bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of xanthan gum in wheat‐highland barley dough and noodle quality
Authors: Xu Jingwen , Liu Lu , Li Xianghe , Zhao Renyong , Zhao Yong , Xu Xuebing
Published: September 2022

Xanthan gum (XG) (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%) has been added to wheat‐highland barley noodle (WHBN, 50:50) for improving noodle texture and quality. The structural, rheological, gelatinization, cooking, and textural properties of WHBN were studied. XRD results showed increased addition of XG reduced the relative crystallinity of WHBN. Increased XG in WHBN enhanced the peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown value, final viscosity, and setback, whereas decreased the pasting temperature of WHBN. Rheological studies showed the addition of XG increased the storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) of WHBN dough. Water uptake of noodles was increased from 140.42% (WHBN) to 154.10% (WHBN‐1.5%XG), whereas, cooking loss was reduced from 8.84% to 7.45% correspondingly. Textural profile analysis exhibited 1.5%XG addition increased the hardness of WHBN from 365.43 to 1063.29 g. Overall, 1.5%XG addition to WHBN appeared to be the most viable for improving structural, rheological, pasting, textural, and cooking qualities of WHBN.

Practical applications

This study showed the improving effect of xanthan gum on wheat‐highland barley noodle regarding to structural, rheological, gelatinization, cooking, and textural properties.
Estimation of extreme rainfall quantiles at ungauged sites in the Loess Plateau, China by regional frequency analysis
Authors: Zhang Jingru , Zhang Hongbo , Singh Vijay P. , Shao Shuting , Ding Hao , Wu Yanrui
Published: September 2022

An increase in the frequency of extreme rainfall events has caused more severe floods than before under the influence of climate change, and is receiving a lot of attention in data‐scarce areas like the Loess Plateau, especially in some small basins without hydrometeorological data, and to avert the risk of disaster needs the estimation of extreme rainfall quantiles. In this study, generalized additive models (GAM) are combined with a nonlinear canonical correlation analysis (NLCCA) procedure to estimate extreme rainfall quantiles at ungauged sites in the Wei River basin on the Loess Plateau. Also, the single inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation, NLCCA‐backpropagation (BP), and NLCCA‐radial basis function (RBF) models were used as comparative methods for testing the efficiency of the NLCCA‐GAM model. Because meteorological data are generally lacking in rainfall‐ungauged basins, data at ungauged sites was interpolated by IDW interpolation when NLCCA delineated homogeneous regions. Results of validation indicated that maximum daily rainfall quantiles in the Loess Plateau were well estimated by NLCCA‐GAM‐based regional frequency analysis, implying the NLCCA‐GAM is a useful tool for estimating design extreme rainfall in ungauged basins. Results of comparison demonstrated that NLCCA‐GAM was more robust and better reflected the nonlinear relationship between explanatory and response variables in the region than did comparative approaches. In addition, it was found that the NLCCA‐GAM approach made full use of the data from sites in homogeneous regions to mine the valuable nonlinear correlation between ungauged and gauged sites and estimate extreme rainfall quantiles at ungauged sites.
Treatment preferences among adults with normal cognition and cognitive impairment
Authors: Owsley Kelsey M. , Langa Kenneth M. , Macis Mario , Nicholas Lauren Hersch
Published: September 2022

Background

Although patient participation in treatment decisions is important for preference‐concordant care delivery, it is largely unknown how cognitive impairment influences treatment preferences. We investigated whether treatment preferences for the care of serious illness differ between adults with and without cognitive impairment in hypothetical clinical scenarios.

Methods

Data from the 2018 Health and Retirement Study were used. The sample included 1291 self‐respondents (201 respondents with cognitive impairment, and 1090 with normal cognition). We examined treatment preferences for life‐extending, limited, and comfort care options in two hypothetical clinical scenarios where the respondent imagines a patient with (1) good physical health with severe cognitive impairment consistent with dementia; and (2) with physical impairment due to a heart attack, but normal cognition. Respondents specified whether they were unsure, or if they would want or not want each treatment option. Linear probability models were used to compare treatment preferences by cognitive status.

Results

Respondents with cognitive impairment were more likely to report that they were unsure about treatment options across both clinical scenarios compared to those with normal cognition. For the limited treatment option, cognitive impairment was associated with a lower rate of expressing a treatment preference by 7.3 (p = 0.070) and 8.5 (p = 0.035) percentage points for dementia and heart attack scenarios, respectively. Among those who articulated preferences, cognitive impairment was associated with a higher rate of preference for life‐extending treatment in both dementia (30.1% vs. 20.0%, p = 0.044) and heart attack scenarios (30.0% vs. 20.2%, p = 0.033).

