bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supratentorial Abnormalities in the Chiari II Malformation, II
Authors: Callen Andrew L. , Stengel Joseph W. , Filly Roy A.
Published: January 2017

Objective. The sonographic diagnosis of fetal myelomeningocele has improved mainly because the diagnostic focus has shifted from observation of spinal manifestations to observation of cranial abnormalities. Intracranial diagnostic criteria rely on abnormalities in the posterior fossa. We describe abnormalities in tectal morphologic characteristics that, although well described on magnetic resonance imaging, have received little attention in the sonographic literature. This study analyzed the frequency of this observation and technical aspects that improve its visualization. Methods. From a database of obstetric sonograms, we identified all cases of sonographically detected myelomeningocele. The search covered the years 1999 to 2007. We retrospectively reviewed the fetal intracranial findings with special attention to elongation or “beaking” of the tectum. Results. A total of 89 fetuses were identified. The mean and median gestational ages were 22 weeks 4 days and 22 weeks 2 days, respectively. Of the 89 cases, 59 (66%) had an abnormal tectal shape. The abnormality was seen in 77% of cases judged to be suboptimally visualized and 62% of cases with good visualization. Tectal abnormalities were seen equally well in fetuses before and after 24 weeks. Finally, tectal abnormalities were seen more frequently as the severity of posterior fossa findings increased. Conclusions. Tectal morphologic alteration is a common supratentorial feature of the Chiari II malformation on prenatal sonography both before and after 24 weeks' gestation. Its frequency increases with the severity of posterior fossa abnormalities. Therefore, it may be useful as a supratentorial indicator of both the presence and, potentially, the severity of the Chiari II malformation.
Monosomy 18p Presenting With Holoprosencephaly and Increased Nuchal Translucency in the First Trimester
Authors: Sepulveda Waldo
Published: January 2017

Objective. The purpose of this series is to describe the first‐trimester sonographic findings leading to the diagnosis of monosomy 18p. Methods. The sonographic appearance of 2 cases of monosomy 18p, detected as part of first‐trimester sonographic screening for aneuploidy at this institution, was reviewed. Results. Increased nuchal translucency thickness, alobar holoprosencephaly, and facial defects were detected in both cases. Chromosomal analysis by chorionic villus sampling revealed de novo del(18p) in 1 case and monosomy 18p as the result of an 18q isochromosome in the other. Conclusions. Increased nuchal translucency thickness in association with brain and face anomalies on a first‐trimester scan allowed the early diagnosis of monosomy 18p. Fetuses with holoprosencephaly can be readily identified in the first trimester by examining a cross section of the fetal head looking for the “butterfly” sign. Prenatal karyotyping provides important information regarding the etiology and risk of recurrence in these cases.
Color Duplex Sonography in the Detection of Internal Carotid Artery Restenosis After Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Aleksic Nikola , Tanaskovic Slobodan , Radak Sandra , Mitrasinovic Anka , Kolar Jovo , Babic Srdjan , Otasevic Petar , Radak Djordje
Published: January 2017

Objectives

Internal carotid artery restenosis after carotid endarterectomy is a major postoperative event, but the clinically best suited means for diagnosis of restenosis are still debated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of color duplex sonography for detection of substantial internal carotid artery restenosis, verified by computed tomographic (CT) angiography.

Methods

The study group consisted of 210 consecutive patients with internal carotid artery restenosis, defined as restenosis of 50% or greater, verified by color duplex sonography. The degree of restenosis was calculated according to the European Carotid Surgery Trial guidelines. All patients underwent CT angiography. The specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of color duplex sonography were calculated.

Results

In 85 patients, internal carotid artery restenosis on color duplex sonography was 50% to 69%, whereas in 125 patients it was 70% or greater. When color duplex sonography was compared with CT angiography, only 2 patients in the group with restenosis of 50% to 69% were misclassified by color duplex sonography, in whom CT angiography showed stenosis of 70% or greater. No patient with stenosis of 70% or greater on color duplex sonography was shown to have a lesser degree of restenosis on CT angiography. When compared with CT angiography, color duplex sonography had specificity of 97.7%, sensitivity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 98.4%, and a negative predictive value of 100% for the detection of internal carotid artery restenosis.

Conclusions

Color duplex sonography can be effectively used as a primary diagnostic tool for evaluation of patients with suspected internal carotid artery restenosis after carotid endarterectomy.
Collaborative Study on 3‐Dimensional Sonography for the Prenatal Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Defects
Authors: Rizzo Giuseppe , Abuhamad Alfred Z. , Benacerraf Beryl R. , Chaoui Rabih , Corral Edgardo , Addario Vincenzo D' , Espinoza Jimmy , Lee Wesley , Mercé Alberto Luis T. , Pooh Ritsuko , Sepulveda Waldo , Sinkovskaya Elena , Viñals Fernando , Volpe Paolo , Pietrolucci Maria Elena , Arduini Domenico
Published: January 2017

Objectives

Prenatal diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) anomalies by 2‐dimensional sonography is challenging because of difficulties in obtaining complete visualization of the fetal brain during routine examinations, which is necessary for identification of its axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. Three‐dimensional (3D) sonography has been introduced as a tool for studying the fetal CNS because of its ability to facilitate examinations of the fetal brain. The objective of this study was to determine inter‐center agreement in diagnosing CNS defects by review of 3D volume data sets.

