bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monumental German Faust Editions in International Circulation and Multimedia Modernity
Authors: Stead Evanghelia
Published: November 2020

The article (developing a paper presented at 2010 SHARP international conference) investigates the ways grand Faust editions from the 1850s and 1870s make sense as equivocal cultural objects migrating within and beyond Germany. Scholars have focused on these imposing tomes to herald the play as expression of a nation-centred claim, with Faust as heroic myth. This interpretation relied on costly plates and external characteristics for principal evidence. This article instead draws attention to circulation, transformations and fuller readings of these items, combining first-hand research in many collections. On the one hand, it looks into the editorial versions as adjustable to different audiences and cultures, using editorial data, reception evidence, and image analysis. On the other, it shows how fuller readings of a tome, based on material, symbolic and archival evidence, tell two different stories. This study of a text’s print apparel and circulation, at odds with its significance as a national myth, has implications well beyond this singular work.
Islamic Law, Unitary State Law, and Communal Law: Divorce and Remarriage in Egypt’s Coptic Community
Authors: Scott Rachel M.
Published: November 2020

Egypt’s Coptic community is currently appealing to different legal jurisdictions in the struggle over divorce and remarriage. While the Coptic Orthodox Church is claiming the right, based on Islamic law, to apply its own communal law for marriage, others are calling on the church to reinterpret the biblical texts regarding divorce. Still other Copts are appealing to the constitution and to unitary state law to override a communal approach to personal status law. The case of divorce and remarriage in Egypt illustrates the ways in which Christian communal law, unitary state law, and Islamic law do not exist as a priori concepts but are in the process of continual negotiation with one another. In examining these negotiations, this article sheds light on one of the most important legal conundrums currently facing the relationship between the Coptic community and the state in Egypt.
Navigating the Biblical Mandate: Discursive Change and Adaptation in the International Christian Embassy in Jerusalem
Authors: Engberg Aron
Published: November 2020

Since its inception in 1980, the International Christian Embassy Jerusalem (ICEJ) has developed into a central player in the formation of Christian Zionism globally. It is known through its high profile in Israeli society, its financial, moral and political support for the State of Israel and its controversial mix of theology and politics. This article focuses on ICEJ’s ideological and theological negotiation in relation to Israeli society. It argues that even though ICEJ’s self-understanding is based on what it claims to be “eternal, biblical mandates” and its political positions have been largely consistent over time, ICEJ’s theology, rhetoric and social positions have changed quite significantly. The article interprets this duality as a case of “flexible absolutism”, a capacity to ideologically frame diverse positions as eternal absolutes. Recognizing this tension is important in order to successfully disentangle the organization’s rhetoric from its broader ideological aims.
From the Margins of the Colophon: Arab Orthodox Monasticism in Ruins
Authors: Eldridge Aaron Frederick
Published: November 2020

This article, drawn from two years of ethnographic fieldwork, traces the temporal articulations of Orthodox Christian monasticism in post-war Lebanon. It recounts one Lebanese monastery’s reinhabitation—founded on the uncanny return of its martyred saints—as evidence of monastic life’s constitutive intimacy with ruination. The article subsequently explores the grammars of temporal delimitation (the juridical and territorial apparatuses of state land tenure as well as the archival trace of historiography) and argues that these approaches disable the possibility of accounting for such a return in ruins. Offering the Orthodox tradition’s language of ascetical dispossession as an analytic counterpoint, the article takes up the monastic language of renunciatory withdrawal. The temporality of this withdrawal, in its protological and its eschatological marginalization, brings into relief a form of time that presses upon the limits of historiography.
Performing (for) Populist Politics
Authors: Abdelmoez Joel W.
Published: November 2020

In July 2013, after months of protest, Egypt’s first democratically elected president, Mohammed Morsi, was ousted by the Egyptian armed forces. The Muslim Brotherhood, who supported Morsi, took to the streets, chanting and singing against the ousting, which they termed a military coup, while supporters of Sisi, who viewed it as a revolution, began producing songs to show their allegiance to the military leadership. While abundant research has been conducted on the role of oppositional and revolutionary music in Egypt since 2011, relatively little has been done on the widely popular pro-military music sometimes known as watani music. Watani songs are a genre of patriotic music made by popular artists to show their allegiance to the Egyptian armed forces. In this paper I examine the surge of watani songs and trace their history back to the Nasser era, thereby showing a continuity in style as well as content. I further argue that there are connections between nationalism and gender constructions, as the national project comes with obligations for men to offer their bodies to the cause. This obligation is aided by constructions about ‘male bravery’ and ‘courage’ that are designed to make men believe that military service is somehow essential to masculinity. Watani music, whether commissioned or not, fits well with this mythology of military men. It forms an ideological undercurrent, supports the narrative that it is necessary for patriotic military men to bravely safeguard the nation against its enemies.
Complex Verb Constructions in Old Dutch
Authors: Coussé Evie
Published: November 2020

