bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synergistic combination of ceftazidime and avibactam with Aztreonam against MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae in ICU patients
Authors: Khattab Sally , Askar Aya Mohamed , Abdellatif Hidi A. A. , Othman Amira A. A. , Rayan Amal H. , Azab Hasnaa
Published: February 2025

The proliferation of multidrug-resistant, metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (MBL-producing K. pneumoniae) poses a major threat to public health resulting in increasing treatment costs, prolonged hospitalization, and mortality rate. Treating such bacteria presents substantial hurdles for clinicians. The combination of Aztreonam (ATM) and ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI) is likely the most successful approach. The study evaluated the in vitro activity of CAZ/AVI in combination with ATM against MBL-producing K. pneumoniae clinical isolates collected from Suez Canal University Hospital patients. Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae were isolated and identified from different specimens. The presence of metallo-β-lactamases was detected phenotypically by modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) and EDTA-CIM (eCIM) testing, and genotypically for the three metallo-β-lactamase genes: blaNDM, blaIMP, and blaVIM by conventional PCR method. The synergistic effect of CAZ/AVI with ATM against MBL-producing K. pneumoniae was detected by ceftazidime-avibactam combination disks and E-test for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Out of the 65 K. pneumoniae isolates recovered, 60% (39/65) were carbapenem-resistant (CRKP). According to the mCIM and eCIM tests, 89.7% (35/39) of CRKP isolates were carbapenemase-positive, and 68.6% (24/35) were metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-positive. By using the conventional PCR, at least one of the MBL genes was present in each metallo-bata-lactamase-producing isolate: 8.3% carried the blaVIM gene, 66.7% the blaNDM, and 91.7% the blaIMP gene. After doing the disk combination method for ceftazidime-avibactam plus Aztreonam, 62.5% of the isolates shifted from resistance to sensitivity. Also, ceftazidime/avibactam plus Aztreonam resistance was reduced markedly among CRKP using the E-test. The addition of Aztreonam to ceftazidime/avibactam is an effective therapeutic option against MBL-producing K. pneumoniae.

Clinical Trials Registry: Pan African Clinical Trials Registry. Trial No.: PACTR202410744344899. Trial URL: https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=32000
Impact of truck electrification on air pollution disparities in the United States
Authors: McNeil Wilson H. , Porzio Jason , Tong Fan , Harley Robert A. , Auffhammer Maximilian , Scown Corinne D.
Published: February 2025

Electrifying heavy-duty trucks reduces on-road diesel emissions but shifts the burden of supplying energy to power-generation facilities. The combined effect of Inflation Reduction Act investments in grid decarbonization and truck electrification will alter the magnitude and distribution of air pollution burdens across the United States. These investments are intended to facilitate a just energy transition, with 40% of the benefits flowing to disadvantaged communities per the Justice40 Initiative. Here we evaluate the combined effects of Inflation Reduction Act grid decarbonization and truck electrification investments on a national scale to determine whether the air pollution benefits would meet this 40% goal for both disadvantaged communities and the most exposed racial–ethnic groups. We find that truck electrification and decarbonization reduce air-pollution-related premature mortality in disadvantaged communities. However, the relative disparity between disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged communities increases, suggesting that a disproportionate share of benefits accrue to non-disadvantaged communities. Whereas absolute disparity in grid emissions decreases over time for all racial–ethnic groups, relative disparity remains largely unchanged, with Black populations being the most exposed. Electrifying drayage corridors would result in comparatively large health benefits for disadvantaged communities, suggesting that increasing targeted electrification investments in short-haul routes near urban areas (for example, ports) could be promising.
Machine learning map of climate policy literature reveals disparities between scientific attention, policy density, and emissions
Authors: Callaghan Max , Banisch Lucy , Doebbeling-Hildebrandt Niklas , Edmondson Duncan , Flachsland Christian , Lamb William F. , Levi Sebastian , Müller-Hansen Finn , Posada Eduardo , Vasudevan Shraddha , Minx Jan C.
Published: February 2025

Current climate mitigation policies are not sufficient to meet the Paris temperature target, and ramping up efforts will require rapid learning from the scientific literature on climate policies. This literature is vast and widely dispersed, as well as hard to define and categorise, hampering systematic efforts to learn from it. We use a machine learning pipeline using transformer-based language models to systematically map the relevant scientific literature on climate policies at scale and in real-time. Our “living systematic map” of climate policy research features a set of 84,990 papers, and classifies each of them by policy instrument type, sector, and geography. We explore how the distribution of these papers varies across countries, and compare this to the distribution of emissions and enacted climate policies. Results suggests a potential stark under-representation of industry sector policies, as well as diverging attention between science and policy with respect to economic and regulatory instruments.
Functional crystalline porous framework materials based on supramolecular macrocycles
Authors: Wu Yitao , Tang Meiqi , Barsoum Michael L. , Chen Zhijie , Huang Feihe
Published: February 2025

Here we summarize the progress of developing crystalline porous framework materials with supramolecular macrocycles for their applications in the solid state, guiding the readers through their future chemistry, applications and commercialization.
Modulation of biomaterial-induced foreign body response by regulating the differentiation and migration of Treg cells through the CXCL12–CXCR4/7 axis
Authors: Yu Siyi , You Yuan , Liu Lan , Cai Xinjie , Huang Cui
Published: February 2025

Regulating the expression of CXCR4/7 on T cells can regulate the FBR by influencing the migration and differentiation of Treg cells.
Revealing the microstructure and mechanism of layered oxide cathodes for sodium-ion batteries by advanced TEM techniques
Authors: Xu Sheng , Zhao Lihua , Li Shukui , Guo Shaohua
Published: February 2025