Methods

This study included 11 centers with expertise in 3D fetal neurosonography. A total of 217 fetuses with and without confirmed CNS defects were scanned after 18 weeks' gestation, and their volume data sets were uploaded onto a centralized file transfer protocol server and later analyzed by all of the centers. Intercenter agreement was determined using a κ statistic for multiple raters.

Results

All volumes were made anonymous and sent to the centers for blinded analysis with the exception of the data sets they had themselves previously uploaded. For identification of fetuses with CNS defects, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and false‐positive and ‐negative rates were 93.3%, 96.5%, 96.5%, 93.3%, 3.5%, and 6.7%, respectively. No differences were found in the efficacy of the diagnostic indices according to either the route of acquisition (transabdominal or trans‐vaginal) or the gestational age at diagnosis (18–24 or >24 weeks). Intercenter agreement was excellent (κ = 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.88–0.97).

Conclusions

Among centers with technical expertise, remote review of 3D sonographic volumes of the fetal CNS resulted in an accurate and reliable method for diagnosis of fetal brain malformations.
Observed Prevalence of Congenital Heart Defects From a Surveillance Study in China
Authors: Zhang Yali , Riehle-Colarusso Tiffany , Correa Adolfo , Li Song , Feng Xinheng , Gindler Jacqueline , Lin Hui , Webb Catherine , Li Wei , Trines Jean , Berry Robert J. , Yeung Lorraine , Luo Ying , Jiang Meifang , Chen Hua , Sun Xiamei , Li Zhu
Published: January 2017

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of major and minor congenital heart defects among fetuses and neonates using sonography in a general population of 4 areas surrounding Shanghai, China.

Methods

Pregnant women were recruited between April 2004 and December 2005 in Jiaxing City, Suzhou City, Changshu County, and Haining County. All participants could have 3 sonographic examinations performed by specially trained physicians regardless of medical indication: a fetal sonographic screen and fetal echocardiography between 20 and 28 weeks' gestation and neonatal echocardiography. Diagnoses of congenital heart defects were made on the basis of review of all available scans by an international group of experts in pediatric cardiology. Prevalence rates were calculated per 1000 births.

Results

Among 4006 scanned fetuses and neonates, there were 75 congenital heart defects, including 12 major defects. The observed prevalence for all congenital heart defects was 18.7 (95% confidence interval, 14.8–23.5) per 1000 births, and the prevalence for major defects was 3.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.6–5.2) per 1000 births. The most common defects were ventricular septal defects (n = 47 [62.7%]), atrial septal defects (n = 14 [18.7%]), tetralogy of Fallot (n = 4 [5.3%]), and hypoplastic left heart syndrome (n = 3 [4.0%]).

Conclusions

The prevalence of all congenital heart defects in the 4 areas of China studied was higher than that reported in other countries, with ventricular septal defects being the most frequent defects. Our data likely reflect a better estimate of the total prevalence of congenital heart defects in China than reported previously.
Assessment of Substantia Nigra Echogenicity in German and Filipino Populations Using a Portable Ultrasound System
Authors: Go Criscely L. , Frenzel Antonia , Rosales Raymond L. , Lee Lillian V. , Benecke Reiner , Dressler Dirk , Walter Uwe
Published: January 2017

Objectives

Transcranial sonography of the substantia nigra for diagnosing premotor stages of Parkinson disease has been attracting increasing interest. Standard reference values defining an abnormal increased echogenic size (hyperechogenicity) of the substantia nigra have been established in several populations using high‐end stationary ultrasound systems. It is unknown whether a portable ultrasound system can be appropriately used and how the Filipino population would compare with the well‐studied white population.

Methods

We prospectively studied substantia nigra echogenic sizes and third ventricle widths in 71 healthy adult German participants and 30 age‐ and sex‐matched Filipino participants using both a well‐established stationary ultrasound system (in the German cohort) and a recently distributed portable ultrasound system (in both ethnic cohorts).

Results

Mean substantia nigra echogenic sizes, cutoff values defining abnormal hyperechogenicity, and intra‐rater reliability were similar with both systems and in both ethnic cohorts studied. The Filipino and German participants did not differ with respect to the frequency of insufficient insonation conditions (each 3%) and substantia nigra hyperechogenicity (10% versus 9%; P = .80). However, third ventricle widths were smaller in the Filipino than the German participants (mean ± SD, 1.6 ± 1.1 versus 2.4 ± 1.0 mm; P = .004).

Conclusions

The frequency of substantia nigra hyperechogenicity appears to be homogeneous in white and Asian populations. Screening for this feature may well be performed with a present‐day portable ultrasound system.
Common Sonographic Findings in the Painful Hip After Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Long Suzanne S. , Surrey David , Nazarian Levon N.
Published: January 2017

Diagnosing the cause of hip pain in patients with hip arthroplasty can be challenging because of the numerous possible causes of pain and artifacts caused by the prosthetic components on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Sonography plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of these patients because the soft tissues surrounding the prosthetic joint are not obscured by artifacts and because sonography enables hands‐on examination of the painful site, dynamic evaluation of moving structures, and comparison with the opposite side. Another advantage of sonography is the ability to perform sonographically guided diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. In this pictorial essay, we highlight commonly encountered sonographic findings in patients with hip pain after hip arthroplasty.
OmniView Algorithm
Authors: Tonni Gabriele , Lituania Mario
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this pictorial essay is to report on the application of OmniView (GE Healthcare, Zipf, Austria), new 3‐dimensional sonographic software, and its application in the prenatal sonographic study of the fetal hard and soft palates. We will show that this novel technique is easy and feasible, requires a limited learning curve, and provides correct volume interrogation of the region of interest. The OmniView algorithm may be useful in training programs, and volume data sets can be interpreted by experts in remote sites. Future prospective studies with consecutive patients will be necessary to evaluate whether the routine application of OmniView will increase the prenatal diagnosis of facial clefting, especially those with isolated palate defects.
Sonographic Findings of Chondral Avulsion Fractures of the Lateral Ankle Ligaments in Children
Authors: Maeda Manabu , Maeda Nana , Takaoka Takanori , Tanaka Yasuhito
Published: January 2017

