bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Borderline Fields of Information Architecture
Authors: Koltay Tibor
Published: August 2017

This chapter addresses the complex relationships between information architecture and information overload from the viewpoint of the information professional. It is discussed in the light of information literacy, which cannot be considered without a discussion of other related literacies. Special attention and extended length will be given to data literacy, which is relatively new, but is on the way of gaining particular weight with the growing importance of data-related issues. As borderline fields of information architecture, information overload, the different literacies and personal information management play dissimilar roles. Information overload is the symptom, while well-known approaches and tools of information architecture, information literacy and other literacies, as well as personal information management offer different tools to alleviate these symptoms. Notwithstanding, there is undeniable connection between them, which should be made subject to further research.
Informatization and Digital Citizenship
Authors: Farmer Lesley S. J.
Published: August 2017

This chapter examines the bases for informatization and describes the conditions for meaningful and responsible participation in the informatized society, both in the workplace and in the civic world in general. Where eighty percent of U.S. labor is concentrated in the service sector, and technology permeates workplace functions, society is becoming informatized: driven by information. Information and digital literacy are required worker skills. Additionally, workers need to use information and technology ethically. Governments and workplaces need to set the conditions for knowledgeable, responsible, and participatory citizens and workers so that institutions and society as a whole can improve. Because informatization intersects with globalization, responsible cross-cultural interaction also needs to be addressed.
Political and Cultural Issues in Digital Public Administration
Authors: Alican Fuat
Published: August 2017

Political and cultural aspects of digital public undertakings in developing countries are often neglected as more emphasis is placed on the technological components. The mutual impact between political or cultural issues and emerging trends such as cloud computing and social networks exacerbate the problem. This chapter analyzes political and cultural issues which have a significant impact on digital public administration and e-government initiatives in developing countries, also taking into consideration the emerging tendencies and technologies. It combines theory and practice, including studies that demonstrate different political or cultural issues involved in the digital undertakings in these countries, examples from different contexts and nations, and a case study from Turkey. The chapter starts with examples of different political issues, analyzing and summarizing some of the most relevant of these issues, including existing literature related to each subject. It continues with cultural issues. The subsequent section contains a discussion of how political and cultural issues relate to the tendencies of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) sector, and why this context is important for digital initiatives in developing countries, as an initial guide to existing and future challenges. The chapter ends with the case of Turkey, which demonstrates political and cultural issues faced on both national and regional levels, in the context of digital public administration and emerging trends in ICTs.
Lifestyle Diglossia and Mobile
Authors: Saxena Mukul
Published: August 2017

This chapter proposes to chart the development of understanding of literacy as a practice, which is now digital in nature and globally distributed, therefore digital literacy practices require new lenses and ways of research explorations. The notion of literacy has shifted from being autonomous to ideological during the last three decades. It is not seen anymore as a single unified competence, but as changing from place to place and varying in different social-cultural contexts. Despite the fact that there are different writing systems that are used in different ways in different contexts, the differences between them are no longer seen as primarily technical (Graff, 1979; Heath, 1983; Street, 1993). The differences that do exist between literacies are seen as being due to differences in cultural practices, values and ideologies. As a consequence, the methodological shift towards ethnographic research on literacy has arisen from a fundamental change in thinking about the nature of literacy and the development of the “new literacy studies” (Street, 1993: 4). Ethnographic approaches to literacy, such as those developed by Heath (1983), Street (1984), Barton (1991, 1994) and others are based on the everyday uses of written language(s) by specific groups and subgroups in a specific locality. According to Graff, these approaches to literacy provide “both new and better cases for study, opportunity for explanations, and approaches to literacy's variable historical meaning and contribution” (1986: 127). The ethnographic research on literacies in multilingual contexts (e.g. Saxena, 1994; Hartley, 1994) further contributed to the development of ‘new literacy studies' (NLS). However, with the development of mobile devices during the last decade and the allied software industries, digital literacy communication has become synonymous with globalisation and a divergence between the literacy practices in ‘regulated spaces' and ‘unregulated spaces' (Sebba, 2009) particularly among the youth is becoming a marked feature of inter-personal communication. Sebba defines ‘unregulated spaces' as places where the prescriptiveness of standardisation and monolingualism has not yet reached, or where it holds no power and practices may deviate from the prescribed norms. Such spaces open up opportunities for identity construction and group definition.
What Does Digital Media Allow Us to “Do” to One Another?
Authors: Alvermann Donna E. , Beach Crystal L. , Boggs George L.
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this integrative review of theory and research is to assess the economic impact of digital media in ways that are unreached by instrumental means of measuring economic activity. Specifically, we use three overarching arguments identified from a review of the literature that broadly defines the economic force of digital media content in contemporary society. We contextualize those arguments in terms of current issues in the field and gaps in the research base before concluding with a discussion of the implications of what we learned for education, civic engagement, social practice, and policy.
Impact of Product-Service Systems on the Energy Efficiency of Machine Tools
Authors: Mert Gülsüm , Aurich Jan Christian
Published: August 2017

