bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Massive Open Online Courses: Legal and Policy Issues for Research Libraries
Authors: Butler Brandon Collins
Published: July 2018

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) raise significant legal and policy questions for research libraries, which are often asked to support the development of MOOC courses. These questions involve information policy concerns that are central to research libraries, including the proper application of fair use, the transition to open access as the default mode of scholarly publishing, and the provision of equal access to learning materials for students with and without disabilities. Where possible, research libraries should engage in conversations around MOOCs and promote their core values. By doing so, they will also promote the continuing vitality of libraries as partners in the educational mission.
Internet Payment Blockades
Authors: Bridy Annemarie
Published: July 2018

Internet payment blockades are the fruits of a long-term, evolving strategy on the part of corporate copyright and trademark owners to leave no intermediary behind when it comes to online intellectual property enforcement. Where judicial and legislative efforts failed to yield any binding public law requiring payment processors like MasterCard and Visa to act as intellectual property enforcers, "non-regulatory" intervention from the executive branch secured their cooperation as a matter of private ordering. The resulting voluntary best practices agreement prescribes a notice-and-termination protocol that extends the reach of U.S. intellectual property law into cyberspace, to merchants operating websites from servers and physical facilities located abroad. It also removes adjudications of infringement claims from the courts to the private sector, which raises issues of fairness and institutional competence. Like other forms of regulation by online intermediaries, payment blockades can be circumvented with the aid of disintermediating technologies. True to the Internet's founding purpose of redirecting data flows around blocked or damaged channels, P2P virtual currencies like Bitcoin are empowering online merchants and their customers, at least for the time being, to run payment blockades.This article addresses the use and efficacy of Internet payment blockades, or "follow the money" enforcement, for anti-counterfeiting and anti-piracy purposes. It focuses on the voluntary best practices agreement adopted in 2011 by payment processors, including American Express, Discover, MasterCard, PayPal, and Visa. Part I discusses the regulatory environment that gave rise to the agreement. Part II describes the agreement itself, including the merchant termination protocol it specifies and the implementation of that protocol. Part III explores some normative concerns associated with the use of payment blockades as an anti-piracy and anti-counterfeiting strategy. Part IV considers the efficacy of payment blockades, taking into account the ease with which they can be circumvented using alternative methods of payment.Annemarie BridyProfessor|University of Idaho College of Law|PO Box 83720-0051|Boise, ID 83720|Ph. 208.364.4583Affiliate Scholar|Stanford Center for Internet and SocietyAffiliate Fellow|Yale Information Society ProjectSSRN|HeinOnline|LinkedIn|Twitter
English for Specific Purposes: A Study Investigating the Mismatch between the “Cutting Edge” Course Book and the Needs of Prince Sultan Air Base Students
Authors: Journal Arab World English , Alshabeb Abdulrahman M. , Alsubaie Fhaid H. , Albasheer Abdulaziz Z.
Published: July 2018

Needs analysis is generally believed to be important in an English for Specific Purposes (ESP) context because it enables practitioners and material writers to find out about their learners’ needs. Thus, the main research question focuses on the perceived English language needs of the learners at Prince Sultan Air Base (PSAB), and the study involves an investigation into the mismatch between the Cutting Edge course book and the needs of PSAB students. A total of 70 students from different technical sections at Prince Sultan Air Base (PSAB), Saudi Arabia participated in the study. Two types of data collection methods were used in this study: quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative (interviews). The results obtained reveal that the current course book being used at PSAB does not meet their needs because the activities provided are not relevant to the specific context of their field, which is mainly military and aviation. Finding and adapting a textbook that is clearly linked to these students’ needs and to the course objectives is suggested as one possible solution. In the context of PSAB, data from the interviews and surveys shows the need to assess the content of the course book in relation to the needs of the learners. It also indicates the strong demand of the students for supplementary materials that provide linguistic input to match their needs. Finally, offering supplementary materials and content-based instructions for those students would help to bridge the gap between language training and practical performance needs in real situations.
Ride with Me - Ethnic Discrimination, Social Markets and the Sharing Economy
Authors: Tjaden Jasper Dag , Schwemmer Carsten , Khadjavi Menusch
Published: July 2018

