bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARAÇÃO DAS IMAGENS LANDSAT 8 E SENTINEL 2 PARA O MONITORAMENTO DE RESERVATÓRIOS DE ABASTECIMENTO NO CERRADO BRASILEIRO
Authors: MELO Carolina , SCHMIDT Marcio Augusto Reolon , GONÇALVES Rodrigo Mikosz
Published: April 2021

O uso de imagens de satélite como ferramenta de monitoramento ambiental tem grande aplicabilidade em diversas áreas. Contudo, uma área pouca explorada é o monitoramento de recursos hídricos devido à falta de parâmetros que correlacionem a qualidade da água e as imagens. Esta pesquisa avalia o uso de imagens LandSat 8 e Sentinel 2 no monitoramento de reservatórios de abastecimento do Complexo Capim Branco em Uberlândia, MG. Foram analisadas as alterações da resposta espectral em relação a turbidez e sólidos totais.  As imagens do sensor MSI do satélite Sentinel 2 apresentaram precisão espectrais compatíveis com o LandSat 8, mas ao analisar todas as bandas do espectro visível e infravermelho próximo, foi verificado que as imagens LandSat 8 têm maior capacidade de diferenciação de elementos suspensos na água. Os resultados permitiram estabelecer uma equação de correlação entre a turbidez com as bandas das imagens para cada reservatório.
SOIL GEOCHEMISTRY ADJACENT TO CARBONATITES FROM CAÇAPAVA DO SUL, RS, BY FLUORESCENCE OF X-RAYS BY DISPERSIVE ENERGY
Authors: GOMES Cristiane Heredia , BRIOSCHI NETO Plínio , MARQUES Guilherme Alves , DIAS Guilherme Pazinato , SPERANDIO Diogo Gabriel
Published: April 2021

Currently, carbonatites are being severally studied in a prospective matter due to their high chance of containing calcium carbonate, magnesium and iron. They are also considered extremely rich in phosphate and minerals rich in Rare Earth Elements (ETR). In this context, the municipality of Caçapava do Sul has two occurrences of carbonatites: Picada de Tocos and Passo Feio. In order to enrich knowledge and assist in carbonate prospecting, this work aimed to characterize the soil geochemistry at the occurrences of the carbonatites in Caçapava do Sul. The data obtained revealed that there is an anomalous presence of Ca, Mg, Fe, Ti, P, Mn, Co, Th and Ce elements. This anomaly is directly linked to the presence of carbonatites in the region and their chemical composition.
TRANSTENSIVE ORIGIN OF THE ENCADENADAS-VALLIMANCA CORRIDOR (BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA): A REVISION AND A NEW PROPOSAL FROM SATELLITE IMAGES
Authors: ROSSELLO Eduardo A. , LÓPEZ Sergio A.
Published: April 2021

The Encadenadas-Vallimanca Corridor (EVC) corresponds to a morphostructural linear feature defining the northern boundary of the Sierra de la Ventana and Tandil hills in the Buenos Aires province. The scarcity of concluding geological studies has resulted in diverse tectonic and hydrographic interpretations regarding the genesis of the corridor. A new analysis of surface morphology, mainly derived from satellite imagery, led to the identification of a series of gentle and elongated en échelon left-stepping relief features or ridges with cross-sectional asymmetric flanks, having an average length of 20 km and oriented sub-latitudinally at 20° to the ENE strike of the corridor. The arrangement of these ridges reminds a tectonic scenario of right-lateral transcurrent faulting, for which, the limiting parallel faults fulfill the function of synthetic Riedel type shear. Besides, the cross-sectional asymmetry of the ridges suggests extensional normal faulting coherent with a transtensional right-lateral flower structure. Shallow seismicity of Mw 4.0 registered by the year 2016 in the proximities of the lineament could suggest recent fault activity. Also, previous gravity potential field mapping in the area seems to highlight basement anomalies underneath the sedimentary cover, coinciding with the main lineament of the Corridor. Based on all this information, the EVC is considered to be the surface expression of dextral transtensional fault activity.
[ARTIGO RETRATADO] REDES NEURAIS ARTIFICIAIS APLICADAS À PREVISÃO DE ENCHENTES PARA REGIÃO DO PANTANAL NO MATO GROSSO DO SUL
Authors: CRISTALDO Marcia Ferreira , JESUS Leandro de , OLIVEIRA Paulo Tarso de , SOUZA Celso Correia de , VIGANÓ Hevelyne H. G. , PADOVANI Carlos Roberto
Published: April 2021

