bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trophic structure of a floodplain fish assemblage in the upper Amazon basin, Bolivia.
Authors: Rejas Alurralde Danny César
Published: October 2018

Amazonian fish assemblages are typically high in species diversity and trophic complexity. Stable isotopes are valuable tools to describe the trophic structure of such assemblages, providing useful information for conservation and ecological management. This study aimed at estimating the relative contribution of the different basal carbon sources to the diet of primary consumer fishes (herbivores and detritivores), and determining the trophic position (TP) of the dominant fishes from each trophic guild (herbivores, detritivores, invertivores and piscivores). For this purpose we analyzed stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) in potential food sources, and muscle tissue of fishes in five oxbow lakes located in the floodplain of River Ichilo, Bolivia. Terrestrial plants and C3 aquatic macrophytes were the major carbon source contributing to the diet of herbivorous fishes, whereas particulate organic matter (POM) contributed more to the diet of detritivore fishes. In general, C4 aquatic macrophytes contributed little to the diet of herbivores and detritivores. However, we found a relatively high contribution of C4 macrophytes (28 %) to the diet of the herbivores Mylossoma duriventre and Schizodon fasciatus. We found a good agreement between our estimated TP values and the trophic group assigned based on diet composition from literature. The herbivore M. duriventre was at the bottom of the food web, being the baseline organism (TP = 2). The remaining primary consumers (herbivores and algivore/detritivores) exhibited relatively high TP values (2.3 - 2.9), probably due to their opportunistic feeding behavior. Omnivore/invertivore species studied displayed TP values near the 3.0 value expected for secondary consumers. Piscivore fishes were at the top TP, with TP values varying from 3.3 (Serrasalmus spilopleura and Serrasalmus rhombeus) to 3.8 (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum). The fact that detritivore fishes, the most abundant food source for piscivores, occupy relatively high TPs determines that food chains in these particular Amazonian floodplains are longer than previously thought.
Antimicrobial activity of four Valeriana L. (Caprifoliaceae) crude extracts, endemic species of the Venezuelan Andes
Authors: Rondon Maria Eugenia , Velasco Judith Josefina , Rojas Janne Del Carmen , Gamez Luis Enrique , Morales Antonio
Published: October 2018

Valeriana L. genus is represented in Venezuela by 16 species, 9 of these are endemic of Venezuelan Andes growing in high mountains at 2800 masl. In this investigation, four species were analyzed in order to determine the main secondary metabolites and antimicrobial activity of extracts obtained from aerial parts of Valeriana parviflora, V. rosaliana, V. triplinervis and V. phylicoides. Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, triterpenoids and saponins were qualitatively observed in all methanolic extracts tested. The color intensity or a precipitate formation was used as analytical response to these tests. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Gram positive, Gram negative bacterial strains and yeast, using disc diffusion method. N-hexane extracts of V. triplinervis and V. rosaliana showed the highest efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus, exhibiting inhibition zones of 16 mm and 15 mm; MIC (Minimal Inhibition Concentration) values were observed at 116 mg/mL and 150 mg/mL, respectively. Dichloromethane and methanolic extracts of V. triplinervis and methanolic extract of V. rosaliana showed a rather moderate activity (MIC between 200 to 316 mg/ml) but a very weak antibacterial activity was observed in V. phylicoides and V. parviflora extracts (MIC > 420 mg/mL). None of the extracts assayed in this investigation showed any activity against Candida albicans and Candida krusei. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences on the different polarity extracts assayed with respect to antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (P > 0.10), however it was observed significant differences between the Valeriana species analyzed (P < 0.10) in relation to the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC).
Recurso polinífero utilizado por Apis mellifera L. (Himenoptera: Apidae) en un área de bosque subtropical del noroeste de Argentina
Authors: Mendez Magali Veronica , Sanchez Ana Carina , Flores Fabio Fernado , Lupo Liliana Concepcion
Published: October 2018

In Northwest Argentina, Yungas subtropical forests are very important because of their huge vegetal diversity. Honeybees (A. mellifera) use these resources to feed and therefore as an ecosystemic service through beekeeping. The characterization of pollen flora of a region allows getting to know the food source and defining the importance of different plant species for colonies development and maintenance. The aim of the present study is to identify the pollen flora used by A. mellifera in the Yungas western area in Jujuy (Argentina) by means of their pollen loads characterization and to analyze the variations of two consecutive productive periods throughout spring and summer. To do this, 14 samples taken monthly were analyzed over the periods from September 2011 to March 2012 and September 2012 to March 2013. The samples were obtained from pollen traps at the entrances of the hives and were treated in the laboratory under conventional melisopalinology techniques with subsequent acetolysis. A total of 46 pollen types belonging to 25 botanical families were identified. The most important ones according to the family importance index are Euphorbiaceae (35.54), Fabaceae (26.27), Asteraceae (20.77), Vitaceae (16.14), Myrtaceae (9.13). Zanthoxylum, Sebastiania, Mimosa, Euphorbiaceae, Cactaceae, Parapiptadenia excelsa, Eupatorium, Cissus, Eucalyptus y Viguiera were identified as dominant resources. The variations of the breadth Index trophic niche show a floral resources selection for the area, where the use of native species stands out. The information produced in this study contributes to the knowledge of the resource offered by the forest and the species that are important for beekeeping production. Besides, it contributes to enhance the production and marketing of this product from its added value, allowing beekeepers a good management of hives.
Cambios en la comunidad de peces por efecto del desarrollo costero en el Parque Nacional Huatulco (México)
Authors: Juárez Hernández Luis Gibran
Published: October 2018

