bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contos brasileiros contemporâneos: notas sobre a narrativa noir
Authors: Ginzburg Jaime
Published: June 2018

Resumo: Este ensaio discute contos brasileiros contemporâneos, refletindo sobre o conceito de narrativa noir. Inicialmente, é abordada uma antologia “noir” brasileira de 2016, na qual foram incluídos textos que não deveriam ser classificados dessa maneira. De acordo com nossa hipótese, referente a textos escritos por Dalton Trevisan, Drauzio Varella, Marcelo Rubens Paiva e Valêncio Xavier, estórias sobre crime podem se distanciar de estruturas convencionais, e apresentar diversos recursos formais.
O RITUAL E A BRINCADEIRA: RIVALIDADE E AFEIÇÃO NO BUMBÁ DE PARINTINS, AMAZONAS
Authors: Cavalcanti Maria Laura Viveiros de Castro
Published: June 2018

Resumo Este ensaio enfoca a associação, iluminada pela noção de ritual, entre os afetos, a expressão obrigatória dos sentimentos e a experiência social dos grupos envolvidos na produção anual do festival dos Bumbás de Parintins, Amazonas. A noção de ritual, apreendida etnograficamente, conduz a análise da acentuada rivalidade entre os dois grupos de Bumbás que caracteriza o festival e sua preparação. Essa rivalidade é enfocada como uma produção ritual contínua em que a noção nativa de brincadeira ganha especial destaque como laço a unir os dados etnográficos à elaboração conceitual dessa mesma noção - brincadeira - que traz consigo o tema da ambivalência tão característico das trocas agonísticas. A preparação festiva engendra, a partir de inúmeros tabus, evitações, provocações e confrontos, a crescente rivalidade entre os dois grupos brincantes, que se transmuta em expressão artística plena na arena do Bumbódromo. Ali, o almejado esplendor das performances é estimulado pelo desejo obsessivo de superação e derrota do "contrário". O argumento se conclui com a análise do trabalho do rito que, ao produzir abertamente a exacerbação da rivalidade, promove mais silenciosamente a necessária complementariedade e o reconhecimento pleno do outro que funda a possibilidade da brincadeira e torna-a real no ritual festivo.
The use of targeted selective treatments on controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in different sheep categories under grazing system
Authors: Marques Carlo A.T. , Saraiva Luana A. , Torreão Jacira N.C. , Silva Tairon P.D. , Bezerra Leílson R. , Edvan Ricardo L. , Araújo Marcos J. , Nascimento Romilda R.
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT: Infections with gastrointestinal nematodes can impair both the animal health and performance. Thereby, the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of targeted selective treatments as the FAMACHA© system and faecal egg count on controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in different sheep categories under grazing system. Thirty Santa Inês sheep, six in each category (six weaning, six weaned lambs, six non-pregnant ewes, six pregnant ewes and six lactating ewes were used. Sheep were weighed, and blood and faecal samples were collected on day 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 for determination of faecal egg count (FEC), packed cell volume (PCV), total plasma protein (PPT) and the mucosa colour by FAMACHA© system in the morning (1) and afternoon (2). The faecal egg count was higher (p=0.0039) in weaning and weaned lambs compared to the non-pregnant, pregnant and lactating ewes. Also, FEC differed between ewes with higher counts in lactating ewes. The observation of eye mucosae showed a frequency of 100% of FAMACHA© scores ranged of 2.45 to 2.91 in the morning, differing (p=0.0494) among the categories, where weaned lambs showed better score. The animal categories and period interaction had a significant (p=0.0148) effect on FAMACHA© score 1 with better score in weaned lambs compared to the pregnant ewes at day 0, 15 and 75. In addition, weaned lambs were presented better FAMACHA© score compared with weaning lambs and lactating ewes at day 45 than weaning lambs at day 60 and 75. Packed cell volume in the morning and in the afternoon was influenced by days of collection with lower percentage at 30 days of experiment. The FAMACHA© system seems to be a suitable method to detect parasite infections. However, use of all available methods increases the accuracy of the diagnosis and promotes better control of gastrointestinal nematodes in grazing sheep.
Incorporando a Competência Cultural para Atenção à Saúde Materna em População Quilombola na Educação das Profissões da Saúde
Authors: Freitas Júnior Reginaldo Antônio de Oliveira , Santos Carolina Araújo Damásio , Lisboa Lilian Lira , Freitas Ana Karla Monteiro Santana de Oliveira , Garcia Vera Lúcia , Azevedo George Dantas de
Published: June 2018

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: A educação das relações étnico-raciais e a história da cultura afro-brasileira, previstas nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do curso de graduação em Medicina como temas transversais, representam um desafio para o desenvolvimento curricular no contexto da social accountability, das metodologias de ensino e dos cenários de prática e integração à rede de serviços de saúde. OBJETIVOS: Identificar as necessidades relacionadas à saúde materna em população quilombola, valorizando os valores, conhecimentos, saberes e cultura local. Estabelecer uma estratégia de cuidado, com participação discente, que contemple as necessidades identificadas na comunidade quilombola. Descrever os conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes necessários ao desenvolvimento de competências culturais relacionadas à saúde materna das mulheres quilombolas. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa-ação para implantação de serviço de atenção interprofissional no pré-natal, com participação discente, tendo por base as necessidades da comunidade quilombola Capoeiras, em Macaíba (RN). Os dados foram analisados qualitativamente, pela técnica de análise de conteúdo temática categorial, com categorias definidas a priori. RESULTADOS: A criação de vínculos (a)efetivos entre usuárias e equipe de saúde e a habilidade de reflexão com ênfase na comunicação se mostraram como principais necessidades para o comportamento culturalmente competente no cuidado à saúde materna quilombola. As oportunidades de o estudante de Medicina conhecer a situação de saúde da população quilombola e vivenciar o trabalho interprofissional se mostraram estratégias efetivas para potencializar o desenvolvimento de competências culturais na formação médica. CONCLUSÕES: A formação de profissionais da saúde hábeis em interagir eficazmente com populações etnicamente diversas requer que estes conheçam os processos que influenciam a saúde e cuidados de saúde das minorias populacionais, além de vivências relacionadas à diversidade cultural, inseridas nos currículos médicos.
O banco de dados do Prêmio Nobel como indicador da internacionalização da ciência brasileira entre 1901 e 1966
Authors: Pittella José Eymard Homem
Published: June 2018

