bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avian tail ontogeny, pygostyle formation, and interpretation of juvenile Mesozoic specimens
Authors: Rashid Dana J. , Surya Kevin , Chiappe Luis M. , Carroll Nathan , Garrett Kimball L. , Varghese Bino , Bailleul Alida , O’Connor Jingmai K. , Chapman Susan C. , Horner John R.
Published: June 2018

The avian tail played a critical role in the evolutionary transition from long- to short-tailed birds, yet its ontogeny in extant birds has largely been ignored. This deficit has hampered efforts to effectively identify intermediate species during the Mesozoic transition to short tails. Here we show that fusion of distal vertebrae into the pygostyle structure does not occur in extant birds until near skeletal maturity, and mineralization of vertebral processes also occurs long after hatching. Evidence for post-hatching pygostyle formation is also demonstrated in two Cretaceous specimens, a juvenile enantiornithine and a subadult basal ornithuromorph. These findings call for reinterpretations ofZhongornis haoae, a Cretaceous bird hypothesized to be an intermediate in the long- to short-tailed bird transition, and of the recently discovered coelurosaur tail embedded in amber.Zhongornis, as a juvenile, may not yet have formed a pygostyle, and the amber-embedded tail specimen is reinterpreted as possibly avian. Analyses of relative pygostyle lengths in extant and Cretaceous birds suggests the number of vertebrae incorporated into the pygostyle has varied considerably, further complicating the interpretation of potential transitional species. In addition, this analysis of avian tail development reveals the generation and loss of intervertebral discs in the pygostyle, vertebral bodies derived from different kinds of cartilage, and alternative modes of caudal vertebral process morphogenesis in birds. These findings demonstrate that avian tail ontogeny is a crucial parameter specifically for the interpretation of Mesozoic specimens, and generally for insights into vertebrae formation.
Nano-mechanical properties of Fe-Mn-Al-C lightweight steels
Authors: Rahnama Alireza , Kotadia Hiren , Clark Samuel , Janik Vit , Sridhar Seetharaman
Published: June 2018

High Al Low-density steels could have a transformative effect on the light-weighting of steel structures for transportation. They can achieve the desired properties with the minimum amount of Ni, and thus are of great interest from an economic perspective. In this study, the mechanical properties of two duplex low-density steels, Fe-15Mn-10Al-0.8C-5Ni and Fe-15Mn-10Al-0.8 C (wt.%) were investigated through nano-indentation and simulation through utilization of ab-initio formalisms in Density Functional Theory (DFT) in order to establish the hardness resulting from two critical structural features (κ-carbides and B2 intermetallic) as a function of annealing temperature (500–1050 °C) and the addition of Ni. In the Ni-free sample, the calculated elastic properties of κ-carbides were compared with those of the B2 intermetallic Fe3Al−L12 and the role of Mn in the κ structure and its elastic properties were studied. The Ni-containing samples were found to have a higher hardness due to the B2 phase composition being NiAl rather than FeAl, with Ni-Al bonds reported to be stronger than the Fe-Al bonds. In both samples, at temperatures of 900 °C and above, the ferrite phase contained nano-sized discs of B2 phase, wherein the Ni-containing samples exhibited higher hardness, attributed again to the stronger Ni-Al bonds in the B2 phase. At 700 °C and below, the nano-sized B2 discs were replaced by micrometre sized needles of κ in the Ni-free sample resulting in a lowering of the hardness. In the Ni-containing sample, the entire α phase was replaced by B2 stringers, which had a lower hardness than the Ni-Al nano-discs due to a lower Ni content in B2 stringer bands formed at 700 °C and below. In addition, the hardness of needle-like κ-carbides formed in α phase was found to be a function of Mn content. Although it was impossible to measure the hardness of cuboid κ particles in γ phase because of their nano-size, the hardness value of composite phases, e.g. γ + κ was measured and reported. All the hardness values were compared and rationalized by bonding energy between different atoms.
Chronic infection with Mycobacterium lepraemurium induces alterations in the hippocampus associated with memory loss
Authors: Becerril-Villanueva Enrique , Ponce-Regalado María Dolores , Pérez-Sánchez Gilberto , Salazar-Juárez Alberto , Arreola Rodrigo , Álvarez-Sánchez María Elizbeth , Juárez-Ortega Mario , Falfán-Valencia Ramcés , Hernández-Pando Rogelio , Morales-Montor Jorge , Pavón Lenin , Rojas-Espinosa Oscar
Published: June 2018

Murine leprosy, caused byMycobacterium lepraemurium(MLM), is a chronic disease that closely resembles human leprosy. Even though this disease does not directly involve the nervous system, we investigated a possible effect on working memory during this chronic infection in Balb/c mice. We evaluated alterations in the dorsal region of the hippocampus and measured peripheral levels of cytokines at 40, 80, and 120 days post-infection. To evaluate working memory, we used the T-maze while a morphometric analysis was conducted in the hippocampus regions CA1, CA2, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG) to measure morphological changes. In addition, a neurochemical analysis was performed by HPLC. Our results show that, at 40 days post-infection, there was an increase in the bacillary load in the liver and spleen associated to increased levels of IL-4, working memory deterioration, and changes in hippocampal morphology, including degeneration in the four subregions analyzed. Also, we found a decrease in neurotransmitter levels at the same time of infection. AlthoughMLMdoes not directly infect the nervous system, these findings suggest a possible functional link between the immune system and the central nervous system.
A prospective pilot evaluation of vaginal and urine self-sampling for the Roche cobas 4800 HPV test for cervical cancer screening
Authors: Hwang Sang-Hyun , Shin Hye Young , Lee Dong Ock , Sung Na Young , Lee Bomyee , Lee Do-Hoon , Jun Jae Kwan
Published: June 2018

