bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testimonial Trustworthiness
Authors: Siebert Matthew Kent ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2018

Believing someone is, as Elizabeth Anscombe said, “trusting him for the truth.” Recent accounts of how we trust speakers for the truth have given a central role to speaker trustworthiness but have said little about what speaker trustworthiness is. I argue that it is best to think of speaker trustworthiness as the virtue of truthfulness. I give an account of truthfulness, show how that account solves problems for other accounts of speaker trustworthiness, and then use my account to explain the epistemic benefits of trusting a truthful speaker.
Doing without Nature
Authors: Vogel Steven ,   International Association for Environmental Philosophy
Published: March 2018

Sorry that he is no longer here to read it, I consider in this paper Scott Cameron’s discussion of my views questioning the value of the concept of “nature” for environmental philosophy. Scott had suggested, based on arguments from hermeneutics, that although we never have access to a nature independent of our interpretations of it, still the existence of such a nature is necessarily presupposed by all such interpretations. I claim in response that if we replace the (idealist) notion of interpretation by the (materialist) one of practice, that presupposition is no longer necessary: the independence required is built into the notion of practice itself, and need not be seen as a characteristic of the world “outside” of us.
Effects of Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Cortical Network Integrity in Medication-Free Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Preliminary Multimodal Neuroimaging Trial
Authors: Weber Wade A. , Tallman Max J. , Blom Thomas J. , Schurdak Jennifer D. , Patino L. Rodrigo , McNamara Robert K.
Published: March 2018

Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit blood docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) deficits and cortical network pathology. This neuroimaging study investigated the effects of DHA supplementation on cortical attention network integrity in medication-free children with ADHD. Children (mean age 9.6 years, n=30) with ADHD were randomized to DHA (1,200 mg/d) or placebo for 10 weeks. Blood DHA levels and ADHD symptom severity ratings were obtained from all participants (n=30). Cortical network integrity was evaluated in a subset of patients (n=20) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Erythrocyte DHA levels increased significantly in patients receiving DHA (+60%, p≤0.0001) but not placebo (-4%, p=0.77). There were no group differences in baseline-endpoint change in ADHD symptom severity scores, sustained attention performance, or voxelwise cortical activation patterns during performance of a sustained attention task. In the region-of-interest (ROI) analysis, patients treated with DHA but not placebo exhibited significant endpoint reductions in left amygdala activation. At study endpoint, but not at baseline, DHA-treated patients exhibited significantly greater event-related functional connectivity between the pregenual and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex and regions within the cortical attention network including the inferior parietal lobe and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex compared with placebo. Trends with large effect sizes for reductions in medial and radial diffusivity in the left corpus callosum were observed in DHA-treated patients. These preliminary findings suggest that DHA supplementation may be associated with subtle changes in cortical attention networks of medication-free children with ADHD which warrant additional investigation in a larger patient sample.
La construction des attitudes envers les Roms : le cas français
Authors: Gagnon Audrey
Published: March 2018

Quarante pour-cent des Européens refusent d’avoir des Roms comme voisins, alors que 80 % de ceux-ci n’entretiennent pas de contact direct avec eux. Cette étude observe les mécanismes de construction des attitudes envers les Roms. Elle analyse la production de ces attitudes au sein de deux milieux similaires, mais où les politiques d’intégration locales envers les Roms divergent, résultant en des conditions des contacts intergroupes différentes. Cette analyse part des postulats théoriques selon lesquels l’intégration des migrants est un enjeu d’action publique locale et que des interactions sociales de qualité structurent les attitudes des uns par rapport aux autres. À partir d’entrevues semi-dirigées réalisées dans les communes françaises de La Courneuve et d’Ivry-sur-Seine, quatre théories sont testées : la théorie du contact, l’effet halo, l’effet des politiques municipales et l’influence des médias. Il en ressort que la mise en oeuvre de politiques municipales en faveur de l’intégration des Roms permet d’améliorer leurs conditions de vie et ainsi de déconstruire des préjugés imputables à leur situation de précarité. Par ailleurs, l’analyse illustre la manière dont les médias activent, entretiennent ou consolident la façon de percevoir les Roms.
Au-delà d’une fenêtre d’opportunité ? Expliquer le (re)cadrage des actions collectives de la diaspora tamoule depuis 2009
Authors: Labelle Alexie
Published: March 2018

Nous observons, depuis la fin officielle du conflit sri lankais en 2009, un recadrage des actions collectives de la diaspora tamoule, caractérisé par un discours de reconnaissance du génocide. Ce dernier marque une rupture importante avec le discours d’indépendance des Tigres de libération de l’Eelam tamoul (LTTE), prédominant pendant le conflit. L’objectif de cet article est d’expliquer ce recadrage en mobilisant la littérature sur les mouvements sociaux et l’action collective, particulièrement les concepts de fenêtre d’opportunité et de structures mobilisatrices. À l’aide d’une analyse de cadrage qualitative, nous avons retracé, sur la plateforme Tamilnet.com, le discours de cinq acteurs collectifs diasporiques tamouls de 2000 à 2015. Nous soutenons ainsi que la fenêtre d’opportunité demeure à elle seule insuffisante pour expliquer le recadrage. En revanche, nous démontrons que ce changement s’explique plutôt par l’émergence de nouveaux acteurs collectifs, eux-mêmes porteurs d’un nouveau discours.
Dette et colonisation. Analyse de quelques dispositifs de capture du travail indigène dans la traite des fourrures – XVIIe-XIXe siècles
Authors: Giroux Dalie
Published: March 2018

