bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can Emotion Dysregulation Explain the Association Between Attachment Insecurities and Teen Dating Violence Perpetration?
Authors: Théorêt Valérie , Lapierre Andréanne , Blais Martin , Hébert Martine
Published: April 2020

Attachment theory provides important insight regarding the etiology of teen dating violence perpetration (TDV-P). Attachment insecurities have been associated with TDV-P, but the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. Furthermore, as of now, studies have failed to explore whether the relation between attachment insecurities and TDV-P varied according to its forms (i.e., psychological, physical or sexual) or to the perpetrator’s gender. This study aimed to investigate if emotion dysregulation mediates the association between attachment insecurities and different forms of TDV-P among girls and boys. Adolescents ( Mage = 16 years; n = 3,214; 60% girls) were recruited from a one-stage stratified cluster sample of 34 high schools in Quebec, Canada. Path analyses with probit regression models were conducted separately for girls and boys. Attachment anxiety and avoidance were associated with more emotion dysregulation. Emotion dysregulation was, in turn, associated with higher probabilities of physical TDV-P in girls and psychological TDV-P in girls and boys. Surprisingly, emotion dysregulation was not associated with sexual TDV-P. Attachment anxiety remained directly related to higher probabilities of perpetrating all forms of TDV. These findings support the hypotheses set forth by attachment theory and highlight the utility of this theory to understand and potentially prevent TDV-P. Practitioners should more specifically address adolescents’ attachment anxiety, as it seems more related to TDV-P. Finally, this study underscores the necessity of considering gender and specific forms of TDV-P to understand the association between attachment insecurities, emotion dysregulation, and TDV-P.
Proving nothing and illustrating much: The case of Michael Balint
Authors: Bar-Haim Shaul
Published: April 2020

John Forrester’s book Thinking in Cases does not provide one ultimate definition of what it means to ‘think in cases’, but rather several alternatives: a ‘style of reasoning’ (Hacking), ‘paradigms’ or ‘exemplars’ (Kuhn), and ‘language games’ (Wittgenstein), to mention only a few. But for Forrester, the stories behind each of the figures who suggested these different models for thinking (in cases) are as important as the models themselves. In other words, the question for Forrester is not only what ‘thinking in cases’ is, but also who might be considered a ‘thinker in cases’. Who could serve as a case study for such a thinker? The major candidates that Forrester considers in his book to be ‘thinkers in cases’ are Kuhn, Foucault, Freud, and Winnicott. In what follows, I will argue that one name is missing from this list, as well as from Forrester’s book more generally: Michael Balint. This name is missing not only because Balint was a great ‘thinker in cases’, but also because we have some reasons to believe that Forrester himself thought so and wished to add him to the list. Forrester, I will argue, found in Balint an exemplar for a thinker in cases that combined elements from Winnicott’s psychoanalytic theory and Foucault’s philosophy of the case-based sciences.
Simulating aeroelastic response of a self-sustained oscillating rigid airfoil using a boundary oscillation method
Authors: Araghizadeh MS , Djavareshkian MH , Rezaeepazhand J
Published: April 2020

The present study presents a new nonlinear unsteady aerodynamic model to investigate the aeroelastic behavior of a self-sustained oscillating rigid airfoil. Here the unsteady Euler equations are considered simulating inviscid compressible transonic flow over an oscillating airfoil. In regard to providing boundedness criteria, a high-order technique based on a normalized variable diagram scheme has been presented. Since using dynamic mesh for simulating flow over a dynamic airfoil is too complex and requires many computational efforts, the current paper proposes a nonorthogonal and static mesh with oscillation of flow boundary. The results are compared with both well-validated numerical methods and experimental data. A time-marching method is employed to determine system responses. The predicted flutter boundary for NACA0012 airfoil at different free-stream Mach numbers is in fair agreement with direct flutter tools of the Hopf bifurcation points. Finally, the influences of the center of mass and elastic axis position on the system aeroelastic behavior are examined.
Bilingualism Affords No General Cognitive Advantages: A Population Study of Executive Function in 11,000 People
Authors: Nichols Emily S. , Wild Conor J. , Stojanoski Bobby , Battista Michael E. , Owen Adrian M.
Published: April 2020

Whether acquiring a second language affords any general advantages to executive function has been a matter of fierce scientific debate for decades. If being bilingual does have benefits over and above the broader social, employment, and lifestyle gains that are available to speakers of a second language, then it should manifest as a cognitive advantage in the general population of bilinguals. We assessed 11,041 participants on a broad battery of 12 executive tasks whose functional and neural properties have been well described. Bilinguals showed an advantage over monolinguals on only one test (whereas monolinguals performed better on four tests), and these effects all disappeared when the groups were matched to remove potentially confounding factors. In any case, the size of the positive bilingual effect in the unmatched groups was so small that it would likely have a negligible impact on the cognitive performance of any individual.
The Role of LncRNA H19 in MAPK Signaling Pathway Implicated in the Progression of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Mo Wenhui , Li Yi , Chang Weijie , Luo Yaoming , Mai Bingbin , Zhou Jie
Published: April 2020

