bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Irish Potato, European Corn Borer Control, 1977
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A.
Published: March 2022

‘Pungo’ Irish potatoes were planted on March 17‘77, in 3-row, 25-ft plots at the Tidewater Research Station in Plymouth, NC. Plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied on Apr 28, May 3, 6, 10, 13, and 17, for a total of 6 applications. Insecticides were applied with a tractor-mounted sprayer operated at 100 psi and delivering 100 gallons of spray per acre. A three-row boom was arranged with 3 hollow-cone nozzles per row. Percent plants infested with European corn borer was determined on May 18. The middle row of the 3-row plots was harvested on Jun 28. Potatoes were field graded into 1 ‘s and 2‘s and yields were taken.
Apple, Insect and Mite Control, 1978
Authors: Forsythe H. Y.
Published: March 2022

Test materials were applied to apple trees at Monmouth (Test 1) and Winthrop, Maine, (Tests 2 and 3) as dilute sprays with a hand gun from a hydraulic sprayer operating at 300 psi and at 250-350 gal/acre. In Test 1, the trees were sprayed on May 31 (petal fall), June 7, 16, 29, July 12, 26, August 8, and 21 (first cover through seventh cover). Each material was applied on all dates. The fungicide program (formulations are rates/100 gal) consisted of Polyram 80W 1 lb and Benlate 50W 2 oz at 11 dates; Solubar .5 lb on May 16; Omite 6EC 4 oz on May 23, 31, and June 6; Epsom salts 15 lb on June 6 and 20; and Amid-Thin 8.4W .25 lb on June 13. In addition, Polyram 80W 2 lb was tank-mixed with each insecticide at each spray. In Tests 2 and 3, trees were sprayed on June 1 (petal fall), 9, 21, July 6, 19, August 2, and 15-16 (first cover through sixth cover). Each material was applied on alldates. The fungiside program (rates/100 gal) consisted of Difolatan 4F 4 qt at half-inch green and Polyram 80W 2 lb at each cover; Polyram was tank-mixed with each treatment. There were 4 to 5 single-tree replications per treatment. A randomized, complete-block design was utilized with 2 Mcintosh and 2 Spartan cultivars per treatment in Test 1; 4 Mcintosh per treatment in Test 2; and 2 Melba, 2 Cortland, and 1 Red Delicious per treatment in Test 3. Except for the test trees, these orchards were unsprayed. On August 29-30, three-fourths box of apples was picked from each tree and generally ca. 430 to 520 apples were examined per treatment on September 5-16 for external egg punctures (apple maggot), egg-laying scars (plum curculio), and typical feeding injuries (codling moth and lesser appleworm). Apple with maggot egg punctures were sliced to determine success of egg hatch and/or of maggot survival (success indicated by a larval penetration of more than 1/4 inch). Aphid and leafhopper counts were based on 10 randomly selected vegetative terminals around each tree. All live aphids found on July 17 and 24 (also August 11 for Test 3) on the distal 4 unfurled and 1 furled leaves and on the stem included by these leaves were recorded. Leafhopper evaluation was based on speckling feeding spots found on August 24-25 on the fifth and seventh leaves. European red mites were counted on July 24-28 and August 7-10 on 25 leaves collected mostly at chest-height around the periphery of each tree. The leaves were brought into the laboratory and brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20-alcohol mixture; mites were counted the same day. No pest population exerted very serious pressure in these tests. July and August were unusually hot and dry.
Apple, Effects Of Methomyl (Lannate-L) on Apple Aphids*, 1980
Authors: David P. J. , Horsburgh R. L. , McCaffrey J. P. , Ponton L. F.
Published: March 2022

Since the eggs of many predatory insects are present when apple aphids normally infest apple trees, and data have already been gathered on the ovicidal effects of Lannate-L on the eggs of some of these beneficials, a test was conducted on Jun 27 to assess the effects of several dosages of Lannate-L on the pest species. Eleven trees located in the historical variety orchard at the research station, Steeles Tavern, Va. were included in the experiment. Each tree received one of the ten treatments or the water control. The treatment rates ((litre (ounce) of Lannate-L/378.5 litre (100 gallons) water)) were: 0.95 (32); 0.83 (28); 0.71 (24); 0.59 (20); 0.47 (16); 0.35 (12); 0.24 (8); 0.18 (6); 0.12 (4); 0.06 (2); water control. Thirty terminals were counted per tree before treatment and the number of infested terminals was recorded (Table I). A terminal was considered infested if aphids were found on greater than 25 percent of the leaf surface area. All treatments were applied at 14.06 kg/cm2 (200 psi) with a hand gun on a truck-mounted Swqnson sprayer equipped with a 132.49 litre/min. (35 gpm) pump. Post treatment counts were taken 48 hours after treatment and recorded as percent infested terminals (Table I).
Control of Tomato Fruitworm on Tomato, 1978
Authors: Stevens Larry M. , Cruz Frank , Bias Tom
Published: March 2022

The test was located at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Inarajan, Guam. Seedlings were transplanted into the field (volcanic ash with a Mariana limestone base) on Dec 15, 1977. Each plot consisted of 3 rows 12 ft long and 5 ft apart. Each row consisted of 7 plants. Plants were grown to 5 ft tall on suspended strings. A randomized complete block design with 3 replications was used. There were 3 treatments plus a control. Treatments were applied starting on Feb 10, 1978, and continued every 4 days until Apr 19. All tomatoes formed prior to Feb 10 were removed so all fruit would be treated. Fruitworm damage was assessed by examining all immature fruit on the plants on Feb 23, Mar 30, and Apr 27, recording damaged vs. undamaged. All ripe fruit were harvested throughout the production of the plant and recorded as damaged or undamaged.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Insect Pests of Tomatoes, 1980
Authors: Waddill Van
Published: March 2022

