bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Allelic Diversity Revealed Through SSR Polymorphisms at the Locus Encoding HMG-CoA Reductase in Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis)
Authors: Saha T. , Roy C. B. , Ravindran M. , Bini K. , Nazeer M. A.
Published: October 2017

This study was carried out to define the extent of allelic variation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase gene (HMGR) in wild Hevea accessions, based on SSR polymorphisms existing at their 3’-untranslated regions (UTRs). Existence of two microsatellite alleles and their repeat compositions was demonstrated earlier in cultivated rubber clones. Both alleles contained perfect poly (AG)n repeats interrupted by a short sequence of 12 nucleotides and allelic variation at this microsatellite locus was the result of repeat length polymorphisms. In wild populations of rubber, nine microsatellite alleles (‘A’ to ‘I’) were identified at the HMGR locus revealing a wide allelic diversity compared to cultivated clones. Out of nine, four alleles (‘B’, ‘C’, ‘D’ and ‘G’) were present in higher frequencies than the others. In total, 15 allelic combinations were noticed for HMGR among wild accessions and four of them were unique. Twenty-five out of 60 wild accessions were found to be homozygous for the above four alleles (‘BB’, ‘CC’, ‘DD’ and ‘GG’) and the rest were heterozygous, characterized by 11 different allelic combinations. Repeat-length polymorphisms were noticed in these four alleles prevailing among wild Hevea accessions. Genetic relatedness of Mato Grosso accessions with cultivated Hevea clones, as revealed through this study, is in agreement with earlier reports on phylogenetic studies using molecular markers. This work is a significant step towards understanding the functional variability of HMGR for latex production in Hevea brasiliensis.
Differential Growth and Rooting of Upland and Peatland Black Spruce, Picea mariana, in Drained and Flooded Soils
Authors: Yang R.-C. , Yeh F. C.
Published: October 2017

A reciprocal experiment was analyzed to determine whether 30 open-pollinated families of peatland and upland populations of black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.] sampled from a single area in north-central Alberta, Canada, performed consistently when grown in either flooded or well-drained soils (i.e., if there is a family x soil interaction or generally called genotype x environment interaction (GEI)). The data for the analysis consisted of five traits (height, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, root/shoot dry weight ratio and number of braches) describing growth and rooting performance of tree seedlings in flooded and drained soils (root environments) in a greenhouse for 16 weeks. A mixed-model analysis was used to characterize GEI. The analysis revealed an interesting contrast of GEI patterns between the peatland vs. upland populations: GEI was absent (as indicated by a perfect correlation between flooded and drained soils) in peatland population but present in the upland population. Our results from the characterization of GEI are also consistent with the well-known theory about selection in different environments that correlated responses due to indirect selection are in general less than direct responses. The contrasting patterns of GEI in peatland vs. upland populations may be reflective of different strategies of adaptation to the contrasting environmental conditions, with the peatland trees growing slowly but steadily and with the upland populations growing fast and very responsive to environmental changes.
Short Note: Seed Source Variation in Seedling and Nodulation Characters in Dalbergia sissoo Roxb
Authors: Devagiri G. M. , Dhiman R. C. , Naveen Kumar P. , Patil C. S. P.
Published: October 2017

Study was conducted involving 20 seed sources of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb., collected from the greater part of its distributional range to understand the variation, particularly in nodulation pattern associated with seed sources. Seedling height, number of nodules per seedling and seedling biomass exhibited strong seed source dependent variation. While collar diameter and nodule diameter showed statistically non-significant differences among seed sources. Significant positive correlations were observed between growth characters (seedling height, collar diameter and root length). Highly significant positive correlation was observed between total number of nodules/seedling with root length and seedling dry matter indicating the influence of root length on nodulation and in turn the effect of nodulation on seedling biomass production. The selection therefore, should be aimed at seed source with highest level of susceptibility to root nodulation with rhizobia which could perform well in the initial stages of plantation establishment on poor sites.
Genotype-Species Interactions in Neighbourhoods of Forest Tree Communities
Authors: Wehenkel Chr. , Bergmann F. , Gregorius H.-R.
Published: October 2017

Studies on plant communities of various annual species suggest that there are particular biotic interactions among individuals from different species which could be the basis for long-term species coexistence. In the course of a large survey on species-genetic diversity relationships in several forest tree communities, it was found that statistically significant differences exist among isozyme genotype frequencies of conspecific tree groups, which differ only by species identity of their neighbours. Based on a specific measure, the association of the neighbouring species with the genotypes of the target species or that of the genotypes with the neighbouring species was quantified. Since only AAT and HEK of the five analysed enzyme systems differed in their genotype frequencies among several tree groups of the same target species, a potential involvement of their enzymatic function in the observed differences was discussed. The results of this study demonstrate a fine-scale genetic differentiation within single tree species of forest communities, which may be the result of biotic interactions between the genetic structure of a species and the species composition of its community. This observation also suggests the importance of intraspecific genetic variation for interspecific adaptation.
Genetic Variation and Climatic Impacts on Survival and Growth of White Spruce in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Rweyongeza D. M. , Yang R.-C. , Dhir N. K. , Barnhardt L. K. , Hansen C.
Published: October 2017

