bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The response of garden pea cultivars to simulated drought
Authors: Tamindžić Gordana , Červenski Janko , Milošević Dragana , Vlajić Slobodan , Nikolić Zorica , Ignjatov Maja
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to estimate genetic variability among four pea cultivars and determine seed physiological quality and initial growth of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) under drought stress. Seeds of the pea cultivars were subjected to water stress induced by polyethylene glycol PEG 6000 at three stress levels (0; -0.15; -0.49, and -1.03 MPa). The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions, in a completely randomized design with four replications, to estimate germination energy, germination, abnormal seedlings, fresh and dry shoot and root biomass, and drought tolerance index. Drought stress significantly affected germination and the other traits, with the stress effects being proportional to the stress level applied. Findings point to the fact that the osmotic potential of -0.49 MPa might be the germination sensitivity threshold for pea cultivars. The pea cultivar C1 was the most tolerant, having the highest germination, fresh and dry shoot and root biomass, and DTI under severe drought stress. Further research on the assessment of physiological and biochemical responses to drought stress is needed to confirm the findings of the present study.
Suitability of leached soils of Western Serbia for potato growing
Authors: Dugalić Marijana , Dugalić Goran , Bošković-Rakočević Ljiljana , Dinić Zoran , Todorović Anita
Published: January 2022

Potato can be grown on a large number of soil types. In order to determine the suitability of leached soils for potato growing in Western Serbia, a trial was set up with the aim of observing agrophysical and agrochemical properties of this type of soil in the region of the Radočelo mountain massif in 2020. Three soil profiles were opened. Results pointed out that leached soils of Western Serbia are suitable for potato growing according to their agrophysical properties, but unfavourable as regards some agrochemical parameters (a low content of available phosphorus, high values of active, exchangeable, and hydrolytic acidity). Nevertheless, it is possible to achieve high yields that approach the biological potential of potato using appropriate soil amendment practices (timely application of proper amounts of the complex NPK fertiliser with increased phosphorus and potassium levels, basal liming of the soil along with manuring, and use of physiologically neutral nitrogen fertilisers).
Failure analysis in passenger bogies from the Railway system of the Republic of Bulgaria
Authors: Ralev Vanio , Atmadžova Dobrinka
Published: January 2022

This paper is based on a review of a study of damage to passenger bogies on railway vehicles. The results of the research of the reliability of the passenger bogies from the park of the Bulgarian State Railways (BDZ) are analyzed. The constructions of passenger bogies type swing in the operation of the Republic of Bulgaria are presented - YT72, Görlitz V and GP200. The most common faults of the passenger bogies are indicated. The general failures, the probable causes of failures and the ways to minimize them have been successfully identified.
Regarding requirements for the design and installation of elements for passive safety of passenger trains operated by the Bulgarian State Railways
Authors: Pavlov Venelin
Published: January 2022

When designing a new generation passenger train, it is necessary to provide for the existence of a passive safety system (PSS) integrated in its construction, which should ensure the protection of passengers and service personnel in the event of the most probable emergency collisions. The article provides an excerpt from statistics of accidents and incidents related to railway transport for the Bulgarian State Railways, which show the need to improve safety. The aim of the study is to develop energy absorption devices included in the PSS of high-speed passenger trains of a new generation. The article discusses the requirements for the harmonization of European safety standards and regulations in force in Russia and the United States. The main concepts of passive safety equipment and possibilities for application in the construction of passenger trains in operation of the Bulgarian State Railways (HoldingBDZ EAD - BDZ - Passenger Transport EOOD) are indicated
The development of textile industry in Shtip
Authors: Zhezhova Silvana , Jordeva Sonja , Golomeova-Longurova Sashka , Maksimov Stefan , Dimitrijeva-Kuzmanoska Vanga
Published: January 2022

The city of Shtip is the main garment production center in the Eastern part of the Republic of North Macedonia. The textile industry participates with 70% in the total achievements of the industry in the Municipality. There are over 60 companies for production of clothes in Shtip, and among their most important partners are Germany, Italy, Austria, Belgium and the Netherlands. Most of the clothing companies are organized as small or medium enterprises for production of casual clothes such as shirts, blouses, etc., which operate on the basis of the "LON" (LOHN) production system.
Complications in the treatment of Segmental tibial fractures
Authors: Golubović Zoran , Stoiljković Predrag , Golubović Ivan , Pejčić Milan , Lazarević Milan , Ille Mihailo , Golubović Ivana , Milošević Ivan , Mitić Nebojša , Tabakavić Dejan
Published: January 2022

