bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
With or without pheromone habituation: possible differences between insect orders?
Authors: Suckling David Maxwell , Stringer Lloyd D , Jiménez‐Pérez Alfredo , Walter Gimme H , Sullivan Nicola , El‐Sayed Ashraf M
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND

Habituation to sex pheromones is one of the key mechanisms in mating disruption, an insect control tactic. Male moths often show reduced sexual response after pre‐exposure to female sex pheromone. Mating disruption is relatively rare in insect orders other than Lepidoptera.

RESULTS

As a positive control we confirmed habituation in a moth (Epiphyas postvittana) using 24 h pre‐exposure to sex pheromone to reduce subsequent activation behaviour. We then tested the impact of pre‐exposure to sex or trail pheromone on subsequent behavioural response with insects from three other orders. Similar pre‐exposure for 24 h to either sex pheromone [Pseudococcus calceolariae (Homoptera) and apple leaf curling midge Dasineura mali (Diptera), or trail pheromone of Argentine ants (Linepithema humile (Hymenoptera)], followed by behavioural assay in clean air provided no evidence of habituation after pre‐exposure in these latter cases.

CONCLUSIONS

The moths alone were affected by pre‐exposure to pheromone. For pests without habituation, sustained attraction to a point source may make lure and kill more economical. Improved knowledge of behavioural processes should lead to better success in pest management and mechanisms should be investigated further to inform studies and practical efforts generally enhancing effectiveness of pheromone‐based management. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Translational Systems Pharmacology Studies in Pregnant Women
Authors: Quinney Sara K. , Gullapelli Rakesh , Haas David M.
Published: December 2017

Pregnancy involves rapid physiological adaptation and complex interplay between mother and fetus. New analytic technologies provide large amounts of genomic, proteomic, and metabolomics data. The integration of these data through bioinformatics, statistical, and systems pharmacology techniques can improve our understanding of the mechanisms of normal maternal physiologic changes and fetal development. New insights into the mechanisms of pregnancy‐related disorders, such as preterm birth (PTB), may lead to the development of new therapeutic interventions and novel biomarkers.
Disturbance observer–based prescribed adaptive control for rate‐dependent hysteretic systems
Authors: Zhang Yangming , Yan Peng
Published: December 2017

In this paper, a disturbance observer–based prescribed adaptive control approach is proposed for ultra‐high‐precision tracking of a class of hysteretic systems with both high‐order matched and mismatched disturbances. Considering the adverse effects of asymmetric and rate‐dependent hysteresis nonlinearities, a polynomial‐based rate‐dependent Prandtl‐Ishlinskii model is first developed to characterize their behaviors, and inverse model based compensation is also constructed. Furthermore, the resulting inverse compensation error is analytically given, and a novel disturbance observer with adaptive control techniques is designed to handle the bounded disturbances, including the inverse compensation error and the high‐order matched and mismatched disturbances. Comparative experiments on a multiaxis nano servo stage are finally conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control architecture, where substantial performance improvement over existing results are achieved on various tracking scenarios.
Refining the Structural Features of Chromones as Selective MAO‐B Inhibitors: Exploration of Combined Pharmacophore‐Based 3D‐QSAR and Quantum Chemical Studies
Authors: Mathew Bijo , Dev Sanal , Joy Monu , Mathew Githa E. , Marathakam Akash , Krishnan Girish K.
Published: December 2017

Synthetic chromones are considered as a validated target of the inhibition of monoamine oxidase‐B and its relationship to various neurodegenerative diseases is increasing. Herein described is pharmacophore generation and atom‐based 3D‐QSAR analysis of previously reported chromone based MAO−B inhibitors in order to get insight into their structural requirements responsible for high affinity. The best four‐point pharmacophore model with five features AAHRR‐3, two hydrogen bond acceptor (A),one hydrophobic groups (H) and two aromatic rings (R) as pharmacophore features was developed by PHASE module of Schrodinger suite. The pharmacophore hypothesis yielded a statistically significant 3D‐QSAR model, with a good correlation coefficient (R2=0. 8828), cross validation coefficient (Q2= 0. 7036), and F value 50.2. In this series, the potent molecule 6‐(3‐bromobenzyl)‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one (5) is further exploited for electrostatic potential surface and analyze the natural bond orbital toward the binding characteristics by using density functional theory calculations.
Spatially Probed Plasmonic Photothermic Nanoheater Enhanced Hybrid Polymeric–Metallic PVDF‐Ag Nanogenerator
Authors: Liow Chi Hao , Lu Xin , Tan Chuan Fu , Chan Kwok Hoe , Zeng Kaiyang , Li Shuzhou , Ho Ghim Wei
Published: December 2017

