bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desertification: On Significance of The Term and Research of The Phenomenon
Authors: Plit Florian
Published: December 2018

First elaborations on desertification come from the Renaissance, but the term was used for the first time by Aubréville in 1949. In later years, many significantly varying in meaning definitions were elaborated.

In later periods, researchers’ attention concentrated on different areas. At the turn of the XIXth century, interest was mainly focused on Asia, later on the peripheries of the Sahara, in recent years on desertification in post-soviet Central Asia, China and Mongolia.
Social and Occupational Changes in Small Towns in The Swiętokrzyskie Voivodship During the Transformation of the Political System
Authors: Mularczyk Mirosław
Published: December 2018

The objective of the paper is to present social and occupational changes in small towns in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodship in regard to their accessibility to communication with larger towns in the examined area. Because of the availability of statistic data for the analysis, the time period from 1995 to 2004 was selected.

Answers to the following question were looked for in the paper:

– is there an interdependence between the directions of the occurring social and occupational changes (a change in the number of inhabitants, changes in internal migrations, changes in the employment structure) in small towns of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodship and their accessibility to communication with larger towns (exceeding five thousand inhabitants) in the examined area.

A network of towns in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodship, in the form in which it functions since 1999 is examined.
Development and Distribution of Private Microfirms in Mid-Size Polish Towns During the Transformation Period
Authors: Kamińska Wioletta , Mularczyk Mirosław
Published: December 2018

The objective of the paper is to present the development and distribution of microfirms in mid-size Polish towns during the years of transformation of the political system. Research comprised towns with a population numbering from 20 thousand to 100 thousand inhabitants. According to the Central Office of Statistics reporting standards it is recognized that micro enterprises are economic entities employing up to nine people. Research has shown that a dynamic growth of microfirms took place during the transformation period in mid-size Polish towns. Majority of them came into being in towns with high tourism values located near border crossing points, along the main communication routes, on the edge of great urban-industrial agglomerations and towns located within special economic zones. On the other hand, the least number of microfirms were recorded in towns with less than 50 thousand inhabitants, usually peripherally located in a given voivodship.
Depopulation of the Russian far East. Magadan Oblast: A Case Study
Authors: Wites Tomasz
Published: December 2018

The paper presents spatial differentiation and causes of depopulation processes that began in Magadan Oblast in the Russian Far East after the fall of the Soviet Union. In the region under investigation, depopulation is very intensive. The analysis of changes in population in the lower-lever administrative units allows for showing the differences in spatial distribution of depopulation in individual regions [“rayons”]. During the research surveys, allowing for a fuller understanding of the conditions and the process of depopulation, were conducted.
Western European Retail Chains in The Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia – Similarities and Differences
Authors: Wilk Waldemar
Published: December 2018

The paper deals with an analysis the growing presence of international retail enterprises in the Central European countries of the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia. Results of the research show that there are differences between the Polish market and the remaining two. The differences are in the scale of investments, the investors’ geographic origin, the number of stores within the network of the so called modern distribution channels (hyper- and supermarkets and discount stores). The diversity of location strategies used by Western European retail enterprises in the Central European markets is also shown, beginning with the methods of entering new markets (organic growth, acquisition of existing chains, franchising) and ending on the degree of concentration of retail stores in the largest cities of the three countries.
Warsaw Metropolitan Area in an International Relations Network
Authors: Grochowski Mirosław , Fuhrmann Magdalena , Madurowicz Mikołaj , Pieniążek Marek , Wilk Waldemar , Zegar Tomasz
Published: December 2018

International relations of the Warsaw Metropolitan Area are presented in the paper. International relations, their extent (number and range), character and intensity reflect on the degree to which the metropolitan area (the central city and the remaining component units) has been included into an economic and socio-political relations network. Research was carried out, taking advantage of a broad base of available information sources, general economic, cultural, scientific, transport, tourist relations as well as cooperation of international self-government units1.
Transformation of Rural Communities in Las Huastecas Region in Mexico. Preliminary Field Research Report.
Authors: Lisocka-Jaegermann Bogumiła , Skoczek Maria , Martínez Joaquín Roberto González
Published: December 2018

The article contains preliminary report of field study conducted in February 2006 in Las Huastecas Region in Mexico by members of the Department of Regional Studies on Latin America at the Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies of Warsaw University. The aim of the research was to determine changes in socio-economic patterns of Las Huastecas rural areas, as well as to grasp the way local inhabitants perceived them. Open and semi-structured interviews were held with local authorities and inhabitants, in many cases with the same persons that were interviewed during the previous research trip in 2001. Conclusions deal with such aspects of Las Huastecas reality, as further improvement in social and technical infrastructure, intensification of diversification of revenues including short and medium temporal migration to big cities in northern parts of Mexico as well as seasonal migration of rural labor to agribusiness sector. Some limited new initiatives related to small scale tourism, preservation of cultural heritage and aquaculture were also observed. The local inhabitants perceived their actual situation as more difficult than 5 years ago, but we have impression that many of social actors have been more active during this period.
Perspectives of Development of Ecotourism in West Africa – Examples from Niger, Mali and The Ivory Coast
Authors: Kulczyk Sylwia
Published: December 2018

Ecotourism, understood as a form of leisure conforming with the principles of environmental protection and promoting its natural and cultural values, is dynamically developing in almost all parts of the world. Properly carried out, ecotourism projects may be an essential instrument of regional development. Problems of ecotourism development in four areas of West Africa, i.e. the Comoé National Park (Ivory Coast), the Dogon Country (Mali), the northern Dallol Boss Region and Kouré (Niger), and the Äir and Ténéré Natural Reserves (Niger) are discussed in the article.