Coastal development and urbanization have increased the sediments that are washed from the land surface, producing adverse effects on the structure and functioning of coral reefs. The objective of this study was to identify the degree to which excessive sediments have disturbed the fish community in the coral reefs in the Maguey and Violin bays, located in the Huatulco National Park (Mexico). Fish samples were collected before and after disturbances produced by sediments associated with coastal development projects. Indicators of changes in the fish communities included the number and diversity of species as well as equity and dominance before and after the disturbances. The analysis was performed through means comparison tests, similarity analysis (ANOSIM) and similarity percentage analysis (SIMPER). In both locations, it was observed that the diversity, evenness, abundance and number of species were higher prior to the disturbance, but not for dominance, which shows an inverse pattern. In Maguey, significant differences in evenness and dominance were observed (U = 28, p = 0.0401; U = 24, p = 0.0472), as well as in species composition and abundance (ANOSIM = 0.35, p = 0.009). The similarity percentage analysis (SIMPER) indicated that after the disturbance, more than 46 % of the species showed decreases in average abundance, highlighting the absence of Prionurus laticlavius, as well as the decrease in abundance of: P. punctatus, Cirrhitichthys oxycephalus, Microspathodon dorsalis, Lutjanus novemfaciatus and Stegates acapulcoensis. Inadequate planning and implementation of coastal development projects that contribute to the discharge of excessive sediments into the sea were determinants of negative changes in the coral communities in Maguey and Violin, whose effects could be seen in the composition of the species and the abundance, equity, and dominance of the fish community in Maguey.
Toxicity evaluation of Yellow Grosbeak, Pheucticus chrysopeplus (Aves: Cardinalidae), feather extract using Brine Shrimp, Artemia salina, lethality test as in vivo model
Authors: Andrade-Zuñiga Erick Manuel , Morales Miguel , Ariano-Sánchez Daniel
Published: October 2018

Chemical defense is a widespread mechanism on many animals and plants. However, just a few cases are known for avian species. In this study we evaluate the toxicity of Pheucticus chrysopeplus feather extract via lethality test with brine shrimp (Artemia salina) as an in vivo model. Mortality of A. salina was evaluated after 24 hour exposure to artificial seawater, methanol, and the methanolic feather extract. Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference in mortality between treatments (X2 = 65.25, P < 0.0001, n = 50). With this we describe P. chrysopeplus as the first known toxic avian species of Guatemala and Central America, raising awareness about its conservation and the identification of the toxic substance present in its feathers. We also highlight the possible mimicry mechanism taking part between P. chrysopeplus and two sympatric oriole species (Icterus pectoralis and I. pustulatus).
Stingless bee honeys from Soconusco, Chiapas: a complementary approach
Authors: Espinoza Toledo Cristina , Vázquez Ovando Alfredo , Torres de los Santos Rodolfo , López García Alfonso , Albores Flores Victor , Grajales-Conesa Julieta
Published: October 2018

Physicochemical, acceptance and palynological studies were performed in stingless bee honeys from Soconusco, Chiapas, in order to learn and contribute to their knowledge in the Tropics. Nine honey samples were collected from Melipona solani (Ms), M. beecheii (Mb) and Scaptotrigona mexicana (Sm) in different meliponaries. Our results registered physico-chemical values that ranged as follow; pH 2.8-4.8, electrical conductivity (EC) 114-1211 μS/cm, free acidity 24-100 meq/kg, aw 59-71 g/100g, moisture 35-38 %, color 0.13-0.75 Pfund scale, reducing sugars 47-71 %, hidroxymethylfurfural (HMF) not determined – 2.72 mg/100g, and diastase activity 1.92-11.22 DN. On the other hand, the principal component analysis (PCA) of physicochemical values showed that 86.9 % of the total variability between species was explained by the following parameters aw, moisture, free acidity, color, pH, sugars and EC. Sm honeys were associated (PCA) with a higher water content, free acidity and darker colors, while Melipona honeys with a sweeter taste and a lower diastase activity; thus honeys could be grouped by genera. The acceptance test showed that 78 % of honeys were preferred, being the SmCa sample in the category “I likely dislike” due to the bitter taste (disapproved by consumers). The melisopalynological results showed that M. beecheii honeys are monofloral with a 45 % of Fabaceae pollen, while Melipona solani and Scaptotrigona mexicana honeys are multi or polyfloral with diferent pollen types; Fabaceae, Melastomataceae, Malvaceae and Asteraceae. From this complementary study we can asume that it is necessary to implicate researchers with producers, so they could have accesss to stingless bee honey analysis and to help them to improve meliponaries management by identifying and introducing stingless bee flora.
Indicadores ambientales de áreas verdes urbanas para la gestión en dos ciudades costarricenses
Authors: Morales Cerdas Vanessa , Piedra Castro Lilliana , Romero Vargas Marilyn , Bermúdez Rojas Tania
Published: October 2018