Conclusions

Compared to those with normal cognition, cognitive impairment was associated with greater uncertainty about treatment preferences and higher rates of aggressive care preferences among those who specified preferences. Further research should assess whether preferences for aggressive care become more common as cognition declines in order to improve preference‐concordant care delivery for patients with cognitive impairment.
Mechanistic stoichiometric relationship between the rates of neurotransmission and neuronal glucose oxidation: Reevaluation of and alternatives to the pseudo‐malate‐aspartate shuttle model
Authors: Rothman Douglas L. , Behar Kevin L. , Dienel Gerald A.
Published: September 2022

The ~1:1 stoichiometry between the rates of neuronal glucose oxidation (CMRglc‐ox–N) and glutamate (Glu)/γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐glutamine (Gln) neurotransmitter (NT) cycling between neurons and astrocytes (VNTcycle) has been firmly established. However, the mechanistic basis for this relationship is not fully understood, and this knowledge is critical for the interpretation of metabolic and brain imaging studies in normal and diseased brain. The pseudo‐malate‐aspartate shuttle (pseudo‐MAS) model established the requirement for glycolytic metabolism in cultured glutamatergic neurons to produce NADH that is shuttled into mitochondria to support conversion of extracellular Gln (i.e., astrocyte‐derived Gln in vivo) into vesicular neurotransmitter Glu. The evaluation of this model revealed that it could explain half of the 1:1 stoichiometry and it has limitations. Modifications of the pseudo‐MAS model were, therefore, devised to address major knowledge gaps, that is, submitochondrial glutaminase location, identities of mitochondrial carriers for Gln and other model components, alternative mechanisms to transaminate α‐ketoglutarate to form Glu and shuttle glutamine‐derived ammonia while maintaining mass balance. All modified models had a similar 0.5 to 1.0 predicted mechanistic stoichiometry between VNTcycle and the rate of glucose oxidation. Based on studies of brain β‐hydroxybutyrate oxidation, about half of CMRglc‐ox–N may be linked to glutamatergic neurotransmission and localized in pre‐synaptic structures that use pseudo‐MAS type mechanisms for Glu‐Gln cycling. In contrast, neuronal compartments that do not participate in transmitter cycling may use the MAS to sustain glucose oxidation. The evaluation of subcellular compartmentation of neuronal glucose metabolism in vivo is a critically important topic for future studies to understand glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission.

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Hybridisation and chloroplast capture between distinct Themeda triandra lineages in Australia
Authors: Dunning Luke T. , Olofsson Jill K. , Papadopulos Alexander S. T. , Hibdige Samuel G. S. , Hidalgo Oriane , Leitch Ilia J. , Baleeiro Paulo C. , Ntshangase Sinethemba , Barker Nigel , Jobson Richard W.
Published: September 2022

Ecotypes are distinct populations within a species that are adapted to specific environmental conditions. Understanding how these ecotypes become established, and how they interact when reunited, is fundamental to elucidating how ecological adaptations are maintained. This study focuses on Themeda triandra, a dominant grassland species across Asia, Africa and Australia. It is the most widespread plant in Australia, where it has distinct ecotypes that are usually restricted to either wetter and cooler coastal regions or the drier and hotter interior. We generate a reference genome for T. triandra and use whole genome sequencing for over 80 Themeda accessions to reconstruct the evolutionary history of T. triandra and related taxa. Organelle phylogenies confirm that Australia was colonized by T. triandra twice, with the division between ecotypes predating their arrival in Australia. The nuclear genome provides evidence of differences in the dominant ploidal level and gene‐flow among the ecotypes. In northern Queensland there appears to be a hybrid zone between ecotypes with admixed nuclear genomes and shared chloroplast haplotypes. Conversely, in the cracking claypans of Western Australia, there is cytonuclear discordance with individuals possessing the coastal chloroplast and interior clade nuclear genome. This chloroplast capture is potentially a result of adaptive introgression, with selection detected in the rpoC2 gene which is associated with water use efficiency. The reason that T. triandra is the most widespread plant in Australia appears to be a result of distinct ecotypic genetic variation and genome duplication, with the importance of each depending on the geographic scale considered.
Secretory membrane traffic in plant–microbe interactions
Authors: Yun Hye Sup , Sul Woo Jun , Chung Hoo Sun , Lee Jae‐Hoon , Kwon Chian
Published: September 2022

Plant defense responses include the extracellular release of defense‐related molecules, such as pathogenesis‐related proteins and secondary metabolites, as well as cell wall materials. This primarily depends on the trafficking of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane, where they discharge their contents into the apoplastic space via soluble N‐ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor‐assisted exocytosis. However, some pathogenic and symbiotic microbes have developed strategies to manipulate host plant exocytic pathways. Here, we discuss the mechanisms by which plant exocytic pathways function in immunity and how microbes have evolved to manipulate those pathways.
Gravity sensing and responses in the coordination of the shoot gravitropic setpoint angle
Authors: Kawamoto Nozomi , Morita Miyo Terao
Published: September 2022

Gravity is one of the fundamental environmental cues that affect plant development. Indeed, the plant architecture in the shoots and roots is modulated by gravity. Stems grow vertically upward, whereas lateral organs, such as the lateral branches in shoots, tend to grow at a specific angle according to a gravity vector known as the gravitropic setpoint angle (GSA). During this process, gravity is sensed in specialised gravity‐sensing cells named statocytes, which convert gravity information into biochemical signals, leading to asymmetric auxin distribution and driving asymmetric cell division/expansion in the organs to achieve gravitropism. As a hypothetical offset mechanism against gravitropism to determine the GSA, the anti‐gravitropic offset (AGO) has been proposed. According to this concept, the GSA is a balance of two antagonistic growth components, that is gravitropism and the AGO. Although the nature of the AGO has not been clarified, studies have suggested that gravitropism and the AGO share a common gravity‐sensing mechanism in statocytes. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying gravitropism as well as the hypothetical AGO in the control of the GSA.
Guardians of the phloem – forisomes and beyond
Authors: Noll Gundula A. , Furch Alexandra C. U. , Rose Judith , Visser Franziska , Prüfer Dirk
Published: September 2022

