bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production of certified reference materials for the sports doping control of the REV‐ERB agonist SR9009
Authors: Davies Stephen R. , Chan Benjamin K.H. , Moawad Michael , Garrett Taylor R. , Brooker Lance , Chakrabarty Rima
Published: August 2018

Two human metabolites of the REV‐ERB agonist SR9009, identified by researchers with an interest in sports doping control, have been synthesized and assessed for purity. The synthesis employed was a modification of published procedures for the parent SR9009, careful attention to the purification of intermediates and the final product ensuring materials of the highest purity were available for certification. For each candidate material impurities of related structure were identified and quantified as a relative mass fraction using high performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet (HPLC–UV) detection and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. The quantification of water, occluded solvent, and inorganic residue was assessed using Karl Fischer, 1H NMR, and thermogravimetric analysis, thereby completing the assessment of all impurities typically characterized by the mass balance approach. Summation and subtraction from 1000 mg/g afforded the mass fraction of the main component, the associated uncertainty ensuring certified reference material status can be applied to the resulting pure substance calibration standards. The availability of these standards to the sports doping control community will facilitate delivery of metrological traceability to the SI unit for mass (kg) to routine testing results and aid method development for the detection and quantification of SR9009 abuse.
Expression patterns of Rbm24 in lens, nasal epithelium, and inner ear during mouse embryonic development
Authors: Grifone Raphaëlle , Saquet Audrey , Xu Zhigang , Shi De‐Li
Published: August 2018

Background: RNA‐binding proteins plays critical roles in several post‐transcriptional regulatory processes. The RNA‐binding protein, Rbm24, has been shown to be involved in the development of the heart and skeletal muscles by regulating different post‐transcriptional processes such as splicing and stabilization of specific target mRNAs. Here, by performing a detailed expression and localization analysis in mice embryos, we show that Rbm24 protein is not only expressed in heart and skeletal muscles as previously reported, but it is also strongly and specifically detected in specific regions of all the head sensory organs during mouse development. Results: Rbm24 expression is indeed found to be activated in the lens, in the sensory olfactory epithelium and in mechanosensory cells of the auditory and vestibular systems. Within these territories, Rbm24 is shown to be restricted to distinct subdomains, potentially regulating cell specificity and proliferation. Moreover, Rbm24 protein is found to be restricted to the cytoplasmic compartment in all these organs, thus providing clues to the posttranscriptional activity that it may exert in these cells. Conclusions: Altogether, these results highlight that Rbm24 may potentially function as a novel key regulator for the development of the eye, nasal epithelium, and inner ear in vertebrates. Developmental Dynamics 247:1160‐1169, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A chemotactic model of trunk neural crest cell migration
Authors: Dyson Louise , Holmes Alexander , Li Ang , Kulesa Paul M.
Published: August 2018

Trunk neural crest cells follow a common ventral migratory pathway but are distributed into two distinct locations to form discrete sympathetic and dorsal root ganglia along the vertebrate axis. Although fluorescent cell labeling and time‐lapse studies have recorded complex trunk neural crest cell migratory behaviors, the signals that underlie this dynamic patterning remain unclear. The absence of molecular information has led to a number of mechanistic hypotheses for trunk neural crest cell migration. Here, we review recent data in support of three distinct mechanisms of trunk neural crest cell migration and develop and simulate a computational model based on chemotactic signaling. We show that by integrating the timing and spatial location of multiple chemotactic signals, trunk neural crest cells may be accurately positioned into two distinct targets that correspond to the sympathetic and dorsal root ganglia. In doing so, we honor the contributions of Wilhelm His to his identification of the neural crest and extend the observations of His and others to better understand a complex question in neural crest cell biology.
Using person‐specific neural networks to characterize heterogeneity in eating disorders: Illustrative links between emotional eating and ovarian hormones
Authors: Beltz Adriene M. , Moser Jason S. , Zhu David C. , Burt S. Alexandra , Klump Kelly L.
Published: August 2018

Objective

Emotional eating has been linked to ovarian hormone functioning, but no studies to‐date have considered the role of brain function. This knowledge gap may stem from methodological challenges: Data are heterogeneous, violating assumptions of homogeneity made by between‐subjects analyses. The primary aim of this paper is to describe an innovative within‐subjects analysis that models heterogeneity and has potential for filling knowledge gaps in eating disorder research. We illustrate its utility in an application to pilot neuroimaging, hormone, and emotional eating data across the menstrual cycle.

Method

Group iterative multiple model estimation (GIMME) is a person‐specific network approach for estimating sample‐, subgroup‐, and individual‐level connections between brain regions. To illustrate its potential for eating disorder research, we apply it to pilot data from 10 female twins (N = 5 pairs) discordant for emotional eating and/or anxiety, who provided two resting state fMRI scans and hormone assays. We then demonstrate how the multimodal data can be linked in multilevel models.

