bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of physiological state of starter culture on ripening and flavour development of Swiss–Dutch‐type cheese
Authors: Mikš‐Krajnik Marta , Babuchowski Andrzej , Białobrzewski Ireneusz
Published: June 2013

The changes in the physiological state and metabolism of starter culture in 15kg Swiss–Dutch‐type cheese blocks during two‐stage ripening were studied. The analyses were performed on samples from three layers of cheese between the rind and the core. Cell membrane integrity, intracellular esterase activity and bacteria culturability were chosen as physiological state indicators. Cheese flavour development was determined by static headspace gas chromatography. During warm room ripening, the number of cells with intact cell membranes and displaying intracellular esterase activity increased. Lactic acid bacteria underwent resuscitation and regained their culturability. A lack of homogeneity within the cheese was noticed in relation to bacterial activity and the volatiles concentration.
DNA barcode analysis of butterfly species fromPakistan points towards regional endemism
Authors: Ashfaq Muhammad , Akhtar Saleem , Khan Arif M. , Adamowicz Sarah J. , Hebert Paul D. N.
Published: June 2013

DNAbarcodes were obtained for 81 butterfly species belonging to 52 genera from sites in north‐centralPakistan to test the utility of barcoding for their identification and to gain a better understanding of regional barcode variation. These species represent 25% of the butterfly fauna ofPakistan and belong to five families, although theNymphalidae were dominant, comprising 38% of the total specimens. Barcode analysis showed that maximum conspecific divergence was 1.6%, while there was 1.7–14.3% divergence from the nearest neighbour species. Barcode records for 55 species showed <2% sequence divergence to records in theBarcode ofLifeDataSystems (BOLD), but only 26 of these cases involved specimens from neighbouring India and Central Asia. Analysis revealed that most species showed little incremental sequence variation when specimens from other regions were considered, but a threefold increase was noted in a few cases. There was a clear gap between maximum intraspecific and minimum nearest neighbour distance for all 81 species. Neighbour‐joining cluster analysis showed that members of each species formed a monophyletic cluster with strong bootstrap support. The barcode results revealed two provisional species that could not be clearly linked to known taxa, while 24 other species gained their first coverage. Future work should extend the barcode reference library to include all butterfly species fromPakistan as well as neighbouring countries to gain a better understanding of regional variation in barcode sequences in this topographically and climatically complex region.
Value elicitation for multiple quantities of a quasi‐public good using open ended choice experiments and uniform price auctions
Authors: Elbakidze Levan , Nayga Rodolfo M. , Li Hao , McIntosh Chris
Published: June 2013

Choice experiments and experimental auctions have become popular mechanisms for estimating willingness to pay (WTP). However, these methods have primarily been used for estimating WTP for single units of goods. We analyze the results from experimental auctions and choice experiments in the context of multiple quantities of a quasi‐public good (animal welfare product). We show that the use of WTP values for a single unit of a product, a common practice in experimental valuation literature, can result in underestimation of aggregate demand. We use and compare open ended choice experiments (OECE), second price Vickrey auctions, and random Nth price auctions as mechanisms for valuing WTP. Our results also suggest that individual level demand estimates from OECE are less elastic than demand estimates from uniform price auctions.
How best to approach endocrine evaluation in patients with HIV in the era of combined antiretroviral therapy?
Authors: Wren Alison
Published: June 2013

Endocrine and metabolic dysfunction has been documented throughout the history of clinical experience with HIV and AIDS. Opportunistic infections such as CMV and TB adrenalitis, tumours affecting endocrine organs, and cachexia and wasting can still be seen, particulary in severely immunocompromised individuals who may be noncompliant with, resistant to, or without access to effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, in those with good control of their HIV infection, the profile of endocrinopathy in HIV has largely changed with the advent of highly effective combination ART. The problems that we now more frequently see in people living for many years with low viral loads and good CD4 counts relate to side effects or interactions of therapy. These included adverse metabolic effects of antiretrovirals, most notably dyslipidaemia and lipodystrophy with protease inhibitors, drug–drug interactions, including marked CYP3A4 inhibition with protease inhibitors and autoimmune endocrinopathy as part of an immune reconstitution syndrome after initiation of antiretrovirals. In addition, chronic endocrine and metabolic disorders, including hypogonadism and osteoporosis, occur at higher levels than in the background population, associated with chronic illness, lower body weight and use of both prescribed and nonprescribed drugs.
Are serotonin metabolite levels related to bone mineral density in patients with neuroendocrine tumours?
Authors: Sen Gupta Piya , Grozinsky‐Glasberg Simona , Drake William M. , Akker Scott A. , Perry Les , Grossman Ashley B. , Druce Maralyn R.
Published: June 2013

Background

Bone mineral density (BMD) is influenced by multiple factors. Recent studies have highlighted a possible relationship between serotonin and BMD. Patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) frequently have elevated urinary 5‐hydroxy‐indoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA) levels, a serotonin metabolite. Evaluation of the relationship between 5‐HIAA and BMD in patients with NETs may provide insights into the relationship between serotonin and BMD.

