bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of CBNAAT in Diagnosing of Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis at a Tertiary Care Centre in a City of Karnataka: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Patil B K  , Shwetha T.M  , Muntazeem M  , Kurre B
Published: January 2024

Background: Cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test(CBNAAT) detects the presence of TB bacilli and also Rifampicin susceptibility.This test is currentlyrecommended as a ‘‘first line’’ fast diagnostic test inhigh TB burden countries like India.Aim & Objective: 1. To assess the yield of CBNAAT in detecting extra-pulmonary tuberculosis for patient attending S.S.I.M.S & RC, Davanagere.2. To assess the Rifampicin susceptibility in samples of presumptive extra-pulmonary TB patients using CBNAAT.Settings and Design: Cross sectional study was conducted among the patients after screening them with symptoms suggestive of extra-pulmonary TB coming to S. S.I.M.S & RC. Davangere.Methods and Material: 107 samples were collected and subjected to CBNAAT for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Rifampicin Susceptibility.Statistical analysis used: chi square test was applied to find out the association between Extra-pulmonary Tuberculosis with demographiccharacteristics and to find out the association between CBNAAT with demographic characteristics.Results: The yield of CBNAAT was of sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 98.7%, Positive predictive value (PPV) of 96.9%, Negative predictive value(NPV) was 100% and Accuracy was 99.1%.Conclusions: This study reinforces the importance of CBNAAT which has an impact on early detection, treatment and outcome of Extra-pulmonary Tuberculosis.
Prevalence of Haemoglobinopathy among Young College Students in Anand-Gujarat: A Premarital Screening Program for Carrier Detection of Hemoglobin Disorders
Authors: Minal Thakkar  , Hitesh Shah  , Utkarsh Shah  , Prakashbhai Parmar  , Sulabhsinh Solanki
Published: January 2024

Background: Hemoglobin disorders are the leading health concern in the World including India. Effective screeningprograms, awareness campaign and proper prenatal diagnosis are the only ways to eradicate the disease. Verysparse data are available on the spectrum of haemoglobinopathies in the central part of Gujarat state. Hence, thisstudy was undertaken to find out the prevalence of haemoglobinopathies among the students of Anand People’sMedicare Society, Anand District, Gujarat, India.Methods: In this prospective study, total 2195 students were screened for haemoglobinopathies after takingclinical and familial history. A complete hemogram report was obtained by an automated hematology counterand hemoglobin variants were quantitated by performing HPLC on Bio-Rad Variant II. The prevalence ofhemoglobinopathies was 7.06%, which includes β-thalassemia trait (2.73 %), sickle cell trait (3.82%), homozygoussickle cell disease (0.09%), Hb D trait (0.22%), Hb E (0.09%) trait and other haemoglobinopathies (0.08%).Conclusion: Population groups with high gene frequency of haemoglobinopathies requires a routine premaritalscreening program, awareness and education for identification, prevention of high-risk marriages and birth ofthalassemic homozygotes.
A Case-Control Study on Low birth weight and Associated Epidemiological Determinants among Tribal Population of Dahod, Gujarat
Authors: Aniruddha R. Gohel  , Sanjay Kumar  , Piyush Parmar  , Kishor Chinchodkar  , Jayashri Bute
Published: January 2024

Background: The healthy future of society depends on the today’s children and their mother’s health. Low birthweight (LBW) is a valuable public health indicator of maternal health, nutrition, healthcare delivery. So, a casecontrolstudy was planned to assess the local scenario of district.Objectives: To study the epidemiological determinants like socio-demographic, maternal, socioeconomic,environmental factors and Antenatal care (ANC) package utilization related to low birth weight.Methodology:A Case- control study was carried out at tertiary care hospital, Dahod. We had selected 150 casesand equal number of controls for present study.Results:The results showed that factors like kachha house (OR=1.82), chulha as kitchen fuel (OR=1.76), illiteracy(OR=2.85), labourer (OR=3.57), age above 30 years (OR=2.81), short stature (OR=12.95), less prepregnancyweight (OR=3.04), less body mass index (OR=1.84), less weight gain during pregnancy (OR=2.11)(OR=4.82) ,less interpregnancy interval (OR=1.16), less maternal age at time of marriage (OR=2.67) , later registration ofpregnancy (OR= 5.17), less than 4 Antenatal care (ANC) visits(OR= 2.29), less Iron folic acid (OR=2.70) andcalcium supplementation (OR=2.18) than recommended and no utilization of take- home ration from anganwadicenter (OR=2.18) were significantly associated with the risk of low birth weight babies.Conclusion: Study provides local scenario of district as various epidemiological determinants are more prone forLBW. The best way is to act at grass root level, firstly from health care side by strengthening the available services andengaging every beneficiary and secondly from pregnant women and family side by educating and motivating them.
Covid-19 Vaccine Mandates: Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Azoof Khalid Qalyoubi
Published: January 2024

