bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic-resistant pathogens in the occupational environment
Authors: Ławniczek-Wałczyk Anna , Górny Rafał L.
Published: March 2021

Despite the fact that antibiotic resistance is an important and growing public health problem, there is still a low awareness of the threat of drug-resistant microorganisms among the public, healthcare professionals and entrepreneurs not related to health care. It is estimated that antibiotic resistant pathogens are responsible for about 33 000 deaths in the European Union and costs more than EU 1.5 billion euros each year in terms of healthcare costs and productivity losses.
Hence, the purpose of this paper is to provide readers with an insight into the mechanisms of drug resistance, pathogenesis and spread, and to analyze available preventive measures to limit their spread in the occupational environment.
Trust vs. social and professional functioning (2)
Trust at work – a resource of the highest need
Authors: Ordysiński Szymon
Published: March 2021

The second part of the article presents the results of research on the relationship of trust and work safety in an enterprise. The cited research results indicate that trust has an indirect impact on key organizational OSH factors in an enterprise, such as leadership and the safety climate, mainly by affecting employees' commitment to safety. The article also draws attention to the negative impact of trust on maintaining an appropriate level of safety in an enterprise, through the emergence of the harmful phenomenon of captainitis. The results of statistical data analyzes from publicly available studies on the relationships of trust with unsafe behaviors and actions that are inconsistent with universally binding norms and social behavioral patterns, as well as working conditions and socio-demographic features are also presented.
Development of cauliflower seedlings due to the increase of silicon in substrate
Authors: Soares  Wenneck Gustavo , Saath Reni , Rezende Roberto , Cesar  Santi Danilo , Felipe  Barion  Andrean André , Leite de Araújo Larissa , de Oliveira Sá Nathália
Published: March 2021

The production of seedlings is an important step in the establishmentof the crop, with repercussions on yield, whose application of Si can improve phytosanitary and performance characteristics.The objective of the study was to analyze the increase of silicon in substrate on the development of seedlings of Brassica oleraceavar. botrytis. The experiment carried out in randomized blocks, with five amounts of silicon (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g kg-1of substrate) and four replications. Silicon oxide (98% SiO2) used, mixed with the substrate with subsequent filling of the polyethylene trays (128 cells) and seeding. The trays kept in a greenhouse. At 30 days after sowing, the height of seedlings, number of leaves, fresh weight of leaves and stem, dry weight of leaves, stem and root evaluated. The data subjected to analysis of variance by the F test and regression analysis. Of the variables analyzed, only the dry root mass did not show a significant difference. Quadratic models can represent the variation in components. Seedling height increased with the increase of silicon up to thedoseof 75 g kg-1. Other variables showed increases up to a dose of 50 g kg-1. The increase of silicon in the substrate was efficient in the development of seedlings of Brassica oleraceavar. botrytisin an amount of up to 50 g kg-1of substrate.
Late harvest and chemical treatment of cowpea seeds
Authors: Zampar Toledo Mariana , Junior Bilck Daniel , Banhara Machado Cleiton
Published: March 2021

Reduced quality ofcowpea due to late harvest and therefore pathogen incidence may influence the results of the germination test, whenever losses are associated with the agentsadhered to seed coat;in that context, chemical treatmentof seeds during the evaluations may reflect more accurately physiological quality of the samples, which in turn may assurethe emergence results of healthy seedlings and establishment of appropriate plant populations inthe field. This study had the objective ofevaluating the effects of fungicide treatment on minimizing physiological quality losses of cowpea seedsdue to lateharvestin germination and seedling development tests. The experimental design was the completely randomized with four replications. Treatments consisted of cowpea, cultivar BRS Guariba, harvested at different times (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days after physiological maturity)andtreated or not with fungicide carboxim+thiramfor seed quality tests. Seeds were initially characterized by seed moisture and mass. Afterwards, sampleswere evaluated by tests ofgermination percentage, germination first count, seedling length and dry matter. Data was submitted to variance analysisand means were analyzed as a 2x6 factorial. Means from chemical treatment and harvest times were compared by the Tukey test and regression analysis (p≤0.05), respectively, with subsequent unfolding of any significant interactions. Delayed harvest of cowpea seeds sharply reduces germination and vigor; fungicide treatment before performing physiological tests enables to establish thatseed quality losses can bein part caused by pathogen vehiculationonthe seed coat.
Seedlings production of Gomphrena globosaand Petunia x hybridain different times and substrates
Authors: Duarte  Bergmann Miréli , Borges  Batista Carine , Júnior  Soldateli Francis , dos  Santos  Soares Franciéle , Chuquel Mello Anderson , Zago Ethur Luciana
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the seedlings growth of Petunia x hybridaand Gomphrena globosaat different times and substrates based on agricultural residues. A completely randomized experimental design was adopted, in a factorial scheme, with treatments consisting of four replications and the experimental unit formed by ten plants. The flower species Petunia x hybridaand G. globosawere cultivated in five substrate compositions and in two seasons, with sowing carried out in April and June for Petunia x hybridaand April and October for G. globosa. The substrates were composed using commercial substrate (CM), bovine manure (BM), worm humus (WM) and rice husk ash (HA), in volumetric proportions: (S1) 100% CS; (S2) 40% CS + 20% BM + 20% WH + 20% HA; (S3) 60% CS + 20% WH + 20% HA; (S4) 60% CS + 20% BM + 20% HA; and (S5) 80% CS + 20% BM. Emergence, emergence speed index, height, number of leaves, length of the largest leaf, length of the largest root, dry mass of the aboveground part, dry mass of the root system and total dry mass were evaluated. The seedlings growth of the Petunia x hybridaand G. globosachanged according to the characteristics of the substrates and the growing seasons. The substrate composed with 80% commercial substrate and 20% bovine manure showed similar or superior results to the commercial substrate and can be used in order to reduce production costs without prejudice to the seedlings growth. The cultivation of Petunia x hybridain April resulted in seedlings with greater height, leaf length and greater accumulation of phytomass. The G. globosa seedlings showed greater development of the aboveground part and the root system, in addition to greater accumulation of phytomass when cultivated in October.
Harbinger: Um framework para integração e análise de métodos de detecção de eventos em séries temporais
Authors: Salles Rebecca , Escobar Luciana , Baroni Lais , Zorrilla Roccio , Ziviani Artur , Kreischer Vinicius , Delicato Flavia , Pires Paulo F. , Maia Luciano , Coutinho Rafaelli , Assis Laura , Ogasawara Eduardo
Published: March 2021

