bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occurrence, Fate, Effects, and Risks of Dexamethasone: Ecological Implications Post-COVID-19
Authors: Musee Ndeke , Kebaabetswe Lemme Prica , Tichapondwa Shepherd , Tubatsi Gosaitse , Mahaye Ntombikayise , Leareng Samuel Keeng , Nomngongo Philiswa Nosizo
Published: October 2021

The recent outbreak of respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has led to the widespread use of therapeutics, including dexamethasone (DEXA). DEXA, a synthetic glucocorticoid, is among the widely administered drugs used to treat hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The global COVID-19 surge in infections, consequent increasing hospitalizations, and other DEXA applications have raised concerns on eminent adverse ecological implications to aquatic ecosystems. Here, we aim to summarize published studies on DEXA occurrence, fate, and effects on organisms in natural and engineered systems as, pre-COVID, the drug has been identified as an emerging environmental contaminant. The results demonstrated a significant reduction of DEXA in wastewater treatment plants, with a small portion, including its transformation products (TPs), being released into downstream waters. Fish and crustaceans are the most susceptible species to DEXA exposure in the parts-per-billion range, suggesting potential deleterious ecological effects. However, there are data deficits on the implications of DEXA to marine and estuarine systems and wildlife. To improve DEXA management, toxicological outcomes of DEXA and formed TPs should entail long-term studies from whole organisms to molecular effects in actual environmental matrices and at realistic exposure concentrations. This can aid in striking a fine balance of saving human lives and protecting ecological integrity.
To Wear or Not to Wear: Analysis of Individuals’ Tendency to Wear Masks during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China
Authors: Wang Min , Zhao Caiyue , Fan Jing
Published: October 2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the percentage of Chinese people wearing masks was very high, as was the acceptance and initiative toward mask wearing. This national action merits our exploration of the psychological reasons as well as the general social and environmental factors behind this behavior. In this article, we integrated the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT 2) as well as Health Belief Model and set up a mask acceptance model. We used a questionnaire survey and received 337 valid questionnaires. The results indicate that social influence, perceived susceptibility to COVID-19, perceived hedonic benefit (appearance enhancement), and a perceived barrier (hindrance to communication) exert significant influences on the willingness to wear masks. Meanwhile, social influence plays an intermediary role between interdependent self-construal and intention to wear a mask. We hope to reveal the micro psychological reasons for the national action and reflect on the cultural characteristics of Chinese people in the special context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Everyday Life and Social Contacts of Dementia and Non-Dementia Residents over 80 Years in Long-Term Inpatient Care: A Multi-Level Analysis on the Effect of Staffing
Authors: Zirves Melanie , Demirer Ibrahim , Pfaff Holger
Published: October 2021

The relationship between nurse staffing, physical outcomes of residents, as well as quality of care receives major attention. The impact of staffing levels on residents’ ability to organize their everyday life and maintain social contacts, however, has not been analyzed to date. This study examines whether a relationship between the staff-to-resident ratio for registered nurses and nursing home residents with and without dementia aged over 80 exists. Secondary data collected in the project inQS (indikatorengestützte Qualitätsförderung) were used (n = 1782, mean age = 88.14). The analyzed cross-sectional data were collected in winter 2019 in facilities of the Diocesan Caritas Association in Germany. A sum score formed from variables measuring residents’ abilities to independently organize their everyday life and maintain social contacts functioned as the dependent variable. A multi-level regression analysis was performed. The results revealed that the ability of residents without dementia was significantly associated with the staff-to-resident ratio of registered nurses. This was not true for residents with dementia. For the latter, however, whether the facility offers a segregated care unit turned out to be significant. Additional and longitudinal research is indispensable to explain the inequality between the two groups analyzed.
The Main Role of Diaphragm Muscle as a Mechanism of Hypopressive Abdominal Gymnastics to Improve Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Vicente-Campos Davinia , Sanchez-Jorge Sandra , Terrón-Manrique Pablo , Guisard Marion , Collin Marion , Castaño Borja , Rodríguez-Sanz David , Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo Ricardo , Chicharro José López , Calvo-Lobo César
Published: October 2021

Background: Chronic low back pain (LBP) has been stated as one of the main health concerns in the XXI century due to its high incidence. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of an 8-week program of hypopressive abdominal gymnastics (HAG) on inspiratory muscle strength, diaphragm thickness, disability and pain in patients suffering from non-specific chronic LBP. Methods: A total of 40 patients with chronic LBP were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group carried out an 8-week supervised program of HAG (two sessions/week), whereas the control group did not receive any treatment. Outcomes were measured before and after the intervention, comprising diaphragm thickness during relaxed respiratory activity, maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax), pain intensity (NRS), pressure pain threshold and responses to four questionnaires: Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ), Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMQ), Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11 Items (TSK-11). Results: Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed for greater thickness of the left and right hemi-diaphragms at inspiration, as well as higher PImax and decreased NRS, CSI and RMQ scores in the intervention group. After treatment, the increases in the thickness of the left and right hemi-diaphragms at inspiration and PImax, as well as the decrease in the NRS and RMQ scores, were only predicted by the proposed intervention (R2 = 0.118–0.552). Conclusions: An 8-week HAG intervention seemed to show beneficial effects and predicted an increase in diaphragm thickness and strength during inspiration, as well as a reduction in pain intensity, central sensitization and disability, in patients suffering from chronic non-specific LBP with respect to non-intervention.
Improved Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer with an Electronic Nose: A Large Pilot Study
Authors: Bassi PierFrancesco , Di Gianfrancesco Luca , Salmaso Luigi , Ragonese Mauro , Palermo Giuseppe , Sacco Emilio , Giancristofaro Rosa Arboretti , Ceccato Riccardo , Racioppi Marco
Published: October 2021

