bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One-way ANOVA model to study whole-body vibration attributes among taxi drivers – An emphasis on the role of speed
Authors: Derakhshanjazari Milad , Monazzam Mohammad Reza , Hosseini Seyed Mostafa , Poursoleiman Mohammad Saeid
Published: February 2018

Taxi drivers are daily exposed to frequent and prolonged whole-body vibration. This can cause complications such as back pain among them. Since the vibration level depends on many factors, the present study was performed to model the impact of vehicle speed on the attributes of whole-body vibration among the Peugeot 405 taxi drivers. In this experimental study, the whole-body vibration was measured while other variables including tire pressure, engine speed, road gradient, number of passengers, and type of tire, springs, and shock absorbers had been fixed. The measurements were done according to ISO2631–1 at different speeds of 20, 40, 60, and 80 km/h. Increasing the vehicle speed caused an increase in the average value of vibration attributes including Z-axis (vertical) r.m.s. acceleration, 8-h equivalent acceleration, vibration dose value (m/s1.75), and crest factor (P < 0.05). At the speed of 80 km/h, the average vibration dose value (17.6 m/s1.75) exceeded the upper limit of the ISO 2631–1:1997 health caution zone (>17). Further, 8-h equivalent acceleration, at the speeds of 60 and 80 km/h, was beyond the upper limit (>0.9 m/s2). According to the crest factor, increasing speed would cause greater vibration peaks along the Z-axis (worst-case axis). The amount of whole-body vibration is sensitive to speed changes so that urban taxi drivers who are usually driving at low speeds for inner-city transits will be exposed to a lower average value of whole-body vibration. Due to the evident effect of speed on whole-body vibration attributes, it is strongly recommended to be given full consideration to this factor in preparing vibration control plans for vehicles.
A comparative study of different methods for predicting the long-term extreme structural responses of the combined wind and wave energy concept semisubmersible wind energy and flap-type wave energy converter
Authors: Li Qinyuan , Michailides Constantine , Gao Zhen , Moan Torgeir
Published: February 2018

The combined wind and wave concept semisubmersible wind energy and flap-type wave energy converter was developed in the EU FP7 project MARINA Platform. It consists of a four-column semisubmersible with a 5-MW wind turbine placed on top of the central column and three flap-type wave energy converters on top of three pontoons that connect the four columns. Numerical and experimental studies have been performed to demonstrate the functionality and the survivability of the combined concept. In extreme conditions, both wind turbine and wave energy converters are set in a protection mode which reduces the dynamic loads and responses. In this article, different methods for predicting long-term (50-year) extreme responses considering the wind and wave conditions at two given European offshore sites are carried out, and structural response quantities are calculated, compared and presented. The full long-term analysis was performed and regarded as the reference method, and the corresponding results are compared with the modified environmental contour method and the environmental contour method. The response quantities studied here are the axial forces and bending moments of the semisubmersible wind energy and flap-type wave energy converter, including those of the wind turbine (blade, shaft and tower), arms of the flap-type wave energy converters and mooring lines, as well as the platform motion in 6 degrees of freedom. The extreme responses that are dominated by the aerodynamic loadings are effectively calculated either by the full long-term analysis or the modified environmental contour method. Compared to the full long-term analysis, the environmental contour method gives an under-prediction of the long-term extreme responses of quantities related to the wind turbine (e.g. internal loads of blades and tower). For the extreme responses that are dominated by the hydrodynamic loadings, all the three methods provide similar results.
Two-dimensional fluid–structure interaction analysis of a vertical axis tidal turbine blade using periodic inflow equivalence model
Authors: Arini Nu Rhahida , Turnock Stephen R , Tan Mingyi
Published: February 2018

Fluid structure response of vertical axis tidal turbine blades using NACA 0012 and periodic inflow equivalence model are predicted in this work. The response is investigated numerically by developing a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model at high Reynolds number (3.07 × 106). The Periodic Inflow Equivalence Model is conducted by modeling the rotation of the turbine as a time-dependent incoming fluid velocity magnitude and angle of attack current entering the two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics domain. The blade response is modeled by a vibrational system with spring damper components which are attached at the blade fluid dynamic center point. The aim of this study is to predict a resonant condition or a lock-in frequency induced by wake generation at a vertical axis turbine blade during the turbine operation. The model is generated using a dynamic mesh construction in OpenFOAM 2.2, and the mesh is refined using snappyHexMesh utility. The mesh has seven added boundary layers around the blade surface and simulated using k- ω shear stress transport turbulence model. Drag, lift, and moment force coefficient are observed during 12 s, which is equal to 3.3 revolutions, and extracted using fast Fourier transform method to obtain its predominant frequency. The predominant frequency determines the dynamic condition of the blade and is used for predicting a resonance based on the turbine’s natural frequency. The result shows that the vertical axis tidal turbine which is manufactured from a composite material with pitch stiffness of 200 (N m)/rad, heave stiffness of 1000 N/s, and operates at tidal velocity of 0.656 m/s is found to experience a resonance or lock-in phenomena induced by wake generation in the pitch mode response.
Experimental and numerical investigation of a taut-moored wave energy converter: A validation of simulated buoy motions
Authors: Yang Shun-Han , Ringsberg Jonas W , Johnson Erland , Hu Zhiqiang , Bergdahl Lars , Duan Fei
Published: February 2018

