bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discussion on reproductive failure in cattle
Authors: Miller R. B.
Published: March 2023

The terminology used in this discussion will coincide with that recommended by the Committee on Bovine Nomenclature (Hubbert). Early embryonic death refers to deaths occurring from the day of conception until about 42 days of gestation, which coincides with the end of the stage of differentiation. Embryos lost during this period may be either absorbed or aborted. Fetuses discharged from day 42 until approximately 260 days are generally called abortions and from day 260 unit term, premature deliveries.
Clinical evaluation of prophylactic regimens for bovine respiratory disease
Authors: Morter R. L. , Amstutz H. E. , Crandell R. A.
Published: March 2023

Experiments were conducted using a 3 by 2 factorial design to evaluate the efficacy of Haemophilus somnus and unspecified Pasteurella inactivated vaccines and to compare the oral and intramuscular route of administration of a BVD vaccine. 303 crossbred steer calves with an average weight of 222 kg were purchased and any animal showing clinical signs of illness excluded. All calves in the trial received an intranasal IBR vaccine, 2.5 million units of vitamin A intramuscularly, three 36 mg implants of zeranol, multivalent clostridial vaccine and levamisole. Calves were randomly assigned to treatment groups by a random number table. 45 randomly-selected calves distributed among all treatment groups were bled during processing and again 42 days after vaccination to collect paired samples. The calves were checked daily and any with clinical signs of respiratory disease were treated. The calves were weighed on arrival and at 34, 72 and 106 days, and daily feed consumption was calculated. The pasteurella vaccine reduced the incidence of BRD and improved the response to treatment. The result disagrees with previous findings, perhaps because of differences in prior exposure, movements in marketing channels or the virulence of the bacteria. The BRD morbidity rate and response to treatment were no different for the oral and intramuscular route of administration. However, the immune response to the BVD vaccine as measured by serum neutralisation was greater following oral administration.
Closed suturing techniques using a bar-suture for correction of left displaced abomasum
Authors: Sterner K. E. , Grymer J.
Published: March 2023

Following percutaneous correction of abomasal displacement in 100 cattle, 88 recovered. In 2 cases the suture pulled out and the animals had to be treated by laparotomy. Six died. One death was directly related to the technique. 71 cattle had concurrent diseases, the commonest being endometritis (25) and ketosis (44).
Fibropapilloma of the bovine penis
Authors: Dawson Lionel , Bierchwal C. J.
Published: March 2023

Fibropapilloma of the penis is seen commonly in young bulls. The vast majority are found surrounding the tip of the glans penis (Fig. 1). Basal attachment is quite narrow but on initial examination will not give this picture due to the growth of the tumor and the tight containment of the proliferating mass which causes it to surround the penis, giving an illusion of extensive attachment.
Yellow buckeye (Aesculus octandra Marsh) toxicity in calves
Authors: Magnusson R. A. , Whittier W. D. , Veit H. P. , Easley K. J. , Meldrum J. B. , Jortner B. S. , Chickering W. R.
Published: March 2023

In the autumn, 1981, at least 33 cattle aged 3 months to 9 years were treated for suspected poisoning by nuts from yellow buckeye trees. Clinical signs included hyperaesthesia, myoclonus, recumbency, tonoclonic spasms and, occasionally, death. Three animals examined PM had whole or masticated nuts in the forestomachs. Gross lesions were limited to the kidney-congestion and streaking of the renal cortex. Histological lesions included moderate hepatic congestion, thickening of glomerular tufts, and presence of a proteinaceous material in the distal renal tubules and collecting ducts. Two calves dosed with 1% or 0.5% of their body weight with the nuts developed clinical signs similar to those of field cases and also strabismus with severer symptoms in the calf given the higher dose.
Seasonal control of gastrointestinal parasites among dairy heifers using two strategically timed treatments of fenbendazole
Authors: Kunkel J. R. , Murphy W. M. , Rogers D. , Dugdale, Jr. D. T.
Published: March 2023

Sixty heifers aged 7-18 months, in their first grazing season, were randomly assigned to four groups: treated, continuous grazing management, 16 head; control, continuous grazing, 16 head; treated, rotational grazing, 14 head; control, rotational grazing, 14 head. Treated animals received fenbendazole (5 mg/kg orally) on days 22 and 50 after turnout and controls received a placebo. Monitoring was carried out on weight gains, faecal egg counts, herbage larvae and botanical composition of pastures. Effective grazing density of the continuously grazing groups was 3.2 animals/ha. Each rotationally grazed group was allotted one of ten 0.4-ha. paddocks, each paddock being grazed 1-6 days depending on available forage. There were no significant differences between treated and control heifers in daily gains on either continuous or rotational pastures during 140 days after treatment. Heifers on continuously grazed pasture gained more than on rotational pasture. Faecal egg counts from rotationally grazed groups showed significant differences between treated and control groups on days 78 and 106. There were no significant differences in egg counts between continuously grazed groups. There were significant differences in numbers of infective larvae recovered after day 100, with most collected from rotational paddocks. Samples for botanical analysis from continuous pastures contained more than 50% white clover, whereas the rotational paddocks never had more than 15%. The results can be interpreted from two propositions: first, the level of parasitism was too low to affect weight, faecal egg count or herbage larvae; second, the accumulation of high levels of pasture larvae in the system of rotational grazing occurred too late to affect weight gains.
Veterinarian's role in the production of quality milk
Authors: Atherton Henry V.
Published: March 2023

