bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated farming of stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) and rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in farmer’s pond
Authors: ASHRAFULLAH MD. , KARMAKAR MITHUN , MELY SHAYLA SULTANA , ISLAM MD. TARIQUL , ISLAM MD. SHARIFUL
Published: December 2023

A study was carried out to evaluate the growth and production performances of stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) and rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) under two treatments such as T1 (shing-rabbit integrated system) and T2 (shing monoculture) in farmers’ pond. Twelve ponds from two villages such as Sutiakhali and Salakandi under Mymensingh sadar upazila were selected for the study. The average pond size was 5.5±0.23decimal with a stocking density of 600 shing dec-1. The ponds were only fertilized with rabbit dung except at the time of pond preparationat a rate of 1 kg dec-1. Various environmental parameters such as temperature (oC), transparency (cm), PH, dissolve oxygen (mg L-1), PO4-P (mg L-1), NO3-N (mg L-1), NO2-N (mg L-1), NH3-N (mg L-1), chlorophyll and alkalinity (mg L-1) were monitored once in a week. The parameters were found to vary little from pond to pond and most of the parameters were within the suitable range for freshwater aquaculture in Bangladesh. The highest survival rate of fish was 95.36 ± 0.15 % in treatment T1 and the lowest was 90.39 ± 0.10 % in treatment T2. The survival rates of fish were not significantly different among the treatments (P > 0.05). The production of fish in T1 and T2 treatment was 25.36 and 20.43 kg dec-1, respectively. Daily growth of shing in two treatments were 1.95 ± 0.01 and 1.88 ± 0.01 % respectively. The study revealed that integrated shing-rabbit would be highly profitable using improve extensive culture system in the rural household ponds through effectively reducing the use of pond fertilizer and fish feeding cost.
Profitability and factors affecting production of pond fish culture under NATP project in Tangail district of Bangladesh
Authors: KHAN MAH , AKTER N , RAHMAN M M , TASMIMA T , NAHER Q
Published: December 2023

Profitability and input use efficiency of pond fish culture was studied at farming systems Research and Development (FSRD) site, Atia, Tangail from July 2019 to June 2020. The average pond fish production was recorded at 2808 kg/ha/year with the highest yield from the medium farms (2940 kg/ha/year) and lowest yield from marginal farms (2624 kg/ha/year). The highest gross return (Tk 352,800/ha) was found with medium farmers followed by small farmers (Tk 343,200/ha). The benefit cost ratio was also recorded higher (2.08) in marginal and small farms. Considering the aggregate production function for all groups of farmers, it was found that inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilizer, feed and human labour were statistically significant in explaining the variation in pond fish output but the results varied with different farm categories. Since there was positive correlation between input use and production of fish, it is probable that an increase in application of inputs could increase production further.
Impact of aquaculture on crop productivity in greater Noakhali, Bangladesh
Authors: DIPTY AFSANA KABIR , SARKER MD. JAHANGIR , FAHAD MD. BADSHA , AKTER KARNIZ TAMANNA , SARKER MD. MILON , AKHI SOHANA HOSSAIN , RAHMAN MD. MOFIZUR
Published: December 2023

Aquaculture expanded to a great extent in Bangladesh through the conversion of agricultural lands due to high profitability resulting in land-use conflicts. The present study is the first initiative to elucidate the impacts of aquaculture on agricultural farms of greater Noakhali (Noakhali, Feni, and Lakshmipur), Bangladesh. Soil and water samples were drawn from 240 selected farms from fish farms (FF), near land (NL), distance land (DL), and control sites. Soil and water quality parameters were analysed following standard methods. A pre-coded structured questionnaire-based interview of farmers was performed from July 2017 to March 2018. Organic matter, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and pH (soil and water) of FF showed significant influence on its surrounding agricultural lands but sulfur, boron, and potassium did not show such kind of influence in all three districts. Total fish production and gross profit were found higher in large fish farms (32.19 MT/year and 238.24%) compared to medium and small fish farms. NL's total crop production and gross profits also showed the same pattern but DL’s showed the opposite pattern. Aqua farms negatively impacted agriculture in terms of cropping patterns but showed an increasing rate for HYVs (High Yield Variety) of rice in greater Noakhali.
A Review on Rett Syndrome: A Debilitating Neurodevelopmental Disorder
Authors: Sai Sri Narava Satya , Kucherlapati Sowmya , Kumar Mugada Vinod , Rao Yarguntla Srinivasa
Published: December 2023

Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder primarily affecting females, characterised by slowed growth, developmental regression, loss of fine motor skills, communication difficulties, and stereotypical hand movements. It is strongly associated with mutations in the MECP2 gene, while other variations have been linked to FOXG1 and CDKL5 mutations. This review provides an in-depth understanding of Rett syndrome, including its causes, symptoms, and available treatments. The epidemiology of Rett syndrome indicates a varying prevalence across different regions. Males with Rett syndrome, though rare, have been reported. The aetiology of Rett syndrome involves MECP2 mutations that lead to functional loss, affecting synapse development and maintenance. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have also been implicated in the disorder. Neuropathological findings reveal specific abnormalities in various brain regions. The symptoms of Rett syndrome include slowed head growth, abnormal gait, loss of intentional hand movements, breathing difficulties, and loss of speech. Complications such as metabolic issues, epilepsy, scoliosis, and gastrointestinal dysfunction are common. The diagnosis relies on clinical criteria and genetic testing for MECP2 mutations. Treatment for Rett syndrome is symptomatic and includes individualised rehabilitation therapies such as physical therapy, applied behaviour analysis, environmental enrichment, hydrotherapy, and music therapy. The review emphasises the importance of early intervention and family involvement in rehabilitation programmes.
Wolfram Syndrome: A Rare Genetic disorder affecting Multiple Organ Systems
Authors: Sree Lekha Annamneedi Bhagya , Sorra Abhiram , Kumar Mugada Vinod , Rao Yarguntla Srinivasa
Published: December 2023

Wolfram syndrome is a rare neurological disorder characterised by four main symptoms: diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, deafness, and diabetes insipidus. It is caused by alterations in the CISD2 and WFS1 genes, which encode important proteins involved in cellular processes. Wolfram syndrome type 1 (WS1) has an earlier onset of diabetes and more severe neurological and ocular involvement compared to WS2. The diagnosis of Wolfram syndrome is based on the presence of early-onset diabetes and progressive optic atrophy. Genetic analysis, such as sequencing of the WFS1 gene, is used to confirm the diagnosis. The prevalence of Wolfram syndrome varies across populations, with a carrier frequency of 1 in 354. Individuals with Wolfram syndrome may experience a range of complications, including neurological abnormalities, urinary tract problems, depression, and an increased risk of suicide. The pathophysiology of Wolfram syndrome involves endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein responses, leading to cellular dysfunction and apoptosis. A differential diagnosis includes other genetic and mitochondrial disorders with similar symptoms. Although there is no cure for Wolfram syndrome, careful clinical observation and supportive therapy can help manage the symptoms and improve the quality of life for affected individuals.
Lumpy Skin Disease, an Emerging Transboundary Viral Disease in Animal’s: A Review
Authors: Bala Madhu , Savita Savita , Sharma Neha , Dadwal Avantika , Abhinay Abhinay , Thakur Mohita
Published: December 2023

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an arising viral ailment impacting cows and buffaloes in India. Livestock industry suffers enormous financial damages as a result of lumpy skin disease (LSD). Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), a part of the Poxviridae family induces it, along with precursor being Neethling variant. Lumpy skin disease virus belongs to Capripox virus genus, it also contains sheep and goat pox viruses. Lumpy skin ailment is a bovine illness that is enzootic, contagious, eruptive, and infrequently lethal. It is characterised by skin lumps. Cows and buffalo are the sole impacted types of animals, with substantial morbidity yet lower fatality levels; although, calves die at a greater rate. Lumpy skin disease lowers milk and meat output, induces female miscarriages, and promotes male impotency. Skin nodules all over the body, fever, lachraimal discharge, nasal discharge, anorexia, decreased milk yield, emaciation, depression, and reluctance to move are all major clinical signs. LSD's origins can be traced back to 1929 in Zambia. Lumpy skin disease is regarded an indigenous illness in the African continent. However, around 1984, this disease spread beyond Africa. It has been reported in Madagascar as well as some Middle Eastern countries and Arabian Peninsula. This sickness has lately been documented in regions where lumpy skin ailment is not available (Syria, Lebanon, Iran, Turkey, and Iraq, Jordan), posing a financial risk to the livestock industry. After the earliest case of lumpy skin ailment was reported in India, it has spread rapidly throughout the country, posing a risk to the cattle and buffalo populations of productivity and mortality.
Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Sahu Tejaswari , Devi Vaishnavi , Srinivas Allada Satya Sai , Rao Yarguntla Srinivasa
Published: December 2023

Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (ACPO), also known as Ogilvie's syndrome, is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition characterized by a large dilation of the colon without any physical blockage. It predominantly affects elderly individuals with multiple underlying health conditions, postoperative patients, and those receiving medications that impact gastrointestinal motility. The exact underlying mechanisms leading to ACPO remain unclear, but it is believed to result from dysfunction in the autonomic neural system, causing impaired colonic motility. Patients with ACPO typically present with symptoms such as abdominal distension, pain, and constipation. The diagnosis of ACPO is established based on clinical assessment, X-ray imaging, and the exclusion of mechanical obstruction. Treatment for ACPO involves promptly identifying and addressing any underlying medical conditions that may contribute to its development, such as correcting electrolyte imbalances or discontinuing medications with gastrointestinal side effects. Non-invasive measures, such as decompressing the colon using a rectal tube or administering a medication called neostigmine, are often effective in relieving symptoms. In refractory cases where conservative measures fail, surgical intervention may be necessary. Despite the rarity of ACPO, its potential for significant morbidity and mortality emphasizes the importance of promptly recognizing and managing the condition. Healthcare providers should exercise caution in patients with risk factors and clinical features suggestive of ACPO. By understanding the pathophysiology and promptly initiating appropriate interventions, healthcare professionals can optimize outcomes and minimize the potential complications associated with ACPO.
A Review on Current Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment by selected Phytoconstituents
Authors: Mathur Aditya , Asthana Shweta , Patra Samir , Jana Pulak
Published: December 2023

