bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sella, an open-source automation-friendly molecular saddle point optimizer
Authors: Hermes Eric , Sargsyan Khachik , Najm Habib , Zádor Judit
Published: April 2022

We present a new algorithm for the optimization of molecular structures to saddle points on the potential energy surface using a redundant internal coordinate system. This algorithm automates the procedure of defining the internal coordinate system, including the handling of linear bending angles, e.g. through the addition of dummy atoms. Additionally, the algorithm supports constrained optimization using the null-space sequential quadratic programming formalism. Our algorithm determines the direction of the reaction coordinate through iterative diagonalization of the Hessian matrix, and does not require evaluation of the full Hessian matrix. Geometry optimization steps are chosen using the restricted step partitioned rational function optimization method, and displacements are realized using a high-performance geodesic stepping algorithm. This results in a robust and efficient optimization algorithm suitable for use in automated frameworks. We have implemented our algorithm in Sella, an open source software package designed to optimize atomic systems to saddle point structures. We also introduce a new benchmark test comprising 500 molecular structures that approximate saddle point geometries in order to enable comparison of the performance of different saddle point optimization algorithms.
Mechanical and corrosion characteristics of 6061-T6 Aluminum alloy samples reinforced with alumina micro and nanoparticles fabricated by Friction Stir Processing
Authors: Karami Ramin , Abdollahi Mir Ali Asghar
Published: April 2022

The present study investigates the mechanical and corrosion properties of reinforced 6061-T6 Aluminum samples after friction stir processing. Three different composites are fabricated: one without any powder and the others with micrometer and nanometer alumina powder ({Al}_2O_3) as reinforcing particles. The hardness, tensile, and Potentiodynamic polarization tests are performed to compare the new samples with the base metal. The results show that friction stir processing has increased the tensile and ultimate strength of the composites by an average of 181 % compared to the base metal. The strength of the composites with additives is significantly affected by the size of the particles. The hardness of the processed samples has also increased compared to the base metal by 200 %. Despite these enhancements, corrosion resistance of new samples has decreased, which can be due to the numerous dislocations in the stress-induced stir zone, creating lattice deformations and causing the breakdown of the passive protective layer. The analysis of fracture surface topography through a Fractography method revealed a specific anaglyph consisting of dimples of various shapes, sizes, and dispersion and further confirmed the tensile test results.
Silyl formates as hydrosilane surrogates for the transfer hydrosilylation of ketones
Authors: Romero R. Martin , Thyagarajan Neethu , Hellou Nora , Chauvier Clément , Godou Timothé , Anthore-Dalion Lucile , Cantat Thibault
Published: April 2022

A transfer hydrosilylation of ketones employing silyl formates as hydrosilanes surrogates under mild conditions is presented. A total of 24 examples of ketones have been successfully converted to their corresponding silyl ethers with 61-99% yield in the presence of a PNHP-based ruthenium catalyst and silyl formate reagent. The crucial role of the ligand for the transformation is demonstrated.
Disruptions Are Expected to Persist, Prompting Some Firms to Rethink Supply Chain Management
Authors: Dunn Julianne
Published: April 2022

Despite business leaders' expectations that supply chain challenges would have subsided by now, supply chains remain disrupted, in some cases to an even greater degree than earlier in the pandemic. The sources of the disruption reportedly vary from firm to firm and product to product, and they also change from week to week, but business contacts and analysts have argued that limited labor supply, port congestion and other transportation bottlenecks, and strong demand for goods each play a role.
How Do Banks Respond to Capital Regulation? — The Impact of the Basel III Reforms in the United States
Authors: Fritsch Nicholas , Siedlarek Jan-Peter
Published: April 2022

Understanding banks' responses to capital regulation is essential for regulators to use this key tool of modern banking regulation effectively. We study how and when US banks responded to changes to the way capital ratios are measured, changes that were introduced as part of the adoption of Basel III. We find that small banks — those below USD 10bn — responded neither before nor after the release of the new rules to the change in measured capital they experienced under the new rules. In contrast, we show that regional banks — those with total assets between USD 10bn and USD 50bn — adjusted their capital ratios to partially compensate for the changes resulting from the new rules: On average, if a bank's capital ratio when measured under the new rules was lower than under the old rules, then the bank took steps to increase its capital ratio, compared to a bank whose capital ratio did not change with the new rules. This adjustment took place prior to the publication of the specific language applicable to US banks, suggesting that the changes were largely expected by that time. Both groups of banks responded in the periods following the release of the new US rules in relation to their exposure to mortgage servicing rights, suggesting that the severe treatment of this asset class was not expected. The bank responses we estimate take place well before the Basel III rules started to come into force after 2014, emphasizing the importance of policy announcements in shaping bank behavior.
Analysis and Comparative Study of POS Tagging Techniques for National (Urdu) Language and other Regional Languages of Pakistan
Authors: Rajper Rahmat Ali , Samina Rajper Samina Rajper , Maitlo Abdullah , Nabi Ghulam
Published: April 2022

