bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obesity-induced immune dysfunction and immunosuppression: TEM observation of visceral and subcutaneous lymph node microarchitecture and immune cell interactions
Authors: Solt Claudia M. , Hill Jessica L. , Vanderpool Kim , Foster Michelle T.
Published: May 2019

Background

Inflammation, induced by excessive adiposity, links obesity to disease risk yet little attention has been devoted to the lymphoid tissues embedded within adipose tissue depots. Lymph nodes are the primary site for the development of protective immunity, hence any disease process that affects these tissues will also directly impact immunity. Here we examined how obesity alters secondary lymphatic tissue structure and encapsulated immune cells.

Materials and methods

Four-month-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed standard rodent chow or a Western high fat diet (HFD) for 6 months. Center regions of visceral and subcutaneous lymph nodes (SQLNS) were observed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Results

Compared with chow, HFD-induced obesity deleteriously modified the structural microarchitecture and immune cell morphology of visceral and SQLNs. In HFD mice, fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) were dysregulated while laying among excessive amounts of disorganized collagen (C). In addition HFD lymph nodes contained a disproportionate amount of cellular debris from damaged or dead cells, increased sinus spacing and decreased immune cell interactions. Specifically, dendritic cells (DCs) that are necessary for adaptive immune response where embedded among extracellular debris with decreased pseudopodia. Similarly, the extraneous fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) in HFD mice limited contact between lymphocytes (LCs) causing their microvilli extensions to decrease.

Discussion

Overall, excessive C production within lymph nodes, driven by diet-induced obesity, creates a physical barrier that impedes proper lymph flow and cellular communication. Obesity-induced disorganization of the immune cell guidance network interrupts immune cell adhesion and consequently inhibits travel within cortex regions needed for cell interactions, survival and proliferation.
Accelerated wound healing process in rat by probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri derived ointment
Authors: Khodaii Zohreh , Afrasiabi Saman , Hashemi Seied Ali , Ardeshirylajimi Abdolreza , Natanzi Mahboobeh Mehrabani
Published: May 2019

Background

Antioxidant agents have positive effects on wound healing process and on the other hand probiotics also have great antioxidation or oxidation-resistance properties.

Methods

In this study, we investigated the effects of Lactobacillus reuteri derived ointment as a probiotic bacterium on the wound healing process using a full-thickness rat skin model. The wound diameter and contraction percent measurement, histopathological examination, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity evaluation were carried out during the period of study.

Results

Amount of deposit collagen was significantly increased; epithelization speed and epidermis production were also observed in the ointment-treated group, while the inflammation rate was also significantly lower than the control group. In addition, a significant reduction in the activity of enzyme MPO was also detected in the ointment-treated group.

Conclusions

According to the results, probiotic ointment effectively accelerates the wound healing process and it can be used as a promising drug for wound dressing application.
Handedness Matters for Motor Control But Not for Prediction
Authors: Mathew James , Sarlegna Fabrice R. , Bernier Pierre-Michel , Danion Frederic R.
Published: May 2019

Skilled motor behavior relies on the ability to control the body and to predict the sensory consequences of this control. Although there is ample evidence that manual dexterity depends on handedness, it remains unclear whether control and prediction are similarly impacted. To address this issue, right-handed human participants performed two tasks with either the right or the left hand. In the first task, participants had to move a cursor with their hand so as to track a target that followed a quasi-random trajectory. This hand-tracking task allowed testing the ability to control the hand along an imposed trajectory. In the second task, participants had to track with their eyes a target that was self-moved through voluntary hand motion. This eye-tracking task allowed testing the ability to predict the visual consequences of hand movements. As expected, results showed that hand tracking was more accurate with the right hand than with the left hand. In contrast, eye tracking was similar in terms of spatial and temporal gaze attributes whether the target was moved by the right or the left hand. Although these results extend previous evidence for different levels of control by the two hands, they show that the ability to predict the visual consequences of self-generated actions does not depend on handedness. We propose that the greater dexterity exhibited by the dominant hand in many motor tasks stems from advantages in control, not in prediction. Finally, these findings support the notion that prediction and control are distinct processes.
Persistent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia in children with Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome
Authors: Welters Alena , El-Khairi Ranna , Dastamani Antonia , Bachmann Nadine , Bergmann Carsten , Gilbert Clare , Clement Emma , Hurst Jane A , Quercia Nada , Wasserman Jonathan D , Meissner Thomas , Shah Pratik , Kummer Sebastian
Published: May 2019

Objective

Genetic aetiology remains unknown in up to 50% of patients with persistent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (HH). Several syndromes are associated with HH. We report Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RSTS) as one of the possible causes of persistent HH. Early diagnosis and treatment of HH is crucial to prevent hypoglycaemic brain injury.

Design

Four RSTS patients with HH were retrospectively analysed.

Methods

Genetic investigations included next-generation sequencing-based gene panels and exome sequencing. Clinical characteristics, metabolic profile during hypoglycaemia and treatment were reviewed.

Results

Disease-related EP300 or CREBBP variants were found in all patients, no pathogenic variants were found in a panel of genes associated with non-syndromic HH. Two patients had classic manifestations of RSTS, three had choanal atresia or stenosis. Diagnosis of HH varied from 1 day to 18 months of age. One patient was unresponsive to treatment with diazoxide, octreotide and nifedipine, but responded to sirolimus. All required gastrostomy feeding.