Desde 1941 existe relatos de enchentes na cidade de Aquidauana e Anastácio. Nesse contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo prever enchentes na área urbana da cidade de Aquidauana, utilizando a técnica de Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNAs). O modelo de RNA proposto foi o Perceptron Multi Camadas (MLP), sendo usados os dados de cotas do rio Aquidauana e da precipitação acumulada do período de 1953 a 2007 em pontos da bacia do rio a montante da cidade de Aquidauana. Para reduzir o número de dados meteorológicos e melhor explicar a variância da matriz de observações, foi aplicada aos dados a técnica de Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP), com o cálculo do coeficiente de correlação r. Os melhores resultados dos coeficientes de correlação foram para um e três dias de antecedência de previsão, com os valores de r iguais a 97% e 86%, respectivamente. Os resultados indicaram que as RNAs forneceram meios confiáveis de detectar o risco de enchentes na cidade de Aquidauana, com previsão de até cinco dias de antecedência.
DADOS MULTI-SENSORES PARA RECONHECIMENTO E MAPEAMENTO DE AMBIENTES SEDIMENTARES NA PLANÍCIE DO RIO AMAZONAS
Authors: SOUZA Simmon Viegas de , RODRIGUES Suzan Waleska Pequeno
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho propôs utilizar imagens de Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) que operam no intervalo das microondas, assim como imagens ópticas que operam no Visible-Near Infrared (VNIR) para reconhecer e mapear os principais ambientes fluviais do Baixo Amazonas. A área-teste (Ilha Grande do Tapará, que correspondente ao setor central do Baixo Rio Amazonas) foi escolhida com o intuito de aumentar a acurácia e qualidade de pontos de controle usados na interpretação dos ambientes da planície. O mapeamento das feições sedimentares foi baseado em classificações não supervisionadas e intepretação visual das imagens Ópticas, SAR e da imagem SPC-SAR resultante do sinergismo entre as imagens iniciais. Os resultados permitiram a identificação de classes lama, areia, vegetação arbórea e pasto aquático, resultando na associação de ambientes de lagos, diques, canais fluviais, deltas fluviais e praia fluvial. Os índices de acurácia geral obtidos pelos classificadores foram de 93,33% e 0,90 para a imagem do sensor óptico; 93,33% e 0,89 para a imagem SAR; e 78,25% e 0,63 para o produto SPC-SAR. Os resultados indicam que o uso dos dados associados nos fornece importantes e precisas informações sobre a planície e, ainda, que o produto integrado contribuiu para o mapeamento da área estudada.
AQUISIÇÃO DE DADOS ESPACIAIS E ANÁLISE DA QUALIDADE DE PRODUTOS CARTOGRÁFICOS OBTIDOS ATRAVÉS DE RPA
Authors: SUICA TORRES Mariana Sarah , PATRIOTA Rhassanno Caracciolo
Published: April 2021

Com o aumento recente da utilização de RPAs, aeronaves remotamente pilotadas, para diversas finalidades, surge, além da preocupação referente à legislação específica, questionamentos relacionados à acurácia dos produtos gerados e sua classificação perante o Padrão de Qualidade Posicional (PEC). Com o intuito de produzir e avaliar os dados cartográficos e produtos fotogramétricos obtidos utilizando esta tecnologia e propondo uma abordagem de baixo custo, foi escolhida uma porção do Riacho Cavouco, afluente do rio Capibaribe situado dentro da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, como a área de estudo e de levantamento de voo. Neste estudo, mostrou-se que RPAs possibilitam a diversificação de produtos fotogramétricos com alta acurácia, atendendo a classe A da PEC.
Ecophysiological responses of two closely related epigean and hypogean Niphargus species to hypoxia and increased temperature: Do they differ?
Authors: Simčič Tatjana , Sket Boris
Published: April 2021

Ecological performance of animals depends on physiological and biochemical processes that are adjusted to the environment. The responses to hypoxia or anoxia have been frequently studied in subterranean aquatic organisms in order to find potential adaptations to restrict oxygen conditions occurring in the underground habitats. However, some previous studies have compared phylogenetic distant epigean and hypogean species or the epigean and hypogean populations of the same species due to little chance to compare closely related epigean and hypogean species. Therefore, in this study, we compared the effects of exposure to hypoxia, followed by reoxygenation, and increased temperature on oxygen consumption, potential metabolic activity, and antioxidant activities in closely related epigean and hypogean species: Niphargus zagrebensis and N. stygius. Oxygen consumption of N. stygius increased similarly during post-hypoxic recovery at 10 and 20°C (approx. 5-times), while N. zagrebensis increased its oxygen consumption for 9.7 and 4.4-times at 10 and 20°C, respectively. We observed higher exploitation of metabolic potential for current oxygen consumption during reoxygenation in N. zagrebensis than N. stygius. Exposure to hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation at 20°C increased catalase (CAT) activity in N. stygius, but not in N. zagrebensis. We observed increased glutathione reductase activity in both Niphargus species. We concluded that respiratory and antioxidant responses to severe hypoxia and increased temperature differed between closely related epigean and hypogean Niphargus species. Hypogean Niphargus species possess physiological and biochemical characteristics that are advantageous in temperature stable subterranean environments which support inhabiting of species that have low energetic demands, while epigean Niphargus species can successfully inhabit specific surface habitats.
Credit Cycles, Fiscal Policy, and Global Imbalances
Authors: Jones Callum , Rabanal Pau
Published: April 2021

We study the role that changes in credit and fiscal positions play in explaining current account fluctuations. Empirically, the current account declines when credit increases, and when the fiscal balance declines. We use a two-country model with financial frictions and fiscal policy to study these facts. We estimate the model using annual data for the U.S. and “a rest of the world” aggregate that includes main advanced economies. We find that about 30 percent of U.S. current account balance fluctuations are due to domestic credit shocks, while fiscal shocks explain about 14 percent. We evaluate simple macroprudential policy rules and show that they help reduce global imbalances. By taming the financial cycle, macroprudential rules that react to domestic credit conditions or to domestic house prices would have led to a smaller and less volatile U.S. current account deficit. We also show that a countercylical fiscal policy rule that stabilizes output growth reduces the level and volatility of the U.S. current account deficit.
Zombies on the Brink
Authors: Hong Gee Hee , Igan Deniz , Lee Do
Published: April 2021