Background: Bladder cancer (BCa) emits specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the urine headspace that can be detected by an electronic nose. The diagnostic performance of an electronic nose in detecting BCa was investigated in a pilot study. Methods: A prospective, single-center, controlled, non-randomized, phase 2 study was carried out on 198 consecutive subjects (102 with proven BCa, 96 controls). Urine samples were evaluated with an electronic nose provided with 32 volatile gas analyzer sensors. The tests were repeated at least two times per sample. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and variability were evaluated using mainly the non-parametric combination method, permutation tests, and discriminant analysis classification. Results: Statistically significant differences between BCa patients and controls were reported by 28 (87.5%) of the 32 sensors. The overall discriminatory power, sensitivity, and specificity were 78.8%, 74.1%, and 76%, respectively; 13/96 (13.5%) controls and 29/102 (28.4%) BCa patients were misclassified as false positive and false negative, respectively. Where the most efficient sensors were selected, the sensitivity and specificity increased up to 91.1% (72.5–100) and 89.1% (81–95.8), respectively. None of the tumor characteristics represented independent predictors of device responsiveness. Conclusions: The electronic nose might represent a potentially reliable, quick, accurate, and cost-effective tool for non-invasive BCa diagnosis.
Predictive Value of Baseline [18F]FDG PET/CT for Response to Systemic Therapy in Patients with Advanced Melanoma
Authors: Liberini Virginia , Rubatto Marco , Mimmo Riccardo , Passera Roberto , Ceci Francesco , Fava Paolo , Tonella Luca , Polverari Giulia , Lesca Adriana , Bellò Marilena , Arena Vincenzo , Ribero Simone , Quaglino Pietro , Deandreis Désirée
Published: October 2021

Background/Aim: To evaluate the association between baseline [18F]FDG-PET/CT tumor burden parameters and disease progression rate after first-line target therapy or immunotherapy in advanced melanoma patients. Materials and Methods: Forty four melanoma patients, who underwent [18F]FDG-PET/CT before first-line target therapy (28/44) or immunotherapy (16/44), were retrospectively analyzed. Whole-body and per-district metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were calculated. Therapy response was assessed according to RECIST 1.1 on CT scan at 3 (early) and 12 (late) months. PET parameters were compared using the Mann–Whitney test. Optimal cut-offs for predicting progression were defined using the ROC curve. PFS and OS were studied using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Results: Median (IQR) MTVwb and TLGwb were 13.1 mL and 72.4, respectively. Non-responder patients were 38/44, 26/28 and 12/16 at early evaluation, and 33/44, 21/28 and 12/16 at late evaluation in the whole-cohort, target, and immunotherapy subgroup, respectively. At late evaluation, MTVbone and TLGbone were higher in non-responders compared to responder patients (all p < 0.037) in the whole-cohort and target subgroup and MTVwb and TLGwb (all p < 0.022) in target subgroup. No significant differences were found for the immunotherapy subgroup. No metabolic parameters were able to predict PFS. Controversially, MTVlfn, TLGlfn, MTVsoft + lfn, TLGsoft + lfn, MTVwb and TLGwb were significantly associated (all p < 0.05) with OS in both the whole-cohort and target therapy subgroup. Conclusions: Higher values of whole-body and bone metabolic parameters were correlated with poorer outcome, while higher values of whole-body, lymph node and soft tissue metabolic parameters were correlated with OS.
New Approach to the Old Challenge of Free Flap Monitoring—Hyperspectral Imaging Outperforms Clinical Assessment by Earlier Detection of Perfusion Failure
Authors: Thiem Daniel G. E. , Römer Paul , Blatt Sebastian , Al-Nawas Bilal , Kämmerer Peer W.
Published: October 2021

