bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Microstructure of the Student Wellbeing Process Questionnaire
Authors: Smith Andrew P. , Firman Kirsty L.
Published: March 2020

Background: The wellbeing process model formed the basis of questionnaires that can demonstrate which factors predict negative and positive wellbeing outcomes. The Student Wellbeing Process Questionnaire (Student WPQ) uses stressor, negative coping, psychological capital and social support scales to predict positive and negative wellbeing outcomes.

Aims: The usual method of scoring the WPQ has been to sum relevant questions in each scale. The aim of the present analyses was to investigate the microstructure of the WPQ and examine the profile of individual predictor and outcome items.

Methodology: The research was approved by the ethics committee, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, and carried out with the informed consent of the volunteers (1481 psychology undergraduates; 89.4% female; 49.7% year 1; mean age 19.5 years). An online survey was carried out, and a MANOVA was conducted to examine associations between the wellbeing process predictor variables and the wellbeing outcomes.

Results: A multivariate analysis of variance showed that the majority of individual predictors had significant overall effects. Some of the predictors (optimism; self-esteem, developmental challenges; time pressure; avoidance coping) had significant effects on all outcomes, which explains the global effects of the positive personality and stressor composite variables. Negative coping variables had significant effects on all negative outcomes. Other variables had selective effects on specific outcome measures.

Conclusion: The independent variables from the student wellbeing questionnaire are good predictors of both positive and negative wellbeing outcomes. This is observed when either individual items or composite scores are used in the analysis.
The Community Engagement Portfolio: Documenting Faculty Community Engagement
Authors: Greenberger Scott , McNaughton Morgan
Published: March 2020

As we complete our third issue, it is important to reflect on the success our journal has achieved over the past 2 years. As mentioned in the first editorial, the purpose of the Journal of Scholarly Engagement is to address the need to provide an effective and innovative way to document unconventional scholarship in the Boyer domains of scholarship of application and integration (Boyer, 1990; Greenberger & Mandernach, 2018). Although the journal accepts empirical and theoretical scholarship, the primary focus is on the three innovative manuscript types: reflective practice manuscripts, professional profiles, and community engagement portfolios. Now completing the third issue, we have desk and peer-reviewed 21 manuscripts for publication. The entire editorial team would like to thank the numerous peer reviewers for their tireless contributions in providing insightful feedback to both accepted and rejected manuscripts and for recommending submissions for publication. This new issue, with an introduction to community engagement portfolios, provides the latest evidence of the countless hours dedicated by our staff in making our journal a success. We would also like to thank the Executive Editor, B. Jean Mandernach, and the Advisory Board, Henry T. Radda, Emily D. Sallee, PhD, and Sarah Singletary Walker, for their support and guidance throughout this process.
Leading a Community Engagement Approach for Integral Mission in Central Africa and Southeast Asia
Authors: Paltzer Jason
Published: March 2020

Community engagement is essential in global health mission organizations in order to effectively integrate physical and spiritual health. I experienced a progression in understanding faith-based community engagement in global health during my time as a health director in central Africa and Southeast Asia. The Facilitator phase of this progression leads to understanding the systems and networks as described by the Social-Ecological Model (SEM) and the Holistic Worldview Analysis (HWVA) model. Together, these can be used to guide church workers, faith-based public health practitioners, and development leaders in taking a holistic approach to improving community health and well-being in a way that learns from my experience and focuses on the Facilitator phase as the most effective. Integral mission understands that the physical and spiritual determinants of health are inseparable but is often challenged by diverse partnerships, community beliefs, and assumptions influencing cross-cultural health initiatives. Together, the SEM and HWVA models support a holistic community engagement strategy for integral mission to take place.
D
esulfotomaculum
Authors: Watanabe Miho , Fukui Manabu , Kuever Jan
Published: March 2020

De.sul.fo.to.ma'cu.lum. L. pref.
de
from; L. neut. n.
sulfur
; L. neut. n.
tomaculum
a kind of sausage; N.L. neut. n.
Desulfotomaculum
a sausage‐shaped sulfate reducer.

Desulfotomaculota (Firmicutes_B) / Desulfotomaculia / Desulfotomaculales / Desulfotomaculaceae / Desulfotomaculum

Cells are rod‐shaped with rounded ends. Gram‐stain‐positive. Oval spores occur terminal or subterminal of cells. Twisting and tumbling motility by means of flagella. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory and fermentative type of metabolism. Thermophilic and neutrophilic. Chemoorganoheterotrophic growth occurs using organic acids, alcohols, amino acids, and sugars. Chemolithoheterotrophic growth occurs with H
2
and CO
2
in the presence of acetate. Substrates are incompletely oxidized to acetate. CO is utilized as growth substrate in the presence of yeast extract. Sulfate, thiosulfate, and sulfite are used as electron acceptors. Fermentative growth on pyruvate, fructose, and CO (one strain). Major cellular fatty acids are C
16:0
, iso‐C
15:0
, iso‐C
17:0
, anteiso‐C
15:0
, C
18:0
, and iso‐C
16:0
. Found in soil, spoiled foods, freshwater, and paper mill wastewater sludge.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 44.5 (LC), 46.3 (genome).

Type species:
Desulfotomaculum nigrificans
Campbell and Postgate 1965
AL
.
P
ullulanibacillus
Authors: Albuquerque Luciana , Tiago Igor , Verissimo António , da Costa Milton S.
Published: March 2020

Pul.lu.la.ni.ba.cil'lus. N.L. neut. n.
pullulanum
pullulan; L. masc. n.
bacillus
a small staff; N.L. masc. n.
Pullulanibacillus
a small staff hydrolyzing pullulan.

