bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of the miR-548au-3p/CA12 Axis in Tracheal Chondrogenesis in Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformations
Authors: Zeng Jiahang , Zhang Xinwen , Yang Qinglin , Peng Junzheng , Wang Fenghua , Tang Jue , Xu Yingyi , Huang Dongmei , Liang Jianhua , Li Le
Published: February 2023

Background. Literature has identified differentially expressed miRNAs in congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM). However, the functional role of these miRNAs in CPAM remains unclear. Methods. We obtained diseased lung tissues as well as adjacent normal lung tissue from CPAM patients attending the centre. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Alcian blue staining were performed. Differentially expressed mRNA expression profile was CPAM tissue, and matched normal tissue specimens were examined by high-throughput RNA sequencing. CCK-8 assay, EdU staining, TUNEL staining, flow cytometry, and the Transwell assay were performed to investigate the effect of miR-548au-3p/CA12 axis on proliferation, apoptosis, and chondrogenic differentiation in rat tracheal chondrocytes. mRNA and protein expression levels were determined using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. The relationship between miR-548au-3p and CA12 was evaluated using the luciferase reporter assay. Results. The expression level of miR-548au-3p was significantly increased in diseased tissues compared with normal adjacent tissues from patients with CPAM. Our results indicate that miR-548au-3p functions as a positive regulator in rat tracheal chondrocyte proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation. At molecular level, miR-548au-3p promoted N-cadherin, MMP13, and ADAMTS4 expressions and reduced E-cadherin, aggrecan, and Col2A1 expressions. CA12 has been previously reported as a predicted target of miR-548au-3p, and here, we show that overexpression of CA12 in rat tracheal chondrocyte mimics the effects of inhibition of miR-548au-3p. On the other hand, CA12 knockdown reversed the effects of miR-548au-3p on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and chondrogenic differentiation. Conclusions. In conclusion, the miR-548au-3p/CA12 axis plays a role in the pathogenesis of CPAM and may lead to identification of new approaches for CPAM treatment.
The Impact of Borrowing Debt on the Efficiency Loss of Municipal Infrastructure Investment and Construction
Authors: Li Xiaojie , Li Hao , Qiu Fei
Published: February 2023

Borrowing debt has impacted on the financing effect and governance effect of investment entities. Borrowing debt has become an important financing channel for the investment and construction of municipal infrastructure in China. In this paper, panel data from 2003 to 2018 in cities above the prefecture level in China are used to study the impact of borrowing debt on the efficiency loss of municipal infrastructure investment and construction. First, the results indicate that financing constraints have a greater impact than agency costs for the investment and construction of municipal infrastructure in China. Second, borrowing debt can effectively reduce the efficiency loss of municipal infrastructure investment and construction due to financing constraints. Third, the governance effect of borrowing debt is not very positive, but the rigid repayment of debt and interest to international banks will play some positive governance effects in the later stage.
Preserving Resource Handiness and Exigency-Based Migration Algorithm (PRH-EM) for Energy Efficient Federated Cloud Management Systems
Authors: Karthikeyan R. , Sundaravadivazhagan B. , Cyriac Robin , Balachandran Praveen Kumar , Shitharth S.
Published: February 2023

On-demand computing ability and efficient service delivery are the major benefits of cloud systems. The limitation in resource availability in single data centers causes the extraction of additional resources from the cloud providers group. The federation scheme dynamically increases resource availability in response to service requests. The dynamic increase in resource count leads to excessive energy consumption, maximum cost, and carbon footprints emission. Hence, the reduction of resources is the major requirement to construct the optimized cloud source models for profit maximization without considering energy mix and CO2. This paper proposes the novel migration method to reduce carbon emissions and energy consumption. The initial stage in the proposed work is the categorization of data centers based on the MIPS and cost prior to job allocation offers scalable and efficient services and resources to the cloud user. Then, the job with the maximum size is allotted to the VM only if its capacity is less than the cumulative capacity of data centers. A novel migration based on overutilized and underutilized levels provides the services to the user even if the particular VM fails. The proposed work offers efficient maintenance of resource availability and maximizes the profit of the cloud providers associated with the federated cloud environment. The comparative analysis of the proposed algorithm with the existing methods regarding the response time, accuracy, profit, carbon emission, and energy consumption assures the effectiveness in a confederated cloud environment.
Healthcare Facilities Redesign Using Multicriteria Decision-Making: Fuzzy TOPSIS and Graph Heuristic Theories
Authors: Hassanain Amr A. , Eldosoky Mohamed A. A. , Soliman Ahmed M.
Published: February 2023

