bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Total isostatic response to the complete unloading of the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets
Authors: Paxman Guy J. G. , Austermann Jacqueline , Hollyday Andrew
Published: July 2022

The land surface beneath the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets is isostatically suppressed by the mass of the overlying ice. Accurate computation of the land elevation in the absence of ice is important when considering, for example, regional geodynamics, geomorphology, and ice sheet behaviour. Here, we use contemporary compilations of ice thickness and lithospheric effective elastic thickness to calculate the fully re-equilibrated isostatic response of the solid Earth to the complete removal of the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets. We use an elastic plate flexure model to compute the isostatic response to the unloading of the modern ice sheet loads, and a self-gravitating viscoelastic Earth model to make an adjustment for the remaining isostatic disequilibrium driven by ice mass loss since the Last Glacial Maximum. Feedbacks arising from water loading in areas situated below sea level after ice sheet removal are also taken into account. In addition, we quantify the uncertainties in the total isostatic response associated with a range of elastic and viscoelastic Earth properties. We find that the maximum change in bed elevation following full re-equilibration occurs over the centre of the landmasses and is +783 m in Greenland and +936 m in Antarctica. By contrast, areas around the ice margins experience up to 123 m of lowering due to a combination of sea level rise, peripheral bulge collapse, and water loading. The computed isostatic response fields are openly accessible and have a number of applications for studying regional geodynamics, landscape evolution, cryosphere dynamics, and relative sea level change.
Resilience to suicidal behavior in young adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Han Jin , Wong Iana , Christensen Helen , Batterham Philip J.
Published: July 2022

Despite decades of research on suicide risk factors in young people, there has been no significant improvement in our understanding of this phenomenon. This study adopts a positive deviance approach to identify individuals with suicide resilience and to describe their associated psychological and sociodemographic profiles. Australian young adults aged 18–25 years with suicidal thoughts (N = 557) completed an online survey covering sociodemographic, mental health status, emotion regulatory and suicide-related domains. Latent class analysis was used to identify the individuals with suicide resilience. The predictors of suicide resilience were assessed using logistic regression models. The results suggested that one in ten (n = 55) met the criteria for suicide resilience. Factors that had a significant association with suicide resilience included greater cognitive flexibility, greater self-efficacy in expressing positive affect, reduced use of digital technology and less self-harm and substance use as a response to emotional distress. This study identified the factors that may protect young adults with suicidal thoughts from progressing to suicide attempts. Suicide prevention programs might be optimised by shifting from a deficit-based to a strength-based approach through promoting cognitive flexibility, self-efficacy and reducing maladaptive coping.
Baseline predictors of in-hospital mortality after acute traumatic spinal cord injury: data from a level I trauma center
Authors: Blex Christian , Kreutzträger Martin , Ludwig Johanna , Nowak Claus Peter , Schwab Jan M. , Lübstorf Tom , Ekkernkamp Axel , Kopp Marcel A. , Liebscher Thomas
Published: July 2022

Comorbidity scores are important predictors of in-hospital mortality after traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI), but the impact of specific pre-existing diseases is unknown. This retrospective cohort study aims at identifying relevant comorbidities and explores the influence of end-of-life decisions. In-hospital mortality of all patients admitted to the study center after acute tSCI from 2011 to 2017 was assessed. A conditional inference tree analysis including baseline data, injury characteristics, and Charlson Comorbidity Index items was used to identify crucial predictors. End-of-life decisions were recorded. Three-hundred-twenty-one patients were consecutively enrolled. The median length of stay was 95.7 days (IQR 56.8–156.0). During inpatient care, 20 patients (6.2%) died. These patients were older (median: 79.0 (IQR 74.7–83.2) vs. 55.5 (IQR 41.4–72.3) years) and had a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index score (median: 4.0 (IQR 1.75–5.50) vs. 0.0 (IQR 0.00–1.00)) compared to survivors. Pre-existing kidney or liver disease were identified as relevant predictors of in-hospital mortality. End-of-life decisions were observed in 14 (70.0%) cases. The identified impairment of kidney and liver, important for drug metabolism and elimination, points to the need of careful decisions on pharmaceutical treatment regimens after tSCI. Appropriate reporting of end-of-life decisions is required for upcoming studies.
Risk factors for metabolic syndrome in individuals with recent-onset psychosis at disease onset and after 1-year follow-up
Authors: Alonso Yolanda , Miralles Carmen , Algora M. José , Valiente-Pallejà Alba , Sánchez-Gistau Vanessa , Muntané Gerard , Labad Javier , Vilella Elisabet , Martorell Lourdes
Published: July 2022

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of parameters encompassing the most dangerous heart attack risk factors, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. It is highly prevalent in recent-onset psychosis (ROP) patients. In this pilot study, we evaluated MetS parameters (fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-c), fasting triglycerides, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure), clinical symptoms, pharmacological treatment, lifestyle, and inflammatory markers in 69 patients with ROP and 61 healthy controls (HCs). At baseline, waist circumference (p = 0.005) and fasting triglycerides (p = 0.007) were higher in patients with ROP than in HCs. At the 1-year follow-up, patients showed clinical improvement, with a reduction in the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) score (p < 0.001), dietary intake (p = 0.001), and antipsychotic medication dose (p < 0.001); however, fasting glucose (p = 0.011), HDL-c (p = 0.013) and waist circumference worsened (p < 0.001). We identified sex, age, BMI, dietary intake, physical activity, daily tobacco use, daily cannabis use, and antipsychotic doses as risk factors contributing to baseline MetS parameters. After 1-year follow-up, those factors plus the PANSS and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) scores were associated with MetS parameters. Further studies are needed to understand the contributions of the studied risk factors in patients with ROP at onset and during disease progression.
p63 silencing induces epigenetic modulation to enhance human cardiac fibroblast to cardiomyocyte-like differentiation
Authors: Pinnamaneni Jaya Pratap , Singh Vivek P. , Kim Mary B. , Ryan Christopher T. , Pugazenthi Aarthi , Sanagasetti Deepthi , Mathison Megumi , Yang Jianchang , Rosengart Todd K.
Published: July 2022