Because climate has the greatest effect in determining the genetic structure of forest tree species, climatic variables with large effects on growth and survival need to be identified. This would enable proper matching of tree populations to planting sites in the present and future climates. We analysed 24-year survival (S24), height (H24) and diameter (D24) from a series of white spruce provenance trials with 46 populations and 8 test sites in Alberta, Canada. We determined: (1) the amount and pattern of genetic variation, (2) the response of populations to climatic transfer and (3) the potential effects of climate change (2030-2039) on H24 and S24 of the species in Alberta. We found that: (1) using the intraclass correlation, the between-population genetic variance was 10.6% (H24) and 6.6% (D24) of the betweenpopulation phenotypic variance across sites, (2) three climatic white spruce regions exist in Alberta within which variation in growth potential is strongly clinal, (3) the annual moisture index (AMI) expressed as a ratio of degree days above 5°C (GDD) and mean annual precipitation (MAP) was the major determinant of survival and growth at the test sites, (4) we found that at the level of AMI predicted for the 2030-2039 period, survival and growth would decline substantially in the continental part (northern and central) of Alberta where drought already exists. However, during the same period, survival and growth would increase substantially in the foothills and Rocky Mountains region where growth is currently limited by low GDD due to a short growing season.
Gene Flow Between Introduced and Native Eucalyptus Species: Morphological Analysis of Tri-Species and Backcross Hybrids Involving E. nitens
Authors: Barbour C. , Potts B. M. , Vaillancourt R. E.
Published: October 2017

Morphometric analyses were conducted on second-generation tri-species and backcross hybrids in Eucalyptus. These hybrids were all produced using pollen from two E. nitens x cordata F1 hybrids and controlled pollination techniques. Tri-species hybrids were created with E. gunnii, E. ovata and E. viminalis as females, while backcrosses were produced with E. cordata. Multivariate analysis of seedling characteristics indicated that eighty percent of the backcross hybrids fell within the morphological range of E. cordata. All three cross combinations of the tri-species hybrids were biased away from E. nitens and towards their maternal parent and E. cordata. The inclusion of data for first-generation (F1) hybrids between the pure parental species in the current work showed the F1’s to be easily distinguishable from pure species, compared to second-generation hybrids. The use of morphology for detecting second-generation hybridisation involving exotic plantation species and native eucalypt populations will therefore be unreliable, and identifies a need for preventing second-generation hybrids from establish in the wild. The current work, nevertheless, provides further demonstration of the effectiveness of morphological identification of F1 hybrids. The easy recognition of F1 hybrids will be useful in identifying sites and species at risk of exotic gene flow and enable the development of weeding programs that focus on removing exotic hybrids in the wild.
Characterization of a Suite of 40 EST-derived Microsatellite Markers For Use in Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr)
Authors: A’Hara S. W. , Cottrell J. E.
Published: October 2017

This paper describes 40 novel, data-mined, polymorphic microsatellite loci for use in a QTL association study in Sitka spruce. Publicly available EST sequences of Picea in Genbank were searched in silico for simple sequence repeat (SSR) motifs, principally dinucleotide microsatellites, and PCR primers were designed to flank these regions. PCR amplification was carried out in the progeny of a full-sib family to test simple Mendelian inheritance. For further characterization, the amplification products of Sitka spruce material from unrelated trees were assessed to determine the potential of these loci for population genetic studies. These polymorphic markers therefore represent a valuable tool-kit both for establishing a molecular map of this species and for Picea genetic population studies.
High Levels of Outcrossing in a Family Trial of Western Australian Sandalwood (Santalum spicatum)
Authors: Muir K. , Byrne M. , Barbour E. , Cox M. C. , Fox J. E. D.
Published: October 2017

The mating system of Western Australian sandalwood (Santalum spicatum) was investigated in seed collections from a family trial. The mean outcrossing rate was high (95.2%) although there was variation among families and one family showed particularly low outcrossing, high bi-parental inbreeding and high correlated paternity. Variation in flowering time between this family and others in the trial was the most likely cause of the high inbreeding and low number of fathers contributing to the seed crop in trees from this family. The high level of outcrossing in the rest of the families indicated that S. spicatum has a preferentially outcrossed mating system, but that it is capable of selfing when conditions are unsuitable for outcrossing. The seedling progeny showed no influence of inbreeding on seedling height at 4 months. Analysis of genetic diversity revealed high levels of genetic diversity have been captured in the seed crop from the trial, and this diversity is comparable to that identified in a previous study of natural populations from throughout the range of the species. These results indicated that production of seed through seed orchards will be a successful means of deployment of breeding gains in the species, however it is essential to ensure overlap in flowering times among different families planted in a seed orchard.
Realized Genetic Gains of Rust Resistant Selections of Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii) Planted in High Rust Hazard Sites
Authors: Vergara R. , White T. L. , Huber D. A. , Schmidt R. A.
Published: October 2017

