bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A redesigned training and staff support programme to enhance job retention in employees with moderate-severe depression
Authors: Walker Nicola , Dobbing Rachel
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Closing the treatment gap in depression is vital to prevent people from losing their jobs. Delivering group-based interventions at work could reach more employees than delivering 1:1 interventions in a clinical setting. This study aims to redesign a Treatment Programme to make it more acceptable and accessible for employees with depression.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed-methods exploratory sequential design with a high level of stakeholder consultation was used to redesign an interdisciplinary Work-focussed Relational Group CBT Treatment Programme for moderate-severe depression. Qualitative data from focus groups and quantitative data from a small feasibility study were integrated to develop the new Training (and Staff Support) Programme (TSSP), which was fully specified and manualised in line with the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) for future delivery.

Findings

Focus groups identified a need for improved acceptability and accessibility of the tertiary preventative Work-focussed Relational Group CBT Treatment Programme. This programme was, therefore, simplified for delivery by peer facilitators at the worksite as an intervention for all employees rather than an indicated/targeted intervention for only those with symptoms/risk of depression. The TSSP comprised a compulsory trauma-informed educational/experiential workshop over four days plus optional open-ended, peer-led base groups set up and run by volunteer peer facilitators.

Research limitations/implications

The focus groups comprised a convenience sample who knew the researchers as a colleague or therapist, so there is a risk of selection or relationship bias. They were not involved in the data analysis which undermines the element of co-production and increases the risk of analytic or confirmation bias.

Practical implications

Delivering the new intervention in a group format will require peer facilitators to acquire skills in co-facilitation using a structured-directive leadership style and an awareness of the potential side effects of group-based interventions.

Social implications

The worksite TSSP provides a democratic learning space and empowers employees to stay at work by self-managing their symptoms and by challenging the interpersonal dynamics and organisational structures that might precipitate and perpetuate depression.

Originality/value

This intervention is fully specified and manualised with an explicit programme theory, unlike most universal worksite-based CBT programmes.
Knowledge, patterns of consumption, and attitudes of patients with major depression disorders toward probiotics
Authors: Janahi Abdulrahman Ismaeel , Mahmoud Iman Fahmi , Al Alhareth Ibrahim Mohammed , Alnakhli Alaa Yousef , Almisrea Sara Nasser , Aljohani Hadel Mohammed , Alhaj Omar A. , Hassan Adla Bakri , Jahrami Haitham
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The complex interaction between the gut flora and central nervous systems made probiotics one promising natural candidate for the management and treatment of depression. Hence, the purpose of this paper was to assess the knowledge, patterns of consumption and attitudes of patients with depression toward probiotics.

Design/methodology/approach

In this cross-sectional study, and through simple random sampling, 200 adults who were diagnosed with various depressive symptoms were selected. A link to a self-reported survey was sent to them with the aim of collecting sociodemographic data, assessing participants’ attitudes and knowledge toward probiotic consumption, and measuring their depression status via the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).

Findings

A total of 164 participants (82%) provided usable responses. Approximately 55% of participants had moderate depression (PHQ-9). Participants (22.6%) tend to comply with their psychiatrists’ advice regarding probiotics more than other health specialists’ advice (p = 0.04). Only 59 (36%) had knowledge about probiotics and believed that probiotics should be consumed regularly and not only after an antibiotic course. However, many tended to follow marketing tricks and were willing to buy the most expensive and advertised probiotic products. Participants showed some differences in their attitude and knowledge toward probiotics according to symptoms severity; however, the differences were insignificant (p = 0.88).

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is believed to be the first investigation assessing the probiotics’ knowledge, patterns of consumption and attitude of patients with various depression symptoms in Bahrain. The findings of this study may help improve the well-being of depressive patients by addressing the probiotic knowledge gap among them, expand the market of probiotics and enrich nutritional psychiatry literature.
Covid-19 response of an additive manufacturing cluster in Australia
Authors: Boehme Tillmann , Aitken James , Turner Neil , Handfield Robert
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The sudden arrival of Covid-19 severely disrupted the supply chain of personal protective equipment (PPE) in Australia. This paper aims to examine the development of a geographical cluster, which, through the application of additive manufacturing (AM), responded to the PPE supply crisis.

Design/methodology/approach

This longitudinal case study focuses on an AM cluster, which was developed to supply PPE in a responsive and flexible manner from 2019/2020. The study gathered data over three stages of cluster evolution: pre, during and post-peak Covid-19.

Findings

The type and nature of exchanges between organizations involved in the cluster established important insights into success factors for cluster creation and development. Using an established complexity framework, this study identifies the characteristics of establishing a cluster. The importance of cluster alignment created initially by a common PPE supply goal led to an emerging commercial and relational imperative to address the longer-term configuration after the disruption.

Practical implications

Clusters can be a viable option for a technology-driven sector when there is a “buzz” that drives and rapidly diffuses knowledge to support cluster formation. This research identifies the structural, socio-political and emergent dimensions, which need to be considered by stakeholders when aiming at improving competitiveness using clusters.

Originality/value

Covid-19 has rapidly and unexpectedly disrupted the supply chain for many industries. Responding to challenges, businesses will investigate different pathways to improve the overall resilience including on-/near-shoring. The results provide insights into how clusters are formed, grow and develop and the differentiating factors that result in successful impacts of clusters on local economies.
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction following the use of a supraglottic airway device during general anaesthesia: a prospective observational study
Authors: Akhtar N. , Ungureanu N. , Cakir S. , Ansari U. , Mohamed T.‐Y. , Brown K. , Stocker J. , Mendonca C.
Published: July 2021

Supraglottic airway devices are commonly used to manage the airway during general anaesthesia. There are sporadic case reports of temporomandibular joint dysfunction and dislocation following supraglottic airway device use. We conducted a prospective observational study of adult patients undergoing elective surgery where a supraglottic airway device was used as the primary airway device. Pre‐operatively, all participants were asked to complete a questionnaire involving 12 points adapted from the Temporomandibular Joint Scale and the Liverpool Oral Rehabilitation Questionnaire. Objective measurements included inter‐incisor distance as well as forward and lateral jaw movements. The primary outcome was the inter‐incisor distance, an accepted measure of temporomandibular joint mobility. Both the questionnaire and measurements were repeated in the postoperative period and we analysed data from 130 participants. Mean (SD) inter‐incisor distance in the pre‐ and postoperative period was 46.5 (7.2) mm and 46.3 (7.5) mm, respectively (p = 0.521) with a difference (95%CI) of 0.2 (−0.5 to 0.9) mm. Mean (SD) forward jaw movement in the pre‐ and postoperative period was 3.6 (2.4) mm and 3.9 (2.4) mm, respectively (p = 0.018). Mean (SD) lateral jaw movement to the right in the pre‐ and postoperative period was 8.9 (4.1) mm and 9.1 (4.0) mm, respectively (p = 0.314). Mean (SD) lateral jaw movement to the left in the pre‐ and postoperative period was 8.8 (4.0) mm and 9.3 (3.6) mm, respectively (p = 0.008). The number of patients who reported jaw clicks or pops before opening their mouth as wide as possible was 28 (21.5%) vs. 12 (9.2%) in the pre‐ and postoperative period, respectively (p < 0.001) with a difference (95%CI) of 12.3% (6.7–17.9%). There was no significant difference in the responses to the other 11 questions or in the number of patients who reported pain in the temporomandibular joint area postoperatively. No clinically significant dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint following the use of supraglottic airway devices in the postoperative period was identified by either patient questionnaires or objective measurements.
Adrenal androgen trajectories are established during childhood in preterm boys
Authors: Kvernebo Sunnergren Kjersti , Karlsson Ann‐Katrine , Allvin Kerstin , Nilsson Staffan , Ankarberg‐Lindgren Carina , Dahlgren Jovanna
Published: July 2021

Aim

We investigated longitudinal adrenal androgen concentrations and any relationship between gestational age, birth size, anthropometric parameters and adrenal androgen concentrations during childhood in boys born moderate to late preterm.

Methods

This longitudinal, prospective study included 58 boys born at 32+0 to 36+6 weeks of gestation. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and androstenedione were analysed by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry, and anthropometric data were recorded from 5 to 10 years of age.

Results

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate concentrations correlated with weight standard deviations scores (SDS) from 7 to 10 years of age and waist‐to‐height ratios at seven and 10 years of age. Androstenedione correlated with weight SDS from 7 to 10 years of age and waist‐to‐height ratios at 10 years of age. Longitudinal analysis showed a relationship between weight SDS and waist‐to‐height SDS and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) and androstenedione (p = 0.002 and p = 0.003, respectively), independently of age.

Conclusion

The trajectories of anthropometric parameters and adrenal androgen secretion were consistent from 5 to 10 years of age in this cohort. The body composition reflected by current weight and the waist‐to‐height ratio, rather than gestational age and birth size, was associated with adrenal androgen secretion.
Difamilast, a selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, ointment in paediatric patients with atopic dermatitis: a phase III randomized double-blind, vehicle-controlled trial
Authors: Saeki H. , Baba N. , Ito K. , Yokota D. , Tsubouchi H.
Published: July 2021

Background

In atopic dermatitis (AD), phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibition reduces proinflammatory mediators and cytokines. Difamilast is a new selective PDE4 inhibitor.

Objectives

To demonstrate the superiority of topical difamilast to vehicle in Japanese paediatric patients with AD.

Methods

This was a phase III randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled trial. Patients aged 2–14 years with an Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) score of 2 or 3 received difamilast 0·3% (n = 83), difamilast 1% (n = 85) or vehicle (n = 83) ointment twice daily for 4 weeks.

Results

The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients with an IGA score of 0 or 1 with improvement by at least two grades at week 4. The success rates in IGA score at week 4 were 44·6%, 47·1% and 18·1% in the difamilast 0·3%, difamilast 1% and vehicle groups, respectively. Both difamilast groups demonstrated significantly higher success rates in IGA score compared with vehicle at week 4 [difamilast 0·3% (P < 0·001); difamilast 1% (P < 0·001)]. Regarding secondary endpoints, improvements in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI; improvement of ≥ 50%, ≥ 75% and ≥ 90% in overall score) at week 4 were significantly higher in patients in the difamilast 0·3% and 1% groups than those in the vehicle group. EASI score in the difamilast 0·3% and 1% groups was significantly reduced compared with that of patients in the vehicle group at week 1. The significant difference between both the difamilast groups and the vehicle groups was maintained from week 1 through to week 4. Most treatment-emergent adverse events were mild or moderate, and no serious events or deaths were reported.

Conclusions

Difamilast 0·3% and 1% ointments are superior to vehicle and well tolerated in Japanese paediatric patients with AD.
Are patients benefiting from participation in the German skin cancer screening programme? A large cohort study based on administrative data
Authors: Datzmann T. , Schoffer O. , Meier F. , Seidler A. , Schmitt J.
Published: July 2021

Background

The German programme for skin cancer screening was established in 2008 with the aim of reducing skin cancer mortality. However, the effectiveness and risk–benefit ratio of the programme remain unclear.

Objectives

To compare the mortality rates of patients with melanoma who participate in a screening programme to those who do not.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study, based on pseudonymized health insurance data of 1 431 327 individuals from Saxony, Germany, was conducted for the period 2010–2016. Patients with prevalent and incident melanoma were defined based on diagnosis, medical procedures and prescriptions. Patients who underwent screening and had a first diagnosis of melanoma within 2 years of screening were assigned to the intervention group. Relative survival and Cox regression were used to assess potential differences in mortality.

Results

We identified 4552 individuals with prevalent and 2475 individuals with incident melanoma. The percentage of screening participants (n = 1801) who had locoregional (4·2% vs. 13·5%) and/or distant metastases (4·3% vs. 8·0%), or who were treated with systemic anticancer therapies (11·6% vs. 21·8%) was lower vs. nonparticipants (n = 674). Screening participants had significantly better survival rates. The unadjusted Cox model gave a hazard ratio (HR) of 0·37 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·30–0·46]. After adjusting for named confounders, the effect remained (HR 0·62, 95% CI 0·48–0·80).

Conclusions

Patients who participated in the screening programme had lower mortality than those who had not undergone screening. However, these findings may result from a healthy screen bias and/or overdiagnosis associated with screening, and not from the screening itself.
Pyronaridine induces apoptosis in non‐small cell lung cancer cells by upregulating death receptor 5 expression and inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptor
Authors: Zhong Zheng‐Hong , Yi Ze‐Lin , Zhao Yi‐Dan , Wang Jue , Jiang Ze‐Bo , Xu Cong , Xie Ya‐Jia , He Qi‐Da , Tong Zi‐Yan , Yao Xiao‐Jun , Leung Elaine Lai‐Han , Coghi Paolo Saul , Fan Xing‐Xing , Chen Min
Published: July 2021

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. Pyronaridine, a synthetic drug of artemisinin, has been used in China for over 30 years for the treatment of malaria, but its effect on non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells is rarely reported. In this study, we determined the efficacy of pyronaridine in four different NSCLC cell lines and explored its mechanism in H1975. The data showed that pyronaridine could upregulate the expression of TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL)‐mediated death receptor 5 to promote cellular apoptosis. Meanwhile, the JNK (c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase) level was detected to be significantly increased after treating with pyronaridine. We used JNK inhibitor and found that it could partially inhibit cell apoptosis. The results showed that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), PI3K, and AKT were downregulated after the treatment of pyronaridine. In summary, pyronaridine can selectively kill NSCLC by regulating TRAIL‐mediated apoptosis and downregulating the protein level of EGFR. It is a promising anticancer drug for NSCLC.
Poor understanding of allergen labelling by allergic and non‐allergic consumers
Authors: Holleman Bregje C. , van Os‐Medendorp Harmieke , van den Bergh Huub , van Dijk Liselotte M. , Linders Yvette F.M. , Blom W. Marty , Verhoeckx Kitty C.M. , Michelsen‐Huisman Anouska , Houben Geert F. , Knulst André C. , Lentz Leo R.
Published: July 2021

Background

Understanding consumers’ interpretation of allergy information is crucial for effective food safety policies. We evaluated consumer understanding of allergy information on foods in controlled, experimental studies.