Conclusions

Given the rarity of RSTS (1:125 000) and HH (1:50 000), our observations indicate an association between these two conditions. We therefore recommend that clinicians should be vigilant in screening for HH in symptomatic infants with RSTS. In children with an apparent syndromic form of HH, RSTS should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
MCP-1 deficiency enhances browning of adipose tissue via increased M2 polarization
Authors: Rajasekaran Monisha , Sul Ok-Joo , Choi Eun-Kyung , Kim Ji-Eun , Suh Jae-Hee , Choi Hye-Seon
Published: May 2019

Obesity is strongly associated with chronic inflammation for which adipose tissue macrophages play a critical role. The objective of this study is to identify monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, CCL2) as a key player governing M1–M2 macrophage polarization and energy balance. We evaluated body weight, fat mass, adipocyte size and energy expenditure as well as core body temperature of Ccl2 knockout mice compared with wild-type mice. Adipose tissues, differentiated adipocyte and bone marrow-derived macrophages were assessed by qPCR, Western blot analysis and histochemistry. MCP-1 deficiency augmented energy expenditure by promoting browning in white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue activity via increasing the expressions of Ucp1, Prdm16, Tnfrsf9, Ppargc1a, Nrf1 and Th and mitochondrial DNA copy number. MCP-1 abrogation promoted M2 polarization which is characterized by increased expression of Arg1, Chil3, Il10 and Klf4 whereas it decreased M1 polarization by decreased p65 nuclear translocation and attenuated expression of Itgax, Tnf and Nos2, leading to increased browning of adipocytes. Enhanced M2 polarization and attenuated M1 polarization in the absence of MCP-1 are independent. Collectively, our results suggest that the action of MCP-1 in macrophages modulates energy expenditure by impairing browning in adipose tissue.
Проблеми міждисциплінарних досліджень у епідеміології аутизму
Authors: Когутяк Надія
Published: May 2019

У статті здійснюється ретроспективний огляд «аутизму» як розладу. Розгляда­ються найбільш вагомі спроби щодо систематизації симптомокомплексу, епідеміологічних досліджень, дискусійність нижньої вікової межі діагностики. Аналізується ефективність напрямків психологічної складової у мультидисциплінарній комплексній допомозі, як от терапевтично-освітніх програм у поведінковому, соціально-когнітивному та сенсорно-інтегративному напрямках. Розробка та впровадження на загальнодержавному рівні ефек­тивних та гуманних способів лікування та менеджменту розвитку для дітей з РСА є пріо­ритетом у розвитку його епідеміології.
Роль навчально-виробничої практики у професійному становленні студентів соціономічних професій
Authors: Борисюк Алла
Published: May 2019

У статті здійснено аналіз ролі навчально-виробничої практики у професійному ста­новленні майбутніх фахівців. Особливу увагу приділено взаємозв’язку теоретичної, прак­тичної підготовки та особистісного розвитку у професійному становленні майбутнього фахівця на прикладі підготовки медичних психологів. Показано взаємозв’язок професійно значущих та особистісних якостей майбутніх фахівців. Підкреслено важливість клієнт­ського досвіду в професійній підготовці лікаря-психолога. Автором подано дослідження становлення професійної ідентичності на прикладі студентів спеціальності «Медична психологія».
Factors That Determine the Closure or Jeopardize the Continuity of a Micro and Small Enterprise
Authors: Aguilar Rascón Oscar Cuauhtémoc , Velázquez Rafael Posada
Published: May 2019

This paper explores the factors that determine the closure or jeopardize the continuity of micro and small enterprises (MSEs). We investigated the determinants of failure from the entrepreneur’s perspective using a qualitative approach, and five variables emerged. We discovered that there are internal and external variables that impact on an enterprise’s continuity, which are themselves correlated. We applied a formula to determine which variable had a higher weight, considering values ranging from 0 to 1, and the asymmetry is to the right. The instrument was applied to 35,571 MSEs, 26,720 of which were open and 8,851 were closed. 33,576 are Mexican and 1,995 Colombian enterprises.
Understanding Social Entrepreneurial Intention Through Social Cognitive Career Theory: a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling Approach
Authors: Aure Patrick Adriel P. , Dui Rayan P. , Jimenez Shieradel V. , Daradar Denver D. , Gutierrez Alvin Neil A. , Blasa Angelique C. , Sy-Changco Joseph
Published: May 2019

This research attempted to find empirical evidence that examines the drivers of social entrepreneurial intentions (SEI) through the lens of social cognitive career theory (SCCT).  Since the SCCT model of SEI is still in the early stages and needs to be further developed, experts recommend the use of partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to analyze data collected from 294 business students from a Philippine university.  To account for observed heterogeneity, differences among senior high school and college business students were explored via multigroup analysis (PLS-MGA).  Across all respondents, perceived support and internal outcome expectations have the strongest total effects on SEI, while self-efficacy and agreeableness have marginally significant direct effects and significant indirect effects on SEI.  This study contributed to the field of social entrepreneurship by looking at alternate and developing explanations to the formation of SEI apart from conceptual models based on the theory of planned behavior.
Upgrading Crude Biodiesel dari Minyak Goreng Bekas menggunakan Katalis H-Zeolit
Authors: Aziz Isalmi , Tafdila Muhammad Akbar , Nurbayti Siti , Adhani Lisa , Permata Wahyu
Published: May 2019

