bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who Are You and What’s Your Issue? Winning in Collective Litigation in Colombia
Authors: Páez Angela M.
Published: November 2022

This article analyzes the role of the Colombian Council of State, the administrative court of highest level in Colombia, in cases of collective litigation (acción popular). It answers the questions: Do outcomes in these cases vary depending on the right under litigation? Do parties with more resources achieve better outcomes? Does the government hold an advantage when facing other parties? The article analyzes quantitatively an original database of collective litigation cases on environmental protection, public security, the rights of consumers, and administrative morality, and interprets these findings using interview data. Results show that parties’ success rates vary depending on the right under litigation. The national government has the highest litigation success rate, but individuals are more likely to win than stronger parties like department and local governments. The article presents implications following the literature on courts and rights protection in the Global South and party capability.
How a young child sings a well-known song before she can speak
Authors: Stadler Elmer Stefanie
Published: November 2022

Through micro-genetic analysis of early singing, I describe and explain the complexity of song as an elementary cultural expression. For educators, it is important to understand the key role of song with and by young children as a means to convey feelings and musico-linguistic rules. Song consists of melody and lyrics, both of which are connected by metrical rules to form a Gestalt. A song sung by 18-month-old Lynn exemplifies that she produces the melody with ease, but shows difficulty forming the words. By following rules, she forms and expresses feelings of belonging to those who shared their singing with her previously.
Cognitive function in adults with Fontan palliation versus acyanotic CHD patients and association with health-related quality of life
Authors: Remmele Julia , Pringsheim Milka , Nagdyman Nicole , Oberhoffer-Fritz Renate , Ewert Peter
Published: November 2022

Background:

Impairments and developmental delay are often reported in infants and young children with CHD. However, currently, there is no data regarding cognitive abilities assessed by standardised intelligence tests in adults with CHD. This study assesses the cognitive function in Fontan patients compared with acyanotic CHD patients whether restrictions in cognitive function are present in adulthood and its association with health-related quality of life.

Methods:

Forty-four adult CHD (female n = 21 (47.7%); mean age 34.7 ± 11.9 years), 22 with Fontan circulation and 22 with acyanotic CHD, underwent the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for adults as patients during routine follow-up in 2018. The Medical Outcomes Study Questionnaire Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) assessed health-related quality of life.

Results:

Fontan patients showed significantly better results in the FSIQ (p = 0.020) and perceptual reasoning (p = 0.017) in comparison with patients with acyanotic CHD. All adult CHD patients showed normal IQ in subscales and full-scale IQ (FSIQ). In health-related quality of life, no association with cognitive function was found and no significant difference between both CHD groups, but trends to reduced values in acyanotic adult CHD.

Conclusions:

Interestingly, our study results in adult Fontan patients showed that it is possible to live an adult life with normal cognitive function and good health-related quality of life with a univentricular heart. Thus, this study could be a guidepost for more in-depth studies on cognitive function in Fontan survivors. In addition, the focus should be on health-related quality of life of adult CHD with simple CHD in particular, since a reduced health-related quality of life is not only medically based.
The Role of Summer Snowstorms on Seasonal Arctic Sea Ice Loss
Authors: Lim Won‐Il , Park Hyo‐Seok , Petty Alek A. , Seo Kyong‐Hwan
Published: November 2022

In the Arctic, short‐lived summer snowstorms can provide snow cover that can increase surface reflectivity and heat capacity. Despite their potential importance, little research has been done to understand the impact of summer snowstorms on basin‐scale Arctic sea ice cover. Our observational analysis shows that a summer snowstorm event is accompanied by cyclonic ice drift, increases in surface albedo and surface air cooling that can persist for up to ∼2 weeks, dampening sea ice loss. Specifically, multiple snowstorm events in a summer, on average, results in net increase in sea ice extent of ∼0.2 × 106 km2 by early September. Experiments with a sophisticated ice‐ocean model framework indicate that the initial expansion of sea ice extent is driven by cyclonic wind‐driven ice drifts driving sea ice southwards and increasing albedo around the summer ice edge, however the thermal effects from the associated snowfall and atmospheric conditions result in a stronger overall impact on basin‐averaged sea ice extent at seasonal scales. Additional model experiments were carried out to isolate the physical processes contributing to the thermal response of Arctic sea ice to summer snowstorms. Our results show the impact of surface air cooling on sea ice extent is about 3.5 times larger than the snowfall/albedo response. However, our simulated albedo response is weaker than the observed response, likely due to the negligible difference in surface albedo between old snow and freshly fallen snow—a limiting factor in our analysis and a topic worthy of future focus.
Characterization and Climatological Modeling of Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) Crest Position
Authors: Nigussie Melessew , Jakowski Norbert , Hoque Mainul
Published: November 2022

The Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) is characterized by strong ionospheric gradients that complicate ionospheric modeling and mitigation of ionospheric impact on Global Navigation Satellite System applications. In this study, the variation of EIA crest locations as a function of longitude and solar radio flux index F10.7 has been derived and modeled. Seven years (2013–2019) of ionospheric NmF2 and in‐situ ion density data from Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate and Swarm‐A satellites have been used. We find that the distance between the northern and southern crest of EIA grows slightly with increase of solar flux. The position of the crests of EIA follows a wave number 4 structure with peak values at around −130°, 0°, and 100°E. At the altitude of Swarm‐A (∼460 km), the equatorial crests are found closer to the geomagnetic dip equator than they are at the peak density height hmF2 (∼310 km) which may be due to the spatial variations of geomagnetic field strength. Accordingly, two Crest Position climatological Models have been developed, one for the F2 Peak height (CPM_F2P) and the other one for Swarm‐A height (CPM_SAH).
Structural basis of SNAPc-dependent snRNA transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II
Authors: Rengachari Srinivasan , Schilbach Sandra , Kaliyappan Thangavelu , Gouge Jerome , Zumer Kristina , Schwarz Juliane , Urlaub Henning , Dienemann Christian , Vannini Alessandro , Cramer Patrick
Published: November 2022

RNA polymerase II (Pol II) carries out transcription of both protein-coding and non-coding genes. Whereas Pol II initiation at protein-coding genes has been studied in detail, Pol II initiation at non-coding genes, such as small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes, is less well understood at the structural level. Here, we study Pol II initiation at snRNA gene promoters and show that the snRNA-activating protein complex (SNAPc) enables DNA opening and transcription initiation independent of TFIIE and TFIIH in vitro. We then resolve cryo-EM structures of the SNAPc-containing Pol IIpre-initiation complex (PIC) assembled on U1 and U5 snRNA promoters. The core of SNAPc binds two turns of DNA and recognizes the snRNA promoter-specific proximal sequence element (PSE), located upstream of the TATA box-binding protein TBP. Two extensions of SNAPc, called wing-1 and wing-2, bind TFIIA and TFIIB, respectively, explaining how SNAPc directs Pol II to snRNA promoters. Comparison of structures of closed and open promoter complexes elucidates TFIIH-independent DNA opening. These results provide the structural basis of Pol II initiation at non-coding RNA gene promoters.
Microbial pyrazine diamine is a novel electrolyte additive that shields high-voltage LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathodes
Authors: Gupta Agman , Badam Rajashekar , Takamori Noriyuki , Minakawa Hajime , Masuo Shunsuke , Takaya Naoki , Matsumi Noriyoshi
Published: November 2022

The uncontrolled oxidative decomposition of electrolyte while operating at high potential (> 4.2 V vs Li/Li+) severely affects the performance of high-energy density transition metal oxide-based materials as cathodes in Li-ion batteries. To restrict this degradative response of electrolyte species, the need for functional molecules as electrolyte additives that can restrict the electrolytic decomposition is imminent. In this regard, bio-derived molecules are cost-effective, environment friendly, and non-toxic alternatives to their synthetic counter parts. Here, we report the application of microbially synthesized 2,5-dimethyl-3,6-bis(4-aminobenzyl)pyrazine (DMBAP) as an electrolyte additive that stabilizes high-voltage (4.5 V vs Li/Li+) LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathodes. The high-lying highest occupied molecular orbital of bio-additive (DMBAP) inspires its sacrificial in situ oxidative decomposition to form an organic passivation layer on the cathode surface. This restricts the excessive electrolyte decomposition to form a tailored cathode electrolyte interface to administer cyclic stability and enhance the capacity retention of the cathode.
Bayesian spatio-temporal modelling of child anemia in Ethiopia using conditional autoregressive model
Authors: Tessema Zemenu Tadesse , Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn , Ahern Susannah , Earnest Arul
Published: November 2022

Anemia is a common health problem for women and under five children in low income countries. According to the WHO, anemia is considered a serious public health problem when the prevalence is greater than 40%. The prevalence of anemia among children under five in Ethiopia changes over time, and is spatially correlated because it is influenced by environmental, socio-economic and other related factors. However, to our knowledge, there is no small area level estimates of anemia among children under five in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess zonal level estimates of anemia using a Bayesian spatio-temporal conditional autoregressive modeling approach. The data for the study was extracted from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS) from 2005 to 2016. A sample of 18,939 children aged 6–59 months were considered for this study. A Bayesian spatio-temporal conditional autoregressive model was implemented to identify the risk of child anemia. Smoothed relative risks along with the 95% credible interval were reported. The queen’s adjacency matrix method was used in spatial smoothing and in estimating the relative risk. The prevalence of anemia among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia was 54% in 2005, 44% in 2011 and 57% in 2016. This study showed that low maternal education, low socio-economic status of women, and maternal anemia at zone level were strongly associated with child anemia in Ethiopia. Therefore, enhancing education for women, improving women's socioeconomic status, and mitigating maternal anemia are crucial to reduce the prevalence of childhood anemia in Ethiopia.
A novel gallium oxide nanoparticles-based sensor for the simultaneous electrochemical detection of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ ions in real water samples
Authors: El-Fatah Gehad Abd , Magar Hend S. , Hassan Rabeay Y. A. , Mahmoud Rehab , Farghali Ahmed A. , Hassouna Mohamed E. M.
Published: November 2022

Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) using gallium oxide nanoparticles/carbon paste electrode (Ga2O3/CPE) was utilized for the simultaneous detection of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ ions. Ga2O3NPs were chemically synthesized and fully characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Through the assay optimization, electrochemical screening of different nanomaterials was carried out using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in order to determine the best electrode modifier that will be implemented for the present assay. Consequently, various parameters such as electrode matrix composition, electrolyte, deposition potential, and deposition time were optimized and discussed. Accordingly, the newly developed sensing platform showed a wide dynamic linear range of 0.3–80 µM with detection limits (LODs) of 84, 88 and 130 nM for Pb2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ ions, respectively. While the corresponding limit of quantification (LOQ) values were 280, 320 and 450 nM. Sensors selectivity was investigated towards different non-targeting metal ions, whereas no obvious cross-reactivity was obtained. Eventually, applications on real samples were performed, while excellent recoveries for the multiple metal ions were successfully achieved.
Variation in blubber cortisol levels in a recovering humpback whale population inhabiting a rapidly changing environment
Authors: Pallin L. J. , Botero-Acosta N. , Steel D. , Baker C. S. , Casey C. , Costa D. P. , Goldbogen J. A. , Johnston D. W. , Kellar N. M. , Modest M. , Nichols R. , Roberts D. , Roberts M. , Savenko O. , Friedlaender A. S.
Published: November 2022

Glucocorticoids are regularly used as biomarkers of relative health for individuals and populations. Around the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), baleen whales have and continue to experience threats, including commercial harvest, prey limitations and habitat change driven by rapid warming, and increased human presence via ecotourism. Here, we measured demographic variation and differences across the foraging season in blubber cortisol levels of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) over two years around the WAP. Cortisol concentrations were determined from 305 biopsy samples of unique individuals. We found no significant difference in the cortisol concentration between male and female whales. However, we observed significant differences across demographic groups of females and a significant decrease in the population across the feeding season. We also assessed whether COVID-19-related reductions in tourism in 2021 along the WAP correlated with lower cortisol levels across the population. The decline in vessel presence in 2021 was associated with a significant decrease in humpback whale blubber cortisol concentrations at the population level. Our findings provide critical contextual data on how these hormones vary naturally in a population over time, show direct associations between cortisol levels and human presence, and will enable comparisons among species experiencing different levels of human disturbance.
Factors affecting the outcome of full pulpotomy in permanent posterior teeth diagnosed with reversible or irreversible pulpitis
Authors: Zhang Min , Xiong Yuhua , Wang Xuerong , Wang Yunqin , Cai Yixin , Xu Junchen , Zhang Chengfei , Li Jin
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the success rate of full pulpotomy in permanent posterior teeth with pulpitis. The study included 105 permanent posterior teeth clinically diagnosed as reversible or irreversible pulpitis in 92 patients aged 18–82 years. All teeth underwent a full pulpotomy using mineral trioxide aggregate as a capping material and were recalled for clinical and radiographic evaluation at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. The overall success rate after the 12-month review was above 90%, and failed cases mainly occurred during the first 12 months after treatment. In this study, the treatment outcome of pulpotomy was not related to sex, or tooth position and the cause of pulpitis. To analyze the influence of age on the treatment outcome, all the teeth were allocated to three groups: group 1 (18–39 years); group 2 (40–59 years); and group 3 (≥ 60 years). A significant difference in success rate was found between groups 1 and 3 (P = 0.014). These results suggest that pulpotomy can be used as an alternative treatment for permanent mature teeth diagnosed with pulpitis and that aging is one factor affecting the treatment outcome.
KBTBD11, encoding a novel PPARγ target gene, is involved in NFATc1 proteolysis by interacting with HSC70 and HSP60
Authors: Watanabe Kazuhisa , Matsumoto Ayumi , Tsuda Hidetoshi , Iwamoto Sadahiko
Published: November 2022

We previously revealed that Kbtbd11 mRNA levels increase during 3T3-L1 differentiation and Kbtbd11 knockdown suppresses whereas its overexpression promotes adipogenesis. However, how Kbtbd11 mRNA is regulated during adipocyte differentiation and how the KBTBD11 protein functions in adipocytes remain elusive. This study aimed to examine the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of Kbtbd11 during adipocyte differentiation, KBTBD11-interacting protein functions, and elucidate the role of KBTBD11 in adipocytes. First, we identified the PPRE consensus sequences in the Kbtbd11 exon 1- and intron 1-containing region and demonstrated that PPARγ acts on this region to regulate Kbtbd11 expression. Next, we purified the KBTBD11 protein complex from 3T3-L1 adipocytes and identified heat shock proteins HSC70 and HSP60 as novel KBTBD11-interacting proteins. HSC70 and HSP60 inhibition increased KBTBD11 protein levels that promoted NFATc1 ubiquitination. These data suggest that HSC70 and HSP60 are involved in KBTBD11 stabilization and are responsible for NFATc1 regulation on the protein level. In summary, this study describes first the protein regulatory mechanism of NFATc1 through the HSC70/HSP60-KBTBD11 interaction that could provide a potential new target for the differentiation and proliferation of various cells, including adipocytes and tumors.
Enantio- and diastereoselective boron conjugate addition to α-alkyl α,β-unsaturated esters
Authors: Li Meng , Peng Guang-Rui , Yang Xuan , Ma Zhen-Ning , Xie Jian-Bo
Published: November 2022

