bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Da teorização sobre o ensino-aprendizagem à prática da educação permanente em enfermagem e sua contribuição para a autoeficácia
Authors: Pisciottani Fabiana , Costa Márcia Rosa , Figueiredo Ana Elizabeth , Magalhães Cleidilene Ramos
Published: May 2019

O objetivo desse estudo foi conhecer e problematizar as teorias explicativas sobre o processo de aprender, com foco no uso de uma metodologia de ensino baseada na aprendizagem experiencial, denominada simulação in situ, e a relação do resultado dessa experiência com o nível de confiança de profissionais de enfermagem para executar ressuscitação cardiopulmonar. Foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória de abordagem quantitativa, onde os participantes foram divididos em 3 grupos com periodicidades de intervenção diferentes. Por meio de um questionário baseado em uma escala do tipo Likert em nível de concordância, investigou-se a percepção dos participantes em relação às suas competências no atendimento à parada cardiorrespiratória antes e após participar de cada simulação in situ. Evidenciou-se médias de autoconfiança dos profissionais mais elevadas na avaliação Pós simulação, em comparação com a Pré simulação na maioria dos grupos. Verificou-se que o fato de uma metodologia de aprendizagem promover a prática dentro do contexto de trabalho do profissional, e fornecer feedback imediato de seu desempenho, pode melhorar a confiança do profissional, e quando causa desconforto por um desempenho ineficaz, promove a reflexão e gera motivação para melhorias futuras. O uso da simulação in situ, na educação permanente de profissionais de enfermagem mostrou-se potencializadora de aprendizagem experiencial, onde, a partir da experimentação de uma situação em um contexto real do serviço, pode-se observar o aumento da autoeficácia dos aprendizes.
Apolipoproteina “E”, saúde e os riscos para o acidente vascular cerebral nas comunidades contemporâneas
Authors: Freitas Nei Adão Ribeiro de , Agnoll Simone Mader Dall’ , Volochati Elis Camila , Jesus Fábio José de , Gonzaga Carlos Alberto Marçal , Mascarenhas Luis Paulo Gomes
Published: May 2019

Este trabalho apresenta uma análise realizada na literatura acerca das Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNTs) e visa analisar o risco da Apolipoproteína “E” (ApoE) e o Acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) na comunidade contemporânea. Tem seu objetivo analisar a relação entre polimorfismo da ApoE e AVC fundado na análise do risco entre o polimorfismo genético da ApoE e o AVC. Este estudo é do tipo descritivo, exploratório e com abordagem qualitativa. Conclui-se que vários autores em seu estudo relatam o risco aumentado de AVC com a ApoE e seus alelos.
PRAKTIK PENCEGAHAN KEHAMILAN TIDAK DIINGINKAN PADA REMAJA
Authors: Panjaitan Arip Ambulan
Published: May 2019

Pada tahun 2010 kehamilan remaja di Indonesia menunjukkan hamil di luar nikah di luar nikah karena diperkosa 3,2%, karena sama-sama menginginkan sebanyak 12,9%, dan tidak terduga sebanyak 45% dan seks bebas mencapai 22,6%. Angka kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan (KTD) di Kalimantan Barat mencapai 24,9%. Artinya di setiap 1.000 kelahiran, terdapat 24,9% KTD di usia 15-19 tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan sikap terhadap kehamilan di Luar nikah pada remaja di SMA Adisucipto Kubu Raya tahun 2018. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional, penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Adisucipto, dengan sampel 96 orang yang telah memenuhi kriteria, untuk analisis data menggunakan uji Chi Square. Hasil perhitungan didapatkan pengetahuan kehamilan di luar nikah yaitu sebagian besar responden yaitu 73 responden (76%) memiliki pengetahuan yang kurang dan untuk kategori sikap didapatkan hasil sebagian besar responden yaitu 61 responden (63,5%) tidak mendukung. Dan hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa responden yang memiliki pengetahuan kurang dengan kategori tidak mendukung 47 orang (49%), sedangkan responden yang memiliki pengetahuan kurang dengan kategori sikap mendukung sebanyak 26 orang (27%). Adapun responden yang memiliki  pengetahuan cukup dengan kategori sikap tidak mendukung sebanyak 14 orang (15%), sedangkan responden yang memiliki pengetahuan cukup dengan kategori mendukung 9 orang (9%). Hasil perhitungan X2 hitung 0,594 sedangkan angka pada tabel Chi Kuadrat tahap signifikan 5% db = 1 adalah 3,841. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah tidak  ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan sikap terhadap kehamilan di luar nikah pada remaja di SMA Adisucipto tahun 2018. Saran untuk  SMA Adisucipto semoga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan masukan bagi pihak sekolah dengan diadakan penyuluhan kesehatan dari tenaga kesehatan mengenai kesehatan reproduksi untuk siswa-siswi agar terhindar dari kehamilan di luar nikah.
Верховенство права, конвенційні гарантії справедливого суду та принципи адміністративного судочинства
Authors: ПИСАРЕНКО НАДІЯ
Published: May 2019