Many machine tool manufacturers offer services to support their customers over the lifetime of a product. This kind of integration of products and services is called Product-Service Systems (PSS). PSS offer advantages for the customers as well as for PSS providers because they fulfill customers’ requirements and ensure a long and successful customer relationship. Since sustainability is getting more and more important and customers are interested in sustainable solutions, PSS providers need to improve the environmental impact of their products and services continuously. Under this aspect, an approach is necessary that identifies the ecological potential of services for machine tools. In this paper, an approach to analyze the impact of Product-Service Systems on the energy efficiency of machine tools is presented.
Dealing with Uncertainties in Manufacturing Process Simulations
Authors: Ruediger Patrick , Hagen Hans
Published: August 2017

Uncertainty in manufacturing processes is as old as the manufacturing process itself. Simulationson the other hand are always certain in their outcome based on the chosen parameters. Nonethelessit makes sense to incorporate uncertainties in the simulation for validation and analysis of the realand simulated processes. This paper aims on highlighting the importance of an accurate understandingand measurement of uncertainty for simulation validation and thus to increase the significance andacceptance of simulation results in the working environment.
An Adaptive Discrete Element Method for Physical Modeling of the Selective Laser Sintering Process
Authors: Gobal Arash , Ravani Bahram
Published: August 2017

Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) has recently become one of the fastest growing additive manufacturing processes due to its capability of fabricating metal parts with high dimensional accuracy and surface quality. Physical modeling of this process plays an important role in properly controlling the process parameters of the process. In this paper, we present a 3 dimensional, adaptive discrete element method for simulation of the SLS process on personal computers. The presented method models the laser-powder interaction at particle level, achieving high simulation accuracy while adaptively increasing the discrete element size as local temperatures drop inside the powder bed for improved efficiency. Numerical shape functions are developed for calculating individual particle temperatures at any point during the simulation. Results show that this physical model improves the runtime significantly in virtual simulation of SLS process without loss of simulation accuracy.
Modeling of the Effective Properties of Metal Matrix Composites Using Computational Homogenization
Authors: York Duran José L. , Kuhn Charlotte , Müller Ralf
Published: August 2017

On the macrolevel metal matrix composites (MMCs) resemble a homogeneous material. However, on the microlevel they have an inhomogeneous microstructure. This paper will show how heterogeneities affect the effective macroscopic properties the material, i.e. the effective properties. This investigation is done using computational homogenization techniques. Finite element (FE) simulations were conducted in ABAQUS in combination with MATLAB, using material parameters for aluminum alloy AA2124 and silicon carbide SiC to develop a representative volume element (RVE) of the MMC AMC217xe.
Learning Management Systems (LMS) and e-learning management: an integrative review and research agenda
Authors: De Oliveira Paulo Cristiano , José Castro de Almeida Cunha Cristiano , Keiko Nakayama Marina
Published: August 2017

Information Technology (IT) can be an important component for innovation since enabling e-learning it can provide conditions to which the organization can work with new business and improved processes. In this regard, the Learning Management Systems (LMS) allows communication and interaction between teachers and students in virtual spaces. However the literature indicates that there are gaps in the researches, especially concerning the use of IT for the management of e-learning. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the available literature about the application of LMS for the e-learning management, seeking to present possibilities for researches in the field. An integrative literature review was performed considering the Web of Science, Scopus, Ebsco and Scielo databases, where 78 references were found, of which 25 were full papers. This analysis derives interesting characteristics from scientific studies, highlighting gaps and guidelines for future research.
HEALTHCARE INFORMATION SYSTEMS INTEGRATION USING SOA
Authors: Siqueira Otávio Manuel Pereira , Oliveira Robert Anderson Nogueira , Oliveira Adicinéia Aparecida de
Published: August 2017

The growing pressure to increase the quality of health services, as well as reducing costs, has caused healthcare organizations to increase the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) through the development and adoption of Healthcare Information Systems (HIS). However, the need for exchange of information between HIS and between organizations has also increased, resulting in the problem of interoperability. This problem is considered complex, but the use of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) appears as a good way to address this issue. This paper presents a systematic review, performed in order to find out how and in which contexts SOA is being used to ensure the interoperability of HIS.
Information Technology Governance in Public Organizations: Identifying mechanisms that meet its goals while respecting principles
Authors: Wiedenhöft Guilherme Costa , Luciano Edimara Mezzomo , Magnagnagno Odirlei Antonio
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this article is to identify and validate a list of mechanisms that can meet the objectives and principles of IT Governance (ITG) in public organizations. These mechanisms can be useful to public organizations when implementing their ITG model. ITG mechanisms are a key part of an ITG model because high-level definitions (principles and objectives) are operationalized through them. This exploratory and descriptive cross-sectional research used qualitative and quantitative data. Data were collected in a literature review, structured interviews with ITG professionals and a survey with IT and Business Managers who belong to a network of managers, which is one of the main instances to discuss the ITG model. The results are a preliminary list of mechanisms identified through qualitative data and a final list of mechanisms validated through quantitative data. The focus is on public organizations because the necessity of an ITG model as a better means to govern the electronic services adoption in order to increase the public value to society.
Enhancing Patient Safety Event Reporting
Authors: Kang Hong , Wu Xinshuo , Hua Lei , Gong Yang
Published: August 2017

