bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
СЕМАНТИКА СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЙ С ОБЩИМ ЗНАЧЕНИЕМ «БОГАТЫЕ И БЕДНЫЕ» В РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Authors: Tarasova Anna Sergeevna
Published: August 2020

Цель. В статье рассматриваются особенности семантической структуры сочинительных словосочетаний с общим значением «богатые и бедные», репрезентирующих семантические поля «богатство» и «бедность». Целью работы является характеристика исследуемых единиц на лексическом, морфологическом, синтаксическом уровнях языка в текстах четырех хронологических периодов: в старорусских текстах, художественных текстах XIX, XX и XXI вв.Метод или методология проведения работы. Исследование проведено с привлечением материала и инструментария Национального корпуса русского языка. В ходе исследования применяются методы компонентного, дистрибутивного и контекстуального анализа.Результаты. В результате проведенного исследования определен наиболее общий семантический компонент структуры рассматриваемых единиц, позволяющий классифицировать случаи употребления, – обобщенная ситуация контекста. Выделены контекстные ситуации объединения, разделения (противопоставления) и нейтрализации. Установлено, что распределение контекстных ситуаций характерно для текстов XIX и последующих веков. Ситуация объединения субъектов является наиболее репрезентативной в текстах XIX и XXI вв. В XX в. наиболее репрезентативной является контекстная ситуация нейтрализации, что обусловлено идеологическими причинами.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в вузовских курсах лексикологии, спецкурсах по лингвокультурологии и лингвокогнитивистике, при составлении толковых, идеографических, диахронических, парадигматических словарей.
РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИЯ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ КОММУНИКАЦИИ В ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОМ ТЕКСТЕ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ВЕРБАТИМ «DOC.TOP. ЗАПИСКИ ПРОВИНЦИАЛЬНОГО ВРАЧА» ЕЛЕНЫ ИСАЕВОЙ)
Authors: Shilnikova Olga Gennadievna , Vasileva Svetlana Sergeevna , Ovechkina Elena Alekseevna
Published: August 2020

В статье описывается своеобразие профессиональной медицинской коммуникации и особенности ее репрезентации в художественном тексте.Цель исследования – выявить содержательные, функциональные и структурные особенности профессиональной коммуникации в медицинской сфере. Предмет изучения – эмоционально-коммуникативный и речевой аспекты профессиональной коммуникации вербатим Е. Исаевой «Doc.Top. Записки провинциального врача».Методы исследования определяются задачами исследования и включают общенаучные методы анализа и синтеза, сочетание методов лингвистических (описательный и статистический методы) и литературоведческих (проблемно-тематический метод). Новизна исследования обусловлена его междисциплинарным характером. В настоящей работе предпринята попытка интеграции знаний теории коммуникации, лингвистики и литературоведения.Наиболее значимыми результатами исследования представляются выводы о том, что профессиональную медицинскую коммуникацию отличает синкретизм прагматических, профессионально-маркированных и личностных коммуникативных стратегий, выраженное эмоционально-психологическое речевое поведение коммуникантов. Специфика информационно-коммуникационного взаимодействия участников медицинского дискурса определяется статусно-ролевыми отношениями его участников, социокультурным и институциональным контекстом общения, а также особой профессиональной мотивацией врача как представителя значимой сферы человеческой жизнедеятельности.Область применения результатов. Результаты данной работы могут быть использованы при изучении таких дисциплин, как теория коммуникации, стилистика текста, а также при анализе художественной речи и вербатим.
ИНВАРИАНТ СЛОВООБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОГО ТИПА КАК СРЕДСТВО СИСТЕМАТИЗАЦИИ ПРОИЗВОДНОЙ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ЛЕКСИКИ ДИЗАЙНА
Authors: Shontukova Irina Vasiljevna
Published: August 2020

Актуальность статьи заключается в поиске новых способов систематизации лексики. Целью является рассмотрение лингводидактической единицы Инвариант словообразовательного типа в качестве средства комплексной систематизации производной терминологической лексики на примере профессиональной лексики дизайна.Методы или методология исследования. В процессе исследования применяются такие методы, как анализ научных источников и моделирование производных слов. В частности, автор проводит анализ существующих научных трудов в области терминообразования и классификации лексики и приводит собственный опыт изучения профессиональной дизайнерской лексики. Основное содержание статьи посвящено описанию использования технологии построения словообразовательных моделей производной лексики в качестве средства систематизации дизайнерских терминов.Результаты исследования заключаются в определении основных групп терминов, относящихся к сфере дизайна, выделении наиболее продуктивных типов производной дизайнерской лексики, схем и словообразовательных моделей производных терминов дизайна. Делается основной вывод о том, что Инвариант словообразовательного типа может быть использован в качестве средства систематизации терминологической лексики в силу ее специфических свойств.Область применения результатов. Предложенный способ систематизации позволит проводить комплексный анализ родственных лингвистических явлений в образовании терминологический лексики.
ЯЗЫКОВЫЕ СРЕДСТВА ВЫРАЗИТЕЛЬНОСТИ АНГЛОЯЗЫЧНОГО БИЗНЕС-ТВИТТЕРА
Authors: Goncharova Elena Anatolevna
Published: August 2020

