bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Slano kopovo: Possible directions of touristic development
Authors: Brankov Jovana , Zujovic Bojana
Published: October 2010

As tourism, as an activity, in a great degree depends on quality of environment, protected areas has become more important in tourist destination during last few decades. The best conformations of this are Special nature reserves, among which, for its own characteristics, Slano kopovo stands out. Palaeomeander of river Tisa, area of unique biological characteristic which is represented by specific salty places, still hasn't been valuated in tourism enough. The aim of this project is to point at values that can attract tourists, and ways of area arrangement regarding preservation and protection of environment.
Tourism attractions: Key elements of tourism resource base
Authors: Jovicic Dobrica , Brankov Jovana
Published: October 2010

There is no doubt that theory of tourism lags behind increased tourism practice. In order to decrease such gap, theoretical work in tourism must be intensified and permanently reconsidered in future period. Consequently, it is necessary to pay attention to complex analysis and explicit interpretation of important notions that are integral parts of tourism practice, as well as objects of scientific investigations. The subject of this paper is analysis of complex structure of tourism resource base. Specially are focused two relevant tourism notions - tourist resources and tourist attractions (tourist motives). Analysis of their meaning, interrelationship and differences is made, relying on basic tourismological principles and critical review of contemporary experts opinions in this domain. Correct interpretation, setting the correlation and distinction between tourism relevant notions, at the same time require great responsibility and duty of tourismologists, tourism geographers, economists and other experts in the field of tourism to contribute to strengthening of tourism theory, adequately influencing on growing tourism practice.
Development of European urban tourist systems
Authors: Jerkovic Senta
Published: October 2010

Relationship between urban development and tourism is a significant process in Europe today. Development of tourism has caused many organizational changes in urban environment. In the middle of the 20th century cultural and historical heritage in the cities was impetus of development of tourism in European cities. Nowadays, in many European cities tourism is recognized as a mean of further economic development. Strategy of polycentricity, outlined in European spatial development perspective is supporting that process, too. Many tourist centres and metropolitan tourist areas have been developed. In the period from 1996. to 2007. number of visitors in European cultural capitals was growing continuously by rate of 25,6%. In the same period, the number of international tourist arrivals increased by rate of only 7%.
Role of specific geographic landscapes in city break destinations
Authors: Stetic Snezana , Simicevic Dario
Published: October 2010

Urban tourist destinations or City Break destinations are representing one of main destination products on tourist market. City Break destinations are big cities, administrative, economic and political centers of states and regions. These cities are 'open' 24 hours per day, seven days in week. Inside these tourist destination we can find different range of products (culture, entertainment, recreation, leisure, history, modern infrastructure). In these destinations season is not present and it lasts trough out the year. Promotional campaigns in City Break destinations are truing to create distinguished images in tourists mind as also as on investors, consumers and future residents. They emphasize advantages that those cities are delivering to their consumers, but often we forget that all these cities are having specific geographic landscapes. In the era of limiting of mass tourism to preserve resources for future generations and emphasizing the importance of sustainable development for tourism perspectives, the importance of specific geographic landscapes inside urban destinations for their further development as tourist destinations an their overall development is slightly neglected.
Possibility of exploitation of natural and geographic conditions of Zlatibor and Zlatar for the development of ecotourism and health tourism
Authors: Dragovic Ranko , Filipovic Ivan , Nikolic Jugoslav
Published: October 2010

The possibility of tourist values exploitation of Zlatibor and Zlatar is directly and indirectly dependent on natural conditions. The aim of this work is to recognize general natural conditions and specifities the values of which enable planning of rational and sustainable tourist exploitation. The first part of the paper is aimed to the analysis of natural and geographic characteristics as ecotourism resources. The second part deals with analysis of weather types which determine the parameters of health tourism and ecotourism of Zlatibor and Zlatar. Planning of seasonal distribution of different tourism types, especially health tourism, resulted from this analysis.
Natural resources as factor of economic development of Polimlje
Authors: Pavlovic Mila , Sabic Dejan , Vujadinovic Snezana
Published: October 2010

Polimlje is situated in the south-western part of Serbia, in the Raska region. In the morphological and spatial functional view this is a heterogeneous area which spreads over the Lim river basin in Serbia and Montenegro. The area of the Lim river basin is 5 784 km2, whereof 1 541.3 km2 belong to the Uvac river basin. The territories of the following municipalities belong to Polimlje in Serbia: Priboj, Prijepolje, Nova Varos and Sjenica. Natural resources of the region are explored insufficiently, whereof waters, ores, pastures, meadows and forests are significant in the economic sense. The prevalence and distribution of the natural resources have been pointed out in the paper, with an emphasis on the explanation of the quality of reserves and economic justification of exploitation. The hydro energetic potential of the Uvac, the largest tributary of the Lim, is significant. The priorities and directions of the regional development have been emphasized on the basis of uneven natural resources distribution. Taking into consideration the natural potentials, agriculture (cattle breeding) and energetic should be the main stakeholders of the economic development in the region.
Belgrade: Intra-urban daily migrations of labor, pupils and students
Authors: Stamenkovic Srboljub , Gataric Dragica
Published: October 2010

