bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acupotomy by ultrasound-guided versus anatomical guidance in knee osteoarthritis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Li , Wei Jiantong , Qian Zhi , Qian Jun
Published: November 2022

Background:

At present, there is no systematic evaluation on whether ultrasonic-guided acupotomy is more effective compared with anatomical guidance in knee osteoarthritis. We conducted a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis to provide a method for evaluating the effectiveness and safety of acupotomy by ultrasound-guided technique.

Methods:

An all-round retrieval will be performed in the following electronic journal databases from their inception to October 2022, which comprise PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang data, Chinese Scientific Journals Database, and China biomedical literature database. The following key words were used on combination with Boolean operators AND or OR: “acupotomy,” “ultrasound,” “knee osteoarthritis.” Two authors completed the quality assessment using the Cochrane Collaborations risk of bias tool. The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3 software from the Cochrane Collaboration (London, UK).

Results:

The findings of this study will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication.

Conclusion:

This systematic review will provide evidence to judge whether acupotomy by ultrasound-guided technique is effective and safe for knee osteoarthritis.
Clinical significance of the number of retrieved lymph nodes in early gastric cancer with submucosal invasion
Authors: Kim Dae Hoon , Yun Hyo Yung , Ryu Dong Hee , Han Hye Sook , Han Joung-Ho , Kim Ki Bae , Choi Hanlim , Lee Taek-Gu
Published: November 2022

The prognosis of early gastric cancer (EGC) with submucosal invasion is favorable; however, several cases of recurrence have been reported even after curative gastrectomy. This study aimed to investigate risk factors and evaluate the clinical significance of the number of retrieved lymph nodes (LNs) in EGC with submucosal invasion. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 443 patients with gastric cancer with submucosal invasion after curative gastrectomy for recurrent risk factors. Recurrence was observed in 22 of the 443 gastric cancer patients with submucosal invasion. In the univariate analysis, the risk factors for recurrence were the number of retrieved LNs ≤ 25 and node metastasis. In the multivariate analysis, retrieved LNs ≤ 25 (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.754,P-value = .001) and node metastasis (HR = 3.031,P-value = .029) were independent risk factors for recurrence after curative gastrectomy. Body mass index was related to retrieved LNs ≤ 25 in univariate and multivariate analyses (HR = .510,P = .002). The number of retrieved LNs and node metastases were independent risk factors for EGC with submucosal invasion. For EGC with submucosal invasion, retrieved LNs > 25 are necessary for appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
Efficacy of bed exercise in elderly patients after total hip arthroplasty: A retrospective study of 539 patients
Authors: Tian Yancha , Liu Zeming , Liu Sikai , Jing Wenyu , Li Lin , Ma Wenhui , Han Yongtai
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to observe the necessity of bed exercise therapy in the rehabilitation of elderly patients after hip replacement and to analyze whether bed exercise therapy has an impact on patients’ psychological scores, hip function and postoperative complications. From January 2018 to January 2021, a total of 539 patients with end-stage femoral head necrosis or hip osteoarthritis were retrospectively analyzed. According to the method of postoperative rehabilitation exercise, patients were divided into 2 groups: Group A (routine gait) and Group B (bed exercise). There was no significant difference in general information between the 2 groups. There was no significant difference in baseline pain scores between patients in Group A and Group B (25.2 ± 9.6 vs 24.8 ± 10.4, P = .429). However, at 5 weeks post-operatively, the pain scores of patients in Group A were significantly higher than those in Group B (38.6 ± 7.7 vs 34.1 ± 8.1, P = .016). At 17 weeks post-operatively, the difference between Group A and Group B remained (40.9 ± 6.9 vs 37.5 ± 7.5, P = .041). Similar to the pain score, the hip function score compared between the 2 groups was significantly different at 5 weeks (39.7 ± 8.4 in Group A, 45.9 ± 9.2 in Group B, P < .001) and 17 weeks post-operatively (41.5 ± 7.6 in Group A, 47.2 ± 8.8 in Group B, P < .001). At 17 weeks post-operatively, between the 2 groups, only the range of motion (ROM) of abduction showed no significant difference. Patients in Group B exhibited a better ROM in any other movement posture. The results showed that compared with Group A, bed exercise rehabilitation training could reduce the incidence of deep venous thrombosis. This study demonstrates that bed exercise can improve the hip function and quality of life of elderly patients with total hip arthroplasty (THA) at an early postoperative stage. It can reduce the incidence of deep venous thrombosis of the lower limbs after surgery. For these patients, systematic bed exercise rehabilitation training is recommended in the early postoperative period.
Identification and validation of immune and prognosis-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma: A review
Authors: Chen Yu-Yang , Zhang Shi-Mao , Zhao Heng-Xia , Zhang Jing-Yue , Lian Li-Rong , Liu De-Liang , Chu Shu-Fang
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

Bioinformatics methods were used to identify the key genes associated with the immune microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to construct an immune risk prognostic model (IRPM) and to study the correlation between IRPM’s risk groups and immune characteristics of patients with HCC.