In this series, we aimed to describe the sonographic findings of chondral avulsion fractures that develop concomitant with lateral ankle ligament injury in children. We performed stress sonography during a manual anterior drawer stress procedure of the ankle in 9 skeletally immature patients who had recently had a lateral ankle sprain. Echo videos were obtained through the course of treatment, and all videos were reviewed. We elucidated the common features of chondral avulsion fractures of the lateral ankle ligaments in the children. The features of avulsion fractures on conventional sonography included absence of a fracture with hyperechoic spots (sonographic occult fracture type), cortical discontinuity with hyperechoic spots (cortical disruption fracture type), fracture line in the cortical bone (double‐line fracture type), and a step‐off deformity of the cortical bone with cartilage (displaced fracture type). In contrast, the features of chondral fractures on stress sonography included abnormal motion of the chondral lesions and mobility/fluidity of hyperechoic spots along the chondral fracture site. The presence of hyperechoic spots around the chondral lesion is an important sonographic sign for diagnosing chondral fractures concomitant with ankle lateral ligament injury. Hence, we believe that stress sonography should be considered for the detection of chondral fractures concomitant with radiographically negative ankle lateral ligament injuries in skeletally immature patients with lateral ankle pain and ankle sprains, if hyperechoic spots are present in the cartilage of the distal fibula.
O cuidado na formação dos técnicos de enfermagem: análise dos projetos políticos pedagógicos Care in the training of nursing technicians: an analysis of political pedagogical projects
Authors: Rodrigues Natália Ramos , Andrade Cristiane Batista
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: Analisar os Projetos Políticos Pedagógicos (PPP) que norteiam a formação de técnicos de enfermagem, indagando as dimensões do cuidado na prática educativa relacionadas às abordagens interacionais, cognitivas, emocionais, físicas e sexuais, inerentes ao trabalho de cuidar em saúde. Método: Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se de documentos desenvolvidos pelas escolas técnicas de enfermagem que possuíam o PPP. Enviou-se uma carta solicitando o acesso aos documentos para doze escolas, das quais, quatro nos forneceram. Resultados: Os PPP não corroboram com a dimensão ampliada do cuidado; possuem como foco principal o ensino e a prática de técnicas centradas do modelo biomédico, ou seja, na dimensão cognitiva. Pouco abordam a dimensão sexual, interacional e emocional no trabalho de cuidar. Conclusão: É necessário maior debate dos docentes que pensam e fazem a formação para que a dimensão ampla do cuidar possa ser apreendida e contextualizada pelos técnicos (as) em enfermagem.
Cuidado paliativo ao cliente oncológico: percepções do acadêmico de enfermagem Palliative care to cancer client: the nursing student’s perception
Authors: Vieira Thamirez A , Oliveira Marcia , Martins Elizabeth Rose Costa , Costa Cristiane Maria Amorim , Alves Raphaela Nunes , Marta Cristiano Bertolossi
Published: January 2017