This review provides insight into the TEM applications for studying layered oxides for SIBs, and broadens their potential for future advancements.
Development of hydrophobic catalysts for reducing the CO2 emission during the conversion of syngas into chemicals and fuels
Authors: Xu Yanfei , Ding Mingyue
Published: February 2025

This review systematically summarizes the research progress of hydrophobic catalysts for weakening the negative effect of water molecules on syngas conversion.
The effect of nanoparticle size on calendar and cycle lifetimes of silicon anode lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Preimesberger Juliane I. , Usseglio-Viretta Francois L. E. , Verma Ankit , Singh Avtar , Colclasure Andrew M. , Walker Patrick , Teeter Glenn , Pach Gregory F. , Westgard John , Urias-Cordero Fernando , Neale Nathan R. , Coyle Jaclyn E. , Carroll G. Michael
Published: February 2025

Silicon anodes offer high energy density but face challenges like volume expansion and reactivity. This study shows ultra-small nanoparticles (∼6 nm) improve cycle life without reducing calendar life, as dense electrodes limit exposed surface area.
Arsenic source-sink dynamics under phosphorus competition in sediments from river–lake connected systems
Authors: Chang Yongsheng , Shuhang Wang , Che Feifei , Dong Xiaoshuang , Yang Xixi , Chen Haojie , Huang Wei
Published: February 2025

Multiple factors in the river–lake connected system can affect the transport and transformation of arsenic (As) in sediments.
Nutrient-rich puffed snacks developed using blended flours and lignin Pickering emulsions containing curcumin and vitamin D3
Authors: Abraham Billu , Shakeela Heeba , Ajayan Pavithra Pathrakadavil , Brennan Charles , Mantri Nitin , Adhikari Benu , P. Nisha
Published: February 2025

Extruded puffed snacks formulated using a blend of spent coconut, pearl millet flour, and corn grits, enriched with curcumin and vitamin D3 encapsulated in nano-lignin Pickering emulsions.
Solid-phase synthesis of titanium-oxo clusters and their unprecedented catalytic performance in oxidative desulfurization of fuel oil
Authors: Liu Xinchun , Yuan Yanpeng , Fu Jiawei , Kong Yuqing , Sun Yinyong , Li Xiaolin , Qu Nan
Published: February 2025

In this work, a series of titanium-oxo clusters were successfully prepared by the solid-phase method. Ti6tbbz10 clusters with binuclear titanium sites exhibited unprecedented catalytic activity in the oxidation reaction of DBT.
Developing a soluble inducer for robust production of cellulases by Trichoderma reesei through submerged fermentation
Authors: Huang Xiao-Yan , Deng Lin , Zhang Xue , Zhao Xin-Qing , Liu Chen-Guang , Bai Feng-Wu
Published: February 2025

A novel inducer, ACSM, was developed for cellulases production with Trichoderma reesei, offering greater cost-effectiveness than lactose and microcrystalline cellulose.
Soft, wearable, microfluidic system for fluorometric analysis of loss of amino acids through eccrine sweat
Authors: Cho Seunghee H. , Cho Soongwon , Lv Zengyao , Sekine Yurina , Liu Shanliangzi , Zhou Mingyu , Nuxoll Ravi F. , Kanatzidis Evangelos E. , Ghaffari Roozbeh , Kim Donghwan , Huang Yonggang , Rogers John A.
Published: February 2025

Quantitative analysis of amino acid loss in sweat during exercise using a smartphone-enabled, microfluidic platform.
Solid-supported polymer–lipid hybrid membrane for bioelectrochemistry of a membrane redox enzyme
Authors: Catania Rosa , Heath George R. , Rappolt Michael , Muench Stephen P. , Beales Paul A. , Jeuken Lars J. C.
Published: February 2025

Solid-supported polymer–lipid hybrid membranes (SSHM) on gold electrodes, modified with mixed SAMs of 6-mercapto-1-hexanol and 1-hexanethiol at a 1 : 1 ratio, display oxidoreductase activity of the co-imbedded cytochrome bo3.
AlbiCDN: albumin-binding amphiphilic STING agonists augment the immune activity for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Zhuo Shao-Hua , Chen Xi , Zhao Lang , Wang Tian-Yang , Su Jing-Yun , Yang Tao , Yang Lijun , Dong Fei , Zhao Yu-Fen , Li Yan-Mei
Published: February 2025

A novel platform for delivering STING agonists through utilizing albumin hitchhiking without relying on any exogenous components.
Recent advances in lead-free carbon supported perovskites based on Z-scheme and S-scheme heterojunctions for photocatalytic energy conversion
Authors: Soni Ritika , Soni Vatika , Lokhande P. E. , Kumar Deepak , Mubarak Nabisab Mujawar , Praveenkumar Seepana , Kumar Raj , Singh Kulwinder , Rednam Udayabhaskar , Aepuru Radhamanohar , Shanmugaraj Krishnamoorthy
Published: February 2025

Photocatalysis has emerged as a crucial technology for utilizing solar energy to combat global warming and energy shortages.
Structurally engineered heat loss suppression in nanogap-aligned nanowires for power efficient heating
Authors: Jo Min-Seung , Kim Beom-Jun , Chung Myung-Kun , Jung Se-Yoon , Seo Min-Ho , Yoo Jae-Young , Yang Jae-Soon , Kim Sung-Ho , Yoon Jun-Bo
Published: February 2025

