bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The questions of legal ensuring and development of european security
Authors: Priymachenko D. V. , Morozov O. V. , Pasichnyk A. V.
Published: February 2020

The article analyzes and systematizes the current legal framework for European security and activities of the OSCE. It has been established that the current stage of development of interstate relationships is characterized by a very dynamic changes and factors and, moreover, the emergence of new European security challenges. At the same time, legal norms defning eﬀective mechanisms for a quick and eﬀective response to security challenges and the mandatory implementation of the measures developed at the moment are not practically exist. To create a strong and reliable system of eﬀective responses to modern European security challenges, it is necessary to develop and implement and implement, within the framework of the Universal European Security and Defense treatment, a set of international treaties and agreements aimed at increasing the eﬀectiveness of the security decisions.
Потреба реформування прокуратури україни як засіб розбудови правової держави
Authors: Омельчук Л. В. , Колосов О. О.
Published: February 2020

У цій статті визначено потребу реформування прокуратури в Україні як засіб розбудови правової держави. Визначено актуальність діяльності в Україні спеціалізованих прокуратур. Також надані пропозиції щодо підвищення ефективності функціонування прокуратури в цілому.
Проблеми правового забезпечення бюджетного фінансування освіти в Україні та шляхи їхнього вирішення
Authors: Сластьоненко О. О. , Шумінська М. І.
Published: February 2020

У статті проаналізовано законодавство, що на сучасному етапі забезпечує фінансування освіти. Доведено, що нормативно-правова база фінансування навчальних закладів є розгалуженою, однак існує ряд проблем, які варто усунути. Запропоновано шляхи вдосконалення правового забезпечення фінансування освіти в Україні.
Eating disorders that impact sports performance
Authors: Medina Paredes Segundo Víctor , Mocha Bonilla Julio Alfonso , Naranjo Reino María Teresa , Lozada Tuarez Angélica Fernanda
Published: February 2020

Existen varios aspectos que implican la formación de los deportistas, dentro de los cuales la nutrición es vital, sin embargo, en la actualidad se ha identificado que la anorexia y la bulimia nerviosa son los trastornos alimentarios que tienen mayor efecto en las personas que practican deporte. El objetivo del presente estudio es identificar los principales trastornos alimenticios que afectan el rendimiento en los deportes individuales y colectivos, por tanto, se desarrolló una metodología cuali–cuantitativa que permita comprender como afectan los trastornos alimentarios en los deportes individuales y colectivos; en el estudio participaron 52 adolescentes deportistas cuyas edades oscilan entre 14 a 18 años, se establecieron dos grupos en función del tipo de práctica deportiva: deporte individual (n:26) y deportes colectivamente (n:26), el instrumento de recolección de la información fue un cuestionario estructurado. Los datos numéricos de los actores directos a través del análisis e interpretación de los datos han permitido llegar a obtener conclusiones y plantear alternativas de solución para los deportistas que atraviesan problemas de trastornos alimenticios, a su vez prevenir futuros problemas a quienes se encuentren vulnerables con dichas afectaciones alimentarias.
Intervención Psicológica para la Gestión del Estrés en Deportistas Juveniles Federados
Authors: Pérez Esquivel Valeris , Díaz Martín Yanet
Published: February 2020

El estudio consistió en la elaboración de un cuasiexperimento, para verificar la efectividad de un sistema de técnicas de intervención, aplicado a una muestra no probabilística de 16 atletas jóvenes pertenecientes a la Federación Deportiva Chimborazo, deportistas entre 17 y 18 años, cuya intervención fue durante un período de cinco meses. La intervención toma como foco teórico la Teoría transaccional del estrés, incorporando técnicas de psicoeducación, reestructuración cognitiva, manejo emocional, control de respuestas fisiológicas y manejo de demandas ambientales. Se utilizaron como instrumentos principales: la escala de evaluación del estrés en el entorno deportivo, los 20 elementos relacionados con el manejo del estrés de la Prueba de características psicológicas relacionadas con el rendimiento y una entrevista que explora las experiencias de estrés en situaciones competitivas. Los datos obtenidos con las herramientas estadísticas se procesaron aplicando la distribución de frecuencia, el cálculo del porcentaje, la media aritmética y la prueba de significación estadística para pares en serie. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas entre el grupo experimental y el grupo control, antes y después de la aplicación de la intervención. El desarrollo y sistematización de técnicas de manejo del estrés adaptadas a las demandas del deporte desde una perspectiva transaccional, se presenta como una novedad científica. Se concluye como un valor práctico el desarrollo de una hoja de recopilación de información que permite capturar los recursos entrenados en el deportista para integrarlos en rutinas de preparación mental y usarlos en situaciones potencialmente estresantes
Combat fitness program and its effect on physical condition
Authors: Lema Villalba Klever Geovanny , Sailema Torres Ángel Aníbal , Tobar Lozada Betty Paulina , Hernández del Salto Segundo Víctor
Published: February 2020