Over decades, vaccination has been proven to be a successful strategy to combat the spread of infectious diseasessuch as measles, tetanus, and polio amongst children and adults. When the COVID-19 pandemic emerged thebiotech industry have put out a historical effort into developing vaccines to contain the pandemic. These vaccineshave shown high efficacy in preventing disease transmission and associated risks. However, misinformation andlack of trust have caused a large proportion of the population to be skeptical about these vaccines. Authorities ofdifferent nations have established numerous policies to increase vaccination coverage, however in many areasmandates have not been well received. People’s views on vaccinations are immensely impacted by their societyand cultural beliefs, and enforcing mandates, although beneficial, may have negative consequences. This reviewdiscusses the COVID-19 vaccines from cultural and societal aspects; the main reasons withholding the publicfrom receiving vaccination; the human rights angle of enforcing vaccination; and the challenges and prospects ofestablishing vaccine mandates.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards COVID-19 among Adults in a Rural area of Sonepat: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Pankaj Yadav  , Sanjay Kamar Jha  , Babita Rani  , Anita Punia  , Tanvi Goel
Published: January 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic posed a major global health challenge. India has taken unprecedented andstringent preventive and precautionary measures against COVID-19 to control its spread. Public adherence topreventive measures is influenced by their knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19. This study was aimed toaccess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 among Indian adultsMethods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 576 participants from August 2021 to July 2022 in threevillages under CHC Juan, Sonepat, Haryana using multistage random sampling. A pretested semi structuredproforma comprising questions regarding knowledge attitudes and practices with respect to COVID-19 was used.Data were analysed using R statistical software.Results: Participants were male (61.8%) & married (89.6%) & the mean (SD) age was 43.11 (15.66) years.Participants had overall good knowledge of COVID-19 as 82.6% knew that the disease was contagious. The mostcommon symptoms of this disease reported by participants were cough, fever, body ache, difficulty in breathing insequence. Almost 90% had positive attitude about receiving vaccine against COVID-19. Most participants washedtheir hands (92.4%) and used a facemask (92%), avoided crowded places (88.9%) to safeguard self from COVID-19infection.Conclusion: The knowledge on COVID-19 preventive measures was good and majority held positive attitude andpractices.
A Study on the Effectiveness of Cognitive Training on Attention, Concentration, Motor Dexterity and Working Memory among Children with Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: M M Mahesh  , Ferina Fradinand
Published: January 2024

Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) found to have impairments in cognitivefunctions such as attention, concentration, motor coordination and working memory. Current study aims to assessthe effectiveness of the concentration and coordination exercise tool (CCET) in improving cognitive functions inchildren with ADHD. A quantitative research study was advanced with the help of pre-test post-test experimentalresearch design. Participants of the current study were 15 children within the age range of 7-12 years. A pre-testwas conducted to assess the cognitive functions such as, concentration, motor coordination and working memory.Then the participants were undergone 8 weeks of exercise using CCET. The data were statistically analyzed byusing SPSS. From the findings, it can be concluded that training using CCET significantly improves the motordexterity, verbal working memory, attention and concentration in children with ADHD.
A Comparative Study of Intraocular Pressure Measurements by Goldmann Applanation Tonometer and Schiotztonometer and the Study of Schiotz Tonometer a Screening Tool in North Karnataka Population
Authors: Uzma Saara Munaff  , Uzma Saara Munaff
Published: January 2024

Background: Glaucoma is a multifactorial disease with common end point characteristics affecting the optic nerve.It is defined as an optic neuropathy characterised by specific structural findings in the optic disc (increased VerticalCup Disc Ratio (VCDR) or VCDR asymmetry >97.5 percentile) and particular functional deficits in automatedvisual field testing. It consists of three components: the optic nerve head, the visualfield, and intraocular pressure.Detecting the intraocular pressure is essential in not only initiating treatment, but also in monitoring the responseto treatment.Method: 210 purposively selected patients were subjected to three methods of tonometry – Goldmannapplanationtonometry, Schiotz indentation tonometry (with the 5.5g, 7.5g and 10 g weights). Three recordings were obtainedwith each method and the arithmetic mean taken as the intraocular pressure. The data was statistically analyzedusing the intra-class correlation coefficient. Sensitivity and specificity were also calculated for the Schiotz tonometer.Results: The Schiotz tonometer showed fair agreement with the Gold mannapplanationtonometer. The Schiotztonometer scored low as an effective screening tool.Conclusion: The current study shows that the Schiotz tonometer compares favourably with theGoldmannapplanation tonometer showing fair agreement with it. It showed good specificity and was reliable indetection of positives, excluding false positives.
Prevalence of Self Medication in Medical Students
Authors: Muskan Jaiswal  , Sachin Gupta  , Neetu Kumar  , Vinod Narkhede
Published: January 2024