This study presents an experimental and numerical investigation of a taut-moored wave energy converter system with a point-absorber type of wave energy converter. The wave energy converter system consists of a buoy, a unique three-leg two-segment mooring system with submerged floaters, and a power take-off system designed for the current experiment as a heave plate. The main objective of the study is to validate a numerical simulation model against experiments carried out in an ocean basin laboratory. Two physical models in model scales 1:20 and 1:36 were built and tested. The detailed experimental testing programme encompasses tests of mooring system stiffness, decay tests, and different sea state conditions for ocean current, regular, and irregular waves. A numerical model in the model scale 1:20 was developed to simulate coupled hydrodynamic and structural response analyses of the wave energy converter system, primarily using potential flow theory, boundary element method, finite element method, and the Morison equation. Several numerical simulations are presented for each part of the experimental testing programme. Results for the wave energy converter buoy motions under operational conditions from the experiments and the numerical simulations were compared. This study shows that the simulation model can satisfactorily predict the dynamic motion responses of the wave energy converter system at non-resonant conditions, while at resonant conditions additional calibration is needed to capture the damping present during the experiment. A discussion on simulation model calibration with regard to linear and non-linear damping highlights the challenge to estimate these damping values if measurement data are not available.
Employee Perceptions of the Work Environment, Motivational Outlooks, and Employee Work Intentions: An HR Practitioner’s Dream or Nightmare?
Authors: Shuck Brad , Peyton Roberts Taylor , Zigarmi Drea
Published: February 2018

The Problem

Reinforcement theory has inspired many types of human resource development (HRD) initiatives. Despite their widespread use, reinforcement-focused programs, designed to control the outcome of behavior through external rewards, have proven expensive and cumbersome to manage and have an alarmingly low rate of return on investment. There is a critical need to better understand motivation in work environments as well as to explore more efficacious forms of motivation, both intrinsic and extrinsic simultaneously.

The Solution

Self-determination theory (SDT) is concerned with forward influence, independent choice, and the degree to which behavior is internalized as self-determined. Sources of employee motivation are influenced by employee perceptions of the work environment as well as behavioral outcomes. The most optimal forms of motivation are believed to originate from internal regulation of basic psychological needs rather than external forms of motivation such as those central to reinforcement-focused theory and practice.

The Stakeholders

We question which forms of motivation are most optimal for influencing employee behavior in the workplace, including long-held traditions of reinforcement-grounded programming, and present new models for understanding the role of motivation in HRD. Results of this study focus the conversation on SDT and explore specific implications for practice.
Genetic and Environmental Overlap Between Substance Use and Delinquency in Adolescence: An Analysis by Same-Sex Twins
Authors: Boisvert Danielle L. , Connolly Eric J. , Vaske Jamie C. , Armstrong Todd A. , Boutwell Brian B.
Published: February 2018

During adolescence, many teens begin to experiment with substances and engage in delinquent behavior. The current study seeks to examine whether and to what extent genetic and environmental factors contribute to the association between substance use (i.e., marijuana and alcohol) and different forms of delinquent offending (i.e., violent and nonviolent) across males and females. Analyses were based on same-sex twins ( N = 1,072) from the sibling subsample of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). The results revealed moderate to large genetic overlap between substance use and delinquent behavior for males. Much of the covariation between alcohol use and offending behavior for females was attributable to common environmental factors, while common genetic factors explained a large portion of the overlap between marijuana use and offending in males and females. The implications of these findings for sex differences in prevention and intervention efforts are discussed from a biosocial perspective.
Effects of Childhood Polyvictimization on Victimization in Juvenile Correctional Facilities: The Mediating Role of Trauma Symptomatology
Authors: Yoder Jamie R. , Hodge Ashleigh I. , Ruch Donna , Dillard Rebecca
Published: February 2018

Polyvictimization refers to multiple forms of victimization experienced by youths. The extent to which aggregated or cumulative early life victimization increases risk of victimization within juvenile correctional facilities is unclear. Furthermore, pathways from early polyvictimization to facility victimization may be partly explained by trauma symptomatology. Drawing upon the extant polyvictimization literature, this study explores both composite and cumulative effects of childhood victimization on later victimization within correctional facilities and the mediating role of trauma symptomatology among a nationally representative sample of incarcerated youth. Data were drawn from the Survey of Youth in Residential Placement. Incarcerated youths ( N = 7,073) were surveyed on constructs including early victimization, trauma symptomatology, and experiences of victimization within correctional facilities. Using appropriate weights in analyses, structural equation models revealed the relationship between amassed early polyvictimization and composite facility victimization was partially explained by trauma symptoms; facility victimization also linked to trauma symptoms. Additional models revealed that as youths report more victimization experiences, there was a successive increased likelihood for trauma symptoms, facility robbery, and facility physical victimization. The relationships between cumulative early victimization and facility robbery, physical, and sexual victimization were partially or fully mediated by trauma symptoms. Research and practice implications are discussed.
Endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysm after renal transplantation in polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Demartini Zeferino , Galdino Jennyfer , Koppe Gelson L , Bignelli Alexandre T , Francisco Alexandre N , Gatto Luana AM
Published: February 2018

Background

Patients with polycystic kidney disease have a higher prevalence of intracranial aneurysms and may progress to renal failure requiring transplantation. The endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms may improve prognosis, since rupture often causes premature death or disability, but the nephrotoxicity risk associated with contrast medium must be always considered in cases of renal impairment.