Objetivos: Identificar o saber dos acadêmicos de enfermagem com relação aos cuidados paliativos e discutir o diferencial deste profissional para a qualidade do cuidar ao cliente oncológico em estágio avançado. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa. O cenário de estudo foi uma universidade privada localizada no Município do Rio de Janeiro. Os sujeitos foram dezesseis acadêmicos de Enfermagem, que estavam devidamente matriculados no 9º e 10º períodos, no período da coleta de dados. Resultados: Emergiram duas categorias: O conhecimento dos acadêmicos sobre o cuidado paliativo e a sua dificuldade em lidar com a morte; e o Papel do Enfermeiro no cuidado paliativo. Conclusão: Acreditamos que a boa prática deve ser resultado de muita dedicação, de busca por conhecimentos científicos, e principalmente, pelo fortalecimento do ser humano que existe em cada profissional. Essa característica é de extrema relevância para a aplicação do sentimento no cuidar.
Prevalência de imunidade à hepatite B entre profissionais de enfermagem atuantes em hemodiálise Prevalence of immunity to hepatitis B among nursing professionals active in hemodialysis
Authors: Maia Eveline de Lima , Jomar Rafael Tavares , De Vasconcellos Ilmeire Ramos Rosembach , Fonseca Vitor Augusto de Oliveira , Griep Rosane Harter , Abreu Ângela Maria Mendes
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de imunidade à hepatite B entre profissionais de enfermagem atuantes em hemodiálise. Métodos: Estudo seccional desenvolvido com 63 profissionais de um serviço privado de hemodiálise e 29 de um serviço público que responderam questionário contendo informações demográficas, trabalhistas, sobre adoção de medidas de biossegurança em hemodiálise e relativas à vacinação, imunidade e exposição ocupacional e não ocupacional ao vírus da hepatite B. Resultados: Entre os profissionais do serviço privado, a prevalência de imunidade à hepatite B foi de 93,7% e, entre os profissionais do serviço público, a prevalência foi de 86,2%; em ambos serviços diferenças estatisticamente significativas não foram encontradas quando características demográficas, trabalhistas e de exposição ocupacional e não ocupacional ao vírus da hepatite B foram consideradas. Conclusão: Possivelmente essas elevadas prevalências se deviam ao esquema vacinal completo contra a hepatite B encontrado em mais de 80% dos profissionais de enfermagem participantes do estudo.
Análise contextual da assistência de enfermagem à pessoa com HIV/Aids Contextual analysis of nursing assistance to a person with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Ramos Isoldi Deyla Moura , Carvalho Francisca Patrícia Barreto de , Simpson Clélia Albino
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: analisar o contexto da assistência de enfermagem relacionada a pessoa com HIV/Aids. Método: Utilizou-se a perspectiva de contexto de Hinds, Chaves e Cypress, que destacam as quatro camadas interfacetadas: o imediato, o específico, o geral e o metacontexto. Resultados: O processo de cuidar à pessoa com HIV/Aids é uma área da enfermagem que, faz parte de um conjunto de ações que são pouco valorizadas em contexto hospitalar, primando por ações tecnicistas. Em tal contexto, a enfermagem só poderá adquirir plena autonomia quando o cuidado passar a ser visto como uma esfera privilegiada na área da saúde. Conclusão: É importante enfatizar que, apesar dos avanços obtidos na assistência de enfermagem, ainda enfrenta-se uma série de desafios e dificuldades a serem superados, apesar de não restarem dúvidas de que o cuidar é a principal característica da enfermagem.
Importância da mobilidade para tetraplégicos e paraplégicos: implementação dos conhecimentos de enfermagem no cuidar multidimensional Importance of mobility for quadriplegics and paraplegics: implementation of nursing knowledge in care multidimensional
Authors: De Lima Nayda Babel Alves , Ferreira Jocelly de Araújo , De Araújo Jaciara Milena , Paixão Iara Pereira , Silveira de Almeida Niedja Naira
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: Realizar uma busca das produções científicas publicadas, a respeito da importância dos exercícios físicos na promoção do cuidar multidimensional ao indivíduo paraplégico ou quadriplégico, assim como investigar os conhecimentos da enfermagem sobre o benefício de tais atividades e esclarecer a atuação do enfermeiro na assistência a pessoa paraplégica ou tetraplégica. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, realizada nas bases de dados lilacs, scielo, medline, bdenf e portal da capes, correspondendo aos anos de 2004 a 2014. Resultados: Os pacientes acometidos por lesão medular apresentam déficits de cuidado e autocuidado. Dessa maneira constatou-se que a prática de exercícios, oferecem diversos benefícios incluindo os biopsicossociais. Conclusão: Percebe-se que a prática dos exercícios físicos, ainda não tem sua efetivação, contudo é importante o conhecimento da enfermagem sobre estes exercícios, bem como benefícios, a fim de nortear os familiares e prestar uma assistência de qualidade.
Poder vital e o legado de florence nightingale no processo saúdedoença: revisão integrativa The vital power and the legacy of florence nightingale in the health-disease process: integrative review
Authors: Souza Marli Aparecida Rocha , Wall Marilene Loewen , Chaves Andrea Cristina Morais , Lima Daniele Moreira , Santos Benedita Almeida
Published: January 2017

Objetivo:.Caracterizar as evidências científicas nacionais dos últimos dez anos sobre Florence Nightingale e o poder vital e sua aplicabilidade na enfermagem, além de identificar os conceitos sobre poder vital. Método:.Revisão integrativa da literatura de artigos nacionais completos, por meio de quatro bases de dados. Foram selecionados sete artigos após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Da análise surgiram os temas sobre o legado de Florence e a ação do meio ambiente interno e externo sobre o poder vital. Resultados:.A maioria dos estudos focou o ambiente de inserção do indivíduo como fortalecer do poder vital e esta classificada como força interior. Conclusão:.Os profissionais de enfermagem ocupam um papel imprescindível na observação em manter o ambiente onde o paciente está inserido, favorecendo o fortalecimento do poder vital, destacando a presença do acompanhante como fortalecedor desse poder vital no processo de hospitalização.Descritores: Puerpério, Parto, Enfermagem.
Além da rede de saúde mental: entre desafios e potencialidades Beyond mental health’s network: between challenges and potentialities
Authors: Eslabão Adriane Domingues , Coimbra Valéria Cristina Christello , Kantorski Luciane Prado , Da Cruz Ariane Guedes , Nunes Cristiane Kenes , Demarco Daiane de Aquino
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: Avaliar os desafios e as potencialidades da rede de saúde mental a partir da Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Métodos: Consiste em um estudo descritivo e exploratório, com abordagem metodológica qualitativa. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de abril a maio de 2012 em Unidades de Saúde da Família no município de Pelotas-RS. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com seis gestores, as quais foram gravadas e transcritas literalmente. Resultados: Os desafios são apontados pela: falta de apoio da gestão, uso excessivo de psicofármacos, alguns profissionais não conhecem seus usuários e falta comunicação na rede. As potencialidades são: o reconhecimento do comprometimento de profissionais com as ações de saúde mental e a preocupação dos gestores com as práticas de saúde mental dentro dos seus serviços. Conclusão: O cuidado envolve muitos atores sociais que precisam trabalhar em rede para amenizar os desafios e fortalecer as potencialidades para efetivar o cuidado.
Menopausal Hormone Therapy Use Among Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Yang Lin , Toriola Adetunji T.
Published: September 2024

Importance

Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is the treatment of choice for symptoms of menopause. However, its adoption is hindered by the risk-benefit trade-off in relation to acute and chronic diseases.