Background. Healthcare facilities are crucial assets that are necessary to be updated and evaluated regularly. One of the most pressing issues today is the renovation of healthcare facilities to match international standards. In large projects involving nations renovating healthcare facilities, it is necessary to rank the evaluated hospitals and medical centers in making optimal decisions for the redesign process. Objective. This study presents the process of renovating old healthcare facilities to meet international standards, applying proposed algorithms for measuring compliance for redesign, and deciding whether or not the redesign process is beneficial. Methods. The evaluated hospitals were ranked using a fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution algorithm and a reallocation algorithm that calculates the layout score before and after applying the proposed algorithm for the redesign process using bubble plan and graph heuristics techniques. Results and Conclusion. The results of the methodologies applied to 10 evaluated hospitals as selected hospitals in Egypt showed that the hospital with the abbreviation (D) had the most required general hospital criteria, and the hospital with the abbreviation (I) had no cardiac catheterization laboratory and lacked the most international standard criteria. After applying the reallocation algorithm, one hospital’s operating theater layout score improved by 32.5%. Proposed algorithms support decision-making by helping organizations redesign healthcare facilities.
Dysregulation of Mitochondrial Translation Caused byCBFBDeficiency Cooperates with Mutant PIK3CA and Is a Vulnerability in Breast Cancer
Authors: Malik Navdeep , Kim Young-Im , Yan Hualong , Tseng Yu-Chou , du Bois Wendy , Ayaz Gamze , Tran Andy D. , Vera-Ramirez Laura , Yang Howard , Michalowski Aleksandra M. , Kruhlak Michael , Lee Maxwell , Hunter Kent W. , Huang Jing
Published: February 2023

Understanding functional interactions between cancer mutations is an attractive strategy for discovering unappreciated cancer pathways and developing new combination therapies to improve personalized treatment. However, distinguishing driver gene pairs from passenger pairs remains challenging. Here, we designed an integrated omics approach to identify driver gene pairs by leveraging genetic interaction analyses of top mutated breast cancer genes and the proteomics interactome data of their encoded proteins. This approach identified that PIK3CA oncogenic gain-of-function (GOF) and CBFB loss-of-function (LOF) mutations cooperate to promote breast tumor progression in both mice and humans. The transcription factor CBFB localized to mitochondria and moonlighted in translating the mitochondrial genome. Mechanistically, CBFB enhanced the binding of mitochondrial mRNAs to TUFM, a mitochondrial translation elongation factor. Independent of mutant PI3K, mitochondrial translation defects caused by CBFB LOF led to multiple metabolic reprogramming events, including defective oxidative phosphorylation, the Warburg effect, and autophagy/mitophagy addiction. Furthermore, autophagy and PI3K inhibitors synergistically killed breast cancer cells and impaired the growth of breast tumors, including patient-derived xenografts carrying CBFB LOF and PIK3CA GOF mutations. Thus, our study offers mechanistic insights into the functional interaction between mutant PI3K and mitochondrial translation dysregulation in breast cancer progression and provides a strong preclinical rationale for combining autophagy and PI3K inhibitors in precision medicine for breast cancer.

Significance:

CBFB-regulated mitochondrial translation is a regulatory step in breast cancer metabolism and synergizes with mutant PI3K in breast cancer progression.
Venadaparib Is a Novel and Selective PARP Inhibitor with Improved Physicochemical Properties, Efficacy, and Safety
Authors: Lee Myongjae , Je In-Gyu , Kim Jeong Eun , Yoo Yeongran , Lim Jong-Ha , Jang Eunhye , Lee Yoonsuk , Song Dong Keun , Moon An-Na , Kim Jeong-Ah , Jeong Jinah , Park Joon-Tae , Lee Jung Woo , Yang Ji-Hoon , Hong Chang-Hee , Park Sun-Young , Park Young-Whan , Baek Nam Seok , Lee Sungsook , Ha Kyoung Soo , Choi SungKu , Lee Won Sik
Published: February 2023

PARP inhibitors have been approved by the FDA for use in the treatment of patients with ovarian, breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancers. PARP inhibitors show diverse suppressive effects on PARP family members and PARP-DNA trapping potency. These properties are associated with distinct safety/efficacy profiles. Here, we report the nonclinical characteristics of venadaparib (also known as IDX-1197 or NOV140101), a novel potent PARP inhibitor. The physiochemical properties of venadaparib were analyzed. Furthermore, the efficacy of venadaparib against PARP enzymes, PAR formation, and PARP trapping activities, and growth inhibition of cell lines with BRCA mutations were evaluated. Ex vivo and in vivo models were also established to study pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and toxicity. Venadaparib specifically inhibits PARP-1 and -2 enzymes. Oral administration of venadaparib HCl at doses above 12.5 mg/kg significantly reduced tumor growth in the OV_065 patient-derived xenograft model. Intratumoral PARP inhibition remained at over 90% until 24 hours after dosing. Venadaparib had wider safety margins than olaparib. Notably, venadaparib showed favorable physicochemical properties and superior anticancer effects in homologous recombination-deficient in vitro and in vivo models with improved safety profiles. Our results suggest the possibility of venadaparib as a next-generation PARP inhibitor. On the basis of these findings, phase Ib/IIa studies on the efficacy and safety of venadaparib have been initiated.
SGN-CD228A Is an Investigational CD228-Directed Antibody–Drug Conjugate with Potent Antitumor Activity across a Wide Spectrum of Preclinical Solid Tumor Models
Authors: Mazahreh Rebecca , Mason Marsha L. , Gosink John J. , Olson Devra J. , Thurman Robert , Hale Christopher , Westendorf Lori , Pires Thomas A. , Leiske Christopher I. , Carlson Markus , Nguyen Liem T. , Cochran Julia H. , Okeley Nicole M. , Yumul Roma , Jin Steven , Stone Ivan J. , Sahetya Disha , Nesterova Albina , Allred Sean , Hensley Kelly M. , Hu Rachael , Lawrence Robert , Lewis Timothy S. , Sandall Sharsti
Published: February 2023

SGN-CD228A is an investigational antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) directed to melanotransferrin (CD228, MELTF, MFI2, p97), a cell-surface protein first identified in melanoma. SGN-CD228A consists of a humanized antibody, hL49, with high specificity and affinity for CD228 that is stably conjugated to 8 molecules of the clinically validated microtubule-disrupting agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) via a novel glucuronide linker. We performed comprehensive IHC studies, which corroborated published RNA sequencing data and confirmed low CD228 expression in normal tissues and high expression in several cancers, including melanoma, squamous non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), colorectal cancer, and pancreatic cancer. SGN-CD228A was efficiently internalized in various tumor cell types, and its cytotoxic activity was dependent on CD228 expression and internalization and intrinsic sensitivity to the MMAE payload. Compared with the valine-citrulline dipeptide linker, the novel glucuronide linker increased the cellular retention of MMAE in vitro and conferred improved antitumor activity against melanoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo. In addition, SGN-CD228A was active across melanoma, TNBC, and NSCLC cell line- and patient-derived xenograft models with heterogeneous antigen expression. In vivo, CD228 expression was important for response to SGN-CD228A but was not well correlated across all tumor types, suggesting that other factors associated with ADC activity are important. Overall, SGN-CD228A is a CD228-directed, investigational ADC that employs innovative technology and has compelling preclinical antitumor activity. SGN-CD228A is investigated in a Phase I clinical trial (NCT04042480) in patients with advanced solid tumors.
COVID-19 as an Independent Risk Factor for Weight Loss in Older Adults Living in Nursing Homes
Authors: Courtois-Amiot Pauline , Allart Hélène , de Cathelineau Castille , Legué Catherine , Eischen Philippe , Chetaille Fabienne , Lepineux Denise , Raynaud-Simon Agathe , Sanchez Manuel
Published: February 2023

Introduction: In nursing homes, where residents are at elevated risk for malnutrition, the specific additive effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on weight loss has not yet been adequately evaluated. This study aimed to determine the factors independently associated with weight loss in nursing home residents who survived the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, whether they have contracted COVID-19 or not. Methods: This research was a retrospective study conducted in three nursing homes. Residents who survived the first French COVID-19 lockdown (March to May 2020) were included, provided their weight records were available. Baseline data included the body mass index (BMI), capacity to self-feed, need for texture-modified food, disability, and legal guardianship status. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was based on the results of a positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate associations between resident characteristics, COVID-19 status, and at least 5% weight loss. Results: Of the 316 included residents (72% female, mean age of 88 years, 48% severely disabled, and 38% under legal guardianship), 111 (35%) contracted COVID-19 and 102 (32%) lost at least 5% of their body weight. No difference was observed between the baseline characteristics of residents subsequently affected or unaffected by COVID-19. In the univariate analysis, old age, severe disability, texture-modified food, the need for close mealtime supervision, and COVID-19 were significantly associated with at least 5% weight loss. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, COVID-19 (p = 0.02) and the need for close mealtime supervision (p = 0.02) were associated with weight loss in a model that also included age, BMI, texture-modified food, disability, and nursing home. Conclusion: For nursing home residents, COVID-19 was an independent risk factor for weight loss. Weight loss was most common in residents needing close mealtime supervision, suggesting that organizational issues may have affected the quality of the nutritional care provided during the lockdown.
Serum Potassium Trajectory during Acute Kidney Injury and Mortality Risk
Authors: Chávez-Íñiguez Jonathan S. , Maggiani-Aguilera Pablo , Aranda-García de Quevedo Andrés , Claure-Del Granado Rolando , Vega-Vega Olynka , López-Giacoman Salvador R. , Chávez-Alonso Gael , Oliva-Martínez Ana E. , Díaz-Villavicencio Bladimir , Calderón-García Clementina E. , González-Barajas David , Arizaga-Nápoles Manuel , De la Vega-Méndez Frida M. , Navarro-Blackaller Guillermo , Medina-González Ramón , Ibarra-Hernández Margarita , García-García Guillermo
Published: February 2023

Background: The association between potassium (sK) level trajectory and mortality or the need for kidney replacement therapy (KRT) during acute kidney injury (AKI) has not been adequately explored. Methods: In this prospective cohort, AKI patients admitted to the Hospital Civil de Guadalajara were enrolled. Eight groups based on the sK (mEq/L) level trajectories during 10 days of hospitalization were created (1) normokalemia (normoK), defined as sK between 3.5–5.5; (2) hyperkalemia to normoK; (3) hypokalemia to normoK; (4) fluctuating potassium; (5) persistent hypoK; (6) normoK to hypoK; (7) normoK to hyperK; (8) persistent hyperK. We assessed the association of sK trajectories with mortality and the need for KRT. Results: A total of 311 AKI patients were included. The mean age was 52.6 years, and 58.6% were male. AKI stage 3 was present in 63.9%. KRT started in 36% patients, and 21.2% died. After adjusting for confounders, 10-day hospital mortality was significantly higher in groups 7 and 8 (OR, 1.35 and 1.61, p < 0.05, for both, respectively), and KRT initiation was higher only in group 8 (OR 1.38, p < 0.05) compared with group 1. Mortality in different subgroups of patients in group 8 did not change the primary results. Conclusion: In our prospective cohort, most patients with AKI had alterations in sK+. NormoK to hyperK and persistent hyperK were associated with death, while only persistent hyperK was correlated with the need for KRT.
Controle da variação de quantidades: Iniciação à linguagem numérica
Authors: Moura Anna Regina Lanner de ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação, Rocha Cristina Helena de Souza ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Educação, Silva Silem Santos ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Educação
Published: February 2023

Reeditar o livro o Controle da variação das quantidades: atividades de ensino. passados trinta anos: qual a razão? Qual a importância? A construção da resposta a estas perguntas tem as cores desses trinta anos. A sua justificativa está na maneira como fomos compreendendo cada vez mais o que tem sido o nosso objeto de estudo: o ensino e a aprendizagem como uma unidade constituída na atividade pedagógica que viabiliza a apropriação do conhecimento de modo intencional. O livro é essa história viva do movimento coletivo em busca de dar significado ao ato educativo. Ato que tem como finalidade propiciar a apropriação de conceitos e de modos gerais de realizar uma atividade que tenha significado para a vida em sociedade. Nesta edição, temos a inestimável contribuição das professoras Maria Isabel Batista Serrão e Elaine Sampaio Araújo, as quais, ao lado dos que participaram da primeira edição, assumiram o compromisso de retomar essa experiência humanizadora da Oficina Pedagógica de Matemática e reescrevê-la, guiadas pelas novas aprendizagens sobre a atividade pedagógica. Fica o convite: ao realizarmos as nossas atividades pedagógicas, continuemos a dar vida ao que este livro apresenta.
Interfaces entre Arqueologia, Museologia e Educação: a experiência do CEOM/Unochapecó em relação ao patrimônio arqueológico do Oeste Catarinense
Authors: Carbonera Mirian , Argenta Denise Adriana , Onghero André Luiz , Bertoncello Aline , Oliveira Josiane Roza de
Published: February 2023

O artigo apresenta a trajetória do Centro de Memória do Oeste de Santa Catarina (CEOM), espaço de pesquisa, salvaguarda e difusão do patrimônio arqueológico regional. Criado e mantido pela Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó (Unochapecó), com sede na cidade de Chapecó, estado de Santa Catarina. Iniciamos com o histórico da atuação do CEOM, desde sua criação, nos anos 1980, até os dias atuais, enfatizando a consolidação do Núcleo de Pesquisa Arqueológica e do Setor Educativo. Abordamos a expansão das atividades de pesquisa, comunicação, ação educativa e destacamos a importância das parcerias e de uma equipe especializada e diversificada para dar conta dos objetivos do Centro. As fontes utilizadas foram os documentos e projetos realizados ao longo de suas três décadas de atuação. Os principais desafios identificados foram a busca por recursos financeiros para a realização e manutenção das ações de pesquisa, documentação, conservação e comunicação do acervo, e a definição de um espaço físico próprio para a realização das suas atividades. Por outro lado, a partir da análise, ficou evidente a importância de instituições como o CEOM, as quais mantêm atividades sistemáticas e são consideradas referência pela comunidade em ações de preservação de bens culturais, com destaque, neste trabalho, para os bens de natureza arqueológica. A principal conclusão é que as atividades de pesquisa, salvaguarda e extroversão do conhecimento para a proteção do patrimônio arqueológico são indissociáveis, de longo prazo e requerem continuidade, parceria com a comunidade e associação entre diferentes agentes e instituições para a efetiva consolidação.
Estratigrafia de uma paisagem invisível: narrativas museais e arqueológicas sobre o Recolhimento de Santa Teresa, Niterói/RJ/Brasil
Authors: Saladino Alejandra , Brito Lúcia Zanatta
Published: February 2023

O Recolhimento de Santa Teresa de Itaipu, uma edificação do século XVIII construída com o fim de abrigar mulheres a pedido ou ordem de seus parentes do gênero masculino, bem como as de conduta social desviante, localiza-se na região oceânica de Niterói. À sua desativação, estimada na segunda metade do século XIX, sucedeu-se um processo de abandono e deterioração de suas estruturas, as quais foram aproveitadas como moradia por algumas famílias de pescadores tradicionais da região. Seus valores enquanto referência patrimonial foram reconhecidos em 1955, quando da sua inscrição no Livro de Tombo das Belas Artes do Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional. Preservado em ruínas, em 1977 foi transformado em museu regional do IPHAN, o Museu de Arqueologia de Itaipu (MAI), inicialmente dedicado à arqueologia pré-colonial. Aqui objetivamos refletir sobre o lugar das recolhidas nas narrativas museais e arqueológicas que constituem o discurso do museu à luz da Arqueologia de Gênero, da Arqueologia da Paisagem e Museologia. Da análise, de base fenomenológica, advêm resultados preliminares a sugerir que o discurso da entidade ainda não se apropriou das ondas dos feminismos retroalimentadas pelos movimentos de renovação da Museologia, pois mantém, em primeiro plano, as narrativas relacionadas ao passado pré-colonial e ao passado recente, centradas na pesca artesanal e na relação com a paisagem, cujo protagonismo está no olhar e nas vivências masculinas. O significado da paisagem local se transformou sem evidenciar a multivocalidade daquele espaço, onde permanecem subterrâneas as memórias das mulheres encarceradas, a despeito da materialidade das ruínas do antigo recolhimento que proporcionam uma memória retrospectiva e materializada.
Informação sobre aditivos alimentares nos rótulos de alimentos no Brasil: análise crítica
Authors: Montera Vanessa dos Santos Pereira , Martins Ana Paula Bortoletto , Mais Laís Amaral , Canella Daniela Silva
Published: February 2023

Nos últimos tempos, questões vêm sendo levantadas sobre a segurança no uso de aditivos alimentares e em seu consumo. Verificou-se que o aumento da exposição a essas substâncias, seja pela ingestão mais frequente de alimentos ultraprocessados ou pela ampla utilização e combinação de várias categorias de aditivos pela indústria, pode estar relacionado ao maior risco à saúde do consumidor. Um estudo quantificou e caracterizou aditivos alimentares encontrados nos rótulos de 9.856 alimentos e bebidas embalados disponíveis nos supermercados brasileiros. Nele, foi adotado um diário de campo para registro de falhas e inconformidades nas informações presentes nas listas de ingredientes, sendo, por fim, analisadas qualitativamente e descritas de forma narrativa. Com base nisso, o objetivo deste comentário é apresentar e discutir o uso desses aditivos identificados nos rótulos e as limitações da legislação brasileira, que deveria garantir o direito à informação e a saúde da população.
Analysis of the Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Composition of Fenjiu Daqu During Daqu Making Processes
Authors: Zhao Jia , Gao Zhen-Feng
Published: February 2023

Daqu is an important raw material as a starter in the fermentation process, provides various microorganisms that required during the fermentation in the fermentation process. However, the microbial communities characteristics in different Daqu making stages need to be further studied.
In this paper, three kinds of Daqu including Qingcha, Houhuo and Hongxin were selected as research material, the physicochemical properties and microbial communities were studied in four typical Daqu making stages including Qupei, Shangmei, Houhuo and Chufang stages. The total DNA was extracted
using E.Z.N.A. Soil DNA Kit, and the microbial community characteristics were further analyzed based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). In the results, at each stage of Daqu production process, the physical and chemical properties, microbial
numbers and enzyme activities among the three kinds of Daqu had few differences, while the composition of microbial community was in dynamic change. Specifically, combined with OTU analysis, it is found that the dominant bacteria in Daqu include 5 kinds of lactobacillus, as well as other bacteria
of Thermoactinomyces, Streptococcus and Acetobacter. As for fungi, the identified at species level include 3 yeasts, as well as 4 genera including Aspergillus oryzae, Malassezia globosa, Saccharomycopsis, Pichia, and Thermoascus. In the
different production stages of the three kinds of Daqu, the composition and structure of microbiology communities changed dynamically with the fermentation time, which may be affected by multiple factors such as temperature and environment. In conclusion, the physical and chemical properties
and microbial community structure of Fenjiu Daqu in the Daqu making process was analyzed, and the changes of microbial diversity in different stages were preliminarily explored, which can provide a theoretical basis for further understanding and improving the quality of Fenjiu Daqu.
Activity Evaluation of Eucommia ulmoides Extracts for Urinary System Disease Treatment and Phylogenetic Analysis
Authors: Liu Wei-Shuai , Zhu Chang-Qing
Published: February 2023

Eucommia ulmoides is a significant conventionalmedicinal plant in China, and is a prevalent herb for curing disease. Eucommia ulmoides is a significant medicinal plant for treating the urinary system disease treatment. After the extraction of active ingredient from Eucommia
ulmoides, its application values on the urinary system disease were measured and the associated mechanism was also explored. At first, the ELISA was exploited for detecting of the inflammatory cytokines concentration that released into urine. Then, the pathological damage degree of kidney
was also evaluated through HE staining after indicated treatment. Besides, for the Eucommia ulmoides, its complete chloroplast genome was analyzed through Illumina pair-end sequencing. According to neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic analysis, the Lactuca sativa and E. ulmoides
come together and become the sisters of other associated species.
Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Potentials of Some Cold Pressed Oils from Some Medicinal Plants from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aldhumri Sami Ali , Zaid Abeer Abu , Alasfoury Susu , Hamdi Hamida
Published: February 2023

Medicinal Plant oils are used as a conventional medication for treatment of several illnesses and ailments since old times. Our aim was to estimate the antimicrobial and wound healing properties of fixed oil of some plants as Moringa sp., Saussurea sp., Nigella sp., Cucurbita sp.,
and Thymus sp. The composition of fatty acids, tocopherols, phytosterols and other active components were identified by using high performance liquid and gas chromatography. Antimicrobial efficacy was done against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram ve+
bacteria), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans (Gram ve− bacteria). Antimicrobial efficacy was estimated using disc diffusion and MIC methods. Wound healing efficacy was estimated using excision wound model in albino mice
and the topical application of the fixed oils. Oleic acid, Linoleic acid, Linolenic acid, Palmitic acid, Stearic acid, α-, β-, γ-tocopherols, β-sitosterol, Stigmasterol and Campesterol are present in the studied oils. The studied oils showed
high antimicrobial activities, and black seed oil had largest inhibition zone against K. pneumonia and S. aureus at 100 μl/ml. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) recorded by Nigella sp. oil (40 μl/ml) for K. pneumonia, E. coli, C.
albicans, and 60 μl/ml for S. aureus and B. subtilis. All fixed oils speed up the healing process.
Evolution of the Southwest Drought Learning Network: Collective Response to Exceptional Drought
Authors: Elias Emile , Fuchs Brian , Lisonbee Joel , Bernadt Tonya , Martinez Viktorya , Haigh Tonya
Published: February 2023

The 2018 exceptional drought over the Colorado Plateau motivated unprecedented responses by individuals and organizations. Some of these responses made clear that proactive adaptive measures were fundamental to drought resilience. Climate service organizations (CSOs) supporting and observing these responses realized the utility of a network to share and document successful drought responses. In February 2020, a small group of CSOs and resource managers (RMs) met to envision the Southwest Drought Learning Network (DLN) to align with other existing efforts, but with the specific goal of enabling peer-to-peer learning to build resilience to future droughts. Since then, the network has grown into five organized teams focused on specific aspects of building drought resilience. Team activities include sharing case studies to help others learn from past experiences, hosting monthly drought briefings that introduce drought data and management tools, identifying information needed to support critical management decisions, innovating and sharing new and traditional drought monitoring technologies, and building drought resilience with indigenous communities. The network allows for collaboration and leveraging partner resources and strengths. The DLN website (https://dln.swclimatehub.info/) hosts more information about network teams and activities. This innovative network continues to grow in response to management needs and water scarcity in the region. For the benefit of others who may be considering a similar network and supporting peer-to-peer learning, we document the history, process, and lessons learned regarding the Southwest DLN.
Trends in Comprehensive Thoracic Case Experience Among General Surgery Residents in the Modern Integrated Cardiothoracic Residency Era: Review of Twenty Years of Resident Case Logs
Authors: Blitzer David , Benintende Andrew J. , Nemeth Samantha , Kurlansky Paul , Antkowiak Mark , Fischkoff Katherine , Argenziano Michael , Takayama Hiroo
Published: February 2023

Background

Thoracic surgery training among general surgery residents in the United States is regulated by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) to ensure exposure to subspecialty fields during residency. Thoracic surgery training has changed over time with the placement of work hour restrictions, the emphasis on minimally invasive surgery, and increased subspecialization of training like integrated six-year cardiothoracic surgery programs. We aim to investigate how these changes over the past twenty years have affected thoracic surgery training among general surgery residents.

Methods

ACGME general surgery resident case logs from 1999 to 2019 were reviewed. Data included exposure to the thorax via thoracic, cardiac, vascular, pediatric, trauma, and alimentary tract procedures. Cases from the above categories were consolidated to determine the comprehensive experience. Descriptive statistics were performed over four 5-year Eras (Era 1:1999-2004, Era 2: 2004-2009, Era 3: 2009-2014, Era 4: 2014-2019).

Results

Between Era 1 and Era 4, there was an increase in thoracic surgery experience (37.6 ± 1.03 vs 39.3 ± .64; P = .006). The mean total thoracic experience for thoracoscopic, open, and cardiac procedures was 12.89 ± 3.76, 20.09 ± 2.33, and 4.98 ± 1.28, respectively. There was a difference between Era 1 and Era 4 in thoracoscopic (8.78 ± .961 vs 17.18 ± .75; P < .001) and open thoracic experience (22 ± .97 vs 17.06 ± .88; P < .001), and a decrease in thoracic trauma procedures (3.7 ± .06 vs 3.2 ± .32; P = .03).

Discussion

Over twenty years there has been a similar, to slight increase in thoracic surgery exposure among general surgery residents. The changes seen in thoracic surgery training reflect the overall movement of surgery towards minimally invasive surgery.
Changing the Playing Field: A Prehospital Blood Product Pilot Project in Rural North Georgia
Authors: Creel Nathan , Gibson Jesse , Gibson Kyle , Shirley Lissa , Richart Charles
Published: February 2023

Background

In Georgia, the paramedic’s scope of practice prohibited the initiation of blood products. Due to the rural landscape in Georgia, one region’s Regional Trauma Advisory Committee (RTAC) advocated expanding the scope of practice for Georgia’s paramedics to allow them to initiate blood products in the prehospital environment. This study evaluated the safety and feasibility of allowing paramedics to initiate blood products for hemorrhaging patients utilizing a regionally established prehospital blood pilot program.

Materials and Methods

Approval was obtained from the state medical directors and the Office of EMS and Trauma. The project team addressed product selection, equipment, prehospital service selection, education, policies and procedures, monitoring, and performance improvement. Four EMS services were identified to participate. Liquid plasma was selected due to cost and availability. Equipment was secured for blood storage and temperature monitoring to ensure the hospital’s blood bank could maintain standards for exchange. A transfusion guideline was created, an administrative policy was developed, and an education plan was developed. A process with the trauma center’s blood bank was also instituted to minimize waste and reduce costs.

Results and Discussion

The pilot project began in spring of 2020, and as of January 2023, there have been 100 field initiations and no adverse effects, demonstrating the safety of paramedics to initiate blood products in the field. A post-licensure skill for paramedics is now available in Georgia for the initiation of blood products. The repeatability of a similar project depends on the resources available, the stakeholder commitment, and the partnerships across disciplines.
Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score Predicted High-Grade Intracoronary Thrombus in Acute Anterior Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Zehir Regayip , Yılmaz Ahmet Seyda , Çırakoğlu Ömer Faruk , Kahraman Fatih , Duman Hakan
Published: February 2023

High-grade intracoronary thrombus (ICT) burden leads to greater myocardial injury following anterior myocardial infarction (MI). The modified Glasgow prohgnostic score (mGPS) is a novel immune-inflammatory index, calculated by using C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin levels, was shown to have prognostic value in heart diseases. The present study investigated the role of mGPS in predicting high grade ICT in patients with acute anterior MI admitted between February 2017 and March 2020. Blood samples were obtained at admission and mGPS was calculated. The ICT burden was evaluated visually from angiographic images. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the ICT burden as high and low. A total of 1132 patients were enrolled: a mean age 61 ± 12.4 years and 370 males (32.7%). Serum albumin was lower, whereas mGPS and CRP were higher in high grade ICT group. CRP (odds ratio (OR): 1.404 95% CI: 1.312–1.502; P < .001), albumin (OR: .486; 95% CI: .301–.782 P < .001), and mGPS (0 vs ≥ 1) (OR: 7.391; 95% CI: 3.910–13.972; P < .001) were independent predictors of high-grade ICT burden in the left anterior descending coronary artery. The mGPS is a novel predictor of high-grade ICT burden and may be useful for risk stratification in patients with acute anterior MI.
Meta-analysis on the Effectiveness of ECG Screening for Conditions Related to Sudden Cardiac Death in Young Athletes
Authors: Goff Nicolas K. , Hutchinson Alexander , Koek Wouter , Kamat Deepak
Published: February 2023

Controversy exists over the use of electrocardiograms (ECGs) in sports pre-participation screening. We performed a meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness of history and physical examination (H&P) with ECG at detecting both cardiac disease and sudden cardiac death–associated conditions (SCD-AC). Pre-participation studies published from 2015 to 2020 with athletes 10 to 35 years old were included. This yielded 28 011 athletes screened and 124 cardiac diagnoses, 103 of which were SCD-AC. A meta-analysis of log odds ratios (ORs) was conducted using a random-effects model. The ORs for the association between H&P and detecting both cardiac disease and SCD-AC were not statistically significant (OR = 3.4, P = .076; OR = 2.9, P = .078). The ORs for the association between ECG and detecting both cardiac disease and SCD-AC were statistically significant (60, P < .001; 148, P < .0001). In conclusion, the odds of detecting both cardiac disease and conditions related to SCD with ECG are greater than with H&P during sports pre-participation screening.
Screening of Swallowing and Feeding-Related Problems in Typically Developing Children
Authors: Serel-Arslan Selen , Elmalı Yağmur , Harmancı Özden , Yılmaz Abdullah Yiğit
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study was to define swallowing and feeding-related problems among typically developing children aged between 2 and 6 years. The presence of food selectivity, limited appetite, chewing dysfunction, and dysphagia signs was questioned and scored as “absent” or “present” according to parent report. Children were divided into 2 groups: children with swallowing and feeding disorders and children without swallowing and feeding disorders. The Turkish version of the Behavioral Pediatrics Feeding Assessment Scale (T-BPFAS) was used to evaluate feeding behaviors of children, and Turkish version of the Feeding/Swallowing Impact Survey (T-FS-IS) was used to measure the impact on caregivers. A total of 234 children were included. Food selectivity was defined in 62.4% (n = 146), limited appetite in 26.9% (n = 63), and chewing dysfunction in 7.3% (n = 17). The most common dysphagia-related sign was coughing. There were significant differences between groups in terms of both T-BPFAS and T-FS-IS ( P < .001). In conclusion, children with typical development have experienced a wide range of swallowing and feeding-related problems, which have an impact on mothers’ perceptions regarding feeding and their quality of life.
Correcting for Extreme Response Style: Model Choice Matters
Authors: Schoenmakers Martijn , Tijmstra Jesper , Vermunt Jeroen , Bolsinova Maria
Published: February 2023

Extreme response style (ERS), the tendency of participants to select extreme item categories regardless of the item content, has frequently been found to decrease the validity of Likert-type questionnaire results. For this reason, various item response theory (IRT) models have been proposed to model ERS and correct for it. Comparisons of these models are however rare in the literature, especially in the context of cross-cultural comparisons, where ERS is even more relevant due to cultural differences between groups. To remedy this issue, the current article examines two frequently used IRT models that can be estimated using standard software: a multidimensional nominal response model (MNRM) and a IRTree model. Studying conceptual differences between these models reveals that they differ substantially in their conceptualization of ERS. These differences result in different category probabilities between the models. To evaluate the impact of these differences in a multigroup context, a simulation study is conducted. Our results show that when the groups differ in their average ERS, the IRTree model and MNRM can drastically differ in their conclusions about the size and presence of differences in the substantive trait between these groups. An empirical example is given and implications for the future use of both models and the conceptualization of ERS are discussed.
The Experience of Limited Access to Care for Community-Based Patients With Spinal Cord Injury and Stroke in Nepal and the Potential of Telerehabilitation: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Baniya Mandira , Rana Chanda , Dhakal Raju , Makower Sophie G , Halpin Stephen J , Hariharan Ram , Sivan Manoj , Allsop Matthew J
Published: February 2023

This study explores the experiences of care received and management of disability for individuals with spinal cord injury and stroke following discharge from a specialty rehabilitation center, alongside perspectives on the potential role of telerehabilitation. We employed qualitative in-depth face-to-face interviews with patients who had accessed and been discharged from a specialist rehabilitation center in Nepal were used. Interviews sought perspectives of adjusting to, living with, and managing disability alongside the potential role of telerehabilitation in the community setting. Inductive thematic analysis was used to derive themes. A total of 17 participants with spinal cord injuries or stroke were interviewed. Four generated themes included: (i) Difficulties accessing support and perceived mismanagement following initial neurological injury; (ii) Realizing the magnitude and impact of an injury in the absence of clear routes to support; (iii) A multi-faceted symptom burden and its impact; and (iv) The nature and types of interaction with health professionals post-discharge and the potential role of telerehabilitation. We detail accounts of suspended periods with minimal or no support provided from healthcare providers for people with spinal cord injury and stroke following initial acute management. Telerehabilitation could be a worthwhile approach to enhance access to rehabilitation in the community setting but must accompany national efforts to enhance the provision of specialist rehabilitation.
Correlation Between Ontological Insecurity and Daily Epidemic Prevention Behavior Among Inpatients During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Shi Huanhuan , Tung Tao-Hsin , Zhang Mei-xian , Luo Chengwen , Chen Haixiao , Wang Weizhen
Published: February 2023

This study evaluates inpatients’ ontological insecurity and daily epidemic prevention behavior during the pandemic and explores the factors influencing daily epidemic prevention behaviors. The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in December 2019 caused a global public health crisis that has affected the very structure of society and the order of daily life. Ontological security is the ability to predict the impact of changes in social environments on personal security, such as during the pandemic. A cross-sectional study was used to collect data from 1185 inpatients of a hospital in Zhejiang, China, from July 11 to August 9, 2021. Our questionnaire recorded information on demographics, ontological insecurity, and daily epidemic prevention behaviors. The Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Spearman’s correlation analysis, and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the influencing factors of daily epidemic prevention behavior on ontological security. Results showed a negative correlation between inpatients’ ontological insecurity and daily epidemic prevention behavior (r = −.253, P < .001). The logistic regression analysis showed that the independent factors affecting daily epidemic prevention behavior include ontological insecurity (OR: 0.952; 95% CI: 0.937-0.968) ( P < .001), sex (OR: 1.292; 95% CI: 1.004-1.663), age (OR: 0.880; 95%: 0.790-0.980), education (OR: 1.307; 95% CI: 1.098-1.556), and occupation [famers vs civil servants, staff or professional (OR: 0.596; 95% CI: 0.374-0.949),other versus civil servants, staff, or professional (OR: 0.693; 95% CI: 0.503-0.953)] ( P < .05). Inpatients were shown to have good ontological security during the COVID-19 epidemic, younger patients, female patients, patients with stronger ontological security, patients with a higher educational level, and those who work in a fixed unit or organization showed higher levels of daily epidemic prevention behavior. Hospital managers should strengthen the intervention management of epidemic prevention behavior based on patient characteristics.
Federal Charities Law and the Taxation Power: Three Constitutional Problems
Authors: Aroney Nicholas
Published: February 2023

The Australian Charities and Not-for-Profits Commission Act 2012 and Australian Charities and Not-for-Profits Commission Regulation 2013 have established a comprehensive regulatory framework for the charities and not-for-profit sector at a federal level. When making the Act and Regulation the Commonwealth relied upon several heads of legislative power in section 51 of the Constitution, the most important of which is the taxation power. This article develops and assesses three arguments why the relevant provisions of the legislative scheme are not supported by the taxation power. These arguments are, firstly, that the Act and Regulations do not have a sufficient connection to the subject matter of taxation, secondly, that they are not reasonably capable of being considered appropriate and adapted to achieving a legitimate purpose or object that falls within the taxation power and, thirdly, that in combination with the Income Tax Act 1986 and Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, they impose an obligation to pay money in a manner that is so arbitrary that they cannot be characterised as laws with respect to the subject matter of taxation. It is concluded that these three lines of argument provide strong reasons why the Act and Regulations are not supported by the taxation power.
Twenty-First-Century Political Theory: A Balance
Authors: Beck Humberto
Published: February 2023

This essay is part of a special issue celebrating 50 years of Political Theory. The ambition of the editors was to mark this half century not with a retrospective but with a confabulation of futures. Contributors were asked: What will political theory look and sound like in the next century and beyond? What claims might political theorists or their descendants be making in ten, twenty-five, fifty, a hundred years’ time? How might they vindicate those claims in their future contexts? How will the consistent concerns of political theorists evolve into the questions critical for people decades or centuries from now? What new problems will engage the political theorists (or their rough equivalents) of the future? What forms might those take? What follows is one of the many confabulations published in response to these queries.