Ao analisar séries temporais é possível observar mudanças significativas no comportamento das observações que frequentemente caracterizam a ocorrência de eventos. Eventos se apresentam como anomalias, pontos de mudança, ou padrões frequentes. Na literatura existem diversos métodos para detecção de eventos. Entretanto, a busca por um método adequado para uma série temporal não é uma tarefa simples, principalmente considerando-se que a natureza dos eventos muitas vezes não é conhecida. Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta Harbinger, um framework para integração e análise de métodos de detecção de eventos. O Harbinger foi avaliado em dados sintéticos e reais, onde foi possível constatar que suas funcionalidades promovem a seleção de métodos e a compreensão dos eventos detectados.
SmarT: Uso de Aprendizado de Máquina para Filtragem e Recuperação Eficiente de Dados Espaciais e Temporais em Big Data
Authors: Oliveira Sávio S. Teles de , Rodrigues Vagner J. do Sacramento , Martins Wellington S.
Published: March 2021

Com o aumento do volume de dados de séries temporais na era de Big Data, a filtragem e recuperação eficiente de um grande volume de dados, utilizados como entrada no processamento de séries temporais, são uns dos maiores desafios da área. Diversos sistemas de Big Data foram criados para lidar com estes desafios, mas nenhum possui o melhor desempenho de filtragem e recuperação de dados em todos os cenários com filtros espaciais e temporais. Este trabalho apresenta o motor de busca SmarT que utiliza algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina para escolher, em tempo real, o melhor sistema Big Data para filtrar e recuperar os dados de séries temporais. O trabalho avalia o Apache Spark, Elasticsearch e SciDB e mostra uma redução de quase 22% do tempo de resposta utilizando o SmarT.
Improving Search Quality with Automatic Ranking Evaluation and Tuning
Authors: Cavalcante Larícia , Lima Ullayne , Barbosa Luciano , Gomes Ana Luiza , Santana Éden , Martins Thiago
Published: March 2021

Search is a common feature available in document-based applications. It allows users to find information of interest easier. Two essential aspects for building an effective search is to evaluate the ranking quality and be able to efficiently tune it based on this evaluation. In this paper, we present our Automatic Ranking Tuning and Evaluation System (ARTES) that measures the ranking performance based on users’ clicks on search resulting pages and automatically tunes the search ranking function by applying a Bayesian Optimization algorithm. Our system is integrated with Elasticsearch, a widely-used search engine, which provides the search functionality. The whole solution is currently used by our customer support platform to help users effectively find relevant information, as our experimental evaluation confirms.
A Process for Inference of Columnar NoSQL Database Schemas
Authors: Frozza Angelo Augusto , Defreyn Eduardo Dias , Mello Ronaldo Dos Santos
Published: March 2021

Although NoSQL Databases do not require a schema a priori, to be aware of the database schema is essential for activities like data integration, data validation or data interoperability. This paper presents a process for inference of columnar NoSQL DB schemas. We validate the proposed process through a prototype tool that is able to extract schemas from the HBase columnar NoSQL database system. HBase was chosen as a case study because it is one of the most popular columnar NoSQL solutions. When compared to related work, we novel by proposing a simple solution for the inference of column data types for columnar NoSQL databases that store only byte arrays as column values, as well as a generated schema that follows the JSON Schema format.
Uma Proposta de Mapeamento do Modelo Conceitual Entidade-Relacionamento Estendido para o Modelo de Dados NoSQL de Grafos
Authors: Urquiza Junior Luiz Sergio Velasques , Cura Luis Mariano del Val
Published: March 2021

Este artigo propõe uma série de algoritmos em alto nível para o mapeamento dos elementos do modelo conceitual Entidade-Relacionamento Estendido (EER) para um modelo lógico de multigafo de propriedades. Nesta abordagem, considera-se um projeto de banco de dados tradicional, iniciando com a modelagem conceitual e posterior mapeamento, via algoritmos bem definidos, para um modelo lógico de grafos. Pretende-se que o modelo lógico gerado seja utilizado como ferramenta de validação e verificação de restrições de integridade em bancos de dados de grafos (BDG)
LGPD: A Formal Concept Analysis and its Evaluation
Authors: Martins Antônio Diogo Forte , Barros Patrícia Vieira da Silva , Monteiro José Maria , Machado Javam De Castro
Published: March 2021