Crude biodiesel hasil transesterifikasi minyak goreng bekas dapat ditingkatkan kualitasnya melalui proses catalytic cracking menggunakan zeolit alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kondisi optimum proses catalytic cracking dan sifat fisika dan kimia biofuel yang dihasilkan. Reaksi dijalankan dalam reaktor dengan memvariasikan waktu (1, 2 dan 3 jam), konsentrasi katalis (3, 5 dan 7 %), ukuran partikel katalis (180, 250 dan 630μm) dan suhu reaksi (325, 350 dan 375°C). Kondisi optimum proses catalytic cracking crude biodiesel didapatkan pada : waktu  3 jam, konsentrasi katalis 7%, ukuran partikel katalis 180 μm dan suhu reaksi 375°C. Biofuel yang dihasilkan mengandung 6,26% fraksi bensin(C5-C11); 17,6% kerosin (C12-C15), 47,73% biodiesel (C16-C20) dan asam lemak 28,4%. Analisis sifat fisik menunjukan densitas 0,9631g/mL, titik tuang 12°C, titik nyala  49°C dan angka oktan 72,6. Kata kunci: catalytic cracking, crude biodiesel, angka oktan, biofuel. Crude biodiesel from transesterification of used cooking oil can be improved in quality through catalytic cracking using natural zeolite. This study aims to determine the optimum conditions for catalytic cracking and the physical and chemical properties of biofuels produced. The reaction was carried out in the reactor by varying the time (1, 2 and 3 hours), catalyst concentration (3, 5 and 7%), catalyst particle size (180, 250 and 630 μm) and reaction temperature (325, 350 and 375°C) . The optimum conditions for the catalytic cracking crude biodiesel process were obtained at: 3 hours, 7% catalyst concentration, catalyst particle size 180 μm and reaction temperature 375 ° C. The resulting biofuel contains 6.26% gasoline fraction (C5-C11); 17.6% kerosene (C12-C15), 47.73% biodiesel (C16-C20) and fatty acids 28.4%. Physical properties analysis showed density of 0.9631g/mL, pour point 12°C, flash point 49°C and octane number 72.6. Keywords: Catalytic cracking, crude biodiesel, octane number, biofuel.
Outpatient Prescription Opioid Use in Pediatric Medicaid Enrollees With Special Health Care Needs
Authors: Feinstein James A. , Rodean Jonathan , Hall Matt , Doupnik Stephanie K. , Gay James C. , Markham Jessica L. , Bettenhausen Jessica L. , Simmons Julia , Garrity Brigid , Berry Jay G.
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Although potentially dangerous, little is known about outpatient opioid exposure (OE) in children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN). We assessed the prevalence and types of OE and the diagnoses and health care encounters proximal to OE in CYSHCN.

METHODS:

This is a retrospective cohort study of 2 597 987 CYSHCN aged 0-to-18 years from 11 states, continuously enrolled in Medicaid in 2016, with ≥1 chronic condition. OE included any filled prescription (single or multiple) for opioids. Health care encounters were assessed within 7 days before and 7 and 30 days after OE.

RESULTS:

Among CYSHCN, 7.4% had OE. CYSHCN with OE versus without OE were older (ages 10–18 years: 69.4% vs 47.7%), had more chronic conditions (≥3 conditions: 49.1% vs 30.6%), and had more polypharmacy (≥5 other medication classes: 54.7% vs 31.2%), P < .001 for all. Most (76.7%) OEs were single fills with a median duration of 4 days (interquartile range: 3–6). The most common OEs were acetaminophen-hydrocodone (47.5%), acetaminophen-codeine (21.5%), and oxycodone (9.5%). Emergency department visits preceded 28.8% of OEs, followed by outpatient surgery (28.8%) and outpatient specialty care (19.1%). Most OEs were preceded by a diagnosis of infection (25.9%) or injury (22.3%). Only 35.1% and 62.2% of OEs were associated with follow-up visits within 7 and 30 days, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

OE in CYSHCN is common, especially with multiple chronic conditions and polypharmacy. In subsequent studies, researchers should examine the appropriateness of opioid prescribing, particularly in emergency departments, as well as assess for drug interactions with chronic medications and reasons for insufficient follow-up.
PERKEMBANGAN SALURAN DAN SISTEM PENCERNAAN PADA LARVA IKAN TUNA SIRIP KUNING, Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788)
Authors: Gunawan Gunawan , Hutapea Jhon Harianto , Setiadi Ananto , Mahardika Ketut
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan saluran dan sistem pencernaan pada larva ikan tuna sirip kuning Thunnus albacores (Bonnaterre, 1788). Sampel larva diambil setiap hari dari larva baru menetas (D-0) sampai D-13, dan selanjutnya dilakukan sampling pada D-15 dan D-20. Semua sampel di foto dengan program ACT-1 dan diproses secara histologi. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan larva D-0 belum memiliki saluran pencernaan, mulut, dan mata belum terbuka. Pada D-1 saluran pencernaan mulai terbentuk, tetapi masih dalam bentuk tabung lurus. Mulut larva mulai terbuka pada D-2 (45 jam setelah menetas pada suhu air pemeliharaan 28°C). Kuning telur sudah diserap sepenuhnya pada D-3, saluran dan organ pencernaan seperti mulut, esofagus, lambung, ginjal, hati, pankreas, usus, rektum, dan anus sudah terbentuk. Pada D-5 mulai muncul mikro philli pada usus untuk mengabsorbsi nutrisi. Sel-sel penyusun hati, jantung, saluran pencernaan sudah tumbuh dan berkembang menyerupai organ ikan dewasa, ditandai adanya pakan dalam usus. Saluran dan sistem pencernaan telah berdiferensiasi menjadi organ dalam seperti pada ikan dewasa pada hari ke-6 (D-6) dan akan sempurna pada D-20 dengan TL ± 2 cm. Berdasarkan perkembangan pencernaan, maka pakan awal berupa rotifer sebaiknya diberikan pada hari ke-2 (43 jam setelah menetas pada suhu air 28°C).The aim of this study was to observe the development of tract and digestive system on yellowfin tuna larvae. Tuna larvae were collected daily from rearing tank at hatching day 0 (D-0) to 13 (D-13). Samples of larvae were selected at D-15 and D-20. All samples were observed under light microscopy, documented and then histologically processed. The results showed that the digestive tract began to form on the larvae at day-1 which was still in the form of a straight tube. The mouth of the larvae starts to open on D-2 (45 hours after hatching at a water temperature of 28°C). At D-3, the larvae’s yolk sac was fully absorbed, and its intestine contained a single type of food which was rotifer. The digestive tract and internal organs were formed such as the mouth, esophagus, stomach, kidney, liver, pancreas, intestine, rectum, and anus which indicated that the larvae can eat and digest food. At D-5, microvilli began to develop in the intestine to absorb nutrients. The cells of the liver, heart, digestive tract had grown and evolved to resemble that of mature fish organs characterized by feed in the gut. The tract and digestive system have differentiated into internal organs such as in adult fish at D-6 and fully developed in D-20 with TL ± 2 cm. Based on the present finding, it is suggested that the initial feeding of tuna larvae using zooplankton (rotifer) could be done at day two (43 hours) post-hatching at a water temperature of 28°C.
Preparation of cenosphere microcapsules and their application in foam concrete
Authors: Liu Zhong-Wei , Zhao Kang , Tang Yu-fei , Hu Chi
Published: May 2019