Almost 90% of cases of diabetes in adult is type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is a chronic metabolic disorder happens for insulin resistance that cause chronic hyperglycaemia. This review article based on search on medicine, database of systemic reviews. This review presenting the etiology and major factors involved in development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and also the modification of lifestyle which is useful in the management of T2DM. Screening and diagnosis is based on the World Health Organization (WHO) and American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. Glucolipotoxicity, if left untreated it reduce function of pancreatic beta cell. Various environmental factors and genetic factors cause onset action of increase in diabetes. Treatment include lifestyle modification, obesity maintaining, oral hypoglycaemic agents and insulin sensitizer like metformin, biguanide decrease resistance of insulin and other is sulfonylureas thiazolidinediones, alpha- glucosidase inhibitor. It also includes the explanation of current strategies to control diabetes. The employment of phytoconstituent as multitargeting molecules and their potential use with a first line drug that helps to reduce the side effects which is caused by synthetic drugs are also explained.
A Rare Condition: The Impact of Coats Disease on Vision
Authors: Sai Vidhya Bollamreddy Haritha , Tammineni Ashmitha , Kumar Mugada Vinod , Rao Yarguntla Srinivasa
Published: December 2023

Coats disease is an attenuate ocular vasculopathy illustrated by the accumulation of fluid in the intra-retinal along subretinal space, primarily affecting young males. Although the underlying cause of the disease remains unknown, research has made significant progress in understanding its prevalence, morphology, patient variables, and history. Diagnosis can be challenging, but a range of imaging techniques, including optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography, ultrasonography, fluorescein angiography, Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can assist in differential diagnosis and management. Mutations in the norrin deficiency protein (NDP) gene, causing norrin deficiency, are linked to the disorder, with the high male-to-female ratio due to incomplete X-inactivation in females. New therapeutic options, including investigational and standard therapies, have been developed, with ranibizumab showing promising results in previous studies. Standard therapies include cryotherapy, laser photocoagulation, and intravitreal steroids and/or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections. Surgical intervention is recommended for retinal detachment (stage 3A or above), with asymptomatic, blind, and depressed stage 5 Coats patients monitored but not requiring treatment. Further research is needed to develop more effective treatments and improve patient outcomes.
ITCH is a Prognostic Biomarker and Immune Infiltrates in Lung Squamous Cell Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gong Libao
Published: December 2023

The treatment of lung squamous cell carcinoma is limited and shows resistance to various treatment methods. TCGA-LUSC data set was obtained from the TCGA website, and use different R packets to analyze the difference in the expression of ITCH in lung squamous cell carcinoma, its role in the prognosis, the difference in the distribution of immune cells and the calculation of immune score.
Autoimmune Cytopenias in Children with Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Authors:   Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ankara School of Medicine, Turkey, Gozdasoglu Sevgi
Published: December 2023

This study aims at discussing autoimmune cytopenias (AIC) in Hodgkins Lymphoma (HL) by reporting three cases which were diagnosed and treated in the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology at Ankara University School of Medicine.
Assessing Key Success Elements for the Economic Sustainability of the Robotics Industry
Authors: Dr. Girish Bagale Dr. Sawankumar Naik,
Published: December 2023

Robotics frequently entails the provisioning of resources in order to maximize long-term sustainability. When analyzing investments and funding, economic theories and models assist in assessing the dynamics of the remedy market, environmental impacts, and policy impacts. The numerous costs and challenges are identified in the current study. By classifying the 12 encountered elements into causes and effects to detect the causal interrelationships, the study is successful in providing guidelines for development of a model.
Examining The Mediating Effect of Brand Trust on Social Media Marketing and Electronic Word of Mouth
Authors: K. Ravishankar Ashlin Nimo J. R.,
Published: December 2023

Social media has been considered as one of the most popular medium of communication which connects a brand with customers. The availability of the internet and technology easily conveys the user's experience with a brand or a service through electronic word of mouth. The main purpose of the study is to understand the power of social media marketing activities on e-Word of mouth, with brand trust as a mediating factor. In order to study this, the following objectives were formulated by the researcher: To examine the effect of social media marketing activities on brand trust and also to investigate the association among social media marketing activities (entertainment, customization, interaction, trendiness), brand trust, and e-word of mouth. Finally, to find out the mediating role of brand trust between social media marketing activities and e-word of mouth, The target audience for this research is social media users, and based on convenience sampling using a structured questionnaire, data was collected from 390 respondents. IBM SPSS Statistics 20 was used for data analysis. Descriptive analysis, bivariate analysis, and Multivariate analysis were performed. There is a significant difference among age groups in the number of years of social media users with regard to the factors of brand trust. There is a positive correlation between all variables used in the study. Brand trust shows a good mediating role for Social Media Marketing activities and e-Word of Mouth. The researcher used four social media marketing activities to study the impact and mediating effect on brand trust and e-commerce. However, the research could be extended by using other social media marketing activities for brand enhancement.
The Analysis of Residential Property Price Bubble and Sharia Bank Financing Using MIDAS Regression Model
Authors: Fikri Aula Ahmad Hafid Saiful , Mustofa Mustofa , Sholeh Maimun , Nikensari Sri Indah
Published: December 2023

