bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Update on Data Reuse in Health Care
Authors: Safran C.
Published: September 2017

Objective: Reuse of clinical data has broad use in clinical, research, governmental, and business settings. This summary provides an update on the benefits, barriers to use with large clinical databases, policy frameworks that have been formulated, and challenges.

Methods: This report highlights some recent publications on the diverse uses of clinical data and some policy initiatives to promote reuse. It also contains the opinions of the author.

Results: Although many examples of the benefits of data reuse have been documented, this summary also reviews why the quality of clinical data needs to be the focus of future informatics work.

Conclusion: The promise of reusing data outweighs potential risks, but concerns about privacy and the need to modernize our legal framework will be necessary to realize the full benefits of real-world evidence.
A Review of Recent Advances in Translational Bioinformatics: Bridges from Biology to Medicine
Authors: Vamathevan J. , Birney E.
Published: September 2017

Objectives: To highlight and provide insights into key developments in translational bioinformatics between 2014 and 2016.

Methods: This review describes some of the most influential bioinformatics papers and resources that have been published between 2014 and 2016 as well as the national genome sequencing initiatives that utilize these resources to routinely embed genomic medicine into healthcare. Also discussed are some applications of the secondary use of patient data followed by a comprehensive view of the open challenges and emergent technologies.

Results: Although data generation can be performed routinely, analyses and data integration methods still require active research and standardization to improve streamlining of clinical interpretation. The secondary use of patient data has resulted in the development of novel algorithms and has enabled a refined understanding of cellular and phenotypic mechanisms. New data storage and data sharing approaches are required to enable diverse biomedical communities to contribute to genomic discovery.

Conclusion: The translation of genomics data into actionable knowledge for use in healthcare is transforming the clinical landscape in an unprecedented way. Exciting and innovative models that bridge the gap between clinical and academic research are set to open up the field of translational bioinformatics for rapid growth in a digital era.
Grappling with the Future Use of Big Data for Translational Medicine and Clinical Care
Authors: Murphy S. , Castro V. , Mandl K.
Published: September 2017

Objectives: Although patients may have a wealth of imaging, genomic, monitoring, and personal device data, it has yet to be fully integrated into clinical care.

Methods: We identify three reasons for the lack of integration. The first is that “Big Data” is poorly managed by most Electronic Medical Record Systems (EMRS). The data is mostly available on “cloud-native” platforms that are outside the scope of most EMRs, and even checking if such data is available on a patient often must be done outside the EMRS. The second reason is that extracting features from the Big Data that are relevant to healthcare often requires complex machine learning algorithms, such as determining if a genomic variant is protein-altering. The third reason is that applications that present Big Data need to be modified constantly to reflect the current state of knowledge, such as instructing when to order a new set of genomic tests. In some cases, applications need to be updated nightly.

Results: A new architecture for EMRS is evolving which could unite Big Data, machine learning, and clinical care through a microservice-based architecture which can host applications focused on quite specific aspects of clinical care, such as managing cancer immunotherapy.

Conclusion: Informatics innovation, medical research, and clinical care go hand in hand as we look to infuse science-based practice into healthcare. Innovative methods will lead to a new ecosystem of applications (Apps) interacting with healthcare providers to fulfill a promise that is still to be determined.
Clinical Information Systems as the Backbone of a Complex Information Logistics Process: Findings from the Clinical Information Systems Perspective for 2016
Authors: Hackl W. O. , Ganslandt T.
Published: September 2017

Objective: To summarize recent research and to propose a selection of best papers published in 2016 in the field of Clinical Information Systems (CIS).

Method: The query used to retrieve the articles for the CIS section of the 2016 edition of the IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics was reused. It again aimed at identifying relevant publications in the field of CIS from PubMed and Web of Science and comprised search terms from the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) catalog as well as additional free text search terms. The retrieved articles were categorized in a multi-pass review carried out by the two section editors. The final selection of candidate papers was then peer-reviewed by Yearbook editors and external reviewers. Based on the review results, the best papers were then chosen at the selection meeting with the IMIA Yearbook editorial board. Text mining, term co-occurrence mapping, and topic modelling techniques were used to get an overview on the content of the retrieved articles.

Results: The query was carried out in mid-January 2017, yielding a consolidated result set of 2,190 articles published in 921 different journals. Out of them, 14 papers were nominated as candidate best papers and three of them were finally selected as the best papers of the CIS field. The content analysis of the articles revealed the broad spectrum of topics covered by CIS research.

Conclusions: The CIS field is multi-dimensional and complex. It is hard to draw a well-defined outline between CIS and other domains or other sections of the IMIA Yearbook. The trends observed in the previous years are progressing. Clinical information systems are more than just sociotechnical systems for data collection, processing, exchange, presentation, and archiving. They are the backbone of a complex, trans-institutional information logistics process.
Findings from the 2017 Yearbook Section on Health Information Management
Authors: Bloomrosen M. , Berner E. S.
Published: September 2017

Objectives: To summarize the recent literature and research and present a selection of the best papers published in 2016 in the field of Health Information Management (HIM).

