bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MENINJAU EFEKTIVITAS PROGRAM PENJAMINAN LPS DALAM MENJAGA STABILITAS DAN KEPERCAYAAN DALAM SISTEM KEUANGAN
Authors: Muslimin  , Katsirin Khairul
Published: January 2025

This research was conducted to review the effectiveness of the LPS guarantee program in maintaining stability and trust in the financial system in Indonesia. The method used is descriptive-qualitative with secondary data collection from various sources. The results of the study indicate that the LPS guarantee program has been successful in maintaining stability and trust in the financial system, especially in Indonesia, but there are several challenges that need to be overcome in order to increase the program's effectiveness. Policy recommendations that can be implemented include increasing the maximum limit for reimbursement of funds by the LPS, increasing the supervisory mechanism for guaranteed banks, increasing public education about the LPS guarantee program, providing more accurate and transparent data and information, and closer cooperation between LPS and guaranteed banks. With the implementation of these policies, it is expected to increase the effectiveness of the LPS guarantee program and maintain stability and trust in the financial system in Indonesia.
Examining the Perceived Barriers that Deter University Graduates from Establishing Businesses in Zambia: A Case of Lusaka Province
Authors: Nakalinda Abby , Hatoongo Rabecca
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to investigate the perceived barriers influencing university graduates in Zambia when it comes to establishing their own businesses. Employing a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches, the research adopted a descriptive research design and utilized purposive and convenience sampling techniques. A sample size of 250 respondents was selected, and both questionnaire surveys and interviews were employed for data collection. The results revealed that several barriers hindered university graduates from venturing into business and these barriers included lack of capital, limited governmental support, inadequate managerial skills, taxation challenges, lack of confidence, and deficient entrepreneurship skills.Suggestions from the study include simplifying taxation policies, enhancing the education curriculum to incorporate entrepreneurial skills, providing entrepreneurship training to graduates, and establishing supportive government policies and financing mechanisms. These measures are essential for addressing the challenges faced by university graduates and promoting entrepreneurship as a viable career path in Zambia.
ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЕ ЭТНОКУЛЬТУРНЫХ ОБЫЧАЕВ И ТРАДИЦИЙ… В РАССКАЗЕ БЕКИРА ЧОБАН-ЗАДЕ «ОГЪУРЛЫ ДЖОЛЛАР» («СЧАСТЛИВОГО ПУТИ»)
Authors: Джемилева Айше Аблямитовна
Published: January 2025

В статье рассматривается изображение этнокультурных обычаев и традиций в рассказах Бекира Чобан-заде. Будучи выходцем из села, писатель хорошо знал традиции предков и народные обычаи. Новизна исследования характеризуется отсутствием в крымскотатарском литературоведении монографического исследования проблем этнопоэтических особенностей в прозе Б. Чобан-заде. В творчестве писателя ярко проявляются национальные черты, отражается мировоззрение народа, особенности национального характера. В работе применяются описательный, биографический, психологический, герменевтический, сравнительно-исторический методы исследования. Цель работы – выявление этнокультурного своеобразия прозы Бекира Чобан-заде, определение специфики национального мировидения в художественной структуре произведений писателя. Сделан вывод о том, что фольклорно- этнографический материал в произведениях Б. Чобан-заде становится средством передачи глубоко национальных пластов крымскотатарской культуры, а также приемом постижения психоэмоциональной природы и психологии героев. Вопрос рассмотрения национальной специфики рассказов Б. Чобан-заде является актуальным не толькопо причине недостаточной изученности, но и в силу востребованности самого материала.
А.С. АМАНЖОЛОВ В ЗЕРКАЛЕ ЛИЧНЫХ ИМЕН НАУЧНОГО ФОРУМА «АМАНЖОЛОВСКИЕ ЧТЕНИЯ – 2024»
Authors: Кикбаева Айнур Темиржанкызы , Бурибаева Майнура Абильтаевна , Шаймерденова Мендыганым Джамалбековна
Published: January 2025

Данная статья посвящена памяти выдающегося ученого – доктора филологических наук, заслуженного деятеля Казахстана, профессора Алтая Сарсеновича Аманжолова. А.С. Аманжолов, будучи признанным авторитетом в области тюркоязычных исследований, внес неизмеримый вклад в развитие тюркологической науки. Видный ученый-тюрколог опубликовал более двухсот работ по тюркской филологии и лингвистике, в том числе семь монографий на русском и казахском языках, двадцать публикаций на английском и турецком языках. Он владел несколькими языками (казахским, русским, турецким, английским), а также изучал языки тюркских рунических памятников, поэтому был востребованным специалистом не только в Казахстане, но и во всем тюркоязычном мире.Помимо научных трудов, А.С. Аманжолов воспитал талантливых ученых, продолживших его дело – восемнадцать кандидатов филологических наук и трех докторов. 14–15 мая 2024 г. в Казахском национальном университете им. аль-Фараби прошла крупномасштабная I Международная научно-методическая конференция, посвященная 90-летию А.С. Аманжолова. Данный форум прошел накануне дня рождения профессора, который провел научную и профессиональную деятельность в стенах университета, а также в рамках празднования 90-летия КазНУ им.аль- Фараби.
И.В. КОРМУШИН И ЕГО ВКЛАД В ТЮРКСКУЮ РУНОЛОГИЮ (К 85-ЛЕТИЮ УЧЕНОГО)
Authors: Савельев Александр Владиславович
Published: January 2025