Realized gains from selection for resistance to the fungal disease fusiform rust caused by Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme were estimated using data from five field trials planted on large rectangular plots in high rust-hazard sites. These five realized gain trials, planted as a Best Management Practices study (BMP), compared resistant and susceptible mixtures of families from the first-generation breeding population of slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii Engelm.) in southeastern North America. Analyses of variance (Proc Mixed using REML in SAS), conducted to test the significance of realized gains and interactions contrasting resistant with susceptible seedlots, detected important and highly significant realized gains in both rust resistance and mid-rotation yield. Significant gains were obtained for rust resistance at age 5 and stand yield at age 16 with high stability across sites and across silvicultural treatments, indicating that gains in rust resistance and the associated influence on gains in stand yield were consistent under many environmental conditions. Additionally, the values of realized gains in stand yield steadily increased with age, primarily due to increased rust associated mortality with age in the susceptible material. The 25% realized gain for rust resistant material compared to rust susceptible material obtained at age 16 was conservatively extrapolated to a 25-year-old rotation-age gain of 51.4 m3ha-1(735 feet3acre-1) in inside-bark volume.
Variability of Cortex Terpene Composition in Cupressus sempervirens L. provenances grown in Crete, Greece
Authors: Gallis A. T. , Doulis A. G. , Papageorgiou A. C.
Published: October 2017

The terpene composition of twigs in 106 trees from 6 provenances of Cupressus sempervirens L. grown in the island Crete of Greece was determined by GLC-MS analysis. The aim was to investigate the utility of cortex terpene composition to study the genetic variation between cypress provenances. Twenty nine compounds were detected in cortex resin of all trees, twenty one of which identified. The major constituents were cedrol, α-pinene, 3-δ-carene and α-terpinyl acetate. A cluster analysis based on the amounts of the four evaluated compounds classified all the trees in five chemotypes. The chemotype pattern for every provenance was determined. Based on distribution of chemotypes two main groups of provenances can be suggested.
Evaluation of Early Rooting Traits of Eastern Cottonwood That Are Important For Selection Tests
Authors: Kovacevic B. , Guzina V. , Kraljevic-Balalic M. , Ivanovic M. , Nikolić-Đorić E.
Published: October 2017

Vegetative propagation of superior genotypes via stem cuttings depends on their development of strong vigorous root system. Fourteen characters of cutting rooting were examined in multiannual tests with 12 genotypes of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides BARTR. EX MARSH) in course of evaluation of their utilization in selection tests. Variability and relationship among examined characters, and cutting survival rate were analyzed according to contribution of expected variances to the total variance and results of principal component analysis, stepwise regression analysis and path analysis. Along with total number and length of first-order roots, the characters that are regularly used in the assessment of rooting potential, our results signify dynamic shoot growth and uniform arrangement of roots on cutting at the beginning of growing period. The best results were obtained for shoot height at the second half of May. A rapid and non-destructive way of shoot characters’ measurement allows testing of larger material and prevents losses in propagation material of interesting genotypes. Alone or together with total root number and length these alternative characters could be used for the improvement of selection tests and procedures for cultivar technology design.
An Evaluation of Selection for Volume Growth in Loblolly Pine
Authors: Sherrill J. R. , Mullin T. J. , Bullock B. P. , Mckeand S. E. , Purnell R. C. , Gumpert M. L. , Isik F.
Published: October 2017

Total inside-bark volume is the most important selection criterion for productivity in tree breeding programs in the Southeastern U.S. Tree breeders typically estimate total inside-bark volume based on outside-bark diameter at breast height and total height without accounting for stem taper or bark thickness. To make a direct determination of total inside- and outside-bark volume, a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) open-pollinated family trial replicated with cultural treatments of weed control and fertilization was measured. This direct measurement was compared to typical volume estimates. In this trial, approximately 40 individuals from each of 25 open-pollinated first- and second-generation families were destructively sampled in the 13th growing season. Selection for volume using a combined-variable (diameter2 * height) equation was found to be highly effective for making volume gain. There was a high correlation between estimated and directly-measured total inside-bark volumes (0.99). Bark thickness and stem taper had low importance for stem volume selection. There was a positive genetic correlation between bark thickness and diameter at breast height (0.66). This indicates that selection for larger diameters may produce individuals with thicker bark, which may eventually affect total inside-bark volume estimates.
Construction of a Populus tremuloides Michx. BAC library
Authors: Fladung M. , Kaufmann H. , Markussen T. , Hoenicka H.
Published: October 2017

We have constructed an aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx., line Turesson141) BAC library containing 55,296 clones in total. A random sampling of 86 BAC clones indicated an average insert size of 76 kb with a range of 20 to 160 kb. Twelve percent of the BAC clones in the library have an insert size larger than 100 kb. Based on an estimated genome size for Populus of 500 Mbp, library coverage is about 8 haploid genome equivalents. This library will be screened using AFLP marker identified before co-segregating with gender in a P. tremula x P. tremuloides progeny, where Turesson141 was the male parent.
Comparison of Genetic Structure Assessed by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism and Retrotransposon-based Sequence-specific Amplification Polymorphism for Portuguese Populations of Pinus pinea L.
Authors: Evaristo I. , Santos S. , Tenreiro R. , Costa R.
Published: October 2017

