bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Changes in the Neutron Number of Isotonic Nuclei on the Tow-Component Partial Level Density Formula Corrected for Pairing in Pre-Equilibrium Reactions
Authors: Mohammad J. F. , Salloum A. D. , Al-Jabbar H. A.
Published: October 2022

Ericsonâ€™s formula describes the partial level density (PLD) of pre-equilibrium reactions and corrections. PLD with pairing correction can be calculated using four methods, namely, pairing, improved pairing, exact Pauli and back shift energy corrections. The variations in the PLD values of each of the four formulas of strontium (88Sr), Yttrium (89Y) and Zirconium (90Zr) isotones have been examined. Results shows that the PLD values that use pairing and improved pairing corrections do not vary for different isotones. However, a small change in PLD values is observed when exact Pauli correction and back shift energy were utilised. The change in the PLD values using back shift energy correction is bigger than the values obtained by using exact Pauli correction. Therefore, the use of back shift formula is recommended because it results in noticeable changes with any small increase in mass number.
Fabrication and Characterization of High-Performance Crosslinked PVA/ PMDA Doped with H2SO4
Authors: Abdulnabi Rusul J. , Kareem Aseel A.
Published: October 2022

In the present study, pure Poly(viny1 alcohol) (PVA) and  pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) cross linked PVA with (0,5,10,15 and 20)wt.% and doped with different molarity (5,9)M of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) were prepared by the solution casting method and were characterized as a function of  frequency in the range (1-100) KHz.
     The FT-IR results showed that the strong broad band observed at 3738.05 and 3857.63 cm-1 may be assigned to O-H stretching due to the strong hydrogen bond of intramolecular and intermolecular type in PVA film.  When PVA is doped with 5M and 9M H2SO4,  a new peak was noticed at 813 cm-1, this peak may be due to the formation of hydrogen bond between the carbonyl (C=O) group of PVA and the H+ ion from the acid.
      As the PMDA concentration increases, the peak intensity of the O–H band 3738.05 cm−1 gradually decreases due to the reaction of more –OH groups of the PVA molecules with the –COOH group. Hence, it is difficult for the crosslinked PVA polymer chains to pack and form crystal regions, so the crosslinked PVA polymer chains become more flexible.
        The a.c. conductivity increases with the increase of frequency. FTIR spectra specified that the chemical reaction did occur between the PVA and the acid, therefore  hydrogen ion (H+) can easily be  separated from the carbonyl group and become free to move which explains proton conductivity of PVA.
    The increase of PMDA concentration has increased free volume and ionic mobility in the film with increasing cross-linkages.
     Dielectric constant decreases with increasing H2SO4 molarity for every frequency.
The Optimal Control Problem for Triple Nonlinear Parabolic Boundary Value Problem with State Vector Constraints
Authors: Al-Hawasy Jamil A. Ali , Rasheed Thekaa M.
Published: October 2022

In this paper, the classical continuous triple optimal control problem (CCTOCP) for the triple nonlinear parabolic boundary value problem (TNLPBVP) with state vector constraints (SVCs) is studied.  The solvability theorem for the classical continuous triple optimal control vector CCTOCV with the SVCs is stated and proved. This is done under suitable conditions. The mathematical formulation of the adjoint triple boundary value problem (ATHBVP) associated with TNLPBVP is discovered. The Fréchet derivative of the Hamiltonian" is derived.  Under suitable conditions, theorems of necessary  and sufficient conditions for the optimality of the TNLPBVP with the SVCs are stated and proved.
Quasi-Radical Semiprime Submodules
Authors: Al-Ragab Omar M , Al-Mothafar Nuhad S.
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we introduce the concept of a quasi-radical semi prime submodule. Throughout this work, we assume that    is a commutative ring with identity and  is a left unitary R- module. A  proper submodule  of  is called a quasi-radical semi prime submodule (for short Q-rad-semiprime), if     for   ,   ,and then  . Where   is the intersection of all prime submodules of .
3D Geological Modelling for Asmari Reservoir In Abu Ghirab Oil Field
Authors: Asad Maaly S. , Hamd-Alla Sameera M.
Published: October 2022

Building a geological model is an essential and primary step for studying the reservoir’s hydrocarbon content and future performance. A three-dimensional geological model of the Asmari reservoir in Abu- Ghirab oil field including structure, stratigraphy, and reservoir petrophysical properties, has been constructed in the present work.
As to underlying Formations, striking slip faults developed at the flank and interlayer normal. Abu Ghirab oilfields are located on the eastern anticlinal band, which has steadily plunged southward. 3D seismic interpretation results are utilized to build the fault model for 43 faults of the Asmari Formation in Abu Ghirab Oilfield. A geographic facies model with six different rock facies types are developed. This new modelling system should be capable of more clearly reflecting the connectivity of the oil body and the heterogeneity of the reservoir. To represent the vertical and horizontal heterogeneity and create a framework for the Asmari reservoir in the Abu Ghirab oil field, the Petrel software has been used to create a reservoir in a 3D model. This model was constructed using data from 55 wells located across the Asmari formation. The model demonstrates accurate estimations (porosity, saturation, and net to gross). These reservoir models directly impact the facies model’s computation of each layer of the net pay thickness of the reservoir. The final goal of the present work is to determine the initial oil in place (IOIP), which is found to be 269*106 sm3.
Short Answers Assessment Approach based on Semantic Network
Authors: Mijbel Sumaya H. , Sadiq Ahmed T.
Published: October 2022

