bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-performance wood composites from desert shrub Salix psammophila
Authors: Ji Yaohui , Lin Qiuqin , Huang Yuxiang , Rao Fei , Yu Wenji
Published: April 2019

Salix psammophila (SP), a desert shrub willow, plays an important role in preserving local ecosystems, and it is regarded to have high potential as an alternative raw material in the wood industry. However, its inferior characteristics such as small diameter and difficulty of barking result in a low utilization rate and a low added value. In this study, flattening and separation (FS) technology combined with impregnation of resins and hot-pressing was applied to convert SP branch residues to high-performance wood composites. The effects of FS repetition, hot-pressing temperature, composite density and resin content on the physical–mechanical properties were investigated to find the optimum parameters for industrial production. The results indicated that SP can be used as a potential material for manufacturing greenwood composites with high mechanical strength and high dimensional stability.
Türkiye’de Okul Öncesi Eğitimde Dil Gelişimi ile İlgili Yapılan Lisansüstü Tezlerin İncelenmesi
Authors: KAROĞLU Hilal , ESEN ÇOBAN Aysel
Published: April 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı, okul öncesi eğitimde dil gelişimi ile ilgili
yapılmış lisansüstü tezlerin incelenmesidir. Dil gelişimi ile ilgili tezlerin
çeşitli boyutlarda incelenmesi ailelere, öğretmenlere ve araştırmacılara
çocukların dil kazanımları ve gelişimleri ile ilgili bilgi ve beceri
kazandıracağından önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Araştırma nitel araştırma
desenindedir. Veriler Yök Dokümantasyon sistemi kullanılarak elde edilmiş; okul
öncesi, dil ve eğitim ve öğretim konusu anahtar kelimeler olarak
belirlenmiştir. 7 doktora tezi 37 yüksek lisans tezi toplam 44 lisansüstü tez
araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada dil gelişim alanında
yapılan lisansüstü tezlerin belli yıl aralıklarında artış gösterdiği, %64’ ünün
tarama modelinde olduğu, %58’ sinin çalışma grubunu çocukların oluşturduğu,
yabancı dil eğitimi % 20, programların etkisi% 16 ve Türkçe-dil etkinlikleri %
16 en çok incelenen konuları oluşturduğu bulguları elde edilmiştir. Veri
toplama aracı olarak Peabody resim-kelime testi % 20,8, anket%
18,7ve Lügatçe ve dil testleri kullanıldığı % 14,6’tür. Veri analiz yöntemi olarak ise t-testi % 26,7,  Anova % 24 ve Korelasyon %12 tekniklerinin
kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda dil gelişimi alanındaki
eksiklikleri giderecek çalışmaların yapılması önerilmektedir.
Futebol dos futebóis: dissolvendo valências simbólicas de gênero e sexualidade por dentro do futebol
Authors: Toledo Luiz Henrique , Camargo Wagner Xavier
Published: April 2019

O futebol, entre inúmeras práticas lúdicas historicamente esportivizadas, manteve-se hegemônico a partir de múltiplas projeções e experiências valorativas, políticas, estéticas e sensoriais, tornando-se paulatinamente uma espécie de “índice canônico” para se pensar, de modo geral, formas de sociabilidade na contemporaneidade. Em seus desdobramentos simbólicos, ele não apenas se expandiu territorialmente, como tem oferecido um conjunto de metáforas aos “modos de existência” de indivíduos e grupos. Partindo desta ideia de senso comum sobre dada “hegemonia” do futebol, mas partilhada academicamente, propomos perceber que tais “modos” se materializam e se disseminam em “múltiplos futebóis” que alcançaram expressões politizadas e que podem ser explorados “de dentro” deste fenômeno global. Para tanto, trazemos um caso ocorrido durante a Copa do Mundo da Rússia-2018 e refletimos sobre a sexualização de corpos no contexto futebolístico midiatizado, pensando o futebol pela relativização de seus modos simbólicos de impor suas regras e sociabilidade esportivas, tomadas tacitamente como universais.
A Threat Computation Model using a Markov Chain and Common Vulnerability Scoring System and its Application to Cloud Security
Authors: Le Ngoc Thuy , Hoang Doan B.
Published: April 2019

Securing cyber infrastructures has become critical because they are increasingly exposed to attackers while accommodating a huge number of IoT devices and supporting numerous sophisticated emerging applications. Security metrics are essential for assessing the security risks and making effective decisions concerning system security. Many security metrics rely on mathematical models, but are mainly based on empirical data, qualitative methods, or compliance checking, and this renders the outcome far from satisfactory. Computing the probability of an attack, or more precisely a threat that materialises into an attack, forms an essential basis for a quantitative security metric. This paper proposes a novel approach to compute the probability distribution of cloud security threats based on a Markov chain and Common Vulnerability Scoring System. Moreover, the paper introduces the method to estimate the probability of security attacks. The use of the new security threat model and its computation is demonstrated through their application to estimating the probabilities of cloud threats and types of attacks.
¿Medicalizar al delincuente o hacer del loco un criminal?: Prácticas de alienismo y medicina legal en Colombia a comienzos del siglo XX
Authors: Barrios López Manuela , Márquez Valderrama Jorge Humberto
Published: April 2019

