bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teachers' Opinions on the Teaching Skills of Primary Teacher Candidates
Authors: Yılmaz İpek , Demiral Hilmi
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this research is to determine the opinions of primary teachers regarding the teaching skills of teacher candidates taking the teaching practice course. In order to achieve this purpose, the opinions of 3 primary teachers working in a primary school were examined. The classroom teachers who participated in the research were educators with at least 25 years of experience in their profession. In the research, a semi-structured interview design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. The primary teachers who shared their experiences teach 1st-2nd-3rd-4th grades in a primary school. The interviews lasted 1 hour and 50 minutes in total. According to the research findings, the problems of primary teachers working in a primary school were gathered under the themes of “subject field knowledge, field education knowledge, planning, classroom management and communication”.
Implementing Mathematical Modelling with Calculus of Variations to Design a Disaster Tent
Authors: Aslan-tutak Fatma , Guven Ozan
Published: December 2024

This manuscript shares results from a mathematical modelling project developed by a mathematics educator and a high school student to solve a real-life problem; durable disaster tents. The authors worked together to first design a tent, CaTent, by implementing biomimicry with design thinking. Through the process of mathematical modelling, the authors mathematise the problem with catenary which can be obtained by solving a calculus of variations problem. Then, reaching the equation for catenary curve modelling the poles of CaTent, the length of a pole is obtained, approximately 7.2834 meters. The total length of three poles necessary for a CaTent would be 21.8503 meters approximately, while the total amount of poles needed for a common disaster tent would be approximately 40.32 meters.
Art Education in Türkiye during the Republican Period (1938-1950)
Authors: Karaoğlu Mehmet , Yurtoğlu Nadir
Published: December 2024

The subject of the article is the studies carried out on art education in Türkiye during the period from 1938 to 1950 when İsmet İnönü was the President. Under the main title of Art Education in the I. İnönü Period (1938-1950), this article focuses on decisions on art education in National Education Councils (1928-1949), Art Education in Curricula (1938-1950), Art Education in Primary School Curricula, Art Education in Secondary School Curricula, Village Institutes Curricula and Art Education. During the Presidency of İsmet İnönü (1938-1950), the reforms and structures implemented in education, the national education councils conducted by the CHP, and the reports prepared by foreign experts who were invited to Türkiye by the Ministry of National Education for their recommendations on art education formed the basis of this research. In addition, the curriculum programs of primary and secondary schools and Village Institutes are also included in the article's subject. Related documents from the Presidential Archive of the Republic, Official Gazette, minutes and law journals of the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye, various magazines, newspapers, books, and articles from periodical publications were used to collect data. These data were analyzed using the document analysis method.
Lethal effect of three medicinal plant extract on Corcyra cephalonica stainton (Lepidoptera: pyralidae) in laboratory condition
Authors: Kumari Pallavi , Kumar Arun
Published: December 2024

The natural plant extract were extracted from the three medicinal plants, leaves of Eucalyptus globulus (Mirtaceae), Ocimum basilicum (Lamiaceae) and seed of Syzygium aromaticum against toxicity activity investigated against the major lepidopteran pest Corcyra cephalonica adults in laboratory condition. The results indicated that the maximum toxicity (LC50) assay was recorded from S. aromaticum against C. cephalonica was 14.365 after 48 hr. followed by O. basilicum and E. globulus 16.234 and 17.336 respectively. These observations confirmed that the natural plant extract which were extracted from the three medicinal plants leaves and seed have insecticidal activity against the insect C. cephalonica pests in laboratory and will be used for insect pest management in place of synthetic pesticides.. KEYWORDS :Corcyra cephalonica, Natural plant extracts, toxicity, Medicinal plants.
Nutritive value, proximate, mineral and vitamin contents of Indian major carp of Madhepura District, Bihar
Authors: Shree Bhavya , Kumar Arun
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the study was to investigate the proximate composition, mineral and vitamin content of Indian major carps. Proximate composition and mineral and vitamin content were determined according to the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) standard method. The variation in proximate composition, mineral and vitamin content was determined in relation to different body weight groups of Indian major carp viz., rohu (Labeo rohita), catla (Catla catla) and mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala). The samples were collected from different places of Madhepura district and were grouped as 1-50 g, 51-500 g, 501-2000 g and >2000 g. The moisture content was higher (P<0.05) in >2000 g group of rohu and mrigal when compared to catla. The contents of protein, lipids and total ash were similar in all the major carp irrespective of weight groups. Calcium content was higher (P<0.05) in rohu and mrigal in all the weight groups. Sodium, potassium and iron contents were more (P<0.05) in >2000 g group of rohu when compared to others. The Zn content of rohu of 51-500 g group was higher (P<0.05) vis-a-vis other groups. Mrigal of size groups 1-50 g and >2000 g contained the highest content of vitamin A. The vitamin D level was higher (P<0.05) in 1-50 g of rohu and 51-2000 g groups of mrigal. Thus, this fish species are good sources of proteins, minerals and vitamins that can be used for managing nutritional deficiencies in human and animals.. KEYWORDS :Nutritive value, Proximate composition, Mineral, Vitamin, Rohu, Catla, Mrigal, Madhepura district.
NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION, VITAMIN AND MINERAL CONTENTS OF Piper guineense, Xylopia aethiopica, AND Monodora myristica
Authors: CHINEDU NDEFO JOSEPH , OBIAGELI ONYESIFE CHIOMA , ODINAKA UGORJI CHIMAOBI
Published: December 2024

