bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Coherent Hemodynamic Spectroscopy Model to Investigate Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Toronov Vladislav , Soltani Nima , Leung Leeanne , Mohindra Rohit , Lin Steve
Published: January 2025

The Coherent Hemodynamic Spectroscopy (CHS) model provides a quantitative framework for modeling cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism, particularly in response to small physiological perturbations. However, in its original approximate formulation it was limited to conditions where parameter changes were constrained to 10–20%, making it unsuitable for modeling extreme physiological disruptions such as cardiac arrest. In this study, we present a detailed discussion of the algorithm using the complete CHS model, which extends the original framework by solving partial differential equations without approximations to handle large non-periodic perturbations. This model was applied to data from a previously published cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) study in pigs, where cerebral blood flow changed by 100%. While our prior work demonstrated the utility of this approach for analyzing cerebral microvascular and metabolic parameters, it did not include the algorithmic details necessary for reproducibility and broader application. Here we address this gap by describing the algorithm's workflow, including the use of non-linear multivariate optimization, and its ability to recover multiple physiological variables, such as the capillary and venule oxygen saturations, and parameters, such as the capillary oxygen diffusion rate, and arterial oxygen saturation. The latter can be valuable when the pulse oximetry measurements are unavailable due to unstable, weak or absent pulse. This study underscores the importance of non-linear modeling in advancing the application of CHS to extreme physiological conditions and highlights its potential for translational research and clinical innovation.
Adaptive Semantic Fusion for Contextual Image Captioning
Authors: Cooper Ethan , Hsu Lobry , Ramirez Sofia
Published: January 2025

The automatic generation of textual descriptions from visual data is a fundamental yet challenging task that requires the seamless integration of image understanding and sophisticated language modeling. It involves not only identifying and interpreting complex visual elements but also effectively mapping them to coherent and contextually relevant textual representations. In this paper, we propose a novel framework called the \textit{Dynamic Iterative Refinement Model (DIRM)}, which addresses these challenges by dynamically adjusting the output vocabulary of the language decoder through decoder-driven visual semantics. By leveraging a dynamic gating mechanism and scatter-connected mappings, DIRM implicitly learns robust associations between visual tag words and corresponding image regions. This enables the model to generate captions that are semantically rich, contextually accurate, and capable of capturing fine-grained visual details. The proposed framework introduces a multi-step refinement strategy, wherein visual concepts are iteratively refined and integrated into the decoding process to enhance semantic alignment. Furthermore, DIRM incorporates a visual-concept vocabulary to guide the generation of descriptive keywords, effectively bridging the gap between high-level visual semantics and linguistic coherence. These innovations allow the model to adaptively focus on salient image features, reducing reliance on generic language patterns and promoting content-specific caption generation. Extensive experiments conducted on the MS-COCO dataset demonstrate the superiority of DIRM over existing visual-semantic-based approaches. The framework achieves state-of-the-art results across multiple evaluation metrics, including BLEU, CIDEr, and SPICE, reflecting its ability to generate captions with enhanced fluency, relevance, and descriptive depth. Additionally, qualitative analysis highlights the model's proficiency in capturing nuanced visual relationships and producing detailed captions that align closely with human annotations. Our work represents a significant advancement in image captioning, paving the way for future research in dynamic visual-linguistic integration and multimodal generation tasks.
Influence of Mixed Powder Aging on the Structural, Chemical, and Crystalline Morphological Properties of the PA12 Powder Used to Manufacture Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
Authors: Garcia Rodriguez Alejandro , Espejo Mora Edgar , Velasco Peña Marco Antonio , Narváez Tovar Carlos Alberto
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the effects of multiple selective laser sintering (SLS) cycles on a polyamide 12 powder blend comprising 70% recycled and 30% virgin material. Thermal analysis revealed significant changes in the thermal behavior of the powder, including an increase in the melting temperature and crystallinity and a decrease in the crystallization temperature. Particle size distribution analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the initial and post sintering powder states. Microscopic observations revealed a strong correlation between the crystal and particle morphologies. These findings provide crucial insights into the microstructural evolution and thermal behavior of recycled PA12 powder during repeated SLS processing, aiding in the development of sustainable and ef-ficient powder recycling strategies for additive manufacturing.
Inactivated African Swine Fever Virus Vaccine Induces Safe and Efficient Immune Protection Through Mucosal Immunity
Authors: Yang Jinlong
Published: January 2025

Background: African swine fever (ASF) is among the most devastating viral diseases of pigs. Despite nearly a century of research, there is still no safe and effective vaccine available. The current situation is that either vaccines are safe but not effective, or they are effective but not safe.
Findings: The ASF vaccine prepared using the inactivation method with ß-propiolactone provided 98.6% protection within 100 days after three intranasal immunizations, spaced 7 days apart.
Conclusions: An inactivated vaccine made from complete African swine fever virus（ASFV） particles using β-propiolactone is safe and effective for controlling ASF through mucosal immunity.
Modulating Polyphenol Activity with Metal Ions: Insights into Dermatological Applications
Authors: Cioancă Oana , Lungu Ionuţ-Iulian , Batir-Marin Denisa , Lungu Andreea , Marin George-Alexandru , Huzum Riana , Stefanache Alina , Sekeroglu Nazim , Hancianu Monica
Published: January 2025