In this study, hydrogen fluoride (HF) was used to generate perforated holes in cenospheres. The cavities of the cenospheres were then filled with coagulants (calcium chloride (CaCl2)) and encapsulated in polyvinyl alcohol to obtain cenosphere microcapsules. The release curve of the cenosphere microcapsules in deionised water was tested using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid titrimetry, and the corresponding release mechanism was studied. Foam concrete (800 kg/m3) was prepared using the physical foaming method with 42·5R ordinary Portland cement, a vegetable protein foaming agent, fly ash, coagulant and the cenosphere microcapsules. Sample characterisation was performed using a rheometer, SEM systems and image-analysis software. The results demonstrated that the calcium chloride release rate of the cenosphere microcapsules was relatively low in the first 16 min, and that the cumulative release rate was 6·9%. The calcium chloride release rate increased after 16 min, the cumulative release rate reaching 58·4% at 32 min, after which the release rate decreased again. This ‘controlled-release’ phenomenon caused the cenosphere microcapsules to release only a few coagulants during the stirring and pouring stages but to release coagulants quickly during the moulding stage. Consequently, the relative viscosity of the cement slurry in the stirring and moulding stages did not increase, while the setting time of the cement paste shortened, the size stability and uniformity of the air pores in the foam concrete were enhanced, and the physical and mechanical properties of the foam concrete were improved.
Degradation progress and protection of cement mortars partially immersed in sulfate–chloride solution
Authors: Zhu Jianjian , Gao Jianming , He Zhizhang , Chen Fei
Published: May 2019

In sulfate-laden environments, salt weathering presents a serious threat to structures. Numerous explorations have focused on weathering due to partial immersion in a single-sulfate solution, but there are few studies concerning salt weathering attacks due to combined salt weathering. In this work, mortar specimens were partially immersed in a mixed solution of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and sodium chloride (NaCl) under conditions of daily temperature and humidity changes to explore the effect of sodium chloride on salt weathering. The results showed that the main destruction regime of the dry portion (the upper part) of mortars is due to sulfate physical attack and a high concentration of chloride salt can improve the resistance of mortars against sodium sulfate salt weathering by the formation of a sodium chloride crystal protective layer on the specimen surface. It was also found that protecting the upper part of the mortar with an epoxy resin coating can protect mortars from salt weathering.
Oxygen permeability and structural stability of CO2-stable SDC–SSCFG dual-phase membrane
Authors: Yang Junwen , Tian Qiang , Tang Xia , Zhang Xinle , Li Qian , Wu Chengzhang
Published: May 2019

Ce0·8Sm0·2O2−δ –Sm0·3Sr0·7Co0·6Fe0·3Ga0·1O3−δ dual-phase membranes with different weight ratios were successfully developed, and the microstructure, structural stability, oxygen (O2) permeability and oxygen permeation stability using helium (He) or carbon dioxide (CO2) as sweeping gas were systematically investigated. It is found that the oxygen fluxes through dual-phase membranes decrease with the increase in Ce0·8Sm0·2O2−δ content. The oxygen permeation flux of 80Ce0·8Sm0·2O2−δ –20Sm0·3Sr0·7Co0·6Fe0·3Ga0·1O3−δ dual-phase membrane reaches 0·48 ml/(min cm2) with pure carbon dioxide as the sweeping gas. By reducing the thickness of the membrane and porous Sm0·7Sr0·3CoO3−δ activation layer coating on the permeate side, a stable flux of 0·62 ml/(min cm2) can be obtained during a long-term oxygen permeation operation for 100 h. The Ce0·8Sm0·2O2−δ –Sm0·3Sr0·7Co0·6Fe0·3Ga0·1O3−δ dual-phase membranes show excellent oxygen permeability and structural stability in carbon dioxide atmosphere and could have great potential application in oxy-fuel techniques for carbon dioxide capture and storage.
The Role of U.S. Monetary Policy in Global Banking Crises
Authors: Durdu Bora , Zer Ilknur , Martin Alex
Published: May 2019

