bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short and Efficient Approach Towards Macrocyclic Lactones Based on a Sonogashira Reaction.
Authors: Krauss Juergen , Unterreitmeier Doris , Neudert Christine , Bracher Franz
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereospecific Addition of H—P Bond to Alkenes: A Simple Method for the Preparation of (Rp)‐Phenylphosphinates.
Authors: Han Li‐Biao , Zhao Chang‐Qiu
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy Selenides Using Benzeneselenol and Oxiranes under Supramolecular Catalysis in the Presence of β‐Cyclodextrin in Water.
Authors: Sridhar R. , Srinivas B. , Surendra K. , Krishnaveni N. Srilakshmi , Rao K. Rama
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Discovery, SAR, and X‐Ray Structure of Novel Biaryl‐Based Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors.
Authors: Moriarty Kevin J. , et al. et al.
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Evaluation of (2S,1′R,2′S)‐ and (2S,1′S,2′R)‐2‐(2′‐Phosphonocyclopropyl)glycines, Two Novel Conformationally Constrained L‐AP4 Analogues.
Authors: Amori Laura , Serpi Michaela , Marinozzi Maura , Costantino Gabriele , Gavilan Diaz Monica , Hermit Mette Brunsgaard , Thomsen Christian , Pellicciari Roberto
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Multiple Component Approaches to C‐Glycosyl β‐Amino Acids by Complementary One‐Pot Mannich‐Type and Reformatsky‐Type Reactions.
Authors: Dondoni Alessandro , Massi Alessandro , Sabbatini Simona
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Deconjugation of Dehydroamino Acids: Stereoselective Synthesis of Racemic (E)‐Vinylglycines.
Authors: Alexander Paul A. , Marsden Stephen P. , Munoz Subtil Dulce M. , Reader John C.
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Short and Enantiospecific Synthesis of (‐)‐Nupharamine.
Authors: Gebauer Julian , Blechert Siegfried
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Concise Enantioselective Synthesis of Furan Lignans (‐)‐Dihydrosesamin and (‐)‐Acuminatin and Furofuran Lignans (‐)‐Sesamin and (‐)‐Methyl Piperitol by Radical Cyclization of Epoxides.
Authors: Banerjee Biplab , Roy Subhas Chandra
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Polyacetylenic Acids (I) Isolated from Nanodea muscosa.
Authors: Alves Diego , Nogueira Cristina W. , Zeni Gilson
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hexylitaconic Acid: A New Inhibitor of p53—HDM2 Interaction Isolated from a Marine‐Derived Fungus, Arthrinium sp.
Authors: Tsukamoto Sachiko , Yoshida Takushi , Hosono Hidetaka , Ohta Tomihisa , Yokosawa Hideyoshi
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A General Method for the Synthesis of Bastaranes and Isobastaranes: First Total Synthesis of Bastadins 5 (I), 10, 12, 16, 20, and 21 (II).
Authors: Couladouros Elias A. , Pitsinos Emmanuel N. , Moutsos Vassilios I. , Sarakinos Georgios
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Metalloporphyrin—NO Bonding: Building Bridges with Organometallic Chemistry
Authors: Ghosh Abhik
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
GaCl3 in Organic Synthesis.
Authors: Amemiya Ryo , Yamaguchi Masahiko
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthetic Studies in Phytochrome Chemistry.
Authors: Jacobi Peter A. , et al. et al.
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Desymmetrization and Diastereotopic Group Selection in 1,4‐Cyclohexadienes.
Authors: Studer Armido , Schleth Florian
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
N‐Cyanoimines in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Nekrasov D. D.
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Applications of Diethylzinc in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Knoechel Paul , Leuser Helena
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of Polycyclic Diterpenes: Neodolastanes
Authors: Hiersemann Martin
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oral Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) Inhibitors: A Potential New Approach for Treating Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Sikorski James A.
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Natural Products to Drugs: Daptomycin and Related Lipopeptide Antibiotics
Authors: Baltz Richard H. , Miao Vivian , Wrigley Stephen K.
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Simple Indole Alkaloids and Those with a Nonrearranged Monoterpenoid Unit
Authors: Kawasaki Tomomi , Higuchi Kazuhiro
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Estimation of the Bond Dissociation Energies from the Kinetic Characteristics of Liquid‐Phase Radical Reactions
Authors: Denisov E. T. , Tumanov V. E.
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Native State Kinetic Stabilization as a Strategy to Ameliorate Protein Misfolding Diseases: A Focus on the Transthyretin Amyloidoses
Authors: Johnson Steven M. , Wiseman R. Luke , Sekijima Yoshiki , Green Nora S. , Adamski‐Werner Sara L. , Kelly Jeffery W.
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Treatment Technologies for Chromium(VI)
Authors: Hawley Elisabeth L. , Deeb Rula A. , Kavanaugh Michael C. , Jacobs James A.
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
In Silico Prediction of Pharmacokinetics Properties
Authors: Hashida Mitsuru
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Use of Supercritical Fluids as Solvents for NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Yonker Clement R. , Linehan John C.
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Evaluation of intranuclear BrdU detection procedures for use in multicolor flow cytometry
Authors: Rothaeusler Kristina , Baumgarth Nicole
Published: March 2006