Background: The skin represents the first barrier of defence, and its integrity is crucial for overall health. Skin wounds present a considerable risk seeing how their progression is rapid and sometimes they are caused by comorbidities like diabetes and venous diseases. Nutraceutical combinations like the ones between polyphenols and metal ions present considerable applications thanks to their increased bioavailability and their ability to modulate intrinsic molecular pathways.; Methods: The research findings presented in this paper are based on a systematic review of current literature with an emphasis on nanotechnology and regenerative medicine strategies that incorporate polyphenols and metallic nanoparticles (NPs). The key studies which described the action mechanisms, efficacy and safety of these hybrid formulations were reviewed. Results: The polyphenol-metal complexes like curcumin conjugated with silver NPs and resveratrol with copper NPs showed improved antibacterial activity, fibroblast proliferation and collagen formation. The formulations proved effective in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, which are key impediments to wound healing. Conclusions: The use of polyphenol-metal hybrids has the potential of being the new advancement in managing chronic wounds through the enhancement of the healing processes and anti-infective properties. Further research is needed to determine the effects of these agents and how they work and to prove their efficacy in large scale randomised controlled trials. It will be crucial to gain deeper insights into the stability as well as the delivery of these new approaches in order to integrate them into the clinical practice.
Hydrological Modelling of the Navio-Quebrado Coastal Lagoon (La Guajira, Colombia): A Challenging Exercise
Authors: Nardini Andrea Gianni Cristoforo , Torres-Bejarano Franklin , Villanueva Jairo R. Escobar , Rodríguez Fernandez Rosa Angelica , Fragozo Arevalo Jose Miguel , Pérez-Montiel Jhonny Isaac
Published: January 2025

In a previous paper [1], we presented a very simple monitoring system. That system aimed at providing the basic information needed to set up a hydrological simulation model which would be used to explore and understand the behavior of the system and explore possible changes linked to future climates. After more than 1.5 years of observations, the gathered information was utilizable to test a 0D hydrological model. This exercise is presented here together with a comparison with a more refined, and more demanding, 2D hydrodynamic model, enlightening strengths and weaknesses. Several details are revealed in this paper showing how even a simple case needs some type of art in order to overcome the unavoidable difficulties. Surprisingly nice answers have been obtained which illuminate on the behavior of the lagoon and shed light on the key points to be improved both in monitoring and modelling. This exercise can be of help in several similar situations.
Examining Huanglongbing Disease in Citrus Plantations: A Study in North Al-Batinah Governorate, Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Al Sadrani Mohammed , Al Kaabi Saif , Al Fahdi Ahmed , Al Adawi Ali , Kubaa Raied Abou , Dharmalingam Ramalingam
Published: January 2025

Huanglongbing (HLB), commonly known as citrus greening disease, is among the most severe diseases affecting the Citrus genus. It is caused by three species of the Candidatus Liberibacter bacterium: Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), Candidatus Liberibacter africanus (Laf), and Candidatus Liberibacter americanus (Lam). This study aimed to investigate the presence of HLB in various citrus varieties exhibiting suspected symptoms within the citrus gene bank in Suhar, Oman. Samples were collected and subjected to PCR amplification using two primer sets, CN265/CN266 and OI1/OI2c, followed by restriction enzyme analysis with Xbal endonuclease to differentiate between Las and Laf species. Results confirmed the presence of the Las species in Clementine, Grapefruit, Lime, and orange varieties.
Soft Actor-Critic Reinforcement Learning Improves Distillation Column Internals Design Optimization
Authors: Fortela Dhan Lord , Broussard Holden , Ward Renee , Broussard Carly , Mikolajczyk Ashley , Bayoumi Magdy , Zappi Mark
Published: January 2025

Amid the advancements in computer-based chemical process modeling and simulation packages used in commercial applications aimed at accelerating chemical process design and analysis, there are still certain tasks in design optimization such as distillation column internals design that become bottlenecks due to inherent limitations in such software packages. This work demonstrated the use of soft actor-critic (SAC) reinforcement learning (RL) in automating the task of determining the optimal design of trayed multi-stage distillation column. The design environment was created using the AspenPlus® software with its RadFrac module for the required rigorous modeling of column internals. The RL computational work was achieved by developing a Python package that allows interfacing with AspenPlus®, and by implementing in OpenAI’s Gymnasium module the learning space for the state and action variables. The results evidently show that: (1) SAC RL works as automation approach for the design of distillation column internals, (2) the reward scheme in the SAC model significantly affects SAC performance, (3) column diameter is a significant constraint in achieving column internals design specification in flooding, and (4) SAC hyperparameters have varying effect on SAC performance. Therefore, SAC RL can significantly improve the design of multistage distillation column internals by automating the optimization process.
Stochastic models indicate rapid smallpox spread and mass mortality of Indigenous Australians after colonial exposure
Authors: Nitschke Matthew , Williams Alan , Ingrey Shane , Griffiths Billy , Pitt Nicholas , Russell Lynette , Ulm Sean , Beller Kirsty , Bird Michael , Fatima Syeda , McNiven Ian , Saltre Frederik , Bashford Alison , Wilson Christopher , Bradshaw Corey
Published: January 2025