Methods

One‐year audit of consecutive patients with NETs within two institutions. Relationships between urinary 5‐HIAA and dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA)‐scan‐measured BMD were investigated by group comparisons, correlation and regression.

Results

Of 65 patients with NETs, 19 did not participate or were excluded. Of 46 subjects evaluated (48·9% males, 63·8 ± 10·5 years, BMI 26·6 ± 4·4 kg/m2) with 32 gastrointestinal, 9 pancreatic, 3 pulmonary and 2 ovarian NETs, 72·3% had the carcinoid syndrome. Median interval from diagnosis was 4·0 years (IQR 2·0–6·0); 41·3% had osteoporosis and 32·6% osteopaenia (WHO definition). The group with a higher urinary 5‐HIAA had a lower hip BMD (total T‐score and Z‐score), confirmed on individual analysis (Spearman's rank correlation −0·41, P = 0·004; −0·44, P = 0·002, respectively); urinary 5‐HIAA was not found to be an independent predictor for BMD on multiple linear regression analysis.

Conclusion

These data of patients with NETs with higher serotonin metabolites having a lower BMD at the hip in group and individual comparisons, warrants further evaluation. Urinary 5‐HIAA measurement alone cannot be used to predict future BMD. A larger cohort with prospective design including fractures as a clinical outcome will aid these data in determining whether patients with NETs should be subject to targeted osteoporosis prevention.
Respiratory compensation point during incremental test in overweight and normoweight boys: is it useful in assessing aerobic performance? A longitudinal study
Authors: Maciejczyk Marcin , Szymura Jadwiga , Cempla Jerzy , Gradek Joanna , Więcek Magdalena , Bawelski Marek
Published: June 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the respiratory compensation point (RCP) in overweight and normoweight boys and to clarify changes in the RCP over 4 years. This study was conducted with 11 overweight boys and 14 boys with normal weight. The boys performed the graded test every 2 years (three series) beginning at the age of 9–10 years and finishing at the age of 13–14 years. During the test, the RCP was detected. In every series, the RCP occurred earlier in the overweight boys than in the normoweight boys and at a significantly (P<0·05) lower rate relative to body mass power output (P kg−1). Relative oxygen uptake (VO2 kg−1) at the RCP in all studies was also significantly (P<0·05) lower in the group of overweight boys. The maximum level of analysed indicators (VO2max; Pmax) differentiated both groups in similar ways as their level noted at RCP. This study showed significant (P<0·05) correlation between the values VO2max kg−1 and VO2 kg−1 at RCP in each series of the test and between Pmax kg−1 and P kg−1 at RCP. The respiratory compensation point seems to be a good method for evaluating aerobic performance in children (also overweight). During puberty, a decreasing tendency in aerobic performance was observed in both groups.
Dramatic losses of specialist arable plants in Central Germany since the 1950s/60s – a cross‐regional analysis
Authors: Meyer Stefan , Wesche Karsten , Krause Benjamin , Leuschner Christoph
Published: June 2013

Aim

To assess the consequences of agricultural intensification since the 1950s for Central Europe's plant communities of arable plants.

Location

Central Germany.

Methods

We employed a semipermanent plot design to analyse changes in 392 field interiors for 10 study regions, including sandy, limestone and loamy sites between the 1950s/60s and 2009.

Results

The analysis revealed a reduction in the regional species pool during the 50‐year period of 23% (from 301 to 233 vascular species) and dramatic losses in plot‐level diversity (from medians of 24 to 7). Median cover of spontaneously growing arable plants decreased from 30% to 3%. Losses were disproportionally larger on limestone sites while sandy sites maintained a larger fraction of the original diversity. Archaeophytes, neophytes and most Poaceae (including some aggressive weeds) showed similarly strong losses as indigenous plants. This contradicts the assumption that grasses and neophytes are generally profiting from agricultural intensification. Crop diversity decreased from 25 crop plants present in the 1950s/60s to only 16 in 2009, while crop cover generally increased. Winter cereals, oilseed rape and maize are dominant today, while all other crop types showed strong declines.

Main conclusions

Vegetation change over time depended on soil substrate with once markedly different arable communities now showing more homogenized community structure. Increasing Ellenberg indicator values for nitrogen and pH point to N fertilization as a major driver of change. New conservation measures such as the establishment of field flora reserves and agri‐environment schemes with less intensive land use are thus urgently needed especially on limestone substrates to bring an end to the decline of this functionally distinct and increasingly threatened component of the Central European flora.
Molecular mediators of pulp inflammation and regeneration
Authors: Cooper Paul R. , Smith Anthony J.
Published: June 2013

