bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reported muscle symptoms during statin treatment amongst Italian dyslipidaemic patients in the real‐life setting: the PROSISA Study
Authors: Casula M. , Gazzotti M. , Bonaiti F. , OImastroni E. , Arca M. , Averna M. , Zambon A. , Catapano A.L. ,   the PROSISA Study Group
Published: December 2020

Aim

Statin‐associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) are a major determinant of poor treatment adherence and/or discontinuation, but a definitive diagnosis of SAMS is challenging. The PROSISA study was an observational retrospective study aimed to assess the prevalence of reported SAMS in a cohort of dyslipidaemic patients.

Methods

Demographic/anamnestic data, biochemical values and occurrence of SAMS were collected by 23 Italian Lipid Clinics. Adjusted logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals for association between probability of reporting SAMS and several factors.

Results

Analyses were carried out on 16 717 statin‐treated patients (mean ± SD, age 60.5 ± 12.0 years; 52.1% men). During statin therapy, 9.6% (N = 1599) of patients reported SAMS. Women and physically active subjects were more likely to report SAMS (OR 1.23 [1.10–1.37] and OR 1.35 [1.14–1.60], respectively), whist age ≥ 65 (OR 0.79 [0.70–0.89]), presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR 0.62 [0.51–0.74]), use of concomitant nonstatin lipid‐lowering drugs (OR 0.87 [0.76–0.99]), use of high‐intensity statins (OR 0.79 [0.69–0.90]) and use of potential interacting drugs (OR 0.63 [0.48–0.84]) were associated with lower probability of reporting SAMS. Amongst patients reporting SAMS, 82.2% underwent dechallenge (treatment interruption) and/or rechallenge (change or restart of statin therapy), with reappearance of muscular symptoms in 38.4% (3.01% of the whole cohort).

Conclusions

The reported prevalence of SAMS was 9.6% of the whole PROSISA cohort, but only a third of patients still reported SAMS after dechallenge/rechallenge. These results emphasize the need for a better management of SAMS to implement a more accurate diagnosis and treatment re‐evaluation.
Designing future crops: challenges and strategies for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Tian Zhixi , Wang Jia‐Wei , Li Jiayang , Han Bin
Published: December 2020

Crop production is facing unprecedented challenges. Despite the fact that the food supply has significantly increased over the past half‐century, ~8.9 and 14.3% people are still suffering from hunger and malnutrition, respectively. Agricultural environments are continuously threatened by a booming world population, a shortage of arable land, and rapid changes in climate. To ensure food and ecosystem security, there is a need to design future crops for sustainable agriculture development by maximizing net production and minimalizing undesirable effects on the environment. The future crops design projects, recently launched by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), aim to develop a roadmap for rapid design of customized future crops using cutting‐edge technologies in the Breeding 4.0 era. In this perspective, we first introduce the background and missions of these projects. We then outline strategies to design future crops, such as improvement of current well‐cultivated crops, de novo domestication of wild species and redomestication of current cultivated crops. We further discuss how these ambitious goals can be achieved by the recent development of new integrative omics tools, advanced genome‐editing tools and synthetic biology approaches. Finally, we summarize related opportunities and challenges in these projects.
Uncertainty Quantification of Viscoplastic Parameters for Grade 91 Steel Through Bayesian Analysis
Authors: Chakraborty Aritra , Messner M. C. , Sham T.-L.
Published: December 2020

Calibrating inelastic models for high temperature materials used in advanced reactor heat exchangers is a critical aspect in accurately predicting their deformation behavior under different loading conditions, and thus determining the corresponding failure times. The experimental data against which these models are calibrated often contains a wide degree of variability caused by heat-to-heat material property variations and general experimental uncertainty. Most often, model calibration is done against mean of these experimental data without considering this variability. In this work we aim to capture the bounds of the viscoplastic parameter uncertainties that enclose this observed scatter in the experimental data using Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. Bayesian inference provides a probabilistic framework that allows to coherently quantify parameter uncertainties based on some prior parameter distributions and the available data. To perform the statistical Bayesian MCMC analysis, a pre-calibrated model, fitted against mean of the experimental data, is used as an initial guess for the prior distribution and bounds, while further sampling is done using Meteropolis–Hastings algorithm for four Markov chains in tandem, to finally obtain the posterior distribution of the model parameters. Since different inelastic parameters are sensitive to different tests, data from multiple experimental conditions (tensile, and creep) are combined to capture the bounds in all the parameters. The developed statistical model reasonably captures the scatter observed in the experimental data. Quantifying uncertainty in inelastic models will improve high temperature engineering design practice and lead to safer, more effective component designs.
Effect of flow on an array of Helmholtz resonators: Is Kevlar a “magic layer”?
Authors: D'Elia M. E. , Humbert T. , Aurégan Y.
Published: December 2020