Научная новизна работы заключается в попытке выделить характерные частотные механизмы лингвистической креативности бизнес-пользователей «Твиттера», такие как аббревиация, неологизация, релексикализация, блендинг, экспрессивно-оценочные средства. Актуальность настоящего исследования заключается в выявлении языковых механизмов лингвистической креативности «Бизнес-Твиттера». Задачей данного исследования является раскрытие функциональных и жанрообразующих характеристик микроблога «Твиттер».Целью данного исследования является выявление и классификация языковой специфики «Бизнес-Твиттера» как одного из наиболее значимых компонентов интернет-коммуникации, комплексный анализ функциональных особенностей англоязычного речевого поведения предпринимателей и управленцев в «Бизнес-Твиттере».Материалы и методы исследования. Выявление, систематизация и анализ исследования были проведены с привлечением методов: сплошной выборки, сопоставительного и сравнительного анализа, дескриптивного и дефиниционного методов, а также лингвопрагматического анализа и основных положений критического дискурс-анализа.Результаты. Автор приходит к выводу, что экспрессивно-оценочные средства делают язык и речь в «Бизнес-Твиттере» более емкими за счет экономии языковых средств и влияет на ассоциативное мышление потребителя, его эмоции и воображение.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в курсах по языкознанию, стилистике английского языка, лексикологии английского языка; в спецкурсах по виртуальному жанроведению и основам компьютерной лингвистики. Результаты работы могут быть применимы как к улучшению языковой политики уже существующих бизнес-аккаунтов компаний в «Твиттере», так и к созданию новых.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИИ КОНЦЕПТОВ СОЗИДАНИЯ В РУССКОЙ, НЕМЕЦКОЙ И АНГЛИЙСКОЙ ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРАХ
Authors: Zdanovskaya Lidia Borisovna
Published: August 2020

Цель. Статья посвящена специфике языковой реализации понятий, объединен­ных по семантическому признаку в группу концептов созидания, в русском, немецком и английском языковых пространствах. К данной группе концептов, общей численностью 4 единицы, автор относит «Строительство (стройка)/ Bau/ Construction», «Стена /Wand / Wall», «Архитектура безопасности /Sicherheitsarchitektur / Security Architecture /», «Политический Олимп / Politischer Olymp/ Political Olympus». Автором анализируются причины возникновения, динамика развития, а также результат представленности данных единиц в исследуемых лингвокультурах.Материалы и методы. Материалом исследования послужили лексемы, извлеченные из толковых словарей русского, немецкого, английского языков, а также опубликованные ранее статистические данные результатов анализа лек­сики, фразеологии и афористики, посвященные указанной тематике. Репрезен­танты концептов созидания были подвергнуты лексико-семантическому и сравнительно-­сопоставительному анализу.Результаты. Полученные результаты продемонстрировали различный уровень численной реализации; представленность исследуемых концептов на когнитивном и языковом уровнях; антропоцентризм созидательного действия. По мнению автора, представление концептами созидания культурных констант русского, немецкого и английского народов свидетельствует об уни­версальности и национально-культурной значимости данных единиц.
ОСНОВНЫЕ КОММУНИКАТИВНЫЕ ТАКТИКИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ МОЛОДЕЖНОГО СЛЕНГА НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ НЕМЕЦКОГО ЯЗЫКА
Authors: Zorkina (Kulakova) Ksenia Vadimovna
Published: August 2020

Статья посвящена изучению речевого поведения носителей немецкого молодежного сленга, стратегического и тактического планирования речевых действий немецкой молодежи, что определяет актуальность работы в теоретическом и прикладном аспектах. Коммуникативная стратегия рассматривается в сопоставлении с речевой и поведенческой стратегиями. Коммуникативная тактика – действие, способствующее реализации стратегии. Автор рассматривает две часто используемые в речевом поведении немецкой молодежи коммуникативные стратегии: «самопрезентации» и «воздействия на адресата». Материал исследования - 985 высказываний, включающих сленгизмы, зафиксированных автором в ходе наблюдения за студентами, обучающихся в г. Гермерсхайме, а также выбранных из немецких блогов и чатов. В основе коммуникативной стратегии «самопрезентации» выделены тактики: выражения принадлежности к группе, выражения престижа, выражения отношения к предметам и явлениям окружающей действительности, субъективной самохарактеристики. Реализации коммуникативной стратегии «воздействия на адресата» способствуют тактики: акцентирования внимания на более значимой для адресанта информации, скрытого побуждения, создания дружеской тональности общения. Каждая тактика подробно рассмотрена на конкретных примерах. Автор приходит к выводу, что в речевом поведении немецкой молодежи более распространена коммуникативная стратегия «самопрезентации». Этот факт определяет основную цель использования сленгизмов в речи немецкой молодежи – идентификация себя с определенной группой и одновременно отчужденность от других социальных групп.Цель. Статья нацелена на выявление основных коммуникативных тактик, реализуемых молодыми людьми в речи. Предметом анализа является речевое поведение немецкой молодежи в ситуациях общения среди сверстников.Метод и методология проведения работы. Основу исследования составляют метод наблюдения за речевым поведением информантов, метод опроса с целью получения языкового и социологического материала для дальнейшего исследования, метод контекстуального анализа, описательный метод.Результаты. В результате работы выявлены 2 основные коммуникативные стратегии, которые немецкая молодежь использует в общении среди сверстников: «самопрезентации» и «воздействия на адресата». Через них определяются основные цели использования сленгизмов: отгородиться от мира взрослых, быть признанным среди сверстников, оказывать влияние на них.Область применения результатов. Практическая ценность работы определяется возможностью использования ее результатов в теоретических и практических курсах по межкультурной коммуникации, социолингвистике.
ФЕЛИЦИТАРНЫЙ МЕТАСЮЖЕТ В РУССКОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЕ XIX ВЕКА
Authors: Ibatullina Guzel Mrtazovna , Mishina Galina Vitaljevna , Rad Elza Anisovna , Staritsyna Julia Alexandrovna
Published: August 2020