Background:

Measurement of cell proliferation via BrdU incorporation in combination with multicolor cell surface staining would facilitate studies on cell subsets that require multiple markers for their identification. However, the extent to which the often harsh cell preparation procedures required affect the staining quality of more recently developed fluorescent dyes has not been assessed.

Methods:

Three cell preparation protocols for BrdU measurement were compared for their ability to maintain fluorescent surface staining and scatter parameters of in vivo BrdU‐labeled cells by flow cytometry. A 10‐color fluorescent panel was developed to test the quality of surface staining, following cell treatment and the ability to perform BrdU measurements on even small B lymphocyte subsets.

Results:

All cell preparation procedures affected the quality of fluorescent and/or scatter parameters to varying degrees. Paraformaldehyde/saponin‐based procedures preserved sufficient fluorescent surface staining to determine BrdU incorporation rates among all splenic B cell subsets, including B‐1a cells, which constitute roughly 0.5% of cells. Turnover rates of B‐1a cells were similar to immature B cells and higher than those of the other mature B cell subsets.

Conclusion:

Paraformaldehyde/saponin‐based cell preparation procedures facilitate detailed cell turnover studies on small cell subsets in vivo, revealing new functional information on rare cell populations. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Comparison of three commonly used PCR‐based techniques to analyze MSI status in sporadic colorectal cancer
Authors: Deschoolmeester Vanessa , Baay Marc , Wuyts Wim , Marck Eric Van , Pelckmans Paul , Lardon Filip , Vermorken Jan B.
Published: March 2006

Several retrospective studies have shown that a high level of microsatellite instability (MSI‐H) is an important prognostic factor of a more favorable outcome in stage II and III colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. In this study, three commonly used polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based MSI analysis techniques were compared (polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by silver‐staining [SSPAGE], fluorescence capillary electrophoresis [FCE], and denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography [DHPLC]) on a limited group of CRC patients, to identify the most optimal detection technique. Pathology blocks of 26 CRC patients were subjected to microdissection and the Bethesda reference panel was used for MSI analysis. Considering the samples analyzed by both SSPAGE and FCE, 8.7% were MSI‐H, 8.7% were MSI‐L, and 82.6% were MSS using SSPAGE. FCE resulted in 16% MSI‐H, 4% MSI‐L, and 80% MSS. Due to difficulties in analyzing the dinucleotide markers on DHPLC, we only analyzed the mononucleotide markers with this technique. The results were 100% concordant to those obtained by FCE. SSPAGE is time consuming, subjective, and less user‐friendly and interpretable. DHPLC was not feasible due to interpretation difficulties for the dinucleotide markers. We recommend the use of FCE to analyze MSI status. This technique is sensitive, reproducible, user‐friendly and leads to easy interpretation and high‐throughput. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 20:52–61, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
St. John's wort does not interfere with therapeutic drug monitoring of 12 commonly monitored drugs using immunoassays
Authors: Dasgupta Amitava , Tso Gertie , Szelei‐Stevens Kathy
Published: March 2006

St. John's wort, a popular herbal remedy for depression, is known to interact with many Western drugs because of the ability of its components to induce liver enzymes. Lower concentrations of various drugs due to increased clearance have been reported. Because immunoassays are commonly used in clinical laboratories for therapeutic drug monitoring, we studied the potential interference of St. John's wort with commonly monitored therapeutic drugs. Drug‐free serum pools were supplemented with St. John's wort to achieve in vitro St. John's wort concentrations mimicking in vivo concentrations after both recommended use and overdose. Concentrations of digoxin, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), phenytoin, carbamazepine, theophylline, valproic acid, quinidine, phenobarbital, procainamide, and N‐acetyl procainamide were measured in serum. Pooled serum specimens from patients who were taking a particular drug were also supplemented in vitro with concentrations of St. John's wort to investigate whether observed concentrations changed after supplementation with St. John's wort. The effect of St. John's wort on cyclosporine and tacrolimus (FK 506) was studied in whole blood. We found no significant interference from St. John's wort with any assay studied. Moreover, when drug‐free serum was supplemented with very high concentrations of hypericin (2 µg/mL) and hyperforin (2 µg/mL) pure standard, we observed no apparent drug level with any immunoassay. The presence of both hypericin and hyperforin was also confirmed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) in both preparations of St. John's wort. We conclude that immunoassays may be used to measure levels of therapeutic drugs in patients who self‐medicate with St. John's wort. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 20:62–67, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serum level of sialic acid (SA) and carbohydrate‐deficient transferrin (CDT) in type 2 diabetes mellitus with microvascular complications
Authors: Cylwik Bogdan , Chrostek Lech , Jakimiuk Barbara , Popławska Anna , Szmitkowski Maciej
Published: March 2006

