bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Countering Social Exclusion among Disadvantaged Urban Youth: Fostering Aspirations and Skills through Temporary Leadership-Positions in Norway
Authors: Merete Solvang Ida
Published: February 2025

Lowering high-school drop-out rates is regarded as a significant challenge in Western countries, as high levels of drop-out create problems both for the individuals affected and for society at large. Dynamics that may contribute to increased drop-out rates are heightened in communities with a prevalence of young people with low socio-economic status, yet the potential benefits of enhancement of strategic skills as a preventative measure directed at youth from disadvantaged communities have received scant attention. This chapter draws on a community-based policy scheme that provided leadership experience for youth from a disadvantaged community by hiring them to fill temporary job vacancies and employing them as leaders. Data are drawn from focus-group interviews with youth aged 13–19 who participated in the 2022 scheme. The data suggest that the acquisition of leadership skills through this temporary vacancy scheme holds the potential to counteract individual ramifications of social exclusion conducive to drop-out. Acquired skills included counteracting destructive group behavior and promoting inclusionary group dynamics. Participants also gained skills in decision-making, completion of tasks, and gaining and maintaining formalized authority. Such learning processes hold the potential to increase self-efficacy, to develop personal agency and support advantageous post-school transitions.
Perspective Chapter: Globalization and Social Policy – National and Supranational Responses to Poverty and Social Exclusion
Authors: Pantazopoulos Stavros
Published: February 2025

The complex interplay between globalization and social policy forms the foundation of contemporary debates in the social sciences. As economic and political landscapes become increasingly interconnected, traditional mechanisms of social policy, once confined to national borders, now operate within a broader global context. This study examines how globalization influences the formulation and effectiveness of social policy, emphasizing the adaptation of policy frameworks to address global challenges. The research highlights the growing impact of global economic dynamics on social equity and the sustainability of welfare states, identifying the limitations of national policies in addressing issues such as poverty, inequality, and social exclusion. Through a comprehensive analysis of the transformation of social policy from national to supranational levels, this study explores how countries and global entities respond to the challenges posed by globalization. The analysis incorporates theoretical foundations, historical evolution, current trends, and case studies, illustrating the interdependence of national and supranational policies. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of global social governance and emphasizes the need for a robust framework integrating national and global strategies to foster social equity and ensure the sustainability of welfare systems.
Scrotal swelling with suppurative and necrotizing epididymitis, and funiculitis in a dog
Authors: Shelby Alyssa , Agnew Dalen , Christensen Bruce
Published: February 2025

An 8-year, intact male dog, was presented with a swollen and painful scrotum. The dog was deemed a valuable part of the client’s breeding program and hemicastration was performed in order to preserve fertility. Hemicastration is a viable option and should be considered for preserving fertility in males deemed valuable for breeding. Hemicastration can be performed by general practitioners and the affected testis should be submitted for testing (along with serology from the patient) to rule out Brucella canis and to determine the cause for testicular/epididymal pathology.
信仰, 希望与全球经济-种为善的力量 = Faith, hope & the global economy : a power for good
Authors: Higginson Richard
Published: February 2025

对于受债务与危机困扰的全球经济，信仰能提供什么希望吗？ 理查德·希金森指出，如果我们正确地理解基督教信仰，它会成为全球经济 中一种巨大的为善的力量。它激励企业，减轻贫困，促进正直，鼓励持续， 造就门徒。 这本开拓性的书将帮助商业人士深入思考所做行为和背后动机。本书展示了 圣经救赎故事的每一个主题对商业行为所具有的重要指导意义，这些故事极 具挑战性并给人以希望。本书探索了几种富有希望的另类商业模式，同时也 给在主流企业工作的人们带来启发和鼓励。 书中丰富的商业例子来自作者多年亲历与研究累积。但愿这本书能启发你明 白信仰与工作、与你这位“上帝的代理人”本人的关系，来转化世界变得更 美好。 作者 理查德·希金森 在全球宣讲商业伦理和工作中的神学。他是剑桥瑞德里学院的讲师，是《商 业中的信仰》季刊的创编人，撰写出版过若干书籍。
Parliament, Parties, Polls and Islam: Issues in the Current Debate on Religion and Politics in Pakistan
Authors: Babar Zaheer  , Ali Bukhtiar  , Hafiz Abdul Rehman Saleem  , Haseeb Ahmad
Published: February 2025

The relationship between religion and politics has played a critical role in Pakistan's political history, affecting everything from constitutional frameworks to the outcomes of elections. This study asks how religious political parties performed in the last parliamentary elections and how they affect the interaction between Islam and politics. It stresses the historical hurdles for Pakistan to reconcile Islamic precepts with democratic governance and the implications of these dynamics for the functioning of the legislature and the judiciary. Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan (TLP) managed to win almost 4% of votes in the 2018 parliamentary election, most recently, among other religious parties. However, that influence does not always translate to significant National Assembly representation. This research explains the dynamics of success and decline experienced in the history of religious political entities and highlights the implications of their scope in the field of politics. The study also examines constitutional amendments and court verdicts, including a recent decision granting parliament the authority to appoint the Supreme Court’s chief justice, that have heightened debates over the balance of authority between political and religious bodies. These changes speak to the balancing act between democratic governance and Islamic State. The report offers suggestions to promote a more inclusive and balanced approach to religion and politics in Pakistan. Striving for democratic reforms, interfaith dialogue, and civic education, it hopes to enter into a political environment respectful of both Islamic tradition and democratic values. This research thus aspires to achieve a synergistic model of governance by developing a roadmap that would help address these challenges and facilitate a balanced and stable political environment with enough room for differences without compromising the stability of the religious and democratic institutions.
Bi-parametric Similarity Measures for Complex Hesitant Fuzzy Sets with Applications to Pattern Recognition and Medical Diagnosis
Authors: Mahmood Tahir , Ali Muhammad Rehan , Ahmmad Jabbar , Rehman Ubaid Ur , Farooq Muhammad Hamza
Published: February 2025

