bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Handling the crisis: A Keynesian vs. Austrian analysis of the Great Recession
Authors: Fast Richard
Published: November 2021

This paper explores the differences between the mainstream economic interventionist view associated with John Maynard Keynes and the heterodox, non-interventionist Austrian School perspective associated with Friedrich Hayek on the Great Recession of 2007–2009. The literature review compares and contrasts articles explaining each view as they attempt to solve the problem of ending the recession. The heterodox Austrian School/Hayekian view is that central banks should take a hands-off approach to recessions, whereas the mainstream neo-Keynesian view is that central banks should take a more active role through monetary easing in an attempt to end the Great Recession. These two approaches are at odds with each other, but through this thorough and robust analysis, we will understand the similarities (if any) as well as substantial differences and what they can tell us for the next recession. Also included is a section on Methodology to highlight the differences in how economists of both camps conduct their research and present their findings to argue their case. The paper uses an analytical framework to show how the Austrian/Hayekian and Keynesian approaches differ both in content and methodology. The Keynesian perspective makes use of graphs and empirical data in the primary sources referenced to prove that the federal government and the Federal Reserve should have acted more quickly to implement an interventionist economic recovery. On the other hand, the Hayekian/Austrian approach makes use of methodological individualism and praxeology as the lens with which to examine the Great Recession and to show that such economic interventionism had the opposite of the intended effect; intervention, according to the Austrians, made the crisis worse. Not only are their conclusions different, but the means by which they examine the crisis are different as well. Finally, the paper examines some areas for future research on both sides to make each case stronger. Special emphasis is placed on how to develop the arguments of these two views further with regard to future recessions, particularly of the magnitude of the 2007–2008 financial crisis
Preparation and application of taste bud organoids in biomedicine towards chemical sensation mechanisms
Authors: Liu Shuge , Zhu Ping , Tian Yulan , Chen Yating , Liu Yage , Chen Wei , Du Liping , Wu Chunsheng
Published: November 2021

Taste is one of the most basic and important sensations that is able to
monitor the food quality and avoid intake of potential danger materials.
Whether as an inevitable symptom of aging or a complication of cancer
treatment, taste loss so seriously affects the patient’s life quality.
Taste bud organoids provide a great convenience for the research of
taste functions and the underlying mechanisms due to their
characteristics of availability, strong maneuverability, and high
similarity to the in-vivo taste buds. This review gives a systemic and
comprehensive introduction to the preparation and application of taste
bud organoids towards chemical sensing mechanisms. For the first, the
basic structure and function of taste buds in biomedicine will be brief
introduced. Then, the currently available approaches for the preparation
of taste bud organoids are summarized and discussed, which are mainly
divided into two categories, i.e. stem/progenitor cell-derived approach
and tissue-derived approach. For the next, different applications of
taste bud organoids in biomedicine are outlined based on their central
roles such as disease modeling, biological sensing, gene regulation, and
signal transduction. Finally, the current challenges, future development
trends and prospects of research in taste bud organoids are proposed and
discussed.
Three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in evaluating left ventricular function in patients with triple vessel coronary artery disease without myocardial infarction
Authors: Cui Xiuxiu , Bo Huaying , Dong Yu , Wang Ying , li ying , chang wenxing , Yu Tingting , Li Guangsen
Published: November 2021

Purpose Using three-dimensional speckle tracking
echocardiography (3D-STE) to evaluate left ventricular (LV) function in
patients with triple vessel coronary artery disease(TVD) without
myocardial infarction. Methods Sixty patients with TVD without
myocardial infarction were divided into two groups according to the
results of coronary angiography. Group B (n=31)：50%≤the stenosis rates
of all triple vessel coronary artery＜75%; Group C (n=29)：the stenosis
rates of all triple vessel coronary artery≥75%. Thirty healthy subjects
were recruited as the group A. We measured LV end-diastolic and
end-systolic volume (LVEDV, LVESV) and LV ejection fraction (LVEF) using
real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. The 3D-STE parameters of
LV included global longitudinal strain (GLS), global area strain (GAS),
global radial strain (GRS) and global circumferential strain (GCS).
Results In group C, LVEDV and LVESV were significantly
increased (all P＜0.05), while LVEF, GLS, GRS, GCS and GAS were
significantly decreased compared with groups A and B (all
P＜0.05). In groups A and B, there were no statistical
differences in LVEDV, LVESV and LVEF. However, GLS, GCS and GAS were
lower in group B than in group A (all P＜0.05).
Conclusion Our study shows that 3D-STE can evaluate the LV
function in patients with triple vessel coronary artery disease without
myocardial infarction through multiple strain parameters.
Banking Reform, Risk-Taking, and Accounting Quality: Evidence from Post-Soviet Transition States
Authors: Fang Yiwei , Dbouk Wassim , Hasan Iftekhar , Li Lingxiang
Published: November 2021

The drastic banking reform within Central and Eastern Europe following the collapse of the Soviet Union provides an ideal quasi-experimental design to examine the causal effects of institutional development on accounting quality (AQ). We find that banking reform spurs significant improvement in predictive power of earnings and reductions in earnings smoothing, earnings-inflating discretionary provisions, and avoidance of reporting losses. These effects hold under alternative model specifications and after considering concurrent institutional developments. In contrast, corporate reform shows no such effects, refuting the alternative explanation that unobserved factors affect both reform speed in general and the quality of financial reporting. We further identify four specific reformative actions that are integral to the drastic banking reform process where prudential regulation contributes the most to the observed AQ improvement. It supports the conjecture that banking reform improves AQ by reducing banks' risk-taking behaviors and, as a result, their motive behind accounting manipulation.