Dental tissue infection results in immune and inflammatory responses mediated by molecular and cellular events that, if unchecked, result in tissue breakdown. The tooth, like other tissues and organs within the body, will attempt to repair and regenerate its own hard and soft tissues given the appropriate conditions and environment. However, unchecked infection and inflammation will have a significant impact on the natural regenerative responses of the dental tissues. Thus far, there have been limited studies addressing the inter‐relationship between these two processes, which are clearly linked by molecular and cellular events. Indeed, locally derived growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines, which are all sequestrated within the dental tissue extracellular matrix and are also expressed by pulpal cells, immune cells, and/or necrotic host tissue, will have considerable impact on the cellular events within the tissue. In addition to the molecular signaling, there will be important cellular interactions that will occur as stem cells, resident or recruited to the pulp, have known immuno‐modulatory activity with significant implications for regenerative events. In this review, we aim to explore how the pulpal tissue responds to the invading bacteria and the signaling mechanisms that are now being described and are important in regulating both the immune/inflammatory and regenerative responses.
An update on clinical regenerative endodontics
Authors: Diogenes Anibal , Henry Michael A. , Teixeira Fabricio B. , Hargreaves Kenneth M.
Published: June 2013

Endodontic management of immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulps is both a clinical problem for dental practitioners and a public health care problem. Although it is feasible to perform apexification procedures, the long‐term survival of these teeth is questionable due to thin, incompletely formed dentinal walls. Regenerative endodontic procedures have emerged as a viable treatment alternative for these teeth. This review summarizes the evolution of these procedures while presenting recent advances, including treatment protocol modifications based on translational studies and future bioengineering approaches.
Delusional infestations: clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Heller Misha M. , Wong Jillian W. , Lee Eric S. , Ladizinski Barry , Grau Manuel , Howard Josephine L. , Berger Timothy G. , Koo John Y. M. , Murase Jenny E.
Published: June 2013

Patients with delusional infestations (DI), previously named delusions of parasitosis, have a fixed, false belief that they are infested with living or non‐living pathogens. Patients have abnormal cutaneous symptoms such as itching, biting, or crawling sensations. They often demonstrate self‐destructive behavior in an effort to rid the pathogens from under their skin, leading to excoriations, ulcerations, and serious secondary infections. This review article aims to provide an overview of DI including its clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Strategies on how to establish a strong therapeutic alliance with DI patients are discussed. In addition, antipsychotic medications used in the treatment of DI are described.
“The EU Should Talk to Germany” Transnational Legal Consciousness as a Rights Claiming Tool among Undocumented Migrants
Authors: Schwenken Helen
Published: June 2013

