bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Argentinian Children's Literature and Independent Publishing Houses: Emerging Forms in the Re-editions of María Teresa Andruetto's Poems
Authors: Rodríguez Natalia , Malacarne Rocío
Published: January 2024

This article addresses the relationship between children's literature and the ecosystem of independent publishing houses in Argentina. The first part of the article focuses on describing the editorial operations carried out by independent Argentinian publishers and, by virtue of the examination of their editorial practices, it is argued that their interventions (i.e., their re-editings of literary works) seek to introduce both textual and material innovations to Argentina's editorial landscape. It is also argued that the emergence of these editorial practices manages to resignify literary textualities and book materialities, as well as reading practices. The second half of the article offers an analysis of two works by María Teresa Andruetto that have been re-edited by independent presses in Argentina: Peras and Poesía a la carta. Both re-editions are analysed in view of their editorial kinship to their corresponding collections and catalogues. The analysis of these works (re-edited in picturebook and playbook formats, respectively) illuminates and acknowledges the existence of editorial gestures that, in their mediations/modulations of the canon, strive to challenge age boundaries and intended readerships, as well as conventions on literary genres and their materialities. Ultimately, these features profile the re-editions of Peras and Poesía a la carta as disruptive literary artefacts, insofar as they manage to challenge aesthetic and editorial orthodoxies.
THE APPLICATION OF SKIMMING TECHNIQUES IN THE READING TEST TOEFL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY STUDENTS
Authors: Noerdjanah Noerdjanah , Sugiono Sugiono , Triyana Triyana , Khomarun Khomarun
Published: January 2024

This study analyzes the application of the skimming technique in the TOEFL reading test ability of Occupational Therapy Department students of the Surakarta Polytechnic of Health. The research method used is a quantitative experimental research method with One group Pre and Post Test Design to know the proper technique used in the TOEFL reading test. The sample in this study was 94 fourth-semester Occupational Therapy students from two classes with sampling carried out using a census or saturated sample. The TOEFL reading test consists of 50 numbers because the number of questions is by the standard questions on the TOEFL. Test result can be stated that there is a difference between the values of Reading Test TOEFLfor the pretest and post-test, so it was concluded that there was an effect of using the skimming method on scores Reading Test TOEFL in students of the Department of Occupational Therapy, Surakarta Polytechnic, Academic Year 2023.
PENGEMBANGAN FORMULASI EMULGEL FRAKSI n-HEKSAN DAUN MIANA (Coleus scutellarioides) SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI TERHADAP Propionibacterium acnes PENYEBAB JERAWAT (Acne vulgaris)
Authors: Auliah Nielma , Bachri Nurjannah , SR Muhammad Asri , Nurfatma Nurfatma
Published: January 2024

Acne (Acne vulgaris) is a condition where the skin experiences inflammation in the polysebaceous unit which is triggered by Propionibacterium acnes. Miana leaves (Coleus scutellarioides) contain alkaloid and terpenoid compounds which can act as antibacterials. This research aims to determine whether the n-hexane fraction of Miana leaves (C. scutellarioides) can be formulated in the form of a physically and chemically stable emulgel preparation, to determine whether the n-hexane fraction of Miana leaves (C. scutellarioides) has activity against P. acnes. as a cause of acne (A. vulgaris) and to determine the formula with an effective concentration in inhibiting the growth of P. acnes. This research is a form of laboratory experimentation. The n-Hexane fraction of miana leaves was obtained by fractionation. Antibacterial activity testing was carried out using the well method. The results obtained were physically and chemically stable emulgel formulas, namely F0 and F1. The inhibition zone of F1 is 16.46 mm (strong), F2 is 14.40 mm (strong), F3 is 16.78 mm (strong) and F0 has no antibacterial activity. The formula with a concentration of 12.5% was the most effective in inhibiting the growth of P. acnes, namely 16.78 mm. From the results of this research, it was found that the n-Hexane fraction of Miana leaves (C. scutellarioides) has strong antibacterial activity against P. acnes and can be formulated in the form of an emulgel dosage form.
Development of Conceptual Understanding Student Tests to The Basic Physics Subject: a Rasch Model Analysis
Authors: Riza Andriani  , Widya  , Nurul Fadieny  , Muttakin  , Permana Niki Dian
Published: January 2024

The use of tests with unknown reliability and validity to measure student achievement was still widely practiced. This study examined the quality tests of conceptual understanding for college students in the basic concept of physics subject. This research was an R&D that used the 4D model. The test consisted of 2 types, namely multiple-choice and true-false tests, which were equipped with reasons. Development stages: 1) defined test grids; 2) designed tests; 3) developed tests; 4) expert validated of the content and construct; and 5) tested the validity, reliability, and level of difficulty. Analysis used the Rasch model assisted by Winstep software. The test results show that 18 multiple-choice and 17 true-false items fit the Rasch model in a range outfit MNSQ of 0.7-1.33 and ZSTD of -0,7-1,9. The reliability test is based on consistency in the range of 0.8-0.91 with good and excellent categories. The difficulty level shows three categories easy, difficult, and very difficult. And based on the results, 15 items are selected for each type of test. This selection is made by considering the similarity of competency outcomes measured by each test item. Both tests can be used for broader data collection to determine the best tests that represent students' conceptual understanding.
Application The Quantum Learning Method Using Simulation Media with The TANDUR Strategy to Improve Student Learning Outcomes
Authors: SETIAWAN TULUS
Published: January 2024

