bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sliding mode control based on particle swarm optimization neural network and adaptive reaching law
Authors: Chen Jiqing , Zhang Haiyan , Pan Shangtao , Tang Qingsong
Published: July 2023

This paper presents a sliding mode control based on particle swarm optimization neural network and adaptive reaching law, and the proposed control method solves the problem of chattering and tracking performance degradation of a multi-joint manipulator caused by uncertainties such as external disturbances and modeling error. First, to address the problem that the precise dynamic system of the manipulator is difficult to establish, the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is used to approximate the uncertainty of the manipulator model, and the parameters of the neural network are optimized through the adaptive natural selection particle swarm optimization algorithm (ASelPSO) to improve the approximation ability and reduce the approximation error. Second, to eliminate chattering, adaptive reaching law is selected to improve the dynamic quality of approaching motion. Finally, a comparative simulation experiment is carried out with a 3-DOF manipulator as the research object. The results show that the control method has obvious improvements in eliminating chattering, improving tracking accuracy, and increasing convergence speed, which verifies the feasibility and superiority of the control scheme.
Design of the electric vehicle powertrain systems based on μ-analysis
Authors: Zhang Jian , Meng Fanwei , Liu Yunjing
Published: July 2023

Aiming at the oscillation in the electric vehicle powertrain systems, a control strategy based on the structural singular value [Formula: see text] is proposed. To solve the problem of robustness under parameter uncertainty, the traditional [Formula: see text]-synthesis needs to obtain all-pass characteristics through the weight function in the nominal system, which reduces the perturbation suppression ability of the system. Unlike the previous use of [Formula: see text]-analysis as a system performance criterion, this paper starts from the essence of parameter uncertainty problems and designs controllers based on the relationship between parameter uncertainty and nominal systems, using structural singular value [Formula: see text] as a performance constraint. The result shows that the [Formula: see text]-analysis not only takes into account the robustness and disturbance rejection ability but also reduces the controller order. In addition, the oscillation suppression effect in the presence of transmission backlash is verified, and the [Formula: see text]-analysis can suppress the oscillation better than the [Formula: see text]-synthesis.
Appetitive and Aversive Motivation in Dysregulated Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bresin Konrad , Hunt Rowan A.
Published: July 2023

Appetitive and aversive motivation are prominent in theories of dysregulated behaviors. The authors conducted a meta-analysis of the association between individual differences in appetitive and aversive motivation and several dysregulated behaviors (i.e., alcohol use, marijuana use, tobacco use, binge eating, aggression, gambling, and nonsuicidal self-injury). Alcohol use ( r = .17, k = 141), marijuana use ( r = .13, k = 23), aggression ( r = .22, k = 52), and gambling ( r = .08, k = 55) were all significantly positively related to appetitive motivation. Binge eating ( r = .28, k = 34) and self-injury ( r = .17, k = 10) were significantly positively related to aversive motivation. Effect sizes were similar to the median effect size in personality research. Together, these results provide some evidence that some dysregulated behaviors are more correlated with approach motivation, whereas others are more correlated with aversive motivation, which may indicate distinct etiological pathways.
Internal Mobility: A Review and Agenda for Future Research
Authors: Ray Caitlin
Published: July 2023

Internal mobility, or movement of individuals within organizations, is a frequently occurring phenomenon that can have ripple effects throughout organizations. Internal mobility can impact individuals, units, and organizations and several decades of work on the topic provide evidence of its causes and consequences. While a recent uptick in research on internal mobility aligns with upward trends in the use of internal labor markets within organizations, the literature is currently not well integrated with a variety of terms and characteristics used to describe internal mobility, siloed single-level research on either individual or organization perspectives, and poor integration with other forms of mobility that makes it difficult to fully understand its impact. This review of the 202 articles on internal mobility reconciles these issues by defining internal mobility, creating a model based around the two primary types of internal mobility, transfers and promotions, and integrating research from varied organizational actors (individuals, organizations) that cause and are affected by internal mobility. This review culminates with a future research agenda designed to extend research on internal mobility.
New Diseases, Newer Categories: Ayurveda’s Engagement with Epidemics in Travancore
Authors: Cleetus Burton
Published: July 2023

The advent of Western modernity in India, as a by-product of British colonialism, brought about considerable strain within Indian medical traditions. Indigenous medical traditions which were operating within the broad humoral theory of disease causation came to be subjected to the logic of biomedicine. By the late nineteenth century, as the British in India consolidated their state systems and the princely states modelled their administrative structures in accordance with the British state, there was an increased acceptance of biomedical standards against indigenous medical norms. This was further accentuated by the fear of epidemics, which suggested that diseases spread from person to person and could affect large geographic areas bringing death and suffering in its wake. Disease control and management had, therefore, become a major concern for both the state systems in the British presidencies and in the princely states. The prevalence of contagious diseases offered a challenge to reorganize the public health systems of the states, yet they also provided an opportunity to legitimize state sovereignty over the bodies of its subjects. Diseases that were previously seen as localized and situated within culturally specific locales were now increasingly subjected to the governing mechanisms of the state. This paper examines how the medical bureaucratization of Travancore, in the south-western part of the Indian subcontinent, affected local healthcare traditions in the face of expanding fear of epidemics, ultimately led to the reshaping of indigenous medical systems.
‘Did my unconscious tell me about my multiple sclerosis?’: The role of the conscious, unconscious and physical self in the creation and transmission of knowledge
Authors: Green Marissa
Published: July 2023

