bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytokine Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Cultures Obtained from Cattle with Different Stages of Natural Mycobacterium bovis Infection
Authors: Fernando Díaz-Otero, , Anabelle Manzo-Sandoval, , Laura Jaramillo-Meza, , María Teresa Lugo-Arriaga,
Published: December 2022

In bovine tuberculosis (bTB), cellular, humoral, or both types of immune responses have been observed. The purpose of this study was to examine the immune status of tuberculous cows based on the differential cytokine gene expression associated with Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2), or Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) responses. Twenty-three (23) cows belonging to a dairy herd located in a rural region of the State of Hidalgo, México, were selected for the study. Single Intradermal Comparative Cervical Tuberculin (SICCT) Test, Interferon-Gamma (IFN-γ) Release Assay (BOVIGAM), and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) were used for detection of cattle infected by M. bovis. Thirteen cows were positive to all the tests (Group 1); ten cows were positive only to ELISA (Group 2), and the remaining Group (Group 3, control) included cows negative to all the tests. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from animals were in vitro stimulated by bovin purified protein derivative (PPD), avian PPD, and Concanavalin A (Con A) mitogen for 72h. Changes in the levels of expression of mRNA of the respective cytokines was measured by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) using β-actin gene as internal control. In group 1, PPD bovis and Con A-stimulated cells exhibited high production of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-4, but not IL-10. In contrast, PPD avium-stimulated cells displayed a low production of cytokine transcripts. In group 2, cells showed a significant production of IL-10 in response to bovine PPD (P< 0.001). In the control group, a high production of IFN-γ and IL-2 was observed only in Con A-stimulated cells. Post-mortem examinations in animals of group 1 showed slight and medium lesions in lymph nodes, whereas in group 2, the lesions were more extensive. Results indicate differences on gene expression levels of cytokines considered to determine balance in Th1/Th2 response among the evaluated groups. In addition, high levels of antibodies against M. bovis and high IL-10 expression in PBMC together are indicators of progressive bTB when both tuberculin test and IFN-γ assay are negative in tuberculous anergic cattle. Inclusion of serology and IL-10 cytokine expression in in the diagnosis checklist improves detection of infected cattle to help control bovine tuberculosis.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of HIV Infection among Children Born from HIV Positive Women Musanze District, Rwanda
Authors: Rutayisire Erigene , Safari Ennest , Habtu Micheal , Muhimba Innocent , Nderelimana Olivier , Muhire Philbert , Nderelimana Olivier , Muhimba Innocent , Habtu Micheal
Published: December 2022

In Rwanda the prevalence of mother-to-child HIV transmission is 1.5%, the prevalence was found to be higher in rural area. The purpose of this study was to determine the Prevalence and Risk Factors of HIV Infection among Children born from HIV Positive Women in Musanze District. The study findings help to decrease the rate of HIV infection among children born from mother HIV positive to zero. This study was conducted in Musanze District, Northern Province in Rwanda. The study targeted 420 HIV positive mothers who delivery in different health facilities located in Musanze district form January 2019 to December 2020 and their children. SPSS version 22 was used for analysis. Of 420 children born from HIV positive mothers 91.7% were aged between 18-24 months, 55.2% were female. The majority of HIV positive mothers 80.2% who participated in the study were married. The prevalence of HIV infection among children born from HIV positive women was 2.9%. Children whose mother had poor adherence to ART were 1.5 times more likely to get HIV at birth compared to those whose mother had good adherence (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI: (1.12-2.21)). Children born from mothers in WHO stage II were more likely to get HIV from their mother (AOR = 1.24; 95% CI: (1.32-2.207)). Children born from HIV positive mother with one ANC visit were 2.5 times more likely to get HIV from their mothers (AOR = 1.56; 95% CI: (2.31-5.17)).
To What Extent is it Possible to Respect the Principle of Autonomy in Pandemic Times? A New Approach to Bioethical Principles
Authors: Miziara Ivan Dieb , Molleis Galego Miziara Carmen Silvia
Published: December 2022

Based on two fictitious cases of disregard for the rules to prevent the spread of Sars-Cov-2 in which individuals claim that their autonomy has been disrespected, in Brazil, the authors ask to what extent individual autonomy must be strictly respected and propose a new approach to the bioethics principles, so that they are applied with a view to public health and the common good.
Predictive Analytics of Mental Health Problems Among College Students in the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Abdullah Mokhtar , Omar Mohammad , Bahardin Tun Izlizam
Published: December 2022