Objectives: Electronic patient safety event reporting (e-reporting) is an effective mechanism to learn from errors and enhance patient safety. Unfortunately, the value of e-reporting system (a software or web server based platform) in patient safety research is greatly overshadowed by low quality reporting. This paper aims at revealing the current status of system features, detecting potential gaps in system design, and accordingly proposing suggestions for future design and implementation of the system.

Methods: Three literature databases were searched for publications that contain informative descriptions of e-reporting systems. In addition, both online publicly accessible reporting forms and systems were investigated.

Results: 48 systems were identified and reviewed. 11 system design features and their frequencies of occurrence (Top 5: widgets (41), anonymity or confidentiality (29), hierarchy (20), validator (17), review notification (15)) were identified and summarized into a system hierarchical model.

Conclusions: The model indicated the current e-reporting systems are at an immature stage in their development, and discussed their future development direction toward efficient and effective systems to improve patient safety.

Citation: Gong Y, Kang H, Wu X, Hua L. Enhancing Patient Safety Event Reporting. Appl Clin Inform 2017; 8: 893–909 https://doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2016-02-R-0023
Investigating the Impacts of Saharan Dust on Tropical Deep Convection Using Spectral Bin Microphysics
Authors: Gibbons Matthew , Min Qilong , Fan Jiwen
Published: August 2017

Abstract. To better understand the impacts of dust aerosols on deep convective cloud (DCC) systems reported by previous observational studies, a case study in the tropical eastern Atlantic was investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with a Spectral Bin Microphysics (SBM) model. A detailed set of ice nucleation parameterizations linking ice formation with aerosol particles have been implemented in the SBM. Increasing IN concentration in the dust cases results in the formation of more numerous small ice particles in the heterogeneous nucleation regime (between −5 °C and −38 °C) compared to the background (Clean) case. Convective updrafts are invigorated by increased latent heat release due to depositional growth and riming of these more numerous particles, which results in increased overshooting and higher convective core top heights. Competition between the more numerous particles for available water vapour during diffusional growth and available smaller crystals/drops during collection reduces particle growth rates and shifts precipitation formation to higher altitudes in the heterogeneous nucleation regime. Homogeneous ice formation is reduced in the dust cases as IN concentration is increased, due to more liquid drops converting to ice by freezing or riming before reaching −38 °C and reduced peak supersaturation values from increased diffusional growth. Local IN activation in the stratiform regime contributes to increased cloudiness in the heterogeneous nucleation regime. A greater number of large snow particles form in the dust cases, which are transported from the core into the stratiform regime and sediment out quickly. Together with reduced homogeneous ice formation, fewer particles form within and/or are transported into the anvil regime. This shifts the stratiform/anvil cloud occurrence frequency to warmer temperatures and reduces anvil cloud extents. Total surface precipitation accumulation is reduced proportionally as IN concentration is increased, due to less efficient graupel formation reducing convective rain rates. Stratiform precipitation accumulation is increased due to greater snow formation and growth, but does not counteract the reduced convective accumulation. Riming efficiency in the dust cases is reduced due to smaller cloud ice crystals, resulting in smaller graupel sizes overall. Ice particle aggregation occurs earlier in the simulation and over a wider temperature range in the dust cases, which increases snow formation in the heterogeneous nucleation regime. Radar reflectivity values are increased in the dust cases at temperatures below 0 °C in both the convective and stratiform regimes due to more large snow particles. More numerous small ice/graupel particles that form in the heterogeneous nucleation regime in the dust cases melt and reduce reflectivity values in the convective core near the surface, consistent with case study observations.
Stakeholder-based evaluation categories for regional climate services – a case study at the German Baltic Sea coast
Authors: Meinke Insa
Published: August 2017