A method for designing nanoscale heating structures effectively addresses both thermal conduction and convective heat loss. Nanowire-based heaters demonstrate superior efficiency over traditional thin-film heaters under atmospheric conditions.
11-Electron transfer vanadium diboride employed as an anode of air batteries: status, progress, and challenges
Authors: Yao Mingxue , Li Nana , Wang Meng , Gu Di , Yuan Dandan , Wang Baohui
Published: February 2025

Metal–air batteries have garnered significant research interest due to their superior energy density compared to advanced lithium-ion batteries.
Pyrrolic N-doped carbon materials for the electrosynthesis of H2O2 through the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Yu Wenhui , Fei Chuanqi , Wang Jingyi , Tian Ruifen , Wang Yinling
Published: February 2025

Single pyrrolic N-doped carbon materials were synthesized by a two-step pyrolysis method, exhibiting excellent catalytic activity and selectivity toward the 2-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2-e ORR) in a neutral medium.
Direct access to acylated quinoxalin-2(1H)-one N-oxides enabled by the Cu(i)/TBHP system
Authors: Xu Jianxiong , Gong Xue , Wu Zhirui , Huang Weimin , Li Jizhen
Published: February 2025

One novel straight approach to acylated quinoxalin-2(1H)-one N-oxides was achieved with arylaldehydes using the Cu(i)/TBHP system. The dual functional cross-coupling reaction underwent a free radical relay process.
Self-assembled single-crystalline hydrogen-bonded frameworks: a potential metal-free molecule towards proton conductivity and electrochemical detection of organic and inorganic pollutants
Authors: Maheswari Ganesan , Elancheziyan Mari , Harathi Jonnagaddala , Raji Atchudan , Ashamary Francis , Mahaan Ramalingam , Kalambate Pramod K. , Lee Hon Man , Rosenkranz Andreas , Manoj Devaraj
Published: February 2025

Single crystalline hydrogen bonded frameworks was obtained via self-assembly of 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid and 2,6-di(1H-imidazol-yl)pyridine.
Temperature and steric hindrance-regulated selective synthesis of ketamine derivatives and 2-aryl-cycloketone-1-carboxamides via nucleophilic substitution and Favorskii rearrangement
Authors: Zhai Haojiang , Li Penghui , Wang Hongshuang , Wang Xiaohui
Published: February 2025

A temperature or steric hindrance-regulated nucleophilic substitution/Favorskii rearrangement reaction of 2-bromo-2-aryl-cycloketones with amines has been developed, being used to prepare ketamine derivatives and 2-aryl-cycloketone-1-carboxamides.
Chain folding of carbazole-donor containing polymers via a two-point interaction with naphthalene monoimide-based acceptors
Authors: Gayen Arun Kumar , Ramakrishnan S.
Published: February 2025

Linear polymers carrying electron-rich carbazole donors linked by flexible oligooxyethylene segments formed a pleated conformation by interacting with an electron-deficient dinitro-naphthalene monoimide acceptor carrying an ammonium perchlorate unit.
β-LaTeBO5 and RETeBO5 (RE = Y, Gd, Tb): explorations of new optical materials in the RE(iii)–Te(iv)–B–O system
Authors: Chen Peng-Fei , Hu Chun-Li , Zhang Ming-Zhi , Mao Jiang-Gao
Published: February 2025

Four novel crystals of the RE(iii)–Te(iv)–B–O system (β-LaTeBO5 and RETeBO5 (RE = Y, Gd, Tb)) have been obtained, which exhibit wide transparency (0.4–6.5 μm), large birefringence and high thermal stability.
Metal contamination – a global environmental issue: sources, implications & advances in mitigation
Authors: Ondrasek Gabrijel , Shepherd Jonti , Rathod Santosha , Dharavath Ramesh , Rashid Muhammad Imtiaz , Brtnicky Martin , Shahid Muhammad Shafiq , Horvatinec Jelena , Rengel Zed
Published: February 2025

Sources of metal contamination, metal transfer pathways, and remediation approaches.
Engineering live cell surfaces with polyphenol-functionalized nanoarchitectures
Authors: He Yunxiang , Liu Qinling , He Yuanmeng , Deng Siqi , Guo Junling
Published: February 2025

Polyphenol-functionalized nanoarchitectures (cytoPNAs) provide a modular and cell independent strategy to create biohybrids for cell engineering, with improved production for biomanufacturing and enhanced efficacy for cell-based therapies.
Dual-responsive polydopamine-embellished Zn-MOFs enabling synergistic photothermal and antibacterial metal ion therapy for oral biofilm eradication
Authors: Pan Ge , Zheng Jinyao , Li Zongjia , Duan Qian , Zhang Miaomiao , Wang Dapeng
Published: February 2025

This study introduces a simple, safe antibacterial strategy using polydopamine-coated Zn-MOF nanoparticles (ZIF-8@PDA NPs) to eradicate oral biofilms via synergistic photothermal and metal ion therapy.
Two-dimensional nanomaterials as lubricant additives: the state-of-the-art and future prospects
Authors: Jiang Zhengquan , Wu Jiahao , Yu Laigui , Bi Jinglei , Wang Yadong , Hu Xiaoyi , Zhang Yujuan , Li Weihua
Published: February 2025

This review explores 2D nanomaterials as lubricant additives, focusing on surface modification, composite methods, and lubrication mechanisms. Key challenges and future research directions are discussed.
The critical role of phase transition and composition regulation in inorganic perovskite electrocaloric materials
Authors: Hou Yuxuan , Li Junjie , Yin Ruowei , Su Xiaopo , Su Yanjing , Qiao Lijie , Zhang Zhiguo , Liu Chuanbao , Bai Yang
Published: February 2025

