Dalam Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Fatonah Umi , Mulyono Rahmat
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: 1) manajemen e-learning dalam pembelajaran jarak jauh pada masa pandemi Covid-19, 2) ragam inovasi, 3) faktor pendukung dan penghambat manajemen e-learning, dan 4) solusi manajemen e-learning dalam pembelajaran jarak jauh pada masa pandemi Covid-19 di SD Wonosari II dan SD Baleharjo Gunungkidul. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah SD Wonosari II dan SD Baleharjo. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan langkah pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Pemeriksaan keabsahan data yaitu dengan meningkatkan ketekunan dan menggunakan triangulasi sumber, teknik, dan waktu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) manajemen e-learning dalam pembelajaran jarak jauh pada masa pandemi Covid-19 di SD Wonosari II dan SD Baleharjo Gunungkidul terdiri dari: a) perencanaan e-learning dengan sosialisai dengan wali murid dan komite, membuat RPP daring, menyiapkan sarpras, b) pengorganisasian e-learning yaitu dengan melakukan rapat dengan komite dan wali murid terkait program e-learning, menyusun struktur organisasi tim pelaksana e-learning c) pelaksanaan e-learning yaitu dengan membuat kelas digital di google classroom dan mengundang siswa melalui tautan memberikan bantuan teknis pada guru dan siswa yang kesulitan, dan d) pengawasan/pengendalian e-learning yaitu dengan pengawas melakukan supervisi dan monitoring, 2) ragam inovasi dalam pelaksanaan e-learning yaitu, pembelajaran menggunakan google classroom, dan mengevaluasi dengan google form 3) faktor pendukung dalam pelaksanaan manajemen e-learning yaitu sekolah menyediakan wifi, memberikan bantuan kuota internet dari dana BOS, dan bantuan kuota belajar dari kemdikbud,Â  dan faktor penghambat yaitu HP dibawa orang tua bekerja, dan anak perlu pendampingan orang tua dalam belajar online dan 4) solusi manajemen e-learning yaitu guru memberikan keleluasaan tenggang waktu mengikuti sesi sampai pukul 23.59 pada hari itu.
Analysis of Student Responses to E-learning Resources and Activities
Authors: Pusporini Widowati
Published: August 2021

In early 2020, the outbreak spread in the world. In response to this emergency condition, the world's higher education institutions have been forced to resort to e-learning and digital tools. This study was conducted to find out the studentsâ€™ responses to resources and activity e-learning. The sample was composed of 37 students. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by mean score and Likert scale. Using ideal normal standards for the various data above, it can be concluded that the student response to e-learning used at the University of Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa can be described as follows for the student response indicator to the resources in e-learning, has 4.1 mean scores, it can be concluded that students assess resources in e-learning are considered good. Then, the activities in e-learning have a mean score of 3.8. This indicates that it is in a fair category.
"تنفيد تعليم اللغة العربية لبرنامج اللّغة المكثّف للطّلّاب الجديدة
Authors: Nasrulloh M.alaika , Zulfikri Ahmad
Published: August 2021

Language Intensive Program is a form of effort and innovation on the campus of the Darussalam Islamic Institute of Blokagung to equip students' mastery of foreign languages, especially new students. This program is directly handled by the IAIDA campus Language Technical Implementation Unit (UPT-B). This effort is the latest innovation at the tertiary level which may rarely be applied in other campuses. In addition, this program is still relatively young because it has only been running for 3 semesters. As a new program, enabling innovation to occur, this program is still undergoing changes in response to emerging problems. So that in the future it is really able to equip students with quality foreign language competences. In this case, by using a descriptive approach, the writer wants to describe the process as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors for the implementation of Arabic learning which is packaged attractively in the Language Intensive Program in Campus institutions.
(maktabah) تأثير طريقة الحفر على مهارة القراءة للطالبا مجليس سوروكان كتاب للطالبات
Authors: Latifatul insyaniah Anyes , Fatussholehah Anis
Published: August 2021

