bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Potential for Personalized Learning in the K-12 Online Classroom
Authors: Villegas Sonimar
Published: March 2021

K-12 online education has come to be one of the most transformational trends in education, with K-12 full-time online schools serving 313,000 students in 33 states with enrollment in those programs increasing at a rate of about 6% per year. The growth of the K-12 online education setting has outpaced the ability for researchers to study and generate data supporting its best practices. Researchers recognized that there must be a change in epistemic beliefs, of how knowledge is created and developed, and how learner agency is facilitated in virtual learning environments. While most research on online teaching is geared towards higher education, there has been some research addressing K-12 online teaching. This chapter covers asynchronous instruction and synchronous instruction in virtual classrooms, frameworks that support these practices, and differentiation and its implementation in K-12 virtual classrooms.
Extra-Curricular Activities
Authors: Kojayan Aleen , Statti Aubrey
Published: March 2021

One of the fastest growing phenomena in the use of educational technology is online learning. The shift from traditional schooling to virtual models is a shift in pedagogy from objectivist to a constructivist model where students take more ownership over their learning. Given the current COVID-19 pandemic, academic institutes have an urgency to support students in an online environment while adapting extracurricular activities to the new domain and providing an additional level of engagement, support, and community of learners for their student body. It is important to adapt distant learning to meet all the social, academic, and cognitive needs of all students. This chapter seeks to introduce readers to the opportunities virtual schools can provide to their students interested in engaging with peers outside of the traditional classroom or school setting to pursue common likes and activities.
Exploring the Role of AI in K12
Authors: Hossain Syed Far Abid , Nurunnabi Mohammad , Nadi Armana Hakim , Hasan Al Mahmud , Ahsan Faiza Tanaz
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this chapter is to discover the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in K12. How AI, in particular robot teachers, are taking over online learning is the key objective of this study. A focus group interview was conducted online to measure the phenomenon. Findings from focus group interview indicated that the traditional method of teaching and learning had been changed dramatically due to numerous reasons, especially due to market turbulence like COVID-19. As a result, the role of AI in K12 received massive attention in society. The study contained a limited number of respondents that may affect the generalizability of the study. Future studies with mixed methodology may shed light on the undiscovered phenomenon of AI in the context of K12.
Active Blended Learning at Scale
Authors: Struan Andrew
Published: March 2021

This chapter analyses the deployment of active and blended approaches to course design and teaching across one of the largest writing programmes in the British higher education sector. The programme, which teaches and assesses 12,000 students per academic year, adopts an entirely active and blended approach to all elements of its design. This chapter presents the pedagogical underpinnings to the programme, a case study of how the programme has been deployed, and discussion of some key challenges. The chapter establishes that active and blended learning approaches were central to the success of the programme, and that without such pedagogical designs the programme would have failed to meet its essential requirements.
Active Blended Learning in an Undergraduate English for Academic Purposes Program
Authors: Harwood Chris
Published: March 2021

This chapter presents a multi-method qualitative study of an active blended learning (ABL) activity in an undergraduate English for academic purposes program at a North American university. The purpose of the study was to understand how instructors facilitated ABL in five online book clubs. The community of inquiry (CoI) framework is used to analyze the comments and posts in the book clubs. This data is discussed with data from interviews with three case study students and four book club instructors and data from a CoI student survey. The findings indicate that instructor book selection, questions, scaffolding strategies, modelling, and manner significantly mediated student perceptions regarding their engagement, participation, and interaction in the ABL activity. The study shows how students scaffolded each other's learning, read extensively, and practised academic reading strategies. Implications of how instructor pedagogy mediated student perceptions about their participation and learning in the ABL activity are then presented.
Optional Learning Activities for Personalising University Courses
Authors: Padilla Rodriguez Brenda Cecilia
Published: March 2021

This chapter focuses on a specific, simple strategy to foster active blended learning, a pedagogical approach that values flexibility. The author discusses the use of optional learning activities (OLAs) in graduate courses as a strategy to enable the customisation of the learning pathway and the effective incorporation of formative assessment. A sample of 68 former Master's and doctoral students, who engaged with OLAs, answered an online survey. Their views were predominantly positive. Participants agreed that OLAs promote active, personalised learning, and considered them motivating. Moreover, the number of OLAs completed positively and significantly correlated with final grades. OLAs represent a simple, low-investment way to create engaging, personalised courses. These activities empower students to explore their own interests in a structured, meaningful way. Recommendations for practice are described.
Becoming Blended
Authors: Ingham Mark
Published: March 2021

‘How Many Ways Can an Articulate Alien Analyse an Animated Robot?' is a performative, becoming-blended, active learning lecture that has evolved into one modelled on the principles of active blended learning. The author assembles the thinking of Gilles Deleuze, Felix Guattari, Paulo Freire, and bell hooks, amongst others, to create a discussion about how working with students actively, collaboratively, and in modes of blended delivery can enhance critical thinking and student engagement. The structure of this chapter echoes the way the lecture is organised, as in a three-act play. This enables a form of immersive experience, as the acts and actions of the lecture, dissected throughout the chapter, unfold.
Measuring the Success of Active Blended Learning
Authors: Wareing Shân
Published: March 2021

Active blended learning (ABL) is a defining aspect of the University of Northampton and has generated national and global interest. Within a few months of the author taking up a senior leadership position with the university, ABL was a significant positive factor in the university's ability to lock down the campus in response to COVID-19 and deliver education remotely. However, there is a scarcity of evaluation of ABL to provide evidence of the scale of its adoption in the university, its forms in different academic disciplines, its impact on different groups of students, and how to improve its effectiveness. Ideally, evaluation is always integral to pedagogic initiatives. It is however a reality that evaluation comes with challenges. This chapter explores why evaluation is so important and also so difficult. It proposes a way forward in the context of ABL by combining nationally available metrics with small-scale case studies.
Manufacturing Scheduling Strategy for Digital Enterprise Transformation
Authors: Tayali Halit Alper
Published: March 2021

Scientific research and mathematics are the driving forces of economic progress. Firms that can align themselves with the contemporary information and communication technology era through their decisions about the digital transformation and sustain their competitive advantage might have a higher chance of survival compared to those that cannot. The managerial decisions that revolve around manufacturing focus on production planning and control along with cost minimization. Scheduling and sequencing activities lie at the heart of production planning and control. This chapter provides a basic perspective for the transformation from the traditional batch processing type of short-term manufacturing scheduling to the single-piece flow type of scheduling while presenting a novel manufacturing scheduling model to minimize the manufacturing cost for varying setup times and job sequence.
Digital Management Towards Society 5.0
Authors: Akkaya Bulent , Gunsel Ayse , Yikilmaz Ibrahim
Published: March 2021

Society 5.0, human-centered social understanding, is defined as the period in which the technological opportunities offered by Industry 4.0 will serve the welfare of people. However, Society 5.0 faces many factors in terms of resistance to social change. Both the commitment of individuals and organizations to the current social life practice and uncertainty slows down the path to Society 5.0. With the COVID-19 pandemic-related digital solutions and applications on a world scale, life practices have radically changed. At this point, the process towards Society 5.0 has accelerated and the first stage of Kurt Lewin's three-steps change model has started, “unfreeze.” Decision makers and managers need to initiate change, particularly in education and other fields, and contribute to social transformation by “refreezing” new practices and methods that will serve human well-being and Society 5.0. In this context, this process was discussed, and recommendations were made in the scope of the study.
Digital Marketing Best Practices for Management in Tourist Destinations
Authors: Callejón-Gómez Cristina , Rojas-de-Gracia María-Mercedes
Published: March 2021

This work fills a gap that has existed up to now, proposing a series of specific indicators that serve as a manual of good digital marketing practices for the promotion of tourist destinations. According to the proposed model, the variables to take into account are those related to web metrics, SEO positioning, and social networks. Likewise, the indicators and metrics proposed in the tourist destination Malaga (Spain) are applied. In this way, the model can serve as a guide for the managing institutions of tourist destinations that wish to measure the results of their efforts. This analysis facilitates the identification of the strengths of the strategy followed, as well as those that need to be improved. It can also be used to verify the positioning of tourist destinations with respect to their competitors.
Connected Societies Through Digital Transformation
Authors: P. V. Ranjith , Varma Aparna J. , J. Ashwini
Published: March 2021

The converging, digitized, disruptive, and globalized world is transforming the way society exists and human beings live. These changes have helped us to collaborate and contribute in exciting and unforeseen ways by creating connected societies worldwide. Technology drives growth across industries and connects people thereby promoting further opportunities and changing the standard of living. IoT has enabled connectivity among people exponentially and advancement in the speed of internet connections have improved accessibility among users to acquire information and services worldwide around the clock. In many parts of the world, the internet has established itself as the primary medium to connect the societies. Digital transformation has made it essential for enterprises for changing their strategies to make sure that they are connected all the time virtually. This has enabled development of new and innovative approaches in education, healthcare, public service entertainment, etc. The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the concept of connected societies and its importance.
Digital Business Transformation in Ports
Authors: Solmaz Murat Selçuk
Published: March 2021

This chapter discusses using Internet of Things (IoT) technology in port management and strategies in the scope of digital business transformation. Many businesses around the world have begun to take advantage of digital technology in recent years. Ports are one of the building blocks of the maritime industry, which aims to increase its profitability by digitizing in today's increasingly competitive conditions. In recent years, IoT technology has been used extensively for digitalization in ports. This chapter introduces the current and potential uses of IoT technology in ports and to give an idea about how IoT technology will create an opportunity to develop the ports and to solve problems in ports.
Digital Employer Branding
Authors: Lissaneddine Zakaria , El Manzani Younès , El Idrissi Mostapha
Published: March 2021

Digital transformation has become a key concern for many enterprises that social media now occupy an important place more than ever in the managerial strategies. The human resources (HR) function is considered as one of the organizational dimensions that have taken advantage of these digital platforms, especially for the employer branding purposes. This chapter aims to explore the practices that enterprises in Morocco use to manage their employer brand through social media to attract potential candidates, retain recruits, and limit turnover. To achieve this research objective, a multiple case study was carried out with managers from four customer relation centers through semi-structured interviews. The findings highlight the existence of digital ambassadorship and e-reputation oversight practices. Finally, this chapter also provides some managerial recommendations and future research directions.
The Digital Edge for M-Commerce to Replace E-Commerce
Authors: Taneja Bhavna
Published: March 2021

The digital trend for m-commerce has accelerated in recent years. M-commerce, which is referred to mobile commerce, is e-commerce delivered through handheld mobile devices. Mobile devices allow people and businesses to stay in touch around the clock. People are using their smartphones for the purpose of gaming, downloading videos and songs, watching television, doing video conferencing, and conducting other entertainment activities. The longer battery life, faster data processing capabilities, better screen resolution, connectivity, ubiquitous nature of the internet, personalization of customer behaviour and customer location, user-friendly software interfaces, mobile digital payment systems have led to increased acceptance of m-commerce. Mobile commerce faces complicated challenges such as small screen-size, limited memory, network issues, infrastructure, language, security issues of authenticity, confidentiality, and privacy. Digital biometrics will help increase the security of the phones and prevent any kind of data theft or fraud.
Testing Exchangeability With Martingale for Change-Point Detection
Authors: Dai Liang , Bouguelia Mohamed-Rafik
Published: March 2021

This work proposes a new exchangeability test for a random sequence through a martingale-based approach. Its main contributions include 1) an additive martingale which is more amenable for designing exchangeability tests by exploiting the Hoeffding-Azuma lemma and 2) different betting functions for constructing the additive martingale. By choosing the underlying probability density function of p-values as a betting function, it can be shown that, when a change-point appears, a satisfying trade-off between the smoothness and expected one-step increment of the martingale sequence can be obtained. An online algorithm based on beta distribution parametrization for constructing this betting function is discussed in detail as well.
Multi-Step Clustering Approach of Myelinated Nerve Fibers in Experimental Neuromorphology
Authors: Kotyk Taras , Tokaruk Nadiya , Bedej Viktoria , Hryshchuk Mariia , Popadynets Oksana , Kolinko Yaroslav , Tavares João Manuel R. S.
Published: March 2021

One of the unresolved issues in experimental neuromorphology is searching for a solution for myelinated nerve fibers clustering on set of morphometric parameters. Therefore, in this article, a new approach for cluster analysis of myelinated fibers is proposed based on their morpho-functional features. The proposed clustering approach was developed in R software environment and uses model-based clustering, which is performed in few steps with increasing number of morphometric parameters on each next step. Applying the proposed clustering solution shown high similarity of identified groups' morphometric parameters with respective physiological types of myelinated A-fibers. This fact, in addition to the algorithm implementation simplicity, facilitates its use on identifying clusters of myelinated fibers that represent different myelinated fibers subpopulation in experimental neuromorphological research with high level of reliability.
Detection and Classification of Leukocytes in Blood Smear Images
Authors: Tali Renuka Veerappa , Borra Surekha , Mahmud Mufti
Published: March 2021

Manual analysis of microscopic blood smears by highly expert pathologists is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and is subject to inter-observer variations. Recent innovations in image processing and computer vision techniques have improvised digital pathology in terms of objectivity and reproducibility. Traditional computer vision-based methods of recognition of white blood cell (WBC) from a pathological blood smear image includes the process of detection, segmentation, and classification. This paper presents a review of state-of-the-art detection, segmentation, and classification techniques for white blood cell analysis. The goal of this work is to present an introduction to the field, provide enough information about the analysis methods developed so far, and to be an appropriate reference for the researchers looking forward in this field. The methods under review are classified into intensity and feature based. The crucial steps involved in these techniques, mathematical foresights, performance evaluation techniques, issues, and future directions are discussed.
An Approach to Recognize Handwritten Hindi Characters Using Substantial Zernike Moments With Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Indian Ajay , Bhatia Karamjit
Published: March 2021

A technique to recognize off-line handwritten Hindi character is suggested by employing Zernike complex moments like a tool to describe the characteristics of a character. Further, an algorithm for selecting the features is employed to identify the substantial image moments from the extracted moments, as the extracted moments may have some insignificant ones. Insignificant moments can increase the computational time and can also degrade the classification accuracy. Thus, the objectives of the study are twofold: (1) to find the important Zernike moments by employing the Genetic algorithm (GA) and (2) the classification of each character is performed using neural network. This way, the performance of the proposed technique is evaluated on two parameters (i.e., speed and recognition accuracy). Further, the efficacy of GA for selecting the moment features is assessed, and the efficacy of selected Zernike complex moments using GA is analyzed for handwritten Hindi characters. Here, the authors used a resilient backpropagation learning algorithm (RPROP) as a classification model.
Optimal Pathways for Technology Integration Towards Blended Learning
Authors: Swanson Michael , Kuruvilla Abey , Kapala Sebastian
Published: March 2021

This case study offers an information technology perspective of a school's transition from a traditional learning environment to a blended learning environment in a non-traditional setting. The blended learning environment changes how a school utilizes technology and aligns the school goals to meet all students' individual needs. Specifically, the paper focuses on the technology integration pathways taken by this non-traditional school. It discusses the process of strategic planning, network infrastructure evaluation, implementation, and results.
A Novel Performance Evaluation of Resourceful Energy Saving Protocols of Heterogeneous WSN to Maximize Network Stability and Lifetime
Authors: Ghosh Ramkrishna , Mohanty Suneeta , Pattnaik Prasant Kumar , Pramanik Sabyasachi
Published: March 2021

The wireless sensor network (WSN) is a swiftly growing technological knowledge stage with noteworthy and dynamic implementations in various fields. Due to minute battery power in WSNs, power utilization in WSN is a foremost problem. In this paper, the authors have compared resourceful power consumption protocols using different variants of SEP protocols. The simulation results demonstrate that out of variants of SEP, ZSEP performs better among all these protocols in relation to stability, life span, and throughput of the sensor network fairly.
White Blood Cells Segmentation and Classification Using Swarm Optimization Algorithms and Multilayer Perceptron
Authors: Tarek Shahd , Ebied Hala M. , Hassanien Aboul Ella , Tolba Mohamed F.
Published: March 2021

This study proposes a segmentation and classification system for early detection of blood disease; the proposed system consists of three phases. The first phase is segmenting white blood cells using multi-level thresholding optimized by the butterfly optimization algorithm to select the optimal threshold value to increase the accuracy. The second phase is extracting geometric and shape features of the segmented cells. The third phase is using the gray wolf optimizer to adopt the weights and biases of the multilayer perceptron to enhance the accuracy of classification between normal and leukemia cells, classify the normal cells to their five categories, and classify the leukemia to their four categories. The proposed system applies to different data sets (ALL-IDB2, LISC, and ASH-Image bank) and overcomes the segmentation and classification problems of microscopic images and shows an outstanding segmentation result, 98.02%; and the average classification accuracy between normal and leukemia cells is 98.58%, between white blood cell categories is 98.9%, and between leukemia types is 98.93%.
Multi-Objective Big Data View Materialization Using NSGA-II
Authors: Kumar Akshay , Vijay Kumar T. V.
Published: March 2021

Big data views, in the context of distributed file system (DFS), are defined over structured, semi-structured and unstructured data that are voluminous in nature with the purpose to reduce the response time of queries over Big data. As the size of semi-structured and unstructured data in Big data is very large compared to structured data, a framework based on query attributes on Big data can be used to identify Big data views. Materializing Big data views can enhance the query response time and facilitate efficient distribution of data over the DFS based application. Given all the Big data views cannot be materialized, therefore, a subset of Big data views should be selected for materialization. The purpose of view selection for materialization is to improve query response time subject to resource constraints. The Big data view materialization problem was defined as a bi-objective problem with the two objectives- minimization of query evaluation cost and minimization of the update processing cost, with a constraint on the total size of the materialized views. This problem is addressed in this paper using multi-objective genetic algorithm NSGA-II. The experimental results show that proposed NSGA-II based Big data view selection algorithm is able to select reasonably good quality views for materialization.
The Role of Social Media in the Diffusion of E-Government and E-Commerce
Authors: Adam Ibrahim Osman , Alhassan Muftawu Dzang
Published: March 2021

This study attempts to empirically examine the role of social media use on the diffusion of e-government and e-commerce. This study departs from previous studies that have investigated social media effects on e-government and e-commerce as silo phenomena without examining the mediating role of other national-level factors. Using data drawn from archival sources for 135 countries for 2016, the study, through a model built on the technology-organization-environment framework, examines the mediating role of other national-level factors by employing partial least squares structural equation modelling. The findings provide evidence that social media use significantly influences the development of e-government and the diffusion of e-commerce globally. However, the mediating role of the political and regulatory environment was found not to be influential. Some implications of the study for research and practice are provided.
Artificial Intelligence Based System
Authors: Sharma Anupam , Kaur Jasleen
Published: March 2021

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) has evolved considerably in the last 60 years. While there are now many AI applications that have been deployed in high-income country contexts, use of AI in resource-poor settings remains relatively nascent. With a few notable exceptions, there are limited examples of AI being used in such settings. However, there are signs that this is changing. Several high-profile meetings have been convened in recent years to discuss the development and deployment of AI applications to reduce poverty and deliver a broad range of critical public services. The authors provide a general overview of AI and how it can be used to improve global health outcomes in resource-poor settings. They also describe some of the current ethical debates around patient safety and privacy. The research paper specifically highlights the challenges related to women menstrual hygiene and suggests AI technology for improving the menstrual hygiene and healthcare services in resource-poor settings for women. Many health system hurdles in such settings could be overcome with the use of AI and other complementary emerging technologies. Further research and investments in the development of AI tools tailored to resource-poor settings will accelerate the realization of the full potential of AI for improving global health in resource-poor contexts.
Canada's Population Density
Authors:   Natural Resources Canada
Published: March 2021

Contained within the Atlas of Canada Poster Map Series, is a poster showing population density across Canada. There is a relief base to the map on top of which is shown all populated areas of Canada where the population density is great than 0.4 persons per
square kilometer. This area is then divided into five colour classes of population density based on Statistics Canada's census divisions.
The Circumpolar North
Authors:   Natural Resources Canada
Published: March 2021

Contained within the Atlas of Canada Poster Map Series, is a poster which has been adapted from The Atlas of Canada's Northern Circumpolar Region map, MCR0001. It also contains a Modis satellite image showing the same northern area as the map (composite from July
to September 2007) produced by the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, Natural Resources Canada. This bilingual poster-map has detailed coverage of all parts of the world north of approximately 55 degrees. National capital cities are displayed along with other cities, towns, villages and hamlets; all
have been updated to 2008. Some seasonally populated places are also shown. A number of significant northern features can be found such as the minimum permanent polar sea ice extent for 1972 to 2007, tree line, undersea relief and undersea feature names, land relief, historical surveyed locations of
the Magnetic North Pole from 1831 to 2007 and updated glaciers, ice fields and coastal ice shelves. The undersea relief is the most up-to-date from t
Full Details of Canada
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing the coastline, boundaries and major lakes and rivers for Canada and nearby countries, and, for Canada, capitals, populated places, and the graticule. Many of these features are named.
Lakes and Rivers of Canada
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing the coastline, boundaries and major lakes and rivers for Canada and nearby countries.
Alberta
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing the boundary and the major lakes and rivers of Alberta.
Prairie Provinces with Names
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing the boundaries, coastline, and major lakes and rivers of the Prairie provinces with the names for major political and geographical features.
North America
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing North America in the Lambert Zenithal Equal-Area Projection centred at 45° North and 95° West.
Nunavut
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing the boundary, coastline and major lakes and rivers of Nunavut.
Newfoundland and Labrador
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing the boundary, coastline and major lakes and rivers of Newfoundland and Labrador.
Coastline, Boundaries and Names of Canada
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing the coastline and boundaries of Canada with names for the provinces and territories.
Adjacent Regions of Canada
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing the coastline and boundaries for Canada and nearby countries.
Ontario with Names
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing the boundary, coastline, and major lakes and rivers of Ontario with the names for major political and geographical features.
Ontario Relief
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

A relief map of Ontario showing elevation by hypsometric tints (a gradation of different colours), and spot elevations. Major lakes are also shown. Elevation ranges are included in the map legend. The elevation data were derived from the map Canada-Relief, Fifth
Edition, National Atlas of Canada published in 1986.
Newfoundland and Labrador Relief
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

A relief map of Newfoundland and Labrador showing elevation by hypsometric tints (a gradation of different colours), and spot elevations. Major lakes are also shown. Elevation ranges are included in the map legend. The elevation data were derived from the map
Canada-Relief, Fifth Edition, National Atlas of Canada published in 1986.
Nunavut Relief
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

A relief map of Nunavut showing elevation by hypsometric tints (a gradation of different colours), and spot elevations. Major lakes are also shown. Elevation ranges are included in the map legend. The elevation data were derived from the map Canada-Relief, Fifth
Edition, National Atlas of Canada published in 1986.
Standard Time Zones
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

A map showing Canada's six time zones as legislated and as observed; also gives internationally accepted names and designators.
British Columbia
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

A political map of British Columbia showing boundaries, the provincial capital, selected populated places with names, selected drainage with names and selected roads.
Prince Edward Island
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

A political map of Prince Edward Island showing boundaries, the provincial capital, selected populated places with names, selected drainage with names and selected roads.
The Territories
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

A political map of the northern territories showing boundaries, the territorial capitals, selected populated places with names, selected drainage with names and selected roads.
Council of Europe (CoE)
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

This world map shows the member and observer countries of the Council of Europe.
Europe
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

This political map of Europe shows national boundaries, country names and oceans.
Median Total Income, 2000
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

The map shows the median total income for the census divisions where the population density is greater or equal to 0.4 persons per square kilometre. The median total income of persons 15 years of age and over with income was $22 120 in 2000. The median income is
the amount which divides income size distribution into two halves, where the incomes of the first half are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Total income is income accrued from earnings, government transfer payments and other income. An inset map shows an
enlargement of the Windsor-Québec.
Land Cover
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

The map is based on satellite data obtained from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometre (AVHRR) on board the NOAA-14 satellite. Each land cover type can be identified by its unique spectral signature. Each signature is identified by a particular colour on
the map. The land cover classes shown on the map are: coniferous forest, broadleaf forest, mixed forest, transition treed shrubland, wetland-shrubland, grassland, tundra, cropland and snow-ice. In addition, four examples of these types of land cover are shown in photographic images: snow-ice,
coniferous forest, broadleaf forest and cropland. Included on the map are photographs of four of the major classes: a glacier (snow-ice), a coniferous forest, a broadleaf forest and cropland.
Satellite Image
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

The satellite image of Canada is a composite of several individual satellite images form the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometre (AVHRR) sensor on board various NOAA Satellites. The colours reflect differences in the density of vegetation cover: bright green
for dense vegetation in humid southern regions; yellow for semi-arid and for mountainous regions; brown for the north where vegetation cover is very sparse; and white for snow and ice. An inset map shows a satellite image mosaic of North America with 35 land cover classes, based on data from the
SPOT satellite VGT (vegetation) sensor.
United States of America
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

This political map of United States of America shows state and national boundaries, state names and other features.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Newfoundland and Labrador
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Newfoundland and Labrador. Tactile map scale. 3.2 centimetres = 200 kilometres North arrow pointing to the top of the page. Borders of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, shown as solid lines. The Labrador Sea shown with a wavy symbol to
indicate water. A circle and the city name to show the location of Happy Valley-Goose Bay and Gander. A filled star and the city name to show the location of St John's. Text labels for the Labrador Sea. The abbreviation "QC" to indicate the province of Quebec. The abbreviation "NB" to indicate the
province of New Brunswick. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of
Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help
visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new
destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Ontario
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Ontario. Tactile map scale. 2.1 centimetres = 200 kilometres North arrow pointing to the top of the page. Borders of the province of Ontario, shown as dashed and solid lines. The Great Lakes and part of Hudson Bay, shown with a wavy symbol to
indicate water. A circle and the city name to show the location of Thunder Bay and Windsor. A filled star and the abbreviation "TO" to show the location of Toronto. An unfilled star and the city name to show the location of Ottawa. Text labels for Hudson Bay, James Bay, Lake Superior, Lake Michigan,
Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and the abbreviation LO to indicate Lake Ontario. The word lake is abbreviated as L. The abbreviation "MB" to indicate the province of Manitoba. The abbreviation "QC" to indicate the province of Quebec. The abbreviation "USA" to indicate the neighbouring country, the United
States of America. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada
(maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually
impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in
Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Cowichan Valley
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Cowichan Valley. Tactile map scale. 1.8 centimetres = 10 kilometres North arrow. Region includes Nanaimo, Cowichan Lake, Duncan, Sydney. Trans-Canada Highway, route 1 and route 18. Airport in Nanaimo. Bus Terminals. Bodies of water, Strait of
Georgia. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of
the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired
persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada,
showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Vancouver-Chinatown
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Vancouver-Chinatown. Tactile map scale. 2.0 centimetres = 100 metres North arrow pointing to the north. The Chinatown area is bordered on the south by False Creek, which is symbolized with a wavy symbol to indicate water. The points of interest
in the downtown area of Vancouver around Chinatown are labelled with type and Braille expanded in the PDF file. Main streets are coded with type and Braille expanded in the PDF file. Secondary streets are not labelled. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for
visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major
cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about
streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown
area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Vancouver
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Vancouver. Tactile map scale. 2.2 centimetres = 250 metres North arrow pointing to the north. The downtown area is bordered by Burrard Inlet/Vancouver Harbour to the northeast and False Creek to the southeast Vancouver downtown detail is coded
with type and Braille expanded in the PDF file. Main streets are coded with type and Braille expanded in the PDF file. Secondary streets are not labelled. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada
collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing
climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the
downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Brandon
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Brandon. Tactile map scale. 2 centimetres = 3 kilometres North arrow pointing to the north. Brandon and surrounding area. Main roads, Route 1 and Route 10. A circle with a dot in the middle indicates a bus terminal at the northern edge of the
city. A circle with the shape of an airplane in it indicates Brandon Municipal Airport to the north of the city. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education:
tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types,
physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for
Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, St John's
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is St John's. Tactile map scale. 2 centimetres = 100 metres North arrow pointing to the north. St John's downtown detail. Main streets. Secondary streets. St John's Harbour. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for
visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major
cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about
streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown
area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Halifax
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Halifax. Tactile map scale. 2.0 centimetres = 100 metres North arrow pointing to the north. Halifax downtown detail is coded with type and Braille expanded in the PDF file. Main streets are coded with type and Braille expanded in the PDF file.
Secondary streets are not labelled. Halifax Harbour is located on the east side of the map shown with a wavy symbol to indicate water. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes:
(a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief,
forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c)
Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Halifax
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Halifax. Tactile map scale. 2 centimetres = 3 kilometres North arrow pointing to the north. Halifax and surrounding area. Main roads, routes 101, 118, 102, 7, and 103. Airport. Bus station. Train terminal. Halifax Harbour. Tactile maps are
designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and
territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate
spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get
to a city, and streets in the downtown area.