In reconstructive surgery, free flap failure, especially in complex osteocutaneous reconstructions, represents a significant clinical burden. Therefore, the aim of the presented study was to assess hyperspectral imaging (HSI) for monitoring of free flaps compared to clinical monitoring. In a prospective, non-randomized clinical study, patients with free flap reconstruction of the oro-maxillofacial-complex were included. Monitoring was assessed clinically and by using hyperspectral imaging (TIVITA™ Tissue-System, DiaspectiveVision GmbH, Pepelow, Germany) to determine tissue-oxygen-saturation [StO2], near-infrared-perfusion-index [NPI], distribution of haemoglobin [THI] and water [TWI], and variance to an adjacent reference area (Δreference). A total of 54 primary and 11 secondary reconstructions were performed including fasciocutaneous and osteocutaneous flaps. Re-exploration was performed in 19 cases. A total of seven complete flap failures occurred, resulting in a 63% salvage rate. Mean time from flap inset to decision making for re-exploration based on clinical assessment was 23.1 ± 21.9 vs. 18.2 ± 19.4 h by the appearance of hyperspectral criteria indicating impaired perfusion (StO2 ≤ 32% OR StO2Δreference > −38% OR NPI ≤ 32.9 OR NPIΔreference ≥ −13.4%) resulting in a difference of 4.8 ± 5 h (p < 0.001). HSI seems able to detect perfusion compromise significantly earlier than clinical monitoring. These findings provide an interpretation aid for clinicians to simplify postoperative flap monitoring.
Applying Social Networks in the Management of Sustainable Tourist Destinations: An Analysis of Spanish Tourist Destinations
Authors: Elizondo Saltos Adolfo , Flores-Ruiz David , Barroso González María de la O
Published: October 2021

In this study, the presence and management of the social networks of 78 tourist destinations were analyzed for the development of sustainable tourism, with particular attention being paid to Spanish smart destinations. The variables for the empirical analysis were determined from a literature review, and it was concluded from a descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and an analysis of variance, that although the presence of tourist destinations on the internet and on social networks was notable, their management was inadequate for the development of sustainable tourist destinations. It was shown that there is a direct relationship between the number of visitors at a tourist destination and its presence on social networks. However, our analyses found that this correlation was not related to social network management; a greater number of visitors were not related to the effective management of social networks. It was concluded that smart destinations, despite having a technological advantage, did not stand out for their presence and management on social networks. The manuscript ends with some recommendations for the future
The Impact of Dehydration and Hyperthermia on Circulatory Glutathione Metabolism after Exercise in the Heat with Insights into the Role of Erythrocytes
Authors: de Melo-Marins Denise , Farinha Juliano Boufleur , Boeno Franccesco Pinto , Vieira Alexandra Ferreira , Munhoz Samuel Vargas , dos Santos Gabriela Cristina , Krause Mauricio , Laitano Orlando , Reischak-Oliveira Alvaro
Published: October 2021

Background: Reduced glutathione (GSH) is one of the main thiols involved in antioxidant defense. Changes in circulatory levels of GSH during exercise are associated with hyperthermia and dehydration. The mechanisms by which these alterations occur are not entirely known. We hypothesize that erythrocytes could be an important source of circulatory GSH during heat stress conditions. We performed two separate experiments to address this hypothesis. Methods: In the first experiment, we sought to investigate the impact of exercise in the heat and dehydration on erythrocyte levels of GSH. A total of 10 men performed 60 min of cycling at 60% VO2peak in the heat (38.0 ± 0.9 °C) or in a control temperate environment (23.0 ± 1.0 °C), both with and without dehydration. Relative humidity ranged from 50 to 70%. Blood samples were taken before and after exercise to measure GSH and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione. In the second experiment, erythrocytes were isolated from blood samples taken at rest and heated in vitro to determine the impact of heat on erythrocyte glutathione content. Tubes with erythrocytes were exposed to water baths at different temperatures; one tube was exposed to a water bath at 35 °C and the other tube to a water bath at 41 °C for a period of 30 min. After exposure to heat, plasma and erythrocytes were extracted for GSH and GSSG analyses. Results: Dehydration decreased circulatory GSH, regardless of ambient temperature (temperate and heat decreased 15.35% and 30.31%, respectively), resulting in an altered redox balance. Heat increased GSH levels in vitro. Conclusion: Our data suggest that dehydration decreases circulatory GSH levels regardless of environmental temperature. In addition, in vitro data suggests that erythrocytes may contribute to the release of GSH during exposure to heat stress.
Comparative Analysis of Computer-Aided Diagnosis and Computer-Assisted Subjective Assessment in Thyroid Ultrasound
Authors: Chambara Nonhlanhla , Liu Shirley Yuk Wah , Lo Xina , Ying Michael
Published: October 2021

The value of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) and computer-assisted techniques equipped with different TIRADS remains ambiguous. Parallel diagnosis performances of computer-assisted subjective assessments and CAD were compared based on AACE, ATA, EU, and KSThR TIRADS. CAD software computed the diagnosis of 162 thyroid nodule sonograms. Two raters (R1 and R2) independently rated the sonographic features of the nodules using an online risk calculator while blinded to pathology results. Diagnostic efficiency measures were calculated based on the final pathology results. R1 had higher diagnostic performance outcomes than CAD with similarities between KSThR (SEN: 90.3% vs. 83.9%, p = 0.57; SPEC: 46% vs. 51%, p = 0.21; AUROC: 0.76 vs. 0.67, p = 0.02), and EU (SEN: 85.5% vs. 79%, p = 0.82; SPEC: 62% vs. 55%, p = 0.27; AUROC: 0.74 vs. 0.67, p = 0.06). Similarly, R2 had higher AUROC and specificity but lower sensitivity than CAD (KSThR-AUROC: 0.74 vs. 0.67, p = 0.13; SPEC: 61% vs. 46%, p = 0.02 and SEN: 75.8% vs. 83.9%, p = 0.31, and EU-AUROC: 0.69 vs. 0.67, p = 0.57, SPEC: 64% vs. 55%, p = 0.19, and SEN: 71% vs. 79%, p = 0.51, respectively). CAD had higher sensitivity but lower specificity than both R1 and R2 with AACE for 114 specified nodules (SEN: 92.5% vs. 88.7%, p = 0.50; 92.5% vs. 79.3%, p = 0.02, and SPEC: 26.2% vs. 54.1%, p = 0.001; 26.2% vs. 62.3%, p < 0.001, respectively). All diagnostic performance outcomes were comparable for ATA with 96 specified nodules. Computer-assisted subjective interpretation using KSThR is more ideal for ruling out papillary thyroid carcinomas than CAD. Future larger multi-center and multi-rater prospective studies with a diverse representation of thyroid cancers are necessary to validate these findings.
Advances in Phenazines over the Past Decade: Review of Their Pharmacological Activities, Mechanisms of Action, Biosynthetic Pathways and Synthetic Strategies
Authors: Yan Junjie , Liu Weiwei , Cai Jiatong , Wang Yiming , Li Dahong , Hua Huiming , Cao Hao
Published: October 2021

