bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Charity and welcome at the monastery
Authors: Del Bono Laura
Published: December 2023

The early medieval coenobitic tradition, starting from the ancient monastic rules, has developed a discipline on the practice of charity, which reflects social conditions and mentality proper to its time. The precept of love towards the others is also distinguished in the care for the sick in need of assistance, the guests who arrive at the monastery and the poor knocking at its door or wanderers asking to be housed.The Benedictine rule says that the guest is accepted by the prior or brothers with all charity and they pray together; the distribution of bread, food, wine and the assignment of a bed are contemplated. It is an evangelical command of monastic life.According to the Regula Benedicti handed down by Ildemaro of Corbie the hospitale pauperum is directed by the eleemosinarius monk, while the hospitale nobilium looks like lodgings in which to host the patrons of the Abbey, high prelates or influential characters, with whom the monks establishes useful public relations.The structure of the hospital of Santa Giulia, historically and archaeologically studied through unpublished documents, was wide and fit for this task. It included a central claustrum overlooked by the palacium or main building, equipped with court-distributed accommodations, the church dedicated to San Remigio, the domus consisting of accommodations, the curia communis and many other service sites.The nuns, sometimes assisted by a retrix hospitalis, performed their service into institutionalized charity in a hospital that was the largest and most important in Brescia, until the middle XV century.The aim of the research is to analyse the functions and interconnections with social and political life in a diachronic way, but also to show an example of institutionalized medieval charity.
Relationship between the level of uric acid and peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients; a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shamspour Najmeh , Jafarian Zeinab , Mousavi Maryam Alsadat , Ahmadipour Habibeh , Azmandian Jalal
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Peritonitis is a cause of mortality among peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Some studies suggested that uric acid (UC) levels may be effective in inflammatory processes. Objectives: We have examined the relationship between serum UC and peritonitis in PD patients. Patients and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted over six years. The statistical population was all PD patients who underwent PD for at least six months. The sample size included 151 patients based on serum UC levels (less than or equal to 6.5 mg/dL, more than 6.5 mg/dL) and was divided into two groups. Both groups were compared using inflammatory factors and peritonitis. Results: In total, around 100 patients (66.2%) had UC levels ≤6.5 mg/dL, and 51 patients (33.7%) had serum UC levels >6.5 mg/dL. Peritonitis was observed in 72 (47.6%) patients. The frequency of peritonitis in the patients with greater levels of serum UC (51%) was higher compared to the other group (46%), but this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.56). The average hemoglobin level was lower in higher serum UC levels group (P=0.002). The mean levels of serum albumin (P=0.002), phosphorus (P=0.004), and creatinine (P=0.02) were lower in the group with serum UC below 6.5 mg/dL group. Conclusion: There was no correlation discovered between peritonitis and serum UC levels. However, it seems that serum UC can serve as a marker among PD patients to predict the occurrence of anemia and malnutrition.
Assessment of risk factors for osteopenia development in premature babies
Authors: Tsymbal A. Yu. , Kotlova Yu. V.
Published: December 2023

Neonatal osteopenia (KB 61.3 (ICD-11)) – violation of mineral exchange of bone tissue (BT) of premature babies (PB). Predicting and detection of osteopenia is the key to its successful control.

Aim. The aim of the article was to determine risk factors influencing the formation of neonatal osteopenia of PB and during the term of intensive care / postintensive nursing.

Materials and methods. Ultrasound densitometer Sunlight Omnisense 9000 was used to measure the ultrasound speed in BT (SOS, m/s) with estimation Z-score (SD) according to gestational age of 56 PB and 20 mature babies (control group) in the early neonatal age. Verification of osteopenia was carried out under the WHO guidelines for radiation methods by Z-score indicator less than SD by -1.0. Estimation of Z-score -2.0 SD and less was attributed to ultra-low indicators. The characteristics of obstetric and gynecological, somatic anamnesis and pregnancy course of premature babies’ mothers, factors of PB postnatal development that influence the formation of BT were studied.

Results. Children born at 33 weeks or earlier are 3.23 times more likely (OR = 3.23; CI 95 % [1.08; 9.70]) to develop BT demineralization by the corresponding term of birth than other PB. The chances of ultra-low SOS by Z-score are 14.22 times higher (OR = 14.22; CI 95 % [3.29; 61.57]) in PB born at 32 weeks of gestation and earlier. Extragenital diseases, clinical signs of calcium deficiency in mothers, and women’s intake of calcium and vitamin D3 during pregnancy did not have a statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) in the studied PB and control group. The mother’s preeclampsia increases the chances of insufficient BT mineralization by 5.47 times (OR = 5.47; CI 95 % [1.07; 27.93]), second parity pregnancy (and subsequent ones) – by 4.51 times (OR = 4.51, CI 95 % [1.38; 14.80]). The factors of the ratio of the duration of mechanical ventilation relative to the total time of PB treatment, the duration of parenteral feeding have an inverse correlation (moderate (r = -0.42, р < 0.05) and significant (r = -0.51, р < 0.05) respectively) with a decrease in SOS to low Z-score.