Системное изучение фелицитарной парадигмы русской литературы XIX в., в том числе ее метасюжетной логики, до сих пор не было предпринято в литературоведении. Цель статьи состоит в описании и анализе ключевых для данной парадигмы образно-смысловых инвариантов, актуализированных в творчестве русских писателей XIX в.: А.С. Пушкина, И.А. Гончарова, Н.А. Некрасова, А.П. Чехова; контекстуально затрагиваются также пути воплощения темы счастья в произведениях более широкого круга авторов (Л.Н. Толстого, Н.Г. Чернышевского и др.). Используя системно-функциональный, структурно-сопоставительный, мифопоэтический методы анализа текста, авторы статьи выделяют ряд знаковых инвариантных оппозиций и тождеств: рациональность – иррациональность счастья; достижимость – недостижимость счастья; счастье – покой; счастье – праведность; счастье – соборность. Исследование приводит к выводу, что диалогическими взаимоотражениями этих смысловых инвариантов обусловлены модификации фелицитарной темы в художественных мирах названных писателей. Основные векторы развития данной тематики определяются в статье в качестве одного из метасюжетов литературы данного периода. Общая логика развития самого фелицитарного метасюжета в русской литературе XIX в. характеризуется как движение между полюсами нравственно-психологических и экзистенциально-метафизических экспликаций.
Relational curiosity and constructive conflict: a study in classrooms
Authors: Olsson Elizabeth M.
Published: August 2020

Researchers have cast conflict as inherently emotional, but the emotions promoting constructive conflict handling remain underexplored. This article extends existing research using social interactionism as a lens to understand emotions as embedded in the relations and relationships that animate social disputes. Departing from three cases observed inside classrooms, the article demonstrates how teachers utilise curiosity to reframe, stimulate and transform conflicts with their students. Results elucidate the features of relational curiosity, an instrumental emotion with the capacity to promote social problem solving in concert with others. More broadly, findings contribute to research on prosocial emotions as tools for constructive conflict management and emotional labour as a relational phenomenon in educational contexts.
Helicity-dependent metasurfaces employing receiver-transmitter meta-atoms for full-space wavefront manipulation
Authors: Hou Haisheng , Wang Guangming , Li Haipeng , Guo Wenlong , Cai Tong
Published: August 2020

Manipulating orthogonal circularly polarized (CP) waves independently in both reflection and transmission modes in a single metasurface is pivotal. However, independently controlling CP waves with different polarizations is difficult especially for both reflection and transmission modes. Here, we designed a receiver-transmitter metasurface with helicity-dependent reflection and transmission properties. Our design breaks the fixed phases of the geometry metasurface-carrying Pancharatnam-Berry operators by combining the receive and transmit antennas. To verify the effectiveness of the modulation, we designed three linear deflectors with: (a) reflection phase gradient, (b) transmission phase gradient, and (c) both of gradients to achieve anomalous reflection, anomalous refraction, and simultaneous anomalous reflection and refraction, respectively. As proof of the concept, a bifunctional meta-device with functions of anomalous reflection and focusing transmission for different incident CP waves was simulated and measured. Our findings offer an easy strategy for achieving arbitrary bifunctional CP devices.
Nonlinear absorption and the ultrafast dynamic process of Au-Ag nanoshuttles
Authors: Wang Jun , He Ping , Chen Chunyu , Shao YaBin , Han Jing , Gao Yachen
Published: August 2020

Nonlinear optical absorption of Au-Ag nanoshuttles (NSs) was studied using an open-aperture Z-scan experiment with a 532 nm nanosecond laser at different energies. It was found that, when the laser energy is relatively low, the Au-Ag NSs exhibit saturated absorption (SA). When the laser energy is high, a conversion from SA to reverse saturated absorption (RSA) occurs. The ultrafast dynamic process of Au-Ag NSs was also investigated by using a femtosecond pump-probe technique. It is found that the process contains a fast and slow decay component that depends strongly on the laser intensity. Furthermore, when the probe wavelength is far away from the plasma resonance peak, the decay shows modulation due to the vibration mode of the coherent excitation.
Online environmental news stories in India during the COVID-19 pandemic: Reporting the ‘crisis’ and ‘concerns’ of the natural ecosystem
Authors: Yadav Ram Awtar
Published: August 2020

This article is a review of the online news reports about the ‘humanitarian crisis’ that surfaced in India as thousands of migrant workers struggled to return home during the nationwide lockdown triggered by COVID-19. With several newspaper editions unable to print and circulate amid lockdown, the online news portals and mobile news apps served as significant news dissemination platforms to the people. The article also attempts to understand how the online news portals reported the environmental issues in relation to the countrywide lockdown. On the one hand, the news stories traced the origin of COVID-19 with coronavirus transmitting to humans via other species like bats and pangolins; on the other, many reports drew people’s attention to the improvement in air quality with declining pollution levels due to the shutdown. Besides, a number of news reports surfaced that warned about the water crisis looming large in many water-stressed regions of India with the onset of summer as more water would be required for sanitization to keep the deadly virus at bay.
‘Nature is healing’: Environmental infodemic and the pitfall of dualism
Authors: Kinefuchi Etsuko
Published: August 2020

As the pandemic of COVID-19 shut down the world and people were ordered to stay home and social distance from each other, the world turned to social media to share all sorts of information about the pandemic and related topics, giving rise to infodemic or ‘an over-abundance of information – some accurate and some not – that makes it hard for people to find trustworthy sources and reliable guidance when they need it’ (: 2). Besides the overwhelming amount of information about the virus and its treatment, COVID-19 infodemic includes a copious volume of information about the environment. Many of the stories that spread on social media reported improvements to the environment, and this was attributed to human absence. This article will reflect on these stories and their implications from an ecological perspective with several questions in mind: how is the environment constructed in social media in relation to the pandemic, and what are their implications?; what may be overlooked in the infodemic on the environment, and why does that matter? My reflection addresses and problematizes the prevalence of dualism in the ways the environment is constructed in the widespread environmental stories in the context of the pandemic.
‘So long, and thanks for all the fish!’: Urban dolphins as ecofascist fake news during COVID-19
Authors: Allison Marcia
Published: August 2020

At the time of COVID-19 social distancing, the move from the real to a digital public life has propagated viral videos of ‘capturing’ wild animals performing unusual behaviours in typically urban habitats. From Welsh sheep using roundabouts to dolphins swimming in the Venice canals, the real from the fake becomes difficult to discern through technological advances but also in the belief in the underlying ideological environmental message it enables. In this article, I examine how these viral videos are not only being faked for the social validation of likes and retweets but have also become a tool for ecofascism: a far-right ideology that marries environmentalism with white supremacist ethnonationalism. I examine how social media is used to implicitly spread ecofascist ideas through an environmentalism fakery such as the urban Venetian dolphin that shows how humans, not COVID-19, are the virus and how these human-less vignettes are ultimately used by ecofascists to argue against immigration in order to ‘bring nature back to the natural order of things’. In conclusion, I look at what the initial implications are for communication and environmentalism and the potential these human-less lockdowns have for making convincing arguments for even the smallest of societal changes to mitigate climate change.
Quarantine encounters with digital animals: More-than-human geographies of lockdown life
Authors: Turnbull Jonathon , Searle Adam , Adams William M.
Published: August 2020

Quarantine conditions led to the proliferation of digital encounters with nonhuman animals. Here, we explore three prominent forms: creaturely cameos, avatar acquaintances and background birding. These virtual encounters afforded during lockdown life generated novel and affective human–animal relations that could have lasting effects for humans and nonhumans post-quarantine, posing interesting questions for more-than-human scholarship.
The cost of labour and energy in digital media and automation technologies beyond the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Khreiche Mario
Published: August 2020

The worldwide spread of COVID-19 accelerates the proliferation and reliance on automated, smart and digital technologies. Calls for digitally mediated assistance to contain the crisis itself coincide with broader changes to the ways that we live, learn and work with new platforms, screens and gadgets. From essential work robots to contact tracing apps to COVID-19 artificial intelligence challenges to virtual workplaces and classrooms, the key domains of the digital age are evidently thriving in the present moment. The technoscientific optimism and solutionism of the so-called Fourth Industrial Revolution converge with reports about recovering ecosystems and revived urban, exurban and nonurban environments. This article cautions against an overly extenuating view of smart robotics, digital apps and online media platforms as means to effectively control the pandemic and mitigate anthropogenic climate change. Instead, policy approaches need to be informed by an extended understanding of labour relations and research on the environmental costs of various automation technologies and digital economies. To help steer post-coronavirus politics towards objectives of socio-economic and environmental justice, critical scholarship needs to address the practices and discursive strategies that continue historical legacies of extractivism and concealment.
The extractive infrastructures of contact tracing apps
Authors: Aouragh Miriyam , Gürses Seda , Pritchard Helen , Snelting Femke
Published: August 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic will go down in history as a major crisis, with calls for debt moratoriums that are expected to have gruesome effects in the Global South. Another tale of this crisis that would come to dominate COVID-19 news across the world was a new technological application: the contact tracing apps. In this article, we argue that both accounts – economic implications for the Global South and the ideology of techno-solutionism – are closely related. We map the phenomenon of the tracing app onto past and present wealth accumulations. To understand these exploitative realities, we focus on the implications of contact tracing apps and their relation with extractive technologies as we build on the notion racial capitalism. By presenting themselves in isolation of capitalism and extractivism, contact tracing apps hide raw realities, concealing the supply chains that allow the production of these technologies and the exploitative conditions of labour that make their computational magic manifest itself. As a result of this artificial separation, the technological solutionism of contract tracing apps is ultimately presented as a moral choice between life and death. We regard our work as requiring continuous undoing – a necessary but unfinished formal dismantling of colonial structures through decolonial resistance.
Sensing the deathscape: Digital media and death during COVID-19
Authors: Alexis-Martin Becky
Published: August 2020