In order to assess genetic diversity within and among populations of Pinus pinea L. (stone pine), seven Portuguese populations originating from three Provenance Regions were selected and genotyped using two marker systems. We compared the genetic variation of these populations using retrotransposon-based sequence-specific amplification polymorphism (SSAP) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). In total, 105 trees were screened with three primer enzyme combinations (PEC), producing 232 SSAP and 132 AFLP loci. Where SSAP yielded approximately twice-the number of polymorphic fragments compared to AFLP. Differentiation was slightly higher for SSAP, than for AFLP (FST = 0.105 for SSAP and 0.074 for AFLP), and both significantly different from zero, P < 0.01. The levels of average genetic diversity within-population found with the two types of marker were not significantly different between SSAPs and AFLPs (26.6% and 22.8%, respectively). The populations that displayed the highest and lowest genetic diversity scores were the same for both markers, and only two populations had significantly different He estimates. The neighbor-joining tree based on the Nei’s genetic distance displayed some geographic pattern. With the AFLP markers the populations grouped according to the provenance regions where they were sampled, resulting in one well supported cluster with the Southern populations, but with SSAP the pattern was not so coherent. In this study SSAP generated more polymorphic fragments and higher estimates of genetic diversity than AFPL did, due, probably, to the higher mutation rate of retrotransposition relative to base mutation. Nevertheless, congruence was found between estimates obtained with both markers, which is very interesting, for, in general, SSAP markers have lower costs compared to AFLPs, and they might be an interesting alternative marker system, when higher resolution is requested.
Crossability Between Wild (Malus sylvestris) and Cultivated (M. x domestica) Apples
Authors: Larsen A. S. , Jensen M. , Kjær E. D.
Published: October 2017

Malus sylvestris, a native fruit tree of Europe, is believed to be threatened by hybridization with the omnipresent cultivated apple (Malus x domestica). In the present study a series of controlled crossings were carried out in order to establish whether M. sylvestris can hybridize with its near relative, M. x domestica. By looking at fruit set, seed production, germination percentages, and development of seedlings following inter- and intraspecific crossings, no indication of neither pre- nor postzygotic barriers to hybridization between the two species was found. This can have important implications for management of the genetic resources of M. sylvestris.
Provenance by Site Interaction of Pinus densiflora in Korea
Authors: Kim In-Sik , Kwon Hae-Yun , Ryu Keun-Ok , Choi Wan Yong
Published: October 2017

Thirty-six provenances of Pinus densiflora were evaluated for stability and adaptability for height growth at 11 test sites in Korea. The data were obtained from measurements at age 6 and analyzed using linear regression model and AMMI (additive main effect and multiplicative interaction) model. There was significant provenance by site interaction effect (p < 0.011). The interaction term explained 7.1% of total variation. While the regression model accounted for 15.8% of GxE interaction term, the AMMI model accounted for 74.9% with four PCA values. Most of the provenances were not significantly different from the unity (b =1.0), except for Inje (1), Jungsun (4), Bongwha (5), Koryung (26), Hamyang (30) and Seoguipo (36). Adaptability of provenances to the test sites was estimated with mean height growth and first AMMI component scores (IPCA 1). Inje (1), Bongwha (5), Taean (20) and Seoguipo (36) were specifically adapted to the high yielding environments. Considering the first and second AMMI components (IPCA 1 and IPCA 2, respectively) scores, Whachun (2), Samchuk (10), Joongwon (14) and Buan (29) provenances were more stable than others. The implication of GxE interaction was discussed in view of seed transfer and delineation of seed zones.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a cDNA Encoding Sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase from Mulberry (Morus alba var. multicaulis)
Authors: Ji X. , Gai Y. , Ma J. , Zheng C. , Mu Z.
Published: October 2017

A full-length cDNA encoding sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase; EC 3.1.3.37) was cloned from mulberry (Morus alba var. multicaulis) by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The cDNA consisted of 1,527 nucleotides with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,179 nucleotides encoding a 393 amino acid protein of approximately 42.6 kDa. Sequence comparison analysis showed that mulberry SBPase (MSBPase) had high homology to other plant counterparts. Phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analysis revealed that MSBPase fell into plant SBPase group. Moreover, SBPase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase; EC 3.1.3.11) shared 28-32% identical residues, suggesting that the two enzymes originated from the same evolution branch. Molecular modeling indicated that each subunit of MSBPase was composed of α-helices and β-sheets joined by turns and loops, and folded into a structure of hexahedron shape which was very similar to FBPase.
Short Note: Coefficients of Variation in Variables with Bounded Scales
Authors: Burdon R. D.
Published: October 2017

With a variable that is recorded on a scale with fixed bounds, it can be appropriate to use for the denominator of the coefficient of variation the square root of the (sign-independent) product of the differences between the mean and the two bounds of the scale. A simple illustrative example is given.
Short Note: Root Restriction Hindered Early Allometric Differentiation Between Seedlings of Two Provenances of Canary Island Pine
Authors: Climent J. , Alonso J. , Gil L.
Published: October 2017