Phenazines are a large group of nitrogen-containing heterocycles, providing diverse chemical structures and various biological activities. Natural phenazines are mainly isolated from marine and terrestrial microorganisms. So far, more than 100 different natural compounds and over 6000 synthetic derivatives have been found and investigated. Many phenazines show great pharmacological activity in various fields, such as antimicrobial, antiparasitic, neuroprotective, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity. Researchers continued to investigate these compounds and hope to develop them as medicines. Cimmino et al. published a significant review about anticancer activity of phenazines, containing articles from 2000 to 2011. Here, we mainly summarize articles from 2012 to 2021. According to sources of compounds, phenazines were categorized into natural phenazines and synthetic phenazine derivatives in this review. Their pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action, biosynthetic pathways and synthetic strategies were summarized. These may provide guidance for the investigation on phenazines in the future.
Strengthening Mechanisms of Aluminum Matrix Nanocomposites Reinforced with CNTs Produced by Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Carneiro Íris , Fernandes José Valdemar , Simões Sónia
Published: October 2021

The present work aims to investigate the strengthening mechanisms in aluminum matrix nanocomposites reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs). A classical powder metallurgy route produced Al-CNT nanocomposites using ultrasonication and ball milling as dispersion/mixture techniques. The microstructural characterization is crucial for this study to reach the objective, being performed mainly by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM). Uniform dispersion without damaging the CNTs structure is the key for the nanocomposite by powder metallurgy production process. The reinforcement effect occurs due to several strengthening mechanisms that act simultaneously. For the Al-CNT nanocomposites produced by ultrasonication as a dispersion/mixture technique, the observed improvement in the mechanical properties of nanocomposites can be attributed to the load transfer from the matrix to the CNTs. The strain hardening and the second-phase hardening can also have a small contribution to the strengthening of the nanocomposites.
Cadmium Recovery from Spent Ni-Cd Batteries: A Brief Review
Authors: Blumbergs Ervins , Serga Vera , Platacis Ernests , Maiorov Michail , Shishkin Andrei
Published: October 2021

The significant increase in the demand for efficient electric energy storage during the past decade has promoted an increase in the production and use of Cd-containing batteries. On the one hand, the amount of toxic Cd-containing used batteries is growing, while on the other hand, Cd is on a list of critical raw materials (for Europe). Both of these factors call for the development of effective technology for Cd recovery from spent batteries. The present paper is aimed at providing a short review of the recent progress in Cd recovery from spent batteries. Statistical data from the past decade on the source of Cd, its global production, and Ni-Cd battery recycling are given in the introduction. A short overview of the pyro-and hydro-metallurgical methods of metal production is provided. Recent progress in Cd recovery by commercial methods during the past decade is reviewed.
Regularities of the Formation of a Green Superhydrophobic Protective Coating on an Aluminum Alloy after Surface Modification with Stearic Acid Solutions
Authors: Abrashov Aleksey , Grigoryan Nelya , Korshak Yuri , Vagramyan Tigran , Grafov Oleg , Mezhuev Yaroslav
Published: October 2021

It has been shown that solutions of stearic acid in a dimethyl sulfoxide–water binary mixture allow superhydrophobic protective coatings to be created on an aluminum alloy surface with a minimum impact on the environment. The superhydrophobicity and self-cleaning ability of the coating that we developed have been confirmed by measurements of droplet wetting angles and roll-off angles. These properties appear due to the formation of a multimodal micro-rough surface that mainly consists of aluminum stearate. The coatings formed in this manner have been studied by ellipsometry, XPS, and scanning probe microscopy. Their protective ability has been estimated by the “droplet-express” method and in a salt fog chamber. The protective ability of the coating is determined by the DMSO/H2O ratio, the concentration of stearic acid, and the duration and temperature of modification of the aluminum alloy; it is controlled by a competition between the processes of aluminum stearate formation and hydrolysis. It has been shown that adsorption of stearic acid on an aluminum stearate coating increases its permeability and decreases its protective capability. The results presented in this article are useful for optimizing the conditions of applying green superhydrophobic stearate coatings on aluminum alloys in order to achieve a maximum protective effect.
Extraction and Encapsulation of Phenolic Compounds of Tunisian Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Extracts in Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles
Authors: Hcini Kheiria , Lozano-Pérez Antonio A. , Luis Cenis José , Quílez María , José Jordán Maria
Published: October 2021