Advances in regulatory standards for milk quality in the USA since the end of the 19th century are traced. Laboratory tests used to assess milk quality, and the veterinarian's role in controlling disease and promoting milk quality, are discussed.
Ionophore comparisons for feedlot cattle
Authors: Wagner Don
Published: March 2023

It is fair to say that the use of Rumensin or Bovatec would probably rank as one of the five greatest or most powerful tools for improving the efficiency o f beef production to come along in the past 35-40 years. Other experimental ionophores being researched at the present time include Narasin, Salinomycin and Polyether A, among others. Hopefully, at least one or more of these may also be cleared in the near future.
Financial feasibility of embryo transfer
Authors: Jensen Farrell E. , Park Robert L.
Published: March 2023

Embryo transfer technology has been used as a laboratory technique since the late 1800’s, but it was not used commercially until recently. The advent of exotic breeds of cattle in the 1970’s provided the economic incentives for application of the technology for commercial purposes. Previous economic studies have indicated that the cost per calf may be as high as $2,414 or as low as $200 as reported in a popular source. Van Vleck has stated that increased milk production will not pay for the extra costs of embryo transfer. This conclusion was based on the net present value of the additional milk after taking into consideration the genetic potential of the dam and sire. Another study estimated that for milk receipts alone to pay for the added cost, the cost of embryo transfer would have to drop to below $200 per pregnancy.

Predictions for the future of embryo transfer range from optimistic to the cautious. The cautious note that the basic motivation for present use of the technology is not increased milk production, but tax incentive exploitation by livestock breeders and investors. None of these previous studies have presented the financial feasibility along with the tax benefits.

Tax incentives from embryo transfer are very attractive and often entice investors in the high marginal tax brackets into the industry. Investors as well as livestock breeders can take advantage of investment tax credit, depreciation, capital gains and can expense the costs of embryo transfer under the Internal Revenue Tax Codes.

The objectives of this paper are to: determine the feasibility of embryo transfer including tax benefits and to determine by sensitivity analysis some conditions under which it becomes feasible.
Evaluation of a routine testing for ketonuria and aciduria in the detection of sub and clinical ketosis associated with overfeeding in dairy cattle
Authors: Markusfeld O. , Nahari N. , Adler H.
Published: March 2023

1162 adult cows were examined for urine ketone concentration and reaction 7 to 14 days after parturition and 165 were further examined for serum aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT) and for ketonaemia. The rate of clinical ketosis, that of SGOT over 40 u/l and that of aciduria were all found to rise with the urine acetoacetate concentration. The rate of clinical ketosis and the mean SGOT of cows with aciduria were higher than of those with a basic reaction of the urine at all concentrations of urine acetoacetate. Ketonuria was better correlated to clinical ketosis than either ketonaemia and SGOT. Ketonaemia was highly correlated to ketonuria. Using routine urine testing, the rate of discovery of clinical ketosis has been rising from 4.3% to 15.6% in all herds examined. It is concluded that the combined testing for ketonuria and aciduria is a simple and reliable diagnostic aid which greatly minimizes the high rate of false discoveries associated with ketonuria.
Neonatal meningoencephalitis associated with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus
Authors: Baxter Gary M.
Published: March 2023

The infectious bovine rhinotracheitis [IBR] virus (bovine herpesvirus 1) has a diverse pathogenicity associated with numerous clinical syndromes. These include a respiratory infection with severe inflammation of the upper respiratory mucosa, genital infections (infectious pustular vulvovaginitis [IPV] and infectious pustular balanoposthitis), conjunctivitis which can occur alone or together with infection of other systems, fetal infection with abortion, meningoencephalitis and a septicemia in young calves. Although IBR virus infection is widespread throughout the cattle industry, the encephalitic form is apparently rare.Johnston et all in Australia reported both natural and experimental meningoencephalitis in two to six month old calves caused by a suspected new virus. After initial viral characterization, French named the new virus the N569 virus, only later to document that the N569 virus was actually the 1BR-1PV virus. This was the first reported case of meningoencephalitis caused by the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. Barenfus et at were the first to report IBR virus induced meningoencephalitis in the United States and since that time only a few natural cases have been reported. This case of meningoencephalitis in a two-week-old calf is presented because of the infrequency of the encephalitic form of IBR in the United States and the calf involved is younger than any previously reported cases.
Prophylactic administration of hyperimmune serum when processing feedlot cattle
Authors: Morter R. L. , Amututz H. A. , Roussel A. J.
Published: March 2023

