bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical-Orthodontic Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in an Asymmetric Skeletal Class III Patient—A Case Report
Authors: Vale Francisco , Nunes Catarina , Guimarães Adriana , Paula Anabela Baptista , Francisco Inês
Published: June 2021

The skeletal Class III pattern is characterized by a sagittal intermaxillary mesial discrepancy. This discrepancy may have an unfavorable impact on function and aesthetics, which can be aggravated by the presence of facial asymmetries. This case report describes the diagnosis and treatment planning of a 19-year-old male patient with a skeletal Class III, maxillary hypoplasia, anterior crossbite, and mandibular asymmetry. When the patient reached skeletal maturity at the end of puberty, the definitive diagnosis was skeletal Class III with hyperdivergent profile and mandibular asymmetry, and a surgical-orthodontic treatment was proposed. At the end of the treatment, bimaxillary surgical correction allowed a skeletal Class I with mandibular symmetry, improving the function of the stomatognathic system and facial aesthetics.
Novel Approach for Third-Party Reverse Logistic Provider Selection Process under Linear Diophantine Fuzzy Prioritized Aggregation Operators
Authors: Riaz Muhammad , Farid Hafiz Muhammad Athar , Aslam Muhammad , Pamucar Dragan , Bozanić Darko
Published: June 2021

Aggregation operators are fundamental concept for information fusion in real-life problems. Many researchers developed aggregation operators for multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) under uncertainty. Unfortunately, the existing operators can be utilized under strict limitations and constraints. In this manuscript, we focused on new prioritized aggregation operators which remove the strict limitations of the existing operators. The addition of reference parameters associated with membership and non-membership grades in the linear Diophantine Fuzzy sets provide a robust modeling for MCDM problems. The primary objective of this manuscript is to introduce new aggregation operators for modeling uncertainty by using linear Diophantine Fuzzy information. For this objective we develop aggregation operators (AO) namely, "linear Diophantine Fuzzy prioritized weighted average" (LDFPWA) operator and "linear Diophantine Fuzzy prioritized weighted geometric" (LDFPWG) operator. Certain essential properties of new prioritized AOs are also proposed. A secondary objective is to discuss a practical application of third party reverse logistic provider (3PRLP) optimization problem. The efficiency, superiority, and rationality of the proposed approach is analyzed by a numerical example to discuss 3PRLP. The symmetry of optimal decision and ranking of feasible alternatives is followed by a comparative analysis.
A Global Search Method for Inputs and Outputs in Data Envelopment Analysis: Procedures and Managerial Perspectives
Authors: Wong Wai-Peng
Published: June 2021

Effective decision-making techniques are essentially dependent on the capacity to balance (symmetry) requirements and their fulfilment, that is, the capacity to accurately identify a collection of factors that have the greatest influence on performance. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a useful nonparametric method in operations research for performance estimation by measuring the efficiency scores of the decision-making units. In this paper, we develop a global search method (GSM) for selecting the key input and output variables in DEA models. The GSM measures the effects of variables with respect to the efficiency scores directly, i.e., by considering the average change when a variable is added or removed from the analysis. It aims to produce DEA models that include only the key variables with the largest impact on the results. The effectiveness of the GSM is demonstrated using a case study from 15 US banks, with the results analyzed and discussed. The outcomes indicate that the GSM yields useful insight for decision-makers to make informed decisions in undertaking their problems.
A Fractional Approach to a Computational Eco-Epidemiological Model with Holling Type-II Functional Response
Authors: Günay B. , Agarwal Praveen , Guirao Juan L. G. , Momani Shaher
Published: June 2021

Eco-epidemiological can be considered as a significant combination of two research fields of computational biology and epidemiology. These problems mainly take ecological systems into account of the impact of epidemiological factors. In this paper, we examine the chaotic nature of a computational system related to the spread of disease into a specific environment involving a novel differential operator called the Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative. To approximate the solutions of this fractional system, an efficient numerical method is adopted. The numerical method is an implicit approximate method that can provide very suitable numerical approximations for fractional problems due to symmetry. Symmetry is one of the distinguishing features of this technique compared to other methods in the literature. Through considering different choices of parameters in the model, several meaningful numerical simulations are presented. It is clear that hiring a new derivative operator greatly increases the flexibility of the model in describing the different scenarios in the model. The results of this paper can be very useful help for decision-makers to describe the situation related to the problem, in a more efficient way, and control the epidemic.
Common Solution for a Finite Family of Equilibrium Problems, Quasi-Variational Inclusion Problems and Fixed Points on Hadamard Manifolds
Authors: Zhu Jinhua , Tang Jinfang , Chang Shih-sen , Liu Min , Zhao Liangcai
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we introduce an iterative algorithm for finding a common solution of a finite family of the equilibrium problems, quasi-variational inclusion problems and fixed point problem on Hadamard manifolds. Under suitable conditions, some strong convergence theorems are proved. Our results extend some recent results in literature.
Comparison of the Compressive and Tensile Strength Values of Rocks Obtained on the Basis of Various Standards and Recommendations
Authors: Misa Rafał , Nowakowski Andrzej
Published: June 2021