We examine the role of U.S. monetary policy in global financial stability by using a cross-country database spanning the period from 1870-2010 across 69 countries. U.S. monetary policy tightening increases the probability of banking crises for those countries with direct linkages to the U.S., either in the form of trade links or significant share of USD-denominated liabilities. Conversely, if a country is integrated globally, rather than having a direct exposure, the effect is ambiguous. One possible channel we identify is capital flows: If the correction in capital flows is disorderly (e.g., sudden stops), the probability of banking crises increases. These findings suggest that the effect of U.S. monetary policy in global banking crises is not uniform and largely dependent on the nature of linkages with the U.S.
Bond Risk Premiums at the Zero Lower Bound
Authors: Andreasen Martin M. , Joergensen Kasper , Meldrum Andrew
Published: May 2019

This paper documents a significantly stronger relationship between the slope of the yield curve and future excess bond returns on Treasuries from 2008-2015 than before 2008. This new predictability result is not matched by the standard shadow rate model with Gaussian factor dynamics, but extending the model with regime-switching in the (physical) dynamics of the factors at the lower bound resolves this shortcoming. The model is also consistent with the downwards trend in surveys on short rate expectations at long horizons, but requires a break in the level of its factors to closely fit the low level of these surveys since 2015.
The costs and benefits of liquidity regulations: Lessons from an idle monetary policy tool
Authors: Curfman Christopher J. , Kandrac John
Published: May 2019

We investigate how liquidity regulations affect banks by examining a dormant monetary policy tool that functions as a liquidity regulation. Our identification strategy uses a regression kink design that relies on the variation in a marginal high-quality liquid asset (HQLA) requirement around an exogenous threshold. We show that mandated increases in HQLA cause banks to reduce credit supply. Liquidity requirements also depress banks&#x27; profitability, though some of the regulatory costs are passed on to liability holders. We document a prudential benefit of liquidity requirements by showing that banks subject to a higher requirement before the financial crisis had lower odds of failure.
Construção do perfil sociodemográfico e clínico de indivíduos de uma microárea pertencente a uma estratégia de saúde da família: ações do pet-graduasus
Authors: Rezende Bruna , Bertelli Caroline , Almeida Karoline Oliveira , Zell Clauceane Venzke , Franz Ediane Borges Torres , De Oliveira Lisiane , Sanfelice Priscila Borges , Possuelo Lia Gonçalves
Published: May 2019

Objetivo: analisar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico de indivíduos da microárea dez pertencente a uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família do município de Santa Cruz do Sul. Método: através de um estudo quantitativo e transversal, realizado de junho a agosto de 2016, utilizaram-se as fichas disponibilizadas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde Eletrônico (e-SUS), as quais serviram como base para realização do cadastro individual dos usuários pertencentes a microárea, em que avaliou-se a idade, cor da pele, sexo, escolaridade, situação de trabalho e patologias referidas da população. Resultados: foram considerados para a pesquisa 224 (80%) cadastros. A idade dos moradores variou de 0 a 76 anos. Quanto aos dados referentes à escolaridade e situação laboral foram considerados apenas os indivíduos entre 18 e 59 anos, passando a utilizar um total de 120 (52%) cadastros. Visualizou-se que 71 (60%) dos moradores não haviam concluído o ensino fundamental e que 62 (52%) dos mesmos estavam desempregados no momento da coleta. Para análise da situação de saúde utilizou-se os 224 cadastros, onde pode se observar que 20 (9%) dos moradores tem hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS), destes 16 (80%) eram mulheres com uma média de idade de 57 anos. Conclusão: o cadastramento individual é de suma importância para que dados referentes ao nível de escolaridade, situação laboral e de patologias referidas sejam analisados e sirvam como direcionadores das atividades realizadas pelas Estratégias de Saúde da Família, além de aumentar o vínculo usuário-serviço.
Uso de projeto terapêutico singular e transdisciplinaridade em casos difíceis de lesão por pressão do Hospital das Clínicas da USP Ribeirão Preto
Authors: Montenegro Sayane Marlla Silva Leite , Farias Daniel Lima de
Published: May 2019

Introdução: a utilização do Projeto Terapêutico Singular (PTS) como um dispositivo que enfatiza o trabalho com a singularidade do sujeito é uma forma de contrapor os ideais universalizantes que predominam na instituição. Neste sentido esta prática justifica-se por melhorar a comunicação entre os profissionais envolvidos no cuidado com o paciente e com o paciente e familiares. Objetivo: descrever como se deu o tratamento de duas pacientes acometidas por Lesões por Pressão (LPP) de difícil condução terapêutica com a prática do PTS. Método: a construção metodológica do PTS visa parcerias e uso de transdisciplinaridade e multidisciplinaridade, pois devem ser compartilhadas ações através da participação dos sujeitos e da identificação das necessidades percebidas, e principalmente sentidas e reconhecidas pelos diversos atores envolvidos. Após a realização do PTS foi feita uma matriz swot para delinear as fraquezas, oportunidades, forças e ameaças vislumbradas pelo grupo de trabalho. Resultados: realizado o PTS com base na proposta de Wanda de Aguiar Horta e proposta de intervenções frente a equipe multiprofissional. Esta estratégia de condução e comunicação com equipe multiprofissional e paciente está sendo desenvolvida desde maio de 2018, com inserção de dois casos de difícil de resolução, na qual também foi realizada uma Matriz Swot para melhor delineamento dos pontos fracos, fortes e as oportunidades de melhoria no caso da condução do tratamento da paciente em questão. Dos dois casos analisados neste estudo foram descritos os problemas, metas, responsáveis, colaborações e prazos. Os prazos foram cumpridos em pela equipe, pelas pacientes e pelos familiares, haja vista um trabalho tri dimensional (paciente, serviço e família). Conclusão: durante este estudo observou-se uma adesão relevante da equipe como um todo e cumprimento de todas as metas elaboradas, neste sentido o PTS tornou-se uma realidade dentro do grupo de trabalho com LPP de difícil resolução.
Criminological Risks of Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Begishev Ildar , Khisamova Zarina
Published: May 2019