Methods

A 55-year-old female patient with polycystic kidney disease and grafted kidney associated with anterior communicant artery aneurysm was successfully treated by embolization.

Results

The renal function remained normal after the procedure. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case of endovascular treatment of brain aneurysm in a transplanted patient reported in the medical literature.

Conclusions

The endovascular procedure in renal transplant patients is feasible and can be considered to treat this population. Further studies and cases are needed to confirm its safety.
Infants’ use of interpersonal asynchrony as a signal for third-party affiliation
Authors: Cirelli Laura K. , Wan Stephanie J. , Johanis Trenton C. , Trainor Laurel J.
Published: February 2018

Infants use social cues to form expectations about the social relationships of others. For example, they expect agents to approach helpful partners and avoid hindering partners. They expect individuals with shared food preferences to be affiliates and individuals with opposing food preferences to be nonaffiliates. Interpersonal synchrony and asynchrony are important signals that adults use to guide third-party understanding. Specifically, we expect synchronous partners to be higher in rapport than asynchronous partners. Here, using a within-subjects design, we investigated if 12- to 14-month-old infants ( n = 62) also use interpersonal synchrony and/or asynchrony to make sense of third-party social relationships. A violation of expectations paradigm adapted from Liberman and colleagues was used. Infant looking time was recorded while watching videos of two women. The women moved either synchronously or asynchronously during familiarization trials, and subsequently interacted either in a friendly way (waving) or an unfriendly way (turning away) on test trials. Results revealed that infants expected asynchronous partners to be nonaffiliates but showed no significant expectation for synchronous partners. These results suggest that infants use interpersonal movement to understand their social world from as early as 12 months of age.
Circulating tumor DNA reveals genetics, clonal evolution, and residual disease in classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Spina Valeria , Bruscaggin Alessio , Cuccaro Annarosa , Martini Maurizio , Di Trani Martina , Forestieri Gabriela , Manzoni Martina , Condoluci Adalgisa , Arribas Alberto , Terzi-Di-Bergamo Lodovico , Locatelli Silvia Laura , Cupelli Elisa , Ceriani Luca , Moccia Alden A. , Stathis Anastasios , Nassi Luca , Deambrogi Clara , Diop Fary , Guidetti Francesca , Cocomazzi Alessandra , Annunziata Salvatore , Rufini Vittoria , Giordano Alessandro , Neri Antonino , Boldorini Renzo , Gerber Bernhard , Bertoni Francesco , Ghielmini Michele , Stüssi Georg , Santoro Armando , Cavalli Franco , Zucca Emanuele , Larocca Luigi Maria , Gaidano Gianluca , Hohaus Stefan , Carlo-Stella Carmelo , Rossi Davide
Published: February 2018

Key Points

ctDNA is as an easily accessible source of tumor DNA for cHL genotyping. ctDNA is a radiation-free tool to track residual disease in cHL.
FVIII proteins with a modified immunodominant T-cell epitope exhibit reduced immunogenicity and normal FVIII activity
Authors: Ettinger Ruth A. , Liberman Joseph A. , Gunasekera Devi , Puranik Komal , James Eddie A. , Thompson Arthur R. , Pratt Kathleen P.
Published: February 2018

Key Points

Less immunogenic FVIII muteins were designed by defining and replacing MHCII anchor residues with amino acids that reduced MHCII binding. Patient-derived T-cell clones show lower proliferation in response to FVIII-F2196K, which had normal FVIII activity and expression level.
Natural killer receptor ligand expression on acute myeloid leukemia impacts survival and relapse after chemotherapy
Authors: Mastaglio Sara , Wong Eric , Perera Travis , Ripley Jane , Blombery Piers , Smyth Mark J. , Koldej Rachel , Ritchie David
Published: February 2018

Key Points

AML blasts express both activating and inhibitory NKRLs at diagnosis. An overall activating NK ligand phenotype on blasts is associated with improved survival and reduced relapse after induction chemotherapy.
Lung transplantation after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a pan-European experience
Authors: Greer Mark , Berastegui Cristina , Jaksch Peter , Benden Christian , Aubert John , Roux Antoine , Lhuillier Elodie , Hirschi Sandrine , Reynaud-Gaubert Martine , Philit François , Claustre Johanna , LePalud Pierre , Stern Marc , Knoop Christiane , Vos Robin , Verschuuren Erik , Fisher Andrew , Riise Gerdt , Hansson Lennart , Iversen Martin , Hämmäinen Pekka , Wedel Hans , Smits Jacqueline , Gottlieb Jens , Holm Are M.
Published: February 2018

Late-onset noninfectious pulmonary complications (LONIPCs) affect 6% of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) recipients within 5 years, conferring subsequent 5-year survival of 50%. Lung transplantation is rarely performed in this setting due to concomitant extrapulmonary morbidity, excessive immunosuppression and concerns about recurring malignancy being considered contraindications. This study assesses survival in highly selected patients undergoing lung transplantation for LONIPCs after SCT.