Self-medication is defined as obtaining and consuming drugs without the advice of a physician & not based onauthentic medical information. It leads to irrational use of drugs, increased drug resistance which may lead toserious health hazards. The present study is undertaken to assess prevalence of self-medication and associatedfactors among medical students and their knowledge regarding self medication .A prospective, cross-sectionalstudy was carried out among 251 medical students by using modified semi-structured questionnaire. Statisticalanalysis was carried out by SPSS version 23 and Chi square test was used to see the associations. Result showedthat 79.3% students take self medication. Among them, maximum student were from 4th year i.e. 84%. Study foundthat students take self medication but mostly they completed full dose of antibiotics and are well known aboutmechanism of action, therapeutic dosage & adverse reactions. Maximum students thought self medication as anacceptable practice.
Cytological Analysis of Thyroid lesions According to the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology and their Correlation with Histopathology: A Prospective Study
Authors: Aruna Kumari Pagalla  , Lalitha Pragna Merla  , Prashanth Gunde  , Manoj Gunde
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has a crucial role in differentiating between nonneoplasticand neoplastic lesions of the thyroid. It is a quick outpatient department (OPD) procedure. It greatlyaffects the treatment decision. The current study was done to evaluate the role of FNAC as a diagnostic tool inthyroid lesions and establish a clinico-cytological and histological correlation.Aim: To study efficacy of Bethesda system for reporting (TBSRTC) FNAC of thyroid in view of offering guidancefor patient management, for review of distribution of diagnostic categories and correlation with histopathology.Materials and Methods: It is a prospective study of thyroid lesions carried out at the Department of Pathology, CAIMS,Karimnagar over a period of 3 years (January 2020 to January 2023) A total of 303 patients of neck swelling (thyroid),with satisfactory cases on 290 patients in cytology were undertaken for histopathology. Their clinico-cytological,biochemical, and histological correlation was done only in 133 patients only. Their statistical analysis was done.Results: Majority of cases were non neoplastic. The accuracy of cytodiagnosis was 89.3% and overall malignancyrate on histopathology was 16% (37 cases).Conclusion: FNAC of lesions in thyroid gland has a high accuracy in differentiating between malignant andbenign lesions. It is safe cost effective, minimally invasive, and OPD procedure. Using FNAC as the first line ofinvestigation which streamline the reporting terminologies and the number of surgeries on thyroid lesion hasreduced greatly.
Factors Determining Place of Delivery in Rural Area of Punjab: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sanyogita  , Tejbir Singh  , S S Deepti
Published: January 2024

Context/Background: Institutional delivery has been found to be one of the key predictors of neonatal mortalityprevention and is a recognized intervention to reduce maternal mortality. Despite this known fact, mothers stillprefer to deliver at home.Methodology: 359 mothers of 2 months to 24 months old children were selected from Verka block of districtAmritsar using stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected using a semi structured and pretestedquestionnaire. Analysis was done using frequency distribution, simple percentages and inferential statistics of chisquarewas used to test hypothesis at 5% level of significance.Results: The overall prevalence of institutional delivery was 64.9%. Study revealed that parity, proximity to publichealth facility, high education, socioeconomic status and utilization of full antenatal package had significantlyincreased the institutional delivery.Conclusions: Therefore there is a need to enhance education, expand public health institutions and createawareness about antenatal care and institutional delivery by utilizing existing platform of village level workers toincrease the rate of institutional delivery.
TECHNOLOGY OF ORGANIZING THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS ENVIRONMENT BASED ON CREATIVE APPROACH
Authors:   PhD Student Namangan State University, Uzbekistan, Maftuna Abdullayeva
Published: January 2024

The article extensively analyzes the mechanism of pedagogical cooperation in working with unorganized youth. Also, suggestions and recommendations on improving the mechanism of pedagogical cooperation in working with unorganized youth were given.
Predicting the likelihood and amount of fading, fixed, flourishing, and flexible positive and negative affect of autobiographical memories
Authors: Hoehne Sophie , Zimprich Daniel
Published: January 2024

The emotions attributed to an event can change from occurrence to recall. Autobiographical memories (AMs) exhibit fixed affect (i.e., no change in emotionality), fading affect (i.e., a decrease in emotional intensity), flourishing affect (i.e., an increase in emotional intensity), and flexible affect (i.e., change of valence). Mixed-effects multinomial models were used to predict the likelihood of the different affect change categories. Mixed-effects regression models were used to predict the amount of emotional change within each category. Predictors at the event-level were initial intensity, social rehearsal, and recall frequency. Predictors at the participant-level were components of subjective wellbeing. Analyses were based on 1,748 AMs reported by 117 young participants in response to 16 event cues. Frequency biases, and biases in the amount of change across positive and negative emotionality, were found for all types of emotional change. Specifically, there was more fading of negative (29.98%) than positive affect (11.90%), more flourishing of positive (34.27%) than negative affect (9.61%), and more AMs changing from negative to positive valence (13.33%) than vice versa (3.95%). These biases were also evident in the amount of change within the categories. Moreover, slightly more AMs remained fixed in positive (49.89%) than negative affect (47.08%). Both event and participant level predictors were significantly associated with the likelihood of different affect change categories and the amount of emotional change within the categories. The present findings highlight the importance of considering the different ways in which AMs change emotionally from occurrence to later recall.
Sostenibilidad de cadenas de suministro: Caracterización y Gestión
Authors: Santos Hernández Bertha Lucía , Ramírez-Ospina Duvan Emilio
Published: January 2024