This pilot study sought to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing vaginal self-swabs and urine samples for HPV-based cervical cancer screening in 700 women who had undergone conventional Pap smear screening via the national cervical cancer program in Korea. The cobas 4800 HPV test was utilized to detect HPV in the self-samples. Pap smear results revealed three cases of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 649 cases of negative for an intraepithelial lesion or malignancy, and 48 non-specific inflammatory findings. High-risk HPV was detected in 6.7% of urine samples and 9.6% of vaginal self-swab samples. The overall agreement for HPV 16/18 between urine and vaginal self-swab samples was 99.1% (95%CI 98.1% to 99.6%). Colposcopic biopsy revealed one cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 3 lesion, 12 CIN1 lesions, and 23 normal or chronic cervicitis lesions. In conclusion, urine and vaginal self-swab sampling was feasible and deemed a potential alternative for HPV detection in women who hesitate to participate in cervical cancer screening programs. Meanwhile, due to overall lower rates of abnormal cytology and sexual risk behaviors in Korea, a larger sample size than expected is needed to assess the sensitivity of CIN2+ detection via self-samples.
Energy transfer and correlations in cavity-embedded donor-acceptor configurations
Authors: Reitz Michael , Mineo Francesca , Genes Claudiu
Published: June 2018

The rate of energy transfer in donor-acceptor systems can be manipulated via the common interaction with the confined electromagnetic modes of a micro-cavity. We analyze the competition between the near-field short range dipole-dipole energy exchange processes and the cavity mediated long-range interactions in a simplified model consisting of effective two-level quantum emitters that could be relevant for molecules in experiments under cryogenic conditions. We find that free-space collective incoherent interactions, typically associated with sub- and superradiance, can modify the traditional resonant energy transfer scaling with distance. The same holds true for cavity-mediated collective incoherent interactions in a weak-coupling but strong-cooperativity regime. In the strong coupling regime, we elucidate the effect of pumping into cavity polaritons and analytically identify an optimal energy flow regime characterized by equal donor/acceptor Hopfield coefficients in the middle polariton. Finally we quantify the build-up of quantum correlations in the donor-acceptor system via the two-qubit concurrence as a measure of entanglement.
Phytochemicals-mediated production of hydrogen peroxide is crucial for high antibacterial activity of honeydew honey
Authors: Bucekova Marcela , Buriova Monika , Pekarik Ladislav , Majtan Viktor , Majtan Juraj
Published: June 2018

Honeydew honey is increasingly valued due to its pronounced antibacterial potential; however, the underlying mechanism and compounds responsible for the strong antibacterial activity of honeydew honey are still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition of bacterial growth of 23 honeydew honey samples. Activity of bee-derived glucose oxidase (GOX) enzyme, the content of defensin-1 (Def-1) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and total polyphenol content were determined in the 23 honey samples. Our results demonstrated that antibacterial activity of honeydew honey was equivalent to medical-grade manuka and kanuka honey and was abolished by catalase. Although H2O2 is an important factor in the inhibition of bacterial growth, polyphenolic compounds and their interaction with H2O2 are the key factors responsible for high antibacterial activity of honeydew honey. In addition, our results indicated that the antibacterial activity of honeydew honey is not dependent on GOX-mediated production of H2O2 or the presence of Def-1.
Imaging EGFR and HER3 through 89Zr-labeled MEHD7945A (Duligotuzumab)
Authors: McKnight Brooke N. , Kuda-Wedagedara Akhila N. W. , Sevak Kuntal K. , Abdel-Atti Dalya , Wiesend Wendy N. , Ku Anson , Selvakumar Dakshnamurthy , Carlin Sean D. , Lewis Jason S. , Viola-Villegas Nerissa T.
Published: June 2018

Tumor resistance to treatment paved the way toward the development of single agent drugs that target multiple molecular signatures amplified within the malignancy. The discovered crosstalk between EGFR and HER3 as well as the role of HER3 in mediating EGFR resistance made these two receptor tyrosine kinases attractive targets. MEHD7945A or duligotuzumab is a single immunotherapy agent that dually targets both molecular signatures. In this study, a positron emission tomography (PET) companion diagnostic to MEHD7945A is reported and evaluated in pancreatic cancer. Tumor accretion and whole body pharmacokinetics of 89Zr-MEHD7945A were established. Specificity of the probe for EGFR and/or HER3 was further examined.
Observation of a non-equilibrium steady state of cold atoms in a moving optical lattice
Authors: Chong Kyeong Ock , Kim Jung-Ryul , Kim Jinuk , Yoon Seokchan , Kang Sungsam , An Kyungwon
Published: June 2018

Non-equilibrium dynamics expands our understanding on physical processes based on the conventional equilibrium physics. In particular, non-equilibrium steady states with continuous flow among them have drawn much interest related to various biochemical processes, biomolecular motors, and high-temperature quantum entanglement as well as Bose–Einstein condensates. Here we report observation of a non-equilibrium steady states of atoms achieved in a hybrid of a moving optical lattice and a surrounding cold atom cloud in a phase-stabilized magneto-optical trap. A part of atoms are localized and transported in the moving optical lattice and the rest are not localized in the lattice while trapped as a cold cloud of atoms. These motional states coexist with continuous transition between them. Our model calculations well reproduce the key features of the experimental observations including stepwise transitions, confirming the existence of a non-equilibrium steady state with characteristics of asymmetric simple exclusion process in the cold atom system.
Synthesis of chalcopyrite-type and thiospinel minerals/materials by low temperature melts of xanthates
Authors: Khan Malik Dilshad , Murtaza Ghulam , Revaprasadu Neerish , O'Brien Paul
Published: June 2018