Method

Using 18 packaged foods, we evaluated consumer understanding of information about allergens in two experiments: First, a comparison of foods with no stated allergen versus allergen as a stated ingredient versus a precautionary allergen label (PAL); second, a comparison of three common variants of PAL. In each experiment, consumers with and without self‐reported food allergy were asked to estimate the risk of allergic reaction and to rate the comprehensibility of the allergen information. In the second experiment, consumers were also asked which form of PAL they preferred.

Results

Risk of reaction was assessed as high and low for foods with the allergen stated as ingredient, or without any mention of allergen. However, risk assessment for PAL varied and was judged as higher by non‐allergic than allergic participants (82% vs. 58%, p < .001). Understanding of risk associated with PAL also varied by health literacy (p < .001). Both allergic and non‐allergic consumers judged all forms of allergy information to be unclear, especially products with no allergy information for non‐allergic consumers. Products with a ‘Produced in a Factory’ PAL were perceived as less risky than ‘May contain’ or ‘Traces of’ PALs (p < .001), less than 40% of participants judged PAL information to be comprehensible, and participants preferred ‘May contain’ over the other PALs.

Conclusion

Both allergic and non‐allergic consumers find allergen information difficult to interpret on packaged foods and misunderstand PAL, incorrectly distinguishing different risk levels for different PAL wording. Clearer allergy information guidelines are called for, and the use of only one PAL wording is recommended.
Children in residential care in México: Understanding profiles, trajectories and outcomes
Authors: Valencia Corral Natalia Ocairí , López López Mónica , Frías Armenta Martha
Published: July 2021

Residential care continues to be the primary child protection measure for children in Mexico given the limited access to family placements and family support programmes. Legislation regulating residential care homes was not enacted until 2014. The first census of children in care was conducted in 2015. Prior to that year, key information such as how many children were placed in residential care, who was caring after them, what kinds of living conditions they faced, and their families histories was not well documented. To date, there remains a lack of reliable information on the number of children in residential care but it is estimated to be approximately 26,000. The lack of oversight has contributed to serious violations of children's rights. This article presents an overview of residential care in Mexico, including profiles of the children, families, and professionals involved. It also outlines the residential care process and various factors involved in decision‐making, with special attention to children from minoritized groups. We conclude that residential care in Mexico still presents a myriad of challenges and obstacles to providing comprehensive care for children.
Intent‐to‐treat survival in liver transplantation has not improved in 3 decades due to donor shortage relative to waitlist growth
Authors: Dunson Jordan R. , Bakhtiyar Syed Shahyan , Joshi Manasi , Goss John A. , Rana Abbas
Published: July 2021

Background

Liver Transplantation has advanced over the past 3 decades, with 1‐year survival rates improving 25%. Survival rates for those transplanted has increased to remarkable levels, but survival from the time of listing may not be as revolutionary.

Methods

Kaplan‐Meier with log‐rank test as well as Cox regression analysis was used to retrospectively analyze 211 610 adults listed for LT and 116 299 adult transplant recipients from 1987 to 2016. Our primary endpoints were survival from time of listing to waitlist death or posttransplant death.

Results

One‐year survival following LT improved dramatically (68% in 1987–1988 vs. 93% in 2016, P < .001). There was no improvement in 1‐year intent‐to‐treat survival: 78.4% for those listed in 1987 and 81.8% for those listed in 2016 (P = .1). Also observed were decreases in the percentage of transplanted candidates from 74.8% in 1987–1988 to 54.7% in 2016 (P < .001) and increased 1‐year wait‐list mortality from 12.5% in 1987–1988 to 22.6% in 2016 (P = .002).

Conclusion

As transplant rate has decreased while waitlist mortality has increased, no improvements have been made in intent‐to‐treat survival of patients listed for transplant over the past 3 decades. We speculate this observation to be resultant of a relative donor shortage outpaced by waitlist growth.

Liver Transplantation has experienced vast increases in survival rates over the past 3 decades; however, due to an increased donor supply outpaced by waitlist growth, the rate of transplantation has decreased significantly while the waitlist mortality has increased, leading to no improvement in 1‐year intent‐to‐treat survival rates.
Reliability of information on YouTube™ regarding pediatric dental trauma
Authors: Tozar Kamile Nur , Yapıcı Yavuz Günay
Published: July 2021

Background/Aim

Traumatic dental injuries are a common health problem in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of the video contents on YouTube™ regarding traumatic dental injuries in children taking into account the information of IADT, and to analyze whether it is useful for patients and dentists.

Material and Methods

A search was performed on YouTube™ using the search term “trauma in pediatric dentistry” with the default filter set to “sort by relevance”. Based on this search, 127 videos were included. Demographic data such as the source, type, duration, upload date, number of likes and dislikes, interaction index, and viewing rate of the videos were recorded. Using a 23‐point scale for video content analysis, they were classified into groups as low, moderate, and high content.