Daily migrations of population represent a very significant and developed social phenomenon which, in the conditions of transition in Serbia, does not have the previous spatial and demographic expressiveness. Nevertheless, the complex significance of the scientific explanation of convergent and divergent daily migrations of the centers of larger and smaller functional capacity is indisputable. Consequently, the intra-urban daily movements of labor, pupils and students will be dealt with within the planned and formal borders of the Belgrade settlement among 10 urban municipalities. According to a special statistical data processing of the 2002 population census, 316 817 of its permanent residents participated in these movements or 4.2% of the total population of Serbia without the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohia, whereof most of them are workers. Their daily movement and commute within the borders of the city contributes to a great extent to the dynamical circulation of people and intensive transportation flows among some parts of Belgrade, as well as the changes in the concentration of their total population throughout the working day.
The anthrop-geographic and demographic changes of Dreznica village, Western Croatia
Authors: Grcic Mirko
Published: October 2010

Dreznica is a relatively isolated rural micro region in limestone area of Velika Kapela in a western Croatia. It has been populated by Serbian people in the period of Australian Vojna Krajna. Afterwards, until the Second World War this area gave a lot of emigrants but still was densely populated due to high natural increase. The lost of population due to wars, emigration and depopulation caused a lot of problems. Nowadays more people originating from Dreznica are living out of Serbia.
Premises of sustainable development of agriculture
Authors: Ljesevic Milutin , Markicevic Miroslav
Published: October 2010

In the contemporary world, environmental protection and improvement priority a global society, together with efforts to achieve lasting world peace, economic growth, social justice and democracy. Economic development based on the irresponsible use of natural resources has been caused by a number of consequences. No dilemma that a strong economy and healthy environment and correspond to each condition.
Impressions of Serbia: Tourists on cruises along Corridor 7
Authors: Dragin Aleksandra , Bubalo-Zivkovic Milka , Djurdjev Branislav
Published: October 2010

This paper deals with cruises along Corridor 7 and the tourist offer of Serbia. The purpose of the paper has been to establish how international tourists see our country during their travels across Serbia on cruises along Corridor 7. The research has been based on the interviews with international tourists who participated in land tours while cruising through Serbia. The interviews, together with the structured questionnaire, were conducted from March to November 2007 with the objectives to establish the following: the structure of the respondents according to the country of origin, gender and age structure, as well as the social and economic structure; what their motives are for cruising along Corridor 7; what is their perception of the value obtained through the tourist product and services during the Corridor 7 cruises and during their stay in Serbia (what they liked best in Serbia; if they were dissatisfied with anything in terms of the tourist offer of Serbia; to what extent their visit complemented or influenced their personal impressions of this country - what their impressions were before and after the visit). The importance of this paper, above all, is in broadening our knowledge about the adequacy of the tourist offer in Serbia in the tourism segment which is the subject of study of the paper.
Tourist valorization of haymaking competitions in Serbia and surroundings
Authors: Bjeljac Zeljko , Brankov Jovana , Popovic Ivan
Published: October 2010

Haymaking has always been the most important period for the existence of the population settled in the mountainous regions. There are numerous of competitions in haymaking organized at the meadows which present folklore, religion, customs and whole tradition of mountain regions of Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Specific ness of this events, completed with artistic and entertaining programs and connected with other social and geographical characteristics of the area of maintenance, present important part of total tourist offer. The work, according the economic and geographic criteria, separate competitions in haymaking of those which are strong enough and one that has the potential to become a leading force of destination and carrier of faster and better development of tourism. The aim of this paper is to assess the importance of this tourism events and to determine their rank.
Signs and symbols as different levels of presenting the occurrences in geospace
Authors: Urosev Natasa , Ikonovic Vesna , Zivkovic Dragica
Published: October 2010

This study is about basic cartographic conception like sign and symbol and their vertical and horizontal connection and condition. Also, the function that they have is marked by nominal, ordinal and interval-ratio scales of measurement, i.e. levels of representing signs. All these factors are connected and give us information about qualitative and quantitative characteristics of occurrences in space that we are mapping. Beside main concept, the statistical unit for determination the key of signs for thematic maps will be also presented here. This unit gives the main characteristics of sign, which is mapped at specific map or plan. .
Distribution and possibilities of use of thermal and thermo-mineral waters in Macva
Authors: Gajic Mirjana , Vujadinovic Snezana
Published: October 2010

