bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mentalizing deficits in borderline personality disorder related to axis I comorbidity: Clinical relevance
Authors: López‐Villatoro José Manuel , Díaz‐Marsá M. , Gálvez‐Merlin A. , De la Higuera‐González P. , Carrasco J. L.
Published: July 2024

Aim

Deficits in mentalization have been described in several mental disorders, but information is still scarce and ambiguous about the types of mentalization errors in each disorder and their specificity and severity in borderline personality disorder (BPD). Due to the high comorbidity between this disorder and axis I disorders, the aim of this work is to study differences in mentalization responses in BPD considering the different comorbidity profiles with other disorders.

Methods

A total of 141 BPD patients were evaluated using The Mini‐International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), to identify comorbid axis I disorders. Mentalizing ability was assessed by the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC). Statistical associations were analysed into the different variables.

Results

Patients with comorbid BPD and anorexia nervosa (AN), suicidal behaviour disorder or post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) respectively presented higher overmentalization, undermentalization and absence of mentalization errors, compared with patients with BPD without comorbidity.

Conclusions

Results show that BPD comorbidity with AN, suicidal behaviour disorder and PTSD affect to the types and severity of mentalizing deficits observed in these patients. This study highlights the importance of the assessment and treatment of axis I comorbid disorders in borderline personality disorder, with the objective of shaping personalized treatment for every patient.
Conscience and Bad Conscience
Authors: Snelson Avery
Published: July 2024

This paper attempts to clarify the relationship between conscience and bad conscience in the Second Essay of the Genealogy of Morality (GM II). Conscience, which Nietzsche calls the “will's memory” (GM II, 1), is a faculty that enables agents to generate and sustain the motivation necessary to honor commitments, while bad conscience is that “other gloomy thing” (GM II, 4), gloomy because it is a self‐punishing faculty that produces feelings of guilt. In addition to having different functions, conscience and bad conscience have distinct causal origins. Conscience originated as a memory of “I will nots” inculcated by punishment (GM II, 3), whereas bad conscience is produced by the process of “internalization” (GM II, 16)—not punishment (GM II, 14–15). It would seem to be possible, then, that an agent could have a conscience without having a bad conscience. The sovereign individual is sometimes interpreted in such terms. I argue that this separation is impossible, however. An agent would be incapable of generating and sustaining the motivation to honor commitments, thus having a conscience, without having undergone the process of internalization, necessitating the presence of bad conscience as well.
Comparison of morphological and molecular Strongylus spp. identification in equine larval cultures and first report of a patent Strongylus asini infection in a horse
Authors: Diekmann Irina , Blazejak Katrin , Krücken Jürgen , Strube Christina , von Samson‐Himmelstjerna Georg
Published: July 2024

Background

Surveillance of Strongylus vulgaris and other Strongylus spp. in equids is important for targeted intervention in parasite control, requiring reliable routine diagnostic methods.

Objectives

Comparing morphological examination and PCR analyses of larval cultures to identify Strongylus spp. species based on German diagnostic samples from 2018.

Study design

Method comparison.

Methods

During the routine diagnostic investigations, in total 712 strongyle‐egg positive equine faecal samples were cultured. Third‐stage larvae (L3) were morphologically differentiated. For molecular validation, samples were examined using S. vulgaris real‐time PCR and Strongylus edentatus/Strongylus equinus/Strongylus asini high‐resolution melting PCRs.

Results

Based on 28S rRNA PCR, 594 samples positive for nematode DNA were included in the study. The inter‐rater reliability to compare morphological and molecular species identification was fair for Strongylus spp. without species identification and for S. edentatus, slight for S. equinus and poor for S. vulgaris. The frequency based on morphological and molecular data in this study were for S. vulgaris 0% and 0.8%, respectively, for S. edentatus 0.3% and 1.5%, respectively, and for S. equinus 2.0% and 0.2%, respectively. Based on molecular analyses, one sample obtained from a domestic horse contained S. asini DNA, which was confirmed by sequencing.

Main limitations

For many samples, no or only incomplete data regarding clinical history, the exact geographical location and whether samples were obtained on individual or farm level, were available.

Conclusions

Results of morphological and molecular examination methods of strongyle L3 from equine samples can differ substantially. Further evaluation of these methods is required to provide reliable and cost‐effective methods of screening equine parasites. Further studies using approaches suitable to detect S. asini are needed to evaluate its clinical and epidemiological relevance.
Impact of duration of chronic migraine on long‐term effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies targeting the calcitonin gene‐related peptide pathway—A real‐world study
Authors: Ornello Raffaele , Baldini Francesca , Onofri Agnese , Rosignoli Chiara , De Santis Federico , Burgalassi Andrea , Chiarugi Alberto , Geppetti Pierangelo , Sacco Simona , Iannone Luigi Francesco
Published: July 2024

Objective

We assessed whether the effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) pathway changes according to the duration of chronic migraine (CM) over 12 months.

Background

In most patients, CM is a progressive disease starting with episodic migraine. Longer CM duration might be associated with more difficult treatment, probably because the mechanisms underlying chronicization are strengthened. Therefore, early treatment of CM could lead to better outcomes compared with later treatment.