We study ethnic discrimination in the sharing economy using the example of online carpooling marketplaces. Based on a unique dataset of 16,624 real rides from Germany, we estimate the effects of drivers’ perceived name origins on the demand for rides. The results show sizable ethnic discrimination – a discriminatory price premium of about 32% of the average market price. Further analyses suggest that additional information about actors in this market decreases the magnitude of ethnic discrimination. Our findings broaden the perspective of ethnic discrimination by shedding light on subtle, everyday forms of discrimination in social markets; inform ongoing discussions about ways to address discrimination in an era in which markets gradually move online; and respond to increasingly recognized limitations of experimental approaches to study discrimination.
Spelling Difficulties Faced by Arab Learners of English as a Foreign Language
Authors: Journal Arab World English , Alenazi Oudah S.
Published: July 2018

The field of second language acquisition has acknowledged the importance of good spelling for second language (L2) learners. Learning to spell, in fact, is not a straightforward process rather it involves numerous mental processes. Proponents of this field argue that learning English spelling entails the correct connection of the phonemes and graphemes. The former refers to the spoken sounds and the latter refers to the written symbols. Spelling, also, reflects to a large extent the actual level of people’s word knowledge and it can be used to measure the language achievements of L2 users. Nevertheless, the irregular system of English causes different kinds of problems and difficulties for roughly all learners of English including native speakers. This paper aims to highlight the difficulties that Arab learners of English encounter when spelling English words. It describes some spelling approaches such as whole word approach, phonics approach, invented spelling approach, traditional approach and morphemic approach. Then, it considers the different kinds of spelling errors often made by Arab learners of English. It concludes with some suggestions for helping Arab learners of English improve their spelling skills.
Premarital Cohabitation and Divorce in Post-Reform China
Authors: Zhang Yongjun
Published: July 2018

The author uses cohabitation data from the 2010 Chinese Family Panel Studies to analyze the association of premarital cohabitation with subsequent divorce of first marriage. After balancing selection factors that influence premarital cohabitation through propensity score matching, the author uses Cox proportional hazards models to examine the selection, causation, and diffusion perspectives on the relationship between premarital cohabitation and marital dissolution. The results show that premarital cohabitation is positively associated with divorce for those married in the early‐reform period (1980–1994) when cohabitation was uncommon. However, this relationship disappears for those married in the late‐reform period (1995–2010) when cohabitation became more prevalent. The findings suggest variation in the link between premarital cohabitation and divorce across different marriage cohorts and provide strong evidence for the diffusion perspective in postreform China. Supplemental sensitivity analyses support the robustness of the conclusion.
Mercantilist dualization: the introduction of the euro, redistribution of industry rents, and wage inequality in Germany, 1993-2008
Authors: Ochsenfeld Fabian
Published: July 2018

The current debate over distributional implications of the crisis-ridden Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) is heavily biased towards inter-national accounts. Little attention is paid to who wins and who loses out intra-nationally. I argue that in Germany the EMU has reinforced dualization, the insider-outsider cleavage in the country’s welfare state and production model. To scrutinize this argument, I analyze longitudinal linked employer-employee data (N>9.6 mio) and pursue a mechanistic three-step identification strategy: First, I illustrate how the introduction of the Euro distorted real interest and exchange rates within the Eurozone. Second, I demonstrate how these imbalances redistributed rents from the domestic sector, in particular from construction, to the core manufacturing industry. Third, I show how this shift in industry rents reverberated to the wage distribution and increased inequality. The study contributes to resolve the puzzle why wage inequality in Germany increased through a fanning out of the wage distribution whereas countries similarly exposed to technological change and globalization grew unequal through a polarization of their wage distribution.
On Group Comparisons with Logistic Regression Models
Authors: Kuha Jouni , Mills Colin
Published: July 2018

It is widely believed that regression models for binary responses are problematic if we want to compare estimated coefficients from models for different groups or with different explanatory variables. This concern has two forms. The first arises if the binary model is treated as an estimate of a model for an unobserved continuous response, and the second when models are compared between groups which have different distributions of other causes of the binary response. We argue that these concerns are usually misplaced. The first of them is only relevant if the unobserved continuous response is really the subject of substantive interest. If it is, the problem should be addressed through better measurement of this response. The second concern refers to a situation which is unavoidable but unproblematic, in that causal effects and descriptive associations are inherently group-dependent and can be compared as long as they are correctly estimated.
BOUNDARIES, BREACHES, AND BRIDGES: THE CASE OF CLIMATEGATE
Authors: Garud Raghu , Gehman Joel , Karunakaran Arvind
Published: July 2018