Migrants must often negotiate their rights while being hampered by their precarious resident status, within contexts where the overlap of migration, welfare, labour and gender regimes lead to incoherent and contradictory institutional set‐ups that hinder their claiming of rights. The analysis of the legal consciousness of undocumented migrants in Germany reveals a complex set of orientations. On some occasions they waive their rights, accepting lower working conditions in order not to lose their jobs – a finding that confirms existing research. At the same time, they also informally “enact” rights and access to institutions themselves. They appeal to the experiences of undocumented migrants with laws and access to social services in other countries. The finding of relatively widespread transnational legal consciousness adds a new dimension to the scholarship on migrant legal consciousness and claims‐making, which has hitherto portrayed undocumented migrants as living in a legal limbo between their countries of origin and destination.
Revision of the South American wasp genus Aelurus (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae: Thynninae)
Authors: KIMSEY LYNN S.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The relationships among the thirteen South American species of Aelurus are discussed, and nine new species are described. New synonymy is given for gayi (Spinola), clypeatus Klug and nigrofasciatus (Smith).
Phylogenetic relationships of three African swallowtail butterflies, Papilio dardanus, P.phorcas and P.constantinus: New data from hybrids (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)
Authors: CLARKE Sir CYRIL A. , GORDON IAN J. , SMITH CAMPBELL R. , VANE‐WRIGHT R. I.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Various laboratory‐bred hybrids between Papilio dardanus, P.phorcas and P.constantinus are reported. The principal object of the research was to obtain evidence regarding the evolutionary relationships of the three species, with particular reference to understanding the evolution of the mimetic patterns of P.dardanus. With regard to the latter, little progress was made but other findings were interesting, notably those concerning sex ratio, pupal coloration, and differences in male genitalia.
Phylogenetic relationships of three African swallowtail butterflies, Papilio dardanus, P.phorcas and P.constantinus: A cladistic analysis (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)
Authors: VANE‐WRIGHT R. I. , SMITH CAMPBELL R.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The well‐known polymorphic mimetic African papilionid butterfly, Papilio dardanus Brown, is demonstrated by cladistic analysis to form a monophyletic group (the phorcas‐group) with two other African swallowtails, P.phorcas Cramer and P.constantinus Ward. Within this group, dardanus and phorcas are shown to be sister‐species, with constantinus as the stem. The supposed relationship of this group of three Rutaceae‐feeding species to the five members of the Canellaceae/Lauraceae‐feeding Papilio hesperus‐group (including P.nobilis Rogenhofer) is questioned. The significance of this analysis is discussed with special reference to Trimen's original hypothesis on the evolution of mimetic patterns in female Papilio dardanus, the unique male patterns of phorcas and dardanus, and natural and laboratory‐produced hybrids. A pathway modelling technique is developed to represent the possible course of evolution of the phorcas‐group, in terms of speciation events and the accumulation and decay of the pattern polymorphisms.
Nasal Alar Rim Reconstruction Utilizing the Cms of the Helix, with Several Alternatives for Donor Site Closure
Authors: FIELD LAWRENCE M.
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The crus of the helix may be the best source for alar rim reconstruction in certain patients. Chances of survival of that composite graft are increased when the nasal mucosal surface can be spared by stringent efforts. A case demonstrating the success of these principles is presented, along with several alternative methods of donor site closure.
Tinea Nigra Masquerading as Acral Lentiginous Melanoma
Authors: BABEL DENNIS E. , PELACHYK JOHN M. , HURLEY JEFFREY P.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Tinea nigra is a superficial mycosis that may mimic serious pigmentary lesions. A lesion recently encountered on the foot was suspected of being a malignant melanoma. Histologic and mycologic studies, done after a biopsy was obtained, demonstrated Exophilia werneckii in the stratum corneum. Tinea nigra should be considered in the diagnosis of pigmented lesions of the hands and feet. A KOH examination is a simple and rapid means of demonstrating this entity.
Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia vs. Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising from Chronic Osteomyelitis of the Humerus
Authors: WAGNER RICHARD F. , GRANDE DONALD J.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The differential diagnosis of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, atypical pseudoepitheliomatous, and well‐differentiated squamous cell carcinoma is discussed. A patient is presented who illustrates the occasional difficulty of this diagnostic question.
International Dermatosurgery: Use of Medial Plantar Based Skin Flaps for Correction of Foot Defects
Authors: AMARANTE JOSÉ , SCHOOFS MICHEL , COSTA HORÁCIO , REIS JORGE , GONGAZA ROGÉRIO
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The recently described instep island flap can be used to restore foot tissue deficits, however, its usefulness is limited by the length of the neurovascular pedicle and by the small surface of the flap. This flap can also be used as a free or as a cross‐foot flap. We describe our experience with 10 patients. Heel defects in seven of them were corrected by the instep island flap. In the other three cases, the technique was modified, and the flap was obtained from the contralateral side, by a cross‐foot flap. In these last three cases, sensibility was obtained by neurorrhaphy, with excellent results.
Does Wide Excision as the Initial Diagnostic Procedure Improve Prognosis in Patients with Cutaneous Melanoma?
Authors: LEDERMAN JOSIANE S. , SOBER ARTHUR J.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. 502 patients with clinical stage I cutaneous melanoma were reviewed to determine if performing a wide excision (4–5 cm) at the time when the diagnosis of melanoma is suspected, improves the survival. Patients were divided into two groups based on initial biopsy type and thickness category. Group 1, wide excision; group 2, total excision with narrow margins, incisional, or punch biopsies. There was no evidence that patients who had had a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure (wide excision) as the initial approach had a better survival than those who had had another form of biopsy before definitive surgery. We cannot recommend excision with wide margins as the initial biopsy procedure for a lesion suspected to be melanoma before histologic verification, since it does not increase survival for melanoma and may result in unnecessary aggressive surgery in the case of a misdiagnosed benign lesion.
Chromoblastomycosis Treated by Mohs Micrographic Surgery
Authors: PAVLIDAKEY GEORGE P. , SNOW STEPHEN N. , MOHS FREDERIC E.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Mohs micrographic surgery has been used to treat a variety of skin cancers with excellent results. We present a case where the application of this technique was used effectively to treat a lesion of localized cutaneous chromoblastomycosis. One year following the surgery no recurrence has occurred.
Solitary Pigmented Bow en's Disease of the Scrotum
Authors: WAGNER RICHARD F. , GRANDE DONALD J.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. An elderly Chinese man with solitary pigmented Bowen's disease of the scrotum is described. This disease must be distinguished from seborrheic keratoses, pigmented basal cell carcinoma, melanocytic nevus, malignant melanoma, and bowenoid papulosis.
Epithelioma Cuniculatum (Carcinoma Cuniculatum) of the Thumb: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: COLDIRON BRETTM. , BROWN FORRESTC. , FREEMAN ROBERT G.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Epithelioma cuniculatum is a rare, slow growing, but locally destructive, low‐grade epithelioma of squamous cell origin. The first case of this tumor occurring on the thumb is reported. Treatment of this case is discussed, the literature reviewed, and controversy surrounding the naming of this tumor is examined.
Basic Mechanisms in the Healing Cutaneous Wound
Authors: KANZLER MATTHEW H. , GORSULOWSKY DAVID C. , SWANSON NEIL A.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The process of wound healing can be divided into substrate, proliferative, and remodeling phases. The basic biologic and physiologic events which transpire during these stages are examined in detail. Particular emphasis is placed on the interactions between platelets, macrophages, and other inflammatory cells, and fibroblasts in the healing wound. Recent advances in the roles played by interleukins, fibronectin, and epidermal growth factor are discussed.
Laser Treatment of Hereditary Multiple Glomus Tumors
Authors: BARNES LOUISE , ESTES STEPHEN A.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Familial multiple glomus tumors are rare. A family is reported here with the disease documented in three generations. While this type of glomus tumor is not classically associated with pain, all members of this family who exhibited multiple glomangioma were symptomatic. Treatment with both the argon laser and carbon dioxide laser was successful in relieving symptoms and improving the appearance of only the more superficial glomus tumors.
Treatment of Chromomycosis with a CO2 Laser
Authors: KUTTNER BARRY J. , SIEGLE RONALD J.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The successful employment of a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser in the eradication of localized chromomycosis is described. A review of alternative medical and surgical modalities used in treating this disorder is presented. The potential benefits of CO2 laser vs. cold steel surgery are discussed.
Pseudomelanoma following Laser Therapy for Congenital Nevus
Authors: TRAU HENRI , ORENSTEIN ARIE , SCHEWACH‐MILLER MIRIAM , TSUR HAGGAI
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Benign nevi can be removed by a variety of procedures including surgical excision, electrocautery, slicing off the protruding portion by a shave biopsy, cryotherapy, dermabrasion, etc. Except in the case of complete excision, these procedures may often be followed by recurrence. We describe a congenital nevus that was incompletely removed by CO2 laser therapy. When the lesion recurred, it had clinical as well as histologic features in common with malignant melanoma, although it was completely benign.
Postdermabrasion Leukoderma
Authors: FALABELLA RAFAEL
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Three patients developed leukoderma following dermabrasion during an attempt to correct the scarring sustained after a thermal burn injury several years previously. Two of the patients were successfully repig‐mented with autologous minigrafting and epidermal suction grafts.
Lasers: Treatment of Digital Myxoid Cysts with Carbon Dioxide Laser Vaporization
Authors: HUERTER CHRISTOPHER J. , WHEELAND RONALD G. , BAILIN PHILIP L. , RATZ JOHN LOUIS
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Digital myxoid cysts represent a relatively uncommon cutaneous disorder which have often proven refractory to conservative management. We report a series of ten patients with this condition who were effectively treated with carbon dioxide (CO2) laser vaporization. There has been no recurrence of cysts during a follow‐up period ranging from 14 to 44 months.
A Contemporary Approach to Male Pattern Alopecia
Authors: STOUGH D. BLUFORD , ABRAMSON LAWRENCE J. , STRANGE PHILLIP
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Male pattern alopecia can be significantly improved with punch autografts, scalp reductions, and/or hair‐bearing flaps. In the authors' experience, the choice of the appropriate surgical modality is expedited by utilizing the classification of baldness coupled with the quality of the donor hair.
Chemosurgical Debridement of Osteomyelitic Bone by Zinc Chloride Fixative
Authors: BENNETT RICHARD G. , GOLDMAN MITCHEL P.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Zinc chloride fixative (as described in fixed‐tissue Mohs surgery) is useful as a chemical debridement method for osteomyelitic bone. We describe a case of an 86‐year‐old female with a 67‐year history of an osteomyelitic ulcer of the anterior tibia. Previous attempts at surgical extirpation of the bone followed by immediate or delayed repair by orthopedic and plastic surgery services had eventuated in recurrence of the basic osteomyelitic process. Below‐the‐knee amputation was recommended as the only alternative to treatment. However, we chose to apply zinc chloride fixative which penetrated the full thickness of cortical bone and revealed a wider and deeper extent of the infectious process than previously recognized. Following removal of the fixed bone, a muscle flap repair followed by split‐thickness skin grafting was done by plastic surgery. The patient remains ulcer and symptom free 31 months postopera‐tively. We feel zinc chloride fixative is useful as an adjunct to other surgical means of extirpation of bone as it is tissue sparing and more accurately determines the extent of involved bone when infected.
Refinements in Split‐Thickness Skin Grafting Technique
Authors: GLOGAU RICHARD G. , STEGMAN SAMUEL J. , TROMOVITCH THEODORE A.
Published: June 2013