The impact of smallpox (variola) on Aboriginal communities in Australia beginning in 1789 was catastrophic and continues to cause intergenerational trauma. Historically biased perspectives and contemporary misinformation of the disease’s introduction and spread impede modern-day truth-telling and subsequent reconciliation and national healing. Understanding whether the disease entered and spread from pre-colonial Makassan (Indonesian) trade along the northern coast, or from the First Fleet’s arrival in south-eastern Australia in 1788, is necessary to estimate demographic impact. We developed stochastic, multi-patch epidemiological models supported by systematic evaluation of historical observations to test hypotheses regarding possible disease entry points, spread rate, and demographic impacts. Our models suggest that entry of the disease was in south-eastern Australia. No successful simulations reached Sydney from a northern entry, even under ideal conditions and with higher-than-probable infection rates. Our model predicts time from initial entry of the disease to its extinction took between 1,200 and 1,400 days (< 4 years). Due to a high mortality rate, it appears to have been limited to the south-eastern coastal margins of Australia and along major intersecting river systems such as the Murray and Lachlan Rivers. There is no evidence that the 1789 epidemic was Australia-wide. Assuming a 60% lethality based on global data, the loss of 40,000–240,000 people would have occurred in these regions in < 4 years. While catastrophic to traditional Indigenous lifeways in the southeast, the disease also provided the catalyst for population decline and marginalisation of Indigenous people in the face of expanding European populations. It seems unlikely that other parts of Australia were affected by the initial epidemic, and we recommend revisiting previous assumptions of the subsequent impacts to Indigenous societies by other diseases and frontier violence. While there is evidence for the presence of variola matter in early colonial Sydney, we cannot yet confirm that the disease was spread deliberately. We warn readers that the content of this study is confronting and possibly distressing.
Aerobic hydrocarbon oxidation in a novel archaeal lineage
Authors: Leu Andy , Woodcroft Ben , McIlroy Simon , Tyson Gene
Published: January 2025

Over the last decade, there has been significant advances in our understanding of anaerobic hydrocarbon oxidation in Archaea. While Bacteria are known to oxidise hydrocarbons aerobically, no aerobic hydrocarbon oxidation pathway has been found in Archaea. Here, we report the first aerobic hydrocarbon oxidizing archaeon in a novel order of the Syntropharchaeia. This order is represented by six metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) spanning three genera that are found in terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Our analysis revealed that MAGs belonging to one newly defined genus, Candidatus ‘Aerovita’, encode a bacterial copper monooxygenase complex with homology to bacterial hydrocarbon monooxygenases. The presence of other oxygen-dependent enzymes, such as haem-copper oxygen reductase, and the absence of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, indicate an aerobic lifestyle for the Ca. ‘Aerovita’ lineage. These findings support horizontal gene transfer between archaeal and bacterial domains facilitating the evolution of aerobic hydrocarbon-oxidizing archaea.
A rare case of Fetal bilateral Wilms’ Tumor in horseshoe Kidney: A case report
Authors: Melis Abebe , Tadesse Teketel , Jemal Samson , Ketema Worku
Published: January 2025

Wilms' tumor is the most common malignant kidney tumor in children. The horseshoe kidney is the most common renal fusion malformation. However, Wilms' tumor is rarely identified in horseshoe kidney patients. The incidence of horseshoe kidney is about 1 in 400 cases. Wilms’ tumor or Nephrogenic rests can occur in both kidneys, termed bilateral disease, found in only 5–8% of cases. Management of bilateral Wilms’ tumor presents a major clinical challenge in terms of maximizing survival, preserving renal function, and understanding underlying genetic risk. Ultrasound is used to diagnose horseshoe kidneys, whereas Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are often used for staging purposes. Here, we present an extremely rare case of a fetus with a prenatal diagnosis of renal mass, and an autopsy found out to be a bilateral congenital Wilms’ tumor in the horseshoe kidney. Up to our knowledge, it is the first case to be reported from Ethiopia, and there are only a few case reports worldwide.
Healthcare-Seeking Intentions of Middle-Aged and Elderly Individuals with Critical Diseases: Insights from the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lee Po-Chun , Huang Ching-Yuan , Hsu Meng-Jun
Published: January 2025

