bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Joe Biden: A Bearer of Hope
Authors: Ruthardt Fabian
Published: October 2021

Expectations on Biden’s Presidency are immense. The international community hopes for a paradigm shift away from US unilateral policies and towards more international cooperation. International economic experts expect positive growth effects far beyond the United States. President Biden’s early actions point towards reversing some of President Trump’s core economic policies. President Biden’s reform proposals include large-scale fiscal expansions, a substantial increase of the corporate income tax rate and increased international cooperation in the upcoming years.
Effect of moisture content on dielectric properties of banana leaves and peels in frequency range of 1–20 GHz
Authors: Pattanayak Soumya Sundar , Biswas Soumen
Published: October 2021

The quality of agricultural products can be remotely sensed and enhanced by determining the dielectric properties. This paper studies the dielectric properties of banana leaf and banana peel over the frequency range 1–20 GHz using the open-ended coaxial probe (OCP) method. A new curve fitting model is proposed to characterize the dielectric properties of banana leaf and banana peel. The different moisture content (MC) levels are considered for both banana leaf and banana peel samples and, their dielectric properties are characterized. Further, the banana leaf and banana peel’s measurement data are compared with the data obtained using the proposed model. In addition, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and R-squared (R2) are calculated to validate the performance of the proposed model. In case of banana leaf at 68.26% MC, the dielectric constant achieves the value ofR2and RMSE of 0.98 and 0.0648, respectively. Similarly, dielectric loss achieves the value ofR2and RMSE of 0.88 and 0.0795, respectively. Further, for banana peel at 80.89% MC, the dielectric constant achieves the value ofR2and RMSE of 0.99 and 0.2989, respectively. Similarly, dielectric loss achieves the value ofR2and RMSE of 0.96 and 0.6132, respectively.
Delignification of unbleached pulp by ternary deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Majová Veronika , Jablonský Michal , Lelovský Marek
Published: October 2021

The processing of lignocellulosic materials is very limited because of their low solubility in water and some organic solvents. Fifteen ternary deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were prepared and tested as solvents suitable for delignification of unbleached pulp. The selected ternary DESs are composed of quaternary ammonium salts and amino acids as hydrogen-bond acceptors, and organic acids and polyvalent alcohols as hydrogen bond donors, with molar ratios varying for the individual components. The delignification efficiency is significantly influenced by the degree of penetration of the solvent into the pulp fibre structure. Therefore, the density and viscosity analysis of individual solvents was performed. Unbleached beech pulp with initial kappa number 13.9 was treated with the prepared DESs. The kappa number indicates the residual lignin content or the bleachability of pulp. The efficiency of the solvents ranged from 1.4% to 28.1%. The most suitable for the pretreatment of fibres, based on lignin removal efficiency, were found to be three DESs, in the following order: malonic acid/choline chloride/1,3-propanediol (1:1:3) > choline chloride/acetamide/lactic acid (1:2:3) > choline chloride/urea/lactic acid (1:2:3).
Clinical features of atypical tuberculosis mimicking bacterial pneumonia
Authors: Qi Min , Li Pei-Jun , Wang Ye , Liang Zong-An
Published: October 2021

Objectives

The aim of this study is to investigate clinical features of atypical pulmonary tuberculosis (aPTB) mimicking bacterial pneumonia, determine imaging features with the highest degree of correlation, and identify predictors for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) positivity.

Methods

The clinical data of 259 patients considered as aPTB were retrospectively analyzed. The correlation of CT patterns was evaluated with Spearman analysis, and the predictors for AFB positivity were assessed with the multivariate analysis.

Results

The most common symptom of aPTB was cough (84.6%), followed by fever and anorexia (47.1 and 41.7%, respectively). Infiltrated patchy was the most common radiological pattern (84.9%), followed by nodules (3–10 mm), micronodules (<3 mm), and consolidation (79.2, 78.8, and 66.0%, respectively). Nodules (3–10 mm) and micronodules (r = 0.988, p < 0.001), consolidation and air bronchogram (r = 0.590, p < 0.001), and pulmonary atelectasis and consolidation (r = 0.323, p < 0.001) showed high correlation. In the multivariate analysis, hyperpyrexia (OR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.22–4.29) and bronchiectasis (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.04–4.06) were the predictors of AFB-smear positivity, while bulla (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.05–0.97) was the predictor of AFB-smear negativity.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated the clinical and radiological features of aPTB mimicking pneumonia. Several paired radiological findings may guide us to the diagnosis of aPTB. Hyperpyrexia and bronchiectasis may be helpful for predicting AFB positivity, and bulla may be a predictive sign of AFB negativity.
Challenges of Remote Leadership in a Digitalized Working World 4.0
Authors: Steude Dietrich H.
Published: October 2021

The digital transformation of industry is driving the advance of agile work structures and, in particular, home office working. This article examines the question of what effect the physical distance of employees from the company has on its productivity and innovation potential, and what challenges are posed to a remote leadership.
Reassessing the Literature on the Relationship Between Financial Structure and Economic Growth
Authors: Xu Guangdong
Published: October 2021

