bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Convective Interaction Media short monolithic columns: Enabling chromatographic supports for the separation and purification of large biomolecules
Authors: Barut Miloš , Podgornik Aleš , Brne Peter , Štrancar Aleš
Published: October 2005

New therapeutics that are being developed rely more and more on large and complex biomacromolecules like proteins, DNA, and viral particles. Manufacturing processes are being redesigned and optimized both upstream and downstream to cope with the ever‐increasing demand for the above target molecules. In downstream processing, LC still represents the most powerful technique for achieving high yield and high purities of these molecules. In most cases, however, the separation technology relies on conventional particle‐based technology, which has been optimized for the purification of smaller molecules. New technologies are, therefore, needed in order to push the downstream processing ahead and into the direction that will provide robust, productive, and easy to implement methods for the production of novel therapeutics. New technologies include the renaissance of membranes, various improvements of existing technologies, but also the introduction of a novel concept – the continuous bed or monolithic stationary phases. Among different introduced products, Convective Interaction Media short monolithic columns (SMC) that are based on methacrylate monoliths exhibit some interesting features that make them attractive for these tasks. SMC can be initially used for fast method development on the laboratory scale and subsequently efficiently transferred to preparative and even more importantly to industrial scale. A brief historical overview of methacrylate monoliths is presented, followed by a short presentation of theoretical considerations that had led to the development of SMC. The design of these columns, as well as their scale‐up to large units, together with the methods for transferring gradient separations from one scale to another are addressed. Noninvasive methods that have been developed for the physical characterization of various batches of SMC, which fulfill the regulatory requirements for cGMP production, are discussed. The applications of SMC for the separation and purification of large biomolecules, which demonstrate the full potential of this novel technology for an efficient downstream processing of biomolecules, are also presented.
Effect of surfactant counterion and organic modifier on the properties of surfactant vesicles in electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Schuster Stephanie A. , Foley Joe P.
Published: October 2005

See original 2005, vol. 28, issue 12, pp. 1399–1408. DOI 10.1002/jssc.200500208
Principal opium alkaloids as possible biochemical markers for the source identification of Indian opium
Authors: Mohana Mudiam , Reddy Krishna , Jayshanker Gurumurthy , Suresh Velayudhan , Sarin Rajendra Kumar , Sashidhar R. B.
Published: October 2005

See original 2005, vol. 28, issue 13, pp. 1558–1565. DOI 10.1002/jssc.200500078
Continuous-wave intracavity Raman generation in
PbWO4 crystal in the Nd:YVO4 laser
Authors: Orlovich V A , Burakevich V N , Grabtchikov A S , Lisinetskii V A , Demidovich A A , Eichler H J , Turpin P-Y
Published: October 2005

Continuous-wave Raman generation on PbWO4 crystal
placed in the cavity of an end-diode-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser is
demonstrated. The Raman threshold was measured as 0.9 W of the
laser-diode power. The highest output power obtained at the first
Stokes wavelength 1177 nm was 178 mW at the laser diode power of
2.3 W, corresponding to the slope efficiency of 13%. The Stokes
beam quality M2 did not exceed 1.7.
Iterative solution of linear systems arising from the Nyström method for the double‐layer potential equation over curves with corners
Authors: Rathsfeld A.
Published: October 2005

In this paper we consider a quadrature method for the solution of the double‐layer potential equation corresponding to Laplace's equation in a polygonal domain. We prove the stability for our method in case of special triangulations over the boundary of the polygon. For the solution of the corresponding system of linear equations, we consider a two‐grid iteration and establish the rates of convergence and complexity. Finally, we discuss the effect of mesh refinement near the corners of the polygon.
A principle of linearization and the uniform asymptotic stability of solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations for compressible isothermic fluids
Authors: Neustupa Jiří
Published: October 2005

We prove the correctness of a principle of linearization in the investigation of the uniform asymptotic stability of a sufficiently smooth, but generally non‐steady, solution of the Navier‐Stokes equations for compressible fluids in the case of a constant temperature.
An approximation theorem in inverse electromagnetic scattering
Authors: Hähner Peter
Published: October 2005

In the inverse electromagnetic scattering problem for an inhomogeneity of compact support with constant permittivity Colton and Päivärinta suggested an optimization scheme which yields a numerical method for determining the refractive index if the far‐field data of the scattering problem is known [1]. We prove the denseness of the Cauchy data to certain interior transmission problems and conclude that the infimum of the optimization scheme is zero even if the permittivity varies. Before proving the denseness result, we investigate a boundary value problem which is needed to prove the denseness result.
Stability analysis of the phytoplankton vertical steady states in a laboratory test tube
Authors: Beretta Edoardo , Fasano Antonio , Hosono Yuzo , Kolmanovskii V. B.
Published: October 2005

The positive vertical equilibrium profiles of a phytoplankton population growing in a vertical test tube under controlled experimental conditions (temperature, salinity, light intensity at the top surface) for nutrients are discussed with reference to their stability properties for arbitrary positive initial values of the biomass concentration along the tube. Two different approaches are followed. First a stability result is established in the Sobolev norm H2 by estimating the norms of the perturbations recursively in successive subintervals of suitably small amplitude. The second approach provides stability in the sense of the uniform convergence as a corollary of a stability theorem for a rather general class of integro‐differential equations.
A hyperbolic—parabolic system modelling the thermoelastic impact of two rods
Authors: Andrews Kevin T. , Shillor Meir , Wright Steve
Published: October 2005

