bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal Tryptophan Catabolites and Insulin Resistance Parameters in Preeclampsia
Authors: Jasim Zainab Abdulameer , Al-Hakeim Hussein Kadhem , Zolghadri Samaneh , Stanek Agata
Published: September 2023

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-related disorder characterized by high blood pressure and proteinuria in the third trimester. The disease is associated with many metabolic and biochemical changes. There is a need for new biomarkers for diagnosis and follow-up. The present study examined the diagnostic ability of tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs) and insulin resistance (IR) parameters in women with PE. This case-control study recruited sixty women with preeclampsia and 60 healthy pregnant women as a control group. Serum levels of TRYCATs (tryptophan, kynurenic acid, kynurenine, and 3-hydroxykynurenine) and IR parameters (insulin and glucose) were measured by ELISA and spectrophotometric methods. The results showed that PE women have a significantly lower tryptophan level than healthy pregnant women. However, there was a significant increase in kynurenic acid, kynurenic acid/kynurenine, kynurenine/tryptophan, and 3-hydroxykynurenine levels. PE women also have a state of IR. The correlation study indicated various correlations of IR and TRYCATs with clinical data and between each other, reflecting the role of these parameters in the pathophysiology of PE. The ROC study showed that the presence of IR state, reduced tryptophan, and increased 3-HK predicted PE disease in a suspected woman with moderate sensitivities and specificities. In conclusion, the pathophysiology of PE involves a state of IR and an alteration of the TRYCAT system. These changes should be taken into consideration when PE is diagnosed or treated.
Usefulness of Proguanylin, Pentraxin 3 and S100A12 Serum Concentrations in Diagnosis and Monitoring the Disease Activity in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Kałużna Aleksandra , Jura-Półtorak Agnieszka , Derkacz Alicja , Olczyk Krystyna , Komosinska-Vassev Katarzyna
Published: September 2023

The aim of our case-control study was to identify novel biomarkers of Crohn’s disease (CD) that hold the potential to be employed in both disease diagnosis and monitoring activity. In the context of the contribution of intestinal barrier integrity and immune response to the pathogenesis of CD, we assessed the serum concentrations of proguanylin (pro-GN), pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and S100A12 in 20 patients before and after anti-inflammatory treatment, as well as in 20 healthy individuals. Statistical analyses revealed a significant difference in the levels of pro-GN (5.5 vs. 11.35, p < 0.001), PTX3 (2117.9 vs. 1608.37, p < 0.05) and S100A12 (79.4 vs. 19.74, p < 0.001) between pretreatment patients with CD and healthy individuals. Moreover, we noted a significant relationship between the serum profile of PTX3 and disease activity, expressed as CDAI, both before (p < 0.005, r = 0.63) and after (p < 0.05, r = 0.60) treatment. A similar correlation was noted in the case of S100A12 (p < 0.005, r = 0.81), albeit exclusively within the post-treatment group of patients. Anti-inflammatory treatment resulted in an elevation of pro-GN concentration (5.5 vs. 8.04, p < 0.001) and a reduction in PTX3 level (2117.9 vs. 1609.5, p < 0.05) in the serum of patients with CD. In comparison to our previous research conducted on a group of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), those with CD exhibited reduced levels of PTX3 (2117.9 vs. 3197.05, p < 0.005) and elevated concentrations of S100A12 (79.4 vs. 39.36, p < 0.05). The results obtained from this investigation suggest that measurements of pro-GN, PTX3 and S100A12 could prove beneficial in the diagnosis of Crohn’s disease. Assessment of changes in the serum profile of PTX3 appears to be a good marker of response to treatment but also, along with analysis of S100A12 protein serum levels, a useful marker in differentiating CD from UC.
The Potential of Scopolamine as an Antidepressant in Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Moćko Paweł , Śladowska Katarzyna , Kawalec Paweł , Babii Yana , Pilc Andrzej
Published: September 2023

Major depressive disorder is one of the most severe mental disorders. It strongly impairs daily functioning, and, in extreme cases, it can lead to suicide. Although different treatment options are available for patients with depression, there is an ongoing search for novel therapeutic agents, such as scopolamine (also known as hyoscine), that would offer higher efficacy, a more rapid onset of action, and a more favorable safety profile. The aim of our study was to review the current clinical evidence regarding the use of scopolamine, a promising therapeutic option in the treatment of depression. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL databases up to 5 June 2023. We included randomized placebo-controlled or head-to-head clinical trials that compared the clinical efficacy and safety of scopolamine in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Two reviewers independently conducted the search and study selection and rated the risk of bias for each study. Four randomized controlled trials were identified in the systematic review. The included studies investigated the use of scopolamine administered as an oral, intramuscular, or intravenous drug, alone or in combination with other antidepressants. The results indicated that scopolamine exerts antidepressant effects of varying intensity. We show that not all studies confirmed a statistically and clinically significant reduction of depressive symptoms vs. placebo. A broader perspective on scopolamine use in antidepressant treatment should be confirmed in subsequent large randomized controlled trials assessing both effectiveness and safety. Therefore, studies directly comparing the effectiveness of scopolamine depending on the route of administration are required.
Electrical Characterization and Analysis of Single Cells and Related Applications
Authors: Zhu Weitao , Wang Jiaao , Luo Hongzhi , Luo Binwen , Li Xue , Liu Shan , Li Chenzhong
Published: September 2023