Segmental tibial fractures belong to the group of the most severe fractures of the locomotor system. They are most common in polytraumatized patients. Treatment of segmental tibial fractures can be conservative or operative. Treatment of segmental tibial fractures is accompanied by a number of complications, such as delayed healing, dislocation of fragments in one or the other fracture point, healing of fractures in poor position, non-healing of fractures, aseptic and septic pseudoarthrosis, infection around fixator wedges, wound infection of open segmental tibial fracture, iatrogenic infection, osteomyelitis, and limb amputation. The paper presents a female patient with a severe segmental tibial fracture on two levels, who was treated with external skeletal fixation. Without opening the fracture point, repositioning was performed in the proximal and distal part and the fractures were stabilized with an external skeletal fixator. After the operation, the patient was activated with underarm crutches with relief support on the injured leg. For the purpose of stimulating fracture healing, low molecular weight heparin, Fraxiparine (to prevent thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism) and Forticolinn were prescribed. After the fracture healed, the external skeletal fixator was removed and the patient returned to her working and living activities. At the follow-up examination five years after the segmental tibial fracture, the patient had a stable and firm support on the injured leg.
Consumers' influence in sustainable decarbonisation of future power system
Authors: Šiljkut Vladimir
Published: January 2022

Environmental protection and sustainable development cause a qualitative shift towards cleaner technologies in the field of electrical power. Countries with fossil fuel-based electricity generation have a questionable energy future regarding the independence and security of their end-users' supply. Therefore, it is necessary to explore all possible options for future development, taking into account the synergistic potential of other energy sources in electricity deficit compensation. That need will arise after the shutdown of fossil fuel power plants. It is necessary to mutually synchronize the development and application of different energy sources. For example, the large share of renewable energy sources with highly variable generation, without the presence of significant energy storage capacities or other sources that could compensate for these rapid power fluctuations, causes problems in energy balancing and disrupts power system flexibility and stability. Among the supporting pillars of a secure and decarbonised power system, special attention will be paid to the possible role and contribution of consumers; increasing their energy efficiency, using the heat capacity of buildings, demand response and direct demand side management.
High-voltage motors on-site testing
Authors: Milić Momčilo , Jovanović Đorđe , Ilić Denis , Stanojević Nikola , Kališkić Radmila
Published: January 2022

High-voltage motors are one of the most important components in thermal power plants and industrial facilities. However, they are often neglected in terms of preventive maintenance. Maintenance in power plants in Serbia still takes place according to the outdated model of maintenance based on fixed time intervals operations - time based maintenance. This is why emphasis has to be put on electrical testing of high-voltage motors in order to have a better insight into their condition, to prevent unwanted failures and to improve their service. This paper provides an overview of the currently available prophylactic tests of high-voltage motors. Also, the most common testing methods are described, which provide information on the current motor condition, so it is possible to make further repairs or corrective actions timely. Case examples and experiences from practice in power plants in Serbia are further presented and discussed in the paper.
Characterization of insulation papers using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy
Authors: Planojević Jelena , Lukić J. , Vasović Valentina , Mihajlović D. , Janković Jelena , Kovačević Neda
Published: January 2022

The need to increase the productivity and capacity of power transformers has conditioned the production of insulating papers of a higher thermal class. For this purpose, various techniques of solid insulation modification were applied, which enable the increase in thermal and chemical stability of the insulating paper during the operation of the transformer. The applied additives, primarily dicyandiamide (DICY) and polyacrylamide (PAM), are one form of cellulose modification in the final stages of paper production. A significant difference between the papers is the nitrogen content in the paper, which is characterized by the addition of amine compounds (additives). The paper presents the application of infrared spectroscopy with totally attenuated reflection (FTIR-ATR) in the characterization of paper samples. The aim is to observe the difference between regularly kraft and thermally upgraded paper reflected in the presence or absence of characteristic functional groups for additives. The strip identification at 2194-2154 cm-1 confirmed the presence of dicyandiamide additives (DICY) in the spectrum of the sample of thermally upgraded paper, which is different compared with the spectrum of regular kraft paper.
Coordination between loss of excitation protection and minimum excitation limit function of voltage regulation system
Authors: Vučićević Darko , Buha Danilo , Marinković Savo , Gligorov Saša , Malešević Nevena
Published: January 2022

Established practice is such that the relay protection system and excitation system are adjusted independently of each other, which very often leads to non-coordinated action. When network disturbance occur, it is necessary to provide that basic protection functions eliminate the fault if it is necessary, and that all generators respond so as to preserve system stability and use the most of their capabilities. The basic task of under excitation protection is to prevent damage to the generator in a not allowed mode of operation. Also it is important to prevent the absorption of large amounts of reactive power from system that can lead to voltage collapse or line failure in the transmission system. This paper deals with under excitation protection and minimal excitation limiter, which is a part of excitation system, as well as with coordination between them. In the paper the current and the proposed settings are presented regarding case studies of generators in power plants in "EPS".
Farmers’ participation intention of e-commerce and and its influencing factors in poor areas——based on the planning behavior theory
Authors: GAO Gongbu , GU Jianqiang
Published: January 2022

Under the development trend of "Internet +", e-commerce poverty alleviation has become a new way to promote the implementation of China's targeted poverty alleviation strategy and improve the effectiveness of poverty alleviation. Based on the planning behavior theory and the multi-group structure equation, the main factors influencing the participation intention of rural households in poor areas are analyzed. The results show that farmers' behavior attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavior control are the main factors influencing their participation in e-commerce. It is found that there are some differences in subjective norms and perceived behavioral control between farmers whose revenue structure are different.
An Analysis of the Demand for Business English Talents in the Context of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area ——Based on a Survey of Export-oriented Enterprises in Guangdong
Authors: CHEN Yayi , ZHANG Mei , LI Qianying , LIN Xiaoyan , LIU Mengping , ZENG Qinghui
Published: January 2022