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is known to be an effective potential source of natural antioxidants which confer benefits to human health. Their bioactive properties are mainly due to phenolic compounds but these molecules are highly vulnerable to oxidants, light, heat, pH, water and enzymatic activities. Therefore, the stability and shelf life of phenolic compounds should be increased by being protected from chemical and physical damage by means of encapsulation prior to application. Encapsulation is becoming increasingly important in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics, textile, personal care, chemical, biotechnology, and medicinal industries due to its potential for stabilization and delivery of delicate and precious bioactive compounds. The aim of the present work was to describe the polyphenolic profile of Tunisian Rosemary, collected from two different bioclimatic areas, and further loading in silk fibroin nanoparticles. The loaded nanoparticles were characterized in terms of morphology, size, polydispersity, Z-potential, secondary structure of the protein, encapsulation efficiency, loading content, and antioxidant activity. On one hand, HPLC analysis revealed the presence of 18 polyphenolic compounds of whichcarnosic acid and carnosol were found to be the most abundant compounds (46.3 to 76.4 and 22.4 to 43.5 mg of compound per gram of dry plant weight (mg/g DPW) respectively), Total phenolic content (TPC) ranged from 85.8 to 137.3 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g DPW in post-distilled rosemary extracts andantioxidant activity reached the values of 5.9 to 8.3 µmol of ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/g DPW). On the other hand loaded nanoparticles were almost spherical and presented nanometric size and negative Z-potential. Although the encapsulation efficiency in silk fibroin nanoparticles and the drug loading content were low in the conditions of the assay, the encapsulated polyphenols retained near 85% of the radical scavenging activity against DPPH· after 24 h. of incubation at 37 °C. The results showed that post-distilled rosemary residues had an effective potential as natural antioxidants due to their significant antioxidant activity and seemed to be useful in both pharmaceutical and food industries with beneficial properties that might confer benefits to human health and these silk fibroin nanoparticles loaded with rosemary extracts are thus a promising combination for several applications in food technology or nanomedicine.
Floral Nectar Chemistry in Orchids: A Short Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Brzosko Emilia , Mirski Paweł
Published: October 2021

Nectar is one of the most important flower traits, shaping plant–pollinator interactions and reproductive success. Despite Orchidaceae including numerous nectariferous species, nectar chemistry in this family has been infrequently studied. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compile data about nectar attributes in different orchid species. The scarcity of data restricted analyses to sugar concentration and composition. Our results suggest that the most important factor shaping nectar traits in orchids is the pollinator type, although we also found differentiation of nectar traits according to geographical regions. In spurred orchids, the length of the spur impacted nectar traits. We recommend the development of studies on nectar chemistry in orchids, including a wider range of species (both in taxonomic and geographical contexts), as well as extending the analyses to other nectar components (such as amino acids and secondary metabolites). The nectar biome would be also worth investigating, since it could affect the chemical composition of nectar. This will enrich the understanding of the mechanisms of plants–pollinators interactions.
Revisão de intervenções cognitivas em pacientes com Afasia Progressiva Primária
Authors: Reuwsaat Vieira Karin , Carvalho Ariane Cristina Ramello de , Miotto Eliane Correa
Published: October 2021

Introdução. A afasia progressiva primária (APP) é uma síndrome clínica caracterizada pelo comprometimento da fala e da linguagem decorrente da neurodegeneração das redes neurais. Objetivo. Analisar as técnicas ecológicas de reabilitação neuropsicológica e a sua efetividade no tratamento de indivíduos com APP por meio de uma revisão sistemática de literatura.   Método. Foram selecionados, no PubMed, 42 estudos em pacientes com idade entre 50 e 80 anos  e com diagnóstico APP, usando os descritores Primary Progressive Aphasia/rehabilitation/therapy publicados entre 2014 e 2020. Destes, foram excluídos os estudos de caso e aqueles com tratamentos medicamentosos ou com estimulação transcraniana. Resultados. Cinco publicações foram selecionadas seguindo os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Os estudos construíram a base das técnicas de estimulação da nomeação através da apresentação de imagens com seus respectivos nomes. Estudos avançaram em treinar com variações nas imagens de mesmo conteúdo para analisar a generalização da aprendizagem. Conclusão. Dentre os estudos selecionados pode se observar uma melhora significante nos pacientes de APP, tanto com a generalização como na manutenção. Portanto, a intervenção de nomeação de imagens contribui para proteção ou melhora da função linguística em declínio nesse grupo de pacientes. Entretanto, existem poucos estudos com amostragem randomizada e com grupo controle para avaliar os efeitos de reabilitação neuropsicológica de pacientes com APP.
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Authors: Borba Graziele
Published: October 2021

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Texto de capa
Authors: Pinheiro da Silva Reijane
Published: October 2021