We examine the incident known as “Climategate” in which emails and other documents relating to climate scientists and their work were illegitimately accessed and posted to the Internet. The contents of the files prompted questions about the credibility of climate science and the legitimacy of some of the climate scientists’ practices. Multiple investigations unfolded to repair the boundary that had been breached. While exonerating the scientists of wrongdoing and endorsing the legitimacy of the consensus opinion, the investigating committees suggested revisions to some scientific practices. Despite this boundary repair work, the credibility and legitimacy of the scientific enterprise were not fully restored in the eyes of several stakeholders. We explore why this is the case, identify boundary bridging approaches to address these issues, and highlight policy implications.
Coverage of highly-cited documents in Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus: a multidisciplinary comparison
Authors: Martín-Martín Alberto , Orduna-Malea Enrique , López-Cózar Emilio Delgado
Published: July 2018

This study explores the extent to which bibliometric indicators based on counts of highly-cited documents could be affected by the choice of data source. The initial hypothesis is that databases that rely on journal selection criteria for their document coverage may not necessarily provide an accurate representation of highly-cited documents across all subject areas, while inclusive databases, which give each document the chance to stand on its own merits, might be better suited to identify highly-cited documents. To test this hypothesis, an analysis of 2,515 highly-cited documents published in 2006 that Google Scholar displays in its Classic Papers product is carried out at the level of broad subject categories, checking whether these documents are also covered in Web of Science and Scopus, and whether the citation counts offered by the different sources are similar. The results show that a large fraction of highly-cited documents in the Social Sciences and Humanities (8.6%-28.2%) are invisible to Web of Science and Scopus. In the Natural, Life, and Health Sciences the proportion of missing highly-cited documents in Web of Science and Scopus is much lower. Furthermore, in all areas, Spearman correlation coefficients of citation counts in Google Scholar, as compared to Web of Science and Scopus citation counts, are remarkably strong (.83-.99). The main conclusion is that the data about highly-cited documents available in the inclusive database Google Scholar does indeed reveal significant coverage deficiencies in Web of Science and Scopus in some areas of research. Therefore, using these selective databases to compute bibliometric indicators based on counts of highly-cited documents might produce biased assessments in poorly covered areas.
The Economic World Obverse: Freedom Through Markets After Arts Education
Authors: Gerber Alison , Childress Clayton
Published: July 2018

What role does arts education play in artistic activity and income? In light of the rise of university arts education and its effects, especially the changing role of teaching in artistic careers, this paper questions key assumptions of both winner-take-all and economic-world-reversed analyses of artistic careers. While almost all studies of remuneration in the creative arts find that income is highly skewed, these dominant perspectives take an object-oriented view of artistic life that neglects the vast majority of activities that underpin and compose contemporary arts practices. Looking at arts practices more holistically and using the changing status of art teaching as an exemplar of the expanded field of artistic practice, we document the challenges that the rise of arts education present to traditional analyses of artistic careers, income, and success.
Migration Induced by Sea Level Rise could Reshape the US Population Landscape
Authors: Hauer Mathew
Published: July 2018

Many sea level rise assessments focus on populations presently inhabiting vulnerable coastal communities, but to date no studies have attempted to model the destinations of these potentially displaced persons. With millions of potential future migrants in heavily populated coastal communities, sea level rise scholarship focusing solely on coastal communities characterizes sea level rise as primarily a coastal issue, obscuring the potential impacts in landlocked communities created by sea level rise induced displacement. Here I address this issue by merging projected populations at-risk of sea level rise with migration systems simulations to project future destinations of sea level rise migrants in the United States (U.S.). I find that unmitigated sea level rise is expected to reshape the U.S. population distribution, potentially stressing landlocked areas unprepared to accommodate this wave of coastal migrants -- even after accounting for potential adaptation. These results provide the first glimpse of how climate change will reshape future population distributions and establishes a new foundation for modelling potential migration destinations from climate stressors in an era of global environmental change.
The Ascent of F6: Exceptional Collaborative Case in Poetic Drama
Authors: Studies AWEJ-tls for Translation & Literary , Dahami Yahya Saleh Hassan
Published: July 2018

To write plays are not easy, to make them verse, is difficult but to cooperate in composing poetic drama, is of great challenge. This study tries to prove the capability and manageability in collaboration not only in ordinary prose drama but also in poetic plays. It aims to trace, through an analytical and critical technique, the procedures of collaboration showing, to what degree both of the two collaborators, Auden and Isherwood, achieved success in dealing with contemporary poetic drama using modern language. The research is an approach on one of the likely best plays they shared, The Ascent of F6 (1933). The study starts giving a glance on poetic drama then it traces the collaboration between W. H. Auden and Christopher Isherwood with special reference to the poetic play The Ascent of F6.
„Formalizing the future: How central banks set out to govern expectations but ended up (en-)trapped in indicators“
Authors: Walter Timo
Published: July 2018