Este artículo analiza algunas asociaciones médico-jurídicas entre locura y criminalidad en el departamento de Antioquia (Colombia), en las primeras tres décadas del siglo XX. El análisis se orientó por dos ejes imbricados: el de los discursos y el de las prácticas. Se examinaron las ideas de cuatro médicos, planteadas entre 1917 y 1925, para identificar los debates teóricos desde los cuales se delimitaban y definían las enfermedades mentales en casos judiciales. La puesta en escena del saber de los peritos y su lugar como expertos se analizaron en un caso judicial, que inició en 1921, y en cuyo desarrollo afloraron las confrontaciones teóricas entre los médicos que debatieron sobre la posible locura del acusado.
Synthesis and Characterization of Precipitated CaCO3 from Ankerite Prepared by Bubbling Method
Authors: Munawaroh Fatimatul , Muharrami Laila Khamsatul , . Triwikantoro , Arifin Zaenal
Published: April 2019

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Antibacterial Activity of Leaves Extract of Bukkol (Ziziphus mauritania Lam) against E.coli and S.aureus
Authors: Muharrami Laila Khamsatul , Munawaroh Fatimatul , Ersam Taslim , Santoso Mardi , Setiawan Eko , Hidayati Yunin , Rosidi Irsad
Published: April 2019

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Phototransformation of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonate (LAS) Surfactant Using ZnO-CuO Composite Photocatalyst
Authors: Zainul Rahadian , Effendi Jon , Mashuri Mashuri
Published: April 2019

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Natural Zeolits and Its Modifications with Protons and Copper As the Catalyst for Esterification of Ethanol with Acetic Acid
Authors: . Syukri , Islami Dini M. , Saputra Yoni , Seprianti Salmi , Wahyuni Sry , Ramadhani Fitria , Arief Syukri , Tetra Olly Norita , Putri Yulia Eka , Rilda Yetria
Published: April 2019

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The Effect of Graphitization Temperature on the Composition and the Electrical Conductivity of Carbon Nanotube
Authors: Yulistia Weni , . Muldarisnur
Published: April 2019

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The Problems of the Replacement of Alternative Penalties Taking into Account the Implementation of International Standards: Case of Some Post-Soviet Countries
Authors: Shcherbakov A V , Shabanov V B , Budanova L Y , Alexandrova O P , Demidov O G
Published: April 2019

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Problems of Russia’s Integration into the Legal Framework of Europe
Authors: Rekhtinav I V , Bolovnev M A , Prasolova I A , Kalashnik N I , Kazantseva O L
Published: April 2019

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The Fable Arrangement of John Ruskin‘s ‘The King of the Golden River’
Authors: Burtseva M A , Burtsev A A
Published: April 2019

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HOW WOULD OUR STUDENTS LIKE TO BE CORRECTED? : A STUDY ON LEARNERS’ BELIEFS ABOUT LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGY
Authors: W. Pratolo Bambang
Published: April 2019

Purpose: This study aims at finding out whether learners with different English proficiency backgrounds respond differ- ently to corrective feedbacks (CFs) and what kind of CFs are acceptable for them.

Methodology: This study was conducted using a qualitative method with a semi-structured interview and learning journals as the instruments to collect the data. Six students were involved in this study, two of them were high achievers, two were medium achievers, and the other two were low achievers.

Results: The findings showed that all participants in this study believed that they needed CFs from their lecturers and they were confident that CFs was very significant to improve their English competence.

Implications: This study revealed that although most of the participants were alright to receive CFs immediately after they made mistakes, they would do differently if they became teachers. They would wait until their students finish talking before they give CFs or they would do it at the end of the class. The results confirmed that they preferred CFs which were accurate, appreciative, motivating and make them feel comfortable. Finally, this current study also points out that the way how lecturers give feedbacks has to consider the type of mistakes.
Demolowanie i rewitalizacja w przestrzeni turystycznej Hawany
Authors: Kaczmarek Sylwia
Published: April 2019

Celem autorki artykułu jest analiza w ujęciu aksjologicznym procesów demolowania i rewitalizacji miejskiej przestrzeni turystycznej na przykładzie Hawany (Kuba) w kontekście relacji społecznych między turystami a mieszkańcami oraz ocena znaczenia zidentyfikowanych prawidłowości w przebiegu i skutkach tych procesów. W rezultacie analizy zidentyfikowano uwarunkowania demolowania przestrzeni turystycznej w Hawanie, czynniki egzo- i endogeniczne kształtujące ten proces, dwa typy rewitalizacji realizowanej jako działania naprawcze, a także wymieniono cechy relacji między mieszkańcami a turystami. Wyniki badań opatrzono autorskim komentarzem, wskazując elementy relacji społecznych, które powinny być brane pod uwagę przy realizacji procesu rewitalizacji miejskiej przestrzeni turystycznej, aby skutecznie ograniczać istniejące i potencjalne konflikty między mieszkańcami a turystami.
Udział w międzynarodowych konkursach robotycznych jako nowa forma podróży studenckich
Authors: Wieczorek Luiza , Piech Wiktor , Cybulski Bartłomiej , Kujawiński Mateusz , Węgierska Agnieszka
Published: April 2019

W artykule przedstawiono możliwości odbywania podróży zagranicznych przez studentów uczestniczących w międzynarodowych konkursach, w szczególności w zawodach robotycznych, popularnych między innymi wśród polskich studentów. Jak pokazują zebrane dane zawody te przyciągnęły nawet kilka tysięcy uczestników w ciągu ostatnich lat. Zaprezentowany został dodatkowy efekt ich uczestnictwa w konkursach, jakim jest turystyka uprawiana w trakcie takich wyjazdów i nazwana przez autorów turystyką konkursową.
Traditional and emerging ethical concerns in advertising
Authors: Lemanski Jennifer L.
Published: April 2019

