bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melatih Literasi Matematis Siswa dengan Metode Naive Geometry
Authors: Ulfa Maria , Lubab Ahmad , Arrifadah Yuni
Published: February 2018

The aim of this research is to measure mathematical literacy skills of a student after mathematics learning processes using naive geometry method on the quadratic equation. This research is using quantitative methods. This research was implemented at SMP Ulul Albab. The mathematical literacy skills obtained from observation and mathematics literacy tests which refer to the mathematics literacy indicator. The tests were given after a teaching and learning process using naive geometry while observation was done during the learning process. The results show that 22.73% students have high mathematical literacy skill, 68.18% students have intermediate mathematical literacy, and 9.09% students who have low math skills literacy.
Self Efficacy Terhadap Matematika Melalui Pendekatan Aptitude Treatment Interaction
Authors: Fitri Irma
Published: February 2018

This study aims to determine differences in mathematics self-efficacy among students who learn to use the Aptitude Treatment Interaction (ATI) approach with students receiving conventional learning. This study is a quasi-experimental research, where teachers who play a direct role in the learning process and there researcher as an observer. Subjects in this study were 32 students on grade VIII SMP Negeri 2 Bangkinang Pekanbaru. Data collected by aptitude tests, observation, test result, and questionnaire. The result of this experiment indicated that self-efficacy scores students who learn using ATI approach and students receive conventional learning are different.
Perbandingan Keakuratan Hasil Peramalan Produksi Bawang Merah Metode Holt-Winters dengan Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA)
Authors: Jatmiko Yogo Aryo , Rahayu Rini Luciani , Darmawan Gumgum
Published: February 2018

The Holt-Winters method is used to model data with seasonal patterns, whether trends or not. There are two methods of forecasting in Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA), namely recurrent method (R-forecasting) and vector method (V-forecasting). The recurrent method performs continuous continuation (with the help of LRF), whereas the vector method corresponds to the L-continuation. Different methods of course make a difference in the accuracy of forecast results. To see the difference between the three methods is done by looking at the comparison of accuracy and reliability of forecast results. To measure the accuracy of forecasting used Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and to measure the reliability of forecasting results is done by tracking signal. Applications are done on Indonesian red onion production from January 2006 to December 2015. Forecasting of both methods in SSA uses window length L = 39 and grouping r = 8. With α = 0.1, β = 0.001 and γ = 0.5, Holt-Winters additive method gives better result with MAPE 13,469% than SSA method.
 
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Pemodelan Status Usaha (Pengusaha dan Pekerja/Karyawan) Menggunakan Regresi Logistik Multilevel
Authors: Yulian Eko
Published: February 2018

The level of a country's economy is directly proportional to the number of entrepreneurs in the country. According to the World Bank standard number of entrepreneurs, the ideal of a country is at least 4% of the total population. Based on data from the Indonesian Young Entrepreneurs Association (HIPMI), the number of entrepreneurs in Indonesia is only about 1.5%. Of course not easy to achieve the ideal number of bank standards-based world that is 4%. This study aims to determine what factors are driving someone in determining a career as an entrepreneur or not (worker/employee). The data used is the Adult Population Survey (APS) in 2013 conducted by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). the survey conducted in 16 provinces, 51 districts/cities, and 176 subdistricts. Data generated hierarchical modeling that will be performed using multilevel logistic regression. The variables studied were the state variable effort (Y), variable knowent (X1), variable opport (X2), variable suskill (X3), variable fearfail (X4), the variable gender (X5) at level 1 and the variable sub-district at level 2. the analysis showed that the logistic regression model 2-level produce a better model than the ordinary logistic regression model. Based on modeling results we concluded that all predictor variables (knowent, opport, suskill, fearfail, gender, etc.) affect the status of one's business.
Analisis Risk Asset Portfolio Berbasis Reward To Variability Pada Saham Syariah Di Indonesia Menggunakan Nonlinear Programming
Authors: Mussafi Noor Saif Muhammad
Published: February 2018

This research seeks to analyze the development of syariah stock optimization method using Nonlinear Programming in order to provide an optimal portfolio as a reference in improving the quality of syariah capital market in Indonesia. The research design used is descriptive qualitative by presenting a Shariah stock history data within a certain period that is analyzed and modeled for later sought solving. The data in this research is the stock price information syariah incorporated in the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). Selected data with Reward to Variability (RVAL) were then analyzed using theories in financial mathematics and developed using quadratic programming. The result of this research is systematic step formulation to maximize profit level and minimize risk level of syariah share investment incorporated in JII in January 2015-December 2016 time domain. This research also concludes that by this method can be known the proportion of funds that can be invested in five best issuers. In the sample taken, for the expected profit level of 5.5% to 7.5%, then an investor is advised to embed its shares consecutively to AKRA, ICBP, PTPP, TLKM and WSKT on average of 29.74% ; 13.42%; 18.14%; 29.58%; And 9.1% with risk between 0.028301593% to 0.029386615%.
Geração de energia por pipas
Authors: Tairov Stanislav , Agnoletto Daniel
Published: February 2018

O uso de pipas é antigo na história humana, mas somente a partir da década de 80 os arranjos para geração de energia começaram a ser considerados. Neste trabalho, os princípios físicos e matemáticos de geração de energia por pipas são apresentados. Foi mostrado que a máxima potência alcançada pelo modelo teórico utiliza vento cruzado.
Hill and Dale: A técnica de Edison e a transcrição de registros fonográficos de cilindros
Authors: Souza Filho Nilson , Rosa J. Jeferson , Silva Daniel Matos , Astrath Nelson Guilherme Casteli
Published: February 2018