Modern ‘inflation targeting’ monetary policy has been one of the prototypes of future-oriented modes of social coordination which in recent years have captured the sociological imagination. Modern central banking is commonly presented as achieving greater efficacy by directly managing economic expectations, in particular when contrasted with the previous heavy-handed, “hydraulic” transmission of policy objectives through systems of economic aggregates. Such empirical claims are mirrored in the theoretical distinction drawn by sociologists between the openness and efficacy of future-oriented coordination of expectations, and the more rigid coordination achieved through formal organizing and formalization.This paper uses the case of the US Federal Reserve’s (Fed) transition to inflation targeting in the 1980s to show how the precision and flexibility of social coordination through expectations in fact relies on extensive formalization and rigid proceduralization. I show that the tightly coupled control relation on which inflation targeting rests is not possible without the constitutive exclusion of other modes of representing and intervening the economy achieved by this formalization. However, the price for the robust and precise reactivity that modern central banking has constructed between key indicators of inflation expectations and the interest rate set by monetary policy, is a comprehensive procedural dis-embedding of monetary policy from the structure of economic activities whose path into the future it is meant to govern.The paper concludes that in order to better understand the conditions under which future-oriented modes of coordination fail or succeed, we need to study more closely the formalization of social relations on which they are founded.
Decolonizing archival methodology: Combating hegemony and moving towards a collaborative archival environment
Authors: Genovese Taylor R.
Published: July 2018

The foundation of archival methodology is influenced by colonialism and imperialism. This paternalistic system has created a hegemonic environment that has directly influenced archivists working with Indigenous materials. While positive steps have been made, such as the enactment of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (1990) and the Protocols for Native American Archival Materials (2006), severe limitations exist due to a difference in worldview and cultural beliefs. In order to reverse the effects of hegemony and decolonize archival methodol- ogy, an exerted effort must be made to increase collaboration between archives and Indigenous communities. Furthermore, higher education must attract Indigenous students to information science programs in order to create a more diverse workforce. However, in order to enact lasting change in methodology, the archival profession must receive an injection of activist principles. These principles will help advance decolonizing initiatives and ensure the end of paternalism and colonialism in archival science.
A method for dealing with regional differences in population size when interpreting slopes in Google Trends query data
Authors: McCallum Malcolm L
Published: July 2018

A quandary exists when comparing trend lines of Google Trends query data among different countries. This approach provides directionality and speed of change, but it does not account for the quantity of movement occurring when comparing large regions to small ones. This study applies the physical concept of momentum to the analysis of Google Trends results to provide a method for comparing trends among countries. By accounting for the volume of interest along with the direction and rate of interest gain/loss, one is able to make accurate quantitative statements about how the public in differently sized regions may shift interests and opinion on different issues. Momentum allows us to identify how countries have responded and how they may respond in the future without the erroneous assumption that the behaviors of large and small populations are equally flexible and responsive to new ideas.
Jurisdictional Overlap & the Size of the Local Public Workforce
Authors: Goodman Christopher B
Published: July 2018

The United States is a country of many overlapping local governments. Theoretical explorations of the potential influence of this institutional arrangement abound; however, empirical evidence as the influence of such an arrangement on local public sector remains relatively thin. Instead of competing for mobile resources as suggested by Tiebout, overlapping jurisdictions utilize similar tax and voting bases introducing a potential commons problem. Using a county-level dataset from 1972 to 2012, this commons problem is explored. The results suggest that a positive relationship between jurisdictional overlap and the size of local public workforce amounting to approximately a one percent increase in employment or an increase of less than one full-time equivalent employee.
Household extension and employment among Asian immigrant women in the US
Authors: Kang Jeehye , Cohen Philip N.
Published: July 2018

To help explain variation in Asian immigrant women’s employment, we examine the association between women's employment and the presence and characteristics of adult extended household members for seven Asian immigrant groups: Chinese, Korean, Asian Indian, Pakistani, Filipina, Vietnamese, and Japanese. Using the American Community Survey 2009-2011 pooled data, we find that married, first generation Asian immigrant women’s employment rates are higher when they live with parents or parents-in-law. Further, hampered by housework and care work, these women apparently receive some support in particular from female extended adults providing child care assistance – especially in families with young children. On the other hand, we find a negative association between the presence of disabled adults only for Koreans, and employed extended adults’ support varies across nationality groups. Variations in each of these dynamics across Asian groups suggest the need for further study.
Postmodern Picture Books as Multimodal Texts: Changing Trends in Children’s Literature
Authors: Studies AWEJ-tls for Translation & Literary , Nalkara Shaju Ouseph
Published: July 2018

