bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation between measured and predicted mismatch with valve hemodynamics in transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A sex‐based analysis
Authors: Natalis Alexandre , Masson Jean‐Bernard , Mansour Mohamad J. , Asmar Mike Al , Potvin Jeannot , Gobeil Jean‐François , Riahi Mounir , Noiseux Nicolas , Stevens Louis‐Mathieu , Forcillo Jessica
Published: July 2023

Background

Data regarding the reliability of predicted effective orifice area indexed (pEOAi) is scarce in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Aims

To assess the validity of the pEOAi in TAVR by correlating its value with echocardiography‐derived hemodynamic data.

Methods

A single‐center retrospective cohort study of TAVR patients from 2012 to 2021 with available echocardiograms was conducted. Patient‐prosthesis mismatch (PPM) was defined based on the Valve Academic Research Consortium 3 criteria. The main endpoints were the congruence of measured effective orifice area indexed (EOAi) and pEOAi with the hemodynamic data obtained by echocardiography. The secondary endpoint included a correlation of predicted PPM (pPPM) and measured PPM (mPPM) with postoperative New York Heart Association (NYHA) status.

Results

A total of 318 patients were included. pPPM was more frequent than mPPM (54 [17%]; all moderate PPM vs. 39 [12.3%]: 32 moderate and 7 severe PPM). Predicted and measured EOAi were statistically correlated with postprocedural transvalvular mean gradient and Doppler velocity index (all p < 0.001), including in both sex‐based subgroups. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value (NPV) of pPPM for postprocedural transvalvular mean gradient ≥ 20 mmHg were 16% and 97%, respectively. Only pPPM was significantly more prevalent in the group in which NYHA failed to improve than in those with symptom improvement (30.1% vs. 16%, p = 0.027).

Conclusion

Predicted PPM has an excellent NPV for postprocedural transvalvular mean gradient ≥ 20 mmHg and seems to be a good predictor of NYHA status evolution as opposed to measured PPM. Predicted EOAi can be used in procedural planning to reduce the risk of PPM in both TAVR male and female patients.
Strong Activity Changes Observable during the First Pretreatment Cycles of Trimetallic PtNiMo/C Catalysts
Authors: Danisman Bilal , Zhang Gui‐Rong , Baumunk Adrian F. , Yang Juntao , Brummel Olaf , Darge Philipp , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Libuda Jörg , Ledendecker Marc , Etzold Bastian J. M.
Published: July 2023

Pt‐based alloy catalysts supported on carbon are commonly characterized for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity using the rotating disk electrode technique (RDE). Within this study, we show exemplarily for PtNiMo/C catalysts that the applied pretreatment influences strongly the determined activity. The classically employed descriptor of unchanged cyclic voltammetry response is insufficient to portrait completed surface restructuring, and gives an incorrect impression that stable activity can be determined. This might be one of the reasons for the strongly deviating activities reported in literature. Following the changes in activity during pretreatment also with in‐situ FTIR and online dissolution measurements gives insights to an up to now largely overseen high activity of the trimetallic catalysts. A maximum activity of 0.57 mA cmPt−2 at 0.95 VRHE is reached quickly during the first six cycles and decreases slowly subsequently. The maximum activity and change of activity over the cycle number is affected by the scan rate and electrolyte refreshing, while the gas atmosphere plays only a minor role. This exemplary study might be important for Pt alloy catalysts in general.
Geopolymer Based Electrodes as New Class of Material for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Schuster Jürgen , Ukrainczyk Neven , Koenders Eddie , Stöckl Markus
Published: July 2023

To achieve a successful transition to a sustainable carbon and energy management, it is essential to both reduce CO2 emissions and develop new technologies that utilize CO2 as a starting substrate. In this study, we demonstrate for the first‐time the functionalization of geopolymer binder (GP) with Sn for electrochemical CO2 reduction (eCO2RR) to formate. By substituting cement with Sn‐GP, we have merged CO2 utilisation and emission reduction. Using a simple mixing procedure, we were able to obtain a pourable mortar containing 5 vol. % Sn‐powder. After hardening, the Sn‐GP electrodes were characterized for their mechanical and CO2 electrolysis performance. In 10 h electrolyses, formate concentrations were as high as 22.7±0.9 mmol L−1 with a corresponding current efficiency of 14.0±0.5 % at a current density of 20 mA cm−2. Our study demonstrates the successful design of GP‐electrodes as a new class of hybrid materials that connect eCO2RR and construction materials.
The Structure of Maneb, An Important Manganese‐Containing Bis(dithiocarbamate) Fungicide
Authors: Kubens Laura , Truong Khai‐Nghi , Lehmann Christian W. , Lützenkirchen‐Hecht Dirk , Bornhorst Julia , Mohr Fabian
Published: July 2023

