bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological Approaches to Cancer Care
Authors: Deshields Teresa L. , Kaplan Jonathan , Rynar Lauren Z.
Published: June 2022

A comprehensive, evidence-based guide to the role of psychology in cancer care

Multidisciplinary authors provide a holistic overview
Details the key principles and models of cancer-related distress
Guides through assessment and treatment
Illustrated with case studies
Printable tools for clinical use

More about the book

Psychosocial oncology is a health psychology specialty that focuses on the psychological, behavioral, emotional, and social challenges faced by patients with cancer and their loved ones. Cancer can cause significant distress, and psychosocial interventions are known to be effective for helping patients and families navigate the many issues that can arise at all stages of the cancer continuum. This volume provides psychologists, physicians, and other health care providers with practical and evidence-based guidance on the delivery of psychological interventions to patients with cancer.

The multidisciplinary team of authors succinctly present the key principles, history, and theoretical models of cancer-related distress. They then move on to explore clinical assessment and interventions in cancer care, in particular psychological and psychiatric treatments, multidisciplinary care management, and complementary supportive interventions. Case vignettes give the reader insight into diagnostic processes and effective treatment planning. Practitioners will find the printable handout and screening tool for clients invaluable in their daily work.
Human‐Climate Coupled Changes in Vegetation Community Complexity of China Since 1980s
Authors: Su Yanjun , Guo Qinghua , Guan Hongcan , Hu Tianyu , Jin Shichao , Wang Zhiheng , Liu Lingli , Jiang Lin , Guo Ke , Xie Zongqiang , An Shazhou , Chen Xuelin , Hao Zhanqing , Hu Yuanman , Huang Yongmei , Jiang Mingxi , Li Jiaxiang , Li Zhenji , Li Xiankun , Li Xiaowei , Liang Cunzhu , Liu Renlin , Liu Qing , Ni Hongwei , Peng Shaolin , Shen Zehao , Tang Zhiyao , Tian Xingjun , Wang Xihua , Wang Renqing , Xie Yingzhong , Xu Xiaoniu , Yang Xiaobo , Yang Yongchuan , Yu Lifei , Yue Ming , Zhang Feng , Chen Jun , Ma Keping
Published: June 2022

Vegetation community complexity is a critical factor influencing terrestrial ecosystem stability. China, the country leading the world in vegetation greening resulting from human activities, has experienced dramatic changes in vegetation community composition during the past 30 years. However, how China's vegetation community complexity varies spatially and temporally remains unclear. Here, we examined the spatial pattern of China's vegetation community complexity and its temporal changes from the 1980s to 2015 using two vegetation maps of China as well as more than half a million field samples. Spatially, China's vegetation community complexity distribution is primarily dominated by elevation, although temperature and precipitation can be locally more influential than elevation when they become the factors limiting plant growth. Temporally, China's vegetation community complexity shows a significant decreasing trend during the past 30 years, despite the observed vegetation greening trend. Prevailing climate warming across China exhibits a significant negative correlation with the decrease in vegetation community complexity, but this correlation varies with biogeographical regions. The intensity of human activities have an overall negative influence on vegetation community complexity, but vegetation conservation and restoration efforts can have a positive effect on maintaining vegetation composition complexity, informing the critical role of vegetation management policies in achieving the sustainable development goal.
Geophysical and Geotechnical Evaluation of Landslide Slip Surface in a Residual Soil for Monitoring of Slope Instability
Authors: Olabode Oladunjoye P. , Lim Hwee San , Ramli Muhd H.
Published: June 2022

Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) technique has been widely used conventionally to monitor slope instability; however, a detailed study to validate ERT models with geotechnical properties for monitoring of slope instability is still rare. The objective of this work was to evaluate soil water conditions in gravelly sand soil that influences slope instability. The ERT investigation was conducted on a 60 m survey length with 1.5 m electrodes space to obtain subsurface geological structures and geotechnical laboratory tests, and experiments were carried out to obtain soil engineering properties for validation of the ERT model results. Our results revealed three geological zones namely: saturated, weathered granite, boulders and floaters, and resistivity values of 1–800 Ωm, 1,200–4,000 Ωm, and >4,000 Ωm, respectively. The saturated zones were characterized by subsidence during dry season and possible collapsed structures of boulders and floaters during prolonged heavy rainfall. The analyzed ERT models revealed that the slip surface of a potential landslide may occur at the boundary between the saturated and weathered granite zones within 3.0 m depth. The analyzed geotechnical properties also confirmed the ERT result because the potential landslide sliding surface was delineated within 3.0 m depth at the boundary between gravelly sand with a lowest angle of internal friction of 30° and a cohesion of 8 KPa, which was easier to destroy, and silty sand with a high angle of internal friction of 33.8° and a cohesion of 12.7 KPa, which was more difficult to destroy. These findings are very fundamental in shaping the earth's surface, especially in the formation of landscapes.
Fault Zone Imaging With Distributed Acoustic Sensing: Surface‐To‐Surface Wave Scattering
Authors: Yang Yan , Zhan Zhongwen , Shen Zhichao , Atterholt James
Published: June 2022