Methods: A systematic review of the literature for the IMIA Yearbook HIM section was performed by the two section editors with the help of a medical librarian. We searched bibliographic databases for HIM-related papers were searched using both MeSH headings and key words in titles and abstracts. A shortlist of candidate best papers was first selected by section editors before being peer-reviewed by independent external reviewers.

Results: The five papers selected as ‘Best Papers’ illustrate a variety of themes, include authors from a variety of countries, and were published in some of the best journals in the field. The themes of the five best papers include health information exchange, personal health records, patient engagement, data quality, and e-quality measures.

Conclusions: The discipline of Health Information Management is increasingly becoming allied with the field of Biomedical Informatics in that both disciplines have interests in common. Traditional HIM areas of expertise (in the pre-electronic health record world), such as coding and privacy and security of health information, are necessary for the electronic exchange and secondary use of health information. With the changes in healthcare delivery brought by the use of electronic health records, addressing issues of information governance is essential. This synopsis discusses these key issues at the intersection of HIM and informatics, examines the potential challenges, and points the way for best practices, future research, and public policy considerations and directions.
Secondary Use of Patient Data: Review of the Literature Published in 2016
Authors: Schlegel D. R. , Ficheur G.
Published: September 2017

Objectives: To summarize recent research and emerging trends in the area of secondary use of healthcare data, and to present the best papers published in this field, selected to appear in the 2017 edition of the IMIA Yearbook.

Methods: A literature review of articles published in 2016 and related to secondary use of healthcare data was performed using two bibliographic databases. From this search, 941 papers were identified. The section editors independently reviewed the papers for relevancy and impact, resulting in a consensus list of 14 candidate best papers. External reviewers examined each of the candidate best papers and the final selection was made by the editorial board of the Yearbook.

Results: From the 941 retrieved papers, the selection process resulted in four best papers. These papers discuss data quality concerns, issues in preserving privacy of patients in shared datasets, and methods of decision support when consuming large amounts of raw electronic health record (EHR) data.

Conclusion: In 2016, a significant effort was put into the development of new systems which aim to avoid significant human understanding and pre-processing of healthcare data, though this is still only an emerging area of research. The value of temporal relationships between data received significant study, as did effective information sharing while preserving patient privacy.
Public Health, Population Health, and Epidemiology Informatics: Recent Research and Trends in the United States
Authors: Massoudi B. L. , Chester K. G.
Published: September 2017

Objectives: To survey advances in public and population health and epidemiology informatics over the past 18 months. Methods: We conducted a review of English-language research works conducted in the domain of public and population health informatics and published in MEDLINE or Web of Science between January 2015 and June 2016 where information technology or informatics was a primary subject or main component of the study methodology. Selected articles were presented using a thematic analysis based on the 2011 American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) Public Health Informatics Agenda tracks as a typology.

Results: Results are given within the context developed by Dixon et al., (2015) and key themes from the 2011 AMIA Public Health Informatics Agenda. Advances are presented within a socio-technical infrastructure undergirded by a trained, competent public health workforce, systems development to meet the business needs of the practice field, and research that evaluates whether those needs are adequately met. The ability to support and grow the infrastructure depends on financial sustainability.

Conclusions: The fields of public health and population health informatics continue to grow, with the most notable developments focused on surveillance, workforce development, and linking to or providing clinical services, which encompassed population health informatics advances. Very few advances addressed the need to improve communication, coordination, and consistency with the field of informatics itself, as identified in the AMIA agenda. This will likely result in the persistence of the silos of public health information systems that currently exist. Future research activities need to aim toward a holistic approach of informatics across the enterprise.
Infectious Diseases Associated With Organized Sports and Outbreak Control
Authors: Davies H. Dele , Jackson Mary Anne , Rice Stephen G. ,   COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES,   COUNCIL ON SPORTS MEDICINE AND FITNESS, Byington Carrie L. , Maldonado Yvonne A. , Barnett Elizabeth D. , Campbell James D. , Lynfield Ruth , Munoz Flor M. , Nolt Dawn , Nyquist Ann-Christine , O’Leary Sean , Rathore Mobeen H. , Sawyer Mark H. , Steinbach William J. , Tan Tina Q. , Zaoutis Theoklis E. , LaBella Cynthia R. , Brooks Margaret A. , Canty Greg S. , Diamond Alex , Hennrikus William , Logan Kelsey , Moffatt Kody A. , Nemeth Blaise , Pengel Brooke , Peterson Andrew , Stricker Paul
Published: September 2017

Participation in organized sports has a variety of health benefits but also has the potential to expose the athlete to a variety of infectious diseases, some of which may produce outbreaks. Major risk factors for infection include skin-to-skin contact with athletes who have active skin infections, environmental exposures and physical trauma, and sharing of equipment and contact with contaminated fomites. Close contact that is intrinsic to team sports and psychosocial factors associated with adolescence are additional risks. Minimizing risk requires leadership by the organized sports community (including the athlete’s primary care provider) and depends on outlining key hygiene behaviors, recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of common sports-related infections, and the implementation of preventive interventions.
Sociedad y espacio en la Calzada de Guadalupe. El Jardín Colón en San Luís de Potosí
Authors: Quiroz Jiménez Juan Carlos
Published: September 2017