Results

GIMME generated person‐specific neural networks that contained connections common across the sample, shared between co‐twins, and unique to individuals. Illustrative analyses revealed positive relations between hormones and default mode connectivity strength for control twins, but no relations for their co‐twins who engage in emotional eating or who had anxiety.

Discussion

This paper showcases the value of person‐specific neuroimaging network analysis and its multimodal associations in the study of heterogeneous biopsychosocial phenomena, such as eating behavior.
The 2010–2015 Megadrought and its influence on the fire regime in central and south‐central Chile
Authors: González Mauro E. , Gómez‐González Susana , Lara Antonio , Garreaud René , Díaz‐Hormazábal Ignacio
Published: August 2018

Forest fire activity has increased in recent years in central and south‐central Chile. Drought conditions have been associated with the increase of large wildfires, area burned and longer fire seasons. This study examines the influence of drought on fire regimes and discusses landscape management opportunities to decrease fire hazard. Specifically, we investigate the effect of the 2010–2015 Megadrought (MD) compared to 1990–2009 period on fire activity (fire‐season length, number of fires and burned area across months, fire sizes, regions and vegetation cover types, simultaneity, and duration of fires) in central and south‐central Chile (32°–39° S), using contemporary fire statistics derived from the Chilean Forest Service. For large fire events (>200 ha) the average season length increased by 67 d (44%), comparing 2010–2015 to 1990–2009. Earlier and later ignition dates resulted in extended fire seasons in MD years. During the MD, the number, area burned, simultaneity, and duration of large fires increased significantly compared to the control period, including the unprecedented occurrence of large fires during winter. The burned area in large fires increased in all vegetation types, during the MD compared to the control period, especially in the exotic plantation cover type. The regions that were most affected by fire (i.e., total area burned) during the MD were Maule, Bío‐Bío, and Araucanía (35–39° S) that concentrate >75% of forest plantations in Chile. Although both maximum temperatures and precipitation are drivers of fire activity, a simple attribution analysis indicates that the sustained rainfall deficit during 2010–2015 was the most critical factor in the enhanced fire activity. Future climate change predictions indicate more recurrent, intense, and temporally extended droughts for central and south‐central Chile. Under this scenario, land‐use planning and fire and forest management strategies must promote a more diverse and less flammable landscape mosaic limiting high load, homogenous, and continuous exotic plantations.
Fertilization success in scallop aggregations: reconciling model predictions and field measurements of density effects
Authors: Bayer S. R. , Wahle R. A. , Brady D. C. , Jumars P. A. , Stokesbury K. D. E. , Carey J. D.
Published: August 2018

Through sperm limitation, population density can be a critical variable in fertilization success of marine broadcast spawners. The broadcast‐spawning sea scallop Placopecten magellanicus is a commercially important species that has rebounded in population abundance within fishing closures imposed on Georges Bank (GB) and in the Mid‐Atlantic (MA). Using video surveys, we tested whether closure increased population density, degree of aggregation and body size of sea scallops. Population densities and shell heights (SHs) were consistently higher in closed areas, significantly so in the MA. Shell height was significantly greater in all closed areas. Influence of area closure on degree of aggregation was less consistent. Using observed spatial patterns of adult scallops on GB and MA and classic steady‐state sperm‐plume models, we modeled expected fertilization success for two spawning populations with a 10‐fold difference in adult density. To test model calculations, we measured fertilization success of manipulated scallop populations of these two densities over the 2012 spawning season in the Damariscotta River tidal estuary in mid‐coast Maine. Contrary to predictions, our field experiments revealed no strong effects of population density on fertilization success. We did see significant spatial autocorrelation in adult scallop abundance, however, suggesting greater aggregation at low population densities within several days of high fertilization success on our recorded peak spawning date. Small‐scale behavioral adaptation that reduces nearest‐neighbor distances at low population sizes may ameliorate the effect of low mean density on fertilization success. Given the exponential relationship between SH and gonad mass, the greater average SH in fishing closures on GB and the MA imply that these regions may be particularly valuable by producing substantially more larvae per capita than areas open to fishing. Positive impact of high density on fertilization success predicted by fertilization models was not borne out, however, in our field trials over a 10‐fold density difference. We observed higher‐than‐predicted fertilization success in our low‐density treatment, which may be an encouraging sign that the reproductive performance of broadcast‐spawning scallops at low mean densities could be greater than expected possibly due to aggregation behavior.
Local differentiation in tree growth responses to climate
Authors: Canham Charles D. , Murphy Lora , Riemann Rachel , McCullough Richard , Burrill Elizabeth
Published: August 2018