Sialic acid (SA) is responsible for the composition of different isoforms of transferrin and is reported to be a marker of microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, we explored the serum concentration of SA, and the less sialylated isoforms of transferrin, termed carbohydrate‐deficient transferrin (CDT), in relation to the presence of microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus. We studied 21 patients with type 2 diabetes with microangiopathy and 22 patients without complications who were hospitalized at a diabetic clinic. The prevalence of microvascular complications was based on clinical history, fundoscopy, and laboratory tests. Blood samples were taken for measurements of SA, CDT, total transferrin, glucose, HbA1c, fibrinogen, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and indicators of renal dysfunction (i.e., creatinine, urea, albumin excretion rate (AER), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR)). A rise in serum SA and a decrease in CDT concentrations were observed in both diabetic groups with and without complications, and there were no differences between the two groups of patients. There was a statistically significant correlation between serum SA and CDT in diabetic subjects with microvascular complications, but not in patients without such complications. This proves that the serum changes in CDT and SA levels in the course of type 2 diabetes mellitus are associated with each other in the presence of microangiopathy. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 20:68–73, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Principles for psychosocial treatment of personality disorder: Summary of the APA Division 12 Task Force/NASPR review
Authors: Critchfield Kenneth L. , Benjamin Lorna Smith
Published: March 2006

A wide variety of clinical problems and relational styles are collected under the diagnostic heading of personality disorder (PD). These disorders involve maladaptive, persistent ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving that are associated with both functional impairment and disturbed interpersonal relationships. Personality disorders are difficult to treat, and challenge a therapist's ability to intervene helpfully, in part because the maladaptive patterns can impact the therapy relationship itself. Therapeutic principles were derived by Task Force review from the small body of research conducted to date with this family of disorders and include characteristics of clients and therapists, their relationship together, and essential elements of technique. The importance of a collaborative relationship as well as a treatment that is comprehensive, empathic, patiently applied, and flexibly tailored to presenting problems are dominant themes across principles. Treatment research with PD is in its early stages and many important areas remain uncharted. The Task Force principles are here summarized in hopes of providing general guidance to clinicians working with PD, as well as to outline research needs for the area. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 62: 661–674, 2006.
Participation in treatment and Alcoholics Anonymous: A 16‐year follow‐up of initially untreated individuals
Authors: Moos Rudolf H. , Moos Bernice S.
Published: March 2006

This study focused on the duration of participation in professional treatment and Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) for previously untreated individuals with alcohol use disorders. These individuals were surveyed at baseline and 1 year, 3 years, 8 years, and 16 years later. Compared with individuals who remained untreated, individuals who obtained 27 weeks or more of treatment in the first year after seeking help had better 16‐year alcohol‐related outcomes. Similarly, individuals who participated in AA for 27 weeks or more had better 16‐year outcomes. Subsequent AA involvement was also associated with better 16‐year outcomes, but this was not true of subsequent treatment. Some of the association between treatment and long‐term alcohol‐related outcomes appears to be due to participation in AA. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 62: 735–750, 2006.
Therapeutic factors in treating anxiety disorders
Authors: Newman Michelle G. , Stiles William B.
Published: March 2006

This article is a condensation of several chapters from Principles of Therapeutic Change That Work edited by L.G. Castonguay and L.E. Beutler. The authors present the work of M.G. Newman, W.B. Stiles, A. Janeck, and S.R. Woody (2006), who outline an integrative model for effective psychotherapy of anxiety disorders. The authors also summarize, review, and extend several chapters on the current knowledge about therapeutic technique factors (S.R. Woody & T.H. Ollendick, 2006), participant factors (M.G. Newman, P. Crits‐Christoph, M.B. Connelly Gibbons, & T.M. Erickson, 2006), and relationship factors (W.B. Stiles & B.E. Wolfe, 2006), which are related to anxiety disorder treatment outcome. The authors then place these factors and their practice implications within a common framework. Their integration is based on (a) the concept of appropriate responsiveness, and (b) a distinction between actions and achievements. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 62: 649–659, 2006.
Immature dependence and self‐criticism predict the recurrence of major depression
Authors: Mongrain Myriam , Leather Faith
Published: March 2006