This article reviews the critical role of phase transition types in the electrocaloric effect and how compositional regulation can achieve an electrocaloric effect with a high peak value over a wide temperature span.
Emerging microfluidic technologies for CRISPR-based diagnostics: an overview
Authors: Nafian Fatemeh , Esfahani Kimia Sadat , Hobabi Aghmiuni Mina , Khoushab Saloomeh , Illeslamllo Tina , Nafian Simin , Mohamadiyan Negin , Aleyasin Narges Sadat , Kamali Doust Azad Babak
Published: February 2025

This review explores emerging CRISPR-microfluidic platforms enhancing precision, speed, and portability for point-of-care diagnostics. Innovations like SHINE, CARMEN, ITP, DNAiTECH, Dμchip, FAST, and MAPnavi highlight their potential.
Stereospecific access to α-haloalkyl esters via enol ester epoxides and synthesis of a C3–C21 fragment of bastimolide A
Authors: Howell Lucas W. , Hackbarth Jacob N. , Abraham Jeffrey S. , Friestad Gregory K.
Published: February 2025

We report an asymmetric catalysis method to access 1-haloalkyl esters in three steps from alkynes, with an application to synthesis of a C3–C21 fragment of bastimolides A and B, antimalarial macrocyclic polyketides.
Self-driving laboratory platform for many-objective self-optimisation of polymer nanoparticle synthesis with cloud-integrated machine learning and orthogonal online analytics
Authors: Knox Stephen T. , Wu Kai E. , Islam Nazrul , O'Connell Roisin , Pittaway Peter M. , Chingono Kudakwashe E. , Oyekan John , Panoutsos George , Chamberlain Thomas W. , Bourne Richard A. , Warren Nicholas J.
Published: February 2025

A self-driving laboratory, combining automated synthesis, characterisation, and cloud-based AI, was developed to optimise the synthesis of polymer nanoparticles by RAFT dispersion polymerisation.
Appearance consistency and motion coherence learning for internal video inpainting
Authors: Liu Ruixin , Zhu Yuesheng , Luo GuiBo
Published: February 2025

Internal learning‐based video inpainting methods have shown promising results by exploiting the intrinsic properties of the video to fill in the missing region without external dataset supervision. However, existing internal learning‐based video inpainting methods would produce inconsistent structures or blurry textures due to the insufficient utilisation of motion priors within the video sequence. In this paper, the authors propose a new internal learning‐based video inpainting model called appearance consistency and motion coherence network (ACMC‐Net), which can not only learn the recurrence of appearance prior but can also capture motion coherence prior to improve the quality of the inpainting results. In ACMC‐Net, a transformer‐based appearance network is developed to capture global context information within the video frame for representing appearance consistency accurately. Additionally, a novel motion coherence learning scheme is proposed to learn the motion prior in a video sequence effectively. Finally, the learnt internal appearance consistency and motion coherence are implicitly propagated to the missing regions to achieve inpainting well. Extensive experiments conducted on the DAVIS dataset show that the proposed model obtains the superior performance in terms of quantitative measurements and produces more visually plausible results compared with the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
A miniaturized microstrip suppressing cell as an integrated HCC in class F/F−1 power amplifiers for 5G applications
Authors: Shama Farzin
Published: February 2025

This study presents the design and implementation of a miniaturized suppressing cell (MSC) functioning as a low‐pass filter (LPF) utilizing an interdigital shaped resonator. The MSC is engineered to effectively control harmonics in power amplifiers (PAs), particularly in applications for next‐generation 5G systems. The LPF achieves a cut‐off frequency of 2.21 GHz, demonstrating a sharp transition region spanning 0.6 GHz, where the attenuation transitions from −3 to −40 dB. Notably, the filter exhibits an ultra‐extended rejection bandwidth, maintaining at least −20 dB from 2.8 to 29.17 GHz. The measured flat group delay further confirms the excellent passband performance of this LPF, indicating minimal signal distortion. Given the critical role of harmonic control circuits (HCCs) in enhancing the efficiency and linearity of various PA classes, including class‐F and class‐F−1 configuration, the proposed MSC serves as a vital component in HCC designs. This advancement not only contributes to improved performance in PAs but also supports the demands of modern wireless communication systems, reinforcing the MSC's significance in high‐frequency applications.
Improved Gaussian based rapid quantification of scheduling uncertainty considering source‐load extreme scenario enhancement
Authors: Qian Haiya , Chen Shupei , Xu Qingshan , Zang Haixiang , Li Feng
Published: February 2025

Extreme events are typically low‐probability occurrences with limited historical data and a high degree of unpredictability. The inherent conflict between the dispatch rationality in extreme and conventional scenarios, makes it hard for traditional methods to consider both performances. This article introduces a rapid quantification method for evaluating dispatch uncertainty in extreme scenarios within integrated energy systems. The method enhances the speed and precision of energy dispatch predictions by establishing a direct correlation between meteorological data and energy dispatch. The process begins with the collection of extreme scenarios sets. The Maximal Information Coefficient (MIC) is then employed to identify distinctive meteorological characteristics across different sets of extreme scenarios. To compensate for the lack of historical data in these scenarios, the Synthetic Minority Over‐Sampling Technique (SMOTE) is utilized to augment the scenario dataset. Subsequently, the outcomes of the integrated energy system (IES) are calculated as output. Finally, Gaussian Process Quantile Regression (GPR‐Q) is applied to predict dispatch uncertainty in these extreme scenarios. After comparing with existing approaches, this method can innovatively avoid the prediction error of new energy to a certain extent and quickly provide the interval probability distribution of scheduling predictions with richer information. Such results better align with the needs of real dispatch scenarios.
Dynamical modelling of rubble pile asteroids using data-driven techniques
Authors: Fodde I. , Ferrari F.
Published: February 2025

Context. Most asteroids are likely rubble pile asteroids (i.e. aggregates of loosely consolidated material). Their dynamics are hard to model due to their granular nature leading to a complex multi-scale and multi-regime system.