Surface plasmon‐based photonics offers exciting opportunities to enable fine control of the site, span, and extent of mechanical harvesting. However, the interaction between plasmonic photothermic and piezoresponse still remains underexplored. Here, spatially localized and controllable piezoresponse of a hybrid self‐polarized polymeric‐metallic system that correlates to plasmonic light‐to‐heat modulation of the local strain is demonstrated. The piezoresponse is associated to the localized plasmons that serve as efficient nanoheaters leading to self‐regulated strain via thermal expansion of the electroactive polymer. Moreover, the finite‐difference time‐domain simulation and linear thermal model also deduce the local strain to the surface plasmon heat absorption. The distinct plasmonic photothermic–piezoelectric phenomenon mediates not only localized external stimulus light response but also enhances dynamic piezoelectric energy harvesting. The present work highlights a promising surface plasmon coordinated piezoelectric response which underpins energy localization and transfer for diversified design of unique photothermic–piezotronic technology.
Out‐of‐Plane 3D‐Printed Microfibers Improve the Shear Properties of Hydrogel Composites
Authors: de Ruijter Mylène , Hrynevich Andrei , Haigh Jodie N. , Hochleitner Gernot , Castilho Miguel , Groll Jürgen , Malda Jos , Dalton Paul D.
Published: December 2017

One challenge in biofabrication is to fabricate a matrix that is soft enough to elicit optimal cell behavior while possessing the strength required to withstand the mechanical load that the matrix is subjected to once implanted in the body. Here, melt electrowriting (MEW) is used to direct‐write poly(ε‐caprolactone) fibers “out‐of‐plane” by design. These out‐of‐plane fibers are specifically intended to stabilize an existing structure and subsequently improve the shear modulus of hydrogel–fiber composites. The stabilizing fibers (diameter = 13.3 ± 0.3 µm) are sinusoidally direct‐written over an existing MEW wall‐like structure (330 µm height). The printed constructs are embedded in different hydrogels (5, 10, and 15 wt% polyacrylamide; 65% poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA)) and a frequency sweep test (0.05–500 rad s−1, 0.01% strain, n = 5) is performed to measure the complex shear modulus. For the rheological measurements, stabilizing fibers are deposited with a radial‐architecture prior to embedding to correspond to the direction of the stabilizing fibers with the loading of the rheometer. Stabilizing fibers increase the complex shear modulus irrespective of the percentage of gel or crosslinking density. The capacity of MEW to produce well‐defined out‐of‐plane fibers and the ability to increase the shear properties of fiber‐reinforced hydrogel composites are highlighted.
Comparative Study of the Influence of Reversion‐ and Recovery‐ Annealing on the Mechanical Behavior of High‐Manganese Steels with Varying Stacking Fault Energy
Authors: Brasche Frederike , Haase Christian , Barrales‐Mora Luis A. , Molodov Dmitri A.
Published: December 2017

High‐manganese steels are promising candidates for application in crash‐relevant automobile components due to their outstanding mechanical properties. These properties result from the activation of additional plasticity effects, such as transformation‐induced plasticity (TRIP) and twinning‐induced plasticity (TWIP). In the present study, we investigate the influence of thermomechanical treatment, specifically by reversion‐annealing, on the mechanical properties. Three alloys with varying stacking fault energy (SFE) values are used: a X8Mn23 TRIP steel (SFE≈5 mJ m−2), a X30Mn22 TWIP/TRIP steel (SFE≈16.3 mJ m−2), and a X30MnAl22‐1 TWIP steel (SFE≈25 mJ m−2). The objective of the study is to combine the beneficial influences of the TWIP and TRIP effect to tailor the mechanical properties. Bimodal microstructures are generated by pre‐deformation with subsequent reversion‐ or recovery‐annealing to correlate the influence of the different microstructural features with the tensile behavior. During reversion‐annealing at 350 °C for 2 min, the previously introduced ϵ‐martensite is transformed to soft austenite. At the same time, dislocations and deformation‐induced twin boundaries are thermally stable. Recovery‐annealing at 550 °C for 30 min results in the annihilation of dislocations, but retention of deformation twins. These bimodal microstructures, comprised of strong and soft austenite, facilitate an improved yield strength‐ductility combination. Reversion‐annealing of the TWIP/TRIP steel results in a slightly higher yield strength with lower total elongation, but decreased work‐hardening rates compare to the recovery‐annealed TWIP steel.
Managing cardiovascular risk in high‐risk prostate cancer
Authors: Plummer Chris , Collins Peter , Rosario Derek J. , Kirby Mike , Jain Suneil , Davey Patrick , Kumar Pardeep , Lyon Alexander R.
Published: December 2017

Men living with prostate cancer have a high rate of cardiovascular events, and many of them have risk factors that would be an indication for primary prevention under current guidance. These risks may be increased by certain androgen deprivation therapies. This article reports the outcome of a consensus meeting at which the authors discussed these issues. They suggest a simple assessment tool for use with prostate cancer patients to rapidly assess cardiovascular risk and allow appropriate risk‐management strategies to be implemented.
Improving adherence in urological conditions
Authors: Kenny Thomas
Published: December 2017

