bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epigallocatechin‐3‐Gallate Ameliorates Diabetic Kidney Disease by Inhibiting the TXNIP/NLRP3/IL‐1β Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Yinghui , Wang Qimeng , Wang Mingming , Wang Xueling , Liu Qingzhen , Lv Shasha , Nie Huibin , Liu Gang
Published: November 2024

Recent research indicates that the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is crucial in the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), the predominant catechin in green tea, has been noted for its anti‐inflammatory properties in DKD. However, the specific mechanisms are not yet fully understood. In this study, our objective was to explore the effects of EGCG on podocytes and in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) mice and investigate how EGCG modulates the TXNIP/NLRP3/IL‐1β signaling pathway in DKD, both in podocytes and animal models. In vitro, we co‐cultured podocytes with EGCG and detected the viability, apoptosis, inflammation and the TXNIP/NLRP3/IL‐1β signaling pathway. In vivo, DKD mice were given EGCG via oral gavage, followed by evaluations of renal function, inflammation, and the aforementioned signaling pathway. Our findings revealed that oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and the TXNIP/NLRP3/IL‐1β pathway were upregulated in podocytes exposed to high glucose (HG) and in the kidneys of DKD mice. However, EGCG treatment reduced the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its associated proteins, including TXNIP, ASC, caspase‐1, and IL‐1β, as well as the levels of ROS and inflammatory factors such as TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐18. Furthermore, in vivo, EGCG improved kidney function, reduced albuminuria and body weight, and alleviated renal pathological damage. In summary, our study suggests that EGCG mitigates inflammation in podocytes and DKD through the TXNIP/NLRP3/IL‐1β signaling pathway, indicating potential benefits of EGCG or green tea in managing DKD.
Origin of Overpressure and Its Influence on Hydrocarbon Leakage in Mosuowan Uplift of the Junggar Basin, NW China
Authors: Ding Xiujian , You Guojian , Yiming Ablimit , Liu Hailei , Jiang Wenlong , Cao Zhe , Zha Ming , Qu Jiangxiu
Published: November 2024

The Junggar Basin is one of the main petroliferous basins in Western China. The Mosuowan Uplift, located in the central part of the Junggar Basin, is a favourable hydrocarbon accumulation zone. The overpressure is widely developed in the strata below the Jurassic, and the pressure coefficient gradually increases with the buried depth, up to 2.15. Based on the multi‐logging combination method, Bowers method, sonic velocity–density cross‐plot method and combined with geological setting, using porosity data of sandstone, geochemical data of source rocks, acoustic transit time ‐resistivity cross plots and so on, the origins of overpressure in each stratum of the Mosuowan Uplift are analysed. The results show that disequilibrium compaction, pressure transfer and tectonic compression are the main reasons for the development of deep overpressure. Disequilibrium compaction is considered to be an important reason for overpressure in Jurassic, Triassic, Upper Permian Upper Wuerhe Formation and Middle Permian Lower Wuerhe Formation due to the development of multiple sets of mudstone in deep strata. The Jurassic is charged by deep overpressure fluid, and the pressure transfer also has a significant contribution to the overpressure of Jurassic. The tectonic inversion occurred in the central part of the basin at the end of the Early Permian, and the overpressure in the Middle Permian Xiazijie Formation was closely related to tectonic compression. The hydrocarbon generation of the Permian and Jurassic source rocks has little contribution to the overpressure of the Mosuowan Uplift due to the poor source rock. The Mosuowan Uplift is an inherited anticline, adjacent to hydrocarbon generation sag, which is the dominant direction of oil and gas migration, but drilling confirmed that the deep reservoir is water layer. Comprehensive analysis of maturity parameters, logging fluorescence show and quantitative fluorescence analysis indicates that overpressure caused oil and gas leakage and destroyed hydrocarbon reservoirs.
Exposure of Porcine Oocytes to Methylparaben During In Vitro Maturation Alters the Expression of Genes Involved in Cumulus Cell Expansion and Steroidogenesis, Decreasing Hyaluronic Acid and Progesterone Synthesis
Authors: Barajas‐Salinas Adyeni , Bahena Iván , Rodríguez‐Mercado Juan José , Juárez‐Rojas Lizbeth , Betancourt Miguel , Núñez‐Macías Elivier , Ramírez‐Jara Yenny , López Alma , Casas Eduardo , Bonilla Edmundo , Salazar Zayil , Casillas Fahiel
Published: November 2024