Methods:

HCC transcriptome sequencing information was searched for immune-related genes (IRGs) that were regularly expressed in cancer tissues. The IRGs, which were strongly linked to overall survival were screened; the prognostic characteristics model was constructed using Cox regression analysis. IRPM’s independent prognostic value was explored; Kaplan–Meier survival and receiver-operating characteristic curves were used to determine the model prediction ability in the led-to queue.

Results:

Patients in the high-risk group (HRG) showed significantly poor outcomes. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed factors involved in both the HRG and low risk group. Immune-related hub genes (IRHGs) and drug sensitivity expression levels revealed that all IRHGs were correlated with drug sensitivity for certain chemotherapy drugs.

Conclusion:

The study results may serve as a reference for improving prognosis, early screening, and immunotherapy in patients with HCC.
Comparison of Framingham risk score and pooled cohort equations for the prediction of coronary atherosclerosis in patients who meet the target LDL-C level of Korean dyslipidemia guideline
Authors: Kim Su Bin , Jung Hae Won
Published: November 2022

This study aims to compare the predicting performance of coronary atherosclerosis between Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE) in moderate to high-risk patients who meet the target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level of Korean dyslipidemia guidelines. Among 1207 patients aged 40 to 65 who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography at outpatient for chest discomfort, we included 414 moderate-risk patients (non-diabetes) and 86 high-risk patients (diabetes). They were divided into 3 groups according to FRS and PCE, then compared with coronary artery calcification score (CACS) and plaque burden degree strata. We presented receiver operating characteristic curves for the presence of coronary artery calcification (CAC) and any plaque. In moderate-risk patients, the distribution of CACS and plaque burden degree according to FRS and PCE risk strata showed significant differences between groups and a consistent trend (P < .001). Both FRS and PCE showed good discrimination for the presence of CAC [area under the curve (AUC); 0.711 vs 0.75, P = .02] and any plaque (AUC; 0.72 vs 0.756, P = .025). However, in high-risk patients, there was no significant differences or consistent trend between groups and the AUC values of FRS and PCE were (0.537 vs 0.571, P = .809) for CAC and (0.478 vs 0.65 P = .273) for any plaque showing poor discrimination. In predicting coronary atherosclerosis in moderate to high-risk patients who meet the target LDL-C level of Korean dyslipidemia guidelines, both FRS and PCE can be used in moderate-risk patients but not in high-risk patients.
A pan-cancer analysis of the oncogenic role of ATP binding cassette subfamily E member 1 (ABCE1) in human tumors: An observational study
Authors: Yu Jihong , Ma Haifen , He Ji , Wang Min , Yu Bo , Ge Shaonan , Dai Zhibo
Published: November 2022

ATP-binding-cassette subfamily E member 1 (ABCE1) has been identified as an essential component of RNA translation and cell proliferation. However, studies on its role in pan-cancer are limited. Here, we aimed to characterize ABCE1 expression and its potential biological functions in cancer. ABCE1 expression was analyzed using RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database, and the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium database. The prognostic value of ABCE1 was analyzed using clinical survival data from TCGA. We downloaded the immune cell infiltration score of TCGA samples from published articles and online databases and performed a correlation analysis between immune cell infiltration levels, chemokines/chemokine receptors, and ABCE1 expression. We further assessed the association between ABCE1-correlated genes and their functions in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). In general, ABCE1 gene expression was upregulated in most tumors. There were significant strong correlations between ABCE1 expression and tumor-infiltrating cells in cancers. Furthermore, RNA transport and ribosome biogenesis were significantly related to ABCE1 expression in PAAD. Our study revealed that ABCE1 may serve as a potential prognostic and immunological pan-cancer biomarker. Moreover, ABCE1 may be used in the development of a novel target for PAAD.
Meta analysis of the effect of phloroglucinol combined with progesterone in the treatment of threatened miscarriage before 20 weeks of gestation: A protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Peng Yao , Zhang Jiayuan , Lan Tian , Liu Shengyue , Ye Tao , Wang Yongzhou
Published: November 2022

Background:

Threatened miscarriage (TM) is an important factor endangering the health of pregnant women. It not only affects women’s physical and mental health, but also destroys family happiness. To treat this disease, it is necessary to find a treatment with better clinical efficacy and fewer side effects. The purpose of this systematic study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of phloroglucinol (PHL) combined with progesterone in the treatment of TM before 20 weeks of pregnancy.

Methods:

Electronic databases (EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Elsevier, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chongqing VIP, and WanFang Data) were searched from inception until September. 2022. Randomized controlled trials of PHL combined with progesterone in the treatment of TM before 20 weeks of gestation will be included, and all articles will be independently screened and collected by 2 reviewers. Revman 5.3.5 software will be used for meta-analysis. The specific process is described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews.