This research is aimed at three main things, namely: to know the implementation of "drill method", Qira'ah ability and the effect of "drill method" on the improvement of Maharah Qira'ah students of maktabah. class 4 ula Darussalam Blokagung Tegalsari Islamic Boarding School Banyuwangi 2018/2019 Learning Year. This research uses quantitative descriptive method with product moment technique. Methods of data collection using observation techniques, interviews, questionnaires and documentation. While the sample in this study was 40 students of class 4 ula maktabah. And the results of the research are (1) the implementation of the drill method of the maktabah santri has a very good value (2) the increase in maharah qira'ah of the maktabah santri has a fairly good value (3) There is a significant positive effect with a strong relationship between the drill method and the increase in maharah. qira'ah santri maktabah grade 4 ula pondok pesantren darussalam blokagung tegalsari banyuwangi in 2018/2019 learning year. The value of the effect of variable X on variable Y is 47.80% and there are still 52.2% other things that affect variable Y.
SENYAPAN DAN KILIR LIDAH DALAM ACARA GELAR WICARA MATA NAJWA 2020 SEBAGAI KAJIAN PSIKOLINGUISTIK
Authors: Manshur Ali , Zaidatul Istiqomah Fina
Published: August 2021

Speaking is one of the four language skills. Speaking skills are always needed in human interaction activities, especially communicating. However, humans in speaking experience often experience mistakes in practice, one of which is the Silent and Tongue Shrink at the Mata Najwa 2020 talk show. On that basis the researcher wants to explore, look for the causes and processes of the occurrence of Silence and Tongue Flashes from several sources in the event. Tongue smiles and flashes are one of the obstacles that occur in communicating activities, both official and non-official. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with research carried out to determine the problem without comparing or linking the existing problems with the interversion picture of research on a phenomenon. In this study, researchers used a data collection technique with a listening method consisting of listening proficiently, listening freely fold proficiently, taking notes, and recording. By using Graunded Theory analysis with the Axial Coding method Paradigm model. Based on the analysis obtained from the results of the research that the Silence and the Flickering of the Tongue in the 2020 Mata Najwa talk show, there are lots of silences performed with various factors that influence it.
KALIMAT IMPERATIF DALAM NOVEL SELENA KARYA TERE LIYE (KAJIAN SINTAKSIS)
Authors: Wulandari Sri
Published: August 2021

Novel as a form of literary work is expected to produce positive values ​​for readers, so that they can be sensitive to problems related to social life and encourage good behavior. Novels usually tell about the realities of human life with the environment around them. This research focuses on the form and meaning of imperative sentences in Tere Liye's novel Selena. The purpose of this study was to determine the form and meaning of imperative sentences in Tere Liye's Selena novel. This study uses descriptive qualitative data analysis techniques. Data collection was done by observing method through note taking technique. The research results show that there are conclusions in the novel Selena by Tere Liye, namely finding the form of the imperative Intrasitive sentence and found 8 meanings, namely the imperative request sentence, and the imperative request sentence, the imperative expectation sentence, the imperative sentence for prohibition, and the imperative sentence for allowing, the imperative sentence for invitation, From the data and findings, there are 80 imperative sentences. The most common found were imperative sentences of request with as much as 48 data, while the least was the imperative sentences of leaving with 2 data.
KAJIAN FONOLOGI BAHASA INDONESIA DALAM KUMPULAN VIDEO MAK BETI KARYA ARIF MUHAMMAD
Authors: Syamsul Ma'arif Moh , Qorifatul Robayanah Siti
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to describe the segmental elements in Mak Beti's video utterances and changes in sound / phonemes resulting from historical developments in Mak Beti's video utterances. The type used in this research is descriptive qualitative analysis. This research is a library research using data sources in the form of virtual audio and visuals of a vlogger by Arif Muhammad. The collection techniques used are observing and note-taking techniques, while the steps taken in collecting data are as follows (1) direct observation on the video Mak Beti, (2) understanding speech and recording data. The data analysis technique used is the data collection technique, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results of research and discussion in the video Mak Beti by Arif Muhammad are segmental elements and changes in sound / phonemes as a result of historical developments. The segmental elements in this discussion include vowels, consonants and semivowels. Meanwhile, changes in sound / phonemes as a result of historical developments discussed in Mak Beti's utterances include contraction including apheresis, syncope apocope. Diftongization, monophthongization and anaphthixis include epentesis, paragraph.
PENGGUNAAN BAHASA DALAM PELAYANAN PERIZINAN SANTRI DI KANTOR KEAMANAN PONDOK PESANTREN PUTRI UTARA DARUSSALAM BLOKAGUNG BANYUWANGI :KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK
Authors: Nafiatus Sholichah Isti
Published: August 2021

