bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FINANCIAMENTO DA EDUCAÇÃO E EDUCAÇÃO ESPECIAL: POLÍTICA DE FUNDOS E INCLUSÃO EM SANTA CATARINA
Authors: Edgar Bassi (UFPR) Dr. Marcos
Published: July 2016

The article presents a survey of special education services in the state of Santa Catarina in the context of politics of funds (FUNDEF/FUNDEB) in financing education, established from the second half of the 1990s. Formed the basis of analyzing the data obtained on enrollment in School Census conducted between 1996 and 2011, organized in historical series of tables and graphs. The analysis identified the factor inducing policy stimulus funds coming from the financial services and the expansion of the policy of inclusion of persons with disabilities in the regular education.
A PEDAGOGIA HISTÓRICO-CRÍTICA NO CONTEXTO DAS TEORIAS DE EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Da Silva Menger (Unisul) Ms. Amanda , Lúcia Chacon Valença (Unisul) Drª. Vera
Published: July 2016

This article “The Historical-Critical Pedagogy in the context by Theories of of Education” is a literature review about the bases of Historical-Critical Pedagogy. This pedagogy is originates in Brazil, in 1980´s how alternative by others pedagogies. This article wanted to put in context the Historical-Critical Pedagogy in the Theories of Education and show how the dialectic can be a knowledge method and can be used how education. This article is part of the dissertation “A teledramaturgia em sala de aula: as minisséries como recurso pedagógico para o ensino de História”. That dissertation had funding by Prosup/Capes.
O SUJEITO COM SÍNDROME DE ASPERGER NA ESCOLA COMUM: ALGUMAS REFLEXÕES
Authors: Gonring (PPGE/UFES) Mndª Vilmara Mendes
Published: July 2016

O presente trabalho discute, brevemente, acerca da presença de sujeitos com Síndrome de Asperger na escola comum sob a ótica dos desafios e possibilidades que devem ser levados em consideração por toda a comunidade escolar. Tomando como base alguns pressupostos da abordagem histórico-cultural de Vigotski (1994, 2000), infere-se que o trabalho pedagógico, não apenas com discentes com deficiência, mas também com todos os sujeitos do sistema comum de ensino, deve ter como ponto de partida e de chegada a inovação e o empenho na mudança de postura docente, na criação e na transformação cultural e social e na valorização do sujeito como ser cognoscente.
EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO NA LAGUNA: COMO PENSAR UMA EDUCAÇÃO (POPULAR) DE PESCA
Authors: Pereira (PPGEDU/FURG) Dr. Vilmar Alves , Claro (PPGEDU/FURG) Mndª. Lisiane Costa
Published: July 2016

A educação junto aos pescadores exige reivindicações, apresenta possibilidades e encontra espaço de problematização por meio da educação do campo. Nesta perspectiva, partimos da experiência que ocorre por meio do Projeto Educação para Pescadores (Rio Grande - RS) a qual exige uma análise – a partir de, mas – para além das práticas trabalhadas em sala. Desta forma, buscamos apresentar as ações junto às comunidades de pesca artesanal, de forma a compreender as aproximações do projeto com pescadores à educação do campo, objetivando contribuir teoricamente com a área da educação ao lançar mão do conceito de uma Educação Popular de Pesca. Para tanto, partimos da análise bibliográfica como processo capaz de legitimar o ensaio.
PERFIL DAS SALAS DE RECURSOS: CONSTRUINDO UMA LEITURA ACERCA DAS POLÍTICAS RECENTES PARA A INCLUSÃO ESCOLAR
Authors: Anjos (UFPA) Drª. Hildete Pereira dos , Campelo (UFPA) Grd. Cristiane Da Silva
Published: July 2016

Este trabalho traça um quadro das salas multifuncionais em atividade no município de Marabá, Pará, Brasil, abrangendo o perfil das professoras, estrutura física e equipamentos em uso. Os instrumentos de pesquisa foram questionários, entrevistas e relatos orais. Como resultados, a pesquisa mostrou que a maioria das professoras é graduada em Pedagogia e cursa pós-graduação; que as salas multifuncionais estão estruturadas dentro do modelo proposto pelo MEC, embora nem todos os equipamentos estejam em funcionamento; que as equipes de AEE (Atendimento Educacional Especializado) são compostas de duas ou três pessoas, todas do campo pedagógico; e que profissionais de outras áreas atuam apenas na etapa de diagnóstico e encaminhamento. Conclui-se que o perfil militante das professoras faz com que elas busquem superar limitações, investindo na própria formação e na formação dos demais colegas.
POLÍTICAS DE PROMOÇÃO DA IGUALDADE RACIAL NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: RELATOS DA FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA EM FLORIANÓPOLIS/SC
Authors: Carvalho Thaís Regina De
Published: July 2016

O presente artigo apresenta análises sobre a experiência da política de formação continuada ofertada pela rede municipal de educação infantil de Florianópolis/SC, entre os anos 2009 -2011, em especial sobre as direcionadas à promoção da igualdade racial. Para compreender a política ancoramo-nos nos estudos sobre relações raciais no Brasil e pesquisas sobre educação infantil e relações raciais. Durante a produção discutimos aspectos relacionados à importância da oferta de formações continuadas que abordem as particularidades da educação infantil atreladas à educação das relações étnico-raciais. Buscamos através desse artigo, contribuir no processo de reflexões sobre as possibilidades de políticas voltadas à primeira etapa da educação básica que considerem a promoção da igualdade racial.
O CONCEITO DE EDUCAÇÃO E DE EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: uma análise a partir das publicações acadêmicas relacionadas a matemática
Authors: WIGGERS Verena
Published: July 2016