Finding similarities in texts is important in many areas such as information retrieval, automated article scoring, and short answer categorization. Evaluating short answers is not an easy task due to differences in natural language. Methods for calculating the similarity between texts depend on semantic or grammatical aspects. This paper discusses a method for evaluating short answers using semantic networks to represent the typical (correct) answer and students' answers. The semantic network of nodes and relationships represents the text (answers). Moreover, grammatical aspects are found  by measuring the similarity of parts of speech between the answers. In addition, finding hierarchical relationships between nodes in networks. The similarity is then calculated, and students' answers are evaluated. The best results are for weights (α = 0.1, = 0.6, γ = 0.3) = 1.82 from 5, giving more weight in nodes similarity by 6, least similarity by relationships by 3, and least similarity by parts of speech by 1.
Expressions of CD274 (PD-L1) and CD47 rReceptors on the sSurface of bBlast cCells in AML pPatients
Authors: Hamad Hala Mahdi , Shabeeb Ziad Ahmed , Awad Muthanna Mohammed
Published: October 2022

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous clonal disease defined by the proliferation and accumulation of immature hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and blood. This study aimed to evaluate the CD47 and CD274 (PD-L1) expression in Iraqi AML patients and its role in the disease and evasion of malignant cells from immune system. The study was conducted on 85 patients diagnosed with leukemia, 25 of them were excluded as they had taken chemotherapy for less than a week and because the proportion of tumor cells was less than 20%. Virtually, it was conducted on 60 patients with AML and 20 healthy individuals as a control group.  The expression of CD47 and CD274 (PD-L1) was evaluated using flow cytometry in the peripheral blood of AML samples only.  Also MMP-2 level in serum was evaluated via ELISA in both AML and control samples. The expression of CD47 and CD274 in AML patients was found to be high. Analysis of CD274 (PDL1) expression in blast populations showed a significant increase in the proportion of CD274 (PD-L1) positive blast cells in isolated peripheral blood samples (66.3050 ± 1.94522). Also, the CD47 expression on blast cells in AML was recorded as significantly high (64.9333±2.05873). For MMP-2 (ng/ml) level in serum, the mean level non-significantly increased in AML as compared to the control group (102.677±8.719; 92.191±5.161) respectively.
Evaluation of Chitosan-Alginate Nanoparticle as A Stable Antibacterial Formula in Biological Fluids
Authors: Kadhum Wasan Nabeel , Al-Ogaidi Israa Ali Zaidan
Published: October 2022

This research mainly focuses on the preparation of chitosan-alginate Nanoparticle by ionotropic gelation method using calcium chloride and sodium alginate to form nanocomposites of CH-ALg, examine their antibacterial activity against multidrug resistance (MDR) bacteria, and evaluate the stability of chitosan-alginate formula in different biological fluids, including simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and intestinal fluid (SIF). The average diameter of particles size prepared was measured by an Atomic force microscope (AFM) and it was 61.91 nm. Otherwise, the nature of functional groups present in CH-ALg nanoparticle was investigated by Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) analysis. The stability of synthesized CH-ALg nanoparticle was measured by Zeta potential measurement and show high stability with a 79 mV ratio. The SEM picture shows that particles are shown to be in the form of bundles and the size of nanoparticles was in the range of (14-84nm). The antibacterial activity of CH-ALg was tested against (MDR) Gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter cloacae). The results exhibited a significant impact of antibacterial action against isolates of MDR. CH-ALg nanoparticles were loaded with antibiotic doxycycline in order to strengthen the antibacterial action and drug delivery effectiveness. The synergistic effects of prepared CH-ALg loaded with DOX antibiotic at several concentrations toward MDR bacteria were also examined. The results indicate that DOX-loaded nanoparticles have a significant improvement for antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive compared to doxycycline alone. The formula of chitosan- alginate was stabile in various biological fluids including simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SiF)
Hydrocarbon degradation test among the microbial community in oil-contaminated soil of power generators in Kerbala city, Iraq
Authors: Al-Hisnawi Ali A. Abid , Yasser Yass Kudhir , Kadhum Najeh Hashem , Mustafa Jassim M.
Published: October 2022

The present study was designed to isolate the microbial community from oil-contaminated sites and other non-oil-contaminated sites which served as control samples in Kerbala city. In addition to test the effect of hydrocarbons on the growth of some types of bacteria. Bacterial genera and species were identified based on their growth on nutrient agar and blood agar as well as biochemical tests. According to the high bacterial growth rate on crude oil, 5 bacterial isolates were selected for further study. Growth of some identified bacteria in Minimal salt medium amended with hydrocarbon as the sole carbon source was investigated. Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pantoea sp., Pasteurella pneumonia / haemolytica, Chryseobacterium meningosepticum, Bordetella sp., and Enterobacter cloacae were the dominant phyla among all the soil samples. Although all tested bacteria were able to grow on mineral liquid media, P. aeruginosa had the most capacity for growth in this media.
The present study showed that selected bacteria were able to grow and utilize MSM that contains different concentrations of gasoline. From this data, it can be concluded that oil-degrading bacteria are abundant in soils contaminated with spent oil. Consequently, these data suggest that these microbes could be useful for their application in the biodegradation of contaminated soils.
Petrology of the Lower Succession of Injana Formation, Shorr Shareen area, Wasit Governorate, - Eastern Iraq
Authors: Almaliky Yasmeen abdulmutaleb , Tamar- Agha Mazin Y. , Jasim Hasan K.
Published: October 2022