Adherence with drugs for overactive bladder is notoriously poor. In this article, Thomas Kenny discusses the underlying issues around adherence and persistence with treatment.
Application of XANES spectroscopy to investigate Sb species in corroded bullets crust material oriented to evaluate the potential toxic effects in the environment
Authors: Rubio Marcelo , Mera María F. , Pérez Carlos A. , Vicentin Flavio C.
Published: December 2017

Lead, antimony, and other toxic metals from pellets alloy are dispersed in the soil of the shooting fields. As long as the corroding bullets are present in soil, secondary Pb and Sb phases appear in the weathering crusts being an important source of bioavailable Pb and Sb. Knowledge about the corrosion mechanism of Sb from the bullet is limited, and reports on Sb speciation in crust and soils are still scarce. Considering that Sb species have different toxicological properties in the environment, this work has focused attention in X‐ray Absorption Near Edge Structure measurements at the Sb L‐edges in order to identify its chemical speciation in crust (Sb(0), Sb(III), and Sb(V)).

X‐ray Absorption Near Edge Structure measurements were carried out at the D04A Soft X‐ray Spectroscopy beamline at the LNLS. Samples consisted of dust crust taken from physically deformed and strongly corroded metallic bullets retained in soil samples sieving from shooting fields of the North and East region of Córdoba, Argentina.

The results showed that the main species found in all samples were Sb(V)(Sb2O5) followed by Sb(0) (metallic). Sb(III) was not observed, and it is known that Sb(III) is more toxic than Sb(V). The results suggested that in these environmental conditions, pentavalent Sb was the predominant species after weathering of metallic Sb from corroding bullets.
Dispute Settlement Reports 2012
Authors: World Trade Organization
Published: December 2017

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization. These are the WTO authorized and paginated reports in English. An essential addition to the library of all practising and academic trade lawyers and needed by students worldwide taking courses in international economic or trade law. DSR 2012: IX reports on European Union - Anti-Dumping Measures on Certain Footwear from China (WT/DS405).
Dispute Settlement Reports 2007
Authors: World Trade Organization
Published: December 2017

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization. These are the WTO authorized and paginated reports in English. An essential addition to the library of all practising and academic trade lawyers, and needed by students worldwide taking courses in international economic or trade law. Among others, DSR 2007: V reports on Brazil - Measures Affecting Imports of Retreaded Tyres.
Dispute Settlement Reports 2007
Authors: World Trade Organization
Published: December 2017

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization. These are the WTO authorized and paginated reports in English. An essential addition to the library of all practising and academic trade lawyers, and needed by students worldwide taking courses in international economic or trade law. Among others, DSR 2007: VII reports on Japan – Countervailing Duties on Dynamic Random Access Memories from Korea.
Reconstitutionalizing Politics in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
Authors: JHAVERI Swati
Published: December 2017

The question of whether constitutional law can protect, consolidate, and advance democracy has been considered extensively in multiple jurisdictions. The issue has not yet been considered in the context of one of the most problematic contemporary democratic transitions: Hong Kong’s, from an externally governed colonial outpost to a self-governed suffrage-based special administrative region of the People’s Republic of China. The Basic Law of Hong Kong proposes the eventual election of the Legislative Council and Chief Executive of Hong Kong by some form of universal suffrage. These provisions are at the core of the ‘democratic constitution’ of Hong Kong. Achieving this goal requires consensus between the executive in Hong Kong, members of the Legislative Council in Hong Kong, and the legislative body of the People’s Republic of China. Although not a formal constitutional requirement, any democratization efforts will also require popular buy-in from Hong Kong residents in order to function effectively. However, it is increasingly clear that the views of all concerned do not converge on how and when these constitutional aspirations should be realized. In addition, all parties have started moving outside of this constitutional framework when deliberating issues of political reform. This article looks at the problems in the constitutional design of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region that have resulted in this political deadlock. The article will then look at one solution to mitigate the effect of these design issues and to move forward again on the issue of reform: ‘litigating’ the democratic constitution in the courts. The article discusses the advantages of the courts in the process: primarily the capacity of the courts toreconstitutionalizepolitical debate on electoral issues. This article evaluates the largely unsuccessful use of the courts thus far by Hong Kong residents to correct and advance political reform. It considers possible reasons for the high failure rate in courts and proposes alternative litigation strategies that can better utilize the position of the courts to re-orient all parties to the Basic Law.
Dispute Settlement Reports 2009
Authors: World Trade Organization
Published: December 2017

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization. These are the WTO authorized and paginated reports in English. An essential addition to the library of all practising and academic trade lawyers, and needed by students worldwide taking courses in international economic or trade law. DSR 2009: V reports on China – Measures Affecting the Protection and Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights (WT/DS362).
Dispute Settlement Reports 2009
Authors: World Trade Organization
Published: December 2017