SCT patients undergoing lung transplantation at 20 European centres between 1996 and 2014 were included. Clinical data pre- and post-lung transplantation were reviewed. Propensity score-matched controls were generated from the Eurotransplant and Scandiatransplant registries. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression models evaluating predictors of graft loss were performed.

Graft survival at 1, 3 and 5 years of 84%, 72% and 67%, respectively, among the 105 SCT patients proved comparable to controls (p=0.75). Sepsis accounted for 15 out of 37 deaths (41%), with prior mechanical ventilation (HR 6.9, 95% CI 1.0–46.7; p<0.001) the leading risk factor. No SCT-specific risk factors were identified. Recurring malignancy occurred in four patients (4%). Lung transplantation <2 years post-SCT increased all-cause 1-year mortality (HR 7.5, 95% CI 2.3–23.8; p=0.001).

Lung transplantation outcomes following SCT were comparable to other end-stage diseases. Lung transplantation should be considered feasible in selected candidates. No SCT-specific factors influencing outcome were identified within this carefully selected patient cohort.
Palatal prolapse as a signature of expiratory flow limitation and inspiratory palatal collapse in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Azarbarzin Ali , Sands Scott A. , Marques Melania , Genta Pedro R. , Taranto-Montemurro Luigi , Messineo Ludovico , White David P. , Wellman Andrew
Published: February 2018

In some individuals with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), the palate prolapses into the velopharynx during expiration, limiting airflow through the nose or shunting it out of the mouth. We hypothesised that this phenomenon causes expiratory flow limitation (EFL) and is associated with inspiratory “isolated” palatal collapse. We also wanted to provide a robust noninvasive means to identify this mechanism of obstruction.

Using natural sleep endoscopy, 1211 breaths from 22 OSA patients were scored as having or not having palatal prolapse. The patient-level site of collapse (tongue-related, isolated palate, pharyngeal lateral walls and epiglottis) was also characterised. EFL was quantified using expiratory resistance at maximal epiglottic pressure. A noninvasive EFL index (EFLI) was developed to detect the presence of palatal prolapse and EFL using the flow signal alone. In addition, the validity of using nasal pressure was assessed.

A cut-off value of EFLI >0.8 detected the presence of palatal prolapse and EFL with an accuracy of >95% and 82%, respectively. The proportion of breaths with palatal prolapse predicted isolated inspiratory palatal collapse with 90% accuracy.

This study demonstrates that expiratory palatal prolapse can be quantified noninvasively, is associated with EFL and predicts the presence of inspiratory isolated palatal collapse.
Predictors of accelerated decline in lung function in adult-onset asthma
Authors: Coumou Hanneke , Westerhof Guus A. , de Nijs Selma B. , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , Bel Elisabeth H.
Published: February 2018

Little is known about the prognosis of adults with new-onset asthma. Cross-sectional studies suggest that these patients may exhibit accelerated decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). However, risk factors for accelerated decline in lung function have not yet been identified.

We aimed to identify these risk factors in a prospective 5-year follow-up study in 200 adults with newly diagnosed asthma. In the current study, clinical, functional and inflammatory parameters were assessed annually for 5 years. Linear mixed-effects models were used to identify predictors.

Evaluable lung function sets of 141 patients were available. Median (interquartile range) change in post-bronchodilator FEV1was −17.5 (−54.2 to +22.4) mL per year. Accelerated decline in FEV1was defined by the lower quartile of decline (>54.2 mL per year). Nasal polyps, number of blood and sputum eosinophils, body mass index, and level of exhaled nitric oxide were univariably associated with decline in lung function. Only the latter two were independently associated. Using cut-off values to identify patients at highest risk showed accelerated decline in FEV1in all patients with combined exhaled nitric oxide fraction (FeNO) ≥57 ppb and body mass index (BMI) ≤23 kg·m−2.