Results:

The efficacy and safety of PHL combined with progesterone for the treatment of threatened abortion were comprehensively evaluated in terms of efficacy, efficiency, time of symptom relief, length of hospital stay, and incidence of adverse events.

Conclusion:

This study provides reliable evidence for the clinical application of PHL combined with progesterone for the treatment of TM.
The efficacy and safety of radiotherapy combined chemotherapy for laryngeal preservation in advanced laryngeal cancer: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Jianfeng , Jia Chenle
Published: November 2022

Background:

The appropriate use of surgery or chemoradiotherapy-based approaches for organ preservation has been the subject of much debate. Unfortunately, there has been a lack of improvement in overall survival for patients with laryngeal carcinoma. In this study, we performed a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety radiotherapy combined chemotherapy for laryngeal preservation in advanced laryngeal cancer

Methods:

This protocol is reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. We will search the PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases from the inception dates to October, 2022, using the keywords “laryngeal cancer,” “radiotherapy”, and “chemotherapy.” Cochrane “bias risk” tool is used to assess the bias risk of the quality of the included literature. All calculations were carried out with RevMan V.5.3 software.

Results:

The results of this study will provide evidence for judging whether radiotherapy combined chemotherapy is superior to surgery for treatment of advanced laryngeal cancer.

Conclusion:

This review will provide directions and recommendations for future research and clinical practices of radiotherapy combined chemotherapy for laryngeal preservation in advanced laryngeal cancer.
Association of hormone receptor status with cardiovascular disease mortality in 399,209 patients with stage I to III breast cancer: A population-based study
Authors: Lai Zhihua , Wang Luxia , Liao Xiaohong , Chen Yuanping , Liu Chao , Wang Chen , He Jing
Published: November 2022

Adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) is known to reduce the risk of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC) recurrence and mortality rates, but its impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD) events is unclear. The primary objective of this study was to analyze the association of HR status with CVD mortality in patients with stage I to III BC. A retrospective study of patients with stage I to III BC was conducted using the 2004 to 2016 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, and patients were grouped according to their HR status. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to adjust for heterogeneity between the groups. The cumulative incidence rate of CVD mortality was evaluated via a cumulative incidence curve. Univariate and multivariate Fine and Gray’s competing risk regression models were used to identify risk factors associated with CVD mortality. In total, 399,209 patients with BC were included in this study, and 329,958 patients (82.65%) were HR-positive. The cumulative incidence of CVD death was 8.28% in stage I to III BC patients. In the constituent ratio analysis, primary BC was the leading cause of death (45.29%, N = 31,465), followed by heart disease (16.07%, N = 11,166). Compared to the second year following BC diagnosis, the risk of CVD-specific death gradually increased. After PSM, 65,952 pairs of patients were matched, which led to the equilibrium of all variables between the HR-negative cohort and HR+ cohort. Multivariate analysis indicated that HR status was not significantly associated with the risk of CVD mortality, with a hazard ratio of 1.01 (P = .895). This study highlights the importance of understanding the associations between risk factors and CVD for BC patients. HR status was not associated with the risk of CVD mortality in this study.
Proteomics and genomics of a monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma: An extremely rare case report and short review of literature
Authors: Boșoteanu Mădălina , Cristian Miruna , Așchie Mariana , Deacu Mariana , Mitroi Anca Florentina , Brînzan Costel Stelian , Bălțătescu Gabriela Izabela
Published: November 2022

Rationale:

Monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma, formerly known as enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma, is an extremely rare, aggressive peripheral extranodal T-cell lymphoma, that is infrequent in native European and Caucasian populations. The current study presents the clinicopathological features, diagnostic approach, and clinical outcomes of this rare entity of lymphoma and highlights the importance of the early diagnosis of monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (MEITL).

Patient concerns:

Main symptoms and/or important clinical findings: We present the case of a 69-year-old male patient presenting with an abdominal mass, intestinal transit disorder, and weight loss. The abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed features suggestive of a malignancy. Following clinical and imaging investigations, surgical resection of the small intestine with other areas of involvement has been performed and further to the histopathological examination and immunohistochemical testing are mandatory.

Diagnoses and Interventions:

Histopathological evaluation of the tumor revealed a proliferation of medium- to large-sized monomorphic lymphocytes, with vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and a moderate amount of clear to pale eosinophilic cytoplasm, with an association of infrequent Reed-Sternberg-like cells. Immunohistochemical assessment of the aforementioned tumor using CD3, CD8, CD5, CD20, and CD30 confirmed the T cell proliferation line and the monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma diagnosis.

