bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stari Grad na otoku Hvaru u hrvatskom narodnom preporodu – upravne strukture i politički život
Authors: Franetović Marijo
Published: September 2021

Uvodno se definira propast Mletačke Republike 1797., prva austrijska (1797. – 1806.) i francuska uprava (1806. – 1813.) nakon koje mletački posjedi (Mletačka Dalmacija i Boka kotorska) te nekadašnja Dubrovačka Republika dolaze u vlast Habsburške Monarhije koja formira upravnu jedinicu – Kraljevinu Dalmaciju, izravno podvrgnutu Beču.
Slijedi prikaz ustrojstva uprave i sudstva, političkih prilika do 1848. i 1861. kada se putem Dalmatinskog sabora uvode elementi parlamentarne demokracije i lokalne samouprave. kao i rezultati saborskih i općinskih izbora. Do pada Bachova neoapsolutizma 1861. općine nisu izbornopredstavničke ustanove. Nastaju dvije političke opcije, jedna se protivi ujedinjenju Dalmacije s Hrvatskom, traži talijanski jezik kao službeni, ističući isprva slavo-dalmatinski, a kasnije talijanski identitet (talijanaši, autonomaši). Nasuprot njima, dio građanstva, pretežito pučkog podrijetla, afirmira hrvatski identitet, traži sjedinjenje Dalmacije s Hrvatskom i Slavonijom, te uvođenje hrvatskog jezika u upravu, sudstvo, školstvo (narodnjaci, aneksionisti). Beč podupire autonomaše, ne želeći hrvatsku nacionalnu i državnu integraciju. Narodnjaci zbog izbornog sustava gube izbore za Dalmatinski sabor 1861. i 1864. godine, ali pobjeđuju na prvim općinskim izborima 1865. – 1868., a 1870. i na izborima za Sabor.
U trećem dijelu obrađuju se specifičnosti Starog Grada u kojem se afirmacija narodnjaka odvija sporije. Stari Grad je od 1823. općina, dio kotara Hvar, a od 1852. sjedište kotarskog suda. Ugled mjesnih liječnika autonomaša (Gazzari i Nisiteo) poveo je mlađu generaciju hrvatskih pučana u njihov tabor, iako neki od vodećih narodnjaka podrijetlo vode iz Starog Grada (Vranković, Biankini i Ljubić). Narodnjaci pobjeđuju 1887. kada se afirmirala sljedeća generacija hrvatske inteligencije, sinova težaka, ribara i pomoraca ojačala razvojem gospodarstva – vinske trgovine i pomorstva u drugoj polovici 19. stoljeća.
The Visegrad Group in the Russian Foreign Policy Planning and Mass Media (1991–2018)
Authors: Danielova Tatiana A.
Published: September 2021

The article examines the role and place of the Visegrad Group countries, as well as the Central European region as a whole, in the foreign policy planning of Russia in 1991–2018. Based on the historical and genetic method to create a holistic image of the region’s perception, the article analyzes the step-by-step changes that have occurred in the minds of the highest political leadership and the public in relation to it since the times of the USSR (1968–1985, 1985–1991, 1991–1995, 1996–1999, 2000–2008, 2008–2018). This method is supplemented by media content analysis, which makes it possible to identify approaches to cooperation between Russia and the Visegrad countries not only at the official level, but also in the public space. The article also analyses growth and decline of the level of Russian mass media interest in this topic, taking into consideration the newsbreaks that arose in the field of bilateral interaction, as well as on the global agenda of this period. The research rests on the study of the foreign policy concepts of the Russian Federation (1993, 2000, 2008, 2013, 2016) and its concept of national security (1997), speeches, records of conversations of Russian and Western politicians, media articles and news reports.
Snake-like mythological characters of Shandong province (China) in comparision with Serbian ones
Authors: Hu Liu
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the snake-like mythological characters, found in the mythology of Chinese Shandong province in comparison with South Slavic word on the example of the Serbian tradition. The article presents an analysis of the names of mythological characters through the two languages on the basis of the ethnic tradition. The images of snake-like mythological characters, etiological legends, local rituals and folk customs in the Shandong province and the Serbian tradition are also considered. This study shows how the mythological perception of reality is reflected in the cultural code and in the language picture of the world. The characters can be divided according to the appearance into zoomorphic and anthropomorphic ones. The names of various snake-like characters, corresponding to the presentational carrier of the ethnic culture in Shandong province and Serbia, show typological and individual differences. In the analysis of cultural vocabulary common linguistic phenomena were found, such as taboo words, euphemisms, etc. In the mythology of Shandong province and Serbia, the images of snake-like characters have similarities and differences, reflecting the human perception and cognitive process. The study uses the methodology of the Moscow ethnolinguistics school, aimed at the reconstruction of spiritual culture.
“Sales leaders” or “prize-winning books”: tastes and preferences of the Slovak reader
Authors: Shirokova Liudmila F.
Published: September 2021