Apresentamos uma revisão sobre a primeira técnica de gravação/reprodução de som e exemplos de transcrições dos principais tipos de suporte físico de gravação fabricados comercialmente entre 1889 e 1929. As transcrições foram realizadas com um aparato que utiliza um mandril acoplado a um motor de passo, uma cápsula fonocaptora na extremidade de um braço giratório, uma interface de áudio e um computador, para transcrever o som registrado em cilindros em um formato digital. Os áudios foram identificados em catálogos e estão disponíveis na web.
Laser scan-based structural assessment of wrought iron bridges: Guinness Bridge, Ireland
Authors: Gyetvai Nora , Truong-Hong Linh , Laefer Debra F
Published: February 2018

This paper introduces a workflow to create the geometric documents for conducting the finite-element-based structural assessment of wrought iron bridges using laser scanning data as the input dataset. First, a methodology for identifying actual cross-sections of the bridge components based on a point cloud obtained from a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) is presented. Next, a non-parametric regression kernel density estimation is employed to determine overall bridge dimensions to populate a computational model by projecting the position of the web and/or flange surface of the cross-section (appearing as local maximum peaks of a probability density shape). The process is demonstrated with respect to the previously undocumented Guinness Bridge in Dublin, Ireland, to determine the bridge’s behaviour. The successful generation of this model proves that TLS can surpass other common techniques (e.g. unmanned aerial vehicle-based images) for acquiring the bridge geometry necessary for reconstructing accurate member cross-sections and overall bridge dimensions, regarding the quantity and quality of the data points, and timing. The finite-element analysis showed that the bridge currently satisfies both strength and serviceability requirements under self-weight but would be unlikely to support a new slab and a modern pedestrian load level as per current code requirements for reopening the bridge.
Understanding how attitudes towards autonomous vehicles can shape the design of cities
Authors: Harrow Dale , Gheerawo Rama , Phillips Dan , Ramster Gail
Published: February 2018

Understanding public attitudes towards autonomous vehicles is an important starting point when designing and engineering future cities, both to ensure acceptance and to deliver social benefits. The GATEway project is a consortium of industry and academic organisations that are establishing a test bed for driverless vehicle technology within public streets in Greenwich, London. Each partner is using public trials to explore the potential for autonomous technology within a city transport network. The Royal College of Art (RCA) is exploring how public attitudes can be used to enhance social benefit. This paper shares the first findings from a series of workshops including people with additional needs, non-drivers, drivers, technology enthusiasts and professional stakeholders. The workshops delved into people's hopes and fears for driverless technologies and used co-design methods to explore how designers can respond when designing autonomous vehicles, the services they provide and the wider urban environment.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations, step by step protocol v1
Authors: Jabbarzadeh Kaboli Parham , Ismail patimah , Ling King-Hwa
Published: February 2018

To MD analysis for one of our previous results of docking, for example to analyze the drug/target, seven steps are required to finalize the MD results. The following protocol is according to our own experience in this project and was improved so that the errors were solved during the projects.
Early Clinical Experiences with Brinzolamide/Brimonidine Fixed Combination in Open-angle Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension
Authors: Gandolfi Stefano A ,   University of Parma, Parma, Italy
Published: February 2018

The fixed combination of brinzolamide 10 mg/ml and brimonidine 0.2% 2 mg/ml (BBFC; Simbrinza®) is an important addition to the glaucoma treatment choices currently available. Glaucoma is an increasingly prevalent disease worldwide, particularly in the elderly, and causes a serious burden of blindness. Fixed combinations of eye drops simplify treatment regimens, improving compliance, which helps maintain intraocular pressure (IOP) reductions. Registration of BBFC in Europe was supported by two phase III trials. In the first (n=560), after 6 months of treatment, BBFC twice daily lowered IOP by -1.4 mmHg more than brinzolamide alone, and by -1.5 mmHg more than brimonidine alone (least squares mean differences, p<0.0001 for both versus BBFC). BBFC was well tolerated with a safety profile similar to its two components. In the other of these trials (n=411), BBFC was non-inferior to brinzolamide and brimonidine given as separate doses concomitantly (B + B). The adverse events were similar in each group, with a slightly higher incidence in the B + B group. In the US, registration of BBFC in glaucoma was supported by three phase III and one phase IV trials, which also showed significantly greater IOP reduction with BBFC compared with its components alone and showed similar safety profiles. Additional phase IV studies are in progress to evaluate the combined use of BBFC with travoprost and timolol. BBFC has been clinically available in the US and Europe for only a short time, but its clinical trial efficacy suggests it will have a positive impact on real-world glaucoma and may have utility for earlier administration than its current third- or fourth-line use.
The Importance of Diagnosing Ectatic Corneal Disease
Authors: Ambrósio Jr Renato ,   Instituto de Othos Renato Ambrósio and Refracta-RIO, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Published: February 2018