An extensive body of research has consistently shown that most plants utilized as herbs possess therapeutic properties and serve as reservoirs of both nutritional and non-nutritive compounds. A diverse array of these compounds demonstrates a broad spectrum of health advantages, encompassing antioxidant and antibacterial properties that help protect the human body against infections and cellular oxidative processes. This study examines the vitamin, mineral, and nutritional makeup of three well-known African spices: African nutmeg (Monodora myristica), African guinea pepper (Xylopia aethiopica), and West African black pepper (Piper guineense). Though their extensive nutritional profiles are less well-documented in scientific research, these spices are essential to traditional African medicine and food. The study adopted the experimental method, and the samples were analyzed in triplicates. The IBM SPSS (version 25) statistical package was used in analyzing the results. The results show that P. guineense has the highest Iron content (68.75 mg/dl), Sodium content (287 mmol/L), and Chromium content (8.5 mg/dl); X. aethiopica has the highest Manganese content (3.35 mg/dl), while M. myristica is very high in sodium (287 mmol/L), potassium (304.50 IU) and phosphorus (282.20 mg/dl). P. guineense is richest in vitamin A (1747. 52 IU), and vitamin B2 (0.12 mg/dl), while M. myristica gave the highest amount of vitamin D (65.0 IU) and vitamin E (5.70 mg/100g). All three spices have high fiber content and are rich in dietary lipids, proteins, and carbs, according to proximate study of the seeds. Mineral examination revealed that these spices are good suppliers of macro minerals including sodium, potassium, and phosphorus; significant amounts of trace minerals, including manganese and iron, were also found. According to the study’s findings, Piper guineense, Xylopia aethiopica, and Monodora myristica are considered functional foods since they have significant nutritional and therapeutic value in addition to culinary advantages.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND IN VITRO ANTI-PLASMODIAL ACTIVITY OF Jatropha tanjorensis LEAF EXTRACTS AGAINST Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: MOHAMMED JUMARE FATIMA , ILEIGO INABO HELEN
Published: December 2024

The challenge of antimalarial drug resistance necessitates scientific research to validate herbal preparations as cost-effective and accessible alternative therapies with equal or superior efficacy to synthetic drugs. This study evaluates the phytochemical constituents and anti-plasmodial activity of Jatropha tanjorensis leaf extracts against Plasmodium falciparum. Extracts were obtained through crude and sequential maceration methods, and their phytochemical constituents were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively using standard techniques. The P. falciparum-infected blood samples were cultured in vitro, and the susceptibility of the fresh isolates to artemether oil-based injection was evaluated. The isolates with the highest IC50 values for artemether were further assessed for in vitro susceptibility to the crude extracts of Jatropha tanjorensis leaves. The results indicated the presence of cardiac glycosides, tannins, phenols, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, proteins, and amino acids in the crude leaf extracts of J. tanjorensis. Among the extracts, ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest total phytochemical content, particularly in tannins, phenols, saponins, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The P. falciparum isolates showed susceptibility to artemether, with IC50 values ranging from 0.24 to 0.77 µmol/L. The ethyl acetate extract also demonstrated significant anti-plasmodial activity against the isolates, with IC50 values of 4.77 µg/ml and 4.98 µg/ml at the early and late trophozoite stages of the P. falciparum intraerythrocytic cycle respectively. These findings highlight the potential of ethyl acetate extract of J. tanjorensis leaf as a natural antimalarial agent, necessitating additional research into its therapeutic potential.
ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND ANTIBIOGRAM OF DIARRHOEAGENIC BACTERIA FROM PAEDIATRIC PATIENTS IN SELECTED HEALTHCARE FACILITIES OF ENUGU STATE NIGERIA
Authors: AMUCHE EVURANI SOMTOCHUKWU , OSITA EZE CHRISTOPHER
Published: December 2024

Diarrhoea in children is a serious condition and if not carefully handled, may lead to fatalities. In this work, we isolated, characterized, and determined the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of E. coli, Shigella spp, and Salmonella spp recovered from faecal samples from children’s wards in selected clinics in the Enugu State of Nigeria. All the samples were transported to the laboratory using Ice Park. The isolates were further sub-cultured onto Salmonella-Shigella Agar and eosin-methylene Blue Agar to obtain pure and viable colonies and stored on a Nutrient agar slant until further analysis. Each isolate was Gram-stained, and various biochemical tests were conducted. The isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility tests using the disc diffusion method. The antibiotic disc used include ceftriaxone 30 µg, gentamicin 10µg, ciprofloxacin 5 µg, erythromycin 5µg, ertapenem 10 µg, vancomycin 30 µg, cefoxitin 30 µg, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 30 µg and Tetracycline 30µg. Ninety-eight (98) shigella isolates were recovered from the 468 patients admitted during the study, giving a prevalence of 20.9%; one hundred and eighty-three (183) 39.1% Salmonella spp and one hundred and eighty seven (187) 40.0% for E. coli spp. The antibiotics sensitivity testing showed that the isolates tested were resistant to most antibiotics except ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. Ciprofloxacin and gentamicin produced excellent antibacterial activity against most test organisms. The result of this study underscores the importance of antibiotic sensitivity testing as a guide to precise antimicrobial therapy.
PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF POLYHERBAL FORMULATION ON ALBINO WISTAR RATS
Authors: JUDITH OBETA ICHINONYE , VICTOR OBETA ARINZE
Published: December 2024