La condición física es considerada un aspecto importante dentro de la apariencia personal, es por eso que el presente estudio propone la realización de un programa de Fitness de Combate para analizar la condición física de los participantes que asisten permanentemente al gimnasio Skainos de la ciudad de Ambato. La población estuvo conformada por 61 participantes todos de sexo masculino, para lo cual se propuso una metodología cuali-cuantitativa, realizada mediante un trabajo programado de ejercicios combinados de defensa personal, boxeo y artes marciales con el acompañamiento de una secuencia musical diseñada para potenciar la capacidad aeróbica de las personas.  El programa tuvo una duración de 10 meses; en cuanto al análisis de la condición física se aplicó el test de Cooper en dos momentos, antes y después de la realización del programa, la prueba aplicada tuvo una duración de 12 minutos, la cual verifica la distancia recorrida en el tiempo determinado. Los resultados en la condición física tras la aplicación del programa, evidencia una mejora significativa en la muestra de estudio, con lo cual existe una mejora indiscutibles de la condición física aeróbica, incluyendo la recuperación de indicadores cardiorrespiratorios gracias a la frecuencia, duración e intensidad del ejercicio.
La música infantil para desarrollar el aprendizaje significativo en el área Ciencias Naturales
Authors: Cunalata Ramón Sofía Alexandra , Aldás Rovayo Víctor Daniel
Published: February 2020

La calidad de aprendizaje que adquiera un estudiante, depende en gran medida de los recursos y metodologías que utilice el docente dentro de la práctica pedagógica. Por lo tanto, el presente documento de investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la utilización de la música para desarrollar el aprendizaje significativo en el área de Ciencias Naturales, a los estudiantes de Tercer Año de E.G.B. de la Unidad Educativa “Hispano América”, provincia de Tungurahua, Ecuador. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio y descriptivo, donde se trabajó con la totalidad de la población por haber sido menor a 100 personas, la misma que estuvo conformada por 2 docentes y 66 estudiantes. Los resultados obtenidos de las encuestas se interpretaron y analizaron por medio de la representación de tablas y gráficos. Aquellos plasman la escasa utilización de la música como un recurso, por parte de los docentes, para el desarrollo del aprendizaje significativo. Una de las causas es el desconocimiento sobre los beneficios que ofrece este medio artístico dentro del proceso pedagógico.
La inmigración latinoamericana y su influencia en la sociedad ecuatoriana de la provincia de Santa Elena
Authors: Toapanta Ulcuango Braulio Javier , Merino Narváez Welinton Cristóbal , Campos Cárdenas Fatina Eugenia , Merino Narvaez Asdrúbal Bayardo
Published: February 2020

La investigación a realizarse tiene como objetivo analizar las causas y consecuencias que generar la inmigración de los países latinoamericanos en la sociedad ecuatoriana de la provincia de Santa Elena, en especial los inmigrantes de  Venezuela, Colombia, Perú, argentina y chile, la inflación económica es la causa principal para que exista una inmigración con índice muy altos, las consecuencias de la inmigración son  la falta de empleo, vivienda, educación y alimentación para los ecuatorianos, porque la plazas laborales están siendo cubiertas por los inmigrantes y con sueldos muy reducidos. Entre las ciudades ecuatorianas a donde llegan los inmigrantes con alto porcentaje es Quito, Guayaquil, Cuenca, Oro, Santo Domingo y otras
Sistema de inteligencia de negocio para la caracterización del turista de naturaleza
Authors: Velasteguí López Luis Efraín , Chamba Melo Sayda Cecilia , Quille Chimborazo Wilson Wilfrido , Vázquez Alfonso Yasser
Published: February 2020

Los sistemas de inteligencia de negocio es una de las manifestaciones de la revolución científico técnica contemporánea ampliamente generalizada en países desarrollados. Actualmente los sistemas informáticos aplicados al turismo son muy usados en la práctica internacional ya que han evolucionado las metodologías de investigación turística, posibilitando solucionar los problemas de almacenamiento de datos cada vez más relacionado con el proceso de toma decisiones. En la investigación se realiza un análisis de los conceptos, herramientas y metodologías que se consideran importantes en el problema, reflejando el estado actual en la solución del mismo. El Ministerio de Turismo de Cotopaxi, al tener entre sus misiones y tareas el estricto control del turista que visita sus atractivos turísticos, posee un gran volumen de información que es generada diariamente. Como una respuesta a esa necesidad se decidió implementar un sistema de inteligencia de negocio, para el estudio del perfil de turista que visita los atractivos turísticos de Cotopaxi. La construcción e implementación de este sistema, utilizando el gestor de base datos Postgree SQL y la herramienta de modelado multidimensional Pentaho, presentó buena aceptación por parte de los directivos del turismo en Cotopaxi y contribuye a la toma de decisiones de los empresarios a nivel de atractivo turístico.
Lechuguín (Eichhornia Crassipes (Mart.) Solms) y lenteja de agua (Lemna Spp.) en la reducción de la dureza del agua de riego
Authors: Barreno Avila Enrique Mauricio , Córdova Suárez Manolo Alexander , Vargas López José Homero , Calderón Valdiviezo María Dolores
Published: February 2020