Abstract Modifications for split‐thickness grafting techniques are discussed, including the use of incontinuity, semipermeable, biologic dressings during harvesting, spiral basting sutures for graft attachment, and meshing to increase graft coverage.
Cowden's Disease—Treatment of Cutaneous Lesions Using Carbon Dioxide Laser Vaporization: A Comparison of Conventional and Superpulsed Techniques
Authors: WHEELAND RONALD G. , McGILLIS S. TERI
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Cowden's disease is a genodermatosis associated with both cutaneous and visceral manifestations, including cancer. Trichilemmomas represent one of the benign cutaneous lesions associated with this syndrome and may be responsible for significant cosmetic disfigurement. Using the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser in its vaporizational mode of operation, a patient with multiple trichilemmomas of the nose, previously unsuccessfully treated with multiple medical and surgical procedures, obtained excellent cosmetic results.
How to Biopsy Oral Lesions
Authors: HARAHAP MARWALI
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Biopsy of oral lesions is a procedure of considerable diagnostic value. The size, location, and characteristics of the lesion determine the type of procedure used. The procedure is explained using photographs and appropriate commentary.
Bulbous‐Lysing Underminers
Authors: WEBER PAUL J. , WULC ALAN E. , DZUBOW LEONARD M.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The blunt dissection offered by liposuction cannulas has greatly aided surgical undermining such as in face‐lift surgery. Herein, we propose a new line of instruments that combines bulbous or blunt dissection with intervening lysing segments. The subgaleal version enables the surgeon to quickly undermine the scalp from ear to ear for scalp reductions in the subgaleal plane. In addition, the subgaleal device aids in the maintenance of the proper dissection plane and is useful in browlifts as well. A closely related “general” undermining device greatly facilitates face‐lift surgery and has found other uses in the undermining or separation of fibrous tissue planes.
Micro and Mini Hair Grafting Using the Standard Hair Implantation Procedure
Authors: FRECHET PATRICK
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The method described here for micro and mini hair grafting is simpler, faster, and as reliable as the standard implantation procedures that are currently employed.
ARTICLE: The Treatment of Multiple Lipomas by Liposuction Surgery
Authors: SPINOWITZ ALAN L.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. When lipomas reach 4 cm or more in size or are multiple, liposuction becomes an excellent alternative to excisional surgery, which is the treatment of choice for small lipomas. Two cases of multiple lipomas treated by liposuction surgery are presented.
ARTICLE: Basal Cell Carcinoma in a Patient with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Treatment with Mohs Micrographic Surgery Fixed‐Tissue Technique
Authors: HRUZA GEORGE J. , SNOW STEPHEN N.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. A case illustrating Mohs micrographic surgery fixed‐tissue technique in the treatment of a large basal cell carcinoma of the left nasal alar groove in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is described. Fixation of the tissue before excision and appropriate infectious disease precautions minimize exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus by the surgical and laboratory personnel, while Mohs micrographic mapping assures complete removal of a potentially life‐threatening cancer in an immunocompromised patient.
The Preauricular Tubed Pedicle Flap
Authors: FIELD LAWRENCE M.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Tubed pedicle flaps find limited application for the cutaneous surgeon, but the preauricular area offers particular advantages in reconstructing certain congenital or acquired defects on the pinnae. These flaps are two‐staged procedures, the utmost care being required in pre‐surgical assessment and careful handling of the transposing pedicles. The attached vascular pedicle virtually guarantees success in transferring thicker portions of preauricular tissue into deep defects on the auricle. The reconstructive surgeon will find the challenges rewarding in achievement of aesthetic results with difficult problems. To date we have performed 36 two‐staged pedicled auricular reconstructive procedures with no untoward complications or sequelae.
Acne Keloidalis: A Review
Authors: DINEHART SCOTT M. , HERZBERG ARLENE J. , KERNS B.J. , POLLACK SHELDON V.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Acne keloidalis is a chronic scarring folliculitis located on the posterior neck of young black men. It is manifest clinically by follicular papules that coalesce into firm plaques and nodules. Examination of early lesions shows that inflammation begins at the deep infundibular and isthmic levels of the hair follicle and is accompanied by absence of sebaceous glands. The etiology of acne keloidalis is uncertain, but centers around anatomic, infectious, and autoimmune theories. Successful surgical therapy of advanced cases can be carried out using a number of methods as long as subfollicular destruction of the process is achieved.
Treatment of Perifolliculitis Capitis Abscedens et Suffodiens with the Carbon Dioxide Laser
Authors: GLASS L. FRANK , BERMAN BRIAN , LAUB DAVID
Published: June 2013