This research was conducted with the aim of describing the use of language performed by the waiter and the customer during the permit service along with the factors that influence it. This research uses Dell Hymes theory, namely SPEAKING. The method used is a qualitative method with the aim of describing the use of servant language and the factors that affect the diversity of languages in the security office. The method of data collection in this study uses the technique of listening to the language of the service free. The method of listening is done by taking notes while the conversation is taking place. The data that has been obtained are described and then sorted according to the data found. There are at least three languages used by the maids in the student permit service (Javanese, Osing, and Indonesian). The factors of language use that influence the language used by servants in security and order offices are age, mutual respect, and familiarity. The result of this research is that there are three languages used in the licensing service for students. The languages used are Javanese, Osing, and mixed languages.
REPRESENTASI STRATEGI KEKUASAAN SIMBOLIK TUTURAN GURU DALAM MEMBUKA PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Afifatul Hikmah Siti Nur
Published: August 2021

Representation as a picture of the existence of a thing. In this case the representation of teachers in learning has power. The symbolic power of the teacher's speech in learning makes the teacher a person or group that holds the power of symbols. The symbolic power exercised by the teacher in learning cannot be separated from speech acts in the form of orders, invitations, advice, praise, questions, explanations and information. This research method uses a qualitative approach with the type of field research.
WACANA PENANDA KEKOHESIAN DAN KEKOHERENSIAN DALAM BERITA COVID-19 DI LIPUTAN6.COM
Authors: Nur Maulida Zulfa
Published: August 2021

This study analyzes cohesion and coherence in covid-19 news in the June 2020 liputan6.com edition. The purpose of this study is to describe the markers of cohesion and coherence of news discourse in online media with the June 2020 edition of Covid-19. This study aims to describe the discourse markers of cohesion and coherence in the Covid-19 news on the June 2020 edition of Liputan6.com. Looking for markers of cohesion and coherence in the news. Based on the results of data analysis found several things as follows. First, markers of grammatical cohesiveness by using reference markers, substitution, ellipsis, and conjunctions. Second, markers of lexical cohesion which include antonymy, hyponymy, and collocation. Third, the markers of coherence are found as "signified" coherence. Markers of "tagged" coherence include additive coherence, chronological coherence, causality coherence, and contrast coherence. On the basis of the results of data analysis, it can be concluded as follows. First, the mark of cohesiveness in the covid-19 news on Liputan6.com in the June 2020 edition generally uses explicit cohesion markers. Second, the grammatical cohesive markers used include references, substitution, ellipsis, conjunctions, and lexical cohesive markers used include antonym, hyponym, and collocation. Third, the markers of the coherence of co-19 news in the June 2020 edition generally use "tagged" coherence, such as additive coherence, chronological coherence, causality coherence, and contrast coherence
KONTRIBUSI SIS (SISTEM INFORMASI SANTRI) DALAM INOVASI MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN PONDOK PESANTREN
Authors: Aimah Siti , Mursidah Liqo
Published: August 2021

The objectives set from this study are: (1) To find out the planning of SIS in the financial management of Blokagung Tegalsari Banyuwangi Islamic Boarding School, (2) To find out the supporting and inhibiting factors of the application of SIS in the financial management of Blokagung Tegalsari Banyuwangi Islamic Boarding School. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. The research was the researcher himself who became an instrument (human instrument) with supporters of the interview guide grid. Data collection is more emphasized on observation, interview, and documentation. The validity of the data in this study uses data triangulation.The results of his research: SIS (SantriInformation System) as an innovation in the financial management of the Darussalam Boarding School Blokagung Tegalsari Banyuwangi is implemented with several stages which include: (1) Determination of payment system innovation, (2) Determination of santri payment budget.(3) Appointment of the system responsible team. (4) Appointment of a payment system service team.supporting and inhibiting factors of the application of SIS to the financial management of the Darussalam Boarding School, Blokagung Tegalsari Banyuwangi, they are: Supporting factors (1) Productivity of the person in charge, (2) Socialization strategies for implementing SIS. Inhibiting factors: (1) Lack of supporting facilities, (2) Timeliness of payment reporting.
ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЙНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ ГОТЕЛЬНИХ МАХРОВИХ РУШНИКІВ
Authors: Паршин А. С. , Арабулі С. І. , Арабулі А. Т.
Published: August 2021