The dynamic thermoelastic impact of two rods is modelled by a coupled system of two quasivariational inequalities and two equalities that reflect a bilateral contact condition and a radiation condition for the temperatures. The existence of a weak solution is established using a penalization method that employs Galerkin approximations and a priori estimates.
Remark on a trace theorem for transmission problems
Authors: Banasiak J. , Ligier A.
Published: October 2005

In this paper we discuss elliptic transmission problems of second order in plane non‐smooth domains with non‐homogeneous boundary data. It is known that if the boundary data are homogeneous, then the variational solution of the transmission problem admits a representation as a sum of a regular function and certain singular functions, analogous to that encountered in boundary value problems on corner domains. We determine for which domains arbitrary non‐homogeneous boundary data can be reduced to the homogeneous ones preserving availability of the representation formula. In the remaining cases we find the compatibility conditions for the data which also yield such a reduction.
An application of the limiting absorption principle to a mixed boundary value problem in an infinite strip
Authors: Doppel K. , Hochmuth R.
Published: October 2005

We present a complete proof of the existence and uniqueness of solutions of a mixed boundary value problem for the homogeneous Laplace equation in an unbounded parallel strip based on the principle of limiting absorption.
The free streaming operator: A mathematical model for diffusive multiplying boundary conditions
Authors: Totaro Silvia , Belleni‐Morante Aldo
Published: October 2005

We show that the free streaming operator with diffusive multiplying boundary conditions is the generator of a quasi‐bounded semigroup. We also examine some spectral properties of such an operator.
Adaptivity for compressible flow computations using point embedding on 2‐D structured multiblock meshes
Authors: Evans A. , Marchant M. J. , Szmelter J. , Weatherill N. P.
Published: October 2005

Structured meshes which consist of a single curvilinear network of lines and points have limited flexibility when applied to geometrically complicated domains. To alleviate this constraint the idea of multiblock structured meshes has been proposed. This approach subdivides the domain of interest into regions, each of which can be mapped into a transformed space equivalent to a rectangle. The connections between these regions define the mesh topology. By a suitable subdivision of the domain, multiblock grids, which are globally unstructured between blocks, but provide a structured grid within blocks, can be used to discretize highly complex geometrical domains. This technique has been used to great effect, both in two and three dimensions. However, structured meshes are not naturally amenable to adaptivity techniques based upon local point addition. This paper describes a method, based upon the quadtree data structure, which allows for local point refinement on multiblock meshes for use with flow algorithms for the simulation of compressible flow around aerospace geometries. The basic concepts of multiblock meshes, the use of the quadtree data structure, together with the treatment within the flow algorithm of locally embedded meshes, will be discussed.
Structural, electronic and optical properties of a new binary phase – ruthenium disilicide
Authors: Shaposhnikov V. L. , Filonov A. B. , Krivosheeva A. V. , Ivanenko L. I. , Borisenko V. E.
Published: October 2005

A detailed study of the electronic and optical properties of recently discovered ruthenium disilicide (RuSi2) has been performed by means of ultrasoft pseudopotential and full‐potential linearized augmented plane wave methods. Three phases were considered as in FeSi2, and like that compound only the orthorhombic structure (β‐phase) was found to be an indirect bandgap semiconductor. The remaining two (α‐ and γ‐) phases, which show metallic behavior, are studied by density of states (DOS) and compared with those of FeSi2. Optical properties are discussed by analyzing the imaginary part of the dielectric function and the dipole matrix elements corresponding to different interband transitions. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spin‐polarized XANES: theoretical analysis of the Ni K‐edge of NiF2
Authors: Smolentsev G. , Soldatov A.
Published: October 2005

Theoretical interpretations of spin‐dependent X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra measured by selectively monitoring of the Ni K‐beta emission while scanning the excitation energy through the Ni K absorption edge have been performed. Analysis is based on a combination of self‐consistent spin‐polarized calculation of muffin‐tin potential and a full multiple scattering theory of X‐ray absorption. This approach allows us to separate the influence of dipole transition matrix elements and the density of empty electronic states on spin‐dependent XANES. It is found that the matrix elements affect splitting between spin‐up and spin‐down spectra only near the absorption threshold, while differences in densities of states slightly shift the spectra in the region 25–35 eV above the main edge. The effects of the multielectron‐term‐dependent broadening of spin‐dependent XANES and mixing of purely spin‐polarized spectra were taken into account. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Phase transition of GeSe2 at high pressure
Authors: Durandurdu Murat
Published: October 2005