Environmental quality contributes to the physical and mental well-being of the population. In this way, the green areas (GA) of the cities are essential spaces for coexistence, sports, socialization, recreation, among others. The objective of this research was to determine the environmental conditions of green areas, using indicators as tool for urban management in two cities of Costa Rica. The study area corresponded to the districts of Heredia and Carmen, Costa Rica. The existing GA were determined using Rapid Eye satellite images, 2 012 through spatial analysis and remote sensing. Eleven indicators of urban green areas were applied, the species was identified, the height, the diameter at breast height (DBH) and the number of trees in parks and streets were measured. In addition, surveys were conducted to users of public GA, on issues related to accessibility and use of GA. Five types of GA were identified in Carmen and six were located in Heredia. The percentage of public and private green areas corresponded to 36 % and 64 % in Carmen and 13 % and 87 % in Heredia respectively. The green area per capita (m2 / hab) was 24.6 in Carmen and 2.7 in Heredia. Sixty-two species of trees were identified in the Carmen parks and 23 in Heredia. There were 1 105 trees of 61 species in the streets, sidewalks and avenues of Carmen and 278 individuals of 47 species in Heredia. Regarding the existence of riparian vegetation, it was determined that the Pirro, Burrio, Torres and Negritos streams maintain 82 %, 51 %, 81 % and 14 % of the area of protection of their margins in conforming use. 11 of the public GA’s were evaluated, nine presented a high physical accessibility. In both districts, the surveyed citizens indicated the necessity to have more GA, highlighting the recreational, ecological and touristic value of these spaces. It is concluded that the indicators of urban green areas showed that there are differences between the environmental conditions in both of the evaluated cities. In addition, the applicability of the indicators is feasible as an input for the sustainable environmental management of urban ecosystems.
Updated catalogue of bony fishes observed in deep waters at Isla del Coco National Park and Las Gemelas Seamount, Costa Rica (Eastern Tropical Pacific)
Authors: Sánchez-Jiménez Astrid , Naranjo-Elizondo Beatriz , Rodríguez-Arrieta Alexander , Quesada Andrés J. , Blum Shmulik , McCosker John E. , Robertson D. Ross , Auster Peter J. , Cortés Jorge
Published: October 2018

From 2006 to date the submersible DeepSee has been used to study the deep waters in and around Isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica. Over these years, images and samples have been collected at depths between 50 and 450 m. Here we present a catalogue of bony fishes recorded by the submersible in deep waters of Isla del Coco, 500 km south-southwest of mainland Costa Rica, and at Las Gemelas Seamount within the designated Seamounts Management Area, 50 km southwest of Isla del Coco. A database with video-images of bony fishes was created from videos taken by the submersible’s high-definition digital camera from 2006 to 2015. Additional information on the distribution of fishes was obtained from 11 dives (24.3 hrs) using the remotely operated vehicle Hela at Las Gemelas Seamount during February 2012. Images of bony fishes were obtained during 376 dives (365 DeepSee dives plus 11 Hela dives) in 18 different locations, and here we report on a total of 85 taxa (i.e. putative species). In this catalogue we present images that are the first color photographs published for some species. In other cases, identifications were possible only to the level of genus (11), family (5) or order (1); hence the information is presented in terms of putative taxa. Four new records are reported for Isla del Coco: Leptenchelys vermiformis (Ophichthidae), Hyporthodus mystacinus (Serranidae), Kathetostoma averruncus (Uranoscopidae), and Symphurus diabolicus (Cynoglossidae). Depth ranges of twenty-six species are expanded beyond previously published records; three were observed in shallower water, twenty-two in deeper water and one was observed both shallower and deeper than in previous reports. As might be expected, increased bottom time with the submersible resulted in additions to the list of documented species. This highlights the importance of maintaining systematic research efforts in the deep waters around Isla del Coco, both for scientific purposes as well as conservation.
EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO OBTIDA COM O SISTEMA RAZÃO DE BOWEN E COM UM LISÍMETRO DE PESAGEM EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO
Authors: Viana Thales Vinícius de Araújo , Folegatti Marcos Vinícius , Azevedo Benito Moreira de , Bonfim Guilherme Vieira do , Elói Waleska Martins
Published: October 2018

EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO OBTIDA COM O SISTEMA RAZÃO DE BOWEN E COM UM LISÍMETRO DE PESAGEM EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO   Thales Vinícius de Araújo VianaMarcos Vinícius Folegatti Benito Moreira de Azevedo Guilherme Vieira do BomfimWaleska Martins ElóiDepartamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE. CEP 60455-760. E-mail: thales@ufc.br  1 RESUMO  O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estimar a evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc), em ambiente protegido, através de um sistema automático da Razão de Bowen (SRB), comparando-a com a medida através de lisímetro de pesagem. O experimento foi conduzido, em Piracicaba-SP, em ambiente protegido com cobertura plástica de PEBD. A cultura utilizada foi à alface (Lactuca sativa, L.), variedade Verônica, e foram realizados dois ciclos experimentais, um no outono e outro no inverno. O SRB e o lisímetro de pesagem foram instalados no centro do ambiente protegido. O total evapotranspirado pela alface foi de 102,98 e 92,93 mm, respectivamente, para o primeiro e o segundo cultivo. O SRB subestimou esses valores representando 75,9 % e 66,3 % do total medido no lisímetro de pesagem, respectivamente, no primeiro e no segundo cultivo da alface. Os baixos valores do gradiente de pressão parcial do vapor dificultaram a estimativa da evapotranspiração pelo SRB no interior do ambiente protegido.  UNITERMOS: Casa de vegetação, lisímetro, Evapotranspiração.   VIANA, T. V. de A.; FOLEGATTI, M. V.; AZEVEDO, B. M. de; BONFIM, V. do; ELOI, W. M. EVAPOTRANSPIRATION THROUGH THE BOWEN RATIO SYSTEM AND A WEIGHING LYSIMETER IN GREENHOUSE   2 ABSTRACT  The objective of this work was to estimate the crop evapotranspiration in a greenhouse using an automatic Bowen ratio system (BRS). The experiment was carried out  in Piracicaba, São Paulo State, in a greenhouse. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa, L.), variety “Veronica”, was the crop used in the experiment and it was  planted over the fall and winter seasons. Lettuce water requirements were measured by a weighing lysimeter. The evapotranspiration estimated using an automatic Bowen ratio system (BRS) was compared to the evapotranspiration measured through a weighing lysimeter.The total evapotranspiration measured by the weighing lysimeter was 102.98 mm and 92.93 mm for the first and second crop cycle, respectively. The BRS underestimated the total lettuce evapotranspiration representing 75.9 % and 66.3 % of the evapotranspiration measured in the first and second crop cycle, respectively. The low partial pressure gradient values of the vapor led to an underestimation of evapotranspiration by BRS in the greenhouse  KEY WORDS: Greenhouse, lysimeter, Evapotranspiration.
TEORES DE MICRONUTRIENTES NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DA PLANTA DE PIMENTÃO SOB FERTIRRIGAÇÃO
Authors: Marcussi Francisco Fernando Noronha , Bôas Roberto Lyra Villas
Published: October 2018