A common characteristic of the chosen areas are their significant natural and cultural values and the occurrence of tourist activeness allowing to qualify them as ecotouristic sites. The analysis of both external and internal success factors in ecotourism leads to the conclusion that, in the discussed regions, ecotourism development is a positive phenomenon. It should, however, be accompanied by continuous supervision of environmental conditions and ecological education of the local population.
Methods of Assessment of The Natural Environment in Examining the Relationship Between its Diversity, Values and Tourism in Western Australia’s National Parks
Authors: Bednarek Małgorzata
Published: December 2018

In 2004, the author studied the impact of the diversity of the environment and natural values in national parks of Western Australia on the number of tourists visiting them. The research indicates that the highest correlation is between natural values and number of tourists, a smaller one is between the diversity of the environment and natural values and the lowest correlation is between the diversity of the environment and the number of tourists. Such studies require proper methods for evaluation of the natural environment. This paper discusses differences between the two main methods. The first, which describes diversity of the environment in national parks, is based on the evaluation made for the whole continent, where six main features of the environment were measured in the grid of squares. The natural values were studied with a greater accuracy on the basis of the descriptions and maps concerning the parks’ territory. Attractiveness in respect to natural values is presented by the sum of points. Each park received from 0 to 2 points for each of the 18 natural values.
Economic Significance of Tourism in The Lesser Antilles
Authors: Piraszewska Katarzyna
Published: December 2018

The objective of the article is an attempt to assess the economic significance of tourism in chosen islands of the Lesser Antilles. Diversification of the significance of tourism in economy between particular islands of the Lesser Antilles is very extensive. The economy of islands such as the British Virgin Islands, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda is highly dependent on tourism. On the other hand, islands such as Martinique and Curaçao derive small profits from tourism. The tourism satellite account method was used to show to what a degree each of the Lesser Antilles islands is dependent on tourism and what profits are derived from it. The account considers both direct and indirect outlays on tourism. The selected countries are divided into groups according to the intensity of tourism, the size of the GDP generated per one inhabitant as well as the share of employment in tourism per total employment. A group of countries and dependent territories deriving greater and lesser economic benefits from tourism than might appear from the intensity of tourism is identified.
The Role of Didactic Trails in Geographical Education in Poland
Authors: Angiel Joanna
Published: December 2018

The paper presents the goals of creation of various kinds of didactic trails in Poland. Various methods of presenting information and of conducting geographical field trips on such trails are described. Thanks to that, it is possible not only to broaden the students’ knowledge about the given area but also to develop numerous skills and attitudes leading to the awareness of the geographical environment and its value in human life. The paper contains also a procedure for creating one’s own didactic trail in the nearest area.
Evolution of Sozological Maps in Poland
Authors: Siwek Jerzy
Published: December 2018

The beginnings of sozological cartography in Poland go back to the second half of 1960s. Since those times many maps showing both relatively small areas and entire voivodships as well as the whole country have been published. A large range of territories corresponds to an equally large variation of the scale: from 1:10 000 and 1:25 000 scales to small scales in school atlases. The content of the individual maps exhibits a large differentiation — from the monothematic approaches to the richest in content, comprehensive 1:50 000 scale Sozological Map of Poland, published since the early 1990s. The state of the natural environment of Poland, presented on many detailed maps, still awaits a synthesis in form of general regional maps, thus of medium-scale maps.
Modern Methods of Use of Geographic Maps in Field Research for Localisation of Objects
Authors: Macioch Andrzej
Published: December 2018

In the paper the author described briefly modern technical possibilities of supporting the use of maps in field research and presented methods of map use in localisation of objects. In his description of the methods the author presented the differences in the approach to the problem depending on the features of the maps, both paper and digital ones. He also stressed the issue of adjustment of the features related to the cartometricity of the maps in use to the coordinate system in which the data required for the field projects are obtained and processed.
Differentiation Between Forms of Urban Development Using The Object-Oriented Classification Method with Central Warsaw as The Example
Authors: Zaremski Karol
Published: December 2018

The aim of the paper is to present automated methods of discrimination of urban development forms using object-oriented classification in high-resolution images taken by the Ikonos satellite. The object-oriented classification makes possible to describe individual classes using not only the spectral reflection values but also the shapes, textures and topology of objects. The classification process as such is based on the theory of fuzzy sets.