This text was based on a wider research, which had as main goal to identify the main theoret-ical and methodological contributions that substantiate the academic productions which consider pedagogical proposals and practices for day care centers and preschools, in a particular way, regarding the mathemetical knowledge appropriation. Document base was produced within the scope of a technical cooperation between the Ministry of Education (MEC) and Federal Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). For its accomplishment, the content analysis was used. The cultural-historical theory fundamentals and the activity theory were overall taken as theoretical frameworks. The results indicate similarities and divergences between the above mentioned theories and indicate the use of different theoretical frameworks that sometimes are complementary and ocasionally are contradicting.
ESTUDO SOBRE: A ATIVIDADE DE SITUAÇÕES PROBLEMA EM SISTEMA DE EQUAÇÕES LINEARES NO CURSO DE SISTEMA DE INFORMAÇÃO DA FACULDADE ATUAL DA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: NETO RONALDO NUNES , Mendoza Héctor José García , DELGADO OSCAR TINTORER
Published: July 2016

This article has as central objective the diagnostic test of the activity of Problem Situations in Linear Equations System in a discipline. The subjects of the survey sample were 55 students. The methodological process is qualitative and it was performed by applying evidence pencil and paper as an instrument. However, the explanatory analysis is based on the actions of the Activity Problem Situations in Mathematics, on the Theory of stepwise formation of mental actions by Galperin and principles of Mathematical problem solving by Polya. As a result, it was observed that the students have not resolved the issues in a meaningful way and, when they have done it, the way was empirically.
SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATION IN THE COGNITIVE ACTIVITY OF YOUNG SCHOOLCHILDREN ON THE EXAMPLE OF MATHEMATICS
Authors: Aleksander Veraksa
Published: July 2016

In the paper, differences between sign-oriented representation and symbolic representation are discussed. The study explored perspectives of using symbolization to teach young schoolchildren the mathematical concept. The author recognizes relevant (that allows the proceeding to sign representation) and irrelevant symbolization. The three groups of young schoolchildren (N=49) were taught the mathematical concept of a function using different programs: traditional, employing sign representation and two experimental – based on relevant and irrelevant symbolizations. The experiment demonstrated that symbolic representation can facilitate mastering of the mathematical concept of a function if the content of symbol possesses structural interrelations that could be converted into sign form.
DESAFIOS NO PROCESSO DE IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DO CURSO GÊNERO E DIVERSIDADE NA ESCOLA (GDE) NO ESTADO DE SANTA CATARINA
Authors: Grossi Miriam Pillar , Graupe Mareli Elaine
Published: July 2016

Este texto objetiva discutir sobre o processo de implementação do curso Gênero e Diversidade na Escola (GDE) no Estado de Santa Catarina e sua implicação na formação continuada de profissionais de educação da rede pública de ensino acerca das temáticas - questões de gênero, sexualidade, relações étnico-raciais e a orientação sexual, bem como refletir sobre possíveis contribuições que este curso pode acrescentar no planejamento pedagógico d@s professor@s. É um estudo qualitativo e quantitativo que foi realizado durante os dois anos de pesquisa de pós-doutorado.  Os resultados apontam que o curso foi importante para a sensibilização d@s professor@s em relação a estas temáticas. Também se constatou que há uma demanda por estratégias de acompanhamento na realização de projetos e atividades que abordam gênero, sexualidade, orientação sexual e relações étnico-raciais no cotidiano escolar envolvendo colegas, alun@s e comunidade escolar.
AS RELAÇÕES ÉTNICO-RACIAIS NAS LICENCIATURAS: O QUE DIZEM OS CURRÍCULOS ANUNCIADOS
Authors: Célia dos Passos Joana
Published: July 2016

Este artigo apresenta o resultado de um trabalho realizado em 2011, que teve como objetivo analisar oferta de disciplinas e conteúdos que possibilitem discussões e estudos sobre as relações étnico-raciais em cursos de licenciaturas de Santa Catarina - SC. Para este texto, foram analisados os projetos pedagógicos dos cursos de História e Pedagogia de dez universidades catarinenses, com a intenção de identificar quais as configurações curriculares os cursos têm assumido em relação à educação das relações étnico-raciais e o ensino da história e cultura afro-brasileira e africana. Percebemos que, embora tenham se passado dez anos da alteração na LDB 9394/96 pela Lei 10639/03, ainda assim, as universidades de SC não apresentam resultados satisfatórios na inserção dos conhecimentos requeridos pela atual legislação em seus projetos de cursos.
SER DOCENTE NEGRA NA USP: GÊNERO E RAÇA NA TRAJETÓRIA DA PROFESSORA EUNICE PRUDENTE
Authors: Carvalho Marília Pinto de , Silva Viviane Angélica
Published: July 2016

Este artigo se propõe a analisar a trajetória da professora Eunice Aparecida de Jesus Prudente, da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), para ampliar a compreensão dos significados de ser docente negra na USP hoje. A narrativa concedida pela professora Eunice Prudente norteia a proposta de investigação sobre a sua condição de mulher negra e docente da maior universidade pública do país, tendo como base três momentos: o que antecede a entrada na universidade, sua formação e a vivência na instituição. Considerando a tradição que o curso de Direito da USP possui, também se considera como algumas tradições reinventadas nesta faculdade permeiam seu cotidiano acadêmico e reverberam na configuração racial do seu corpo docente. A USP, como espaço educacional, foi escolhida como cenário para a reflexão sobre as relações de gênero e raciais, considerando que, no Brasil dito contemporâneo, cresce o debate sobre o reconhecimento e a produção do conhecimento científico por mulheres, concomitante às discussões sobre acesso e permanência da população negra na universidade.
APRESENTAÇÃO – CORPOS A EDUCAR
Authors: Vaz Alexandre Fernandez , Rodríguez Raumar
Published: July 2016

