bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Care Navigation for Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Losina Elena , Collins Jamie E. , Wright John , Daigle Meghan E. , Donnell‐Fink Laurel A. , Strnad Doris , Usiskin Ilana M. , Yang Heidi Y. , Lerner Vladislav , Katz Jeffrey N.
Published: December 2015

Objective

To establish the efficacy of motivational interviewing–based postoperative care navigation in improving functional status after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and to identify subgroups likely to benefit from the intervention.

Methods

We conducted a parallel randomized controlled trial in TKA recipients with 2 arms: postoperative care with frequent followup by a care navigator or usual care. The primary outcome was the difference between the arms in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index function score change, over 6 months postsurgery. We performed a preplanned subgroup analysis of differential efficacy by obesity and exploratory subgroup analyses on sex and pain catastrophizing.

Results

We enrolled 308 subjects undergoing TKA for osteoarthritis. Mean ± SD preoperative function score was 41 ± 17 (0–100 scale, where 100 = worst function). At 6 months, subjects in the navigation arm improved by mean ± SD 30 ± 16 points compared to 27 ± 18 points in the usual‐care arm (P = 0.148). Participants with moderate to high levels of pain catastrophizing were unlikely to benefit from navigation compared to those with lower levels of pain catastrophizing (P = 0.013 for interaction).

Conclusion

Subjects assigned to the navigation intervention did not demonstrate greater functional improvement compared to those in the control group. The negative overall result could be explained by the large effect on functional improvement of TKA itself compared to the smaller, additional benefit from care navigation, as well as by potential differential effects for subjects with moderate to high degrees of pain catastrophizing. Greater focus on developing programs for reducing pain catastrophizing could lead to better functional outcomes following TKA.
Corrosion‐Induced Strengthening: Development of High‐Strength Nanoporous Metals
Authors: Ye Xing‐Long , Jin Hai‐Jun
Published: December 2015

Replacing parts of a solid with voids usually weakens a material. Here, we report that a material (Au–Pt–Ag alloy) becomes stronger by 7 times, its strength increases from 50 to 345 MPa, when ≈40% of solids (Ag) is dissolved and replaced by pores during dealloying. The corrosion‐induced strengthening originates from the formation of nanoporous structure, and the high strength of nanoscale ligaments due to size effect. The results also suggest that the connectivity of nanoporous structure decreases during coarsening, leading to additional decreases in strength and stiffness, which may explain the unexpected low strength and stiffness of previously reported nanoporous gold.
Directed Motility of Hygroresponsive Biomimetic Actuators
Authors: Zhang Lidong , Chizhik Stanislav , Wen Yunze , Naumov Panče
Published: December 2015

The capability of cellulose microfibrils to elicit directionality by anisotropically restricting the deformation of amorphous biogenic matrices is central to the motility of many plants as motoric and shape‐restoring elements. Herein, an approach is described to control directionality of artificial composite actuators that mimic the hygroinduced motion of composite plant tissues such as the opening of seed pods, winding of plant tendrils, and burial of seed awns. The actuators are designed as bilayer structures where single or double networks of buried parallel glass fibers reinforce the composite. By anisotropically restricting the expansion along certain directions they also effectively direct the mechanical reconfiguration, thereby determining the mechanical effect. A mathematical model is developed to quantify the kinematic response of fiber‐reinforced actuators. Within a broader context, the results of this study provide means for control over mechanical deformation of artificial dynamic elements that mimic the oriented fibrous architectures in biogenic motoric elements.
Molecularly imprinted polymer prepared by Pickering emulsion polymerization for removal of acephate residues from contaminated waters
Authors: Luo Xiaoping , Li Changzheng , Duan Yuqing , Zhang Haihui , Zhang Di , Zhang Can , Sun Guibo , Sun Xiaobo
Published: December 2015

A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) prepared with Pickering emulsion polymerization was designed by a computational approach for removal of acephate from aqueous solution. Methacrylic acid, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and chloroform were screened as the optimal functional monomer, crosslinker, and porogen by the Gaussian 03 package using the density functional theory method. The polymerization was carried out in an oil‐in‐water emulsion using nano‐SiO2 particles as stabilizer instead of a toxic surfactant. The characterization results indicated that the prepared MIP had a porous and hollow core, and the particle size was approximately 20 μm. The binding and recognition abilities of MIP for acephate were studied through equilibrium adsorption analysis and selectivity analysis. The results showed that the MIP had high binding capacity and excellent selectivity for acephate. The saturated binding amount could reach 6.59 × 103 μg/g. The Langmuir isotherm model gave a good fit to the experimental data. Moreover, the results of a reusability analysis and practical application suggested that the prepared MIP provides the potential for removal of acephate residues from aqueous solution. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43126.
Genome‐Wide DNA Methylation Study Identifies Significant Epigenomic Changes in Osteoarthritic Subchondral Bone and Similarity to Overlying Cartilage
Authors: Jeffries Matlock A. , Donica Madison , Baker Lyle W. , Stevenson Michael E. , Annan Anand C. , Beth Humphrey Mary , James Judith A. , Sawalha Amr H.
Published: December 2015

Objective

To perform a genome‐wide DNA methylation study to identify differential DNA methylation patterns in subchondral bone underlying eroded and intact cartilage from patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA) and to compare these with DNA methylation patterns in overlying cartilage.