Maneb is a manganese(II)‐containing fungicide with a multi‐site effect and no resistance, therefore it is widely applied in many parts of the world. There is, however, mounting evidence for neurotoxic effects with Parkinson‐like symptoms (manganism) related to usage of Maneb. Due to its insolubility in most solvents and its paramagnetism, structural elucidation is not trivial, and thus its exact molecular structure remains unknown. We report herein a synthesis procedure to prepare Maneb reproducibly in pure form and the use of various analytical techniques including X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and electron diffraction to determine the molecular structure of Maneb in the solid state and also in solution.
Racial disparities in women with ST elevation myocardial infarction: A National Inpatient Sample review of baseline characteristics, co‐morbidities, and outcomes in women with STEMI
Authors: Senthil Kumaran Sriviji , Del Cid Fratti Juan , Desai Anjali , Garg Rimmy , Requeña‐Armas Carlos , Barzallo Pablo , Henien Mena , Ahmad Mansoor , Mungee Sudhir , Mukhopadhyay Ekanka , Kizhakekuttu Tinoy
Published: July 2023

Background

A third of the patients admitted with Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Previous studies showed that females with STEMI have higher mortality than men.

Hypothesis

There exist significant disparities in outcomes among women of different races presenting with STEMI.

Methods

National inpatient sample (NIS) data was obtained from January 2016 to December 2018 for the hospitalization of female patients with STEMI. We compared outcomes, using an extensive multivariate regression analysis amongst women from different races. Our primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were revascularization use, procedure complications, and healthcare utilization.

Results

Of 202 223 female patients with STEMI; 11.3% were African American, 7.4% Hispanic, 2.4% Asian, and 4.3% another race. In‐hospital mortality was higher in non‐Caucasian groups. African American (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.30; p < .01) and another race (aOR 1.37; 95% CI: 1.15–1.63; p < .01) had higher odds of mortality when compared with white women. African American (aOR 0.69; 95% CI: 0.62–0.72; p < .01), Hispanics (aOR 0.81; 95% CI: 0.74–0.88; p < .01), and Asian (aOR 0.79; 95% CI: 0.69–0.90; p < .01) had lower odds of percutaneous intervention (PCI) when compared with whites. African Americans had fewer odds of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) and use of Mechanical Circulatory Support (MCS) during the index admission. Non‐Caucasians had more comorbidities, complications, and healthcare utilization costs.

Conclusion

There are significant racial disparities in clinical outcomes and revascularization in female patients with STEMI. African American women have a higher likelihood of mortality among the different races. Females from minority groups are also less likely to undergo PCI.
Genetic differences according to onset age and lung function in asthma: A cluster analysis
Authors: Kim Han‐Kyul , Kang Ji‐One , Lim Ji Eun , Ha Tae‐Woong , Jung Hae Un , Lee Won Jun , Kim Dong Jun , Baek Eun Ju , Adcock Ian M. , Chung Kian Fan , Kim Tae‐Bum , Oh Bermseok
Published: July 2023

Background

The extent of differences between genetic risks associated with various asthma subtypes is still unknown. To better understand the heterogeneity of asthma, we employed an unsupervised method to identify genetic variants specifically associated with asthma subtypes. Our goal was to gain insight into the genetic basis of asthma.

Methods

In this study, we utilized the UK Biobank dataset to select asthma patients (All asthma, n = 50,517) and controls (n = 283,410). We excluded 14,431 individuals who had no information on predicted values of forced expiratory volume in one second percent (FEV1%) and onset age, resulting in a final total of 36,086 asthma cases. We conducted k‐means clustering based on asthma onset age and predicted FEV1% using these samples (n = 36,086). Cluster‐specific genome‐wide association studies were then performed, and heritability was estimated via linkage disequilibrium score regression. To further investigate the pathophysiology, we conducted eQTL analysis with GTEx and gene‐set enrichment analysis with FUMA.

Results

Clustering resulted in four distinct clusters: early onset asthmanormalLF (early onset with normal lung function, n = 8172), early onset asthmareducedLF (early onset with reduced lung function, n = 8925), late‐onset asthmanormalLF (late‐onset with normal lung function, n = 12,481), and late‐onset asthmareducedLF (late‐onset with reduced lung function, n = 6508). Our GWASs in four clusters and in All asthma sample identified 5 novel loci, 14 novel signals, and 51 cluster‐specific signals. Among clusters, early onset asthmanormalLF and late‐onset asthmareducedLF were the least correlated (rg = 0.37). Early onset asthmareducedLF showed the highest heritability explained by common variants (h2 = 0.212) and was associated with the largest number of variants (71 single nucleotide polymorphisms). Further, the pathway analysis conducted through eQTL and gene‐set enrichment analysis showed that the worsening of symptoms in early onset asthma correlated with lymphocyte activation, pathogen recognition, cytokine receptor activation, and lymphocyte differentiation.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that early onset asthmareducedLF was the most genetically predisposed cluster, and that asthma clusters with reduced lung function were genetically distinct from clusters with normal lung function. Our study revealed the genetic variation between clusters that were segmented based on onset age and lung function, providing an important clue for the genetic mechanism of asthma heterogeneity.
The Modification and Applications of Nanopipettes in Electrochemical Analysis
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Yuan , Lv Jian , Wu Xue , Hong Qin , Qian Ruo‐Can
Published: July 2023