The research covered an area of 25 km, situated in central Warsaw. As a result of object-oriented classification, five classes of development typical of large cities were distinguished and described.
Simulation of Changes of The Warsaw Urban Area 1969-2023 (Application of Cellular Automata)
Authors: Werner Piotr
Published: December 2018

It is possible to make analyses within the field of GIS applying cellular automata. One of the purposes of socio-economic geography is indirect understanding of the phenomenon by analyzing spatial patterns and inferring spatio-temporal processes looking rather for local hotspots. The cellular automata are the tool both for spatio-temporal inferring based on local conditions and data visualization. The evidence is the case study of spatial simulation of Warsaw Urban Area (Poland).

The author verifies the hypothesis that the present layout and extent of the Warsaw agglomeration determines further directions of the city’s spatial development. To this end, he employs a method based on cellular automata theory.
Geographical Dimension of Internet Domains
Authors: Pokojska Paulina , Pokojski Wojciech
Published: December 2018

One of the two highest levels of Internet domains has its geographical dimension. It consists of the so-called country-code domains (ccTLDs) assigned to the individual countries of the world according to the standard ISO 3166. Some of these domains took over the role of worldwide functional domains and large income from their sale caused economic and social changes in the countries with attractive country-code domains.
”New” public urban space: citizens’ initiatives in participatory budgeting in Katowice, Łódź and Poznań
Authors: Bernaciak Arnold , Rzeńca Agnieszka , Sobol Agnieszka
Published: December 2018

Participatory budgeting has become a vital tool in making urban spatial planning more community oriented. Examination of how participatory budgeting has evolved is a pertinent subject in theoretical research and in practical applications. Projects proposed by local communities improve the quality of life in cities and enhance benefits offered by public spaces. The main goal of the paper is to present an overview and examine projects that transform public space, which have been implemented in selected Polish cities, namely in Katowice, Łódź, and Poznań within the framework of participatory budgeting exercise.

Our research has demonstrated that in many cases participatory budgeting has acted as a catalyst of a variety of local bottom-up initiatives addressing public space in researched cities. It is thanks to the engaged and creative people at the local level that new functions which improve the quality of life are developed in cities.
Enhancement in magnetic and electrical properties of Ni substituted Mg ferrite
Authors: Ramarao K. , Babu B. Rajesh , Babu B. Kishore , Veeraiah V. , Rajasekhar K. , Kumar B. Ranjith , Latha B. Swarna
Published: December 2018

In this work, Ni substituted magnesium spinel ferrites having general formula Mg1−xNixFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3) were synthesized by standard solid state reaction method. All the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), DC resistivity measurements. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the single spinel phase. The lattice constant decreased with increasing Ni content due to the difference in the ionic radii of Mg2+ and Ni2+ ions. The FT-IR spectra reveled two prominent frequency bands in the wave number range of 400 cm−1 to 600 cm−1, which confirmed the cubic spinel structure of obtained compound and completion of chemical reaction. Magnetic studies revealed that the saturation magnetization increased with the substitution of Ni. The increase in magnetization was explained on the basis of distribution of magnetic and non-magnetic cations among A and B sites of the spinel lattice. A significant influence of cation distribution on DC electrical resistivity and activation energy was observed.
Polyaniline: tin oxide polymeric nanocomposite films. An electrical and dielectric study
Authors: Arora Rajeev , Chand Subhash , Sharma Pankaj
Published: December 2018

A conducting nanocomposite film of 60 nm nano-SnO2-polyaniline (PANI) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been synthesized and analyzed in terms of AC conductivity and dielectric behavior. The conducting polymer nanocomposite of PANI/60 nm (SnO2) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been prepared via in situ polymerization technique. The morphology of the nanocomposite film has been studied by SEM. The film has been characterized in terms of DC conductivity. The dielectric behavior and AC conductivity of the nanocomposite film have been investigated in the frequency range of 2 Hz to 90 KHz. The film has high dielectric constant which may be correlated with polarization. It has been observed that both dielectric loss and dielectric constant decrease with an increase in frequency.
Effect of MgB2 additives on structure, electrical and thermal properties of Eu1Ba2Cu3O7
Authors: Akduran Nurcan
Published: December 2018

The effect of MgB2 addition on the Eu1Ba2Cu3O7 (EBCO) ceramics was systematically studied. Series of Eu1Ba2Cu3O7 + x(MgB2) samples (x = 0 wt.%, 0.05 wt.%, 0.1 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 3 wt.%) were prepared using traditional solid state method. X-ray powder diffraction measurements were used for phase identification. The lattice parameters and orthorombicity decreased with MgB2 addition. A standard four point measurement method was used to determine transition temperatures Tc of superconducting samples. Tc values of the samples were decreasing with MgB2 concentration. TGA results indicate thermal stability of doped samples.
Stress coping styles and occupational burnout syndrome of nurses employed in intensive care units
Authors: Kotarba Agnieszka , Borowiak Ewa
Published: December 2018

Aim. The aim of the study is to evaluate a relationship between demographic and work-related factors and a work stress coping style as well as a relationship between a work stress coping style and symptoms of occupational syndrome.