Xanthate complexes are used in the low temperature atom efficient synthesis of some geological and technologically important ternary compounds.
An all-aqueous redox flow battery with unprecedented energy density
Authors: Zhang Jing , Jiang Gaopeng , Xu Pan , Ghorbani Kashkooli Ali , Mousavi Mahboubeh , Yu Aiping , Chen Zhongwei
Published: June 2018

A hybrid alkaline zinc–iodine redox flow battery has been designed with an unprecedented energy density record to date for an all-aqueous redox flow battery.
Preparation of a lignin-based vitrimer material and its potential use for recoverable adhesives
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Liu Tuan , Hao Cheng , Wang Liwei , Han Jiarui , Liu Hang , Zhang Jinwen
Published: June 2018

This work introduces a simple and green method for the preparation of a fully biobased vitrimer material and demonstrates a potential application for recoverable adhesives.
NemaFlex: a microfluidics-based technology for standardized measurement of muscular strength ofC. elegans
Authors: Rahman Mizanur , Hewitt Jennifer E. , Van-Bussel Frank , Edwards Hunter , Blawzdziewicz Jerzy , Szewczyk Nathaniel J. , Driscoll Monica , Vanapalli Siva A.
Published: June 2018

NemaFlex measures a behavior- and gait-independent measure ofC. elegansstrength analogous to maximum voluntary force in humans.
Donor–anion interactions in quarter-filled low-dimensional organic conductors
Authors: Pouget Jean-Paul , Alemany Pere , Canadell Enric
Published: June 2018

In contrast to currently accepted ideas anions play an essential role in directing the structural and transport properties of many molecular conductors.
Determination of pH-independent rate constants of thiolate–disulfide redox transitions
Authors: Mirzahosseini Arash , Faragó Zoltán , Noszál Béla
Published: June 2018

Real-time evolution of qNMR spectra combined with detailed protonation constant data affords kinetic constants pertaining to thiolate–disulfide reactions with specific chemical species.
Metallic 1T-MoS2 with defect induced additional active edges for high performance supercapacitor application
Authors: Joseph Nikhitha , Muhammed Shafi P. , Chandra Bose A.
Published: June 2018

Influence of thiourea on the formation of active-edges and the metallic phase of MoS2 and investigation of its energy storage properties.
Selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 over MnO2/PDOPA@CNT catalysts prepared via poly(dopamine) functionalization
Authors: Zhang Yanbing , Ding Mingjie , Song Chengjian , Lv Yingjie , Zhao Haipeng
Published: June 2018

MnO2/PDOPA@CNT catalysts were for the first time prepared via poly(dopamine) functionalization and applied in low-temperature NO reduction with NH3.
Hot off the Press
Authors: Hill Robert A. , Sutherland Andrew
Published: June 2018

A personal selection of 32 recent papers is presented covering various aspects of current developments in bioorganic chemistry and novel natural products such as mollebenzylanol A from Rhododendron molle.
Phosphine-catalysed α-umpolung addition of nucleophiles to δ-acetoxy allenoates: stereoselective synthesis of 2,4-dienoates
Authors: Hou Yading , Zhang Yuwen , Tong Xiaofeng
Published: June 2018

The first example of phosphine-catalyzed α-umpolung addition of nucleophiles to allenoates is described, which features the use of δ-acetoxy allenoate to generate a 3-phosphonium-2,4-dienoate intermediate, thus facilitating the α-umpolung addition of nucleophiles.
Micro-structure studies of the molten binary K3AlF6–Al2O3system byin situhigh temperature Raman spectroscopy and theoretical simulation
Authors: Ma Nan , You Jinglin , Lu Liming , Wang Jian , Wang Min , Wan Songming
Published: June 2018

This work was the first to use normalized Raman scattering cross-sections to carry out quantitative analysis in the melts.
Reply to the ‘Comment on “Metal–organic green dye: chemical and physical insight into a modified Zn-benzoporphyrin for dye-sensitized solar cells”’ by R. Steer, RSC Advances, 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00213d
Authors: Zanotti G. , Angelini N. , Mattioli G. , Paoletti A. M. , Pennesi G. , Rossi G. , Caschera D. , de Marco L. , Gigli G.
Published: June 2018

The authors reply to the comment by R. P. Steer discussing the reasons for their incorrect assignment of the luminescence decay of the novel compound 5,10,15-(triphenyl),20-[ethynyl-(4-carboxy)phenyl]tetrabenzoporphyrinate Zn(ii) (PETBP).
2,3-Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one as a privileged scaffold in drug design
Authors: Badolato Mariateresa , Aiello Francesca , Neamati Nouri
Published: June 2018

2,3-Dihydroquinazolin-4-one (DHQ) belongs to the class of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds representing a core structural component in various biologically active compounds.
Utilization of a nonionic surfactant for improved corrosion resistance of carbon steel in simulated fuel-grade ethanol
Authors: Deyab M. A.
Published: June 2018

In this study, a nonionic surfactant (PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, Abbrev. PEG-40 HCO) was used to improve the corrosion resistance of carbon steel in simulated fuel-grade ethanol (SFGE).
Functional polymeric dialdehyde dextrin network capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles for pH/GSH dual-controlled drug release
Authors: Chen Chao , Sun Wen , Yao Wenji , Wang Yibing , Ying Hanjie , Wang Ping
Published: June 2018

A smart pH/GSH dual-responsive drug delivery system by using DAD as a “gatekeeper polymer” to end-cap MSNs via pH-sensitive Schiff bond, whereas DAD polymer shell were cross-linked by GSH-sensitive disulfide bond.
Reciprocating sliding wear of hybrid PTFE/Kevlar fabric composites along different orientations
Authors: Gu Dapeng , Zhang Longxiao , Chen Suwen , Song Kefeng , Liu Shouyao
Published: June 2018