Methods

This cohort study included individuals with CM treated with anti‐CGRP mAbs in two tertiary headache centers from April 2019 to May 2023. The primary outcome included a change in monthly migraine days (MMDs) from baseline to the third trimester of treatment, 10–12 months. Secondary outcomes established whether response to anti‐CGRP mAbs has a more rapid onset in individuals with shorter CM duration compared with longer duration; they included change in MMDs, monthly headache days (MHDs), and days and number of intakes of acute medication during each trimester compared to baseline. Additional outcomes included persisting MMDs, MHDs, and days and number of intakes of acute medication during each trimester of treatment. Patients were compared across tertiles of the overall CM duration.

Results

The study included 335 individuals with CM, with a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 48 (39–57) years; 270 (80.6%) were women. Patients in the highest tertile of CM duration (aged 18–60 years) were older than patients in the lower duration tertiles (0–7 years and 8–18 years, respectively), with a median (IQR) age of 56 (48–64) years compared with 42 (31–50) years, and 48 (39–56)years, respectively (p = 0.025); however, this difference was likely due to a correlation between age and disease duration. The change in MMDs from baseline to the last trimester of treatment (10–12 months) was comparable across tertiles of CM duration (median [IQR] −12 [−18 to −5] days, −12 [−17 to −6] days, and −12 [−18 to −4] days; p = 0.946). No difference emerged in secondary outcomes, suggesting a similar time to onset of anti‐CGRP mAbs effect across all tertiles of CM duration.

Conclusions

Our data showed that anti‐CGRP mAbs are effective and have a rapid onset of action in CM regardless of disease duration.
Diagnostic and therapeutic insights in individuals with persistent post‐dural puncture headache: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kapan Ali , Waldhör Thomas , Schiffler Tobias , Beck Jürgen , Wöber Christian
Published: July 2024

Background

Post‐dural puncture headache (PDPH) is a frequent complication following lumbar puncture, epidural analgesia, or neuraxial anesthesia. The International Classification of Headache Disorders, third edition categorizes PDPH as a self‐limiting condition; however, emerging evidence, including our findings, suggests that PDPH can have a prolonged course, challenging this traditional view.

Objectives

To elucidate the diagnostic characteristics and treatment outcomes of persistent PDPH (pPDPH), offering insights into its demographic profiles and diagnostic features.

Methods

We executed an anonymous, web‐based survey targeting individuals aged ≥18 years diagnosed with or suspected of having pPDPH. Recruitment occurred through self‐help groups on Facebook. The survey comprised questions regarding diagnostic procedures, treatment regimens, outcomes, and healthcare consultation.

Results

The survey achieved a response rate of 179/347 (51.6%) individuals completing the questionnaire. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks were confirmed in nine of 179 (5.0%) cases. Signs of intracranial hypotension without a CSF leak were observed in 70/179 (39.1%) individuals. All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging scans of the brain and spine, with computed tomography myelography performed in 113/179 (63.1%) cases. Medications, including analgesics, theophylline, and gabapentin, provided minimal short‐term relief. Epidural blood patch treatments resulted in slight‐to‐moderate short‐term improvement in 136/179 (76.0%), significant improvement in 22/179 (12.3%), and complete effectiveness in eight of 179 (4.5%) individuals. For long‐term outcomes, slight‐to‐moderate improvement was reported by 118/179 (66.0%) individuals. Surgical interventions were carried out in 42/179 (23.5%) patients, revealing pseudomeningoceles intraoperatively in 20/42 (47.6%) individuals. After surgery, 21/42 (50.0%) of the participants experienced slight‐to‐moderate improvement, 12/42 (28.6%) showed more pronounced improvement, and five of the 42 (11.9%) achieved complete effectiveness.

Conclusion

This study underscores the complexities of managing pPDPH. The delay in diagnosis can impact the effectiveness of treatments, including epidural blood patch and surgical interventions, resulting in ongoing symptoms. This underscores the importance of tailored and adaptable treatment strategies. The findings advocate for additional research to deepen the understanding of pPDPH and improve long‐term patient outcomes.
Smell perception in virtual spacecraft? A ground‐based approach to sensory data collection
Authors: Loke Grace , Chand Hirdesh , Chandrapala Jayani , Peake Ian , Besnard Anne , Kantono Kevin , Iles Gail , Brennan Charles , Newman Lisa , Low Julia
Published: July 2024

The study explored context‐driven food odour perception with links to chemical profiling of flavour compounds. Participants rated the intensity of three food odours (vanilla, almond, lemon) in a Neutral context and VR simulation of the International Space Station. The study involved 54 adults aged 18–39 years with no history of motion sickness and/or vertigo. The VR context demonstrated significantly higher intensity ratings for vanilla (P = 0.009) and almond (P < 0.001) odours, compared to the Neutral context. Clustering based on perceived intensity identified that those less sensitive to the odours perceived significantly stronger almond odour in VR (P = 0.011). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis linked these findings to benzaldehyde, a common compound in both vanilla and almond odours. Therefore, a VR space context may impact odour perception, subject to their volatile composition and individual sensitivity. This underscores VR's potential as a ground‐based analogue for future sensory research, translating across similar settings beyond the space context.
Mapping the path to decarbonised agri‐food products: a hybrid geographic information system and life cycle inventory methodology for assessing sustainable agriculture
Authors: Martindale Wayne , Saeidan Ali , Tahernezhad‐Javazm Farajollah , Hollands Tom Æ , Duong Linh , Jagtap Sandeep
Published: July 2024

