bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Continuous flow microwave heating and sterilization for liquid food
Authors: Chang Xiaoling , Zhang Lixin , Xu Qing , Zheng Zhaoqi , Wang Ruifang , Li Zhanyong
Published: November 2022

Continuous flow microwave sterilization for liquid food has advantages of a short time and high retention rate of nutrients. However, uneven microwave heating is the critical factor restricting the industrialization of microwave sterilization. This paper reviews the up-to-date research on the continuous flow microwave heating and the continuous flow microwave sterilization system for liquid food. The causes of the non-uniformity of continuous flow microwave heating are thoroughly discussed and the methods of improving the uniformity are proposed. Finally, the recommendations for future research of continuous flow microwave sterilization for liquid food are presented.
From stigmatization to predilection: folk metalinguistic discourse on social media on the northwestern Moroccan Arabic variety
Authors: Vicente Ángeles
Published: November 2022

The sociolinguistic situation in Morocco is complex, with a diversity of Arabic varieties that interact daily. Existing linguistic ideologies have created a hierarchical relationship between these varieties that has been forged for political and socio-economic reasons. Thus, the variety of Casablanca, the economic capital of the country, leads the linguistic levelling in the country and therefore has more social value, but others have less social value, even reaching stigmatization. This is the case of the northwest Moroccan variety that is stigmatized for most Moroccans, but shapes the collective identity in this region. One of the most important cities in the region is Tetouan, a medium-sized city, where the arrival of influences from other Moroccan varieties has created a new-urban variety and has contributed to shaping a new Tetouan identity. This article focuses on folk metalinguistic discourse on the Tetouan Arabic variety. The purpose is to evaluate the metalinguistic beliefs used by speakers to build a collective identity at local and regional level. To do this, the role of social media as a space for ideological language discussions is shown, and chats posted on a Facebook group are examined as an interactive source of data. Specifically, the focus will be placed on an open chat called “Tetouan”, founded in 2012, and in which people from this city write mainly. The results reveal that the social meanings of the different varieties produce antagonistic ideas about them, depending on the context and the participants in the linguistic interaction.
Multiple attitudes and shifting language ideologies: a case of language shift among Libyan Tuaregs
Authors: Adam Salah A.
Published: November 2022

This paper examines the pivotal role of ideologies in a case of language shift from Targia to Libyan Arabic among Libyan Tuaregs in the south–western region of Libya. I argue that foundational ideologies, the opposed and hierarchical linguistic relationship between Arabic and Targia, a southern Amazigh variety, and ideological elision, the process of shifting the meanings associated with Classical and Modern Standard Arabic (CA, MSA) to Libyan Arabic (LA) (e.g., religious piety), eventually have driven the changes in the linguistic behavior of the Tuareg people towards the attachment to Libyan Arabic and at the expense of Targia. The data is drawn from a fieldwork conducted on two Libyan Tuareg communities, Ghat and Barkat. The former is a multi-ethnic town while the latter is a village composed of only Tuaregs. The sample is comprised of 221 participants (114 from Brakat and 107 from Ghat), balanced by gender and divided into three age groups. A combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches was employed for data collection and analysis. The statistical analysis showed that age group has the most significant effect on the reported use of Targia, followed by type of community and the interactive effect of both variables.
Le ḥassāniyya et la variation diglossique à travers WhatsApp: la Mauritanie à l’heure du Covid-19
Authors: Taine-Cheikh Catherine
Published: November 2022

Malgré la résistance, voire les protestations, de la population négro-africaine ou sub-saharienne (Halpulaaren, Soninké et Wolofs), la place de l’arabe ne cesse de gagner du terrain en Mauritanie. Face au français qui a perdu son statut de langue officielle en 1991, c’est l’arabe standard qui semble le grand gagnant. Cependant le dialecte arabe ḥassāniyya se maintient comme langue maternelle de l’ensemble de la communauté maure (les Bīđ̣ân) et son usage tend même à s’étendre dans la rue comme langue de communication. Depuis les années 1970, des formes mixtes sont apparues, notamment dans les productions à visée politique, mais dans l’ensemble, les sphères d’emploi des formes non mixtes sont restées bien différenciées, aussi bien à l’oral qu’à l’écrit. L’usage des nouvelles technologies n’a pas apporté de bouleversement radical: le choix du dialecte ou de l’arabe littéraire continue à dépendre à la fois du locuteur, du thème et du point de vue énonciatif. Cependant, alors que ce choix ne concernait, auparavant, que les productions orales, il s’est étendu dorénavant à l’écrit, certains Mauritaniens n’hésitant plus à communiquer en ḥassāniyya par écrit. C’est notamment cette évolution que je me propose de montrer à travers l’étude de messages reçus par WhatsApp. Le corpus constitué au cours de l’année 2019–2020 comprend des enregistrements audio, des vidéos et des textes écrits. Ceux-ci nous ont été réexpédiés par des Mauritaniens bien informés qui les avaient sélectionnés pour leur intérêt particulier (politique, social ou esthétique). Parmi eux, une dizaine de messages concerne la crise du Covid-19 qui a donné lieu à des prises de position relativement tranchées.
“In the Middle East, it’s cool to ‘Sing Moroccan’”: ideologies of slang and contested meanings of Arabic popular music on social media
Authors: Hachimi Atiqa
Published: November 2022