Ethical issues surrounding advertising have been well-discussed. However, over time and alongside societal and media changes, different questions have moved to the forefront in the discussion on advertising ethics. This paper presents an overview of traditional ethical issues of importance in the United States, and analyzes the changes that have come about as a result of newer, more interactive media for ad placements. Although many of the traditional ethical dilemmas remain, the more personalized and interactive nature of new media and an expanded landscape for advertisers to stake their claims have introduced new issues that were previously not of concern, such as privacy.
An analysis of U.S. Custom and Border Protection’s tripartite Mexico border security policy
Authors: Garrett Terence M.
Published: April 2019

The Custom and Border Protection (CBP) border security policy was explicitly presented by former Acting Commissioner of CBP, David Aguilar, in testimony before the United States Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee (HSGAC) on April 4, 2017 in testimony on the subject of “Fencing Along the Southwest Border.” Important for discussion here are the key components of the DHS/CBP/Border Patrol’s strategy, or sets of policies, laying forth elements of the border walls (including barriers, fences), personnel, and technology in order to hinder, or intercept, undocumented migrants (homo sacer) from entering the United States illegally—all socially constructed. Aguilar notes in his opening remarks “Maintaining a safe and secure environment along the U.S.—Mexico border is critical. A safe and orderly border that is predicated on the strong rule of law deprives criminal organizations, drug cartels, and criminal individuals the opportunity to thrive.” In Aguilar’s testimony, when pressed by Ranking Member Senator Claire McCaskill, he set forth the current needs for CBP/Border Patrol priority of the three elements in the following order: (1) Technology (border surveillance), (2) Personnel (numbers of agents along the border), and, (3) The Border Wall (physical infrastructure: fences, walls, and vehicle barriers). The security apparatus affects dwellers along the Rio Grande and undocumented border crossers, demonstrated here with an analysis of the application of President Trump’s Zero Tolerance policy (April 6–June 20, 2018). The security framework applied in this paper will consist of theoretical approaches assessing border surveillance as a panopticon, the use of Border Patrol agents for apprehending, detaining and removing homo sacer, and the symbolism of the border wall as a spectacle and simulacrum—all understood in the pursuit of USA border security policy.
Mobbing as a problem in management ethics
Authors: Kowal Jolanta , Gwiazda-Sawicka Grażyna
Published: April 2019

A positive company image and its good reputation are usually results of ethical and honest behaviour towards employees and may improve competitiveness, increase profits, customer satisfaction, and create new job jobs. However, it often occurs in dynamically developing firms where ethical norms are not kept and this process can be seen in the lack of equal chances to get a job – people without connections remain without work. According to research, mobbing is a very serious problem. Psychological terror or mobbing in work life involves hostile and unethical communication that is conducted in a systematic manner by one or more individuals, mainly toward one individual, who, due to mobbing, is pushed into a helpless and defenceless position and held there by means of continuing mobbing activities. These actions occur on a very frequent basis (statistical definition: at least once a week) and over a long period (statistical definition: at least six months’ duration). Because of the high frequency and long duration of hostile behaviour, this maltreatment results in considerable mental, psychosomatic, and social misery.
The chances and limitations of applying a CSR strategy in Polish enterprises
Authors: Codogni Iwona
Published: April 2019

The topic of the article is the perspectives of CSR in Polish companies. The article contains a definition of corporate social responsibility, the state and dynamics of ethical reporting, and the factors that can influence the dynamics of CSR in Poland—both in a favorable and adverse way.
Prestación de pastillas en el control de enfermedades de trigo
Authors: Mur Matilde , Gadea Santiago , Ponce Mariano Julio , Marani Victor Hugo , Guilino Facundo Daniel , Balbuena Roberto Hernan , Vazquez Juan Manuel , Palancar Telmo Cecilio
Published: April 2019

Las enfermedades fúngicas en el cultivo de trigo (Triticum aestivum) ocasionan pérdidas importantes en rendimiento y calidad de los granos. Se realizaron ensayos sobre un cultivo de trigo en antesis temprana (estado Z61), para evaluar la prestación de diferentes pastillas. El ensayo fue conducido en un esquema factorial de 4x2 con 10 repeticiones. Los factores fueron cuatro pastillas: abanico plano (XR11002), doble abanico asimétrico con aire inducido (AI3070- 02), doble abanico simétrico con aire inducido (GAT11002), cono hueco (TXA8002), y dos objetivos artificiales, uno vertical representando la espiga y otro horizontal para la hoja bandera. Se utilizaron tarjetas hidrosensibles y el programa CIR 1.5® para la determinación de densidad de impactos (DI, imp cm-2), cobertura (COB, %) y deposición (%), siendo ésta contrastada con el uso de trazador Azul Brillante. Se realizó análisis de la varianza y las medias fueron comparadas por el test de Tukey (p≤0,05). La pastilla TXA8002 alcanzó la mejor prestación, en DI, COB y deposición. AI3070 logró similar depósito que TXA8002 en la espiga, 51% y 45% respectivamente, pese a tener la menor DI, (44 imp cm-2), mientras que en hoja bandera TXA8002 tuvo el mayor porcentaje de depósito (40%). Las pastillas con aire inducido tuvieron la menor DI pero una mayor uniformidad entre las distintas caras de la espiga. Las metodologías de evaluación utilizadas resultaron complementarias para realizar un análisis completo de caracterización de la aplicación.
Simulación numérica del comportamiento térmico de un macro túnel utilizado para la producción de hongos comestibles bajo condiciones de clima tropical
Authors: Montaño-Rodríguez Sebastian , Villagrán-Munar Edwin Andrés , Osorio-Fiaga3 David Felipe , Bojacá-Aldana Carlos Ricardo , Velásquez-Vargas Wilmer Leonardo
Published: April 2019