128 steer calves were given a commercially available hyperimmune serum (5 or 10 ml/100 lb body weight, s/c) immediately after processing at a feedlot, and 64 were processed but not treated. Processing included immunization with IBR IPV virus, bovine diarrhoea virus, parainfluenza-3 virus, Haemophilus somnus and clostridial toxoid vaccines. The hyperimmune serum had little or no effect on prevalence of respiratory disease, body weight gain or serological response to the vaccines.
Current knowledge of the BVD syndrome of cattle
Authors: Stober M.
Published: March 2023

The following presentation attempts to give a summary overview of the wealth of facts and assumptions which are available in the literature on the BVD syndrome. Some of the author’s own opinions will be added. The first of these concerns itself with the often heard opinion that the nature of bovine virus diarrhea has changed completely in recent years. In light of the biological laws which viruses and the diseases they cause “obey”, such a “fundamental change” hardly seems conceivable. The author is convinced that we are more often deceived by the rapidly accumulating knowledge of the life cycle and pathogenicity of the BVD virus as well as the response of cattle to this agent, and by the diagnosis of BVD-virus-caused disease or injury being made far more frequently than before because of the improved, more routinely applied methods of investigation. We see a situation, which was always present, as “new” or “changed”, because before it was not “apparent” to the degree it is now. Additionally, changes in cattle management and in the movement of animals may likewise have played a certain role.
Congenital anomalies in cattle associated with an epizootic of bluetongue virus (serotype II)
Authors: Castro Anthony E. , Rogers Sandra J.
Published: March 2023

Outbreaks of bluetongue occurred in several ruminant species in Oklahoma between December, 1983, and May, 1984. Bluetongue virus (BTV) was isolated from 9 of 20 specimens from cattle fetuses and newborn calves. The viral isolates were serotyped as BTV 11. Serotype 11 of BTV was also identified in 2 sheep fetuses and in a 1-month-old addax, a 1-day-old Nubian ibex, a 1-day-old Cape buffalo and a 1-day-old Sable antelope. Serotype 17 of BTV was identified in a newborn lamb. The ability to isolate BTV from clinical specimens was enhanced by increasing the adsorption time of virus onto cell cultures. An increase in congenital anomalies in cattle was associated with the outbreak of BTV. The most prominent histological lesion of BTV was found in the brain of the affected animals.
Effect of Preinsemination Injection of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone on Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cattle
Authors: Pennington J. A. , Hill D. L. , Callahan C. J. , Brown C. M. , Brown M. D.
Published: March 2023

Holstein-Friesian cows and heifers on 2 farms were injected with 100 μg GnRH or saline as soon as possible after detection of oestrus. Time from detection of oestrus to injection was 2.2 h, and from injection to breeding 6.4 h. The CR of 282 animals injected with GnRH was 51.8% vs. 51.5 for 264 animals injected with saline. The CR did not differ between the 2 groups at 1st, 2nd, 3rd or later services, nor at the following oestrus. There were no significant differences between groups in the interval to next oestrus or in the service period.
Clinical Assessment and Surgical Management of Umbilical Masses in Calves
Authors: Smith Donald F.
Published: March 2023

With accurate preoperative clinical diagnosis, prognosis for the surgical repair of umbilical masses in calves is very good. Table 1 outlines the physical criteria of abdominal masses so as to arrive at a diagnosis in a step-wise manner.
State legislature, voters move to eighty-six Texas’s flooding challenges
Authors: Berg Matthew
Published: March 2023

Even before the 86th Texas Legislature began, it was clear the session would feature a deluge of activity focused on addressing Texans’ experience with flooding.  Elected representatives from across the state floated solutions for Hurricane Harvey and long-term issues alike, featuring a mix of both recovery projects and future planning efforts. Much attention has been paid to Senate Bill 7 and Senate Bill 8, which create major new statewide programs. Significant questions remain regarding the implementation of these bills. We wade into these uncertainties and the larger trends behind the legislative session. In all, 128 introduced bills specifically mentioned “flooding” or “flood,” far exceeding anything from the previous 10 sessions. Even more, 240 total introduced bills addressed issues with a clear connection to flooding. Of these, 67 (28%) would go on to become legislation. As new laws go into effect, implementation ramps up, and funds trickle out, strong stakeholder engagement and communication will be key to making sure these programs hold water.
Citation: Berg MD. 2020. Policy Review: State Legislature, Voters Move to Eighty-Six Texas’s Flooding Challenges. Texas Water Journal. 11(1):1-14. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v11i1.7101.
Oilfield Water Infrastructure Connectivity: The Case for a ‘Hydrovascular’ Network In the Permian Basin
Authors: Collins Gabriel
Published: March 2023

