bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do shoot anatomical characteristics allow rice to grow well under water deficit?
Authors: Ouyang Wenjing , Yin Xinyou , Yang Jianchang , Struik Paul C.
Published: June 2021

Increasing fresh water scarcity is a major constraint for rice (Oryza sativa) productivity under future climatic conditions. It is important to understand why rice cannot perform like other dryland cereals, when grown under drier soil conditions. The responses of plant growth, plant water status, leaf and stem anatomical attributes to soil water deficit were examined at two developmental stages of three rice and two wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars grown under three water regimes in a pot experiment. Yield and yield components were determined at plant maturity. The stress sensitivity of plant growth was slightly more prominent at vegetative than at flowering stages. Water deficit limited root growth but had little impact on above‐ground growth in rice plants. The xylem system of the leaves was more developed in rice than in wheat, but the opposite was true for the root xylem system. Compared with stem xylem attributes, leaf xylem attributes played a larger role in modulating leaf water potential under water deficit. In addition, the variation in yield response to water deficit between various types of rice, and between rice and wheat was closely associated with the response of leaf water potential to water deficit. To grow rice in drier conditions, its xylem system should be balanced by increasing root growth and modifying leaf anatomy.
The complexity of structural phase transitions in Pb(Hf0.92Sn0.08)O3 single crystals
Authors: Jankowska‐Sumara Irena , Ko Jae‐Hyeon , Majchrowski Andrzej
Published: June 2021

Pb(Hf1−xSnx)O3 single crystals with x = 0.08 were characterized using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and Raman scattering, in a wide temperature range. The information concerning the structure of two intermediate phases (IMs), situated between low‐temperature antiferroelectric A1 and high‐temperature paraelectric PE phases, was obtained. The lower temperature IM, A2, is characterized by incommensurate displacive modulations in the Pb sublattice. The higher temperature IM, is characterized by tilting of oxygen octahedra, and serious disorder coming from lead ions represented by X‐ray diffuse scattering. Optical phonons and phase transitions in Pb(Hf1−xSnx)O3 single crystals were investigated by temperature‐dependent Raman spectra. It was found that several soft modes control the phase transition between two antiferroelectric phases indicating its displacive character, whereas, in the paraelectric phase, both soft modes and Rayleigh scattering were observed.
Emotions during the Covid‐19 pandemic: Fear, anxiety, and anger as mediators between threats and policy support and political actions
Authors: Renström Emma A. , Bäck Hanna
Published: June 2021

The Covid‐19 pandemic has significantly changed the lives of most people. It has been described as the most severe global health disaster of modern times by the United Nations. No doubt such a major crisis influences what citizens think of different policies, and how they become politically active, not to mention, the forceful emotional experiences that the Covid‐19 pandemic brings. This study evaluates how emotions affect support for policies related to restricting the spread of the virus and economic assistance, and how emotions affect intentions to engage politically. In an experiment (N = 1,072), we manipulated emotional reactions to threat by highlighting different aspects of the pandemic. Our findings show that different experimental treatments elicit different emotions, and that fear, anxiety, and anger are all related to policy support and political action intentions, but in different ways. Fear and anger predict support for restrictive policies to limit the spread of the virus, while anxiety predicts support for economic policies. Anger and anxiety, but not fear, increase intentions to engage politically. Hence, we find support for a mechanism where different aspects of the Covid‐19 crisis evoke different emotional reactions, which in turn affects policy support and political actions differently.
Industry tournament incentives and corporate innovation
Authors: Nguyen Tu , Zhao Jing
Published: June 2021

Our paper examines the relationship between industry tournament incentives for CEOs and corporate innovation. We find that the external pay gap is positively associated with subsequent innovation output and its economic value. Our results are robust to using different industry classifications, alternative measures of industry tournament incentives and innovation, and various controls for corporate governance, business strategy, and CEO attributes. We employ a quasi‐natural experiment and an instrumental‐variable approach to mitigate endogeneity concerns. We also find evidence of a positive and significant relationship between industry tournament incentives and idiosyncratic risk. Overall, the evidence is consistent with our contention that aspirant CEOs undertake innovation projects which can generate uncertain but potentially rewarding outcomes that increase the likelihood of the aspirant standing out and winning the tournament or extracting the tournament‐induced benefits internally.
Expression profiles and potential roles of transfer RNA‐derived small RNAs in atherosclerosis
Authors: He Xiangqin , Yang Yanyan , Wang Qi , Wang Jueru , Li Shifang , Li Chunrong , Zong Tingyu , Li Xiaolu , Zhang Ying , Zou Yulin , Yu Tao
Published: June 2021