This research examined the associations of unipolar depression with immature dependence and self‐criticism (S.J. Blatt et al., 1995) in a sample of graduate students with a diagnosed history of depression. A battery of tests was completed by 158 students, and a subset (n =102) was reached approximately 20 months later for the assessment of new depressive onsets. Self‐criticism and neuroticism were uniquely associated with a past history of depression, and self‐criticism and immature dependence interacted in predicting past occurrences of depression. Self‐criticism was increasingly associated with past depressive episodes as level of immature dependence increased. The interaction of immature dependence and self‐criticism was also evident in predicting future occurrence of depression after controlling statistically for the effects of current symptoms, neuroticism, certain Axis II diagnoses, and number of previous depressive episodes. This interactive effect suggests that individuals with high levels of both self‐criticism and immature dependence are particularly prone to depressive episodes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 62: 705–713, 2006.
Effects of a group forgiveness intervention on forgiveness, perceived stress, and trait‐anger
Authors: Harris Alex H. S. , Luskin Frederic , Norman Sonya B. , Standard Sam , Bruning Jennifer , Evans Stephanie , Thoresen Carl E.
Published: March 2006

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 6‐week forgiveness intervention on three outcomes: (a) offense‐specific forgiveness, (b) forgiveness‐likelihood in new situations, and (c) health‐related psychosocial variables, such as perceived stress and trait‐anger. Participants were 259 adults who had experienced a hurtful interpersonal transgression from which they still felt negative consequences. They were randomized to a forgiveness‐training program or a no‐treatment control group. The intervention reduced negative thoughts and feelings about the target transgression 2 to 3 times more effectively than the control condition, and it produced significantly greater increases in positive thoughts and feelings toward the transgressor. Significant treatment effects were also found for forgiveness self‐efficacy, forgiveness generalized to new situations, perceived stress, and trait‐anger. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 62: 715–733, 2006.
Fluorescent proteins as markers in the plant secretory pathway
Authors: Hanton Sally L. , Brandizzi Federica
Published: March 2006

The use of fluorescent proteins and live cell imaging has greatly increased our knowledge of cell biology in recent years. Not only can these technologies be used to study protein trafficking under different conditions, but they have also been of use in elucidating the relationships between different organelles in a noninvasive manner. The use of multiple different fluorochromes allows the observation of interactions between organelles and between proteins, making this one of the fastest‐developing and exciting fields at this time. In this review, we discuss the multitude of fluorescent markers that have been generated to study the plant secretory pathway. Although these markers have been used to solve many mysteries in this field, some areas that require further discussion remain. Microsc. Res. Tech. 69:152–159, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Issues in confocal microscopy for quantitative FRET analysis
Authors: Wallrabe Horst , Chen Ye , Periasamy Ammasi , Barroso Margarida
Published: March 2006

Previously, we have carried out extensive quantitative analysis of Förster (or fluorescence) resonance energy transfer (FRET) data to show that polymeric IgA receptors and their ligands cluster in endocytic membranes in the process of sorting and trafficking in polarized cells. Here, we use a similar technique to assay the organization and distribution of another membrane‐bound receptor: transferrin receptor (TFR) and its ligand, holo‐transferrin (Tfn), while explaining the step‐by‐step measures to be taken for successful quantitative analysis of the FRET data. In particular, methodological issues in FRET quantitative imaging, such as spectral bleed‐through and background correction, optimal selection of regions of interest, how to deal with outliers and pooling data and statistical analysis of FRET data, are addressed. Our results indicating a clustered organization of TFR–Tfn complexes fit the well‐known homodimeric structure of TFR. These quantitative approaches can be adapted for other biological applications of FRET. Microsc. Res. Tech. 69:196–206, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
North European last glacial–interglacial transition (LGIT; 15–9 ka) tephrochronology: extended limits and new events
Authors: Turney C. S. M. , Den Burg K. Van , Wastegård S. , Davies S. M. , Whitehouse N. J. , Pilcher J. R. , Callaghan C.
Published: March 2006