Assessment of the providing level of hotel facilities by quality terry towels based on a comprehensive study of the operational properties of terry textile fabrics. Methodology. Theoretical and experimental researches are based on the basic principles of textile materials science. During experimental studies, modern methods were used to determine the physical and mechanical properties of textile materials, as well as methods of mathematical planning and statistical processing of the experimental results. Results. The state and norms for the provision of hotel facilities in Ukraine with terry towels are given. The assortment of hotel terry towels has been analyzed. The main factors of the formation of a modern assortment of textile materials for hotel terry towels are considered. The focus is on the classic range of double nap terry fabrics for hotel towels. The analyses of the physical and mechanical properties of modern fabrics for hotel towels are present. Indicators characterizing the interaction of textile with liquid moisture have been experimentally determined. The paper presents the results of determining the wear resistance of fabrics after 1, 5 and 10 cycles "wash-ironing". Scientifi c novelty. The data of the physical and mechanical properties of the classic assortment of textile materials for hotel terry towels are systematized. It has been experimentally proven that the assortment of cotton terry textile materials, which is currently available on the Ukrainian market and is used for the manufacture of hotel terry towels, provides a high level of comfort and durability of towels. Practical value. The modern assortment of textile materials for hotel terry towels is analyzed, taking into account the peculiarities of the operational situation of consumption.
Mahatma Gandhi’s Contribution to Education
Authors: Pandey Kanchan
Published: August 2021

On economic, political and military grounds, India was of first rate importance to the British and education was the instrument by which they sought to maintain and strengthen their domination by experimenting with a unique model of educating an elite through a foreign language. However, contrary to the popular belief, English education was not forced on the Indians. Rich Indian citizens had actively come forward in setting up the system as the only way to modernize their society. So much time was spent in mastering English language by the Indian School boys that the main purpose of education was missed. The premium on rate learning and examinations was so high, that the growth of inquisitiveness and an experimental bent of mind, so necessary for economic development, were not cultivated. But more important was an invisible and quite change in attitudes and values of viewing education as a social welfare activity for girls and an investment for boys. As an outcome, the system concentrated on a centralized and uniform higher education
Essential tremor not just a tremor (review)
Authors:   Institute of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation n.a. Smagul Kaishibayev, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Shiderova Guzel , Karimova Altynay ,   Institute of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation n.a. Smagul Kaishibayev, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kaishibayeva Gulnaz ,   Institute of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation n.a. Smagul Kaishibayev, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Amrayeva Gulmira ,   Institute of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation n.a. Smagul Kaishibayev, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: August 2021

Essential tremor is one of the most common movement disorders. The nature of this disease is not fully understood. It was believed that this pathology manifests itself only by tremor, and symptoms such as depression, anxiety and apathy in patients with essential tremor can only be regarded as a reaction to the presence of tremor. Cognitive impairment is a concomitant pathology that can occur in the elderly, which accounts for a more frequent onset of the disease. But is it really so Purpose of the study. To study the literature data to identify the presence in patients with essential tremor of such signs that can be attributed to the group of "non-motor" symptoms. Material and methods. In order to study the literature data, a search was carried out in the Web of Science, PubMed databases. During the search, all articles published since 2000 were examined and the following terms were used in combination with "essential tremor": "non-motor symptoms", "anxiety", "depression", "apathy", "cognitive impairment", "sleep disorders", "hearing impairment", "hyposmia". The main search terms were studies based on the study of patients with essential tremor: meta-analyzes, original studies, retrospective and cohort studies. Results and discussion. It can be unambiguously argued that symptoms such as anxiety, depression, apathy and cognitive, hearing and smell dysfunctions are characterised to the patients with essential tremor. The first three manifestations were attributed to the response to the presence of tremor. And cognitive functions, hearing and smell dysfunctions was considered a concomitant pathology, which occurs quite often in old age, which accounts for a more frequent onset of the disease. But in reality, everything is not so simple. The literature data, which began to appear over the past 20 years, make it clear that the previously mentioned clinical manifestations may well be regarded as "non-motor" symptoms of essential tremor. Conclusion. Nowadays neurologists are increasingly faced with the problem of differential diagnosis of essential tremor. Despite the fact that everything was very simple and clear on the diagnosis of this disease, in recent years more and more data have appeared in favor of the fact that essential tremor is a heterogeneous disease that manifests not only by tremor. But this is also a disease, which, due to its heterogeneity of pathophysiology, can give great variability in the clinical picture. Keywords: essential tremor, nonmotor symptoms, anxiety, depression, cognitive impairnment, dementia.
Optimization of Complex System Reliability using Hybrid Grey Wolf Optimizer
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India, Negi Ganga , Kumar Anuj ,   Department of Mathematics, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India, Pant Sangeeta ,   Department of Mathematics, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India, Ram Mangey ,   Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, Graphic Era, Dehradun, India
Published: August 2021