Досліджено зміст елементів верховенства права, визначених як обов’язкові Європейською комісією за демократію через право (Венеційська комісія) у Допо віді, датованій березнем 2011 р.
Метою статті є з’ясування того, чи знайшли своє закріплення зазначені елементи в тексті Кодексу адміністративного судочинства України (КАС України). Зроблено висновок, що ст. 6 “Верховенство права” вміщує інформацію щодо двох із шести обов’язкових елементів. З огляду на цей висновок запропоновано викласти відповідні норми КАС України так, щоб вони були практично застосовними; їх приписи давали можливість наповнити сполучення слів “верховенство права” конкретним змістом, зрозумілим як представникам судової влади, так і приватним особам, які вимушені звертатися за захистом своїх прав. Представлено “звучання” обов’язкових елементів верховенства права, яке виглядає підхожим для діяльності зі здійснення правосуддя. Так, судова діяльність ґрунтуватиметься на ідеї верховенства права, якщо: 1) правосуддя буде доступним, а суд незалежним і безстороннім; 2) суд неухильно дотримуватиметься законів, діятиме виключно у межах своїх повноважень; 3) прийматиме розумні, справедливі, обґрунтовані та позбавлені будь-яких ознак тиранії рішення; 4) при розгляді справи суд застосовуватиме закон однаково для всіх; 5) суд тлумачитиме закон у спосіб, що забезпечує пріоритет прав людини; 6) остаточні рішення суду не будуть піддаватися сумніву, вони мають неухильно виконуватися, зокрема й через залучення дієвих механізмів, що спонукатимуть до їх виконання.
Забезпечити дотримання наведених елементів верховенства права у судовій діяльності можна шляхом викладення у процесуальному законі правил про принципи судочинства, які розкриватимуть змістове наповнення кожного з цих еле-ментів. Такі правила матимуть виконуваний та лаконічний вигляд, якщо їхні тексти включатимуть інформацію про конвенційні вимоги справедливого суду, описані з огляду на їхнє тлумачення Європейським судом з прав людини. Інакше кажучи, запровадження обов’язкових елементів верховенства права гарантовано у судочинстві через вимоги ст. 6 Конвенції про захист прав людини і основоположних свобод 1950 р., які мають знайти своє відображення у його (судочинства) принципах.
Враховуючи викладене, представлено оновлений перелік принципів адміністративного судочинства. Деяким із них надано характеристику, на основі якої сформовано правила, які пропонуються для закріплення у національному адміністративному процесуальному законі.
Imnuno-Oncología: Recuento Histórico y Fundamentos Básicos.
Authors: Guerra Cevallos Verónica , Núñez-González Solange , Ochoa Estefanía , Félix Camilo , Simancas Racines Daniel
Published: May 2019

El sistema inmune cumple un rol fundamental en la defensa contra microorganismos y células anómalas. Históricamente, el concepto de vigilancia inmunológica se fundamenta en el control de múltiples funciones incluyendo la regulación de células cancerígenas a través de diversos mecanismos, en los cuales están involucrados: células, moléculas y tejidos del sistema inmune. El objetivo de analizar la respuesta inmune frente al cáncer, es entender los mecanismos de presentación del antígeno y los mecanismos desencadenados por el sistema adaptativo e innato que participan en la destrucción del tumor a expensas de un proceso inflamatorio agudo que podría llevar al control o destrucción del cáncer. La propuesta de esta revisión es resumir y esquematizar los aspectos cardinales de los diferentes procesos inmunológicos que participan en la fisiopatología de las enfermedades malignas, así como los mecanismos que emplea el sistema inmune para la defensa del cáncer.
Estudio de Pertinencia de los Cuidados Paliativos en Ecuador.
Authors: Vallejo Martínez Mariana , Lino Nancy , Quinto Rina
Published: May 2019

Introducción: El objetivo del presente escrito es proporcionar una guía de análisis de la pertinencia en los cuidados paliativos como una necesidad imperiosa, se analiza la tasa de mortalidad con la relación de la necesidad de este servicio en la provincia del Guayas.

Métodos: El presente estudio descriptivo cuali y cuantitativo; se consultó el archivo estadístico del Instituto Oncológico Nacional “Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo” Solca-Guayaquil y el INEC. Se consultó la incidencia de cáncer del período 2008–2012 de las ciudades de Guayaquil, Quito, Cuenca, Loja y provincia de Manabí. Se utilizó un estudio de mercado en 100 usuarios del área médica para la implementación de la especialidad en cuidados paliativos, diseñada por la Asociación Latinoamericana de Cuidados Paliativos (ALCP).

Resultados: en Guayaquil la tasa de incidencia de cáncer en hombres es de 142.1 y mujeres 165.5, mientras que en Quito en hombres es 228.1 por cada 100 mil habitantes, y 230.1 en mujeres por cada 100 mil habitantes. La tasa de crecimiento por cáncer es del 4 % anual. En la encuesta 100 trabajadores de la salud, 100 % consideró muy necesaria la especialidad de cuidados paliativos, el 93 % desconoce si se oferta la especialidad, 100 % respondió que las universidades deberían ofertar esta especialidad, de los 9 temas que se deben abordar en la especialidad de cuidados paliativos, el tratamiento del dolor tema fue considerado el más relevante por el 100 % de los encuestados. La Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil fue elegida por el 86 % de los encuestados y el centro escogido para el desarrollo de la especialización fue Solca, en el 100 % de los encuestados.