The current phase of oilfield water infrastructure buildout in the Permian generally emphasizes each operator or midstream provider building its own water transportation and disposal systems. Accordingly, the overall market is balkanized and inefficient compared to the performance a more interconnected system could achieve.  A hydrovascular grid in the Permian Basin could lower oil & gas production costs, conserve scarce freshwater by promoting greater recycling and reuse of produced water, help mitigate seismicity risks, and facilitate movement of produced water at large scale for use outside the oilfield.  The paper realistically assesses the barriers to such integration. It concludes by offering a set of practical ideas to overcome these challenges and help transform oilfield water into a resource for West Texas and Southeast New Mexico.
Citation: Collins G. 2020. Oilfield Water Infrastructure Connectivity: The Case for a ‘Hydrovascular’ Network in the Permian Basin. Texas Water Journal. 11(1):15-31. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v11i1.7102.
History of Water and Habitat Improvement in the Nueces Estuary, Texas, USA
Authors: Hill Erin M. , Nicolau Brien A , Zimba Paul V.
Published: March 2023

Reservoir impoundments in the Nueces watershed (Texas, USA) have reduced Nueces River flows to the coast by more than 50% since the 1980s. Reductions in freshwater inflows prompted state and local managers, along with scientists, to embark on a 3-decade process of ecosystem-based restoration and habitat improvement in the Nueces Estuary. Current management efforts in the estuary have increased freshwater flow to the Rincon Bayou and habitat has been protected from land acquisition in the Nueces Delta. Restoring freshwater flow and acquiring land in the Nueces Delta was not easily accomplished but has been successful through the efforts of federal, state, local agencies, and nongovernmental organizations. This paper also describes mitigation activities that have taken place in the Nueces Estuary.
Citation: EM Hill, BA Nicolau, PV Zimba. 2011. History of water and habitat improvement in the Nueces estuary, Texas, USA. Texas Water Journal. 2(1):97-111. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v2i1.2104.
The 2011 Texas Drought
Authors: Nielsen-Gammon John William
Published: March 2023

The 2011 drought in Texas was unprecedented in its intensity. Beginning in October 2010, most of Texas experienced a relatively dry fall and winter, but the record dry March 2011 brought widespread extreme drought conditions to the state. The 12-month rainfall total for October 2010 through September 2011 was far below the previous record set in 1956. Average temperatures for June through August were over 2 °F above the previous Texas record and were close to the warmest statewide summer temperatures ever recorded in the United States. As the drought intensified, the previous year’s relatively lush growth dried out, setting the stage for spring wildfires. Conditions were so dry during the spring planting season across much of the state that many crops never emerged from the ground. Continued dry weather through the summer led to increasing hardship for ranchers, who generally saw very little warm-season grass growth while stock tanks dried up. By early fall, trees in central and eastern Texas were showing widespread mortality, and dry and windy conditions allowed forest fires to burn intensely and spread rapidly in Bastrop and elsewhere. Near-normal rainfall across Texas in October–December improved short-term conditions, but almost the entire state remained in drought.
Citation: Nielsen-Gammon JW. 2012. The 2011 Texas Drought. The Texas Water Journal. 3(1):59-95. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v3i1.6463.
Groundwater Levels in Northern Texas High Plains: Baseline for Existing Agricultural Management Practices
Authors: Hernández Jairo E , Gowda Prasanna H , Marek Thomas H , Howell Terry A , Ha Wonsook
Published: March 2023

New groundwater policies are being debated for the Northern Texas High Plains because of Ogallala Aquifer depletion. These policies should be evaluated using a calibrated groundwater model for assessing their impact on subsequent groundwater levels. The objective of this study was to calibrate and validate a regional groundwater model for predicting the impact of existing agricultural management practices on groundwater levels beneath 4 counties located in the Northern Texas High Plains. Results indicated that the MODFLOW-2000 groundwater model was calibrated and validated satisfactorily based on reproducing and comparing groundwater levels with coefficients of determination of 0.97 and 0.98, root mean square errors of 28.0 meters (91.9 feet) and 15.5 meters (50.9 feet). The model showed normalized root mean square errors of 6.9% and 4.3%, for calibration and validation, respectively. Analysis of prediction results indicated that 2 zones would become depleted if the current level of aquifer exploitation continues with no modification for the next 50 years. The calibrated model should assist water managers in evaluating alternative agricultural management policy scenarios.
Citation: Hernández JE, Gowda PH, Marek TH, Howell TA, Ha W. 2013. Groundwater Levels in Northern Texas High Plains: Baseline for Existing Agricultural Management Practices. Texas Water Journal. 4(1):22-34. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v4i1.5356.
An evaluation of urban landscape water use in Texas
Authors: Cabrera Raul I. , Wagner Kevin L. , Wherley Benjamin
Published: March 2023

Irrigated agriculture is the largest user of water in Texas, followed by urban-municipal uses, which has landscape irrigation as its largest component. Data from various sources were used to estimate the extent of the state’s urban landscaped area and its associated water use. The statewide area in golf courses is estimated at 115,000 acres, while 1,608,399 acres are ascribed to managed landscapes and lawns. While the total annual water use by golf courses is estimated at 0.364 million acre-feet, the volume projected for the landscape sector ranges from a low of 1.898 million acre-feet to a high of 4.021 million acre-feet. The sum of water use by golf courses with the low-end estimate for landscapes would represent 46.6% of the total use within the urban/municipal water sector and 12.6% of the total annual demand by all activities in Texas during 2010. This effectively positions urban irrigation as the state’s third largest water user, after agricultural irrigation and other urban uses. Strategies and practices that can significantly conserve (reduce) water use for urban landscape irrigation include water-conserving native and adaptive plant materials, weather- and sensor-guided irrigation, deficit irrigation practices, and use of alternative (saline/brackish, reclaimed, and graywater) water sources.
Citation: Cabrera RI, Wagner KL, Wherley B. 2013. An evaluation of urban landscape water use in Texas. Texas Water Journal. 4(2):14-27. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v4i2.6992.
Who regulates it? Water policy and hydraulic fracturing in Texas
Authors: Cook Margaret , Huber Karen L. , Webber Michael E.
Published: March 2023