Based on the background of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the questionnaire data was collected from 239 export-oriented enterprises in Guangdong with a view to analyze the demand structure for business English talents through SPSS17.0. The demand structure for business English talents in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area includes the flowing dimensions: “professional knowledge”, “external communication”, “professional competence” and “professional ethics”. In the city with higher economic level, there is a higher demand for the “professional ethics” of business English talents. State-owned enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises (including Sino-foreign joint ventures, Sino-foreign cooperative enterprises, wholly foreign-owned enterprises) have higher requirements for the “professional ethics” dimension of business English talents, while private enterprises have higher requirements for the “external communication” dimension of business English talents. Large enterprises and small and micro enterprises have higher requirements for the “external communication” dimension of business English talents, while medium-sized enterprises have higher requirements for the “professional ethics” of business English talents. Finally this paper puts forward suggestions to the colleges and universities on business English talents’ cultivating.
Research on Contemporary College Students’ Employment Satisfaction Factors: Based on logit regression models
Authors: LIU Xiaoyu , MA Zhuo , WU Yiran
Published: January 2022

Based on the questionnaire data and the (ordered) logit and probit models applicable to binary discrete variables, this paper conducts in-depth research on the factors that influence whether college students are employed or not and the factors that influence employment satisfaction. The research found that gender, whether they have gone abroad or studying abroad, whether they have passed the second-level computer test, whether they are clear about their job search goals and positioning, and the definition of exciting offers in the minds of talents are the main factors affecting the employment of college students; commuting time, internal pressure within the company, the degree of self-valued, the social status with colleagues, and the degree of correspondence between profession and work are the main factors affecting job satisfaction.
The integration of industry and education promotes a win-win cooperation between university talent training and enterprise development Take Excellent Cases of Ministry of Education University-Industry Collaborative Education Program "Cross-border e-commerce and cases" as an example
Authors: GAO GONGBU , GAO HAO , LI CHANGKUI
Published: January 2022

This article briefly elaborates the requirements for the development of cross-border e-commerce in universities to keep up with the times, introduces the excellent cases of the Ministry of Education University-Industry Collaborative Education Program "Cross-border e-commerce and cases" project results and experience, and shares University-Industry Collaborative Education Program promotes enterprises to develop teaching software, compile teaching materials, establish academic journals, carry out educational training and media promotion experience, and put forward suggestions for improving cross-border e-commerce teaching.
Aproximación al discurso de los medios digitales españoles sobre el eje geopolítico: Rusia-China
Authors: Martín Ávila Antonio Javier
Published: January 2022

Objetivo del estudioEl siguiente artículo presenta los resultados de una aproximación analítica a un grupo representativo de diarios digitales españoles con la intención de contrastar si la negatividad de su discurso sobre del eje geopolítico Rusia-China es consecuencia de una selección interesada de informaciones desfavorables, o si por el contrario es el resultado natural de la cobertura de sus acontecimientos más destacados.

Diseño / Metodología / EnfoquePara conseguirlo, se ha realizado una investigación de carácter cualitativo que presta especial atención, primero, a la selección de un conjunto de textos periodísticos según una serie de criterios prefijados; segundo, al posterior análisis de la intencionalidad del discurso de los textos elegidos atendiendo al Análisis Crítico del Discurso –ACD–; y por último, a la conexión de ideas y conceptos que nos permite establecer unas conclusiones. El estudio se enfoca a su vez dentro del marco científico de la Economía Política de la Comunicación, y está basado en los fundamentos de los estudios en estructura de la información.

ResultadosLos textos periodísticos que tratan temas relacionados con el eje Rusia-China, y su supuesta amenaza de desestabilizar la democracia y el estado de bienestar de Occidente, son un enorme filón en términos de monetización para los propietarios de los diarios online. En consecuencia, los diarios digitales acentúan la tensión entre bloques geopolíticos y utilizan recursos lingüísticos cercanos al sensacionalismo.
Structural basis for cytoplasmic dynein-1 regulation by Lis1
Authors: Gillies John P , Reimer Janice M , Karasmanis Eva P , Lahiri Indrajit , Htet Zaw Min , Leschziner Andres E , Reck-Peterson Samara L
Published: January 2022

The lissencephaly 1 gene, LIS1, is mutated in patients with the neurodevelopmental disease lissencephaly. The Lis1 protein is conserved from fungi to mammals and is a key regulator of cytoplasmic dynein-1, the major minus-end-directed microtubule motor in many eukaryotes. Lis1 is the only dynein regulator known to bind directly to dynein’s motor domain, and by doing so alters dynein’s mechanochemistry. Lis1 is required for the formation of fully active dynein complexes, which also contain essential cofactors: dynactin and an activating adaptor. Here, we report the first high-resolution structure of the yeast dynein–Lis1 complex. Our 3.1 Å structure reveals, in molecular detail, the major contacts between dynein and Lis1 and between Lis1’s ß-propellers. Structure-guided mutations in Lis1 and dynein show that these contacts are required for Lis1’s ability to form fully active human dynein complexes and to regulate yeast dynein’s mechanochemistry and in vivo function.
An intestinally secreted host factor promotes microsporidia invasion of C. elegans
Authors: Tamim El Jarkass Hala , Mok Calvin , Schertzberg Michael R , Fraser Andrew G , Troemel Emily R , Reinke Aaron W
Published: January 2022