Knowledge regarding the relationship between the molecular mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis (AS) and transfer RNA‐derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) is limited. This study illustrated the expression profile of tsRNAs, thus exploring its roles in AS pathogenesis. Small RNA sequencing was performed with four atherosclerotic arterial and four healthy subject samples. Using bioinformatics, the protein‐protein interaction network and cellular experiments were constructed to predict the enriched signalling pathways and regulatory roles of tsRNAs in AS. Of the total 315 tsRNAs identified to be dysregulated in the AS group, 131 and 184 were up‐regulated and down‐regulated, respectively. Interestingly, the pathway of the differentiated expression of tsRNAs in cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) was implicated to be closely associated with AS. Particularly, tRF‐Gly‐GCC might participate in AS pathogenesis via regulating cell adhesion, proliferation, migration and phenotypic transformation in HUVECs and VSMCs. In conclusion, tsRNAs might help understand the molecular mechanisms of AS better. tRF‐Gly‐GCC may be a promising target for suppressing abnormal vessels functions, suggesting a novel strategy for preventing the progression of atherosclerosis.
Management of cutaneous side effects of inflammatory bowel disease therapy: A dermatologic viewpoint
Authors: Lee Justin , Lemons Noelle , Lorenze Alyssa , Chowdhary Tarika Sejal , Zinn Zachary , Gayam Swapna
Published: June 2021

Medications used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease cause a wide range of dermatologic side effects, and minimal guidance exists on how to manage them. The intention of this review article is to summarize common dermatologic adverse reactions related to inflammatory bowel disease therapy and to provide evidence‐based guidance on management. We conducted a scoping review using PubMed and Google Scholar to identify studies reporting clinical information on dermatologic side effects of medications used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. The most commonly reported dermatological adverse effects from inflammatory bowel disease therapy were cutaneous malignancy and cutaneous infections. Thiopurines, methotrexate, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, interleukin (IL)‐12/23 inhibitors, and integrin inhibitors can be continued if nonmelanoma skin cancer arises during therapy and the malignancy should be surgically excised. TNF inhibitors and IL‐12/23 inhibitors can be continued in the setting of stage I surgically resectable melanoma but should be discontinued in advanced melanoma. For complicated cutaneous bacterial infections, methotrexate and TNF inhibitors should be halted, and IV antibiotics should be administered. Complicated herpes zoster infection warrants discontinuation of TNF inhibitors, whereas IL‐12/23 and JAK inhibitors can be continued. Inflammatory bowel disease therapies are associated with several dermatological adverse effects, and management options vary by agent. Certain agents may require discontinuation in the setting of nonmelanoma skin cancer, melanoma, and cutaneous infections. Many other dermatological adverse effects from inflammatory bowel disease therapy require specialized management or referral to dermatology.
Association between depression and medication adherence in stroke survivor older adults
Authors: Srithumsuk Werayuth , Chaleoykitti Saisamorn , Jaipong Saitip , Pattayakorn Pinthusorn , Podimuang Kattiya
Published: June 2021

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the association between depression score and medication adherence in stroke survivor older adults.

Methods

The participants were 102 stroke survivor older adults. The outcome was medication adherence during a 6‐month follow‐up. The independent variable was the depression score which was assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9). The confounding factors included sociodemographic data, clinical characteristics, number of comorbidities, and number of medications. We analyzed the association between depression and medication adherence using multiple linear regression analyses.

Results

The PHQ‐9 score of stroke survivor older adults at the baseline was 1.11±2.03, and at the 6‐month follow‐up was increased to 5.06±3.91. The medication adherence mean score at the outcome was 4.15±1.83. After full adjustment, the PHQ‐9 scores at baseline and 6‐month follow‐up were significantly associated with medication adherence (β = −.315, 95% CI = −.483 to −.086, p = 0.006 and β = −.270, 95% CI = −.238 to −.020, p = 0.021, respectively). Other variables that affect medication adherence during a 6‐month follow‐up included living with others and a lower number of medications.

Conclusion

This study revealed that lower depression scores were associated with high medication adherence in post‐stroke older adults. Additionally, living with others and a lower number of medications were associated with medication adherence. Therefore, stroke survivor older adults should be assessed for depression and given medication, and education should be used to improve mediation adherence, especially for the ones who live alone and have polypharmacy to prevent recurrent stroke.
Intralesional pentoxifylline, triamcinolone acetonide, and their combination for treatment of keloid scars
Authors: Serag‐Eldin Yasmin Magdy Abdulrahman , Mahmoud Wael Hussein , Gamea Mohamed Mahmoud , Hegab Doaa Salah
Published: June 2021

Background

Keloids are common fibroproliferative tumors, and their treatment still represents a dilemma. Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (TAC) injection is effective, but frequently associated with side effects. Pentoxifyllin (PTX) is a vasodilator, anti‐inflammatory, and antifibrotic agent. Its intralesional injection in keloids has not been evaluated yet.

Aims

Evaluating the efficacy and safety of intralesional PTX versus intralesional TAC and their combination for treatment of keloids.

Patients/Methods

Thirty patients with keloids were divided into three equal groups and treated by intralesional injection of TAC, PTX, or their combination (admixed in 1:1 ratio). Injections were repeated every 3 weeks until lesional flattening or for maximum of 5 sessions. The evaluation was done using the Vancouver Scar Scale and the Verbal Rating Scale for pain and itching.

Results

A significant improvement in VSS was detected in all groups. Significantly better improvements in keloid height, pliability, pain, and itching were detected in the TAC and combination groups than in the PTX group. There was a significantly higher incidence of side effects (atrophy, hypopigmentation, telangiectasia, and precipitation of TAC) in the TAC group than in the combination group, while no side effects were reported in the PTX group. A statistically significant reduction in the number of treatment sessions (required to achieve best results) was detected in patients in the combination group.

Conclusions

Intralesional injection of PTX is a potentially helpful, safe, and well‐tolerated therapeutic tool for keloids, but with lower efficacy than intralesional TAC when used solely. Combining PTX and TAC produces significantly better results for keloid treatment and lowers the risk of TAC‐induced side effects.
Emotional experience of the diagnostic process of a rare disease and the perception of support systems: A scoping review
Authors: Llubes‐Arrià Laia , Sanromà‐Ortíz Montserrat , Torné‐Ruiz Alba , Carillo‐Álvarez Elena , García‐Expósito Judith , Roca Judith
Published: June 2021

Aims and objective

To explore the experience of adult patients and adult patients’ families, and their perception of the support systems received during the diagnostic process of rare diseases.

Background

There are about 7,000 rare diseases that affect 7% of the world's population. Rare diseases are often underdiagnosed. This has been reported to have deleterious physical and psychological consequences in both the patients and their families, especially when institutional support during this process is low.

Design

A scoping review was carried out following the 6‐phase model proposed by Arksey & O’Malley and Levac et al., including the consultation phase in which patients diagnosed with rare diseases were interviewed to seek their views on the bibliographic evidence reviewed and their experience during the diagnostic process.

Methods

The databases consulted were PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, OpenGrey, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. They were explored from inception–July 2020, and qualitative, quantitative and mixed method studies were included. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used for the critical evaluation of the articles. The review was based on the guidance in the PRISMA‐ScR statement.

Results

The initial search identified 2,350 articles, of which 20 fully met the inclusion criteria and were therefore reviewed. In this analysis appeared two dimensions: internal factors: emotional aspects, and external factors: resources and support systems.

Relevance to clinical

This review provides evidence on the emotional impact of the diagnostic process and during the communication phase of the definitive diagnosis. Health systems and professionals must be strengthened in order to improve the information, training and resources. Nurses can play a key role in coordinating communication and follow‐up of those affected.
The impact of COVID‐19‐related mental health issues on menstrual cycle characteristics of female healthcare providers
Authors: Takmaz Taha , Gundogmus Ibrahim , Okten Sabri Berkem , Gunduz Anil
Published: June 2021

Aim

To investigate the association between menstrual cycle regularity in healthcare providers and COVID‐19 pandemic‐related anxiety, depression, stress.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted by administrating online questionnaires to female healthcare workers in Turkey. Women aged 18–40 years with regular menstrual cycles for more than 1 year before the beginning of the pandemic were included in the study and they were divided into two groups according to menstrual cycle regularity during the pandemic. The questionnaires included sociodemographic characteristics, medical and reproductive history, lifestyle information of participants, COVID‐19 Stress Scales (CSS), and a short version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS‐21).

Results

A total of 952 women were included in the study, 679 had regular menstrual cycles, and 273 had irregular menstrual cycles. The prevalence of irregular menses among Turkish women healthcare workers aged 18–40 years was 28.7%. The CSS subdimensions and total scores were significantly higher in the irregular menstruation group than in women with regular menstruation (p < 0.001). The DASS‐21 depression, anxiety, and stress subdimensions were likewise significantly higher in women with irregular menstruation (p < 0.001). Besides, both the univariable and the multivariable logistic regression results showed the relationship between irregular menstruation and CSS total score.

Conclusion

The current study showed the association between the COVID‐19 pandemic‐induced anxiety, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and increased prevalence of menstrual cycle irregularity among healthcare providers.
Improved taste and texture in novel popcorn varieties compared to conventional lines
Authors: Parsons Leandra , Rodriguez Oscar , Holding David R.
Published: June 2021

Quality Protein Popcorn (QPP) varieties were bred out of a unique germplasm pool derived from Quality Protein dent Maize and conventional popcorn lines. To identify and compare distinctive characteristics within this population, a new sensory method was employed that coupled hedonic numeric rankings of common sensory traits appearance, aroma, texture, and taste with an “overall likability” score while requiring the selection of specific descriptors for taste and texture. Participants tasted six popcorn cultivars, rated each sample based on sensory factors, and offered specific descriptors for taste and texture. This sensory method identified two QPP hybrids with higher overall likability rankings likely attributed to the diversified and improved taste and texture of QPP compared to the controls. The experimental design employed for this descriptive analysis was successful in identifying trait correlations, potential consumer preferences, and ranking of product acceptability and may serve as an efficient model for other sensory studies.

Practical Application

Quality Protein Popcorn cultivars are novel products due to their unique genetic composition of elite popcorn and Quality Protein Maize dent maize. To evaluate consumer acceptability of these novel products, a new method for the sensory evaluation of common traits—appearance, aroma, texture, taste, and overall likability—was generated to identify desirable popcorn hybrids and correlations between overall likability and certain sensory attributes. Utilizing a numerical ranking system and categorical key descriptors, this study identified desirable popcorn characteristics and suggested explanations for these attributes. The evaluation format and experimental design employed enabled the identification of significant differences, trends, and correlations between traits and overall likability in a tested population of 112. These methods are easily transferable and may serve as an efficient model for other sensory studies identifying trait correlations, consumer preferences, and ranking of product acceptability.
Melatonin and other indoles show antiviral activities against swine coronaviruses in vitro at pharmacological concentrations
Authors: Zhai Xiaofeng , Wang Ningning , Jiao Houqi , Zhang Jie , Li Chaofan , Ren Wenkai , Reiter Russel J. , Su Shuo
Published: June 2021

The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), highlights major gaps in our knowledge on the prevention control and cross‐species transmission mechanisms of animal coronaviruses. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV) are three common swine coronaviruses and have similar clinical features. In the absence of effective treatments, they have led to significant economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. We reported that indoles exerted potent activity against swine coronaviruses, the molecules used included melatonin, indole, tryptamine, and L‐tryptophan. Herein, we did further systematic studies with melatonin, a ubiquitous and versatile molecule, and found it inhibited TGEV, PEDV, and PDCoV infection in PK‐15, Vero, or LLC‐PK1 cells by reducing viral entry and replication, respectively. Collectively, we provide the molecular basis for the development of new treatments based on the ability of indoles to control TGEV, PEDV, and PDCoV infection and spread.
Comparison effects of chronic sleep deprivation on juvenile and young adult mice
Authors: Li Yaqing , Xiao Xi , Wang Ling , Wang Qian , Liang Rong , Zheng Chenguang , Yang Jiajia , Ming Dong
Published: June 2021

Sleeplessness leads to a spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders, affecting both juveniles and young adults. Studies have shown different sleep patterns at different stages of development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of the same chronic sleep deprivation (CSD) on behaviours of juveniles and young adults remain elusive. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of CSD (6 days, 19 h per day) on anxiety‐like behaviour, cognitive performance and molecular alterations in juvenile and young adult mice. Change in body weight suggested impaired physical development in CSD animals, specifically juveniles gaining weight at a lower rate and young adults losing weight. Behavioural performance indicated that CSD had little effect on spatial memory, but induced analogous anxiety‐like phenotypes in both juveniles and young adults, as evidenced by no significant difference in the Y‐maze experiment (Y‐M) or the Morris water maze experiment (MWM), as well as the decreased open‐arm distance percentage in the elevated plus maze experiment (EPM). In addition, CSD reduced the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartic receptor subunit 2B (NR2B) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) levels in juveniles, but these were increased in young adults. In conclusion, our results suggested that although CSD resulted in analogous anxiety‐like behaviours in both juvenile and young adult mice, the underlying mechanisms might be different, which was indicated by the opposite change of synaptic proteins under CSD. These findings may help to better understand the important role of sleep and have constructive significance for human health.
Do sleep changes mediate the anti‐depressive and anti‐suicidal response of intravenous ketamine in treatment‐resistant depression?
Authors: Rodrigues Nelson B. , McIntyre Roger S. , Lipsitz Orly , Cha Danielle S. , Cao Bing , Lee Yena , Gill Hartej , Lui Leanna M. W. , Cubała Wiesław J. , Ho Roger , Shekotikhina Margarita , Teopiz Kayla M. , Subramaniapillai Mehala , Kratiuk Kevin , Mansur Rodrigo B. , Rosenblat Joshua D.
Published: June 2021

Sleep disturbances are commonly reported in patients with treatment‐resistant depression (TRD). Available data have shown that intravenous (IV) ketamine is an effective treatment for patients with TRD and growing data suggest ketamine may improve overall sleep architecture. In the present study, we evaluated whether changes in sleep symptoms mediated the anti‐depressive and/or anti‐suicidal effects of IV ketamine and whether improvement in sleep correlated with a higher likelihood of achieving response or remission. Adults with TRD received four infusions of IV ketamine at a community‐based clinic. Total depressive symptom severity was measured with the Quick Inventory Depressive Symptoms Self‐Report 16‐Item (QIDS‐SR16) at baseline and was repeated across four infusions. Suicidal ideation (SI) and four sleep symptoms were measured using the SI item and the five sleep items on the QIDS‐SR16. A total of 323 patients with TRD received IV ketamine. Self‐reported improvements in insomnia, night‐time restlessness, hypersomnia, early morning waking, and total sleep were significant partial mediators to the improvements observed in depression severity. Similarly, insomnia, night‐time restlessness, early morning waking and total sleep improvements mediated the reduction of IV ketamine on SI. All sleep items, except for hypersomnia, were associated with an increased likelihood of achieving response or remission. Notably, each point improvement in total sleep score was significantly associated with achieving responder/remitter status (odds ratio 3.29, 95% confidence interval 2.00–5.41). Insomnia, sleep restlessness, early morning waking and total sleep improvements were significant mediators of antidepressant and anti‐suicidal improvements in patients with TRD receiving IV ketamine.
Trophic interactions and metal transfer in marine ecosystems driven by the Peruvian scallop Argopecten purpuratus aquaculture
Authors: Loaiza Iván , De Boeck Gudrun , Alcazar Juan , Campos Diego , Cárdenas‐Alayza Susana , Ganoza María , Gómez‐Sanchez Muriel , Miglio María , De Troch Marleen
Published: June 2021