In economic modeling there are constraints in terms of time frequency differences in the data used as input for estimating a model. One real example is when modeling the relationship between the Islamic banking financing (FIN) and the Housing Price Index (HPI), where the frequency of FIN data is monthly and HPI is quarterly. In this study, it has been tried to develop a model which can be used in the forecasting of Residential Property Price Bubble by using MIDAS (mixed data sampling regression) method which allows the series to be used in the same regression equation from different frequency.Considering the AIC and SIC criteria, it was found that the best performing model out of four alternatives was the weighted equation according to the U-Midas method. The research result shows that the MIDAS specification for modeling the relationship between Islamic bank credit and the property price index is MIDAS with the U-Midas function at lag 4. This model is able to explain variations in property price bubbles of 98.8916%, meaning that the model can be used well for forecasting. Performance the resulting forecast is very good, it is shown that the MAPE value is 0. 2141%.
PERCEPTIONS AND EXPERIENCES OF M-HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES AND SOCIAL MEDIA: A QUALITATIVE STUDY IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: Caponnetto Pasquale , Signorelli Maria Salvina , Tiralongo Jennifer , Rodolico Alessandro , Concerto Carmen , Petralia Antonino , Inguscio Lucio
Published: December 2023

The growing influence of technology in the realm of mental health presents promising prospects for patients with psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia. The objective of this study is to investigate the perceptions of individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder regarding the utilization of technology and social media. The qualitative methodology used consists of an individual structured interview and the data were subjected to thematic analysis. The results show that the participants use digital tools for various activities such as work, searching for information, entertainment, and socialising. Their perceptions confirm the usefulness and easy accessibility of these tools, which enable positive changes in the organisation of daily life and social relationships. In general, it is possible to identify both positive and negative aspects of technology and social media, such as abuse and addictive behaviour, network and information overload problems, and the risk that privacy may not be guaranteed; among the positive ones, the promotion of remote sociability, speed in carrying out tasks and acquiring useful information emerge. Most of the participants express a positive perception of the possibility that digital tools can help in the field of mental health.
Readiness to Refrain from Carbonated Drinks among High School Female Students: The Transtheoretical Model of Change as a Theoretical Framework
Authors: Abed Ali Hawraa Kareem , Qasim Wissam Jabbar
Published: December 2023

Objective: This study is a part of randomized controlled trial. This study aims to identify high school female students’ readiness to refrain from carbonated drinks. Method: The study included a simple random sample of 144 high school female students who were recruited from Al-Russafa High School for females in Baghdad City. The study instrument consists of participants’ sociodemographic characteristics of age, living arrangement, and family’s socioeconomic status, Stages of Change for Carbonated Drinks Consumption Behavior Scale (Short Form), Stages of Change for Carbonated Drinks Consumption Behavior Scale (Continuous Measure), The Processes of Change for Carbonated Drinks Consumption Behavior Scale, The Self-Efficacy for Carbonated Drinks Consumption Behavior Scale which includes 18 Decisional Balance Scale for Carbonated Drinks Consumption Behavior. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) for Windows, version 26. Results: More than half are in the Precontemplation Stage of Change (n = 84; 58.3%), followed by those who are in the Preparation Stage of Change (n = 30; 20.8%), those who are in the Contemplation Stage of Change (n = 28; 19.5%), and those who are in the Maintenance Stage of Change (n = 2; 1.4%).The regression model displays that the family’s socioeconomic status, Self-Liberation, and students’ age positively predicted the Stages of Change to refrain from carbonated drinks (p-value = .004, .009, 035) respectively. Conclusion: The regression model displayed that Self-Liberation and students’ age positively predicted the Stages of Change to refrain from carbonated drinks. This finding implies that .The regression model displayed that students’ age positively predicted the Stages of Change to refrain from carbonated drinks. Keywords: Carbonated Drinks; Readiness to Refrain; High School Female Students.
Preferred Mode of Delivery among Pregnant Women, A cross Sectional Survey
Authors: Khan Mohammad Mustafa Farooq Khan, , Khan Nimra Aslam , Mumtaz Muhammad Talha , Jathol Mahnoor , Mahmood Sanam , Rashid Khushbakhat
Published: December 2023