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), also known as neonatal chronic lung disease, is an important cause of respiratory illness in preterm newborns that results in significant morbidity and mortality. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been discovered with many biological functions. However, the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of BPD remains poorly understood. Here, we established a mouse lung injury model that mimicked human BPD. Subsequently, we found the lncRNA H19 expression level was significantly increased in BPD compared with normal lung tissues using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Next, we observed that overexpression of lncRNA H19 enhanced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. In addition, we also found that dysfunction of lncRNA H19 altered the expression of inflammatory factors. Thus, our study validates that lncRNA H19 contributes to the progression of BPD by regulating MAPK signaling pathway, which could be used as a potential target for treating BPD.
Acromioplasty rates in patients with shoulder disorders with and without acupuncture treatment: a retrospective propensity score–matched cohort study
Authors: Yang Gujin , Jung Boyoung , Kim Me-riong , Koh Wonil , Kim Namkwen , Lee Eun-Kyoung , Ha In-Hyuk
Published: April 2020

Objective:

This retrospective propensity score–matched cohort study aimed to examine the frequency of acromioplasty among patients with shoulder disorders receiving and not receiving acupuncture, based on Korea National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) data.

Methods:

We included cases of high-frequency shoulder disorders—adhesive capsulitis, rotator cuff syndrome, shoulder impingement syndrome, and sprain and strain of the shoulder joint—stratified from the Korea NHIS-NSC database between 2002 and 2013; cases were classified into two groups based on a history of acupuncture treatment performed at least twice within 6 weeks (acupuncture group: n = 111,561; control group: n = 71,340). We examined propensity scores and hazard ratios (HRs) for the frequency of acromioplasty, within 2 years of the first treatment or first examination in the acupuncture and control groups, respectively; cumulative survival rates were estimated using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.

Results:

Following propensity score matching, no differences were observed between the acupuncture and control groups for variables including sex, age, income and the Charlson comorbidity index. In addition, the incidence rates of acromioplasty within 2 years were lower in the acupuncture group than in the control group (HR 0.264; 95% confidence interval 0.224–0.311). Based on differences in sensitivity analyses for the numbers of acupuncture sessions and treatment duration, the frequency of acromioplasty within 2 years was lower in the acupuncture group than in the control group.

Conclusion:

This study found that the frequency of acromioplasty was reduced in patients with shoulder disorders who had been treated with acupuncture. Although the findings need to be verified by prospective randomized clinical trials, these results imply that acupuncture may be effective at reducing the incidence rate of shoulder surgery.
Towards a more integrated primary issuance market for securities in the EU: Legal and policy issues
Authors: Athanassiou Phoebus
Published: April 2020

In the wake of the second decade of the 21st Century, European securities markets remain fragmented along national borders in terms of the rules, procedures and practices that regulated markets in different Member States apply for the primary issuance and distribution of transferable securities. This paper explores how the creation of a European Central Securities Depository for the primary issuance and distribution of securities across the European Union could help overcome fragmentation in the primary issuance market. We conclude that, even if desirable, the creation of a European Central Securities Depository could only achieve its objectives in combination with the introduction of a de minimis body of European private securities law to complement and render its creation meaningful and effective. It is the introduction of precisely such a body of law that would represent the most significant (even if only indirect) contribution of a European Central Securities Depository towards more harmonisation in primary issuance processes across the European Union.
Utility of a PCR-based method for rapid and specific detection of toxigenic Microcystis spp. in farm ponds
Authors: Yuan Jian , Kim Hyun-Joong , Filstrup Christopher T. , Guo Baoqing , Imerman Paula , Ensley Steve , Yoon Kyoung-Jin
Published: April 2020

Microcystis is a widespread freshwater cyanobacterium that can produce microcystin, a potent hepatotoxin harmful to animals and humans. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor for the presence of toxigenic Microcystis spp. to provide early warning of potential microcystin contamination. Microscopy, which has been used traditionally to identify Microcystis spp., cannot differentiate toxigenic from non-toxigenic Microcystis. We developed a PCR-based method to detect toxigenic Microcystis spp. based on detection of the microcystin synthetase C ( mcyC) gene and 16S rRNA gene. Specificity was validated against toxic and nontoxic M. aeruginosa strains, as well as 4 intergeneric freshwater cyanobacterial strains. Analytical sensitivity was as low as 747 fg/µL genomic DNA (or 3 cells/µL) for toxic M. aeruginosa. Furthermore, we tested 60 water samples from 4 farm ponds providing drinking water to swine facilities in the midwestern United States using this method. Although all water samples were positive for Microcystis spp. (i.e., 16S rRNA gene), toxigenic Microcystis spp. were detected in only 34 samples (57%). Seventeen water samples contained microcystin (0.1–9.1 μg/L) determined with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, of which 14 samples (82%) were positive for mcyC. A significant correlation was found between the presence of toxigenic Microcystis spp. and microcystin in water samples ( p = 0.0004). Our PCR method can be a low-cost molecular tool for rapid and specific identification of toxigenic Microcystis spp. in farm ponds, improving detection of microcystin contamination, and ensuring water safety for farm animals.
Science Communication Meets Consumer Relations: An Analysis of Twitter Use by 23andMe
Authors: Lee Nicole M. , Abitbol Alan , VanDyke Matthew S.
Published: April 2020