Many temperate tree species have extraordinarily broad distributions along gradients of temperature and precipitation. But it is not clear in most species whether this reflects very broad tolerance of climate conditions, or a high degree of genetic differentiation or phenotypic acclimation in their responses to local climate. Provenance trials and common garden experiments indicate that at least some tree species of the temperate forests of eastern North America show genetic differentiation in growth as a function of climate, although these studies have been largely limited to measurements on growth of seedlings and saplings. To test for evidence of either adaptation or acclimation in adult response to local climatic conditions, we used data from over 23,000 tree cores collected by the U.S. Forest Inventory and Analysis program in the 1980s for 14 tree species distributed in states from Maine to Ohio. We tested a suite of alternate models for interannual variation in radial growth as a function of (1) tree age, (2) size, (3) temperature, and (4) precipitation. The models included climate variables from both the current and previous year. The alternate models allowed us to test whether growth was best predicted from absolute values of the climate variables, or from deviation of current or previous year climate from long‐term average at the location of an individual tree core. In all 14 species, models that used deviation from local, long‐term mean climate were superior, indicating that all 14 species showed strong adaptation or acclimation to local climate. In most of the species, growth was highest in years that were cooler and wetter than long‐term average at a location. The analysis does not allow us to distinguish between genetic differentiation and phenotypic acclimation responses. If the results are genetically based, trees within a given location could be much more sensitive to climate change than indicated by the very broad geographic distributions of these temperate tree species, but if the results are phenotypic, this would represent local acclimation that could help buffer species in the face of climate change.
Sex‐specific seasonal variation in puma and snow leopard home range utilization
Authors: Johansson Örjan , Koehler Gary , Rauset Geir Rune , Samelius Gustaf , Andrén Henrik , Mishra Charudutt , Lhagvasuren Purevjav , McCarthy Tom , Low Matthew
Published: August 2018

Territory size is often larger for males than for females in species without biparental care. For large solitary carnivores, this is explained by males encompassing a set of female territories to monopolize their reproduction during mating (area maximization). However, males are expected to behave more like females outside of breeding, with their area utilization being dependent on the range required to secure food resources (area minimization). To examine how male and female solitary carnivores adjust their spatial organization during the year as key resources (mates and prey) change, we radio‐collared 17 pumas (Puma concolor; nine males and eight females) and 14 snow leopards (Panthera uncia; seven males and seven females) and estimated home range size and overlap on two temporal scales (annual vs. monthly). Contrary to expectation, we found no evidence that males monopolized females (the mean territory overlap between females and the focal male during the mating season was 0.28 and 0.64 in pumas and snow leopards, respectively). Although male–male overlap of annual home ranges was comparatively high (snow leopards [0.21] vs. pumas [0.11]), monthly home range overlaps were small (snow leopards [0.02] vs. pumas [0.08]) suggesting strong territoriality. In pumas, both males and females reduced their monthly home ranges in winter, and at the same time, prey distribution was clumped and mating activity increased. In snow leopards, females showed little variation in seasonal home range size, following the seasonal stability in their primary prey. However, male snow leopards reduced their monthly home range utilization in the mating season. In line with other studies, our results suggest that female seasonal home range variation is largely explained by changes in food resource distribution. However, contrary to expectations, male territories did not generally encompass those of females, and males reduced their home ranges during mating. Our results show that male and female territorial boundaries tend to intersect in these species, and hint at the operation of female choice and male mate guarding within these mating systems.
Direct and indirect effects of interspecific competition in a highly partitioned guild of reef fishes
Authors: Eurich Jacob G. , McCormick Mark I. , Jones Geoffrey P.
Published: August 2018

Competitive interactions and resource partitioning facilitate species coexistence in complex ecosystems. However, while pairwise interactions between ecologically similar species have been well studied, multi‐species competitive networks have received less attention. When interference competition between two species results in partitioning of resources, this may have indirect consequences for other species distributed along the same resource gradient. Here, we tested whether interference competition between two territorial damselfish influenced the fine‐scale species distributions of five other territorial damselfish in Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea. These species partition habitat across three reef zones—the flat, crest, and slope, with distinct patterns of distribution within these zones. We predicted the two species with similar distributions and microhabitat use, Pomacentrus adelus and Pomacentrus bankanensis, would display the greatest level of aggression toward one another. This was tested through an intruder experiment where stimulus fish were introduced into a resident's territory, which confirmed disproportionately high levels of interspecific aggression between these two species. We also predicted that the fine‐scale differences in the distribution of each species were maintained through multi‐species interference competition among neighboring species, with further indirect effects on species that did not directly interact. To test this, we conducted a large‐scale (22 × 10 m) experimental removal of the most abundant species, Po. adelus, and quantified the abundance and distribution of all territorial damselfish species for 6 months to a 25 cm resolution. The main direct competitor, Po. bankanensis, exhibited a marked increase in abundance and expanded its distribution (+1.33 m) to acquire the space previously occupied by Po. adelus. This competitive release triggered indirect effects on the distribution of other neighboring species further back on the reef flat, with Chrysiptera unimaculata moving into the zone formerly occupied by Po. bankanensis. This study indicates that the distinct distribution patterns among the reef crest species are linked to levels of interspecific agonistic behavior. We argue that the competitive release following the removal of a superior competitor resulted in both direct and indirect effects, with the immediate neighbor shifting into the newly available space, followed by successive shifts in species responding to the change in the distributions of their immediate neighbors.
Prairie dogs and wildfires shape vegetation structure in a sagebrush grassland more than does rest from ungulate grazing
Authors: Connell L. C. , Scasta J. D. , Porensky L. M.
Published: August 2018