Against the background of the marginalization of North African in relation to Middle Eastern Arabic vernaculars, this paper considers the ways in which popular music has propelled the commodification of Moroccan Arabic and made it a site of deep contestation. It centers on a controversial love song written and performed in Moroccan Arabic by Middle Eastern musicians, specifically their use of sātˁa, a derogatory youth slang term for “girl.” Drawing on in-depth stance-taking analysis of Moroccans’ digital metapragmatic discourse, it argues that metapragmatic debates position some Moroccan musical genres as authentic and some speakers and places as illegitimate representatives of the nation, thus enregistering certain ways of speaking with deviant social types and musical genres. This study has broader implications for the resignification of historically marginalized linguistic varieties in a more globally connected world, including the tensions this creates between the commodification of language and local constructions of sociocultural authenticity and legitimacy.
Next-generation WDM-PON optimized architecture for FTTH network with maximal resources for high throughput
Authors: Verma Dinesh Kumar , Garg Amit Kumar
Published: November 2022

To achieve high data rate, futuristic wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) has pursued due to capability of multiplexing individual wavelength. This paper illustrates the possibility of different data rates along with distance to solve the challenges for next-generation WDM-PON systems. It is superior to present PON design due to rapid progress in different passive components for access network. In this paper, recent progress such as 20 Gb/s (gigabits per second) to 80 Gbps. WDM-PON technology has been carried out. Due to recent development in PON systems, demonstration of 80 Gbps (10 Gbps per wavelength * 8) based WDM-PON system with simplified and optimized design for last mile is presented. The simulation results have been compared to demonstrate the effect of the results achieved. At last, better quality (Q)-factor of 3.46, low value of BER (bit error rate) i.e., 2.48 × 10−11 with reach of 80 km whereas high value of Q-factor of 22.16, eye height of 4.75 and BER of 3.61 × 10−10 has achieved successfully using WDM-PON system.
Biogeography and conservation of desert warthog Phacochoerus aethiopicus and common warthog Phacochoerus africanus (Artiodactyla: Suidae) in the Horn of Africa
Authors: de Jong Yvonne A. , d’Huart Jean-Pierre , Butynski Thomas M.
Published: November 2022

Two species of warthog are currently widely recognised, the poorly known desert warthog Phacochoerus aethiopicus and the widely distributed common warthog Phacochoerus africanus. Spatial data for both species were collected during field surveys and from the literature, museums, colleagues, naturalists, local experts, and online resources to assess their biogeography in the Horn of Africa (HoA). Their distributions were overlaid with ArcGIS datasets for altitude, rainfall, temperature, and ecoregions. Phacochoerus aethiopicus appears to be restricted to Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia, with no records west of the Eastern Rift Valley (ERV). The estimated current geographic distribution of P. aethiopicus is 1,109,000 km2. Phacochoerus africanus occurs in all five countries of the HoA and has an estimated current geographic distribution in the HoA of 1,213,000 km2. Phacochoerus africanus appears to be the more adaptable species although P. aethiopicus is able to live where mean annual rainfall is more variable. Although both species are allopatric over vast regions, they are sympatric in central east Ethiopia, north Somalia, central Kenya, north coast of Kenya, and southeast Kenya. Both suids remain locally common, their populations are, however, in decline due to the negative impacts on the environment by the rapidly growing human populations in all five countries.
Paclobutrazol and benzylaminopurine improve potato yield grown under high temperatures in lowland and medium land
Authors: Mubarok Syariful , Nuraini Anne , Sumadi Sumadi , Hamdani Jajang Sauman
Published: November 2022

Potato is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world. In a tropical country such as Indonesia, potato is cultivated in highland that has low temperature. However, the extensification and intensification of potato cultivation cause environmental problems in the highland. Soil erosion is one of the common problems resulting from potato cultivation that applies heavy tillage. To prevent environmental problems, the land expansion for potato cultivation is carried out in both the medium and lowland. High temperature in both medium and lowland results in the limitation of plant growth and yield. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs), namely paclobutrazol and benzylaminopurine (BAP) application on the growth and yield of potatoes grown under high temperature in both lowland and medium land. A split-plot design was used in this experiment with the main plot as growing altitude, i.e., low and medium land, and the PGR treatments as the subplot, i.e., control, paclobutrazol at 100 mg L−1, BAP at 50 mg L−1, and a combination of paclobutrazol at 100 mg L−1 and BAP at 100 mg L−1. The result showed a reduction in plant growth and yield in potatoes grown in lowland compared to those in medium land. The application of paclobutrazol and BAP improved the number, the weight of tuber, and its starch content. The result indicated that the application of paclobutrazol and BAP could be used to solve an environmental limitation for potato cultivation in both lowland and medium land.
Poultry nutrition
Authors: Barszcz Marcin , Tuśnio Anna , Taciak Marcin
Published: November 2022