Orientations and weaves played an important role in the friction reduction and antiwear properties of PTFE/Kevlar fabric composite.
Preparation and sound absorption properties of barium titanate/nitrile butadiene rubber-polyurethane foam composites with stratified structure
Authors: Jiang Xueliang , Wang Zhijie , Yang Zhen , Zhang Fuqing , You Feng , Yao Chu
Published: June 2018

BT/NBR-PU foam composites with two different stratified structures including double-layer and alternating multilayered have excellent low-frequency sound absorption performance.
Green synthesis of Pd nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide, using the extract of Rosa canina fruit, and their use as recyclable and heterogeneous nanocatalysts for the degradation of dye pollutants in water
Authors: Hemmati Saba , Mehrazin Lida , Ghorban Hedieh , Garakani Samir Hossein , Mobaraki Taha Hashemi , Mohammadi Pourya , Veisi Hojat
Published: June 2018

We suggests a convenient synthesis of in situ, ecofriendly and well-dispersed Pd nanoparticles with narrow and small dimension distributions on graphene oxide (GO) using Rosa canina extract as a reducing agent and as the only stabilizer.
Different footprints of the Zika and dengue surface proteins on viral membranes
Authors: Wewer Christian R. , Khandelia Himanshu
Published: June 2018

The Zika virus surface proteins bend a membrane more than the dengue virus surface proteins.
Designing pinecone-like and hierarchical manganese cobalt sulfides for advanced supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Zhao Yucheng , Shi Zhe , Li Haiyan , Wang Chang-An
Published: June 2018

The unique porous structures of pinecone-like and hierarchical manganese cobalt sulfide create sufficient space for electrode materials to expand and shrink during charge and discharge processes, inducing excellent electrochemical performances.
A general and scalable approach to produce nanoporous alloy nanowires with rugged ligaments for enhanced electrocatalysis
Authors: Qiu H.-J. , Gao J. J. , Chiang F.-K. , Wen Y. R. , Yao A. Y. , Du P. , Fang G. , Wang J. Q. , Liu X. J.
Published: June 2018

A general one-step dealloying approach is developed to produce nanoporous alloy nanowires with rugged ligaments and high-density defect sites.
Significantly improved thermal stability and thermoelectric performance of Cu-deficient Cu4−δGa4Te8 (δ = 1.12) chalcogenides through addition of Sb
Authors: Cui Jiaolin , Zhu Junhao , Han Zhongkang , Luo Yong
Published: June 2018

Significantly improved thermal stability and thermoelectric performance upon Sb addition in Cu4–δGa4SbxTe8 (δ = 1.12).
Self-assembled RNAi nanoflowers via rolling circle transcription for aptamer-targeted siRNA delivery
Authors: Cheng Hui , Hong Shanni , Wang Zhili , Sun Na , Wang Tengfei , Zhang Ye , Chen Hongxia , Pei Renjun
Published: June 2018

Self-assembled and tumor-targeting RNAi nanoflowers, composed of tandem copies of siRNA, showed significant gene silencing without any transfection agents.
POSS-cored and peptide functionalized ternary gene delivery systems with enhanced endosomal escape ability for efficient intracellular delivery of plasmid DNA
Authors: Hao Xuefang , Li Qian , Ali Hasnain , Zaidi Syed Saqib Ali , Guo Jintang , Ren Xiangkui , Shi Changcan , Xia Shihai , Zhang Wencheng , Feng Yakai
Published: June 2018

POSS-cored, CPP, NLS and REDV peptide functionalized ternary gene delivery systems for efficient intracellular delivery of plasmid DNA.
Controllable supramolecular chain aggregation through nano-steric hindrance functionalization for multi-color larger-area electroluminescence
Authors: Xu Man , Wang Wei-Biao , Bai Lu-Bing , Yu Meng-Na , Han Ya-Min , Lin Jin-Yi , Zhang Xin-Wen , Ling Hai-Feng , Lin Zong-Qiong , Huang Ling , Xie Ling-Hai , Zhao Jian-Feng , Wang Jian-Pu , Huang Wei
Published: June 2018

Suppression of hierarchical chain aggregationvianano-steric hindrance functionalization is an effective strategy to restrain long-wavelength emission and improving the device performance.
Continuously fabricated transparent conductive polycarbonate/carbon nanotube nanocomposite films for switchable thermochromic applications
Authors: Zhou Bing , Li Yahong , Zheng Guoqiang , Dai Kui , Liu Chuntai , Ma Yong , Zhang Jiaoxia , Wang Ning , Shen Changyu , Guo Zhanhu
Published: June 2018

Flexible CNT-based transparent conductive films with strong adhesion were continuously fabricated by a home-made roll-to-roll (R2R) spraying method and used as a smart window with switchable transparency.
Selecting electrode materials for monolayer ReS2 with an Ohmic contact
Authors: Gao Nan , Zhou Si , Liu Nanshu , Bai Yizhen , Zhao Jijun
Published: June 2018

Field effect transistors of monolayer ReS2 with various electrodes and their Schottky barriers for electron and hole carriers.
Millimeter wave spectra of ethyl isocyanate and searches for it in Orion KL and Sagittarius B2
Authors: Kolesniková L. , Alonso E. R. , Tercero B. , Cernicharo J. , Alonso J. L.
Published: June 2018

Context. Relatively high abundances of methyl isocyanate (CH3NCO), a methyl derivative of isocyanic acid (HNCO), found in the Orion KL and Sgr B2 molecular clouds suggest that its ethyl derivative, ethyl isocyanate (CH3CH2NCO), may also be present.

Aims. The aim of this work is to provide accurate experimental frequencies of ethyl isocyanate in its ground and excited vibrational states in the millimeter wave region to support searches for it in the interstellar medium.