Literature for children has undergone significant changes over the past years. It has generated new attitudes towards childhood and changing practices around literature. The concept of literature for entertainment along with instruction, as proposed by Peter Hunt, has changed the traditional mode of reading methods and gave new dimensions in reading and experiencing children’s books. Nowadays, children’s books are available in various forms like printed books, audio/video recordings, animated movies, Disney cartoons etc. New developments in computational field and digital media have opened wider ways of exploring children’s stories. This has also led to the notion of cross-reading. Most of the stories for children are re-told or re-visioned adapting to different socio-cultural, linguistic domains. This adaptation is both a product and process as seen by Hutcheon (2012). The chief characteristics of postmodern picture books include usually a non-linear plot structure, using pictures or texts to position the reader and focalizing ideas through the point of view of a character, construction of meaning by the reader, intertextual references and above all, the varied design layout and styles of illustration as envisioned by Anstey (2002). All these developments appease the tastes of the modern child as well as the adult reader. This paper is an attempt to explore the evolving styles in contemporary children’s books where it is thought of more in terms of multimodal texts, with self-referential elements adding to it the notion of metafiction.
Estimates of excess passenger traffic in Puerto Rico following Hurricane María
Authors: Santos-Lozada Alexis R
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND This descriptive finding examines excess net passenger traffic in Puerto Rico following Hurricane María for September and October 2017. OBJECTIVE To determine the degree of excess net passenger traffic in Puerto Rico for September and October 2017 based on historical patterns of variability in net passenger traffic. METHODS Data come from the Monthly Operational Report published by the Puerto Rico Port Authority for the 2010-2018 fiscal years. Data was aggregated by month and year, and means (expected net passenger traffic) and 95% confidence intervals (C.I. or patterns of variability) were produced for each month. Data from 2017-2018 Monthly Operational Report was used to compare the expected passenger flow with the totals for September and October 2017. RESULTS The expected net passenger flow for September and October was -15.39 thousands (95% C.I. = -18.61 thousands and -12.16 thousands) and -0.88 thousands (95% C.I. = -5.01 thousands and 3.26 thousands), respectively. Net passenger flow for September and October 2017 was -34.6 and -88.3 thousand passengers. Excess net passengers for these two months was -19.2 and -87.42 thousand people in comparison to the expected net passenger flow, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Based on this comparison the net passenger flow for September and October 2017 and expected net passenger flow from Puerto Rico was -106.62 thousand passengers. CONTRIBUTION The derivation of excess net passenger flow could inform the government and policy makers concerning the migration dynamics following Hurricane María, as ports and airports are the only exit point in Puerto Rico.
Investigating Syntactic Errors among Saudi EFL Learners
Authors: Journal Arab World English , Alqhtani Malak Fhaid
Published: July 2018

This study aims to identify and classify syntactic errors made by EFL Saudi secondary students and the causes behind these errors through written form. The study includes 15 female students of the third secondary grade enrolled in Third Secondary School for Females in Al-Quway'iyah. The data were collected from a diagnostic writing test requiring the students to write a composition about one of three topics. The students' errors were classified into 15 different categories and analyzed using the Error Analysis Matrix. The findings show that most secondary students who were learning EFL made errors in syntax. Also, the study reveals that the students face complexity with different grammatical errors in terms of using punctuation, using articles, spelling, verbs, conjunctions, capitalization, fragments, lexicon, subject omission, pronouns, prepositions, using adjectives, and using nouns; that may hinder understanding the written text. Furthermore, the analysis of these errors reveal that interlingual interference and a lack of knowledge are the main causes of the students' errors.
A Bayesian Analysis of Income Distribution Image
Authors: Ishida Atsushi
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate people’s image of income distribution and its difference by social position from data collected during a 2015 Japanese survey (SSP 2015) by applying Bayesian statistical analytical models. From the observed variable of average income image, the latent income distribution images from which the observed average income image is supposed to be derived were estimated and differences in income distribution image by social position were analyzed using Bayesian hierarchical models.In the analysis, differences in income distribution image by age cohort and household income class were examined in terms of the mean and the Gini inequality coefficient of the distribution image. Consequently, it was found that although the distribution image tends to underestimate the average income level and overestimate inequality, the income distribution image could be an incomplete reflection of the income distribution characteristics of the reference group.
Understanding the State: Right to Food Campaign in India
Authors: Krishnan Preethi , Subramaniam Mangala
Published: July 2018