Reliability allocation to increase the total reliability has become a successful way to increase the efficiency of the complex industrial system designs. A lot of research in the past have tackled this problem to a great extent. This is evident from the different techniques developed so far to achieve the target. Stochastic metaheuristics like simulated annealing, Tabu search (TS), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Cuckoo Search Optimization (CS), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Grey wolf optimization technique (GWO) etc. have been used in recent years. This paper proposes a framework for implementing a hybrid PSO-GWO algorithm for solving some reliability allocation and optimization problems. A comparison of the results obtained is done with the results of other well-known methods like PSO, GWO, etc. The supremacy/competitiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated from the numerical experiments. These results with regard to the time taken for the computation and quality of solution outperform the previously obtained results by the other well-known optimization methods.
Current and Potential Therapeutic Approaches for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus: A Concise Overview.
Authors: Odhar Hasanain Abdulhameed
Published: August 2021

Crimea-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is an RNA pathogen that can cause a serious hemorrhagic fever in human with a high case fatality rate. CCHFV can be transmitted by tick bites or through direct contact with infected humans and animals. Currently, neither FDA approved vaccine nor specific antiviral agent are available to combat CCHFV. Additionally, the pathogenesis study of CCHFV is limited by the lack of suitable animal model. In this review article, we will highlight the current and potential therapeutic approaches to treat or prevent CCHFV infection.
The COVID States Project #62: COVID-19 vaccine attitudes among healthcare workers
Authors: Lazer David , Qu Hong , Ognyanova Katherine , Baum Matthew , Perlis Roy , Druckman James , Uslu Ata , Lin Jennifer , Santillana Mauricio , Green Jon , Simonson Matthew D
Published: August 2021

The vaccination status of healthcare workers is of particular importance, for two key reasons:First, healthcare workers have been a harbinger of trends among the broader population through the entire vaccination campaign, as they were among the first to gain access to vaccines. The early inequalities in terms of access among healthcare workers were predictive of inequalities within the broader population. The divides in terms of vaccine skepticism presaged those of the broader population; and, as we will see below, the plateauing of vaccination rates anticipated the slowdown in vaccinations within the broader population.Second, the vaccine decisions of healthcare workers have particular ramifications with respect to the spread of COVID-19, and, especially, with respect to morbidity and mortality resulting from COVID-19. In particular, unvaccinated healthcare workers are potentially a vector of infection of the elderly and the vulnerable, who have been vastly more likely to die of the disease.A recent outbreak in a nursing home in Kentucky is illustrative. Despite the fact that over 90% of the residents had been fully vaccinated, only 53% of the healthcare workers had been. In a subsequent outbreak, 31% of residents were infected (more than two third of whom had been vaccinated); and 33% of healthcare workers (20% of whom had been vaccinated). Two residents died as a result. In short, the low vaccination rate of the healthcare workers supplied the kindling for the outbreak. The question going forward is to what extent might this occur in other healthcare settings around the country.Healthcare institutions thus face critical decisions regarding the vaccination of their employees. In late July, the Department of Veterans Affairs issued a vaccine mandate for all its frontline health care workers. A joint statement by nearly 60 major medical organizations called for mandatory vaccination of healthcare workers. Brown University's School of Public Health built a Hospital Vaccine Mandate Tracker to gather and list hospital systems that require their staff to be vaccinated. Many more institutions have announced that they will issue mandates once vaccines are formally approved by the U.S. FDA.
United States Ending the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Epidemic plan: evaluation of the role of industry funding in published pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) literature
Authors: Gupta Somya , Granich Reuben
Published: August 2021

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is integral to the US End of AIDS strategy. However, low adherence, high costs, frequent testing and monitoring side effects make delivery of PrEP complicated. Gilead has sponsored PrEP-related research efforts and access as part of its marketing efforts. We review potential conflict of interests (COI) in the scientific literature for the US PrEP related articles to understand the impact of Gilead’s corporate sponsorship.We identified 93 US PrEP articles published in the top 10 medical journals and top 10 HIV/AIDS journals in 2018. There were 289 first three and senior authors in these articles, of which, 34 (11%) declared a Gilead COI and 28 (10%) had undeclared Gilead COI. Only 10 authors accounted for 50% of the articles, with 70% of them having potential COI including receiving grants, fees and study drugs. The 93 articles were associated with 51 leading institutions (institution of three or more authors or participating institutions in a trial). Authors from 12 (24%) institutions declared an institutional Gilead COI and 22 (45%) institutions had undeclared Gilead support. Overall, of the 93 included articles, 30 (32%) had declared Gilead COI. Combining declared and undeclared COIs for authors and institutions provided an overall 83 (89%) articles with a potential Gilead COI. Of the 93 articles, 60 (71%) had favorable conclusions in 60 (71%). Declared Gilead support was significantly associated with favorable article conclusions (p<.05) but combined declared/undeclared author and/or institutional Gilead support was not associated with favorable conclusion. Nearly 90% of US PrEP articles had Gilead support and authors failed to report individual or institutional COI in 70% of articles. Direct corporate support is important for scientific research. However, Gilead’s marketing push for PrEP, undeclared COI, and potential influence of Gilead supported authors are of concern given the potential impact on the scientific discourse and the US HIV control strategy.
Attentional capture by signals of reward persists following outcome devaluation
Authors: Watson Poppy , Pavri Yenti , Le Jenny Thao , Pearson Daniel , Le Pelley Mike
Published: August 2021

