bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Projektbericht: Befragung der Zivilgesellschaft zu Geodaten in Bamberg
Authors: Ackermann Leonie , Demko Khrystyna
Published: March 2022

Im Rahmen des Smart City Programms der Stadt Bamberg wurde eine Befragung der Zivilgesellschaft durchgeführt, mit dem Ziel, Informationen über die aktuelle Geodaten-Nutzung und potenzielle Nutzungsszenarien für ein städtisches Geodatenportal zu sammeln. Der verwendete Fragebogen und die Ergebnisse werden dargestellt, sowie mögliche Gründe für den Umfrage-Abbruch diskutiert. Es zeigt sich, dass unter den Befragten, die die Umfrage vollständig ausgefüllt haben, ein großer Anteil bereits Geodaten nutzt. Diese Personen und Organisationen sind bereits gut in der Lage ihre Bedarfe und Ideen einzubringen, während andere Teile der Zivilgesellschaft noch keinen Nutzen von Geodaten für sich sehen. Die abschließende Diskussion der gesammelten Use Cases bietet Ansatzpunkte für die weitere Auseinandersetzung mit möglichen Funktionalitäten einer Bamberger Datenplattform.
Parisina op. 15 de Leopoldo Miguéz: programa, poema sinfônico e drama
Authors: Dudeque Norton
Published: March 2022

Este artigo discute aspectos do poema sinfônico Parisina op. 15 de Leopoldo Miguéz. O programa da obra é baseado no poema homônimo de Lord Byron, que narra a tragédia do personagem que dá nome à obra. Ao adaptar o poema de Byron para seu programa, o compositor articula a música em três cenas, sendo a terceira uma forma sonata que provê ao compositor a retórica necessária para a mais enfática expressão do drama. Importante neste aspecto é a prática de “deformação” da forma sonata elaborada por Hepokoski e Darcy (2006), que provê possibilidades de modificação da forma mantendo a retórica tradicional. A discussão analítica apresentada no decorrer do texto almeja esclarecer como Miguéz articula sua obra para tal.
THE INVISIBLE “B”: bisexual erasure and biphobia on the television series Glee
Authors: Kurtz Adriana Schryver , Thomas Fabiana Marsiglia
Published: March 2022

This article seeks to understand how female bisexuality is represented on the television series Glee, a worldwide phenomenon in the first two decades of the 21st century, through the analysis of the character Brittany Pierce. For this, the content analysis technique was used, based on a qualitative, exploratory, bibliographic and documentary research. It was concluded that Glee abuses negative stereotypes related to female bisexuality, such as indecision, promiscuity and infidelity, despite being a series known for its diversity and positive representation of the LGBTQIA+ community. Glee missed the opportunity to portray bisexuality in a valid and legitimate way, reinforcing the diverse stigmas that hover over bisexual women.
Social inequalities in remote education in times of pandemic
Authors: Maciel Erika da Silva , Lima Luan Pereira , Quaresma Fernando Rodrigues Peixoto
Published: March 2022

The year 2020 was marked by the appearance of a new coronavirus, making changes necessary in all areas of citizens' lives, especially in education, which needed to be reformulated. In Brazil, there are social inequalities that affect access to digital technologies or education itself. The purpose of this study is to verify in the literature what has been produced about remote education associated with social inequalities and what are the impacts of these inequalities on students' learning in times of pandemic. A bibliographic and exploratory research was used. It is verified with the findings that the lack of access to the internet, in general, and to digital media in a more specific way, can cause lasting impacts on the lives of Brazilian children and adolescents.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE LEARNING MANAGEMENT CONCEPT DESCRIBED IN THE LITERATURE
Authors: Martins José Lauro , Milhomem Dhuliet Keterine Ferreira
Published: March 2022

The Learning management underpins a teaching proposal organized around learning, based on the protagonism of the learner. It is about considering the experiences brought by all the actors involved. This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of the Learning Management concept described in the scientific literature. For that, a systematic review of the published literature was carried out between 2010 and 2020. The PRISMA protocol was used, 50 articles were selected. The scientific literature points out that learning management is treated in an indirect and fragmented way in studies, and establishing little relation between its guiding principles. As well as the importance of a greater appropriation and division of responsibilities in the teaching-learning process.
The War of the French and Spain Alliance in Viet Nam in the Year 1858 – 1860
Authors: Hoang Thao Phuong , Daszynska Jolanta , Robak Piotr
Published: March 2022

This article analyzes the Franco-Spanish invasion of Vietnam from 1858 to 1860. Research is based on documents such as correspondence, reports, archives and diplomatic treaties as well as monographs from the time France intended to invade Vietnam through missionary activities until the end of the Franco-Spanish invasion. The article focuses on three basic issues that are the causes of the alliance, the evolution of the French and Spanish coalition invasion in Vietnam and its impact on stakeholders. The research results on the Franco-Spanish invasion of Vietnam indicated that the invasion carried out by this alliance was more special than that of the other French coalitions before. The invasion was based on an alliance without any commitment to the interests and responsibilities of the parties. The goals of France and Spain in this invasion were different. That led to conflict between France and Spain during the invasion and the fall of the alliance. France achieved its goal through an invasion that turned Vietnam into a colony, while Spain had barely achieved its desire to have commercial and missionary interests in the area.
Suppressive Effect of Anaerobically Digested Slurries and Bacterial Isolates Against Fusarium Wilt of Spinach
Authors: Sugiyama Tomomi , Natsuaki Keiko T. , Tanaka Naoto , Shiwa Yuh , Irie Mami
Published: March 2022