Nutrition is the most important environmental factor affecting development, health status, growth performance and profitability of poultry production. Feeds for poultry constitute up to 70–75% of total production costs. Poultry nutrition differs considerably from that of other livestock, which is determined by the specific anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract. Protein, energy, fat, fiber, minerals, vitamins, and water are of basic importance for poultry nutrition and their content in feeds must cover the requirement that differ depending on the bird’s age and species. In general, feed protein must be of good value including the content of essential amino acids. Among them lysine, methionine, cysteine, threonine and tryptophan are the limiting ones. The main ingredient of poultry feeds are cereal grains, i.e. wheat and maize, which predominantly constitute an energy source because their protein content is insufficient for birds. Because of that cereals cannot be the only feed for poultry and must be combined with protein sources such as soybean or rapeseed meal, legume seeds or protein concentrates. Despite birds’ requirement for nutrients and chemical composition of feeds are well known, nutrition must face many problems. One of the most important issues is to find alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters.
Application of minimum description length criterion to assess the complexity of models in mathematical immunology
Authors: Grebennikov Dmitry S. , Zheltkova Valerya V. , Bocharov Gennady A.
Published: November 2022

Mathematical models in immunology differ enormously in the dimensionality of the state space, the number of parameters and the parameterizations used to describe the immune processes. The ongoing diversification of the models needs to be complemented by rigorous ways to evaluate their complexity and select the parsimonious ones in relation to the data available/used for their calibration. A broadly applied metrics for ranking the models in mathematical immunology with respect to their complexity/parsimony is provided by the Akaike information criterion. In the present study, a computational framework is elaborated to characterize the complexity of mathematical models in immunology using a more general approach, namely, the Minimum Description Length criterion. It balances the model goodness-of-fit with the dimensionality and geometrical complexity of the model. Four representative models of the immune response to acute viral infection formulated with either ordinary or delay differential equations are studied. Essential numerical details enabling the assessment and ranking of the viral infection models include: (1) the optimization of the likelihood function, (2) the computation of the model sensitivity functions, (3) the evaluation of the Fisher information matrix and (4) the estimation of multidimensional integrals over the model parameter space.
Computational analysis of the impact of aortic bifurcation geometry to AAA haemodynamics
Authors: Tikhvinskii Denis V. , Merzhoeva Lema R. , Chupakhin Alexander P. , Karpenko Andrey A. , Parshin Daniil V.
Published: November 2022

Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a widespread disease of cardiovascular system. Predicting a moment of its rupture is an important task for modern vascular surgery. At the same time, little attention is paid to the comorbidities, which are often the causes of severe postoperative complications or even death. This work is devoted to a numerical study of the haemodynamics of the model geometry for possible localizations of abdominal aortic aneurysm: on the aortic trunk or on its bifurcation. Both rigid and FSI numerical simulations are considered and compared with the model aortic configuration without aneurysm. It is shown that in the case of localization of the aneurysm on the bifurcation, the pressure in aorta increases upstream. Moreover, only in the case of a special geometry,when the radii of the iliac arteries are equal (r
1 = r
2), and the angle between them is 60 degrees, there is a linear relationship between the pressure in the aorta above the aneurysm and the size of the aneurysm itself: the slope of the straight line is in the interval a ∈ (0.003; 0.857), and the coefficient of determination is R
2 ⩾ 0.75. The area bounded by the curve of the ‘pressure–velocity’ diagram for the values of velocity and pressure upstream in the presence of an aneurysm decreases compared to a healthy case (a vessel without an aneurysm). The simulation results in the rigid and FSI formulations agree qualitatively with each other. The obtained results provide a better understanding of the relationship between the geometrical parameters of the aneurysm and the changing of haemodynamics in the aortic bifurcation and its effect on the cardiovascular system upstream of the aneurysm.
Effect of thermal treatment process on the structure of C/SiO2 composite aerogels
Authors: Xu Na , Shen Xiao-dong
Published: November 2022

Carbon/silica composite (C/SiO2) aerogels were synthesized by using tetraethyl orthosilicate, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, trimethylchlorosilane, resorcinol as the silicon and carbon sources, and ethanol as solvent, via the sol–gel process followed by supercritical ethanol drying and thermal treatment. The influence of thermal treatment process on the structure of C/SiO2 composite aerogels was analyzed mainly and measured by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffraction and nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis. The results showed that the optimum thermal treatment temperature of C/SiO2 composite aerogels was 1,300°C. With the increase in the thermal treatment time, the linear shrinkage of the composite aerogels increased gradually, and the pore volume, average pore diameter and specific surface area of the composite aerogels increased first and then decreased.
A túlfogyasztás jelensége középiskolás diákok körében
Authors: Hohmann Balázs
Published: November 2022

