bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Negative Thermal Expansion Behavior Enabling Good Electrochemical‐Energy‐Storage Performance at Low Temperatures
Authors: Li Qiao , Yang Liting , Liang Guisheng , Yu Jiahui , Huang Shaowu , Wu Liming , Lin Chunfu , Che Renchao
Published: December 2024

Metal‐ion batteries (such as lithium‐ion batteries) are very popular energy‐storage devices nowadays. However, low temperatures cause their poor electrochemical kinetics and performance, significantly limiting their wide applications in cold environments. Here, we propose that electrochemical energy‐storage materials with negative‐thermal‐expansion (NTE) behavior can enable good low‐temperature electrochemical performance, which becomes a new strategy to tackle the low‐temperature issues of metal‐ion batteries. LiTi2(PO4)3 (LTP) with an a‐direction thermal expansion coefficient of −1.1×10− K−1 is used as a model material. As the temperature decreases, the transverse vibration of O atoms not only increases the transverse distances among O atoms connected to Li/Ti atoms, but also widens the Li+‐transport channels and enlarges the Li+‐insertion sites along the [12
] direction, which are mainly controlled by the lattice parameter a. Consequently, carbon‐coated LTP (C–LTP) retains good electrochemical performance at −10 °C, including fast Li+ diffusivity (84 % of that at 25 °C), large capacity (96 % of the theoretical capacity), and superior rate capability (83 % capacity retention at 5 C vs. 0.5 C). Moreover, the more open crystal structure of LTP at the lower temperature allows smaller maximum unit‐cell‐volume expansion, resulting in better cycling stability of C–LTP at −10 °C (96.8 % capacity retention over 1000 cycles at 2 C).
Bioactivity of fluorophenyl thiourea derivatives: Antioxidant efficacy and inhibition of key diabetes‐related enzymes
Authors: Bingöl Zeynebe
Published: December 2024

Thiourea structures, known for their wide‐ranging bioactivity, have significant potential in diabetes management. In this study, it was aimed to examine the antioxidant capacities of fluorophenyl thiourea derivative compounds and their inhibition studies on α‐amylase and α‐glycosidase enzyme activity. Antioxidant capacity was determined using Fe3+‐Fe+2, FRAP, and Cu2+‐Cu+ reducing analyses, DPPH· and ABTS·+ scavenging experiments. It was observed that fluorophenyl thiourea derivative compounds exhibited quite high antioxidant activity compared to standard antioxidants such as BHA, BHT, trolox, α‐tocopherol, and ascorbic acid. Additionally, this study investigated the inhibitory effects of the analysis molecules on α‐glycosidase and α‐amylase, which are enzymes associated with diabetes. Among these derivative molecules, 4‐fluorophenyl showed the highest inhibition on α‐amylase (IC50: 53.307 nM) and α‐glycosidase (IC50: 24.928 nM). These results highlight the potential of thiourea derivatives in enzyme inhibition and antioxidant therapy, making them promising candidates for diabetes management.
Fabrication and Characterization of Agar‐ and Seaweed‐Derived Biomembrane Films for Biomedical and Other Applications
Authors: Sudhakar Muthiyal Prabakaran , Nived Sureshkumar Ambika , Dharani Gopal
Published: December 2024

This study focused on seaweed‐based biomembrane development. The physical, mechanical, thermal, and biological properties of the fabricated films with different combinations of materials, such as agar, chitosan, poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA), and quercetin, were characterized. The surface morphology of the films was analyzed using SEM. The maximum tensile strength (53.11 N/mm2), elongation at break (3.42%), and Young's modulus (15.52) of the biomembrane were recorded for the agar + chitosan combination. FT‐Raman analysis confirmed the functional groups shift between the biopolymer and plasticizer used in this study. TG‐DSC analysis of the biomembranes revealed a Tg in the range of 92.80°C–115°C. The maximum antioxidant activity was reported for quercetin (58.62%), and the maximum antimicrobial activity was observed for the chitosan and quercetin compounds against E. coli. A minimum hemolysis of 0.95% was achieved for the combination of agar + quercetin (AQ), agar + PEG (APE), Gracilaria corticata extract + PVA + quercetin (GCPQ) and agar + chitosan (AC) biomembranes. The minimum cytotoxicity of the biomembrane was 62.51% and 63.87% for Gracilaria corticata extract + PVA + quercetin (GCPQ), and agar + PVA, respectively. The proposed biomembrane films were found to be suitable for biomedical and packaging applications.
Reduced glutathione enhances adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cell engraftment efficiency for liver fibrosis by targeting TGFβ1/SMAD3/NOX4 pathway
Authors: Yu Shaoxiong , Wang Yingchao , Shi Yingjun , Yu Saihua , Zhao Bixing , Liao Naishun , Liu Xiaolong
Published: December 2024