The topics of artificial intelligence (AI) and the development of intelligent technologies are highly relevant and important in the modern digital world. Over its fifty years of history, AI has developed from a theoretical concept to an intelligent system capable of making independent decisions. Key advantages of using AI include, primarily, an opportunity for mankind to get rid of routine work and to engage in creative activities that machines are not capable of. According to international consulting agencies, global business investments in digital transformation will reach 58 trillion USD by 2021, while global GDP will grow by 14 %, or 15.7 trillion USD, in connection with the active use of AI. However, its rapid evolvement poses new threats connected with AI’s ability to self-develop that the state and the society have to counteract; specifically, they have to introduce normative regulation of AI activities and to address threats arising from its functioning. The authors present a thorough analysis of the opinions of leading researchers in the field of social aspects of AI’s functioning. They also state that the regulation of the status of AI as a legal personality, not to mention its ability to commit legally meaningful actions, remains an open question today. At present, the process of creating a criminological basis for applying AI, connected with the development of new intelligent technologies, is underway, it requires actions and decisions aimed at preventing possible negative effects of its use and reacting to them on a state level. The authors’ analysis of the history of AI’s emergence and development has allowed them to outline its key features that pose criminological risks, to determine criminological risks of using AI and to present their own classification of such risks. In particular, they single out direct and indirect criminological risks of using AI. A detailed analysis has allowed the authors to identify an objective need for establishing special state agencies that will develop state policy in the sphere of normative legal regulation, control and supervision over the use of AI.
Sadomasochism in the Genesis of Violent Sexual Behavior
Authors: Semerikova Alla
Published: May 2019

The last few years have witnessed a considerable increase in the share of persons guilty of violent sexual crimes who have been diagnosed with sexual preferences’ disorders in the form of sadomasochism. There has been a growth in quantitative and a change in qualitative indices of violent sexual crimes which are manifested in more brutal violence, greater physical harm, causing extra suffering not aimed at overcoming the victim’s resistance but acting as a source of additional sexual stimulation. A considerable share of crimes (86 %) is connected with torturing and humiliating victims. These facts testify that there is a correlation between the escalation of sexual violence and sexual preferences’ disorders. The author has conducted a criminological and psychological-psychiatric study of persons guilty of violent sexual crimes that showed that 25 % of participants were diagnosed with sexual preferences’ disorders; besides, 60 % of them had sexual preferences disorders of sadomasochism, mainly in its active form. The author believes that sadomasochism as a psychiatric disorder and sadomasochism as a form of sexual violence have a number of similar manifestations that include violence, cruelty as absolute indifference to the sufferings and the fate of the victim; nevertheless, these destructive phenomena considerably differ in motivation. The current study outlines the diagnostic criteria of sadomasochism which contribute to the correct assessment of a violent sexual offence; it determines the causes and origins of this paraphilia, its impact on the emergence of violent sexual motivation; the study draws clear distinctions between sadomasochism as a psychic disorder accompanied by the weakening of control mechanisms and the disruption in volitional control, and BDSM relationships that are part of modern destructive sexual culture. Research results make it possible to considerably simplify the assessment of the psychic condition of persons who have committed violent sexual crimes; they also help to an important cause of violent sexual crimes, which could become the basis for creating an optimal system for preventing criminal sexual violence.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Solid Phase Extraction followed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography as an Efficient and Sensitive Technique for Determination of Meropenem in Human Plasma and Urine
Authors: Amlashi Hamoon Sami , Daryasari Ameneh Porgham , Soleimani Mojtaba
Published: May 2019

A new and selective sorbent for molecularly imprinted polymer solid-phase extraction (MIP-SPE) was prepared to extract meropenem from plasma and urine samples. The extracted analyte was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with photodiode array detection. Methacrylic acid (MAA) as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as cross-linker, azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator and meropenem as a template molecule were used for the MIP preparation. Imprinted meropenem molecule was removed from the polymeric structure using acetonitrile in water (1:9, v/v), as the eluent solvent. Under the optimized conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 35 and 120μg L-1, respectively. The developed MIP-SPE method demonstrates that it could be applied for the determination of meropenem in plasma and urine samples. Keywords: Molecularly imprinted polymer, solid-phase extraction, meropenem, human urine and plasma, high-performance liquid chromatography.
Role of FBXW7 in the quiescence of gefitinib-resistant lung cancer stem cells in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hidayat Moulid , Mitsuishi Yoichiro , Takahashi Fumiyuki , Tajima Ken , Yae Toshifumi , Miyahara Katsumi , Hayakawa Daisuke , Winardi Wira , Ihara Hiroaki , Koinuma Yoshika , Wirawan Aditya , Nurwidya Fariz , Kato Motoyasu , Kobayashi Isao , Sasaki Shinichi , Takamochi Kazuya , Hayashi Takuo , Suehara Yoshiyuki , Moriyama Mariko , Moriyama Hiroyuki , Habu Sonoko , Takahashi Kazuhisa
Published: May 2019