JEL Classifications: G21: G28; K20; M40; M48.
ISLAMIC VALUES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING THROUGH THE REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION (RME) MODEL
Authors: Jannah Ukhti Raudhatul , Subaidi Agus , Towafi Towafi
Published: November 2021

Mathematics is one of the subjects that are less attractive to students who attend Islamic boarding schools. They assume that mathematics has nothing to do with Islamic values. Whereas mathematics material has a relationship with Islamic values such as the material for arithmetic sequences and series. In this case, a teacher needs to use the right learning model to deliver the subject matter, for example with the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) model. RME is a model of mathematics learning that can connect mathematics learning objects with real life so that students can easily understand mathematics. This study aims to describe the effect of internalizing Islamic values in mathematics learning through the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) model in arithmetic sequences and series subjects which were carried out for two meetings. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method with the research subjects are 29 students of class XI IPA MA Matsaratul Huda. Data collection techniques used teacher and student activity observation sheets, student response questionnaire sheets, documentation, and test sheets. The results of the observation data analysis of teacher and student activities can be categorized as "very good" and students also respond "positively" to learning. From the results of student learning tests can be said to be "complete" classically with the results of 89.65% 85%. Based on the results of this study, it can be said that the internalization of Islamic values in mathematics learning through Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) affects student learning activities and outcomes and helps students understand the material and can provide new knowledge about the relationship between mathematics and Islamic values. This research can be used as an alternative in providing better learning.
IMPROVING STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES IN STATISTICS FOR RESEARCH EDUCATION COURSES USING MOODLE PLATFORM DURING PANDEMIC
Authors: Listiani Tanti
Published: November 2021

Currently, the education system is experiencing a situation that requires teachers to be able to master distance learning media, especially during this Covid-19 pandemic outbreak. The distance education system is one of the solutions to overcome difficulties in face-to-face learning with the existence of social distancing rules considering the problems of time, location, distance, and cost which are major obstacles at this time. Moodle is a platform that can be used for distance learning. This study aims to see whether there is an increase in student learning outcomes in studying educational research statistics using the Moodle platform. The type of research is classroom action research with the Pelton model. This research sample is 42 students who take education research statistics courses. The sample data was processed using descriptive statistics taken from student learning outcomes. The results showed that student learning outcomes in studying educational research statistics have increased. The Moodle platform can help students get more learning outcomes, and it is effectively used as a solution in distance lectures. Suggestions for further research are the need for improvisation in using the Moodle platform to maximize its use
PENGEMBANGAN FLIPPED CLASSROOM PADA MATA KULIAH KALKULUS INTEGRAL
Authors: Palinussa Anderson Leonardo , Mananggel Marlin Blandy
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan model pembelajaran flipped classroom dan perangkat pembelajaran berupa buku ajar dan video pembelajaran pada mata kuliah kalkulus integral. Penelitian pengembangan mengacu pada model pengembangan Plomp yang terdiri atas fase kajian awal, desain, realisasi, tes dan evaluasi, revisi serta implementasi. Perangkat yang dikembangkan adalah rencana pembelajaran mengikuti sintaks pembelajaran flipped classroom, bahan ajar serta video pembelajaran. Sumber data adalah mahasiswa pendidikan matematika yang menawarkan mata kuliah Kalkulus Integral sebanyak 70 orang dan sebelum model ini dikembangkan di validasi oleh dua ahli pembelajaran matematika dari Universitas Pattimura. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran flipped classroom dan perangkat pembelajaran berupa buku ajar dan video pembelajaran layak untuk digunakan.This study aims to develop a flipped classroom learning model and learning tools in the form of textbooks and learning videos in integral calculus courses. Development research refers to the Plomp development model which consists of the initial study phase, design, realization, test and evaluation, revision and implementation. The tools developed are lesson plans following the flipped classroom learning syntax, teaching materials and learning videos. The data source is mathematics education students who offer 70 Integral Calculus courses and before this model was developed it was validated by two mathematics learning experts from Pattimura University. The results showed that the flipped classroom learning model and learning tools in the form of textbooks and learning videos were feasible to use.
Large patent ductus arteriosus in a 14-month-old girl with low birth weight
Authors: Turdubaev Abai , Kakharova Malika
Published: November 2021