Abstract. In this study, categories, dimensions, and criteria for evaluating regional climate services are derived by a participatory approach with potential service users at the German Baltic Sea coast. The development is carried out within nine face-to-face interviews conducted with decision makers, working in climate sensitive sectors at the German Baltic Sea coast. Three main groups of categories were localized which seem to matter most to the considered stakeholders and which seem to be crucial evaluation categories for regional climate services: (1) credibility, (2) relevance, and (3) appropriateness. For each of these evaluation categories several dimensions emerged, indicating certain perspectives of stakeholder demands. When summarizing these evaluation categories and their dimensions, 13 evaluation criteria for regional climate services can be derived (see Table 1). The results show that stakeholders do mainly address components other than those found in the literature (e.g. inputs, process, outputs, outcomes, and impacts). This might indicate that an evaluation, following solely literature-based (non-participative) components, is not sufficient to localize deficiencies or efficiencies within a regional climate service, since it might lead to results which are not relevant for potential users.
Households’ Willingness to Pay for Community Based Health Insurance Scheme: in Kewiot and EfratanaGedem Districts of Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Mogessie Eshetu Mamo , Bekele Getamesay
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine determinants of Rural Households’ Willingness to pay (WTP) for Community Based Health Insurance Scheme, in Kewiot and EfratanaGedem districts of Amhara region, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional design that followed a quantitative approach was used. Pre-tested structural and interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect the desired data. A total of 392 sample rural households were taken by systematic random method. The contingent valuation method of double bounded dichotomous choice format (with calibration strategy) is applied to elicit households’ willingness to pay for the scheme. An interval regression model is used to estimate the mean willingness to pay and to explore the degree of association between predicted WTP and predictor variables. Households’ WTP for the scheme is found significantly associated with factor variables such as gender, education status, family size, level of awareness about the scheme, respondents’ trust in the scheme management, family ill health experience, households’ perceptions on health service quality, and their annual income level. The mean WTP amount is found 211ETB ($10.5) per annum per household. The result clearly shows that 79 % rural households are willing to pay for the scheme. Therefore, despite these factors affecting the rural households’ WTP, there is a potential demand for the community based health insurance scheme. We suggest that, among others, to improve the quality of health care and to build up community awareness and trust on the scheme management have paramount to enhance households’ WTP and hence, to expand health insurance coverage.
Tratamento da dor orofacial através da acupuntura em pacientes com bruxismo: um estudo de revisão
Authors: Santos Joelson , Recco Pamella , Mota Guilherme , Holanda Antônio Vinícius , Junior Valdeci Elias dos Santos
Published: August 2017

O bruxismo é um hábito parafuncional que consiste em ranger e apertar os dentes, envolvendo movimentos rítmicos, semelhantes ao da mastigação, causando fadiga muscular e dor. As dores orofaciais sempre foram causa de preocupação na odontologia, portanto é constante a busca por novos tratamentos terapêuticos, como por exemplo, a acupuntura. Objetivo: o objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar uma revisão de literatura com ênfase nos mecanismos pelos quais a acupuntura pode se mostrar eficaz na analgesia de pacientes com bruxismo, descrevendo as principais bases científicas dessa técnica. Materiais e método: a estratégia de busca das publicações incluiu as bases de dados Medline, Lilacs e Pubmed. A seleção dos artigos foi feita com base nos seguintes critérios: ter sido escrito em inglês, espanhol ou português; apresentar resumo estruturado e abordar aspectos que relacionem o mecanismo de ação e a efetividade da acupuntura sobre a dor oriunda de bruxismo. Considerações finais: o mecanismo de ação da acupuntura ainda não está claro, mas verifica-se que com a aplicação desta técnica há uma liberação endógena de diversos mediadores químicos, como os opióides, acetilcolina e cortisona, influenciando na percepção da dor. Desta forma, essa terapia representa uma alternativa terapêutica no tratamento da dor facial crônica e miofacial, como as provenientes do bruxismo.
In vitro methods to evaluate the mechanical behavior of teeth restored with post and core: a structured review
Authors: Fraga Sara , Aurélio Iana Lamadrid , Rippe Marília Pivetta , Kaizer Osvaldo Bazzan , Valandro Luiz Felipe
Published: August 2017

Objective: to critically assess in vitro methods used to evaluate the mechanical behavior of endodontically treated teeth restored with intra-radicular posts and cores. Literature review: a literature search of in vitro studies was conducted in PubMed database using the search terms (“endodontic*” OR “intracanal post”) AND (“fracture” OR “resistance” OR “load” OR “strength”). A filter for publication date was set to return studies from the last five years (from October 2010 to October 2015). The research strategy resulted in 1,556 studies. After the analysis of the eligibility criteria, 92 articles were included in a descriptive analysis. Human upper central incisors were used most frequently. The natural mobility of teeth was simulated using an artificial periodontal ligament in 66.7% of the studies. In 32.2% of the studies, the load to fracture was applied directly to the core. Thermocycling was performed in 27.2% of the studies. Cyclic loading was used in 38% of the studies. Final considerations: periodontal ligament simulation, thermocycling and cyclic loads are some methods that have been employed to approximate laboratory studies to the clinical conditions that teeth restored intra-radicular posts and cores are submitted. Novel test methodologies, such as step-test and staircase approach, have been used to evaluate the fatigue behavior of this systems. However, it is important do highlight that, considering the context in which most of the included studies were performed, the extrapolation of the results to the clinical practice should be made carefully
Perfil e percepção de profissionais dos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Frichembruder Karla , Hugo Fernando Neves , Hilgert Juliana Balbinot
Published: August 2017