For-profit organizations play a considerable role in the dissemination of scientific research and information. In the case of direct-to-consumer genetic testing, this is important because how consumers learn about genetic science can influence health decisions and support for science. Through a content analysis of Twitter posts ( N = 1,000), this study examined how 23andMe balances traditional promotion, communicating product benefits, and sharing scientific research. Results indicated that about half of all posts share science news but sharing science has declined over time. Far fewer posts communicate about the products or their benefits, but these posts garner more retweets and replies.
Association of DEAR1 Tagging Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms With Breast Cancer in a Sample of Colombian Population: A Case Control Study
Authors: Beltrán Angela P , Benitez Edgar , Rondon Martin , Ariza Yeimy V , Aristizabal Fabio A , Briceño Ignacio
Published: April 2020

Purpose:

Ubiquitin ligase genes can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. They play a role in various diseases, including development and progression of breast cancer; the objective of this study was to evaluate the association of common variants in the ductal-epithelium-associated RING chromosome 1 ( DEAR1) gene with breast cancer risk in a sample of Colombian population.

Methods:

We carried out a case-control study to investigate associations of variants in DEAR1 with breast cancer in women from Colombia. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs584298, rs2927970, rs59983645, and rs599167 were genotyped in 1022 breast cancer cases and 1023 healthy controls using the iPLEX® and Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (polymerase chain reaction) (KASP) method. The associations between SNPs and breast cancer were examined by conditional logistic regression. The associations between SNPs and epidemiological/histopathological variables were examined by multinomial logistic regression.

Results:

Associations were found between tag SNPs and breast cancer adjusted for the epidemiological risk factors rs584298 genotypes AG and GG ( P = .048 and P = .004, respectively). The analysis of the disease characteristics showed that SNP rs584298 (genotype AG) ( P = .015) shows association with progesterone receptor (PR) status and (genotype AA) ( P = .048) shows association with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status.

Conclusions:

The SNP rs584298 in DEAR1 showed associations with breast cancer and the expression of HER2 receptor; when this receptor is amplified, the result is aggressive tumoral subtype and expression of PR receptor that is associated with high-proliferative tumor grade. Validation of this SNP is important to establish whether this variant or the tagged variant is the cause for the risk association showed.
Determinants of Sanitation and Hygiene Status Among Food Establishments in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Girmay Aderajew Mekonnen , Gari Sirak Robele , Mengistie Alemu Bezatu , Evans Martin R , Gebremariam Azage Gebreyohannes
Published: April 2020

Introduction:

Despite advancements in food science and technology, foodborne disease remains one of the major public health problems. Poor sanitation and hygiene conditions of food establishments are the major causes for the occurrence of foodborne disease. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate core determinants of sanitation and hygiene status among food establishments.

Methods:

Institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Addis Ababa city. A stratified random sampling technique was deployed to select 413 study participants. Data were collected through interview and using observational checklist. Sample size was determined by using a single population proportion formula. To analyze the data, binary logistic regression and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted. In all analysis, P-value less than .05 were considered statistically significant.

Results:

The study revealed that 57.4% of the food establishments were under poor sanitation status. In the multivariable analysis, presence of trained managers on hygiene and sanitation (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 6.10 with 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.41-15.45), presence of renewed licenses (AOR = 3.07 with 95% CI: 1.18-7.99), absence of bureaucratic function to obtain permission to renew the food establishment buildings (AOR = 2.43 with 95% CI: 1.25-4.70), and presence of at least 10-m distance between toilet and kitchen (AOR = 9.19, at 95% CI: 5.63-15.02) were associated significantly with sanitation and hygiene status.

Conclusions:

Above average of the food establishments were found to be in poor sanitation and hygiene state. Many core determinant factors that influence sanitation and hygienic status of food establishments were identified. The researchers suggest that formal training on sanitation and hygiene for managers of food establishments should be provided to reduce the occurrence of foodborne diseases. Moreover, strong food and water safety policy and strategy should be promulgated to improve sanitation and hygiene status of food establishments.
Summarizing the Evidence Base for Palliative Oncology Care: A Critical Evaluation of the Meta-analyses
Authors: Rogers James L , Perry Laura M , Hoerger Michael
Published: April 2020

Background:

Palliative care is a specialized approach to symptom management that focuses on supporting patients’ physical and psychological quality of life throughout the disease course. In oncology, palliative care has been increasing in utilization. The evidence base for such care is also growing through the use of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). In this review, we aim to integrate the findings from 4 meta-analyses of palliative oncology care RCTs to examine the impact of palliative care on physical and psychological quality of life and survival.