This paper surveys the literature, particularly the empirical literature, that examines the association between financial structure and economic growth. The studies are divided into two groups depending on their research focus and research design. Whereas both strands of literature contribute to our understanding of the relationship between financial structure and growth and may also inform each other, the fundamental difference in their research questions means that they should be treated separately rather than together. Despite this difference, the two strands of literature share a common weakness: i.e. they overlook the interactions between banks and stock markets, which may lead to biased estimations.
Empirical Analysis of the Effect of Fiscal Policy Shocks in China
Authors: Ji Jia
Published: October 2021

The central issues concerning fiscal policy makers include macroeconomic stability and growth stimulation. The policy decision process is facilitated by investigation on the effects of fiscal policy, such as a change in government spending or taxes on macroeconomic variables comprising inflation, aggregate output, and interest rates. Build on the Blanchard-Perotti identification approach, this paper empirically analyses the influence of fiscal policy to aggregate economic activities in China, and the estimated results are compared between China and the advanced economies. The findings demonstrate that the impulse responses incurred by tax shocks are generally stimulative, although government spending shocks tend to be neutral, revealing meaningful implications for the fiscal space and policy design.
PbCN2 – an elucidation of its modifications and morphologies
Authors: Braun Cordula , Mereacre Liuda , Ehrenberg Helmut
Published: October 2021

Concerning the crystal structure of PbCN2 there exist two different descriptions in the literature, one based on the non-centrosymmetric structure, space group Pna21, another one on the centrosymmetric one in space group Pnma. To elucidate the conditions for their appearance, comprehensive preparative and structural investigations have been conducted which proved the existence of two distinct modifications of PbCN2. A detailed comparison of the two phases is provided. The growth conditions and crystallization processes of the two PbCN2 structures are reported with focus on the influence of the pH value on the products. Depending on the growth conditions several different morphologies arise, namely PbCN2 in needle-shaped and platelet-shaped crystals, as well as pompon-shaped and lance-shaped crystals.
Exercise Programming for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Cormier Tom
Published: October 2021

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting 20% of women of reproductive age and is associated with insulin resistance, infertility, and cardiovascular disease. Weight loss and exercise improve the prognosis of PCOS and its comorbidities. Exercise programming and assessments are highly individualized because of the characteristic variations of the syndrome.
Postbiotyki – właściwości, zastosowanie i wpływ na zdrowie człowieka
Authors: Karbowiak Marcelina , Zielińska Dorota
Published: October 2021

Zaspokajanie głodu poprzez spożywanie żywności jest podstawową potrzebą fizjologiczną człowieka niezbędną do przetrwania. Mikrobiom zasiedlający przewód pokarmowy obejmuje m.in bakterie, a część z nich określana mianem probiotycznych wywiera pozytywny wpływ na zdrowie człowieka. Niektóre z korzystnych właściwości probiotyków można przypisać charakterystycznym metabolitom mikrobiomu, nazywanych postbiotykami, czyli składowym ścian komórkowych określonych szczepów probiotycznych lub też lizatom uwalnianym w wyniku rozpadu komórek bakteryjnych. Sposób i efekty działania postbiotyków na zdrowie człowieka nie zostały jeszcze w pełni poznane. Niemniej jednak pojawia się coraz więcej badań, które wskazują na ich działanie ograniczające stan zapalny i stres oksydacyjny, likwidujące obecność szkodliwych patogenów, czy stymulujące układ odpornościowy człowieka. Ponadto postbiotyki mogą znaleźć zastosowanie w technologii żywności jako środki konserwujące, poprawiające teksturę, czy dodatki funkcjonalne. Niewątpliwą zaletą stosowania postbiotyków jest ich bezpieczeństwo, łatwość dawkowania, a także stabilność podczas przechowywania. W niniejszym opracowaniu omówiono definicje postbiotyków, mechanizmy ich działania i charakterystykę substancji postbiotycznych jako składników żywności oraz ich wpływ na funkcje organizmu człowieka. Na podstawie pogłębionej analizy literatury przedmiotu należy zauważyć, że pomimo wielu obiecujących danych wydaje się, że konieczne są dalsze badania w celu identyfikacji i zrozumienia mechanizmów działania postbiotyków, a także optymalizacji ich skuteczności. Przede wszystkim należy potwierdzić skuteczność oddziaływania postbiotyków na poprawę zdrowia człowieka.
Distinct Fastigial Output Channels and Their Impact on Temporal Lobe Seizures
Authors: Streng Martha L. , Tetzlaff Madison R. , Krook-Magnuson Esther
Published: October 2021

Despite being canonically considered a motor control structure, the cerebellum is increasingly recognized for important roles in processes beyond this traditional framework, including seizure suppression. Excitatory fastigial neurons project to a large number of downstream targets, and it is unclear whether this broad targeting underlies seizure suppression, or whether a specific output may be sufficient. To address this question, we used the intrahippocampal kainic acid mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy, male and female animals, and a dual-virus approach to selectively label and manipulate fastigial outputs. We examined fastigial neurons projecting to the superior colliculus, medullary reticular formation, and central lateral nucleus of the thalamus, and found that these comprise largely nonoverlapping populations of neurons that send collaterals to unique sets of additional, somewhat overlapping, thalamic and brainstem regions. We found that neither optogenetic stimulation of superior colliculus nor reticular formation output channels attenuated hippocampal seizures. In contrast, on-demand stimulation of fastigial neurons targeting the central lateral nucleus robustly inhibited seizures. Our results indicate that fastigial control of hippocampal seizures does not require simultaneous modulation of many fastigial output channels. Rather, selective modulation of the fastigial output channel to the central lateral thalamus, specifically, is sufficient for seizure control. More broadly, our data highlight the concept of specific cerebellar output channels, whereby discrete cerebellar nucleus neurons project to specific aggregates of downstream targets, with important consequences for therapeutic interventions.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe cerebellum has an emerging relationship with nonmotor systems and may represent a powerful target for therapeutic intervention in temporal lobe epilepsy. We find, as previously reported, that fastigial neurons project to numerous brain regions via largely segregated output channels, and that projection targets cannot be predicted simply by somatic locations within the nucleus. We further find that on-demand optogenetic excitation of fastigial neurons projecting to the central lateral nucleus of the thalamus—but not fastigial neurons projecting to the reticular formation, superior colliculus, or ventral lateral thalamus—is sufficient to attenuate hippocampal seizures.
Overexpressing Histone Deacetylase 5 in Rat Dorsal Striatum Alters Reward-Guided Decision-Making and Associated Neural Encoding
Authors: Pribut Heather J. , Vázquez Daniela , Wei Alice D. , Tennyson Stephen S. , Davis Ian R. , Roesch Matthew R. , Li Xuan
Published: October 2021

Accumulating evidence in the past decade implicates histone-modifying enzymes, such as class I histone deacetylases (HDACs), in learning and memory and, recently, habit formation. However, it is unclear whether HDACs play roles in complex cognitive function. To address this issue, we examined the role of dorsal striatal HDAC5, a class II HDAC, in reward-guided decision-making and associated neural encoding in rats. We first injected adeno-associated virus to overexpress a nuclear-localized HDAC5 in dorsal striatum (DS). We then recorded neural correlates from dorsolateral striatum (DLS) as rats performed two reward-guided choice tasks, in which we manipulated either the size of or delay to reward. During these tasks, rats first learned which of two options led to the better reward and then reversed those contingencies in a second block of trials. We found that rats with HDAC5 overexpression in DS responded faster and chose higher value reward more often during the first block of trials but were less able to reverse those contingencies in the second block of trials. At the neural level, HDAC5 overexpression in DS elevated and reduced the number of cells in DLS that increased firing to stimuli and reward, respectively, and shifted encoding toward cues that predicted more immediate reward. These results suggest that the HDAC5 overexpression in DS contributes to inflexible decision-making, demonstrating a role of histone-modifying enzymes in complex cognitive function.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHDACs are important for learning and habit formation. Here, we expanded on these functions and found that overexpression of HDAC5 produced faster and more automatic behavior, and related changes in dorsolateral striatal neural firing in rats performing a value-based decision-making task. These results implicate HDAC5 as a potential therapeutic target for psychiatric conditions that impair decision-making and executive function.
Liver is a primary source of insulin-like growth factor-1 in skin wound healing
Authors: Roberts Rita E , Cavalcante-Silva Jacqueline , Kineman Rhonda D , Koh Timothy J
Published: October 2021

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 plays important role in tissue repair through its ability to stimulate wound cell activity. While IGF-1 is expressed locally by wound cells, liver-derived IGF-1 is also present at high levels in the circulation, and the contributions of local vs circulating IGF-1 to wound levels remain undefined. The hypothesis of this study was that liver is a primary source of IGF-1 during skin wound healing. To test this hypothesis, we utilized a model that allows inducible ablation of IGF-1 specifically in liver of adult mice. We demonstrate that ablation of liver IGF-1 leads to >85% loss of circulating IGF-1 and ~60% decrease in wound IGF-1 during the proliferative phase of healing in both male and female mice. This reduction of liver-derived IGF-1 did not alter local mRNA expression of Igf1 in wounds. Knockdown of liver IGF-1 significantly delayed wound re-epithelialization and reduced granulation tissue formation and collagen deposition. Knockdown of liver IGF-1 also significantly reduced angiogenesis and resulted in persistent macrophage accumulation. In summary, liver is a primary source of IGF-1 in skin wounds and contributes to many aspects of both epithelial and dermal healing.
CATEGORIES OF “OWN” AND “ALIEN” IN PETER HøeG’S NOVEL MISS SMILLA&#039;S FEELING FOR SNOW
Authors: SHARAPENKOVA NATALIA , SUKHOTSKAYA IOLANTA
Published: October 2021

The article examines the categories of “own” and “alien” using Peter Høeg’s bestselling novel Miss Smilla’s Feeling for Snow (1992), which addresses compelling issues of modern Scandinavian society. The main character Smilla, half Danish, half Greenlander, tries to find out who is responsible for the tragic death of her neighbors’ small boy. She was born in Greenland, spent her childhood there and grew up in Denmark, so the investigation helps Smilla to understand her place in the modern world. The categories of “own” and “alien” are closely intertwined both in Smilla’s mind and in the surrounding reality. The authors analyzed which components constituted the picture of the heroine’s world and determined the etymology of the categories of “own” and “alien”. Various methods of culturological and literary text analysis, the method of selective commenting, the descriptive method, and component analysis were chosen as the main research methods. The results showed that Smilla still calls herself a Greenlander, but does not deny the influence of life in Denmark on her personality.
A tanulók éneklési attitűdjére ható tényezők vizsgálata
Authors: Váradi Judit , Óváry Zoltán
Published: October 2021

Összefoglaló. A tanulmány egy empirikus kutatás eredményét mutatja
be, melynek célja négy közép-európai ország 19 iskolájában folyó zenei nevelési
gyakorlat elemzése és a tanulók (N = 805) zenei kultúrájának
kialakulására ható tényezők vizsgálata. A szakirodalmi előzmények ismeretében a
felmérés feltérképezi az egyes országok oktatási sajátosságai közötti
hasonlóságot és különbséget. Kiemelten vizsgálja a 8–15 éves tanulók énekléshez
fűződő attitűdjét és az azt befolyásoló tényezőket, rávilágít a szülők
kulturális tőkéjének hatására. Eredményeink szerint a különböző országok eltérő
tananyaga és módszertani útmutatója ellenére a tevékenységközpontú, élményalapú
oktatás iránymutató pedagógiai módszer a művészeti nevelés területén.

Summary. The study presents the results of an empirical research,
the aim is analysing the music education in 19 schools of four Central European
countries and examining the factors influencing the development of students’
musical culture (N = 805). Based on the background of the
literature, the survey maps the similarities and differences between the
educational peculiarities of each country. It examines the 8–15 years old
pupils’ attitudes towards singing and the underlying factors, as well as the
impact of parents’ cultural capital. According to our results, despite the
different curricula and methodological guidelines of different countries,
activity-based, experience-based education is a guiding pedagogical method in
the field of arts education.
Watershed subdivision and weather input effect on streamflow simulation using SWAT model
Authors: Alsilibe Firas , Bene Katalin
Published: October 2021

In watershed modeling research, it is practical to subdivide a watershed into smaller units or sub-watersheds for modeling purposes. The ability of a model to simulate the watershed system depends on how well watershed processes are represented by the model and how well the watershed system is described by model input. This study is conducted to evaluate the impact of watershed subdivision and different weather input datasets on streamflow simulations using the soil and water assessment tool model. For this purpose, Cuhai-Bakonyér watershed was chosen as a study area. Two climate databases and four subdivision variations levels were evaluated. The model streamflow predictions slightly effected by subdivision impact. The climate datasets showed significant differences in streamflow predictions.
Experimental study on examining the fire load of a small compartment
Authors: László Gabriella , Hajdu Flóra , Kuti Rajmund
Published: October 2021

In Hungary a lot of people live in condominiums or in block of flats where fire often occurs despite of precise design and effective fire protection arrangements. This means a hazard for the people living there, for the building constructions and also for the environment. A deeper knowledge of the burning process and examining the negative effects of fire load on building constructions with scientific methods are actual questions nowadays. In order to get to know the phenomena more accurately, fire spread in a bedroom was modeled and numerical simulation was carried out, which is presented in this paper in detail. These experiences may help increasing the fire safety and preventing fires in apartments. The simulations were carried out considering the characteristics of the Hungarian architecture.
Infant Mortality in the United States, 2019: Data From the Period Linked Birth/Infant Death File
Authors: Ely Danielle , Driscoll Anne
Published: October 2021

This report presents 2019 infant mortality statistics and examines trends in infant mortality.
Influence Assessment of the Information Concerning the Bearing Type of Axle Box of Cars on the Automatic Classification Accuracy of Heated Boxes
Authors: Burchenkov V. V
Published: October 2021

Purpose. The main purpose of the work is to determine and classify the heated cars’ boxes based on the probability of appearance of roller and cassette type boxes in the classes of heated and overheated boxes, as well as the laws of probability density distribution of the recognition signs of normally heated and overheated roller and cassette type boxes. Methodology. The operation features of freight cars with cassette type axle boxes with increased operating heating have been investigated. The methodology of assessing the probability of recognition errors was proposed, which takes into account the fact that sets of normally heated and overheated boxes consist of subsets of boxes with different types of bearings. A system of equations is obtained, the roots of which represent еру values that minimize the recognition probability of the errors of the heated boxes. Findings. It was found out that with some methods of determining the bearing type, for example, by the average value of the ranges of thermal image for each car, the probability of erroneous selection may depend on the probability density distribution of the sign for bearings of different types and the threshold value of this sign. The optimal thresholds for detecting the overheated roller boxes in comparison with the optimal thresholds for detecting overheated cassette boxes were determined. It has been established that the pass of an overheated cassette bearing, provided that the type of bearing is determined correctly, is less likely to lead to an accident than if the cassette box is classified as a roller box. The rejection criteria of axle boxes according to their heating temperature difference on one of the wheel set axis for three variants of settings of the alarm system according to an arrangement of multipurpose complexes of technical means (CTM) were formulated. The practical implementation of this method of adjusting the CTM settings for the Minsk branch of the Belarusian Railways was demonstrated. Originality. A system of equations is obtained, which allows finding the optimal values of temperature thresholds for the detection of overheated roller and cassette boxes under the assumption that the error probabilities in the selection of boxes by their types are known and constant. Practical value. The developed method of adjusting the alarm settings of CTM makes it possible to significantly reduce unjustified train delays and the number of car uncouplings.
Permissible Values of the Dynamic Impact of the Rolling Stock on the Railway Track in the Case of Axle Load Increase
Authors: Patlasov O. M. , Fedorenko Y. M
Published: October 2021

Purpose. The study is aimed at determining experimentally the values of the parameters characterizing the dynamic effect of rolling stock on the railway track, substantiating the maximum permissible (limiting) values. Methodology. To investigate the interaction between the track and the rolling stock, the devices to record various physical processes were installed on the experimental sections. The devices were installed in 8 sections along the outer railway line. To establish the actual state of the track, field measurements were carried out in accordance with the Program and research methodology. Findings. According to the results of experimental tests of the impact on the track, it was revealed that the average vertical loads, and, accordingly, the average vertical deformations, under the cars with an axle load of up to 25 tf/axle are higher than that under the cars with an axle load of up to 23.5 tf/axle by 8 percent. The maximum vertical loads under the cars with an axle load of 25 tf/axle exceeded the average loads by 10.0 tf, and under the cars with an axle load of up to 23.5 tf/axle exceeded the average values by 12.8 tf. During the tests, no cars were found in which the vertical dynamic force exceeds 20 tf, and the horizontal force exceeds 10 tf. Therefore, the norms of permissible dynamic impact can be taken in accordance with the Regulations on Preventive Maintenance and Repair Track Work on the Railways of Ukraine. Originality. The authors conducted a study to assess the dynamic characteristics of the interaction of track and rolling stock, in particular the stresses in the edges of the rail base, vertical and horizontal forces from the wheels of rolling stock. Practical value. On the basis of the results obtained, it is possible to estimate the permissible values of the dynamic effect of the rolling stock on the railway track to substantiate the need to change the standards for the material consumption of the track superstructure and labor. In turn, this will make it possible to plan the repair and track periods more economically and according to the actual indicators of the state of the track superstructure.
Avanços e desafios nos 20 anos da Política Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição
Authors: Santos Sandra Maria Chaves dos , Ramos Flávia Pascoal , Medeiros Maria Angélica Tavares de , Mata Mayline Menezes da , Vasconcelos Francisco de Assis Guedes de
Published: October 2021

Objetivou-se analisar aspectos dos processos de formulação, atualização e implementação da Política Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição (PNAN), de 1999 a abril de 2020. Trata-se de artigo de debate, utilizando-se de fontes documentais institucionais, busca bibliográfica em base de dados nacionais e internacionais, teses e dissertações. Adotou-se a teoria do ciclo das políticas públicas para sistematizar e apresentar o conjunto das informações. A PNAN foi instituída em 1999 e atualizada 10 anos depois, em processo participativo, fundamentando-se em abordagem inovadora centrada nos paradigmas das práticas alimentares saudáveis, do direito humano à alimentação e da segurança alimentar e nutricional, alinhados ao Sistema Único de Saúde. Quanto à implementação, verificam-se avanços relativos à publicação dos Guias Alimentares com diretrizes nacionais; ao fomento à pesquisa em alimentação e nutrição; à ação coletiva para construção da agenda regulatória, ainda que com embates, e à descentralização de recursos financeiros para execução das ações da PNAN. O monitoramento e a avaliação focaram-se na situação alimentar e nutricional; constatou-se a insuficiência de mecanismos para retroalimentar a política. Após 20 anos, a PNAN mantém o desafio de cumprimento efetivo do seu compromisso histórico: a garantia universal do direito humano à alimentação adequada e saudável.
Interest in COVID-19 in Latin America and the Caribbean: an infodemiological study using Google Trends
Authors: Aragón-Ayala Carlos Jesús , Copa-Uscamayta Julissa , Herrera Luis , Zela-Coila Frank , Quispe-Juli Cender Udai
Published: October 2021

Infodemiology has been widely used to assess epidemics. In light of the recent pandemic, we use Google Search data to explore online interest about COVID-19 and related topics in 20 countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. Data from Google Trends from December 12, 2019, to April 25, 2020, regarding COVID-19 and other related topics were retrieved and correlated with official data on COVID-19 cases and with national epidemiological indicators. The Latin American and Caribbean countries with the most interest for COVID-19 were Peru (100%) and Panama (98.39%). No correlation was found between this interest and national epidemiological indicators. The global and local response time were 20.2 ± 1.2 days and 16.7 ± 15 days, respectively. The duration of public attention was 64.8 ± 12.5 days. The most popular topics related to COVID-19 were: the country’s situation (100 ± 0) and coronavirus symptoms (36.82 ± 16.16). Most countries showed a strong or moderated (r = 0.72) significant correlation between searches related to COVID-19 and daily new cases. In addition, the highest significant lag correlation was found on day 13.35 ± 5.76 (r = 0.79). Interest shown by Latin American and Caribbean countries for COVID-19 was high. The degree of online interest in a country does not clearly reflect the magnitude of their epidemiological indicators. The response time and the lag correlation were greater than in European and Asian countries. Less interest was found for preventive measures. Strong correlation between searches for COVID-19 and daily new cases suggests a predictive utility.
Roles for community health workers in diabetes prevention and management in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Babagoli Masih A. , Nieto-Martínez Ramfis , González-Rivas Juan P. , Sivaramakrishnan Kavita , Mechanick Jeffrey I
Published: October 2021

Diabetes prevalence is increasing worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), posing the need for improved detection and management strategies. Chronic disease models and lifestyle medicine provide structures for action. Community health workers (CHWs) can significantly contribute to chronic disease care if they are trained and integrated into low-resource health systems. Although most current CHWs worldwide are performing maternal/child health and infectious disease-related tasks, other programs involving CHWs for noncommunicable disease prevention and management are increasing. In this article, we discuss the advantages, challenges, and questions regarding possible roles assigned to CHWs in the prevention and management of diabetes. These roles include performing simple screening tests, implementing lifestyle/behavioral interventions, and connecting patients with alternatives to biomedicine. Specifically, CHWs can aid diabetes epidemiological surveillance by conducting risk score-based screening or capillary glucose testing, and they can facilitate diabetes self-management by delivering interventions described in the transcultural diabetes nutrition algorithm. Furthermore, while this role has not formally been assigned, CHWs can leverage their intimate knowledge of local practices to provide decision-making support to patients in environments with pluralistic health systems. Ethnocultural differences in CHW functions and transcultural adaptations of their roles in diabetes care should also be considered. In summary, CHWs can improve diabetes care by screening high-risk individuals and implementing lifestyle interventions, especially in LMIC.
Tempo máximo para o início do tratamento do câncer de boca no Brasil após a publicação da legislação de 2012: tendência no período 2013-2019
Authors: França Mary Anne de Souza Alves , Nery Newillames Gonçalves , Antunes José Leopoldo Ferreira , Freire Maria do Carmo Matias
Published: October 2021

O estudo buscou investigar se o tempo máximo de demora (60 dias) para o início do tratamento dos pacientes com câncer de boca a partir do diagnóstico, previsto na Lei Federal nº 12.732/2012, foi alcançado no Brasil no período de 2013-2019 e descrever a tendência do número de casos que iniciaram o tratamento no tempo máximo. Realizou-se um estudo de séries temporais utilizando dados dos tratamentos (N = 37.417) do Painel-Oncologia, disponível no Departamento de Informática do SUS (DATASUS), segundo região de residência dos pacientes. Para análise da tendência executou-se a regressão de Prais-Winsten. Nos anos 2018 e 2019 foram observados percentuais mais elevados para os tratamentos em até 60 dias, sendo mais acentuado no intervalo de até 30 dias. Em 2019, 61,5% dos tratamentos iniciaram em até 60 dias, com maiores proporções nas regiões Sul (71,3%), Sudeste (60,1%) e Centro-oeste (59,1%). A tendência temporal da categoria 0-60 dias foi crescente na Região Norte, com variação percentual anual (VPA) de 15,7% e estacionária nas demais regiões e para o Brasil. A tendência do tempo de 0-30 dias foi crescente apenas para as regiões Norte e Nordeste, com VPA de 29,75% e 20,56%, respectivamente. Conclui-se que a partir de 2018 houve um maior número de casos que iniciaram o tratamento do câncer de boca no tempo de demora, conforme previsto na Lei nº 12.732/2012 (até 60 dias), com diferenças regionais e tendência estacionária na maioria das regiões e no Brasil. O alcance parcial da meta, o predomínio da tendência estacionária e as desigualdades regionais indicam a necessidade de continuar monitorando o tempo de demora para o início do tratamento do câncer no país e intensificar esforços para garantir o cuidado em saúde.
Structure and genetic variability of the Mexican Sardo Negro breed
Authors: Domínguez-Viveros Joel , Reyes-Cerón Antonio , Saiz-Pineda Juan Fernando , Villegas-Gutiérrez Cesar , Aguilar-Palma Guadalupe Nelson , Rodríguez-Almeida Felipe Alonso
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT: This study analyzed the Sardo Negro breed pedigree (41,521 animals registered from 1958 to 2019) to determine its structure, evolution, and genetic variability (GV). The population genetic parameters evaluated were effective number of founders (fe) and ancestors (fa), pedigree integrity, additive genetic relationship (AGR); number of complete generations (NCG), maximum generations traced (NMGT), and equivalent complete generations (NECG); effective population size (Ne), inbreeding coefficient (F), and generation interval (GI). The average GI was 7.45 years. A total of 7,804 founders and 4,856 ancestors were identified for a fe of 185 and a fa of 97. The average and maximum values of NCG, NECG, and NMGT were 1.6 and 5.0, 2.5 and 6.5, 4.3 and 12, with Ne estimates of 15.9, 25.9, and 69.0, respectively. The increase in F, linked to Ne, ranged from 0.72% to 3.1% per generation. The average values for F and AGR were 3.6% and 1.0%, respectively. The proportion of inbred individuals was 32.0%, with F values ranging from 0.01 to 62.2% and an average of 11.3%. The rate of inbred population was 1.3% per year. The annual rate of AGR was 0.04%. For the continuity and projection of the breed, the evolution of F as a function of Ne and the possible implications of the selection schemes must be considered. The genetic variability sustained over time results from the Ne.
Distribution of non-structural carbohydrates in the vegetative organs of upland rice
Authors: Costa Niedja Bezerra , Bezerra Gustavo de Andrade , Pinheiro Filho Geovanni de Oliveira , Moraes Moemy Gomes de
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Rice is one of the main foods consumed by half of the world’s population. The rice crop requires plenty of water, but upland rice is cultivated in a non-flooded environment, although its productivity is lower than that of lowland rice. Rice grains mostly consist of starch, which is synthesized from the non-structural carbohydrates imported from the vegetative organs. The long-term storage of carbohydrates plays a remarkable role in maintaining the supply of photoassimilates during grain filling if photosynthesis does not meet energy demand. Therefore, the dynamics of non-structural carbohydrates is central to the productivity of rice crops. The present study aimed to determine the non-structural carbohydrate content and soluble carbohydrate profiles in different vegetative organs of upland rice of the genotype BRS Esmeralda. The content was determined at the end of vegetative development. The identification and quantification of carbohydrates were performed by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Fully expanded leaf blades, expanding leaf blades, and expanding stems exhibited the soluble carbohydrate content of 59.7, 53.3, and 52.3 mg g-1 DM, respectively. The stem was found to be the main organ for the long-term storage of non-structural carbohydrates, wherein the starch content was 36.1 mg g-1 DM. It also contained soluble carbohydrates such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose. The non-structural carbohydrates were found in low amounts in the roots, showing that this organ does not store long-term carbohydrates.
Diretrizes, estratégias de prevenção e rastreamento do câncer do colo do útero: as experiências do Brasil e do Chile
Authors: Claro Itamar Bento , Lima Luciana Dias de , Almeida Patty Fidelis de
Published: October 2021

Resumo Este artigo analisa as políticas e ações de controle do câncer do colo do útero no Brasil e no Chile, com foco na prevenção e no rastreamento. Adotou-se a abordagem comparativa, buscando identificar semelhanças e diferenças entre as diretrizes e as estratégias de prevenção e rastreamento do câncer do colo do útero entre os países. A pesquisa compreendeu revisão bibliográfica, análise documental e de dados secundários e consultas a especialistas, técnicos e dirigentes do programa. Em que pesem as diferenças nas estratégias de rastreamento do câncer do colo do útero, o Chile possui um programa bem estruturado, com concentração de decisões no nível nacional e um sistema que permite o monitoramento das ações. O Brasil enfrenta recorrentes problemas relacionados à falta de uma coordenação das ações e falhas no segmento das mulheres com exames alterados. As principais dificuldades para a consolidação de programas de rastreamento do câncer do colo do útero (não realização da busca ativa da população em risco, ausência de sistema de controle de qualidade dos exames e seguimento inadequado de mulheres com resultados alterados) são mais evidentes no Brasil. Em ambos os países há necessidade de aumento da cobertura e implantação do rastreamento organizado.
Reusing and/or reprocessing the N95 face respirator mask or equivalent: An integrative review
Authors: Gir Elucir , Menegueti Mayra Gonçalves , Sousa Laelson Rochelle Milanês , Pereira-Caldeira Natália Maria Vieira , Carvalho Milton Jorge de , Reis Renata Karina
Published: October 2021

Objective: to analyze the scientific evidence available on the different reprocessing methods and the necessary conditions for reuse of the N95 face respirator mask or equivalent. Method: an integrative literature review. The PICO strategy was used to elaborate the question. The search was conducted in four databases: PubMed, SciVerse Scopus, WebofScience and EMBASE, considering any period of time. Results: a total of 32 studies were included from the 561 studies identified, and they were presented in two categories: “Conditions for reuse” and “Reprocessing the masks”. Of the evaluated research studies, seven(21.8%) addressed the reuse of the N95 face respirator mask or equivalent and 25(78.1%) evaluated different reprocessing methods, namely: ultraviolet germicidal irradiation(14); hydrogen peroxide(8); vapor methods(14); using dry heat(5) and chemical methods(sodium hypochlorite[6], ethanol[4] and sodium chloride with sodium bicarbonate and dimethyldioxirane[1]). We emphasize that different methods were used in one same article. Conclusion: no evidence was found to support safe reprocessing of face respirator masks. In addition, reuse is contraindicated due to the risk of self-contamination and inadequate sealing.
Burnout, daytime sleepiness and sleep quality among technical-level Nursing students
Authors: Amaral Kawanna Vidotti , Galdino Maria José Quina , Martins Júlia Trevisan
Published: October 2021

Objective: to evaluate the association of the burnout syndrome with daytime sleepiness and sleep quality among technical-level Nursing students. Method: a cross-sectional, analytical and quantitative study, conducted with 213 students from four technical Nursing courses in a city of Paraná, Brazil. Data collection was carried out using an instrument containing characterization information, the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Student Survey, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: the prevalence values of the burnout syndrome, excessive daytime sleepiness and poor sleep quality were 4.7%, 34.7% and 58.7%, respectively. Excessive daytime sleepiness significantly increased the chances of high emotional exhaustion (ORadj: 5.714; p<0.001) and high depersonalization (ORadj: 4.259; p<0.001). Poor sleep quality, especially sleep disorders, was associated with all dimensions of the syndrome (p<0.05). Conclusion: high levels of the burnout syndrome dimensions were associated with excessive daytime sleepiness and poor sleep quality. Educational institutions should include sleep hygiene and psychosocial support in their student health promotion programs.
El rol del sexo en la estructura de la población de nematodes en una especie de anfibio del Monte de Argentina
Authors: Castillo Gabriel N. , González-Rivas Cynthia J. , Acosta Juan C.
Published: October 2021

RESUMEN Diversos estudios comparativos han demostrado que los hospedadores machos no sólo podrían albergar más parásitos que las hembras, sino también tener un rol en la estructura de la población de nematodes. Debido a esto, debatimos la función que tiene el sexo en el parasitismo en una población de anfibios en un sector del monte. Analizamos el contenido gastrointestinal en busca de endoparásitos de 43 ejemplares de Pleurodema nebulosum (Burmeister, 1861), 38 adultos (26 machos y 12 hembras) y 5 juveniles. Nuestros resultados indicaron que únicamente machos se encontraban parasitados asociado con una curva correspondiente a un modelo parasitismo/ rango - edad tipo III. Aplectana nebulosa Piñeiro-Gómez, González & Sanabria, 2017 (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) presenta un patrón de distribución agregado ajustado a un modelo Poisson. Pleurodema nebulosum (Anura: Leptodactylidae) es oportunista para reproducirse en periodos de lluvia, debido a esto nosotros proponemos como hipótesis que el momento de infección por nematodes probablemente ocurra durante estos cortos periodos en lagunas temporales formadas. El parasitismo en machos podría estar relacionado a factores hormonales debido al periodo reproductivo. Por lo tanto el sexo sería un factor importante en la estructuración de las poblaciones parásitas de esta especie de anfibio.
INDUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF EMBRYOGENIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CALLUS OF THE OIL PALM HYBRID MANICORÉ
Authors: Vilela Marlúcia Souza Pádua , Andrade Jéssica de Castro e , Santos Raíssa Silveira , Stein Vanessa Cristina , Alves Patrick Callegari Magnani Santos , Paiva Luciano Vilela
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Large-scale oil palm propagation (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is difficult due to its unique apical meristem. In this context, micropropagation allows the multiplication of seedlings in vitro and the storage of germplasm elites. This study aimed to induce embryogenic calluses from leaves of oil palm plants in low concentrations of auxins and to observe the maintenance of these characteristics during in vitro cultivation. Calluses were induced in 0.5 cm leaf explants in Y3 culture medium supplemented with Picloram (4-Amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) or 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), at concentrations of 0, 1, 3, 6, and 9 mg L-1. The callus with embryogenic appearance was subcultured and evaluated regarding maintenance of embryogenic characteristics by cytochemical analyses. The best treatment for induction of calluses was composed of 1mg.L-1 of Picloram, which led to 30% callus formation. The calluses were classified into4 types, based on color and morphology. The cells of calluses with nodular and beige appearance have embryogenic characteristics, and the embryogenic potential of the cell masses was maintained over the 20 months of cultivation. This differentiated adaptation to the protocol can allow the advance in the mass propagation of oil palm through tissue culture, indicating the importance of investigating the topics proposed by the research.
Ensino de astronomia: uma abordagem didática a partir da Teoria da Relatividade Geral
Authors: Ferreira Marcello , do Couto Roberto Vinícios Lessa , da Silva Filho Olavo Leopoldino , Paulucci Laura , Monteiro Fábio Ferreira
Published: October 2021

A partir da análise de uma articulação entre as perspectivas cognitivistas da aprendizagem significativa de David Ausubel e educacionais das comunidades de investigação presentes no programa de filosofia de Matthew Lipman, este artigo discute o desenvolvimento de um produto educacional acerca de tópicos de astronomia. A aplicação foi feita em uma turma do terceiro ano do ensino médio da rede pública do Distrito Federal. As aulas foram distribuídas em quatro grandes temas: gravitação universal e sistema solar; relatividade geral; buracos negros; e lentes gravitacionais. Conteúdos, atividades e abordagens diversificados foram mediados por tecnologias educacionais digitais e as avaliações consideraram a proficiência como níveis de expressão das respectivas teorias psicológica e educacional. Os resultados revelaram o entusiasmo e interesse dos estudantes pelos temas propostos. Também foi possível verificar indicadores do desenvolvimento de habilidades de raciocínio, formação de conceitos, investigação, tradução e indícios de aprendizagem significativa. Por fim, foi possível concluir que a inserção de temas ligados à astronomia e à física moderna e contemporânea são viáveis no ensino médio, mesmo no contexto precário da escola pública, em contraposição ao currículo atual de física, desgastado e baseado principalmente na física clássica e em abordagens metodológicas muitas vezes difusas.
Pobreza e tomada de decisão financeira: evidências de uma pesquisa em assentamentos rurais no estado de Tocantins
Authors: Fonseca Fernando Sérgio de Toledo
Published: October 2021

Resumo: Uma vasta literatura recente na área de economia comportamental tem investigado como a pobreza afeta a tomada de decisão financeira, considerando vieses cognitivos no processo decisório individual. No Brasil, há pouquíssimos trabalhos empíricos que abordam a influência de vieses cognitivos na tomada de decisão das famílias pobres. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar empiricamente como as famílias pobres tomam decisões em relação à poupança. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo a partir de uma amostra intencional não probabilística em assentamentos rurais no norte do estado de Tocantins. Como estratégia para coleta de dados, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com responsáveis da unidade familiar. Conclui-se que a baixa capacidade de aspiração e o viés do presente, potencializados pela condição de pobreza, comprometem severamente a capacidade de poupança e a tomada de decisão em relação ao futuro dessas famílias. As escolhas feitas perpetuam sua condição de pobreza. Desse modo, algumas lições e sugestões são extraídas do estudo para o aprofundamento de pesquisas futuras e o aprimoramento do desenho de políticas.