Direct cell reprogramming represents a promising new myocardial regeneration strategy involving in situ transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocytes. Adult human cells are relatively resistant to reprogramming, however, likely because of epigenetic restraints on reprogramming gene activation. We hypothesized that modulation of the epigenetic regulator gene p63 could improve the efficiency of human cell cardio-differentiation. qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated significantly increased expression of a panel of cardiomyocyte marker genes in neonatal rat and adult rat and human cardiac fibroblasts treated with p63 shRNA (shp63) and the cardio-differentiation factors Hand2/Myocardin (H/M) versus treatment with Gata4, Mef2c and Tbx5 (GMT) with or without shp63 (p < 0.001). FACS analysis demonstrated that shp63+ H/M treatment of human cardiac fibroblasts significantly increased the percentage of cells expressing the cardiomyocyte marker cTnT compared to GMT treatment with or without shp63 (14.8% ± 1.4% versus 4.3% ± 1.1% and 3.1% ± 0.98%, respectively; p < 0.001). We further demonstrated that overexpression of the p63—transactivation inhibitory domain (TID) interferes with the physical interaction of p63 with the epigenetic regulator HDAC1 and that human cardiac fibroblasts treated with p63-TID+ H/M demonstrate increased cardiomyocyte marker gene expression compared to cells treated with shp63+ H/M (p < 0.05). Whereas human cardiac fibroblasts treated with GMT alone failed to contract in co-culture experiments, human cardiac fibroblasts treated with shp63+ HM or p63-TID+ H/M demonstrated calcium transients upon electrical stimulation and contractility synchronous with surrounding neonatal cardiomyocytes. These findings demonstrate that p63 silencing provides enhanced rat and human cardiac fibroblast transdifferentiation into induced cardiomyocytes compared to a standard reprogramming strategy. p63-TID overexpression may be a useful reprogramming strategy for overcoming epigenetic barriers to human fibroblast cardio-differentiation.
Associations of cognitive dysfunction with motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with de novo Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Kwon Kyum-Yil , Park Suyeon , Kim Rae On , Lee Eun Ji , Lee Mina
Published: July 2022

The risk factors of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients with de novo Parkinson’s disease (PD) remain unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare motor and non-motor symptoms between de novo patients with PD with and without MCI. Moreover, detailed relationships between each cognitive deficit and other clinical characteristics in de novo patients with PD were investigated. Consecutive patients with de novo PD were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Motor symptoms were assessed using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part-III and the Hoehn and Yahr (HY) stage. Non-motor symptoms including depression, anxiety, fatigue, and autonomic dysfunction were measured using representative questionnaires. Motor symptoms, depression, and dysautonomia were associated with MCI in de novo patients with PD. Compared with the non-MCI group with PD, the MCI group with PD had higher scores of UPDRS-III, HY stage, depression, and dysautonomia, but not fatigue or anxiety. Both UPDRS-III and HY stage were significantly linked to all cognitive deficits except attention. Logistic regression analysis showed that depression was associated with memory, visuospatial, and executive impairment, and dysautonomia was related to visuospatial and executive impairment. The results of this study suggest that cognitive impairment in PD might have a different relationship pattern to the motor and some non-motor symptoms.
Recurrent neural network based high-precision position compensation control of magnetic levitation system
Authors: Huang Zhiwen , Zhu Jianmin , Shao Jiajie , Wei Zhouxiang , Tang Jiawei
Published: July 2022

For improving the dynamic quality and steady-state performance, the hybrid controller based on recurrent neural network (RNN) is designed to implement the position control of the magnetic levitation ball system in this study. This hybrid controller consists of a baseline controller, an RNN identifier, and an RNN controller. In the hybrid controller, the baseline controller based on the control law of proportional-integral-derivative is firstly employed to provide the online learning sample and maintain the system stability at the early control phase. Then, the RNN identifier is trained online to learn the accurate inverse model of the controlled object. Next, the RNN controller shared the same structures and parameters with the RNN identifier is applied to add the precise compensation control quantity in real-time. Finally, the effectiveness and advancement of the proposed hybrid control strategy are comprehensively validated by the simulation and experimental tests of tracking step, square, sinusoidal, and trapezoidal signals. The results indicate that the RNN-based hybrid controller can obtain higher precision and faster adjustment than the comparison controllers and has strong anti-interference ability and robustness.
Safety and tolerability of intravitreal cetuximab in young and adult rabbits
Authors: Bikbov Mukharram M. , Kazakbaeva Gyulli M. , Panda-Jonas Songhomitra , Khakimov Dinar A. , Gilemzianova Leisan I. , Miniazeva Liana A. , Tuliakova Azaliia M. , Fakhretdinova Albina A. , Kazakbaev Renat A. , Nuriev Ildar F. , Jonas Jost B.
Published: July 2022