This study investigates the trophic interactions and As and Cd transfer along seven marine ecosystems in Peru. Five of these ecosystems are driven by aquaculture of the Peruvian scallop Argopecten purpuratus. A southward increased gradient of δ15N was observed among the three examined regions along the Peruvian coast. The stable isotope analysis in R (SIAR)‐stable isotope mixing models helped to clarify the feeding ecology of A. purpuratus and its important predators (e.g., Bursa ventricosa, Romaleon setosum). The food items of A. purpuratus can be ranked in decreasing order of importance: seston > sediment > particulate organic matter (POM) > brackish‐and‐fresh water POM input, while A. purpuratus itself was found to be the main prey item for predators. The highest trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were 1.46 and 1.07 for As and Cd, respectively, and were both found at the location in front of the Illescas Reserve Zone (northern Peru). Metal biomagnification and non‐biomagnification effects were found in the Peruvian marine food webs, but A. purpuratus always fitted the trophic metal magnification or bio‐dilution regression model as intermediate consumer and/or prey. The TMFs and linear metal relationships implied that As contamination is a serious concern in marine ecosystems in Peru.
Michelia retusa (Magnoliaceae), a critically endangered new species from Hainan, China
Authors: Wang Qing‐Long , Tong Yi‐Hua , Wang Zhu‐Nian , Xia Nian‐He
Published: June 2021

Michelia retusa (Magnoliaceae), a critically endangered new species from Hainan, China is described. This species is similar to M. yunnanensis, but differs from the latter in having obovate‐oblong, elliptic, obovate or obcordate leaf blades with usually emarginated apexes, petioles without a stipular scar and flowers with smaller outer tepals, longer stamens and glabrous carpels.
New and noteworthy species of Ophiopogon and Peliosanthes (Asparagaceae) from Laos, Vietnam and Thailand
Authors: Averyanov Leonid V. , Tanaka Noriyuki , Nguyen Khang Sinh , Maisak Tatiana V. , Nuraliev Maxim S. , Vislobokov Nikolay A. , Romanov Mikhail S. , Son Hoang Thanh
Published: June 2021

We describe and illustrate Ophiopogon robustus and Peliosanthes rubra from northern Laos and P. convallarioides from central Vietnam as species new to science. Ophiopogon robustus is close to O. platyphyllus from southern China, P. rubra is similar to P. densiflora from Laos and P. convallarioides is close to P. argenteostriata from Laos and Vietnam. We reduce P. lucida described from northern Vietnam to P. dasystachys. Finally, we record and illustrate P. campanulata from Thailand, and provide new data on the distribution of P. teta in Laos and Vietnam.
A hierarchical, multivariate meta‐analysis approach to synthesising global change experiments
Authors: Ogle Kiona , Liu Yao , Vicca Sara , Bahn Michael
Published: June 2021

Meta‐analyses enable synthesis of results from globally distributed experiments to draw general conclusions about the impacts of global change factors on ecosystem function. Traditional meta‐analyses, however, are challenged by the complexity and diversity of experimental results. We illustrate how several key issues can be addressed by a multivariate, hierarchical Bayesian meta‐analysis (MHBM) approach applied to information extracted from published studies.

We applied an MHBM to log‐response ratios for aboveground biomass (AB, n = 300), belowground biomass (BB, n = 205) and soil CO2 exchange (SCE, n = 544), representing 100 studies. The MHBM accounted for study duration, climate effects and covariation among the AB, BB and SCE responses to elevated CO2 (eCO2) and/or warming.

The MHBM revealed significant among‐study covariation in the AB and BB responses to experimental treatments. The MHBM imputed missing duration (4.2%) and climate (6%) data, and revealed that climate context governs how eCO2 and warming impact ecosystem function. Predictions identified biomes that may be particularly sensitive to eCO2 or warming, but that are under‐represented in global change experiments.