The development of a decarbonised food industry will depend on a sustainable agricultural system where embodied food product greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) can be associated with agricultural production. The method presented demonstrates how mapping agri‐production can be used to calculate regional carbon footprints so GHG emission reduction is geographically strategic. Different agronomic and husbandry outcomes are mapped using Geographic Information Systems (GIS's) and carbon footprints are calculated using Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) libraries. The hybridised GIS‐LCI approach reports unique insights for decarbonisation, demonstrating how farming practices can be further integrated to best deliver food security. We use the GIS‐LCI method to show; (1), geography limits crop and livestock production types; (2), agri‐product density data can be used to calculate a food system carbon footprint; and (3), GIS's can be used to focus food policy for sustainability.
Insight into gelation quality of low‐grade surimi as affected by fava bean protein isolate
Authors: Kamani Mohammad Hassan , Singh Avtar , Nuthong Pornpot , Fenelon Mark A. , Murphy Eoin G. , Benjakul Soottawat
Published: July 2024

The effect of fava bean protein isolate (FPI) at varied concentrations (1%–4%, w/w) on gelation of sardine surimi was evaluated. Breaking force, gel strength, textural profile, and water holding capacity were improved with the addition of FPI (P < 0.05). However, deformation and whiteness of gel samples decreased slightly when higher levels (3%–4%) of FPI were used (P < 0.05). The improved gel properties were supported by enhanced rheological properties (G′ and G″) of gels containing FPI. Microstructure also revealed the formation of gel network with higher connectivity in samples containing 3%–4% FPI. No major changes in the myofibrillar proteins in surimi gel were observed as determined by FTIR spectra and protein patterns. Higher scores for texture and overall likeness were obtained for surimi gel containing 3%–4% FPI. Therefore, FPI is a promising plant‐based ingredient that can effectively improve the gel properties of low‐grade sardine surimi without causing beany flavour.
Local treatment benefits patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun Qihao , Du Kun , Sun Shulei , Liu Yuxin , Long Houtao , Zhang Daofeng , Zheng Junhao , Sun Xiaoliang , Zhao Yong , Zhang Haiyang
Published: July 2024

Objectives

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of local treatment (LT), including radiotherapy (RT) and cytoreductive prostatectomy (CRP), in improving outcomes for patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer (OmPCa).

Methods

A systematic review and meta‐analysis of articles from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science published between 2010 and November 2023 were conducted. The study included 11 articles, comprising three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and eight retrospective analyses. The study assessed overall survival (OS), radiographic progression‐free survival (rPFS), prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) PFS, cancer‐specific survival (CSS), and complication rate (CR).

Results

OS was significantly improved in the LT group, with both RCTs and non‐RCTs showing statistical significance [hazard ratios (HR) = 0.64; 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), 0.51–0.80; p < 0.0001; HR = 0.55; 95% CIs, 0.40–0.77; p = 0.0004]. For rPFS, RCTs did not show statistically significant outcomes (HR = 0.60; 95% CIs, 0.34–1.07; p = 0.09), whereas non‐RCTs demonstrated significant results (HR = 0.42; 95% CIs, 0.24–0.72; p = 0.002). Both RCTs and non‐RCTs showed a significant improvement in PSA‐PFS (HR = 0.44; 95%CI, 0.29–0.67; p = 0.0001; HR = 0.51; 95% CIs, 0.32–0.81; p = 0.004). For CSS, RCTs demonstrated statistical differences (HR = 0.65; 95% CIs, 0.47–0.90; p = 0.009), whereas non‐RCTs did not (HR = 0.61; 95% CIs, 0.29–1.27; p = 0.19). Regarding CR, the risk difference was −0.22 (95% CIs, −0.32 to −0.12; p < 0.00001).

Conclusion

LT significantly improved OS and PFS in patients with OmPCa. Further RCTs are necessary to confirm these results.
Computational estimation of clonal diversity in autoimmunity
Authors: Tuong Zewen Kelvin , van der Merwe Rohan , Canete Pablo F , Roco Jonathan A
Published: July 2024

Diversity is the cornerstone of the adaptive immune system, crucial for its effectiveness against constantly evolving pathogens that pose threats to higher vertebrates. Accurately measuring and interpreting this diversity presents challenges for immunologists, as changes in diversity and clonotype composition can tip the balance between protective immunity and autoimmunity. In this review, we present the current methods commonly used to measure diversity from single‐cell T‐cell receptor and B‐cell receptor sequencing. We also discuss two case studies where single‐cell sequencing and diversity estimations have led to breakthroughs in autoimmune disease discovery and therapeutic innovation, and reflect upon the necessity and importance of accurately defining and measuring lymphocyte diversity in these contexts.
The impact of obesity on body surface area adjusted estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Lim Andy K. H. , Kerr Peter G.
Published: July 2024

Background

Assessment of kidney function is necessary for prescribing renally excreted drugs. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) routinely reported by laboratories is indexed to a body surface area (BSA) of 1.73 m2. In obese patients, the indexed eGFR may underestimate directly measured GFR.