An optimized copper catalytic system for the enantio- and diastereoselective boron conjugate addition to less reactive α-alkyl α,β-unsaturated esters was developed.
Quasi-elastic neutron scattering study on dynamics of polymer gels with controlled inhomogeneity under uniaxial deformation
Authors: Aomura Kosuke , Yasuda Yusuke , Yamada Takeshi , Sakai Takamasa , Mayumi Koichi
Published: November 2022

We study the segmental and monomer dynamics of polymer gels with controlled inhomogeneity under uniaxial deformation by means of quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS).
Dissolution dynamics of a binary switchable hydrophilicity solvent–polymer drop into an acidic aqueous phase
Authors: Billet Romain , Zeng Binglin , Lockhart James , Gattrell Mike , Zhao Hongying , Zhang Xuehua
Published: November 2022

Switchable hydrophilicity solvents (SHSs) are solvents defined by their ability to switch from their hydrophobic form to a hydrophilic form when brought into contact with an acidic trigger such as CO2.
Trusted and secure composite digital twin architecture for collaborative ecosystems
Authors: Kuruppuarachchi Pasindu Manisha , Rea Susan , McGibney Alan
Published: November 2022

Digitalisation creates new opportunities for businesses to implement and manage collaborative ecosystems both internally and externally. Digital twin (DT) is a rapidly emerging technology that can be used to facilitate new models of interaction and sharing of information. DT is the digital version of a physical process or asset that can be used to model, manage, and optimise its physical counterpart. Connecting multiple DTs is vital to provide a holistic integration and view across complex ecosystems. To create a DT‐based collaborative ecosystem architecture, the following concerns need to be addressed. Trust is a fundamental requirement because multiple parties will work together as part of a composite DT. Interoperability is essential, as DTs from various domains will be required to interconnect and operate seamlessly. Finally, the governance is challenging as different scenarios require various mechanisms and governance structures. This study presents an architecture to enable multiple DT‐based collaborative ecosystems, and example use case scenarios to demonstrate its applicability in collaborative manufacturing.
Compressive sensing reconstruction of hyperspectral images based on codec space‐spectrum joint dense residual network
Authors: Xiao Shuming , Zhang Ye , Chang Xuling , Xu Jiajia
Published: November 2022

The spatial and spectral information contained in the hyperspectral image (HSI) make it widely used in many fields. However, the sharp increase of HSI data brings enormous pressure to the data storage and real‐time transmission. The research shows that hyperspectral compressive sensing (HCS) breaks through the bottleneck of the Nyquist sampling theorem, which can relieve the massive pressure on data storage and real‐time transmission. Existing HCS methods try to design advanced compression sampling matrix or reconstruction algorithms, but cannot connect the two through a unified framework. To further improve the image reconstruction quality, a novel codec space‐spectrum joint dense residual network (CDS2‐DResN) is proposed. The CDS2‐DResN is divided into block compression sampling part and reconstruction part. For block compression sampling, coded convolutional layer (CCL) is leveraged to compress and sample HSI. For measurements reconstruction, deconvolution layer is first leveraged to initially reconstruct HSI, and then build a space‐spectrum joint network to refine the initial reconstructed HSI. Moreover, the CCL and reconstruction network are optimized via a unified framework, which can simplify the pre‐processing and post‐processing process of HCS. Extensive experiments have shown that CDS2‐DResN has an excellent HCS reconstruction effect at measurement rates 0.25, 0.10, 0.04 and 0.01, respectively.
The metallicity distribution in the core of the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal: Minimising the metallicity biases
Authors: Minelli Alice , Bellazzini Michele , Mucciarelli Alessio , Bonifacio Piercarlo , Ibata Rodrigo , Romano Donatella , Monaco Lorenzo , Caffau Elisabetta , Dalessandro Emanuele , Pascale Raffaele
Published: November 2022

We present the metallicity and radial velocity for 450 bona fide members of the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal (Sgr dSph) galaxy, measured from high-resolution spectra (R ≃ 18 000) obtained with FLAMES at the VLT. The targets were carefully selected (a) to sample the core of the main body of Sgr dSph while avoiding contamination from the central stellar nucleus, and (b) to prevent any bias on the metallicity distribution by selecting targets based on theirGaiaparallax and proper motions. All the targets selected in this way were confirmed as radial velocity members. We used this sample to derive the first metallicity distribution of the core of Sgr dSph, which is virtually unaffected by metallicity biases. The observed distribution ranges from [Fe/H] ≃ −2.3 to [Fe/H] ≃ 0.0, with a strong, symmetric, and relatively narrow peak around [Fe/H] ≃ −0.5 and a weak and extended metal-poor tail, in which only 13.8 ± 1.9% of the stars have [Fe/H] < −1.0. We confirm previous evidence of correlations between chemical and kinematical properties of stars in the core of Sgr. In our sample, stars with [Fe/H] ≥ −0.6 display a lower velocity dispersion and a higher rotation amplitude than those with [Fe/H] < −0.6, confirming previous suggestions of disk/halo structure for the progenitor of the system.
Jimmy, de la chaleur à revendre
Authors: Le Gros Gaïc
Published: November 2022

Avec son microréacteur à haute température, Jimmy propose une solution pour fournir de la chaleur décarbonée et compétitive aux industriels. L’entreprise vise une commercialisation rapide avec une Demande d’autorisation de création (DAC) en juin 2023 et une première mise en service en 2026.
Psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutische Versorgung in der Krise:
Ergebnisse des Pilotprojekts LeiP#netz
Authors: Fasshauer Jonathan Mathias , Schwedhelm Justus , Koschig Maria , Seyde Thomas , Steinhart Ingmar , Conrad Ines , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. , Stengler Katarina
Published: November 2022

Ziel der StudieAnalyse von psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutischen
Krisenangeboten im Leipziger Psychiatrie Netzwerk (LeiP#netz), unter Zuordnung
der Angebote zum Funktionalen Basismodell (FBM) nach Steinhart und Wienberg.