Material and methods. Material was collected from 50 nurses employed in intensive care units of clinical hospitals of the Medical University of Lodz. The study was conducted as a diagnostic survey using the following survey techniques: author’s questionnaire and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS).

Results. The study group demonstrated the highest mean value for the task-oriented coping style and the lowest mean value – for the avoidance-oriented coping style. Age, education level and subjective determination of the degree of work-related stress affect the value of the task-oriented coping style. The emotion-oriented stress style is accompanied by heart palpitations and avoidance of physical activity. The value of the avoidance-oriented coping sub-style, i.e. distraction, depends on atmosphere at workplace, heart palpitations and sleep problems. The value of the avoidance-oriented coping sub style, i.e. social diversion, is contributed by marital status, fertility and work organization.

Conclusions. Nurses working in intensive care units prefer the task-oriented coping style. Work stress coping style is related to demographic factors and perception of work environment. An unadaptive style of coping with work-related stress is accompanied by symptoms of somatic occupational burnout syndrome.
Homecare of a child suffering from Leig´h syndrome – a case study
Authors: Krawczyk Bożena , Jurasz Karolina , Skoczylas Kornelia , Kadłubowska Monika
Published: December 2018

Introduction. Leigh syndrome, also called subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy, belongs to a group of ultra-rare neurodegenerative mitochondrial diseases. It is most often caused by various genetic enzyme deficiencies. An infant with the syndrome is in need of constant care by their parents who have been appropriately trained and prepared for homecare.

Aim. The aim of the study was to present issues connected with the home care of a child with Leigh syndrome and to propose a new model of a home care based on a chosen case study.

Material and methods. The research employs the case study method. Used techniques include interviewing, observation, medical document analysis.

Results. Homecare of a child with Leigh syndrome involves stabilising and supporting life functions and ensuring safety as well as meeting both their physiological and psychological needs.

Conclusions. Present state of medicine does not allow for causative treatment. All that can be done is hindering the disease’s progress and moderating its symptoms. Complex medical care, nursing, along with rehabilitation can prolong and significantly affect the patient’s quality of life.
Nursing care for a patient with metabolic syndrome including ICNP® reference terminology
Authors: Szwarnowski Paweł , Przesławska Paulina , Grabowska Hanna
Published: December 2018

Introduction. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions (increased blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels) that occur together, increasing your risk of cardiovascular disorders.

Aim. The aim of the study was to formulate a nursing care plan for a patient with GN using the ICNP®? terminology.

Material and methods. The research employed the case study method and the technique of the interview, observation, analysis of medical records and measurements. The research was conducted at the Clinic of Arterial Hypertension and Diabetology at the University Clinical Centre in Gdańsk and involved 2 patients with MS.

Results and conclusions. Based on the data obtained, the following nursing diagnoses were formulated: Impaired Regulatory System Function/Hyperglycaemia, Altered Blood Pressure, Acute Pain (head), Overweight, Impaired Sleep and Anxiety, potential diagnoses: Risk For Impaired Peripheral Neurovascular Function, Risk For Diabetic Foot and Risk For Medication Side Effect, and as well as self-control and self-care: Impaired Ability To Manage Regime and Impaired Ability To Monitor Disease.
A coumarin-based fluorescent probe for specific and rapid detection of fluoride ions
Authors: Xin Zhen-Hui , Meng Ya-Li , Wu Yan-Hua , Wang Jian , Feng Zhi-Ke , Kang Yan-Fei
Published: December 2018

A simple and coumarin-based fluorescence probe has been designed and synthesized with silyl group as recognition group of fluoride ions (F−) in this study. The results showed that the fluorescence intensity of the probe displayed prominent enhancement with addition of F− at 445 nm with incubation of 1 min. There was an excellent linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and fluoride concentration from 0 to 30 μM (0~0.57 ppm), which offered the important condition for the quantitative analysis. In addition, the highly selective response to fluorion, the low detection limit with 28 nM (0.532 ppb), low toxicity and bioimaging afforded an advantage for practical application and detecting fluoride in biological systerms.
Environmental friendly method of the epoxidation of limonene with hydrogen peroxide over the Ti-SBA-15 catalyst
Authors: Wróblewska Agnieszka , Malko Mariusz , Walasek Marika
Published: December 2018

This work presents the studies on the epoxidation of limonene to 1,2-epoxylimonene with hydrogen peroxide and over the titanium-silicate Ti-SBA-15 catalyst. The main object of the research was a solvent effect on the epoxidation process. The influence of solvents, such as: methanol, toluene, propan-2-ol (isopropyl alcohol), acetonitrile and ethanol has been studied. Furthermore, the influence of temperature in the range of 0-120°C and the reaction time in the range of 0.25-48 h have been investigated. Gas chromatography and iodometric titration methods were used to establish the products of this process and amount of the unreacted hydrogen peroxide. 1,2-Epoxylimonene, 1,2-epoxylimonene diol, perillyl alcohol, carvone and carveol have been determined as the main products of this process. All these compounds are very valuable raw materials for organic syntheses, medicine or cosmetic and food industry.
The Effects of Epoxidized Acrylated Castor Oil (EACO) on Soft Poly (vinyl chloride) Films as a Main Plasticizer
Authors: Song Fei , Xia Haoyu , Jia Puyou , Zhang Meng , Hu Lihong , Zhou Yonghong
Published: December 2018