Objective

To evaluate trends in and correlates of MHT use among postmenopausal women in the US from 1999 to March 2020.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This serial cross-sectional analysis of MHT use used data from the nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants included noninstitutionalized US postmenopausal women from 10 NHANES study cycles (1999-2000 to 2017-March 2020 [pre–COVID-19 pandemic]). Data were analyzed from December 2023 to April 2024.

Exposures

NHANES study cycle.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Prevalence of MHT use was extracted from the prescription medication data collected during NHANES household interviews. MHT formulations were determined by hormone type.

Results

Data on 13 048 US postmenopausal women (47.1% ≥65 years old) were analyzed. From 1999 to 2020, the prevalence of MHT use decreased among women of all age groups, from 26.9% (95% CI, 22.6%-31.7%) in 1999 to 4.7% (95% CI, 3.4%-6.5%) in 2020. Until 2002, MHT use was highest among women aged 52 to 65 years, but since 2005, MHT use has been highest among women younger than 52 years. MHT use decreased by 23.5% (95% CI, 11.4%-35.6%), 31.4% (95% CI, 23.4%-39.5%), and 10.6% (95% CI, 6.3%-14.8%) for women younger than 52 years, 52 years to younger than 65 years, and 65 years and older, respectively. Prevalence of MHT use decreased from 13.8% (95% CI, 8.5%-21.7%) to 2.6% (95% CI, 1.5%-4.6%) for Hispanic women, 11.9% (95% CI, 8.5%-16.3%) to 0.5% (95% CI, 0.2%-1.1%) for non-Hispanic Black women, and 31.4% (95% CI, 27.1%-36.1%) to 5.8% (95% CI, 4.1%-8.2%) for non-Hispanic White women. Non-Hispanic White women consistently had the highest prevalence of MHT use. Estrogen-only formulation accounted for more than 50% of the MHT for most study periods. The prevalence of MHT use varied by family income-to-poverty ratio, health insurance coverage in all racial and ethnic groups, weight, and smoking status among non-Hispanic White women, as well as by education attainment among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic women.

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this cross-sectional study show that over the past 2 decades, MHT use declined among US postmenopausal women of all age and racial and ethnic groups. Women of racial and ethnic minority groups had lower prevalence of MHT use compared to non-Hispanic White women.
Nonequilibrium Thermal Shock Enabled Trapping of Metastable Multi‐Element Alloy Anode for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Dou Shuming , Shao Yueyue , Fan Longlong , Zhang Danfeng , Xu Jie , Zhang Jingchao , Tian Huijie , He Yan‐Bing , Mao Chong , Zhu He , Gan Wei , Zeng Jianrong , Liu Wei‐Di , Zhou Jia , Chen Yanan , Yuan Qunhui
Published: September 2024

Metastable multi‐element nanoalloys hold extensive potential for next‐generation batteries due to their distinct structures. However, it is difficult to obtain metastable nanoalloys through conventional equilibrium annealing. Herein, the rapid nanomanufacturing of metastable multi‐metallic nanoalloys is reported with single‐phase structure, ultrafine size distribution, and high‐density dispersion, realized by a novel nonequilibrium thermal shock (NTS) method. The NTS method, which features ultrafast heating/cooling rates and ultrashort treatment duration, can lead to the uniform mixing of different elements and the capture of the metastable state of multi‐element nanoalloys while preventing interparticle sintering/coarsening and phase separation. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, a metastable BiSnSb nanoalloy (M‐BiSnSb), prepared by the NTS method, exhibits rich lattice distortions and superior performance for potassium ion batteries (KIBs) compared with the stable BiSnSb (S‐BiSnSb) anode prepared by a typical equilibrium method. Additionally, in situ high‐temperature synchrotron X‐ray diffraction (SXRD) demonstrates the formation mechanism of M‐BiSnSb. Furthermore, in situ laboratory X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation systematically prove the alloying reaction mechanism and the structural advantages of the metastable nanoalloys in diffusion‐accelerating effect, respectively. This nonequilibrium nanomanufacturing strategy is expected to enable the rational and controllable synthesis of metastable nanomaterials for extensive electrochemical energy applications.
Adhesion of Catechol‐Functionalized Linear‐Dendritic Block Copolymers: Dendritic Effect, Self‐Assembly, and Bioadhesion
Authors: Lancelot Alexandre , Meger Mitchell E. , Guerreiro Gómez Enrique , Sierra Teresa , Wilker Jonathan J.
Published: September 2024

Inspired by mussels protein adhesives, two series of catechol‐functionalized Linear‐Dendritic Block Copolymer (LDBC) adhesives are synthesized. They show lap shear adhesion strength as high as 7 MPa on aluminum substrates and adhesion up to 3 kPa on porcine skin. These water‐soluble LDBCs are composed of i) either poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(propylene glycol)‐poly(ethylene glycol) triblock copolymer (Pluronic F‐127) as linear polymers, ii) Bis‐MPA dendrons of generation 0, 1, and 2 as dendritic parts, and iii) 2, 4, or 8 terminal catechol moieties. A LDBCs generation comparative test on aluminum reveals a clear dendritic effect: the LDBCs of second generation display higher adhesion than the LDBCs of first generation that also display higher adhesion than the LDBCs of generation 0 for both series, assessing thus a positive dendritic effect in adhesion. Second, a comparative study is carried out between the LDBCs based on PEG and the ones based on Pluronic. The ability of the Pluronic LDBCs to self‐assemble in water appears to reduce adhesion when applied on aluminum whereas it is essential to obtain adhesion on porcine skin, thanks to the formation of hydrogels, as observed by the vial inversion technique and electron microscopy.
Tailoring Coordination Fields of Asymmetric MO5S1‐Type Metal–Organic Frameworks Catalysts for Accelerated Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Ni Tengjia , Hou Xianbiao , Zhou Jian , Zhang Canhui , Dai Shuixing , Chu Lei , Wang Huanlei , Jiang Heqing , Huang Minghua
Published: September 2024