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization. These are the WTO authorized and paginated reports in English. An essential addition to the library of all practising and academic trade lawyers, and needed by students worldwide taking courses in international economic or trade law. DSR 2009: VII reports on United States – Laws, Regulations and Methodology for Calculating Dumping Margins ('Zeroing') – Recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU by the European Communities (WT/DS294).
Dispute Settlement Reports 2009
Authors: World Trade Organization
Published: December 2017

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization. These are the WTO authorized and paginated reports in English. An essential addition to the library of all practising and academic trade lawyers, and needed by students worldwide taking courses in international economic or trade law. DSR 2009: VIII reports on United States – Measures Relating to Zeroing and Sunset Reviews – Recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU by Japan (WT/DS322).
Dispute Settlement Reports 2009
Authors: World Trade Organization
Published: December 2017

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization. These are the WTO authorized and paginated reports in English. An essential addition to the library of all practising and academic trade lawyers, and needed by students worldwide taking courses in international economic or trade law. Among others, DSR 2009: IX reports on Colombia – Indicative Prices and Restrictions on Ports of Entry – Arbitration under Article 21.3(c) of the DSU (WT/DS366), United States – Subsidies on Upland Cotton – Recourse to Arbitration by the United States under Article 22.6 of the DSU and Article 4.11 of the SCM Agreement (WT/DS267).
Dispute Settlement Reports 2010
Authors: World Trade Organization
Published: December 2017

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization. These are the WTO authorized and paginated reports in English. An essential addition to the library of all practising and academic trade lawyers and needed by students worldwide taking courses in international economic or trade law. DSR 2010: IV reports on European Communities and its member States – Tariff Treatment of Certain Information Technology Products (WT/DS375, WT/DS376, WT/DS377) and United States – Anti-Dumping Measures on Polyethylene Retail Carrier Bags from Thailand (WT/DS383).
Dispute Settlement Reports 2010
Authors: World Trade Organization
Published: December 2017

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization. These are the WTO authorized and paginated reports in English. An essential addition to the library of all practising and academic trade lawyers and needed by students worldwide taking courses in international economic or trade law. DSR 2010: V reports on United States – Certain Measures Affecting Imports of Poultry from China (WT/DS392) and Australia – Measures Affecting the Importation of Apples from New Zealand (WT/DS367).
Mislabeling of an Invasive Vine (Celastrus orbiculatus) as a Native Congener (C. scandens) in Horticulture
Authors: Zaya David N. , Leicht-Young Stacey A. , Pavlovic Noel B. , Hetrea Christopher S. , Ashley Mary V.
Published: December 2017

The horticultural industry is an important source of invasive ornamental plant species, which is part of the motivation for an increased emphasis on using native alternatives. We were interested in the possibility that plants marketed in the midwestern United States as the native Celastrus scandens, or American bittersweet, were actually the difficult-to-distinguish invasive Celastrus orbiculatus (oriental bittersweet) or hybrids of the two species. We used nuclear microsatellite DNA loci to compare the genetic identities of 34 plants from 11 vendors with reference plants from wild populations of known species identity. We found that 18 samples (53%) were mislabeled, and 7 of the 11 vendors sold mislabeled plants. Mislabeled plants were more likely to be purchased through Internet or phone order shipments and were significantly less expensive than accurately labeled plants. Vendors marketed mislabeled plants under five different cultivar names, as well as unnamed strains. Additionally, the most common native cultivar, ‘Autumn Revolution,’ displays reproductive characteristics that diverge from the typical C. scandens, which could be of some concern. The lower price and abundance of mislabeled invasive plants introduces incentives for consumers to unknowingly contribute to the spread of C. orbiculatus. Revealing the potential sources of C. orbiculatus is critical for controlling further spread of the invasive vine and limiting its impact on C. scandens populations.
THE MAYA GRAFFITI OF PLAN DE AYUTLA, CHIAPAS
Authors: Navarro-Castillo Marx , Sheseña Alejandro , Pincemin Sophia
Published: December 2017

The last 20 years have seen a great increase in the awareness of and interest in ancient Maya graffiti. Such graffiti have recently been rediscovered at the site of Plan de Ayutla, in the Lacanjá river basin of Chiapas, and add to the known Maya corpus. The Plan de Ayutla graffiti exhibit a diversity similar to that found at other Maya sites, including production by specialists as well as non-specialists, and themes ranging from daily activities to ceremonial events.
Reading Between the Lines: Prediction of Political Violence Using Newspaper Text
Authors: MUELLER HANNES , RAUH CHRISTOPHER
Published: December 2017