The phloem is a highly specialized vascular tissue that forms a fundamentally important transport and signaling pathway in plants. It is therefore a system worth protecting. The main function of the phloem is to transport the products of photosynthesis throughout the whole plant, but it also transports soluble signaling molecules and propagates electrophysiological signals. The phloem is constantly threatened by mechanical injuries, phloem‐sucking pests and parasites, and the spread of pathogens, which has led to the evolution of efficient defense mechanisms. One such mechanism involves structural phloem proteins, which are thought to facilitate sieve element occlusion following injury and to defend the plant against pathogens. In leguminous plants, specialized structural phloem proteins known as forisomes form unique mechanoproteins via sophisticated molecular interaction and assembly mechanisms, thus enabling reversible sieve element occlusion. By understanding the structure and function of forisomes and other structural phloem proteins, we can develop a toolbox for biotechnological applications in material science and medicine. Furthermore, understanding the involvement of structural phloem proteins in plant defense mechanisms will allow phloem engineering as a new strategy for the development of crop varieties that are resistant to pests, pathogens and parasites.
Health insurance system and resilience to epidemics
Authors: Hong Jimin , Seog Sung Hun
Published: September 2022

We theoretically analyze the resilience (efficiency) of health insurance systems and diverse factors including trace and test technology, infection and contagion rates, and social distancing/lockdown policy, in coping with contagious diseases like COVID‐19. Our findings can be summarized as follows. First, public insurance is more resilient than market insurance, as the former's investment in test technology is made at the social optimum, whereas the latter's investment is less. The decentralized behavior of competing insurers leads to a less resilient outcome. Second, resilience decreases as the market becomes more competitive because the externality effect becomes more severe. Third, a higher contagion rate, a more cost‐efficient test technology or a higher initial infection rate unless it is not too high, leads to a higher test accuracy level. Fourth, the socially optimal social distancing/lockdown policy is determined by comparison between its relative costs and the benefit from contagion reduction.
Estimating the general equilibrium effects of services trade liberalization
Authors: Reverdy Camille
Published: September 2022

The intangible nature of services and the lack of disaggregated trade data increase the difficulties involved in assessing the impediments to cross‐border trade in services. In an attempt to reduce the information gap existing in services trade, this article estimates the impact of trade barriers along with the conditional and general equilibrium responses to the partial liberalization of services trade, using structural gravity. Using data collected by the OECD, I find that the level of restrictiveness applied by an importing country has a negative and significant impact on trade; however, this impact is heterogeneous across services sectors. By focusing on eight services sectors, I find that the partial liberalization of services trade will cause real income to increase by, on average, 4.8%. The most restrictive countries are the largest winners of the partial liberalization of services trade, benefiting from the availability of less expensive sources and an increase in their attractiveness as a source.
Archipelagic geographies, civil society, and global development
Authors: Peck Sarah
Published: September 2022

Civil society is seen as a key actor within and for global development. However, spatial representations of civil society within the global development landscape are dominated by scale, place, and verticality, neglecting more relational understandings of civic participation. Engaging with archipelagic thinking, drawn from the work of Édouard Glissant, Derek Walcott, and others, this paper makes a case for thinking about civil society through archipelagic relational ontologies. By employing an archipelagic lens to empirical material from research with civil society groups in Barbados and Grenada, the paper explores the relational creativity and metamorphic transformations that are part of civil society action. Utilising an archipelagic lens to think about civil society organising emphasises how civil society activity is produced, performed, and operationalised through creative relational arrangements that span (and contest) dominant spatial categories. For civil society actors this ‘metamorphic creativity’ – the crafting of these relations, the bringing together of ‘bits and pieces’, and the transforming and reworking of these relations to produce new forms and spaces of civic activity – is key to sustaining civil society and their own civic identities. This illustrates the creative, yet fragile nature of civil society, concluding that through these metamorphic relations civil society actors foster new civic spaces and identities, yet civil society simultaneously may also be constituted through, and potentially (re)produce (new) hierarchies of power.
How do we improve blood product administration audit rates
Authors: Morrow Jessica L. , Szydlowski Pitman Jessica , Elliott Ryland , Simmons Virginia C.
Published: September 2022

Background

Failure to comply with institutional and national standards for blood product administration poses patient safety risks. Monitoring adherence to blood product administration policy is important for maintaining patient safety and ensuring regulatory agency compliance.

Study Design and Methods

This post‐implementation quality improvement project evaluated an electronic paging system that was developed to facilitate perioperative blood product administration audits.

Results

Of the 57 audits conducted, 55 (96.5%) audits were fully completed. Anesthesia providers verified the patient name and medical record number (MRN) on the patient's armband with the product ID tag in 36.5% (n = 20) of audits. Anesthesia providers ensured the name and MRN on the armband matched the compatibility label on the blood product in 23% (n = 23) of audits.