MethodikEine standardisierte Erhebung zur Krisenversorgung (GEMPSY)
erfolgte anhand der Funktionen „komplexe ambulante Behandlung“,
„Zugang zu Akutpsychotherapie in der Krise“, und
„24 h komplexe, intensive Behandlung“ mittels
einrichtungsbezogener und funktionsspezifischer Instrumente.

ErgebnisseInsgesamt 31 Maßnahmen wurden für die drei
Funktionen erfasst. Alle Angebote wurden in hohem Maße ausgelastet; in
12,50–30,00% der Fälle konnten keine Krisenangebote
vorgehalten werden. Angebote ohne Voranmeldung und in einem
24/7-Zeitfenster sind in sehr geringem Umfang verfügbar.

SchlussfolgerungAngebote zur Krisenversorgung schwer psychisch erkrankter
Menschen sind in der Studienregion in verschiedenen Konstellationen
verfügbar. Insbesondere niedrigschwellige 24/7-Krisenangebote
müssen ausgebaut werden.
Axillastaging nach neoadjuvanter Chemotherapie bei initial nodal positivem Mammakarzinom in Deutschland
Authors: Hartmann Steffi , Kühn Thorsten , Hauptmann Michael , Stickeler Elmar , Thill Marc , Lux Michael P. , Fröhlich Sarah , Ruf Franziska , Loibl Sibylle , Blohmer Jens-Uwe , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Thiemann Elisabeth , Weigel Michael , Solbach Christine , Kaltenecker Gabriele , Paluchowski Peter , Schrauder Michael G. , Paepke Stefan , Watermann Dirk , Hahn Markus , Hufnagel Maria , Lefarth Jutta , Untch Michael , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie ,   Die AXSANA-Studiengruppe
Published: November 2022

Einleitung Das optimale axilläre Stagingverfahren für initial nodal positive MammakarzinompatientInnen nach neoadjuvanter Chemotherapie (NACT) ist bislang unklar. Die AXSANA-Studie wird mit dem Ziel durchgeführt, die verschiedenen operativen Stagingtechniken hinsichtlich ihres onkologischen Outcomes und der Lebensqualität prospektiv miteinander zu vergleichen. Über die aktuelle klinische Praxis in Deutschland ist wenig bekannt.

Material und Methoden Die Daten der von Juni 2020 bis März 2022 an deutschen Studienzentren in die AXSANA-Studie aufgenommenen PatientInnen wurden analysiert.

Ergebnisse Im Untersuchungszeitraum wurden 1135 PatientInnen an 143 Studienstandorten rekrutiert. Bei 22 % der PatientInnen fanden sich initial mehr als 3 suspekte Lymphknoten. In 64 % der Fälle wurde der Target-Lymphknoten (TLN) markiert. Dabei erfolgte die Markierung bei 83 % der PatientInnen mit Clips/Coils, bei je 8 % mit magnetischen Seeds oder Kohlenstoffsuspension und bei 1 % mit einem Radarmarker. Bei jeweils 48 % der PatientInnen wurde nach NACT eine Targeted Axillary Dissection (TAD) oder eine axilläre Lymphonodektomie (ALND) geplant, bei 2 % eine alleinige Sentinel-Lymphknoten-Biopsie (SLNB). Klinisch wurde der Nodalstatus nach NACT in 65 % der Fälle als unauffällig beurteilt. Bei 65 % der Frauen wurde der histologische Lymphknotenstatus durch die Palpation und bei 69 % der PatientInnen durch die Sonografie korrekt erfasst.

Schlussfolgerung An den deutschen AXSANA-Studienzentren werden derzeit die TAD und die ALND als häufigste operative Stagingverfahren nach NACT bei primär nodal positiven MammakarzinompatientInnen durchgeführt, wobei die Markierung des TLN vor NACT mit verschiedenen Markern erfolgt. Aufgrund der ungenügenden Genauigkeit der klinischen Beurteilung des axillären Lymphknotenstatus nach NACT sollte kritisch hinterfragt werden, ob eine Axilladissektion nach NACT auf der Grundlage einer alleinigen klinischen Bewertung des Nodalstatus erfolgen sollte.
A simple incubation test for determining soil dispersion and gypsum rates
Authors: Liang Xueying , Rengasamy Pichu , Scott Edward , Mosley Luke M.
Published: November 2022