Defining algorithms and techniques to enable computers to understand human language is the Natural Language Processing (NLP), which is an integral part of speech recognition. Parts of Speech (POS) is considered as one of the well understood problems of Natural Language Processing, in which natural language words and sentence are tagged or assigned grammatical classes, because tagging a single word by human hand is a time consuming and tedious job. To automate the tagging job is the way to automate the lexicons of the text of a language. Many of the languages are enriched with their POS tagging systems. Pakistani regional languages are less developed due to the many reasons and much of the work is needed in POS tagging system. Some of the regional languages have their POS tagging systems but still they need some more attention to refine their system. Some of the languages need to develop from the scratch. Balochi language has no any POS tagging system. This study presents the comparative analysis of POS tagging approaches for the national language (Urdu) and other regional languages of Pakistan. The approaches and their data sets used and their reported results are presented here
THE USE OF ARABINOGALACTAN IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TABLETS WITH DIHYDROQUERCETIN
Authors: Ahmad A. Sayed , A.N. Vorobyov , N.I. Sinitsyna , R.A. Abramovich , O.G. Potanina
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The possibility of using arabinogalactan in the preparation of oral tablets based on the natural bioflavonoid dihydroquercetin has been shown. The composition and technology of tablets using the wet granulation method has been developed. The quantitative content of dihydroquercetin in tablets was determined by HPLC.
Aim. Development the composition and technology of dihydroquercetin tablets for oral administration using arabinogalactan.
STUDYING THE RELATIONSHIP OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS WITH THE LEVEL OF ADHERENCE TO TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GASTRITIS
Authors: S.A. Smakotina , T.O. Kolmogorova
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Aim: to study the relationship between the level of adherence to treatment of patients with chronic gastritis and psychological characteristics and the severity of stress.
Materials and methods. 302 patients with chronic gastritis (CG) were examined, which, de-pending on the level of adherence to treatment, were included in 4 groups: group 1 - 96 patients with HG associated with H.pylori (HP); in group 2 - 110 patients with chronic hepatitis not associated with HP. In patients of these groups, the compliance level was observed to be high. Group 3 was formed from 36 patients with CG associated with HP who refused treatment (low compliance), in group 4 - 60 patients diagnosed with CG associated with HP, who partially complied with the doctor's recommendations (moderate compliance). The data of the life history were analyzed, in particular, they were interviewed for the influence of stressful situations in everyday life and in the process of professional activity.
The degree of adherence to treatment was assessed using the Davydov Compliance Questionnaire, anxiety levels (personal and situational) were determined using the Spielberger-Khanin questionnaire, anxiety and depression levels were determined using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). A correlation analysis was carried out to identify associations be-tween the level of patient’s adherence to treatment with the severity of the effect of stress factors on them and indicators of psychological status.
Results. It was established that the maximum result of treatment - a high degree of eradication of the causative agent of CG was observed in patients of the first group. These patients fully complied with the recommendations of the doctor, at the same time, they were characterized by a lower frequency of exposure to stress. The minimum result of treatment was typical for pa-tients of the third group, which was due to their extremely low compliance.
At the same time, these patients noted a high frequency of the influence of stress factors, at the same time they had relatively low levels of anxiety, assessed by the Spielberger and HADS questionnaires. The presence of statistically significant negative correlations of the average strength of the compliance level with the frequency of exposure to stressful life situations and professional stress, as well as positive associations of the compliance level with anxiety indica-tors, was established.
Conclusion. The implementation of a set of measures, including correctly organized support for a patient with chronic gastritis, methods of psychological support based on the psychological characteristics of the patient, can increase the adherence of patients to the treatment, which, in turn, increases the frequency of effective eradication of Helicobacter pylori.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE DESIGN OF A STUDY TO DETERMINE THE EFFICIENCY AND SAFETY OF INNOVATIVE DRUG
Authors: G.E. Brkich , N.V. Pyatigorskaya , V.S. Kargin , O.A. Zyryanov
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The review is devoted to the development of a plan for conducting research on an innovative drug, which will allow timely assessment of its effectiveness and safety, and study of its pharmacological and toxic properties. These data will be used to determine the initial safe dose and dose range for clinical studies, as well as to establish parameters for clinical monitoring of potential adverse effects. The aim of this study is to develop a study design to determine the efficacy and safety of an innovative drug. The development of drug study design was carried out using information and analytical materials and methods.
Preclinical studies are carried out according to the developed plan with the introduction of the study protocol and the preparation of a report containing the results of this study, which are used later to conclude on the possibility of conducting clinical studies. Serious adverse clinical and preclinical effects may affect the continuation of clinical development. One of the most significant sections of preclinical studies is the assessment of the specific activity of an innovative drug. In order to determine the feasibility of conducting and designing additional non-clinical and/or clinical studies, these data should be considered as part of the overall clinical development plan. The results of these studies, along with an assessment of the physicochemical, immunochemical properties, potential toxicity, immunogenicity and immunological safety, are the basis for deciding whether it is possible to conduct further clinical trials of an innovative drug for the purpose of its state registration.
The decision to conduct further clinical studies is based on the results obtained in preclinical studies of the medicinal product.
IMPACT OF SARS-COV-2 INFECTION ON THE COURSE AND PROGNOSIS OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Authors: N.G. Lozhkina , O.I. Gushchina , O.M. Parkhomenko
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Relevance. The COVID-19 pandemic has been a significant challenge for the entire medical community for the third year in a row. The increased risk of mortality in patients with concomitant cardiovascular diseases requires increased attention to this category of patients.