This article presents a corpus study of complex verb constructions in Old Dutch. A systematic search of the Old Dutch Corpus uncovers a set of fifteen complex verb constructions which all stack two auxiliaries (one finite and one nonfinite) on top of a main verb. The oldest and most frequent complex verb construction in the corpus is a future passive construction combining finite sullan ‘shall’ with nonfinite werthan ‘be’ and a past participle. The article discusses all fifteen complex verb constructions in detail and sketches the wider linguistic context in which they are found.
A Case for Classical Compatibilism
Authors: Repko Waller Robyn
Published: November 2020

In this article the author makes the case for a hybrid sourcehood–leeway compatibilist account of free will. To do so, she draws upon Lehrer’s writing on free will, including his preference-based compatibilist account and Frankfurt-style cases from the perspective of the cognizant agent. The author explores what distinguishes kinds of intentional influence in manipulation cases and applies this distinction to a new perspectival variant of Frankfurt cases, those from the perspective of the counterfactual intervenor. She argues that it matters what kind of intentional influence is at issue in the counterfactual intervention and, further, that our judgments about desert of praise (and blame) are affected by occupying the POV of the counterfactual intervenor. The author concludes that such attention to perspectival variants of Frankfurt cases supports the view that compatibilist sourcehood accounts of moral responsibility require an additional compatibilist could-have-done-otherwise condition to capture a more robust sense of moral responsibility.
Three Versions of Physical Closure
Authors: Zhong Lei
Published: November 2020

The Exclusion Argument has been regarded as the most powerful challenge to non-reductive physicalism. This argument presupposes a crucial thesis, Causal Closure of the Physical, which asserts that every physical effect has a sufficient physical cause. Although this thesis is widely accepted in contemporary philosophy of mind, philosophers say surprisingly little about what notion of physical entities should be adopted in the context. In this article, the author distinguishes between three versions of Closure that appeal to a narrow, a moderate, and a wide notion of the physical, respectively. The author then argues that none of the three versions can challenge non-reductive physicalism.
Observations from the playground: Common problems and potential solutions for school-based recess
Authors: Massey William V , Perez Deanna , Neilson Laura , Thalken Janelle , Szarabajko Alex
Published: November 2020

Objective:

This study aimed to examine some common problems observed during school recess and translate findings to evidence-based, practical solutions that can be applied within schools on a more systematic level.

Design:

Observational study.

Setting:

Elementary schools in the USA.

Method:

Data were collected from 112 school recess periods at 25 public elementary schools in three distinct geographical regions of the USA (Midwest, Northwest, Southwest). The Great Recess Framework–Observational Tool (GRF-OT) guided observations and field notes. The GRF-OT measures safety and structure, student behaviour, adult supervision and engagement, transitions, and physical activity. Following data collection, inductive and deductive content analysis examined patterns in the data.

Results:

Analyses revealed how poorly designed and inadequately maintained schoolyard spaces contribute to common safety issues. A combination of insufficient play space planning and maintenance, lack of play equipment and game availability, and limited adult involvement in the schoolyard reinforced social hierarchies, leading to exclusionary practices. While recess is often deemed a child-led portion of the school-day, results highlighted the important role that adults play in recess.

Conclusion:

The following evidence-based solutions should be considered by school administrators and policy makers to mitigate problems observed during recess: (1) assess the schoolyard landscape, (2) assess patterns of play, (3) plan an intentional recess and (4) address the social climate. A high-quality recess promotes equitable access to play opportunities.
On-line measurement method of transmission backlash based on angular velocity and double-end angular position information
Authors: Li Ming , Liang Ruirui , Zhang Yanshun , Peng Chuang , Mu Dong , Wan Zhen
Published: November 2020

Backlash is the inherent characteristic of gear transmission system. It is an important mean to measure and compensate backlash to improve transmission performance. When the driving gear reverses, due to the existence of backlash, the driven gear will still keep its original steering due to inertial motion until the driven gear collision with the driving gear. In this paper, based on the analysis of the tooth gap of the driving gear and the driven gear, an on-line measurement method of the meshing tooth gap combining the angular velocity of the load end with the information of the Angle position of the two axes of the master-slave gear is presented. This method uses the gyroscope at the load end (driven wheel) to monitor the sudden change of angular velocity at the moment of gear reverse impact and re contact, and the signal is used as the judgment basis for the reverse contact moment of the driving gear and driven gear. Then, the angular position data of driving gear and driven gear are fused at the time of reverse rotation and contact impact, and the backlash of the gear is calculated online. Finally, setting up an experimental platform for measuring backlash, and the proposed method is verified. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve accurate backlash measurement.
Investigation of the mechanical and flame retardant properties of carbon fiber modified phenolic epoxy resin
Authors: Chai Guoqiang , Zhu Guoqing , Wang Yang , Wang Zhan , Chu Tianwei , Zhou Ying
Published: November 2020

Epoxy resin and carbon fiber were used as the reinforcement to modify phenolic resin. Phenolic epoxy resin was prepared by physical blending, and carbon fiber was introduced into the resin matrix, and meanwhile the curing agent was added. The flame retardancy and thermal stability of the samples were evaluated, and the mechanical performance of the samples was characterized to investigate the overall performance. The flame retardancy of phenolic epoxy resin decreased slightly with epoxy resin of 5 wt%. The oxygen index was decreased by 6.3%, the ignition time was shortened by 66 s, and the peak heat release rate was increased by 8.9%. The tensile strength and elastic modulus were increased by 46% and 26.1%, respectively. The flame retardant and mechanical properties of phenolic epoxy resin were improved the most with short carbon fiber of 0.5 wt%. The oxygen index was increased by 4.6%, the ignition time was delayed by 35 s, the peak heat release rate was reduced by 18.9%, the carbon residue rate at 800℃ was increased by 60.4%, the apparent activation energy was increased by 11.3%, and the tensile strength and elastic modulus were improved by 90.4% and 87.9%, respectively.
Enhanced mechanical performance of biocompatible silk fibroin films through mesoscopic construction of hierarchical structures
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Wu Ronghui , Patil Aniruddha , Ma Liyun , Yu Rui , Dong Yu Wei , Yang Liu Xiang
Published: November 2020

Silk fibroin (SF) material receives a great deal of attention in the biomedical field for its extensive mechanical performance and applications due to its singular structure/properties and applications, especially hierarchical structure. Here, we blended polyethylene glycol (PEG) into SF solutions that reconstruct the hierarchical micro structure of SF. The effect of PEG on the SF gelation process was in situ observed through rheological measurement and optical density changes. The structural change of SF/PEG blended films with different concentrations and their effects on the mechanical performance were investigated. The results indicated that with increasing PEG content, the β-sheet content of the films increased with the α-helix declining, which enables a composite film with a fracture strain exceeding 300%, Young's modulus exceeding 200 MPa and a fracture strength exceeding 20 MPa. The culture of MC-3T3 proves that the film is beneficial for cell proliferation and adhesion. By constructing the mesoscopic structure of SF, the plasticized silk materials provide great options for biodegradable and flexible protein-based materials.
An enhanced quantum-inspired gravitational search algorithm for color prediction based on the absorption spectrum
Authors: Gao Zehai , Zhang Yan , Zhou Shisheng , Lyu Wei
Published: November 2020

Spot color is widely applied to printing and packing in modern industry, which can satisfy the individualization requirements and express the emotion of products. Color prediction is the core technique for spot color restoration. In this paper, a method that combines the least squares method and gravitation search algorithm is proposed to address the color prediction by using the absorption spectrum. Firstly, the spectral transmittance of the thin film with high transmission and low reflectance characteristics is researched to find the absorbance. Secondly, the least squares method is used to ascertain the primary colors of the spot color. Thirdly, an enhanced quantum gravitation search algorithm is designed to predict the spot color. The predicted results on the 30 spot colors show that the proposed method has higher accuracy in comparison with the three existed methods. The color differences between the prepared spot colors and the reproduced spot colors are all less than 3, in which 75% of the color differences are less 1 and 35% of the color differences are less 0.1. All the results confirm that the proposed method can predict the spot color accurately.
Anaesthesia practices for Caesarean section amongst non-physician anaesthesia providers at an Ethiopian referral hospital
Authors: White Victoria Emma , Asfaw Gebrehiwot , Moore Jolene Nina
Published: November 2020

Sub-Saharan Africa faces high rates of maternal mortality and there is an urgent need to reduce this. Shortfalls in access to safe surgery and anaesthetic care result in avoidable maternal death. Providing quality training to anaesthesia providers is of key importance to reduce mortality. This mixed-methods prospective study incorporated workplace observations of anaesthesia for Caesarean section, a paper-based questionnaire and semi-structured, face-to-face interviews in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital in Ethiopia.

A total of 67 Caesarean section cases under spinal anaesthesia provided by 12 non-physician anaesthetists were observed and a 92% ( n = 11) response rate to questionnaires obtained. Deficiencies were observed in communication, pre-operative assessment, spinal height evaluation and application of lateral tilt, while interviews revealed anaesthesia provider perceptions of hierarchy within the surgical team and deficiency in anticipation of potential complications. This study suggests that focusing on communication and anticipation of complications could aid providers in preventing and preparing for complications.
Criminal History and Adverse Childhood Experiences in Relation to Recidivism and Social Functioning in Multi-problem Young Adults
Authors: Van Duin Laura , De Vries Robbé Michiel , Marhe Reshmi , Bevaart Floor , Zijlmans Josjan , Luijks Marie-Jolette A. , Doreleijers Theo A. H. , Popma Arne
Published: November 2020

This study examines the relationship between criminal history and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and how they collectively predict (a) recidivism and (b) positive social functioning among multi-problem young adults. Criminal records and self-report data regarding ACEs and adult education/employment and quality of life (QoL) were collected for 692 multiproblem young adults (18–27 years). Results indicated that an extensive criminal history was related to non-violent and violent recidivism and lack of involvement in education/employment in young adulthood. On the contrary, a higher number of ACEs was related to lower QoL later in life, while this was not associated with recidivism or education/employment. These findings highlight again that past criminal behavior is a strong predictor of future criminality, particularly within this group of young adults with multiple problems. Furthermore, experiencing negative events in childhood shows to have long-term negative effects on QoL even for these individuals who already experience multiple life problems. Implications are discussed.
A Review of Developing Communication Skills for Students with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities on College Campuses
Authors: Pennington Robert C. , Bross Leslie Ann , Mazzotti Valerie L. , Spooner Fred , Harris Ryan
Published: November 2020

In the current investigation, we reviewed the literature on communication interventions for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) on college campuses. Eight studies met our inclusion criteria. Data were extracted related to participant demographics (e.g., disability, response form, type of postsecondary program) and study variables (e.g., design, settings, intervention). We evaluated the methodological quality of each study using the National Technical Assistance Center on Transition’s Quality Indicator Checklist for single-case design studies. Results indicated a dearth of literature in this critical area and that extant literature reflected a primary research emphasis on the use of multi-component packages to teach communication skills to students with mild or no intellectual disability. Limitations and implications for research and practice for transition professionals and university campus providers are discussed.
Dynamic managerial capabilities in micro-enterprises: Stability, vulnerability and the role of managerial time allocation
Authors: Kevill Alex , Trehan Kiran , Harrington Shelley , Kars-Unluoglu Selen
Published: November 2020

This article analyses how dynamic capabilities are enacted in micro-enterprises and what role different parties and managerial time allocation play in this enactment. Drawing upon three in-depth case studies of micro-enterprises, we make three theoretical contributions. First, after arguing that micro-enterprises are likely to enact individual- or group-level dynamic managerial capabilities rather than organisation-level dynamic capabilities, we counter Teece’s warnings about the vulnerable nature of dynamic managerial capabilities. Second, we identify that how managers allocate their own time, is a core micro-foundation of dynamic managerial capabilities; we illustrate that failure to allocate time to capability enactment can lead to capability vulnerability. Finally, we introduce the notion of ‘self-damaging dynamic managerial capabilities’ – these being capabilities that damage established micro-foundations.
Wind power generation forecast by coupling numerical weather prediction model and gradient boosting machines in Yahyalı wind power plant
Authors: Özen Cem , Dinç Umur , Deniz Ali , Karan Haldun
Published: November 2020

Forecasting of the wind speed and power generation for a wind farm has always been quite challenging and has importance in terms of balancing the electricity grid and preventing energy imbalance penalties. This study focuses on creating a hybrid model that uses both numerical weather prediction model and gradient boosting machines (GBM) for wind power generation forecast. Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with a low spatial resolution is used to increase temporal resolutions of the computed new or existing variables whereas GBM is used for downscaling purposes. The results of the hybrid model have been compared with the outputs of a stand-alone WRF which is well configured in terms of physical schemes and has a high spatial resolution for Yahyalı wind farm over a complex terrain located in Turkey. Consequently, the superiority of the hybrid model in terms of both performance indicators and computational expense in detail is shown.
Neurovascular contact plays no role in trigeminal neuralgia secondary to multiple sclerosis
Authors: Noory Navid , Smilkov Emil Andonov , Frederiksen Jette Lautrup , Heinskou Tone Bruvik , Andersen Anne Sofie Schott , Bendtsen Lars , Maarbjerg Stine
Published: November 2020

Introduction

A demyelinating plaque and neurovascular contact with morphological changes have both been suggested to contribute to the etiology of trigeminal neuralgia secondary to multiple sclerosis (TN-MS). The aim of this study was to confirm or refute whether neurovascular contact with morphological changes is involved in the etiology of TN-MS.

Methods

We prospectively enrolled consecutive TN-MS patients from the Danish Headache Center. Clinical characteristics were collected systematically. MRI scans were done using a 3.0 Tesla imager and were evaluated by the same experienced blinded neuroradiologist.

Results

Sixty-three patients were included. Fifty-four patients were included in the MRI analysis. There was a low prevalence of neurovascular contact with morphological changes on both the symptomatic side (6 (14%)) and the asymptomatic side (4 (9%)), p = 0.157. Demyelinating brainstem plaques along the trigeminal afferents were more prevalent on the symptomatic side compared to the asymptomatic side (31 (58%) vs. 12 (22%), p < 0.001). A demyelinating plaque was highly associated with the symptomatic side (odds ratio = 10.6, p = 0.002).

Conclusion

The primary cause of TN-MS is demyelination along the intrapontine trigeminal afferents. As opposed to classical trigeminal neuralgia, neurovascular contact does not play a role in the etiology of TN-MS. Microvascular decompression should generally not be offered to patients with TN-MS. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (number NCT04371575)
The Efficacy of Comprehensive School Health Course in Changing Pre-Service Teachers’ Attitudes and Reactions Toward Weight-Related Teasing
Authors: Saunders Jessica F. , Nutter Sarah , Brun Isabel , Exner-Cortens Deinera , Russell-Mayhew Shelly
Published: November 2020

Teachers view overt expressions of weight stigma, such as weight-related teasing, as troublesome but are often ill-prepared to address instances of weight-related teasing when they arise in the classroom. Comprehensive school health is an emerging framework that aims to better prepare teachers to address issues of health and wellness in the classroom, including weight-related teasing. We examined the efficacy of a university course in comprehensive school health in changing pre-service teachers’ attitudes and perceptions of weight-related teasing. Pre-service teachers read a vignette and responded to 10 items about the vignette at both the beginning and end of the semester-long course. Items relating to pre-service teachers’ perception of, responsibility and obligation to address the weight-related teasing event showed significant, positive change from the beginning to end of the semester. These results suggest that exposure to developmentally sound methods of delivering health-related content can support adaptive educator reactions to weight-related teasing.
Cyberstalking Victimization: An Empirical Assessment of RAT Among Female Iranian College Students
Authors: Kabiri Saeed , Choi Jaeyong , Shadmanfaat Seyyedeh Masoomeh (Shamila) , Lee Julak
Published: November 2020

The role of routine activity theory (RAT) as a guiding theoretical approach to understand online victimization has been well documented. However, the recent emphasis in criminology on its applicability to online victimization has largely been based on evidence from Anglo-American studies. This study fills this gap by testing the predictive utility of RAT for cyberstalking victimization, using data from a sample of female Iranian students. Our structural equation model showed that online exposure to motivated offenders, target suitability, and ineffective online guardianship were positively and significantly associated with cyberstalking victimization. Our results provide strong support for RAT, indicating its generalizability to a different sociopolitical context.
Bystander Intervention Behavior as Function of Victimization History, Opportunity, and Situational Context
Authors: Woods William C. , Kistler Tylor A. , Stuart Gregory L. , Cornelius Tara L.
Published: November 2020

Preliminary research has demonstrated the utility of bystander interventions in reducing sexual assault, and initial research has begun extending this type of intervention to intimate partner violence more broadly. However, the extant research is limited by methodological issues that fail to examine opportunity for intervention relative to intervention behaviors as well as a failure to examine intervention rates across differing risk situations. Further, there are many unexplored factors that may impact bystander intervention behavior, notably previous experiences with intimate partner violence and sexual assault. Thus, the current study examined bystander opportunities and intervention across situations of varying risk to the bystander, as well as the relationship of opportunity/intervention relative to victimization history. Given the rates of sexual assault and IPV on college and university campuses, the research examined the number of times college students ( N = 393) encountered a range of situations in which bystander intervention may be indicated, and their intervention behavior across varying risk levels to the bystander. Results demonstrated that individuals with a history of psychological victimization were more likely to intervene across all situation types, but sexual and physical victimization provided mixed support for hypotheses. No differences in witnessing or intervening were found as a function of gender. These results replicate previous findings, and further provide evidence for a more nuanced approach to examine bystander behavior intervention. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Qualitative Inquiry in the Neoliberal Public Sphere: Contesting Accountability Metrics
Authors: Zapata-Sepúlveda Pamela
Published: November 2020

Based on a critical and constructive dialogue that I articulate drawing from different authors concerned about the differentiated value that is given to academic publications at present, I reflect from the standpoint of a particular Latin American context on how we can meet the demands of governments regarding education and science, contributing to the development of our universities while complying with international and local quality standards, but without losing the sense of an academic career project aimed at generating knowledge in social sciences that can be put at the service of communities that are researched and contribute to the improvement of people’s lives.
COVID-19 and Post-intensive Care Syndrome: Community-Based Care for ICU Survivors
Authors: Smith Ellen M.T. , Lee Alan Chong W. , Smith James M. , Thiele Alecia , Zeleznik Hallie , Ohtake Patricia J.
Published: November 2020

Survivors of critical illness, including those with COVID-19, are likely to experience post-intensive care syndrome (PICS). PICS involves a constellation of physical, cognitive, and mental health problems that can occur following hospitalization in an intensive care unit (ICU). This focused review describes the impact of PICS on an individual’s function, societal participation, and family. Specific evidence-based screening tools for in-home identification of the deficits associated with PICS are recommended. Recognition of PICS through early screening by home health care providers is crucial in order to assemble the physical rehabilitation, mental health, and community resources needed to mitigate the long-term effects of COVID-19 and other critical illnesses. This review concludes with further PICS resources for community-based providers to enhance their knowledge and expertise and to prepare them for caring for COVID-19 and other critical illness survivors.
Environmental Factors Influencing Urban Homicide Clearance Rates: A Spatial Analysis of New York City
Authors: Kennedy Leslie W. , Caplan Joel M. , Piza Eric L. , Thomas Amanda L.
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we explore the conditions under which clearance rates improve by looking at the experience across New York City. Using one agency provides a control on the administrative differences that appear across other jurisdictions that have been studied, usually through cross-national analysis. Our analysis uses Risk Terrain Modeling (RTM) to identify environmental features that relate to closed versus open homicide cases using two years of New York City Police Department (NYPD) data. This analysis is supplemented with an investigation of precinct-wide social structure variables to examine how context matters in influencing closure rates.
Effect of migraine attack on pupil size, accommodation and ocular aberrations
Authors: Yildiz Merve Beyza , Yildiz Elvin , Balci Sevcan , Hasirci Bayir Buse Rahime , Çetinkaya Yılmaz
Published: November 2020

Purpose:

To evaluate the pupil size, accommodation, and ocular higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in patients with migraine during migraine attacks and compare them with interictal period and healthy controls.

Methods:

This prospective, case–control study included 48 eyes of 24 patients with migraine and 48 eyes of 24 age and sex-matched healthy controls. Measurements were performed using a Hartmann Shack aberrometer. Accommodative responses to accommodative stimulus ranging from 0 to 5 diopters (D) in increments of 0.5 D were recorded. Spherical, coma, trefoil aberration, and root mean square (RMS) of total HOAs were assessed. Patients with migraine were measured twice during the interictal phase and during migraine attack.

Results:

The mean pupil size significantly decreased during migraine attack (5.85 ± 0.19 mm) compared with the interictal phase (6.05 ± 0.19 mm) in the patients with migraine ( p = 0.012). There was a significant increase in the accommodative response to accommodative stimulus of 1.5 to 5 D during migraine attack. No significant change was observed in HOAs during migraine attack. In addition, no ictal or interictal period measurements were statistically significantly different from the controls. Comparing symptomatic and non-symptomatic sides in 17 migraine patients with unilateral headache, no significant difference was found in any of the measurements in both ictal and interictal periods.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest the presence of a subtle oculosympathetic hypofunction in patients with migraine during the ictal period compared to the interictal period. The accommodation status of the eye seems to be affected by this autonomic dysfunction.
Are think-alouds reactive? Evidence from an L2 written corrective feedback study
Authors: Suh Bo-Ram
Published: November 2020

The use of concurrent data elicitation procedures (e.g. think-alouds, eye-tracking, response time) to investigate learners’ cognitive processing and processes is becoming more prominent in research designs as researchers seek to acquire a better understanding of how second language (L2) learners process L2 data (e.g. Martin et al., 2019; Rogers, 2019; Thinglum, 2019; for more recent studies employing concurrent procedures, see Leow, 2019). At the same time, an increasing number of studies have empirically investigated the reactivity of think-aloud protocols in second language acquisition (e.g. Medina, 2019; Morgan-Short et al., 2012). While the studies that have addressed the reactivity issue have yielded mixed findings, only a few studies (e.g. Adrada-Rafael & Filgueras-Gómez, 2019; Sachs & Polio, 2007) have addressed the written mode, particularly in the context of L2 writing that incorporates feedback. As part of a larger study of written corrective feedback, the present study investigates the possible reactive effects of think-alouds during exposure to written corrective feedback, which was provided on learners’ L2 writing, on their L2 development. Fifty-nine Korean university learners of English as a foreign language, randomly assigned to either a think-aloud or to a non-think-aloud (silent control) condition, participated in the study. L2 development was measured by a written story-retelling task and a multiple-choice receptive test. Results showed that thinking aloud while processing written corrective feedback during three feedback sessions did not affect learners’ development of receptive knowledge and their ability to produce the target structure in a new piece of writing when compared to a non-think-aloud condition.
The wellbeing of language teachers in the private sector: An ecological perspective
Authors: Mercer Sarah
Published: November 2020

The teaching profession has been characterized as having high levels of stress and record rates of burnout and attrition. Language teaching is no exception to this global trend. Indeed, it could be argued that it is subject to additional specific stressors such as high intercultural and linguistic demands as well as the frequent use of energy-intense methodologies. Generally, language teacher psychology has been relatively neglected in research; however, those working in the private sector have almost exclusively been ignored. In terms of wellbeing, this is especially problematic given concerns about their working conditions. Therefore, this study takes an ecological perspective to investigating the wellbeing of teachers of English language teaching (ELT) working in the private sector in Malta. Eight volunteer teachers took part in a series of two semi-structured interviews assisted by visual prompts and journal entries. The data were analysed using a grounded Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach and presented in line with the ecological perspective. The main findings revealed how the teachers’ wellbeing is defined by the business model character of the private sector in particular in terms of working conditions and status of the ELT profession in Malta. For the teachers, this very often means precarity in terms of the job and future prospects. However, the study also revealed aspects of positivity. For example, teachers reported enjoying their teaching, positive relationships with colleagues and students, and a positive work climate, which varied across institutions. The findings suggest implications for good practice in the field and directions for further research.
Qualification for upper secondary education in individuals with autism without intellectual disability: Total population study, Stockholm, Sweden
Authors: Stark Isidora , Liao Peiwen , Magnusson Cecilia , Lundberg¹ Michael , Rai Dheeraj , Lager Anton , Idring Nordström Selma
Published: November 2020

This study used the Stockholm Youth Cohort, a total population cohort ( N = 364,957), to describe patterns and predictors of qualification for upper secondary education, defined by passing graduation grades in core compulsory school subjects in contemporary young individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders without intellectual disability ( n = 6138). At the expected age for graduation, 16 years, 29% (adjusted rate difference 95% confidence interval (28.0–30.0)) fewer autistic than non-autistic individuals were qualified for upper secondary education (57% and 86%, respectively). Comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder further increased this difference. Within the group of autistic students without intellectual disability, female sex and lower family income were associated with non-qualification for upper secondary education. The proportion of students with autism without intellectual disability who qualified for upper secondary education increased at age 20. These findings underline the need for improved support for students with a diagnosis of autism without intellectual disability in mainstream education.

Lay abstract

Obtaining a quality education is important for any individual’s chances of leading a healthy and thriving life. Currently, educational policies in many countries underscore the rights of students with autism to be educated in mainstream schools. While there is some knowledge on school outcomes among students with autism from older studies, little is known about rates of qualification for upper secondary education among children with autism in mainstream schools today. This lack of knowledge is problematic since autism is diagnosed more widely, and prior evidence may not be relevant for individuals with autism and their families today. Using Swedish registers, we therefore examined this in a study including all children and young people in Stockholm County in 2001 through 2011. We found that about two thirds of children with autism without intellectual disability qualified for upper secondary education at the expected age, in comparison with about nine in ten among typically developing peers. We also found that girls with autism had further difficulties obtaining such qualification than boys and that those who were additionally diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder were particularly at risk of non-qualification. Finally, students with autism without intellectual disability had a greater chance of completing compulsory education if given an extended period to graduate. These findings underline the need for supportive interventions for children with autism during compulsory school. They may also challenge the inclusive education policy adopted by majority of western countries, at least in the wake of addressing special needs in mainstream schooling.
Turning Bourdieu back upon sexual field theory
Authors: Ruppel Emily H
Published: November 2020

In recent years, sexual field theory has emerged as the cutting edge of the sociology of sexuality. This paper turns Bourdieu’s own formulation of field back upon sexual field theory to investigate sites where sexual field theorists break from Bourdieu and what questions these sites of divergence raise. I pinpoint two unresolved issues in sexual field theory: (1) the ambiguous boundaries of sexual fields and (2) the obfuscation of power. Both points relate to the autonomy of sexual life, which sexual field theorists may overstate. This paper recommends new lines of analysis which may advance field theory more broadly, the sociology of sexuality, and the feminist reinvention of Bourdieu.
‘Should we ask the students’ opinions first?’ Practice architectures of student participation from the perspective of teachers
Authors: Niemi Reetta , Loukomies Anni
Published: November 2020

An in-service training programme was used as an accelerator that scaffolded teachers in four school units in Lappeenranta, Finland, the aim being to find a shared understanding and shared practices, or ‘praxis’, in terms of promoting student participation. In this study we examine the practices that either supported or prevented participation from the perspective of the teachers. We also examine how the arrangements of the practice architectures – cultural-discursive, material-economic and social-political – appear in the teachers’ accounts of student participation. The data consists of 22 diamond-ranking forms made by 86 teachers, and an audio-recorded and videotaped group interview. The teachers in the school units found praxis both in the support of student participation (emphasising the students’ role in school councils and giving them a recognised role in everyday practices) and in the challenges (turning participation into pedagogical practice). The arrangements of the practice architectures were identified in the group interview.
Magneto-electro-mechanical vibration of porous functionally graded smart sandwich plates with viscoelastic core
Authors: Talebi Amanieh Hamid R , Roknizadeh S Alireza S , Reza Arash
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the vibrations of a sandwich plate with functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic (FG-MEE) face sheets and porous and viscoelastic core were investigated. Power-law rule modified by two types of porosity distributions was used to model the FG-MEE plates. The plate with even porosity distribution was considered as the FG-MEE-I model, while the one with uneven porosity distribution was labeled as the FG-MEE-II model. The normal and shear stresses were considered in the core layer, and the interlayer was modeled by the standard linear solid scheme. First-order shear deformation plate theory was used to derive the governing equation of the sandwich panel including the FG-MEE plate and viscoelastic core interaction. The governing equations were solved by the Navier method. A detailed parametric analysis was conducted to assess the effects of electric and magnetic fields, core-to-face sheet thickness ratio, and power-law index on the linear vibration characteristics of sandwich plates with functionally graded MEE face sheets. It is observed that for the FG-MEE-I model, an increase in the porosity coefficient led to a reduction in the frequency of the FG-MEE sandwich plate. On the contrary, for the FG-MEE-II model, an increment in the porosity coefficient enhanced the natural frequency.
Patient and clinician satisfaction with video consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic: an opportunity for a new way of working
Authors: Byrne Emer , Watkinson Simon
Published: November 2020

Objective:

To assess satisfaction of patients and clinicians with virtual appointments using Attend Anywhere for their orthodontic consultation and to identify any areas where the technology could be further utilised.

Design:

Service evaluation involving descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire.

Setting:

Orthodontic Departments at Royal Blackburn Teaching Hospital and Burnley General Teaching Hospital.

Participants:

Patients and clinicians involved in video consultations.

Methods:

Patient- and clinician-specific questionnaires were designed and those involved in virtual clinics were invited to complete these at the end of their consultation. The questionnaires focused on setting up and connecting to the virtual clinic, assessing if the correct types of patients were involved in the clinics and satisfaction with these types of remote consultations.

Results:

A total of 121 questionnaires (59 patient and 62 clinician) were completed. Of the patients, 93% found the instructions provided to access the consultation easy to follow and 70% of clinicians did not report any connection issues. In 90% of cases, a virtual appointment was seen to be appropriate by the clinician. Respondents showed a high level of satisfaction with 76% of patients saying a remote consultation was more convenient than face-to-face, and 66% reporting they would, if appropriate, like more appointments like this in the future.

Conclusion:

The overall satisfaction among patients with virtual clinics introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic was generally high. The majority of patients would, where appropriate, prefer more virtual appointments in the future in comparison to face-to-face appointments and it was found to be more convenient for the patient.
Directive-Following Based on Graphic Symbol Sentences Involving an Animated Verb Symbol: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Choe Nicole , Shane Howard , Schlosser Ralf W. , Haynes Charles W. , Allen Anna
Published: November 2020

Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate poor comprehension of language at the sentence level in both the spoken modality and the graphic symbol modality. This study explored whether children with ASD are able to follow directives when presented with a graphic symbol sentence that includes an animated symbol for a verb. A total of five participants with moderate-to-severe ASD were presented with 10 graphic symbol sentences and asked to perform the directive using the provided figurines/objects. Results demonstrated that children with ASD can correctly carry out full-sentence directives to varying degrees when the directives represented graphically include an animated verb. Several observations were noted pertaining to participants’ performance and autism severity. The results of this study may have important implications for using animation as a tool to facilitate symbol syntax comprehension.
Mechanically robust and highly stretchable woven fabric containing metal wire for personal protective clothing
Authors: Wang Yong , Chu Changliu , Cao Jiqiang , Gordon Stuart
Published: November 2020

Highly stretchable composite yarns containing metal wire have attracted great interest as a fundamental building block for special protective fields. A method for producing tri-component elastic-conductive composite yarns (t-ECCYs) has been described previously. The main purpose of this work was to investigate the mechanical behavior and structural stability of a highly stretchable woven fabric containing t-ECCYs inserted in its weft direction. By virtue of the unique structure of t-ECCYs, the woven fabric has a denser and tighter surface than the reference fabric (100% cotton), which facilitates its weft elastic stretchability in excess of 40%. Furthermore, a typical initial low-stress tensile curve characteristic and an acceptable cyclic elastic recovery stability at a higher strain of 25% were observed, indicating excellent mechanical robustness of as-prepared woven fabric. Also, a modified standard solid model by introducing an exponent to the exponential function can fairly well replicate the tensile characteristics during stretch. Importantly, the structural stability of the fabric remained nearly unchanged following cyclic expansion (≈43%) and washing-drying (10 times) cycles. It is promising that this kind of mechanically robust and highly stretchable woven fabric containing metal wire is prerequisite for the next wave of superelastic electromagnetic shielding materials.