Understanding drivers of vegetation structure has direct implications for wildlife conservation and livestock management, but the relative importance of multiple disturbances interacting within the same system to shape vegetation structure remains unclear. We investigated the separate and interactive effects of multiple disturbance drivers on vegetation structure through a three‐tiered, large‐scale manipulative experiment in northeast Wyoming,USA. We used nested grazing exclosures to isolate the effects of herbivory from livestock, wild ungulates, or small mammals within areas affected by either historical wildfire, black‐tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies, or neither disturbance. We analyzed the interactive effects of disturbance history and contemporary herbivory by either small mammals alone, small mammals + native ungulates, or small mammals + native ungulates + livestock on vegetation structure by quantifying vegetation height, visual obstruction, shrub density, shrub canopy, and shrub leader growth. The exclusion of wild ungulates and lightly to moderately stocked livestock for two years did not significantly affect herbaceous vegetation structure, shrub density, or shrub canopy cover. Maximum vegetation height, visual obstruction, and heights of grasses and forbs were ~50% lower on black‐tailed prairie dog colonies than in undisturbed areas. Prairie dog colonies contained 71% lower shrub densities than undisturbed sites. Sites with wildfire or black‐tailed prairie dogs had 89% lower canopy cover of shrubs and Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentatassp.wyomingensis), when compared to undisturbed sites. Shrub leaders experienced over 4.5 times more browsing on prairie dog colonies, when compared to undisturbed areas. For most metrics, disturbance history did not modify the effects of contemporary herbivory on vegetation structure. However, shrubs on prairie dog colonies experienced significantly more leader browsing in the combined presence of livestock, native ungulates, and small mammals than in treatments where livestock were excluded. Our research has direct implications for wildlife conservation and rangeland management by demonstrating that short‐term (1–2 yr) rest from large ungulate grazing may not substantially alter vegetation structure in this system. Instead, structural variation is strongly driven by black‐tailed prairie dog colonization and historical wildfire. Understanding and managing multiple, potentially interacting disturbances is critical for maximizing wildlife conservation and livestock production in heterogeneous landscapes.
Electrochemical detection based on nanomaterials in CE and microfluidic systems
Authors: Sierra Tania , Crevillen Agustin G. , Escarpa Alberto
Published: August 2018

Electrochemical detection has a great potential in microfluidic systems due to its easy miniaturization without losing analytical performance. In addition, the use of nanomaterials in electroanalysis improves sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility. The topic of this review is the use of nanomaterials (nanoparticles, nanotubes, graphene) in electrochemical detection for capillary electrophoresis and microfluidic systems (microchips and paper based analytical devices). This review covers from 2015 up to now and it is a continuation of our previous review, also published in Electrophoresis journal. The following aspects of the surveyed articles are mainly addressed: type of nanomaterial, protocol of working electrode preparation (composite, drop casting and others), advantages of nanomaterial employment and application field (clinical, food, environmental and home security). The use of nanomaterials is still an interesting approach to improve the analytical performance of electrochemical detection based on microfluidic devices. Along the review, readers will find new protocols for working electrode modification, new carbon nanomaterials and promising applications in the aforementioned fields.
Seismic retrofitting of braced frame buildings by RC rocking walls and viscous dampers
Authors: Barbagallo Francesca , Bosco Melina , Marino Edoardo M. , Rossi Pier Paolo
Published: August 2018

A design procedure for seismic retrofitting of concentrically and eccentrically braced frame buildings is proposed and validated in this paper. Rocking walls are added to the existing system to ensure an almost uniform distribution of the interstorey displacement in elevation. To achieve direct and efficient control over the seismic performance, the design procedure is founded on the displacement‐based approach and makes use of overdamped elastic response spectra. The top displacement capacity of the building is evaluated based on a rigid lateral deformed configuration of the structure and on the ductility capacity of the dissipative members of the braced frames. The equivalent viscous damping ratio of the braced structure with rocking walls is calculated based on semi‐empirical relationships specifically calibrated in this paper for concentrically and eccentrically braced frames. If the equivalent viscous damping ratio of the structure is lower than the required equivalent viscous damping ratio, viscous dampers are added and arranged between the rocking walls and adjacent reaction columns. The design internal forces of the rocking walls are evaluated considering the contributions of more than one mode of vibration. The proposed design procedure is applied to a large set of archetype braced frame buildings and its effectiveness verified by nonlinear dynamic analysis.
A numerical coupling scheme for nonlinear time history analysis of buildings on a regional scale considering site‐city interaction effects
Authors: Lu Xinzheng , Tian Yuan , Wang Gang , Huang Duruo
Published: August 2018