El estudio del comportamiento térmico de las estructuras de agricultura protegida de tipo pasivo establecidas en condiciones de clima tropical sigue siendo un aspecto relevante, esto con el fin de garantizar las condiciones micro climáticas adecuadas para el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas. En Colombia este comportamiento al igual que el del fenómeno de ventilación natural es aun poco estudiado para condiciones de clima cálido. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el comportamiento térmico y los índices de renovación de una estructura de macro túnel usada para la producción de hongos comestibles, este comportamiento se determinó a través de modelaciones numéricas CFD 3D. los resultados obtenidos mostraron un comportamiento térmico adecuado del macro túnel para las condiciones meteorológicas predominantes de la zona de estudio. Los índices de renovación obtenidos oscilaron entre 22.5 y 45.6 renovaciones hora para los casos simulados. El modelo CFD fue validado a través de registro del valor de la variable temperatura en la estructura construida a escala real y los resultados obtenidos mostraron un ajuste adecuado entre los datos simulados y los registrados.
The Leukocyte Esterase Test for Periprosthetic Joint Infection Is Not Affected by Prior Antibiotic Administration
Authors: Shahi Alisina , Alvand Abtin , Ghanem Elie , Restrepo Camilo , Parvizi Javad
Published: April 2019

Background:

It has been demonstrated that administration of antibiotics prior to performing diagnostic testing for periprosthetic joint infection can interfere with the accuracy of the standard diagnostic tests. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of antibiotic administration prior to performing the synovial leukocyte esterase strip test for periprosthetic joint infection.

Methods:

We identified 121 patients who underwent revision hip or knee arthroplasty for a Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS)-confirmed periprosthetic joint infection. All patients also had a leukocyte esterase strip test performed. Patients in one group (32%) took antibiotics prior to the diagnostic workup, whereas patients in another group (68%) did not receive antibiotics within 2 weeks of the diagnostic workup. The leukocyte esterase strip test, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum C-reactive protein (CRP), synovial white blood-cell (WBC) count, and polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) percentage were collected and were compared between the 2 groups.

Results:

The median serum ESR (85 compared with 67 mm/hr for patients who did not and did receive antibiotics; p = 0.009), CRP (16.5 compared with 12.9 mg/L; p = 0.032), synovial WBC count (45,675 compared with 9,650 cells/µL; p < 0.0001), and PMN percentage (93% compared with 88%; p = 0.004) were all significantly lower for patients receiving antibiotics. Furthermore, the administration of antibiotics resulted in a significant decrease in the sensitivity of all tests, except leukocyte esterase: ESR (79.5% in the antibiotics cohort compared with 92.7% in the no-antibiotics cohort [relative risk (RR) for false-negative results, 2.8; p = 0.04]), CRP (64.2% compared with 81.8% [RR, 1.9; p = 0.03]), WBC count (69.3% compared with 93.4% [RR, 5.0; p = 0.001]), PMN percentage (74.4% compared with 91.5% [RR, 3.0; p = 0.01]), and leukocyte esterase (78% compared with 83% [RR, 1.6; p = 0.17]). The rate of negative cultures was higher in the antibiotics group at 30.7% compared with the no-antibiotics group at 12.1% (p = 0.015).

Conclusions:

This current study and previous studies have demonstrated that the administration of premature antibiotics can compromise the results of standard diagnostic tests for periprosthetic joint infection, causing significant increases in false-negative results. However, in this study, the leukocyte esterase strip test maintained its performance even in the setting of antibiotic administration. Antibiotic administration prior to diagnostic workups for periprosthetic joint infection stands to interfere with diagnosis. The leukocyte esterase strip test can be used as a reliable diagnostic marker for diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection even when prior antibiotics are administered.

Level of Evidence:

Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
New Persistent Opioid Use Following Common Forefoot Procedures for the Treatment of Hallux Valgus
Authors: Finney Fred T. , Gossett Timothy D. , Hu Hsou Mei , Waljee Jennifer F. , Brummett Chad M. , Talusan Paul G. , Holmes James R.
Published: April 2019

Background:

Orthopaedic surgeons are the fourth highest on the list of top prescribers of opioid analgesics by specialty and have a direct impact on opioid-related morbidity in the United States. Operative bunion correction is one of the most commonly performed elective foot surgical procedures in this country. We sought to determine the rate of new persistent opioid use following exposure to opioids after surgical treatment of hallux valgus (bunionectomy) and to identify associated risk factors.

Methods:

A nationwide U.S. insurance claims database, Truven Health MarketScan, was used to identify opioid-naïve patients who underwent surgical treatment of hallux valgus employing 3 common procedures from January 2010 to June 2015. The rate of new persistent opioid use (i.e., fulfillment of an opioid prescription between 91 and 180 days after the surgical procedure) among patients who filled a perioperative opioid prescription was then calculated. A logistic regression model was used to examine the relationship between new persistent use and risk factors, including surgical procedure, patient demographic characteristics, and patient comorbidities.