La contaminación del agua de riego representa uno de los problemas más importantes para la producción agrícola, ya que afecta significativamente a la economía por la pérdida de cultivos, debido a esto la búsqueda de métodos de remediación son muy importantes. El uso de plantas acuáticas representa una técnica alterna como fitorremediación a los métodos físicos utilizados frecuentemente. El presente estudio muestra la reducción alcanzada de la dureza del agua de riego de la empresa Flores del Cotopaxi S.A., para lo cual se utilizó plantas acuáticas como lechuguín y lenteja de agua. Para determinar las características de la muestra de agua de riego proveniente de la cuenca de Río Blanco se analizó antes y después de ser sometidas a tratamiento los siguientes parámetros: pH, conductividad eléctrica, dureza total, nitratos, y sulfatos, de la misma manera se realizó un conteo de ufc/gramo de raíz de cada planta acuática. La investigación permitió concluir que el lechuguín es la planta acuática más idónea en la absorción de minerales, logrando una reducción de 218 a 154 mg CaCO3/l como parámetro de dureza, control de pH en condiciones neutras en un rango de 7.27-6.57, y disminución de la conductividad, nitritos y sulfatos, dado que sus raíces son más fuertes, y según las pruebas microbiológicas realizadas el contenido de microorganismos es mayor.
Frequency of metabolic syndrome among newly detected type 2 diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and high serum alanine aminotransferase levels
Authors: Rahman Md Mahbubur , Hasan Md Nayeemul , Rahim Muhammad Abdur , Chowdhury Tufayel Ahmed , Datta Indrajit Kumar
Published: February 2020

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease world-wide. It has strong association with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in newly detected T2DM patients having NAFLD with high serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 110 newly detected T2DM patients with high serum ALT level were evaluated. To find out the etiology of high serum ALT level, abdominal ultrasonography was done to detect NAFLD cases along with other relevant investigations. All NAFLD cases then underwent further evaluation for the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.

Results: Out of 110 study subjects, NAFLD was detected in 80 (72.7%) individuals. According to International Diabetic Federation (IDF) criteria, metabolic syndrome was detected in 56 (56/80, 70%) of NAFLD cases. Among the 56 patients with NAFLD, male were 24 (42.9%) and female were 32 (57.1%) and 14 (14/56, 25%) cases had all five components of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was found in all female NAFLD subjects (32, 100%). Mean age of patients with metabolic syndrome was 43.11±10.77 years and mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.87±3.72 kg/m2. Hypertension was found in 37.5% cases. High BMI (e”25 kg/m2) was found in 87.5% cases. Mild, moderate and severe fatty liver were found in 28.6%, 46.4% and 25% cases respectively. Dyslipidemia was found in all (56, 100%) NAFLD subjects with metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome had significant correlation with BMI (p 0.00), abdominal obesity (p 0.00) and serum triglyceride level (p 0.04).

Conclusion: Over two-thirds of T2DM patients having NAFLD had metabolic syndrome in this study.

Birdem Med J 2020; 10(1): 21-25
Histomorphologic spectrum of thyroid lesions in surgically treated thyroid specimens
Authors: Haque Wasim Selimul , Yasmin Shamoli , Islam SK Md Jaynul , Giti Susane
Published: February 2020

Background: Diseases involving thyroid gland are myriad- they span from functional to goiterous which again can be non-neoplastic or neoplastic. The pattern and prevalence of these disorders depend on various factors like age, sex, ethnicity and geographic location of residence. The aim of the present study was to determine the pattern of thyroid lesions in surgically resected thyroid specimens.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Department of Histopathology ofArmed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Dhaka, Bangladesh. All thyroidectomy specimens received in the Department of Histopathology over the period from 1st January 2018 to 30th June 2019 were included in the study. Data including age, sex and histopathological diagnosis were collected from the records and histopathology slides of all cases were reviewed to verify diagnosis. Data were then analyzed by standard statistical methods.

Results: A total of 377 specimens were collected, 301 specimens were from females and 76 from males (female to male ratio 4.01:1). The age ranged from 13 years to 82 years (mean 38.44±12.89 years). Nodular goiter (274, 72.62%) was the commonest thyroid lesion; other benign lesions included follicular adenoma (18) and Hashimoto thyroiditis (17). Overall malignancy was 18.03% (68). Papillary carcinoma (61, 89.70%) constituted majority of the malignant neoplasms. Other malignant neoplasms included follicular carcinoma (3 cases including 1 case of Hurthle cell carcinoma), anaplastic carcinoma (2) and medullary carcinoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma 1 each.

Conclusion: Our study revealed that the prevalent form of thyroid diseases is nodular goiter that mostly affects females. Papillary carcinoma is the commonest malignancy of thyroid gland which also predominantly affects females.

Birdem Med J 2020; 10(1): 54-59
Medical quiz: Single Best Answer Vol 10(1)
Authors: Ahmed Jamal Uddin
Published: February 2020

Abstract not available

Birdem Med J 2020; 10(1): 79
Intervention in Congenital and Structural Heart Diseases in Children
Authors: Hussain Mohd Zahid
Published: February 2020

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J Child Health 2019; VOL 43 (2) :72-73
Efficacy of Preoperative Intramuscular Testosterone Therapy for Micro-phallic Hypospadias
Authors: Ali Md Ayub , Palit Paritosh Kumar , Hasanuzzaman Md
Published: February 2020

Background: Surgical corrections of genital defects were formally proposed when the size of the penis is sufficient to permit easy surgical repair. In micro phallic hypospadias, temporary stimulation with testosterone either topical or parenteral to enlarge the penile size has been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative intramuscular testosterone therapy in micro phallic hypospadiac patients.

Methodology: This prospective interventional study was carried out in the division of pediatric surgery, Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital. A total of 70 boys having micro phallic hypospadias were included in the study from July 2014 to December 2017. All patients received 3 dose of IM testosterone (2mg/kg) at 1 month interval. Alteration of penile length, glans width and the adverse effects of testosterone therapy were recorded. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 22.