Biological parameters extracted from electrical signals from various body parts have been used for many years to analyze the human body and its behavior. In addition, electrical signals from cancer cell lines, normal cells, and viruses, among others, have been widely used for the detection of various diseases. Single-cell parameters such as cell and cytoplasmic conductivity, relaxation frequency, and membrane capacitance are important. There are many techniques available to characterize biomaterials, such as nanotechnology, microstrip cavity resonance measurement, etc. This article reviews single-cell isolation and sorting techniques, such as the micropipette separation method, separation and sorting system (dual electrophoretic array system), DEPArray sorting system (dielectrophoretic array system), cell selector sorting system, and microfluidic and valve devices, and discusses their respective advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, it summarizes common single-cell electrical manipulations, such as single-cell amperometry (SCA), electrical impedance sensing (EIS), impedance flow cytometry (IFC), cell-based electrical impedance (CEI), microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and integrated microelectrode array (IMA). The article also enumerates the application and significance of single-cell electrochemical analysis from the perspectives of CTC liquid biopsy, recombinant adenovirus, tumor cells like lung cancer DTCs (LC-DTCs), and single-cell metabolomics analysis. The paper concludes with a discussion of the current limitations faced by single-cell analysis techniques along with future directions and potential application scenarios.
Personality Profiles Associated with Long-Term Success in Bariatric Surgery: 24-Month Follow-Up
Authors: Montorio Ignacio , Izal María , Bellot Ana , Rodríguez Javier , de Iceta Mariano
Published: September 2023

(1) Background: Bariatric surgery (BS) is highly effective for treating severe obesity in the long term. However, studies investigating predictors and personality profiles linked to BS success yield inconsistent results due to varying methodologies and limited research. This paper aims to identify personality profiles associated with BS success. (2) Method: The study involved 67 patients undergoing bariatric surgery, evaluated through clinical and personality measures. Weight loss was monitored at 6, 12, and 24 months post-surgery. Hierarchical case cluster analysis and iterative k-means cluster analysis identified distinct groups based on excess body mass index loss (%EBL) at these intervals. ANOVA was employed to compare personality profiles between groups. (3) Results: Average weight loss after 24 months was 67.2%. Two success profiles emerged: 46.5% showed very good success, achieving 90% EBL in 24 months, while 55% in the second cluster had less than 40% EBL throughout follow-up. The successful profile correlated with greater self-efficacy and improved emotional adjustment. (4) Conclusions: Successful BS outcomes were linked to personality traits promoting sustained weight loss post-surgery.
Determining Hopelessness Levels and Related Factors in Veterinary Students
Authors: Yüksel Erhan , Yüksel Özlem
Published: September 2023

This study addresses the level of hopelessness experienced by last-year students at a faculty of veterinary medicine. Moreover, it identifies the factors behind this emotion. A face-to-face questionnaire was administered to 238 last-year students from 2017 to 2021. The questionnaire included questions about sociodemographic and other characteristics, along with the Beck Hopelessness Scale. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and chi-square tests. The findings suggested that nearly 60% of the respondents experienced hopelessness. The analysis also revealed a significant relation between hopelessness levels and variables such as year, gender, expected time of first employment, and psychological status. The results suggested that the current state of mental health is worrying for the veterinary faculty students and therefore for the future veterinarians. For this reason, it can be argued that steps to be taken towards a solution in the veterinary education periods are required.
Sustainability Implications of Utilizing Islamic Geometric Patterns in Contemporary Designs, a Systematic Analysis
Authors: Ibrahim Iman , Al Shomely Karima , Eltarabishi Fatma
Published: September 2023

Recently, scholars have embraced sustainability as a crucial concept deeply ingrained in architectural designs, particularly Islamic geometric patterns (IGP). These patterns hold significance in reflecting Islamic history, identity, and culture. This systematic review explores how scholars have integrated IGPs into modern design, considering the sustainability aspect. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) reporting checklist was used due to its organized structure as a guide to conduct this review (2012–2022). Data was collected through recognized databases (i.e., Scopus and ProQuest) that house a wide array of journals and publications. Selected journals were categorized based on sustainability pillars—environmental, economic, social, and cultural. In addition, case studies from the region are discussed, as studies didn’t explicitly explore the connection between sustainability and the use of Islamic geometric patterns in modern design. Findings indicate that papers predominantly discuss the positive effects on environmental and economic sustainability through IGP implementation. Conversely, social sustainability received comparatively less attention from scholars. Case studies showed that most building designs in the Middle East use IGP to conserve Islamic history and identity, especially in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This review sheds light on the potential of geometric patterns as a vehicle for sustainable design and contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable architecture.
Effects of the In-Plane Flexural Behavior Modeling Choices for Hollow Clay Masonry Brickwork with Horizontal Holes
Authors: Labò Simone , Cademartori Stefano , Marini Alessandra
Published: September 2023

Buildings with load-bearing structures made of hollow clay blocks with horizontal holes and cement-based mortar are quite common in Italy, yet the current design standards do not consider specific modeling issues to be addressed by practicing engineers. In the absence of peculiar specifications, the prescriptions given for ordinary masonry walls are thus commonly adopted. However, experimental tests proved that walls built with hollow brick masonry performed quite differently from ordinary masonry walls. Considering the in-plane flexural behavior under horizontal loads, unlike ordinary masonry walls that exhibit some ductility, this construction typology performs quite poorly, showing very little deformation capacity and ductility. In recent experimental campaigns, a brittle collapse mechanism was observed due to the toe crush, which entailed the inability of the wall to further withstand the vertical loads. In this paper, the effects of incorrect modeling choices on the characterization of the in-plane behavior of this construction typology and the consequences related to overestimating ductility are discussed; the effects of the reduced ductility on the reliability of the assessment of an existing building as well as on the conceptual design of possible structural retrofit measures are investigated. From the critical discussion, the need emerged to accurately model the in-plane flexural behavior and to update the code provisions to explicitly consider masonry walls with hollow clay bricks with horizontal holes.
Patient-Reported Outcomes among Multiple Myeloma Patients Treated with Standard of Care Idecabtagene Vicleucel
Authors: Oswald Laura B. , Gudenkauf Lisa M. , Li Xiaoyin , De Avila Gabriel , Peres Lauren C. , Kirtane Kedar , Gonzalez Brian D. , Hoogland Aasha I. , Nguyen Oanh , Rodriguez Yvelise , Baz Rachid C. , Shain Kenneth H. , Alsina Melissa , Locke Frederick L. , Freeman Ciara , Castaneda Puglianini Omar , Nishihori Taiga , Liu Hien , Blue Brandon , Grajales-Cruz Ariel , Jim Heather S. L. , Hansen Doris K.
Published: September 2023

Idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel) was the first FDA-approved chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) patients. This was the first study to evaluate patient-reported outcomes (PROs) among RRMM patients receiving ide-cel in standard of care (SOC). We prospectively assessed health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and symptoms from pre-infusion (baseline) through day (D)90 post-infusion. Baseline PRO associations with patient characteristics, mean PRO changes, and time to stable change were evaluated with t-tests, linear mixed-effects models, and Kaplan–Meier analyses, respectively. Within-person change scores and minimally important difference thresholds determined clinical and meaningful significance. Participants (n = 42) were a median of 66 years old (range: 43–81). At baseline, extramedullary disease was associated with worse physical well-being (p = 0.008), global pain (p < 0.001), performance status (p = 0.002), and overall symptom burden (p < 0.001). Fatigue (p < 0.001) and functional well-being (p = 0.003) worsened by D7 before returning to baseline levels. Overall HRQOL (p = 0.008) and physical well-being (p < 0.001) improved by D60. Most participants reported PRO improvement (10–57%) or maintenance (23–69%) by D90. The median time it took to stabile deterioration in functional well-being was 14 days. The median time it took to stabile improvement in physical and emotional well-being was 60 days. Overall, RRMM patients reported improvements or maintenance of HRQOL and symptom burden after SOC ide-cel.
Exosomes: Emerging Modulators of Pancreatic Cancer Drug Resistance
Authors: Di Donato Marzia , Medici Nicola , Migliaccio Antimo , Castoria Gabriella , Giovannelli Pia
Published: September 2023

Pancreatic cancer (PaC) is one of the most lethal tumors worldwide, difficult to diagnose, and with inadequate therapeutical chances. The most used therapy is gemcitabine, alone or in combination with nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel), and the multidrug FOLFIRINOX. Unfortunately, PaC develops resistance early, thus reducing the already poor life expectancy of patients. The mechanisms responsible for drug resistance are not fully elucidated, and exosomes seem to be actively involved in this phenomenon, thanks to their ability to transfer molecules regulating this process from drug-resistant to drug-sensitive PaC cells. These extracellular vesicles are released by both normal and cancer cells and seem to be essential mediators of intercellular communications, especially in cancer, where they are secreted at very high numbers. This review illustrates the role of exosomes in PaC drug resistance. This manuscript first provides an overview of the pharmacological approaches used in PaC and, in the last part, focuses on the mechanisms exploited by the exosomes released by cancer cells to induce drug resistance.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Locoregional Treatments for Solid Pancreatic Neoplasms
Authors: Di Gialleonardo Luca , Tripodi Giulia , Rizzatti Gianenrico , Ainora Maria Elena , Spada Cristiano , Larghi Alberto , Gasbarrini Antonio , Zocco Maria Assunta
Published: September 2023

Solid pancreatic neoplasms are one of the most diagnosed gastrointestinal malignancies thanks to the current and progressive advances in radiologic methods. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided techniques have over time gained a prominent role in the differential diagnosis and characterization of these pancreatic lesions, including pancreatic cancer, neuroendocrine tumors, and metastases. Recently, several endoscopic ultrasound-guided locoregional treatment techniques, which are divided into thermal ablative techniques and non-thermal injection techniques, have been developed and applied in different settings for the treatment of solid pancreatic neoplasms. The most common ablative techniques are radiofrequency, microwave, laser, photodynamic therapy and hybrid techniques such as hybrid cryothermal ablation. The most common injection techniques are ethanol injection, immunotherapy and brachytherapy. In this review, we update evidence about the efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided locoregional treatments for solid pancreatic neoplasms.
Understanding the Perceived Relationship between Sun Exposure and Melanoma in Atlantic Canada: A Consensual Qualitative Study Highlighting a “Sunscreen Paradox”
Authors: Alli Sauliha , LeBeau Jonathan , Hasbani Agustina , Lagacé François , Litvinov Ivan V. , Peláez Sandra
Published: September 2023

Globally, cutaneous melanoma (CM) incidence is increasing, with sun exposure identified as a key modifiable risk factor. The Atlantic provinces of Canada display varied CM incidence rates: New Brunswick aligns with the national average, while Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island exceed it, and Newfoundland and Labrador fall below this benchmark. We investigated the relationship between sun exposure and CM in these provinces. Twenty-two focus groups encompassing 95 Atlantic Canada residents were conducted and transcribed. A thematic analysis was conducted in MAXQDA using the social–ecological model as a framework. Residents of high-CM incidence provinces demonstrated greater sun exposure awareness, consulting UV indices, and using sunscreen and sun-protective clothing. However, they received greater UV exposure due to warmer climates and outdoor work and cultural activities. Conversely, those in low-incidence provinces used sunscreen and sun-protective clothing less often, engaged in occupations and hobbies affording less sun exposure, and lived in cooler climates. Our data supports a possible “sunscreen paradox”, whereby increased sunscreen use is correlated with augmented sun exposure, leading to a deceptive sense of security. Public health initiatives in Atlantic Canada promoting sun safety must address this paradox while integrating community-specific behaviors and norms in order to develop tailored campaigns.
Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Novel Candidate Variants Associated with Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
Authors: Nishizawa Daisuke , Morino Ryozo , Inoue Rie , Ohka Seii , Kasai Shinya , Hasegawa Junko , Ebata Yuko , Nakayama Kyoko , Sumikura Hiroyuki , Hayashida Masakazu , Yokota Miyuki , Ikeda Kazutaka
Published: September 2023

Considerable individual differences are widely observed in the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify potential candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that contribute to PONV by utilizing whole-genome genotyping arrays with more than 950,000 markers. The subjects were 806 patients who provided written informed consent and underwent elective surgery under general anesthesia with propofol or desflurane. The GWAS showed that two SNPs, rs2776262 and rs140703637, in the LOC100506403 and CNTN5 gene regions, respectively, were significantly associated with the frequency of nausea. In another GWAS conducted only on patients who received propofol, rs7212072 and rs12444143 SNPs in the SHISA6 and RBFOX1 gene regions, respectively, were significantly associated with the frequency of nausea as well as the rs2776262 SNP, and the rs45574836 and rs1752136 SNPs in the ATP8B3 and LOC105370198 gene regions, respectively, were significantly associated with vomiting. Among these SNPs, clinical and SNP data were available for the rs45574836 SNP in independent subjects who underwent laparoscopic gynecological surgery, and the association was replicated in these subjects. These results indicate that these SNPs could serve as markers that predict the vulnerability to PONV. Our findings may provide valuable information for achieving satisfactory prophylactic treatment for PONV.
Exploring a Novel Technique to Tackle the Shortage of Devices for Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy: Early Results of an Alternate Approach for Percutaneous Arterial Port Catheter Placement
Authors: Kedra Alice , Boeken Tom , Di Gaeta Alessandro , Querub Charles , Al Ahmar Marc , Déan Carole , Sapoval Marc , Pellerin Olivier
Published: September 2023

Dedicated catheters for hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy were removed from the market. The purpose of this study was to assess the results of a novel approach to overcome the shortage of dedicated catheters for hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy in the treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastases. We retrospectively included patients who underwent a percutaneous placement of a hepatic intra-arterial port catheter in a single tertiary center from February 2021 to June 2022. We examined the patient baseline characteristics, technical features of the modified procedures, technical success rates, complications and oncological outcomes. Fourteen patients (median age: 60 years; q1 = 54; q3 = 70; range: 53–81 years) underwent 15 modified procedures. The main modification of our placement technique consisted of the use of an indwelling 5-Fr Vertebral catheter, on the tip of which we created a two-sided additional lateral hole. The catheter was connected to a pediatric port. The primary success rate was 100%, and the secondary success rate was 93.3%. There were two late major complications, graded IIIa according to the Clavien–Dindo classification. The median liver progression free survival was 6.1 months (q1 = 2.5; q3 = 7.2; range: 1.3–11.6). Our experience suggests that the derived utilization of the devices used routinely in interventional radiology provides an effective solution that can compensate for the shortage of dedicated devices.
Clinical Characteristics, Response to Platinum-Based Chemotherapy and Poly (Adenosine Phosphate-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors in Advanced Lung Cancer Patients Harboring BRCA Mutations
Authors: Arnon Johnathan , Tabi Michael , Rottenberg Yakir , Zick Aviad , Blumenfeld Philip , Hamburger Tamar , Pikarsky Eli , Avraham Eti , Levine Leeby , Popovtzer Aron , Yablonski-Peretz Tamar , Kadouri Luna , Nechushtan Hovav
Published: September 2023