Conclusión: Se infiere que es sumamente importante contar con programas de posgrado para iniciar la formación de especialistas en Cuidados Paliativos debido a que es un personal profesional estratégico, para elevar los estándares de calidad de vida de la población. Ecuador no registra atención profesional paliativista y las Facultades de Ciencias Médicas en Ecuador no registran programas académicos.
Wild Vigna Legumes: Farmers’ Perceptions, Preferences, and Prospective Uses for Human Exploitation
Authors: Harouna Difo Voukang , Venkataramana Pavithravani B. , Matemu Athanasia O. , Ndakidemi Patrick Alois
Published: May 2019

The insufficient food supply due to low agricultural productivity and quality standards is one of the major modern challenges of global agricultural food production. Advances in conventional breeding and crop domestication have begun to mitigate this issue by increasing varieties and generation of stress-resistant traits. Yet, very few species of legumes have been domesticated and perceived as usable food/feed material, while various wild species remain unknown and underexploited despite the critical global food demand. Besides the existence of a few domesticated species, there is a bottleneck challenge of product acceptability by both farmers and consumers. Therefore, this paper explores farmers’ perceptions, preferences, and the possible utilization of some wild Vigna species of legumes toward their domestication and exploitation. Quantitative and qualitative surveys were conducted in a mid-altitude agro-ecological zone (Arusha region) and a high altitude agro-ecological zone (Kilimanjaro region) in Tanzania to obtain the opinions of 150 farmers regarding wild legumes and their uses. The study showed that very few farmers in the Arusha (28%) and Kilimanjaro (26%) regions were aware of wild legumes and their uses. The study further revealed through binary logistic regression analysis that the prior knowledge of wild legumes depended mainly on farmers’ location and not on their gender, age groups, education level, or farming experience. From the experimental plot with 160 accessions of wild Vigna legumes planted and grown up to near complete maturity, 74 accessions of wild Vigna legumes attracted the interest of farmers who proposed various uses for each wild accession. A Χ2 test (likelihood ratio test) revealed that the selection of preferred accessions depended on the farmers’ gender, location, and farming experience. Based on their morphological characteristics (leaves, pods, seeds, and general appearance), farmers perceived wild Vigna legumes as potentially useful resources that need the attention of researchers. Specifically, wild Vigna legumes were perceived as human food, animal feed, medicinal plants, soil enrichment material, and soil erosion-preventing materials. Therefore, it is necessary for the scientific community to consider these lines of farmers’ suggestions before carrying out further research on agronomic and nutritional characteristics toward the domestication of these alien species for human exploitation and decision settings.
Intestinal Morphology in Broiler Chickens Supplemented with Propolis and Bee Pollen
Authors: Prakatur Ivana , Miskulin Maja , Pavic Mirela , Marjanovic Ksenija , Blazicevic Valerija , Miskulin Ivan , Domacinovic Matija
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of dietary supplementation with propolis and bee pollen on the intestinal morphology and absorptive surface areas of chickens. Two hundred day-old Ross 308 chickens (100 male and 100 female) were equally allocated into five groups. Throughout the whole study, the control group of chickens was fed with a basal diet, while the experimental groups of chickens were fed with the same diet supplemented with propolis and bee pollen: P1 = 0.25 g of propolis/kg + 20 g of bee pollen/kg; P2 = 0.5 g of propolis/kg; P3 = 1.0 g of propolis/kg; P4 = 20 g of bee pollen/kg. The duodenal villi of chickens from all experimental groups were significantly higher and wider (p < 0.001), while their duodenal villi crypts were significantly deeper (p < 0.001) in comparison with these parameters in chickens from the control group. The villus height to crypt depth ratio, as well as the absorptive surface areas of broiler chickens, were significantly increased (p < 0.001) in experimental groups of chickens in comparison with the control group. These findings suggest that dietary supplementation with propolis and bee pollen has a beneficial effect on broilers chickens’ intestinal morphophysiology.
Amino Acids Influencing Intestinal Development and Health of the Piglets
Authors: Mou Qi , Yang Huan-Sheng , Yin Yu-Long , Huang Peng-Fei
Published: May 2019

The amino acids and other components of diet provide nourishment for piglet intestinal development and maturation. However, early-weaned piglets struggle with tremendous stress, impairing normal intestinal health and leading to intestinal dysfunction and even death. The high prevalence worldwide of post-weaning diarrhoea syndrome (PWDS) in piglets has led to much interest in understanding the important role of nutrients in the establishment and maintenance of a functional intestinal tract. In particular, the impacts of amino acids on these functions must be considered. Amino acid levels greatly influence intestinal development in weaning piglets. The lack of amino acids can cause marked structural and functional changes in the intestine. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the functions of amino acids is necessary to optimize amino acid requirements of the developing intestinal tract to maximize piglet health and growth performance. This review summarizes the role of specific amino acids (arginine, glutamate, threonine, sulphur-containing amino acids (SCAAs), and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)) that have been proven to be beneficial for the intestinal health of weaned piglets.
DFT Characteristics of Charge Transport in DBTP-Based Hole Transport Materials
Authors: Qiu Ming , Pei Weiwei , Lu Qiuchen , Li Zhuo , Li Yuanzuo , Liang Jianping
Published: May 2019