À partir d’une analyse de l’historiographie de la traite des fourrures dans le subarctique canadien, cet article propose d’isoler et de caractériser le système d’articulation qui a permis dans le cadre du développement initial (XVIIe-XIXe siècles) de cette industrie d’arrimer l’économie indigène et l’économie européenne. L’article propose de définir ce système d’articulation par quatre dispositifs qui en seraient constitutifs : leMB standardoumade beaver, le crédit, les offrandes et les marchandises européennes. Offrant une description systématique du fonctionnement de ces dispositifs et une analyse de leur interaction, il s’agit à la fois de montrer que les interprétations indigène et européenne de ces dispositifs sont foncièrement différentes et ont fonctionné sur la base d’une « inter-mécompréhension » ; de fournir une illustration du caractère décisif du système de crédit utilisé par les compagnies européennes de traite dans l’établissement de relations de « loyauté » avec les travailleurs indigènes ; et de suggérer que ce système d’articulation avec en son centre le dispositif du crédit a été la pierre d’assise de la prolétarisation et de la dépossession territoriale des indigènes impliqués dans cette industrie coloniale, et ainsi un des processus importants par lesquels a été créé l’espace colonial à partir duquel s’est constitué le Canada contemporain.
La corégulation d’Internet (ou comment répondre à la plurinormativité par l’internormativité) — Une contribution française
Authors: Barraud Boris
Published: March 2018

Les pouvoirs publics, du moins en Europe et en particulier en France, semblent préférer que les activités privées se déroulent dans un contexte de corégulation et d’internormativité, donc de coopération des sources du droit, plutôt que d’autorégulation et de plurinormativité, soit de concurrence des sources du droit. C’est pourquoi ils encourageraient la corégulation et, par voie de conséquence, l’internormativité. Ainsi certains procédés de production du droit évoluent-ils et la corégulation constitue-t-elle peut-être un objet d’étude intéressant pour la méthodologie juridique. Prenant l’exemple du droit d’Internet, l’auteur cherche à mieux circonscrire ces enjeux de même que les réponses apportées par la doctrine et les institutions, spécialement en France.
НАЛАЗ КОАГУЛАЗА ПОЗИТИВНИХ СТАФИЛОКОКА У ВЛАШИЋКОМ СИРУ
Authors: Голић Б. , Мијачевић З. , Булајић С. , Велебит Б. , Недић Н. Д.
Published: March 2018

Влашићки сир припада групи сирева произведених од термички не-обрађеног млијека, који, због начина производње, носи ризик од прису-ства ентеротоксогених коагулаза позитивних стафилокока.Испитивањем је обухваћено 50 узорака влашићког сира, поријекломиз производње и промета. Циљ испитивања је утврђивање броја коагу-лаза позитивних стафилокока и присуства ентеротоксина стафилококау влашићком сиру.Присуство коагулаза позитивних стафилокока утврђено је у 76% си-рева, а од испитиваних изолата стафилокока, ентеротоксин стафилококаутврђен је у 39,47% случајева.
ISHRANOM ŽIVOTINJA DO FUNKCIONALNE HRANE
Authors: Marković R. , Baltić Ž. M. , Đorđević J. , Todorović M. , Dokmanović Starčević M. , Pantić S. , Drljačić A. , Šefer D.
Published: March 2018

Funkcionalna hrana je hrana koja ima povoljan uticaj na ljudsko zdravlje mimouobičajenih nutritivnih funkcija. Biološki aktivna jedinjenja su nosioci povoljnogdejstva funkcionalne hrane. Brojni naučni dokazi govore u prilog tome da je ishranabogata pojedinim namirnicama direktno u vezi sa smanjenim rizikom od hroničnih,nezaraznih bolesti. Funkcionalnu hranu nije lako obuhvatiti jedinstvenom definicijom,ova hrana je pre svega koncept, a ne dobro definisana grupa prehrambenih proizvoda.Funkcionalne namirnice, imaju pozitivne efekte po zdravlje ljudi i najčešće sekoriste u očuvanju optimalnih gastrointestinalnih funkcija, podizanju nivoa aktivnostiantioksidativne odbrane organizma, smanjenju faktora rizika uključenih u etiologijukardiovaskularnih oboljenja i kancera.Najčešći funkcionalni sastojci koji se koriste pri obogaćivanju živinskih i ostalihanimalnih namirnica su: selen, omega-3 masne kiseline, vitamin E i konjugovanalinolna kiselina (CLA). U ovom radu prikazane su neke od mogućnosti da se dodavanjemu hranu za životinje organskog selena, lana, konjugovane linolne kiseline, utičena dobijanje namirnica animalnog porekla sa većim sadržajem selena ili povoljnijegmasnokiselinskog sastava. Navedeni sastojci atraktivni su prvenstveno zbogtoga što se već niz godina u razvoju funkcionalne hrane teži dizajniranju većeg brojaproizvoda za očuvanje zdravlja kardiovaskularnog sistema i smanjenje prekomernetelesne mase, budući da su to najveći problem modernog načina života.
УПОТРЕБА АДИТИВА У ПРОИЗВОДИМА ОД МЕСА - ПРОБЛЕМИ И МОГУЋЕ ЗЛОУПОТРЕБЕ
Authors: Василев Д. , Теодоровић В. , Димитријевић М. , Карабасил Н. , Чобановић Н. , Илић Н.
Published: March 2018