Based on the optimal partitioning theory, the comparative assessment of seedling allometry is a common task in retrospective genetic tests and early testing of forest reproductive material. Our hypothesis was that root restriction imposed by the container might hinder or rule out genetic differences in biomass allocation. We grew seedlings of two contrasted provenances of Canary Islands pine in mini-rhizotrons, 60 and 90 cm deep, and alternatively in standard bottom-open 200 cc forest containers. In the mini-rhizotrons, plants from the drier provenance allocated more biomass to roots, especially to the tap root and invested less in needles, both in a biomass and leaf area basis, and this morphological divergence increased between two harvests, undertaken at 57 and 115 days after planting. By contrast, confirming our hypothesis, at the 115 days harvest, the plants grown in standard containers did not exhibited significant differences between provenances for Leaf Mass Fraction, Root Mass Fraction and Leaf Area Ratio. We conclude that the physical constraint for root development imposed by small containers increases the probability of dismissing the genetic effect in biomass allocation when assessing forest reproductive materials at the short term, even when the whole plant growth (total dry weight) might be unaffected.
Inbreeding Depression in the Full-sib Offspring of Populus nigra L.
Authors: Benetka V. , Pospíšková M. , Vrátný F. , Tkaczyková M.
Published: October 2017

Controlled pollination was carried out in the species Populus nigra L. in a greenhouse on isolated branches between sisters and a brother - inbreeding (S x B). Female trees (sisters) were also exposed to open pollination (OP) in the neighbourhood of a male tree (brother) and other Populus nigra trees in the vicinity. The analysis of 11 microsatellites was done in the offspring from the inbreeding (S x B) and from the OP. In OP offspring was found 20-76% of viable individuals that were coming from pollination with brother’s pollen (spontaneous inbreeding). These individuals were separated from the offspring. In a randomised field trial the offspring were evaluated for two years. Fitness decreased in S x B offspring, traits of plant height, trunk diameter, height increment and resistance to Melampsora larici-populina Kleb. were lower in comparison with those of OP offspring. A coefficient of inbreeding depression (δ) ranged from 0.373 to 0.034. The significance of differences between the offspring from S x B and OP of the particular sisters was proved. About 30% of homozygous microsatellite loci were identified in inbred S x B offspring, which was more than in OP offspring. This difference was significant in the offspring of three sisters; it was not significant in the offspring of one sister. This trend corresponded to the results of growth traits.
The Chloroplast DNA Polymorphisms of White Oaks of Section Quercus in The Central Balkans
Authors: Slade D. , Škvorc Ž. , Ballian D. , Gračan J. , Papes D.
Published: October 2017

A total of 444 oak trees from 110 populations from a previously under-sampled area in the central Balkans were analysed using four primer/enzyme combinations which amplified and restricted four, largely non-coding regions of the maternally inherited chloroplast DNA. Using the nomenclature of PETIT et al. (2002 a) to classify the haplotypes and lineages, the seven haplotypes that were found in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, Macedonia and southern Kosovo consisted of haplotypes 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 17, 31, as well as the subtypes of haplotypes 4 (a), 5 (a, b, c), and 17 (a). Five of these haplotypes belong to lineage A. One of these, haplotype 5, is present throughout the sampled area. The distributions of the other haplotypes from this lineage are more geographically structured. The other two haplotypes, haplotype 2 and haplotype 17, belong to lineages C and E, respectively. The data are combined with previous data by PETIT et al. (2002 b) to provide more detailed information of the postglacial routes of colonisation taken by oaks in south-eastern Europe.
Paxillus involutus Forms an Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis and Enhances Survival of PtCOMT-modified Betula pendula in vitro
Authors: Tiimonen H. , Aronen T. , Laakso T. , Saranpää P. , Chiang V. , Häggman H. , Niemi K.
Published: October 2017

The ability of the PtCOMT (caffeate/5-hydroxyferulate O-methyltransferase from Populus tremuloides L.) - modified Betula pendula Roth. lines to form symbiosis with an ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungus Paxillus involutus Batsch Fr. was studied in vitro. Lignin precursor gene PtCOMT was introduced into two B. pendula clones under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter or the promoter of the sunflower polyubiquitin gene UbB1. Of the four transgenic lines, one 35SPtCOMT line (23) had a decreased syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio of root lignin, and two UbB1-PtCOMT lines (110 and 130) retarded root growth compared to the control clone. Both control clones and all transgenic lines were able to form ECMs with P. involutus, but the transgenic lines differed from the controls in the characteristics of the ECMs. The number of lateral roots covered with fungal hyphae and/or development of a Hartig net (HN) were reduced in line 23 with a decreased S/G ratio, and in lines 110 and 130 with slower root formation and changed root morphology, respectively. However, line 23 benefited more from the inoculation in lateral root formation than the control, and in lines 110 and 130 the percentage of viable plants increased most due to inoculation. The results show that B. pendula plants genetically transformed with the lignin gene PtCOMT could form mycorrhizal symbiosis regardless of changes in either the root S/G ratio or development. The benefits of the symbiosis were variable even in the closed in vitro system, and dependent on the clone or transgenic line and the ECM fungal symbiont.
Genetic Diversity of the Relict Plant Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata (Cupressaceae) in Mainland China
Authors: Li Zhong-Chao , Wang Xiao-Lan , Ge Xue-Jun
Published: October 2017