The MHBM approach offers a flexible and powerful tool for synthesising disparate experimental results reported across multiple studies, sites and response variables.
Young adults' romantic investment behaviors on social media
Authors: Marcotte Alexandra S. , Gesselman Amanda N. , Reynolds Tania A. , Garcia Justin R.
Published: June 2021

According to Rusbult's (1980) investment model, relationships are built and maintained through continual investment in one partner over potential alternative partners. Social media have continued to become more integrated into people's personal lives, with romantic relationship processes often unfolding in this new landscape. A large body of extant literature has explored how social media influence ongoing romantic relationships, but less is known about how social media facilitate relationship transitions (i.e., initiation, dissolution) and associated investment behaviors. In a large and diverse sample (N = 1521), we examine young adults' (18–29 years) social media investment behaviors around the beginnings and ends of their relationships, with a particular focus on how gender, age, and sexual orientation influence behaviors such as posting and removing of images with partners, following and un‐following partners and members of partners' social networks, direct messaging, and commenting on partners' posts. Our results suggest that men and sexual minorities more often engage in investment behaviors earlier in the relationship and after relationship dissolution. However, women and sexual minorities more often engage in disinvestment behaviors after dissolution, including removing traces of an ex‐partner from one's page and blocking them on social media entirely. Our results provide further understanding of how young American adults are enacting each relationship stage on social media and how the intersection of social media and romantic relationships differs by demographic factors.
Photogrammetric Record Microsoft Word Template
Authors: Author Arthur , Author Maria J. , Author S.
Published: June 2021

This is an example of an original article in the layout expected by The Photogrammetric Record. The abstract is a concise summary of the essential elements of the paper and should not contain detailed results. It should be no longer than 150 words. This template indicates how a paper submitted to the journal should be structured and formatted, including figures, tables, mathematics and references.
Nationalistic bias among international experts: evidence from professional ski jumping*
Authors: Krumer Alex , Otto Felix , Pawlowski Tim
Published: June 2021

Ski jumping competitions involve subjective evaluations by judges from different countries. This might lead to nationalistic bias, according to which judges assign higher scores to their compatriots. To test this claim empirically, we exploit within‐performance variation of scores from all World Cup, World Championship, and Olympic Games competitions between the 2010/11 and 2016/17 seasons. Our findings confirm that judges assign significantly higher scores to their compatriots. The magnitude of this nationalistic bias is significantly higher in more corrupt countries. We do not find that judges assign significantly different scores to jumpers whose compatriots are present on the judging panel.
Spectral ecologies: De/extinction in the Pyrenees
Authors: Searle Adam
Published: June 2021

How is extinction problematised through biotechnological and ecological interventions, and how might such mediations elucidate different understandings of biotic loss and recovery? The bucardo – an endemic ibex from the Pyrenees – is the only extinct animal to have ever been cloned, and for seven short minutes in 2003, “extinction was not forever.” Using the bucardo’s extinction as a starting point, rather than an ending, this paper addresses the “spectral ecologies” of the Pyrenees. Drawing on interviews and extensive ethnographic work conducted in Spain and France, I discuss the implications of this cloning project, and examine the various ways in which it is contested. Speculative futures of bucardo clones “returning” to the Pyrenees seem unlikely, however, following the successful introductions of another subspecies of ibex to the French Pyrenees in 2014. Such events – following the mobilities and geographies of the ibex themselves – invalidate justifications for cloning in conservation. Spectral ecologies are characterised through the unsettling of – and departures from – linear temporalities. I broaden the ontological scope of species resurrection to attend to phenotypic shifts associated with ecological restoration projects, which I call “de/extinction.” De/extinction unsettles a range of epistemological assumptions concerning two of conservation’s key concepts: species and extinction. Introduced ibex in the Pyrenees are beginning to resemble the defining features of bucardo with every new generation, a fascinating reworking of the bucardo’s absence. The figure of the ghost brings to the fore multiple pasts and futures, human and nonhuman, materialising and affecting bodies in spectral ecologies. This case offers a theoretical advance to the field of extinction studies and cultural geographies in considering different meanings of “the end,” and the imagined futures of “lost” biota.
Equivariant -absorption theorem for exact groups
Authors: Suzuki Yuhei
Published: June 2021

We show that, up to strong cocycle conjugacy, every countable exact group admits a unique equivariantly$\mathcal {O}_{2}$-absorbing, pointwise outer action on the Cuntz algebra$\mathcal {O}_{2}$with the quasi-central approximation property (QAP). In particular, we establish the equivariant analogue of the Kirchberg$\mathcal {O}_{2}$-absorption theorem for these groups.
Acoustic measurement and statistical characterization of direct-printed, variable-porosity aluminum foams
Authors: Konarski Stephanie G. , Rohde Charles A. , Gotoh Ryohei , Roberts Scott N. , Naify Christina J.
Published: June 2021