Quantum Learning was a method that was capable of sharpening understanding and the ability to think actively and creatively of students in the learning process. In this study, we tried to implement the quantum learning method as described above, which had been shown to improve learning outcomes in various subjects across various levels, with the help of simulation media, optimized with the TANDUR strategy. This study aimed to determine whether there was a significant difference in students' learning outcomes improvement by applying the Quantum Learning method using simulation media with the TANDUR strategy and by applying conventional learning methods at SMP N 3 Bengkulu City. This research was a quasi-experimental design. The population in this study was students of class VIII SMP Negeri 3 Bengkulu City. The selection of the research sample used the Random Sampling technique, which consisted of 38 students in class VIII.2 as the experimental class and 38 students in class VIII.3 as the control class. The data collection technique used the learning achievement test instrument on the concept of light and student response questionnaires. Data analysis used two independent samples t-test. The results showed that the average post-test score of the experimental class differed significantly from the average post-test score of the control class with tcount 4.032 > ttable 1.992 at a significance level of 95%. Based on the results of the study, it could be concluded that: 1) there were differences in improving student learning outcomes between classes taught by applying the Quantum Learning method and classes with conventional learning at SMP N 3 Bengkulu City; 2) there was a good response from students with an average of 82% towards the application of the Quantum Learning method using simulation media with the TANDUR strategy.
Increasing Student Interest and Learning Outcomes Through the Discovery Learning Model on Subject Human Respiratory System
Authors: Dewi Saputri Kurnia , Ambar Puspitasari Kristanti
Published: January 2024

This study aims to determine the increase in students' interest and achievement of learning outcomes through the Discovery Learning model in science subjects on the material of the Human Respiratory System. The background of this study is the lack of student interest in participating in learning and the suboptimal achievement of student learning outcomes. This is indicated by the achievement of student learning outcomes that still do not meet the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM). This research uses the type of Classroom Action Research (PTK) which is carried out in 2 cycles. Each cycle is described in four stages, namely planning; implementation; observation; and ends with reflection. The research design used the Kemmis & Mc Taggart model. This research was conducted in the even semester of the 2022/2023 school year, namely in May 2023 with a research sample of 30 students. the data collection method used was observation to measure student interest in learning and evaluation tests used to measure student learning outcomes. This study used data analysis techniques in the form of quantitative and qualitative descriptive techniques. The results showed an increase in student interest in learning from 68.33% in cycle I to 84.99% in cycle II. The achievement of student learning outcomes measured through tests also increased, from 36.67% in cycle I to 56.67% in cycle II. Thus, the application of the Discovery Learning model learning model in the subject of Human Respiratory System can increase the interest and achievement of learning learning outcomes of students in class VIII A SMP Muhammadiyah Sewon.
Utilization Of Gimkit For Online Game Mode Chemistry Formative Assessment
Authors: Rohimat Sonny
Published: January 2024

One of the principles of merdeka curriculum is meaningful and enjoyable learning that is designed according to students' needs. The application of these principles can be carried out at various stages of learning, including during formative assessments. The aim of this research is to analyze the use of Gimkit for formative assessment for students on the topic of colligative properties of solutions. The research was conducted in a descriptive qualitative manner with three stages of activities, namely preparation, implementation and reflection. Based on the reflection results, it is known that the use of Gimkit for formative assessment of the colligative properties of solutions was stated as good or very good by 95.8% of students. This is reinforced by the results of observations that students took part in the formative assessment with enthusiasm.
Kewargaan digital dalam membentuk nasionalisme mahasiswa di era digital
Authors: Matang Matang , Riyanti Dwi
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan antara kewarganegaraan digital dan nasionalisme di kalangan mahasiswa di era digital. Menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi partisipatif. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kewarganegaraan digital dapat membentuk nasionalisme di kalangan mahasiswa dengan cara yang positif. Mahasiswa yang memiliki identitas digital yang kuat, partisipasi online yang aktif, dan tanggung jawab digital yang tinggi cenderung memiliki kesadaran yang lebih tinggi terhadap nilai-nilai nasionalisme dan merasa lebih terlibat dalam memperjuangkan kepentingan negara. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan digital dan keterampilan sosial dapat ditingkatkan untuk meningkatkan nasionalisme di era digital. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan baru tentang hubungan antara kewarganegaraan digital dan nasionalisme dan memberikan masukan bagi pengembangan pendidikan kewarganegaraan yang lebih baik di era digital.
Rosa Maria Egipcíaca no sambódromo
Authors: Alcântara Aragão Wagner de
Published: January 2024