Back ground: Pregnancy is a time of utter excitement, joy, and anticipation. As expectant mothers prepare for the arrival of their little ones, one of the most significant decisions they will make is choosing a delivery method. This research paper was conducted to provide pregnant women with a comprehensive guide to support them in reaching an informed decision that suits their needs and preferences. Methodology: The study was conducted on 500 pregnant women admitted to various hospitals in Lahore from January 2022 to June 2022. The participants were given a thorough questionnaire that explored their obstetric history, medical conditions, birth preferences, and delivery methods. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 27.0. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize numerical data. The Chi-square test was used to evaluate the associations between different categorical variables. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among the females 68% preferred vaginal births, while 32% chose cesarean sections. The most common reasons for choosing vaginal births were a faster recovery time 58%, less postoperative pain 22%, and a lower risk of complications 20%. Implication: This is done through various platforms, including social media campaigns, television adverts, and community outreach programs. By providing expectant mothers with accurate information and sufficient support, healthcare providers can enable them to make informed decisions. This will reduce the risk of unnecessary maternal and infant complications. Conclusion: In conclusion, awareness-raising is crucial to promote informed decision-making by expectant mothers and support safer and healthier childbirths. This research serves as a valuable tool for healthcare providers to provide expectant mothers with accurate information and support to make informed decisions. Keywords: C Section, Vaginal delivery, Mode of delivery, Preference
An Investigation on the Fibrin Glue's Impact on Myringoplasty's Success Rate: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Qureshi Ahsan , Khan Nisar Akber , Saleem Muhammad , Ali Ramzan , Munir Sultan Badar , Sheikh Ali Husnain , Shahzad Khurram
Published: December 2023

Objective: The study's goal is to evaluate the success rates of graft uptake in platelet-rich fibrin-assisted underlay myringoplasties employing temporalis fascia grafts to those in traditional underlay myringoplasties. Methods: This study was conducted in Mayo Hospital in Lahore's ENT department carried out this double-blind, randomized, controlled trial investigation. We recruited 60 individuals with dry central tympanic membrane perforations. Patients with co-morbidities such as diabetes and sensorineural hearing loss were not included. Probability basic random sampling was used. The patients were split into two groups using a lottery system. With the help of SPSS version 26, statistical analysis was carried out. The P-value was calculated using the chi-square test. Results: There were 60 patients, of whom 38 were males and 22 were women. The control group's average age was 27.53 ± 11.41 years, but the study group's average age (Fibrin) was 31.77 ± 12.43 years. At the 2-month follow-up, the grafts were successfully absorbed by every patient in the platelet-rich fibrin group. 23 out of 30 patients in the control group who underwent the conventional method successfully absorbed their grafts, however, the remaining 7 patients had different issues that led to graft rejection. Practical Implication: The tympanic membrane would mend more quickly if platelet-rich fibrin was used after ear procedures. Fibrin glue in tympanoplasty has been tried in several locations throughout the globe. [7,8] When concentrated fibrinogen solutions are combined with thrombin, fibrin glue is created. It may also be made from platelet-rich plasma. Our research compares platelet-rich fibrin-assisted underlay myringoplasties employing temporalis fascia grafts to traditional underlay myringoplasties to see which has a higher graft uptake success rate. Conclusions: The use of platelet-rich fibrin on the anterior ligament grafting line and perforation edges during underlay myringoplasty has greatly increased the success rate of the graft. Keywords: platelet-rich fibrin, temporal fascia graft, myringoplasty
Cumulative Effects of Histology Course on Pathology Curriculum: A Dental Student’s Perspective
Authors: Khan Ibrahim , Arif Haseeba , Afridi Parkha , Khan Humaira , Iram Rakhshinda , Kiran Shabana
Published: December 2023

Aim: The way students perceive and express their thoughts significantly influences their success in academics. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the first-year general histology course influences medical students' perceptions of pathology in the second year of dental school. The survey assessed students' perspectives on studying the body, their opinions on their initial year's histology and subsequent year's pathology courses, and their sentiments regarding the integration of these classes. Method: It was a cross-sectional study conducted using a questionnaire. A five-point likert scale was used. 250 questionnaires were distributed among the dental students of private and government dental college from 2nd year. Out of 250 questionnaires that were disturbed 220 were responded. Sampling type was convenient sampling. Dental students perspective was the main objective hence target population were 2nd year dental students. Pre- tested questionnaire was utilized. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data. Result: The data was collected from second year students of private and government dental colleges. Questionnaire was generated using Goggle Forms. A 30 items, self-administrated questionnaires was used. Out of the 220 students 99 were boys (45%) the rest 121(55%) students were girls. The mean age of the participants was 20.12 years (SD = 0.86). Out of which 165 (75%) students recognizes the importance of histology and pathology course. 57% participants considered that the integration of these two courses will bring about a positive change. The integration of histology and pathology into the curriculum in the first year needs to be evaluated, as demonstrated by our experience for a better understanding of the course. Conclusion: It is important to examine the first-year curriculum's integration of histology and pathology, and some suitable steps must be taken to improve students' interest in general histology and histopathology. Keywords: Histology, Pathology, Integration, Dental students, Syllabus.
Prevalence of Hypocalcemia in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Ashraf Ali Shuaib , Hassan Ali , Saeed Muhammad Hamza , Shamim Arsalan , Hammad Haleem , Salim Yasir
Published: December 2023