Ectatic corneal disease (ECD) or corneal ectasia is a group of progressive eye disorders characterised by thinning and bulging of the cornea, and can result in moderate to severe impairment of vision. Recent advances in corneal imaging systems allow for the detection of mild or subclinical stages of the disease, which is fundamental in the face of novel strategies for minimising progressive ectasia after laser vision correction procedures, such as LASIK and SMILE. At the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons (ESCRS) Annual Meeting, in Lisbon, in October 2017, Renato Ambrósio Jr, Medical Director of the Instituto de Otho and Refracta-RIO, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, discussed the importance of diagnosing ECD and how advances in corneal imaging technologies can enhance diagnosis.
Türkiye’deki Hazırlık Okullarının Yeterlik Sınavı Uygulamaları ve Bilgisayarlı Dil Ölçme Fikrine Yaklaşımları
Authors: AYDIN Doç. Dr. Belgin , AKAY Okt. Emel , POLAT Okt. Murat , GERİDÖNMEZ Okt. Serkan
Published: February 2018

 Türkiye’deki mevcut yabancı dil eğitimi sorunsalının en önemli bileşenlerinden biri de şüphesiz ki üniversitelerin yabancı dil yeterliğiyle ilgili birbirlerinden farklı uygulamalarıdır. Kurumların dil yeterlik sınavlarını çoğunlukla kendi başlarına hazırlamaları, aralarında ortak bir ölçüt ya da bağlamsal bir çerçeve olmayışı, öngörülen dil yeterlik seviye ve içeriğindeki farklılıklar doğal olarak beraberinde çeşitliliği ve sorunları da getirmektedir. Bu çalışmanın birincil amacı, geçerli ve güvenilir yabancı dil yeterlik sınavlarının hazırlanması için Türkiye’deki devlet üniversitelerinin uyguladıkları ya da önerdikleri yöntemlerin araştırılması, bu önerilerin kendi bağlamlarında tartışılmasıdır. Bu çalışma aynı zamanda yabancı dil yeterliği ölçümünde kullanılacak bir sınavın bilgisayar destekli bir biçimde uygulanabilirliğine dair çalışmaya dâhil edilen devlet üniversitelerinden görüşlerin toplanmasını ve varsa hâlihazırda kullanılan uygulamaların belirlenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, Türkiye’de yabancı dil eğitimi veren 12 kurumun öğretim elemanları ve idarecilerinin görüşleri alınarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama yarı-yapılandırılmış açık uçlu sorulardan oluşan görüşme formlarının kullanıldığı odak grup görüşmeleri yoluyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada toplanan verilerin nitel analizi ışığında Türkiye’de yabancı dil yeterliğiyle ilgili uygulamalar, karşılaşılan sorunlar ve bilgisayar destekli dil ölçme fikrine yaklaşımlar üzerine kapsamlı bir rapor ortaya çıkarılmıştır. 
Türkiye’de Çevre ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı
Authors: KILIÇ Prof. Dr. Ramazan , AKALIN Arş. Grv. Güray
Published: February 2018

 Bu çalışmanın amacı; ekonomik büyüme ile çevre arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Bu amaçla, Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi hipotezinin (ÇKE) 1960-2011 dönemi için Türkiye’de geçerliliği test edilmiştir. Ekonomik büyüme göstergesi olarak Kişi Başına Düşen Milli Gelir, çevre kirliliği göstergesi olarak da Kişi Başına Karbondioksit (CO2) emisyonu kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca kontrol değişkeni olarak da ticari dışa açıklık oranı modele dahil edilmiştir. ARDL (The Autoregressive Distributed Lag) modeli ile elde edilen bulgular şöyle sıralanabilir: i) Kuadratik model için elde edilen uzun dönemli katsayılara göre, kişi başına gelir ile çevre kirliliği arasında ters U şeklinde bir ilişkinin mevcut olduğu görülmektedir. Bu sonuç ÇKE hipotezinin 1960-2011 döneminde Türkiye’de geçerli olduğunu desteklemektedir. ii) Kubik model için elde edilen uzun dönemli katsayılara göre, gelir ile çevre kirliliği arasında N şeklinde bir ilişki mevcuttur. 
Sanayi Sektörü İş Hacminin Ekonometrik Analizi
Authors: KOSTAKOĞLU Yrd. Doç. Dr. S. Fatih
Published: February 2018

 Ülkelerin üretim kapasiteleri içerisinde özel bir yeri olan sanayi sektörünün nitel ve nicel gelişimlerinin gözlenmesi ekonomik açıdan önemlidir. Bu açıdan bakıldığında, sanayi sektöründeki özellikle nicel gelişimin gözlenmesinde sektörün iş hacmi araştırması kullanılabilir. Sektörün iş hacminin zaman içerisinde izlediği seyrin değerlendirilmesi sektördeki satış miktarı ve ürün fiyatları konusunda bilgi sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışmada, TUİK’den elde edilen 2005:1 ve 2014:12 arası dönemi kapsayan aylık sanayi sektörü ciro endeksi kullanılarak, bu serinin durağanlığı araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada sektörel iş hacminin izlediği patika ve sektöre uygulanacak politikaların etkinliğini analiz etmek için literatüre uygun kırılmalı ve kırılmasız birim kök analizlerine yer verilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular sanayi sektörü ciro endeksinin durağan olmadığı yani dalgalanmaların kalıcı olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. 
Tüketicilerin Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk Algılamalarının Marka Değeri Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: ENGİZEK Arş. Grv. Dr. Nil , YAŞİN Doç. Dr. Bahar
Published: February 2018