Trata-se de uma resenha crítica do desfile da escola de samba Unidos do Viradouro, do grupo especial do Carnaval do Rio de Janeiro. A apresentação ocorreu na madrugada de 21 de fevereiro de 2023, e encerrou os desfiles desse ano. O desfile foi acompanhado in loco, do setor do sambódromo próximo à Praça da Apoteose.
A phase 1 trial of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) vaccination combined with therapeutic strategies to control immune-suppressor mechanisms
Authors: Zareian Nahid , Eremin Oleg , Pandha Hardev , Baird Richard , Kwatra Vineet , Funingana Gabriel , Verma Chandan , Choy Desmond , Hargreaves Steven , Moghimi Pejvak , Shepherd Adrian , Lobo Dileep N. , Eremin Jennifer , Farzaneh Farzin , Kordasti Shahram , Spicer James
Published: January 2024

The presence of inhibitory immune cells and difficulty in generating activated effector T cells remain obstacles to development of effective cancer vaccines. We designed a vaccine regimen combining human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) peptides with concomitant therapies targeting regulatory T cells (Tregs) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2)-mediated immunosuppression. This Phase 1 trial combined an hTERT-derived 7-peptide library, selected to ensure presentation by both HLA class-I and class-II in 90% of patients, with oral low-dose cyclophosphamide (to modulate Tregs) and the COX2 inhibitor celecoxib. Adjuvants were Montanide and topical TLR-7 agonist, to optimise antigen presentation. The primary objective was determination of the safety and tolerability of this combination therapy, with anti-cancer activity, immune response and detection of antigen-specific T cells as additional endpoints. Twenty-nine patients with advanced solid tumours were treated. All were multiply-pretreated, and the majority had either colorectal or prostate cancer. The most common adverse events were injection-site reactions, fatigue and nausea. Median progression-free survival was 9 weeks, with no complete or partial responses, but 24% remained progression-free for ≥6 months. Immunophenotyping showed post-vaccination expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with effector phenotypes. The in vitro re-challenge of T cells with hTERT peptides, TCR sequencing, and TCR similarity index analysis demonstrated the expansion following vaccination of oligoclonal T cells with specificity for hTERT. However, a population of exhausted PD-1+ cytotoxic T cells was also expanded in vaccinated patients. This vaccine combination regimen was safe and associated with antigen-specific immunological responses. Clinical activity could be improved in future by combination with anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibition to address the emergence of an exhausted T cell population.
Generative data augmentation and automated optimization of convolutional neural networks for process monitoring
Authors: Schiemer Robin , Rüdt Matthias , Hubbuch Jürgen
Published: January 2024

Chemometric modeling for spectral data is considered a key technology in biopharmaceutical processing to realize real-time process control and release testing. Machine learning (ML) models have been shown to increase the accuracy of various spectral regression and classification tasks, remove challenging preprocessing steps for spectral data, and promise to improve the transferability of models when compared to commonly applied, linear methods. The training and optimization of ML models require large data sets which are not available in the context of biopharmaceutical processing. Generative methods to extend data sets with realistic in silico samples, so-called data augmentation, may provide the means to alleviate this challenge. In this study, we develop and implement a novel data augmentation method for generating in silico spectral data based on local estimation of pure component profiles for training convolutional neural network (CNN) models using four data sets. We simultaneously tune hyperparameters associated with data augmentation and the neural network architecture using Bayesian optimization. Finally, we compare the optimized CNN models with partial least-squares regression models (PLS) in terms of accuracy, robustness, and interpretability. The proposed data augmentation method is shown to produce highly realistic spectral data by adapting the estimates of the pure component profiles to the sampled concentration regimes. Augmenting CNNs with the in silico spectral data is shown to improve the prediction accuracy for the quantification of monoclonal antibody (mAb) size variants by up to 50% in comparison to single-response PLS models. Bayesian structure optimization suggests that multiple convolutional blocks are beneficial for model accuracy and enable transfer across different data sets. Model-agnostic feature importance methods and synthetic noise perturbation are used to directly compare the optimized CNNs with PLS models. This enables the identification of wavelength regions critical for model performance and suggests increased robustness against Gaussian white noise and wavelength shifts of the CNNs compared to the PLS models.
First-trimester urinary extracellular vesicles as predictors of preterm birth: an insight into immune programming
Authors: Huang Jian-Pei , Lin Chia-Hsueh , Tseng Chih-Wen , Chien Ming-Hui , Lee Hung-Chang , Yang Kuender D.
Published: January 2024

Background: The programming of innate and adaptive immunity plays a pivotal role in determining the course of pregnancy, leading to either normal term birth (TB) or preterm birth (PB) through the modulation of macrophage (M1/M2) differentiation. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in maternal blood, harboring a repertoire of physiological and pathological messengers, are integral players in pregnancy outcomes. It is unknown whether urinary EVs (UEVs) could serve as a non-invasive mechanistic biomarker for predicting PB.

Methods: This study investigated first-trimester UEVs carrying M1 messengers with altered immune programming, aiming to discern their correlation to subsequent PB. A birth cohort comprising 501 pregnant women, with 40 women experiencing PB matched to 40 women experiencing TB on the same day, was examined. First-trimester UEVs were isolated for the quantification of immune mediators. Additionally, we evaluated the UEV modulation of “trained immunity” on macrophage and lymphocyte differentiations, including mRNA expression profiles, and chromatin activation modification at histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3).