Resumo O trabalho explora o potencial de análise da participação de brasileiros indicados à mais prestigiada premiação mundial em ciência, o Nobel, bem como dos brasileiros convidados para indicar candidatos à premiação, com base no banco de dados do Prêmio Nobel, cobrindo o período 1901-1966. Dezoito brasileiros foram indicados ao Prêmio Nobel, dos quais nove ao da Paz, quatro ao de Literatura, quatro ao de Fisiologia ou Medicina e um ao de Física. São comentadas as indicações dos cientistas brasileiros à premiação de Física e de Fisiologia ou Medicina e as dos nomeadores brasileiros nestas duas últimas categorias. Discute-se o processo de avaliação em ciência com base no conhecimento obtido após análise dos dados referentes à premiação do Nobel.
Familia, escuela y barrio: un contexto para la comprensión de la violencia escolar
Authors: García Sánchez Bárbara Yadira
Published: June 2018

A lo largo del presente artículo, resultado de un proceso de investigación, se desa- rrolla la idea de que las expresiones de violencia se deben analizar en los escenarios de socialización familiar, escolar y barrial, puesto que es allí donde se reproducen las relaciones que en algunos casos se expresan a través de formas violentas y que se manifiestan en las interacciones de la vida cotidiana. De esta manera, preguntarse por la violencia implica reflexionar sobre las relaciones sociales y sobre las interac- ciones que los sujetos realizan en el juego de roles y estatus que desempeñan en los diferentes escenarios. Para desarrollar de esta idea se tomarán tres ejes de análisis: las relaciones de la familia y la educación, considerando básicamente el malestar histórico que se evidencia entre padres y maestros; las relaciones de las violencias instrumentales y las violencias difusas, asumiendo en este último campo las expre- siones que se manifiestan en los escenarios familiares, escolares y barriales, y por último, el contexto barrial, como espacio geográfico en el que interactúan todos losescenarios y todos los actores.
Ambientes naturales y ambientes virtuales de aprendizaje
Authors: Quintero Corzo Josefina , Munévar Quintero Fabio Ignacio , Álvarez Márquez DIana Yurany
Published: June 2018

Este artículo nace del trabajo de investigación “Diseño, aplicación y validación de un ambiente informático adaptativo para el aprendizaje”, desarrollado entre la Universidad de Caldas y la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Manizales. Revela el proceso pedagógico y tecnológico para elaborar materiales didácticos multimedia, accedidos desde una plataforma virtual, después de identificar los estilos de aprendizaje visual, auditivo, kinético y lecto-escritor. Más allá de la temática curricular desarrollada para diferenciar los conceptos de medio ambiente social y medio ambiente natural, en un grupo de escolares, los resultados y conclusiones dejan aportes significativos en torno a la interactividad que se genera en un sistema de aprendizaje adaptativo llamado “Savmoodle” y se establecen las relaciones entre escenarios pedagógicos naturales y virtuales.
Travmatik Beyin Yaralanmasıda Magnezyum Sülfat Tedavisinin İyileşme Üzerine Etkisinin Araştırılması
Authors: ÖZDÖL Çağatay
Published: June 2018

Amaç Travmatik beyin yaralanmalarına bağlı sakat kalma ve ölüm oranı yüksektir. Ancak bu yaralanmaların zararlı sonuçlarına karşı koruma sağlamak için kesin olarak kanıtlanmış farmakolojik tedaviler bulunmamaktadır. Magnezyumun travmatik beyin yaralanmasının patofizyolojisinde merkezi bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu yaralanmalarda magnezyum sülfat seviyelerinde düşme olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu araştırmada travmatik beyin yaralanmalarında Magnezyum Sülfat tedavisinin etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem ve Gereçler Kasım 2008 ve Kasım 2016 arasında Antalya Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi yoğun bakım ünitesine kabul edilen travmatik beyin yaralanması olan 18 yaş ve üzeri 60 hasta geriye dönük olarak incelendi. BulgularÇalışmaya 60 hasta alındı. (ortalama yaş 35.6±17.6, 53 erkek, 7 kadın).  GKS skorları Magnezyum Sülfat grubu ve kontrol grubunda başvuruda 5, taburculuk sırasında 7, iki ayın sonunda Magnezyum Sülfat grubunda 12, kontrol grubunda 9 tespit edildi (P<0.05). Hastaların yoğun bakımda kalış süresi her iki grupta da ortalama 7 gündü. Magnezyum Sülfat alan hastaların 6’ sına (%20), kontrol grubu hastaların ise 8’inin (%26,6) cerrahi olarak dekompresyon yapıldı. Magnezyum sülfat verilen hastalarda 2 ay sonunda iyileşme üzerine anlamlı etki saptandı(p<0.05). Magnezyum Sülfat alan 1 (%3.33) hastanın ve kontrol grubu olan 3 (%10) hastanın  taburcu olduktan sonra takipleri sırasında öldüğü tespit edildi. Tartışma ve Sonuç Travmatik beyin yaralanmasını takiben 12 saat içerisinde başlanan ve idame ettirilen Magnezyum Sülfat verilmesinin nöroprotektif etki oluştuduğu görüşündeyiz.
Kardiyovasküler Hastalıklarda Netrin-1’in Rolü
Authors: GÖRÜR Ayşegül , DOĞRUER ÜNAL Nil , TAMER Lülüfer
Published: June 2018