In this work, an environmentally friendly type plasticizer was introduced. The synthesis consisted of two steps. In the first step, castor oil (CO) was acrylated and then the acrylated castor oil (ACO) was epoxidized with the presence of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide in the second step. The epoxidized acrylated castor oil (EACO) was characterized by FTIR and 1H-NMR techniques. The EACO was used as a main plasticizer to obtain plasticized PVC materials and compared with DOP. The results showed that EACO improved polyvinyl-chloride (PVC) plasticization performance and reduced Tg from 81.06°C to 1.40°C. Plasticized PVC materials with EACO showed similar mechanical properties and better thermal stability than DOP. EACO had better volatility stabilities, migration and solvent extraction in PVC than DOP. EACO can be used to replace DOP to prepare soft films.
Treatment of petroleum refinery effluent using ultrasonic irradiation
Authors: Fındık Serap
Published: December 2018

Ultrasonic irradiation is one of the advanced oxidation methods used in wastewater treatment. In this study, ultrasonic treatment of petroleum refinery effluent was examined. An ultrasonic homogenizator with a 20 kHz frequency and an ultrasonic bath with a 42 kHz frequency were used as a source for ultrasound. The effects of parameters such as ZnO amount, ozone saturation time, and type of ultrasound source on the degradation of petroleum refinery effluent were investigated. The degradation of petroleum refinery effluent was measured as a change in initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) and with time. According to the results, degradation increased with the addition of ZnO in an ultrasonic probe. There was also a positive effect of ozone saturation before sonication then applying ultrasound on the degradation for an ultrasonic probe. It was observed that there was no positive effect of ZnO addition and ozone saturation on degradation for an ultrasonic bath.
Influence of epoxy resin curing systems and aluminium surface modification on selected properties of adhesive joints
Authors: Szymiczek Małgorzata , Chmielnicki Błażej
Published: December 2018

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of epoxy resin curing agents and aluminium surface modification on the properties of adhesive joints which were subjected to aging under thermal shock conditions. Composites containing reinforced aramid and carbon fibres with aluminium flat profiles (alloy Al 5754) were tested under shear conditions. Epoxy resin (Araldite LY 1564) with amine curing agents (Aradur 3486, Aradur 3487 and Aradur 3405) was used as a matrix. Composites were made using vacuum-assisted contact lamination. The degree of degradation was assessed on the basis of lap shear strength of adhesive joints in accordance with EN ISO 1465:2009. The research showed that epoxy composite samples based on Aradur 3405 (accelerated aliphatic polyamine) and sanded surface of aluminium presented the best lap shear adhesive strength, because this composite has the largest roughness. The hardness of the used adhesive is slightly increased with the cycle number.
Non-alcoholic beer production – an overview
Authors: Jackowski Mateusz , Trusek Anna
Published: December 2018

Through years beer became one of the best known alcoholic beverages in the world. For some reason e.g. healthy lifestyle, medical reasons, driver’s duties, etc. there is a need for soft drink with similar organoleptic properties as standard beer. There are two major approaches to obtain such product. First is to interfere with biological aspects of beer production technology like changes in mashing regime or to perform fermentation in conditions that promote lower alcohol production or using special (often genetic modified) microorganism. Second approach is to remove alcohol from standard beer. It is mainly possible due to evaporation techniques and membrane ones. All these approaches are presented in the paper.
Encapsulated catalase from Serratia genus for H2O2 decomposition in food applications
Authors: Czyzewska Katarzyna , Trusek Anna
Published: December 2018

The recombinant catalase isolated from a psychrotolerant microorganism belonging to Serratia genus exhibits a high activity in a wide range of pH. Due to a great catalytic potential in operational conditions, it can be used in various industrial applications whereby it acts as a hydrogen peroxide scavenger. To reduce the cost of biocatalyst the enzyme encapsulation into a hydrogel structure was proposed. The obtained results showed a high activity of encapsulated catalase in acidic conditions (pH in range 4.4 - 6.6) and at low temperatures (6-15°C). Moreover, immobilized catalase exhibited a high stability in natural media, especially in milk. Its activity during peroxide decomposition in milk, the possibility of re-using, as well as the fixed bed reactor performance confirmed wide application possibilities. High values of enzyme and substrate concentrations led to the beads burst due to rapid oxygen diffusion from the capsules, thus they are limited.
Membrane reactor for enzymatic depolymerization – a case study based on protein hydrolysis
Authors: Noworyta Andrzej , Trusek Anna , Wajsprych Maciej
Published: December 2018