Reduced glutathione (GSH) could reduce oxidative stress to improve adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC) engraftment efficiency in vivo. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our goal is to investigate whether GSH enhances ADSC engraftment through targeting the TGFβ/SMAD3/NOX4 pathway. Liver fibrotic male mice were administrated GSH, setanaxib (STX), and SIS3 during ADSC transplantation. ADSC engraftment efficiency and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were detected both in vivo and ex vivo. Biochemical analysis was used to analyze the content of superoxide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NOXs) in liver tissues. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to examine the protein level of NOX1, NOX2, NOX4, transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGFβ1), SMAD3, and p‐SMAD3 in liver tissues. Additionally, the therapeutic efficacy of the ADSC transplantation was further investigated. We found that GSH significantly improved ADSC engraftment efficiency, which was closely related to the reduced ROS generation in liver tissues. However, the enhanced cell engraftment was abolished after the combined treatment with STX or SIS3. GSH could effectively reduce superoxide and NOXs content, and selectively inhibit NOX4 expression in liver tissues. The co‐localization results showed that GSH could reduce NOX4 expressed in activated hepatic stellate cells. Mechanistically, GSH down‐regulated TGFβ/SMAD3 signaling. More importantly, GSH enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of ADSC therapy in liver fibrotic mice. Taken together, GSH could improve the engraftment efficiency of ADSCs in liver fibrosis by targeting TGFβ1/SMAD3/NOX4 signaling pathway, which provides a new theoretical basis for GSH enhancing ADSC engraftment efficiency in liver diseases.
Wearable Technology in the Management of Chronic Diseases: A Growing Concern
Authors: Adepoju Victor Abiola , Jamil Safayet , Biswas Mohammad Shahangir , Chowdhury ABM Alauddin
Published: December 2024

Wearable technology in the management of chronic diseases has emerged as a significant and growing concern in healthcare. These technologies, including smartwatches, fitness trackers, and other sensor‐based devices, offer continuous monitoring and real‐time data collection for individuals with chronic conditions. The data collected can include vital signs, activity levels, sleep patterns, and more, providing valuable insights into a patient's health. This trend is particularly relevant in the context of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular conditions, and respiratory disorders, where continuous monitoring is crucial for effective management. Wearable devices empower patients to actively participate in their healthcare by facilitating self‐monitoring and promoting healthy behaviors. Healthcare providers can also leverage the data generated by these devices to make informed decisions, personalize treatment plans, and intervene proactively. However, challenges exist, such as data security and privacy concerns, the accuracy of the collected information, and the need for effective integration into existing healthcare systems. Despite these challenges, the increasing adoption of wearable technology in chronic disease management reflects a promising avenue for improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs through preventive and personalized care.
Reusable Ni‐Immobilized MOF Catalyst for Dehydrogenation of N‐Heterocycles Under Milder Conditions
Authors: Sk Motahar , Saifi Shadab , Bera Sourajit , Ghosh Adrija , Aijaz Arshad , Banerjee Debasis
Published: December 2024

Herein, we have demonstrated the design and synthesis of a novel Ni‐immobilized MOF as heterogeneous catalyst for the dehydrogenation of N‐heterocycles. A series of five and six‐membered N‐heteroarenes bearing one or more heteroatoms were synthesized in up to 98 % yield (>33 examples). Late stage functionalization to the synthesis of β‐glucuronides inhibitor, antimalarial drug quinine, and the nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) indomethacin were obtained under milder reactions conditions. A series of mechanistic studies revealed the detection of H2 and H2O2 during the progress of the reactions and suggested the involvement of enamine‐imine intermediate species for sequential dehydrogenation. Detailed characterization of the fresh catalyst and reused catalyst were performed using SEM, TEM, BET, PXRD, and EDX elemental mappings. The catalyst could be recycled up to four‐times without much loss in catalytic activities. In‐situ formed defects, pore size enlargement and additional Lewis acid sites within catalyst nanocrystals assisted in attaining high activity and selectivity to N‐heteroarenes.
Developmental and Adult Striatal Patterning of Nociceptin Ligand Marks Striosomal Population With Direct Dopamine Projections
Authors: Hueske Emily , Stine Carrie , Yoshida Tomoko , Crittenden Jill R. , Gupta Akshay , Johnson Joseph C. , Achanta Ananya S. , Bhagavatula Smitha , Loftus Johnny , Mahar Ara , Hu Dan , Azocar Jesus , Gray Ryan J. , Bruchas Michael R. , Graybiel Ann M.
Published: December 2024

Circuit influences on the midbrain dopamine system are crucial to adaptive behavior and cognition. Recent developments in the study of neuropeptide systems have enabled high‐resolution investigations of the intersection of neuromodulatory signals with basal ganglia circuitry, identifying the nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) endogenous opioid peptide system as a prospective regulator of striatal dopamine signaling. Using a prepronociceptin‐Cre reporter mouse line, we characterized highly selective striosomal patterning of Pnoc mRNA expression in mouse dorsal striatum, reflecting the early developmental expression of Pnoc. In the ventral striatum, Pnoc expression in the nucleus accumbens core was grouped in clusters akin to the distribution found in striosomes. We found that PnoctdTomato reporter cells largely comprise a population of dopamine receptor D1 (Drd1) expressing medium spiny projection neurons localized in dorsal striosomes, known to be unique among striatal projection neurons for their direct innervation of midbrain dopamine neurons. These findings provide a new understanding of the intersection of the N/OFQ system among basal ganglia circuits with particular implications for developmental regulation or wiring of striato‐nigral circuits.
Assessment of Efficacy Evidence for Approvals of Novel Drugs in China Between 2018 and 2022
Authors: Xu Yang , Li Xinyu , Guo Qixiang , Chen Qi , Su Mengfan , Zhang Xuenong , Yang Yue
Published: December 2024