Marginalized peoples’ struggle for subsistence rights in the neoliberal era has theoretical implications for understanding the role of the state in a globalized world. Variations in power exercised by state institutions at the local and national level have implications for the tactics that movements adopt. We examine the Right to Food Campaign in India, an informal network of organizations and individuals across local and national levels, which targets the state for entitlement to food. Using the interim orders of the Supreme Court in 2001, the campaign converted welfare initiatives for children into legal entitlements for access to nutritious food by holding state officials accountable at the local level; it also worked towards the enactment of the National Food Security Act of 2013. The campaign impacts local, national and global institutions, such as the WTO which expressed its disagreement with welfare provisions in the NFSA. Our analysis has three main implications. First, we note that the state is not a monolithic whole but comprises institutions at national and subnational levels (country, state, county or district, and village), all of which may not always work towards the same goal. Second, we argue that the state’s implementation of neoliberal policies that deny subsistence rights of the poor results in localized resistances that are linked to national and global protests. Third, a temporal lens on local and national politics is important to understanding the dynamics between local struggles and state institutions.More Info: Preethi Krishnan and Mangala Subramaniam
Assessment of biowaste losses through unsound waste management practices in rural areas and the role of home composting
Authors: MIHAI Florin Constantin
Published: July 2018

The paper examines the biowaste management issues across rural areas ofRomania in the context of poor waste management infrastructure in the lastdecade (2003-2012). Biowaste is the main fraction of municipal waste, thusa proper management is a key challenge in order to sustain a bioeconomy inthe near future. The amount of biowaste generated and uncollected by wasteoperators is generally uncontrolled disposed if not recovered through homecomposting. The paper points out the role of home composting in divertingthe biowaste from wild dumps and landfills for the regions covered or notby waste collection services. Home composting and the biowaste losses arefurther assessed based on several scenarios (worse-case, pessimistic,realistic, optimistic) where the net loads of greenhouse gasses (GHG) arecalculated at national and regional levels. The transition of homecomposting techniques, from open piles to plastic bins with respect tostandard guidelines will improve the home composting performance in termsof compost quality and net GHG’s savings, supporting a bio-based economywhich will lead towards a sustainable rural development. Regionaldisparities are revealed across Romanian counties and the paper opens newresearch perspectives regarding which options should be adopted by countiesand rural municipalities in the biowaste management process.
Academic Inbreeding at the Canadian Engineering Schools
Authors: Tizhoosh Hamid , Hemmesi Rezwan
Published: July 2018

Academic inbreeding is a label used when units, departments and universities hire their former students, predominantly their former Ph.D. students, as faculty members, a practice that is generally perceived as detrimental to academic productivity and diversity. In this paper, for the first time, we attempt to verify some of the reported attributes for a small sample of Canadian universities, namely for the largest engineering schools. We examined more than 60 departments and units at 11 universities. We show that academic inbreeding is in fact present at the investigated units with a national average of 23%. Twelve departments exhibited a Z-score of one (inbreeding index larger than 34%, four departments showed a Z-score score of almost 2 and higher (inbreeding index larger than 44%). As well, we demonstrate that the quality of publications, measured by the number citations, appears to be lower for the inbreds. We also introduce a new measure that seems to be more suitable to capture the negative effect of inbreeding on diversity.
University Teachers’ Views on English as the Medium of Instruction in an Iranian Higher Education Institution
Authors: Journal Arab World English , Zare-ee Abbas , Hejazi S. Yahya
Published: July 2018

The use of English for instruction at the tertiary level of education by nations whose native language is not English has been the subject of considerable debate. This study aims to survey the attitudes of a group of Iranian university teachers at a state university in central Iran towards the possible use of English as a medium of instruction (EMI) in Iranian higher education, where Persian is currently the medium of instruction except in English language departments. It also explores whether teachers’ attitude towards EMI is affected by their university rank. To this end, 60 teachers were randomly selected from faculties of Humanities, Science, and Engineering, and their perceptions about EMI were explored through questionnaires and interviews. The findings indicated that, in spite of the current emphasis on Persian by authorities, teachers valued English over Persian as the medium of instruction, expressing concerns mainly about inadequacies in resources and English proficiency requirements. Interview results showed that their opinions were divided as they enumerated a variety of economic, academic, cultural, social, and technological reasons both for and against the possible use of EMI at Iranian tertiary levels. The results imply that concerns over the launch of new curricula using EMI are multidimensional. Possible suggestions for future research on EMI are discussed.
Authors from the periphery countries choose open access more often
Authors: Kieńć Witold
Published: July 2018