Texto da capa.
School Pantry Cook-Off: An Approach to Educate Youth on Food Insecurity
Authors: Lee Siew Guan , Manker Gretchen , Ghimire Nav , Frost Laura , Buck Julie
Published: October 2021

The “School Pantry: Mystery Food Box Cook-Off” is a program designed to increase awareness of food insecurity among youth and teach strategies to prepare healthy foods on a budget. A pre-and-post survey showed a statistically significant difference in participants’ overall knowledge, skills, and confidence level after the program compared to before the program. Findings revealed a hands-on nutrition education strategy via cook-off could educate youth on food insecurity and increase their knowledge and confidence to make healthy and affordable meals at home. Other Extension educators seeking to address food insecurity and food preparation skills among youth can replicate this program.
Effect of hot-water immersion on eggs and larvae of Anastrepha grandis (Macquart, 1846) (Diptera: Tephritidae) “in vitro” and on squash (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne, 1786)
Authors: Baldo Fernando Berton , Raga Adalton
Published: October 2021

There are risks involved in the production and exportation of fruit fly hosts due to the possible spread of tephritid pests during distribution. Anastrepha grandis attacks cucurbit fruits and is considered an A1 quarantine pest in many countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of hot water treatment on the eggs and larvae of A. grandis in vitro, and on ‘Atlas’ squash (Cucurbita moschata). The eggs and third-instar larvae of A. grandis were exposed to hot water at temperatures of 42.0, 44.0, 46.0, 46.5, 47.0, 47.5, 48.0, 49.0 and 50.0 (± 0.5) °C for durations of 0 (control), 10, 20, 30 and 60 minutes. Water temperatures of at least 44 °C affected the in vitro larval eclosion of A. grandis during all exposure times. No adults were obtained when in vitro A. grandis larvae were treated at 49 °C and 50 °C at all exposure times and, 48 °C for 30 and 60 minutes. No adults were obtained when squashes infested with A. grandis eggs or larvae were treated at temperatures of 49 °C and 50 °C during any exposure time, as well as subjected to 48 °C for 20 minutes. Anastrepha grandis larvae were slightly more susceptible to hydrothermal treatment than eggs in squashes. Hot water treatment applies at a temperature of 48 °C for 20 minutes is an effective phytosanitary treatment for squashes cv. Atlas infested with eggs and larvae of A. grandis.
Pachoteloides haemorrhoidale, comb. nov. para Anobium haemorrhoidale Philippi y Philippi, 1864 (Coleoptera: Ptinidae). Redescripción y aspectos de su biología
Authors: Honour Richard , Lüer Alfredo
Published: October 2021

Se transfiere el Ptinidae Anobium haemorrhoidale Philippi y Philippi, 1864 al género Pachoteloides Viñolas y Honour, 2017. Se redescribe la especie y se entregan antecedentes de distribución y aspectos de su biología.
Utilization of E-Learning in Optimizing Madrasah Al-Quran and Al-Hadith Learning
Authors: Choirul Anam  , Evi Fatimatur Rusydiyah
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the use of madrasah e-learning in optimizing the learning of al-quran hadith for Class VII students of MTsN 1 Bojonegoro. The research design used in this study includes field research. With a qualitative research approach. This research was conducted at MTsN 1 Bojonergoro. Data collection techniques in this study used structured and in-depth interviews regarding optimizing the use of e-learning madrasas in al-quran hadith subjects and data analysis in this study using interactive models, data reduction, drawing conclusions and verification. While the results of this study used madrasah e-learning at MTsN 1 Bojonegoro has been running optimally for implementing distance learning. The problem that occurs in learning using E-learning was on the internet network and the quota must be sufficient for students and teachers because sometimes students and teachers who live in remote areas and did not have internet quotas were very difficult to access. so that quota assistance was needed for students and teachers so that learning using e-learning continues to run optimally.
Psychological Mechanisms of Formation and Prevention of Individual Psychological Maladjustment of the Personali
Authors: Goncharova Natal'ya
Published: October 2021

Relevance. Maladaptive personality behavior is one of the research subjects of deviant behavior, and from the point of view of the social-normative criterion contradicts the tasks of harmonious adaptation of a person. This makes it difficult to perform professional functions, causes industrial conflicts, disorganization of all kinds of activity and crises being an urgent problem of a psychological, social and personal nature. The study of individual psychological mechanisms and criteria for disadaptation makes it possible to determine the psychological mechanisms of its formation and to prevent the negative consequences of maladjustment using a multilevel integral analysis of its different variations.

Objectives. The aim of the article is to establish the actual characteristics of individual psychological maladjustment and to determine the mechanisms of its formation as a condition for prevention.

Research progress. The research specifies the current risks of personality maladjustment associated with the factors of the virtual space, isolation of the individual from the conditions of real interaction, the duration of the pandemic. The analysis of the factors determining individual psychological maladjustment, the stability of the genesis of which is noted in the overwhelming majority of studies is carried out. The study clarifies the concept of the psychological mechanism of the formation of deviant behavior in general and maladjustment in various specific spheres of human activity.