Asymmetric coordination has emerged as a promising approach to enhance the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity, yet achieving a controlled synthesis of asymmetric structures to comprehensively understand the structure‐activity relationship remains challenging. In this study, a facile and effective symmetry‐breaking strategy is reported for tailoring the asymmetric MO5S1‐type metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) catalyst, establishing the correlation between the sulfur (S)‐mediated electron rearrangement and the adsorption/desorption dynamics of oxygen‐related intermediates in OER. Experimental and theoretical calculations reveal that a well‐designed asymmetric structure can effectively lower the d‐band center, optimizing the adsorption behavior of OH* and significantly decreasing the reaction energy barrier for the rate‐determining step (OH* → O*) with enhanced O–H bond cleavage process. The S‐NiFe‐MOF/CFP catalyst demonstrates a remarkable OER performance in an alkaline electrolyte environment. More importantly, the self‐assembled anion exchange membrane water electrolysis cell showcases a low voltage of 1.84 V to deliver the current density of 1 A cm−2, maintaining long‐term stability for over 100 h. This study unveils a precise asymmetric synthesis strategy employing S, highlighting the critical role of manipulating electron redistribution through asymmetric coordination to promote catalytic activity and develop advanced MOF‐based catalysts.
Continuous Wave Mid‐Infrared Lasing from Single InAs Nanowires Grown on Silicon
Authors: Meder Steffen , Haubmann Benjamin , del Giudice Fabio , Schmiedeke Paul , Busse David , Zöllner Jona , Finley Jonathan J. , Koblmüller Gregor
Published: September 2024

Extending the emission wavelength of III‐V nanowire (NW) lasers grown on silicon into the mid‐infrared (MIR) spectral range has strong potential for applications. Examples include optical sensing and metrology, as well as integrated silicon photonics for information technologies. NW‐lasers with continuous wave (CW) operation, have remained, however, scarce in the MIR due to significant material physics challenges, and intrinsic effects such as Auger recombination that limit the radiative efficiency. Here, the CW operation of single InAs NW‐lasers site‐selectively grown on Si with emission in the range of 2.4–2.7 µm is reported. The cavity design is optimized via simulations of the threshold material gain and the parameters for selective area growth to minimize the modal gain for the TE01 optical mode. For NW diameters exceeding 700 nm, lasing under CW optical pumping with low thresholds of 1.4–27 kW cm−2 are obtained from 10 to 90 K for NW lengths ranging from 9–30 µm. The observed lasing behavior is quantified by the observation of clear positive net modal gain (630 cm−1) obtained using Hakki‐Paoli analysis. These findings mark an important advancement in the development of nanolasers for integrated MIR photonics.
Enhanced Performance of Self‐Powered γ‐Ray Irradiated MSM Deep UV Photodetector Based on MOCVD‐Grown ZnGa2O4 for Space Exploration
Authors: Khan Taslim , Aggarwal Pallavi , Tarntair Fu‐Gow , Tiwari Shivansh , Mishra Ambuj , Horng Ray‐Hua , Singh Rajendra
Published: September 2024

The utilization of device for the space explorations, the active material of the device must show resilience toward cosmos radiation. In this work, the radiation hardness of ZnGa2O4‐based deep ultra‐violet (DUV) photodetectors (PDs) is examined using γ‐ray irradiation. Responsivity of the photodetector at zero bias is found to improve from 0.98 to 1.94 mA W−1, the dark current increased from 0.11 to 5.6 pA, while photo‐to‐dark current ratio (PDCR) increased the from 3.2 × 103 to 3.1 × 104 and the photocurrent decay time improved from 220 to 190 ms. The high‐resolution X‐ray photoelectron spectra (HR‐XPS) of O 1s core level peak is deconvoluted into two main peaks namely, O(I) and O(II), where the lattice oxygen of ZnGa2O4 is identified by the O(I) peak, while its surface oxygen defect is represented by O(II). A clear increment is observed in the percentage of oxygen defect peak, O(II), from 6.82 to 53.19% after 200 kGy. Also, the device remains undeteriorated after 200 kGy irradiation, indicating it to be a radiation‐hard device. These characteristics allow ZnGa2O4 DUV PDs to function effectively in cosmic radiation environments with the capability to operate on zero‐bias, regardless of the γ‐radiation.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell‐Derived Parathyroid Organoids Resemble Parathyroid Morphology and Function
Authors: Şenkal‐Turhan Selinay , Bulut‐Okumuş Ezgi , Aydın Muhterem , Başak Türkmen Neşe , Taşlıdere Aslı , Şahin Fikrettin , Yılmaz Şahin , Akkuş Süt Pınar , Doğan Ayşegül
Published: September 2024

