bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface textures of regolith quartz from the Southern Pennines
Authors: Wilson Peter
Published: July 2010

Quartz sand grains from the Millstone Grit grus deposits of the southern Pennines have been examined with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Discrepancies exist in the published literature regarding the time and mode of formation for this material. Several of the observed grain surface features can be related to the diagenetic history of the parent rock, others to the more recent phase of rock decomposition. Evidence for both chemical and mechanical weathering is presented and a relative chronology of surface feature development outlined along with a discussion of the likely time of formation.
Prevention of beach erosion at Aberystwyth: A success story
Authors: Wood A.
Published: July 2010

In a previous paper in this journal (Wood 1978) the geological and human factors involved in coastal erosion at the north end of the Promenade at Aberystwyth were evaluated. It was concluded that only the addition of suitable material to the beach (replenishment) would halt erosion and protect this portion of the promenade. Even while the paper was passing through the press replenishment was in progress (Autumn 1977), and the purpose of this note is to evaluate its success and to look forward to the future.
A note on the glacial and late glacial history of caithness
Authors: Flinn Derek
Published: July 2010

It is generally accepted that in the last glaciation Scottish ice from the Moray Firth flowed to the northwest across Caithness depositing shelly drift. Examination of striae along the east coast of Caithness shows that some were formed by ice flowing into and not out of the Moray Firth. It is argued that the flow into the Moray Firth may have occurred in the last glaciation and that the shelly drift may be a relic of an earlier glaciation. The cliffs of Caithness were formed during the Loch Lomond Readvance and have since been raised isostatically and so have been protected from further marine erosion by their own wave‐cut platform which can be traced into Orkney where it intersects the present level.
A review of Middle Ordovician sedimentation in the St. Lawrence Lowland, eastern Canada
Authors: Harland T. L. , Pickerill R. K.
Published: July 2010

Middle Ordovician sediments of the St. Lawrence Lowland, eastern Canada, and its northeastward extension to St‐Siméon, are subdivided into the numerous formations of the Chazy, Black River and Trenton Groups. Details of each formation and interpretation of environments of deposition are presented and a coherent model for the development of the upper Middle Ordovician Trenton Group throughout the region is presented. In the southwest, around Montreal, a complete and continuous Middle Ordovician sequence is present and Trenton Group sediments overlie well‐developed tidal flat and lagoonal (Black River Group) and mixed shallow subtidal (Chazy Group) sediments. This sequence was deposited on a slowly subsiding, essentially flat, broad shelf environment. Northeastward from Montreal, toward the Montmorency Promontory of the Quebec City area, basal Middle Ordovician sediments become younger and the extent of the shelf area narrowed significantly. The latter resulted in skeletal shoal sediments (lower Trenton Group) developing closer to shore and concomitant less well‐developed clastic‐rich lagoonal sediments (Black River Group and basal Trenton Group). At Montmorency Promontory the shoal sediments (basal Trenton Group) accumulated along an irregular and rugged coastline. Northeast of the Promontory a steep onshore to offshore profile and rapidly deposited basal inshore clastics (Black River Group) precluded the deposition of skeletal shoals and rapid submergence promoted the early development of deeper shelf (middle and upper Trenton Group) and slope and basin (top Trenton Group, Saint Irénée Formation) sediments. In contrast, corresponding offshore sediments (middle and upper Trenton Group) in the southwest reflect a lower depositional gradient and more gradual subsidence. These patterns of deposition were determined by the interaction of the changing nature of the Ordovician coastline southwest, at, and northeast of the Montmorency Promontory and the variable subsidence rates influenced by the eastward evolving Taconic Orogen.
A new section around the Amaliae (Tonge's) Marine Band near Manchester, England
Authors: Chisholm J. I.
Published: July 2010

An excavation for a reservoir at Hartshead, Greater Manchester, has provided a section through part of the lower Coal Measures (Westphalian A). The identification of two marker bands, the Amaliae (Tonge's) Marine Band and the Meadowfarm (Cannel Mine) Marine Band enables the section to be correlated with the standard Lancashire sequence, with consequent revision to the published geological maps. Palaeocurrent data are also given. Trace fossil descriptions suggest differing facies associations of sandstones occurring adjacent to the marine bands in this area.
Repeated basement reactivation in the northeastern Appalachians
Authors: Currie K. L.
Published: July 2010

In the northeastern Appalachians crystalline, basement outcrops within a y‐shaped belt extending southwest from Bonavista Bay, Newfoundland, to Port aux Basques, and thence via the Cape Breton Highland to near Saint John, New Brunswick. Locally a Precambrian platformal sequence lies on the basement. Stratigraphic and isotopic evidence demonstrate that in the Saint John and northern Cape Breton regions, both basement and cover were remobilized about 600 million years ago, the basement probably for the second time. After deposition of a Cambro‐Ordovician cover, these rocks were again mobilized and intruded in mid‐Ordovician and Devonian time. Evidence for basement reactivation in Newfoundland, although fragmentary, is compatible with a similar history. Much of the basement gneiss is presently exposed in uplifted fault blocks.