Plots were direct seeded Jan 8, 1980 in Rockdale soil. Plots were thinned to one plant per foot. Each plot was a single row on 6 ft centers, 15 ft long. Normal cultural practices were followed using black plastic mulch and overhead irrigation. There were 4 replications per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied weekly from Feb 8 to Apr 17 for a total of 11 applications. Due to an insufficient amount of ZR 3210, the following applications were missed: 0.2 lb rate, applications Jul 10; 0.1 lb rate, applications Aug 10; 0.5 lb rate, applications Sep 10. Treatments were applied with a tractor mounted sprayer with 5 nozzles per row, 250 psi, and in 100 gal of water per acre. On Apr 9 the number of tomato pinworm mines per 3 leaves (first 3 fully expanded leaves from the terminal) and the number of vegetable leafminer mines per leaf (third fully expanded leaf from the terminal) were counted on 10 randomly selected plants per plot. Mature green to ripe fruit were harvested Apr 25. The percents tomato pinworm and tomato fruitworm damaged fruit were determined by examining 25 randomly selected fruit per plot. The vegetable leafminer and tomato fruitworm populations were normal, whereas the tomato pinworm population was considerably lower than usual. Duncan’s new multiple range test was used to separate treatment means.
Alfalfa Weevil Larvae Control, Georgia, 1980
Authors: Gardner Wayne A.
Published: March 2022

Tests were conducted on the University of Georgia Beckham Farm in Pike Co. Sprays were applied on May I with ground equipment calibrated to deliver 40 gal per acre at 32 psi. Plots were 20 x 20 ft with 10 ft untreated borders and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Larval densities were estimated at pretreatment and I, 7, and 10 days postapplication by using 5-180° sweep samples per plot.
Armyworm Control in Barley, 1979
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Martin James R.
Published: March 2022

Four insecticides, representing four different classes of compounds, were examined to determine their efficacy in true armyworm control. Insecticides were applied May 17 in barley located at the Bob Pitman Farm near Kilmarnock, Virginia. A randomized block experimental design was employed with four replications. Individual plots were 20 x 36 ft and 0.6 ft apart (0.01 acre). Each spray concentrate was applied to the barley with a CO2 compressed air sprayer at 27 psi that delivered 32 gallons of finished formulation per acre. The efficacy of individual insecticide treatments was determined on May 19 for the presence of live larvae in a 1 ft2 area in 2 locations per plot.
Grain Aphid Control with Foliar Applied Insecticides, 1980
Authors: Sandvol Larry E. , Wheeler Steve , Pocock Richard , Toya Dan
Published: March 2022

Fielder wheat and Steveland barley were planted on May 20 at Aberdeen, Idaho in decio silt loam soil. Plots were sprinkler irrigated. Treatments were applied with CO2 hand sprayer at 40 psi and 20 gal/acre. Nozzles were spaced at 18 in on a 8 ft boom. Treatments were replicated 4 times in 10 x 60 ft plots arranged in a randomized complete block design. Barley and wheat plots were adjacent. Treatments were applied on Aug 1’80. All aphids found on 5 tillers per plot were recorded.
Aphid Control in Small Grain, 1980
Authors: Stoltz Robert L.
Published: March 2022

Three insecticides at varying rates were applied to mixed feed grain in the soft dough stage. Each treatment was replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 10 x 20 ft and each chemical was applied at the rate of 50 gal finished spray per acre. Aphids per 5 stems (includes leaves and head) were counted 1, 8, and 15 days after application on each plot.
Controlling European Corn Borers in Virginia, 1980
Authors: Briggs Stephen P. , McPherson Robert M.
Published: March 2022

Furadan 10G and 15G were each applied in the furrow, after the planter and before the press wheel, at a rate of 1.2 and 1.8 lb ai/a for control of early season European corn borer infestations. In addition, Furadan 15G was applied at 1.8 lb ai/a in a 5-in band over the row immediately after planting and incorporated to a depth of about 1 in. These materials were applied on Apr 22 in ‘Pioneer 3535’ field corn planted on the Harold Delano Farm near Warsaw, Virginia. On Apr 18, foliar sprays of FMC 45806 and Larvin 500 were applied in an area not treated with granular materials at planting. A CO2 powered back-pack sprayer at 30 psi that delivered 26.5 gal of finished formulation per acre was used to apply the foliar sprays. A randomized block experimental design was used with 4 replications in both experimental areas. Individual plots for the granular formulations were 4 x 600 ft while the foliar sprays were applied in 4 plots 4 x 50 ft and all rows were 3 ft apart. In addition, six cooperator trials were examined where Furadan 10G or 15G was applied at 1.2 to 2.25 lb ai/a in the furrow at planting. Fields were randomly chosen in Richmond and Westmoreland Counties and each field represented one replication. Individual treatments were evaluated for plant height, percent stalks infested with European corn borer larvae, percent lodged stalks, and yield in the treated versus untreated plots.
Efficacy Trials with Topical Applications for Stalk Borer Control, 1980
Authors: Gessell Stanley G.
Published: March 2022