Method:

We considered 4 meta-analyses of palliative oncology care RCTs, which each used slightly different methodologies and analyses. Two of the meta-analyses included both outpatient and inpatient populations, whereas the remaining meta-analyses focused specifically on outpatient palliative oncology care.

Results:

All 4 meta-analyses reported a robust quality of life advantage for patients randomized to receive palliative care. Two meta-analyses identified a survival advantage, whereas the other 2 detected no survival differences. In 1 meta-analysis that examined high-quality RCTs of outpatient palliative oncology care, it was found that an increased survival probability for palliative care, compared with standard of care, was confined to 6- to 18-month follow-up.

Conclusions:

There is a growing evidence base for palliative oncology care, as highlighted by the 4 meta-analyses considered. Such care successfully improves both physical and psychological quality of life for patients with serious illnesses, especially cancer. Clinicians should educate patients and their caregivers about the findings of these meta-analyses. Finally, governmental policies should focus on increasing palliative care access.
Informal sport and curriculum futures: An investigation of the knowledge, skills and understandings for participation and the possibilities for physical education
Authors: O’Connor Justen , Penney Dawn
Published: April 2020

Internationally, patterns of participation in sport are changing, with so-called ‘informal’ participation displacing club-based and other formally structured involvement in sport. This paper reports research that is investigating changing forms of participation from an educational perspective. It directs attention to what physical education can learn from informal sport and how physical education can align pedagogically with contemporary participation trends, to help grow and sustain young people’s engagement in sport beyond schools. The paper presents findings from two sequential elements of an ongoing research project. The first is a systematic review of literature pertaining to informal participation that examined the skills, knowledge and understanding central to participation that occurs outside of traditional sport structures. Findings from this review highlight that social skills, cultural understandings, and knowledge relating to environment, alongside movement skills, are important in enabling participants to become engaged in, and maintain their involvement in, informal participation. The second element of the research involved documentary analysis to examine the alignment of contemporary curricula, and specifically, the Australian Curriculum Health and Physical Education (AC HPE), with the learning identified as important for informal participation. Findings illustrate clear opportunities for the AC HPE to bring to the fore knowledge, skills and understandings that may extend young people’s engagement with informal participation through their lives. The discussion addresses key issues for policy makers, teachers and teacher educators to consider in the light of this research, if they are to leverage the opportunities for teaching and learning that informal sport presents.
Feeling good about feeling bad: virtuous virtual reality and the automation of racial empathy
Authors: Nakamura Lisa
Published: April 2020

Virtual reality (VR)’s newly virtuous identity as the ‘ultimate empathy machine’ arrives during an overtly xenophobic, racist, misogynist, and Islamophobic moment in the US and abroad. Its rise also overlaps with the digital industries’ attempts to defend themselves against increasingly vocal critique. VR’s new identity as an anti-racist and anti-sexist technology that engineers the right kind of feeling has emerged to counter and manage the image of the digital industries as unfeeling and rapacious. In this article, the author engages with VR titles created by white and European producers that represent the lives of black and Middle Eastern women and girls in Lebanon, Nairobi, and Paris. She argues that the invasion of personal and private space that documentary VR titles ‘for good’ create is a spurious or ‘toxic empathy’ that enables white viewers to feel that they have experienced authentic empathy for these others, and this digitally mediated compassion is problematically represented in multiple media texts as itself a form of political activism.
Empathy for the game master: how virtual reality creates empathy for those seen to be creating VR
Authors: Roquet Paul
Published: April 2020

This article rethinks the notion of virtual reality (VR) as an ‘empathy machine’ by examining how VR directs emotional identification not toward the subjects of particular VR titles, but toward VR developers themselves. Tracing how both positive and negative empathy circulates around characters in one of the most influential VR fictions of the 2010s, the light novel series-turned-anime series Sword Art Online (2009–), as well as the real-life figure of Palmer Luckey, creator of the Oculus Rift headset that launched the most recent VR revival, the author shows how empathetic identification ultimately tends to target the VR game master, the head architect of the VR world. These figures often already inhabit a socially privileged position. A better understanding of how VR channels empathy towards VR creators points to the need to ensure a broader range of people have opportunities to take up the role of VR game master for themselves.
Further Evidence Breastfeeding by Women With Epilepsy Is Safe: Are Mothers Getting the Message?
Authors: Noe Katherine
Published: April 2020

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A Review of the Concept of Authenticity in Heritage, with Particular Reference to Historic Houses
Authors: Wood Barbara
Published: April 2020

The term “authenticity” is invoked frequently in heritage and related fields including tourism studies and philosophy. Setting the debate within a wider context of academia and heritage practice, this article explores the concept and takes the specific situation of historic houses to question what the meaning of the term may be and to test whether it has value. It considers who defines authenticity and discusses how it may be recognized in different contexts. It summarizes forms which have previously been defined, but it also brings together the often entirely separate debate of academics and the experience of practitioners. Recognizing that the term is employed across material culture, buildings, and places, it also explores the authenticity of experience, considering if, or how, engagement with heritage as curators, researchers, or visitors is authentic. Ultimately, it questions whether such a nebulous concept can ever be fixed or permanent and proposes instead that it should be recognized as a changing idea, dependent on situation and context, valuable perhaps primarily to those who also seek to define it.
Assessing the implementation of Cleaner Production and company sizes: Survey in textile companies
Authors: Oliveira Neto Geraldo Cardoso de , Tucci Henrricco Nieves Pujol , Correia José Manuel Ferreira , da Silva Paulo Cesar , da Silva Victor Hugo Carlquist , Ganga Gilberto Miller Devós
Published: April 2020