 Tüketicilerin kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk algılarının marka değerinin boyutları ve marka değerinin boyutlarının da genel marka değeri üzerindeki etkisinin araştırıldığı bu çalışmada, süt ve süt ürünleri tüketen ve bu ürünleri kendisi satın alan 18 yaş üzeri 341 tüketici ile yüz yüze anket yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın verilerine, söz konusu hipotezleri test etmek için, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve yapısal eşitlik modeli uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, hayırsever yönlü sosyal sorumluluk algısının algılanan kalite üzerinde, düşük olmakla birlikte, anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğunu, ancak marka bağlılığı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığını göstermiştir. Buna karşın ekonomik/etik sorumluluk algısının hem marka bağlılığını hem de algılanan kaliteyi olumlu yönde etkilediği görülmüştür. Ayrıca, marka bağlılığının ve algılanan kalitenin genel marka değeri üzerindeki etkilerinin istatistikî bakımdan anlamlı olduğu ancak marka bağlılığının genel marka değerine katkısının daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür 
Çalışanların İletişim Kaygılarının Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: AYAN Yrd. Doç. Dr. Altan , ÜNSAR Prof. Dr. Agâh Sinan , GÜLBAHAR Kadir
Published: February 2018

 Çalışmada kamu sektörü çalışanlarının iletişim kaygılarının demografik özelliklere göre farklılık gösterip göstermediği araştırılmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemi Edirne’deki kamu sektörü çalışanlarıdır. Araştırmanın evreni ise Marmara bölgesi genelindeki kamu çalışanlarıdır. Bu kapsamda 202 kişiden veriler toplanmıştır. Araştırmada McCroskey’in çalışmaları temelinde geliştirilen iletişim kaygılarının kişisel değerlendirmesi ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada çalışanların sosyo-demografik özelliklerine ilişkin frekans dağılımı, faktör analizi, güvenirlik testi, kolmogorov-smirnov normal dağılım testi, t-testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi uygulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak kadınların grup içinde konuşma kaygısının erkeklerden daha fazla olduğu ve anne eğitim durumu lise olanların toplum içinde konuşma kaygısını daha fazla yaşadığı gözlenmiştir. 
Anadolu Üniversitesi Örgün Öğrencilerinin Üniversitelerine Bağlılıklarının Öğrenci Memnuniyet Modeli ile İncelenmesi
Authors: BÜYÜK Doç.dr. Köksal , AKYILDIZ Yrd.doç.dr. Murat
Published: February 2018

 Yükseköğretim kurumlarının performanslarının öğrencilerinin gözünden değerlendirilmesi son yıllarda giderek önem kazanmaktadır. Yükseköğretim kurumları, öğrencilerinin memnuniyet düzeylerini arttırarak kurumun tercih edilirliğini arttırmak ve küresel eğitim pazarından daha çok pay almak istemektedir. Öğrencilerin gözünden incelendiğinde yüksek ve düşük memnuniyet duyulan boyutların belirlenmesi sayesinde yükseköğretim kurumunun sahip olduğu kaynakların memnuniyeti daha çok arttıracak boyutlara aktarılması imkânı kazanılabilir. Bu çalışmada Anadolu Üniversitesi örgün öğrencilerinin üniversiteye bağlılıkları üniversiteye bağlılık modeli bağlamında incelenmiştir. Üniversiteye bağlılık modeli üniversitenin fiziksel imkânlarına, akademik, sportif ve kültürel faaliyetlerine, öğrencilerin bireysel akademik gelişim süreçlerine, üniversitenin zihinsel imajına ve üniversiteye bağlılığa ilişkin algıları içermektedir. Araştırmada test edilen model öğrencilerin üniversitenin fiziksel imkânlarına, faaliyetlerine ve akademik gelişim imkânlarına yönelik algılarının üniversite imajını etkilediğini, bu faktörlerden etkilenen üniversite imajının ise üniversiteye olan bağlılığı etkilediğini varsaymaktadır. Geliştirilen üniversiteye yönelik görüşler ölçeğinin güvenirlik ve geçerliliğini belirleyebilmek amacıyla doğrulayıcı faktör analizi uygulanmışve tüm boyutların ortalama çıkarılan varyans (AVE) ve birleşik güvenirlikleri (Composite Reliability) 

hesaplanmıştır. Ölçeğin yüksek derecede geçerli [Chi square (c2 = 5268.50, df=1444, p<0.001), Chi square/ df (c2/df=3.65), RMSEA (0.034), NFI (0.97), NNFI (0.98), CFI (0.98), IFI (0.98)] ve güvenilir (boyutların birleşik güvenirlik değerleri 0,77-0,96 arasındadır) olduğu görülmüştür. Ölçeğin uygulanmasından elde edilen veriler ile üniversiteye bağlılık model arasındaki uyumun yüksek olduğu görülmüştür Chi square (c2 = 137.82, df=52, p<0.001), Chi square/df (c2/df=2.65), RMSEA (0.027), NFI (0.99), NNFI (0.99), CFI (1.00), IFI (1.00). Modeli iyiliği katsayıları için elde edilen değerler modelin toplanan verilerle çok iyi uyum sağladığını göstermektedir. Test edilen model öğrencilerin üniversiteye olan bağlılıklarını iyi derecede açıklayabilen bir modeldir. 
Spontaneous Reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions
Authors: Bajaj Jagminder Kaur , Singh Satinder Jeet
Published: February 2018