Corn was planted with a no-till planter onMay 16 in 30 inch rows. The field located near Belleville, Mifflin County, PA was in corn the previous year and was infested with numerous clumps of orchard grass on which stalk borer eggs were readily found. It was chisel plowed and lightly disced before planting. Treatments were single x 50 ft rows with 3 buffer rows between. A randomized complete block design with 4 replicates was used.
Field Evaluation of Insecticides for the Control of Black Cutworm in Field Corn, 1980
Authors: Grausretn Mark , Reese John
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted on a high organic soil poorly drained field which has had a history of a black cutworm problem for the past ten years. Corn was planted on May 13 in a commercial field located near Selbyville, DE. Plots of 6 x 25 ft were replicated 4 times In a randomized complete block design. The seed treatment was applied as a slurry mixture to a measured amount of seed. Dyfonate 4E was applied as a broadcast pre-planr incorporated treatment. The remainder of the at-planting treatments were applied on May 14. All granular insecticides except Mocap 10G were applied as a 7-in band over the row with a 1 row Gandy applicator. Mocap was applied as a 12-in band over the row. Granular treatments were lightly incorporated using a drag chain. Vydate L was applied as a 8-in band over the row using the wheel barrow type sprayer described below. Pelletized baits were applied to the appropriate plots by hand broadcasting premeasured amounts. Rescue spray treatments were applied on May 30 using a wheel barrow design, CO2-pressurized sprayer with a single flood jet nozzle directing a 15-in spray band over each row delivering 19 gal/acre at 30 psi. Plots were artificially infested with black cutworm larvae (third to sixth instars) at a rate of 10 per 15 ft of row between the middle two rows on May 28. Pretreatment standcounts were taken on 12 ft of row (6-in from each of the middle two rows) on May 28 followed by the artificial infestation of larvae. Standcounts and the number of cut plants per 12 ft of row were recorded on May 30, June 3, June 9, and June 18. No cut plants were observed on June 18 and as a result no significant data was obtained. Corn was harvested from the middle two rows of the plot and yield data was obtained on October 8.
Foliar Sprays to Control Fall Armyworm in Field Corn, 1980
Authors: Hofmaster R. N. , Francis J. A.
Published: March 2022

‘Pioneer 3320’ field corn was planted, 10-in spacing in 3 ft rows, on Jul 31. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of a 25-ft long row with an untreated row adjacent to each treatment plot. Treatments were Initiated on Aug 15 at which time the plants were 2-3 in high. Additional applications were made on Aug 21 & 29 but terminated after that time due to severe lodging which made spraying impossible. Insecticidal performance was determined by counting the number of fall army-worms/10 plants per plot on Sep 6 and also by counting the number of plants/20 with severe whorl injury on this same date. This experiment was designed primarily to check the performance of a number of insecticides under intense fall armyworm stress. Each fall, shortly after Aug 1, fall armyworm infestations become so severe in Tidewater Virginia that it is simply impossible to control them. Often the armyworms get a head start before they are noticed but in this particular case the corn was treated shortly after plant emergence. The first application was made on many newly hatched or emerging 1st instar armyworms.
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1980
Authors: Levine Eli
Published: March 2022

Soil insecticides to control corn rootworm larvae were evaluated at 3 locations in Illinois. Corn was planted in 30 in rows on April 28, May 4, and May 14 at Warren (Stephenson Co., NW), Oregon (Ogle Co., NC), and the South Farm of the University of Illinois (Champaign Co., EC), respectively. Varieties planted were DeKalb 55A at Warren, Pioneer 3780 at Oregon, and B73 x M017 at the South Farm. Each insecticide was applied in a 7-in band over the row 2-6 days after planting with Noble metering units attached to a bicycle-wheeled applicator and in-corporated with a hand rake. Each treatment consisted of ] x 60 ft row. Experiments were arranged in randomized complete block designs with 4 replications/ treatment. Counter at 1.0 lb ai/acre was used on the Warren and Oregon fields in 1979; soil insecticides were not used at the South Farm location in 1979. All fields had very high corn rootworm beetle counts during the preceding summer, and analysis of soil samples indicated that economic populations of eggs existed in all fields prior to planting. Two seed treatments were also evaluated for rootworm control at the South Farm location: Orthene at 0.4% ai and Furadan at 3.0% ai by weight of seed. These seeds were planted at the same time as untreated seeds were planted. Root systems were evaluated for rootworm damage in early July by digging and washing plants from each treatment (5 roots per row x 4 reps) and examining the roots for rootworm feeding damage. The standard Iowa 1-6 damage rating scale (l=little or no damage and 6=3 or more nodes of roots destroyed) was used to measure damage.
Corn (Field), Fall Armyworm Control on Field Corn, 1979
Authors: Roberts James E. , Kondratieff Boris
Published: March 2022

Eight insecticides were compared for effectiveness in control of fall armyworms. Field corn was planted June 22 in Goochland Co., VA. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Four row plots measured 50 x 12 ft in which the two center rows were used for analysis. All insecticides were applied to the whorl as a foliar application. Liquid formulations were applied using a 4-gal hand held sprayer operating at 40 psi and a rate of 20 gal per acre. Granular materials were applied in a 7-in band over the whorl. Treatments were applied July 26 and insect counts made 1 and 3 days post-treatment. Numbers of small (instars 1-3) and large (instars 4-6) larvae per plant were determined on each sampling date. Plants were selected at random and sacrificed to ensure proper counting of larvae. Data was analyzed using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Soil association was Congaree-Chewada. The field had a history of Furadan use.
Field Corn, European Corn Borer Control, 1980
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. , Pless C. D.
Published: March 2022

Fifteen foliar insecticide treatments were tested for first brood European corn borer control. Field corn ‘Pioneer 3147’ was planted on April 23. Plots were 30 ft x 4 rows (40 in spacing) with 4 replicates in a randomized complete block design. Blocks were separated by 5 ft alleys. Corn was thinned to 40 plants/30 row ft. Insecticides were applied on June 17. Granular insecticides were applied with shaker jars. Liquid formulations were sprayed with 2.5 gal compressed air sprayers at 40 gal/acre powered by a portable CO2 tank. Damage ratings were based on percent of whorls damaged and on stalk feeding (average number of tunnels/10 stalks) by corn borers.
Control of Heliothis Species and Boll Weevils in Cotton, 1980
Authors: Burris Gene , Clower D.F. , Rogers R. L.
Published: March 2022

Plots were 8 x 95 ft and were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design with 25 ft alleys. Nemacur 1.5 lb ai/acre was applied “in furrow” to control nematodes and thrips. Insecticide treatments were applied using a John Deere 6000 high clearance sprayer equipped with an auxiliary compressed air system with 2 X-3 hollow cone spray tips per row delivering 2.5 GPA of total solution. Applications were made on July 15, 21, 26, 31 and August 6, 11, 16, and 22. Twenty five squares/plot/replicate were examined from the center rows within 48 hr after treatment. Cotton was machine harvested from two rows and weights were converted to lb seed cotton per acre.
Cotton Bollworm: Adult Mortality with Sevinmol 4, 1980
Authors: Gould Paul M. , Young Jerry H. , Price Richard G.
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this test was to establish the minimum rate of Sevinmol 4 which will give a consistent mortality rate among both male and female adults. Laboratory testing with male and female Heliothiszea (Boddie) adults, reared in laboratory conditions, were conducted In May. A randomized complete block design was used with ten replications. Four concentrations of Sevinmol 4 were mixeXJ with a carrier consisting of 80% water - 20% molasses. The adults were tested within 12 hr after emergence from the pupal stage. No supplemental feeding was given. Each replication contained three adults per treatment. Male and female adults were tested separately in the same time period. Mortality rates were recorded every.2hr fori 2 hr. A final mortality counts was recorded at 24 hr.
Cotton, Tarnished Plant Bug Control, 1980
Authors: Muehleisen D.P. , Gaylor M. J.
Published: March 2022

Stoneville 213 cotton was planted on Apr 18 at the Tennessee Valley Substation of Auburn University at Belle Mina, AL. Each plot was ca 1 acre and arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Test chemicals were applied to all plots with a high clearance sprayer on Jul 15 at a rate of ca 10 gpa and 40 psi with 3 nozzles/row. Data were collected by the “beat sheet” method. The 1st post-treatment sample consisted of 6 row ft at 2 locations per plot. All samples were taken in the center of each plot. Insects were field identified and verified in this laboratory.
Chemical Control of Thrips on Cotton, 1980
Authors: Price Richard G. , Young Jerry H. , Gould Paul , Ree Bill
Published: March 2022

Two tests were conducted at the South Central Research Station, Chickasha, Oklahoma. In test 1, Pioneer Brand 4789A was planted on May 12 at 20 lb per acre in a McLain silty loam soil which had been treated with 0.75 lb of Treflan on March 20. Cotton plants in the 3 to 4 leaf stage were side dressed with granular materials on June 6 using a Dempster fertilizer attachment. Granules applied with a Noble granular chemical applicator were deposited 3 in into the soil and approximately 3 to 6 in from the plants. In test 2, Westburn M was planted on June 10 at 20 lb per acre in a Turtle silt loam soil. No herbicide applications were made prior to planting. Immediately after planting, rows were side dressed using the equipment and procedures previously mentioned. Eight-row plots, 150 ft replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design were used in both tests. Thrips populations were determined by taking 10 plants from each plot and placing them in a berelese funnel for 3 hr. Rainfall amounts just prior and during the test were as follows: June 8, 0.15 in; June 9, 0.2 in; June 20, 1.2 in; and June 22, 0.68 in.
Field Evaluation of Foliar Insecticides for Postflowering Mung Bean Insects, Pangasinan, Philippines 1979-80
Authors: Litsinger J. A. , dela Cruz C.G. , Paragna F.
Published: March 2022

Three trials on farmers’ mung bean fields planted on Dec 11 in the village of Pao, Manaoag municipality, Pangasinan province evaluated 16 foliar insecticides against post-flowering mung bean insects, predominantly Heliothis. Each insecticide was applied 25 and 35 days after crop emergence (Test 1 and 2) at 700 l/ha spray volume to 4 replicated plots (50 m2) by a manually operated, 19-1 knapsack sprayer with a fan jet nozzle in randomized complete block design. All plots, including the check received preflowering insecticide - 0.5 kg ai Azodrin/ha on 2 and 12 days after crop emergence (DE). Decis at 0.03 kg ai/ha was included in each trial as the standard check. Plastic sheeting (1-m wide) was held between plots to prevent spray drift. Mung bean (300,000 plants/Via) was broadcast sown and harrowed into tilled seedbeds (plowed and harrowed by draft animal power) on fields previously planted to puddled rice during the monsoon season. Fields were irrigated once to ensure even germination. Rainfall was 6 mm, RH averaged 79%, and the mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures were 32°C and 18°C, respectively for the 25-60 DE crop interval.
Orthene with Nalco-Trol 1 for Control of Grasshoppers on Rangeland, 1979
Authors: Foster R.N. , Reuter C. K. , Henderson J.A.
Published: March 2022