Microsporidia are ubiquitous obligate intracellular pathogens of animals. These parasites often infect hosts through an oral route, but little is known about the function of host intestinal proteins that facilitate microsporidia invasion. To identify such factors necessary for infection by Nematocida parisii, a natural microsporidian pathogen of Caenorhabditis elegans, we performed a forward genetic screen to identify mutant animals that have a Fitness Advantage with Nematocida (Fawn). We isolated four fawn mutants that are resistant to Nematocida infection and contain mutations in T14E8.4, which we renamed aaim-1 (Antibacterial and Aids invasion by Microsporidia). Expression of AAIM-1 in the intestine of aaim-1 animals restores N. parisii infectivity and this rescue of infectivity is dependent upon AAIM-1 secretion. N. parisii spores in aaim-1 animals are improperly oriented in the intestinal lumen, leading to reduced levels of parasite invasion. Conversely, aaim-1 mutants display both increased colonization and susceptibility to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and overexpression ofaaim-1 reduces P. aeruginosa colonization. Competitive fitness assays show that aaim-1 mutants are favored in the presence of N. parisii but disadvantaged on P. aeruginosa compared to wild-type animals. Together, this work demonstrates how microsporidia exploits a secreted protein to promote host invasion. Our results also suggest evolutionary trade-offs may exist to optimizing host defense against multiple classes of pathogens.
Comment on ‘SARS-CoV-2 suppresses anticoagulant and fibrinolytic gene expression in the lung’
Authors: FitzGerald Ethan S , Jamieson Amanda M
Published: January 2022

Mast et al. analyzed transcriptome data derived from RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of COVID-19 patient bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples, as compared to BALF RNA-seq samples from a study investigating microbiome and inflammatory interactions in obese and asthmatic adults (Mast et al., 2021). Based on their analysis of these data, Mast et al. concluded that mRNA expression of key regulators of the extrinsic coagulation cascade and fibrinolysis were significantly reduced in COVID-19 patients. Notably, they reported that the expression of the extrinsic coagulation cascade master regulator Tissue Factor (F3) remained unchanged, while there was an 8-fold upregulation of its cognate inhibitor Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI). From this they conclude that “pulmonary fibrin deposition does not stem from enhanced local [tissue factor] production and that counterintuitively, COVID-19 may dampen [tissue factor]-dependent mechanisms in the lungs”. They also reported decreased Activated Protein C (aPC) mediated anticoagulant activity and major increases in fibrinogen expression and other key regulators of clot formation. Many of these results are contradictory to findings in most of the field, particularly the findings regarding extrinsic coagulation cascade mediated coagulopathies. Here, we present a complete re-analysis of the data sets analyzed by Mast et al. This re-analysis demonstrates that the two data sets utilized were not comparable between one another, and that the COVID-19 sample set was not suitable for the transcriptomic analysis Mast et al. performed. We also identified other significant flaws in the design of their retrospective analysis, such as poor-quality control and filtering standards. Given the issues with the datasets and analysis, their conclusions are not supported.
Network intrusion detection using oversampling technique and machine learning algorithms
Authors: Ahmed Hafiza Anisa , Hameed Anum , Bawany Narmeen Zakaria
Published: January 2022

The expeditious growth of the World Wide Web and the rampant flow of network traffic have resulted in a continuous increase of network security threats. Cyber attackers seek to exploit vulnerabilities in network architecture to steal valuable information or disrupt computer resources. Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) is used to effectively detect various attacks, thus providing timely protection to network resources from these attacks. To implement NIDS, a stream of supervised and unsupervised machine learning approaches is applied to detect irregularities in network traffic and to address network security issues. Such NIDSs are trained using various datasets that include attack traces. However, due to the advancement in modern-day attacks, these systems are unable to detect the emerging threats. Therefore, NIDS needs to be trained and developed with a modern comprehensive dataset which contains contemporary common and attack activities. This paper presents a framework in which different machine learning classification schemes are employed to detect various types of network attack categories. Five machine learning algorithms: Random Forest, Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors and Artificial Neural Networks, are used for attack detection. This study uses a dataset published by the University of New South Wales (UNSW-NB15), a relatively new dataset that contains a large amount of network traffic data with nine categories of network attacks. The results show that the classification models achieved the highest accuracy of 89.29% by applying the Random Forest algorithm. Further improvement in the accuracy of classification models is observed when Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) is applied to address the class imbalance problem. After applying the SMOTE, the Random Forest classifier showed an accuracy of 95.1% with 24 selected features from the Principal Component Analysis method.
A Review of The Gen Z’s Workforce Qualifıcations and The Effects of Covid-19 on Business Life of Gen Z
Authors: EMİROĞLU Begüm Dilara
Published: January 2022

