bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Students’ Career Understanding and Career Decision Making Self-Efficacy in Junior High School
Authors: Akhsania Khayatun Nufus , Basuki Tentrem , Sugiharto DYP , Japar Muhammad
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to determine students’ career understanding on the career decision making self-efficacy of Junior High School students in Central Java Province. The study used qualitative method, comparative test for data analysis, and self-efficacy scale to collect the career decision making data of students who have and have not gained career understanding. In this way, Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy was used as a framework theory, while cluster random sampling was employed to collect the study sample (N = 311). The data collection was done through a direct survey using 25 questions regarding career decision making self-efficacy (CDSE-SF) and career understanding questionnaire. Based on the data analysis, the researchers found significant differences in CDSE-SF results of students who have gained career understanding and not, including (1) Understanding of various alternative jobs (t(311) = 4.911, p < .000), (2) Information on the world of work requirements (t(311) = 4.602, p <.000), (3) Information on job vacancies (t(311) = 4.111, p < .000), and (4) Understanding of job qualifications (t(311) = 3.460, p < .001). These findings recommend the students to improve their career decision making using career guidance and counseling strategies in form of various alternative services, such as career counselling services, group guidance, classroom service, and even support from other parties.
Megachilid bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan: tribes Lithurgini, Dioxyini, and Megachilini
Authors:   Institute of Bioresources of Nakhchivan Branch of National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Nakhchivan, AZ 7000, Azerbaijan, Maharramov M.M. , Fateryga A.V. ,   T.I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station – Nature Reserve of RAS – Branch of A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Kurortnoye, Feodosiya, 298188, Russia, Proshchalykin M.Yu. ,   Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
Published: April 2021

The data on 38 species of megachilid bees in the tribes Lithurgini, Dioxyini, and Megachilini collected in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan mainly in 2018–2020 are given. Seventeen species are new to Azerbaijan, four other species are new to the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic and as a result of the present investigation the fauna of Azerbaijan currently numbers 160 species of the family Megachilidae. A mosaic gynandro¬morph of Megachile albisecta (Klug, 1817) is also described.
Organic Photovoltaic Behaviour with Centimeter-long Lateral Junctions
Authors: Palassery Ithikkal Jaseela , Girault Adrien , Kikuchi Mitsuru , Yabara Yusuke , Izawa Seiichiro , Hiramoto Masahiro
Published: April 2021

In the field of organic solar cells, lateral junction is a new concept. Moreover, the photovoltaic behavior is firstly observed for surprising long organic lateral junctions reaching 1.8 cm and the new operation mechanism dominated by trap-assisted recombination is proposed.
Contribution of C−H⋯π Interactions to Polymorphic Transitions of a Molecular Crystal with Disordered Fragments
Authors: Taniguchi Takuya , Takagi Daisuke , Asahi Toru
Published: April 2021

Polymorphic transition is important for the functionality of crystalline materials. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear, especially when the crystal structure contains disordered fragments. We report that C−H⋯π interactions play an important role in polymorphic transitions in a molecular crystal with disordered fragments. The crystal has three phases, namely the a (< -80°C), β (-80-40°C), and γ (< 40°C) phases, which are reversible through single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation in association with temperature change. Disorder of bulky tert-butyl substituents appears at high-temperature in the β and γ phases. Intermolecular interaction analysis based on Hirshfeld surfaces and related fingerprint plots revealed that the proportion of π⋯π interactions decreased, while that of C−H⋯π interactions increased, at the transition from a to β phase. The proportion of C−H⋯π interactions also increased at the transition from β to γ phase, but continuously decreased in the β phase due to elevated temperature. Intermolecular interaction energies clarified the contribution of C−H⋯π interactions to the stability of high-temperature crystal β and γ phases via polymorphic transitions. Our results potentially lead to design molecular crystals with polymorphic transitions.
Catalytic Enantioselective Syn-Hydroxy-Oxyacylation of Electron Deficient Alkenes
Authors: Pandey Chandra Bhan , Singh Vikram , Ghanta Susanta , Twari Bhoopendra , TIWARI BHOOPENDRA
Published: April 2021

Asymmetric syn-dihydroxylation and dioxyacylation of alkenes have been well established. A direct method for the enantioselective preparation of orthogonally protected syn-1,2-diols from alkenes is unprecedented. Here in, we report the first enantioselective hypervalent iodine catalyzed syn-hydroxy-oxyacylation of enones. The orthogonally protected diols were obtained with excellent diastereo- and regioselectivity under metal-free condition. For these electron-deficient alkenes, even the syn-dihydroxylation and dioxyacylation have remained yet an unfinished challenge.
Solvated Nickel Complexes as Stoichiometric and Catalytic Perfluoroalkylation Agents
Authors: Shreiber Scott T. , Vicic David
Published: April 2021