The effects of flow on the acoustic behavior of metamaterials can be very significant and possibly destructive. To avoid these detrimental effects, it would be a good idea to have a “magic layer” that allows acoustics to pass through while suppressing the sound-flow interactions. A possible realization of this layer based on Kevlar fabric is tested in this paper. It is shown that, in the presence of Kevlar, flow-sound interactions that can lead to acoustic amplification and whistling phenomena are avoided. Thus, Kevlar will permit liner designs including large slits. However, it adds large acoustic losses, which limits interesting resonance effects in applications.
REVIEWS OF ACOUSTICAL PATENTS
Authors: Fulop Sean A.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of these acoustical patent reviews is to provide enough information for a Journal reader to decide whether to seek more information from the patent itself. Any opinions expressed here are those of the reviewers as individuals and are not legal opinions. Patents are available via the internet at the USPTO website, and also using Google Patents.
Role of Glutathione in Buffering Excess Intracellular Copper in
Streptococcus pyogenes
Authors: Stewart Louisa J. , Ong Cheryl-lynn Y. , Zhang May M. , Brouwer Stephan , McIntyre Liam , Davies Mark R. , Walker Mark J. , McEwan Alastair G. , Waldron Kevin J. , Djoko Karrera Y.
Published: December 2020

The control of intracellular metal availability is fundamental to bacterial physiology. In the case of copper (Cu), it has been established that rising intracellular Cu levels eventually fill the metal-sensing site of the endogenous Cu-sensing transcriptional regulator, which in turn induces transcription of a copper export pump. This response caps intracellular Cu availability below a well-defined threshold and prevents Cu toxicity. Glutathione, abundant in many bacteria, is known to bind Cu and has long been assumed to contribute to bacterial Cu handling. However, there is some ambiguity since neither its biosynthesis nor uptake is Cu-regulated. Furthermore, there is little experimental support for this physiological role of glutathione beyond measuring growth of glutathione-deficient mutants in the presence of Cu. Our work with group A
Streptococcus
provides new evidence that glutathione increases the threshold of intracellular Cu availability that can be tolerated by bacteria and thus advances fundamental understanding of bacterial Cu handling.
Combinatorial Biosynthesis of Sulfated Benzenediol Lactones with a Phenolic Sulfotransferase from Fusarium graminearum PH-1
Authors: Xie Linan , Xiao Dongliang , Wang Xiaojing , Wang Chen , Bai Jing , Yue Qun , Yue Haitao , Li Ye , Molnár István , Xu Yuquan , Zhang Liwen
Published: December 2020

Sulfation is an expedient strategy to increase the solubility, bioavailability, and bioactivity of nutraceuticals and clinically important drugs. However, chemical or biological synthesis of sulfoconjugates is challenging.
Supplemental Material: Plutonic record of a caldera-forming silicic eruption: The shatter zone of the Cadillac Mountain granite, coastal Maine
Authors: Wiebe R.A. , al. et
Published: December 2020

Table S1: Whole-rock geochemistry of the Cadillac Mountain granite. Table S2: Whole-rock geochemistry of four types of granitic matrix in the shatter zone. Table S3: Profiles of chemical compositions of zoned alkali feldspar in specimen MDI-122B.
Axial muscle weakness
Authors: Waheed Waqar , Allison James Brian , Dewitt John , Hallman Sharon , Tandan Rup
Published: December 2020

Axial myopathy is a rare neuromuscular disorder characterised by selective involvement of the paraspinal muscles, and presenting either as a bent spine and/or dropped head syndrome. The axial muscles can be involved in various conditions, including neuromuscular disease, movement disorders, spinal disease and metabolic disorders. There have been recent descriptions of disorders with selective axial muscle involvement, but overall axial myopathy remains under-recognised. Here, we review disorders of axial muscle function, provide guidance on interpreting axial muscles imaging and suggest a diagnostic algorithm to evaluate patients with axial muscles weakness.
Synthesis and in vitro Evaluation of Tamoxifen-Loaded Gelatin as Effective Nanocomplex in Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Faramarzi Nasrin , Mohammadnejad Javad , Jafary Hanieh , Narmani Asghar , Koosha Mojtaba , Motlagh Behrooz
Published: December 2020

Recently, using gelatin nanoparticles as a biocompatible carrier in drug delivery systems is growing up. Drug delivery is one of the most common applications of nanoparticles in cancer treatment in order to optimize the drug efficiency. In this study, gelatin nanoparticles were firstly synthesized and loaded with tamoxifen that subsequently characterized by SEM, TGA and FT-IR analyses. The approximate drug loading efficiency was calculated about 17.43% for tamoxifen-loaded gelatin (TG). Then, the effect of TG on apoptosis induction and cytotoxicity of MCF-7 cell line was evaluated and compared with flow cytometry and MTT assay. The MTT results showed that tamoxifen and TG nanoparticles could inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a dose-responsive manner, with an IC[Formula: see text] of IC[Formula: see text] of 200 [Formula: see text]g/mL and 50 [Formula: see text]g/mL after 24[Formula: see text]h and 48[Formula: see text]h, respectively. Moreover, from flow cytometric results, it can be suggested that TG nanoparticles are more potent in inducing apoptosis and cell death through programmed cell death. Actually, TG nanoparticles primarily increased the early apoptotic cells during the 24-h incubation period Our results revealed that tamoxifen-loaded gelatin nanoparticles are more potent than tamoxifen alone. These findings support the use of tamoxifen-loaded gelatin nanoparticles in target-specific therapy for cancer treatment.
Soft Direct Sum of Soft Int-Rings and Soft Principal Int-Ideal
Authors: Ghosh Jayanta , Mandal Dhananjoy , Samanta Tapas Kumar
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the notion of soft elementwise ring is introduced and it is shown that the concepts of soft elementwise ring and soft int-ring of a ring are equivalent. The concept of soft direct sum of soft int-rings is defined and some equivalent conditions are given. The notions of minimal generating set for a soft int-ideal and soft principal int-ideal are presented. Some properties of soft principal int-ideal are discussed.
Studies on Fe/Fe Redox Flow Batteries with Recombination Cell
Authors: Noack Jens , Wernado Mike , Roznyatovskaya Nataliya , Ortner Jens , Pinkwart Karsten
Published: December 2020