Parabens are widely used because of their antimicrobial properties in drugs, cosmetics, and food; however, it has been reported that methylparaben may adversely influence female reproduction. Methylparaben decreases oocyte in vitro maturation at a maturation inhibition concentration 50 of 780.31 μM but also decreases oocyte viability at a lethal concentration 50 of 2028.38 μM. Additionally, parabens are endocrine disruptors, affecting steroidogenesis as well as cumulus cell expansion. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate some of the mechanisms by which methylparaben alters cumulus cell expansion and decreases oocyte maturation through the evaluation of gene expression related to cumulus cell expansion, hyaluronic acid, and progesterone synthesis. For this, oocytes were exposed to different methylparaben concentrations of 0 (control), 650, 780, and 1000 μM for 20 and 44 h of in vitro maturation. The cumulus cell expansion rates, maturation rates, gene expression rates, and hyaluronic acid and progesterone concentrations were revaluated after 20 and 44 h of culture. At sublethal concentrations, methylparaben decreased in vitro maturation as well as cumulus cell expansion at 44 h. Additionally, methylparaben decreased the expression of Has2 and Cd44 at 20 and 44 h of maturation. The expression levels of Stard1, Cyp11a1, and Hsd3b1 were also altered by methylparaben exposure at 20 and 44 h of maturation, suggesting its role as an endocrine disruptor. Hyaluronic acid and progesterone concentrations in the culture medium decreased at 20 and 44 h. These findings could partially explain some of the mechanisms by which methylparaben alters female fertility.
IFN‐α treatment may enable discontinuation of TKIs in NK cell‐licensed patients with CML‐CP
Authors: Ureshino Hiroshi , Kamachi Kazuharu , Kidoguchi Keisuke , Kimura Shinya
Published: November 2024

The magnitude of the natural killer (NK) cell response contributes to the achievement of treatment‐free remission (TFR) in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and is regulated by the interaction between killer immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIRs) on NK cells and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules on target cells. The abundant combination between KIR and HLA through genetic polymorphisms determines the functional diversity of NK cells. We previously reported that KIR3DL1‐HLA‐Bw status is associated with achievement of TFR by reflecting NK cell potential. Patients with strong interaction between KIR3DL1/HLA‐Bw were identified as having a higher molecular relapse risk, based on the “missing self” hypothesis which suggests that the lack of cognate ligands for KIRs may induce target cell lysis. However, all the patients with strong interaction between KIR3DL1/HLA‐Bw who received prior IFN‐α therapy achieved TFR (p = 0.007), explained by the “NK cell licensing” concept, whereby NK cells become more functional through the recognition “self” HLA class I molecules by KIRs. NK cell licensing may contribute to the potential efficacy of IFN‐α treatment in patients with CML. We defined high‐risk molecular relapse patients and suggest that KIR3DL1/HLA‐Bw status may help detect patients who could benefit from IFN‐α for maintaining TFR.
Estimated Brain Age in Healthy Aging and Across Multiple Neurological Disorders
Authors: Chai Li , Sun Jun , Zhuo Zhizheng , Wei Ren , Xu Xiaolu , Duan Yunyun , Tian Decai , Bai Yutong , Zhang Ningnannan , Li Haiqing , Li Yuxin , Li Yongmei , Zhou Fuqing , Xu Jun , Cole James H. , Barkhof Frederik , Zhang Jianguo , Zheng Huaguang , Liu Yaou
Published: November 2024

Background

The brain aging in the general population and patients with neurological disorders is not well understood.

Purpose

To characterize brain aging in the above conditions and its clinical relevance.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

A total of 2913 healthy controls (HC), with 1395 females; 331 multiple sclerosis (MS); 189 neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD); 239 Alzheimer's disease (AD); 244 Parkinson's disease (PD); and 338 cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD).

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0 T/Three‐dimensional (3D) T1‐weighted images.

Assessment

The brain age was estimated by our previously developed model, using a 3D convolutional neural network trained on 9794 3D T1‐weighted images of healthy individuals. Brain age gap (BAG), the difference between chronological age and estimated brain age, was calculated to represent accelerated and resilient brain conditions. We compared MRI metrics between individuals with accelerated (BAG ≥ 5 years) and resilient brain age (BAG ≤ −5 years) in HC, and correlated BAG with MRI metrics, and cognitive and physical measures across neurological disorders.

Statistical Tests

Student's t test, Wilcoxon test, chi‐square test or Fisher's exact test, and correlation analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

In HC, individuals with accelerated brain age exhibited significantly higher white matter hyperintensity (WMH) and lower regional brain volumes than those with resilient brain age. BAG was significantly higher in MS (10.30 ± 12.6 years), NMOSD (2.96 ± 7.8 years), AD (6.50 ± 6.6 years), PD (4.24 ± 4.8 years), and cSVD (3.24 ± 5.9 years) compared to HC. Increased BAG was significantly associated with regional brain atrophy, WMH burden, and cognitive impairment across neurological disorders. Increased BAG was significantly correlated with physical disability in MS (r = 0.17).

Data Conclusion

Healthy individuals with accelerated brain age show high WMH burden and regional volume reduction. Neurological disorders exhibit distinct accelerated brain aging, correlated with impaired cognitive and physical function.