The acetonitrile-solvated [(MeCN)Ni(C2F5)3]– was prepared in order to compare and contrast its reactivity with the known [(MeCN)Ni(CF3)3]– towards organic electrophiles. Both [(MeCN)Ni(CF3)3]– and [(MeCN)Ni(C2F5)3]– successfully react with aryl iodonium and diazonium salts as well as alkynyl iodonium salts to give fluoroalkylated organic products. Electrochemical analysis of [(MeCN)NiII(C2F5)3]– suggests that, upon electro-oxidation to [(MeCN)nNi(C2F5)3], reductive homolysis of a perfluoroethyl radical occurs, with the concomitant formation of [(MeCN)Ni(C2F5)2]. Catalytic C-H trifluoromethylations of electron rich arenes were successfully achieved using either [(MeCN)Ni(CF3)3]– or the related [Ni(CF3)4]2–. Stoichiometric reactions of the solvated nickel complexes reveal that “ligandless” nickel is exceptionally capable of serving as reservoir of CF3 anions or radicals under catalytically relevant conditions.
Kernel Methods for Predicting Yields of Chemical Reactions
Authors: Haywood Alexe , Redshaw Joseph , Hanson-Heine Magnus , Taylor Adam , Brown Alex , Mason Andy , Gaertner Thomas , Hirst Jonathan
Published: April 2021

The use of machine learning methods for the prediction of reaction yield is an emerging area. We demonstrate the applicability of support vector regression (SVR) for predicting reaction yields, using combinatorial data. Molecular descriptors used in regression tasks related to chemical reac?tivity have often been based on time-consuming, computationally demanding quantum chemical calculations, usually density functional theory. Structure-based descriptors (molecular fingerprints and molecular graphs) are quicker and easier to calculate, and are applicable to any molecule. In this study, SVR models built on structure-based descriptors were compared to models built on quantum chemical descriptors. The models were evaluated along the dimension of each reaction component in a set of Buchwald-Hartwig amination reactions. The structure-based SVR models out-performed the quantum chemical SVR models, along the dimension of each reaction compo?nent. The applicability of the models was assessed with respect to similarity to training. Prospec?tive predictions of unseen Buchwald-Hartwig reactions are presented for synthetic assessment, to validate the generalisability of the models, with particular interest along the aryl halide dimension.
Natural Product Scores and Fingerprints Extracted from Artificial Neural Networks.
Authors: Menke Janosch , Massa Joana , Koch Oliver
Published: April 2021

Due to its desirable properties, natural products are an important ligand class for medicinal chemists. However, due to their structural distinctiveness, traditional cheminformatic approaches, like ligand-based virtual screening, often perform worse for natural products. Based on our recent work, we evaluated the ability of neural networks to generate fingerprints more appropriate for the use with natural products. A manually curated dataset of natural products and synthetic decoys was used to train a multi-layer perceptron network and an autoencoder-like network. An in-depth analysis showed that the extracted natural product specific neural fingerprints outperforms traditional as well as natural product specific fingerprints on three datasets. Further, we explore how the activation from the output layer of a network can work as a novel natural product likeness score. Overall two natural product specific datasets were generated, which are publicly available together with the code to create the fingerprints and the novel natural product likeness score.
Calcium Bridging Drives Polysaccharide Co-Adsorption to a Proxy Sea Surface Microlayer
Authors: Carter-Fenk Kimberly , Dommer Abigail , Fiamingo Michelle E , Kim Jeongin , Amaro Rommie , Allen Heather
Published: April 2021

Saccharides comprise a significant mass fraction of organic carbon in sea spray aerosol (SSA), but the mechanisms through which saccharides are transferred from seawater to the ocean surface and eventually into SSA are unclear. It is hypothesized that saccharides cooperatively adsorb to other insoluble organic matter at the air/sea interface, known as the sea surface microlayer (SSML). Using a combination of surface-sensitive infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that the marine-relevant, anionic polysaccharide alginate co-adsorbs to an insoluble palmitic acid monolayer via divalent cationic bridging interactions. Ca2+ induces the greatest extent of alginate co-adsorption to the monolayer, evidenced by the ~30% increase in surface coverage, whereas Mg2+ only facilitates one-third the extent of co-adsorption at seawater-relevant cation concentrations due to its strong hydration propensity. Na+ cations alone do not facilitate alginate co-adsorption, and palmitic acid protonation hinders the formation of divalent cationic bridges between the palmitate and alginate carboxylate moieties. Alginate co-adsorption is largely confined to the interfacial region beneath the monolayer headgroups, so surface pressure, and thus monolayer surface coverage, only changes the amount of alginate co-adsorption by less than 5%. Our results provide physical and molecular characterization of a potentially significant polysaccharide enrichment mechanism within the SSML.
Light-Mediated Cross-Coupling of Anomeric Trifluoroborates
Authors: Miller Eric , Walczak Maciej
Published: April 2021

Stereoselective reactions at the anomeric carbon constitute the cornerstone of preparative carbohydrate chemistry. Here, we report the synthesis of axial C1 trifluoroborates and stereoselective C-arylation and etherification reactions under photoredox conditions. These reactions are characterized by high anomeric selectivities for 2-deoxysugars and broad substrate scope (24 examples), including disaccharides and trifluoroborates with free hydroxyl groups. Computational studies show that high axial selectivities for these reactions originate from a combination of kinetic anomeric effect of the intermediate C1 radical and stereoelectronic stabilization of Ni(III) through the metallo-anomeric effect. Taken together, this new class of carbohydrate reagents adds the palette of anomeric nucleophile reagents suitable for efficient installation C-C and Cheteroatom bonds.
Manoeuvring Bioactive Materials in Dentistry - A Review
Authors: Pooja Chandak  , Manoj Chandak  , Kajol Relan  , Madhulika Chandak  , Chanchal Rathi  , Payal Chaudhari
Published: April 2021