TEORES DE MICRONUTRIENTES NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DA PLANTA DE PIMENTÃO SOB FERTIRRIGAÇÃO   Francisco Fernando Noronha MarcussiDepartamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas,Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP. CP 237, CEP 18603-970. E-mail: marcussi@fca.unesp.brRoberto Lyra Villas BôasDepartament de Recursos Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas,Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP. CP 237, CEP 18603-970. E-mail: rlvb@fca.unesp.br  1 RESUMO  Neste estudo, objetivou-se determinar os teores de micronutrientes (Fe, Zn, Mn, B e Cu) nos diferentes órgãos do híbrido de pimentão Elisa, sob fertirrigação em ambiente protegido, em oito épocas de coleta de planta. O experimento foi desenvolvido nas dependências do Departamento de Recursos Naturais - Ciência do Solo, FCA, Botucatu/SP. Constou o experimento de 8 tratamentos (épocas de coleta de planta – 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, e 140 dias após o transplante das mudas) e 4 repetições, sendo cada repetição formada por 4 plantas. Em cada etapa obteve-se os teores dos micronutrientes no fruto, folha, caule e raiz e na planta como um todo. A fertilização no ciclo estudado, 140 dias, foi feita via fertirrigação localizada. Os resultados mostram que os teores de micronutrientes encontrados na planta de pimentão seguem a seqüência: Fe>Zn>Mn>B>Cu. Nos resultados são apresentadas as tabelas com os teores de Fe, Zn, Mn, B e Cu (Tukey a 5%) em cada órgão da planta e da planta como um todo, nas diferentes épocas de avaliação e, os gráficos mostrando o comportamento dos teores de Zn, Mn, B e Cu.  UNITERMOS: Fertirrigação, concentrações de micronutrientes, Pimentão, Capsicum annuum L. e nutrição mineral.   MACUSSI, F.F.N.; VILLAS BÔAS, R.L MICRONUTRIENT CONCENTRATION IN THE BELL PEPPER PLANT DEVELOPMENT UNDER FERTIRRIGATION   2 ABSTRACT  This study aimed to determine the micronutrient contents (Fe, Zn, Mn, B and Cu) in different organs of Elisa bell pepper hybrid under fertirrigation in protected environment in eight harvesting seasons. The experiment was carried out in the Natural Resource Department – Soil Science, FCA, Botucatu. SP, and  consisted of 8 treatments (harvesting season – 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 140 days after seedling transplant), and 4 replications, each one composed of 4 plants. In each growth period the micronutrient content in the fruit, leaf, stem, root and  plant as a whole was determined. The fertilization in the study period i.e., 140 days, was performed by local fertirrigation. The results showed that the micronutrient levels found in the bell pepper plant followed the decreasing order: Fe>Zn>Mn> B>Cu. The tables present the Fe, Zn, Mn, B and Cu (Tukey Test at 5%) contents in each plant organ and in the entire plant at different evaluation periods. The charts show the Zn, Mn, B and Cu content variation.  KEYWORDS: fertirrigation, micronutrient concentration, bell pepper, Capsicum annuum L. and mineral nutrition.
BIBLIOTECA DE TUBOS E ACESSÓRIOS PARA IRRIGAÇÃO POR ASPERSÃO PARA AUTOCAD 13 E 14
Authors: Marques Patricia Angélica Alves , Botrel Tarlei Arriel
Published: October 2018

BIBLIOTECA DE TUBOS E ACESSÓRIOS PARA IRRIGAÇÃO POR ASPERSÃO PARA AUTOCAD 13 E 14   Patricia Angélica Alves Marques; Tarlei Arriel BotrelDepartamento de Engenharia Rural, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Piracicaba, São Paulo, paamarqu@esalq.usp.br   1 RESUMO  Considerando-se que a realização do “lay-out” constitui uma importante etapa na elaboração de um projeto de irrigação e que as ferramentas de informática permitem uma elaboração mais rápida e flexível, utilizou-se de um levantamento das peças disponíveis, para irrigação por aspersão, em catálogos do mercado, onde selecionaram-se as principais peças utilizadas e em seguida desenhou-as em escala adequada.  Escolheu-se o programa computacional AUTOCAD que permite desenhos de ótima qualidade e também a criação do menu personalizado para utilização de um conjunto de desenho pré-estabelecidos, chamado de biblioteca.  A biblioteca de desenhos utilitários foi desenvolvida para auxiliar profissionais na elaboração de projetos de irrigação por aspersão (tubos, acessórios, aspersores e motobomba).  Os desenhos da biblioteca podem ser inseridos na sequência desejada e repetidas vezes, isto diminui o tempo gasto com desenho e melhora a qualidade final.  Para facilitar a utilização desta biblioteca criou-se um manual de utilização em Ms-Word e um programa para instalação da biblioteca utilizando o programa computacional Borland Delphi 3.0.  UNITERMOS: irrigação por aspersão, projeto, AutoCAD.   MARQUES, P . A. A.; BOTREL, T. A. LIBRARY OF TUBES AND ACCESSORY FOR SPRINKLER IRRIGATION IN AUTOCAD 13 AND 14  2 ABSTRACT  Considering the lay-out as important stage in the irrigation project elaboration and computer science tools makes a faster and flexible elaboration, it was used a rising of the available sprinkler irrigation pieces in catalogs, where the main ones were selected used and soon afterwards they has been drew in appropriate scale.  It was chosen software AUTOCAD that allows drawings of great quality and also the creation of the personalized menu for use of a drawing group called library.  The utility drawings library was developed to aid professionals in the sprinkler irrigation projects (tubes, accessories, sprinklers and pump). The drawings of the library can be inserted in the sequence need and repeated times.  This library reduces the time spend with drawing and it improves the final quality.  To facilitate the use of this library, we developed a use manual in MS-Word and an installation program in Borland Delphi 3.0.  KEYWORDS sprinkler irrigation, project, AUTOCAD.
EFEITO DO CULTIVO DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR NA ESTABILIDADE DE AGREGADOS E NA CONDUTIVIDADE HIDRÁULICA DO SOLO
Authors: Góes Gilton Bezerra de , Greggio Thiago Claudino , Centurion José Frederico , Beutler Amauri Nelson , Andrioli Itamar
Published: October 2018