Este dossiê pode ser dividido em três blocos. O primeiro deles, mais extenso, é composto por reflexões teóricas sobre a educação do corpo, conjunto que se completa por uma entrevista e uma resenha, mas que finalizam o conjunto. No miolo, são problematizadas metodologias e práticas.
FORMAÇÃO, TÉCNICA, CORPO: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DE HERBERT MARCUSE
Authors: Torri Danielle , Vaz Alexandre Fernandez
Published: July 2016

O texto apresenta resultados de uma investigação teórica que se debruça sobre a possibilidade de sobrevivência do ideal formativo na sociedade tecnológica, segundo as contribuições de Herbert Marcuse, tendo como eixo o lugar do corpo na sociedade contemporânea. Segundo ele, a excessiva importância deferida à técnica enfraquece a formação subjetiva. A ênfase nos meios que faz esquecer os fins não levaria ao entendimento, ao conhecimento e à emancipação, mas eclipsaria esse processo. Marcuse aponta a presença da técnica como domínio sobre os sujeitos e corpos, modo de substituição da formação e da política por meio da dessublimação repressiva.
O ENSINO DE MATEMÁTICA NOS ANOS INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: O PROBLEMA DA FORMAÇÃO DO PROFESSOR E AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DE LEE SHULMAN E DE V. V. DAVYDOV
Authors: Ferreira Valdivina Alves , Freitas Raquel Aparecida Marra da Madeira
Published: July 2016

O objetivo deste texto é apresentar uma discussão crítica acerca da formação do professor que ensina matemática nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Inicia-se pelo delineamento do problema das dificuldades de ensino e de aprendizagem de matemática, recorrentes nas pesquisas e nos discursos acadêmicos, destacando como um dos fatores a formação dos professores. Em seguida apresentam-se as contribuições de dois teóricos distintos, Lee Shulman e V. V Davydov, para o enfrentamento deste problema. Conclui-se que afirmando que as contribuições de V. V. Davydov são mais efetivas e que sua proposta poderia ser melhor utilizada para fazer avançar a qualidade da educação matemática, sendo necessária sua introdução desde a formação inicial de professores.
PRINCÍPIOS DA AUTOEDUCAÇÃOE FENOMENOLOGIAO EXEMPLO DEAUTODESENVOLVIMENTO DE GOETHE
Authors: Bach Junior Jonas
Published: July 2016

Este artigo apresenta uma análisefenomenológica da autoeducação. A educação é processo de interação, diálogo eintersubjetividade. A autoeducação é processo de transformação de si mesmo(intra-ação), monólogo e intrasubjetividade. A autoeducação apresenta doisprincípios fundamentais: o da recursividade e o da unicidade. Educador eeducando são simultaneamente ativos no sujeito que se autoeduca. Cada sujeito podeter um objeto, um modo e um motivo específicos para sua autoeducação. O estudoanalisa como foi o processo de autoeducação de Goethe. A natureza era o tema desua autoeducação, uma fenomenologia instruidora dos sentidos e da cognição foio seu modo e o motivo era a busca da essência das coisas. Chega-se à conclusãode que o ponto principal do sentido da autoeducação é a criação de sentido apartir da esfera significante, que dá significado e coesão ao existir.
A POLITIZAÇÃO DOS DISCURSOS SOBRE A INFÂNCIA EM CENÁRIOS DE PEDOFILIZAÇÃO SOBRE O CORPO
Authors: Lima Patrícia de Moraes , Rosa Ivana Martins
Published: July 2016

O texto tem por objetivo discutir sobre a pedofilização e as práticas sociais que incidem sobre o corpo na infância a partir de uma pesquisa etnográfica, iniciada em 2014, com crianças moradoras de uma comunidade na região da grande Florianópolis. Em tempos tão alertas à defesa, garantia e promoção dos direitos das crianças, vive-se uma paradoxal imagem que incide sobre a violação dos seus direitos, em especial, a rede de consumo e a marca intergeracional caracterizada pela pedofilização da infância na contemporaneidade. A pesquisa etnográfica nesta comunidade possibilita compreender como as crianças incorporam essa linguagem social das violências em seus cotidianos e como assimilam como próprio e natural um corpo adultizado, erotizado e consumido.
Soil water deficit decreases xylem conductance efficiency relative to leaf area and mass in the apple
Authors: Lauri Pierre-Éric , Marceron Antoine , Normand Frédéric , Dambreville Anaëlle , Regnard Jean-Luc
Published: July 2016

It is generally postulated that at the tree scale a drought-related decrease in hydraulic conductance is balanced by a decrease of leaf area. We hypothesized that, at the individual leaf scale, drought affects the allometry between leaf area or mass and hydraulics, leading to a non-linear relationships between these traits. The study was conducted on well-watered and on water-stressed shoots of several apple genotypes covering an extended range of leaf area. Working on dried leaves, we measured leaf lamina area and mass and analyzed their relationships with the maximal xylem hydraulic conductance of the water pathway through the parent shoot and the petiole connected to the leaf lamina. Drought decreased leaf area and mass in absolute values. It also changes the allometric relationships between these two variables: for a same decrease of leaf dry mass the water-stressed shoot had a lower decrease of leaf dry area than the well-watered shoot. Our study also showed that drought affected the stem-to-petiole hydraulics with a higher hydraulic efficiency in the well-watered shoot compared to the water-stressed shoot. We discuss that, compared to the well-watered condition, drought not only decreased leaf size, but also reduced xylem efficiency through the stem-to-petiole pathway with regard to the leaf area and mass supplied.
Embolism resistance of conifer roots can be accurately measured with the flow-centrifuge method
Authors: Bouche Pauline S. , Jansen Steven , Cochard Hervé , Burlett Regis , Capdeville Gaelle , Delzon Sylvain
Published: July 2016