Bioactivity refers to bio-inductive activity. The materials which induce such activity are bioactive materials. These materials induce a reaction from living tissue. Bioactive materials have a role in the promotion of the healing process, repair, maintaining the vitality of pulp, etc. The material should be sterile, bacteriostatic and bactericidal in nature. Bioactive materials are used in dentin remineralization, maintaining long-term restorations bonded with cement, and repairing intra-bony lesions. A biomaterial is a substance, external layer or assembly that interconnect with an organic system. Biognosis- an analysis of, structure or uses of biologically generated materials, their mechanisms and processes for the formation of likely products by artificial mechanisms that mimics natural structures. A biomaterial is a substance, external layer or assembly that interconnect with an organic system. These materials differ in their form and function and composition. Bioactive substances function works due to the inauguration of growth initiators and multiple cells. It aids in “growth, immigration, and distinction of odontoblast-like cells producing tissue matrix. Bioactive matrix form an outer layer of an apatite-like substance in association with inorganic phosphate solution. Bioactive materials like calcium hydroxide, mineral trioxide aggregate, biodentin, etc., are commonly used in routine practice. As these materials have multiple purposes, this review focuses to highlight newer materials in the category of bioactivity and their implications in dentistry particularly.
Clinical Studies and Critical Review on the effect of Lifestyle and Diet in the administration of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
Authors: Ayushi Mishra  , Monika Agrawal  , Meena Kumari  , Chandrashekhar Prajapati  , Priyadarshini Tewari  , Parameswarappa S Byadgi  , Rakesh Kumar Singh
Published: April 2021

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a heterogeneous condition and it is a metabolic illness brought about by high glucose, insulin opposition, or insulin lack. Diabetes can cause numerous genuine sicknesses, for example, visual impairment, kidney disappointment, coronary illness, disease and different genuine conditions. It is assessed that roughly 70% of individuals with pre-diabetes have a danger of creating type 2 diabetes. Since the hereditary foundation is probably not going to change, the event of type 2 diabetes can be decreased by altering way of life hazard factors, for example, heftiness, actual inertia, smoking, and liquor through essential avoidance. The points and destinations of the article are to discover the significance of essential avoidance of T2DM. Data was gathered from epidemiological examinations, clinical and drug preliminaries, and to advance mindfulness and interest in diabetes inside essential counteraction, and the plausibility of applying these mediations in asset limit nations from different distributed articles and books. The commonness of T2DM has expanded quickly during the most recent couple of many years around the world. All examinations upheld the significance of dietary alterations and way of life intercessions in the successful administration just as to forestall intricacies.
Chrono Modulated Therapy-A Review
Authors: Mallamma T  , Prakash Goudanavar  , Nagaraja Sreeharsha  , Santosh Fattepur
Published: April 2021

Chrono therapeutic drug delivery systems stay attaining prominence in the area of pharmaceuticals. It decreases dosing incidence, toxicity, and distributes a drug that matches the circadian rhythm of that definite disease when the signs are exciting to sorrier.ChrDDS is the essentially time-controlled drug delivery system. It offers a patient with a staggered profile of the therapeutic agent.  It makes some consecutive changes in the ADME process. This mechanism is lag time independent of environmental variables including pH, enzymes, gastrointestinal motility. The circadian rhythm regulates many body functions in humans, such as metabolism, behaviour, sleep patterns, and hormone production. Chronotherapy has gained attention as a novel and rational approach to exploit the best. Presently, drugs are delivered in a controlled release like an IR, ER, & PR. Certain conditions that follow circadian rhythms include hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular, asthma, neurological disorders, ulcer conditions, etc. Various technologies such as time-controlled, pulsed, triggered and programmed drug delivery devices have been developed and extensively studied in recent years for chronopharmaceutical drug delivery are Diffucaps, OROS, Codas, 3D printing, Egalet, Port, etc. this system is designed according to body-clock. Special drug delivery technology must be relied upon to synchronize drug concentrations to rhythms in disease activity with the body’s 24-hour rhythms to extend therapeutic effectiveness and reduce/avoid side effects. In this article, the various concepts like a mechanism of circadian rhythms, current obstacles to the production of chronopharmaceutical drug, circadian chronotherapy in various diseases, a profile of launched Chronopharmaceutical dosage forms, various technologies for systemic delivery,chronopathalogy have been reviewed.
The Implementation of Therapeutic Alliance in the Rehabilitation of an Elite Pediatric Athlete with Salter-Harris Fracture: A Case Report
Authors: VanEtten Lucas , Briggs Matthew , DeWitt John , Mansfield Cody , Kaeding Christopher
Published: April 2021

Background/Purpose

Although research on the value of therapeutic alliance is prominent in other areas of health care, physical therapy research is limited. The purpose is to describe the incorporation of therapeutic alliance concepts throughout the rehabilitation of an elite pediatric athlete with a complicated recovery following a fracture to the distal femoral epiphysis.

Case Description

A 14-year-old male was referred to physical therapy following an open reduction and internal fixation to address a type IV Salter-Harris fracture of the right distal femoral epiphysis. Post-operative care included immobilization in a brace for six weeks and he initiated physical therapy for four weeks (post-op weeks 6-10). At 10-weeks post-injury his range of motion and strength were severely limited compared to expected post-operative milestones. Due to these deficits an arthroscopic debridement of the subject’s right knee, hardware removal, and manipulation under anesthesia was performed. The subject then reported to the physical therapist on post-operative day three for evaluation and treatment without bracing or weight-bearing restrictions.