Results: We found a significant elevation (p < 0.05) in the particles of UEVs bearing characteristic exosome markers (CD9/CD63/CD81/syntenin) during the first trimester of pregnancy compared to non-pregnant samples. Furthermore, UEVs from PB demonstrated significantly heightened levels of MCP-1 (p = 0.003), IL-6 (p = 0.041), IL-17A (p = 0.007), IP-10 (p = 0.036), TNFα (p = 0.004), IL-12 (p = 0.045), and IFNγ (p = 0.030) relative to those from TB, indicative of altered M1 and Th17 differentiation. Notably, MCP-1 (>174 pg/mL) exhibited a sensitivity of 71.9% and specificity of 64.6%, and MCP-1 (>174 pg/mL) and IFNγ (>8.7 pg/mL) provided a higher sensitivity (84.6%) of predicting PB and moderate specificity of 66.7%. Subsequent investigations showed that UEVs from TB exerted a significant suppression of M1 differentiation (iNOS expression) and Th17 differentiation (RORrT expression) compared to those of PB. Conversely, UEVs derived from PB induced a significantly higher expression of chromatin modification at H3K4me3 with higher production of IL-8 and TNFα cytokines (p < 0.001).

Implications: This pioneering study provides critical evidence for the early detection of altered M1 and Th17 responses within UEVs as a predictor of PB and early modulation of altered M1 and Th17 polarization associated with better T-cell regulatory differentiation as a potential prevention of subsequent PB.
Epigenetic regulation in adult neural stem cells
Authors: Shi Jiajia , Wang Zilin , Wang Zhijun , Shao Guofeng , Li Xiajun
Published: January 2024

Neural stem cells (NSCs) exhibit self-renewing and multipotential properties. Adult NSCs are located in two neurogenic regions of adult brain: the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) of the lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. Maintenance and differentiation of adult NSCs are regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic signals that may be integrated through expression of some key factors in the adult NSCs. A number of transcription factors have been shown to play essential roles in transcriptional regulation of NSC cell fate transitions in the adult brain. Epigenetic regulators have also emerged as key players in regulation of NSCs, neural progenitor cells and their differentiated progeny via epigenetic modifications including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling and RNA-mediated transcriptional regulation. This minireview is primarily focused on epigenetic regulations of adult NSCs during adult neurogenesis, in conjunction with transcriptional regulation in these processes.
Menstrual disorders following COVID-19 vaccination: a review using a systematic search
Authors: Smaardijk Veerle R. , Jajou Rana , Kant Agnes , van Hunsel Florence P. A. M.
Published: January 2024

Introduction:Menstrual disorders are commonly reported after COVID-19 vaccination and heavy menstrual bleeding was added to the product information of the COVID-19 vaccines of Moderna and Pfizer. The aim of this review, using a systematic search, is to provide an overview of available literature on the risk of menstrual disorders after COVID-19 vaccination.

Methods: The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A PubMed search was performed on 15 August 2023, including solely quantitative studies in English and Dutch.

Results: A total of 61 studies were included, of which 40 were cross-sectional studies, 18 cohort studies, and three self-controlled case series. Outcomes included a wide variety of menstrual disorders, including changes in cycle length (n = 54), changes in the amount of bleeding (n = 44), changes in menses length (n = 30), changes in the experience of (pre)menstrual pain (n = 21), and breakthrough bleeding (n = 18). All included studies found a higher percentage of at least one menstrual disorder in the first cycle after different types of COVID-19 vaccination and after different doses.

Discussion: In conclusion, evidence suggests that COVID-19 vaccines may cause menstrual changes in women of reproductive age. However, there is a need for more longitudinal studies because of important limitations in the study designs of many of the included studies. Although menstrual changes are short-lived and predominantly mild, it is important for women and healthcare professionals to be informed about these potential adverse reactions and to assess these events in clinical trials on vaccines.
Formation mechanism of the upper Paleozoic tight sandstone gas reservoir in the Daniudi gas field, Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Song Fan , Kong Qingyuan , Su Nina , Jiao Guohua , Xu Miaomiao
Published: January 2024