After the reform of China's drug review and approval system, there has been a notable increase in the number of novel drugs approved. This cross‐sectional study aimed to assess the characteristics of efficacy evidence for novel drugs approved in China. This study included 240 novel drugs approved by the NMPA for 256 indications between 2018 and 2022. Compared with imported original drugs, the trials of innovative drugs were less frequently subjected to be randomized (67.7% vs. 80.3%; P = 0.01) and placebo (32.3% vs. 45.5%; P = 0.02), and more likely to use external control and surrogate endpoint. There was a significant difference in all features between pivotal trials of drugs with conditional approval and regular approval. Among imported original drugs, the drug for urgent clinical needs used placebo control (58.1% vs. 39.5%; P < 0.001) and scale endpoint more frequently, whereas rare disease drugs seldom utilized active control. The median number of subjects across all pivotal trial intervention groups was 197 (IQR, 86–379), with a median trial duration of 6.0 months (IQR, 3.0–12.7). The median number of pivotal trials per indication for imported original drugs was higher than that of innovative drugs (2.0 [IQR, 1.0–3.0] vs. 1.0 [IQR, 1.0–1.0]; P < 0.001). The innovative drugs typically had either one pivotal trial or one trial plus supportive evidence, both of which accounted for 79.8% of all indications of innovative drugs. The most commonly applied types of supportive evidence across all indications were additional studies and mechanistic evidence. This study illustrated the characteristics of the quality and quantity of efficacy evidence. Special regulatory programs and special drug catalogs offered the agency regulatory flexibility with respect to evidentiary requirements.
Fuzzy‐Markov Routing Policy and Priority‐Based Load Balancing for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Sindhuja S. , Vadivel R.
Published: December 2024

A cognitive radio ad hoc network (CRAHNs) is an infrastructure‐free network containing a cognitive radio, which can use the spectrum resources effectively through an adaptive change of parameter settings and decision‐making. Hence, it enhances the spectrum efficacy for satisfying the growing mobile traffic requests. In multihop CRAHNs, in order to ensure a reliable transmission and energy efficiency, the routing protocol should consider the metrics of channel quality, link stability, and energy consumption. In this paper, a Fuzzy‐Markov routing policy and priority‐based load balancing algorithm (FMRP‐PLB) for CRAHNs is designed. In this protocol, a combined routing metric is derived using delay, energy rate, and link expiration time metrics. For modeling the channel state, a Fuzzy‐Markov decision model is designed, in which the channel states and spectrum availabilities of SU are modeled as state transition matrices. Then, optimum routing decisions are made using the combined routing metric and the predicted transmission success probability. A load balancing metric (LBM) is derived in terms of available link capacity, remaining buffer size of node, and back‐off delay. During data transmission, based on the traffic priority and measured levels of LBM, the optimum paths are selected. Simulation results using NS2 suggest that FMRP‐PLB attains an increased packet delivery ratio with reduced delay and energy consumption.
Greening the OECD: Unravelling the Complex Relationship Between Natural Resource Efficiency, Technological Innovation and Population Density on Ecological Footprint
Authors: Çabaş Meral , Beşer Nazife Özge , Ayaydın Hasan , Barut Abdulkadir , Magazzino Cosimo
Published: December 2024

This paper aims to investigate the relationship among green environmental technologies, resource efficiency, population density and ecological footprint in 38 OECD member countries between 2000 and 2019. The Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQREG) and Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimators are used to analyse this relationship. Based on the results, strong evidence of a negative relationship between green environmental technologies, resource efficiency, population density and ecological footprint emerges, suggesting that these factors contribute to environmental improvement in OECD economies. Overall, the findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics among these variables and provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders striving for sustainable environmental management and policy formulation. In this context, countries should develop standard guidelines and best practices on green technologies and resource efficiency, making it easier for sectors to adapt in these areas.
Changes in Functional Connectivity Relate to Modulation of Cognitive Control by Subthalamic Stimulation
Authors: Achtzehn Johannes , Grospietsch Friederike , Horn Alexandra , Güttler Christopher , Horn Andreas , Marcelino Ana Luísa de Almeida , Wenzel Gregor , Schneider Gerd‐Helge , Neumann Wolf‐Julian , Kühn Andrea A.
Published: December 2024

Subthalamic (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients not only improves kinematic parameters of movement but also modulates cognitive control in the motor and non‐motor domain, especially in situations of high conflict. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between DBS‐induced changes in functional connectivity at rest and modulation of response‐ and movement inhibition by STN‐DBS in a visuomotor task involving high conflict. During DBS ON and OFF conditions, we conducted a visuomotor task in 14 PD patients who previously underwent resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI) acquisitions DBS ON and OFF as part of a different study. In the task, participants had to move a cursor with a pen on a digital tablet either toward (automatic condition) or in the opposite direction (controlled condition) of a target. STN‐DBS induced modulation of resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) as a function of changes in behavior ON versus OFF DBS was estimated using link‐wise network‐based statistics. Behavioral results showed diminished reaction time adaptation and higher pen‐to‐target movement velocity under DBS. Reaction time reduction was associated with attenuated functional connectivity between cortical motor areas, basal ganglia, and thalamus. On the other hand, increased movement velocity ON DBS was associated with stronger pallido‐thalamic connectivity. These findings suggest that decoupling of a motor cortico‐basal ganglia network underlies impaired inhibitory control in PD patients undergoing subthalamic DBS and highlight the concept of functional network modulation through DBS.
Clinical Presentations and Surgical Features of Morgagni Hernia in Adults: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Mardani Parviz , Dalfardi Farzad , Bahmani Saman , Rahmati Rahem , Zarimeidani Fatemeh , Ziaian Bizhan , Amirian Armin , Vafabin Masoud , Shahriarirad Reza
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