Fault zone complexities contain important information about factors controlling earthquake dynamic rupture. High‐resolution fault zone imaging requires ﻿high‐quality data from dense arrays and new seismic imaging techniques that can utilize large portions of recorded waveforms. Recently, the emerging Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) technique has enabled near‐surface imaging by utilizing existing telecommunication infrastructure and anthropogenic noise sources. With dense sensors at several meters' spacing, the unaliased wavefield can provide unprecedented details for fault zones. In this work, we use a DAS array converted from a 10‐km underground fiber‐optic cable across Ridgecrest City, California. We report clear acausal and coda signals in ambient noise cross‐correlations caused by surface‐to‐surface wave scattering. We use these scattering‐related waves to locate and characterize potential faults. The mapped fault locations are generally consistent with those in the United States Geological Survey Quaternary Fault database of the United States but are more accurate than the extrapolated ones. We also use waveform modeling to infer that a 35 m wide, 90 m deep fault with 30% velocity reduction can best fit the observed scattered coda waves for one of the identified fault zones. These findings demonstrate the potential of DAS for passive imaging of fine‐scale faults in an urban environment.
Wind‐Wave Attenuation in Arctic Sea Ice: A Discussion of Remote Sensing Capabilities
Authors: Collard Fabrice , Marié Louis , Nouguier Frédéric , Kleinherenbrink Marcel , Ehlers Frithjof , Ardhuin Fabrice
Published: June 2022

Wind‐generated waves strongly interact with sea ice and impact air‐sea exchanges, operations at sea, and marine life. Unfortunately, the dissipation of wave energy is not well quantified and its possible effect on upper ocean mixing and ice drift is still mysterious. As the Arctic is opening up and wave energy increases, the limited amount of in situ observations is a clear limitation to our scientific understanding. Both radar and optical remote sensing has revealed the frequent presence of waves in ice, and could be used more systematically to investigate wave‐ice interactions. Here we show that, in cloud‐free conditions, Sentinel‐2 images exhibit brightness modulations in ice‐covered water, consistent with the presence of waves measured a few hours later by the ICESat‐2 laser altimeter. We show that a full‐focus SAR processing of Sentinel‐3 radar altimeter data also reveals the presence and wavelengths of waves in sea ice, within minutes of Sentinel‐2 imagery. The SWIM instrument on CFOSAT is another source of quantitative evidence for the direction and wavelengths of waves in ice, when ice conditions are spatially homogeneous. In the presence of sea ice, a quantitative wave height measurement method is not yet available for all‐weather near‐nadir radar instruments such as altimeters and SWIM. However, their systematic colocation with optical instruments on Sentinel‐2 and ICESat‐2, which are less frequently able to observe waves in sea ice, may provide the empirical transfer functions needed to interpret and calibrate the radar data, greatly expanding the available data on wave‐ice interactions.
Roles of Multi‐Scale Orography in Triggering Nocturnal Convection at a Summer Rainfall Hotspot Over the South China Coast: A Case Study
Authors: Rao Xiaona , Zhao Kun , Chen Xingchao , Huang Anning , Hu Sheng , Hu Dongming , Liu Xiantong
Published: June 2022

The northern mountainous area of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) is a center of convection and heavy rainfall of coastal southern China during the summer monsoon season. Although there are frequent nighttime convective activities and rainfall over the region, the key dynamical and physical processes responsible for the nocturnal convection initiation (CI) are complex and not yet well documented. In this study, high‐resolution reanalyses from the Variational Doppler Radar Assimilation System (VDRAS) were used to explore the triggering mechanisms of a representative nocturnal convection event that occurred over the northern PRD on August 14, 2014. Results showed that the enhanced prevailing low‐level southerly winds, deflected easterly winds caused by the blocking of multi‐scale orography, and northern downslope winds associated with an orographic cooling effect were crucial for generating low‐level convergence and strong updrafts before CI. The low‐level convergence and moisture flux in the boundary layer started to increase at 00:20 local solar time (LST), and by the CI time (01:00 LST), the convergence intensity more than doubled. The intensification of low‐level convergence and moisture transport was strongest before 00:40 LST and was dominated by a zonal component that was closely related to the deflected easterly winds. Using Doppler radar data assimilation, this is the first study to reveal how the deflected flows and the thermally induced downslope winds combine with prevailing monsoonal winds to affect a nocturnal CI over the complex mountainous region of the South China coast.
Cell deaths: Involvement in the pathogenesis and intervention therapy of COVID-19
Authors: Li Xue , Zhang Ziqi , Wang Zhenling , Gutiérrez-Castrellón Pedro , Shi Huashan
Published: June 2022

The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has dramatically influenced various aspects of the world. It is urgent to thoroughly study pathology and underlying mechanisms for developing effective strategies to prevent and treat this threatening disease. It is universally acknowledged that cell death and cell autophagy are essential and crucial to maintaining host homeostasis and participating in disease pathogenesis. At present, more than twenty different types of cell death have been discovered, some parts of which have been fully understood, whereas some of which need more investigation. Increasing studies have indicated that cell death and cell autophagy caused by coronavirus might play an important role in virus infection and pathogenicity. However, the knowledge of the interactions and related mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 between cell death and cell autophagy lacks systematic elucidation. Therefore, in this review, we comprehensively delineate how SARS-CoV-2 manipulates diverse cell death (including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and NETosis) and cell autophagy for itself benefits, which is simultaneously involved in the occurrence and progression of COVID-19, aiming to provide a reasonable basis for the existing interventions and further development of novel therapies.
Gene expression signatures of individual ductal carcinoma in situ lesions identify processes and biomarkers associated with progression towards invasive ductal carcinoma
Authors: Rebbeck Clare A. , Xian Jian , Bornelöv Susanne , Geradts Joseph , Hobeika Amy , Geiger Heather , Alvarez Jose Franco , Rozhkova Elena , Nicholls Ashley , Robine Nicolas , Lyerly Herbert K. , Hannon Gregory J.
Published: June 2022