This study deals with the petrology of the lower succession of the Injana Formation in the Shorr Shareen area, Wasit Governorate, Eastern Iraq. The study revealed that the sandstone is litharenite consists of 45.56% rock fragments, 22.13% quartz and 8.5% feldspars. The matrix is about 8.39%, consisting of silt and clay particles. The cement is variable (carbonates 8.42%, evaporites 1.78% and iron oxides 0.96%). The grain assemblage infers that the source of the rock fragments is nearby. The petrographic analyses indicate that the studied Injana sandstones are immature mineralogically because of their content of unstable constituents, such as lithic fragments and feldspars. In addition, the presence of such fresh feldspars indicates that the climate in the source area and the deposition site were arid to semi-arid.
Using Landscape analysis techniques to prevent silt accumulation in the reservoir of the Dwerige weir project and developing River basin, Missan, South Eastern IRAQ
Authors: Al- Siaede Riaed
Published: October 2022

Water harvesting techniques developed globally during the last decades with highly increasing water crisis and climate changes. The Yeoman keyline method was spread widely with increased use for sustainable permaculture development. The main aim of the current study is to analyze and solve the siltation problem in Dwerige weir and to develop water resources in the basin area.  The remote sensing data, field surveying, and hydrology are used together to build a new geotechnical approach. The results show that a huge siltation quantity was not considered in the weir design studies, which were represented by sand sheet materials and eroded soils washed by flooding and entering the weir reservoir through four main channels. The topography and hydrology of the study area are analysed, and the key points- keylines principle used by selecting the suitable contour lines to dig trenches along them to control soil erosion by decreasing flow velocity and holding part of floodwater to increase soil water content and recharge groundwater. The floodwater quantities are estimated in normal and storm cases, finally,  the extra drain water is evaluated.
Solving the Created Equations from Power Function Distribution
Authors: Mohammed Hussein Jabbar , Mohammed Maha A.
Published: October 2022

In this paper, a new class of ordinary differential equations is designed for some functions such as probability density function, cumulative distribution function, survival function and hazard function of power function distribution, these functions are used of the class under the study. The benefit of our work is that the equations ,which are generated from some probability distributions, are used to model and find  the  solutions  of problems in our lives, and that the solutions of these equations are a solution to these problems, as the solutions of the equations under the study are the closest and the most reliable to reality. The existence and uniqueness of solutions the obtained equations in the current study are discussed. The exact solutions of these obtained differential equations are calculated using some methods. In addition, the approximate solutions are determined by the Variation Iteration Method (VIM) and Runge-Kutta of 4th Order (RK4) method. The chosen approximate methods VIM and RK4 are used in our study because they are reliable, famous, and more suitable for solving such generated equations. Finally, some examples are given  to illustrate the behavior of the exact and the approximate solutions of the differential equations with the scale parameters of power function distribution.
Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Some Pyranopyrazole Derivatives as Multifunction Additives for Medium Lubricating Oils
Authors: Salih Ahmad R. , Al-Messri Zainab A. K.
Published: October 2022

The current work involves synthesis of 6-amino-4-(4-hydroxyl-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1,4- dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile (2) by condensation of 2-(4-hydroxyl-3-methoxybenzylidine) malononitrile (1) with 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one. The product 2 was then reacted with various aldehydes to form a series of Schiff base derivatives 3a-h. The reaction of the chosen Schiff base derivatives (3a and 3b) with mercaptoacetic acid gave thiazolidinone derivatives (4a and 4b). The structures of prepared compounds were confirmed using FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopies.  They were evaluated as good copper corrosion inhibitors, anti-rust, and antioxidants. This was done by mixing them with the base medium lubricating oil (type 60 stock) provided by the Iraqi Midland Refineries Company/Al-Daura according to the American Society of Testing and Materials ASTM-D130, ASTM-D665, and Institute of Petroleum's testing method, oxidation stability test (IP-280), respectively.
Microbiological Effect of Lemongrass Cymbopogon Citratus and Spearmint Mentha Spicata Essential Oils as Preservatives and Flavor Additives in Yogurt
Authors: Abed Ibrahim Jabber , Hussein Alyaa Razooqi , Abdulhasan Ghusoon Ali , Dubaish Anwar Neamah
Published: October 2022