Results:

A total of 36,562 patients underwent surgical treatment of hallux valgus and filled a perioperative opioid prescription. The rate of new persistent opioid use among all patients who filled a perioperative opioid prescription was 6.2%. Patients who underwent treatment with a first metatarsal-cuneiform arthrodesis were more likely to have new persistent opioid use compared with the distal metatarsal osteotomy control group (adjusted odds ratio, 1.19 [95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.39]; p = 0.021). Factors independently associated with new persistent opioid use included prescribing patterns, coexisting mental health diagnoses, and certain pain disorders.

Conclusions:

New persistent opioid use following surgical treatment of hallux valgus affects a substantial number of patients. Understanding factors associated with persistent opioid use can help clinicians to identify and counsel at-risk patients and to mitigate this public health crisis.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Orthopaedic Workforce Is Not as Diverse as the Population It Serves: Where Are the Minorities and the Women?
Authors: Harrington Melvyn A. , Rankin E. Anthony , Ladd Amy L. , Mason Bonnie S.
Published: April 2019

The lack of sex and racial diversity of the physicians within the specialty of orthopaedic surgery was recognized decades ago, and formal steps to address these issues began in 1983 with the founding of the Ruth Jackson Orthopaedic Society and the J. Robert Gladden Orthopaedic Society. Despite the efforts of these organizations, the work of other interested groups, and the growing diversity in medical student demographics, physician diversity in orthopaedic surgery remains disproportionately poor relative to the populations that we serve as a specialty.
Seni Melawan Pedagang Asongan di Kereta Api Lokal Ekonomi Merak-Rangkasbitung Banten
Authors: Musahwi Musahwi , Anika Minnati Zulfa , Pitriyani Pitriyani
Published: April 2019

This study attempts to uncover the resistance of hawkers against the prohibition of selling at stations and trains by taking the locus of Merak-Rangkasbitunglocal train. Specifically the purpose of this study is to uncover the daily hidden resistance that is concealed by hawkers. This kind of resistance model refers to Scott's concept from his theory which is the domination of the art of resistance or noted by the weapon of the weak againts of the elite or the policies which opressed them. In this study, used the qualitative-phenomenology methods. This approach is chosen to reveal the phenomena based on the perspectives of those who experience them directly, with an in-depth expression of the phenomenon of consciousness within them during resistance. The results of this study include: a) disobedience (keepselling) against the law by pretending not to know. b) sellingpretend as passengers. c) negotiating "as if" with the officer, meaning they end up violating, and d) resisting the ban on selling by rebel. The daily, unorganized and invidual resistance to this is done because there is no alternative to the economic solution for them; they have no capital; social, educational, and political. They are weak people, and according to them are increasingly weakened by the policy of the ban.
Bunuh Diri Dalam Perspektif Sosiologi
Authors: Biroli Alfan
Published: April 2019

Suicide is an event in society that is often inevitable. Suicide is a deliberate end to life. Social symptoms in society greatly affect someone in committing suicide. Referring to Durkheim, there are at least four types of suicide, namely egoistic suicide, suicide altruism, anomie suicide, and fatalistic suicide. Egoistic suicide is a suicide that occurs because social integration is too weak. Suicide altruism is a suicide that occurs because social integration is too strong. Anomie suicide is a suicide that occurs because of the blurring of values and norms in society. Fatalistic suicide is a suicide that occurs because the values and norms that apply in society are too excessive. Suicidal acts that occur in the community can be mapped through the fact that social integration is getting stronger or weaker. In addition, suicide can also be mapped based on the fact that the values and norms are getting weaker or stronger.
Optimal dose of pretreated-dexmedetomidine in fentanyl-induced cough suppression: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhou Wei , Zhang Dongsheng , Tian Shunping , Yang Yang , Xing Zhi , Ma Rongrong , Zhou Tianqi , Bao Tianxiu , Sun Jianhong , Zhang Zhuan
Published: April 2019

Background: To investigate the optimal dose of pretreated-dexmedetomidine in fentanyl-induced cough (FIC) suppression.
Methods: Patients of 180 undergoing elective surgery with general anesthesia, aged 18-65 years, BMI 18.5-30 kg/m2, ASA I or II, were equally randomized into four groups (n = 45) to receive intravenous pretreatment of dexmedetomidine with 0 (group 1), 0.3 (group 2), 0.6 (group 3) and 0.9 (group 4) mcg/kg over 10 mins, respectively. After the pretreatment, all patients were given a 5-s intravenous injection of fentanyl 4 mcg/kg. The symptoms of irritating cough including the severity and onset time were recorded for 1 min after fentanyl injection. General anesthesia induction was completed with midazolam, propofol and cisatracurium, then endotracheal tube or laryngeal mask was inserted and connected to an anesthesia machine. MAP, HR and SpO2 at the beginning of pretreatment (T0), 3 min (T1), 6 min (T2), 9 min (T3) and 12 min (T4) after the beginning of pretreatment were recorded. Side effects of dexmedetomidine, such as bradycardia, hypertension, hypotension, and respiratory depression were also recorded during the course.
Results: Totally 168 patients completed the study. The incidences of cough were 52.4%, 42.9%, 11.9%, and 14.3% in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, with no significant differences between groups 1 and 2 (P > 0.05) and between groups 3 and 4 (P > 0.05). The incidence and severity of cough in groups 3 and 4 were significantly lower than those in groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.05). Compared to T0, HR at T2 (P < 0.05), T3 (P < 0.01), and T4 (P < 0.01) decreased significantly and MAP at T4 decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in group 4. Bradycardia occurred in 1 case and respiratory depression occurred in 1 case in group 4. Compared to group 1, the onset time of cough in the other 3 groups were delayed significantly (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Pretreated dexmedetomidine 0.6 mcg/kg blous intravenous infusion over 10 mins could reduce FIC effectively without side effects.
Assessment of PrEP eligibility and uptake among at-risk MSM participating in a HIV-1 vaccine feasibility cohort in coastal Kenya
Authors: Wahome Elizabeth , Graham Susan M. , Thiong’o Alexander N. , Chirro Oscar , Mohamed Khamisi , Gichuru Evans , Mwambi John , Price Matt A. , Sanders Eduard J.
Published: April 2019