Hydraulic fracturing, the injection of a pressurized fluid mixture of mostly water, sand and a small amount of chemicals (frac fluids), increases extraction rates and recovery of oil or gas. The technique has become increasingly popular when used in combination with horizontal drilling, especially in Texas shale formations. Hydraulic fracturing often requires thousands of cubic meters of water per well. Access to water might be challenging due to water scarcity, allocation policies, price, location, and competition for water. In this policy analysis, we conducted a detailed bottom-up survey for each groundwater conservation district to catalog and assess the prevailing policies and practices related to water and hydraulic fracturing, focusing on the ways in which the State of Texas regulates the use of fresh and non-freshwater for hydraulic fracturing. We find that policies are inconsistent statewide with great variability from district to district in regulations and potential solutions to the challenge of freshwater use. From this analysis, we provide information on the practice of hydraulic fracturing and examine strategies for reducing freshwater use through recycling and use of non-freshwater. In this report, we present the current water policy framework and alternative solutions.
Citation: Cook MA, Huber KL, Webber ME. 2015. Who regulates it? Water policy and hydraulic fracturing in Texas. Texas Water Journal. 6(1):45-63. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v6i1.7021.
The route to water security for Texas: the 2015–2016 Texas water roadmap forums
Authors: Rosen Rudolph , Mohtar Rabi , Cifuentes Luis , Hustvedt Gwendolyn , Patrick Wesley , Ragland Chara , Roberts Susan , Vanegas Jorge , Wall Cindy , Wall James
Published: March 2023

Three forums were held between February 2015 and November 2016, bringing together Texas water experts from business, industry, government, academia, research, and the investment community in impartially facilitated sessions to determine ways to secure Texas’ water future through accelerating growth of infrastructure, technologies, research, education, and sustainable use. Consensus emerged after the first forum that Texas is approaching a water crisis reflecting matters of supply, allocation, and quality that demands immediate action to ensure water security and equitable access to this vital resource. Participant focus rested on new technology acceleration and investment, workforce education, research underway and desired by segments of the water sector, the water-energy-food nexus, outreach and public education, data management and access, water valuation, water security, and legal and regulatory frameworks. Participants also examined funding and partnership options for development of water treatment and supply infrastructure, water rights and allocation methods, aging infrastructure, and conservation, as well as the nearly ubiquitous fragmenting and compartmentalizing of just about everything having to do with water throughout the entire water sector. The forums generated and summarized a wealth of information that can be used by any party to make progress toward the goal of building a Texas water roadmap. This report summarizes the discussions and the path forward for securing Texas’ water resources.
Citation: Rosen RA, Mohtar R, Cifuentes LA, Frayser S, Hustvedt G, Patrick W, Ragland C, Roberts SV, Vanegas J, Wall C, Wall J. 2017. The route to water security for Texas: the 2015–2016 Texas water roadmap forums. Texas Water Journal. 8(1):116-123. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v8i1.7055.
Effects of the Rincon Bayou Pipeline on salinity in the upper Nueces Delta
Authors: Del Rosario Elizabeth Anne , Montagna Paul A
Published: March 2023

A pipeline to pump water from the Nueces River to the upper delta at Rincon Bayou was constructed to mitigate the reduction of inflow from impoundments. Pumping has restored ecological function to the Nueces Estuary by increasing inflow and decreasing salinity, and transitioned the marsh into a positive estuary (lower salinities upstream increasing downstream towards the bay). Pumping has decreased the occurrences of salinities greater than 35 practical salinity units during drought conditions; however the current pumping regime causes a disturbed environment by creating extreme fluctuations in salinities in a very short time period. Immediately after pumping salinity fluctuations at the pumping outfall commence from hypersaline to fresh. When pumping ceases, salinity fluctuates from fresh to hypersaline until the next pumping event. Pumping often occurs during rainfall and flooding events when reservoir levels meet certain capacities that trigger pass-through requirements. This strategy provides inflow when it is not needed, and inhibits pumping during drought conditions when inflow is needed to maintain the quality of the estuarine ecosystem. While the current pumping regime has restored estuary conditions to Rincon Bayou by increasing inflow and decreasing salinity, it also causes extreme fluctuations in salinity that act as a disturbance. A lower magnitude, longer duration pumping strategy would create a more stable environment by providing freshwater continuously and would be an improved hydrological restoration strategy.
Citation: Del Rosario EA, Montagna PA. 2018. Effects of the Rincon Bayou Pipeline on salinity in the upper Nueces Delta. Texas Water Journal. 9(1):30-49. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v9i1.7042.
Dislexia: manifestaciones socioemocionales en el trastorno de aprendizaje y su intervención multidisciplinar
Authors: Londoño Hernández Cristian Daniel
Published: March 2023