Most herbal medicines lack appropriate dosages. Contrary to beliefs, some of these herbal plants are toxic, with a high risk of adverse effects. This study used experimental animals to evaluate the possible toxicological effects of a polyherbal formulation (PHF) on the liver, kidney, and haematopoietic cells. Twenty-five (25) male albino Wistar rats weighing 120-150g were divided into 5 groups of 5 animals each, according to their body weight (x+20g). For four weeks, Groups A, B, and C received a daily administration of 884, 1760, and 3535mg/kg of PHF, respectively, while Groups D and E (controls) received ethanol and normal rat chow, respectively. The concentrations and activities of creatinine, urea, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate, and alanine aminotransferase (ALP, AST, ALT) and total bilirubin were estimated in the serum. A full blood count was done using whole blood. The acute toxicity tests study showed that the PHF had an oral LD50 > 800mg/kg in the rats. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of a moderate amount of tannins, steroids, flavonoids, and an abundant amount of reducing sugars and carbohydrates. A significant difference was observed in ALP, AST, and ALT of groups that received PHF and ethanol group (p<0.05) with no significant difference in total bilirubin. No significant changes were observed in the serum creatinine and urea of any group. Haematological studies showed no significant difference except for mean cell volume (MCV) and neutrophils of Groups B and A. Histopathological examination showed histological alterations on the liver but not on the kidney. The PHF had considerable toxic effects on the animals.
EFFECT OF EXTRACT AND FRACTIONS OF STEM BARK OF Morinda lucida BENTH (RUBICACEAE) ON CASTOR-OIL INDUCED DIARRHEA IN MICE
Authors: JUDE ALI IBEABUCHI , CELESTINE UGWU OBIORA
Published: December 2024

Morinda lucida Benth is a common Nigerian medicinal plant generally used to cure malaria parasite infection, though there is a lack of scientific reports on its capacity to treat diarrhea. The current study evaluated the effect of extract and fractions of stem bark of Morinda lucida Benth (Rubicaceae) on castor-oil-induced diarrhea in mice. The ground (500 g) was macerated in 2500 mL of methanol for 72 h, thereafter filtered and concentrated to obtain methanol extract. The extract (10 g) was subjected to gradient elution to afford different fractions. The phytochemical screening method was used to investigate the constituents of extract and fractions. The method of Lorke’s was employed in the acute toxicity study. The evaluation of anti-diarrhea activity was carried out by the castor-Oil-induced gastro-intestinal motility model. The secondary metabolites present in the extract and fractions were alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, cardiac glycoside, anthraquinone glycoside, and steroids. The Acute toxicity indicated no mortality or any adverse behavioral change even at 5000 mg/kg body weight. The extract at 200 mg/kg dose gave better antidiarrheal activity than the 400 mg/kg dose indicating that the effect is not dose dependent. Among the fractions ethyl acetate at 400 mg/kg showed better activity and indicated no significant difference when compared to loperamide at 2 mg/kg dose. When compared, the antidiarrheal activity of the extract and fractions differed significantly at (p < 0.05) with negative control. Morinda lucida’s stem bark has an outstanding antidiarrheal effect as a result of its copious bioactive constituents.
DRUGGABILITY AND MOLECULAR DOCKING OF ESSENTIAL SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM Azadirachta indica LEAF AGAINST ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME-2: COVID-19 IN FOCUS
Authors: CHIJIOKE OZIOKO PAUL , OWOHETETE UKAMAKA , DANLADI GAIYA DANIEL
Published: December 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly infectious and virulent coronavirus that arose in late 2019 and poses great risk to public health and safety. The SARS-CoV-2 utilizes peptidase, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for entrance and invasion into host cells. Thus, this study explored the in-silico druggability and molecular docking of essential secondary metabolites (ESMs) from Azadirachta indica leaf as potential inhibitors of ACE-2, a main receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 virus causing the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a literature survey and database mining of known compounds from A. indica in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, 12 secondary metabolites and 5 FDA COVID-19-approved drugs were identified. The in-silico druggability and molecular docking experiments were performed using SwissADME and ADMETlab tools, and Autodock vina and UCSF Chimera respectively. Discovery Studio was used for docking visualization and analyses of ligand-target interactions. The results suggest potential candidates for further consideration. Of the 12 secondary metabolites from A. indica and 5 FDA-approved drugs identified, azadirachtin A, azadirachtin D, azadirachtin H, azadirachtin F, azadirachtin I and nimbolin, and ivermectin showed relatively poor druggability. Of the 5 FDA-approved medications for the treatment of COVID-19 under investigation, only paritaprevir was able to dock (representing 20%); while 6 out of the 12 compounds from A. indica were able to dock perfectly (representing 50%). The best docking results identified paritaprevir, desacetylnimbin, azadiradione, nimbin, nimbolide, nimbinene, and azadirone as capable of binding to ACE-2 with the lowest free energy (binding score) of -14.60, -11.88, -11.60, -12.33, -12.78, -12.58, and -11.40 kcal/mol respectively. This study indicated that desacetylnimbin, azadiradione, nimbin, nimbolide, nimbinene, and azadirone from A. indica leaf are potent inhibitors of hACE2 with high druggability potentials. Hence, they are valuable natural bioactive compounds capable of targeting ACE-2 as potential therapeutics against the SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19.
TOXICITY AND ANTIOXIDANT ASSESSMENT OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF Hibiscus surattensis IN WISTAR RATS: HEPATOTOXICITY EVALUATION
Authors: KEVIN UMANA ISRAEL , ANTHONY TOCHUKWU TOBECHUKWU
Published: December 2024

Hibiscus surattensis is a medicinal plant with a vast beneficial use in the management and cure of a variety of diseases, ranging from urethritis to inflammation and vertigo among others. Notwithstanding the population’s increasing use of it, particularly in rural regions, there is still lack of adequate investigation into its toxicity profile. The aim of this study was to investigate the ethanolic extract of Hibiscus surattensis leaf’s potential for hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. The acute toxicity test was carried out in two phases (phases 1 and 2). Phase 1, used nine mice which were randomized into three groups (n=3), receiving graded doses of the extract as follows: 10, 100, and 1000 mg/kg, ip respectively. Phase 2 used three mice which were randomized into three groups of one mouse each and administered the extract in graded doses of 2000, 3500, and 5000 mg/kg, ip, respectively. They were monitored for behavioral abnormalities, toxicity signs, and mortality for 24 hours following treatment. A subacute toxicity experiment was then carried out, in which Wistar rats were given oral doses of H. surattensis extract (141, 282, and 424 mg/kg) every day for eight (8) days. Behavioural changes, haematological and liver function parameters, in-vivo oxidative stress markers and histological changes were then evaluated. The LD50 of H. surattensis leaf extract was estimated to be 1414 mg/kg. Results revealed significant rise (p<0.01-0.001) in the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), conjugated bilirubin (C.B) and total bilirubin (T.B), as well as in white blood cell (WBC) and platelet at high doses of the extract-treated rats compared to control. A significant reduction was recorded in catalase among other antioxidant parameters while the histopathological evaluations showed mild alterations. While caution is urged during long-term administration, administration of H. surattensis ethanolic extract may be safe at the dosages studied in this investigation
PHARMACOGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF Lasimorpha senegalensis SCHOTT. LEAVES (ARACEAE)
Authors: MARYROSE OKOH GINIKACHUKWU
Published: December 2024

Disinfectants are chemicals that can kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms and are widely used in hospitals and in households. This study was aimed at evaluating the antibacterial activity of six household disinfectants (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 and D6) used in Nsukka, Enugu Nigeria on four clinical bacterial isolates including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The test organisms used were obtained from Medical Diagnostic Laboratory of University of Nigeria, Medical Centre, Nsukka. Dilutions of each disinfectant were prepared. The antibacterial activities of various dilutions of the disinfectants against the test organisms were determined using well diffusion technique. Phenol coefficient of each disinfectant was determined using Rideal-Walker method. Dilutions of phenol (1:80, 1:90 and 1:100) and disinfectants (1:400, 1:450 and 1:500) were prepared. Test organisms (0.1 ml suspension) were inoculated into different dilutions of the disinfectants and phenol. At intervals of 5, 10 and 15 minutes, 0.1 ml was taken from each dilution and inoculated into nutrient broth (2 ml) and incubated for 48 h at 37 oC. All experiments were carried out in duplicates. D3 with active ingredients (chlorhexidine gluconate (0.3%) and cetrimide (3%)) showed the highest inhibition against all the test organisms. D4 with active ingredient (Dichloro-meta-xylenol) showed the least inhibition against all the test organisms followed by D6 with Lysol as active ingredient. The phenol coefficient of the disinfectants ranged from 0-5.5 for the test organisms. All the disinfectants exhibited antibacterial activity and the most active disinfectant contains chlorhexidine gluconate and cetrimide.
Hymenodictyon floribundum (HOCHST. & STEUD) B.L. ROB LEAF EXTRACT AMELIORATES CHRONIC INFLAMMATION-MEDIATED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN WISTAR RATS
Authors: BUSOLA OLORUKOOBA AMINA , SHEHU AISHATU
Published: December 2024

Oxidative stress is crucial in the pathophysiology of many inflammatory disorders. Medicinal plants contain phytoconstituents which have been linked to the inflammatory response within the body due to their antioxidant capacity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Hymenodictyon floribundum ethanol leaf extract (ELHF) on inflammation-induced oxidative stress in rats. Phytochemical screening and acute toxicity effects of ELHF were assessed using established procedures. The induction of oxidative stress was by the cotton pellet-induced inflammation model. Thirty (30) rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1 was treated with distilled water (10 ml/kg), and groups 2, 3, and 4 were orally administered with varying doses of the extract (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg). Group 5 received aspirin 150 mg/kg (standard drug) for 7 days. Administration of ELHF and the standard drug were through the oral route. Blood samples were taken on day 8 of the study and used for the measurement of hematological and biochemical indicators associated with oxidative stress. ELHF was shown to have an oral median lethal dose (LD50) of more than 5000 mg/kg. Numerous phytoconstituents including alkaloids and glycosides were found in the extract. Weight reduction in the dry cotton pellet was observed at the highest dose of 1000 mg/kg. Similarly, wet cotton pellet weight was also reduced at the same dose. An increase in catalase and superoxide dismutase levels was observed in animals treated with ELHF. However, malondialdehyde and platelet levels significantly decreased. These results imply that Hymenodictyon floribundum has antioxidant activity and may therefore be used to treat and manage chronic inflammation, an oxidative stress-related illness.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED FROM Ocimum gratissimum LEAF AGAINST SOME ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT CLINICAL ISOLATES
Authors: DANJUMA LAWAL , ISMAIL MUSLIM , MUHAMMAD SANI NURA
Published: December 2024

The rise of antibiotic resistance necessitates exploring alternative antimicrobial agents. Nanomedicine offers promising solutions, by enhancing the antimicrobial potencies of the plant extracts. The present research aimed at synthesizing, characterizing and determining the antibacterial activity of O. gratissimum leaf synthesized Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) against some antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates. The test bacteria were collected from Dutse General Hospital and Rasheed Shekoni Teaching Hospital and confirmed using standard phenotypic and genotypic techniques. The AgNPs were prepared using the green synthesis method, and characterized using UV-visible spectral analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersion X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The antibacterial activity of the AgNPs was determined using agar well diffusion method. The phytochemicals analysis indicates the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, glycosides, and tannins, with concentrations ranging from 4.964± 0.002 to 1113.064± 14.336 mg/g. The UV-visible spectral analysis shows characteristics of the surface Plasmon peak at 415 nm, where the SEM/ EDS reveals that the particles are spherical, with an average size of 26.58 nm, evenly distributed, and have 65.20% Ag elemental compositions. The FT-IR results show various compound groups participated in the capping and reducing of AgNO3 to AgNPs. The statistical results reveal significant difference (P< 0.05) between various concentrations of the AgNPs treatments, with methanolic extract AgNPs at 100 mg/ml, ciprofloxacin (10 µg), methanolic extract AgNPs at 100 mg/ml, and ethanolic extract AgNPs at 100 mg/ml having highest mean± SD inhibition zones against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. The findings show that S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa are the most susceptible to AgNPs with the smallest Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values, while S. enterica and had the lowest susceptibility with the largest MIC and MBC values. It was concluded that O. gratissimum leaf synthesized AgNPs have antimicrobial effects on some antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates tested. Further research on plant-based synthesized AgNPs is suggested to explore their potential applications.
مستوى الأداء المهني لمديري مدارس مرحلة التعليم العام بوادي حضرموت وعلاقته بالرضا الوظيفي
Authors: الحداد حسن علي حسن
Published: December 2024

هدفت الدراسة للتعرف إلى مستوى الأداء المهني لمديري مدارس مرحلة التعليم العام وعلاقته بالرضا الوظيفي لديهم في مجالات الأداء المهني: (التخطيط، اتخاذ القرارات، المتابعة والتقويم)، ومجالات الرضا الوظيفي: (طبيعة العمل، التفاعل الاجتماعي، الانتماء للمهنة)، في ضوء متغيرات الدراسة (النوع، نوع التعليم، المؤهل العلمي)، تكونت عينة الدراسة من (129) مديرًا ومديرة، جرى اختيارهم بالطريقة العشوائية، وجرى تطوير أداة البحث (الاستبانة) لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة؛ إذ تضمنت (43) فقرة موزعة على محورين لكل محور ثلاثة مجالات، والتأكد من صدقها وثباتها، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن المستوى العام للأداء المهني لمديري مدارس مرحلة التعليم العام في مجالاته الثلاثة بالترتيب: (4.4244، 4.4228، 4.4182)، ومستوى الرضا الوظيفي لديهم في مجالاته الثلاثة بالترتيب: (4.1858، 4.1355، 3.7875). لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة (a≤0.05) في مستوى مجالات الأداء المهني لمديري مدارس مرحلة التعليم العام تعزى لمتغيرات الدراسة، ولا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة في مستوى مجالات الرضا الوظيفي تعزى لمتغيرات الدراسة، ووجود علاقة ارتباطية بين مستوى الأداء المهني لمديري مدارس التعليم العام والرضا الوظيفي، وفي ضوء نتائج الدراسة أوصت الدراسة القيام بالعديد من الأنشطة التي تؤدي إلى رفع الرضا الوظيفي وخصوصا في مجال الانتماء للمهنة، تطوير الأداء المهني لمديري مدارس التعليم العام من خلال تدريبهم لرفع كفاءتهم المهنية.
أثر المرونة الإستراتيجية في تحقيق الميزة التنافسية دراسة ميدانية على البنوك اليمنية بأمانة العاصمة
Authors: المنصوب محمد عبدالسلام , الكميم جمال ناصر
Published: December 2024

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على أثر المرونة الإستراتيجية بأبعادها (مرونة الموارد، مرونة الهيكل التنظيمي، المرونة في تقديم الخدمة) في تحقيق الميزة التنافسية بأبعادها (الجودة، التكلفة، الحصة السوقية، الإبداع) للبنوك اليمنية بأمانة العاصمة، كما هدفت الدراسة إلى معرفة مستوى المرونة الإستراتيجية التي تتمتع بها البنوك اليمنية، وقياس مستوى الميزة التنافسية التي تمتلكها البنوك اليمنية، واتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتم جمع البيانات من خلال أداة الاستبانة، وتكوَّن مجتمع الدراسة من (1146) فردًا، تمثل في (11) بنكًا، وبلغ عدد أفراد العينة المستهدفة (330) فردًا، وفقًا لنموذج كريجسي ومورجان، وباستخدام برنامج (SPSS 27) تم تحليل بيانات الدراسة واختبار فرضياتها.
كما توصلت الدراسة إلى عدد من الاستنتاجات أهمها: وجود أثر إيجابي للمرونة الإستراتيجية في تحقيق الميزة التنافسية في البنوك اليمنية محل الدراسة، أيضًا هناك اهتمام كبير بالمرونة الإستراتيجية بجميع أبعادها، حيث كان أعلى هذه الأبعاد اهتمامًا بُعدي (مرونة الموارد، والمرونة في تقديم الخدمة)، وكان أقلها بُعدًا (مرونة الهيكل التنظيمي)، كما تبين وجود اهتمام عالٍ بالميزة التنافسية، حيث كانت أكثرها اهتمامًا هي أبعاد (التكلفة، الجودة، الحصة السوقية) وأقلها بُعد (الإبداع). وأوصت الدراسة بالآتي: زيادة الاهتمام بتطبيق المرونة الإستراتيجية في البنوك محل الدراسة بكافة مجالاتها، مما سيُمكّنها من التكيّف مع المتغيرات الاقتصادية والسياسية، والاستجابة الفعّالة للتحديات، وينبغي على البنوك محل الدراسة الاهتمام بتعزيز ميزتها التنافسية بكافة أبعادها خصوصًا بعد (الإبداع)، مما سيسهم في فهم احتياجات العملاء بشكل أفضل لتعزيز موقعها التنافسي.
دور المناعة التنظيمية في إدارة الأزمات من وجهة نظر القيادات الإدارية في المؤسسات الاستثمارية في قطاع المياه بأمانة العاصمة صنعاء - اليمن
Authors: المنزوع زايد علي عبد الخالق , اليعري علي داحش مبارك
Published: December 2024

هدفت الدراسة إلى معرفة دور المناعة التنظيمية في إدارة الأزمات من وجهة نظر القيادات الإدارية في المؤسسات الاستثمارية في قطاع المياه، واستخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، ولجمع البيانات الميدانية اعتمد على أداة الاستبانة، وتمثل مجتمع الدراسة بالقيادات الإدارية، ونظرًا لأن حجم المجتمع (243) مفردة فقد تم اعتماد أسلوب الحصر الشامل، وبُعد تحليل بيانات الدراسة واختبار فرضياتها، توصلت الدراسة إلى نتائج عدة أبرزها: وجود موافقة بدرجة (عالية إلى حد ما) من قبل المشاركين في الدراسة على توفر المناعة التنظيمية في المؤسسات الاستثمارية في قطاع المياه، وذلك من خلال حصول المناعة التنظيمية على وزن نسبي (%74)، كما بينت الدراسة وجود موافقة بدرجة (عالية إلى حد ما) من قبل المشاركين في الدراسة على توفر إدارة الأزمات في المؤسسات الاستثمارية في قطاع المياه، وذلك من خلال حصول إدارة الأزمات على وزن نسبي (%73). بالإضافة إلى وجود ارتباط طردي موجب بين المتغير المستقل والمتغير التابع، وأن هناك علاقة تفسيرية ذات دلالة إحصائية للمناعة التنظيمية على إدارة الأزمات، وأوصت الدراسة بأهمية إجراء دراسة مستقبلية حول: أثر إدارة الأزمات في جودة الخدمات في المؤسسات الاستثمارية في قطاع المياه.
دور التعلم الاستراتيجي في تحقيق الميزة التنافسية في قطاع الاتصالات اليمنية
Authors: الحاضري احمد محمد محمد صالح , الكميم جمال ناصر
Published: December 2024

هدفت الدراسة إلى معرفة دور التعلم الاستراتيجي في تحقيق الميزة التنافسية في قطاع الاتصالات اليمنية، واستخدمت الدراسة المنهج الكمي بأسلوبه الوصفي التحليلي والاستبانة بوصفها أداءة لجمع بيانات الدراسة، وتكوَّن مجتمع الدراسة من الإشرافيين في المستويات الإدارية وعددهم (806) فرداً، وتم استخدام أسلوب العينة العشوائية الطبقية لاختيار عينة عددها (271) فرداً باستخدام نموذج كريجسي ومورجان، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج أهمها: إن مستوى التعلم الاستراتيجي وتحقيق الميزة التنافسية في قطاع الاتصالات اليمنية محل الدراسة جاء بدرجة عالية إلى حدٍ ما، وجود دور ذو دلالة إحصائية للتعلم الاستراتيجي في تحقيق الميزة التنافسية في قطاع الاتصالات اليمنية محل الدراسة.
أساليب (الاستفهام، النداء، النفي) بين العربية والسقطرية
Authors: الرميلي أحمد عيسى أحمد
Published: December 2024

حرصًا من الباحث على دراسة اللغة السقطرية جاءت هذه الدراسة بعنوان: أساليب (الاستفهام، النداء، النفي) بين العربية والسقطرية، وقُسِّمتْ على ثلاثة مباحث، الأول بعنوان (أسلوب الاستفهام)، تحدثت فيها الدراسة عن الاستفهام، تعريفه وأدواته والحذف فيه في اللغتين، والثاني بعنوان: (النداء)، جرى الحديث فيه عن تعريف النداء وأدواته والحذف فيه في اللغتين، وجرى الحديث فيه عن بعض المسائل المتعلقة بالنداء كالاستغاثة والمتعجب منه والندبة، والثالث بعنوان: (النفي)، جرى الحديث فيه عن تعريف النفي وأدواته في اللغتين، وفي كل جزئية من جزئيات المباحث الثلاثة سعت الدراسة إلى الموازنة والمقارنة بين اللغتين؛ لمعرفة أوجه التشابه والاختلاف بينهما.
وتظهر أهمية هذه الدراسة في أنها تخدم اللغة السقطرية، وترفد المكتبة العربية بأبحاث تتعلق بها، وتكشف مواطن الاتفاق والاختلاف في الأساليب المدروسة بين اللغتين، وتهدف إلى معرفة الأدوات المستخدمة للأساليب المدروسة في السقطرية، وإلى معرفة مواطن الاتفاق بين اللغتين في الأساليب المدروسة، وتسعى إلى إيجاد دراسة علمية للأساليب المدروسة في اللغتين.
وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى نتائج، منها: أنَّ السقطرية تمتلك أدواتٍ خاصة بها للأساليب المدروسة، كما أنَّ السقطرية يمكنها حذف أداة الاستفهام والنداء والمنادى مثل العربية، كما نجد السقطرية تمتلك عددًا أقل من الأدوات، واتخذت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي والمقارن، فيجري وصف المادة، ثم العمل على المقارنة بين اللغتين.
Bridging Maritime Communication Gaps: The Role of LEO Satellites in Expanding Global Connectivity
Authors: Aboul-Dahab Karim Mohamed
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Direct device -to-device is the latest and potentially the biggest opportunity in the telecom business as the gap between satellite and ground communication is narrowing. Respectively, the telecom companies and mobile network operators are interested in increasing the coverage of their telecom networks which will boost the quality of services and will increase the revenues as well. In this regard, Low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellite mega-constellations, such as SpaceX Starlink, are under fast deployments and promise broadband Internet to remote areas that terrestrial networks cannot reach. This paper will investigate the opportunities and challenges facing the LEO mega-constellation and satellite networks in the maritime industry.
SMART EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES AS A FACTOR OF SMART SHIPPING DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Makashina Irina
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Maritime universities face the need to rethink and restructure the learning experience to provide the level of education, corresponding to the challenges and opportunities of the Maritime industry. One of the ways of achieving the goal is wide implementation of smart educational technologies in educational process. Education is considered as the area in which information technology has brought much changes and an evident shifting from the traditional educational means to the ergatic educational environment by smart technologies use is capable to provide smart shipping industry with smart specialists to work in it.
The offered paper deals with the aspects of intellectualization of Maritime education and shows the main issues associated with the implementation of virtual and argumented reality technologies in educational process and proposals on their efficient use. The correlation between the smart educational technologies and the professional environments in the maritime ergatic systems is considered. The conditions for the organization of immersive learning and criteria of its efficiency are defined and grounded. It is shown that the effect of immersiveness is achieved by repeated immersion under certain conditions that simulate real professional activity. It is determined that the issue of the smart education development is connected not only with the development of technologies, but also with the formation of the education quality, for which these technologies are invented, but still they serve as a means and not goals.
This paper considers smart educational technologies at three levels, including: the process of education, its management, and the environment in which they are effected. It is emphasized that smart educational technologies are the significant factor of Smart shipping development.
A learning system model, combining the advantages of the traditional learning system with the capabilities of the ergatic educational environment resources is offered. The paper proves that the concept of smart maritime education, involving flexibility, the use of a large number of sources, the diversity of used simulators, etc. is one of the promising tendencies both for Maritime education and further smart shipping development.
CRENÇAS DE AUTOEFICÁCIA, ATITUDES E ATRIBUIÇÃO DE CAUSALIDADE EM MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Coutinho Milena Conceição , Pirola Nelson Antonio
Published: December 2024

A transição do 5.º para o 6.º ano acarreta mudanças tanto nos aspectos afetivos como nos aspectos cognitivos dos alunos inseridos nesse contexto escolar, impactando seu processo de ensino e aprendizagem da Matemática. A presente pesquisa teve o objetivo de investigar as possíveis diferenças significativas entre as variáveis crenças de autoeficácia, atitudes em relação à Matemática e atribuição de sucesso e fracasso dos alunos em transição do 5.º para o 6.º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Os participantes foram 95 alunos do 5.º ano e 78 alunos do 6.º ano, que responderam a dois questionários, duas escalas e uma prova e, ainda, participaram de uma entrevista semiestruturada. A análise dos dados mostrou haver diferenças significativas entre as crenças de autoeficácia dos alunos em ambos os anos, sendo a menor pontuação obtida pelos alunos do 6.º ano. Por outro lado, com relação às atitudes, o resultado apontou não haver diferenças significativas entre as pontuações da escala ao comparar os dois anos escolares. Em se tratando da atribuição de sucesso e fracasso, com o avanço na escolaridade, os alunos passaram a se responsabilizar mais pelo seu desempenho em Matemática. Logo, concluiu-se que para essa amostra, a transição do 5.º para o 6.º ano não gerou tantos impactos negativos na vida escolar dos alunos visto que, pela análise de todos os instrumentos citados, não foi possível notar diferenças significativas de modo geral.
The Place of Mobile Health in the Health Sector, Barriers and Opportunities, Integrated Technologies and Usage Areas Affecting the Development of Mobile Health: A Review of the Literature in All Aspects
Authors: Damar Muhammet , Kop Oguzhan , Şaylan Ömer Faruk , Erenay F. Safa
Published: December 2024

Mobile health (m-Health) is a crucial component of electronic health, and eHealth involves utilizing the possibilities provided by information and communication technologies to enhance the diagnosis, treatment, and accessibility of healthcare services, aiming to deliver high-quality, efficient, and effective healthcare to all stakeholders in the healthcare sector. Mobile health specifically refers to the provision of healthcare services using mobile technologies and communication tools such as mobile phones, patient monitoring devices, and personal digital assistants. With the increasing adoption of mobile technologies, mobile health is gaining greater importance within healthcare systems. Mobile applications are utilized in various domains such as disease prevention, reduction of risk factors, promotion of physical activity and quality of life, as well as diagnosis, treatment, feedback, and monitoring. In our research, we accessed over 600 documents via Google Scholar and 916 documents via Web of Science using the keywords "Health Sector Mobile Technology." We evaluated and synthesized the findings within the framework of topic headings identified by researchers, encompassing research and review articles included in Web of Science. Our study primarily involves document analysis, focusing on the potential transformation of healthcare service delivery globally through the use of mobile and wireless technologies to achieve health goals worldwide. The literature review identified 15 distinct areas where the healthcare sector, health research, and mobile technology can be grouped under the umbrella of mobile health research. Each topic was evaluated with regard to its scope and application areas in the literature.
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP AGRESIVITAS PAJAK
Authors: Kumara Dewi Winona , Wahyuni EDT Risa , Sephia Muchda Anisa
Published: December 2024