To assess safety and tolerability of intraocularly applied cetuximab as epidermal growth factor receptor antibody, we conducted the experimental study which consisted of groups of adult rabbits (body weight: 2.4 kg) and young rabbits (body weight: 1.6 kg). All animals received three intravitreal injections of 0.5 mg cetuximab (Erbitux) (0.10 mL; 5 mg cetuximab/mL) into their right eyes in 4-week intervals, while the contralateral eyes received intravitreal injections of Ringer's solution. All animals underwent regular ophthalmological examinations at baseline and two-week intervals. Four weeks after the last injection, the animals were sacrificed, and the eyes were enucleated, fixed and examined by light microscopy. The study included 10 adult rabbits (age: 18 weeks; range: 17–19 weeks) and 8 young rabbits (age: 8 weeks; range: 7–10 weeks). Biometric measurements of axial length, anterior chamber depth and lens thickness and intraocular pressure readings did not differ significantly (all P > 0.05, Bonferroni corrected) between the right (study) eyes and the left (control) eyes, neither in the young nor in the adult rabbit group. Signs of intraocular inflammation or fundus peculiarities were not detected. Thickness of the outer nuclear layer, inner nuclear layer, combined outer and inner nuclear layer and outer plexiform layer, and total retina, measured at the posterior pole, posterior pole/equator midpoint, equator, and ora serrata region, did not vary significantly between study eyes and control eyes (all P > 0.05, Bonferroni corrected). The results suggest that repeated intravitreal application of cetuximab did not result in any detected intraocular toxic or destructive effect in young and adult rabbits, concurring with the notion of an intraocular tolerability of cetuximab.
Rickettsia helvetica infection is associated with microbiome modulation in Ixodes ricinus collected from humans in Serbia
Authors: Maitre Apolline , Wu-Chuang Alejandra , Mateos-Hernández Lourdes , Foucault-Simonin Angélique , Moutailler Sara , Paoli Jean-Christophe , Falchi Alessandra , Díaz-Sánchez Adrian A. , Banović Pavle , Obregón Dasiel , Cabezas-Cruz Alejandro
Published: July 2022

Rickettsia helvetica is an emerging pathogen of the Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia (SFGR) causing spotted fever diseases in various European countries. This tick-borne pathogen replicates in tick tissues such as the midgut and salivary gland, but its potential interactions with the vector microbiota is poorly characterized. The vector microbiome plays a pivotal role in tick-pathogen interactions, and some microbiota members facilitate or impede tick-borne pathogen infection. Manipulations of the tick microbiome have led to reduction in pathogen colonization in the tick vector. However, translating these findings into disease control applications requires a thorough characterization of vector microbiota response to different pathogens. In this study, we analyzed and compared the microbiota of Ixodes ricinus ticks attached on humans and collected in Serbia. Ticks were either infected with R. helvetica, or uninfected with major tick-borne pathogens (referred hereafter as ‘pathogen-free’). We used microbial co-occurrence network analysis to determine keystone taxa of each set of samples, and to study the interaction patterns of the microbial communities in response to pathogen infection. The inferred functional profiles of the tick microbiome in R. helvetica-positive and pathogen-free samples were also compared. Our results show that R. helvetica infection reduces significantly the diversity of the microbiota and the connectivity of the co-occurrence network. In addition, using co-occurrence network we identified bacterial taxa (i.e., Enterobacteriaceae, Comamonadaceae, and Bacillus) that were negatively associated with ‘Rickettsia’ in R. helvetica-infected ticks, suggesting competition between R. helvetica and some members of the tick microbiota. The reconstruction of microbial metabolic pathways shows that the presence of R. helvetica might have a major impact on the metabolic functions of the tick microbiome. These results can inform novel interventions for the prevention of R. helvetica, or other SFGR infections in humans.
The qualitative analysis of the nexus dynamics in the Pekalongan coastal area, Indonesia
Authors: Khairulbahri Muhamad
Published: July 2022

Several studies investigated the dynamics of coastal areas, investigating some issues such as sea-level rise, floods, and water scarcity. Despite existing studies discussing coastal areas, there are limited studies investigating Asian coastal areas and their proposed solutions may not overcome extreme events. This study investigates the dynamics of the Pekalongan coastal area, Central Java, Indonesia. Despite efforts such as the development of dikes and groundwater pumping, people in Pekalongan have currently experienced more frequent floods and land subsidence that have led to larger inundated areas and people migration. Using the system archetypes, this study shows that the coastal area consists of renowned nexus elements (water, land, and food) and less recognized nexus elements (health and wellbeing). This means that changes in one nexus element may threaten other nexus elements, exacerbating problems in the observed system. For instance, unsustainable nexus actions such as overexploited groundwater tend to increase flooded areas, threatening people health, and inducing people migration. The system archetypes also show that the coastal area consists of Limits to Growth structures. As such, growth engines such as land-use change and groundwater pumping should be managed or restricted properly. Managing growth engines can prevent us from natural disasters such as floods and water scarcity. Likewise, as the system archetypes describe generic patterns and solutions, some findings of this study can be useful for the other coastal areas.
An intersectional approach to identifying factors associated with anxiety and depression following the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Seens Hoda , Lu Ze , Fraser James , MacDermid Joy C. , Walton David M. , Grewal Ruby
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic is impacting mental health, with some populations bearing a greater burden. In this cross-sectional online study, we examined the personal and intersectional factors associated with increased symptoms of anxiety and depression following the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed pre- and post-pandemic levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scales, respectively. The study included 1847 participants, with an age range of 18 to 79 years and representing 43 countries. Variables with significance (p < 0.05) in predicting post-pandemic GAD-2 and PHQ-9 scores were pre-pandemic scores on the same scales, an interaction between increasing age and non-man gender, and an interaction between non-man gender and having children. Health practitioners, psychiatrists, and policy makers need to be aware and respond to the mental health burden of the pandemic on women and other gendered individuals, especially those who care for children.
Two-dimensional B$$_2$$C as a potential anode material for Mg-ion batteries with extremely high theoretical capacity
Authors: Kasprzak Grzegorz T. , Durajski Artur P.
Published: July 2022