Results

A total of 127 videos were analyzed. Most of the videos were uploaded by healthcare professionals (n = 90; 70.8%). The average length of the videos was 16.4 min (range: 0.6–122.9 min; median: 7.8). The average number of views of each video was 3702.9 views (range: 4–87 103). The average interaction index (views/day) was 2.4 views (range: 0.00–19.5). The average viewing rate was 522.3 (range: 1.8–6381.2). The average number of “likes” was 45.0 (range: 0–619) and the average number of “dislikes” was 2.1 (range: 0–81). The mean number of days since the uploading of the video was 772.8 days (range: 23–3805). Most of the videos (94.4%, n = 120) were educational videos and 27 (21.2%), 40 (31.4%), and 60 (47.2%) were classified as high‐content, moderate‐content, and low‐content groups, respectively.

Conclusions

YouTube™ videos can be a useful resource for dental trauma in children. However, there is a need to improve the quality of YouTube™ videos uploaded by oral health professionals.
How May Education Be Organized to Safeguard Its Autonomy?
Authors: Saeverot Herner
Published: July 2021

Abstract

This article searches for an autonomous discipline of education, one that is a self‐governing discipline and exercises the right to organize its own activities and to make independent decisions. In undertaking this quest, it asks: how may education be organized to safeguard its autonomy so as to be able to generate strong and unique educational knowledge and theory? To address this question, Herner Saeverot argues for a conceptual structure comprising three interrelated perspectives: education as translation (ETN), education as task (ETK), and education as truth (ETH). These three perspectives are part of the overarching term “the science of education” (SE). While ETN translates knowledge from noneducational disciplines into educationally relevant knowledge, ETK produces distinct educational knowledge or theory directly from educational practice (EP). Through these processes, education can function as an autonomous and a self‐governing discipline. However, more research is needed to identify what would be required for education to become a strong autonomous discipline. The reason for this is that ETK ultimately produces educational theory in a weak sense, that is, it yields knowledge structures that are too loose or poorly articulated to be designed as strong theory. Thus, ETH examines ETK to produce educational theory in a strong sense, in other words, knowledge that has undergone thorough scientific verification and theoretical substantiation. By way of this organization, educational theory is developed through (1) ETK as a firsthand experience in which practice‐based knowledge and theory is derived directly from EP, and (2) ETH as a second‐order observation of EP in which theory‐based knowledge is derived indirectly from EP and directly from practice‐based theory (ETK).
Evaluating new species for aquaculture: A genomic dissection of growth in the New Zealand silver trevally (Pseudocaranx georgianus)
Authors: Valenza‐Troubat Noemie , Hilario Elena , Montanari Sara , Morrison‐Whittle Peter , Ashton David , Ritchie Peter , Wellenreuther Maren
Published: July 2021

Aquaculture is the fastest‐growing food production sector worldwide, yet industry has been slow to implement genomic techniques as routine tools. Applying genomics to new breeding programmes can provide important information about pedigree structure and genetic diversity; key parameters for a successful long‐term breeding programme. It can also provide insights on potential gains for commercially important, yet complex, quantitative traits such as growth rate. Here we investigated a population of 1100 captive‐bred F1 silver trevally (Pseudocaranx georgianus), a promising new species for New Zealand aquaculture. We used whole‐genome information, coupled with image‐based phenotypic data collected over two years, to build the pedigree of the population, assess its genetic diversity, describe growth patterns of ten growth traits and estimate their genetic parameters. Successful parentage assignment of 664 F1 individuals showed that the pedigree consisted of a complex mixture of full‐ and half‐sib individuals, with skewed reproductive success among parents, especially in females. Growth patterns showed seasonal fluctuations (average increase across all traits of 27.3% in summer and only 7% in winter) and strong inter‐family differences. Heritability values for growth traits ranged from 0.27 to 0.76. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between traits were high and positive, ranging from 0.57 to 0.94 and 0.50 to 1.00 respectively. The implications of these findings are threefold: first, the best on‐growing conditions are in warmer months, where highest growth peaks can be achieved; second, size‐ and family‐based selection can be used as early selection criterion if pedigree structure and inbreeding risks are closely monitored; third, selection for body length results in concomitant increases in height and weight, traits of paramount importance for aquaculture. It is concluded that there is substantial potential for genetic improvement of economically important traits, suggesting that silver trevally is a promising species for selective breeding for enhanced growth.
Tools to evaluate medication management for caregivers of people living with dementia: A systematic review
Authors: Gench Melissa , Sawan Mouna J. , Langford Aili , Gnjidic Danijela
Published: July 2021

Background

Caregivers often undertake medication management for people living with dementia without formal training. There is a need to evaluate caregiver medication management practices for people living with dementia to identify and address the key issues that contribute to caregiver burden.

Objectives

This study aimed to identify and summarize approaches that evaluate medication management for caregivers of people living with dementia and appraise caregiver's involvement in aspects of medication management.

Search Strategy

A systematic search was undertaken in five databases: Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts. Studies written in English that contained tools and surveys that evaluated aspects of medication management for caregivers of PWD were included.

Results

A total of 10 studies were included. Medication selection was assessed in six studies, supply and monitoring/review was captured in seven studies, with administration assessed in nine studies. Caregivers were commonly involved in decision‐making for medication changes (77.1%–86.8%) and in the ordering (55.9%–86.0%) and collection (87.0%–92.4%) of medications. Reported caregiver involvement in medication administration showed a wide range (44%–94.7%) between the studies. Challenges in administration were commonly related to polypharmacy and dosage regimen complexity.

Conclusions

Current tools capture specific aspects of medication management, with medication administration the most evaluated aspect of medication management. Future research is needed to develop a tool to holistically evaluate the complexities of medication management for caregivers of people living with dementia to minimize adverse events at transitions of care.

Public Contribution

From the authors' previous research, caregivers highlighted the need to address key issues in medication management for people living with dementia.
COVID‐19–related laboratory coagulation findings
Authors: Devreese Katrien M. J.
Published: July 2021

The alterations in the hemostatic balance in COVID‐19 patients are strongly disturbed and contribute to a high prothrombotic status. The high rate of venous thromboembolism in COVID‐19 patients goes along with derangements in coagulation laboratory parameters. Hemostasis testing has an important role in diagnosed COVID‐19 patients. Elevated D‐dimer levels were found to be a crucial laboratory marker in the risk assessment of thrombosis in COVID‐19 patients. The diagnostic approach also includes prothrombin time and platelet count. Fibrinogen might give an indication for worsening coagulopathy. Other markers (activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinolysis parameters, coagulation factors, natural anticoagulants, antiphospholipid antibodies and parameters obtained by thromboelastography or thrombin generation assays) have been described as being deranged. These may help to understand the pathophysiology of thrombosis in COVID‐19 patients but have currently no place in diagnosis or management in COVID‐19 patients. For monitoring the heparin anticoagulant therapy, the anti‐Xa assay is suggested, because the severe acute‐phase reaction (high fibrinogen and high factor VIII) shortens the aPTT.
ADAMTS13 testing update: Focus on laboratory aspects of difficult thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura diagnoses and effects of new therapies
Authors: Smock Kristi J.
Published: July 2021

TTP is a life‐threatening disorder diagnosed using a combination of clinical information and laboratory results. ADAMTS13 activity and antibody testing represent a major advance in the field, but results can sometimes be difficult to interpret due to technical aspects of the tests and characteristics of the causative antibodies in acquired TTP. Genetic testing for ADAMTS13 mutations is also now available to assist with the diagnosis of inherited TTP. This review will focus on ADAMTS13 testing and will highlight patient and laboratory aspects that can lead to diagnostic difficulty. The effects of TTP therapies on test results will also be discussed.
Review of coagulation preanalytical variables with update on the effect of direct oral anticoagulants
Authors: Gosselin Robert C.
Published: July 2021

There are many preanalytical variables (PAV) that are known to affect coagulation testing. The more commonly acknowledged PAV addressed by the clinical laboratory tend to start with their influence on blood collection, but realistically coagulation PAV starts with the patient, where the laboratory has less influence or control. Patient selection and appropriate timing for blood collection may be integral for assuring proper diagnosis and management. Laboratory control and assurance for ideal phlebotomy practice would mitigate most PAVs related to blood collection to minimize suboptimal sample collection. Laboratory oversight of sample transportation, processing and storage will assure sample integrity until testing can be facilitated. The purpose of this document is to review common PAV that should be taken into consideration when ordering, performing and interpreting a coagulation test result, with additional attention to the effect of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs).
Fabrication and electromechanical characterization of mullite ceramic fiber/thermoplastic polymer piezoelectric composites
Authors: Takaishi Kei , Kubota Yuki , Kurita Hiroki , Wang Zhenjin , Narita Fumio
Published: July 2021

Various types of sensors such as piezoelectric ceramics and strain gauges are widely used to monitor the damage of automobile components, buildings, and so on. Among these sensors, piezoelectric sensors have a high‐energy conversion efficiency, that is a high sensitivity. Therefore, we fabricated a mullite fiber‐reinforced resin sheet with piezoelectric particles (Piezo‐MFRS) and evaluated their sensor performance. Piezo‐MFRS was fabricated by the hand layup method—the polyamide resin was mixed with piezoelectric particles and infused into the mullite fiber fabric. After that, the piezo‐MFRS was polarized by a corona discharge. We investigated the relationship between the applied impact load or vibration load to the piezo‐MFRS and the generated voltage. The piezo‐MFRS induced an output voltage of 20 mV under a compressive stress of 4 MPa, and an output voltage amplitude of 2 mV due to bending vibration of amplitude 0.5 mm. Therefore, it seems that the piezo‐MFRS is suitable for use as a load sensor. Furthermore, we confirmed that the tensile properties of piezo‐MFRS were not reduced by the addition of piezoelectric particles. Consequently, it is likely that piezo‐MFRS is a promising material for a rugged piezoelectric sensor and opens the door to monitoring large structures.
Association of long‐term obesity and weight gain with periodontal pocketing: Results of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study
Authors: Tegelberg Paula , Saxlin Tuomas , Tervonen Tellervo , Knuuttila Matti , Jokelainen Jari , Auvinen Juha , Ylöstalo Pekka
Published: July 2021

Aim

To investigate whether obesity, central obesity, and weight gain are associated with periodontal pocketing.

Materials and methods

A never‐smoking sub‐population (n = 725) of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 was categorized based on body mass index (BMI; participants with normal weight, overweight, and obesity) and waist circumference (WC; participants without central obesity and with central obesity) at ages 31 and 46. The categories were combined to define whether the participants stayed in the respective BMI and WC categories or moved on to a higher category during follow‐up. A periodontal examination was done at age 46.

Results

WC was more consistently associated with periodontal pocketing than BMI. The relative risks for the number of sites with periodontal pocket depth (PPD) ≥4 mm and bleeding PPD ≥4 mm in participants with central obesity both at age 31 and at age 46 were 1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–2.0) and 2.1 (95% CI 1.6–2.6). The corresponding values for participants who had no central obesity at age 31 but had central obesity at age 46 were 1.6 (95% CI 1.4–1.8) and 1.9 (95% CI 1.6–2.3).

Conclusion

Of all the studied measures, central obesity appeared to be most strongly associated with the inflammatory condition of the periodontium.
Drying kinetics of food materials in infrared radiation drying: A review
Authors: Delfiya D. S. Aniesrani , Prashob K. , Murali S. , Alfiya P. V. , Samuel Manoj P. , Pandiselvam R.
Published: July 2021

In recent years, many infrared (IR) and IR‐assisted drying methods such as IR‐hot air, IR‐vacuum, IR‐microwave, and vibration aided IR‐dryer have been reported for drying of food materials due to its rapid drying behavior and less processing time due to high drying rate, consumes less energy, offers better control over temperature, superior quality products, less ecological footprint and also easily it can be combined with other modes of heating technologies. The combination of IR radiation with other drying methods is very promising as it not only improves the drying rate but also preserve the food quality. IR and IR‐assisted drying have been proved as a potential drying method for many food products. Drying kinetics of food materials during IR drying is very critical for the design of IR dryer, selection of appropriate drying parameters, product quality maintenance, and control and optimization of the drying process. Therefore, this paper aims to report the optimum process parameters for IR and IR‐assisted drying of food materials and its drying kinetics. Similarly, critically reviewed the effect of various factors on the IR drying process such as drying rate, specific energy consumption, effective moisture diffusivity, and activation energy during drying of various food materials.

Practical applications

Infrared (IR) heating allows more uniform heating resulting in better quality characteristics of dried products than other drying methods. The combination of hot air and IR improves the effectiveness of drying. Drying kinetics of food materials and the factors affecting the drying characteristics of food materials during IR and IR‐assisted heating are essential for the optimization of the drying process and the successful design of IR dryers with improved efficiency. Most of the IR and IR‐assisted drying technologies developed for the food drying and dehydration process in the thermal food processing sector are still in a laboratory or experimental stage only. This review paper helps to analyze the further possibilities for scaling up of these technologies to industrial level or design of innovative dryer would be very beneficial to the food processing industries.
Language and executive functioning in young adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Kristensen K. , Lorenz K. M. , Zhou X. , Piro‐Gambetti B. , Hartley S. L. , Godar S. P. , Diel S. , Neubauer E. , Litovsky R. Y.
Published: July 2021

Background

This study examined the association between executive functioning and language in young adults with Down syndrome (DS).

Method

Nineteen young adults with DS (aged 19–24 years) completed standardised measures of overall cognition, vocabulary, verbal fluency and executive function skills.

Results

Friedman's analysis of variance (χ2(3) = 28.15, P < .001) and post hoc comparisons indicated that, on average, participants had a significantly lower overall non‐verbal than verbal cognitive age equivalent and lower expressive than receptive vocabulary skills. Using Spearman correlations, performance on a verbal measure of cognition inhibition was significantly negatively related to receptive vocabulary (ρ = −.529, adjusted P = .036) and verbal fluency (ρ = −.608, adjusted P = .022). Attention was significantly positively correlated with receptive (ρ = .698, adjusted‐p = .005) and expressive (ρ = .542, adjusted P = .027) vocabulary. Verbal working memory was significantly positively associated with receptive vocabulary (ρ = .585, adjusted P = .022) and verbal fluency (ρ = .737, adjusted P = .003). Finally, visuospatial working memory was significantly associated with receptive vocabulary (ρ = .562, adjusted P = .027).

Conclusions

Verbal and non‐verbal measures of executive functioning skills had important associations with language ability in young adults with DS. Future translational research is needed to investigate causal pathways underlying these relationships. Research should explore if interventions aimed at increasing executive functioning skills (e.g. attention, inhibition and working memory) have the potential to lead to increases in language for young adults with DS.
The psychological resilience and perceived stress of the frontline heroes in the pandemic in Turkey: A descriptive study of the COVID‐19 outbreak‐mutations‐normalization triad
Authors: Boran Maruf , Boran Omer Faruk , Korukcu Oznur , Özkaya Meltem
Published: July 2021

Aim

To determine the psychological resilience and perceived stress levels of healthcare workers in COVID‐19 intensive care units.

Methods

The study was conducted with 418 physicians and nurses in Turkey between July and August 2020. The data were collected with an online survey consisting of a personal information form, the Brief Resilience Scale, and the Perceived Stress Scale.

Results

The study sample comprised 32.5% physicians and 67.5% nurses. Fear of transmission of COVID‐19 from the patients in their care was stated by 92.6% of the physicians and 95.7% of the nurses. Almost all of the participants (99.3%) were afraid of transmitting COVID‐19 to their families. The psychological resilience level of the physicians (18.42 ± 2.25) participating in the study was higher than that of the nurses (17.88 ± 2.00), and the perceived stress level was lower. It was determined that most physicians and nurses strengthened their team/work friendship bonds during the pandemic, but the motivation to work decreased.

Conclusion

The study results suggest that frontline intensive care workers should be closely monitored as a high‐risk group for psychological problems. The provision of better personal protective equipment, together with on‐going monitoring and provision of psychological support, and strong family support will increase the resilience of frontline healthcare workers.
The frequency of misattributed paternity in Sweden is low and decreasing: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Dahlén Torsten , Zhao Jingcheng , Magnusson Patrik K.E. , Pawitan Yudi , Lavröd Jakob , Edgren Gustaf
Published: July 2021

Background

The occurrence of misattributed paternity has consequences throughout society with implications ranging from inheritance and royal succession to transplantation. However, its frequency in Sweden is unknown.

Objective

To estimate the contemporary frequency of misattributed paternity in Sweden.

Methods

The study was based on nationwide ABO blood group data and a nationwide register of familial relationships in Sweden. These data were analysed using both a frequentist Poisson model and the Bayesian Gibbs model. The conduct of the study was approved by the regional ethics committee in Stockholm, Sweden (reference numbers 2018/167‐31 and 2019‐04656).

Results

Nearly two million mother‐father‐offspring family units were included. Overall, the frequency of misattributed paternity was estimated at 1.7% in both models. Misattributed paternity was more common among parents with low educational levels, and has decreased over time to a current 1%.

Conclusions

The misattributed paternity rate is similar to the rates in other West European populations. Apart from widespread societal implications, studies on heritability may consider misattributed paternity as a minor source of error.
Teacher‐Student Incongruence in Perceptions of School Equity: Associations with Student Connectedness in Middle and High Schools
Authors: Debnam Katrina J. , Milam Adam J. , Bottiani Jessika H. , Bradshaw Catherine P.
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

School equity refers to the extent to which students are treated fairly, ensuring that each student receives what they need to be successful. School staff can play a vital role in creating an equitable school climate for adolescents, but little is known about how staff perceive equity in their school and how this in turn may relate to students' perceptions. This study sought to explore congruence between teacher and student perceptions of school equity and how congruence or incongruence related to students' sense of connectedness to school.

METHODS

Data for the study came from the Maryland Safe and Supportive Schools Climate Survey, which was administered online to 5523 school staff and 59,218 students across 104 middle and high schools.

RESULTS

Multilevel models indicated that, compared to high staff and high student ratings, there was lower connectedness among the schools with low staff, low student ratings of equity as well as the schools with high staff, low student and low staff, high student ratings of equity.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings suggest that staff perceptions of school equity are often higher than students and incongruence in perceptions may have a negative impact on students' connection to school.
To follow or not to follow the herd? Transparency and social norm nudges
Authors: Kantorowicz‐Reznichenko Elena , Kantorowicz Jaroslaw
Published: July 2021

Behavioral interventions in general, and nudges in particular have become in recent years a popular (soft) regulatory instrument all around the world. Despite the excitement around this policy‐relevant field, some concerns have been raised. Nudges utilize behavioral biases in order to direct an individual's behavior. People, however, are usually not aware of the fact that such biases are used to influence their behavior. Making nudges transparent is important in democratic societies; yet, this might inhibit their effectiveness. Whether transparency inhibits the effect of a nudge was examined with respect to default nudges. However, this is the first paper to examine the effectiveness of transparent social norm nudges. Using an online experiment, we find that unlike with defaults, where transparency seems not to have inhibitive effects, disclosing the way social norms work and the purpose of using them diminishes the positive social norm effect. By means of heterogeneity analysis, we show that these results (the positive effect of the nudge and the inhibitive influence of transparency) hold only for male participants. Given the proliferation of nudges in public policies around the world, these results call for further research on nudges and transparency.