The objective of the current study was to compare results relating to the compressive and tensile strength of rocks obtained during research undertaken according to Polish Standards (as part of the European standards known as Eurocodes), American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standards, and the recommendations of the International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM). A total of 130 experiments for uniaxial compression on axisymmetric samples, point loads, and transverse compression (so-called Brazilian tests) were performed on rock samples comprising granite, limestone, and sandstone. Geometric properties of the samples were selected depending on the applied research method, and the relationship between the specimen’s slenderness and shape, and the obtained values of compressive and tensile strength, were analyzed. The results of the study showed that values of compressive and tensile strength obtained in a laboratory depend significantly on specimen slenderness, different values of which are imposed by various ISRM standards and recommendations, wherein this sensitivity was much higher in the case of compressive strength. The study also raised doubt about the usefulness of the so-called point load test as a method for determination of the compressive strength of rocks and potential estimation of the tensile strength.
Huanglongbing Model under the Control Strategy of Discontinuous Removal of Infected Trees
Authors: Ling Weiwei , Wu Pinxia , Li Xiumei , Xie Liangjin
Published: June 2021

By using differential equations with discontinuous right-hand sides, a dynamic model for vector-borne infectious disease under the discontinuous removal of infected trees was established after understanding the transmission mechanism of Huanglongbing (HLB) disease in citrus trees. Through calculation, the basic reproductive number of the model can be attained and the properties of the model are discussed. On this basis, the existence and global stability of the calculated equilibria are verified. Moreover, it was found that different I0 in the control strategy cannot change the dynamic properties of HLB disease. However, the lower the value of I0, the fewer HLB-infected citrus trees, which provides a theoretical basis for controlling HLB disease and reducing expenditure.
Can (We Make) Bacillus thuringiensis Crystallize More Than Its Toxins?
Authors: Tetreau Guillaume , Andreeva Elena A. , Banneville Anne-Sophie , De Zitter Elke , Colletier Jacques-Philippe
Published: June 2021

The development of finely tuned and reliable crystallization processes to obtain crystalline formulations of proteins has received growing interest from different scientific fields, including toxinology and structural biology, as well as from industry, notably for biotechnological and medical applications. As a natural crystal-making bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has evolved through millions of years to produce hundreds of highly structurally diverse pesticidal proteins as micrometer-sized crystals. The long-term stability of Bt protein crystals in aqueous environments and their specific and controlled dissolution are characteristics that are particularly sought after. In this article, we explore whether the crystallization machinery of Bt can be hijacked as a means to produce (micro)crystalline formulations of proteins for three different applications: (i) to develop new bioinsecticidal formulations based on rationally improved crystalline toxins, (ii) to functionalize crystals with specific characteristics for biotechnological and medical applications, and (iii) to produce microcrystals of custom proteins for structural biology. By developing the needs of these different fields to figure out if and how Bt could meet each specific requirement, we discuss the already published and/or patented attempts and provide guidelines for future investigations in some underexplored yet promising domains.
How Does Bacillus thuringiensis Crystallize Such a Large Diversity of Toxins?
Authors: Tetreau Guillaume , Andreeva Elena , Banneville Anne-Sophie , De Zitter Elke , Colletier Jacques-Philippe
Published: June 2021

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a natural crystal-making bacterium. Bt diversified into many subspecies that have evolved to produce crystals of hundreds of pesticidal proteins with radically different structures. Their crystalline form ensures stability and controlled release of these major virulence factors. They are responsible for the toxicity and host specificity of Bt, explaining its worldwide use as a biological insecticide. Most research has been devoted to understanding the mechanisms of toxicity of these toxins while the features driving their crystallization have long remained elusive, essentially due to technical limitations. The evolution of methods in structural biology, pushing back the limits in size of amenable protein crystals now allows access to be gained to structural information hidden within natural crystals of such toxins. In this review, we present the main parameters that have been identified as key drivers of toxin crystallization in Bt, notably in the light of recent discoveries driven by structural biology studies. Then, we develop how the future evolution of structural biology will hopefully unveil new mechanisms of Bt toxin crystallization, opening the door to their hijacking with the aim of developing a versatile in vivo crystallization platform of high academic and industrial interest.
Toxins and Other Bioactive Metabolites in Deep Chlorophyll Layers Containing the Cyanobacteria Planktothrix cf. isothrix in Two Georgian Bay Embayments, Lake Huron
Authors: Zastepa Arthur , Miller Todd R. , Watson L. Cynthia , Kling Hedy , Watson Susan B.
Published: June 2021