Inmerso en la con uencia de procesos que construyen la ciudad, el espacio público se comprende como condición adquirida en la constante transformación de los espacios urbanos. Los factores y sentidos de interés, acceso y pertenencia que comprenden al espacio público señalan su capacidad de aspirar al es- tablecimiento de escenarios de integración y fortalecimiento social en nuestras ciudades. En San Luis Potosí, una ciudad ubicada en la región centro-norte de México, la Calzada de Guadalupe ofrece un espacio público donde la sociedad potosina se presenta heterogénea. Su composición urbano-arquitectónica consolidada desde el siglo XIX ha sido un escenario de encuentro entre actores diversos, así como un referente identitario para la población local que actualmente de ende su preservación y su transformación democrática. Hoy, ante la revaloración de la labor arquitectónica en la toma de decisiones con respecto al espacio público en nuestras ciudades, se realiza el presente ejercicio con el objetivo de aportar a la discusión sobre la relación socio- espacial en los espacios públicos y la lectura de necesidades coherentes como materia prima de la labor arquitectónica.
Transformación en los usos del suelo en Barbosa. El caso de las fincas de recreo
Authors: Restrepo Uribe Alejandro , Díaz López Viviana , Castañeda Gómez Mónica Maria
Published: September 2017

Este artículo indaga por las transformaciones en los usos del suelo, a partir del incremento de las ncas de recreo como propuesta turística en Barbosa (Antioquia), identi cando principalmente una tendencia a la urbanización de lo rural que no es exclusiva de Barbosa, fetichización de la naturaleza y mayor concentración de la riqueza. Asimismo, da cuenta de los impactos territoriales que causa la informalidad e ilegalidad de algunas de ellas, así como de las tensiones con los habitantes rurales debido al cambio en sus condiciones laborales, el desplazamiento de la población campesina y, en general, los cambios en las formas de sociabilidad.
Estudio del confort climático a escala micro-local. El caso de la ciudad de Bahía Blanca (Argentina)
Authors: Ferrelli Federico , Piccolo María Cintia
Published: September 2017

El estudio de los índices de confort es importante pues brindan información necesaria para orientar las políticas públicas destinadas al ordenamiento del espacio urbano, al igual que al ordenamiento y plani cación de las actividades al aire libre. En este contexto, se estudió de forma estacional (verano e invierno), mensual y diaria el confort climático en Bahía Blanca (Argentina). Se localizaron diez estaciones de monitoreo de temperatura del aire y humedad relativa en distintos barrios de la ciudad, los cuales registraron datos de alta frecuencia. Con esa información, se calcularon los índices Humidex, Termo-anemométrico y Termo-higrométrico para caracterizar el confort estival, y el de Temperatura equivalente para el invierno. Los resultados permitieron delimitar las áreas más confortables de la ciudad de acuerdo con la cantidad de días con confort térmico, así como aquellas de desconfort con temperaturas inferiores a 0oC. Se establecieron tres áreas urbanas diferenciadas que se agrupa- ron según las condiciones similares de confort.
Fragmentos de un retrato: La ciudad narrada
Authors: Hernández Ríos Melissa , Ocampo Hurtado Juan Gabriel
Published: September 2017

Este artículo presenta la ciudad narrada en la literatura urbana colombiana a través de la obra de Andrés Caicedo y Rafael Chaparro. El camino recorrido es un proceso por el cual se busca mostrar la literatura como un instrumento capaz de revelar por sí mismo la ciudad y de descubrir el tejido de sus tramas, sus historias cotidianas y su diario devenir. Se toma como instrumento de análisis las voces narrativas presentes en la literatura de Caicedo y Chaparro para revelar desde ellas una aproximación a los fenómenos urbanos manifestados en Cali y Bogotá, respectivamente. Las referencias de sus personajes constituirán la base fundamen- tal para abordar los signos y símbolos que explican los modos de habitar en una experiencia singular con la ciudad.
La territorialidad en el proceso de la migración: Un acercamiento a la cartografía de proximidad
Authors: Preciado trujillo Edison Andres
Published: September 2017

El tránsito de la vida rural a la urbana ha sido retratado de diversas maneras en la literatura especializada, enfatizando en los procesos de desarraigo que experimentan los migrantes por causa de la violencia, el despojo, el destierro, entre otros. El presente artículo busca hacer un aporte al tema, observando otras causas que motivan el proceso migratorio. Para ello, se analiza la historia de vida de una familia campesina oriunda del municipio de Aquitania (Boyacá) y su transcurrir del campo a la ciudad en un periodo de casi 40 años, centrando la atención en los cambios en las expresiones y percepciones de la territorialización a la luz de tres categorías: el cultivo, la idea de progreso y el entorno.
Isolation and characterization of bacterial agents associated of wetwood disease on elm trees in Iran
Authors: Alizadeh M. , Khakvar R. , Babai-Ahari A.
Published: September 2017