The Orthene 75S water-soluble powder formulation of acephate was applied with and without the addition of Nalcotrol 1 (a viscoelastic antidrift additive used at 9 fluid oz/100 gallons of mix) at the rate of 0.094 lb ai/acre to 350 acre plots of mixed grasses approximately 25 miles northeast of Vernal, Utah on July 28 and 29. Both treatments were applied in water at one quart of fluid/acre at 40 psi with a Piper Brave, PA 36-350 PC turbo charged airfract using (18) 8002 nozzles rotated 30° aft. Application speed was 120 mph at a height of 50-300 ft because of surrounding mountainous terrain. The swath width was 60 ft. Pre and post application densities of grasshoppers were ascertained by counting grasshoppers in (40) 0.1m2 rings at 10 randomly selected locations within each treatment. At each site rings were separated from each other by at least 5 yards. Pre treatment counts were taken 24 hr prior to treatment and post treatment counts were conducted 4 and 10 days following application. Rings were left in place throughout the test. The above species were in the 4th instar through adult stages of development and comprised 95% of the grasshopper population: Camnulapellucida (Scudder) 75%, Melanoplussanguinipes (Fab.) 8.7% and M. bivittatus (say) 11.5%. Precount densities ranged from 15.00 to 93.75 grasshoppers/m2 and averaged 47.25 grasshoppers/m2 in the orthene plus Nalcotrol plot. The orthene only plot exhibited densities which ranged from 7.25 to 45.25 grasshoppers/m2 and averaged 19.53/m2. Data were recorded as % mortality and the arc sine transformation was used to analyze the effectiveness of the treatments by using at test of significance for treatment mortalities at each post count time Interval. Forty sweeps were taken at each density sample location to determine species frequency.
Field Evaluation of Insecticides Applied as Foliar Sprays for Brown Planthopper Control, IRRI, 1979
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Valencia S. L.
Published: March 2022

To insure adequate brown planthopper populations a resurgence inducing insecticide at 12.5 g ai/ha was applied to all plots at 20, 34, and 48 days after transplanting (DAT). Insecticides were applied at the rate of 0.75 kg ai/Tia In a spray volume of 300 1/ha at 83 DAT. Effectiveness of the insecticides was based on the % reduction in brown planthopper after spraying. Three coded compound.
Residual Control of Greenbugs by Insecticides on Grain Sorghum: Greenhouse Tests, 1977-78
Authors: Staples R. , Kindler S. D.
Published: March 2022

Tests were run in successive years, test 1 in January and February, test 2 in April and May. In both tests, sorghum plants in the 2-3 leaf stage were completely immersed in emulsions of 5 insecticides at wt/wt concentrations of 1:800, 1:1600, 1:3200, and 1:6400 in water. Two weeks after immersion and weekly thereafter, 3 plants from each treatment in test 1, and 5 plants from each treatment in test 2 were individually infested with 20 greenbugs deposited into the whorls. Equal numbers of untreated plants of the same age were similarly infested in both tests. Greenbugs were obtained from the same culture. Aphids were counted 5-10 days after each date of infestation. Anytime the probability of a larger value of t was 0.4 or more between the mean number of greenbugs for any treatment and that for the untreated check, the residual activity period for that treatment was considered to be completed.
Control of Greenbugs with Insecticides, 1978
Authors: Staples R. , Kindler S. D.
Published: March 2022

The treatments were replicated 3 times in a complete randomized block design. The plots were 5 rows x 20 ft. To increase the probability of reinfestation following treatment, the tests were conducted in large fields of sorghum and each plot was separated from any adjacent plot by 10 ft of aphid-infested plants. In the 1st test planted wihS the susceptible hybrid NC+ 175, sprays were applied July 16 at preboot stage with a plot sprayer with a boom bearing 1 top nozzle and 2 drop nozzles/row at 35 psi and 40 gal/acre. In the 2nd test planted with the susceptible hybrid RS 671, insecticides were applied July 13 at preboot stage: foliar sprays were applied with compressed air hand sprayers at 30 psi and 100 gal/acre, granular sidedress applications were made with a modified belt seeder, and granular broadcast applications were made with a Whirlibird spreader. Greenbug numbers were counted directly 3 days after treatment and determined volumetrically 21 days after treatment on 15 plants in the outer rows of each plot.
Soybean Looper Control on Soybeans, 1979
Authors: Rohlfs W. Mitchell , Bass Max H.
Published: March 2022

A total of 21 treatments replicated 4 times were applied in 3 separate tests that were initiated on September 4, 7, and 10 on private land near Selma, AL. Plots were 4 rows x 37 ft (0.01 acre) and were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with a CO2 sprayer, 3 nozzles per row, delivering 15 gal of mixed spray per acre. Post-treatment population counts were taken 3 days after spraying as follows: a 3-ft drop cloth was placed between 2 rows, bean plants on one row were shaken over the cloth, and the number of loopers falling on the cloth was recorded. This was done twice in each plot.
Control of Tobacco Flea Beetles on Burley Tobacco, 1980
Authors: Pless C. D. , Shamiyeh N. B.
Published: March 2022

Fourteen foliar insecticides were evaluated at the Tobacco Experiment Station, Greenville. Burley tobacco ‘Va 509’ was transplanted on May 23. Plots were 20 ft x 3 rows spaced 40 inches apart; plants were spaced 18 in apart. Four randomized complete blocks were separated from each other by 5 ft alleys. Five insecticide applications were made on a 14-day schedule, beginning June 3. Sprays were applied with 2.5 gal compressed air sprayers at 30 gal/acre. Portable CO2 tanks supplied a constant sprayer tank pressure of 30 psi. Live flea beetle counts were based on average number/10 plants. Flea beetle damage was evaluated as average number of feeding holes/10 leaves; counts were made on the fifth leaf (of width greater than 2 in) from the top of the plant.
Black Cutworm Control on Tobacco, 1980
Authors: Southern P. S.
Published: March 2022

An on-farm test was conducted in Yadkin County, North Carolina, to assess the effectiveness of insecticides against the black cutworm. Cutworm activity had been observed before transplant, and treatments were made two days after transplanting. The field had previously been treated with Telone C-17. Treatments were applied between 4:00 and 7:00 p.m. in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Plots were 0.03 acre (90 ft x 4 rows) separated at the ends by a six ft untreated zone. Sprayable treatments were applied using a backpack sprayer equipped with three Delavan CE-2 nozzles. Fourty-eight gal of spray per acre were applied at 50 psi. Baits were applied by hand in a band ca 12 in wide over the top of the row. DIpel and Proxol baits were made by mixing the products with coarse-ground cornmeal. Prior to treatment, stand counts were made and all severed plant parts removed. After five nights of cutworm activity (ca 112 hr) a second stand oount was made and the number of plants with cut stalks or cut leaves (determined by the presence of severed plant parts) recorded. Plants with either cut stalks or cut leaves were recorded as injured. All variables were converted to a percentage of the original stand count for preservation and further subjected to an arcsine transformation for analysis. A two-way analysis of variance was performed and treatments compared using Fisher’s Protected LSD Procedure.
Western Spruce Budworm Aerial Field Tests, 1980
Authors: Markin George P. , Johnson David R.
Published: March 2022

Two insecticides Bolstar 6EC (Sulprofos) and Imidan IE (Phosmet) were each applied at three dosage rates to 4th and 5th instar spruce budworm larvae in central Idaho, Jun 22-27, 1980. Both materials, except the 1.5 lb Imidan which was applied undiluted were mixed with water, with 0.1% rhodamine dye added as a marking agent. The chemicals were applied by helicopter at 45 mph and 50 ft above rreetops to 40-acre plots. Volume of spray applied was 1.5 gal/acre for imidan and 1.0 gal/acre for Bolstar. Five plots were treated at each dosage rate, with five additional plots for each chemical left as untreated checks. Populations were expressed as mean number of larvae/100 buds and sampled at mid-crown of 15 trees in each plot. Defoliation was assessed from the same sample trees at the 20-day post-treatment sampling period when 5 to 10 percent pupation had occurred. Test results may have been affected to an unknown degree by cool, rainy weather that prevailed for the duration of the test. Rain fell on all plots between 5 and 48 hours after treatment. Total rainfall during the 5 days of spraying was 0.74 inch.
Honeylocust, Mimosa Webworm Control, 1980
Authors: Lewis Donald R. , North Robert C.
Published: March 2022

Mimosa webworm control was evaluated using 3 labeled insecticides available to homeowners. A randomized block design with 3 replicates was used. Foliar spray treatments were applied to point of runoff Aug 19 to 22 on 10-20 foot tall honeylocust trees on the ISU campus. Applications were made in early morning using B & G 1.5 gallon hand sprayers. The top quarter of the tallest trees was sprayed but not thoroughly covered; shorter trees received full coverage. Observations for insect activity and tree growth were made periodically prior to evaluation for percent defoliation on Sept 18.
Control of Eastern Tent Caterpillar on Wild Plum, 1980
Authors: Pinkston Ken , Price Richard , Young Jerry
Published: March 2022

Eastern tent caterpillar control was evaluated on wildplum. Wild plums 3 to 6 feet high located along a roadside outside of Stillwater, Oklahoma were utilized in randomized and replicated (3X) experiments. All treatments were applied to the foliage and webbing with a two gallon B & G stainless steel sprayer at 30 psi. Plants were separated by a sufficient distance to avoid spray drift. Temperature and wind velocity at the time of treatment were 69°F/ 5-8 mph and 81°F, 5-10 mph respectively for Test 1 (May 5) and 2 (May 6). The plants were infested with 50 to 300 larvae per web. Percent mortality was determined by counting live and dead larvae in all webs on each plant.
Rose, Japanese Beetle Control, 1980
Authors: Schultz P. B. , Parnell L. A.
Published: March 2022

Ten insecticides were applied to roses to test their effectiveness against Japanese beetles. Plants were sprayed until runoff on July 14 using a 1-gallon B & G compressed air sprayer operated at 30 psi. Temperature at the time of treatment was 88°F. After plants were dry, foliage bouquets were cut and placed in 250 ml flasks which in turn were placed inside 1-gallon wide-mouthed jars with screened lids. The jars were placed inside a walk-in environmental chamber, held at approximately 80°F. Japanese beetles were field collected and 10 placed in each of 3 replicates per treatment plus an untreated control. After 24 hours the number of live beetles was recorded.
Japanese Beetle Grub Control, South Windsor, 1980
Authors: Moore R.E.B.
Published: March 2022

Two formulations of Amaze and one of chlordane were evaluated for efficacy in controlling Japanese beetle grubs In a nursery. Chlordane is currently being used by Connecticut nurserymen for controlling JB grubs and a suitable alternative for this chemical is being sought. The test area consisted of 4 year old yews growing in a fine sandy loam (pH 5.6). The ground was covered with a mixture of annual and perennial grasses plus various broadleafed weeds. The test plots were 5 by 10 ft and contained 3 Taxus plants per plot. Each treatment was replicated 4 times and the test was organized in a randomized complete block design. A pretreatment grub count taken on Sep 10 showed a population of 17.4, 2nd and 3rd stage larvae per sq ft. Twenty 0.23 sq ft cores were randomly selected in the test site for this pretreatment census. During the prespray count no larvae were observed damaging Taxus roots. Most grubs were near the root zone of the ground cover plants. On Sep 15, Amaze and chlordane were applied to the test plots; the granules with a shaker jar and the 2 liquids were mixed with one gal of water for each plot and applied with a watering can. Rainfall for the test period was 1.76 in on Sep 17 and 18, and 0.23 in on Sep 26. Post treatment counts on Sep 29 and 30 were made by counting the grubs collected from 5, 0.23 sq ft core samples taken from each plot. During the test period there was considerable bird activity at the test site. A count of feeding holes on the soil surface was five per sq ft.
Spring Applications of Granular Insecticides for Control of White Grubs in Turf, 1972
Authors: Kindler S. D.
Published: March 2022