Nanopipette, which is fabricated by glasses and possesses a nanoscale pore in the tip, has been proven to be immensely useful in electrochemical analysis. Numerous nanopipette‐based sensors have emerged with improved sensitivity, selectivity, ease of use, and miniaturization. In this minireview, we provide an overview of the recent developments of nanopipette‐based electrochemical sensors based on different types of nanopipettes, including single‐nanopipettes, self‐referenced nanopipettes, dual‐nanopipettes, and double‐barrel nanopipettes. Several important modification materials for nanopipette functionalization are highlighted, such as conductive materials, macromolecular materials, and functional molecules. These materials can improve the sensing performance and targeting specificities of nanopipettes. We also discuss examples of related applications and the future development of nanopipette‐based strategies.
Impact of enzymatic digestion on single cell suspension yield from peripheral human lung tissue
Authors: Bondonese Anna , Craig Andrew , Fan Li , Valenzi Eleanor , Bain William , Lafyatis Robert , Sembrat John , Chen Kong , Snyder Mark E.
Published: July 2023

An increasing number of translational investigations of lung biology rely on analyzing single cell suspensions obtained from human lungs. To obtain these single cell suspensions, human lungs from biopsies or research‐consented organ donors must be subjected to mechanical and enzymatic digestion prior to analysis with either flow cytometry or single cell RNA sequencing. A variety of enzymes have been used to perform tissue digestion, each with potential limitations. To better understand the limitations of each enzymatic digestion protocol and to establish a framework for comparing studies across protocols, we performed five commonly published protocols in parallel from identical samples obtained from 6 human lungs. Following mechanical (gentleMACS™) and enzymatic digestion, we quantified cell count and viability using a Nexcelom Cellometer and determined cell phenotype using multiparameter spectral flow cytometry (Cytek™ Aurora). We found that all protocols were superior in cellular yield and viability when compared to mechanical digestion alone. Protocols high in dispase cleaved immune markers CD4, CD8, CD69, and CD103 and contributed to an increased monocyte to macrophage yield. Similarly, dispase led to a differential epithelial cell yield, with increased TSPN8+ and ITGA6+ epithelial cells and reduced CD66e+ cells. When compared to collagenase D, collagenase P protocols yielded increased AT1 and AT2 cells and decreased endothelial cells. These results provide a framework for selecting an enzymatic digestion protocol best suited to the scientific question and allow for comparison of studies using different protocols.
Resolving the mechanisms underlying epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition of the lateral plate mesoderm
Authors: Newton Axel H. , Smith Craig A.
Published: July 2023

Formation of the vertebrate limb buds begins with a localized epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the somatic lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). While the processes that drive proliferation and outgrowth of the limb mesenchyme are well established, the fundamental mechanisms that precede this process and initiate EMT are less understood. In this review, we outline putative drivers of EMT of the LPM, drawing from analyses across a range of vertebrates and developmental models. We detail the expression patterns of key EMT transcriptional regulators in the somatic LPM of the presumptive limb fields, and their potential role in producing a mesenchymal cell fate. These include a putative cooperative role between the EMT inducers PRRX1 and TWIST1, supported by evidence in zebrafish and chicken models but unconfirmed data from mice. As such, additional functional data are required to definitively determine the mechanisms that initiate and drive EMT of the somatic LPM, a critical transition preceding formation of the limb bud mesenchyme.
Applications of Carbon‐Based Materials for Improving the Performance and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Patel Krina , Prochowicz Daniel , Akin Seckin , Kalam Abul , Tavakoli Mohammad Mahdi , Yadav Pankaj
Published: July 2023

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) attract many researchers in the field of photovoltaic because of their high‐power conversion efficiency and low‐cost manufacturing. However, improper interfacial charge transfer, perovskite degradation, and poor stability are major concerns for their commercialization and scale‐up. Significant efforts have been made in recent years mainly by employing different strategies such as optimizing fabrication, developing novel materials, use of additives, and an interfacial layer in PSCs. Nowadays, carbon materials are widely recognized as promising candidates for alternative usage in PSCs because of their cost effectiveness, high conductivity, appropriate work function (5.0 eV), and low‐temperature sintering process. In addition, the highly hydrophobic nature of the carbon‐based materials prevents moisture penetration into the perovskite layer, resulting in enhanced stability. This review shows how effectively carbon‐based materials can improve the performance of PSCs. First, the different carbon materials such as graphene and its derivatives, fullerenes and its derivatives, carbon quantum dots, and carbon nanotubes are described. Subsequently, the role of these carbon‐based materials employed in electron‐transport layers, hole‐transport layers, and perovskite layers in PSCs is discussed. Thus, this review highlights the recent advancements made in carbon‐based PSCs and their role in improving the performance of PSCs.
Human placenta‐derived mesenchymal stem cell administration protects against acute lung injury in a mouse model
Authors: Fang Junbiao , Wei Hanwei , Wang Hongfa , Wang Junkai , Liu Huizi , Chen Yue , Chen Long , Lu Ling , Zhang Qiang , Pan Ruolang , Cui Enhai , Luo Xiaopan
Published: July 2023