The oncogenic role and clinical relevance of BRCA mutations in NSCLC remain unclear. We aim to evaluate the characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with NSCLC harboring BRCA mutations treated at Hadassah Medical Center (HMC). We retrospectively assessed all patients with advanced NSCLC who underwent next-generation sequencing (NGS) and were found to have pathogenic somatic BRCA mutations (p-BRCA). We compared clinical outcomes in NSCLC patients with wild-type BRCA (wt-BRCA) matched by age, stage, gender, smoking, PDL-1 and driver mutations. Between 2015 and 2022, we evaluated 598 patients with advanced NSCLC using NGS and found 26 patients with p-BRCA, of whom 17 (65.4%) were carriers of germline BRCA variants and represented 1% of all BRCA carriers HMC. The median age of diagnosis was 67 years old (40–78), 13 patients (50%) had a history of smoking and 9 patients (34.6%) had additional driver mutations (EGFR, ALK, BRAF, MET or ERBB2). Objective response rate and median progression-free survival (PFS) for first-line platinum-based chemotherapy in the p-BRCA group compared to wt-BRCA controls were 72.2% and 16 months (CI 95%, 5–22), compared to 47.4% and 7 months (CI 95%, 5–9), respectively, and HR for PFS was 0.41 (CI 95%, 0.17–0.97). Six patients in the p-BRCA group were treated with advanced-line poly (adenosine-phosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), with a durable response observed in four patients (66%). In this cohort, patients with NSCLC harboring p-BRCA exhibit high-sensitivity PARPi and a prolonged response to platinum, suggesting some oncogenic role for BRCA mutations in NSCLC. The results support further prospective trials of the treatment of NSCLC harboring p-BRCA with PARPi.
The Truth Is Out There: Biological Features and Clinical Indications of Extracellular Vesicles from Human Perinatal Stem Cells
Authors: Russo Eleonora , Alberti Giusi , Corrao Simona , Borlongan Cesar V. , Miceli Vitale , Conaldi Pier Giulio , Di Gaudio Francesca , La Rocca Giampiero
Published: September 2023

The potential of perinatal tissues to provide cellular populations to be used in different applications of regenerative medicine is well established. Recently, the efforts of researchers are being addressed regarding the evaluation of cell products (secreted molecules or extracellular vesicles, EVs) to be used as an alternative to cellular infusion. The data regarding the effective recapitulation of most perinatal cells’ properties by their secreted complement point in this direction. EVs secreted from perinatal cells exhibit key therapeutic effects such as tissue repair and regeneration, the suppression of inflammatory responses, immune system modulation, and a variety of other functions. Although the properties of EVs from perinatal derivatives and their significant potential for therapeutic success are amply recognized, several challenges still remain that need to be addressed. In the present review, we provide an up-to-date analysis of the most recent results in the field, which can be addressed in future research in order to overcome the challenges that are still present in the characterization and utilization of the secreted complement of perinatal cells and, in particular, mesenchymal stromal cells.
Could an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Be Tissue-Engineered from Silk?
Authors: Hahn Judith , Gögele Clemens , Schulze-Tanzil Gundula
Published: September 2023

Silk has a long history as an exclusive textile, but also as a suture thread in medicine; nowadays, diverse cell carriers are manufactured from silk. Its advantages are manifold, including high biocompatibility, biomechanical strength and processability (approved for nearly all manufacturing techniques). Silk’s limitations, such as scarcity and batch to batch variations, are overcome by gene technology, which allows for the upscaled production of recombinant “designed” silk proteins. For processing thin fibroin filaments, the sericin component is generally removed (degumming). In contrast to many synthetic biomaterials, fibroin allows for superior cell adherence and growth. In addition, silk grafts demonstrate superior mechanical performance and long-term stability, making them attractive for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tissue engineering. Looking at these promising properties, this review focusses on the responses of cell types to silk variants, as well as their biomechanical properties, which are relevant for ACL tissue engineering. Meanwhile, sericin has also attracted increasing interest and has been proposed as a bioactive biomaterial with antimicrobial properties. But so far, fibroin was exclusively used for experimental ACL tissue engineering approaches, and fibroin from spider silk also seems not to have been applied. To improve the bone integration of ACL grafts, silk scaffolds with osteogenic functionalization, silk-based tunnel fillers and interference screws have been developed. Nevertheless, signaling pathways stimulated by silk components remain barely elucidated, but need to be considered during the development of optimized silk cell carriers for ACL tissue engineering.
The Role of Sphingolipids and Sphingosine-1-phosphate—Sphingosine-1-phosphate-receptor Signaling in Psoriasis
Authors: Masuda-Kuroki Kana , Alimohammadi Shahrzad , Di Nardo Anna
Published: September 2023