Objetivo: traçar o perfil e descrever a percepção dos profissionais sobre condições e relações de trabalho e o grau de satisfação ao atuar no Centro de Especialidades do Rio Grande do Sul. Sujeitos e método: 108 profissionais de 17 Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas do Rio Grande do Sul participaram do estudo e responderam a um questionário estruturado. Resultados: os resultados revelaram a presença de um grupo equilibradamente distribuído segundo o sexo, com idade média de 41,9 anos (±11,2), predomínio de etnia branca, alta frequência de pós graduados (81,5%) e maior proporção de vínculo empregatício formal (67,6%). A maioria dos elementos relativos às condições e relações de

trabalho foi julgada positivamente, com exceção do aspecto salarial e do dimensionamento da equipe de auxiliares em saúde bucal. O grau de satisfação com o trabalho nos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas

foi alto. Conclusão: os resultados apontam para uma relação positiva entre os profissionais e destes com seu ambiente de trabalho. Os elementos de maior fragilidade foram: condições de vinculação de trabalho no interior do Estado, condições salariais, atividades de capacitação, ações de educação permanente e o dimensionamento da equipe de pessoal auxiliar.
Optimization of Horizontal Well Direction and Length Considering Geomechanics Properties and Drainage Area Using Genetic Algorithm in A Gas Field
Authors: Aziz Prasandi Abdul , Ariadji Tutuka
Published: August 2017

To maximize a horizontal well production, we need to determine the optimum direction and horizontal well length that maximizes the gas field recovery for a certain constant flow rate called by plateau rate. This problem is conventionally solved by using a reservoir simulation model and trial and error procedure that consumes considerably a lot of time and efforts. This study uses a random search method, i.e., Genetic Algorithm (GA), to solve this optimization problem and it very much eases to find the best well location with less time and efforts consumed.Along the general technique in directing a horizontal well towards the least principal stress of rocks, this study considers the geomechanics effects that influence the gas production performance. And also, the drainage area of horizontal well will be considered in this study to obtain the optimum horizontal well direction and length. In order to do this, a new proposed objective function for the GA has been constructed based on basic reservoir properties (i.e., porosity, permeability and gas saturation) and geomechanics properties (i.e., Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio). The results of the proposed method are validated using a reservoir model and economics evaluation.It may be concluded that the applying GA, with the appropriate objective function, can give accurate and faster results compared with the trial and error method using reservoir simulator, technically and economically, and also the proposed method is able to reduce the amount of works considerably time.
Binomial-exponential 2 Distribution: Different Estimation Methods and Weather Applications
Authors: Bakouch Hassan S , Dey Sanku , Ramos Pedro Luiz , Louzada Francisco
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we have considered different estimation methods of the unknown parameters of a binomial-exponential 2 distribution. First, we briefly describe different frequentist approaches such as the method of moments, modified moments, ordinary least-squares estimation, weightedleast-squares estimation, percentile, maximum product of spacings, Cramer-von Mises type minimum distance, Anderson-Darling and Right-tail Anderson-Darling, and compare them using extensive numerical simulations. We apply our proposed methodology to three real data sets related to the total monthly rainfall during April, May and September at Sao Carlos, Brazil.
A General Boundary Condition with Linear Flux for Advection-Diffusion Models
Authors: Miyaoka Tiago Yuzo , Meyer João Frederico da Costa Azevedo , Souza Juliana Marta Rodrigues de
Published: August 2017

Advection-diffusion equations are widely used in modeling a diverse range of problems. These mathematical models consist in a partial differential equation or system with initial and boundary conditions, which depend on the phenomena being studied. In the modeling, boundary conditions may be neglected and unnecessarily simplified, or even misunderstood, causing a model not to reflect the reality adequately, making qualitative and/or quantitative analyses more difficult. In this work we derive a general linear flux dependent boundary condition for advection-diffusion problems and show that it generates all possible boundary conditions, according to the outward flux on the boundary. This is done through an integral formulation, analyzing the total mass of the system. We illustrate the exposed cases with applications willing to clarify their meanings. Numerical simulations, by means of the Finite Difference Method, are used in order to exemplify the different boundary conditions' impact, making it possible to quantify the flux along the boundary. With qualitative and quantitative analysis, this work can be useful to researchers and students working on mathematical models with advection-diffusion equations.
Cottonisation of Decorticated Flax Fibres
Authors: Zimniewska Malgorzata , Zbrowski Andrzej , Konczewicz Wanda , Majcher Andrzej , Przybylski Jan , Matecki Krzysztof , Wiśniewski Marek , Mańkowski Jerzy , Kicińska-Jakubowska Anna
Published: August 2017