This article will first consider the relationship between the conscious, unconscious and physical triad of self. Second, the role of symbols and movement in the transmission of unconscious knowledge will be explored. Third, I will question whether unconscious knowledge can be created and transmitted before this knowledge has been consciously experienced. My personal experience will be presented as an example. Suggestions will then be offered to therapeutic practitioners for adaptations to practice when working with clients with chronic disabilities.
Diplomacy, State Policies and Muslim Minorities: Turkey's Relations with Bulgaria and Romania (1923–1936)
Authors: Köksal Yonca , Barlas Dilek
Published: July 2023

This article studies how and why the policies of the Bulgarian and Romanian states towards Muslim/Turkish minorities differed widely from each other between 1923 and 1936. Minority policies in Bulgaria shifted from tolerance during the Agrarian People's Union government in 1919, to assimilation and repression in the 1930s. In contrast, the Romanian state tolerated and favourably treated Muslim minorities throughout the interwar period. In order to account for this difference, we highlight the influence of Turkey's diplomatic relations on Bulgarian and Romanian state policies towards minorities and the responses of the latter. While Turkish-Bulgarian relations see-sawed, Turkish-Romanian relations constantly improved from the 1920s to 1930s. We argue that, whenever Turkey's diplomatic relations with Bulgaria and Romania ameliorated, Bulgaria's and Romania's minority policies improved. Yet, whenever diplomatic relations deteriorated, so did the minority policies.
Evaluating Equity: A Method for Analyzing the Transit Accessibility of Affordable Housing Units
Authors: Guo Jing , Brakewood Candace , Hightower Ashley , Cherry Christopher
Published: July 2023

Improving transit access for people in low-income communities is an important consideration for transit providers. However, there has only been a limited amount of research on the transit accessibility of affordable housing units. This paper aims to develop a method for evaluating the transit equity of existing affordable housing units and propose easy-to-implement modifications to local bus services to increase transit accessibility levels (assuming housing locations do not change in the short term). The proposed method has three steps, and it is applied to three cities in Tennessee with primarily bus-based transit systems. The first step measures the transit accessibility of specific affordable housing locations and citywide transit accessibility levels using a web-based platform built using open-source software. The second step evaluates the transit equity of affordable housing programs at the city level using Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients, and the transit equity of specific affordable housing locations by proposing a simple inequity index. The results reveal that the level of transit equity for affordable housing units differs across housing programs and cities. In the third step, an example of a modification to a local bus route is evaluated for one affordable housing location with a high inequity index to demonstrate the applicability of the method. The substantial increase in accessible jobs after modification, from 135 to 6,400, highlights the potential effectiveness of implementing short-term transit service changes to improve the accessibility of existing affordable housing locations. This three-step method primarily relies on open datasets that are also available for other regions in the U.S.A.
Statistical Analysis of Train Derailment Severity for Unit Trains Versus Manifest Trains
Authors: Li Weitian , Bian Zheyong , Liu Xiang
Published: July 2023

Using freight trains is a cost-effective and safe method for transporting numerous products over long distances. However, freight train derailments have significant consequences. Derailment severity, measured by the number of cars derailed per derailment, is an important risk factor. Based on prior literature and Federal Railroad Administration data, this research analyzes and estimates derailment severity of freight railroad transportation using a statistical method: the Truncated Geometric (TG) model. The methodology accounts for three train types: manifest train, loaded unit train, and empty unit train. Train length, speed, and gross tonnage per car are the input features, and the output variable is the number of cars derailed in a derailment incident. The TG model quantifies the influence of these factors contributing to derailment severity and estimates train derailment severity with a performance of the mean square error (MSE) of 68.91 and mean absolute error (MAE) of 6.05. When data outliers such as abnormally high or low severity are excluded, the MSE drops to 36.82 and the MAE drops to 4.22. Overall, the results indicate that the train derailment severity estimation performance based on the given factors is satisfactory. With all other factors being equal, a loaded unit train is likely to derail more cars than a manifest train and an empty unit train. When data outliers are excluded, there is no significant difference between manifest trains and empty unit trains as regards derailment severity, and both are less likely to derail than a loaded unit train.
Point-Based Visual Status Evaluation of Worn Pavement Markings Based on a Feature-Binary-PointNet Network and Shape Descriptors Using LiDAR Point Clouds: A Case Study of an Expressway
Authors: Wang Jin , Cao Meng , Zhang Tao , Liu Bin , Li Hao
Published: July 2023