Additive manufacturing has expanded greatly in recent years with the promise of being able to create complex and custom structures at will. Enhanced control over the microstructure properties, such as percent porosity, is valuable to the acoustic design of materials. In this work, aluminum foams are fabricated using a modified powder bed fusion method, which enables voxel-by-voxel printing of structures ranging from fully dense to approximately 50% porosity. To understand the acoustic response, samples are measured in an acoustic impedance tube and characterized with the Johnson–Champoux–Allard–Lafarge model for rigid-frame foams. Bayesian statistical inversion of the model parameters is performed to assess the applicability of commonly employed measurement and modeling methods for traditional foams to the additively manufactured, low porosity aluminum foams. This preliminary characterization provides insights into how emerging voxel-by-voxel additive manufacturing approaches could be used to fabricate acoustic metal foams and what could be learned about the microstructure using traditional measurement and analysis techniques.
Daily Mindfulness Is Associated With Recovery Processes Among Coaches—A 4-Week Diary Study
Authors: Pawsey Fleur , Wong Jennifer Hoi Ki , Kenttä Göran , Näswall Katharina
Published: June 2021

Sport coaching is a profession that is often demanding and one in which psychological burnout is problematic. Recovery from work demands is known to be important in preventing burnout, but research has paid little attention to short-term recovery for coaches. The present study therefore focused on day-to-day recovery. Specifically, the authors investigated the role of mindfulness in recovery, given previously established empirical relationships between mindfulness and recovery processes. The authors used an intensive diary study design to gather daily data from a sample of 46 sport coaches, over a period of 28 consecutive days. Multilevel modeling allowed data analysis at the intraindividual level, providing insights into daily recovery processes for individual coaches. The results showed that increases in daily mindfulness, relative to coaches’ individual mean levels, were predictive of higher levels of recovery-related variables (energy and mood) through mechanisms of reduced rumination and improved sleep. The present study highlights mindfulness as a potential path to daily recovery and the prevention of burnout among coaches. The study lays groundwork for the investigation of mindfulness training as a recovery-promoting intervention for coaches, potentially through easily accessible means, such as app-based training delivery and the incorporation of informal mindfulness practice into daily activities.
An Exploration of Recruitment of Elite Athletes to Coaching Within Federations
Authors: Chroni Stiliani “Ani” , Dieffenbach Kristen , Pettersen Sigurd
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study was to explore what sport federations look for when recruiting elite athletes into coaching, and what resources are offered to retiring elite athletes transitioning to coaching careers. The authors interviewed 10 federation officials representing eight different sports, winter and summer, individual and team sports. Thematic analysis was employed and four “what recruiters look for” higher-order themes were found, including: having the whole package essential for coaching, personal attributes displayed in their time as an athlete, singular dedication to the sport, and knowing them from their time as an athlete. Three higher-order themes surrounding resources were identified, on the support provided to those going from athlete-to-coach to facilitate a stable start, professional development, and holistic wellbeing. These resources were also considered in relation to the phase at which they were offered in the transition process, such as upon hiring, early on in the career, and as ongoing ones. While a standard or universal approach to this does not appear to exist, practices and approaches were identified here that were considered within the scope of the existing research and can be used to inform future coach development work.
Vigorously Cited: A Bibliometric Analysis of the 500 Most Cited Physical Activity Articles
Authors: Memon Aamir R. , To Quyen G. , Vandelanotte Corneel
Published: June 2021

Background: To date, no citation analysis has been conducted in the physical activity field, which can contribute to assess the impact of this research field and identify knowledge gaps. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the 500 most cited physical activity publications and report their bibliometric characteristics. Methods: The Web of Science database (all database indexes) was searched, and bibliometric characteristics were imported and calculated. Results: A total of 520 publications were ranked as the top 500. The sum of the citations was 326,258, and the average citation density was 41.0 (45.1) citations per year. Original research articles constituted the major portion of included publications (53.7%; 170,774 citations). Papers reporting relationship of physical activity with health were the most prevalent type of publication included (43.7%; 141,027 citations). Journal impact factor had a weak but significant positive correlation with citation density (r = .12; P = .006). The United States was ranked first in terms of the contributions from institutions and authors contributing to the most cited physical activity papers. Conclusions: Top physical activity publications are well cited compared with other health behavior fields. Original research reporting on the associations between physical activity and health has a higher citation impact compared with other types of original research within the physical activity field. The physical activity research field continues to expand rapidly as newer publications attract more citations in a shorter time span compared with older publications.
Physical Activity, Fitness, School Readiness, and Cognition in Early Childhood: A Systematic Review
Authors: St. Laurent Christine W. , Burkart Sarah , Andre Chloe , Spencer Rebecca M.C.
Published: June 2021

Background: Early childhood is an important age for brain and cognitive development. Given the support of physical activity and fitness on cognition and academic performance in older children, more research has emerged recently focusing on younger children. In this systematic review, the authors review the relations between physical activity/fitness and academic-related (ie, school readiness and cognitive) outcomes in early childhood. Methods: A search was conducted from PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, ERIC databases, and reference lists for articles that had participants aged less than 6 years were written in English, and were in peer-reviewed journals. Articles were excluded if the design was a case study or case series report. The Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework was followed to assess the quality of evidence by study design. Results: Sixty-eight articles reporting on 72 studies (29 observational and 43 experimental) were included. The majority of study effects were mixed, and the quality of evidence varied from very low to low. Conclusions: A clear consensus about the role of physical activity and fitness on academic-related outcomes in early childhood is still lacking given the high heterogeneity in methodological approaches and overall effects. Additional high-quality studies are needed to determine what specific dosages of physical activity are impactful at this age.
Mothers of invention
Authors: Murray Fiona
Published: June 2021