The upper Paleozoic gas reservoir in the Daniudi gas field, Ordos Basin, is one of the typical tight sandstone gas reservoirs in China. Research into the sequential order of reservoir densification and gas accumulation is the key to revealing the formation mechanism of tight sandstone gas reservoirs. However, this scientific issue is still a subject of debate in the Daniudi gas field. Based on a series of reservoir experiments and in combination with stratigraphic burial and thermal maturity history, a comprehensive study is conducted on the formation and natural gas accumulation processes of the upper Paleozoic sandstone reservoir in the Daniudi gas field. Study results indicate that the main causes of sandstone reservoir densification of the study area include long-term compaction, multistage quartz cementation and carbonate cementation. In accordance with the time order of reservoir densification and gas accumulation, the formation of tight gas reservoirs can be divided into two types: self-sourced and near-source accumulations. In the former, before sandstone reservoir densification occurs, low-maturity natural gas generated from coal rocks and dark mudstones enter the reservoir quickly, migrate towards structural highs as driven by buoyancy, and then accumulate and form gas reservoir in favourable lithologic traps. In the latter, after tight sandstone reservoirs are formed, high-maturity gas migrates along fractures formed in the Late Cretaceous and accumulate in the nearby reservoir with micro-fractures. The study results provide a new understanding of the formation process of tight sandstone gas reservoirs and provides a reference for the exploration and development of the same type gas reservoirs.
Observational and genetic analyses clarify the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and gallstone disease
Authors: Yan Peijing , Zhang Li , Yang Chao , Zhang Wenqiang , Wang Yutong , Zhang Min , Cui Huijie , Tang Mingshuang , Chen Lin , Wu Xueyao , Zhao Xunying , Zou Yanqiu , Xiao Jinyu , Liu Yunjie , Xiao Chenghan , Yang Yanfang , Zhang Ling , Yao Yuqin , Li Jiayuan , Liu Zhenmi , Yang Chunxia , Jiang Xia , Zhang Ben
Published: January 2024

Background

The relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and gallstone disease (GSD) have been incompletely understood. We aimed to investigate their phenotypic and genetic associations and evaluate the biological mechanisms underlying these associations.

Methods

We first evaluated the phenotypic association between T2DM and GSD using data from the UK Biobank (n>450,000) using a prospective observational design. We then conducted genetic analyses using summary statistics from a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of T2DM, with and without adjusting for body mass index (BMI) (Ncase=74,124, Ncontrol=824,006; T2DMadjBMI: Ncase=50,409, Ncontrol=523,897) and GSD (Ncase=43,639, Ncontrol=506,798).

Results

A unidirectional phenotypic association was observed, where individuals with T2DM exhibited a higher GSD risk (hazard ratio (HR)=1.39, P<0.001), but not in the reverse direction (GSD→T2DM: HR=1.00, P=0.912). The positive T2DM-GSD genetic correlation (rg=0.35, P=7.71×10-23) remained even after adjusting for BMI (T2DMadjBMI: rg=0.22, P=4.48×10-10). Mendelian randomization analyses provided evidence of a unidirectional causal relationship (T2DM→GSD: odds ratio (OR)=1.08, P=4.6×10-8; GSD→T2DM: OR=1.02, P=0.48), even after adjusting for important metabolic confounders (OR=1.02, P=0.02). This association was further corroborated through a comprehensive functional analysis reflected by 23 pleiotropic single nucleotide polymorphisms, as well as multiple neural and motor-enriched tissues.

Conclusion

Through comprehensive observational and genetic analyses, our study clarified the causal relationship between T2DM and GSD, but not in the reverse direction. These findings might provide new insights into prevention and treatment strategies for T2DM and GSD.
Optimal scheduling of an electric–hydrogen-integrated energy system considering virtual energy storage
Authors: Zhang Bolin , Shao Chong , Li Chunhua , Guo Tingzhe , Lei Aihu , Guan Xinyu , Zu Longyu
Published: January 2024

In this paper, a two-layer optimization approach is proposed to facilitate the multi-energy complementarity and coupling and optimize the system configuration in an electric-hydrogen-integrated energy system (EH-IES). Firstly, an EH-IES with virtual energy storage is proposed to reduce the cost of physical energy storage equipment. Secondly, a two-layer optimal allocation method is proposed under a multi-timescale strategy to examine the comprehensive evaluation index of environmental protection and economy. The upper layer utilizes the NSGA-II multi-objective optimization method for system capacity allocation, while the lower layer performs economic dispatch at the lowest cost. Ultimately, the output includes the results of the equipment capacity allocation of the EH-IES that satisfies the reliability constraint interval and the daily scheduling results of the equipment. The results demonstrate that the electric-hydrogen-integrated energy system with the coupling of multiple energy equipment not only enhances the utilization of renewable energy sources but also reduces the usage of fossil energy and improves the system’s reliability.
Anionic azo dyes and their removal from textile wastewater through adsorption by various adsorbents: a critical review
Authors: Strebel Annika , Behringer Martin , Hilbig Harald , Machner Alisa , Helmreich Brigitte
Published: January 2024