Laminin benzeri proteinlerin bir ailesi olan netrinler, başlangıçta embriyonik aksonal rehberlikteki rolleri ile tanımlanmıştır. Kemotropik özellik gösteren bu moleküller nöron göçünün iki fonksiyonlu bir düzenleyicisi gibi davranırlar. Araştırmacılar, merkezi sinir sistemindeki rolünden bağımsız olarak netrin-1'in sinir haricindeki dokuların gelişiminde ve oluşumunda rol oynadığını kanıtlamıştırKardiyovasküler alanla ilgili olarak, netrin-1 anjiyogenezi teşvik eder ve aterosklerozu hızlandırır, kalbi iskemi-reperfüzyon hasarına karşı korur ve infarktüs boyutunu azaltır.Bu bulgular, özellikle birçok fizyolojik ve patofizyolojik süreçte birbiriyle çelişebilen etkileri olduğu için netrin-1’i önemli bir terapötik hedef haline getirmektedir. Bu derlemede ateroskleroz, anjiyojenez ve iskemi reperfüzyon onarımı da dahil olmak üzere kardiyovasküler hastalıklar sırasında netrin-1 sinyallerinin işlevleri gözden geçirilmiştir.
European Women With Multiple Sclerosis Feel Unprepared and Uneducated About Family Planning and Their Ability to Have Children – How Do We Improve Patient Education?
Authors: Manson Janet M
Published: June 2018

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disabling disease affecting the central nervous system. Despite the high frequency of this disease in women of childbearing age, it has previously been found that female patients with MS are often uninformed regarding the effects of pregnancy on MS and there is little available research on family planning decisions in females with MS. In this commentary we examine the results of a recent multi-country study, carried out by Wakefield Research for Teva Pharmaceuticals, of 1,000 women, aged 25–35 years, who were diagnosed with relapsing forms of MS (RMS) in the last 5 years. The survey sampled 200 women from each of the following five countries: Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom. Results from this survey highlight a lack of open communication regarding family planning between women in Europe with MS and healthcare professionals (HCPs), and show that insufficient information on family planning is being provided to the majority of those surveyed. We discuss the importance of family planning for European women with MS, and their top concerns regarding this issue. In addition, we outline how family planning concerns are addressed with HCPs, and discuss how family planning education for patients with MS can be improved.
Corpo x espelho em Espelho, espelho meu de Fanny Abramovich
Authors: Gonçalves dos Prazeres Lílian Lima
Published: June 2018

Este estudo trabalha a representação do corpo e sua relação com o espelho, na obra Espelho, espelho meu (2009) de Fanny Abramovich. Reflete os corpos das personagens centrais da obra – Malu e Débora, mãe e filha respectivamente, que se encontram num processo de transformação, uma entrando na meia-idade e a outro na adolescência. Trata, ainda, da simbologia que o espelho representa no universo literário e suas implicações nas impressões que as personagens têm de si e de suas identidades. Para tanto, recorre a teóricos como a professora Silvana Carrijo, que trabalha a literatura infanto-juvenil; Elódia Xavier, estudiosa das representações do corpo feminino; Antônio Cândido, ao tratar da função humanizadora da literatura; dentre outros que servem de aporte para os temas trabalhados.
Strut-and-Tie Models of Masonry Shear Walls
Authors: Jasiński Radosław
Published: June 2018

This paper contains theoretical fundamentals of strut and tie models, used in unreinforced horizontal shear walls. Depending on support conditions and wall loading, we can distinguish models with discrete bars when point load is applied to the wall (type I model) or with continuous bars (type II model) when load is uniformly distributed at the wall boundary. The main part of this paper compares calculated results with the own tests on horizontal shear walls made of solid brick, silicate elements and autoclaved aerated concrete. The tests were performed in Poland. The model required some modifications due to specific load and static diagram.
Introductory Remarks
Authors: Wilinska Monika
Published: June 2018

In one of the most widely used definitions of qualitative research, Denzin and Lincoln (2005, p. 3) describe this practice as consisting of “a set of interpretive, material practices that make the world visible”. However, as much as qualitative research “locates the observer in the world”, it also locates the observed in research. This intrinsic complexity of qualitative research becomes even more prominent in research inquiring into such highly social and cultural phenomena as age and ageing.
Romanian and German Seniors in Quest of Online Health-Related Information: An Exploratory Comparative Study
Authors: Marinescu Valentina , Rodat Simona
Published: June 2018

In the last years a shift in the practice of medical communication has occurred and it leads to a displacement from a paternalistic model of patient-provider information toward a model implying an embeddedness of the medical and human values in the medical interaction and in the decision-taking process of the informed patient. Researches show that older adults respond differently to online communication than younger adults. In this context, seniors face new challenges as regards health-related information and medical communication. The present study deals comparatively with the health-related internet use by the seniors in two European countries: Romania and Germany. Using a qualitative methodology, which involved the in-depth semi-structured interviewing of twenty persons aged 65 years or over who used the internet including for health-related search, we tried to find out which are the similarities and differences between the two samples as concerns health-related online informing and medical communication. Our research has revealed a number of interesting results and inferences. Thus, while between the two samples there are similarities as regards using the internet as a starting point for general information related to health and making informed medical decisions, there exist also a series of differences as regards various aspects, such as the health-related internet use itself – the interest and the ways of searching, the accessed content and websites, the trust in the reliability of the online information, the online feedback and activism etc., as well as the openness to discuss with the physicians about the information gained by the internet consumption.
Exploring Physician-Older Patient Communication. A Qualitative Analysis of Communication between Older Patients and General Practitioners
Authors: Daba-Buzoianu Corina , Cârtiță-Buzoianu Cristina , Amalancei Brîndușa Mariana
Published: June 2018

An great body of research has been carried out to study physician-patient communication and its impact on quality of care, patient satisfaction, treatment and health. Good physician-patient communication is proved to increase patient’s health. Most of the existent literature on the field has been done on younger patients and only a small part of the studies conducted took into consideration the older patients’ communication and relationship with their doctors. We depart from the idea that age has an important role in doctor-patient interaction, as age moderates the relationship between the style of interaction and patient satisfaction.