The genetic diversity and differentiation of five populations of Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata in mainland China were investigated using inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR). In comparison with other coniferous species, T. cryptomerioides from mainland China possesses little genetic variation, particularly at the level of individual populations (the percentage of polymorphic loci, Nei’s gene diversity and Shannon’s indices of diversity at the species and population levels are 38.02%, 0.1326, 0.1986 and 9.27%, 0.035, 0.0518 respectively). In contrast, the level of population differentiation is much higher (GST: 0.7269; Shannon’s genetic differentiation: 0.7392; Hickory è B: 0.668; AMOVA genetic differentiation: 72.37%). The genetic divergence of pairs of populations was not significantly correlated with the geographical distance separating them. Current patterns of genetic variation were related to biogeographic history and the small population size. On the basis of these findings, we discuss the development of conservation strategies for this endangered species.
Comparative Meiotic Chromosome Studies in Nine Accessions of Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem., Threatened Tree of Indian Desert
Authors: Kumar A. , Ram H. , Sharma S. K. , Rama Rao S.
Published: October 2017

Meiotic studies were carried out in nine different accessions of T. undulata collected from three districts of Rajasthan, India. Data collected on chromosome associations, chiasma frequency and their distribution pattern concluded that the somatic chromosome number of T. undulata is 2n = 2x = 36 which is at variance with published literature. The high frequency of 18:18 chromosome distribution at anaphase I and an overwhelming percentage of stainable pollens observed are indicative of overall genomic stability as supported by complete absence of accessory chromosomes (B) and supernumerary nucleoli. Numerical alteration of chromosomes might have played an important role in origin and adaptation of T. undulata to the adverse climate conditions of Indian desert.
Differentiated thyroid cancer: millions spent with no tangible gain?
Authors: Furuya-Kanamori Luis , Sedrakyan Art , Onitilo Adedayo A , Bagheri Nasser , Glasziou Paul , Doi Suhail A R
Published: October 2017

The incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has rapidly increased worldwide over the last decades. It is unknown if the increase in diagnosis has been mirrored by an increase in thyroidectomy rates with the concomitant economic impact that this would have on the health care system. DTC and thyroidectomy incidence as well as DTC-specific mortality were modeled using Poisson regression in New South Wales (NSW), Australia per year and by sex. The incidence of 2002 was the point from which the increase in rates was assessed cumulatively over the subsequent decade. The economic burden of potentially avoidable thyroidectomies due to the increase in diagnosis was estimated as the product of the additional thyroidectomy procedures during a decade attributable to rates beyond those reported for 2002 and the national average hospital cost of an uncomplicated thyroidectomy in Australia. The following results were obtained. The incidence of both DTC and thyroidectomy doubled in NSW between 2003 and 2012, while the DTC-specific mortality rate remained unchanged over the same period. Based on the 2002 incidence, the projected increase over 10 years (2003–2012) in thyroidectomy procedures was 2196. This translates to an extra cost burden of over AUD$ 18,600,000 in surgery-related health care expenditure over one decade in NSW. Our findings suggest that, if this rise is solely attributable to overdetection, then the rising expenditure serves no additional purpose. Reducing unnecessary detection and a conservative approach to managing DTC are sensible and would lead to millions of dollars in savings and reduced harms to patients.
La violencia escolar, como objeto de investigación cualitativa
Authors: Prieto Quezada Ma. Teresa , Carrillo Navarro José Claudio
Published: October 2017

Este trabajo es una reflexión sobre el paradigma de investigación cualitativa e intenta mostrar las posibilidades que ofrece la utilización de un instrumento como la narrativa. Este recurso nos permite identificar desde la voz de los sujetos los procesos internos subyacentes en el comportamiento, como las emociones y los afectos, que posibilitan una mayor comprensión de la subjetividad. Esta perspectiva nos ayuda a visualizar desde dentro, mostrándonos algunas claves que originan o gatillan la acción. Igualmente, se plantean en este escrito las potencialidades que ofrece esta alternativa metodológica en el esclarecimiento de un fenómeno que se ha convertido en un objeto relevante y crucial en las instituciones educativas: la violencia escolar.
Educación en derechos humanos a partir de la literatura infantil, en el colegio Nariño de Santiago de Cali: propuesta pedagógica
Authors: Lara Jiménez Vanezza Andrea , Soto Chicangana Norma Constanza , Pareja Santa Luis Alfredo
Published: October 2017

El presente es un artículo de investigación desarrollado en Santiago de Cali con niños de cuarto grado de primaria de la Institución Educativa Nariño ubicada en Vallegrande, comuna 21.

El propósito de este texto es resaltar la importancia que tiene la educación de derechos humanos en el hombre, especialmente en los niños, que forjan la cultura, con un pensamiento crítico de los mismos, convirtiéndose en gestores que los divulgan y los protegen en la casa, la escuela, la calle, etc. Para lo anterior, se desarrolló una estrategia consistente en la pedagogía de la literatura infantil, donde a través del cuento, la fábula y otros se da la enseñabilidad de los derechos humanos de una manera agradable y lúdica. El impacto que tuvo el presente trabajo fue, primero, lograr que se diera apertura al diálogo por parte de la comunidad educativa en general sobre temas relacionados con la promoción y defensa de los derechos humanos, y segundo, que a partir del trabajo de investigación se hicieran reformas al Proyecto Educativo Institucional en relación con los proyectos transversales relacionados con los derechos humanos.
Comte: el científico y el reformador social
Authors: Silva Vega Rafael
Published: October 2017

A casi 170 años de su publicación, ¿qué tiene que decirnos hoy el Discurso sobre el espíritu positivo de Comte? ¿Cómo leer hoy ese pequeño tratado que, sin ser una de las obras más ambiciosas de Comte, es no solo por la que se le recuerda al autor, sino la que, además, ha obrado como motivo de inspiración de la ciencia social moderna? Este artículo asume el Discurso sobre el espíritu positivo como una obra de síntesis del pensamiento y del arduo trabajo intelectual de Comte. Y, en tal sentido, como la mejor evidencia de las tensiones entre el científico y el cura laico de una utopía sociológica que fue Comte. Este enfoque nos permitirá confrontar tanto la lectura que han hecho los practicantes y defensores del positivismo comtiano, como la que han elaborado sus detractores de la escuela de Frankfurt –Adorno y Horkheimer–.
Descifrando los niveles de integración de los sistemas integrados de gestión
Authors: Bonilla Palacios Alexandra , Martínez García Jorge
Published: October 2017

En el siguiente artículo se presenta un mecanismo de medición que tiene como propósito medir niveles de integración de los sistemas de gestión ISO 9001, ISO
14001 y OHSAS 18001 implementados dentro de las organizaciones. Se realiza un análisis bibliográfico de los sistemas y las metodologías para integrarlos, dentro
del cual se referencian teorías y normas creadas para tal propósito. Se determina un concepto de integración y una escala de niveles de integración alineada al concepto de integración seleccionado. A partir de esto se crea una herramienta que al diagnosticar los niveles de integración de una organización, permite tomar acciones pertinentes para aprovechar los beneficios que trae para las organizaciones el hecho de tener un sistema integrado.
Propuesta metodológica para la integración de un sistema de gestión documental basado en los referenciales NTC ISO 9001, NTCGP 1000 e ISO/IEC 17025
Authors: Garcia Melo Yanneth , Suarez Católico Nancy Carolina
Published: October 2017

El presente estudio se enfoca en identificar los aspectos críticos de la gestión documental del Laboratorio Nacional de Diagnostico Veterinario (LNDV), perteneciente al Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA), con respecto a los referenciales NTC ISO 9001, NTCGP 1000 e ISO/IEC 17025. Asimismo reconoce
los modelos de gestión que permitan su integración para fortalecer la gestión documental de la entidad y estructura una propuesta metodológica de integración durante el periodo 2014-2016. La importancia de esta investigación se enmarca en la generación de nuevo conocimiento sobre modelos de integración de sistemas de gestión a partir de un estudio cualitativo, en el
cual se llega a la conclusión de que los aspectos críticos encontrados ocasionan falencias en la ejecución de la gestión documental que pertenece a los diferentes procesos estructurales de los sistemas de gestión. Las causas y consecuencias de estos últimos están asociadas a componentes normativos como conocimiento, formación y toma de conciencia, normas y leyes, planificación,
responsabilidad y autoridad, gestión por procesos, recursos para el sostenimiento de los sistemas de gestión, procedimiento control de documentos
e implementación. Si uno de estos componentes presenta falencias en el enfoque basado en procesos, propuesto por los sistemas de gestión con los cuales la entidad está certificada, las causas y consecuencias de estas estarán reflejadas en cada una de las interacciones y jerarquías funcionales de la entidad. Como producto final se elaboró una propuesta metodológica, basada
en la estructura de alto nivel, como método para su construcción y se espera que permita la integración de los sistemas de gestión en estudio.
Guidelines for personal exposure monitoring of chemicals: Part II
Authors: Hashimoto Haruo , Yamada Kenichi , Hori Hajime , Kumagai Shinji , Murata Masaru , Nagoya Toshio , Nakahara Hirohiko , Mochida Nobuyuki
Published: October 2017

This Document, “Guidelines for personal exposure monitoring of chemicals” (“this Guideline”), has been prepared by “The Committee for Personal Exposure Monitoring”(“the Committee”) of the Expert Division of Occupational Hygiene & Ergonomics, Japan Society for Occupational Health. Considering the background of the growing importance of personal exposure monitoring in risk assessment and the need to prepare for the introduction of monitoring using personal samplers from an administrative perspective in recent years, the Committee was organized in November 2012. The Committee has prepared this Guideline as a “practical guideline” for personal exposure monitoring, so as to offer proposals and recommendations to the members of the Japan Society for Occupational Health and to society in general. The scope of this Guideline covers all chemical substances and all related workplaces regarded as targets for general assessment and the management of risk. It thus is not to be considered to comment on legal regulations and methodology. The main text provides the basic methods and concepts of personal exposure monitoring, while 31 “Appendices” are provided in this Guideline throughout the series; technical descriptions, statistical bases, and actual workplace examples are provided in these appendices, to assist better understanding. The personal exposure monitoring described as per this Guideline is equivalent to an “expert-centered basic method to reasonably proceed with the assessment and management of risk at workplaces.” It is considered that practicing and expanding on this method will significantly contribute in reforming the overall framework of occupational hygiene management in Japan.
A bélrendszer kézi és gépi anastomosisainak nyomással szembeni ellenálló képességének felmérése. In vitro kísérletes tanulmány
Authors: Coros Marius Florin , Georgescu Rares , Benedek Zalán , Sorlea Sorin , Pascarenco Ghenadie , Mesaros Cornelia , Hankó-Bauer Orsolya
Published: October 2017

Abstract:

Intoduction and aim: The aim of the study was to compare the resistance to pressure of stapled and manually handsewn intestinal suture lines on in vitro pig intestine model. Method: We performed different types of stapled and manual sutures and the pressure level was measured using a differential pressure manometer. Results: Although the hand-sewn end-to-end suture turned out to be the most resistant to pressure, statistical analysis revealed no significant differences compared to stapled suture (p = 0.49). In stump closure techniques, we observed a statistically high significance in resistance to pressure in the favour of manual stump closure (p = 0.004).Regarding side-to-side sutures we did not find any statistically significant differences in resistance to pressure between the techniques (p = 0.06). Conclusion: We can conclude that regarding the stump closure, the most resistant to pressure is the hand-sewn procedure, but in the other types of anastomosis, no significant differences was found between the stapled and hand-sewn techniques. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(42): 1674–1680.
Szteroidok szerepe az onkológiai gyakorlatban
Authors: Küronya Zsófia , Géczi Lajos , Gyergyay Fruzsina , Bíró Krisztina
Published: October 2017

Abstract:

Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced and disengage in the adrenal cortex. Traditionally natural and synthetic corticosteroids are used for diagnosing and treating dysfunctions of the adrenal cortex and treating inflammatory and immunological diseases. Their use is also widespread in oncological practice. Corticosteroids are indispensable in palliative care, in certain urgent oncological cases, as premedication of some chemotherapies and last but not least they have a key role in the secondary hormonal manipulations of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. The purpose of our review is to describe and compare the effects of different agents in oncological practice, to give a detailed account of the above mentioned indications and would also like to draw attention to the possible side effects of a long-term steroid treatment. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(42): 1651–1657.
Neuroacanthocytosis diagnózisa új generációs exom-szekvenálással
Authors: Hadzsiev Kinga , Szőts Mónika , Fekete Anett , Balikó László , Boycott Kim , Nagy Ferenc , Melegh Béla
Published: October 2017

Abstract:

In a patient with marked symptoms of Huntington disease after the huntingtin testing, which gave normal result, a whole exome sequencing (WES) has been performed based on an international collaboration. A homozygous G>A nucleotid change in the exon 34 of the VPS13A gene has been detected with WES, a mutation resulting in a premature stop codon at the position 1301. This change is a known pathogenic mutation. The aim of this article is to draw attention on the importance of the WES in the diagnosis of rare neurological diseases without any specific symptoms. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(42): 1681–1684.
Schmerzhafte Eingriffe beim Schaf – Schwanzkupieren
Authors: Bauer Benjamin , Ganter Martin , Strobel Heinz , Hannemann Regina
Published: October 2017

Schmerzhafte Eingriffe bei Schafen werden weltweit durchgeführt und unterliegen in den einzelnen Ländern unterschiedlichen Reglementierungen. In Deutschland sind schmerzhafte Eingriffe am Tier im Tierschutzgesetz geregelt. Trotzdem wird die Frage der Indikation und Methodik des Schwanzkupierens bei Schaflämmern unter verschiedenen Haltungsbedingungen kontrovers diskutiert und bewertet, wobei häufig Unterschiede zwischen theoretischen Forderungen und Erfahrungen in der Praxis auftreten. Daher müssen Indikation und Methodik dieses schmerzhaften Prozesses neu überdacht und gegebenenfalls gesetzlich neu reglementiert werden. Als kurz- und mittelfristige Perspektive sollten Veränderungen in der Methodik, auch mit Einsatz von Schmerzmitteln, in Betracht gezogen werden. Hierfür ist allerdings die Zulassung von Schmerzmitteln für die genannte Spezies erforderlich, nicht zuletzt um die praktizierenden Tierärzte von der Umwidmungspflicht und damit Haftung für mögliche Nebenwirkungen zu befreien. Als langfristige Perspektive sind züchterische Maßnahmen unumgänglich. Zur Etablierung einer Lösung, die Tieren, Tierhaltern und Tierärzten gerecht wird, werden in diesem Beitrag die relevanten Literaturquellen präsentiert und mögliche Lösungsansätze formuliert.
When Drama Went to the Dogs; Or, Staging Otherness in the Animal Melodrama
Authors: Miller John MacNeill
Published: October 2017

For much of the nineteenth century, nonhuman animals shared the English stage with human performers in a series of popular, widely produced quadruped dramas. Work in animal studies and performance theory overlooks this phenomenon when it laments theater's unbroken history of animal exclusion—a notion of exclusion that quadruped dramas actually helped propagate and reinforce. The animal melodramas produced through the Victorian era featured animal characters whose appeal depended on the perceived otherness of animal actors, especially the knowledge that animals did not so much act in the drama as perform set responses to subtle, real-world cues from their trainers. Playwrights used animals' imperfect integration in the dramatic illusion to inject an uncanny sense of reality into their melodramatic plots. Their experiments with estrangement admit the difficulties of animal performance by explicitly staging animal otherness—but only as a spur to deepen human engagement with the more-than-human world.