High‐precision correlation of palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental records is crucial for testing hypotheses of synchronous change. Although radiocarbon is the traditional method for dating late Quaternary sedimentary sequences, particularly during the last glacial–interglacial transition (LGIT; 15–9 ka), there are inherent problems with the method, particularly during periods of climate change which are often accompanied by major perturbations in atmospheric radiocarbon content. An alternative method is the use of tephras that act as time‐parallel marker horizons. Within Europe, numerous volcanic centres are known to have erupted during the LGIT, providing considerable potential for high‐precision correlation independent of past radiocarbon fluctuations. Here we report the first identification of the Vedde Ash and Askja Tephra in Ireland, significantly extending the known provenance of these events. We have also identified two new horizons (the Roddans Port Tephras A and B) and tentatively recognise an additional horizon from Vallensgård Mose (Denmark) that provide crucial additional chronological control for the LGIT. Two phases of the Laacher See Tephra (LST) are reported, the lower Laacher See Tephra (LLST) and probably the C2 phase of the Middle Laacher See Tephra (MLST‐C2) indicating a more northeasterly distribution of this fan than reported previously. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retracted: Alendronate and vitamin D2 for prevention of hip fracture in Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sato Yoshihiro , Iwamoto Jun , Kanoko Tomohiro , Satoh Kei
Published: March 2006

The above article, published online on 14 March 2006 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), and in Volume 21, Issue 7, Pages 924–929, has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the Editor‐in‐Chief, Jose A. Obeso, and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The retraction has been agreed due to an acknowledgement from the authors that the co‐authors did not participate in study design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation of data and drafting the manuscript. Thus all co‐authors are honorary.

Reference

Sato, Y.,
Iwamoto, J.,
Kanoko, T., and
Satoh, K. (2006) . Mov Disord. doi: 10.1002/mds.20825
Atypical movement disorders in antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Martino Davide , Chew Nee‐Kong , Mir Pablo , Edwards Mark J. , Quinn Niall P. , Bhatia Kailash P.
Published: March 2006

Movement disorders have only rarely been reported in association with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). In such cases, chorea is the most common disorder observed, with occasional reports of hemidystonia, Parkinsonism, and hemiballism. We report here on 3 cases of APS (3 women ages 16, 46, and 56 years) who presented with movement disorders, including tics, tremor, myoclonus, and a corticobasal syndrome, never or rarely reported in association with this disease. Mild executive dysfunction was observed in all 3 patients. We also report the successful treatment of two of these patients with mild oral anticoagulation (INR 2–3). Movement disorders in APS seem more clinically heterogeneous than previously thought. Oral anticoagulation should be considered in the treatment of movement disorders associated with APS. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
CADASIL presenting with a movement disorder: A clinical study of a Chilean kindred
Authors: Miranda Marcelo , Dichgans Martin , Slachevsky Andrea , Urbina Francisco , Mena Ismael , Venegas Pablo , Galvez Marcelo
Published: March 2006

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a hereditary vascular disease that usually begins with migraine, followed by repeated strokes and progressive dementia. We describe an unusual clinical presentation of this condition in members of a Chilean family with an established NOTCH3 mutation. We report early clinical, neuropsychological, transcranial ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebral blood flow, and skin biopsy findings on these patients. Of the patients, 2 presented with facial dystonia, 1 of whom had abnormal single photon emission computed tomography and transcranial ultrasound studies after normal brain MRI scans. Our report emphasizes that CADASIL must be considered in the study of patients with secondary dystonia. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
The dependence on temperature and concentration of 129Xe NMR chemical shift values of organoxenon(II) salts [RXe][Y] and of the parent molecule XeF2
Authors: Bardin Vadim V. , Frohn Hermann‐Josef
Published: March 2006

The dependence of the 129Xe NMR chemical shift value of XeF2 on temperature and concentration was determined in a variety of prototypic media: in acidic (anhydrous HF, aHF), nonprotic but polar (dichloromethane), and basic (CD3CN‐EtCN, 1:3 v/v) solvents. The 129Xe NMR spectra of a representative series of organoxenon(II) salts [RXe][Y] (R = C6F5, heptafluoro‐1,4‐cyclohexadien‐1‐yl (cyclo‐1,4‐C6F7), pentafluoro‐1,4‐cyclohexadien‐3‐on‐1‐yl (cyclo‐3‐O‐1,4‐C6F5), CF2 = C(CF3), (CF3)2CFC≡C, C4H9C≡C; Y = BF4, AsF6) in aHF showed, compared with XeF2aHF, a quantitatively less distinct but qualitatively related dependence of δ(129Xe) vs temperature. The dependence of their δ(129Xe) values on concentration in aHF is negligible. An explanation for the different behavior of [RXe][Y] and XeF2 is offered. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complete assignments of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of 9,10‐didehydro retinoic acids
Authors: Thibonnet J. , Duchêne A. , Parrain J.‐L. , Abarbri M.
Published: March 2006

A new class of retinoic acids was synthesized containing a 9,10‐rigid bond. 1H and 13C NMR spectra were assigned for eight new compounds (all‐E, 13Z) containing a carboxylic acid or tertiobutylester polar end group. Assignments were based on the combination of one‐ and two‐ dimensional experiments (APT, COSY, HMBC). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
B1‐insensitive T2 preparation for improved coronary magnetic resonance angiography at 3 T
Authors: Nezafat Reza , Stuber Matthias , Ouwerkerk Ronald , Gharib Ahmed M. , Desai Milind Y. , Pettigrew Roderic I.
Published: March 2006