Context High levels of exchangeable sodium or potassium in soils can lead to issues such as dispersion and deterioration of soil structure, reduced hydraulic conductivity and inadequate aeration. Gypsum is the most common soil amendment used to treat these issues but current methods to determine application rates (e.g. based on exchangeable sodium percentage or addition of dissolved calcium to diluted soil extracts) have limitations. Aim The aim of this study was to develop a simple soil incubation test to determine gypsum rates that are sufficient to eliminate soil dispersion. Methods Accurately weighed amounts of gypsum (to represent rates between 0 and 10 t ha−1) were mixed with soil (n = 8, three replicates) in small columns (50 mL plastic syringe-valve) and incubated under wet conditions for different periods. The turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH and cation concentrations in the column leachate were measured. Key results As gypsum rate increased, turbidity in the leachate decreased and this relationship was fitted with a natural logarithm function for each soil (average R2 = 0.71). A desired leachate turbidity target of ≤10 NTU was used in the equation to estimate the gypsum rate when dispersion was overcome for each soil. Testing suggested that a 1-day soil incubation time was sufficient. Conclusions Advantages of this new method include (a) non-reliance on exchangeable cation measurements, (b) direct relationship of the turbidity measure with soil dispersion and (c) the influence of soil salinity on dispersion being implicitly considered. Implications This method should provide improved decision support for management of dispersive soils.
Teachers’ attitudes towards varieties of Hong Kong English
Authors: Ladegaard Hans J. , Chan Ka Long Roy
Published: November 2022

Previous language attitude research in Hong Kong compared Hong Kong English (HKE) to exonormative standard
Englishes, whereas this study uses five varieties of HKE with more or less localised features. One hundred English language
teachers were listener judges in a verbal-guise experiment, and the results showed that most of the speakers received positive
evaluations, particularly on solidarity dimensions. The speaker with most local features received the most negative evaluation,
but the difference was most evident on status dimensions. Thus, speakers of HKE are seen as likeable, competent and proficient,
which suggests that Hong Kong may have entered into the nativisation stage of Kachru’s
(1983) model. We argue that the recognition of HKE demonstrated in this study should have implications for English
language teaching. We propose adopting pedagogies grounded in local language and culture, which would encourage students and
teachers to express themselves in localised English, and express a local identity.
A
4-based model with linear seesaw scheme for lepton mass and mixing
Authors: Vien V V , Long H N
Published: November 2022

We suggest a low-scale model based on A
4 × Z
4 × Z
2 symmetry and a global lepton number U(1)
L
symmetry capable of generating the current neutrino data. The neutrino mass smallness is reproduced by the linear seesaw mechanism. The model can explain the current observed pattern of lepton mixing in which the reactor and atmospheric angles get the best-fit values, and the solar angle and Dirac phase lie within 3 σ limits. The obtained values of the sum of neutrino mass and the effective neutrino mass are below the present experimental limits.
Unique low-energy line defects and lateral heterostructures in phosphorene
Authors: Guan Jie , Li Kang , Lu Nan , Yang Cuiping
Published: November 2022

Defect engineering and heterostructure construction are important approaches to modulate the properties of two-dimensional semiconductors. We introduced four phosphorene allotropes as the defective structures to construct the corresponding line defects and lateral heterostructures in black phosphorene. In all the constructed phosphorene systems, the P atoms at the boundaries will keep local threefold covalent bonding, forming clean one-dimensional interfaces and exhibiting a high stability. Electronic structure calculations show that all the constructed structures are semiconducting in absent of deep defect states and the band gap values can be regulated by introducing different defective structures. Distinct distributions of the electronic frontier states are found in the different line defect systems and both type-I and II band alignments can be formed in the semiconducting lateral heterostructures.
Baryon asymmetry and lower bound on right handed neutrino mass in fast expanding Universe: an analytical approach
Authors: Chakraborty Mainak , Roy Sourov
Published: November 2022

The expansion rate of the Universe deviates from its standard value when the total energy density includes contribution from a new scalar field apart from the radiation energy density. The non-trivial modifications incurred in the Boltzmann equations render the well known analytical solutions unsuitable in non standard scenario. In the present study we derive analytical expressions for the efficiency factor (which is nothing but solution of set of Boltzmann equations) using certain legible approximations. A fair degree of accuracy of these formulas have been observed by juxtaposing the analytical results with that obtained through numerical solution of Boltzmann equations. Faster expansion of the Universe results in decrement of the effective decay parameter which brings down the amount of washout of asymmetry due to inverse decay. Thus in non-standard cosmology scenario, a larger fraction of the asymmetry (generated at early epoch) is expected to survive till present epoch. Alteration of the cosmology does not affect the underlying particle physics model responsible for the generation of the CP asymmetry. Therefore starting from an identical particle physics model we will end up with a larger final baryon asymmetry in the non-standard scenario. It hints towards the possible relaxation of the lower bound of the lightest right handed neutrino mass required to produce adequate asymmetry which is in agreement with current experimental data.
Influence of Tip Speed Ratio on the efficiency of Savonius wind turbine with deformable blades
Authors: Marchewka Emil , Sobczak Krzysztof , Reorowicz Piotr , Obidowski Damian , Jóźwik Krzysztof
Published: November 2022

