bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examination of the cross-sectional area of the carpal tunnel on fetal cadavers
Authors: Kondak Mehtap , Celep Merve , Haluk Uluutku3 Mehmet
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to determine the anatomical features of the carpal tunnel (CT) in fetal cadavers and understand the role of etiology in the development of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Seventy hand-wrist regions (35 right, 35 left) of 35 fetal cadavers (24 females; 11 males) that were not exposed to environmental factors and handedness were examined. The contents and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the CT were measured using ImageJ ©. The CSA consisting of the flexor tendons and median nerve (MN) in the CT were calculated as a percentage. The results showed that the area covered by the MN and flexor tendons in the CT was significantly smaller in female fetuses (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in other ratios between male and female fetuses (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the ratios regarding the CT and contents between the right and left-hand sides (P>0.05). It was concluded that the difference in CT anatomy may help explain the variations in the prevalence of CTS among genders. The lack of a difference between the right- and left-hand sides supports the theory that repetitive hand activities, hand dominance, and functional factors play a key role in the development of CTS by causing morphological changes in the CT, MN, and flexor tendons. In our opinion, the examination of CTs that have not been exposed to any environmental effects may provide guidance in understanding the effect of anatomical and morphometric features on the etiology of CTS.
Long-term supplementation with young coconut juice help prevent bone loss of orchidectomized rats by increasing connectivity density, percentage bone volume and osteoblast-/osteocyte-(ERα-/ ERβ-) immunoreactive cells of the L5 vertebra and femur
Authors: Asae Asma , Hutapea Albert M , Saetan Jirawat , Radenahmad Nisaudah
Published: July 2023

Adult male rats were orchidectomized (ORX) and treated with 17β-estradiol or young coconut juice (YCJ) for ten weeks. Their femur and L5 vertebra were dissected, and the percentage of bone volume was measured using a Micro-CT scan. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect ERα and ERβ to determine if the osteoporotic protective effects of YCJ were due to the attachment of the YCJ active components(s) to estrogen receptors. It was found that both ERα and ERβ were found in osteocytes and osteoblasts, but not osteoclasts. Compared to normal rats, the percentage of bone volume and number of osteoblast- and osteocyte- reactive cells of both femur and L5 were significantly reduced in ORX rats. Those numbers in the ORX rats were restored to normal by injecting estradiol benzoate or by feeding YCJ to the rats, which was not dose-related. Significant correlations were detected between osteoblast-/osteocyte- (ERα-/ERβ)-reactive cells vs. serum E2 level. The optimal dose of this study was 10 mL/kg BW/ day for ERα-of both osteoblasts and osteocytes and 40 mL/kg BW/day for ERβ-of both osteoblasts and osteocytes. The results suggest that YCJ may be as efficient as estradiol benzoate in attenuating osteoporosis, probably by being a selective estrogen receptor moderator.
Anatomy of the buccal fat pad for structures at risk during bichatectomy
Authors: Moreno-Salinas Andrea , Treviño-González José Luis , Casas-Murillo Claudio A , Aguilar-Morales Kouatzin , Pinales-Razo Ricardo , De La Parra-Marquez Miguel , E Elizondo-Omaña Rodrigo , Guzmán-Lopez Santos , Quiroga-Garza Alejandro
Published: July 2023

The buccal fat pad (BFP), is an adipose tissue located in the cheek, with complex morphology. Oral bichatectomy is a frequent aesthetic procedure with possible complications. Our objective was to determine the volume and its relationship with the upper 2nd molar and the facial artery (FA). A cross-sectional, observational study was performed. Computed tomography was used to obtain 3D images to determine volume, length, and width. Distances from the 2nd molar to each extension, and the nearest distance to the FA were measured. A total of 106 BFP (70 male) were included. The mean age was 51±21. The mean volume, length, and width were 13.8±5.4 ml, 72.9±10.7 mm, and 21.4±5.6 mm, respectively. The BFP extends mainly cephalically and caudally from the second molar, reaching upto 8.5 cm and 32 ml. The mean distance between the second molar and FA was 12.9 mm, but as close as 3 mm. The FA had a mean distance of 2.1mm to the nearest BFP extension, with 42.5% in intimate contact, and another 9.4% crossing the center of the masseter extension. There were no statistically significant differences between sexes. The BFP has a dynamic shape with highly variable size and volume. The FA is often at risk of damage during procedures due to proximity
Hybrid Warfare in Pakistan: How it’s Effecting CPEC
Authors: Hussain Sajjad , Roofi Yasmin , Faheem Farrukh , Qamar Muhammad Tariq Rasheed
Published: July 2023

This study explains the challenges linked with Hybrid Warfare that affect CPEC’s projects in Pakistan. This work also weighs the hybrid warfare implications on CPEC and the steps required to counter threats. In the existing literature, the definitions of fifth-generation warfare and hybrid warfare are overlapping. In simple terms, Hybrid warfare is a form of warfare that targets the enemy country by targeting its culture, social fabric, and economy. Hybrid warfare is a post-9/11 phenomenon that becoming lethal day by day. This study only focuses on Military analysts, and researchers’ analysis that how India had used hybrid war tactics to “destabilize Pakistan” regarding CPEC. This paper aims to study the various facets of 5th Generation Warfare and hybrid warfare regarding CPEC in its contemporary context. This too will analyze what can be done to combat the challenges that lay ahead to sabotage CPEC.
Psycho-social Correlates of Driving Behavior: A Masculinity Perspective
Authors: Noreen Mehwish , Noor Sara
Published: July 2023