Methods. The rotational spectrum of ethyl isocyanate was recorded at room temperature from 80 to 340 GHz using the millimeter wave spectrometer in Valladolid. Assigned rotational transitions were analyzed using the S -reduced semirigid-rotor Hamiltonian.

Results. More than 1100 distinct frequency lines were analyzed for the ground vibrational state of the cis conformer as well as for three vibrational satellites corresponding to successive excitation of the lowest-frequency C–N torsional mode. Newly determined rotational and centrifugal distortion constants were used for searches of spectral features of ethyl isocyanate in Orion KL and Sgr B2 clouds. Upper limits to CH3CH2NCO in these high-mass star-forming regions were obtained.
Eltern möchten dabei sein!
Authors: Baumeister Heike , Kremp Annette , Schiff Andrea
Published: June 2018

Die Möglichkeit der Anwesenheit von Eltern während der Reanimation ihres Kindes wird zunehmend diskutiert – in der Praxis aber nur selten gewährt. Die
Erfahrungen und Meinungen der Pflegenden und der betroffenen Eltern zu diesem Thema wurden bisher im deutschsprachigen Raum nur unzureichend erforscht. In ihren
qualitativen Forschungsarbeiten führte Heike Baumeister sieben Experteninterviews mit Pflegenden und Annette Kremp drei Interviews mit betroffenen Müttern
durch. Die Ergebnisse weisen einige Überschneidungen auf. Nicht nur der elterliche Wunsch nach Anwesenheit und das Verständnis der Pflegenden für diesen Wunsch,
sondern auch die Bedeutung einer professionellen Begleitung der Eltern gehen beispielsweise aus beiden Studien hervor. Anschlussstudien mit ähnlichen
Fragestellungen sind dringend notwendig.
Als Nurse Practitioner zurück nach Deutschland
Authors: Holman Samia , Kocks Andreas
Published: June 2018

Praktisch mit Pflegestudium in der direkten Patientenversorgung zu arbeiten gehört in vielen Ländern zum Standard. Samia Holman ging nach ihrer Schulausbildung
in die USA und qualifizierte sich dort in der Pflege. Nach zwei absolvierten Studiengängen führte ihre Arbeit sie in eine niedergelassene Arztpraxis – als Nurse
Practitioner im Sinne des Advanced Nursing Practice (ANP). Ein anspruchsvolles Arbeitsfeld mit viel Autonomie und Verantwortung. Jetzt, vor dem Weg zurück nach
Deutschland, reflektiert Samia Holman ihre Tätigkeit in den USA und fragt sich, wie sie mit ihrer Qualifikation in Deutschland arbeiten kann.
Bundesweite Razzien wegen Betrugsverdacht: Erste Festnahme im Stuttgarter Klinikskand
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: June 2018

Andreas Braun, der ehemalige Leiter der Auslandsabteilung des Klinikums Stuttgart, sitzt laut Medienberichten in Untersuchungshaft. Der Ex-Grünen-Landeschef soll tief in den Abrechnungsskandal am Klinikum Stuttgart verwickelt sein.
Schlaglicht: „Der gesamte Umsetzungsprozess dauerte ein halbes Jahr“
Authors: Peter Gocke
Published: June 2018

Dr. Peter Gocke ist Chief Digital Officer (CDO) sowie Leiter der Stabsstelle „Digitale Transformation“ an der Charité und hat mit einem interdisziplinären Projekt-Team das digital gestützte Entlassmanagement an der Charité auf den Weg gebracht.
Umfrage „Quo Vadis Entlassmanagement? – 120 Tage Rahmenvertrag: “ Jede Menge Nachbesserungsbedarf
Authors: Schulte-Marin Veronika
Published: June 2018

120 Tage Rahmenvertrag Entlassmanagement waren der Anlass für consus clinicmanagement bei Klinikmitarbeitern nachzufragen, wie die gesetzlichen Vorgaben im Klinikalltag umgesetzt werden. Die Ergebnisse der Umfrage machen deutlich, dass es noch jede Menge Nachbesserungsbedarf gibt.
Sanierung in Eigenregie: Die Chance für den nachhaltigen Neubeginn
Authors: Freye Carolin
Published: June 2018

Die Insolvenz der Paracelsus-Kliniken wirft ein Schlaglicht auf die finanzielle Situation der Krankenhäuser Deutschlands. Laut dem Krankenhausreport des RWI – Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung schreibt ein Fünftel der deutschen Krankenhäuser Defizite, nahezu jedes Zehnte liegt im Bereich erhöhter Insolvenzgefahr. Dass eine Insolvenz die Chance für eine nachhaltige Gesundung darstellen kann, erläutert Tilo Kolb, Fachanwalt für Insolvenzrecht bei Schultze & Braun, im Interview.
Robotik in der Pflege: Den Kinderschuhen noch nicht entwachsen
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: June 2018

Angesichts einer vergreisenden Gesellschaft und einem Mangel an Pflegekräften ruhen viele Hoffnungen auf dem baldigen Einsatz von Robotern in der Pflege. Die intelligenten Maschinen sollen gestresste Pflegekräfte entlasten, doch der Weg zur Alltagstauglichkeit ist noch lang.
OP-Manager: Geschmierte Prozesse
Authors: Grether Thomas
Published: June 2018

„Ein Drittel aller Kosten entstehen im Operationssaal“, sagt OP-Manager Dr. Thomas Ramolla. „Deswegen ist es für Kliniken überlebenswichtig, die Kosten im OP-Trakt im Griff zu haben.“
Einkauf im Klinikum: Jonglieren zwischen Sparzwängen und Suche nach Qualität
Authors: Epping Bernhard
Published: June 2018

Die Einkaufsabteilungen in Kliniken stehen immer wieder in der Kritik und sind zum Teil mit Vorwürfen von Unprofessionalität oder auch von Selbstherrlichkeit konfrontiert. Was ist dran?
Digitalisierung: Zukunft gestalten – Impuls- und Ideengeber sein
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: June 2018