Conclusions. In PB born at 32 weeks of gestation and earlier, the chances of ultra-low SOS indicators by Z-score are 14.22 times higher (OR = 14.22; CI 95 % [3.29; 61.57]). The following factors predicts insufficient mineralization of BT according to SOS indicators according to the Z-score: mother’s second parity pregnancy (and subsequent ones), preeclampsia, parenteral feeding of PB for more than 8 days (Se = 75.00 %, Sp = 71.87 %, p < 0.0001), duration of mechanical ventilation, which is more than 6.48 % of the total time of PB treatment (Se = 86.67 %, Sp = 59.38 %, p < 0.046).
Complex use of cycleand power-ergometry in determining the physical working capacity of young athletes
Authors: Khoroshukha M. F. , Filippov M. M. , Bosenko A. I. , Mykhaliuk Ye. L. , Buriak O. Yu.
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study is to scientifically substantiate the possibilities of complex use of cycle- and power-ergometry in determining aerobic and anaerobic-aerobic performance of power nature.

Materials and methods. Young athletes (boys) aged 15–16 (n = 91) of the Brovary Higher School of Physical Education (Kyiv region) (experimental group), who participated in the study, were divided into two groups. Group А (n = 47) – speed-power sports (boxing, freestyle wrestling); group B (n = 44) – endurance sports (track and field athletics: 800, 1500, 3000 and 5000-meters race, bicycle racing 50 and 75 km). Sports experience was 3–5 years and more. The control group (group К) consisted of students aged 15–16, who did not play sports (n = 25). Physical working capacity was determined using two methods: submaximal cycle ergometric test PWC170 and submaximal power ergometric test PWC170. Method of power ergometry (patent of Ukraine No 49417) has no analogues in countries of near and far abroad.

Results. The fact of the specific influence of different kinds of dosed physical exercises (strength and power exercises) on PWC170 indicators was established. Thus, no probable differences in aerobic performance indicators were found in wrestlers and boxers during the cycle ergometric test. And conversely, under the conditions of power ergometric testing, we find a significant increase in their PWC170 indicators in relation to athletes of endurance sports. The opposite character of changes was observed when testing the track and field athletes and bike riders. According to the results of the conducted cycle ergometry, these athletes had a significant increase in aerobic performance indicators in comparison with the athletes of speed-power sports. However, the changes of anaerobic-aerobic performance were not significant. It was observed that the adolescents, who did not play sports, had statistically insignificant changes in PWC170 indicators both in the conditions of cycle ergometric and power ergometric testing.

Conclusions. The fact of specific influence of different types of training exercises on the body functions of adolescents was confirmed. The possibility of introducing the methods of complex use of aerobic (cycle ergometry) and anaerobic-aerobic loads (power-ergometry) into the practice of medico-biological control of young athletes is shown. Diagnostics of various types of physical working capacity (PWC170) will provide the coach with operational information about the functional state of the athletes’ body, which will allow to effectively manage a training process.
Contemporary comprehensive approaches to assessing the effectiveness of experimental model of neurodegenerative disorders with cognitive status changes
Authors: Danukalo M. V. , Kolesnyk Yu. M. , Hancheva O. V.
Published: December 2023

Aim of the study was to characterize the locomotor and cognitive aspects of the behavior of experimental rats under intracerebroventricular colchicine administration in the open field test and the 8-arm radial maze, as well as identify a set of behavioral features of experimental animals that emerged during the study.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted in two stages on 20 male Wistar rats aged 10–11 months. The first stage involved assessment of initial locomotor activity and cognitive functions in all intact rats. At the next stage, the rats were divided into two experimental groups (n = 10): the first group with intracerebroventricular injection of physiological NaCl solution, and the second group with intracerebroventricular injection of colchicine. In 14 days after the surgery, repeated recording of locomotive and cognitive activity indicators was performed.

Results. The locomotor activity characteristics did not statistically differ between the animals before the surgical procedures and the rats of the first group. However, in the second group, the activity indicators were significantly higher than in the respective pre-surgery rats. In the intergroup comparison of the rats that entered the second stage of the experiment, it was found that among all the investigated parameters, only the indicator of high activity duration was significantly higher in the second group compared to the first group. At the same time, the animals in the second group showed significant cognitive impairments compared to the first group, as indicated by significantly lower memory index values, the number of correct entries into the maze arms, and a significantly longer time to make the first correct entry into the maze arm.

Conclusions. Intracerebroventricular administration of colchicine to experimental rats is accompanied by increased locomotor activity and impairment of cognitive functions. The administration of a physiological solution is not accompanied by a statistically significant increase in locomotor activity, but it demonstrates a clear tendency to increase, which may indicate a certain influence of the procedure itself. The applied pharmacological model of neurodegeneration with subsequent comprehensive assessment of animal behavior in an open field and an 8-arm radial maze is legitimate and can be used to study the early development of neuroinflammation, neuroapoptosis, and synaptogenesis disorders in the experiment.
Preparation of Polyols and Polyurethane Foams from Olein By-Product of Tanning Industry
Authors: Rodrigues da Silva Manoel , Pessoa da Silva João Antonio , Petzhold Cesar Liberato , Cardozo Nilo Sérgio Medeiros , Gutterres Mariliz
Published: December 2023