The adoption of Cleaner Production (CP) consists in taking preventive actions of one or more Cleaner Production practices; the most common are the reduction of emissions, efficient use of water, energy, and reuse of waste. This research identified in the literature 31 Cleaner Production practices and, through a survey in multinational textile industries and verified by specialists, was identified and evaluated the level of implementation of each Cleaner Production practices and link them to small, medium and large companies, so, this was the aim of this research. This study used statistical test analysis of variance. The main results were that small companies are motivated to implement Cleaner Production practices solely to reduce costs, and some small companies do not even know the concept of Cleaner Production. Medium-sized companies receive pressures to implement Cleaner Production practices to develop an environmental management system and participate in the competitive exportation market. In addition, ultimately, large companies have levels of implementation of the Cleaner Production practices significantly higher than small- and medium-sized enterprises due to the need to continually invest in their brand to increase market share. Efficient use of water is a Cleaner Production practice adopted by large- and medium-sized companies. These results enable business executives to perform benchmarking using levels of implementation of Cleaner Production practices according to the company size.
Numerical study of rainstorm influence on parachute airdropping based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics/arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian coupling method
Authors: Yan Linbo , Sun Zhengkai , Cheng Han
Published: April 2020

In order to study the influence of rainstorm on parachute dropping, the smoothed particle hydrodynamics/arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian coupling method is proposed. Finite elements are used to describe the continuous material such as fabric and air flow field, and the smoothed particle hydrodynamics particles are used to describe the discrete raindrops. The coupling between different fluid and structure is realized by penalty function. In order to distinguish the most influential factor of rainstorm environment on parachute, the effects of raindrop field and wind field in rainstorm are studied, respectively. It could be found that the raindrop fields with different droplet sizes have little effect on the parachute’s shape, opening shock, and performance according to the comparative analysis, while the vertical wind field has a great influence on parachute’s deceleration performance. The wind field, not the raindrop field, is the most important factor affecting the parachute’s deceleration performance. The method and conclusions in this article could provide some references for parachute design.
Plasma Proteins as Biomarkers of Mortality After Total Body Irradiation in Mice
Authors: Fu Hanjiang , Xue Yong , Su Fei , Ding Kexin , Wang Yuan , Yu Haiyue , Zhu Jie , Li Qing , Ge Changhui , Zheng Xiaofei
Published: April 2020

During large-scale acute radiation exposure, rapidly distinguishing exposed individuals from nonexposed individuals is necessary. Identifying those exposed to high and potentially lethal radiation doses, and in need of immediate treatment, is especially important. To address this and find plasma biomarkers to assess ionizing radiation-induced mortality in the early stages, mice were administered a whole-body lethal dose of γ radiation, and radiation-induced damage was evaluated. Multiple blood biomarkers were screened using an antibody array, followed by validation using enzyme-linked immunoassay. The results revealed that irradiation (IR)-induced mortality in mice and caused body weight and blood platelet losses in deceased mice compared to surviving mice. The levels of certain proteins differed after IR between these 2 groups. Specific proteins in preirradiated mice were also found to potentiate radiosensitivity. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-22, urokinase, resistin, and IL-6 were associated with radiation-induced mortality in irradiated mice and may be useful as potential mortality predictors. Our results suggest that estimating the levels of certain plasma proteins is a promising alternative to conventional cytogenetic biodosimetry to accurately identify individuals exposed to high radiation doses and those at risk of death due to exposure. This strategy would facilitate the rapid triage of individuals requiring immediate and intensive medical treatment.
Target tracking control of underactuated autonomous underwater vehicle based on adaptive nonsingular terminal sliding mode control
Authors: Cao Jian , Sun Yushan , Zhang Guocheng , Jiao Wenlong , Wang Xiangbin , Liu Zhaohang
Published: April 2020

This article addresses the design of adaptive target tracking control for an underactuated autonomous underwater vehicle subject to uncertain dynamics and external disturbances induced by ocean current. Firstly, based on the line-of-sight method, the moving target tracking guidance strategy is designed, and the target tracking reference speed and reference angular velocity are given. According to the obtained reference speed and reference angular velocities, the reference control quantity is differentiated and filtered based on dynamic surface control. The target tracking controller is designed based on radial basis function neural network and nonsingular terminal sliding mode control and adaptive techniques. Lyapunov stability principle is utilized to ensure the asymptotic stability of the target tracking controller. Simulation of target tracking is carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
An ethical engagement: creative practice research, the academy and professional codes of conduct
Authors: MacNeill Kate , Bolt Barbara , Barrett Estelle , McPherson Megan , Sierra Marie , Miller Sarah , Ednie-Brown Pia , Wilson Carole
Published: April 2020