We study the behavior of crystalline germanium diselenide (β‐GeSe2) under rapid hydrostatic pressures using constant‐pressure ab initio simulations. At a high pressure of 18.5 GPa, β‐GeSe2 transforms into a layered CdI2‐like structure. The transformation mechanism at the atomistic level and the electronic nature of the semiconductor‐metal transition are discussed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
13C‐isotopic fingerprint of Pinus pinaster Ait. and Pinus sylvestris L. wood related to the quality of standing tree mass in forests from NW Spain
Authors: Fernandez Irene , González‐Prieto Serafin J. , Cabaneiro Ana
Published: October 2005

Pine forest plantations of Pinus pinaster Ait. and P. sylvestris L. located in Galicia, NW Spain, were selected to study the 13C/12C‐isotopic fingerprint in wood core samples in order to find possible relationships between the δ13C at natural abundance levels and the quality of the standing tree mass. For each pine species, 24 forests growing on acidic soils were studied: half developed over granite and half over schists. Two dominant trees from each plot, corresponding to all possible combinations of forest stands with high or low site index and with adults or young trees, were drilled at the basal part of trunks using a Pressler drill to obtain tree ring samples. The C‐isotopic compositions of the litter and the soil organic matter from different soil depths were also determined and statistically significant correlations between these values and the 13C content of the wood were observed. Despite internal variations due to the influence of site index, tree age and parent material, the isotopic fingerprint of P. pinaster wood (mean value δ13C = −26.2 ± 0.8‰) significantly differed (P < 0.001) from that of P. sylvestris (mean value δ13C = −24.6 ± 0.7‰). Relationships between the quality of the stand and the C‐isotopic composition of the wood were observed, high quality stands having trees more 13C‐depleted than low quality ones. A high correlation between wood δ13C and site index values for P. pinaster stands (r = −0.667, P < 0.001) was found, this correlation being even clearer when only P. pinaster growing over schists (r = −0.833, P < 0.001) are considered. Again, the correlation between the site index and the wood δ13C of young P. pinaster trees is higher when plots over granite or schists are separately considered. A similar fact occurs for adult P. sylvestris trees from schists stands, high quality specimens being 13C‐depleted compared with low quality ones. On the other hand, 13C natural abundance of wood from P. sylvestris trees seems to be also strongly influenced by the underlying parent material, young trees from granite stands having a statistically higher 13C‐isotopic composition (P < 0.05) than young trees from schists stands. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matthys P. Levy
Authors: Levy Matthys P.
Published: October 2005

This paper presents a profile on the career of the author associated with his selection as the 2005 Structural Engineer of the Year. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Christopher Rojahn
Authors: Rojahn Christopher
Published: October 2005

Following receipt of an Engineer Degree in Civil Engineering (Structures) from Stanford University in 1968 and three years in the Officers Corps of the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Christopher Rojahn commenced his professional career in 1971, serving for two years as a Geophysicist with the Seismological Field Survey of NOAA and for 8 years as a Research Civil Engineer with the Seismic Engineering Branch of the Office of Earthquake Studies, U.S. Geological Survey. In 1981 he accepted the position of Executive Director of the Applied Technology Council (ATC), a non‐profit corporation founded to advance the practice and technology of structural engineering. During his 24 years of service with ATC he has proposed, orchestrated and overseen the development of numerous engineering resources and applications for reducing the effects of natural and man‐made hazards on the built environment. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review of Tonsillar Lymphoma in Pediatric Patients from the Pediatric Oncology Group: What Can be Learned about Some Indications for Microscopic Examination?
Authors: Sayed Kadria , Savell Van H. , Hutchison Robert E. , Kepner James , Link Michael P , Schwenn Molly , Mahmoud Hazem , Parham David M.
Published: October 2005

Financial considerations have led to suggestions that routine microscopic evaluation of tonsils and adenoids is neither cost effective nor clinically indicated. However, the possibility of tonsillar lymphoma must be carefully weighed when making institutional policy decisions. One way to find an appropriate algorithm for pathologic examination is to examine the characteristics of biopsy-proved tonsillar lymphomas. To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics of tonsillar lymphoma, we performed a retrospective analysis of patients who had non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and large-cell or Burkitt lymphoma involving the tonsils and adenoids and were registered on Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) protocols. Seventy-seven (9%) of 832 POG cases of NHL involved the tonsils and adenoids. Review of the pathology reports available from 29 of these cases revealed that NHL was incidentally discovered by pathologic examination in only 5 cases, all of which had clinical evidence of unilateral tonsillar enlargement or size discrepancy by gross examination. The other 24 cases indicated a clinical suspicion of tonsillar cancer, as judged by a preoperative diagnosis or by a request for frozen-section examination. We conclude that in most cases there is a clinical suspicion of tonsillar NHL at the time of gross examination. With routine cases, we predict that the use of comparative organ weights, a clinical impression of tonsillar asymmetry, and review of clinical history will increase the recognition of tonsillar lymphoma when “gross-only” protocols are employed for specimen handling.
Cytogenetic Findings in Pediatric T-Lymphoblastic Lymphomas: One Institution's Experience and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Ellison Dale A. , Parham David M. , Sawyer Jeffrey R.
Published: October 2005