The efficiency of enzymatic depolymerization in a membrane reactor was investigated. The model analysis was performed on bovine serum albumin hydrolysis reaction led by three different enzymes, for which kinetic equations have different forms. Comparing to a classic reactor, the reaction yield turns out to be distinctly higher for all types of kinetics. The effect arises from increasing (thanks to the proper selectivity of the applied membrane) the concentration of reagents in the reaction volume. The investigations indicated the importance of membrane selectivity election, residence time and at non-competitive inhibition the substrate (biopolymer) concentration in feed stream. Presented analysis is helpful in these parameters choice for enzymatic hydrolysis of different biopolymers.
Jelinek in Chinese: a Controversial Austrian Nobel Laureate in the Chinese Book Market
Authors: Hoefle Arnhilt Johanna
Published: December 2018

The awarding of the world’s best known literature prize to the controversial Austrian writer Elfriede Jelinek in 2004 triggered off worldwide hype in its reception. So far, Jelinek’s works have been translated into more than 40 languages. Chinese is one of them. Although the author’s first works had already been translated back in the 1990s, on the Chinese mainland all translations of her works were actually published only after the key event of the Nobel Prize. They immediately received immense attention from the Chinese public and unleashed what could even be termed a ‘Jelinek fever’. This paper is devoted to shedding light on the first introduction and the unexpected success of this controversial Austrian Nobel laureate in the Chinese book market. It will give an overview of the Chinese translations of Jelinek’s works and will try to reveal some of the dynamics that led to their actual selection, translation, publication, marketing and status as bestsellers. The challenges of the rapidly transforming Chinese publishing industry and the impact of these challenges on the reception of foreign literature will be discussed. Furthermore, the paper will outline the crucial role of the intermediaries, especially of the powerful literary agency involved, in this process of cultural transfer.
The Japanese Corporate Sports System: a Unique Style of Sports Promotion
Authors: Leitner Katrin Jumiko
Published: December 2018

While the organisation of sports in different countries is structured primarily on regional sports clubs, sports in Japan are based to a large extent on corporate sports. In corporate sports, Japanese companies are the owners of sports teams and their members must be employees of the company, meaning that the athletes work in addition to their sporting activities.

This article deals with the system of corporate sports, using the example of corporate judo teams. First, the author gives a detailed description of the corporate judo teams to show how the system works. The question is then posed why the corporate sports system still exists in judo while a large number of teams in many other sports have broken up since the 1990s, and the breakdown of the corporate sports system will be analysed.

Reasons for the preservation of the corporate sports system in judo were found in business relations, in the marketing of sports, in the organisation of sports in Japan and in the special importance of judo in that country. However, although the corporate sports system has been maintained in Japanese judo up to the present day, a trend towards a modern form of corporate sports can be seen.
The Academic Discussion of the ‘Comfort Women’ in the PRC
Authors: Prouza Michaela
Published: December 2018

This article provides the reader with an outline of academic research on comfort women in China: its development and its main topics, the disciplines involved in the discourse and the timeline of events triggering and intensifying research in this area are discussed. Using a quantitative as well as a qualitative approach, I attempt to position these debates firstly within international discourses and secondly within general PRC historiography. The hypothesis being proposed is that in terms of topic as well as concerning the mode of research and presentation, comfort women-related research has been strongly influenced by an imagined Japanese revisionist interlocutor.
Self-Responsibility of the Japanese Hostages in Iraq: Discourse Analysis of Japanese Daily Newspapers Concerning the Self-Responsibility Discussion in April 2004
Authors: Steinschneider Klara
Published: December 2018

Two successive Japanese hostage cases in Iraq in April 2004, where hostage-takers demanded the withdrawal of the Self Defence Forces in return for release of the hostages, turned into a discussion about ‘self-responsibility’.

This paper concentrates on an analysis of the discursive representation of ‘self-responsibility’. The aim is to explain how the media discourse on the hostage crisis and the hostages’ ‘self-responsibility’ is regulating and determining social structures with respect to which tasks self-responsibility has to take over, on the basis of the critical discourse analysis proposed by Norman Fairclough

The argument is that the principle of self-responsibility has come to replace the hitherto valid responsibility of the state to protect its citizens. This is happening in favour of the newly emerging principle of not accepting terrorism and of fulfilling one’s duty as an international state.
Home, Militarism and Nostalgia in Japanese Popular Song from 1937 to 1945
Authors: Strasser Sabiene
Published: December 2018

The article focuses on the representation of wartime Japan as a home (and home country) by analysing contemporary popular songs. Within this frame I show examples of how the Japanese state managed to influence the Japanese people through propaganda songs in order to gain the people’s moral support for the war effort. My essay aims further at drawing a picture of Japan’s musical world from the latter half of the 1930s to the end of World War II, as a detailed consideration of popular music and its surroundings always allows us to interpret much more than expected at first view.