Aims

To determine the prevalence of obesity in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and examine the effect of adjusting the indexed eGFR for patient BSA (deindexing) across CKD Stages 2–5.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study of 575 adults with stable CKD from two general nephrology clinics over 6 months. Dialysis and kidney transplant patients were excluded. We used four equations (Mosteller, Dubois, Haycock and Schlich) to determine BSA based on actual body weight and applied Bland–Altman plots and piecewise linear regression to examine the relationship between deindexed and indexed eGFR.

Results

The median age was 68 years (58% male). The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 31% and 47% respectively. Mean body mass index was 29.7 kg/m2. The Schlich equation for BSA produced the smallest adjustment in eGFR, while the Haycock equation produced the largest adjustment. Males experienced the largest change in eGFR from deindexing because of larger BSAs. Although bias became increasingly positive with higher eGFR, the linear regression stratified by CKD stage indicated that deindexing had little impact with eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m2.

Conclusions

In CKD, deindexing the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration eGFR may not be necessary when the eGFR is <45 mL/min/1.73 m2, particularly if the patient is female.
Reconfiguring digital embeddedness in hybrid work: The case of employee experience management platforms
Authors: John Blooma , Alsamarra'i Zeena , Panteli Niki
Published: July 2024

As organisations respond to the increasing preference for hybrid work, employee experience management (EXM) platforms are becoming integral to transforming employees' experiences in hybrid workplaces. In this article, we theorise that EXM platforms are implanted into the workflow through digital embeddedness, which is appropriated and reconfigured through the interactions between human and digital subsystems in hybrid work. We adopt the lens of digital/human interaction to explore the reciprocal process of how EXM platforms configure and are reconfigured in hybrid work. Based on a case study of Microsoft Viva, an AI‐based EXM platform, we propose a conceptual model that identifies two dimensions of digital embeddedness: digital/human embeddedness and digital/workplace embeddedness. The study contributes to a theoretical understanding of digital embeddedness as a dynamic process whilst also showing the reconfiguration of hybrid work practices evidences a joint optimization. The study further contributes insights into how hybrid work, which resulted from the enforced remote work during the COVID‐19 pandemic, continues to emerge due to the digital embeddedness of EXM platforms in the flow of hybrid work.
Recurrent monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in a patient with myocarditis—Importance of understanding and targeting midmyocardial anatomic substrate
Authors: Tedrow Usha B. , Batnyam Uyanga , Hoyos Carolina , Romero Jorge E.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Patients with viral myocarditis can present with challenging life‐threatening arrhythmias. Catheter ablation can be a life‐saving procedure in some patients with recurrent drug‐refractory ventricular arrhythmias.

Methods and Results

A patient with three prior ablations targeting two different monomorphic ventricular tachycardias (MMVTs) presented with recurrent ventricular tachycardia (VT). Consequently, he underwent epicardial mapping with adjuvant AI‐enabled CT images with the creation of a three‐dimensional model, which demonstrated a midmyocardial scar. Fractionated potentials were noted during mapping in this region, and entrainment suggested an inner loop. Interestingly, pacing showed two different QRS morphologies identical to his previously ablated VTs with a long stim‐QRS at this region. Epicardial ablation carried on during the VT successfully terminated it, but the VT remained inducible and required endocardial ablation to make it noninducible.

Conclusion

This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing possible three‐dimensional VT circuits in some patients and the need to understand and target mid‐myocardial substrate from both the endocardium and epicardium to achieve the elimination of the VT circuits.
Model Selection Posterior Predictive Model Checking via Limited‐Information Indices for Bayesian Diagnostic Classification Modeling
Authors: Zhang Jihong , Templin Jonathan , Liang Xinya
Published: July 2024

Recently, Bayesian diagnostic classification modeling has been becoming popular in health psychology, education, and sociology. Typically information criteria are used for model selection when researchers want to choose the best model among alternative models. In Bayesian estimation, posterior predictive checking is a flexible Bayesian model evaluation tool, which allows researchers to detect Q‐matrix misspecification. However, model selection methods using posterior predictive checking (PPC) for Bayesian DCM are not well investigated. Thus, this research aims to propose a novel model selection approach using posterior predictive checking with limited‐information statistics for selecting the correct Q‐matrix. A simulation study was conducted to examine the performance of the proposed method. Furthermore, an empirical example was provided to illustrate how it can be used in real scenarios.
Behavior and damage potential of the newly emerged pest Myochrous armatus (Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae) on soybean plants in Brazil
Authors: Perini Clerison Regis , Pinheiro Jardel Silva , Rodrigues Agostinho Salgado , Grusler Patrick Luiz , Machado Dayanna do Nascimento
Published: July 2024