Methods

Genome‐wide DNA methylation profiling using Illumina HumanMethylation 450 arrays was performed on eroded and intact cartilage and subchondral bone from within the same joint of 12 patients undergoing hip arthroplasty. Genes with differentially methylated CpG sites were analyzed to identify shared pathways, upstream regulators, and overrepresented gene ontologies, and these patterns were compared with those of the overlying cartilage. Histopathology was graded by modified Mankin score and assessed for correlation with DNA methylation.

Results

We identified 7,316 differentially methylated CpG sites in subchondral bone underlying eroded cartilage, most of which (∼75%) were hypomethylated, and 1,397 sites in overlying eroded cartilage, 126 of which were shared. Samples clustered into 3 groups with distinct histopathologic scores. We observed differential DNA methylation of genes including the RNA interference–processing gene AGO2, the growth factor TGFB3, the OA suppressor NFATC1, and the epigenetic effector HDAC4. Among known susceptibility genes in OA, 32 were differentially methylated in subchondral bone, 8 were differentially methylated in cartilage, and 5 were shared. Upstream regulator analysis using differentially methylated genes in OA subchondral bone showed a strong transforming growth factor β1 signature (P = 1 × 10−40) and a tumor necrosis factor family signature (P = 3.2 × 10−28), among others.

Conclusion

Our data suggest the presence of an epigenetic phenotype associated with eroded OA subchondral bone that is similar to that of overlying eroded OA cartilage.
Correlation between resting state fMRI total neuronal activity and PET metabolism in healthy controls and patients with disorders of consciousness
Authors: Soddu Andrea , Gómez Francisco , Heine Lizette , Di Perri Carol , Bahri Mohamed Ali , Voss Henning U. , Bruno Marie‐Aurélie , Vanhaudenhuyse Audrey , Phillips Christophe , Demertzi Athena , Chatelle Camille , Schrouff Jessica , Thibaut Aurore , Charland‐Verville Vanessa , Noirhomme Quentin , Salmon Eric , Tshibanda Jean‐Flory Luaba , Schiff Nicholas D. , Laureys Steven
Published: December 2015

Introduction

The mildly invasive 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) is a well‐established imaging technique to measure ‘resting state’ cerebral metabolism. This technique made it possible to assess changes in metabolic activity in clinical applications, such as the study of severe brain injury and disorders of consciousness.

Objective

We assessed the possibility of creating functional MRI activity maps, which could estimate the relative levels of activity in FDG‐PET cerebral metabolic maps. If no metabolic absolute measures can be extracted, our approach may still be of clinical use in centers without access to FDG‐PET. It also overcomes the problem of recognizing individual networks of independent component selection in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) resting state analysis.

Methods

We extracted resting state fMRI functional connectivity maps using independent component analysis and combined only components of neuronal origin. To assess neuronality of components a classification based on support vector machine (SVM) was used. We compared the generated maps with the FDG‐PET maps in 16 healthy controls, 11 vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome patients and four locked‐in patients.

Results

The results show a significant similarity with ρ = 0.75 ± 0.05 for healthy controls and ρ = 0.58 ± 0.09 for vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome patients between the FDG‐PET and the fMRI based maps. FDG‐PET, fMRI neuronal maps, and the conjunction analysis show decreases in frontoparietal and medial regions in vegetative patients with respect to controls. Subsequent analysis in locked‐in syndrome patients produced also consistent maps with healthy controls.

Conclusions

The constructed resting state fMRI functional connectivity map points toward the possibility for fMRI resting state to estimate relative levels of activity in a metabolic map.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 protein is overexpressed in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Koole Koos , van Kempen Pauline M. W. , Swartz Justin E. , Peeters Ton , van Diest Paul J. , Koole Ron , van Es Robert J. J. , Willems Stefan M.
Published: December 2015

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase family. It has been identified as a promising therapeutic target in multiple types of cancer. We have investigated FGFR3 protein expression and FGFR3 gene copy‐numbers in a single well‐documented cohort of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Tissue microarray sets containing 452 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues were immunohistochemically stained with an anti‐FGFR3 antibody and hybridized with a FGFR3 fluorescence in situ hybridization probe. FGFR3 protein expression was correlated with clinicopathological and survival data, which were retrieved from electronic medical records. FGFR3 mRNA data of 522 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) protein was overexpressed in 48% (89/185) of oral and 59% (124/211) of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Overexpression of FGFR3 protein was not related to overall survival or disease‐free survival in oral (HR[hazard ratio]: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.64–1.39; P = 0.77, HR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.65–1.36; P = 0.75) and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HR: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.81–1.80; P = 0.36, HR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.79–1.77; P = 0.42). FGFR3 mRNA was upregulated in 3% (18/522) of HNSCC from the TCGA. The FGFR3 gene was gained in 0.6% (1/179) of oral squamous cell carcinoma but no amplification was found in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. In conclusion, FGFR3 protein is frequently overexpressed in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, it may serve as a potential therapeutic target for FGFR3‐directed therapies in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
An elderly female with rib osteolytic lesion after recovery from fulminant liver failure induced by acute‐onset autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Tanaka Hiroto , Sasaki Hideyuki , Arita Mikio
Published: December 2015