This paper reports on the experiences of creative practice graduate researchers and academic staff as they seek to comply with the requirements of the Australian National Statement on the Ethical Conduct of Research Involving Humans. The research was conducted over a two-year period (2015 to 2017) as part of a wider project ‘iDARE – Developing New Approaches to Ethics and Research Integrity Training through Challenges Presented by Creative Practice Research’. The research identified the appreciation of ethics that the participants acquired through their experience of institutional research ethics procedures at their university. It also revealed a disjunction between the concepts of ethics acquired through meeting institutional research ethics requirements, the notion of ethics that many researchers adopt in their own professional creative practice and the contents of professional codes of conduct. A key finding of the research was that to prepare creative practice graduates for ethical decision-making in their professional lives, research ethics training in universities should be broadened to encompass a variety of contexts and enable researchers to develop skills in ethical know-how.
A convenient synthesis of N-tert-butyl amides by the reaction of di-tert-butyl dicarbonate and nitriles catalyzed by Cu(OTf)2
Authors: Yang Wanfeng , Feng Chengliang , Tang Yuqi , Ji Min , Chen Junqing
Published: April 2020

The utility of Cu(OTf)2 as the catalyst for the synthesis of a series of N- tert-butyl amides in excellent isolated yields via the reaction of nitriles (alkyl, aryl, benzyl, and furyl nitriles) with di- tert-butyl dicarbonate is described. Cu(OTf)2 is a highly stable and efficient catalyst for the present Ritter reaction under solvent-free conditions at room temperature.
Regioselective synthesis of benzonitriles via amino-catalyzed [3+3] benzannulation reaction
Authors: Jiang Lin , Jin Wen-Fei , Yu Liu-Dong , Yuan Ming-Wei , Li Hong-Li , Jiang Deng-Bang , Yuan Ming-Long
Published: April 2020

A straightforward synthesis of benzonitriles is achieved via amino-catalyzed [3+3] benzannulation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and 4-arylsulfonyl-2-butenenitriles. Using pyrrolidine as an organocatalyst via iminium activation, a series of substituted benzonitriles were obtained in good to high yields in a regioselective manner. This reaction can proceed smoothly under mild reaction conditions and without the aid of any metals, additional oxidants, or strong bases, thus making this an efficient and environmentally friendly method to access benzonitriles.
Reconstructive microsurgery in upper limb reconstruction: 30 years’ experience of a single surgeon
Authors: Valentin Georgescu Alexandru
Published: April 2020

The reconstruction of compound tissue defects in upper extremity injuries often represents a challenge. The goal of reconstruction is to obtain not only a good cosmetic result, but also the best possible function. Microsurgery highly contributes to the management of upper limb simple or complex defects by offering a large number of surgical possibilities. Due to advances in understanding of blood supply to tissues and microsurgical techniques in the last 50 years, microsurgeons have renounced more and more to the use of traditional flaps in favour of the more reliable perforator flaps. This article presents the experience of a single surgeon performing post-traumatic upper limb reconstructive microsurgery over the last 30 years.
Surveillance Aircraft and the Borders of Schengen
Authors: Novotný Vít
Published: April 2020

There is a widespread perception that the development of surveillance technologies in border management is antagonistic to civil liberties. This article attempts to contribute to a better understanding of the need for new technological means to survey the EU’s external border. Contrary to the critics, it contends that there is no liberty without security. It argues that the so-called militarisation of the EU’s borders is a precondition for countering the dangers which threaten our liberties. These dangers include organised cross-border crime, illegal migration and incursions by hostile powers. The article also demonstrates that the use of border surveillance aircraft contributes to saving lives at the EU’s external border and that the use of modern technologies generates record trails which make it easier to track potential human rights abuses committed by border guards. To manage migration, facilitate legitimate commerce, monitor for illegal waste dumping and guarantee the undisturbed functioning of our institutions, improved border management with the help of modern technologies is a necessity.
Inhibitory Effects of Furanocoumarins From the Roots of Angelica dahurica on Ionizing Radiation-Induced Migration of A549 Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Lee Sang Hoon , Han Ah-Reum , Kang Unwoo , Kim Jin-Baek , Seo Eun Kyoung , Jung Chan-Hun
Published: April 2020

Radiation therapy is a very effective tool for the treatment of advanced human lung cancers. However, as one of its malignancy-promoting behaviors, ionizing radiation (IR) increases cell migration and radiation resistance in several lung cancer cells, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. As part of our ongoing search for potent radiotherapy enhancers from medicinal herbs, a chloroform-soluble fraction of the roots of Angelica dahurica was subjected to phytochemical investigation, leading to the isolation of 8 furanocoumarins. Of these, psoralen (1), xanthotoxin (2), and bergapten (3) inhibited IR-induced migration at a non-cytotoxic concentration (50 μM) in human NSCLC A549 cells. This study is the first to report on the inhibitory activities of these constituents of A. dahurica against IR-induced cancer metastasis.
Contractual safeguarding of specific assets in cross-border and domestic buyer–supplier relationships
Authors: Mwesiumo Deodat , Buvik Arnt , Andersen Otto
Published: April 2020