The book market in Slovakia is very rich and diverse; it presents works of various genres and themes, aimed at readers with a variety of tastes. The article discusses approaches to the evaluation of literary products, on the one hand, from the point of view of the reading public, and, on the other hand, the members of the juries of a number of literary prizes awarded annually in the country. The largest Slovak publishing houses and bookstores conduct monitoring, constantly updating their data on the best-selling books. Among the bestsellers are, as a rule, works of popular genres, including detective stories, women’s novels, political thrillers, novels with elements of mysticism. Other criteria are put forward by the jury of prestigious literary competitions, first of all, the Anasoft Litera Award for the best original prose literary work in the Slovak language. In more detail, the article discusses the books of the winners in the recent years. These are Ondrej Štefánik (the novel “I am Paula”, 2016), Ivan Medeši (the collection of short stories “Eating”, 2018), Jana Sabuchová (the novel “Whisperers”, 2019). Etela Farkašová’s novel “The Script” (2017), due to its high artistic merits and humanistic orientation, was a great success with both critics and readers.
A travelogue of the second degree: “The Letters from Norway” by Isidora Sekulić as a pretext of the book about Norway of Vida Ognjenović
Authors: Bodrova Anna G.
Published: September 2021

The work of the Serbian writer Vida Ognjenović “A Travel to a Travelogue” (2004) is dedicated to her stay in Norway and the perception of this country through the prism of the well-known Serbian travelogue “The Letters from Norway” (1914) by Isidora Sekulić. Ognjenović’s text contains not only impressions of life in Norway, but also a reflection on the travelogue genre, on the text of her predecessor and the controversy caused by Sekulić’s work. Within the framework of Serbian literature, “The Letters from Norway” became a hypotext for the perception of Norwegian culture. In addition to the extensive metatextual layer Ognjenović’s work contains “The Letters to Isidorа Sekulić from Norway”, in which the author addresses her predecessor in an epistolary form and tells her about the trip to Norway. Having studied the Norwegian route of Sekulić in detail, Ognjenović decided to repeat it and to share her impressions with an imaginary Sekulić. The hypertext by Ognjenović offers not only a new reading of the Sekulić’s travelogue, which has become a reference book for Serbian emigrants in Norway, but also contains a bold assumption that Sekulić’s “Letters” were addressed to the famous critic Jovan Skerlić, who would later call the writer “Scandiphile”, and would condemn her for lack of patriotism. Ognjenović’s travelogue with its intense intertextual connections and palimpsest elements has pronounced features of a postmodern text, but does not completely fit into the paradigm of postmodernism, occupying a borderline position between the veneration of Logos, of authority and the postmodern irony.
An International Round Table “The name of a country: Belarus and its naming in the world’s languages”
Authors: Barinov Igor I. , Korotkova Darya A.
Published: September 2021

Review of the International Round Table “The name of a country: Belarus and its naming in the world’s languages”
Effects of Stretching on Injury Risk Reduction and Balance
Authors: Behm David G. , Kay Anthony D. , Trajano Gabriel S. , Alizadeh Shahab , Blazevich Anthony J.
Published: September 2021

Evidence for the effectiveness of acute and chronic stretching for improving range of motion is extensive. Improved flexibility can positively impact performances in activities of daily living and both physical and mental health. However, less is known about the effects of stretching on other aspects of health such as injury incidence and balance. The objective of this review is to examine the existing literature in these areas. The review highlights that both pre-exercise and chronic stretching can reduce musculotendinous injury incidence, particularly in running-based sports, which may be related to the increased force available at longer muscle lengths (altered force-length relationship) or reduced active musculotendinous stiffness, among other factors. Evidence regarding the acute effects of stretching on balance is equivocal. Longer-term stretch training can improve balance, which may contribute to a decreased incidence of falls and associated injuries and may thus be recommended as an important exercise modality in those with balance deficits. Hence, both acute and chronic stretching seem to have positive effects on injury incidence and balance, but optimum training plans are yet to be defined.
Sprint Interval Training: Recovery Format, Enjoyment and Blood Pressure in Inactive Men
Authors: Kriel Yuri , Kerhervé Hugo A. , David Askew Christopher , Solomon Colin
Published: September 2021

Background:

While the efficacy of sprint interval training (SIT) to provide positive health effects in inactive populations is established, feasibility is associated with enjoyment and safety, which are dependent on the acute physiological and perceptual responses. The recovery format likely influences physiological and perceptual responses that occur during and immediately after SIT. It was hypothesized that during SIT interspersed with active recovery periods, enjoyment and blood pressure (BP) values would be higher compared with passive recovery periods, in inactive participants.

Methods:

Twelve males (mean ± SD; age 23 ± 3 y) completed 3 exercise sessions on a cycle ergometer in a randomized order on separate days: (a) SIT with passive recovery periods between 4 bouts (SITPASS), (b) SIT with active recovery periods between 4 bouts (SITACT), and (c) SITACT with the 4 SIT bouts replaced with passive periods. BP was measured immediately after each bout and every 2 min during a 6 min recovery. Physical activity enjoyment was measured during postexercise recovery.

Results:

There were no significant differences in physical activity enjoyment or systolic BP between SITPASS and SITACT. Diastolic BP was lower during recovery in SITACT (P = 0.025) and SITPASS (P = 0.027), compared with resting BP. Furthermore, diastolic BP was lower after 6 min of recovery following SITPASS, compared with SITACT (P = 0.01).