Употреба адитива у производима од меса у Републици Србији регулисана јепрописима који произилазе из Закона о безбедности хране, и то Правилникомо прехрамбеним адитивима, Правилником о квалитету уситњеног меса, полу-производа од меса и производа од меса и Правилником о декларисању, озна-чавању и рекламирању хране. Правилник о прехрамбеним адитивима сврставапроизводе од меса у категорије: непрерађено месо, укључјујући и полупроизво-де од уситњеног меса, производи од меса (посебно термички третирани и не-третирани), омотачи и средства за облагање и декорацију меса, и традиционал-ни саламурени месни производи са посебним условима за употребу нитрата инитрита. За сваку од ових група, дата је листа дозвољених адитива са њиховимЕ бројевима, максимално дозвољеним количинама и ограничењима/изузеци-ма употребе код одређених производа од меса. Према Правилнику о деклари-сању, означавању и рекламирању хране, адитиви се означавају навођењем ка-тегорије и назива адитива или његовог Е броја са листе адитива дате у Правил-нику о прехрамбеним адитивима. Адитиви су сврстани у ове категорије премафункционалним особинама, а код производа од меса значај имају: конзерванси,антиоксиданси, боје, емулгатори, емулгујуће соли, згушњивачи, стабилизатори,средства за желирање, појачивачи ароме, киселине, регулатори киселости и мо-дификовани скроб. Проблеми у пракси у вези са употребом адитива код произ-вода од меса заснивају се на погрешном тумачењу појединих одредби наведе-них правилника, непознавању нових ограничења која нису постојала у претход-ним прописима и неправилном декларисању. У овом раду посебан осврт дат јена проблеме у употреби нитрита и нитрата, фосфата, као и аскорбинске кисе-лине и аскорбата, односно ериторбинске (изоаскорбинске) киселине и еритор-бата (изоаскорбата).
Using machine learning techniques and different color spaces for the classification of Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) fruits according to ripeness level
Authors: Cotrina Carlos , Bazán Karen , Oblitas Jimy , Avila-George Himer , Castro Wilson
Published: March 2018

The classification of fresh fruits according to their ripeness is typically a subjective and tedious task; consequently, there is growing interest in the use of non-contact techniques such as those based on computer vision and machine learning. In this paper, we propose the use of non-intrusive techniques for the classification of Cape gooseberry fruits. The proposal is based on the use of machine learning techniques combined with different color spaces. Given the success of techniques such as artificial neural networks,support vector machines, decision trees, and K-nearest neighbors in addressing classification problems, we decided to use these approaches in this research work. A sample of 926 Cape gooseberry fruits was obtained, and fruits were classified manually according to their level of ripeness into seven different classes. Images of each fruit were acquired in the RGB format through a system developed for this purpose. These images were preprocessed, filtered and segmented until the fruits were identified. For each piece of fruit, the median color parameter values in the RGB space were obtained, and these results were subsequently transformed into the HSV and L*a*b* color spaces. The values of each piece of fruit in the three color spaces and their corresponding degrees of ripeness were arranged for use in the creation, testing, and comparison of the developed classification models. The classification of gooseberry fruits by ripening level was found to be sensitive to both the color space used and the classification technique, e.g., the models based on decision trees are the most accurate, and the models based on the L*a*b* color space obtain the best mean accuracy. However, the model that best classifies the cape gooseberry fruits based on ripeness level is that resulting from the combination of the SVM technique and the RGB color space.
Benthos from Baffin Bay Area: a photo catalogue
Authors: Grant Cindy , de Montety Laure , Tréau de Coeli Lisa , Hammeken Nanette , Archambault Philippe , Blicher Martin
Published: March 2018

Many teams studying benthic biodiversity have faced the challenge of identifying collected specimens while they are at sea. The use of pictures is an efficient way to increase samples processing, while limiting wrong or incorrect identifications that can be done when many people are working on the same project at different times. This catalogue presents a non-exhaustive inventory of more than 750 taxa, most of them named to the species level, of benthic invertebrates recorded in Baffin Bay (Arctic) with a special attention paid to species recorded along the Southwest Greenland coast. It is designed to be an accurate tool for biologists to identify benthic invertebrates occurring in trawl/dredge samples, with the objective to decrease number of preserved samples and time spent on post-survey sample processing. It has proven particularly useful during the implementation of benthos monitoring on national fisheries assessment surveys as recently recommended by CAFF-CBMP (CAFF 2017) as a way to increase our knowledge of long-term and large-scale trends in Arctic benthos communities. The catalogue proposes original photos and drawings. A must for biologist studying benthos from Arctic waters!
Fuel-cell breathalyser use for field research on alcohol intoxication: an independent psychometric evaluation
Authors: Sorbello Jacob G. , Devilly Grant J. , Allen Corey , Hughes Lee R.J. , Brown Kathleen
Published: March 2018

Background

Several field studies have used fuel-cell breathalysers (FCB) to investigate the prevalence of alcohol intoxication. However, there is a lack of evidence evaluating the psychometric properties of these breathalysers outside of the forensic disciplines.

Methods

The current research describes four studies designed that assess the reliability and validity of portable platinum FCBs for research on alcohol intoxication. Utilising the Alcolizer LE5 breathalyser and, to a lesser degree, the Lifeloc FC-20 and the Lion Intoxilyzer 8000, each study sampled patrons frequenting popular night-time entertainment districts with varying levels of alcohol intoxication.

Results

Study one and two found excellent test-retest reliability and inter-instrument reliability for FCBs. Study three and four provided evidence to support the convergent validity of the two FCBs (the LE5 with the FC20), and with an evidential breathalyser (i.e., the Lion Intoxilyzer 8000; EB).

Discussion

A 93–97% agreement rate between breathalyser readings was found across the four studies. Portable FCB are recommended as a reliable and valid instrument for research designs requiring quick alcohol intoxication estimations in large populations. Strategies to enhance reliable and valid readings are provided for field researchers.
Searching the Internet for psychiatric disorders among Arab and Jewish Israelis: insights from a comprehensive infodemiological survey
Authors: Adawi Mohammad , Amital Howard , Mahamid Mahmud , Amital Daniela , Bisharat Bishara , Mahroum Naim , Sharif Kassem , Guy Adi , Adawi Amin , Mahagna Hussein , Abu Much Arsalan , Watad Samaa , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi , Watad Abdulla
Published: March 2018

Israel represents a complex and pluralistic society comprising two major ethno-national groups, Israeli Jews and Israeli Arabs, which differ in terms of religious and cultural values as well as social constructs. According to the so-called “diversification hypothesis”, within the framework of e-health and in the era of new information and communication technologies, seeking online health information could be a channel to increase health literacy, especially among disadvantaged groups. However, little is known concerning digital seeking behavior and, in particular, digital mental health literacy. This study was conducted in order to fill in this gap. Concerning raw figures, unadjusted for confounding variables (time, population size, Internet penetration index, disease rate), “depression” searched in Hebrew was characterized by 1.5 times higher search volumes, slightly declining throughout time, whereas relative search volumes (RSVs) related to “depression” searched in Arabic tended to increase over the years. Similar patterns could be detected for “phobia” (in Hebrew 1.4-fold higher than in Arabic) and for “anxiety” (with the searches performed in Hebrew 2.3 times higher than in Arabic). “Suicide” in Hebrew was searched 2.0-fold more than in Arabic (interestingly for both languages search volumes exhibited seasonal cyclic patterns). Eating disorders were searched more in Hebrew: 8.0-times more for “bulimia”, whilst “anorexia” was searched in Hebrew only. When adjusting for confounding variables, association between digital seeking behavior and ethnicity remained statistically significant (p-value < 0.0001) for all psychiatric disorders considered in the current investigation, except for “bulimia” (p = 0.989). More in details, Israeli Arabs searched for mental health disorders less than Jews, apart from “depression”. Arab and Jewish Israelis, besides differing in terms of language, religion, social and cultural values, have different patterns of usage of healthcare services and provisions, as well as e-healthcare services concerning mental health. Policy- and decision-makers should be aware of this and make their best efforts to promote digital health literacy among the Arab population in Israel.
The Risk of Termination Shock From Solar Geoengineering
Authors: Parker Andy , Irvine Peter J.
Published: March 2018

If solar geoengineering were to be deployed so as to mask a high level of global warming, and then stopped suddenly, there would be a rapid and damaging rise in temperatures. This effect is often referred to as termination shock, and it is an influential concept. Based on studies of its potential impacts, commentators often cite termination shock as one of the greatest risks of solar geoengineering. However, there has been little consideration of the likelihood of termination shock, so that conclusions about its risk are premature. This paper explores the physical characteristics of termination shock, then uses simple scenario analysis to plot out the pathways by which different driver events (such as terrorist attacks, natural disasters, or political action) could lead to termination. It then considers where timely policies could intervene to avert termination shock. We conclude that some relatively simple policies could protect a solar geoengineering system against most of the plausible drivers. If backup deployment hardware were maintained and if solar geoengineering were implemented by agreement among just a few powerful countries, then the system should be resilient against all but the most extreme catastrophes. If this analysis is correct, then termination shock should be much less likely, and therefore much less of a risk, than has previously been assumed. Much more sophisticated scenario analysis—going beyond simulations purely of worst‐case scenarios—will be needed to allow for more insightful policy conclusions.
Isolation of native plasma membrane H+‐ATPase (Pma1p) in both the active and basal activation states
Authors: Pedersen Jesper Torbøl , Kanashova Tamara , Dittmar Gunnar , Palmgren Michael
Published: March 2018