Abstract. We describe the successful use of the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser for localized surgical therapy in a patient with perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens that was refractory to conservative treatment.
Never to be forgotten? The 2013 English local elections
Authors: Curtice John
Published: June 2013

Regular columnist John Curtice looks back on a momentous local elections season for Ukip and its implications both for the three main parties at Westminster and the future of British politics.
Addressing the need for an infection prevention and control framework that incorporates the role of surveillance: a discussion paper
Authors: Mitchell Brett G. , Gardner Anne
Published: June 2013

Aim

To present a discussion on theoretical frameworks in infection prevention and control.

Background

Infection prevention and control programmes have been in place for several years in response to the incidence of healthcare‐associated infections and their associated morbidity and mortality. Theoretical frameworks play an important role in formalizing the understanding of infection prevention activities.

Design

Discussion paper.

Data sources

A literature search using electronic databases was conducted for published articles in English addressing theoretical frameworks in infection prevention and control between 1980–2012.

Results

Nineteen papers that included a reference to frameworks were identified in the review. A narrative analysis of these papers was completed. Two models were identified and neither included the role of surveillance.

Discussion

To reduce the risk of acquiring a healthcare‐associated infection, a multifaceted approach to infection prevention is required. One key component in this approach is surveillance. The review identified two infection prevention and control frameworks, yet these are rarely applied in infection prevention and control programmes. Only one framework considered the multifaceted approach required for infection prevention. It did not, however, incorporate the role of surveillance. We present a framework that incorporates the role of surveillance into a biopsychosocial approach to infection prevention and control.

Conclusion

Infection prevention and control programmes and associated research are led primarily by nurses. There is a need for an explicit infection prevention and control framework incorporating the important role that surveillance has in infection prevention activities. This study presents one framework for further critique and discussion.
Plio‐Pleistocene out‐of‐Australia dispersal in a camaenid land snail
Authors: Köhler Frank , Criscione Francesco
Published: June 2013

Aim

Camaenidae are amongst the most diverse land snail groups in Southeast Asia and Australasia, but their phylogeny and biogeography are poorly understood. The monophyly and biogeographical origin of the Australian species has remained uncertain. Being reported from north‐western Australia as well as from the Lesser Sunda Islands, the genus Rhagada is crucial to our understanding of camaenid biogeography. By resolving the phylogeny of Rhagada, we aim to uncover spatial and temporal patterns of its diversification at the interface between Oriental and Australian biogeographical regions.