Purpose of the study. To show the features of the course and prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome and concomitant new coronavirus infection.
Characteristics of patients and research methods. Examination and treatment of 150 patients with ACS and a new coronavirus infection (NCI) admitted to the regional vascular center of the State Budgetary Institution of Healthcare of the NSO City Clinical Hospital No. 1 was carried out. The comparison group consisted of 40 patients without a history of NCI. The relationship between the severity of the course, clinical and laboratory parameters, comorbidity in patients with acute myocardial infarction and SARS-CoV-2 infection was assessed.
Results. The main group combined with novel coronavirus infection tended to have higher comorbidity rates. Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection was observed in 35% of cases. An increase in the levels of inflammatory markers CRP, ferritin, troponin, correlated with the severity of the course, was noted. The presence of concomitant novel coronavirus infection was associated with increased mortality among patients with acute coronary syndrome.
Conclusion. The data obtained demonstrate the need for further fundamental research and a targeted study of the course of NCI associated with cardiovascular pathology in order to develop new approaches that can affect more subtle mechanisms in order to influence prognosis and reduce mortality.
ASSESSMENT OF THE ACID-BASE STATE OF ARTERIAL BLOOD DEPENDING ON THE DEGREE OF MORBID OBESITY IN PATIENTS IN BARIATRIC SURGERY
Authors: N.G. Ershov , L.N. Aleksandrova
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The work is devoted to the study of indicators of the acid-base state of arterial blood depending on the degree of morbid obesity in patients who were to undergo surgical bariatric interventions in 2012-2021. The study included 61 patients, whose age ranged from 22 to 69 years, body mass index from 40 to 91 kg/m2. The patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the degree of morbid obesity: group 1 - 20 patients with body mass index ≥ 40 (grade 3); group 2 - 25 patients with body mass index ≥ 50 (grade 4); group 3 - 16 patients with body mass index ≥ 60 (grade 5). Based on the data obtained, it was found that the acid-base state of arterial blood indicates the presence in patients with morbid obesity of pronounced changes in the direction of respiratory and metabolic acidosis with an increase in lactate, glucose, which significantly reduce the compensatory capabilities of the body. All studied indicators of the acid-base state of arterial blood in patients of group 1 tended to worsen. In patients of groups 2 and 3, the parameters of the acid-base state of arterial blood significantly worsen with an increase in the degree of morbid obesity. The maximum disruption of the acid-base state of arterial blood was found in patients with a body mass index ≥ 60.
PREVALENCE OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS AMONG CHILDREN LIVING IN THE ODINTSO CITY DISTRICT OF THE MOSCOW REGION
Authors: P.V. Berezhansky , L.B. Shubin , N.P. Chuprikova
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common diseases in children. There are not many modern data on the prevalence and incidence of AR in children, and therefore it is difficult to form strategies aimed at prevention at an early age. In turn, information deficiency causes a low level of allergic alertness among doctors regarding the implementation of AR in children and leads to an increase in the number of patients with AR with late diagnoses, as well as a decrease in the quality of life of patients and their families, which has significant socio-economic consequences. The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of AR among children living in the Odintsovo urban district of the Moscow region. In the conditions of the polyclinic, 61204 cards of children for 2017-2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the data obtained, the following statistical indicators were calculated: gender and age composition of patients with AR, incidence, prevalence for specific annual indicators and age groups. At the time of the retrospective analysis, 946 children were diagnosed with AR, including Asthma and AR in 294 children, hay fever in 317 children, isolated AR in 335 children. In 2020, the incidence was 12.67 per 1000 children, and the prevalence was 126.91 per 1000 children, these Fig.s are increasing annually. The incidence in different age categories, namely 6-7 years and 8-12 years, is higher than the average prevalence in the district and with the growing population, the incidence increases. Our data on the prevalence of AR in the Odintsovo urban district have some overlap with the data on the prevalence in the Russian Federation and in the world, but meanwhile, on average, they are still underestimated than according to ISAAC data and have a wide variation in different age categories, which requires further study. on additional samples of children in the region.
POSSIBILITIES OF GLUCOSE-LOWERING THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS COMPLICATED BY CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Authors: O.B. Poselyugina , L.N. Korichkina , E.A. Kryukova
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Nowadays diabetes mellitus is a socially significant non-infectious disease with epidemic growth of prevalence. Over the past four years there has been a 0.17% increase in the number of patients with diabetes in Russian Federation. According to the data for 2021, 3.23% of population suffer from diabetes, 92.5% of those has type 2 diabetes. Chronic course of diabetes is associated with the development of complications from target organs, among them the most common is diabetic nephropathy, which ranks second in frequency of occurrence, which is about 18.4%. Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by a variety of pathomorphological and pathophysiological changes in the renal tissue based on development of glomerulosclerosis. Prolonged functioning of kidneys filtering system in conditions of hyperglycemia leads to the chronic kidney disease development. Occurrence of this complication increases the risk of cardiovascular accidents in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Over time, chronic kidney disease in absence of appropriate treatment leads to development of terminal renal failure, which requires the use of renal replacement therapy. In this connection, prescription of appropriate antidiabetic therapy, competence of primary health care specialists (general practitioners, endocrinologists) in issues of modern appropriate antidiabetic therapy possibilities in chronic kidney disease conditions will allow to stop the process of disease progression and postpone the beginning of renal replacement therapy as much as possible. The article presents a review of modern Russian and foreign medical literature, concerning the aspects of glucose-lowering therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with diabetic nephropathy complicated by chronic kidney disease.
"ORGANS-ON-A-CHIP": EVALUATION OF APPLICATION PERSPECTIVES IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
Authors: А.А. Khalimova , A.V. Kovalenko , G.V. Paramonov
Published: April 2022