Lessons:

The current report highlights the importance of early diagnosis of MEITL owing to its poor prognosis and presents histopathological features that help distinguish MEITL from inflammatory bowel diseases and less aggressive T-cell lymphomas.
Comparison of glucocorticoids and painkiller prescribed days between rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving early and late treatment with a biological agent via a population-based cohort study
Authors: Lee Zon-Min , Yang Yao-Hsu , Kuo Ho-Chang , Shen Ya-Han , Yu Hong-Ren , Su Yu-Jih
Published: November 2022

Comparison between early biologics treatment and late biologics treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in decreasing prescription days of glucocorticoids and painkillers by using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research database from January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2013. We defined early use of biologics as biologics prescribed within 2.24 years after the RA diagnosis, and the late use of biologics was defined as those prescribed after 2.24 years of the RA diagnosis. These definitions are based on previous studies defining early arthritis as arthritis within 2 years of diagnosis, while we needed another 3 months for application biologics here in Taiwan, which equals a total of 2.24 years. Among the 821 patients, 410 patients (50%) were classified in the Early group, and the other 411 patients (50%) were classified in the Late group. The use of any of these 3 types of medication, including steroids, disease modifying antirhuematic drugs, and nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) was changed significantly after biologics treatment. Comparing between before and after biologics treatment, oral medication was significantly tapered (all P < .0001). The results show that men are 1.81 times more likely than women to taper oral glucocorticoids and NSAIDs. Younger age (<45) patients are 1.91 times more likely to taper steroids and NSAIDs than those aged over 65 years old. Both gender and age were found to be independent factors that could decrease days of prescription of both steroids and NSAIDs in early use of biologics agents. This study indicates that younger patients only need short-term (2.53 ± 1.92 years, P = .03) and early treatment with biologics (within 2.24 years of diagnosis of RA), just in order to taper steroids and NSAIDs to less than 50% compared to the steroids and NSAIDs doses before biologics treatment.
Elevated pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio indicate low survival rate in apatinib-treated patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A STROBE-compliant article
Authors: Wan Ya-Nan , Chen Hai-Ming , Liu Xin-Fu , Gu Wei-Guang , Lu Yi-Yu
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to analyze the predictive value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) to better clarify which patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) would benefit most from apatinib after multiline treatment for drug resistance. This observational cohort study involved patients with advanced NSCLC who were treated with apatinib between May 2016 to May 2018. The participants in this study had previously been treated with at least two treatment regimens. Multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional risk models were used to evaluate the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of the pretreatment NLR. A total of 125 patients were reviewed. The median age was 64 years (range, 33–92); and 32.8% of the patients were female. Only 0.8% of the patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG-PS) score ≥ 2. In multivariate analysis, pretreatment NLR ≥ 5 had an independent correlation with inferior OS (median 2.07 vs 3.40 months; HR 1.493, 95% CI 1.022–2.182; P = .038) and inferior PFS (median 1.83 vs 2.76 months; HR 1.478, 95% CI 1.015–2.153; P = .042). Elevated pretreatment NLR is associated with shorter OS and PFS in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with apatinib after multiline treatment for drug resistance.
Evaluation results of using GAP II acetabular cage for acetabulum in revision total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Taheriazam Afshin , Saeidinia Amin
Published: November 2022

Acetabular revision arthroplasty with major bone loss is one of the most difficult operations in hip arthroplasty, The graft augmentation prosthesis (GAP) has been designed particularly as an implant for revision acetabular reconstruction. We evaluated the use of GAP II acetabular cage in revision of acetabulum in total hip arthroplasty. From 2009 to 2014, we performed revision total hip arthroplasty in patients with acetabular defects by cage (GAP II) in patients referred to Milad and Erfan Hospitals, Tehran, Iran. We included all patients in class 3a and 3b of Paprosky bone loss classification and type III bone loss according to the system of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. We used SPSS software Ver 19 and descriptive tests, Chi square and independent t-test were used for analysis. There were 221 men (71.99%) and 86 women (28.01%) with an average age of 51.3 ± 21.7 years (range, 35–86 years). The Modified Harris Hip Score (MHHS) improved significantly at the last follow-up compared with the preoperative MHHS (P < .001). The mean MHHS was 40 (range, 29–44) preoperatively and 92 (range, 86–95) at the last follow-up. There were no major intraoperative complications during acetabular reconstruction. Our findings showed that using GAP II acetabular cage in the restoration of acetabulum in hip revision surgery is significantly desirable.
An unusual case report of porokeratosis ptychotropica on the buttocks
Authors: Xiao Yu , Peng Shanshan , Mao Tianyi , Li Xiangjun , Ye Wenzheng , Fang Muping
Published: November 2022

Rationale:

Porokeratosis ptychotropica represents an unusual form of porokeratosis characterized by symmetrical dyskeratotic skin lesions on the gluteal clefts. Herein, we report a case of porokeratosis ptychotropica.

Patient concerns:

A 33-year-old man, who complained of itching papules and plaques in the gluteal cleft and the buttocks for the last 7 years. Clinical examination showed a large well-defined reddish brown verrucous plaque located on both buttocks along with satellite papules on the inner thigh. Dermoscopy and histopathological findings were consistent with porokeratosis.

Diagnosis:

He was diagnosed with porokeratosis ptychotropica.

Outcomes:

No significant improvement was observed following treatment with oral acitretin and a topical retinoid.