Outcomes

The episode of care spanned 17 weeks and included 25 physical therapy sessions. To facilitate therapeutic alliance with the subject, clear communication and easily measurable goals were established and connected to the subject’s relevant needs as an athlete. The plan of care was divided into three phases using “chunking” techniques to establish the rehabilitation priorities. The subject demonstrated improved range of motion, strength and was able to return to hydroplane racing and won a national championship in his age group.

Discussion

The unique aspect of this case was the incorporation of therapeutic alliance concepts and techniques into the rehabilitative management of a subject with a complicated fracture to the distal femoral epiphysis. The physical therapist built trust with the subject and facilitated a successful return to elite hydroplane boat racing.

Level of Evidence

4

Study Design

Case Report
Post-operative Rehabilitation for Scapular Muscle Reattachment: A Case Report
Authors: Burke Wendy , Kibler W Ben , Uhl Tim L
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose

Scapular muscle detachment is a rare orthopedic problem that has been described in the literature in patients following traumatic events involving traction, direct trauma, or a motor vehicle accident. The purpose of this case report is to describe the post-operative rehabilitation following scapular muscle reattachment surgery. Unique to this case report is the patient’s perspective, an orthopedic physical therapist with 25 years of experience.

Case Description

A 47-year-old female physical therapist experienced a traction injury to bilateral upper extremities during a medical procedure resulting in bilateral rhomboid, and bilateral lower trapezius muscles were detached from the medial scapular border. Reconstruction of the left scapulothoracic musculature occurred five and one-half years post-injury with the right repaired one year later. This case report describes the rehabilitation program that took one-year to recover for each arm with a period of protected motion for 16-weeks and gradual return to function as a manual physical therapist over a period of one-year.

Outcomes

The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Standardized Assessment Form and pain-free range of motion was used pre- and postoperatively. Left and right shoulder pre-operative ASES scores were 68 and 72, respectively. At the one-year post-operative the left shoulder was rated at 82 and the right shoulder was 90. Pain-free range of motion was achieved in both arms by one year. Functional limitations requiring strength overhead were the slowest to return and were not completely back at one year following either surgery.

Discussion

Rehabilitation protocols for scapular muscle reattachment surgery are not commonly available to allow physical therapists to guide their patients and structure a rehabilitation program. This case report provides a sample pre-operative set of educational guidelines and a post-operative protocol for use after scapular reattachment surgery. This case report is unique because it offers a patient perspective who is a physical therapist and underwent this surgery twice. Therefore, providing insight on how to prepare for such a unique operation. The slow recovery is due to three issues 1) the prolonged time from injury to diagnosis created significant muscle wasting and muscular imbalance of surrounding tissues, 2) once this tissue was repaired it requires months of protection to recover, 3) the involved scapulothoracic muscle have to regain adequate strength as the foundation for upper extremity functions.

Level of evidence

Level 5
Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy: A Systematic Review of Interventions
Authors: Nasser Anthony Michael , Vicenzino Bill , Grimaldi Alison , Anderson Jay , Semciw Adam Ivan
Published: April 2021

Background

Proximal hamstring tendinopathy affects athletic and non-athletic populations and is associated with longstanding buttock pain. The condition is common in track and field, long distance running and field-based sports. Management options need to be evaluated to direct appropriate clinical management.

Purpose/Hypothesis

To evaluate surgical and non-surgical interventions used in managing proximal hamstring tendinopathy.

Study design

Systematic review

Methods

Electronic databases were searched to January 2019. Studies (all designs) investigating interventions for people with proximal hamstring tendinopathy were eligible. Outcomes included symptoms, physical function, quality of life and adverse events. Studies were screened for risk of bias. Reporting quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (Randomized Controlled Trials [RCT]) and the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist (Case Series). Effect sizes (Standard mean difference or Standard paired difference) of 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8 were considered as small, medium and large respectively. Overall quality of evidence was rated according to GRADE guidelines.

Results

Twelve studies (2 RCTs and 10 case series) were included (n=424; males 229). RCTs examined the following interventions: platelet-rich plasma injection (n=1), autologous whole-blood injection (n=1), shockwave therapy (n=1) and multi-modal intervention (n=1). Case series included evaluation of the following interventions: platelet-rich plasma injection (n=3), surgery (n=4), corticosteroid injection (n=2), multi-modal intervention + platelet-rich plasma injection (n=1). Very low-level evidence found shockwave therapy was more effective than a multi-modal intervention, by a large effect on improving symptoms (-3.22 SMD; 95% CI -4.28, -2.16) and physical function (-2.42 SMD; 95% CI-3.33, -1.50) in the long-term. There was very low-level evidence of no difference between autologous whole-blood injection and platelet-rich plasma injection on physical function (0.17 SMD; 95% CI -0.86, 1.21) to (0.24 SMD; 95% CI -0.76, 1.24) and quality of life (-0.04 SMD; 95%CI -1.05, 0.97) in the medium-term. There was very low-quality evidence that surgery resulted in a large reduction in symptoms (-1.89 SPD; 95% CI -2.36, -1.41) to (-6.02 SPD; 95% CI -8.10, -3.94) and physical function (-4.08 SPD; 95%CI -5.53, -2.63) in the long-term.