This study aims to investigate the effect of placenta‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) administration on tissue repair following acute lung injury (ALI). PMSCs were transplanted intravenously to a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide‐induced ALI. The therapeutic effects were determined by evaluating several indicators, including pathology; the wet/dry ratio of the lungs; blood gas analysis; the total protein content, cell numbers, and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF); and the levels of anti‐inflammatory and proinflammatory cytokines in serum and BALF. To investigate the underlying mechanism, PMSC‐derived exosomes were used for ALI treatment. Administration of PMSCs improved the degree of lung injury, reduced inflammation, increased the expression levels of anti‐inflammatory cytokines, and protected lung function. As expected, the effects of PMSC‐derived exosomes in the ALI model were similar to those of PMSCs, both in terms of improved lung function and reduced inflammation. These findings suggest that PMSCs have ameliorating effects on ALI that are potentially mediated via their secreted exosomes.
Perovskite solar cell fabrication via scalable thermal‐assisted and meniscus‐guided bar‐coating method in open air
Authors: Adugna Gizachew Belay , Tao Yu‐Tai
Published: July 2023

Background

Perovskite‐based solar cell is getting great attention as a promising candidate for future solar cell technology, since high power conversion efficiency above 25.5% have been demonstrated for small scale PSCs from films prepared mainly by spin‐coating method, which is not feasible for large area film preparation. Scalable and cost‐effective film fabrication techniques are urgently needed for the commercialization of perovskite solar cells.

Objective

To develop a process from which large‐area, high quality and unifoem perovskite films, as well as the hole‐transporting layer films, can be prepared in a simple and cheap way for the practical application and mass production of perovskite solar cells.

Methods

Large‐area electron‐transporting layer layers of mp‐TiO2 and c‐TiO2 were prepared on the FTO substrate by the solution‐shearing method. Then the 10 × 10 cm2 perovskite film was prepared by using a bar‐coater from perovskite precursor solution in ACN/MA solvent system under optimized conditions. The spiro‐OMeTAD film was also prepared by bar‐coating process. Standard‐sized pieces (1.5 × 1.8 cm2) were cut and the Ag metal electrode (80 nm) was deposited through a shadow mask in a thermal evaporation system for device evaluation.

Results

The large crystalline grains and pinhole‐free perovskite film obtained were fully characterized to show better film properties compared to that from the spin‐coated film, and appeared less sensitive to moisture. A higher PCE of 19.72% was achieved for standard‐sized devices fabricated from the bar‐coated perovskite film with spiro‐OMeRAD film spin‐coated on top, or an excellent PCE of 18.10% was obtained with bar‐coated spiro‐OMeTAD layer on top.

Conclusions

This work demonstrates that the simple and scalable process of bar‐coating can offer high quality and homogeneous films of perovskite and spiro‐OMeTAD respectively. It is compatible with the R2R process and useful in realizing the commercialization of PSC technology.
Waste bamboo‐derived biochar and multiporous carbon as adsorbents for methyl orange removal
Authors: Wang Shu‐Sian , Yan Yu‐Ming , Hsu Chun‐Han , Lin Hong‐Ping
Published: July 2023

Materials

Multiporous carbon (MPC) with a high specific surface area (1121 m2g−1) and mesoporous and microporous structures was prepared by using bamboo biochar (308 m2g−1) as raw material.

Methods

The preparation involved a CaCO3 activation process, where CaCO3 served as both the template for mesopores and the activating agent for micropores. The template could be easily removed by dilute HCl(aq) solution, making the preparation process simpler and more environmentally friendly compared to using mesoporous SiO2 as a hard template.

Results

The performance of the MPC and biochar as adsorbents for methyl orange (MO) dye was investigated by means of thermal dynamic isotherms and kinetic models tests. The Langmuir isothermal analysis results revealed that the MPC exhibited a significantly higher MO adsorption capacity (344.8 mg g−1) compared to the bamboo biochar (12.4 mg g−1). The adsorption kinetics of the MPC followed a pseudo‐second‐order model.

Conclusion

Overall, the obtained MPC material offers a cost‐effective, environmentally friendly, and efficient solution for removing dyes from aqueous solutions.
Script concordance testing in genetic counseling training: A pilot study
Authors: Begun Yakira S. , Stange Lila R. , Davis Claire R.
Published: July 2023

Clinical reasoning is a complex skill that represents a trainee's ability to use their professional knowledge and skills to assess and solve the problems that arise in clinical practice. As an integral tenet of the genetic counseling process, clinical reasoning skills underlie many of the Practice‐Based Competencies (2019) across a variety of domains. Despite the long‐lasting recognition of the importance of this complex skill in the training of genetic counselors, clinical reasoning has traditionally been difficult to assess in a standardized way in healthcare education. Script concordance testing is a standardized method of assessing clinical reasoning skills in ambiguous clinical situations. The tool has been used to successfully measure the clinical reasoning skills of trainees in various healthcare training programs and has never been used in a genetic counseling training program. We conducted a pilot study to assess the utility of script concordance testing in the field of genetic counseling as an objective measure of clinical reasoning in trainees. The script concordance test was constructed for the field of genetic counseling and administered to 22 second year genetic counseling students in the Joan H. Marks Graduate Program in Human Genetics at Sarah Lawrence College. Twelve genetic counselors served on a panel to provide expert clinical reasoning responses and a scoring grid was developed using the aggregate scores method. The utility of the tool was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and scores of students and the panel were compared using Hedge's g. Results revealed statistically significant differences between the scores of panelists and students and good reliability. This study shows that script concordance testing can be used to measure clinical reasoning skills in genetic counseling trainees in a way that is reliable, standardized, and easy to use, thereby allowing programs to better assess the clinical reasoning skills of trainees prior to graduation.
Higher education and employability in Tanzania: Students' account
Authors: Kibona Bertha
Published: July 2023