Level of Evidence

4

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Epidemiological Surveillance and Genomic Characterization of Soochong Virus From Apodemus Species Using Multiplex PCR‐Based Next‐Generation Sequencing, Republic of Korea
Authors: Park Kyungmin , No Jin Sun , Prayitno Sara P. , Seo Ye‐rin , Lee Seung‐Ho , Noh Juyoung , Kim Jongwoo , Kim Seong‐Gyu , Cho Hee‐Kyung , Natasha Augustine , Kim Bohyeon , Park Jieun , Kim Won‐Keun , Song Jin‐Won
Published: November 2024

Orthohantavirus hantanense causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Eurasia, posing a substantial public health threat. Although the Hantaan virus is the primary etiological agent in the Republic of Korea (ROK), evidence suggests the potential zoonotic transmission of the Amur virus (AMRV), closely related to the Soochong virus (SOOV), to humans in China and Russia. This study examined 31 Apodemus spp. captured from six regions in Gangwon Province, ROK, between 2015 and 2018. Of these, 5/31 (16.1%) tested positive for anti‐SOOV immunoglobulin G and SOOV RNA, with 3/6 (50%) in Hongcheon‐gun and 2/5 (40%) in Pyeongchang‐gun. Utilizing a multiplex polymerase chain reaction‐based next‐generation sequencing approach, we achieved complete genomic sequencing of SOOV from rodent lung tissues, with coverage rates of 90.3%−98.2% for the S segment, 92.3%−98.1% for the M segment, and 88.1%−93.0% for the L segment. Five novel whole‐genome sequences of SOOV were obtained from rodents in Hongcheon‐gun and Pyeongchang‐gun, representing the first documented SOOV in Pyeongchang‐gun. The evolutionary rate analysis of SOOV tripartite genomes demonstrated lower divergence in the S segment. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a well‐supported divergence of the SOOV and AMRV lineages across the ROK, China, and Russia, with incongruences suggesting differential segment evolution. Co‐divergence analysis indicated the inter‐species transmission of SOOV Aa18‐104 from Apodemus agrarius in Pyeongchang‐gun. The high zoonotic potential of all SOOV strains underscores the need for extensive monitoring and surveillance. This report provides crucial insights for the development of effective control strategies against hantaviral outbreaks in the ROK.
The Paleo‐Serchio River: history of floods between Lucca and Pisa during the Roman period
Authors: Bini Monica , Caroti Alberto , Cantini Federico , Fabiani Fabio , Fiorentini Marco , Fornaciari Antonio , Isola Ilaria , Lazzarotti Marco , Luppichini Marco , Mensing Scott , Palli Jordan , Piovesan Gianluca , Zanchetta Giovanni
Published: November 2024

The reconstruction of flood frequency beyond the Instrumental Era is challenging and mostly based on historical sources, but it rarely covers more than the last 1000 years when abundant documentation is preserved. To investigate the long‐term trends in flooding and obtain insight into current climatic changes it is necessary to extend these data to a larger number of rivers beyond the Instrumental Era and available period of historical documentation. In this paper we reconstruct the paleoflood record for the Roman Period of the Serchio River (Auser in antiquity, located in Northern Tuscany, Central Italy) using geoarcheological data. The complex hydrological evolution of the river and the development of the important cities of Lucca and Pisa on the river bank allowed an important collection of data, showing a prominent peak in flood activity during the 1st century 
ce, which seems to correspond to an increase in regional rainfall interpreted from speleothem proxies. A secondary peak is present in the 6th century 
ce, which corresponds locally with an increase in precipitation recorded by speleothems. The phases of increased flooding, when compared with present‐day synoptical meteorological conditions, probably developed during a period of negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) Index, and it is partially supported by comparison with paleoproxies for NAO. These findings confirm that an extensive collection of geoarcheological data, supported by geological and geomorphological investigation, represents a powerful tool to be integrated with historical data for the reconstruction of floods. The concomitance of local paleohydrological proxies can help in disentangling the origin of the signal from other causes.
Resonance Raman Scattering of Topological Insulators Bi2Te3 and Bi2 − xSbxTe3 − ySey Thin Films
Authors: Kumar N. , Surovtsev N. V. , Ishchenko D. V. , Yunin P. A. , Milekhin I. A. , Tereshchenko O. E. , Milekhin A. G.
Published: November 2024

Phonon occupation is temperature (T) dependent; it may participate in scattering with electronic states of topological insulators (TIs). Longitudinal optical (LO) phonons and in Bi2 − xSbxTe3 − ySey (BSTS) was resonantly excited by a photon energy (Ep) 2.33 eV due to electronic transition of unoccupied conduction band. The intensity of these modes was enhanced in Bi2Te3 film at Ep 1.87 eV, which is close to the electronic transition of unoccupied Dirac states. Fröhlich coupling strength was the main mechanism for higher intensity of and modes. At 300 K, the intensity of the mode was significantly decayed in both the BSTS and Bi2Te3 at Ep 2.33 and 1.87 eV due to the anharmonic coupling. However, at similar value of T, spectral profile of and modes was not affected because of the lower probability of decay rate of these phonons. In resonant condition, well‐resolved Raman forbidden surface modes were observed at T of 50 K. At 300 K, more asymmetric Fano profile of surface phonon was observed due to the anharmonic coupling. The study indicated that at high T, mode and anharmonic coupling may become primary cause for scattering with electronic states of the TIs. However, at low T, primarily, both the LO phonons participated in the scattering.
Interpretation of antimicrobial function of biosurfactant rhamnolipids using Trisodium 8‐hydroxypyrene‐1,3,6‐trisulfonate‐based fluorescent surfactants
Authors: Kong Shuai , Xiao Haifeng , Zhuoga Baima , Shen Chong , Meng Qin
Published: November 2024