Morgagni hernias are rare congenital diaphragmatic defects that can lead to bowel obstruction and incarceration if not repaired. While this disease typically manifests as respiratory distress, frequent respiratory infections, and infant growth failure, it can sometimes be accidentally discovered in adulthood through cross‐sectional imaging. We aimed to report our experience managing this entity during 20 years at our referral center.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed of adult patients diagnosed with Morgagni diaphragmatic hernia who underwent surgery at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in two main referral hospitals between 2002 and 2022. Patients' demographic and clinical data, including surgical features and hospitalization, course were extracted and subsequently analyzed.

Results

Seventeen patients, including three men and 14 women, with an age range of 26 to 92 years (average age 61.5 years), were diagnosed with Morgagni diaphragmatic hernia. Three patients had left‐sided hernias, and 14 had right‐sided hernias. The most common clinical manifestations were shortness of breath and abdominal pain. The most commonly herniated contents were the omentum and colon. All patients underwent laparotomy, and the hernia sac was removed in 11 patients.

Conclusions

Morgagni is a rare congenital diaphragmatic hernia usually diagnosed incidentally. Laparoscopic repair has high success rates and is a viable option for patients with this pathology.
Combination Effect of Phenylalanine‐Arginine‐Beta‐Naphthylamide and Curcumin on the Expression of the mexY Gene in Aminoglycoside‐Resistant Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Charkhi Parisa , Haghshenas Mohammad Reza , Mirzaei Bahman , Khalili Younes , Goli Hamid Reza
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

Overexpression of MexXY‐OprM efflux pump causes resistance to aminoglycosides in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We aimed to investigate the relationship between resistance to aminoglycosides and the MexXY‐OprM expression level in P. aeruginosa clinical isolates without and after treatment with curcumin and/or phenylalanine‐arginine‐beta‐naphthylamide (PAβN) as the efflux pump inhibitors.

Methods

We collected 100 clinical isolates from hospitalized patients. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of aminoglycosides were determined by the micro‐broth dilution method in the presence and absence of PAβN and/or curcumin. Then, real‐time PCR was used to determine the expression level of the MexXY‐OprM efflux pump.

Results

In this study, 34%, 35%, 10%, 38%, 43%, 42%, and 39% of the clinical isolates were resistant to gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, netilmicin, spectinomycin, kanamycin, and streptomycin, respectively. Also, 45% of the isolates showed an overexpression of the mexY gene, while 31 (68.88%) isolates exhibited a 2–3‐fold overexpression, and 14 (31.11%) isolates had a more than threefold overexpression of the mexY gene. However, 4 (8.88%) isolates showed a ≥ 10‐fold overexpression of this gene. The combination of PAβN with spectinomycin, netilmicin, streptomycin, and kanamycin exhibited a reduced MIC range of these aminoglycosides in 93.02%, 86.8%, 76.9%, and 71.4% of resistant isolates, respectively. Additionally, all gentamicin‐, tobramycin‐, kanamycin‐, streptomycin‐, and netilmicin‐resistant isolates showed a decreased MIC range in combination with curcumin. The most synergistic effect of curcumin and PAβN was observed in combination with spectinomycin, while the least synergistic effect was detected with kanamycin.

Conclusion

Curcumin can be a significant efflux inhibitor as an adjuvant in combination with aminoglycosides for successful treatment of patients infected by P. aeruginosa overexpressing the MexXY‐OprM efflux pump.
Zero‐Flow Dynamics for Headwater Streams in a Humid Forested Landscape
Authors: Leach Jason A. , Webster Kara L. , Hudson Danielle T. , Buttle James , Nehemy Magali
Published: December 2024

Much of our understanding on temporary headwater streams is from arid and sub‐humid environments. We know less about zero‐flow periods in humid headwater catchments that experience seasonal snow cover. Our study characterised the temporal and spatial patterns of zero‐flow periods for forested headwater streams in a snow‐dominated landscape. We used 36 years of streamflow data from 13 headwater catchments within the Turkey Lakes Watershed located on the Canadian Shield in Ontario, Canada, near the eastern shores of Lake Superior. These headwater catchments differ substantially in their number of May–November zero‐flow days (0–166 days per year) despite being clustered in a small geographical area with similar geology, physiography and vegetation cover. The catchments also experience similar continental climatic conditions with relatively even precipitation inputs throughout the year (mean annual precipitation of 1210 mm/year). Inter‐annual variability in the number of zero‐flow days was primarily associated with May–November precipitation and evapotranspiration. Despite the large seasonal snowpacks that form in this region, the amount of snow did not appear to influence the extent of zero‐flow periods. We found that between‐catchment variability in zero‐flow occurrences was related to differences in catchment area and catchment properties typically associated with greater groundwater influence. Our study suggests that occurrences of zero‐flows in headwater streams can be highly variable even over small geographical regions and that flow permanence may be more sensitive to spring to fall weather conditions than the influence of snow due partly to the shallow soils typically found on the Canadian Shield.
Treatment of recurrent priapism using proximal shunt: Quackles technique
Authors: Toledo Jiménez Miguel , Carracedo Calvo David , Moscatiello Pietro , Fiorillo Alessandro , Quintana Álvarez Rebeca , Pereira Rodríguez Nathalie , Hernández Bermejo Irene , Miñana Toscano Iñigo , Sánchez Encinas Miguel
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Recurrent priapism is a rare variant of ischemic priapism that involves recurrent erections typically lasting less than 4 h. The primary goal of treatment is to prevent future episodes, with options ranging from pharmacological treatments to various surgeries.