Across cultures, death has traditionally encompassed diverse material and ritual assemblages. Funeral practices are a unifying element of death, presenting an opportunity for communal memorialization of the deceased. These practices are environmentally embedded, spanning traditional graveyards and floral memorials, to contemporary green burials and body farms. However, COVID-19 has disrupted socio-environmental practices, due to disease transmission concerns that have manifested new constraints to funerary space. Here, I contemplate the digital deathscape during COVID-19 through three vignettes: the first considers Hart Island mass-burial drone footage and the emergence of a necropticon. The second vignette considers the emergence of domestic deathscapes and their significance to digitally broadcast (DB) funerals. The third vignette, Billy’s funeral, gives interview-based insights into the porous domestic deathscape of a DB funeral guest, Samantha. All three vignettes contemplate the experience of remotely sensing the deathscape and the scenarios that arise when traditionally hidden or ‘in-place’ death rituals arise ‘out-of-place’.
#NoGoingBack: Queer leaps at the intersection of protest and COVID-19
Authors: Haritaworn Jin
Published: August 2020

The concurrency of quarantine and protest has highlighted the trappings of a modernist realism whose conservative solutions reveal a paucity of methods and dreams. The wins that the uprisings against anti-Black police violence have put on the horizon, from the dismantling of carceral institutions to the uplifting of alternatives, have been long seeded by social movements that demanded the impossible. This includes ancestors, many of whom Black, queer and abolitionist, who prepared to take fantastic leaps, in the words of the Combahee River Collective. The following meditation holds up this legacy in order to reckon with the racism accompanying this latest crisis, from the Orientalist origin story of the coronavirus to a global quarantine paradigm that is haunted by racial capitalism. At the dystopic crossroad of the pandemic and the uprisings, a multiracial and multi-species spectre of planetary interdependence appears. This is illustrated by a mutual aid movement that uses digital and offline tactics in order to norm beyond the normal. In the place of a state-led surveillance and a single-issue environmentalism that are hostile to those most vulnerable to the virus, an urban environmental justice becomes palpable whose methods are queer.
Pandemic temporalities: Distal futurity in the digital Capitalocene
Authors: Chan Nadine
Published: August 2020

This article situates the cultural significance of COVID-19 at the intersection of critical conversation around capitalism, the digital and the environmental – fields where time and temporality are key elements to understanding what it means to imagine futures in an unequal, uncertain and alienated world. It argues that the exponential proliferation of digital lifeworlds during COVID-19 is symptomatic of deeper disjunctive temporalities symptomatic of late-stage capitalism. This article further considers if ‘pandemic temporality’, experienced through rapidly expanding virtual worlds (or digital Capitalocenes), takes us further away from becoming contemporaneous with inhabited ecological time. It also examines how the very asynchronicities of digital lifeworlds may show us possible alternatives to capitalist temporalities through contemporaneous and collective activism.
Evidence of Duodenal Epithelial Barrier Impairment and Increased Pyroptosis in Patients With Functional Dyspepsia on Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy and “Ex Vivo” Mucosa Analysis
Authors: Nojkov Borko , Zhou Shi-Yi , Dolan Russell D. , Davis Elisabeth M. , Appelman Henry D. , Guo Xueyan , Jackson Kenya , Sturm Matthew B. , Wang Thomas D. , Owyang Chung , Liu Julia J. , Chey William D.
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Duodenal epithelial barrier impairment and immune activation may play a role in the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia (FD). This study was aimed to evaluate the duodenal epithelium of patients with FD and healthy individuals for detectable microscopic structural abnormalities.

METHODS:

This is a prospective study using esophagogastroduodenoscopy enhanced with duodenal confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) and mucosal biopsies in patients with FD (n = 16) and healthy controls (n = 18). Blinded CLE images analysis evaluated the density of epithelial gaps (cell extrusion zones), a validated endoscopic measure of the intestinal barrier status. Analyses of the biopsied duodenal mucosa included standard histology, quantification of mucosal immune cells/cytokines, and immunohistochemistry for inflammatory epithelial cell death called pyroptosis. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured using Ussing chambers. Epithelial cell-to-cell adhesion proteins expression was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS:

Patients with FD had significantly higher epithelial gap density on CLE in the distal duodenum than that of controls (P = 0.002). These mucosal abnormalities corresponded to significant changes in the duodenal biopsy samples of patients with FD, compared with controls, including impaired mucosal integrity by TEER (P = 0.009) and increased number of epithelial cells undergoing pyroptosis (P = 0.04). Reduced TEER inversely correlated with the severity of certain dyspeptic symptoms. Furthermore, patients with FD demonstrated altered duodenal expression of claudin-1 and interleukin-6. No differences in standard histology were found between the groups.