The goal of the current study was to examine the relationship between identity traits, manliness, and aggressive driving in young male drivers. Manliness was hypothesized to mediate the relationship between identity traits and aggressive driving. It is generally agreed that there will likely be a relationship between identity features, manliness, and forceful driving in young male drivers, and that manliness will probably operate as an intermediary in that relationship. It is a cross-sectional co-relational research study. A total of 150 young male drivers made up the sample. Purposive sampling was used to gather the sample from various Lahore institutions. The Doing Masculinity Composite Scale (DMCS), the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), and the Aggressive Driving Behavior Questionnaire (ADBQ) are among the measures. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to examine the mediating effect of masculinity between aggressive driving behavior and personality factors. Pearson product moment correlation was utilized to evaluate the relationship between the study variables. The goal of this study is to identify any potential psycho-social causes of aggressive driving in order to develop a strategy to curb this behavior while improving men's social perception.
Praktik Baik: Penguatan Kemitraan Keluarga, Satuan Pendidikan dan Masyarakat Di TK
Authors: Satuh Ni Wayan
Published: July 2023

Adanya hubungan timbal balik yang saling bersinergi yaitu hubungan antara keluarga, sekolah, pengasuh sekolah terhadap masyarakat, serta pengaruh masyarakat dengan sekolah yang akan dididik. Lembaga melalui program-program unggulan guna membentuk guru yang profesional serta peserta didik yang berkarakter sehingga harapan mewujudkan TK berkarakter dapat sukses tepat sasaran. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan ini yaitu: Tri Pusat Pendidikan adalah Keluarga, Sekolah dan Masyarakat mempunyai fungsi dan peran yang sangat penting dalam penguatan pendidikan karakter manusia. Tri Pusat harus bersinergi menjalin hubungan kerjasama, mempunyai hubungan timbal balik satu dengan yang lainnya agar pendidikan terutama penguatan karakter bsia berjalan selaras dan harmonis. Adanya program unggulan yang dibidikkan pada Tri Pusat, Keluarga, Sekolah dan Masyarakat yang disinergikan dapat membangun profesional pendidik dan karakter peserta didik dalam mewujudkan lembaga TK Kumara Sari V yang berkarakter
Pemanfaatan Media Sosial Dalam Meningkatkan Pemasaran Dimasa Pandemik Pada Usaha Mikro, Kecil Dan Menegah (Umkm)
Authors: Yatnosaputro Rosanti Utami D.S. , Dzakiyyah Rifaa , Cindy Novi
Published: July 2023

AbstrakPandemi global Covid-19 yang melanda negara Indonesia memaksa agar masyarakat membatasi aktifitasnya. Penerapan pembatasan social yang bertujuan menahan laju pertambahan kasus tertular virus Covid-19 berdampak juga pada kehidupan social masyarakat diantaranya ekonomi. Permasalahan yang ditemukan di Desa Haruman, kecamatan Leles, Kabupaten Garut adalah kesulitan para pelaku UMKM utamanya dalam melakukan pemasaran hasil produksinya. Melihat kondisi di Desa Haruman tersebut, penulis melihat perlu dilakukan terobosan untuk dapat menjangkau target pasar UMKM yaitu dengan memanfaatkan perkembangan internet dan juga alat yang dimiliki oleh para pelaku UMKM. Pengabdian masyarakat dilaksanakanÂ  dalam bentuk pengenalan, sosialisasi dan pendampingan dalam memanfaatkan internet untuk kegiatan pemasaran yaitu memanfaat sosial media dan juga market place. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat di Desa Haruman, Kecamatan Leles adalah memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam menggunakan sosial media dalam melakukan pemasaran produk UMKM sehingga dalam kondisi pandemic dan adanya pembatasan sosial UMKM di Desa Haruman, Kecamatan Leles tetap dapat berjalan dan berkembang.Kata-kata kunci: Pemasaran; umkm; media sosial.Abstract The global Covid-19 pandemic that hit Indonesia forced people to limit their activities. The implementation of social restrictions aimed at restraining the rate of increase in cases of contracting the Covid-19 virus has an impact on the social life of the community, including the economy. The problem found in Haruman Village, Leles sub-district, Garut Regency is the difficulty of the main MSME actors in marketing their products. Seeing the conditions in Haruman Village, the author sees that a breakthrough is needed to be able to reach the MSME target market, namely by utilizing the development of the internet and also the tools owned by MSME actors. Community service is carried out in the form of introduction, socialization and assistance in utilizing the internet for marketing activities, namely utilizing social media and also the market place. The results of community service in Haruman Village, Leles District are providing knowledge and skills in using social media in marketing MSME products so that in a pandemic condition and MSME social restrictions in Haruman Village, Leles District can still run and develop.Keywords: Marketing; umkm; social media.
The discrepancy between the values of the Hubble constant and the effect of dark energy on baryonic matter
Authors: Harutyunian H.
Published: July 2023

It seems clear that researchers have not yet fully appreciated the true implications of the discovery of dark energy for understanding evolutionary processes in the baryonic universe. Based on general physical considerations, we consider here the influence of dark energy on baryon objects at the level of atomic nuclei and elementary particles. For such an analysis, the concept is adopted, according to which the entire baryonic Universe interacts with dark energy on all cosmic scales. The consequences seem quite dramatic, since the accumulation of energy in the baryon world changes the energy balance and reduces the binding energy of all objects, including atomic nuclei. Consequently, the nuclear mass defect decreases, their mass increases, and both effects make the nuclei more and more unstable. This leads to the destabilization of all nuclei and their gradual transfer to the stage of radioactive decay, which increases over time the relative amount of light elements, including hydrogen. Evolution under the influence of dark energy, on the other hand, increases the masses of atomic nuclei. We have used this hypothetical effect to interpret the so-called ”Hubble tension” paradox. This also makes it possible to estimate the growth of the proton mass due to dark energy.
Evolutionary stages of the universe
Authors: Natsvlishvili R.
Published: July 2023

