Az online platformok diskurzusának moderációja és biztonsági aggályai
Authors: Pintér Melinda 
Published: July 2022

Összefoglalás. A tanulmány arra a kérdésre keresi a választ, hogy
milyen biztonsági aggályokat jelent az, hogy az online platformok diskurzusát
egyre nagyobb mértékben mesterséges intelligencia (MI) ellenőrzi. A kérdés
megválaszolásához röviden bemutatja a téma szakirodalmának és a releváns
empirikus kutatások eredményeit, valamint a legfontosabb értelmezési kereteket
és fogalmakat. Megállapítja, hogy az online diskurzusok MI általi moderálásának
vonatkozásában meghatározhatók egyrészt belülről kifelé, másrészt pedig kívülről
befelé irányuló biztonsági aggályok és fenyegetések. A belülről kifelé irányuló
fenyegetések az MI gyakorlati működése, így pedig a diskurzust befolyásoló
szerepe okán jelentkeznek, a kívülről befelé irányuló fenyegetések pedig az MI
mögött álló emberek döntéseiből adódnak.

Summary. The premise of this study is that online platforms and
other public spaces in cyberspace can provide a framework for citizens to
discuss issues affecting society as a whole or wider groups in society,
contributing to the strengthening of democratic processes. The study seeks to
answer the question of what security concerns are posed by the fact that the
discourse of online platforms is increasingly moderated by artificial
intelligence. To answer this question, the study briefly presents the results of
the Hungarian and international literature on the topic and relevant empirical
research, as well as reviews the theoretical, conceptual and interpretive
frameworks whose presentation and conceptualization of relevant concepts are
essential for processing the topic. It introduces the concepts of online
platform, online discourse and moderation, and demonstrates applications of
artificial intelligence in content moderation, with particular reference to
related security concerns and their interpretation. The study then reviews the
aspects related to the moderation of the discourse on online platforms by
artificial intelligence that may also broaden the horizons of the security
interpretation of the issue. The study finds that in connection with the
moderation of online discourses by artificial intelligence, threats can be
identified in two directions: in the form of “inside out” and in the form of
“outside in” security concerns and threats. In the first case, the “inside out”
threats are factors which arise from the practical operation of artificial
intelligence and thus from its role in influencing discourse. In such way these
“inside out” threats can also endanger the world beyond the discourses on online
platforms, such as society, politics or even the economy. In the second case,
the risks associated with the operation of artificial intelligence in terms of
“outside-in” threats are not due to the built-in flaw of the algorithm, i.e. the
uniqueness of its operation. In this case, the threats come from the decisions
of the owners, developers, managers of artificial intelligence, the people
behind artificial intelligence. The study concludes that in the moderation of
discourse in artificial intelligence-based decision-making systems, such as
online platforms, it is not enough to base accountability on platform conscience
and self-restraint. It is absolutely necessary to subject platforms that use
artificial intelligence in content moderation to a higher level of external and
objective control, and in this connection to create a legal interpretation
framework that defines the main guidelines for discourses moderated by
artificial intelligence on online platforms and also enforces these
guidelines.