In addition, I consider the mass media as a supporter of Japan’s ideological aims. The history of radio and record companies is firmly interwoven with the efforts of the Japanese state to manipulate people during the war years. The contribution from artists must also be considered an important part of this mosaic.
The Impact of the Anti-ChinesePáihuáPolicy in Vietnam after Reunification: the Refugees’ Perspective
Authors: Vuong Martina
Published: December 2018

In 1978–1979 the news reporting on the Vietnamese boat people attracted attention from the whole world. Not only the media but also scientific researchers were interested in these mass refugees. However, this phenomenon has been detached from its context and perceived as a self-contained event on many occasions. Furthermore, most people were not aware of the fact that the main body of these refugees were ethnic Chinese, known as the Hoa. The study presented in this paper takes this as its starting point and focuses on the question of the motivations of the Hoa in leaving North Vietnam. It takes the historical, internal and foreign political context into consideration and identifies a political atmosphere extremely hostile to the ethnic Chinese.Thepáihuápolicy drove them to leave behind what they had built up and led to the mass exodus of 1978–1979, but also gave the Hoa hope for a new and better life for themselves and especially for their future descendants outside of Vietnam.
Peramalan Harga Bitcoin Menggunakan Metode ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average)
Authors: Salwa Nany , Tatsara Nidya , Amalia Ridha , Zohra Aja Fatimah
Published: December 2018

ABSTRAK. Bitcoin merupakan mata uang virtual yang saat ini banyak diminati sebagai alternatif investasi. Metode ARIMA adalah salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk peramalan data deret waktu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat model dan meramalkan harga bitcoin.  Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yaitu berupa data harga bitcoin selama 60 periode mulai dari tanggal 10 Januari 2018 sampai dengan 10 Maret 2018 untuk memprediksikan harga bitcoinselama 30 periode kedepan mulai tanggal 11 Maret 2018 sampai dengan 09 April 2018. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa data harga bitcoin selama 60 periode tidak memenuhi asumsi stasioneritas terhadap rata-rata untuk itu dilakukan proses differencing tingkat 2 agar data menjadi stasioner. Model ARIMA yang dihasilkan adalah ARIMA(0,2,1) yaitu  Zt = μ - 0,9647Zt-1 + at dan model tersebut cocok digunakan untuk peramalan data harga bitcoin. Hasil peramalan dengan menggunakan model ARIMA(0,2,1) menunjukkan bahwa harga bitcoin untuk 30 periode kedepannya mengalami penurunan secara perlahan dan hasil peramalan mendekati data sebenarnya. ABSTRACT. Bitcoin is a virtual currency that is currently much interested as an alternative investment. ARIMA method is one of the methods used for forecasting time series data. The purpose of this research is to create a model and predicted the price of the bitcoin.  The data used are secondary data that is in the form of price bitcoin during 60 periods starting from January 10, 2018 up to 10 March 2018 to predict price bitcoin for 30 the next periods began March 11 and ended on 9 April 2018 2018. Based on the results of the study showed that the price of bitcoin during 60 periods did not fullfiled the assumptions of stasioneritas towards the mean. Therefore using the differencing level 2 process, so the data becomes stationary. The result of ARIMA model is ARIMA(0, 2, 1) Zt = μ - 0,9647Zt-1 + at and the model fits the data used for forecasting price bitcoin. The results of the forecasting model using ARIMA (0, 2, 1) shows that the price of the bitcoin for 30 periods has decreased gradually and forecasting results close to the actual data.
An Application of Time Series ARIMA Forecasting Model for Predicting the Ringgit Malaysia-Dollar Exchange Rate
Authors: Hatta Hanisah Hanun Muhamad , Daud Faezzah Mohd , Mohamad Norsyafiqah
Published: December 2018

ABSTRAK. Model ARIMA yang dilambangkan sebagai ARIMA (p, d, q), pada dasarnya dari Auto Regression Moving Average (ARMA) dengan proses differencing. Objek utama untuk melakukan proses ARIMA adalah memprediksi kinerja masa depan data tertentu, dengan melakukan differencing terhadap data yang jelas atau saat ini. Prediksi dihitung untuk memiliki data yang lebih baik untuk time series berikutnya. Agar memiliki data yang baik dan sempurna, ubah data non-stasioner menjadi data stasioner. Adalah mungkin untuk memiliki lebih dari satu kali proses pembedaan untuk menciptakan model ARIMA terbaik. Tulisan ini untuk menunjukkan salah satu aplikasi time series ARIMA melalui nilai tukar ringgit Malaysia terhadap dollar. Data sebelumnya yang diambil dari data sekunder adalah dari Januari 2015 hingga Desember 2017 dengan data yang disediakan setiap minggu, yang merupakan data yang dikumpulkan setiap hari Jumat. Jadi jumlah data atau observasi selama tiga tahun adalah 161. Oleh karena itu, kita bisa melakukan prediksi berdasarkan data tersebut. ABSTRACT. Time series Auto regression Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model, that denoted as ARIMA (p, d, q), is basically from Auto regression Moving Average (ARMA) with differencing process. The main object to do ARIMA process is to predict the future performance of certain data, by doing the differencing towards the obvious or current data. The prediction is calculated to have the better data for the next time series. In order to have a good and perfect data, transform the non-stationary data to stationary one. It is possible to have more than one time differencing process to create the best ARIMA model. This writing is to show one of the applications of time series ARIMA through the exchange rate of ringgit Malaysia to dollar. The previous data that was taken from the secondary data is from January 2015 to December 2017 with the data provided weekly, which is the data was collected on every Friday. So the number of data or observations for three years is 161. Hence, we can do the prediction based on the data.
Representasi Perempuan dalam Aplikasi Bigo Live Streaming
Authors: Hariwidiaswari Rella Swandari , Ritonga Syafruddin
Published: December 2018