The matter from which the Metagalaxy is formed is constantly changing, evolving. Since the speed of propagation of the electromagnetic wave in space is not instantaneous, it is limited, within the capabilities of existing powerful telescopes, we can observe the forms of matter in different stages of the evolution of the Metagalaxy in chronological order. So, the more distant the form of matter in the Metagalaxy, the earlier, or younger, it is. In this article, we tried to characterize the stages of the Metagalaxy evolution from a dynamic point of view. In the case of such a model of the Universe, quasars are objects of earlier stage of the evolution of galaxies, and blazars are objects of an intermediate stage between quasars and galaxies.
Investigations of late-type giant stars from the First Byurakan Spectral Sky Survey
Authors: Kostandyan G. R. , Gigoyan K. S. , Gigoyan K. K.
Published: July 2023

We study late-type giants found in the First Byurakan Survey (FBS) data base. The third Gaia data release (Gaia EDR3) photometric and astrometric data have been used to characterize our sample of 1 100 M-type giants and 130 C-type stars found at high latitudes. Phase dependent light-curves from large sky area variability data bases such as Catalina Sky Survey (CSS) and The light curves from the Catalina Sky Survey (CSS), All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) databases were exploited to study their variability nature. Using TESS light curves, the variability types of some objects have been established for the first time.
BL Lacertae: dynamics of a quasi-stationary feature in the inner part of a relativistic jet
Authors: Hambardzumyan L. A. , Arshakian T. G. , Pushkarev A. B.
Published: July 2023

Radio interferometric VLBA observations allow the mapping of relativistic jets with sub-milliarcsecond resolution, which enables the studying of the fine structure and dynamics of the jets in active galactic nuclei. A quasi-stationary component (QSC) near the radio core is observed in a number of blazars. VLBA monitoring of the BL Lacertae object at 15 GHz has shown that the QSC located at about 0.26 mas from the radio core is followed by superluminal components, whose dynamics forms the structure of the jet on parsec scales. We study the trajectory of the QSC using the 164 epochs taken from the MOJAVE (Monitoring Of Jets in Active galactic nuclei with VLBA Experiments) database. The trajectory of the QSC is complex, and we use a moving average smoothing filter to track the intrinsic motion of the QSC. At small time scales of few months, we find that the QSC makes a swinging motion with about 23 reversals over 20 years with an average period of about 0.5 years. The trajectories between the reversals have varying lengths with a mean value of about 30 μas (∼ 0.04 pc) and curvatures of varying degrees. Number of clockwise reversals are about twice less than that of anticlockwise reversals.
Wines with sustainable attributes: How much do consumers know about them, and why does it matter?
Authors: Alimohammadirokni Mohammad , Emadlou Atefeh , Velikova Natalia
Published: July 2023

Product knowledge is one of the key factors affecting consumer decisions, including purchasing sustainable products. Yet, it is not clear how much consumers know about non-conventional wines and whether they can differentiate between the different types of such wines. The current paper investigates the impact of consumers' knowledge types on their attitudes and purchase intention for non-conventional wines. The data were obtained using an online survey of 201 wine consumers. Findings indicate that product knowledge should be viewed as a multidimensional concept requiring categorization into distinct types. The results also revealed that subjective and objective knowledge of sustainable and organic wines appear to be strongly linked to positive attitudes and purchasing decisions. However, the prior experience did not impact forming positive attitudes and purchase intention. Regarding biodynamic wines, it was shown that only subjective knowledge influenced attitude and consequently the purchase intention. The findings provide important implications, especially for retailers or marketers attempting to sell non-conventional wines, because consumers' purchase intention and attitudes could be positively stimulated when marketing activities focus on certain types of knowledge.
أطوار تخلّق الجنين ومراحل نشأته في الشريعة والطب
Authors: رجبي حسين , آقائي رسول , الزيداوي حسن
Published: July 2023

إنَّ معرفة أطوار الجنين ومراحل تخلّقه ونشأته والاطلاع عليها لها فوائد كبيرة وعظيمة في تشخيص فترات ومدد تلك الأطوار والمراحل العمرية وبيان صفاتها، للحفاظ عليه وتوفير الحماية له والمواظبة على رعايته ورعاية الأم التي تحمله وظروفها الحساسة التي تمر بها وخصوصاً في وقت الحمل ومن تلك الفوائد أيضاً أنه لا سامح الله في حالة إسقاطه وإجهاضه يمكن للمشرع من تحديد وترتّب القيمة المادية والمعنوية على ذلك وطبقاً للطور والمرحلة التي أجهز عليه كما هو الساري والمعمول به عند بعض متخصصي الفقه والقانون، وهذه الدراسة محاولة وإطلالة مختصرة لبيان تلك الأطوار والمراحل في الشريعة والطب ومقارنتها نسأل الله العظيم إن يجعلها في سبيله وإن يعم فائدتها إنه ولي النعم والكرم.
المعاملات الربوية في القران الكريم (دراسة في الاثار والمعالجات)
Authors: رشك جاسب
Published: July 2023

الربا هي الزيادة الحاصلة في البيع، ولكن ليست كل زيادة، والا لصارت المعاملات كلها محرمة، فالكثير من المعاملات يقصد منها الزيادة في البيع، ولاجل ذلك قسمت الروايات الشريفة الربا المحرم الى الربا القرضي والربا المعاملي او الربا المعاوضي.