Kuşak benzer bir sosyal konumda benzer sosyal olayları yaşayan aynı yaştaki bir grup insanı temsil etmektedir. Kuşak teorisi genel olarak her neslin kendine özgü nitelikler ve özelliklere sahip olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Kuşaklar her
kuşağın üyelerinin özellikleri, değerleri, inançları, ilgi alanları ve beklentileri açısından birbirlerinden farklılık göstermektedir. Kuşaklar arasındaki bu farklılıklar işyerlerinde çalışan kişilerin liderlik, tutum ve davranışlar
yönünden birbirlerinden farklılaşmamasına sebep olmakta ve bu durum iyi yönetilemezse işletmeler açısından olumsuz sonuçlara yol açmaktadır. 1995’li yılların ortasından 2010’lu yılların başlarına kadar doğan bir nesli temsil eden
Z kuşağı kendilerine özgü bireysel özellikleri ve işgücü nitelikleri bakımından diğer nesillerden belirgin bir biçimde farklılaşmaktadır. Z kuşağı bireyleri önümüzdeki yıllarda işgücü piyasasının önemli bir bölümünü temsil edecektir.
Ancak Covid-19 pandemisi işgücü piyasasına son yıllarda yeni yeni girmeye başlayan pek çok Z kuşağı üyesinin iş hayatlarına yönelik kaderlerini değiştirmiştir. Pandemi sürecinde pek çok Z kuşağı çalışanı diğer nesillere kıyasla
daha fazla işten çıkarılmış, iş görüşmeleri ve stajları iptal edilmiş, maaşlarında ve çalışma saatlerinde azalma, mutsuzluk, kaygı, depresyon ve stres gibi durumlar ile karşı karşıya kalmışlardır. Bu nedenle Z kuşağının işgücündeki
nitelikleri ve pandeminin Z kuşağı bireylerinin iş hayatı üzerindeki etkilerinin anlaşılması işletmelerin günümüz ve gelecekteki başarısı açısından büyük önem arz etmektedir. Tüm bu sebeplerden ötürü bu çalışma turizm sektörü başta
olmak üzere Z kuşağı bireylerinin işgücü piyasasındaki nitelikleri ve Covid-19 pandemisinin Z kuşağının iş hayatı üzerinde sebep olduğu etkileri keşfedici araştırma türlerinden biri olan geleneksel literatür incelemesi ile ortaya
çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda araştırmada Z kuşağı çalışanlarının turizm sektörü başta olmak üzere işgücündeki nitelikleri ve Covid-19 pandemisinin Z kuşağı çalışanları üzerinde sebep olduğu etkiler üzerinde durulmuş ve
tüm çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular sonuçlar kısmında özetlenerek konu ile alakalı çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Burden of Musculoskeletal Disorders among Recent Dental Graduates in Saudi Arabia: A National Survey
Authors: Hamdan Hebah M , Alharbi Khawlah , Alsaper Hatton , Alsubayae Shahad , Tounsi Abrar , Sulimany Ayman
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are one of the most prevalent occupational hazards affecting dental professionals. Aim: To assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of MSDs among recent dental graduates in Saudi Arabia and evaluates their practice of ergonomics as well as the impact of MSDs on their daily activities. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among all dental interns (n=1552) who graduated from dental schools in Saudi Arabia in the academic year 2018-2019. Data was collected between January 2019 to March 2019 through online survey via SurveyMonkey™. Through the questionnaire, data about participants’ demographics, symptoms of MSDs in the previous 12 months, preventive ergonomic working practices, effects of MSDs on their daily activities, and coping strategies were collected. Descriptive statistics, including mean±Standard Deviation (SD) were computed for continuous variables, while frequencies and percentages were computed for categorical variables. Results: In total, 889 dental interns participated in this study (response rate of 57.3%). A total of 54.3% of the participants experienced symptoms of MSDs in atleast one body part in the previous 12 months. The neck (41%), shoulder (37%), and lower back (31.9%) were the most affected regions. Female interns demonstrated a significantly higher risk of presenting with MSDs than male participants (OR: 2.3, CI: 1.7, 3.1). Alternative therapy was the most reported strategy for dealing with pain (44%, n=190). In total, 58.2% of the interns who presented with MSDs had their daily activities affected (n=251). Conclusion: MSDs are significant health problems among recent dental graduates in Saudi Arabia affecting the daily activities of the majority of those affected. Females were at higher risk of developing MSDs than males. To prevent this issue, dental school authorities should develop and implement strategies to ensure effective integration of ergonomics education in dental school curricula.
Transient Myocardial Ischemia in a Case Post Intra-Muscular Adrenaline
Authors: Bawiskar Nipun , Rasheed Aamil , Bhagawati Jahnabi , Acharya Sourya
Published: January 2022

Background: Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency and requires immediate medical attention. Kounis syndrome is myocardial infarction or injury occurring in the setting of anaphylaxis and can also be due to the effects of epinephrine.  Adrenaline is a common drug in the management of anaphylaxis but the electrocardiographic consequences of its administration post an attack are seldomly seen. Vasospasm is generally the cause for myocardial injury in an acute setting following the administration of epinephrine.

Case Presentation: A 21-year- old female developed sudden onset breathlessness and giddiness post vaccination with the oxford –AstraZeneca COVID -19 vaccine. She was administered 0.5 ml adrenaline (1:1000) intramuscularly on the lateral aspect of the left thigh, following which she complained of chest tightness and palpitations. This was accompanied by hypotension and global ST segment depression on her Electrocardiogram. The second electrocardiogram, done after 30 minutes showed a relative resolution in ST segment depressions with sinus rhythm in the one done at 16:00 hours. Creatine Kinase- MB and Troponin I were within normal limits and the patient experienced symptomatic improvement with normalization of blood pressure post fluid challenge.

Conclusion: This case report highlights the case of a young female with no comorbidities who developed transient myocardial ischemia after administration of intramuscular adrenalin in therapeutic dose in view of an anaphylactic reaction. The probable action is alpha mediated coronary vasospasm. The potential adverse effects in an acute setting are hence outlined in this case report without discouraging its use given the potential benefits outweigh the risks.
RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Thymoquinone and Curcumin in Dosage form
Authors: Jagtap Prajakta , Mahajan Namrata , Parte Anjali , Pananchery Jeeja , Jain Ashish
Published: January 2022

Aim: The aim of work is to develop and validate simple, specific, accurate, precise HPLC method for the estimation of Curcumin (CUR) and Thymoquinone (THQ) simultaneously in bulk and its formulation as per ICH guidelines for analytical method development and validation.

Study Design: Developing RP-HPLC method using C-18 Inertsil column and optimization of variables for estimation of Thymoquinone and Curcumin in bulk and formulation.

Place and Duration of Study: The present work was carried out at Shri D. D. Vispute College of Pharmacy and Research Center, Panvel in year 2021.

Methodology: The RP-HPLC method was developed with an isocratic condition of mobile phase comprising acetonitrile and water in a ratio of (82:18) v/v, at a flow rate of 0.9 mL/minute over Inertsil ODS, 250× 4.6 mm, 5 µm column, at 30°C column oven temperature. Photodiode array at 256 nm was used for detection

Results: Retention time for curcumin and thymoquinone was found to be 3.5 and 4.3 mins respectively. The method showed excellent linear response in concentration range of 4-18 µg/mland 10-45 µg/mlfor thymoquinone and curcuminrespectively with correlation coefficient (R2) values of0.999 for both. System precision and method precision studies were less than the maximum allowable limit percentage of relative standard deviation ≤ 2.0 i.e., 1.61 % and 1.62 % for curcumin and 0.47 % and 0.42 % for thymoquinone respectively. Mean % Recovery for both the drugs were within acceptance limits. The developed and validated HPLC method is simple, accurate, precise and suitable for analysis as all the results were within acceptance criteria.

Conclusion: The developed RP-HPLC method at single wavelength was validated according to ICH guideline with respect to system suitability, specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness and can be used for routine quality monitoring of drug in pharmaceutical dosage form.
Prevalence of Domestic Violence among School Children
Authors: Adeyele Victoria Olubola , Ibitola Makinde Veronica
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to examine the prevalence of domestic violence among school children. Using survey research design, data were collected from 664 school children in Ekiti State Nigeria Multidimensional Domestic Violence Scale (MDVS) was used to collect data. Results from the study reveal a high prevalence of domestic violence with physical violence as the most recurrent. The study also found that even though school children's age did not considerably influence the degree to which they were exposed to domestic violence, the level of study was a significant element in verbal and social violence. Also, it was found out that gender meaningfully contributed to the level at which children were exposed to physical and social domestic violence. It was concluded that regardless the gender, age, and level of study there is a high prevalence of domestic violence among school children in Ekiti State. With the adverse effect of domestic violence on children, in the long run, sensitizations, preventions, and inventions programmes should be embraced to educate the children, parents, and other adults.
Is unreliable science guiding bobcat management in Wyoming and other western U.S. states?
Authors: Murphy Sean M. , Eriksen‐Meier Susan , Robertson Lisa , Elbroch L. Mark
Published: January 2022

Wildlife managers require defensible and transparent population estimates to justify species management.

Statistical population reconstruction (SPR) is being widely adopted to estimate wildlife population sizes from hunter harvest data.

We assessed factors influencing variation in SPR population estimates produced for bobcats in Wyoming, USA. Specifically, we tested whether prey availability, hunter/trapper effort, the number of bobcats killed or the methods used to classify the age and sex of bobcats (‘classification protocol’) best explained changing SPR abundance estimates. We then quantified the relative magnitude of these effects on SPR model outputs.

Classification protocol had the strongest impact on SPR abundance estimates, such that a shift to visual age and sex classifications by trappers/hunters resulted in overestimates of bobcat abundance.

The Wyoming bobcat SPR population estimates were likely unreliable and we suggest that spatially explicit integrated population models may be a better approach to obtaining defensible estimates upon which to establish scientific management of this charismatic carnivore.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Reductive Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Gosmini Corinne , Auffrant Audrey
Published: January 2022

Cobalt‐catalyzed carbon–carbon bond‐forming reactions are an essential class of reactions in organic synthesis. This economical and eco‐compatible attractive catalyst could replace, in some cases, the well‐established, expensive palladium and toxic nickel catalytic systems that still dominate the field. Moreover, the cobalt‐catalyzed cross‐electrophilic couplings are excellent tools to form CC bond, avoiding the synthesis of a stoichiometric organometallic species. Starting from electrophiles bearing different functional groups such as alkyl, alkenyl, and aryl halides, aryl triflates, alkenyl acetates, allyl acetates, and benzyl alcohols, different reactions have been developed efficiently by electrosynthesis or chemical processes. The conditions are generally mild, and good to excellent yields are obtained. No ligand or a commercial one is required. In the electrochemical process, an iron‐sacrificial anode is used, while manganese is the main reductant used in chemical processes. This chapter intends to demonstrate that cobalt‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions offer an excellent alternative to the usual catalysts and are sometimes superior. Some proposed mechanisms are also presented.
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Mortality of Clinical and Subclinical Rheumatoid Arthritis–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A Population‐Based Cohort
Authors: Samhouri Bilal F. , Vassallo Robert , Achenbach Sara J. , Kronzer Vanessa L. , Davis John M. , Myasoedova Elena , Crowson Cynthia S.
Published: January 2022

Objective

To identify the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis–associated interstitial lung disease (RA‐ILD) and to assess time trends in the incidence and mortality in RA‐ILD.

Methods

We included adult residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota with incident RA between 1999 and 2014. Subjects were followed until death, emigration, or April 30, 2019. ILD was defined as the presence of a radiologist‐defined pattern consistent with ILD on chest computed tomography (CT). When chest CT was absent, the combination of chest radiograph abnormalities compatible with ILD and restrictive pattern on pulmonary function testing was considered consistent with ILD. Potential risk factors included age, sex, smoking, obesity, seropositivity, extraarticular manifestations (EAMs), and medications. For survival analysis, we matched RA‐ILD patients to RA–non‐ILD comparators. The frequency and mortality from clinician‐diagnosed RA‐ILD from 1999 to 2014 was compared against a cohort from 1955 to 1994.

Results

During the 1999–2014 time period, 645 individuals (70% women) had incident RA, were a median age of 55.3 years, and 53% never smoked. Twenty‐two patients had ILD before RA, and 51 (67% women) developed ILD during follow‐up. The 20‐year cumulative incidence of RA‐ILD was 15.3%. Ever‐smoking (hazard ratio [HR] 1.92), age at RA onset (HR 1.89 per 10‐year increase), and severe EAMs (HR 2.29) were associated with incident RA‐ILD. The RA‐ILD cases had higher mortality than their matched RA comparators (HR 2.42). Incidence of RA‐ILD was non‐significantly lower from 1999 to 2014 than from 1955 to1994, but mortality was improved.

Conclusions

RA‐ILD occurs in nearly 1 in 6 patients with RA within 20 years and is associated with shorter survival. Lack of significant change in RA‐ILD incidence over 6 decades deserves further investigation.
California is first state to establish Medicaid waiver for CM
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2022

Last week, California's Department of Health Care Services (DHCS) issued the request for applications (RFA) for counties to implement a $58.5 million pilot contingency management (CM) program for Medicaid patients in the state.
How to apply for the $30 million in SAMHSA HR grants
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2022

There are many ADAW readers who are veterans of the federal grants process, and for whom the $30 million in harm‐reduction grants announced by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) last year (see “SAMHSA announces harm‐reduction grants,” ADAW, Dec. 13, 2021; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.33290) — 25 grants at $400,000 each — will not look like a big deal.
A Spin‐Orbit Torque Ratchet at Ferromagnet/Antiferromagnet Interface via Exchange Spring
Authors: Huang Yu‐Han , Yang Chao‐Yao , Cheng Chih‐Wei , Lee Albert , Tseng Chih‐Hsiang , Wu Hao , Pan Quanjun , Che Xiaoyu , Lai Chih‐Huang , Wang Kang‐Lang , Lin Hong‐Ji , Tseng Yuan‐Chieh
Published: January 2022

The antiferromagnet (AFM) and ferromagnet (FM) interface is a unique branch of magnetics of broad scientific interest. AFMs play an important role in spin‐orbit torque devices based on their ability to generate spin‐polarized current and exchange bias when combined with FMs. In this study, an interesting spin‐orbit torque (SOT) ratchet involving the exchange spring effect in an IrMn/CoFeB bilayer device with perpendicular anisotropy and exchange bias is developed. The combined use of electrical and spectroscopic analysis reveals that the exchange spring in IrMn/CoFeB bilayer yields unidirectional anisotropy, resulting in a collinear/orthogonal AFM/FM spin configuration at the interface upon switching CoFeB magnetization upward/downward. The ratcheting characteristics resulting from unidirectional anisotropy manifest in SOT switching. In this process, magnetization against the exchange spring features digital‐like switching with a sharp transition, whereas the reverse function is characteristic of analog switching with a gradual transition tail. The dual digital‐analog characteristics of the IrMn/CoFeB bilayer may be of benefit in neuromorphic and memory applications.
Five‐Membered‐Heterocycle Bridged Viologen with High Voltage and Superior Stability for Flow Battery
Authors: Huang Mingbao , Hu Shuzhi , Yuan Xianzhi , Huang Jinghua , Li Wenjin , Xiang Zhipeng , Fu Zhiyong , Liang Zhenxing
Published: January 2022