Resistance to embolism of conifer branches has commonly been studied with the flow-centrifuge technique (Cavitron) to carry out routine measurements. The aim of this study was to test the accuracy of the Cavitron for measurements on conifer roots. Based on earlier findings, it was suggested that the application of the flow-centrifuge technique to roots may not be free from artefacts due to potential torus aspiration when the pressure gradient between the sample ends is high. Here, three different protocols were used to obtain vulnerability curves in Pinus pinaster and Pseudotsuga menziesii roots: no water pressure gradient, and low and high water pressure gradient. In addition water extraction curves were obtained to only estimate the water released from conduits by embolism. Water extraction curves showed no water release caused by embolism before -1.3 and -2.5 MPa for P. pinaster and P. menziesii, respectively. The results illustrated discrepancies between these protocols: roots measured with the high and low pressure gradient protocols appeared erroneously more vulnerable to embolism than roots measured with no pressure gradient. In addition, pit anatomical observations of roots showed non-punctured tori and a high flexibility of the margo, which may increase the risk of torus aspiration. All together these results suggest that the early loss of hydraulic conductivity observed for the low and high pressure gradient protocols was not due to embolism but rather to a torus aspiration artefact when the pressure gradient is too high. We conclude that the no pressure gradient protocol provides a suitable method and that high vulnerability to embolism reported in previous studies for conifer roots should be interpreted with caution in the light of our findings.
Carbon starvation during drought-induced tree mortality – are we chasing a myth?
Authors: Hartmann Henrik
Published: July 2016

Drought-induced tree mortality has received much attention in the recent past. McDowell et al.’s (2008) hydraulic framework links tree hydraulics with carbon dynamics and proposes two non-exclusive mortality mechanisms: carbon starvation (CS) and hydraulic failure (HF). CS is often referred to as the (partial) depletion of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in response to stomatal closure, reduced C assimilation and sustained C storage dependency during longer droughts. HF describes a lethal level of xylem dysfunction from runaway embolism during severe droughts. While HF can be readily inferred from the percentage loss of conductivity in vascular tissues at the time of death, CS is much more difficult to assess.Starvation is usually defined as a lack of food leading to suffering or death. In plants photosynthetic sugars play many functional roles, not only as a source of catabolic energy. For example, sugars are important for osmotic regulation of cell pressure and recent studies suggest a potential link between xylem parenchyma sugars and embolism repair following drought. Hence, carbon limitation could have a direct impact on tree hydraulics and HF; however, empirical evidence for such a mechanism is still inconclusive.Although HF appears to be predominant during drought mortality, our limited understanding of the roles of NSC in hydraulic function precludes any premature refutation of CS as a mechanism in drought-induced tree mortality.
Chronology of hydraulic vulnerability in trunk wood of conifer trees with and without symptoms of top dieback
Authors: Rosner Sabine , Luss S. , Světlík J. , Andreassen K. , Børja I. , Dalsgaard L. , Evans R. , Tveito O. E. , Solberg S.
Published: July 2016

There is evidence that recently occurring top dieback of Norway spruce (Piceaabies(L.) Karst.) treesin southern Norway is associated with drought stress. We comparedfunctional wood traits of20 healthy looking trees and 20 trees with visual signs of top dieback. SilviScan technology was applied to measure cell dimensions (lumen and cell wall thickness) in a selected set of trunk wood specimens where vulnerability to cavitation (P50) datawere available. The conduit wall reinforcement ((t/b)²) was a good proxy for P50. Cell dimensions were measured on wood cores of all 40 trees; theoretical vulnerability of single annual rings could bethus estimated. Declining trees tended to have lower (t/b)² before and during a period of water deficit (difference between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration)that lasted from 2004 to 2006. The results are discussed with respect to genetic predisposition.
MWL Picture Of The Blazar S5 0716+714 During Its Brightest Outburst
Authors: Manganaro Marina , Pedaletti Giovanna , Doert Marlene , Bastieri Denis , Fallah Ramazani Vandad , Gasparrini Dario , Lindfors Elina , Lott Benoit , Nievas Mireia , Rani Bindu , Angelakis Emmanouil , Borman George , Gurwell Mark , Hovatta Talvikki , Itoh Ryosuke , Jorstad Svetlana , Kraus Alex , Krichbaum Thomas P , Kuin Paul , Lahteenmaki Anne , Larionov Valeri , Lien Amy Yarleen , Myserlis Ioannis , Thompson David J , Tornikoski Merja , Zensus J Anton
Published: July 2016