How does unconventional monetary policy affect corporate capital structure and investment decisions? We study the transmission channel of quantitative easing and its potential diminishing returns on investment from a corporate finance perspective. Using a rich bank-firm matched data of Japanese firms with information on corporate debt and investment, we study how firms adjust their capital structure in response to the changes in term premia. Investment responds positively to a reduction in the term premium on average. However, there is a significant degree of cross-sectional variation in firm response: healthier firms increase capital spending and cash holdings, while financially vulnerable firms take advantage of lower long-term yields to refinance without increasing investment.
Inequality and Locational Determinants of the Distribution of Living Standards in India
Authors: Balasubramanian Sriram , Kumar Rishabh , Loungani Prakash
Published: April 2021

Using 2011-12 consumption micro-data, we find that nearly one-third of the variation in living standards in India can be explained by location alone. Consumption levels and locational inequality are positively related. In effect, from an individual’s perspective, living standards are higher in richer, but more unequal, locations in India. The central factor behind these findings is the large difference in average consumption levels between rural and urban India and continued divergence in per-capita incomes between rich and poor states. Our results provide a possible explanation for the persistence of economic migration from rural to urban areas within a fast-growing emerging economy. While individuals cannot easily alter specific characteristics like their caste or religion, they have some freedom to change their location to enjoy better living standards.
Labor and Product Market Reforms and External Imbalances
Authors: Duval Romain , Furceri Davide , Jalles João Tovar
Published: April 2021

We explore the impact of major labor and product market reforms on current account dynamics using a new “narrative” database of major changes in employment protection for regular workers and product market regulation for non-manufacturing industries covering 26 advanced economies over the past four decades. Our main finding is that product market deregulation is associated with a weakening of the current account, while labor market deregulation is associated with an improvement. These effects are transitory and driven by both saving and investment responses. Labor and product market reforms both have a more positive impact on the current account balance when implemented under weak macroeconomic conditions. Our results are broadly consistent with predictions from recent DSGE models with endogenous producer entry and labor market frictions.
Samoa
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Published: April 2021

Samoa has shown resilience to past economic shocks, underpinned by the authorities’ strong commitment to support the economy and financial assistance provided by the international community. Samoa was among the first countries in the world to secure its border to protect its citizens from COVID-19. The authorities’ quick response to the measles outbreak and the global pandemic has identified the policy priorities well. The international community also responded swiftly, including the IMF disbursement under the Rapid Credit Facility (RCF) in April 2020 which helped unlock record budget support grants by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the World Bank (WB). The authorities strengthened the health care system and provided support to the private sector, with assistance targeted to vulnerable businesses and households to safeguard livelihoods.
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Published: April 2021

This remote mission provided the authorities with advice in fiscal risk management. The mission covered three interrelated topics: (i) the Public Finance and Expenditure Management
(PFEM) Law and fiscal risks oversight and management; (ii) the Stated-Owned Corporations (SOC); and (iii) the Public-Private Partnerships (PPP). This report focuses especially on reforms that could be implemented during the life of the next IMF program.
Insolvency Prospects Among Small-and-Medium-Sized Enterprises in Advanced Economies
Authors: Diez Federico , Duval Romain , Fan Jiayue , Garrido José , Kalemli-Ozcan Sebnem , Maggi Chiara , Martinez Peria Maria , Pierri Nicola
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased insolvency risks, especially among small and medium enterprises (SMEs), which are vastly overrepresented in hard-hit sectors. Without government intervention, even firms that are viable a priori could end up being liquidated—particularly in sectors characterized by labor-intensive technologies, threatening both macroeconomic and social stability.

This staff discussion note assesses the impact of the pandemic on SME insolvency risks and policy options to address them. It quantifies the impact of weaker aggregate demand, changes in sectoral consumption patterns, and lockdowns on firm balance sheets and estimates the impact of a range of policy options, for a large sample of SMEs in (mostly) advanced economies.
Sierra Leone
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: April 2021

Sierra Leone continues to grapple with the serious and persistent economic and social effects of the pandemic. Containment measures and trade disruptions in 2020 weakened domestic demand and exports and caused domestic revenues to fall. Moreover, food insecurity has risen from its already-high pre-COVID-19 level. 2021 is set to be another challenging year, with the ‘second wave’ of infections and
vaccine-related uncertainties posing further risks to the recovery. As import growth picks up and development partner support returns to pre-2020 levels, Sierra Leone faces urgent external and fiscal financing needs (both around about 2 percent of GDP). Uncertainty about the outlook and larger near-term financing gaps have impeded the immediate resumption of the program under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF). The authorities are therefore requesting a disbursement under the Rapid Credit Facility
(RCF) of 17 percent of quota (SDR 35.26 million). This follows the June 2020 RCF
(50 percent of quota or SDR 103.7 million) and would bring total access for the past 12-month period to 82 percent of quota (or 5½ percent of GDP), well within the
150 percent of quota annual PRGT access limit. The authorities also received debt relief under the Catastrophe Containment and Response Trust (CCRT) and are participating in the Debt Service Suspension Initiative (DSSI).
The 5,7,2, 5 -tetrahydroxy-8,6 –dimethoxyflavone up-regulates miR 145 expression and inhibits proliferation of gastric cancer cells
Authors: Wei Chunhong , Jiang Peng , Li Guangxu , Li Meng , Wang Li
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Gastric cancer is a frequently detected malignancy and its incidence has increased over the past decades in East Asia. The present study investigated the effect of 5,7,2, 5 -tetrahydroxy-8,6 –dimethoxyflavone (THDMF) on gastric cancer cells and explored the underlying mechanism.