The development of new high-capacity anode materials using ions other than lithium as a charge carrier is one of the essential strategies in searching for next-generation high-performance rechargeable batteries. Herein, using first-principles computations, we explore a B$$_2$$

2

C monolayer as a potential anode material for Mg-ion batteries. The high stability of the free-standing B$$_2$$

2

C monolayer has been demonstrated via calculating the adsorption energy, phonon dispersion, and ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations. The metallic character of the B$$_2$$

2

C monolayer, desirable from the point of view of energy storage, ensures good electronic conductivity during the battery charge/discharge process. The calculated migration energy barrier, open-circuit voltage, and theoretical specific capacity of the B$$_2$$

2

C monolayer are much better than those of some other two-dimensional materials. These findings provide the B$$_2$$

2

C monolayer as a potential candidate for Mg-ion battery anode material with a high theoretical specific capacity of 3187.55 mAh/g.
Application of multiplex amplicon deep-sequencing (MAD-seq) to screen for putative drug resistance markers in the Necator americanus isotype-1 β-tubulin gene
Authors: George Santosh , Suwondo Peter , Akorli Jewelna , Otchere Joseph , Harrison Lisa M. , Bilguvar Kaya , Knight James R. , Humphries Debbie , Wilson Michael D. , Caccone Adalgisa , Cappello Michael
Published: July 2022

Global control of hookworm infections relies on periodic Mass Drug Administration of benzimidazole drugs to high-risk groups, regardless of infection status. Mutations in the isotype-1 β-tubulin gene have been identified in veterinary nematodes, resulting in structural changes and reduced drug-binding. In Ghana, previous studies have demonstrated significant variability in albendazole effectiveness among people infected with the hookworm Necator americanus, although the mechanisms underlying deworming response have not been defined. Using hookworm egg samples from a cross-sectional study in Ghana, we developed a multiplex amplicon deep sequencing (MAD-seq) method to screen genomic regions encapsulating putative drug-resistance markers in N. americanus isotype-1 β-tubulin gene. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) corresponding to resistance-associated mutations (F167Y, E198A, F200Y) within the coding region of the isotype-1 β-tubulin gene were characterized using MAD-seq in 30 matched pre- and post-treatment samples from individuals with persistent infection following therapy. Post-sequence analysis showed that the highest mean alternative nucleotide allele at each PCR amplicon was 0.034% (167amplicon) and 0.025% (198/200amplicon), suggesting minimal allelic variation. No samples contained the F167Y SNP, while one contained low-frequency reads associated with E198A (3.15%) and F200Y (3.13%). This MAD-seq method provides a highly sensitive tool to monitor the three putative benzimidazole resistance markers at individual and community levels. Further work is required to understand the association of these polymorphisms to treatment response.
Double gate operation of metal nanodot array based single electron device
Authors: Gyakushi Takayuki , Amano Ikuma , Tsurumaki-Fukuchi Atsushi , Arita Masashi , Takahashi Yasuo
Published: July 2022

Multidot single-electron devices (SEDs) can enable new types of computing technologies, such as those that are reconfigurable and reservoir-computing. A self-assembled metal nanodot array film that is attached to multiple gates is a candidate for use in such SEDs for achieving high functionality. However, the single-electron properties of such a film have not yet been investigated in conjunction with optimally controlled multiple gates because of the structural complexity of incorporating many nanodots. In this study, Fe nanodot-array-based double-gate SEDs were fabricated by vacuum deposition, and their single-electron properties (modulated by the top- and bottom-gate voltages; VT and VB, respectively) were investigated. The phase of the Coulomb blockade oscillation systematically shifted with VT, indicating that the charge state of the single dot was controlled by both the gate voltages despite the metallic random multidot structure. This result demonstrates that the Coulomb blockade oscillation (originating from the dot in the multidot array) can be modulated by the two gates. The top and bottom gates affected the electronic state of the dot unevenly owing to the geometrical effect caused by the following: (1) vertically asymmetric dot shape and (2) variation of the dot size (including the surrounding dots). This is a characteristic feature of a nanodot array that uses self-assembled metal dots; for example, prepared by vacuum deposition. Such variations derived from a randomly distributed nanodot array will be useful in enhancing the functionality of multidot devices.
Blood pressure measurement using only a smartphone
Authors: Frey Lorenz , Menon Carlo , Elgendi Mohamed
Published: July 2022