Objective: To ascertain the prevalence of hypocalcemia in patients with acute ischemic stroke at a tertiary care hospital and to analyze the mean scores on the modified Rankin Scale, assessing the stroke severity, in patients both with and without hypocalcemia." Study Design: It was a cross sectional study. Setting: Deptt. of Medicine, Services Hospital, Lahore. Methodology: 100 eligible patients were examined the modified Rankin scale at the time of presentation, recording the scores. To ensure accuracy, overnight fasting was observed, and a 5 ml early morning fasting blood sample was collected via venipuncture using aseptic techniques, administered by the researcher. These blood samples were then sent in serum vials to the pathology lab and hypocalcemia was labeled. Results: Mean age ± standard deviation was calculated to be 47.58 ± 8.43 years, 63 participants (63%) were male, while 37 participants (37%) were female. The mean Rankin score was determined as 3.67 ± 1.16. Furthermore, the frequency of hypocalcemia among patients with acute ischemic stroke who presented at the tertiary care hospital was observed in 53 cases (53%). To assess the severity of stroke, a comparison was made between the mean scores on the Modified Rankin Scale for patients with and without hypocalcemia. The results showed a mean score of 4.50 ± 0.67 in the group with hypocalcemia and 2.61 ± 0.69 in the group without hypocalcemia, with a p-value of 0.0001. Conclusion: Acute ischemic stroke patients at a tertiary care hospital often have hypocalcemia. Additionally, patients with hypocalcemia exhibit significantly higher mean scores on the modified Rankin Scale, indicating increased stroke severity compared to those without hypocalcemia. Keywords: Acute ischemic stroke, hypocalcemia, modified Rankin Scale, severity of stroke
Association Between Exclusive Breastfeeding and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Farid Saad , Ali Mazhar , Badshah Fazal , Khan Sumbal Afzal
Published: December 2023

Objective: to determine the association of formula milk and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) with type 1 diabetes (TID) in children. Methods: This epidemiology cross-sectional study was conducted in Saidu Teaching Hospital from January-2022 to January-2023. We included 75 patients with diagnosis of TID who presented in diabetes clinic of the hospital. For control group we included 75 children who did not had T1D. Data regarding type of feeding was collected from parent of each child. Results: Mean age was 7.89±2.1 years in patients with T1D and 8.1±1.9 years in control group (p-value 0.52). There were 40 (53.3%) male patients in T1D and 39 (52%) male patients in control group (p-value 0.87). There was very low percentage of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in T1D patients; 9 (12%) only in comparison to 43 (57.3%) in controls (p-value <0.001). There was high prevalence of formula feeding in T1D patients; 31 (41.3%) in comparison to 12 (16%) in controls (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: In present study, the frequency of EBF was significantly lower in T1D patients in comparison to controls. So EBF seems to be a protective factor against occurrence of type 1 diabetes. Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding, Type 1 diabetes, formula feeding.
The use of thermal imaging studies in the diagnosis of railroad infrastructure elements
Authors: Stypułkowski Krzysztof , Kukulski Jacek
Published: December 2023

The article presents selected results of thermovision measurements of EOR elements used for heating railway turnouts under the BRIK2/0036/2022 project. The tests were carried out for various types of railway turnouts (ordinary). The results made it possible to observe the temperature distribution for different con-struction solutions of turnouts. Further work is focused on preparing assumptions and criteria for developing an application supporting the interpretation of thermo-grams, which can be a tool supporting the diagnostics of EOR devices. The creation of a simple diagnostic tool that allows the evaluation and interpretation of the obtained thermogram may enable maintenance services to make the right decisions in the field of operation.
At the Cradle of Things The Act of Distinction and Francisco Varela's Non-Dualist Thought
Authors: Vörös Sebastjan
Published: December 2023

Francisco Varela's extensive body of work spans a wide range of subjects, making it challenging to discern their underlying connections. This issue becomes particularly acute when we compare Varela's early mathematical enquiries with his later phenomenological investigations. I argue
that the 'missing link' — the common thread running through Varela's oeuvre — is the act of distinction. When talking about 'distinction', it is important to differentiate between the ready-made distinctions (distinctions as entities) and distinctions in their act of distinguishing
(distinctions as processes). My contention is that distinction in this second sense forms the bedrock of Varela's non-dual thought style, the aim of which was to address and supersede the challenges inherent in the dualist (modernist) thought style, especially the infamous two-pronged problem
of the bifurcation and disenchantment of nature. The paper delves into Varela's explorations of the act of distinction by tracing its origins in the works of Spencer-Brown, examining its underlying philosophical implications (non-dual onto-epistemology), and exploring its connections to different
aspects of his work (form dynamics, autopoiesis, and phenomenology).
Autopoiesis, Autonomy, and Eigenform
Authors: University of Illinois Chicago, USA Louis H
Published: December 2023