Introduction

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is provided free of costs to a broad range of at-risk populations in Kenya, including men who have sex with men (MSM), but anal intercourse is not an eligibility criterion. We set out to determine PrEP eligibility, uptake and predictors of PrEP uptake among MSM enrolled in an HIV-1 vaccine feasibility cohort in coastal Kenya.

Methods

We compared the number of MSM identified as eligible for PrEP from June - December 2017 by Kenyan Ministry of Health (MoH) criteria, which do not include reported anal intercourse, to those identified as eligible by a published MSM cohort-derived HIV-1 risk score (CDHRS). We determined PrEP uptake and assessed factors associated with PrEP uptake at first offer among eligible MSM followed up monthly for HIV-1 testing, risk assessment, and risk reduction counselling.

Results

Out of 167 MSM assessed for PrEP eligibility, 118 (70.7%) were identified by both MoH and CDHRS eligibility criteria. However, the CDHRS identified 33 (19.8%) more cohort MSM for PrEP eligibility than the MoH criteria, of whom the majority (24 or 72.7%) reported receptive anal intercourse (RAI). Of the 162 MSM eligible for PrEP, 113 (69.7%) accepted PrEP at first offer. Acceptance of PrEP was higher for men reporting RAI (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0–1.9), having paid for sex (aPR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1–1.6) and group sex (aPR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1–1.8), after adjustment for sociodemographic factors.

Conclusions

Assessing PrEP eligibility using a CDHRS identified 20% more at-risk MSM for PrEP initiation than when Kenyan MoH criteria were used. Approximately 70% of eligible men accepted PrEP at first offer, suggesting that PrEP is acceptable among at-risk MSM. MSM reporting RAI, group sex, or paying for sex were more likely to accept PrEP, reinforcing the importance of an informed discussion of HIV-1 risk during PrEP counselling.
Vibration Therapy as an Intervention for Postural Training and Fall Prevention after Distal Radius Fracture in Elderly Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: WONG Ronald Man Yeung , HO Wing Tung , TANG Ning , TSO Chi Yin , NG Wai Kit Raymond , CHOW Simon Kwoon Ho , Cheung Wing-Hoi
Published: April 2019

Background: Fractures of the distal radius occur in 15% of women older than 50 years of age. These fractures are a particular health concern amongst the elderly, who are at risk of fragility fractures, and are associated with long-term functional impairment, pain and a variety of complications. This is a sentinel event as these fractures are associated with 2 to 4 times increased risk of subsequent hip fractures in elderly patients. This is an important concept as it is well established that these patients have an increased risk of falling. Fall prevention is therefore crucial to decrease further morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of low-magnitude high frequency vibration (LMHFV) on postural stability and prevention of falls in elderly patients post distal radius fracture.

Methods: This is a prospective single-blinded randomized controlled trial. 200 patients will be recruited consecutively with consent, and randomized to either LMHFV (n=100) or control group (n=100). The primary outcome is postural stability measured by the static and dynamic ability of subjects to maintain center of balance on the Biodex Balance System SD. Secondary outcomes are the occurrence of fall, the health-related quality of life (SF-36), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test for basic mobility skills, compliance and adverse events. Outcome assessments for both groups will be performed at baseline 0 months, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months time-points.

Discussion: Previous studies have stressed the importance of reducing falls in distal radius fracture elderly patients, and an effective intervention is crucial. Numerous studies have proven vibration therapy to be effective in improving balancing ability in normal subjects. No previous study has applied the device for fracture patients. Our study will be going to translate LMHFV to fracture patients to improve postural stability and prevent recurrent falls. Positive results would provide a large impact in the prevention of secondary fractures and save healthcare costs.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03380884. Registered on 21 December 2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03380884.

Keywords
Distal radius fracture, vibration, fall prevention, postural stability, randomized controlled trial
Managing uncertain recovery for patients nearing the end of life in hospital; a mixed-method, feasibility cluster randomised controlled trial of the AMBER care bundle
Authors: Koffman Jonathan Simon , Yorganci Emel , Yi Deok Hee , Gao Wei , Murtagh Fliss E , Pickles Andrew , Barclay Stephen , Johnson Halle , Wilson Rebecca , Sampson Liz , Droney Joanne , Farquhar Morag , Prevost Toby , Evans Catherine
Published: April 2019

Background
The AMBER (Assessment; Management; Best practice; Engagement; Recovery uncertain) care bundle is a complex intervention used in UK hospitals to support patients with uncertain recovery. However, it has yet to be evaluated in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to identify potential benefits or harms.

Aim
To investigate the feasibility of a cluster RCT of the AMBER care bundle.

Methods
Mixed-method, feasibility cluster RCT. Prospective, quantitative data collected from patients (or proxies lacking capacity) to (i) examine recruitment, retention and follow-up rates; (ii) test trial data collection tools and determine their optimum timing; (iii) test methods to identify use of financial resources; (iv) explore the acceptability of study procedures for health professionals and patients. Descriptive statistical analyses and thematic analysis using the Framework approach.