Elm trees (Ulmus spp.) are one of the most widespread landscape plants, widely used as ornamental trees to embellish parks and streets of different countries including Iran. Elm trees cultivation is seriously limited by biotic factors such as bacterial pathogens. Recently, bacterial wetwood has been identified as a common disease on elm trees in Northwest Iran. In present study, in order to identify bacterial pathogens associated with elm trees, wetwood infected samples were collected from elm trees showing wetwood symptom across Tabriz city and immediately transferred to the lab. After isolation and purification of isolates, hypersensitive reaction (HR), pathogenicity, biochemical and molecular tests were used to characterize the isolates. In total of 92 isolates obtained, 32 and 10 isolates were able to induce HR and wetwood symptoms on tobacco leaves and young branches of elm, respectively. Based on biochemical and molecular tests, the identity of the isolates studied were determined as Brevundimonas bullata, Paracoccus alcaliphilus, P. marcusii and Luteimonas aestuarii. To the best of our knowledge, this study shows that these four bacterial species here reported are responsible for the causal agent-complex of wetwood disease on elm trees for the first time in the world.
What can economics teach us about Santa Claus?
Authors: Bakó Barna , Isztin Péter
Published: September 2017

In this paper we sketch a theory about the role of supernatural beliefs in incentivizing “good” behavior among children by parents. We present a simple theory on the production and the use of certain supernatural beliefs by parents to influence their children’s behavior. A prime example of this is the idea of Santa Claus and the idea that Santa Claus rewards children according to how well they have behaved during the year. We show that under standard conditions parents face a time inconsistency problem when trying to incentivize their offspring. We claim that the production of beliefs in certain supernatural or quasi-supernatural persons who allegedly have infinite lives can help parents discipline their children. Finally, we extend this logic to a community and its ruler or rulers. We show that rulers can have incentives to influence the beliefs of their subjects. This incentive is greater whenever the ruler is a monopolist and when he or she expects to rule for a long period. Rulers with limited ability and/or superior technology for producing beliefs will also supply more supernatural stories to enforce their rule.
Institutional entrepreneurship: Agents’ ability and activity for building up new institutions by combining existing elements
Authors: Szabó Katalin
Published: September 2017

The rapid institutional changes taking place today, including the emergence and global spread of new institutions bring to the fore the question of how new institutions develop. From the 1990s onwards, a new technical term has begun to spread in the literature: institutional entrepreneurship, reflecting the revaluation of people’s activity in institutional change. The aim of the paper is to answer the questions regarding this kind of entrepreneurship. How does institutional entrepreneurship emerge, how can we interpret and define this phenomenon? What kind of driving forces are behind it? How does it work in the real economy? The novelty of the paper is in addressing institutional entrepreneurship as the result of a special ability and activity of actors to combine different, already known elements for building up new institutions. The study introduces the characteristics of institutional entrepreneurship, using the example of the sharing economy, by contrasting sharing as an alternative to conventional market solutions. The paper also demonstrates how the institutional entrepreneurship of sharing changes its socio-economic environment, from mobilization of unused resources through perception of ownership to the increase of the growth potential of the economy.
Régi és új orális antikoagulánsok hazai alkalmazása pitvarfibrillációban
Authors: Tomcsányi János , Salfer Balázs , Nagy Bence
Published: September 2017

Abstract:

Introduction: Despite a progress in the management of patients with atrial fibrillation this arrhythmia is one of the major causes of stroke, heart failure, sudden death and cardiovascular morbidity. Oral anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonist or non-vitamin K antagonist markedly reduces stroke and mortality in atrial fibrillation patients. Aim: To estimate the real-life vitamin K antagonist and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant treatment in past years in Hungary. Method: Analysis of the National Health Insurance Administation database for atrial fibrillation (BNO: I48) between 2010–2015. We assumed that AF patient would turn to health care provides at least once either as inpatients or outpatients in a 5-year period. The patient was accepted as adherent after 6 months therapy and at least 80% oral anticoagulant prescription. Results: The prevalence of AF in Hungary is 3%. The mortality rate of AF 7%–10% per year. The adherence of the old oral anticoagulant treatment was 55%, but it was 69% among patient treated by “new” oral anticoagulant treatment. However, one third of the patients are not treated by effective old or new oral anticoagulant treatment. Conclusions: We need more effort to improve the effective and high adherence oral anticoagulant therapy in our country. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(39): 1545–1549.
Infantilis haemangioma: klinikai és demográfiai jellemzők, kezelési-gondozási tapasztalatok
Authors: Csoma Zsanett Renáta , Dalmády Szandra , Ábrahám Rita , Rózsa Tamás , Rácz Katalin , Kemény Lajos
Published: September 2017

Abstract:

Introduction: Infantile haemangiomas are the most common vascular tumours of infancy. The vast majority of the lesions do not require dermatological treatment due to their unique clinical course and the high rate of spontaneous regression. Approximately 10–15% of the tumours result in severe complications and sequale, requiring special management and close follow-up. Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the data of the patients treated with infantile haemangiomas, and to summarize the results of the therapy during 4.5 years of study period, in the Paediatric Dermatology Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Dermatology and Allergology, at the University of Szeged. Method: Demographic data of the infants (gender, gestational age and weight, perinatal history of the infant and medical history of mothers), exact date of the visits at Paediatric Dermatology Outpatient Clinic and tumour characteristics (number, subtype, anatomical localisation and complications) were analysed in details. Treatment modalities and therapy intervals, outcomes and the adverse events of the therapies were also discussed in the survey. Results: During the study period, 96 infants with 163 infantile haemangiomas were observed. 54 patients required regular observations, while 42 infants required local or systemic beta-blocker therapy. All of the tumours treated with local or systemic therapy showed marked clinical regression; adverse effects were observed in only 6 cases. The gestational age and gestational weight of infants requiring beta-blocker therapy was significantly lower as compared to children needed only observation. Conclusions: Systemic propranolol is currently the first-line treatment modality for complicated infantile haemangiomas. Our results confirm the significant therapeutic efficacy of propranolol. Early introduction of the treatment is relevant; unfortunately a great proportion of patients are referred late to Paediatric Dermatology Centres. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(39): 1535–1544.
EL SABER HISTÓRICO NATURAL. UNA PROPUESTA INSPIRADA EN LA EPISTEMOLOGÍA DE JACQUES MARITAIN
Authors: Carreño P. Juan Eduardo Eduardo , Serani M Alejandro
Published: September 2017

En este artículo se aporta una clarificación del estatuto que les compete a la paleontología y a otras disciplinas. Tomando como fundamento la epistemología
desarrollada por Jacques Maritain, sostenemos que esta clase de indagaciones, por su objeto pretérito y contingente, y por su metodología interpretativa, constituyen un tipo epistemológico específico, diferente del de la ciencia, que aquí catalogamos como histórico-natural.
Use of bitumen-stabilised ballast for improving railway trackbed conventional maintenance
Authors: d'Angelo G. , Sol-Sánchez M. , Moreno-Navarro F. , Lo Presti D. , Thom N.
Published: September 2017

Despite its many advantages, ballasted track needs frequent maintenance to ensure an adequate quality of service. However, tamping, traditionally used to correct geometry, causes ballast degradation and loosening of the already compacted ballast layer, which quickly returns the track to its pre-maintenance position. Then, other maintenance techniques such as stoneblowing, as well as diverse solutions that reinforce trackbed, have been developed to reduce ballast settlement and particles degradation. Given the need to further advance research in this field, bitumen-stabilised ballast (BSB) has started to be investigated by the authors as a feasible solution thanks to its easy and quick applicability and relatively low cost of the bonding agent. Nonetheless, more in-depth laboratory full-scale tests are necessary to prove the effectiveness of this solution before its application in real trial sections. This paper focuses on investigating the effect of BSB application during tamping and stoneblowing, on trackbed performance. Various scenarios are analysed to evaluate the effectiveness of this technology when applied at different stages of ballast service (clean and fouled). The results show that the use of BSB could improve the effectiveness of maintenance, particularly in the case of tamping and at the early stage of ballast life.
Combination of polypropylene fibre and superabsorbent polymer to improve physical properties of cement mortar
Authors: Gupta Souradeep , Kua Harn Wei , Pang Sze Dai
Published: September 2017

Polypropylene (PP) fibres are commonly used to restrict early shrinkage and control micro-crack propagation in mortars. However, increased porosity along with reduction in mechanical properties due to PP fibre addition is a concern. The study explores application of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) to improve mechanical properties and permeability of PP fibre-reinforced mortar. The effect of SAP addition on fresh and hardened properties of fibre-reinforced mortar including flow, mechanical strength, elastic modulus and permeability are investigated. Experimental results show that a combination of SAP and PP fibre offers about 20% improvement in compressive strength. SAP addition increases the resistance of mortar to water penetration by up to 60%, whereas water absorption and coefficient of sorptivity is reduced by up to 46% and 66%, respectively, compared to the control. Improvement in permeability is linked to increased hydration due to SAP addition and blocking of voids by swelled SAP particles upon contact with incoming moisture. In a nutshell, a combination of SAP and PP fibre offers improvement in mechanical properties and permeability of cementitous composite, which is crucial to the serviceability and longer service life of civil infrastructure.
Five-phase modelling for effective diffusion coefficient of chlorides in recycled concrete
Authors: Hu Zhi , Mao Li-xuan , Xia Jin , Liu Jiang-bin , Gao Jun , Yang Jian , Liu Qing-feng
Published: September 2017

With the utilisation of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) in building construction, the durability of this material requires particular attention, especially in terms of chloride penetration. This paper presents a numerical study on the chloride diffusion mechanism within RAC. Considering the random distribution of recycled coarse aggregates (RCA), a five-phase RAC model – including new mortar, adherent old mortar, new interfacial transition zone (ITZ), old ITZ and original natural coarse aggregates – is proposed to predict the effective diffusion coefficient of chlorides in RAC. The parametric studies, based on a series of critical factors (i.e. volume fraction of RCA, adhesive ratio of old mortar, chloride diffusivity of adherent old mortar, thicknesses of old and new ITZs and chloride diffusivity of old and new ITZs), reveal the properties of each phase and their individual impact on the effective diffusion coefficient of chlorides in RAC. The results obtained indicate that, interestingly, the effective diffusion coefficient tends to vary in terms of its relationships with high-quality adherent old mortar, lower adhesive ratio of old mortar, smaller thickness of ITZs and relatively superior chloride penetration resistance of ITZs, which cannot be found from existing models and experiments.
A composite resilience index for road transport networks
Authors: El Rashidy Rawia Ahmed Hassan , Grant-Muller Susan
Published: September 2017

This paper is concerned with the development of a composite index for the resilience of road transport networks under disruptive events. The index employs three resilience characteristics, namely redundancy, vulnerability and mobility. Two different approaches, namely, equal weighting and principal component analysis, are adopted to conduct the aggregation. In addition, the impact of the availability of real-time travel information for travellers on the three resilience characteristics and the composite resilience index is described. The application of the index on a synthetic road transport network of Delft city (Netherlands) shows that it responds well to traffic load changes and supply variations. The composite resilience index could be of use in various ways, including supporting decision makers in understanding the dynamic nature of resilience under different disruptive events, highlighting weaknesses in the network and assisting in future planning to mitigate the impacts of disruptive events.
Faster Payments: Market Structure and Policy Considerations
Authors: Rosenbaum Aaron , Baughman Garth , Manuszak Mark , Stewart Kylie , Hayashi Fumiko , Stavins Joanna
Published: September 2017

The U.S. payments industry is in the process of developing ubiquitous, safe, faster electronic solutions for making a broad variety of business and personal payments. How this market for faster payments will evolve will be shaped by a range of economic forces, such as economies of scale and scope, network effects, switching costs, and product differentiation. Emerging technologies could alter these forces and lead to new organizational arrangements or market structures that are different from those in legacy payment markets to date. In light of this uncertainty, this paper examines three hypothetical market structures that may emerge: a dominant-operator environment, a multi-operator environment, and a decentralized environment. Each of these market structures has different implications for the public policy objectives of efficiency, safety, and ubiquity. The paper also considers tools to promote positive outcomes in each market structure.
Mobilização comunitária e educação ambiental na ampliação do sistema de esgotamento sanitário do município de Ponta Porã-MS
Authors: Souza Dulcélya Mônica de Queiroz , Albertin Liliane Lazzari
Published: September 2017

O sistema de esgotamento sanitário do município de Ponta Porã foi ampliado recentemente, concomitante foi executado o Projeto Técnico de Mobilização Social com os moradores beneficiados pela obra, assim sendo o objetivo do estudo é verificar a efetividade do projeto executado em sensibilizar os moradores para a importância de se ligarem à rede de esgoto. A metodologia adotada, na realização do projeto, foi baseada na mobilização comunitária, tendo como principais instrumentos a realização de visitas domiciliares, reuniões comunitárias, ações de educação ambiental voltadas a crianças e adolescentes e campanhas educativas. O trabalho técnico social cumpriu os objetivos estabelecidos, pois de acordo com o resultado da pesquisa de avaliação do trabalho técnico social, aplicado junto aos moradores, no final da intervenção, tem-se que 86% afirmaram ter recebido orientação do técnico social sobre a implantação do sistema de esgotamento sanitário. Cerca de 97% dos entrevistados afirmaram que receberam orientações por meio de visitas domiciliares. Também foram questionados sobre a importância do sistema de esgotamento sanitário, assim 100% avaliaram como muito importante, 100% também acharam importante o bairro ser contemplado com rede coletora e que irão proceder a ligação a rede. Por fim, através das atividades desenvolvidas foi possível transmitir informações e orientações, provocar discussões de temas transversais que estão interligados com as ações desenvolvidas pelo trabalho social e também elevar o nível de conhecimento dos moradores promovendo a sustentabilidade do empreendimento e colaborando para o prolongamento da vida útil da rede coletora.
Dispersão da espécie exótica Achatina fulica a partir de seis focos no Município de Maringá, Paraná
Authors: Eduvirgem Renan Valério , Ferreira Maria Eugênia Moreira Costa
Published: September 2017

RESUMO O caracol gigante africano é uma espécie exótica que consta na relação das 100 piores espécies invasoras, sendo esta espécie amplamente disseminada pelo território do estado do Paraná, inclusive no município em estudo, Maringá. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram iniciados pela leitura da bibliografia da espécie em estudo, seguida da obtenção de dados na Secretária de Saúde de Maringá com propósito de conhecer a trajetória da espécie Achatina fulica em Maringá. Com base nos dados levantados e nas entrevistas com os moradores nas zonas urbana e rural do Município, foi possível caracterizar a trajetória. A etapa seguinte consistiu na utilização do software Quantum GIS 2.18.1 De acordo com a literatura a respeito da espécie, o caracol gigante africano em estágio jovem se locomove 500 metros a cada 6 meses, ou seja, 1 Km a cada ano. Neste estudo conseguimos projetar o tempo aproximado da dispersão do caracol gigante africano em praticamente todo o Município de Maringá, na qual o tempo estimado foi de aproximadamente 10 anos com a projeção de seis focos de dispersão, assim, comprovando o elevado potencial de dispersão desta espécie exótica. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Caracol gigante africano. Espacialização. Geotecnologia.
Espaços Públicos e suas Implicações: Um estudo sobre a cidade de Teresina/PI
Authors: Arrais Emanuelle de Aragão , Melo Ana Cristina Claudino de , Andrade Ana Virgínia Alvarenga
Published: September 2017

A cidade é o lugar dos seres humanos. É nesse lugar que encontramos vivendo hoje a maioria das pessoas. É nas cidades que temos as maiores alterações na paisagem, e essas alterações geralmente comprometem a qualidade de vida. A supressão do verde das plantas é uma característica marcante nesse espaço. O presente trabalho procura pesquisar sobre a urbanização, os espaços livres e suas implicações na atualidade. Tem como objetivo a investigação das características urbanas de Teresina, juntamente com a análise de seus espaços livres. Isso se desenvolve a fim de examinar como se dá a influência das variáveis teóricas, na realidade do uso das praças nos espaços públicos de Teresina. Esta pesquisa está dividida e etapas distintas. Durante o trabalho foram discutidos sobre a urbanização brasileira, a urbanização de Teresina, e seus espaços públicos. A pesquisa mostrou que há uma necessidade dos espaços livres públicos que passa a ser observada também pela importância de suas características socioculturais e pela relação que estes espaços estabelecem com outros sistemas urbanos. Também é importante salientar sobre os diversos usos e funções das praças na malha urbana. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Urbanização; Espaços Livre; Teresina/PI; Praças
A estreita relação entre o meio ambiente e a saúde
Authors: Bortoluci Anne Beatriz , Quinallia Gisele , Andrade Juliene Maldonado Orosco de
Published: September 2017

É a partir dos padrões de qualidade do ar que se faz o diagnóstico dos níveis de poluentes que trazem malefícios para a saúde e que possibilitam determinar planos de gestão para a diminuição ou o combate a emissão de poluentes. O presente estudo tem como objetivo compreender, através da revisão da literatura, a influência da poluição atmosférica na saúde e no meio ambiente. Durante o estudo, foi possível verificar que as principais doenças analisadas no estado de São Paulo no período de 2010 a 2015 se referem, inicialmente a doenças do trato respiratório em crianças, em segundo posição surgem doenças venosas como acidente vascular cerebral e problemas cardiovasculares e em terceiro posição o peso de bebês ao nascer, casos e mortalidade por câncer, partos prematuros e anemia falciforme igualmente foram alistados com a poluição atmosférica, proporcionando consequências positivos na associação com os poluentes analisados. Foi possível concluir que políticas de redução e regulação de emissões de poluentes em veículos motores, bem como estímulos a energias mais limpas de transporte, aliviariam o impacto sobre a saúde. A experiência de técnicos ambientais e estudos de impacto sobre a saúde, como o presente trabalho, servem como instrumentos de informação baseada em evidências a sociedade civil e auxílio aos planejadores para definição de novos critérios de controle da poluição.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Poluição atmosférica. Saúde. Doenças respiratórias.
Dinâmica fluvial no espaço urbano: aspectos relevantes
Authors: Benini Sandra Medina , Rosin Jeane Aparecida Rombi de Godoy
Published: September 2017

Este artigo tem por objetivo realizar uma reflexão quanto à dinâmica fluvial em cidades, com enfoque no dilema das inundações urbanas, que vem colocando em xeque os atuais modelos de políticas urbanas, principalmente as habitacionais e ambientais. Para tanto, foram analisados diversos estudos e pesquisas acadêmicas já realizadas, as quais apontaram que as áreas de preservação permanente urbanas, comumente ocupadas por extratos sociais de menor poder aquisitivo, são as aquelas que apresentam caráter geomorfológico vulnerável, passiveis da ocorrência de inundação. Sem desconsiderar a relevância de implementação dessas políticas públicas, não se pode também, deixar de considerar entre suas diversas facetas, a omissão e o descaso dos administradores públicos diante, não apenas dos impactos ambientais dos diversos sistemas que são de vital importância para o equilíbrio do meio urbano e ainda das grandes possibilidades de riscos oferecidas nestas localidades, relacionadas à ocorrência de acidentes ambientais. Palavras-chave: Política Pública; Riscos Ambientais; Inundações.
Energia solar como solução energética sustentável em cidade compactas
Authors: Silva Clerismar Fernandes da , Drach Patrícia Regina Chaves , Barbosa Gisele Silva
Published: September 2017

Diante da amplitude exacerbada das cidades, verifica-se que estas se transformaram em estruturas complexas e difíceis de administrar. Ressalta-se que as cidades deveriam existir em primeiro lugar, e acima de tudo, para satisfazer as necessidades humanas e sociais das comunidades. Apresenta-se o conceito de cidades compactas, benefícios e problemas. Neste sentido, a compactação de um lado contribui para a melhoria da qualidade de vida das pessoas, por outro, em termos energéticos, também pode influenciar negativamente nesta. Este artigo tem como objetivo propor uma solução energeticamente sustentável para a não redução da eficiência energética em modelos de cidades compactas, com foco em energia solar fotovoltaica. Através de estudos bibliográficos, verificou-se que a energia solar, através de painéis fotovoltaicos é uma alternativa promissora para a redução de ilhas de calor e manutenção do conforto térmico em cidades compactas. Esta é um fator positivo para a manutenção da eficiência energética do local, respeitando-se a capacidade de suporte deste. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Compactação de cidade. Capacidade de suporte. Eficiência energética.
Arborização Urbana como Infraestrutura na constituição de uma cidade com Qualidade de Vida: potencialidades em Campo Grande/MS
Authors: Gallo Douglas , Guaraldo Eliane
Published: September 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir o papel da arborização urbana como elemento estruturador de um sistema de infraestrutura verde como elemento para melhoria da qualidade de vida urbana. Foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas e um estudo de caso na cidade de Campo Grande/MS, observando a quantidade de árvores plantadas nas calçadas, e inferindo as potencialidades para o projeto. A infraestrutura verde é uma nova possibilidade técnica e ecológica que agrega diversas funções aos espaços públicos. Em diversas abordagens e concepções a infraestrutura verde relaciona-se com um sistema de áreas verdes, integrando infraestruturas biofísicas e sociais com possiblidade de impacto direto na qualidade de vida das populações. Neste contexto a arborização urbana desempenha papel fundamental, contribuindo para o bem-estar das comunidades urbanas. A ideia de qualidade de vida traz uma valorização de horizontes desejáveis para as comunidades, levando em consideração suas exigências e aspirações. A análise de 91 quadras em Campo Grande/MS, evidenciou a presença de 1.394 árvores em 37.604 metros de calçadas, o que significa aproximadamente 40 árvores por quilômetro de calçada, valor bem abaixo do preconizado (100 árvores/km). Pode-se concluir que um projeto de infraestrutura verde para a cidade deve contemplar o plantio de árvores nas calçadas, impactando assim, positivamente na qualidade de vida da população. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Arborização urbana. Infraestrutura verde. Qualidade de vida urbana.
Luz e cor nas unidades de hemodiálise: Estudo de caso da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Araçatuba
Authors: Bianchi Gislaine , David Priscilla Lacerda Duarte , Sueta Ricardo Utimura
Published: September 2017

Com a evolução dos projetos arquitetônicos hospitalares e o aumento gradativo da preocupação com a humanização, surge a necessidade de focarmos as atenções para que o todo seja realmente eficaz, transformando os espaços em importantes instrumentos de apoio à saúde. Unidades de hemodiálise foram escolhidas pelo fato de os pacientes passarem grandes períodos em tratamento e de se debilitarem muito emocionalmente, ora pela significativa dependência da máquina (prolonga a vida) que filtra seu sangue, ora pelo tempo que se submete ao tratamento, ora pela convivência eminente com a emergência e consequentemente com a morte (geralmente dos outros pacientes em tratamento). A integração dos projetos de iluminação natural, de iluminação artificial e cores deve promover conforto e boas sensações aos pacientes, minimizando assim suas dores transformando os ambientes em importantes instrumentos de apoio à saúde. A arquitetura hospitalar apresenta-se como aliada na busca por proporcionar espaços e estabelecimentos de assistência à saúde que prestem suporte psicossocial aos seus usuários, tendo em vista que o objetivo daqueles que trabalham em tais espaços é o aumento da qualidade de vida do ser humano. Palavras chave: Unidade de Hemodiálise, cor, iluminação natural, iluminação artificial, psicologia do ambiente
Overhauling Russia’s Child Welfare system: Institutional and Ideational Factors behind the Paradigm Shift
Authors: Kulmala Meri , Rasell Michael , Chernova Zhanna
Published: September 2017

Meri Kulmala – Dr., Finnish Centre for Russian and East European Studies/Finnish Centre of Excellence in Russian Studies, Aleksanteri Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland. Email: meri.kulmala@helsinki.fi

Michael Rasell – Dr., School of Health & Social Care, University of Lincoln, UK. Email: mrasell@lincoln.ac.uk

Zhanna Chernova – Dr. Sciences, Department of Sociology, National Research University 'Higher School of Economics', Saint Petersburg. Email: zhchernova@hse.ru

 

This article studies the causal factors behind the major overhaul of Russia’s system for children in substitute care that has been taking place since the late 2000’s. A series of reforms have promoted fostering and family-like care in contrast to the large residential homes used in the Soviet period and 1990’s. We highlight the fundamental change in the 'ideal of care' represented by the move to 'deinstitutionalise' the care system by promoting domestic adoptions, increasing the number of foster families, creating early support services for families as well as restructuring remaining residential institutions into smaller, home-like environments. These are all key elements of the global deinstitutionalisation trend that is taking place around the globe. We look at the evolution of the related policies and ask why this policy shift happened during the 2010’s even though the issue of reform had partially been on the Russian policy agenda for some time. Building on an explanatory approach to family policy changes by Magritta Mäztke and Ilona Ostner, which incorporates material and ideational driving forces, we explain that the 'political will from above' behind these major reforms was shaped by a range of other societal and political factors. Multiple factors drove Russian political actors to adopt new ideas about care for children left without parental care. For instance, the increasing conservative turn in policies towards children and families, which are driven by the severe demographic decline in the country, work alongside the influence of international norms around children’s rights and changing socio-economic circumstances. In the 1990’s Russian NGOs had considerable input into the reforms as 'epistemic communities' in policy formation thanks to the high level of expertise that they developed in international networks and the increasing number of cross-sector consultative platforms at governmental bodies in contemporary Russia. We conclude that ideational factors were necessary preconditions for the reforms, but that political forces were ultimately the key driving force. The recentralisation of power and prioritisation of social policy under President Putin allowed new ideas to gain concrete policy realisation.