Inspecting the visual wear status of pavement markings is important to guide the maintenance plans of roads and ensure traffic safety. This study proposes a point-based visual status evaluation system for pavement markings using light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology. The system includes a feature-binary-PointNet (FBP) network to accurately extract pavement markings from raw point clouds. Furthermore, multi-shape descriptors are constructed to efficiently identify different types of pavement markings, and a four-level wear-grading system is established based on two indices (point-based visual wear area and wear area proportion) of each pavement marking. The proposed method was tested using the mobile laser scanning technique considering a case study of an expressway. The proposed FBP network performed better than the existing state-of-the-art networks in extracting the pavement markings, with accuracy, recall, precision, and mean intersection over union scores of 97.04, 84.42, 91.11, and 79.36%, respectively. The main types of expressway markings were rapidly identified, and maintenance advice was provided based on the two computed indices and the wear grade of each marking. The study findings can guide managing agencies in allocating the maintenance budget for fixing highly defective road sections.
Measuring DEI within workplaces: questioning the theoretical, empirical, and practical models
Authors: Bowe Anica , Drame Elizabeth , Duval-Diop Dominique , Mawhinney Lynnette , Melaco Carla
Published: July 2023

BECO designed an Equity Audit tool to measure racial diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) within workplaces. The tool has three versions (K-12 schools, For-Profits, and Non-Profits) and is currently undergoing the Standard Setting Process. This study reports on quantitative and qualitative findings for For-Profits and Non-Profits and by doing so, extends the conversation regarding the theoretical, empirical, and practical issues we encounter with the social reality of DEI work. Empirical findings via confirmatory factor analyses reveal at least reasonable fit of the tool which supports the measurement theory undergirding the tool. Qualitative findings demonstrate mixed opinions among experts as to how diversity, equity, and inclusion constructs relate, thus highlighting the unclarity about how we should engage in DEI work in workplaces. Altogether, we discuss findings in relation to the call for empirical work to ground sociological theories and constructs, and the extent to which progression in the field of diversity management aligns with the success and sustainability of DEI work.
Guaranteed Incentives and Prize Drawings: Effects on Participation, Data Quality, and Costs in a Web Survey of College Students on Sensitive Topics
Authors: Dykema Jennifer , Stevenson John , Jones Cameron P. , Day Brendan
Published: July 2023

Many studies rely on traditional web survey methods in which all contacts with sample members are through email and the questionnaire is administered exclusively online. Because it is difficult to effectively administer prepaid incentives via email, researchers frequently employ lotteries or prize draws as incentives even though their influence on survey participation is small. The current study examines whether a prize draw is more effective if it is divided into a few larger amounts versus several smaller amounts and compares prize draws to a small but guaranteed postpaid incentive. Data are from the 2019 Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Assault and Sexual Misconduct. Sample members include 38,434 undergraduate and graduate students at a large Midwestern university who were randomly assigned to receive: a guaranteed $5 Amazon gift card; entry into a high-payout drawing for one of four $500 prizes; or entry into a low-payout drawing for one of twenty $100 prizes. Results indicate the guaranteed incentive increased response rates, with no difference between the prize draws. While results from various data quality outcomes show the guaranteed incentive reduced break-off rates and the high-payout drawing increased item nonresponse, there were no differences across incentive conditions in rates of speeding, reporting of sensitive data, straightlining, or sample representativeness. As expected, the prize draws had much lower overall and per complete costs.
Perspectives From Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors for a Planned Nurse–Patient Dyadic Storytelling Intervention
Authors: Cho Eunji , Akard Terrah Foster
Published: July 2023

Purpose: This qualitative study aimed to explore the perspectives of adolescents and young adults (AYA) on a planned nurse–patient dyadic storytelling intervention. Background: Cancer is a highly distressful event for AYA. AYA with cancer experience multidimensional suffering while dealing with their developmental transition from adolescence to young adulthood. Their unique needs require appropriate, well-tailored psychosocial support. Nurses can provide such support through storytelling approaches. Method: AYA cancer survivors participated in cross-sectional qualitative interviews to provide feedback on the nurse–patient storytelling intervention model. Analysis: Qualitative content analysis was used to interpret and categorize the data. Findings: Barriers and facilitators of the intervention emerged. Themes related to barriers included (a) the disadvantages of an online program, (b) the limitations of the in-person program, (c) interacting with nurses, (d) sharing personal stories with others, and (e) the timing of the program. Themes regarding facilitators included (a) benefits to AYA with cancer, (b) benefits to nurses, (c) benefits of online/in-person programs, and (d) willingness to participate. Conclusions: AYA with cancer may benefit from the nurse–patient dyadic storytelling intervention. Developing innovative methods to optimize and customize interventions based on preferences is essential. Future research should involve nurse feedback and tailored approaches for AYA with cancer.
Monitoring hydroecology and climatic variability since ~4.6 ka from palynological, sedimentological and environmental perspectives in an Ox-bow lake, Central Ganga Plain, India
Authors: Farooqui Anjum , Khan Salman , Agnihotri Rajesh , Phartiyal Binita , Shukla Sunil
Published: July 2023