At 3 T, the effective wavelength of the RF field is comparable to the dimension of the human body, resulting in B1 standing wave effects and extra variations in phase. This effect is accompanied by an increase in B0 field inhomogeneity compared to 1.5 T. This combination results in nonuniform magnetization preparation by the composite MLEV weighted T2 preparation (T2 Prep) sequence used for coronary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). A new adiabatic refocusing T2 Prep sequence is presented in which the magnetization is tipped into the transverse plane with a hard RF pulse and refocused using a pair of adiabatic fast‐passage RF pulses. The isochromats are subsequently returned to the longitudinal axis using a hard RF pulse. Numerical simulations predict an excellent suppression of artifacts originating from B1 inhomogeneity while achieving good contrast enhancement between coronary arteries and surrounding tissue. This was confirmed by an in vivo study, in which coronary MR angiograms were obtained without a T2 Prep, with an MLEV weighted T2 Prep and the proposed adiabatic T2 Prep. Improved quantitative and qualitative coronary MRA image measurement was achieved using the adiabatic T2 Prep at 3 T. Magn Reson Med, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subsecond fluorine‐19 MRI of the lung
Authors: Wolf Ursula , Scholz Alexander , Heussel Claus Peter , Markstaller Klaus , Schreiber Wolfgang Günther
Published: March 2006

Minimal scan times in rapid fluorine‐19 MRI using sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) have been on the order of 10 s. Because of the very short T1 relaxation time of SF6 (T1 = 1.65 ms), high receiver bandwidths are necessary to allow for a high number of excitations. Since high bandwidths cause high levels of electronic noise, SNR per acquisition has been too low to further reduce scan time. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether scan times could be reduced using hexafluoroethane (C2F6), a gas with a longer T1 (T1 = 7.9 ms) at a relatively low bandwidth of 488 Hz/pixel. Gradient‐echo images were acquired during and after completion of the wash‐in of a 70% C2F6‐30% O2 mixture. Peak SNR values of 16 and 7.9 were observed for coronal projection images acquired within 2 s and 260 ms, respectively. These results demonstrate that subsecond imaging is feasible using C2F6. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional radial ultrashort echo‐time imaging with T2 adapted sampling
Authors: Rahmer Jürgen , Börnert Peter , Groen Jan , Bos Clemens
Published: March 2006

The application of 3D radial sampling of the free‐induction decay to proton ultrashort echo‐time (UTE) imaging is reported. The effects of T2 decay during signal acquisition on the 3D radial point‐spread function are analyzed and compared to 2D radial and 1D sampling. It is found that in addition to the use of ultrashort TE, the proper choice of the acquisition‐window duration TAQ is essential for imaging short‐T2 components. For 3D radial sampling, a maximal signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) with negligible decay‐induced loss in spatial resolution is obtained for an acquisition‐window duration of TAQ ≈ 0.69 T2. For 2D and 1D sampling, corresponding values are derived as well. Phantom measurements confirm the theoretical findings and demonstrate the impact of different acquisition‐window durations on SNR and spatial resolution for a given T2 component. In vivo scans show the potential of 3D UTE imaging with T2‐adapted sampling for musculoskeletal imaging using standard MR equipment. The visualization of complex anatomy is demonstrated by extracting curved slices from the isotropically resolved 3D UTE image data. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does condition‐specific quality of life correlate with generic health‐related quality of life and objective incontinence severity in women with stress urinary incontinence?
Authors: Oh Seung‐June , Ku Ja Hyeon
Published: March 2006

Aims

We examined the impact of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) on health‐related quality of life (QOL) and evaluated the relationships between incontinence‐specific QOL and objective disease severity.

Methods

A total of 158 women (mean age 49.9) suffering from SUI were included in the study. The Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐36 (SF‐36) and the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) were used to assess QOL in the patient and control groups.

Results

The SF‐36 scores did not show any significant differences between the two groups except for one domain (physical functioning, P = 0.005). The patient KHQ scores were significantly lower than those of the controls (P < 0.001 for all domains). The scores of the KHQ domains correlated with those of the SF‐36 domains, but the relationship was low to moderate, ranging from −0.033 to −0.686. However, they did not correlate with Valsalva leak point pressure (VLPP). When patients were divided into the low VLPP group (n = 60) and the higher VLPP group (n = 98), statistically significant differences were found between the groups for general health domains of the SF‐36 (P = 0.010) and of the KHQ (P = 0.027). No statistically significant differences were found in other domains of both questionnaires.