The review aimed to identify differences and similarities in the adsorption process of five azo dyes [congo red (CR), reactive black 5 (RB5), methyl orange (MO), orange II (OII), and methyl red (MR)] on natural materials, biosorbents, industrial and agricultural waste, or biomass, which are alternatives of costly activated carbon and are locally available. The azo dyes were characterized and compared based on their molecular structure and weight, water solubility, acid dissociation constant, n-octanol-water partition coefficient, and maximum absorbance. RB5 and CR are diazo dyes, whereas MO, OII, and MR are mono-azo dyes. MO, OII, and MR are anionic acid dyes, RB5 is an anionic reactive dye, and CR is an anionic direct dye. CR, RB5, MR, and OII molecules contain one or more sulfonate functional group(s), but MR does not. We performed a literature review based on the following parameters: initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH, temperature, isotherm, kinetic models, thermodynamic parameters, and synergetic or competitive interactions. The azo dyes tended to adsorb best in an acidic medium and at higher temperatures. The initial dye concentration and adsorbent dosage studies indicated the importance of using an appropriate amount of adsorbent dosage for an effective removal. The studies tended to follow the Langmuir isotherm and kinetic pseudo-second-order model. Most adsorption processes were endothermic and spontaneous, leading to an increase in randomness at the solid-liquid interface. These results indicate similarities between the adsorption process of the five azo dyes. Relevant adsorption mechanisms in azo dye adsorption processes were assumed to be electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding, and π–π interactions, among others. Nevertheless, the focus of the studies lies more on the development and characterization of adsorbent materials, not on the study of influences from the matrix “industrial wastewater”. Therefore, more research is needed to develop adsorption units for application in textile industries.
Drought-related root morphological traits and non-structural carbohydrates in the seedlings of the alien Quercus rubra and the native Quercus robur: possible implication for invasiveness
Authors: Di Iorio Antonino , Caspani Anna Claudia , Beatrice Peter , Montagnoli Antonio
Published: January 2024

Quercus rubra L. is a moderately shade-tolerant tree species native to eastern North America, readily regenerating since its introduction in the Central and Southern European forests to displace the native pedunculate oak (Quercus robur). Under a scenario of increasing drought, understanding the seedling responses of these two species to water limitation is critical for forest conservation and management. To this aim, morphological, physiological and non-structural carbohydrates analyzes were performed on very-fine and fine roots of Q. robur and Q. rubra seedlings grown under controlled conditions and exposed to two levels of drought before allowing them to recover. Results show significant differences between species for all the investigated traits. The alien Q. rubra showed lower shoot and root biomasses than the native Q. robur, particularly for the thicker fine root 1–2 mm diameter class. However, both species equally invested more biomass in the shoot than the root system (R:S ratio <1). A significant response to drought was observed for the 0.5–1 mm fine root class, with moderate and severe droughted seedlings showing slightly higher biomass than control, particularly in Q. rubra. The overall growth reduction of Q. rubra suggests that the costs associated with the construction and maintenance outweigh the inputs from aboveground, as supported by the lower values of photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), quantum yield (ΦPSII) of PSII and stomatal conductance. In particular, the reduced stomatal conductance assured high midday leaf water potential (i.e., tissue hydration levels) at the expense of growth. The low starch concentration in Q. rubra’s very-fine roots correlated positively with the low photochemical efficiency under drought conditions, probably due to the reduction of photosynthate inputs from aboveground. In contrast to the anisohydric behavior reported, these outcomes highlight a rather isohydric behavior for Q. rubra, at least at the seedling stage and in the adopted experimental conditions, making this species highly competitive under the drier condition in the canopy openings during the summer period.
Specific T-cell subsets have a role in anti-viral immunity and pathogenesis but not viral dynamics or onwards vector transmission of an important livestock arbovirus
Authors: Newbrook Kerry , Khan Nakibul , Fisher Aimee , Chong Karen , Gubbins Simon , Davies William C. , Sanders Christopher , Busquets Marc Guimerà , Cooke Lyndsay , Corla Amanda , Ashby Martin , Flannery John , Batten Carrie , Stokes Jessica E. , Sanz-Bernardo Beatriz , Carpenter Simon , Moffat Katy , Darpel Karin E.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an arthropod-borne Orbivirus that is almost solely transmitted by Culicoides biting midges and causes a globally important haemorrhagic disease, bluetongue (BT), in susceptible ruminants. Infection with BTV is characterised by immunosuppression and substantial lymphopenia at peak viraemia in the host.

Methods

In this study, the role of cell-mediated immunity and specific T-cell subsets in BTV pathogenesis, clinical outcome, viral dynamics, immune protection, and onwards transmission to a susceptible Culicoides vector is defined in unprecedented detail for the first time, using an in vivo arboviral infection model system that closely mirrors natural infection and transmission of BTV. Individual circulating CD4+, CD8+, or WC1+ γδ T-cell subsets in sheep were depleted through the administration of specific monoclonal antibodies.

Results

The absence of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells was consistently associated with less severe clinical signs of BT, whilst the absence of CD4+ and WC1+ γδ T cells both resulted in an increased clinical severity. The absence of CD4+ T cells also impaired both a timely protective neutralising antibody response and the production of IgG antibodies targeting BTV non-structural protein, NS2, highlighting that the CD4+ T-cell subset is important for a timely protective immune response. T cells did not influence viral replication characteristics, including onset/dynamics of viraemia, shedding, or onwards transmission of BTV to Culicoides. We also highlight differences in T-cell dependency for the generation of immunoglobulin subclasses targeting BTV NS2 and the structural protein, VP7.

Discussion

This study identifies a diverse repertoire of T-cell functions during BTV infection in sheep, particularly in inducing specific anti-viral immune responses and disease manifestation, and will support more effective vaccination strategies.
An assessment of the effect of surface topography on coefficient of friction for lubricated non-conformal contacts
Authors: Prajapati Deepak K. , Hansen Jonny , Björling Marcus
Published: January 2024

Determining an accurate state of lubrication is of utmost importance for the precise functionality of machine elements and to achieve elongated life and durability. In this work, a homogenized mixed-lubrication model is developed to study the effect of surface topographies on the coefficient of friction. Various measured real surface topographies are integrated in the model using the roughness homogenization method. The shear-thinning behavior of the lubricant is incorporated by employing the Eyring constitutive relation. Several Stribeck curves are generated to analyze the effect of roughness lays and root mean square (RMS) roughness on the coefficient of friction. The homogenized mixed lubrication model is validated against experimental rolling/sliding ball-on-disc results, and a good agreement between simulated and experimental coefficient of friction is found.
The clinical efficacy and suitable implementation of two extracorporeal blood purification therapies: AN69-oXiris versus PMX-HP
Authors: Kim Hye Sung , Chung Yoon Ji , Lee Gyeo Ra , Kim Eun Young
Published: January 2024

Purpose

In septic shock patients, pathogens and excessive endotoxins continuously overstimulate the host’s immune system with a cytokine storm that can lead to multi-organ failure and even mortality. Various types of extracorporeal blood purification treatments have recently been introduced to remove excessive endotoxins and cytokines. Herein, we compared the clinical efficacy of two blood purification methods, PMX-HP and AN69-oXiris, and discussed their detailed indications according to disease severity.

Materials and methods

From December 2016 to April 2023, patients who underwent emergent surgery due to septic shock secondary to peritonitis and subsequently received blood purification treatment with AN69-oXiris or PMX-HP were enrolled. Propensity score (PS)-matching was conducted to adjust for baseline characteristics between the two groups, and the changes in clinical parameters and outcomes were compared. Clinical outcomes were assessed in subgroups of patients who underwent PMX-HP treatment divided according to SOFA scores into low (0–7), intermediate (8–13), and high (> 13) disease severity groups.

Results

Forty patients received blood purification therapy with either PMX-HP or AN69-oXiris during the study period. After 1:2 PS matching, six patients in the AN69-oXiris group and 12 patients in the PMX-HP group were finally analyzed. Vasoactive-inotropic scores (VISs) decreased in both groups after 48 h of treatment compared to the baseline values, but the change in VISs was more pronounced in the PMX-HP group {−57.6 [interquartile range (IQR) = −166.4 – (−10)] vs. -22.9 [IQR = −64–0], respectively, p = 0.041}. Decreases in cardiovascular SOFA scores were significantly pronounced in the PMX-HP group [−1.5 (IQR = −4 – 0) vs. 0 (IQR = −1 – 1), respectively, p = 0.035]. The 7-day mortality rate was significantly lower than the predicted mortality rate in a subgroup analysis of patients treated with PMX-HP in both the low disease severity group and the intermediate disease severity group.

Conclusion

PMX-HP and AN69-oXiris could be therapeutic options for refractory septic shock patients with intra-abdominal origins, especially after the surgical elimination of the infectious sources. A tailored modality choice that takes into account patient characteristics, such as disease severity and cost burden, could optimize the efficacy of this strategy.
Prevalence and molecular characteristics of Shewanella infection in diarrhea patients in Beijing, China 2017–2019
Authors: Kang Ying , Yu Keyi , Huang Zhenzhou , Pang Bo , Liu Shengtian , Peng Tao , Li Ying , Wang Duochun
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Shewanella is an important opportunistic pathogen distributed in marine environments that has caused an increasing number of clinical infections. However, there are few reports on the distribution and characteristics of Shewanella in the diarrheal pathogen spectrum. In this study, we have systematically described the prevalence of Shewanella infections in diarrhea patients in Beijing, China 2017–2019, and genome characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of Shewanella isolates.

Methods

Stool samples were collected from diarrhea patients in a surveillance project from 2017 to 2019. Shewanella strains were isolated, and identified using VITEKR 2 COMPACT and MALDI-TOF MS. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), phylogenetic analysis, virulence-associated genes and antimicrobial resistance genes analysis were used for genome characteristics description. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed with microbroth dilution method.

Results

1104 fecal samples were collected, and the Shewanella detection rate was 2.36% (26/1104). The main manifestations of infection caused by Shewanella spp. were diarrhea (100%, 26/26), abdominal pain (65.38%, 17/26), and vomiting (38.46%, 10/26). The 26 isolates were classified into 3 species (S. algae (n = 18), S. indica (n = 5), and S. chilikensis (n = 3)) and 22 sequence types. Core genome single nucleotide polymorphism-based evolutionary tree identified three clone groups corresponding to three infection events in the same months in 2017 and 2019. The putative virulence-associated gene pool consisted of 56 potential virulence genes, including 19 virulence gene factors. The resistance rates of the 26 isolates to 17 antibiotics from high to low were as follows: polymyxin E (76.92%), cefotaxime (57.69%), ampicillin (50%), ampicillin-sulbactam (34.62%), nalidixic acid (15.38%), ciprofloxacin (11.54%), selectrin (3.846%,1/26), and tetracycline (3.846%, 1/26). The rate of multidrug resistance was 38.46% (10/26).

Discussion

Monitoring for Shewanella spp. should be added to the routine surveillance of infectious diarrhea during the epidemic season.
Antibacterial action of slightly acidic electrolytic water against Cronobacter sakazakii and its application as a disinfectant on high-risk contact surfaces
Authors: Guo Ling , Han Jing , Wang Yanyan , Chang Yajing , Qu Wenxuan , Man Chaoxin , Fei Peng , Jiang Yujun
Published: January 2024

Powdered infant formula (PIF) is prone to Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii) contamination, which can result in infections that endanger the lives of newborns and infants. Slightly acidic electrolytic water (SAEW) has shown antibacterial effects on a variety of foodborne pathogens and has a wide applicability in the food industry. Here, the antibacterial activity of SAEW against C. sakazakii and its use as a disinfectant on contact surfaces with high infection transmission risk were investigated. The inactivation of SAEW on C. sakazakii was positively correlated to the SAEW concentration and treatment time. The antibacterial effect of SAEW was achieved by decreasing the intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), K+, protein, and DNA contents of C. sakazakii, reducing the intracellular pH (pHin) and destroying the cell morphology, which led to inactivation of C. sakazakii ultimately. To test the applicability of this study, the results showed that approximately 103 CFU/cm2 of C. sakazakii were successfully inactivated on stainless steel and rubber surfaces after a 30 mg/L SAEW treatment for 20 s. These results indicate the antibacterial mechanism and potential application of SAEW against C. sakazakii, as well as a new strategy for the prevention and control of C. sakazakii on stainless steel and rubber surfaces.
Efficacy and feasibility of a digital speech therapy for post-stroke dysarthria: protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kim Yuyoung , Kim Minjung , Kim Jinwoo , Song Tae-Jin
Published: January 2024

Background

Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder caused by various neurological diseases, particularly stroke. Individuals with post-stroke dysarthria experience impaired speech intelligibility, communication difficulties, and a reduced quality of life. However, studies on the treatment of post-stroke dysarthria are lacking. Digital speech therapy applications have the advantages of being personalized and easily accessible. However, evidence for their efficacy is not rigorous. Moreover, no studies have investigated both the acute to subacute, and chronic phases of stroke. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and feasibility of digital speech therapy applications in addressing these gaps in dysarthria treatment.

Methods and design

This study is a multicenter, prospective, randomized, evaluator-blinded non-inferiority trial. We aim to recruit 76 participants with post-stroke dysarthria. Eligible participants will be stratified based on the onset period of stroke into acute to subacute, and chronic phases. Participants will be randomized in a 1:1 to receive either a personalized digital speech therapy application or conventional therapy with a workbook for 60 min daily, 5 days a week, for 4 weeks. The primary outcome is the improvement in speech intelligibility. This will be measured by how accurately independent listeners can transcribe passages read by the participants. Secondary outcomes, which include speech function, will be evaluated remotely by speech-language pathologists. This includes the maximum phonation time, oral diadochokinetic rate, and percentage of consonants correct. Participants’ psychological well-being will also be assessed using self-report questionnaires, such as depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) and quality of life (Quality of Life in the Dysarthric Speaker scale). The trial will also assess the feasibility, participant adherence, and usability of the application. Rigorous data collection and monitoring will be implemented to ensure patient safety.

Conclusion

This trial aims to investigate the efficacy and feasibility of digital speech therapy applications for treating post-stroke dysarthria. The results could establish foundational evidence for future clinical trials with larger sample sizes.

Clinical trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT05865106.
Study on the correlation between IL-12p70, IL-17A and migraine in children
Authors: Yang Fan , Liu Hai-zhen , Liu Jia-ai , Chen Yao-yao , Sun Su-zhen
Published: January 2024

Objective

To compare the serum levels of 12 cytokines in migraine group, encephalitis with headache symptoms group, pneumonia without headache symptoms group and migraine subgroups to explore the cytokines associated with migraine in children and their levels.

Methods

A total of 44 children with migraine, 27 children in the encephalitis group with headache symptoms and 44 children in the pneumonia group without headache symptoms were selected from January 2022 to August 2023 in Hebei Children’s Hospital. They were all tested for serum cytokines by immunofluorescence assay. The migraine group was further divided into subgroups according to different age, gender, course of disease, and presence of coinfection. The differences of serum cytokine levels among the above groups were compared, and the correlation analysis was carried out.

Results

Except IL-5, there were no significant differences in the expression levels of other 11 inflammatory cytokines between migraine subgroups. Compared with encephalitis with headache symptoms group and pneumonia without headache symptoms group the serum levels of IL-4, TNF-α, IL-17A, and IL-12p70 were higher in migraine group than in pneumonia group, and the levels of IL-12p70 were higher than those in encephalitis group (p < 0.05). An increase in serum IL-12p70 (OR = 1.267, 95%CI 1.054–1.523, p = 0.012) and IL-17A (OR = 1.066, 95%CI 1.016–1.119, p = 0.010) levels had a significant effect on migraine.

Conclusion

Elevated serum levels of IL-12p70 and IL-17A may increase the risk of migraine in children, which has certain diagnostic and predictive value.