We conclude that adults with new-onset asthma with both high levels of exhaled nitric oxide and low BMI are at risk of accelerated decline in lung function.
Immunotherapy: a new standard of care in thoracic malignancies?
Authors: Costantini Adrien , Grynovska Marta , Lucibello Francesca , Moisés Jorge , Pagès Franck , Tsao Ming S. , Shepherd Frances A. , Bouchaab Hasna , Garassino Marina , Aerts Joachim G.J.V. , Mazières Julien , Mondini Michele , Berghmans Thierry , Meert Anne-Pascale , Cadranel Jacques
Published: February 2018

In May 2017, the second European Respiratory Society research seminar of the Thoracic Oncology Assembly entitled “Immunotherapy, a new standard of care in thoracic malignancies?” was held in Paris, France. This seminar provided an opportunity to review the basis of antitumour immunity and to explain how immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) work. The main therapeutic trials that have resulted in marketing authorisations for use of ICIs in lung cancer were reported. A particular focus was on the toxicity of these new molecules in relation to their immune-related adverse events. The need for biological selection, currently based on immunohistochemistry testing to identify the tumour expression of programmed death ligand (PD-L)1, was stressed, as well as the need to harmonise PD-L1 testing and techniques. Finally, sessions were dedicated to the combination of ICIs and radiotherapy and the place of ICIs in nonsmall cell lung cancer with oncogenic addictions. Finally, an important presentation was dedicated to the future of antitumour vaccination and of all ongoing trials in thoracic oncology.
The knowledge, attitudes and practices of doctors regarding antibiotic resistance at a tertiary care institution in the Caribbean
Authors: Nicholson Alison , Tennant Ingrid , White Livingston , Thoms-Rodriguez Camille-Ann , Cook Loraine , Johnson Stephen , Thompson Tamara , Barnett Jasper , Richards Lundie
Published: February 2018

Background

Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a serious threat that requires coordinated global intervention to prevent its spread. There is limited data from the English-speaking Caribbean.

Methods

As part of a national programme to address antibiotic resistance in Jamaica, a survey of the knowledge, attitudes and antibiotic prescribing practices of Jamaican physicians was conducted using a 32-item self-administered questionnaire.

Results

Of the eight hundred physicians targeted, 87% responded. The majority thought the problem of resistance very important globally (82%), less nationally (73%) and even less (53%) in personal practices. Hospital physicians were more likely to consider antibiotic resistance important in their practice compared to those in outpatient practice or both (p < 0.001). Composite knowledge scores were generated and considered good if scored > 80%, average if 60–79% and poor if < 60%. Most had good knowledge of factors preventing resistance (83%) and resistance inducing potential of specific antibiotics (59%), but only average knowledge of factors contributing to resistance (57%). Knowledge of preventative factors was highest in females (p = 0.004), those with postgraduate training (p = 0.001) and those > four years post graduation (p = 0.03). Empiric therapy was often directed by international guidelines and cultures were not routinely done. Limited laboratory and human resources were identified as challenges.

Conclusion

Physicians in this study were aware of the problem of ABR, but downplayed its significance nationally and personally. These results will guide a national antibiotic stewardship programme.
miRNA targeting and alternative splicing in the stress response – events hosted by membrane-less compartments
Authors: Kucherenko Mariya M. , Shcherbata Halyna R.
Published: February 2018

Stress can be temporary or chronic, and mild or acute. Depending on its extent and severity, cells either alter their metabolism, and adopt a new state, or die. Fluctuations in environmental conditions occur frequently, and such stress disturbs cellular homeostasis, but in general, stresses are reversible and last only a short time. There is increasing evidence that regulation of gene expression in response to temporal stress happens post-transcriptionally in specialized subcellular membrane-less compartments called ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules. RNP granules assemble through a concentration-dependent liquid–liquid phase separation of RNA-binding proteins that contain low-complexity sequence domains (LCDs). Interestingly, many factors that regulate microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis and alternative splicing are RNA-binding proteins that contain LCDs and localize to stress-induced liquid-like compartments. Consequently, gene silencing through miRNAs and alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs are emerging as crucial post-transcriptional mechanisms that function on a genome-wide scale to regulate the cellular stress response. In this Review, we describe the interplay between these two post-transcriptional processes that occur in liquid-like compartments as an adaptive cellular response to stress.
Enzyme polymorphism, oxygen and injury: a lipidomic analysis of flight-induced oxidative damage in a SDH-polymorphic insect
Authors: Pekny Julianne E. , Smith Philip B. , Marden James H.
Published: February 2018

When active tissues receive insufficient oxygen to meet metabolic demand, succinate accumulates and has two fundamental effects: it causes ischemia-reperfusion injury while also activating the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway (HIF). The Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) possesses a balanced polymorphism in Sdhd, shown previously to affect HIF pathway activation and tracheal morphology and used here to experimentally test the hypothesis that variation in succinate dehydrogenase affects oxidative injury. We stimulated butterflies to fly continuously in a respirometer (3 min duration), which typically caused episodes of exhaustion and recovery, suggesting a potential for cellular injury from hypoxia and reoxygenation in flight muscles. Indeed, flight muscle from butterflies flown on consecutive days had lipidomic profiles similar to rested paraquat-injected butterflies, but distinct from rested untreated butterflies. Many butterflies showed a decline in flight metabolic rate (FMR) on Day 2, and there was a strong inverse relationship between the ratio of Day 2 to Day 1 FMR and the abundance of sodiated adducts of phosphatidylcholines and coenzyme Q (CoQ). This result is consistent with elevation of sodiated lipids caused by disrupted intracellular ion homeostasis in mammalian tissues after hypoxia-reperfusion. Butterflies carrying the Sdhd M allele had higher abundance of lipid markers of cellular damage, but the association was reversed in field-collected butterflies, where focal individuals typically flew for seconds at a time rather than continuously. These results indicate that Glanville fritillary flight muscles can be injured by episodes of high exertion, but injury severity appears to be determined by an interaction between SDH genotype and behavior (prolonged vs. intermittent flight).
A miniaturized threshold-triggered acceleration data-logger for recording burst movements of aquatic animals
Authors: Nishiumi Nozomi , Matsuo Ayane , Kawabe Ryo , Payne Nicholas , Huveneers Charlie , Watanabe Yuuki Y. , Kawabata Yuuki
Published: February 2018