Myochrous armatus Baly, 1865 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) has expanded its occurrence significantly into soybean‐growing areas of Brazilian Cerrado and became an important early‐season soil pest. Experiments were performed under field conditions from 2020 to 2023 to assess several aspects: (1) population behaviour over crop season and offseason; (2) day/night behaviour during the early stages of soybean plants and (3) injury to plants and potential damage to soybean yield to establish the Economic Injury Level (EIL). Adults of the M. armatus population presented a season‐long abundance during the specific period from late October to January, with major captures in November and December (end of Spring), either inside or on the edge of soybean fields. Weeds and volunteer plants of corn and cotton hosts adults and eggs. These findings suggest an univoltine life cycle. Behavioural assessments revealed that M. armatus does not exhibit a specific day, night or crepuscular behaviour, performing deeds at any time. The majority of insects (40% to 70%) were found in the soil throughout the day and night. Adults feed on soybean plants by scraping or cutting the stem, cotyledon, petiole and apical sprouting. Their preference is initially for the stem and cotyledon (up to 14 days after emergence), and later for the petiole (after 21 days of emergence). After 7 days of coexistence at V1‐V3 soybean stages, we observed a potential yield reduction of 35% for each insect per plant. Dynamic EIL estimations are between 0.4 and 1.9 adults per row metre, depending on the grower productivity expectation, control costs and soybean market value. Our results are fundamental for establishing Integrated Pest Management for M. armatus in soybean and other crop systems.
Interdisciplinary treatment of a mutilated dentition with multiple missing teeth and horizontal impaction of a mandibular third molar using an orthodontic skeletal anchorage and dental implants—Case report
Authors: Lee Mi‐Young , Park Jae Hyun , Pang Kang‐Mi , Chang Na‐Young , Chae Jong‐Moon
Published: July 2024

Objective

This case report presents a female adult patient who exhibits poor oral hygiene, a mutilated dentition with multiple missing teeth, and skeletal asymmetry.

Clinical Considerations

Interdisciplinary treatment was necessary to maintain oral hygiene, treat caries, extract residual roots, and upright a horizontally impacted third molar using a miniplate. Additionally, orthodontic mini‐implants were utilized as anchorage to improve sagittal relationship and space closing. Space management was completed with orthodontic treatment, followed by restoration of the multiple missing teeth with dental implants.

Conclusion

Consequently, an esthetic smile and functional occlusion were achieved by interdisciplinary treatment using orthodontic skeletal anchorage devices and dental implants.

Clinical Significance

Missing mandibular first molar spaces were closed with retraction of the anterior teeth and protraction of the mandibular second molars using orthodontic mini‐implants. The mandibular right third molar, which should have erupted, was protracted with the second molar, while the horizontally impacted mandibular left third molar was uprighted using a miniplate and was protracted with an orthodontic mini‐implant. The missing maxillary lateral incisors were replaced with the maxillary canines, and the maxillary canines were replaced with the maxillary first premolars. The missing maxillary right second premolar and first molar and left first and second molars were successfully restored with dental implants.
Prevalence and characteristics of the ‘bad feeling’ among healthcare professionals in the context of emergency situations: A Bi‐Hospital Survey
Authors: Hölzing Carlos Ramon , van der Linde Julia , Kersting Stephan , Busemann Alexandra
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Clinical decision‐making is based on objective and subjective criteria, including healthcare workers impressions and feelings. This research examines the perception and implications of a ‘bad feeling’ experienced by healthcare professionals, focusing on its prevalence and characteristics.

Methods

A cross‐sectional paper‐based survey was conducted from January to July 2023 at the University Medicine Greifswald and the hospital Sömmerda involving physicians, nurses, medical students and trainees from various specialties. With ethics committee approval, participants were recruited and surveyed at regular clinical events. Data analysis was performed using SPSS® Statistics. The manuscript was written using the Strobe checklist.

Results

Out of 250 questionnaires distributed, 217 were valid for analysis after a 94.9% return rate and subsequent exclusions. Sixty‐five per cent of respondents experience the ‘bad feeling’ occasionally to frequently. There was a significant positive correlation between the frequency of ‘bad feeling’ and work experience. The predominant cause of this feeling was identified as intuition, reported by 79.8% of participants, with 80% finding it often helpful in their clinical judgement. Notably, in 16.1% of cases, the ‘bad feeling’ escalated in the further clinical course into an actual emergency. Furthermore, 60% of respondents indicated that this feeling occasionally or often serves as an early indicator of a potential, yet unrecognised, emergency in patient care.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the relevance of clinical experience to decision‐making. As an expression of this, there is a correlation between the frequency of a ‘bad feeling’ and the number of years of experience. It is recommended that the ‘bad feeling’ be deliberately acknowledged and reinforced as an early warning signal for emergency situations, given its significant implications for patient safety. Future initiatives could include advanced training and research, as well as tools such as pocket maps, to better equip healthcare professionals in responding to this intuition.
Distress tolerance is linked with substance use motivations and problems in young adults across four continents
Authors: Anderson Grace N. , Conway Christopher C. , Bravo Adrian J. ,   The Cross‐Cultural Addictions Study Team
Published: July 2024

Introduction

People low in trait distress tolerance are at higher risk for harmful patterns of substance use. Some evidence suggests that maladaptive motives for substance use account for this correlation. However, the generality of these associations remains in doubt because virtually all available data come from North American samples.

Method

Using data from 7 countries (total N = 5858; U.S., Argentina, Uruguay, Spain, South Africa, Canada, and England), we examined distress tolerance's association with alcohol‐ and cannabis‐related problems in young adults. On an exploratory basis, we examined how distress tolerance related to different substance‐use motivations.