Abstract. This article is dedicated to organ-on-chip, the possibility of its application in preclinical research (PR) and perspectives of this application. Organ-on-Chip is a system that combines 3D cell culture and microfluidic systems technologies. It's a model of a human organ on which real processes of the body can be simulated. Already at the stage of PR chip-based research methods should give a realistic picture of application of the drug under development. As of today, the following types of organs-on-a-chip are known: lung-on-a-chip, liver-on-a-chip, heart-on-a-chip, and human-on-a-chip. The technology differs, but there are certain common features - a microarchitecture of human organs is created on a plastic plate (polydimethylsiloxane, polystyrene, polycarbonate, etc.) by lithography or layer-by-layer printing and sensors are implanted. The tubules or wells are then populated with live cells of human tissues (liver, intestines, lungs, heart, etc.), which remain viable for about one month. When multi-component chips are created, cells from different organs create a matrix and begin to interact as in a living organism, which allows the simulation of organs much more accurately than 2D-cultures of cells. It is too early to talk about full-fledged replacement of animals with chips in PR, but from ethical and practical points of view this technology will help bring drug development to a new level. To date, the following companies offer their developments on the market: the German company TissUse (HUMIMIC), the American company Emulate (Zoë-CM2™) and the British biotechnology company Kirkstall Ltd (Quasi Vivo®).
COVID-19: PANDEMIC ERA BETWEEN "ASIA AND EUROPE"
Authors: P.P. Choudhari , Z. Gulmira
Published: April 2022

Annotation: Covid -19-Covid 19 is a new viral infection that has a number of features, such as rapid spread rate, high mortality rate, significant social and economic consequences that destroy the usual way of life
This article aimed at studying the basic differences in the pandemic era of both the continental (Europe and Asia) regions such as outbreak, vaccines, vaccine priorities, lockdown methodologies and use the same experience for solving upcoming pandemic crisis. Studying comparison of the numbers of cases and deaths due to SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 showed that people in Central Europe are much more affected than people in East Asia that estimated to occur because of differences in (ACE2) receptor expression and mutations in the virus itself.
These general differences between the pandemic era of both Europe and Asia could be differentially studied under the 4 hypotheses.
According to the study it was discovered that the pandemic crisis among the European nations were more severe than that of the Asian countries because of the delayed responses and lately imposed lockdowns and safety precautions. This was the reason why Europe faced hurdles while tackling the global virus.
TOPOGRAPHIC RELATIONSHIPS OF MORPHOLOGICALLY HETEROGENEOUS ORGANS IN REACTIONS TO DEPLETED URANIUM
Authors: Z.A. Vorontsova , A.S. Alekhina
Published: April 2022

Annotation: Researches of the effect of radionuclides on the human body remain relevant up to date. Their effect of penetrating the body is characterized by involvement of numerous systems of human body. The causal significance of the effects of depleted uranium exposure has not been specifically defined, however, people who live in zones of armed conflict, as well as armed forces personnel, had health problems of "unknown origin", and with remote symptomatic etiology. The risk of possible exposure is also may appear when manufacture of nose spikes for armor piercers and atomic energetics products. In view of these perspectives, depleted uranium, which used in various types of weapons, has been considered as the cause of complaints. Acute uranium intoxication is appeared in polytropic effect that is apparently depended on the resistance of the body. Getting into the internal milieu, depleted uranium exhibits radiation effect of exposure followed by alpha particles radiation. Long-term consequences after oral incorporation of depleted uranium with drinking water are matters of particular interest.
The study purpose is defined by assessing of morphofunctional state of the trachea and thyroid gland, united by topographic proximity and different by morphological heterogeneity, upon one month after a single oral incorporation of an aqueous solution of depleted uranium oxides.
General histological and histochemical staining methods on thin paraffin slices have been performed for studying on morphological and functional state of the trachea and thyroid gland
The results of the morphological and statistical analysis of the trachea wall upon staining with hematoxylin and eosin revealed changes in the structural components that determined deformation of its functionality a month after oral incorporation of an aqueous solution of depleted uranium oxides. Morphological diagnosis was characterized by a change thickness of the epithelial layer, its multi-rowed structure, the cellular composition of the epithelium, and the loss of special organelles. Modifying effect of depleted uranium is also extended to the glandular epithelium with exposure of secretory segments hypertrophy and excretory ducts. There was revealed the diffuse lymphocyte infiltration of the tracheal membranes and formation of lymph nodules. Histochemical analysis of hormone formation in the thyroid gland has demonstrated a change in the ratio of follicles according to the degree of iodization of colloid amino acids with accurate predomination of non-iodized amino acids of irregular shape with accurate smaller diameter against target parameters, with flat or low cubic epithelium, indicating a decrease of gland functionality.
The bioeffect of depleted uranium, independently from organ implementation and tissue organization, was prolonged indicating a functional inability.
THE INFLUENCE OF CULTIVATION CONDITIONS OF ALOE ARBORESCENS ON QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITIONS BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS
Authors: F.A. Stasiuk , N.V. Nesterova , N.V. Biryukova
Published: April 2022

Annotation: There are a number of medicinal plants on the Russian pharmaceutical market, which, despite their widespread use as official pharmacopoeial raw materials, do not have objective standardization methods. The composition of biologically active compounds (BAC) in these objects has not been fully studied, there is no information on the effect of cultivation conditions on the yield of various compounds. Aloe arborescens belongs to this raw material. Anthroquinone derivatives, polysaccharides, flavonoids were found in the leaves and lateral shoots of aloe. The presence of a predominant number of groups of malic and oxalic acids is also known. The actual problem is to evaluate the influence of cultivation conditions on the qualitative composition and quantitative content of organic acids in the raw material of Aloe arborescens.
The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of cultivation conditions on the qualitative composition of organic acids and the quantitative yield of the sum of organic acids and polyphenolic compounds in Aloe arborescens leaves.
Materials and methods: Objects: samples of raw materials made from the leaves of three plants of Aloe arborescens, distributed according to the method of care and the introduction of fertilizers; plant cultivation time was 4 weeks. To study the qualitative composition of the studied raw materials, the thin layer chromatography (TLC) method was used; samples of malic, citric and oxalic acids were used in the control. The study of the quantitative composition of organic acids and polyphenolic compounds in the studied samples was carried out using the methods of alkalimetric titration and UV spectrophotometry.
Results: The investigation of the chemical composition of the aboveground organs of Aloe arborescens revealed the predominance of organic acids in the leaves, which leads to their active use in medicine. When studying the results of TLC, the largest amount of organic acids was found in the leaves of a plant grown under conditions of a reduced amount of watering, and the presence of malic, oxalic and citric acids in each of the samples of raw materials. The obtained results in quantitative analysis indicate the predominance of organic acids (1.24%) and polyphenolic compounds (5.37%) in the leaves of the plant cultivated by the soil drought method.
Conclusion: it is advisable to use aloe leaves grown under soil drought conditions to obtain the maximum amount of biologically active compounds.
COMMUNICATIVE FACTORS OF MEDICAL ERRORS
Authors: O.I. Vorobyova , E.M. Zotova , G.M. Repnitsyn
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Medical errors are an actual medical and social problem. More and more doctors are retiring from medical work due to psychoemotional stress associated with numerous complaints from patients and their relatives, which often reach court proceedings. The patient takes care of his health and expects understanding, attention and kind attitude from the doctor. The doctor should pay attention not only to the therapeutic and diagnostic practice, but also to the psychoemotional state of the patient. Currently, the authoritarian type of interaction between the doctor and the patient has been replaced by the dialogic type, which implies equality of the parties, which is the key to quality medical care. There are two main approaches to the study of the causes of medical errors. One of them considers a personal approach to the personality of the doctor, and focuses on his incorrect work with the patient. In this case, the analysis of the negative personal qualities of the practitioner is carried out. The systematic approach focuses on the factors surrounding the doctor. The analysis of medical errors using both approaches allows you to get the most complete information. Misunderstandings between medical professionals also lead to medical errors. It is especially important to exclude this factor during surgical interventions. Another problem is the process of the doctor's awareness of the error, while both external and internal factors should not prevent this. Thus, the problems of doctor - patient communication, doctor - medical staff are extremely important for successful medical practice. Compliance with the rules of communication and interaction in medical practice is the key to proper and fruitful work.
THE ROLE OF THE GENETIC MARKER rs10824026 SYNPO2L IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE
Authors: V.N. Maksimov , N.G. Lozhkina , E.A. Stapheeva , O.A. Parkhomenko , V.V. Bezruchko , N.Sh. Safarova , P.P. Lozhkin
Published: April 2022