Although animal-borne accelerometers are effective tools for quantifying the kinematics of animal behaviors, quantifying burst movements of small and agile aquatic animals remains challenging. To capture the details of burst movements, accelerometers need to sample at a very high frequency, which will inevitably shorten the recording duration or increase the device size. To overcome this problem, we developed a high-frequency acceleration data-logger that can be triggered by a manually-defined acceleration threshold, thus allowing the selective measurement of burst movements. We conducted experiments under laboratory and field conditions to examine the performance of the logger. The laboratory experiment using red seabream (Pagrus major) showed that the new logger could measure the kinematics of their escape behaviors. The field experiment using free-swimming yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) showed that the loggers trigger correctly. We suggest that this new logger can be applied to measure the burst movements of various small and agile animals.
Credentialing of radiotherapy centres in Australasia for TROG 09.02 (Chisel), a Phase III clinical trial on stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy of early stage lung cancer
Authors: Kron Tomas , Chesson Brent , Hardcastle Nicholas , Crain Melissa , Clements Natalie , Burns Mark , Ball David
Published: February 2018

Objective:

A randomised clinical trial comparing stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) with conventional radiotherapy for early stage lung cancer has been conducted in Australia and New Zealand under the auspices of the TransTasman Radiation Oncology Group (NCT01014130). We report on the technical credentialing program as prerequisite for centres joining the trial.

Methods:

Participating centres were asked to develop treatment plans for two test cases to assess their ability to create plans according to protocol. Dose delivery in the presence of inhomogeneity and motion was assessed during a site visit using a phantom with moving inserts.

Results:

Site visits for the trial were conducted in 16 Australian and 3 New Zealand radiotherapy facilities. The tests with low density inhomogeneities confirmed shortcomings of the AAA algorithm for dose calculation. Dose was assessed for a typical treatment delivery including at least one non-coplanar beam in a stationary and moving phantom. This end-to-end test confirmed that all participating centres were able to deliver stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy with the required accuracy while the planning study demonstrated that they were able to produce acceptable plans for both test cases.

Conclusion:

The credentialing process documented that participating centres were able to deliver dose as required in the trial protocol. It also gave an opportunity to provide education about the trial and discuss technical issues such as four-dimensional CT, small field dosimetry and patient immobilisation with staff in participating centres.

Advances in knowledge:

Credentialing is an important quality assurance tool for radiotherapy trials using advanced technology. In addition to confirming technical competence, it provides an opportunity for education and discussion about the trial.
Antibiotic treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children
Authors: Bruzzese Eugenia , Giannattasio Antonietta , Guarino Alfredo
Published: February 2018

Antibiotic therapy is not necessary for acute diarrhea in children, as rehydration is the key treatment and symptoms resolve generally without specific therapy. Searching for the etiology of gastroenteritis is not usually needed; however, it may be necessary if antimicrobial treatment is considered. The latter is left to the physician evaluation in the absence of clear indications. Antimicrobial treatment should be considered in severely sick children, in those who have chronic conditions or specific risk factors or in specific settings. Traveler’s diarrhea, prolonged diarrhea, and antibiotic-associated diarrhea may also require antibiotic therapy. Depending on the severity of symptoms or based on risk of spreading, empiric therapy may be started while awaiting the results of microbiological investigations. The choice of antibiotic depends on suspected agents, host conditions, and local epidemiology. In most cases, empiric therapy should be started while awaiting such results. Empiric therapy may be started with oral co-trimoxazole or metronidazole, but in severe cases parenteral treatment with ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin might be considered.
Recent neuroimaging, neurophysiological, and neuropathological advances for the understanding of NPC
Authors: Benussi Alberto , Cotelli Maria Sofia , Padovani Alessandro , Borroni Barbara
Published: February 2018

Niemann–Pick disease type C (NPC) is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder with extensive biological, molecular, and clinical heterogeneity. Recently, numerous studies have tried to shed light on the pathophysiology of the disease, highlighting possible disease pathways common to other neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia, and identifying possible candidate biomarkers for disease staging and response to treatment. Miglustat, which reversibly inhibits glycosphingolipid synthesis, has been licensed in the European Union and elsewhere for the treatment of NPC in both children and adults. A number of ongoing clinical trials might hold promise for the development of new treatments for NPC. The objective of the present work is to review and evaluate recent literature data in order to highlight the latest neuroimaging, neurophysiological, and neuropathological advances for the understanding of NPC pathophysiology. Furthermore, ongoing developments in disease-modifying treatments will be briefly discussed.
Zika virus infection as a cause of congenital brain abnormalities and Guillain-Barré syndrome: From systematic review to living systematic review
Authors: Counotte Michel Jacques , Egli-Gany Dianne , Riesen Maurane , Abraha Million , Porgo Teegwendé Valérie , Wang Jingying , Low Nicola
Published: February 2018