Case presentation

A 38‐year‐old man experienced multiple episodes of priapism that were refractory to angioembolization of an arteriocavernous fistula and oral treatment with Cetirizine and Bicalutamide. After the patient refused intracavernous self‐injections, various surgical options were considered. Ultimately, a proximal penile shunt surgery with a cavernosal–spongiosal shunt using the Quackles technique was chosen, which proved effective in preventing episodes and did not affect the patient's erectile function.

Conclusion

Penile shunt surgery using the Quackles proximal technique is a safe and effective option for the treatment of recurrent priapism.
RIS–Assisted Propagation Control in CDMA‐FBMC‐OQAM System
Authors: Patra Radhashyam , Mahapatro Arunanshu
Published: December 2024

This framework incorporates the Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS)–assisted propagation control in Code Division Multiple Access‐Filter Bank MultiCarrier‐Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (CDMA‐FBMC‐OQAM) system. In this system, the modulated signal is reflected by the RIS, which is composed of many tiny passive reflecting elements, and then transmitted through the channel to the receiver. The multiple reflected signals from the RIS are collected at the receiver and then FBMC demodulated and then CDMA despread, which improves the Instantaneous Signal‐to‐Noise‐Ratio (ISNR) of the detected signal. As a result, Bit‐Error‐Probability (BEP) performance is improved.
Improving the Efficiency of Electrostatic Embedding Using the Fast Multipole Method
Authors: Colinet Pauline , Neese Frank , Helmich‐Paris Benjamin
Published: December 2024

This paper reports the improvement in the efficiency of embedded‐cluster model (ECM) calculations in ORCA thanks to the implementation of the fast multipole method. Our implementation is based on state‐of‐the‐art algorithms and revisits certain aspects, such as efficiently and accurately handling the extent of atomic orbital shell pairs. This enables us to decompose near‐field and far‐field terms in what we believe is a simple and effective manner. The main result of this work is an acceleration of the evaluation of electrostatic potential integrals by at least one order of magnitude, and up to two orders of magnitude, while maintaining excellent accuracy (always better than the chemical accuracy of 1 kcal/mol). Moreover, the implementation is versatile enough to be used with molecular systems through QM/MM approaches. The code has been fully parallelized and is available in ORCA 6.0.
A patient with a PTPN11 gene variant complicated with Chiari I malformation and syringomyelia and a review of literatures
Authors: Yi Zhi , Xue Jiao , Song Zhenfeng , Li Fei , Yang Chengqing , Zhang Ying
Published: December 2024

Background

According to previous literature reports, PTPN11 gene variants account for approximately 50% of Noonan syndrome (NS) cases and 85% of Leopard syndrome (LS) cases. Several patients who were diagnosed with NS or LS complicated with Chiari I malformation (CIM) and/or syringomyelia have been reported to have a PTPN11 variant. However, it is not always clear whether the association between CIM and/or syringomyelia and PTPN11 variants is real or random. We try to explain this phenomenon by reporting a clinical case and making a mini‐review.

Methods

We retrospectively described a clinical case in detail and made a genetic test on the proband and her family members using whole‐exome sequencing. And made a review of the related literatures.

Results

The patient was manifesting progressive abnormal gait and muscle weakness for more than 2 years before she was admitted to our hospital at the age of 5 years and 2 months. On examination, she looked frail and slender. She had short stature, mild intellectual disability, decreased muscle strength in the left limb, thinner left limb, left hollow foot and foot drop, weakened left knee and Achilles tendon reflexes and a positive left Babinski sign. She looked timid and had very little expressive language. MRI of the brain and spine revealed CIM and syringomyelia with hydrops. Cardiac ultrasonography revealed an ostium secundum defect. ECG examination showed no abnormalities. She received a spinal cavity subarachnoid shunt; the symptoms were relieved to some extent, and the cavity in the lumbar vertebrae was significantly reduced after the surgery. Genetic testing found a variant, c. 922A>G (p. Asn308Asp) in the PTPN11 gene. Both parents were wild‐type at this locus. A literature review found that 31 patients with NS or LS were complicated with CIM, syringomyelia or both. Together with our patient, a total of six patients in this group had the PTPN11 gene variant. Among them, four were complicated with both CIM and syringomyelia, and two were complicated with CIM only.

Conclusions

We report another case with a PTPN11 variant that was complicated with both CIM and syringomyelia. It suggests that CIM and syringomyelia may be clinical manifestations of PTPN11 variation‐related diseases. This phenomenon may be underrated due to limitations of genetic diagnostic methods in the past. We strongly suggest routine craniocerebral and spinal MRI scans and genetic testing for patients suspected of having NS or LS.
A Survey Assessing Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Knowledge Among Hepatologists and Non‐Hepatologists in China
Authors: Colombo Laura
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim

A global increase in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence has been observed in the last decade. This study assesses knowledge, awareness, and clinical practice gaps of hepatologists and non‐hepatologists in NAFLD management across hospitals in China.