Covid-19 pandemic has brought into focus the mental health of various segments of society. This paper presents an empirical study on mental health of college students due to the specific situations caused by the pandemic. A particular focus is on the effects of three stressors, namely, academic workload, separation from school, and fears of contagion among the college students. This initiative was a follow-up of the study by Yang et al. (2021) who proposed a research model that evaluates the impacts of these stressors on perceived stress which subsequently affects the mental health of the students. Using the data collected by Yang et al. (2021), an alternative predictive analytics approach, i.e., Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), was adopted to re-evaluate the research model. This has produced an improvement over the results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) adopted by Yang et al. (2021), particularly in the test for the significance of correlation between academic workload and mental health. While the use of PLS-SEM that allowed for strategic refinements of the model produced a significant correlation between the two important constructs, the CFA failed to obtain a similar result. All the other significant correlations between the stressors and mental health and correlation between the mediating factor, the perceived stress, and mental health were also established using the PLS-SEM approach.
Automating the OEE Measurement in TPM Implementation Process
Authors: Mesquita Rui Pedro Caseiro , Romana Fernando Acabado , Gestoso Carlos Guillen
Published: December 2022

This article is the result of a project in a reference company in the aviation sector in Portugal in its department of strategy and continuous improvement. The aim of the project was the implementation of the Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) philosophy at a corporate level. The pilot equipment for the implementation is in an aircraft structures production unit and preforms the initial machining of simple metal parts. For the implementation of the philosophy, indicators for monitoring the production process were integrated into the equipment, as well as the management of all the deliverables necessary for the operation in the philosophy of autonomous maintenance. Finally, the course of the entire process is analysed, improvements are suggested for the following equipment and the gains in production are identified.
Agricultural Mechanisation in the Hills of Uttarakhand
Authors: Agrawal Abha , Manral Laxmi
Published: December 2022

Agricultural Mechanisation in India has completely changed the condition and direction of agriculture. After mechanisation India has emerged as one of the biggest producer of food grains and also net exporter. But the development of mechanisation has been very uneven some states like Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh are highly mechanized while the hilly states like Uttarakhand still struggling with traditional methods of farming. Farmers in Uttarakhand especially in hilly regions are still using outdated and old methods of farming which are not feasible with this modern and technically advance world where there is high demand of food grains due to increasing population. People are still doing subsistence farming manually which has made it drudgery prone occupation. Agricultural mechanisation will make agriculture less drudgery and more efficient for the farmers. It helps in increasing farm productivity and production. This paper highlights the existence of agricultural mechanisation in hilly regions and the issues faced in transformation of agriculture.
Bridging as Metaphor- A Systems Thinking Approach for Exploring Transboundary Risk
Authors: Locklear Kathleen
Published: December 2022

This paper provides a novel approach for understanding transboundary risk, including ‘grand challenges’ such as climate change.  Discussion begins with an exploration of the origins of transboundary risk as a byproduct of globalization.  Thereafter, the concept of ‘bridging’ is used in order to conceptualize the spread of transboundary risk across traditional physical boundaries, including geographic borders.  Building upon prior theory, systems thinking and complexity are used as conceptual lenses for understanding the dynamics of transboundary risk. Scenario planning is offered as a means for envisioning and addressing the challenges presented by transboundary risk.  The result of this discussion is a holistic, systems view of transboundary risk which stands in contrast to traditional, reductionist perspectives of risk.  As such, the paper concludes by proposing a set of epistemological questions that emerge as a result of this shift.
A Data Mining Approach to Predict Key Factors Impacting University Students Dropout in a Least Developed Economy
Authors: Singh Harman Preet , Alhamad Ibrahim Abdullah
Published: December 2022

University students’ dropout is a complex issue with life and career ramifications, especially in least developed countries. Ethiopia, a country with one of the least developed economies, has made considerable efforts to strengthen its higher education; yet university student attrition remains a major concern. In this study, we utilized the data mining methodology to reveal the important factors that impact dropout among the Ethiopian university students. The current research results indicate that personal, institutional, and academic factors affect university student dropout. In Ethiopia, low-performing rural female students are more likely to drop out than male students, according to the findings of this study. In general, rural low- achieving students have a greater likelihood of dropping out of university. This is likely to occur during the students' first semester of study, especially if they have a poor attendance rate. This research contributes to the body of knowledge by indicating that university remedial programs may be successful in reducing the incidents of students’ dropout. The current research has implications for policymakers in the least developed nations, such as Ethiopia, to construct dropout intervention programs based on the factors identified in this research.
Renewable Energy Consumption During Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pena-Sanchez Rolando
Published: December 2022