Background. The Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in the Americas has caused international concern due to neurological sequelae linked to the infection, such as microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The World Health Organization stated that there is “sufficient evidence to conclude that Zika virus is a cause of congenital abnormalities and is a trigger of GBS”. This conclusion was based on a systematic review of the evidence published until 30.05.2016. Since then, the body of evidence has grown substantially, leading to this update of that systematic review with new evidence published from 30.05.2016 – 18.01.2017, update 1.

Methods. We review evidence on the causal link between ZIKV infection and adverse congenital outcomes and the causal link between ZIKV infection and GBS or immune-mediated thrombocytopaenia purpura. We also describe the transition of the review into a living systematic review, a review that is continually updated.

Results. Between 30.05.2016 and 18.01.2017, we identified 2413 publications, of which 101 publications were included. The evidence added in this update confirms the conclusion of a causal association between ZIKV and adverse congenital outcomes. New findings expand the evidence base in the dimensions of biological plausibility, strength of association, animal experiments and specificity. For GBS, the body of evidence has grown during the search period for update 1, but only for dimensions that were already populated in the previous version. There is still a limited understanding of the biological pathways that potentially cause the occurrence of autoimmune disease following ZIKV infection.

Conclusions. This systematic review confirms previous conclusions that ZIKV is a cause of congenital abnormalities, including microcephaly, and is a trigger of GBS. The transition to living systematic review techniques and methodology provides a proof of concept for the use of these methods to synthesise evidence about an emerging pathogen such as ZIKV.
BED: a Biological Entity Dictionary based on a graph data model
Authors: Godard Patrice , van Eyll Jonathan
Published: February 2018

The understanding of molecular processes involved in a specific biological system can be significantly improved by combining and comparing different data set and knowledge resources. However these information sources often use different identification systems and an identifier conversion step is required before any integration effort. Mapping between identifiers is often provided by the reference information resources and several tools have been implemented to simplify their use. However these tools cannot be easily customized and optimized for any specific use. Also the information provided by different resources is not combined to increase the efficiency of the mapping process and deprecated identifiers from former version of databases are not taken into account. Finally finding automatically the most relevant path to map identifiers from one scope to the other is often not trivial. The Biological Entity Dictionary (BED) addresses these challenges by relying on a graph data model describing possible relationships between entities and their identifiers. This model has been implemented using Neo4j and an R package provides functions to query the graph but also to create and feed a custom instance of the database.
ПРОБЛЕМА ТЕОДИЦЕИ И СВОБОДЫ ВОЛИ ЧЕЛОВЕКА В РАННЕЙ СРЕДНЕВЕКОВОЙ ФИЛОСОФИИ: ОТ МЕТАФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛИЗАЦИИ К МЕТАФИЗИКЕ ВЕРЫ
Authors: Erokhin Alexey Konstantinovich
Published: February 2018

Цель. Вопрос о свободе воли и ее основаниях – один из самых запутанных вопросов философии, в связи с чем интерес к нему не угасает на протяжении многих столетий, придавая ему непреходящую актуальность. Значимость данной проблемы вызвана представлением о личности как субъекте творческой и нравственной деятельности. Целью статьи является освещение проблемы свободы воли в ранней средневековой философии. Проблемное поле исследования связано с представлением о теодицее как ограничителе свободы.Метод или методология исследования. Основу исследования составляют принципы и способы изучения свободы воли и теодицеи, реализуемых при помощи герменевтического метода прочтения трудов средневековых философов и историко-философской реконструкции.Результаты исследования. Выявлена специфика рациональной теодицеи Средневековья. Делается вывод о дуалистической интерпретации феномена свободы в трактатах средневековых богословов, раскрываемый ими с позиций теологии.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при теоретическом анализе различных аспектов этической трактовки свободы воли. Практическая ценность исследования заключается в возможности включения результатов исследования в курсы лекций по истории философии, культурологи, религиоведения.
ДИЛЕММА ЦЕЛЕЙ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В ФИЛОСОФСКОМ ИЗМЕРЕНИИ
Authors: Erokhin Alexey Konstantinovich , Vlasenko Albina Alekseevna
Published: February 2018