The changing nature of work is a real concern in higher education (HE) today, in which preparing students for jobs has become a trend attached to broader transformations in the global knowledge economy. This changing nature of work also manifests in the national and local context within which graduates operate. In Tanzania, the experience of students and graduates within the labour market is complex. With the growing number of university students and graduates, access to employment is still limited. This study explores how students' perspectives are featured in such discourses. Specifically, the study investigates students' views on how university education prepares them for future employment. The analysis is based on empirical data collected from focus group discussions with students at two Tanzanian universities. While students report that the emphasis on their learning in classes is firmly on developing employment competence, they also expressed their dissatisfaction with how the university curriculum is preparing them for the world of work. Issues raised include the imbalance between practical and theoretical learning and the irrelevance of the curriculum to the changing needs of society. This study argues for a university informed by human development and the capability approach to promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work.
The impact of differential knee laxity on brain activation during passive knee joint loading
Authors: Park‐Braswell Kyoungyoun , Shultz Sandra J. , Ross Scott E. , Sunnassee Devdass , Grooms Dustin R. , Schmitz Randy J.
Published: July 2023

Although higher anterior knee laxity (AKL) is an established risk factor of anterior cruciate ligament injury, underlying mechanisms are uncertain. While decreased proprioception and altered movement patterns in individuals with AKL have been identified, the potential impact of higher laxity on brain activity is not well understood. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify the impact of different magnitudes of knee laxity on brain function during anterior knee joint loading. Twenty‐seven healthy and active female college students without any previous severe lower leg injuries volunteered for this study. AKL was measured using a knee arthrometer KT‐2000 to assign participants to a higher laxity (N = 15) or relatively lower laxity group (N = 12). Functional magnetic resonance images were obtained during passive anterior knee joint loading in a task‐based design using a 3 T MRI scanner. Higher knee laxity individuals demonstrated diminished cortical activation in the left superior parietal lobe during passive anterior knee joint loading. Less brain activation in the regions associated with awareness of bodily movements in females with higher knee laxity may indicate a possible connection between brain activity and knee laxity. The results of this study may help researchers and clinicians develop effective rehabilitation programs for individuals with increased knee laxity.
Leukocyte‐poor platelet‐rich plasma and leukocyte‐rich platelet‐rich plasma promote myoblast proliferation through the upregulation of cyclin A, cdk1, and cdk2
Authors: Chen Li‐Siou , Chen Chih‐Kuang , Pang Jong‐Hwei Su , Lin Li‐Ping , Yu Tung‐Yang , Tsai Wen‐Chung
Published: July 2023

Muscle injuries are common among athletes and often treated with platelet‐rich plasma (PRP). However, whether the leukocyte concentration affects the efficacy of PRP in treating muscle injuries remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of leukocyte‐poor platelet‐rich plasma (LP‐PRP) and leukocyte‐rich platelet‐rich plasma (LR‐PRP) on myoblast proliferation and the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. Myoblasts were treated with 0.5% LP‐PRP, 0.5% LR‐PRP, 1% LP‐PRP, or 1% LR‐PRP for 24 h. The gene expression of the LP‐PRP‐ and LR‐PRP–treated myoblasts was determined using RNA sequencing analysis. Cell proliferation was evaluated using an bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay, and cell cycle progression was assessed through flow cytometry. The expression of cyclin A, cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (cdk1), and cdk2 was examined using Western blotting. The expression of myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD1) was examined through Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. The LP‐PRP and LR‐PRP both promoted the proliferation of myoblasts and increased differential gene expression of myoblasts. Moreover, the LP‐PRP and LR‐PRP substantially upregulated the expression of cyclin A, cdk1, and cdk2. MyoD1 expression was induced in the LP‐PRP and LR‐PRP–treated myoblasts. Our results corroborate the finding that LP‐PRP and LR‐PRP have similar positive effects on myoblast proliferation and MyoD1 expression.
The potential of suspended chitosan nanoparticles as a surgical irrigation fluid
Authors: Holmes Miles D. , Narro Analisa J. , Jones Hugh L. , Noble Philip C. , Ambrose Catherine G.
Published: July 2023

