bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orasi Politik Joko Widodo dan Prabowo Soebianto dalam Pilpres 2019
Authors: Wardani Surti
Published: October 2019

Orasi politik (pidato) merupakan momen bagi seorang kandidat untuk bisa memperlihatkan kualitasnya baik sebagai pribadi (ramah, hangat, optimis, dan lain sebagainya), pemikir (lewat berbagai ide serta inovasi yang ditawarkan), maupun sebagai manager (kecakapan mengelola pemerintahan jika kelak terpilih sebagai presiden). Asumsi yang dibangun dalam penelitian ini adalah tidak maksimalnya pemanfaatan orasi politik (pidato) sebagai saluran komunikasi politik antara sang kandidat dengan konstituennya. Seharusnya, orasi politik bisa menjadi momentum antara kandidat dan pendukungnya untuk menyelesaikan ragam persoalan bangsa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis orasi politik kedua calon presiden pada Pemilihan Presiden 2019. Pendekatan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan lewat studi literatur. Teknik analisis isi yang digunakan dilakukan terhadap berbagai dokumen, yang meliputi dokumentasi debat kandidat, berita pada portal media online serta orasi politik kedua kandidat pada Pemilihan Presiden 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) orasi politik yang disampaikan oleh Prabowo dan Jokowi cenderung menggeneralisir permasalahan hingga menimbulkan kontroversi; (2) strategi yang digunakan kedua kandidat politik ialah legitimasi dan delegitimasi; (3) kedua kandidat bisa memperlihatkan wajah “positif” dan “negatif” yang menjadi unsur penyeimbang sehingga konflik sosial tak mudah meletup di tengah masyarakat.Kata Kunci: Orasi politik, legitimasi, delegitimasi, Pilpres 2019 ABSTRACTPolitical oration (speech) is a good moment for candidate to be able to show his quality both as a person (friendly, warm, optimistic, etc.), thinker (through various ideas and innovations offered), and as a manager (ability to manage government if one is elected as president). The assumption built in this research is that the use of political speeches (speeches) is not optimal as a channel of political communication between the candidate and his constituents. Supposedly, political speeches can be a momentum between candidates and supporters to solve various national problems. This research aims to analyze the political speeches of the two presidential candidates in the 2019 Presidential Election. This research use desciptive qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out through literature studies. The content analysis technique used was performed on various documents, which included documentation of candidate debate, news on online media portal and political speeches of both candidates in the 2019 Presidential Election. The results showed that (1) political speeches delivered by Prabowo and Jokowi tended to generalize the problem and causing controversy; (2) the strategies used by the two political candidates are legitimacy and delegitimation; (3) both candidates can show a “positive” and “negative” face which is a balancing element so as to reduce social conflict.Keywords: political oration, legitimation, delegitimation, Presidential Election
الصياغات الصياغات البصرية للصورة في تصاميم اغلفة المجلات المعاصرة
Authors: طالب رؤى محمدعلي
Published: October 2019

تناولت هذه الدراسة الصورة على إنها تعبير جمالي فاعل ، يمكن أن توثق الأحداث و اللحظات . حيث تعد الصورة أحد العناصر التيبوغرافية التي استخدمت في تصميم اغلفة المجلات بالاشتراك مع بقية العناصر الأخرى ، فضلا" عن قيمتها الجمالية  . و برزت اهميتها بعد دخول التكنولوجيا الرقمية باعتبارها اداة يستطيع المصمم من خلالها التعامل مع الاشكال المختلفة و بطرق عديدة . ولقد أصبح التصوير في عالمنا بنفس أهمية الكلمة المكتوبة ، كما ساهم التنوع في العلاقات البنائية إضافة الى التنوع التقني في إظهار الصورة الفنية بطاقتها الكامنة من خلال الزمكان داخل التصميم . إن من مهمات التقنية هي تحقيق ظهور نوعي متميز للمنجز التصميمي ، فالزمان حاضر في تصميم غلاف المجلة معتمدا" على تنوع الصور من حيث اللون، والشكل، والملمس وغيرها. واشتمل البحث أربع فصول اختص الفصل الاول على مشكلة البحث من خلال التساؤل الآتي :

ما الصياغات البصرية للصورة في تصاميم أغلفة المجلات المعاصرة ؟   

     و كان هدف البحث الحالي التعرًف على الصياغات البصرية للصورة في تصاميم اغلفة المجلات المعاصرة، وحدد بحدود مكانية تمثلت بثلاث دول (أمريكا – فرنسا – الهند) ، و حدود زمانية ما بين الاعوام (2000- 2014) . وتم تحديد اهم المصطلحات الواردة و هي (الصياغة –الصورة- أغلفة المجلات) . بينما تناول الفصل الثاني الاطار النظري إذ تألف من مبحثين . كان المبحث الاول متخصصاً في فاعلية الصورة في التصميم الطباعي المعاصر ، ولقد إختص المبحث الثاني بدراسة الصورة في تصاميم اغلفة المجلات . أما الفصل الثالث فقد تضمن إجراءات البحث من تحديد المجتمع الذي انتقت منه العينات حيث بلغت (4) مجلات ، بواقع نموذجين لكل مجلة  و تم إختيار عينة البحث وفقاً للمسوغات الآتية: انها تغطي الحدود الزمانية للدراسة بصورة واضحة .و وجود تنوع واضح لأغلفة المجلات بين المجلات الفنية و السياسية. و قد أخذت الباحثة بآراء بعض ذوي الخبرة و الإختصاص.أما الفصل الرابع فقد تضمن النتائج التي توصلت اليها هذه الدراسة و منها :

تنطوي الصياغات البصرية للصورة في تصاميم نماذج عينة البحث على فاعلية الفكرة و حضور الأثر الدلالي ، ضمن سياق الطابع الإستهلاكي للتصميم المعاصر.