Women are more likely than men to invent for women, but obstacles limit their participation in the innovation system
Pathways to coastal retreat
Authors: Haasnoot Marjolijn , Lawrence Judy , Magnan Alexandre K.
Published: June 2021

The shrinking solution space for adaptation calls for long-term dynamic planning starting now
Decolonize climate adaptation research
Authors: Bronen Robin , Cochran Patricia
Published: June 2021

Climate-forced population displacement is among the greatest human rights issues of our time, presenting unprecedented challenges to communities and the governments responsible for protecting them. Sea level rise, heat, drought, and wildfires will cause people to move, losing homes and places they love, often with no ability to return. Indigenous Peoples have done the least to cause this crisis and face the loss of lands and connections to ancestral, cultural, and spiritual heritage. To ensure that their right to self-determination is protected and the horrific legacy of government-forced relocations is not repeated, communities must lead and define research on climate-forced displacement and managed retreat that involves them and the lands upon which they dwell and subsist. A focus on human rights, and decolonization of research to change institutional structures of knowledge production, can help communities define their future in a climate-altered world.
Marye Anne Fox (1947–2021)
Authors: Continetti Robert E.
Published: June 2021

Groundbreaking organic chemist and educator
To Make or Take: Bacterial Lipid Homeostasis during Infection
Authors: Adams Felise G. , Trappetti Claudia , Waters Jack K. , Zang Maoge , Brazel Erin B. , Paton James C. , Snel Marten F. , Eijkelkamp Bart A.
Published: June 2021

Acinetobacter baumannii
is one of the world’s most problematic superbugs and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the hospital environment. The critical need for new antimicrobial strategies is recognized, but our understanding of its behavior and adaptation to a changing environment during infection is limited.
The Membrane Composition Defines the Spatial Organization and Function of a Major Acinetobacter baumannii Drug Efflux System
Authors: Zang Maoge , MacDermott-Opeskin Hugo , Adams Felise G. , Naidu Varsha , Waters Jack K. , Carey Ashley B. , Ashenden Alex , McLean Kimberley T. , Brazel Erin B. , Jiang Jhih-Hang , Panizza Alessandra , Trappetti Claudia , Paton James C. , Peleg Anton Y. , Köper Ingo , Paulsen Ian T. , Hassan Karl A. , O’Mara Megan L. , Eijkelkamp Bart A.
Published: June 2021

Antimicrobial resistance is an emerging global health crisis. Consequently, we have a critical need to prolong our current arsenal of antibiotics, in addition to the development of novel treatment options.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two
Rhodococcus
sp. Strains with Large and Linear Chromosomes, Isolated from Apple Rhizosphere
Authors: Benning Sarah , Brugnone Nicolò , Siani Roberto , Kublik Susanne , Schloter Michael , Rad Viviane
Published: June 2021

Members of the genus
Rhodococcus
are usually able to catalyze a number of processes, which are of great interest for ecosystem performance as well as biotechnology. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of two
Rhodococcus
strains that were isolated from rhizosphere soil from an apple orchard in northern Germany.
Prandtl’s Secondary Flows of the Second Kind. Problems of Description, Prediction, and Simulation
Authors: Nikitin N. V. , Popelenskaya N. V. , Stroh A.
Published: June 2021

Abstract—

The occurrence of turbulent pulsations in straight pipes of noncircular cross-section leads to the situation, when the average velocity field includes not only the longitudinal component but also transverse components that form a secondary flow. This hydrodynamic phenomenon discovered at the twenties of the last century (J. Nikuradse, L. Prandtl) has been the object of active research to the present day. The intensity of the turbulent secondary flows is not high; usually, it is not greater than 2–3% of the characteristic flow velocity. Nevertheless, their contribution to the processes of transverse transfer of momentum and heat is comparable to that of turbulent pulsations. In this paper, a review of experimental, theoretical, and numerical studies of secondary flows in straight pipes and channels is given. Emphasis is placed on the issues of revealing the physical mechanisms of secondary flow formation and developing the models of the apriori assessment of their forms. The specific features of the secondary flow development in open channels and channels with inhomogeneously rough walls are touched upon. The approaches of semiempirical simulation of turbulent flows in the presence of secondary flows are discussed.
Invasive para-aorticCandida glabrata: a multidisciplinary management challenge
Authors: Miller Robert , Harris Susie , Porter Robert , Burnett Hannah
Published: June 2021

A 69-year-old man was admitted with recurrent fungal bloodstream infection on a background of abdominal aneurysm, diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Investigations revealed a para-aortic mass, previously thought to be lymphoma, which was culture positive forCandida glabrataon biopsy. Diagnosis and management involved multidisciplinary teamwork, diagnostic uncertainty and significant risk taking.