Conclusions

There is insufficient evidence to recommend any one intervention over another. A pragmatic approach would be to initially trial approaches proven successful in other tendinopathies.

Level of evidence

Level 2a
Comparison of Common Methodologies for the Determination of Knee Flexor Muscle Strength
Authors: Ogborn Dan I , Bellemare Alix , Bruinooge Brittany , Brown Holly , McRae Sheila , Leiter Jeff
Published: April 2021

Background

Knee flexion strength may hold important clinical implications for the determination of injury risk and readiness to return to sport following injury and orthopedic surgery. A wide array of testing methodologies and positioning options are available that require validation prior to clinical integration. The purpose of this study was to 1) investigate the validity and test-retest reliability of isometric knee flexion strength measured by a fixed handheld dynamometer (HHD) apparatus compared to a Biodex Dynamometer (BD), 2) determine the impact of body position (seated versus supine) and foot position (plantar- vs dorsiflexed) on knee flexion peak torque and 3) establish the validity and test-retest reliability of the NordBord Hamstring Dynamometer.

Study Design

Validity and reliability study, test-retest design.

Methods

Forty-four healthy participants (aged 27 ± 4.8 years) were assessed by two raters over two testing sessions separated by three to seven days. Maximal isometric knee flexion in the seated and supine position at 90o knee flexion was measured with both a BD and an externally fixed HHD with the foot held in maximal dorsiflexion or in plantar flexion. The validity and test-retest reliability of eccentric knee flexor strength on the NordBord hamstring dynamometer was assessed and compared with isometric strength on the BD.

Results

Level of agreement between HHD and BD torque demonstrated low bias (bias -0.33 Nm, SD of bias 13.5 Nm; 95% LOA 26.13 Nm, -26.79 Nm). Interrater reliability of the HHD was high, varying slightly with body position (ICC range 0.9-0.97, n=44). Isometric knee flexion torque was higher in the seated versus supine position and with the foot dorsiflexed versus plantarflexed. Eccentric knee flexion torque had a high degree of correlation with isometric knee flexion torque as measured via the BD (r=0.61-0.86). The NordBord had high test-retest reliability (0.993 (95%CI 0.983-0.997, n=19) for eccentric knee flexor strength, with an MDC95 of 26.88 N and 28.76 N for the left and right limbs respectively.

Conclusion

Common measures of maximal isometric knee flexion display high levels of correlation and test-retest reliability. However, values obtained by an externally fixed HHD are not interchangeable with values obtained via the BD. Foot and body position should be considered and controlled during testing.

Level of Evidence

2b
Sex and Age Comparisons in Neuromuscular And Biomechanical Characteristics of the Knee in Young Athletes
Authors: Pletcher Erin R , Dekker Travis J , Lephart Scott M , Sell Tim C
Published: April 2021

Background

The identification of risk factors for injury is a key step for musculoskeletal injury prevention in youth sports. Not identifying and correcting for injury risk factors may result in lost opportunity for athletic development. Physical maturation and sex affect these characteristics, which may indicate the need for both age and sex-based injury prevention programs.

Hypothesis/Purpose

This study examined age and sex differences in knee strength, static balance, jump height, and lower extremity landing biomechanics in school- and high school-age athletes.

Study Design

Cross-sectional

Methods

Forty healthy school aged (10.8±0.8 yrs) and forty high school (16.8±0.8 yrs) athletes completed isokinetic knee flexion and extension strength tests, single-leg static balance and single-leg vertical stop jump tasks.

Results

High school athletes were significantly stronger (~67% and 35% stronger for males and females, respectively) and jumped higher (regardless of sex) compared to school age athletes. High school males had worse balance (~28%) compared to their younger counterparts. High school females had lower strength (~23%) compared to males but had better balance (~46%). Conclusion: Maturation had different effects on the variables analyzed and sex differences were mainly observed after maturation. These differences may be minimized through appropriate age and sex specific training programs.

Levels of Evidence

3a

Clinical Relevance

Neuromuscular and biomechanical differences between sex and age groups should be accounted for in injury prevention and rehabilitation. Inadequate training may be a primary factor contributing to injuries in a young athletic population. When designing training programs for long term athlete development, programs should be dependent on decrements seen at specific time points throughout maturation.

What is known about the subject: Generally, both males and females get stronger and jump higher as they get older but the results comparing balance and biomechanics between genders or across age groups have been mixed.

What this study adds to existing knowledge: The current study looks at multiple neuromuscular and biomechanical variables in male and female participants at different maturation statuses. The current data supports the significant changes observed in strength and jump height, as both genders age, but the data also demonstrates significant differences in balance between age groups in males and between genders in balance and knee flexion angles.
Hip Abduction Strength: Relationship to Trunk and Lower Extremity Motion During A Single-Leg Step-Down Task in Professional Baseball Players
Authors: Zipser M. Christopher , Plummer Hillary A , Kindstrand Nathan , Sum Johnathan C , Li Bernard , Michener Lori A
Published: April 2021

Background

The single-leg step down task (SLSD) is a clinical tool to assess movement and control of the lower extremity and trunk. Hip abduction weakness may impact movement quality during the SLSD, however the relationships between movement and strength are unclear.