Granular applications were made on May 9 and 10 with a 2-feet wide Scotts No. 75 applicator on 10 feet by 12 feet plots on a bluegrass golf course at Hastings, NE. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Rainfall and irrigation following treatment provided ample soil moisture and should have washed the insecticides into the soil. One June 7-11, immediately before pupation, six 7 x 7 inch sod samples, 5 inch thick, were removed from each plot to determine white grub and earthworm densities.
Insecticides for Cat Flea Larvae Control, 1980
Authors: Rust Michael K. , Reierson Donald A. , Silverman Jules
Published: March 2022

The performance of residual deposits of insecticides applied to carpet was evaluated against 2nd to 3rd instar cat flea larvae. Larvae were obtained from eggs from adult fleas maintained on caged domestic cats. Larvae were provided rearing medium consisting of pulverized dog chow, dried beef blood and brewer’s yeast (20:3:2 by wt). When 7 days old, larvae were aspirated from a thin layer of their media scattered in a porcelain pan. A very common short shag carpet 5/8-inch deep was treated. The carpet had 196 double mulfifiber strands of 100% nylon/sq inch. Discs of carpet (3.5 in diam) were treated with the liquid insecticides sprayed from a custom-made paint gun sprayer equipped with a fine-fan nozzle. The Spray was delivered at 20 psi. Replicated series of discs were sprayed to provide 23.7 mg ai/sq ft when 0.5% concentration was used. Higher and lower concentrations provided proportionately more or less active ingredient. A predetermined amount of aerosol was applied from ca 6-8 in to provide comparable rates of active ingredient with insecticides applied with the sprayer. Sprays of Ficam W and Knox Out were also applied at 20 psi from a 1-gal B&G compression sprayer equipped with a Spraying Systems Multeejet no. 800067 fine-fan nozzle. Sprays were applied at 1-gal/800 sq ft. Three plugs (0.8-in diam) cut from treated and untreated carpet were placed at the bottom of individual 0.8-inch diam x 3-inch glass shell vials. Larval medium (ca 0.1 cc) was tapped to the base of each plug. Ten larvae placed on each plug were maintained for at least 5 days in a desiccator chamber at 80°F, 75% RH. After exposure, each replicate was examined for adults, pupae and larvae. About 95% of larvae in the untreated series could be accounted for, mortality ranging from 0 to 10%. Larval mortality on treated carpet was corrected with Abbott’s formula.
Guinea Pig-

Amblyomma Americanum

Animal Systemic Insecticide Test, 1980
Authors: Hunt L. M.
Published: March 2022

The procedure is as follows: Hair on guinea pigs is clipped around the midsection. Then 2 capsule cages containing 12 starved nymphal lone star ticks are attached with contact cement and tape to each animal. Those guinea pigs receiving the candidate compounds are treated 24 h later. An untreated pig serves as the control and provides data for Abbott’s formula. Doses of the active ingredient depend on guinea pig weight, compound structure, LDjrj, and other considerations though the maximum is 30 mg/kg. This amount is formulated in diethyl succinate and administered subcutaneously on 3 alternate days in a volume of<500 ul/injection. About 4-6 days after the 1st treatment, dead ticks in the cages are detached and counted, and/or replete ticks are removed from the capsules and held to observe mortality and nymphal molt. Effectiveness is determined by the percentage of ticks that fail to ecdyse (including dead nymphs that detach without engorging).
The Effect of Bay Sir 8514 on Face Fly Egg Hatch and Larval Mortality, 1980
Authors: Herald Freddie , Knapp F. W.
Published: March 2022

Four- to 8-hour old face flies were separated by sex and placed into 4-liter, glass jars that had been coated with selected residues of technical grade Bay Sir 8514. Concen. of 0.025, 0.05, and 0.075 mg/cm2 surface treatments were compared and flies were exposed to the treatment for 1, 3, or 6 hours. Following the appropriate exposure time, the flies were anesthetized with CO2 and removed from the treated jars. Males and females were then combined and placed in untreated jars as follows: 20 treated females x 10 treated males; 20 treated females x 10 untreated males and 20 untreated females x 10 treated males. The same ratio of untreated females and males served as controls. Each combination of flies was replicated 4 times. Food and water were provided as needed and 50 eggs were collected from each replication at 7, 14, and 21 day post exposure. Twenty-five eggs were held for 24 hours to determine egg hatch and 25 eggs were placed in fresh cattle feces to determine larval mortality.
Control of Psoroptes Cuniculi (DELAFOND) Mites on Rabbits, 1975-77
Authors: Fisher W. F. , Wilson G. I.
Published: March 2022

Rabbits infested with Psoroptes cuniculi (Delafond) were treated during 1975-77 in Albuquerque, NM. Suspensions or solutions containing 0.025-1.2% Al were prepared in distilled water and administered as ear washed (20-100 ml/ rabbit) to rabbits with various degrees of infestation. The suspensions or solutions were held in the ear, with gentle massage, for ca 1 min. In some cases, some scabs were removed before treatment, either to check the status of the population or to collect mites- One rabbit was used for each concentration of the material tested. Control rabbits, either treated with distilled water or left untreated, were included in the test when an ample number of infested rabbits was available. A second application was made on 2 of the treated rabbits, 1 at 9 days and 1 at 10 days after the first treatment.
Swine, Hog Louse Control with Ectiban, 1979
Authors: Roberts James E. , Kondratieff Boris
Published: March 2022