Lessons:

The case report highlights the need for awareness amongst dermatologists for porokeratosis ptychotropica as a differential diagnosis for pruritic papules in the gluteal fold.
Instagram Use and Mental Well-Being
Authors: Stefana Alberto , Dakanalis Antonios , Mura Matteo , Colmegna Fabrizia , Clerici Massimo
Published: November 2022

Instagram has grown in popularity among young adults and adolescents and is currently the second-favorite social network in the world. Research on its relationship to mental well-being is still relatively small and has yielded contradictory results. This study explores the relationship between time spent on Instagram and depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and disordered eating attitudes in a nonclinical sample of female Instagram users aged 18–35 years. In addition, it explores the mediating role of social comparison. A total of 1172 subjects completed a one-time-only online survey. Three different mediation analyses were performed to test the hypotheses that social comparison on Instagram mediates the association time spent on Instagram with depressive symptoms (model 1), self-esteem (model 2), and disordered eating attitudes (model 3). All three models showed that the relationship between intensity of Instagram use and the respective mental health indicator is completely mediated by the tendency for social comparison on Instagram.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Ding Hui , Ouyang Mengyuan , Wang Jinyi , Xie Minyao , Huang Yanyuan , Yuan Fangzheng , Jia Yunhan , Wang Jun , Liu Na , Zhang Ning
Published: November 2022

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has a bidirectional relationship with metabolic disorders. The purposes of this review are to decipher the links between OCD and metabolic disorders and to explore the etiological mechanism of OCD in metabolism, which may aid in early identification of and tailored interventions for OCD and metabolic disorders.
An RGB camera-based fall detection algorithm in complex home environments
Authors: Tian Zhiyu , Zhang Liang , Wang Guoan , Wang Xuefeng
Published: November 2022

Objectives:

Accidental falls are a threat to the well-being of older people. This study aimed to develop a real-time human fall detection system to detect fall behaviors and provide timely medical treatment for older adults.

Methods:

An RGB camera-based fall detection system is designed and it can send alarm messages when a fall occurs. This fall detection system consists of two design aspects: a hardware and a software algorithm. The fall detection algorithm includes (1) algorithm initialization phase to obtain environmental parameters; (2) 2-dimensional pose detection to identify human targets and human joint locations; and (3) limb-length and multiframe fall judgment to confirm the occurrence of falls based on its practical features.

Results:

By combining fall detection algorithms with a hardware system, the test results in complex home environments showed that the system sensitivity was 94.2%, the specificity was 96%, and the accuracy was 94.5%.

Conclusion:

The proposed method is more robust compared with the algorithm based exclusively on action recognition. Using only a monocular camera is cost-friendly and can realize real-time fall detections, and help older people to get timely and effective care after a fall.
Effectiveness of a novel augmented reality cardiopulmonary resuscitation self-training environment for laypeople in China: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hou Luoya , Dong Xu , Li Ke , Yang Congying , Yu Yang , Jin Xiaoyan , Shang Shaomei
Published: November 2022

Objectives:

The training rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among the general population in China is relatively low. Augmented reality (AR) may be an effective method of CPR training, especially where in-person interactions may not be possible. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of AR CPR self-training for people who are not professional health care workers.

Methods:

A 2-arm and prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. Participants were recruited via advertisements from August to October 2021 in Beijing and were randomly assigned to either an AR self-training CPR group (n=82) or an instructor-led training group (n=81). Participants in the AR group spent 25 minutes in a simulated environment using HoloLens to engage them in immersive multisensory CPR self-training. Participants in the instructor-led group received 25 minutes of CPR instruction with the guidance of a certified instructor. The outcomes, including the mean chest compression depth (centimeter) and rate (/min), the proportion of correct positioning of hands, correct rescue breaths, compression accuracy, and the proportion of participants that adhered to the American Heart Association’s CPR guidelines, were compared between the 2 groups.

Results:

The median age of the participants was 23 years old (interquartile range: 22–25) and the median weight was 55 kg (interquartile range: 51–63). The mean difference (95% CI) in the compression rate between the 2 groups [mean (SD): AR 109.03 (2.68)/min vs. instructor-led 110.88 (3.03)/min] was −1.85 (−2.74 to −0.96)/min. The mean difference (95% CI) in the depth of compressions between the groups [mean (SD): AR 5.59 (0.59) cm vs. instructor-led 5.55 (0.47) cm] was 0.04 (−0.13 to 0.20) cm. The AR self-training was noninferior to the instructor-led CPR training, as measured by the rate and depth of compressions (P<0.001). The proportion of participants that adhered to the AHA guideline for compression depth (AR: 65.85% vs. instructor: 72.84%, χ2=0.935, P=0.334) was similar in the 2 groups. The proportion of correct rescue breaths [AR: 64 (78.05%) vs. instructor: 74 (91.36%), P<0.001] were significantly higher in the instructor-led group. Heterogeneity of the effect of AR self-training on the chest-compression rate were found in subgroups of sex (P=0.03 for the interaction) and weight (P=0.03 for the interaction).