Currently, the pandemic derived from the outbreak of the Covid-19 virus represents one of the most complicated situations for the world economy because it is a health emergency, which has created remarkable affectations in all types of industries, such as the electrical industry. A brief information about the distribution, commercialization, and diversity in power generation sources is included. This report analyzes the annual average change in percent renewable energy consumption from 2019 to 2020 for the representative group of selected countries: China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Portugal, Spain, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, and United State; where the parametric (paired t-Test), and the non-parametric technique (related-samples Wilcoxon signed rank test) produced the same result: the average annual change in the percentage consumption of renewable energy from 2019 to 2020 has been significant (p-value< 0.01) for the group of selected countries. We conclude this report by proposing the implementation of a new paradigm: The transformation of an energy dependent on oil into one dependent on renewable sources, such as solar radiation and wind mainly.
The Influence of Gender, Age, Academic Level and Motivation on Satisfaction Toward Benefits Received by Gig Economy Workers in Malaysia
Authors: Norwani Norlia Mat , Ismail Zuriadah , Nasir Nur Nastasya Athira Mohd , Yusof Rohaila , Jamaluddin Nur Sa’adah
Published: December 2022

The emergence of new modes of employment relations has contributed to the development of gig economy workers who are employed on a mostly freelance basis, carrying out short-term jobs or contracts without or with one or more employers. The research aims to identify the level of motivation and satisfaction towards the benefits received by gig economy workers, to assess differences in the level of motivation and satisfaction based on gender, age and academic level and to ascertain if the demographic variables and motivation are predictors of satisfaction. A set of questionnaires in google form is utilized for data collection in the Selangor area via various social media. A total of 384 responses were recorded and analyses including descriptive and inferential tests were done. Both motivation and satisfaction are at a high level. ANOVA tests showed that motivation and satisfaction are significantly different based on gender (motivation: F=6.482, p<0.05 and satisfaction: F=0.040, p<0.05) and age (motivation: F=5.977, p<0.05 and satisfaction: F=3.940, p<0.05). Regression analysis indicated that age and motivation explained 59.0% of the variance in satisfaction (adjusted R2=0.59, F(2,381)=276.020, p<0.05). Policies and interventions can be developed to create an environment and conditions conducive to employee happiness, resulting in an increase in employee motivation and work satisfaction. Because gig workers have demonstrated a desire to learn and grow, respective agencies can provide complimentary, voluntary educational activities such as full-fledged courses and seminars in areas deemed needed.
Security Managers’ Perspectives on Challenges Facing Commercial Banks in Preventing Frauds in Nairobi City County, Kenya
Authors: Godana Hillary , Mwangi Samson Wokabi , Mwaeke Panuel
Published: December 2022

This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis on Security Managers’ perspectives on challenges facing Commercial Banks in Preventing Frauds in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was motivated by continued rise of frauds in commercial banks in the county, despite the extensive mitigation measures put in place to deter frauds. The study established the nature of frauds prevalent in Kenya commercial banks in Nairobi County, assessed the determinants of fraud in Kenya commercial banks, determined Bank Security Managers Capacity in fraud prevention, and finally examined Security Managers perceptions on the relationship between the existing preventive measures and emerging Bank fraud trends in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was grounded by the Fraud Triangle concept and adopted a case study qualitative design. The main method of data collection was the interview. The study comprises of 50 respondents: 39 main respondents and 11 Key Informants. The census sampling Method was used to select respondents for the study. Data was transcribed and the transcriptions coded using NVIVO software. The study established three major types of frauds; Management frauds, Non-Management Frauds and Third Party Frauds, all said to be on an increase trend. According to this study fraud rates are higher at Nairobi County (90%), than at other counties (70%). Mobile and Internet banking frauds were found to be the new threats challenging commercial banks because by their very nature because of technological sophistication, were committed from geographical location including outside the country. The study established two major determinants of frauds; Fraudsters Perspectives and institutional related factors. Major fraudster’s perspectives include; condition under which people can rationalize their prospective crimes, opportunities to commit crimes, perceived suitability of targets for fraud, technical ability of the fraudster, the possibility and likelihood of the fraud being discovered and the nature of consequences. Institutional factors that influence fraud prevalence include; weak accounting and control systems, and ineffective internal audits. According to the study, technological sophistication has outsmarted many security managers in the banking sector, because of their technological skills gaps in Fraud forensics. Finally, the study established the relationship between existing preventive measures and emerging Bank fraud trends in Nairobi County. Major policy recommendations suggested to cut frauds at the nib include; benchmarking for best internationally recognized standards such as carrying out expected and unexpected audits, enforced internal controls, regular training of security managers, and review of commercial banks organogram that will place security managers at a position to police frauds perpetrated by management.
The Effect of Self-efficacy on Sustainable Development: The PetroMasila in Yemen
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Razi , Ariffin Khairol Anuar Bin Mohd , Abdulsamad Akram , Raqee Ali , Ismail Idris Shah , Ahmad Kamarul Arifin
Published: December 2022

This research addresses the mechanism that the components of self-efficacy impact the sustainable development efficacy among employees of PetroMasila in Yemen. The methodology of the current study was quantitative. The online questionnaire was utilized to collect data from 342 employees who are working in the department of project management. The data analysis was conducted by the Structural Equation Model (SEM) in Smart-PLS Software. The findings of this study indicated that all components of self-efficacy, namely past performance, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, and emotional cues, have a significant and positive influence on the oil industry's sustainable development effectiveness. The model of research explained 45% of the whole variance in sustainable development efficacy. Furthermore, this study discusses the limitation and future studies.
Sanctions are Costly for Citizens but Beneficial for Autocrats: A Political-Economic Perspective
Authors: Eichenberger Reiner , Stadelmann David
Published: December 2022

Economic sanctions negatively affect the target country’s economic potential. As a type of enforced protectionism, sanctions shift the relative power in the target country between its citizens and its (autocratic) government. This shift tends to favor autocrats as their power over the limited means of production increases and as they control the remaining international exchange opportunities. Resistance against autocratic governments would require collective action by citizens or an organized political opposition, but the autocrats’ relative gain in power due to sanctions increases their likelihood of staying in power. Internationally, an economically weakened country may present less of an external military threat. However, as the stabilization of a target regime is a likely outcome of sanctions, sanctioned regimes remain an international threat. Therefore, we also discuss potential alternatives to sanctions as policy tools.
A critical review on application of organic, inorganic and hybrid nanophotocatalytic assemblies for photocatalysis of methyl orange dye in aqueous medium
Authors: Din Muhammad Imran , Khalid Rida , Hussain Zaib , Arshad Muhammad , Khan Safyan A.
Published: December 2022

Methyl orange (MO) is a highly carcinogenic and harmful contaminant, which has been extensively reported for its detrimental impact on human and aquatic life. The photodegradation of MO into less toxic products has gained much attention over the past few decades. Herein we have reviewed the recent advancement in designing of nanomaterials (NMs) stabilized on different fabricating assemblies and their application in photocatalysis of MO dye. These photocatalytic systems possess various advantages and disadvantages. Graphene-based supported materials on different NMs are highly reported photocatalysts for photocatalysis of MO dye. Recent advancement, parameters affecting photocatalytic studies, kinetics and photocatalytic mechanism of MO have been thoroughly explained in this review. Future outcomes are also provided for extending the development of scientific research in this field.
Current advances in stem cell therapy in the treatment of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Zolfaghari Baghbadorani Parnian , Rayati Damavandi Amirmasoud , Moradi Samira , Ahmadi Meysam , Bemani Peyman , Aria Hamid , Mottedayyen Hossein , Rayati Damavandi Amirhossein , Eskandari Nahid , Fathi Farshid
Published: December 2022

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease related to the central nervous system (CNS) with a significant global burden. In this illness, the immune system plays an essential role in its pathophysiology and progression. The currently available treatments are not recognized as curable options and, at best, might slow the progression of MS injuries to the CNS. However, stem cell treatment has provided a new avenue for treating MS. Stem cells may enhance CNS healing and regulate immunological responses. Likewise, stem cells can come from various sources, including adipose, neuronal, bone marrow, and embryonic tissues. Choosing the optimal cell source for stem cell therapy is still a difficult verdict. A type of stem cell known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is obtainable from different sources and has a strong immunomodulatory impact on the immune system. According to mounting data, the umbilical cord and adipose tissue may serve as appropriate sources for the isolation of MSCs. Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs), as novel stem cell sources with immune-regulatory effects, regenerative properties, and decreased antigenicity, can also be thought of as a new upcoming contender for MS treatment. Overall, the administration of stem cells in different sets of animal and clinical trials has shown immunomodulatory and neuroprotective results. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the different types of stem cells by focusing on MSCs and their mechanisms, which can be used to treat and improve the outcomes of MS disease.
Flash flaming is a valid seed enhancement for a diverse range of species and seed morphologies
Authors: Ling Elvan , Masarei Monte , Guzzomi Andrew L. , Merritt David J. , Renton Michael , Erickson Todd E.
Published: December 2022