This study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of Cymbopogon citratus and Mentha spicata essential oils, separately and mixed, against the microorganisms in yogurt, as well as study the possibility of these essential oils (EO) as natural preservatives and flavors additives/enhancers in yogurt product. Yogurt samples were treated with lemongrass and spearmint EOin different concentrations (250, 500, 1000 ppm: 6250µg/50 ml yogurt, 12500 µg/50 ml yogurt and 25000 µg/50 ml yogurt respectively). The control and treated samples were preserved both at room (25°C) and refrigerator (5°C)  temperatures. In control, the contamination was observed through 2 weeks at 25°C and for about one month at 5°C. The samples treated with lemongrass and spearmint EOs (500pmm), the contamination showed up late, after 45 and 30 days at 25°C respectively. While at 5°C, the contamination appeared after 90 and 60 days respectively. The effect of lemongrass and spearmint EO, separately or mixed (synergistic effect), on the growth of fungi that was isolated from spoiled samples, was studied in different concentrations (125, 250, 500 ppm). Microbilogical examination was done in the control and treated yogurt samples. There was a significant difference (P≤ 0.05) between microbial spoilage (coliform, yeast and fungi) count during different periods of incubation which decreased in the samples treated with essential oils as compared with the control. The results of the percentage of growth inhibition revealed that lemongrass EO, around 80-100%, is the best in inhibiting the molds and yeasts causing yogurt damage as compared to the use of spearmint EO which was 27-60%, and the synergistic effect of about 35-39%. The results of the toxicity assay of the maximum effect of EO in vivo proved their validity for consumption when added both as preservative and flavor. The concentrations used for the dosage ranged from 250 ppm to 5000 ppm.
Evaluation of the Physical Parameters on Ischemic Heart Disease Patients Using Echocardiography
Authors: Mohammed Marrwa K. , Essa Samar I.
Published: October 2022

Background: Left ventricular function and volumes have major diagnostic and prognostic importance in patients with various cardiac diseases, such as ischemic heart disease which is a life-threatening heart disease condition characterized by systolic dysfunction and a decrease in cardiac output. 
According to left ventricular ejection fraction, the degree of ischemic heart disease was classified as mild, moderate, and severe. To determine cardiac function and hemodynamics, the echocardiography technique is used, which is a noninvasive diagnostic method.
Patients and Methods: The study included 216 patients between 25 and 75 years old; 121 males and 95 females; 265 normal individuals (age range: 25 to 75 years old); 84 males and 181 females. Doppler echocardiography was used to assess left ventricular function. The measurements included left ventricular end-diastole diameter (LVIDd), left ventricular end-systole diameter (LVIDs), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF%). 
Results show a significant correlation in the values of EDV, ESV and LVEF (all: p < 0.05). The change difference in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was (61.88%), (47.57%), and (36.76%), respectively, for all degrees of ischemia. While the change difference in left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV)between patients and control groups was (173.38%), (248.83%), and  (289.82%), respectively. On the other hand, the change in left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV) was (258.73%), (495.13%), and (569.72%), respectively, for all degree of ischemia.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that diastolic dysfunction is more common in patients than in healthy people. This could be due to the adverse effects of ischemic heart disease on the cardiac muscle. These changes in left ventricular structure may include left ventricular hypertrophy, increase in stiffness, and reduction in compliance.
The Jurassic and Deep Structures Inferred from Gravity Data Depending on Stripping Technique for The Uppermost Layers in Central and Southern Iraq
Authors: AL-Banna Ahmed S. , AL-Saffar Reham S.
Published: October 2022

The gravity anomalies of the Jurassic and deep structures were obtained by stripping the gravity effect of Cretaceous and Tertiary formations from the available Bouguer gravity map in central and south Iraq. The gravity effect of the stripped layers was determined depending on the density log or the density density obtained from the sonic log. The density relation with the seismic velocity of Gardner et al (1974) was used to obtain density from sonic logs in case of a lack of density log. The average density of the Cretaceous and Tertiary formation were determined then the density contrast of these formations was obtained. The density contrast and thickness of all stratigraphic formations in the area between the sea level to the top of Jurassic formations were used to determine the gravity effect of these layers. The gravity anomaly map of the stripped formation was determined. The gravity anomaly map of the stripped formation was subtracted from the Bouguer gravity map, and the gravity anomaly map of deep structures was obtained. The regional and residual maps (3rd order polynomial ) were determined  for the gravity anomaly maps before and after stripping. The regional gravity map before stripping shows one positive anomaly located at the western part of the study area and west Abu-Jir and Euphrates faults. The regional gravity map after stripping shows a positive anomaly located along an axis extended from Kut toward Najaf. This positive anomaly map divided the sedimentary basin into two sub-basins. The positive gravity residual anomaly of the Bouguer map before stripping shows regionally three structural axes trending NW-SE. These axes are Baghdad-Kut axis, northwest Karbala axis and west Samawa- Nasiriyah axis. The positive residual anomaly map after stripping shows two important  anomaly areas. The first area is located between Kut and Karbala-Najaf . and the second is located northwest Karbala by about 100-120 km. These two areas may be prospective areas for hydrocarbon. The stripping method application in the study area shows good result; therefor, it can be used to enhance the gravity data to investigate deep structures in other areas.
Generating Streams of Random Key Based on Image Chaos and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Saleh Fatima Faiz , Ali Nada Hussein M.
Published: October 2022