The Ganga-Sai River Interfluve contains several ox-bow lakes in the fertile Central Ganga plains (CGP). A ~2.20-meter deep sedimentary profile obtained near the Chandra Shekhar Azad bird sanctuary (Nawabganj lake-NL) of the CGP was studied to understand the evolution of the ecosystem and climate using pollen/spores, diatoms, testate amoebae, environmental magnetic data,and carbon and nitrogen isotopes. This sedimentary profile is chronologically well-constrained by five radiocarbon (14C) dates. Between 4.6 and 4.4 ka, the sandy sediment and pollen evidence for riparian forest, the absence of aquatic pollen and sponge spicules suggest scant water in the vicinity through the river channel. A semi-closed fluvial ecosystem between 4.4 and 4.2 ka is indicated by testate amoebae, sponge spicules and arboreal pollen. At least two intermittent warm conditions prevailed between 4.6 and 4.2 ka. Between 4.2 and 2.8 ka, high aquatic pollen, diatoms and testate amoebae indicate a lake ecosystem. By ~2.8–0.9 ka the gammoscleres from sponges formed during dry seasons indicate recharging during monsoon as the river shifted. Thereafter, agricultural pollen ( Brassica and Apiaceae) indicates a further shift in the lake boundary exposing land. The highly sandy texture, fluctuating δ13C, δ15N and magnetic mineral values indicate an unstable fluvio-lacustrine deposition inducing hydroecological changes influenced by intermittent about 5–6 humid and dry climatic conditions since ~4.6 ka to present. The calcrete layer in the bottom sediments shows high aridity in CGP between ~5 and 4.6 ka reaching the climax cold-dry event of ~4.2 ka recorded worldwide. The spectral analysis of palynological data from NL and the contemporary Barela Lake, reveals de Vries and Gleissberg cycles of low and high solar irradiance at centennial to multi-centennial scale during the Holocene. The impact on vegetation, sediment depositional dynamics, and shift in river channel was more rapid showing the dominance of ~200 years. periodicity post ~5 ka as compared to ~300 years of dominance prior to this. This centennial timescale is of great speculation for future climate predictions in CGP coupled with the anthropogenic forcings.
Rural Sales Force Retention: Dilemma of Accurate Adhesives
Authors: Gupta Pooja , Srivastava Mallika , Fernandes Semila
Published: July 2023

Sudeep was the sales development manager for the rural business unit of an FMCG company Accurate Adhesive Ltd. in West Bengal. The company had been plagued with a high level of attrition in its workforce. Sudeep had a big presentation coming up in the next week. He was due to present the concerns of the field sales force, benchmarking with the best practices and motivational tools needed for incremental and sustainable business practices to a team from top management. He was specially chosen for this as his immediate superior believed that Sudeep had a better insight into the field sales force. This was due to his role during his management trainee days. During the training, he experienced the life of a frontal sales force and realized the persistence and agility required of the sales force. The top management had been quite worried about the high attrition (>20%) problem in the rural areas where the company had a presence. The business loss is considerable with such a staffing gap within the field force territories. Market coverage and other business parameters such as issue resolution, product awareness & service levels also suffer. This becomes an easy breeding ground for the competition to move in. This problem of high attrition needs to be addressed at the grass root level. Can technology be the solution? Alternatively, there is a need for some other management initiatives.
Redesigning the Performance Appraisal System at Mobilink (A&B)
Authors: Naeem Ramsha , Ahmad Ghufran
Published: July 2023

The President and CEO of Mobilink called a meeting with the HR team to discuss serious issues regarding the performance appraisal system at Mobilink in January 2015, when the regular performance appraisal cycle had already begun. One such issue was the mismatch between employee and organizational objectives. There was a need to reinforce the link between individual and corporate performance as the organization did not meet its expected revenue growth targets. Still, many people were awarded salary increments, bonuses and promotions. The CEO of Mobilink and the HR team agreed that there was a need for changes in the existing performance appraisal system to bring employee objectives in line with organizational goals. The team was given 48h to develop a new system. Eventually, the team developed a new evaluation system, which was presented to the senior management team. The discussion with top management revealed varying opinions regarding the proposed system. The senior management team highlighted potentially serious pitfalls in the proposed system. The HR team left the meeting thinking: should the proposed system be implemented now or later, and did it need further improvements before implementation? They had a deadline to meet.
Health economics-informed planning of psychiatric care: A primer and curriculum framework for psychiatrists
Authors: Looi Jeffrey CL , Robson Stephen J , Bastiampillai Tarun , Allison Stephen , Kisely Steve
Published: July 2023

Objective

Contemporary medical education lacks a strong focus on health economics which guides major decisions in private and public health services. We briefly outline the rationale, guiding principles, main analytic methods, and a suggested framework for health economics education in psychiatry.

Conclusions

Health economics aims to improve the efficiency of healthcare. Some analytic methods can be harnessed by psychiatrists to better plan clinical care. Health economic methods will also assist psychiatrists in translating their expertise and clinical priorities more effectively to policy-makers, governments, and private insurers motivated by economic reasoning.
Global Trains of Thought: Coupling Derailment, Environment, Racism, Movement, Progress
Authors: Borchard Kurt
Published: July 2023

This article is an assemblage of thematically inter-relatable quotations promoting critically oriented, non-linear complexity of thought. The quotes concern: recent derailments and safety protocols; what trains carry; ideas about linearity, sequence, and simultaneity; environmental issues; trains used in genocide, race-based segregation and exploitation, and immigration; trains communicating art, symbols, and meaning; and quotes from literary figures, artists, and social theory. A central question emerges: Do the contents and arrangements of our (ever longer) cause-and-effect chains together constitute globally indeterminate, unanticipated consequences and both random and systemic interconnectivity, bridging industrial and post industrial eras, networks, and concerns?
Interventions to Prevent Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Alsina Ema , Browne Joyce L. , Gielkens Desi , Noorman Maaike A. J. , de Wit John B.F.
Published: July 2023

Intimate partner violence (IPV) remains a global health and human rights problem. This systematic review assesses the effects of preventive interventions on the occurrence of IPV experience or perpetration. Twenty-six studies published between January 1, 2008 and March 31, 2022 were included, contributing 91 effect sizes. Multilevel meta-analysis showed a protective pooled effect (risk ratio = 0.85, 95% CI [0.77, 0.99]). Interventions (also) including men were more effective than interventions for women only. No other moderators were found. Findings underscore that various IPV prevention interventions are now available that can improve the health and rights of women in diverse settings.
Analyzing Purchase Decisions Using Dynamic Location Data
Authors: Shoshani Tal , Zubcsek Peter Pal , Reichman Shachar
Published: July 2023

Retailers’ efforts to monetize consumer location data remain dominated by inefficient protocols (e.g., geofencing) that customize marketing interactions based solely on app users’ current location. Although extant trajectory mining techniques can remedy these shortcomings, they require high-frequency location data, which poses severe risks to consumers’ privacy. The authors present a novel method to extract marketing value from low-granularity urban mobility data and demonstrate its use in analyzing gas station choice to value customers. The data, also used to infer gas station visits, contain 1.06 million location records on nearly 27,000 devices observed near selected retailers including gas stations during a six-month period in Staten Island, New York. The authors pool consumers’ mobility trajectories from several days to dynamically calculate the distance of stores from consumers’ anticipated trajectories. They then supplement the data with station-level daily fuel prices and estimate a conditional logit model to assess how consumers trade off gas prices versus store distance. In addition to a generally high station loyalty, the authors find that consumers strongly prefer not to deviate far from their common trajectories for fueling trips. Applying their methods in a predictive context, the authors infer the value of newly acquired customers to the studied gas stations to be between $3.00 and $7.59.
Trends and frontiers of research on telemedicine from 1971 to 2022: A scientometric and visualisation analysis
Authors: Liu Peng , Wang Fuzhi , Xu Wenjun , Li Ying , Li Bin
Published: July 2023

Background

With the continuous development of the Internet and information technology, telemedicine has gradually become a popular medical model, which has always attracted much attention. Especially in recent years, research has shown a rapid increase in the use of telemedicine due to the impact of COVID-19. We have conducted a scientific metrological analysis of telemedicine to identify its hot spots and frontiers and promote cooperation and development.

Methods

We retrieved 19,171 articles related to telemedicine published from 1971 to 2022 in the Web of Science (WOS) database. Then, we conducted co-author network analysis (author, institution, country), co-citation analysis (author, journal, literature) and burst analysis (thematic trends and frontier topics).

Results

The number of publications has been on the rise since 1993 and began to rise rapidly in 1997. Influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of articles doubled in 2020 compared to the prior year. The United States produced the greatest number of articles (43.4%). Although studies in Greece are fewer and more recent, the country is demonstrating tremendous development potential in this field and is an active contributor to telemedicine research. The main research topics identified include the application, system and services of telemedicine; the application of telemedicine in providing medical services to rural and remote areas where medical resources are scarce; the quality control of medical images in telemedicine; the application of telemedicine in chronic disease care; and the comparison of in-person medical care and telemedicine. Emerging topics include the application and impact of telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion

The main telemedicine research fields over the past 52 years are identified, the meanings of analyses results are discussed, and emerging trends are highlighted.
‘Come on mate, let's make you a cup of tea’: Theorising materiality and its impacts on detainee dignity inside police detention
Authors: Skinns Layla , Wooff Andrew , Rice Lindsey
Published: July 2023

In this article, we examine detainee experiences of dignity in police detention through the lens of materiality. To do this, we draw on sociological and anthropological literature on the ‘material turn’ and its application to criminal justice settings, and a mixed-methods study of police custody in England and Wales. First, we conceptualise different dimensions of materiality in police custody. Second, we show how some forms of materiality, in conjunction with staff–detainee relationships, shape detainee dignity rooted in equal worth, privacy and autonomy. Third, we examine how the intertwining of the social and material in police custody opens up new possibilities for theorising police work. The materiality of police work is active, not just symbolic. Alongside social relations, it shapes citizen experiences of the police, including of ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ forms of policing, and by implication, pain and injustice. Materiality therefore provides a further way of theorising the production of social order inside and outside police detention.
A comprehensive review on estimation of equivalent static wind loads on long-span roofs
Authors: Sun Wuyi , Wang Xiaomei , Dong Daojun , Zhang Meixia , Li Qiusheng
Published: July 2023

Equivalent static wind load (ESWL) is helpful information for designing wind-sensitive structures since it converts complex wind-induced structural dynamic analysis into a simplified static analysis and facilitates combination of other loads or actions in structural designs. In recent years, there have been a growing number of long-span roof structures, most of which are sensitive to wind actions. Indeed, the accurate determination of ESWLs has been a primary concern in their wind-resistant design. Although some significant progress has been made on this topic, there are various issues to be addressed or improved due to a variety of reasons. With the further development of long-span roofs, there will be higher requirements for their ESWLs. This paper first combs through the existing representative methods depending on wind-induced structural responses (WISRs) and wind-induced structural stability (WISS), where the ESWLs linked with the former are the mainstream and the ones concerned with the latter are still somewhat in their initial stages of development. In each broad category, some momentous tactics of mathematics and mechanics are utilized to derive different methods. In the conclusion, this paper finally summarizes the existing achievements, highlights the technical challenges that hinder the current methods from being widely adopted and proposes some latent solutions for the future research. This review paper is anticipated to be a comprehensive reference for researchers and professionals in this field of study.
A novel feature extraction method based on symbol-scale diversity entropy and its application for fault diagnosis of rotary machines
Authors: Wang Shun , Li Yongbo , Zhang Jiacong , Liu Zheng , Deng Zichen
Published: July 2023

Multiscale entropy-based methods have made great progress in the field of health condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of machines due to their powerful feature representation capabilities. However, existing multiscale entropy methods suffer from three major obstacles: high fluctuation under large scale-factor, loss of high-frequency information, and poor robustness to noises. Thus, this work proposes a symbol-scale analysis method to deal with the above problems. In one aspect, to capture fault features from the time series over multiple time scales, time-delay process of different intervals is utilized to obtain long-term features and short-term features. In the other aspect, symbol-scale analysis introduces a symbolization procedure and maps time series into a corresponding sequence of symbols to overcome the limitation of weak fault extraction under a low-signal-to-noise ratio environment. Moreover, the symbol-scale entropy approach is developed by integrating with diversity entropy, called symbol-scale diversity entropy. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is intensively validated using two simulated signals and experimental cases. Results demonstrate its advantages in dynamic change tracking ability and calculation efficiency by comparing it with other state-of-the-art entropy methods. Apart from diversity entropy, the versatility of incorporating the proposed symbol-scale analysis and other entropy methods is also verified using experimental data.
Comparing the Safety and Feasibility of Endovascular Therapy via Transradial and Transfemoral Approaches in Patients with Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of the Nationwide Registry
Authors: Horie Kazunori , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Iida Osamu , Kohsaka Shun , Nakama Tatsuya , Shinke Toshiro , Tada Norio , Amano Tetsuya , Kozuma Ken
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

Our objective was to evaluate the feasibility of performing endovascular therapy (EVT) for aortoiliac artery disease using transradial approach (TRA) as compared to transfemoral approach (TFA).

Methods:

We analyzed 9671 cases with symptomatic lower extremity artery disease due to aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD) treated using EVT from a Japanese Nationwide EVT Registry between January and December 2021. We compared the baseline characteristics, procedural information, and 30-day outcomes of patients who received EVT only via TRA (n=863 [16.9%]) and those only via TFA (n=4255 [83.1%]) by using propensity score (PS) matching, after excluding those who required regular dialysis, those who underwent hybrid surgeries, and those who received EVT through 2 or more approach sites.

Results:

After matching, the final study population consisted of 862 matched patients with similar baseline characteristics in each group. Technical success rate was comparable between the 2 groups (99.3% vs. 99.3%, p>0.99). No significant differences were observed with respect to the composite of all-cause death within 48 hours after EVT and post-procedural complications within 30 days, including severe bleeding that required transfusion, revascularization procedures, urgent surgeries, cerebral infarction, and major limb amputation (0.2% vs. 0.7%, p=0.29). Transradial approach was associated with shorter operation time (85 vs. 90 minutes, p=0.016), but longer fluoroscopy time (26 vs. 20 minutes, p<0.001) and higher contrast agent volume (80 vs. 75 mL, p<0.001).

Conclusion:

After PS matching, TRA showed the comparable rates of successful EVT and 30-day complications in patients with AIOD compared to TFA. Transradial approach was found to be safe and be a viable alternative of TFA for the treatment of AIOD.

Clinical Impact

The efficacy of transradial approach (TRA) is established in percutaneous coronary intervention; however, its safety and feasibility are unclear in endovascular therapy (EVT). We analyzed 9,671 cases with symptomatic aortoiliac occlusive disease treated using EVT from a Nationwide Registry to compare the 30-day outcomes of those who received EVT only via TRA (n = 863 [16.9%]and those only via TFA (n=4,255 [83.1%]) by using propensity score matching. Technical success rate (99.3% vs. 99.3%, p > 0.99) and 30-day complications (0.2% vs. 0.7%, p = 0.29) were comparable between the two groups. EVT via TRA could be performed safely.
Urban Austerity Theory, Politicizing Space, and Cutback Policies across Urban and Rural Communities
Authors: Lobao Linda , Kelly Paige
Published: July 2023

Urban theorists offer varying explanations for why communities use austerity policies that limit or cut government. We develop a synthesis of political-economic and institutional explanations. Using this new synthetic approach, we analyze the characteristics of communities that promote the use of cutback policies and question whether relationships derived from urban theories can be extended across the urban-rural continuum. We draw on original primary data for over 1,000 communities. Our study provides a new lens on local austerity policies and the distinctiveness of the urban experience. We find that economic pressures, political context, and local governments’ characteristics influence cutback policies across both urban and rural America. Large metro counties use more cutback policies suggesting progressive communities are downsizing, and fiscal stress is a strong determinant. Among rural counties, political context and governmental attributes further influence cutback policies. Surprising similarities exist across urban and rural communities in citizen pressures to reduce government. The findings demonstrate that urban frameworks can be pushed beyond their conventional focus. Our study highlights the importance of viewing communities across a continuum rather than analyzing urban and rural communities as if they occupy different worlds.
Motor Decision-Making as a Common Denominator in Motor Pathology and a Possible Rehabilitation Target
Authors: Germanova K. , Panidi K. , Ivanov T. , Novikov P. , Ivanova G.E. , Villringer A. , Nikulin V.V. , Nazarova M.
Published: July 2023

Despite the substantial progress in motor rehabilitation, patient involvement and motivation remain major challenges. They are typically addressed with communicational and environmental strategies, as well as with improved goal-setting procedures. Here we suggest a new research direction and framework involving Neuroeconomics principles to investigate the role of Motor Decision-Making (MDM) parameters in motivational component and motor performance in rehabilitation. We argue that investigating NE principles could bring new approaches aimed at increasing active patient engagement in the rehabilitation process by introducing more movement choice, and adapting existing goal-setting procedures. We discuss possible MDM implementation strategies and illustrate possible research directions using examples of stroke and psychiatric disorders.
Post-migration living difficulties and poor mental health associated with increased interpretation bias for threat
Authors: Vikhanova Anastasia , Tibber Marc S , Mareschal Isabelle
Published: July 2023

Previous research has found associations between mental health difficulties and interpretation biases, including heightened interpretation of threat from neutral or ambiguous stimuli. Building on this research, we explored associations between interpretation biases (positive and negative) and three constructs that have been linked to migrant experience: mental health symptoms (Global Severity Index [GSI]), Post-Migration Living Difficulties (PMLD), and Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire (PEDQ). Two hundred thirty students who identified as first- ( n = 94) or second-generation ethnic minority migrants ( n = 68), and first-generation White migrants ( n = 68) completed measures of GSI, PEDQ, and PMLD. They also performed an interpretation bias task using Point Light Walkers (PLW), dynamic stimuli with reduced visual input that are easily perceived as humans performing an action. Five categories of PLW were used: four that clearly depicted human forms undertaking positive, neutral, negative, or ambiguous actions, and a fifth that involved scrambled animations with no clear action or form. Participants were asked to imagine their interaction with the stimuli and rate their friendliness (positive interpretation bias) and aggressiveness (interpretation bias for threat). We found that the three groups differed on PEDQ and PMLD, with no significant differences in GSI, and the three measured were positively correlated. Poorer mental health and increased PMLD were associated with a heightened interpretation for threat of scrambled animations only. These findings have implications for understanding of the role of threat biases in mental health and the migrant experience.
Short-term recovery after implant versus resection arthroplasty in trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis
Authors: Herren Daniel B. , Marks Miriam , Neumeister Sara , Schindele Stephan
Published: July 2023

We compared the short-term recovery of patients treated with trapeziometacarpal joint (TMJ) implant arthroplasty versus resection-suspension-interposition (RSI) arthroplasty. Implant patients ( n = 147) had a better 3-month postoperative brief Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ) score (mean 82) compared to RSI patients ( n = 127), who had a mean score of 69. Key pinch strength at 3 months was also higher in the implant group compared to the RSI group (6.8 kg vs. 3.1 kg). At 1 year, both groups had similar brief MHQ scores, but key pinch remained higher in the implant group (7.0 kg vs. 3.9 kg [RSI]). After implant arthroplasty, employed patients returned to work after a mean of 44 days, which was significantly faster than the 84 days for RSI patients. Patients after TMJ implant arthroplasty recover significantly faster in the first 3 postoperative months compared to RSI patients. However, 1-year postoperative outcomes are similar for both cohorts, with key pinch strength remaining higher for patients with TMJ implant arthroplasty.

Level of evidence: II
Post-partum maternal bradycardia: A case series and literature review
Authors: Tran Karen C , Fayowski Cassandra D , Chaworth-Musters Tessa , Purkiss Susan E , Chau Anthony , Bennett Matthew T , Chan Wee Shian
Published: July 2023

Background

Unlike tachyarrhythmias, which are common in pregnancy, there is a paucity of data regarding maternal bradycardias. Our objective was to describe the characteristics, associated conditions, and prognosis of women who develop bradycardia post-partum.

Method

We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients referred to the Obstetrical Medicine service at British Columbia Women's Hospital from January 2012 to May 2020 for post-partum maternal bradycardia.

Results

Twenty-four patients with post-partum bradycardia were included (age 34.2  ±  4.8 years; heart rate 40.4  ±  8.1 beats per minute; blood pressure 131/72 mm Hg). Sinus bradycardia (79.2%) was the most common rhythm. Dyspnea (29.4%) and chest pain (23.5%) were common symptoms. Mean time to resolution of bradycardia was 3.6  ±  3.8 days. Associated conditions potentially explaining the bradycardia were preeclampsia (54.1%), underlying (16.7%), medications (8.3%), and neuraxial anesthesia (8.3%).

Conclusions

Maternal bradycardia is an uncommon condition complicating the post-partum period, that is generally self-limiting, with the majority only require clinical observation.
Needlestick Injuries With Insulin Injections: Risk Factors, Concerns, and Implications of the Use of Safety Pen Needles in the Asia-Pacific Region
Authors: Mohamed Mafauzy , Tandon Nikhil , Kim Youngsoon , Kopp Irene , Tanaka Nagaaki , Mikamo Hiroshige , Friedman Kevin , Bajpai Shailendra
Published: July 2023

Globally, health care workers (HCWs) are at a high risk of occupational exposure to needlestick injuries (NSIs). Needlestick injuries not only are associated with an increased risk of infections caused by bloodborne pathogens but are also a primary source of emotional distress and job burnout for HCWs and patients. Insulin injection–related NSIs are common among HCWs working in hospitals in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region and impose a significant burden. Insulin pen needles have a high risk of transmitting infections (at both the patient-end and cartridge end of the sharp) after use. Recapping a needle after administering an insulin injection poses a major risk to HCWs. Currently, several safety-engineered needle devices (SENDs) are available with active or passive safety mechanisms. Passive insulin safety pen needles with dual-ended protection and automatic recapping capabilities have resulted in a significant drop in accidental punctures to HCWs while administering insulin to patients with diabetes. In this article, we have reviewed the burden and common causes of NSIs with insulin injections among HCWs in the APAC region. We have discussed current approaches to address the issues associated with NSIs and the benefits of introducing SENDs in health care settings, including long-term care facilities, nursing homes, and home care settings where patients may require assisted insulin injections. This review also summarizes key strategies/recommendations to prevent NSIs in HCWs and patients with diabetes in the APAC region.
Institutional Trust and Media Use in Times of Cultural Backlash: A Cross-National Study in Nine European Countries
Authors: Verboord Marc , Janssen Susanne , Kristensen Nete Nørgaard , Marquart Franziska
Published: July 2023

The paper contributes to the study of institutional trust by making a connection to “cultural backlash” theory and analyzing more recent forms of news consumption. We examine how trust in politics, media, and science is shaped by “cultural backlash” and media use in nine European countries. We employ representative survey data collected in 2021 in Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, the Netherlands, Serbia, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom as part of a large European research project. The results suggest that both exogenous (or “cultural”) and endogenous (or “institutional”) dimensions of cultural backlash matter for explaining institutional trust. Trust benefits from progressive–liberal values and less ideological extremism, but is hindered by discontentment with societal developments and political disengagement. Using public television is positively, and social media negatively associated with trust. While we find distinctions across institutions, there is huge consistency across countries.