Different Fe/Fe redox flow batteries were constructed and investigated. The aim of the work was to assess the feasibility of Fe/Fe redox flow batteries as potentially inexpensive candidates for stationary energy storage for renewable energy. A recombination cell was developed and integrated into the battery. The recombination cell should prevent irreversible loss of capacity caused by hydrogen generation. Furthermore, electrolyte regeneration experiments with external hydrogen were conducted to reverse irreversible losses. With the battery and recombination cell up to 100 two-hour charge and discharge cycles were carried out and different materials were investigated. Different substrate materials for iron deposition were compared and different microporous and ion exchange membranes were used. A kynol fabric achieved the best performance and all membranes investigated showed potential applications. An optimized battery achieved up to 70% energy efficiency at 12.5 mA cm−2 and max. 47 mW cm−2 power density at 75 mA cm−2.
Effect of Radical–Solvent Interaction on Battery Performance in Benzophenone-Based Charge Storage Systems
Authors: Kim Hyun-seung , Ryu Ji Heon , Oh Seung M.
Published: December 2020

The reversibility and redox potential of a benzophenone negative redox couple are enhanced by utilizing a supporting electrolyte based on a low-dielectric and less polar solvent for non-aqueous flow batteries. The benzophenone redox couple generates a ketyl radical after reduction, and the solvent–benzophenone radical interaction considerably affected the reversibility and redox potential of benzophenone. The major factor causing these desirable changes in the electrochemical characteristics is the polarity of the solvents, which is directly correlated with the solvent–redox couple interaction strength. The solvent affects the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level of benzophenone, which is higher in less polar solvents than in high-dielectric solvents. This leads to a negative shift in the redox potential of benzophenone. Furthermore, reducing the polarity of the solvent enhances the chemical reversibility of the redox couple and the Coulombic efficiency of the cell. Computational analysis reveals that the less polar solvent undergoes less chemical degradation after reduction because the kinetic barrier for binding the ketyl radical to the solvent molecule increases.
LiF as an Alloy Component or Slurry Additive in Si-Alloy Anodes
Authors: Young R. S. , Scott B. , Wei Congxiao , Obrovac M. N.
Published: December 2020

Electrolyte additives are commonly used to improve electrochemical performance in Li-ion cells. The use of solids as electrolyte additives is far less common. Here, Si40′(FeSi2)(60−x)′(LiF)(x)′ (′ = volume percent) alloys with LiF incorporated in the alloy as a solid electrolyte additive are studied. Improved capacity retention was observed for LiF-containing alloys with x < 12, with optimum performance at x = 6. Improvements in electrochemical performance of Si-Fe alloys were also observed when LiF was introduced as a slurry additive. The use of solids as electrolyte additives may be a valuable method for improving electrochemical performance of Si-alloy negative electrodes.
Plasma Proteome Profiling of Coronary Artery Disease Patients: Downregulation of Transthyretin—An Important Event
Authors: Monu  , Kharb Rupsi , Sharma Ankita , Chaddar Monu Kumar , Yadav Rakesh , Agnihotri Prachi , Kar Anand , Biswas Sagarika
Published: December 2020

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory cardiac disorder. An early diagnosis is likely to help in the prevention and proper management of this disease. As the study of proteomics provides the potential markers for detection of a disease, in the present investigation, attempt has been made to identify disease-associated differential proteins involved in CAD pathogenesis. For this study, a total of 200 selected CAD patients were considered, who were recruited for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) treatment. The proteomic analysis was performed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and MALDI-TOF MS/MS. Samples were also subjected to Western blot analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolation immunofluorescence (IF) analysis, analytical screening by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and in silico analysis. The representative data were shown asmean±SDof at least three experiments. A total of 19 proteins were identified. Among them, the most abundant five proteins (serotransferrin, talin-1, alpha-2HS glycoprotein, transthyretin (TTR), fibrinogen-α chain) were found to have altered level in CAD. Serotransferrin, talin-1, alpha-2HS glycoprotein, and transthyretin (TTR) were found to have lower level, whereas fibrinogen-α chain was found to have higher level in CAD plasma compared to healthy, confirmed by Western blot analysis. TTR, an important acute phase transport protein, was validated low level in 200 CAD patients who confirmed to undergo PCI treatment. Further, in silico and in vitro studies of TTR indicated a downexpression of CAD in plasma as compared to the plasma of healthy individuals. Lower level of plasma TTR was determined to be an important risk marker in the atherosclerotic-approved CAD patients. We suggest that the TTR lower level predicts disease severity and hence may serve as an important marker tool for CAD screening. However, further large-scale studies are required to determine the clinical significance of TTR.
How Does Internet Information Affect Oil Price Fluctuations? Evidence from the Hot Degree of Market
Authors: Zhao Lu-Tao , Guo Shi-Qiu , Miao Jing , He Ling-Yun
Published: December 2020