Two formulations of Ectiban were applied on July 1’79 to two groups of animals in a confinement barn. Each treatment consisted of 4 animals. Group I was treated manually with Ectiban 0.25% Livestock Dust or at a rate of 1 oz per animal. Group II was treated with Ectiban 5.7% Emulsifiable Concentrate with an end concentration of 0.025% at a rate of 1 pt per animal with a pressurized sprayer. Group III was untreated and served as the control. Treatments were applied particularly on the face, ears, neck, dorsal mid-line and approximately the dorsal half of the side. Evaluation was done by counting adult and immature lice and observing eggs.
Apple, Pyrethroid Test, 1980
Authors: Hull Larry A. , Kanour William W. , Starner Van R.
Published: March 2022

Various pyrethroid insecticide schedules were evaluated for their influence on the mite predator, Stethoruspunctum. Sprays were applied to 2-tree plots in a randomized block design with each plot consisting of a Golden Delicious and a Delicious tree. Each treatment was replicated 3 times. Treatments were applied with a Friend Airmaster 393 sprayer at 25 gpa/alternate side spray driven at 2 mph. Materials are listed as the amounts/acre/alternate side. Spray dates were as follows: Jul II, 21 and 31; Aug II and 21. Fungicides applied during the season were: sulfur, captan and zineb. Effectiveness of the test chemicals on the European red mite and A.fallacis was evaluated by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 15 leaves/tree, 90 leaves/treatment. The effect of sprays on the predator S.punctum was evaluated by 3-minute counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of the test trees.
Apple, Spotted Tentiform Leafminer Control, 1980
Authors: Mahr D. L.
Published: March 2022

The test was conducted in a 40-year-old-plus orchard of full-sized, standard trees near Baraboo, Wl. A full fungicide program consisting of Polyram, Captan, and Benlate was maintained throughout the season. Single tree treatments were replicated 4 times in a completely randomized design. Materials were applied with a handgun to drip. All materials except Larvin and Vydate were applied 7 times on May 23, Jun 4, Jun 12, Jun 24, Jul 10, Jul 29, and Aug 14. Larvin was applied on the last 6 dates. Vydate was applied according to label recommendations: at 30 days after bloom (Jun 12) and 30 days later (Jul 10). Evaluation was made at the end of the season (Sep II). Mines were counted on the apical 10-15 leaves of 10 terminals or fuit spurs taken at chest height uniformly around perimeter of tree. The spotted tentiform leafminer population was not high in this orchard in 1980, but the untreated checks had significantly more mines than all insecticide treatments.
Pear, Codling Moth Control, 1980
Authors: Fye R. E.
Published: March 2022

A block of mature Bartlett pears (8x11 trees) was sprayed with 2 oz Al/a of diflubenzuron on Apr 25, May 16, Jun 5 and 27. An adjacent block (3 x II trees) served as an untreated check. The sprays were applied with a hand gun at 450-500 psi until the trees dripped. One hundred fruit were inspected weekly in each of the sprayed and unsprayed plots. Mt. St. Helens erupted 2 days after the 2d application and ca. I in. of ash was deposited on the orchard. Cool weather prevailed until early August and was followed by 2-3 weeks of hot weather.
Control of Mcdaniel Spider on Cherry, 1980
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O.
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted in a 16 year old Bing cherry orchard. Multiple applications of Mesurol had been applied the previous year and preceding tests on this year. As a result, high spider mite populations were present at the beginning of the test while predatory mite numbers were low. Plots consisted of 4 single tree replicates arranged in a completely random design. Plots were sprayed to the point of drip with a hand gun at 400-500 psi. Leaf samples consisting of 25 leaves per tree (100 leaves/plot) were collected weekly. Leaves were brushed with a mite brushing machine in the laboratory onto a glass plate. Mites present on the plate were counted with a microscope, converted to mites per leaf and recorded.
Control of Peach Silver Mite, 1980
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O.
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted in a 6 year old Early Elberta peach orchard at the WSU Tree Fruit Research Center, Wenatchee. Moderate and low populations of the peach silver and predatory mite were present prior to spray applications. Plots consisted of 4 single tree replicates in a completely random design. Plots were sprayed with a hand gun to the point of drip at 400-500 psi. Weekly samples consisted of 25 leaves/tree (100 leaves/plot). Leaves were brushed in a mite brushing machine in the laboratory onto a glass plate. The number of mites were counted with aide of a microscope, the number converted to mites per leaf and recorded.
Effects of Insecticides on Peach Twig Borer, 1980
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O.
Published: March 2022

Test plots were located at Columbia View and Smith Tract orchards of the Tree Fruit Research Center, Wenatchee. The plot at Columbia View consisted of Elberta and Hale varieties. The Smith Tract plot consisted of a mixture of several early and late maturing varieties. Plots were arranged in a completely random design with 4 single tree replicates per plot. Plots were sprayed to the point of drip with hand guns at 400-500 psi. Pretreatment counts were made by examining each tree and recording the number of infested twigs. Post-treatment counts were conducted in the same manner.
Citrus Rust Mite Control in Texas, 1980
Authors: French J. Victor
Published: March 2022

Experimental acaricides were compared to VendexR in a randomized block design on 20-year-old grapefruit trees planted on a 30 x 25 ft spacing. MitacR was tested in combination with 1% citrus spray oil (OrchexR 796). Each treatment was replicated 4 times in single tree plots with a handgun of a John Bean MTET Sprayer at 250 psi, ca. 15 gal /tree. Treatments were applied on Jun 24, with rust mite counts at ca. 2-week intervals until acaricides lost residual effectiveness. One hundred fruit (25/tree) were randomly selected in each treatment and rust mite counted in a l-cm2 lens field at lOx on the top, medium and bottom of each fruit.