The understanding of deep chlorophyll layers (DCLs) in the Great Lakes—largely reported as a mix of picoplankton and mixotrophic nanoflagellates—is predominantly based on studies of deep (>30 m), offshore locations. Here, we document and characterize nearshore DCLs from two meso-oligotrophic embayments, Twelve Mile Bay (TMB) and South Bay (SB), along eastern Georgian Bay, Lake Huron (Ontario, Canada) in 2014, 2015, and 2018. Both embayments showed the annual formation of DCLs, present as dense, thin, metalimnetic plates dominated by the large, potentially toxic, and bloom-forming cyanobacteria Planktothrix cf. isothrix. The contribution of P. cf. isothrix to the deep-living total biomass (TB) increased as thermal stratification progressed over the ice-free season, reaching 40% in TMB (0.6 mg/L at 9.5 m) and 65% in South Bay (3.5 mg/L at 7.5 m) in 2015. The euphotic zone in each embayment extended down past the mixed layer, into the nutrient-enriched hypoxic hypolimnia, consistent with other studies of similar systems with DCLs. The co-occurrence of the metal-oxidizing bacteria Leptothrix spp. and bactivorous flagellates within the metalimnetic DCLs suggests that the microbial loop plays an important role in recycling nutrients within these layers, particularly phosphate (PO4) and iron (Fe). Samples taken through the water column in both embayments showed measurable concentrations of the cyanobacterial toxins microcystins (max. 0.4 µg/L) and the other bioactive metabolites anabaenopeptins (max. ~7 µg/L) and cyanopeptolins (max. 1 ng/L), along with the corresponding genes (max. in 2018). These oligopeptides are known to act as metabolic inhibitors (e.g., in chemical defence against grazers, parasites) and allow a competitive advantage. In TMB, the 2018 peaks in these oligopeptides and genes coincided with the P. cf. isothrix DCLs, suggesting this species as the main source. Our data indicate that intersecting physicochemical gradients of light and nutrient-enriched hypoxic hypolimnia are key factors in supporting DCLs in TMB and SB. Microbial activity and allelopathy may also influence DCL community structure and function, and require further investigation, particularly related to the dominance of potentially toxigenic species such as P. cf. isothrix.
First Report on Microcystis as a Potential Microviridin Producer in Bulgarian Waterbodies
Authors: Uzunov Blagoy , Stefanova Katerina , Radkova Mariana , Descy Jean-Pierre , Gärtner Georg , Stoyneva-Gärtner Maya
Published: June 2021

Bulgaria, situated on the Balkan Peninsula, is rich in small and shallow, natural and man-made non-lotic waterbodies, which are threatened by blooms of Cyanoprokaryota/Cyanobacteria. Although cyanotoxins in Bulgarian surface waters are receiving increased attention, there is no information on microviridins and their producers. This paper presents results from a phytoplankton study, conducted in August 2019 in three lakes (Durankulak, Vaya, Uzungeren) and five reservoirs (Duvanli, Mandra, Poroy, Sinyata Reka, Zhrebchevo) in which a molecular-genetic analysis (PCR based on the precursor mdnA gene and subsequent translation to amino acid alignments), combined with conventional light microscopy and an HPLC analysis of marker pigments, were applied for the identification of potential microviridin producers. The results provide evidence that ten strains of the genus Microcystis, and of its most widespread species M. aeruginosa in particular, are potentially toxigenic in respect to microviridins. The mdnA sequences were obtained from all studied waterbodies and their translation to amino-acid alignments revealed the presence of five microviridin variants (types B/C, Izancya, CBJ55500.1 (Microcystis 199), and MC19, as well as a variant, which was very close to type A). This study adds to the general understanding of the microviridin occurrence, producers, and sequence diversity.
R-BPMV-Mediated Resistance to Bean pod mottle virus in Phaseolus vulgaris L. Is Heat-Stable but Elevated Temperatures Boost Viral Infection in Susceptible Genotypes
Authors: Meziadi Chouaïb , Lintz Julie , Naderpour Masoud , Gautier Charlotte , Blanchet Sophie , Noly Alicia , Gratias-Weill Ariane , Geffroy Valérie , Pflieger Stéphanie
Published: June 2021

In the context of climate change, elevated temperature is a major concern due to the impact on plant–pathogen interactions. Although atmospheric temperature is predicted to increase in the next century, heat waves during summer seasons have already become a current problem. Elevated temperatures strongly influence plant–virus interactions, the most drastic effect being a breakdown of plant viral resistance conferred by some major resistance genes. In this work, we focused on the R-BPMV gene, a major resistance gene against Bean pod mottle virus in Phaseolus vulgaris. We inoculated different BPMV constructs in order to study the behavior of the R-BPMV-mediated resistance at normal (20 °C) and elevated temperatures (constant 25, 30, and 35 °C). Our results show that R-BPMV mediates a temperature-dependent phenotype of resistance from hypersensitive reaction at 20 °C to chlorotic lesions at 35 °C in the resistant genotype BAT93. BPMV is detected in inoculated leaves but not in systemic ones, suggesting that the resistance remains heat-stable up to 35 °C. R-BPMV segregates as an incompletely dominant gene in an F2 population. We also investigated the impact of elevated temperature on BPMV infection in susceptible genotypes, and our results reveal that elevated temperatures boost BPMV infection both locally and systemically in susceptible genotypes.
Influence of Caudovirales Phages on Humoral Immunity in Mice
Authors: Chechushkov Anton , Kozlova Yuliya , Baykov Ivan , Morozova Vera , Kravchuk Bogdana , Ushakova Tatyana , Bardasheva Alevtina , Zelentsova Ekaterina , Allaf Lina Al , Tikunov Artem , Vlassov Valentin , Tikunova Nina
Published: June 2021