Location

North‐western Australia, Lesser Sunda Islands.

Methods

We implemented Bayesian and maximum likelihood methods to generate the most complete mitochondrial phylogeny of Rhagada land snails to date. Divergence times of clades were estimated by employing a relaxed molecular clock and two internal calibrations from fossil and tectonic data. Ancestral areas of clades were inferred using character history reconstruction based on parsimony, as implemented in Mesquite.

Results

Rhagada clustered into eight well‐supported clades that are restricted to certain geographical areas. Species from the Kimberley, Western Australia, formed the earliest branching clades. A single Lesser Sunda clade was sister to a radiation in the Western Australian Pilbara. Molecular age estimates placed the evolutionary origin of Rhagada between the late Miocene and early Pleistocene, and dispersal from Western Australia onto the Lesser Sunda Islands in a period between the mid‐Pliocene and early Pleistocene.

Main conclusions

The camaenid Rhagada originated in the Kimberley and subsequently expanded its range through the Pilbara and into the Shark Bay area, probably during the late Pliocene and mid‐Pleistocene. From the Kimberley, Rhagada snails colonized the Lesser Sunda Islands probably not before 1.9 Ma following emergence of the youngest islands, which may have acted as ‘stepping stones’. Over‐sea dispersal might have occurred during the mid‐Pleistocene when lowered sea levels facilitated faunal exchange across the region.
Medical management of critical limb ischaemia: where do we stand today?
Authors: Lambert M. A. , Belch J. J. F.
Published: June 2013

Critical limb ischaemia (CLI) is a severe form of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). CLI often causes disabling symptoms of pain and can lead to loss of the affected limb. It is also associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and death from cardiovascular disease. The aims of management in patients with CLI are to relieve ischaemic pain, heal ulcers, prevent limb loss, improve function and quality of life and prolong survival. Here, current evidence regarding the medical management of CLI is reviewed. Cardiovascular risk factors should be assessed in all patients with CLI; smoking cessation and treatment of hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and diabetes all reduce the mortality rate in those with PAD. Antiplatelet agents (either aspirin or clopidogrel) are recommended to reduce both the incidence of cardiovascular events and risk of arterial occlusion. By contrast, routine use of anticoagulation (either warfarin or heparin) is not recommended. Treatment of the limbs themselves is often more challenging. Prostanoids may have some efficacy for treating rest pain and for ulcer healing, and iloprost shows favourable results in reducing the risk of major amputations, but long‐term follow‐up data regarding disease progression are lacking. There is insufficient evidence to support the use of naftidrofuryl or cilostazol, and pentoxifylline is not beneficial. Furthermore, there is no evidence of proven benefit of hyperbaric oxygen. A number of angiogenic growth factors have been studied in Phase I studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). They appear to be safe, but efficacy results have been mixed. Treatment with stem cells also shows some potential from early trials, but further larger RCTs are needed to demonstrate clear benefit. Thrombolysis may be an alternative for patients who develop acute limb ischaemia and are unsuitable for surgical intervention. However, newer endovascular techniques are likely to have a greater role in the future.
Optimization of Culturing Conditions of a Strain ofPhytophthora capsiciPathogenic to Habanero Pepper (Capsicum chinense)
Authors: Flores‐Giubi María Eugenia , Brito‐Argáez Ligia , García‐Sosa Karlina , Escalante‐Erosa Fabiola , Islas‐Flores Ignacio , Peña‐Rodríguez Luis Manuel
Published: June 2013

Phytophthora capsiciis an oomycete known as the causal agent of wilting disease inCapsicumspp., which causes rotting of roots, crowns, stems, leaves and fruits. To date, little is known about the production of phytotoxic metabolites byP. capsicior their role in the infection process. As part of a project directed towards the isolation and identification of phytotoxins produced by a strain ofP. capsicipathogenic to habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense), we have evaluated the effect of factors such as aeration, light and culture medium on the production of mycelium and phytotoxic metabolites byP. capsici. The results showed that culturingP. capsiciin potato dextrose broth (PDB) containing habanero pepper leaf infusion, in the dark and under still conditions, results in a high production of mycelium and a high phytotoxicity of the culture filtrate, in the shortest period of time.
Brief Report of a New Highly Divergent Variant of Grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 3 (GLRaV‐3)
Authors: Goszczynski Dariusz E.
Published: June 2013