This study aims to explore the physician-older patient communication by analyzing the way elders experience the relationship with the general practitioner. By doing so, the current study looks at the way elders perceive their relationship with the general practitioner and the level of their satisfaction. Elements like tone of voice, forms of address, topics, explanations given, motifs of the visit have been considered in the present study in order to explore de doctor-older patient communication.
ASPECTS OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS VERIFICATION IN THOSE AT THE TERMINAL STAGE OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Authors: Gordeevа O. M. , Kаrpinа N. L. , Lаrionovа E. E. , Аndrievskаya I. Yu. , Kiselevа E. A. , Lovаchevа O. V.
Published: June 2018

The objective of the study: to investigate the efficiency of three-level algorithm for differential diagnostics of respiratory tuberculosis in those at the terminal stage of chronic kidney disease, verifying the diagnosis by etiologic and morphologic methods.

Subjects and methods.A three-level algorithm was used in 34 patients at the terminal stage of chronic kidney disease in order to verify respiratory disorders detected by X-ray examination. If it was impossible to verify the diagnosis on Level I, invasive methods were added to the examination: bronchoscopy with biopsy, punctures on Level II and surgical interventions (VATS resections) on Level III. Detection of tuberculosis mycobacteria or their DNA was a diagnostic criterion.

Results.Three-level algorithm assured 100% diagnostics in 34 patients at the terminal stage of chronic kidney disease (95% CI 89.6-100). On Level I, diagnosis was verified in 13/34 (38.2%; 95% CI 23.9-55.0) patients, examinations of Level II had to be used in 21/34 (61.8% 95% CI45.0-76.1) patients, which allowed defining the diagnosis in 15/21 (71.4%; 95%CI 50.0-86.2) patients. Examinations of Level III were needed in 6/34 (17.7%; 95% CI 8.4-33.5) patients, and diagnosis was verified in all of 6/6 (100%; 95% CI 61.0-100).

Among diseases detected in 34 patients at the terminal stage of chronic kidney disease, respiratory tuberculosis prevailed – in 19 (55.9%; 95% CI 39.5-71.1) patients; the majority of tuberculosis patients – 9/19 (47.4%; 95% CI 27.3-68.3) was detected on Level II of examination, including 2 patients with bronchial tuberculosis. On Level I, non-specific pulmonary diseases were detected in the majority of patients – 8/15 (53.3%; 95%CI ДИ 30.1-75.2).

Microbiological diagnostics of tuberculosis was effective when examining the following specimens: sputum (Level I) in 5/19 (26.3%; 95% CI 11.8-48.8) patients, biopsy specimens (Level II) – in 9/14 (64.3%; 95% CI 38.8-83.7) patients; surgical specimens (Level III) – 5/5 (100%; 95% CI 56.6-100). When using three level diagnostic algorithm, the following tests were success: fluorescent microscopy – in 7/19 (36.8%; 95% CI 19.2-59.0) cases; culture on liquid media in Bactec MGIT 960 – in 17/19 (89.5%; 95% CI 68.6-97.1) cases, realtime PCR – in 19/19 (100%; 95% CI 83.2-100) cases. Multiple/extensive drug resistance was detected in 11/17 (64.7%; 95% CI 41.3-82.7) patients (the part of XDR made 11.8%).
LEGAL ASPECTS OF TUBERCULOSIS CARE PROVISION IN RUSSIA AT THE TURN OF THE XIX-XX CENTURIES
Authors: Chulochnikov A. A. , Basova A. V. , Zavyalov A. I.
Published: June 2018

The objective of the study: to analyze the legal regulation of tuberculosis care provision to the population ofRussia at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries.

Methods. Systemic analysis of RSFSR regulations, scientific literature and archive information devoted to tuberculosis care provision during the examined period.

Results. Certain problems of legal regulation in the organization of anti-tuberculosis care at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries were detected.

Conclusion. The article concludes that in the 20s of the XX century in RSFSR, TB services were set up, an organization of anti-tuberculosis care was regulated by the state, social support for tuberculosis patients was guaranteed, but unfavorable social and economic conditions existing in the country did not allow stopping the transmission of tuberculosis.
Boron Fertilization of Irrigated Alfalfa in Montana
Authors: Sapkota Anish , Meccage Emily C. , Stougaard Robert N. , Tanner John P. , Peterson Danielle M. , Torrion Jessica A.
Published: June 2018

Core Ideas

Boron (B) application increased petiole B in irrigated alfalfa but did not impact yield and quality.

Low initial soil B is not a reliable measure of the need to amend with B using foliar application of irrigated alfalfa in Montana.

Diagnosing signs of B deficiency coupled with in‐season petiole B analysis may be of better value to the producers.