This article provides a new methodology to predict armed conflict by using newspaper text. Through machine learning, vast quantities of newspaper text are reduced to interpretable topics. These topics are then used in panel regressions to predict the onset of conflict. We propose the use of the within-country variation of these topics to predict the timing of conflict. This allows us to avoid the tendency of predicting conflict only in countries where it occurred before. We show that the within-country variation of topics is a good predictor of conflict and becomes particularly useful when risk in previously peaceful countries arises. Two aspects seem to be responsible for these features. Topics provide depth because they consist of changing, long lists of terms that make them able to capture the changing context of conflict. At the same time, topics provide width because they are summaries of the full text, including stabilizing factors.
KNEELING BISHOPS: VARIATIONS ON A SCULPTURAL THEME BY FRANCIS LEGGATT CHANTREY (1781–1841)
Authors: Curl James Stevens
Published: December 2017

This paper will describe and illustrate variations on a sculptural theme in late-Hanoverian and early-Victorian funerary monuments by Sir Francis Chantrey (1781–1841), which, taken as a whole, demonstrate a shift in taste from severe Neo-Classicism to Early Romanticism. In the 1820s and 1830s, Chantrey carved several memorials to Anglican bishops featuring the prelates kneeling in prayer or contemplation: some showed the bishops in high relief against architectural backgrounds, others depicted them as free-standing figures. From the 1840s onwards, the impact of the Gothic Revival and Ecclesiology led to numerous bishops being commemorated by recumbent effigies, so the kneeling type was a relatively short-lived form, and could even be called an invention of Chantrey.
Regional assessment of green and blue water consumption for tomato cultivated in Southern Italy
Authors: Ventrella D. , Giglio L. , Garofalo P. , Dalla Marta A.
Published: December 2017

In the current regional-scale study, the model DSSAT CROPGRO was applied in order to simulate the cultivation of industrial tomato and to estimate the green water (GW), blue water (BW), blue water requirement (BWR) and water footprint (WFP) through a dual-step approach (with and without full irrigation). Simulation covered a period of 30 years for three climate scenarios including a reference period and two future scenarios based on forecast global average temperature increases of 2 and 5 °C. The spatial patterns of indicators relating to the whole territory of Puglia region (Southern Italy), characterized by the high evaporative demand of the atmosphere, are discussed and analysed. Considering the climatic pattern, the analysis was developed for three areas (Northern, Central and Southern). Future scenarios affected all indicators significantly, particularly the Northern area, characterized by higher temperature and rainfall anomalies. Under the A5 scenario, compared with the baseline, this area was forecast to have a large increase of BW (+30%) and reduction in yield (−20%). As a consequence, the BWR and WFP were predicted to increase dramatically, up to 40 and >65%, respectively. On the other hand, Central and Southern areas, with lower anomalies of temperature and rainfall, were forecast to be less vulnerable to climate change. The distributed analysis performed could be important for water policy, allowing most efficient allocation of scarce water resources and concentrating them where the WFP is lowest, or in other words, water use efficiency is highest.
Hypopharyngeal cancer associated with synchronous oesophageal cancer: risk factors and benefits of image-enhanced endoscopic screening
Authors: Ni X-G , Zhang Q-Q , Zhu J-Q , Wang G-Q
Published: December 2017

Objectives:

To explore the risk factors associated with the occurrence of synchronous oesophageal cancer in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer, and to investigate the roles of image-enhanced endoscopic screening in the prediction and diagnosis of early oesophageal cancer.

Methods:

The clinical characteristics of patients with hypopharyngeal cancer (n = 160) were analysed. All patients underwent laryngoscopic and gastroscopic examination using image-enhanced endoscopic techniques before treatment.

Results:

Of 160 hypopharyngeal cancer patients, 43 (27 per cent) had synchronous oesophageal cancer. Heavy drinking (odds ratio = 4.787, p = 0.029) and local invasion of three or more anatomical sites (odds ratio = 14.391, p = 0.000) were independent risk factors for synchronous oesophageal cancer. Narrow-band imaging laryngoscopy could detect more invaded anatomical sites than ordinary white light endoscopy (t = 8.532, p = 0.000). More early oesophageal cancer cases were detected with Lugol chromoendoscopy than with non-Lugol iodine staining examination (χ2 = 4.925, p = 0.026).

Conclusion:

Synchronous oesophageal cancer is common in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer. The heavy drinking patients with hypopharyngeal cancer should undergo intensive monitoring. Image-enhanced endoscopic screening is helpful in the prediction and early detection of second primary oesophageal cancer.
Optimized conditions for thein vitroexcystment ofCalicophoron daubneyimetacercariae
Authors: Huson Kathryn M. , Wild Charlotte , Fenn Caroline , Robinson Mark W.
Published: December 2017

Paramphistomosis, caused byCalicophoron daubneyi, is an emerging infection of ruminants throughout Western Europe. Despite its prevalence, many questions remain regarding the basic biology of this parasite and how it interacts with its host. Consequently, there is a need to develop methods to studyC. daubneyi in vitroto improve our understanding of rumen fluke biology. Towards this, we aimed to identify a suitable protocol forin vitroexcystment ofC. daubneyimetacercariae. Six methods that have been used to excyst metacercariae from a number of trematode species were tested withC. daubneyimetacercariae. Three of these achieved an average of >50% excystment whilst one method, which included an acid-pepsin treatment, incubation in reducing conditions and an alkaline/bile salt solution to activate the larvae, consistently gave >80% excystment. The latter protocol also showed no detrimental effect on the motility of newly excysted juvenile (NEJ) parasites when observed for up to 24 h in RPMI 1640 medium post-excystment. The successful production ofC. daubneyiNEJsin vitrois a significant step forward, and will enable the discovery of infective stage-specific parasite antigens and facilitate drug screening trials, to aid the development of much needed diagnostic and therapeutic options for paramphistomosis.
The interplay between cognitive ability, alcohol consumption, and health characteristics
Authors: Degerud E. , Ystrom E. , Tambs K. , Ariansen I. , Mørland J. , Magnus P. , Davey Smith G. , Næss Ø.
Published: December 2017

Background

Higher cognitive ability is associated with favourable health characteristics. The relation between ability and alcohol consumption, and their interplay with other health characteristics, is unclear. We aimed to assess the relationship between cognitive ability and alcohol consumption and to assess whether alcohol consumption relates differently to health characteristics across strata of ability.

Methods

For 63 120 Norwegian males, data on cognitive ability in early adulthood were linked to midlife data on alcohol consumption frequency (times per month, 0–30) and other health characteristics, including cardiovascular risk factors and mental distress. Relations were assessed using linear regression and reported as unstandardised beta coefficients [95% confidence interval (CI)].

Results

The mean ± s.d. frequency of total alcohol consumption in the sample was 4.0 ± 3.8 times per month. In the low, medium, and high group of ability, the frequencies were 3.0 ± 3.3, 3.7 ± 3.5, and 4.7 ± 4.1, respectively. In the full sample, alcohol consumption was associated with physical activity, heart rate, fat mass, smoking, and mental distress. Most notably, each additional day of consumption was associated with a 0.54% (0.44–0.64) and 0.14% (0.09–0.18) increase in the probability of current smoking and mental distress, respectively. In each strata of ability (low, medium, high), estimates were 0.87% (0.57–1.17), 0.48% (0.31–0.66) and 0.49% (0.36–0.62) for current smoking, and 0.44% (0.28–0.60), 0.10% (0.02–0.18), and 0.09% (0.03–0.15) for mental distress, respectively.

Conclusions

Participants with low cognitive ability drink less frequently, but in this group, more frequent alcohol consumption is more strongly associated with adverse health characteristics.
Let me grow old and senile in peace: Norwegian newspaper accounts of voice and agency with dementia
Authors: SIINER MAARJA
Published: December 2017

This study analyses the remaking of dementia as a social and cultural phenomenon in the public media discourse in a welfare state Norway. A content analysis was carried out of articles on dementia published in Norwegian paper media from 1995 to 2015. The study combined the tools from quantitative corpus analyses and qualitative critical discourse analyses, making it possible to detect and interpret diachronic changes in the dementia discourse. Although the main focus in Norwegian dementia discourse has changed from the disease to the personhood, the agents defining what it means to live well with dementia continued to be predominantly institutional: non-governmental organisations, municipalities, health-care institutions and politicians. An analysis of the uses of the politically incorrect Norwegian term for dementia, ‘senility’, revealed that this term offered an alternative to the institutionalised dementia discourse and functioned as an unconventional and therapeutic-free space where older people and persons with dementia could use humour to subvert these norms and power relations.
Diagrams and discrete extensions for finitary 2-representations
Authors: CHAN AARON , MAZORCHUK VOLODYMYR
Published: December 2017

In this paper we introduce and investigate the notions of diagrams and discrete extensions in the study of finitary 2-representations of finitary 2-categories.
“Purchased in Hong Kong”: Is Hong Kong the Best Place to Buy Stolen or Looted Antiquities?
Authors: Gallagher Steven
Published: December 2017

The looting of antiquities from archaeological sites has received widespread coverage in the media. Concerns about the loss of heritage have resulted in international multilateral and bilateral agreements intended to prevent the illicit trade in looted antiquities. China has suffered from the looting of its archaeological sites for centuries, but the problem has been exacerbated in recent years because of the increased demand for Chinese antiquities and the consequent sharp increase in market prices. China has requested international assistance to combat the illicit trade in its heritage. It is strange therefore that one of China’s special administrative regions—Hong Kong—also one of the world’s major art markets, retains a “legal absurdity,”1which may protect the buyer of stolen or looted goods from claims for the return of stolen items. This statutory provision may result in the bizarre outcome that goods stolen from a museum or looted from an archaeological site and then purchased from a shop or market in Hong Kong may be protected from claims for their return; this protection may apply even if the loser is the Chinese state.
Features of illnesses caused by five species ofCampylobacter, Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) – 2010–2015
Authors: PATRICK M. E. , HENAO O. L. , ROBINSON T. , GEISSLER A. L. , CRONQUIST A. , HANNA S. , HURD S. , MEDALLA F. , PRUCKLER J. , MAHON B. E.
Published: December 2017

The Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) conducts population-based surveillance forCampylobacterinfection. For 2010 through 2015, we compared patients withCampylobacter jejuniwith patients with infections caused by otherCampylobacterspecies.Campylobacter colipatients were more often >40 years of age (OR = 1·4), Asian (OR = 2·3), or Black (OR = 1·7), and more likely to live in an urban area (OR = 1·2), report international travel (OR = 1·5), and have infection in autumn or winter (OR = 1·2).Campylobacter upsaliensispatients were more likely female (OR = 1·6), Hispanic (OR = 1·6), have a blood isolate (OR = 2·8), and have an infection in autumn or winter (OR = 1·7).Campylobacter laripatients were more likely to be >40 years of age (OR = 2·9) and have an infection in autumn or winter (OR = 1·7).Campylobacter fetuspatients were more likely male (OR = 3·1), hospitalized (OR = 3·5), and have a blood isolate (OR = 44·1). International travel was associated with antimicrobial-resistantC. jejuni(OR = 12·5) andC. coli(OR = 12) infections. Species-level data are useful in understanding epidemiology, sources, and resistance of infections.
An Irish Solution to an Irish Problem: Catholicism, Contraception and Change, 1922–1979
Authors: GIRVIN BRIAN
Published: December 2017

When Ireland became independent in 1922 there was widespread support for the imposition of a moral order that reflected Catholic teaching. This was remarkably successful: divorce was outlawed while contraception was prohibited as part of this process. The consensus on moral issues was challenged for the first time during the 1970s. The legalisation of contraception became the main battlefield between conservatives and liberals. This article analyses successive attempts to change policy and discusses the impact of social and political change in a homogeneous Catholic state. Ireland remained a predominantly religious country and the Roman Catholic Church wielded considerable influence. The controversy over contraception challenged the Church's authority and the society's deeply embedded moral values. For the first time, Irish politics was divided on matters of church and state. Resolution came in 1979, however the legislation reflected the continuing influence of the bishops on policy making. It also highlighted the caution of politicians who remained reluctant to act. In contrast to elsewhere in Western Europe, the legislation was not a turning point but an example of conservative retrenchment. The legislation generated a conservative backlash that successfully imposed traditional Catholic values on Irish society during the 1980s. The main sources used are the archives of the Departments of Justice and Health.
Cultural Differences in the Emotional Indicators of the Two-People	Drawing Test
Authors: Bertran Ana María Tuset , Nistal María Teresa Fernández
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The study aims to identify differences in the emotional indicators attributable to cultural variables in the Two Human Figures Test (T2F) of Maganto and Garaigordobil (2009) and to obtain standards of the test for the Indian Yaqui children (Mexico). A representative sample of 654 children aged 5–11 years was used. We conducted a validation study of the emotional items for this sample that met the three criteria established by the authors: (1) they distinguish between clinical and nonclinical groups, (2) they are not developmental, and (3) they have a low frequency (less than 10%). The results show large differences in the presence of emotional indicators between this sample and the original Spanish group used to construct the T2F. Only six of the 35 emotional indicators found in the Spanish sample are valid for this representative sample of Yaqui children. Possible causes of this discrepancy are discussed.
Civic and Political Engagement in Youth
Authors: Chryssochoou Xenia , Barrett Martyn
Published: December 2017

Abstract. This paper reviews the research that has been conducted into youth civic and political engagement since 2010. We begin by noting the claim that youth are not sufficiently engaged either civically or politically. We argue that this claim is probably incorrect: rather than using conventional forms of political participation, youth today are often engaged through nonconventional and civic means instead. We also indicate at the outset some important cautions about the interpretation of research findings in this field, in particular the need to consider the kinds of political issues with which youth are involved, the moments in time at which they are involved, and the societal contexts in which their involvement occurs. We argue that these specificities mean that it might be difficult or even impossible to construct a unified model or comprehensive understanding of youth civic and political engagement. The review then considers recent research findings on the role of micro-, meso-, and macro-level factors in influencing youth engagement. Micro-level factors include political interest, efficacy, ideologies, values, and identity; meso-level factors include the family, school, peers, and the neighborhood; while macro-level factors include political-cultural, economic, legal, and institutional factors. We also review recent findings on the role of young people’s demographic positioning, the effects that social media might be playing in transforming youth engagement, and how political parties can actively mobilize youth. We conclude that young people are far from being apathetic and uninterested in politics, but that they need to find ways to be involved that are meaningful to them. We also indicate some possible future lines of research that could be profitably pursued.
Sea Level Rise May Swamp Many Coastal U.S. Sewage Plants
Authors: Fox Alex
Published: December 2017

Cities typically build wastewater treatment facilities in low-lying areas. A new national study identifies which plants are most vulnerable to coastal flooding.
A Qualitative Examination of Contributing Factors and Treatment Considerations for Pediatric Obesity Among Parents of Rural Preschoolers
Authors: Van Allen Jason , Lancaster Brittany , Seegan Paige L.
Published: December 2017

The primary purpose of this study was to gather qualitative information related to contributors of pediatric obesity in rural preschoolers, as well as potential changes to obesity interventions that could help promote the health and well-being of children and families in this population. Qualitative focus groups were conducted with 17 parents (all mothers, 19–26 years old [ M = 24.7]) of children 2–5 years old with obesity. All study participants resided within a rural area (in a town or county with a population <20,000) and focus groups were held near their homes. Six primary themes were identified through framework analysis of focus group data: (a) limited access to healthy food options in grocery stores and restaurants; (b) challenges with providing recreational alternatives to screen time, especially those that promote physical activity; (c) severely limited access to weight-management services; (d) comfort and acceptability of telemedicine and other technological advancements for behavioral health services; (e) endorsement of the belief that parents are the primary agents of change for preschoolers’ health behaviors and weight status; and (f) general time management difficulties, which limit the feasibility of traditional face-to-face interventions and have a negative impact on their child’s sleep duration. These themes are discussed in detail, and put into the context of potential changes that could be made to current obesity intervention options for preschoolers living in rural communities. These include using telemedicine to increase reach, considering parent-only interventions, and incorporating behavioral sleep medicine intervention components.
Interpersonal Relationships in Adolescent Chronic Pain: A Qualitative Synthesis
Authors: Jordan Abbie , Family Hannah , Forgeron Paula
Published: December 2017

Numerous qualitative studies suggest that adolescents with chronic pain experience disruptions to their interpersonal relationships. A synthesis of this research has not yet been conducted. Using a qualitative metasynthesis approach, we collated, interpreted and (re)presented what is known about how adolescents with chronic pain and their significant others describe their interpersonal relationships. A systematic search strategy was developed to identify and retrieve all primary studies focused on exploring social relationships of adolescents with chronic pain and their significant others using qualitative methodology published by December 31, 2016. Searches identified 1,309 articles, with 8 articles meeting inclusion criteria. Included articles were reviewed for quality and thematic content. Overall, these articles included 127 participants, comprising adolescents with pain, parents, siblings, and peers. Data was characterized by two themes: restriction and tensions. Findings highlighted the complex and typically deleterious impact of chronic pain on relationships held by adolescents with chronic pain and significant others (e.g., parents). Data illustrated tensions between adolescents’ and others’ perceptions of pain on everyday life in addition to a sense of pain restricting adolescent and parental relationships through processes of isolation and difference. Findings also identified the strengthening of relationships due to challenges associated with living with adolescent chronic pain. Study results highlight the importance of assessing the impact of pain on interpersonal relationships. Second, findings illustrate the need to develop and test treatment approaches to enable adolescents and their family members to maintain and strengthen positive interpersonal relationships and to develop more adaptive social functioning.
Fundamental interplay between anionic/cationic redox governing the kinetics and thermodynamics of lithium-rich cathodes
Authors: Assat Gaurav , Foix Dominique , Delacourt Charles , Iadecola Antonella , Dedryvère Rémi , Tarascon Jean-Marie
Published: December 2017

Reversible anionic redox has rejuvenated the search for high-capacity lithium-ion battery cathodes. Real-world success necessitates the holistic mastering of this electrochemistry’s kinetics, thermodynamics, and stability. Here we prove oxygen redox reactivity in the archetypical lithium- and manganese-rich layered cathodes through bulk-sensitive synchrotron-based spectroscopies, and elucidate their complete anionic/cationic charge-compensation mechanism. Furthermore, via various electroanalytical methods, we answer how the anionic/cationic interplay governs application-wise important issues—namely sluggish kinetics, large hysteresis, and voltage fade—that afflict these promising cathodes despite widespread industrial and academic efforts. We find that cationic redox is kinetically fast and without hysteresis unlike sluggish anions, which furthermore show different oxidation vs. reduction potentials. Additionally, more time spent with fully oxidized oxygen promotes voltage fade. These fundamental insights about anionic redox are indispensable for improving lithium-rich cathodes. Moreover, our methodology provides guidelines for assessing the merits of existing and future anionic redox-based high-energy cathodes, which are being discovered rapidly.