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is considered a non-invasive precursor to breast cancer, and although associated with an increased risk of developing invasive disease, many women with DCIS will never progress beyond their in situ diagnosis. The path from normal duct to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is not well understood, and efforts to do so are hampered by the substantial heterogeneity that exists between patients, and even within patients. Here we show gene expression analysis from > 2,000 individually micro-dissected ductal lesions representing 145 patients. Combining all samples into one continuous trajectory we show there is a progressive loss in basal layer integrity heading towards IDC, coupled with two epithelial to mesenchymal transitions, one early and a second coinciding with the convergence of DCIS and IDC expression profiles. We identify early processes and potential biomarkers, including CAMK2N1, MNX1, ADCY5, HOXC11 and ANKRD22, whose reduced expression is associated with the progression of DCIS to invasive breast cancer.
Bis-Schiff base linkage-triggered highly bright luminescence of gold nanoclusters in aqueous solution at the single-cluster level
Authors: Deng Haohua , Huang Kaiyuan , Xiu Lingfang , Sun Weiming , Yao Qiaofeng , Fang Xiangyu , Huang Xin , Noreldeen Hamada A. A. , Peng Huaping , Xie Jianping , Chen Wei
Published: June 2022

Metal nanoclusters (NCs) have been developed as a new class of luminescent nanomaterials with potential applications in various fields. However, for most of the metal NCs reported so far, the relatively low photoluminescence quantum yield (QY) in aqueous solution hinders their applications. Here, we describe the utilization of bis-Schiff base linkages to restrict intramolecular motion of surface motifs at the single-cluster level. Based on Au22(SG)18 (SG: glutathione) NCs, an intracluster cross-linking system was constructed with 2,6-pyridinedicarboxaldehyde (PDA), and water-soluble gold NCs with luminescence QY up to 48% were obtained. The proposed approach for achieving high emission efficiency can be extended to other luminescent gold NCs with core-shell structure. Our results also show that the content of surface-bound Au(I)-SG complexes has a significant impact on the PDA-induced luminescence enhancement, and a high ratio of Au(I)-SG will be beneficial to increasing the photoluminescence intensity of gold NCs.
Nickel(0)-catalyzed divergent reactions of silacyclobutanes with internal alkynes
Authors: Wang Xi-Chao , Li Bo , Ju Cheng-Wei , Zhao Dongbing
Published: June 2022

Transition metal-catalyzed reactions of silacyclobutanes with a variety of π units have attracted much attention and become one of the most straightforward and efficient approaches to rapidly access structurally diverse organosilicon compounds. However, the reaction of silacyclobutanes with alkynes still suffers from some limitations: (1) internal alkynes remain challenging substrates; (2) expensive Pd- or Rh-based catalysts have been employed in all existing systems; (3) controlling chemodivergence has not yet been realized. Herein we realize Ni-catalyzed chemodivergent reactions of silacyclobutanes with alkynes. In comparison with the previous Pd or Rh catalytic systems, our Ni-catalytic system features: 1) complementary substrate scope; 2) ligand-controlled chemodivergence; 3) low cost. The ligand precisely dictates the pathway selectivity, leading to the divergent formation of (benzo)silacyclohexenes and allyl vinylsilanes. Moreover, we demonstrate that employment of a chiral phosphine ligand is capable of forming silicon-stereogenic allyl vinylsilanes in high yields and enantioselectivities. In addition, DFT calculation is performed to elucidate the origin of the switchable selectivities, which is mainly attributed to different ligand steric effects.
Detection of quantum-vacuum field correlations outside the light cone
Authors: Settembrini Francesca Fabiana , Lindel Frieder , Herter Alexa Marina , Buhmann Stefan Yoshi , Faist Jérôme
Published: June 2022

According to quantum field theory, empty space—the ground state with all real excitations removed—is not empty, but filled with quantum-vacuum fluctuations. Their presence can manifest itself through phenomena such as the Casimir force, spontaneous emission, or dispersion forces. These fluctuating fields possess correlations between space-time points outside the light cone, i.e. points causally disconnected according to special relativity. As a consequence, two initially uncorrelated quantum objects in empty space which are located in causally disconnected space-time regions, and therefore unable to exchange information, can become correlated. Here, we have experimentally demonstrated the existence of correlations of the vacuum fields for non-causally connected space-time points by using electro-optic sampling. This result is obtained by detecting vacuum-induced correlations between two 195 fs laser pulses separated by a time of flight of 470 fs. This work marks a first step in analyzing the space-time structure of vacuum correlations in quantum field theory.
Active electrochemical high-contrast gratings as on/off switchable and color tunable pixels
Authors: Moon Cheon Woo , Kim Youngji , Hyun Jerome Kartham
Published: June 2022