A boron (B) deficient soil may negatively impact irrigated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plant tissue sufficiency, thereby compromising yield and quality in a short‐season environment such as Montana. The objective was to determine the impacts of B fertilization on irrigated alfalfa yield and quality in 2015 and 2016 at Creston and Dillon, MT on fine sandy loam and silt loam soils, respectively. The initial soil B levels at the Creston and Dillon sites were 0.2 and 0.8 ppm, respectively. The study was conducted as a randomized complete block design with five B levels: (1) 0; split applications of (2) 0.50, (3) 1.00, (4) 2.00; and a one‐time application of (5) 2.00 lb/ac in four replications. Full doses of Treatment 5 and half the dose of Treatments 2–4 were applied in early spring at a 3‐inch regrowth height. The other half dosage of Treatments 2–4 was re‐applied at a 3‐inch plant height after the first cutting. A liquid 10% B AgriSolutions was foliar‐applied as B fertilizer. All the cuttings were performed at 10% bloom. Application of B increased (P < 0.05) plant B concentration at both locations. Boron fertilization increased (P < 0.05) crop yield for the second cutting in 2015 at Dillon but did not influence all of the other seasonal cuttings nor total yields for either year or location. No significant effect of B on forage quality was observed. This research suggests foliar B fertilization based on a low B soil test is not beneficial for irrigated alfalfa producers in Montana.
Sensitivity analysis of the WATER9 model: emissions of odorous compounds from passive liquid surfaces present in wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Calvo Milena J. , Prata Ademir A. , Hoinaski Leonardo , Santos Jane M. , Stuetz Richard M.
Published: June 2018

Empirical mathematical models have been frequently used to estimate emissions and to act in the prevention of possible impacts from odorous compounds. Based on the regulatory WATER9 model, the present study had the aim to evaluate the deviations originating from the simplification of using the effective diameter (in contrast to the conceptually appropriate use of the linear physical fetch) as fetch parameter in the calculation of the global mass transfer coefficient at passive liquid surfaces at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The present analysis incorporated the influence of different values of wind velocity, molecular diffusivity and Henry's Law constant. The analyses for the calculation of the mass transfer coefficients were developed for 1,000 wind speeds, chosen using the Monte Carlo method, three WWTPs and three compounds of environmental relevance, spanning different behaviour regarding their volatilisation. The wind speed had a direct influence on the deviations for all types of compounds analysed. However, this parameter was found to be more representative for the compounds whose volatilisation is limited by conditions in the liquid phase. Furthermore, the deviations for the calculation of the mass transfer coefficient arising from the use of the effective diameter as fetch parameter were significantly larger for liquid phase-dominated compounds, compared to gas phase-dominated compounds. Comparison against available experimental data confirm that the use of the effective diameter as the fetch parameter makes the model predictions further depart from the experimental values. The present analysis shows that, for a varied range of wind speed and WWTP configurations, the use of the actual physical fetch shall be preferred over the use of the effective diameter in emission models for WWTPs, so as to avoid the introduction of potentially large systematic deviations.
Spectrophotometric investigations of the reaction between gold(III) and potassium iodide
Authors: Vasic Vesna , Premovic Suzana , Cakar Mira , Radak Bojan , Milovanovic Gordana
Published: June 2018

The equilibria of the complex formation between AuCl4-n(OH)n - and I- was
studied spectrophotometrically in aqueous solutions containing KI:Au(III)?2
in the acidity range from 1 M HCl to pH 7 at 25?C. From the hydrogen ion
and Cl-ion dependence of the absorption spectra, it was found that AuCl2I2
- and Au(OH)2I2 - complexes were formed. The equilibrium constants of
complex formation were determined.
Structural modifications of Cu(II) 12-tungstophosphoric acid salit studied by IR and Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Mioc Ubavka , Todorovic Marija , Uskokovic-Markovic Snezana , Nedic Zoran , Stamenkovic Vojislav , Cajkovski Tamara
Published: June 2018

In this paper local processes and structural phase transformations of the
copper salt of 12-tungstophosphoric acid are investigated. The structural
phase transformations were followed through bands, characteristic for the
host lattice, in the IR and Raman spectra. The results of these
investigations, as well as those of XRPD analysis and impedance measurements
as a function of temperature show that some local processes provoke the
change in the secondary structure of the Keggin anions.
Mass spectrometry analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls: Chemical ionization and selected ion chemical ionization using methane as a reagent gas
Authors: Vasiljevic Tatjana , Lausevic Mila , March Raymond
Published: June 2018

In the present paper a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer, coupled with a
gas chromatograph, was used to compare the electron impact ionization (EI)
and chemical ionization (Cl) technique, in terms of their selectivity in
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) quantitative analysis. The experiments were
carried out with a modified Varian SATURN III quadrupole ion-storage mass
spectrometer equipped with Varian waveform generator, coupled with a gas
chromatograph with DB-5 capillary column. The disadvantage of using EI in
the analysis of PCBs congeners is the extensive fragmentation of the
molecular ion. The main fragmentation pattern recorded in the EI mass
spectra of PCBs was the loss of a chlorine atom from the molecular ion.
Therefore the fragment-ion signal overlapped with the molecular-ion cluster
of lower mass congener. The fragmentation reactions of PCBs are suppressed
if methane is used as a reagent gas for chemical ionization, but fragment
ions are also present in the spectrum as an obstruction for quantitative
analysis. The most selective method for PCBs quantitative analysis appears
to be Cl with mass-selected C2H5 + ions from methane, which results in a
mass spectrum with a negligible amount of fragment ions.
Energy efficiency contributions and losses during selective laser melting
Authors: Mishra Pragya , Ilar Torbjörn , Brueckner Frank , Kaplan Alexander
Published: June 2018