تتصل الصياغات البصرية للصورة بالمفردات التصميمية التي تحاكي المحيط الاجتماعي ، إستناداً الى بواعث التعبير الخاص بآليات البناء التصميمي لأغلفة المجلات.
دلالات لفظة شيء في السياق القرآنيّ البقرة وآل عمران أنموذجاً
Authors: جادر حسن كزار
Published: October 2019

يتقصّد هذا البحث كلمة من كلمات لغتنا الكريمة ليسلط الضوء عليها وهي كلمة (شيء)، قد توسعت دلالتها لتدلّ على كلّ شيءٍ، وهي تدور وتجري على الألسن، لها حرية وإرادة في معجم كلّ متكلم  دون النظر في مقدار معرفته، ولذا فإنّ هذا البحث ينشغل بالوصول إلى أصل معناها في المعجمات العربية، والاطلاع على دلالاتها في القرآن الكريم، عبر تتبع التوظيف القرآنيّ لها بالاستعانة بالدلالة السياقيّة للنصّ المقدّس، وقد جاء البحث في ثلاث مطالب، الأوّل يُنظّر للدلالة السياقيّة واتجاهاتها، والثاني يبحث عن معنى اللفظة في دلالتها المعجميّة، والثالث يرصد الدلالات التي حملتها اللفظة في القرآن الكريم، واتضح لنا من البحث إنّ لفظة (شيء) في المعجم اسم مشترك المعنى للموجود والمعدوم، وتعني في اللغة الحبشية التدمير والإبادة، أمّا القرآن الكريم فقد سخّر لفظة شيء لدلالات عديدة بلغت أكثر من ثلاث عشرة دلالة في سورتي البقرة وآل عمران.
أثر تطبيق استراتيجية التفكير الزوجي المشترك على تطوير مهارات الكتابة لدى طلبة اللغة الانكليزية لغة أجنبية العراقيين
Authors: العبادي أ. م. د. قاسم حمادي
Published: October 2019

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى قياس اثر استراتيجية التفكير الزوجي المشترك على تطوير مهارات الكتابة لدى  طلبة اللغة الانكليزية لغة أجنبية العراقيين. استراتيجية التفكير الزوجي المشترك هي استراتيجية تدريسية تعاونية تتضمن ثلاث مراحل : الاولى هي اعطاء وقت للتفكير والثانية اعطاء وقت للمشاركة مع الشريك والثالثة هي اعطاء وقت لكل من الشريكين للمشاركة مع المجموعة الكبيرة . انجزت هذه الدراسة من خلال البحث الصفي الميداني . شارك في هذه الدراسة 50 طالبة من متوسطة زرقاء اليمامة للبنات / المرحلة الثانية في محافظة واسط . تم استخدام أدواة البحث لجمع البيانات وباستخدام اختبار الكتابة للبيانات الاحصائية وقد تبين من خلال المعطيات الاحصائية ان هنالك تأثير واضح لهذه الاستراتيجية على تطوير مهارة الكتابة لدى الطلبة وتحسين درجاتهم من الامتحان الاول الى الثالث.
الازمة الأوكرانيّة الروسيّة:- بين الطموحات الروسيّة و توجهات اوكرنيا نحو اوروبا
Authors: الزهيزي ستار شدهان
Published: October 2019

ان اندلاع الازمة الأوكرانيّة الروسيّة نتيجة عوامل عديدة منها مشكلة الطاقة وسياسة اوكرانيا في منظمة غوام و موقفها من الاسطول البحر الاسود الروسي ودعمها الى جورجيا في الحرب في اقليم اوسيتيا الجنوبية . وكانت لهذه الازمة اثار سياسية منها تزايد حدة الانقسامات في اوكرانيا وتدمير الاقتصاد الاوكراني وتفكك نسيج المجتمع الاوكراني فضلا عن انعكاسها على الواقع السياسي والاقتصادي والامني
الملامح التمثيليّة في إلقاء الشعر الشعبي العراقي
Authors: خلف م. د.وعد عبدالامير
Published: October 2019

يعد الشعر الشعبي العراقي أحد أهم الفنون العراقية إذ بدأ العراقيون بممارسته منذ سنوات طويله كأحد اساليب التعبير عن الفرح والحزن والاغتراب وغيرها من الاحاسيس العاطفية, واستعمل ايضاً في المجال السياسي وبأسلوب جماعي للتعبير عن الاستياء والمعارضة للسطات والتظاهر عليها، من هذا المنطلق ارتأى الباحث التعمق في جانب الشعر الشعبي العراقي مسرحياً فأطلع على اساليب الالقاء المستخدمة في مجال الشعر الشعبي فألتمس ان هنالك ملامحاً تمثيلية يقوم بأدائها الشاعر نفسه مستخدمها اثناء القائه القصيدة الشعرية التي تحمل في طياتها ملامح درامية وملحمية ايضاً .

فمن هنا سيسلط الباحث الضوء على تلك الملامح التمثيليّة المستخدمة في القاء الشعر الشعبي العراقي, تضمن البحث أربعة فصول ، الفصل الأول: الإطار المنهجي للبحث تضمن مشكلة البحث والحاجة اليه التي تطرح السؤال الاتي (هل كانت هنالك ملامح تمثيلية في طريقة القاء الشاعر الشعبي العراقي؟ وما مدى القدرات والامكانيات التي يستخدمها الشاعر الشعبي في الأداء التمثيلي نسبةً لأداء وامكانيات الممثل المسرحي؟ ثم تجلت أهمية البحث في التعرف على الملامح التمثيليّة في الشعر الشعبي العراقي وتداخلاته في الفن المسرحي إفادة الباحثين في مجال الشعر الشعبي العراقي و الدراسات المسرحية, اما هدف البحث الكشف عن الملامح التمثيليّة في الشعر الشعبي العراقي ثم حدود البحث وتحديد المصطلحات. 