25 января 2024 г. отметил 85-летний юбилей доктор филологических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник Института языкознания РАН, председатель Российского комитета тюркологов при ОИФН РАН, главный редактор журнала «Российская тюркология» Игорь Валентинович Кормушин.
Благодарность: Статья написана в рамках работы по гранту Российского научного фонда № 24-28-01042 «Разработка информационной системы для создания цифрового корпуса древнетюркских рунических надписей» (организация финансирования – Институт языкознания Российской академии наук; URL: https://rscf.ru/project/24-28-01042/). Автор выражает признательность оргкомитету конференции «Тенишевские чтения-17» (Институт языкознания РАН, Москва, 4–5 июня 2024 г.) за возможность выступить с пленарным докладом, который и послужил основой для настоящей публикации.
НАИМЕНОВАНИЯ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ ДЕРЕВЬЕВ В БАШКИРСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ДИАЛЕКТНЫХ ДИСКУРСОВ)
Authors: Ишмухаметова Анита Шаукатовна
Published: January 2025

Статья посвящена анализу одной из подгрупп названий лекарственных растений в башкирском языке и его диалектах. Источниковую базу работы представляет словарный фонд башкирского языка, содержащийся в лексикографических изданиях, а также диалектные тексты, которые представлены в Диалектологической базе Машинного фонда башкирского языка, разработанной сотрудниками Лаборатории лингвистики и информационных технологий (ныне Отделом прикладной лингвистики и диалектологии) Института истории, языка и литературы УФИЦ РАН. Объектом исследования стала лексико семантическая подгруппа «лекарственные деревья» в башкирском языке. В статье автором проанализированы и систематизированы научные и диалектные названия некоторых деревьев, в том числе с точки зрения их лекарственных свойств, таких как тирәк ‘тополь’, ҡарама ‘вяз’, тал ‘ива’ и др., проводится сравнение с другими тюркскими языками, отмечены фонетические особенности. В ходе исследования выявлены башкирские топонимы, образованные на основе соответствующих фитонимов. Отмечено, что в целом исследование лексики «лекарственные растения» в диалектах башкирского языка позволяет не только расширить наше понимание местной флоры, но и проследить связь между языком и культурой этноса. Это напоминает нам о важности сохранения родных языков и традиций, которые являются ключевыми элементами культурного многообразия нашего мира.
Благодарность: Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-28-01343 «Кодовые переключения в условиях башкирско-русского двуязычия (на материале диалектных дискурсов)».
Analyzing Surface Code as Error Correction Method for Quantum Gate Translation of a Classical Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) in the Presence of Depolarizing Noise
Authors: Pineda Shani Marish , Cabobos Kenneth , Rebulanan Brient Neilson , Rodriguez Joshua Benjamin , Tubola Orland
Published: January 2025

Quantum computing holds promise, but maintaining quantum information integrity is challenging. This study evaluates surface codes for error correction in a quantum ALU using IBM Qiskit. Simulations under depolarizing noise show surface codes reduce errors and enhance accuracy. For the NAND Gate, state |1⟩error dropped from 18.57% to 10.78% and state |0⟩from 56.3% to 32.68%. For the NOR Gate, state |0⟩error fell from 23.38% to 6.62% and state |1⟩from 70.87% to 20.08%. For the XNOR Gate, errors for states |0⟩and |1⟩decreased from 5.08% to 2.54%. For the Full Adder, state |00⟩error decreased from 99.19% to 83.74% and state |10⟩from 31.3% to 22.02%, but increased for states |01⟩ from 17.63% to 22.11% and |11⟩ from 43.75% to 44.44% due to the added complexity of the circuit. This advancement in fault-tolerant quantum computing paves the way for solving problems beyond the capabilities of classical computing.
The Influence of Attitudes, Subjective Norms and Perception Behavior Control on Taxpayer Compliance of Swallow's Nest in Kendari City
Authors: Burhanuddin Burhanuddin , Umar Sakka Gjosphink Putra , Hasnita Nita
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to analyze: 1) the influence of attitudes on the compliance of swallow's nest taxpayers; 2) the influence of subjective norms on the compliance of swallow's nest taxpayers; and 3) the effect of perception behavior control on the compliance of swallow's nest taxpayers. The data used is primary data obtained through questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out by multiple linear regression. The results of the study show that: 1) Attitude does not have a significant influence on the compliance of swallow's nest taxpayers in Kendari City; 2) Subjective norms have a significant positive effect on the compliance of swallow's nest taxpayers in Kendari City; and 3) Perception behavior control has a significant positive effect on the compliance of swallow's nest taxpayers in Kendari City.
Accurate and Robust Stellar Rotation Periods Catalog for 82771 Kepler Stars Using Deep Learning
Authors: Kamai Ilay , Perets Hagai B.
Published: January 2025