The observations can be explained in plate tectonic terms if the sedimentary accretion prism collapses during plate convergence, and is pushed onto the craton, which is itself thickened due to compressive stress. Because the edge of the cration is heated, due to thickening of both basement and sedimentary cover, the basement rises due to lowering of density by thermal expansion, and ultimately by partial melting. Depending on relative rates of heating, buoyant rise, and erosion, the process can lead either to a characteristic pattern of linear belts of reactivated basement which display positive gravity and magnetic anomalies, or to a chain of elongate gneiss domes exhibiting gravity lows. Application of the model to the northeastern Appalachians suggests that several continental fragments are present, and that basement rocks have been involved in repeated continental collision and breakup.
The Droimchogaidh sill, Connacht, Ireland
Authors: Mohr P. , Mussett A. E. , Kennan P. S.
Published: July 2010

The Droimchogaidh sill, south‐central Mayo, is sheeted at high‐level in the Ordovician sedimentary pile of the South Mayo Trough. This association now lies raised on the eastern fringe of the Connemara‐Murrisk Tertiary uplift. The sill is basin‐shaped with a maximum thickness of about 100 m. It is composed of isotropic or weakly layered olivine gabbro, and subordinate, locally‐developed picritic cumulates and syenitic differentiates. The chemistry of the gabbro reveals the effects of post‐emplacement hydrothermal circulation, but the magma that supplied the sill was probably similar in composition to that of the analcime‐olivine dolerite dikes further west. The 40Ar/30Ar dating gives an age of 55 ± 1 Ma for the sill, consistent with a younger set of ages from the Irish/British Tertiary province.
The significance of needle‐fibre calcite in a Lower Carboniferous palaeosol
Authors: Wright V. Paul
Published: July 2010

Needle‐fibre calcite occurs in association with root structures in a Lower Carboniferous calcrete crust. The origin of this form of calcite is discussed and the scattered literature from soil science, microbiology and geology is reviewed. It is concluded that while needle‐fibre calcite is not diagnostic of any environment its origin is related to the activities of various micro‐organisms, especially fungi. The use of needle‐fibre calcite as a climatic indicator is reviewed and it is used, with other criteria, as evidence of fluctuating climates in the Lower Carboniferous.
The ordovician crinoid genus Caleidocrinus Waagen and Jahn, 1899
Authors: Donovan S. K.
Published: July 2010

Confusion concerning the precise nature of the crinoid species Caleidocrinus multiramus is due to an erroneous description by Springer which was based on two specimens which were not types. The genus Caleidocrinus is unusual amongst inadunates in having interbrachial plates. The two recognized species are assigned to separate subgenera. C. multiramus, the type species, is assigned to Caleidocrinus s. s. subgen. nov, and has tall, shield‐like radials, concealed basals, and brachials with unsculptured latera. C. turgidulus has broad radial plates supported by triangular basals and brachials with lateral depressions adjacent to plate sutures. It is assigned to Hwcleyocrinus subgen. nov. C. barrandei is a synonym of C. multiramus. Ristnacrinus is probably closely related to this genus.
The taxonomic status of the trilobite Crotalocephalus Salter, 1853
Authors: Lane P. D.
Published: July 2010

It is argued that the type species of Crotalocephalus is C. pengellyi Salter, 1864. The type series and other material of this species is figured, and intraspecific variation of the taxon discussed. Cerauroides cannot be regarded as an objective synonym of Crotalocephalus as claimed by Přibyl and Vaněk 1980. Pilletopeltis is regarded as a junior subjective synonym of Crotalocephalus.

Acknowledgements. This paper could not have been completed without the help of Mr R. V. Melville and Dr J. D. D. Smith, Professor M. R. House and Dr A. W. A. Rushton. I thank the curators of the British Geological Survey Museum (BGS GSM), the British Museum (Natural History) (BM) and the Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge University (SM) for the loan of specimens. Dr R. M. Owens, Dr A, W. A. Rushton and Dr A. T. Thomas suggested improvements to an earlier draft of the manuscript.
Compound quartz and feldspar overgrowths from the Helsby Formation (Triassic) of Cheshire, northwest England
Authors: Macchi L , Veltkamp C. J.
Published: July 2010

A polycrystalline grain of granitic composition with compound feldspar and quartz overgrowths is described from the continental Helsby Sandstone Formation (Triassic; Sherwood Sandstone Group) of the Cheshire Basin, northwest England. Overgrown phases, as seen by thin section and scanning electron microscopy, are in crystallographic continuity with respective components of the host grain and have mutual relationships which indicate the quartz to be the later diagenetic phase. Energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) of the grain surface and of the earlier formed overgrowths indicates the feldspar to have a potassium aluminosilicate composition which is in accordance with the adularia‐habit crystal form of the authigenic phase.
The ordovician (caradoc) volcanic rocks of montgomery, Powys, N. Wales
Authors: Dixon R. J.
Published: July 2010