Selective laser melting (SLM) technique requires remelting of adjacent tracks to avoid cavities and other imperfections. Usually, very conservative process parameters are chosen to avoid imperfections, resulting in a low building rate. The process efficiency relates the energy required for the generation of a new track to the laser beam power. For SLM, this efficiency is determined by the process parameters, specifically hatch distance, layer depth, and scanning speed, independent of the resulting process mechanisms. For SLM, the process efficiency is often very low, typically 2%–20%. Apart from beam reflection losses of normally 50%–60%, significant energy losses result from the remelting of surrounding layers. Some areas can even experience multiple remelting cycles. Further losses originate inevitably from substrate heating. A simplified mathematical model of the track cross section and the corresponding layer overlap geometry has been developed to analyze the different loss contributions from remelting with respect to the process parameters. The model explains why increasing the hatch distance or the layer depth proportionally increases the process efficiency. However, these increases are limited by cavity formation. The cross section of the overlapping tracks generated by SLM can be regarded as an experimental fingerprint linked to the process conditions. The track cross section geometries can significantly fluctuate in terms of area and coordinate position. The fluctuations require additional reduction of the hatch distance or layer depth to ensure robust, cavity-free processing. Examples are presented for stainless steel where a 180 W laser beam has led to a process efficiency of 5%–11%, proportional to a hatch distance that was increased from 50 to 110 μm, for 40 μm powder layer depth, at a speed of 50 m/min.
Quality target-based control of geometrical accuracy and residual stresses in laser metal deposition
Authors: Möller Mauritz , Emmelmann Claus
Published: June 2018

Laser metal deposition (LMD) connected with milling processes offers the opportunity for an efficient, resource conserving manufacturing of large structural components made from Ti-6Al-4V. The hindrance for a broader use of this technology is highlighted in various published studies. These publications show anisotropic properties as well as a lack in tolerance definition of the part geometry regarding structures manufactured with LMD. In addition to the poor geometrical accuracy, the occurrence of residual stresses is still a common cause for failure of parts or even the entire build job, as their prediction and determination is complicated. In this paper, a quality aim-controlled process chain is introduced to manufacture complexly shaped three-dimensional parts in given tolerance bands. In order to control the quality aims, an in-depth analysis of the interdependencies of different exposure patterns, three-dimensional process strategies, and part shapes is conducted. A simulation-based approach is chosen to develop a strategy for further optimization of the exposure. The influence of the local geometry, e.g., in terms of heat accumulation, is taken into account for this approach. For validation, the crack compliance method has successfully been used in thorough experiments to determine the local distribution of residual stresses in multiple LMD specimens. The results show a significant variation of residual stresses, with varied process parameters, as expected by theory. It is shown that the intricate correlation between process parameters, part geometry, and resulting quality can be controlled with a developed process-relationship model in LMD manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V parts. Finally, based on the summarized results, an outlook is given on tolerances for the two quality aims, geometrical accuracy and residual stresses. This gathered knowledge is used to demonstrate the developed process-relationship model to manufacture a 2.5D prototype application as well as a complex shaped 3D aerospace application.
Increase in Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Of Mobile Phone - A Threat to Human
Authors: Smitha C. K. , Narayanan N. K.
Published: June 2018

Drastic increase of mobile phone usage increases the concern about the effect of electromagnetic radiation on human brain. During the last decade, several researches were conducted in this area and reported the effect of radiation on brain. Unfortunately most of these findings cannot be reproduced. Findings of a number of studies ascertain that, there is no clear evidence to link the relationship between the adverse effects and mobile phone usage. The reason of the changes observed in human body due to radiation and the causes that leads to non reproducibility of these results has to be investigated. In [1] it is reported that, adverse effect of radiation occurs in cellular level if SAR is much higher. So we tried to study the change in SAR using FDTD simulation by increasing the power of excitation. Frequency range is selected as the specified range of frequency permissible for mobile phone communication. The value of SAR obtained for the above specified range of frequency is found within the permissible limit insisted by ICNIRP/IEEE. But on increasing the magnitude of power of excitation, the magnitude of SAR also increased. It can be concluded that, if the transmitting power is not within the permissible limit, there is a possibility to increase the values of SAR, which may cause health hazards.
Kynferðiseinelti og mótun kvenleikans í íslenskri skólamenningu
Authors: Guðjónsdóttir Rannveig Ágústa , Pétursdóttir Gyða Margrét
Published: June 2018

Kynferðiseinelti er einelti sem beinist að kynferði þess sem fyrir því verður, undir þeim formerkjum að viðkomandi sýni ekki viðtekinn kvenleika eða karlmennsku. Einelti af þessu tagi hefur lítið verið skoðað með fræðilegum hætti hérlendis. Í greininni er fjallað um kynferðiseinelti og upplifun ungmenna sem hafa af því reynslu. Eigindlegum rannsóknaraðferðum var beitt en gagnasöfnun fór fram í formi hálfstaðlaðra einstaklingsviðtala. Tekin voru viðtöl við níu ungmenni sem upplifað höfðu kynferðiseinelti á skólagöngu sinni í grunn- og framhaldsskólum. Niðurstöðurnar benda til þess að kynjamisrétti meðal unglinga sé yfirleitt hunsað í skólamenningu þeirra skóla sem um ræðir og að síður sé tekið á því einelti sem beinist að kynferði brotaþola en öðru einelti. Kynferðisleg áreitni og druslustimplun eru meðal birtingarmynda kynferðiseineltis og virðast eiga þátt í mótun kvenleikans. Niðurstöðurnar benda enn fremur til þess að nauðsynlegt sé að vinna með skólamenninguna í heild til þess að hægt sé að taka á og fyrirbyggja kynferðiseinelti.
RELACIÓN DE LA ERUPCIÓN DEL PRIMER MOLAR PERMANENTE CON EL DESARROLLO DE LA CLASIFICACIÓN ESQUELÉTICA ANTEROPOSTERIOR
Authors: Barrera Jorge , Butiricá Rodolfo , García David
Published: June 2018