Material and methods

MTT colorimetric assay was used for measurement of MKN28, MKN45and GES 1cell proliferation and flow cytometry for detection of apoptosis. Transwell and wound healing assays were used to observe the invasion and migration abilities of MKN28 cells. The expression of p21, MMP2/-9, PI3K and c Myc proteins was detected by western blotting.

Results

The THDMF treatment significantly (P<0.05) reduced MKN28 and MKN45 cell proliferation without changing GES 1 cell viability. A significant increase in apoptotic cell population on treatment with THDMF was observed. Treatment of MKN28 cells with THDMF increased percentage of cells in G1 phase. Exposure of MKN28 cells to THDMF caused a marked decrease in invasion and migration potential. The expression of miR 145 was markedly increased in MKN28 cells on treatment with THDMF. In MKN28 cells expression of c Myc, PI3K, p AKT, MMP-2 and MMP-9 was suppressed markedly. The expression of p21 protein was markedly promoted on exposure to THDMF.

Conclusions

In summary, THDMF exhibits anti-cancer effect on gastric cancer cells in vitro by activation of cell apoptosis and arrest of cell cycle. In addition, THDMF promoted miR 145 expression and down-regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in MKN28 cells. Therefore, THDMF may be utilized as a potential novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of gastric cancer.
Inherited Futures and Queer Privilege
Authors: McLoughlin Caitlyn
Published: April 2021

This chapter considers John Capgrave’s Life of St Katherine within a
queer genealogical framework in order to contribute to a queer historical
archive. Procreative and generative language and detail early in the
narrative explicitly open the vita to a reading that considers the text
itself as offspring in a genealogical line of reproduced texts. Thus the
chapter also understands this textual procreation as representative of
a particularly genderqueer temporality. Finally, this chapter offers an
intersectional consideration of Katherine’s characterization in order to
assess how different social privileges and subjugations effect and enable
her veneration, complicating essentialist notions of gendered social position
and female sanctity.
Performing America: Featherwork and Affective Politics
Authors: Rublack Ulinka
Published: April 2021

This article analyses feather-work as central material in the culture of a German
court around 1600. Materials afforded meanings, invited specific practices,
and thus became agents that “enmeshed” an audience to endorse new social,
economic, and political norms. They formed part of an affective culture and
habitus, reproduced in similar spaces and atmospheres. Feathers could be part of
specific emotional styles and embodied practices. Their appreciation intertwined
with specific collecting and media strategies as well as the encounter of the
Americas. Artefacts fostered emotional communication and aimed at affective
transformation in performances such as those at the Württemberg court. They
strongly appealed to tactile sensory engagement as much as to vision as modes
of perception.
Shimmering Virtue: Joris Hoefnagel and the Uses of Shell Gold in the Early Modern Period
Authors: Seehafer Michèle
Published: April 2021

While there is a rich literature on the use of gold leaf in painting, its powdered
form known as shell gold, a pigment applied with brushes, has received far less
attention. This chapter provides a historical overview of this exclusive painters’
material and focuses on two artworks by the Antwerp miniaturist Joris Hoefnagel
(1542–1600) that specifically demonstrate the use of shell gold as a mediating
material. Each painting exemplifies how Hoefnagel fashioned his artistic virtuosity
through the use of shell gold and through visual references to this material.
Additionally, two historical shell-gold recipes have been reconstructed to enhance
the understanding of the material and provide a glimpse into the practitioner’s
own physical involvement.
Global Mental Health
Authors: Sax William S. , Lang Claudia
Published: April 2021

Although the contributors to this volume are sympathetic to many of
the goals of the Movement for Global Mental Health, we are also of the
view that its agenda at the time of publication is based upon a number of
problematic assumptions, that it may serve unacknowledged interests,
and that in some respects it might even have harmful consequences. In
the introduction we focus on the problematic assumptions that “mental
disorders” can clearly be identified; that they are primarily of biological
origin; that the world is currently facing an “epidemic” of mental disorders;
that the most appropriate treatments for them normally involve psychopharmaceutical
drugs; and that local or indigenous therapies are of little
interest or importance. We also question the value of “scaling up” mental
health services, as advocated by the Movement for Global Mental Health,
and conclude by summarising the structure of the book, with brief comments
on the various essays.
Ayurvedic Psychiatry and the Moral Physiology of Depression in Kerala
Authors: Lang Claudia
Published: April 2021

The GMH movement has not considered psychiatric traditions outside
mainstream psychiatry. By highlighting the existence and significance
of Ayurvedic mental health care, I challenge the notion of a “treatment
gap” in India. At the same time, focusing on Ayurvedic psychiatry as
an alternative to globalised biomedical psychiatry and highly dynamic
field, I go beyond the usual dichotomy of global psychiatry and local
traditional healing by showing how a (re)invented tradition assembles
local bio-moral embodied minds, classic texts, vernacular practices, and
globalised psychiatric and psychological knowledge to recognise and
treat distressed, embodied minds. Against the narrative of traditional
medicine as the epistemic “other” to Western psychiatry, I will describe
how Ayurvedic psychiatrists engage elements of globalised psychiatry
and psychology while stressing Ayurveda’s epistemic difference and
embodied alterities.
Global Mental Therapy
Authors: Sax William S.
Published: April 2021