The Ordovician (Caradoc, Soudleyan) rocks of Montgomery, Powys are shales interbedded with locally conglomeratic volcaniclastic sediments composed of andesitic detritus. New formal lithostratigraphic units are proposed: Montgomery Volcanic Group comprising in ascending order: Castle Hill Shale Formation, Castle Hill Conglomerate Formation and Quarry Sandstone and Shale Formation. The volcaniclastic strata are reinterpreted as deposits of a submarine volcaniclastic fan system sourced by contemporaneous andesitic island volcanism. The observed diagenetic sequence is typical of marine volcanic sandstones and was dominated by hydration reactions related to the degradation of abundant unstable volcanic detritus. Diagenesis has resulted in the virtual destruction of original porosity in the volcaniclastic rocks.
The Longmyndian Rocks of the Old Radnor Inlier, Welsh Borderland
Authors: Woodcock N. H. , Pauley J. C.
Published: July 2010

Two formations are named in the presumed Precambrian sedimentary rocks of the Old Radnor Inlier. The Strinds Formation comprises fine‐ to medium‐grained sandstones and pebbly sandstones. Grain‐size, texture, clast types, and lithological invariance support correlation with the homogeneous and cross‐bedded sandstone facies of the Bayston‐Oakswood Formation of the Longmyndian, assigned to a braided alluvial plain environment. The Yat Wood Formation comprises fine‐grained sandstones, siltstones, and laminated mudstones. It may be equivalent to some part of the Burway, Synalds, or Lightspout Formation. The Strinds and Yat Wood Formations are petrographically similar to each other and to the type Lonmyndian, and were sourced either directly or indirectly from a magmatic arc.

The Strinds and Yat Wood Formations are seen only in faulted contact, and the inlier itself is partly or wholly bounded by strands of the Church Stretton fault zone. Similar faulted relationships are seen further northeast along the system at Pedwardine and in the Church Stretton area. A fault explanation for the juxtaposition of contrasting facies is favoured over that of an original unconformity of Strinds on Yat Wood Formation.
Allocycles and Autocycles in the Upper Part of the Limestone Coal Group (Pendleian E1) in the Glasgow–Stirling Region of the Midland Valley of Scotland
Authors: Read W. A. , Forsyth I. H.
Published: July 2010

The upper part of the Limestone Coal Group (Pendleian E1), between the major marine transgressions of the Black Metals and the Index Limestone, represents an early example of ‘coal measures’ facies. It comprises a distal and a proximal facies association. The distal facies association, which was subject to relatively strong marine influences and included both deltaic and fluvial elements, is characterized by a regular ‘layer‐cake’ succession with laterally‐persistent lithological members. By contrast, the proximal association, which was more subject to fluvial influences and is typified by the variable Bannockburn Main Complex, is characterized by abrupt lateral changes in lithofacies.

The distal facies association is dominant in the west of the Kilsyth Trough, but proximal facies intercalations increase eastwards, so that they constitute a fairly high proportion of the succession in the Kincardine Basin, particularly in areas of locally‐increased tectonic subsidence that were frequently occupied by major channel belts.

Some of the sheet sandstones within the distal association have a lower, upward‐coarsening portion succeeded by a coarser‐grained, erosive‐based, upward‐fining portion. The resulting ‘two‐storey’ profile may reflect deltaic sand bodies having been suceeded by fluvial sand bodies, following a general fall in base level.

Linear regression lines showing the relationship between the number of horizons colonized by vegetation and net subsidence, suggest that local autocyclic, tectonosedimentary processes, such as delta switching, channel migration, and avulsion, were superimposed upon a widespread allocyclic, probably glacial‐eustatic, process. The former processes were most effective within the proximal facies association and in the Kincardine Basin and the latter in the distal association and the Kilsyth Trough.
Sedimentation in a meandering gravel‐bed river: The River Tywi, South Wales
Authors: Smith Simon A.
Published: July 2010

Previous studies of meandering gravel‐bed rivers have illustrated a wide range of bar types. The River Tywi of South Wales shows that significant variations of accretionary style can also occur within a single river. There is a downstream decrease in the proportion of lateral bars to point bars and changes in the morphological characteristics of these point bars. Three types are recognized: simple, linguoid and multi‐unit point bars. Sedimentation on the concave sides of meander bends is locally important. The changes of bar type are accompanied by different styles of channel behaviour.

The River Tywi is interpreted to have deposited multilateral gravel sheets, composed of partially reworked and abandoned bars and dissected by palaeochannels and sloughs. Bar deposits consist of parallel‐bedded gravel, inclined laterally‐accreted gravel, local angle‐of‐repose foresets and inclined lenses of heterolithic beds. The proportion of the various sedimentary structures and the geometry of the abandoned bars varies along the Tywi valley because of the patterns of bar distribution and channel behaviour.