Conclusions. The formation of individual psychological maladjustment of the personality is subject to the action of multilevel universal mechanisms, which are practically not discussed in current empirical works. Further studies will be needed to examine private and general mechanisms of behavior deviating from the norm as well as its consequence, that is the formation of maladaptive individual psychological characteristics. The system of multilevel integral connections being activated in accordance with the principles of consistency, stability and differentiation, acts as a mechanism of individual psychological maladjustment.

To carry out the tasks of preventing individual psychological maladjustment, it is necessary to study the methodology of analyzing causal and teleological relations.
Predicting the deviant behavior of juvenile offenders
Authors: Kirillova Elena , Zueva Evgeniya
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The relevance of the research problem is confirmed by statistics on juvenile delinquency, as well as by legal acts. The problem of predicting the deviant behavior of juvenile offenders is reviewed through description of static and dynamic risk factors for repeated offenses. One of the findings of the study is that it is the personal features that determine deviant behavior, whereas the situational factors play the role of modulators.

A review of the literature sources allows us to conclude that personality traits are related to criminal behavior, which makes it possible to predict the deviant behavior of juvenile offenders.

Aim of the study is to identify the personal characteristics that determine the deviant behavior of juvenile offenders.

Methodology, methods and techniques. The methodological basis of the research is a dispositional approach to the study of personality, which assumes their readiness for a certain behavior, repeated in various situations, formed as a result of the interaction of objective and subjective factors.

Research methods: The following methods were used to conduct the study: the personal questionnaire of G. Eysenck EPQ; the questionnaire of the level of aggressiveness of A. Bass and A. Darkee; the individual typological questionnaire of L. N. Sobchik (ITQ); the personal questionnaire «Mini-cartoon» (abbreviated version of MMPI) in the adaptation of F. B. Berezin and M. P. Miroshnikov; the Freiburg multifactorial personality questionnaire FPI (form B).

Findings of the study: A comparative analysis of the individual psychological characteristics of juvenile offenders and participants of the control group with normative behavior showed multiple statistically significant differences in assessments for 36 variables out of 55 (65.5 %). Discriminant analysis allowed us to determine 8 common features of “deviance-law-abidance”: aggression, hostility, irritability, guilt, psychopathy, neuroticism, introversion, open attitude.

They act as prognostic criteria for deviant behavior of adolescents and discriminate against subjects with a prediction accuracy of 97%.

Scientific novelty of the research consists in enhancing and clarifying awareness of personality traits of deviant adolescents who have committed crimes, as well as predicting deviant behavior.

Practical significance: The patterns and recommendations obtained can be useful in preventive, educational, correctional work, and family counseling. The identified personality traits of deviant behavior can be used as prognostic criteria for identifying deviations at the early stages of socialization of children and adolescents.
Social Connections and Homeless’ People Views on them
Authors: Zlokazov Kirill , Ancheva Ivanina
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The significance of social connections is due to diverse and crucial impact of environment to human life. The study of social connections enables to identify a person’s living standard and wellbeing. Addressing homeless people means better awareness and the opportunity to organize psychological assistance to them as well as to clarify the issue of social ties formation.

The study aims to review the theoretical concept of personal social connections and to analyze the homeless’ subjective views on their state.

The research tasks are to review a social connections structure; to carry out research on the homeless’ social connections and to analyze the characteristics of these ties.

Methodology. The social-subjective approach to social interaction is the key methodology of the study. It enables to form a concept of the homeless’ ties with other people and build the model of their social interaction. The advantage of the approach is the possibility to research the social ties of the homeless, to gather data about the parameters of these connections, to understand how the homeless perceive people around them, the society and themselves.

The main method of the study was the self-report. The survey on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of social connections of the homeless as well as the questionnaire on the key parameters of the person’s interaction with society (getting support from the social environment, self – assessment of the interaction, the impact on social environment) were conducted. The data were processed by descriptive statistics and Kruskal–Wallis H test.

The sample of the study consisted of 197 participants aged 45–50. The majority of the sample (80%) was male. The research procedure. We compared the subjective awareness of social interaction of the homeless and people who have

accommodation.

Our results show the decrease of social impact on the person among the homeless. It is determined by low rapport, poor interpersonal communication, low authority and low reference as well as little value of social environment. The research reveals that the homeless make an improper evaluation of their interaction with social environment. That results in low assessment of social support, underestimation of their own impact on the environment and overestimation of their ability to interact.

Scientific novelty. The findings of the study expand the understanding of the state of homelessness. They reveal socialpsychological characteristics of the homeless interaction with the environment as well as specifies the concept of socialperceptive ideas formed during these interactions with the environment.