EFEITO DO CULTIVO DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR NA ESTABILIDADE DE AGREGADOS E NA CONDUTIVIDADE HIDRÁULICA  DO SOLO  Gilton Bezerra de Góes;  Thiago Claudino Greggio;  José Frederico Centurion; Amauri Nelson Beutler; Itamar Andrioli Departamento de Solos e Adubos, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP.   1 RESUMO Para o cultivo de cana-de-açúcar ocorre intenso revolvimento do solo durante as operações de preparo para o plantio e à adubação.  Este estudo objetivou avaliar a estabilidade de agregados e a condutividade hidráulica de um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico sob cana-de-açúcar com diferentes idades e sob vegetação natural. O experimento foi realizado em Jaboticabal, SP. Os sistemas de uso foram: solo sob mata natural (M), solo sob cana-de-açúcar de 1 ano (C1), sob cana-de-açúcar de 3 anos (C3) e sob cana-de-açúcar de 7 anos (C7). Para avaliação da estabilidade de agregados utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em parcela subdividida, com seis repetições, nas camadas de 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 e 30-40 cm; e para avaliação da condutividade hidráulica, o delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições, na profundidade de 20 cm. Os sistemas de uso do solo com cana-de-açúcar reduzem a estabilidade de agregados e a condutividade hidráulica saturada em relação à mata nativa. UNITERMOS: atributos físicos, Saccharum officinarum.  GÓES, G.B.; GREGGIO, T.C.; CENTURION, J.F.; BEUTLER, A.N.; ANDRIOLI, I.  EFFECT OF SUGAR CANE CULTIVATION ON  SOIL AGGREGATE STABILITY AND HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY  2 ABSTRACT For sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) cultivation, the soil is intensively revolved during planting and fertilization tillage. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the stability of aggregated soil and hydraulic conductivity in Oxisol soil under different age sugar cane and natural vegetation. The experiment was carried out in Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. The systems of soil uses were the following ones: soil under natural vegetation (M), soil under 1-year sugar cane (C1), soil under 3-year sugar cane (C3) and under 7-year sugar cane (C7). A completely random design with subdivided plots and 6 replications were used in layers of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm and 30-40 cm to evaluate the stability of aggregated soil; for hydraulic conductivity, an entirely randomized design and 5 replications were used at the depth of 20 cm. The systems of soil uses for sugar cane cultivation reduced the stability of aggregated soil and saturated hydraulic conductivity in relation to native vegetation. KEYWORDS: Physical attributes, Saccharum officinarum.
The Marriage Between Genomics and Immunotherapy: Mismatch Meets Its Match
Authors: Subbiah Vivek , Kurzrock Razelle
Published: October 2018

This commentary evaluates the immune-genomic connection.
DUET: A Phase 2 Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Sparsentan in Patients with FSGS
Authors: Trachtman Howard , Nelson Peter , Adler Sharon , Campbell Kirk N. , Chaudhuri Abanti , Derebail Vimal Kumar , Gambaro Giovanni , Gesualdo Loreto , Gipson Debbie S. , Hogan Jonathan , Lieberman Kenneth , Marder Brad , Meyers Kevin Edward , Mustafa Esmat , Radhakrishnan Jai , Srivastava Tarak , Stepanians Miganush , Tesar Vladimír , Zhdanova Olga , Komers Radko ,   on behalf of the DUET Study Group
Published: October 2018

Background

We evaluated and compared the effects of sparsentan, a dual endothelin type A (ETA) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, with those of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with primary FSGS.

Methods

In this phase 2, randomized, double-blind, active-control Efficacy and Safety of Sparsentan (RE-021), a Dual Endothelin Receptor and Angiotensin Receptor Blocker, in Patients with Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS): A Randomized, Double-blind, Active-Control, Dose-Escalation Study (DUET), patients aged 8–75 years with biopsy-proven FSGS, eGFR>30 ml/min per 1.73 m2, and urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (UP/C) ≥1.0 g/g received sparsentan (200, 400, or 800 mg/d) or irbesartan (300 mg/d) for 8 weeks, followed by open-label sparsentan only. End points at week 8 were reduction from baseline in UP/C (primary) and proportion of patients achieving FSGS partial remission end point (FPRE) (UP/C: ≤1.5 g/g and >40% reduction [secondary]).