Not only the fundamentals of supply and demand but also international oil prices are affected by nonfundamental indicators such as emergencies. With the development of big data technology, many unstructured and semistructured factors can be reflected through Internet information. Based on this, this paper proposes a HD-based oil price forecasting model to explore the impact of Internet information on international oil prices. Firstly, we use LDA and other methods to extract topics from massive online news. Secondly, based on conditional probability and correlation, the positive hot degree (PHD) and negative hot degree (NHD) of the oil market are constructed to realize the quantitative representation of Internet information. Finally, the SVAR method is established to explore the interactive relationship between HD and oil prices. The empirical results indicate that PHD and NHD have a better ability to predict international oil prices compared with Google Trends which is widely used in the other research. In addition, PHD has a significant positive impact on oil prices and NHD has a negative impact. In the long term, PHD accounts for 51.00% of oil price fluctuations, ranking the first among relevant influencing factors. The findings of this paper can provide support to investors and policy-makers.
ATP13A2 Gene Variants in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease in Xinjiang
Authors: Wang Dan , Gao Hua , Li Yanxia , Jiang Sen , Yang Xinling
Published: December 2020

Objective. To analyze the ATP13A2 gene variants in the Han and Uyghur populations residing in Xinjiang and to determine their correlation with the risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods. Four ATP13A2 SNVs—rs56367069 (Arg294Gln), rs151117874 (Thr12Met), rs147277743 (Ala746Thr), and rs2076603—were analyzed in 218 patients (75 Uyghurs and 143 Hans) with sporadic PD and 234 healthy controls (90 Uyghurs and 144 Hans) by Sanger DNA sequencing. Results. Only one Han patient harbored the AG genotype of the rs147277743 SNV, indicating a frequency of 0.46% in the Han population. In addition, this SNV was not associated with PD risk. The rs2076603 SNV was correlated with PD development, and the A allele in particular was significantly different across ethnicity and age. The rs56367069 and rs151117874 SNVs were not detected in the entire cohort. Conclusion. ATP13A2 rs2076603 SNV is associated with PD susceptibility, and the A allele is a PD protective factor in the Han population.
Circulating Cytokines and Lymphocyte Subsets in Patients Who Have Recovered from COVID‐19
Authors: Hasichaolu  , Zhang Xinri , Li Xin , Li Xin , Li Dongyan
Published: December 2020

To investigate the immune status of people who previously had COVID‐19 infections, we recruited two‐week postrecovery patients and analyzed circulating cytokine and lymphocyte subsets. We measured levels of total lymphocytes, CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, and CD56+ NK cells and the serum concentrations of interleukin‐ (IL‐) 1, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), and interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) by flow cytometry. We found that in most postrecovery patients, levels of total lymphocytes (66.67%), CD3+ T cells (54.55%), CD4+ T cells (54.55%), CD8+ T cells (81.82%), CD19+ B cells (69.70%), and CD56+ NK cells (51.52%) remained lower than normal, whereas most patients showed normal levels of IL‐2 (100%), IL‐4 (80.88%), IL‐6 (79.41%), IL‐10 (98.53%), TNF‐α (89.71%), IFN‐γ (100%), and IL‐17 (97.06%). Compared to healthy controls, two‐week postrecovery patients had significantly lower absolute numbers of total lymphocytes, CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, and CD56+ NK cells, along with significantly higher levels of IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, and IL‐17. Among postrecovery patients, T cells, particularly CD4+ T cells, were positively correlated with CD19+ B cell counts. Additionally, CD8+ T cells were positively correlated with CD4+ T cells and IL‐2 levels, and IL‐6 positively correlated with TNF‐α and IFN‐γ. These correlations were not observed in healthy controls. By ROC curve analysis, postrecovery decreases in lymphocyte subsets and increases in cytokines were identified as independent predictors of rehabilitation efficacy. These findings indicate that the immune system gradually recovers following COVID‐19 infection; however, the sustained hyperinflammatory response for more than 14 days suggests a need to continue medical observation following discharge from the hospital. Longitudinal studies of a larger cohort of recovered patients are needed to fully understand the consequences of the infection.
Fracture Failure Characteristics of Jointed Sandstone under Uniaxial Compression
Authors: Su Ronghua , Liu Xiaolin
Published: December 2020

Jointed rocks are ubiquitous in the complex environments (coupled heat and moisture conditions) encountered in deep underground mining. To investigate the influence of the joint locations on the strength, deformation, and fracture failure characteristics of the jointed sandstone, uniaxial compression tests were carried out for sandstone specimens in a natural moisture state and with a preexisting joint in different locations. The entire test process was recorded by a dynamic strain acquisition system and digital speckle observation equipment. The results show that the peak strength weakening of the jointed sandstone was different with different joint positions. The residual strength and lateral deformation of the jointed sandstone were affected by the location of the joint. The joint locations dominated the evolution of the fractures in the sandstone and influenced the failure mode. The fracture evolution in sandstone with a joint in the middle was characterized by the closure of the fractures away from the starting position and was finally destroyed by the combination of shearing and splitting. The evolution of fractures in the sandstone with a joint at the bottom was stopped on the other side, which was eventually sheared across the joint. Besides, based on fractal theory, the fracture distribution on the specimen surface was analysed at certain points (first appearance of fracture, peak point) and the final destruction state during the fracture evolution. The fractal dimension was obtained, which further characterizes the fracture evolution and failure of sandstone with a joint at different locations.
Nonlinear AVA Inversion Based on a Novel Quadratic Approximation for Fluid Discrimination
Authors: Zhou Lin , Liu Xingye , Yang Tianchun , Liao Jianping , Zhu Mingfeng , Zhang Gan
Published: December 2020

Fluid discrimination plays an important role in reservoir exploration and development. At present, the fluid factors used for fluid discrimination are estimated by linear AVA inversion methods based on the linear approximations of the Zoeppritz equations. However, the Zoeppritz equations show that the relationship between prestack AVA reflection coefficients and reservoir parameters is highly nonlinear. Therefore, inversion methods based on linear approximations will seriously influence the nonuniqueness and uncertainty of inversion results. In this paper, a nonlinear inversion based on the quadratic approximation is carried out to reduce the nonuniqueness and uncertainty of fluid factor. Firstly, in order to directly invert the fluid factor, a novel quadratic approximation in terms of the fluid factor (ρf), shear modulus, and density on both sides of the reflection interface is derived based on poroelasticity theory. Then, a nonlinear inversion objective function is constructed using the novel quadratic approximation in a Bayesian framework, and the Gauss-Newton method is adopted to minimize this objective function. The synthetic data example shows that the new method can obtain reasonable fluid factor inversion results even in low SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) case. Finally, the proposed method is also applied to field data which shows that it can effectively discriminate reservoir fluids.
First report of the genus Kohliella Brauns, 1910 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae: Crabroninae) from India with the species K. anula Pulawski, 1991 from Kerala
Authors: MAWADDA N.V. AYISHA , KUMAR P. GIRISH , SURESHAN P.M.
Published: December 2020

The digger wasp genus Kohliella Brauns, 1910, a member of the tribe Larrini, subfamily Crabroninae of the family Crabronidae, is a rarely occurring genus comprising only three known species worldwide (Pulawski 1991; 2020). The genus has been recorded from the Ethiopian (South Africa and Zimbabwe; two species) and Oriental (Sri Lanka; one species) regions. Brauns (1910) erected the genus based on the type species Kohliella alaris from South Africa. The genus is characterized by a V-shaped swelling on the frons, an oblong tubercle on the mandible and a petiolate third submarginal cell of the forewing (Bohart & Menke 1976; Pulawski 1991). The nesting habits are known only for Kohliella alaris. Gess and Gess (1980) studied the life history of this species. It preys on nymphal tree cricket Oecanthus filiger Walker, and nests in the ground in flat, sandy areas with sparse vegetation; nests are constructed prior to hunting. In this paper, Kohliella anula Pulawski, 1991, previously known from Sri Lanka only, is recorded for the first time from India.
Experiences of Intergenerational Trauma in Second-Generation Refugees: Healing Through Occupation
Authors: Jeyasundaram Janany , Cao Luisa Yao Dan , Trentham Barry
Published: December 2020

Background.

Trauma experienced in one generation can affect the health and well-being of subsequent generations, such as impairing life skills, personal contentment, behaviour patterns and sense of self. This phenomenon has predominantly been explored with descendants of European refugees and is not fully understood from an occupational perspective.

Purpose.

This research explores how intergenerational trauma manifests in the occupational lives of second-generation Ilankai Tamil and Vietnamese refugees.

Methods.

Using qualitative narrative inquiry, 12 adult children of Tamil and Vietnamese refugees residing in the Greater Toronto Area participated in semi-structured interviews. Narratives were thematically analysed.

Findings.

Findings illustrate how sociohistorical, cultural and familial contexts influence the way second-generation refugees view what they can and should do. Many healing responses to intergenerational trauma include occupations focused on communal care.

Implications.

Findings from this study reveal the unique struggles and needs of two understudied populations and the possibilities for healing through occupation.
Spirituality, Dialogue, Conversion: The Itinerary of Fr Jean-Mohammed Abd-el-Jalil
Authors: Wilkins Agnes
Published: December 2020