To be viable for display applications, active structural colors must be electrically tunable, on/off switchable, and reversible. Independently controlling the first two functions, however, is difficult because of causality that ties the real and imaginary parts of the optical constants or changing overlap of fields during structural variations. Here, we demonstrate an active reflective color pixel that encompasses separate mechanisms to achieve both functions reversibly by electrochemically depositing and dissolving Cu inside the dielectric grating slits on a Pt electrode with ΔV < 3 V. Varying the modal interference via Cu occupancy in the slits changes the CIE space coverage by up to ~72% under cross-polarized imaging. In the same pixel, depolarization and absorption by the dissolving porous Cu switches the color off with a maximum contrast of ~97%. Exploiting these results, we demonstrate an active color-switching display and individually addressable on/off pixel matrix that highlights their potential in reflective display applications.
Topological invariant and anomalous edge modes of strongly nonlinear systems
Authors: Zhou Di , Rocklin D. Zeb , Leamy Michael , Yao Yugui
Published: June 2022

Despite the extensive studies of topological states, their characterization in strongly nonlinear classical systems has been lacking. In this work, we identify the proper definition of Berry phase for nonlinear bulk waves and characterize topological phases in one-dimensional (1D) generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equations in the strongly nonlinear regime, where the general nonlinearities are beyond Kerr-like interactions. Without utilizing linear analysis, we develop an analytic strategy to demonstrate the quantization of nonlinear Berry phase due to reflection symmetry. Mode amplitude itself plays a key role in nonlinear modes and controls topological phase transitions. We then show bulk-boundary correspondence by identifying the associated nonlinear topological edge modes. Interestingly, anomalous topological modes decay away from lattice boundaries to plateaus governed by fixed points of nonlinearities. Our work opens the door to the rich physics between topological phases of matter and nonlinear dynamics.
Anatomy of Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 mRNA vaccinees
Authors: Andreano Emanuele , Paciello Ida , Marchese Silvia , Donnici Lorena , Pierleoni Giulio , Piccini Giulia , Manganaro Noemi , Pantano Elisa , Abbiento Valentina , Pileri Piero , Benincasa Linda , Giglioli Ginevra , Leonardi Margherita , Maes Piet , De Santi Concetta , Sala Claudia , Montomoli Emanuele , De Francesco Raffaele , Rappuoli Rino
Published: June 2022

SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, administered to billions of people worldwide, mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, however little is known about the molecular basis of antibody cross-protection to emerging variants, such as Omicron BA.1, its sublineage BA.2, and other coronaviruses. To answer this question, 276 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nAbs), previously isolated from seronegative and seropositive donors vaccinated with BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, were tested for neutralization against the Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants, and SARS-CoV-1 virus. Only 14.2, 19.9 and 4.0% of tested antibodies neutralize BA.1, BA.2, and SARS-CoV-1 respectively. These nAbs recognize mainly the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) and target Class 3 and Class 4 epitope regions on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Interestingly, around 50% of BA.2 nAbs did not neutralize BA.1 and among these, several targeted the NTD. Cross-protective antibodies derive from a variety of germlines, the most frequents of which were the IGHV1-58;IGHJ3-1, IGHV2-5;IGHJ4-1 and IGHV1-69;IGHV4-1. Only 15.6, 20.3 and 7.8% of predominant gene-derived nAbs elicited against the original Wuhan virus cross-neutralize Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and SARS-CoV-1 respectively. Our data provide evidence, at molecular level, of the presence of cross-neutralizing antibodies induced by vaccination and map conserved epitopes on the S protein that can inform vaccine design.
Dynamic interaction of BRCA2 with telomeric G-quadruplexes underlies telomere replication homeostasis
Authors: Lee Junyeop , Sung Keewon , Joo So Young , Jeong Jun-Hyeon , Kim Seong Keun , Lee Hyunsook
Published: June 2022

BRCA2-deficient cells precipitate telomere shortening upon collapse of stalled replication forks. Here, we report that the dynamic interaction between BRCA2 and telomeric G-quadruplex (G4), the non-canonical four-stranded secondary structure, underlies telomere replication homeostasis. We find that the OB-folds of BRCA2 binds to telomeric G4, which can be an obstacle during replication. We further demonstrate that BRCA2 associates with G-triplex (G3)-derived intermediates, which are likely to form during direct interconversion between parallel and non-parallel G4. Intriguingly, BRCA2 binding to G3 intermediates promoted RAD51 recruitment to the telomere G4. Furthermore, MRE11 resected G4-telomere, which was inhibited by BRCA2. Pathogenic mutations at the OB-folds abrogated the binding with telomere G4, indicating that the way BRCA2 associates with telomere is innate to its tumor suppressor activity. Collectively, we propose that BRCA2 binding to telomeric G4 remodels it and allows RAD51-mediated restart of the G4-driven replication fork stalling, simultaneously preventing MRE11-mediated breakdown of telomere.
Anomalous thermo-osmotic conversion performance of ionic covalent-organic-framework membranes in response to charge variations
Authors: Xian Weipeng , Zuo Xiuhui , Zhu Changjia , Guo Qing , Meng Qing-Wei , Zhu Xincheng , Wang Sai , Ma Shengqian , Sun Qi
Published: June 2022