In this study, we sought to synthesize chitosan nanoparticles (CS‐NPs) and characterize their morphology, efficacy in inhibiting bacterial attachment, and efficacy in eradicating bacteria established on implantable hardware. CS‐NPs possess desirable properties, including antibacterial properties in biofilm‐mediated infections. CS‐NPs were produced using ionic gelation and characterized via scanning electron microscope imaging. Staphylococcus aureus was incubated with CS‐NPs at various concentrations and compared to a 1% povidone‐iodine with 1% H2O2 control in 24‐well plates. Stainless steel bone screws were placed in six‐well plates and inoculated with S. aureus. After 24 h, the screws were transferred to one of three solutions (saline, 40 mg/mL CS‐NP, or 1% povidone‐iodine with 1% H2O2). Four screws from each group were vortexed in saline and plated. The remaining screw from each group was prepped and imaged to map the location of persistent bacteria. Synthesized CS‐NPs had a mean diameter of 0.39 ± 0.13 μm and circularity of 0.87 ± 0.05. The percent inhibition of bacterial attachment was 73% at 20 mg/mL, 73% at 30 mg/mL, 75% at 40 mg/mL, 79% at 50 mg/mL, and 78% at 60 mg/mL. When compared to saline, the 40 mg/mL CS‐NP solution reduced bacteria on the screws by 76%. No bacteria were retrieved from the 1% povidone‐iodine with 1% H2O2 group. This study demonstrated that CS‐NP solution effectively inhibited S. aureus bacterial attachment and was more effective than saline in eradicating bacteria from orthopedic hardware, suggesting that CS‐NPs have the potential for prevention and treatment of musculoskeletal infections as a component of an intraoperative surgical irrigation solution.
Bazi Bushen maintains intestinal homeostasis through inhibiting TLR4/NFκB signaling pathway and regulating gut microbiota in SAMP6 mice
Authors: Xu Zhe , Man Shan‐shan , Gong Bo‐yang , Li Zhao‐dong , Zhou Hui‐fang , Peng Yan‐fei , Zhao Shu‐wu , Hou Yun‐long , Wang Li , Bian Yu‐hong
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

Bazi Bushen is a Chinese patented medicine with multiple health benefits and geroprotective effects, yet, no research has explored its effects on intestinal homeostasis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Bazi Bushen on intestinal inflammation and the potential mechanism of gut microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal homeostasis in senescence‐accelerated mouse prone 6 (SAMP6). The hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry were performed to assess the function of the intestinal mucosal barrier. The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting were used to determine the level of intestinal inflammation. The aging‐related β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) staining and Western blotting were used to measure the extent of intestinal aging. The 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) was performed to analyze the change in gut microbiota composition and distribution.

RESULTS

Bazi Bushen exerted remarkable protective effects in SAMP6, showing a regulated mucosal barrier and increased barrier integrity. It also suppressed intestinal inflammation through down‐regulating pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α) and inhibiting TLR4/NFκB signaling pathway (MYD88, p‐p65, and TLR4). Bazi Bushen improved intestinal aging by reducing the area of SA‐β‐gal‐positive cells and the expression of senescence markers p16, p21, and p53. In addition, Bazi Bushen effectively rebuilt the gut microbiota ecosystem by decreasing the abundance of Bacteroides and Klebsiella, whiles increasing the ratio of Lactobacillus/Bacteroides and the abundance of Akkermansia.

CONCLUSION

Our study shows that Bazi Bushen could serve as a potential therapy for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Fertilization as the most critical factor affecting yield response and agronomic efficiency of phosphorus in Chinese rice production: evidence from multi‐location field trials
Authors: Yan Xiaojun , Chen Xiaohui , Zhang Siwen , Muneer Muhammad Atif , Xu Xiuzhu , Ma Changcheng , Cai Yuanyang , Cui Zhenling , Chen Xinping , Wu Liangquan , Zhang Fusuo
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

Efficient utilization of phosphorus (P) has been a major challenge for sustainable agriculture. However, the responses of fertilizer rate, region, soil properties, cropping systems and genotypes to P have not been investigated comprehensively and systematically.

RESULTS

A comprehensive analysis of 9863 fertilizer‐P experiments on rice cultivation in China showed that rice yield  increased first and then fell down with the addition of P fertilizer, and the highest yield of 7963 kg ha−1 was observed under 100% P treatment. Under 100% P treatment, the yield response of applied P (YRP) and agronomic efficiency of applied P (AEP) were 12.8% and 30.1 kg ha−1, respectively. Lower soil pH (< 5.5) and organic matter (< 30.0 g kg−1) were associated with lower YRP and AEP. By contrast, soil available P < 25.0 mg kg−1 resulted in decreased YRP (15.3 to 11.4%) and AEP (32.3 kg kg−1 to 26.2 kg kg−1), whereas soil available P > 25.0 mg kg−1 maintained the relatively stable YRP and AEP. Also, the YRP and AEP were significantly higher for single‐cropping rice compared to other cropping systems. Moreover, the rice genotypes such as ‘Longdun’, ‘Kendao’ and ‘Jigeng’ had higher YRP and AEP than the average value. Overall, the fertilizer‐P rate was the primary factor affecting YRP and AEP, and the recommended P fertilizer rate can be reduced by 9–21 kg P ha−1 compared to existing expert recommendations.

CONCLUSION

The present study highlights the role of fertilizer‐P rate in maximizing the YRP and AEP, thereby providing a strong basis for future fertilizer management in rice cultivation systems. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Outcomes of Head and Neck Free Tissue Transfer in Renal Failure Patients
Authors: Oglesby Kacie R. , Jefferson Gina D. , Thomas Carissa M. , Tomblin Caitlyn , Alnemri Angela , Curry Joseph M. , Bonaventure Caroline , Sweeny Larissa , Richards Holden W. , Wax Mark , Kane Anne C.
Published: July 2023

Objective

To assess if there is increased risk of free flap failure in renal failure patients undergoing head and neck reconstruction. We seek to primarily assess free flap outcomes based on stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and secondarily determine increased risk for postoperative complications.