Results

Of 109 patients randomized, 96 received study drugs and had baseline and week 8 UP/C measurements. Sparsentan-treated patients had greater reductions in UP/C than irbesartan-treated patients did when all doses (45% versus 19%; P=0.006) or the 400 and 800 mg doses (47% versus 19%; P=0.01) were pooled for analysis. The FSGS partial remission end point was achieved in 28% of sparsentan-treated and 9% of irbesartan-treated patients (P=0.04). After 8 weeks of treatment, BP was reduced with sparsentan but not irbesartan, and eGFR was stable with both treatments. Overall, the incidence of adverse events was similar between groups. Hypotension and edema were more common among sparsentan-treated patients but did not result in study withdrawals.

Conclusions

Patients with FSGS achieved significantly greater reductions in proteinuria after 8 weeks of sparsentan versus irbesartan. Sparsentan was safe and well tolerated.
Sağlık Kurumlarında İş Güvenliğinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: GÜL Asiye , ÖZALP Şenay , IŞIK ANDSOY İşıl
Published: October 2018

Amaç: Tanımlayıcı
ve kesitsel olan çalışmanın amacı, hastanede çalışan
sağlık personeline yönelik iş güvenliğinin sağlanıp sağlanmadığının ve iş
güvenliği için yapılan faaliyetlerin değerlendirilmesidir. Materyal
ve Metot: Çalışma 01 Haziran- 31 Temmuz 2017 tarihleri arasında
yapıldı. Veriler Öztürk ve Babacan’ın 2012 yılında geliştirdiği İş Güvenliği
Ölçeği kullanılarak elde edildi. Ölçekten yüksek puan alınması hastanelerde iş
güvenliğinin sağlandığını, düşük puan alınması iş güvenliğinin sağlanamadığını
göstermektedir. Verilerin analizinde sayı, yüzdelik, ortalama, Mann Whitney U
ve Kruskall Wallis test kullanıldı. Sonuçlar %95 güven aralığında
değerlendirildi ve p değeri 0.05'den küçük ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı
olarak kabul edildi. Bulgular: Katılımcıların
yaş ortalaması 38.34±4.96, %76.1’i sağlık kurum ve kuruluşlarında hasta ve
çalışan güvenliği ile ilgili tebliği okuduklarını ve %82.6’sı konu ile ilgili
bir eğitime katıldıklarını bildirdiler. Ölçek ortalama toplam puanı
153.64±25.83 olarak belirlendi. Ölçek alt gruplarında en düşük puanın; mesleki
hastalıklar ve şikayetler (1.98 ± 0.84) ve yönetsel destek ve yaklaşımlar (2.77
± 1.08), en yüksek puanın ise sağlık taraması ve kayıt sisteminden (4.99 ±
0.84) alındığı saptandı.

Sonuç: Hastanelerde iş sağlığı ve güvenliğinin
sağlanması konusunda önlemler ve uygulamalar, hasta ve çalışan sağlığının
güvenliğini de artıracaktır. Bu konuda daha fazla çabaların yapılması
gerekmektedir.
I Will Protect this House: US Sport Brand Trademark Infringement Claims in China
Authors: Brown Sarah M. , Brison Natasha T.
Published: October 2018

In 2017, two US sport brand companies, Under Armour and New Balance, won trademark infringement cases in China. These victories demonstrated a potential turning point in Chinese trademark law and the protection of foreign company marks. The country has long been plagued with rampant counterfeiting and trademark squatting issues, but since China’s acceptance into the World Trade Organization in 2001, the country has made moves to improve its trademark laws through two amendments. China’s first amendment occurred in 2001. However, this amendment suffered from multiple vulnerabilities, providing loopholes for foreign trademarks to be infringed upon. The most recent amendment, which was enacted in 2014, provides stronger protections and resolves the vulnerabilities of its predecessor. This article discusses the limitations of the 2001 amendment and the opportunities afforded to foreign brands for trademark protection under the 2014 amendment. The Under Armour and New Balance cases are discussed as examples of a new trademark enforcement paradigm in China. Recommendations for foreign brands seeking to expand and protect their trademarks are also provided.
Fatores motivacionais para a prática do futebol de campo em jovens atletas
Authors: Safons Felipe Costa , Fumagalli Laura Mendes Rodrigues , Ilha Phillip Vilanova
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: a analisar os fatores motivacionais para adesão e prática do futebol de campo em jovens atletas de um município do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Método: fizeram parte da amostra todos os jovens participantes de uma escolinha de futebol amador, partindo das categorias Sub-10 até a Sub-17 que aceitaram participar do estudo voluntariamente. Como instrumento de coleta de dados utilizou um questionário sobre caracterização sociodemográfico, Inventário de Motivação para a Prática Desportiva e um questionário sobre os principais motivos da adesão ao futebol. Para analisar os dados utilizou-se a estatística descritiva. Resultados: os resultados demonstraram que a distribuição econômica das famílias dos atletas estavam distribuídas nos extratos B2, C1, C2 e D-E, tinham como principal influência para a adesão ao futebol os amigos e o desejo de ser um jogador profissional. As motivações para a prática de futebol de campo estavam relacionadas principalmente às dimensões Rendimento Esportivo e Saúde. Considerações finais: evidenciou-se que os jovens atletas têm maior envolvimento no futebol por fatores intrínsecos, como, a vontade de vencer e de conseguir ter uma melhora a cada dia, devido a competitividade que esse esporte gera em cada etapa da vida.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF METAL FLOW IN CRYSTALLIZER AT ITS SUPPLY FROM SUBMERSIBLE NOZZLE WITH ECCENTRIC HOLES
Authors: Odinokov V. I. , Dmitriev E. A. , Evstigneev A. I.
Published: October 2018