Several recent studies suggest that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are involved in intrinsic resistance to cancer treatment. Maintenance of quiescence is crucial for establishing resistance of CSCs to cancer therapeutics. F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 7 (FBXW7) is a ubiquitin ligase that regulates quiescence by targeting the c-MYC protein for ubiquitination. We previously reported that gefitinib-resistant persisters (GRPs) in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells highly expressed octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4) as well as the lung CSC marker CD133, and they exhibited distinctive features of the CSC phenotype. However, the role of FBXW7 in lung CSCs and their resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors in NSCLC is not fully understood. In this study, we developed GRPs from the two NSCLC cell lines PC9 and HCC827, which express an EGFR exon 19 deletion mutation, by treatment with a high concentration of gefitinib. The GRPs from both PC9 and HCC827 cells expressed high levels of CD133 and FBXW7, but low levels of c-MYC. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that the majority of GRPs existed in the G0/G1 phase. Knockdown of the FBXW7 gene significantly reduced the cell number of CD133-positive GRPs and reversed the cell population in the G0/G1-phase. We also found that FBXW7 expression in CD133-positive cells was increased and c-MYC expression was decreased in gefitinib-resistant tumors of PC9 cells in mice and in 9 out of 14 tumor specimens from EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients with acquired resistance to gefitinib. These findings suggest that FBXW7 plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of quiescence in gefitinib-resistant lung CSCs in EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC.
Aktif Co-Ti (II) -B alaşım katalizörlerinin hidrojen üretiminde NaBH4 hidroliz reaksiyonu ve çevresel etkiler için kinetik özelliklerin analizi
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Oğuz Kaan
Published: May 2019

Aktif

olmayan soy metallerin ilavesi, katalizörün katalitik performansını etkiler. Bu

çalışmada, sodyum borohidrit (NaBH4) 'in katalitik hidroliziyle

hidrojen üretimi için TiCl2 metal tuzundan yeni ve verimli bir üçlü

Kobalt-Titanyum (II) -Borid (Co-Ti(II)-B) katalizörleri hazırlanmıştır.

Co-Ti(II)-B katalizörü yardımıyla, hidrojen üretim oranı, farklı titanyum

konsantrasyonu, çözelti sıcaklığı, NaBH4 konsantrasyonu ve NaOH (baz

dengeleyici) konsantrasyonunun bir fonksiyonu olarak ölçülmüştür. Katalizörün

aktivitesi, termodinamik bakış açılarından analiz edilmiş ve Co-B katalizörü

ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Yüksek katalitik verimliliğe ek olarak, katalizör

ciddi koşullarda yüksek kararlılık ve aktivasyon kaybına karşı yüksek tolerans

gibi önemli özellikleri içermelidir. En yüksek hidrojen üretim oranı, %5 ağ.

Ti/(Ti + Co) molar oranı ile elde edilmiş ve bu katalizör için, optimum yakıt

konsantrasyonu, ağırlıkça %7,5 NaOH ile %7,5 NaBH4 olarak

tanımlanmıştır.
Panoramik görüntülerde gökyüzü sınır çizgisini kullanarak hareketli robotlar için yer kestirimi
Authors: KOKU Ahmet Buğra
Published: May 2019

Robotik alanındaki ilerlemeler

20. yüzyılın sonuna doğru robotları fabrika ortamlarından çıkarmıştır. Zaman

içinde robotların günlük hayatımızdaki yerinin daha da artması beklenmektedir.

Diğer taraftan, robotların fabrikalardaki güvenlikli alanlar dışında çalışmaya

başlamalarına rağmen, birçok robotun hala önceden sınırları belirlenmiş

alanlarda çalışması yapacakları işlerin doğası itibarı ile beklenmektedir.

Dolayısıyla, bir robotun işlevselliğinin artması bakımından çalışacağı bölgeyi

iyi tanıması gerekecektir. Bu çalışmada panoramik görüntülerden elde edilen

gökyüzü sınır çizgisinin robot konumlandırması için kullanılabilirliği

değerlendirilmiştir. Robotun konumlandırılması için önce ilgili bölgeden

çekilen panoramik görüntüler kullanılarak bir tür harita üretilmiş, daha sonra

aynı bölgeden farklı zaman ve hava şartlarında çekilen görüntülerin bu harita

üzerinde konumlandırması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Önerilen yöntem görüntünün küçük

bir kısmına odaklandığı için, görüntünün tümünü işleyen yöntemlere göre bu yöntem

farklı kapasitedeki (özellikle düşük hesaplama kabiliyetli) platformlarda daha

kolay uygulanabilir niteliktedir.
2a Jornada de Recerca en Enologia i Viticultura a Catalunya
Authors: autores Varios
Published: May 2019

Tots els investigadors de Catalunya relacionats amb l'àmbit de l'enologia i la viticultura, des d'un punt de vista molt ample, han estat convidats a la Jornada per presentar els seus treballs en forma de pòsters. La multiplicitat d'àmbits de coneixement que tenen que veure directament o indirectament amb el vi i la vinya queda reflectida amb aquesta recerca de qualitat que shi fa, i amb això veiem treballs de temes tan diversos que inclouen fins i tot l'arqueologia, l'economia o la salut humana.
Facilitadores y barreras para la práctica físico-deportiva en alumnado universitario con discapacidad: un estudio cualitativo
Authors: Úbeda-Colomer Joan , Molina Alventosa Pere , Campos Granell José
Published: May 2019

Problema: a pesar de los numerosos beneficios que aporta la actividad física a las personas con discapacidad, la tasa de inactividad en este colectivo es muy elevada. Objetivo: explorar, desde un modelo socio-ecológico, los facilitadores y barreras que influyen en la actividad física en tiempo de ocio del alumnado universitario con discapacidad. Metodología: perspectiva metodológica cualitativa. Se entrevistó en profundidad a cinco alumnos universitarios con discapacidad que realizan actividad física en su tiempo de ocio. Resultados: el análisis categorial de contenido realizado muestra facilitadores como el apoyo social, la motivación o el reconocimiento de beneficios, tanto físicos como psicológicos. También se encuentran barreras como la falta de información, los problemas de accesibilidad o la exclusión social. Conclusión: se subraya la necesidad de potenciar los facilitadores y minimizar las barreras identificadas para conseguir una mayor participación de las personas con discapacidad en actividades físicas.
A Comparative Evaluation of Internal Adaptation and Marginal Fitness of Two Zirconium Design Fabricated by CAD/CAM
Authors: Marqus Loura , Martani Nabeel
Published: May 2019

Objective: Full anatomic zirconia crowns had been launched to overcome the problems associated with veneering porcelain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the internal and marginal adaptation of CAD/CAM milled zirconia core to full anatomic zirconia crown.

Methods: The mandibular right first molar of a dentaform model was prepared for the full ceramic crown with deep shoulder finish line. The model was scanned using intra-oral scanner to produce ten full anatomic zirconia crowns and ten zirconia cores. The internal and marginal adaptations (that represents the cement analog) were evaluated using the replica technique with the aid of a stereomicroscope.

Results: All There was no statistically significant difference between the internal and marginal adaptation of core and full anatomic zirconia crown, while a significant difference exists between them at the occlusal point that was greater in full anatomic crown. Both groups revealed the mean gap width of 146.7 +- 18 which is significant when compared to the standard value.

Conclusions: Both zirconia core and crown revealed comparable results of marginal and internal adaptation after sintering without any effect of bulk thickness. The obtained results were greater than the acceptable range.
The Effect of Two Adhesive Agents on Shear Bond strength Between Fresh Dental Amalgam and Resin Composite
Authors: Ibraheem Aveen , Alqaysi Salam
Published: May 2019

Objective: To assess and compare the results on the bond strength of two adhesive agents that bond fresh amalgam to two types of composite restorations, and to check the mode of bond failure.

Methods: Sixty standardized circular cavities were prepared in a block of polymethyl methacrylate with standardized dimensions. Fresh amalgam was condensed to fill the cavity, then a gelatin mold with standardized dimensions was placed over the fresh amalgam,and the composite resin was bonded to the amalgam. Samples were assigned into three main groups, each containing (20) samples. G1: Amalgam bonded to composite without adhesive agent, G2: Amalgam bonded to composite by single bond universal adhesive, G3: Amalgam bonded to composite by scotch bond MPP, and each group was divided into two subgroups of (n=10) (Nanofill and Nanohybrid composite) to measure shear bond strength, which was followed by evaluation of debonding in all samples under a stereomicroscope to assess the mode of failure.

Results: All The results showed that G3 has higher shear bond strength than G1 and G2, and this is statistically significant at (p=0.001, p=0.005) respectively, while G1 has the lowest shear bond strength and a statistically non-significant difference from G2 at (p=0.539). It was also found that the type of composite resin has no effect on bond strength and statistically non-significant difference was found for any of the sub-groups. Following debonding of all the samples, they were examined under a stereomicroscope, and the adhesive failure present was about (%65), and mixed failure present about (%35), while cohesive failure was (%0).

Conclusions: Highest bond strength was found with Scotch bond multi-purpose plus (SBMPP) agent compared to other groups. The strength of the fresh amalgam bonding to the composite resin without an adhesive agent was low. The bond strength with single bond universal adhesive was lower than with the SBMPP system.
The Impact of Cerebral Palsy on The Health, Functions, and Habits of The Oral Cavity Among Children in Sulaimani City
Authors: Ahmed Dana , Garib Balkees
Published: May 2019

Objective: Identify the impact of Cerebral Palsy (CP) on oral health, function, and habits.

Methods: A thorough examination of the oral mucosa in one hundred CP children was carried out after obtaining detailed medical and dental histories. ANOVA and Chi-square tests were used to analyze the data, and p-value ≤ 0.05 considered significant. 

Results: CP children predominated by males (58%) and spastic type (64%). 27% of them visited a dentist (44.5% pain), 45% performed tooth brushing (57.8% need help), 31.8% mixed CP type only eat liquid diet. CP children had a burning tongue (11%) and halitosis (32%). Dry mouth and cracked lips were the minor symptoms. Functional limitations in chewing (34%), speech (59%), swallowing (37%) were also recorded. The majority of CP children had several oral disorders and habits including: saliva drooling (59%), mouth breathing (45%), thumb sucking (32%) and teeth bruxism (31%). Lip and tongue sucking was significantly more in ataxic type (p = 0.04). Changes in the tongue mucosa were the predominant findings (24%). 

Conclusions: The majority of CP children did not perform brushing, and few of them visited the dentist. The tongue mucosa was the most affected site. CP patients had multiple oral habits and orofacial functional difficulties predominated by drooling and mouth breathing.