The wide use of antibiotics can lead to antimicrobial resistance. Biosurfactant rhamnolipids are not prone to induce antimicrobial resistance due to their potential to target microbial membranes in both bacteria and fungi. However, the membrane interaction of anionic rhamnolipids with microbials has never been visually observed. This study applied previously synthesized anionic fluorescent Trisodium 8‐hydroxypyrene‐1,3,6‐trisulfonate (HPTS)‐based surfactants, with hydrophobic tails from C8 to C18, to examine their interaction with the plant pathogen Alternaria alternata. The antifungal potency of the surfactants exhibited a positive correlation with the increase in hydrophobic chain length, culminating in C16, which demonstrated the highest activity. Subsequently, a modest reduction in potency was noted for the C18. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed the membrane targeting of HPTS‐C16, and molecular dynamics simulations supported its specific membrane interaction. HPTS‐C16 was notably more effective against spores than mycelium, consistent with its binding affinity. This research provides a fluorescent method to dissect the relationship between surfactant properties and microbial membrane characteristics, guiding the development of antimicrobials to combat resistance.
Clinical Trial Access in Diverse Populations
Authors: Montaque Tareefe , Stewart John
Published: November 2024

Despite the disproportionate impact of cancer on minority groups, their participation in oncologic clinical trials remains low. Contributing factors include mistrust of the medical establishment, structural barriers, and implicit bias. Strategies to improve access and representation include pragmatic trial designs, patient navigation programs, financial support, and increasing diversity among medical professionals. Addressing these issues is crucial for ensuring equitable healthcare delivery and improving outcomes for underrepresented populations in clinical research.
Regional variation in demographics, reproduction, and body mass growth rates of wild pigs: Implications for population control
Authors: Snow Nathan P. , Koriakin Kelly J. , Lavelle Michael J. , Glow Michael P. , Fischer Justin W. , Foster Justin A. , Pepin Kim M. , VerCauteren Kurt C.
Published: November 2024

Wild pigs are a destructive invasive species throughout many regions of the world and have proven difficult to control or eliminate. Their success as an invasive species is, in part, from their high reproductive potential, which can vary based on available resources, ancestry, and other factors. We opportunistically collected data on demographics (i.e., age and sex), reproduction, and body mass on 2,762 wild pigs throughout various research and operation control activities in Texas, Alabama, Hawai'i, Guam (USA), and Queensland (Australia) during 2016–2024. We evaluated these data for differences among study sites that might lead to a better understanding of wild pig ecology and more effective control of their populations. We found that the age structures of wild pigs varied greatly among sites, with areas with more intense control having younger populations. The timing and frequency of birth pulses also varied by site. Large disparities among populations demonstrated the elasticities of wild pigs in invaded ranges; for example, the Alabama study site had a mostly young population with fast body mass growth rates and 2 discernable birth pulses per year, whereas the Guam study site had an older population with slow body mass growth rates and an indistinguishable birth pulse. We hypothesized that intense population control may increase reproduction rates in younger females through increased body mass growth rates and subsequent reproductive maturity. We recommend that managers identify the seasonal birth pulses of wild pigs in their region, and then intensively focus on removing wild pigs during the 115 days (i.e., gestation period) prior to those birth pulses. This may be counterintuitive to managers that focus on trapping after observing a birth pulse, but it increases the probability of simultaneously removing pregnant females and any associated offspring from previous litters that remained with the pregnant female. We also recommend evaluating regional‐specific intensities of removal that might be required for reducing populations with specific emphasis on whether compensatory reproductive behaviors are generated and how to avoid them.
Parkinson's Disease Polygenic Risk Score and Neurological Involvement in Carriers of the FMR1 Premutation Allele: A Case for Genetic Modifier
Authors: Loesch Danuta Z. , Chafota Freddy , Bui Minh Q. , Storey Elsdon , Atkinson Anna , Martin Nicholas G. , Gordon Scott D. , Rentería Miguel E. , Hagerman Randi J. , Tassone Flora
Published: November 2024

Background

Premutation alleles of the FMR1 X‐linked gene containing CGG repeat expansions ranging from 55 to 200 are associated with diverse late‐onset neurological involvements, including most severe disorder termed Fragile X‐associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS). It is intriguing that at least one‐third of male, and a much lower than predicted from the X‐linkage proportion of female carriers are free of this syndrome. This suggests the existence of secondary genetic factors modifying the risk of neurological involvements in these carriers. Considering the occasional presence of parkinsonian features in FXTAS, we explored the possibility that the Parkinson's Disease Polygenic Risk Score (PD PRS) is related to the occurrence of FXTAS or less severe neurological involvements, in premutation carriers.

Methods

The Genome‐wide SNP genotyping and clinical data on neurological status were obtained from 250 unrelated affected and non‐affected male and female adult carriers of the premutation. The medians for the Parkinson’s Disease Polygenic Risk Score (PD PRS) were compared between the groups of asymptomatic and neurologically affected carriers, and the association of PD PRS with neurological involvement in context with the other known risk factors was explored by fitting univariate and multiple logistic regression models.