To improve the hole-transport ability and photoelectric properties of perovskite solar cells, the ground-state geometry, frontier molecular orbital, and mobility of two organic molecules were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) with the Marcus hopping model. The absorption spectra were calculated using time-dependent DFT. The result indicated that the increase in the conjugated chain and change in the substituted group location from meta to para cause low mobility, which has a negative effect on the hole-transporting ability.
Digitally Chirped Multilayer Quantum Dot Lasers with Dual-Wavelength Lasing Emissions
Authors: Sun Yi-Jan , Hsieh Pin-Hsien , Lin Gray
Published: May 2019

The dual-wavelength lasing emissions of digitally chirped multilayer quantum dot (QD) lasers are investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The two lasing wavelengths are both identified as ground-state (GS) emissions but originated from different stacks of QD multilayers. The lasing spectra exhibited broadening and splitting properties by injecting more current. Moreover, the wavelength-resolved light-current characteristics reveal that first GS lasing intensity upon the threshold of second GS transitions neither saturates nor droops with increasing injection current, but increases with slightly reduced slope efficiency. A theoretical model is developed for digitally chirped multilayer QD lasers. The simulation results qualitatively reproduce the experimental observations.
Effect of Plasma Treatment of Titanium Surface on Biocompatibility
Authors: Ujino Daiga , Nishizaki Hiroshi , Higuchi Shizuo , Komasa Satoshi , Okazaki Joji
Published: May 2019

It was recently reported that implant osseointegration is affected by surface wettability. The relationship between hydrophilicity and cell adhesion was corroborated by numerous in vivo studies. Concentrated alkali improves the biocompatibility of pure titanium. Research was conducted on the mechanism by which this treatment increases hydrophilicity. In the present study, we used atmospheric pressure plasma processing to enhance the hydrophilicity of the material surface. The aim was to assess its influences on the initial adhesion of the material to rat bone marrow and subsequent differentiation into hard tissue. Superhydrophilicity was induced on a pure titanium surface with a piezobrush, a simple, compact alternative to the conventional atmospheric pressure plasma device. No structural change was confirmed by Scanning electron microscope (SEM) or scanning probe microscopy (SPM) observation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis presented with hydroxide formation and a reduction in the C peak. A decrease in contact angle was also observed. The treated samples had higher values for in vitro bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption, rat bone marrow (RBM) cell initial adhesion, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) activity tests, and factors related to bone differentiation than the untreated control. The present study indicated that the induction of superhydrophilicity in titanium via atmospheric pressure plasma treatment with a piezobrush affects RBM cell adhesion and bone differentiation without altering surface properties.
In-Vivo and Ex-Vivo Tissue Analysis through Hyperspectral Imaging Techniques: Revealing the Invisible Features of Cancer
Authors: Halicek Martin , Fabelo Himar , Ortega Samuel , Callico Gustavo M. , Fei Baowei
Published: May 2019

In contrast to conventional optical imaging modalities, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is able to capture much more information from a certain scene, both within and beyond the visual spectral range (from 400 to 700 nm). This imaging modality is based on the principle that each material provides different responses to light reflection, absorption, and scattering across the electromagnetic spectrum. Due to these properties, it is possible to differentiate and identify the different materials/substances presented in a certain scene by their spectral signature. Over the last two decades, HSI has demonstrated potential to become a powerful tool to study and identify several diseases in the medical field, being a non-contact, non-ionizing, and a label-free imaging modality. In this review, the use of HSI as an imaging tool for the analysis and detection of cancer is presented. The basic concepts related to this technology are detailed. The most relevant, state-of-the-art studies that can be found in the literature using HSI for cancer analysis are presented and summarized, both in-vivo and ex-vivo. Lastly, we discuss the current limitations of this technology in the field of cancer detection, together with some insights into possible future steps in the improvement of this technology.
Erratum: Cuceu, C., et al. Independent Mechanisms Lead to Genomic Instability in Hodgkin Lymphoma: Microsatellite or Chromosomal Instability. Cancers 2018, 10, 233
Authors: Cuceu Corina , Colicchio Bruno , Jeandidier Eric , Junker Steffen , Plassa François , Shim Grace , Mika Justyna , Frenzel Monika , AL Jawhari Mustafa AL , Hempel William M. , Kabacik Sylwia , Lenain Aude , Morat Luc , Girinsky Theodore , Dieterlen Alain , Polanska Joanna , Badie Christophe , Carde Patrice , M'Kacher Radhia
Published: May 2019

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]
Multiscale and Innovative Kinetic Approaches in Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Schuurman Yves , Granger Pascal
Published: May 2019

Kinetics and reactor modeling for heterogeneous catalytic reactions are prominent tools for investigating, and understanding, the catalyst functionalities at nanoscale, and related rates of complex reaction networks [...]
Iridium-Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones and Aldehydes Using Glucose as a Sustainable Hydrogen Donor
Authors: Yoshida Masato , Hirahata Ryota , Inoue Takayoshi , Shimbayashi Takuya , Fujita Ken-ichi
Published: May 2019

A new catalytic system for transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds using glucose as a hydrogen donor was developed. Various ketones and aldehydes were efficiently converted to corresponding alcohols with two equivalents of glucose in the presence of a small amount (0.1 to 1.0 mol%) of iridium catalyst that had a functional ligand. In this catalytic system, transfer hydrogenation reactions proceeded based on the cooperativity of iridium and a functional ligand. It should be noted that environmentally benign water could have been used as a solvent in the present catalytic system for the reduction of various carbonyl substrates. Furthermore, the reaction scope could be extended by using N,N-dimethylacetamide as a reaction solvent.
Patient-Derived Non-Muscular Invasive Bladder Cancer Xenografts of Main Molecular Subtypes of the Tumor for Anti-Pd-l1 Treatment Assessment
Authors: Blinova Ekaterina , Roshchin Dmitry , Kogan Evgenya , Samishina Elena , Demura Tatiana , Deryabina Olga , Suslova Irina , Blinov Dmitry , Zhdanov Pavel , Osmanov Usif , Nelipa Mikhail , Kaprin Andrey
Published: May 2019