Methods

Retrospective chart review was performed at five tertiary care centers. Patients were identified that had undergone microvascular free flap reconstruction of the head and neck with diagnosis of renal failure, classified as Stage 3 CKD or higher. Demographic data was collected. Outcomes in the postoperative period were examined.

Results

Seventy‐three patients met inclusion criteria. The average patient age was 69 years with a male predominance (n = 48). The majority of patients had CKD Stage 3 (n = 52). Overall flap failure rate was 12.33% (n = 9, CKD stage 3 = 7.69%, CKD stage 4 = 30%, CKD stage 5 = 18%). There was an increased risk of flap failure on multivariate analysis for CKD stage 4/5 patients when compared to CKD 3 patients (p = 0.0095). When compared to matched controls, there was an increased risk of flap failure in CKD patients (p = 0.01) as well as an increased risk of overall complications (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Patients with CKD undergoing head and neck reconstruction are at a higher risk of flap failure and overall complications. When comparing CKD stages there may be increased risk of flap failure in later stages of CKD compared to CKD 3. Appropriate patient counseling is recommended pre‐operatively in this patient population with consideration for regional flaps in the appropriate patient.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 134:688–694, 2024
The Use of Digital Image Processing Method to Estimate the Foam Characteristics of Polyurethane
Authors: Celik Bayar Caglar , Onur Tugba Ozge
Published: July 2023

Four air‐bubbled polyurethane (PU) foams with different polyol:PMDI wt.% are produced, respectively. The chemical reaction mechanisms of polyurethane and bubble formation are proposed by performing standard Gibbs free energy calculations using the DFT M06‐2X/6‐31+G(d,p) method. The local minima, transition states, and intermediates in reaction mechanisms are detected. It is concluded that both reactions are exothermic. Then, raw images of the produced PU foams are taken with a 13 MP mobile phone camera, which can be considered inexpensive, and the mean radii of the pores are calculated by an image processing based method (IPBM) on a standard desktop computer with an i5 processor. It is determined that there is a close relationship between the calculated mean radius and instrumentally measured thermal conductivity coefficient of the foams. However, the thermal conductivity coefficients are independent of the calculated number and percentage of the pores. The mean radii of the samples calculated by the proposed IPBM are close to that of the SEM, with acceptable relative errors of less than 10%. Finally, it is concluded that IPBM, which is a more cost‐effective, cleaner, and faster method than SEM, might replace SEM in the air bubble analysis of PU foams.
Azomethine‐Containing Pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrrole Copolymers for Simple and Degradable Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Bartlett Kimberley A. , Charland‐Martin Ariane , Lawton Jonathan , Tomlinson Aimée L. , Collier Graham S.
Published: July 2023

Conjugated polymers have received significant attention as potentially lightweight and highly tailorable alternatives to inorganic semiconductors, but their synthesis is often complex, produces toxic byproducts, and they are not typically designed to be degradable or recyclable. These drawbacks necessitate dedicated efforts to discover materials with design motifs that enable targeted and efficient degradation of conjugated polymers. In this vein, the synthetic simplicity of 1,4‐dihydropyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrroles (DHPPs) is exploited to access azomethine‐containing copolymers via a benign acid‐catalyzed polycondensation protocol. Polymerizations involve reacting a dialdehyde‐functionalized dihydropyrrolopyrrole with p‐phenylenediamine as the comonomer using p‐toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst. The inherent dynamic equilibrium of the azomethine bonds subsequently enabled the degradation of the polymers in solution in the presence of acid. Degradation of the polymers is monitored via NMR, UV‐vis absorbance, and fluorescence spectroscopies, and the polymers are shown to be fully degradable. Notably, while absorbance measurements reveal a continued shift to higher energies with extended exposure to acid, fluorescence measurements show a substantial increase in the fluorescence response upon degradation. Results from this study encourage the continued development of environmentally‐conscious polymerizations to attain polymeric materials with useful properties while simultaneously creating polymers with structural handles for end‐of‐life management or/and recyclability.
Outpatient Motor Retraining for Functional Movement Disorder: Predictors of a Favorable Short‐Term Response
Authors: Callister Marcus N. , Klanderman Molly C. , Boddu Sayi P. , Moutvic Margaret A. , Geissler Elizabeth N. , Traver Katie J. , Staab Jeffrey P. , Hassan Anhar
Published: July 2023

Background

Treating functional movement disorder (FMD) with motor retraining is effective but resource intensive.

Objectives

Identify patient, disease, and program variables associated with favorable treatment outcomes.

Methods

Retrospective review of the 1 week intensive outpatient FMD program at Mayo Clinic in Minnesota from February 2019 to August 2021. Outcomes included patient‐reported measures (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure‐Performance and Satisfaction subscales [COPM‐P and COPM‐S, range 0–10] and Global Rating of Change [GROC, −7 to +7]) and a retrospective investigator‐rated scale (0–3, worse/not improved to significantly improved/resolved). Linear regression models identified variables predicting favorable outcomes.