The primary role of the parathyroid glands is to maintain calcium homeostasis through the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). The limited proliferative capacity and differentiation of parathyroid cells hinder the generation of cell therapy options. In this study, parathyroid organoids are successfully generated from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). At the end of the 20 days of differentiation, the parathyroid organoids exhibited distinct parathyroid morphology. Stereomicroscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis demonstrated the 3D arrangement of the cell layers in which intracellular structures of parathyroid cells resemble human parathyroid cellular morphology. Comprehensive molecular analyses, including RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS), confirmed the expression of key parathyroid‐related markers. Protein expression of CasR, CxCr4, Gcm2, and PTH are observed in parathyroid organoids. Parathyroid organoids secrete PTH, demonstrate active intercellular calcium signaling, and induce osteogenic differentiation via their secretome. The tissue integration potential of parathyroid organoids is determined by transplantation into parathyroidectomized rats. The organoid transplanted animals showed significant elevations in PTH‐related markers (CasR, CxCr4, Foxn1, Gcm2, and PTH). PTH secretion is detected in organoid‐transplanted animals. The findings represent a significant advancement in parathyroid organoid culture and may offer a cellular therapy for treating PTH‐related diseases, including hypoparathyroidism.
Cytotoxic Studies on Hybrid Inorganic Organic Hydrazone Metal (II) Complexes: Synthesis and Characterization of Geminal Multisite Assembly on Cyclotriphosphazene
Authors: Chelike Dinesh Kumar , Sadiq Muhammad , Abinash B. , Alagumalai Ananthan , Sarkar Koustav , Gurusamy Thangavelu Senthil A.
Published: September 2024

Herein, a new hybrid inorganic–organic ligand was designed and synthesized to form a series of transition metal (II) complexes as potential substrate towards cytotoxicity studies. The inorganic heterocycle, cyclotriphosphazene (N3P3Cl6, CTP) was chosen as the core unit to synthesize geminal hydrazone Schiff bases as multisite coordination ligand via substitution of six reactive chlorine. Herein, CTP was substituted by nucleophilic reaction at six chlorine atoms that exist on three phosphorus (V) centers of CTP with salicylaldehyde to form hexakis salicylaldehyde derivative. Further, salicylic hydrazide tethered with terminal amine group was condensed with above hexakis salicylaldehyde derivative of CTP at ratio of 1:6 afforded SBCTP ligand. Indeed, a series of M (II) complexes (M = Co, Ni, Mn, Cu and Zn) were obtained from SBCTP ligand with characteristic functional groups to manifest the cytotoxic activity, in order to venture as the active anticancer agent in pharmaceutics. Despite the Schiff base of aromatic rings tend to exhibit inherent cytotoxic properties, the complementary influence of CTP appended with two consecutive salicylic units in SBCTP found to show unique properties. In particular, metal (II) complexes via imine bonds of SBCTP oriented from CTP ring found to reveal essential properties to treat cancerous cells. The above ligand and prospective metal complexes were investigated individually for the cytotoxic activity with normal and cancerous cells at five different concentrations, with/without addition of the above samples into MTT assay. Structural characterization of above samples was conducted by multinuclear NMR, 1H, 13C, and 31P as well as ESI, HRMS, FTIR, EDS, and TGA data.
Distribution and morphology of serotonin transporter‐immunoreactive type I cells in the rat carotid body
Authors: Yokoyama Takuya , Abdali Sayed Sharif , Nakamuta Nobuaki , Yamamoto Yoshio
Published: September 2024

The present study reexamined the immunolocalization of membranous serotonin transporter (SERT) in the rat carotid body, and demonstrated SERT‐immunoreactive cells of unreported morphology. SERT was immunohistochemically localized in a very small population of cell clusters or single type I cells (2.8%) immunoreactive for synaptophysin, the marker of these cells. Intense SERT immunoreactivity outlined the perinuclear cytoplasm and multiple cytoplasmic processes of type I cells. Of SERT‐immunoreactive type I cells, 14.6% and 32.6% were immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine beta‐hydroxylase, respectively, while 75.9% were immunoreactive for serotonin (5‐HT). 5‐HT‐immunoreactive products were localized in cell bodies rather than cytoplasmic processes. SERT‐immunoreactive type I cells were composed of an oval cell body with multiple threads and spherical or elongated cytoplasmic processes. Clusters or single SERT‐immunoreactive type I cells were localized between or attached to other TH‐immunoreactive type I cells by cell bodies or variform cytoplasmic processes. SERT‐immunoreactive type I cells mainly contained bassoon‐immunoreactive products in their cell bodies rather than their variform cytoplasmic processes. These results demonstrated the characteristic morphology of SERT‐immunoreactive type I cells, which extend multiple cytoplasmic processes with variform terminal parts. Their morphology might be suitable for uptake of 5‐HT to control the serotonergic modulation in the carotid body.
Interaction and association between multiple vitamins and social adaptability and severity of autism: A large‐scale retrospective study from China
Authors: Liu Qi , Yu Dongchuan
Published: September 2024