Seismic damage simulation of buildings on a regional scale is important for loss estimation and disaster mitigation of cities. However, the interaction among densely distributed buildings in a city and the site, ie, the “site‐city interaction (SCI) effects,” is often neglected in most regional simulations. Yet, many studies have found that the SCI effects are very important in regional simulations containing a large number of tall buildings and underground structures. Therefore, this work proposed a numerical coupling scheme for nonlinear time history analysis of buildings on a regional scale considering the SCI effects. In this study, multiple‐degree‐of‐freedom models are used to represent different buildings above the ground, while an open source spectral element program, SPEED, is used for simulating wave propagation in underlying soil layers. The proposed numerical scheme is firstly validated through a shaking table test. Then, a detailed discussion on the SCI effects in a 3D basin is performed. Finally, a nonlinear time history analysis of buildings on a regional scale is performed using the Tsinghua University campus in Beijing as a case study. The Tsinghua University campus case results show that the SCI effects will reduce the seismic responses of most buildings. However, some buildings will suffer much more severe damage when the SCI effects are considered, which may depend on the input motions, site characteristics, and building configurations.
Particle transport in gravel‐bed rivers: Revisiting passive tracer data
Authors: Vázquez‐Tarrío Daniel , Recking Alain , Liébault Frédéric , Tal Michal , Menéndez‐Duarte Rosana
Published: August 2018

Data from tracer experiments were compiled and analysed in order to explore the role of geomorphological, hydrological and sedimentological constraints on fluvial gravel transport in gravel‐bed rivers. A large data set from 217 transport episodes of tagged stones were compiled from 33 scientific papers. Our analyses showed that while magnitude of peak discharge is a major control on gravel transport and mobility, tracer travel distances show some scale dependence on the morphological configuration of the channel. Our results also highlight differences in the way tracers are displaced between step–pool and riffle and pool channels. The riffle–pool sequence seems to be a more efficient trap for travelling gravels than the step–pool pair. In addition, in step–pool channels there are clear differences in tracer transport between observations of first displacements after tracer seeding (unconstrained‐stone conditions), and second and subsequent observations of tracer displacements (constrained‐stone conditions). The comparison between tracer experiments under constrained conditions and those under unconstrained conditions also highlights the importance of bed state and structures in gravel mobility. The results of this study confirm that sediment transport in gravel‐bed rivers is a complex process, whereby sedimentological and geomorphological controls are superimposed on the hydraulic forcing. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Delta size and plant patchiness as controls on channel network organization in experimental deltas
Authors: Piliouras Anastasia , Kim Wonsuck
Published: August 2018

Understanding the feedbacks between water, sediment, and vegetation in deltas is an important part of understanding deltas as ecomorphodynamic systems. We conducted a set of laboratory experiments using alfalfa (Medicago sativa) as a proxy for delta vegetation to investigate: (1) the effects of plants on delta growth and channel network formation; and (2) the timescales controlling delta evolution in the presence of plants. Experiments were conducted with fluctuating discharge (i.e. flood and base flow periods) and variable seeding densities. We found that when deltas were small, channels had no memory across flood cycles, as floods could completely fill the incised channel network. When deltas were large, the larger channel volume could remain underfilled to keep channel memory. Plant patches also helped to increase the number of channels and make a more distributive network. Patchiness increased over time to continually aid in bifurcation, but as vegetation cover and patch sizes increased, patches began to merge. Larger patches blocked the flow to enhance topset deposition and channel filling, even for the case of large deltas with a high channel volume. We conclude that both plant patchiness and delta size affect the development of the channel network, and we hypothesize that their influences are manifested through two competing timescales. The first timescale, Tv, defines the time when the delta is large enough for channels to have memory (i.e. remain underfilled), and the second, Tp, defines the time when vegetation patches merge, amplifying deposition and blocking channels. When run time is between these two timescales, the delta can develop a persistent distributary network of channels aided by bifurcation around plant patches, but once Tp is reached, the channel network can again be destroyed by vegetation. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling eBay price using stochastic differential equations
Authors: Liu Wei Wei , Liu Yan , Chan Ngai Hang
Published: August 2018

Online auctions have become increasingly popular in recent years. There is a growing body of research on this topic, whereas modeling online auction price curves constitutes one of the most interesting problems. Most research treats price curves as deterministic functions, which ignores the random effects of external and internal factors. To account for the randomness, a more realistic model using stochastic differential equations is proposed in this paper. The online auction price is modeled by a stochastic differential equation in which the deterministic part is equivalent to the second‐order differential equation model proposed in Wang et al. (Journal of the American Statistical Association, 2008, 103, 1100–1118). The model also includes a component representing the measurement errors. Explicit expressions for the likelihood function are also obtained, from which statistical inference can be conducted. Forecast accuracy of the proposed model is compared with the ODE (ordinary differential equation) approach. Simulation results show that the proposed model performs better.
Age of theYongxin Audeposit in theLesser Xing'an Range: Implications for anEarly Cretaceousgeodynamic setting for gold mineralization inNE China
Authors: Zhao Zhong‐Hai , Sun Jing‐Gui , Li Guang‐Hui , Xu Wen‐Xi , Lü Chang‐Lu , Wu Song , Guo Yan , Ren Liang , Hu Zhong‐Xu
Published: August 2018