Objetivo. Relacionar la secuencia de erupción del seis superior (SS) e inferior (SI) con la clase esquelética. Método. Este estudio descriptivo transversal, utilizó radiografías laterales de 103  escolares. Para clasificar las alteraciones antero posteriores se utilizaron medidas del APDI y ANB. Para  medir la erupción del (SS) y (SI) se trazó una perpendicular del centro del borde oclusal del (SS) al plano palatino, y del (SI) al plano mandibular. Se midió la distancia entre el borde oclusal del (SS) y del (SI)  al plano oclusal y la inclinación del plano oclusal teniendo en cuenta el  ángulo Frankfort – plano oclusal. La significancia de la relación entre la erupción de los molares con la clase esquelética  se determinó con  las pruebas Chi2 y no parámétricas de U de Mann Whitney. Resultados. La distancia del borde oclusal   a SS   estuvo entre  4,84 a 6,44 mm en clase I y II y   4,84mm a 6.44 en clase III.   La distancia del borde oclusal  a SI  en la clase I  y en la clase II  fue de  0 a 1,54 mm, y para la  Clase III  entre 1.55mm to 3.08 mm . La inclinación promedio tuvo una mayor frecuencia para clase I, la   vertical para clase II y horizontal para clase III. Conclusión. El (SI) tiende a estar más cerca al plano oclusal en los pacientes con plano oclusal verticalizado y relación esquelética anteroposterior clase II, en una distancia promedio en clase I y aumentada en clase III.
PREVALENCIA DE DEFECTOS DEL DESARROLLO DEL ESMALTE NIÑOS 6 A 10 AÑOS, VILLAVICENCIO 2013
Authors: Chavarría Nathaly , Durán Lorena , Martínez Nayibe , Pérez Yuly Estehisy
Published: June 2018

Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de defectos del desarrollo del esmalte  en dientes permanentes, en una muestra de niños en edades  entre 6 y 10 años. Métodos. Estudio observacional descriptivo transversal, en una población de 290 niños de una escuela pública de la  ciudad de Villavicencio; se valoró una muestra aleatoria de 166 niños  con una edad promedio de 7,67 años, 52 % correspondiente al sexo  masculino y 48% al  sexo  femenino. Se determinó el Índice de placa bacteriana IPB con el índice  de  O´Leary  y se diagnosticaron tres alteraciones del esmalte: hipoplasia, hipomineralización localizada delimitada e hipomineralización generalizada difusa. Mediante el uso del programa Stata version 14.0 se obtuvo la muestra para  proporciones,  la prueba Chi 2 con un valor p< 0.05 y la prueba  Kappa. Resultados. La prevalencia de defectos de desarrollo del esmalte  en dientes permanentes fue 59% (IC95%; 48,7-58,2). La alteración más frecuente fue hipomineralización localizada (36%) seguida de la generalizada (17,5%) la menos frecuente fue la hipoplasia (5,4%). No se encontró correlación significativa con el IPB (r= -0,1157). No hubo diferencias significativas por sexo ni por edades, pero el mayor porcentaje de sujetos sanos estuvo en el grupo de 8 años (32% de los sujetos sin presencia de estas alteraciones). El índice de placa bacteriana en esta población fue  relativamente alto (42,5%) y Conclusiones. La prevalencia de alteraciones del esmalte fue  similar a la reportada por otros estudios; se sugiere implementar programas preventivos enfocados en defectos del desarrollo del esmalte   en esta población.
COMPARACIÓN DE LA RESISTENCIA COMPRESIVA DE CORONAS EN DOS MATERIALES DE CERÁMICA VITREA: DISILICATO Y SILICATO
Authors: Bonilla Flórez Lina , Guzmán Sánchez Leidy , Nafi Nafi Diana , Mejía De los ríos Monica
Published: June 2018

Objetivo. Comparar la resistencia compresiva de coronas elaboradas en Disilicato de Litio (IPS e.max CAD-IVOCLAR VIVADENT® Schaan, Liechtenstein) y coronas en Silicato de Litio reforzado con dióxido de Zirconio (VITA SUPRINITY, Alemania).  Método. 36 coronas cerámicas elaboradas sobre premolares humanos superiores sanos, se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en dos grupos: Grupo 1 (DL): coronas en Disilicato de Litio y Grupo 2 (SL): coronas en Silicato de Litio reforzado con Dióxido de Zirconio.  La digitalización óptica de los troqueles se realizó utilizando escáner óptico (inEos Blue inLabSirona CEREC® Alemania) y para el diseño de las coronas se empleó el software (Software Inlab Versión 4.2.5 Sirona CEREC® Alemania). Todas las restauraciones se cementaron con RelyX™ Ultimate.  La prueba de resistencia tripoidal a la fractura se realizó en el dispositivo universal de pruebas Instron.  Resultados.  La prueba de Mann Whitney no encontró diferencia significativa en la resistencia compresiva de las coronas monolíticas en Disilicato de Litio y Silicato de Litio (p>0,05).  Sin embargo las coronas en Disilicato de Litio en promedio tuvieron 55 MPa más de resistencia compresiva que las de Silicato de Litio.  Conclusiones. La resistencia compresiva de ambos materiales es similar.  Las restauraciones monolíticas en Disilicato de Litio y Silicato de Litio presentaron fuerza compresiva superior al mínimo requerido en cavidad oral (200 MPa), por lo tanto ambos materiales son clínicamente aceptables.
NIVELES DE RUIDO EN CLÍNICAS ODONTOLÓGICAS DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE CARTAGENA
Authors: Castro Espinosa Juana , Ortiz Julio Sirly , Tamayo Cabeza Guillermo , González Martínez Farith
Published: June 2018