S5 0716+714 is a well known BL-Lac object, one of the brightest and most active blazars. The discovery in the Very High Energy band (VHE, E > 100 GeV) by MAGIC happened in 2008. In January 2015 the source went through the brightest optical state ever observed, triggering MAGIC follow-up and a VHE detection with ~ sigma significance (ATel #6999). Rich multi-wavelength coverage of the flare allowed us to construct the broad-band spectral energy distribution of S5 0716+714 during its brightest outburst. In this work we will present the preliminary analysis of MAGIC and Fermi-LAT data of the flaring activity in January and February 2015 for the HE and VHE band, together with radio (Metsahovi, OVRO, VLBA, Effelsberg), sub-millimeter (SMA), optical (Tuorla, Perkins, Steward, AZT-8+ST7, LX-200, Kanata), X-ray and UV (Swift-XRT and UVOT), in the same time-window and discuss the time variability of the MWL light curves during this impressive outburst.
Szervezeti struktúra jellemzői spanyol labdarúgó kluboknál
Authors: Bácsné Bába Éva
Published: July 2016

Hazánkban a sport szervezeti kérdései tekintetében megjelent az igény a strukturális formák letisztulására. A sport hazai fejlődése felveti azt a kérdést, hogy mely területeken tartható meg, működhet tovább az egyesületi alapú sportmodell, illetve hol van létjogosultsága a szervezeti felépítésében is üzleti modellnek. A magyar sport gazdasági súlyának növekedése magával hozza az igényt arra, hogy mind finanszírozási, mind strukturális tekintetben egy hatékonyan működtethető üzleti sportmodell alakuljon ki. A sport üzleti jellege különösen erősen jelentkezik a professzionalista labdarúgásban. E sportágban világszerte jól megfigyelhető az a strukturális átalakulási folyamat, amely a megfelelő vállalkozási forma és szerkezeti felépítés elérésére irányul. E tekintetben célszerű feltérképezni a külhoni jó gyakorlatokat, hogy azok arra érdemes elemei mintaként szolgálhassanak a kialakuló magyar üzleti sportmodell esetében. Jelen cikkemben a nemzetközi élvonalba tartozó, egyesületi keretek közt működő Real Madrid FC és Barcelona FC szervezeti struktúráját mutatom be
Quantifying the True Cost of Transit: Case Study of Bus Routes in Boulder, Colorado
Authors: Wilson Alāna M.
Published: July 2016

Quantification of the affordability of public transit must consider factors beyond the farebox cost. Monetization of the cost of service reliability was made possible by the availability of automatic vehicle locator (AVL) data, examined in this study of the Regional Transportation District (RTD) in the Denver, Colorado, metropolitan region in 2014. When time was valued at seven-tenths of an individual’s hourly wage, AVL data for the Dash route, which served Boulder, Colorado, showed that, taken together, the hidden cost of unreliable transit service and the incremental time to take transit rather than to drive could be up to 52% higher than the farebox cost alone for those that earned Colorado’s minimum wage. Over the course of a year, this monetized opportunity cost became equivalent to 269 one-way fares on a locally priced RTD route. Reliable service is a subjective parameter, and different definitions of reliability yield different monetized costs from the data set. For riders who depend on transit to arrive at work or other destinations on time, reliability and affordability are intricately connected. The interplay of these factors, particularly the often-ignored cost of unreliable transit routes, should influence efforts to improve public transit service.
Affective Norms for 4900 Polish Words Reload (ANPW_R): Assessments for Valence, Arousal, Dominance, Origin, Significance, Concreteness, Imageability and, Age of Acquisition
Authors: Imbir Kamil K.
Published: July 2016

In studies that combine understanding of emotions and language, there is growing demand for good-quality experimental materials. To meet this expectation, a large number of 4905 Polish words was assessed by 400 participants in order to provide a well-established research method for everyone interested in emotional word processing. The Affective Norms for Polish Words Reloaded (ANPW_R) is designed as an extension to the previously introduced the ANPW dataset and provides assessments for eight different affective and psycholinguistic measures of Valence, Arousal, Dominance, Origin, Significance, Concreteness, Imageability, and subjective Age of Acquisition. The ANPW_R is now the largest available dataset of affective words for Polish, including affective scores that have not been measured in any other dataset (concreteness and age of acquisition scales). Additionally, the ANPW_R allows for testing hypotheses concerning dual-mind models of emotion and activation (origin and subjective significance scales). Participants in the current study assessed all 4905 words in the list within 1 week, at their own pace in home sessions, using eight different Self-assessment Manikin (SAM) scales. Each measured dimension was evaluated by 25 women and 25 men. The ANPW_R norms appeared to be reliable in split-half estimation and congruent with previous normative studies in Polish. The quadratic relation between valence and arousal was found to be in line with previous findings. In addition, nine other relations appeared to be better described by quadratic instead of linear function. The ANPW_R provides well-established research materials for use in psycholinguistic and affective studies in Polish-speaking samples.
DBS for Obesity
Authors: Franco Ruth , Fonoff Erich , Alvarenga Pedro , Lopes Antonio , Miguel Euripides , Teixeira Manoel , Damiani Durval , Hamani Clement
Published: July 2016

Obesity is a chronic, progressive and prevalent disorder. Morbid obesity, in particular, is associated with numerous comorbidities and early mortality. In patients with morbid obesity, pharmacological and behavioral approaches often have limited results. Bariatric surgery is quite effective but is associated with operative failures and a non-negligible incidence of side effects. In the last decades, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been investigated as a neurosurgical modality to treat various neuropsychiatric disorders. In this article we review the rationale for selecting different brain targets, surgical results and future perspectives for the use of DBS in medically refractory obesity.
Ptk7 and Mcc, Unfancied Components in Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling and Cancer
Authors: Dunn Norris , Tolwinski Nicholas
Published: July 2016