Background: Establishment of heterotopic patient-derived xenografts of primary and relapsed non-muscular invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) to explore the biological property of PD-L1 signaling that may impact bladder tumor growth in humanized animals. Methods: Tumor cells of luminal, basal, and p53 subtypes of primary and relapsed NMIBC were engrafted to irradiated (3.5 Gy) NOG/SCID female mice along with intraperitoneal transplantation of human lymphocytes (5 × 107 cells/mouse); a role of PD-L1 signaling pathway inhibition for bladder cancer growth was assessed in humanized animals that carried PD-L1-expressing main molecular subtypes of bladder carcinoma patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and provided with selective anti-PD-L1 treatment. We used two-tailed Student’s t test to explore differences between main and control subgroups. Significance of intergroup comparison was measured with one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey’s or Newman–Keul’s criterion. Survival curves were analyzed with the Gehan’s criterion with the Yate’s correction. The Spearman’s correlation was used to assess the link between CD8+ expression and sPD-L1 serum level. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results: Heterotopic primary and relapsed luminal, basal, and p53 subtypes of NMIBC PDXs were established. More than 25% of counted tumor cells of all PDX specimens expressed PD-L1, so the tumors were ranged as PD-L1 positive. Anti-PD-L1 intervention increased survival of the animals that carried both primary and relapsed luminal noninvasive, muscular invasive, and relapsed luminal bladder cancer xenografts. There was significant retardation of tumor volume duplication time in aforementioned subgroups correlated with PD-L1 expression. Bad response of p53 mutant subtypes of NMIBC on specific anti-PD-L1 treatment may be associated with low CD8+ cells representation into the tumors tissue. Conclusions: Established PD-L1-positive NMIBC PDXs differently replied on anti-PD-L1 treatment due to both NMIBC molecular subtype and tumor T-suppressors population. The results may have major implications for further clinical investigations.
Epidemiological Trends and Resistance Associated with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bacteremia: A 10-Year Retrospective Cohort Study in a Tertiary-Care Hospital in Hungary
Authors: Gajdács Márió , Urbán Edit
Published: May 2019

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has been recognized as an emerging nosocomial pathogen in invasive infections of immunocompromised, severely debilitated patients with significant underlying illnesses. The first-choice drug in these infections is sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX/TMP), and resistance to this antimicrobial is a daunting challenge for clinicians. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of S. maltophilia bacteremia and SMX/TMP-resistance levels at a tertiary-care university hospital. A total of 175 episodes of S. maltophilia bacteremia were identified (2008–2012: n = 82, 2013–2017: n = 93; p = 0.061), 52% of affected patients were 60 years of age, and had recent surgery, severe injuries or underlying conditions (malignant hematologic diseases and solid tumors) in their history. Sixteen percent of isolates were resistant to SMX/TMP (2008–2012: n = 13.8%, 2013–2017: n = 17.2%; p = 0.076), and out of the resistant strains, 32.7% were also resistant to levofloxacin and colistin. Our findings on the SMX/TMP-resistance were similar to global literature data.
Integration of Measurements and Time Diaries as Complementary Measures to Improve Resolution of BES
Authors: Carlander Jakob , Trygg Kristina , Moshfegh Bahram
Published: May 2019

Building energy simulation (BES) models rely on a variety of different input data, and the more accurate the input data are, the more accurate the model will be in predicting energy use. The objective of this paper is to show a method for obtaining higher accuracy in building energy simulations of existing buildings by combining time diaries with data from logged measurements, and also to show that more variety is needed in template values of user input data in different kinds of buildings. The case studied in this article is a retirement home in Linköping, Sweden. Results from time diaries and interviews were combined with logged measurements of electricity, temperature, and CO2 levels to create detailed occupant behavior schedules for use in BES models. Two BES models were compared, one with highly detailed schedules of occupancy, electricity use, and airing, and one using standardized input data of occupant behavior. The largest differences between the models could be seen in energy losses due to airing and in household electricity use, where the one with standardized user input data had a higher amount of electricity use and less losses due to airing of 39% and 99%, respectively. Time diaries and interviews, together with logged measurements, can be great tools to detect behavior that affects energy use in buildings. They can also be used to create detailed schedules and behavioral models, and to help develop standardized user input data for more types of buildings. This will help improve the accuracy of BES models so the energy efficiency gap can be reduced.
Thermal and Fluid Dynamic Behaviors of Confined Slot Jets Impinging on an Isothermal Moving Surface with Nanofluids
Authors: Buonomo Bernardo , Manca Oronzio , Bondareva Nadezhda S. , Sheremet Mikhail A.
Published: May 2019