This study was designed to assess the suppressive effects of various anaerobically digested slurries (ADSs), and the microorganisms inhabiting them, against Fusarium wilt in spinach. We used five different ADSs from a range of source materials (dairy cow manure, sewage sludge, food garbage, pig manure, night soil sludge), combined in different proportions. All five raw ADSs suppressed the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae (Fos) on agar plates using a co-culture test. In contrast, filtrate ADSs did not suppress the growth of Fos. In total, 32 bacterial strains were isolated from five ADSs, and 8 isolates showed antagonistic activities against Fos. Based on 16S rDNA sequences, the strain AD-3 isolated from ADS from dairy cow manure belonged to Bacillus velezensis. Genome analysis revealed that AD-3 had two kinds of genes related to the production of the non-ribosomal lipopeptides, fengycin/plipastatin (pps genes), and surfactin (srf genes). In pot assays, inoculation of AD-3 (1.0 × 106 CFU·g−1 dry soil) into Fos-infected soil (1.0 × 105 bud-cells·g−1 dry soil) significantly reduced the severity of Fusarium wilt disease at 28 d after seedling. The percentage reductions in disease severity in two replicates were 64.3% and 44.3%, respectively. Thus, bacterial strain AD-3 could be applied to reduce Fusarium wilt in spinach.
Two Manifestations of Market Premium in the Capitalization of Carbon-Forest Estates
Authors: Kärenlampi Petri P.
Published: March 2022

The effect of capitalization premium in forest estate markets on forest management and climate change mitigation economics is investigated. It is shown that proportional goodwill in capitalization induces linear scaling of the financial return, without any contribution to sound management practices. However, there is a financial discontinuity as harvesting deteriorates goodwill. On the contrary, capitalization premium set on bare land as a tangible asset would increase timber storage and carbon sequestration. Observations indicate that the proportional goodwill is closer to reality within the Nordic Region, resulting in continuity problems but a reduced capital expense for carbon storage.
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEBERTAHANAN PERMUKIMAN NELAYAN DI DESA BANYUTOWO KABUPATEN PATI
Authors: Rahmawati Cinthya , Yudana Galing , Astuti Winny
Published: March 2022

Permukiman nelayan merupakan permukiman yang mayoritas penduduknya bermata pencaharian sebagai nelayan. Permukiman nelayan Desa Banyutowo berlokasi di Kabupaten Pati. Desa Banyutowo ditinjau sebagai kampung nelayan nasional dikarenakan memiliki sumber daya kelautan yang melimpah dan menjadi pemasok retribusi lelang terbesar di Kabupaten Pati. Akan tetapi, di permukiman nelayan Desa Banyutowo dihuni oleh golongan nelayan kecil, dimana merupakan nelayan dari golongan rendah. Berdasarkan potensi tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kebertahanan permukiman nelayan Desa Banyutowo Kabupaten Pati. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan, yaitu penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi lapangan, pembagian kuesioner, dan wawancara. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, bahwa kebertahanan permukiman nelayan Desa Banyutowo Kabupaten Pati memiliki kebertahanan yang dilihat dari sistem sosial masyarakat dengan adanya ikatan spiritual dan memberikan dampak positif bagi ekonomi serta lingkungan. Sedangkan, ketidakbertahanan dilihat dari adanya nelayan yang tidak memiliki pekerjaan sampingan, tidak adanya peran pemerintah dalam pemeliharaan layanan dasar, tidak adanya peraturan yang memayungi habitat pesisir, sarana kesehatan, pendidikan, pemerintahan, ruang terbuka hijau tidak melayani kebutuhan masyarakat, tempat penjemuran ikan tidak memadai, drainase menggenang, tidak ada layanan kebutuhan air bersih, serta lokasi bangunan rumah berada pada area rentan.
KUALITAS BUTIR SOAL UJIAN KONSTRUKSI DAN UTILITAS GEDUNG KELAS XI SMK KOMPETENSI KEAHLIAN DESAIN PERMODELAN DAN INFORMASI BANGUNAN
Authors: Wibawanto Hilmawan , Thamrin AG , Nurhidayati Aryanti
Published: March 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kualitas soal ujian konstruksi dan utilitas gedung kelas XI SMK Kompetensi Keahlian Desain Permodelan dan Informasi Bangunan. Kualitas butir soal ditentukan berdasarkan analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI DPIB di SMKN 2 Surakarta dan SMKN 5 Surakarta. Teknik Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode, dokumentasi, observasi, dan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa soal di SMKN 2 Surakarta dan SMKN 5 Surakarta berkualitas baik. Soal SMKN 2 Surakarta secara kualitatif sesuai dengan kaidah penulisan soal dengan rata-rata nilai kesesuaian sebesar 95,7%, secara kuantitatif soal juga berkualitas baik dari segi validitas, reliabilitas, daya beda, dan efektivitas pengecoh tetapi buruk dari segi tingkat kesukaran, persepsi siswa dengan nilai 76% juga menyatakan soal berkategori baik. Soal SMKN 5 Surakarta secara kualitatif sesuai dengan kaidah penulisan soal dengan rata-rata nilai sebesar 91,7%,
secara kuantitatif soal juga berkualitas baik dari segi validitas, reliabilitas, daya beda, dan tingkat kesukaran, tetapi buruk dari segi efektivitas pengecoh, persepsi siswa menyatakan soal sudah berkategori baik dengan nilai 72,3%.
TEKNIK PELAKSANAAN PEKERJAAN PILE CAP PADA PONDASI GEDUNG RUMAH SAKIT GRAND MITRA MEDIKA DI JALAN S.PARMAN MEDAN
Authors: Sinaga Jonathan Gopas , Sari Siallagan Nelly Arta , Suhairiani Suhairiani
Published: March 2022