Conclusions

The generic QOL instrument is not a sensitive tool for measuring QOL in women with SUI. In addition, our findings suggest that objective disease severity is not associated with generic or incontinence‐specific QOL. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
One‐pot synthesis of isocyanate and methacrylate multifunctionalized polyisobutylene and polyisobutylene‐based amphiphilic networks
Authors: Toman luděk , Janata Miroslav , Spěváček Jiří , Dvořánková Barbora , Látalová Petra , Vlček Petr , Sikora Antonín , Michálek Jiří , Pekárek Michal
Published: March 2006

Amphiphilic polymer networks consisting of hydrophilic poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and hydrophobic polyisobutylene (PIB) chains were synthesized from a cationic copolymer of isobutylene (IB) and 3‐isopropenyl‐α,α‐dimethylbenzyl isocyanate (IDI) prepared at −50 °C in dichloromethane in conjunction with SnCl4. The isocyanate groups of this random copolymer, PIB(NCO)n, were subsequently transformed in situ to methacrylate (MA) groups in the dibutyltin dilaurate‐catalyzed reaction with 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) at 30 °C. The resulting PIB(MA)n with number–average molecular weight 8200 and average functionality Fn ∼ 4 per chain was in situ copolymerized radically with HEMA at 70 °C, giving rise to the amphiphilic networks containing 41 and 67 mol % HEMA. PHEMA–PIB network containing 43 mol % HEMA was also prepared by radical copolymerization of PIB(MA)n precursor with HEMA using sequential synthesis. An amphiphilic nature of the resulting networks was proved by swelling in both water and n‐heptane. PIB(NCO)n and PIB(MA)n were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, SEC and the latter also by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Solid state 13C NMR spectroscopy was used for characterization of the resulting PHEMA–PIB networks. Whereas single glass‐transition temperature, Tg = −67.4 °C, was observed for the rubbery crosslinked PIB prepared by reaction of PIB(NCO)n with water, the PHEMA–PIB networks containing 67 and 41 mol % HEMA showed two Tg's: −70.4 and 102.7 °C, and −63 and 107.2 °C, respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2891–2900, 2006
Ambient temperature ATRP of benzyl methacrylate as a tool for the synthesis of block copolymers with styrene
Authors: Munirasu Selvaraj , Rühe Jürgen , Dhamodharan Raghavachari
Published: March 2006

The rapid atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of benzyl methacrylate (BnMA) at ambient temperature was used to synthesize block copolymers with styrene as the second monomer. Various block copolymers such as AB diblock, BAB symmetric and asymmetric triblock, and ABABA pentablock copolymers were synthesized in which the polymerization of one of the blocks namely BnMA was performed at ambient temperature. It is demonstrated that the block copolymerization can be performed in a controlled manner, regardless of the sequence of monomer addition via halogen exchange technique. Using this reaction condition, the composition (ratio) of one block (here BnMA) can be varied from 1 to 100. It is further demonstrated that in the multiblock copolymer syntheses involving styrene and benzyl methacrylate, it is better to start from the PS macroinitiator compared with PBnMA macroinitiator. The polymers synthesized are relatively narrow dispersed (<1.5). It is identified that the ATRP of BnMA is limited to certain molecular weights of the PS macroinitiator. Additionally, a preliminary report about the synthesis of the block copolymer of BnMA‐methyl methacrylate (MMA), both at ambient temperature, is demonstrated. Subsequent deprotection of the benzyl group using Pd/CH2 results in methacrylic acid (MAA)–methyl methacrylate (MAA–MMA) amphiphilic block copolymer. GPC, IR, and NMR are used to characterize the synthesized polymers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2848–2861, 2006
Validation of an offshore occupational accident frequency prediction model—A practical demonstration using case studies
Authors: Attwood Daryl , Khan Faisal , Veitch Brian
Published: March 2006

A model has been developed to predict the frequency and associated costs of occupational accidents in the offshore oil and gas industry. Model inputs include: (i) direct factors, such as quality of personal protective equipment; (ii) corporate factors, such as training program effectiveness; and (iii) external factors, such as royalty regime. Three applications of the model are described, two for projects in eastern Canada and one for the Gulf of Mexico drilling sector. Expert opinion is used to provide the required model input associated with the regions' safety programs. Published accident data are used to calibrate the model and validate results. The model is shown to predict actual results well, especially considering the subjective nature of the activity. The model's versatility is demonstrated through its application to different types of accident statistics and regions, and its use in generating performance measures for operators. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2006
Nonlinear multigrid eigenvalue solver utilizing nonorthogonal localized orbitals
Authors: Feng G. , Beck T. L.
Published: March 2006