Agresivitas pajak merupakan strategi yang dilakukan perusahaan untuk meminimalkan beban pajak yang akan di tanggung perusahaan dengan melakukan perencanaan pajak (tax planning) baik menggunakan cara yang legal (tax avoidance) maupun cara yang illegal (tax evasion). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh Profitablitas dan Leverage terhadap Agresivitas Pajak yang diuji secara parsial dan simultan.Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan Manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2021- 2023.Data dalam penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder yang bersumber dari laporan keuangan tahunan perusahaan dan jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 59 perusahaan Manufaktur dengan total sampel 177 laporan keuangan selama 3 tahun periode penelitian.Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini diuji dengan menggunakan teknik linear berganda menggunakan SPSS versi-16.Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel Profitabilitas secara parsial  berpengaruh positif terhadap Agresivitas pajak, Leverage secara parsial tidak berpengaruh terhadap Agresivitas Pajak, adapun secara simultan variabel Profitabilitas dan Leverage secara bersama – sama berpengaruh terhadap Agresivitas Pajak pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2021 – 2023.
MEMORIA DEMOCRÁTICA EN EL MÁSTER DE ENSEÑANZA SECUNDARIA
Authors: Sebastiá-Alcaraz Rafael
Published: December 2024

Diferentes normativas como la Ley 52/2007, la Ley 20/2022, o la Ley Orgánica 3/2020, regulan la incorporación de la memoria democrática como contenido dentro del sistema educativo español. Sin embargo, el desarrollo legislativo no es suficiente para que se cumpla lo prescrito por el legislador. Por esta razón, la presente investigación se ha dirigido a conocer representaciones y otras circunstancias que influyen o afectan a la introducción de este contenido dentro de la formación inicial del profesorado de Educación Secundaria y Bachillerato. El instrumento utilizado en la investigación ha sido un cuestionario al que han respondido docentes en activo. Los resultados obtenidos permiten realizar las siguientes consideraciones. La principal fortaleza para la innovación e introducción de la memoria democrática reside en que la mayoría de los docentes consideran que la memoria democrática debería estar presente en el conjunto de asignaturas del currículo. Los puntos débiles se concentran esencialmente en el desconocimiento de materiales y recursos didácticos para la enseñanza de la misma. Esta debilidad justifica la revisión de diferentes aspectos, como documentación oficial, formación del profesorado, difusión de materiales y recursos didácticos, métodos didácticos con la finalidad de contribuir a cumplir lo prescrito en la normativa.
Poéticas de blockchain: dinámicas colaborativas en comunidades nft
Authors: Santiso Aissa
Published: December 2024

A modo de onboarding el presente texto muestra algunas de las herramientas adoptadas por comunidades NFT a la hora de entender los procesos colaborativos que se dan en blockchain. En la investigación se recogen algunos casos de estudio de proyectos colectivos NFT realizados por comunidades LATAM entre los años 2021-2023 así cómo la emergencia de unas éticas colaborativas coherentes con unas lógicas técnicas nativas de esta tecnología. Se verá el sentido que adquieren los recursos como royalties, splits, billeteras multifirma y DAOs para implementar estas lógicas colaborativas desde lo técnico. Para acercarnos a estas éticas adoptadas por las comunidades NFT en este aspecto, mencionaré la relación que algunas comunidades en blockchain mantienen con una tradición política cypherpunk y con el pensamiento e-commerce de los High-Tech Hayekians.
TRANSLATING (WITH) FRANK. LAS TEMPORALIDADES ASINCRÓNICO-ACELERADAS DE UN ALGORITMO URBANO
Authors: Morera Diego , Delso Rodrigo
Published: December 2024

En cualquier esquina de la ciudad, miles de algoritmos se cruzan optimizando repartos de productos, procesando cámaras CCTV, geolocalizando personas, ingiriendo datos de sensores medioambientales, midiendo el nivel de ruido o la limpieza de las calles, calculando la mejor zona para abrir una nueva tienda o asistiendo a los técnicos urbanistas en la toma de sus decisiones. La mayoría de estos algoritmos vinculados a la economía digital, se procesan en servidores online, mientras que las consecuencias de sus cálculos se materializan en espacios físicos, aumentando la complejidad de compresión del medio urbano en general.
La presente investigación explora el impacto socio-espacial de las plataformas de entrega de comida a domicilio como agentes urbanos de pleno derecho. Estas plataformas utilizan sus algoritmos bajo lógicas temporales asincrónicas, priorizando la eficiencia y aceleración, lo que genera tensiones con otras temporalidades urbanas. El estudio se centra en el algoritmo "Frank" de Deliveroo, desarrollado entre 2018-2021, que optimizaba la eficiencia mediante cálculos predictivos y modelos de machine learning, y se investigan las implicaciones de estas operaciones, destacando cómo las infraestructuras urbanas actuales, basadas en datos y algoritmos, están reformulando la manera en que experimentamos y vivimos el tiempo en la ciudad.
Deteksi Kerentanan Keamanan Dan Mitigasi Situs Web Crowdo.Co.Id Berbasis OWASP Zed Attack Proxy (ZAP )
Authors: Mochammad Fadilah  , Nur Nawaningtyas
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze security vulnerabilities and mitigation on the crowdo.co.id website using the OWASP Zed Attack Proxy (ZAP) tool, which is a web application security testing tool. High-level security attacks have increasingly risen alongside the advancement of information technology, making vulnerability testing crucial to ensure the integrity and security of information systems. This research involved scanning the crowdo.co.id website to identify various vulnerabilities, including those listed in the OWASP Top 10. The research process encompassed active and passive scanning, data analysis from the scans, and the formulation of mitigation strategies for each identified vulnerability. The findings revealed that the website had 14 detected vulnerabilities, consisting of 1 high-priority vulnerability, 3 medium-priority vulnerabilities, 7 low-priority vulnerabilities, and 3 additional informational alerts. The security dimensions tested included potential XSS attacks, SQL Injection, and other deficiencies that could jeopardize user data. Based on these results, recommended mitigations include code improvements, enhanced security configurations, and the implementation of additional preventive measures. This study concludes that while the website’s security is in the medium category, further improvements are necessary to reduce vulnerability risks. Through this approach, the study provides significant contributions to enhancing web application security.