Drugs are used for the benefit of the patient however drugs also produce adverse drug reactions. Adverse drug reaction is an adverse drug event that results in undesirable or unexpected event that requires some changes in the clinician's care of the patient, modifying a dosage, prolonging hospitalization or administering supportive treatment. Monitoring and Reporting of adverse drug reaction should be a part of comprehensive health care provided to the patients. This letter stresses on the need for the health care professional to report and monitor the adverse drug reactions.
An Overview of Development of Diagnostic Plan for Premenstrual Syndrome
Authors: Jassal Baljit , Bajaj Jagminder Kaur , Kumar Bhupinder
Published: February 2018

Premenstrual syndrome is a psychoneuroendocrine disorder of unknown etiology. It is characterized by a large number of symptom constellations with various characteristic pattern of appearance & disappearance. The Luteal phase symptom pattern of sufficient severity is the mainstay for diagnosing this condition & needs to be confirmed by prospective charting. Variety of tools with different rating scales & criteria are available for this purpose. The article reviews these tools & criteria to reach a consensus statement for diagnosis of Premenstrual syndrome.
Pyogenic Granuloma: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Vaidya Sharad , Kapoor Charu , Ohri Neera , Singh Harkanwal Preet
Published: February 2018

Pyogenic granuloma (lobular capillary hemangioma) is a common acquired vascular lesion of the skin and mucous membranes in the pediatric age group. Pyogenic granuloma and hemangioma of oral cavity are well- known benign lesions. The clinical diagnosis and differentiation of these lesions is at times difficult. The purpose of this article is to report an unusual case of benign tumor occuring on hard palate which was clinically diagnosed as pyogenic granuloma and hiatopathologically as capillary hemangioma.
Follicular Ameloblastoma with Emphasis on Correlation Between Pathological Findings and Clinical Behaviour
Authors: Patel Jaimin , Singh Harkanwal Preet , Paresh Mesurani , Verma Chanchal
Published: February 2018

Ameloblastoma constitutes a homogenous group of neoplasm with mandible as a common site of occurrence in head and neck region. Histologically it appears in different patterns with follicular and plexiform as common one. We hereby report a case of 47 year old male with emphasis on correlation between histological findings and clinical behaviour of lesion. Regular follow up of patients should be carried out to predict the behaviour of this tumour and to ascertain histopathologic correlation to biological behaviour of the tumour.
Computer Aided Drug Designing
Authors: Sehgal Vijay Kumar , Das Supratik , Vardhan Anand
Published: February 2018

Designing of drugs and their development are a time and resource consuming process. There is an increasing effort to introduce the role of computational approach to chemical and biological space in order to organise the design and development of drugs and their optimisation. The role of Computer Aided Drug Designing (CADD) are nowadays expressed in Nanotechnology, Molecular biology, Biochemistry etc. It is a diverse discipline where various forms of applied and basic researches are interlinked with each other. Computer aided or in Silico drug designing is required to detect hits and leads. Optimise/ alter the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity profile and prevent safety issues. Some commonly used computational approaches include ligand-based drug design, structure-based drug design, and quantitative structure-activity and quantitative structure-property relationships. In today's world, due to an avid interest of regulatory agencies and, even pharmaceutical companies in advancing drug discovery and development process by computational means, it is expected that its power will grow as technology continues to evolve. The main purpose of this review article is to give a brief glimpse about the role Computer Aided Drug Design has played in modern medical science and the scope it carries in the near future, in the service of designing newer drugs along with lesser expenditure of time and money.
Utility of Pap Smear Screening for Prevention of Cervical Cancer-A 3yrs Study from Rural Tripura-A Northeastern State of India
Authors: Saha Debashis , Ghosh Sumana , Nath Sanjay , Islam Habibul
Published: February 2018

Background: Cancer cervix is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity among women worldwide. According to National Cancer Registry Program of India, cancers of cervix and breast are leading malignancies in Indian women. The morbidity and mortality could be significantly reduced with an active cervical smear screening programme.

Objective: The study was done to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of women about cervical smear testing, to establish a cervical smear screening program and to evaluate the cervical cytological abnormalities. It was done to determine the applicability, limitations and utility of this screening in a district hospital.

Materials and Methods: A total of 287 married women were included in our study. Knowledge about Pap smear testing was determined through printed questionnaires. Pap smear screening was performed on every woman in our study group. Detailed clinical data and cytology reports were noted in a proforma.

Results: About 92% women of our study group had never heard or undergone Pap smear screening before. Maximum number of patients was in 4th decade. Of the 287 smears, 276(96.16%) were adequate. Normal smear were 78(27.18%), inflammatory 168(58.54%), whereas epithelial cell abnormalities were seen in 26(9.05%) cases. The 26 abnormal cases comprised of 17(5.92%) cases with ASCUS, 5(1.74%) cases of LSIL, 1(0.35%) cases of HSIL, 3(1.04%) cases of squamous cell carcinoma.

Conclusions: Epithelial cell abnormality in our study group was less than Western countries. There is poor knowledge about Pap smear screening. Pap smear study can be easily done through a chain built between the primary health care unit and district hospital and laboratory.
Pathobiological Characteristics of Intestinal and Diffuse-Type of Gastric Carcinoma-Retrospective Study of Gastric Cancers
Authors: Priyadharshini M. , Narmadha R. , Dhanalakshmi S. , Natarajan Rajesh , Subitha S. , Suganthi C. , . Padmavathy
Published: February 2018

Background: Gastric carcinomas have various pathological features. Based on patterns of growth and invasiveness, however, they fall into two types: diffuse type and intestinal type. These two types of carcinoma appear to be different in their histogenetic origins.