There already exists a type of global mental therapy that has used by
virtually everyone, in every culture and during all periods of human
history: it is called ‘ritual.’ But this is not recognised by the MGHM, nor
have the therapeutic aspects of ritual been adequately investigated by
psychology and psychiatry, nor are these disciplines sufficiently aware of
the degree to which their own practices are ritualised. Most advocates of
Global Mental Health have an extremely limited understanding of what
people throughout the world actually do when they experience extreme
mental suffering: they perform rituals. What explains this lack of interest
in what is likely the most ubiquitous type of global mental therapy? Why
does the topic remain so woefully under-researched? Can “rituals” be
effective in treating mental suffering, and if so, how? Drawing on several
decades of ethnographic research on ritual healing in Asia, Africa, and
Europe, I suggest a number of provisional answers to these questions.
The ‘Citadel of Campania’: Growth and Prosperity
Authors: Rennie Kriston R.
Published: April 2021

This chapter examines Monte Cassino’s long-standing reputation as a
sacred mountain. It asks how the abbey conditioned, reinforced, and
engendered its place in the history of the Western religious tradition.
Its physical location and environment are critical to understanding its
history of settlement and inhabitation, time and again, after repeated
episodes of destruction and exile. But how exactly did the abbey achieve
this sacralised status? And what historical conditions contributed to
Monte Cassino’s growth and prosperity beyond a localised influence? As
argued throughout this chapter, the abbey’s spiritual and historical allure
are defining features of its past, demonstrating formative qualities for
understanding the abbey’s identity and sense of its own history, culture,
and tradition.
Floreat Semper: Rebuilding, Stone by Stone
Authors: Rennie Kriston R.
Published: April 2021

This chapter examines the abbey’s repeated recovery efforts. It asks two
principal questions: why, after every episode of destruction between the
sixth and twentieth centuries, was it deemed necessary to rebuild the
abbey? And, how was this task successfully achieved? Such questioning
necessarily considers the role of human agency, both individual and
collective, in the overall enterprise. But it also counters the problem of
historical determinism: the view, in this case, that the abbey’s recovery
was somehow inevitable or predetermined.
LETRAMENTO DIGITAL: CAMINHO PARA INCLUSÃO E PERMANÊNCIA
Authors: Bassoli Dyjalma Antonio , Machado Edileine Vieira , Oliveira Patrícia Virgínia , Diniz Bruna Barbosa , Santos Weider Alberto Costa
Published: April 2021

Introdução: Esse trabalho apresenta relato de experiência em cursos de graduação EAD utilizando letramento digital. Considera-se que o letramento digital, além de melhorar o aproveitamento do curso, contribui para o estudante sentir-se pertencente ao grupo, potencializando a comunicação e o melhor manuseio e exploração dos materiais e recursos disponíveis com eficiência e consciência sobre sua finalidade e função. Letramento é um verbete ainda em construção e é um fenômeno plural. Essa leitura nos levou a buscar por teóricos que viessem ao encontro dessa afirmação e nos instigou a aprofundar nossos conhecimentos. Foram encontrados autores que nos ajudam a compreender e explicar práticas de letramento digital que vivenciamos na educação a distância e que nos fez debruçar sobre esse processo. Objetivo: Descrever a prática vivenciada de letramento digital no Cesmac EAD. Material e métodos: Estudo descritivo, tipo relato de experiência. Os participantes foram ingressantes nos cursos de graduação EAD do ano 2020 que foram convidados a acessarem a sala de “Ambientação”. Nesse momento, iniciou-se o trabalho de letramento digital e acolhida dos novos estudantes, com temáticas instigantes e importantes para que fossem inseridos na EAD, como: “Você sabe estudar?”; “Hábitos de estudos e fluência digital”; “Mapas mentais”; entre outros. Resultados: 100% dos estudantes participantes da “Ambientação” apresentaram maior autonomia e segurança no uso da plataforma e seus recursos, comparados aos que não aderiram a esse momento; foram alunos mais participativos e comunicativos e tenderam a permanecer no curso, visto que, entre as causas de evasão, sinaliza-se não saber utilizar as ferramentas. Conclusão: letramento digital contribui para a inclusão do estudante no ambiente virtual de aprendizagem, proporciona o protagonismo e, consequentemente a sua permanência no curso.
EL EJERCICIO DE LOS DERECHOS LINGÜÍSTICOS DE LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS U ORIGINARIOS EN EL PERÚ
Authors: Huañahui Sillocca Antonio Eliseo
Published: April 2021

Este artículo trata sobre los derechos lingüísticos de los pueblos originarios en el acceso a la administración de justicia. Usar las lenguas indígenas en forma individual y colectiva es un derecho que el Estado tiene la obligación de reconocer, respetar, proteger y promover. Los idiomas originarios deben ser garantizados, fomentados y fortalecidos, sin embargo, en Perú la cultura occidental aún subordina a los pueblos indígenas. Dicha práctica de dominación es percibida como un hecho “normal” que ha logrado interiorizarse en la población indígena, generando un problema de autoestima. Es necesario construir un nuevo modelo de Estado con instituciones y una justicia pluriculturales y multilingües.
LAS POLÍTICAS Y LOS DERECHOS LINGÜÍSTICOS EN EL PAÍS VASCO . Entrevista a Pello Salaburu Etxeberria
Authors: Ramos Ayala Luz Amparo
Published: April 2021