Aims. This paper proposes a new data-driven methodology that aims to provide an analytical dynamical model of rubble pile asteroids using data coming from different numerical simulations. This analytical model will allow for the use of tools from the dynamical systems theory in order to investigate the results of the simulations while also providing more general results outside of what is contained within the training data.

Methods. We use a novel technique called sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics (SINDy) to obtain an analytical model. The data used originate from high-fidelity and numerically complex discrete element simulations that take into account the contact interactions of non-spherical particles and their gravitational forces.

Results. We find a simple analytical model that is accurate across various dynamical regimes. The dynamical model was used to characterise the phase space of the system, and we found that the stable region shrinks as the angular momentum increases. This allows for the determination of the critical angular momentum limit for asteroids with different shapes and bulk densities, and what the dynamical fate is of the asteroid after it reaches this limit.

Conclusions. This work shows that SINDy is capable of modelling the dynamics of rubble pile asteroids, thus allowing for the characterisation of the phase space using techniques from dynamical systems theory such as finite time Lyapunov exponents.
Invasive Amazon sailfin catfish (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) impacts the survivability and growth of native food fishes in India
Authors: Hussan Ajmal , Naik AT Ramachandra , Adhikari Subhendu , Das Arabinda , Hoque Farhana , Sahoo Pramoda Kumar , Sundaray Jitendra Kumar
Published: February 2025

The prevalence of sailfin catfishes (Pterygoplichthys spp.) in inland waters, including vast aquaculture systems of India is rising. This might be a serious threat to the country’s native freshwater biological resources and aquaculture production. Therefore, studies were carried out to evaluate the impact of Amazon sailfin catfish Pterygoplichthys pardalis on different life-stages of native fishes. First, we analyzed the impact of three different size classes (small: 9.95 ± 0.70 cm, medium: 21.74 ± 0.87 cm and large: 30.81 ± 1.59 cm total length) of Amazon sailfin catfish on the survival of early life-stages (eggs, hatchlings, first-feeding fry, and 10-day-old fry) of two native fishes; native carp Labeo rohita (rohu) and native catfish Ompok bimaculatus (butter catfish). All size classes of Amazon sailfin catfish showed preference towards fish eggs over aquatic macro-invertebrates (Tubifex worms) and ingested over 90% of the eggs of both the native species. However, their effects on native species’ mobile life stages (hatchlings forth) were found to be insignificant in terms of mortality. We then assessed the competition between advanced stages (fingerlings, advanced fingerlings, and sub-adult) of the Amazon sailfin catfish and the native fishes by evaluating growth and survival in three different experimental setups (indoor tanks with artificial feeds; outdoor tanks with natural food and artificial feed; and earthen pond with natural food) and in different combinations for a period of three to six months. In indoor experiment, no discernible impact of Amazon sailfin catfish on the growth of fingerlings of native species was found. But, in the outdoor experiment, growth of advanced fingerlings of rohu and butter catfish was decreased by 18.8–23.4% and 28.9–36.7%, respectively, in low- and high-biomass Amazon sailfin catfish treatments. The growth of rohu and butter catfish sub-adult was also reduced in the pond experiment, by 29.7% and 32.2%, respectively. However, impact of Amazon sailfin catfish on survival of native fish species at advanced stages was found minimal. Overall findings of this study indicate that sailfin catfish may have an adverse effect on the survival and growth of native fishes by either directly consuming or destroying native fish eggs or by competing with them for food and space.
Mini-batch descent in semiflows
Authors: Sebastian Hernandez Salinas Martin , Domínguez Corella Alberto
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the application of mini-batch gradient descent to semiflows (gradient flows). Given a loss function (potential), we introduce a continuous version of mini-batch gradient descent by randomly selecting sub-loss functions over time, defining a piecewise flow. We prove that, under suitable assumptions on the potential generating the semiflow, the \textit{mini-batch descent flow} trajectory closely approximates the original semiflow trajectory on average. In addition, we study a randomized minimizing movement scheme that also approximates the semiflow of the full loss function. We illustrate the versatility of this approach across various problems, including constrained optimization, sparse inversion, and domain decomposition. Finally, we validate our results with several numerical examples.
Theoretical investigations on the confinement properties of InAlN/GaN/AlGaN heterostructures employing AlxGa1-xN as back-barrier
Authors: Shi Dingding , Yang Jing , Zhao Jing , Hao Meilan , Li Lirong
Published: February 2025