Improving machines efficiency and searching for their new applications are the main topics in the development of the renewable energy industry. In the case of Savonius type wind turbines, the works aim at the improvement of aerodynamic performance. The CFD simulations of a turbine equipped with deformable blades showed a significant positive impact of this enhancement on the machine aerodynamic efficiency. Previously, the investigation was carried out for a TSR (Tip Speed Ratio) equal to 0.8, typically recognized as the point of maximal efficiency for conventional Savonius wind turbines with rigid blades. However, the continuously altering shape of blades during their rotation can influence the optimal TSR. Therefore, the efficiency of the deformable blade turbine was investigated in a wide range of TSR. In this paper, the previously developed quasi-2D model with a two-way Fluid-Structure Interaction method was employed to obtain turbine efficiency characteristics as a function of TSR. The maximum power coefficient Cp was achieved at TSR = 0.9. Obtained characteristic was compared with data for a conventional rigid blades turbine, gathered with a comparable sliding mesh model.
Statistical analysis of flow velocity field inside random packed beds
Authors: Marek Maciej
Published: November 2022

Immersed boundary method is used for simulation of fluid flow through random packed beds of various particles (cylinders and rings) obtained in a separate numerical simulation of the packing process. Due to complexities of the random packing structure the flow velocity is also highly complex despite the laminar regime. The statistical characteristics of the flow field are examined in detail and compared between various packings - not only probability distribution of flow velocity but also novel statistical measures that provide useful information about the flow applicable to simplified models of flow in similar structures. The measures are based on the statistics of the flow deflection angle i.e. the angle between the local flow velocity vector and the inlet velocity direction. The proposed two-dimensional map allows for assessment of the probability distribution of the flow deflection angle for different values of the velocity magnitude.
A parametric analysis of concentration losses in an anode of a solid oxide fuel cell
Authors: Prokop T , Brus G , Szmyd J
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the loss of voltage in a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) as a result of the irreversible diffusive transport of gases through the microscopic pores of its fuel electrode. The voltage loss is estimated by solving the diffusive-convective equations, and current conduction equations in a computational domain based on data from Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy. The simulation includes both the binary diffusion and the free-molecular diffusion phenomena by employing Cylindrical Pore Interpolation Model. Butler-Volmer model is used to compute the reaction rate. Ion and electron current conduction is based on empirical relationships reported in the literature. The total losses are decomposed to identify the contribution of the mass transport irreversibilities. The parametric study results form a concave surface, showing non-linear relationship between electrode thickness, and diffusion-related voltage losses. The optimal active layer thickness is estimated.
CFD analysis of a multi-rotor flying robot for air pollution inspection
Authors: Suchanek G , Filipek R
Published: November 2022

The aim of the work was to create a CFD model of the flow generated around the drone to estimate the impact of field parameters on the results of actual measurements from PM sensors that are positioned differently in relation to the propellers. The model created with the use of the ANSYS Fluent software allowed one to determine the criterion of their sufficient distance. The robots with four, six and eight rotors were analyzed. For these, the turbulence intensity, velocity and pressure distributions were determined. The paper also presents the results of PM measurements carried out under field conditions using two sensors mounted on the hexacopter robot.
CO2 methanation: on the modeling of reacting laminar flows in structured Ni/MgAl2O4 catalysts
Authors: Méndez J A Medina , González-Castaño M , Baena-Moreno F M , Arellano-García H
Published: November 2022

This work presents an overview of issues for the modeling of laminar flows in monolith catalysts. Both 0-D and 3-D models are evaluated for a parallel channel structured honeycomb catalyst (PC-HC), and a gyroid 3-D printed structured catalyst (G-3D). At the 0-D homogeneous reactor modeling level, the analysis is focused on the effect of the bulk porosity, as well as the model choice to represent Nusselt number effects. Results show the better suitability of a long tube Nusselt number model for the representation of the maximum temperature achievable in the 0-D homogeneous reactor, as well as a modest effect of the porosity on the catalyst CO2 conversion. A more detailed insight on heat transfer and the core reaction zone inside the monolith can be obtained at the 3-D homogeneous reactor modeling level.
Microphysical measurements of hydrometeors using shadowgraph imaging technique
Authors: Mohammadi Moein , Nowak Jakub L , Malinowski Szymon P
Published: November 2022

The size distributions of raindrops and precipitation particles were measured in a series of in situ experiments during various weather events in Warsaw, Poland. To perform the measurements, a shadowgraph instrument, “VisiSize D30”, was set up on the roof of the Institute of Geophysics, University of Warsaw, together with an “OTT Parsivel2” laser disdrometer. The VisiSize D30, recently introduced to atmospheric research, is capable of accurately determining a wide range of particle sizes, from micrometre-scale cloud droplets to millimetre-scale precipitation particles, while directly measuring droplets by capturing shadow images of them. A comparison of the data collected by the two instruments during simultaneous measurements shows that combining the shadowgraph technique with the optical disdrometer can prevent droplet size distribution truncation and provide more accurate results.
On Dynamics of Flow past a Stage Axial Air Turbine
Authors: Uruba V , Duda D , Yanovych V
Published: November 2022

The air flow inside a single-stage test turbine is studied experimentally using the Particle Image Velocimetry technique. The measurements were performed at the axial-tangential plane just behind the rotor at the middle blade radius. The large vortical structures are identified in the shear layers between the blade wakes and channel jet. The phase-locked structures topology of random dynamical structures in the flow behind the stage are to be analysed using the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition method.
Least-order representation of control-oriented flow estimation exemplified for the fluidic pinball
Authors: Li Songqi , Li Wenpeng , Noack Bernd R
Published: November 2022