The complex hesitant fuzzy sets which are the extension of hesitant fuzzy sets can incorporate Tamir’s complex fuzzy environment which makes them more appropriate to model the uncertainty and vagueness involved in real-life problems. Some of the traditional similarity measures may not capture all the information contained in the hesitant fuzzy set since such measures are often simple in handling fuzzy information. This study aims to propose new similarity measures under the notion of complex hesitant fuzzy sets. Moreover, we have delivered similarity measures and weighted similarity measures for Tamir’s complex fuzzy set, hesitant fuzzy set, and complex hesitant fuzzy set for a better and more accurate comparison. It also reveals the advantages of the proposed measure over existing methods through mathematical derivation and theoretical analysis. New similarity measures integrate the merits of CFS and HFS to form a powerful tool for comparing datasets with both complexity and hesitancy. The proposed measure utilizes Tamir’s complex fuzzy environment to represent membership degree; it is thereby capable of managing data that are not well handled by current theories. Using theoretical discussions and real-world examples such as medical diagnosis and pattern recognition, we show that the CHFS-based similarity measure improves the accuracy of decision-making. This work not only enriches the theory of fuzzy sets but also provides solutions for solving problems containing complex and hesitant data.
El suicidio en Medellín
Authors: Matiz Acosta Carlos , Restrepo Cadena Gonzalo A. , Flórez Espinosa Eduardo , Giraldo G. César Augusto
Published: February 2025

Se presenta un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo sobre al suicidio en Medellín, desde enero de 1975 hasta septiembre de 1977. Hubo mayor incidencia en mujeres, y en cuanto a estado civil fue más alto en solteros; el sitio más frecuente para el suicidio es el propio hogar, y los medios más empleados, son los venenos, las armas de fuego, y las drogas. Se destaca que el mayor número de suicidas, por oficio, está en los quehaceres del hogar y en estudiantes; por días, esta tragedia es más frecuente el domingo. Por 100.000 habitantes la incidencia fue de 10.51 en 1975 y en 1976 de 16.14; de 1977 sólo se estudiaron nueve meses.
THE EFFECT OF ALKALINE EARTH METAL ADDITIVES ON THE PROPERTIES OF CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 CATALYSTS
Authors: Rumyantsev Ruslan N. , Smirnova Anastasia A. , Severgina Ekaterina S. , Afineevsky Andrey V. , Papulova Elvira L. , Markelova Tatyana A.
Published: February 2025

The paper investigates the effect of alkaline earth metal additives on the formation of the active phase and the physico-chemical properties of CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts. Based on a comprehensive analysis of properties performed using X-ray phase and X-ray diffraction analysis, as well as temperature adsorption-desorption of gases, the processes occurring at the stage of mechanochemical activation and further heat treatment were studied. It was found that the optimal amount of the promotional additive is 1-2% by weight. Alkaline earth metals play the role of a textural promoter and have a positive effect on strength properties. The introduction of this additive makes it possible to increase the strength by 15-20% compared with non-motorized catalysts. It is shown that the introduction of magnesium and calcium oxides into the catalyst composition is more than 2% by weight (in terms of metal) leads to a sharp decrease in the specific surface area of the catalyst, while maintaining the pore distribution characteristic of non-motorized and industrial samples. The content of additives leads to a broadening of the recovery peak profile and the formation of additional maxima on it, in addition, it was found that the method of obtaining samples also has a significant effect on reduction.
For citation:
Rumyantsev R.N., Smirnova A.A., Severgina E.S., Afineevsky A.V., Papulova E.L., Markelova T.A. The effect of alkaline earth metal additives on the properties of CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2025. V. 68. N 3. P. 76-85. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20256803.7103.
HIGHER ALGAE AS SORPTIONAL MATERIALS FOR HYDROCARBON SPILL RESPONSE ON WATER SURFACE (REVIEW)
Authors: Shaikhiev Ildar G. , Dryakhlov Vladislav O. , Sanatullova Zemfira T. , Zainullin Aydar M. , Madyakina Almira M. , Savelyev Sergey N. , Arefieva Olga D. , Nesterova Olga V.
Published: February 2025

Oil is a benefit for people in the form of energy and petroleum products, but when the environment is excessively polluted with hydrocarbons, the ecological balance is disrupted. Maintaining the sustainability of ecosystems and, accordingly, the well-being of the population consists of increasing the effectiveness of environmental protection measures. The introduction of innovative energy- and resource-saving technologies for wastewater treatment will reduce the anthropogenic load on aquatic environments. In industry, water insufficiently purified from hydrocarbons is subjected to repeated dilution to meet regulatory requirements, or is stored for a long time in tanks, storage facilities or oil pits, ultimately entering the environment, which leads to degradation of biocenoses with subsequent disruption of physiological activity and death, caused by the introduction of organic toxicants into a living organism, as well as changes in the physicochemical properties of their habitat. Based on the above, information from domestic and foreign literary sources on the use of dried macroalgae biomass as sorption materials for the removal of oil and petroleum products from seawater and freshwater bodies is summarized. Information is provided on the physiology of some species and genera of seaweeds studied as biosorbents of hydrocarbons and the places where they grow in the aquatic environment. It has been shown that brown, green and red algae of various types can effectively extract oil, oil components and products of its processing from aquatic environments. It is concluded that the huge volumes of macrophyte biomass, high growth rates of seaweed biomass, and high efficiency of extraction of various hydrocarbons make promising further research on the use of seaweed to extract oil and its products from salt and freshwater bodies of water.
For citation:
Shaikhiev I.G., Dryakhlov V.O., Sanatullova Z.T., Zainullin A.M., Madyakina A.M., Savelyev S.N., Arefieva O.D., Nesterova O.V. Higher algae as sorptional materials for hydrocarbon spill response on water surface (review). ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2025. V. 68. N 4. P. 6-19. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20256804.7079.
Employment Outcomes of Office Administration Graduates of Bohol Island State University - Candijay Campus, Philippines
Authors: Zapanta Ashley , Lebita Jennilyn , De la Peña Vicenta , Suso Jaycel , Casundo Deliarita , Cano Jesszon
Published: February 2025

This tracer study aimed to assess the employability of Bachelor of Science in Office Administration graduates from Bohol Island State University - Candijay Campus (2021–2023) and evaluate how their competencies align with workforce demands. Employability is a key indicator of a university's success in preparing graduates for professional careers, directly influencing institutional reputation and graduate career outcomes. Using a modified Graduate Tracer Study (GTS) questionnaire, quantitative data were collected through online surveys targeting 245 graduates, yielding 143 responses. Statistical analysis revealed that most respondents were female, single, and employed as office or clerical staff. Many earned monthly salaries ranging from PHP 10,000 to PHP 20,000, with salary and benefits highlighted as critical factors in job satisfaction. Lack of work experience was identified as the primary barrier to employment, underscoring its importance in hiring. Furthermore, the alignment between graduates' fields of study and their current roles demonstrated the relevance of the program's curriculum to industry needs. Graduates identified communication skills as the most valuable competency acquired during their studies, reflecting the effectiveness of the university's curricular offerings in equipping students for professional success. This study contributes to understanding graduate employability by emphasizing the role of targeted skill development and work experience in enhancing career readiness
Role Of Non-Governmental Organizations In Promoting Climate Action In Pakistan
Authors: Kaleem Ullah Muhammad
Published: February 2025

This study examined the impact of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) on climate action in Pakistan, focusing on their roles, achievements, and challenges. NGOs are pivotal in advancing climate resilience through activities such as disaster risk reduction, ecosystem restoration, renewable energy initiatives, and community-based adaptation. Despite their significant contributions, NGOs face barriers including inconsistent funding, political instability, bureaucratic red tape, and limited public engagement, particularly in rural regions. This paper juxtaposes significant interlinks in the existing research to unearth prominent themes concerning NGOs role in promoting climate action and supplements these with in-depth interviews from relevant stakeholders. The research highlights strategic opportunities for NGOs to enhance their impact, including forming stronger partnerships, leveraging technological innovations, and engaging in policy advocacy. It underscores the importance of addressing these challenges through capacity building and diversified funding to ensure the long-term success of climate initiatives. By effectively navigating these obstacles, NGOs, can play a crucial role in achieving both national and global climate objectives.
Inversión extranjera directa y relocalización en países en desarrollo: el caso de México
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana de México, Vidal Bonifaz Gregorio , Correa Vázquez Eugenia ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Published: February 2025

El notable incremento durante los años noventa de la inversión extranjera directa realizado por empresas trasnacionales, ha dado lugar a importantes relocalizaciones de las que se benefició México, debido al entorno favorable generado por las reformas económicas liberalizadoras aprobadas. Destacan las inversiones realizadas en la industria del automóvil-vehículos a motor y en la maquiladora de exportación, que han constituido una plataforma exportadora hacia Estados Unidos. Este artículo estudia la trayectoria de estas industrias, y muestra cómo la ausencia de una base endógena así como la creciente competencia internacional, crean las condiciones para nuevas relocalizaciones, pero esta vez desde México hacia otros países. Asimismo, se analiza la escasa interacción entre financiación internacional, formación de capital, crecimiento de las exportaciones manufactureras y desarrollo económico.
Quadro Clínico e Diagnóstico da Pré-eclâmpsia: Avanços na Literatura Recente
Authors: Macedo Ryan Rafael Barros De , Silva Catarine Roque Da , Lima Ngyla Layalla Simões De , Menezes Amanda De Queiroz , Trindade Bruna Rodrigues , Lucena Guilherme Thomas Ferreira , Cardoso Michelle Mércia Martins , Silva Evelyn Borges Da , Marques Verônica Gabriela Souza , Sanglard Maria Clara Adame Barros , Amaral William Henrique Faria Do , Thiago Julia Oliveira De S. , Santos Michele Pereira Dos
Published: February 2025

A pré-eclâmpsia é uma complicação grave da gestação caracterizada pelo aumento da pressão arterial e disfunção de órgãos-alvo, com risco elevado de evolução para eclâmpsia. Este artigo revisa os avanços recentes na literatura sobre o diagnóstico e manejo da pré-eclâmpsia, com foco nas atualizações das diretrizes diagnósticas, que agora consideram o comprometimento de múltiplos órgãos além da proteinúria. A identificação precoce, o monitoramento rigoroso da pressão arterial e o tratamento baseado em evidências são fundamentais para reduzir as complicações e melhorar os desfechos maternos e fetais. A revisão também destaca a importância de uma abordagem personalizada e da pesquisa contínua para o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias terapêuticas.
AN EVALUATION OF INDUSTRY 4.0 TECHNOLOGIES AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIAN FOOD MANUFACTURING FIRMS
Authors: F. J. KAYODE  , O. A. ALADEJEBI
Published: February 2025

Industry 4.0 technology could improve resource management in Nigeria's food manufacturing sector, improving efficiency, quality, and sustainability. This study examines the use and impact of these technologies in selected food manufacturing enterprises in Ilorin, Kwara State, using data from 181 respondents from various departments. Results show that Industry 4.0 technologies explain 22.3% of resource storage variance (R² = 0.223) and 8.0% of resource allocation variance (R² = 0.080), indicating low adoption and integration. Big Data Analytics (β = 0.347, P = 0.000) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) (β = 0.290, P = 0.002) significantly contributed to resource storage, while Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing) (β = 0.191, P = 0.047) was the only significant contributor to resource allocation. Despite these favourable results, labour training and infrastructural readiness deficiencies limited the effect of AI, VR, and robotics. The study indicates that targeted training, strategic technology alignment, and infrastructure improvements are necessary to properly leverage Industry 4.0 in resource management. These findings suggest that Nigeria's food manufacturing sector needs better implementation strategies to integrate Industry 4.0 technologies.
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FORENSIC AUDITING IN FRAUD DETECTION AND PREVENTION IN GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS - THE TRADITIONAL AUDITING IN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: MANGNIANG MARGARET STEPHEN  , YOHANNA GYANG JUGU  , TERYILA SOLOMON ADDI
Published: February 2025

Forensic auditing was very important in the detection and prevention of fraud in public sector in Nigeria. Haven considered the place forensic auditing played in the public sector, it became necessary to investigate the effectiveness of it in the detection and prevention of fraud in public sectors of Nigeria with the traditional auditing in perspective. Various literature reviews were conducted. The methodology of the research included the adoption of the positivism philosophy. .  The study design was descriptive survey. The researcher opted for describing the nature and the state of affairs as it set to archived. The methodology of this study included a population of 2,306. The categories of respondents were experts in forensic auditing. The purposive and simple random sampling methods were used to determine the sample size of 341. The source of data used for this study was primary. The instrument used for the data collection used was a self-administered questionnaire that was made up of both open-ended and close-ended questions. Face and content validity of the instruments was determined by experts, while Cronbach Alpha Technique was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, where a reliability coefficient of 0.891 was used. Face to face method of administration was used. Simple percentages, mean and standard deviation and ordinary least square (OLS) multiple regressions were used as methods of data analysis. Findings revealed that practice of forensic auditing and forensic auditing skills had significant effect on fraud detection and prevention in government organizations but the traditional auditing approach had an insignificant positive effect in detecting and preventing frauds. The research concluded that forensic auditing is effective in fraud detection and prevention, without necessary the traditional auditing approach. Recommended were that governments at various levels should ensure that traditional auditors should undergo training programmes on forensic auditing to improve their auditing skills and institutionalize the practice of forensic auditing system in all ministries, Departments and agencies for effective detection and prevention of fraud.
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING ON THE IMPACT OF INSECTICIDE SPRAY ON THE DYNAMICS OF MALARIA TRANSMISSION
Authors: ALHASSAN CHARITY JUMAI  , KENNETH OJOTOGBA ACHEMA
Published: February 2025

Plasmodium parasites is a major health problem leading to malaria disease. Mosquitoes have been the transmission medium of the malaria diseases. In this work, we   used nonlinear mathematical model to analyzed the transmission dynamics of malaria disease. An insecticide control strategy was incorporated, using system of ordinary differential equations and established that the model is locally asymptotically stable when the associated reproduction number is less than unity. Numerical simulation was carried out and pertinent findings were displayed graphically. It was found that insecticide spray has a significant impact on malaria transmission.
The Importance of Teaching ESL Vocabulary in Primary School
Authors: Chiriac Ramona
Published: February 2025

This article seeks to emphasize the importance of teaching vocabulary in primary school. Vocabulary development occurs as students interact repeatedly with new words, enriching their personal vocabulary. This growth is stimulated through listening, speaking, reading, and writing activities. Language acquisition naturally progresses from simple words to complex sentences, with listening and speaking skills typically developing before reading and writing. Therefore, classroom instruction should reflect this sequence; prioritizing reading and writing skills over speaking can obstruct language learning. A solid vocabulary base is vital for effective communication and serves as the foundation for essential language skills, including reading, listening, speaking, writing, spelling, and pronunciation. A strong vocabulary allows students to engage meaningfully with English, whether through conversation, enjoying media, or composing messages, making vocabulary enhancement critical for second language proficiency.
William Carlos Williams and Imagism in Spring and All, “The Red Wheelbarrow” and "Portrait of A Lady"
Authors: Țăranu Nicoleta Diana
Published: February 2025

This article explores the Imagist poetics of William Carlos Williams, focusing on three of his iconic works: Spring and All, The Red Wheelbarrow, and Portrait of a Lady. Through his precise and vivid imagery, Williams captures the mundane beauty of everyday life while rejecting traditional metaphors and embellishments. The analysis examines how Williams' background as a physician and painter informed his artistic vision, enabling him to merge visual and textual art into an innovative poetic form. The article delves into the structural and thematic elements of each poem, highlighting Williams' use of fragmented language, stark realism, and minimalist aesthetics. From the symbolic rebirth in Spring and All to the introspective simplicity of The Red Wheelbarrow and the sensual objectification in Portrait of a Lady, the study illustrates how Williams' poetry transforms ordinary moments into profound artistic expressions. Ultimately, this work underscores Williams' significant contribution to modernist literature and the enduring impact of Imagism in redefining poetic form and meaning.
Methods of Conducting a Grammar Lesson for Young Learners
Authors: Popa Ana Maria
Published: February 2025

Teaching grammar to young learners requires an engaging, interactive, and creative approach that captures their interest and facilitates understanding. This paper explores various effective methods for conducting grammar lessons that make learning enjoyable and meaningful. These methods include contextualizing grammar through storytelling, incorporating games for engagement, using songs and rhymes for repetition, employing interactive activities, using visual aids, modeling and drills, integrating technology, encouraging peer collaboration, connecting grammar to real-life situations, and scaffolding instruction. Each method aims to provide a holistic learning experience that ensures young learners grasp and apply grammatical concepts effectively.
Natural Sweeteners: Biosynthesis and Pharmacological
Authors: Meng Jingsen
Published: February 2025

Natural sweeteners have gained attention as promising alternatives to artificial sweeteners and traditional sugars due to their low or zero-calorie content and diverse bioactive properties. This review examines several key natural sweeteners, including steviol glycosides, mogrosides, glycyrrhizin, neohesperidin, and fructooligosaccharides. The biosynthetic pathways of these sweeteners, combined with their health benefits, make them valuable in managing metabolic disorders like diabetes and obesity. This article also discusses their potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries, highlighting their role in promoting healthier dietary practices. Further research is needed to optimize their production and fully assess their long-term health impacts, which will be essential for unlocking their therapeutic potential.
Les facteurs agissant sur la volonté de communiquer : cours de francisation destiné à des mères allophones d’élèves du primaire
Authors: Hichri Jihène , Chochard Yves
Published: February 2025

Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude sur les facteurs influençant la volonté de communiquer dans le contexte d’un cours en francisation destiné à des parents allophones d’élèves du primaire. L’étude s’appuie sur des entrevues individuelles réalisées auprès de formateur⋅rice⋅s en francisation, de mères apprenantes et d’enseignant⋅e⋅s de leurs enfants. Les résultats révèlent que plusieurs facteurs influencent positivement ou négativement la volonté de communiquer, notamment le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle des mères, leur anxiété langagière, le comportement de leurs enfants et des enseignant⋅e⋅s de ces mêmes enfants et les pratiques des formateur⋅rice⋅s durant les cours de francisation.
Navigating the socio-cultural junctures: challenges of Ukrainian integration in Lithuania
Authors: Genys Dainius
Published: February 2025

Šio straipsnio tikslas – remiantis Anthony’io Giddenso struktūracijos teorija panagrinėti integracijos iššūkius, su kuriais susiduria Ukrainos pabėgėliai Lietuvoje. Straipsnyje analizuojama, kaip socialiniai ir demografiniai veiksniai, tokie kaip amžius, lytis, pajamos ir išsilavinimas, veikia pabėgėlių veiksnumą (angl. agency) ir sąveiką su ribojančiomis struktūromis (kalbos barjeru ir formaliais reikalavimais). Siekiama nustatyti pagrindines integracijos kliūtis ir pasiūlyti, kaip pagerinti politinius sprendimus ir socialines paslaugas, siekiant įgalinti pabėgėlius ir ugdyti jų atsparumą. Giddenso struktūracijos teorija leidžia geriau suprasti ir paaiškinti Ukrainos karo pabėgėlių dalyvavimą Lietuvoje. Žvelgiant iš šios perspektyvos ukrainiečiai vertinami kaip socialiniai veikėjai, kuriantys gyvenimą Lietuvoje, o jų veikla gali daryti įtaką kai kurioms viešųjų paslaugų institucijoms. Ši teorija leidžia išryškinti ir parodyti ukrainiečius kaip refleksyvius ir kritiškai mąstančius veikėjus, kurie kryptingai veikia siekdami pagerinti savo asmeninio gyvenimo sąlygas. Kartu tai parodo pokyčių, vykstančių laike ir erdvėje, mastą ir išryškina, kaip veikia atskiri veikėjai ir (arba) kaip mobilizuojasi grupės.
Features of anxiety and loneliness as predictors of narcotics use by adolescents (based on a survey of addicts aged 12-18)
Authors: Komissarova Olga Andreevna , Milovanova Ol'ga Andreevna
Published: February 2025

The study describes the characteristics of loneliness and anxiety experienced by adolescents of the older and younger age groups who use surfactants and are undergoing rehabilitation in a drug treatment center. The object of the study is the peculiarities of experiencing loneliness and anxiety, the subject was their predictive role in the formation of adolescents' addiction to surfactants in different age groups. The aim of the study is to identify the characteristics of loneliness and anxiety of adolescents who use surfactants. The novelty of the conducted research lies in the study of adolescents suffering from chemical dependence and who are in the process of rehabilitation. To conduct the study, we used the following methods: assessment of the subjective experience of loneliness by D. Russell, M. Ferguson (UCLA); the A.Beck anxiety scale (BAI); the scale of overt anxiety for teenagers by A.M. Parishioners. The study involved 50 adolescents (25 boys and 25 girls, 20 of them younger adolescents (10 boys and 10 girls) and 30 older adolescents (15 boys and 15 girls) who use various types of surfactants and are undergoing rehabilitation in drug treatment centers. The sample of respondents is maximally ordered by gender, age and sociodemographic criteria (full families, average income, permanent residence in Moscow and/or the Moscow region, regular use of surfactants of the same type). As a result of the study, we identified stable features in experiencing anxiety and subjective loneliness: adolescent boys of both age groups are more likely to experience loneliness as a misunderstanding from others and an average level of anxiety, while the anxiety level of adolescent girls is significantly higher and is associated with the manifestation of the scale of social desirability. At the same time, adolescents of the younger age group are prone to higher levels of anxiety, while older adolescents are prone to deeper experiences of subjective loneliness in terms of impaired social interactions.
Ventral tegmental area interneurons revisited: GABA and glutamate projection neurons make local synapses
Authors: Oriol Lucie , Chao Melody , Kollman Grace J , Dowlat Dina S , Singhal Sarthak M , Steinkellner Thomas , Hnasko Thomas S
Published: February 2025

The ventral tegmental area (VTA) contains projection neurons that release the neurotransmitters dopamine, GABA, and/or glutamate from distal synapses. VTA also contains GABA neurons that synapse locally on to dopamine neurons, synapses widely credited to a population of so-called VTA interneurons. Interneurons in cortex, striatum, and elsewhere have well-defined morphological features, physiological properties, and molecular markers, but such features have not been clearly described in VTA. Indeed, there is scant evidence that local and distal synapses originate from separate populations of VTA GABA neurons. In this study we tested whether several markers expressed in non-dopamine VTA neurons are selective markers of interneurons, defined as neurons that synapse locally but not distally. Challenging previous assumptions, we found that VTA neurons genetically defined by expression of parvalbumin, somatostatin, neurotensin, or mu-opioid receptor project to known VTA targets including nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum, lateral habenula, and prefrontal cortex. Moreover, we provide evidence that VTA GABA and glutamate projection neurons make functional inhibitory or excitatory synapses locally within VTA. These findings suggest that local collaterals of VTA projection neurons could mediate functions prior attributed to VTA interneurons. This study underscores the need for a refined understanding of VTA connectivity to explain how heterogeneous VTA circuits mediate diverse functions related to reward, motivation, or addiction.
A SET-CHC Framework for Addressing Non-medical Challenges in Children with Kabuki Syndrome Type 2
Authors: Chia Kok Hwee , Tan Meng Kiat
Published: February 2025

The integration of science, engineering, and technology (SET) as a joint framework within the context of the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory offers a new lens to examine, understand and address the complex issues of managing children diagnosed with Kabuki Syndrome Type 2 (KS2). This integrated SET-CHC framework, which delineates both broad and narrow cognitive abilities identified in the CHC Theory, provides a systematic method for identifying specific learning needs and developing targeted strategies to address the KS2 challenges within the context of educational therapy. By integrating advancements in the SET-CHC framework, such as the application of assistive technologies and use of data-driven interventions, educational therapists and other allied professionals can develop and implement individualized strategies to support children diagnosed with KS2, particularly to address its coexisting or concurrent conditions, which include intellectual and developmental delays or disabilities (IDD/D), syndromic autism (SAu), and learning disabilities (LD), among others. The combination of CHC-based cognitive profiling and SET-supported innovative therapeutic tools fosters an adaptive learning environment, promoting holistic development and improving educational outcomes for those children with KS2.
Adversarial Threats to AI-Driven Systems: Exploring the Attack Surface of Machine Learning Models and Countermeasures
Authors: Olutimehin Abayomi Titilola , Ajayi Adekunbi Justina , Metibemu Olufunke Cynthia , Balogun Adebayo Yusuf , Oladoyinbo Tunbosun Oyewale , Olaniyi Oluwaseun Oladeji
Published: February 2025

Adversarial attacks pose a critical threat to the reliability of AI-driven systems, exploiting vulnerabilities at the data, model, and deployment levels. This study employs a quantitative analysis using the CIFAR-10 Adversarial Examples Dataset from IBM’s Adversarial Robustness Toolbox and the MITRE ATLAS AI Model Vulnerabilities Dataset to assess attack success rates and attack surface exposure. A convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier was evaluated against Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM), Projected Gradient Descent (PGD), and Carlini & Wagner (C&W) attacks, yielding misclassification rates of 42.2%, 65.5%, and 86.8%, respectively. Statistical analysis using the Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test (p < 0.001) confirmed a disproportionate targeting of model-level vulnerabilities (53.6%). These vulnerabilities pose severe risks across real-world AI applications. In cybersecurity, adversarial perturbations compromise intrusion detection systems, malware classification models, and spam filters, allowing cybercriminals to bypass AI-driven defenses. In autonomous vehicles, subtle adversarial modifications to traffic signs and road patterns can mislead AI-based navigation, increasing the likelihood of accidents. Similarly, in financial systems, adversarial attacks deceive fraud detection models, enabling unauthorized transactions and financial fraud. Countermeasure evaluation demonstrated that adversarial training provided the highest robustness gain (23.29%), while detection algorithms were least effective (15.34%). To enhance AI security, hybrid defense mechanisms integrating adversarial training with real-time anomaly detection should be prioritized, and standardized evaluation benchmarks should be established for AI security testing. These findings emphasize the necessity of hybrid AI security frameworks that combine adversarial training with real-time anomaly detection. Moreover, standardized security benchmarks should be established to ensure resilience across industries, particularly in high-stakes AI applications.
Performance of Ultrasonic and Infrared Sensors for Detection of the Target for Development of Sensor Based Orchard Sprayer
Authors: Srigiri D. , Sushilendra  , Shirwal Sunil , Palled Vijayakumar , Sreenivas A.G. , Y Pampanna
Published: February 2025

Detection of plant canopy is one of the main tasks in achieving the variable rate spraying. Two types of sensors, namely ultrasonic and infrared sensors were studied for the parameters viz., error, range of detection and response time at different distances from the sensor. The error of the sensors was found to be 5.6, -11, -10.5 and   15.4, 26.4, 32.3 mm at a distance of 500, 1000 and 1500 mm from the sensor for ultrasonic and infrared respectively. The range of detection was found to be 147.33, 343.67, 430.66 and 50.66, 67.00, 83.67 mm at a distance 500, 1000 and 1500 mm from the sensor for ultrasonic and infrared sensor respectively. The response time was found to be 0.20, 0.24, 0.28 and 0.25, 0.27, 0.29 s at 500, 1000 and 1500 mm from the sensor for ultrasonic and infrared sensor respectively. The ultrasonic sensor was found to be superior to the infrared sensor in terms of error, range of measurement and response time. The ultrasonic sensor can be better suited for target detection for development of target based sprayer. The sensors will play a crucial role in achieving variable rate of spraying by detecting the target.
Cross Sectional Study of Current Status of Equine Husbandry in Haryana, India
Authors: Singh Ajmer , Pal Yash , Rani Kanika , Asmita  , Kumar Sanjay , Kumar Rajender , Bhatacharya T.K.
Published: February 2025

Equines played pivotal role in past in terms of agriculture, war, peace, transportation etc but, nowadays governmental welfare activities are ignored so, their population is declining day by day. Government should pay much attention to this precious equine family in all aspects. The study was aimed to analyze current status of equine husbandry in Haryana, India. Total 303 randomly selected equine farmers were interviewed during January-March, 2022 in four districts viz; Hisar, Bhiwani, Jind and Rohtak.  It was observed that 24.8 per cent equine farmers reported scarcity of veterinary services, 11.8 per cent reported reluctances of staff at veterinary hospitals, 29.7 per cent reported that veterinary doctors expressed lack of expertise in providing treatment to equines, 44.6 per cent reported hiring of private services and 10.5 per cent reported application of ITK for treatment of ailing equines. As far as loan and insurance are concerned, 67.6 per cent reported lack of loan facilities while 70.3 per cent reported inadequate insurance facilities for equines. As far as breeding is concerned, 49 per cent reported non-availability of a good stallion, 55.1 per cent reported lack of Artificial Insemination facilities and 44.6 per cent reported hiring of a stallion for breeding of mares. Majority of respondents (94.4 per cent) reported non-availability of pasture land; 95 per cent reported nutritional issues, 76.6 per cent reported metabolic health problems and 81.2 per cent reported purchase of additional feed/fodder in absence of open air grazing. Despite above situation, equine husbandry has potential to improve livelihood of equine keepers where a good number {38.6 per cent (moderate) + 41.6 per cent (high level} reported help of their family members and 67 per cent wanted training in equine rearing.  A total of 42.8 per cent agreed that equine rearing is a profitable enterprise and 53.1 per cent wanted to continue with equine rearing. Finally it is concluded that equine rearing has immense potential as profitable enterprise and bright future in Haryana state.
Heard but Excluded: A Language Manifesto
Authors: Molina Rose L. , Kaimal Anjali J.
Published: May 2024

This Viewpoint discusses dismantling language barriers via multipronged approaches grounded in innovation, human-centered design, and systems thinking in 3 key areas.
Doping Strategies for Tetrasubstituted Paracyclophane Hole Transport Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Schulz Alexander Deniz , Otterbach Steffen Andreas , Tappert Henrik , Elsing David , Wenzel Wolfgang , Kozlowska Mariana , Bräse Stefan , Colsmann Alexander , Röhm Holger
Published: May 2024

Because of its excellent hole conductivity, p‐doped 2,2′7,7′‐tetrakis‐(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenyl‐amine)‐9,9′‐spiro‐bifluorene (spiro‐MeOTAD) is commonly deployed for hole transport in organic metal halide perovskite solar cells, but its rather expensive synthesis prompts the research for alternatives. In this work, tetrasubstituted [2.2]paracyclophanes (PCPs) are synthesized and investigated for replacing spiro‐MeOTAD. To enhance their conductivity, different doping strategies are followed. Best conductivities are achieved by doping PCP thin films with tris(2‐(1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐4‐tert‐butylpyridine)cobalt(III) tris(bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) (FK209), matching the conductivity of state‐of‐the‐art p‐doped spiro‐MeOTAD. Best performance in solar cells is leveraged by doping PCPs with the co‐dopants lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and 4‐tert‐butylpyridine (tBP) which are also used to p‐dope spiro‐MeOTAD thin films in solar cells. Yet, the thermal device stability is maximized upon doping PCPs with FK209 and 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ).
Tuning Recombinant Perlecan Domain V to Regulate Angiogenic Growth Factors and Enhance Endothelialization of Electrospun Silk Vascular Grafts
Authors: Jiang Shouyuan , Yang Nanji , Tan Richard P. , Moh Edward S. X. , Fu Lu , Packer Nicolle H. , Whitelock John M. , Wise Steven G. , Rnjak‐Kovacina Jelena , Lord Megan S.
Published: May 2024

Synthetic vascular grafts are used to bypass significant arterial blockage when native blood vessels are unsuitable, yet their propensity to fail due to poor blood compatibility and progressive graft stenosis remains an intractable challenge. Perlecan is the major heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycan in the blood vessel wall with an inherent ability to regulate vascular cell activities associated with these major graft failure modes. Here the ability of the engineered form of perlecan domain V (rDV) to bind angiogenic growth factors is tuned and endothelial cell proliferation via the composition of its glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain is supported. It is shown that the HS on rDV supports angiogenic growth factor signaling, including fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)165, while both HS and chondroitin sulfate on rDV are involved in VEGF189 signaling. It is also shown that physisorption of rDV on emerging electrospun silk fibroin vascular grafts promotes endothelialization and patency in a murine arterial interposition model, compared to the silk grafts alone. Together, this study demonstrates the potential of rDV as a tunable, angiogenic biomaterial coating that both potentiates growth factors and regulates endothelial cells.
Remote‐Controlled Sensing and Drug Delivery via 3D‐Printed Hollow Microneedles
Authors: Razzaghi Mahmood , Ninan Joel Alexander , Azimzadeh Mostafa , Askari Esfandyar , Najafabadi Alireza Hassani , Khademhosseini Ali , Akbari Mohsen
Published: May 2024

Remote health monitoring and treatment serve as critical drivers for advancing health equity, bridging geographical and socioeconomic disparities, ensuring equitable access to quality healthcare for those in underserved or remote regions. By democratizing healthcare, this approach offers timely interventions, continuous monitoring, and personalized care independent of one's location or socioeconomic status, thereby striving for an equitable distribution of health resources and outcomes. Meanwhile, microneedle arrays (MNAs), revolutionize painless and minimally invasive access to interstitial fluid for drug delivery and diagnostics. This paper introduces an integrated theranostic MNA system employing an array of colorimetric sensors to quantitatively measure ‐pH, glucose, and lactate, alongside a remotely‐triggered system enabling on‐demand drug delivery. Integration of an ultrasonic atomizer streamlines the drug delivery, facilitating rapid, pumpless, and point‐of‐care drug delivery, enhancing system portability while reducing complexities. An accompanying smartphone application interfaces the sensing and drug delivery components. Demonstrated capabilities include detecting pH (3 to 8), glucose (up to 16 mm), and lactate (up to 1.6 mm), showcasing on‐demand drug delivery, and assessing delivery system performance via a scratch assay. This innovative approach confronts drug delivery challenges, particularly in managing chronic diseases requiring long‐term treatment, while also offering avenues for non‐invasive health monitoring through microneedle‐based sensors.
Self‐Amputating and Interfusing Machines
Authors: Yang Bilige , Nasab Amir Mohammadi , Woodman Stephanie J. , Thomas Eugene , Tilton Liana G. , Levin Michael , Kramer‐Bottiglio Rebecca
Published: May 2024

Biological organisms exhibit phenomenal adaptation through morphology‐shifting mechanisms including self‐amputation, regeneration, and collective behavior. For example, reptiles, crustaceans, and insects amputate their own appendages in response to threats. Temporary fusion between individuals enables collective behaviors, such as in ants that temporarily fuse to build bridges. The concept of morphological editing often involves the addition and subtraction of mass and can be linked to modular robotics, wherein synthetic body morphology may be revised by rearranging parts. This work describes a reversible cohesive interface made of thermoplastic elastomer that allows for strong attachment and easy detachment of distributed soft robot modules without direct human handling. The reversible joint boasts a modulus similar to materials commonly used in soft robotics, and can thus be distributed throughout soft robot bodies without introducing mechanical incongruities. To demonstrate utility, the reversible joint is implemented in two embodiments: a soft quadruped robot that self‐amputates a limb when stuck, and a cluster of three soft‐crawling robots that fuse to cross a land gap. This work points toward future robots capable of radical shape‐shifting via changes in mass through autotomy and interfusion, as well as highlights the crucial role that interfacial stiffness change plays in autotomizable biological and artificial systems.