وقد وردت الكثير من الايات المباركة في القران الكريم عن حرمة الربا لما له من اثار وخيمة في حياة الانسان الفرد والمجتمع، من اكل للمال الباطل، والى الكوارث الاقتصادية والاجتماعية التي تعم المجتمع فيما اذا اصبح ظاهرة لم تعالج، والى الجرائم الاجتماعية التي تحدث لبعض الافراد فيما اذا لم يستطيعوا تسديد ما عليهم من اموال للمرابي، الى حصول الطبقية بين افراد المجتمع .

ولاجل ذلك نرى الاسلام العظيم والقران الكريم قد تناول الربا بايات كثيرة وحذر منه اشد التحذير لان فيه خسارة الدنيا والاخرة واعطى البديل المناسب الذي ينفع الانسان في الدنيا والاخرة وهو الزكاة كما في قوله تعالى :(وَمَاآتَيْتُمْ مِنْ رِبًا لِيَرْبُوَ فِي أَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ فَلَا يَرْبُو عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَمَا آتَيْتُمْ مِنْ زَكَاةٍ تُرِيدُونَ وَجْهَ اللَّهِ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُضْعِفُونَ).

وقد تناولنا في هذا الموضوع (المعاملات الربوية في القران الكريم دراسة في الاثار والمعالجات) مبحثين في المبحث الاول تناولنا اثار المعاملات الربوية التي يتعرض لها المجتمع كالبطالة، والفوارق الطبقية، والاستعمار الاقتصادي والعسكري، وهلاك القرى، وغيرها من الاثار السيئة .

والمبحث الثاني تناولنا المعالجات التي تراها مناسبة في الحد او القضاء على الربا وهذا كله من خلال المنهج القراني، كالتثقيف على اضرار الربا، والتفقه في الدين، والحث على العمل في الزراعة والصناعة واداء الحقوق الشرعية وانشاء المصارف الاسلامية تجنبا من الوقوع في المعاملات الربوية .
نشأة الصحافة العربية العُمانية في زنجبار (1329هـ - 1383هـ / 1911م - 1964م)
Authors: السيابية سعاد
Published: July 2023

عُرِفت الصحافة العربية في زنجبار بوصفها نتاجًا ثقافيًّا انبثق بعد ظهور المطبعة السلطانية التي دخلت زنجبار في عهد السيِّد برغش بن سعيد عام 1882م، والتي تُعَدُّ إحدى أقدم المطابع التي ذاع صيتها في شرق إفريقيا آنذاك. وما إنْ ظهرت هذه الصحف، حتى كان لكلٍّ منها توجُّهات ثقافية، وأبعاد سياسية مُعيَّنة، أَمْلَتْها جُمْلة من الوقائع والأحداث المتوالية، والتحوُّلات السياسية والاجتماعية في تلك الحِقبة، أدَّت دورًا مهمًّا في تحقيق الوحدة الوطنية، ونشر الثقافة العربية وتعاليم الدين الإسلامي، وتنوير عقول الشعب عامة، عن طريق ما كان يُنشَر فيها من مقالات وأخبار مُتنوِّعة، لا سيَّما أنَّه عُهِد بهذه الصحف إلى نخبة من العلماء والمُثقَّفين الذين كان لهم تأثير واضح في مختلف شرائح المجتمع.

      تتمثَّل أهمية هذه الدراسة في الوقوف على أهم الصحف العربية العُمانية التي أُنشِئت في زنجبار، وتقصّي عوامل نشأتها، وتعرُّف أهم رُوّادها منذ عام 1911م، وبيان ماهية القضايا التي ركَّزت عليها. ومن المُلاحَظ أنَّ هذه الصحف قد أَوْلت قضايا المجتمع المختلفة، والقضايا السياسية جُلَّ اهتمامها، وكان للقضايا العُمانية والعالمية أيضًا حضور لافت في صفحاتها؛ إذ تُعَدُّ هذه الحِقبة من تاريخ زنجبار مرحلة مهمة تزخر بالأحداث التي أثَّرت بصورة أساسية في المجتمع المحلي بزنجبار سياسيًّا واجتماعيًّا واقتصاديًّا.

     تروم الدراسة تتبُّع عوامل نشأة الصحف العربية العُمانية في زنجبار، وتعرُّف أهم هذه الصحف ورُوّادها، وكذلك المصادر التي اعتمدت عليها في تقصّي الأخبار، فضلًا عن التماس الدور الذي أدَّته هذه الصحف في تنوير عقول العامة بخصوص القضايا والأحداث التي شهدتها زنجبار، وعلى رأسها قضية تأصيل الوحدة الوطنية التي حاولت بريطانيا زعزعتها؛ نظرًا إلى خضوع زنجبار وقتئذٍ للوصاية البريطانية.

    لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة، اعتمدت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي والمنهج التحليلي التاريخي لرصد الجانب المُتعلِّق بعوامل نشأة الصحف العربية في زنجبار، وحصر أهم هذه الصحف وتحديدها، وتتبُّع نوعية القضايا المطروحة فيها.