According to its characteristics the deposit of thermal waters in Macva is of world significance. The reservoir consists of the karstified Triassic limestone and dolomites where the water temperature of about 100?C is expected. These phenomena were registered in Dubalj, Bogatic, Macvanski Pricinovic, Belotic, Metkovic and Klenj. There are real prerequisites for Macva to become 'the hydro-geothermal region' with intensive exploitation of water. Present assessment shows that geothermal energy from thermal waters, exploited near Bogatic, could utilized in intensive agri and aqva cultural production of whole Macva, especially organic food according to restri word ecologic standards, as well as heating of Bogatic, Sabac, Loznica and Sremska Mitrovica. .
Contribution to the study of geological setting of lower Aleksandrovac Zupa
Authors: Carevic Ivana , Milincic Miroljub , Jovanovic Velimir
Published: October 2010

Aleksandrovac Zupa represents the example of territorial area with composite geological structure and furthermore compound geotectonic framework. Due to the character of some formations, framework and time relation of deformation, these areas belong among the most compound on the Balkan Peninsula. On its territory, the big and composite structural-facies zones are being confronted and became imbued. In a stratigraphic point of view, the largest extend have the Miocene deposits that overlain the crystalline schists of Proterozoic. .
The risk of slope processes on the territory of Ub municipality
Authors: Dragicevic Slavoljub , Novkovic Ivan , Prica Marko
Published: October 2010

Stereotype researches of natural conditions on the territory of Serbia have caused limited application value of the large number of recent development strategies and planning documents of different purpose. The best indicator of this is the Strategy of development of planning area of the municipality Ub where, apart from general analysis of natural potential, determining the areas endangered by different intensity of geomorphologic processes was neglected in many ways. At what extent the territory is at risk of slope processes represents an important factor in choosing the location and planning the purpose of the land use, and in defining the degree of concentration of physical structure and objects of infrastructure. This kind of analysis is unavoidable segment of strategy for spatial development of some territory. Therefore, apart from the analysis of natural conditions as the potential of development of some territory, the same attention should be paid to rightful assessment of degree of impairment of the territory, i.e. limitations for its development and growth. .
Ocean and atmosphere coupling, connection between sub-polar Atlantic air temperature, Icelandic minimum and temperature in Serbia
Authors: Milovanovic Bosko , Radovanovic Milan , Ducic Vladan
Published: October 2010

In the presented paper correlation between the northern part of the Atlantic ocean (belt between 50-65?N) and the atmospheric pressure is examined. Connection between the ocean temperature and atmospheric pressure is the most obvious in the El Nino southern oscillation mechanism. Thus, so far it is not known that such a mechanism exist in the Atlantic ocean. The main accent in the presented paper is focused on the connection between Iceland low and the sea surface temperature (SST) in the subpolar part of the Atlantic ocean (used data are in grid 5x5?). By hierarchical cluster analysis five relatively unified clusters of sea surface temperatures grid cells are defined. By multiple linear regression, we examined the correlation between each of the depicted clusters with position and intensity of Iceland low, and identified the most important grid cells inside every cluster. The analysis of the relation between Iceland low and air temperature in Serbia and Belgrade has shown the strongest correlation for the longitude of this centre of action. .
Temperature changes in Serbia and worldwide according to satellite data
Authors: Lukovic Jelena , Manojlovic Predrag , Mustafic Sanja
Published: October 2010

In this paper the air temperature changes have been investigated on the base of satellite measurement, in the period from 1979 until 2006. The analysis has shown that there is no temperature amplification with altitude. Data for Serbia have shown negative trend of temperature in the last 20 years of the investigated period. Although it is not statistically significant, the sign is not in accordance with the increasing CO2 concentration. This may mean that the sign of satellite temperature doesn't support hypothesis about domination of anthropogenic greenhouse effects. .
Modeling processes on topographic maps
Authors: Borisov Mirko , Bankovic Radoje , Drobnjak Sinisa
Published: October 2010

The paper deals the procedures and processes in the modeling of topographic data. There are some fazes and procedures of modeling of topographic data in digital form. It deals in capturing, modeling, distributing and archiving of data. Sometimes many procedures are need for convertion and transformation from one format to other, from one system to other. The procedure of modeling data is a very important way and with computer-aided along with a certain degree of automatizaton that is useful for using and updating of topographic contents. .
The erosion intensity changes in Zajecar municipality
Authors: Dragicevic Slavoljub , Novkovic Ivan , Milutinovic Milena
Published: October 2010

Apart from other geomorphologic processes (glacial erosion, nivation, abrasion) which are predominantly determined by the intensity of natural factors, soil erosion is significantly determined by anthropogenic influences. Despite the fact that the physical-geographic factors are important determinants of the erosion intensity this geomorphologic process has also demographic, socio-economic, environmental, and multidisciplinary aspects as well. Control works, some demographic characteristics of the territory and the type of land use are the direct and indirect anthropogenic influences and modifiers of the intensity of this process. The basic idea of this paper is to assess the basic socio-geographic change over certain area and to determine its effects on the erosion intensity.
Landslides in quaternary sediments of the Belica river
Authors: Milosevic Marko , Calic Jelena , Panic Milena
Published: October 2010

The importance of Quaternary sediments as a lithological setting for landslide development is analyzed in the paper. Landslides on the terraces of the Ibar River, close to Kraljevo and Mataruska Banja, as well as in the alluvial plain of the rivers Juzna Morava and Belica, show that alluvial sediments can have a characteristic of a quasistatic topographical surface. The aim of this paper is to detect the lithological-structural and morphosculptural determinants of landslide development in Quaternary sediments. The case study of landslides in the alluvial sediments of the Belica River and its tributary Slatinski Potok is presented.
Mechanism of genesis of sliding block fields on the south slope of Pancic's peak (2017 m), Kopaonik
Authors: Nesic Dragan , Belij Srdjan , Milovanovic Bosko
Published: October 2010

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Geomorphologic study of tufa on the locality Bigreni stream (Donja Bela Reka)
Authors: Petrovic Aleksandar , Nikolic Dragana
Published: October 2010

The tufa accumulations in the valley of Bigreni stream are morphogenetically complex. The great importance for the occurrence of tufa, as in majority of other accumulations in Eastern Serbia, has the vicinity of the karst spring. The presence of cascades in the gorge of Bigreni stream enabled primary formation of waterfall tufa. After partitioning the gorge, the phase of the barrier tufa accumulation began. The erosive phase is currently present and therefore, once unique accumulation has been divided into several smaller accumulations. The possibility for protection because of the vicinity of the protected capped spring and the beauty of tufa waterfalls indicate the potential for tourist exploitation of this locality.
Risk of flooding: Activities, parameters and regional peculiarities, Case study: Varbitsa watershed basin, Bulgaria
Authors: Lubenov Todor , Marinov Ivan , Velizarova Emiliya
Published: October 2010

An overview of the activities overtaken during risk of flooding situations, in one of the more often flooding region - the watershed of Varbitsa river (Southeastern part of Bulgaria) - has been performed. The main cognitive parameters for risk perception and risk definition, depending on regional, social and historical factors have been examined. The existing information and instructions for mass media communication in relation to the process of interaction in a disaster situation have been discussed. In connection to determination of the risky segments in the basin and plans for announcement, the prevention communication measures have been outlined. On the basis of the Bulgarian normative legislation, the activities concerning organization of communications in a risk-of-disaster situation and mutual aid between authorities, which are part of the Integrated Help System have been indicated. It has been accented on the necessity of a more effective realization of the action plans during natural disasters and especially flooding, in order to improve the partnership between authorities and participants in the communication process during risk-of-flooding situations.
Natural geo-composites for grassing of eroded and degraded lands
Authors: Kroumov Victor
Published: October 2010

Original, natural grass geocomposites (sods) were developed on the basis of combination from unstuffy, needle-drive textile material, geo-net and soil-manure-peat or peat with grass cover from grass mixtures. The natural grass geocomposites have the next priorities: quickly grassing and reinforcing of eroded and degraded terrains; large uniformity and compactness of grass cove; long exploiting period; grassing of terrains with big slopes where the mechanization is difficult to use; the articles are with low mass, small thickness and high stability; they limit the growing of weed. The natural grass geocomposites are intend for control of soil erosion and reconstruction of natural landshaft. They can to reinforce ditches, grass collectors, side of the road slopes, as well as lay out lawn, parks, stadiums, ski racing tourist's beauty spot, etc.
Excess erosion and deposition in the catchments of Kamenichka and Radanjska river, Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Milevski Ivica
Published: October 2010

One of the greatest environmental problems in the Republic of Macedonia is accelerated soil erosion caused by high human impact during last centuries on to the susceptible landscape. Natural factors itself are very suitable for development of such erosion: from mostly erodible rocks and soils on the mountainous slopes around the depressions, to the generally continental, semi-arid climate and slight vegetation cover. Because of that, there are sites with severe erosion and deposition like those in the catchments of Kamenichka River and Radanjska River, two torrential tributaries of Bregalnica. In these catchments there are varieties of erosion-related landforms: rills, gullies, badlands, landslides, as well as valley-type alluvial fans and huge alluvial plains. Such devastating accelerated erosion and deposition largely transformed original landscape, and represent significant environmental, social, and economic problem in local areas. Because of that, some measures of protection and conservation were taken from 1950-ties in both catchments. But it is obvious that the final effect of these measures is far of enough, so new efforts must be implemented to revitalizing these abandoned lands.
Stratigraphic-structural characteristics of Macva basin
Authors: Carevic Ivana , Jovanovic Velimir
Published: October 2010

The analysis of stratigraphic-structural features of Macva basin had been conducted in this paper on the basis of data obtained with deep exploratory boring performed for the needs of hydrogeothermal research project for the purpose of identifying the reserves of geothermal energy of Macva. The research has been carried out with the aim of finding out the relation between the Tertiary and its Triassic bedrock (Ladinian and Carnian stages) in which process the considerable realistic image of paleorelief (the bedrock of Tertiary deposits) was obtained.
Mineralization of the surface waters in the Visocica drainage basin: Supplement for the landscape-ecologic analysis
Authors: Mustafic Sanja , Manojlovic Predrag , Milincic Miroljub
Published: October 2010

The drainage basin is spatially and functionally clearly defined and relevant hydrologic, geomorphologic and ecologic landscape totality. Therefore, it mostly represents basic geo-spatial unit of generation, monitoring, and studying numerous physical-geographical and geo-ecologic occurrences and processes. One of the most important components of geo-space, on the level of basin, is manifested through the state and quality of surface waters. So, the acceptance of systematic approach in studying mineralization of the surface waters would contribute to the deeper understanding of the process in complex systematic surroundings which drainage basin represents. The Visocica Drainage Basin was chosen as proving ground of this kind of the research approach for several reasons. The highest specific runoff on the territory of Eastern Serbia, heterogeneous geologic structure of terrain, almost complete absence of the influence of the anthropogenic factor on the state of the environment, as well as the existence of water accumulation enabled perception of the values of dissolved mineral substances of surface waters as landscape-ecologic component of geo-space.
Characteristics of maximal discharges on toorential watersheds in Serbia
Authors: Ristic Ratko , Radic Boris , Vasiljevic Nevena
Published: October 2010

Torrential floods are the most frequent phenomenon in the arsenal of 'natural risks', in Serbia (droughts, avalanches, landslides, rockslides, hail, forest fires, storm wind and earthquakes). Regime of occurrence of floods was studied on the basis of investigations carried out on 128 control profiles, on all important river systems in Serbia, south from Sava and Danube. Frequency of event of maximal discharge Qmax, over determined threshold, defined as average maximal discharge Qmaxsr, was analyzed. The primary maximum of frequencies was noticed in the period May-June, and the secondary maximum of frequencies in the period February-March. The absolute maximal discharges Qmaxa registered on certain profiles follow the periods with the most expressed frequencies, but there are also significant exceptions. A few equations have been derived, which point out close relations between average maximal discharge Qmaxsr, magnitude of the catchment area A, average annual discharge Qsr and the absolute maximal discharge Qmaxa [Qmaxsr=f(A); Qmaxsr=f(Qsr); Qmaxsr=f(A, Qsr); Qmaxa=f(Qmaxsr)]. Historical cases of maximal discharges, reconstructed on the basis of 'hydraulics flood traces' are presented.
Identification and classification of Serbia's historic floods
Authors: Prohaska Stevan , Ilic Aleksandra , Miloradovic Branka , Petkovic Tioslav
Published: October 2010

River flooding in Serbia is a natural phenomenon which largely exceeds the scope of water management and hydraulic engineering, and has considerable impact on the development of Serbian society. Today, the importance and value of areas threatened by floods are among the key considerations of sustainable development. As a result, flood protection techniques and procedures need to be continually refined and updated, following innovations in the fields of science and technology. Knowledge of high flows is key for sizing hydraulic structures and for gauging the cost-effectiveness and safety of the component structures of flood protection systems. However, sizing of hydraulic structures based on computed high flows does not ensure absolute safety; there is a residual flood risk and a risk of structural failure, if a flood exceeds computed levels. In hydrological practice, such floods are often referred to as historic/loads. The goal of this paper is to present a calculation procedure for the objective identification of historic floods, using long, multiple-year series of data on high flows of natural watercourses in Serbia. At its current stage of development, the calculation procedure is based on maximum annual discharges recorded at key monitoring stations of the Hydro-Meteorological Service of Serbia (HMS Serbia). When applied, the procedure results in the identification of specific historic maximum stages/floods (if any) at all gauge sites included in the analysis. The probabilistic theory is then applied to assess the statistical significance of each identified historic flood and to classify the historic flood, as appropriate. At the end of the paper, the results of the applied methodology are shown in tabular and graphic form for various Serbian rivers. All identified historic floods are ranked based on their probability of occurrence (i.e., return period).
Surface and ground water quality analysis on the territory of the city of Kraljevo: The basis for sustainable water resources management
Authors: Obradovic Danijela , Filipovic Dejan
Published: October 2010

In a few decades backwards in the city of Kraljevo occur certain problems with water quality, as well as with water supply. Based on the analysis of the present environmental state, the authors identified certain influences on the quality of the surface and ground water. Considering significant quantity of water recourses on this territory, as well as its threatened quality, it is necessary to pay attention much more on the problem of the pollution and protection of the surface and ground water.
Possible causes of contemporary Nisava River discharge variability
Authors: Ducic Vladan , Lukovic Jelena
Published: October 2010

Nisava River is the largest tributary of the South Morava River of length 248 km, of which 151 km is in Serbia. Annually to all three hydrological profiles (Pirot, Bela Palanka and Nis) in the reporting period (1961-2000) has been observed decrease in discharge. That would be in accordance with the IPCC's claims about the domination of the influence of anthropogenic greenhouse gases on the reduction of rainfall and discharge in Serbia. However, the area of the Nisava basin in the second half of the XX century has shown decrease in air temperature. The station Dimitrovgrad, in the upper part of the basin, from 1949 to 2007 showed trend of annual temperature of -0.0049?C per year, which does not fit to the concept of dominance of anthropogenic greenhouse gases. And the trend of rainfall in this period, changes sign from negative to positive (0.1175mm per year), so that it does not fit the concept of domination of the global anthropogenic impact on regional models of IPCC. Regarding to this and projections of possible climate change in the future all potential climatic factors should be taking into account.
Waterspout near Indjija: The analysis of the case from 6th June 2008
Authors: Radovanovic Milan
Published: October 2010

The spinning movements of air masses represent extremely rare phenomenon in the area of Serbia. Even though mini tornados1) are characterized by much weaker cyclonic movements of air masses than tornados for example, their destructive power can cause considerable damage and represent the significant factor of risk for casualties. Modern scientific researches are characterised by the impossibility of making the precise prognostic models on the basis of which it would be possible to predict when and where not only the mini tornados are going to appear, but also the more intensive phenomena such as tropical depressions, storms, hurricanes, etc. Considering that in the last years there were many papers published with the evidences on the link between the processes on the Sun and atmospheric disturbances, the arguments by which it could be pointed to such feedback were presented in this paper. The potential causality was examined on the basis of the analysis of astrophysical parameters. By the use of Mann-Whitney U test on daily data for the period from 2004 to 2007, it turned out that there was a significant link between some variables, i.e. indexes of the solar activity and disturbances in the atmosphere. Moreover, the calculations used by Wilcoxon test spoke in favour of the obtained results.
Upper Barremian-Lower Aptian Urgonian limestone's in the Rakova bara section (Carpatho-balkanides, NE Serbia): Analysis and comparison with adjacent areas
Authors: Carevic Ivana , Ljubovic-Obradovic Darivojka , Bozinovic Monika , Jovanovic Velimir
Published: October 2010

The Upper Barremian-Lower Aptian succession is recorded from a limestone sequence that crops out in the surrounding of Rakova Bara in the Carpatho-Balkanides range in northeastern Serbia. The micropalaeontological and sedimentological studies lead to recognition of the two types of microfacies. The benthic foraminiferal association consists of Vercorsella laurentii, Rumanoloculina robusta, Praechrysalidina infracretaceae, Dictyoconus gr. arabicus, Debarina hahounerensis, Charentia cuvilieri and Pseudocyclammina lituus that confirm the stratigraphical and palaeoenvironmental connection of the microfossil assemblages with the classical Urgonian-type, shallow-water carbonate sedimentation. The association documented for the first time in the study area is considered typical of the Tethyan Realm. The stratigraphical position of the benthic foraminifera species within the Upper Barremian-Lower Aptian interval is discussed. The Urgonian Limestone's of the studied section are comparable with adjacent areas of eastern Serbia and Romanian South Carpathians. .
The overall impact of Pleistocene glaciation on morphological diversity of uvalas at Durmitor and Zijovo
Authors: Djurovic Predrag , Petrovic Aleksandar , Simic Sava
Published: October 2010

The alternation of glacial and carts processes as the consequence of frequent changes of glacial and interglacial phases could be recognized at the mountains Durmitor and Zijovo. Re-modeling of glacial morphology (cirques and trough valleys) carved currently karst topography with domination of uvalas. Their size and shape vary considerably as the consequence of differences within the preexisting glacial forms. Duration and intensity of kartification, which re-modeled former glacial forms into karst landforms, determine the degree of uvalas development and formation of three distinct evolution types of high-mountainous uvalas: glacial, glacial-karst and glaciofluvial. .
Quality of underground water and hydro-geological situation caused by oil exploitation in the area of Kikinda
Authors: Pasic Milana , Dolinaj Dragan , Stojanovic Vladimir
Published: October 2010

Numerous oil fields were discovered in the area of North Banat and its regional centre, the city of Kikinda. These oil fields were explored and exploited in the second half of the XX century. Oil rigs in the area of the city zone can endanger the environment, as well as the quality of life of the citizens. In order to discover the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon we have applied GC/MSD technique, whereas we have applied GC/MSD Purge and trap. technique to discover the presence of aromatic hydrocarbon. Chemical analyses of water samples from the area of Kikinda did nit prove that underground water was polluted with oil. .
Weather conditions and weather forecast on the planets of the solar system based on the behavior of Rossby waves
Authors: Gavrilov Milivoj , Lazic Lazar , Djordjevic Jasmina
Published: October 2010

Out of all atmospheric processes on the planets of the Solar System, special attention will be devoted here to leading circulation of planetary or global scales, known as Rossby waves. These waves occur in all rotating fluids that have relative movement to the rotation system. Rossby waves exert dominant influence on so-called global weather. Based on the knowledge of some properties of Rossby waves are made approximate analysis of weather conditions on the planets of the Solar System. Also, these considerations can serve as an introduction to weather forecasting on the planet. .
Global and regional aspects for development of Serbia and the Balkans: The events from the past as a message for future
Authors: Sabic Dejan , Pavlovic Mila , Vujadinovic Snezana , Milincic Miroljub
Published: October 2010

In 2010 Serbia faced with many social, economical and political issues such as the economic crisis, unemployment, uncertain candidate for membership in the European Union, cooperation with the International War Crimes Tribunal in The Hague and others. Recurrences of the past are still being felt in the political than some of the European Union with Serbia. Serbia has a long way toward permanent membership, and to intensify regional cooperation in Southeast Europe (SEE) through active membership in regional organizations and initiatives. Although this region for many years been burdened with the past and lack of understanding among nations, the steppes of integration is still achieved and is still stricken by stereotyped comparisons with a barrel keg, and so damn yard. The aim of this paper is to point out some directions for further development of the region and review of the circumstances that have contributed to this state, to show the events of the past who may be a message for the future. .
Experiences and problems in implementing the spatial plans of municipalities
Authors: Secerov Velimir , Filipovic Dejan
Published: October 2010

Since the adoption of the Planning and Construction Law, 2003., started the producing of the series of spatial plans, among which the most dominant position have the spatial plans of municipalities. Legal obligation and, less frequently, the understanding of the necessity of adopting and implementing this type of plan, contributed to the fact that they are made today in the most cases. Compliance with the procedures of making the local (municipal) spatial plan is an assumption to his adoption, while its implementation is left to the decision makers at the local level and capacities that local self-governments has. In order to implement the plan as much as possible, necessary is to prescribe the clear measures and instruments for his realization and to define the precise implementation mechanisms that will contribute to his implementation. For this reason this paper aims to highlight some examples of the past practice in making the planning documentation and to point out some problems in their implementation that may occur due to a different understanding of the municipal spatial plan importance and his implementation mechanisms. The intention is to emphasis the strategic component of the municipal spatial plan and its developmental importance, in relation to the technical and regulatory dimension that such kind of a document has and which can be often found in practice through the insistence on the rules of planning and construction as the only implementation mechanisms. .
Social position, residential problems and characteristics of households and families of Roma population in Belgrade
Authors: Knezevic Aleksandar
Published: October 2010

The social most endanger inhabitants in Belgrade is the ethnic group of Roma. Social isolation, ghetto lifestyle and deficiency interest of Roma population for overall social development, in relation with other contents of Roma ethnic culture, makes definite influence on different aspects of their life. Residential problems in Roma population are the most evidence form of their misery. The attrition process and addition number of households, as one of indicators of modernization, stream slow and show correlation dependence between caste and residential problems. According to final results of Census in 2002, the largest concentration of declare Roma was in Belgrade (total number was 19.191 apropos 17.7% in total Roma population in Serbia). Percent stake of single and binomial households in total number of Roma households in Belgrade was 24.7% in regard the same stake on Belgrade level (47%). More visibility differences are in five to ten members' households; in Roma population stake was 38.8%, plural more than same stake on Belgrade level. Research results of Roma population in Belgrade come into view family mode organization, thus 62% Roma population in Belgrade lives in extended families. Other kinds of family organization are cognizable only in fragments or in modify types where family relationships don't import collective households. .
Urban tourism at the beginning of 21st century
Authors: Jerkovic Senta , Todorovic Marina
Published: October 2010

Urban tourism at the beginning of the 21st century has become a significant factor in the development of cities. Its theoretical foundation is based on spatial models that have developed over the last 50 years. Today gravitational spatial models of destination are formed. The urban structure of a city has become an important motivator of urban travel system. Its structure is adapted to travel trends, while on the other hand, travel trends have a feedback on urban development. This process affects architectural and spatial-functional activities, including social change. It can easily lead to the growth of a city in a tourist city. .
Contents on the environmental protection in the geography textbooks for primary and secondary schools
Authors: Jovanovic Slavoljub , Zivkovic Ljiljana , Andjelkovic Sladjana
Published: October 2010

The paper analysis the contents of Geography textbooks which refer to the problems of the protection of the environment. The last publications of Geography textbooks for primary and secondary schools of the Zavod za udzbenike i nastavna sredstva (Belgrade) were used as a sample. With this study we wanted to check at what extent the contents of the environmental protection are present in the contemporary Geography textbooks and how much they contribute to the formation of the system of ecologic knowledge and ecologic conscience of students with their structure. The analysis has showed that the problems of the environmental protection in the analyzed textbooks are not present enough, that they are mostly covered in integrative way, sporadically and declaratively. Undefined ecologic concepts are twice as much presented as defined. The explanations of notions are more often supported by examples than by factographic data, although the number of examples is insufficient. Especially, the examples from close surroundings are missing. With their structure, the present contents do not provide knowledge on numerous problems on the protection of the environment and they do not influence the development of ecologic attitudes, emotions and habits in students. Practical implications of the study are shown in the way that the results and conclusions can stimulate the authors of textbooks to change the approach in planning the contents of the future Geography textbooks... .
Flood frequency analysis of the Djetinja river
Authors: Milijasevic Dragana
Published: October 2010

Based on extreme water levels data, using the method of series, a forecast for protection of river has been accomplished, i.e. probable water level maximums of the Djetinja river at Sengolj were measured. High flows were analyzed with a probability from 0.01% to 99.9%. These probabilities indicate the occurrence of high flows of certain values once in 10.000, 1.000, 100, 33, 20 etc years. Applying a hydrological forecast, one can perceive the possibility for using water resources for various purposes, as well as protection of areas and people from flooding. A review of the greatest floods in the Djetinja drainage basin in the last hundred years is given in this paper. .
Atmospheric circulation and the precipitation variability in Serbia for period 1949-2004
Authors: Ducic Vladan , Lukovic Jelena , Stanojevic Gorica
Published: October 2010

In this paper we have analyzed the correlation between the atmospheric circulation and annual precipitation in Serbia for period 1949-2004. The data for frequency Hess-Brezowsky circulation forms and types were used as indicators of atmospheric circulation. Statistically significant coefficient of a negative sign is obtained for zonal and half-meridional form and a positive sign for meridional form. The strength of correlation is not uniform in the space. According to the multiple linear regression the contribution of atmospheric circulation in the variability annual precipitation of Serbia is 69%. Also, we analyzed the connection between the atmospheric circulation and the mean annual cloudiness. Comparing the results for this two climate elements we have concluded that they show different time-space development for same macrosynoptic conditions. Also, we can speak about the regional aspects of these processes. .
A review of the complexity approach to the study human (society)-nature interactions
Authors: Miljanovic Dragana
Published: October 2010

Traditional approach to the study of society-nature interactions based on reductionism and linear causality is no longer fully capable of explaining complex dynamics of integrated socio-economic and natural systems. For this reason demands for complexity theory is growing. Understanding interactions between society and nature, human and their environment must come from the examination of how the two systems operate together, and not from examination of those systems themselves in isolation. Since our geographical community is not familiar enough with complexity theory, first part of article is devoted to outlining shift from reductionism to holism and complexity theory. In the second part, features of complex systems as it is human (society)-environment system are discussed. .
Regional types in Serbia and their territorial inconsistency
Authors: Zivanovic Zora , Tosic Branka , Djordjevic Jasmina
Published: October 2010

Regionalization of Serbia, as an instruments whose adequate use would contribute to a decrease in interregional differences in development of certain parts, represents a complex task, which is only to some extent finished by adopting bigger territorial parts in Serbia. This work is made for the purpose of presenting the problems with regional planning process deriving from inconsistency which exists between administrative territorial organization into districts of the Republic of Serbia and functional areas of regional centers defined by The Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia, issued in 1996, then functional urban areas presented in The Strategy of Spatial Development of the Republic of Serbia in 2009-2013-2020 and in The Draft Law of Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia in 2010-2014-2021. Moreover, the work compares the above mentioned spatial areas with planned regions, for which the drawing up of regional spatial plans is scheduled, namely with statistical macroregions, whose defining is one of the recently adopted decisions in the Republic of Serbia. The aim of pointing out to the above mentioned inconsistency in so far used concepts of regionalization, is to contribute to the quality of regional planning of development, as well as to finding solutions which would refer to establishing borders of smaller, meso-regional totalities, and also to the determination of authorities of both middle levels of administration in our country. .