The commonly used flax process of decortication allows the mechanical extraction of fibre from plant stems without prior retting. The one-type fibre obtained in this process is characterised by very low quality, as it is poorly divided, has high linear mass and high amounts of impurities. This paper presents a description of a newly developed method of obtaining high quality flax cottonized fibre from low quality decorticated fibre by application of a wet degumming process for fibre. The experiment involved studying the parameters of flax fibres after each step of the technological process i.e. after decortication, wet degumming and final mechanical cottonisation. The study covered tests of the following fiber parameters: linear mass, length, impurities, chemical composition as well as thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and scanning electron microscopy images. The results confirm the efficiency of the method applied for obtaining high quality fibre from decorticated flax fibre.
Dependence of Structural Characteristics of Polyamide Textured Yarns on the Parameters of the False Twist Yarn Texturing Process
Authors: Trajković Dušan , Savic Marija , Kostic Mirjana , Majstorovic Divna , Stojanovic Petar , Stepanovic Jovan
Published: August 2017

In the false twist texturing process, due to the action of mechanical forces and heat, a disorientation of structural elements happens at all levels of the supramolecular structure. These changes are related to changes in the texturing parameters and mechanical properties of yarn. In this paper, investigated is the effect of technical-technological texturing parameters in the false twist texturing process on the structure of PA6.6 yarns. POY multifilament PA6.6 with a fineness of 22f07x1 dtex was used as experimental material. The yarn was textured on a friction texturing machine - ICBT model FT 15 E3. The exiting yarn speed (Vi) changed as 600, 700, 800 and 900 m/min; the heater temperature (T) was 200, 210 and 220 °C, and the ratio of the disk surface speed to the linear yarn speed (D/Y) was 1.9 and 2.1. The values of strain were kept constant at 1.305 (tension in texturing zone) and 0,954 in the winding zone. Analysed were the density, degree of crystallinity, degree of orientation, single filament diameter, the content of -NH2 and -COOH end groups, and the total content of end groups. From the results obtained it can be seen that the effect of the heater temperature is more significant than that of Vi and D/Y on the structural characteristics analysed. Analysing the experimental results it was found that linear positive correlations were established between the texturing speed and end (-NH2) groups, the texturing speed and end (-COOH) groups and the texturing speed and the total content of end groups. The correlation factor between the process parameters and yarn structural characteristics analysed is determined.
Design of Rascheltronic Vamp Fabric with Double-Colour Pitting Effect
Authors: Li Xinxin , Zhang Aijun , Jiang Gaoming
Published: August 2017

Applications of Piezo jacquard and CAD technology in warp-knitting have provided traditional jacquard fabrics with the possibility of innovating the structure design. Research on innovative design and fabrication is conducted aiming at knitting jacquard vamp fabric with the double-colour pitting effect on a technical back. By utilising Piezoelectric jacquard’s performance of displacing both underlapping and overlapping, new structures are formed, such as mesh stitches, koper stitches and float structures. Based on threading with yarns in two colors, jacquard bars in split execution create a pattern with a double-colour effect. To realize a highly efficient design, the paper proposes a computer-aided jacquard design method covering technical parameters and jacquard pattern design modules. Additionally, to pursue convenience and efficiency, mathematic models are built in terms of an automatic borderline design, loop stitching inspection and structure database. The method of jacquard vamp fabric design with a double-color pitting effect has been proven practically by illustrating a vamp design example which meets the requirement of fashion and performance well.
Pulse Excitation of a System Containing a Textile Layer
Authors: Zajączkowski Jerzy
Published: August 2017

In this paper the problem of the vibration of a mass supported on a textile layer and subjected to pulse excitation is analysed. A mathematical model of a system containing an elastic spring and electromagnet is formulated. The numerical simulation shows that the electromagnetmay ensure the maintenance of a compressive force acting on the textile layer provided thatthe period of natural oscillations is shorter than the time duration of the pulse.
Detection of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Mussels and Oysters Using the Qualitative Neogen Lateral-Flow Immunoassay: An Interlaboratory Study
Authors: Dorantes-Aranda Juan José , Tan Jessica Y C , Hallegraeff Gustaaf M , Campbell Katrina , Ugalde Sarah C , Harwood D Tim , Bartlett Jill K , Campàs Mònica , Crooks Steven , Gerssen Arjen , Harrison Keith , Huet Anne-Catherine , Jordan Timothy B , Koeberl Martina , Monaghan Tim , Murray Sam , Nimmagadda Rama , Ooms Corinne , Quinlan Rae K , Shi Feng , Turner Andrew D , Yakes Betsy Jean , Turnbull Alison R
Published: August 2017

Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in bivalve molluscs represent a public health risk and are controlled via compliance with a regulatory limit of 0.8 mg saxitoxin (STX)⋅2HCl equivalents per kilogram of shellfish meat (eq/kg). Shellfish industries would benefit from the use of rapid immunological screening tests for PSTs to be used for regulation, but to date none have been fully validated. An interlaboratory study involving 16 laboratories was performed to determine the suitability of the Neogen test to detect PSTs in mussels and oysters. Participants performed the standard protocol recommended by the manufacturer and a modified protocol with a conversion step to improve detection of gonyautoxin 1&4. The statistical analysis showed that the protocols had good homogeneity across all laboratories, with satisfactory repeatability, laboratory, and reproducibility variation near the regulatory level. The mean probability of detection (POD) at 0.8 mg STX⋅2HCl eq/kg using the standard protocol in mussels and oysters was 0.966 and 0.997, respectively, and 0.968 and 0.966 using the modified protocol. The estimated LOD in mussels was 0.316 mg STX⋅2HCl eq/kg with the standard and 0.682 mg STX⋅2HCl eq/kg with the modified protocol, and 0.710 and 0.734 mg STX⋅2HCl eq/kg for oysters, respectively. The Neogen test may be acceptable for regulatory purposes for oysters in accordance with European Commission directives in which the standard protocol provides, at the regulatory level, a probability of a negative response of 0.033 on 95% of occasions. Its use for mussels is less consistent at the regulatory level due to the wide prediction interval around the POD.
Practical Immunohistochemistry in Neoplastic Pathology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreas
Authors: Wang Hanlin L. , Kim Christopher J. , Koo Jamie , Zhou Wendi , Choi Eunice K. , Arcega Ramir , Chen Zongming Eric , Wang Huamin , Zhang Lanjing , Lin Fan
Published: August 2017

Context.—

Immunomarkers with diagnostic, therapeutic, or prognostic values have been increasingly used to maximize the benefits of clinical management of patients with neoplastic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas.

Objectives.—

To review the characteristics of immunomarkers that are commonly used in surgical pathology practice for neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas, and to summarize the clinical usefulness of immunomarkers that have been discovered in recent years in these fields.

Data Sources.—

Data sources include literature review, authors' research data, and personal practice experience.

Conclusions.—

Immunohistochemistry is an indispensable tool for the accurate diagnosis of neoplastic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas. Useful immunomarkers are available to help distinguish malignant neoplasms from benign conditions, determine organ origins, and subclassify neoplasms that are morphologically and biologically heterogeneous. Specific immunomarkers are also available to help guide patient treatment and assess disease aggressiveness, which are keys to the success of personalized medicine. Pathologists will continue to play a critical role in the discovery, validation, and application of new biomarkers, which will ultimately improve patient care.
The Name and Nature of Translator Studies
Authors: Chesterman Andrew
Published: August 2017

A number of recent research tendencies in Translation Studies focus explicitly on the translator in some way, rather than on translations as texts. These trends might be grouped under the term “Translator Studies”. The article argues that this new focus is inadequately represented in Holmes’ classic map. Evidence of the recent trends is found especially in translation sociology, but also in translation history and in research into the translator’s decision-making processes. A broad outline of Translator Studies would cover sociology, culture and cognition, all looking at the translator’s agency, in different ways.
La combinatoire des termes. Exemple : nectar de fruits
Authors: Lerat Pierre
Published: August 2017

Terminology is henceforth based on textual analysis, although its methodology remains paradigmatic. Concordances need to be interpreted, and a theory of combinations is needed. In this article, Harris’ (1968, 1976, 1988) « operator-argument » theory is used, though words, concepts and terms are strictly distinguished. Specialised texts are made up of words as are every text, but some of them denote special concepts, and these are terms. The case of nectar de fruits, as used in EU regulations and FAO Codex alimentarius and on corporate websites, is used to show the relevance of combinatory analysis of concepts and of terms in establishing the ontology of the fruit industry.
The English Possessive Marker in a Framework of Relevance
Authors: Aitken Martin
Published: August 2017

English nominals constructed with the morpheme {-s} as a so-called possessive marker may be assigned an indeﬁnitely large number of interpretations depending on the context of utterance. This raises interesting questions concerning the interface between semantics and pragmatics, most obviously concerning the more speciﬁc nature of the contextually invariable encoded content of the morpheme as well as the contribution made by that content to the process of comprehension. This article aims brieﬂy to suggest one solution to these problems by proposing an underdetermined procedural semantics feeding into a principled cognitive process of inference as proposed within the framework of relevance theory.
Grammaire fonctionnelle (de discours) : Évaluation et perspectives
Authors: Jadir Mohammed
Published: August 2017

This article is, ﬁrst, concerned with the presentation and evaluation of the most representative contributions of the development of the current, sentence-oriented Functional Grammar (FG) model into a more discourse-oriented one (Connolly et al. 1997, Hannay/Bolkestein 1998, Mackenzie/Gómez-González 2004, etc.). The two particularly emphasized approaches to extend the model are upward layering approach (e.g. Dik 1997a,b, Hengeveld 1997, Moutaouakil 1998, Jadir 1998) and modular approach (Kroon 1997, Vet 1998, Bolkestein 1998). Then, starting from “structural parallel” proposals (Rijkhoff 1990, 1992; Moutaouakil 1999, 2000), I will argue that the “increasing parallel” hypothesis requires the integration of the ‘expanding’ and the modular approaches. Finally, I will survey the recent researches carried out within FG framework (Mackenzie 2000, 2004; Hengeveld 2004a,b; Hengeveld/Mackenzie 2006) for which a more adequate model of Functional Discourse Grammar should be hierarchical and modular.
Plain Language - a Panacea of Linguistic Quality Assurance?
Authors: Laursen Anne Lise
Published: August 2017

This article questions the use of a set of principles or guidelines, often referred to as language policies or language guides, which proliferate in companies and organisations as a means of harmonizing and modernizing corporate discourse. The language guide recommendations promote certain syntactic and lexical features which seem to have been inspired by the plain language campaigns conducted in various countries with the purpose of setting up a framework for a simpliﬁcation of the public-sector discourse from administration to citizens. The problem of applying theses principles as an overall instrument of assuring the linguistic quality of private companies has been pointed out on various occasions. However, the argumentation has until now been made on an impressionistic or introspective basis. The article demonstrates that the inventory of linguistics in fact offers a range of possibilities to give a theoretical and empirical support to the arguments. Based on a set of language guide recommendations from Danish companies, it is illustrated how variations in discourse elements, i.e. purpose, domain and audience, conventionally call for variations in the linguistic devices used. In other words, from a discoursal point of view, the set of plain language-like recommendations for paradigmatic stylistic choices cannot be expected to cover every instance of business communication. Furthermore, it is argued that certain intralingual and interlingual features require empirical research in order to establish a stylistically adequate framework of this instrument of language management in companies.
Salmonelose
Authors: Gomes da Silva Daniela
Published: August 2017

A salmonelose é uma enfermidade infecciosa causada por bactérias do gênero Salmonella, responsável por grandes prejuízos na produção animal e de grande importância em saúde pública, uma vez que é considerada uma das principais enfermidades de origem alimentar relacionadas ao consumo de produtos de origem animal contaminados. A salmonelose é de ocorrência cosmopolita, sendo a bactéria encontrada em animais de sangue quente e frio (CDC, 2015; Strockbine et al., 2015). As salmonelas são bactérias Gram-negativas, intracelulares facultativas, não-formadoras de esporos, aeróbias ou anaeróbias facultativas, geralmente móveis, pertencentes à família Enterobacteriaceae. Apesar das constantes modificações taxonômicas ocorridas nos últimos anos, a classificação mais utilizada sugere a existência de duas espécies: Salmonella enterica (subdividida em seis subespécies: enterica, salamae, arizonae, diarizonae, houtenae e indica) e Salmonella bongori, com mais de 2.500 sorotipos conhecidos. Entretanto, somente os sorotipos de S. enterica subespécie enterica infectam animais de sangue quente.
Effects of External Perturbations on Anticipatory and Compensatory Postural Adjustments in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and a Fall History
Authors: Tajali Shirin , Rouhani Mina , Mehravar Mohammad , Negahban Hossein , Sadati Elham , Oskouei Ali E.
Published: August 2017

Background:

Although previous studies have investigated postural adjustment mechanisms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), it seems that no study has yet investigated the relationship between anticipatory and compensatory postural adjustments (APAs and CPAs, respectively) and falls.

Methods:

Seventeen MS fallers, 17 MS nonfallers, and 15 controls were exposed to a series of expected and unexpected backward pull perturbations applied at the trunk level. The electrical activity of 12 leg and trunk muscles as well as center of pressure displacement were recorded.

Results:

The MS fallers had delayed muscle activity onsets compared with MS nonfallers and controls. In addition, a significantly lower level of muscle activity during APAs was detected in MS fallers compared with controls. Moreover, in the unexpected condition of perturbation, significantly smaller CPA was observed in MS fallers compared with controls. Both groups of patients with MS required more time to stabilize their center of pressure after both types of perturbations compared with controls.

Conclusions:

The inability to produce efficient APAs and CPAs during perturbations may explain the high rates of postural instability and falls in patients with MS. Findings from this study provide a background for the development of perturbation-based training programs aimed at balance improvement and fall prevention by restoring mechanisms underlying balance impairments.