This study focuses on the InAlN/GaN/AlGaN heterostructures, initiating from polarization energy band tailoring engineering to establish a theoretical model. An AlxGa1-xN back-barrier is introduced to augment the confinement ability of the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in conduction channel, enhance power output, and reduce leakage in the buffer layer. The primary investigation explores the impact of GaN channel layer’s thickness and the Al content x of the AlxGa1-xN back-barrier layer on the confinement properties and sheet density of 2DEG. It also examines the formation mechanisms of two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) and the structural design requirements of back-barrier. Theoretical research indicates that as the x or increases, the confinement properties of the 2DEG significantly improve, provided a certain critical condition is met. Excessive x or induces the formation of 2DHG at the GaN/AlGaN interface. The findings demonstrate that maintaining the below a critical value, given a certain x, can enhance 2DEG confinement properties while suppressing 2DHG formation. This research offers a robust theoretical foundation for the development of GaN-based materials and HEMT device fabrication.
Management of bilateral Eagle's syndrome with pharmacotherapy: a case report
Authors: Garg Ranjana , Veerabhadrappa Suresh Kandagal , Gupta Vivek Vijay , Yadav Seema
Published: February 2025

Eagle's syndrome is a frequently overlooked nosological condition that arises from an elongated styloid process or calcified stylohyoid ligament, resulting in varying degrees of cervicofacial or craniofacial pain. Diagnosis typically relies on a physical examination of the styloid process in the tonsillar fossa, which exacerbates pain during neck movements. Radiographic evaluation should encompass orthopantomography (OPG) and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), revealing styloid elongation exceeding 3 cm. While surgical reduction of the styloid process via intraoral or external approaches remains the cornerstone, some patients benefit from pharmacological interventions. Here, we elucidate the case of a 37-year-old woman experiencing cervicofacial pain exacerbated by neck movements, opting for conservative therapy with gabapentin, amitriptyline, and paracetamol. Her symptoms markedly improved over a three-month follow-up period.
Numerical simulation of hydrogen absorption during continuous annealing of hot dip galvanized steels
Authors: Dieudonné Thomas
Published: February 2025

AHSS grades present a good resistance/formability compromise to produce structural and safety parts for automotive. In order to improve their resistance to corrosion, these steels can be coated with a zinc layer by hot dip galvanization. After cold rolling, the steel strip is annealed under controlled atmosphere and temperature according to a well-defined thermal cycle to obtain the targeted microstructure, then it is immersed in a liquid zinc bath at 460 °C. The annealing performed under reducing atmosphere composed of N2 + 5% H2 induces a significant absorption of atomic hydrogen in the bulk. At the exit of the galvanizing bath, the zinc layer in surface of the strip constitutes a barrier to the hydrogen desorption during the cooling and the storage of the coil at room temperature before cutting and stamping by the customer. This hydrogen absorbed during the process can be harmful for the zinc coated steel grade by inducing a deterioration of its formability or delayed fracture phenomena after cold stamping. It is then important to control this absorbed hydrogen and to be able to predict the content introduced in the steel as a function of the annealing parameters and the evolution of microstructure during this annealing. A numerical model was developed by FEM simulation to predict the hydrogen content absorbed in the steel during the galvanization annealing as a function of annealing parameters and microstructure. This physical model uses Sievert and Fick’s laws to estimate the solubility and the diffusivity of hydrogen in the steel as a function of the annealing temperature. In addition, the influence of trapping by microstructural defects in the different phases during the annealing is described in the model by McNabb and Foster’s approach.
Improving the friction performance of TiAlSiN-coated hard alloy through pulsed magnetic field treatment
Authors: Zhang Lin , Yan Qiaosong , He Asha , Chen Zhe , Wu Mingxia , Yang Yi , Liu Jian
Published: February 2025

For processing the difficult-to-cut materials, TiAlSiN coatings have been widely applied to machining tools. Pulse magnetic field treatment, as a novel, fast, and environmentally friendly post-treatment method, can directly modify the finished TiAlSiN-coated tools without causing physical damage. This study investigates the wear resistance of pulse magnetic field-treated TiAlSiN-coated carbide samples under both dry and lubricated friction conditions. Results show that pulse magnetic field-treated TiAlSiN-coated samples exhibit improved wear resistance and friction reduction in both friction environments. In dry friction conditions, the coating's coefficient of friction decreased by 13.73%, resulting in a more stable friction process. In lubricated conditions, the coefficient of friction decreased by 23.46%. Due to the effects of the pulse magnetic field, the hardness of the coating and substrate increased by 6.58% and 3.7%, respectively. The bonding phase Co in the carbide substrate exhibited phase transformation and increased defect density, such as dislocations. These changes enhanced the bonding strength at the coating/substrate interface, thereby improving its mechanical performance and tribological behavior.
The interplay between evolutionary and immunological dynamics regulates virus variant emergence and competition
Authors: Bouchnita Anass , Ramdas Bandekar Shraddha , Bi Kaiming , Djafari-Rouhani Behzad , Fox Spencer J. , Garcia Juan
Published: February 2025

As viruses like SARS-CoV-2 and pandemic influenza become endemic, their spread is shaped by decreasing population immunity and the emergence of new variants that either spread more easily or bypass existing immunity. Traditional modeling of these dynamics has been challenging due to increased computational demands as the number of strains and immune profiles grow. We introduce a simplified epidemiological model that incorporates viral evolution, immunological and transmission dynamics, as well as variant-specific factors like disease severity. This model, based on the standard SIR framework and using a COVID-19 specific parameters, explores the interaction between immunological and evolutionary mechanisms. It suggests that in the absence of broad cross-immunity, different variants can co-exist together. The model predicts that viruses with higher transmissibility, mutation rates are more likely to evolve, while variants with reduced immune escape have a higher emergence potential. In scenarios where an emerging variant's transmissibility doubles, the model forecasts a sevenfold increase in cases over 2,000 days. While parameterized using COVID-19 data, our model can be adapted for other viruses with evolving strains, such as influenza or Dengue. Hence, it promises to enhance our capacity to predict variant developments and guide public health strategies.
Broadcasting in random recursive dags
Authors: Lugosi Gabor , Devroye Luc , Briend Simon
Published: February 2025