Cytogenetic analyses of lymphomas commonly reveal nonrandom chromosomal abnormalities, but there are relatively few reports in childhood lymphoblastic lymphoma (LL). We retrospectively reviewed G-banded karyotypic analyses performed at Arkansas Children's Hospital between 1990 and 2004. Six children (2 to 20 years old) had LL that presented as mediastinal or cervical masses and had a T-cell immunophenotype and clonal abnormalities. The cytogenetic findings in these 6 patients were as follows: 46,XX, -7,inv(9)(p11q12),der (12)t(7;12)(q11.2;p13),t(16;18)(p13.1;q21),+22 in patient 1; 47,XX,+9,del(9)(q11q22)x2 in patient 2; 72-119, XY,+X,+1,+1, inv(2) (p11q13),-3,+5,+6,+7,+10,-12,-16, -21,-21,-22,+mar in patient 3; 48,XY,+5,+20,t(7;9) (q32;q34) in patient 4; 47~48,XX,der(10)t(10;14)(q23; q11.2),+12, del(12)(p12)x2, -14,del(16)(q22q22),+?add (19)(p13.3) in patient 5; and 48~49,XY,+7,+8,t(11;19) (q23;p?13.3),+der(19)t(11;19)[cp20] in patient 6. Eleven chromosome breakpoints in 6 of our patients (7q11, 12p13, 16p13, 18q21, 9q11, 2p11, 2q13, 7q32, and 7q23) have been reported in other patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or LL and involved regions containing TEL, ABL, E2A, MLL, and T-cell receptor-α genes. A review of the cytogenetic findings of these and other cases of LL reveals that clonal aberrations are common and most frequently involve T-cell receptor gene regions. The aberrations show some features similar to those of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and are not unique to LL, thus furnishing additional evidence of the equivalence of these two diseases. The cytogenetic features of LL may be helpful in the diagnosis of pediatric lymphomas and undifferentiated neoplasms.
Challenging times: Prevalence of psychiatric disorders and suicidal behaviours in Irish adolescents
Authors: Lynch Fionnuala , Mills Carla , Daly Irenee , Fitzpatrick Carol
Published: October 2005

Purpose

Against a background of a lack of systematic epidemiological research in Ireland in the area, this study set out to determine prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders, suicidal ideation and intent, and parasuicide in a population of Irish adolescents aged 12–15 years in a defined geographical area.

Method

All 12–15‐year olds attending eight secondary schools were eligible for inclusion. A two‐stage procedure was used involving a screening and an interview phase. Those scoring in the clinical range on the screening measures were interviewed, along with a comparison group matched for gender, school and school year.

Results

19.4% of the 723 screened were identified as being ‘at risk’. This ‘at risk’ group was interviewed along with a comparison sample. 15.6% of the total study population met the criteria for a current psychiatric disorder, including 4.5% with an affective disorder, 3.7% with an anxiety disorder and 3.7% with ADHD. Significant past suicidal ideation was experienced by 1.9%, and 1.5% had a history of parasuicide. Binge drinking was associated with both affective and behaviour disorders.

Conclusions

Rates of psychiatric disorders and suicidal behaviours are similar in young Irish adolescents to those in other Western cultures. Mental health promotion should be given priority in schools.
Geomorphic evolution of a storm-dominated carbonate ramp (c. 549 Ma), Nama Group, Namibia
Authors: DIBENEDETTO S. , GROTZINGER J.
Published: October 2005

The well-exposed Hoogland Member (c. 549 Ma) of the northern Nama Group (Kuibis Subgroup), Namibia, represents a storm-dominated carbonate ramp developed in a foreland basin of terminal Proterozoic age. The ramp displays facies gradients involving updip grainstones which pass downdip into broad, spatially extensive tracts of microbial laminites and finely laminated mudstones deposited above and below storm wave base. Trough cross-bedded, coarse grainstones are shown to transit downdip into finer-grained calcarenites, irregular microbial laminites and mottled laminites. Siliciclastic siltstones and shales were deposited further downdip. Platform growth was terminated through smothering by orogen-derived siliciclastic deposits. Ramp morphology was controlled by several different processes which acted across many orders of magnitude (millimetres to kilometres), including in situ growth of mats and reefs, scouring by wave-produced currents, and transport and infilling of coarse-grained carbonates and fine-grained carbonates and clastics. At the smallest scale, ‘roughening’ of the sea-floor through heterogeneous trapping and binding by microbial mats was balanced by smoothing of the sea-floor through accumulation of loose sediment to fill the topographic lows within the upward-propagating mat. At the next scale up, parasequence development involved roughening of the sea-floor through shoal growth and grainstone progradation, balanced by sea-floor smoothing through shale infilling of resulting downdip accommodation, as well as the metre-scale topographic depressions within the mosaic of shoal-water facies. At even larger (sequence/platform) scales, roughening of the sea-floor occurred through aggradation and progradation of thick carbonates, balanced by infilling of the foreland basin with orogen-derived siliciclastic sediments. At all scales a net balance was achieved between sea-floor roughening and sea-floor smoothing to maintain a more or less constant ramp profile.
Palynology of late Westphalian–early Stephanian coal-bearing deposits in the eastern South Wales Coalfield
Authors: DIMITROVA TATIANA KH. , CLEAL CHRISTOPHER J. , THOMAS BARRY A.
Published: October 2005