     جاءت هذه الدراسة في تمهيد، وثلاثة محاور رئيسة. أمّا التمهيد فعرض لُمْحة موجزة عن تاريخ الصحافة العالمية، وأمّا المحور الأوَّل فتطرَّق إلى عوامل نشأة الصحافة في زنجبار، وأمّا المحور الثاني فتناول بالتحديد أهم الصحف العربية العُمانية التي تأسَّست في زنجبار، في حين بحث المحور الثالث في أهم المصادر التي اعتمدتها هذه الصحف في نقل أخباها، ثمَّ انتهت الدراسة بخاتمة لخَّصت أهم النتائج التي توصَّلت إليها.
التركيب التعليمي النسبي للسكان الاناث في الاردن للعامين 2010 - 2018
Authors: شمخي ختام
Published: July 2023

تكمن أهمية البحث لتناوله شريحة مهمة واساسية في تكوين المجتمع من جوانب متعددة، حيث تركز الدراسة على التركيب التعليمي للإناث في المجتمع الاردني، اذ ان المستوى التعليمي والثقافي ومستوى الوعي لدى المرأة ينعكس وبشكل كبير على مستوى المجتمع ككل من جوانب شتى فدليل تقدم المجتمعات هو بتقدم شريحة الاناث. وجاءت الدراسة لتسليط الضوء على التركيب التعليمي للإناث في الاردن وفقا لبيانات تعدادي عام (2010 ــــــ 2018). كما ركزت الدراسة على التغيرات في المستوى التعليمي ابتداء من الامية حتى الحاصلات على شهادة الدكتوراه خلال تلك المدة على مستوى محافظات المملكة وفقا للبيئة الاجتماعية، تكونت الدراسة من مبحثين تناول الاول منها التباين المكاني للتركيب التعليمي وفقا لكل محافظة في الاردن، اما المبحث الثاني فقد تناول دراسة التباين المكاني للتركيب التعليمي وفقا للبيئة (حضر ــ ريف)، فضلا عن المقدمة والإطار النظري للدراسة. كما خرجت الدراسة بمجموعة من الاستنتاجات التي كان أبرزها انخفاض الامية من (10,3%) عام 2010 الى (7,2%) عام 2018. كما اظهرت الدراسة زيادة الاناث في المستويات التعليمية المتوسطة والمتقدمة من (11.8، 0.3، 0.6، 0.1 %) لكل من البكالوريوس والدبلوم العالي والماجستير والدكتوراه على التوالي عام 2010 الى (17.0، 0.2، 0.9، 0.2 %) عام 2018 وكذلك الفارق واضح بحسب البيئة، ووضعت الدراسة مجموعة من التوصيات في هذا الصدد.
دراسة نقدية في ألفاظ غرر الفوائد ودرر القلائد للشريف المرتضى (ت436ه)
Authors: احمد زهراء
Published: July 2023

يُعَد كتاب الأمالي للشريف المرتضى من الكتب التي تناولت  تأويل بعض من آيات القرآن الكريم والأحاديث النبوية الشريفة وكلام العرب من الشعر والأمثال وبيان اللبس واللغط في تفسيرها، إذ إنَّه لم يُسلم برأي واحدٍ، إنما يأخذ عدّة اراء، يناقشها ويبيّن الغلط فيها, مستدلاً بآياتٍ قرآنية وأحاديث نبوية وأقوال العلماء لتعزيز رأيه، إذ يناقش تلك الآراء، ويتناول أخبار الشعراء والمتكلمين ومعتقداتهم الفكرية والأصولية، لذلك رأيت أنْ أبحث في هذا الموضوع وأختار عنوانا له " دراسة نقدية في الفاظ غرر الفوائد ودرر القلائد للشريف المرتضى (ت436ه)"، وجاءت دراستي في تمهيد ومطلبين درست في التمهيد مراحل النقد عند العرب والتعريف بالشريف المرتضى, ولادته، تلاميذه، مؤلفاته، أما المطلب الأول فكان الكلام فيه عن مستويات النقد اللغوي الأربع والمطلب الثاني فكان (دراسة نقدية  في الفاظ غرر الفوائد ودرر القلائد) وهو مقصد موضوعنا.
Exploring the Impact of Social Media Facebook Platform on Students’ Motivation and Lexical Competence.
Authors: Al-Khazaali Husam , Amirian Zahra
Published: July 2023

The purpose of the study is to determine whether social media platforms such as Facebook have any impact on how well students develop their vocabulary and improve motivation. The group has been assigned to the experimental group in order to monitor the development of lexical competence and motivation as they receive treatment. This group was created on Facebook by the researcher to implement the experiment to the EG by uploading educational videos and audio, drills, and other educational materials. Students in the control group, on the other hand, receive language instruction in a conventional manner.