The yeast plasma membrane H+‐ATPase Pma1p is a P‐type ATPase that energizes the yeast plasma membrane. Pma1p exists in two activation states: an autoinhibited basal state and an activated state. Here we show that functional and stable Pma1p can be purified in native form and reconstituted in artificial liposomes without altering its activation state. Acetylated tubulin has previously been reported to maintain Pma1p in the basal state but, as this protein was absent from the purified preparations, it cannot be an essential component of the autoinhibitory mechanism. Purification of and reconstitution of native Pma1p in both activation states opens up for a direct comparison of the transport properties of these states, which allowed us to confirm that the basal state has a low coupling ratio between ATP hydrolysis and protons pumped, whereas the activated state has a high coupling ratio. The ability to prepare native Pma1p in both activation states will facilitate further structural and biochemical studies examining the mechanism by which plasma membrane H+‐ATPases are autoinhibited.
The interrelation between clinical presentation and neurophysiology of posthypoxic myoclonus
Authors: van Zijl Jonathan C. , Beudel Martijn , de Jong Bauke M. , van der Naalt Joukje , Zutt Rodi , Lange Fiete , van den Bergh Walter M. , Elting Jan‐Willem J. , Tijssen Marina A. J.
Published: March 2018

Objective

Posthypoxic myoclonus (PHM) in the first few days after resuscitation can be divided clinically into generalized and focal (uni‐ and multifocal) subtypes. The former is associated with a subcortical origin and poor prognosis in patients with postanoxic encephalopathy (PAE), and the latter with a cortical origin and better prognosis. However, use of PHM as prognosticator in PAE is hampered by the modest objectivity in its clinical assessment. Therefore, we aimed to obtain the anatomical origin of PHM with use of neurophysiological investigations, and relate these to its clinical presentation.

Methods

This study included 20 patients (56 ± 18 y/o, 68% M, 2 survived, 1 excluded) with EEG‐EMG‐video recording. Three neurologists classified PHM into generalized or focal PHM. Anatomical origin (cortical/subcortical) was assessed with basic and advanced neurophysiology (Jerk‐Locked Back Averaging, coherence analysis).

Results

Clinically assessed origin of PHM did not match the result obtained with neurophysiology: cortical PHM was more likely present in generalized than in focal PHM. In addition, some cases demonstrated co‐occurrence of cortical and subcortical myoclonus. Patients that recovered from PAE had cortical myoclonus (1 generalized, 1 focal).

Interpretation

Hypoxic damage to variable cortical and subcortical areas in the brain may lead to mixed and varying clinical manifestations of myoclonus that differ of those patients with myoclonus generally encountered in the outpatient clinic. The current clinical classification of PHM is not adequately refined to play a pivotal role in guiding treatment decisions to withdraw care. Our neurophysiological characterization of PHM provides specific parameters to be used in designing future comprehensive studies addressing the potential role of PHM as prognosticator in PAE.
The Intersection of Gender and Resuscitation Leadership Experience in Emergency Medicine Residents: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Linden Judith A. , Breaud Alan H. , Mathews Jasmine , McCabe Kerry K. , Schneider Jeffrey I. , Liu James H. , Halpern Leslie E. , Barron Rebecca J. , Clyne Brian , Smith Jessica L. , Kauffman Douglas F. , Dempsey Michael S. , Dechert Tracey A. , Mitchell Patricia M.
Published: March 2018

Objectives

The objective was to examine emergency medicine (EM) residents’ perceptions of gender as it intersects with resuscitation team dynamics and the experience of acquiring resuscitation leadership skills.

Methods

This was an exploratory, qualitative study using grounded theory and a purposive sample of postgraduate year (PGY) 2–4 EM residents who function as resuscitation team leaders in two urban EM programs. One‐on‐one interviews were conducted by a single experienced researcher. Audiotaped interviews were transcribed and deidentified by two research assistants. A research team composed of a PhD educational researcher, a research nurse, an MPH research assistant, and an EM resident reviewed the transcripts and coded and analyzed data using MAXQDA v12. Themes and coding schema were discussed until consensus was reached. We used member checking to assess the accuracy of our report and to confirm that the interpretations were fair and representative.

Results

Theme saturation was reached after interviewing 16 participants: 10 males and 6 females. The three major themes related to gender that emerged included leadership style, gender inequality, and relationship building. Both male and female residents reported that a directive style was more effective when functioning in the resuscitation leadership role. Female residents more often expressed discomfort with a directive style of leadership, preferring a more communicative and collaborative style. Both female and male residents identified several challenges as disproportionately affecting female residents, including negotiating interactions with nurses more and “earning the respect” of the team members.