Mudstones above coals in the eastern part of the South Wales Coalfield have yielded diverse and well-preserved palynofloras. They indicate that the Llantwit No. 1 and No. 2 seams are Stephanian in age, and thus correlate with the Household Coals Member in the Forest of Dean. Until the formation of the highest coal seam in the succession (No. 1 Llantwit Seam), conditions were progressively becoming wetter, as indicated by an increase in abundance of lycophytes and a decline in the cordaites. However, after the formation of this stratigraphically highest coal, the lycophytes declined significantly, indicating that conditions suddenly became drier, perhaps as a result of uplift of the area as the Variscan Front to the south steadily pressed forward.
SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC DETERMINANTS OF ABORTION IN INDIA: A NORTH–SOUTH COMPARISON
Authors: BOSE SUNITA , TRENT KATHERINE
Published: October 2005

Data from the 1998–99 National Family Health Survey (NFHS2) of India are used to examine the net effects of social and demographic characteristics of women on the likelihood of abortion while emphasizing important differences between women from northern and southern states. A north–south comparison illustrates that southern women have relatively higher levels of literacy and labour force participation, lower levels of son preference, and smaller family size. Results from logistic regression analyses show that literacy, type of work, belonging to a scheduled caste or tribe, urban residence, standard of living, parity, religion, age, age at union and contraceptive behaviour all have significant effects on the likelihood of abortion. However, most of these effects significantly differ for southern and northern women. Moreover, the effects of agricultural work, son preference and age at union on the likelihood of abortion are significant for northern but not southern women.
movements and life history patterns of the skipjack tuna katsuwonus pelamis in the western pacific, as revealed by otolith sr:ca ratios
Authors: arai takaomi , kotake aya , kayama sadaaki , ogura miki , watanabe yoshiro
Published: October 2005

the strontium (sr) and calcium (ca) concentrations in the otoliths of the skipjack tuna katsuwonus pelamis collected in the western pacific ocean were examined by wavelength dispersive x-ray spectrometry on an electron microprobe. otolith sr:ca ratios of the tunas collected off the marshall islands in the tropical waters were constant over the life history transect of the otolith. in contrast, ratios in most tunas collected off sanriku in the temperate waters in october fluctuated from low to high at 1100–1800 μm from the core. a similar fluctuation of otolith sr:ca ratio from low to high was found in a skipjack tuna that was tagged and released off sanriku, and then recaptured off the palau islands. therefore, at least two life history patterns of the skipjack tunas, of global migration toward northern temperate regions and local residence in tropical spawning grounds, are suggested by specimens collected in the western pacific ocean.
abundance of giant sea anemones and patterns of association with anemonefishin the northern red sea
Authors: chadwick nanette e. , arvedlund michael
Published: October 2005

patterns of distribution and abundance of giant sea anemones and anemonefish were compared among coral reefs along the coastline of sinai in the northern red sea. the sea anemones varied widely in abundance between reef areas containing different habitat types. they were rare on steep reef slopes with abundant coral cover (=low-density anemone sites, 0.09–0.68 anemones per 1000 m2 of reef area), but were common at a site containing patch reefs interspersed with sand (=high-density anemone site, 6.00–8.11 anemones per 1000 m2). distributions of the endemic two-band anemonefish (amphiprion bicinctus) varied significantly between the two main host anemone species. at the high-density site, individuals of the sea anemone heteractis crispa either did not contain anemonefish, or were occupied by single juvenile fish as shown in previous studies. at low-density sites h. crispa usually hosted clusters of juvenile anemonefish. in contrast, individuals of the sea anemone entacmaea quadricolor hosted either single adult fish (high-density site) or pairs of breeding adults (low-density sites), frequently in addition to some juvenile fish. mechanisms that prevent anemonefish from reaching adult size and forming breeding pairs in h. crispa may include high fish mortality above a size threshold because this host cannot adequately protect them from predation when they become large, active emigration of fish to e. quadricolor as described in previous reports, and/or environmentally-controlled cessation of fish growth. we conclude that in the northern red sea, individuals of h. crispa potentially serve as nurseries for anemonefish.
do asymmetrical differences in primate brains correspond to cerebral lateralization?
Authors: broadfield douglas c.
Published: October 2005

an evolutionarily stable strategy (ess) may apply to characters expressed across species for predation and feeding, because these characters are conservative. however, the evolution of complex, polymorphic behaviors is more difficult to define as an ess. lateralization may be selective for certain simple traits, but lateralization of complex traits is likely the result of coadaptation of otherwise non-lateralized features.
realistic constraints on brain color perception and category learning
Authors: grossberg stephen
Published: October 2005

steels & belpaeme (s&b) ask how autonomous agents can derive perceptually grounded categories for successful communication, using color categorization as an example. their comparison of nativism, empiricism, and culturalism, although interesting, does not include key biological and technological constraints for seeing color or learning color categories in realistic environments. other neural models have successfully included these constraints.
interactions between genetic and environmental factors determine direction of population lateralization
Authors: deng chao
Published: October 2005