اما الفصل الثاني: الإطار النظري للبحث ، فتضمن مبحثين، عني المبحث الأول منها بنبذة تأريخية مراحل تطور تجربة الشعر الشعبي في العراق, فيما عني المبحث الثاني ملامح التمثيل المسرحي في القاء الشعر الشعبي العراقي, ثم اختتم الفصل بما أسفر عنه الإطار النظري من مؤشرات. اما الفصل الثالث لقد اشتمل على إجراءات البحث وهي مجتمع البحث, وعينة البحث, وأداة البحث، ومنهج البحث, وتم اختيار عرض واحد وذلك لغرض تحقيق هدف البحث, أما الفصل الرابع: فاحتوى على نتائج البحث التي توصل إليها الباحث ومنها:

شكل جسد الشاعر تكويناً صورياً يؤدى بواسطة الايماءات والايحاءات الجسدية من خلال حركة الجذع واليدين والرأس وتغيير تعابير الوجه

 حمل الاداء التمثيلي للشعراء في القاء القصيدة دلالات رمزية اثارة عواطف الجمهور التي تصل الى درجة البكاء احياناً . كما احتوى الفصل على الاستنتاجات والتوصيات والمقترحات وقائمة بمصادر البحث ومراجعه
Reproducibility of Individual Effect Sizes in Meta-Analyses in Psychology
Authors: Maassen Esther , van Assen Marcel A. L. M. , Nuijten Michele B. , Olsson-Collentine Anton , Wicherts Jelte M.
Published: October 2019

To determine the reproducibility of psychological meta-analyses, we investigated whether we could reproduce 500 primary study effect sizes drawn from 33 published meta-analyses based on the information given in the meta-analyses, and whether recomputations of primary study effect sizes altered the overall results of the meta-analysis.
Cognition-oriented treatments for older adults: A systematic overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Gavelin Hanna Malmberg , Lampit Amit , Hallock Harry , Sabates Julieta , Bahar-Fuchs Alex
Published: October 2019

Cognition-oriented treatments (COTs) – commonly categorized as cognitive training, cognitive rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation – are promising approaches for the prevention of cognitive and functional decline in older adults. We conducted a systematic overview of meta-analyses investigating the efficacy of COTs on cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes in older adults with or without cognitive impairment. Review quality was assessed by AMSTAR 2. We identified 51 eligible reviews, 46 of which were included in the quantitative synthesis. The confidence ratings were “moderate” for 9 (20%), “low” for 13 (28%) and “critically low” for 24 (52%) of the 46 reviews. While most reviews provided pooled effect estimates for objective cognition, non-cognitive outcomes of potential relevance were more sparsely reported. The mean effect estimate on cognition was small for cognitive training in healthy older adults (Hedge’s g 0.32, range 0.13-0.64, 19 reviews), mild cognitive impairment (Hedge’s g 0.40, range 0.32-0.60, five reviews), and dementia (Hedge’s g 0.38, range 0.09-1.16, seven reviews), and small for cognitive stimulation in dementia (Hedge’s g 0.36, range 0.26-0.44, five reviews). Meta-regression revealed that higher AMSTAR score was associated with larger effect estimates for cognitive outcomes. The available evidence supports the efficacy of COTs improving cognitive performance in older adults. The extent to which such effects are of clinical value remains unclear, due to the scarcity of high-quality evidence and heterogeneity in reported findings. An important avenue for future trials is to include relevant non-cognitive outcomes in a more consistent way and, for meta-analyses in the field, there is a need for better adherence to methodological standards.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018084490.Gavelin, H.M., Lampit, A., Hallock, H. et al. Cognition-Oriented Treatments for Older Adults: a Systematic Overview of Systematic Reviews. Neuropsychol Rev (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-020-09434-8
TED Talks as Data
Authors: Kinnaird Katherine M. , Laudun John
Published: October 2019

Over the past decade, TED talks have achieved a high level of cultural currency. In addition to the original event, which continues, the various spino events, e.g. TEDMed or TEDGlobal, and the localized versions (TEDx), there is a TED radio hour on National Public Radio as well as a considerable infrastructure designed to formalize the inclusion of TED talks in education. The nature of a TED talk has so saturated American culture that one of us has documented, in fact, the saying noted above offered when someone has monopolized conversation too long: “Thanks for coming to my TED talk.”
The optimal size of a political party based on the Shapley-Shubik Power Index
Authors: Maruyama Yuuki
Published: October 2019

Shapley-Shubik Power Index per person (SSPIPP) is defined as the ratio of a political party's Shapley-Shubik Power Index in Parliament to the number of people who voted for the party. SSPIPP can be regarded as the political power each of them has. This model reveals the relationship between the party size and SSPIPP and shows it in a graph. The graph is M-shaped and reveals the optimal party size that maximizes SSPIPP. According to this model, the more votes required to pass bills in Parliament, the smaller the optimal party size becomes. This model also predicts that in countries which require a supermajority vote to pass bills, party system fragmentation tends to last long.
志愿服务活动对于高校实践育人功能的研究
Authors: 左 洁
Published: October 2019

培养社会主义建设者和接班人,要求“全员育人、全方位育人、全过程育人”,而志愿服务活动是“三全育人”的有效载体,是高校实践育人的平台,本人对志愿服务活动对实践育人功能进行了研究。
《反杜林论》平等观探析——以思想政治教育为例
Authors: 李 月
Published: October 2019

恩格斯《反杜林论》具有马克思主义哲学部分丰富的思想,对于探讨价值观问题有着非常重要的理论指导和现实意义。通过对《反杜林论》中关于平等思想的论述,尝试探究思想政治教育关于平等思想的内涵,试图更好的理解思想政治教育中的平等。
基于“互联网+”非学历继续教育的学习模式创新—以“学习强国”App为例
Authors: 汪 萃萃 , 廖 洵
Published: October 2019

近年来,“互联网+”概念非常火爆,给很多行业很多领域带来了机遇和挑战,而非学历继续教育的学习模式也在不断发展。本文以“互联网+”非学历继续教育为基础,对学习模式的创新进行了研究,并且以“学习强国”App为实例,阐述了创新学习模式的应用。
PENGARUH ASAM STEARAT TERHADAP SIFAT KETEGUHAN PATAH/MODULUS OF RUPTURE PAPAN PARTIKEL TERMOPLASTIK BEKAS BERPENGISI TEMPURUNG KELAPA
Authors: Muh. Hendra S Ginting  , Rosdanelli Hasibuan
Published: October 2019