Results
894 patients were screened, of whom, 220 were eligible and 19 (8.6%) declined to participate. Recruitment to the control arm was challenging; of the 728 patients screened, 647 (88.9%) were excluded. 65 (81.3% of the recruitment target) patients were recruited. Many were elderly (≥80 years 46.2%, n=30, mean-77.8 years SD=12.3 years). Over half (53.8%) had a non-cancer diagnosis, with a mean of 2.3 co-morbidities. 24.6% patients (n=16) died during their hospital stay and 35.4%, (n=23) within 100 days of discharge. In both trial arms, baseline IPOS subscale scores identified ‘moderate’ patient anxiety (mean 13.3 (SD 4.8) control, 13.3 (SD 5.1) intervention), and howRwe identified a ‘good’ care experience (mean 13.1 (SD 2.5) control, 11.5 (SD 2.1) intervention). Collection of quantitative service use/quality of life data was feasible. No patient participants regarded study involvement negatively. Focus groups with health professionals identified concerns regarding (i) subjectivity of the intervention eligibility criteria; (ii) the need to prognosticate to identify potential patients; (iii) consent procedures and questionnaire length.

Conclusions
A full trial of the AMBER care bundle is technically feasible but impractical due to inherent issues with recruitment arising from the intervention eligibility criteria. Since this complex intervention continues to be used in clinical care and advocated in policy, alternative research approaches must be considered and tested.
Is dangling of the lower leg after a free flap reconstruction necessary? A large multicenter randomized controlled study.
Authors: Krijgh David D. , Teunis Teun , Schellekens Pascal P.A. , Mureau Marc M.A. , Luijsterburg Antonius J.M. , Tempelman Tallechien M.T. , Beek Eva S.J. van der , Maarse Wiesje , Coert J. Henk
Published: April 2019

Background: Within the field of plastic surgery free tissue transfer is common practice for knee and lower leg defects. Usually, after such free flap reconstruction patients undergo a dangling protocol in the postoperative phase. A dangling protocol is designed to gradually subject the free flap to increased venous pressure resulting from gravitational forces. Worldwide there are multiple variations of dangling protocols. However, there is no evidence available in the literature that supports the use of a dangling protocol.
Methods: This is a multicenter randomized controlled trial that includes patients with a free flap lower leg reconstruction. The primary outcome is to assess whether a no-dangling protocol is not inferior to a dangling protocol in terms of proportion of partial flap loss, six months after surgery. Secondary objectives are to identify differences in major and minor complications, length of stay, costs, and to objectify blood gaseous changes during dangling. Furthermore, at 2 years we will assess difference in physical function, infection rates and osseous union rates.
Discussion: The primary outcome of this study will give a more decisive answer to the question whether a dangling protocol is necessary after a free flap reconstruction of the lower leg. The secondary outcomes of this study will provide a better insight into the physical functions, infection rates and union rates in these patients.
Trial registration: Registered at the CCMO (Dutch Medical Research Ethics Commission) in the Netherlands on 11 July 2018: NL63146.041.17. Registered with the Dutch Trial Register (registration number NTR 7545).
Response of Some Wheat Varieties to Gibberellic Acid under Saline Conditions
Authors: Hussien Ibrahim Muhi Eldeen , Zhu Xinkai , Zhou Guisheng , Adam Ali Adam Yousif , Ibrahim Elsiddig Aboagla Mohammed , Farah Gafar Ali
Published: April 2019

Core Ideas

The response of some wheat varieties to gibberellic acid (GA3) hormone under salinity stress was evaluated.

Use of GA3 was successful for alleviating the adverse effects of salinity.

Genetic element plays a vital role in the variations among the varieties.

Salinity is one of the primary abiotic stresses, especially in arid and semiarid regions. An experiment was conducted in a controlled condition at Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China, to determine whether the gibberellic acid (GA3) might be alleviating the harmful effects of NaCl on germination and early seedling growth attributes. In this investigation, four varieties (Argin, Imam, Xumai 30, and Yang 11‐10), four salinity levels (0, 100, 200, and 300 mM NaCl), and three concentrations of GA3 (0, 0.29, and 0.58 mM) were tested. Germination rate, germination percentage, shoot length, root length, dry weight, STI (salt tolerance index), and SVI (seedling vigor index) were affected by the interactions between variety and salinity and by interactions between salinity and GA3. Water uptake, germination percentage, and root length were affected by the interactions between variety and GA3. At the 300 mM salinity level, 0.58 GA3 increased water uptake by 33.9% and Argin had the highest germination rate (35.6), shoot length (0.64 cm), dry weight (3.7 mg plant −1), STI (22.2), and SVI (0.75). Moreover, among all hormone levels used in this study, 0.58 mM was most effective on most parameters that measured. These results suggest that soaking the seeds in GA3 solutions can reduce the influence of growing salinity problems worldwide.
Annual Cereal Cover Crops Following Winter Wheat Produce High Quality Fall Forage
Authors: Deen W. , Janovicek K. , Landry E. , Lee E. A.
Published: April 2019

Core Ideas

Forage quality of fall‐grown annual cereal cover crops was high in southern Ontario, Canada.

Oat produced more forage than barley when disease pressure was high.

Oat–pea forage had higher crude protein with similar yield and nutrient digestibility versus oat.