We present a case of a large patent ductus arteriosus closure with Amplatzer ductal occluder in a 14-month-old girl with low birth weight.
Büyük Veriyle Kaynak ve Kapasite Kısıtları Altında Üretim Planlama ve Çizelgeleme
Authors: AKIN Burcu , AKIN Göktürk
Published: November 2021

Büyük veri, işletmelerin iç yapısında biriken veya çeşitli dış kaynaklardan toplanan verilerin derlenmesi, depolanması, düzenlenmesi ve analiz edilmesiyle anlamlı bilgiler ortaya çıkararak, işletmeler için fayda yaratabilmektedir. İşletmenin fonksiyonlarından biri olan üretim alanında veri derlemek bu verileri yapısal hale getirerek değer yaratmak büyük avantaj yaratmaktadır. Büyük veri setlerinin analiz edilerek üretim planlamasında kullanılması hammaddelerin başarılı bir şekilde çıktılara dönüşebilmesinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Madencilik sektörü içinde birçok belirsizliği barındırması, sermaye yoğun bir iş olması nedeniyle uzun vadeli üretim planlamasına ihtiyaç duyan sektörlerden biridir. Öte yandan gelişen teknolojiyle beraber maden sahaları hakkında büyük veri setlerinin derlenebilmesi mümkün hale gelmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında açık ocak madenciliği yapan orta büyüklükte bir firmanın sahip olduğu kömür ocağında yaşanan sorunların çözülebilmesi amacıyla maden sahasından gerekli veri toplanarak uzun vadeli üretim planlaması ve çizelgelemesi yapılmıştır. Firmanın üretimini etkileyen kaynak ve kapasite kısıtları ve sahip olduğu cevherin özellikleri, literatürde yer alan tam sayılı üretim planlanma ve çizelgeleme matematiksel modellerine uyarlanmıştır. Kurulan matematiksel model Python programlama diliyle çözülmüştür. Çalışmanın sonucunda firmanın ilgili kömür ocağındaki 5 yıllık üretiminin çizelgesine ve toplamda elde edeceği kârın net bugünkü değerine ulaşılmıştır. Çalışma yararlandığı büyük veri setleri ve matematiksel model sayesinde ortaya çıkardığı plan ile firmaya gelecek için politikalar geliştirebilme imkânı sunmuştur.
Texte für verschiedene Zielgruppen mehrsprachig verfassen
Authors: Barczaitis Irina , Grieshammer Ella
Published: November 2021

Currently, European universities find themselves in processes of internationalisation. This internationalisation affects the internationality of the student body as well as teaching staff and researchers, the curricula, the way of organising study programmes and the level of academic writing. Writing pedagogy has to consider diverse parameters of (genre) expectations, writing traditions, scientific cultures, the multilingual background of the different players etc. and has to find ways to make students fit for academic writing in internationalised contexts, that is to help them develop multilingual academic writing skills. The International Writing Centre at Goettingen University has established a programme of workshops and writing tutoring named MultiConText that takes these factors into account. This paper explains this programme, and gives teachers of academic writing impulses on how to put into action a writing pedagogy that responds to the needs of multilingual students who write academically in an internationalised context. To illustrate this, three different tasks which foster multilingual academic writing skills will be presented with recommendations on how to implement them in writing classes.
Qualitative Analysis of some Types of Neutral Delay Differential Equations
Authors: Helal May Mohammed
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we conduct some qualitative analysis that involves the global asymptotic stability (GAS) of the Neutral Differential Equation (NDE) with variable delay, by using  Banach contraction mapping theorem, to give some necessary conditions to achieve the GAS of the zero solution.
Corporate Governance and Organizational Social Responsibility: discussion about the Multilatinas case
Authors: Tello-Castrillón Carlos
Published: November 2021

This paper explores the relationship between Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility (or Organizational Social Responsibility). To this end, the document is based on a case study about a Colombian long-tradition firm known as Organización Carvajal, which has extended its activity all over Latin America. The case study covers the period 2008-2015, between the arrival of a non-family CEO to the last year containing enough information about the subject at the research time. The relationship between the Corporate Governance and the Organizational Social Responsibility is studied based on a model that considers the interest of the majority-owners-block-family and CEO about the firm outlays for the Organizational Social Responsibility. The presentation is built as follows: first, central issues of the disciplinary context are shown. They are centered on placing the Corporate Governance-Organizational Social Responsibility relationship in Multilatinas among the organizational discussion. Second, the literature review explains the conceptual frame to visualize both the relationship mentioned above and the fieldwork. This part sets the theoretical model used as a referent. Finally, the case is described, discussed and the conclusions incorporated. The findings suggest that the CEO – owner agency problem in this Multilatina is not significant enough to become the main reason to alter the relationship between Corporate Governance and Organizational Social Responsibility.
PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN AKUNTANSI MELALUI WORKSHOP BINA PRESTASI
Authors: Murwani Juli , Munawaroh Titin Ervita
Published: November 2021