The use of a questionnaire and a pretest-posttest design is part of a mixed-methods approach. The researchers discovered statistically significant differences in vocabulary development and motivational stimulus between the experimental group and the control group after implementing the intervention. This indicates that compared to students who received the traditional method of instruction, those who received the treatment had better vocabulary development and were more motivated. It can be concluded that using Facebook in educational settings can be advantageous and useful as a tool for teaching and learning languages.
General knowledge of stroke in Aparecida city: reports from an academic expedition
Authors: Jung Eun Sun , Carreira Luis Fernando Gomes , Vianna Vinicius Finisguerra , Azevedo Taina Ribeiro , Gagliardi Rubens José
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Stroke is the second main cause of death and the leading cause of disability in Brazil. The incapacity to recognize the disease and its underlying risk factors can compromise its prevention and delay the search for a health professional. Objectives: To analyze the general knowledge regarding recognizing and preventing stroke in a low-income community in Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the city of Aparecida in January 2023. Patients attending a program organized by students of “Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo” called “Programa de Expedições Científicas Assistenciais” were interviewed. The questions verified the understanding of stroke, the risk factors, and the capacity to recognize, prevent and manage it. An ethics committee previously approved this research, and a consent form was acquired. Patients younger than 18 years old or that did not sign the consent were excluded. Results: From a total of 260 participants, 34.6% were men; the average age of 53,8 years; most had an incomplete lower secondary school (31.5%) level of education and self-declared as white (56.9%). Among the interviewees, 42.3% conceptualized stroke or the popular term “derrame”, and 61.2% could not define either; 85.4% recognized at least one symptom, mostly paresthesia (26.8%). The most noted strategies for prevention were physical activities (33.8%), healthy eating (31.2%), and controlling blood pressure (21.9%). When witnessing a stroke, 54.6% would call the emergency service, and 0.76% would time the beginning of symptoms. In addition, 74.3% had an acquaintance who suffered from a stroke. Conclusion: Most of the interviewees had little knowledge about stroke, which can lead to higher rates of preventable morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is necessary to reinforce mechanisms for recognizing, preventing, and managing the disease.
The importance of nonpharmacological strategies and the management of depression in patients with multiple sclerosis: an integrative review
Authors: Cananéa Neto Simeão Fernandes Cardoso , Bevenuto Brendo Bezerra , Dantas Iury Hélder Santos , Melo Neto Fernando de Paiva , Oliveira Bianca Etelvina Santos de
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Among the symptoms that patients with MS may develop, depression stands out, which is associated with an important decline in quality of life. The presence of this symptom is associated with a worse prognosis. There is much support in the literature of the positive role that non-pharmacological measures play in controlling depression in patients with MS, with a range of options for the patient to choose from. Objectives: To analyze studies that deal with non-pharmacological therapeutic strategies against depression in patients with MS. Methods: This scientific article was written in the form of an integrative literature review, which used the databases of the Scielo and the PubMed as a source of extraction of publications. The keywords used were: “Multiple sclerosis”, “Depression” and “Complementary Therapies”’. Among the inclusion criteria, articles were included between the years 2015 and 2020, published in English or Portuguese, available in full and in the form of meta-analyzes, systematic reviews and randomized clinical trials. Results: The bibliographic survey carried out led to 15 scientific articles, all of which were randomized clinical trials and published in English. The articles reported that non-pharmacological interventions, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, physical activity, yoga, Guided Imagery, mindfulness and diet, had positive effects on depressive symptoms in MS. Conclusion: The survey of data for the construction of the scientific article led to the conclusion that non-pharmacological measures play an important role in the control of depressive episodes in patients with MS. The combination of drug therapy and non-pharmacological practice leads to better responses.
Phenotypic and neuroimage differences in Corticobasal syndrome from two clinical cases
Authors: Beltrão Thais Winkeler , Nunes Luiz Eduardo Duarte Borges , Brandão Simone Cristina Soares , Barbosa Breno José Alencar Pires
Published: July 2023

Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by cognitive and motor symptoms and neurologic-functional progressive deterioration. The phenotypes can be associated with the underlying proteinopathies like Corticobasal Degeneration (CBD), Progressive Supranuclear Palsy or Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). This work aimed to study, in two cases, the correlations between clinical phenotypes, neuroimage markers and the underlying pathology. Clinical and neuroimage data of two patients was revised. The patient 1, 62-year-old, female, incomplete elementary school, presented progressive non fluent aphasia (NFA) for two years and evolved with limb apraxia and extrapyramidal signs of the right upper limb. The Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) revealed moderate hypometabolism of temporal lobes and middle frontal gyrus predominating on the left side. It fulfilled the criteria for CBS and suggested CBD. The patient 2, 57-year-old, female, graduated, presented NFA, heminegligence, cognitive impairment, bradykinesia and myoclonus. PET-FDG revealed asymmetric hypometabolism in the superior and inferior parietal lobes, posterior cingulum gyrus and worse in precuneus. The investigation of cerebrospinal fluid revealed consumed amyloid beta and increased phosphorylated and total TAU. It fulfilled probable CBS and suggested AD. These cases demonstrate the role of the PET-FDG in CBS and reveal its possible metabolic signatures: when caused by AD, the hypometabolism predominates in the posterior temporoparietal areas, and when caused by tau pathology, in the thalamus and brainstem, mainly contralateral to the most affected side. CBS has been widely studied with relatively new methods, like the cerebral FDG-PET. Studies that deepen the phenotypic heterogeneity and biomarkers of CBS would be important to improve its classification, prognostic and treatment.
Cadasil syndrome: a case report
Authors: Silva Júnior Sérgio Roberto Pereira da , Lima Isadora Chain , Ferreira Marcos Venâncio Araújo , Gomes Rafael Henrique Neves , Correia Fabiana Carla dos Santos , Beber Marina Chamon , Sousa Marcus Vinicius de , Almeida Murilo Justino de , Pires Leopoldo Antônio
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a genetic disease with an autosomal dominant transmission due to pathogenic variants in the NOTCH3 gene on chromosome 19. This condition causes angiopathy and is associated with high risks of strokes and vascular dementia in young adults. The present case reports a 60-year-old woman with the diagnosis of this condition after moderate cognitive impairment and advanced microangiopathy. Case report: KAO, 60-year-old, presented for evaluation after a 10-year moderate cognitive impairment, with short term memory loss without functional impairment at that point. She also referred multiple episodes of neurological deficits along the years, including vertigo and gait impairment. Neurological examination showed a wide-based gait, dismetria and disdiadococinesia and global hiperreflexia. She scored 15/30 on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, with noted attentional deficits, memory loss and visuoespacial impairment. Family history was positive for her 62-year-old mother having history of stroke, followed by major cognitive impairment. Brain Magnetic Rrsonance Imaging showed severe white matter impairment with confluent hyperintensities — Fazekas 3, in addition to hipointensity in frontal lobes and in left side of cerebellum, suggesting hemosiderin deposition. Cardiological exams didn’t show any other significant cardiovascular risk factors. The patient was submitted to genetic testing that confirmed an atypical heterozygous pathogenic variant in NOTCH3. Conclusion: CADASIL is caused, in approximately 95% of cases, by point mutations in the NOTCH3 gene (a subtype of transmembrane receptor that acts in signaling between neighboring cells, being located in vascular muscle cells). This gene is located on chromosome 19p13.12 (OMIM #125310). The prevalence is 2:100,000, but varies in different populations. Penetrance is believed to be 100%, but it is age dependent. The severity of symptoms and disease progression are diverse, with great intra and interfamilial phenotypic variability
Metabolic syndrome in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Miyata Marcela Misao , Brito Mariana Rabelo de , Nucci Anamarli , França Jr. Marcondes Cavalcante
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most frequent muscle dystrophy in children. It is an X-linked condition caused by loss of function variants in the DMD gene. During disease course, affected patients lose lean body mass, become severely motor disabled and are often treated with long term steroids. All these factors pose them at increased risk for developing metabolic syndrome (MS), even as children. Surprisingly, there are few studies addressing this aspect in DMD cohorts, particularly in Brazil. Objectives: To estimate the frequency and risk factors for DMD-related MS in a Brazilian cohort. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 33 patients with DMD regularly followed at Universidade Estadual de Campinas. All subjects underwent detailed clinical (blood pressure, body mass index, motor function) and laboratorial (serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), cholesterol and triglyceride levels) evaluation. We also recorded demographic, genetic and steroid use (cumulative dose) data from each subject. MS was defined according to the international federation of diabetes criteria for children/teenagers. Results: Mean age of patients was 10.54 years and there were 60% of wheelchair bound. Most of them had either deletions (n = 15) or duplications (n = 6). None of the patients fulfilled the entire set of criteria for MS. However, particular clinical features of the syndrome were frequently found: Obesity in 60%, Central obesity in 70.36% and increased blood pressure in 21.7%. Glucose and Hb1Ac were normal in all individuals, but increased cholesterol and/or triglyceride levels were noticed in 33.33% of the patients. Conclusion: Metabolic abnormalities are frequent and should be actively investigated in DMD. The existing MS diagnostic criteria may not be adequate for these patients and contribute to underdiagnosis.
Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord in copper deficiency: case report
Authors: Assunção Darah Fontes da Silva , Gonzaga Bruno Pissolati Mattos , Chung Gabriel , Prado Marcelle Sanjuan Ganem , Kormanski Matheus Kohama , Cavalheiro Renan Brandão Rambaldi , Oliveira Francisco Tomaz Meneses de , Gagliardi Rubens José
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Copper deficiency is a rare disease that can present with a wide variety of symptoms, with myelopathy as the most common neurological presentation. The clinical features are characterized by sensory ataxia, spasticity and sensory-motor neuropathy. The risk factor that has the most impact is previous gastrointestinal surgery, but a large part of cases remain without a determined cause. The aim to present a case of combined subacute medullary degeneration secondary to copper deficiency with good response to treatment by reviewing the patient’s medical record. Case report: Male, 47-year-old, with no pathological history or previous surgeries. His symptoms started 12 days after coronavirus disease 2019 infection, as paresthesias in the lower limbs, urinary retention and progressive weakness. Imaging exams showed longitudinally extensive cervical and thoracic medullary injury compromising posterior and posterolateral regions, without contrast uptake. Complementary investigation demonstrated low serum copper. After oral and parenteral copper supplementation, the patient evolved with significant improvement. The etiological investigation of copper deficiency remains undetermined until the moment. Discussion: Myelopathy secondary to copper deficiency is characterized by being clinically and radiologically indistinguishable from subacute combined spinal cord degeneration due to vitamin B12 deficiency. Diagnosis and treatment are often delayed. Neurological manifestations are only partially reversible with copper supplementation, demonstrating poor prognosis. In the case described, the important recovery evidenced after the treatment stands out. It is suggested that combined oral and parenteral therapy with a multidisciplinary approach, as motor physiotherapy, are related to better neurological recovery.
Acute multiple sclerosis after immunization with Pfizer-Biontech COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Maia Victória Arrais , Vasconcelos Francyanne Campelo , Delmondes Emanuela Alves , Melo Paulo Mácio Porto de
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) is crucial to controlling the pandemic. Although there are not yet enough data on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the risk of patients develop Multiple Sxlerosis, it is likely that older patients with higher disability and associated complications have a higher risk of complications from COVID-19 infections. Multiple sclerosis is defined as an inflammatory demyelinating disease characterized by the presence of episodes of neurological dysfunction in at least two areas of the central nervous system (brain, spinal cord and optic nerves) separated in time and space. Case report: A 37-year-old male patient, took the first dose of the pfizer vaccine in July 2021, after three months in October 2021, he started symptoms of bilateral paresthesia in the lower limbs evolving with weakness and faecal incontinence, 21 days later he sought medical service and underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the skull with the finding of eight small oval foci (> 3 mm) of hypersignal in T2 and FLAIR (Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery) in the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres, including periventricular regions. without signs of acute inflammation. cerebrospinal fluid puncture showed the presence of oligoclonal bands associated with an immunoglobulin G index of 1.006 mg/dL. Vaccinated patients can present a myriad of symptoms and autoimmune disorders have been correlated to it. Conclusion: There is no cure for multiple sclerosis, the focus is the fast recovery from acute attacks reducing new relapses and slow progression of disease as well as brain atrophy and disability accumulation. To accomplish this purpose there are several disease modifying therapies for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Interferon beta medications are the most prescribed medications, with the mechanism of reducing inflammation and increasing nerve growth. Patients taking interferons need blood tests to monitor liver enzymes and experience side effects.
Development of fish hamburger with reduced sodium content using sweet passion fruit shell flour
Authors: SILVA Iris Laura Lima da , COUTINHO Juliane dos Santos , GOES Elenice Souza dos Reis , TOBAL Thaise Mariá
Published: July 2023