„Gerade wir Techniker sollten mit Begeisterung und Faszination für Fortschritt an die Digitalisierung herangehen“, fordert ÖVKT-Präsident Martin Krammer. Umsichtige Skepsis gepaart mit gesundem Menschenverstand und fundiertem Ingenieurs-Know-how seien weitere gute Ratgeber, wenn es darum geht, innovative Technologien und Methoden im Gesundheitswesen zu etablieren.
Sprechstunde in der PR-Ambulanz: Warum hat unsere Klinik keine Kommunikationsstrategie?
Authors: Endele Kerstin
Published: June 2018

Kerstin Endele ist zur Hälfte Journalistin und zur Hälfte Biochemikerin. Seit mehr als 15 Jahren ist sie Expertin für Gesundheitskommunikation und war fünf Jahre Kommunikationschefin und Pressesprecherin der Charité. Wenn sie nicht Klinikvorstände aus Krisen rettet und Pressesprechern diverser Krankenhäuser dabei hilft, ein bisschen Strategie ins übliche Chaos zu bringen, betreibt sie mit der PR-Ambulanz (www.pr-ambulanz.com) einen der größten Blogs zur Klinikkommunikation in Deutschland.
Etude des antigènes plaquettaires et, en particulier, du fibrinogène
Authors: Salmon J , Bounameaux Y
Published: June 2018

1) Le fibrinogène est le principal antigène décelable par la précipitation en gélose et par l’immuno-électrophorèse dans les plaquettes de l’homme, du boeuf, du mouton, du cheval et du porc.

2) Il est essentiellement situé à l’intérieur des plaquettes ou masqué à leur périphérie. Il en existe également dans l’atmosphère plasmatique périplaquettaire.

3) Les plaquettes bovines contiennent une autre substance antigénique, dénaturée par la thrombine et dont la mobilité électrophorétique est celle d’une α-globuline. Elles renferment un 3me antigène dont la nature doit encore être précisée.

4. La signification de ces faits est brièvement discutée.
Über den Einfluß von 5-Hydroxytryptamin (Serotonin), 5-Hydroxytryptophan und von Serotoninantagonisten auf die Retraktion von Blutgerinnseln
Authors: Gross Rudolf , Staufenberg Erika
Published: June 2018

Serotonin-Kreatininsulfat hatte in Konzentrationen von 0,05 bis 1,0 mg/ccm bei Temperaturen von 20° und 37° C keinen retraktionsauslösenden oder retraktionsfördernden Einfluß auf die Gerinnsel aus thrombozytenarmen menschlichen Plasmen (< 100/cmm bis 50 000/cmm). Negative Ergebnisse zeitigten auch Zusätze von 5-dl-Hydroxytryptophan (0,6 bis 2,0 mg/ccm).

Mit Brom-Lysergsäurediäthylamid (0,05 und 0,1 mg/ccm) wurde die Retraktion von Gerinnseln aus thrombozytenreichem Plasma nicht gehemmt. Dagegen führten die Serotoninantagonisten l-Benzyl-2,5-Dimethylserotonin und 1-Benzyl-2,5-Dimethylbufotenin zu einer Retraktionshemmung in Gerinnseln aus plätt-chenreichem Plasma. Für den letzteren (stärkeren) Serotoninantagonisten war eine Störung der Retraktion noch mit 0,01 mg/ccm nachweisbar. Die Retrak-tionsstörungen wurden durch gleichzeitigen Serotoninzusatz nicht aufgehoben.

Die Aufnahme des Venenblutes in Natriumzitrat mit Zusatz von Mescalin, einem Hemmstoff der (serotoninspaltenden) Monoaminooxydase, hatte weder auf die spontane Retraktion von Gerinnseln aus thrombozytenarmem Plasma noch nach Zugabe von Serotonin oder 5-Hydroxytryptophan einen retraktions-steigernden Einfluß. Hinsichtlich der Retraktion voll wirksame Dosen von l-Benzyl-2,5-Dimethylbufotonin führten bei Inkubation bis zu 45 Minuten zu keiner oder zu nur geringfügigen Störungen der Thrombozytenzahl, der Thrombozytenmorphologie und der Thrombozytenfaktor-3-Aktivität.

Die Spezifität der geschilderten Hemmwirkung der Serotoninantagonisten über das Plättchenserotonin oder verwandte Substanzen sowie die Bindung des Serotonins in den Thrombozyten werden diskutiert.
The Hemorrhagic Synchorne Complicating Extracorporeal Shunting of Blood: An Experimental Study of its Pathogenesis
Authors: Penick George D. , Averette Hervy E. , Peters Richard M. , Brinkhous Kenneth M.
Published: June 2018

Dogs subjected to extracorporeal circulation with a modified D e Wall heart-lung apparatus developed thrombocytopenia and severe deficiency of the antihemophilic factor (AHF). To quantitate this reaction more accurately, a two-stage method of study was devised whereby citrated blood in the first stage was subjected to artificial, oxygenation and then in the second stage, was transfused into recipient dogs. In all cases, depression in AHF and platelets occurred even though fibrinogen remained at high levels. Depression in AHF levels could also be produced by mechanical damage to tissues of the extremities or by the autotransfusion of stored blood. Control transfusion of fresh blood produced no such effects.
The Effect of Fibrinogen Concentration on Susceptibility of Clots to in vitro Clot Lysis with Plasmin
Authors: Freiman A. H , Cliffton E. E
Published: June 2018