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic posed a significant threat to global public health, particularly affecting Taiwan's middle-aged and elderly populations. Fear of infection led patients with critical illnesses to delay seeking medical care, disrupting disease management and quality of life. This study applies an expanded Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model, incorporating "perceived risk" and "trust," to examine healthcare-seeking behavior during the pandemic and provide insights for improving healthcare accessibility and reducing mortality rates.
Methods
This study utilized the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as the foundational framework, encompassing three core constructs: "attitude," "subjective norm," and "perceived behavioral control." To further examine the "behavioral intentions" of patients with critical illnesses in making healthcare decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic, two additional constructs, "perceived risk" and "trust," were integrated. A cross-sectional study design and purposive sampling method were employed, resulting in the collection of 526 valid questionnaires. The structural equation model was subsequently analyzed and validated by Partial Least Squares (Smart PLS).
Results
Among five primary dimensions influencing healthcare-seeking behavioral intentions, "trust" had the most significant impact (β = 0.373, p < 0.001), followed by "attitude," "perceived risk," "perceived behavioral control," and "subjective norm." Trust in hospitals (TRH) was notably stronger than trust in individual physicians (TRD). Additionally, patients with hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia exhibited significant variations in healthcare-seeking intentions.
Conclusion
The findings highlight the critical role of trust in healthcare systems, underscoring the need for transparent communication and safe environments. The results suggest strategies for improving healthcare accessibility and patient trust in a post-pandemic context.
The PSD-95 inhibitor NA-1 is delivered to the brain upon nasal administration with uptake into the olfactory bulb improved by co-administration with the cell-penetrating peptides LowPro and Tat
Authors: Schmidt Solveig Elle , Joensen Gunhild , Sandbjerg Camilla , Thaysen Maria , Gammelgaard Bente , Schindowski Katharina , Kristensen Mie
Published: January 2025

Ischemic stroke affects millions of people annually with limited treatment options targeting excitotoxicity, a major cause of cognitive impairment. The PSD-95 inhibitor NA-1 has demonstrated neuroprotective potential, but its efficacy via intravenous administration is hindered by broad systemic distribution, reduced brain exposure, and interaction with thrombolytic agents like alteplase. This study explores the potential of nasal administration as an alternative delivery route to enhance brain uptake and reduce systemic off-target effects of NA-1. A porcine primary olfactory model was exploited to evaluate NA-1 permeability and the impact of co-administration with the cell-penetrating peptides Tat, LowPro, and PenShuf. NA-1 alone permeated the model to a greater extent than a similar sized model dextran compound, with PenShuf improving NA-1 permeability but compromising barrier integrity in vitro. In vivo, nasal administration to mice achieved brain uptake of NA-1, particularly in the olfactory bulb, with co-administration of Tat and LowPro enhancing olfactory bulb delivery. Compared to intravenously administered NA-1, nasal delivery resulted in significantly lower off-target tissue distribution. These findings highlight nasal administration as a qualified alternative for NA-1 delivery, with potential to bypass the limitations of intravenous administration and enable concurrent use with alteplase during acute ischemic stroke.
A surgical window of opportunity trial evaluating the effect of the PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab on tumoral MHC-I expression and CD8+ infiltration in glioma
Authors: Khasraw Mustafa , Singh Kirit , Foster Matthew , Violette Marlene , Corcoran Anna , Hotchkiss Kelly , Railton Chelsea , Blandford Emily , Blethen Kathryn , Thomas Elizabeth , Ashley David , Desjardins Annick , Friedman Henry , Johnson Margaret , Friedman Allan , Keir Stephen , Buckley Evan , Herndon James , McLendon Roger , Sampson John , Calabrese Evan , Lopez Giselle , Grant Gerald , Patel Anoop , Gregory Simon , Li Chuan-Yuan , Fecci Peter
Published: January 2025

Many cancers evade immunosurveillance by downregulating surface major histocompatibility class (MHC)-I. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) promotes MHC-I degradation and is elevated in glioma. Evolocumab is a clinically approved PCSK9 inhibitor, which restores MHC-I expression in pre-clinical cancer models. However, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have limited blood brain/tumor barrier penetrance (BBB/BTB). The aim of this window-of-opportunity trial was to evaluate evolocumab’s BBB/BTB penetrance and biological effect in glioma (PesKE; NCT04937413). Patients with newly diagnosed/recurrent glioma undergoing a clinically indicated biopsy or resection were enrolled (n=32, M: 16, F: 16; control average age: 51.85, evolocumab: 53). Intervention participants (n=6) received subcutaneous evolocumab 4-14 days pre-procedure. 4/6 intervention participants provided research tissue. No significant adverse events were observed. Evolocumab was detected in all analyzed intervention tissue, with an average tumor:blood ratio of 0.0222 (SD±0.0190), akin to other mAbs. Evolocumab quantitation was 4.44x greater in contrast-enhancing (mean 0.0068 fmol/mcg (SD±0.001)) vs non-contrast enhancing cases (mean 0.0015 fmol/mcg (SD±0.0004)). Proteomic analysis found positive trends between evolocumab and MHC-I subtypes (HLA-A-C, E-G), with a significant positive correlation with HLA-H (R2=0.9584, p=0.021*). Tumor tissue with higher evolocumab titers demonstrated increased surface MHC-I and CD8+ T cell infiltration. Increased CD8+ TNF, FASLG and GZMA transcription was observed in high titer tissue compared to low titer tissue/untreated controls. Pre-resection evolocumab is well tolerated but exhibits BBB/BTB penetrance akin to other mAbs. Increased tumoral evolocumab/PCSK9i may enhance tumoral MHC-I/effector CD8+ infiltration. Future work will explore combining evolocumab with BBB/BTB opening therapies like low-intensity focused ultrasound.
One Sentence Summary: We conducted a tissue-based study in glioma patients to evaluate if peripheral evolocumab enters tumors, enhances surface MHC-I, and boosts effector CD8+ T cell infiltration.
Dissecting Regulatory Non-Coding GWAS Loci Reveals Fibroblast Causal Genes with Pathophysiological Relevance to Heart Failure
Authors: Li Chi-Ming , Gill Richard , Lu Daniel , Eres Ittai , Lu Jiamiao , Cui Jixin , Wang Chen , Yu Zhongsheng , Yamawaki Tracy , Zhou Hong , Pei Baikang , Amrute Junedh , Ang Yen-Sin , Wang Songli , Lavine Kory , Ason Brandon , Hsu Yi-Hsiang
Published: January 2025

Heart failure is caused in part by cardiac remodeling processes that include the death of cardiac myocytes and their replacement by cardiac fibroblasts. We hypothesized that these two cell types may harbor epigenetic contexts in which heart disease-associated non-coding SNPs perturb gene expression relevant to disease. Accordingly, we generated high-resolution Hi-C data layered with functional genomic information to annotate and link putative distal regulatory elements in heart disease-associated loci to gene promoters. Our analysis identified several target genes with established roles in cardiac fibrosis and/or heart disease (GJA1, TBC1D32, CXCL12, IL6R, and FURIN). Perturb-seq in cardiac fibroblasts to knock out putative regulatory elements confirmed regulatory relationships involving GJA1, CXCL12, and FURIN, as gene editing led to changes in transcriptomic signatures associated with fibroblasts in heart failure. Our results demonstrate how integrative multi-omic approaches can delineate pathophysiologically relevant regulatory circuits that connect protein-coding genes to non-coding genetic variants associated with disease.
Country reputation and global university rankings: Does social media engagement make a difference?
Authors: Juhaidi Ahmad , Yaqin Husnul , Ma’ruf Hidayat , Mizani Hilmi , Mahani Muhniansyah Arasyid
Published: January 2025

International students indicate the university's international reputation. The study examines how country reputation, university rankings, and Instagram social media marketing (IG SMM) affect universities' international reputation, with IG SMM analysed as a moderator between exogenous variables and international reputation. Using a random sampling technique, we selected 164 universities from the 2024 Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) World University Rankings, which features the top 602 universities globally. Data analysis uses partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with the help of SmartPLS version 4.9.0.9. The study found that educational quality, host nation security, and university rankings significantly influence international reputation, while IG SMM has no effect and does not moderate the impact of these factors. This suggests that when a university's reputation increases, the impact of social media marketing on the university's brand reputation diminishes. This study provides valuable insights into the country's reputation, university rankings, and the international reputation of the university.
Forecasting Customer Invoice Settlement with behavioural analytics
Authors: B Meenal
Published: January 2025

Empirical evidence across diverse sectors illustrates that organizations frequently encounter challenges with the collection of payments from customers. Research findings indicate that a significant proportion of invoices issued to small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as business-to- business entities, in the United States and United Kingdom are settled beyond their due dates. The primary objective of this study is to investigate customer payment behavior in relation to invoice payments and introduce an analytical framework for studying and projecting payment patterns. Our reasoning can subsequently be integrated into a decision support framework, enabling decision makers to formulate forecasts relating to future disbursements and to initiate appropriate measures aimed at recovering any outstanding liabilities, or to modify their financial strategies in accordance with projected cashflow figures. Our examination involves the utilization of a comprehensive dataset comprising over 1.6 million customers, encompassing their invoice details, payment history, and interactions, such as email communication, SMS, and phone calls, initiated by the company issuing the invoices in order to prompt payment. We employ both supervised and unsupervised learning methodologies to anticipate the likelihood of a customer settling their invoice or outstanding balance by the upcoming due date, drawing upon the interactions initiated by the company and the corresponding customer responses. We introduce an innovative behavioral scoring framework to be utilized as a predictive model input. The outcomes of logistic regression examined in the study demonstrate a maximum accuracy of 97%, irrespective of whether preclustering of customers was conducted, compared to the other two machine learning methodologies evaluated. This model exhibits considerable potential to assist decision-makers in formulating strategies that enhance the financial robustness of the organization through effective cash flow management and reduction of extraneous corporate credit lines.
Embedded-Filter ACO using Clustering Based Mutual Information for Feature Selection
Authors: Mallidi S Kumar Reddy , Ramisetty Rajeswara Rao
Published: January 2025

The performance of any machine learning algorithm depends on the purity of the dataset used. A dataset contains both necessary and unnecessary or redundant features. Feature selection is the process of selecting essential features and removing unnecessary and redundant features. Eliminating unnecessary features also minimizes the computational resources needed for processing and storing the datasets. Feature selection methods are broadly classified as filter-based methods and wrapper-based methods. On the other hand, ant colony optimization (ACO) is one widely used bio-inspired meta-heuristic technique used for the selection of optimal solutions. The widely used heuristic measure in ACO for feature selection techniques is mutual information. However, the traditional mutual information can be used effectively with only categorical features. In this paper, we propose an embedded-filter ACO feature selection technique (EFACO) that is embedded with clustering-based mutual information as a heuristic measure for datasets with continuous features and discrete labels. To show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, EFACO was used on various datasets, and the selected feature subsets were tested with multiple machine learning algorithms. The results clearly show that the EFACO selects the minimal number of features without diminishing the efficiency of machine learning algorithms in the majority of cases.
Generalized TCP-Red Dynamical Model for Internet Congestion Control
Authors: Amigó José María , Duran Guillem , Giménez Ángel , Martínez-Bonastre Óscar , Valero José
Published: January 2025

Adaptive management of traffic congestion in the Internet is a complex problem that can gain useful insights from a dynamical approach. In this paper we propose and analyze a one-dimensional, discrete-time nonlinear model for Internet congestion control at the routers. Specifically, the states correspond to the average queue sizes of the incoming data packets and the dynamical core consists of a monotone or unimodal mapping with a unique fixed point. This model generalizes a previous one in that additional control parameters are introduced via the data packet drop probability with the objective of enhancing stability. To make the analysis more challenging, the original model was shown to exhibit the usual features of low-dimensional chaos with respect to several system and control parameters, e.g., positive Lyapunov exponents and Feigenbaum-like bifurcation diagrams. We concentrate first on the theoretical aspects that may promote the unique stationary state of the system to a global attractor, which in our case amounts to global stability. In a second step, those theoretical results are translated into stability domains for robust setting of the new control parameters in practical applications. Numerical simulations confirm that the new parameters make it possible to extend the stability domains, in comparison with previous results. Therefore, the present work may lead to an adaptive congestion control algorithm with a more stable performance than other algorithms currently in use.
N-Centroid Classifier vs. Machine Learning Models for Data Classification
Authors: Abdalla Hassan I. , Altaf Aneela , Nguyen Loc
Published: January 2025

Due to their universal applicability, machine learning models (ML) have been a hot topic during the last two decades. Despite their effectiveness, some ML models exhibit inefficiency, particularly in big data classification. Moreover, some ML models have been seen ineffective on some small datasets. In this regard, due to the growing accessibility of online data, the automatic data classification technique has attracted a lot of study interest. As a result, numerous unique learning strategies have been developed in the text categorization field. The Centroid-Based Classifier (CBC) is one of these most extensively used technique among them. While focusing on enhancing NC classifier, this paper, therefore, aims to briefly investigate the impact of some ML models on small and medium-sized dataset’s classification. Among these models: N-Centroid technique (NC) as a simply-designed classifier, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Multinomial Bayesian (MNB). Most importantly, this paper introduces an enhanced variation of NC via its integration with two similarity measures, namely, Set Theory Based Similarity Measure (STB-SM) and Improved Cosine Similarity Measure (ISC). The performance of integrated NC classifiers has been seen as promising in terms of both effectiveness and efficiency.
Recommendations for the operation of residential premises as a way to enhance their reliability and safety
Authors: Zhuravlev A. E. , Peshkov A. V.
Published: January 2025

The Rosstat data shows a steady increase in the volume of residential premises being put into operation. Notably, the number of individual housing units has grown significantly, and the total area of multifamily buildings commissioned in 2023 reached a record high in the Russian Federation. A multifamily building is considered as a complex structure composed of individual apartment units, engineering systems, stairwells, elevators, attics, basements, and other structural elements. Property owners lack knowledge about the parameters and features of their residential premises, locations of load-bearing structures, and critical engineering systems. In most cases, residents do not seek assistance from specialized organizations for developing a renovation or reconfiguration project. Transformations may lead to changes in loads on the supporting structures and other systems, thereby providing certain risk for the entire residential building. In order to prevent serious consequences, the present paper suggests the “Residential Premise Operation Guideline” that outlines key parameters and recommendations to be introduced. In the long term, it should reduce the likelihood of emergency situations caused by the actions of the owners.
Prerequisites for the training of specialists in the operational phase of the life cycle of buildings, structures, and facilities
Authors: Chernyshov L. N. , Smolina L. F. , Kalgushkin A. G.
Published: January 2025

To ensure the normative service life of a building, structure, construction and to prevent premature reduction of technical, economic, ergonomic, aesthetic, and other characteristics of real estate objects, a specific set of engineering, organizational, economic, and other measures can be used (inspections, planning, technical regulations for maintenance, upkeep and repair, methods of studying and determining the condition of structural elements and engineering systems of buildings, structures and facilities). From the analysis of knowledge, skills, and abilities fixed in the sectoral professional standards the thesis is substantiated that the service of housing and communal services is derived from the actions of employees of enterprises of this sphere on their operation of buildings, structures, facilities, engineering equipment and networks. This paper provides justification for the formation of a new direction of training specialists to ensure effective functioning of buildings, structures, facilities at the stage of life cycle, i.e. operation. The competencies of a specialist engaged in organizing and carrying out works on maintenance of buildings, structures, and facilities are outlined.
Polymeric conjugates of cefotaxime and its release kinetics
Authors: Tyurina T. G. , Kryuk T. V. , Shevchuk N. O.
Published: January 2025