Jean-Mohammed Abd-el-Jalil united in himself on a very deep level two religions, Islam and Christianity, that in many ways are opposed to each other, especially on the doctrinal level. His conversion/life journey shows how he achieved this, at great cost to himself. Born in Morocco, in a family deeply committed to Islam, he himself eventually adopted a rather rigid, strict form called ‘Wahhabism’. A gifted student, he was given a government bursary to study in France with a view to taking up a responsible position in soon to be independent Morocco, but his life changed radically after a sudden conversion to Catholicism at Midnight Mass. Before he was ready for baptism he worked through some difficult doctrinal issues with a fellow convert, Paul Ali Mehmet Mulla-Zadé, who taught Islam in Rome. After his baptism Abd-el-Jalil entered the Franciscan Order in Paris where he remained for the rest of is life, apart from a brief crisis when he fled to Morocco, seemingly to return to Islam. He enjoyed a long academic career and wrote books to help Christians understand Islam. His final fifteen years were spent as a virtual hermit because of illness.
Pathologizing the Unknown: A Sociological Explanation for the (Mis-)Use of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome as a Diagnosis
Authors: Younie Rachelle M.
Published: December 2020

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a diagnosis given to infants who die suddenly and unexpectedly before the age of one. After decades of research into SIDS, little has been conclusively determined regarding the etiology of this phenomenon. While SIDS deaths are in reality undetermined deaths, there is resistance to abandon SIDS and synonymous terminology. This paper identifies the social functions that a diagnosis of SIDS provides both to the families of the deceased, as well as the physicians who treat them. It is suggested that these social functions help to explain why, despite being inaccurate and misleading, SIDS is still widely used today. It is argued, however, that the forensic pathology and medical community as a whole should lead a systematic shift away from the use of SIDS as a diagnosis. Adopting more medically-appropriate terminology would better serve the goals of the medical profession and the families they serve.
What Exactly Is “Complicated” Grief? A Scoping Research Literature Review to Understand Its Risk Factors and Prevalence
Authors: Wilson Donna M. , Darko Elizabeth M. , Kusi-Appiah Elizabeth , Roh Sophia J. , Ramic Arnel , Errasti-Ibarrondo Begoña
Published: December 2020

Most people will experience bereavement grief, but some suffer from persistent or prolonged (PoP) grief, grief that used to be identified as “complicated” before recent DSM-5 and ICD-11 definitional developments. In 2020, a scoping literature review was undertaken to identify and consolidate contemporary evidence from research articles published in 2018 or 2019 in paper-based and open access peer-review journals on: (a) the incidence or prevalence of PoP grief, and (b) who develops it or is diagnosed as suffering from it, and correspondingly what causative factors or predictors are associated with PoP grief. All of the 11 identified research articles reported an incidence or prevalence rate, with these varying greatly, but with a much higher rate now that a 6-month post-death measurement timeframe is used. The predictors or factors among people who were identified as having PoP grief also varied considerably, although sudden and unexpected deaths were often implicated.
Moving from association to mediation: A sociocultural approach to assessment
Authors: Eun Barohny , E. Knotek Steven
Published: December 2020

A Vygotskian approach to assessment is proposed by invoking the distinction between the development of lower and higher psychological functions. Higher psychological functions are specifically human and develop with the use of cultural tools via mediation. Accordingly, a distinction is made between tests that are based on association, which have lower psychological processes as their object of measurement and tests based on mediation that target higher psychological processes. Within a Vygotskian framework of human development, the goal of effective education (i.e., teaching and learning in formal contexts) is developing higher psychological functions. Therefore, assessment, whose purpose is to assess the outcomes of educational processes, should be capable of gathering evidence of the development of higher psychological functions.
Literature Review of Clergy Resilience and Recommendations for Future Research
Authors: Sielaff Andrea M. , Davis Kate Rae , McNeil J. Derek
Published: December 2020

Clergy often experience a call to help others; however, this passion is hard to sustain because of the chronic and traumatic stress that are components of the job. Because of the unique stressors that are part of professional ministry, clergy need targeted support that is systemic as well as individual to practice resilience. This review of the research provides insight into what factors most impact clergy well-being; as congregations, supervisors, and denominations learn more about these factors, they can more effectively create environments in which clergy can be resilient. This review of the literature also illuminates what clergy might do for themselves to create a sustainable work life that supports their growth and thriving in the midst of adversity in ministry. In addition to articulating the specific stressors clergy face, this review resources congregations, clergy, and supervisors with practical applications of resilience research.
Comprehensive characterization of nano-pore system for Chang 7 shale oil reservoir in Ordos Basin
Authors: Gao Hui , Cao Jie , Wang Chen , Li Teng , He Mengqing , Dou Liangbin , Li Xiang
Published: December 2020

Detailed study on the pore structure of shale oil reservoir is significantly for the exploration and development, and the conventional single pore structure measurement method cannot accurately describe the pore structure characteristics of the shale oil reservoir. In this paper, the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), low-pressure nitrogen adsorption (LP-N2A) and mercury injection porosimetry (MIP) techniques are used to comprehensive evaluate the pore structure of Chang 7 shale oil reservoir. The FESEM results show that inter pores, inner pores, organic pores and micro-cracks are developed in Chang 7 shale oil reservoir, and the pore structure can be divided into two groups from the LP-N2A and MIP. A new pore structure comprehensive evaluation method was promoted according to the connection points from the pore sizes distribution curves of LP-N2A and MIP. With this comprehensive analysis of the pore size distribution, the pore size distribution of various shale samples feature as triple-peak pattern. Due to the heterogeneity of the shale oil samples, the corresponding pore apertures of the connection points are various, and the overall pore size distribution of shale oil reservoir samples can also be divided into two types. In Group I, the size distributions exhibited a bimodal feature in a narrow range from 1.71 to 100 nm. The trimodal feature of size distributions was captured in Group II with the pore diameter ranges from 1.71 to 1426.8 nm. Group I features smaller sorting coefficient and good pore connectivity. However, the trimodal corresponds to the complex pore structure and larger sorting coefficient for Group II.
Digitising the Virtual: Movement and Relations in Drone Warfare
Authors: Malaviya Srishti
Published: December 2020