A túlfogyasztás egy több tudományterületet érintő és több területen vizsgált jelenség, probléma-együttes. Talán jelenkori társadalmunk egyik legjellemzőbb „kórisméje”, mely sok tekintetben összefügg immár évtizedek óta vizsgált nagy volumenű jelenségekkel, így a globalizációval, a fogyasztói társadalom kialakulásával és annak egyes jellemzőivel, s nem utolsósorban a közösségekhez való kapcsolat és kötődés empirikusan is tapasztalható megváltozásával. Jelen tanulmány pécsi középiskolás diákok fogyasztási szokásaival foglalkozik, részletesen bemutatja egy Pécsett megvalósult kérdőíves felmérés tapasztalatait. A kutatás adatai alapján elmondható, hogy a bevont tanulók körében kimutatható az időszakosan visszatérő fogyasztási „kényszer”, amelyet a média és a kortárscsoport nyomása jelentősen befolyásolhat.
Az új pszichoaktív szerhasználat kérdése kapcsolathálózati megközelítésben
Authors: B. Erdős Márta , Kelemen Gábor , Rozgonyi Róbert , Kárpáti Tamás , Borda Viktória , Vojtek Éva
Published: November 2022

A szerzők 24, bentlakásos intézményben kezelt új pszichoaktív szerhasználó önéletrajzi szövegének adatvezérelt, számítógéppel segített tartalomelemzését végezték el. A főbb eredmények alapján az abuzív kapcsolatok, a szerhasználati mintázatok több generációra kiterjednek, és családi problémaként értelmezhetőek. A szerhasználó életében megjelenő kontrollált kontrollvesztés és a használó/abuzív kapcsolatok úgy értelmezhetőek, mint a kora gyermekkortól tapasztalt mintázatok ismétlései. Eredményeink kiemelik a kapcsolathálózati szociális munka jelentőségét, a kapcsolati készségek fejlesztésének fontosságát.
Temporal Dynamics of Competition between Statistical Learning and Episodic Memory in Intracranial Recordings of Human Visual Cortex
Authors: Sherman Brynn E. , Graves Kathryn N. , Huberdeau David M. , Quraishi Imran H. , Damisah Eyiyemisi C. , Turk-Browne Nicholas B.
Published: November 2022

The function of long-term memory is not just to reminisce about the past, but also to make predictions that help us behave appropriately and efficiently in the future. This predictive function of memory provides a new perspective on the classic question from memory research of why we remember some things but not others. If prediction is a key outcome of memory, then the extent to which an item generates a prediction signifies that this information already exists in memory and need not be encoded. We tested this principle using human intracranial EEG as a time-resolved method to quantify prediction in visual cortex during a statistical learning task and link the strength of these predictions to subsequent episodic memory behavior. Epilepsy patients of both sexes viewed rapid streams of scenes, some of which contained regularities that allowed the category of the next scene to be predicted. We verified that statistical learning occurred using neural frequency tagging and measured category prediction with multivariate pattern analysis. Although neural prediction was robust overall, this was driven entirely by predictive items that were subsequently forgotten. Such interference provides a mechanism by which prediction can regulate memory formation to prioritize encoding of information that could help learn new predictive relationships.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhen faced with a new experience, we are rarely at a loss for what to do. Rather, because many aspects of the world are stable over time, we rely on past experiences to generate expectations that guide behavior. Here we show that these expectations during a new experience come at the expense of memory for that experience. From intracranial recordings of visual cortex, we decoded what humans expected to see next in a series of photographs based on patterns of neural activity. Photographs that generated strong neural expectations were more likely to be forgotten in a later behavioral memory test. Prioritizing the storage of experiences that currently lead to weak expectations could help improve these expectations in future encounters.
The Impact of Multivesicular Release on the Transmission of Sensory Information by Ribbon Synapses
Authors: James Ben , Piekarz Pawel , Moya-Díaz José , Lagnado Leon
Published: November 2022

The statistics of vesicle release determine how synapses transfer information, but the classical Poisson model of independent release does not always hold at the first stages of vision and hearing. There, ribbon synapses also encode sensory signals as events comprising two or more vesicles released simultaneously. The implications of such coordinated multivesicular release (MVR) for spike generation are not known. Here we investigate how MVR alters the transmission of sensory information compared with Poisson synapses using a pure rate-code. We used leaky integrate-and-fire models incorporating the statistics of release measured experimentally from glutamatergic synapses of retinal bipolar cells in zebrafish (both sexes) and compared these with models assuming Poisson inputs constrained to operate at the same average rates. We find that MVR can increase the number of spikes generated per vesicle while reducing interspike intervals and latency to first spike. The combined effect was to increase the efficiency of information transfer (bits per vesicle) over a range of conditions mimicking target neurons of different size. MVR was most advantageous in neurons with short time constants and reliable synaptic inputs, when less convergence was required to trigger spikes. In the special case of a single input driving a neuron, as occurs in the auditory system of mammals, MVR increased information transfer whenever spike generation required more than one vesicle. This study demonstrates how presynaptic integration of vesicles by MVR can increase the efficiency with which sensory information is transmitted compared with a rate-code described by Poisson statistics.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeurons communicate by the stochastic release of vesicles at the synapse and the statistics of this process will determine how information is represented by spikes. The classical model is that vesicles are released independently by a Poisson process, but this does not hold at ribbon-type synapses specialized to transmit the first electrical signals in vision and hearing, where two or more vesicles can fuse in a single event by a process termed coordinated multivesicular release. This study shows that multivesicular release can increase the number of spikes generated per vesicle and the efficiency of information transfer (bits per vesicle) over a range of conditions found in the retina and peripheral auditory system.
EFFECT OF PORE COMPOSITION ON THERMAL SHOCK RESISTANCE OF POROUS CERAMICS
Authors:   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China, CAO M. C. , JIN X. X. ,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China, DONG L. M. ,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China, LI X. Y. ,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China, ZHANG X. Y ,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
Published: November 2022