Results: The mean length of penis before treatment was 2.61±0.57 cm, and after intramuscular testosterone was 3.93±0.39 cm, which is statistically significant (p<0 .05).The mean glans width before treatment was 1.09±0.18 cm and after treatment was 1.62±0.11 cm (p < 0.05).Few adverse effect were noted.

Conclusion: Significant penile growth was observed with less adverse effects after using intramuscular testosterone. Hormone therapy preceding surgical correction of micro phallic hypospadias improves aesthetic and functional qualities of the penis.

Bangladesh J Child Health 2019; VOL 43 (2) :85-89
Predictors of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia of Neonate in a Neonatal and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Ghosh Uzzal Kumar , Hossain Mohammad Monir , Shirin Mahfuza , Hoque Md Shafiul , Sonia Sheikh Farjana , Islam Tithi
Published: February 2020

Background: Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is defined as nosocomial pneumonia develops 48 hours or more after initiation of mechanical ventilation. Hospital acquired infection (HAI) is the second most common infection for the pediatric population. VAP about 20% of all HAI among patients in NICU & PICU. Higher mortality and morbidity rate for mechanically ventilated pediatric patients with VAP compared to those without VAP. Few data & very few researches exist regarding VAP in pediatric patients to identify risk factors of VAP and that might be helpful for preventing VAP. This study was done to find out the predictors of VAP of neonate in Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Methodology: A prospective cohort study was carried out in NICU & PICU of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, Dhaka. Neonates those not had pneumonia; requiring mechanical ventilation at least 48 hours in the NICU or PICU were taken for this study. Then VAP patients were selected by radiographic changes after 48 hours of intubation. Portable chest x-ray was done after 48 hours and as required after initiation of ventilation. Then details history were taken and some relevant investigation were done.

Result: Majority (51.4%) of the neonates belonged to age group 0-10 days. Male female ratio was 2.8:1. More than half (51.4%) were of gestational age 34 to < 37 weeks. Sixty nine point four percent of the neonates had Weight < 2.5 kg. Transferred from other NICU or PICU was found in 34.7% , prolonged mechanical ventilation was found in 40.3%, reintubation were 36.1%, prior antibiotics use were 73.6%, nosocomial infection were 76.4%, oropharyngeal aspiration were 11.1% and those having VAP were 79.2%. Age group 11-20 days (RR=1.41; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.67), gestational age <37 weeks (RR=1.48; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.96), weight <2.5 kg (RR=2.24; 95% CI 1.20 to 4.18%), nosocomial infection (RR= 3.21; 95% CI 1.53 to 6.73%), transferred from other NICU & PICU (RR=1.47; 95% CI 1.21 to 1.79), Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation (RR=1.50; 95% CI 1.01 to 2.23%) and Reintubation (RR=1.48; 95% CI 1.21 to 1.81%) were found independent predictors for developing VAP. P value was found statistically significant (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Age group 11-20 days, gestational age <37 weeks, weight <2.5 kg, transferred from other NICU & PICU, prolonged mechanical ventilation, reintubation and nosocomial infection were regarded as predictors for VAP and those predictors were significantly associated with VAP.

Bangladesh J Child Health 2019; VOL 43 (2) :90-96
Ketotic Hypoglycemia in Children: A Review
Authors: Mridha Md Al Amin , Matin Abdul
Published: February 2020

Ketotic hypoglycemia is the most common form of childhood hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemic episodes typically occur during periods of intercurrent illness when food intake is limited. The term ketosis should not be confused with Ketoacidosis. Children with ketotic hypoglycemia have plasma alanine concentrations that are markedly reduced in the basal state after an overnight fast and decline even further with prolonged fasting. The classic history is of a child who has eaten poorly or misses an evening meal, is difficult to rouse from sleep the next morning, and displays neuroglycopenic symptoms that may range from lethargy to seizure. Hypoglycemic episodes are especially likely to occur during an illness, when food intake is limited. Clinical diagnosis is made by identification of ketones in plasma and urine, Whipple’s triad hypoglycemia, and exclusion of endocrine/metabolic disease. It is therefore essential that appropriate investigation is performed at the time of hypoglycemia to exclude other causes This condition usually presents between the ages of 18 months to 5 years and it commonly remits spontaneously by the age of 8 to 9 years.

Bangladesh J Child Health 2019; VOL 43 (2) :113-116
Psychiatric patients at general hospital emergency departments
Authors: Waheed Shafquat , Rabbani Md Golam , Mamun Abdullah Al , Nahar Jhunu Shamsun , Begum Khaleda , Bashar Mohammad Khairul , Rony Abul Fazal Mohammad Riaz
Published: February 2020

A cross-sectional descriptive type of study on 357 patients was carried out in the emergency departments of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) and Shahid Sohrawardy Medical College (SSMCH), Dhaka in 2011 to find out the incidence and socio-demographic characteristics of psychiatric morbidities among the patients attended there. The patients were interviewed using GHQ-28 and SCID-I, All GHQ-28 screen positive and 25% of screen negative respondents (total 158) were assessed by SCID-I. Among them 42 (11.76% of all 357 cases) respondents were found with some form of psychiatric illness. Diagnosis of psychiatric illness was significantly higher in those scored 4 or more in GHQ-28. More psychiatric cases were found among 18-25 years age group (50%), male gender (54.76%), urban population (69.05%), Muslims (85.71%), being single (54.76%), patients with secondary level of education (45.24%), housewives (26.19%), members of nuclear families (78.57%), and members of lower-income group. Among these 42 psychiatric cases, 22 were assessed by a psychiatrist who was blind about GHQ-28 score and SCID-I diagnosis. Out of these psychiatrically ill 42 cases, Major Depressive Disorder was in 9 (2.52% of the total study population of 357), Conversion Disorder was in 8 (2.24%) and Anxiety Disorder was in 7 (1.96%) respondents. There were two cases of Bipolar I Disorder and a single case of extrapyramidal side effects (EPSEs) with schizophrenia. Psychiatric illnesses are important issues at the emergency departments which require special attention.