The main objective of this paper is to explore a model of autopoiesis as presented by Maturana, Uribe and Varela (1974); more specifically, to analyse this model and its implications through the lens of the notions of eigenform and fixed points through a variety of different perspectives
and examples. The paper also puts forward original philosophical reflections and generalizations about its various conclusions concerning specific examples, with the aim of contributing to a unified way of understanding living systems within the context of natural sciences and the pervasive
nature of awareness and conscious observation.
Enactment: A Preliminary Study in Varela and Traditional Metaphysics
Authors: Werner Konrad
Published: December 2023

This paper targets the concept of enactment as a genuinely metaphysical idea. Its goals are two-fold. First, a reappraisal of enactment in its proper historical context, as well as an articulation of the core innovations enactment brings to traditional metaphysics. Here the idea of
'productive' cognition, as I provisionally term it, comes to the fore. The second goal is a reinterpretation of certain themes from traditional metaphysics, including the key question of why there is something rather than nothing, so as to make it more open to insights originating from enactivism.
For that, the concept of 'situated metaphysics' is introduced and elaborated upon.
The Pragmatics, Embodiment, and Efficacy of Lived Experience Assessing the Core Tenets of Varela's Neurophenomenology
Authors: Froese Tom , Sykes John J
Published: December 2023

Varela's enactive approach to cognitive science has been elaborated into a theoretical framework of agency, sense-making, and sociality, while his key methodological innovation — neurophenomenology (NP) — continues to inspire empirical work. We argue that the enactive approach
was originally expressed in NP as three core tenets: (1) phenomenological pragmatics, (2) embodied cognition, and (3) conscious efficacy. However, most efforts in NP have focused on applying tenet 1, while tenet 2 has received notably less attention, and there is even explicit distancing from
tenet 3. By way of a critical review of four case studies, we show how NP thereby falls short of its full potential. Crucially, it needs to demonstrate that the first-person perspective matters, not only as a source of correlations with third-person data, but because lived experience, as such,
makes a difference in its own right to the living body's dynamics. Given that methods for improving subjective reports have become accepted in human neuroscience (tenet 1), and given the increasing availability for recording multi-scalar organismic activity during embodied action (tenet 2),
we propose it is time to integrate these research strands by using this issue of conscious efficacy as a pivot point (tenet 3). The development of genuinely experience-involving accounts of neurophysiological activity during embodied action holds promise for rebooting neurophenomenology in
stronger form.
Beyond Emptiness 'Compassion' as the Hidden Ground of Francisco Varela's Thinking
Authors: Weber Andreas
Published: December 2023

Francisco Varela highlighted many links between his philosophy of cognition and Buddhism. This paper focuses on those connections which Varela did not make explicit. Varela was a disciple of Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, a renowned master of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. This school
emphasizes the direct experience of the 'nature of the mind' — hence, reality. Only by taking into account how this experience formed Varela's thinking do we understand the full scope of his idea of life. For Varela, living beings act from the perspective of a self, although this self
does not exist as a place or organ in the organism. In his training with Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, Varela realized that this 'selfless' self in the centre of an organism is the activity of giving life. In it, matter and inwardness, the subjective perspective and the perspective of 'being everything',
are not separate. An organism is the gift of life coming from this centre, which is pure original consciousness — the 'nature of the mind'.
Thucydides, Plato and Stasis
Authors: Wallach John R.
Published: December 2023

Thucydides and Plato are often read in opposed or equivalent intellectual registers (cf. Strauss, Guthrie, Ober, Mara). If the former, they speak past one another. If the latter, their different purposes have no interpretive effect. This article notes how each seeks to ameliorate
stasis by means of different accounts of the logos–ergon relationship; in so doing, it points out political and theoretical differences and similarities. It yields insights into what Thucydides and Plato were doing and saying, and it illustrates how reading each about stasis
can bridge undue gaps between the critical discourses of history and political theory and their relationships to democratic thought.
Liu Bei, Plato et al. on Kingship: A Microhistory of Seventeenth-Century Globalization and Political Thought
Authors: Yin Shoufu
Published: December 2023

This paper is a microhistory of a seventeenth-century approach to global political thought, one that seeks to theorize globally shared conditions beyond the East/West divide. It focuses on the Spanish thinker Domingo Fernández Navarrete, who, after his global travels, offered
a unique account of a king's dual pains by comparing Liu Bei, a Chinese emperor, to Plato, Seneca, Aquinas, etc. It contends that Navarrete's embodied theory of kingship deepens the Thomist conception of the body politic and forms a part of the global re-reading of Liu Bei. In so doing, this
paper also seeks to clarify different senses of globality and further the dialogue between global history and comparative political theory.
DIGITAL NATIVES: MEDIA LITERACY, NEWS CONSUMPTION AND HABITS
Authors: ORFANİDOU Anna , PANAGİOTOU Nikos
Published: December 2023