Discussion

Ongoing surveillance of blood product administration practices is needed to monitor adherence to blood product administration policy, promote patient safety, and avoid imminent financial consequences from noncompliance to national regulatory standards.
THE CONTENTIOUS COMPATIBILITY OF EVOLUTION AND DESIGN: INTRODUCTION TO THE BOOK SYMPOSIUM
Authors: Ardern Zachary
Published: September 2022

In the recent book The Compatibility of Evolution and Design, E. V. R. Kojonen argues that a biological design inference is still possible in light of mainstream evolutionary theory and that evolution and design need not be in explanatory tension. This collection of essays is the product of a symposium held in March 2022, which interacted with the claims of the book. Contributors come from diverse academic backgrounds across philosophy, science, and theology, and both critique and extend Kojonen's argument. Here, each contribution is introduced along with some important connections between them and key questions which remain open.
AlGaN nanowire deep ultraviolet LEDs with polarization enhanced tunnel junction and p-AlGaN layer by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Vafadar Mohammad Fazel , Zhao Songrui
Published: September 2022

In this work, we report the growth, fabrication, and characterization of aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) nanowire deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes with a polarization engineered tunnel junction (TJ) and p-AlGaN layer. The major takeaway from this study is: first, devices emitting at around 250 nm with a maximum external quantum efficiency of around 0.01% are demonstrated. Second, the effect of the electric polarization field in the n+-Al0.1Ga0.9N/GaN/p+-Al0.1Ga0.9N TJ due to the incorporation of the GaN layer is observed by comparing the current-voltage (I–V) characteristics of devices with different GaN thicknesses. The incorporation of the GaN layer improves the I–V characteristics due to the improved tunneling process originating from the band bending induced by the polarization charges at GaN and AlGaN heterointerfaces. Third, the role of the graded p-AlGaN layer on the device's electrical performance is also elucidated. It is found that the graded p-AlGaN layer plays a significant role in improving the device electrical performance. Finally, the improved device electrical performance also transfers to the device optical performance.
Using Genomes and Evolutionary Analyses to Screen for Host-Specificity and Positive Selection in the Plant Pathogen Xylella fastidiosa
Authors: Batarseh Tiffany N. , Morales-Cruz Abraham , Ingel Brian , Roper M. Caroline , Gaut Brandon S.
Published: September 2022

Xylella fastidiosa
causes devasting diseases to several critical crops. Because
X. fastidiosa
colonizes and infects many plant species, it is important to understand whether the genome of
X. fastidiosa
has genetic determinants that underlie specialization to specific host plants.
HIV-1 Preintegration Complex Preferentially Integrates the Viral DNA into Nucleosomes Containing Trimethylated Histone 3-Lysine 36 Modification and Flanking Linker DNA
Authors: Sapp Nicklas , Burge Nathaniel , Cox Khan , Prakash Prem , Balasubramaniam Muthukumar , Thapa Santosh , Christensen Devin , Li Min , Linderberger Jared , Kvaratskhelia Mamuka , Pandhare Jui , Craigie Robert , Poirier Michael G. , Dash Chandravanu
Published: September 2022

HIV-1 infection is dependent on integration of the viral DNA into the host chromosomes. The preintegration complex (PIC) containing the viral DNA, the virally encoded integrase (IN) enzyme, and other viral/host factors carries out HIV-1 integration.
Genome Sequences of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus SAT1 Strains Purified from Coinfected Cape Buffalo in Kenya
Authors: Palinski Rachel M. , Sangula Abraham , Gakuya Francis , Bertram Miranda R. , Pauszek Steven J. , Hartwig Ethan J. , Smoliga George R. , Obanda Vincent , Omondi George P. , VanderWaal Kimberly , Arzt Jonathan
Published: September 2022

Nearly complete genomes of 49 novel foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) SAT1 strains acquired from oropharyngeal fluid samples from asymptomatic African Cape buffalo in Kenya in 2016 were determined. Sequences were from primary passage or plaque-purified dually SAT1/SAT2-infected samples. These sequences are important for elucidation of the molecular epidemiology of persistent and subclinical FMDV infections.
Naturally Acquired Kelch13 Mutations in Plasmodium falciparum Strains Modulate
In Vitro
Ring-Stage Artemisinin-Based Drug Tolerance and Parasite Survival in Response to Hyperoxia
Authors: Duffy Sandra , Avery Vicky M.
Published: September 2022

Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for treating malaria is under intense scrutiny following treatment failures in the Greater Mekong subregion of Asia. This is further compounded by the potential for extensive loss of life if treatment failures extend to the African continent.
Boid Inclusion Body Disease Is Also a Disease of Wild Boa Constrictors
Authors: Alfaro-Alarcón Alejandro , Hetzel Udo , Smura Teemu , Baggio Francesca , Morales Juan Alberto , Kipar Anja , Hepojoki Jussi
Published: September 2022

The literature describes cases of boid inclusion body disease (BIBD) in captive snakes since the 1970s, and in the 2010s, others and ourselves identified reptarenaviruses as the causative agent. BIBD affects captive snakes globally, but the origin and the natural host of reptarenaviruses remain unknown.
Spontaneous Isomerization [trans-B20H18]2– → [iso-B20H18]2– during Cobalt(II) Complexation with Phenanthroline
Authors: Avdeeva V. V. , Kubasov A. S. , Korolenko S. E. , Goeva L. V. , Malinina E. A. , Kuznetsov N. T.
Published: September 2022

In this work, the cobalt(II) complexation with 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen) in the presence of the [trans-B20H18]2– anion has been studied. At a Co : Phen = 1 : 2 ratio in acetonitrile, a binuclear cobalt(II) complex with bridging chlorine atoms and the boron cluster anion as a counterion [(Phen)2Co(µ-Cl)2Co(Phen)2][trans-B20H18] has been isolated. However, during slow crystallization (within a month), spontaneous isomerization of [trans-B20H18]2– into [iso-B20H18]2– is observed. It has been established by X-ray diffraction analysis that in the crystal of the final compound [(Phen)2Co(µ-Cl)2Co(Phen)2][trans-B20H18]1/3[iso-B20H18]2/3, co-crystallization of both isomeric forms of the octadecahydroeicosaborate anion is observed for the first time. The presence of the iso form of the boron cluster anion is also confirmed by IR spectroscopy data: the spectrum of the product shows a band of stretching vibrations of the BHB bridge groups at 1773 cm–1, which is absent in the trans-form of the boron cluster.
Study of Spin-Crossover in Iron(II) Complexes with 2,6-Bis(4,5-Dimethyl-1H-Imidazol-2-yl)Pyridine and closo-Borate Anions
Authors: Ivanova A. D. , Lavrenova L. G. , Korotaev E. V. , Trubina S. V. , Tikhonov A. Ya. , Kriventsov V. V. , Petrov S. A. , Zhizhin K. Yu. , Kuznetsov N. T.
Published: September 2022

New iron(II) coordination compounds with 2,6-bis(4,5-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyridine (L) andcloso-borate(2–) anions [FeL2]B10H10⋅2H2O and [FeL2]B12H12⋅H2O have been synthesized. The compounds have been identified and studied by CHN analysis, electron spectroscopy (diffuse reflection spectroscopy), IR, Mössbauer, and EXAFS spectroscopies, X-ray powder diffraction, and static magnetic susceptibility. The structures of the coordination knots of complexes [FeL2]B10H10⋅2H2O and [FeL2]B12H12⋅H2O has been obtained by modeling the EXAFS spectra. The ligand is coordinated by the iron(II) ion in a tridentate-cyclic manner by two nitrogen atoms of imidazole cycles and a nitrogen atom of pyridine to form the FeN6coordination knot. The study of the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility in the range of 80–500 K has showed that the high-temperature spin-crossover1А1↔5Т2manifests itself in the obtained compounds.
Erratum to: Experimental Study of the Solubility of Natural Tantalite and Pyrochlore and Tantalum and Niobium Oxides in Hydrothermal Fluoride–Chloride Solutions
Authors: Kotova N. P. , Korzhinskaya V. S. , Shapovalov Yu. B.
Published: September 2022

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X22340025
Effect of CFRP layers on the behavior of shear-strengthened RC-beams: U-wrapping versus full wrapping
Authors: Samb Ndongo , Chaallal Omar , El-Saikaly Georges
Published: September 2022

The practice of externally bonded (EB) carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) fabrics for structural strengthening increasingly shows evidence of effectiveness for the rehabilitation of existing structures. However, debonding of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP), particularly in shear, is still a major premature failure mode when using FRP sheets to strengthen concrete structures. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of the performance of full-scale reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened in shear using EB-FRP U-wrapping (UW) and full wrapping (FW) with different fabric thicknesses. Full wrapping is used mostly on columns with all sides accessible and does not generally apply to beams. The main objectives of this study are to optimize FRP capacity and to evaluate the effect of confinement and the effectiveness of FRP using different strengthening configurations for RC beams, such as FW and UW. The results obtained in this study reveal that fully wrapped beams exhibit enhanced CFRP contribution to shear resistance compared to U-wrapped beams. In addition, the FW configuration eliminated the CFRP debonding failure mode and resulted in an increase in concrete strain.
DCM–RPL: A Distributed Competition Mobility Management Scheme for RPL/6LoWPAN
Authors: Pu Chenggen , Zou Zhimou , Wang Ping , Wang Maosheng , Yang Zhao , Chen Junhua
Published: September 2022

The IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) as a reliable and energy-efficient routing mechanism has become the de facto standard routing protocol of IPv6 over Low-powered Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN). However, it is designed for static wireless sensor networks and is not suitable for mobile scenarios. When mobile nodes (MNs) exist in the 6LoWPAN network, repeated link disruptions and topology changes lead to data packets loss and affect network stability. An increasing number of mobile applications force the improvement of RPL protocols for supporting mobility. In this study, a distributed competition and mobility-aware RPL routing protocol (DCM–RPL) is proposed to carry out mobility management and alleviate the network burden in the mobile scenario. A new preferred parent-discovering mechanism for MNs based on a distributed competition algorithm integrated with Objective Function is designed, which can dramatically reduce power consumption in the new parent node (PN)-discovering phase. To reduce data loss during the node-moving process, a packet-caching mechanism is proposed in the PN update phase. Finally, test-beds are set up and simulated in the Cooja simulator. Comparing the performance of the DCM–RPL in terms of switching delay, energy consumption, and PDR with the RPL and its mobility-aware variant (mRPL and EC–MRPL); the simulation results show that the proposed scheme maintains efficiency.
Nonisolated Boost Converter with New Active Snubber Structure and Energy Recovery Capability
Authors: Sharifiyana Omid , Dehghani Majid , Shahgholian Ghazanfar , Mirtalaei Sayyed Mohammad Mehdi , Jabbari Masoud
Published: September 2022

The boost converters have become one of the most important part of renewable energy plants. The two parameters of boost converters, high voltage gain and high efficiency, have received more attention. In this paper, a boost converter with high voltage gain and high efficiency was used. The proposed topology is a boost converter with high transmission power and reduced voltage stress on the converter components, especially voltage stress on the main switch of the converter. This boost converter has a high efficiency using a new loss reduction technique called active snubber circuit with energy recovery. The proposed nonisolated topology converter was designed with a power of about 500[Formula: see text]W, an input voltage of 48[Formula: see text]V and an output voltage of 380[Formula: see text]V and efficiency of more than 97%. The simulation results of the proposed converter showed different modes of the boost converter. A laboratory model was constructed and the claims of the proposed boost converter were proved.
IMPLEMENTATION OF MULTI-FOLDED TORUS ATTRACTORS VIA A PIECEWISE SYSTEM WITH A PIECEWISE LINEAR ODD FUNCTION
Authors: DOUNGMO GOUFO EMILE FRANC
Published: September 2022

Among the family of multi-scroll chaotic attractors, we have the multi-folded torus chaotic attractor. Concerns were raised among applied scientists on how to control, merge, split or modify the whole or parts of these multi-folded torus attractors in their implementation processes while conserving the same circuit diagram and the same system of differential equations. In this paper, we strive to address these concerns by using the piecewise process, that is, applying to the modified multi-folded torus system, the piecewise derivative made of the fractal-fractional and classical derivatives. A modified piecewise linear odd function is also used in the process. The modified model is first solved numerically thanks to the wavelet method and numerical simulations are performed. The results show the progressive transformation of the initial multi-folded torus attractors into stretched or reduced multi-folded torus attractors. However, the chaotic state of the system is preserved by the piecewise modification.
On the Abelian categories of cofinite modules
Authors: Bahmanpour Kamal
Published: September 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative Noetherian ring and [Formula: see text] be an ideal of [Formula: see text] such that the [Formula: see text]-modules [Formula: see text] are [Formula: see text]-cofinite, for all finitely generated [Formula: see text]-modules [Formula: see text] and all [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we investigate a question of Hartshorne concerning the Abelianness of the category of all [Formula: see text]-cofinite modules.
AN EFFECTIVE ACTION RECOGNITION APPROACH USED IN PHYSICAL EXERCISE FOR COPD PATIENTS
Authors: FAN CHUNJIANG , LU BIAO , REN JIAN , LI FENG , SHI MINHUA
Published: September 2022

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of computer vision-based respiratory rehabilitation. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the primary respiratory diseases worldwide. Recently, image-capturing devices are increasingly used for physical therapy during rehabilitation treatment. Among these technologies, Action recognition plays a critical role in physical exercise and rehabilitation evaluation. This study aimed to propose an action series of a respiratory training program consisting of six actions. A video camera was placed in front of the participants to record their movements. Then, a hybrid algorithm combined with a convolution neural network and long short-term memory models was employed for action recognition from a video recording. The results indicated that the model achieved a reliable classification level of 82.35% on six actions. This demonstrated the validity of the proposed approach for multi-category action recognition. It was effective for action evaluation without medical guidance under home-based rehabilitation. Furthermore, the model for weight estimation was light-weight, with no need to consider the processing time.
Optimization of manufacturers based on agent in cloud manufacturing
Authors: Hu Yanjuan , Shi Chao , Lv Wenjun , Liu Yongkui , Wang Vincent Xi
Published: September 2022

Manufacturing enterprise management mode from the traditional manufacturing production gradually transformed into service-oriented manufacturing in cloud manufacturing. As a carrier for manufacturing resources and manufacturing capabilities, the manufacturer directly affects the advantages and disadvantages of cloud manufacturing services. Therefore, manufacturer optimization has received increasing attention. This paper studies the problem of manufacturer optimization in cloud manufacturing environment, analyzes the 11 kinds of factors which affect the service quality of the manufacturer, meanwhile, it establishes the evaluation indexes system and objective function, optimization algorithm for solving the objective function, and then, it proposes optimization algorithm for solving the objective function, realizes the optimal selection of manufacturers under different demands. The simulation results show that the established evaluation indexes system can display the manufacturing resources and capabilities more fully. Based on the evaluation indexes system model, all the factors that influence the optimization of the manufacturer can be combined together, and the complex optimization problem can be transformed into the mathematical problem. The algorithm can be used to select the best manufacturer under different requirements, and to provide the best service for users.
Numerical solution of the three-asset Black–Scholes option pricing model using an efficient hybrid method
Authors: Delpasand Razieh , Hosseini Mohammad Mehdi
Published: September 2022

In this paper, a numerical method for solving three-asset Black–Scholes partial differential equation is presented. The model is based on the Crank–Nicolson and the radial basis function methods. Also, the convergency of the proposed method is proved. Implementation of the proposed method is specially studied on cash-or-nothing option. The numerical results show the efficiency and high accuracy of the proposed method.
Methods for Analyzing Medical-Order Sequence Variants in Sequential Pattern Mining for Electronic Medical Record Systems
Authors: Le Hieu Hanh , Yamada Tatsuhiro , Honda Yuichi , Sakamoto Takatoshi , Matsuo Ryosuke , Yamazaki Tomoyoshi , Araki Kenji , Yokota Haruo
Published: September 2022

Electronic medical record systems have been adopted by many large hospitals worldwide, enabling the recorded data to be analyzed by various computer-based techniques to gain a better understanding of hospital-based disease treatments. Among such techniques, sequential pattern mining, already widely used for data mining and knowledge discovery in other application domains, has shown great potential for discovering frequent patterns in sequences of disease treatments. However, studies have yet to evaluate the use of
medical-order sequence variants
, where a “frequent pattern” can include some limited variations to the pattern, or have considered the factors that lead to these variants. Such a study would be meaningful for medical tasks such as improving the quality of a particular treatment method, comparing treatments with multiple hospitals, recommending the best-suited treatment for each patient, and optimizing the running costs in hospitals. This article proposes methods for evaluating medical-order sequence variants and understanding variant factors based on a statistical approach. We consider the safety and efficiency of sequences and related information about the variants, such as gender, age, and test results from hospitals. Our proposal has been demonstrated as effective by experimentally evaluating an electronic medical record system’s real dataset and obtaining feedback from medical workers. The experimental results indicate that the medical treatment history and specimen test results after hospitalization are significant in identifying the factors that lead to variants.
Binsec/Rel: Symbolic Binary Analyzer for Security with Applications to Constant-Time and Secret-Erasure
Authors: Daniel Lesly-Ann , Bardin Sébastien , Rezk Tamara
Published: September 2022

This article tackles the problem of designing efficient binary-level verification for a subset of information flow properties encompassing
constant-time
and
secret-erasure
. These properties are crucial for cryptographic implementations but are generally not preserved by compilers. Our proposal builds on relational symbolic execution enhanced with new optimizations dedicated to information flow and binary-level analysis, yielding a dramatic improvement over prior work based on symbolic execution. We implement a prototype,
Binsec/Rel
, for bug-finding and bounded-verification of constant-time and secret-erasure and perform extensive experiments on a set of 338 cryptographic implementations, demonstrating the benefits of our approach. Using
Binsec/Rel
, we also automate two prior manual studies on preservation of constant-time and secret-erasure by compilers for a total of 4,148 and 1,156 binaries, respectively. Interestingly, our analysis highlights incorrect usages of volatile data pointer for secret-erasure and shows that scrubbing mechanisms based on
volatile function pointers
can introduce additional register spilling that might break secret-erasure. We also discovered that
gcc -O0
and backend passes of
clang
introduce violations of constant-time in implementations that were previously deemed secure by a state-of-the-art constant-time verification tool operating at LLVM level, showing the importance of reasoning at binary level.
Effect of Graphite Exfoliation Way on the Efficiency of Exfoliated Graphene for the Determination of Hydroxychloroquine in Urine and Waste Water
Authors: Matrouf M. , Loudiki A. , Ouatmane F.Z. , Chhaibi B. , Alaoui O. Tahiri , Laghrib F. , Farahi A. , Bakasse M. , Lahrich S. , EL Mhammedi M. A.
Published: September 2022

Graphene oxide (GO) electrodeposited on graphite electrode has been used as a sensor for the detection of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). It was synthesized via a simple and low-cost electrochemical approach by exfoliation of graphite pencil core in aqueous solution of Na2SO4 using a direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC), then electrodeposited at the graphite electrode surface by cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical performance of the DC−GO and AC−GO toward HCQ oxidation was tested. Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were characterized by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy (UV–vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used to study the HCQ oxidation mechanism as well as electron transfer and HCQ quantification at the modified electrode AC−rGO@CPE, respectively. Parameters, such as potential range, scan rate, and the number of segments (half cycle) in cyclic voltammetry were optimized for the electrodeposition of GO. The AC−rGO@CPE shows good sensitivity toward HCQ in the range from 4.0 × 10−7 to 4.0 × 10−6 mol l−1. The detection limit was calculated to be 3.2 × 10−8 mol l−1 with an RSD of 3.47%. Furthermore, the modified electrode was successfully used to detect HCQ in human urine and wastewater.
On the Possibility of Exploring Tip-Molecule Interactions with STM Experiments
Authors: Schiel Christoph , Rahe Philipp , Maass Philipp
Published: September 2022

We present a theory for analyzing residence times of single molecules in a fixed detection area of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). The approach is developed for one-dimensional molecule diffusion and can be extended to two dimensions by using the same methodology. Explicit results are derived for an harmonic attractive and repulsive tip-molecule interaction. Applications of the theory allows one to estimate the type and strength of interactions between the STM tip and the molecule. This includes the possibility of an estimation of molecule-molecule interaction when the tip is decorated by a molecule. Despite our focus on STM, this theory can analogously be applied to other experimental probes that monitor single molecules.
Macrophages in myocardial infarction
Authors: Kubota Akihiko , Frangogiannis Nikolaos G.
Published: September 2022