Fertilization (50–67 kg N ha−1) increased yield without affecting quality.

Oat seeded at 80 and 120 kg ha−1 had similar forage yield and quality.

Fall‐grown cereal cover crops can serve dual purpose as forage in southwestern Ontario, Canada. Four experimental field trials and four on‐farm validation trials were conducted to evaluate yield and quality of late‐summer sown and fall harvested barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oat (Avena sativa L.), and an oat–pea (Pisum sativum L.) mixture. Barley, oat, and the oat–pea mixture had similar yields where 50 to 67 kg N ha−1 was applied and when barley yields were not limited by Septoria (Septoria passerinii Sacc) leaf spot. Forage yields were increased at three of four experimental field trials by 0.3–0.7 Mg ha−1) when harvest was delayed from late October to mid‐November. Later harvest dates increased nonfiber carbohydrates (NFC) (51–99 g kg−1) and decreased neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (16–54 g kg−1) and crude protein (CP) (19–47 g kg−1) with minimal effect on total digestible nutrients (TDN). Mid‐fall harvested oat forage with 50 to 67 kg N ha−1 produced an average yield of 2.9 Mg ha−1. Oat forage quality was consistently high. Individual trial oat averages for NDF did not exceed 509 g kg−1, in‐vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) was not less than 690 g kg−1, increased NFC was not less than 285 g kg−1 and TDN always exceeded 720 g kg−1. Addition of peas, increased CP by 28 g kg−1, with minimal impact on other nutritional quality characteristics. Oat or oat–pea mixtures, seeded as cover crops following winter cereal harvest are capable of producing satisfactory forage yields with excellent nutritional quality.
Application Timing Affects Tolerance of Zoysiagrass to Fluazifop‐P‐butyl and Safening Effect of Triclopyr
Authors: Liu Wenwen , Unruh J. Bryan , Kenworthy Kevin E. , MacDonald Gregory E. , Trenholm Laurie E. , Leon Ramon G.
Published: April 2019

Aryloxyphenoxypropionate (AOPP) herbicides, such as fluazifop‐P‐butyl, can be used for postemergence control of grassy weeds in zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.), although the turf might suffer transient injury. This injury can be reduced by tank mixing fluazifop‐P‐butyl with triclopyr, an herbicide that behaves as a safener for AOPP herbicides. To characterize seasonal variation in zoysiagrass injury caused by fluazifop‐P‐butyl and triclopyr applications, we conducted a 2‐yr study on three Zoysia spp. cultivars (‘Empire’, ‘Geo’, and ‘Zeon’) at Jay, FL, from August 2015 to April 2017, evaluating how injury and turf quality were affected after spring, summer, and fall applications. The level of injury and changes in turf quality were influenced by fluazifop‐P‐butyl application timing, but the most sensitive season varied with the cultivar. The seasons with the greatest injury were also the ones in which the safening activity of triclopyr was most effective. In addition, when triclopyr was applied with fluazifop‐P‐butyl, the quality of all evaluated cultivars recovered to the level of nontreated controls by 2 wk after treatment. Nonstructural carbohydrate content was not affected by herbicide applications, but there were major differences in glucose and starch content between above‐ and belowground tissue depending on cultivar and season. Overall, our study confirmed that tank mixing triclopyr can reduce fluazifop‐P‐butyl phytotoxicity in zoysiagrass, and in the case of relatively tolerant cultivars, it might allow the use of rates higher than the current labeled rate with little negative impact on turf quality while providing better control of both broadleaf and grassy weeds.
Videografi: Kamera dan Teknik Pengambilan Gambar
Authors: Bonafix D. Nunnun
Published: April 2019

Technology advances have greatly influenced in film and television development in the last decades. The purpose of this article is that videographers are able to increase their competence and skills in both mastering video camera and producing innovative and artistic work. A camera is one of the vital devices to take video pictures. In order to produce the best pictures, the camera mastery, the mastery of both the parts of the camera and the picture taking techniques, becomes an absolute point. Therefore, the abilities of the videographers can be improved significantly and they are able to produce the best and acknowledged work.
Kritik Seni dengan Kasus Festival Seni Rupa “Nagari Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat”
Authors: Kuntjara Hagung
Published: April 2019

"War againt the forgot" – Some time ago the government through a bill drafted by the Ministry of Home Affairs rolled leadership succession issues covered in the bill of Privileges Yogyakarta which hands polemical dichotomy of choice 'Sultan is not automatically Governor' (by election) or 'Sultan is automatically Governor' (direct designation). Social and political conditions that nation endlessly polemical dichotomy is heating up at the public grassroot level to the national level lead to opposite parties and keep fire as unresolved. A Fine Arts Festival event titled "Nagari Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat" one century to coincide with HB IX, was presented in Jogja National Museum (JNM) 13 April 2012 and 2 weeks later, became a kind of 'witness marker' of the existence and the constellation 'Nagari Yogyakarta Sultanate - HB IX' with the Republic of Indonesia. Form of attitudes, arts events as a marker – ‘Titi pranoto mongso’ - in ancient agrarian societies of Java was used as a natural event signs to be observed, the Arts Festival events can be read as a reminder to not forget, will conduct historical Yogyakarta. Practice of art criticism writing is about the Arts Festival event "Nagari Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat" in the perspective of art criticism, which is not only a cultural festival article coverage of events, but also the existence of a strong side shoot 'Nagari Yogyakarta Sultanate - HB IX 'is presented in the form of representation of the works of art are very diverse and are free to respond to a given topic.