La gestión de la sostenibilidad de las cadenas de suministro trae consigo beneficios a las organizaciones, sociedad y planeta al equilibrar el aspecto económico, ambiental y social. Por tanto, el objetivo de investigación consiste en describir las características de la gestión de la sostenibilidad de cadena de suministro en empresas de la industria de manufactura.
Abstract
Sustainability Supply chain management brings benefits to organizations, society and the planet by balancing economic, environmental and social aspects. Therefore, the research objective is to describe the characteristics of supply chain sustainability management in companies in the manufacturing industry.
Analisis Bibliometrik Metode Montessori Berbasis Data Scopus
Authors: Soniyatul Ummah Evi , Narjis Khalilah , Latifatun Niswah Tatik
Published: January 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui : 1). Informasi utama (Jangka waktu dokumen yang dianalisis setiap tahun, jumlah publikasi ilmiah berdasarkan sumber, kutipan rata-rata per tahun, serta penulis), 2). Penulis yang paling relevan, 3). Afiliasi lembaga yang paling relevan, 4). Negara-negara yang berpartisipasi dalam publikasi jurnal ilmiah mengenai  Metode Montessori, 5). Analisa tematik map, 6). Visualisasi jejaring antar kata kunci (co-word). Metode penelitian ini menggunakan kuantitatif dengan pendekatan bibliometrik deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara penelusuran pada database scopus melalui kata kunci “Learning” dan “Motenssori”. Data berupa ekstensi file CSV, yang dianalisis menggunakan software R-Bibliometrix (biblioshiny). Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa informasi utama rata-rata per tahun publikasi ilmiah mengenai Metode Montessori sebanyak 0%, selanjutnya penulis publikasi ilmiah sebanyak 499. Penulis paling relevan yang terindeks scopus sebanyak 2, yaitu Di Fuccio R dan Lillard As.  Afiliasi penulisan karya ilmiah masih dikuasi oleh institusi dari benua asia (Nazarbayev University di Uzbehkistan 12 artikel, dan disusul oleh Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Malaysia 10 artikel). Negara yang berpartisipasi sebanyak 51 negara). Tematic map menunjukkan bahwa adanya keterkaitan antara tema Metode Montessoriyang berada pada kuadran kanan bawah dan memiliki peluang untuk dikaji lebih lanjut.
Manajemen Supervisi Akademik pada Lembaga Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Yuni Saputri Oviana , Darsinah Darsinah
Published: January 2024

Kualitas sumber daya pendidikan menentukan standar pengajaran. Pencapaian ini terkait erat dengan dukungan awal yang harus ditawarkan pengawas untuk meningkatkan kecakapan guru sehingga guru dapat mencurahkan waktu dan sumber daya untuk meningkatkan kepemimpinan akademik mereka sendiri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan gambaran proses perencanaan, pelaksanaan, penilaian, dan tindak lanjut supervisi akademik PAUD di Kecamatan Jumantono Kabupaten Karanganyar. Strategi yang diambil adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Pengawas PAUD di Kecamatan Jumantono yang berjumlah dua orang menjadi sumber data. Observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi digunakan sebagai metode pengumpulan data. Triangulasi data dan triangulasi sumber digunakan untuk validasi data. Analisis data interaktif dari Miles dan Huberman adalah metode analisis data yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa 1) Rencana supervisi meliputi informasi latar belakang, tujuan, sasaran, metode, waktu pelaksanaan, teknik yang digunakan, dan langkah-langkah kegiatan, sesuai dengan temuan kajian. 2) Pengawas melaksanakan supervisi akademik beberapa kali dalam sebulan dengan teknik kunjungan kelas dan observasi kelas 3) pengawas melakukan evaluasi supervisi akademik dengan menggunakan metode angket yang telah dibagikan kepada kepala sekolah dan guru. 4) Pengawas PAUD dapat menindaklanjuti dengan individu atau kelompok orang untuk pembinaan.
Implementasi Pelaksanaan Program Pengembangan Anak Usia Dini Holistik Integratif di Satuan PAUD
Authors: Hanifa Rizkha , Hartati Sofia , Nurjannah Nurjannah
Published: January 2024

Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 60 Tahun 2013 tentang Pengembangan Anak Usia Dini Holistik Integratif (PAUD-HI) menjelaskan bahwa PAUD Holistik Integratif adalah upaya pengembangan anak usia dini yang dilakukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan esensial anak yang beragam dan saling terkait secara simultan, sistematis, dan terintegrasi. Layanan stimulasi holistik mencakup layanan pendidikan, kesehatan, gizi, perawatan, pengasuhan, perlindungan dan kesejahteraan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat implementasi dari pelaksanaan program layanan PAUD Holistik Integratif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Data yang dibutuhkan dalam penelitian ini adalah data yang terkait dengan penerapan layanan PAUD-HI. Data tersebut diperoleh dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara yang dilakukan dengan Kepala Sekolah dan orangtua, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan penyelenggaraan layanan PAUD-HI di TK Negeri Pembina Lembah Melintang berjalan dengan cukup baik dan berhasil, pelaksanaannya tetap mengacu pada standar Perpres No 60 Tahun 2013. Hal ini dapat terlihat dari hasil pengumpulan data yang meliputi lima layanan dalam; pendidikan, kesehatan dan gizi, pengasuhan, perlindungan, kesejahteraan. PAUD-HI yang dapat terlaksana secara utuh dan terintegrasi dengan SDM (kepala sekolah, guru, dan orang tua) menjadi faktor pendukung keberhasilan dalam penerapan PAUD-HI.
PELATIHAN ECO ENZYME SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH
Authors: Maulida Hilma , Herwina Wiwin , Hamdan Ahmad
Published: January 2024

Kurangnya edukasi pengelolaan sampah menyebabkan sebagian besar sampah berakhir di Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA). Pengolahan sampah perlu dilakukan untuk menjaga kebersihan dan kelestarian lingkungan. Pengetahuan dalam pengolahan sampah perlu ditingkatkan agar masyarakat dapat memanfaatkan hasil pengolahan sampah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses pelatihan Eco Enzyme sebagai alternatif pengolahan sampah organik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara, serta analisis data yang digunakan melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam proses pelatihan Eco Enzyme di Bank Sampah Induk Ciamis terdapat tiga tahapan yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. Perencanaan tersebut dimulai dari perencanaan waktu, tempat, metode, media pembelajaran dan dana. Ada tiga sesi pembelajaran dalam pelaksanaannya yaitu persiapan alat dan bahan, sosialisasi tentang Eco enzim, dan praktek pembuatan Eco enzim. Tahap akhir pelatihan adalah evaluasi, dimana pada tahap ini Bank Sampah Induk Ciamis memperhatikan hasil pelatihan berupa luaran pelatihan, luaran pelatihan dan monitoring (observasi) terhadap peserta yang mengikuti pelatihan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah selain memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan praktis melalui pelatihan Eco Enzyme, juga membantu membangun kesadaran lingkungan akan pentingnya mengurangi dampak negatif sampah organik terhadap ekosistem.
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM SEKOLAH MENGAJI SEBAGAI UNGGULAN DI SMP NEGERI 2 DAYEUHKOLOT
Authors: Sahidin Didin , Nugraha Mulyawan Safwandi , Nursobah Asep
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keefektifan Program Sekolah Mengaji sebagai program unggulan di SMP. Metode penelitian yang digunakan melibatkan observasi, wawancara, dan analisis dokumen untuk mengevaluasi pelaksanaan program, dampaknya terhadap hasil belajar siswa, serta kontribusinya dalam pengembangan karakter dan nilai-nilai keagamaan. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif untuk mendapatkan pemahaman mendalam tentang keberhasilan dan tantangan yang dihadapi program ini.Temuan penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam meningkatkan pemahaman tentang pentingnya Program Sekolah Mengaji di SMP sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan pendidikan agama dan karakter siswa. Hasil analisis ini dapat menjadi dasar bagi pihak sekolah, pendidik, dan pembuat kebijakan untuk meningkatkan dan mengembangkan program-program serupa di lingkungan pendidikan formal.
El proceso formativo del Partido Socialista de Chile: estudio sobre el origen de algunas de sus definiciones fundamentales
Authors: Fernández Abara Joaquín
Published: January 2024

A través del análisis de fuentes bibliográficas, documentales, hemerográficas y de memorialistas, en este artículo de aborda el período fundacional del Partido Socialista de Chile. Se describen las diversas agrupaciones socialistas surgidas en la coyuntura 1931-1932 y se señalan las características distintivas y las actuaciones de aquellas que concurrieron en la formación del Partido Socialista en 1933. Se enfatiza en sus planteamientos y contenidos ideológicos, composición social y trayectorias militantes. También se abordan las características del Partido Socialista de Chile en sus años formativos, teniendo en cuenta sus peculiaridades y las principales orientaciones doctrinarias que pretendió darle su dirigencia. Se indica que dichas características originarias generaron un marco que constriñó sus definiciones ideológicas, así como su capacidad de recepción y adaptación de ideas y modelos internacionales con posterioridad. En este sentido, el Partido Socialista de Chile habría decantado por una opción socialista revolucionaria, crítica del modelo comunista soviético, pero conscientemente ajena a la socialdemocracia, a la vez que defensora de un nacionalismo antiimperialista latinoamericano. Esto se explicaría por el carácter vanguardista y revolucionario de las agrupaciones que le dieron origen, a la vez que por la circulación entre sus cuadros fundadores de ideas identitaristas y nacionalistas económicas latinoamericanas.
METHODICAL APPROACH TO THE CHOICE OF A BUSINESS MANAGEMENT STRATEGY WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF A CHANGE IN COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Alazzam Farouq Ahmad Faleh , Tubishat Bassam Mustafa Abdel-Rahman , Storozhuk Oksana , Poplavska Olga , Zhyvko Zinaida
Published: January 2024

The main purpose of the article is the formation of new strategies in business management with changes in commercial activities. The object of the study is the system of commercial activity and possible changes in it. The scientific task is the definition of a new methodological approach to the formation of new strategies in business management with changes in commercial activity. The research methodology involves the use of a modern method for modeling strategies in business management with changes in business activities. As a result, we presented a methodical approach to the formation of business management strategies in the face of changes in commercial activities. The author’s vision of how the stages of forming the main business management strategy through block-object-oriented modeling should look graphically and schematically was presented. Each of its blocks involves many processions and actions aimed at changes in commercial activity. The innovative novelty of our study lies in the presented methodological approach to the formation of a business management strategy within the framework of changes in commercial activity.
Time-dependent Photoionization Modeling of Warm Absorbers: High-resolution Spectra and Response to Flaring Light Curves
Authors: Sadaula Dev R. , Kallman Timothy R.
Published: January 2024

Time-dependent photoionization modeling of warm absorber (WA) outflows in active galactic nuclei can play an important role in understanding the interaction between WAs and the central black hole. The WA may be out of the equilibrium state because of the variable nature of the central continuum. In this paper, with the help of time dependent photoionization modeling, we study how the WA gas properties change with time and how it reacts to changing radiation fields. Incorporating a flaring incident light curve, we investigate the behavior of WAs using a photoionization code that simultaneously and consistently solves the time-dependent equations of level population, heating and cooling, and radiative transfer. We simulate the physical processes in the gas clouds, such as ionization, recombination, heating, cooling, and the transfer of ionizing radiation through the cloud and present high-resolution time-resolved absorption spectra. We demonstrate that time-dependent radiative transfer is important and the calculations that omit this effect quantitatively and systematically underestimate the absorption. Time-dependent photoionization models provide crucial insights into the characteristics of WAs and can be used to constrain their density and spatial distribution.
Can the Solar p-modes Contribute to the High-frequency Transverse Oscillations of Spicules?
Authors: Kuniyoshi Hidetaka , Shoda Munehito , Morton Richard J. , Yokoyama Takaaki
Published: January 2024