The alignment of the complete genomes of genetic variants of Grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 3 (GLRaV‐3) representing phylogenetic groups I, II, III and VI revealed numerous regions with exceptionally high divergence between group I to III and group VI variants. Oligonucleotide primers universal for all the above groups of the virus were designed in conserved short stretches of sequences flanking the divergent regions in the helicase (Hel) and RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) domains of the replicase gene and the divergent copy of the capsid protein (dCP) gene. Cloning and sequencing of the 549‐bp RT‐PCR amplicon of the helicase domain from grapevine cv. Shiraz lead to the detection of a variant of GLRaV‐3, which shared only 69.6–74.1% nt similarity with other variants, including the recently reported, new, highly divergent variant, isolate 139. This was confirmed by the results of the analysis of 517‐bp amplicon of the HSP70 gene of GLRaV‐3 generated in RT‐nested PCR based on degenerate primers for the simultaneous amplification of members of the Closteroviridae family designed by Dovas and Katis (J Virol Methods, 109, 2003, 217). In this genomic region, the variant shares 72.3–78.7% nt similarity with other variants of GLRaV‐3. This previously unreported, new, highly divergent variant was provisionally named GTG10. From the alignment of the HSP70 sequences primers for the specific RT‐nested PCR amplification of the variant GTG10 and members of group VI, and specific simultaneous amplification of variants of groups I, II and III, were designed. The results obtained from brief testing of various grapevines using all these primers suggest a relatively limited presence of GTG10 variant in vineyards.
Effect of dietary potassium and anionic salts on acid–base and mineral status in periparturient cows
Authors: Rérat M. , Schlegel P.
Published: June 2013

Dry cow diets based on grassland forage from intensive production contain high amounts of K and could be responsible for a reduced ability to maintain Ca homoeostasis. The aim of this study was to determine whether a moderate anionic salt supplementation to a forage‐based pre‐calving diet with varying native K content affects the mineral and acid–base status in transition cows. Twenty‐four dry and pregnant Holstein cows, without antecedent episodes of clinical hypocalcemia, were assigned to two diets during the last 4 weeks before estimated calving date. Twelve cows were fed a hay‐based diet low in K (18 g K/kg DM), and 12, a hay‐based diet high in K (35 g K/kg DM). Within each diet, six cows received anionic salts during the last 2 weeks before the estimated calving day. After calving, all cows received the high K diet ad libitum. Blood samples were taken daily from day 11 pre‐partum to day 5 post‐partum. Urine samples were taken on days 7 and 2 pre‐partum and on day 2 post‐partum. The anionic salt did not alter feed intake during the pre‐partum period. Serum Ca was not influenced by the dietary treatments. Feeding pre‐partum diets with low K concentrations induced a reduced metabolic alkalotic charge, as indicated by reduced pre‐partum urinary base–acid quotient. Transition cows fed the low K diet including anionic salts induced a mild metabolic acidosis before calving, as indicated by higher urinary Ca, lower urinary pH and net acid–base excretion. Although serum Ca during the post‐partum period was not affected by dietary treatment, feeding a low K diet moderately supplemented with anionic salts to reach a dietary cation–anion difference close to zero permitted to obtain a metabolic response in periparturient cows without altering the dry matter intake.
Health Care Avoidance Among Rural Populations: Results From a Nationally Representative Survey
Authors: Spleen Angela M. , Lengerich Eugene J. , Camacho Fabian T. , Vanderpool Robin C.
Published: June 2013

Background

Previous research suggests that certain populations, including rural residents, exhibit health care avoidant behaviors more frequently than other groups. Additionally, health care avoidance is related to sociodemographics, attitudes, social expectations, ability to pay for care, and prior experiences with providers. However, previous studies have been limited to specific geographic areas, particular health conditions, or by analytic methods.

Methods

The 2008 Health Information Trends Survey (HINTS) was used to estimate the magnitude of health care avoidance nationally and, while controlling for confounding factors, identify groups of people in the United States who are more likely to avoid health care. Chi‐square procedures tested the statistical significance (P < .05) of bivariate relationships. Multivariable analysis was conducted through a weighted multiple logistic regression with backward selection.

Results

For 6,714 respondents, bivariate analyses revealed differences (P < .05) in health care avoidance for multiple factors. However, multiple regression reduced the set of significant factors (P < .05) to rural residence (OR = 1.69), male sex (OR = 1.24), younger age (18‐34 years OR = 2.34; 35‐49 years OR = 2.10), lack of health insurance (OR = 1.43), lack of confidence in personal health care (OR = 2.24), lack of regular provider (OR = 1.49), little trust in physicians (OR = 1.34), and poor provider rapport (OR = 0.94).

Conclusion

The results of this study will help public health practitioners develop programs and initiatives targeted and tailored to specific groups, particularly rural populations, which seek to address avoidant behavior, thereby reducing the likelihood of adverse health outcomes.
Collective Agreement Status and Survivability: Change and Persistence in the German Model
Authors: Addison John T. , Teixeira Paulino , Bryson Alex , Pahnke André
Published: June 2013

This paper assesses the decline in collective bargaining coverage in Germany. Using repeat cross‐section and longitudinal data from the IAB Establishment Panel, it indicates the overwhelming importance of behavioural as opposed to compositional change in this process. Further, in the first use of survival analysis for the purpose, it also charts workplace transitions into and out of collective bargaining. In addition to providing new estimates of the median duration of coverage, the paper reports on the factors generating entry into and exit from collective bargaining. These influences are found to be distinct but symmetric.