A uniform $k$-{\sc dag} generalizes the uniform random recursive
  tree by picking $k$ parents uniformly at random from the existing
  nodes. It starts with $k$ ''roots''. Each of the $k$ roots is
  assigned a bit. These bits are propagated by a noisy channel. The
  parents' bits are flipped with probability $p$, and a majority vote
  is taken. When all nodes have received their bits, the $k$-{\sc dag}
  is shown without identifying the roots. The goal is to estimate the
  majority bit among the roots. We identify the threshold for $p$ as a
  function of $k$ below which the majority rule among all nodes yields
  an error $c+o(1)$ with $c<1/2$.
Above the threshold the majority rule errs with
  probability $1/2+o(1)$.
Les sauts technologiques de l’EPR Flamanville
Authors: Terminet François
Published: February 2025

L’EPR est aujourd’hui le seul réacteur de troisième génération en exploitation en France. Il représente un véritable saut technologique avec d’importantes optimisations tant pour l’exploitation que pour la maintenance.
Vers une évolution des règles d’exploitation de l’EPR Flamanville
Authors: Le Gros Gaïc
Published: February 2025

Comme dans toute centrale nucléaire, les Règles générales d’exploitation (RGE) encadrent en détail l’exploitation de l’EPR Flamanville 3. Ce règlement d’environ 4 000 pages, considéré aujourd’hui comme trop complexe, devrait être repensé afin de trouver un cadre équilibré entre exigence de sûreté et opérabilité.
Calibration of the Solar Position Sensor on GOES-R as a proxy for Total Solar Irradiance I: modeling the SPS bandpass
Authors: Snow Martin , Penton Steven , Woodraska Don , Beland Stephane , Coddington Odele
Published: February 2025

The Geostationary Environmental Operational Satellites R series (GOES-R) includes
an instrument that measures visible light from the Sun at high cadence:
the Solar Position Sensor (SPS).  
SPS is part of the Extreme ultraviolet and X-ray Irradiance Sensors (EXIS)
instrument package.
The visible wavelength range observed by SPS
includes the peak power of the solar spectrum.  Tracking the solar input to the 
climate system is important at all timescales.
This article
is the first in a series that will describe using the SPS data as a high-cadence proxy
for Total Solar Irradiance (TSI), and as an input to the spectral model used in 
the NOAA Climate Data Record for solar irradiance. 
 
We describe the design of the SPS instrument
and create a model of its output using the solar spectrum measured by the 
Total and Spectral Irradiance Sensor-1 (TSIS-1) on the International Space Station.
We apply the bandpasses of the SPS components to the daily TSIS-1 
Solar Irradiance Monitor (SIM) spectrum and integrate over wavelength
to simulate the SPS measurement.
After applying the appropriate SPS filter transmittances and diode responsivity to the 
TSIS-1/SIM spectrum, we compare the integrated irradiances
from the full SIM spectrum and the SPS model to the TSI measurement from TSIS-1.  
These comparisons of daily
averages show that the integrated SPS model reproduces TSI with an uncertainty
of 53 parts per million. We also show a preliminary comparison of the SPS data to the high-cadence TSI measurements from the Digital Absolute RAdiometer
(DARA) on the FY-3E satellite.
 
The modeled SPS spectrum shows excellent agreement with TSI on a daily cadence.
Once all the instrument calibrations have been established, the SPS data will
be a viable operational high-cadence proxy for TSI.
Endoscopic band ligation alone and combined with clipping for colonic diverticular bleeding: A retrospective comparative study
Authors: Ozawa Noritaka , Yamazaki Kenji , Hasebe Nae , Yamauchi Kazuki , Koide Kaori , Murase Hiroyuki , Hayashi Saeka , Hino Takaaki , Hirota Daiki , Soga Atsushi , Otani Kiichi , Masuda Naoya , Taniguchi Hiroki , Shimizu Shogo , Shimizu Masahito
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Clipping alone or endoscopic band ligation (EBL) alone are the main endoscopic hemostatic methods for colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB). We have established a novel method combining EBL and clipping (EBL-C) for the hemostasis of CDB (Endoscopy E-videos); this study evaluated its usefulness. From March 2019 to July 2024, we endoscopically treated 138 patients for CDB at our institution. We retrospectively compared two groups: those treated with EBL (n=24) and those treated with EBL-C (n=56). Risk factors for early rebleeding were also examined in the EBL-C group. The rate of early rebleeding (defined as rebleeding occurring within 30 days) was lower in the EBL-C group than in the EBL group, although this difference was only marginally non-significant (8.9% vs. 25.0%, P=0.0776). The failure of neck formation was the only independent risk factor for rebleeding (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.076; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.015–0.398; P=0.0023). The frequency of neck formation was significantly higher in the EBL-C group (EBL-C: 89.3% vs. EBL: 66.7%, P=0.0235). Undergoing EBL-C was the only independent factor contributing to the successful development of neck formation (adjusted OR 7.01; 95%CI 1.41–34.8; P=0.0095). Previous treatment of the same diverticulum, neck formation failure, and insufficient clipping were risk factors for early rebleeding. Using EBL-C for CDB may be more effective in preventing rebleeding than using EBL alone, as it facilitates better ligation of the target diverticulum. The treatment of diverticula that are hard and difficult to manage with suction remains a challenge.
Peroral endoscopic myotomy with fundoplication (POEM-F) for achalasia: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gopakumar Harishankar , Annor Eugene , Vohra Ishaan , Andalib Iman , Tyberg Amy , Sarkar Avik , Shahid Haroon , Carames Mine , Carames Juan Carlos , Gularte Giovanna Porfilio , Al-Lehibi Abed , Alkhiari Resheed , Bapaye Amol , Robles-Medranda Carlos , Kahaleh Michel
Published: February 2025