direction of the embyro's head rotation is determined by asymmetrical expression of several genes (such as shh, nodal, lefty, and fgf8) in hensen's node. this genetically determined head-turning bias provides a base for light-aligned population lateralization in chicks, in which the direction of the lateralization is determined by genetic factors and the degree of the lateralization is determined by environmental factors.
sunstein's heuristics provide insufficient descriptive and explanatory adequacy
Authors: hauser marc d.
Published: October 2005

in considering a domain of knowledge – language, music, mathematics, or morality – it is necessary to derive principles that can describe the mature state and explain how an individual reaches this state. although sunstein's heuristics go some way toward a description of our moral sense, it is not clear that they are at the right level of description, and as stated, they provide no guidelines for looking at the acquisition process – the problem of explanatory adequacy.
sharing perceptually grounded categories in uniform and nonuniform populations
Authors: jameson kimberly a.
Published: October 2005

steels & belpaeme's (s&b) procedure does not model much of the important variation that occurs across human color categorizers. human perceptual variation and its corollary consequences impact real-world color categorization. because of this, investigators with the primary aim of understanding color categorization and naming across cultures should exercise some caution extending these findings to explain how different human societies lexicalize color appearance space.
unity in the wild variety of nature, or just variety?
Authors: mcmanus i. c.
Published: October 2005

although there are some common underlying mechanisms for many nonhuman behavioural asymmetries, the evidence at present is not compelling for commonalities in cerebral organisation across vertebrates. phylogenetic analysis of detour behaviour in fish suggests that more closely related species are not particularly similar in the direction of turning; contingency and demands of ecological niches may better explain such asymmetries.
wide reflective equilibrium as an answer to an objection to moral heuristics
Authors: stein edward
Published: October 2005

if, as is not implausible, the correct moral theory is indexed to human capacity for moral reasoning, then the thesis that moral heuristics exist faces a serious objection. this objection can be answered by embracing a wide reflective equilibrium account of the origins of our normative principles of morality.
population lateralization arises in simulated evolution of non-interacting neural networks
Authors: reggia james a. , grushin alexander
Published: October 2005

recent computer simulations of evolving neural networks have shown that population-level behavioral asymmetries can arise without social interactions. although these models are quite limited at present, they support the hypothesis that social pressures can be sufficient but are not necessary for population lateralization to occur, and they provide a framework for further theoretical investigation of this issue.
in the tiniest house of time: parametric constraints in evolutionary models of symbolization
Authors: westbury chris , hollis geoff
Published: October 2005

steels & belpaeme (s&b) describe the role of genetic evolution in linguistic category sharing among a population of agents. we consider their methodology and conclude that, although it is plausible that genetic evolution is sufficient for such tasks, there is a bias in the presented work for such a conclusion to be reached. we suggest ways to eliminate this bias and make the model more convincingly relevant to the cognitive sciences.
what is culture made of?
Authors: yu chen , smith linda
Published: October 2005

culture is surely important in human learning. but the relation between culture and psychological mechanism needs clarification in three areas: (1) all learning takes place in real time and through real-time mechanisms; (2) social correlations are just a kind of learnable correlations; and (3) the proper frame of reference for cognitive theories is the perspective of the learner.
the story of orch5, or, the classical ghost in the hip-hop machine
Authors: fink robert
Published: October 2005

perhaps the first digital sample to become well known within popular music was actually a piece of western art music, the fragment of stravinsky's firebird captured within the fairlight computer musical instrument, the first digital ‘sampler’, as ‘orch5’. this loud orchestral attack was made famous by bronx dj afrika bambaataa, who incorporated the sound into his seminal 1982 dance track, ‘planet rock’. analysis of kraftwerk's ‘trans europe express’, also sampled for ‘planet rock’, provides an interpretive context for bambaataa's use of orch5, as well as the hundreds of songs that deliberately sought to copy its sound. kraftwerk's concerns about the decadence of european culture and art music were not fully shared by users of orch5 in new york city; its sound first became part of an ongoing afro-futurist musical project, and by 1985 was fully naturalised within the hip-hop world, no more ‘classical’ than the sound of scratching vinyl. to trace the early popular history of orch5's distinctive effect, so crucial for early hip-hop, electro, and detroit techno, is to begin to tell the post-canonic story of western art music.
critical karaoke
Authors: clover joshua , mlinko ange , marcus greil , powers ann , brooks daphne a.
Published: October 2005

the critical karaoke project was a specific response to the endless parade of polls, lists and casual questions about ‘the greatest songs of all time’ – particularly to how that measure seems mismatched to pop, which bets everything on transitory pleasures, intensities, its own evanescence. a number of critics, scholars, poets and musicians were invited to the experience music project's annual pop conference in seattle, in the spring of 2004, to talk about any one song of their choosing, without making a case for its lasting worth, or cultural importance, truth, beauty, or any of the other high art values. they just had to take a song they had believed, once, for a minute or a decade, was the greatest song ever … and give an account of why they thought that, or how it felt to believe. one of the dreams was to ask for criticism under the sign of the top 40, not the canon. the other was to hear talented writers tell stories about songs, as they appeared in their daily lives. the trick was that all the participants were asked to tell their story in the span of time it took to listen to the song they had chosen – with the song playing behind them.
emil wohlwill, galileo and his battle for the copernican system
Authors: schütt hans-werner
Published: October 2005

galileo galilei is one of the few figures in the history of science who has attracted the imagination even of laymen to the natural sciences. the battle of this great physicist against the domination of his church, a battle which he ultimately lost, manifests fundamental human interest that extends beyond the individual. galileo pits the right of the thinking individual against the right of an institution that defends its claim to set norms for individual thinking because it posseses superhuman truths.
Melancholia, Slavery, and Racial Pathology in Eighteenth-Century Cuba
Authors: Denis Adrián López
Published: October 2005