Results

Participants (n = 201, 74% female, mean age = 46) had median FMD duration of 24 months. The commonest FMD subtypes were gait disorder (65%), tremor (41%) and weakness (17%); 53% had ≥2 subtypes. Most patients (88%) completed a therapeutic screening process before program entry. Patient‐reported outcomes at the end of the week improved substantially (COPM‐P average change 3.8 ± 1.9; GROC post‐program average 5.5 ± 1.7). Available investigator‐rated outcomes from short‐term follow‐up were also positive (102/122 [84%] moderately to significantly improved/resolved). Factors predicting greater improvement in COPM‐P were completing therapeutic screening, higher number of non‐motor symptoms, shorter FMD duration, earlier program entry, lower baseline COPM scores, and (among screened patients) higher GROC between therapeutic screening and program start.

Conclusion

Patients with diverse FMD subtypes improved substantially over a 1 week period. Utilization of therapeutic screening and greater improvement between therapeutic screening and program start were novel predictors of favorable outcomes. Non‐motor symptoms did not preclude positive responses, although patients with predominant non‐motor burden were excluded.
Extracellular Vesicles for the Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Xylaki Mary , Chopra Avika , Weber Sandrina , Bartl Michael , Outeiro Tiago F. , Mollenhauer Brit
Published: July 2023

Parkinson's disease (PD) biomarkers are needed by both clinicians and researchers (for diagnosis, identifying study populations, and monitoring therapeutic response). Imaging, genetic, and biochemical biomarkers have been widely studied. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become a promising material for biomarker development. Proteins and molecular material from any organ, including the central nervous system, can be packed into EVs and transported to the periphery into easily obtainable biological specimens like blood, urine, and saliva. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of articles (published before November 15, 2022) reporting biomarker assessment in EVs in PD patients and healthy controls (HCs). Biomarkers were analyzed using random effects meta‐analysis and the calculated standardized mean difference (Std.MD). Several proteins and ribonucleic acids have been identified in EVs in PD patients, but only α‐synuclein (aSyn) and leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) were reported in sufficient studies (n = 24 and 6, respectively) to perform a meta‐analysis. EV aSyn was significantly increased in neuronal L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM)–positive blood EVs in PD patients compared to HCs (Std.MD = 1.84, 95% confidence interval = 0.76–2.93, P = 0.0009). Further analysis of the biological sample and EV isolation method indicated that L1CAM‐IP (immunoprecipitation) directly from plasma was the best isolation method for assessing aSyn in PD patients. Upcoming neuroprotective clinical trials immediately need peripheral biomarkers for identifying individuals at risk of developing PD. Overall, the improved sensitivity of assays means they can identify biomarkers in blood that reflect changes in the brain. CNS‐derived EVs in blood will likely play a major role in biomarker development in the coming years. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
A modified characteristics projection finite element method for the non‐stationary incompressible thermally coupled MHD equations
Authors: Si Zhiyong , Guo Xiaonan , Wang Yunxia
Published: July 2023

In this paper, a modified characteristics projection finite element method is proposed for the non‐stationary incompressible thermally couple MHD equations. The modified characteristics projection finite element method combines the modified characteristics finite element method with the projection method to verify the unconditional stability and optimal error estimation of velocity, pressure, magnetic field and temperature in the non‐stationary incompressible thermally couple MHD equations. In order to show the effectiveness of the proposed method, some numerical results are presented. The numerical results are consistent with our theoretical analysis, and our method is effective.
Stabilization of the heat equation with disturbance at the flux boundary condition
Authors: Guzmán Patricio , Hernández Esteban
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we address the problem of boundary stabilization of the heat equation subjected to an unknown disturbance, which is assumed to be acting at the flux boundary condition. By means of Lyapunov techniques and the use of the sign multivalued operator, which is responsible of rejecting the effects of the disturbance, we design a multivalued feedback law to obtain the exponential stability of the closed‐loop system. The well‐posedness of the closed‐loop system, which is a differential inclusion, is shown with the maximal monotone operator theory.
17O nuclear magnetic resonance: Recent advances and applications
Authors: Krivdin Leonid B.
Published: July 2023

The present review is focused on the most recent achievements in the application of liquid phase 17O nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to inorganic, organic, and biochemical molecules focusing on their structure, conformations, and (bio)chemical behavior. The review is composed of four basic parts, namely, (1) simple molecules; (2) water and hydrogen bonding; (3) metal oxides, clusters, and complexes; and (4) biological molecules. Experimental 17O NMR chemical shifts are thoroughly tabulated. They span a range of as much as almost 650 ppm (from −35.6 to +610.0 ppm) for inorganic and organic molecules, whereas this range is much wider for biological species being of about 1350 ppm (from −12 to +1332 ppm), and in the case of hemoproteins and heme‐model compounds, isotropic chemical shifts of up to 2500 ppm were observed. The general prospects and caveats in the modern development of the liquid phase 17O NMR in chemistry and biochemistry are critically discussed and briefly outlined in view of their future applications.