Bacteriophages are promising antibacterial agents. Although they have been recognized as bacterial viruses and are considered to be non-interacting with eukaryotic cells, there is growing evidence that phages may have a significant impact on the immune system via interactions with macrophages, neutrophils, and T-cell polarization. In this study, the influence of phages of podovirus, siphovirus, and myovirus morphotypes on humoral immunity of CD-1 mice was investigated. In addition, tissue distribution of the phages was tested in these mice. No common patterns were found either in the distribution of phages in mice or in changes in the levels of cytokines in the sera of mice once injected with phages. Importantly, pre-existing IgM-class antibodies directed against capsid proteins of phages with myovirus and siphovirus morphotypes were identified in mice before immunization. After triple immunization of CD1-mice with phages without any adjuvant, levels of anti-phage serum polyclonal IgG antibodies increased. Immunogenic phage proteins recognized by IgM and/or IgG antibodies were identified using Western blot analysis and mass spectrometry. In addition, mice serum collected after immunization demonstrated neutralizing properties, leading to a substantial decrease in infectivity of investigated phages with myovirus and siphovirus morphotypes. Moreover, serum samples collected before administration of these phages exhibited some ability to reduce the phage infectivity. Furthermore, Proteus phage PM16 with podovirus morphotype did not elicit IgM or IgG antibodies in immunized mice, and no neutralizing activities against PM16 were revealed in mouse serum samples before and after immunization.
Confound, Cause, or Cure: The Effect of Cannabinoids on HIV-Associated Neurological Sequelae
Authors: Starr Alexander , Jordan-Sciutto Kelly L. , Mironets Eugene
Published: June 2021

The persistence of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in the era of effective antiretroviral therapy suggests that modern HIV neuropathogenesis is driven, at least in part, by mechanisms distinct from the viral life cycle. Identifying more subtle mechanisms is complicated by frequent comorbidities in HIV+ populations. One of the common confounds is substance abuse, with cannabis being the most frequently used psychoactive substance among people living with HIV. The psychoactive effects of cannabis use can themselves mimic, and perhaps magnify, the cognitive deficits observed in HAND; however, the neuromodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of cannabinoids may counter HIV-induced excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation. Here, we review our understanding of the cross talk between HIV and cannabinoids in the central nervous system by exploring both clinical observations and evidence from preclinical in vivo and in vitro models. Additionally, we comment on recent advances in human, multi-cell in vitro systems that allow for more translatable, mechanistic studies of the relationship between cannabinoid pharmacology and this uniquely human virus.
Long-Term Longitudinal Evaluation of Six Commercial Immunoassays for the Detection of IgM and IgG Antibodies against SARS CoV-2
Authors: Nedelcu Iulia , Jipa Raluca , Vasilescu Roxana , Băicuș Cristian , Popescu Costin-Ioan , Manea Eliza , Stoichițoiu Laura E. , Pinte Larisa , Damalan Anca , Simulescu Oana , Stoica Irina , Stoica Madalina , Hristea Adriana
Published: June 2021

The number of serological assays for SARS-CoV-2 has skyrocketed in the past year. Concerns have been raised regarding their performance characteristics, depending on the disease severity and the time of the analysis post-symptom onset (PSO). Thus, independent validations using an unbiased sample selection are required for meaningful serology data interpretation. We aimed to assess the clinical performance of six commercially available assays, the seroconversion, and the dynamics of the humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study included 528 serum samples from 156 patients with follow-up visits up to six months PSO and 161 serum samples from healthy people. The IgG/total antibodies positive percentage increased and remained above 95% after six months when chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) IgG antiS1/S2 and electro-chemiluminescent assay (ECLIA) total antiNP were used. At early time points PSO, chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) IgM antiS achieved the best sensitivity. IgM and IgG appear simultaneously in most circumstances, and when performed in parallel the sensitivity increases. The severe and the moderate clinical forms were significantly associated with higher seropositivity percentage and antibody levels. High specificity was found in all evaluated assays, but the sensitivity was variable depending on the time PSO, severity of disease, detection method and targeted antigen.
Metagenomic Analysis of Marigold: Mixed Infection Including Two New Viruses
Authors: Yin Hang , Dong Zheng , Wang Xulong , Lu Shuhao , Xia Fei , Abuduwaili Annihaer , Bi Yang , Li Yongqiang
Published: June 2021