Between February of 1797 and July of 1798, Francisco Barrera y Domingo, a Spanish surgeon, wrote an extensive treatise on slave medicine in the Caribbean. Entitled Reflexiones Historico Fisico Naturales Medico Quirurgicas, this 894-page manuscript accounts for eighteen years of its author's professional practice in the region. It provides a clear picture of daily life in the sugar plantations as seen through the eyes of a modest surgeon, thus presenting us with an opportunity to explore the ideological and intellectual universe of this “invisible” category of colonial practitioners. Despite its importance, Barrera's Reflexiones remains almost unknown. Only a handful of scholars have even acknowledged the existence of the volume and no systematic analysis of its content is available in English.
Climate change and agriculture in Sri Lanka: a Ricardian valuation
Authors: SEO SUNG-NO NIGGOL , MENDELSOHN ROBERT , MUNASINGHE MOHAN
Published: October 2005

This paper measures climate change impacts on Sri Lankan agriculture using the Ricardian method. The model examines the net revenue per hectare of the four most important crops in the country. The limited range of temperature variation allows only a simple test of temperature impacts, but the greater range of precipitation across the country distinguishesmore complex precipitation effects.We then examine the impacts of the climate predictions of five AOGCM models and two simple uniform change scenarios for SriLanka. The impacts of rainfall increases are predicted to be beneficial to the country as a whole in all five AOGCM scenarios, but temperature increases are predicted to be harmful. Nationally, the impacts vary from −11 billion rupees (−20 per cent) to +39 billion rupees (+72 per cent) depending on the climate scenarios. With warming, the already dry regions (the Northern and Eastern provinces), are expected to lose large portions of their current agriculture, but the cooler regions (the central highlands), are predicted to remain the same or increase their output. The paper reconfirms that climate change damages could be large in tropical developing countries, but highly dependent on the actual climate scenario.
Tropical forest harvesting and taxation: a dynamic model of harvesting behavior under selective extraction systems
Authors: CONRAD ROBERT F. , GILLIS MALCOLM , MERCER D. EVAN
Published: October 2005

A dynamic model of selective harvesting in multi-species, multi-age tropical forests is developed. Forests are predicted to exhibit different optimal harvesting profiles depending on the nature of their joint cost functions and own or cross-species stock effects. The model is applied to the controversy about incentives produced by various taxes. The impacts of specific taxes are shown to depend on the composition of the forest stocks, growth rates, and joint cost effects. Therefore, specific taxes may create different incentives and impacts in Indonesia than in Brazil or Malaysia, for example, suggesting that no single uniform forest tax policy will be appropriate for all countries or all forests.
The Governance and Politics of Global Social Policy
Authors: Deacon Bob
Published: October 2005

This paper does four things. It reviews recent contributions to the literature concerning ‘global social policy’ – understood here as global social redistribution, global social regulation and global social rights. It traces recent developments and initiatives in one of these aspect of global social policy namely mechanisms of global redistribution. It discusses developments in the governance of global social policy arguing that this is increasingly the province of global networks, partnerships and tasks forces somewhat removed from public scrutiny. Finally, it reflects upon the need for and prospects of a global social reformist project and the contribution that both research and political alliances might play in this.
International Child Welfare: Deconstructing UNICEF's Country Programmes
Authors: Laird Siobhan E.
Published: October 2005

There has been exhaustive scrutiny of the policies of the Bretton Woods institutions and the United Nations Population Fund. UNICEF, despite a prominent role in agenda setting for children's welfare in developing countries, has not been subject to comparable scrutiny. This paper argues that the Country Programmes promulgated by UNICEF to improve children's welfare reflect ethnocentric conceptualisations of the family. As a case study, Ghana's Country Programme 2001–2005 is considered in detail. Anthropological studies are adduced to highlight underlying ethnocentric assumptions around social organisation. The ramifications of these assumptions are then considered.
Lernförderliches Feedback im modifizierten Lernpotenzial-Assessment Center
Authors: Stangel-Meseke Martina , Akli Heike , Schnelle Jessica
Published: October 2005