Bang J Psychiatry June 2017; 31(1): 7-14
Post harvest bacterial load in the gut of Ompok pabda (Hamilton, 1822) from two fish markets of Brahmanbaria
Authors: Akter Tanjila , Chowdhury Gawsia Wahidunnessa
Published: February 2020

This study was conducted to enumerate the post harvest bacterial load in the gut of captured and cultured Ompok pabda by spread plate method using different selective culture media. The bateriological parameters, such as total viable bacterial counts (TVBC), total coliform counts (TCC), total fecal coliform counts (E. coli), pathogenic bacteria Salmonella spp, Shigella spp. and Vibrio cholerae were determined. Highest bacterial load was found in the month of July and lowest in January. The quantitative and qualitative aspects of gut microbes showed that TVBC of captured O. pabda were found 9.2 × 106, 7.0 × 107, 9.5 × 106 cfu/g and that of cultured fish were 1.56 × 107, 7.2 × 107 and 2.24 × 107 cfu/g during pre-monsoon, monsooon and post-monsoon, respectively. The bacteriological quality of fish from both captured and cultured sources did not comply with ICMSF standard. Pathogenic bacteria E. coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and Vibrio cholerae were also detected from both captured and cultured O. pabda. The findings of this study indicated that the fish collected from the local fish markets were contaminated with different pathogenic bacteria that reflect the unhygienic conditions of the markets.

Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(2): 243-251, 2019
Distribution and diversity of mollusca at migratory bird visiting and non-visiting lakes of Jahngirnagar University, Savar
Authors: Sharmin Shakila , Rahman Syed Hafizur , Naser Md Niamul
Published: February 2020

This study was conducted to compare mollusc diversity in migratory bird visiting and non-visiting lakes of Jahangirnagar University campus, Savar, Bangladesh from July, 2016 to June, 2017. A total of 13 species belonging to 6 families under 2 classes of Mollusca were encountered. The class Gastropoda dominated the faunal composition (91%) with 11 species under 5 families and the class Bivalvia constituting (9%) with 2 species under single family. Among them Bellamya bengalensis, Lymnaea accuminata, Indoplnorbis exeutus, Gyraulus convexiusculus, Melanoides tuberculata and Lamellidens marginalis were the most dominating taxa. The highest number of molluscan taxa was from the family Viviparidae (3 spp.) 29% followed by Planorbidae (2 spp.) 27%, Lymnaedae (3 spp.) 23%, Unionidae (2 spp.) 9%, Thiaridae (1 sp.) 8% and lowest from Piladae (2 spp.) 4%. Seasonal variation showed maximum density in the summer and minimum in the monsoon. Correlation (p> 0.05) indicate that B. bengalensis, L. accuminata, I. exustus, L. marginalis had close dependency to soil pH, soil organic Carbon, Soil organic matter and sand particle whereas M. tuberculata and G. convexiusculus show significant positive correlation with silt and clay particle. Biodiversity indices indicating low species diversity and richness of molluscs in both migratory bird visiting and non-visiting lakes. These findings emphasized the importance of protection and management of molluscs fauna in the lakes for supporting the food for the migratory birds.

Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(2): 355-366, 2019
Pattern of road tra!c injuries and disability burden among accident victims
Authors: Mostary Kazi Fardana , Halim Kazi Shafiqul , Rahman Mohammad Mohibur , Islam Md Safikul , Muna Atiya Tasnim , Khan Bushra E Zannat
Published: February 2020

Worldwide road traffic injuries cause more than 1.2 million deaths every year and alarming rise has been observed in road accidents in Bangladesh over the past few years. A cross- sectional study was carried out from January to December 2017 to determine the pattern of road traffic injuries with disability burden among accident victims. 190 respondents were selected from Center for the rehabilitation of the paralyzed (CRP) at Savar and Mirpur in Dhaka by purposive sampling. Data was collected by face to face interview by using semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire. A large number of accident victims in this study were male (79.5%), Muslim (93.2%), married (85.3%) with middle age group (35.8%). Most of the accident victims came from rural area (62.6%) and place of most accident occurred in subway (73.1%). Highest number of accident occurred by motorized two wheels (47.3%). Fracture (48.9%) were most common types of injury among accident victims and affected part were most commonly the extremities (32.9%) and injury category were maximum injury (38.9%). Years of life lived with disability was highest in spinal cord injury (172.36). Among those who were in middle age group, suffered longer than other injury with years of life lived with disability. It found people who were injured from motorized two wheels had suffered longer years lived with disabilities of life than other types of vehicle injury(82.02).The result indicates the pattern of injuries and accident victims who were lived with disability for long time.