Pello Salaburu Etxeberria es catedrático de la Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), de la cual ha sido rector (1996-2000), vicerrector de Política Lingüística y director del Instituto de Euskara. Es parte del Consejo Asesor del Euskara del Gobierno Vasco, miembro de Euskaltzaindia / Academia de la Lengua Vasca.
EL ESTADO DE DERECHO Y LA “SOCIEDAD DE RESTRICCIÓN” EN TIEMPOS DE PANDEMIA
Authors: Gonzales Pichihua Markoni
Published: April 2021

La pandemia del coronavirus es el origen de la implementación de regímenes de excepción en varios Estados del mundo. El régimen de excepción forma parte de la estructura de la democracia liberal y es legitimado por el Estado de Derecho. En estos periodos el “monarca republicano” extiende sus poderes y centraliza otros. Se produce una legislación de excepción, se activan las fuentes jurídicas arbitrarias y se desarrolla el Derecho de necesidad. En esta época de excepción, el Estado de Derecho continúa rigiendo, pero pierde efectividad, así como el Estado sigue sujeto al régimen de Derecho, pero comienza a visibilizar sus instituciones arbitrarias. El único contrapeso a la extensión del poder estatal, en estas circunstancias, es el régimen del capital, sobre todo en el ámbito internacional. Este artículo explica la “sociedad de restricción” que se desarrolla en el corazón de los regímenes constitucionales-pluralistas, tanto en periodos ordinarios como de crisis.
Desglobalização: um estudo sobre barreiras que influenciam a internacionalização de empresas
Authors: Pietruchinski Amanda Hoeldtke , Fabrini Adriana Gresielly
Published: April 2021

Acontecimentos como a saída da Inglaterra do Mercado Comum Europeu, o aumento das taxas de importação feitas pelo presidente Americano Donald Trump e a guerra comercial com a China são exemplos atuais de medidas de restrição e de proteção ao comércio internacional. Em face às posturas protecionistas governamentais que objetivam blindar suas economias, proteger suas indústrias e muitas vezes obter vantagens no comércio internacional de bens e serviços, é latente a necessidade de as empresas internacionalizadas evoluírem seus processos de planejamento adaptação e legitimação ao ambiente globalizado a fim de manterem e/ou elevarem seus níveis de competitividade. Baseado no livro “Business Besides Borders” este artigo identifica e analisa, de forma qualitativa, as barreiras que influenciam o comércio internacional. Além disso, expõe os mecanismos de adaptação e inovação gerenciais que capazes de manter o fluxo de comércio com o mínimo de prejuízo às empresas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza aplicada, de cunho descritivo e explicativo, cuja coleta de dados baseou-se em análise bibliográfica.
International practice of preventing suicide among prison staff
Authors:   Federal Governmental Institution «Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia», LESHCHENKO SVETLANA A. , POPOV ANDREI N. ,   Institute of Advanced Professional Training of the State Budgetary Institution of Higher Professional Education «Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko»
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The article is devoted to the international experience in the prevention of suicidal tendencies among employees of penitentiary institutions. Statistics on the number of suicides in Europe and the United States among officers of correctional institutions is provided. Constructive Ведомости уголовно-исполнительной системы № 4/2021 31 учреждений. Выделены конструктивные про- граммы и успешные методики по профилакти- ке самоубийств среди сотрудников. Подчер- киваются меры предосторожности со стороны профильных служб по организации работы с сотрудниками, имеющими склонность к само- повреждениям в зарубежных пенитенциарных учреждениях. Ключевые слова: суицидальные наклонно- сти, профилактика самоубийств, психическое здоровье, стресс, депрессивное состояние, по- пытка самоубийств. programs and successful techniques for the prevention of suicide among employees are highlighted. Precautions on the part of specialized services in foreign penitentiary institutions for organizing work with employees who are prone to self-harm are emphasized. Key words: suicidal tendencies, suicide prevention, mental health, stress, depression, suicide attempt.
TEOLOGI PUBLIK STANLEY HAUERWAS DAN PENERAPANNYA DALAM KONTEKS DI INDONESIA
Authors: Bangun Calvin
Published: April 2021

Orang Kristen tidak dapat melarikan diri dari masyarakat sehingga teologi publik dibutuhkan oleh orang Kristen untuk berkontribusi kepada masyarakat. Pada satu aspek, teologi publik harus relevan dengan masyarakat tetapi di aspek yang lain harus dapat menunjukkan identitasnya. Terdapat banyak jenis teologi publik dan salah satunya diusulkan oleh Stanley Hauerwas. Hauerwas mengajukan sebuah model teologi publik yang berdasarkan komunitas dan narasi sehingga kontribusi orang Kristen tidak kehilangan identitasnya demi mendapatkan relevansi publik. Teologi publik Hauerwas menekankan peran gereja dalam teologi pubik. Sekalipun model ini didasarkan pada konteks Amerika Serikat tetapi dapat memberikan masukan yang bermanfaat dalam berteologi publik di Indonesia.
Student Retention in secondary schools of Seventh-day Adventist Church in East Kenya Union Conference
Authors: Kamundi Shadrack
Published: April 2021