We propose a new framework to predict stellar properties from light curves. We analyze the light-curve data from the Kepler space mission and develop a novel tool for deriving the stellar rotation periods for main-sequence stars. Using this tool, we provide rotation periods for more than 80K stars. Our model, LightPred, is a novel deep-learning model designed to extract stellar rotation periods from light curves. The model utilizes a dual-branch architecture combining long short-term memory and transformer components to capture temporal and global data features. We train LightPred on self-supervised contrastive pretraining and simulated light curves generated using a realistic spot model. Our evaluation demonstrates that LightPred outperforms classical methods like the autocorrelation function in terms of accuracy and average error. We apply LightPred to the Kepler data set, generating the largest catalog to date. Using error analysis based on learned confidence and consistency metric, we were able to filter the predictions and remove stellar types with variability, which is different than spot-induced variability. Our analysis shows strong correlations between error levels and stellar parameters. Additionally, we confirm tidal synchronization in eclipsing binaries with orbital periods shorter than 10 days. Our findings highlight the potential of deep learning in extracting fundamental stellar properties from light curves, opening new avenues for understanding stellar evolution and population demographics.
Existence of solution for a Langevin equation involving the $ \psi $-Hilfer fractional derivative: A variational approach
Authors: Almaghamsi Lamya , Alghamdi Aeshah , Ghanmi Abdeljabbar
Published: January 2025

This study examines the existence of a solution for a nonvariational Langevin equation that involves the $ \psi $-Hilfer fractional derivative. More specifically, we apply the mountain pass theorem, and then an iterative approach to establish the existence of a solution for the problem.
Anti-plane interfacial waves in a square lattice
Authors: Eremeyev Victor A.
Published: January 2025

Using the lattice dynamics approach, we discussed the propagation of interfacial waves localized near the interface in an infinite square lattice. The interface has been modeled as a single-particle layer of material particles with masses and elastic bonds different from those in the bulk. In this lattice structure there were anti-plane interface waves, i.e., waves that decayed exponentially with distance from the interface. Such waves could be useful for determining material properties in the vicinity of the interface. We obtained equations of motion and analyzed the corresponding dispersion relations for steady-state solutions. Here, the dispersion equation related the circular frequency to the wave number. In addition, we provided a comparison of the dispersion relations with those derived within the Gurtin-Murdoch surface elasticity. To do this, we have used the scaling law that links the continuum and discrete models. Unlike the continuum model, in the discrete model the wave number was limited by the first Brillouin zone, whereas in the continuum model it took a range from zero to infinity. The detailed parametric analysis was given for the discrete model. Finally, other models of interfaces in the case of a square lattice were discussed.
Enhancing Operational Efficiency in Resource-Intensive Enterprises Through Financial Sharing Model
Authors: Yang Song , Zang Junbin , Wu Yunxia , Kong Debin
Published: January 2025

As global economic integration advances, enterprises—particularly in resource-intensive sectors—face growing complexities and inefficiencies. This study explores the impact of financial sharing models on cost savings and performance in energy companies. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from ten electric power companies that adopted the financial sharing model in 2016, covering 2011 to 2020. The analysis focused on key performance indicators (KPIs), including return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), net profit margin (ROS), total asset turnover (ATO), accounts receivable turnover (ARTR), cash turnover (CFTR), sustainable growth rate (SGR), and enterprise value (EV). These metrics assessed operational efficiency and financial performance. Statistical methods compared the average values of these indicators before and after model implementation, revealing significant improvements. The findings indicate that financial sharing models enhance operational efficiency and support sustainable development in power companies.
‘The Way to Be Safe Is Never to Be Secure'
Authors: Chuma Kabelo Given , Ngoepe Mpho
Published: January 2025

Data security is used to protect sensitive and confidential patient health information. The healthcare sector is affected by the myriad of cybersecurity threats and attacks. Safeguarding Electronic Personal Health Information (ePHI) against cybersecurity threats and attacks is important. This study sought to explore the security of ePHI in South African hospitals with a view to proposing a framework. A qualitative study was carried out in public hospitals using semi-structured interviews with purposively selected participants of IT managers, technicians, and network controllers. The findings revealed that South African hospitals suffer from a range of cybersecurity threats, including Trojan viruses, cryptographic attacks, distributed denial of service attacks, phishing emails, password attacks, and malware attacks. The lack of security policies and poor compliance with data protection laws have been recognised as major challenges facing hospitals. The study proposes a security framework that could assist hospitals in securing ePHI by providing a set of guidelines and safeguards.
Reliability–Centered Maintenance Using Reliability Parameters on Gas Compressors
Authors: Omozuhiomwen Gregory Egbe , Kure Halima I. , Obi Emenike Raymond , Ebenuwa Solomon H. , Ijemaru Gerald K. , Nwajana Augustine O.
Published: January 2025