Hypertension is an immense challenge in public health. As one of the most prevalent medical conditions worldwide, it is a major cause of premature death. At present, the detection, diagnosis and monitoring of hypertension are subject to several limitations. In this review, we conducted a literature search on blood pressure measurement using only a smartphone, which has the potential to overcome current limitations and thus pave the way for long-term ambulatory blood pressure monitoring on a large scale. Among the 333 articles identified, we included 25 relevant articles over the past decade (November 2011–November 2021) and analyzed the described approaches to the types of underlying data recorded with smartphone sensors, the signal processing techniques applied to construct the desired signals, the features extracted from the constructed signals, and the algorithms used to estimate blood pressure. In addition, we analyzed the validation of the proposed methods against reference blood pressure measurements. We further examined and compared the effectiveness of the proposed approaches. Among the 25 articles, 23 propose an approach that requires direct contact between the sensor and the subject and two articles propose a contactless approach based on facial videos. The sample sizes in the identified articles range from three to 3000 subjects, where 8 articles used sample sizes of 85 or more subjects. Furthermore, 10 articles include hypertensive subjects in their participant pools. The methodologies applied for the evaluation of blood pressure measurement accuracy vary considerably among the analyzed articles. There is no consistency regarding the methods for blood pressure data collection and the reference blood pressure measurement and validation. Moreover, no established protocol is currently available for the validation of blood pressure measuring technologies using only a smartphone. We conclude the review with a discussion of the results and with recommendations for future research on the topic.
A panel of nanobodies recognizing conserved hidden clefts of all SARS-CoV-2 spike variants including Omicron
Authors: Maeda Ryota , Fujita Junso , Konishi Yoshinobu , Kazuma Yasuhiro , Yamazaki Hiroyuki , Anzai Itsuki , Watanabe Tokiko , Yamaguchi Keishi , Kasai Kazuki , Nagata Kayoko , Yamaoka Yutaro , Miyakawa Kei , Ryo Akihide , Shirakawa Kotaro , Sato Kei , Makino Fumiaki , Matsuura Yoshiharu , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Imura Akihiro , Namba Keiichi , Takaori-Kondo Akifumi
Published: July 2022

We are amid the historic coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Imbalances in the accessibility of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics among countries, regions, and populations, and those in war crises, have been problematic. Nanobodies are small, stable, customizable, and inexpensive to produce. Herein, we present a panel of nanobodies that can detect the spike proteins of five SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) including Omicron. Here we show via ELISA, lateral flow, kinetic, flow cytometric, microscopy, and Western blotting assays that our nanobodies can quantify the spike variants. This panel of nanobodies broadly neutralizes viral infection caused by pseudotyped and authentic SARS-CoV-2 VOCs. Structural analyses show that the P86 clone targets epitopes that are conserved yet unclassified on the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and contacts the N-terminal domain (NTD). Human antibodies rarely access both regions; consequently, the clone buries hidden crevasses of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins that go undetected by conventional antibodies.
Quantitative spatiotemporal mapping of thermal runaway propagation rates in lithium-ion cells using cross-correlated Gabor filtering
Authors: Radhakrishnan Anand N. P. , Buckwell Mark , Pham Martin , Finegan Donal P. , Rack Alexander , Hinds Gareth , Brett Dan J. L. , Shearing Paul R.
Published: July 2022

Thermal runaway propagation in lithium-ion cells is quantified for the first time, using an image processing approach. The results provide fresh insights for the development of new battery safety standards and strategies.
Luminescence-enhanced conjugated polymer dots through thermal treatment for cell imaging
Authors: Wu Yuyang , Yang Hanyu , Shi Chenyang , Sun Hang , Yin Shengyan , Wang Guangbin
Published: July 2022

A thermal optimization strategy of conjugated polymer nanoparticles (Pdots) is proposed. It provides the possibility to realize stable and complex biological imaging applications using Pdots with a simple molecular structure.
Synergetic osteogenesis of extracellular vesicles and loading RGD colonized on 3D-printed titanium implants
Authors: Ma Shiqing , Li Xuewen , Hu Han , Ma Xinying , Zhao Zhezhe , Deng Shu , Wang Jie , Zhang Leyu , Wu Chenxuan , Liu Zihao , Wang Yonglan
Published: July 2022

In this study, EVs are anchored on titanium successfully in a method supported by a fusion peptide in order to promote the osteogenic. This method is more convenient and effective than typical modifying techniques.
Hydrogen reverse spillover eliminating methanation over efficient Pt–Ni catalysts for the water–gas shift reaction
Authors: Lyu Jing , Tian Ye , Zhang Yingtian , Wu Peipei , Pan Yu , Ding Tong , Song Song , Li Xingang
Published: July 2022

Hydrogen reverse spillover from Ni0 sites to Pt sites completely eliminated the side reaction of methanation and improved the catalytic activity of Ni0 sites over a nickel phyllosilicate-supported Pt–Ni catalyst during the water–gas shift reaction.
Design, synthesis and evaluation of liver-targeting fluorescent probes for detecting mercury ions
Authors: Hu Wei , Wang Jianyi
Published: July 2022

Three fluorescent probes for glycosyl-rhodamine based Hg2+ detection were developed. The fluorescence response follows a trend of Rho-Gal > Rho-Lac > Rho-Glu in HepG2 cells due to the specific recognition of galactosyl toward ASGPR.
Recent progress and prospects of random lasers using advanced materials
Authors: Padiyakkuth Nideesh , Thomas Sabu , Antoine Rodolphe , Kalarikkal Nandakumar
Published: July 2022