DISCUSSION:

This is the first report of duodenal CLE abnormalities in patients with FD, corroborated by biopsy findings of epithelial barrier impairment and increased cell death, implicating that duodenal barrier disruption is a pathogenesis factor in FD and introducing CLE a potential diagnostic biomarker in FD.
Using multiple measures of teaching quality to strengthen teacher preparation
Authors: Kawasaki Jarod , Quartz Karen Hunter , Martinez Jose Felipe
Published: August 2020

We argue that teacher preparation programs considering approaches to assess teaching quality should choose measures that appropriately represent the complexity of teaching, have formative value in supporting teacher candidates develop as highly qualified teachers and consider the context, mission, and people that the program desires to serve. The authors are part of a research team working with an urban teacher residency program housed in a university’s teacher education program. The increased focus on clinical experience and mandated accountability that accompany federal grants created a fertile space to experiment with different types of measures and data collection approaches, well beyond what is typical in traditional teacher education programs. In this essay, we discuss the philosophy and considerations that informed the selection of these measures in the program, and the processes that were followed to use this data in ways that consider the complexity of teaching and honor the value of data as a tool for program improvement.
Valoración de la competencia digital en alumnos con rendimiento alto en Perú
Authors: Suárez-Guerrero Cristóbal , Revuelta-Domínguez Francisco-Ignacio , Rivero Panaqué Carol
Published: August 2020

El desarrollo de la competencia digital constituye un reto crítico e impostergable para la sociedad actual y una emergente área de trabajo e investigación educativa. Con la finalidad de dar soporte empírico al diseño de políticas educativas, este trabajo busca conocer cuáles son las expectativas que tiene un grupo de alumnos de educación superior con rendimiento alto y limitadas condiciones económicas, los becarios del programa “Beca 18” del gobierno peruano, sobre los factores que caracterizan la competencia digital, así como conocer las diferencias socioeducativas asociadas a esta percepción. Para ello, se empleó el Cuestionario de Competencias Digitales en Educación Superior (CDES) a una muestra altamente representativa a nivel nacional, 9,469 estudiantes. Entre los principales resultados se puede destacar diferencias significativas sobre la valoración de la competencia digital en función del género, del lugar de nacimiento y del tipo de institución de estudio. Estas variables son especialmente sensibles en el debate público, la promoción y la investigación sobre la competencia digital como el componente educativo en la formación básica y profesional del ciudadano en la sociedad tecnológicamente mediada. En conclusión, este grupo de rendimiento alto posee una visión de la competencia digital que no se limita a aspectos técnicos, sino que está nítidamente asociada a factores como la creatividad y la innovación.
O ciclo de políticas públicas da educação profissional e tecnológica no Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Dantas Alexandre Batista , Castro Junior Joel de Lima Pereira , Silva Giuliano Alves Borges
Published: August 2020

As políticas públicas, em especial na área de educação profissional, são desenvolvidas conforme ordem produtiva articulada a uma configuração institucional, relações de poder e práticas sociais. Neste sentido, tendem a se expressar nos processos de formação profissional e no nível da qualificação do trabalhador. Este artigo objetiva compreender os fatores que influenciaram a instituição da política pública de educação profissional e tecnológica no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, desde a concepção até as composições contemporâneas por meio do suporte teórico do Policy Cycle. De abordagem qualitativa; natureza descritiva e valendo-se dos meios técnicos de investigação da pesquisa documental, pesquisa histórica e pesquisa bibliográfica, a investigação adota as setes fases do ciclo como proposta de ferramenta analítica. Os dados sugerem que há equívocos nas estratégias de formulação e implementação da política, evidenciados pela dissociação entre os objetivos dos atores governamentais e os não governamentais, tais como na quantidade de recursos orçamentários para manutenção e modernização das unidades escolares já existentes e na forma de provimento (concurso ou contrato) do quadro de docentes. As consequências são a redução do número de matrículas em detrimento de outras redes de escolas técnicas e os baixos índices de avaliação, a exigir, portanto, o redesenho da política.
Reduced Dose of Beta-Alanine Is Sufficient to Maintain Performance in Repeated Sprints
Authors: Zandona Bruna A. , Ramos Renan A. , de Oliveira Cleyton dos Santos , McAnulty Steven R. , Ferreira Luis H.B. , Smolarek Andre C. , Enes Alysson A.N. , Urbinati Keith Mary de Souza Sato , Aragon Alan A. , Schoenfeld Brad J. , de Souza Junior Tácito P.
Published: August 2020

Zandona, BA, Ramos, RA, de Oliveira, CdS, McAnulty, SR, Ferreira, LHB, Smolarek, AC, Enes, AAN, Urbinati, KMdSS, Aragon, AA, Schoenfeld, BJ, and de Souza Junior, TP. Reduced Dose of Beta-Alanine Is Sufficient to Maintain Performance in Repeated Sprints. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1636–1642, 2022—Beta-alanine (BA) supplementation has been shown to be effective in improving physical performance by increasing carnosine concentration. However, it is still necessary to know the effect of a maintenance dose on performance. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of a maintenance dose of BA supplementation on performance. Forty-four anaerobically trained men with 23.9 ± 3.8 years of age, 176.0 ± 0.05 cm height, 81.2 ± 7.5 kg body mass, and 15.5 ± 2.9% of body fat performed a cycle ergometer test consisting of 4 sprints of 30 s with 4 minutes of active recovery. The study comprised 3 phases: (a) presupplementation, (b) supplementation with 6.4 g·d−1 BA or placebo, and (c) postsupplementation with a maintenance dose of 1.2 g·d−1 of BA or interruption of supplementation. Data were analyzed using generalized estimated equations with a priori 0.05 level of significance. The placebo group and interruption group presented a lower power (7.28 ± 0.66 and 7.71 ± 0.42 W·kg−1 vs. 8.04 ± 0.84 and 9.25 ± 1.18 W·kg−1, respectively; p < 0.05) during the third sprint in postsupplementation, whereas the maintenance group maintained the required power (7.47 ± 1.03 vs. 8.74 ± 1.07 W·kg−1; p > 0.05). The placebo group also presented higher percentage of fatigue (44.5% ± 12.3 and 44.8% ± 7.7 vs. 37.6 ± 7.2%; p = 0.021) and higher subjective perception of exertion (8.92 ± 0.90 vs. 8.00 ± 1.60; p = 0.028). Therefore, the maintenance dose of 1.2 g·d−1 BA was effective in maintaining performance, whereas a reduction in performance was observed after supplementation interruption.
La forma como ley natural en Francis Bacon
Authors: Pachón Damián
Published: August 2020

El trabajo de investigación busca esclarecer la Forma baconiana como “ley natural”. Se sostiene que los otros sentidos del concepto de Forma en Bacon, tales como diferencia verdadera, fuente de emanación o naturaleza naturante, forman parte de su eclecticismo, pero en estricto sentido, esas expresiones no dicen nada en torno a las leyes de las naturalezas simples o de los fenómenos físicos.  En contraste, la Forma como ley no sólo permite comprender mejor la peculiar lectura de Bacon sobre la legalidad natural, sino que posibilita establecer nexos con la parte operativa. En la investigación también se escudriñan las relaciones de la ley natural baconiana con la teología y la ley jurídica.
METAPHYSICAL ASPECTS OF THE “RELIGION OF SPIRITUAL INDIVIDUALITY” (ABSOLUTE SUBSTANTIALITY AND THE THINKING SPIRIT)
Authors: Misyurov Nikolay
Published: August 2020

The relevance of the topic is determined by the second wave of the religious “renaissance” (after “returning to the path leading to church” in the 1990s). Russian and European intellectuals express their undiminished interest in the spiritual practices of philosophizing, now in the communicative environment of the Internet. The article discusses the problem of metaphysical understanding of “content different from being” in connection with the fundamental question of the German philosophical thought – the question of the spiritual self-determination of an individual, which basically means the transformation of the “positive” religious philosophy into the “religion of revelation”. The aim of the work is to clarify the nature, content and form of philosophical and theological constructs and philosophical and religious systems that explain the interaction of the “uncreated Spirit” and “spiritual individuality”. These constructs are drawn on the philosophizing practices of the German romantic school of thought. In this sense, there is no particular distinction between Fichteanism, Schellingianism and Hegelianism. The methods of the study are defined by the methodology of the sources themselves (adjusted for the difference between the research paradigms of the past and the present), with special focus on dialectics. Some of the hermeneutic methods were also used for interpreting religion as the “revelations” of an individual spirit. The study resulted in revealing the continuity between the “positive” philosophy of the 1820s and the 1830s and the romantic philosophy of the 1790s and the 1800s, which predetermined the epistema of the philosophy of religion, characteristic of classical German philosophy. The author comes to the conclusion that “positive” religion, ontologically significant for the “self-determination” of an individual (and correlating with the individual’s relationships with the world), in the gnoseological terms is close to philosophical cognition, which makes it a specific form of socialization.
THE IDEA OF THE CHURCH AS THE “RUSSIAN IDEA” IN RUSSIAN RELIGIOUS PHILOSOPHY BETWEEN THE LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES
Authors: Klyukina Lyudmila
Published: August 2020

This article analyses the content of the idea of the church as it was interpreted by such representatives of Russian religious philosophy of the late 19th and early 20th centuries as N. F. Fyodorov, E. N. Trubetskoy and P. A. Florensky. The author establishes a point that the idea of the church formulated by these philosophers can be seen as the focal point of Russian religious culture in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The article demonstrates that such a narrowly defined form of life as church service conveyed the idea of universal unity embedded in Russian philosophy, as well as the notion of the Holy Trinity critical for Russian Orthodox culture. The author comes to the conclusion that the idea of the church formulated by Russian religious philosophers may be interpreted as the means of implementing the metaphysical meaning of the “Russian idea”, that is the idea of spiritual and mental transfiguration of an individual’s life on the basis of the values of the Eastern Orthodox Christianity.
«TRUTH SERUM»: KAREN BOYE’S SWEDISH ANTI-UTOPIAN NOVEL KALLOCAIN
Authors: Sharapenkova Natalia , Meshkut Anna , Tupikova Elena
Published: August 2020

The relevance of the present article is related to the urgent problem in Humanities (cultural studies, philology and sociology): characterization of anti-utopia that emerged in the ХХ and the XXI centuries, and its various national modifications. The purpose of the article is to define typical features of the anti-utopia in the Scandinavian novel Kallocain written by a Swedish writer Karin Boye and draw some parallels with Yevgeny Zamyatin’s novel We. The article proves the following thesis: the majority of the specific characteristics of anti-utopia are based on the category of the chronotope. The basic methods of the research were descriptive analytical method, comparative typological method, summarization, cultural-historical method, motive analysis, and content analysis of the text. The model of state-building is implemented in the artistic space of both novels. This model is presented as an ideal one; however, a closer look shows that it is the model of the totalitarian system of government: the states are isolated from the surrounding world which is presented in the novels as alien and hostile. Order, stability, and equality prevailing in the World Empire (Boye) and the United State (Zamyatin) are pushed to their grotesque limits and lead to the universal equalization of the citizens, and the governmental control of all the aspects of human life, including the intimate sphere.
Ethnotaxonomy of sharks by expert fishers from South Bahia, Brazil: Implications for fisheries management and conservation
Authors: Barbosa Filho Márcio Luiz Vargas , Ramires Milena , Mourão José da Silva , Rosa Ricardo de Souza , Alves Rômulo Romeu da Nóbrega , Costa-Neto Eraldo Medeiros
Published: August 2020

Historically, Brazilian fisheries management has not considered the knowledge of fish taxonomy from within fishing communities. This study points out processes of recognition, classification and nomenclature of sharks achieved by fishermen from South Bahia, Brazil. Data were obtained through semistructured interviews visually stimulated by exhibiting images of 30 species of elasmobranch fishes. Regionally, elasmobranch species are inserted into the folk taxon called “leather fishes" and in a category known as “cação" (shark) family. In addition to hierarchical classification, the fishermen organize shark species by adopting an ethnodimorphic and sequential model based on ethnoontogeny. Ethnodiagnostic characteristics are mainly related to the morphology, ecology and even physiology of a species. A total of 144 epithets is recorded, with a mean value of 4.8 ethnospecies for each scientific correspondent. Richness of vernacular names impedes species-specific information gathering regarding shark landings if fisher knowledge is not considered and applied in the improvement of fisheries data. Thus, this study encourages the employment of fishermen as parataxonomists in order to assist in the identification of sharks to specific levels. This study further emphasizes the potential of using ethnotaxonomic knowledge of fishing communities in initiatives related to participative management of shark fisheries in developing countries.
Method and Technical Characteristics of Traditional River Longline from Lower Sakarya River Fishery, Turkey
Authors: REİS İsmail , CERİM Hasan
Published: August 2020

In this study, a traditional longline set used in the lower Sakarya River was investigated. Technical characteristics and usage of the longline set were determined. Approximately 25-30% of the fishermen in the lower Sakarya River use this method. Fishermen use the longline set with 30-40 baited hooks by positioning them between the two banks of the river (30-60 m). Fishermen target relatively big individuals, especially, Silurus glanis. However, Esox lucius and some Cyprinidae species are also caught. The average daily catch is between 5-10 kg and captured S. glanis individuals are between 1-20 kg. To ensure sustainability, catch per unit efforts of this traditional method, and spawning stock biomass should be monitored.
Eber Gölü (Afyonkarahisar) Su Kalitesinin Araştırılması
Authors: GÜMÜŞ Numan Emre , AKKÖZ Cengiz
Published: August 2020

Eber Gölü konumu itibarı ile önemli sulak alanların başında gelmektedir. Akarçay havzasının tarımsal, evsel ve sanayi atıklarına maruz kalan bu nedenle de balık çeşitliliği neredeyse yok olmaya yüz tutan sığ bir sulak alanımızdır. Kritik durumu dolayısıyla araştırma alanı olarak seçtiğimiz Eber Gölü’nde farklı özellikte belirlenen beş istasyondan Nisan 2014-Şubat 2015 tarihleri arasında mevsimsel değişimi gözlemek amacıyla su örnekleri alınarak bazı fizikokimyasal parametrelerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçların değerlendirilmesinde Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi ve Pearson Korelasyon Analizi istatistik metotları kullanılmıştır. Bulunan sonuçlar ulusal ve uluslararası kalite kriterlerinde yer alan limit değerlerle karşılaştırılmıştır. Eber Gölü'ndeki su kalitesi Su Kalitesi Kontrol Yönetmeliğine (SKKY) göre I-IV. sınıf arasında değişim göstermektedir. Eber Gölü'nün evsel, sanayi ve tarımsal etmenlerle kirlendiği tespit edilmiştir. Gerekli önlemler alınmazsa göl çok kısa sürede özelliğini kaybedecektir.
Seasonal Change of Physicochemical Properties of Kayalıköy Reservoir (Kıklareli/Turkey) and Determination of Water Quality
Authors: GÜHER Hüseyin , ÖTERLER Burak
Published: August 2020

This study was carried out in the Kayalıköy reservoir (Kırklareli, Turkey), that is used for agricultural irrigation and aquaculture and to provide drinking and domestic water supply of Edirne province. The study was performed at 3 stations determined in the reservoir during a year from May 2018 to April 2019. The water samples were taken with Ruttner water sample bottles from 15 to 20 cm below the water surface. Water temperature, Secchi disk depth, conductivity, pH, and dissolved oxygen were measured on-site simultaneously with the sampling time. Other physicochemical parameters were analyzed in the laboratory. A total of 43 physicochemical parameters were measured in the Kayalıköy reservoir. Analysis results obtained are compared with Regulation on Modification of Surface Water Quality Management (RSWQM) and Regulation on the Quality and Treatment of Water Provided for Drinking Water (RDWQ). According to the average values of the analysis results the water quality in Kayalıköy reservoir determined generally to be Class I and A1 water. In conclusion, Kayalıköy reservoir has water suitable for drinking, agricultural irrigation, and aquaculture and was classified as having oligomesotrophic character.