Bangladesh Med J. 2018 Jan; 47 (1): 28-32
Retinopathy of prematurity campaign in Bangladesh: Experience and lessons learnt
Authors: Rani Padmaja Kumari , Padhi Tapas Ranjan , Choudhury Nuzhat , Ali Tariq Reza , Jalali Subhadra , S Laxmi Prabhathi
Published: February 2020

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a potentially avoidable cause of irreversible blindness or severe visual impairment in many infants born premature. The global incidence of premature birth has been reported to be 11.1 per 100 livebirths in 2010. The present communication share the experience and lessons learnt during a Neonatologist-Ophthalmologist Retinopathy of Prematurity (NO-ROP) campaign and ROP situation analysis in Bangladesh. A weeklong workshop was organised in May 2016 in Dhaka for the paediatricians and ophthalmologists of the country involved in ROP care. This included a programme to train the attendees on basic to advanced ROP care. Finally, a half day session was organised for the government stakeholders, non government organisations, obstetricians, neonatal and child health care providers and ophthalmologists to assess the level of awareness, the gaps and any obstacles for an effective ROP care in the country. Besides, two neonatal units were visited to assess the ROP situation at district levels in Bangladesh. The observations were documented and recommendations suggested. The awareness and resource availability for ROP care was disproportionately less compared to the demand even in Dhaka. At the district levels, the ROP care mostly did not exist. However, the eagerness to help, support and bridge the gaps was tremendous both among the government and non government organisations. There is an urgent need to strengthen and expand the existing ROP services in Dhaka as well as at the district levels. The observations made and lessons learnt could go a long way in combating ROP blindness in Bangladesh and in other developing countries.

Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2019; 45: 122-125
Role of Prophylactic Antibiotics in Open Mesh Inguinal Hernia Repair
Authors: Siddiqui Md Ataur Rahman , Aleem Mohammad Abdul , Rahman Md Shahinur , Zafreen Farzana
Published: February 2020

Introduction: The role of prophylactic antibiotics in open mesh repair of inguinal hernia is still controversial. The dogmatic hernia specialists are always in favour of no use of antibiotic in case of inguinal hernia repair on contrary, many others favour the use of prophylactic antibiotic.

Objective: To determine the role of prophylactic antibiotic in case of open mesh inguinal hernia surgery by a prospective randomized study.

Materials and Methods: This prospective randomized interventional and observational study was conducted from March to December 2017 at Combined Military Hospital, Chattogram. Total 40 patients selected for open inguinal hernia surgery were grouped as Group-A and Group-B containing 20 in each group on the basis of systematic random sampling. The Group-A and Group-B patients were treated with a single dose of prophylactic antibiotic (1.5gm Cefuroxime) and a similar quantity of normal saline respectively. Data were recorded, compiled, edited and analyzed by SPSS version 23.

Results: The mean age of Group-A and B respondents were 53.16±7.76 and 52.39±5.69 years respectively. Mean duration of surgery was 59.76±2.1 and 54.56±18.3 minutes in Group-A and B respectively. Surgical site infection (SSI) was present in 2(10%) cases of Group-A and 5(25%) of Group-B. Though it was little higher in Group-B, the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Staphylococcus was most prevalent in Group-A and multiple organisms in Group-B.

Conclusion: Prophylactic antibiotic is not able to significantly decrease the rate of SSI.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(2) 2017: 18-21
IDENTIFICATION OF STUDENTS KNOWLEDGE ON LOCAL GAMES AS A BASIS TO DEVELOP ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SCIENCE TEXTBOOK
Authors: Riyanto Riyanto , Aryulina Diyah , Suwarsono Suwarsono
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify student knowledge on local games as a basis to develop science elementary school science textbook containing life skills and local games. Descriptive method with questionnaire as an instrument was used to conduct the study on 2160 elementary school students in Bengkulu Province. The results of the study showed that students’ knowledge related to local games was generally categorized as fair. Student knowledge related to knowledge on traditional games was quite various. Based on the study, the local games to be included in the development of elementary school science textbook were reviewed again. Local games known by most students are used as a basis to begin each chapter or subchapter of the textbook, whereas learning sources known by more than 80% students were implemented as chapter themes.
UTILIZATION OF EDMODO AS PART OF OPTIMIZATION LEARNING IN NETWORK
Authors: Turmini Turmini , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Fitria Happy
Published: February 2020

Edmodo is a form of learning application used by academics in order to carry out online learning. This research was conducted with the aim of informing more widely about Edmodo and describing how to use it to be able to optimize online learning. The research method used is a qualitative research method with a type of literature study. The results of the research conducted are that Edmodo has provided complete facilities in the context of implementing virtual learning. Intended as virtual learning because the learning process is carried out in the network. Educators (teachers / lecturers) have breadth in the implementation of classroom management because students can be made classes as classes in conventional learning. Educators can optimize the dissemination of information as well as in applications that have provided many features to make tests with various types of tests offered, educators can also provide assignments with predetermined collection times so as to optimize classroom management, educators can provide a direct assessment of the assignments students, giving awards with various types of awards. The advantage of using Edmodo is that there is no limit on space and time in learning because at any time it can take part in learning, it does not depend on the presence of educators in front of the class because wherever educators can still provide optimal learning.
Clinical Comparison of Transoral Removal with Sublingual Gland Preservation versus without Sublingual Gland Preservation versus Submandibular Gland Resection for Proximal Duct Stone of Submandibular Gland: Prospective Study
Authors: Kim Geonwoo , Sung Jaemoon , Jung Hwikyeong , Kim Jaesoon , Park Minwoo , Kwon Keehwan
Published: February 2020