Results

There was a significant difference between the medians from the asymptomatic versus neurologically affected (FXTAS+) groups (p = 0.009). The FXTAS+ status was significantly associated with age at testing (p < 0.001), gender (p = 0.026), and with PD PRS (p = 0.021). The contribution of PD PRS remained significant after adjusting for age and gender (p = 0.044).

Conclusions

We have obtained the first evidence for the relationship between PD PRS and the risk of FXTAS or lesser neurological involvements in the FMR1 premutation carriers. This suggests the role of Parkinson's disease polygenic variants as genetic modifiers of the risk of late onset neurological changes in these carriers.
Grifola frondosa Polysaccharide Ameliorates Inflammation by Regulating Macrophage Polarization of Liver in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rats
Authors: Zou Pei , Li Xueyan , Wang Liping , She Ying , Xiao Chenyang , Peng Yang , Qian Xu , Luo Peng , Wei Shaofeng
Published: November 2024

Scope

Grifola frondosa polysaccharide (GFP) has a positive effect in regulating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the understanding of its regulatory mechanism is still limited. Accumulating evidence suggests that hepatic inflammation is crucial in the onset and progression of insulin resistance (IR) and T2DM. However, the question of whether GFP can modulate T2DM via regulating hepatic inflammation and the underlying mechanism has not yet been reported.

Methods and results

High‐fat diet (HFD) fed combined with streptozocin (STZ) injections rat model and Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)‐treated bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDM) model are used. The results showed that GFP intervention reduces weight loss and hyperglycemia symptoms, besides lowers FINS, HOMA‐IR, IPGTT‐AUC, and IPITT‐AUC in T2DM rats. Meanwhile, GFP intervention reduces the secretion level of inflammatory factors and increases the secretion level of anti‐inflammatory factors in the liver tissue of T2DM rats. Furthermore, GFP reduces macrophage infiltration in liver tissue, inhibits macrophage M1‐type polarization, and promotes M2‐type polarization.

Conclusions

These results suggest that GFP intervention could attenuate the hepatic inflammatory and insulin resistance in T2DM rats by inhibiting hepatic macrophage infiltration and modulating M1/M2 polarization. The findings provide new evidence for GFP in the early prevention and treatment of T2DM.
Posture and Pain: Beliefs and Attitudes of Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Maier Carolina dos Reis , de Avila Carolina Silva , de Souza Jaqueline , Meziat‐Filho Ney , Koerich Micheline Henrique Araujo da Luz
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives

Posture is often associated with pain by patients, professionals, and health information channels. However, the extent to which patients perceive the relationship between posture and chronic pain is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate and understand the beliefs and attitudes related to posture among patients with chronic low back pain.

Methods

This is a qualitative descriptive study that investigated individuals with chronic low back pain, who were on the waiting list for physiotherapy. Data were collected through individual and semi‐structured interviews. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse the data.

Results

Fifteen adults (11 women and 4 men) were interviewed. Three themes were identified and mapped within the dimensions proposed by the Common Sense Model: (1) Identity, (2) Cause and (3) Control. Participants' statements about posture predominantly followed the biomedical model, with participants holding a mental representation of a ‘correct’ posture necessary for maintaining a healthy spine. They associated perceived incorrect postures or positions with the cause or worsening of pain. To control symptoms, participants believed that constant care and monitoring of posture in various situations were necessary.

Conclusion

Misconceptions about ideal posture and its relationship to chronic pain can lead individuals with low back pain to engage in constant monitoring and avoid certain movements and positions in daily activities. These beliefs may negatively impact prognosis, contribute to the maintenance of symptoms, and affect adherence to treatments.
Weathering the Storm: What Did It Take for Pennsylvania Economic Development Organizations to Overcome the COVID‐19 Pandemic?
Authors: Tantardini Michele , Levine Eli J.
Published: November 2024

The COVID‐19 pandemic had profound impacts that significantly rippled through economies, vulnerable communities, and nations globally. In this study, we aim to investigate what combination of network‐level factors, network and organizational social capital, and other organizational factors helped Economic Development Organizations (EDOs) in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania overcome the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic in their respective jurisdictions. We surveyed 46 EDOs Executive Director‐equivalent officials and conducted a Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) to answer our empirical questions with a sample of 14 EDOs. Results show that network‐level factors such as the positioning of EDOs within their network of partner organizations, organizational social capital, and organizational diversity in the EDOs' workforce all contributed to positive economic development outcomes measured in terms of the average county GDP per capita from before and after the pandemic. The article concludes by discussing the findings, limitations of the study, and by presenting our conclusions.
Biomedical Potential of Cellulose: Current Trends and Future Directions
Authors: Jafari Aliakbar , Al‐Ostaz Ahmed , Nouranian Sasan
Published: November 2024

The exploration of cellulose, a natural polysaccharide derived from renewable biomass, has seen significant advancements in recent years due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and versatility. This review paper comprehensively covers the latest developments in cellulose and its derivatives as functional biomaterials for various biomedical applications. Emphasis is placed on the intrinsic properties of cellulose, such as its mechanical strength, thermal stability, and chemical modifiability, which enable its wide‐ranging use in drug delivery systems, wound dressings, tissue engineering, and biosensors. The article further delves into the modification techniques—such as oxidation, esterification, and etherification—that enhance cellulose's performance, allowing it to be fine‐tuned for specialized medical applications, including the creation of scaffolds for tissue regeneration and smart materials for responsive drug release. Additionally, the hybridization of cellulose with inorganic materials offers potential in developing materials with superior antimicrobial properties and improved mechanical characteristics. This review also addresses the challenges in cellulose processing, particularly concerning optimizing its structure for specific applications, while highlighting future opportunities in the field of personalized medicine and intelligent healthcare devices. By examining both the current innovations and future trends, this review highlights the growing importance of cellulose as a sustainable and versatile resource in the biomedical industry.
A study of epoxy based polymer composites: Tailoring mechanical and piezoelectric characteristics
Authors: Yasar Miray , Sanay Berran , Duffy Cormac , Thai Michael , Murphy Neal , Burns Barry , Ivankovic Alojz
Published: November 2024

In this study, epoxy based piezoelectric polymer composites were fabricated using two different curing agents and varying compositions of poly(vinylidene) fluoride (PVDF), barium titanate (BaTiO3), and conductive silver nanoparticles. The effect of piezoelectric ceramic and conductive nanofillers on enhancing the PVDF β phase within the composite structure was investigated. Structural, thermal, and morphological characterizations of the polymer composites were performed using x‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of mechanical properties and fracture toughness was conducted in addition to the piezoelectric behavior. A voltage output of 1.35 V was generated by a polymer composite containing 20 wt% BaTiO3, with a Young's modulus of 2 GPa and a fracture energy of 2.3 kJ/m2. The findings of this study contribute to expanding the knowledge and understanding of piezoelectric polymer composites, enabling their potential utilization in various scientific and technological applications.

Highlights

Enhancing mechanical and piezoelectric properties of epoxy based piezoelectric composites.

A clear and comprehensive description of the experimental procedures employed.

Comparative analysis methods: structural, thermal, mechanical, fracture, and piezoelectric property analyses.
Bayesian Solutions for Assessing Differential Effects in Biomarker Positive and Negative Subgroups
Authors: Jackson Dan , Zhang Fanni , Burman Carl‐Fredrik , Sharples Linda
Published: November 2024

The number of clinical trials that include a binary biomarker in design and analysis has risen due to the advent of personalised medicine. This presents challenges for medical decision makers because a drug may confer a stronger effect in the biomarker positive group, and so be approved either in this subgroup alone or in the all‐comer population. We develop and evaluate Bayesian methods that can be used to assess this. All our methods are based on the same statistical model for the observed data but we propose different prior specifications to express differing degrees of knowledge about the extent to which the treatment may be more effective in one subgroup than the other. We illustrate our methods using some real examples. We also show how our methodology is useful when designing trials where the size of the biomarker negative subgroup is to be determined. We conclude that our Bayesian framework is a natural tool for making decisions, for example, whether to recommend using the treatment in the biomarker negative subgroup where the treatment is less likely to be efficacious, or determining the number of biomarker positive and negative patients to include when designing a trial.
Overview of Terrain Traversability Evaluation for Autonomous Robots
Authors: Shu Yongjie , Dong Linwei , Liu Jianfeng , Liu Cheng , Wei Wei
Published: November 2024

Traversability evaluation is the foundation and core of unmanned platforms for scene understanding and autonomous navigation, whose successful completion relies on the analysis of the platform's characteristics and the semantic and geometric features of the surrounding environment. This topic has been reviewed by many literatures, which are characterized by a single perspective and lack comprehensive evaluation frameworks. Thus, the concept and developmental trajectory of traversability evaluation are initially outlined in this paper, distinguishing it from other issues, while constructing an evaluation framework based on two categories: direct assessment and downstream task assessment. Subsequently, traversability evaluation methods are classified based on multiple dimensions, including sensor types, robot types, usage scenarios, and learning approaches. On the basis of the constructed evaluation framework, comparisons are made among existing algorithms in terms of performance and runtime. Subsequently, a summary is provided on commonly used features and their mainstream computation methods in terrain evaluation. Additionally, open‐source data sets in this field and projects for scene construction and algorithm validation are compiled and organized. Finally, an analysis is conducted on the development direction and trends, emphasizing the urgent need to establish standardized evaluation systems and comparison baselines. Furthermore, it is imperative that various environmental and platform information be comprehensively integrated into algorithms, while also ensuring that simulation, demonstration, and exploration are incorporated into a unified framework to enhance the robot's learning capability.
Design and Implementation of a Multimodal Tilt‐Rotor Unmanned Aerial‐Aquatic Vehicle
Authors: Wang Zhenjiang , Jiang Yunhua , Zou Zhihui , Zhen Zikun
Published: November 2024

The unmanned aerial‐aquatic vehicle (UAAV) can be operated in both air and water for scientific and engineering applications. However, the endurance and maneuverability of the UAAV are challenged by the complex multi‐domain tasks. Inspired by the locomotion modes of the tilt‐rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and the hybrid underwater glider (HUG), the design and implementation of a multimodal tilt‐rotor UAAV are presented in this paper. This UAAV can repeat trans‐domain and move in both air and underwater. To minimize configuration redundancy and weight of the vehicle, the amphibious structures are implemented, which include a waterproof air tilt‐rotor to provide vector pull for underwater propulsion, a movable buoyant tailplane to adjust the pitch angle for underwater gliding, a distributed variable buoyancy system (DVBS) to control buoyancy, and the hollow wings with a 10° dihedral angle to assist water exit. The vehicle prototype was fabricated, and tested in ocean environments, lakes, and high‐visibility pools. The results demonstrate that the vehicle can perform controllably and repeatedly trans‐domain under disturbed conditions, and the combination of efficient and flexible locomotion modes can enhance the endurance and maneuverability of the vehicle in multidomain environments. In particular, the underwater endurance of over 12 h, and the underwater attitude response rates improve by over 100%. Moreover, the vehicle's weight is decreased by over 39% owing to the implementation of amphibious structures.
Campus sexual assault prevention education tailored to men proves more effective
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: November 2024

Providing education about campus sexual assault that's tailored specifically to male students can prove to be more effective, according to a recent study.
A systematic method to integrate co‐produced causal loop diagrams based on feedback stories
Authors: Rajah Jefferson K. , Kopainsky Birgit
Published: November 2024

Within participatory systems dynamics, more practitioners are compiling co‐produced causal loop diagrams (CLDs) to analyse and report workshop outputs. Though not formalized, existing documented techniques have been limited to analyses of representations in single‐group diagrams predicated on, at times, untraceable subjective judgements. This paper addresses the need for a systematic method to guide and justify the subjective decisions made in the integration process. We propose a multistep, three‐stage process that synthesizes feedback stories from representations in diagrams (i.e. what is represented) and transcripts of the participatory process (i.e. what is said). This approach enables practitioners to report the interpretive scheme through which qualitative data are analysed and, thus, support the subjective decisions they made during the integration process. Using a case study, we demonstrate the application of this method and its potential for narrowing the semantic distance between participants, practitioners and external audience for interpreting and analysing an integrated diagram. © 2024 The Author(s). System Dynamics Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of System Dynamics Society.
Kingdom or fandom? YouTube and the changing role of gatekeeping in digital cultural markets
Authors: Malik Sumeet , Rathee Chandrika , Alexy Oliver , Wang Taiyuan
Published: November 2024

Research Summary

How should novelty‐driven entrepreneurs best position themselves in digital cultural markets? On platforms like YouTube, cultural entrepreneurs may bypass classic gatekeepers to reach novelty‐seeking audiences through algorithms that search and recommend. However, this positive view of disintermediation ignores that novelty often needs curation by and consecration from professional audiences. We explore what these potentially conflicting dynamics imply for cultural entrepreneurs in the arena of YouTubers nominated for acclaimed Streamy Awards. Merging fine‐grained datasets and qualitative evidence, we find that general audiences value novelty they grasp well, that professional audiences undervalue novelty they should easily spot, and that cross‐audience spillovers prove negative. We discuss the implications of our results for theories toward markets serving fragmented audiences, cultural markets going online, and digital platforms.

Managerial Summary

How can novelty‐driven cultural entrepreneurs effectively establish themselves in digital markets like YouTube? This study guides them by highlighting that while these platforms enable bypassing traditional gatekeepers and reaching consumers directly through recommendation algorithms, recognition from professional circles may remain crucial. The research focuses on YouTube creators nominated for Streamy Awards, based on detailed data from YouTube and interviews. Key findings include that general audiences prefer novel content that is easy to curate, while professionals may overlook novel content when curation is easy. Additionally, popularity in one audience group does not guarantee acceptance in another. The study's insights are vital for understanding market dynamics in fragmented audiences, the shift of cultural markets online, and the functioning of digital cultural platforms.
Effect of Temperature on CH4/CO Carburization Process of Hydrogen‐Based Direct Reduced Iron Pellets
Authors: Liu Zhengjian , Hu Yiqi , Zhang Jianliang , Cheng Qiang , Conejo Alberto N. , Wang YaoZu
Published: November 2024

Cementite (Fe3C) has a high combined‐carbon content, which not only increases the carbon content but also provides a heat source and shortens the smelting time. Besides, the CO generated by carbon oxidation can stir the molten pool. It is beneficial to the formation of foaming slag and the removal of inclusions. To study the formation behavior of cementite and surface‐deposited carbon during the carburizing process of hydrogen‐reduction pellets under different conditions, the effects of temperature and carburizing gas composition on the carburizing rate of hydrogen‐reduction pellets are studied. The results show that the carburization rate of CH4 gas is proportional to the carburization temperature. The carburization rate of CO gas is inversely proportional to the temperature, and almost no carburization occurs at 900 °C. The contents of cementite and deposited carbon in different weight gain samples are compared by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) refinement and high‐pressure air gun injection. The analysis revealed that CH4 gas is easier to form deposited carbon in the later stage of carburizing at 900 °C. It provides a theoretical basis for the control of the carburization behavior of hydrogen‐based pellets.
Dynamic strength criterion of concrete utilizing dynamic coordinates
Authors: Hu Jing , Yao Yangping , Zhang Zitao , Zhang Xuedong
Published: November 2024