Olein produced from the solid residues of the tanning industry is already employed as raw material to obtain greasing oil for leather. However, new applications for this product may be advantageous regarding environmental impact and sustainability of this industry. In this work, flexible polyurethane foams (FPUFs) were prepared from polyols obtained from olein. A polyol from olein was prepared through alkaline glycerolysis. The glycerolysis conditions of temperature, glycerol/olein molar ratio, amount of catalyst and reaction time were optimized using a 24 factorial design, resulting in an olein polyol containing around 75% of monoacylglycerols, hydroxyl value (388.68±0.40 mg KOH.g-1), and hydroxyl functionality of 2.89. FPUFs were prepared at NCO/OH ratios of 1.2:1 and 1.3:1, using an aliphatic hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer and water as foaming agent. The foams were characterized through FTIR, thermogravimetry, morphology, extractable materials, and mechanical properties. Characteristics urethane/urea groups formation were verified by FTIR as well as typical mass loss steps in the thermal decomposition curves. The foams morphology showed a structure composed mainly for polygon-type closed-cells. The obtained FPUFs presented a content of extractable materials lower than 3%. The mechanical properties of the foams were dependent on the NCO/OH ratio, and the foam prepared at the ratio of 1.2:1 stood out as a potential material to be used in the production of mattresses. This study demonstrated the feasibility of transforming olein, a solid residue of the tanning industry, as a precursor to prepare PU foams, which may be a promising material for mattress applications, considering the observed features.
Feasibility Assessment of the Identification of the Source of Condensed Tannins in Leathers by FTIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics
Authors: Koochzakzaei Alireza , Bidgoli Mohammadamin Sabbaghiyan , Safapour Siyamak
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of identifying the type of plant used in the tanning of leathers by cost-effective Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The investigation was performed on European horse-chestnut (fruit peel), mimosa, and quebracho and three specimens of mimosa-tanned leathers. Tannin extraction from plants was performed in an ultrasonic bath using acetone-water solvent (70%). Tannin extraction from leathers was carried out from the corium fibers using acetone-water solvent (1:1). After extraction, filtration, centrifugation, and solvent removal, the samples were subjected to FTIR spectroscopy. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering were used to identify the source of tannins based on FTIR results. In addition to FTIR spectra, their first and second derivatives were also used in statistical analyses. The obtained FTIR spectra and their derivatives and the results of PCA and hierarchical clustering showed that rich plant sources of condensed tannins can be well differentiated by spectroscopy in the fingerprint region (700-1800cm-1). The PC1-PC2 plot in the analysis of FTIR spectra and the PC2-PC3 plot in the analysis of derivatives showed the best ability to differentiate and identify the extracts. Multivariate PCA and cluster analyses performed well in identifying the type of plant used in the tanning of the studied leathers, especially when applied to the derivatives of FTIR spectra.
Impact on Potassium Persulfate on Linseed Oil Tanning
Authors: Sahu Bindia , Jayakumar Gladstone Chistopher , Madhan B. , Madhan B.
Published: December 2023

The tanned collagen is the stabilized form of skin. Tanning collagen with oil is a particular class of tanning known as chamois tanning. Chemically the oil tanning involves autoxidation of unsaturation present in the oil. This study focuses on potassium persulfate as a catalyst to accelerate the oxidation rate of unsaturated bonds in the linseed oil with an increase in water absorption capacity (586%) of oil-tanned leather. Results indicate eccentrically reduction in the duration of the chamois process from 15 to 2 days. Shrinkage temperature, tensile strength and other organoleptic properties of experimental leathers are better than the control leathers.
Improved Method for Accurate and Efficient Analysis of Chlorophenols in Leather Compared with Conventional Steam Distillation Operation Specified by ISO 1707:2015
Authors: WANG Ze-Sheng , MA He-Wei
Published: December 2023

An improved analytical method was built based on the conventional standard method ISO 17070-2015 for the determination of 19 chlorophenols in leather. This developed method involved ultrasonic assisted extraction using methanol containing formic acid, derivatization using acetic anhydride, solid-phase extraction (SPE) cleanup with silica-gel cartridge. Final analysis of the chlorophenols compounds was performed by Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Optimum conditions for sample extraction, such as time, temperature and formic acid content in methanol were studied. Satisfactory recoveries in the range of 92-105% (RSD, 2.1-7.3%) for the targets were obtained, and detection limits were in the range of 0.09-0.15 mg/kg. The developed procedure was evaluated and compared with ISO 17070-2015 which uses steam distillation for sample extraction. The method was successfully applied to determine 19 chlorophenols in series of leather samples from different origin. This study demonstrated that the ultrasonic assisted extraction, followed by acetyl derivatization and silica-gel cleanup coupled with GC-MS, can be used as an alternative to ISO 17070-2015, for detecting chlorophenols in leather.
Effect of Electrostatic Interaction between Collagen and Enzymes on Permeation of Protease into the Pelt during Leather Bating Process
Authors: Zhu Yiwen , Song Jinzhi , Zhang Xu , Gao Mengchu , Peng Biyu , Zhang Chunxiao
Published: December 2023