Discussion:

The AR self-training and instructor-led training are comparable in terms of both groups’ compression rate and depth. This study may have important implications to improve the CPR training rates in China.
Overutilization of Radiographs for Pulled Elbow Among Orthopedic Surgeons Compared With Pediatricians
Authors: Kadar Assaf , Yaniv Noga , Warschawski Yaniv , Rosenthal Yoav , Shemesh Shai , Weigl Daniel , Frenkel Rutenberg Tal
Published: November 2022

Background

Pulled elbow is a common pediatric condition, treated by pediatricians and orthopedic surgeons. The diagnosis is clinical, and imaging is only required where an occult fracture is suspected, although overuse is reported. In this study, we explore the epidemiology of pulled elbow in Israel, focusing on the differences in management between physicians of various specialties.

Methods

Electronic medical records of the largest health provider in Israel, which provides health services to more than 50% of the population, were reviewed for pulled elbow cases between 2005 and 2020. Patients aged 4.5 months to 7 years were included. Demographic information, the discipline of the treating physician, and acquisition of elbow radiographs were gathered.

Results

A total of 4357 patients, 62.8% girls, were included. The average body mass index was 16.1 (SD, 1.2). Most patients were from communities in the upper half of the socioeconomic status clusters 6 to 10 (64.63%). Most patients were attended by a pediatrician (51.5%), followed by an orthopedic surgeon (19.9%). Radiographs were acquired for 570 children (13.1%). Most radiographs (36.5%) were requested by orthopedic surgeons and for children in the boundary age groups. The patient's socioeconomic status was associated with access to physicians of different subspecialties, and lower income families had a higher tendency to be treated by nonspecialized physician (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Orthopedic surgeons use elbow radiographs much more than pediatricians; effort should aim at reducing the imaging rate for this population.
Feasibility of Implementing Disability Inclusive Evidence-Based Health Promotion
Authors: Herman Cassandra , Eisenberg Yochai , Vanderbom Kerri , Tempio Dori , Gardner Jevettra , Rimmer James
Published: November 2022

People with disabilities face a number of barriers to accessing and participating in evidence-based health promotion programs offered within the community. To address these barriers, the program implementation process needs to integrate disability inclusion throughout planning and implementation. The National Center on Health, Physical Activity and Disability's inclusive Community Implementation Process (NiCIP) provides a framework for implementers to systematically integrate strategies into their health promotion programs that increase inclusion while maintaining the fidelity the program. The NiCIP is a community-engaged process that brings key stakeholders together to guide the selection and implementation of data-driven solutions that promote inclusion in, and access to, health promotion programs. In this article, we first provide an overview of the NiCIP. Then, we present a case study exploring one community's experience using the NiCIP to implement a disability inclusive nutrition program within their community.
A geologist and an Egyptologist in conversation: Sir Charles Lyell and Sir John Gardner Wilkinson
Authors: Frost Robert
Published: November 2022

The history of archaeology, and of Egyptology, has traditionally been written as a linear narrative of progress, with narrow-minded amateurs—the antiquaries—giving way to professional archaeologists. For some, Joseph Hekekyan's excavations (co-directed by Leonard Horner) at Memphis and Heliopolis in the 1850s have been seen as a turning point, when the geological principle of stratigraphy was applied to archaeology, thus giving rise to methodical scientific excavation. This article challenges the existing narrative by showing how critiques of Hekekyan's excavation and Horner's interpretation, by the antiquary and historian Samuel Sharpe, inspired the eminent geologist Charles Lyell to seek the opinion of John Gardner Wilkinson, another leading antiquarian Egyptologist, as to the validity of the excavations. Wilkinson's specialist knowledge of Egypt enabled him to identity the problematic assumptions that underpinned the excavation programme, which other leading scholars had missed. Though Lyell was unsuccessful in obtaining the support he desired, he became aware of the more complex situation on the ground in Egypt. Instead of ushering in an age of scientific Egyptology, the Horner–Hekekyan programme highlights how new methodological techniques were contested by contemporaries, and did not immediately or necessarily translate into improved knowledge: a much-neglected dimension in fieldwork-centred disciplinary histories.
When did you stop speaking to yourself? Age-related differences in adolescents’ world knowledge-based audience design
Authors: Arvidsson Caroline , Pagmar David , Uddén Julia
Published: November 2022

The ability to adapt utterances to the world knowledge of one’s addressee is undeniably ubiquitous in human social cognition, but its development and association with other cognitive mechanisms during adolescence have not been studied. In an online production task, we measured the ability of children entering adolescence (ages 11–12,M= 11.8,N=29, 17 girls) and adolescents (ages 15–16,M= 15.9,N=29, 17 girls) to tailor referential expressions in accordance with the inferred world knowledge of their addressee—an ability we refer to as world knowledge-based audience design (AD). A post-test survey showed that both age groups held similar assumptions about the addressees’ knowledge of referents, but the younger age group did not consistently adapt their utterances in accordance with these assumptions during online production, resulting in a significantly improved AD behaviour across age groups. We also investigated the reliance of AD on executive functions (EF). Executive functioning (as reflected by performance on the Wisconsin card sorting task) increased significantly with age, but did not explain the age-related increase in AD performance. We thus provide evidence in support of an adolescent development of world knowledge-based AD over and above development of EF.
Classification of brain states that predicts future performance in visual tasks based on co-integration analysis of EEG data
Authors: Levakova Marie , Christensen Jeppe Høy , Ditlevsen Susanne
Published: November 2022