Today the Genetic Algorithm (GA) tops all the standard algorithms in solving complex nonlinear equations based on the laws of nature. However, permute convergence is considered one of the most significant drawbacks of GA, which is known as increasing the number of iterations needed to achieve a global optimum. To address this shortcoming, this paper proposes a new GA based on chaotic systems. In GA processes, we use the logistic map and the Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) to generate chaotic values to use instead of each step requiring random values. The Chaos Genetic Algorithm (CGA) avoids local convergence more frequently than the traditional GA due to its diversity. The concept is using chaotic sequences with LFSR to generate seed values for genetic algorithms, which can generate keys with a high degree of randomness. The quality of key (generated sequence) was tested using known standard tests, then a comparison table is presented to show the increase in ratios in the test before and after applying GA, demonstrating that the proposed system generates sequence (key) with high randomness degree, The proposed system achieved an increase in the randomness rate by four degrees on average and thus it solves the problem of repetition and linearity, Finally, The system is built in the Java environment.
Biodiversity and Structure of Rotifera Communities in the Great Garraf Drain Channel, Southern Iraq
Authors: Al-Safi Duaa R. M. , Nashaat Muhanned R. , AL-Sariy Jameel S.
Published: October 2022

Three sites, selected on the Great Garraf Drain Channel (GGDC) demonstrated the first ever study dealing with rotifers biodiversity features from August 2019 till July 2020. Seventy-two taxonomic units were identified. The high densities of rotifera ranged from 733.32 - 32300 Ind./m3. Brachionus urceolaris, Keratella quadrata (long spin), Keratella quadrata (short spin) and Syncheta obloga were the most common relative abundance recorded in the index. In contrast the results of the constant index showed that there were nine constant taxonomic units. The species richness index was recorded from 1.489- 6.900. Jaccard presence similarity index revealed a strong link between stations 2 and 3 with a value of 83.30%. Hereinafter Shannon-Weiner diversity index recorded values ranging from 0.821-2.901 bit/Ind. The species uniformity index ranged from 0.296- 0.925. Nevertheless, the values of this index indicated no environmental stress on rotifera assemblage in the river environment. Also, it was concluded that GGDC was considered generally ranging from moderately polluted in some sites to highly polluted water in other locations during the study period.
Study of Light and Heavy Minerals and Their Effect on Oil Aggregation in the Zubair Formation for the Rumaila Oil Field in Southern Iraq
Authors: Al- Humaidan Zainab A. , Al-Jaberi Mohanad H. , Al-Mayyahi Haider K. , Al-Mutouri Zainab A.
Published: October 2022

Zubair Formation is the most productive reservoir in southern Iraq, which is comprised of sandstones, interbedded with shale sequences and sometimes carbonate rock. It is an important formation in the lower Cretaceous cycle in Iraq. Rumaila oil field is the largest oil field in Iraq and the 6th in the world. Two wells were studied for three depths, one in the southern Rumaila and the other in the north. The study focused on light and heavy minerals in sand fractions and their relationship with hydrocarbon assemblages. For the survey to be complete, the sedimentological study of the cores was also conducted. This research aims to determine the effect of the amount of heavy and light minerals on the generation and production of oil in the reservoir layers.  The sedimentological results were the prevalence of sand for all depths, especially in Southern Rumaila. The sand ratio ranged from 62% to 98%. The rate of heavy minerals in southern Rumaila was greater than in Northern on average at 1.17%. Light minerals were the most in Northern Rumaila up to 99.3% represented in quartz with a high percentage and a little part of feldspar represented in orthoclase. Heavy minerals were represented in Opaque (24%), zircon (27.6%), tourmaline (18%), rutile (11%), biotite (3%), chlorite (3.6%), muscovite (3.6%), staurolite (2%) and hornblende (3.6%). The proportion of quartz was the most in light minerals. The average of minerals is ultra-stable, and Opaque is the most dominant over the other minerals. Ultra-stable minerals in the sand that contain hydrocarbon assemblage are an index to mineralogical maturity for sandstone rocks. The SEM images showed deformations in quartz grains due to the high energy; on the other hand, the roundness and sphericity of the grains were evident, especially in Southern Rumaila sands.
Mineralogical and geochemical aspects of sand dunes in Missan Governorate, Southeastern Iraq
Authors: Al-Halfi Fadia Waleed , Al-Khafaji Sattar Jabbar
Published: October 2022

Twenty sand samples were collected from the sand dunes of Missan fields, Southeastern Iraq. Grain size distribution, mineralogical and chemical composition were studied for the total, medium, and fine-size sand fractions. The grain size analysis shows that the sand is the main component, followed by silt and trace of clay. The predominant grain size of sand is 0.250 to 0.500 mm, which forms more than 57.28 %, which indicates that these dunes were formed under the influence of relatively strong winds and the sedimentary material is close to the source. The light components are quartz, feldspar, and different rock fragments, while the heavy mineral assemblages are composed of opaque minerals, chlorite, mica, and amphiboles. Pyroxene and epidote are the common minerals, while zircon, garnet, tourmaline, rutile, kyanite, and staurolite are in minor amounts. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data reveals that the predominant non-clay minerals are quartz, calcite, feldspar, and gypsum. While the dominant clay minerals are palygorskite and illite, followed by kaolinite and the mixed layer of montmorillonite – chlorite. There is a negative relationship between the percentage of heavy minerals and the grain size of sand. Dunes are distinguished by a relatively high percentage of minerals derived from intermediate and basic igneous rocks located in the Zagros belt, northern Iraq. They also may be derived from local source formations, Injana and Mukdadiya in the surrounding areas. The average geochemical components of sand as indicated by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) are; SiO2 (61.36%), which is mainly represented by quartz, CaO (14.08%) related to the presence of carbonate, SO3 (0.05%) is represented by gypsum, Al2O3 (6.76 %) and alkalis (2.30%) reflect the presence of the K-feldspar and clay minerals, Fe2O3 (3.2%) is attributed to the presence of hematite, magnetite and limonite minerals. SiO2 is concentrated in a medium sand size fraction, while the other oxides are concentrated in a fine sand size fraction.
Mixed Optimal Control Vector for a Boundary Value Problem of Couple Nonlinear Elliptic Equations
Authors: Al-Qaisi Safaa Juma , Kadhem Ghufran M , Al-Hawasy Jamil Amir
Published: October 2022

In this research, we study the classical continuous Mixed optimal control vector problem dominated by couple nonlinear elliptic PDEs. The existence theorem for the unique state vector solution of the considered couple nonlinear elliptic PDEs for a given continuous classical mixed control vector is stated and proved by applying the Minty-Browder theorem under suitable conditions.  Under suitable conditions, the existence theorem of a classical continuous mixed optimal control vector associated with the considered couple nonlinear elliptic PDEs  is stated and proved.
A Class of Harmonic Multivalent Functions for Higher Derivatives Associated with General Linear Operator
Authors: Delphi Ali Musaddak , Jassim Kassim A.
Published: October 2022

The main goal of this paper is to introduce the higher derivatives multivalent harmonic function class, which is defined by the general linear operator. As a result, geometric properties such as coefficient estimation, convex combination, extreme point, distortion theorem and convolution property are obtained. Finally, we show that this class is invariant under the Bernandi-Libera-Livingston integral for harmonic functions.
Optimal Control Design of the In-vivo HIV Fractional Model
Authors: Lazima Zainab A. , Khalaf Sanaa L.
Published: October 2022

HIV is a leading cause of death, in particular, in Sub-Saharan Africa. In this paper, a fractional differential system in vivo deterministic models for HIV dynamics is presented and analyzed. The main roles played by different HIV treatment methods are investigated using fractional optimal control theory. We use three treatment regimens as system control variables to determine the best strategies for controlling the infection. The optimality system is numerically solved using the fractional Adams-Bashforth technique.
An Embedded 5(4) Pair of Optimized Runge-Kutta Method for the Numerical Solution of Periodic Initial Value Problems
Authors: Fawzi Firas. A.
Published: October 2022

This paper presents an alternative method for developing effective embedded optimized Runge-Kutta (RK) algorithms to solve oscillatory problems numerically.   The embedded scheme approach has algebraic orders of 5 and 4. By transforming second-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) into their first-order counterpart, the suggested approach solves first-order ODEs. The amplification error, phase-lag, and first derivative of the phase-lag are all nil in the embedded pair. The alternative method’s absolute stability is demonstrated. The numerical tests are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed approach in comparison to other RK approaches. The alternative approach outperforms the current RK methods.
Negative Coefficients Subclass of Multivalent Functions
Authors: Majed Lieth A. , Abdul-Rahman Asmaa KH.
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we define a new subclass of multivalent functions defined by the generalized integral operator with negative coefficients in the open unit disk U. We also give and study some interesting properties such as coefficient estimates, subordination theorems and integral means inequalities by using the famous Littlewood's subordination theorem. Finally, we conclude a type of inequalities that is upper bound and lower bound for topology multivalent functions of all analytic functions.
The Production of Biofilm from Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Post-Surgical Operation Inflammation
Authors: Jabur Eman Q. , Kandala Nuha
Published: October 2022

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the most common pathogenic bacteria in the hospitals and communities, the ability to form biofilm is considered the main cause of Staphylococcus pathogenicity since it provides resistance to both antibiotics and host immune response, so this study was aimed to evaluate the biofilms formation and its association with antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of MRSA, in order to achieve this aim, 237 samples were collected from different patients with wounds infections after surgeries and samples from operations galleries from varies hospitals in Baghdad ,68 isolates out of 237 were subjected to Staphylococcus aureus according to conventional methods Additionally, the S. aureus isolates were re-identified by molecular method. The results for Susceptibility of 68 S.aureus isolates against 22 antimicrobial agents revealed all isolates were resistant (100%) to Cefotaxime, and showed resistance to Ceftriaxone, Oxacillin, Cefipime, Cefoxitin, ampicillin, Penicillin, Nalidixicacid, erythromycin in percentage (99, 97,97,87, 87, 79,  75,   65  )%  respectively while other isolates showed variety in their resistant to other antimicrobial agents. while all 68 isolates were sensitive to Nitrofurantoin which is considered the most effective agent against the isolates. All 68 isolates were identified as MRSA on HiCromeMeReSa Agar Base medium, but 66 among  68 isolates were methicillin resistant in antibiotic sensitivity test, while 67 isolates had a positive reaction when detecting mecA gene using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique.  The finding of biofilm detection by microtiter plate method (MTPs) showed that 56 of 68 isolates produced biofilm in different degrees, while 66 (97%) among 68 isolates possessed the icaAD gene using PCR.
Improving Measurement of Effectiveness of Blended Learning in Iraqi Education Using SVM
Authors: Abdul Hussein Reem Razzaq , Najeeb Huda Dheyauldeen
Published: October 2022