Results

We found that distress tolerance was inversely related to problematic alcohol and cannabis use (rs = −0.14 and − 0.13). There was notable variation across countries in the magnitude of these effects, particularly for cannabis‐related problems. Additionally, exploratory analyses revealed statistically significant (cross‐sectional) indirect effects of distress tolerance on substance‐related problems via substance‐use motivations related to neutralizing negative emotions.

Conclusions

Distress tolerance's role in substance‐use problems appears to generalize beyond North America, although effect sizes were generally small and varied notably across geographical regions. Distress tolerance's connection with negative reinforcement processes (e.g., coping motives) warrants attention as a possible mediator of its association with problematic substance use.
Material deprivation is associated with liver stiffness and liver‐related outcomes in people with HIV
Authors: Long Clara , Cinque Felice , Kablawi Dana , Kim Dong Hyun Danny , Tadjo Thierry Fotsing , Elgretli Wesal , Ballesteros Luz Ramos , Lupu Amanda , Nudo Michael , Lebouché Bertrand , Kronfli Nadine , Cox Joseph , Costiniuk Cecilia T. , De Pokomandy Alexandra , Routy Jean‐Pierre , Klein Marina B. , Lamonde Frederic , Agnihotram Ramanakumar V. , Saeed Sahar , Sebastiani Giada
Published: July 2024

Background

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a driver of health disparities and chronic diseases. People with HIV (PWH) are at risk for chronic liver diseases. We evaluated the association between low SES and hepatic outcomes in PWH.

Methods

We included PWH from a prospective cohort. SES was assessed by the Pampalon material and social deprivation index to classify the cohort into quintiles of deprivation. Multivariable linear regression was used to investigate associations of material and social deprivation with liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) as markers of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis, respectively. Incidence of outcomes was evaluated through survival analysis.

Results

Among the 804 PWH included, 45% and 72% were living in areas of the highest material and social deprivation, respectively. Materially deprived PWH were more frequently female and of non‐white ethnicity and had higher prevalence of metabolic comorbidities. After adjustments, material deprivation correlated with increased LSM (β = 1.86, 95% CI 0.53–3.17) but not with CAP (β = 6.47, 95% CI −5.55–18.49). Patients were observed for a median follow‐up of 3.8 years. Incidence of liver‐related events was higher in most materially deprived compared to most privileged PWH (hazard ratio 3.03, 95% CI 1.03–8.92), while there was no difference in extrahepatic outcomes or all‐cause mortality. Social deprivation showed no association with either LSM or clinical outcomes.

Conclusions

Living in materially deprived neighbourhoods as a proxy for lower SES, is associated with LSM and liver‐related events in PWH. Future strategies should explore mechanisms underlying these relationships and whether enhanced material security improves hepatic outcomes.
A cyclic di‐GMP‐binding adaptor protein interacts with a N5‐glutamine methyltransferase to regulate the pathogenesis in Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri
Authors: Shi Yu , Cheng Tianfang , Cheang Qing Wei , Zhao Xiaoyan , Xu Zeling , Liang Zhao‐Xun , Xu Linghui , Wang Junxia
Published: July 2024

The second messenger cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (c‐di‐GMP) regulates a wide range of bacterial behaviours through diverse mechanisms and binding receptors. Single‐domain PilZ proteins, the most widespread and abundant known c‐di‐GMP receptors in bacteria, act as trans‐acting adaptor proteins that enable c‐di‐GMP to control signalling pathways with high specificity. This study identifies a single‐domain PilZ protein, XAC3402 (renamed N5MapZ), from the phytopathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), which modulates Xcc virulence by directly interacting with the methyltransferase HemK. Through yeast two‐hybrid, co‐immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescent staining, we demonstrated that N5MapZ and HemK interact directly under both in vitro and in vivo conditions, with the strength of the protein–protein interaction decreasing at high c‐di‐GMP concentrations. This finding distinguishes N5MapZ from other characterized single‐domain PilZ proteins, as it was previously known that c‐di‐GMP enhances the interaction between those single‐domain PilZs and their protein partners. This observation is further supported by the fact that the c‐di‐GMP binding‐defective mutant N5MapZR10A can interact with HemK to inhibit the methylation of the class 1 translation termination release factor PrfA. Additionally, we found that HemK plays an important role in Xcc pathogenesis, as the deletion of hemK leads to extensive phenotypic changes, including reduced virulence in citrus plants, decreased motility, production of extracellular enzymes and stress tolerance. Gene expression analysis has revealed that c‐di‐GMP and the HemK‐mediated pathway regulate the expression of multiple virulence effector proteins, uncovering a novel regulatory mechanism through which c‐di‐GMP regulates Xcc virulence by mediating PrfA methylation via the single‐domain PilZ adaptor protein N5MapZ.
ZmSPL10, ZmSPL14 and ZmSPL26 act together to promote stigmatic papilla formation in maize through regulating auxin signaling and ZmWOX3A expression
Authors: Kong Dexin , Jing Yifeng , Duan Yaping , He Mengqi , Ding Hui , Li Heying , Zhong Zhuojun , Zheng Zhigang , Fan Xiuying , Pan Xuan , Li Yanqun , Bai Mei , Li Xinjian , Luo Minhua , Xue Weicong , Zhang Xiaoming , Xu Xin , Yuan Yateng , Zou Ting , Chen Lihong , Ding Wenyan , Zhao Yongping , Wang Baobao , Wu Hong , Liu Qing , Wang Haiyang
Published: July 2024

Maize silk is a specialized type of stigma, covered with numerous papillae for pollen grain capture. However, the developmental process of stigmatic papillae and the underlying regulatory mechanisms have remained largely unknown.