Firmicutes / Bacilli / Bacillales / Sporolactobacillaceae / Pullulanibacillus

The species of the genus
Pullulanibacillus
produce rod‐shaped cells, 0.5–1.0 μm in width and 1.0–60.0 μm in length that stain Gram‐positive. The endospores are oval, subterminal to terminal in swollen sporangia. Some species possess flagella, and motility is observed. Colonies are nonpigmented or yellow pigmented. The species of the genus
Pullulanibacillus
are mesophilic and are moderately acidophilic. The species are strictly aerobic, cytochrome
c
oxidase is negative, and catalase is positive. The species of the genus are chemoorganotrophic utilizing carbohydrates, polyols, amino acids, and organic acids as single carbon sources. Yeast extract is not necessary for growth in minimal defined medium. The peptidoglycan is of the A1γ with
meso
‐diaminopimelic acid (
meso
‐DPM) as the diagnostic diamino acid. Menaquinone 7 (MK‐7) is the major respiratory quinone. Polar lipids consist of phosphatidylglycerol (PG), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), unidentified phospholipids, unidentified aminolipids, and unidentified glycolipids; in some species, DPG and glycolipids are not detected. The predominant fatty acids are saturated branched and straight chain; some species contain large amounts of unsaturated fatty acids. The members of the genus
Pullulanibacillus
have been isolated from soil, tea, and a uranium mill tailing effluent.

DNA G + C content (%)
: 39.3–45.0 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Pullulanibacillus naganoensis
Hatayama et al. 2006
VP
.
D
esulfotruncus

gen. nov.
Authors: Watanabe Miho , Fukui Manabu , Kuever Jan
Published: March 2020

De.sul.fo.trun'cus. L. pref.
de
from; L. neut. n.
sulfur
sulfur; L. masc. n. truncus stick; N.L. masc. n.
Desulfotruncus
sulfate‐reducing stick.

Desulfotomaculota (Firmicutes_B) / Desulfotomaculia / Desulfotomaculales / Desulfallaceae / Desulfotruncus gen. nov.

Cells are straight rods. Gram‐staining reaction varies with the species. Spherical spores occur central of cells causing clear sporangia. Nonmotile or motile by means of two or more flagella. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory or fermentative type of metabolism. Moderately thermophilic and neutrophilic. Chemolithoautotroph or chemoorganoheterotroph using organic acids, short to long‐chain fatty acids and alcohols. The key genes encoding CO dehydrogenase/acetyl‐CoA synthase complex for the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway are present in the genome. Sulfate, thiosulfate, and sulfite are used as electron acceptors; Fe (III) is not utilized. Fermentative growth on pyruvate is observed. Major cellular fatty acids are iso‐C
15:0
and iso‐C
17:1
ω10
c
. Major menaquinone is MK‐7. Found in a permanently cold sediments of Svalbard or a sulfidogenic fluidized‐bed reactor.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 48–48.9 (LC); 45.7–46.9 (genome).

Type species
:
Desulfotruncus arcticus
comb. nov. (basonyms:
Desulfotomaculum arcticum
Vandieken et al. 2006,
Desulfallas arcticus
Watanabe et al. 2018).
T
hiohalobacter
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y. , Muyzer Gerard
Published: March 2020

Thi.o.halo.bac'ter. Gr. neut. n.
thion
sulfur; Gr. masc. n.
hals, halos
salt of the sea; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
a rod; N.L. masc. n.
Thiohalobacter
halophilic sulfur rod.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Thiohalobacterales / Thiohalobacteraceae / Thiohalobacter

The genus
Thiohalobacter
was originally classified as an unaffiliated member of an deep‐lineage of the
Gammaproteobacteria
. It is a moderately halophilic, neutrophilic and obligately aerobic, chemolithoautotrophic sulfur‐oxidizing bacterium with the ability to utilize thiocyanate as the electron donor. CO
2
is assimilated via the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle. The genus includes a single species
T. thiocyanaticus
, which is the type species.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 64.2 (genome).

Type species
:
Thiohalobacter thiocyanaticus
Sorokin et al. 2010
VP
.
T
hermoanaerobaculales
Authors: Dedysh Svetlana N. , Lawson Paul
Published: March 2020

Ther.mo.an.a.e.ro.ba.cu.la'les. N.L. neut. n.
Thermoanaerobaculum
type genus of the order; ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Thermoanaerobaculales
the
Thermoanaerobaculum
order.

Acidobacteria / Thermoanaerobaculia / Thermoanaerobaculales

The order
Thermoanaerobaculales
was circumscribed on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained from one cultured representative and several environmental clone sequences retrieved from terrestrial hot springs and thermal marine habitats. This order includes the single family
Thermoanaerobaculaceae
, which accommodates so far only one described member represented by Gram‐negative, non‐spore‐forming, anaerobic, thermophilic and neutrophilic, chemoheterotrophic bacteria.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 63.0 (genome sequence).