Psoriasis is a long-lasting skin condition characterized by redness and thick silver scales on the skin’s surface. It involves various skin cells, including keratinocytes, dendritic cells, T lymphocytes, and neutrophils. The treatments for psoriasis range from topical to systemic therapies, but they only alleviate the symptoms and do not provide a fundamental cure. Moreover, systemic treatments have the disadvantage of suppressing the entire body’s immune system. Therefore, a new treatment strategy with minimal impact on the immune system is required. Recent studies have shown that sphingolipid metabolites, particularly ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), play a significant role in psoriasis. Specific S1P–S1P-receptor (S1PR) signaling pathways have been identified as crucial to psoriasis inflammation. Based on these findings, S1PR modulators have been investigated and have been found to improve psoriasis inflammation. This review will discuss the metabolic pathways of sphingolipids, the individual functions of these metabolites, and their potential as a new therapeutic approach to psoriasis.
An Efficient and Cost-Effective Approach to Generate Functional Human Inducible Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Astrocytes
Authors: Gonzalez Hemil , Narasipura Srinivas D. , Shull Tanner , Shetty Amogh , Teppen Tara L. , Naqib Ankur , Al-Harthi Lena
Published: September 2023

Human inducible pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived astrocytes (iAs) are critical to study astrocytes in health and disease. They provide several advantages over human fetal astrocytes in research, which include consistency, availability, disease modeling, customization, and ethical considerations. The generation of iAs is hampered by the requirement of Matrigel matrix coating for survival and proliferation. We provide a protocol demonstrating that human iAs cultured in the absence of Matrigel are viable and proliferative. Further, through a side-by-side comparison of cultures with and without Matrigel, we show significant similarities in astrocyte-specific profiling, including morphology (shape and structure), phenotype (cell-specific markers), genotype (transcriptional expression), metabolic (respiration), and functional aspects (glutamate uptake and cytokine response). In addition, we report that, unlike other CNS cell types, such as neuronal progenitor cells and neurons, iAs can withstand the absence of Matrigel coating. Our study demonstrates that Matrigel is dispensable for the culture of human iPSC-derived astrocytes, facilitating an easy, streamlined, and cost-effective method of generating these cells.
Mechanical Properties and Nanomotion of BT-20 and ZR-75 Breast Cancer Cells Studied by Atomic Force Microscopy and Optical Nanomotion Detection Method
Authors: Starodubtseva Maria N. , Shkliarava Nastassia M. , Chelnokova Irina A. , Villalba María I. , Krylov Andrei Yu. , Nadyrov Eldar A. , Kasas Sandor
Published: September 2023

Cells of two molecular genetic types of breast cancer—hormone-dependent breast cancer (ZR-75 cell line) and triple-negative breast cancer (BT-20 cell line)—were studied using atomic force microscopy and an optical nanomotion detection method. Using the Peak Force QNM and Force Volume AFM modes, we revealed the unique patterns of the dependence of Young’s modulus on the indentation depth for two cancer cell lines that correlate with the features of the spatial organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Within a 200–300 nm layer just under the cell membrane, BT-20 cells are stiffer than ZR-75 cells, whereas in deeper cell regions, Young’s modulus of ZR-75 cells exceeds that of BT-20 cells. Two cancer cell lines also displayed a difference in cell nanomotion dynamics upon exposure to cytochalasin D, a potent actin polymerization inhibitor. The drug strongly modified the nanomotion pattern of BT-20 cells, whereas it had almost no effect on the ZR-75 cells. We are confident that nanomotion monitoring and measurement of the stiffness of cancer cells at various indentation depths deserve further studies to obtain effective predictive parameters for use in clinical practice.
Prematurity and Low Birth Weight and Their Impact on Childhood Growth Patterns and the Risk of Long-Term Cardiovascular Sequelae
Authors: Jańczewska Iwona , Wierzba Jolanta , Jańczewska Alicja , Szczurek-Gierczak Małgorzata , Domżalska-Popadiuk Iwona
Published: September 2023

Preterm birth (before 37 completed weeks of gestation) is a global health problem, remaining the main reason for neonatal mortality and morbidity. Improvements in perinatal and neonatal care in recent decades have been associated with a higher survival rate of extremely preterm infants, leading to a higher risk of long-term sequelae in this population throughout life. Numerous surveillance programs for formerly premature infants continue to focus on neurodevelopmental disorders, while long-term assessment of the impact of preterm birth and low birth weight on child growth and the associated risk of cardiovascular disease in young adults is equally necessary. This review will discuss the influence of prematurity and low birth weight on childhood growth and cardiovascular risk in children, adolescents and young adults. The risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders is increased in adult preterm survivors. In early childhood, preterm infants may show elevated blood pressure, weakened vascular growth, augmented peripheral vascular resistance and cardiomyocyte remodeling. Increased weight gain during the early postnatal period may influence later body composition, promote obesity and impair cardiovascular results. These adverse metabolic alterations contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular incidents, adult hypertension and diabetes. Preterm-born children and those with fetal growth restriction (FGR) who demonstrate rapid changes in their weight percentile should remain under surveillance with blood pressure monitoring. A better understanding of lifelong health outcomes of preterm-born individuals is crucial for developing strategies to prevent cardiovascular sequelae and may be the basis for future research to provide effective interventions.
Severe Lactic Acidosis Caused by Thiamine Deficiency in a Child with Relapsing Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Case Report
Authors: Baldo Francesco , Drago Enrico , Nisticò Daniela , Buratti Silvia , Calvillo Michaela , Micalizzi Concetta , Schiaffino Maria Cristina , Maghnie Mohamad
Published: September 2023