Porous alumina ceramics with different pore composition (intrinsic pores and extrinsic pores) were prepared by gel injection molding process combined with pore forming technology and effects of intergranular pores and extrinsic pores on thermal shock fracture resistance and thermal shock damage resistance were studied. The results show that, when the solid phase content or total porosity is the same, the porous ceramic material with extrinsic pores has higher damage tolerance, thermal shock critical temperature difference (ΔTc) and residual strength retention rate. A ratio parameter (KIC/E) for evaluating the thermal shock stability of materials is deduction. The larger the ratio is, the better the thermal shock resistance of materials.
SYNTHESIS OF TIN OXIDE NANOPARTICLES IN ORDER TO STUDY ITS PROPERTIES
Authors:   National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Pakistan, SHAHZAD N. , ALI N. ,   Department of Physics, GPG Jahanzeb College Saidu Sharif, Swat, Pakistan, SHAHID A. ,   Department of Physics, GPG Jahanzeb College Saidu Sharif, Swat, Pakistan, KHAN S. ,   Department of Physics, GPG Jahanzeb College Saidu Sharif, Swat, Pakistan, ALROBEI H. ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam bin Abdullaziz University, AlKharj, Saudi Arabia
Published: November 2022

Pure tin oxide nanoparticles ware synthesized via Co-precipitation method. The assynthesized nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). X-ray diffraction shows that tetrahedral shaped nanoparticles of crystallite size 47.35nm were prepared successfully. The crystallinity was established due the reduction in distortion ratio and dislocation density. The value of strain showed that the nanoparticles fabricated were of high stability. The direct and indirect optical band gap of as-synthesized SnO2 nanoparticles were determined from the reflectance spectra, which were 3eV and 2.65eV respectively.
THE ROLE OF DEPOSITION TEMPERATURE ON PARTICLE SIZE, ROUGHNESS PARAMETERS, MAGNETIC AND STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF ELECTROCHEMICALLY GROWN Ni–Fe/ITO SAMPLES
Authors:   Department of Science Education, Bartın University, 74100, Bartın, Turkey, SARAÇ U. , KAYA M. ,   Vocational School of Health Service, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskişehir, Turkey, BAYKUL M. C. ,   Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskişehir, Turkey
Published: November 2022

In this work, the impact of the deposition temperature (DT) on the particle size, roughness parameters, coercive force, squareness and structural features of the Ni–Fe samples electrochemically deposited onto glasses covered with indium tin oxide (ITO) was researched. An increase in the DT from 20 to 40 °C led to a very slight increase in the Fe concentration of the samples, revealing that the effect of the DT on the chemical composition was insignificant. The crystal structure was a face–centered cubic (fcc) and the preferred growth orientation was in the [111] direction irrespective of the DT. The crystallization of the samples improved, the size of the crystallites increased and the strength of the [111] growth orientation diminished with the DT. An increment in the DT resulted in a strong enhancement in the particle size and surface roughness. Further surface analysis indicated that the sample surface had a well spread out height distribution at the DT of 40 °C, while the sample surfaces at lower DTs 20 and 30 °C had narrow height distributions. In addition to that, the peaks were found to be predominant on the sample surfaces at lower DTs (20 and 30 °C), whereas the deep valleys were predominant on the sample surface at the DT of 40 °C. Magnetic measurements confirmed the existence of a semi–hard magnetic property in all samples. Compared to other samples produced at lower DTs (20 and 30 °C), the Ni–Fe sample electroplated at the DT of 40 °C possessed the highest coercive force and squareness values. Moreover, the magnetic characteristics of the samples were compatible with their morphological and structural characteristics.
EFFECTIVE ATOMIC NUMBERS AND ELECTRON DENSITIES OF GEL DOSIMETERS FOR He, B, C, AND O HIGHLY CHARGED PARTICLES INTERACTION IN THE ENERGY RANGE 10 keV–100 MeV
Authors:   Physics Department, College of Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum 11113, Sudan, ABDELRAHIM M. S. , HAROUN KH. M. ,   Department of Physics, College of Education, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Omdurman, Sudan, ALFAKI A. H. ,   Physics Department, College of Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum 11113, Sudan, BUSH H. S. ,   Department of Physics, faculty of Sciences, Islamic University of Madinah, P.O. POX 170, Madinah, Saudi Arabia, ALDAGHRI O. ,   Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia, EISA M. H. ,   Physics Department, College of Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum 11113, Sudan
Published: November 2022