Background and Objectives Proximal submandibular stone is not a rare disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate the surgical outcomes of 3 different ways to treat proximal submandibular stone: intraoral removal of stone (IORS) with sublingual gland (SLG) resection, IORS without SLG resection and submandibular gland (SMG) resection.Subjects and Method We prospectively reviewed the surgical outcomes of IORS with SLG resection group (22 patients), IORS without SLG resection group (35 patients) and SMG resection group (22 patients). To evaluate the surgical outcomes, we analyzed the location and size of stones, mean operation time, mean hospital stay, mean postoperative degree of pain based on a visual analog scale (0–10), and incidence of complications.Results There were no significant differences between the mean diameter of stones and length from the hilum to stones. The mean operation time was shorter in the IORS without SLG resection group than that in IORS without SLG resection group, and was significantly shorter than that of the SMG resection group. The mean hospital stay of the IORS without SLG resection group was also shorter than that of IORS with SLG resection group, and was significantly shorter than the SMG resection group. IORS without SLG resection group felt less pain than IORS with SLG resection group and SMG resection group. Four patients who underwent IORS without SLG resection experienced transient and mild SMG swelling, and mild paresthesia was noted on the same side. All patients recovered within 3 months. Intraoral removal of proximal SMG stones exhibited several advantages over SMG resection in terms of hospital stay, mean operation, time and postoperative pain.Conclusion Based on our results, we suggest that IORS without SLG resection be selected as the primary procedure for the removal of proximal submandibular stones rather than SMG resection.
Tolerance in Preterm Infants Fed Exclusively with Human Milk. Prospective Analytic Study
Authors: Anna Quitadamo Pasqua , Cisternino Chiara , Parente Carmela , Lurdo Paola , Copetti Massimiliano , Palumbo Giuseppina , Assunta Gentile Maria , Cristalli Pierpaolo
Published: February 2020

Human milk is the best feeding for premature infants. When Own Mother’s Milk (OMM) is insufficient or unavailable, the alternative is represented by the Donor Milk (DM). OMM and DM must be fortified to support the adequate growth.
Objectives: Evaluation of the food tolerance on preterm fed exclusively with fortified Human Milk (HM).
Materials and Methods: This prospective analysis has been performed on a sample of 48 preterm with GA ≤ 32 weeks. Gastric Residual (GR), Vomiting (V) and Feeding Suspension (FS) are the parameters performed. We identified two categories (OMM/DM) and 4 groups: newborns fed exclusively with OMM (EOMM), with prevalent OMM (POMM), with exclusively DM (EDM) and with prevalent DM (PDM).
Results: The overall incidence of GRs was 18%, the incidence of bilious residuals was 4%, the incidence of Vs was 4.5%, there was no indication of blood in the stool, the total percentage of days of FS was 12.7%. There was no statistical correlation between the incidence of GR, V, FS in the two categories (OMM/DM). The relationship between the kind of feeding and the GA or the BW was not statistically significant.
Conclusions: The study highlights the irreplaceability of the OMM in feeding the preterm and that the DM is a valid substitute of OMM.
GO/rGO as Reinforcing Nanofiller in Carbon Fiber/Epoxy
Resin Composite Systems
Authors: Sanjuan Gomez Gemma , J Lis Manuel , Li Jiahui , Coldea Paul , De Prada Cristian Lopez , Fernandez Vela Jorge , Ruffini Fores Guido
Published: February 2020

Interfacial interactions between matrix and reinforcement of composites influences greatly in final properties of the material. Carbon Fibers are
characterized for to have low interactions with resins when forming a composite material. In the present study, 0.3 wt% of GO/rGO were
incorporated in three systems of epoxy resin/carbon fiber as reinforcing fillers, trying to profit the chemical affinity between aromatics structures
of GO/rGO and polar interactions with epoxy resin. GO/rGO were characterized by XPS, TGA was performed on carbon fiber, epoxy resins and
composites obtained and SEM was utilized to observe composite samples in detail once mechanical tests were conducted. Composites
experienced noticeable enhancements by employing Bisphenol Epoxy (BP) cured with methyl cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride
(MCHDA) as matrix and carbon fiber of 300 g/cm2
as reinforcement; Youngs modulus, rupture stress and elongation to fail- ure increased almost
twofold compared to non-modified composites by adding GO in the system and even superior boosts can be appreciated with rGO, which
additionally improves the flexural stress from 14.6 to 30.1 GPa
Can Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles be
Efficient all Year Long?
Authors: dos Santos Mayara Santana , Leitão dos Santos Otávio Augusto , Filho Sérgio Antunes , Santos Santana Julia Corrêa dos , de Souza Felipe Motta , Pizzorno Backx Bianca
Published: February 2020

In recent years, the search for inexpensive and eco-friendly synthesis
routes has increased significantly. Nanotechnology and biotechnology
have established themselves as a major ally in building green
technologies for effective, stable, and non-toxic nanomaterial
synthesis. [1-3]. Thus, the principles of green bio nanotechnology are
associated with waste prevention, maximizing atom economy, and less
use of precursors with less hazardous synthesis routes and the use of
safe chemicals with low toxicity. Reaction conditions are also
advantageous due to safe methodologies and increased energy
efficiency.
Treatment Adherence Levels and Factors Affecting Adherence in Patients Receiving Osteoporosis Treatment
Authors: PAŞALI KİLİT Türkan , ONBAŞI Kevser , ÖZYİĞİT Filiz
Published: February 2020