A two-dimensional numerical investigation of turbulent convective heat transfer due to a confined slot jet impinging on an isothermal moving surface is accomplished. The confined geometry has an upper adiabatic surface parallel to the heated moving plate and the slot jet is in the middle of the confining adiabatic wall. The working fluids are pure water or a nanofluid, which in this case was a mixture of water and Al2O3 nanoparticles. The governing equations are written adopting the k-ε turbulence model with enhanced wall treatment and the single-phase model approach for the nanofluids. The numerical model is solved using the finite volume method with the Ansys Fluent code. Two geometric configurations regarding two values of the jet distance from the target surface are considered in the simulations. The concentration of nanoparticles ranges from 0% to 6%, with a single diameter equal to 30 nm, Reynolds numbers ranging from 5000 to 20000, and a moving surface-jet velocity ratio between 0 and 2 are examined in the investigation. The aim is to study the system behaviors by means of local and average Nusselt numbers, local and average friction factor/skin friction factor, stream function, and temperature fields. Results show that the presence of nanoparticles determines an increase in the dimensionless heat transfer but, as expected, does not affect the friction factor. The local and average increase in Nusselt numbers is also due to a combined effect of the moving plate and nanofluids.
Minimum Energy Management Strategy of Equivalent Fuel Consumption of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Improved Global Optimization Equivalent Factor
Authors: Liu Xixue , Qin Datong , Wang Shaoqian
Published: May 2019

A parallel hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is used to investigate the fuel economy effect of the equivalent fuel consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) with the equivalent factor as the core, where the equivalent factor is the conversion coefficient between fuel thermal energy and electric energy. In the conventional ECMS strategy, the battery cannot continue to discharge when the state of charge (SOC) is lower than the target value. At this time, the motor mainly works in the battery charging mode, making it difficult to adjust the engine operating point to the high-efficiency zone during the acceleration process. To address this problem, a relationship model of the battery SOC, vehicle acceleration a, and equivalent factor S was established. When the battery SOC is lower than the target value and the vehicle demand torque is high, which makes the engine operating point deviate from the high-efficiency zone, the time that the motor spends in the power generation mode during the driving process is reduced. This enables the motor to drive the vehicle at the appropriate time to reduce the engine output torque, and helps the engine operate in the high-efficiency zone. The correction function under US06 condition was optimized by genetic algorithm (GA). The best equivalent factor MAP was obtained with acceleration a and battery SOC as independent variables, and the improved global optimal equivalent factor of ECMS was established and simulated offline. Simulation results show that compared with conventional ECMS, the battery still has positive power output even when the SOC is less than the target value. The SOC is close to the target value after the cycle condition, and fuel economy improved by 1.88%; compared with the rule-based energy management control strategies, fuel economy improved by 10.17%. These results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed energy management strategy.
Multivariate Discriminant Analysis of Single Seed Near Infrared Spectra for Sorting Dead-Filled and Viable Seeds of Three Pine Species: Does One Model Fit All Species?
Authors: Tigabu Mulualem , Daneshvar Abolfazl , Jingjing Ren , Wu Pengfei , Ma Xiangqing , Odén Per Christer
Published: May 2019

Seed lots of pine species are composed of viable, dead-filled and empty seeds, and the success of complete sorting of dead-filled seeds using the conventional method (Incubation, Drying and Separation in water) is difficult to achieve; leaving a considerable scope for upgrading the sorting efficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prospect of sorting viable and dead-filled seeds of pine species using Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. To demonstrate this, dead-filled and viable seeds of Mason’s pine, slash pine and loblolly pine were incubated in moist medium for three days, dried for six hours and scanned by XDS Rapid Content Analyzer from 780–2500 nm. Orthogonal Projection to Latent Structure-Discriminant Analysis was used to develop discriminant models for each species separately and for all species combined. The results showed that the sensitivity (the model’s ability to correctly classify members of a given class) and the specificity (the model’s ability to reject non-members of a given class) were 100% for each species model and 98%–99% for combined species model. The overall classification accuracy was 100% and 99% for individual species and combined species models, respectively. The absorption band in the 1870–1950 nm with a major peak at 1930 nm, which is related to water, was responsible for discrimination as dead-filled seeds dried quicker than viable seeds during the drying process. Our study is the first attempt to simultaneously discriminate dead-filled and viable seeds of pines by NIR spectroscopy. The results demonstrates that a global calibration model of seed lots of several pine species can be equally effective as the individual species model to discriminate viable and dead-filled seeds by NIR spectroscopy, thereby ensuring precision sowing (also known as single seed sowing) in nurseries.
Laminated Veneer Lumber with Non-Wood Components and the Effects of Selected Factors on Its Bendability
Authors: Svoboda Tomáš , Sikora Adam , Záborský Vladimír , Gaffová Zuzana
Published: May 2019

Knowledge of the coefficients of wood bendability (KbendC and KbendB) and of the effects of selected factors on the listed characteristics in bending stress has both scientific and practical significance. It forms a foundation for designing tools for bending and determines the stress that products and their parts can be exposed to during use. This study analyzes the effects of selected factors on the selected characteristics, such as the coefficients of wood bendability (KbendC and KbendB). The selected factors of this study were wood species (WS) (Fagus sylvatica L. and Populus tremula L.), non-wood component (carbon fiber and glass fiber), position of the non-wood component in the laminated material (top and bottom), material thickness (T) (6 mm, 10 mm, and 18 mm), and adhesive (polyvinyl acetate and polyurethane), as well as their combined interaction on the monitored characteristics described above. The results contribute to the advancement of knowledge necessary for the study and development of new materials with specific properties for their intended use. The measured values of laminated structures can be compared with the values measured on the samples from the wood. The results can improve the innovative potential of wood processing companies and increase their performance and competitiveness in the market.
Pharmacist-Initiated Pre-Emptive Pharmacogenetic Panel Testing with Clinical Decision Support in Primary Care: Record of PGx Results and Real-World Impact
Authors: van der Wouden Cathelijne H. , Bank Paul C. D. , Özokcu Kübra , Swen Jesse J. , Guchelaar Henk-Jan
Published: May 2019