Safeguarding specific investments and mitigation of potential opportunistic behaviours are among the most prominent functions of formal contracting in buyer–seller relationships. Extending the extant literature, the present study investigates the relationship between specific investments and the extent of formal contracting in cross-border and domestic relationships. Based on a sample of 156 buyer–seller relationships, the analysis shows that there is a positive association between specific investments and the extent of formal contracting. However, the emphasis on formal contracting is stronger in cross-border relationships than in the domestic ones. Interestingly, the association between specific investments and formal contracting becomes even stronger in cross-border relationships.
Political investors: Political elite oligarchy and mastery of regional resources in Indonesia
Authors: Hidayaturrahman Mohammad , Ngarawula Bonaventura , Sadhana Kridawati
Published: April 2020

The political investors in the regional head election in Indonesia are an interesting phenomenon to be studied, as not all candidates for regional head, whether governors, regents, or mayors, have the capital to financially support their candidacy. Meanwhile, the nomination fee from has been increasing. For instance, in one of the regencies in Indonesia, the cost has reached 30 billion rupiah. This provides opportunities for regional head candidates to be financed by other people or business groups, known as political investors. This research was conducted to determine the extended role of political investors in regional head elections. This descriptive qualitative research collected data through in-depth interviews and observations as well as online and paper documents. The results showed that political investors play an essential role in enabling regional head candidates to win, and that they in turn benefited from the elections.
The Relationship Between L2 Phonological Processing and Early Musical Training in Adult Bilinguals
Authors: Liang Angela , Taft Marcus
Published: April 2020

Bilinguals who speak English as their second-learnt (L2), yet dominant language from a young age, have been previously shown to experience difficulties in adulthood when dealing with spoken English (i.e., phonological processing) compared to native monolinguals. The present study investigated whether the processing disadvantage in this group of bilinguals could be modulated by engagement in early musical training, a practice that, like phonological processing, requires the complex manipulation of sounds. To this end, performance on three English auditory processing tasks (phoneme deletion, spelling-to-dictation, and auditory comprehension) was measured in early L2-dominant bilingual and native English monolingual adults who had or had never received early musical training. The processing difficulties that were detected in bilingual adults without musical training were completely absent in those who had received formal musical training as children, such that performance was matched with their monolingual counterparts. The results indicate that early musical training has the potential to be an effective long-term intervention for individuals who experience weakness in phonological processing.
Suprapubic Liposuction With a Modified Devine’s Technique for Buried Penis Release in Adults
Authors: Zhang Peiyang , Wang Baicheng , Zhang Xiaowei , Song Ziqi , Bai Wenjun , Li Qing , Xu Tao
Published: April 2020

Background:

With the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity, adult-acquired buried penis is more common in recent years. Many surgical techniques have been reported. However, none is the gold standard.

Objective:

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of combining suprapubic liposuction and modified Devine’s technique for penile lengthening in adult patients with buried penis due to obesity

Methods:

From September 2015 to June 2018, 26 consecutive suitable patients (mean age: 33 ± 5.7 years, mean body mass index: 29 ± 5.4 kg/m2) with a buried penis received suprapubic liposuction and modified Devine’s technique for penis release in our medical centre. A retrospective study was conducted. Their penile length from tip to the skin (flaccid) was measured pre- and post-operatively. The amount of liposuction was also recorded accordingly.

Results:

The mean length of the follow-up on the 26 patients is 18 ± 7.1 months (range 3-33 months). The average amount of liposuction is 450 ± 90.2 mL. The average penile length measured preoperatively, post-operatively (on table), and 3 months after the operation is 2.9 ± 1.3, 7.4 ± 2.1, and 5.3 ± 1.8 cm, respectively. The post-operative penile length had significantly increased by 4.5 ± 1.6 cm (on table) and 2.4 ± 0.7 cm (3 months post-operation) with a P value <.05. No patient had difficulties in sexual intercourse or urination post-operatively. None of the patients were dissatisfied with their surgical outcomes.

Conclusions:

The combination of suprapubic liposuction and modified Devine’s technique is a safe and effective method for releasing the buried penis of adults with satisfying outcomes.
The influence of tibiofemoral joint forces on patient-reported outcome measurements after bicruciate stabilized total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Kaneko Takao , Kono Norihiko , Mochizuki Yuta , Hada Masaru , Toyoda Shinya , Ikegami Hiroyasu , Musha Yoshiro
Published: April 2020

Objective:

Insall advocated that a successful clinical outcome of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) depends on soft tissue balance procedure. Spacer blocks, balancer, and instrumented tibial sensor (VERESENSE, OrthoSensor, Dania, Florida, USA) are the current methods of soft tissue balancing during TKA. The purpose of the study is to assess intraoperative medial and lateral tibiofemoral compressive force (TFCF) using novel insert sensor and investigate the relationship between TFCF and patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs).

