Correlation Analysis of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels With Immune Function and Calcium-Phosphate Metabolism in Patients With Bronchial Asthma Treated With Combination Therapy
Authors: Wu D , Wang J , Wei Y , Zhang X , Hou Z 
Published: November 2024

It was to investigate the clinical efficacy of the combination therapy of fluticasone propionate inhalation aerosol and vitamin D (VD) in pediatric bronchial asthma (BA) and analyze the correlation between serum 25-(OH)-D3 levels and immune function, as well as calcium-phosphorus metabolism. A total of 110 patients with BA were recruited. Regarding treatment plan, patients were randomly rolled into a single-drug treatment group (SDT, treated with fluticasone propionate inhalation aerosol alone) and a dual-drug treatment group (TDT, treated with the combination of fluticasone propionate inhalation aerosol and VD). The changes in serum 25-(OH)-D3 levels, immunoglobulins, T lymphocyte subsets, and inflammatory cytokine levels in children with BA under different treatment modalities were compared. Clinical symptom disappearance, asthma control, and quality of life (QoL) were assessed, and the total effective rate and adverse reactions (ARs) were compared. A control group consisting of 60 healthy children who underwent concurrent physical examinations was included. The differences in serum 25-(OH)-D3 levels, immunoglobulins, and T lymphocyte subset levels between children with BA and healthy controls were compared, and their correlations were analyzed. The TDT group showed a drastic reduction in the disappearance time of lung wheezing and dyspnea relative to the SDT group. Furthermore, the TDT group exhibited notable improvements in lung function parameters, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Blood gas analysis revealed a great decrease in PaCO2 and an increase in PaO2. The Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) scores for asthma control and Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) scores for QoL showed marked increases in the TDT group. Moreover, the TDT group demonstrated notable increases in serum 25-(OH)-D3 levels, immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM), T lymphocyte subsets (CD4+ and CD8+), as well as blood calcium and phosphorus levels. Additionally, the TDT group exhibited a prominent increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 level and a drastic decrease in the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels (all P<0.05). The total effective rates of treatment in the SDT group and TDT group were 83.64 % and 96.36 %, respectively, with AR rates of 16.36 % and 7.27 %. The TDT group exhibited a superior total effective rate and an inferior incidence of ARs to the SDT group (both P<0.05). Additionally, in contrast to the control group, the BA group showed notable decreases in serum 25-(OH)-D3 levels, immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM), T lymphocyte subsets (CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+), as well as blood calcium and phosphorus levels (all P<0.05). Prior to treatment, there was a positive correlation between serum 25-(OH)-D3 levels and immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM), T lymphocyte subsets (CD4+ and CD8+), as well as blood calcium and phosphorus levels in children with BA (P<0.05). In patients with BA, combined treatment with inhaled fluticasone propionate aerosol and VD may have a regulatory effect on serum 25-hydroxyVD levels, immune function, and calcium-phosphate metabolism. The correlation between serum 25-(OH)-D3 levels and immune function, as well as calcium-phosphate metabolism, suggested that VD may play a crucial role in the immune regulation and calcium-phosphate metabolism of BA.