Attention, the mechanism that prioritises stimuli in the environment for further processing, plays an important role in behavioural choice. In the current study we investigated the automatic orienting of attention to cues that signal reward. Such attentional capture occurs despite negative consequences, but the sensitivity of this counterproductive and reflexive behaviour to shifts in outcome value has not yet been investigated. Thirsty participants completed a visual-search task, in which the colour of a distractor stimulus in the search display signalled whether participants would earn water or potato chips for making a rapid eye movement to a diamond target, but looking at the coloured distractor was punished by omission of the signalled reward. Nevertheless, participants looked at the water-signalling distractor more frequently than the chips-signalling distractor. Half the participants then drank water ad libitum before continuing with the visual-search task. Although the water was now significantly less desirable for half of the participants, there was no difference between groups in the tendency for the water-signalling distractor to capture attention. These findings suggest that once established, attentional bias to signals of food and drink rewards persists, even when those outcomes are no longer valuable. This suggests a ‘habit-like’ attentional mechanism which prioritises reward stimuli in the environment for further action, regardless of whether those stimuli are aligned with current goals, or currently desired.
Developmental and Etiological Patterns of Substance Use from Adolescence to Middle Age: A Longitudinal Twin Study
Authors: Zellers Stephanie , Iacono William G. , McGue Matt , VRIEZE SCOTT
Published: August 2021

Background: Common liability to addiction framework suggests the tendency to use substances is largely a general heritable liability, but little is known about how expression of this liability varies from adolescence to middle age. We evaluated average trajectories of development and covariation underlying commonly used substances using a genetically informative prospective design spanning three decades. Methods: Using a sample of 3,762 twins across 7 prospective waves of assessment spanning ages 14-40, we modeled these relationships using two complementary approaches: common factor modeling and piecewise latent growth modeling with measures of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana useResults: We found phenotypic (rp ~.3-.9) and genetic covariation (rg ~.3-1) between a single common factor at each age, though the factor explained less shared variance over time. Average substance use increased across adolescence for all phenotypes and either declined in adulthood or remained stable; these trajectories were heritable (~.35-.75) across all stages of development. We also found shared environmental covariation underlying growth model intercepts reflecting use at age 16 (rc ~.7-1). Conclusions: A heritable common factor accounted for co-occurring substance use from mid-adolescence to mid-adulthood, and greater substance specificity emerged with maturation. Similarly, all stages of substance use development were heritable, but correlations between substances weakened across development. These results extend and reinforce prior work examining consumption and problem use, providing new evidence over a broad age range showing that individuals use substances more indiscriminately at younger ages and show preferences later.
Parochial Reciprocity
Authors: Columbus Simon , Thielmann Isabel , Zettler Ingo , Böhm Robert
Published: August 2021

The notion of parochial altruism suggests that humans are intrinsically motivated to harm out-groups, and that this is tightly connected to a preference for benefitting their in-group. Yet, there is little evidence for the kind of unconditional out-group harm suggested by this account, nor for the assertion that it would be associated with in-group cooperation. Instead, humans selectively reciprocate actual, but also potential aggression. We therefore posit a model of parochial reciprocity, according to which individuals preemptively retaliate against anticipated harms to their in-group. To test predictions arising from these competing accounts, we elicited preferences for the welfare of in-group and out-group members and beliefs about in-group and out-group members' behaviours prior to confronting participants with an incentivised intergroup conflict game with natural groups (online sample; N = 973). In this game, individuals could pay to benefit their in-group, but had the option to additionally harm the out-group without incurring any further costs. Individuals who valued their in-group more strongly were no more likely to harm the out-group, thus contradicting parochial altruism. Instead, individuals who expected the out-group to harm their in-group preemptively retaliated the anticipated attack. Importantly, they only did so when the out-group posed an actual threat to the in-group. Taken together, the findings suggest that participation in intergroup conflict is better explained by parochial reciprocity than purely by group-based preferences.
A mixed-method investigation into measurement reactivity to the experience sampling method: The role of sampling protocol and individual characteristics
Authors: Eisele Gudrun , Vachon Hugo , Lafit Ginette , Tuyaerts Daphne , Houben Marlies , Kuppens Peter , Myin-Germeys Inez , Viechtbauer Wolfgang
Published: August 2021