Since children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit selective eating behaviors, it is generally believed that they may have abnormal nutrient structure, leading to aberrant concentrations of some serum vitamins. However, previous studies on serum vitamins in individuals with ASD are mixed. Additionally, the interaction and association between multiple serum vitamin and ASD‐related symptoms remain unclear. This study utilized a cross‐sectional survey with a large sample size (n = 1235) from China to clarify previous mixed findings, and examine the interaction and association between multiple serum vitamins (including folic acid [FA], vitamin A [VA], vitamin E [VE], vitamin B12 [VB12], and vitamin D [VD]) and social adaptability and symptom severity in children with ASD. Findings found that symptom severity was negatively associated with concentrations of serum VA, VE, VB12, and VD; while, social adaptability was significantly associated with the natural log‐transformed concentrations of FA and VB12. Finding also revealed the interaction of VA and VE on the association between both vitamins and severity of ASD symptoms, as well as the interaction of VB12 and FA on the association between both vitamins and social adaptability. In particular, the combination of low concentration of VA and high concentration of VE is associated with the lowest risk of being “severely autistic”; while, the combination of low concentration of FA and high concentration of VB12 is associated with the lowest risk of being “poor social adaptability”. This study offers the evidence for the requirement of considering multiple vitamins comprehensively, as well as valuable references for revealing the association between vitamin disparities and food selectivity in children with ASD.
Meta‐Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies With Multiple Thresholds: Comparison of Approaches in a Simulation Study
Authors: Zapf Antonia , Frömke Cornelia , Hardt Juliane , Rücker Gerta , Voeltz Dina , Hoyer Annika
Published: September 2024

The development of methods for the meta‐analysis of diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) studies is still an active area of research. While methods for the standard case where each study reports a single pair of sensitivity and specificity are nearly routinely applied nowadays, methods to meta‐analyze receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves are not widely used. This situation is more complex, as each primary DTA study may report on several pairs of sensitivity and specificity, each corresponding to a different threshold. In a case study published earlier, we applied a number of methods for meta‐analyzing DTA studies with multiple thresholds to a real‐world data example (Zapf et al., Biometrical Journal. 2021; 63(4): 699–711). To date, no simulation study exists that systematically compares different approaches with respect to their performance in various scenarios when the truth is known. In this article, we aim to fill this gap and present the results of a simulation study that compares three frequentist approaches for the meta‐analysis of ROC curves. We performed a systematic simulation study, motivated by an example from medical research. In the simulations, all three approaches worked partially well. The approach by Hoyer and colleagues was slightly superior in most scenarios and is recommended in practice.
Environmental, social, and governance reporting in family firms: The critical role of CEO attributes
Authors: Seow Richard Yeaw Chong
Published: September 2024

Amid the global surge in emphasis on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) reporting, the response of family firms to these demands has been underexplored. Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) play an essential role in materializing and adhering to ESG‐related expectations from stakeholders. Anchored in upper echelons and socio‐emotional wealth theoretical frameworks, this study embarks on a novel investigation into the complex attributes of CEOs, aiming to deepen the understanding of their role in advocating for ESG principles. Employing a random effects model with robust standard errors, this research scrutinizes data from Malaysian family firms between 2018 and 2022. Findings reveal that CEO tenure, experience, and board interlocking positively correlate with ESG reporting, enhancing these family firms' sustainability profiles. In contrast, CEO ownership displays a negative correlation with ESG reporting, suggesting a potential conflict between personal ownership interests and broader ESG commitments. This study significantly contributes to the evolving discourse on ESG practices within family firms, highlighting the pivotal influence of distinct CEO attributes on the ESG reporting landscape.
Comparative Study of PtM (M=Cu, Zn, Ga, Mn, Fe, In, Ce) Bimetals on Zincosilicate for Propane Dehydrogenation Reaction
Authors: Liu Hao , Liu Liyang , Qin Qiuju , Li Jinfeng , Li Bin , He Xiaohui , Ji Hongbing
Published: September 2024

Silicoaluminate zeolites have relatively strong Brönsted (B) acid properties that can easily lead to deep cracking reactions, making them less favourable as carriers for propane dehydrogenation. Here, we utilise zincosilicate zeolite with less B‐acid produced by the introduction of the heteroatom Zn into the framework as a carrier, followed by simultaneous ion exchange (IE) of M monometallic or PtM bimetallic (M=Cu, Zn and Ga, etc.). The optimized PtZn/Zn‐4 exhibits a superior propane dehydrogenation performance over PtCu/Zn‐4 and PtGa/Zn‐4, which can achieve a propane conversion of about 30 % in a pure propane atmosphere at 550 °C and can be operated for at least 168 h without significant deactivation. Characterization techniques such as spherical aberration corrected transmission electron microscopy, in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy with different gas adsorptions are used to investigate these PtM@zeolite catalysts in order to deepen the understanding of acid site identification, promoter effect and catalysis.
Multifaceted role of the actin‐binding protein WIP: Promotor and inhibitor of tumor progression and dissemination
Authors: Alonso‐Eiras Jorge , Anton Ines M.
Published: September 2024

Cancer cells depend on actin cytoskeleton reorganization to achieve hallmark malignant functions including abnormal activation, proliferation, migration and invasiveness. (Neural)‐Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome protein ((N‐)WASP) binds actin and forms a complex with the WASP‐interacting protein (WIP), which plays a critical role in regulating the actin cytoskeleton, through (N)‐WASP‐dependent and independent functions. Mutations in the WIP gene (WIPF1) lead to severe early onset immunodeficiency in humans and severe autoimmunity and shortened lifespan in mice. This review covers the available evidence about the physiological role of WIP in different tissues and its contribution to human disease, focusing on cancer. In solid tumors overexpression of WIP has mostly been associated with tumor initiation, progression and dissemination through matrix degradation by invadopodia, while a suppressive function has been shown for WIP in certain hematological cancers. Interestingly, a minority of studies suggest a protective role for WIP in specific tumor contexts. These data support the need for further research to fully understand the mechanisms underlying WIP's diverse functions in health and disease and raise important questions for future work.