ondasi adalah struktur yang digunakan untuk menumpu kolom dan dinding dan
memindahkan beban ke lapisan tanah. Diantara beberapa tipe pondasi beton bertulang yang
biasa digunakan adalah jenis pondasi dinding, pondasi kolom tunggal atau pondasi setempat,
pondasi gabungan, pondasi rakit atau mat atau terapung, pondasi strap, dan kepala tiang/Pile
Cap. Pile cap digunakan untuk mengikat tiang pancang yang sudah terpasang. Perencaaan
dimensi pile cap dapat berbeda-beda tergantung dari jumlah tiang yang tertanam. Fungsi dari
pile cap adalah untuk menerima beban dari kolom yang kemudian akan terus disebarkan ke
tiang pancang. Dalam pekerjaan pile cap harus diperhatikan mulai dari pekerjaan awal pile
cap seperti penggalian tanah hingga pile cap yang telah di cor sampai perawatannya. Beton
adalah campuran semen, agregat, air dan bahan tambah dengan takaran yang tepat dan
diciptakan dengan bahan-bahan pilihan, berkualitas dan lulus uji kelayakan untuk keperluan
pengecoran. Dalam hal ini, penulis melakukan penelitian terhadap teknik pelaksanaan
pekerjaan pile cap pada pondasi gedung rumah sakit Grand Mitra Medika di Jalan S. Parman
Medan.
DETERMINAN KESIAPAN KERJA SISWA KELAS XII DESAIN PEMODELAN DAN INFORMASI BANGUNAN SMK NEGERI 2 SUKOHARJO
Authors: Aryanti Nurhidayati Nida Nur Afifah, A. G. Tamrin,
Published: March 2022

Kesiapankerjaadalahketerampilan,pengetahuandansikapyangakan memungkinkanuntukmembantululusanbaruagardapatberkontribusisecara produktifditempatindividutersebutbekerja.Kesiapankerjadipengaruhioleh banyakfaktor,olehkarenaituperludiadakananalisisuntukmengetahuifaktor dominanyangmempengaruhikesiapankerjasiswa.Populasiyangdigunakan adalahkelasXII kompetensikeahlianDesainPemodelandanInformasiBangunan SMKNegeri2Sukoharjo.Sampelyangdigunakansebanyak52siswayang dihitungmenggunakanrumusSlovindengantarafkesalahan10%.Pengambilan sampel menggunakanteknikproportionalrandomsampling.Metodeyang digunakanadalahmetodekuantitatifdeskriptifdengananalisisdatadeskriptif persentase.Pengumpulandatadilakukandenganangketataukuesionerdan dokumentasidilapangan.Darianalisisdatadidapatkanhasilsebagaiberikut:(1) terdapat7faktoryangmenentukankesiapankerjasiswayaitufaktordasaratau bawaan,faktorkemampuan,faktorcitradiri,faktorakademis,faktorperilaku, faktorcita-citadanpotensidiri,danfaktorpendukungataueksternal;(2)faktor dominanataufaktoryangsangatmenentukankesiapankerjasiswaadalahfaktor dasarataubawaansebesar 83,9% danfaktor kemampuan sebesar 81,7%.
Analyzing the Effects of Test, Student, and School Predictors on Science Achievement: An Explanatory IRT Modeling Approach
Authors: BÜYÜKKIDIK Serap , BULUT Okan
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to investigate the impact of item features (i.e., content domain), student characteristics (i.e., gender), and school variables (i.e., school type) on students’ responses to a nationwide, large-scale assessment in Turkey. The sample consisted of 7507 students who participated in the 2016 administration of the Transition from Primary to Secondary Education Exam (TPSEE, referred to as “TEOG” in Turkey). Explanatory item response modeling was used for analyzing the effects of content domain, gender, school type, and their interactions on students’ responses to the science items on the exam. Five explanatory models were constructed to examine the effects of the item, student, and school variables sequentially. Results indicated that female students were more likely to answer the items correctly than male students. Also, students from private schools performed better than students from public schools. In terms of content, the biology items appeared to be significantly easier than the physics items. All interactions between the predictors were significant except for the Gender x School Type and Content x Gender x School Type interactions. The interactions between the predictors suggested that test developers, teachers, and stakeholders should be aware of potential item-level bias occurring in the science items due to complex interactions among the items, students, and schools characteristics.
The Annual Homeless Point-in-Time Count: Limitations and Two Different Solutions
Authors: Tsai Jack , Alarcón Jemma
Published: March 2022

The point-in-time (PIT) homeless count conducted annually in communities across the United States is a major metric reported to the federal government that has a number of limitations.