The enzymatic delimed pelts bating process using proteases is critical to improving the overall performance of the leather. Bating effectiveness is determined not only by the properties but also by the permeation behavior of the proteases. Imperfect methods to control protease permeation often results in uneven distribution of enzyme proteins in the pelts, leading to excessive enzymolysis of the surface layer and inadequate opening-up of the inner layer. In this study, the relative size of proteases and delimed pelts were analyzed, the permeation behavior of fluorescein-labeled proteases in the pelt was observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), and the effect of electrostatic interaction between protease and collagen proteins on the permeation of protease into the pelt was investigated. The results showed that, after dehairing, liming and deliming operations, the enzyme can easily permeate into the pelts due to the formation of large cavities and interfibrillar gaps. The permeation of protease within the delimed pelt is significantly influenced by the affinity (electrostatic interactions) between the collagen and protease proteins. The isoelectric point (pI) of the protease protein, the collagen and the pH of the solution directly influence the electrostatic properties and interactions. When the enzyme and collagen are similarly charged (electrostatic repulsion), the enzyme can easily permeate into the pelts; when the enzyme and collagen are oppositely charged (electrostatic attraction), the permeation of the enzyme into the inner layer is difficult, resulting in the accumulation of protease on the grain and excessive hydrolysis of the grain layer. Therefore, the established permeation regulation mechanism of protease based on electrostatic interactions between enzyme and collagen could serve as an important basis for the selection of protease and the regulation of the enzymatic bating process.
Bactericidal and Fungicidal Action of Copper Nanoparticles on Leather Surface
Authors: N Deepak , C Inbasekar , Nishter Nishad Fathima
Published: December 2023

Although tanning makes the collagen matrix resilient against microbial attack, the chemicals used in the finishing process are susceptible to microbes. Hence, it is imperative to develop a finishing process with inherent antimicrobial properties. Leathers with antimicrobial properties evoke a considerable array of interest in consumers. The present study aims to enhance the antimicrobial properties of the leather using copper nanoparticles in the finishing and retanning process. Copper nanoparticles have been synthesized by chemical reduction using copper sulphate pentahydrate as the precursor with dialdehyde starch and gallic acid. The prepared nanoparticles have been characterized using UV-Visible spectrometry, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray  diffraction techniques. The prepared nanoparticles have been used in both retanning and finishing processes. The experimental leather retanned using copper nanoparticles possess good mechanical strength properties and color index value compare to the control. Nanoparticles are effective against both gram negative and positive bacterial organisms. The nanoparticles also inhibit the growth of common fungus, which can colonize on leather. Thus, the current study paves the way for a novel solution that is an alternative to biocides and antimicrobial chemicals and is more effective in inhibiting microbial growth.
Introduction to the 62nd John Arthur Wilson Lecture
Authors: Webb Eric
Published: December 2023

117TH ANNUAL CONVENTION — JUNE 20 – 23, 2023
An Improved Method for Accurately Determining Total Content of Four Fungicides (TCMTB, OIT, OPP And PCMC) in Leather
Authors: LEI Xuan , MA He-Wei
Published: December 2023

Determination of total contents of four fungicides (TCMTB, OIT, OPP and PCMC) in leather is required by Ecolabels due to health risks. Thus, an improved analytical procedure based on the current Standard ISO 13365-1-2020, was investigated to accurately test the total contents of the four fungicides in leather. It was verified that the ultrasonic assisted acetonitrile extraction described in this Standard is only effective for extracting TCMTB, but inefficient for PCMC, OPP and OIT. The extraction efficiency by acetonitrile was 93% for PCMC, 95% for OPP and 89% for OIT, respectively. Methanol was proven to be an optimal alternative of acetonitrile for sample extraction and presented satisfactory extraction efficiencies (~100%) for eluting the four fungicides at a wide content range (80-470 mg/kg). The detection limits were evaluated and well satisfy the requirement by the Ecolabels. Results of HPLC chromatograms from commercial leather samples demonstrated no obvious matrix interferences from methanol extraction. Series of leather samples from different origins were analyzed. TCMTB was found in 86% and OIT in 30% of the total tested samples, which were higher in content than the allowable limits by Ecolabels.
Development of Nano Bio Aldehyde Tanning Agent for Sustainable Leather Manufacture
Authors: Arjunan Yasothai , Jayakumar Gladstone Chistopher , Subramanian Angayarkanny , Kanth Swarna V.
Published: December 2023

Exploring the application of natural biopolymers in leather manufacture is a need of the hour to achieve sustainability. The present research work explores the possibility of using modified biopolymer nanoparticles as a tanning agent. Starch, a polysaccharide with high functionalization, is converted into Nano Bio Aldehyde (NBA) through periodate oxidation as water-in-oil microemulsion method. The synthesized product was characterized by its physico-chemical nature. The prepared NBA shows an aldehyde content of 85%, which endorses its application as a tanning agent. Experimental leather trials were carried out to assess the tanning efficacy and found that NBA tanned leathers show a shrinkage temperature of 90°C. Physical characteristics of the experimental leathers were found to be 24 N/mm2 and 90 N for tensile and tear strength, respectively. The study provides a holistic understanding of modified biopolymer as a nano tanning agent to manufacture leather.
Studies on the Correlation between Surface and Sewability Properties of Crust Leather
Authors: Niklesh C. , Jayakumar G.C. , Phebe Aaron K.
Published: December 2023

The surface properties of leather are critical factors that influence the aesthetic quality of the leather. Commonly, organoleptic properties are evaluated for leathers to ascertain the bulk properties such as compactness, smoothness, softness and general grain appearance. Though these parameters are very subjective, still these properties are essential for leather product manufacture. In the current research, we discuss the correlation between the surface parameters and sewability of the leathers. In our earlier studies, we discussed the influence of syntans and fatliquors on sewability. In aligning to a similar subject, the impact of surface properties has been evaluated through contact angle measurements and correlated with the sewability properties of the leather. From the spread ability measurements, it can be inferred that the sewability properties are better towards the surface of the leather, which is more hydrophilic. This result agrees that the fatliquoringof leathers has enhanced the stitch ability; moreover, the studies provide biophysical parameter importance for qualifying leather sewability.
A Rapid Quantification of Hydroxyproline in Leather using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography - Fluorescence Detection (HPLC-FLD) Method
Authors: Narayanan Priya , Sethurajan Suresh , Vedhanayagam Mohan , Sreeram Kalarical Janardhanan
Published: December 2023

In the area of leather development research, determining collagen content through measurement of 4-Hydroxyproline (Hyp) has been major challenging task due to the interference of various leather-processing chemicals. To overcome this problem, for the first time we have used a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Fluorescence Detection (HPLC-FLD) method for accurate determination of Hyp in leather samples through chemical derivatization of Hyp with 7-chloro 4 nitro benzofuran (NBD-Cl) reagent. The HPLC-FLD analysis was performed on a PICO TAG column with an isocratic mobile phase (80 % of 0.1M, pH 7.2 sodium acetate and 20% of acetonitrile, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.7mL/min. The detection was carried out at an excitation wavelength of 465 nm and its emission at 535nm. The retention time of Hyp was found to be ~3.5 minutes and the total run time was about 10 minutes. The method validation indicated that this analytical method is precise (3-12%RSD), accurate (90-100%), the limit of detection 0.01μg/ml, the limit of quantification - 0.03 μg/ml and linear (R2 -0.9995) over the concentration range of 0.1 -2.0 μg/ml. The obtained result indicated that the assay linear range was acceptable for repeated analysis and suitable for the complete range of hydroxyproline levels present in leather samples. Compared to the traditional method (IUC 17:1980), this analytical method demonstrates higher simplicity, specificity, reproducibility, and it could be useful for certifying leather products as well as inspecting international trade in leather and hides.
Study on the Crosslinking Modification of Collagen-Based Materials by DMTMM
Authors: Wang Yingxuan , Zhang Zongcai , Zhao Qilong
Published: December 2023

In order to explore the mechanism of interaction between DMTMM and collagen-based materials, gelatin was used as a skin simulant and prepare DMTMM crosslinked modified gelatin materials. FT-IR and Zeta potential measurements were used to analyze and characterize DMTMM crosslinking modified gelatin materials; revealing the mechanism of interaction between DMTMM and collagen-based materials. Firstly, the “zero-length” crosslinking agent DMTMM activated the carboxyl groups on the collagen-based materials and promoted the formation of amide bonds between the collagen-based materials. At the same time, the hydrogen bond formed between the hydroxyl group and its active group causes zero-length crosslinking modification of collagen-based material under the joint action of these two kinds of bonding. DSC, TG, swelling properties, SEM and other analytical methods were used to test the thermal stability and microstructure of DMTMM crosslinked modified gelatin materials. It was found that DMTMM can effectively improve the stability of collagen-based materials, increase the thermal denaturation temperature and humidity and reduce the decomposition rate.
INSPIRE: Development of an Interdisciplinary Science Program in Research and Entrepreneurship
Authors: Sedighi T. , Radu T. , Ashraf Q. F. , Kumar B. , Quilates E. J. , Rahmatullah R. , Milstein J. N.
Published: December 2023

We developed the Interdisciplinary Science Program in Research and Entrepreneurship (INSPIRE) to address the changing career landscape that students with an interest in Biophysics, Physical Chemistry, and Biochemistry face. Third and fourth-year undergraduate Chemistry and Physics students participated in a 4-week, hands-on program that introduced applications of biophysical and biochemical techniques to drug discovery, while simultaneously engaging in a crash course on entrepreneurship and pharma. The principal objective of this inaugural, pilot program was to introduce undergraduate students interested in pursuing a PhD to the interdisciplinary nature of Chemistry and Physics research in the Life Sciences, while simultaneously introducing the idea of translating their future graduate work into a career in biotechnology.
Türkiye’deki Bilişsel Esneklik Konulu Makalelerin İncelenmesi: Bir Betimsel İçerik Analizi Çalışması
Authors: ORAKCI Şenol
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de 2010-2022 yılları arasında bilişsel esneklik alanında yazılan makaleleri kapsamlı ve bütüncül bir şekilde analiz etmektir. Bu çalışmada “betimsel içerik analizi yöntemi” kullanılmıştır. Veriler analiz edilirken, betimsel analiz tekniğinden faydalanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, bilişsel esneklik alanında yayınlanan makaleler genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde incelenen makalelerin; sırasıyla 2022, 2021 ve 2020 yılları arasında yoğunlaştığı görülmektedir. Makalelerin büyük çoğunluğunun eğitim bilimleri alanında yapıldığı, en fazla İngilizce dilinde yazıldığı ve en çok iki yazarlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca makalelerin nicel yöntem içerisinde en fazla tarama deseninde kurgulandığı, makalelerde en çok üniversite öğrencileri ile çalışıldığı ve makalelerin büyük bir çoğunluğunun 200 ve üzeri arasındaki örneklem grubu ile yürütüldüğü bulunmuştur. Son olarak, makalelerde en çok uygun örnekleme yönteminin kullanıldığı, nicel veri analiz yöntemlerinden en fazla betimsel istatistiklerden faydalanıldığı ve veri toplama aracı olarak çoğunlukla ölçek kullanıldığı saptanmıştır.
Apresentação do dossiê
Authors: Brandão Milena de Mesquita , Spricigo Fabrício
Published: December 2023

A curricularização da extensão é um tema relevante e atual no contexto da educação superior brasileira. A partir da Lei nº 13.005/2014, que estabelece o Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE), reforça-se a extensão como um dos compromissos primordiais e função precípua das instituições de ensino superior e de educação profissional e tecnológica, juntamente com o ensino e a pesquisa. Nesse sentido, a curricularização da extensão surge como uma estratégia para integrar as atividades de extensão ao currículo dos cursos de graduação, contribuindo para a formação de profissionais mais críticos e comprometidos com a realidade social. Nesse contexto, o presente dossiê tem como objetivo discutir a curricularização da extensão e sua relação com os diferentes cursos de graduação (licenciaturas, tecnólogos e bacharelados), considerando as especificidades, desafios e possibilidades no processo de organização e implementação no âmbito dos cursos. Além disso, reuni textos que apresentem reflexões teórico-práticas sobre o tema, bem como relatos de experiências que envolvem a curricularização da extensão, suas estratégias de creditação curricular, interação dialógica e de participação dos estudantes nas atividades de extensão.
Role of artificial intelligence in the characterization of indeterminate pancreatic head mass and its usefulness in preoperative diagnosis
Authors: Rawlani Palash , Ghosh Nalini Kanta , Kumar Ashok
Published: December 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been used in various fields of day-to-day life and its role in medicine is immense. Understanding of oncology has been improved with the introduction of AI which helps in diagnosis, treatment planning, management, prognosis, and follow-up. It also helps to identify high-risk groups who can be subjected to timely screening for early detection of malignant conditions. It is more important in pancreatic cancer as it is one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide and there are no specific early features (clinical and radiological) for diagnosis. With improvement in imaging modalities (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, endoscopic ultrasound), most often clinicians were being challenged with lesions that were difficult to diagnose with human competence. AI has been used in various other branches of medicine to differentiate such indeterminate lesions including the thyroid gland, breast, lungs, liver, adrenal gland, kidney, etc. In the case of pancreatic cancer, the role of AI has been explored and is still ongoing. This review article will focus on how AI can be used to diagnose pancreatic cancer early or differentiate it from benign pancreatic lesions, therefore, management can be planned at an earlier stage.
Informatization of the Social Security Area and Fundamental Rights in the Intelligent Information Society: Analysis of the Dutch ‘SyRI’ Judgment
Authors:   Korean Constitutional Law Asscciation, Hong Seokhan
Published: December 2023

In the field of social security, the transition to the ‘Digital Welfare States’ is accelerating as we detect fraud, and discover welfare blind spots using intelligent information technology. However, this can increase concerns about privacy protection and the advent of a surveillance society, and fixation of prejudice. The balance between innovation using new technologies and protection of fundamental rights is raised as an important task. In relation to these issues, this paper analyzes the Hague District Court’s case on the System Risk Indication (SyRI) to examine the impact of informatization in the social security area on the guarantee of basic rights and the implications to South Korea related to the direction of normative response to it.
SyRI is a legal instrument used by the Dutch government to detect various forms of fraud, including social benefits, allowances, and taxes fraud. The court has ruled that the legislation regulating the use of SyRI does not comply with Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), which protects the right to respect for private and family life, home and correspondence. The court has decided that the legislation does not strike a fair balance, as required under the ECHR, which would warrant a sufficiently justified violation of private life. In that respect, the application of SyRI is insufficiently transparent and verifiable.
The SyRI case has an important meaning for many countries pursuing a digital welfare state in that it warned of such dangers regarding the digitalization of welfare, which has been promoted with only the convenience and efficiency of social security administration. Even if it is need to use intelligent information technology for a legitimate purpose, it can cause various risks and side effects, so we must first establish a legal basis through sufficient social discussion and agreement. In addition, rather than obsessing over efficiency and administrative convenience, it is necessary to think about fundamental measures to solve the problems of fraud and blind spots in the social security field, and focus on using technology for this purpose. Also, the legislation should accommodate enhanced transparency regarding risk models and algorithms, provision of information to the data subjects, objective evaluation procedures for the need for data processing and the adequacy of the process, and data protection impact assessment. Through this, it will be possible to prevent damage to constitutional values such as human autonomy, the right to self-determination of personal information, the privacy or the right to respect for private life, and equality, and to minimize restrictions on fundamental rights.
V Міжнародна студентська наукова конференція «ДІДЖИТАЛІЗАЦІЯ НАУКИ ЯК ВИКЛИК СЬОГОДЕННЯ»
Authors:   Молодіжна наукова ліга
Published: December 2023

Викладено матеріали учасників V Міжнародної мультидисциплінарної студентської наукової конференції «Діджиталізація науки як виклик сьогодення», яка відбулася 8 грудня 2023 року у місті Суми, Україна.
A New Construction Method for Keystream Generators
Authors: Gül Çağdaş , Kara Orhun
Published: December 2023

We introduce a new construction method of diffusion layers for Substitution Permutation Network (SPN) structures along with its security proofs. The new method can be used in block ciphers, stream ciphers, hash functions, and sponge constructions. Moreover, we define a new stream cipher mode of operation through a fixed pseudorandom permutation and provide its security proofs in the indistinguishability model. We refer to a stream cipher as a Small Internal State Stream (SISS) cipher if its internal state size is less than twice its key size. There are not many studies about how to design and analyze SISS ciphers due to the criterion on the internal state sizes, resulting from the classical tradeoff attacks. We utilize our new mode and diffusion layer construction to design an SISS cipher having two versions, which we call DIZY. We further provide security analyses and hardware implementations  of DIZY. In terms of area cost, power, and energy consumption, the hardware performance is among the best when compared to some prominent stream ciphers, especially for frame-based encryptions that need frequent initialization. Unlike recent SISS ciphers such as Sprout, Plantlet, LILLE, and Fruit; DIZY does not have a keyed update function, enabling efficient key changing. 
Operational Renaissance: Harnessing AI for Enhanced Business Efficacy
Authors: Ekellem Elizabeth Ango Fomuso
Published: December 2023

“Operational Renaissance: Harnessing AI for Enhanced Business
Efficacy” is a detailed exploration of Artificial Intelligence’s (AI)
transformative impact on business operations. It particularly focuses on
three domains: Supply Chain Management, Fraud Detection, and the
Human-AI workforce relationship. The paper presents a thorough analysis
of how AI is revolutionizing supply chain logistics, enhancing fraud
detection methods, and reshaping the dynamics between humans and AI in
the workplace. It emphasizes AI’s role in predictive analytics,
real-time monitoring, and collaborative robotics, showcasing the
technology as a pivotal element in modern business strategy and
operations.
ASSESSMENT OF THE STABILITY OF FERTILITY OF AGRO-GRAY SOIL BY METHODS OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Ушаков Р.Н. , Ручкина А.В. , Бобраков Ф.Ю.
Published: December 2023

Проблема и цель. Для понимания сложности плодородия почв и его управления можно использовать методы многомерного статистического анализа. Цель исследований – оценка устойчивости плодородия и ее оптимизация с помощью кластерного анализа (КА) и метода главных компонент. Они позволяют представить всю совокупность почвенных свойств как один фактор. Методология. Работа выполнена по материалам агрохимического обследования на агросерых почвах. Отдельнообрабатываемые участки делились на элементарные участки площадью 5-8 га (на пашне). С каждого элементарного участка отбирался один смешанный почвенный образец, который состоял из 20-45 индивидуальных проб. Объем проанализированной выборки составил 224 образца. Учеты, наблюдения и анализы проводились по общепринятым методикам. Результаты. Установлено, что оптимальные параметры плодородия агросерой почвы достигались при рНkcl– 5,5–5,6 ед., Нг – 1,7–1,9 мг-экв/100 г, Р2О5 – 225-240 мг/кг, К2О – 158–192 мг/кг, гумусе – 3,0-3,4 %, Мg 2+ – 4,4-6,0 мгэкв/100 г, V – 90-91%. Заключение. Предложена поэтапная корректировка группировки бонитета, сначала выполненная на основе медианы, затем методами многомерного статистического анализа, при которых были достигнуты достоверная классификация вовлеченных в оценку агрохимических почвенных свойств и одинаковый по весу их вклад в дискриминацию.