The deposits of this river have strong affinities with Tertiary sequences in the Italian Apennines, previously interpreted as the deposits of meandering gravel‐bed rivers. This type of river is not readily distinguished from ‘Scott type’ braided streams in the geological record, unless exposures are particularly good. In this respect, the presence of abundant, inclined heterolithic wedges and lenses may be a useful diagnostic criterion.
Petrology of two granite types from the Tribeč Mountains, Western Carpathians: An example of allanite (+ magnetite) versus monazite dichotomy
Authors: Petrík Igor , Broska Igor
Published: July 2010

Two granitoid series have been distinguished in the Tribeč Mountains (Western Carpathians) on the basis of the contrasting petrological behaviour of their accessory minerals. The allanite–magnetite‐bearing (AM) tonalite–granodiorite–granite series typically contains dark magmatic enclaves and is produced from oxidizing, more hydrous (about 5.2 wt.% water) melts that were emplaced at depths equivalent to 350 ± 100 MPa. The monazite‐bearing (M) tonalite–granodiorite–granite series contains only metamorphic xenoliths and comes from reduced and drier (about 2.3 wt.% water) melts that were probably emplaced at a shallower depth. The inferred magma properties probably reflect source rock effects. The mineralogical discrimination scheme between the AM and M series corresponds broadly to I‐ and S‐type subdivision and may be useful not only for the granitoid bodies in the Western Carpathians but also for the whole Variscan orogenic belt.
Synthesis and characterization of bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)amino ligands and their Ni(II), Pd(II) complexes: Application to hydrogenation of styrene
Authors: Keleş Mustafa , Altan Orhan , Serindaǧ Osman
Published: July 2010

Transition metal complexes of Ni(II) and Pd(II) with ditertiary bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)amino ligands, (Ph2PCH2)2NC(CH3)3 (1) and [(Ph2PCH2)Nm‐PhSO3]Na (2) (Ph = phenyl), have been synthesized in good yields under nitrogen atmosphere by Schlenk technique. All complexes have been characterized using elemental analyses and spectroscopic techniques such as atomic absorption, FT‐IR, and NMR (1H, 31P). Atomic absorption spectroscopic analysis showed that the reactions of ligands 1 and 2 with NiCl2 ⋅ 6H2O and [PdCl2(COD)] occurred in 1:1 molar ratio. The metal complexes [NiCl2(Ph2PCH2)2Nm‐PhSO3Na] (4) and [PdCl2(Ph2PCH2)2Nm‐PhSO3Na] (6) were found to be soluble in ethanolic and aqueous solutions, as well as slightly soluble in water. Electrochemical behaviors of complexes were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Catalytic effects of Pd(II) complexes were tested throughout the hydrogenation of styrene to ethylbenzene. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:113–118, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20384
Invasion of the mandible by squamous carcinomas of the oral cavity and oropharynx
Authors: O'brien Christopher J. , Carter Richard L. , Soo Khee‐Chee , Barr Lester C. , Hamlyn Peter J. , Shaw Henry J.
Published: July 2010

The radiologic and histologic features of mandibular invasion, and its clinical implications, are considered in a retrospective series of 111 patients with squamous carcinomas of the oral cavity and oropharynx treated by composite resection. Eighty percent of the entire group had either recurrent or advanced (T3, T4) local disease, and 33 patients (30%) had histologic evidence of mandibular invasion by tumor. Preoperative radiologic assessment was unreliable in cases in which infiltrating tumor was confined to the periosteum and superficial cortex—44% false negatives. The extent of bone invasion was found to correlate with the size of the tumor, but not with its histologic grade. The mandibular periosteum was not seen as a morphologically discrete “barrier” and infiltration occurred at various points along the mandibular body, mainly related to the course of the inferior dental canal. The gross and microscopic patterns of bone invasion appeared to be similar in irradiated and nonirradiated resections. The incidence and pattern of recurrent disease following composite resection was the same in the groups with and without mandibular invasion: in each group half the patients were dead from disease and one third alive and free of disease at 2 years. Mandibular invasion alone did not appear to influence prognosis in this series.
Methylphenidate treatment of patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Fernandez Francisco , Adams Frank
Published: July 2010

Five organically impaired and depressed head and neck cancer patients had a marked therapeutic response to methylphenidate (MPD). There was a rapid remission of depressive and cognitive dysfunctions without adverse side effects. The relationship of cognitive, behavioral, and affective symptoms to brain function is discussed. To rule out treatable cognitive and affective disorders, neurobehavioral assessment of the depressed head and neck cancer patient is stressed, and diagnostic and treatment guidelines are given. The results suggest that further evaluation is warranted of the use of MPD in treating seriously ill cancer patients who have either compromised brain function or depression.
ERGOMAN: 3‐D Representation of Human Operator and Man‐Machine Systems
Authors: Coblentz A. , Mollard And R. , , Renaud C.
Published: July 2010

Human factors must be taken into account during the early stages of the design process to ensure the efficient and safe operation of man‐machine systems. The fact that computer‐aided design (CAD) is now widely used in industry emphasizes the need for human modeling tools in these environments. Since 1983 our laboratory has developed a human body modeling application called ERGOMAN running with EUCLID‐IS CAD software. This application creates geometrical models of various sizes making it possible to carry out ergonomic studies of workplaces. The ERGOMAN model is based on a 20‐links architecture with 22 joints and 46 degrees of freedom. Model dimensions were calculated from a set of 22 anthropometric measurements and may represent different operator populations. The interactive manipulation and motion capabilities of the models make it possible to assess working posture, reach capabilities, fit of operator in confined workplaces, visibility, and control layouts.
Hippocampal activation during a cognitive task is associated with subsequent neuroendocrine and cognitive responses to psychological stress
Authors: Khalili‐Mahani Najmeh , Dedovic Katarina , Engert Veronika , Pruessner Marita , Pruessner Jens C.
Published: July 2010