Conclusion:

Exercise enjoyment and acute systolic BP responses were independent of SIT recovery format in inactive men. Reductions in diastolic BP were greater and more prolonged after SIT protocols that included passive recovery periods.
Differential expression of fibronectin type III domain containing 5 in human epithelial ovarian cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2021

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer (1). We performed discovery of genes associated with epithelial ovarian cancer and of the high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) subtype, using published and public microarray data (2, 3) to compare global gene expression profiles of normal ovary or fallopian tube with that of primary tumors from women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer or HGSC. We identified the gene encoding fibronectin type III domain containing 5, FNDC5, as among the genes whose expression was most different in epithelial ovarian cancer as compared to the normal fallopian tube. FNDC5 expression was significantly lower in high-grade serous ovarian tumors relative to normal fallopian tube. These data indicate that expression of FNDC5 is perturbed in epithelial ovarian cancers broadly and in ovarian cancers of the HGSC subtype. FNDC5 may be relevant to pathways underlying ovarian cancer initiation (transformation) or progression.
Accounting for Item Response Process and Response Styles Using the Unfolding Item Response Tree (UIRTree) Model
Authors: Li Zhaojun , Zhang Bo , Cao Mengyang , Tay Louis
Published: September 2021

Many researchers have found that unfolding models may better represent how respondents answer Liker-type items and response styles (RSs) often have moderate to strong presence in responses to such items. However, the two research lines have been growing largely in parallel. The present study proposed an unfolding item response tree (UIRTree) model that can account for unfolding response process and RSs simultaneously. An empirical illustration showed that the UIRTree model could fit a personality dataset well and produced more reasonable parameter estimates. Strong presence of the extreme response style (ERS) was also revealed by the UIRTree model. We further conducted a Monte Carlo simulation study to examine the performance of the UIRTree model compared to three other models for Likert-scale responses: the Samejima’s graded response model, the generalized graded unfolding model, and the dominance item response tree (DIRTree) model. Results showed that when data followed unfolding response process and contained the ERS, the AIC was able to select the UIRTree model, while BIC was biased towards the DIRTree model in many conditions. In addition, model parameters in the UIRTree model could be accurately recovered under realistic conditions, and wrongly assuming the item response process or ignoring RSs was detrimental to the estimation of key parameters. In general, the UIRTree model is expected to help in better understanding of responses to Liker-type items theoretically and contribute to better scale development practically. Future studies on multi-trait UIRTree models and UIRTree models accounting for different types of RSs are expected.
Image Variability and Face Matching
Authors: Gogan Taylor Diarmuid , Beaudry Jennifer L , Oldmeadow Julian
Published: September 2021

This study investigates whether variability in perceived trait judgements disrupts our ability to match unfamiliar faces. In this preregistered study, 174 participants completed a face matching task where they were asked to indicate whether two face images belonged to the same person or different people (17,748 total data points). Participants completed 51 match trials consisting of images of the same person that differed substantially on one trait (either trustworthiness, dominance, or attractiveness) with minimal differences in the alternate traits. Participants also completed 51 mismatch trials which contained two photos of similar-looking individuals. We hypothesised that participants would make more errors on match trials when images differed in terms of attractiveness ratings than those that differed on trustworthiness or dominance. Contrary to expectations, images that differed in terms of attractiveness were matched most accurately, and there was no relationship between the extent of attractiveness differences and accuracy. There was some evidence that differences in perceived dominance and, to a lesser extent, trustworthiness was associated with lower face matching performance. However, these relationships were not significant when alternate traits were accounted for. The findings of our study suggest that face matching performance is largely robust against variation in trait judgements. fi
DAMPAK SAMPAH TERHADAP KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN DAN MANUSIA
Authors: Mulyati
Published: September 2021

Pada saat ini sampah selalu menjadi segala sesuatu yang memang dianggap semua orangsudah kotor dan memang harus dibuang ke tempat bak sampah. Karena apabila sampah tersebutdibuang dengan sembarang tempat makan akan menimbulkan sumber pada pencemaran ditempatnya pun bukan tetapi ini akan menjadi lebih baik atau sudah terselesaikan,dengan begituakan muncul lagi masalah terbaru pada saat pembuangan sampah terakhir. Artikel ini bertujuanuntuk menjelaskan bahwa penting nya kita untuk mengetahui dalam pengelolaan sampah sertadampak nya bagi lingkungan sekitar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penilitan ini adalah MetodeKualitatif. yang di mana dengan studi literatur yaitu penelitian yang ditemukan dari sumber datayang diperoleh melalu berbagai sumber buku – buku , jurnal – jurnal ilmiah yang berkaitandengan masalah yang akan dibahas. Dari Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sampah ini tidakharus dibuang semestinya tetapi kita juga harus bisa mengelola dan membedakan sampah yangakan bermanfaat dan bisa menjadikan sesuatu yang berguna dan bernilai ekonomi. Demikianpada persepsi tentang sampah meski harus dirubah dari yang harus dibuang dapat dijadikansebuah karya yang bermanfaat.
Reusing Interactive Analysis Workflows
Authors: Gadhave Kiran , Cutler Zach , Lex Alexander
Published: September 2021