Lateral motions of spicules serve as vital indicators of transverse waves in the solar atmosphere, and their study is crucial for understanding the wave-heating process of the corona. Recent observations have focused on high-frequency transverse waves (periods < 100 s), which have the potential to transport sufficient energy for coronal heating. These high-frequency spicule oscillations are distinct from granular motions, which have much longer timescales of 5–10 minutes. Instead, it is proposed that they are generated through the mode conversion from high-frequency longitudinal waves that arise from a shock-steepening process. Therefore, these oscillations may not solely be produced by the horizontal buffeting motions of granulation but also by the leakage of p-mode oscillations. To investigate the contribution of p-modes, our study employs a two-dimensional magneto-convection simulation spanning from the upper convection zone to the corona. During the course of the simulation, we introduce a p-mode-like driver at the bottom boundary. We reveal a notable increase in the mean velocity amplitude of the transverse oscillations in spicules, ranging from 10%–30%, and attribute this to the energy transfer from longitudinal to transverse waves. This effect results in an enhancement of the estimated energy flux by 30%–80%.
Modeling Cassini UVIS Interplanetary Hydrogen Lyα Observations from 1999 to 2017
Authors: Pryor Wayne R. , Gladstone G. Randall , Retherford Kurt D. , Tobiska W. Kent , Holsclaw Gregory M. , Esposito Larry W.
Published: January 2024

The Cassini Orbiter Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) obtained interplanetary hydrogen Lyα observations from 1999 to 2017, with mid-2004 to 2017 observations obtained from Saturn orbit. During its Saturn orbital phase, the spacecraft moved from mostly downwind and sidewind in the heliosphere to upwind. We analyze the full set of observations with our existing hot hydrogen density model with a solar illumination model most recently used to study Solar and Heliospheric Observatory Solar Wind Anisotropy Experiment data and selected Cassini UVIS observations from 2003 to 2004. We find general agreement between data and model, but with evidence for a decline in UVIS Lyα sensitivity, with a significant decline in 2002 June during a starburn event and an overall roughly linear decline in sensitivity. While earlier work by Pryor et al. fit the UVIS Lyα data from 2003 to 2004 with a hydrogen density in the outer heliosphere (but after filtration at outer heliospheric boundaries) of 0.085 cm−3 using the UVIS laboratory sensitivity calibration, including the sensitivity decline found here leads to a revised hydrogen density estimate of n
H = 0.14 ± 0.03 cm−3. This density estimate is consistent with a recent neutral hydrogen density estimate near the termination shock of 0.127 ± 0.015 cm−3 based on models of observations of pick-up hydrogen ions from the New Horizons spacecraft.
Systematic Search for Water Fountain Candidates Using the Databases of Circumstellar Maser Sources
Authors: Fan 范 Haichen 海辰 , Nakashima 中岛 Jun-ichi 淳一 , Engels D. , Zhang 张 Yong 泳 , Qiu 邱 Jian-Jie 建杰 , Feng 冯 Huan-Xue 焕雪 , Xie 谢 Jia-Yong 嘉泳 , Imai 今 Hiroshi 井裕 , Hsia 夏 Chih-Hao 志浩
Published: January 2024

Water fountains (WFs) are thought to be objects in the morphological evolution of the circumstellar envelopes of low- and intermediate-mass evolved stars, transitioning from spherically symmetric to asymmetric shapes. We used databases of circumstellar 1612 MHz OH and 22.235 GHz H2O maser sources to search for new WF candidates using the criterion of a larger velocity range of the H2O maser emission compared to that of the OH maser emission. Thus, it is in principle possible to identify WFs with H2O velocity ranges smaller than those for the previously known WFs. For the OH maser line, we analyzed database entries of 8474 observations from 2195 sources, and 6085 observations from 3642 sources for the H2O maser line. After a close examination of the velocity ranges and line profiles, we identified 11 sources that meet the criterion mentioned above. We examined the IRAS colors of the selected sources and found that two of them (IRAS 19069+0916 and IRAS 19319+2214) are in the color region for post-AGB stars. We find that the maser velocity criterion can discover other astrophysically interesting objects than just WFs. Such objects may include peculiar planetary nebulae with maser emissions and stellar merger remnants.
First documentation on herpetofauna diversity in Gunung Belumut Amenity Forest, Peninsular Malaysia: Implications for conservation in an Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA)
Authors: Ramli Farah Farhana , Munian Kaviarasu , Mahyudin Nur Aina Amira , Othman Nursyuhada , Haris Hidayah , Abdullah-Fauzi Nurfatiha Akmal Fawwazah , Sariyati Nur Hartini , Ilham-Norhakim Mohd Lokman , Abdul-Latiff Muhammad Abu Bakar
Published: January 2024