Methods

A web‐based quantitative survey was conducted, and participants included hepatologists (gastroenterologists and infectious disease specialists) and non‐hepatologists (internal medicine specialists, cardiologists, and pharmacists) from various hospitals across China.

Results

In total, 1627 healthcare practitioners (HCPs) responded to the survey. This included 658 hepatologists and 969 non‐hepatologists. In comparison to 92.6% hepatologists, only 58.0% of non‐hepatologists were aware of NAFLD. A higher proportion of hepatologists (82.8%) performed screening for NAFLD compared to non‐hepatologists (56.9%). Majority of the hepatologists (70%) and non‐hepatologists (67%) were aware of the four primary recommendations for managing NAFLD. Only 11% of hepatologists did not manage NAFLD patients, mainly because they felt they did not have enough time (66.7%). Of the 36% non‐hepatologists who did not manage NAFLD, 78.4% stated that NAFLD is not their specialty, and 38.6% were not familiar with the treatment options.

Conclusion

Most hepatologists were aware of and agreed to performing screening for NAFLD compared to non‐hepatologists. Both hepatologists and non‐hepatologists exhibited similar level of understanding on NAFLD management. However, a small percentage of both hepatologists and non‐hepatologists admitted that they did not manage NAFLD patients because they were not familiar with available treatment options. This underscores the importance of further educating HCPs involved in managing NAFLD.
Sleep quality in children with hepatic glycogen storage diseases, a prospective observational pilot study
Authors: Agnoletto Lucas , Vandeleur Moya , White Mary , Adams Anne‐Marie , Halligan Rebecca , Peters Heidi
Published: December 2024

Background

Hepatic glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are characterised by enzyme defects affecting liver glycogen metabolism, where carbohydrate supplementation to prevent overnight hypoglycaemia is common. Concerns around sleep quality in hepatic GSDs relate to emerging evidence that overnight dysglycaemia impacts sleep quality.

Methods

This prospective observational study reported sleep quality and duration in children with hepatic GSDs over 7 days utilising: actigraphy (Actiwatch 2 by Phillips Respironics), sleep diaries, proxy reported age‐appropriate sleep and quality‐of‐life (QoL) questionnaires, in the context of nocturnal glycaemic profiles continuous glucose monitor (CGM, Dexcom G6) and nocturnal dietary management strategies. Significant hypo‐ and hyperglycaemia were defined as ≥1% of sleep diary documented nocturnal period, recording <3.5 and >10.0 mmol/L, respectively.

Results

Seven children with hepatic GSD (aged 1–17 years) participated. Objective sleep quality was poor, with actigraphy demonstrating that no child achieved the minimum sleep duration recommended for age. Subjective sleep quality was also poor, with 4/5 documenting significant daytime sleepiness and 6/6 reporting poor sleep hygiene. Children prescribed overnight bolus feeds (OBF) (n = 2) recorded shorter sleep duration compared to other nocturnal management strategies. Parent‐reported QoL suggested poor disease‐related QoL outcomes for this cohort.

Conclusion

Objective and subjective sleep disturbances and reduced QoL are common within our sample of children with hepatic GSD. From our observations these outcomes may be linked to nutritional overnight interventions, especially OBFs, rather than overnight glucose levels. Consideration of the impacts of overnight feeding strategies on sleep quality and QoL in children with hepatic GSD should inform future management strategies.
Performance Evaluation of Molecular Detection of Enteroviruses: Results of 18 Years of Quality Control for Molecular Diagnostics (QCMD) External Quality Assessment Program, 2005−2022
Authors: Benschop Kimberley S. M. , Staines Harry , Mckloud Emily , McCulloch Elaine , Montgomery Dorothy , Sutton Greg , Mantke O. Donoso , van Loon Anton
Published: December 2024

The gold standard for enterovirus (EV) detection is the polymerase chain reaction based on the detection of the 5' untranslated region of the virus. Correct detection of EV is crucial for patient and public health purposes. The performance of diagnostic and public health laboratories on molecular EV‐detection was analyzed using data from the external quality assessment program distributed by Quality Control for Molecular Diagnostics (QCMD) between 2005 and 2022. Overall performance on core samples of both laboratory types has improved over the years for in‐house or commercial assays (overall performance rate > 94.8%) since 2013. A similar improvement was observed for negative/specificity samples. Performance on EV‐positive samples varied, with the lowest performance observed on samples containing enterovirus D68 (B3 strain) and echovirus 11. Significant differences in performance were observed between laboratory and assay types. Performance of diagnostic laboratories (91.8) was significantly higher than of public health laboratories (89.9%; p < 0.0001). Additionally, a significant higher performance of diagnostic laboratories using commercial assays was observed (92.5% vs. 91.2% for in‐house assays; p < 0.0001). In contrast, the performance of public health laboratories using in‐house assays (90.1%) was higher than commercial assays (89.2%; p = 0.3608). The data document the improved performance of diagnostic and public health laboratories using either commercial or in‐house assays.
Multi‐Organ Spread and Intra‐Host Diversity of SARS‐CoV‐2 Support Viral Persistence, Adaptation, and a Mechanism That Increases Evolvability
Authors: Manrique Julieta M. , Maffia‐Bizzozero Santiago , Delpino M. Victoria , Quarleri Jorge , Jones Leandro R.
Published: December 2024

Intra‐host diversity is an intricate phenomenon related to immune evasion, antiviral resistance, and evolutionary leaps along transmission chains. SARS‐CoV‐2 intra‐host variation has been well‐evidenced from respiratory samples. However, data on systemic dissemination and diversification are relatively scarce and come from immunologically impaired patients. Here, the presence and variability of SARS‐CoV‐2 were assessed among 71 tissue samples obtained from multiple organs including lung, intestine, heart, kidney, and liver from 15 autopsies with positive swabs and no records of immunocompromise. The virus was detected in most organs in the majority of autopsies. All organs presented intra‐host single nucleotide variants (iSNVs) with low, moderate, and high abundances. The iSNV abundances observed within different organs indicate that the virus can mutate at one host site and subsequently spread to other parts of the body. In agreement with previous data from respiratory samples, our lung samples presented no more than 10 iSNVs each. But interestingly, when analyzing different organs we were able to detect between 11 and 45 iSNVs per case. Our results indicate that SARS‐CoV‐2 can replicate, and evolve in a compartmentalized manner, in different body sites, which agrees with the “viral reservoir” theory. We elaborate on how compartmentalized evolution in multiple organs may contribute to SARS‐CoV‐2 evolving so rapidly despite the virus having a proofreading mechanism.
Hepatic Flare Following Effective Antiretroviral Therapy Is Associated With HBsAg Seroclearance in HBV/HIV‐1 Co‐Infection
Authors: Lin Weiyin , He Yaozu , Gu Fei , Hu Fengyu , Yu Haisheng , Li Hong , Liu Cong , Tang Xiaoping , Cai Weiping , Li Linghua
Published: December 2024

Little is known about the clinical significance of hepatic flare following effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) on HBsAg seroclearance and prognosis in HBV/HIV co‐infection. This observational cohort study recruited HBV/HIV‐1 co‐infected patients from the China National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program. We obtained longitudinal information on demographic characteristics, clinical indicators, and treatment outcomes. Hepatic flare was defined as an elevation of ALT of more than five times the upper limit of the normal range without an upsurge of HBV DNA or HBsAg at any time point between ART initiation and 12 months. Among the 1354 enrolled patients, 98.7% received two anti‐HBV drugs containing ART and 95.1% achieved good viral control. Hepatic flare was observed in 88 (6.5%) patients and was more frequent in those with lower baseline immune function but subsequently enhanced immune reconstitution. Over a median follow‐up of 4.7 years, we observed 99 HBsAg seroclearance, 9 hepatic events, 6 HIV‐associated malignancy, 3 non‐HIV‐associated malignancy, and 3 all‐cause mortality. The 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year cumulative incidence of HBsAg seroclearance was 6.4%, 8.9%, and 12.9%, respectively. Compared to patients without hepatic flare, patients with hepatic flare had significantly higher rates of HBsAg seroclearance (13.6% vs. 6.9%, p = 0.018) but had no recorded adverse outcome. Multivariate analysis with different models indicated that hepatic flare was independently associated with HBsAg seroclearance especially in patients with low immune function, normal ALT, and high levels of HBV DNA and HBsAg at baseline. In HBV/HIV‐1 co‐infection, hepatic flare following effective ART is associated with HBsAg seroclearance. HBV‐specific T cells immune reconstitution may represent a potential mechanism which deserves further investigation.
Preparation of composite film based on corn starch and soybean fiber composites blended in 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride
Authors: Zhao Zhe , Yang Rui , Chen Dan , Wan Jie , Huang Wenwen , Prakash Sangeeta
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

To overcome the deficiency of pure starch in film‐forming performance, ionic liquids (ILs) have been introduced when preparing a homogeneous blend of starch and fiber. It is essential to select the appropriate ratio of starch to fiber and evaluate the film‐forming property of the resulted composites. In the present study, 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([EMIM]Cl) was used to prepare composites of soybean fiber (SF) and corn starch (CS) at various ratios. The gelatinization properties, water holding capacity, expansibility and film‐forming properties of CS‐SF composites were measured.

RESULTS

The results showed that the composites had good water holding capacity and expansibility. They easily dissolved in water to form a low‐viscosity solution, which contributed to improve their film‐forming performance. Furthermore, the addition of SF improved the mechanical and barrier properties of the film, and composites with higher SF content exhibited excellent film pliability that remained flexibility even after 30 days of storage.

CONCLUSION

The findings demonstrate that the ratio of corn starch to soybean fiber will affect the film‐forming properties of the composites formed in [EMIM]Cl. The CS‐SF composite film with a CS to SF ratio of 1:1 exhibited the best overall performance. The performance improvement of these CS‐SF composite films may be attributed to the molecular entanglement or intermolecular interaction between starch and fiber. These findings provide valuable information for the development of degradable starch‐fiber composite films. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Comprehensive Investigation of Sweroside Metabolism in Rats Using a De Novo Strategy Based on Ultra‐High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography/Quadrupole‐Exactive Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Sun Xuelin , Shang Zhanpeng , Zhang Yatong , Qiu Jiantao , Tan Xueying
Published: December 2024