This article offers a relational analysis of the use of armed drones in the ‘war on terror’. Drawing from Erin Manning’s writings on movement, relations, and the posthuman, I explore how bodies and spaces are read as digitised data in the processes of the drone assemblage, reducing movement to displacement and undoing relations of becoming. The drone’s violence lies in its crippling of bodies’ capacity to respond to their immediate environments and relations. The point of departure for this article is the concept of the ‘virtual’ as drawn out by Manning: the indeterminate potential of movement which moves bodies and relations. My analysis revisits the transcripts of Uruzgan drone attack in Afghanistan in 2010, a case that has been extensively studied in the critical literature on drones to offer conceptions of what it means for the drone to be a posthuman entity. Instead of situating the drone as a posthuman object, I examine it from a posthuman methodology where the focus is on relations, rather than determinate actors or outcomes. My intervention here is twofold: to propose a framework for understanding the drone’s violence in its processes of disrupting and undoing relations, and relatedly to argue for the methodological and theoretical value of the posthuman.

Numériser le virtuel: Mouvement et relations dans la guerre des drones
Changes in Volumetric Bone Mineral Density Over 12 Months After a Tibial Bone Stress Injury Diagnosis: Implications for Return to Sports and Military Duty
Authors: Popp Kristin L. , Ackerman Kathryn E. , Rudolph Sara E. , Johannesdottir Fjola , Hughes Julie M. , Tenforde Adam S. , Bredella Miriam A. , Xu Chun , Unnikrishnan Ginu , Reifman Jaques , Bouxsein Mary L.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Bone stress injuries (BSIs) occur in up to 20% of runners and military personnel. Typically, after a period of unloading and gradual return to weightbearing activities, athletes return to unrestricted sports participation or military duty approximately 4 to 14 weeks after a BSI diagnosis, depending on the injury location and severity. However, the time course of the recovery of the bone’s mechanical competence is not well-characterized, and reinjury rates are high.

Purpose:

To assess the bone microarchitecture and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) over 12 months after a tibial BSI diagnosis.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

We enrolled 30 female athletes from the local community (aged 18-35 years) with a tibial BSI (grade ≥2 of 4 on magnetic resonance imaging) for this prospective observational study. Participants completed a baseline visit within 3 weeks of the diagnosis. At baseline and 6, 12, 24, and 52 weeks after the BSI diagnosis, we collected high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans of the ultradistal tibia (4% of tibial length) of the injured and uninjured legs as well as pain and physical activity assessment findings.

Results:

From baseline to 12 weeks after the diagnosis, total, trabecular, and cortical vBMD declined by 0.58% to 0.94% ( P < .05 for all) in the injured leg. Total and trabecular vBMD also declined by 0.61% and 0.67%, respectively, in the uninjured leg ( P < .05 for both). At 24 weeks, mean values for all bone parameters were nearly equivalent to baseline values, and by 52 weeks, several mean values had surpassed baseline values. Of the 30 participants, 10 incurred a subsequent BSI during the course of the study, and 1 of these 10 incurred 2 subsequent BSIs. Participants who suffered an additional BSI were younger and had a later age of menarche, a greater incidence of previous fractures, and lower serum parathyroid hormone levels ( P < .05 for all).

Conclusion:

Bone density declined in both the injured and the uninjured legs and, on average, did not return to baseline for 3 to 6 months after a tibial BSI diagnosis. The observed time to the recovery of baseline vBMD, coupled with the high rate of recurrent BSIs, suggests that improved return-to-sports and military duty guidelines may be in order.
Left atrial assist device function at various heart rates using a mock circulation loop
Authors: Kado Yuichiro , Polakowski Anthony R , Kuban Barry D , Horvath David J , Miyamoto Takuma , Karimov Jamshid H , Starling Randall C , Fukamachi Kiyotaka
Published: December 2020

We are developing a new left atrial assist device (LAAD) for patients who have heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This study aimed to assess the hemodynamic effects of the LAAD under both normal heart conditions and various diastolic heart failure (DHF) conditions using a mock circulatory loop. A continuous-flow pump that simulates LAAD, was placed between the left atrial (LA) reservoir and a pneumatic ventricle that simulated a native left ventricle on a pulsatile mock loop. Normal heart (NH) and mild, moderate, and severe DHF conditions were simulated by adjusting the diastolic drive pressures of the pneumatic ventricle. With the LAAD running at 3200 rpm, data were collected at 60, 80, and 120 bpm of the pneumatic ventricle. Cardiac output (CO), mean aortic pressure (AoP), and mean LA pressure (LAP) were compared to evaluate the LAAD performance. With LAAD support, the CO and AoP rose to a sufficient level at all heart rates and DHF conditions (CO; 3.4–3.8 L/min, AoP; 90–105 mm Hg). Each difference in the CO and the AoP among various heart rates was minuscule compared with non-pump support. The LAP decreased from 21–23 to 17–19 mm Hg in all DHF conditions (difference not significant). Furthermore, hemodynamic parameters improved for all DHF conditions, independent of heart rate. The LAAD can provide adequate flow to maintain the circulation status at various heart rates in an in vitro mock circulatory loop.
The Child in Our Midst: The Shifting Trends in Ministry with Children and Families over the Past Forty Years
Authors: Larson Mimi L.
Published: December 2020