Random lasers are a particular class of optical devices where the optical feedback is provided by scattering media. In this review, we discuss recent progress and prospects of random lasers using advanced materials.
In situ CsPbBr3 architecture engineered in electrospun fibers and its ultrafast charge-transfer dynamics
Authors: Babu Kaliyamoorthy Justice , Kaur Gurpreet , Shukla Ayushi , Kaur Arshdeep , Bhatt Himanshu , Ghorai Nandan , De Goutam , Ghosh Hirendra N.
Published: July 2022

A single step in situ electrospinning strategy is utilized for synthesis of CsPbBr3 inside poly(vinylidene fluoride)-co-hexafluoropropylene fiber. The transfer of charge carriers from CsPbBr3 to PVDF-HFP with 300 nm pump excitation is investigated by transient absorption spectroscopy.
Design and evaluation of poly-nitrogenous adjuvants capable of potentiating antibiotics in Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Pugh Bryce A. , Rao Aliyah B. , Angeles-Solano Michelle , Grosser Melinda R. , Brock John W. , Murphy Kyle E. , Wolfe Amanda L.
Published: July 2022

Rationally designed, molecularly simple poly-nitrogenous compounds capable of readily diffusing across the outer membrane can increase antibiotic activity in Gram-negative bacteria.
Correction: New insight into the effects of N^N ligand isomerization and methyl modification on the phosphorescence properties of Cu(i) complexes with (1-(2-pyridyl)pyrazole/imidazole) ligands
Authors: Shen Lu , Ding Xiao-li , He Teng-fei , Hao Xue-li , Guo Jing-fu , Zou Lu-yi , Ren Ai-min
Published: July 2022

Correction for ‘New insight into the effects of N^N ligand isomerization and methyl modification on the phosphorescence properties of Cu(i) complexes with (1-(2-pyridyl)pyrazole/imidazole) ligands’ by Lu Shen et al., New J. Chem., 2018, 42, 3660–3670, https://doi.org/10.1039/C7NJ04879C.
Silicon-based spectrally selective emitters with good high-temperature stability on stepped metasurfaces
Authors: Zhu Yu , Hou Guozhi , Wang Qingyuan , Zhu Ting , Sun Teng , Xu Jun , Chen Kunji
Published: July 2022

In this work, we systematically demonstrated a hybrid Si stepped NP/Mo/SiNx metasurface emitter fabricated by polystyrene sphere lithography, with spectral selectivity, polarization-independence, angle-insensitivity and high temperature stability.
Host–guest complexation between cucurbit[7]uril and doxepin induced supramolecular assembly
Authors: Assaf Khaleel I.
Published: July 2022

Cucurbit[7]uril forms a stable host–guest complex with doxepin, an antidepressant. The complexation of doxepin leads to the formation of a large assembly in aqueous solution.
A simplified approach to thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) bipolar host polymers
Authors: Kunz Susanna V. , Cole Cameron M. , Gauci Steven C. , Zaar Felicia , Shaw Paul E. , Ranasinghe Chandana Sampath Kumara , Baumann Thomas , Sonar Prashant , Yambem Soniya D. , Blasco Eva , Barner-Kowollik Christopher , Blinco James P.
Published: July 2022

Herein, we compare a series of solution-processible TADF polymers with different host pendant groups to achieve balanced charge transport properties through the combination of unipolar co-hosts.
Poly(sulfur ylides): a new class of zwitterionic polymers with distinct thermal and solution behaviour
Authors: Poulladofonou Georgia , Neumann Kevin
Published: July 2022

Readily available poly(sulfur ylides) are described as a new class of zwitterionic polymers that show distinct solution and thermal behavior.
Controlled synthesis of open-mouthed epitope-imprinted polymer nanocapsules with a PEGylated nanocore and their application for fluorescence detection of target protein
Authors: Feng Xingjia , Jin Siyu , Li Dongru , Fu Guoqi
Published: July 2022

Surface epitope imprinting over the one side of Janus SiO2 NPs via ATRP affords open-mouthed epitope-imprinted nanocapsules with imprinted cavities of homogeneous orientation and good accessibility for fluorescence detection of target protein.
Determination of aflatoxin B1 in Pixian Douban based on aptamer magnetic solid-phase extraction
Authors: Zeng Chaoyi , Xu Chi , Tian Hongyun , Shao Kun , Song Yaning , Yang Xiao , Che Zhenming , Huang Yukun
Published: July 2022

An aptamer-based magnetic solid-phase extraction method was designed for the pretreatment of AFB1 from a Pixian Douban sample. It was developed based on aptamer–Fe3O4@SiO2–NH2 with subsequent ELISA validation, showing an efficient result.
Two-photon absorption of 28-hetero-2,7-naphthiporphyrins: expanded carbaporphyrinoid macrocycles
Authors: Robbins Emma , Deska Radosław , Ślusarek Katarzyna , Dudek Marta , Samoć Marek , Latos-Grażyński Lechosław , Szyszko Bartosz , Matczyszyn Katarzyna
Published: July 2022

The one- and two-photon absorption (1PA and 2PA) properties of three expanded aceneporphyrinoids, 28-thia-, 28-selena- and 28-tellura-2,7-naphthiporphyrin, have been studied.
Design and synthesis of hybrid compounds as novel drugs and medicines
Authors: Alkhzem Abdulaziz H. , Woodman Timothy J. , Blagbrough Ian S.
Published: July 2022

Hybrid compounds (L1–L2) possess potential advantages over mixtures used in combination therapies.
Iridium-catalyzed α-selective deuteration of alcohols
Authors: Itoga Moeko , Yamanishi Masako , Udagawa Taro , Kobayashi Ayane , Maekawa Keiko , Takemoto Yoshiji , Naka Hiroshi
Published: July 2022

An α-selective, iridium(iii)-bipyridonate-catalyzed hydrogen isotope exchange of alcohols using D2O has been developed for the direct, chemoselective deuteration of primary and secondary alcohols, thereby providing deuterated bioactive molecules.
Selective desaturation of amides: a direct approach to enamides
Authors: Li Xinwei , Cheng Zengrui , Liu Jianzhong , Zhang Ziyao , Song Song , Jiao Ning
Published: July 2022

A novel and regioselective N-α,β-desaturation and dehydrogenative N-β-halogenation of amides was developed. This chemistry with high selectivity and broad substrate scope provides an efficient approach to enamides from simple amides.
Insight into the broadened substrate scope of nitrile hydratase by static and dynamic structure analysis
Authors: Ma Dong , Cheng Zhongyi , Peplowski Lukasz , Han Laichuang , Xia Yuanyuan , Hou Xiaodong , Guo Junling , Yin Dejing , Rao Yijian , Zhou Zhemin
Published: July 2022

Mutations of two gating residues at the substrate access tunnel entrance direct the substrate scope of NHases.
A nanofluidic system based on cylindrical polymer brushes: how to control the size of nanodroplets
Authors: Li Cheng-Wu , Merlitz Holger , Sommer Jens-Uwe
Published: July 2022

The self-organized formation of droplets from a continuous flow of incoming nanoparticles through a cylindrical polymer brush is investigated, inspiring the design of a polymer-based nanofluidic rectifier that works reliably at moderate pressures.
Advances in understanding and regulation of sulfur conversion processes in metal–sulfur batteries
Authors: Shi Fangyi , Yu Jingya , Chen Chunhong , Lau Shu Ping , Lv Wei , Xu Zheng-Long
Published: July 2022

The fundamental understanding and rational regulation of effective metal–sulfur conversion reactions in metal–sulfur batteries.
Tuning electrochemical water oxidation towards ozone evolution with heterojunction anode architectures
Authors: Kim Seok , Choung Seokhyun , Lee Woonghee , Bae Sungho , Han Jeong Woo , Cho Kangwoo
Published: July 2022

Heterojunction architectures on Ni–Sb–SnO2 (NSS) electrocatalysts tuned electrochemical ozone generation efficiency, described by the potential of zero charge in Sabatier's volcano trends with NSS/SiOx at the apex.
Catechol sensor based on pristine and transition metal embedded holey graphyne: a first-principles density functional theory study
Authors: Lakshmy Seetha , Kundu Ajit , Kalarikkal Nandakumar , Chakraborty Brahmananda
Published: July 2022

To develop a highly sensitive and selective biosensor for detecting noxious biomolecules from the environment, we examined catechol (Cc) adsorption in pristine and transition metal (TM = Sc, Cu, and Pd) embedded 2D holey graphyne (hGY) monolayers using the first-principles density functional theory method.
Formation mechanism of point-like defect in IF steel sheet during deep drawing process
Authors: Deng Xiaoxuan , Li Haibo , Ji Chenxi , Chen Bin , Zhou Haichen , Zhang Congcong
Published: July 2022

In the current study, the three-dimensional morphology of a typical point-like defect in deep drawing IF steel sheets was characterized by step machining method, and the corresponding casting parameters and stopper tip clogs were also analyzed. The results show that the defect contains two parts: single alumina refractory grain and alumina clusters. Furthermore, the actual size of inclusion in the defect using the 3D characterization was determined to about 1 mm, much larger than that only from surface evaluation (~ 0.1 mm). Based on clog analysis and tracing casting parameters, the formation mechanism of defect during the whole production process was proposed. The defect may originates from the occasional dislodging of stopper tip deposits in the tundish level rising period of ladle exchange process where the entrapped FeO rich ladle slag into the tundish and temperature drop worsen the clogging. Therefore, elimination of ladle slag entrapment and stabilization of steel temperature in the tundish during ladle change procedures help to eliminate the point-like defect of steel sheets for deep drawing purpose.
Effect of Al particle size on the microstructure and wear properties of the co-deposited Ni-Al composite coatings
Authors: Wang Hong , Mo Chenggang , Zhou Yuebo , Zhang Lina
Published: July 2022

Micrometer and nanometer Al particles were codeposited with nickel by electrodeposition from a nickel sulfate bath containing a similar content of Al particles. The microstructure, the friction and wear performance of the co-deposited Ni-Al composite coatings were comparatively evaluated. The results indicated that the co-deposition of smaller nanometer Al particles with Ni effectively reduces the size of Ni crystals and significantly increases the hardness of the composite coatings due to grain-refinement strengthening and dispersion-strengthening, resulting in a significant improvement of wear resistance of the Ni-Al nanocomposite coatings. The effect of Al particles size on the microstructure, friction and wear resistance is discussed in detail.
Internet of things-based real-time monitoring of air quality in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
Authors: Azeez Hariam Luqman , Ahmed Banu Umer , Al-Waeli Ali H.A.
Published: July 2022

Providing accurate measurements and monitoring of air quality is considered to be one of the most prominent features of modern cities. One component of air pollution is particles of diameter between 2.5 and 10 micrometres and less. They are mixtures of small solid particles and liquid droplets produced due to chemical reactions. Having said this, in this paper, an attempt is made to design and program a low-cost air detector accumulating data about the concentration of particulate matter of diameters 2.5 and 10 micrometres in two different places in the city of Sulaymaniyah and at two different times, (i) during the institution of quarantine regulations, due to COVID pandemic, and (ii) after quarantine is lifted. In addition, a website is created simultaneously to both demonstrate and save the data obtained by the air detector. Moreover, using the quantifying method developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the accumulated data can be used for decision making. Lastly, it should be mentioned that all the millstones of this research were carried out practically on a small scale, and the created system was able to provide data with reasonable accuracy. It should be pointed out that the process of data recording was between 20th of February and 10th of May 2020, in two different places namely Sarchnar and Saholak, which was during quarantine. Thus, the concentration of both particulate matter of 2.5 and 10 micrometres till end of April was low with an average of 40 and 60 µg/m3 for 2.5 micrometre in Sarchnar and Saholaka, and 90 and 140 µg/m3 for 10 micrometres in Sarchnar and Saholaka since quarantine regulations were strict. However, from 20th of April till 10th of May as the quarantine regulations got less serious, the number increased to 75 and 70 µg/m3 for 2.5 micrometre in Sarchnar and Saholaka, respectively and 140 and 180 µg/m3 for 10 micrometres in Sarchnar and Saholaka, respectively.
Dimensionale Erfassung des individuellen Erlebens kriegs- und
vertreibungsbezogener sexualisierter Gewalt und ihrer Folgen bei
männlichen Betroffenen: Eine narrative
Literaturübersicht
Authors: Schönenberg Kim Hella , Glaesmer Heide , Nesterko Yuriy
Published: July 2022

Männliche Betroffene von kriegs- und vertreibungsbezogener sexualisierter
Gewalt stellen eine aus psychologischer Sicht stark belastete Population dar.
Offenlegungshürden seitens der Patienten und eine unzureichende
Sensibilität der Behandler1 für
die Betroffenheit von Männern können eine adäquate
Traumadiagnostik erschweren. Auf Grundlage einer narrativen
Literaturübersicht werden relevante Charakteristika der Gewalt und ihr
Bezug zur Diagnostik an acht Dimensionen des individuellen Gewalterlebens
(Gewaltform, Häufigkeit und Schweregrad, Täter-Opfer-Kontext,
Gesellschaftliche Diskriminierung, Subjektive Bewertung,
Männlichkeitskonzept, Kulturspezifische Normen, Traumafolgen)
herausgearbeitet. Die exemplarische Darstellung der Dimensionen erfolgt an einem
Fallbeispiel. Zur gründlichen Erfassung der sexualisierten
Gewalterfahrungen bedarf es der Sensibilität bei praktisch
Tätigen für die Anzeichen männlicher Gewaltbetroffenheit
und der regelhaften Erfassung sexualisierter Gewalt auch bei männlichen
Patienten. Dabei sind die Sicherheit über die Vertraulichkeit der
offengelegten Informationen sowie die Anerkennung des Unrechts von zentraler
Bedeutung für die Betroffenen. Langfristig bedarf es der Entwicklung
spezialisierter Hilfsangebote für männliche Betroffene.
Is Wrist Arthroscopy Safer with the Nanoscope?
Authors: Munaretto Nicholas , Hinchcliff Katharine , Dutton Lauren , Kakar Sanjeev
Published: July 2022

Background Nanoscope, given its smaller size, may be safer when establishing dorsal wrist arthroscopy portals compared with the traditional 2.7 mm arthroscope.

Case Description Ten fresh frozen cadaver specimens were utilized. Dorsal radiocarpal portals were established with the Nanoscope and calipers were used to measure the distance between the portals and the surrounding anatomical structures. The only structure that was pierced during portal placement was the dorsal sensory branch of the ulnar nerve (DSUN) in one specimen when establishing the 6U portal. Our study did not note any tendon injuries.

Literature Review Traditional wrist arthroscopy may be performed with a 2.7 mm arthroscope. With its larger outer sheath cannula, this may place adjacent anatomical structures at risk of injury.

Clinical Relevance During wrist arthroscopy, the Nanoscope may be safer when creating portals to underlying structures.

Level of Evidence This is a Level IV study.
Electrostatic derivation for the van der Pauw formula and simulation using arbitrarily shaped resistive materials
Authors: Hu Xiaokai , Zhu Liming , Diao Kangjun , Liu Wei , Deng Xin , Wang Han
Published: July 2022

The van der Pauw method is an important technique in measuring the resistivity of flat materials by means of the van der Pauw formula. The formula is derived analytically from a rectangular material by solving the two-dimensional Laplace equation of electric potential. The input and output current densities are two Neumann boundary conditions. The use of the δ function as the current boundary condition, in comparison with the rect function in the literature, makes the deduction simple. The van der Pauw measurement is simulated with the finite element method by using two arbitrarily shaped materials of different resistivities and four point contacts around the periphery. The input current is used as the boundary condition at one contact and electric potential as the variable to be solved. The potential differences between two voltage contacts are employed to calculate the two resistances for the formula. With the reduction of mesh size, the simulated resistivity approaches the actual value progressively. The minimum relative error is on the order of ppm. In addition, one circular hole is produced in the irregular material, and the relative error is investigated in response to the hole position and radius. The equipotential curves and current pattern are displayed for demonstration. This confirms that the van der Pauw method is valid for measurement of arbitrarily shaped materials without an inner hole.