Marigold plants with symptoms of mosaic, crinkle, leaf curl and necrosis were observed and small RNA and ribo-depleted total RNA deep sequencing were conducted to identify the associated viruses. Broad bean wilt virus 2, cucumber mosaic virus, turnip mosaic virus, a new potyvirus tentatively named marigold mosaic virus (MMV) and a new partitivirus named as marigold cryptic virus (MCV) were finally identified. Complete genome sequence analysis showed MMV was 9811 nt in length, encoding a large polyprotein with highest aa sequence identity (57%) with the putative potyvirus polygonatumkingianum virus 1. Phylogenetic analysis with the definite potyviruses based on the polyprotein sequence showed MMV clustered closest to plum pox virus. The complete genome of MCV comprised of dsRNA1 (1583 bp) and dsRNA2 (1459 bp), encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and coat protein (CP), respectively. MCV RdRp shared the highest (75.7%) aa sequence identity with the unclassified partitivirus ambrosia cryptic virus 2, and 59.0%, 57.1%, 56.1%, 54.5% and 33.7% with the corresponding region of the definite delta-partitiviruses, pepper cryptic virus 2, beet cryptic virus 3, beet cryptic virus 2, pepper cryptic virus 1 and fig cryptic virus, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the RdRp aa sequence showed MCV clustered into the delta-partitivirus group. These findings enriched our knowledge of viruses infecting marigold, but the association of the observed symptom and the identified viruses and the biological characterization of the new viruses should be further investigated.
Are Genetic Reference Libraries Sufficient for Environmental DNA Metabarcoding of Mekong River Basin Fish?
Authors: Jerde Christopher L. , Mahon Andrew R. , Campbell Teresa , McElroy Mary E. , Pin Kakada , Childress Jasmine N. , Armstrong Madeline N. , Zehnpfennig Jessica R. , Kelson Suzanne J. , Koning Aaron A. , Ngor Peng Bun , Nuon Vanna , So Nam , Chandra Sudeep , Hogan Zeb S.
Published: June 2021

Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding approaches to surveillance have great potential for advancing biodiversity monitoring and fisheries management. For eDNA metabarcoding, having a genetic reference sequence identified to fish species is vital to reduce detection errors. Detection errors will increase when there is no reference sequence for a species or when the reference sequence is the same between different species at the same sequenced region of DNA. These errors will be acute in high biodiversity systems like the Mekong River Basin, where many fish species have no reference sequences and many congeners have the same or very similar sequences. Recently developed tools allow for inspection of reference database coverage and the sequence similarity between species. These evaluation tools provide a useful pre-deployment approach to evaluate the breadth of fish species richness potentially detectable using eDNA metabarcoding. Here we combined established species lists for the Mekong River Basin, resulting in a list of 1345 fish species, evaluated the genetic library coverage across 23 peer-reviewed primer pairs, and measured the species specificity for one primer pair across four genera to demonstrate that coverage of genetic reference libraries is but one consideration before deploying an eDNA metabarcoding surveillance program. This analysis identifies many of the eDNA metabarcoding knowledge gaps with the aim of improving the reliability of eDNA metabarcoding applications in the Mekong River Basin. Genetic reference libraries perform best for common and commercially valuable Mekong fishes, while sequence coverage does not exist for many regional endemics, IUCN data deficient, and threatened fishes.
Water Footprint and Virtual Water Trade of Maize in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Arrien Maria Macarena , Aldaya Maite M. , Rodriguez Corina Iris
Published: June 2021

Agriculture is the largest fresh water consuming sector, and maize is the most produced and consumed crop worldwide. The water footprint (WF) methodology quantifies and evaluates the water volumes consumed and polluted by a given crop, as well as its impacts. In this work, we quantified for the first time the green WF (soil water from precipitation that is evapotranspired) and the green virtual water exports of maize from Buenos Aires province, Argentina, during 2016–2017, due to the relevance of this region in the world maize trade. Furthermore, at local level, we quantified the green, blue (evapotranspired irrigation), and grey (volume of water needed to assimilate a pollution load) WF of maize in a pilot basin. The green WF of maize in the province of Buenos Aires ranged between 170 and 730 m3/ton, with the highest values in the south following a pattern of yields. The contribution of this province in terms of green virtual water to the international maize trade reached 2213 hm3/year, allowing some water-scarce nations to ensure water and water-dependent food security and avoid further environmental impacts related to water. At the Napaleofú basin scale, the total WF of rainfed maize was 358 m3/ton (89% green and 11% grey) and 388 m3/ton (58% green, 25% blue, and 17% grey) for the irrigated crop, showing that there is not only a green WF behind the exported maize, but also a Nitrogen-related grey WF.
Uncertainties in Riverine and Coastal Flood Impacts under Climate Change
Authors: Wang Shuyi , Najafi Mohammad Reza , Cannon Alex J. , Khan Amir Ali
Published: June 2021