Sweroside, a natural secoiridoid glycoside derived from various medicinal plants, is known for its anti‐tumor, anti‐inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties. However, its pharmacological significance is not fully supported by its low systemic exposure. In this study, a de novo strategy was proposed to investigate the metabolism of sweroside in rats, including drug administration, sample pretreatment, ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/Quadrupole‐Exactive mass spectrometry data acquisition, data processing, and semi‐quantitative analysis. First, following oral administration of sweroside to rats, plasma, urine, and feces were collected, and respectively mixed using the area‐under‐the‐curve pooling method. Secondly, data‐dependent, dynamic exclusion, and parallel reaction monitoring scan modes were employed to build a tandem mass spectra database. Using a neutral loss fragment‐based method, target metabolites were effectively filtered. As a result, sweroside was demonstrated to be extensively metabolized, while 18 metabolites were identified and nine of them were newly reported. Sweroside predominantly underwent phase II metabolism, including glycosylation, sulfonation, glucuronidation, and deglycosylation, and were primarily excreted via the kidney. Notably, N‐heterocyclization (M7 and M10) was likely catalyzed by intestinal bacteria. This study not only elucidates the in vivo drug elimination of sweroside but also offers an efficient approach for profiling the metabolism of specific molecules.
On the size‐dependent vibrations of doubly curved porous shear deformable FGM microshells
Authors: Karami Behrouz , Ghayesh Mergen H. , Hussain Shahid , Amabili Marco
Published: December 2024

This paper aims to analyse the free vibrations of doubly curved imperfect shear deformable functionally graded material microshells using a five‐parameter shear deformable model. Porosity is modeled via the modified power‐law rule by a logarithmic‐uneven variation along the thickness. Coupled axial, transverse, and rotational motion equations for general doubly curved microsystems are obtained by a virtual work/energy of Hamilton's principle using a modified first‐order shear deformable theory including small size dependence. The modal decomposition method is then used to obtain a solution for different geometries of microshells: spherical, elliptical, hyperbolic, and cylindrical. A detailed study on the influence of material gradation and porosity, small‐length scale coefficient, and geometrical parameters on the frequency characteristics of the microsystem is conducted for different shell geometries.
Confidence Intervals for the Risk Difference Between Secondary and Primary Infection Based on the Method of Variance Estimates Recovery
Authors: Chen Chao , Li Yuanzhen , Wei Qitong , Huang Zhigang , Chen Yanting
Published: December 2024

The risk difference (RD) between the secondary infection, given the primary infection, and the primary infection can be a useful measure of the change in the infection rates of the primary infection and the secondary infection. It plays an important role in pharmacology and epidemiology. The method of variance estimate recovery (MOVER) is used to construct confidence intervals (CIs) for the RD. Seven types of CIs for binomial proportion are introduced to obtain MOVER‐based CIs for the RD. The simulation studies show that the Agresti‐Coull CI, score method incorporating continuity correction CI, Clopper Pearson CI, and Bayesian credibility CI are conservative. The Jeffreys CI, Wilson score CI, and Arcsin CI draw a satisfactory performance; they are suitable for various practical application scenarios as they can provide accurate and reliable results. To illustrate that the recommended CIs are competitive or even better than other methods, three real datasets were used.
Neighborhood Face Index: A New Quantitative Structure Property Relationship (QSPR) Approach for Predicting Physical Properties of Polycyclic Chemical Compounds
Authors: Raza Ali , Rasheed Muhammad Waheed , Mahboob Abid , Ismaeel Mishal
Published: December 2024

Topological indices (TIs) are numerical parameters that characterize the biochemical and physio‐chemical properties of compounds. These graph‐based descriptors are valuable tools for predicting key attributes, such as melting points, boiling points, bond energies, and bond lengths, based on the molecular structures of the compounds. A variety of TIs have been developed, including the Randić index, Zagreb index, atom‐bond connectivity index, geometric index, and harmonic index. In this work, we introduce a new topological index called the neighborhood face index, which demonstrates a strong correlation with various physical properties such as bond energies and boiling points, achieving a correlation coefficient of . This indicates its robust predictive capability. Furthermore, the results are thoroughly analyzed using graphical tools to provide deeper insights.
Nonequilibrium Dynamics at Cellular Interfaces: Insights From Simulation and Theory
Authors: Jiao Zheng , Gao Lijuan , Jin Xueqing , Li Jiaqi , Wang Yuming , Chen Wenlong , Yan Li‐Tang
Published: December 2024

Active matters, which consume energy to exert mechanical forces, include molecular motors, synthetic nanomachines, actively propelled bacteria, and viruses. A series of unique phenomena emerge when active matters interact with cellular interfaces. Activity changes the mechanism of nanoparticle intracellular delivery, while active mechanical processes generated in the cytoskeleton play a major role in membrane protein distribution and transport. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the theoretical and simulation models used to study these nonequilibrium phenomena, offering insights into how activity enhances cellular uptake, influences membrane deformation, and governs surface transport dynamics. Furthermore, we explore the impact of membrane properties, such as fluidity and viscosity, on transport efficiency and discuss the slippage dynamics and active rotation behaviors on the membrane surface. The interplay of active particles and membranes highlights the essential role of nonequilibrium dynamics in cellular transport processes, with potential applications in drug delivery and nanotechnology. Finally, we provide an outlook highlighting the significance of deeper theoretical and simulation‐based investigations to optimize active particles and understand their behavior in complex biological environments.