La dislexia es entendida como un trastorno inesperado y específico en la adquisición de la lectura, de etiología multifactorial. Constituye el trastorno del aprendizaje más frecuente entre la población infantil y configura una de las causas más preocupantes de fracaso escolar. Se puede considerar la dislexia como un trastorno del aprendizaje complejo, ya que en su desarrollo se involucran aspectos ambientales y genéticos que determinan la brevedad del trastorno. Gracias a su etiología, la dislexia suele tener alta comorbilidad con los trastornos del aprendizaje y el neurodesarrollo normal (disgrafía, discalculia, TDAH, discapacidad de la memoria y el procesamiento auditivo, trastorno del espectro autista, discapacidad intelectual). De igual manera,se ha encontrado por medio de las investigaciones una alta incidencia del trastorno específico del lenguaje, además de trastornos emocionales como la ansiedad, depresión, aislamiento social y baja autoestima.
El constructo del engagement en Colombia: una revisión teórica
Authors: Patiño Castro Laura , Arana Medina Claudia Marcela , Zapata Arismendy Diana Marcela , Patiño Madrid Jorge Humberto , Rodríguez González Omar , Cárdenas Niño Lucila
Published: March 2023

El engagement es un término anglosajón que ha tomado gran significado en las organizaciones actuales, cuya traducción al castellano no es tan simple, dado que no significa propiamente compromiso hacia la empresa o hacia la tarea desarrollada; es más transcendental porque está más asociado a un estado mental positivo de la persona (Schaufeli et al., 2002). Es por este motivo que está siendo de atención para las organizaciones actuales, puesto que determina la capacidad de un individuo para vincularse a ellas y frecerles su máximo potencial, siendo feliz. En este orden de ideas, surge el interés de esta revisión investigativa que se enfoca en destacar la conceptualización más aceptada del mencionado constructo, los modelos teóricos más  epresentativos y los instrumentos psicométricos más utilizados. Se realiza unarevisión documental exhaustiva buscando nutrir la información que se tiene sobre el Engagement en el campo laboral colombiano y, con base en ello, poder realizar aportes significativos en torno a la sensibilización e intervención del mismo, para de esta manera poder intervenirlo a través de la identificación de las necesidades que emergen en las organizaciones en este contexto particular.
Region as a Complex Economic and Social System and an Object of Strategizing: Case of the Kemer ovo Region – Kuzbass
Authors: Alabina Tatiana , Mishchenko Vitalii
Published: March 2023

The article describes the concept of region as a holistic economic and social system, as well as an object of strategizing. The research relied on numerous theoretical and regulatory approaches used by different authors and institutes. The empirical part of the research concentrated on the Kemerovo Region aka Kuzbass. The methods included system, comparative, and logical analyses, as well as the dialecticmaterialistic method of cognition and a complex approach to conceptualization, generalization, and specification. The study also involved the descriptive-historical approach and individual theoretical-methodological provisions of regional strategizing. The article introduces the main approaches to the concept of region as a basic definition of regional economy and the theory and practice of regional strategizing. The term was interpreted using the case of the Kemerovo Region as an economic-social system and an object of strategizing. The current theory of strategy and the methodology and practice of strategizing demonstrate a severe ambiguity of scientific approaches and juridical interpretations to the term region. The traditional definition of the region is an object of strategizing for developing and implementing a formal strategy based on a current legislation. Thus, a region with its formal borders is a federal subject. This approach reflects its main characteristics as a complex economic-social system, where the economic aspect is primary and serves as a base for the social one.
Monitoring the Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) process by means of thermal methods
Authors: D'accardi E , Chiappini F , Giannasi A , Guerrini M , Maggiani G , Palumbo D , Galietti U
Published: March 2023

Nowadays, Metal Additive manufacturing offers the advantage to build up components with good mechanical properties, complex shapes, and reduced times. However, the 3D manufacturing process is complex since it requires the simultaneous setting of different process parameters.For this reason, the production of components without defects requires the systematic use of non-destructive controls, offline or on-line, during the early stages of the process itself. Thermography can help in this sense, as a valuable tool to detect and quantify defects, using a simple experimental set-up consisting of athermal sensors and excitation sources. In this work, novel procedures to analyse thermal data coming from the acquisition of different thermal sequences during the Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) process have been investigated and the capability of thermography to detect anomalies with the analysis of statistical indexes and thermal features has been evaluated. Furthermore, the possibility to correlate thermal features and process parameters have been demonstrated by means of an ANOVA analysis(Analysis of Variance)and regression models, considering experimental plans that involved the use of different parameters in terms of power, scanning speed, and powder flow rate
An Overview of Dietary Flavonoids as a Nutraceutical Nanoformulation
Approach to Life-threatening Diseases
Authors: Singh Sonia , Ahuja Ashima , Sharma Himanshu , Maheshwari Pratik
Published: March 2023

Obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and cancer are just a few chronic diseases for which
proper nutrition has been demonstrated to be a crucial factor in prevention. Flavonoids, found in
many fruits and vegetables, are a type of dietary polyphenol with potent antioxidant activity and
anti-carcinogenic characteristics. Flavonoids and foods rich in flavonoids have been shown in
recent years to have profound effects on cognitive function, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases
like Alzheimer's. Foods high in flavonoids, such as green tea, chocolate, blueberries, and
other fruits and vegetables, have ameliorated symptoms of cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's
disease, and dementia in several animal models. As a result of their ability to prevent neuronal
death generated by neurotoxic chemicals such as free radicals and β-amyloid proteins. Furthermore,
flavonoids are also effective in slowing the evolution of clinical signs of neurodegenerative
illnesses. In addition, flavonoids can improve lipid profiles by preventing the oxidation of
low-density lipoproteins, and these antioxidant capabilities are responsible for their therapeutic
impacts. Finally, the potential of flavonoids to induce vasodilation and control apoptotic processes
in the endothelium is another way in which they benefit the cardiovascular system. This
review aims to offer up-to-date information on categorizing these compounds, their primary
methods of action in the human body, and their positive impacts on the management of neurodegenerative
diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and other life-threatening diseases.
Levothyroxine and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Mini Review
Authors: Singha Partha Sarathi , Ghosh Suvendu , Ghosh Debosree
Published: March 2023

Levothyroxine or l-thyroxine is artificially manufactured thyroxine, which is used as a drug
to treat underactive thyroid conditions in humans. The drug, levothyroxine, is consumed daily in a
prescribed dose to replace the missing thyroid hormone thyroxine in an individual with an underactive
thyroid, and it helps to maintain normal physiological conditions. Though it is a life-maintaining drug,
it replaces the missing thyroid hormone and performs the necessary daily metabolic functions in our
body. Like all other allopathic drugs, it comes with certain side effects, which include joint pain,
cramps in muscle, weight gain/loss, hair loss, etc. The thyroid hormone, thyroxine, is known to mobilize
fat in our body, including the ones from the hepatic system. An underactive thyroid may cause an
accumulation of fat in the liver, leading to a fatty liver, which is clinically termed Non-Alcoholic Fatty
Liver Disease (NAFLD). The correlation between hypothyroidism and NAFLD is now well-studied
and recognized. As levothyroxine performs the functions of the missing thyroxine, it is anticipated,
based on certain preliminary studies, that the drug helps to mobilize hepatic fat and thus may have a
crucial role in mitigating the condition of NAFDL.
The Negative Effects of Statin Drugs on Cardiomyocytes: Current Review
of Laboratory and Experimental Data (Mini-Review)
Authors: Chaulin Aleksey Michailovich
Published: March 2023

Statin drugs have long been used as a key component of lipid-lowering therapy, which
is necessary for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Many
studies focus on finding and refining new effects of statin drugs. In addition to the main lipidlowering
effect (blocking cholesterol synthesis), statin drugs have a number of pleiotropic effects,
including negative effects. The main beneficial effects of statin drugs on the components of the
cardiovascular system are: anti-ischemic, antithrombotic, anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, endothelioprotective,
anti-inflammatory properties, and a number of other beneficial effects. Due to these
effects, statin drugs are considered one of the main therapeutic agents for the management of patients
with cardiovascular pathologies. To date, many review manuscripts have been published on
the myotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and diabetogenic effects of statins.
However, there are no review manuscripts considering the negative effect of statin drugs on myocardial
contractile cells (cardiomyocytes). The purpose of this review is to discuss the negative
effects of statin drugs on cardiomyocytes. Special attention is paid to the cardiotoxic action of
statin drugs on cardiomyocytes and the mechanisms of increased serum levels of cardiac troponins.
In the process of preparing this review, a detailed analysis of laboratory and experimental
data devoted to the study of the negative effects of statin drugs on cardiomyocytes was carried out.
The literature search was carried out with the keywords: statin drugs, negative effects, mechanisms,
cardiac troponins, oxidative stress, apoptosis. Thus, statin drugs can have a number of
negative effects on cardiomyocytes, in particular, increased oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum
stress, damage to mitochondria and intercalated discs, and inhibition of glucose transport into
cardiomyocytes. Additional studies are needed to confirm and clarify the mechanisms and clinical
consequences of the negative effects of statin drugs on cardiomyocytes.
Premna integrifolia: A Review on the Exploration of its Potential
Pharmacological and Therapeutic Properties
Authors: Singh Chandrashekhar , Mehata Abhishesh Kumar , Muthu Madaswamy S. , Tiwari Kavindra Nath
Published: March 2023