Objetivo. Describir los niveles de ruido a los que se exponen los estudiantes de odontología de la Universidad de Cartagena producto de sus prácticas formativas. Métodos. El presente trabajo fue realizado en las clínicas odontológicas de la Universidad de Cartagena, durante el segundo periodo del año 2014, valorándose los niveles de ruido a través de un equipo sonómetro marca PYLE- pspl41® y los factores relacionados a través de un cuestionario. Para el análisis fue usada la prueba ANOVA y el t –student, con un límite (p<0,05) para la significancia. Resultados.  La valoración de los niveles de ruido en las clínicas odontológicas reportó picos entre 79 a 84 decibeles, considerándose niveles por encima de los valores tolerables. Así mismo hubo diferencias a nivel del tipo de clínica (p<0,05), y la asignatura desarrollada (p<0,0000), el horario de atención (p<0,000) y el tipo de instrumento rotatorio usado (p<0,000). Conclusión. En general, el ruido generado en el ejercicio de la odontología, en especial en las clínicas odontológicas, supera los límites establecidos por la Normatividad vigente. Esto puede ser visto como un factor de riesgo para generar  problemas audiométricos para el futuro odontólogo, por lo que se recomienda la utilización de tapones auditivos obligatorios durante la formación odontológica.
Экономическая культура тувинцев в горизонте социокультурного подхода
Authors: Popkov Yuri V. , Tiugashev Evgenii A.
Published: June 2018

Авторы считают, что применительно к периодам социальных перемен понимание культуры как совокупности норм, определяющих социальное поведение, недостаточно и ограниченно. В качестве более адекватной концепции они предлагают интерпретировать культуру как конкретно-исторический вариант существования общества в его качественно определенной специфике. Этому соответствует социокультурный подход, в котором речь идет об ансамбле культур, а «социокультурное» понимается как социальное в его культурном разнообразии. Экономическая культура в рамках этого подхода трактуется как качественная специфика отдельного хозяйственного организма, формирование которого определяется локальными условиями его месторазвития. Экономическая культура в ее конкретном своеобразии выступает элементом социокультурного разнообразия.Рассмотрение экономической культуры тувинцев в горизонте социокультурного подхода и сквозь призму разнообразия позволяет выделить несколько важных аспектов изучения данной темы, слабо представленных в существующем научном дискурсе. Так, акцентировано внимание не только на доминантной кочевой, но и субдоминантных хозяйственных культурах, в рамках которых формировались разные навыки, способности и качества. Если кочевой образ жизни способствовал созерцательности и неспешности, то охота требовала динамизма, земледелие и ремесло — кропотливости и тщательности. Обобщенный экскурс в хозяйственную историю тувинцев позволил сделать вывод, что хозяйственное разнообразие не только обеспечивает устойчивость экономической культуры тувинцев, но и выражает ее вариабельность, способность развиваться в многообразных модификациях. Данная полиморфность выступает важным ресурсом, позволяющим актуализировать резервные пути этнического развития, не всегда очевидные в условиях доминирования того типа экономической культуры, который определял традиционный облик тувинцев. Задействование этого потенциала может составлять важный резерв на будущее.Обзор этнографических данных позволяет опровергнуть распространенное мнение о том, что тувинцам не свойственна культура запасов. В то же время важнейшей составляющей их экономической культуры выступают ценности жизнеобеспечивающей экономики. Люди являются не только носителями человеческого капитала, но и «благом длительного пользования». Основной целью жизнеобеспечивающей экономики как базового типа экономической системы является производство и воспроизводство человека как высшего блага. В этом отношении экономическую культуру тувинского народа следует признать успешной, поскольку за последнее столетие численность тувинцев выросла более чем в пять раз и Тува лидирует в России по уровню рождаемости.Показано, что этноэкономическим механизмом выживания и жизнеобеспечения тувинцев является клановость. Известные издержки клановости искупаются, с одной стороны, достигаемой солидарностью и устойчивым развитием наиболее успешного в этносоциальном отборе родоплеменного коллектива, а с другой стороны, временной стабильностью межклановой ситуации в структуре этноса.
Труд в этнической культуре кочевников постсоциализма (на примере бурят, калмыков, тувинцев)
Authors: Chetyrova Lyubov B.
Published: June 2018

В статье рассматривается вопрос о феномене труда в культуре тюрко-монголов — бурят, калмыков, тувинцев. Обосновывается положение о типологическом единстве трудовой культуры этих народов, связанных единством тюрко-монгольского этногенеза. Анализируется опыт трансформации их трудовой культуры в ходе форматирования данных этносов в период реализации советской модернизации.Ключевые моменты в развитии трудовой культуры выделяются на основании этапов формирования этносов и их трансформации: период существования Монгольской империи; вхождение в состав Российской империи; советский период. Показано, что в истории трудовой культуры этих этносов конкурирующими были две основные модели труда: труд кочевника-скотовода, тесно связанный с ратным делом, и труд земледельца. В результате успешной реализации советской модернизации в большинстве регионов их проживания сформировалась модель труда оседло живущего работника.Рассматривается, как происходило изменение моделей и образов труда в период социальных трансформаций, начавшихся в начале 1990-х годов.  Экономический коллапс, в который оказалось ввергнуто постсоветское общество, запустил разные стратегии выживания, в числе которых было обращение к архаике в этнических регионах. В трудовой сфере такими стратегиями стали не только возрождение пастбищного скотоводства, но и легализация шаманов, медлгчи, деятельность которых квалифицируется как трудовая, приносящая доход.