Practical significance. This study emphasizes the necessity of forming the homeless social skills, indicates the issues of psychological prevention in counseling and providing social assistance to this category of citizens.
Juvenile and youth crime: current state and prospects
Authors: Gotchina Larisa
Published: October 2021

The official decline in registered crime rates is associated with a high level of its latency, new forms and methods of its commission, «computerization of crime» and an artificial redistribution of public attention to extremist crime and corruption. Russian crime continues to be self-serving, violent, and organized. A factor of its latency is the problem of the young people’s career placing in the job and low pay for their work. The Internet is actively used by «criminal IT specialists» in drug trafficking, deliberately false reports of acts of terrorism; juveniles and young people are chosen as perpetrators of crimes and as victims of crimes. They are also characterized by participation in the organization of prostitution, illegal arms trafficking, and self-serving violent crimes. The family remains both the factor of juvenile and youth crime, and the main subject of its prevention. The adoption of the criminogenic draft law «On the prevention of domestic violence», the legalization of the drug market and the authorization of the use of methadone in Russia are unacceptable. Prevention of crimes committed by juveniles, young people and their families is a priority, it should be based on the developed state ideology. It is based on morality, patriotism, healthy lifestyle, and law-abiding behavior. A return to the priority of international law is essential. This will preserve the system of prevention and suppression of the most dangerous types of crimes using mechanisms of international control and interaction.
Migrants and Metropolis: Criminological Aspect
Authors: Teslenko Alexander
Published: October 2021

The article examines criminological aspects of migration processes undergoing in the capital of Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan. The features of conflictological opportunities among citizens of Nur-Sultan in the context of immigration and crime are analyzed. The study revealed social anxiety associated with the flow of migrantsas well assome criminological features of immigration crime. The article offers a description of immigration crime based onBeck’s theory of the “risk society”. Riskminimization should become the core of the immigration crime prevention system.
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF SYSTEMIC TERBINAFINE AND ITRACONAZOLE IN RECALCITRANT TINEA CRURIS
Authors: Sharma Vasudha , Singh Navyug Raj , Kaur Tejinder , Grover Inderpal Singh
Published: October 2021

Background: The prevalence of recalcitrant tinea is increasing despite available treatment options. Itraconazole and terbinane are the most commonly prescribed agents for tinea. The relative efcacy of both the drugs is under focus and no standard guidelines exist for the recalcitrant tinea. Objective:To compare their relative efcacy and safety of itraconazole and terbinane in recalcitrant tinea cruris patients. Methods: A prospective, randomized, open label study recruited 100 recalcitrant tinea cruris patients of 18-65 years age at dermatology OPD at GNDH hospital, Amritsar, India after obtaining Institutional Ethics Committee approval. Patients who consented for study and follow up were included. Impaired hepatic/ renal function, secondary bacterial infections or deep mycoses patients were excluded. After randomization, group Acomprised of 50 patients who were put on capsule itraconazole 100 mg BD and group B of 50 patients on tablet terbinane 250 mg OD for eight weeks. The treatment response was assessed as Complete cure, Treatment failure based on clinical (PGAScore) and mycological (KOH Smear) prole. Results: Itraconazole resulted in complete cure in 28 patients whereas terbinane cured 14 patients completely (p <0.05). Treatment failure were observed as 1 and 8 (itraconazole and terbinane respectively, p < 0.05). Both drugs had comparable safety prole with no serious adverse effects. Limitations of the study were short duration, small sample size and non-blinding. Conclusion:Itraconazole seems relatively more efcacious than terbinane in the treatment recalcitrant tinea cruris cases
PREVALENCE AND PATTERN OF RETINOPATHY IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN NMCH PATNA
Authors: Prasad Dhananjay , Kumar Sumit , Kumar Tiwary Rajesh
Published: October 2021

Present study attempts a methodical evaluation of retinopathy in newly diagnosed type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the population group of Patna and adjoining areas in Bihar. Nalanda Medical College Hospital Patna is a tertiary centre rendering services to Patna district as well as some of the neighboring district. Therefore, an approach is made here to study the prevalence of retinopathy in newly diagnosed type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patient in this population group.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF OPEN AND LAPAROSCOPIC INCISIONAL HERNIA REPAIR WITH RESPECT TO PERI-OPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS AND POST – OPERATIVE MORBIDITY.
Authors: Dewangan Manish , Anil Kurkure Sagar , Marhual Jogesh Chandra , Shah Aditya
Published: October 2021

INTRODUCTION: Incisional hernia, a failure of the abdominal wall fascia to heal, is a common postoperative complication following
abdominal surgery with an incidence varying between 2% and 50%. Incisional hernia entails signicant morbidity and discomfort resulting in
disturbances in day to day activities. In spite of various available techniques available to surgeon, these hernias recur leading the surgeon to search
for an ideal procedure of their repair with preferably zero or universally acceptable minimal recurrence rate. Laparoscopic incisional hernia repair,
controversy has endured despite of numerous studies and data suggesting success of laparoscopic incisional hernia repair. However, there is
relative lack of evidence to support adoption of laparoscopic repair as standard technique in regard to post operative morbidity and cost
effectiveness.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: To compare open and laparoscopic incisional hernia repair technique with respect to the post-operative complications
and perioperative morbidity.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is prospective, observational, comparative study, comparing patients who underwent laparoscopic
incisional hernia and open incisional hernia repair during study period of November 2015 to August 2017 in Department of General Surgery, J.L.N.
Hospital and Research centre, Bhilai.
STATISTICAL METHOD: Data is analyse using percentages , mean and standard deviation. Continuous variable analysed by Unpaired T-test.
Categorical data analyzed using chi square test or Fisher exact test.
CONCLUSION: In our study laparoscopic incisinal hernia repair has more favourable outcome in terms of less hospital stay, shorter duration of
surgery, less post-operative pain, early to resume daily activity and lesser wound related complications.