Several Premna species can be found over the entire tropical and subtropical regions of
Australia, Asia, and Africa. Many conventional herbal preparations using P. integrifolia (Lamiaceae)
have been reported for their potential health advantages. The P. integrifolia is taxonomically
ambiguous because of the wide variation in specimens obtained from various geographic locations.
The plant is extensively used to treat immune-related disorders, skin conditions, inflammatory conditions,
and stomach issues. The root of P. integrifolia is broadly utilized in the manufacture of
Ayurvedic pharmaceutical products, such as Dasamula Kvatha and Chayawanprash Avaleha. It has
also been identified to have antibacterial, hepatoprotective, and antifungal properties. The current
study aims to investigate the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of P. integrifolia against various
cancers, as well as its antiinflammatory activity, antidiabetic, cardiac-stimulant, anti-obesity, hepatoprotective,
immunomodulatory, analgesic, antiarthritic, antiparasitic, and wound healing activity,
as well as the presence of various secondary metabolites in different parts of the plant used in a variety
of formulations.
Older Adults, the “Social Admission,” and Nonspecific Complaints in the Emergency Department: Protocol for a Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Furlong Kayla Rose , O'Donnell Kathleen , Farrell Alison , Mercer Susan , Norman Paul , Parsons Michael , Patey Christopher
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND

Older adults have a higher visit rate and poorer health outcomes in the emergency department (ED) compared to their younger counterparts. Older adults are more likely to require additional resources and hospital admission. The nonspecific, atypical, and complex nature of disease presentation in older adults challenges current ED triage systems. Acute illness in older adults is often missed or commonly disguised in the ED as a social or functional issue. If diagnostic clarity is lacking or safe discharge from the ED is not feasible, then older adults may be labelled a “social admission” (or another synonymous term), often leading to negative health consequences.

OBJECTIVE

This scoping review aims to describe and synthesize the available evidence on patient characteristics, adverse events, and health outcomes for older adults labelled as “social admission” (and other synonymously used terms), as well as those with nonacute or nonspecific complaints in the ED or hospital setting.

METHODS

A literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO, and CINAHL was completed. Relevant reference lists were screened. Data have been managed using EndNote software and the Covidence web application. Original data have been included if patients are aged ≥65 years and are considered a “social admission” (or other synonymously used term) or if they present to the ED with a nonacute or nonspecific complaint. Two review team members have reviewed titles and abstracts and will review full-text articles. Disagreements are resolved by consensus or in discussion with a third reviewer. This review does not require research ethics approval.

RESULTS

As of January 2023, we have completed the title and abstract screening and have started the full-text screening. Some remaining full-text articles are being retrieved and/or translated. We are extracting data from included studies. Data will be presented in a narrative and descriptive manner, summarizing key concepts, patient characteristics, and health outcomes of patients labelled as a “social admission” (and other synonymously used terms) and of those with nonacute and nonspecific complaints. We expect the first results for publication in Spring 2023.

CONCLUSIONS

Acute illness in the older adult is not always easily identified. We hope to better understand patient characteristics, adverse events, and health outcomes of older adults labelled as a “social admission,” as well as those with nonacute or nonspecific complaints. We aim to identify priorities for future research and identify knowledge gaps that may inform health care providers caring for these vulnerable patients.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/38246
A Pragmatic Method to Integrate Data from Pre-existing Cohort Studies using the Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC) Study Data Tabulation Model (SDTM): Practical use of REDCap2SDTM (Preprint)
Authors: Matsuzaki Keiichi , Kitayama Megumi , Yamamoto Keiichi , Aida Rei , Imai Takumi , Ishida Mami , Katafichi Ritsuko , Kawamura Tetsuya , Yokoo Takashi , Narita Ichiei , Suzuki Yusuke
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND

In recent years, many researchers have focused on legacy data utilization, such as pooled analyses that collect and re-analyze data from multiple studies. However, the methodology for the integration of pre-existing databases whose data were collected for different purposes has not been established. Previously, we developed a tool to efficiently generate Study Data Tabulation Model (SDTM) data from hypothetical clinical trial data using the Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC) SDTM.

OBJECTIVE

To design a practical model for integrating pre-existing databases using the CDISC SDTM.

METHODS

Data integration was performed in three phases: i) confirmation of the variables, ii) SDTM mapping, and iii) generation of the SDTM data. In phase 1, the definitions of the variables in detail were confirmed, and the datasets were converted to vertical datasets. In phase 2, the items derived from the SDTM format were set as mapping items. Three types of metadata (domain name, variable name, and test code), based on the CDISC SDTM, were embedded in the REDCap field annotation. In phase 3, the data dictionary, including the SDTM metadata, were output in the Operational Data Model (ODM) format. Finally, the mapped SDTM were generated using REDCap2SDTM v2.

RESULTS

SDTM data were generated as a comma-separated values file for each of the seven domains defined in the metadata. Twenty-two items were commonly mapped to three databases. Because the SDTM data were set in each database correctly, we were able to integrate three independently pre-existing databases into one database in the CDISC SDTM format.

CONCLUSIONS

Our project suggests that the CDISC SDTM is useful for integrating multiple pre-existing databases.