Type genus
:
Thermoanaerobaculum
Losey et al. 2013
VP
.
Alcohol store closure in Pennsylvania: Withdrawals in future?
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2020

Last week, the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board, which runs all liquor stores in the state (and employs all the workers), announced that the stores would be closed 24/7 to mitigate against the spread of COVID‐19. The announcement came on March 16, with stores to close at 9:00 p.m. the next day (St. Patrick's Day, a notorious drinking day).
Online meetings for 12‐Step and other support groups
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2020

The study showing that Alcoholics Anonymous as as effective, or more effective, than psychotherapy (see “Research: AA is better pathway to abstinence than psychotherapy,” ADAW March 16, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/adaw.32655) was published a few days before COVID‐19 federal and state restrictions on group gatherings (“social distancing”) took effect, making AA and other meetings untenable. This seems like cruel timing. But John Kelly, Ph.D., one of the authors of the study, provided the below infographic to ADAW on other meetings. And Keith Humphreys, Ph.D., co‐author, was quoted recently on ABC News saying that he is concerned about patients with extreme mental health issues such as addiction, for whom face‐to‐face contact is key.
Fabrication, Applications, and Prospects of Aramid Nanofiber
Authors: Yang Bin , Wang Lin , Zhang Meiyun , Luo Jingjing , Lu Zhaoqing , Ding Xueyao
Published: March 2020

Aramid nanofibers (ANFs) are of great interest in various applications due to its 1D nanoscale, high aspect ratio, high specific surface area, excellent strength, and modulus as well as impressive chemical and thermal stabilities. It is considered as one of the most promising nano‐sized building blocks with excellent properties and has therefore drawn increasing attention since 2011. However, no review has summarized the research progress and the prospective challenges of ANF. Herein, the methods of ANF fabrication and their relative merits are comprehensively discussed together with the challenges and progress in the deprotonation method for preparing ANF. The fabrication methods and development of ANF‐based advanced materials with different macroscopic morphologies, including the 1D ANF aerogel fiber, 2D ANF film/nanopaper/coating, and 3D ANF gel and particle are also described. Furthermore, the applications of ANF in nanocomposite reinforcement, battery separators, electrical insulation nanopaper, flexible electronics, and adsorption and filtration media are presented. Additionally, the possible challenges and outlooks toward the future development of ANF are highlighted. This review indicates that the ANF and ANF‐based materials mentioned herein will boost the development of next‐generation advanced functional materials.
Anomalous Nonlinear Optical Selection Rules in Metallic Quantum Wells
Authors: Li Shilong , Qian Haoliang , Liu Zhaowei
Published: March 2020

Intersubband transitions (ISBTs) in conduction‐band quantum wells (QWs) have attracted tremendous attention for their high technological potential, ranging from quantum cascade lasers, quantum well infrared photodetectors, to various nonlinear optical elements. One of the main characteristics of using the ISBTs is their polarization selection rule, which forbids a normal‐incidence geometry. Here, it is shown that the ISBT selection rule is not strict on optical nonlinearities in metallic QWs (MQWs). The nonlinear process of second harmonic generation nearly follows the selection rule, while the optical Kerr nonlinear process severely deviates from it. The anomalous optical selection rules result from the non‐negligible ultrafast electron–electron scattering in these plasmonic systems, and a coupled mode theory is provided to get a physical grasp of the problem. The flexible selection rule in MQWs could bring drastic improvements in efficiency and diversity of ISBT‐based devices.
Magnetic Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis
Authors: Farzin Ali , Etesami Seyed Alireza , Quint Jacob , Memic Adnan , Tamayol Ali
Published: March 2020

There is urgency for the development of nanomaterials that can meet emerging biomedical needs. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) offer high magnetic moments and surface‐area‐to‐volume ratios that make them attractive for hyperthermia therapy of cancer and targeted drug delivery. Additionally, they can function as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and can improve the sensitivity of biosensors and diagnostic tools. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have resulted in the realization of the next generation of MNPs suitable for these and other biomedical applications. This review discusses methods utilized for the fabrication and engineering of MNPs. Recent progress in the use of MNPs for hyperthermia therapy, controlling drug release, MRI, and biosensing is also critically reviewed. Finally, challenges in the field and potential opportunities for the use of MNPs toward improving their properties are discussed.
Micro/Nano Dual‐Scale Crossed Sinusoidal Wavy Patterns for Synergistic Promotion of Proliferation and Endothelial Differentiation of Human Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Kim Hyung Woo , Lee Jeong Su , Park Sung Jea , Rhie Jong Won , Kim Dong Sung
Published: March 2020

Although human adipose‐derived stem cells (hASCs) have great potential as a cell source for stem cell therapy due to their capacity of self‐renewal, long‐term growth, and multipotency with high obtainability through lipoaspiration, little is known about the effects of micro/nano dual‐scale topography on the proliferation and differentiation of the hASCs. In this study, the effects of micro/nano dual‐scale crossed sinusoidal wavy patterns (SIMNs) on the hASC behaviors including cellular alignment, proliferation, and endothelial differentiation are investigated. Various types of microscale, nanoscale, and SIMNs are fabricated on a single polystyrene surface in a step‐gradient manner based on the combined fabrication processes of deep X‐ray lithography, polydimethylsiloxane surface wrinkling, and thermal nanoimprinting process. The cellular alignment, proliferation, and endothelial differentiation of the hASCs are promoted on the SIMNs compared to the microscale or nanoscale sinusoidal wavy patterns. A micro/nano dual‐scale pattern of SIMN160_500, which has a micro‐scale sinusoidal wavy pattern with a wavelength of 160 µm crossed with a nanoscale sinusoidal wavy pattern with a wavelength of 500 nm, is found to be a most effective pattern for synergistically promoting both proliferation and endothelial differentiation of the hASCs with 1.2‐fold and 2‐fold increases, respectively.
Modulation of VO2 Metal–Insulator Transition by Ferroelectric HfO2 Gate Insulator
Authors: Yajima Takeaki , Nishimura Tomonori , Tanaka Takahisa , Uchida Ken , Toriumi Akira
Published: March 2020