The newly discovered Yongxin Au deposit in the Lesser Xing'an Range of north‐eastern Heilongjiang Province, NE China, has a resource of ~20 t with a grade of 4.1 g/t Au. The deposit is hosted by Carboniferous syenogranite and mylonite, and Cretaceous diorite porphyry and granite porphyry. The syenogranite has a LA‐ICP‐MS206Pb/238U zircon age of 316 ± 2 Ma, and both the granite porphyry and diorite porphyry yield an age of 119 ± 1 Ma. The Rb–Sr isochron age of Au‐bearing pyrite from hydrothermal breccia‐type ore is 107 ± 4 Ma, and this is interpreted as the mineralization age of the Yongxin deposit. In combination with published geochronological data, we argue that epithermal Au mineralization in NE China formed during the period ca. 124 to 107 Ma and was produced during rollback of Palaeo‐Pacific oceanic slab. The Cretaceous epithermal Au deposits are distributed in the Erguna Massif, Lesser Xing'an Range, Zhangguangcai Range, and Jiamusi and Nadanhada terranes. In combination with the coeval porphyry Mo deposits present in these areas, we propose that the Erguna Massif, Lesser Xing'an Range, north‐eastern Great Xing'an Range, and eastern Jiamusi and Nadanhada terranes, where only epithermal gold deposits were discovered up to date, might be prospective for concealed porphyry Cu or Mo deposits.
NAMPT signaling is critical for the proangiogenic activity of tumor‐associated neutrophils
Authors: Pylaeva Ekaterina , Harati Mozhgan Dehghan , Spyra Ilona , Bordbari Sharareh , Strachan Sarah , Thakur Basant Kumar , Höing Benedikt , Franklin Cindy , Skokowa Julia , Welte Karl , Schadendorf Dirk , Bankfalvi Agnes , Brandau Sven , Lang Stephan , Jablonska Jadwiga
Published: August 2018

Tumor‐associated neutrophils (TANs) regulate many processes associated with tumor progression, and depending on the microenvironment, they can exhibit pro‐ or antitumor functions. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating their tumorigenicity are not clear. Using transplantable tumor models, we showed here that nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), a molecule involved in CSF3R downstream signaling, is essential for tumorigenic conversion of TANs and their pro‐angiogenic switch. As a result tumor vascularization and growth are strongly supported by these cells. Inhibition of NAMPT in TANs leads to their antitumor conversion. Adoptive transfer of such TANs into B16F10‐tumor bearing mice attenuates tumor angiogenesis and growth. Of note, we observe that the regulation of NAMPT signaling in TANs, and its effect on the neutrophil tumorigenicity, are analogous in mice and human. NAMPT is up‐regulated in TANs from melanoma and head‐and‐neck tumor patients, and its expression positively correlates with tumor stage. Mechanistically, we found that targeting of NAMPT suppresses neutrophil tumorigenicity by inhibiting SIRT1 signaling, thereby blocking transcription of pro‐angiogenic genes. Based on these results, we propose that NAMPT regulatory axis is important for neutrophils to activate angiogenic switch during early stages of tumorigenesis. Thus, identification of NAMPT as the critical molecule priming protumor functions of neutrophils provides not only mechanistic insight into the regulation of neutrophil tumorigenicity, but also identifies a potential pathway that may be targeted therapeutically in neutrophils. This, in turn, may be utilized as a novel mode of cancer immunotherapy.
Circulating inflammatory markers and colorectal cancer risk: A prospective case‐cohort study in Japan
Authors: Song Minkyo , Sasazuki Shizuka , Camargo M. Constanza , Shimazu Taichi , Charvat Hadrien , Yamaji Taiki , Sawada Norie , Kemp Troy J. , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Hildesheim Allan , Pinto Ligia A. , Rabkin Charles S. , Tsugane Shoichiro
Published: August 2018