Fish burgers were developed with the substitution of sodium chloride (NaCl) by using sweet passion fruit peel flour. Tambacu (a Brazilian freshwater fish) burgers were prepared with a 50% reduction of sodium chloride and an addition of 0, 3.1, 3.7, and 4.3% of sweet passion fruit peel flour. The burgers with higher levels of flour were less hard and less elastic and required less chewing to be swallowed. Significantly lower ash and sodium contents were found in the formulations in which flour was used. The formulations did not differ concerning the color and aroma, as well as texture, flavor, and overall impression. The burger with 0% flour have greater acceptance when compared to the other fish burgers, which did not differ from each other in sensory characteristics, obtaining scores corresponding to the descriptions of liked moderately and liked slightly. The partial substitution of NaCl by using sweet passion fruit peel flour resulted in fish burgers with reduced sodium content and good physical and sensory characteristics, demonstrating the potential demand for its use.
Development of european security and defence cooperation in support of the European Union’s external action. Financial sustainability and institutional convergence
Authors: ILINCA Dragoș
Published: July 2023

Optimizing the European Union’s external action requires a comprehensive approach to linking relevant EU instruments and policies to the development of interaction and practical arrangements for cooperation with third countries. An extremely important component concerns the interaction between the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) and external action, whose dynamics have undergone notable developments in recent years. The substantial progress made in the development of an integrated formula for promoting external action validates the central assumption of the present study that European cooperation in the field of defence tends to become one of the important supporting elements of external action. Starting from this assumption, another direction of in-depth analysis in the following pages concerns the ambivalent relationship between the financial support that external action receives through the new Multiannual Framework 2021-2027 and the concrete initiatives developed under the aegis of CSDP with military applicability.
Manifestations of security culture at national level
Authors: NISTOR Daniel Ionel Andrei
Published: July 2023

We are moving towards a new security paradigm in which the predictability and stability of the system of international relations are directly impacted by global strategic rivalry, with a significant potential for rearranging the relationships between strategic players with global interests. The concept of security culture must be understood in this context, integrated into the security paradigm, and tailored to the dynamics of the international security environment, as it affects a variety of fields in addition to security, including the military, economic, socio-political, and cultural ones. Using several studies and opinion surveys conducted by public opinion polling institutions and, respectively, by non-governmental organizations, regarding the measurement of the security culture and the reactions to it, it is crucial to examine the relationship between security culture and hybrid threats, societal resilience, information warfare, cyber security, or emerging threats. It is also important to follow the evolution of the concept of „security culture” in Romania. Last but not least, this essay aims to examine the distinctive components of security culture from fields and action directions while also offering a number of suggestions for raising security culture in Romania
The actions of the Russian Federation from the perspective of individual responsibility
Authors: BANTAȘ Dragoș-Adrian , BĂLĂNICĂ Sebastian
Published: July 2023

In international relations, each state has historically pursued its own interests by various means. Although these have not always taken a violent form (for example, there are international actors such as the empires of successive Chinese dynasties which, in their relations with their neighbours, emphasized the respect for the emperor and prestige at the expense of violence, or the Ottoman Empire which, after its initial expansion phase, created a concentric system of peripheral actors with varying degrees of autonomy), before the signing of the UN Charter, the use of violence was not definitively forbidden between them either. More precisely, there are actors who, since then and as a result of successive changes in regimes and international orientations, have renounced the use of force or have severely limited it, making it at least predictable, and actors who, regardless of regime and context, adopt the same behaviour. In our view, Russia falls into the second category
The resilience of the military leader – defining traits and its ability to influence the operational environment
Authors: BADIU Marius Iulian , ȚICĂ Laura-Alexandra
Published: July 2023

The military environment, by its very nature, is recognized as a source of occupational stress. The military’s approach to measuring stressors, analyzing and comparing them with the capacity to cope, gives rise to both distress and eustress. Challenges arise when the effects of stress surpass an individual’s ability to adapt, hindering their response to new demands. Military organizations highly value resilience as the key to effectiveness and success. In the military context, resilience can be viewed as a process, skill, or outcome, wherein military leaders exhibit the ability to confront fear, navigate outside their comfort zone, and overcome challenging moments in pursuit of a greater purpose
The physiognomy of modern multinational joint operations and the manifestation of mobility in contemporary warfare
Authors: BĂLAN-LISEANU Rodica-Cristina
Published: July 2023

Recent conflicts at the international level highlight the joint and multinational character of multinational operations in today’s security environment where conventional and unconventional, asymmetric actions are combined. Over time, in order to optimise and make more efficient the human, information and material resources employed, and to ensure a flexible and pragmatic strategic vision, there has been a continuous need to seek proactive, collective involvement, both from a decision-making and an operational perspective. Thus, there emerged a pressing need for modernisation in the architecture of multinational joint operations. It applies the vision of a qualitative analysis of the global order in the context of great powers, emerging powers and international organisations whose effectiveness is questioned. At the same time, this article analyses the dynamics of contemporary multinational interventions and explores their options for manifestation as autonomous or assembled.