The main objective of reliability-centered maintenance is the cost-effectiveness of the maintenance strategy. These strategies, rather than the different components of reliability-centered maintenance being applied independently, are optimally integrated to take advantage of their respective strengths to optimize equipment reliability and life-cycle costs. The article uses reliability parameters to define the type of maintenance strategy and time to perform maintenance on gas compressors. This article presents a methodology using the gas compressor's reliability parameters to model reliability-centered maintenance procedure for the gas compressors. The approach is based on reliability parameters gotten from the liner regression carried out on the gas compressors. The shape parameter (β) from the Weibull linear regression shows that most components in the two gas compressors were experiencing early failure with their β < 1 and the distribution that best fits the data is the lognormal distribution, whose parameters are the shape parameter (σ') and the scale parameter (µ').
“Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio and Its Relation with Myocardial Markers and Varying Severity of Myocardial Ischemia on Lexiscan in High Risk Patients”.
Authors: Mohsin Naveed , Mushiyev Savi , Chaudhari Shobhana
Published: January 2025

Background:

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is mainly caused by atherosclerosis that is considered as an immune-inflammatory condition. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is widely available inflammatory biomarker that has been found a very useful marker in acute coronary syndrome.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to check the utility of NLR inflammatory biomarker with varying severities of myocardial ischemia and to correlate it with cardiac troponin elevation and abnormal myocardial stress imaging patterns.

Methods:

All patients with anginal chest pain or angina equivalents who underwent regadenoson SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging, commonly known as Lexiscan, with positive stress results, defined as reversible myocardial ischemia were included. The corresponding NLRs, cardiac troponins, and stress imaging parameters were reviewed.

Results:

A total 92 patients were studied. There was no statistically significant difference in the elevation of NLR inflammatory biomarker across varying severities of myocardial ischemic categories but NLR correlated positively with the cardiac troponin T elevation. Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) elevation was significantly associated with the severity of myocardial ischemia (p<0.05). The inter-tertile NLR comparison revealed an inversely proportional relationship of stress left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) with NLR (p<0.01).

Conclusion:

NLR is not influenced by the severity of myocardial ischemia, but correlates positively with cardiac troponin T elevation. The high NLR translates into more depressed left ventricular function on stress testing.
Clinical, Imaging, and Atrial Cardiopathy Markers in Ischemic Stroke Subtypes – Clues to a Cardioembolic Source
Authors: Sreedharan Sapna Erat , Saikiran Kakarla , Chandralekha SC , Athira CA , Sylaja PN , Jissa VT , Namboodiri Narayanan
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives:

Cryptogenic strokes account for 20%–25% of all ischemic strokes. Although atrial cardiopathy markers are more prevalent in the cryptogenic embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) subgroup than in the nonembolic stroke subgroup, the utility of individual parameters in predicting cardioembolic sources needs to be studied further. We studied the clinical, imaging, and atrial cardiopathy markers in three ischemic stroke subtypes – large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), cardioembolism (CE), and cryptogenic ESUS – and their role in predicting the source of CE.

Methods:

This was a prospective observational study of ischemic stroke patients at Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum from April 2021 to December 2022. Clinical and risk factor profiles, imaging details, atrial cardiopathy marker (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide [NT-pro-BNP]) levels, electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters (P terminal force of V1 [PTFV1], P wave duration, the PR interval), and transthoracic echo parameters (left atrial [LA] diameter and LA volume) were collected. Associations were made between clinical, imaging, and atrial cardiopathy markers and etiological subtypes.

Results:

We had 255 participants (LAA- 98, CE- 41, and ESUS- 139) with a mean age of 63.53 years. Among the atrial cardiopathy markers, the most prevalent was elevated NT-pro-BNP (43.95%), followed by the ECG markers P wave duration (30.92%) and PTFV1 (28.74%), and LA diameter greater than 37 mm (24.27%) and LA volume greater than 34 ml/m2 (20.31%). Among the atrial cardiopathy markers, NT-pro-BNP and LA enlargement were strongly predictive of CE etiology, when compared to LAA. Chronic non-lacunar infarcts on imaging and elevated NT-pro-BNP showed a strong association with CE, when compared to cryptogenic strokes.

Conclusions:

The atrial cardiopathy biomarker NT-pro-BNP and chronic non-lacunar infarcts can serve as useful tools for recognizing cardioembolic sources among patients with embolic strokes.
Multiple bronchopleural fistulas resolved with combination stent therapy
Authors: Jimu Aga , Liu Xiuli , Fan Yingqi , Yu Pengfei
Published: January 2025

Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a rare yet severe complication following lobectomy, with no standardized treatment protocol established. We present a case of a 65-year-old male with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who developed multiple BPFs postresection of the right lower lobe due to lung cancer and with tumor recurrence and metastasis. We employed a comprehensive management strategy comprising rigorous infection control, meticulous chest drainage, antitumor treatment, and targeted deployment of bronchial stents. This approach not only resolved the BPFs but also achieved a complete response of the lung cancer, extending progression-free survival to over 3 years.
Adherence and influencing factors of high-flow nasal cannula humidified oxygen therapy in elderly patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Yang , Liu Ting-Ting , Li Dong-Mei , Ren Xue-Ling , Luo Zheng , Chen Xue-Li , Du Ying-Zhen , Cheng Yan-Shuang
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE:

The objective of the study was to systematically evaluate and perform a meta-analysis on the adherence to high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) humidified oxygen therapy and its influencing factors in elderly patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

METHODS:

Relevant literature on HFNC and COPD was retrieved from PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. Cross-sectional studies, case–control studies, and cohort studies were included. Screening and quality assessment were conducted using Endnote X9 software. Quality scores were assigned using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and the AHRQ assessment tool. Basic information, sample size, and adherence-related factors were extracted, and heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed.

RESULTS:

A total of 321 articles were initially identified, with 8 English articles involving 325 patients included after screening. Quality assessment yielded five high-quality articles (score > 8), two medium-quality articles (score = 7), and one low-quality article (score = 6). Meta-analysis results showed a COPD patient HFNC adherence rate of 32.7%. Negative factors included the number of acute exacerbations (odds ratio [OR] =2.17), adverse reactions (OR = 4.13), regular follow-up (OR = 9.45), educational level (OR = 5.38), and concurrent medications (OR = 4.71). Positive factors included age < 70 years (OR = 0.45), duration of use (OR = 0.30), inhalation technique (OR = 0.31), treatment satisfaction (OR = 0.35), and adverse reactions (OR = 0.15). Funnel plot and Egger’s test results indicated minimal publication bias.

CONCLUSION:

Adherence to HFNC in elderly COPD patients is relatively low, influenced by negative factors such as the number of acute exacerbations, adverse reactions, regular follow-up, educational level, and concurrent medications. Positive factors include age < 70 years, duration of use, inhalation technique, treatment satisfaction, and adverse reactions.
Vasoreactive testing prevalence and characteristics in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Natalia Goncharova , Lapshin Kirill , Berezina Aelita , Zlobina Irina , Ryzhkov Anton , Matakaeva Zhaneta , Andreeva Elizaveta , Moiseeva Olga
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION:

The choice of treatment strategy in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH)/HPAH/DPAH (Hereditary pulmonary arterial hypertension/ Drug-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension) II-III functional class (FC) (WHO) based on an acute vasoreactive testing result (VRT). Positive VRT (VRT+) is an indication for calcium channel blockers therapy. Long-term vasoresponders demonstrate sustained low-risk status and the highest survival among all PH subtypes.

THE STUDY AIMED:

To characterize VRT performance in IPAH patients and differences in presentation between patients with positive, negative VRT, and patients with not done VRT due to physicians’ decision.

METHODS:

One hundred and sixty-six adult IPAH patients (44.2 ± 15.3 years, 34 males) comprised into prospective single-center study between 2008 and 2023 years. Inhaled iloprost was used for VRT. Positive VRT was defined with established Sitbon criteria. Standard baseline pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) evaluation including cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) was performed. Risk status was evaluated using ESC/ERS (European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society) risk scale 2015. Survival was assessed with the Kaplan–Mayer method.

RESULTS:

Eighty-five (51.2%) patients underwent VRT. VRT not done (ND VRT) due to the physicians’ decision in 26.7% patients, due to the technical inability in 15.4% and IV FC (WHO) in 16.2% patients. Positive VRT registered in 26 (15.6%) patients. Patients with negative VRT demonstrated worse hemodynamics and exercise tolerance, higher N-terminal pro-brain-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level, and right heart dilatation compared with VRT+. Patients with ND VRT due to the physicians decision were often older than 60 years, had higher body mass index, symptoms of right heart failure, hemoptysis, arrhythmias, high NT-proBNP, and hemodynamic criteria of high risk in comparison with patients with done VRT. Some CPET parameters were similar between VRT + group and patients ND VRT group. Loss of vasoreactivity and PAH worsening were detected in 50% of VRT + patients in a 1.76 year of follow-up. Patients with vasoreactivity loss exhibited the criteria of intermediate risk at a baseline. Five-year survival was 97% in VRT + group in comparison with 61% in VRT − and 53% in ND VRT group.

CONCLUSIONS:

Physicians’ decision was the most common reason for not doing VRT in IPAH patients. Intermediate high-risk criteria presence at a baseline were associated with not done VRT due to physicians decision, negative VRT, and the vasoreactivity loss during the follow-up. CPET should be used more widely to detect the early signs of PAH progression in low risk or VRT + patients.
Management of refractory postpneumonectomy empyema with bronchopleural fistula
Authors: Kesaev Oleg Shamilevich , Giller Dmitry Borisovich , Saenko Sergey Sergeevich , Pahlevani Elham , Severova Lyudmila Petrovna
Published: January 2025

A 39-year-old female has postoperative empyema with bronchial stump fistula (BSF) after pneumonectomy due to ineffective tuberculosis chemotherapy. Transpleural reamputation of the right main bronchial stump with simultaneous 8-rib thoracoplasty, 6 attempts at endobronchial valve implantation and thoracostomy have failed to cure BSF and empyema. Consequently, an alternative treatment-transsternal transpericardial wedge-shaped resection of the tracheal bifurcation was performed despite its difficulty and was successful. This clinical case demonstrates the complications of BSF with tuberculosis empyema treatment in spite of there existing many alternative therapies. The need for new more effective treatments is highlighted, as well as safe and less technically difficult interventions which could assist patients with BSF.
Meta-analysis - interpretation of forest plots: A wood for the trees
Authors: Sarkar Soumya , Baidya Dalim Kumar
Published: January 2025

A forest plot is a graphical tool to visualise and interpret the summary of estimated results in a meta-analysis. However, it is limited by its inability to control for random error, publication bias, heterogeneity, and confounding factors. Therefore, the interpretation can be misleading, resulting in flawed conclusions. A careful interpretation and other complementing techniques are necessary to comprehensively summarise evidence in meta-analyses, reducing the risk of erroneous conclusions. The present review explores the components of forest plots, how to interpret them correctly, fundamental limitations, and techniques to mitigate them, along with examples to provide practical insights to ensure more accurate and reliable meta-analytic results.
Various biases in systematic review and meta-analysis and their assessment
Authors: Nair Abhijit S. , Borkar Nitin K.
Published: January 2025

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses synthesise existing evidence for clinical and scientific decision-making. Clinicians and researchers need to understand how to interpret the evidence with the bias involved, as well as the various available tools and how to use them when performing a systematic review. The validity of systematic reviews and meta-analyses depends on comprehensive assessment and mitigation of biases. Biases have the potential to compromise the validity and reliability of results. By being aware of and addressing these different biases, researchers and clinicians can more confidently interpret findings and increase the impact and dependability of their conclusions. The article discusses the biases involved in systematic reviews and meta-analyses and various ways to assess them.
Evaluating the efficacy of cavity disinfection using methylene blue dye with 660-nm diode laser on primary molars: An in vivo study
Authors: Anvekar Mitaj Pandharinath , Virupaxi Shruti Girish , Yavagal Chandrashekar , Kulkarni Sadanand , Pai Ramya , Patil Viplavi Vijaysinh Chavan
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of methylene blue dye with 660-nm diode laser in cavity disinfection and to compare the total bacterial count in dentinal samples preexcavation, postexcavation, and postdisinfection. The study design was experimental in vivo.

Materials and Methods:

Fifteen children aged 5–12 years with 15 primary molars requiring atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) were selected. Dentinal samples were collected from the carious tooth with a sterile spoon excavator three times, i.e., before caries excavation (preexcavation), after hand excavation of caries (postexcavation), and after doing laser photodynamic therapy with methylene blue dye and 660-nm diode laser (postdisinfection) and sent for microbiological analysis. The samples were transported in reduced transport fluid. The total bacterial count was carried out by an experienced microbiologist immediately after reporting.

Results:

A significant number of bacteria was present after hand excavation of caries using ART. The bacterial count significantly reduced postlaser disinfection. The total viable bacterial count was reduced to 87.17% with hand excavation of caries, whereas it was reduced to 98.59% postlaser disinfection using methylene blue dye with 660-nm diode laser.

Conclusion:

It was seen that ART cannot eliminate all the microorganisms. Methylene blue dye with a 660-nm diode laser was able to reduce the total bacterial count and can be effectively used as an antimicrobial cavity disinfectant.
Efficacy of different endodontic irrigants in the lesion sterilization and tissue repair technique in primary molars: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Dimri Anukriti , Srivastava Nikhil , Rana Vivek , Kaushik Noopur
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim:

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of different endodontic irrigants employed in the lesion sterilization and tissue repair (LSTR) technique.

Methods:

Forty children aged 4–8 years having at least one primary molar with irreversible pulpitis/pulpal necrosis indicated for pulpectomy were included. Participants were randomly divided into three test groups (Group A, B, and C) and one control group (Group D). After caries excavation using a spoon excavator, superficial pulp was removed under topical anesthesia in all groups. Following this, pulpal floor was irrigated using different endodontic irrigants in each group: Group A – 20% propolis, Group B – 2% sodium hypochlorite, Group C – 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, and Group D (control) – saline. Alternate 3-Mix (triple antibiotic paste containing metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and amoxicillin) was then placed over the pulpal floor and the teeth were restored with glass ionomer cement followed by stainless steel crown. Patients were recalled at follow-up periods up to 18 months for clinical and radiographic evaluation. Repeated-measures ANOVA test, Chi-square test, and independent t-test were used for statistical analysis.

Results:

Clinical success was achieved in all treated teeth, with the results showing statistical significance (P < 0.05). In addition, Group C showed best clinical results. Statistically significant results (P < 0.05) were obtained in reduction in size of furcation radiolucency, with Group B showing the best results compared to other groups. Statistically significant results (P < 0.05) were obtained in terms of rate of root resorption in all teeth, with Group C showing least resorption compared to other groups.

Conclusions:

The use of endodontic irrigant before the placement of alternate 3-Mix is an effective step for the improved success of LSTR technique in primary teeth, with chlorhexidine showing the best success rate.
Effectiveness of school dental screening programme and different referral mechanisms on caries experience among 6–11-year-old children
Authors: Himabindu Bankuru , Uloopi K. S. , Vinay C. , Chaitanya Penmatsa , Ravigna Peddi , Chandana N.
Published: January 2025

Background:

School-based dental screening and referral mechanism is a potential intervention that impacts utilization of dental services.