Flow of liquid melt in the crystallizer is a little-studied process. Analytical solutions of melt flow in general case refer to complex mathematical problems, therefore numerical methods are used to model it. The purpose of this work is to use numerical method proposed by Professor V.I. Odinokov, based on finite-difference representation of the initial system of equations. This method has been successfully used in mechanics of continuous media, in foundry industry in mathematical modeling of strained deformed state of shell molds on investment models,as well as in other technological works, which indicates its universality. In the present study, the object of research is hydrodynamic flows of liquid metal during steel casting into a rectangular section mold when fed from a submerged nozzle with eccentric holes, and the result is a spatial mathematical model describing the flows of liquid metal in the crystallizer. To simulate the processes occurring in the crystallizer, the software complex “Odyssey” was used. The theoretical calculation is based on fundamental equations of hydrodynamics and approved numericalmethod. Solution of differential equations system formulatedin the work was carried out numerically. Investigated area was divided into elements of finite dimensions, for each element the resulting system of equations was written in the difference form. The result of the solution is velocity field of metal flow in crystallizer volume. To solve the system of algebraic equations obtained, a numerical scheme and a calculation algorithm were developed. Based on developed numerical scheme and algorithm, a computation program was compiled in Fortran-4. Mathematical model makes it possible to vary geometric dimensions of the crystallizer and cross-section of metal exit openings from the immersion nozzle, and it can also help to understand the flow pattern of the cast metal that affects heat dissipation of crystallizer walls and to find the optimal parameters for liquid metal outlet from the gravy glass at various casting modes. As an example it is given calculation of steel casting into a rectangular mold with a height of 100 cm and a section of 2000×40 (cm) in plan. Casting was carried out from immersion nozzle eccentrically in both sides in a horizontal plane. The calculation results are presented in graphical form. The movement of liquid metal flows is shown, their magnitudes and intensity are determined.
INTERACTION OF HYDROGEN IMPURITY WITH NANOCRYSTALLINE PALLADIUM AND NICKEL
Authors: Poletaev G. M. , Zorya I. V. , Rakitin R. Y.
Published: October 2018

The interaction of hydrogen atoms with nanocrystalline palladium and nickel in the work was studied by the molecular dynamics method. The nanocrystalline structure of palladium and nickel was created in the model by crystallization from the liquid state at the presence of several specially introduced crystalline embryos. After solidification, the calculation blocks, in addition to the crystalline phase, contained grain boundaries and triple junctions of grain boundaries. The interactions of metal atoms with each other were described by the multi-particle Cleri-Rosato potential constructed in the framework of the tight-binding model. Morse potentials were used to describe the interactions of hydrogen atoms with metal atoms and with each other. The parameters of Morse potentials were calculated from the experimental data of theabsorption energy, the activation energy of the above-barrier diffusion of hydrogen in a metal (at normal and high temperatures), the binding energy with a vacancy, dilatation. According to the results obtained in the present work, at a high concentration of hydrogen (the concentration of 10% from the metal atoms was considered), the hydrogen atoms combine into aggregates, which are formed predominantly near the surface of the metal. The aggregates contained, as a rule, several dozen hydrogen atoms and had low diffusion activity. The binding energy of hydrogen atoms with these aggregates was greater than with the metal crystal lattice or grain boundaries in it. In palladium, hydrogen aggregates were formed farther from the surface than in nickel. Apparently, this is due not so much to the relatively low energy of hydrogen absorption by palladium (–0.1 eV) in comparison with nickel (0.16 eV), but rather to the difference in lattice parameters of the metals under consideration: 3.89 Å for Pd and 3.524 Å for Ni. For the same reason, conspicuously, hydrogen aggregates in a pure crystal lattice were more often observed in Pd than in Ni. In Ni, aggregates, as a rule, were formed in defect areas containing an excess free volume: near the free surface, in grain boundaries and in triple junctions.
La autoridad de los escritos de Elena de White
Authors: Iparraguirre Joel
Published: October 2018

Uno de los desa- fíos que ha causado gran controversia y que probablemente continúa haciéndolo, es el tema de la autoridad de la Biblia y la autoridad de los escritos de Elena de White. ¿Tienen los escritos de la Sra. White la misma autoridad que la Biblia? En efecto, el presente estudio se enfocará en mostrar lo que los pioneros y la misma Elena de White declararon en cuanto a la autoridad de la Biblia, para luego presentar la relevancia y autoridad de los escritos de la Sra. White.
Sueños, símbolos y visiones: Características de la profecía apocalíptica
Authors: M. Davidson Richard , Iparraguirre Joel
Published: October 2018

¿Se debe interpretar la profecía clásica y la apocalíptica con los mismos pasos?
El decreto de muerte posterior al tiempo de gracia según Apocalipsis 16:13-14 y 17:12-14
Authors: Daza Michel Jorge
Published: October 2018

El decreto de muerte es un evento escatológico generalmenteubicado en la narrativa de Apocalipsis 13:15-17, donde se describe el accionar de la imagen de la bestia al perseguir al remanente.Siguiendo la línea tradicional de la teología adventista, dicho acontecimiento se posicionaría en el periodo posgraciano del marco escatológico. Sin embargo, algunos estudiosos del texto bíblico y de los escritos de Elena G. de White sostienen que el decreto de muerte debe ser ubicado en el periodo pregraciano.
The typology of mechanisms of adaptation to the cognitive load on the variability of heart rate dynamics
Authors: Bodrov I.G. , Shishelova A.Y. , Aliev R.R.
Published: October 2018