Logistics and (cost-)effectiveness of pharmacogenetic (PGx)-testing may be optimized when delivered through a pre-emptive panel-based approach, within a clinical decision support system (CDSS). Here, clinical recommendations are automatically deployed by the CDSS when a drug-gene interaction (DGI) is encountered. However, this requires record of PGx-panel results in the electronic medical record (EMR). Several studies indicate promising clinical utility of panel-based PGx-testing in polypharmacy and psychiatry, but is undetermined in primary care. Therefore, we aim to quantify both the feasibility and the real-world impact of this approach in primary care. Within a prospective pilot study, community pharmacists were provided the opportunity to request a panel of eight pharmacogenes to guide drug dispensing within a CDSS for 200 primary care patients. In this side-study, this cohort was cross-sectionally followed-up after a mean of 2.5-years. PGx-panel results were successfully recorded in 96% and 68% of pharmacist and general practitioner (GP) EMRs, respectively. This enabled 97% of patients to (re)use PGx-panel results for at least one, and 33% for up to four newly initiated prescriptions with possible DGIs. A total of 24.2% of these prescriptions had actionable DGIs, requiring pharmacotherapy adjustment. Healthcare utilization seemed not to vary among those who did and did not encounter a DGI. Pre-emptive panel-based PGx-testing is feasible and real-world impact is substantial in primary care.
Identification of Loci Controlling the Dwarfism Trait in the White Sailfin Molly (Poecilia latipinna) Using Genome-Wide Association Studies Based on Genotyping-By-Sequencing
Authors: Shao Fan , Liu Jing , Ren Mengyuan , Li Junying , Bao Haigang , Wu Changxin
Published: May 2019

Dwarfism is a condition defined by low harvest weight in fish, but also results in strange body figures which may have potential for the selective breeding of new ornamental fish strains. The objectives of this study are to reveal the physiological causes of dwarfism and identify the genetic loci controlling this trait in the white sailfin molly. Skeletons of dwarf and normal sailfin mollies were observed by X-ray radioscopy and skeletal staining. Genome-wide association studies based on genotyping-by-sequencing (n = 184) were used to map candidate genomic regions associated with the dwarfism trait. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to determine the expression level of candidate genes in normal (n = 8) and dwarf (n = 8) sailfin mollies. We found that the dwarf sailfin molly has a short and dysplastic spine in comparison to the normal fish. Two regions, located at NW_015112742.1 and NW_015113621.1, were significantly associated with the dwarfism trait. The expression level of three candidate genes, ADAMTS like 1, Larp7 and PPP3CA, were significantly different between the dwarf and normal sailfin mollies in the hepatopancreas, with PPP3CA also showing significant differences in the vertebrae and Larp7 showing significant differences in the muscle. This study identified genomic regions and candidate genes associated with the dwarfism trait in the white sailfin molly and would provide a reference to determine dwarf-causing variations.
Interlocutors, Nonhuman Actors, and the Ethics of Literary Signification
Authors: Wehrs Donald
Published: May 2019

Associating autonomy with art has long been viewed with suspicion, but autonomous signifying agency may be attributed to literary discourse without lapsing into decontextualized aestheticism or neoliberal conceptions of subjectivity. Through literary practices that “move” readers in a “singular” manner, a work becomes what Rita Felski, following Bruno Latour, calls a “nonhuman actor.” Such an actor, Felski observes, “modifies a state of affairs by making a difference,” participating “in chains of events” so as to “help shape outcomes and influence events” (2015, pp. 163–64). Autonomous signifying agency within works and literary discourse more broadly enables them to become actors within what Latour terms “networks of associations” through which “the social” is constantly “reassembled.” But literary works also act as interlocutors, in the sense Levinas gives the word (1996a, pp. 2–10). Though not full-fledged ethical others, they nonetheless, as interlocutors, are sufficiently invested with the attributes and agency of ethical others to be their extensions or ambassadors. Nonhuman, interlocutory literary agency may be explored in iconic passages of ancient literature—Telemachus’ recognition that he is being visited by a god (Odyssey Book 1: ll. 319–24) and Judah’s recognition that Tamar is more “righteous” than he (Gen. 38: 26). In being authoritative but not authoritarian, literary discourse becomes a potently autonomous actor within the networks of associations in which it participates.
Microalgae Brewery Wastewater Treatment: Potentials, Benefits and the Challenges
Authors: Amenorfenyo David Kwame , Huang Xianghu , Zhang Yulei , Zeng Qitao , Zhang Ning , Ren Jiajia , Huang Qiang
Published: May 2019