E-learning has recently become of great importance, especially after the emergence of the Corona pandemic, but e-learning has many disadvantages. In order to preserve education, some universities have resorted to using blended learning. Currently, the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research in Iraq has adopted e-learning in universities and schools, especially in scientific disciplines that need laboratories and a spatial presence. In this work, we collected a dataset based on 27 features and presented a model utilizing a support vector machine with regression that was enhanced with the KNN method, which identifies factors that have a substantial influence on the model for the type of education, whether blended or traditional.Furthermore, the dataset used was primarily focused on three key factors: personal information, the impact of e-Learning platforms, and the influence of the Corona virus. The attributes that were measured revealed that social status, computer skills, and the basic platform gave the user enough tools to continue the learning process. The size of the classrooms and laboratories that meet the health safety conditions is the most significant. The goal of our work is to discover a model that predicts how blended learning will be used during and after the coronavirus pandemic and to produce a model with minimal errors.
Computer Vision of Optimal Geometric Concentration Ratio for the Solar Ball Lens
Authors: Hadi Sabah M. , Abdullah Manal M. , Mahdi Mohamed S.
Published: October 2022

This research evaluates the optical properties of an inhomogeneous and non-paraxial system using a solar ball lens (SBL) as a new thermal solar concentrated collector. This evaluation is based on detecting a diacaustic curve in a straightforward and accurate manner, with the diagnostic relying on image processing as a computational tool using the MATLAB program rather than a complicated numerical analytic procedure. The circle of least confusion (CLC) of the (SBL), (Fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) polymer – water core), was calculated. Furthermore, the study evaluated the maximum geometrical concentration ratio (G C) of refracted solar radiation that can be captured by a receiver of the (SBL). Without energy losses due to spherical aberration, the (G C) ratio was (14.10) at (h/r) ratio, circular aperture radius to ball radius, around (0.6). The investigation also revealed an aplanatic point for preventing the development of optical envelope inside the solar ball lens at (h/r) equal to 0.8638, as well as a maximum (h/r) value of 0.7351 for collecting solar radiation.
A proposal to introduce STEM and educational robotics in kindergarten through an educational scenario for the global food system with resources from Europeana
Authors:   7th Kindergarten of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece, Tallou Konstantina
Published: October 2022

In recent years, increasing attention has been focused on developing Kindergarten children's acquisition of 21st-century digital skills and competencies. New educational technologies have been created to engage students in computational thinking activities. In addition, the use and teaching of robotics have been increasingly studied in recent years, as research data has shown recommendations and positive outcomes for students and teachers. As global demand for food and non-food products continues to grow, primarily driven by population and income growth, the challenge of addressing resource depletion and climate change is also expected to increase. This intervention aims to present the global food system and food waste phenomenon to toddlers through an educational scenario for kindergarten using educational robotics and STEM methodology.
Poetas latinoamericanas : Antología crítica
Authors: Navia Velasco Carmiña
Published: October 2022

Las poetas latinoamericanas no han sido leídas realmente en Colombia; escasamente, las propias colombianas. En la raíz de esta investigación se encuentra una propuesta concreta de recepción para nuestros ambientes académicos y amantes de la poesía en general. Lo que se pretende es hacer oír unas voces que no han sido reconocidas ni escuchadas suficientemente en el país. No es simplemente una colección de poemas, esta se adjunta al final: es una antología crítica, en el sentido en que la relectura se sustenta, se explica y se dan pistas para que lectoras y lectores caminen solos en este bosque inmensamente rico de la poesía latinoamericana. C. N.
SINTOMAS DO ISOLAMENTO SOCIAL UM OLHAR SOBRE O LUTO NA PERSPECTIVA PSICANALÍTICA
Authors: Ruzza Gustavo Henrique , Cenci Milena dos Santos , Maio Claudia
Published: October 2022

No ano de 2020 um vírus denominado SARS-CoV-2, atingiu países do mundo todo, tendo como principais características, a sua alta sobrevivência, capacidade de contaminação e gravidade em casos de internação. Para que seu potencial pandêmico fosse minimizado, diversas agências de saúde do mundo adotaram a estratégia de isolamento social, buscando reduzir aglomerações e o contato entre pessoas infectadas e saudáveis. Entretanto, esta estratégia gerou efeitos psicológicos negativos aos sujeitos, dentre estes, identifica-se a depressão, ansiedade, sentimentos de raiva, medo, insônia, processos de luto, dentre outros. No presente artigo, buscamos compreender os diversos efeitos do isolamento, em especial o luto, sob olhar da abordagem psicanalítica e, através de artigos recentes em plataformas online. Evidenciou-se que os sintomas encontrados, tiveram seu início, ou seu agravamento, em decorrência do isolamento social, incluindo a instauração de processos de luto, tanto pela perda de entes queridos, como pelo modo de viver drasticamente alterado. Compreende-se, então, que o impacto do isolamento social traz sofrimento para o sujeito, na medida em que impede o desenvolvimento das relações humanas. Diante desta perspectiva, torna-se importante compreender aspectos subjetivos desses fenômenos, para estabelecer novas práticas de enfrentamento dos problemas de saúde mental em época de pandemia.
VIVÊNCIA E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A TRANSEXUALIDADE: UM OLHAR SÓCIO-HISTÓRICO
Authors: Oliveira Daiane Rebeca Mendonça de , Palomo Alves Alvaro Marcel
Published: October 2022