Problem and purpose. Multivariate statistical analysis techniques can be used to understand the complexity of soil fertility and its management. The purpose of the research is to assess the stability of fertility and its optimization using cluster analysis (CA) and the principal component method. They make it possible to present the entire set of soil properties as one factor. Methodology. The work was carried out based on materials from an agrochemical survey on agro-gray soils. Separately cultivated plots were divided into elementary plots with an area of 5-8 hectares (on arable land). One mixed soil sample was taken from each elementary plot, which consisted of 20-45 individual samples. The volume of the analyzed sample was 224 samples. Accounts, observations and analyzes were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Results. It was established that the optimal fertility parameters of agro-gray soil were achieved at pHkcl – 5.5–5.6 units, Hg – 1.7–1.9 mEq/100 g, P2O5 – 225-240 mg/kg, K2O – 158 –192 mg/kg, humus – 3.0-3.4%, Mg2+ – 4.4-6.0 mEq/100 g, V – 90-91%. Conclusion. A step-by-step adjustment of the quality grouping is proposed, first performed on the basis of the median, then by methods of multivariate statistical analysis, in which a reliable classification of the agrochemical soil properties involved in the assessment and an equal weight of their contribution to discrimination were achieved.
DESIGN FEATURES OF MULTICOPTER SPRAYERS
Authors: Толочко Н.К. , Романюк Н.Н. , Еднач В.Н. , Виноградов Д.В. , Сазонкин К.Д.
Published: December 2023

Проблема и цель. Существующие технические новшества в области беспилотных летательных аппаратов (БПЛА) постепенно внедряются, а для некоторых агротехнических операций уже используются в современном сельскохозяйственном цикле выращивания растений. Дроны – новый вид агрегатов для мониторинга и обработок полей, однако из-за низкой разработанности вопроса их широкого применения необходимо проводить исследования по улучшению их конструкции и расширению области применения. Целью исследований являлось рассмотрение проблемы проектирования мультикоптеров-опрыскивателей с учетом возможности их изготовления посредством аддитивных технологий с упором на повышение грузоподъемности мультикоптеров. Методология. Исследования были проведены в Белорусском государственном аграрном техническом университете с помощью расчетного метода. Результаты. Результаты исследований показывают, что при изготовлении деталей мультикоптеров-опрыскивателей посредством аддитивных технологий возможно выпускать широкий спектр разноразмерных моделей, в зависимости от области использования. Заключение. В результате исследования были установлены технические моменты, корректируя которые на этапе производства мультикоптеров с помощью аддитивных технологий, возможно производить специализированные БПЛА.

Problem and purpose. The existing technical innovations in the field of unmanned aerial vehicles are gradually being introduced, and for some agrotechnical operations are already being used in the modern agricultural cycle of growing plants. Drones are a new type of equipment for monitoring and post-treatment, however, due to the low development of the issue of their widespread use, it is necessary to conduct various studies to improve their design and expand their scope. The aim of the research was to consider the problems of designing multicopter sprayers, taking into account the possibility of their manufacture using additive technologies, with an emphasis on increasing the carrying capacity of multicopters. Methodology. The studies were carried out at the Belarusian State Agrarian Technical University using the calculation method. Results. The research results show that when manufacturing parts for multicopter sprayers using additive technologies, it is possible to produce a wide range of different-sized models, depending on the area of use. Conclusion. As a result of the study, technical points were established, correcting which at the stage of production of multicopters using additive technologies, it is possible to produce specialized UAVs.
The Relationship of Application Diverse Food Consumtion to Nutritional Status Student at MTs Al Hidayah Jenu Tuban
Authors: Syafriana Hafsah Amalia Fajar , Buanasita Annas , Pengge Nuning Marina , Nugroho Riezky Faisal
Published: December 2023

Adolescents are a vulnerable age group who are faced with nutritional problems, both undernutrition and over nutrition. One of the several prevention efforts that can be implemented to deal with this nutritional problem is by consuming a variety of foods. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the application of diverse food consumption and the nutritional status of students at MTs Al Hidayah Jenu Tuban. This type of observational analytic research uses a cross sectional approach, the number of samples is 50 respondents, the sampling technique uses proportional random sampling, the research time is October 2021 - January 2022 and statistical tests use the chi square test. Application of diverse food consumption that falls into the appropriate category (66%) and good nutritional status (66%). The statistical test results showed that there was a relationship between the application of various food consumption and nutritional status (p=0.000). There is a relationship between the application of the consumption of a variety of foods to nutritional status, so it is expected to be able to apply the consumption of a variety of foods in daily life in accordance with recommended portions.
Documentation of science and technology heritage: a collaboration case between the Federal University of Pará and the Evandro Chagas Institute Museum
Authors: Lima Jéssica , Silva Giselle
Published: December 2023

It is nearly impossible to consider the management of cultural spaces without contemplating the potential implementation of informational benefits. The feasibility study and implementation of Tainacan is a solution adopted in the museum field by the Brazilian Institute of Museums, and using it allows the interoperability of museum information throughout the national cultural system. The objective is to report the adversities and institutional solutions experienced in order to present museological documentation solutions for scientific collections within the scope of the heritage of science and technology. The methodology used to achieve the objective was the implementation of the extension project Organization and Management of Museological Documentation of the collections present in the Museum of the Instituto Evandro Chagas. This creates a laboratory of museological documental practices based on research to support the organization and representation of information of the Evandro Chagas Institute's museological collection, also allowing semantic conceptual modeling according to international standards for digital collections. This university extension action provides a unique and essential professional experience for students and opportunities for the dissemination of the profession and the Museology Course at the Universidade Federal do Pará through the work carried out.

KEYWORDS: Museum Documentation; University Extension; Heritage of Science and Technology