Purpose

To determine the relationship between hip abduction isometric strength and movement during the SLSD of trunk lean, pelvic drop, knee valgus, and hip flexion.

Study Design

Cross sectional, cohort study

Methods

One hundred-eighteen Minor League baseball players (age=21.6 ± 2.0 years; n=68 pitchers, n=50 position players) participated. Bilateral hip abduction isometric strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer (HHD), and then multiplied by distance from the greater trochanter to the HHD and expressed as hip abduction torque. Video cameras captured the SLSD, with participants standing on one leg while lowering their contralateral heel to touchdown on the floor from a 0.203m (8in.) step. Trunk lean, trunk flexion, pelvic drop, knee valgus, and hip flexion were measured using Dartfish at heel touchdown. A value of 180° indicated no knee valgus. Pearson correlations examined the relationships between hip abduction torque and SLSD motions.

Results

There were no significant correlations for position players. For pitchers, on the lead leg increased hip abduction torque weakly correlated with a decrease in knee valgus (r= 0.24, p=0.049). Also for pitchers on the trail leg, increased hip abduction torque weakly correlated with decreased pelvic drop (r= -0.28, p=0.021).

Conclusion

Hip abduction strength contributes to dynamic control of the trunk and legs. Specifically in pitchers, hip abduction weakness was related to increased movement of the lower extremity and lumbopelvic regions during the dynamic SLSD task. These deficits could translate to altered pitching performance and injury.

Levels of Evidence

2.
Time Course of Acute Hip Adduction Range of Motion Changes Following Foam Rolling
Authors: D’Amico Anthony , Silva Kevin , Gallo Joseph
Published: April 2021

Background

With the increased popularity of foam rolling (FR), it is important to establish the exact manner in which the practice is useful.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of FR the iliotibial (IT) band on hip adduction range of motion (ROM) and the short-term time course of any ROM changes that may occur.

Method

In a within-subject design, 34 subjects (21 female, 13 male) (female mean age 24.67 ± 8.6 yrs, height 161.4 ± 9.8 cm, mass 67.3 ± 12.3 kg; male mean age 22 ± 2.5 yrs, height 170.2 ± 8.2 cm, mass 76.3 ± 21.9 kg) underwent a baseline Ober’s test to measure hip adduction ROM prior to the FR and control conditions. Subjects rolled the lateral portion of each thigh for 3 bouts of 20 seconds. A tempo of 3 seconds down and 3 seconds up the leg was maintained across FR bouts. A 5-minute walk served as the control condition. The Ober’s test was repeated at less than 1 minute, 3 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, and 20 minutes following the FR bouts and the control to assess changes in hip adduction ROM over time. A blinded clinician conducted the Ober’s test. A two-way analysis of variance was used to assess differences by condition and time.

Results

No differences in hip adduction ROM were found at baseline between FR and CON within subjects (27.9 cm ± 7.5 vs. 27.7 cm ± 6.6, p > .05). Ober’s test ROM was significantly greater in FR compared to CON immediately post-treatment (24.2 cm ± 6.3 vs. 28.2 cm ± 6.3, p = .00, d = .59), and 3 minutes post (24.6 cm ± 7.6 vs. 28.3 cm ± 5.9, p = .00, d = .56). No differences were observed 10 minutes post, 15 minutes post, or 20 minutes post FR or CON (p > .05).

Discussion

Compared to walking, FR the IT band significantly increased hip adduction ROM as measured by the Ober’s test. These increases appear to dissipate between 3 and 10 minutes post-FR.

Conclusion

An acute bout of 3 sets of 20 seconds of FR may be effective for transiently increasing ROM. Whether these short-term increases have implications for chronic flexibility changes is unclear.

Level of evidence

2
Comparative Pitching Biomechanics Among Adolescent Baseball Athletes: Are There Fundamental Differences Between Pitchers and Non-pitchers?
Authors: Bullock Garrett , Hulburt Tessa C , Collins Gary , Waterman Brian R , Nicholson Kristen F
Published: April 2021

Background

Approximately 25% of youth baseball players pitch, with most young athletes predominately playing multiple positions. While some youth baseball players may primarily pitch, other players may only pitch on occasion, potentially creating a pitching skill level discrepancy. Understanding potential kinematic and kinetic differences between pitching and non-pitching baseball players can inform injury risk reduction strategies for amateur athletes.

Purpose/Hypothesis

To analyze differences in pitching biomechanics for fastballs, breaking balls, and change-ups in adolescent youth baseball players that identify as pitchers and non-pitchers.

Study Design

Retrospective cross-sectional study

Methods

Baseball players were designated as pitchers or non-pitchers, who then threw fastballs (FB), breaking balls (BB), and change-ups (CH) during a biomechanical assessment. T-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and ANOVAs with Bonferroni correction, and effect sizes (ES) were performed.

Results

Sixty baseball players (pitchers = 40; non-pitchers = 20; Age: 15.0 (1.1); Left-handed: 15%; Height 1.77 (0.09) m; Weight: 70.0 (12.5) kg) threw 495 pitches (FB: 177, BB: 155, CH: 163) for analysis. Pitchers threw 2 m/s faster and produced greater trunk rotation velocity (ES: 0.71 (95% CI: 0.39, 1.30, p<0.0001) than non-pitchers. Furthermore, pitchers demonstrated greater ground reaction force for FB compared to CH (ES: 0.48 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.94), p<0.0001). No other biomechanical differences were observed between pitchers and non-pitchers or between pitch types.