A pesquisa pautou-se na abordagem da psicologia sócio-histórica, a qual vê o indivíduo como um ser ativo, social e histórico. Para a psicologia sócio-histórica o sujeito busca respostas às suas necessidades pautando-se em condições objetivas e determinadas, somos produto e produtores da realidade, um agregado de relações sociais. Desta forma uma sociedade que tem como norma a heterossexualidade, a binaridade sexual, os papéis sociais de gênero e o patriarcado, acaba por naturalizar fenômenos sociais, levando a impossibilidade de ações que busquem garantir uma maior equidade de gênero. Mediante essa realidade, a pesquisa analisou as vivências de transgêneros, os quais negam a reposição de papéis sociais em sua identidade, ocorrendo a metamorfose destas. A pesquisa se caracteriza como qualitativa exploratória e se pautou na metodologia de construção da informação. Foram separados pré-indicadores e indicadores, os quais conduziram a formação dos seguintes núcleos de significação: “jogos, brincadeiras e infância” e “corpo, sexualidade como erotização”. A discussão apontou para a tentativa de reposição dos papéis sociais na identidade de transgêneros desde a infância, podendo acarretar em dificuldades de se relacionar com outros e com o próprio corpo, dado a rejeição social experimentada. Dessa forma, essa pesquisa pretende contribuir para a produção de conhecimentos que auxiliem na propagação e promoção de saúde mental, e ainda, para a desconstrução de preconceitos e tabus vivenciados pela população transgênero.
A INFLUÊNCIA DAS RELAÇÕES PAIS-MÃES-FILHOS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO PSÍQUICO DAS CRIANÇAS
Authors: Almeida Izadora Maria Nielsen de , Lopes Alda Penha Andrello
Published: October 2022

Com sucessivas e recorrentes modificações ocorrendo na sociedade contemporânea, a esfera da família e as relações estabelecidas neste meio são reformuladas constantemente. Isto implica em alterações não só das configurações familiares apenas, mas também nas funções e nos papéis que os pais e as mães desempenham na vida dos filhos(as) desde os momentos iniciais e no decorrer do desenvolvimento até a fase adulta. Diante isso, faz-se necessário uma retomada dos conhecimentos da Psicologia, seguindo o referencial teórico psicanalítico, referentes às atribuições paternas e maternas no desenvolvimento psicológico infantil. Esta pesquisa bibliográfica tem por objetivo compreender como as relações entre pais-mães-filhos(as) influenciam no desenvolvimento psíquico das crianças. Apresenta alguns aspectos históricos da instituição família e algumas características do desenvolvimento infantil, de ambiente familiar e interações saudáveis. Utiliza-se como método científico a revisão sistemática da literatura de cunho qualitativo. Conclui-se que as figuras cuidadoras pai e mãe e a qualidade das relações que estabelecem com seus filhos e/ou filhas interferem direta e substancialmente no desenvolvimento emocional destes, sendo necessário, a regulação positiva tanto do ambiente em que as crianças estão inseridas como das interações que com elas são construídas.
O SISTEMA PENITENCIÁRIO FRENTE À VIOLAÇÃO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS E DIGNIDADE DA PESSOA HUMANA
Authors: Azevedo João Pedro de , Santini Debora Priscila , Mello Gabriele Buffetti de , Silva Geovana Barbosa da , Marangoni Pedro Henrique
Published: October 2022

Trata-se de um artigo científico cujo objetivo é analisar a insuficiência do sistema prisional, tendo em vista a violação dos direitos humanos e o princípio da dignidade humana, considerando que não são assegurados para aqueles que estão sob custódia do Estado os direitos previstos na Legislação Penitenciária. Desta forma, é abordado no texto a disparidade da atual situação e tratamento existente dentro dos presídios com o objetivo que lhe foi atribuído, ou seja, a falta de estrutura e organização, juntamente com todas as deficiências presentes neste ambiente, não condiz com suas finalidades primordiais, quais sejam: reeducar e ressocializar. É fato que os cárceres estão assolados pela precariedade, onde os presos são submetidos a tratamentos desumanos e degradantes, e a fonte deste problema está no descaso do Governo para com eles, implicando, assim, na reincidência criminal.
Princípios Constitucionais da Educação: Breve análise sobre o aspecto principiológico da gestão democrática do ensino
Authors: Junior Antonyo Leal , Bueno Aymoré Jorge Alexandre
Published: October 2022

A Constituição da República e as demais normas educacionais estabelecem que o ensino levará em conta princípios, como é o caso da gestão democrática do ensino. A educação passou por um longo período de construção das bases democráticas, sofrendo retrocessos nos períodos ditatoriais, mas que foram superadas. A compreensão da amplitude da gestão democrática do ensino como princípio impõe a todos ao seu cumprimento irresistível. Para este trabalho, utilizou-se de pesquisa bibliográfica a partir de normas legais e de artigos científicos.