A nonlinear multigrid eigenvalue solver utilizing nonorthogonal localized orbitals is formulated and implemented on a real‐space grid. The localization of orbitals is necessary to achieve linear scaling in the computational effort. Numerical tests are performed on the benzene molecule, C20, and C60. The localization centers for the orbitals are allowed to move so as to lower the total energy. The convergence rate depends on the radius of the confined regions. Also, the convergence rate slows when the number of atoms in the system increases, and/or when unoccupied orbitals are included. The slowed convergence is due to ill‐conditioning, which is related to the kinetic contribution to the total energy. Work is in progress to alleviate the ill‐conditioning. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sports wagering
Authors: Rockey Donald L. , King Chris
Published: March 2006

This chapter discusses wagering on college athletics and sports wagering by college students and student athletes. Programs implemented by the NCAA and other organizations to minimize such behavior are also discussed, and recommendations for practice and research are shared.
The surge in online gambling on college campuses
Authors: Brown Stuart J.
Published: March 2006

This chapter focuses on the issues surrounding the growth of online gambling on college and university campuses.
Learning and living with the genie
Authors: McClellan George S. , Caswell Jim , Hardy Thomas W.
Published: March 2006

The coeditors of the volume identify seven messages, address a number of remaining points, and offer summary comments on where we go from here.
Biomechanical aspects of dynamic stability
Authors: Meyer G. , Ayalon M.
Published: March 2006

Walking is a fundamental motor skill that significantly affects the level of independence in older adults. The amount of variability present in a walking pattern reflects the quality of neuromuscular control. It is well established that a large proportion of falls in older people occurs when walking. The prevention of falls is vital for minimizing disability, preventing injury, and impeding the development of frailty and subsequent deterioration in quality of life. The present literature review focuses on dynamic stability. In dynamic stability, both the base of support and the center of mass are in motion, and effective balance function is required. In general, older adults are expected to have different movement patterns from younger adults, expressed by differences in limb kinematics and kinetics. A better understanding of the biomechanical variables involved can help anticipate and prevent potential falls.
Hydrogen peroxide‐induced apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma MGC803 cells
Authors: Mao Yubin , Song Gang , Cai Qiufeng , Liu Min , Luo Haohong , Shi Mingxin , Ouyang Gaoliang , Bao Shideng
Published: March 2006

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a representative ROS, has been used to study the apoptosis of cancer cells to oxidative stress. In this study, we exploited the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in H2O2‐induced apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma MGC803 cells. Exposure of cells to H2O2 might cause significant viability loss and the increase in apoptotic rate. Treatment with 0.4 mmol/L H2O2 up‐regulated Bax but down‐regulated Bcl‐2 in a time‐dependent manner, while Bcl‐xL expression remained unchanged. Our results also showed that the levels of Fas and Fas‐L were increased, the pro‐caspase‐3 and pro‐caspase‐9 were down‐regulated in H2O2‐treated MGC803 cells. Under H2O2 stress, we found that the protein p53 also participated in MGC803 cells apoptosis. Taken together, the present study indicated that Fas‐mediated cell surface death receptor pathway and mitochondria‐mediated pathway may participate in regulating the MGC803 cells apoptosis under oxidative stress.
Heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: An ignored combination?
Authors: Rutten Frans H. , Cramer Maarten‐Jan M. , Lammers Jan‐Willem J. , Grobbee Diederick E. , Hoes Arno W.
Published: March 2006

Aims:

To quantify the prevalence of heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and vice versa. Further, to discuss diagnostic and therapeutic implications of the co‐existence of both syndromes.

Methods and results:

We performed a Medline search from 1966 to March 2005. The reported prevalence of LVSD among COPD patients varied considerably, with the highest prevalence (10–46%) among those with an exacerbation. One single study assessed the prevalence of heart failure in COPD patients. A prevalence of 21% of previously unknown heart failure was reported in patients with a history of COPD or asthma. We did not find any report on COPD in heart failure or LVSD patients.

Diagnosing heart failure in COPD patients or vice versa is complicated by overlap in signs and symptoms, and diminished diagnostic value of additional investigations.

In general, pulmonary and heart failure ‘drug cocktails’ can be administered safely to patients with concomitant COPD and heart failure, although (short acting) β2‐adrenoreceptor agonists and digitalis have potentially deleterious effects on cardiac and pulmonary function, respectively.

Conclusion:

Although knowledge about the prevalence of concomitant heart failure in COPD patients and vice versa is scarce, it seems that the combined presence is rather common. In view of diagnostic and therapeutic implications, more attention should be paid to the concomitant presence of both syndromes in clinical practice and research.