Increasing the charge density of ionic membranes is believed to be beneficial for generating high output osmotic energy. Herein, we systematically investigated how the membrane charge populations affect permselectivity by decoupling their effects from the impact of the pore structure using a multivariate strategy for constructing covalent-organic-framework membranes. The thermo-osmotic energy conversion efficiency is improved by increasing the membrane charge density, affording 210 W m−2 with a temperature gradient of 40 K. However, this enhancement occurs only within a narrow window, and subsequently, the efficiency plateaued beyond a threshold density (0.04 C m−2). The complex interplay between pore-pore interactions in response to charge variations for ion transport across the upscaled nanoporous membranes helps explain the obtained results. This study has far-reaching implications for the rational design of ionic membranes to augment energy extraction rather than intuitively focusing on achieving high densities.
Optimising the classification of feature-based attention in frequency-tagged electroencephalography data
Authors: Renton Angela I. , Painter David R. , Mattingley Jason B.
Published: June 2022

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are a rapidly expanding field of study and require accurate and reliable real-time decoding of patterns of neural activity. These protocols often exploit selective attention, a neural mechanism that prioritises the sensory processing of task-relevant stimulus features (feature-based attention) or task-relevant spatial locations (spatial attention). Within the visual modality, attentional modulation of neural responses to different inputs is well indexed by steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs). These signals are reliably present in single-trial electroencephalography (EEG) data, are largely resilient to common EEG artifacts, and allow separation of neural responses to numerous concurrently presented visual stimuli. To date, efforts to use single-trial SSVEPs to classify visual attention for BCI control have largely focused on spatial attention rather than feature-based attention. Here, we present a dataset that allows for the development and benchmarking of algorithms to classify feature-based attention using single-trial EEG data. The dataset includes EEG and behavioural responses from 30 healthy human participants who performed a feature-based motion discrimination task on frequency tagged visual stimuli.
Using archaeological data for the understanding of Late-Holocene Sea of Galilee’s level fluctuations
Authors: Giaime Matthieu , Artzy Michal
Published: June 2022

In the Jordan Valley, reconstructed changes of the Sea of Galilee level have shown sharp fluctuations of the water elevation during the Holocene. In this paper, we provide new data originating from the excavations of Kursi Beach archaeological site located on the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee and compare them with other data gathered from the archaeological site of Magdala, located on its western shore. Our data yield to constrain Sea of Galilee level changes between the Iron Age II (10th–9th centuries BCE) and the Crusader period (11th–12th centuries CE), a period of high interest for the archaeological community. We demonstrate that water level was around -212 to -210 m mean sea level (msl) for the Iron Age II period. Lake level rose to -208/-209 m msl during the Late Hellenistic/Early Roman period. Water level remained low (<-213/-214 m msl) from the Byzantine to the Crusader period (from 5th to 12th centuries CE). Our data provide new knowledge for the understanding of variations in the Sea of Galilee level in antiquity. We highlight that water level fluctuations must have been key factors taken into account in the habitation pattern.
Olfactory distortions in the general population
Authors: Olofsson Jonas K. , Ekesten Fredrik , Nordin Steven
Published: June 2022

Parosmia, distorted smell sensations, is a common consequence of respiratory virus infections. The phenomenon is not well understood in terms of its impact and long-term outcomes. We examined self-reported experiences of parosmia in a population-based sample from the Betula study that was conducted in Umeå in northern Sweden (baseline data collected in 1998–2000). We used a baseline sample of 2168 individuals aged 35–90 years and with no cognitive impairment at baseline. We investigated the prevalence of parosmia experiences and, using regression analyses, its relationship to other olfactory and cognitive variables and quality of life. Benefitting from the longitudinal study design, we also assessed the persistence of parosmia over 5 and 10 years prospectively. Parosmia experiences were prevalent in 4.8% of the population and it often co-occurred with phantosmia (“olfactory hallucinations”), but was not associated with lower self-rated overall quality of life or poor performance on olfactory or cognitive tests. For some individuals, parosmia was retained 5 years (17.0%) or even 10 years later (10.3%). Thus, parosmia experiences are commonly reported in the population, and can be persistent for some individuals, but might be mostly benign in nature. Our work complements research on clinical-level parosmia, which is typically more severe, and recent parosmia reports during the COVID-19 pandemic, where long-term outcomes are still unknown.
Early dexamethasone use as a protective measure in non-mechanically ventilated critically ill patients with COVID-19: a multicenter, cohort study
Authors: Al Sulaiman Khalid , Korayem Ghazwa B. , Eljaaly Khalid , Altebainawi Ali F. , Al Harbi Omar , Badreldin Hisham A. , Al Harthi Abdullah , Al Yousif Ghada , Vishwakarma Ramesh , Albelwi Shorouq , Almutairi Rahaf , Almousa Maha , Alghamdi Razan , Alhubaishi Alaa , Alissa Abdulrahman , Alharbi Aisha , Algarni Rahmah , Al Homaid Sarah , Al Qahtani Khawla , Akhani Nada , Al Atassi Abdulaleam , Al Ghamdi Ghassan , Aljuhani Ohoud
Published: June 2022