The utilization of former thermoplastic and coconut shell as particle board is one way to reduce plastic waste packaging, the ratio of the former as a thermoplastic matrix and coconut shells as fillers 60:40. Purpose of this study was to determine the effect of stearic acid on properties of modulus of rupture former thermoplastic particle board filler of coconut shell. Method of shell particle board manufacturing using the extruder, starting with the modification of coconut shell particles (size 80 mesh) with stearic acid (0 g, 3 g, 6 g and 9 g in 60 ml of ethanol ) and then dried in an oven at a temperature 70oC . Matrix and coconut shell ( 60:40 ) mixed in the extruder and then printed with hot press at a temperature of 170oC, until forming particle board with a size of 200 mm x 200 mm x 10 mm. Particle board analyzed the modulus of rupture in accordance with SNI 03-2105-2006. The results showed an increase in modulus of rupture properties. The modulus of rupture is 37.402 MPa greatest.
KARAKTERISASI SENSOR POLIMER KONDUKTIF POLIANILIN BERPENGISI SERBUK BAN UNTUK MENDETEKSI KONDUKTIVITAS MINYAK
Authors: Rizky Dharmawan  , Satriaji Sudigdo  , Hamidah Harahap
Published: October 2019

Conductive polymer sensor with varying amounts of poly aniline and tire dust and 1.4-methyl-pyrrolidinone as solvent using polymerization process have been developed. The polymerization process was prepared at temperature 100o C in the boiling water at 30 minutes. Conductive polymer sensor¬ is undergone several type of the analysis including electrical conductivity, Scanning Electron Microscope, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The test used some kind of oil (palm oil, corn oil, diesel oil, and engine oil). The result showed that the highest electrical conductivity for the sensor-4 (20 per hundred resin of the tire dust) at 80oC for 30 minutes. Scanning electron microscope result shows rough surface and well dispersed of the tire dust in poly aniline / tire dust conductive blends. The analysis of X-RD shows the face center cubic (FCC) crystallographic structure of the sensor. The optimum of the electrical conductivity of the sensor was applied to detect the palm oil. The sensor given response towards palm oil (Neptune) compered to corn oil, diesel oil, and engine oil.
PEMBUATAN ASAM OKSALAT DARI ALANG-ALANG (Imperata Cylindrica) DENGAN METODE PELEBURAN ALKALI
Authors: Iriany  , Andrew Faguh Sitanggang  , Rahmad Dennie A. Pohan
Published: October 2019

Imperata grassland is one of the wild plant which have a low economic value but containing high cellulose. Therefore it is potentially to be used as raw material for  oxalic acid manufacturing. The oxalic acid can be produced from imperata grassland through 4 steps: alkaline hydrolysis, precipitacion, acidification and crystallization. Experiments are carried out in a three necks glass equipped with thermometer, mixer, heater and condenser. Cooking solution NaOH  were varied 3,5 N; 4 N  and 4,5 N and cooking time 50, 60, 70 and 80 minutes. According to the result from the experiment, at the condition 98oC of cooking temperature, the highest yield of oxalic acid about 44,39% is obtained at 4 N concentration of sodium hydroxide and 60 minute of cooking time. Oxalic acid produced has 104oC of melting point  and 1,2 of degree of acidity (pH).
PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN MASSA ECENG GONDOK DAN TEMPURUNG KELAPA SERTA KADAR PEREKAT TAPIOKA TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BRIKET
Authors: Iriany  , Meliza  , Firman Abednego S. Sibarani  , Irvan
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this research is to know the characteristics of briquettes including ash content, moisture content, volatile matter content, heating value, density, burning rate, tensile strength and to know the proper ratio of water hyacinth and coconut shell mixture under tapioca gluten variation. The ratios of water hyacinth and coconut shell in this research were 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 with variation of tapioca gluten 5%, 10%, and 15% of the raw materials. From this research, the ideal composition of briquette is obtain in a mixture of water hyacinth and coconut shell at a ratio of 1:4 with tapioca gluten 10%, ash content 9.718%, moisture content 1.374%, volatile  matter content 14.814%, heating value 6,879.596 cal/g, density 0.983 g/cm3, burning rate 3.021 × 10-3 g/second and tensile strength 18.400 g/cm2.
ADSORPSI β-KAROTEN YANG TERKANDUNG DALAM MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT (CRUDE PALM OIL) MENGGUNAKAN KARBON AKTIF
Authors: Irvan  , Olyvia Putri Wardhani  , Nurul Aini  , Iriany
Published: October 2019