Climate change can affect different drivers of flooding in low-lying coastal areas of the world, challenging the design and planning of communities and infrastructure. The concurrent occurrence of multiple flood drivers such as high river flows and extreme sea levels can aggravate such impacts and result in catastrophic damages. In this study, the individual and compound effects of riverine and coastal flooding are investigated at Stephenville Crossing located in the coastal-estuarine region of Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), Canada. The impacts of climate change on flood extents and depths and the uncertainties associated with temporal patterns of storms, intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) projections, spatial resolution, and emission scenarios are assessed. A hydrologic model and a 2D hydraulic model are set up and calibrated to simulate the flood inundation for the historical (1976–2005) as well as the near future (2041–2070) and far future (2071–2100) periods under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5. Future storm events are generated based on projected IDF curves from convection-permitting Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) climate model simulations, using SCS, Huff, and alternating block design storm methods. The results are compared with simulations based on projected IDF curves derived from statistically downscaled Global Climate Models (GCMs). Both drivers of flooding are projected to intensify in the future, resulting in higher risks of flooding in the study area. Compound riverine and coastal flooding results in more severe inundation, affecting the communities on the coastline and the estuary area. Results show that the uncertainties associated with storm hyetographs are considerable, which indicate the importance of accurate representation of storm patterns. Further, simulations based on projected WRF-IDF curves show higher risks of flooding compared to the ones associated with GCM-IDFs.
A Stable Isotope Approach for Estimating the Contribution of Recycled Moisture to Precipitation in Lanzhou City, China
Authors: Chen Fenli , Zhang Mingjun , Wu Xixi , Wang Shengjie , Argiriou Athanassios A. , Zhou Xin , Chen Jufan
Published: June 2021

The proportional contribution of recycled moisture to local precipitation is a geographically dependent parameter that cannot be ignored in water budgets. Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes are sensitive to environmental changes and can be applied to investigate the modern water cycle. In this study, a three-component mixing model is used to calculate the contribution of different water vapors (advection, evaporation and transpiration) to summer precipitation in Lanzhou city, Northwest China. The results show that for all sampling sites in Lanzhou, the contribution of advection vapor to precipitation is the largest, followed by the plant transpiration vapor, and the contribution of surface evaporation water vapor is usually the least, with the average values of 87.96%, 9.1% and 2.9%, respectively. The spatial differences of plant transpiration vapor are generally larger than those of advection vapor and surface evaporation vapor, and the high values appear in Yongdeng, Daheng and Gaolan.
Microbial Biofilm Diversity and Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Drinking Water Distribution System of Peshawar, Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Habib , Shahzad Muhammad , Saleem Faizan , Ali Taj , Azim Muhammad Kamran , Khan Haris , Ali Johar , Ahmed Jawad
Published: June 2021

The occurrence of microbial communities harboring antibiotic resistance bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes in the drinking water distribution system pose a significant threat to the aquatic ecosystem and to public health, especially in developing countries. In this study, we have used next-generation sequencing technology to explore bacterial community diversity and the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in biofilms collected from the drinking water distribution system of Peshawar, the capital city of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The results showed that Proteobacteria were the most abundant phyla (89.79%) in all biofilm samples, followed by Bacteroidetes (3.48%) and Actinobacteria (2.79%). At genus level, Pseudomonas was the most common (22.45%) in all biofilm samples. Overall, bacterial diversity and richness was higher in biofilm samples collected from the consumer end than the source site. Bacterial diversity was also dependent on the piping material (GI vs. PVC) and water supply (direct vs. indirect). Functional annotation reveals a differential abundance of common metabolic pathways at source and consumer end. Resistome analysis revealed a prevalence of resistance genes against 12 classes of antibiotics in all samples with macrolides resistance being the commonest at the consumer end (42.1%) and fluoroquinolone resistance at the source end (24%). To our knowledge, this is the first study that provides new insight and evidence into the microbial community diversity and antibiotic resistance in the drinking water supply system of Peshawar. These findings may ultimately help the authorities to design and implement effective strategies for controlling biofilms and ensuring a continuous supply of safe drinking water to the community.
Exploring the Spatial Impact of Green Infrastructure on Urban Drainage Resilience
Authors: Rodriguez Mayra , Fu Guangtao , Butler David , Yuan Zhiguo , Sharma Keshab
Published: June 2021

This paper explores the spatial impact of green infrastructure (GI) location on the resilience of urban drainage systems by the application of exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA). A framework that integrates resilience assessment, location sensitivity analysis and ESDA is presented and applied to an urban catchment in the United Kingdom. Three types of GI, namely a bioretention cell, permeable pavement, and green roof, are evaluated separately and simultaneously. Resilience is assessed using stress-strain tests, which measure the system performance based on the magnitude and duration of sewer flooding and combined sewer overflows. Based on the results of a location sensitivity analysis, ESDA is applied to determine if there is spatial autocorrelation, spatial clusters, and spatial outliers. Results show a stronger spatial dependency using sewer flooding indicators. Different GI measures present differences in spatial autocorrelation and spatial cluster results, highlighting the differences in their underlying mechanisms. The finding of conflicting spatial clusters indicates that there are trade-offs in the placement of GI in certain locations. The proposed framework can be used as a tool for GI spatial planning, helping in the development of a systematic approach for resilience-performance orientated GI design and planning.
The classification and modern use of magnetic dosage forms in medicine
Authors: Zavadskiy Sergey Pavlovich
Published: June 2021

Currently, quite a large variety of magnetic therapy products, including magnetic dosage forms (MDF), is used in medicine. MDF contain different magnetic materials. MDF either contain or do not contain medicinal substances (MS) in their composition. The therapeutic action of MDF is produced by either a biotropic effect of magnetic field (MF) in case MDF is a source of permanent magnetic field, or mechanic action of MDF based on their interaction with an external source of MF, or a combination of the biotropic and mechanic actions. MDF used in medicine have been reviewed, and their classification by magnetic filler type has been provided.
The development of technology for obtaining a dry extract of oak bark
Authors: Dubovskaya N.I. , Zolotareva M.S. , Panov A.V. , Kedik S.A.
Published: June 2021