The heart contains a population of resident macrophages that markedly expands following injury through recruitment of monocytes and through proliferation of macrophages. In myocardial infarction, macrophages have been implicated in both injurious and reparative responses. In coronary atherosclerotic lesions, macrophages have been implicated in disease progression and in the pathogenesis of plaque rupture. Following myocardial infarction, resident macrophages contribute to initiation and regulation of the inflammatory response. Phagocytosis and efferocytosis are major functions of macrophages during the inflammatory phase of infarct healing, and mediate phenotypic changes, leading to acquisition of an anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype. Infarct macrophages respond to changes in the cytokine content and extracellular matrix composition of their environment and secrete fibrogenic and angiogenic mediators, playing a central role in repair of the infarcted heart. Macrophages may also play a role in scar maturation and may contribute to chronic adverse remodeling of noninfarcted segments. Single cell studies have revealed a remarkable heterogeneity of macrophage populations in infarcted hearts; however, the relations between transcriptomic profiles and functional properties remain poorly defined. This review manuscript discusses the fate, mechanisms of expansion and activation, and role of macrophages in the infarcted heart. Considering their critical role in injury, repair, and remodeling, macrophages are important, but challenging, targets for therapeutic interventions in myocardial infarction.
[Retracted] Pisonia Alba Assisted Synthesis of Nanosilver for Wound Healing Activity
Authors: Kannaiyan Suba , Easwaramoorthi D. , Kannan Karthik , Gopal Andal , Lakshmipathy R. , Mohammedsaleh Katubi Khadijah , Almuaikel Nayef S. , Rodriguez Rico Ivan Leandro
Published: September 2022

Wound infection is a major clinical challenge, impacting patient morbidity and mortality, with significant economic implications. Our research focused on how Pisonia Alba (PA) leaves, which are used to treat wounds, are used to synthesize silver nanoparticles and study their wound healing property. UV‐visible spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis, and s electron microscope (SEM) analysis were employed to evaluate the synthesized silver nanoparticles. Using DLS and Zeta potential analysis, the size and stability of the Pisonia Alba capped silver nanoparticle were investigated. The results showed that Pisonia Alba extract stabilized silver nanoparticles are 63.88 nm in size and have a spherical shape. Antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of synthesized silver nanoparticles against pathogenic organisms Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria were investigated. The in vitro cell scratch wounding assay is used to investigate the wound healing properties of synthesized nanoparticles. Pisonia Alba stabilized silver nanoparticles (PA@AgNPs), in comparison to Pisonia Alba (PA) extract, show effective wound healing characteristics by inducing the formation of collagen and serving as a capable wound healing agent.
Health Risk of Ingested Heavy Metals in Fluidized Canned Milks: Are We Drinking Heavy Metals?
Authors: Okpashi Victor Eshu
Published: September 2022

This study examined the heavy metal level of canned milk consumed in Calabar, Cross River State, as well as the health risks linked to it. Peak Milk, Three Crown, Coast, Nunu, Cowbell, and Olympic milk types were chosen for research. During the digestion of samples, 0.5 mol of nitric acid was added to the sample and heated. The heated liquid was slowly heated with 2.5 mL of 70% HClO4 until a dense white vapor was formed. After cooling the mixture, 10 mL of deionized water was added and the solution was boiled to expel the fumes. The heavy metals were screened using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. All milk samples contained eight heavy metals: iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni). Peak Milk and Nunu both had Cd. Nickel was found in various quantities in Coast, Cowbell, Nunu, and Olympic. Coast, Nunu, and Cowbell samples all contained Mn. Nunu and Cowbell both tested positive for lead. Peak Milk did not contain copper (Cu). Standard models for daily consumption of different heavy metals, such as Pb in Nunu (3.7E − 03) and Cowbell (−1.8E − 03), were used to construct the health risk evaluations. Peak Milk, Three Crown, and Nunu had daily Cd intakes of (4.5E − 06), (2.2E − 05), and (4.5E − 06), respectively. Coast (3.2E − 02), Nunu (5.1E − 02), Cowbell (1.9E − 02), and Olympic (3.8E − 02) have different daily Ni intakes. Peak Milk (1.1E − 01), Three Crown (2.2E − 01), Coast (1.6E − 01), Nunu (7.1E − 01), Cowbell (1.4E − 01), and Olympic (1.1E − 01) have different daily intakes of Ar. Peak (6.0E − 04), Three Crown (8.0E − 04), Coast (6.0E − 04), Nunu (7.0E − 04), Cowbell (8.0E − 04), and Olympic (6.0E − 04) had different daily Zn intakes. Daily Fe intakes of Peak Milk was (1.6E − 01), Three Crown was (1.6E − 01), Coast was (1.4E − 01), Nunu was (1.4E − 01), Cowbell was (2.4E − 01), and Olympic was (1.8E − 01). Cu intakes per day for Three Crown, Coast, Nunu, Cowbell, and Olympic were (6.0E − 03), (4.0E − 03), (2.0E − 03), (2.0E − 03), and (4.0E − 03), respectively. Coast, Nunu, and Cowbell had daily Mn intakes of (2.0E − 04), respectively. The total hazard index (THI) and the target hazard quotient (THQ) were also calculated. Peak Milk (1.7E − 01), Three Crown (3.4E − 01), Coast (2.8E − 01), Nunu (1.9E − 01), Cowbell (2.4E − 01), and Olympic (2.3E − 01) induced cancer risks, accordingly. According to the findings, the risk of drinking milk is relatively considerable when compared to the acceptable limit.