Kegiatan pelaksanaan program workshop bina prestasi dilaksanakan untuk meningkatkan pendalaman materi akuntansi di SMKN 1 Geger.  Pendalaman materi ini digunakan untuk persiapan siswa mengikuti ajang olimpiade yang akan dilaksanakan oleh siswa SMKN 1 Geger. Adanya kegiatan pengabdian workshop bina prestasi bertujuan untuk memberikan strategi yang lebih mudah dan menyenangkan untuk belajar akuntansi sehingga siswa lebih efektif memahami cara pengerjaan soal dengan mudah sesuai dengan pengalaman belajar dengan menggunakan strategi belajar yang cukup praktis dan menyenangkan. Hasil setelah adanya kegiatan workshop bina prestasi adalah dapat meningkatkan soft skill siswa dalam mengerjakan soal-soal akuntansi dengan baik terlihat dari siswa dapat menjawab dengan tepat, siswa terlihat bekerja sama dengan tim dan mulai terlihat kemandirian siswa dalam menjawab pertanyaan pada waktu di tanya oleh tim pengabdian masyarakat.
Diagnostic accuracy of NMP-52, NMP-22 and urine cytology in the diagnosis of bladder cancer
Authors: Saadh Mohamed J.
Published: November 2021

Bladder cancer (BC) is the most important tumor problem of urologic cancer. Therefore, noninvasive urinary biomarkers were used for diagnosis of BC. However, the new biomarkers failed to reach higher accuracy. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic efficacy of nuclear matrix protein-22 (NMP- 22), nuclear matrix protein-52 (NMP-52), urinary cytology and to investigate combinations of urine NMP-52 with urinary cytology as noninvasive biomarkers to increase diagnostic performance of bladder cancer at different grades and stages. Overall, there were 156 subjects (62 BC, 54 cystitis patients and 40 healthy volunteers). The NMP-22 and NMP-52 were quantified in urine samples by ELISA. The urinary cytology is used by some physicians routinely for diagnosis of BC. The sensitivity and specificity for NMP-52 were 94% and 82%, for NMP-22 69% and 80.8% and for cytology 56% and 94.6% respectively and also, both urinary NMP-22 and NMP-52 have extremely significant relation (p<0.0001) to BC vs. healthy individuals and cystitis patients. Moreover, the combination of NMP- 52 with urinary cytology could predict all BC stages and grade with 95.6% sensitivity and 94.3% specificity. In conclusion, NMP-52 and urinary cytology in combination improve diagnostic performance for BC detection in different pathological types.
System of equipment for reclamation as a basis to improve degraded forage lands in the Non-Chernozem region
Authors: Пунинский В.
Published: November 2021

Обновление парка мелиоративных машин и расширение площадей земель в ходе коренного улучшения деградированной пашни и малопродуктивных лугов являются взаимосвязанными направлениями. Они могут быть реализованы в ходе внедрения научно обоснованной современной Системы машин для комплексной механизации мелиоративных работ, наиболее полно отвечающей задаче проведения мониторинга рынка и обновления парка землеройных, поливных, каналоочистительных машин и специальных мелиоративных средств. В статье представлен обзор актуальности реализации Системы машин в период с 1955 года до настоящего времени, создания современного комплекса машин для технологий восстановления деградированных пахотных и кормовых угодий. Установили, что реализация Методических положений по разработке федеральных регистров базовых технологий и технических средств для производства мелиоративных работ в современных условиях обеспечивает систематизацию технологических модулей выполнения основных категорий работ и выбор рациональных комплексов машин для производства видов работ под заданные объёмы. Показано, что формирование Системы машин основывается на новых принципах: цифровой базе данных роботизации рабочих процессов замене двигателей внутреннего сгорания на электропривод рабочих органов автоматизации технологических процессов, учитывающих закономерности взаимодействия ресурсных составляющих, что позволяет сократить прирост деградированных земель и подтверждает актуальность разработки новых способов комплексной мелиорации и применения энергонасыщенных многофункциональных комбинированных агрегатов. В результате исследований определены основные прогнозные показатели дреноукладчиков, комбинированных агрегатов и обоснована область их использования с обработкой горизонтов без выноса продуктов химических реакций в водоёмы и реки.

The process of reclamative equipment renovation is closely connected to the improvement of degraded fields and unfertile grasslands. The latter requires the use of modern tested earthmoving, irrigation and reclamative equipment and sewer jetters. This review evaluates the applicability of the Equipment system from 1955 up till now and the development of modern equipment to reclaim degraded land areas. Methodology for the development of federal technology and equipment registers for land reclamation under modern conditions organizes respective technical units and selects effective machine systems. The Equipment system is based on novel principles: digital database automatization of working processes substitution of internal combustion engines for electric drivers of operating elements and technology automatization. This strategy is able to slow down land degradation and proves the efficacy of new methods of complex reclamation and utilization of multipurpose units. The investigation determined the main estimates of drainage machines and combined units and validated the area of their use for soil treatment, preventing water contamination with chemical reaction products.
On validation of solutions to linear programming problems on cluster computing systems
Authors: Соколинский Л.Б. , Соколинская И.М.
Published: November 2021