Ferroelectric gating of functional materials has often suffered because ferroelectric materials are poor insulators. In this study, the recently reported ferroelectric HfO2, a large band‐gap oxide with excellent insulating properties, is exploited for electrostatically gating the archetypical metal–insulator transition material, VO2. By protecting the meta‐stable ferroelectric phase from deterioration, the ferroelectric gating is successfully demonstrated with an ultra‐thin VO2 channel in the back‐gate geometry. The observed modulation of the VO2 channel conductivity is originated from the ferroelectric polarization reversal in the HfO2 gate insulator combined with the VO2 metal–insulator transition. These results demonstrate the significant potential of ferroelectric HfO2 for electrostatically controlling the state of matter for both fundamental research and device application.
Perovskite BiFeO3–BaTiO3 Ferroelectrics: Engineering Properties by Domain Evolution and Thermal Depolarization Modification
Authors: Zheng Ting , Wu Jiagang
Published: March 2020

Bismuth ferrite (BFO)‐based ceramics with large electromechanical response are important in electronic device applications. To better understand their physical mechanisms, a new phase diagram established by temperature dependence of dielectric properties, temperature dependence of piezoelectric coefficient, and the evolution of their properties is proposed to explain the contribution of piezoelectric and strain response by comparing ferroelectric (FE) and relaxor ferroelectric (RFE) compositions. The FE components with macrodomains have large piezoelectric constant (d33 of 412 pC/N) at high temperature. The RFE components with nanodomains possess giant strain response (Suni = 0.37%) at 180 °C. Combined with in situ and ex situ techniques, the physical mechanisms behind the enhancement of these properties are explored. Macrodomains and multipolar phase coexistence contribute to the piezoelectricity improvement. Nanodomains and an unstable depolarization temperature (Td) region engineer the strain enhancement, which can promote electric‐field‐induced domain switching, lattice strain, and irreversible phase transition. In particular, the Td region of BiFeO3‐based ceramics has been ignored for several years, although it is actually an effective medium to engineer properties. The proposed phase diagram and dynamic model can be used to well understand the structural origins of large electromechanical properties in BFO‐based ceramics, which can give some guidance to explore materials with excellent properties for different applications.
Efficient Organic Solar Cell with 16.88% Efficiency Enabled by Refined Acceptor Crystallization and Morphology with Improved Charge Transfer and Transport Properties
Authors: Zhu Lei , Zhang Ming , Zhou Guanqing , Hao Tianyu , Xu Jinqiu , Wang Jing , Qiu Chaoqun , Prine Nathaniel , Ali Jazib , Feng Wei , Gu Xiaodan , Ma Zaifei , Tang Zheng , Zhu Haiming , Ying Lei , Zhang Yongming , Liu Feng
Published: March 2020

Single‐layered organic solar cells (OSCs) using nonfullerene acceptors have reached 16% efficiency. Such a breakthrough has inspired new sparks for the development of the next generation of OSC materials. In addition to the optimization of electronic structure, it is important to investigate the essential solid‐state structure that guides the high efficiency of bulk heterojunction blends, which provides insight in understanding how to pair an efficient donor–acceptor mixture and refine film morphology. In this study, a thorough analysis is executed to reveal morphology details, and the results demonstrate that Y6 can form a unique 2D packing with a polymer‐like conjugated backbone oriented normal to the substrate, controlled by the processing solvent and thermal annealing conditions. Such morphology provides improved carrier transport and ultrafast hole and electron transfer, leading to improved device performance, and the best optimized device shows a power conversion efficiency of 16.88% (16.4% certified). This work reveals the importance of film morphology and the mechanism by which it affects device performance. A full set of analytical methods and processing conditions are executed to achieve high efficiency solar cells from materials design to device optimization, which will be useful in future OSC technology development.
Strategies toward High‐Loading Lithium–Sulfur Battery
Authors: Hu Yin , Chen Wei , Lei Tianyu , Jiao Yu , Huang Jianwen , Hu Anjun , Gong Chuanhui , Yan Chaoyi , Wang Xianfu , Xiong Jie
Published: March 2020

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, due to the high theoretical energy density, are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for breaking the limitations of energy‐storage system based on Li‐ion batteries. Tremendous efforts have been made to meet the challenge of high‐performance Li–S batteries, in which a sulfur loading of above 5 mg cm−2 delivers an areal capacity higher than 5 mAh cm−2 without compromising specific capacity and cycling stability for practical applications. However, serious problems have been exposed during the scaling up of the sulfur loading. In this review, based on mechanistic insights into structural configuration, catalytic conversion, and interfacial engineering, the problems and corresponding strategies in the development of high‐loading Li–S batteries are highlighted and discussed, aiming at bridging the gap between fundamental research and practical cell‐level designs. Stemming from the current achievements, future directions targeting the high‐energy‐density Li–S batteries for commercialization are proposed.
Surgical outcomes in gastroenterological surgery in Japan: Report of the National Clinical Database 2011‐2018
Authors: Kakeji Yoshihiro , Takahashi Arata , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Ueno Hideki , Eguchi Susumu , Endo Itaru , Sasaki Akira , Takiguchi Shuji , Takeuchi Hiroya , Hashimoto Masaji , Horiguchi Akihiko , Masaki Tadahiko , Marubashi Shigeru , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Gotoh Mitsukazu , Konno Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Miyata Hiroaki , Seto Yasuyuki , Kitagawa Yuko ,   National Clinical Database
Published: March 2020

The National Clinical Database (NCD) of Japan grew rapidly, harvesting over 11 million cases of data between 2011 and 2018 from more than 5000 facilities. This is the Report of the NCD based upon gastrointestinal surgery information in 4 420 175 cases from 2011 to 2018. More than 70% of all gastrointestinal surgeries were performed at certified institutions, and the percentage of surgeries performed at certified institutions was particularly high for the esophagus (93.8% in 2018), liver (89.4%), pancreas (91.3%), and spleen (86.9%). Also, more than 70% of the surgeries were performed with the participation of the board‐certified surgeon. As the patients have been getting older, the morbidities have been increasing. However, the mortalities have been kept at a low level. The rates of endoscopic surgery have been increasing year by year, especially high in low anterior resection (67.0%) and esophagectomy (61.0%). Nationwide, this database is surely expecting to ensure the quality of board certification system and surgical outcomes in gastroenterological surgery.
Clinical, molecular, and pathological findings in a Neu–Laxova syndrome stillborn: A Brazilian case report
Authors: Cavole Thiago R. , Perrone Eduardo , Lucena de Castro Felipe S. C. , Alvarez Perez Ana B. , Waitzberg Angela Flávia L. , Cernach Mirlene C. S. P.
Published: March 2020

Neu–Laxova syndrome (NLS) is a lethal genetic multiple congenital anomaly syndrome of unknown prevalence representing the severe spectrum of serine biosynthesis defects associated with PHGDH, PSAT1, or PSP gene mutations. The purpose of this study was to describe clinical/molecular and pathologic features of a NLS case caused by novel heterozygous missense variant in PHGDH gene identified in his consanguineous parents.
Drebrin Autoantibodies in Patients with Seizures and Suspected Encephalitis
Authors: Pitsch Julika , Kamalizade Delara , Braun Anna , Kuehn Julia C. , Gulakova Polina E. , Rüber Theodor , Lubec Gert , Dietrich Dirk , von Wrede Randi , Helmstaedter Christoph , Surges Rainer , Elger Christian E. , Hattingen Elke , Vatter Hartmut , Schoch Susanne , Becker Albert J.
Published: March 2020

Objective

Assess occurrence of the dendritic spine scaffolding protein Drebrin as a pathophysiologically relevant autoantibody target in patients with recurrent seizures and suspected encephalitis as leading symptoms.

Methods

Sera of 4 patients with adult onset epilepsy and suspected encephalitis of unresolved etiology and equivalent results in autoantibody screening were subjected to epitope identification. We combined a wide array of approaches, ranging from immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, subcellular binding pattern analyses in primary neuronal cultures, and immunohistochemistry in brains of wild‐type and Drebrin knockout mice to in vitro analyses of impaired synapse formation, morphology, and aberrant neuronal excitability by antibody exposure.

Results

In the serum of a patient with adult onset epilepsy and suspected encephalitis, a strong signal at ∼70kDa was detected by immunoblotting, for which mass spectrometry revealed Drebrin as the putative antigen. Three other patients whose sera also showed strong immunoreactivity around 70kDa on Western blotting were also anti‐Drebrin‐positive. Seizures, memory impairment, and increased protein content in cerebrospinal fluid occurred in anti‐Drebrin‐seropositive patients. Alterations in cerebral magnetic resonance imaging comprised amygdalohippocampal T2‐signal increase and hippocampal sclerosis. Diagnostic biopsy revealed T‐lymphocytic encephalitis in an anti‐Drebrin‐seropositive patient. Exposure of primary hippocampal neurons to anti‐Drebrin autoantibodies resulted in aberrant synapse composition and Drebrin distribution as well as increased spike rates and the emergence of burst discharges reflecting network hyperexcitability.

Interpretation

Anti‐Drebrin autoantibodies define a chronic syndrome of recurrent seizures and neuropsychiatric impairment as well as inflammation of limbic and occasionally cortical structures. Immunosuppressant therapies should be considered in this disorder. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:869–884
Reply to Comment on “Photo‐Controlled Reversible Microtubule Assembly Mediated by Paclitaxel‐Modified Cyclodextrin”
Authors: Zhang Ying‐Ming , Yu Qilin , Liu Yu
Published: March 2020

In this Reply to a Correspondence, the importance of photo‐responsive noncovalent complexation in the modulation of microtubule morphology and aggregation behavior is emphasized. Meanwhile, the exclusive binding mode and mechanism need to be further investigated on account of multiple host–guest associations at the supramolecular level.
Two‐Dimensional Conjugated Polymer Synthesized by Interfacial Suzuki Reaction: Towards Electronic Device Applications
Authors: Li Chenguang , Wang Yongshuai , Zou Ye , Zhang Xiaotao , Dong Huanli , Hu Wenping
Published: March 2020

Preparing two‐dimensional conjugated polymers (2DCPs) with desirable structures and semiconducting properties is promising but remains a great challenge. Presented here is a new 2DCP, named 2D polytriethyltriindole (2DPTTI), which is efficiently synthesized by a modified interfacial Suzuki reaction from 2,7,12‐tribromo‐5,10,15‐triethyltriindole (2‐BrTTI) and 1,4‐benzenediboronic acid dipinacol ester (BADE) precursors at room temperature. Wafer‐scale free‐standing 2DPTTI films with controllable thicknesses between 2.5 and 46.0 nm were obtained by adjusting the experimental conditions. The resulting 2DPTTI films, used as an active layer in organic field effect transistors (OFETs), exhibited typical p‐type semiconducting properties and superior UV optoelectronic performance with a photosensitivity of 3.7×103 and responsivity of 1.4×103 A W−1, as well as a light‐blue fluorescence character. This report provides a general approach for constructing various semiconducting 2DCPs, by an interfacial Suzuki reaction, towards multifunctional organic electronics.
Opening up the Valence Shell: A T‐Shaped Iron(I) Metalloradical and Its Potential for Atom Abstraction
Authors: Ott Jonas C. , Wadepohl Hubert , Gade Lutz H.
Published: March 2020

A thermally stable, T‐shaped, d7 high‐spin iron(I) complex was obtained by reduction of a PNP‐supported ferrous chloride. Paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy combined with DFT modeling was used to analyze the electronic structure of the coordinatively highly unsaturated complex. The metalloradical character of the compound was demonstrated by the formation of a benzophenone ketyl radical complex upon addition of benzophenone. Furthermore, the compound displays a rich chemistry as an oxygen‐atom abstractor from epoxides, yielding a dinuclear, diferrous [Fe2O] complex.
Anticancer activity of lanthanum (III) and europium (III) 5‐fluorouracil complexes on Caco‐2 cell line
Authors: Abo El‐Maali Nagwa , Wahman Asmaa Y. , Aly Aref A.M. , Nassar Ahmed Y. , Sayed Douaa M.
Published: March 2020

Lanthanide complexes are of increasing importance in cancer diagnosis and therapy. In the present study 1:1 and 1:3 solid complexes of La (III)–5‐FU (5‐fluorouracil) were prepared and characterized. In solution, the formation of 1:1 La (III) and Eu (III) complexes enabled the enhancement of 5‐FU's effectiveness. Binding constants of the 1:1 complexes of both metals were estimated using spectrophotometry and HPLC with fluorescence detection methods. The thermodynamic parameters ΔG°, ΔH°and ΔS°were calculated using differential scanning calorimetry. Evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of the 1:1 La (III)‐ and Eu (III)–5‐FU complexes was performed through two methodologies, trypan blue for cell viability where La (III)‐ and Eu (III)–5‐FU complexes were found to have 52,000 and 80,000 dead cells, respectively, and via flow cytometric analysis to measure the apoptotic values, which were found to be 59.87 and 86.86% respectively.
Gas fuel production derived from pine sawdust pyrolysis catalyzed on alumina
Authors: Liu Peng , Wang Yue , Zhou Zhengzhong , Yuan Haoran , Zheng Tao
Published: March 2020

Pyrolysis gas release behaviour, including hydrogen, CH4, CO and CO2 from pine pyrolysis, is collected from fixed bed reactor and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). Pyrolysis tar composition is monitored using GC coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC–MS). The gas generation mechanism of catalytic pyrolysis on alumina is elaborated. The carbon structure of char is quantitatively determined by carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C‐NMR) using curve‐fitting methods. The results show influence of alumina on gas fuel production is mainly embodied in absorption and catalytic effect. Steam reforming reaction to gas fuel is accelerated with alumina added during pine pyrolysis. Alumina addition accelerates the decomposition of carbonate and side chains of aromatic ring in lignin below 500°C and prolong the residence time of second pyrolysis. The CH4 release rate reaches to peak value at 500°C during pyrolysis. The H2 increases from 98.95 to 120.19 ml/g with mass ratio of 1/4 (alumina/pine). The CO release rate has a certain increment with the alumina added. These data are the foundation for putting forward a new direction for the reuse of organic and industrial solid wastes enriched with alumina to achieve the goal on energy regeneration.
Partial substitution of nitrocellulose by polyurethane resins in flexographic ink concentrates
Authors: Apolinário Leonardo D. , Colonetti Emerson , Cercená Rodrigo , da Silveira Santos Fabiano , Cargnin Maykon , Dal‐Bó Alexandre G.
Published: March 2020

The properties of flexographic inks obtained by the partial replacement of nitrocellulose (NC) resin with different amounts of polyurethane (PU) resins were evaluated for the statistical planning of mixtures to develop an optimum ink formulation. The formulations were developed using a statistical tool and they were found to present properties predicted by the tool. The results indicate that the substitution of the NC resin with PU resins leads to increased resistance of the ink film to delamination. The system obtained with the partial substitution of NC with PU has higher lamination bond strength than the pure NC‐based system. The ink films of the formulations NC‐based and NC/PU‐based were evaluated by spectroscopy UV–vis, both inks have similar transparency of greater than 95% above 575 nm. When exposed to water, milk, and UV light, ink surfaces showed similar behavior in the atomic force microscope, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV–vis analysis. However, ink formulations with higher PU contents underwent higher photodegradation. Other properties such as the viscosity ink, gloss, coating strength, color, adhesion, and blocking of the NC/PU‐based ink film did not vary significantly when compared to those of the standard ink produced exclusively with NC resin.
Poly(ethylene glycol)‐interpenetrated genipin‐crosslinked chitosan hydrogels: Structure, pH responsiveness, gelation kinetics, and rheology
Authors: Vo Nga T. N. , Huang Lei , Lemos Henrique , Mellor Andrew , Novakovic Katarina
Published: March 2020

In the development of pH‐responsive chitosan‐based hydrogels, achieving reproducible porosity and swelling behavior is essential for the design of hydrogel networks. Herein, we enhance the level of control in hydrogel microarchitecture by incorporating poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) into the chitosan–genipin matrix. Hydrogels, varied in composition, were synthesized under mild conditions (37°C, 1 atm, 24 hr), yielding microporous structures with a pore diameter ranging from 11 to 57 μm and an average cross‐sectional porosity of approximately 40–64%. Compared to chitosan–genipin hydrogels without PEG, presence of PEG in concentrations up to 1.9 mM generated the same effect as would increase in genipin content, yielding structures with a smaller pore diameter, a lower swelling degree in pH 2 buffer and a higher elastic modulus. Considering cost effectiveness and scale‐up, reducing genipin content by the addition of PEG is favorable. Importantly, hydrogel samples containing higher concentrations of PEG (2.9 mM and above) showed a sudden increase in the swelling degree accompanied with a decrease in the elastic modulus. Findings showcase the potential variation in the composition of these hydrogels has in yielding scaffolds with significantly different physico‐chemical behaviors.
Robot‐assisted laparoscopic augmentation ileocystoplasty and Mitrofanoff appendicovesicostomy in children: Step‐by‐step and modifications to UChicago technique
Authors: Adamic Brittany , Kirkire Lakshmi , Andolfi Ciro , Labbate Craig , Aizen Joshua , Gundeti Mohan
Published: March 2020

Objective

To describe the step‐by‐step techniques and modifications for robot‐assisted augmentation ileocystoplasty and Mitrofanoff appendicovesicostomy in a pediatric population with updated institutional results.

Introduction

Robot‐assisted laparoscopic augmentation ileocystoplasty with Mitrofanoff appendicovesicostomy (RALIMA) protects the upper urinary tract and reestablishes continence in patients with refractory neurogenic bladder. Robotic assistance could provide the benefits of minimally invasive surgery without the challenges of pure laparoscopy. Here, we focus on the outcomes of RALIMA with salient tips and modifications of the technique.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of our robotic database and identified 24 patients who underwent attempted robot‐assisted laparoscopic augmentation ileocystoplasty (RALI) between 2008 and 2017 by a single surgeon at an academic center. Outcomes of interest included operative time, hospitalization time, postoperative complications, and change in bladder capacity. RALI and all concomitant procedures were performed using the da Vinci® surgical system (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA).

Results

Of 24 patients, 20 successfully underwent RALI. Eighty percent underwent concomitant appendicovesicostomy (APV), 40% underwent antegrade continence enema channel formation (ACE), and 30% underwent a bladder neck procedure. Mean operative time was 573 minutes and the most recent RALIMA was 360 minutes. The average return to regular diet was 3.9 days and length of stay was 6.9 days. Mean change in bladder capacity was 244% postoperatively. Thirty‐day complications were noted in 35% of patients; one Clavian grade I (5%) complication, five grade II (25%) complications, and one grade IIIb (5%) complication. With a median follow‐up of 83.1 months we note a 25% incidence of bladder stones, 15% upper tract stones, 5% incidence of bladder rupture, and 5% small bowel obstruction. No patients required re‐augmentation in the follow‐up period.

Conclusions

RALI has similar functional outcomes and complications when compared with the open augmentation ileocystoplasty literature. RALI is desirable due to favorable pain control with decreased length of stay. Long‐term outcomes after RALI are similar to the open approach. As the operative time is currently the largest point of criticism with the robotic approach, we discuss modifications to decrease the operative time.
Luminescence study on Mn,Ni co‐doped zinc sulfide nanocrystals
Authors: Lahariya Vikas , Ramrakhiani Meera
Published: March 2020

Zinc sulfide (ZnS) doped with transition metal has been used as phosphor for various optoelectronic applications. In the present report, ZnS:Mn doped and ZnS:Mn,Ni co‐doped were prepared using chemical co‐precipitation method using polyvinyl pyrolidone as a surfactant. The structural studies were carried out using an X‐ray diffraction technique; optical studies have been performed using ultraviolet–visible light absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The presences of functional groups were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The X‐ray diffraction study and Reitveld analysis confirms the formation of cubic phase with crystalline size 2–3 nm for undoped and doped ZnS nanoparticles. A novel and enhanced luminescence characteristic have been observed in PL spectra. The luminescence intensity of Mn,Ni co‐doped ZnS in the blue region is much higher of that of ZnS. The PL results indicate that the doping of Ni creates shallow trap states or luminescence centres in the forbidden energy gap, which quenches the Mn states emission. Concentration quenching has been observed in Mn‐doped ZnS nanoparticles. From CIE coordinates, it is seen that the yellow and blue light emission of ZnS:Mn,Ni co‐doped nanophosphor may be a promising candidate for display devices and phosphor converted light‐emitting diode applications.
Overexpression of Transcription Factor ZNF1 of Glycolysis Improves Bioethanol Productivity under High Glucose Concentration and Enhances Acetic Acid Tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Songdech Pattanan , Ruchala Justyna , Semkiv Marta V. , Jensen Laran T. , Sibirny Andriy , Ratanakhanokchai Khanok , Soontorngun Nitnipa
Published: March 2020

Saccharomyces cerevisiae offers an attractive platform for synthesis of biofuels and biochemical; however, robust strains that can withstand high substrate concentration and fermentation conditions are required. To improve the yield and productivity of bioethanol, modification of glucose metabolism and cellular stress adaptation is investigated. Specifically, the role of Znf1 transcription factor in metabolic regulation of glucose is characterized. Here, Znf1 is first shown to activate key genes in glycolysis, pyruvate metabolism, and alcoholic fermentation when glucose is provided as the sole carbon source. Under conditions of high glucose (20 g L−1), overexpression of ZNF1 accelerated glucose consumption with only 0.67–0.80% of glucose remaining after 24 or 36 h of fermentation. Importantly, ZNF1 overexpression increases ethanol concentrations by 14–24% and achieves a maximum ethanol concentration of 76.12–88.60 g L−1. Ethanol productivity is increased 3.17–3.69 in strains overexpressing ZNF1 compared to 2.42–3.35 and 2.94–3.50 for the znf1Δ and wild‐type strains, respectively. Moreover, strains overexpressing ZNF1 also display enhanced tolerance to osmotic and weak‐acid stresses, important trait in alcoholic fermentation. Overexpresssion of key transcriptional activators of genes in glycolysis and stress responses appears to be an effective strategy to improve bioethanol productivity and enhance strain robustness.
Morphological variations of the human talus investigated using three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics
Authors: Nozaki Shuhei , Watanabe Kota , Kamiya Tomoaki , Katayose Masaki , Ogihara Naomichi
Published: March 2020

Introduction

The shape of the talus determines the positional and kinematic features of the subtalar, talonavicular, and talocrural joints during walking. Thus, detailed knowledge of the pattern of sexual dimorphism of the human talus may be useful for revealing the pathogenetic mechanism of foot and knee disorders, which are more prevalent in females. The aim of this study was to characterize and visualize the three‐dimensional shape variations of the talus in relation to sex and age using geometric morphometrics.

Materials and methods

Computed tomography images of 56 feet without talar injuries or disorders were used in this study. Thirty‐seven anatomical landmarks were identified on a bone model of the talus to calculate principal components (PCs) of shape variations among specimens. PC scores were compared between sexes, and their correlations with age were also investigated.

Results

The female talus had a longer neck and narrower head width than the male talus. The superior trochlea was tilted more laterally in the frontal plane in females. Furthermore, the female talar head was more twisted and was more elongated in the dorsoplantar direction.

Conclusions

Morphological features of the talus in females could alter the subtalar and talonavicular joint kinematics during walking and could be a structural factor in the pathogenetic mechanism underlying foot and knee disorders. This study contributes to the comprehensive understanding of shape variations in the human talus.
Tortuosity of superior cerebral veins: Comparative magnetic resonance imaging morphometrics in normal subjects and arteriovenous malformation patients
Authors: Telischak Nicholas A. , Yedavalli Vivek , Massoud Tarik F.
Published: March 2020

Blood vessel tortuosity results from increased diameter and length in response to higher hemodynamic loads. Tortuosity metrics have not been determined for abnormal superior cerebral veins (SCVs) draining cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Draining vein (DV) tortuosity may influence safety and efficacy of retrograde microcatheter navigation during transvenous treatment of pial AVMs. Here, we quantify SCV tortuosity in normal subjects and AVM patients using two image segmentation methods. We used contrast‐enhanced brain magnetic resonance (MR) images to define the axis of each SCV through a regularly spaced set of three‐dimensional (3D) points defining its skeleton curve. We then calculated two metrics: the “sum of angles metric” (SOAM), which adds all angles of curvature along a vessel and normalizes by vessel length, and the “distance metric” (DM), a tortuosity measure providing a ratio of vessel length to linear distance between vessel endpoints. We analyzed 168 metrics in 43 veins of eight normal subjects and 41 veins of seven AVM patients. In normal subjects, the mean SOAM and DM for SCVs were 21.34 ± 7.49 °/mm and 1.42 ± 0.25, respectively. In AVM patients, DVs had a significantly higher mean SOAM of 30.43 ± 11.38 °/mm (p = .02) and DM of 2.79 ± 1.77 (p = .01) than normal subjects. In AVM patients, DVs were significantly more tortuous than matched contralateral uninvolved SCVs, which were similar in tortuosity to normal subject SCVs. We thus report normative tortuosity metrics of brain SCVs and show that AVM cortical DVs are significantly more tortuous than normal SCVs. Knowledge of these comparative tortuosities is valuable in planning endovenous AVM embolotherapies.
Socioeconomic disparity trends in diagnostic imaging, treatments, and survival for non‐small cell lung cancer 2007‐2016
Authors: Shah Monica , Parmar Ambica , Chan Kelvin K. W.
Published: March 2020

Socioeconomic status (SES) has led to treatment and survival disparities; however, limited data exist for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study investigates the impact of SES on NSCLC diagnostic imaging, treatment, and overall survival (OS), and describes temporal disparity trends. The Ontario Cancer Registry was used to identify NSCLC patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2016. Through linkage to administrative datasets, patients’ demographics, imaging, treatment, and survival were obtained. Based on median household neighborhood income, the Ontario population was divided into five income quintiles (Q1‐Q5; Q1 = lowest income). Multivariable regressions assessed SES association with OS, imaging, treatment receipt, and treatment delay, and their interaction with year of diagnosis to understand temporal trends. Endpoints were adjusted for demographics, stage and comorbidities, along with treatments and imaging for OS. A total of 50 542 patients were identified. Higher SES patients (Q5 vs. Q1) showed improved 5‐year OS (hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87‐0.92; P < .0001) and underwent greater magnetic resonance imaging head (stages IA‐IV; odds ratio [OR], 1.24; 95% CI, 1.16‐1.32; P < .0001), lung resection (IA‐IIIA; OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.43‐1.74; P < .0001), platinum‐based vinorelbine adjuvant chemotherapy (IB‐IIIA; OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.39‐1.92; P < .0001), palliative radiation (IV; OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05‐1.25; P = .023), and intravenous chemotherapy (IV; OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.32‐1.60; P < .0001). Lower SES patients underwent greater thoracic radiation (IA‐IIIB; OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.79‐0.94; P = .0003). Across 2007‐2016, socioeconomic disparities remain largely unchanged (interaction P > .05) despite widening income inequality.