Zusammenfassung. Die betriebliche Forderung nach stärkerer Berücksichtigung der Lernfähigkeit von Mitarbeitern in Unternehmen resultiert auf wissenschaftlicher Seite in einer deutlichen Fokussierung auf die Prozessdiagnostik im Assessment Center (AC). Basierend auf dem Lerntestansatz sowie dessen Übertragungen auf den AC-Ansatz wurde ein innovatives Verfahren zur Stärkung des selbstregulativen Lernens von Mitarbeitern in Unternehmen entwickelt: das modifizierte Lernpotenzial-Assessment Center (modifiziertes LPAC). Die Besonderheit dieses Verfahrens liegt in seinem lernförderlichen Feedback-Prozess, der über ein theoriegeleitetes und instrumentengestütztes Vorgehen lernförderliche Verhaltensweisen der LPAC-Teilnehmer unterstützt und sich gegenüber einem herkömmlichen Feedback-Prozess mit ausschließlich externen Beobachtern als überlegen erweist. Mit Bezug auf die Erfolg versprechenden Ergebnisse der Motivationspsychologie zu Zielbildungsprozessen wird eine betriebliche LPAC-Studie, in der erstmalig Implementierungsintentionen (auch: Vorsätze) in den bisherigen LPAC-Feedback-Prozess integriert werden, vorgestellt. Die sich aus diesen Befunden ergebenden Konsequenzen für die betriebliche Praxis werden vorgestellt.
Fe‐Mg partitioning between (Mg, Fe)SiO3 post‐perovskite, perovskite, and magnesiowüstite in the Earth's lower mantle
Authors: Kobayashi Yusuke , Kondo Tadashi , Ohtani Eiji , Hirao Naohisa , Miyajima Nobuyoshi , Yagi Takehiko , Nagase Toshiro , Kikegawa Takumi
Published: October 2005

We report here new data on pressure dependence of Fe‐Mg partitioning between (Mg, Fe)SiO3 perovskite (Pv) and magnesiowüstite (Mw), KPv/Mw, and (Mg, Fe)SiO3 post‐perovskite (PPv) and Mw, KPPv/Mw, up to 123.6 GPa at 1600 K measured by synchrotron X‐ray diffraction method and analytical transmission electron microscopy (ATEM). We observed a high FeO content in PPv coexisting with Mw [KPPv/Mw = (FeO/MgO)PPv/(FeO/MgO)Mw = 0.30] compared to that in Pv [KPv/Mw = (FeO/MgO)Pv/(FeO/MgO)Mw = 0.12] observed from 23.0 to 95.4 GPa. KPv/Mw keeps a constant value of 0.12 up to the PPv phase boundary. Our results also support the possibility that a metallic phase may form in the lower mantle. The assemblage of PPv and Mw is 1.5–1.7% denser than the Pv bearing assemblage, which results in a gravitational stabilization of the lowermost mantle.
Infrasound associated with 2004–2005 large Sumatra earthquakes and tsunami
Authors: Le Pichon A. , Herry P. , Mialle P. , Vergoz J. , Brachet N. , Garcés M. , Drob D. , Ceranna L.
Published: October 2005

Large earthquakes that occurred in the Sumatra region in 2004 and 2005 generated acoustic waves recorded by the Diego Garcia infrasound array. The Progressive Multi‐Channel Correlation (PMCC) analysis is performed to detect the seismic and infrasound signals associated with these events. The study is completed by an inverse location procedure that permitted reconstruction of the source location of the infrasonic waves. The results show that ground motion near the epicenter and vibrations of nearby land masses efficiently produced infrasound. The analysis also reveals unique evidence of long period pressure waves from the tsunami earthquake (M9.0) of December 26, 2004.
A normalized description of the direct effect of key aerosol types on solar radiation as estimated from Aerosol Robotic Network aerosols and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer albedos
Authors: Zhou Mi , Yu H. , Dickinson R. E. , Dubovik O. , Holben B. N.
Published: October 2005

The interactions between aerosols and solar radiation are determined by a combination of aerosol properties (i.e., types), surface properties (i.e., albedo) and clouds. These determining factors vary for different regions. We examine how these differences contribute to the impact of aerosols on the top‐of‐atmosphere (TOA) and surface radiation. In this study, the AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) aerosol climatology is used, in conjunction with surface albedo and cloud products from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), to calculate the aerosol direct radiative effect (ADRE) and its normalized form (NADRE). The NADRE is defined as the ADRE normalized by optical depth at 550 nm and is mainly determined by internal aerosol optical properties and geographical parameters. These terms are evaluated for cloud‐free and cloudy conditions and for all‐mode and fine‐mode aerosols. Single‐scattering albedo is an important variable determining ADRE of biomass burning. Because of stronger absorption by the smoke over South Africa the average NADRE over South America is ∼35% larger at the TOA but ∼38% smaller at the surface than that over South Africa. The surface albedo is another important factor in determining ADRE, especially for mineral dust. As the surface albedo varies from ∼0.1 to ∼0.35, it is observed that the dust NADRE ranges from −44 to −17Wm−2τ−1at the TOA and from −80 to −48Wm−2τ−1at the surface over the Saharan deserts, Arabian Peninsula, and their surrounding oceans. We also find that the NADRE of fine‐mode aerosol is larger at the TOA but smaller at the surface in comparison to that of all‐mode aerosol because of its larger single‐scattering albedo and smaller asymmetry factor. Cloudy‐sky ADRE is usually not negligible for the observed cloud optical thickness, but the TOA ADRE with clouds is sensitive to the relative location of aerosols and cloud layer.