The article presents the development of a technology for obtaining a dry extract of oak bark and the quantitative determination of tannins in it. Oak bark extract is used medicinally as a local anti-inflammatory agent. The development of a technology for obtaining a dry extract will provide more opportunities for its use.
The development of perfusion culture of CHO cells in Erlenmeyer flasks for further transfer of the process to the bioreactor
Authors: Smirnov Aleksandr Alekseevich , Zavorueva Mariya Nikolaevna , Eliseeva Vera Vyacheslavovna , Mazalyov Denis Alekseevich , Kuvshinov Viktor Andreevich , Semikhina Anastasiya Olegovna
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the relevance and problems of perfusion culture of CHO cells, also proposed modeling of perfusion culture in Erlenmeyer flasks.
Determination of heavy metals in Ayurvedic herbal preparations by atomic emission spectrometry
Authors: Anikina Margarita Dmitrievna , Generalova Yuliya Eduardovna , Gravel Irina Valerievna
Published: June 2021

The article presents the results of a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the content of heavy metals in herbal medicinal products used in Ayurveda.
The value of physiotherapeutic methods using low-intensity laser radiation in increasing the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures in persons who have had respiratory infections of viral and bacterial nature
Authors: Gizinger O.A.
Published: June 2021

Laser therapy, as one of the artificial therapeutic physical factors, has long been successfully used in medicine. Detailed analysis and study of the effect of monochromatic light on various biological objects, cells, organs and systems of the body made it possible to clarify the parameters of the therapeutic effect of the magnetic field, propose methods and algorithms for conducting procedures, expand the indications and clarify contraindications to the use of laser therapy.
The use of ozone therapy in occupational allergodermatosis
Authors: Kabirova Elvira F. , Borisova Alla I. , Urmantseva Ferdaus A. , Rafikova Linara A. , Shaykhlislamova Elmira R. , Abdrakhmanova Elena R. , Bakirov Akhat B.
Published: June 2021

The article presents studies on the results of evaluating the effectiveness of using a course of ozone therapy in combination with standard drug therapy in the treatment of patients with occupational allergodermatosis. The dynamics of the clinical picture of skin manifestations on the SCORAD scale in patients before and after the course of oxygen-ozone therapy was studied. Clinically significant criteria for the effectiveness of therapy achieved by us in the study should be considered a decrease in the severity of erythema and edema.
Chronic diseases of the lymphopharyngeal ring in children: etiology, diagnosis, clinic, principles of treatment
Authors: Zyryanova K. S. , Kornova Natalia V. , Korkmazov A. M. , Beloshangin A. S.
Published: June 2021

Conservative therapy of chronic pathology of the pharyngeal tonsil allows achieving a clinical and immunological effect in 80 % of cases. It is recommended to adhere to the tactics of maximizing the preservation of the organs of the lymphoepithelial pharyngeal ring. Removal of adenoids up to the age of three is carried out only according to absolute indications.
Chewing gum medicinal — prospects, assortment, development and application features
Authors: Tishkov Sergey Valeryevich , Blynskaya Evgenia Viktorovna Blynskaya Evgenia Viktorovna , Alekseev Konstantin Viktorovich , Bueva Victoria Vladimirovna , Ivanov Artyom Alekseevich
Published: June 2021

Chewing gum medicinal is one of the most promising dosage forms for medicines from various pharmacological groups. In this article, an assortment analysis of chewing gum medicinal products located on the Russian and foreign pharmaceutical markets is carried out. The main excipients, the technologies for producing chewing gum medicinal products are described and examples of the development of this dosage form for local and systemic use are given. The advantages and disadvantages of chewing gum medicinal products in comparison with other dosage forms are shown, comparative studies reflecting the use of the presented dosage form are demonstrated. In addition, promising groups of pharmaceutical substances have been identified for development in the form of chewing gum medicinal products especially for domestic developers. It is concluded that this dosage form is promising, the advantages and disadvantages of chewing gum medicinal products for local and systemic use.
The use of smectite kizelgur in diets when rearing calves of the preweaning period
Authors: Gamko L. N. , Pilyugaytsev D. A.
Published: June 2021

The use of grain feed mixtures in the diets of young cattle at an early age does not fully meet their need for minerals, because of which other nutrients cannot be used eff ectively enough. In this regard the current situation determines the need to use and develop recipes for grain feed mixtures with the inclusion of relatively inexpensive natural mineral additives in their composition from the early age of calves. The purpose of the work was to experimentally substantiate the inclusion in the grain feed mixture of different doses of smectite kizelgur and their effect on the productivity of young cattle during the preweaning period with its summer and winter housing. The doses of inclusion of smectite kizelgur in the composition of grain feed mixture for calves of the preweaning period and their effect on productivity and energy consumption per unit of growth have been studied. The most effective doses of smectite kizelgur in the composition of grain feed mixture for calves during the preweaning growing period under the conditions of their summer and winter maintenance have been established. In the experiment the content of vital chemical elements from different parts of the calves’ body in the hair has been studied as an indicator of the mineral status of their body when feeding smectite kizelgur in the grain feed mixture. It has been found during the research that when rearing calves in the preweaning period the use of different doses of smectite kizelgur in the diet has the positive effect on their growth and development, interior indicators and increases the economy of the industry. The inclusion of 20 g/head/day in the grain mixture in the summer period, and 30 g/head/day in the winter period of smectite kizelgur is the most economically justified.
Environmentally-friendly enzyme compositions in animal feeding
Authors: Kostomakhin N. M. , Ivanova I. E. , Kovaleva O. V. , Karmatsikh Yu. A.
Published: June 2021

The realization of the genetic potential of farm animals is first of all determined by the complete feeding, which is determined by its balance in accordance with the needs of animals with a certain physiological state and level of productivity. The study of enzyme compositions in the feeding of mammalian farm animals that promote better digestion of incoming nutrients is an urgent issue. Feed enzymes not only increase the digestibility of individual feed components, but also allow you to increase the rate of input of inexpensive raw materials “rich” in anti-nutritional factors without compromising the health and productivity of the animal. The purpose of the research was to study the use of enzyme compositions in the feeding of cattle and pigs. The results of the study of enzyme compositions in the rations of lactating cows during the period of increasing the milk yield and pigs during the period of rearing and fattening have been presented in the article. The input of enzyme additives with a cellulolytic effect in the rations of cows had the positive effect on the digestibility of nutrients in the feeding ration, milk productivity, and the composition of milk. During the first 100 days of lactation milk with natural fat content was produced from cows of the 1st experimental group by 5,5 % more and from cows of the 2nd experimental group by 13,8 % more than from animals of the control group. In terms of 4 % milk the animals of the 1st experimental group exceeded the control analogues by 7,32 % and in the 2nd group by 18,1 %. The input of 1 kg/t of feed in the diet of the multienzyme composition “Kemzaym W” animals allowed us to get 81,7 kg of additional gain, more profi t compared to the 1st experimental group, where the additional gain was 24,7 kg. The use of the multienzyme composition “Kemzaym W” in the amount of 1 kg/t in the diets of young pigs had the positive effect on the digestibility of raw nutrients, on the increase in live weight and average daily gains, on the yield of meat and the quality of carcasses.
El Monólogo como método de análisis de una obra de teatro
Authors: Pereda Vicente
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar el monólogo como estrategia de enseñanza para el análisis de un texto dramático  en obras teatrales, en específico el texto teatral Fotomatón (1995) del dramaturgo venezolano Gustavo Ott. Esta investigación de acuerdo a su naturaleza se encuentra enmarcada en el paradigma cualitativo y por la consideración de sus objetivos es descriptiva y documental. El método propuesto para la interpretación de las obras es el Interaccionismo  Simbólico y la técnica para el análisis es la aplicación del instrumento   semiótico  Sistema  Sígnico de  Claves. Los  fundamentos  del proceso hermenéutico se basan en la interpretación de símbolos y el significado del lenguaje hablado y escrito, dando como resultado el monólogo. Luego la Información es sometida a un proceso de triangulación desde la relación texto- investigador-contexto. Todos los textos literarios están interrelacionados con otros textos debido a una red semiótica llamada intertextualidad.
Budowanie kultury relacji w przestrzeni edukacyjnej metodą design thinking
Authors: Durkalevych Iryna
Published: June 2021

This article focuses on the need of building a culture of interpersonal relations in the educational space. Theoretical issues related to the need of introducing educational changes were analyzed, in which a greater role would be assigned to building a relational culture as compared to a task-oriented culture. The design thinking method was presented and attention was drawn to the importance of this method in the development of a culture of relationships in relation to educational practice. It was emphasized that this method fosters the development of students' communication and interpersonal competences, teaches cooperation, which in turn contributes to building a culture of relationships in the educational space.
Interreligious dialogue in the Polish lands in the 18th century
Authors: Marcinkowski Roman
Published: June 2021

Abstract: Dov Ber of Bolechov (1723-1805), Jewish wine merchant and polyglot, known for his dispute with the Frankists in Lwów (Lemberg) in 1759, left the Hebrew manuscripts of his two main works: זכרונות ר׳ דוב מבולחוב (The Memoirs of Dov Ber of Bolechov) and iדברי בינה   (Understanding Words). In the former work he describes his life story and the story of his family but also the history of Jews in Eastern Galicia, writing also about important events from the history of Poland, and his description as an outside observer seems to be reliable. In the latter work Dov Ber reveals his attitude towards other religions, especially towards Christianity, and the defence of Rabbinic Judaism and its main book Talmud, or more precisely, of the complete reliability of the Oral Torah, is the leitmotif of Diwre binah. Can we speak of religious dialogue in the 18th century?

            The purpose of the paper is to present Christian-Jewish relations in the Polish lands, in particular in Eastern Galicia in the 18th century from a Jewish perspective in the description of Dov Ber of Bolechov.