In this article I analyse attitudes of academic authors toward openaccess and frequency of choosing open access publication venues by them.I characterize differences between authors based in the peripherycountries and the core countries, with regard to choosing so called goldopen access as a way of publishing academic articles. The data wereobtained with an on-line survey. Emails containing links to the surveywere sent to 107,296 scholars listed on the mailing lists belonging to DeGruyterOpen, from December 2015 to January 2016. 1012 responses werereceived. Authors from the periphery countries publish their articles ingold open access more often. They also pay open access publication feesequally often as those based in the core countries. The reasons forthat are complex, involving both their preference to publish in openaccess and the composition of publishing market in the periphery.
'Every Artist is a Cannibal, Every Poet is a Thief': Copyright Law and Post Modernism
Authors: Rimmer Matthew
Published: July 2018

Honours Thesis.Rimmer, Matthew (1997), ''Every Artist is a Cannibal, Every Poet is a Thief': Copyright Law and Post Modernism', Honours, Faculty of Law, ANU.
LG(BT) Families and Counting
Authors: Compton D'Lane
Published: July 2018

Counting and understanding lesbian and gay families has gained attention over the last decade in popular culture, policy and academic research. Contentious debates on family values and same-sex marriage, increasing rates of social tolerance for homosexuality, and a greater general academic attention on issues of sexual orientation have partially spurred this attention in demographic analysis of lesbian and gay families. It is becoming increasingly clear that sexual orientation and gender identity have an effect on demographic processes and life outcomes. Although not perfect, practically speaking, drawing on nationally representative survey data has allowed us to illuminate the presence of same-sex families and their children.These findings have an iterative relationship with social change, public policy, and increasing tolerance for diversity. This article reviews the recent demographic contributions related to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) families. Due to research concentrations, the content of this article mostly addresses what is known about gay and lesbian families, but also offers future directions to fill research voids including a call for greater attention to and visibility for families with bisexual and transgender members.
Deindustrialization in 18th and 19th Century India: Mughal Decline, Climate Shocks and British Industrial Ascent
Authors: Clingingsmith David , Williamson Jeffrey G.
Published: July 2018

India was a major player in the world export market for textiles in the early 18th century, but by the middle of the 19th century it had lost all of its export market and much of its domestic market, primarily to Britain. The ensuing deindustrialization was greatest c1750-c1860. We ask how much of India’s deindustrialization was due to local supply-side forces -- such as political fragmentation and a rising incidence of drought, and how much to world price shocks. An open, three-sector neo-Ricardian model organizes our thinking and new relative price database implements the empirical analysis. We find local supply side forces were important from as early as 1700. The size of Indian deindustrialization is then assessed by comparison with other parts of the periphery.
Homosexuality, Religion, and the Family: The Effects of Religion on Americans’ Appraisals of the Parenting Abilities of Same-Sex Couples
Authors: Whitehead Andrew L
Published: July 2018

While a growing body of research focuses on Americans’ attitudes toward same-sex couples as parents, very few include measures of religion and those that do fail to capture its multidimensional nature. Furthermore, many past studies rely on convenience samples of college students, or samples gathered outside the United States. Multivariate analyses of the 2012 General Social Survey – a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States – reveal that a slim majority of Americans still do not believe same-sex couples can parent as well as male-female couples and the religious beliefs, behaviors, and affiliations of Americans are significantly and at times differentially associated with appraisals of same-sex couples’ parenting abilities. It appears that while religion is generally associated with more negative appraisals of the parenting abilities of same-sex couples, it is not uniformly so. Americans’ immediate religious and cultural context can shape their appraisals of homosexuality in diverse ways.
Access, ethics, and piracy
Authors: Lawson Stuart
Published: July 2018

Open access has been progressively making more scholarship openly available. But a majority of journal articles are still behind paywalls so some people have turned to piracy to access them. While some regard this practice as criminal and unethical, for others ‘liberating’ research is a justified act of civil disobedience. This article considers both the efficacy and ethics of piracy, placing ‘guerilla open access’ within a longer history of piracy and access to knowledge. By doing so, we can see that since piracy is not only an inevitable part of the intellectual landscape but can potentially drive progressive developments in communication practices, open access emerges as a contender for moving beyond proprietary forms of commodifying scholarly knowledge.
“A Question Everybody Danced Around”: Gay Men Making Sense of their Identities in Christian Colleges
Authors: Bailey Lucy , Strunk Kamden K
Published: July 2018