Conclusions

Residents acknowledged that additional challenges exist for female residents in becoming resuscitation team leaders. Increasing awareness in residency program leadership is key to affecting change to ensure all residents are trained in a similar manner, while also addressing gender‐specific needs of residents where appropriate. We present suggestions for addressing these barriers and incorporating discussion of leadership styles into residency training.
Controllable fabrication of micro/nanostructures by electrospinning from polystyrene/poly(vinyl alcohol) emulsion dispersions
Authors: Cao Ding , Li Xinhua , Yang Lixia , Yan Dongpeng , Shi Yan , Fu Zhifeng
Published: March 2018

In this article, controllable micro/nanostructures were successfully obtained by electrospinning with the emulsion dispersions of polystyrene and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PS/PVA). The micro/nanostructure of electrospun PS/PVA emulsion dispersions such as corn‐like, spindle‐like, and bowl‐like (or bracelet‐like) were precisely controlled by regulating the electrospun parameters including the surfactant, the applied voltages, and the compositions of PS/PVA emulsion dispersions. The non‐ionic surfactant (Poloxamer) was crucial for the stability of the PS/PVA emulsion dispersions although the surfactant in PS/PVA emulsion was in tiny amount. The high applied voltages were beneficial for the forming the “lined‐fiber” structure but not for spheroids structure (bracelet‐like structure). Moreover, the increasing content of PS in PS/PVA emulsion resulted in more spheroid structure than the “lined‐fiber.” This work was meaningful for the forming mechanism of micro/nanostructure in emulsion electrospinning and made a potential contribution for controllable fabrication of micro/nanostructure of the electrospun PS/PVA emulsion dispersions. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46288.
Super‐tough biodegradable poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) blends plasticized by glycerol and sorbitol
Authors: Boonsuk Phetdaphat , Kaewtatip Kaewta , Chantarak Sirinya , Kelarakis Antonios , Chaibundit Chiraphon
Published: March 2018

Tough biodegradable films were prepared using a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) (1:1) blend with plasticizers of glycerol (GLY), sorbitol (SOR), and their (one to one) mixture. We studied the effect of plasticization on the structural, thermal, and mechanical properties of the PVA/PVP blend films. Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated good miscibility of the two components due to the H‐bonding between the PVA and PVP molecules. The addition of plasticizers reduced the interaction between PVA and PVP, evidenced by an increase in the intensity of PVA diffraction peaks observed in the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) characterization. Thermal degradation of the blends increased as a function of the plasticizer used. GLY affected thermal degradation more than SOR and the mixtures. The incorporation of the plasticizers promoted the growth of PVA crystals as evidenced by XRD patterns and the enthalpy of fusion (ΔHf) obtained by differential scanning calorimetry measurements. The introduction of SOR to the binary blend increased toughness seven times and imparted simultaneous and pronounced improvements to maximum tensile stress and elongation at break. This behavior holds out great promise for the development of a new generation of mechanically robust, yet thoroughly biodegradable materials that could effectively supplant conventional polymers in demanding applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46406.
Similar but Not the Same: First Kinetic and Structural Analyses of a Methanol Dehydrogenase Containing a Europium Ion in the Active Site
Authors: Jahn Bérénice , Pol Arjan , Lumpe Henning , Barends Thomas R. M. , Dietl Andreas , Hogendoorn Carmen , Op den Camp Huub J. M. , Daumann Lena J.
Published: March 2018

Since the discovery of the biological relevance of rare earth elements (REEs) for numerous different bacteria, questions concerning the advantages of REEs in the active sites of methanol dehydrogenases (MDHs) over calcium(II) and of why bacteria prefer light REEs have been a subject of debate. Here we report the cultivation and purification of the strictly REE‐dependent methanotrophic bacterium Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum SolV with europium(III), as well as structural and kinetic analyses of the first methanol dehydrogenase incorporating Eu in the active site. Crystal structure determination of the Eu‐MDH demonstrated that overall no major structural changes were induced by conversion to this REE. Circular dichroism (CD) measurements were used to determine optimal conditions for kinetic assays, whereas inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) showed 70 % incorporation of Eu in the enzyme. Our studies explain why bacterial growth of SolV in the presence of Eu3+ is significantly slower than in the presence of La3+/Ce3+/Pr3+: Eu‐MDH possesses a decreased catalytic efficiency. Although REEs have similar properties, the differences in ionic radii and coordination numbers across the series significantly impact MDH efficiency.
Catheter closure of a recanalized vertical vein after repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Authors: Charbel Ramy , Hanna Najib , Daou Linda , Saliba Zakhia
Published: March 2018

Key Clinical Message

The vertical vein is sometimes left open in repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. It usually closes later but can remain patent leading to a significant shunt. We describe a recanalized vertical vein in a 7‐year‐old having undergone repair in infancy. It was closed using an Amplatzer device.
Large granular lymphocytic leukemia complicating autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 in siblings
Authors: Harrison Jonathan S. , Parmar Harsh , Wang Xiangbing D.
Published: March 2018

Key Clinical Message

Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS1) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, and large granular lymphocytic leukemia (LGLL) may, even more rarely, complicate APS1. LGLL may be subtle in presentation, but it is imperative to recognize LGLL in APS1 promptly, as outcome may otherwise be fatal, as described herein.
Localization of nectin‐2α at the boundary between the adjacent somata of the clustered cholinergic neurons and its regulatory role in the subcellular localization of the voltage‐gated A‐type K+ channel Kv4.2 in the medial habenula
Authors: Shiotani Hajime , Miyata Muneaki , Itoh Yu , Wang Shujie , Kaito Aika , Mizoguchi Akira , Yamasaki Miwako , Watanabe Masahiko , Mandai Kenji , Mochizuki Hideki , Takai Yoshimi
Published: March 2018