Increased activation of the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, marked by increased secretion of cortisol, is a biological marker of psychological stress. It is well established that the hippocampus plays an important role in the regulation of HPA axis activity. The relationship between cortisol (stress‐related elevation or exogenous administration) and the hippocampal‐related cognitive function is often examined. However, few human studies to date have examined the effect of stress on hippocampal activity and the interactions between stress‐induced activation of the HPA axis and hippocampal function during different phases of cognitive function. On the basis of our previous work, we hypothesized that group differences in stress‐sensitivity relate to differences in hippocampal‐related stress‐integration. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a functional MRI study using tasks known to involve the hippocampal formation: novel‐picture encoding, psychological stress, and paired‐picture recognition. On the basis of their cortisol responses to stress, we divided subjects into stress‐responders (increase in cortisol, n = 9) and nonresponders (decrease in cortisol, n = 10). Responders showed higher hippocampal deactivation during the stress task and lower recognition scores due to a larger number of misses. Intriguingly, stress‐responders showed significant differences in hippocampal activation already prior to stress, with higher levels of hippocampal activity during the picture encoding. Although effects of both cortisol and hippocampal activation on recognition were present in responders, similar effects were absent in the nonresponder group. Our results indicate that hippocampus plays an important role in adaptive behavioral responses. We hypothesize that states of hippocampal activation prior to stress might reflect states of vigilance or anxiety, which might be important for determining interindividual differences in subsequent stress response and cognitive performance. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prenatal stress diminishes gender differences in behavior and in expression of hippocampal synaptic genes and proteins in rats
Authors: Biala Ya'arit Nachum , Bogoch Yoel , Bejar Corina , Linial Michal , Weinstock Marta
Published: July 2010

The study determined whether there were gender differences in the expression of hippocampal genes in adult rats in association with dissimilarity in their behavior, and how these were affected by prenatal stress. Pregnant Wistar rats were subjected to varied stress once daily on days 14–20 of gestation. Adult female offspring of control rats showed significantly less anxiogenic behavior in the elevated plus maze and better discrimination between a novel and familiar object than males in the object recognition test. These gender differences in behavior were markedly attenuated by prenatal stress. Using Affymetrix DNA chip technology on hippocampal extracts prepared from littermates of the offspring used for behavioral tests, we found that 1,680 genes were differentially expressed in control males and females. The gender difference in gene expression was decreased to 11% (191 genes) by prenatal stress. In both sexes, processes like the translational machinery, mitochondrial activity, and cation transport were downregulated compared to controls, but there was a greater suppression of genes involved in vesicle trafficking, regulation of synaptic plasticity, and neurogenesis in females than in males. This was compensated by a higher expression of other components of vesicle trafficking, microtubule‐based processes, and neurite development. Prenatal stress decreased the expression of 19 Rab proteins in females and five Rabs in males, but a compensatory increase of Rab partner proteins and effectors only occurred in females. Exposure to stress decreased the expression of synaptic proteins, synaptophysin, and synaptopodin in prenatally stressed males and females and increased those of PSD‐95 and NR1 subunit of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartic acid (NMDA) glutamate receptor only in females. The study provides an unbiased view of key genes and proteins that act as gender dependent molecular sensors. The disruption of their expression by adverse early life stress may explain the alterations that occur in behavior. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multicompartment analysis of cell proliferation and cell migration in the sezary syndrome
Authors: Shackney Stanley E. , Schuette W. H.
Published: July 2010

Serial radioautographic data obtained in two patients with Sezary syndrome following intravenous tritiated thymidine administration were analysed using multicompartment kinetic models. In both patients, the grain count halving time in the cutaneous Sezary cell compartment was too long to account for the grain count halving rate observed in the peripheral blood. This implies that some proliferating cell compartment other than the skin is primarily responsible for producing the Sezary cells that circulate in the peripheral blood. In both patients, the cell compartment that served as the source of circulating Sezary cells consisted of 5–6 × 1011 cells (500–600 g of tumour) with an average cell cycle time of 3–4 days. By comparison, the cutaneous Sezary cell compartment was estimated to contain 2.2–4.6 × 1012 cells (2.2–4.6 kg of tumour) with an average cell cycle time of 7–70 days. While this study does not permit direct anatomic localization of the primary site of Sezary cell production, the properties of this compartment that can be deduced from the available data suggest the lymph nodes as likely candidates. Thus, the Sezary syndrome may well be a true lymph node malignancy with prominent cutaneous manifestations.
Reed‐sternberg cells cultured from morphologically unidentifiable precursors in the blood of patients with Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Zucker‐Franklin D. , Grusky G. , Baez L.
Published: July 2010