Interactive visual analysis has many advantages, but has the disadvantage that analysis processes and workflows cannot be easily stored and reused, which is in contrast to scripted analysis workflows using a programming language such as Python. In this paper, we introduce methods to semantically capture workflows in interactive visualization systems for different interactions such as selections, filters, categorizing/grouping, labeling, and aggregation. We design these workflows to be robust to updates in the dataset by capturing the semantics of underlying interactions, and, hence, they can be applied to updated datasets. We demonstrate this specification using a prototype that visualizes the data, shows interaction provenance, and allows generating workflows from this provenance. Finally, we introduce a Python library that can consume the workflow and apply it to the datasets, providing a seamless bridge between computational workflows and interactive visualization tools. We demonstrate our techniques using our UI prototype and Jupyter notebooks.
Robot’s social gaze affects conflict resolution but not conflict adaptations
Authors: Ciardo Francesca , Wykowska Agnieszka
Published: September 2021

Robots are a new category of social agents that, thanks to their embodiment, can be used to train and support cognitive skills such as cognitive control. Several studies showed that cognitive control mechanisms are sensitive to affective states induced by humor, mood, and symbolic feedback such as monetary rewards. In the present study, we investigated whether the social gaze of a humanoid robot can affect cognitive control mechanisms. To this end, in two experiments, we evaluated both the conflict resolution and trial-by-trial adaptations during an auditory Simon task, as a function of the type of feedback participants received in the previous trial from the iCub robot, namely, mutual or avoiding gaze behaviour. Across three experiments, we compared the effect of mutual, avoiding (Exp1 and Exp2), and neutral (Exp3) gaze feedback between screen-based (Exp1) and physically embodied setups (Exp2 and Exp3). Results showed that iCub’s social gaze feedback modulated conflict resolution, but not conflict adaptations. Specifically, the Simon effect was increased following mutual gaze feedback from iCub. Moreover, the modulatory effect was observed for the embodied setup in which the robot could engage or avoid eye contact in real-time (Exp2) but not for the screen-based setting (Exp1). Our findings showed for the first time that social feedback in Human-Robot Interaction, such as social gaze, can be used to modulate cognitive control. The results highlight the advantage of using robots to evaluate and train complex cognitive skills in both healthy and clinical populations.
Anthony Bourdain's long-burning suicidal wick -- in his own words
Authors: Richters John E.
Published: September 2021

As Bourdain continued to struggle publicly with his demons over the years, he also became increasingly comfortable with the idea of suicide as potential exit strategy. He became particularly comfortable with the idea of hanging himself as an option, and was especially drawn to the idea of hanging himself in the shower. Sufficiently comfortable that he referred casually and explicitly to killing himself in this way throughout his professional career. Not occasionally, but frequently. A cursory review of his public statements over the years reveals 19 separate occasions— in writing, during interviews, and on camera— on which he refers to suicide by hanging. On the vast majority of these occasions he refers explicitly to hanging himself in the shower, on 1 occasion more specifically to hanging himself in the shower of his hotel room, and on 1 occasion even more specifically to hanging himself in the shower stall of his lonely hotel room:
An integrative effort : Bridging motivational intensity theory and recent neurocomputational and neuronal models of effort and control allocation
Authors: Silvestrini Nicolas , Musslick Sebastian , Berry Anne S. , Vassena Eliana
Published: September 2021

An increasing number of cognitive, neurobiological and computational models have been proposed in the last decade, seeking to explain how humans allocate physical or cognitive effort. Most models share conceptual similarities with motivational intensity theory (MIT), an influential classic psychological theory of motivation. Yet, little effort has been made to integrate such models, which remain confined within the explanatory level for which they were developed, i.e. psychological, computational, neurobiological and neuronal. In this critical review, we derive novel analyses of three recent computational and neuronal models of effort allocation—the expected value of control (EVC) theory, the reinforcement metalearner (RML) model, and the neuronal model of attentional effort— and establish a formal relationship between these models and MIT. Our analyses reveal striking similarities between predictions made by these models, with a shared key tenet: a non-monotonic relationship between perceived task difficulty and effort mobilization, following a saw-tooth or inverted-U shape. In addition, the models converge on the proposition that the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) may be responsible for determining the allocation of effort and cognitive control. We conclude by discussing the distinct contributions and strengths of each theory toward understanding neurocomputational processes of effort allocation. Finally, we highlight the necessity for a unified understanding of effort allocation, by drawing novel connections between different theorizing of adaptive effort allocation as described by the presented models.
Measuring Voluntary Control Over Hallucinations: The Yale Control Over Perceptual Experiences (COPE) Scales
Authors: Mourgues Catalina , Hammer Allison , Fisher Victoria , Kafadar Eren , Quagan Brittany , Bien Claire , Jaeger Hale , Thomas Rigi , Sibarium Ely , Negreira Alyson , Sarisik Elif , Polisetty Vasishta , Eken Hatice Nur , Imtiaz Ayyub , Niles Halsey , Sheldon Andrew , powers albert
Published: September 2021

Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) frequently cause significant distress and dysfunction, and may be unresponsive to conventional treatments. Some voice-hearers report an ability to fully control the onset and offset of their AVH, making them significantly less disruptive. Measuring and understanding these abilities may lead to novel interventions to enhance control over AVH.52 voice-hearers participated in the pilot study. 318 participants with frequent AVH participated in the validation study. A pool of 59 items was developed by a diverse team including voice-hearers and clinicians. After the pilot study, 35 items were retained. Factorial structure was assessed with exploratory (EFA, n = 148) and confirmatory (CFA, n = 170) factor analyses. Reliability and convergent validity were assessed using a comprehensive battery of validated phenomenological and clinical scales. CFA supported two factors for a Methods of Control Scale (5 items each, average ω = .87), and one factor for a Degree of Control Scale (8 items, average ω = .95). Correlation with clinical measures supported convergent validity. Degree of control was associated with positive clinical outcomes in voice-hearers both with and without a psychosis-spectrum diagnosis. Degree of control also varied with quality of life independently of symptom severity and AVH content.The Yale COPE Scales are the first measure of voice-hearers’ control over AVH and exhibit sound psychometric properties. Results demonstrate that the capacity to voluntarily control AVH is independently associated with positive clinical outcomes. Reliable measurement of control over AVH will enable future development of interventions meant to bolster that control.
Explicit and implicit timing in older adults: Dissociable associations with age and cognitive decline
Authors: Capizzi Mariagrazia , Visalli Antonino , Faralli Alessio , Mioni Giovanna
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to test two common explanations for the general finding of age-related changes in temporal processing. The first one is that older adults have a real difficulty in processing temporal information as compared to younger adults. The second one is that older adults perform poorly on timing tasks because of their reduced cognitive functioning. These explanations have been mostly contrasted in explicit timing tasks, where participants are overtly informed about the temporal nature of the task. Fewer studies have instead focused on age-related differences in implicit timing tasks, where no explicit instructions to process time are provided. Moreover, the comparison of both explicit and implicit timing in older adults has been restricted to healthy aging only. Here, a large sample (N= 85) of healthy and pathological older participants completed explicit (time bisection) and implicit (foreperiod) timing tasks. Participants’ age and general cognitive functioning, measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), were used as continuous variables to explain performance on explicit and implicit timing tasks. Results showed a clear dissociation between the effects of healthy cognitive aging and pathological cognitive decline on processing of explicit and implicit timing. Whereas age and cognitive decline similarly impaired the non-temporal cognitive processes (e.g., memory for and/or attention to durations) involved in explicit temporal judgements, processing of implicit timing survived normal age-related changes. These findings carry important theoretical and practical implications by providing the first experimental evidence that processing of implicit, but not explicit, timing is differentially affected in healthy and pathological aging.
Congestion charge, air pollution and children’s school attendance: benefitting the poor
Authors: CONTE KEIVABU Risto , Rüttenauer Tobias
Published: September 2021

Air pollution negatively affects individuals’ health and human capital accumulation. For example, students school performance is hampered by air pollution as it decreases cognitive abilities and increases absences. Moreover, low-income students are the most exposed and vulnerable to the negative effects of air pollution lacking protective resources and suffering from pre-existing health conditions. Here, we inquire how more stringent traffic regulations implemented in Central London from late 2015 affected pollution levels and school absences. First, we observe a substantive decrease in pollution in the area affected by the regulations from 2016. Secondly, we use a Difference in Difference approach to estimate the causal effect of the policy on air pollution and school absences. For all schools combined, findings do not show any substantive improvement in attendance. However, when looking at the heterogeneous effects of the policy, we observe a larger decrease in absences for Low socioeconomic status (SES) students. Moreover, we find a positive spillover effect for schools just outside the area targeted by the policy. Consequently, the findings highlight the efficacy of environmental policy in diminishing pollution levels and to benefit the poor.
Opportunities and Challenges of Online Banking in Nepal
Authors: Mastran Sanita
Published: September 2021

This descriptive study aims at exploring the challenges and opportunities of e-banking in the Nepalese banking sector. The required data are collected from bank employees by applying a self administered questionnaire, semi-structured interviews and the desktop research. The findings demonstrate that banks expand to e-banking services in order to remain competitive, to update themselves with new technological developments and to minimize transaction cost and to facilitate customers. The major challenges faced the e-banking customers are non-familiarity with advanced technology, internet connection problems, problems regarding security and privacy. These challenges have a negative influence on the adoption of e-banking services by customers in Nepal. To overcome the challenges, Nepalese banking industry should invest on adopting the most secured and trustworthy e-banking system and educating customers on the use and importance of e-banking regularly.
The Spirit of Nepali Painting: What has hath Driven the Art
Authors: Chitrakar Madan
Published: September 2021

(Note: Herein the term, ‘Nepali Painting’ exclusively refers to the earlier art of Painting – rooted in religious faiths: and not the art that emerged after the arrival of western notion of painting.)

For centuries, ‘The art of Painting in Nepal’ remained confined to the visual forms associated with spiritual beliefs: or as a description of imageries from Hindu and Buddhist pantheon. Occasionally, the visuals also narrated rise or decline of particular thoughts or a cult within a given time. The complexities found in the art also, have had intrigued many – by the impressive presence of myriad set of imageries – representing varied meanings or beliefs, expressed in diverse visual forms.

But little is explained and argued on or about the underlining reasons or the deeper human desire to envision so. To argue on it or explain it, it remains a challenge. To dwell on it, it also becomes imperative to go behind - look to the earlier times when chosen thoughts were appeared first or impressed upon the early people. This is necessary so as to understand the state of mind and their perception of life then. Only then, one can or may imagine or analyze what may have had led them to the chosen beliefs and to the visual forms that we call art today. This should be described as the driving spirit of the art.

Present essay therefore, is a brief and a modest attempt to unravel some of such driving spirits – based on the available references and also, personal observations.
Art Creations of Pramila Giri
Authors: Shrestha Banshi
Published: September 2021

During the 60s and 70s, various new concepts and trends of European modern arts were slowly and nobly emerging in Nepali Art. Traditional Paubha artists and some senior artists such as Chandraman Singh Maskey, Tej Bahadur Chitrakar were following the conventional grammar, characteristics and themes in their art creations.

There were virtually no women artists in the creative art scene. Later Pramila Giri and Shilu Payri along with some other female artists appeared on the art stage with new ideas and concepts of modernity. Artist Giri in her early stage, was also following the conventional approaches, but later she began to experiment and present her new art forms with mythical figures and themes.

Her analytical thoughts and search led her to use the various forms, images and symbols of religious and mythical figures of BHAIRAV in her art creations. Thus, she started in presenting the figures and forms plus sculptures on her large size canvas. It was completely a noble approach and presentation.

BHAIRAV, a gigantic demonic figure but with all the divine powers is regarded as the incarnation of Lord Shiva. Red, white, blue, black colors are used to represent a chosen incarnation of the Lord.

Thus, if the viewers are familiar with the mythical figures of Lord BHAIRAV, it will be easier to understand the use of colours and the presentations of the figures in her art creations.
Dynamics of Contemporary Nepali Paintings
Authors: Sharma Yam Prasad
Published: September 2021

The article explores the multiplicity of contemporary Nepali paintings in terms of Nepali tradition and contemporary experiments. Globalization enhanced the creative flow of ideas and events in the domain of art. Th condition of cultural encounter and ambivalence appear in the context of Nepali art as the effects of globalization. We can trace the native images, symbols, icons and forms interacting with western techniques in the artworks. The paintings depict the representation of cultural self and cultural other. Using the techniques of irony and parody, the visual texts respond and accommodate the alien forms. We can see how heterogeneous images, genres and cultures are criss-crossed within the paintings in the context of pervasive semiotic flow. The artworks present the dialogue of vision and textuality, tradition and modernity along with continuity and change making the work open-ended and plural having multiple significances.
A new species of Trellius from the Philippines (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Phaloriinae)
Authors: Gorochov A.V.
Published: September 2021

Trellius (Protrellius) palawani sp. n. from Palawan I. is described. It distinctly differs from all other congeners in the characteristic structure of the male genitalia.
Quoi qu’il en coûte : un conditionnement incertain des aides publiques ?
Authors: Karpenschif Michaël
Published: September 2021

Le versement massif d’aides publiques par les États membres pour venir au secours de l’économie affectée par cette crise sanitaire sans précédent, s’effectue dans un cadre qui peut apparaître très permissif. L’observateur peu averti pouvant avoir le sentiment que la Commission autorise toutes les aides sans conditions et sans lignes claires. Un examen plus attentif doit toutefois conduire à une conclusion bien différente car si la Commission utilise son pouvoir de contrôle pour sauver des pans entiers de l’économie européenne, elle instrumentalise aussi ce pouvoir d’autorisation pour d’autres finalités : la résilience de notre modèle social et la mutation de notre économie pour l’adapter aux impératifs du XXIe siècle.
« Crise » de la dette souveraine : la timide réponse de l’Union européenne
Authors: Jacobsoone Jennifer
Published: September 2021

Confrontés à une crise économique sans précédent, les États membres de l’Union européenne pourraient se heurter au risque de défaut souverain. S’il n’est pas encore possible de parler de crise des dettes souveraines, il convient de garder à l’esprit que la probabilité d’éclatement d’une telle crise est grandissante. En effet, si les réponses apportées par l’Union européenne et l’Union économique et monétaire à la crise économique ont eu un effet bénéfique sur les économies des États membres, elles n’ont que très peu écarté le risque de survenance d’une crise de la dette souveraine et l’ont même, sous certains angles, favorisé.

Pour se prémunir de la survenance d’une telle crise, un approfondissement de ces premières mesures est nécessaire, au niveau européen, notamment via la mutualisation des dettes souveraines et la création d’un budget fédéral européen.
Crise(s) et finances publiques au Royaume-Uni
Authors: Guigue Alexandre
Published: September 2021

De la Guerre Civile à la crise des subprimes, le Royaume-Uni a connu bien des crises au cours de son histoire. Son système financier et budgétaire a su s’adapter, notamment grâce à une grande souplesse juridique et institutionnelle. Face au Brexit et à la pandémie de Covid, le gouvernement a mobilisé un éventail d’outils (aides, emprunt, levier fiscal) mais il mise aussi sur le Global Britain, une politique de plus long terme qui soulève des interrogations.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ПРИНЦИПУ ЗАКОННОСТІ В КРИМІНАЛЬНОМУ ПРОЦЕСІ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: СКРЯБІН Олексій , САНАКОЄВ Дмитро
Published: September 2021

У статті проаналізовані принципи кримінального процесу, які є вираженням панівних політичних і правових ідей держави, стосуються завдань і способів реалізації судочинства в кримінальних провадженнях, є закріпленими в правових нормах і діють протягом усіх стадій та обов’язково – в центральній стадії процесу. Порушення принципів кримінального процесу є ознакою незаконності рішень і стає основою їх скасування. Крізь призму загальних засад кримінального провадження визначається роль і місце принципу законності, що характеризується обов’язковим додержанням законів у кримінальному процесі, є обмежуючим фактором дискреційних повноважень органів досудового розслідування, прокуратури та суду. Завдяки реалізації принципу законності можуть бути подолані недоліки та прогалини у кримінальному процесі, що існують у кримінальному процесуальному праві.
ВЗАЄМОДІЯ СЛІДЧОГО З ОПЕРАТИВНИМИ ПІДРОЗДІЛАМИ В ДОСУДОВОМУ РОЗСЛІДУВАННІ КРИМІНАЛЬНИХ ПРАВОПОРУШЕНЬ
Authors: ОЧЕРЕТЯНИЙ Максим
Published: September 2021

У статті здійснено науковий аналіз сутності окресленої проблеми, акцентовано увагу на тому яке значення має взаємодія слідчого з оперативними підрозділами в досудовому розслідування кримінальних правопорушень, окреслено відповідне поняття, що визначено як комплексний і цілеспрямований процес комунікації між різними суб’єктами, що є учасниками кримінального процесу, виступає кінцевою метою, що дає можливість отримання фактичних відомостей про подію кримінального правопорушення. Це дало підстави для виокремлення сутності даного процесу, котра загалом, виокремлюється тим, що слідчий – є процесуальною особою, яка безпосередньо відповідає за якість досудового розслідування, за його планування та за результативність проведення слідчих (розшукових) дій, їх своєчасність, а також послідовність. Аргументовано також, що питання теоретичного узагальнення елементів процесу взаємодії слідчого в досудовому розслідуванні були ефективно та влучно сформульовані в наведені вище етапи, що частково дублюють стадії досудового розслідування. Проте запропонованих підхід окремих дослідників, щодо диференціації взаємодії не лише з точки зору кримінального процесуального права, а й з позиції здійснення оперативно-розшукової діяльності, як процесу також може бути корисним у плануванні досудового розслідування. Це логічно дає підстави стверджувати про те, що взаємодія з оперативними підрозділами базується на тісній та скоординованій співпраці в межах чинного законодавства, на ініціативі обох сторін, а також спланованості проведення будь-яких слідчих чи не гласних слідчих (розшукових) дій. Автором, в результаті отриманих тлумачень базових термінів було отримано можливість дослідити його етапи. Тому, проаналізовано підходи вчених до визначення етапів взаємодії в досудовому розслідуванні кримінальних правопорушень, узагальнено їх, а також визначено найбільш ефективних підхід до їх структурування для теорії та практики.
АКТУАЛЬНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ СЛІДЧИХ З ОПЕРАТИВНИМИ ПІДРОЗДІЛАМИ ПІД ЧАС ПРИЗНАЧЕННЯ ТА ПРОВЕДЕННЯ ОБШУКУ
Authors: ЧЕРНЯК Наталія , КІЯНИЦЯ Володимир
Published: September 2021

Статтю присвячено дослідженню проблем, які стосуються взаємодії слідчих з оперативними підрозділами під час призначення та проведення обшуку. На підставі наукового аналізу нормативно-правових актів з’ясовано окремі особливості правильності проведення такої слідчої (розшукової) дії, як обшук з дотриманням всіх вимог, зазначених у Кримінальному процесуальному кодексі України та законах України.
"Pinyin Tzimu Project" — a Landmark Event in the History of Chinese Civilization Initiated and Supported by the CPC
Authors: Aleksakhin Alexey
Published: September 2021

The Creation of the Alphabet and words spelling of Chinese Mandarin (Pinyin tsimu project) is a landmark event in the history of Chinese civilization. It breathes new life into ancient Chinese characters. Great "dumb" − the Chinese character − for the first time since 1958 has become known to the whole world by sounds of Beijing speech. Today the two types of writing − Chinese Mandarin traditional ideographic and innovative phonographic writing, in their unity, provide the linguocultural unity of the Chinese society and the progress of science and technology of China. Millions of people in China and beyond are studying the Chinese language based on the sound letter standard of the words of Chinese Putonghua. Letter orthogramms of Chinese words provide tele- and Internet communication of hundreds of millions of Chinese. In the 20 century the first Latinized alphabet for the Chinese language was created with the leading participation of one of the founders and leaders of the CPC, Qu Qiubo, (included in the official list of "100 Greatest Figures of New China") under the influence of the experience of creating alphabets for the peoples of the USSR in 1921-26. Chinese alphabet, based on Latin letters and letter-spelling forms of Putonghua words are a huge scientific achievement of Chinese linguists. Outstanding contribution to the creation of the alphabet and letter words of Chinese Mandarin was made by a brilliant Chinese linguist Zhou Youguang (1906-2011), called the «father of pinyin zimu» or Chinese alphabet in China. The top leaders of the Communist Party of China, Mao Tsedong, Zhou Enlai, Chen Yi led the creation of the "pinyin" alphabet. The political will and wisdom of the CPC's senior leadership, combined with the creative genius of Chinese linguists, ensured the creation of a letter writing for the people of China, which was "an epochal event in the history of the development of Chinese civilization".
The co-occurrence of calcaneal spur and hallux valgus: A radiological evaluation
Authors: Öncü Mehmet , Genç Erdinç
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Calcaneal spur and hallux valgus are common foot deformities and both conditions have been shown to disrupt foot biomechanics. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the association between calcaneal spur and hallux valgus using radiographic and demographic data. METHODS: A total of 1375 patients (1083 women; mean age: 45.5 years) with standard ankle lateral and foot conventional anteroposterior radiographs were evaluated. The following data were obtained: age, gender, laterality, hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), and calcaneal spur. Patients with a HVA of 15∘ and above were considered to have hallux valgus. Patients with hallux valgus were classified into three different groups according to the HVA. RESULTS: The prevalence of calcaneal spur was higher in older age and women (45.8%, 30.2%; p< 0.01, p< 0.01, respectively). Subjects with and without calcaneal spurs had similarities in terms of their laterality, having a HVA of ⩾ 15∘ and an IMA of ⩾ 11∘ (p> 0.05). Hallux valgus severity was not associated with calcaneal spur (p> 0.05). In addition, the hallux valgus prevalence was higher in patients who were over 50 years old (58.2%, p= 0.046). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of calcaneal spurs does not affect the prevalence of hallux valgus. The severity of hallux valgus determined according to the HVA was similar in patients with and without calcaneal spurs. In addition, female gender and older age were identified as risk factors for calcaneal spurs, while only older age was a risk factor for hallux valgus.
Effects and experience with the Mézières method in people with low back pain: A mixed methods study
Authors: Alfonso-Mora Margareth Lorena , Ramírez-Moreno Jose , Guerra-Balic Miriam , Sánchez-Martín Ricardo , Castellanos Adriana Lucía , Rengifo María Leonor
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common reasons for visiting the doctor. The Mézières method (MM) emphasises body awareness and uses a global postural rehabilitation approach. It is used in the management of LBP, but its effectiveness has received limited formal evaluation. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of MM on quality of life, pain and functional disability in people with LBP and understand the patient’s bodily experience during the MM intervention. METHODS: This protocol study of single-blind randomised controlled trial with a mixed methods design will include 54 people with LBP aged 18 to 65 years. Participants will be randomised into two groups, one will receive MM and the other will receive a control intervention, administered through 10 treatment sessions. Participants will also construct a narrative to provide an understanding of their bodily experience. RESULTS: The assessed outcomes will include pain, back pain-related disability assessed using the Roland Morris Questionnaire, and quality of life related to health assessed using the SF12. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, after the intervention and at a 6 weeks follow-up.
LncRNA HCG11 promotes 5-FU resistance of colon cancer cells through reprogramming glucose metabolism by targeting the miR-144-3p-PDK4 axis
Authors: Cui Zhi , Wang Qi , Deng Mu-Hong , Han Quan-Li
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most common human malignancies, is a leading cause of the cancer-related mortality. 5-FU is a first-line chemotherapeutic agent against CRC. Although CRC patients responded to 5-FU therapy initially, a part of patients succumbed to CRC due to the acquired drug resistance. Thus, investigating molecular mechanisms underlying chemoresistance will contribute to developing novel strategies against colorectal cancer. OBJECTIVE: Accumulation evidence revealed pivotal roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in tumorigenesis and chemoresistance of CRC. However, the precise roles and molecular mechanisms of lncRNA-HCG11 in CRC remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the biological roles and underlying mechanisms of HCG11 as well as its molecular targets in regulating the cellular metabolism processes, which facilitate the chemoresistance of CRC. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study uncovers that HCG11 was significantly upregulated in CRC tumors tissues and cell lines. Moreover, HCG11 was elevated in 5-FU resistant CRC tumors. Silencing HCG11 inhibited colon cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and glucose metabolism and sensitized CRC cells to 5-FU. In addition, we detected increased HCG11 expression level and glucose metabolism in the established 5-FU resistant CRC cell line (DLD-1 5-FU Res). Furthermore, microRNA-microArray, RNA pull-down and luciferase assays demonstrated that HCG11 inhibited miR-144-3p which displays suppressive roles in colon cancer via sponging it to form a ceRNA network. We identified pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), which is a glucose metabolism key enzyme, was directly targeted by miR-144-3p in CRC cells. Rescue studies validated that the miR-144-3p-inhibited glucose metabolism and 5-FU sensitization were through targeting PDK4. Finally, restoration of miR-144-3p in HCG11-overexpressing DLD-1 5-FU resistant cells successfully overcame the HCG11-faciliated 5-FU resistance via targeting PDK4. CONCLUSION: In summary, this study reveals critical roles and molecular mechanisms of the HCG11-mediated 5-FU resistance through modulating the miR-144-3p-PDK4-glucose metabolism pathway in CRC.