Dexamethasone showed mortality benefits in patients with COVID-19. However, the optimal timing for dexamethasone initiation to prevent COVID-19 consequences such as respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) is debatable. As a result, the purpose of this study is to assess the impact of early dexamethasone initiation in non-MV critically ill patients with COVID19. This is a multicenter cohort study including adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) and received systemic dexamethasone between March 2020 and March 2021. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the timing for dexamethasone initiation (early vs. late). Patients who were initiated dexamethasone within 24 h of ICU admission were considered in the early group. The primary endpoint was developing respiratory failure that required MV; other outcomes were considered secondary. Propensity score matching (1:1 ratio) was used based on the patient’s SOFA score, MV status, prone status, and early use of tocilizumab within 24 h of ICU admission. Among 208 patients matched using propensity score, one hundred four patients received dexamethasone after 24 h of ICU admission. Among the non-mechanically ventilated patients, late use of dexamethasone was associated with higher odds of developing respiratory failure that required MV (OR [95%CI]: 2.75 [1.12, 6.76], p = 0.02). Additionally, late use was associated with longer hospital length of stay (LOS) (beta coefficient [95%CI]: 0.55 [0.22, 0.88], p = 0.001). The 30-day and in-hospital mortality were higher in the late group; however, they were not statistically significant. In non-mechanically ventilated patients, early dexamethasone use within 24 hours of ICU admission in critically ill patients with COVID-19 could be considered a proactive protective measure.
Tracing the introduction history of the tulip that went wild (Tulipa sylvestris) in sixteenth-century Europe
Authors: Stefanaki Anastasia , Walter Tilmann , van Andel Tinde
Published: June 2022

Tulipa sylvestris, commonly called the “wild tulip”, was introduced from the Mediterranean to northern Europe in the sixteenth century and became widely naturalized. Research has focused on tulips that came from the Ottoman Empire, but the introduction path of this native European, early ornamental tulip is unclear, and so is its taxonomic status: three subspecies are provisionally accepted, sometimes treated as species. Here we elucidate the history of introduction ofT. sylvestrisand discuss its taxonomy based on our historical findings. The first bulbs came from Bologna (northern Italy) and Montpellier (southern France) in the 1550–1570 s. Several renowned botanists were involved in their introduction, namely Gessner, Wieland, Aldrovandi, De Lobel, Clusius, and Dodoens. There were various introduction routes, including one from Spain which was apparently unsuccessful. The strong sixteenth-century Flemish botanical network facilitated the introduction and naturalization ofT. sylvestrisacross Europe. Based on the latest tulip taxonomy, the diploid subspeciesaustralisis native in the Mediterranean, and the tetraploidsylvestrisis naturalized over Europe, but our historical findings show that bothsylvestrisandaustraliswere introduced to northern Europe. This underlines the need to reconsider the taxonomic status ofT. sylvestris, highlighting the importance of botanical history in understanding the complex taxonomy of naturalized cultivated plants.
Predictive factors for the presence and long-term persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare and university workers
Authors: Grégoire Céline , Huynen Pascale , Gofflot Stéphanie , Seidel Laurence , Maes Nathalie , Vranken Laura , Delcour Sandra , Moutschen Michel , Hayette Marie-Pierre , Kolh Philippe , Melin Pierrette , Beguin Yves
Published: June 2022

While patient groups at risk for severe COVID-19 infections are now well identified, the risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) transmission and immunization are still poorly understood. In a cohort of staff members of a Belgian tertiary academic hospital tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies during the early phase of the pandemic and followed-up after 6 weeks, 3 months and 10 months, we collected personal, occupational and medical data, as well as symptoms based on which we constructed a COVID-19 score. Seroprevalence was higher among participants in contact with patients or with COVID-19 confirmed subjects or, to a lesser extent, among those handling respiratory specimens, as well as among participants reporting an immunodeficiency or a previous or active hematological malignancy, and correlated with several symptoms. In multivariate analysis, variables associated with seropositivity were: contact with COVID-19 patients, immunodeficiency, previous or active hematological malignancy, anosmia, cough, nasal symptoms, myalgia, and fever. At 10 months, participants in contact with patients and those with higher initial COVID-19 scores were more likely to have sustained antibodies, whereas those with solid tumors or taking chronic medications were at higher risk to become seronegative.
Assessment of self-doped poly (5-nitro-2-orthanilic acid) as a scaling inhibitor to control the precipitation of CaCO3 and CaSO4 in solution
Authors: Hassan Hammed H. A. M. , Abd-El-Khalek Dalia E. , Abdel Fattah Marwa
Published: June 2022

Self-doped- and nitro-polyanilines have become a widely used strategy to optimize the electronic and vibratory spectra of polymeric building blocks in various applications. We report the synthesis of poly (5-nitro-2-orthanilic acid) by an aniline-initiated oxidative polymerization reaction. The polymer is characterized by spectroscopic techniques, elemental shapes, cyclic voltammetry, electrical conductivity, and microscopic and thermal measurements. The hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature of the supports provided the formation of amphiphilicity as judged by SEM. Thermogravimetric measurements reveal thermal stability up to 500 °C and glass temperature (Tg) observed at 240 °C. Electrical conductivity decreases as the temperature rises at the different frequencies used, reflecting the semiconducting nature in the extrinsic range, which is characterized by high carriers and low mobility. The presence of these electron residues causes a decrease in efficiency and increases the thermal conductivity. Dielectric measurements have shown that permittivity decreases gradually at lower levels, mainly due to the transport of charging carriers, resulting in higher performance. The testing of the copolymer as a new scale blocker has resulted in moderate to fairly high performance. This effect is attributed to the change in polymer geometry using intramolecular H-bonding group -SO3H and a chain polymer in an aqueous medium.
Large-magnitude (VEI ≥ 7) ‘wet’ explosive silicic eruption preserved a Lower Miocene habitat at the Ipolytarnóc Fossil Site, North Hungary
Authors: Karátson Dávid , Biró Tamás , Portnyagin Maxim , Kiss Balázs , Paquette Jean-Louis , Cseri Zoltán , Hencz Mátyás , Németh Károly , Lahitte Pierre , Márton Emő , Kordos László , Józsa Sándor , Hably Lilla , Müller Samuel , Szarvas Imre
Published: June 2022

During Earth’s history, geosphere-biosphere interactions were often determined by momentary, catastrophic changes such as large explosive volcanic eruptions. The Miocene ignimbrite flare-up in the Pannonian Basin, which is located along a complex convergent plate boundary between Europe and Africa, provides a superb example of this interaction. In North Hungary, the famous Ipolytarnóc Fossil Site, often referred to as “ancient Pompeii”, records a snapshot of rich Early Miocene life buried under thick ignimbrite cover. Here, we use a multi-technique approach to constrain the successive phases of a catastrophic silicic eruption (VEI ≥ 7) dated at 17.2 Ma. An event-scale reconstruction shows that the initial PDC phase was phreatomagmatic, affecting ≥ 1500 km2 and causing the destruction of an interfingering terrestrial–intertidal environment at Ipolytarnóc. This was followed by pumice fall, and finally the emplacement of up to 40 m-thick ignimbrite that completely buried the site. However, unlike the seemingly similar AD 79 Vesuvius eruption that buried Pompeii by hot pyroclastic density currents, the presence of fallen but uncharred tree trunks, branches, and intact leaves in the basal pyroclastic deposits at Ipolytarnóc as well as rock paleomagnetic properties indicate a low-temperature pyroclastic event, that superbly preserved the coastal habitat, including unique fossil tracks.
Signature of weak-antilocalization in sputtered topological insulator Bi2Se3 thin films with varying thickness
Authors: Gautam Sudhanshu , Aggarwal V. , Singh Bheem , Awana V. P. S. , Ganesan Ramakrishnan , Kushvaha S. S.
Published: June 2022

We report a low-temperature magneto transport study of Bi2Se3 thin films of different thicknesses (40, 80 and 160 nm), deposited on sapphire (0001) substrates, using radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique. The high-resolution x-ray diffraction measurements revealed the growth of rhombohedral c-axis {0003n} oriented Bi2Se3 films on sapphire (0001). Vibrational modes of Bi2Se3 thin films were obtained in the low wavenumber region using Raman spectroscopy. The surface roughness of sputtered Bi2Se3 thin films on sapphire (0001) substrates were obtained to be ~ 2.26–6.45 nm. The chemical and electronic state of the deposited Bi2Se3 was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and it showed the formation of Bi2Se3 compound. Resistivity versus temperature measurements show the metallic nature of Bi2Se3 films and a slight up-turn transition in resistivity at lower temperatures < 25 K. The positive magneto-resistance value of Bi2Se3 films measured at low temperatures (2–100 K) confirmed the gapless topological surface states in Bi2Se3 thin films. The quantum correction to the magnetoconductivity of thin films in low magnetic field is done by employing Hikami–Larkin–Nagaoka theory and the calculated value of coefficient ‘α’ (defining number of conduction channels) was found to be 0.65, 0.83 and 1.56 for film thickness of 40, 80 and 160 nm, respectively. These observations indicate that the top and bottom surface states are coupled with the bulk states and the conduction mechanism in Bi2Se3 thin films varied with the film thicknesses.
Effect of piston texture at inclination and eccentricity work conditions on damping characteristics of a hydraulic shock absorber
Authors: Yu Yangyang , Zhang Junhong , Meng Xiangde , Wang Dan , Ma Shasha
Published: June 2022

In order to accurately predict the damping characteristics of a hydraulic shock absorber under piston inclination and eccentricity conditions, especially, considering effects of piston surface construction. In present work, taking account of piston slight inclination and eccentricity, a more detailed mathematical model was developed to estimate effects of piston texture on damping characteristics. Based on the mathematical models of reservoir and compression stroke coupled with Reynolds equation, a new damping force model was developed, which analyzed effects of piston structure on damping characteristics. The mathematical models of piston texture, piston slight inclination, piston eccentricity and combinations of three cases are developed to analyzed in detailed effects of piston texture at different work conditions on damping characteristics. The results shown that the friction force of piston increases parabolically with increasing depth ratio, and that of piston increases linearly with increasing area ratio. Piston textures have little effects on damping characteristics at specific structural parameters conditions when piston normal operation, however, textures of slight inclined and eccentric piston have great effects. As a result, piston textures might cause high damping force, destroyed comfort and safety. Therefore, it is necessary that effects of piston surface construction were precisely predicted on damping characteristics under different work conditions. The results might provide a new insight for the design of hydraulic shock absorber and investigation of vehicle system dynamics.
Improved diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis using an artificial neural network
Authors: Bai Linlu , Zhang Yuan , Wang Pan , Zhu Xiaojun , Xiong Jing-Wei , Cui Liyan
Published: June 2022