Flash flaming has shown promise as a seed enhancement technology that improves the handling properties of bulky or irregularly shaped seed material, which in turn benefits logistical and ecological aspects of large-scale direct seeding. To date, only a small number of grass species,
that possess similar morphological characteristics, have been tested. This paper describes the application of flash flaming to diaspores (i.e. the dispersal unit comprising the seed and any surrounding or attached tissues) of 19 diverse dryland species from the Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae
and Poaceae critical to ecological restoration in the mining intensive Pilbara region of Western Australia. Flash flaming parameters for each species were tested to identify and maximise volume and mass reduction, reduce particle cohesiveness and maximise flow through a mechanical seeding
device, whilst maximising germination. Flaming of all species resulted in reductions in batch volume and mass, and improvements to flow characteristics. For 17 species, flaming either benefited or did not impact on germinability. For two species in the Amaranthaceae, flaming with the settings
tested here resulted in a reduction in germinability; however, flaming enabled the diaspores to pass through a mechanical seeding device enabling mechanical distribution which is critical if the species are to be used in large scale restoration.
More efficient proof-search for sequents of temporal logic
Authors: Alonderis Romas
Published: December 2022

The present paper deals with efficiency improvement of backward proof-search of sequents of propositional linear temporal logic, using a loop-type sequent calculus. The improvement is achieved by syntactic transformation of sequents into equivalent to them simpler ones. It is proved that some formulas can be removed from sequents with no impact on their derivability.
Comparative analysis of stock price ARIMA and LSTM forecasting methods
Authors: Bielskis Aivaras , Belovas Igoris
Published: December 2022

In the work, relevant methods of stock price forecasting are applied and compared: statistical time series (ARIMA, SARIMA) and neural network-based (LSTM). The results of stock price (Amazon, Apple, Google, Netflix, and Tesla companies) simulations are evaluated using MAE and MRE measures. The conclusions obtained in the work made it possible to identify shortcomings of the approaches and specify guidelines for improvements and further research.
Statistical comparison of results of problem solutions for the fifth grade mathematics olympiads
Authors: Kanišauskienė Karolina
Published: December 2022

The article presents a comparable analysis of the results of solving problems in Šiauliai city (the 2nd Stage) mathematics olympiads for the 5th grade students throughout 2016–2019. It aims to find out whether school students selected for olympiads at different times are characteristic of similar giftedness, to ascertain that the level of difficulty of problems to be solved does not always reflect their diagnostic informativity and to try to divide schools to clusters according to students who participated in olympiads and their results.
About some Lithuanian state-level maturity examination problems in mathematics
Authors: Karikovas Erikas
Published: December 2022

The article makes observations on some of the problems in the first part of the 2014–2022 state-level maturity examination in Lithuania. It discusses solutions to such problems without and with a calculator. These observations are intended to draw attention to the problems in the test. The article aims to show that such problems do not fulfil the function of the exam – to test students' knowledge.
The existence of a triangle when its three elements are known
Authors: Mazėtis Edmundas , Melničenko Grigorijus
Published: December 2022

The problem of the existence of a triangle with respect to three given elements in some cases can be very difficult. For example, Brokard's problem about the existence of a triangle, given its three bisectors [1], has a long history [3] and solved only in 1994  [10]. We include in the number of elements: three sides, three angles, three heights, three medians, three bisectors, radii of the circumscribed and inscribed circles, and perimeter. In total, there are 186 different problems of the existence of a triangle with three given elements and for 116 problems are given sufficient conditions (for some sufficient and necessary conditions of existence) when a triangle can be construct by a compass and a ruler, and the remaining 70 problems when it is impossible to construct a triangle by a compass and a ruler. The authors list these 70 problems and indicate for which of them the necessary and sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of the existence of a triangle with three prescribed elements have found.
Some aspects of the changes in the task and results of the mathematics state maturity exam in 2012–2021
Authors: Pranaitytė Gabija , Narkevičienė Bronė
Published: December 2022

In this work, the aspects of the task of the state maturity exam in mathematics (structure and content of the program) and the change of students' achievements (difficulty of the tasks and differentiating factor) in 2012–2021 are analyzed. Between 2012 and 2021, the exam program changed once (in 2014; implemented since 2015). The changes in content were minor in all four topic areas. There were structural changes in the types of exam tasks: the number of open-ended questions increased, while the number of multiple-choice and short task questions decreased. Changes in both content and structure were reflected in some changes in outcomes of the exam. Only one statistical difference between the difficulty of the exam (2017 and 2020 exams, which were the easiest and most difficult in 2012–2021, respectively) has been observed.
Fundamental theorem of algebra
Authors: Mačys Juozas Juvencijus
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the article is to familiarize teachers and students with the fundamental theorem of algebra for real polynomials and its proof. Polynomials of small degrees are considered separately. It is showed how equations of the third and fourth degree can be solved. An algorithm for solving cubic equations is proposed.
Maculopathy secondary to accidental laser beam exposure during alexandrite laser device repair
Authors: Balyen Lokman
Published: December 2022

Lasers have become widely used in various sectors such as industrial, military, social settings, and as well as cosmetic. Laser epilation is an increasingly popular method of hair removal. However, if not used with care, it can cause serious ophthalmological and psychological disorders; this may lead to job loss and economic loss. Eye injuries in the workplace are quite common worldwide, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. The retina is the most vulnerable tissue to laser-related injury, which can lead to serious needless visual impairment. Therefore, precautions need to be taken to prevent such injuries, which could become a critical public health problem. This report relates to a 41-year-old female esthetician with unilateral maculopathy. An acute visual field defect occurred inadvertently with unplanned laser exposure while trying to repair Alexandrite laser device without any eye protection. Fundus examination, colour, red-free photography, fluorescein angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed. This report is important because it will raise awareness within both the medical and public sectors about the risks of misuse of laser epilation devices.
Translation of educational material for migrants
Authors: Asadzadeh Mehdi
Published: December 2022

Having access to a classroom where the education is being offered in their mother tongues is a non-negotiable right of the migrants. The growing number of migrants all over the world, with speedier continuum in developed countries, highlights the need for having sufficient and proper educational materials in migrants’ originating languages in host countries. To address this need, strategic planning for developing and disseminating educational material is of urgent priority. That the translation plays an undeniable role in such plan is truly undeniable, but the point to be emphasized here is that the strategists, education policy-makers of the host countries, and the translators should identify and incorporate into translation projects the most pressing educational needs of students. The emphasis would better be placed on developing materials as part of a strategic initiative to publicize education in their native languages, and reach an educational system that, while being easily integrated to hosting society aim-wise, is in full consistency with the migrant community social and cultural-wise. A comprehensive approach for selection of educational material for translation should take into account the societal, economic, religious and organizational factors that define the environment in which the translated educational material are to be provided to students. Material development would ideally be in the context of a plan that considers the significant cultural barriers that a migrant student usually encounters in the hosting society. It is one thing to say the world has a moral responsibility to protect migrant languages; it is another thing to act upon it.
Foreseeing the industrial future: aspects of the theory
Authors:   Institute of Industrial Economics of the NAS of Ukraine, Vishnevsky Valentine , Grechishkin Oleksandr ,   Accounting chamber Ukraine
Published: December 2022

The importance of foreseeing the industrial future is due to the special importance of modern industry for national competitiveness, innovation and employment, as well as the fundamental shifts taking place in the world in connection with the deployment of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. New industrialization opens up fundamentally new development opportunities associated with the integration of digital and material technologies, but at the same time creates new threats and risks for life safety, employment, environment, etc. Therefore, it is so important to engage in systematic research in this area, which should be based on an appropriate theoretical foundation. Forecasting activities in an industry are represented by various types of practices aimed at predicting the future. It has been established that the initial premise of this activity is the principle of continuity of development, the meaning of which lies in the fact that for a certain time certain aspects of the culture and institutional structure of society remain without significant changes, maintaining their continuity. In this regard, it becomes possible to identify common – and, therefore, rather long – factors (causes) and trends (consequences), that have already manifested themselves in the present and are likely to continue their action in the future. Based on the knowledge of these factors and trends, it is possible to define the patterns of future development. It was revealed that the main methods for studying the future of the economy in general and industry in particular are strategic foresighting and long-term forecasting. Both of these methods combine in that they are designed to explore the long aspects of development and establish what might happen rather than what decisions to make. And their difference lies in the fact that foresight is engaged in the construction of predominantly qualitative images of the future, the creation of anticipatory alternative scenarios for the development of events, while forecasting is usually quantitative in nature, characterizes the future, based on the regularities characteristic of a given object sphere. Both foresight and forecasting are based on the use of economic and mathematical modelling tools. But in the case of forecasting, the results of calculations are usually interpreted as information about what is expected (within confidence intervals), and in the case of foresighting, as information about possible scenarios for the development of events designed to identify new opportunities and threats to development. Given the current state of geopolitical turbulence and strategic uncertainty, in the near future in Ukraine, strategic foresight may become the most popular tool for studying the industrial future.
Modeling the influence of monetary factors on the development of national production
Authors:   The London Academy of Science and Business, Kwilinski Aleksy , Vorhach Olena ,   Institute of Industrial Economics of the NAS of Ukraine
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to defining the influence of monetary policy on the development of national production and substantiating the prospects for its monetary regulation. It has been established that in recent years the monetary policy of Ukraine has been unfavourable for the industrial development in Ukraine. The NBU, which adheres to the monetary regime of inflation targeting, pursues a relatively strict policy, in particular, maintaining the real key rate at a level above neutral and low growth rates of the real money supply. As a result, for many years the national industry has been operating in conditions of a chronic shortage of working capital and investments, which exacerbates the problems of its development. To establish the nature and strength of the influence of monetary factors on long-term economic growth in Ukraine, a new economic and mathematical model based on production functions has been developed. Its parameterization showed that national output directly depends on the increase in invested labour, and vice versa – on the increase in Hryvnia exchange rate to U.S. Dollar (discourages exports) and U.S. Dollar Index (worsens the foreign economic situation). The impact on the increase in the real money supply can also have a positive impact on the economy, but its strength depends on the growth rate of broad money (with controlled inflation). At moderate rates, typical for the basic scenario of long-term development of the Ukrainian economy, investments are not increasing as vigorously as it is necessary for accelerated growth of real GDP and incomes of citizens. An increase in the growth rate of the real money supply (up to about 15% per year), set forth in the accelerated development scenario, can provide better results. It is proved that despite the importance of monetary variables, the key factors influencing the links in the chain "real money supply – investment – industrial growth" should be sought outside the monetary sphere proper. Stable expansion of the monetary base and growth of the real money supply do matter, but they are not able to solve the fundamental problems of modernization of economic institutions, structural restructuring of the economy and overcoming technological gaps with industrialized countries. It follows from this that in Ukrainian economy in the long run it is important for the regulator to maintain stable growth of the real money supply and controlled inflation, but this will be of fundamental importance for solving the accumulated problems only if the policies of the regulator and the government are coordinated, which should create favourable conditions and form appropriate institutions to reduce the dependence of the economy on raw material exports, accelerate national technical and technological development and increase its overall level.
The real estate tax impact on economic growth
Authors:   Institute of Industrial Economics of NAS of Ukraine, Chekina Viktoriia
Published: December 2022

Defining of the tax impact on economic growth is of particular importance in the face of exacerbation of socio-economic, technological, environmental and other problems. Property taxes, as ones that have less distorting impact on taxpayers’ economic behavior, compared to the greater part of the rest of the known taxes, are attracting more and more attention of many researchers and are considered from the standpoint of a potential fiscal policy instrument in ensuring positive dynamics of economic development. The purpose of the article is to summarize modern approaches and research results on the impact of the real estate tax on economic growth in order to identify opportunities for implementation of this tax instruments to stimulate economic development. It has been established that foreign researchers are studying the impact of taxes on real estate from the standpoint of distorting the distribution of resources in the economy, changing the decisions of economic agents on investment issues, growth rates of the housing stock, leveling income inequality, increasing the stability of tax systems to external shocks, etc. It was revealed that most authors consider the real estate tax as one of the most non-distorting, which, with a properly designed taxation mechanism, has practically no negative impact on economic activity, and therefore little hinders economic growth, helping to reduce income inequality, increase employment and income, efficient use of land. As a local tax, it is most often seen in terms of financing local budgets and is a useful tool for raising revenues and managing public finances, since raising effective rates and broadening the property tax base can offset cuts in other taxes that are more distortive of economic behavior. In Ukraine, the attention of the authors is focused on increasing the role of property taxes in providing income to local jurisdictions and strengthening their financial stability. There is a significant lack of national researches on the impact of real estate tax on economic growth in Ukraine. Further research on the functioning of the real estate tax in the new conditions of changing paradigms of economic development and international relations, and on the impact of the real estate tax on economic growth in Ukraine could reveal new aspects of its use in the national tax system.
Research of mathematical methods and models of long-term industrial development
Authors:   nstitute of Industrial Economics of NAS of Ukraine, Turlakova Svitlana
Published: December 2022

The importance of the study of relevant mathematical methods and models of long-term development of the national industry is substantiated. It has been proven that causal econometric models of production are relatively simple and convenient to use in practice, as well as the most common tools for researching the long-term economic future. It was defined that the production functions, adapted to individual circumstances, proved their ability to solve the assigned tasks. However, the problem of more accurate adjustment to the features of the simulated object of research is particularly relevant in the current conditions of development of Ukraine, in the conditions of concentration of attention on certain sectors, on particular branch of industry, and in connection with the revolutionary transformations of production forces and relations, in accordance with the spread of cyber-physical technologies of the Fourth Industrial revolution.In such specific circumstances, it makes sense to ask for more sophisticated models. On the one hand, they are better, as they allow more accurate tuning of the modeled object, including by adding important factors that are outside the production system. On the other hand, they are worse because they complicate the analysis and significantly increase the number of variables needed to describe the dynamics of economic growth. In this connection, expert research methods cannot be neglected. Choosing the type of model, the range of influencing factors, possible development scenarios, etc., usually requires expert assessments (often implicit). Therefore, when analyzing long-term factors and development trends, it is important to adhere to the main methodological message of expert approaches in the construction of foresights: for long time horizons in conditions of significant uncertainty, it is appropriate to ask questions not about the calculation of the "correct future", but about the assessment of the spectrum of probable scenarios of development, expansion and rethinking its new opportunities and challenges, in particular – to avoid potentially harmful ideas and expectations, embedded in the current policy.
Managing the behavior of economic agents at enterprises with artificial intelligence tools
Authors:   Institute of Industrial Economics of the NAS of Ukraine, Lohvinenko Bohdan
Published: December 2022

The article examines the methods of managing the behavior of economic agents at enterprises with artificial intelligence tools, which allowed to obtain data on the capabilities of modern information systems (artificial intelligence), on the basis of which the behavior of economic agents is analyzed and adjusted according to the set goals of an enterprise. The conducted analysis showed that there are many artificial intelligence tools on the software market (software, mobile applications, websites, chatbots, etc.) that work on the basis of methods of managing the behavior of economic agents, the capabilities of which allow an enterprise to arrange the working process much more efficiently. Therefore, after analyzing modern artificial intelligence tools for managing the behavior of economic agents, the possibilities, advantages and disadvantages of artificial intelligence tools were revealed, including: the impossibility of integrating them into existing personnel management systems at enterprises, the lack of a sufficient technical base for the introduction of tools into the personnel management process, and the feasibility of using tools in general. A general methodical scheme for managing the behavior of economic agents at the enterprise has been formed, which is distinguished by the presence of an iterative procedure of differentiated influence on the factors and properties of the behavior of determining agents, with a mechanism for assessing the degree of influence of regulatory influences on the basis of feedback, i.e. such management decisions are formed that economically beneficial to an enterprise and do not violate the rights and interests of economic agents themselves. Investigated methods of managing the behavior of economic agents at enterprises using artificial intelligence tools allowed to obtain data on the capabilities of modern information systems, on the basis of which it is possible to analyze the behavior of economic agents and adjust it according to the set goals of the enterprise. It is outlined that a promising direction of research is the study of issues of interaction between subjects and objects of economic relations, and it is proposed to build an own system for managing the behavior of economic agents at enterprises using artificial intelligence, which would include all the necessary tools for effective interaction with economic agents on the enterprise.
Resources and mechanisms of the post-war reconstruction of West Germany (1945–1962)
Authors:   State Institution “Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine”, Suprun Natalia
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to the definition of the most effective resources and mechanisms of the post-war reconstruction of Germany (1945–1962). The study was carried out on the basis of a comparison of the effectiveness and role of the management measures of the occupation authorities, the mechanisms of the Marshall Plan and the economic reforms of the German government in the restoration and further economic rise of Germany. This question is considered in the context of the study of the mutual influence of antagonistic economic doctrines (planning-directive and neoliberal) and a comparative analysis of the doctrinal approaches of the occupation authorities and the national government, which determined the configuration of their interaction and the leading mechanisms of post-war reconstruction in Germany. The article shows that despite large-scale American financial and organizational assistance within the Marshall Plan, the framework conditions for successful transformations were laid by the effective policy of the German government, which was directed at ensuring national interests and realizing the competitive advantages of national production. It was determined that the institutional basis of the economic reforms of the German government of K. Adenauer was the liberalization of the economy and the development of the model of the social market economy, the initiator of the implementation of which was the Minister of National Economy, and later the Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany L. Erhard. One of the basic components of economic liberalization reforms was the large-scale deregulation of business, which provided for the removal of most blocking regulations and the creation of stimulating norms for the development of private entrepreneurship, in particular, the liberalization of tax and credit instruments. The strategic direction of the government's reform policy was determined to be the modernization of the national economy, which included support for the development of strategically important industries and renewal of industrial production. The effectiveness of economic reforms was ensured by a clearly defined vision of building a national model of the social market economy, doctrinal stability and political consistency of the government's course.