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a popular tool for studying brain activity. Numerous statistical techniques exist to enhance understanding of the complex dynamics underlying the EEG recordings. Inferring the functional network connectivity between EEG channels is of interest, and non-parametric inference methods are typically applied. We propose a fully parametric model-based approach via cointegration analysis. It not only estimates the network but also provides further insight through cointegration vectors, which characterize equilibrium states, and the corresponding loadings, which describe the mechanism of how the EEG dynamics is drawn to the equilibrium. We outline the estimation procedure in the context of EEG data, which faces specific challenges compared with the common econometric problems, for which cointegration analysis was originally conceived. In particular, the dimension is higher, typically around 64; there is usually access to repeated trials; and the data are artificially linearly dependent through the normalization done in EEG recordings. Finally, we illustrate the method on EEG data from a visual task experiment and show how brain states identified via cointegration analysis can be utilized in further investigations of determinants playing roles in sensory identifications.
A self-purifying microfluidic system for identifying drugs acting against adult schistosomes
Authors: Girod Vincent , Houssier Robin , Sahmer Karin , Ghoris Marie-José , Caby Stéphanie , Melnyk Oleg , Dissous Colette , Senez Vincent , Vicogne Jérôme
Published: November 2022

The discovery of novel antihelmintic molecules to combat the development and spread of schistosomiasis, a disease caused by several
Schistosoma
flatworm species, mobilizes significant research efforts worldwide. With a limited number of biochemical assays for measuring the viability of adult worms, the antischistosomicidal activity of molecules is usually evaluated by a microscopic observation of worm mobility and/or integrity upon drug exposure. Even if these phenotypical assays enable multiple parameters analysis, they are often conducted during several days and need to be associated with image-based analysis to minimized subjectivity. We describe here a self-purifying microfluidic system enabling the selection of healthy adult worms and the identification of molecules acting instantly on the parasite. The worms are assayed in a dynamic environment that eliminates unhealthy worms that cannot attach firmly to the chip walls prior to being exposed to the drug. The detachment of the worms is also used as second step readout for identifying active compounds. We have validated this new fluidic screening approach using the two major antihelmintic drugs, praziquantel and artemisinin. The reported dynamic system is simple to produce and to parallelize. Importantly, it enables a quick and sensitive detection of antischistosomal compounds in no more than one hour.
Field emission: calculations supporting a new methodology of comparing theory with experiment
Authors: Filippov Sergey V. , Kolosko Anatoly G. , Popov Eugeni O. , Forbes Richard G.
Published: November 2022

This paper provides a demonstration-of-concept of a new methodology for comparing field electron emission (FE) theory and experiment. It uses the parameter
κ
in the mathematical equation
I
m
=
CV
m

κ

exp[–
B
/
V
m
] (where
B
and
C
are weakly varying or constants) that is taken to describe how measured current
I
m
depends on measured voltage
V
m
for electronically ideal FE systems (i.e. systems that (i) have constant configuration during voltage application and (ii) have
I
m
(
V
m
) given by the emission physics alone). Experimental parameter values (
κ
m
) are used to compare two alternative FE theories, for which allowable (but different)
κ
ranges have been established. At present, contributions to the ‘total theoretical
κ
’ made by voltage dependence of notional emission area are not well known: simulations reported here provide data about four commonly investigated emitter shapes. The methodology is then applied to compare 1928/1929 Fowler–Nordheim (FN) FE theory and 1956 Murphy–Good (MG) FE theory. It is theoretically certain that the 1956 theory is ‘better physics’ than the 1928/1929 theory. As in previous attempts to reach known correct theoretical conclusions by experimentally based argument, the new methodology tends to favour MG FE theory, but is formally indecisive at this stage. Further progress needs better methods of establishing error limits and of measuring
κ
m
.
Helicoids and vortices
Authors: Chen Hao , Freese Daniel
Published: November 2022

We point out an interesting connection between fluid dynamics and minimal surface theory: When gluing helicoids into a minimal surface, the limit positions of the helicoids correspond to a ‘vortex crystal’, an equilibrium of point vortices in two-dimensional fluid that move together as a rigid body. While vortex crystals have been studied for almost 150 years, the gluing construction of minimal surfaces is relatively new. As a consequence of the connection, we obtain many new minimal surfaces and some new vortex crystals by simply comparing notes.
Quenching for a semi-linear wave equation for micro-electro-mechanical systems
Authors: Gimperlein Heiko , He Runan , Lacey Andrew A.
Published: November 2022