In order to examine whether morphologically unidentifiable precursors of Reed‐Sternberg cells (RSC) may circulate in the blood of patients with untreated Hodgkin's Disease (HD), mononuclear leukocytes were isolated from the blood of 33 consecutive patients and cultured in soft agar. Abnormal colonies containing multinucleated giant cells developed in the specimens of 12 patients. These cells had the light and electron microscopic appearance of RSC. They were positive for α‐naphthyl acetate and α‐naphthyl butyrate esterases, acid phosphatase and lysozyme, bespeaking their monocyte/macrophage lineage. The observations suggest that unidentifiable precursors of RSC could be responsible for hematogenous spread of the disease in some cases. Moreover, since RS‐like cells developed in the specimens of 8 patients with stage I and II HD, it may be useful to evaluate whether soft agar colony culture would yield data of prognostic significance in patients with early disease.
Distinctive clinical features between lymphoblastic and immunoblastic non‐Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas (Kiel's classification) in a series of 141 patients
Authors: Hórni B. , Trojani Monique , Eghbali H. , Durand M. , Coindre J. M. , Richaud P. , Hórni‐Simon Geneviève , Lagarde C.
Published: July 2010

Out of a series of 427 NHML based on the Kiel classification and without previous treatment, 186 were of high grade malignancy and among them were 83 lymphoblastic (LB) and 58 immunoblastic (IB) lymphomas which were included in this study. The LB and IB, which represent the majority of high grade NHML, were compared regarding their clinical features and courses. Eight main criteria were significantly different between these two groups: age of patient, immunological history, mediastinal and pleural involvement, primary or secondary involvement of the bone marrow, secondary leukaemia, secondary meningeal involvement, and involvement of the facial region. Some of these differences (mediastinum and meningeal involvement) are related to subtypes within LB. The differences between these two groups suggest that different treatment programs may be warranted.
T Cell‐dependent B‐Cell proliferation and activation induced by administration of the drug diphenylhydantoin to mice
Authors: Gleichmann Helga I. K. , Pals Steven T. , Radaszkiewicz Thaddäus
Published: July 2010

We have postulated that binding of the hydrophobic anticonvulsant drug diphenylhydantoin (DPH) to lymphoid cells might induce graft‐versus‐host (GVH)—like cell reactions by T lymphocytes and thus trigger autoimmunization and lymphoma development observed in patients treated with DPH. This hypothesis was studied in mice by means of the popliteal lymph node (PLN) assay. DPH, injected s.c. into the footpads of mice, induced a significant T cell‐dependent PLN enlargement. The B cell‐derived population comprised the majority of cells in the enlarged PLN. A T cell‐dependent activation of Ig‐secreting cells in the PLN was induced by DPH. Thymectomy of young adult mice significantly amplified the PLN reaction to DPH and facilitated the activation of Ig‐secreting cells. Since injection of the hydantoin rings only completely failed to induce PLN reactions, it is assumed that the observed PLN reactions are caused by the phenyl groups and/or the highly reactive intermediates of DPH. In conclusion, DPH can induce a T cell‐dependent proliferation and functional activation of B cells. Conceivably, if such a process persists, it might lead to the GVH‐like lymphomagenesis and autoimmunization observed in patients treated with this drug.
Correlation of aberrant proliferation with T‐cell growth factor in adult T‐Cell leukemia cells
Authors: Tsuda Hiroyuki , Takatsuki Kiyoshi
Published: July 2010

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from seven patients with adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL) were found to lack PHA‐responsiveness. However, in most of the cases, minute but distinct proliferation could be induced and maintained by human spleen cell conditioned medium containing PHA or by a combination of PHA and conditioned medium of gibbon cell line, MLA‐144 (MLA‐144 CM). These results indicate that the lack of response to mitogens of ATL cells might be attributed not only to the failure of these cells to produce T‐cell growth factor (TCGF) upon activation, but also to their poor responsiveness to TCGF. Furthermore, a direct proliferative response to mitogen‐free MLA‐144 CM was shown in two out of seven patients; these two patients experienced rapidly progressive clinical courses. This observation raises the possibility that TCGF promotes the growth of ATL cells in vivo, and is related to the clinical course of the disease.
Heterogeneity of the in vitro growth patterns in adult T‐Cell leukemia cells
Authors: Tsuda Hiroyuki , Takatsuki Kiyoshi
Published: July 2010

Adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL) presents heterogenous clinical features, especially in its clinical course. To clarify the differences in the cell characteristics of these heterogenous forms, we studied the in vitro growth of ATL cells. Nine ATL patients were divided into two groups; 5 acute (group A) and 4 chronic (group B). Although in vitro spontaneous growth was observed only in 3 out of 5 cases in group A, the growth patterns were heterogenous. When crude interleukin 2 (IL‐2) was added to the culture, cells from all the cases in Group A showed marked proliferative responses; these patterns were also heterogenous. On the other hand, cells in group B displayed no or poor response. The degree of Tac (IL‐2 receptor) expression was high in group A but low in group B. These observations suggest that clinical heterogeneity might reflect, at least in part, the cellular heterogeneity in IL‐2 responsiveness as seen in vitro.
Myeloproliferative disorder therapy: assessment and management of adverse events—a cardiologist's perspective
Authors: Kenny Dermot
Published: July 2010