Since the introduction of the experience sampling method (ESM), there have been concerns that the repeated assessments typically related to this method may alter the behavior, thoughts, or feelings of participants. Previous studies have offered mixed results with some studies reporting reactive changes while others failed to find such effects. Our aim was to investigate under which circumstances ESM induces reactive effects.Students (N = 151) were randomly assigned to receive a questionnaire containing 30 or 60 items 3, 6, or 9 times per day for 14 days. A random sample of 50 participants took part in qualitative interviews after the end of the data collection. We investigated changes over time in the data, while taking into account the sampling protocol and characteristics of participants, and analyzed qualitative reports of measurement reactivity.Decreases in completion time, within-person variance of ratings and subjective reports of habituation point towards the existence of a habituation period. While participants also reported increases in emotional awareness in interviews, ESM measures indicated a decrease in emotional awareness over time. Changes in behavior were rare in quantitative and qualitative reports. Positive affect was found to decrease over time in the ESM data and various changes in affect, emotion regulation, and thoughts were reported in interviews. Individual characteristics and sampling protocol had inconsistent effects on changes over time.The current results suggest that ESM induces reactivity. These reactive changes may be particularly relevant to researchers investigating within-person variability, completion times, affect, or emotional awareness.
What makes you "Ew"? Cross-national differences in disgust sensitivity
Authors: Puthillam Arathy
Published: August 2021

Disgust, as an emotional reaction to aversive stimuli, is thought to be universal; however, specific triggers of disgust may differ across cultures. Even though this has been acknowledged in previous studies, very little research has focused on measurement issues in cross-cultural assessment of disgust. The present study aimed to evaluate measurement equivalence of the three-domain disgust scale in a sample of US Americans and Indians. Specifically, confirmatory factor analysis, for the overall sample, as well as a subsample of Indians and Americans are reported. Next, a multi-group CFA and measurement invariance are tested, along with the size of non-equivalence. Scalar invariance was not found, implying that means cannot be compared across the two countries. However, the scale showed adequate fit in the Indian context, suggesting that it can be used to assess trait disgust sensitivity in India. Finally, item-level differences are noted, and explained via differences in cultural and legal norms.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PAKAN AZOLLA MICROPHYLLA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN IKAN NILA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS) SEBAGAI RANCANGAN PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI SMA
Authors: Suwondo Suwondo , Darmadi Darmadi , Amin Muhammad
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine the growth of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with the use of Azolla microphylla feed and its potential to produce a module design on the material for growth and development of living things in class XII odd semester KD 3.10 and KD 4.10.This research was conducted from May to August 2020 at Danau Selais LPPM Riau University. This study used 2 stages, namely. Phase I research used quantitative descriptive to determine the growth of tilapia on Azolla microphyla feed with different feeding percentages. Fish were grouped into 3 treatments and 1 control. Fish are reared in different cages with different percentage of feeding. The research parameters included absolute length growth, absolute weight growth, nisbi  growth rate, and survival rate.Phase II research is a module teaching material design that uses 2 stages, namely, the Analyze and Design stages.The results of the experimental stage of research, feeding Azolla microphylla affected the growth of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). P3 treatment (giving 5% Azolla microphylla from fish biomass) is the best dose in increasing the growth of tilapia. Resulted in the absolute length growth of 4.24 cm, absolute weight 11.72 g, 4.68% relative growth, 4,68% specific growth rate and 99.4% survival rate. The P3 treatment resulted in a growth which was much lower than the P0 treatment (control).
Potensi Pengembangan Budidaya Pada Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Datok Bandar Kabupaten Lingga
Authors: Razai Tengku Said , Ulfah Fitria , Lestari Febrianti , Apdillah Dony , Karlina Ita , Idris Fadhliyah , Febrianto Try
Published: August 2021