Here, we combined the cytological, genetic and molecular studies to demonstrate that three homologous genes ZmSPL10, ZmSPL14 and ZmSPL26 play a central role in promoting stigmatic papilla formation in maize.

We show that their triple knockout mutants are nearly complete lack of stigmatic papilla, resulting in a severe reduction in kernel setting. Cellular examination reveals that stigmatic papilla is developed from a precursor cell, which is the smaller daughter cell resulting from asymmetric cell division of a silk epidermal cell. In situ hybridization shows that ZmSPL10, ZmSPL14 and their target genes SPI1, ZmPIN1b, ZmARF28 and ZmWOX3A are preferentially expressed in the precursor cells of stigmatic papillae. Moreover, ZmSPL10, ZmSPL14 and ZmSPL26 directly bind to the promoters of SPI1, ZmPIN1b, ZmARF28 and ZmWOX3A and promote their expression. Further, Zmwox3a knockout mutants display severe defects in stigmatic papilla formation and reduced seed setting.

Collectively, our results demonstrate that ZmSPL10, ZmSPL14 and ZmSPL26 act together to promote stigmatic papilla development through regulating auxin signaling and ZmWOX3A expression.
Björk to Morton to Aphex Twin: Music as a positive hyperobject
Authors: Andrews Gavin J.
Published: July 2024

In this commentary, I describe music as a ‘hyperobject’ – an object so massive, multi‐dimensional and vastly distributed in space and time, that it exceeds full apprehension and quantification and ultimately traditional understandings of what a thing is. I draw examples from my own experiences and from the special issue articles to convey how music possesses the five core properties of a hyperobject; being viscous, molten, non‐local, phased and interobjective. I argue that, in contrast to many other hyperobjects, music is one that generally exerts a positive force in the world.
What makes decomposition faster under conspecific trees? The factors controlling the magnitude of home‐field advantage
Authors: Daumal Maya Mischa , Oguro Michio , Ueda Miki U. , Takayanagi Sakino , Nakashizuka Tohru , Kurokawa Hiroko
Published: July 2024

The ‘home‐field advantage (HFA)' for decomposition means that leaf litter decomposes faster on soils under the conspecific species (i.e. the home field) than on soils under different species (i.e. ‘away'). Many previous studies have demonstrated the HFA, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We conducted a reciprocal litter‐decomposition experiment using two species with different leaf traits: Abies mariesii, an evergreen conifer, and Fagus crenata, a deciduous broad‐leaved tree. Dominance of these species shifts along an elevation gradient with a transition zone where both species coexist. In mixed forests of the transition zone along the elevation gradient, we explored how the magnitude of HFA between these two species was influenced by temperature, soil properties, or leaf litter traits which could directly affect the decomposition rate. The magnitude of HFA observed between the two species varied widely from −3.89 to 28.3%. Our modeling showed that the magnitude of HFA increased with decreasing soil pH and leaf litter N, i.e. in more acidic soil and for less decomposable litter. Soil pH affected leaf litter decomposition in the home plots of each species, whereas leaf litter N did not. The magnitude of the HFA increased as the difference in soil pH between the F. crenata and A. mariesii plots at the same elevation became greater, but decreased as the difference in soil C became greater. Thus, the response of leaf litter decomposition to environmental changes might vary not only through direct effects of vegetation traits but also through indirect effects of the HFA. This highlights the importance of considering HFA for accurately predicting the response of local carbon and nutrient cycles to climate change, particularly in communities where a replacement of dominant species by others is expected due to climate change.
Has the Operational Control Transfer of the ROK‐US Alliance Come to the Cul‐de‐sac? International and Domestic Factors That Explain Delays in an Alliance Policy
Authors: Lee Haneol
Published: July 2024

Strategic effects of military alliances notwithstanding, to assume that their policy will proceed without difficulties is problematic. The ROK‐US alliance began transferring the wartime operational control (OPCON) to the ROK in early 2003. However, the transfer did not proceed as planned, experiencing two delays in June 2010 and October 2014 with a significant format change to the Condition‐based OPCON Transition Plan (COT‐P), meaning the addition of prerequisites for the transfer and the death of the original parallel command structure. What have been the causes of these phenomena and resulting stagnation? This article argues that the allies' strategic consensus over the transfer and the policy coordination in the initiating ally are the main causes of the lethargy. Additionally, this study finds that the impact of the strategic consensus is greater than that of the ROK's policy coordination, as the former is demonstrated in all three indicators of the progress: timeliness, post‐transfer command structure, and the certification assessment through exercises.
Biochemical versus stomatal acclimation of dynamic photosynthetic gas exchange to elevated CO2 in three horticultural species with contrasting stomatal morphology
Authors: Zhang Ningyi , Berman Sarah R. , van den Berg Tom , Chen Yunke , Marcelis Leo F. M. , Kaiser Elias
Published: July 2024