Penelitian ini membahas representasi perempuan dalam mencapai kepuasan material dengan menggunakan aplikasi BIGO Live Streaming untuk mendapatkan gifts yang diberikan oleh sebagian penonton (spender) selama siaran dilakukan. Berbagai upaya dilakukan para penyiar perempuan untuk mendapatkan perhatian dari para spender dan dengan mudahnya memberikan gifts berupa beans yang dapat diuangkan dalam rupiah. Selain gifts yang dapat diuangkan, BIGO Live Streaming juga memberikan bonus-bonus rupiah kepada para penyiar dengan rating penonton dan juga pendapatan yang tertinggi setiap bulannya. Penelitian ini fokus pada pemegang akun, yakni penyiar perempuan berwajah cantik, memiliki tubuh yang seksi dan mengeksploitasinya demi popularitas, mengejar gaya hidup, mendapat keuntungan material, hingga keuntungan mendapatkan jaringan pertemanan yang luas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif-kualitatif dengan teori representasi pada perempuan dan konsep komoditas perempuan dalam media baru. Aplikasi BIGO Live Streaming saat ini cenderung merepresentasikan perempuan menjadikan tubuhnya sebuah komoditas tontonan yang menghibur demi mendapatkan keuntungan-keuntungan tertentu. Namun, dalam perkembangannya ternyata terjadi praktik bisnis dengan keuntungan material yang besar dalam industri media baru tersebut.
Konvergensi Konten Majalah Popular dalam Industri Digital Media Cetak
Authors: Putri Citra Eka , Hamzah Radja Erland
Published: December 2018

Perkembangan tekonologi komunikasi saat ini yang bertumbuh pesat, berpengaruh pada industri media cetak. Sejumlah media cetak di Indonesia mulai tutup karena tidak mampu bersaing dengan media digital lainnya, sehingga pengelola media cetak melakukan berbagai upaya untuk mempertahankan eksistensi medianya dengan melakukan convergensi, dan menyiapkan media berbasis digital, salah satunya Majalah pria dewasa “Popular”. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui upaya yang dilakukan oleh majalah Popular dalam mempertahankan hidupnya sebagai jawaban atas perkembangan tekhnologi industri informasi media. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan, majalah Popular menempuh model konvergensi Content dan tampil di berbagai platform sosial dengan satu tujuan: mempertahakan eksistensi keberadaan majalah Populer dalam industri Media Massa.
Keterbukaan Informasi Publik pada Konsil Kedokteran Indonesia
Authors: Ganiem Leila Mona
Published: December 2018

Transparansi terhadap informasi adalah salah satu pelaksanaan demokrasi suatu negara. Melalui keterbukaan informasi, publik memperoleh kesempatan untuk menikmati hasil kemajuan negara dan berpartisipasi untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2018 tentang Keterbukaan Informasi Publik (KIP) mengamanahkan agar badan publik yang berkaitan dengan penyelenggaraan negara membuka informasi yang berkaitan dengan kepentingan publik. Salah satunya Konsil Kedokteran Indonesia (KKI). Beberapa tantangan terhadap akses informasi publik yang dihadapi oleh Komisi Informasi sedunia dirasakan oleh sejumlah lembaga di dunia, termasuk masalah keamanan data yang merupakan salah satu kejahatan besar di Indonesia.  Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana KKI mengelola keterbukaan informasi publik dan upaya apa saja yang dilakukan oleh KKI dalam menjaga keamanan data KKI. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data secara primer dengan interview dan sekunder dengan kajian dokumen, teks, hasil presentasi, regulasi terkait. Hasilnya, bentuk keterbukaan informasi publik dari KKI dilakukan secara hati-hati meliputi Informasi Publik Berkala, Informasi Publik Serta Merta, Informasi Publik Setiap Saat, Informasi Publik Kecuali (ketat terbatas dan rahasia). Upaya menjaga keamanan informasi KKI dilakukan dengan cara: mengacu pada pasal 27, Perkonsil No 18 Tahun 2014 Tentang Sistem Informasi Registrasi Dokter dan Dokter Gigi Berbasis Elektronik; penggunaan sistem registrasi internal yang dimiliki dan dioperasikan sendiri; memperoleh ISO 9001:2008 yaitu Sistem Manajemen Mutu dan Budaya Organisasi Pelayanan Publik; Berikutnya, KKI juga menerapkan penomoran yang unik bekerja sama dengan Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara terkait pemanfaatan sertifikat elektronik pada sistem elektronik di KKI.