Key Clinical Message

This report highlights an interesting case of an osteolytic lesion (actinomycosis) after fulminant liver failure induced by autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). When treating patients with fulminant liver failure due to AIH using immunosuppressive drugs, such as steroids, the possibility of such rare occurrences should be kept in mind.
A rare case of orthostatic headache due to spontaneous intracranial hypotension
Authors: Arshed Sabrina , Enakuaa Souad , Nai Qiang , Hossain Mohammad Amir , Tulpule Sunil , Yousif Abdalla
Published: December 2015

Key Clinical Message

Headache is one of the most common clinical entities, and has a long list of differential diagnoses; however, one of the more uncommon causes of postural headache is spontaneous intracranial hypotension. It is important that clinicians be aware of this condition, as it is often overlooked, leading to invasive and unnecessary diagnostic testing. A good history and physical exam, paired with an MRI of the brain is sufficient to make the diagnosis of SIH, relieve the symptomology of the patient in a quick and efficient manner, and avoid costly invasive procedures.
Olefin‐Directed Palladium‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Stereoselective Hydroboration of Allenes
Authors: Zhu Can , Yang Bin , Qiu Youai , Bäckvall Jan‐E.
Published: December 2015

An olefin‐directed palladium‐catalyzed regio‐ and stereoselective hydroboration of allenes has been developed to afford fully substituted alkenylboron compounds. The reaction showed a broad substrate scope: a number of functionalized allenes, including 2,3‐dienoate, 3,4‐dienoate, 3,4‐dienol, 1,2‐allenylphosphonate, and alkyl‐substituted allenes, could be used in this olefin‐directed allene hydroboration. The olefin unit was proven to be an indispensable element for this transformation.
Electrical and Plasmonic Properties of Ligand‐Free Sn4+‐Doped In2O3 (ITO) Nanocrystals
Authors: Jagadeeswararao Metikoti , Pal Somnath , Nag Angshuman , Sarma D. D.
Published: December 2015

Sn4+‐doped In2O3 (ITO) is a benchmark transparent conducting oxide material. We prepared ligand‐free but colloidal ITO (8 nm, 10 % Sn4+) nanocrystals (NCs) by using a post‐synthesis surface‐modification reaction. (CH3)3OBF4 removes the native oleylamine ligand from NC surfaces to give ligand‐free, positively charged NCs that form a colloidal dispersion in polar solvents. Both oleylamine‐capped and ligand‐free ITO NCs exhibit intense absorption peaks, due to localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) at around λ=1950 nm. Compared with oleylamine‐capped NCs, the electrical resistivity of ligand‐free ITO NCs is lower by an order of magnitude (≈35 mΩ cm−1). Resistivity over a wide range of temperatures can be consistently described as a composite of metallic ITO grains embedded in an insulating matrix by using a simple equivalent circuit, which provides an insight into the conduction mechanism in these systems.
Effect of oral fluids on dental caries detection by the VistaCam
Authors: Shakibaie Fardad , Walsh Laurence J
Published: December 2015

The VistaCam® system (Durr Dental, Bietigheim‐Bissingen, Germany) has been suggested as an adjunct to clinical examination for dental caries. This study assessed whether the digital scores obtained for tooth surfaces were affected by the colour of the carious lesions present and by the presence of saliva or blood on the tooth surface. The VistaCam intra‐oral ries, or with sound enamel and root surfaces, with or without overlying dental plaque biofilm. Teeth that had undergone root treatment or were stained by tetracycline were also assessed. Readings were taken in the dry state and after application of human stimulated saliva or venous blood onto the surface of the samples. VistaCam fluorescence scores for all samples were similar in the dry state, and when covered with saliva (P > 0.05), however a coating of dilute blood elevated the readings for most samples to a high level (P < 0.01), other than tetracycline stained teeth and dental caries (P > 0.05). Readings for healthy enamel were 0.9–1.1, and these increased up to 2.8 in the presence of blood. VistaCam fluorescence scores are not affected by dryness or moisture from the presence of saliva but increase when traces of blood are present. This problem needs to be taken into account when the device is used clinically, because blood from the gingival crevice is a common contaminant of tooth surfaces when patients have widespread gingival inflammation. There are also issues with elevated scores from background fluorescence from tetracyclines, which need to be considered when the system is in clinical use.
Loss of control eating in adolescents from the community
Authors: Schlüter Nora , Schmidt Ricarda , Kittel Rebekka , Tetzlaff Anne , Hilbert Anja
Published: December 2015

Objective

Loss of control (LOC) eating is a salient indicator of eating disorder psychopathology in adolescents and is associated with marked distress. While research has focused on the relevance of episode size, clinical significance of LOC eating frequency has rarely been explored. Therefore, this study aimed at identifying LOC eating prevalence with respect to its recurrence and associated variables in a community‐based sample.

Method

Participants were 1,643 adolescents, aged 12–20 years (62.4% female). Based on EDE‐Q self‐report, participants were categorized as those reporting recurrent (N = 156; 9.5%), nonrecurrent (N = 226; 13.8%), and no LOC eating (N = 1261; 76.7%).

Results

Adolescents with recurrent LOC eating reported clinically relevant and significantly greater eating disorder psychopathology, functional impairment, and distress because of LOC eating, and a significantly higher body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) than adolescents with nonrecurrent and those without LOC eating.

Discussion

These results underline that LOC eating is a common eating behavior among adolescents in the community associated with clinical characteristics of eating disorders, and could therefore be a risk factor for developing full‐ or partial‐syndrome eating disorders. Further research on the classification of eating disorders in adolescents with LOC eating and severity indicators is warranted. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:413–420).
Effects of ambient noise on detectability and localization of avian songs and tones by observers in grasslands
Authors: Koper Nicola , Leston Lionel , Baker Tyne M. , Curry Claire , Rosa Patricia
Published: December 2015

Probability of detection and accuracy of distance estimates in aural avian surveys may be affected by the presence of anthropogenic noise, and this may lead to inaccurate evaluations of the effects of noisy infrastructure on wildlife. We used arrays of speakers broadcasting recordings of grassland bird songs and pure tones to assess the probability of detection, and localization accuracy, by observers at sites with and without noisy oil and gas infrastructure in south‐central Alberta from 2012 to 2014. Probability of detection varied with species and with speaker distance from transect line, but there were few effects of noisy infrastructure. Accuracy of distance estimates for songs and tones decreased as distance to observer increased, and distance estimation error was higher for tones at sites with infrastructure noise. Our results suggest that quiet to moderately loud anthropogenic noise may not mask detection of bird songs; however, errors in distance estimates during aural surveys may lead to inaccurate estimates of avian densities calculated using distance sampling. We recommend caution when applying distance sampling if most birds are unseen, and where ambient noise varies among treatments.
Genotype‐environment associations support a mosaic hybrid zone between two tidal marsh birds
Authors: Walsh Jennifer , Rowe Rebecca J. , Olsen Brian J. , Shriver W. Gregory , Kovach Adrienne I.
Published: December 2015

Local environmental features can shape hybrid zone dynamics when hybrids are bounded by ecotones or when patchily distributed habitat types lead to a corresponding mosaic of genotypes. We investigated the role of marsh‐level characteristics in shaping a hybrid zone between two recently diverged avian taxa – Saltmarsh (Ammodramus caudacutus) and Nelson's (A. nelsoni) sparrows. These species occupy different niches where allopatric, withcaudacutusrestricted to coastal marshes andnelsonifound in a broader array of wetland and grassland habitats and co‐occur in tidal marshes in sympatry. We determined the influence of habitat types on the distribution of pure and hybrid sparrows and assessed the degree of overlap in the ecological niche of each taxon. To do this, we sampled and genotyped 305 sparrows from 34 marshes across the hybrid zone and from adjacent regions. We used linear regression to test for associations between marsh characteristics and the distribution of pure and admixed sparrows. We found a positive correlation between genotype and environmental variables with a patchy distribution of genotypes and habitats across the hybrid zone. Ecological niche models suggest that the hybrid niche was more similar to that ofA. nelsoniand habitat suitability was influenced strongly by distance from coastline. Our results support a mosaic model of hybrid zone maintenance, suggesting a role for local environmental features in shaping the distribution and frequency of pure species and hybrids across space.
In vivo activation of Treg cells with a CD28 superagonist prevents and ameliorates chronic destructive arthritis in mice
Authors: Win Stephanie J. , Kühl Anja A. , Sparwasser Tim , Hünig Thomas , Kamradt Thomas
Published: December 2015

Although regulatory T (Treg) cells are necessary to prevent autoimmune diseases, including arthritis, whether Treg cells can ameliorate established inflammatory disease is controversial. Using the glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase (G6PI)‐induced arthritis model in mice, we aimed to determine the therapeutic efficacy of increasing Treg cell number and function during chronic destructive arthritis. Chronic destructive arthritis was induced by transient depletion of Treg cells prior to immunization with G6PI. At different time points after disease induction, mice were treated with a CD28 superagonistic antibody (CD28SA). CD28SA treatment during the induction phase of arthritis ameliorated the acute signs of arthritis and completely prevented the development of chronic destructive arthritis. CD28SA treatment of mice with fully developed arthritis induced a significant reduction in clinical and histological signs of arthritis. When given during the chronic destructive phase of arthritis, 56 days after disease induction, CD28SA treatment resulted in a modest reduction of clinical signs of arthritis and a reduction in histopathological signs of joint inflammation. Our data show that increasing the number and activation of Treg cells by a CD28SA is therapeutically effective in experimental arthritis.
Landslide distribution and size in response to Quaternary fault activity: the Peloritani Range, NE Sicily, Italy
Authors: Bucci Francesco , Santangelo Michele , Cardinali Mauro , Fiorucci Federica , Guzzetti Fausto
Published: December 2015

Landslides contribute to dismantle active mountain ranges and faults control the location of landslides. Yet, evidence of the long‐term, regional dependency of landslides on active faults is limited. Previous studies focused on the transient effects of earthquakes on slope stability in compressive and transcurrent regimes. Here we show that in the Peloritani range, NE Sicily, Italy, one of the fastest uplifting areas in the Mediterranean, a clear geographical association exists between large bedrock landslides and active normal faults of the Messina Straits graben. By interpreting aerial photographs, we mapped 1590 landslides and sackungs and 626 fault elements and their facets in a 300 km2 area in the eastern part of the range. We used the new landslide and fault information, in combination with prior geological and seismic information, to investigate the association between bedrock landslides and faults. We find that the distribution and abundance of landslides is related to the presence of large active normal faults, and matches the pattern of the local historical seismicity. Landslide material is more abundant along the East Peloritani Fault System where the long‐term activity of the faults, measured by the average yearly geological moment rate, is larger than in the West Peloritani Fault System where landslides are less abundant. Along the fault systems landslide material concentrates where the cumulated fault throws are largest. We conclude that large landslides and their cumulated volume are sensitive to local rates of tectonic deformation, and discriminate the deformation of the single fault segments that dissect the Peloritani range. Our findings are a direct test of landscape evolution models that predict higher rates of landslide activity near active faults. Our work opens up the possibility of exploiting accurate landslide and fault maps, in combination with geological and seismic information, to characterize the long‐term seismic history of poorly instrumented active regions. © 2015 The Authors Earth Surface Processes and Landforms Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Cloud‐aware power control for real‐time application offloading in mobile edge computing
Authors: Mach P. , Becvar Z.
Published: December 2015

Running computationally demanding real‐time applications at the mobile user equipment (UE) is complicated because of limited battery life time of the UEs. One solution is to offload demanding computing tasks to a centralized cloud. Nevertheless, this option introduces significant delay consisting in delivery of the offloaded tasks to the cloud and back. Such delay is inconvenient for real‐time applications. To cope with high delay, a concept of mobile edge computing has been introduced. The feasible way enabling mobile edge computing is to enhance the small cell base stations (SCeNBs) with computing capabilities. However, a high density of the SCeNBs together with even low mobility of users can result in often outage situation or handover when delay sensitive data cannot be delivered from the computing SCeNBs in time and become irrelevant. In this paper, we propose distributed cloud‐aware power control algorithm, which targets to increase the ratio of delivery of computation results to the UE within required delay. Then, we enhance cloud‐aware power control by adaptive algorithm. This algorithm exploits iterative process to find appropriate time when the power control is triggered in order to further improve the performance of the cloud‐aware power control. The simulations demonstrate notable increase in the ratio of delivered offloaded tasks from the computing SCeNBs comparing with competitive schemes. At the same time, the amount of served data to the users exploiting common, non‐cloud, services is increased. As the proposed solution is distributed, related signaling overhead is negligible. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neural stem/progenitor cells differentiate into oligodendrocytes, reduce inflammation, and ameliorate learning deficits after transplantation in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Koutsoudaki Paraskevi N. , Papastefanaki Florentia , Stamatakis Antonios , Kouroupi Georgia , Xingi Evangelia , Stylianopoulou Fotini , Matsas Rebecca
Published: December 2015

The central nervous system has limited capacity for regeneration after traumatic injury. Transplantation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) has been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach while insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) has neuroprotective properties following various experimental insults to the nervous system. We have previously shown that NPCs transduced with a lentiviral vector for IGF‐I overexpression have an enhanced ability to give rise to neurons in vitro but also in vivo, upon transplantation in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Here we studied the regenerative potential of NPCs, IGF‐I‐transduced or not, in a mouse model of hippocampal mechanical injury. NPC transplantation, with or without IGF‐I transduction, rescued the injury‐induced spatial learning deficits as revealed in the Morris Water Maze. Moreover, it had beneficial effects on the host tissue by reducing astroglial activation and microglial/macrophage accumulation while enhancing generation of endogenous oligodendrocyte precursor cells. One or two months after transplantation the grafted NPCs had migrated towards the lesion site and in the neighboring myelin‐rich regions. Transplanted cells differentiated toward the oligodendroglial, but not the neuronal or astrocytic lineages, expressing the early and late oligodendrocyte markers NG2, Olig2, and CNPase. The newly generated oligodendrocytes reached maturity and formed myelin internodes. Our current and previous observations illustrate the high plasticity of transplanted NPCs which can acquire injury‐dependent phenotypes within the host CNS, supporting the fact that reciprocal interactions between transplanted cells and the host tissue are an important factor to be considered when designing prospective cell‐based therapies for CNS degenerative conditions. GLIA 2016;64:763–779
Cervical lymph node metastases from remote primary tumor sites
Authors: López Fernando , Rodrigo Juan P. , Silver Carl E. , Haigentz Missak , Bishop Justin A. , Strojan Primož , Hartl Dana M. , Bradley Patrick J. , Mendenhall William M. , Suárez Carlos , Takes Robert P. , Hamoir Marc , Robbins K. Thomas , Shaha Ashok R. , Werner Jochen A. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Ferlito Alfio
Published: December 2015

Although most malignant lymphadenopathy in the neck represent lymphomas or metastases from head and neck primary tumors, occasionally, metastatic disease from remote, usually infraclavicular, sites presents as cervical lymphadenopathy with or without an obvious primary tumor. In general, these tumors metastasize to supraclavicular lymph nodes, but occasionally may present at an isolated higher neck level. A search for the primary tumor includes information gained by histology, immunohistochemistry, and evaluation of molecular markers that may be unique to the primary tumor site. In addition, 18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxyglocose positron emission tomography combined with CT (FDG‐PET/CT) has greatly improved the ability to detect the location of an unknown primary tumor, particularly when in a remote location. Although cervical metastatic disease from a remote primary site is often incurable, there are situations in which meaningful survival can be achieved with appropriate local treatment. Management is quite complex and requires a truly multidisciplinary approach. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2374–E2385, 2016
Transoral robotic surgery for early glottic carcinoma involving anterior commissure: Preliminary reports
Authors: Wang Chen‐Chi , Liu Shih‐An , Wu Shang‐Heng , Lin Wen‐Jiun , Jiang Rong‐San , Wang Lily
Published: December 2015

Background

Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for early glottic cancer has been reported, but the issue of anterior commissure involvement has seldom been addressed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to preliminarily report the treatment results of TORS in this disease entity.

Methods

Eight patients with T1 and T2 glottic carcinoma with anterior commissure involvement were selected to receive TORS. The clinical parameters, including rates of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT), survivals, as well as organ and function preservation, were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

TORS was successfully performed in all patients without temporary tracheostomy. There were no major complications and no patient received adjuvant RT to the larynx after surgery. With a mean follow‐up of 40 months, all patients survived with their larynx preserved and no local recurrence, tracheostomy, or tube feeding dependence.

Conclusion

TORS is a feasible approach for selected patients with early T classification glottic carcinoma with anterior commissure involvement. The preliminary oncologic and functional outcomes are satisfactory. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 913–918, 2016
Feasible Approach to Tricyclic and Tetracyclic cyclododecanone
Authors: Zoorob Hanafi H. , Elsherbini Mohamed S. , Hamama Wafaa S.
Published: December 2015

2‐Bromocyclododecanone was utilized as precursor to synthesize polyfused heterocyclic cyclododecane ring systems. Transformation of 2‐bromocyclododecanone (5) with 1H‐benzimidazole‐2‐thiole (6), benzo[d]thiazole‐2‐thiol (9), 2‐naphthol (12), and thiophenol (15) afforded thiazolo[2,3‐b]benzimidazole (8), thiazolo[2,3‐b]benzothaizole derivative (11) naphtho[1,2‐d]furan derivative (14) and 2‐(phenylthio)cyclododecanone (16), respectively.
Synthesis of 10‐substituted 3,6‐Diphenyl‐9‐aryl‐3,4,6,7,9,10‐hexahydro‐acridine‐1,8(2H,5H)‐dione Derivatives and Biological Activities
Authors: Wang Fang‐Ming , Bao Dan , Hu Bing‐Xiang , Zhou Ze‐Yu , Huang Deng‐Deng , Chen Li‐Zhuang , Dan Yuan‐Yuan
Published: December 2015

A series of novel 10‐substituted 3,6‐diphenyl‐9‐aryl‐3,4,6,7,9,10‐hexahydroacridine‐1,8(2H,5H)‐dione derivatives 2 were synthesized by condensation of compounds 1 with amines, which the compounds 1 were synthesized by 5‐phenylcyclohexane‐1,3‐dione and aromatic aldehydes according to Knoevenagel, Michael, and cyclization reactions in the presence of a very small amount of l‐proline as catalyzed at room temperature. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and MS. In addition, the molecular structures of compound 1a have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Synthesis of New Pyrimido[4,5‐e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazine Derivatives via S/N Smiles Rearrangement
Authors: Ebrahimpour Zahra , Shiri Ali , Bakavoli Mehdi , Seyedi Seyed Mohammad , Asghari Tayebe , Mague Joel
Published: December 2015

Several new pyrimido[4,5‐e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazine derivatives (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g) were synthesized through the condensation reaction of 5‐bromo‐4,6‐dichloropyrimidine (1) and 4‐amino‐5‐methyl‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiol (2). The single crystal X‐ray data of one of the derivatives confirmed the occurrence of the S/N type Smiles rearrangement during the course of the reaction.
Synthesis of New Polysubstituted Indolizines from Pyridine, Bromonitromethane, and Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates
Authors: Piltan Mohammad , Kalantari Shahin
Published: December 2015

An efficient and novel approach to the synthesis of dialkyl 1‐nitroindolizine‐2,3‐dicarboxylates has been described. A one‐pot reaction between a pyridine, dialkyl acetylendicarboxylate, and bromonitromethane leads to dialkyl 1‐nitroindolizine‐2,3‐dicarboxylates in good yields.
Green Microwave‐assisted Multicomponent Route to the Formation of 5,8‐Dihydropyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine Skeleton in Aqueous Media
Authors: Saraev Vyacheslav E. , Zviagin Ievgen M. , Melik‐Oganjanyan Rafael G. , Sen'ko Yulia V. , Desenko Sergey M. , Chebanov Valentin A.
Published: December 2015

Three‐component synthesis of 5‐substituted 6‐acetyl‐2‐amino‐7‐methyl‐5,8‐dihydropyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidines was brought to facile energy‐efficient and environmental‐friendly conditions using multicomponent reaction, microwave field as an activation method and hot water as a solvent. A series of the target compounds was synthesized using the developed procedure.
Acceleration of skeletal age MR examination using compressed sensing
Authors: Terada Yasuhiko , Tamada Daiki , Kose Katsumi , Nozaki Taiki , Kaneko Yasuhito , Miyagi Ryo , Yoshioka Hiroshi
Published: December 2015

Purpose

To examine the feasibility of accelerating magnetic resonance (MR) image acquisition for children using compressed sensing (CS). Skeletal age assessment using MRI sometimes suffers from motion artifacts because of the long scan time in children. Reducing image acquisition time may provide benefits by reducing motion artifacts, increasing efficiency of examination, and creating a stress‐free environment.

Materials and Methods

Undersampling patterns for CS were optimized and CS‐based examination with the acceleration factors of 3 (CS3, 55 seconds per scan) and 4 (CS4, 41 seconds per scan) was performed for 59 subjects (35 boys and 24 girls; mean age, 9.1 years; age range, 4.4–15.3 years) using a 0.3T scanner. The skeletal age was assessed by two raters (A and B).

Results

The interrater and intrarater reproducibility in skeletal age assessment was high (Pearson's r = 0.966 [CS3(A1) vs. CS3(A2)], 0.962 [CS4(A1) vs. CS4(A2)], 0.935 [CS3(A1) vs. CS3(B)], and 0.964 [CS4(A1) vs. CS4(B)]; P < 0.001). The errors in skeletal age assessed on the basis of CS‐reconstructed images were similar to those assessed on the basis of fully Nyquist‐sampled images.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate the validity and reliability of skeletal age examination accelerated by CS‐MRI. We conclude that the acceleration factor of 3 was optimal. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:204–211.
Injury response of geriatric mouse patellar tendons
Authors: Mienaltowski Michael J. , Dunkman Andrew A. , Buckley Mark R. , Beason David P. , Adams Sheila M. , Birk David E. , Soslowsky Louis J.
Published: December 2015

Injury adversely impacts the structure and mechanical properties of a tendon, thus causing pain and disability. Previously, we demonstrated that patellar tendons in mature (P150) and aged (P300) mice do not recover original functionality, even 6 weeks after injury, and that uninjured geriatric tendons (P570) are functionally inferior to uninjured mature tendons. In this study, we hypothesized that the repair response in injured geriatric mice would be further compromised, thus undermining patellar tendon function post‐injury. Patellar tendons from wild‐type mice were injured at 540 days. At 3 and 6 weeks post‐surgery, structural, mechanical, and biochemical analyses were performed and compared to uninjured controls. Mechanical properties of geriatric tendons failed to improve after injury. When compared to mature and aged tendons post‐injury, it was determined that at no age was there a suitable repair response. In previous studies, we were able to associate the absence of SLRPs with phenotypic changes both early and late in repair. Here we found that SLRPs were significantly decreased after injury, thus offering a possible explanation for why geriatric tendons were unable to mount an adequate repair response. Thus, we conclude that regardless of age after maturity, tendon healing ultimately results in a substandard outcome. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1256–1263, 2016.
Computerized tomography based 3D modeling of the clavicle
Authors: Lambert Simon , Al‐Hadithy Nawfal , Sewell Mathew David , Hertel Ralph , Südkamp Norbert , Noser Hansrudi , Kamer Lukas
Published: December 2015

Previous studies have suggested clavicular morphology is highly variable, particularly in the lateral retrocurved section. Current clavicle fracture plating systems require three dimensional intra‐operative contouring to achieve adequate fit and necessitate variable soft tissue dissection placing fracture perfusion and muscular attachments at risk. The aim of this study was to search for a surgically relevant superficial shape pattern. This is a retrospective CT‐based analysis of 174 non‐pathological clavicles in 95 adults (45 females, 50 males). Using the principle of cylindrical parameterisation generated 3‐D computer models, we identified an implant preferred pathway (IPP), defined as a continuous linear region where the least possible soft tissue disruption would be necessary for plate fixation. The IPP mean form was within 3.04 mm (SD ± 1.34) on all clavicles. Clavicle length, and not shape, was found to be the biggest variable (correlation between size and form co‐ordinates r = 0.99, p < 0.05), accounting for 79% of overall variability. This length variation was mainly located in the medial antecurved section. Superior convexity and recurvatum were the main shape variables, however they only contributed 8% and 5% to the overall variation, respectively. Three IPP lengths were shown to match all clavicles when aligned at the acromial end first. In contrast to previous studies, we have shown that the IPP is fairly consistent with respect to the general shape with the exception of length variation which mainly affected the medial antecurved section. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1216–1223, 2016.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Future pre‐contoured fracture fixation systems should provide variable length plates with a constant lateral section retrocurve and a variable medial antecurve.
Automated measurement of fracture callus in radiographs using portable software
Authors: Porter Stephen M. , Dailey Hannah L. , Hollar Katherine A. , Klein Karina , Harty James A. , Lujan Trevor J.
Published: December 2015

The development of software applications that assist the radiographic evaluation of fracture healing could advance clinical diagnosis and expedite the identification of effective treatment strategies. A radiographic feature regularly used as an outcome measure for basic and clinical fracture healing research is new bone growth, or fracture callus. In this study, we developed OrthoRead, a portable software application that uses image‐processing algorithms to detect and measure fracture callus in plain radiographs. OrthoRead utilizes an optimal boundary tracking algorithm to semi‐automatically segment the cortical surface, and a novel iterative thresholding selection algorithm to then automatically segment the fracture callus. The software was validated in three steps. First, algorithm accuracy and sensitivity were analyzed using surrogate models with known callus size. Second, the callus area of distal femur fractures measured using OrthoRead was compared to callus area manually outlined by orthopaedic surgeons. Third, the callus area of ovine tibial fractures was measured using OrthoRead and compared to callus volume measured from micro‐CT. The software had less than a 5% error in measuring surrogate callus, and was insensitive to changes in image resolution, image rotation, and the size of the analyzed region of interest. Strong positive correlations existed between OrthoRead and clinicians (R2 = 0.98), and between 2D callus area and 3D callus volume (R2 = 0.70). The average run time for OrthoRead was 3 s when using a 2.7 GHz processor. By being accurate, fast, and robust, OrthoRead can support prospective and retrospective clinical studies investigating implant efficacy, and can assist research on fracture healing mechanobiology. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1224–1233, 2016.
Raman spectroscopic investigations of natural jennite from Maroldsweisach, Bavaria, Germany
Authors: Müller Dirk , Hochleitner Rupert , Fehr Karl Thomas
Published: December 2015

A full‐range pattern (100–3700 cm−1) analysis of natural jennite was performed for the first time by Raman spectroscopy, applying a polarized laser at a wavelength of 532 nm. A prominent structural feature of jennite is the preferred orientation of Si‐tetrahedron and Ca‐octahedron chains parallel [010]. The latter ones are additionally coupled to H2O molecules and OH groups. This arrangement leads to a strong dependence on orientation for the intensity ratios of mainly three different regions in the Raman spectra: 180–210, 950–1050 and 3100–3650 cm−1. These sections can be assigned to Ca–O lattice vibrations, Q2 Si–tetrahedron stretching and O–H vibrations of H2O molecules and Ca–OH structures, respectively. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laser treatment of infantile hemangioma: A systematic review
Authors: Chinnadurai Sivakumar , Sathe Nila A. , Surawicz Tanya
Published: December 2015

Background and Objective

To systematically review studies of laser treatment of infantile hemangioma (IH).

Study Design/Methods and Materials

We searched multiple databases including MEDLINE® and EMBASE from 1982 to June 2015. Two investigators independently screened studies against predetermined criteria and extracted key data. Investigators independently assessed study risk of bias and the strength of the evidence of the body of literature.

Results

We identified 29 studies addressing lasers: 4 randomized controlled trials, 8 retrospective cohort studies, and 17 case series. Lasers varied across studies in type, pulse width, or cooling materials. Most comparative studies (n = 9) assessed variations of pulsed dye laser (PDL) and examined heterogeneous endpoints. Most studies reported on treatment of cutaneous lesions. Overall, longer pulse PDL with epidermal cooling was the most commonly used laser for cutaneous lesions; Nd:YAG was the most commonly used intralesionally. Most studies reported a higher success rate with longer pulse PDL compared with observation in managing the size of IH, although the magnitude of effect differed substantially. CO2 laser was used for subglottic IH in a single study, and was noted to have a higher success rate and lower complication rate than both Nd:YAG and observation. Studies comparing laser with β‐blockers or in combination with β‐blockers reported greater improvements in lesion size in combination arms versus β‐blockers alone and greater effects of lasers on mixed superficial and deep IH. Strength of the evidence for outcomes after laser treatments ranged from insufficient to low for effectiveness outcomes. Strength of the evidence was insufficient for the effects of laser compared with β‐blockers or in combination with β‐blockers as studies evaluated different agents and laser types. Studies assessing outcomes after CO2 and Nd:YAG lasers typically reported some resolution of lesion size, but heterogeneity among studies limits our abilities to draw conclusions.

Conclusion

Studies of laser treatment of IH primarily addressed different laser modalities compared with observation or other laser modalities. PDL was the most commonly studied laser type, but multiple variations in treatment protocols did not allow for demonstration of superiority of a single method. Most studies reported a higher success rate with longer pulse PDL compared to observation in managing the size of IH, although the magnitude of effect differed substantially. Studies generally found PDL more effective than other types of lasers for cutaneous lesions. When first introduced as a primary treatment for IH, various laser modalities generally offered superior outcomes compared with steroid therapy and observation. In the era of β‐blocker therapy, laser treatment may retain an important role in the treatment of residual and refractory lesions. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:221–233, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Real‐time updating of structural mechanics models using Kalman filtering, modified constitutive relation error, and proper generalized decomposition
Authors: Marchand Basile , Chamoin Ludovic , Rey Christian
Published: December 2015

The paper aims at proposing a new strategy for real‐time identification or updating of structural mechanics models defined as dynamical systems. The main idea is to introduce the modified constitutive relation error concept, which is a practical tool that enables to efficiently solve identification problems with highly corrupted data, into the Kalman filtering, which is a classical framework for data assimilation. Furthermore, a PGD‐based model reduction method is performed in order to optimize capabilities of the online updating strategy. Performances of the proposed approach, in terms of robustness gain and computational cost reduction, are illustrated on several unsteady thermal applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.