We consider the formation of finite-time quenching singularities for solutions of semi-linear wave equations with negative power nonlinearities, such as can model micro-electro-mechanical systems. For radial initial data we obtain, formally, the existence of a sequence of quenching self-similar solutions. Also from formal aymptotic analysis, a solution to the PDE which is radially symmetric and increases strictly monotonically with distance from the origin quenches at the origin like an explicit spatially independent solution. The latter analysis and numerical experiments suggest a detailed conjecture for the singular behaviour.
Acetobacter vaccinii sp. nov., a novel acetic acid bacterium isolated from blueberry fruit (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)
Authors: Heo Jun , Sombolestani Atena Sadat , Laureys David , De Clippeleer Jessika , Won Miyoung , Vandamme Peter , Kwon Soon-Wo
Published: November 2022

Strain C17-3T was isolated from blueberry fruits collected from a farmland located in Damyang-gun, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences allocated strain C17-3T to the genus

Acetobacter

, where it occupied a rather isolated line of descent with

Acetobacter ghanensis

430AT and

Acetobacter lambici

LMG 27439T as the nearest neighbours (98.9 % sequence similarity to both species). The highest average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values were 76.3 % and 21.7 % with

Acetobacter garciniae

TBRC 12339T; both values were well below the cutoff values for species delineation. Cells are strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative rods, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The DNA G+C content calculated from the genome sequence was 59.2 %. Major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω6c and/or C18 : 1ω7c) and C19 : 0cyclo ω8c. The major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone 9. On the basis of the results of phylogenetic analyses, phenotypic features and genomic comparisons, it is proposed that strain C17-3T represents a novel species of the genus

Acetobacter

and the name Acetobacter vaccinii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is C17-3T (= KACC 21233T = LMG 31758T).
Proteo-transcriptomic analysis reveals brain-region-specific gene and biomarker expression in post-mortem neural tissue of Alzheimer’s patients
Authors: Kumar Gokulanath Mahesh
Published: November 2022

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, marked by dementia, impaired judgment, and a decline in cognitive abilities, that affects over 50 million people worldwide. The etiology of the disease is influenced by a myriad of genetic and environmental factors including APOE4 allele status and sex and can be characterized by a variety of neuropathological markers, such as amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in specific areas of the brain, as well as the dysregulation of certain genes. However, how APOE4 status and sex affect the expression of these biomarkers and the gene dysregulation patterns specific to each brain region have yet to be determined. In this study, statistical and correlational analyses were performed to identify and quantify the relationship between the expression of proteo-transcriptomic biomarkers associated with neurodegenerative disorders and neuronal development in the frontal white matter, parietal cortex, temporal cortex, and hippocampus with patient demographic and genetic information. Further analysis determined whether the observed correlations were brain-region-specific or sex-specific. There was a statistically significant relationship between APOE4 status and degree of Aβ accumulation (P < 0.001) and neurofibrillary tangle formation (P = 0.04). Aβ plaque deposition was found to be more severe in females (P = 0.001) and the intensity of Aβ and NFT formation differed across brain regions (P < 0.001, P = 0.001 respectively). Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis revealed brain-region-specific gene dysregulation patterns. These patterns can identify therapeutic targets for future targeted gene and protein therapies in specific brain regions to treat Alzheimer’s disease.
The cross-disciplinary integration of acupuncture and modern medicine: an analysis from the perspective of subject categories
Authors: Zhang Xin , Duan Zhiguang
Published: November 2022

The cross-disciplinary integration of acupuncture with modern medicine is an important guarantee to maintain its advantages. Based on 13896 acupuncture articles and 404726 references in the Web of Science Core Database, this paper analyzes the cross-disciplinary integration of acupuncture and modern medicine. It was found that the trend of cross-disciplinary integration between acupuncture and modern medicine is more and more obvious. Neurosciences, Anesthesiology, Oncology, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Psychiatry, and Gastroenterology & Hepatology are the subjects with the most crossover and integration, accounting for 56% of the total disciplines. At the same time, more studies have begun to use modern medical methods to study the mechanism of acupuncture. Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pharmacology & Pharmacy, and Medicine, Research & Experimental have been major areas of interdisciplinary collaboration in recent years. China, the United States, and South Korea are the three countries with the largest number of publications. Among them, Chinese scholars pay more attention to the role of acupuncture in the treatment of neurological diseases, Korean scholars pay more attention to drug acupuncture, especially bee venom acupuncture, and American scholars pay more attention to the role of acupuncture in pain management. However, acupuncture has less cross-disciplinary cooperation with heart and cardiovascular system, peripheral vascular disease, and even less with non-medical disciplines. Using modern medical technology and methods to carry out research on the mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion and strengthen the cooperation with informatics, statistics, physics and other disciplines may be an important direction for the modernization of acupuncture.

关键词: 针灸; 跨学科; 学科范围