Human development uses a remarkably small number of signal transduction pathways to organize vastly complicated tissues. These pathways are commonly associated with disease in adults if activated inappropriately. One such signaling pathway, Wnt, solves the too few pathways conundrum by having many alternate pathways within the Wnt network. The main or “canonical” Wnt pathway has been studied in great detail, and among its numerous downstream components, several have been identified as drug targets that have led to cancer treatments currently in clinical trials. In contrast, the non-canonical Wnt pathways are less well characterized, and few if any possible drug targets exist to tackle cancers caused by dysregulation of these Wnt offshoots. In this review, we focus on two molecules—Protein Tyrosine Kinase 7 (Ptk7) and Mutated in Colorectal Cancer (Mcc)—that do not fit perfectly into the non-canonical pathways described to date and whose roles in cancer are ill defined. We will summarize work from our laboratories as well as many others revealing unexpected links between these two proteins and Wnt signaling both in cancer progression and during vertebrate and invertebrate embryonic development. We propose that future studies focused on delineating the signaling machinery downstream of Ptk7 and Mcc will provide new, hitherto unanticipated drug targets to combat cancer metastasis.
Facial Skin Lifting and Brightening Following Sleep on Copper Oxide Containing Pillowcases
Authors: Borkow Gadi , Del Carmen Elías Adriana
Published: July 2016

Copper plays a key role in many of the physiological processes that occur in the skin. Previously it was found that sleeping on pillowcases impregnated with microscopic copper oxide particles results in reduction of wrinkles and fine lines. In the current study, it was examined if sleeping on copper oxide impregnated pillowcases results also in skin lifting and skin brightness. A four week, double blind, randomized study was performed, during which 45 women, aged 37–54, slept on copper oxide containing pillowcases (test group, n = 23) or on control pillowcases without copper oxide (control group, n = 22). Facial and eye skin surface was measured using an F-ray 3D measurement system and surface analysis was conducted using Image-pro® plus. Skin brightness was measured using a tristimulus colorimeter. Sleeping on the test pillowcases resulted in statistically significant skin lifting on the cheek area (p = 0.039) and eye area (p = 0.001) after four weeks of use as compared to baseline. The mean skin brightness in those sleeping on the test pillowcases increased after two (p = 0.024) and four weeks (p = 0.008). No statistically significant changes occurred during the study in the study participants using the control pillowcases. Statistically significant differences between both groups were recorded at two and four weeks for skin brightness and skin lifting, respectively. In conclusion, sleeping on copper oxide containing pillowcases results in facial skin lifting and brightness of the skin.
Experiences and Statistical Evaluation of Serious Undesirable Effects of Cosmetic Products in the EU
Authors: Butschke Andreas , Droß Astrid , Dünnebier Katja , Laube Ines , Weiler Ariane
Published: July 2016

The Council of Europe created an outline for a vigilant system of undesirable effects of cosmetic products in 2006. In 2013, some of those aspects were included in the European Cosmetics Regulation (EC) 1223/2009. Since then, serious undesirable effects (SUEs), which are the tip of the iceberg of all undesirable effects of cosmetic products, have to be reported to competent authorities. Neglecting the first phase of establishing the system, we have about two years of experience regarding the notification of SUEs. This notification system is based on a huge amount of cases that allow us to identify occurring problems at an early stage through a signal of increased reported cases for a certain product. It has already been shown that the system is able to identify products that have the potential to cause health risks even if they seem to comply with the legal requirements and the safeguard clause was applied. Until May 2016, 680 cases of SUEs were shared in the EU. The statistics of SUEs indicate that hair dyes and skin care products are the product types that cause the most SUEs. Almost 80% of all SUEs occurred in the head area, especially the skin of the face was affected.
Greedy Algorithms for Optimal Distribution Approximation
Authors: Geiger Bernhard , Böcherer Georg
Published: July 2016

The approximation of a discrete probability distribution t by an M-type distribution p is considered. The approximation error is measured by the informational divergence D ( t ∥ p ) , which is an appropriate measure, e.g., in the context of data compression. Properties of the optimal approximation are derived and bounds on the approximation error are presented, which are asymptotically tight. A greedy algorithm is proposed that solves this M-type approximation problem optimally. Finally, it is shown that different instantiations of this algorithm minimize the informational divergence D ( p ∥ t ) or the variational distance ∥ p − t ∥ 1 .
Effects of a 12-Week Municipal Dementia Prevention Program on Cognitive/Motor Functions among the Community-Dwelling Elderly
Authors: Kamegaya Tadahiko , Yamaguchi Haruyasu ,   Long-Term-Care Prevention Team of Isesaki City Community General Support Center
Published: July 2016

In a rapidly aging society, like that in Japan, it is imperative to establish strategies to prevent dementia. We investigated the effects of a dementia prevention program, conducted as part of a municipality’s long-term care prevention project, on cognitive/motor functions among the community-dwelling elderly. Participants underwent a physical activity program involving muscle training and aerobic exercise, once a week, for 12 weeks. Cognitive and motor tests were performed twice, before and after the intervention. Thirty participants, aged 75.7 ± 6.7 years, were included in the analysis. Scores from the immediate word memory task were significantly increased (23.0 ± 7.8 vs. 25.7 ± 6.5) after the program. Scores from the Yamaguchi Kanji Symbol Substitution Test were also significantly increased (36.2 ± 13.1 vs. 40.1 ± 14.1). Time spent during the 5 m maximum walking speed test was significantly shorter after the program (3.4 ± 0.8 vs. 3.0 ± 0.7 s), whereas the daily walking distance increased significantly (1.9 ± 1.5 vs. 3.1 ± 2.2 km). Participants showed improvement in some aspects of their cognitive/motor function and walking distance per day. Therefore, this program can be regarded as a practical community-based healthcare activity.
Effect of Yoga Exercise on Premenstrual Symptoms among Female Employees in Taiwan
Authors: Tsai Su-Ying
Published: July 2016

