The Ethical Compass: Establishing ethical guidelines for research practices in sports medicine and exercise science
Authors: Guelmami Noomen , Ben Ezzeddine Lamia , Hatem Ghouili , Trabelsi Omar , Ben Saad Helmi , Glenn Jordan M , El Omri Abdelfatteh , Chalghaf Nasr , Taheri Morteza , Bouassida Anissa , Ben Aissa Mohamed , Trabelsi Khaled , Ammar Achraf , Bouzouraa Mohamed Mansour , Saidane Mouna , Eken Özgür , Clark Cain Craig Truman , Parsakia Kamdin , Dhahbi Wissem , Barakat Lolwa , Reynoso-Sánchez Luis Felipe , El-Seedi Hesham R. , Paineiras-Domingos Laisa Liane , Romdhani Mohamed , Al-Horani Ramzi , Washif Jad Adrian , Shoib Sheikh , Alyasiri Osamah Mohammed , Mataruna-Dos-Santos Leonardo Jose , Alshahrani Najim Z , Vancini Rodrigo Luiz , Ceylan Halil İbrahim , Dai Haijiang , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi , Swed Sarya , Knechtle Beat , Zmijewski Piotr , Chtourou Hamdi , Chamari Karim , Dergaa Ismail 
Published: April 2024

Objective: Research in sports medicine and exercise science has experienced significant growth over recent years. With this expansion, there has been a concomitant rise in ethical challenges specific to these disciplines. While various ethical guidelines exist for numerous scientific fields, a comprehensive set tailored specifically for sports medicine and exercise science is lacking. Aiming to bridge this gap, this paper proposes a comprehensive, updated set of ethical guidelines specifically targeted at researchers in sports medicine and exercise science, providing them with a thorough framework to ensure research integrity. Methods: A collaborative approach was adopted, involving contributions from a diverse group of international experts in the field. A thorough review of existing ethical guidelines was conducted, followed by the identification and detailed examination of 15 specific ethical topics relevant to the discipline. Each topic was discussed in terms of its definition, consequences, and preventive measures. Results: The research in sports medicine and exercise science has grown significantly, bringing to the fore ethical challenges unique to these disciplines. Our comprehensive review identifies 15 key ethical challenges: plagiarism, data falsification, role of artificial intelligence chatbots in academic writing, overstating results, excessive/strategic self-citation, duplicate publications, non-disclosure of conflicts of interest, image manipulation, misuse of peer review, ghost and gift authorship, inadequate data retention, data fabrication, falsification of IRB approvals, lack of informed consent, and unethical human or animal experimentation. For each identified challenge, we propose practical solutions and best practices, enriched by the diverse perspectives of our collaborative international expert panel. This endeavor aims to offer a foundational set of ethical guidelines tailored to the nuanced needs of sports medicine and exercise science, ensuring research integrity and promoting ethical responsibility across these vital fields. Conclusion: This article represents a seminal contribution to the establishment of essential ethical guidelines specifically designed for the fields of sports medicine and exercise science. This article charts a clear course for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers by integrating these ethical principles at the heart of our scholarly and clinical activities. Consequently, it envisions a future where the principles of research integrity and ethical responsibility consistently inform every scientific discovery and every clinical engagement.