Background and study aims: Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and its long-term sequelae remain a concern following peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM). POEM with fundoplication (POEM-F) is simultaneous fundoplication via pure natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of POEM-F in mitigating post-POEM GER.
Methods: We performed a comprehensive electronic database search from January 2008 through June 2024 for studies evaluating outcomes of POEM-F performed for managing post-POEM GER. Pooled proportions were calculated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 and Q statistics.
Results: We included seven studies comprising 127 patients. Pooled technical success for POEM was 96.90%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 91.40-98.90. Pooled technical success of fundoplication was 92.30%; 95% CI 85.20-96.10. Clinical success in treating achalasia was 96.40%; 95% CI 90.70-98.60. Rate of wrap integrity on follow-up was 84.00%; 95% CI 66.00-93.40. Composite clinical success of POEM-F in mitigating post-POEM GER was 86.20%; 95% CI 73.80-93.20. Mean total procedure duration and fundoplication time was 115.74 minutes; 95% CI 103.53-126.96 and 55.28 minutes; 95% CI 47.35-63.20, respectively. The overall pooled major adverse events (AE) rate was 3.60%; 95% CI 1.40-9.40.
Conclusions: POEM-F is an effective procedure with an acceptable AE rate in expert hands. It appears to offer clinical benefit in mitigating post-POEM GER. However, further standardization for evaluating clinically significant post-POEM GER and long-term benefit of POEM-F is warranted.
Synthesis of non-natural amino acid derivatives with Ni complexes and investigation of antifungal activity of its dipeptide derivatives.
Authors: Hakobyan Hegine I. , Khachaturyan Nune , Gevoryan Sona , Danghyan Yuri M. , Saghyan Ashot S. , Zakarian Armen , Mardiyan Zorayr , Sargsyan Tatev
Published: February 2025

A convenient synthesis of optically pure (S)-2-amino-3-(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-2-methylpropanoic acids via propargylated amino acids is reported. (S)-2-amino-2-methylpent-4-ynoic acid-Ni-(S)-BPB was prepared and then functionalized via click coupling reactions to give (S)-2-amino-3-(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-2-methylpropanoic acid - Ni-(S)-BPB. Subsequently, the Ni-complexes were cleaved to obtain the free (S)-2-amino-3-(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-2-methylpropanoic acids with excellent optical purity. Next, using the activated ester method for the peptide synthesis,
N-Fmoc-(S)-(2-amino-3-(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-2-methylpropanoyl)-glycine dipeptide was prepared. The unnatural amino acids and peptide were tested for biological activity and showed selective, high inhibitory activity against fungi.
Two-Flap Technique, Superior Pedicle and Central Pedicle Retro Glandular Flap: Innovative Technique to Ensure Upper Pole Fullness after Breast Reduction Surgery
Authors: Gupta Rajat , Bansal Priya , Chaudhary Gautam , Sharma Shubham
Published: February 2025

Introduction The two-flap technique, superior pedicle flap and central pedicle retro glandular (RG) flap, represents a novel advancement in breast reduction surgery, addressing issues such as upper pole deflation, asymmetry, and overall breast contour irregularities seen with traditional methods. This study evaluates the outcomes, efficacy, and safety of the two-flap technique, emphasizing its ability to provide enhanced aesthetic results and high patient satisfaction.

Materials and Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 165 patients who underwent the two-flap technique between February 2022 and February 2024. The technique involved preoperative skin markings for precise flap creation, using superior and central pedicles to ensure optimal vascularity and contour. Tissue reduction was performed based on individual patient needs, and post-surgical follow-ups ranged from 6 months to 1 year. Data collected included demographic details, tissue reduction volumes, postoperative complications, and patient satisfaction. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software.

Results The majority of patients (66.67%) were aged 31 to 40 years, with a mean age of 34.59 years. Tissue reduction ranged from 200 to 800 g, with 48.49% of patients having 200 to 400 g removed. Complications included seroma in 7.27% and wound dehiscence in 3.64%. Patient satisfaction was high, with 89.09% reporting being “highly satisfied.” The technique demonstrated significant improvements in upper pole fullness and breast contour.

Conclusion The two-flap technique offers a safe, effective, and aesthetically pleasing solution for breast reduction surgery. Its innovative approach minimizes complications and maximizes patient satisfaction, though further studies are recommended to validate its efficacy in larger breast sizes.
Identifying existing research challenges and enhancing outcomes through the development of standardized methodologies
Authors: Jilcha Kassu
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study is to identify the challenges faced by postgraduate students in their research endeavors and to develop a standardized research process model. To achieve this objective, web-based surveys were distributed to 91 postgraduate students, and a case study was conducted to evaluate the application of research methodologies at Addis Ababa University. The findings revealed several challenges, including difficulties in selecting a research topic, choosing appropriate methodologies, addressing biases, conducting reliability and validity analyses, and managing time constraints. Additionally, the study has developed a comprehensive research design framework to address these challenges, offering a standardized and holistic approach that is suitable for researchers across diverse disciplines.