В статье представлен параллельный алгоритм валидации решений задач линейного программирования. Идея метода состоит в том, чтобы генерировать регулярный набор точек на гиперсфере малого радиуса, центрированной в точке тестируемого решения. Целевая функция вычисляется для каждой точки валидационного множества, принадлежащей допустимой области. Если все полученные значения меньше или равны значению целевой функции в точке, проверяемой как решение, то эта точка считается корректным решением. Параллельная реализация алгоритма VaLiPro выполнена на языке C++ с использованием параллельного BSF-каркаса, инкапсулирующего в проблемно-независимой части своего кода все аспекты, связанные с распараллеливанием программы на базе библиотеки MPI. Приводятся результаты масштабных вычислительных экспериментов на кластерной вычислительной системе, подтверждающие эффективность предложенного подхода.

The paper presents and evaluates a scalable algorithm for validating solutions to linear programming (LP) problems on cluster computing systems. The main idea of the method is to generate a regular set of points (validation set) on a small-radius hypersphere centered at the solution point submitted to validation. The objective function is computed at each point of the validation that belongs to the feasible region. If all the values are less than or equal to the value of the objective function at the point that is to be validated, then this point is the correct solution. The parallel implementation of the VaLiPro algorithm is written in C++ through the parallel BSF-skeleton, which encapsulates all aspects related to the MPI-based parallelization of the program. We provide the results of large-scale computational experiments on a cluster computing system to study the scalability of the VaLiPro algorithm.
OPTIMIZATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF PEELING WHEATS GRAIN
Authors: НЕВЗОРОВ В.Н. , КОЖУХАРЬ Е.Н. , САЛЫХОВ Д.В. , ЯНОВА М.А. , МАЦКЕВИЧ И.В. , РОСЛЯКОВ Ю.Ф.
Published: November 2021

Проведены исследования по оптимизации технологического процесса шелушения зерна пшеницы на разработанной опытно-экспериментальной инновационной установке – специальном устройстве для шелушения зерна. В качестве плана эксперимента выбран двухфакторный эксперимент второго порядка; независимыми переменными взяты технологический и конструктивный параметры: x1 – длительность увлажнения зерна пшеницы, мин, x2 – зазор между лопатками и корпусом устройства, мм. Качество шелушения определялось массами отдельных фракций, влажностью зерна пшеницы и длительностью процесса. Были получены уравнения регрессии, предложены оптимальные параметры процесса шелушения зерна пшеницы на разработанной установке.

Researches on optimization of technological process of peeling wheats grain on the developed skilled and experimental innovative installation – the special device for grain peeling are conducted. As the plan of the experiment was selected two-factor experiment of the second order; the independent variables was taken technological and constructive parameters: x1 – is the duration of the humidification wheats grain, min, x2 – gap between the blade and the body of the device, mm. The quality of peeling was determined by the mass of individual fractions, the moisture load of wheats grain and the duration of the process. The regression equations were obtained, the optimum process parameters were recommended for designed device for peeling of wheats grain.
Antioxidant Activity of Some Fluids Extracts of Indigenous Wild Cherry Fruits
Authors: Negreanu-Pîrjol Bogdan Ștefan , Cadâr Emin , Sîrbu Rodica , Negreanu-Pîrjol Ticuța
Published: November 2021

The paper presents un study regarding the comparative total antioxidant capacity of some fluids extracts of the soluble lipid compounds of Cerasus avium (L.) Moench. syn. Prunus avium (L.) var. sylvestris Ser fruits, popular named wild cherry, species undertaken aiming at exploiting the nutrient profiles and promoting the further development of these indigen phytopharmaceutical resources. For analysis, the photo-chemiluminescence method, ACL procedure, Analytik Jena AG, by comparing with the standard Trolox® solution, was used. Wild cherry fruits fluid extracts analyzed emphasize an increased total antioxidative capacity which may be attributed to the high level content of polyphenolic compounds and minerals content which sustains the possibility to use this valuable vegetal product for nutraceutical or comeceutical preparations.
A Foucauldian Discourse Analysis of Gender Role Expectations in George Gissing’s the Odd Women
Authors: Mir Shah
Published: November 2021

George Gissing’s The Odd Women is an engrossing study of gender role expectations in the Victorian society on the cusp of the twentieth century. It is an examination of Nineteenth century discourses on Victorian gender ideology. The novel charts and explores the life trajectories of the female protagonists within the novel. This research paper has attempted to explicate the dynamics of gender role expectations through the application of a modern theoretical framework of Foucauldian Discourse Analysis to assess how the discourses of the period inform Gissing’s narrative. The research findings suggest that the perceptions of gender in a period are directly proportionate to the norms championed through the dominant discourses. The discourses are intricately woven within the episteme of the period under analysis and a conscious review of the constitutive elements of these discursive practices reveals possibilities of change for the future through arming research investigators with insights that account for gender construction in a given period.
Studies Concerning the Stability if Antioxidant Compounds in Aronia Melanocarpa Fruits
Authors: Lupascu Naliana , Sîrbu Rodica
Published: November 2021