Deep learning has been widely utilized to accurately estimate the flow state from the sparse sensor measurements. Yet there is still a lack of understanding of the actual dimension of this type of regression problem. In this study, we propose an Autoencoder (AE) based estimation method to tackle the control-oriented, sensor-based flow estimation problem. This method encodes the input information into a few-nodes bottleneck, then decodes the compressed information to the estimated the flow state. This network stands for the least order representation of the input-output relationship. We choose the fluidic pinball as the benchmark problem which contains multiple-input and multiple-output. The rotations of three cylinders in the flow generates rich flow physics. Consequently, strong non-linearity arises between input measurements and output flow state. For fair comparison the Deep Neural Network (DNN) is also employed to highlight the influence of the encoding-decoding process in AE. The results show that when the flow is periodic, the input vector can be effectively encoded into a five-dimensional subspace without a significant loss of estimation accuracy. However, the five-dimensional encoding will eliminate partial information from the input vector when the forced flow becomes chaotic, resulting in a lower estimation accuracy than DNN.
On the generalization of Calogero-Ahmed summation formulas
Authors: Urbanowicz K , Stosiak M , Bergant A
Published: November 2022

The use of the Laplace transform gives the solution of water hammer equations in the frequency domain. The inverse transform of this solution over the years seemed impossible to derive, due to the significant complexity and the fact that the square root of the Bessel function was embedded in the argument of the resulting hyperbolic functions. In this work, we consider some generalizations that enable the determination of the modified Calogero-Ahmed infinite series. These generalizations will allow us in the near future (using the machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms) a return to the time domain in a very wide range of the dynamic viscosity function, which plays the most important role in this complex fluid dynamic problem.
Density diffusion in low Mach number flows
Authors: Pozorski J , Kajzer A
Published: November 2022

In the realm of compressible viscous flow modelling, we briefly revisit the debate on a possible inconsistency of the Navier-Stokes (NS) equations. Then, we recall a recent proposal from the literature, put forward by M. Svärd. One of its features is the mass diffusive term in the continuity equation. The presence of density diffusion in the Svärd model reduces dispersive numerical errors when simple centred 2nd order, numerical diffusion free, spatial schemes are used, as confirmed in the simulations of a doubly-periodic shear layer at Ma = 0.05 and Re = 104. Further reduction of the dispersive errors at the spatial discretisation level is possible by more sophisticated approximation techniques.
Non-equilibrium dissipation scaling in atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Wacławczyk M , Nowak J L , Malinowski S P
Published: November 2022

This work is devoted to the detection of non-equilibrium turbulence states in atmospheric turbulence. The non-equilibrium scaling contradicts the classical Richardson-Kolmogorov cascade picture and many turbulence models do not account for it. The existence of such scaling has been discovered in various laboratory experiments. We show here that non-equilibrium states are also present in the stratocumulus-topped boundary layers, which indicates the presence rapidly changing external conditions.
Material Analysis and Structural Strength of High Energy Electron Accelerator Cavity Using Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
Authors: Subhan M , Natanael G R , Atmoko D F , Triyanto J
Published: November 2022

In 2021, Indonesia planned to build high-energy accelerator electrons for the sterilization of medical instruments. With the transfer of technology from Russia to Indonesia like civil engineering, architecture, electrical, mechanical, control system, and instrumentation. But some several core technologies from accelerator electron like reviews for cavity material, strength of material cavity, vacuum system, electron accelerator system, and radiofrequency technology are not provided. For this reason, it is important to review one of the core technologies from the accelerator. This paper will review the material and strength of the material cavity of the accelerator with the software Finite Element Analysis (FEA) regarding the ILU-14 technology from Russia. Material cavity made from Oxygen free cooper with density 8,89 – 8,94 [g/cm3]. ILU-14 on the power of 100 KW can produce energy 7.5 MeV – 10 MeV. The accelerator consists of a 176 MHz acceleration structure based on a self-excited generator with a total of five GI-50A tubes. The diameter of the resonator is about 800mm with a length of 7875 – 9000 mm with a vacuum pressure of not more than 10−5 lTorr/s (0.133 x 10−2 lPa/s). The results based on the stress of the material will compare with the stress of the oxygen-free copper material.
Development of Ba0.6Ca0.4Fe12O19/Fe3O4/Sio2 Composite Material For Microwave Absorption Applications At X-Band Frequency Range
Authors: Jalil Z , Handoko E , Susila A B , Hasanah A N , Al-Faridzi M S , Ishak M S , Gursida A H , Iriani Y , Maisaroh U , Alaydrus M M
Published: November 2022

In this paper, Ba0.6Ca0.4Fe12O19/Fe3O4/SiO2 composite materials were prepared by a convetional ceramic method and their microwave absorbing properties were studied in the frequency range of 8.2–12.4 GHz (X band). As-prepared Ba0.6Ca0.4Fe12O19/Fe3O4/SiO2 were characterized by the crystalline structure, magnetic, surface morphology and and microwave absorption properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Permagraph, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). The signals parameters (S11 and S21) data were recorded by VNA. The complex permeability (μ) and permittivity (ɛ) values were calculated by Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW). The results shown that Ba0.6Ca0.4Fe12O19/Fe3O4/SiO2 has an optimum reflection loss and broadband absorption and a suitable absorber in the microwave frequency range.