Understanding photosynthetic acclimation to elevated CO2 (eCO2) is important for predicting plant physiology and optimizing management decisions under global climate change, but is underexplored in important horticultural crops. We grew three crops differing in stomatal density—namely chrysanthemum, tomato, and cucumber—at near‐ambient CO2 (450 μmol mol−1) and eCO2 (900 μmol mol−1) for 6 weeks. Steady‐state and dynamic photosynthetic and stomatal conductance (gs) responses were quantified by gas exchange measurements. Opening and closure of individual stomata were imaged in situ, using a novel custom‐made microscope. The three crop species acclimated to eCO2 with very different strategies: Cucumber (with the highest stomatal density) acclimated to eCO2 mostly via dynamic gs responses, whereas chrysanthemum (with the lowest stomatal density) acclimated to eCO2 mostly via photosynthetic biochemistry. Tomato exhibited acclimation in both photosynthesis and gs kinetics. eCO2 acclimation in individual stomatal pore movement increased rates of pore aperture changes in chrysanthemum, but such acclimation responses resulted in no changes in gs responses. Although eCO2 acclimation occurred in all three crops, photosynthesis under fluctuating irradiance was hardly affected. Our study stresses the importance of quantifying eCO2 acclimatory responses at different integration levels to understand photosynthetic performance under future eCO2 environments.
How to survive on Mediterranean coastal cliffs: tolerance to seawater in early life‐cycle stages in Brassica incana Ten. (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Laccetti L. , Salbitani G. , Lumaga M. R. B. , Bossa R. , Cerasuolo P. , Loreto F. , Manna M. , Carfagna S. , Scopece G.
Published: July 2024

Mediterranean coastal cliffs are reservoirs of plant biodiversity, hosting vulnerable plant species particularly exposed to the risk of local extinction due to extreme abiotic conditions and climate changes. Therefore, studies aiming to understand the tolerance of cliff plant species to abiotic stresses are important to predict their long‐time persistence or to highlight inherent threats.

We used an integrative approach including anatomical, physiological and phenotypic analyses on (a) seeds, (b) cotyledons of seedlings; and (c) young plants to assess whether the cliff species Brassica incana, can tolerate exposure to different seawater (SW: 25%, 50% and 100%) concentrations during the early stages of its life cycle.

Seeds could germinate when exposed to up to 50% SW. Seeds did not germinate in 100% SW, but could resume germination after washing with freshwater. Seed germination rate also decreased with increasing SW concentration. Exposure to SW decreased stomatal size and stomatal index of cotyledons and caused long‐lasting and severe damage to the photochemical reactions of photosynthesis. Photochemistry was also sensitive to SW in young plants, but the effect was lower than in cotyledons. This may involve a remodulation of chloroplast dimensions and activation of cellular metabolism. However, photochemical reactions limited photosynthesis at100% SW even after recovery from SW exposure.

Our data show that B. incana has strong tolerance to seawater and shows clear signs of halophytic adaptation. Whilst seeds and juvenile plants are able to withstand SW, the seedling stage appears to be more sensitive.
Volume and value of technological innovation: the role of corporate social responsibility and business architectural factors
Authors: Sun Wenbin , Rahman Mahabubur
Published: July 2024

The understanding of firm‐level drivers of technological innovation has been concentrated on a firm's core business related factors. How a firm's corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives impact a firm's technological innovation is notably understudied in the literature, even though business firms are increasingly recognizing the multifaceted impact of CSR on various corporate outcomes including technological advancements. This study bridges this gap by linking CSR to firm technological innovation as measured by both innovation volume and value. Furthermore, a set of business architectural factors, including market emphasis, related/unrelated diversification, and vertical integration, are incorporated as moderating factors to generate a granular understanding pertaining to CSR's innovation implications. We collected a large sample set, employed a series of robust empirical methods, and found that CSR has a consistently positive impact on both innovation volume and value, and the magnitude of these relationships differs across various business architectural factors. This study contributes to the innovation literature, strategic CSR theory, instrumental stakeholder theory, and provides useful guidelines for business practices.
Using near misses, artificial intelligence, and machine learning to predict maritime incidents: A U.S. Coast Guard case study
Authors: Madsen Peter M. , Dillon Robin L. , Morris Evan T.
Published: July 2024

Two recent trends made this project possible: (1) The recognition that near misses can be predictors of future negative events and (2) enhanced artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) tools that make data analytics accessible for many organizations. Increasingly, organizations are learning from prior incidents to improve safety and reduce accidents. The U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) uses a reporting system called the Marine Information for Safety and Law Enforcement (MISLE) database. Because many of the incidents that appear in this database are minor ones, this project initially focused on determining if near misses in MISLE could be predictors of future accidents. The analysis showed that recent near‐miss counts are useful for predicting future serious casualties at the waterway level. Using this finding, a predictive AI/ML model was built for each waterway type by vessel combination. Random forest decision tree AI/ML models were used to identify waterways at significant accident risk. An R‐based predictive model was designed to be run monthly, using data from prior months to make future predictions. The prediction models were trained on data from 2007 to 2022 and tested on 10 months of data from 2022, where prior months were added to test the next month. The overall accuracy of the predictions was 92%–99.9%, depending on model characteristics. The predictions of the models were considered accurate enough to be potentially useful in future prevention efforts for the USCG and may be generalizable to other industries that have near‐miss data and a desire to identify and manage risks.