Blood levels of inflammation‐related markers may reveal molecular pathways contributing to carcinogenesis. To date, prospective associations with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk have been based on few studies with limited sets of analytes. We conducted a case‐cohort study within the Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study Cohort II, comparing 457 incident CRC cases during median 18 years follow‐up with a random subcohort of 774 individuals. Baseline plasma levels of 62 cytokines, soluble receptors, acute‐phase proteins, and growth factor markers were measured using Luminex bead‐based assays. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) associating each marker with CRC risk by Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for potential confounders. Subanalyses compared cases by years after blood draw (<5 vs. ≥5) and anatomical subsite (colon vs. rectum). Linear trends in quantiles of four C‐C motif ligand (CCL) chemokines, one C‐X‐C motif ligand (CXCL) chemokine, and a soluble receptor were nominally associated with CRC risk based on ptrend < 0.05, but none met false discovery rate corrected statistical significance. HRs for the 4th vs. 1st quartile were: 1.69 for CCL2/MCP1, 1.61 for soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2, 1.39 for CCL15/MIP1D, 1.35 for CCL27/CTACK, 0.70 for CXCL6/GCP2 and 0.61 for CCL3/MIP1A. Among cases diagnosed 5+ years after enrollment, CCL2/MCP1, CCL3/MIP1A and CXCL6/GCP2 retained nominal statistical significance. There were no significant differences in associations between colon and rectum. Our findings implicate chemokine alterations in colorectal carcinogenesis, but require replication for confirmation. Noninvasive chemokine assays may have potential application in colorectal cancer screening and etiologic research.
Colposcopic biopsy findings among women with either HPV‐16 only or HPV‐18 only who have normal cervical cytology
Authors: Yalcin Ibrahim , Sari Mustafa E. , Sahin Hanifi , Gultekin Murat , Gungor Tayfun , Meydanli Mehmet M.
Published: August 2018

Objective

To compare colposcopic biopsy results among women with normal cervical cytology who had positive test results for either HPV‐16 only or HPV‐18 only.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted at Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, between July 1, 2015, and October 31, 2017. Colposcopic biopsy results were compared among women in the HPV‐16 only (n=185) and HPV‐18 only (n=43) groups.

Results

Women who had HPV‐16 only were more likely to be smokers than women with HPV‐18 only (P=0.003). By contrast, women with HPV‐18 only were more likely to be aged at least 45 years than women who had HPV‐16 only (P=0.038). High‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions were detected more frequently in the HPV‐16 only group (51 [27.6%]) than in the HPV‐18 only group (4 [9.3%]; P=0.010). By contrast, no between‐group difference was found for the rate of invasive cervical cancer, which was detected in 1 (0.5%) woman in the HPV‐16 only group and 1 (2.3%) woman in HPV‐18 only group (P=0.342).

Conclusion

Although the risk of high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions was increased among women with HPV‐16 only, this finding did not influence the rate of invasive cervical cancer when compared with women in the HPV‐18 only group.
Impact of interval from primary cytoreductive surgery to initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Lee Yoo‐Young , Lee Jeong‐Won , Lu Lin , Xu Wei , Kollara Alexandra , Brown Theodore , Heo Eun‐Jin , May Taymaa
Published: August 2018

Objective

To determine the optimal timing of adjuvant chemotherapy after primary cytoreductive surgery for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.

Methods

In a retrospective cohort analysis, data were assessed from women with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma treated at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada between 2002 and 2012, and at Samsung Medical Centre, Seoul, Korea, between 2002 and 2015. The treatment interval was defined as the time period between primary cytoreductive surgery and the first cycle of adjuvant chemotherapy.

Results

Overall, 711 women met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 247 (34.7%) had optimal cytoreduction (residual 1–9 mm), 229 (32.2%) had microscopic residual disease (0 mm), and 235 (33.1%) had suboptimal cytoreduction (≥10 mm). The median time of treatment interval was 10 days (range 3–86 days). In the optimal (1–9 mm) group, a longer treatment interval was significantly associated with poor overall survival (hazard ratio 1.02, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.03; P=0.001) in multivariate analysis. Treatment interval was not associated with a significant difference in overall survival in the microscopic or suboptimal residual disease groups.

Conclusion

Overall survival might be negatively affected by longer treatment intervals among women with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma.
Postpartum physical intimate partner violence among women in rural Zambia
Authors: Munro‐Kramer Michelle L. , Scott Nancy , Boyd Carol J. , Veliz Philip T. , Murray Sarah M. , Musonda Gertrude , Lori Jody R.
Published: August 2018

Objective

To examine the demographic characteristics and mental health of women in rural Zambia who experienced physical intimate partner violence (IPV) postpartum.

Methods

The present secondary analysis was conducted using baseline data from an impact evaluation of a maternity waiting home intervention in rural Zambia. A quantitative household survey was conducted over 6 weeks, from mid‐April to late May, 2016, at 40 rural health facility catchment areas among 2381 postpartum women (13 months after delivery; age ≥15 years).

Results

A total of 192 (8.1%) women reported experiencing any type of physical IPV in the preceding 2 weeks; 126 had experienced severe physical IPV (had been kicked, dragged, beat, and/or choked by a husband or partner). High levels of depression were recorded for 174 (7.3%) women in the preceding 2 weeks. Being a female head of household was associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing severe physical IPV (aOR 2.64, 95% CI 1.70–4.10). Women with high depression scores were also at an increased risk of experiencing any physical IPV (aOR 17.1, 95% CI 8.44–34.9) and severe physical IPV (aOR 15.4, 95% CI 5.17–45.9).