Nowadays, personal data generated through the use of smart devices are collected and stored by many companies. So, concerns about privacy issues are raised by users. In this context, the Brazilian General Law for the Protection of Personal Data (LGPD) was proposed in 2018. It regulates how any company must store and process personal data. This paper details the results of applying formal concept analysis (FCA) to the LGPD. The goal of applying FCA was to elicit key insights to support software development or re-design in compliance with LGPD. Besides, we propose an automatic manner to apply FCA.
Sind Auszubildende mit Migrationshintergrund schlechter gestellt? Ressourcen, Berufsaspirationen und ethnische Unterschiede im sozioökonomischen Status des Ausbildungsberufs
Authors: Schels Brigitte , Schwarz Lisa
Published: March 2021

Vielfach zeigt sich in Deutschland eine Benachteiligung von Jugendlichen mit Migrationshintergrund im Schulsystem und beim Zugang zu Ausbildung. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die weiterführende Frage, ob sich bei Auszubildenden mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund Unterschiede hinsichtlich des sozioökonomischen Status des Ausbildungsberufs zeigen. Hierfür werden zum einen die Ressourcen der Auszubildenden mit Blick auf Human- und Sozialkapital und zum anderen ihre realistischen Berufsaspirationen als Einflussfaktoren berücksichtigt. Auf Basis von Analysen mit der Startkohorte 4 des Nationalen Bildungspanels (NEPS) werden Auszubildende in Betrieben und an Berufsfachschulen mit maximal Realschulabschluss untersucht. In der Gesamtbetrachtung lassen sich keine Gruppenunterschiede im Status des Ausbildungsberufs feststellen. Anhand von stufenweisen linearen Regressionsmodellen kann jedoch aufgedeckt werden, dass dahinter zwei gegenläufige Zusammenhänge stehen, einerseits weil Auszubildende mit Migrationshintergrund im Schnitt über eine schlechtere Ausstattung an ausbildungsmarktrelevanten Ressourcen verfügen, insbesondere mit Blick auf Schulabschluss und -leistungen, aber andererseits höhere realistische Berufsaspirationen haben, die für die Positionierung im Berufsbildungssystem unabhängig von schulischen Leistungen relevant sind. Dennoch ist der Zusammenhang zwischen realistischen Berufsaspirationen und Status des Ausbildungsberufs bei Auszubildenden mit Migrationshintergrund geringer als bei Auszubildenden ohne Migrationshintergrund, was auf Informationsdefizite und eine Fehleinschätzung der tatsächlichen Optionen auf dem Ausbildungsmarkt hindeutet.
Gegen das Gemeinwohl. Eine qualitative Studie zur Deutung der Dieselfahrverbote in Stuttgart
Authors: Sonnberger Marco , Leger Matthias
Published: March 2021

Als eine Folge des sogenannten Dieselskandals wurden in mehreren deutschen Städten Fahrverbote für ältere Dieselfahrzeuge verhängt. Diese Fahrverbote waren und sind Gegenstand äußerst kontroverser öffentlicher Auseinandersetzungen. Stuttgart war die erste Stadt, in der flächendeckende Einfahrverbote für ältere Dieselfahrzeuge verhängt wurden. Basierend auf sieben Fokusgruppendiskussionen zum Thema Dieselfahrverbote, die im November und Dezember 2018 mit Stuttgarter*innen und Einpendler*innen aus dem Stuttgarter Umland durchgeführt wurden, arbeiten wir zentrale Aspekte der öffentlichen Wahrnehmung und Bewertung der Fahrverbote in Stuttgart heraus. Die Auswertung des Materials erfolgte in Anlehnung an die Codierschritte der Grounded Theory und hatte die Identifikation zugrundeliegender Deutungsmuster zum Ziel. Anhand des Materials lässt sich zeigen, dass die Deutung der Fahrverbote im Wesentlichen durch empfundene Ungerechtigkeit sowie unterschiedlich schattiertes Unverständnis und Skeptizismus gekennzeichnet ist. Als Adressatin geäußerter Kritik fungiert dabei in erster Linie die, oftmals abstrakt gehaltene, „Politik“. Basierend auf einer sozialen Gemengelage des Misstrauens gegenüber politischen Akteuren lässt sich ein zugrundeliegendes Deutungsmuster der „undurchsichtigen Interessenspolitik zum Nachteil der ‚einfachen‘ Bürger*innen“ identifizieren, das in zwei unterschiedlichen Argumentationsmodi kommuniziert wird. Die Ergebnisse lassen sich als eine Illustration des spezifischen Umgangs der Bürger*innen mit der Komplexität und Ambiguität sozialökologischer Transformationen interpretieren.
DZHW-Promoviertenpanel. Datenbeschreibung, Analysepotential und Zugangswege
Authors: Vietgen Sandra , Vogel Susanne de , Brandt Gesche
Published: March 2021

Das Promoviertenpanel 2014 ist eine bundesweit repräsentative Studie des Deutschen Zentrums für Hochschul- und Wissenschaftsforschung (DZHW) über die Karriereverläufe der Promovierten des Prüfungsjahrgangs 2014. Im Rahmen der Studie wird untersucht, welche Einflüsse die formalen Promotionskontexte und die konkreten Lern- und Entwicklungsbedingungen, die Promovierte während ihrer Promotionsphase vorgefunden haben, auf den beruflichen Übergang nach der Promotion und auf den weiteren Berufsverlauf innerhalb und außerhalb der Wissenschaft ausüben. Die Daten der ersten beiden Befragungswellen mit 5.410 (Welle 1) bzw. 3.184 (Welle 2) auswertbaren Fällen werden über das Forschungsdatenzentrum des DZHW (FDZ-DZHW) zu Sekundärnutzungszwecken bereitgestellt. Der Artikel stellt interessierten Datennutzerinnen und -nutzern die einzelnen Datenerhebungs- und Aufbereitungsschritte, die Themenfelder und die eingesetzten Erhebungsinstrumente vor und informiert über erste empirische Befunde und mögliche Nutzungsfelder. Auch die verschiedenen Zugangswege zu den Daten werden erläutert.
Die Festhaltenserklärung des Leiharbeitnehmers bei der illegalen und der verdeckten Arbeitnehmerüberlassung
Authors: Kruppa Sophie
Published: March 2021