Methods:

Twenty-five patients who underwent bicruciate stabilized (BCS) TKA were evaluated retrospectively. We measured intraoperative medial and lateral TFCF in neutral position as well as the force ratio (FR %:medial TFCF/medial + lateral TFCF) in varus and valgus position using the novel insert sensor throughout the range of motion (ROM) and assessed the relationship between intraoperative medial and lateral TFCF and PROM at 6 months after TKA.

Results:

Medial TFCF increased and lateral TFCF decreased throughout ROM. The mean FR was 0.44% ± 0.22 throughout ROM. Medial and lateral TFCF differences at 60° of ROM in neutral position showed a positive correlation with physical function in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities scores ( r = 0.60, p < 0.05). Medial and lateral TFCF differences at 30° and 140° of ROM in valgus stress test showed a positive correlation with symptoms in 2011 Knee Society Scores ( r = 0.49, p < 0.05; r = 0.51, p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The present study revealed that BCS TKA reproduces the coronal laxity, which is similar to healthy knee. These results suggest that intraoperative medial stability is important for function and symptoms, therefore, surgeons should not release medial soft tissue for achieving better clinical outcomes after BCS TKA.

Level of Evidence:

II
Knotless Anchor Fixation for Transosseous Meniscal Root Repair Using Suture Tape Is Inferior Compared With Button or Screw Fixation: A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Robinson James R. , Hernandez Bruno Agostinho , Taylor Clare , Gill Harinderjit S.
Published: April 2020

Background:

A 2 mm–wide ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) tape improves the contact pressure at root repair sites compared with high-strength suture and provides a stronger repair construct. UHMWPE tape is commonly used in rotator cuff repair, and fixation is often achieved with knotless suture anchors. The optimal method for tape fixation for meniscal root repair has not been established.

Hypothesis:

The use of suture anchors for the tibial fixation of 2-mm UHMWPE tape transosseous root repairs will lead to better biomechanical performance compared with other fixation methods.

Methods:

The medial meniscal posterior root attachment in 25 porcine knees was divided, and a standardized transtibial root repair was performed using 2-mm UHMWPE tape. The testing was performed by cyclic loading followed by load to failure. Tibial fixation was randomized to 5 tibial fixation types: (1) cortical fixation button, (2) pound-in suture anchor with screw-down interference suture locking, (3) tap-in suture anchor with inner locking plug, (4) postscrew, and (5) postscrew and washer.

Results:

There was no difference in displacement during cyclic loading between tibial fixation groups except for a highly significant difference in the maximum load at failure. Repairs in both suture anchor fixation groups all failed by tape slippage at relatively low loads (median, 145 and 116 N, respectively). Repairs tied over a cortical button, postscrew, or screw and washer failed by tape breakage at loads of 431, 405, and 528 N.

Conclusion:

For meniscal root repairs with 2-mm UHMWPE tape, use of suture anchors offers weaker fixation compared with tying over a button or postscrew/washer. While suture anchor fixation may be adequate for nonweightbearing postoperative protocols, it may not allow for more accelerated weightbearing.
Effect of sinusoidal leg cycling exercise period on brachial artery blood flow dynamics in humans
Authors: Miura Kohei , Kashima Hideaki , Oue Anna , Kondo Ayaka , Watanabe Sachiko , Endo Masako Y. , Fukuba Yoshiyuki
Published: April 2020

Purpose

To quantify the dynamics of blood flow in brachial artery (BF-BA) in response to sinusoidal work rate (WR) leg cycling exercises of 2-, 4-, and 6-min periods and to examine their relationship with the forearm skin blood flow (SBF).

Methods

Seven healthy young male subjects performed upright leg ergometer exercise with a constant WR (mean sinusoidal WR) for 30 min followed by sinusoidal WR exercise of three different periods (number of repetitions): 2 min (7), 4 min (4), and 6 min (3). The WR fluctuated from 20 W to a peak WR corresponding to 60% peak oxygen uptake (VO2). We continuously measured pulmonary gas exchange, heart rate (HR), blood velocity and cross-sectional area of BA, and forearm SBF and sweating rate (SR).

Results

All variables were followed by the sinusoidal WR. The phases of the variables for gas exchange and central circulation, such as VO2and HR with WR forcing were similar (e.g., phase shift (θ) in HR [°]: 2 min, 60 ± 7; 4 min, 45 ± 10; 6 min, 37 ± 8; mean ± SD) to previous study results, that is, a longer period showed a shorterθand larger amplitude of responses. Contrarily, the BF-BA response showed anti-phase (approximately 180°) regardless of the period, whereas theθof forearm SBF and SR were similar to gas exchange and central circulation.

Conclusions

Inactive limb BF-BA during sinusoidal leg cycling exercise was out of phase relative to the regulation of O2-delivery to active muscles and thermoregulation. The response of BF-BA seems to not always reflect the response of forearm SBF in the downstream area.