Conclusion

Despite throwing at greater velocity for all pitch types, baseball players that identify primarily as pitchers had overall similar kinematics and kinetics in comparison to baseball players that primarily identify as non-pitchers. Self-identified pitching baseball athletes have improved force transfer strategies for ball propulsion, utilizing different force production and attenuation strategies across different pitch types when compared to non-pitchers. Coaches should consider that novice pitchers may potentially have dissimilar trunk and ground reaction strategies in comparison to primary pitchers when designing appropriate pitch loading and recovery strategies.

Level of Evidence

3
Screening to Detect Hip and Groin Problems in Elite Adolescent Football (Soccer) Players – Friend or Foe?
Authors: DeLang Matthew D , Garrison J. Craig , Thorborg Kristian
Published: April 2021

Injury prevention strategies in team settings should not overlook early detection and secondary prevention. Monitoring systems may be an effective approach to detect common and troublesome injuries, such as hip and groin pain in football (soccer) players. The purpose of this International Perspective is to share our experiences with monitoring hip and groin pain in youth academy football and discuss challenges that surfaced. We consider why players may not accurately report pain, their perceptions of groin pain, and whether all groin pain is clinically meaningful.

Level of Evidence

5
Lower Extremity Kinematics of the Y-Balance Test in Healthy and ACL Injured Adolescent Females
Authors: Bulow Alison , Bellemare Alixandra , Anderson Judy E , Leiter Jeff R S , MacDonald Peter B , Peeler Jason D
Published: April 2021

Background

Adolescent females are at significant risk for sustaining an ACL injury. The Y-Balance Test (YBT) is frequently used to evaluate neuromuscular control and lower extremity function. However, few studies have quantified 2D lower extremity kinematics during performance of the YBT, and there is an absence of kinematic data specific to at-risk adolescent females.

Purpose

To examine lower extremity joint kinematics during execution of the YBT by healthy and ACL-injured adolescent females.

Study Design

Prospective cohort.

Methods

Twenty-five healthy and ten ACL-injured (mean time from injury 143 days) adolescent females were assessed using the YBT. Sagittal and frontal plane knee and ankle motion was video recorded during execution of the YBT anterior reach movement. Ankle dorsi-flexion, knee flexion, and knee valgus angles were quantified via kinematic analysis. ANOVAs with a post hoc Bonferroni correction were used to compare YBT scoring (%LL) and kinematic data between groups. Pearson product-moment correlations determined the relationship between kinematic data and YBT scoring.

Results

Healthy and ACL-injured subjects demonstrated similar YBT scores and lower extremity kinematic data. Healthy subjects demonstrated a weak positive correlation between ankle dorsiflexion and YBT scoring, and a weak negative correlation between knee valgus and YBT scoring. These relationships did not exist for ACL-injured subjects. Kinematic data for both groups also demonstrated a large degree of variability, regardless of YBT score.

Conclusions

Adolescent females frequently utilize a variety of lower extremity movement strategies when performing a functional movement task, and scoring on the YBT offers limited insight regarding lower extremity joint kinematics and ACL-injury risk in a physically active adolescent female population.

Level of Evidence

Level 3.
O Globo e a Produção de Memórias sobre o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS)
Authors: Machado Izamara Bastos
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho propõe uma discussão sobre a história e a memória do Sistema Único de Saúde, o SUS, construídas a partir das narrativas jornalísticas do jornal O Globo no ano de 1988. Pretende-se discutir a relação entre história, memória e jornalismo e as contribuições do jornalismo, especialmente da grande imprensa comercial, na construção de sentidos sobre a saúde pública.Palavras-chave: Jornalismo. Memória. Imprensa. Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Saúde pública.
Biografias e processos de saúde-doença
Authors: Gouvêa Pereira Allan de
Published: April 2021

Em uma sociedade individualista, a vivência dos processos de saúde-doença atende a uma série de requisitos sociais em relação às suas formas de subjetivação. Tal panorama é justificado pelo fato de que a experiência de quem enfrentou uma determinada enfermidade ganha notoriedade e é valorizada como uma narrativa autêntica e, por que não, exemplar. Nessa perspectiva, este trabalho objetiva se configurar como um estudo teórico capaz de refletir sobre as escolhas, as reivindicações e os fatores culturais que envolvem os agentes sociais em seus estados de saúde e doença, a partir de quatro relatos biográficos. São mobilizados conceitos teóricos relativos às ideologias vigentes, tais como estigma, desvio, memória, projeto e agência. O estudo mostra que esses relatos repercutem as ideologias individualistas modernas e reclamam maior “agência” sobre as escolhas pessoais.Palavras-chave: Biografias. Saúde. Doença. Individualismo. Subjetividade.
The Role of Meaningfulness at Work and its Impact on Turnover Intention: The Case of the Royal Malaysian Navy
Authors:   University of Malaya, Malaysia, Whab Muhamad Zafran
Published: April 2021

The Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN) utilizes core principles to ensure organizational engagement. The Core Values of Honour, Loyalty, Courage, and Pride must be regarded with a sense of honesty and significance in order to build a sense of meaning to navy people. The major concern of the study is that navy people prefer to leave the service earlier than retirement age. This concept paper proposes how well professional experience, such as work meaningfulness affects turnover intention among navy personnel. This paper focuses on the Navy enlisted, the military personnel in the Malaysian Armed Forces. The study proposed that by fostering work meaningfulness, the employee would be more loyal and thus reducing their intention to leave.
Riesgo ocupacional y autocuidado en enfermería, en atención primaria de salud
Authors: Pérez-López Tania Carolina , Sotamba-Aucapiña Liliana Elizabeth , Quito-Peralta Nataly , Urgilés-Barahona Cristina , Febres-Calderón Fabricio Israel
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: El presente estudio tiene el fin de identificar los riesgos ocupacionales y la relación con el autocuidado en los profesionales de enfermería que laboran en el primer nivel de atención en los Distritos 01D01 y 01D02 de la provincia del Azuay en 2019. Metodología: Esta investigación tiene enfoque cuantitativo, correlacional de corte transversal. Para la misma se ha seleccionado una población de estudio que estuvo constituida por profesionales enfermeras/os que laboran en los distritos de salud 01D01 y 01D02. Para determinar los objetivos del estudio, se utilizaron dos instrumentos que fueron: escala de percepción de riesgo con alfa de Cronbach de 0,892 y agencia de autocuidado con 0,81. Resultados: Los resultados del presente estudio se analizaron con el programa SPSS V15. Donde el 60.6% pertenece al grupo etario de 20-35 años de edad, estado civil casado 66,5 %, experiencia laboral de 1-10 años 60 %, contratación ocasional 83,2 %, el 45,2% sufrió algún tipo de accidente laboral, con percepción de riesgo media en el 40 %, conducta preventiva normal 41,3% y una capacidad media de autocuidado 79,4 %. Se ha identificado también que los riesgos mayormente percibidos por los enfermeros/as fueron: el trabajo con productos biológicos y el trabajo con elementos e instrumentación punzante y/o cortante 100 %, elementos comúnmente utilizados durante su jornada laboral. Conclusiones: Durante el desarrollo del estudio se logró evidenciar que no existe relación entre las variables de percepción de riesgo laboral y autocuidado en los profesionales de enfermería, esto por una mejor aplicación de diversas medidas de seguridad laboral, implementadas de forma personal e institucional.
Anemia durante el tercer trimestre del embarazo, Cuenca – Ecuador
Authors: Ochoa-Hurtado María Cecilia , Cárdenas-Mateus Julio César , Tapia-Cárdenas Jeanneth Patricia , Salazar-Torres Zoila Katherine , Moyano-Brito Edison Gustavo
Published: April 2021

Antecedentes: La anemia en la actualidad es considerada como un problema de salud a nivel mundial, con mayor frecuencia en países en vías de desarrollo, con un incremento en la morbi-mortalidad materno fetal. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de la anemia y factores asociados durante el tercer trimestre del embarazo, en el Departamento de Ginecología-Obstetricia del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, 2018. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, transversal, con la participación de 354 embarazadas que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La información se recolectó de los expedientes clínicos mediante un formulario. Para el análisis estadístico se empleó el programa SPSS versión 15, estadística descriptiva, y para la asociación de factores de riesgo se aplicó la prueba chi cuadrado, reportándose una razón de prevalencia con nivel de confianza del 95% y el valor de p (<0.05). Resultados: La prevalencia de anemia fue del 25,7% (IC 95%: 21.01%-30.4%) siendo más elevada en adultas jóvenes con el 40,7%, residentes en áreas rurales con 51,6%, instrucción secundaria 62,6%, ocupación ama de casa con 46,2%, estado civil soltera y casada en un 40%; además fue más común en gestantes con >5 controles prenatales con el 74,7%, multigestas en un 62,6%, embarazos a término con el 86,8%. Además, se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa (p< 0,05) con: adultas jóvenes y primigestas; el sobrepeso u obesidad fueron un factor protector. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de
Gambaran Stres Akademik Siswa SMA Negeri Selama Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ)
Authors: Safira Livia , Hartati Maria Theresia Sri
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Academic stress is a problem that is felt by every students. E-learning based distance learning often causes the emergence of new stressors in learning, such as internet connection, understanding of material, and various problems with assignments and daily tests. The purpose of this study was to describe the academic stress of high school students while carrying out distance learning (PJJ). Collecting data using an Academic Stress scale that has been tested for validity and reliability. This research is a descriptive quantitative type with a sample of 311 students from two high schools, namely SMA Negeri 04 Semarang and SMA Negeri 09 Semarang. The results showed that the majority of students experienced moderate academic stress (M = 2.78) during distance learning.Abstrak. Stres akademik merupakan suatu permasalahan dirasakan setiap pelajar. Pembelajaran jarak jauh berbasis e-learning tak jarang meyebabkan munculnya stressor baru dalam belajar, seperti koneksi internet, pemahaman materi, dan berbagai permasalahan tugas serta ulangan harian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui gambaran stres akademik siswa SMA selama melaksanakan pembelajaran jarak jauh (PJJ). Pengumpulan data menggunakan skala Stres Akademik yang sudah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Penelitian ini berjenis kuantitatif deskriptif dengan sampel sebanyak 311 siswa dari dua SMA, yakni SMA Negeri 04 Semarang dan SMA Negeri 09 Semarang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan mayoritas siswa mengalami stres akademik tingkat sedang (M= 2,78) selama pembelajaran jarak jauh.