Malaysia is blessed with lush tropical rainforests that harbour an exceptional diversity of amphibians and reptiles. However, compared to other animal groups, amphibians and reptiles have received limited attention in research, despite their ecological significance. With amphibians and reptile species having been declining rapidly due to anthropogenic activities, there is a pressing need to conserve these species and their habitats. Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs) are designated regions that are beneficial due to their critical role in providing essential ecosystem services and serving as repositories of biodiversity. Nonetheless, the classification of ESAs in Malaysia lacks biological elements and only focuses on physical attributes. To enhance the current ESA classification framework by integrating biological components, there is an urgent need to obtain information on diversity and habitat in Malaysia. Therefore, the objectives of this study were twofold: to determine the diversity of amphibians and reptiles in Gunung Belumut Amenity Forest and to conduct a comparative analysis between the herpetofauna assemblages in Gunung Belumut with other forest reserves in Peninsular Malaysia. The survey was carried out between March and June 2022, with additional sampling conducted in February 2023. The Visual Encounter Survey (VES) and pitfall trap methods were employed to survey the herpetofauna species, focusing on both aquatic and terrestrial habitats within the study area. A total of 210 individuals representing 38 species of herpetofauna were recorded, comprising 18 amphibian and 20 reptile species. Amongst the observed species, Limnonectes blythii was the most frequently encountered amphibian, with 59 individuals observed, while the dominant reptile species was Cyrtodactylus consobrinus, represented by eight individuals. This pioneering study serves as a vital baseline documentation of the amphibian and reptile assemblages in Gunung Belumut Amenity Forest. It provides valuable information for identifying extant herpetofauna species, including those of potential conservation concern or rarity. These findings contribute to ongoing conservation efforts dedicated to the preservation of herpetofauna within the region. By understanding the diversity and distribution patterns of amphibians and reptiles in Gunung Belumut, effective conservation strategies can be developed to protect these species and their habitats.
Checklist of digeneans (Platyhelminthes, Trematoda, Digenea) of Georgia
Authors: Arabuli Lela , Murvanidze Lali , Faltynkova Anna , Mumladze Levan
Published: January 2024

In the present study, we aim to provide an inventory of digenetic trematodes (Platyhelminthes, Trematoda, Digenea) from Georgia including records from the freshwater, marine and terrestrial realms. The checklist is based on a critical review of data from 109 papers, 11 monographs and four Ph.D. theses published between 1935 and 2019 and our new records. The checklist includes information on synonymy, the host species, site of infection, geographical distribution and bibliographical references. The present data will serve as a baseline for further studies on trematodes from Georgia focused on integrative taxonomy, life-cycle elucidation, parasite ecology and epidemiology.

We compiled data on the digenean trematode fauna of Georgia, which is represented by 186 species (of these 173 identified to species level) belonging to 108 genera, 47 families and 17 superfamilies. This is the first checklist of the digeneans of Georgia. The majority of digenean species were recorded as adults (160 species), only a small fraction being found as cercariae (33 species) or metacercariae (24 species), in their first or second intermediate hosts, respectively. Predominantly, records of trematodes (62 species) from birds were found, followed by those parasitising fish (50 species, i.e. 32 species as adults and 18 as metacercariae), mammals (33 species) and amphibians (25 species, i.e. 23 species as adults and 2 as metacercariae), with the least number of species reported from reptiles (12 species, i.e. 9 species as adults and 3 as metacercariae). Adult digeneans recorded together with another life-cycle stage (metacercariae and/or cercariae) comprised 28 species, i.e. for 15% of the total trematode species number, a part of their life-cycle is known.
Phylogenetic systematics of the enigmatic genus Horologion Valentine, 1932 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae, Horologionini), with description of a new species from Bath County, Virginia
Authors: Harden Curt W. , Davidson Robert L. , Malabad Thomas E. , Caterino Michael S. , Maddison David R.
Published: January 2024

HorologionValentine, one of the rarest and most enigmatic carabid beetle genera in the world, was until now known only from the holotype ofHorologion speokoitesValentine, discovered in 1931 in a small cave in West Virginia. A single specimen of a new species from Virginia was collected in 1991, but overlooked until 2018. DNA sequence data from specimens of this new species,Horologion hubbardisp. nov., collected in 2022 and 2023, as well as a critical examination of the external morphology of both species, allow us to confidently placeHorologionin the supertribe Trechitae, within a clade containing Bembidarenini and Trechini. A more specific placement as sister to the Gondwanan Bembidarenini is supported by DNA sequence data. Previous hypotheses placingHorologionin or near the tribes Anillini, Tachyini, Trechini, Patrobini, and Psydrini are rejected. The existence of two species ofHorologionon opposite sides of the high mountains of the middle Appalachians suggests that these mountains are where the ancestralHorologionpopulations dispersed from, and predicts the discovery of additional populations and species. All specimens ofH. hubbardiwere collected in or near drip pools, and most were found dead, suggesting that the terrestrial epikarst, rather than caves, is the true habitat ofHorologion, which explains their extreme rarity since epikarst has not been directly sampled. We recognize the tribe Horologionini, a relict lineage without any close relatives known in the Northern Hemisphere, and an important part of Appalachian biodiversity.
La dystopie politique
Authors: de Mijolla-Mellor Sophie
Published: January 2024

La dystopie politique nous ramène à la quête de perfection dans l’organisation de l’État et, comme toute quête de cette espèce, elle signe l’action de la pulsion de mort sous la forme du travail entropique de la purification de ses membres. La dystopie est avant tout une mise en garde contre le danger que représente l’utopie, trop belle pour être vraie, ce dont on risque de ne s’aviser que quand il est trop tard.
L’illusion complotiste
Authors: Milleur Yannick
Published: January 2024

La culture complotiste est un phénomène de société majeur, exponentiel et hybride. Nous essaierons de montrer comment cette nébuleuse tient sur une illusion qui articule le collectif et l’individuel. Elle se présente comme un système complexe polymorphe, dans lequel les dimensions persécutoire, mystique et perverse se combinent contre le retour des parties dépressives et mélancoliformes. L’illusion complotiste est préreligieuse et évolue comme une névrose universelle. Elle est vectrice de régression et en quête d’un lead fort pour réorganiser l’avenir.
Les dystopies : un besoin de sens chez les adolescents ?
Authors: Ikiz Simruy
Published: January 2024

De nos jours, nous constatons une recrudescence des séries télévisées et des films qui adaptent les œuvres dystopiques. Ces œuvres sont grandement appréciées par les adolescents et les jeunes adultes. Après avoir questionné le besoin de sens et de vérité chez l’individu l’autrice étudie dans quelle mesure les récits dystopique permettent au sujet de penser aux réalités interne et externe. Elle étudie par la suite la spécificité de l’œuvre dystopique vis-à-vis d’autres formes de narrations : les utopies, les mythes et les conte de fées. Enfin, l’autrice questionne dans quelle mesure les récits dystopiques peuvent contribuer au processus de différenciation lors de l’adolescence, en proposant un espace de contenance pour des angoisses principales du processus adolescent, en permettant une extraterritorialité de la pensée et en nourrissant les capacités de rêverie et de figuration.
L’insoutenable pesanteur du réel
Authors: Rubiliani Claudio
Published: January 2024

Notre monde virtualisé estompe la frontière entre le réel et l’imaginaire. Ce contexte angoissant favorise l’émergence de néo-totalitarismes. Ceux-ci, tel le wokisme, essaient d’imposer leur dogme et leurs normes par des stratégies éprouvées : détournement ou rejet des données scientifiques, telle la fallacieuse théorie du genre, réécriture de l’Histoire, violences psychiques et physiques de la « cancel culture ». Par leur vulnérabilité, les adolescents constituent la cible principale et les premières victimes de cette dictature du fantasme.
De la pulsion de genre
Authors: Sédat Jacques
Published: January 2024

En 1905, Freud identifie une série de pulsions distinctes qui émergent successivement tout au long des premières étapes de la vie du nourrisson et de l'enfant. Ces pulsions, chacune ayant son caractère propre, laissent toutes leur empreinte dans le processus de développement du corps et de l'esprit. Parmi ces pulsions, la première à se manifester est la pulsion de genre, souvent négligée dans les erreurs de la traduction . Cependant, ne pourrait-on pas envisager que cette pulsion de genre refasse surface dans notre réalité contemporaine ? À une époque où les questions liées à l'identité de genre et à l'expression de soi suscitent un vif débat. Il semble pertinent de réexaminer l'influence de cette pulsion originère et de son rôle potentiel dans la dynamique actuelle de la société.
Associations of Near Work, Time Outdoors, and Sleep Duration With Myopic Regression 5 Years After SMILE and FS-LASIK: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Xu Yushan , Han Yu , Lv Xiaotong , Li Jiayu , Zhai Changbin , Zhang Fengju
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

To investigate the association of near work, time outdoors, and sleep duration with myopic regression 5 years after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser–assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) .

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included patients who received SMILE or FS-LASIK at Beijing Tongren Hospital 5 years ago. The patients underwent ophthalmic examinations including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, subjective refraction, slit-lamp examination, keratometry, corneal topography, optical coherence tomography, and fundus examination from January 2020 to March 2023. Fluorescein break-up time was measured and the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire was completed to exclude dry eye. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on near work exposure, physical activities, and sleep duration.

Results:

A total of 323 eyes were included in the analysis, with a 5-year incidence rate of myopic regression after SMILE or FSLASIK of 16.1%. After adjusted for all confounders, total near work more than 8 hours/day revealed a significant association with myopic regression (odds ratio: 2.461; 95% CI: 1.143 to 5.298,
P
= .021), particularly in younger adults, women, and patients with high myopia and FS-LASIK treatment. The significant association between sleep duration 8 hours/day or more and myopic regression was restricted to women and patients with FS-LASIK (near significant). However, no significant associations were observed between continuous near work or time outdoors and myopic regression.

Conclusions:

Excessive near work exposure was associated with greater myopic regression 5 years after SMILE or FS-LASIK. It is crucial to maintain good visual behavior and care for preventing regression after SMILE or FS-LASIK, especially for younger patients and eyes with high myopia.

[

J Refract Surg

.
2024;40(1):e10–e19.]
Approximation of functions in a certain Banach space by some generalized singular integrals
Authors: Krasniqi Xhevat Z.
Published: January 2024

We introduced the $ q $-Picard, the $ q $-Picard-Cauchy, the $ q $-Gauss-Weierstrass, and the $ q $-truncated Picard singular integrals. Using the last three mentioned integrals, the orders of approximation for functions from a generalized Hölder space were determined, both in the $ L^{p} $-norm and in the generalized Hölder-norm.