Objective: Treatment adherence is regarded as an important factor in achieving optimal outcomes across many disease states. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adherence of osteoporosis patients and determinate the factors affecting adherence.Methods: A total number of 150 patients with osteoporosis were included in the study. Demographic data, anthropometric measurements and laboratory results of the patients were recorded. In addition, the survey questions including patients' marital status, education levels, income status, smoking and alcohol consumption habits, exercise levels, dietary habits, fracture histories, menopausal ages, treatments they received, medication side effects and treatment adherences were asked by a face-to-face interview method.Results: The mean age of the 150 patients included in the study was 65.6±9.8 years. Ninety-four percent of the patients were female. Patients who received osteoporosis treatment with oral agents had poorer adherence to treatment than patients receiving subcutaneous or intravenous agents (p=0.003). Other factors had no effect on adherence.Conclusion: Treatment adherence, which is one of the concepts related to the principles of rational drug use, is an important part of treatment success. The choice of agents administered subcutaneously or intravenously in the treatment of osteoporosis will result in better adherence with treatment than oral agents.
Localizing Epileptic Focus with Interictal Scalp EEG in Patients with Focal Cortical Dysplasia
Authors: BİLGİN TOPÇUOĞLU Özgür , MİDİ İpek
Published: February 2020

Objective: To assess the localizing value of interictal scalp EEG in epileptic focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) patients.Methods: A retrospective observational study of EEG records of epileptic patients seen at the Marmara University Hospital was performed. EEG and MRI findings were evaluated to detect a possible correlation. Results: EEG findings were consistent with MRI findings in 6 patients (37.5%).Conclusion: EEG findings were irrelevant in 62.5% (n:10) of patients. Additional imaging techniques such as ictal SPECT, MEG etc. will clearly augment the success of lesion localisation in FCD patients.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Soft Tissue Calcifications in Cbct Images of Mandibular Region
Authors: KURŞUN ÇAKMAK Emine Şebnem , BAYRAK Seval , ATAKAN Cemal
Published: February 2020

Objectives:
The goal of the study is to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of soft
tissue calcifications (STCs) detected in the mandibular region in CBCT images.

Methods:
242 (150 female, 92 male) mandibula CBCT images were evaluated in this study.
Prevalence, anatomical location, pattern (bilateral or unilateral), size
(mm),  number (single or multiple), age
(<35, 35-50, >50) and gender tendency were recorded. Images were
evaluated in the axial, coronal and 3D reformated images. The Chi-square test
was used to test for differences of the STC groups and the percentage
values. 

Results: 88 patients (36.4%) had at least one STC in
the mandibular region. The mean age of the patients with STC was 58.3±11.06
years. No gender predilection was stated in terms of the presence of STC. STC
was higher in patients over 50 years than the other age groups (p=0.00). Most
of the STCs were unilateral, above 3mm in size, single and located in the
lingual aspect of the mandible.

Conclusion:
It is of vital importance for clinicians to know
characteristics of STCs and to detect STCs in early stages especially those
concerning systemic conditions and to prevent life-threatening consequences.
The Effects of Dressing up Preterm Infants After Tub Bathing on Moisture Loss: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: KAN ÖNTÜRK Zehra , GÖZEN Duygu
Published: February 2020

Objective: The skin of the preterm newborn plays an important role in adapting the newborn to the environment after birth. This was designed as a randomised controlled experimental trial in order to determine the effect of dressing after tub bathing on loss of skin moisture in healthy preterm infants.Methods: The population of the study consisted of the infants who were born between 33,0-36,6 weeks of gestation. Skin moisture (forehead, abdomen, back, arm, leg) and body temperature measurements of the infants before bathing, immediately after bathing, and 10, 20, 30, and 60th minutes after bathing were assessed.  Results: It was determined that while the moisture was kept and increased in the experimental group, moisture loss occurred in the control group. The infants in both groups had heat loss after the bathing. Conclusion: It was determined that the skin moisture and body temperature of the experimental group infants were affected positively.
Boundary-Spanning Search for Knowledge, Knowledge Reconstruction and the Sustainable Innovation Ability of Agricultural Enterprises: A Chinese Perspective
Authors: Duan Kaifeng , Zhang Changcheng , Li Junqiang , Zhang Rui , Zhang Yanwei
Published: February 2020

Boundary-spanning search for knowledge is an effective way for enterprises to acquire heterogeneous knowledge, and is also an important pre-stage to realize effective knowledge reconstruction. Based on the boundary-spanning search for knowledge theory, this paper studies the relationship between boundary-spanning search for knowledge and the sustainable innovation ability of agricultural enterprises considering the influence of organizational knowledge reconstruction, from a Chinese perspective. A questionnaire survey on agricultural enterprises mainly from Southeast China is conducted, and the hierarchical regression analysis method is utilized to verify five research hypotheses. The results mainly show that (1) boundary-spanning search for technology knowledge (BSSTK) and boundary-spanning search for market knowledge (BSSMK) both have a significant positive impact on the sustainable innovation ability of an agricultural enterprise; (2) organizational knowledge reconstruction plays a partial intermediary role between boundary-spanning search for knowledge (including BSSTK and BSSMK) and the sustainable innovation ability of an agricultural enterprise. From the perspective of boundary-spanning search for knowledge, this paper provides theoretical support for the promotion of sustainable innovation of an agricultural enterprise, which contributes to improving the economic sustainability of agriculture to some extent.