Conclusion

Future work should consider the implications of government and educational policies that could impact the screening and treatment of pregnant women affected by all forms of physical IPV and depression in rural Zambia.
HANDBOOK OF ATTACHMENT, THIRD EDITION: THEORY, RESEARCH, AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONSJudeCassidy and Phillip R.Shaver (Eds.), New York: Guilford Press, 2016, 1,068 pp., ISBN 978‐1‐4625‐2529‐4
Authors: Negrini Lisa S.
Published: August 2018

Jude Cassidy and Phillip R. Shaver's third edition of the Handbook of Attachment has emerged and set a new bar for formative texts on pivotal issues related to the field of attachment. This state‐of‐the‐science reference on attachment eloquently intertwines attachment theory, research, and clinical applications, giving us innovative conceptualizations and perspectives on both implications for clinical advancement and directions for future research. This handbook moves basic research findings quickly into the realm of clinical and community applications, providing the field with new information about intervention procedures and outcomes while setting the stage for theoretical advancement. New chapters reflect the way we think about the interweaving of attachment, development, and infant mental health research and application. From the authors’ opening “Overview of Attachment” to the summary overview and evaluation of the field, “The Place of Attachment in Development” by attachment‐research pioneer L. Alan Sroufe, this third edition broadly delivers the most significant and important information that the field has on attachment. Researchers, clinicians, and professionals will benefit from this handbook as it presents with the most up‐to‐date, innovative, and thorough presentation of attachment theory.
Biomineralization improves mechanical and osteogenic properties of multilayer‐modified PLGA porous scaffolds
Authors: Kong Junchao , Wei Bo , Groth Thomas , Chen Zhuming , Li Lihua , He Dongning , Huang Rui , Chu Jiaqi , Zhao Mingyan
Published: August 2018

Poly‐(lactide‐co‐glycolide acid) (PLGA) has been widely investigated as scaffold material for bone tissue engineering owing to its biosafety, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. However, the bioinert surface of PLGA may fail in regulating cellular behavior and directing osteointegration between the scaffold and the host tissue. In this article, oxidized chondroitin sulfate (oCS) and type I collagen (Col I) were assembled onto PLGA surface via layer by layer technique (LbL) as an adhesive coating for the attachment of inorganic minerals. The multilayer‐modified PLGA scaffold was mineralized in vitro to ensure the deposition of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP). It was found that nHAP crystals were more uniformly and firmly attached on the multilayer‐modified PLGA as compared with the pure PLGA scaffold, which remarkably improved PLGA surface and mechanical properties. Additionally, in vitro biocompatibility of PLGA scaffold, in terms of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) attachment, spreading and proliferation was greatly enhanced by nHAP coating and multilayer deposition. Furthermore, the fabricated composite scaffold also shows the ability to promote the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through the up‐regulation of osteogenic marker genes. Thus, this novel biomimetic composite scaffold might achieve a desirable therapeutic result for bone tissue regeneration. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2714–2725, 2018.
The efficacy of curcuminoids in improvement of ulcerative colitis symptoms and patients’ self‐reported well‐being: A randomized double‐blind controlled trial
Authors: Masoodi Mohsen , Mahdiabadi Mohammad Ali , Mokhtare Marjan , Agah Sharam , Kashani Amir Hossein Faghihi , Rezadoost Amir Mansoor , Sabzikarian Mohammad , Talebi Atefeh , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: August 2018

Background

Curcuminoids are polyphenols with documented anti‐inflammatory activity and has been shown to improve the symptoms of several inflammatory diseases. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a nanoformulation of curcuminoids in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.

Methods

This randomized double‐blinded controlled trial was conducted on 56 patients aged 18 years or older with the final diagnosis of mild to moderate ulcerative colitis according to the Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI). The patients were randomly assigned (using a computerized random sampling table) to receive curcuminoids nanomicelles (80 mg, three times daily, orally) plus mesalamine (3 g/24 hours, orally) as the treatment group and placebo plus mesalamine (3 g/24 hours, orally) as the control group for a period of four weeks. The severity of disease was assessed at baseline and at the end of the second and fourth weeks of the treatment according to the SCCAI.

Results

The score for urgency of defecation reduced significantly more in case group as compared with control group at four weeks after beginning the treatment. The patients in case group experienced better general condition than the control ones after 4 weeks of treatment. Overall, the mean SCCAI score was significantly lower in the patients received curcuminoids nanomicelles plus mesalamine as compared with the group received placebo plus mesalamine at fourth week after the treatment (1.71 ± 1.84 vs 2.68 ± 2.09, p = 0.050).

Conclusion

Adding curcuminoids nanomicelles to routine treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis is associated with a significant improvement of symptoms, including reduced frequency of urgent defecation, improved patients’ self‐reported well‐being and reduced clinical activity of ulcerative colitis. ClinicalTrials. “IRCT2017052634142N1”.