The study assessed students’ retention in secondary schools of the SDA Church in EKUC. It employed a concurrent mixed methods research design and adopted an exploratory approach using a descriptive survey. The subjects of the study included students, principals, the Conferences/Field Education Directors and the Board of Management (BoM) chairpersons. Based on expectancy theory of motivation, the study adopted the concurrent mixed methods research design. The target population was the twenty Seventh-day Adventist Church maintained Secondary Schools in EKUC. The unit of analysis was eleven secondary school principals, five education directors and, eleven chairpersons of the school boards of management (BOM) and 335 students. Cluster sampling technique was used to get the samples. The target population was divided into five clusters (principals, students, education directors and, board chairpersons). Samples were obtained from each of these clusters. The instruments used for data collection were questionnaires for students. Interview schedules were organized for education directors, the school BoM chairpersons and the principals for triangulation. Observation schedule was also organized. This targeted the school infrastructure and generally all what goes on in the school. The school learning facilities and the behavior of teachers in school was also captured here. The other instrument used was the tool for document analysis to collect data for 8 years. Students (335) were required to fill the provided questionnaire, but the eleven principals, five education directions and eleven BoM chairpersons were subjected to interviews. Documentary analysis method was used to get information on KCSE performance for the same period of eight years. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations.  Documentary analysis was done on records about teacher retention.  Content analysis was done on responses from interviews and in open-ended questions. The findings show that there were high numbers of students in Form 2 and 3 who dropped within the year and those who joined. Students were being replaced as they dropped out in some of the years. All in all, there were high annual turnover rates.  This could affect the learning processes as well as students’ academic performance. The study recommends the need for schools to put in place strategies for ensuring that students learning facilities were available.  Students should also be motivated to remain in school. Bursaries and sponsorships for students from poor backgrounds should be availed. Spiritual guidance, work programs and flexible fees payment mechanisms should also be instituted so as to support children from poor background to remain in school.
In situ Ozone Production is highly sensitive to Volatile Organic Compounds in the Indian Megacity of Delhi
Authors: Nelson Beth S. , Stewart Gareth J. , Drysdale Will S. , Newland Mike J. , Vaughan Adam R. , Dunmore Rachel E. , Edwards Pete M. , Lewis Alastair C. , Hamilton Jacqueline F. , Acton W. Joe F. , Hewitt C. Nicholas , Crilley Leigh R. , Alam Mohammed S. , Şahin Ülkü A. , Beddows David C. S. , Bloss William J. , Slater Eloise , Whalley Lisa K. , Heard Dwayne E. , Cash James M. , Langford Ben , Nemitz Eiko , Sommariva Roberto , Cox Sam ,   Shivani, Gadi Ranu , Gurjar Bhola R. , Hopkins James R. , Rickard Andrew R. , Lee James D.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The Indian megacity of Delhi suffers from some of the poorest air quality in the world. While ambient NO2 and particulate matter (PM) concentrations have received considerable attention in the city, high ground level ozone (O3) concentrations are an often overlooked component of pollution. O3 can lead to significant ecosystem damage, agricultural crop losses, and adversely affect human health. During October 2018, concentrations of speciated non-methane hydrocarbons volatile organic compounds (C2 – C13), oxygenated volatile organic compounds (o-VOCs), NO, NO2, HONO, CO, SO2, O3, and photolysis rates, were continuously measured at an urban site in Old Delhi. These observations were used to constrain a detailed chemical box model utilising the Master Chemical Mechanism v3.3.1. VOCs and NOx (NO + NO2) were varied in the model to test their impact on local O3 production rates, P(O3), which revealed a VOC-limited chemical regime. When only NOx concentrations were reduced, a significant increase in P(O3) was observed, thus VOC co-reduction approaches must also be considered in pollution abatement strategies. Of the VOCs examined in this work, mean morning P(O3) rates were most sensitive to monoaromatic compounds, followed by monoterpenes and alkenes, where halving their concentrations in the model led to a 15.6 %, 13.1 % and 12.9 % reduction in P(O3), respectively. P(O3) was not sensitive to direct changes in aerosol surface area but was very sensitive to changes in photolysis rates, which may be influenced by future changes in PM concentrations. VOC and NOx concentrations were divided into emission source sectors, as described by the EDGAR v5.0 Global Air Pollutant Emissions and EDGAR v4.3.2_VOC_spec inventories, allowing for the impact of individual emission sources on P(O3) to be investigated. Reducing road transport emissions only, a common strategy in air pollution abatement strategies worldwide, was found to increase P(O3), even when the source was removed in its entirety. Effective reduction in P(O3) was achieved by reducing road transport along with emissions from combustion for manufacturing and process emissions. Modelled P(O3) reduced by ~20 ppb h−1 when these combined sources were halved. This study highlights the importance of reducing VOCs in parallel with NOx and PM in future pollution abatement strategies in Delhi.
The impact of sea waves on turbulent heat fluxes in the Barents Sea according to numerical modeling
Authors: Myslenkov Stanislav , Shestakova Anna , Chechin Dmitry
Published: April 2021

Abstract. This paper investigates the impact of sea waves on turbulent heat fluxes in the Barents Sea. The Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) algorithm, meteorological data from reanalysis and wave data from the WAVEWATCH III wave model results were used. The turbulent heat fluxes were calculated using the modified Charnock parameterization for the roughness length and several parameterizations that explicitly account for the sea wave parameters. A catalog of storm wave events and a catalog of extreme cold-air outbreaks over the Barents Sea were created and used to calculate heat fluxes during extreme events. The important role of cold-air outbreaks in the energy exchange between the Barents Sea and the atmosphere is demonstrated. A high correlation was found between the number of cold-air outbreak days and turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat, as well as with the net flux of longwave radiation averaged over the ice-free surface of the Barents Sea during a cold season. The differences in the long-term mean values of heat fluxes calculated using different parameterizations for the roughness length are small and are on average 1 %–3 % of the flux magnitude. The parameterizations of Taylor and Yelland (2001) and Oost et al. (2002) lead to an increase in the magnitude of the fluxes on average, and the parameterization of Drennan et al. (2003) leads to a decrease in the magnitude of the fluxes over the entire sea compared with the Charnock parameterization. The magnitude of heat fluxes and their differences during the storm wave events exceed the mean values by a factor of 2. However, the effect of explicitly accounting for the wave parameters is, on average, small and multidirectional, depending on the parameterization used for the roughness length. With respect to the climatic aspect, it can be argued that explicitly accounting for sea waves in the calculations of heat fluxes can be neglected. However, during the simultaneously observed storm wave events and cold-air outbreaks, the sensitivity of the calculated values of fluxes to the parameterizations used increases along with the turbulent heat transfer increase. In some extreme cases, during storms and cold-air outbreaks, the difference exceeds 700 W m−2.
Technical note: Measurement of chemically resolved volume equivalent diameter and effective density of particles by AAC-SPAMS
Authors: Peng Long , Li Lei , Zhang Guohua , Du Xubing , Wang Xinming , Peng Ping'an , Sheng Guoying , Bi Xinhui
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Size and effective density (ρe) are important properties of
aerosol particles and are related to their influences on human health and
the global climate. The volume equivalent diameter (Dve) is an intrinsic
property that is used to evaluate particle size. Three definitions of
ρe are generally used to characterize the physical property of a
particle as an alternative to particle density, in which only the ρeII, defined as the ratio of particle density (ρp) to
a dynamic shape factor (χ), has the characteristic of being
independent of particle size. However, it is still challenging to
simultaneously characterize the Dve and ρeII of
aspherical particles. Here, we present a novel system that classifies
particles with their aerodynamic diameter (Da) by aerodynamic aerosol
classifier (AAC) and determines their vacuum aerodynamic diameter
(Dva) by single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS) to achieve a
measurement of Dve and ρeII. The reliability of the
AAC-SPAMS system for accurately obtaining Dve and ρeII
is verified based on the result that the deviation between the measured and
theoretical values is less than 6 % for the size-resolved spherical
polystyrene latex (PSL). The AAC-SPAMS system was applied to characterize the
Dve and ρeII of (NH4)2SO4 and NaNO3
particles, suggesting that these particles are aspherical and their ρeII is independent of particle size. Finally, the AAC-SPAMS system was
deployed in a field measurement, showing that it is a powerful technique to
characterize the chemically resolved Dve and ρeII of
particles in real time.
Elemental analysis of oxygenated organic coating on black carbon particles using a soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometer
Authors: Ma Mutian , Rivellini Laura-Hélèna , Cui YuXi , Willis Megan D. , Wilkie Rio , Abbatt Jonathan P. D. , Canagaratna Manjula R. , Wang Junfeng , Ge Xinlei , Lee Alex K. Y.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Chemical characterization of organic coatings is important to advance our
understanding of the physio-chemical properties and environmental fate of
black carbon (BC) particles. The soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometer
(SP-AMS) has been utilized for this purpose in recent field studies. The
laser vaporization (LV) scheme of the SP-AMS can heat BC cores gradually until
they are completely vaporized, during which organic coatings can be
vaporized at temperatures lower than that of the thermal vaporizer (TV) used
in a standard high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer
(HR-ToF-AMS) that employs flash vaporization. This work investigates the
effects of vaporization schemes on fragmentation and elemental analysis of
known oxygenated organic species using three SP-AMS instruments. We show
that LV can reduce fragmentation of organic molecules. Substantial
enhancement of C2H3O+/CO2+ and
C2H4O2+ signals was observed for most of the tested
species when the LV scheme was used, suggesting that the observational
frameworks based on the use of HR-ToF-AMS field data may not be directly applicable
for evaluating the chemical evolution of oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA)
components coated on ambient BC particles. The uncertainties of H:C and O:C
determined using the improved-ambient (I-A) method for both LV and TV
approaches were similar, and scaling factors of 1.10 for H:C and 0.89 for
O:C were determined to facilitate more direct comparisons between
observations from the two vaporization schemes. Furthermore, the I-A method
was updated based on the multilinear regression model for the LV scheme
measurements. The updated parameters can reduce the relative errors of O:C
from −26.3 % to 5.8 %, whereas the relative errors of H:C remain roughly
the same. Applying the scaling factors and the updated parameters for the
I-A method to ambient data, we found that even though the time series of OOA
components determined using the LV and TV schemes are strongly correlated at
the same location, OOA coatings were likely less oxygenated compared to
those externally mixed with BC.
Review: Electromotive force in the solar wind
Authors: Narita Yasuhito
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The concept of electromotive force appears in various electromagnetic applications in geophysical and astrophysical fluids. An overview of the electromotive force and its applications to the solar wind are discussed such as the electromotive force profile during the shock crossings and the observational tests for the mean-field model against the solar wind data. The electromotive force is being recognized as serving as a useful tool to construct a more complete picture of space plasma turbulence when combined with the energy spectra and helicity profiles.