Concerns about environmental safety have led to strict regulations on the discharge of final brewery effluents into water bodies. Brewery wastewater contains huge amounts of organic compounds that can cause environmental pollution. The microalgae wastewater treatment method is an emerging environmentally friendly biotechnological process. Microalgae grow well in nutrient-rich wastewater by absorbing organic nutrients and converting them into useful biomass. The harvested biomass can be used as animal feed, biofertilizer, and an alternative energy source for biodiesel production. This review discusses conventional and current brewery wastewater treatment methods, and the application and potential of microalgae in brewery wastewater treatment. The study also discusses the benefits as well as challenges associated with microalgae brewery and other industrial wastewater treatments.
Manual Cultivation Operations in Poplar Stands: A Characterization of Job Difficulty and Risks of Health Impairment
Authors: Marogel-Popa Tiberiu , Cheţa Marius , Marcu Marina Viorela , Duţă Cristian Ionuţ , Ioraş Florin , Borz Stelian Alexandru
Published: May 2019

Short rotation poplar forests are a viable alternative in producing high quality wood for industrial applications. Their success depends on timely and high-quality implementation of a series of operations. Weed control operations are implemented to favor the trees in their competition for soil resources, and cultivation is an option typically used in many European countries. For the moment, a complete mechanization of such operations is virtually impossible, and they still require an intensive use of manual labor. Since information on work difficulty and risks in manual cultivation operations is limited, this study aimed to characterize this job. Evaluation was made in terms of work efficiency, cardiovascular workload, work intensity and postural risks by implementing a time and motion study combined with heart rate measurements, accelerometry and whole-body postural analysis. Work efficiency was particularly low even if the share of effective work time was high (70% of the observation time). Job was characterized as moderate to high intensity, which resulted into a moderate to high cardiovascular strain. While the postural analysis indicated rather small risks, the main problem was found for the back postures assumed during the work. Improvements should aim to extend mechanization, train the workers and appropriately design rest breaks.
Molecular Identification of Selected Streptomyces Strains Isolated from Mexican Tropical Soils and their Anti-Candida Activity
Authors: Escalante-Réndiz Diana , de-la-Rosa-García Susana , Tapia-Tussell Raúl , Martín Jesús , Reyes Fernando , Vicente Francisca , Gamboa-Angulo Marcela
Published: May 2019

The increasing incidence of Candida albicans infections and resistance to current antifungal therapies has led to the search for new and more effective antifungal compounds. Actinobacterial species from the Streptomyces genus are recognized as some of the major producers of antimicrobial compounds. Therefore, the aims of this study were: (1) the identification of Streptomyces strains isolated from Mexican tropical acidic soils, (2) the evaluation of their antifungal activity on C. albicans, and (3) the exploration of the presence of polyketide synthase genes in their genome and antifungal secondary metabolites in their extracts. Four actinobacterial strains, isolated from previously unexplored soils with antibacterial antecedents, were selected. These strains were identified as Streptomyces angustmyceticus S6A-03, Streptomyces manipurensis S3A-05 and S3A-09, and Streptomyces parvisporogenes S2A-04, according to their molecular analyses. The ethanol extract of the lyophilized supernatant of S. parvisporogenes displayed the most interesting antifungal activity against C. albicans, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.5 mg/mL. Type I polyketide synthase (PKS-I) and non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) genes were detected in all strains. In addition, type II PKS genes (PKS-II) were also found in S. manipurensis S3A-05 and S. parvisporogenes. LC-UV-HRMS analysis of the active organic extract of S. parvisporogenes indicated the presence of the known antifungal compound carbazomycin G as the major component.
Effects of Small Gaps on the Relationship Among Soil Properties, Topography, and Plant Species in Subtropical Rhododendron Secondary Forest, Southwest China
Authors: Tang Fenghua , Quan Wenxuan , Li Chaochan , Huang Xianfei , Wu Xianliang , Yang Qiaoan , Pan Yannan , Xu Tayan , Qian Chenyu , Gu Yunbing
Published: May 2019

Background: The secondary forests have become the major forest type worldwide, and forest gap was also a common small disturbance in secondary forests. We aimed to analyze the effects of small gap disturbance on the plant species richness of subtropical secondary forest with natural regeneration barriers and examine the relationship between soil topography and plant species in a subtropical Rhododendron secondary forest of the Baili Rhododendron National Nature Reserve. Methods: The major plant species and soil topography gradient factors of the small gaps and closed canopy (control group) were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, multivariate permutational analysis of variance, nonmetric multi-dimensional scaling, random forest, canonical correspondence analysis, redundancy analysis, and a generalized linear model. Results: Small gaps had significant impact on the distribution of soil available potassium (AK), organic carbon to total phosphorus (C/P) ratio rather than slope position for soil pH and calcium (Ca) under closed canopy. Soil pH and AK followed by total phosphorus (TP) were the most important variables explaining the spatial distributions of soil properties in both habitats. Determining the spatial distribution of individual woody plant species were soil pH in small gaps, instead of lower altitude, TP, total potassium (TK) and sodium (Na) concentrations for both habitats. Moreover, Ericaceae and Fagaceae were strongly associated with pH in the small gaps. However, there was soil Na for the herbaceous plant in the closed canopy. The species richness of woody plant species in small gaps was affected significantly by pH, soil water content (SWC), and TK, instead of soil organic carbon (SOC), SWC and C/P ratio in both habitats. Conclusions: Small gaps were not always significantly improved the composition of soil nutrients, but provided a good microenvironment for plant growth, species richness of major woody plant differed between habitats.