Yoga classes designed for women with premenstrual syndrome are available, but their efficacy is unclear. We investigated the effects of 12 weeks’ yoga exercise (yoga intervention) on premenstrual symptoms in menstruating females in Taiwan. Sixty-four subjects completed the yoga intervention, and before and after the intervention filled out a structured self-report questionnaire about their demographics, personal lifestyle, menstrual status, baseline menstrual pain scores, premenstrual symptoms, and health-related quality of life. Of 64 subjects, 90.6% reported experiencing menstrual pain during menstruation. After the yoga intervention, subjects reported decreased use of analgesics during menstruation (p = 0.0290) and decreased moderate or severe effects of menstrual pain on work (p = 0.0011). The yoga exercise intervention was associated with the improvement of the scale of physical function (p = 0.0340) and bodily pain (p = 0.0087) of the SF-36, and significantly decreased abdominal swelling (p = 0.0011), breast tenderness (p = 0.0348), abdominal cramps (p = 0.0016), and cold sweats (p = 0.0143). Menstrual pain mitigation after yoga exercise correlated with improvement in six scales of the SF-36 (physical function, bodily pain, general health perception, vitality/energy, social function, mental health). Employers can educate female employees about the benefits of regular exercise such as yoga, which may decrease premenstrual distress and improve female employee health.
The Short-Term Effect of Ambient Temperature on Mortality in Wuhan, China: A Time-Series Study Using a Distributed Lag Non-Linear Model
Authors: Zhang Yunquan , Li Cunlu , Feng Renjie , Zhu Yaohui , Wu Kai , Tan Xiaodong , Ma Lu
Published: July 2016

Less evidence concerning the association between ambient temperature and mortality is available in developing countries/regions, especially inland areas of China, and few previous studies have compared the predictive ability of different temperature indictors (minimum, mean, and maximum temperature) on mortality. We assessed the effects of temperature on daily mortality from 2003 to 2010 in Jiang’an District of Wuhan, the largest city in central China. Quasi-Poisson generalized linear models combined with both non-threshold and double-threshold distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM) were used to examine the associations between different temperature indictors and cause-specific mortality. We found a U-shaped relationship between temperature and mortality in Wuhan. Double-threshold DLNM with mean temperature performed best in predicting temperature-mortality relationship. Cold effect was delayed, whereas hot effect was acute, both of which lasted for several days. For cold effects over lag 0–21 days, a 1 °C decrease in mean temperature below the cold thresholds was associated with a 2.39% (95% CI: 1.71, 3.08) increase in non-accidental mortality, 3.65% (95% CI: 2.62, 4.69) increase in cardiovascular mortality, 3.87% (95% CI: 1.57, 6.22) increase in respiratory mortality, 3.13% (95% CI: 1.88, 4.38) increase in stroke mortality, and 21.57% (95% CI: 12.59, 31.26) increase in ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality. For hot effects over lag 0–7 days, a 1 °C increase in mean temperature above the hot thresholds was associated with a 25.18% (95% CI: 18.74, 31.96) increase in non-accidental mortality, 34.10% (95% CI: 25.63, 43.16) increase in cardiovascular mortality, 24.27% (95% CI: 7.55, 43.59) increase in respiratory mortality, 59.1% (95% CI: 41.81, 78.5) increase in stroke mortality, and 17.00% (95% CI: 7.91, 26.87) increase in IHD mortality. This study suggested that both low and high temperature were associated with increased mortality in Wuhan, and that mean temperature had better predictive ability than minimum and maximum temperature in the association between temperature and mortality.
Expression and Distribution Pattern of Aquaporin 4, 5 and 11 in Retinas of 15 Different Species
Authors: Amann Barbara , Kleinwort Kristina , Hirmer Sieglinde , Sekundo Walter , Kremmer Elisabeth , Hauck Stefanie , Deeg Cornelia
Published: July 2016

Aquaporins (AQPs) are small integral membrane proteins with 13 members in mammals and are essential for water transport across membranes. They are found in many different tissues and cells. Currently, there are conflicting results regarding retinal aquaporin expression and subcellular localization between genome and protein analyses and among various species. AQP4, 7, 9 and 11 were described in the retina of men; whereas AQP6, 8 and 10 were earlier identified in rat retinas and AQP4, 5 and 11 in horses. Since there is a lack of knowledge regarding AQP expression on protein level in retinas of different animal models, we decided to analyze retinal cellular expression of AQP4, 5 and 11 in situ with immunohistochemistry. AQP4 was detected in all 15 explored species, AQP5 and AQP11 in 14 out of 15. Interestingly, AQP4 was unambiguously expressed in Muller glial cells, whereas AQP5 was differentially allocated among the species analyzed. AQP11 expression was Muller glial cell-specific in 50% of the animals, whereas in the others, AQP11 was detected in ganglion cell layer and at photoreceptor outer segments. Our data indicate a disparity in aquaporin distribution in retinas of various animals, especially for AQP5 and 11.
Progress in AQP Research and New Developments in Therapeutic Approaches to Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke
Authors: Previch Lauren , Ma Linlin , Wright Joshua , Singh Sunpreet , Geng Xiaokun , Ding Yuchuan
Published: July 2016