The effect of fibrinogen(fibrin) concentration on the degree of clot lysis has been is shown. These experiments demonstrate: (1) A direct correlation between degree of clot lysis and liberation of radioactive breakdown products, (2) that increasing concentrations of fibrinogen result in decreasing lysis of the clot by a standard fibrinolysin solution, (3) that lysis occurs more rapidly at pH 7.4 than at pH 7.6 and 7.8, (4) that increase in surface area results in increased lysis and (5) that increasing concentration of plasmin results in increased lysis of the clot.
A New Approach to the Thrombocytopathies. Thrombocytopathy A
Authors: Johnson Shirley A. , Monto Raymond W. , Caldwell M. June
Published: June 2018

A group of patients with clinical hemorrhagic disease who exhibited a prolonged bleeding time and a short prothrombin consumption time classified as Thrombocytopathy A were studied utilizing procedures involving isolated platelets and purified prothrombin. These frozen and thawed platelet extracts had poor platelet factor 3 activity which was normal after the extracts had been treated with ultrasonic oscillations. The electron microscope studies of the morphology of these platelets were abnormal. It is concluded that these platelets contain adequate amounts of platelet factor 3 but are resistant to disintegration and the activity is only liberated with difficulty.

The authors wish to thank Miss Jeanne M. Riddle, M.S. medical technologist in Hematology at Henry Ford Hospital for technical assistance in providing the platelet counts for this investigation.
Hallermann–Streiff Syndrome: Magnetic Resonance Imaging of a Rare Disorder
Authors: Sabat Shyam , Slonimsky Einat
Published: June 2018

Hallermann–Streiff syndrome (HSS) is a rare disorder characterized by dyscephalia, facial, and dental abnormalities. We report the brain magnetic resonance imaging features of a 26-year-old male patient who has a past medical history significant for spastic paraplegia, vision problems, and epilepsy.
Zentrale Schlafapnoe: Freund oder Feind der Herzinsuffizienz?
Authors: Spiesshoefer Jens
Published: June 2018

Die Pathophysiologie der zentralen Schlafapnoe (CSA) unterscheidet sich erheblich von der der obstruktiven Schlafapnoe (OSA). Im Gegensatz zur OSA kommt es bei der CSA zu zentral bedingten Atemaussetzern ohne eine entsprechende kompensatorische Atemanstrengung in Reaktion darauf (1,2).
Der nichterholsame Schlaf
Authors: Frohn Corinna , Nopper Isabella
Published: June 2018

Immer wieder begegnen uns im klinischen Alltag Patienten, die über schlechten und nichterholsamen Schlaf klagen. Ob im Rahmen organischer Erkrankungen, anderer psychischer Erkrankungen oder als isoliertes Problem, ein großer Teil der Bevölkerung klagt über Schlafstörungen im Sinne einer nicht-organischen Insomnie. Hier soll kurz dargestellt werden, welche Kriterien eine Insomnie begründen, wie die Diagnostik erfolgen sollte und vor allem, welche Behandlungsansätze es gibt.
Experimental research on the mechanical properties of graphene geopolymer
Authors: Zhang Guoxue , Lu Juan
Published: June 2018

This research study used metakaolin as a raw material, a mixed solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate as an alkali excitant, and a graphene dispersant as an additive to manufacture a graphene geopolymer sample. The compressive strength and bending strength of the sample were tested. The results showed that the geopolymer hydration products were observed to be more compact, and the internal porosity was reduced after the addition of the graphene. The geopolymer strengths had been obviously increased, and the compressive strength and bending strength reached 46.9MPa and 6.7MPa, respectively. However, the graphene’s role in improving the strength of the original geopolymer became gradually weakened when the addition amounts of the graphene were increased to a certain extent. Furthermore, the role of the graphene in improving the compressive strength of the geopolymer was determined to gradually decrease with the increase in the content of sodium hydroxide in the alkali excitant.
Review: Mechanotransduction in ovarian cancer: Shearing into the unknown
Authors: Novak Caymen , Horst Eric , Mehta Geeta
Published: June 2018

Ovarian cancer remains a deadly diagnosis with an 85% recurrence rate and a 5-year survival rate of only 46%. The poor outlook of this disease has improved little over the past 50 years owing to the lack of early detection, chemoresistance and the complex tumor microenvironment. Within the peritoneal cavity, the presence of ascites stimulates ovarian tumors with shear stresses. The stiff environment found within the tumor extracellular matrix and the peritoneal membrane are also implicated in the metastatic potential and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of ovarian cancer. Though these mechanical cues remain highly relevant to the understanding and treatment of ovarian cancers, our current knowledge of their biological processes and their clinical relevance is deeply lacking. Seminal studies on ovarian cancer mechanotransduction have demonstrated close ties between mechanotransduction and ovarian cancer chemoresistance, EMT, enhanced cancer stem cell populations, and metastasis. This review summarizes our current understanding of ovarian cancer mechanotransduction and the gaps in knowledge that exist. Future investigations on ovarian cancer mechanotransduction will greatly improve clinical outcomes via systematic studies that determine shear stress magnitude and its influence on ovarian cancer progression, metastasis, and treatment.
Neural-network Kohn-Sham exchange-correlation potential and its out-of-training transferability
Authors: Nagai Ryo , Akashi Ryosuke , Sasaki Shu , Tsuneyuki Shinji
Published: June 2018

We incorporate in the Kohn-Sham self-consistent equation a trained neural-network projection from the charge density distribution to the Hartree-exchange-correlation potential n → VHxc for a possible numerical approach to the exact Kohn-Sham scheme. The potential trained through a newly developed scheme enables us to evaluate the total energy without explicitly treating the formula of the exchange-correlation energy. With a case study of a simple model, we show that the well-trained neural-network VHxc achieves accuracy for the charge density and total energy out of the model parameter range used for the training, indicating that the property of the elusive ideal functional form of VHxc can approximately be encapsulated by the machine-learning construction. We also exemplify a factor that crucially limits the transferability—the boundary in the model parameter space where the number of the one-particle bound states changes—and see that this is cured by setting the training parameter range across that boundary. The training scheme and insights from the model study apply to more general systems, opening a novel path to numerically efficient Kohn-Sham potential.
Effect of antibodies on pathogen dynamics with delays and two routes of infection
Authors: Elaiw A. M. , Almatrafi A. A. , Hobiny A. D.
Published: June 2018