The development of aquaculture in the Marine Protected Area (KKP) has to recognize the sustainability and the balancing of the ecosystem in that area. It causes limited rights of users who want to develop their business, where the issuance of permits and business management regulations is an obligation that must be followed by aquaculture business developers in the KKP area. The study aimed was to formulate the technical directions in developing the potential for aquaculture business in the Marine Protected Area of Datok Bandar (KKPD) at Lingga Regency. The method used in this research is a descriptive quantitative using analysis of the carrying capacity of the environment for aquaculture, water quality parameters, and a participatory approach. The results showed that the potential area to be developed for aquaculture was 3,736.01 ha. However, based on the carrying capacity analysis, only 268,420 ha or 7.2% from the existing potential can be utilized for aquaculture. Furthermore, based on the water quality measurements for aquaculture, the KKPD area was divided into 3 designations groups of aquaculture areas, namely the KJT, KJA, and seaweed. The number of aquaculture business units that were allowed in this area was 16,776 units consisting of 10,066 small business units and 6,710 medium business units with 7 types of superior fish. The limitation of land area and some business units in conservation areas were important to ensure the sustainability of the environment in the future. The implication of this research could be used as a basis for issuing aquaculture business permits, and to ensure that small-scale aquaculture fishermen have a large proportion. In addition to ensuring the existence of local communities who were generally small farmers, conservation areas were very vulnerable to environmental changes, so the risk factors and impacts of business utilization were important to consider.
Development of A Web-Based Recitation Program with Multiple Representations on Kinematics Material
Authors: Dewi Febryanti Alfiana , Arief Taqwa Muhammad Reyza
Published: August 2021

This research aims to develop a web-based recitation program with multiple representations of kinematics material and to determine the feasibility of the product being developed. The recitation program aims to make it easier for students to deepen kinematics material outside lecture hours. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with a 4D model development design consisting of 4 stages, namely defining, designing, developing, and disseminating. The data obtained from this research are quantitative data obtained from questionnaire assessment scores on the validation sheet and practicality test sheets based on the Likert scale, as well as qualitative data obtained from suggestions/comments from validators and students. The validity test was carried out by 1 physics lecturer at the State University of Malang and 2 physics lecturers outside UM, while the practicality test was carried out on 60 UM physics students who had obtained kinematics material. The data analysis technique used is the descriptive qualitative analysis and descriptive statistical analysis. In this research, the results of the data analysis of the program display validation were 87.67% and the results of the content validation data analysis were 93.31% with the valid category. While the practicality test obtained a percentage of 84.33% with practical criteria. The validation results and practicality test results show that the products developed are valid and suitable for use by students as independent teaching materials.
Study of The Variation of Activating Agents on Specific Capacitance Values on The Synthesis of Supercapacitor Electrodes Based on Pepper Peel Waste
Authors: Budi Kurniawan Widodo , Indriawati Anisa , Oktaviani Siska
Published: August 2021

The by-product of pepper production in Bangka Belitung is the waste of pepper skin. This waste tends to be untapped and thrown away so that it can disrupt the environmental ecosystem. One of the efforts to utilize pepper skin waste is processing it into activated carbon as the base material for supercapacitor electrodes. The initial stage of the synthesis was carried out by a pre-carbonization process on a sample of dry and clean pepper peel waste. Furthermore, the sample is chemically activated using a chemical activator and also physical activation at a temperature of 700ºC in N2 gas flow conditions. The activated carbon resulting from the activation is then molded into electrode plates in the form of pellets with a diameter of 1 cm. The electrode plates were characterized using a scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX) to determine morphology and cyclic voltammetry (CV) to determine the specific capacitance value. SEM test results show that the electrode sample has porous morphology and CV results show that the sample activated using the KOH activator has a specific capacitance value of 15.20 F/g. These results indicate that the activated carbon synthesized from the waste of pepper peel can be used as a supercapacitor electrode material and also a solution for overcoming the negative effects of pepper skin waste.
Meta-Analysis of The Effect of Problem Based Learning Model on Understanding Physics Concepts of High School Students
Authors: Putra Wijaya Tomi , Triwijaya Anisa , Menix Frennadito , Desnita Desnita
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of problem based learning on the understanding of high school students' concepts. The meta-analysis, which was conducted by summarizing several research articles on the effect of problem based learning on physics learning, was also carried out on students' understanding of concepts in physics learning obtained from articles published between 2015 and 2020. In particular, this research obtained an effect size (ES) =1.005 (high category). The research was conducted by grouping 20 articles into two categories, namely based on the material unit, and based on the approach used. Based on the material unit, there are 15 articles that were analyzed by effect size (ES) and obtained an effect of 0.82 with a high category with a percentage of 54.5%. The material with the greatest influence is temperature and heat with ES = 1.78, while the grouping based on the approach used there are 5 articles that were analyzed with the results of the effect size (ES) analysis of 1.19 with a high category with a percentage of 60%. The approach that has the most influence on PBL is HOTS with ES= 3.02. From the results of this study, it can be seen that the PBL model has a significant effect on physics learning. The hope of this research is that it can be a reference in reviewing the application of PBL in learning in Indonesia.