Aim:

The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of school dental screening programme with referral to specific dental hospital on caries experience among 6–11-year-old children.

Settings and Design:

A cluster randomized control trial was conducted with 694 children assigned to test group (n = 351) and control group (n = 343).

Materials and Methods:

Children in test group were referred to specific dental hospital, while those of control group to nonspecific dental hospital for treatments.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Wilcoxon test and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for intragroup and intergroup comparison of decayed, missing, filled teeth/decayed, extraction needed, filled teeth scores.

Results:

A statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) in decayed (dt + DT) and filled (ft + FT) teeth scores was observed on intergroup comparison at 12 months. There was a significant increase in filled teeth (FT) scores in children of both the groups. However, the decayed teeth (dt + DT) scores were significantly decreased in children of test group (P < 0.001), while increased in control group (P = 0.004).

Conclusion:

School dental screening programs with referral to specific dental hospital had a highly significant impact in reducing decayed teeth and increasing the number of FT 27 in children.
Comparison of Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation, acidogenicity, and buffering capacity among human breast milk, plain packaged bovine milk, sweetened bovine milk, and infant formula: An in vitro study
Authors: Pradhan Shreya , Yadav Gunjan , Saha Sonali , Dhinsa Kavita , Sharma Anshul , Rai Amit
Published: January 2025

Context:

Human milk provides nutrients for newborns, while breastfeeding is preferred, formula feeding can also provide necessary nutrition and after weaning, individuals of all ages frequently drink bovine milk. Bovine and human milk contain lactose as a carbohydrate source, and infant milk formulas are also designed the same. However, lactose is fermentable by Streptococcus mutans, much like sucrose but to a lower extent.

Aim:

This study aims to compare the S. mutans biofilm formation, acidogenicity and buffering capacity among human milk, plain packaged bovine milk (PBM), sweetened PBM, and infant formula (IF).

Settings and Design:

Microbiological assays, experiments on biofilm formation, acidogenicity and buffering capacity were conducted six times.

Subjects and Methods:

Ten distinct solutions were used: Plain PBM, sweetened bovine milk (SBM), IF, human breast milk (HBM), brain–heart infusion (BHI) with added 10% sucrose (BHI), and five duplicate solutions containing S. mutans culture. Biofilm formation - Biofilm development was evaluated on 96-polystyrene flat bottom plates. Biofilm acidogenicity - pH of the biofilms was determined by dipping in pH meter. Buffering capacity -0.01 M hydrochloric acid was added to every sample until pH reduction of two units was achieved.

Statistical Analysis Used:

One-way ANOVA test, Tukey’s post hoc test, independent Student’s t-test were performed. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:

SBM had highest optical density (OD) value and HBM least. PBM had the highest pH and SBM least. PBM had highest B value (Buffering) and HBM least.

Conclusion:

Cariogenicity of both HBM and PBM were shown to be just marginal although differing from sucrose.
Psychometric evaluation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Konkani version of the Oral Health-related Early Childhood Quality of Life (OH-ECQoL) scale
Authors: Fijardo Elaine Valansa , Barretto Elaine Savia , Swamy Dinesh Francis , Borkar Richa , de Ataide Ida de Noronha
Published: January 2025

Context:

The oral health-related early childhood quality of life (OH-ECQoL) tool, designed to evaluate how dental issues affect preschoolers’ and their family’s quality of life (QoL), has been translated and validated in many languages. However, it has not yet been adapted into the Konkani language.

Aim:

Cross-cultural adaptation of OH-ECQoL tool for use in the Konkani-speaking population in the state of Goa among primary caregivers of children aged 24–71 months.

Settings and Design:

This cross-sectional was conducted at Goa Dental College and Hospital.

Subjects and Methods:

The study was divided into a forward–backward translation phase and a psychometric-testing phase of the Konkani version of OH-ECQoL (K-OH-ECQoL) scale. Two hundred and forty children aged 24–71 months were recruited and clinically examined for dental caries and their caregivers completed the K-OH-ECQoL questionnaire. Reliability was assessed in a subsample of 24 participants after a 2-week interval.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Construct, discriminant, and criterion validity were evaluated. Reliability and internal consistency were measured using the intraclass correlation (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, respectively. Furthermore, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and cross-cultural validity were evaluated.

Results:

Concurrent validity showed a strong significant correlation between the global rating of oral health and total K-OH-ECQoL score. Convergent validity demonstrated a moderate positive significant correlation between the items. K-OH-ECQoL scores were significantly associated with the caries severity, indicating a good discriminant validity. Test–retest reliability was 0.86 and internal consistency was 0.873. CFA indicated an acceptable fit. Cross-cultural validity showed very good item discrimination. A moderate correlation was found between CAMBRA-123 scores and overall K-OH-ECQoL score and between CAMBRA-123 scores and child impact section.