The radiological properties of different gel dosimeter formulations including six normoxic and four hypoxic polymeric gels, BRESAGE, PREAGE®, Fricke gel dosimeters, and water were investigated using SRIM code. The effective atomic number Zeff and electron density (Ne) for heavily charged particle interaction were calculated and performed for Helium (He), Boron (B), Carbon (C), and Oxygen (O) ion interactions in the energy range from 10 keV to 100 MeV. Variations of effective atomic number (Zeff) and electron density (Ne) with the kinetic energy of ions, (He, B, C, and O), were observed over the whole energy range for all studied materials. Variations of Zeff for He ion are up to 21%, 25%, and 20% for hypoxic and normoxic gels, Fricke gel, and PRESAGE gels, respectively. For other ions, variation is up to 34% for hypoxic and normoxic gels as well as Fricke gel, and 32% for PRESAGE gels. It is found that the maximum values of Zeff have been observed in intermediate energies between 1-10 MeV for all dosimeters, except for PRESAGE and PRESAGE® , where maximum values were observed in the relatively low energy range 10 – 100 keV. For effective atomic number relative to water, polymeric gels and Fricke gel showed better water equivalence with differences <7%, while PRESAGE and PRESAGE® showed high differences up to 17.5%, 22%, 21%, and 25% for He, B, C, and O ion, respectively. Gels found to be most relative to water are (Fricke, HEAG, and PAG), Fricke and HEAG), (Fricke and HEAG), and (Fricke, HEAG, and BANG-1) for He, B, C, and O ion interactions, respectively. Data reported here gives essential information about the interaction of different types of charged particles with different materials and could be useful in the energy range specified.
INFLUENCE OF STEP-AGING ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Al-Zn-Mg TERNARY ALLOYS
Authors:   Department of Physics, GC University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan, RIZWAN M. N. , MAKHDOOM A. R. ,   Department of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Rachna College of Engineering and Technology, UET, Lahore, FAROOQ H. ,   Department of Electrical Engineering, Rachna College of Engineering and Technology, UET, Lahore, KALYAR M. A. ,   Department of Physics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan, GHAURI I. M. ,   Department of Physics, GC University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Published: November 2022

Al-Zn-Mg alloys were prepared using RF induction furnace. Two,out of 10 samples were left un-annealed and remaining were given step-aging in temperature range 125-180oC for 2-4 hours. Characterizations of thesamples were carried out by using optical microscopy, creep and hardness tests. The results of optical micrographs reveal an equiaxed grain structure formed in all step-aged specimens that becomes more obvious with increase of aging time and temperature. The creep deformation rate was found to be minimum in two step aged specimens, whereas, hardness of the two-step aged samples is maximum as compared to the others samples.
TiO2 NANOPARTICLES DECORATED FLOWER-LIKE MoS2 NANOSPHERES WITH ENLARGED INTERLAYER SPACING OF (002) PLANE FOR ENHANCED TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Authors:   Changzhou Institute of Industry Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China, XU W. , FU Y. ,   School of physics and electrical engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, 212013, P.R. China, YAN W. ,   School of physics and electrical engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, 212013, P.R. China, XU Y. ,   School of physics and electrical engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, 212013, P.R. China, XUE M. ,   Changzhou Institute of Industry Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China, XU J. ,   School of physics and electrical engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, 212013, P.R. China
Published: November 2022

In this work, TiO2@MoS2 heterojunction of TiO2 nanoparticles decorated MoS2 nanospheres were successfully fabricated by one-step hydrothermal approach using TiO2 as the precursor, and systematically investigated by various characterization methods (e.g. XRD, SEM, TEM and XPS analysis). Moreover, the tribological experiments of liquid paraffin contained TiO2, MoS2, and TiO2@MoS2 nano-additives were comparatively investigated by a ball-plate wear instrument, which tribological variables include applied load and rotational speed. TiO2@MoS2 as an additive in base oil exhibited superior antifriction and wear resistant among various nano-additives. At the optimal conditions, 5%-TiO2@MoS2-paraffin samples show the lower friction coefficient (~0.08) compared with pure paraffin, and paraffin contained TiO2 and/or MoS2. Additionally, the excellent anti-friction and wear-resistant of TiO2@MoS2 in base oil would be beneficial for the design of novel MoS2-based nano-additives for improving tribological performance in the industry and agriculture.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COBALT SUBSTITUTED W TYPE HEXAGONAL FERRITES
Authors:   Department of Physics, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur-63100, Pakistan, FATIMA N. , KHAN H. M. ,   Department of Physics, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur-63100, Pakistan, LAREF A. ,   Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudia Arabia, ALHASHIM H. H. ,   Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Abdulrehman in Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, ZAHID M. ,   Department of Physics, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur-63100, Pakistan, NADEEM M. ,   Department of Physics, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur-63100, Pakistan, AKHTAR T. ,   Department of Physics, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur-63100, Pakistan, ANJUM R. ,   Department of Physics, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur-63100, Pakistan
Published: November 2022