Objectives: To analyse various types of gastric cancer reported in last five years. To compare the features of intestinal and diffuse type gastric carcinoma including gross appearance, staging, grading of tumor.

Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 324 gastric cancer which were surgically resected and received over 5 years. The tumors were divided into groups according to their gross and microscopic patterns. Gross appearance was classified based on Borrmann classification. Microscopic features evaluated include tumor cell type, extent of invasion, degree of maturation, formation of glandular structures, nodal metastasis.

Results: Totally 320 cases of gastric cancer were received of which 218(68%) were male, 102(32%) were female. Gastric cancers are rare below the age of 30 years. Comparing the type of gastric cancer intestinal type were 269(84%), diffuse type were 24(7.5%) and other type of gastric cancer including GIST, lymphoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma were 27(8.5%). Younger patients have higher stage of lymph node metastasis in diffuse type, but not for the intestinal type.

Conclusion: Gastric cancer more common in male (M:F= 2:1) and most frequently seen in 5th decade. Intestinal type constitutes the most common type of gastric tumor. Gross appearance of diffuse type was predominantly infiltrative (79%).
Role of Stress in Newly Detected Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension
Authors: Kaur Bavneet , Bedi Upneet
Published: February 2018

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension are chronic diseases whose prevalence is increasing globally. Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetes and hypertension, and lifestyle and clinical risk factor do not fully account for the link between the conditions.

Objective: This study provides an overview of the evidences concerning the role of stressful life events as contributors of increasing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension in the population.

Material and Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study comprising of 80 random cases of newly detected type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Strength of association with the outcome endurance of diabetes mellitus and hypertension with stress levels grouped as slight risk, moderate risk and at risk was evaluated and reported as RR (relative risk) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) x^2 used for trend, p-value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results: Strong association found between exposure to stress and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (RR=1.51, 95% CI=1.09-2.10) (p=0.02). A positive linear trend was observed between hypertension and stress. For SBP (x^2 for trend=18.5, df=2, p=0.0001 highly significant). DBP 7 times more risk of developing hypertension (RR=7.36, 95% CI=1.27-4.94), p=0.0006 (highly significant).

Conclusion: Strong association was found between stress and development of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In hypertensive's a positive linear trend was seen between the two variables. In the diabetics, the relative risk with stress was 1.5 times. Stressful life events increase the risk of developing Type2 diabetes and hypertension.
Amyloidosis Presenting as Severe Bleeding Diathesis
Authors: Tripathi Preeti , Pati H. P. , Tyagi Seema , Mahapatra M. , Ahuja Ankur , Saxena Renu
Published: February 2018

Bleeding is one of the rare presentations of Amyloidosis. The mechanism behind spontaneous or peri- interventional bleeding in patients of amyloidosis is complex and involves multiple co-existing factors like coagulation factor deficiency, abnormal synthesis of coagulation factors due to advanced liver dysfunction, acquired Von Willebrand disease, platelet dysfunction, amyloid angiopathy and other unknown mechanisms. We present a case of middle aged female, presenting with spontaneous retroperitoneal haemorrhage, on further investigations was found to have systemic amyloidosis and secondary severe factor X deficiency (2.7 % of normal by one stage factor assay method). Factor X deficiency (both inherited and acquired) is known to present with the most severe bleeding phenotype. The management option for such acute spontaneous haemorrhage is limited and mostly supportive in nature. Definitive treatment is directed towards the primary pathology and requires chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Lactating Mothers: Descriptive Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Singh Jatinder , Bhardwar Vaneeta , Kumra Anchal
Published: February 2018

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is the best nutrition for children during the first six months of life. However EBF remains a challenge.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards EBF among lactating mothers.

Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 350 mothers using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire using 'recall since birth' method. Systematic random sampling was used to select the study participants and descriptive statistics were conducted.

Results: Out of 350 lactating women, maximum women belonged to the age group of 26 to 30 years (31.4%). Maximum of them were from nuclear family (71.7%). 320 lactating mother (91.4%) of study participants had information about EBF.

Conclusion: The majority of mothers knew about EBF and had a positive attitude towards EBF but did not know the recommended duration or that EBF is sufficient for six months. Breastfeeding counselling and health education on nutrition to the mother by health workers should be promoted.
Multiple Calcified Scrotal Sebaceous Cysts: A Rare Case Presentation
Authors: Lamba Randeep Singh , Uppal Manjit Singh , Mittal Seema , Kohli Manu , Singh Jagpreet
Published: February 2018

A sebaceous cyst is a retention cyst. The classical management of scrotal sebaceous cysts is complete surgical excision and in the current era and as expected from the patient from the doctor and as the duty of the doctor, excellent outcome, minimal morbidity with good cosmetic results.
Adaptação nutricional diante da doença celíaca desencadeada pela intolerância ao glúten
Authors: Almeida Francileuda Batista de , Cabral Symara Abrantes Albuquerque de Oliveira , Alencar Maria Carmem Batista de , Sousa Josefa Beatriz Gomes de , Cabral Bruno Albuquerque Gondim
Published: February 2018

A intolerância ao glúten que desencadeia a doença celíaca DC tem analises e estudo a mais de dois séculos, glúten proteína presente nas farinhas, o doente celíaco tem como sintomas distúrbios gastrointestinais ente outros problemas de saúde decorrente de dietas a parti de alimentos que contem glúten. A partir de tais pressupostos, pretendeu-se com o trabalho de revisão, analisar a necessidade de adaptações nutricionais mediante a doença celíaca desencadeada pela intolerância ao glúten. Neste sentido, tem-se que os sintomas apesentam de formas típicas e atípicas. Fatores intrínsecos também contribuem para o problema tais com os imunológicos, genéticos e ambientais. Estudos comprovam que para melhor convivência com o problema o paciente celíaco deve obter todas as informações tanto do corpo clínico que lhe assiste quanto dos exames realizados como e o caso da biopsia do intestino. O tratamento se baseia em ingestão de dieta sem glúten, antes era difícil encontrar no mercado mais hoje já existem formulações sem glúten bolos goma xantana e biscoito de farrinha de palmeia real. Este trabalho descreve em formato de revisão bibliográfica este assunto.

Nutritional adaptation faced with celiac disease triggered by intolerance to gluten

Abstract: The intolerance to gluten that triggers the DC celiac disease has analysis and study more than two centuries, gluten protein found in flour, the patient celiac has the symptoms gastrointestinal being disorders other health problems due to diet the left of foods containing gluten. Based on these assumptions, it was intended with the revision work, examine the need for nutritional adaptations by celiac disease triggered by intolerance to gluten-. In this sense, it has to be apesentam symptoms of typical and atypical forms. Intrinsic factors also contribute to the problem with such immunological, genetic and environmental. Studies show that for better interaction with the patient celiac problem should get all the information from both the medical staff that assists you how much of examinations as is the case of bowel biopsy. The treatment is based on gluten-free diet intake before was difficult to find today in the already existing formulations gluten-free cakes xanthan gum and real palmeia binge biscuit market. The study presents literature review format this.

 
Evaluation of Academic Competencies Through Standardized Instruments
Authors: Santiago Gómez Gema , Redondo Duarte Sara , Garcia López Oscar
Published: February 2018

The aim of this investigation is to assess the correlation among different competencies-assessment systems available on the market to measure social skills in the university environment. In order to carry out the research, three self-perception competency tests were used, and 30 competencies were evaluated in a Likert scale with several response levels: the LPA-Q, the ESCI-U, and the CompeUEM. The three questionnaires were completed by 57 university students. The results show a low degree of agreement among the different questionnaires in relation to measuring the same competencies, as well as an unclear factor structure.
Corporate Credit Risk Assessment of BIST Companies
Authors: Erdogan Olcay , Konakli Zafer
Published: February 2018

Assessing credit risk allows financial institutions to plan future loans freely, to achieve targeted risk management and gain maximum profitability. In this study, the constructed risk assessment models are on a sample data which consists of financial ratios of enterprises listed in the Bourse Istanbul (BIST). 356 enterprises are classified into three levels as the investment, speculative and below investment groups by ten parameters. The applied methods are discriminant analysis, k nearest neighbor (k-NN), support vector machines (SVM), decision trees (DT) and a new hybrid model, namely Artificial Neural Networks with Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS). This study will provide a comparison of models to build better mechanisms for preventing risk to minimize the loss arising from defaults. The results indicated that the decision tree models achieve a superior accuracy for the prediction of failure. The model we proposed as an innovation has an adequate performance among the applied models
The Nexus Between Fatigue Indices and Coping Strategies in Sports Among Oyo State Special Athletes
Authors: Komolafe Adebayo Francis
Published: February 2018

Disability sports have acquired an indispensable status in the life of many nations and the special athlete as a whole. Special athletes are exposed to a number of intense physical and psychosocial activities and they needed to make use of a set of cognitive and behavioural strategies in order to cope with these challenges and related fatigue. Hitherto, previous studies had focused largely on adaptive sports and effects of sporting activities on persons with disability without establishing a link between disabled athlete’s use of coping strategies and their achievement motivation. Therefore, it is on this premise that this study harps on the relationship between fatigue indices and coping strategies among Oyo State special athletes. Descriptive survey design using purposive sampling technique was employed. Participants of the study include all the registered special athletes in Oyo State comprising of one hundred and twenty three (123) athletes. Two standardized instruments, thus, Modified fatigue impact scale (r=0.384) and Athletic coping skills inventory (r=0.514) were both employed. Altogether, five hypotheses were tested at 0.05 significant level, and parametric statistics, Pearsons Product moment correlation, and multiple regression analysis were used to analyse the data. Findings revealed significant effect of two independent variables on the dependent variable: cognitive style (β=0.294, r=0.514, P<0.05) and psychosocial factors (β=0.236, r=0.499, P<0.05), while modified fatigue impact has no significant relative effect on coping strategies. The composite effect of independent variables (Modified Fatigue Impact, Cognitive style and Psychosocial Factor) on Athletic coping skills was significant ((F(3,119)=166.777) and about 30% of the variation was accounted for by the independent variables as explained by the adjusted R square. It is therefore recommended that the relationship between fatigue indices and coping strategies is high and the higher the individuals rated their coping with fatigue caused by their disabilities, the lower they scored on fatigue experiences. The more they used coping strategies, the more efficient they coped with fatigue.
Contracting Institutions, Property Rights and Economic Growth in the Post-90s Albania
Authors: Curcija Mario
Published: February 2018