For the past 40 years, the field of children and family ministries has emerged, developed, and been strengthened through the intentional engagement of various teaching/learning approaches, the influence of developmental theory, and the rise of a children’s ministry leadership vocation. The significant growth and development with children and family ministries have contributed to the movement away from a narrow and simplistic view of children to a deeper understanding of how children’s spirituality and faith develops. Yet, more diverse research and improved ministry practices are needed. Integrating children as full participants in the faith community, along with continued evaluation of and improvements in teaching and learning practices, integral partnerships between home and family, and additional voices and diverse perspectives will all aid in better understandings and practices in ministry with children and families.
Detention as Social Space: Waiting, Social Relations, and Mundane Resistance of Asylum Seekers in Detention
Authors: Kreichauf René
Published: December 2020

Under the Trump administration and its “zero-tolerance” policy, the number of detained asylum seekers in the United States has been growing significantly. Yet we know little about their mobility, agency, and social relations at the micro level during the time they are subject to a detention regime. This is because research about detention has frequently developed independently of sustained engagement with the lived experience of those detained within the relevant institutions. Building on literature about the spatiality of social relations and studies that analyze detention “from below,” the current article conceptualizes detention as a social space in which social relations between detained asylum seekers are formed and negotiated. It draws on ethnographic material collected in detention prisons in the greater New York City area and pays particular attention to the seemingly mundane social facets of everyday life in detention. The article reveals the complexity, ambivalences, and forms of social relations that range from shared and unifying feelings of injustice, to the development of friendships and shared practices of resistance and disobedience that sometimes even go beyond the confines of detention. This perspective allows us to see detained people as agents in the exercise of power and in negotiation with structures of control, waiting, punishment, and exploitation that organize but do not complete their everyday lives in detention.
Movement of the sacroiliac joint: Anatomy, systematic review, and biomechanical considerations
Authors: Cho Ho-Jung , Kwak Dai-Soon
Published: December 2020

Several researchers investigated the anatomy and biomechanics of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) to understand the relationship between lower back pain and the SIJ. Many studies concluded that the SIJ has little movement; however, some studies using spinopelvic parameters mentioned high change in pelvic incidence (PI). In this study, SIJ movement and PI change reported in previous studies were reviewed according to position and posture changes. Literature on SIJ movement was reviewed by searching through the publication databases. In biomechanical studies, the result of the rotational angle in the sagittal plane was mainly investigated to compare with the results of PI change. From the results of SIJ movement studies, the minimum movement of nutation and count-nutation was 0.01°, and maximum movement was 2.27°. From the results of PI change studies with different positions and movements, the highest change was 9°, and the lowest change was 0°. Movement of the SIJ was limited by its anatomical structure; maximum movement of the SIJ was 9° in a previous study. Therefore, SIJ movement should be studied more intensely as biomechanical perspective to understand its movement.
Whose Gaze? Stories Told between Kabul, Herat and Berlin
Authors: Schäfer Sandra
Published: December 2020

This visual essay focuses on contemporary women’s cinema in Afghanistan, which started in 2001, when, for the first time, women made films in Afghanistan. They narrate stories from their perspectives, and choose different filmic means, characters and genres to tell their stories. With a selection of film stills and photographs, this visual essay introduces the work of these women filmmakers. The images are accompanied by text that describes the contents and the making of their films. Text includes quotations from filmmakers reflecting on their practice. The directors whose work I present are, among others, Roya Sadat, Saba Sahar, Diana Saqeb and Aiqela Rezaie. As some of the filmmakers also work as actresses, I draw an arc into the changeful history of Afghan cinema and the role women played as actresses in these films. The essay highlights the period between 2002 and 2009, when I worked in Kabul making my film Passing the Rainbow and co-organising the film festival SPLICE IN on Gender and Society.
Clinical Utility of the Child and Adolescent Memory Profile (ChAMP) After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Wilson Kate , Lesica Sofia , Donders Jacobus
Published: December 2020

Sixty-one children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury completed the Child and Adolescent Memory Profile (ChAMP; Sherman & Brooks, 2015) within 1 to 12 months post injury. Most of the ChAMP index scores demonstrated statistically significant negative correlations with time to follow commands following traumatic brain injury. Compared with demographically matched neurologically healthy controls, selected from the ChAMP standardization sample, participants with traumatic brain injury had statistically significantly lower scores on all ChAMP index scores but sensitivity and specificity were suboptimal. We conclude that the ChAMP has modest clinical utility as part of a more comprehensive evaluation of sequelae of traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents.