bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors that enhance the perceived quality and student satisfaction of specialized postgraduate programs: the role of identity
Authors: Park Soohyun , Kim Kilsun
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This study identifies the factors that postgraduate service management programs (PSMPs) in Korean Universities can use to gain competitive advantage.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed-method approach was adopted in serial order to verify the role of PSMP identity in the relationship between education service quality and student satisfaction established in prior research. Study 1 is a case study designed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the PSMPs in Korea using data derived through a document review of the sources collected from the official websites of PSMPs. In Study 2, focus group interviews were conducted with students and graduates of PSMPs to gain new insights that would help attain competitive advantage. Finally, a questionnaire survey was conducted in Study 3 to statistically test the relationship between PSMP identity, education service quality and student satisfaction.

Findings

Education service quality has a positive impact on PSMP identity, PSMP identity has a positive impact on student satisfaction and PSMP identity mediates the aforementioned impacts. The results established PSMP identity as a key factor in enhancing its competitiveness.

Originality/value

Since PSMPs have a short history and are limited number of cases in Korea, their justification is not well-understood by the general public and companies. This problem is not limited to PSMPs but is also shared by other specialized postgraduate programs. With comprehensive data on and new insights into PSMPs, including the determinants of competitive advantage, the results provide basic evidence for follow-up research and useful information for administrative officers in charge of specialized postgraduate programs.
Estimating the effects of shrinking the criminal justice system on criminal recidivism
Authors: Loeffler Charles E. , Braga Anthony A.
Published: May 2022

Research Summary

We examined the impact of Raise the Age (RTA) in Massachusetts, which increased the maximum jurisdictional age for its juvenile court in late 2013. Using statewide re‐arraignment data and a difference‐in‐differences research design comparing affected 17‐year‐olds to unaffected 18‐year‐olds, we find that RTA increased recidivism for affected 17‐year‐olds. The observed increases in recidivism were especially large for 17‐year‐olds without prior justice involvement. This result may stem from the more extensive use of pretrial supervision or the diminished deterrence of prosecution within the Massachusetts juvenile justice system.

Policy Implications

This study demonstrates that prosecuting older adolescents as juveniles can exacerbate rather than reduce future justice involvement. This finding highlights the ongoing risk of unanticipated and iatrogenic impacts of criminal justice interventions. It also suggests the need for caution in further expansions of RTA until evidence of anticipated programmatic benefits can be confirmed.
Evaluation on antiosteoporosis of collagen peptides prepared by immobilized protease with eggshell membrane
Authors: Wu Yuanyue , Ye Qianqian , Zhang Ling , Cheng Zuxin , Xiao Kaijun , Zhu Liang , Yin Yurong , Dong Hao
Published: May 2022

Collagen peptides are a potential treatment for osteoporosis due to their antiosteoporosis activity. In this study, we prepared immobilized protease with eggshell membrane as carrier, and then hydrolyzed collagen to obtain collagen peptide. The antiosteoporosis of collagen peptides was confirmed by hBMSC osteogenic differentiation and bone mineralization improvement results. Surprisingly, antiosteoporosis of collagen peptides was related to the molecular weight of collagen peptides. This was derived from the osteoblast marker gene expressions, and mineral elements in P1 treatment were higher than those in P3 treatment. Consequently, these results confirmed that antiosteoporosis of low molecular weight collagen peptides is higher than that of higher molecular weight collagen peptides. Furthermore, the antiosteoporosis activity of P1 was due to its peptide sequences with known antiosteoporosis activity in P1.

Practical Application

Using eggshell membrane as carrier to prepare immobilized protease was meaningful for solving the problem of resource waste. In addition, the results showed that collagen peptides possessed antiosteoporosis, and the effect of low molecular weight collagen peptides was better. This study provides a theoretical basis for developing high antiosteoporosis collagen peptides able to treat osteoporosis.
A UN Treaty for Marine Biodiversity: Establishing Environmental Policy Integration in Global Governance
Authors: Barirani Dona
Published: May 2022

An extensive regime for marine biodiversity in ‘areas beyond national jurisdiction’ is currently discussed under the United Nations. A key aspect of its institutional design concerns the integrative quality of the treaty that is to be developed on the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction – called the ‘BBNJ Agreement’. There is a large number of global and regional policy instruments regulating activities in the areas beyond national jurisdiction. Yet, issues of integrating and coordinating these instruments prevail, raising the question how a new treaty could provide for environmental policy integration in ocean governance. This paper draws on environmental policy integration literature of the past three decades to explore, ex ante, to what extent the planned ocean treaty can contribute to more institutional harmonization. It examines how the treaty addresses four key policy‐making dimensions of environmental policy integration, and new opportunities and challenges that have emerged, based on the attributes of the treaty provisions and its institutional architecture. This paper concludes that the BBNJ Agreement offers an alternative policy framework which has the potential to enhance the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity by triggering more international cooperation and collaboration and filling gaps in ocean governance.
Compliance with clinical guidelines increases the safety of vacuum‐assisted delivery
Authors: Yim Stephen L.Y. , Petersen Tomas W. , Uppal Munawwara Talat , Quinlivan Julie A.
Published: May 2022

Background

Vacuum‐assisted delivery (VAD) is a common and safe obstetric procedure. However, occasionally serious complications may occur. Clinical guidelines and College Statements have been developed to reduce the risk of serious adverse events. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG) College Statement C‐Obs 16 has not been evaluated to see if advice improves outcomes.

Aim

The aim was to evaluate whether compliance with RANZCOG College Statement C‐Obs 16 advice reduced the risk of serious adverse outcomes, specifically clinically significant subgaleal haemorrhage and major birth trauma.

Materials and Methods

Retrospective audit of VADs in a level five hospital (NSW Maternity and Neonatal capability framework) from January 2020 to 2021.

Results

There were 1960 women who delivered in the study period, of whom 252 (12.8%) delivered by vacuum, and complete data were available from 241 cases. Statement compliance was observed in 81%. The main deviation from Statement compliance was pulls exceeding three. Statement compliance was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of subgaleal haemorrhage (0% vs 11%, P = 0.0002), major birth trauma (3% vs 22%, P = 0.0001), requirement for neonatal resuscitation (14% vs 35%, P = 0.0026) and Apgar scores at one minute less than six (5% vs 22% P = 0.0006). Statement compliance was associated with a significant reduction in maternal blood loss at delivery (388 mL vs 438 mL, P = 0.01). Noncompliance with Statement advice was observed significantly more often in pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes (3% vs 15%, P = 0.02) and birth requiring instrument change (4% vs 13% P = 0.031).

Conclusion

Compliance with a College Statement is associated with lower rates of subgaleal haemorrhage and major neonatal trauma. The main deviation from compliance was pulls in excess of three.

Keyword: birth trauma, clinical guidelines, quality and safety in healthcare, subgaleal haemorrhage, vacuum delivery
Effectiveness of emergency surgery for five common acute conditions: an instrumental variable analysis of a national routine database
Authors: Hutchings A. , O’Neill S. , Lugo‐Palacios D. , Moler Zapata S. , Silverwood R. , Cromwell D. , Keele L. , Bellingan G. , Moonesinghe S. R. , Smart N. , Hinchliffe R. , Grieve R.
Published: May 2022

The effectiveness of emergency surgery vs. non‐emergency surgery strategies for emergency admissions with acute appendicitis, gallstone disease, diverticular disease, abdominal wall hernia or intestinal obstruction is unknown. Data on emergency admissions for adult patients from 2010 to 2019 at 175 acute National Health Service hospitals in England were extracted from the Hospital Episode Statistics database. Cohort sizes were: 268,144 (appendicitis); 240,977 (gallstone disease); 138,869 (diverticular disease); 106,432 (hernia); and 133,073 (intestinal obstruction). The primary outcome was number of days alive and out of hospital at 90 days. The effectiveness of emergency surgery vs. non‐emergency surgery strategies was estimated using an instrumental variable design and is reported for the cohort and pre‐specified sub‐groups (age, sex, number of comorbidities and frailty level). Average days alive and out of hospital at 90 days for all five cohorts were similar, with the following mean differences (95%CI) for emergency surgery minus non‐emergency surgery after adjusting for confounding: −0.73 days (−2.10–0.64) for appendicitis; 0.60 (−0.10–1.30) for gallstone disease; −2.66 (−15.7–10.4) for diverticular disease; −0.07 (−2.40–2.25) for hernia; and 3.32 (−3.13–9.76) for intestinal obstruction. For patients with ‘severe frailty’, mean differences (95%CI) in days alive and out of hospital for emergency surgery were lower than for non‐emergency surgery strategies: −21.0 (−27.4 to −14.6) for appendicitis; −5.72 (−11.3 to −0.2) for gallstone disease, −38.9 (−63.3 to −14.6) for diverticular disease; −19.5 (−26.6 to −12.3) for hernia; and − 34.5 (−46.7 to −22.4) for intestinal obstruction. For patients without frailty, the mean differences (95%CI) in days alive and out of hospital were: −0.18 (−1.56–1.20) for appendicitis; 0.93 (0.48–1.39) for gallstone disease; 5.35 (−2.56–13.28) for diverticular disease; 2.26 (0.37–4.15) for hernia; and 18.2 (14.8–22.47) for intestinal obstruction. Emergency surgery and non‐emergency surgery strategies led to similar average days alive and out of hospital at 90 days for five acute conditions. The comparative effectiveness of emergency surgery and non‐emergency surgery strategies for these conditions may be modified by patient factors.
Taking Renewables to Market: Prospects for the After‐Subsidy Energy Transition
Authors: Christophers Brett
Published: May 2022

With the cost of solar and wind technologies having declined, governments are scaling back the subsidies and guarantees that have historically supported the development of renewable power. The renewables sector is struggling to stand commercially on its own feet, however: without state support, it is often difficult for developers to secure project funding. This article examines both this growing challenge to the energy transition and a key mechanism to which developers are turning to try to resolve it—the corporate power‐purchase agreement (PPA). Under renewables PPAs, corporations such as technology firms contract to buy electricity for periods of up to 15–20 years. Often pivotal in unlocking development finance, PPAs have been hailed as re‐energising a faltering energy transition. But to rely on the purchasing habits of the likes of Amazon and Google to maintain the shift into renewables is to raise important political, economic and ecological questions.
Predicting clinical trial outcomes using drug bioactivities through graph database integration and machine learning
Authors: Murali Vidhya , Muralidhar Y. Pradyumna , Königs Cassandra , Nair Meera , Madhu Sethulekshmi , Nedungadi Prema , Srinivasa Gowri , Athri Prashanth
Published: May 2022

The ability to estimate the probability of a drug to receive approval in clinical trials provides natural advantages to optimizing pharmaceutical research workflows. Success rates of clinical trials have deep implications for costs, duration of development, and under pressure due to stringent regulatory approval processes. We propose a machine learning approach that can predict the outcome of the trial with reliable accuracies, using biological activities, physicochemical properties of the compounds, target‐related features, and NLP‐based compound representation. In the above list, biological activities have never been used as an independent variable towards the prediction of clinical trial outcomes. We have extracted the drug–disease pair from clinical trials and mapped target(s) to that pair using multiple data sources. Empirical results demonstrate that ensemble learning outperforms independently trained, small‐data ML models. We report results and inferences derived from a Random forest classifier with an average accuracy of 93%, and an F1 score of 0.96 for the “Pass” class. “Pass” refers to one of the two classes (Pass/Fail) of all clinical trials, and the model performed well in predicting the “Pass” category. Through the analysis of feature contributions to predictive capability, we have demonstrated that bioactivity plays a statistically significant role in predicting clinical trial outcome. A significant effort has gone into the production of the dataset that, for the first time, integrates clinical trial information with protein targets. Cleaned, organized, integrated data and code to map these entities, created as a part of this work, are available open‐source. This reproducibility and the freely available code ensure that researchers with access to deep curated and proprietary clinical trial databases (we only use open‐source data in this study) can further expand the scope of the results.
Pouch volvulus—why adhesions are not always the enemy
Authors: Dionigi Beatrice , Prien Christopher , Lavryk Olga , Lightner Amy L. , Holubar Stefan D. , Hull Tracy
Published: May 2022

Aim

Minimally invasive approaches to proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis have become the standard of care with one benefit being the reduced risk of adhesion‐related complications. However, a lack of pouch adherence to the pelvis can lead to increased mobility as well as volvulization, placing pouch viability at risk. We aimed to describe our institutional experience with pouch volvulus.

Methods

Patients who presented with pouch volvulus from 1983 to 2020 were identified through a search of our pelvic pouch registry and enterprise‐wide electronic medical record. Pouch volvulus was defined as a reducible rotation of the J‐pouch on its mesenteric axis with evidence of a properly oriented ileo‐anal anastomosis. Patients with ‘twisted pouches’ were excluded.

Results

In total, 5760 patients underwent ileal pouch anal anastomosis from 1983 to 2020. Six patients (five women) were identified with a diagnosis of ‘pouch volvulus’ consistent with our definition. The six pouches were constructed utilizing laparoscopic techniques and the mean time from construction to volvulus was 2.36 years. All patients underwent urgent surgery, with a paucity of adhesions noted in five. Reduction and pouch pexy was performed in three and pouch excision in three, with immediate pouch reconstruction in two and end ileostomy creation in one. At a median follow‐up of 9 months, pouch survival was 50%.

Conclusions

Pelvic pouches constructed using minimally invasive techniques may be at risk of volvulus due to reduced adhesion development. A high index of suspicion is warranted in pouch patients with obstructive symptomatology. CT imaging may be diagnostic, and prompt surgical intervention may facilitate pouch salvage.
Evaluation of itch and pain induced by bovine adrenal medulla (BAM)8–22, a new human model of non‐histaminergic itch
Authors: Aliotta Giulia Erica , Lo Vecchio Silvia , Elberling Jesper , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars
Published: May 2022

Chronic itch is a socioeconomic burden with limited management options. Non‐histaminergic itch, involved in problematic pathological itch conditions, is transmitted by a subgroup of polymodal C‐fibres. Cowhage is traditionally used for studying experimentally induced non‐histaminergic itch in humans but encounters some limitations. The present study, therefore, aims to design a new human, experimental model of non‐histaminergic itch based on the application of bovine adrenal medulla (BAM)8–22, an endogenous peptide that activates the MrgprX1 receptor. Twenty‐two healthy subjects were recruited. Different concentrations (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/ml) of BAM8‐22 solution and vehicle, applied by a single skin prick test (SPT), were tested in the first session. In the second session, the BAM8‐22 solution (1 mg/ml) was applied by different number of SPTs (1, 5 and 25) and by heat‐inactivated cowhage spicules coated with BAM8‐22. Provoked itch and pain intensities were monitored for 9 min, followed by the measurement of superficial blood perfusion (SBP) and mechanical and thermal sensitivities. BAM8‐22 induced itch at the concentration of 1, 2 mg/ml (p < 0.05) and with the significantly highest intensity when applied through BAM8‐22 spicules (p < 0.001). No concomitant pain sensation or increased SBP was observed. SBP increased only in the 25 SPTs area probably due to microtrauma from the multiple skin penetrations. Mechanical and thermal sensitivities were not affected by any of the applications. BAM8‐22 applied through heat‐inactivated spicules was the most efficient method to induce itch (without pain or changes in SBP and mechanical and thermal sensitivities) suggesting BAM8‐22 as a novel non‐histaminergic, human, experimental itch model.
Evaluation of efficacy of antioxidant‐enriched sunscreen prodcuts against long wavelength ultraviolet A1 and visible light
Authors: Ruvolo Eduardo , Boothby‐Shoemaker Wyatt , Kumar Nishant , Hamzavi Iltefat H. , Lim Henry W. , Kohli Indermeet
Published: May 2022

Objective

The synergistic effects of VL and long wavelength UVA1 (VL + UVA1, 370–700 nm) on inducing pigmentation and erythema in skin have been demonstrated and linked to exacerbation of dermatologic conditions including melasma and post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation. This study aimed to compare the photoprotection of organic sunscreens enriched with antioxidant (AO) combinations against VL + UVA1 induced biologic effects. The efficacy was compared with that offered by a commercially available tinted sunscreen.

Methods

Ten healthy adult subjects with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes IV–VI were enrolled (nine completed). VL + UVA1 dose of 380 J/cm2 was utilized. Assessment methods were polarized photography, investigator global scoring and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Measurements were obtained at baseline and immediately, 24 h and 7 days after irradiation.

Results

Sites treated with tinted sunscreen product had significantly less pigmentation compared with untreated but irradiated skin at all time points. However, DRS results demonstrated that the 5‐AO sunscreen performed comparably or better than all sunscreens tested with relatively lower dyschromia, delayed erythema and pigmentation.

Conclusion

These results highlight the potential of AO‐enriched sunscreens to be photoprotective against VL + UVA1. The combination of efficacy and the cosmetic appearance of this product may provide wider acceptability which is crucial considering the limited available means of protection against this waveband.
Fault‐lines in temporary migration schemes: The case of Australia and the legacies of settler‐colonial mentalities in the exploitation of temporary non‐citizens
Authors: Tazreiter Claudia , Burridge Andrew
Published: May 2022

We evaluate the complexity of temporary migration schemes in contrast to the longstanding approach to immigration as a key aspect of nation‐building in settler societies. Until the early 1990s, predominantly one‐way, permanent immigration schemes were preferred in settler societies such as Australia. In an increasingly fluid global context, temporary migrants are more susceptible to forms of abuse and exploitation in a host society, with fewer forms of redress due to their status as non‐citizens and non‐permanent residents. Taking a specific focus upon Australia, we contextualize the experiences of temporary migrants both prior to and under the conditions of COVID‐19. Our key argument is that temporary migration schemes are organised and structured not only to favour states, as well as employers and businesses, but that the stripping back of rights to those who enter these schemes is a deliberative aspect of the state approach.
Seize the day, …s(e)ize the device: The emerging imaging modality to improve left atrial appendage device sizing
Authors: Tondo Claudio
Published: May 2022

There is still uncertainity about the use of computed tomography‐scan for left atrial appendage occlusion  (LAAO) device sizing. The main reason for this disappointing position is likely to relate to the scarcity of robust data, since there is still difference among institutions with regards how to perform measurement of the devices. Dallan et al. report their own experience on the use of a novel computed tomography angiography‐based (CTA) for sizing the Watchman Flex device for LAAO. The authors through the TruPlan software package that a preprocedural CTA sizing protocol can be applied successfully with intracardiac echocardiography guidance and provide excellent procedural outcomes. The applied CTA protocol is safe and can provide high success rates with the WatchmanTM FLX device reducing the number of deployment attempts and reducing the risk of complications.
ACE units—It takes a team!
Authors: Palmer Robert M.
Published: May 2022

This brief report on an article by Norman et al. in this issue.
Mechanisms of dermal bone repair after predatory attack in the giant stem‐group teleostLeedsichthys problematicusWoodward, 1889a (Pachycormiformes)
Authors: Johanson Zerina , Liston Jeff , Davesne Donald , Challands Tom , Meredith Smith Moya
Published: May 2022

Leedsichthys problematicusis a suspension‐feeding member of the Mesozoic clade Pachycormiformes (stem‐group Teleostei), and the largest known ray‐finned fish (Actinopterygii). As in some larger fish, the skeleton is poorly ossified, but the caudal fin (tail) is well‐preserved. Bony calluses have been found here, on the dermal fin rays, and when sectioned, show evidence of bone repair in response to damage. As part of this repair, distinctive tissue changes are observed, including the deposition of woven bone onto broken bone fragments and the surface of the lepidotrichium, after resorption of the edges of these fragments and the lepidotrichial surface itself. Within the woven bone are many clear elongate spaces, consistent with their interpretation as bundles of unmineralized collagen (Sharpey's fibres). These normally provide attachment within dermal bones, and here attach new bone to old, particularly to resorbed surfaces, identified by scalloped reversal lines. Haversian systems are retained in the old bone, from which vasculature initially invaded the callus, hence bringing stem cells committed to forming bone onto the surfaces of the damaged area. These observations provide strong evidence of a vital response through survival of a predatory attack by a large marine reptile, coeval withLeedsichthysin the Jurassic seas.
No association found between late‐onset inflammatory adverse events after soft tissue filler injections and the adaptive immune system
Authors: Decates Tom S. , Velthuis Peter J. , Jhingoerie Renushka , Gibbs Susan , Bachour Yara , Niessen Frank B.
Published: May 2022

Background

To date, it is unknown why some individuals develop late‐onset inflammatory adverse events after treatment with fillers. These events may result from various factors, including an immunological response of the adaptive immune system.

Objective

In a pilot study, we looked for evidence that is there a relation between late‐onset inflammatory adverse events and the presence of immune cells surrounding the injected filler.

Methods and Materials

We included 47 patients, of whom 20 experienced late‐onset inflammatory adverse events to different fillers (inflammatory group) and 27 who did not (reference group). A biopsy was taken from the area of the adverse event. Hematoxylin–eosin staining and immunohistochemistry analysis with CD3 (T‐cells) and CD68 (macrophages) on paraffin tissue sections was used to assess the biopsies.

Results

Immune cells were found in biopsies obtained from 18 of 47 patients: Nine biopsies from the inflammation group and nine from the reference group. All these 18 cases showed CD68‐positive immune cells. Virtually no CD3‐positive immune cells were found.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that there is no T‐cell activity in biopsies from areas with late‐onset adverse events after filler injections. The macrophages found in the biopsies are probably not responsible for the inflammatory response.
Dermatological uses of rice products: Trend or true?
Authors: Zamil Dina H. , Khan Rujman M. , Braun Tara L. , Nawas Zeena Y.
Published: May 2022

Background

Rice has been used for cosmetic purposes for centuries and its benefits have been translated into modern‐day skin careproducts.

Methods

Pubmed and google were searched with the terms “skin care” and “cosmetics” in conjunction with the words “rice”, “rice bran”, and “fermented rice bran”. Resulting articles were analysed for potential benefits of ingredients contained within rice for skin care and summarised.

Results

Individual components of rice have been identified including phenolic compounds, betaine, squalene, tricin, and rice bran. These rice‐derived ingredients have been found to be antiaging, anti‐inflammatory, whitening, photoprotective, and moisturizing. Moreover, rice‐derived ingredients have demonstrated benefits for dermatological conditions. Rice bran ash extract increases melanin synthesis and offers protection from radiation and skin injury. Fermented rice bran extract and rice bran broth baths have shown utility in atopic dermatitis treatments. Literature suggests that rice‐derived ingredients are also safe, non‐irritating, and hypoallergenic.

Conclusion

Ingredients isolated from rice and its components have wide potential for use in skin care and cosmetic products.
Increased intake of mono‐ and disaccharides by Reeves's muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi). Effect on gastrointestinal tract structure and function and blood parameters
Authors: Przybyło Marcin , Flaga Jadwiga , Clauss Marcus , Szczepanik Kinga , Miltko Renata , Bełżecki Grzegorz , Kowalski Zygmunt M. , Górka Paweł
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an increased mono‐ and disaccharide (MD) intake on selected functions and structure of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and selected blood parameters in Reeves's muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi), a small browsing ruminant. Eighteen male muntjacs were fed diets consisting of lucerne (ad libitum), a high fibre pellet (100 g/day) and wheat bran (30 g/day) without (MD0) or with addition of 10 or 20 g of glucose, fructose and sucrose mixture/day (MD10 and MD20, respectively) for 14 days. MD dosages were set to increase intake of these saccharides by 25% and 50% relative to MD0, which resulted in a range of water‐soluble carbohydrate content in the consumed dry matter from 7% to 12%. Compared to MD0 animals, MD20 animals had a lower dry matter intake, a higher MD concentrations in the reticulorumen (RR), abomasal and small intestinal digesta, higher ruminal butyrate concentration, higher SGLT1 expression in the epithelium of proximal jejunum, higher plasma glucose, lower RR tissue weight but greater caecal tissue weight (p ≤ 0.05), and had or tended to have shorter papillae and lower mucosa surface area in the Atrium ruminis (by 44%; p = 0.02 and p = 0.10, respectively); MD10 animals tended to have higher MD concentrations in the abomasal and small intestinal digesta (p ≤ 0.10), and a higher amylolytic activity (p = 0.02) as well as a tendency to lower xylanolytic activity in the RR digesta (p = 0.06). MD supplementation did not affect ruminal pH. In conclusion, low to moderate increase of MD intake increased MD concentrations in the RR, abomasal and intestinal digesta, and SGLT1 expression in intestinal epithelium, suggesting incomplete fermentation of those saccharides in the RR. MD supplementation dose‐dependently affects structure of GIT in Reeves's muntjac.
“[Y]ou are better off talking to a f****** wall”: The perceptions and experiences of grievance procedures among incarcerated people in Ireland
Authors: van der Valk Sophie , Aizpurua Eva , Rogan Mary
Published: May 2022

The ways in which grievance procedures are used and perceived by incarcerated people raise important questions about the operation of procedural justice and legal consciousness and mobilization scholarship in settings where rights are especially vulnerable. This paper analyzes perceptions and usage of the grievance procedure for incarcerated people using survey data from people (N = 508) in three prisons in Ireland. We find that incarcerated people's views of the grievance procedures are generally negative, though some use it, especially those serving long sentences and those in segregation, with education level not significant in terms of usage. Additionally, having confidence in staff is associated with satisfaction with the procedure, as is the perception that one's rights are respected, showing important connections between perceptions of complaints and aspects of legal consciousness. We suggest a need for further situated analyses of procedural justice and legal consciousness, as well as practical requirements for complaints systems to elicit confidence among incarcerated people.
Dehydroascorbate induces plant resistance in rice against root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola
Authors: Chavan Satish Namdeo , De Kesel Jonas , Desmedt Willem , Degroote Eva , Singh Richard Raj , Nguyen Giang Thu , Demeestere Kristof , De Meyer Tim , Kyndt Tina
Published: May 2022

Ascorbic acid (AsA) is an important antioxidant in plants and regulates various physiological processes. In this study, we show that exogenous treatments with the oxidized form of AsA, that is, dehydroascorbate (DHA), activates induced systemic resistance in rice against the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola, and investigate the molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying this phenotype. Detailed transcriptome analysis on roots of rice plants showed an early and robust transcriptional response on foliar DHA treatment, with induction of several genes related to plant stress responses, immunity, antioxidant activity, and secondary metabolism already at 1 day after treatment. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of H2O2 levels confirmed the appearance of a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst on DHA treatment, both at the site of treatment and systemically. Experiments using chemical ROS inhibitors or scavengers confirmed that H2O2 accumulation contributes to DHA‐based induced resistance. Furthermore, hormone measurements in DHA‐treated plants showed a significant systemic accumulation of the defence hormone salicylic acid (SA). The role of the SA pathway in DHA‐based induced resistance was confirmed by nematode infection experiments using an SA‐signalling deficient WRKY45‐RNAi line and reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR on SA marker genes. Our results collectively reveal that DHA activates induced systemic resistance in rice against the root‐knot nematode M. graminicola, mediated through the production of ROS and activation of the SA pathway.
Identification of a new species of Ixodes Latreille, 1795 (Acari: Ixodidae), parasite of hog badgers (Carnivora: Mustelidae) in China
Authors: Duan De‐Yong , Apanaskevich Dmitry A. , Liu Lei , Liu Guo‐Hua , Cheng Tian‐Yin
Published: May 2022

Ixodes hunanensis n. sp. (Acari: Ixodidae), is identified based on the morphological characteristics and molecular biological analyses of males and females ex hog badger, Arctonyx collaris Cuvier (Carnivora: Mustelidae) from China. Adults of this new species are similar to those of other species of the subgenus Pholeoixodes Schulze, 1942, from which they can be distinguished by the shape of basis capituli, development of cornua, size of porose areas, shape, and size of spurs on coxae and phylogenetic analyses of the cox1 and 16S rRNA sequences.
Micro‐Computed Tomography Analysis of Femoral Head Necrosis After Long‐Term Internal Fixation for Femoral Neck Fracture
Authors: Liu Yang , Liang Haoran , zhou Xin , Song Wenjie , Shao Huifeng , He Yong , Yang Yanfei , Guo Li , Li Pengcui , Wei Xiaochun , Duan Wangping
Published: May 2022

Objective

To analyze necrotic femoral head after long‐term internal fixation for femoral neck fractures using micro‐computed tomography (CT) for bone histomorphometry.

Methods

The experimental group included six patients (two men and four women; mean age 62.00 ± 9.36 years) who underwent hip arthroplasty at 47.67 ± 14.22 months after internal fixation. Surgery was performed because of femoral head necrosis after femoral neck fracture between October 2018 and October 2020. The control group included three patients (two men and one woman; mean age 69.33 ± 4.62 years) who underwent hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture. In the experimental group, micro‐CT quantitative analysis of the whole femur, sclerotic region around screws, screw paths, sclerotic region and screw paths, and relatively normal region was performed. The bone volume fraction (BV/TV), number of bone trabeculae (Tb.N), connection density (Conn.D), thickness of bone trabeculae (Tb.Th), separation of bone trabeculae (Tb.SP), structural model index (SMI), and bone mineral density (BMD) of each part were quantitatively analyzed.

Results

The BV/TV (0.3180 ± 0.0617), Conn.D (6.9261 ± 2.4715/mm3), Tb.Th (0.3262 ± 0.0136 μm), and BMD (298.9241 ± 54.2029 g/cm3) of the sclerotic region around the screws were significantly higher in the experimental group than the BV/TV (0.1248 ± 0.0390), Conn.D (2.5708 ± 0.5187/mm3), Tb.Th (0.1713 ± 0.0333 μm), and BMD (66.5181 ± 43.0380 g/cm3) in the control group (P < 0.05). The BV/TV (0.2222 ± 0.0684), Tb.Th (0.2775 ± 0.0326 μm), and BMD (195.0153 ± 71.8509 g/cm3) in the collapsed region were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). In the experimental group, the volume ratio of the sclerotic region around screws and screw paths to the entire femoral head was 0.4964 ± 0.0950.

Conclusion

After internal fixation for femoral neck fracture, a large number of sclerotic plate‐like trabeculae were observed around the long‐term retained implant. The screw paths and surrounding sclerotic comprise approximately 50% of the femoral head volume.
Facilitadores y recomendaciones de proveedores de salud para la implementación de la Profilaxis Pre-Exposición en clínicas de VIH en Colombia. “Estudio PPrE-Colombia”
Authors: Arrivillaga Marcela , Gómez Sheila Andrea , Mueses Héctor Fabio , Alvarado Beatriz , Martínez Buitrago Ernesto , Camargo-Plazas Pilar , Hurtado Lina Rocio , Bolívar Maria Camila , Galindo Ximena , Torres Julián , Cajas-Martínez Jorge Luis
Published: May 2022

Este artículo describe facilitadores y recomendaciones de proveedores de salud de clínicas de VIH para la implementación de PPrE en Colombia. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo con entrevistas semiestructuradas a 20 proveedores de salud de 9 clínicas. Se utilizó el “Marco Consolidado para avanzar en la Ciencia de la Implementación” para guiar el análisis de contenido de los hallazgos. Los resultados fueron: Características de la intervención: los proveedores reconocen PPrE como una terapia innovadora, de demostrada efectividad; recomiendan que debe implementarse por normativa nacional del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, con compra centralizada de medicamentos y adaptaciones a las diversidades regionales. Para ensamblar la PPrE en las clínicas, recomiendan articularla a programas preventivos de salud sexual, orientados por equipos interdisciplinarios capacitados. Ambiente externo: se recomendó fortalecer el trabajo en red con las secretarias de salud, Profamilia y organizaciones LGTBI; cambiar condiciones de contratación con las Entidades Promotoras de Salud para incluir PPrE dirigido a parejas de pacientes con VIH, y financiar con recursos públicos a personas que no la pueden pagar.  Ambiente interno: clima y disponibilidad de implementación percibidos como favorables para la adopción de PPrE; para reducir tensiones organizacionales por el cambio recomiendan expandir los planes de capacitación. Proceso de implementación: se recomienda el diseño de planes nacionales, locales e institucionales, así como la atracción de líderes clave internos y externos. Se concluye que los proveedores de salud de los clínicas para VIH en Colombia perciben un ambiente favorable para la adopción de PPrE en el país.
La inviabilidad financiera de las Entidades Promotoras de Salud (EPS) en Colombia, 2008 y 2019
Authors: Rodríguez Páez Fredy G , Marulanda Restrepo John A. , Pineda Céspedes José H. , Pineda Ospina Henry S. , González Borrero Jorge Iván
Published: May 2022

Ante la generalizada inviabilidad financiera de las Entidades Promotoras de Salud (EPS), se buscó brindar elementos de política pública en materia regulatoria, relacionados con la permanencia y estabilidad de las EPS del Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud (SGSSS). Se evaluó la situación financiera de las EPS en los años 2008 y 2019 mediante un análisis del estado de resultados, de la estructura financiera y de capital. Se evidenció un deterioro de la situación financiera de las EPS que en conjunto las hace inviables y se trataron de establecer las causas que lo originan y se generaron hipótesis sobre la permanencia de las EPS. Asimismo, se muestran fallas regulatorias que permiten la existencia de situaciones heterodoxas para el SGSSS, como son la integración vertical y un importante apalancamiento financiero con los proveedores, el cual, además de no pagar intereses, junto con prácticas de glosas y de descuentos por pronto pago, permite tener un bajo costo de la deuda. El SGSSS cuenta con una alta y progresiva participación de lo público en la que finalmente, al largo plazo, el Estado asume el riesgo al mantener una estructura financiera con patrimonio negativo que, en las condiciones actuales, no hace viable el aseguramiento en su conjunto y afecta la prestación. Esta situación amerita que se revise el alcance de lo público en el sector salud y, desde este enfoque, la arquitectura del SGSSS debido a que se pierden oportunidades de salud y bienestar para la población.
Spectral Simulation on the Flow Patterns and Thermal Control of Radiative Nanofluid Spraying on an Inclined Revolving Disk Considering the Effect of Nanoparticle Diameter and Solid–Liquid Interfacial Layer
Authors: Acharya Nilankush
Published: May 2022

The current work enlightens the flow pattern and thermal scenario of a nanofluid spraying on an inclined permeable rotating disk. The whirling disk is assumed to revolve with the angular speed Ω. The water-based alumina (Al2O3) nanofluid is considered as a functioning liquid. The nanofluid spraying is treated to be magnetically influenced and thermally radiative. The perception of the nanoparticles' diameter and solid–liquid interfacial layer is incorporated precisely at the nanolevel to observe the thermal variations of the nanofluidic motion. How the magnetic effect, permeability, and nanolayer affect nanofluidic transportation is revealed in detail. The leading flow equations are altered nondimensional using apposite similarity translation, and the spectral quasi-linearization method (SQLM) is instigated to tackle those multi-ordered nonlinear equations. Various three-dimensional figures, graphs, and tables are described to detect and analyze the hydrothermal variations. The linear regression slope technique is addressed to extract the reduction or enhancement rate of heat transference. Also, the probable error is estimated statistically to assure that hydrothermal characteristic is correlated with physical parameters. The consequences indicate enhanced heat transport for nanolayers, but reduced heat transmission for nanoparticles' diameter. Thermal profile intensifies for thickness parameter and impermeable surface, whereas decreases for nanoparticles' diameter.
Attachment of endothelial colony-forming cells onto a surface bearing immobilized anti-CD34 antibodies: Specific CD34 binding versus nonspecific binding
Authors: Burzava Anouck L. S. , Jasieniak Marek , Cockshell Michaelia P. , Voelcker Nicolas H. , Bonder Claudine S. , Griesser Hans J. , Moore Eli
Published: May 2022

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide; however, despite substantial advances in medical device surface modifications, no synthetic coatings have so far matched the native endothelium as the optimal hemocompatible surface for blood-contacting implants. A promising strategy for rapid restoration of the endothelium on blood-contacting biomedical devices entails attracting circulating endothelial cells or their progenitors, via immobilized cell-capture molecules; for example, anti-CD34 antibody to attract CD34+ endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs). Inherent is the assumption that the cells attracted to the biomaterial surface are bound exclusively via a specific CD34 binding. However, serum proteins might adsorb in-between or on the top of antibody molecules and attract ECFCs via other binding mechanisms. Here, we studied whether a surface with immobilized anti-CD34 antibodies attracts ECFCs via a specific CD34 binding or a nonspecific (non-CD34) binding. To minimize serum protein adsorption, a fouling-resistant layer of hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG) was used as a “blank slate,” onto which anti-CD34 antibodies were immobilized via aldehyde-amine coupling reaction after oxidation of terminal diols to aldehydes. An isotype antibody, mIgG1, was surface-immobilized analogously and was used as the control for antigen-binding specificity. Cell binding was also measured on the HPG hydrogel layer before and after oxidation. The surface analysis methods, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, were used to verify the intended surface chemistries and revealed that the surface coverage of antibodies was sparse, yet the anti-CD34 antibody grafted surface-bound ECFCs very effectively. Moreover, it still captured the ECFCs after BSA passivation. However, cells also attached to oxidized HPG and immobilized mIgG1, though in much lower amounts. While our results confirm the effectiveness of attracting ECFCs via surface-bound anti-CD34 antibodies, our observation of a nonspecific binding component highlights the importance of considering its consequences in future studies.
Electric buzz in a glass of pure water
Authors: Ben-Amotz Dor
Published: May 2022

Hydrogen bond charge transfer in water may have far-reaching chemical implications
An Immunogenic and Slow-Growing Cryptococcal Strain Induces a Chronic Granulomatous Infection in Murine Lungs
Authors: Telzrow Calla L. , Esher Righi Shannon , Castro-Lopez Natalia , Campuzano Althea , Brooks Jacob T. , Carney John M. , Wormley Floyd L. , Alspaugh J. Andrew
Published: May 2022

Many successful pathogens cause latent infections, remaining dormant within the host for years but retaining the ability to reactivate to cause symptomatic disease. The human opportunistic fungal pathogen
Cryptococcus neoformans
establishes latent pulmonary infections in immunocompetent individuals upon inhalation from the environment.
Emerging Role of ZBP1 in Z-RNA Sensing, Influenza Virus-Induced Cell Death, and Pulmonary Inflammation
Authors: Basavaraju Sharath , Mishra Sanchita , Jindal Rashi , Kesavardhana Sannula
Published: May 2022

Influenza viruses cause respiratory tract infections, which lead to human disease outbreaks and pandemics. Influenza A virus (IAV) circulates in diverse animal species, predominantly aquatic birds. This often results in the emergence of novel viral strains causing severe human disease upon zoonotic transmission.
Ethnoracial Disparities in SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in a Large Cohort of Individuals in Central North Carolina from April to December 2020
Authors: Lopez Cesar A. , Cunningham Clark H. , Pugh Sierra , Brandt Katerina , Vanna Usaphea P. , Delacruz Matthew J. , Guerra Quique , Bhowmik D. Ryan , Goldstein Samuel J. , Hou Yixuan J. , Gearhart Margaret , Wiethorn Christine , Pope Candace , Amditis Carolyn , Pruitt Kathryn , Newberry-Dillon Cinthia , Schmitz John L. , Premkumar Lakshmanane , Adimora Adaora A. , Baric Ralph S. , Emch Michael , Boyce Ross M. , Aiello Allison E. , Fosdick Bailey K. , Larremore Daniel B. , de Silva Aravinda M. , Juliano Jonathan J. , Markmann Alena J.
Published: May 2022

PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases underestimate true prevalence. Few robust community-level SARS-CoV-2 ethnoracial and overall prevalence estimates have been published for North Carolina in 2020.
The Role of Hexon Amino Acid 188 Varies in Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 Strains with Different Virulence
Authors: Wang Baiyu , Song Congcong , Yang Panpan , Song Mingzhen , Zhao Shiyi , Qiao Qilong , Wang Zeng , Zhao Jun
Published: May 2022

HHS induced by FAdV-4 has caused huge economic losses to the poultry industry. The key determinants for the different virulence of FAdV-4 have not been fully elucidated.
Multiple metastatic clones assessed by an integrative multiomics strategy in clear cell renal carcinoma: a case study
Authors: Dagher Julien , Brunot Angelique , Evrard Bertrand , Kammerer-Jacquet Solene-Florence , Beaumont Marion , Cornevin Laurence , Derquin Fanny , Verhoest Gregory , Bensalah Karim , Lespagnol Alexandra , Dugay Frederic , Belaud-Rotureau Marc-Antoine , Chalmel Frédéric , Rioux-Leclercq Nathalie
Published: May 2022

The dynamics of metastatic evolution in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are complex. We report a case study where tumour heterogeneity resulting from clonal evolution is a frequent feature and could play a role in metastatic dissemination.

We used an integrative multiomics strategy combining genomic and transcriptomic data to classify fourteen specimens from spatially different areas of a kidney tumour and three non-primary sites including a vein thrombus and two adrenal metastases.

All sites were heterogeneous and polyclonal, each tumour site containing two different aggressive subclonal populations, with differentially expressed genes implicated in distinct biological functions. These are rare primary metastatic samples prior to any medical treatment, where we showed a multiple metastatic seeding of two subclonal populations.

Multiple interdependent lineages could be the source of metastatic heterogeneity in ccRCC. By sampling metastases, patients with resistance to therapies could benefit a combination of targeted therapies based on more than one aggressive clone.