The effects of strain rate on the strength of concrete should be considered when analyzing the dynamic responses of concrete structures subjected to earthquakes or explosions. This paper shows that the effect of strain rate on strength characteristics can be attributed to an increase in cohesion. Notably, the effects of friction, hydrostatic pressure, and intermediate principal stress tend to remain rate‐independent under the appropriate reference system. Consequently, a dynamic coordinate system is established to account for the effects of strain rate on isotropic tensile strength. In this dynamic coordinate system, the strength envelopes for concrete closely resemble those in quasi‐static conditions under varying strain rates, as defined in the unified strength criterion. Using this proposed dynamic strength criterion, this paper explores the dynamic characteristics of different stress paths, including uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial compression and tension. The predictions, both in terms of tendencies and magnitudes, are consistent with test results. The proposed method enables the extension of most strength criteria to dynamic scenarios by introducing two additional parameters with clear physical interpretations. This advancement enhances the current understanding of dynamic strength characteristics and provides a theoretical foundation for dynamic response analysis.
Visualising Data with Maps
Authors: Mortelmans Dimitri
Published: November 2024

NVivo offers the researcher a visual tool for the stepwise construction of theoretical models. The step-by-step work is preserved within the project, and the researcher immediately has all the project items at hand when building theoretical models. NVivo includes three visualisations, called Maps: the mind map, the concept map and the project map. Each visualisation has different graphical tools to build a visual representation of the researcher’s work. The Mind Map is a classic brainstorming tool that aims to visualise the development of ideas. The Concept Map allows visualisations from the theoretical developments while working with the data, allowing one to represent the concepts by shapes and connecting these shapes with relationships to the concepts they represent. Third, the Project map (a variant of the Concept Map) is focused exclusively on project items and the internal connection between these items. In other words, the Project Map helps visualise the multiple internal connections among coded data.
Reporting and Exporting Data
Authors: Mortelmans Dimitri
Published: November 2024

Next to the Matrix Coding Query, Reports help the researcher summarise the data in a project. Users can build predefined reports or create custom-made ones, choosing which project items need to be summarised. In the second part, the chapter discusses the export of data or parts of the data in a project. A Text Report or Extract is a tabular extract of data intended to export the data from your project to external databases (in the form of an Excel file). The chapter closes with conversions of an entire project. Hereby, the chapter shows how NVivo projects can be converted from a Windows format to MAC and vice versa or how project file backups can be made (as no automatic backups are created with NVivo). Also, the export to the FERI-QDA Project format (the Rotterdam Exchange Format Initiative) is discussed to enable the exchange of projects across software programs.
NVivo in Mixed Methods Studies
Authors: Mortelmans Dimitri
Published: November 2024

This chapter discusses the application of NVivo in mixed methods research, highlighting how the software can integrate both qualitative and quantitative data. Being a qualitative research tool, the possibilities of NVivo to do quantitative analysis are limited if not absent (except for some graphing). However, NVivo allows the coding of open questions from surveys and exports this coded data back to quantitative datasets. As such, NVivo helps to integrate both methodologies. After the discussion on importing surveys, the chapter shows how data in survey databases can be coded (and auto-coded) and queried.
NVivo and AI: (Semi)-Automatic Coding
Authors: Mortelmans Dimitri
Published: November 2024

This chapter explores the built-in Artificial Intelligence tools in NVivo, focusing on semi-automatic and automatic coding features. It discusses how AI can assist in the initial coding phases, potentially accelerating the analytical process in its early stages. The chapter critically examines the implications of AI in qualitative research, debating the balance between automation and researcher oversight. It shows how AI is only partially integrated into the program, is limited to the built-in language libraries and relies on crude statistical associations. NVivo cannot recognise language variants like sarcasm, double negatives, slang, dialect variations, idioms, or ambiguity, implying the researchers need to remain critical of the result of the AI auto-coding tools.
Getting Started 2: The Workspace and Jargon of NVivo
Authors: Mortelmans Dimitri
Published: November 2024

This chapter familiarises readers with the workspace and specific jargon of NVivo. The chapter describes the overall layout of the workspace and the navigation around the different tools of the program. Specific attention is devoted to interface components such as the Navigation View, the List View, and the Detail View. The chapter also introduces the basic terminology used within NVivo, preparing readers to navigate and utilise the different tools available in the software.
Coding with Classifications
Authors: Mortelmans Dimitri
Published: November 2024

Next to thematic coding, NVivo also allows coding with classifications. Classifications can be considered as a separate database in a project. In such a database, NVivo stores variables (called Attributes) that allow comparisons. Even though the classification tool is programmed in a relatively uniform way in the program, NVivo distinguishes between two types of classifications: file classifications and case classifications. Both types are explained, and their use is shown with analytical examples. Given the extended use of case classifications, the chapter elaborates on creating (twin) cases and storing data inside cases to make comparisons at a later stage possible. The chapter ends with tips on gaining efficiency in using classifications by showing how Excel tables (descriptive matrices) can be converted to classifications, avoiding all preparatory work being done manually.