Conclusions:

The study confirmed that the K-OH-ECQoL is a valid and reliable tool with good psychometric properties for evaluating the impact of early childhood caries on the QoL of preschool children aged 24–71 months and their families.
Effectiveness of visual pedagogy in improving toothbrushing skills, oral hygiene and gingival health among children with autism– A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Subhashree T. , Yashoda R. , Puranik Manjunath P.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disability that diminishes social interactions and communication. Maintaining good oral hygiene in them is a significant task.

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a toothbrushing visual pedagogy (TBVP) in improving brushing skills, oral hygiene, and gingival status among children with autism.

Materials and Methods:

This cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted among 200 children with autism, aged 6–17 years. TBVP and conventional oral hygiene instructions were administered as an intervention in the test group (TBVP). The control group (oral health education [OHE]) received conventional oral hygiene instructions. Assessment of toothbrushing skills, plaque, and gingival status were carried out at baseline, 30-, 60-, and 90-days. The data were analyzed using t-tests in SPSS version 26 software at P < 0.05.

Results:

At baseline, there was no significant difference between the groups in toothbrushing skills, plaque, and gingival scores. Postintervention, there was a significant improvement in the TBVP group compared to the OHE group. At 90 days, the mean toothbrushing scores of TBVP group were significantly higher (22.49 ± 6.70) than the OHE group (18.35 ± 6.82). Plaque scores were significantly lower (1.31 ± 0.48) in the TBVP group than the OHE group (1.47 ± 0.50). Gingival scores were significantly lower (1.38 ± 0.48) in the TBVP group than the OHE group (1.56 ± 0.51) (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The TBVP was effective in improving the toothbrushing skills, oral hygiene, and gingival health of the children with autism. Hence, it can be used for behavioural guidance in toothbrushing for these children to maintain their oral hygiene.
A comparative evaluation of the effects of white noise, brown noise, and pink noise on dental anxiety of pediatric patients undergoing dental extraction treatment: A randomized control study
Authors: Kolhe Sayali , Dialani Pooja , Bondarde Prashant , Pande Rukmini , Patil Prajakta , Vishwakarma Aruna Prashanth
Published: January 2025

Background:

Audio-analgesia is one of the unexplored aspects of behavior management in pediatric dentistry, and recently, there have been many new inclusions in shades of noise that were previously just limited to white noise, like brown noise and pink noise.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of white noise, brown noise, and pink noise on dental anxiety in pediatric patients undergoing primary tooth extraction.

Study Settings and Design:

Multiarm, triple-blinded, parallel-group randomized controlled trial.

Materials and Method:

Forty children belonging to the age group of 8–12 years having their first dental visit with primary teeth indicated for extraction were included in our study. We evenly divided the 40 children into four groups: Group A (white noise), Group B (pink noise), Group C (brown noise), and Group D (cartoon music), which served as the control. We assessed the patient’s anxiety using Venham’s Picture Test and a pulse oximeter, as well as their pain using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) both preoperatively and postoperatively. We also noted changes in the patient’s pulse after administering local anesthesia.

Results:

All groups have shown significant differences in dental anxiety and pain, preoperatively and postoperatively, but pink noise was found to be effective even in maintaining pulse rate intraoperatively.

Conclusion:

In pediatric dentistry, audio distraction is an innovative, noninvasive, and effective behavior management technique that can effectively manage dental anxiety in children.

Registration:

The Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI) has prospectively registered the study under the CTRI number CTRI/2024/01/061679.
Identifying the Underlying Relationship of Emotional Intelligence, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment among Nurses: A Literature Review
Authors: Othman Mutaz Ibrahim , Khalifeh Anas , Nashwan Abdulqadir J.
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Nurses’ emotional responses to work and emotional regulation abilities can affect many workplace characteristics. The nursing profession places a premium on emotional intelligence (EI) due to its impact on job satisfaction (JS), organizational commitment (OC), and teamwork. However, the specific relationship between EI, JS, and OC among nurses warrants further exploration.

PURPOSE:

This review aims to address the gap in understanding the significance of the relationship between EI, JS, and OC among nurses.

METHODS:

To fill in gaps in understanding and offer novel insights, this review used a literature review to pinpoint major themes in the relationship between EI, JS, and OC among nurses. All studies were extracted and analyzed based on applicable inclusion criteria.

RESULTS:

The literature review included a total of eight studies in the final sample, highlighting the vital importance of EI, JS, and OC in the field of nursing. Numerous studies consistently demonstrate a positive relationship between EI and OC among nurses, with EI positively affecting the quality of nursing care. Gender and qualifications significantly influence EI and OC among nurses, with educational qualifications impacting EI and competencies among nurses. These insights are valuable for healthcare organizations seeking to enhance nurse retention, well-being, and organizational success.

CONCLUSION:

The synthesized themes provide an exhaustive review of the relationship between EI, JS, and OC among nurses. This review offers an understanding of the various factors and dynamics that impact this relationship. The findings highlight the significance of incorporating EI, JS, and OC into nursing strategies and practice. This offers benefits for leadership and offers information about potential directions for future studies.