The medial habenula (MHb), implicated in stress, depression, memory, and nicotine withdrawal syndromes, receives septal inputs and sends efferents to the interpeduncular nucleus. We previously showed that the immunoglobulin‐like cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) nectin‐2α and nectin‐2δ are expressed in astrocytes in the brain, but their expression in neurons remains unknown. We showed here by immunofluorescence microscopy that nectin‐2α, but not nectin‐2δ, was prominently expressed in the cholinergic neurons in the developing and adult MHbs and localized at the boundary between the adjacent somata of the clustered cholinergic neurons where the voltage‐gated A‐type K+ channel Kv4.2 was localized. Analysis by immunoelectron microscopy on this boundary revealed that Kv4.2 was localized at the membrane specializations (MSs) with plasma membrane darkening in an asymmetrical manner, whereas nectin‐2α was localized on the apposed plasma membranes mostly at the outside of these MSs, but occasionally localized at their edges and insides. Nectin‐2α at this boundary was not colocalized with the nectin‐2α‐binding protein afadin, other CAMs, or their interacting peripheral membrane proteins, suggesting that nectin‐2α forms a cell adhesion apparatus different from the Kv4.2‐associated MSs. Genetic ablation of nectin‐2 delayed the localization of Kv4.2 at the boundary between the adjacent somata of the clustered cholinergic neurons in the developing MHb. These results revealed the unique localization of nectin‐2α and its regulatory role in the localization of Kv4.2 at the MSs in the MHb.
Population‐specific transcriptional differences associated with freeze tolerance in a terrestrial worm
Authors: de Boer Tjalf E. , Roelofs Dick , Vooijs Riet , Holmstrup Martin , Amorim Mónica J. B.
Published: March 2018

Enchytraeus albidus is a terrestrial earthworm widespread along the coasts of northern Europe and the Arctic. This species tolerates freezing of body fluids and survives winters in a frozen state. Their acclimatory physiological mechanisms behind freeze tolerance involve increased fluidity of membrane lipids during cold exposure and accumulation of cryoprotectants (glucose) during the freezing process. Gene regulatory processes of these physiological responses have not been studied, partly because no gene expression tools were developed. The main aim of this study was to understand whether the freeze tolerance mechanisms have a transcriptomic basis in E. albidus. For that purpose, first the transcriptome of E. albidus was assembled with RNAseq data. Second, two strains from contrasting thermal environments (Germany and Greenland) were compared by mapping barcoded RNAseq data onto the assembled transcriptome. Both of these strains are freeze tolerant, but Greenland is extremely freeze tolerant. Results showed more plastic responses in the Greenland strain as well as higher constitutive expression of particular stress response genes. These altered transcriptional networks are associated with an adapted homeostasis coping with prolonged freezing conditions in Greenland animals. Previously identified physiological alterations in freeze‐tolerant strains of E. albidus are underpinned at the transcriptome level. These processes involve anion transport in the hemolymph, fatty acid metabolism, metabolism, and transport of cryoprotective sugars as well as protection against oxidative stress. Pathway analysis supported most of these processes, and identified additional differentially expressed pathways such as peroxisome and Toll‐like receptor signaling. We propose that the freeze‐tolerant phenotype is the consequence of genetic adaptation to cold stress and may have driven evolutionary divergence of the two strains.
A Luminescent pH‐Responsive Ternary Europium(III) Complex of β‐Diketonates and Terpyridine Derivatives as Sensitizing Antennae – Photophysical Aspects, Anion Sensing, and Biological Interactions
Authors: Gupta Kritika , Patra Ashis K.
Published: March 2018

The highly luminescent stable Eu3+ complex [Eu(tta)3(naptpy)] [1, tta = 2‐thenoyltrifluoroacetone, naptpy = 2‐{4‐[(2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridin)‐4′‐yl]phenyl}‐6‐bromo‐1H benzo[de]isoquinoline‐1,3(2H)‐dione] was designed as a pH‐responsive anion‐sensing probe. Complex 1 was synthesized and characterized by various physicochemical and spectral methods such as FTIR spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, ESI‐MS, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and emission spectroscopy. A photosensitization mechanism occurs through two antennae (tta and naptpy) for Eu luminescence by energy transfer to the emissive 5D0 states of the Eu3+ ion through the corresponding excited triplet states of the ligands. Complex 1 displays strong luminescence, remarkable photostability, a long luminescence lifetime (τ = 0.365 ms) in H2O, and no coordinated inner‐sphere water molecules (q < 1). The pH‐dependent study showed that the emission intensity of 1 was quenched or “switched off” upon the displacement of the β‐diketonate antenna owing to the acid sensitivity of the α‐proton of tta and a subsequent ligand‐exchange reaction. The anion sensitivity of the probe was evaluated for a series of anions in aqueous N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF). In the presence of citrate, F–, and HCO3– ions, the luminescence of 1 was quenched, whereas only minor luminescence changes were observed in the presence of other anions owing to the oxophilicity or stronger binding affinity of the hard oxoanions with the hard Lewis acidic Eu3+ ions. The probe shows efficient DNA (Kb = 6.53 × 104 m–1) and bovine serum albumin (BSA, KBSA = 5.09 × 105 m–1) binding affinities under physiological conditions. The quenching of the luminescence intensity of 1 upon interaction with calf thymus DNA (CT‐DNA) suggests that it could be used for luminescence‐based sensing applications.
A Modular Enzyme Cascade for Coenzyme Regeneration: A Simple Approach to Master the Circumstance of Leaching
Authors: Dreifke Michael , Brieler Felix J. , Fröba Michael
Published: March 2018