Cerebral edema often manifests after the development of cerebrovascular disease, particularly in the case of stroke, both ischemic and hemorrhagic. Without clinical intervention, the influx of water into brain tissues leads to increased intracranial pressure, cerebral herniation, and ultimately death. Strategies to manage the development of edema constitute a major unmet therapeutic need. However, despite its major clinical significance, the mechanisms underlying cerebral water transport and edema formation remain elusive. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a class of water channel proteins which have been implicated in the regulation of water homeostasis and cerebral edema formation, and thus represent a promising target for alleviating stroke-induced cerebral edema. This review examines the significance of relevant AQPs in stroke injury and subsequently explores neuroprotective strategies aimed at modulating AQP expression, with a particular focus on AQP4, the most abundant AQP in the central nervous system.
Potential Metabolic Biomarkers to Identify Interstitial Lung Abnormalities
Authors: Tan Yong , Jia Dongmei , Lin Zhang , Guo Baosheng , He Bing , Lu Cheng , Xiao Cheng , Liu Zhongdi , Zhao Ning , Bian Zhaoxiang , Zhang Ge , Zhang Weidong , Liu Xinru , Lu Aiping
Published: July 2016

Determining sensitive biomarkers in the peripheral blood to identify interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) is essential for the simple early diagnosis of ILAs. This study aimed to determine serum metabolic biomarkers of ILAs and the corresponding pathogenesis. Three groups of subjects undergoing health screening, including healthy subjects, subjects with ILAs, and subjects who were healthy initially and with ILAs one year later (Healthy→ILAs), were recruited for this study. The metabolic profiles of all of the subjects’ serum were analyzed by liquid chromatography quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The metabolic characteristics of the ILAs subjects were discovered, and the corresponding biomarkers were predicted. The metabolomic data from the Healthy→ILAs subjects were collected for further verification. The results indicated that five serum metabolite alterations (up-regulated phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidic acid, betaine aldehyde and phosphatidylethanolamine, as well as down-regulated 1-acylglycerophosphocholine) were sensitive and reliable biomarkers for identifying ILAs. Perturbation of the corresponding biological pathways (RhoA signaling, mTOR/P70S6K signaling and phospholipase C signaling) might be at least partially responsible for the pathogenesis of ILAs. This study may provide a good template for determining the early diagnostic markers of subclinical disease status and for obtaining a better understanding of their pathogenesis.
Non-Classical Inhibition of Carbonic Anhydrase
Authors: Lomelino Carrie , Supuran Claudiu , McKenna Robert
Published: July 2016

Specific isoforms from the carbonic anhydrase (CA) family of zinc metalloenzymes have been associated with a variety of diseases. Isoform-specific carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) are therefore a major focus of attention for specific disease treatments. Classical CAIs, primarily sulfonamide-based compounds and their bioisosteres, are examined as antiglaucoma, antiepileptic, antiobesity, antineuropathic pain and anticancer compounds. However, many sulfonamide compounds inhibit all CA isoforms nonspecifically, diluting drug effectiveness and causing undesired side effects due to off-target inhibition. In addition, a small but significant percentage of the general population cannot be treated with sulfonamide-based compounds due to a sulfa allergy. Therefore, CAIs must be developed that are not only isoform specific, but also non-classical, i.e. not based on sulfonamides, sulfamates, or sulfamides. This review covers the classes of non-classical CAIs and the recent advances in the development of isoform-specific inhibitors based on phenols, polyamines, coumarins and their derivatives.
An mHealth Tool Suite for Mobility Assessment
Authors: Madhushri Priyanka , Dzhagaryan Armen , Jovanov Emil , Milenkovic Aleksandar
Published: July 2016

The assessment of mobility and functional impairments in the elderly is important for early detection and prevention of fall conditions. Falls create serious threats to health by causing disabling fractures that reduce independence in the elderly. Moreover, they exert heavy economic burdens on society due to high treatment costs. Modern smartphones enable the development of innovative mobile health (mHealth) applications by integrating a growing number of inertial and environmental sensors along with the ever-increasing data processing and communication capabilities. Mobility assessment is one of the promising mHealth application domains. In this paper, we introduce a suite of smartphone applications for assessing mobility in the elderly population. The suite currently includes smartphone applications that automate and quantify the following standardized medical tests for assessing mobility: Timed Up and Go (TUG), 30-Second Chair Stand Test (30SCS), and 4-Stage Balance Test (4SBT). For each application, we describe its functionality and a list of parameters extracted by processing signals from smartphone’s inertial sensors. The paper shows the results from studies conducted on geriatric patients for TUG tests and from experiments conducted in the laboratory on healthy subjects for 30SCS and 4SBT tests.
Targeting Bacterial Dsb Proteins for the Development of Anti-Virulence Agents
Authors: Smith Roxanne , Paxman Jason , Scanlon Martin , Heras Begoña
Published: July 2016

Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in bacterial antimicrobial resistance and a decline in the development of novel antibiotics. New therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to combat the growing threat posed by multidrug resistant bacterial infections. The Dsb disulfide bond forming pathways are potential targets for the development of antimicrobial agents because they play a central role in bacterial pathogenesis. In particular, the DsbA/DsbB system catalyses disulfide bond formation in a wide array of virulence factors, which are essential for many pathogens to establish infections and cause disease. These redox enzymes are well placed as antimicrobial targets because they are taxonomically widespread, share low sequence identity with human proteins, and many years of basic research have provided a deep molecular understanding of these systems in bacteria. In this review, we discuss disulfide bond catalytic pathways in bacteria and their significance in pathogenesis. We also review the use of different approaches to develop inhibitors against Dsb proteins as potential anti-virulence agents, including fragment-based drug discovery, high-throughput screening and other structure-based drug discovery methods.