In this work W type hexagonal ferrites with chemical composition Sr1-xCrxCo2Fe16O27(x= 0.0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1) were synthesized by sol gel auto combustion method. Annealing of the samples was done at 1200 C for 8 hours. Structural and optical properties and grain morphology of the synthesized samples were studies through X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy techniques and scanning electron microscope (SEM). XRD analysis confirmed that all samples exhibited hexagonal W-type single phase crystalline structure at temperature range of 1200oC with no impurity phase. The estimated grain size from SEM images is in the range of 76-139 nm that confirms nanocrystalline structure of samples with hexagonal structure. The FT-IR spectral analysis exhibited that absorption band occurred in ranging from 450 cm-1 to 650 cm-1 . Evidence of successful formation of hexaferrites was revealed by FTIR spectra of prepared samples. The existence of metal oxygen bond at octahedral site and tetrahedral site confirms that all fabricated samples exhibit W-type hexagonal ferrites. Optical characteristic of Sr1-xCrxCo2Fe16O27 analyzed by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The absorption spectra of synthesized nanoparticles of W-type recorded in range of wavelength 300 to 800 nm. This spectroscopy is significant in exploration of materials electronic properties. W-type hexagonal ferrites are suitable for high frequency application such as microwave devices.
STUDY THE ADSORPTION ABILITY OF ALIZARIN RED DYE FROM THEIR AQUEOUS SOLUTION ON SYNTHESIZED CARBON NANOTUBES
Authors:   Wasit University, College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Iraq, RHEIMA A. M. , MAHMOOD R. S. ,   Mustansiriyah University, College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Iraq, HUSSAIN D. H. ,   Mustansiriyah University, College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Iraq, ABBAS Z. S. ,   Mustansiriyah University, College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Iraq
Published: November 2022

In this research, Carbon nanotubes were fabricated by the electrolysis method using (5 x 50 mm) graphite rod as cathode and anode with 4.7 x10-3 mA\cm2 of current density for 6 h. Characterization and identification of the synthesized carbon nanotubes were done using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The synthesized carbon nanotubes behave as an attractive adsorbent for alizarin red dye from wastewater. The effects on the dye removal were tested for contact time, temperatures, and initial concentration. The dye adsorption isotherm has been studied and was a good match for Freundlich isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of samples 24,070 mg/g. Thermodynamic and kinetic studies were done to calculate the parameters (ΔS, ΔH, ΔG) and the adsorption order respectively.
Antibacterial activity of biosynthesized ZnO nanoflakes using Pandanus tectorius leaf extracts
Authors:   Department of Physics, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia, Florence S. S. , Manna C. ,   Department of Physics, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia, Prabha K. ,   Department of Physics, Mother Teresa Women’s University, Kodaikanal, Tamilnadu, India, Bakri M. ,   Department of Biology, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia, Hagazy R. A. ,   Department of Biology, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia, Sowjanya M. ,   Center of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India, Shariq M. ,   Department of Physics, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
Published: November 2022

The crystalline structure and morphology of semiconductor nanoparticles are important factors for determining their optical properties. To synthesis such nanoparticles, green synthesis is one of the most popular methods. In these green synthesis procedures, the plant extracts can be added to control the growth and particle size. In this present work, ZnO nanoflakes are synthesized in a cost-effective green synthsis method using pandamus tecctorius leaf extract. The structure and morphology of as synthesized ZnO nanoflakes have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence (PL) spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The SEM and TEM images reveal the formation of ZnO nanoflakes. The hexagonal wurtzite structure has been predicted from XRD results. Strong blue absorption and the enhanced luminescence property with respect to bulk have been observed from PL studies.
ZnO nanoparticles and their properties as surface coating materials against coronavirus: viewpoint
Authors:   Deanship of scientific research, , Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Idriss H. , Habib M. ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O.Box 90950, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia, Alakhras A. I. ,   Deanship of scientific research, , Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), El Khair H. M. ,   Deanship of scientific research, , Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)
Published: November 2022

A pandemic of coronavirus infection is causing a significant public health hazard globally, putting millions of people at risk in an increasing amount of countries. Nanostructured materials have been recognized to be highly efficient against coronaviruses. ZnO nanoparticles possess unique features that enable to act as anti-bacterial and anti-viral. Hence, the aim of the current investigation is to produce zinc oxide nanoparticles and utilized as surface coating materials against COVID-19. Thermal decomposition has been utilized in this investigation to fabricate ZnO nanoparticles with crystallite of 41 and 55 nm. The study outcomes demonstrated that Zinc nanoparticles is a favorable material for future usage as an anti-coronavirus surface due to their ecologically friendly features and exceptional physical and chemical functionality.
Indigo carmine pigment adsorption utilizing MgO nanostructures fabricated from pimpinella anisum extract
Authors:   Chemistry Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Elamin N. Y. ,   Department of Chemistry, Sudan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 407, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
Published: November 2022