Economists often emphasize the role of institutions in order to explain the difference in wealth and development among different countries and in their researches they mark correlation between institution and economic development. This paper tests the validity of these models referring to Albania using time-series data from 1993 to 2015. There is evidence of significant positive effect of property rights on economic growth and credit to private sector, while there is evidenced insignificant impact of contracting institutions on economic outputs. A plausible explanation of these differences may be the different flexibility towards changes on property right institution rather than contracting institutions.
Corporate Social Responsibility in Food and Beverage Industry: An Analysis Study of Soft Drinks Sector in Algeria
Authors: Boumediene Ounane , El Houda Yahiaoui Nour
Published: February 2018

The aim of this study is to highlight the most important issues of social responsibility for companies in the Algerian beverage sector. In Algeria, despite growing concerns of consumers and health advocates in effects associated with high levels of consumption of beverages on public health, along with other issues such as; the quality of drinks, percentage of sugar, ingredients, packaging. Studies dealing with social responsibility in this sector are rather scarce. Our results show that applying CSR principles stills not very common in this field and too much efforts are needed in order to legitimize the activity of the enterprises, likewise an increasing acceptance of social responsibility principles so that to establish the rules of ethical practices in the future. Finally, some urgent measures, such as installing a good information system as well as a set of laws and standards that regulates CSR, and reducing the effect of the informal sector should be undertaken by the Algerian government.
Eco-Innovation and Service Activities in the Context of Sustainable Development in Romania
Authors: Irina Rabontu Cecilia , Gabriela Babucea Ana
Published: February 2018

Eco-innovation and sustainability are two concepts that follow the same driving direction in the sense that it determines each other having as purpose a decrease of the impact way of production on the environment by increasing the resistance of nature to environmental pressures and, not least, by obtaining a use of natural resources in an efficient and responsible way. The action of all stakeholders and all economic sectors in reducing aggression on the environment are increasingly asserting more stringent if there are taken into consideration the climate change or diminishing resources and biodiversity, eco-innovation being seen as an opportunity for businesses of any kind and with any object of activity. Service activities can be the beneficiaries of eco-innovation through the emergence and development of high-tech services. But, need to be aware also of the role they play in the environmental protection, in this way exemplifying a small part of them, namely: services of research and development leading to products and innovative services, sanitation services, waste management services where ecology is already a brand presentation and we refer here to ecological tourism services, etc. All these issues can lead to increased quality of life and create new jobs, for which we intend to analyze how can influence healthy to each other two actual concepts namely service activities, innovation and ecology. We also follow to determine how eco-innovation can contribute to the development of innovative services and together can reduce the adverse environmental effects by promoting healthy development and a sustainable economy. In order to achieve the objectives proposed, we analyzed the main literature on this subject and used descriptive statistical methods for interpreted the statistical data available in the official databases. The results of this study establish the relationship between eco-innovation, services, and sustainable development on the one hand, as to identify the place of Romania in the Eco- Innovation Scoreboard - Eco-IS in the European context and the exact situation existing in Romania in relation to support services for the ecoinnovation process, on the other hand.
Household and Contextual Factors Influencing Payment of Education by Households in Ghana
Authors: Abbam Anthony
Published: February 2018

Using data from the sixth round of the Ghana Household Living Standards Survey, this paper examines issues relating to household educational expenditure with a view to deriving implications for policy direction. The key findings from the estimated Tobit model in this paper are as follows: First, household income has significant positive influence on household expenditure on education. Thus, increase in household income is associated with an increase in educational expenditure. Second, there was a negative significant relationship between household poverty and demand for education. Third, female headed household is a positive significant determinant of expenditure on education. Finally, contextual factors such as locality are very crucial in determining household educational expenditures. The paper recommends for equality of educational opportunity so that children from economically handicapped families and less endowed communities have the same playing field as their well-to-do counterparts. Further, policy strategies to improve income generating activities of households should be pursued and the design of schemes specifically to offer assistance for those who are economically vulnerable.
The Impact of Intellectual Capital on Firm Performance of the Turkish Real Estate Companies Before and After the Crisis
Authors: Nassar Sedeaq
Published: February 2018

Purpose- The main purpose of this study is to find the impact of intellectual capital on firm performance of real estate companies listed in Borsa Istanbul, using data of 27 listed companies over the period 2004-2015. Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC) method is utilized as a measure of intellectual capital (IC). Methodology- An OLS regression is used to examine the impact of intellectual capital (VAIC); Human capital efficiency (HCE), Structural capital efficiency (SCE), and Capital employed efficiency (CEE) on market, productivity, and financial performance. Findings- The findings show that SCE consider as a key role of value creation in real estate companies where has a positive significant relation with MB, ROE, and EPS before the crisis and with ROA and ROE after the crisis. HCE show a positive significant relation with ROA and ROE before the crisis and a negative significant association with MBand ATO after the crisis. CEE show a negative significant impact on ATO after the crisis. VAIC shows a significant positive impact on ROA, ROE, and EPS before the crisis, while it has the same relation with ROE after the crisis. Conclusion- Although the good result of using intellectual capital for value creation, real estate Turkish companies still weakly depend on its intellectual capital.