Lactic acidosis is characterized by an excessive production of lactic acid or by its impaired clearance. Thiamine deficiency is an uncommon cause of lactic acidosis, especially in countries where malnutrition is rare. We describe the case of a 5-year-old boy who presented with a central nervous system relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. During the chemotherapy regimen, the patient developed drug-induced pancreatitis with paralytic ileus requiring prolonged glucosaline solution infusion. In the following days, severe lactic acidosis (pH 7.0, lactates 253 mg/dL, HCO3- 8 mmol/L) was detected, associated with hypoglycemia (42 mg/dL) and laboratory signs of acute liver injury. Due to the persistent hypoglycemia, the dextrose infusion was gradually increased. Lactates, however, continued to raise, so continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration was started. While lactates initially decreased, 12 h after CVVHDF suspension, they started to raise again. Assuming that it could have been caused by mitochondrial dysfunction due to vitamin deficiency after prolonged fasting and feeding difficulties, parenteral nutrition and thiamine were administered, resulting in a progressive reduction in lactates, with the normalization of pH during the next few hours. In the presence of acute and progressive lactic acidosis in a long-term hospitalized patient, thiamine deficiency should be carefully considered and managed as early as possible.
Oxidation Behavior at 1000 °C of Low-Mn High-Cr Cantor’s HEA-Based Alloys Strengthened or Not by MC Carbides
Authors: Spaeter Pauline , Gay Corentin , Chenikha Nassima , Medjahdi Ghouti , Vernière Anne , Rapin Christophe , Aranda Lionel , Berthod Patrice
Published: September 2023

A conventionally cast CoNiFeMn0.5Cr1.5 alloy and two versions with 0.25 C & 3.7 Ta or 0.25 C & 3.7 Hf were tested in oxidation at 1000 °C for 50 h with thermogravimetric recording of the oxidation kinetic. In all cases, the obtained mass gain curve is parabolic. The parabolic constants are much lower than the Kp previously determined for the original alloys with an equimolar base (CoNiFeMnCr). However, the post-mortem exploitation of the oxidized samples revealed analogous oxidation features on the surface and the subsurface, also with external oxide strata on the surface with different Mn and Cr contents, and rather great Mn depletion, in addition to a moderate Cr depletion, in the subsurface. Globally, the oxidation behavior is significantly better than was earlier observed for the equimolar version of these alloys.
Drug Release and Biocompatibility of a Paclitaxel-Coated Balloon Prepared Using the Electrostatic Spray Method
Authors: Yang Xi , Liu Hengquan , He Junxi , Hu Qiong , Pan Changjiang , Wang Dongfang , Li Junfeng , Liu Chunhai , Huang Ming , Xiang Qian , Liu Ren
Published: September 2023

Paclitaxel-coated balloons (PCBs) have become effective treatment options for vascular disease, but long-term drug release and biocompatibility are influenced by the drug patterns. In this work, paclitaxel coatings were prepared via electrostatic spraying, and the effect of D-tartaric acid additives was investigated. Microstructures and surface morphology were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Drug release was measured in vitro, and biocompatibility was evaluated using the haemolysis rate, platelet adhesion and activation, protein adsorption, cell adhesion, and cell proliferation. Our results showed that a uniform crystalline paclitaxel drug coating was obtained, and that the pattern and release of paclitaxel was influenced by the content of D-tartrate. The contact angle of all coatings was less than that of nylon 12. The drug coatings prepared at a mass ratio of paclitaxel to D-tartaric acid of 2:1 had the highest drug release in a brief period of time. The haemolysis rate of the drug coating was less than 5%. Compared with the control samples, platelet adhesion and activation were significantly reduced, albumin adsorption was increased, and the adsorption of fibrinogen was reduced on the surface of the drug coating. Endothelial cells demonstrated good proliferation after three days of cell culture. Therefore, PCBs with specific patterns have good biocompatibility and drug release, with potential clinical applications in vascular disease.
Improving the Protection Performance of Waterborne Coatings with a Corrosion Inhibitor Encapsulated in Polyaniline-Modified Halloysite Nanotubes
Authors: Liu Xin , Gao Zhiyue , Wang Die , Yu Fengjie , Du Baoshuai , Gitsov Ivan
Published: September 2023

Organic coatings provide an effective way to improve the corrosion resistance of metals. Traditional organic varnishes, however, either contain highly polluting or toxic components or lack self-healing ability. In this article, we report a feasible method of preparing polyaniline-modified halloysite nanotubes (PANI@HNTs). They were loaded with a corrosion inhibitor, benzotriazole (BTA), and were tested as multifunctional anticorrosion additives for environmentally friendly epoxy waterborne coatings. The PANI@HNTs were formed via the in situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of halloysites. The BTA loading was then carried out and reached up to 14.5 wt.%. The BTA retention ability of the PANI@HNTs was significantly improved in comparison to that of pure HNT. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests of the coatings immersed in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution showed that the barrier and corrosion inhibition effects were enhanced by two to four orders of magnitude with the incorporation of BTA-loaded PANI@HNTs. The salt spray tests on artificially scratched coatings revealed that the surfaces protected by varnishes doped with the BTA-loaded PANI@HNTs exhibited the lowest degree of corrosion compared to the control samples, illustrating the self-healing potential of the modified coatings.
Effect of Anthocyanins on Colorimetric Indicator Film Properties
Authors: Chen Lin , Wang Wenli , Wang Wei , Zhang Jiamin
Published: September 2023

Nowadays, intelligent packaging has become very popular. It can quickly detect problems that arise during food production or circulation by monitoring the quality and safety of food. Anthocyanins have attracted widespread attention as a material for manufacturing smart food packaging, as they are sensitive to changes in pH, and small changes in pH can cause changes in the color of anthocyanins. The incorporation of anthocyanins often causes different changes in the properties of the films. The effects of anthocyanins on different properties of the films, including barrier, stability, mechanical properties, antioxidant, antibacterial and pH-sensitive were reviewed. We suggest that anthocyanins have the potential to extend the shelf life and monitor the food’s freshness and quality in intelligent packaging.
Effect of Vacancy Defects and Hydroxyl on the Adsorption of Glycine on Mg(0001): A First-Principles Study
Authors: Fang Zhe , Wei Wutao , Qiao Huijie , Liang Erjun , Jia Yu , Guan Shaokang
Published: September 2023

Glycine (Gly), as one of the fundamental components of biomolecules, plays a crucial role in functional biomolecular coatings. The presence of structural defects and hydroxyl-containing functional groups in magnesium (Mg) materials, which are commonly used as biomedical materials, significantly affects their biocompatibility and corrosion resistance performance. This study computationally investigates the influence of vacancy defects and hydroxyl groups on the adsorption behavior of Gly on Mg(0001) surfaces. All potential adsorption configurations are considered through first-principles calculations. The findings indicate that stronger chemisorption occurs when Gly is positioned at the edge of the groove, where the surface has a vacancy defect concentration of 1/3. Among the four adsorption locations, the fcc-hollow site is determined to be the most favorable adsorption site for hydroxyl. The adsorption energy of Gly on the Mg(0001) surface containing the hydroxyl (−1.11 eV) is 0.05 eV more than that of on the Mg(0001) surface (−1.16 eV). The adsorption energies, electronic properties, charge transfer, and stable configurations are calculated to evaluate the interaction mechanism between Gly and defective surfaces. Calculated results provide a comprehensive understanding of the interaction mechanism of biomolecules on defective Mg surfaces and also indicate the directions for future experimental research.
Two-Dimensional Metal–Organic Framework TM Catalysts for Electrocatalytic N2 and CO2 Reduction: A Density Functional Theory Investigation
Authors: She Anqi , Wang Ming , Li Shuang , Dong Yanhua , Wang Dandan
Published: September 2023

In this study, we screened novel two-dimensional metal–organic framework (MOF) materials, which can be used as efficient electrocatalysts in the N2 reduction reaction (NRR) and CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. By systematically investigating the adsorption behaviors of N2 and CO2 in different MOF-TMs (TM = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) and their electrocatalytic hydrogenation processes, we found that 2D MOF-Fe, MOF-Co, and MOF-Ni can be used as catalysts for electrocatalytic NRR. The free energy increase in the corresponding potential-limiting step is calculated to be 0.84 eV on MOF-Fe, 1.00 eV on MOF-Co, and 1.17 eV on MOF-Ni, all of which are less than or at least comparable to those reported values for the NRR. Moreover, only 2D MOF-Fe was identified as a suitable electrocatalyst for CO2RR. Instead of other hydrocarbons, the product CH3OH is selectively obtained in an electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction on a 2D MOF-Fe with a free energy increase of 0.84 eV in the potential-limiting step. Overall, the results of this study not only facilitate the potential application of 2D MOF-TMs as electrocatalysts but also provide new guidelines for rationally designing novel electrocatalysts for the NRR and CO2RR.
Two Approaches to Triple Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome and Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation Treated with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Which Is More Efficient and Safer?
Authors: Bachorski Witold , Bychowski Jakub , Gruchała Marcin , Jaguszewski Miłosz
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and atrial fibrillation (AF) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are at high risk of bleeding and thromboembolic events. Thus, optimal treatment strategies in this challenging subset have been controversial. Herein, we aim to investigate different triple antithrombotic treatment (TAT) strategies in patients with ACS and AF after PCI. Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center study based on all consecutive patients with the diagnosis of ACS and AF treated with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) or non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC) plus dual antiplatelet therapy using a P2Y12 inhibitor (clopidogrel) and aspirin (for 1 to 3 months) and observed for 12 months for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding incidents. Results: MACE occurred in 26.6% of patients treated with the VKA and 30.9% with NOAC (p = 0.659). Bleeding occurred in 7.8% of patients treated with VKA and 7.4% with NOAC (ns). Conclusions: Among patients with ACS and AF who had undergone PCI, there was no significant difference in the risk of bleeding and ischemic events among those who received TAT with NOAC and VKA.