While analyzing heart rate variability there were detected two types of visceral adaptation to cognitive activities: the first one is characterized by decrease of tension index (Baevskiy, 1984) and increase of heart rate variability at a cognitive load, along with increased power of regulatory effects on the heart rate; the second one is defined by higher heart rate variability, higher power of regulatory effects before the cognitive load and increase of the strain index during cognitive load in the absence of other significant changes. It is peculiar for people related to these types to possess different correlation relationships between the indices of sensory-motor reactions and heart rate variability.
Value contradictions as psychodiagnostic criteria of professional competence and an intrapersonal conflict
Authors: Golyanich V.M. , Bondaruk A.F. , Shapoval V.A. , Tulupyeva T.V.
Published: October 2018

The article considers new criteria for quantitative assessment of value contradictions — value oppositions and an indicator of value-intentional coherence — that develop Schwartz’s ideas about harmonious, neutral or oppositional relationships of values in the structure of value consciousness. Using statistical analysis, the informative character of the criteria in predicting the success of the formation of professional competencies and assessing the effectiveness of human adaptation to unfavorable socio-psychological conditions is shown. A hypothesis is formulated about the possibility of applying the criteria of value contradictions as a measure of intentional competence, the intensity of an intrapersonal conflict, the success of the formation of professional competencies and the integration of the identity of a person. The obtained results testify to the prospects of using the developed psychodiagnostic criteria in the practice of psychological and personnel counseling, psychological support of the educational process, and also to assess the intensity of social and psychological adaptation.
Adaptation of J. Kagan’s Reflection—Impulsivity test to be a predictor of a person’s attitude towards work protecting demands
Authors: Skotnikova I.G. , Bolshakova S.P. , Vorob’ev K.V. , Grishchenko Y.I.
Published: October 2018

The article describes the process and the result of J. Kagan’s Reflection—Impulsivity Test adaptation according to a person’s perception of work protecting rules and means. It allows to use the adapted test in order to predict his (her) attention and responsibility regarding work protecting demands.
Evolution of second trimester low implanted placenta to previa at term: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Shaaban Omar M. , Ahmed Hamdy A. , Ali Mohammed K. , Abbas Ahmed M. , Nasr Ahmed , Makhlouf Ahmed M.
Published: October 2018

Background: The objective of this study is to identify the percentage of low implanted placenta (LIP) at second trimester of pregnancy and identify the risk factors of its persistence to placenta previa (PP) at term.Methods: Through a registered prospective cohort study conducted at tertiary hospital in Upper Egypt, authors screened all pregnant ladies comes to present facility for antenatal second trimester USG between 18-24 weeks gestation. All participants interviewed for detailed risk factors of placenta previa. Those diagnosed to have a LIP (≤1.5 cm from the internal os) had had TVS to confirm the exact distance between the lower edge of the placenta and the internal os. Serial USG had been done every 4 weeks up to delivery to measure the same distance. The primary outcome was the percentage of LIP at 18-24 weeks. Logistic regression analysis was performed to predict the risk factors for PP at term.Results: Through screening of 1000 pregnant lady, LIP had been identified in (52 cases) 5.2% of pregnant women between 18-24 weeks. This percentage dropped gradually to reach 1.3% at 36 weeks of gestation and at time of delivery. The logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the distance between the internal os and the lower edge of the placenta between 18-24 weeks was the single significant variable associated with PP at term (p<0.001, odds ratio 0.319, 95% CI 0.20-0.50). However, excluding the distance from the regression model demonstrated other risk factors as previous miscarriage, previous cesarean section (CS), and history of multiple pregnancies and history of previous PP.Conclusions: About 5.0% of pregnant women have LIP at the second trimester of pregnancy (18-24 weeks) and only 25.0 % of them remain placenta previa at term. A cut-off value of 10 mm between the internal os and the lower edge of the placenta is the most important predictor of development of PP.
Trail of labor versus elective repeat cesarean section: a comparison of morbidity and mortality at tertiary care teaching hospitals in India
Authors: Dhillon Balwan Singh , Chandhiok Nomita , Rao M. Vishnu Vardhana
Published: October 2018

Background: As cesarean birth rates continue to rise, more women are faced with the choice of planning a vaginal delivery or a repeat cesarean section after a previous cesarean section. The objective of this prospective study was to study the morbidities and mortality of women attempting a trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) versus elective repeat cesarean section (El-RCS).Methods: Prospective data was recorded on management practices, associated complications and morbidity & mortality for a period of 8 months on 15664 consecutive cases of previous cesarean section reporting at 30 medical colleges/ teaching hospitals for delivery.Results: A trial of labor was planned in 25.8% (4035) women and 34.5% (5399) women underwent elective repeat cesarean section and rest had emergency repeat cesarean section. Overall maternal morbidity due to any cause was 20.7% among El-RCS as compared to 14.2% in TOLAC which was statistically significant (OR: 1.57, CI: 1.41-1.76, P=0.00). Blood loss of more than 1000ml was around 8.0% among TOLAC where as in El-RCS it was 8.8% (OR: 0.89, CI: 0.77-1.94, p=0.14 not statistically significant). Blood transfusion was given in 3.7% in TOLAC where as in El-RCS it was given in 6.5% (OR: 0.56, CI: 0.45-0.68, p=0.00 highly significant).  Complication like dehiscence of scar was similar in both groups. Post-operative complication were seen in 2.8% cases in TOLAC where as in El-RCS it was 5.8% (OR: 0.47, CI: 0.38-0.59, p=0.00 highly significant). Uterine rupture was 0.3% in TOLAC where as in El-RCS it was 0.7% (OR: 0.43, CI: 0.21-0.87, p=0.009 statistically significant). Maternal mortality was reported in 0.2% cases of TOLAC as compared to 0.1% cases in El-RCS (p=0.17) which was not statistically significant.Conclusions: Maternal morbidity was found to be more in elective repeat cesarean section than trial of labor after cesarean section.