The effectiveness of MgO nanostructures for removing indigo carmine (IC) dye from an aqueous solution is demonstrated in this article. The nanomaterials were synthesized using MgCl2.2H2O and NaOH in a medium containing Pimpinella anisum extract. The microstructure of the samples was investigated using XRD, SEM, EDX, BET, and FTIR. Additionally, the IC dye uptake and adsorption processes were investigated using a MgO sorbent. To synthesize the MgO1 and MgO2 materials, the adsorption kinetics of IC dye, the starting pH of IC dye solution, and contact time were optimized. The maximal theoretical adsorption efficiency of the MgO1 and MgO2 adsorbents for IC dye was 559.2 and 492.6 mg/g, respectively, according to the Langmuir isotherm adsorption model. Further, recycling the MgO1 adsorbent proved conceivable due to its ease of collection and re-use following five adsorption-regeneration cycles.
Study of High field conduction in Se based Chalcogenide glasses
Authors:   Department of Physics, JSS Academy of Technical Education, Noida, India, Yaduvanshi N.
Published: November 2022

The present work reports the study of high field conduction in thin films of Se90Ge10-x Inx (x=2,6) because high field conduction in chalcogenide glasses is affected by the presence of localised states at the band edges as well as the defect states present in the mobility gap.To measure the density of states in these thin films , space charge limited conduction technique is used. I-V characteristics have been measured at various fixed temperatures. An ohmic behaviour is observed at low electric fields upto 102V/cm. Superohmic behaviour is observed at high electric fields (103 -104 V/cm).High field conduction theory of space charge limited conduction for uniform distribution of localised states in the mobility gap fits well with the experimental data.Using this theory, the density of defect states near Fermi level is calculated for all glassy alloys.
Synthesis and characterizations of phosphorus doped ZnO nanoparticles
Authors:   Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), College of Sciences, Department of Physics, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia, El Ghoul J. , Abdel All N. ,   Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), College of Sciences, Department of Physics, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
Published: November 2022

We reported the synthesis of phosphorus doped ZnO nanoparticles for a concentration of P ranging from 2 to 8%by a sol–gel processing technique. The structural and optical properties of these nanoparticles were characterised by different techniques. The structural study confirms the presence of hexagonal wurtzite phase with average crystallite size around 30nm. However, the optical study was shown a high absorption in the UV range and an important reflectance in the visible range. The optical band gap of P-ZnO samples were varied between 3.32 and 3.28 eV. The aim of this work is to study the effect of phosphorus doping on the structural, morphological and optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles.
Structure and functional mapping of the KRAB‐KAP1 repressor complex
Authors: Stoll Guido A , Pandiloski Ninoslav , Douse Christopher H , Modis Yorgo
Published: November 2022

Transposable elements are a genetic reservoir from which new genes and regulatory elements can emerge. However, expression of transposable elements can be pathogenic and is therefore tightly controlled. KRAB domain‐containing zinc finger proteins (KRAB‐ZFPs) recruit the co‐repressor KRAB‐associated protein 1 (KAP1/TRIM28) to regulate many transposable elements, but how KRAB‐ZFPs and KAP1 interact remains unclear. Here, we report the crystal structure of the KAP1 tripartite motif (TRIM) in complex with the KRAB domain from a human KRAB‐ZFP, ZNF93. Structure‐guided mutations in the KAP1‐KRAB binding interface abolished repressive activity in an epigenetic transcriptional silencing assay. Deposition of H3K9me3 over thousands of loci is lost genome‐wide in cells expressing a KAP1 variant with mutations that abolish KRAB binding. Our work identifies and functionally validates the KRAB‐KAP1 molecular interface, which is critical for a central transcriptional control axis in vertebrates. In addition, the structure‐based prediction of KAP1 recruitment efficiency will enable optimization of KRABs used in CRISPRi.
Chronic inflammation decreases HSC fitness by activating the druggable Jak/Stat3 signaling pathway
Authors: Grusanovic Srdjan , Danek Petr , Kuzmina Maria , Adamcova Miroslava K , Burocziova Monika , Mikyskova Romana , Vanickova Karolina , Kosanovic Sladjana , Pokorna Jana , Reinis Milan , Brdicka Tomas , Alberich‐Jorda Meritxell
Published: November 2022

Chronic inflammation represents a major threat to human health since long‐term systemic inflammation is known to affect distinct tissues and organs. Recently, solid evidence demonstrated that chronic inflammation affects hematopoiesis; however, how chronic inflammation affects hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) on the mechanistic level is poorly understood. Here, we employ a mouse model of chronic multifocal osteomyelitis (CMO) to assess the effects of a spontaneously developed inflammatory condition on HSCs. We demonstrate that hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic compartments in CMO BM contribute to HSC expansion and impair their function. Remarkably, our results suggest that the typical features of murine multifocal osteomyelitis and the HSC phenotype are mechanistically decoupled. We show that the CMO environment imprints a myeloid gene signature and imposes a pro‐inflammatory profile on HSCs. We identify IL‐6 and the Jak/Stat3 signaling pathway as critical mediators. However, while IL‐6 and Stat3 blockage reduce HSC numbers in CMO mice, only inhibition of Stat3 activity significantly rescues their fitness. Our data emphasize the detrimental effects of chronic inflammation on stem cell function, opening new venues for treatment.