Although some cardiac effects, such as palpitations and tachycardia, occur commonly in healthy people, they have also been shown to be associated with agents used to treat the myeloproliferative disorders. Various strategies exist to prevent and manage cardiac effects and minimise their impact on treatment compliance and persistence. These include pre‐therapy cardiac assessment, pharmacological intervention and referral to a cardiologist. Ultimately, treating physicians must use their discretion when deciding which management strategy to use and which cardiac side effects require referral to a cardiologist, but the value of continuous dialogue between specialists should not be ignored. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Myeloproliferative disorder therapy: assessment and management of adverse events—a dermatologist's perspective
Authors: Soutou Boutros , Aractingi Sélim
Published: July 2010

Development of cutaneous manifestations in patients with myeloproliferative disorders can be either due to the course of the disease itself or induced by some of the treatments given. The cutaneous manifestations may reveal an unknown haemopathy and/or indicate a poor prognosis. Some of these alter quality of life. Hydroxyurea has been shown to induce a variety of cutaneous adverse reactions ranging from benign effects such as hyperpigmentation to more severe leg ulcers and squamous cell carcinomas. Herein, we discuss the importance of undertaking regular physical examinations in order to identify and treat cutaneous manifestations early in their course. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Myeloproliferative disorder therapy: assessment and management of adverse events—a psychiatrist's perspective
Authors: McDonald Graeme
Published: July 2010

Chronic diseases such as the myeloproliferative disorders may mask a worsening emotional state in patients, which can be exacerbated by the addition of common treatments such as interferon‐α. Management of mood disturbances is best considered from the first consultation, as the negative impact of impaired emotional well‐being on physiological outcomes is well established in literature. It is therefore important for physicians to be mindful of their patients' emotional well‐being from the point of diagnosis and throughout therapy, and aware of the tendency for physicians to focus on the primary illness. The advice of a psychiatrist may prove useful when discussing management strategies for patients with identifiable mood disturbances. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bridging the gap: the role of pharmacists in managing the drug supply cycle within non‐governmental organizations
Authors: Villacorta‐Linaza Rocio
Published: July 2010

Access to essential medicines remains one of the biggest problems that developing countries are facing in health care systems. Non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) are implementing health programmes on the ground in areas affected by natural disasters or conflict. A vital component of these health programmes is the drug supply system. Based on a field research conducted in Pakistan 2007 and a field work experience in Afghanistan within an international NGO—Merlin—this paper analysed the four functions of the Drug Supply Cycle (Selection, Procurement, Distribution and Use) focusing attention on the importance in management support systems once the emergency phase is over. It shows the core role that the pharmacist plays within NGOs as a member of the health staff with the ability to improve the management of the Drug Supply Cycle. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of a metal plate barrier with circular holes in the forced convection of electronic equipment
Authors: Fujii Masao
Published: July 2010

Two rectangular block‐like elements configured as an electronic module are positioned in a parallel‐walled channel and cooled by forced convection airflow. A metal plate with circular holes as a barrier protrudes above the plane of the modules, which is intended to function as a cover for protecting them from mechanical or electromagnetic damage, or as a thermal control device. The per‐module heat transfer coefficients were measured in the presence of the barrier with various heights, H, and distances, L, between the module and the barrier. In the presence of the barrier with circular holes, the heat transfer coefficient for the two modules was significantly reduced. The corresponding Nusselt numbers are determined as a function of the Reynolds number and the H/L ratio. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20279
Compressing infrared spectrum of exhaust plume by wavelets
Authors: Wang Yanming , Tan Heping , Shuai Yong , Zhang Haochun
Published: July 2010

A study on multivariate calibration for the infrared spectrum of rocket exhaust plume was presented. As samples taken in the data set, the apparent infrared radiative properties of the high‐temperature plume flowfield consisted of variable concentrations gas components and were obtained by using a flux method combined with a narrow‐band model and Mie theory. The discrete wavelet transformation as a pre‐processing tool was carried out to decompose the infrared spectrum and compress the data set. The compressed data regression model was applied to simultaneous multi‐component concentrations for determination of the exhaust plume. The compression performance with several wavelet functions at different resolution scales was studied, and the prediction reliability of the compressed regression model was investigated. Numerical experiment results show that the wavelet transform performs an effective compression preprocessing technique in multivariate calibration and enhances the ability in characteristic extraction of the exhaust plume infrared spectrum. Using the compressed data regression model, the reconstructing results are almost identical when compared to the original spectrum, and the original size of the data set has been reduced to about 5% while the computational time needed decreases significantly. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20280
Observation of surface crystal sublimation during frosting
Authors: Liang Zhanpeng , Peng Xiaofeng , Li Zhimin , Wang Buxuan
Published: July 2010

Morphological variation of surface ice crystals on a cooling surface during frosting was visually observed using a microscope. In the full growth stage of a frost layer, unusual sublimation started from the root of a prism‐like crystal together with the growth of other nearby plate crystals. Under different environmental conditions, the sublimation could proceed in two ways: snapped at the neck or melted in the crown. Local negative saturation induced by the coupled distributions of temperature and humidity is proposed for interpreting this phenomenon. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20281
Experimental study on the small‐scale diffusion flame of ethanol and the wall temperature field
Authors: Gan Yunhua , Cheng Jing , Yang Zeliang
Published: July 2010