We study the global stability of pathogen dynamics models with saturated pathogen-susceptible and infected-susceptible incidence. The models incorporate antibody immune response and three types of discrete or distributed time delays. We first show that the solutions of the model are nonnegative and ultimately bounded. We determine two threshold parameters, the basic reproduction number and antibody response activation number. We establish the existence and stability of the steady states. We study the global stability analysis of models using Lyapunov method. The numerical simulations have shown that antibodies can reduce the pathogen progression.
Thermochemical properties of nanometer CL-20 and PETN fabricated using a mechanical milling method
Authors: Song Xiaolan , Wang Yi , An Chongwei
Published: June 2018

2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), with mean sizes of 73.8 nm and 267.7 nm, respectively, were fabricated on a high-energy ball-mill. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was used to image the micron-scale morphology of nano-explosives, and the particle size distribution was calculated using the statistics of individual particle sizes obtained from the SEM images. Analyses, such as X-ray diffractometer (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), were also used to confirm whether the crystal phase, molecular structure, and surface elements changed after a long-term milling process. The results were as expected. Thermal analysis was performed at different heating rates. Parameters, such as the activation energy (ES), activation enthalpy (ΔH≠), activation free energy (ΔG≠), activation entropy (ΔS≠), and critical temperature of thermal explosion (Tb), were calculated to determine the decomposition courses of the explosives. Moreover, the thermal decomposition mechanisms of nano CL-20 and nano PETN were investigated using thermal-infrared spectrometry online (DSC-IR) analysis, by which their gas products were also detected. The results indicated that nano CL-20 decomposed to CO2 and N2O and that nano PETN decayed to NO2, which implied a remarkable difference between the decomposition mechanisms of the two explosives. In addition, the mechanical sensitivities of CL-20 and PETN were tested, and the results revealed that nano-explosives were more insensitive than raw ones, and the possible mechanism for this was discussed. Thermal sensitivity was also investigated with a 5 s bursting point test, from which the 5 s bursting point (T5s) and the activation of the deflagration were obtained.
Photoelectron circular dichroism in the multiphoton ionization by short laser pulses. II. Three- and four-photon ionization of fenchone and camphor
Authors: Müller Anne D. , Artemyev Anton N. , Demekhin Philipp V.
Published: June 2018

Angle-resolved multiphoton ionization of fenchone and camphor by short intense laser pulses is computed by the time-dependent single center method. Thereby, the photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD) in the three-photon resonance enhanced ionization and four-photon above-threshold ionization of these molecules is investigated in detail. The computational results are in satisfactory agreement with the available experimental data, measured for randomly oriented fenchone and camphor molecules at different wavelengths of the exciting pulses. We predict a significant enhancement of the multiphoton PECD for uniaxially oriented fenchone and camphor.
Evolutionary ecophysiology of seed desiccation sensitivity
Authors: Marques Alexandre , Buijs Gonda , Ligterink Wilco , Hilhorst Henk
Published: June 2018

Desiccation sensitive (DS) seeds do not survive dry storage due to their lack of desiccation tolerance. Almost half of the plant species in tropical rainforests produce DS seeds and therefore the desiccation sensitivity of these seeds represents a problem for and long-term biodiversity conservation. This phenomenon raises questions as to how, where and why DS (desiccation sensitive)-seeded species appeared during evolution. These species evolved probably independently from desiccation tolerant (DT) seeded ancestors. They adapted to environments where the conditions are conducive to immediate germination after shedding, e.g. constant and abundant rainy seasons. These very predictable conditions offered a relaxed selection for desiccation tolerance that eventually got lost in DS seeds. These species are highly dependent on their environment to survive and they are seriously threatened by deforestation and climate change. Understanding of the ecology, evolution and molecular mechanisms associated with seed desiccation tolerance can shed light on the resilience of DS-seeded species and guide conservation efforts. In this review, we survey the available literature for ecological and physiological aspects of DS-seeded species and combine it with recent knowledge obtained from DT model species. This enables us to generate hypotheses concerning the evolution of DS-seeded species and their associated genetic alterations.
Generation of gene-edited sheep with a defined Booroola fecundity gene (FecBB) mutation in bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1B (BMPR1B) via clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) 9
Authors: Zhou Shiwei , Yu Honghao , Zhao Xiaoe , Cai Bei , Ding Qiang , Huang Yu , Li Yaxin , Li Yan , Niu Yiyuan , Lei Anmin , Kou Qifang , Huang Xingxu , Petersen Björn , Ma Baohua , Chen Yulin , Wang Xiaolong
Published: June 2018

Since its emergence, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated (Cas) 9 system has been increasingly used to generate animals for economically important traits. However, most CRISPR/Cas9 applications have been focused on non-homologous end joining, which results in base deletions and insertions, leading to a functional knockout of the targeted gene. The Booroola fecundity gene (FecBB) mutation (p.Q249R) in bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1B (BMPR1B) has been demonstrated to exert a profound effect on fecundity in many breeds of sheep. In the present study, we successfully obtained lambs with defined point mutations resulting in a p.249Q > R substitution through the coinjection of Cas9 mRNA, a single guide RNA and single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides into Tan sheep zygotes. In the newborn lambs, the observed efficiency of the single nucleotide exchange was as high as 23.8%. We believe that our findings will contribute to improved reproduction traits in sheep, as well as to the generation of defined point mutations in other large animals.