Цель. Реформа образования служит предметом многочисленных дискуссий ее сторонников и противников. Однако научно обоснованные предложения разработаны лишь по немногим вопросам. Предмет анализа – цели высшего образования, изменяющие свою направленность в современных условиях. Цель статьи – выявить причины противоречивого характера целей современного высшего образования.Методология и методы. Обращение к философскому осмыслению целей современного высшего образования рассматривается на основе сопоставления национальных систем образования с использованием компаративистского и социально-феноменологического подхода; используются методы структурного анализа и философской рефлексии.Результаты. Опираясь на указанные подходы и методы, автор выявляет общие проблемы постановки целей современного высшего образования, конструируемых на разных уровнях. Цели конструируются без учета многоуровневой системной деятельности институтов высшего образования, в условиях быстро расширяющегося и фрагментируемого знания, рождающего новые понятия, смыслы и утверждения, но затрудняющих постановку четко определенных целей. Анализ данной проблемы приводит к выводу необходимости сочетания глобальных целей высшего образования и операциональных целей конкретных организаций, входящих в эту систему.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены при создании учебных курсов по философии образования, в сфере управления образованием.
КОНЦЕПТ «ХЛЕБ» КАК ФРАГМЕНТ РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКОВОГО СОЗНАНИЯ
Authors: Makarova Olga Vladimirovna
Published: February 2018

В статье представлен способ реконструкции концепта на материале ассоциативного эксперимента, который позволяет обнаруживать коллективные черты языковой общности. Цель исследования – выявить реальные смыслы в сознании носителей языка, которые актуализируются в процессе вербальной реакции на слово-стимул «хлеб».Наиболее характерные связи слов, отражающие особенности русской культуры, исследуются нами методом лингво-когнитивного анализа.Концепт «Хлеб» в русской языковой картине мира включает представления, связанные не только с объектом вкуса, источником эмоций, но и своими признаками пересекается с различными ментально-значимыми понятиями: «труд», «семья», «жизнь», «дом», «деньги» и др.Набор когнитивных признаков при таком подходе к изучению структуры и содержания концепта значительно расширяется, и язык предстает не как готовая абстракция, максимально объективированная, а как система, свидетельствующая о ментально-эмоциональном состоянии его среднего носителя в определенный исторический период.Результаты исследования могут быть применены для разработки курсов, посвящённых когнитивной лингвистике, психолингвистике, семантике.
СЕМАНТИЧЕСКАЯ СТРУКТУРА ГЛАГОЛА ОМƎSTῘ ‘СИДЕТЬ’ В ХАНТЫЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ШУРЫШКАРСКОГО ДИАЛЕКТА)
Authors: Nakhrachеva Galina Leonidovna
Published: February 2018

Цель. Статья посвящена выявлению и описанию лексико-семантических вариантов хантыйского глагола omǝstῐ ‘сидеть’. Поскольку семантика глагола неразрывно связана с его сочетаемостью, исследование системы многозначного глагола опирается на его реализацию в контексте. Значения многозначного глагола omǝstῐ выводятся из его лексического окружения, его сочетания с другими лексемами. Именно сочетаемость выступает как условие реализации того или иного значения.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основным материалом для исследования послужила картотека, составленная автором путем сплошной выборки примеров из фольклорных, художественных произведений, а также массив примеров из текстов, опубликованных в хантыйской газете «Лухавт». Кроме всего использовались данные словарей, полевые записи автора. При сборе языкового материала в местах проживания ханты использовались традиционные приемы: опрос, наблюдение, фиксация устной речи при помощи технических средств.Исходя из общей цели исследования, в работе использовались следующие методы: метод контекстного (дистрибутивного) анализа, позволяющий выявить различные значения и оттенки значений исследуемого глагола, и экспериментальный анализ, связанный с работой информантов, при помощи которых проводилось уточнение значений глагола.Результаты. Как показывает наше исследование, глагол omǝstῐ представлен в современном хантыйском языке 10 лексическими значениями, которые детализируют семантический признак «опора на поверхность».Область применения результатов. Материалы и выводы исследования могут быть использованы при составлении словарей хантыйского языка, при чтении вузовских курсов и написании учебных пособий по курсам грамматики и лексикологии хантыйского языка.
СМЫСЛОВЫЕ ПРОТИВОРЕЧИЯ В ПОЗИЦИЯХ ИЗОБРЕТАТЕЛЯ И ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЯ В КОНТЕКСТЕ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИИ
Authors: Ljovkina Anastasia Olegovna
Published: February 2018

Цель. Целью является раскрытие фундаментальных смысловых противоречий в позициях изобретателя и предпринимателя в процессе инновационной деятельности и порождающих их причин. Предметом анализа выступают смыслы инновационной деятельности предпринимателя и изобретателя в контексте современной культуры.Методология проведения работы. Исследование проведено в русле деятельностной парадигмы, опирается на социокультурный и антропосоциетальный подходы. Современные смысловые противоречия в позициях изобретателя и предпринимателя проанализированы с позиций гуманистического подхода с помощью логико-смыслового и ценностного анализа.Результаты. Выделены фундаментальные противоречия в актуальной социально-экономической системе на общественном, организационном и личностном уровнях, отражающие разные ценностные позиции и конфликт интересов изобретателя и предпринимателя. Сделан вывод о необходимости развития механизмов инновационного сотрудничества на микроэкономическом уровне, основанного на общем фундаменте гуманистических ценностей и работающих на цели реализации инновационного развития гуманного общества в целом.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования предназначены для развития социально-философского дискурса по проблемам социального проектирования инновационного развития гуманного общества.