An experimental investigation was carried out on the diffusion flames of liquid ethanol burning in air. Ceramic tubes with different inner diameters were used as burners. Three different flame structures at different flow rates were identified and different combustion regions were divided based on the experimental results. Some relevant factors which may affect the flame height and width were discussed. The outer surface wall temperature field of the tubes was measured in the combustion process. The results showed that both flame height and flame width all increased proportionally with an increasing flow rate in the steady flame region. Both flame height and flame width decreased with a decreasing tube inner diameter at the same flow rate. By decreasing the tube inner diameter, the quenching flow rate was decreased, the flow rate according to the produced periodic explosive flame decreased, and the flow rate range of the steady flames decreased. The outer wall temperature field presented an exponential distribution, and the wall temperature reached the greatest value at the outlet of the ceramic tube. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20282
Testing alternative erosivity indices to predict event soil loss from bare plots in Southern Italy
Authors: Bagarello V. , Ferro V. , Giordano G.
Published: July 2010

Methods for predicting unit plot soil loss for the ‘Sparacia’ Sicilian (Southern Italy) site were developed using 316 simultaneous measurements of runoff and soil loss from individual bare plots varying in length from 11 to 44 m. The event unit plot soil loss was directly proportional to an erosivity index equal to (QREI30)1·47, being QREI30 the runoff ratio (QR) times the single storm erosion index (EI30). The developed relationship represents a modified version of the USLE‐M, and therefore it was named USLE‐MM. By the USLE‐MM, a constant erodibility coefficient was deduced for plots of different lengths, suggesting that in this case the calculated erodibility factor is representative of an intrinsic soil property. Testing the USLE‐M and USLE‐MM schemes for other soils and developing simple procedures for estimating the plot runoff ratio has practical importance to develop a simple method to predict soil loss from bare plots at the erosive event temporal scale. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular imaging of mesothelioma by detection of manganese‐superoxide dismutase activity using manganese‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Hasegawa Sumitaka , Koshikawa‐Yano Michiko , Saito Shigeyoshi , Morokoshi Yukie , Furukawa Takako , Aoki Ichio , Saga Tsuneo
Published: July 2010

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a fatal malignancy with a rapidly increasing incidence in industrialized countries because of the widespread use of asbestos in the past centuries. Early diagnosis of MM is critical for a better prognosis, but this is often difficult because of the lack of disease‐specific diagnostic imaging. Here, we report that manganese‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) represents a promising approach for a more selective mesothelioma imaging by monitoring a high‐level expression of manganese‐superoxide dismutase (Mn‐SOD), which is observed in many MM. We found that most human MM cells overexpressed Mn‐SOD protein compared with human mesothelial cells and that NCI‐H226 human MM cells highly expressed Mn‐SOD and augmented Mn accumulation when loaded with manganese chloride (MnCl2). The cells showed marked T1‐signal enhancement on in vitro MRI after incubation with MnCl2 because of the T1 shortening effect of Mn2+. H226 subcutaneous tumor was preferentially enhanced compared with a lung adenocarcinoma cell tumor and another human MM cell tumor in MnCl2‐enhanced T1‐weighted MR image (T1WI), correlating with their respective Mn‐SOD expression levels. Moreover, in a more clinically relevant setting, H226 xenografted pleural tumor was markedly enhanced and readily detected by MEMRI using manganese dipyridoxyl diphosphate (MnDPDP), a clinically used contrast agent, as well as MnCl2. Therefore, we propose that MEMRI can be a potentially powerful method for noninvasive detection of MM, with high spatial resolution and marked signal enhancement, by targeting Mn‐SOD.
A generic approach to semantic video indexing using adaptive fusion of multimodal classifiers
Authors: Kim Dae‐Jin , Frigui Hichem , Fadeev Aleksey
Published: July 2010

We present a novel method for fusing the results of multiple semantic video indexing algorithms that use different types of feature descriptors and different classification methods. This method, called Context‐Dependent Fusion (CDF), is motivated by the fact that the relative performance of different semantic indexing methods can vary significantly depending on the video type, context information, and the high‐level concept of the video segment to be labeled. The training part of CDF has two main components: context extraction and algorithm fusion. In context extraction, the low‐level multimodal descriptors extracted by the different classification algorithms are combined and used to partition the feature space into clusters of similar video shots, or contexts. The algorithm fusion component assigns aggregation weights to the individual classifiers within each context based on their relative performance in that context. Results on the TRECVID‐2002 data collections show that the proposed method can identify meaningful and coherent clusters and that the performance of the different labeling algorithms can vary significantly across different clusters. Our initial experiments have indicated that the context‐dependent fusion outperforms the individual algorithms and the global fusion of those algorithms. We also show that using standard multimodal descriptors and a simplek‐NN classifier, the CDF approach provides results that are comparable to the state‐of‐the‐art methods in semantic indexing. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 18, 124–136, 2008