The present study examines reaction products in the solution of antibiotic cefotaxime with succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride copolymer, and dialdehyde wheat starch. The reaction of cefotaxime with succinic anhydride is shown to produce succinamide; to maleic anhydride copolymer, cefotaxime is likely to bind via noncovalent intermolecular interactions. An azomethine derivative of oxidized polysaccharide with cefotaxime was found to form; the molar ratio of initial glucosidic units in starch, unreacted dialdehyde units, and those bonded to cefotaxime through the azomethine linkage is 0.204:0.606:0.19. Drug release from the obtained matrix form was studied in different biorelevant media (saline, phosphate buffer, and Tris-HCl buffer). The amount of cefotaxime released in ten hours was found to approach 100%. Its release proceeds in two phases. In the first phase (1–2 h), 35 (pH 7.14) to 70% (pH 7.4–8.0) of the drug substance is released into the solution, followed by a significant decrease in the release rate. The processing of kinetic data using the first-order and Higuchi equations revealed consistency with both models. The obtained rate constants increase in proportion to the solution pH. It is assumed that first, the azomethine bond hydrolysis occurs with the release of cefotaxime molecules from the polymer matrix; then, the macromolecules of oxidized starch residing on the surface are dissolved; due to an increase in the viscosity of the solution layer surrounding the conjugate particle, the hydrolysis rate decreases. In general, cefotaxime release from the conjugate proceeds as a pseudo-first-order reaction accompanied by diffusion processes.
Base industrial de defesa brasileira: uma análise de clusters espaciais e de concentração industrial
Authors: Almeida Ribeiro Erika , de Oliveira Assis Ana Carolina
Published: January 2025

O espaço é um tema comum nas análises econômicas. Pesquisadores da área se dedicam à investigação sobre quais seriam os determinantes da concentração espacial e entendem que a proximidade geográfica tende a gerar ganhos de eficiência e retornos crescentes de escala, justificando o surgimento de clusters industriais. Na área da indústria de defesa existem estudos dedicados ao tema, a exemplo do estudo de Malecki (1984), o qual argumenta que a concentração da produção de defesa impulsionaria ainda mais esta aglomeração espacial e quanto mais alto o grau de tecnologia, mais concentrada econômica e espacialmente seria esta indústria. Isso posto, este trabalho tem como objetivo principal identificar a existência de concentração industrial e de concentração espacial na BID brasileira por meio da mensuração do quociente locacional (QL) e da realização de uma análise exploratória de dados espaciais (AEDE), buscando fornecer subsídios para a formulação de políticas públicas. Os principais resultados sugerem, em especial, uma importância da região sudeste do país, com destaque para o estado de São Paulo na produção de aeronaves e do Rio de Janeiro na fabricação de embarcações, clusters de defesa.
Influência dos atributos do solo nos processos de retenção do herbicida diuron
Authors:   , Chagas Paulo Sérgio Fernandes
Published: January 2025

A eficiência no controle das plantas daninhas e o destino ambiental dos herbicidas com efeito
residual depende das interações entre a molécula do pesticida e o solo. O conhecimento destes
fatores é essencial para reduzir a contaminação ambiental e intoxicação a organismos não alvo.
Dois experimentos foram realizados para avaliar as relações entre os atributos de diferentes
solos e a sorção do herbicida diuron. No primeiro experimento, por meio de análise
multivariada, definiram-se grupos de solos homogêneos e, posteriormente, intervalo de sorção
e dessorção destes solos. No segundo experimento, analisamos se houve influência do pH, por
meio da adição de calcário, nos processos de retenção do herbicida no solo, na sorção e
dessorção do diuron. A avaliação da sorção em ambos os experimentos foi feita a partir da
construção de isotermas de sorção com soluções do herbicida (0,2; 0,4; 0,73; 1,5; 3; 6 e 12 mg
L-1) preparadas em CaCl2 10 mmol L-1 e adicionadas 10 mL a amostras de 2 g de solo para
agitação. A dessorção foi avaliada pela construção das isotermas de dessorção a partir do
recolhimento do sobrenadante dos tubos dos ensaios de sorção, aos quais foram adicionadas 10
mL da solução CaCl2 10 mmol L-1 isenta de herbicida. Todos os experimentos foram realizados
em triplicatas, utilizando-se sistema de cromatografia líquida de ultra alta eficiência. Os solos
foram agrupados de acordo com a similaridade dos atributos físico-químicos em 4 grupos,
sendo G3˃G4˃G2˃G1 a ordem decrescente dos valores médios de sorção entre os grupos. Esta
sequência de sorção coincide com a de matéria orgânica, sendo este o principal componente do
solo responsável pela retenção do diuron. A sequência da dessorção foi contrária à de sorção,
em virtude da redução da matéria orgânica. O aumento da alcalinidade dos solos foi
proporcional à sorção do diuron, mesmo reduzindo parte da matéria orgânica. Este incremento
na sorção ocorreu por liberação de sítios de adsorção nos coloides ou por precipitação do diuron
com Ca+2 ou Mg+2. Conclui-se que a matéria orgânica é o principal atributo do solo que
influencia os processos de retenção do diuron no solo e que o aumento do pH do solo, com o
uso de calcário, aumentou a sorção devido à ocorrência da precipitação dos íons Ca2+ e Mg2+ com o herbicida.
REDUCING GREENHOUSE GAS (GHG) EMISSIONS THROUGH SOLAR CELL PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANNING AT AL-JIHAD ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL IN SURABAYA
Authors:   Environmental Engineering, Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya, Auvaria Shinfi Wazna , Agung Tri Sunan ,   Environmental Engineering, Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya, Ruwantari Ira Nur ,   Environmental Engineering, Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya, Karami Abdillah Akmal ,   Environmental Engineering, Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya
Published: January 2025

Currently, 80% of conventional energy is used to meet the needs of industry and the general public. Using new, renewable energy from the sun is an effort to mitigate climate change by reducing greenhouse gases (GHG). Al-Jihad Boarding School, an Islamic educational institution with around 1,200 students, is one of the biggest consumers of conventional energy. This study aims to plan photovoltaic solar cells, calculate the amount of power that can be generated, calculate the amount of GHG emission reduction from photovoltaic solar cells and the costs required for installation at Al-Jihad Islamic Boarding School. The planning results were analyzed by adjusting the selection of a 12 KVA inverter, 44 polycrystalline photovoltaic solar cells, and other complementary materials such as cables, MCBs and supports. The amount of power generated from photovoltaic solar cells at the Al-Jihad Islamic Boarding School in Surabaya is 12 kWh. Climate change mitigation efforts by reducing GHG emissions through solar cell photovoltaic planning at the Al-Jihad Islamic Boarding School in Surabaya can reduce CO2 greenhouse gases by 1,200.5 kg, NH4 30.013 kg, and N2O 0.019 kg. The cost required for the installation of photovoltaic solar cells is Rp. 209,850,400.
Dominasi Oligarki dan Praktik State Capture dalam Konflik Masyarakat Adat dengan PT Toba Pulp Lestari (TPL)
Authors: Hidayat Yayan
Published: January 2025

The conflict between Indigenous Peoples and P. Toba Pulp Lestari (PT TPL) has been going on for more than three decades and has not led to a resolution. The practice of state capture and oligarchy in PT TPL conflict with Indigenous Peoples dominates almost all conflicts. The political network and material power that PT TPL has with the Government have strengthened the company's existence. The aim of this research is to identify the relationship between the Oligarchy and the State in the conflict between Indigenous Peoples and PT TPL. This research uses qualitative methods with case studies to dissect complex and dynamic relationship patterns in this conflict. This research found that there had been bartering of the interests of the State and the Oligarchy in the TPL case. The diversity of material power they possess makes the oligarchy politically significant in 'controlling' state policy.
Spektrum Laplace Graf Mahkota dan Graf Benteng
Authors: Triyani Triyani , Oktriyansa Resa , Nurshiami Siti Rahma
Published: January 2025

Spektrum dari suatu graf adalah susunan nilai eigen dari matriks ketetanggaan graf beserta multiplisitasnya. Spektrum graf yang dihasilkan dari matriks Laplace disebut spektrum Laplace. Matriks Laplace dari graf diperoleh dari selisih matriks ketetangaan graf dengan matriks diagonal dimana elemen-elemen diagonal utamanya merupakan derajat simpul dari graf. Penelitian ini mengkaji bentuk spektrum Laplace dari graf Mahkota dan graf Benteng. Graf Mahkota adalah graf yang diperoleh dari komplemen hasil perkalian kartesian graf Lengkap K2 dan graf Lengkap Kn. Sementara itu graf Benteng Bnn adalah graf yang diperoleh dari hasil perkalian kartesian dua buah graf Lengkap Kn. Hasil penelitian telah diperoleh polinomial karakteristik dari matriks Laplace untuk graf Mahkota dengan n=3 dan graf Benteng Bnn dengan n=2. Lebih lanjut spektrum Laplace dari kedua graf juga telah diperoleh. The spectrum on a graph is a set of eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix along with their multiplicities. The spectrum of a Laplace matrix is called the Laplace spectrum. The Laplace matrix of a graph is obtained from the difference between a adjacency matrix and a diagonal matrix where the elemens of main diagonal are the vertices degree of the graph. This research studied the Laplace spectrum on the crown graph and the rook graph.  A crown graph is a graph obtained from the complement of the cartesian product of complete graph K2 and Kn. Meanwhile, rook graph is a graph obtained from the cartesian product of two complete graph Kn. The results of study are formula of the characteristic polynomial of Laplace matrix for the crown graph with n=3 and the rook graph with n=2. Furthermore, the Laplace spectrum of both graphs has also been obtained.