Annotation: Вackground. Atrial fibrillation increases the risk of death by 5 times. The search for new genetic markers of risk will make it possible to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
Purpose of the study. To identify the most significant molecular genetic markers of atrial fibrillation in combination with coronary heart disease in residents of the Siberian region.
Materials and methods. The study included female and male patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease (IHD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) (n = 100) and a comparison group of 100 people with IHD without AF, in whom the frequencies of the rs10824026 genotypes of the SYNPO2L gene were studied for polymorphic variants.
Results and conclusions. In the present study, we tested the association of rs10824026 of the SYNPO2L gene with atrial fibrillation in patients with coronary artery disease. It was found that the genotype GG rs10824026 manifests itself as conditionally protective in relation to the risk of developing AF in patients with coronary artery disease.
Los efectos de la radiación electromagnética en la salud humana
Authors: Ochoa Bustamante Jessenia Paola , Ortiz Dueñas Silvio Eleuterio , Ortiz Dueñas Silvio Eleuterio , Mite Vernaza Eloy José , Rivadeneira Junco Luis Enrique , Rodríguez Cornejo Patrícia Carolina , Zúñiga Arreaga Leonel Amador , Rojas Riera Janeth Mabel , Marcillo Merino Geovanny Eloy , Sarmiento Ávila Gabriela Elizabeth , Giacoman Jiménez Arcadio Jacinto
Published: April 2022

La radiación electromagnética está presente en nuestra vida sin darnos cuenta: en los conectores eléctricos, el teléfono celular, el sol, el agua que tomamos, existen campos magnéticos que son de origen natural y artificial necesario para facilitar las actividades de la vida diaria. Utilizamos radiación para curar enfermedades, hacer diagnósticos clínicos, comunicarnos, generar energía eléctrica, diagnosticar el clima espacial y su impacto en la tierra. En líneas generales podemos decir que la radiación genera beneficios para el ser humano. Sin embargo, cuando esta proviene de fuentes radiactivas generadas por el desarrollo científico puede crear efectos irreparables adversos para la salud. En este sentido, en el presente texto queremos distinguir como un uso indiscriminado de estas fuentes naturales pueden provocar daños irreparables.
Implementation of Zero-Thickness Impedance Boundary Condition for Method of Moments and Application to Microstrip Antennas
Authors: Nam Jeong-Hun , Koh Il-Suek
Published: April 2022

To analyze a microstrip antenna consisting of a lossy metal, we proposed a scheme for a method of moments (MoM) to completely implement a zero-thickness impedance boundary condition (IBC). This model is more accurate for lossy metal than other boundary conditions, such as a resistive sheet model. The accuracy of the proposed scheme is numerically demonstrated by comparing antenna parameters, such as the scattering parameter, directivity, gain, and efficiency, computed by two commercial tools, FEKO and HFSS. These tools and the proposed scheme were applied to two microstrip antennas made from lossy metals with various conductivity.
Psycho-Social Stimulation and Food Diversity of Children Detected Stunting
Authors: Rahmawati Dian , Agustin Lia
Published: April 2022

Background: Stunting is a growth failure in children under five due to chronic malnutrition so that children are too short for their age. According to WHO, stunting becomes a public health problem if the prevalence is 20% or more. The prevalence of stunting under five in Indonesia in 2018 was more than 20% so that it became a public health problem and needed to be addressed immediately. Food diversity describes the quality of food for toddlers. Providing a variety of foods will increase the risk of malnutrition, stunting, and disease disorders. Stunting not only has an impact on physical growth but also psychosocial development. This study aimed to analyze whether psychosocial stimulation and food diversity were associated with stunting.
Subjects and Method: This research is an observational analytic with a case control approach. The study population was all toddlers aged 24-59 months in Bangkok Village, Gurah, Kediri, East Java, Indonesia, in August 2020. Using the fixed disease sampling technique, a sample of 25 stunting toddlers aged 24-59 months as the case group and 25 non-stunted toddlers as the control group. The dependent variable is the incidence of stunting, while the independent variables are psychosocial stimulation and food diversity. The stunting measurement was carried out based on the TB/U measurement. Measurement of psychosocial stimulation using the HOME (The Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment Revisited) questionnaire and diversity using the IDDS (Individual Dietary Diversity Score) questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed by Chi Square and Fisher's Exact Test.
Results: The incidence of stunting was associated with psychosocial (p= o.o31) and food diversity (OR= 12.67; CI 95%= 3.31 to 48.50; p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Psychosocial stimulation and food diversity are associated with stunting. Not consuming a variety of foods increases the incidence of stunting 12 times.
Difference Of Fetal Weight Between Conventional vs Electric Smoke Exposure in Mice (Mus Musculus)
Authors: Kusumastuti Nurry Ayuningtyas , Haeriyah Siti , Susilowati Yuni
Published: April 2022

Background: The increase in tobacco excise rates (CHT) or cigarette excise in early 2020 is a reason for smokers to switch to using e-cigarettes. WHO reports that about 64.9% of adult men in Indonesia are smokers, while in women it is 2.1%. This shows that Indonesia is ranked first in the world. Exposure to e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes will affect pregnancy and the fetus it contains. However, in reality, most people have the perception that e-cigarettes are safer than conventional cigarettes because their nicotine content is much lower than conventional cigarettes. The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in exposure to e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes on fetal weight in mice (mus musculus).Subjects and Method: This study used a true experimental design which was divided into two groups, namely 16 female mice as a group given exposure to e-cigarettes and 16 female mice as a group being exposed to conventional cigarettes. The dependent variable is the weight of the fetus. The independent variables were exposure to e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes. The instrument in this study used a digital gold scale with an accuracy of 0.01 gram. Data were analyzed using the Mann Whitney test.Results: On average, exposure to e-cigarettes had a greater fetal weight (Mean= 1.61; SD= 0.64) than exposure to conventional cigarettes (Mean= 1.48; SD= 1.19), and this result was statistically significant (p < 0.001).Conclusion: There are differences in exposure to e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes on fetal weight in mice (Mus musculus).
Is Remakuda Juice Effective to Elevate Haemoglobin Level and Descend Dysmenorrhea in Female Adolescents?
Authors: Fatmawati Zeny , Fatmawati Elis , Rustanti Elly
Published: April 2022

Background: The negative effect of low hemoglobin levels for adolescents can reduce intelligence, learning achievement, mental motor development, inhibition of optimal height growth and repro­ductive health. Dysmenorrhea is pain or discomfort that occurs in the abdomen during menstruation as a result of prostaglandin secretion which can increase uterine contractions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Remakuda juice on an increase in hemoglobin and a decrease in the intensity of dysmenorrhea in female adolescents.
Subjects and Method: An experimental study with no control group was conducted at Junior High School I Tembelang, Jombang, East Java, in September 2021. A total of 60 female adolescents was selected by purposive sampling. The dependent variables were hemoglobin level and dysmenorrhea. The independent variable was Remakuda juice. Dysmenorrhea was measured by the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and the Wong Baker Pain Rating Scale. Hemoglobin level was measured by digital haemometer. The data were analyzed using t-test.
Results: Hemoglobin levels after intervention (Mean= 2.00; SD= 0.00) were higher than before (Mean= 1.73; SD= 0.45), with p= 0.010. Dysmenorrhea after intervention was lower (Mean= 1.43; SD= 0.59) than before (Mean= 2.70; SD= 0.65), with p<0.001.
Canclusion: Remakuda juice can increase hemoglobin levels and reduce dysmenorrhea in female adolescent.
The Experience of Mothers Caring for Children with Disabilities at the Persatuan Rakyat Indonesia Special School in Pekalongan, Central Java: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Maulinda Amanda Via , Murti Bhisma , Adriani Rita Benya
Published: April 2022

Background: Disabilities are often called physical, mental and sensory disabilities or disorders that limit a person's ability to carry out daily activities. Parenting a child with a disability is not easy because the child cannot perform any activities independently and the child's behavior is not controlled. This results in a negative impact on the mother psychologically, physically and can disrupt family dynamics such as domestic violence and quarrels. This study aimed to explore the experiences of mothers caring for children with disabilities.
Subjects and Method: This was a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach, conducted at the Persatuan Rakyat Indonesia Special School (SLB) in Pekalongan, Central Java. The study subjects were selected purposively as many as four participants, namely housewives without caregivers who have children with physical disabilities, deaf-speech, and mentally retarded children. Data were collected using in-depth interview technique. The tools used in this research are camera, recording device and interview guide. Data analysis using Colaizz's method.
Results: This qualitative research resulted in seventeen themes that show the experience of mothers in caring for children with disabilities, namely destiny, mother's burden, mother's initial psychological response, emotional changes, behavioral changes, limited funds, obstacles in daily life, social stigma, financial support, social support, assistance efforts. health workers, efforts to seek other assistance, the attitude of the mother when the child conveys a choice, the attitude of the mother when the child acts inappropriately, the expectations and limitations of special health services for disability, the wisdom of spiritual improvement and bathing.
Conclusion: Mother's experience in caring for children with disabilities found unstable emotional changes, excessive worry and excessive attention. Support is very influential for mothers in the form of information support, extended family support, nuclear family and the surrounding community. During caring for children with disabilities, mothers gain wisdom, namely increasing patience and gratitude.
Meta-Analysis: The Effect of Early Breastfeeding Initiation on Hypothermia and Diarrhea in Infants
Authors: Hidayah Fristyaningrum , Retno Yulia Lanti , Budihastuti Uki Retno
Published: April 2022

Background: Early initiation of breastfeeding is the process of letting the baby instinctively breastfeed within the first hour after birth, along with skin-to-skin contact between the baby and the mother's skin which can prevent hypothermia in the baby. This study aims to analyze the relationship between early initiation of breastfeeding and the incidence of hypothermia in infants.
Subjects and Method: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis study. Population= Infants aged 0-59 months, Intervention= early initiation of breastfeeding, Comparison= no early initiation of breastfeeding, Outcomes= incidence of hypothermia and diarrhea. Article searched through journal databases include: PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, research gate, and Springerlink. The keywords used are breastfeeding" OR "early initiation of breastfeeding" OR "initiation breast­feeding" AND newborn OR neonatal OR neonate OR infant OR children OR child AND hypothermia OR “low body temperature” OR “low temperature” OR thermoregulation OR “body temperature regulation "AND diarrhea OR diarrhea. Articles were selected with the help of PRISMA flow diagrams. Inclusion criteria included full-text articles with cross-sectional studies, multivariate analysis results in the form of AOR values and published in English from 2011-2021. Eligible articles were analyzed using Revman 5.3 application.
Results: Sixteen articles from Ethiopia, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Tanzania, and India were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis in 7 cross-sectional studies showed that early initiation of breastfeeding was able to reduce the risk of hypothermia in infants (aOR= 0.32; 95% CI= 0.21 to 0.48; p<0.001). Meta-analysis in 9 cross-sectional studies showed that early initiation of breastfeeding was able to reduce the risk of diarrhea in infants (aOR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.76 to 0.86; p<0.001).
Conclusion: Early initiation of breastfeeding reduced the risk of hypothermia and diarrhea in infants. Researchers recommend implementing early initiation of breastfeeding in the first hour of birth to prevent the risk of hypothermia and diarrhea in infants.
Overweight and Obesity as Risk Factors of Breast Cancer in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women: Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fadhila Shofia Nur , Murti Bhisma , Widyaningsih Vitri
Published: April 2022

Background: A woman has an increased risk of breast cancer due to increased exposure to the hormone estrogen during her life due to early menarche, late menopause, and/or the absence of childbearing. Epidemiological data show that menopausal status has a risk factor for breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate overweight and obesity as risk factors for pre­menopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer.
Subjects and Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted by systema­tically reviewing articles published from 2010-2021 in the PubMed, Google Scholar, SpringerLink and Science Direct databases with the keywords overweight AND obesity AND "breast cancer" OR "breast carcinoma" AND "premenopausal women", overweight AND obesity AND "breast cancer" OR "breast carcinoma" AND "postmenopausal women". Inclusion criteria included articles in English, full text, using an observational study design, and displaying adjusted odds ratios. Articles were reviewed using PRISMA diagrams and analyzed using Revman 5.3.
Results: A meta-analysis of 10 articles concluded that overweight women were 1.35 times more likely to develop premenopausal breast cancer than women with a normal BMI (aOR= 1.35; 95% CI= 0.98 to 1.86; p= 0.070). A meta-analysis of 10 articles concluded that obese women were 1.27 times more likely to develop premenopausal breast cancer than women with normal BMI (aOR= 1.27; 95% CI= 0.95 to 1.69; p= 0.110). A meta-analysis of 9 articles concluded that overweight women had a 1.28 times risk of developing postmenopausal breast cancer compared with women with a normal BMI (aOR= 1.28; 95% CI= 1.00 to 1.63; p= 0.050). A meta-analysis of 11 articles concluded that obese women were 1.52 times more likely to develop postmenopausal breast cancer than women with normal BMI (aOR= 1.52; 95% CI= 1.17 to 1.98; p= 0.002).
Conclusion: Overweight and obesity increase the risk of pre-menopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer.
The Influence of Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Perceived Behavior Control on the Early Detection of Cervical Cancer among Female Students
Authors: Putri Santy Irene
Published: April 2022

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequent female malignancy in the globe, affecting an estimated 527,624 women every year and resulting in 265,672 deaths. This study aimed to determine the effect of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on early detection of cervical cancer in female students.
Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach. This study was conducted in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. The sample size of 350 female students was selected by simple random sampling technique. The dependent variable is the early detection of cervical cancer. The independent variables include attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The data were collected by using a questionnaire and analysis using multiple linear regression.
Results: Attitudes (b= 0.33; 95% CI= 0.22 to 0.44; p <0.001), subjective norms (b= 0.12; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.22; p= 0.029), and perceived behavioral control (b= 0.32; 95% CI = 0.12 to 0.52; p= 0.002) has a relationship with behavior of early detection of cervical cancer in female students and statistically significant.
Conclusion: Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control are factors that influence the behavior of early detection of cervical cancer in female students.