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is chronic systemic disease that can cause joint damage, disability and destructive polyarthritis. Current diagnosis of RA is based on a combination of clinical and laboratory features. However, RA diagnosis can be difficult at its disease onset on account of overlapping symptoms with other arthritis, so early recognition and diagnosis of RA permit the better management of patients. In order to improve the medical diagnosis of RA and evaluate the effects of different clinical features on RA diagnosis, we applied an artificial neural network (ANN) as the training algorithm, and used fivefold cross-validation to evaluate its performance. From each sample, we obtained data on 6 features: age, sex, rheumatoid factor, anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (CCP), 14-3-3η, and anti-carbamylated protein (CarP) antibodies. After training, this ANN model assigned each sample a probability for being either an RA patient or a non-RA patient. On the validation dataset, the F1 for all samples by this ANN model was 0.916, which was higher than the 0.906 we previously reported using an optimal threshold algorithm. Therefore, this ANN algorithm not only improved the accuracy of RA diagnosis, but also revealed that anti-CCP had the greatest effect while age and anti-CarP had a weaker on RA diagnosis.
Screening and diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies in Germany: Current state and future perspectives
Authors: Aramayo-Singelmann Carmen , Halimeh Susan , Proske Pia , Vignalingarajah Abinuja , Cario Holger , Christensen Morten O. , Yamamoto Raina , Röth Alexander , Reinhardt Dirk , Reinhardt Hans Christian , Alashkar Ferras
Published: June 2022

This monocentric study conducted at the Pediatric and Adult Hemoglobinopathy Outpatient Units of the University Hospital of Essen summarizes the results of hemoglobinopathies diagnosed between August 2018 and September 2021, prior to the introduction of a general newborn screening (NBS) for SCD in Germany (October 2021). In total, 339 patients (pts.), 182 pediatric [50.5% males (92/182)] and 157 adult pts. [75.8% females (119/157)] were diagnosed by molecular analysis. The most common (parental) descent among affected pts. were the Middle Eastern and North African/Turkey (Turkey: 19.8%, Syria: 11.8%, and Iraq: 5.9%), and the sub-Saharan African region (21.3%). Median age at diagnosis in pediatric carriers [N = 157; 54.1% males (85/157)] was 6.2 yrs. (range 1 (months) mos.–17.8 yrs.) and 31 yrs. (range 18–65 yrs.) in adults [N = 53; 75.2% females (115/153)]. Median age at diagnosis of homozygous or compound-heterozygous disease in pediatric pts. (72% (18/25) females) was 3.7 yrs., range 4 mos.–17 yrs. (HbSS (N = 13): 2.5 yrs., range 5 mos.–7.8 yrs.; HbS/C disease (N = 5): 8 yrs., range 1–8 yrs.; homozygous/compound heterozygous β-thalassemia (N = 5): 8 yrs., range 3–13 yrs.), in contrast to HbH disease (N = 5): 18 yrs. (median), range 12–40 yrs. Hemoglobinopathies represent a relevant health problem in Germany due to immigration and late diagnosis of second/third generation migrants. SCD-NBS will accelerate diagnosis and might result in reduction of disease-associated morbidity. However, diagnosis of carriers and/or disease-states (i.e. thalassemic syndromes) in newly immigrated and undiagnosed patients will further be delayed. A first major step has been taken, but further steps are required.
Role of CD47 in tumor immunity: a potential target for combination therapy
Authors: Huang Jing , Liu Fangkun , Li Chenglong , Liang Xisong , Li Chuntao , Liu Yuanyuan , Yi Zhenjie , Zhang Liyang , Fu Siqi , Zeng Yu
Published: June 2022

CD47 performs a vital function in cancer therapy by binding to different SIRPα, thrombospondin 1, and integrin. However, its role in tumor immunity and its correlation with prognosis among many cancer types remain unknown. The raw mRNA expression data of CD47 in cancer patients was downloaded from TCGA and GTEx datasets. The protein expression of CD47 was detected using a microarray. Kaplan Meier analysis and forest plot were performed to compare the effects of high and low expression of CD47 on overall survival in different cancers. In addition, the correlations between CD47 expression and immune cell infiltration, stromal components, immune checkpoint genes, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI) were analyzed from the public database. The gene function was determined by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). The expressions of CD47 in CHOL, COAD, ESCA, HNSC, KIRC, STAD, and THCA were higher compared with normal tissues. Elevated expression of CD47 predicted poor prognosis in ACC, KICH, KIRP, LGG, PAAD and UCEC. CD47 expression was strongly associated with immune infiltrating cells among KICH, KIRP, LGG, and PAAD. In addition, significant positive correlations with most immune checkpoint genes including PDCD 1 (PD-1), CD274 (PD-L1), CTLA4 in BLCA, DLBC, KICH, KIRC, LUAD, LUSC, PAAD, PCPG, SKCM, STAD, UCEC, and UVM was noted for the expression of CD47. GSEA analysis demonstrated that CD47 was a key regulator in metabolism-related pathways. These findings provide novel evidence that CD47 could be utilized as a promising prognostic biomarker and combination treatment target in various cancers.