As part of the amendment to the German Temporary Employment Act in 2017, the legislator introduced a right to remain with the existing employer. It enables temporary employees to avert a legally ordered change of employer if they are illegally assigned to third parties. This is intended to resolve the conflict with the temporary employee's freedom of occupation. The study is focusing on whether the legislator has succeeded in this regard. Thereby not only the right to remain itself, but also the newly established prohibition of concealed supply of temporary employees is under scrutiny. The regulations are comprehensively analysed on the level of ordinary law as well as constitutional law.
An Unusual Presentation of Choriocarcinoma: A Case Report with a Long Latent Period
Authors: Najib Fateme Sadat , Shiravani Zahra , Hajisafari Mojgan , Moradi Alamdarloo Shaghayegh , Hashemi Atefe , Razavi Behnaz , Mokhtari Maral
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Choriocarcinoma (CC) is a rare malignant tumor of trophoblastic tissue. This tends to invade rapidly to the vasculature and metastasis to the lung, vagina, brain, and liver. CC can present with a variety of manifestations, such as hemoptysis, gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, and abnormal uterine bleeding. Commonly, the latent period to the development of CC is not more than 1 year after the antecedent molar or normal pregnancy. In this report, the patient developed CC about 32 months after her previous known pregnancy. We reported a rare case of gestational CC that occurred about 32 months after her antecedent pregnancy. Case Presentation: A 21-year-old admitted in shock with abnormal uterine bleeding, pain, and lower abdominal pain. The patient had one previous cesarean section 32 months prior to admission. The vaginal examination demonstrated a fused solid cervical mass with an irregular border measuring about 7 × 7 cm. In further workup, there was evidence of a 103 × 94 × 89 mm mass with the hemorrhagic area and central necrosis in the middle and lower segments of the uterus and cervix. The patient underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy and left side salpingo-oophorectomy. The diagnosis of CC was made after microscopic examination. Conclusions: There are few case reports of choriocarcinoma with more than a year latent period after antecedent pregnancy. The strongest hypothesis is having asymptomatic pregnancy during the period between the last pregnancy and the development of CC. However, the possibility of non-gestational choriocarcinoma in such cases should be considered. Treatment with a single- or multiple-agent chemotherapy regimen should be immediately initiated after diagnosis in these cases.
The Prognostic Role of Body Mass Index in Survival of Non-metastatic Postoperative Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Fanipakdel Azar , Hosseini Sare , Javadinia Seyed Alireza , Afkhami Jeddi Farzin , Vasei Mostafa
Published: March 2021

Background: Rather body mass index (BMI) has a potential prognostic role in determining the outcome of patients suffering from colorectal cancer or not should be clear. Objectives: We aimed at determining the potential effects of BMI on the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. Methods: In this cohort study, documents of 1550 patients with colorectal cancer between 2002 and 2020 from Omid hospital and Emam Reza hospital (Mashhad, Iran) databases were evaluated, retrospectively. The multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regressions were used at the significance level of P < 0.05. Results: Nine hundred twenty patients included in the current study. Most of patients were categorized as normal weight (38.91%). The prevalence of underweight and overweight/obese were 26.19% and 34.9%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) based on BMI (OS: 108.2 ± 7.0 months for underweight, 124.0 ± 6.2 months for normal weight, and 130.9 ± 4.5 months for overweight/obese patients; P = 0.2 and DFS: 97.0 ± 6.5, 110.0 ± 5.6, and 113.7 ± 5.0, respectively; P = 0.3). Conclusions: The BMI had no significant effect on long-term outcomes of patients with colorectal cancer. However, there was an insignificant trend to better outcome in patients with higher BMI comparing the underweight group.
Theoretical research of the external temperature influence on the traction and speed properties and the fuel economy of cargo-carrying vehicles
Authors: Kulmukhamedov Zhasur , Khikmatov Ravshan , Saidumarov Alisher , Kulmukhamedova Yulduz
Published: March 2021

The aim is to develop a methodology for determining analytically the fuel consumption in a hot climate and substantiate reliability, as well as the possibility of its application by comparison with test results. The article proposes analytical methods for calculating fuel economy and traction-speed properties when modeling the movement of cargo-carrying vehicles on real routes, based on theoretical and experimental studies in a hot and dry climate, which allows for determining the efficiency of cargo-carrying vehicles objectively in terms of traction and speed, fuel and economic indicators. Using the statistical processing of experimental, theoretical research data, the authors calculate the coefficient X2, which allows for evaluating the adequacy of the mathematical model and experimental data. The paper provides for an assessment of fuel economy and traction and speed properties. The authors presented the results in graphs for the ease of evaluating the effect of external temperature on fuel consumption and the average speed of a road train. The authors' methodology allows for determining the efficiency of cargo-carrying vehicles in a hot and dry climate.
Green last mile distribution system: Heterogeneous fleet vehicle routing problem with time window and external cost
Authors: Nahry Nahry , Ayu Talitha
Published: March 2021

The development of e-commerce business in Jakarta, Indonesia, in recent years has made the Last Mile Delivery (LMD) business sector develop rapidly. Increased demand for LMD makes the resulting kilometer trips even greater, resulting in negative externalities. On the other hand, logistics costs in Indonesia are only affected by vehicle operating costs and no external cost component. Optimization of LMD services that take into account internal and external costs is needed to minimize the total cost of LMD and in reducing the impact of negative externalities. The purpose of this paper is to optimize the LMD distribution system on the Heterogeneous Fleet Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Window and External Costs (HFVRPTW-EC) models. The optimization is done by applying the HFVRPTW-EC model using data from one of the parcel deliveries companies in Jakarta and then doing a simulation by forming several operational scenarios. The results show that the optimization of LMD has reduced internal and external costs by more than 50% compared to existing conditions. The detailed results show that, for the short-term program, a scenario with a one-tier distribution system and type of motorcycle vehicle can reduce total costs compared to existing conditions by 66.22% on a peak day and 59.41% on off-peak day. Whereas for long-term program optimization, scenarios with multiple tier distribution systems and types of motorized vehicles for drop mileage and pick up truck for stem mileage can reduce total costs by 69.23% on a peak day and 60.24% on off-peak day.
Efficacy of Hypertonic Saline-Epinephrine Local Injection Around the Anal Side before Endoscopic Papillectomy for Ampullary Tumors
Authors: Okano Naoki , Igarashi Yoshinori , Ito Ken , Mizutani Saori , Nakagawa Hiroki , Watanabe Kouji , Yamada Yuuto , Yoshimoto Kensuke , Kimura Yuusuke , Iwasaki Susumu , Takuma Kensuke , Hara Seiichi , Kishimoto Yuui
Published: March 2021

Background/Aims: Bleeding is a complication of endoscopic snare papillectomy for ampullary tumors. This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of hypertonic saline-epinephrine (HSE) local injection before endoscopic papillectomy for prevention of bleeding.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 107 consecutive patients with ampullary tumors who underwent endoscopic papillectomy. The rates of en bloc resection, pathological resection margins, and prevention of immediate or delayed bleeding in the simple snaring resection group (Group A) and the HSE injection group (Group B) were compared.Results: A total of 44 and 63 patients were enrolled in Groups A and B, respectively. The total complete resection rate was 89.7% (96/107); the clinical complete resection rates in Group A and Group B were 86.3% (38/44) and 92.1% (58/63), respectively (p=0.354). Post-papillectomy bleeding occurred in 22 patients. In Groups A and B, the immediate bleeding rates were 20.5% (9/44) and 4.8% (3/63), respectively (p=0.0255), while the delayed bleeding rates were 7% (3/44) and 11% (7/63), respectively (p=0.52). The rates of positive horizontal and vertical pathological margin in both groups were 27% and 16%, respectively.Conclusions: HSE local injection was effective in preventing immediate bleeding and was useful for safely performing endoscopic papillectomy for ampullary tumors.
Propriedades químicas do solo e desenvolvimento do coentro tratado com biofertilizante e cobertura de moringa
Authors: Lima Brisa Ribeiro de , Donato Júnior Enok Pereira , Bebé Felizarda Viana , Oliveira Elcivan Pereira , Pereira Erinaldo Gomes , Fernandes Erika da Costa
Published: March 2021

O coentro destaca-se como cultura geradora de renda para agricultura familiar e orgânica. Através das técnicas de cobertura vegetal e aporte de nutrientes com biofertilizante é possível melhorar a fertilidade do solo, promover o bom desenvolvimento das plantas de coentro, e melhorar a renda dos agricultores. Desta forma, o objetivo foi avaliar as propriedades químicas do solo e o desenvolvimento do coentro sob aplicação de biofertilizante e cobertura de moringa. Foram estudadas 5 concentrações de biofertilizante associados a presença e ausência de cobertura vegetal de moringa em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foram mensuradas massa fresca e seca da parte aérea, altura, número de hastes e teor de clorofila das plantas de coentro e propriedades químicas para fins de fertilidade do solo (pH, P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, H+Al, CE, MO). Realizou-se análise de variância e análise de regressão. A aplicação do biofertilizante e a presença de cobertura de moringa no solo influenciaram isoladamente todas as características agronômicas de desenvolvimento do coentro, mas não houve interação significativa entres os fatores de variação. Observa-se que a MFPA e a MSPA da cultura responderam linearmente às doses crescentes de biofertilizante, sendo 15% o tratamento com maior produção de massa que alcançou valores médios de 1,7 e 0,23 g planta‑1 respectivamente. No solo, o aumento gradual do biofertilizante influenciou o pH, as concentrações de K+, Na+ e CE com respostas lineares crescentes e o P, Al+3, H+Al e MO com tendências polinomiais decrescentes e não influenciaram as concentrações de Ca+2 e Mg+2. Na avaliação das plantas e das propriedades químicas do solo, os melhores resultados foram obtidos sob aplicação de 15% de biofertilizante e quando em solos cobertos por moringa.
Disponibilidade de fósforo em sítios de terra preta arqueológica em Oriximiná, Brasil
Authors: Silva Lucas Santos da , Reis Iolanda Maria Soares , Sousa Mateus Alves de , Pimentel Marcelo Laranjeira , Rebellato Lilian , Silva Suelany Sousa da , Silva Ulisses Sidnei da Conceição
Published: March 2021

Grande parte dos solos amazônicos geralmente são ácidos, com capacidade de troca de cátions e fertilidade baixas, o que os torna limitante para o aumento da produtividade e sustentabilidade dos sistemas agrícolas nesta região. Devido a isso, agricultores familiares estão utilizando áreas de Terra Preta Arqueológica (TPA) para os seus cultivos, pois estas apresentam elevados teores de nutrientes, principalmente fósforo e cálcio (P e Ca). As TPA são decorrentes de atividades humanas pretéritas, portanto, são antigos assentamentos indígenas caracterizados como sítios arqueológicos.  Neste sentido, o objetivo no trabalho foi analisar a disponibilidade de P nos solos de cinco sítios arqueológicos no Município de Oriximiná, Brasil. Foram avaliadas amostras de TPA nas profundidades 0-0,20 e 0,20-0,40 m dos sítios arqueológicos (Maracajá, Faissal, Praia, Juquirizinhos I e II). Os teores de P disponível foram elevados, variando de 4 a 304 mg kg-1. O sítio arqueológico que apresentou o maior teor médio foi o Juquirizinho I, variando de 17 a 202 mg kg-1 de P e o que apresentou menor teor médio foi o Praia, variando de 5 a 20 mg kg-1 de P. Houve grande variação nos teores de P entre os sítios, com destaque para o Juquirizinho I, que apresentou valores entre 17 a 202 mg kg -1. Quatro dos cinco sítios avaliados apresentaram alta disponibilidade de P, mas algumas áreas amostradas apresentaram valores abaixo de 30 mg kg–1, neste sentido não apresentaram horizonte A antrópico. Houve grande variação dos teores de fósforo em profundidade, considerando o mesmo sítio arqueológico.
Estudo climatológico dos eventos extremos de precipitação no município de Tracuateua, PA (Brasil)
Authors: Rosa Amanda Gama da , Pereira Fabiana da Silva , Costa Alessa Nayhara Mendanha , Pinheiro Cézar Di Paula da Silva
Published: March 2021

A presente pesquisa avaliou a série de dados meteorológicos de precipitação pluvial e temperatura do ar de 1973 a 2012, referentes à estação meteorológica de Tracuateua, obtidos do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Com a análise dos dados foi possível verificar que há dois períodos de precipitação bem definidos, um mais chuvoso (janeiro a junho), em que a precipitação é mais intensa nos meses de março, abril e maio, e outro menos chuvoso (julho a dezembro), em que a estiagem é maior nos meses de setembro, outubro e novembro. Além disso, foi possível identificar que o ano de 1985 foi o mais chuvoso, associado à evento de La Niña, e o ano de 2010 o menos chuvoso, ligado à evento de El Niño. Assim, a identificação de eventos associados à precipitação através do uso de dados meteorológicos permitirá uma melhor compreensão dos processos envolvidos nos mesmos, podendo inclusive, auxiliar na tomada de decisão de políticas públicas pertinentes.
Mudanças climáticas e/ou mudanças socioculturais na Amazônia Legal
Authors: Bolwerk Diógenes Alencar , Ertzogue Marina Haizenreder
Published: March 2021

As mudanças climáticas e socioculturais vêm gerando variações climáticas em várias regiões além de influenciar na dinâmica do ciclo hídrico das bacias no bioma amazônico. Essas mudanças desencadeiam reações de ajustes nos ciclos hidrológicos, assim o estudo propõe estabelecer conexões entre o funcionamento biológico da floresta e o clima produzidos naturalmente e/ou pela ação antrópica (socioculturais), considerando como variáveis ambientais a temperatura, precipitação e emissão de CO2 e como variáveis socioculturais as queimadas e o desmatamento progressivo e por corte raso. Metodologia: O estudo considerou, apenas, o bioma amazônico brasileiro, com recorte temporal de janeiro de 2004 a janeiro de 2016. Os dados foram coletados nos bancos de dados do INPE, INMET, NOAA, IBGE, PRODES, e DETER. Resultados e discussão: Foi observada correlação entre a densidade populacional e desmatamento, justificado basicamente por uma “nova” lógica de ocupação vinculada ao grande empreendimento – frente pioneira de expansão sobre o território. O corte raso possui correlações inversas com a temperatura média máxima, e a razão de densidade populacional por área. Correlações positivas foram observadas com a precipitação total e a ocorrência das queimadas e a elevação de CO2. Obtiveram-se correlações positivas na elevação de CO2 e a razão de densidade populacional por área. As variáveis de mudanças climáticas apresentaram correlações positivas nas médias de temperatura máximas com o desmatamento progressivo e na razão de densidade populacional por área, a concentração de CO2 e principalmente com a ocorrência das queimadas. Fracas correlações e inversas com o desmatamento por corte raso e uma forte correlação inversa com a quantidade de precipitação. Considerações Finais: Deve-se atentar a retirada da cobertura vegetal no bioma Amazônia, em conjunto com as práticas de antropização socioculturais de cunho pirogênicas observadas no período de estudo. Demonstram haver correlações diretas e inversas e que estão fortemente relacionadas com o cenário econômico-social. E esses fatores reúnem o conjunto com potencial de contribuir na ampliação na ocorrência de eventos climáticos extremos como da estiagem (secas) e inundações impacta diretamente no ciclo hidrológico da Região Amazônica.
Three-Day Dietary Manipulation in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Bromley Lacey E. , Horvath Peter J. , Bennett Susan E. , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca , Rideout Todd C. , Browne Richard W. , Ray Andrew D.
Published: March 2021

Background:

In persons with multiple sclerosis (MS), the effect of nutrition on exercise performance and fatigue remains unknown. The objective was to determine whether a 3-day diet high in triglycerides (FAT) compared with a 3-day diet high in carbohydrates (CARB) would improve fatigue and exercise performance in persons with MS.

Methods:

A randomized controlled crossover design was incorporated to study FAT versus CARB on submaximal cycling endurance (60% of peak oxygen consumption), substrate utilization, and fatigue in 12 persons with mild-to-moderate MS (Expanded Disability Status Scale score, 2.0–5.0) and 12 age- and sex-matched controls.

Results:

There were no differences in cycling time between diets in either group (P = .29). The MS group had no changes in fatigue between diets (P = .64); the control group demonstrated increased total mental fatigue after FAT (P = .05). The control group increased carbohydrate oxidation by 24% at rest and 13% during exercise after CARB. Similarly, the control group significantly increased fat oxidation after FAT by 22% at rest and 68% during exercise (P = .01). These changes were not seen in the MS group. Compared with controls, persons with MS oxidized approximately 50% less fat during exercise after FAT (P = .05).

Conclusions:

Neither CARB nor FAT altered submaximal exercise performance or baseline fatigue in the MS group. The results suggest that persons with MS are unable to adapt to dietary changes and oxidize fatty acids as efficiently as controls.
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome Caused by an Occult Schwannoma of the Posterior Tibial Nerve: Avoidance of Delay in Diagnosis
Authors: Yalcin Mehmet Burak , Ozer Utku Erdem
Published: March 2021

Tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS), resulting from compression of the posterior tibial nerve (PTN) within the tarsal tunnel, is a relatively uncommon entrapment neuropathy. Many cases of tarsal tunnel syndrome are idiopathic; however, some causes, including space-occupying lesions, may lead to occurrence of TTS symptoms. Schwannoma, the most common tumor of the sheath of peripheral nerves, is among these space-occupying lesions, and may cause TTS when it arises within the tarsal tunnel, and it may mimic TTS even when it is located outside the tarsal tunnel and cause a significant delay in diagnosis. The possibility of an occult space-occupying lesion compressing the PTN should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of TTS, and imaging studies that are usually not used in entrapment neuropathies may be of importance in such patients. This case report presents a 65-year-old woman with TTS symptoms and neurophysiologic findings secondary to an occult schwannoma of the PTN proximal to the tarsal tunnel. Avoidance of delay in diagnosis in secondary cases is emphasized.
DPM Foot and Ankle Fellowship Selection Criteria: Survey of Fellowship Directors
Authors: Gangopadhyay Paula , McCann Michael , Bonvillian John
Published: March 2021

Background

A recent increase in podiatric medicine fellowships has occurred as the field continues to progress. Research regarding selection criteria from a fellowship director's perspective for potential fellows is lacking. This study aimed to examine objective and subjective selection criteria that directors consider when selecting applicants for the interview and when ranking prospective fellows after the interview.

Methods

We electronically surveyed American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons fellowship directors with preselected criteria for granting applicants an interview and for compiling their ranking list after the interview. A Likert scale from 1 (most important) to 5 (least important) was used to prioritize each criterion, an average rating was calculated, and the results were placed in order of importance.

Results

The most important selection criteria for granting an interview were quality of residency program (1.985), a written personal statement of reasons for attending that fellowship (2.063), and publications/presentations produced as a resident (2.267). The most important criteria in completing the ranking order after the interview were assessment of applicant's personality (1.111), interview performance (1.173), and expressed interest in program (1.563).

Conclusions

Knowledge of the selection criteria that fellowship directors seek in applicants can assist those who desire to further their training. The selection criteria that program directors seek differed between being selected for the interview, which combined both objective and subjective criteria, and when compiling their rankings after the interview, which included only subjective criteria. Results show more emphasis on subjective selection criteria when directors select applicants for an interview and when ranking applicants after the interview.
Does the Association of Microfractures for the Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus Affect the Outcome Following Arthroscopic Treatment for Chronic Ankle Instability?
Authors: Legnani Claudio , Borgo Enrico , Macchi Vittorio , Ventura Alberto
Published: March 2021

Background

The purpose of the present study was to retrospectively compare the outcomes of patients who underwent arthroscopic thermal capsular shrinkage with those who underwent both arthroscopic thermal capsular shrinkage and arthroscopic osteochondral lesion (OCL) treatment with microfractures. Our hypothesis was that the simultaneous treatment does not negatively affect the outcome of the combined surgical procedure by influencing the postoperative rehabilitation protocol and does not significantly differ from capsular shrinkage alone in terms of subjective and objective outcomes.

Methods

Seventy-six patients with chronic ankle instability were treated at our department from 2004 to 2012 and reviewed retrospectively. Forty-two patients underwent arthroscopic thermal-assisted capsular shrinkage (group A), and 34 patients underwent combined arthroscopic capsular shrinkage and microfractures for OCL lesions of the talus (group B). All patients underwent a four-step surgical procedure including synovectomy, debridement, capsular shrinkage, and bracing and nonweightbearing for 21 days. In patients with OCL lesions, microfractures of the OCL were associated. Clinical assessment included objective examination, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle and hindfoot scoring system, Karlsson-Peterson score, Tegner activity level, and Sefton articular stability scale.

Results

The median follow-up was 6 years (range, 2–9 years). The median postoperative visual analogue scale score, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score, and Tegner score were improved from the preoperative level for both groups (P < .001). No significant difference was found between the two groups for the subjective scores and satisfaction rate (P = not significant). Similarly, no significant difference regarding the incidence of range-of-motion restriction was reported between the two groups (P = not significant).

Conclusions

The association of microfractures for the treatment of osteochondral lesions does not affect the outcome following arthroscopic treatment for chronic ankle instability up to 6 years from surgery.
TDP-43 maximizes nerve conduction velocity by repressing a cryptic exon for paranodal junction assembly in Schwann cells
Authors: Chang Kae-Jiun , Agrawal Ira , Vainshtein Anna , Ho Wan Yun , Xin Wendy , Tucker-Kellogg Greg , Susuki Keiichiro , Peles Elior , Ling Shuo-Chien , Chan Jonah R
Published: March 2021

TDP-43 is extensively studied in neurons in physiological and pathological contexts. However, emerging evidence indicates that glial cells are also reliant on TDP-43 function. We demonstrate that deletion of TDP-43 in Schwann cells results in a dramatic delay in peripheral nerve conduction causing significant motor deficits in mice, which is directly attributed to the absence of paranodal axoglial junctions. By contrast, paranodes in the central nervous system are unaltered in oligodendrocytes lacking TDP-43. Mechanistically, TDP-43 binds directly to Neurofascin mRNA, encoding the cell adhesion molecule essential for paranode assembly and maintenance. Loss of TDP-43 triggers the retention of a previously unidentified cryptic exon, which targets Neurofascin mRNA for nonsense-mediated decay. Thus, TDP-43 is required for neurofascin expression, proper assembly and maintenance of paranodes, and rapid saltatory conduction. Our findings provide a framework and mechanism for how Schwann cell-autonomous dysfunction in nerve conduction is directly caused by TDP-43 loss-of-function.
An efficient approach for low latency processing in stream data
Authors: Bhatt Nirav , Thakkar Amit
Published: March 2021

Stream data is the data that is generated continuously from the different data sources and ideally defined as the data that has no discrete beginning or end. Processing the stream data is a part of big data analytics that aims at querying the continuously arriving data and extracting meaningful information from the stream. Although earlier processing of such stream was using batch analytics, nowadays there are applications like the stock market, patient monitoring, and traffic analysis which can cause a drastic difference in processing, if the output is generated in levels of hours and minutes. The primary goal of any real-time stream processing system is to process the stream data as soon as it arrives. Correspondingly, analytics of the stream data also needs consideration of surrounding dependent data. For example, stock market analytics results are often useless if we do not consider their associated or dependent parameters which affect the result. In a real-world application, these dependent stream data usually arrive from the distributed environment. Hence, the stream processing system has to be designed, which can deal with the delay in the arrival of such data from distributed sources. We have designed the stream processing model which can deal with all the possible latency and provide an end-to-end low latency system. We have performed the stock market prediction by considering affecting parameters, such as USD, OIL Price, and Gold Price with an equal arrival rate. We have calculated the Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE) which simplifies the comparison among models with different scales. A comparative analysis of the experiment presented in the report shows a significant improvement in the result when considering the affecting parameters. In this work, we have used the statistical approach to forecast the probability of possible data latency arrives from distributed sources. Moreover, we have performed preprocessing of stream data to ensure at-least-once delivery semantics. In the direction towards providing low latency in processing, we have also implemented exactly-once processing semantics. Extensive experiments have been performed with varying sizes of the window and data arrival rate. We have concluded that system latency can be reduced when the window size is equal to the data arrival rate.
Determining insulin sensitivity from glucose tolerance tests in Iberian and landrace pigs
Authors: Rodríguez-López José Miguel , Lachica Manuel , González-Valero Lucrecia , Fernández-Fígares Ignacio
Published: March 2021

As insulin sensitivity may help to explain divergences in growth and body composition between native and modern breeds, metabolic responses to glucose infusion were measured using an intra-arterial glucose tolerance test (IAGTT). Iberian (n = 4) and Landrace (n = 5) barrows (47.0 ± 1.2 kg body weight (BW)), fitted with a permanent carotid artery catheter were injected with glucose (500 mg/kg BW) and blood samples collected at -10, 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min following glucose infusion. Plasma samples were analysed for insulin, glucose, lactate, triglycerides, cholesterol, creatinine, albumin and urea. Insulin sensitivity indices were calculated and analysed. Mean plasma glucose, creatinine and cholesterol concentrations were lower (P < 0.01) in Iberian (14, 68 and 22%, respectively) than in Landrace pigs during the IAGTT. However, mean plasma insulin, lactate, triglycerides and urea concentrations were greater (P < 0.001) in Iberian (50, 35, 18 and 23%, respectively) than in Landrace pigs. Iberian pigs had larger area under the curve (AUC) of insulin (P < 0.05) or tended to a greater AUC of lactate (P < 0.10), and a smaller (P < 0.05) AUC for glucose 0-60 min compared with Landrace pigs. Indices for estimating insulin sensitivity in fasting conditions indicated improved β-cell function in Iberian compared with Landrace pigs, but no difference (P > 0.10) in calculated insulin sensitivity index was found after IAGTT between breeds. A time response (P < 0.05) was obtained for insulin, glucose and lactate so that maximum concentration was achieved at 10 and 15 min post-infusion for insulin (Iberian and Landrace pigs, respectively), immediately post-infusion for glucose, and 20 min post-infusion for lactate, decreasing thereafter until basal levels. There was no time effect for the rest of metabolites evaluated. In conclusion, growing Iberian pigs challenged with an IAGTT showed changes in biochemical parameters and insulin response that may indicate an early stage of insulin resistance.