Originating from three enzymes immobilized onto the surface of mesoporous silicas a modular enzyme cascade was constructed. The major drawbacks concerning the utilization of immobilized enzymes are frequently associated with a pronounced leaching behavior of the enzyme, as well as its dependency on a distinct coenzyme. Accordingly, to obtain more efficient enzyme catalysis, a universal approach ensuring that the coenzyme is recycled is preferable. Herein, the three adsorptively immobilized enzymes were affected by extensive leaching. Thus, a principle was developed to re‐immobilize the amounts of leached enzyme preventing the contamination of the substrate solution and a reliable coenzyme recycling step was considered. The entire enzyme cascade was continuously performed over several cycles and the stability, or rather the efficiency, of the enzyme cascade was investigated in detail, with a special focus on a sophisticated coenzyme recycling procedure.
Comprehensive analysis by liquid chromatography Q‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry: Fast screening of peptides and organic molecules
Authors: Sardela V. F. , Martucci M. E. P. , de Araújo A. L. D. , Leal E. C. , Oliveira D. S. , Carneiro G. R. A. , Deventer K. , Van Eenoo P. , Pereira H. M. G. , Aquino Neto F. R.
Published: March 2018

The number of substances nominally listed in the prohibited list of the World Anti‐Doping Agency increases each year. Moreover, many of these substances do not have a single analytical target and must be monitored through different metabolites, artifacts, degradation products, or biomarkers. A new analytical method was developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of peptides and organic molecules using a single sample preparation and LC‐Q‐HRMS detection. The simultaneous analysis of 450 target molecules was performed after cleanup on a mixed‐mode solid‐phase extraction cartridge, combined with untreated urine. The cleanup solvent and reconstitution solvent were the most important parameters for achieving a comprehensive sample preparation approach. A fast chromatographic run based on a multistep gradient was optimized under different flows; the detection of all substances without isomeric coelution was achieved in 11 minutes, and the chromatographic resolution was considered a critical parameter, even in high‐resolution mass spectrometry detection. The mass spectrometer was set to operate by switching between positive and negative ionization mode for FULL‐MS, all‐ion fragmentation, and FULL‐MS/MS2. The suitable parameters for the curved linear trap (c‐trap) conditions were determined and found to be the most important factors for the development of the method. Only FULL‐MS/MS2 enables the detection of steroids and peptides at concentrations lower than the minimum required performance levels set by World Anti‐Doping Agency (1 ng mL−1). The combination of the maximum injection time of the ions into the c‐trap, multiplexing experiments, and loop count under optimized conditions enabled the method to be applied to over 10 000 samples in only 2 months during the 2016 Rio Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games. The procedure details all aspects, from sample preparation to mass spectrometry detection. FULL‐MS data acquisition is performed in positive and negative ion mode simultaneously and can be applied to untargeted approaches.
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Authors: Cho Yongkeun
Published: March 2018

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a progressive cardiomyopathy characterized by fibrofatty infiltration of the myocardium, ventricular arrhythmias, sudden death, and heart failure. ARVC may be an important cause of syncope, sudden death, ventricular arrhythmias, and/or wall motion abnormalities, especially in the young. As the first symptom is sudden death or cardiac arrest in many cases, an early diagnosis and risk stratification are important. Recent advances in diagnostic modalities will be helpful in the early diagnosis and proper management of patients at risk. Restriction of strenuous exercise and implantation of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators are important in addition to medical treatment and catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia. Recently introduced genetic screening may help to identify asymptomatic carriers with a risk of a disease progression and sudden death.
Dyssegmental dysplasia, Silverman‐Handmaker type: A challenging antenatal diagnosis in a dizygotic twin pregnancy
Authors: Basalom Shuaa , Trakadis Yannis , Shear Roberta , Azouz Michel E. , De Bie Isabelle
Published: March 2018

Background

Dyssegmental dysplasia Silverman‐Handmaker (DDSH; MIM 224410) type is an extremely rare skeletal dysplasia caused by functional null mutations in the perlecan gene. Less than forty cases are reported in the literature, of which only four were prenatally detected.

Methods

We report on a dizygotic twin pregnancy from consanguineous parents for which one of the twins presented prenatally with severe micromelia, limb bowing and scoliosis, and postnatally with clinical and radiological features compatible with a diagnosis of dyssegmental dysplasia. Molecular studies were undertaken to confirm the clinical diagnosis of DDSH.

Results

Molecular analysis results revealed a novel homozygous variant in the HSPG2 gene (MIM 142461), NM_005529.6(HSPG2):c.4029 + 1G>A, consistent with a diagnosis of DDSH.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, the current report is only the seventh molecularly confirmed case of DDSH.