Crude palm oil (CPO) is the richest natural source of carotenoids which gives the reddish-orange color in crude palm oil. The reddish color in  unprocessed palm oil is disliked by consumer. This research is aimed to adsorb the β–carotene from the CPO using activated carbon, then the kinetics, isotherm models and thermodynamics data of the adsorption process were obtained. The main materials used in this research were CPO and activated carbon. The observed parameters were final concentration  and the amounts of adsorbed β–carotene in activated carbon. The adsorption process was conducted by mixing the adsorbent with CPO with the variation of adsorbent: CPO (w/w) ratio = 1 : 3; 1 : 4; 1 : 5 and 1 : 6 with mixing  speed 120 rpm and the temperature of 40, 50 and 60 oC. The sample of CPO and activated carbon was analyzed at every 2 minutes until the equilibrium was achieved. The final concentration of the unadsorbed β–carotene was analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the more CPO used in the process, the lower the adsorption percentage. The higher the adsorption temperature, the higher  adsorption percentage. Moreover, the maximum adsorption percentage was 95.108%  obtained at ratio 1 : 3 and T = 60 oC. The adsorption isotherm model which fit with the β–carotene adsorption at T = 60 oC was Langmuir model with the correlation coefficient of 0.959. The adsorption kinetics model which fit with the β–carotene adsorption was the second order kinetics model with the correlation coefficient of 0.998. The value of free energy Gibbs (ΔG) = -24,482.484 ; -24,708.059 and -24,933.634 J/mol for each temperature respectively, value of entropy changes (ΔS) = 22.557 J/mol K, and value of enthalpy changes (ΔH) = -17,421.987 J/mol.
EKSTRAKSI KALIUM DARI KULIT BUAH KAPUK (Ceiba petandra)
Authors: Seri Maulina  , Fakhradila  , Nurtahara
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the best  of combustion time and temperature of ash production from kapok fruit peel ( Ceiba Petandra ) to get the most potassium. The experiment was begun to dry kapok  fruit peel for 24 hours at oven with temperature 110 oC and combustion to obtaine the ash from kapok fruit peel. The combustion was done by muffle furnace which time variables were from  3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, and 6 hours and burning temperature variables were from, 500 oC, 550 oC,600 oC, 650oC. The potassium that contained in ash have been extracted by distilled water with volume 30 ml  for 24 hours. Observed responses were normality, pH, ash content,  and potassium oxide content (% K2O). The best result of ash was in 3 hours with temperature 500 oC. The ash was analyzed by using AAS Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, and 35.91 % of potassium oxide (K2O) content was obtained as maximum result.
Studi Jamur Cryptococcus Neoformans Penyebab Kriptokokosis pada Kotoran Burung, Tanah, dan Udara di Pasar Burung Lingkungan Sindu dengan Media Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA)
Authors: Mustiani Siti Nabila , Jiwintarum Yunan , Jiwantoro Yudha Anggit
Published: October 2019

Cryptococcus neoformans adalah jamur patogen oportunistik penyebab kriptokokosis, yaitu mikosis yang berpotensi mematikan pada manusia. Jamur ini banyak terdapat pada lingkungan yang tercemar kotoran burung seperti pasar burung. Salah satu pasar burung yang keadaan lingkungannya mendukung untuk pertumbuhan Cryptococcus neoformans adalah pasar burung Lingkungan Sindu, namun belum pernah diteliti tentang adanya jamur Cryptococcus neoformans di lingkungan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui studi jamur Cryptococcus neoformans penyebab kriptokokosis pada kotoran burung, tanah, dan udara di pasar burung Lingkungan Sindu dengan media Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional deskriptif dengan total 12 sampel yang diambil dari 4 area di pasar burung Lingkungan Sindu. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa hasil identifikasi makroskopis dan mikroskopis koloni yang tumbuh pada media PDA. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa Cryptococcus neoformans terdapat pada 2 sampel dari 4 sampel kotoran burung, 1 sampel dari 4 sampel udara, dan tidak terdapat pada sampel tanah. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa jamur Cryptococcus neoformans ditemukan paling banyak pada sampel kotoran burung yaitu 50%, kemudian pada sampel udara yaitu 25%, sementara pada sampel tanah tidak ditemukan jamur Cryptococcus neoformans (0%).
Упровадження автоматизованих систем управління військами в освітній процес вищих військових навчальних закладів та підготовку органів військового управління
Authors: Стужук П. І. , Бодрик Ю. Г. , Сушинський Д. О.
Published: October 2019

У сучасних умовах вирішальне значення для досягнення успіху в операції (бою) має автоматизоване управління військами (силами), яке здійснюється в часі, наближеному до реального, та в єдиному інформаційному середовищі прийняття управлінських рішень на застосування військ (сил) і зброї. Оборонна реформа, запроваджена в Міністерстві оборони та Збройних Силах України, передбачає створення таких автоматизованих систем на основі передових стандартів НАТО. Це, у свою чергу, викликає необхідність підготовки кваліфікованих офіцерських кадрів, які були би здатні ефективно застосовувати ці системи.У статті викладено досвід упровадження автоматизованих систем управління військами в освітній процес Національного університету оборони України імені Івана Черняховського, який може бути використаний в інших вищих військових навчальних закладах та під час оперативної (бойової) підготовки військ.Національний університет оборони України відповідно до визначених наукових завдань здійснює дослідження проблем розвитку інформаційних технологій та удосконалення автоматизованих систем управління, а також впроваджує результати цих досліджень в освітній процес університету.Одним із таких результатів є створена в університеті навчальна автоматизована система управління військами (АСУВ) “Славутич”. Протягом останніх п’яти років АСУВ “Славутич” активно впроваджується в освітній процес університету. Слухачі факультативно вивчають технології застосування АСУВ “Славутич” та удосконалюють компетенції автоматизованого управління військами (силами) під час проведення занять з оперативно-тактичних дисциплін.Найбільш повно та комплексно АСУВ “Славутич” використовується під час проведення командно-штабних навчань та командно-штабних воєнних ігор зі слухачами випускних курсів. Досвід використання АСУВ “Славутич” свідчить про суттєвий вплив автоматизації на ефективність управління військами та навчання слухачів.АСУВ “Славутич” складають 10 функціональних та забезпечуючих підсистем  (інформаційного обміну; відеоконференцзв’язку; електронного документообігу; організації роботи штабу; інформаційно-довідкова; збору і обробки даних; геоінформаційна; ведення і відображення положення, стану та дій військ; інформаційно-розрахункова; управління функціонуванням), стислий опис  яких наведено у статті.
Modeling for Pyrolysis of Solid Biomass
Authors: Miljkovic Biljana , Nikolovski Branislava , Mitrović Dejan , Janevski Jelena
Published: October 2019