People today are in a place where they can produce, consume, store and broadcast news from various sources, media organizations and platforms. There are more options for news consumption than ever before, hence comes the need to comprehend but also compare different news consumption patterns. Following Prensky’s (2001) approach (Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants), this research examines the level of media literacy in the Digital Natives generations (young individuals who have grown up in the digital age) and how said generations consume news. The study focuses on the multiple factors which affect news consumption, distribution and comprehension of mis/disinformation issues, among Digital Natives. A primary quantitative research was conducted and it was based on a closed-ended questionnaire, which was distributed online and was answered by a specimen of 338 adults, born after 1980. Research findings indicate that Digital Natives consider news as strongly affected by political parties. There is a huge surge in the use of digital media, thus traditional means of information, such as newspapers, were found to have a minimum impact on Digital Natives. According to the study findings, they face significant issues regarding trust in news, continuous use of various devices and social media platforms. All these issues influence their information habits and underline the need for tailor-made media literacy approaches.
A RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LONELINESS AND SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: THE CASE OF MUŞ ALPARSLAN UNIVERSITY
Authors: ALKAN Feryat
Published: December 2023

With the developing and changing technologies, many innovations have occurred in the field of communication. With these developments, internet use has moved to a different dimension with Web 2.0 technologies. Web 2.0 technologies enable the production and dissemination of content in social media channels. Social media users continue to use it for needs such as having fun, socialising and obtaining information. Especially young individuals spend a significant part of their time on these networks because they are active in social media channels. The continuous renewal of social media channels reinforces the activity of users and thus social media causes more time to be spent on social media. In this direction, it was tried to understand whether social media use has a relationship with loneliness. The sample of the study consists of Muş Alparslan University students. In the context of the survey conducted on 378 people, it was aimed to analyse the relationship between individuals' social media usage rates, social media usage purposes, time spent on social media and loneliness. Among the results of the study are that the participants like to use social media and spend time on social media, check their social media account as the first thing when they wake up in the morning, and use social media to be informed about current events. It was also concluded that there was no relationship between social media use and loneliness.
Perawatan Payudara, Tekhnik Menyusui dan Motivasi Ibu serta Hubungannya dengan Kejadian Bendungan ASI
Authors: Hutahaean Resi Labora
Published: December 2023

Pendahuluan: Bendungan ASI adalah pembengkakan pada payudara karena peningkatan aliran vena dan limfe. Bendungan ASI terjadi sejak hari ke tiga sampai ke enam setelah persalinan, ketika ASI secara normal dihasilkan. Perawatan payudara, tekhnik menyusui, dan motivasi ibu merupakan faktor pencetus kejadian bendungan ASI pada ibu.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan perawatan payudara, tekhnik menyusui, dan motivasi ibu dengan kejadian bendungan ASI di Puskesmas Perawatan Napal Putih Bengkulu tahun 2022.
Metode: Metode penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif metode deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 32 ibu nifas yang melakukan pemeriksaan di Puskesmas Perawatan Napal Putih Bengkulu dengan menggunakan total sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner dan analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square (Fisher's Exact Test)
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan perawatan payudara (p-value 0,001), tekhnik menyusui (p-value 0,000), dan motivasi ibu (p-value 0,012) dengan kejadian bendungan ASI.
Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara perawatan payudara, tekhnik menyusui, dan motivasi ibu dengan kejadian bendungan ASI di Puskesmas Perawatan Napal Putih Bengkulu tahun 2022.
Analisis Keterkaitan Pola Hidup Vegan terhadap Lingkungan
Authors: Sagala Agnes DeYuli Br , Sutami Karina Athanatania , Azarine Nizan Syaira , Rozak Rama Wijaya Abdul , Sugiarti Yatti , Badruzzaman Reza
Published: December 2023

Latar Belakang: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menunjukkan pilihan diet vegetarian dan vegan atas dasar kepedulian pada lingkungan
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pola hidup vegaan terhadap lingkungan.
Metode: Metodologi penelitian kualitatif deskriptif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data utama yang dikumpulkan melalui survei dikirim ke responden melalui Google Form. Kuesioner terbuka dan tertutup dengan balasan. Didapatkan 35 yang menanggapi survei online yang kami sediakan. Data yang diperoleh kemudian diproses dengan cara berikut, secara bertahap yaitu tabulasi data, analisis dan deskripsi data, serta pembahasan.
Hasil: Sebagian responden sudah mengenal apa itu pola hidup vegan. Namun, sebagian besar dari mereka sama sekali belum pernah mencoba menerapkan pola hidup vegan. Hanya 10 dari 35 responden yang pernah mencoba pola hidup vegan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pola hidup vegan mempengaruhi lingkungan dan berdampak positif bagi lingkungan
Kesimpulan: Pola hidup vegan terbukti berpengaruh positif terhadap lingkungan karena lebih ramah lingkungan.