With the PIT count in 2021 being optional because of the COVID-19 pandemic and potential increases in homeless-related needs in the aftermath of the pandemic, there are opportunities for renewed efforts to improve how the United States enumerates homelessness, determines needs of communities, and tracks progress in ending homelessness throughout the nation. This article describes 2 divergent solutions: (1) improve the PIT by standardizing methodologies across jurisdictions and supplementing counts with other data sources or (2) replace the PIT with a new system.

There are strengths and limitations of both solutions. Advocates for either solution agree that there are important funding considerations to take into account and advancing technologies to utilize. As the nation continues to ramp up public health efforts, homelessness is a public health crisis that could benefit from improved epidemiological and data science methods. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(4):633–637. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306640 )
Air Pollution in American Indian Versus Non–American Indian Communities, 2000–2018
Authors: Li Maggie , Hilpert Markus , Goldsmith Jeff , Brooks Jada L. , Shearston Jenni A. , Chillrud Steven N. , Ali Tauqeer , Umans Jason G. , Best Lyle G. , Yracheta Joseph , van Donkelaar Aaron , Martin Randall V. , Navas-Acien Ana , Kioumourtzoglou Marianthi-Anna
Published: March 2022

Objectives. To compare fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations in American Indian (AI)-populated with those in non–AI-populated counties over time (2000–2018) in the contiguous United States.

Methods. We used a multicriteria approach to classify counties as AI- or non--AI-populated. We ran linear mixed effects models to estimate the difference in countywide annual PM2.5 concentrations from well-validated prediction models and monitoring sites (modeled and measured PM2.5, respectively) in AI- versus non–AI-populated counties.

Results. On average, adjusted modeled PM2.5 concentrations in AI-populated counties were 0.38 micrograms per cubic meter (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.23, 0.54) lower than in non–AI-populated counties. However, this difference was not constant over time: in 2000, modeled concentrations in AI-populated counties were 1.46 micrograms per cubic meter (95% CI = 1.25, 1.68) lower, and by 2018, they were 0.66 micrograms per cubic meter (95% CI = 0.45, 0.87) higher. Over the study period, adjusted modeled PM2.5 mean concentrations decreased by 2.13 micrograms per cubic meter in AI-populated counties versus 4.26 micrograms per cubic meter in non–AI-populated counties. Results were similar for measured PM2.5.

Conclusions. This study highlights disparities in PM2.5 trends between AI- and non–AI-populated counties over time, underscoring the need to strengthen air pollution regulations and prevention implementation in tribal territories and areas where AI populations live. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(4): 615–623. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306650 )
Subversion and Survival: Australian Children's Novels in Postmodernity
Authors: Kneale Peter
Published: March 2022

See article
Mapping QTLs for Spring Green-up, Plant Vigor and Plant Biomass in Two Lowland Switchgrass Populations
Authors: Chang Dan , Dong Hongxu , Bai Shiqie , Wu Yanqi
Published: March 2022

Switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.) is an important perennial cellulosic bioenergy species. Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling important developmental traits is valuable to understanding the genetic basis and breeding high-yielding cultivars. One F 1 hybrid population consisting of 176 individuals derived from NL94 (♀) × SL93 (♂), and one S 1 (first-generation selfed) population of 265 individuals from NL94, were used to study spring green-up, plant vigor and plant biomass in switchgrass. Both populations showed significant variations for genotype, and genotype by environment interactions for the three traits. Plant vigor had strong and positive correlations with plant biomass in both populations. Broad sense heritability estimates of plant vigor ranged from 0.46 to 0.74 and 0.45 to 0.74 in the hybrid and selfed population, respectively. Spring green-up had similar heritability estimates in these two populations (0.42-0.78 in hybrid population, 0.47-0.82 in selfed population). The heritability of plant biomass was above 0.5 (0.54-0.64 in hybrid population, 0.64-0.74 in selfed population). Fifteen and four QTLs were detected for spring green-up in the hybrid and selfed population, respectively. Six and four QTLs were detected for plant vigor in the hybrid and selfed population, respectively. Three QTLs in the hybrid population and one QTL in the selfed population were identified for plant biomass. This study provided new information in understanding the genetic control of biomass components and demonstrated substantial heterotic vigor that could be explored for breeding hybrid cultivars in switchgrass.
Fabrication of methylene blue loaded ovalbumin/polypyrrole nanoparticles for enhanced phototherapy-triggered antitumor immune activation
Authors: Xu Xiao , Mao Huafen , Wu Yunchao , Liu Suwan , Liu Jingjin , Li Qianzhe , Yang Mengyu , Zhu Jinqian , Zou Shengqiang , Du Fengyi
Published: March 2022

Background: Phototherapy-triggered immunogenic cell death (ICD) hardly elicit robust antitumor immune response partially due to low antigen exposure and inefficient antigen presentation. To address these issues, we developed a novel methylene blue loaded ovalbumin/ polypyrrole nanoparticles (MB@OVA/PPY NPs) via oxidative polymerization and π-π stacking reaction. Results: The as-prepared MB@OVA/PPY NPs with outstanding photothermal conversion efficiency (38%) and photodynamic property could be readily internalized into cytoplasm and accumulated in lysosome and mitochondria. Upon 808 nm and 660 nm laser irradiation, the MB@OVA/PPY NPs not only ablated the tumor cells by inducing local hyperthermia, but also damaged residual tumor cells by generating a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), finally triggered the release of large amount of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Moreover, the MB@OVA/PPY NPs synergized with DAMPs promoted the maturation and improved antigen presentation ability of DCs in virto and vivo. Conclusions: This work demonstrated that the MB@OVA/PPY NPs could be used as effective nanotherapeutic agents for eliminating the solid tumor and triggering powerful antitumor immune response.
Tissue Segmentation from Whole-Slide Images Using Lightweight Neural Networks
Authors: Frank Steven
Published: March 2022

· Purpose: pathology slides of malignancies are segmented using lightweight convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that may be deployed on mobile devices. · Approach: large whole-slide images are preprocessed to make CNN analysis tractable and also to exclude regions unlikely to be diagnostically relevant. In a training phase, labeled whole-slide histopathology images are first downsampled and decomposed into square tiles. Tiles corresponding to diseased regions are analyzed to determine boundary values of a visual criterion, image entropy. A lightweight CNN is then trained to distinguish tiles of diseased and non-diseased tissue, and if more than one disease type is present, to discriminate among these as well. A segmentation is generated by downsampling and tiling a candidate image, and retaining only those tiles with values of the visual criterion falling within the previously established extrema. The sifted tiles, which now exclude much of the non-diseased image content, are efficiently and accurately classified by the trained CNN. Tiles classified as diseased tissue -- or in the case of multiple possible subtypes, as the dominant subtype in the tile set -- are combined, either as a simple union or at a pixel level, to produce a segmentation mask or map. Results and conclusion: this approach was applied successfully to two very different datasets of large whole-slide images, one (PAIP2020) involving multiple subtypes of colorectal cancer and the other (CAMELYON16) single-type breast-cancer metastases. Scored using standard similarity metrics, the segmentations exhibited notably high recall, even when tiles were large relative to tumor features, and outperformed more complex models typifying the state of the art.
Parametric Analysis of Dufour and Soret effects in ionicliquid flow between parallel concentric cylinders
Authors: Ullah Hidayat , Shah Rehan Ali , Khan Muhammad Sohail , Mei Sun
Published: March 2022

The main objective of the present research paper is to investigate effects of the Dufour and Soret parameteron heat and mass transfer of ionic liquid flow through nano-channel between two parallel concentric cylinders.The physical phenomenon is mathematically converted to a system of non-linear partial differential equationsby employing the basic governing equations, describing ionic liquid flow, momentum, ions concentration distribution, heat and mass transfer. Then the nonlinear PDE’s system is transformed to a system of coupleddifferential equations by utilizing suitable transformations. Solution of the system is carried out by parametriccontinuation method. Results of horizontal and vertical components of velocity of liquid for different physicalparameter are analyzed graphically. Effects of Dufour and Soret numbers on heat and mass transfer are keenlyinvestigated through graphs. In addition, the local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are tabulated for numberof values of different physical parameters of interest.
Factors may affect the outcome of acute mesenteric ischemia: A single center study
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhang Qian , Zhao Hongwei , Ma Tianyi , Li Yuanxin
Published: March 2022

Background: Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a rare but lethal disease. Reducing the incidence of intestinal necrosis and complications is a major challenge. This study aimed to investigate the factors that might affect the outcome of AMI.Methods: AMI cases admitted to Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital from May 2016 to April 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. All cases were divided into groups according to whether intestinal necrosis and complications occurred successively. The demographics, symptoms, signs, laboratory results, computed tomography angiography (CTA) features, management and outcomes were analyzed.Results: 66 patients were enrolled in this study. 27 patients had superior mesenteric artery embolism (EAMI), 17 patients had superior mesenteric artery thrombosis (TAMI), and 22 patients had superior mesenteric vein thrombosis (VAMI). 32 patients with intestinal necrosis were divided into the intestinal necrosis group and the other 34 patients were divided into the normal group. The ratio of peritonitis, decreased intestinal wall enhancement, intestinal wall thickening, ascites, and complications within 6 months post operation differed significantly in the univariate analysis. White blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), percentage of neutrophils (N%), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and intraoperative blood loss also differed significantly in the univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that peritonitis (OR=14.245, 95% CI=3.192-63.568, P<0.01) and ascites (OR=10.927, 95% CI=2.532-47.147, P<0.01) were independent risk factors associated with intestinal necrosis. 27 patients with complications were divided into the complication group and 41 patients were divided into the normal group. The ratio of intestinal necrosis, duration from onset to diagnosis categories, comorbidities, peritonitis, ascites, and open surgery differed significantly in the univariate analysis. Duration from onset to diagnosis, NLR, cardiac troponin I (CTNI), lactate (LAC), PH, intraoperative blood loss, and hospital stay also differed significantly in the univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that duration from onset to diagnosis categories, especially within 24 hours vs. others (OR=0.053, 95% CI=0.003-0.921, P=0.04), and intestinal necrosis (OR=131.747, 95% CI=8.680-1999.717, P<0.01) were independent risk factors associated with complications.Conclusions: Peritonitis and ascites predict poor outcomes in AMI cases. Early diagnosis could not improve the intestinal necrosis rate but might decrease the ratio of complications for AMI patients.
Removing Soft Contact Lenses 1 day vs. 1 month before Microkeratome Laser In Situ Keratomileusis Procedure: Functional Outcomes And Results
Authors: Khattar Georges , Fadlallah Ali , Haber Charbel , Khanafer Dana
Published: March 2022

Purpose To compare the outcomes, safety, efficacy, and predictability of microkeratome laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) 24 hours and one month or more after removing soft contact lenses.Setting: ULTRALASIK Eye Center, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.Methods The patients were divided based on the time of discontinuation of the soft contact lenses before LASIK (Group 1 at 24 hours and Group 2 at one month or longer), and the two groups were well matched. Schirmer's testing, corrected distance visual acuity, uncorrected distance visual acuity, manifest refraction spherical equivalent, and infection rate were evaluated preoperatively and at one week, one month, and six months after treatment. Results Group 1 (G1) comprised 1025 eyes, and group 2 (G2) had 1052 eyes. The groups were comparable preoperatively. The overall-mentioned outcomes were comparable between groups with uncorrected distance visual acuity of -0.084+/-0.12 logMAR in G1 and -0.078+/-0.17 logMAR in the G2 at 6 months (P=0.322). Schirmer's testing results were also comparable with no evidence of increased risk of dry eyes or non-inflammatory complications in any of the groups on follow-up visits at 1 week (P=0.421), 1 month (P=0.101), and 6 months (P=0.399) postoperatively. Finally, no infectious complications were recorded in either of the groups.Conclusion With the absence of corneal warpage, no statistical or clinical difference in microkeratome LASIK outcomes and safety was spotted between the groups despite the difference in SCL discontinuation time before the procedure.
Evaluation of Left Ventricular Function in Obese Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea by Three-dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography
Authors: Zhao Jingwen , Li Weihong , Wang Jianli , Hu Zixuan , Huang Yongwei , Zhang Yongzhen , Zhang Liqiang
Published: March 2022

Purpose
Both obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)and obesity can cause myocardial remodeling and cardiac insufficiency via corresponding pathophysiological pathways. Therefore, it is speculated that the superposition of OSA and obesity may cause more severe impairment of cardiac function. The objective of our study was to evaluate the early changes of left ventricular systolic function in obese patients with OSA with three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography(3D-STE).
Methods
This study was conducted with33 obese OSA, 46 non-obese OSA, and 20 healthy subjects. Demographic, biochemical, and Polysomnography(PSG) data were collected, and their relation with the left ventricular strain was measured and analyzed with 3D-STE.
Results
The Left ventricular strain was significantly worse in the OSA group compared to the control group(P < 0.05). The global longitudinal strain(GLS) was significantly worse in the OSA obese group compared to non-obese OSA group (P < 0.05). The GLS value positively correlated with body mass index(BMI) (r = 0.406, P < 0.001),Apnea-hypopnea index(AHI)(r = 0.610, P < 0.001)and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOME-IR) (r = 0.431, P < 0.001) in patients with OSA. Multiple linear regression analysis showed BMI as a predictor of GLS and global circumferential strain(GCS), AHI as a predictor of GLS, and HOME-IR as a predictor of global area strain(GAS) and global radial strain(GRS).
Conclusion
In OSA patients, the myocardial strain was impaired before the damages in left ventricular ejection fraction, suggesting that the left ventricular systolic function is damaged early. The coexistence of obesity and OSA can lead to severe impairment of cardiac function through hypoxia and insulin resistance.
A Network Pharmacological analysis of Baishao in clinical treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Fu Hongtao , Ying He , Li Yuming
Published: March 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Cascade of care, awareness and treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B in Malaysia- findings from a community-based screening campaign
Authors: Lim Zhuo-zhi , Lim Teck Onn , Teo Jau shya , Tan Ah Choon
Published: March 2022

Introduction In 2016 the World Health Organization (WHO) had adopted a global strategy to eliminate Hepatitis B (HBV) by 2030 through five core interventions. One of which is the “cascade of care”, the continuum of services that persons with chronic HBV should receive as they progress from screening to diagnosis to treatment to chronic care. We determined the prevalence of the awareness and treatment of chronic HBV in Malaysia based on a large sample data from a screening campaign.Methods A total of 10,436 subjects participated in the HBV screening campaign organized by the Hepatitis Free Pahang Malaysia (HFPM) in 2018 and 2019. All screen-positive subjects were recalled to undergo laboratory-based HBsAg and HBV DNA tests. Patients with confirmed chronic HBV were referred to local health services, while continued being monitored by HFPM. ResultsWe estimated 13.1% of Malaysian adults aged 20 or older with chronic HBV were aware of their HBV status, and of those only 0.7% had received prior anti-viral treatment, but among those with baseline HBV DNA level>20,000 IU/ml, 15.6% were subsequently treated. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate was the only medicine used on all treated patients. ConclusionFew Malaysian adults with HBV were aware of their infection and even less received anti-viral therapy. Concerted public health efforts are urgently needed to improve HBV screening and care cascade in order to meet WHO’s targets for HBV elimination.
Impact of PESTLE Constraints on the Development of Small-scale Biogas Technology in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ketuama Chama Theodore , Mazancová Jana , Roubík Hynek
Published: March 2022

The sustainable production and use of small-scale biogas energy is needed to ensure clean household energy access in developing countries including the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region. This is influenced by market risks which can be identified as political, economic, social, technical, legal and environmental (PESTLE). This study examines peer-reviewed and grey literature for the period from 2000 to 2020 to identify the PESTLE constraints and assess their impact on the sustainable deployment of the technology in the SSA region. The production of biogas with small-scale plants is commonly by rural and peri-urban households. Results show that economic constraints are the most dominant and reducing at a slow pace. This is followed by political constraints which have received much attention in the last two decades. Despite the provided policy improvements, national bioenergy policies and interventions are still to make significant gains, especially in the Central African region. In order of significance, the Southern, East and West Africa regions have made comparably larger progress in reducing the constraints. However, to achieve sustainable development of the technology, there is need to further address the PESTLE constraints at national and regional level. This study partly deduces that the unsustainable production, use and inadequate regulation of the small-scale biogas sector is delaying its transition in the SSA region.
GREM1/PPP2R3A expression in heterogeneous fibroblasts initiates pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Shi Xiaoni , Yang Shaoqi , Luo Wei , Wang Sha , Huang Jie , Chen Mengling , Wang Jing , Cheng Yusi , Zhang Xinxin , Chao Jie
Published: March 2022

Background: Fibroblasts have important roles in the synthesis and remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins during pulmonary fibrosis. However, the spatiotemporal distribution of heterogeneous fibroblasts during disease progression remains unknown.Results: In the current study, silica was used to generate a mouse model of pathological changes in the lung, and single-cell sequencing, spatial transcriptome sequencing and an analysis of markers of cell subtypes were performed to identify fibroblast subtypes. A group of heterogeneous fibroblasts that played an important role in the early pathological stage were identified, characterized by the expression of inflammatory and proliferation genes (termed infla-pro fibroblasts) and concentrated in the lesion area. GREM1/protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B''alpha (PPP2R3A) expression in infla-pro fibroblasts was found to initiate early pulmonary pathological changes by increasing cell viability, proliferation and migration.Conclusions: Infla-pro fibroblasts play a key role in the early pathological changes of silicosis, in which GREM1 is the driving factor that targets PPP2R3A and initiates the inflammatory response, followed by irreversible fibrosis induced by SiO2. The GREM1/PPP2R3A pathway may be a potential target for the early treatment of silicosis.
Higher levels of nonylphenol were found in human urine and drinking water from rural areas than metropolitan regions of Wuhan, China despite less aquatic contamination
Authors: Xu Chunyan , Ling Haibo , Fan Chuangang , Xiang Luojing , Zhang Shu , Li Weiwei , Yi Chuan
Published: March 2022

The suspected endocrine disruptor nonylphenol (NP) is closely associated with anthropogenic activities; therefore, studies on this compound have been clustered in urban areas. This study investigated the NP concentrations in drinking water sources (n = 8), terminal tap water (n = 36), and human urine samples (n = 127) collected from urban and rural areas in Wuhan, China. The mean concentrations of NP measured in drinking water sources in urban and rural areas were 92.3 ± 7.5 and 11.0 ± 0.8 ng/L (mean ± SD), respectively, whereas the mean levels in urban and rural tap waters were 5.0 ± 0.7 and 44.2 ± 2.6 ng/L (mean ± SD), respectively. Nevertheless, NP was detected in 74.1% and 75.4% of the human urine samples from urban and rural participants, with geometric mean concentrations of 0.19 ng/ml (0.26 µg/g creat) and 0.27 ng/ml (0.46 µg/g creat), respectively. Although the NP concentrations measured in the drinking water sources of urban areas were significantly higher than those in rural areas (P < 0.05), the tap water and urine NP concentrations measured in urban areas were unexpectedly lower than those of rural areas (P < 0.05). Additionally, this investigation showed that the materials comprising household water supply pipelines and drinking water treatment processes in the two areas were also different. Our results indicated that the levels of exposure to NP in drinking water and human urine in rural areas were not necessarily lower than those in urban areas. Thus, particular attention should be paid to rural areas in future studies of NP.
Characterization of sub-cycle Electromagnetic pulse
by long-life traces of wavefronts sampled in attosecond-level step
Authors: lin hai , Liu P
Published: March 2022

Current methods of characterizing electromagnetic(EM)-pulse can be divided into two classes,one is based on photons replica of the EM-pulse under test and the other on electrons replica. Methods in first class, such as interferometry and spectrography, are difficult to be competent for characterization of EM-pulse with attosecond(AS)-level duration due to too short duration or too broad bandwidth. Methods in second class, such as streak camera method, is competent but
demands the pulse to have a peak strength high enough for efficiently producing X-ray photons. We propose a simple, universal method without special demand on the peak strength. It uses conventional optics method to sample, in AS-level step, wavefronts of the EM-pulse under test. Phase information carried by each sampled wavefront is fixed into, as a long-life trace, solid-state circuit and hence allow recording raw measurement data to be conducted over a feasible longer time scale.
Bayesian updating of seismic fragility curves through experimental tests
Authors: Tekeste Gidewon Goitom , Correia António A. , Costa Aníbal G.
Published: March 2022

Fragility curves, commonly derived using analytical methods, are important ingredients of seismic risk analysis of structures in the framework of performance-based earthquake engineering. Hence, the accurate estimation of realistic fragility functions is a decisive step in a reliable risk assessment. This paper proposes a Bayesian updating procedure applied to analytical fragility curves of reinforced concrete (RC) structures based on data from experimental tests, namely shaking table tests. The latter are commonly performed by progressively increasing the intensity of the input motion applied to the same test specimen. In this regard, the maximal benefit from the output of a shaking table test is sought here, aiming to convert n sequential stages of a shaking table test of a single virgin specimen into n equivalent shaking table tests that are performed on n virgin specimens. This is performed by modifying the intensity of the input motion applied during the stage-wise testing based on a damage index coefficient. The parametric studies performed to validate this objective reveal that the approach is more suitable for simple structures compared to large or complex structures. The ATC-58 and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approaches for Bayesian updating of fragility curves are also closely examined and compared. The proposed Bayesian updating is applied to a RC structure, where fragility curves that are derived from incremental dynamic analysis are updated using shaking table results. The updating is examined considering three damage state models, namely HAZUS, homogenized RC and strain-based damages states. This work also highlights the pitfalls of using a limited sample of experimental test data for updating less reliable priors. Besides, the MCMC-based approach is shown to be more robust in the presence of complex analytical fragilities than the ATC-58 approach.
A rare case of hydatid cyst of the neck with concurrent pulmonary hydatid disease
Authors: Tiwari Pawan , Shukla Amarendra Kumar , Peter Amrutha , Arya Veerendra , Dwivedi Vineet , Gupta Manish Kumar , Rai Nimish , Bhargava Jitendra K
Published: March 2022

Echinococcosis, commonly known as hydatid disease, is a zoonotic infection caused by dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. Hydatid disease of the head and neck region is scarcely reported even in endemic areas. We herein report a case with with neck swelling and respiratory symptoms subsequently diagnosed to have disseminated echinococcosis of the neck and left lung.
Berberine ameliorate mesenteric vascular dysfunction by perivascular adipose tissue on diet-induced obesity rats
Authors: Wang Man , Geng Xufang , Li Kaipeng , Wang Yawen , Duan Xiaofeng , Hou Congcong , Zhao Lili , Zhou Huimin , Zhao Ding
Published: March 2022

Background
Berberine has been found to have anti-obesity effects, and obesity can lead to adipose tissue degeneration. As a special adipose tissue, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is closely related to vascular function. What happens to PVAT in diet-induced obesity and how it affects vascular function are the focus of our experimental study.
Methods
Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with high fat diet (fat 34% kcal) for 4 weeks, simulated early obesity model. Obesity rats were treated with BBR (200 mg/kg) or metformin (100 mg/kg) by gavage for 2 weeks. The mesenteric arterioles were studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), the Force vs time curves were observed and analyzed to indicate vascular function. Nitric oxide (NO) and noradrenaline (NA) released were quantified using organ bath with fluorescence assays and ELISA, respectively. Using network pharmacology to analyze the overlapping targets related of BBR and obesity-related diseases, and further analyzes the expression of NOS in mesenteric perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) with immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. The serum inflammatory factors levels were tested.
Results
BBR could significantly reduce the levels of blood glucose, blood lipid and inflammatory factors in serum, and effectively improved the abnormal mesenteric vasoconstriction and relaxation in obesity rats. There was no significant change in mesenteric vascular structure in obesity rats, but collagen fibers in mesenteric tissue were increased, and NO production and eNOS expression in mesenteric PVAT were increase, NA was decrease. All these changes in obesity rats on mesenteric tissue and PVAT were reversed by treated with BBR and metformin.
Conclusions
In diet-induced obesity rats, the function of vasoconstriction and relaxation in mesenteric arterioles are altered, NO is increased but NA is decreased in mesenteric PVAT. All these changes are reversed by BBR, suggesting a novel effects of BBR ameliorate mesenteric vascular dysfunction through regulating the PVAT, which may closely relate with anti-inflammatory and against oxidative stress effects.
Child-related factors associated with depressive symptoms among mothers in urban Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sultana Sharmin , Muhammad Faisal , Chowdhury ABM Alauddin , Mistry Sabuj Kanti
Published: March 2022

Background:International evidence suggest that several child-related health outcomes and mother-children bondingare associated with depression among mothers. However, no studies documented this among Bangladeshi mothers. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the child-related factors associated with depression among mothers in urban Bangladesh.Methods:This cross-sectional studywas conducted among mothers of school-going children from Dhaka City of Bangladesh duringJune andDecember 2019. A multistage sampling technique was adopted and atotal of 324 mothers of school-going children (class V-VIII) from 12 schools of Dhaka City Corporation was selected. The inclusion criteria includedthe mothers of the children studying in the same school for at least six months. Depression was measured using a 20-item Self-Rating Depression Scale weighted to 100 percent, with 25-49 categorized as no depression and 50-59 as having depression.A binary logistic regression model was executedto identify the child-related factors associated with depression among mothers.Results:More than half of the participants (54.3%) were aged ≥40 yearsandhad up to HSC level education (52.5%).Most of them were homemakers (67.0%)and mothers of a girl child(53.1%). In addition, 82.1% of the participants lived in a nuclear family, and 52.8% of the participantshad a family income of ≥50,000 BDT. Adjusted analyses revealedthat mother’s depression was associated with child’s frequent complaint of headaches or stomachaches(aOR=13.19, 95% CI 3.03-57.37), having an injury (aOR=4.05, 95% CI 1.44-11.41), and unfriendly relationship with mothers(aOR=21.46, 95% CI 5.04-91.28).Conclusion:Findings of the present study identified severalchild-related factors such as sickness, injury, and unfriendly relationships with mothers are associated with depression among mothers of school-going children.Policymakers and public health practitioners should address the child-related factors linked to mother's depression as part of the management of overall depression among mothers in urban Bangladesh.