In comparison to coal, biomass is characterized by a higher content of volatile matter. It is a renewable source of energy which has many advantages from an ecological point of view. Understanding the physical phenomena of pyrolysis and representing them with a mathematical model is the primary step in the design of pyrolysis reactors. In the present study, an existing mathematical model is used to describe the pyrolysis of a single solid particle of biomass. It couples the heat transfer equations with the chemical kinetics equations. A finite difference method is used for solving the heat transfer equation and the two-step pyrolysis kinetics equations. The model equation is solved for a slab particle of equivalent dimension 0.001 m and temperature ranging from 300 to 923 K. An original numerical model for the pyrolysis of wood chips is proposed and relevant equations solved using original program realized in MATLAB.To check the validity of the numerical results, experimental results of pyrolysis of woody biomass in laboratory facility was used. The samples were heated over a range of temperature from 300 to 923 K with three different heating rates of 21, 32 and 55 K/min, and the weight loss was measured. The simulation results as well as the results obtained from thermal decomposition process indicate that the temperature peaks at maximum weight loss rate change with the increase in heating rate. The experimental results showed that the simulation results are in good agreement and can be successfully used to understand the degradation mechanism of solid reaction.
Salman Akhtar (2018). Göç ve Kimlik, Kargaşa, Sağaltım ve Dönüşüm
Authors: Madendağ Gülten
Published: October 2019

Salman Akhtar (2018). Göç ve Kimlik, Kargaşa, Sağaltım ve Dönüşüm. İstanbul: Sfenks Kitap, 198 sayfa, ISBN: 978-605-68005-3-5.
Kamusal Alan ve Göç Almanya’daki Türkiyeli Göçmenlerin Ulusötesi Alanı Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Korkmaz Emre Eren
Published: October 2019

Bu makalede göç çalışmaları ve demokrasi teorilerine katkıyı amaçlayan bir teorik çerçeve sunulacaktır. Demokrasi teorilerinin/siyaset teorisinin önemli kavramlarından olan kamusal alan ile göç çalışmalarında göçmen ağlarının önemini gündemine alan ulusötesi alanın birlikte değerlendirmesi her iki teorik yaklaşımı da güçlendirecek bir imkan sunmaktadır. Bunun bir yönü göçmen toplu-luklarının ulusötesi alanının özelliklerinin ve gündemlerinin kamusal alanı etkilemesi ve her iki alan arasında sürekli bir etkileşimin olmasıdır. İkinci yönü ise ulusötesi alanın bazı özelliklerinin kamusal alan niteliği göstermesi ve belirli açılardan ulusötesi alanın bir kamusal alan hüviyetinde açığa çıkmasıdır, bu açıdan iki kamusal alanın çakıştığı bir mekandaki ilişkiler değerlendirilmektedir. Bu teorik çerçeve Almanya’daki Türkiyeli göçmenlerin misafir işçilikten kalıcılığa geçişine dair tarihsel perspektif üzerinden temellendirilecektir.ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHPublic Space and Migration: An Examination of the Transnational Space of Immigrants from Turkey in GermanyLarge number of migrants, who have been employed in various industries for decades, who pay taxes, are consumers and carry out their obligations are however unable to fully participate in the political process because of limitations and requirements of citizenship policies. In some cases they are even barred from having a say in local administration. Representation and participation processes are however not limited to voting or being represented in the central or local administration. For instance, many Turkey-origin immigrants in Germany who are unable to vote in municipal elections can be elected as worker representatives and distinguish themselves as outstanding political figures, as they speak on behalf of all workers. This article elaborates transnational social spaces of immigrants as a unique form of public sphere and demonstrate the similarities between the birth of the public sphere and formation of the transnational social space focusing on the experiences of Turkey-origin migrant workers in Germany.
Outcome Comparison of Transurethral Resection of the Prostate in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Patients in Karawang General Referral Hospital
Authors: Halimi Ramlan , Pratama Achmad Rizky Herda
Published: October 2019

Background: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common pathological condition in man that causes Lower Urinary Tract Syndrome (LUTS). The most popular therapeutic modality for BPH is Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP). This study describes the TURP outcome in BPH patient with prostate size > 75 grams compared to < 75 grams in Karawang General Referral Hospital.Methods: We performed a retrospective review of clinical outcome from BPH patient with LUTS who underwent TURP procedure between January 2017 – April 2018. Data was taken through patient medical records and processed descriptively to describe complications, quality of life, and clinical laboratory data. Qualitative data compared with Chi-Square test.Results: During this study, we evaluated 40 patients, 20 patients with prostate size > 75 grams (group 1) and 20 patients with prostate size < 75 grams (group 2). Mean age in group 1 was 65.6 ± 9.9 years and in group 2 was 65.3 ± 10.2 years. International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) after TURP between group 1 and group 2 showed a significant difference, while incomplete emptying was found mostly in group 2 (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in Quality of Life Score between group 1 and group 2 (p > 0.05). From laboratory results, we found a reduction of hemoglobin in both groups with p-value < 0.05 or no significant difference.Conclusions: Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP) procedure for patient with prostate size > 75 grams is safe and effective with lower complications and there is no significant difference compared to patient with prostate size < 75 grams.
Paclitaxel, Iphospamide, and Cisplatin (TIP) as Bleomycin, Etoposide, and Cisplatin (BEP) Alternative for First-Line Therapy of Metastatic Germ Cell Tumor (GCT): A Case Series
Authors: Hudaya Syamsu , Khadijah Adianti
Published: October 2019

Background: Bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) is a standard first-line therapy for metastatic germ cell tumor (GCT), while paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (TIP) are commonly used as salvage therapy after failed BEP treatment. The unavailability of first-line drugs can be the reason for the use of second-line therapy. In this paper, we reviewed two initial cases of patients with metastatic GCT treated with TIP as first-line chemotherapy in our center.Case Presentation: We reviewed the medical record and followed up two patients who had been treated with TIP as first-line chemotherapy for metastatic GCT due to lack of BEP regiment. We evaluated efficacy and toxicity of this treatment. These two patients were diagnosed with seminoma, with intermediate-risk according to International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) classification. Both achieved complete response after four courses of TIP chemotherapy with toxicities mainly consisted of myelosuppression.Conclusions: TIP demonstrated efficacy serves as the first-line therapy for germ cell tumors with an acceptable safety profile. Further studies with larger subjects are still needed for evaluation. However, TIP is more expensive compared to BEP, making BEP is still superior to TIP in public hospital setting where cost-effectiveness of treatment is important.
Theoretical Investigations of the Headland Turning Agility of a Trailed Asymmetric Implement-and-Tractor Aggregate
Authors: Bulgakov Volodymyr , Pascuzzi Simone , Beloev Hristo , Ivanovs Semjons
Published: October 2019

Turning time occupies a significant part of the operations carried out by implement-and-tractor aggregates, especially in fields with short runs. Incorrectly executed turns increase the width of the turning strips, significantly increasing the idle path of the implement-and-tractor aggregate, with negative effect on its efficiency. The objective of this paper was to theoretically analyse the turning agility of an asymmetric implement-and-tractor aggregate, taking into account its forward speed and design parameters. Considering a trailed asymmetric swath reaper and tractor aggregate, the obtained equations allowed a numerical simulation in order to evaluate the headland turning agility of this implement-and-tractor aggregate. The minimal radii of the trailed asymmetric swath reaper and tractor aggregate are, respectively, 8.33 m for right-side turn and 4.90 m for left-side turn. Furthermore, the optimal angle between the longitudinal axis of the aggregating tractor and the hitch bar of the trailed asymmetric implement exists only in the case of left-side U-turns and its value is 1.12 rad (64°). It is not possible to cover right-side U-turns or both right- and left-side pear-shaped loop-turn in the optimal mode.
Identification and Expression Analysis of Two allene oxide cyclase (AOC) Genes in Watermelon
Authors: Li Jingwen , Guang Yelan , Yang Youxin , Zhou Yong
Published: October 2019

Allene oxide cyclase (AOC, EC 5.3.99.6) catalyzes the most important step in the jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthetic pathway and mediates plant defense response to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, two AOC genes were identified from watermelon. Sequence analysis revealed that each of ClAOC1 and ClAOC2 contained an allene oxide cyclase domain and comprised eight highly conserved β-strands, which are the typical characteristics of AOC proteins. Phylogenetic analysis showed that ClAOC1 and ClAOC2 were clustered together with AOCs from dicotyledon, with the closest relationships with JcAOC from Jatropha curcas and Ljaoc1 from Lotus japonicus. Different intron numbers were observed in ClAOC1 and ClAOC2, which may result in their functional divergence. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that ClAOC1 and ClAOC2 have specific and complex expression patterns in multiple organs and under hormone treatments. Both ClAOC1 and ClAOC2 displayed the highest transcriptional levels in stem apex and fruit and exhibited relatively lower expression in stem. JA, salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ET) could enhance the expression of ClAOC1 and ClAOC2, particularly that of ClAOC2. Red light could induce the expression of ClAOC2 in root-knot nematode infected leaf and root of watermelon, indicating that ClAOC2 might play a primary role in red light-induced resistance against root-knot nematodes through JA signal pathway. These findings provide important information for further research on AOC genes in watermelon.
Crop Rotation Compared with Continuous Rye Cropping for Weed Biodiversity and Rye Yield. A Case Study of a Long-Term Experiment in Poland
Authors: Jastrzębska Magdalena , Kostrzewska Marta K. , Marks Marek , Jastrzębski Wiesław P. , Treder Kinga , Makowski Przemysław
Published: October 2019

In recent years, sustainable agriculture has revitalized interest in crop rotations and their effects on crop performance and agroecosystem biodiversity, including weeds. This article used winter rye as an example and focused on the crop rotation (CR) impact on species, taxonomic and functional diversity of weed communities and analysed the contribution of crop rotation to protecting yield and regulating weed abundance. Long-term continuous rye cropping (CC) provided a background for comparison. Two variants of plant protection were also adopted: herbicide application (H+) and no plant protection (H−). The data from the 10th, 30th and 50th years of the experiment were included in the analysis. Diversified crop rotation with no chemical protection resulted in a satisfactory rye yield and reduced weed abundance—especially problem species—without a decrease in weed species diversity or functional diversity. When rye was grown under crop rotation, the herbicide application had no effect on yield protection, but it was harmful to weed biodiversity. The rye yield correlated negatively with weed biomass, but did not show a link with weed biodiversity. Continuation of long-term experiments as a research basis for contemporary and future scientific challenges is necessary.
Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Nutrient Variations in Electrical Conductivity-Based Closed-Loop Soilless Culture Systems by Nutrient Replenishment Method
Authors: Ahn Tae In , Son Jung Eek
Published: October 2019

In closed-loop soilless culture systems, variation in nutrients can lead to instability in the nutrient management and forced discharge of nutrients and water. Total nutrients absorbed by plants are replenished in an electrical conductivity-based closed-loop system, and fluctuation in electrical conductivity within a certain range around the initial value can be expected. However, this is not always observed in systems using conventional nutrient-replenishment methods. The objectives of this study were to analyze nutrient variation in a closed-loop soilless culture system based on a theoretical model and derive an alternative nutrient-replenishment method. The performance of the derived alternative method was compared with a conventional nutrient-replenishment method through simulation analysis. A demonstration experiment using sweet peppers was then conducted to confirm whether the theoretical analysis results can be reproduced through actual cultivation. The average amounts of injected nutrients during the experimental period of four months in the conventional and alternative methods were 2257 and 1054 g, respectively. There was no significant difference in the yield of sweet peppers between the two methods. The substrate electrical conductivity in the alternative method was maintained at 2.7 dS⋅m−1 ± 0.5 within the target electrical conductivity value, while that in the conventional method gradually increased to 5.0 dS⋅m−1 ± 1.2. In a simulation study, results similar to the demonstration experiment were predicted. Total nutrient concentrations in the alternative method showed fluctuations around the target value but did not continuously deviate from the target value, while those in the conventional method showed a tendency to increase. As a whole, these characteristics of the alternative method can help in minimizing nutrients and water emissions from the cultivation system.
Behavioural Differences in Dogs with Atopic Dermatitis Suggest Stress Could Be a Significant Problem Associated with Chronic Pruritus
Authors: Harvey Naomi , Craigon Peter , Shaw Stephen , Blott Sarah , England Gary
Published: October 2019

Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a common allergic skin condition in dogs that causes chronic pruritus. The overall quality of life in dogs with cAD is known to be reduced, and human patients with pruritic conditions report significant psychological burdens from pruritus-induced stress, and atopic dermatitis is associated with significant psychopathological morbidities. We tested the hypothesis that dogs with cAD would display more problem behaviours that could be indicative of stress than would healthy controls. Behavioural data were gathered directly from owners using a validated dog behaviour questionnaire for 343 dogs with a diagnosis of cAD and 552 healthy controls, and scores were also provided for their dog’s pruritus severity. Regression modelling, controlling for potential confounding variables (age, sex, breed, neuter status or other health problem(s)) showed for the first time that pruritus severity in dogs with cAD was associated with increased frequency of behaviours often considered problematic, such as mounting, chewing, hyperactivity, coprophagia, begging for and stealing food, attention-seeking, excitability, excessive grooming, and reduced trainability. Whilst causality cannot be ascertained from this study, the behaviours that were associated with pruritus severity are redirected, self/environment-directed displacement behaviours, which are often considered indicative of stress. Further investigation is warranted, and stress reduction could be helpful when treating dogs with cAD.
Rumen Inoculum Collected from Cows at Slaughter or from a Continuous Fermenter and Preserved in Warm, Refrigerated, Chilled or Freeze-Dried Environments for In Vitro Tests
Authors: Spanghero Mauro , Chiaravalli Maria , Colombini Stefania , Fabro Carla , Froldi Federico , Mason Federico , Moschini Maurizio , Sarnataro Chiara , Schiavon Stefano , Tagliapietra Franco
Published: October 2019

The utilization of animal donors of rumen fluid for laboratory experiments can raise ethical concerns, and alternatives to the collection of rumen fluids from live animals are urgently requested. The aim of this study was to compare the fresh rumen fluid (collected at slaughter, W) with that obtained from a continuous fermenter (RCF) and three methods of rumen fluid preservation (refrigeration, R, chilling, C, and freeze-drying, FD). The fermentability of different inoculum was evaluated by three in vitro tests (neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein (CP) degradability and gas production, NDFd, RDP and GP, respectively) using six feeds as substrates. Despite the two types of inoculum differed in terms of metabolites and microbiota concentration, the differences in vitro fermentability between the two liquids were less pronounced than expected (−15 and 20% for NDFd and GP when the liquid of fermenter was used and no differences for RDP). Within each in vitro test, the data obtained from rumen and from fermenter liquids were highly correlated for the six feeds, as well as between W and R (r: 0.837–0.985; p < 0.01). The low fermentative capacity was found for C and, particularly, FD for liquids. RCF could be used to generate inoculum for in vitro purposes and short-term refrigeration is a valuable practice to manage inoculum.
The Interaction between Phagocytes and Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) Mediated by the Activated Complement System is the Key to GBS Inducing Acute Bacterial Meningitis of Tilapia
Authors: Liu Yu , Li Liping , Huang Ting , Wu Wende , Liang Wanwen , Chen Ming
Published: October 2019

Streptococcus agalactiae is an important pathogen for tilapia meningitis. Most of the infected tilapia die rapidly in production, when the way to study the pathogenic mechanism of bacteria on host through chronic infection in laboratory is not comprehensive and accurate enough to elucidate the real pathogenic mechanism. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of acute bacterial meningitis of tilapia caused by Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS), and provide a theoretical basis for its prevention and treatment. Duel RNA-seq, proteome analysis, histopathological analysis, plasma biochemical indexes, and blood routine examination were performed on tilapias infected with fish-derived GBS attenuated strain YM001 and its parental virulent strain HN016. The results showed that the contents of white blood cell (WBC), monocytes (MON), and neutrophil (NEU) were significantly lower in the HN016 group compared to that in the YM001 group (p < 0.05). Histopathological examination showed that there were partially lesions in the examined tissues of tilapia infected by HN016, while no obvious histopathological changes occurred in the YM001 group. The differential expressed genes (DEGs) and differential expressed proteins (DEPs) between YM001 and HN016 were mainly enriched in the beta-lactam resistance pathway (oppA1, oppA2, oppB, oppC, oppD, oppF, and mrcA). The DEGs DEPs between YM001-brain and HN016-brain were mainly enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades signaling pathway (C2a, c4b, c3b, c7, CD59, ITGB2, and ITGAX). The present study indicates that the interaction between phagocytes and GBS mediated by the activated complement system is the key to GBS inducing tilapia acute bacterial meningitis. The low survival ability caused by reduced β-lactam antibiotics resistance is one of the important reasons for why YM001 lost its pathogenicity to tilapia.
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of the Decontaminant HybenX® Compared to Chlorhexidine and Sodium Hypochlorite against Common Bacterial and Yeast Pathogens
Authors: Antonelli Alberto , Giovannini Luca , Baccani Ilaria , Giuliani Valentina , Pace Riccardo , Rossolini Gian Maria
Published: October 2019

The recent increase in infections mediated by drug-resistant bacterial and fungal pathogens underlines the urgent need for novel antimicrobial compounds. In this study, the antimicrobial activity (inhibitory and cidal) of HybenX®, a novel dessicating agent, in comparison with commonly used sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine, against a collection of bacterial and yeast strains representative of the most common human pathogenic species was evaluated. The minimal inhibitory, bactericidal, and fungicidal concentrations (MIC, MBC, and MFC, respectively) of the three different antimicrobial agents were evaluated by broth microdilution assays, followed by subculturing of suitable dilutions. HybenX® was active against 26 reference strains representative of staphylococci, enterococci, Enterobacterales, Gram-negative nonfermenters, and yeasts, although at higher concentrations than sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine. HybenX® MICs were 0.39% for bacteria (with MBCs ranging between 0.39% and 0.78%), and 0.1–0.78% for yeasts (with MFCs ranging between 0.78% and 1.6%). HybenX® exhibited potent inhibitory and cidal activity at low concentrations against several bacterial and yeast pathogens. These findings suggest that HybenX® could be of interest for the treatment of parodontal and endodontic infections and also for bacterial and fungal infections of other mucous membranes and skin as an alternative to sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine.