bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A prototype of a receptive lexical test for a polysynthetic heritage language: The case of Inuttitut in Labrador
Authors: Sherkina-Lieber Marina , Helms-Park Rena
Published: December 2014

This paper describes the process of designing, administering, and assessing a language-sensitive and culture-specific lexical test of Labrador Inuttitut (a dialect of Inuktitut, an Eskimo-Aleut language). This process presented numerous challenges, from choosing citation forms in a polysynthetic language to dealing with a lack of word frequency data. Twenty heritage receptive bilinguals (RBs) with very limited production skills in Inuttitut (their first language) and a comparison group of eight fluent bilinguals (FBs) participated in our study. Since the RBs lacked production skills in Inuttitut, the lexical test required participants to translate a carefully compiled list of Inuttitut nouns and verbs into English. The results revealed that RBs had good comprehension of basic vocabulary (85% accuracy), but differed significantly from FBs, mostly because the RBs had a number of partially accurate translations. The three lowest scoring RBs had the highest number of such translations as well as inaccurate translations based on phonological associations, as is common in emergent lexicons. This lexical test correlates with grammatical proficiency measures, pointing to its potential value as a quick placement and diagnostic test in revitalization programs for Inuttitut as well as other languages in a language loss situation.
Beneficial effects of the micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF, Daflon® 500 mg) on microvascular damage elicited by sclerotherapy
Authors: de Souza Maria das Graças C , Cyrino Fatima ZGA , Mayall Monica R , Virgini-Magalhães Carlos E , Sicuro Fernando L , Carvalho Jorge José de , Verbeuren Tony J , Bouskela Eliete
Published: December 2014

Objectives

To evaluate if the micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF) treatment could reduce the side effects of sclerotherapy (a procedure frequently used to treat venous disease manifestations) by minimizing the inflammatory response within the surrounding tissues.

Method

Twenty-two male New Zealand rabbits were treated by gavage with micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF; 300 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (10% lactose solution) during 21 consecutive days, starting 7 days before sclerotherapy. The sclerotherapy consisted of an injection containing 5% ethanolamine oleate solution in the rabbit’s dorsal ear vein. Before and after sclerotherapy, venular and arteriolar diameters, microvascular permeability, functional capillary density (FCD), number of rolling and sticking leukocytes were evaluated on ear microcirculation. Images of the sclerotherapy site were taken before and after the procedure.

Results

Compared to placebo, MPFF treatment prevented the increase in venular diameter, preserved FCD ( P < 0.001) and reduced the number of leaky sites ( P < 0.001) and sticking leukocytes ( P < 0.001). Imaging confirmed these effects on thrombosis and perivascular edema of the sclerosed vein, 14 days after procedure.

Conclusion

MPFF treatment limited the postsclerotherapy inflammation in surrounding microvascular network, suggesting that MPFF may prevent undesirable secondary effects of the procedure in this animal model. This study warrants further investigation for its use in clinical conditions.
Learning grounded finite-state representations from unstructured demonstrations
Authors: Niekum Scott , Osentoski Sarah , Konidaris George , Chitta Sachin , Marthi Bhaskara , Barto Andrew G.
Published: December 2014

Robots exhibit flexible behavior largely in proportion to their degree of knowledge about the world. Such knowledge is often meticulously hand-coded for a narrow class of tasks, limiting the scope of possible robot competencies. Thus, the primary limiting factor of robot capabilities is often not the physical attributes of the robot, but the limited time and skill of expert programmers. One way to deal with the vast number of situations and environments that robots face outside the laboratory is to provide users with simple methods for programming robots that do not require the skill of an expert. For this reason, learning from demonstration (LfD) has become a popular alternative to traditional robot programming methods, aiming to provide a natural mechanism for quickly teaching robots. By simply showing a robot how to perform a task, users can easily demonstrate new tasks as needed, without any special knowledge about the robot. Unfortunately, LfD often yields little knowledge about the world, and thus lacks robust generalization capabilities, especially for complex, multi-step tasks. We present a series of algorithms that draw from recent advances in Bayesian non-parametric statistics and control theory to automatically detect and leverage repeated structure at multiple levels of abstraction in demonstration data. The discovery of repeated structure provides critical insights into task invariants, features of importance, high-level task structure, and appropriate skills for the task. This culminates in the discovery of a finite-state representation of the task, composed of grounded skills that are flexible and reusable, providing robust generalization and transfer in complex, multi-step robotic tasks. These algorithms are tested and evaluated using a PR2 mobile manipulator, showing success on several complex real-world tasks, such as furniture assembly.
A Comparison of Biochemical and Histopathologic Staging in Cats With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: McLeland S. M. , Cianciolo R. E. , Duncan C. G. , Quimby J. M.
Published: December 2014

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prevalent in elderly cats. Frequently, a diagnosis is made in later stages of disease, by which time many renal lesions are irreversible. As such, little headway has been made in identifying an etiology and preventing this common disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and severity of both reversible and irreversible histopathologic changes in the kidneys of cats at each stage of CKD and, in addition, to determine if lesion prevalence and character were different between stages. A total of 46 cats with CKD were classified according to the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) as stage I (3 cats), stage II (16 cats), stage III (14 cats), and stage IV (13 cats). Eleven young, nonazotemic and 10 geriatric, nonazotemic cats were included as controls. The severity of tubular degeneration, interstitial inflammation, fibrosis, and glomerulosclerosis was significantly greater in later stages of CKD compared with early stages of disease. Proteinuria was associated with increased severity of tubular degeneration, inflammation, fibrosis, tubular epithelial single-cell necrosis, and decreased normal parenchyma. Presence of hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis, fibrointimal hyperplasia, or other vascular lesions were not found to be significantly different between hypertensive and normotensive cats. The greater prevalence and severity of irreversible lesions in stage III and IV CKD implies that therapeutic interventions should be targeted at earlier stages of disease.
An exploration of the notion of the ‘good enough school’
Authors: James Chris , Oplatka Izhar
Published: December 2014

In many countries, expectations of schools are very high and rising, with increasingly serious consequences for schools if those expectations are not met. It is as if only ‘perfect schools’ will suffice – only then will all those with an interest in schools be satisfied. In this article, we argue that schools cannot be perfect and that indeed perfection is undesirable, for important educational/developmental reasons. We use the ‘good enough mother’ concept to explain and develop an alternative notion, the ‘good enough school’. We draw on a round-table discussion at the 2013 BELMAS Annual Conference in Edinburgh where we explained the concept and discussed vignettes of events in schools in relation to the ‘good enough school’ idea.
Nursing Science
Authors: Clarke Pamela N.
Published: December 2014

More emphasis on nursing theory in education and practice settings is suggested as an approach to reduce lateral violence in the workplace.
Linking Native American Tribal Policy to Practice in Mental Health Care
Authors: Kinsey Kathy , Reed Pamela G.
Published: December 2014

The authors highlight approaches used in implementing tribal policy to provide a successful culturally-based modification of dialectical behavior therapy in the Suquamish Native American Tribe. The modified program was called Healthy and Whole. This work fostered greater tribal community resiliency despite the serious mental health problems of the community. It also strengthened tribal policies that support mental health treatment.
Incivility as Bullying in Nursing Education
Authors: Condon Barbara Backer
Published: December 2014

Incivility as bullying in the workplace remains an important issue in need of attention. Nursing teaching-learning environments are no different. Acts of bullying can be disruptive and harmful to individuals and institutions. The author in this column discusses the prevalence of incivility as bullying within nursing communities with a focus on those in education. The humanbecoming ethical tenets, shame and betrayal are discussed as they relate to bullying. Suggested means of putting an end to this incivility are presented with a call for all nursing faculty to honor living quality as humanbecoming professionals.
Experimental and numerical study of an integrated air- and steam-cooled gas turbine vane
Authors: Shi XJ , Gao JM , Agnew B , Liang WY , Wang W
Published: December 2014

This paper proposes a new cooling method which integrates steam and air for gas turbine vane cooling with the aim to solve the problem of a very high thermal load at the trailing edge region of a steam-cooled gas turbine vane. The influence of coolant inlet conditions on the temperature and cooling effectiveness distribution of the experimental vane surface has been investigated in a hot wind tunnel test facility with a three-vane cascade. The test vane external aerodynamic and heat transfer were investigated experimentally and numerically. Two improved arrangement of cooling working fluid flow direction were designed to reduce the temperature gradient along the vane height. The following conclusions can be made: the thermal load at the trailing edge region is reduced for this integrated air and steam cooled gas turbine vane; the surface temperature uniformity is improved. Under an optimal thermal physical parameters of the cooling fluids, the cooling effectiveness of the trailing edge region and the leading edge region are 50% and 55%, respectively; the cooling effectiveness of the mid chord region is the highest and reaches 67%; The cooling method and structure have more influence on the cooling effectiveness compared with the cooling fluids inlet conditions.
Treatment of Hypertension With Chronotherapy
Authors: Stranges Paul M. , Drew Amy M. , Rafferty Patricia , Shuster Jerrica E. , Brooks Amie D.
Published: December 2014

Objective: To review evidence for dosing antihypertensives at bedtime and possible cardiovascular risk reduction. Data Sources: A PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Controlled Trials database literature search (1990-September 2014) limited to human subjects was performed using the search terms hypertension, chronotherapy, ambulatory blood pressure, morning administration, evening administration, and antihypertensives. Additional references were identified from literature citations. Study Selection: All prospective studies assessing cardiovascular outcomes or comparing morning to evening administration of antihypertensives were selected. Data Synthesis: Compared with morning administration, dosing one or more antihypertensive medications at bedtime helps induce a normal circadian blood pressure pattern and reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in individuals with hypertension. Similar results have been reported in high-risk individuals with diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and resistant hypertension. A lack of diversity among studied populations and reliance on subgroup analyses are among the limitations of these data. All antihypertensive medications have not been studied in chronotherapy and do not uniformly achieve desired results. The most substantial evidence exists for medications affecting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Conclusions: Despite growing evidence and promise as a cost-effective strategy for reducing cardiovascular risk, chronotherapy is not uniformly recommended in the treatment of hypertension. Careful selection of patients and antihypertensives for chronotherapy is required. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the definitive impact of chronotherapy on cardiovascular outcomes.
Ledipasvir-Sofosbuvir
Authors: Smith Michael A. , Chan Juliana , Mohammad Rima A.
Published: December 2014

Objectives: To review the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). Data Sources: A literature search through clinicaltrials.gov, EMBASE, and PubMed was conducted (January 1966 to October 2014) using the terms ledipasvir, sofosbuvir, GS-5885, and GS-7977. References from retrieved articles and abstracts presented at recent meetings were reviewed for any additional material. The prescribing information was also reviewed. Study Selection/Data Extraction: Phase 1, 2, and 3 human and animal studies describing the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for HCV were identified. Data Synthesis: Ledipasvir-sofosbuvir, a fixed-dose combination (FDC) tablet inhibiting nonstructural (NS) 5A and 5B proteins, without peginterferon and ribavirin is indicated for adult patients with genotype 1 HCV infection who are treatment naïve or experienced, with or without cirrhosis. Pivotal trials (n = 1952) have demonstrated that once-daily administration of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir for 12 or 24 weeks is effective at achieving sustained virological response (SVR) rates (94%-99%) in treatment-naïve patients (12 weeks), treatment-experienced patients without cirrhosis (12 weeks), and treatment-experienced patients with cirrhosis (24 weeks). Treatment-naïve patients without cirrhosis and baseline viral levels of less than 6 million IU/mL may be considered for 8 weeks of treatment. The most common adverse drug events (ADEs) associated with ledipasvir-sofosbuvir include headache, fatigue, insomnia, nausea, and diarrhea. Conclusions: Ledipasvir-sofosbuvir is the first interferon- and ribavirin-free FDC agent that has SVR rates much greater than 94%, with minimal ADEs, for the treatment of chronic HCV genotype 1 in naïve and treatment-experienced patients.
From Relating to (Re)Presenting
Authors: Dorner Lisa M.
Published: December 2014

This article advances the conversation on conducting ethical research with children by examining the process and products of a longitudinal ethnographic study about the implementation of a new bilingual policy in one midwestern school district. Framed by “procedural ethics” and “ethics in practice,” and drawing from earlier considerations of power and representation, this re-analysis considers the following: What activities were designed to elicit children’s perspectives on the policy? How did the researcher and children relate to one another? How was children’s knowledge ultimately represented? The discussion concludes thus: As researchers address power imbalances, they must examine when and where real power shifts are ethical and desirable. Researchers must also create an “ethics-post-practice” to ensure ethical representation of children’s knowledge at the end of the process.
Bicameralism, nationality and party cohesion in the European Parliament
Authors: Costello Rory , Thomson Robert
Published: December 2014

Party cohesion in legislatures is a topic of longstanding concern to political scientists because cohesion facilitates democratic representation. We examine the cohesion of transnational party groups in the European Parliament, which is part of the EU’s bicameral system, and study the oftentimes competing pressures to which MEPs are subject from their EP party groups and national governments. Our explanation focuses on the conditions under which MEPs take policy positions that differ from those of their party groups. We propose that national governments lobby their national MEPs more intensely on issues of high national salience and on which they are in a weak bargaining position in the Council. The analyses offer a unique approach to the study of party cohesion that is based on the policy positions taken by each national delegation of MEPs in each of the three main party groups and national governments on specific controversial issues.
Compartment Syndrome After Varicose Vein Surgery Evidenced by CT Images
Authors: Wang Sheng-Min , Kim Maru
Published: December 2014

A 21-year-old man developed compartment syndrome after a varicose vein surgery. Because of a lack of appropriate diagnostic apparatus, it was not possible to measure calf pressure. The only diagnostic tool available was computed tomography (CT). With the aid of CT, faster diagnosis of the compartment syndrome was possible, leading to appropriate management. By providing unique CT images of a patient before and after having compartment syndrome and after a fasciotomy, this study could add valuable references for diagnosis of compartment syndrome using CT.
Investigation into coordinating dependencies between care pathways within mental healthcare: A qualitative case study and pilot testing of a new theoretical framework
Authors: Sengers Marjolein , Bongers Inge MB , Roeg Diana PK
Published: December 2014

Introduction

Aiming to improve quality of care and reduce costs, mental healthcare organizations implemented care pathways. These pathways have mostly been evaluated as single entities. However, evidence suggests that improvements in individual pathways do not necessarily lead to better performance within the whole care process due to dependencies between pathways. Limited empirical research has been devoted to this theme. The aim of this study was to examine how departments coordinate dependencies between pathways, to discern types of coordination used and to construct a theoretical framework.

Methods

In a comparative case study of three departments within two mental healthcare organizations, 27 employees were interviewed on the subject of coordination of pathways. A document review was performed to gain general insights into the departments and their pathways. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using content analysis, based on criteria derived from the theoretical framework. The cases were compared through pattern analysis.

Results

Findings indicate a lack of awareness among team members regarding the theoretical pathway structure within their department and that all departments deployed a function or system to monitor coordination practices. Within the departments, flow dependencies were found. Although departments coordinated pathways differently, these mostly were horizontal and programmed in nature.

Discussion

The findings suggest more explicit and structured communication about pathways can be helpful in organizations. Also, outcomes were better if coordination was monitored. Further research is warranted to verify and evaluate the preference for horizontal and programmed ways of coordinating pathway dependencies within mental healthcare.
How I treat the older patient with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ossenkoppele Gert , Löwenberg Bob
Published: December 2014

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in older patients presents a notable therapeutic challenge to the clinical hematologist. The clinical biology of AML among patients is highly heterogeneous. Interpatient variations are relevant for prognosis and treatment choice. Outcome of treatment for patients of advanced age is often compromised by comorbid conditions and an enhanced susceptibility to toxicities from therapy. Here we present selected clinical vignettes that highlight distinct representative situations derived from clinical practice. The vignettes are specifically discussed in light of the perspective of treating older patients with leukemia. We review the clinical significance of various cytogenetic and molecular features of the disease, and we examine the various currently available treatment options as well as the emerging prognostic algorithms that may offer guidance in regard to personalized therapy recommendations. The dilemmas in tailoring treatment selection in this category of patients with AML are the central theme in this discussion.
RUSL: Trash in Iceland
Authors: Rawlings Angela
Published: December 2014

RUSL explores the potential for ecolinguistic activism to act as a gateway for experiential learning via the generation of site-dependent artwork related to place. Autoethnographic methodology demonstrates the effectiveness of pedagogy focused on transformative action, and documentation of art-making processes offers repeatable models that may result in action competence with the power to alter a person’s notion of herself as a place-maker and of her interconnectedness with ecosystems in flux.
Permutation and randomness in the Action Score Generator
Authors: Walker Nathan
Published: December 2014

This article discusses the Action Score Generator (ASG), an online writing machine that randomly arranges words into six-word-length performance scores. The generator belongs to a lineage of language-based artworks and practices that relinquish authorial control to the viewer. Exploring the methods of Event Scores developed by George Brecht the ASG is a website that distributes an infinite number of scores as both instructions and poetry. This is articulated in relation to Christopher Strachey’s ‘Love Letter Generator’ and other permutational and computational writing programmes that use randomness and code to produce writing in modular forms.
Infinitely-many solutions for subquadratic fractional Hamiltonian systems with potential changing sign
Authors: Zhang Ziheng , Yuan Rong
Published: December 2014

In this paper we are concerned with the existence of infinitely-many solutions for fractional Hamiltonian systems of the form

t

D
∞
α

(

-
∞

D
t
α

u

(
t
)

)

+
L

(
t
)

u

(
t
)

=
∇
W

(
t
,
u

(
t
)

)

${\,}_tD^{\alpha }_{\infty }(_{-\infty }D^{\alpha }_{t}u(t))+L(t)u(t)=\nabla W(t,u(t))$

,
where

α
∈
(

1
2

,
1
)

${\alpha \in (\frac{1}{2},1)}$

,

t
∈
ℝ

${t\in \mathbb {R}}$

,

u
∈

ℝ
n

${u\in \mathbb {R}^n}$

,

L
∈
C
(
ℝ
,

ℝ

n
2

)

${L\in C(\mathbb {R},\mathbb {R}^{n^2})}$

is a symmetric and positive definite matrix for all

t
∈
ℝ

${t\in \mathbb {R}}$

,

W
∈

C
1

(
ℝ
×

ℝ
n

,
ℝ
)

${W\in C^1(\mathbb {R}\times \mathbb {R}^n,\mathbb {R})}$

and

∇
W
(
t
,
u
)

${\nabla W(t,u)}$

is the gradient of

W
(
t
,
u
)

${W(t,u)}$

at u. The novelty of this paper is that, assuming L(t) is bounded in the sense that there are constants

0
<

τ
1

<

τ
2

<
∞

${0<\tau _1<\tau _2< \infty }$

such that

τ
1

|
u
|

2

≤

(
L

(
t
)

u
,
u
)

≤

τ
2

|
u
|

2

${\tau _1 |u|^2\le (L(t)u,u)\le \tau _2 |u|^2}$

for all

(
t
,
u
)

∈
ℝ
×

ℝ
n

${(t,u)\in \mathbb {R}\times \mathbb {R}^n}$

and

W
(
t
,
u
)

${W(t,u)}$

is of the form

(

a
(
t
)

/

(

p
+
1

)

)

|
u
|

p
+
1

${({a(t)}/({p+1}))|u|^{p+1}}$

such that

a
∈

L
∞

(
ℝ
,
ℝ
)

${a\in L^{\infty }(\mathbb {R},\mathbb {R})}$

can change its sign and

0
<
p
<
1

${0<p<1}$

is a constant, we show that the above fractional Hamiltonian systems possess infinitely-many solutions. The proof is based on the symmetric mountain pass theorem. Recent results in the literature are generalized and significantly improved.
Existence and multiplicity results for some Lane–Emden elliptic systems: Subquadratic case
Authors: Barile Sara , Salvatore Addolorata
Published: December 2014

We study the nonlinear elliptic system of Lane–Emden type
-Δu = sgn(v) |v|
p-1 in Ω,
-Δv = f(x,u) in Ω, u = v = 0 on ∂Ω,
where Ω is an open bounded subset of ℝ
N
, N ≥ 2, p > 1 and
f : Ω × ℝ → ℝ is a Carathéodory function satisfying suitable growth assumptions. Existence and multiplicity results are proved by means of a generalized Weierstrass Theorem and a variant of the Symmetric Mountain Pass Theorem.
Mental images in Porphyry’s commentary on Ptolemy’s Harmonics
Authors: Lautner Peter
Published: December 2014

The paper aims to show that /1/ on the theory of concept acquisition we gain universal concepts at the end of a process in which pictorial and conceptual phases are alternating, with the implication that the representational capacity (phantasia) produces pictures of a universal nature, and that /2/ even if the excursus Porphyry’s theory of knowledge in the preface of the Harmonics-commentary may heavily rely on theories from the early Middle Platonism, Porphyry could adopt it for his own purposes, in a way to be in line with what he says elsewhere in his works.
The origin of the Baltic inchoative in -sta-
Authors: Gorbachov Yaroslav
Published: December 2014

According to the majority view, the Baltic class of inchoative verbs in -sta- continues, mutatis mutandis, PIE sḱe/o-presents. However, important details remain unclear, which makes the connection a mere hypothesis. The present paper derives all formal and functional properties of the Baltic sta-category from the PIE sḱe/o-(desiderative-)inchoative, formulates a sound law responsible for the phonological shape of the suffix -sta-, and seeks to substantiate the proposed law with independent evidence. A Balto-Slavic change sḱ > st has been surmised before, but it has never been properly demonstrated for Baltic and is falsifiable when it comes to Slavic.
The long vowel in WGmc. *hlūdV
Authors: Vijūnas Aurelijus
Published: December 2014

Although there is a long tradition of deriving Old English hlūd, Old High German hlūt ‘loud’, Old English hlӯd ‘sound’ etc. from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱleu̯- ‘hear’, such a derivation poses insurmountable phonological problems. Several attempts have been made to explain these West Germanic formations away as analogical after seṭ-roots in the zero grade, but a closer investigation (described in this paper) has revealed that the latter formations could not serve as the source of analogy for the forms of the hlūd-type. In this article, it is proposed that the forms of the hlūd-type derive from another verbal root altogether.
Did murmur spread in Pre-Proto-Indo-European?
Authors: Barrack Charles M. , McCloy Daniel R. , Wright Richard A.
Published: December 2014

The reconstructed stop consonants of Proto-Indo-European (PIE) present something of an anomaly from the perspective of linguistic typology. Whereas murmured (breathy-voiced) stops are cross-linguistically rare (indeed, they are non-existent in nine of the ten historic branches of the Indo-European languages), they are more widespread in the lexicon of PIE than their plain-voiced counterparts. In this paper we present statistical evidence to establish that the preponderance of murmured stops in PIE is atypical, and propose a novel explanation for their distribution: namely, that murmur - already present in pre-Proto-Indo- European - was in the process of spreading through the PIE lexicon to the plainvoiced stops especially in initial position. We suggest some possible phonetic mechanisms that may have given rise to the spread of murmur.
Surprise at length of Tocharian nouns
Authors: Malzahn Melanie
Published: December 2014

The Tocharian languages exhibit many examples of the lengthened grade in roots of nominal stems. We find forms that, on the one hand, descend from PIE paradigms in which lengthened grades are expected given our current understanding of ablaut patterns, e. g. TA śanweṃ ‘jaws’, which descends either from an acrostatic u-stem or from a PIE denominative o-stem that denoted appurtenance and was formed by vṛddhisation. On the other hand, there are lengthened grades in Tocharian nouns that do come as a surprise as is the case with TB ñem/TA ñom ‘name’, if this goes back to a protoform PIE *h₁nḗh₃-mṇ. These unexpected lengthened-grade forms will be discussed especially in the context of the so-called Narten system.
A Class of Exact Solution of (3+1)-Dimensional Generalized Shallow Water Equation System
Authors: Liu Jian-Guo , Zeng Zhi-Fang , He Yan , Ai Guo-Ping
Published: December 2014

Shallow water wave equation has increasing use in many applications for its success in eliminating spurious oscillation, and has been widely studied. In this paper, we investigate (3+1)-dimensional generalized shallow water equation system. Based on the

(

G
′

/

G
)

$(G'/G)$

-expansion method and the variable separation method, we choose

ξ
(
x
,
y
,
z
,
t
)
=
f
(
y
+
c
z
)
+
a
x
+
h
(
t
)

$\xi (x,y,z,t) = f(y + cz) + ax + h(t)$

and suppose that

a
i

(
i
=
1
,
2
,
…
,
m
)

${a_i}(i = 1,2, \ldots,m)$

is an undetermined function about

x
,
y
,
z
,
t

$x,y,z,t$

instead of a constant in eq. (3), which are different from those in previous literatures. With the aid of symbolic computation, we obtain a family of exact solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional generalized shallow water equation system in forms of the hyperbolic functions and the trigonometric functions. When the parameters take special values, in addition to traveling wave solutions, we also get the nontraveling wave solutions by using our method; these obtained solutions possess abundant structures. The figures corresponding to these solutions are illustrated to show the particular localized excitations and the interactions between two solitary waves. The

(

G
′

/

G
)

$(G'/G)$

-expansion method is a very general and powerful tool that will lead to further insights and improvements of the nonlinear models.
A middle school instructional unit for size and scale contextualized in nanotechnology
Authors: Delgado Cesar , Stevens Shawn Y. , Shin Namsoo , Krajcik Joseph
Published: December 2014

Size and scale is a “big idea” in nanoscale science and engineering and is poorly understood by secondary students. This paper describes the design process, implementation, and evaluation of a 12-h instructional unit for size and scale, in a summer science camp for middle school students from a low SES public school district. Instructional activities were designed following a construct-centered design approach and included the use of microscopes, custom-made computer simulations, and 2-D and 3-D scale models. The unit followed a project-based instructional approach and was contextualized with the driving question, “How can nanotechnology keep me from getting sick?” Pre- and post-intervention interviews revealed that students significantly increased their qualitative and quantitative knowledge of the size of objects including atom, viruses, and cells, with an effect size of 0.8 for an overall metric. The campers closed the gap with private middle school students and on some measures surpassed high school students from the same district. The principle of “broad spectrum” curriculum and instruction – activities that target specific advanced understandings but simultaneously scaffold or support the learning of more fundamental, prerequisite ideas – was inductively generated from an analysis of the learning activities.
Alles für die Katz’?
Authors: Hohneck Heimo
Published: December 2014

The so-called cat’s coffin of prince Thutmose (Egyptian Museum Cairo, CG 5003), which was allegedly found during an excavation at Mit Rahina in 1892, is a curious monument. Whilst prince Thutmose is commonly regarded as a son of Amenhotep III, this coffin so far delivers the only known example for him as “eldest king’s son” and high priest of Ptah at Memphis. But, for several reasons, its authenticity seems to be very dubious.
A Numerical Study of the Flame Stabilization Mechanism Being Determined by Chemical Reaction Rates Submitted to Heat Transfer Processes
Authors: Kuenne Guido , Euler Matthias , Ketelheun Anja , Avdić Amer , Dreizler Andreas , Janicka Johannes
Published: December 2014

Large Eddy Simulations of a turbulent lean premixed stratified burner
are conducted in order to determine the physical mechanisms that
dominate the flame stabilization close to burner walls. The purpose of
this work is both to provide insight into the underlying physics as
well as to check whether the deficiencies found in previous
simulations are related to an inappropriate heat transfer
treatment. The simulation utilizes a three-dimensional detailed
chemistry database in order to capture the chemical reaction rates
based on local mixing and thermal conditions. The study is
supplemented by very accurate wall temperature measurements to remove
the large uncertainty revealed in the past for this configuration. The
results obtained from the simulations are evaluated by means of
a qualitative illustration of the different flame stabilizations and
comparisons with experimental data.
Análisis de eficiencia relativa de hospitales públicos de Costa Rica
Authors: Morera-Salas Melvin
Published: December 2014

El análisis de eficiencia relativa hospitalaria resulta un tema trascendental para la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, dado que le permite determinar cuáles de los hospitales presentan un mejor desempeño relativo y cuáles podrían mejorar el uso de los recursos. El objetivo es analizar la eficiencia técnica hospitalaria en Costa Rica. Se utilizaron datos del 2012-2013 para los hospitales generales de la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social.  Para determinar la eficiencia hospitalaria se utiliza el análisis envolvente de datos con dos insumos: gasto en hospitalización y las camas y tres productos: actividad hospitalaria ajustada por casuística, índice de funcionamiento e índice de mortalidad intrahospitalaria ajustada por riesgo. Los resultados muestran que el nivel de eficiencia varía sustancialmente entre los 23 hospitales analizados. En 2013, un 30% de los hospitales resultó ser eficiente técnicamente, situación que mejoró levente respecto a 2012. Este trabajo es una primera aproximación del análisis de eficiencia de los hospitales públicos de Costa Rica. Se realizó un esfuerzo para homogenizar los datos, al ajustar las variables para considerar la complejidad y el riesgo de los casos que maneja cada hospital, de tal forma que los resultados sean comparables entre centros de diferentes tamaño y complejidad. Como conclusión se tiene que el 70% de los hospitales puede mejorar el uso de los recursos.
Energetic comparison of some stump-removing methods
Authors: Czupy I.
Published: December 2014

Concerns about climate change and fossil fuel shortages are encouraging interest in stumps, as alternative energy sources. Stumps are an almost unused resource in the context of bio fuels. Stump harvesting signifies an intensification of forest management compared with conventional stem-only or above-ground biomass-only harvesting. There are many benefits of stump harvesting. These include: the production of wood fuel, fossil fuel substitution, and improved soil preparation.Removing tree trunks in Hungary has been going on according to the principle of stump extraction, which means stumps are removed by grabbing technology. Experiments have been carried out to reduce the extraction force. In the Great Hungarian Lowland, where large areas require the operation implementation, stump extraction is done by special, hydraulic driven baggers equipped with a special bucket. During operation of the equipment, we carried out measurements of the extraction force and the time requirement. The experiments are designed to carry out the measurements with different soils and different tree species. According to our proposal the suitable force and torque required to remove stumps can be significantly reduced if before the lifting the soil — root connection is loosened. One of the possible ways to implement this task is the use of vibration. Since relatively great vibration power and wide domain of frequency are necessary, therefore we prepared the loosening machinery elements of alternating-current hydraulics system. Based on constructions variants we created a tractor-mounted experimental alternating-current hydraulic stump-loosening machine. It was designed with the ability to produce horizontal vibration in order to loosen stumps.
Diagnósticos de enfermagem em cliente com (TCE) e em seu familiar e/ou pessoa significativa
Authors: Faria Anialcy Barbosa , Cruz Isabel Cristina Fonseca da
Published: December 2014

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo relatar o estudo de caso de um cliente com TCE e em seu familiar e/ou pessoa significativa, levantando os Diagnósticos de Enfermagem segundo a Taxonomia I da NANDA (North American Diagnosis Association), utilizando-se a Teoria das Necessidades Humanas Básicas Afetadas de Wanda Horta. O estudo foi realizado no Hospital Universitário Antonio Pedro, UFF, onde foram encontrados 6 diagnósticos de enfermagem para o cliente e 1 para o familiar.
Síndromes da assistência de enfermagem
Authors: Nascimento Maria Aparecida de Luca , Souza Elvira de Felice
Published: December 2014

O presente estudo tem como objetivo principal descrever as "síndromes da assistência de enfermagem" que são observadas durante o exercício profissional do enfermeiro, além de propor a criação de uma nova linha de pesquisa voltada para a descrição das mesmas. A autora traça um paralelismo entre as iatrogenias e as referidas síndromes, enfatizando que a proposta de descrevê-las tem como finalidade o aspecto preventivo. No desenrolar do estudo, após algumas considerações históricas concernentes ao desenvolvimento da prática profissional e de como a mesma é praticada atualmente, surge a conceituação das "síndromes da assistência de enfermagem", que é uma exortação ao profissional de enfermagem para que visualize a sua prática de forma mais abrangente pautando-a na observação acurada e no questionamento de procedimentos que são realizados de forma mecânica, repetitiva e institucionalizada.
Representação de doença entre pós-graduandos
Authors: Vieira Maria Jésia
Published: December 2014

Este trabalho analisa as concepções de doença em diversos momentos históricos e, tomando como referencial teórico a antropologia da doença de Laplantine (1991), analisa, em um grupo de pós-graduandos, suas representações de doença enquanto experiência pessoal e enquanto experiência profissional, dentro de 4 pares etiológicos propostos pelo autor.
O significado da rotatividade de pessoal numa instituição de saúde privada
Authors: Bezerra Ana Lúcia Queiroz
Published: December 2014

O estudo foi desenvolvido numa instituição hospitalar da capital de São Paulo, com uma população de 54 enfermeiros que solicitaram demissão no período de janeiro de 1995 a janeiro de 1996. Esses enfermeiros, no momento da demissão, preencheram uma ficha com informações sobre tempo de serviço, razões e comentários sobre a demissão, opinião sobre a instituição, a supervisão e sugestões. Objetivou-se analisar a freqüência e os motivos da rotatividade dos enfermeiros na instituição, no sentido de delinear estratégias administrativas adequadas de intervenção. Foi utilizado o estudo exploratório de caráter retrospectivo, com análise quanti-qualitativa dos dados. A análise dos dados considerou que 74% dos enfermeiros se desligaram da instituição no período de doze meses, sendo 35,3% até o terceiro mês. Os enfermeiros deram ênfase às condições de trabalho, especialmente o quadro de pessoal, benefícios e a comunicação interpessoal. Os resultados vieram ao encontro da nossa percepção sobre as causas da rotatividade dos enfermeiros da instituição.
Investigação de enfermagem sobre o uso de cateteres venosos em clientes hospitalizados
Authors: Utyama Iwa Keiko Aida , Ohnishi Mitsuko , Quesada Regina Mariuza Borsato , Ishioka Cassia Hitomi
Published: December 2014

Através do presente estudo pode-se concluir que a cateterização intravenosa foi efetuada em 59,4% da amostra por acesso venoso dificultado; em 100% da amostra foi efetuado curativo fechado, sendo que a troca do curativo foi feita a cada 48 horas em 89,8% da amostra; o tempo de permanência do cateter intravenoso foi de até 10 dias em 52% dos casos, sendo que o cateter foi retirado em 34,8% por suspensão da medicação e problemas técnicos, respectivamente. O microrganismo de maior incidência foi Stophylococcus aureus em 20,3% da amostra analisada.
A compreensão do ideário da enfermagem para a transformação da prática profissional
Authors: Padilha Maria Itayra Coelho de Souza , Nazario Nazaré Otília , Moreira Marléa Chagas
Published: December 2014

O estudo trata da análise da compreensão que as alunas do curso de graduação em enfermagem têm acerca dos significados da enfermagem enquanto profissão feminina, à luz das razões que as levaram a escolhê-la. O método é qualitativo e utiliza a representação social para análise dos dados. Os resultados mostram que a Enfermagem é percebida como uma profissão de amor ao próximo, uma forma de chegar perto de Deus, mas também como desafio e luta por uma profissão melhor.
Poder, interdependência e complementaridade no trabalho hospitalar: uma análise a partir da enfermagem
Authors: Lopes Marta Julia Marques
Published: December 2014

O ensaio em questão propõe-se a discutir as recentes transformações do trabalho hospitalar e do trabalho de enfermagem em particular. As análises privilegiam as relações inter e intra equipes multidisciplinares constitutivas das práticas envolvidas no processo terapêutico presentes no espaço-tempo hospitalar.
A cidadania corporativa como uma orientação de marketing: um estudo no varejo
Authors: Pinto Marcelo de Rezende , Lara José Edson
Published: December 2014

O tema cidadania corporativa tem recebido substancial interesse a partir da última década. Apesar disso, poucas pesquisas têm procurado investigar se a adoção de práticas consideradas socialmente responsáveis pode ser utilizada como um instrumento de marketing para as empresas. Sendo assim, realizou-se um estudo envolvendo 208 empresas do setor varejista com o propósito de investigar em que grau a adoção de práticas de cidadania corporativa impacta o comportamento dos clientes e funcionários das organizações. A pesquisa é baseada em estudos de Maignan e Ferrell (2001a) e utiliza-se do modelo de Archie Carroll (1991) para a performance social corporativa em suas quatro dimensões (econômica, legal, ética e filantrópica). Para atingir os objetivos propostos, foram utilizadas a análise do coeficiente de Pearson e a técnica estatística denominada análise de regressão múltipla. Os resultados indicam que a adoção de práticas de cidadania corporativa impacta, fracamente, a lealdade dos clientes e mais fortemente o comprometimento dos funcionários. Assim, pode-se afirmar que a cidadania corporativa pode ser utilizada como um instrumento de marketing interno e externo para as organizações.
Responsabilidade social: ideologia, poder e discurso na lógica empresarial
Authors: Bittencourt Epaminondas , Carrieri Alexandre
Published: December 2014

O objetivo do artigo é identificar como uma empresa multinacional de papel e celulose desenvolve programas sociais em uma região compreendida por 47 municípios no estado de Minas Gerais. A escolha da empresa X foi definida pela sua importância na indústria mineira, bem como pelo destaque dado aos programas sociais da empresa no meio empresarial, que vivencia iniciativas centralizadas de incentivo ao voluntariado. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a concepção da responsabilidade social empresarial e uma pesquisa de campo qualitativa com agentes sociais na região de atuação da empresa. A metodologia empregada na pesquisa foi construída por meio de um conjunto de entrevistas semiestruturadas, utilizando a análise do discurso como técnica para pontuação das conclusões do trabalho. Os resultados demonstram que a prática da responsabilidade social se situa num contexto mais significativo que o mero discurso empresarial.
Remuneração e competências: retórica ou realidade?
Authors: Rodrigues Júnia Marçal
Published: December 2014

Este artigo objetiva refletir sobre a articulação entre práticas de remuneração e a noção de competências mediante a análise de um modelo organizacional. A crescente utilização da noção de competências como referência para a gestão de pessoas desperta o interesse na forma como se aplica ao processo de remuneração em face das limitações do sistema tradicional de remuneração num contexto de constantes mudanças. Por meio de pesquisa qualitativo-descritiva, tendo como principal instrumento para a coleta de dados a entrevista semi-estruturada, verificou-se que a vinculação entre remuneração e competências ocorre por meio processo de avaliação de desempenho, e que se fazem presentes várias contradições entre a concepção do modelo e sua aplicação, instigando uma discussão sobre a retórica e a realidade desse tipo de prática. Além disso, percebe-se a complexidade e a diversidade de variáveis envolvidas na arquitetura de um modelo de remuneração e sua operacionalização.
Relação dinâmica entre ibovespa e variáveis de política monetária
Authors: Grôppo Gustavo de Souza
Published: December 2014

Este estudo tem como principal objetivo analisar a relação causal entre um conjunto de variáveis de política monetária e o mercado acionário brasileiro, representado pelo Ibovespa, e para tal utilizará o procedimento de Bernanke (1986). Buscou-se analisar o efeito dos choques inesperados nas variáveis de política monetária, além de analisar o poder explanatório de cada uma das variáveis do modelo sobre o Ibovespa. Os resultados obtidos deixam claro que as taxas de juros de curto e longo prazo e a taxa de câmbio impactam contemporaneamente o Ibovespa. Contudo, a maior sensibilidade do índice está na taxa de câmbio, mostrando a importância exercida pelo câmbio no mercado acionário brasileiro. Uma depreciação inesperada no câmbio da ordem de 10% impacta negativamente o Ibovespa em 11,6%. Como na função impulso resposta, o câmbio é a variável que tem o maior poder explanatório.
Aspectos motivacionais e estratégicos na internacionalização de empresas brasileiras
Authors: Honório Luiz , Rodrigues Suzana Braga
Published: December 2014

O artigo discute os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre o comportamento internacional de firmas sob o foco de duas perspectivas teóricas importantes: a motivacional e a estratégica. O trabalho tem por objetivo identificar os fatores motivacionais e estratégicos presentes nas decisões internacionais e ainda pretende examinar as diferenças potenciais entre esses fatores tendo por base o tamanho da firma, a experiência internacional, estratégias anteriores de entrada e o envolvimento com vendas internacionais. Foi realizado um survey com 73 exportadoras brasileiras do setor de manufatura classificadas no Ministério do Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior. Os resultados evidenciam que fatores de ordem gerencial e associados aos mercados interno e externo impulsionam os negócios internacionais das empresas pesquisadas, elementos racionais e centralizadores demarcam o processo estratégico internacional, e diferenças significativas são observadas entre a maioria desses fatores em relação a tamanho, modo de entrada e envolvimento com vendas internacionais.
A conquista da felicidade via filosofia: o exemplo de Boécio
Authors: Sangalli Idalgo José
Published: December 2014

A análise visa a uma reflexão sobre ética e educação na obra De consolatione philosophiae, de Boécio. A partir da posição e atitude filosófica e de uma breve exposição geral do trabalho, procura-se compreender o processo boeciano de busca da felicidade, exposto no Livro III. No diálogo entre a Filosofia e Boécio, é retomada a ideia de que todos os homens desejam alcançar o bem final identificado como felicidade. Perdidos na multiplicidade fragmentada dos bens exteriores das paixões, os homens devem procurar, pelo caminho da filosofia e sem apelo à religião, o bem único e verdadeiro: Deus. A reflexão mostra o itinerário da vida humana e a necessidade de cada pessoa em "aprender a viver" uma vida ética, libertando-se das paixões do corpo que adoecem a alma.