Aronia Melanocarpa fruits are high in vitamin C. Vitamin C is an antioxidant necessary for the human body to prevent scurvy, gum disease, bone and blood vessels and boost immunity. The paper also highlighted the determination of vitamin C in the Aronia Melanocarpa fruits, and studies on the stability of vitamin C in different pH environments in the process of oxidation in atmospheric oxygen. Ascorbics acid oxidation reaction proceeds through a chained mechanism. In 1936 Barron et all. [1], conducted the first study of auto-oxidation of ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid. Through this research, we highlight areas where vitamin C pH will be stable.
The Poetry and Prose, as Well as the Impact of Communist Ideology in the Albanian Literature of the ’80
Authors: Lamçja Dhurata
Published: November 2021

Albanian literature has come a long way through the many historical events it has passed and managed to survive. One of the harshest periods for Albanian literature, has not come as a consequence of external invasion, but from within. The communist dictatorship in Albania, which started in the remains of the Second World War, and lasted up until 1991, besides controlling the politics, foreign relationships, economy and social structures, used art and in particular literature as a weapon to demolish free thought and enforce its ideology through the canonized structures and cliches, such as the martyrdom. This led the Albanian authors to find new ways hidden inside literary figures, which they mastered, to spread their message and express their true thoughts and feelings beyond the censorship, and trained the readers to read through and understand the intentions of the authors.
EFL Corner in Algeria: Single-Sex vs Co-Educational Schools
Authors: Bouabdallah Faiza Haddam
Published: November 2021

Nowadays, English is significantly popular among Algerian generation but not to such an extent to be used in social context. Its use is, however, limited to classroom environment except for those students who are fond of this foreign language and master it with a high level of fluency. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the status of English as second foreign language in Algeria, and how it has been injected within the educational system by taking into consideration social and cultural aspects. Education is a process and like other processes, it is exposed to several factors, some of which are aid and some others are obstructive. The type of school can be one of these factors that may affect teachers and students: Single-sex or coeducational schools. Algeria is a country that still offers different types of schools that have great impact on pedagogy and on learners’ performance in the EFL context due to social and cultural impacts.
An Investigation on Improvements to Ultrasound Reactor Configuration for Extraction of Phytochemicals in Industrial Scale
Authors: Uçar Tarık , Aziz Kubilay
Published: November 2021

Industrial attentiveness and demand for natural bioactive compounds are rising continuously, regarding their growing commercial values in nutrition, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and many other industries. The progress in ultrasound technology has spread the use of ultrasonication on a broad field of application areas, including extraction of bio-materials from plant sources. Ultrasound-assisted extraction is a powerful alternative to conventional techniques, in terms of extracting bio-compounds from variable kinds of matrices, higher efficiency, reduced extraction time, toxic-free operation, lower energy demand, lesser water consumption and better extract quality. Existing research pointed out that the reactor configuration is vital for maximizing the efficacy of extraction process, however basic reactor configurations that were mainly used in the literature may not be feasibly adapted to full-scale industrial applications. In this study, an investigation on possible improvements and modifications to existing reactor designs are discussed, such as detecting the optimum frequency range of ultrasound transmission depending on the material rheology and composition, possible modifications in beam-forming by means of frequency modulation and finally transmitting the waves in combination of different frequencies.
The Research of Dynamics of Immune Responsibility Indicators in Patients with Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) Infections
Authors: Liadova T. I. , Pavlikova K. V.
Published: November 2021

The main task of modern infectious immunology is the elucidation of immunopathogenetic mechanisms of the unfavourable course of the disease. The course of the infectious process caused by the viruses and the microorganisms factors. At the heart of the complicated flow or chronicity of the process is an ineffective immune response that is not able to prevent the dissemination of the virus or the complete elimination of the pathogen from the body, which is the cause of the formation of relapses or chronic course of the disease. In the modern literature, there is evidence that in patients who have suffered from infectious mononucleosis (IM), regardless of the severity of the disease, a secondary immunodeficiency develops, which is the cause of possible bacterial complications. After IM is not always observed update of the immune balance and changes in the hemogram staying for a long time.
EYSIER Charter Mark with ABCDE and Assessment for Personal and Social Learning; a Bottom-up Approach to Building Faculty of Judgement with an Open Access Knowledge Base of Science with and for Society (Swafs)
Authors: Taysum Alison
Published: November 2021

Civic society must mobilise education and training to move from Covid 19 disruption to recovery to meet the goals established by the President of the European Commission « A Union that strives for more » and promoted through the European Education Area. Using Five stages of ‘A Blueprint for Character Development for Evolution’ (ABCDE), citizens map their journey to making good decisions in a new social contract to amplify recovery. A is European Qualifications Framework (EQF) Level 1 to ask good questions to solve problems; What is social distancing? How can I optimise success in virtual-classrooms? How can I safely create a new job for myself? B is EQF Competence Level 2 and focusses to explore the best that has been thought and said from explicit Scientific/social knowledge and synthesise it with implicit personal knowledge/beliefs, to gain shared understandings of definitions of terms. C is EQF Competence Level 3 to develop robust methods for data-collection/handling to find solutions to personal and social, cultural, health, economic and political problems. D is EQF Competence Level 4 to develop theories of change from data as solutions to social and personal problems for recovery. E is EQF Competence Level 5 to develop moral and ethical principles in a new social contract. ABCDE is implemented with ‘Assessment for Personal and Social Learning’, A Massive Online Open-Access Course, and toolkit to gain the Empowering Young Societal Innovators for Equity and Renewal (EYSIER) Charter Mark to align commercial, humanitarian evolutionary and sustainable goals to propel recovery.
Hostile Takeovers: Desirable or Dangerous? A Survey Study into the Circumstances Under Which Hostile Takeovers in the Netherlands Are (Un)Permissible
Authors: Nijland J. , Verdoes T. L. M. , Lycklama a Nijeholt M. P. , Pham N. T.
Published: November 2021

A number of recent hostile takeover attempts in The Netherlands have triggered the discussion in the Netherlands on the circumstances under which protection of the target company against a hostile takeover should be justified or not be justified. To answer this question, 21 experts involved in mergers and acquisitions from various angels on the highest (management) level, were selected to participate in a survey investigation combining open questions and giving scores for submitted factors. The outcomes show that the participants advocate non-protection in case of relatively high performance of the bidding company, new value creating opportunities a non-responsive board of the Target with personal interest of the board, and cash payment for the target. They are in favor of protection in case of takeover attempts that incur personal board benefits of bidder or target, intended debt push down financing, and in case of considerable societal risks and consequences.
Economic Growth Model and Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from Albania
Authors: Lleshaj Llesh , Balili Lorena Bezo
Published: November 2021

Background: A number of reasons are expressed about the importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing countries. FDI increases the investment capital in the host country and transferring of new technologies, conducts the distribution and enlarges the economic productivity, improves the level of competitiveness and exports, develops new markets, etc.

Objectives: In this research, the main objective is the economic growth (GDP) analysis in Albania affected by FDI flows and the other fundamental macroeconomic factors of growth/productivity.

Methods/Approach: The data in this analysis are time series with quarterly frequencies from 1997 to 2018. The econometric model estimation is multifactor regression of the expanded Solow’s model. Statistical approach base on logarithm and first-order stationarity.

Results: Economic growth is a simultaneous phenomenon of FDI, domestic investment, the scale of economic openness (focusing on exports), the aggregate average salary, and the efficient use of public debt, especially external debt.

Conclusions: FDI flows are the main factor in total economic productivity, and have a larger contribution to the gross domestic product than domestic investment, per unit invested capital, in Albania.
Multilingualism in Prizren, Language Use and Language Policy
Authors: Jusufi Jasmin
Published: November 2021

This research focuses on theoretical and practical issues of multilingualism in Prizren, the Republic of Kosovo’s most linguistically diverse city. It examines the city’s linguistic landscape, culture, and values, investigating language use at home, in public, and in institutions. It analyzes language legislation and its often uneven implementation. In the last 20 years the language situation in Prizren has changed dramatically. This research attempts to provide a clear picture of the current language situation of Prizren in the new and independent Republic of Kosovo, and is relevant for the general public, minority communities, government, non government and international organizations. The research was conducted in order to shed more light on the concept of multilingual societies. The central sources for this research are the Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo, the policy on language rights and language use in the country, questionnaires, and observation.
Establishment of a Subsidiary European Company
Authors: Vodenicharov Asen
Published: November 2021

One of the four exhaustively formulated legal means for the emergence of a European company, Council Regulation (EC) No 2157/2001 of 8 October 2001 on the Statute for a European company (Societies Europaea –SE) is the constitution of a Subsidiary European company. Compared to the other legal models for establishing this new organizational form for business association in the company typology within the European Union, the establishment of this particular entity possesses its own specific characteristics. The regulatory framework for the establishment of a Subsidiary European company is of a hybrid legal type. On the one hand, it takes account of the Community Act Regulation. However, in a number of cases the Community Act refers to the national law of the Member State where the company has its registered office under its constitution within the Union, and where its head office is located. The article discusses the legal prerequisites and the individual components of the procedure for the establishment of a Subsidiary European company.
Determination of Caffeine Content in Arabica and Robusta Green Coffee of Indian Origin
Authors: Caracostea Luiza-Mădălina , Sîrbu Rodica , Buşuricu Florica
Published: November 2021

The coffee tree belongs to the Rubiaceae family, genus Coffea. Although more than 80 species of coffee have been identified worldwide, only two are economically important. Coffea Arabica, also known as Arabica coffee, is responsible for about 70% of the world coffee market, and Coffea Canephora or Robusta coffee represents the rest. Due to the strong physiological effects of caffeine on human physiology, the caffeine content is a very important quality parameter of processed coffee. Routine analysis of caffeine in the food industry can be facilitated using fast and reliable tests. In this article, we quantitatively determined the caffeine content using the chloroform isolation method and we also performed the qualitative determination of caffeine in green coffee of Indian origin by the UV-VIS spectrophotometric method. Following the analysis of caffeine isolate with chloroform, we obtained a caffeine content of 182 mg / 100 g for the Robusta green coffee sample and 154 mg / 100 g for the Arabica green coffee sample. Thus we can confirm the presence of a higher caffeine content in the Robusta India green coffee sample than in the Arabica India green coffee sample. In the spectrophotometric analysis we used 4 coffee samples obtained by extraction with hot distilled water and by extraction with cold distilled water. The spectral analysis confirms the presence of caffeine in both studied coffee species and agrees with the data in the literature.
Assessing Students’ Minds: Developing Critical Thinking or Fitting into Procrustean Bed
Authors: Shafiyeva Ulker
Published: November 2021

Standardized tests have been applied as student knowledge assessment in many countries, including Azerbaijan. However, studies have shown that standardized tests are not an effective way of measuring students’ knowledge because they limit students’ creativity and prevent instructors from applying individual teaching methods due to the pressure of passing the tests. The tests do not consider students with different learning abilities and treat them equally, which may not favor some students. Also, teachers are pressured to ensure their students pass the tests, leading to an excessive focus on the topics likely to be set rather than the whole curriculum. The study recommends implementing different assessment methods with no ranking to ensure that students do not memorize for passing tests, eliminate competition, and promote equality in the education sector. The assessment methods should allow students to debate, compare and analyze ideas through critical thinking, inquiring, and understanding for applying the learned knowledge into real life. Thus, the importance of an inquiry-based curriculum and assessment is stressed.
Seanchan 's Quest Restoring of the Poet's Right in Yeasts' Play The King's Threshold
Authors: Ghanim Fawziya Mousa
Published: November 2021

William Butler Yeats (1865-1939), the prominent Irish poet and dramatist was one of the foremost figures of twentieth-century literature. He was a driving force behind the Irish Revival, and together with lady Gregory and Edward Martyn established the Abby Theatre, and served as its chief playwright during its early years. He was awarded the Noble Prize in literature for his always inspired poetry which in a highly artistic form gave expression to the spirit of a whole nation. The paper aims at analyzing the poet's quest for social freedom and poet's right in the state. The King's Threshold was first performed by the Irish National Theatre Society at the Molesworth Hall, in Dublin on 7 October, 1903. It is founded upon a Midieval-Irish story of the demands of the poets at the court of King Guaire at Gort, Co. Galway; it was also influenced by Edwin Ellis's play Sancan the bard (1905) which was published ten years earlier, by Edwin Ellis.
A Contrastive Analysis of English and Albanian Somatic Idioms - A Cognitive Perspective
Authors: Gaba Arben
Published: November 2021

In this paper we try to make a cognitive comparison between phraseological expressions originating from body-part terms in English and Albanian (taking English as our starting point). Although these languages are distant in space they do have similarities. This similarity / difference is seen better than nowhere else in the way how they conceive of the world (and the way this is expressed linguistically). They are at different stages of their linguistic cultivation where English is in a dominant position (remember here that every technological innovation has knock-on linguistic effects that affect every language including Albanian) and Albanian is in a defensive position since it has to cope with a host of concepts and realities that in one way or another have to be made tangible to Albanian speakers as well. Phraseological expressions are conceived as the tip of the iceberg of a process grounded upon transformational mechanisms (the best known of which are metaphors and metonymy) with emotional coloring adding to the mix. By way of illustration we give the following example: get blood from/out of a stone - nxjerr dhjamё nga pleshti, nxjerr ujё nga guri (extract fat out of a flea, extract water from the stone) Albanian literal translation in italics and brackets. From what we see, Albanians associate the equivalent of the English phraseological unit with water (since they are a Mediterranean country with dry summers), or with fat and flea (Albanians are known for their animal husbandry and meat-related terms).
Augmented and Mixed Reality in Language Learning
Authors: Panagiotidis Panagiotis
Published: November 2021

The use of Extended Reality technologies in education, and especially in language learning, has attracted the interest of language experts for the last 15 years. However, the recent technological progress as well as the simultaneous dramatic reduction of the cost of the necessary hardware has led to an impressive growth of the XR market, creating, thus, new perspectives concerning the adoption of XR technologies in education. The educational XR market is also growing very fast, not only thanks to the offer of innovative applications, but also due to technological developments in network technologies. Advances in wireless and cellular networks can make XR experiences more immersive and more accessible to local and remote users. This paper aims to present the current developments in the field of utilization of Augmented (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR) technologies in language education and to explore their future perspectives. Towards this end, AR/MR technologies, the theoretical bases of their use in language education, as well as the available for each technology hardware and software solutions are presented in more detail. Examples of AR/MR technologies in language learning applications, as well as the conclusions drawn from the literature review concerning the benefits and limitations AR/MR applications in language learning will also be presented. Finally, market data and future research directions will be discussed, in order to identify the perspectives of these technologies in language learning.