Viologen and its derivatives have been widely investigated as the electroactive materials in aqueous flow batteries (AFBs). The high redox potential of viologen poses a challenge to the AFB's energy density when used as the negative electrolyte. A molecular engineering strategy is developed by inserting an electron‐rich π‐bridge unit (viz. thiophene, furan) between the two pyridiniums to lower the redox potential. The resultant 1,1′‐bis[3‐(trimethylamonium)propyl]‐4,4′‐(2,5‐thiophenediyl)bispyridinium tetrachloride ((ATBPy)Cl4) and 1,1′‐bis[3‐(trimethylamonium)propyl]‐4,4′‐(2,5‐furandiyl)bispyridinium tetrachloride ((AFBPy)Cl4) are investigated by a variety of physiochemical methods to track the structure of the molecule and its evolution during the electrochemical reaction. A flow battery is assembled to verify the applicability of (ATBPy)Cl4 with 1‐(1‐oxyl‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐4‐yl)‐1′‐(3‐(trimethylammonio)propyl)‐4,4′‐bipyridinium trichloride as the positive electrolyte. Run at the concentration of 1.0 m, the battery achieves a standard cell voltage of 1.51 V, capacity of 23.6 Ah L–1, energy efficiency of 85.7% at 60 mA cm–2, and a record peak power density of 302 mW cm–2, which outperform the reported viologen‐AFBs in literature. This work provides an effective strategy to develop electrochemically active compounds with tunable redox potential and superior chemical stability by molecule engineering.
Encapsulation of Primary Salivary Gland Acinar Cell Clusters and Intercalated Ducts (AIDUCs) within Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)‐Degradable Hydrogels to Maintain Tissue Structure and Function
Authors: Song Yuanhui , Sharipol Azmeer , Uchida Hitoshi , Ingalls Matthew H. , Piraino Lindsay , Mereness Jared A. , Moyston Tracey , DeLouise Lisa A. , Ovitt Catherine E. , Benoit Danielle S. W.
Published: January 2022

Progress in the development of salivary gland regenerative strategies is limited by poor maintenance of the secretory function of salivary gland cells (SGCs) in vitro. To reduce the precipitous loss of secretory function, a modified approach to isolate intact acinar cell clusters and intercalated ducts (AIDUCs), rather than commonly used single cell suspension, is investigated. This isolation approach yields AIDUCs that maintain many of the cell–cell and cell‐matrix interactions of intact glands. Encapsulation of AIDUCs in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐degradable PEG hydrogels promotes self‐assembly into salivary gland mimetics (SGm) with acinar‐like structure. Expression of Mist1, a transcription factor associated with secretory function, is detectable throughout the in vitro culture period up to 14 days. Immunohistochemistry also confirms expression of acinar cell markers (NKCC1, PIP and AQP5), duct cell markers (K7 and K5), and myoepithelial cell markers (SMA). Robust carbachol and ATP‐stimulated calcium flux is observed within the SGm for up to 14 days after encapsulation, indicating that secretory function is maintained. Though some acinar‐to‐ductal metaplasia is observed within SGm, it is reduced compared to previous reports. In conclusion, cell–cell interactions maintained within AIDUCs together with the hydrogel microenvironment may be a promising platform for salivary gland regenerative strategies.
Dielectric‐Modulated Biosensing with Ultrahigh‐Frequency‐Operated Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Liu Tingxian , Boyle Aimee , Bahreman Azadeh , Bao Lei , Jing Qiushi , Xue Honglei , Kieltyka Roxanne , Kros Alexander , Schneider Grégory F. , Fu Wangyang
Published: January 2022

Owing to their excellent electrical properties and chemical stability, graphene field‐effect transistors (Gr‐FET) are extensively studied for biosensing applications. However, hinging on surface interactions of charged biomolecules, the sensitivity of Gr‐FET is hampered by ionic screening under physiological conditions with high salt concentrations up to frequencies as high as MHz. Here, an electrolyte‐gated Gr‐FET in reflectometry mode at ultrahigh frequencies (UHF, around 2 GHz), where the ionic screening is fully cancelled and the dielectric sensitivity of the device allows the Gr‐FET to directly function in high‐salt solutions, is configured. Strikingly, by simultaneous characterization using electrolyte gating and UHF reflectometry, the developed graphene biosensors offer unprecedented capability for real‐time monitoring of dielectric‐specified biomolecular/cell interactions/activities, with superior limit of detection compared to that of previously reported nanoscale high‐frequency sensors. These achievements highlight the unique potential of ultrahigh‐frequency operation for unblocking the true potential of graphene biosensors for point‐of‐care diagnostic.