Despite broader social changes in attitudes and policies regarding LGBTQ people, the space available for gay students to develop and express their identities in Christian colleges provides only limited and fleeting relief because of the culture of heteronormativity central to their history and identity. Yet, in an era of enrollment competition in higher education, Christian colleges must navigate their traditional mission to preserve and advance the faith, changing cultural attitudes regarding LBGTQ people, and the financial realities facing contemporary institutions. This paper draws from interviews with men who attended Christian colleges. First, we present their narratives to render the presence of LGBTQ people visible in these sites. Secondly, we seek to understand how these men made sense of their sexualities within educational cultures saturated with retention imperatives, institutional surveillance, and denominational ambivalence or hostility about LGBTQ persons. The men’s narratives highlight the challenges they faced as “unfit subjects” (Pillow, 2004), their absorption of normative constructions of gender and sexuality governing their educational context, and the need for Christian colleges to better serve their gay students of faith.
Mission Impossible? New Housework Theories for Changing Families
Authors: Geist Claudia , Ruppanner Leah
Published: July 2018

Theoretical approaches to housework do not reflect contemporary families and gender relations. We evaluate assumptions about gender and families in three dominant explanations and propose theoretical extensions. First, we suggest a work-family fit approach that examines housework and resources at a household level. Second, we propose the diverse capital perspective that extends earnings centered assessments of housework bargaining. Finally, a "doing genders" approach captures how gender shapes housework in nuanced ways. Our study does not focus on the more general issue of power in relationships, nor do we seek to dismantle existing theoretical perspectives or solve all shortcomings of the inherently couple-centered and cissexist heteronormative approach to families that primarily focuses on the United States. Rather, we provide some insight into how these theories can be expanded given the realities of diverse family arrangements, stalled gender revolutions, and shifts and fluidity in gender and sexual identities.
The Representation of Puritans in William Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night
Authors: Studies AWEJ-tls for Translation & Literary , MEHDI Rachid
Published: July 2018

This article is a study on the representation of Puritans in William Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night; or, What You Will, one of his most popular comic play in the modern theatre. In mocking Malvolio’s morality and ridiculous behaviour, Shakespeare wanted to denounce Puritans’ sober society in early modern England. Indeed, Puritans were depicted in the play as being selfish, idiot, hypocrite, and killjoy. In the same way, many other writers of different generations, obviously influenced by Shakespeare, have espoused his views and consequently contributed to promote this anti-Puritan literature, which is still felt today. This article discusses whether Shakespeare’s portrayal of Puritans was accurate or not. To do so, the writer first attempts to define the term “Puritan,” as the latter is quite equivocal, then take some Puritans’ characteristics, namely hypocrisy and killjoy, as provided in the play, and analyze them in the light of the studies of some historians and scholars, experts on the post Reformation Puritanism, to demonstrate that Shakespeare’s view on Puritanism is completely caricatural.
Professionalization Through Attrition?: An Event History Analysis of Mortalities in Citizen Journalism
Authors: Larson Ryan P. , Lindner Andrew Micah
Published: July 2018

Despite both scholarly and popular claims that citizen journalism (CJ) represents a growing democratizing force in the journalistic field, recent scholarship in the area has noted the decline of the organizational population of CJ. In this paper, we investigate how individual characteristics of sites and the dynamics of larger organizational population affect a CJ site’s risk of experiencing a mortality. Drawing on the largest sample to date of U.S-based English-language CJ sites, this study examines risk of site mortality through an event history framework. Findings indicate that the strongest predictor of a site’s mortality is the age of the site, consistent with organizational population theory’s “liability of newness.” We also find that for-profit and community based-sites have lower rates of site mortality, indicating that adopting legitimate conventions of journalism may serve as a protective buffer to site death. The results offer mixed evidence on whether CJ has become more professionalized via attrition.
Attachment Theory in Relation to Literacy/Reading Acquisition for Immigrants, Refugees, and the Disenfranchised
Authors: Journal Arab World English , Hall-Cuarón Bernadette
Published: July 2018

The increase in immigrant, refugee and disenfranchised children in education is growing exponentially, and therefore, causing a demand for understanding the reasons that marginalized children are struggling to succeed within the current educational system. One response to this academic quandary is, as the research suggests, that attachment to the caregiver is a vital platform for all child development and learning Bowlby (1958). Another proposition is that attachment theory premises can be used to identify if and how attachment to a parent impacts attachment to literature and literacy development, which directly affects academic achievement. The association between attachment to the caregiver and a child’s attachment to literature among Anglo-Germanic groups (Van Ijzendoorn, 1996) has been studied, and the results demonstrate a direct correlation between the rapport with the caregiver and literacy acquisition and reading readiness. The link between attachment and literacy/reading acquisition as a cognitive phenomenon has not yet been studied among children that comprise immigrant, refugee, and disenfranchised children, and therefore, is the hypothetical imperative for recommended research.