bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neurological manifestations of primary Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Perzyńska-Mazan Joanna , Maślińska Maria , Gasik Robert
Published: May 2018

Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease affecting the exocrine glands, leading to damage of their structure and impairment of their function. In the course of pSS the internal organs may be involved and the symptoms may concern any system. Neurological disorders are one of the most common extraglandular manifestations of pSS. Available literature data estimate the prevalence of neurological symptoms as about 8.5–70% of patients diagnosed with pSS. The most common neurological complication of pSS is peripheral neuropathy, and in particular sensory polyneuropathy. Central nervous system involvement is much less common. There are also reports of various symptoms connected with damage to cranial nerves and the autonomic nervous system. A careful neurological evaluation, combined with neurophysiological tests, is recommended in patients with pSS. This review summarizes the neurological manifestations of pSS, their possible pathogenic mechanisms, diagnostic evaluation and potential treatment.
Cartilage and bone damage in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ostrowska Monika , Maśliński Włodzimierz , Prochorec-Sobieszek Monika , Nieciecki Michał , Sudoł-Szopińska Iwona
Published: May 2018

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is a chronic inflammatory disease with a multifactorial aetiology, leads to partial or permanent disability in the majority of patients. It is characterised by persistent synovitis and formation of pannus, i.e. invasive synovial tissue, which ultimately leads to destruction of the cartilage, subchondral bone, and soft tissues of the affected joint. Moreover, inflammatory infiltrates in the subchondral bone, which can lead to inflammatory cysts and later erosions, play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA. These inflammatory infiltrates can be seen in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as bone marrow oedema (BME). BME is observed in 68–75% of patients in early stages of RA and is considered a precursor of rapid disease progression. The clinical significance of synovitis and bone marrow oedema as precursors of erosions is well established in daily practice, and synovitis, BME, cysts, hyaline cartilage defects and bone erosions can be detected by ultrasonography (US) and MRI. A less explored subject is the inflammatory and destructive potential of intra- and extra-articular fat tissue, which can also be evaluated in US and MRI. Finally, according to certain hypotheses, hyaline cartilage damage may trigger synovitis and lead to irreversible joint damage, and MRI may be used for preclinical detection of cartilage biochemical abnormalities.

This review discusses the pathomechanisms that lead to articular cartilage and bone damage in RA, including erosion precursors such as synovitis and osteitis and panniculitis, as well as the role of imaging techniques employed to detect early cartilage damage and bone erosions.
Technical note: Evaluation of the simultaneous measurements of mesospheric OH, HO2, and O3 under a photochemical equilibrium assumption – a statistical approach
Authors: Kulikov Mikhail Y. , Nechaev Anton A. , Belikovich Mikhail V. , Ermakova Tatiana S. , Feigin Alexander M.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This Technical Note presents a statistical approach to evaluating simultaneous
measurements of several atmospheric components under the assumption of
photochemical equilibrium. We consider simultaneous measurements of OH,
HO2, and O3 at the altitudes of the mesosphere as a specific
example and their daytime photochemical equilibrium as an evaluating
relationship. A simplified algebraic equation relating local concentrations
of these components in the 50–100 km altitude range has been derived. The
parameters of the equation are temperature, neutral density, local zenith
angle, and the rates of eight reactions. We have performed a one-year simulation
of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere using a 3-D chemical-transport model.
The simulation shows that the discrepancy between the calculated evolution of
the components and the equilibrium value given by the equation does not
exceed 3–4 % in the full range of altitudes independent of season or
latitude. We have developed a statistical Bayesian evaluation technique for
simultaneous measurements of OH, HO2, and O3 based on the
equilibrium equation taking into account the measurement
error.
The first results of the application of the technique to
MLS/Aura data (Microwave Limb Sounder) are presented in
this Technical Note. It has been found that the satellite data of the HO2
distribution regularly demonstrate lower altitudes of this
component's mesospheric maximum.
This has also been confirmed by model
HO2 distributions and comparison with offline retrieval of HO2 from
the daily zonal means MLS radiance.
Mapping and quantifying isomer sets of hydrocarbons ( ≥  C12) in diesel exhaust, lubricating oil and diesel fuel samples using GC  ×  GC-ToF-MS
Authors: Alam Mohammed S. , Zeraati-Rezaei Soheil , Liang Zhirong , Stark Christopher , Xu Hongming , MacKenzie A. Rob , Harrison Roy M.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Airborne particles and vapours, like many other environmental samples including water,
soils and sediments, contain complex mixtures of hydrocarbons, often deriving
from crude oil either before or after fractionation into fuels, lubricants
and feedstocks. Comprehensive 2D gas chromatography time-of-flight mass
spectrometry (GC × GC-ToF-MS), offers a very powerful technique that
separates and identifies many compounds in complicated hydrocarbon mixtures.
However, quantification and identification of individual constituents at high
ionization energies would require hundreds of expensive (when available)
standards for calibration. Although the precise chemical structure of
hydrocarbons does matter for their environmental impact and fate, strong
similarities can be expected for compounds having very similar chemical
structures and carbon numbers. There is, therefore, a clear benefit in an
analytical technique which is specific enough to separate different classes
of compounds and to distinguish homologous series while avoiding the need to
handle each isomer individually. Varying EI (electron impact) ionization mass
spectrometry significantly enhances the identification of individual isomers
and homologous compound groups, which we refer to as “isomer sets”.
Advances are reported in mapping and quantifying isomer sets of hydrocarbons
(≥ C12) in diesel fuel, lubricating oil and diesel exhaust
emissions. By using this analysis we report mass closures of ca. 90 and
75 % for diesel fuel and lubricating oil, and identify 85 and 75 % of
the total ion current for gas- and particulate-phase diesel exhaust
emissions.
Ocean acidification reduces mechanical properties of the Portuguese oyster shell with impaired microstructure: a hierarchical analysis
Authors: Meng Yuan , Guo Zhenbin , Fitzer Susan C. , Upadhyay Abhishek , Chan Vera B. S. , Li Chaoyi , Cusack Maggie , Yao Haimin , Yeung Kelvin W. K. , Thiyagarajan Vengatesen
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The rapidly intensifying process of ocean acidification (OA) in coastal areas due to anthropogenic CO2 is not only depleting carbonate ions necessary for calcification but also causing acidosis and disrupting internal pH homeostasis in several marine organisms. These negative consequences of OA on marine communities, particularly to shellfish oyster species, has been very well documented in recent studies, however, the consequences of these reduced or impaired calcification processes on the end-product, shells or skeletons, still remains one of the major research gaps. Shells produced by marine organisms under OA are expected to be corroded with disorganized or impaired crystal orientation or microstructures with reduced mechanical property. To bridge this knowledge gap and to test the above hypothesis, we investigated the effect of OA on shell of the commercially important oyster species (Crassostrea angulata) at ecologically and climatically relevant OA levels (using pH 8.1, 7.8, 7.5, 7.2 as proxies). In decreased pH conditions, a drop of shell hardness and stiffness was revealed by nanoindentation tests, while an evident loosened internal microstructure was detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In contrary, the crystallographic orientation of oyster shell showed no significant difference with decreasing pH by Electron Back Scattered Diffraction (EBSD) analyses. These results indicate the loosened internal microstructure may be the cause of the OA induced reduction in shell hardness and stiffness. Micro-computed tomography analysis (Micro-CT) indicated that an overall "down-shifting" of mineral density in the shell with decreasing pH, which implied the loosened internal microstructure may run through the shell, thus inevitably limiting the effectiveness of the shell defensive function. This study surfaces potential bottom-up deterioration induced by OA on oyster shells, especially in their early juvenile life stage. This knowledge is critical to forecast the survival and production of edible oysters in future ocean.
Glacial isostatic adjustment modelling: historical perspectives, recent advances, and future directions
Authors: Whitehouse Pippa L.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA)
describes the response of the solid Earth, the gravitational field, and the
oceans to the growth and decay of the global ice sheets. A commonly studied
component of GIA is “postglacial rebound”, which specifically relates to
uplift of the land surface following ice melt. GIA is a relatively rapid
process, triggering 100 m scale changes in sea level and solid Earth
deformation over just a few tens of thousands of years. Indeed, the
first-order effects of GIA could already be quantified several hundred years
ago without reliance on precise measurement techniques and scientists have
been developing a unifying theory for the observations for over 200 years.
Progress towards this goal required a number of significant breakthroughs to
be made, including the recognition that ice sheets were once more extensive,
the solid Earth changes shape over time, and gravity plays a central role in
determining the pattern of sea-level change. This article describes the
historical development of the field of GIA and provides an overview of the
processes involved. Significant recent progress has been made as concepts
associated with GIA have begun to be incorporated into parallel fields of
research; these advances are discussed, along with the role that GIA is
likely to play in addressing outstanding research questions within the field
of Earth system modelling.
Positive and negative human-modified droughts: a quantitative approach illustrated with two Iranian catchments
Authors: Kakaei Elham , Moradi Hamid Reza , Moghaddam Nia Ali Reza , Van Lanen Henny A. J.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Drought management in the anthropocene is challenging because of the complex interaction between climate variability, land surface processes and human changes in the hydrologic system. In the current research, different kinds of natural and human-affected droughts in the anthropocene, including climate-induced drought, human-induced drought and human-modified drought have been investigated for two Iranian catchments (Kiakola and Eskandari catchments), as an example. We propose a methodology to distinguish and quantify positive and negative human-modified droughts to explore the impact of human interferences on river flow and groundwater. The methodology uses naturalized conditions obtained by simulation modelling as a reference to distinguish the droughts. Positive human-modified droughts happen when human activities alleviate natural droughts, whereas negative human-modified droughts reflect severer drought conditions than naturally occurring. Application of the methodology shows that human activities mostly caused negative human-modified droughts (e.g. decreased river flow in more than 89 % of the events) in the selected Iranian catchments, where the Eskandari catchment had about four times severer human-modified droughts than the Kiakola catchment. Positive human-modified droughts mostly occurred in the wet season, which cannot counterbalance the adverse impacts of the negative human-modified droughts occurring in the following dry season. The proposed methodology enables further quantification of drought in the anthropocene through evaluation of negative and positive effects of human activates on the hydrologic system, which will support water management to reduce drought impacts.
Assessment of impacts of climate change on surface water availability using coupled SWAT and WEAP models: case of upper Pangani River Basin, Tanzania
Authors: Kishiwa Peter , Nobert Joel , Kongo Victor , Ndomba Preksedis
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This study was designed to investigate the dynamics of current and future
surface water availability for different water users in the upper Pangani
River Basin under changing climate. A multi-tier modeling technique was used
in the study, by coupling the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Water
Evaluation And Planning (WEAP) models, to simulate streamflows under climate
change and assess scenarios of future water availability to different
socio-economic activities by year 2060. Six common Global Circulation Models
(GCMs) from WCRP-CMIP3 with emissions Scenario A2 were selected. These are
HadCM3, HadGEM1, ECHAM5, MIROC3.2MED, GFDLCM2.1 and CSIROMK3. They were
downscaled by using LARS-WG to station scale. The SWAT model was calibrated
with observed data and utilized the LARS-WG outputs to generate future
streamflows before being used as input to WEAP model to assess future water
availability to different socio-economic activities. GCMs results show future
rainfall increase in upper Pangani River Basin between 16–18 % in 2050s
relative to 1980–1999 periods. Temperature is projected to increase by an
average of 2 ∘C in 2050s, relative to baseline period. Long-term
mean streamflows is expected to increase by approximately 10 %. However,
future peak flows are estimated to be lower than the prevailing average peak
flows. Nevertheless, the overall annual water demand in Pangani basin will
increase from 1879.73 Mm3 at present (2011) to 3249.69 Mm3 in the
future (2060s), resulting to unmet demand of 1673.8 Mm3 (51.5 %).
The impact of future shortage will be more severe in irrigation where
71.12 % of its future demand will be unmet. Future water demands of
Hydropower and Livestock will be unmet by 27.47 and 1.41 % respectively.
However, future domestic water use will have no shortage. This calls for
planning of current and future surface water use in the upper Pangani River
Basin.
Assessment and quantification of marginal lands for biomass production in Europe using soil quality indicators
Authors: Gerwin Werner , Repmann Frank , Galatsidas Spyridon , Vlachaki Despoina , Gounaris Nikos , Baumgarten Wibke , Volkmann Christiane , Keramitzis Dimitrios , Kiourtsis Fotis , Freese Dirk
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The cultivation of bioenergy plants at fertile, arable lands increasingly results in new land use conflicts with food production and cannot be considered as sustainable, therefore. Marginal lands have been frequently considered as potential alternative for producing bioenergy from biomass. However, clear definitions and assessment methods for selecting marginal lands and for calculating potentials are still widely missing. The project "SEEMLA" aims at triggering the exploitation of currently underused marginal lands for biomass production for energy purposes. Study sites have been selected in different European countries: Germany, Greece and Ukraine. The selected sites represent a wide variety of different types of marginal lands. Based on a soil assessment set given by the Muencheberg Soil Quality Rating (SQR) system potentially "marginal" sites have been investigated. The SQR system allows for clearly distinguishing between soils of higher and lower quality. Soils with SQR scores below 40 are regarded as "marginal". They can be classified into different groups with regard to the importance of soil hazard indicators as valuated by the SQR approach. The calculated SQR scores correlate significantly with biomass yields of bioenergy plants. Further, the SQR method was adapted for use in a GIS study on marginal land potentials in Europe. 46 % of the investigated European area could be classified as "marginal" with SQR scores below 40. From that area 22.6 % can be considered as potentially suitable for producing renewable resources after eliminating protected sites or other places not suitable for any kind of land use. Taking the ecological demands of selected bioenergy plants into account it is possible to give first preliminary recommendations for regional crop cultivation. It can be concluded, that Europe offers a large potential for renewable resources from marginal sites. However, the implementation into practice is often impeded by missing or varying policies and regulation. A proper implementation needs clear regulations and also incentives for farmers at European level.
Uncertainty indication in soil function maps – transparent and easy-to-use information to support sustainable use of soil resources
Authors: Greiner Lucie , Nussbaum Madlene , Papritz Andreas , Zimmermann Stephan , Gubler Andreas , Grêt-Regamey Adrienne , Keller Armin
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Spatial information on soil function fulfillment (SFF) is increasingly being used to inform decision-making in spatial planning programs to support sustainable use of soil resources. Soil function maps visualize soils abilities to fulfill their functions, e.g., regulating water and nutrient flows, providing habitats, and supporting biomass production based on soil properties. Such information must be reliable for informed and transparent decision-making in spatial planning programs. In this study, we add to the transparency of soil function maps by (1) indicating uncertainties arising from the prediction of soil properties generated by digital soil mapping (DSM) that are used for soil function assessment (SFA) and (2) showing the response of different SFA methods to the propagation of uncertainties through the assessment. For a study area of 170 km2 in the Swiss Plateau, we map 10 static soil sub-functions for agricultural soils for a spatial resolution of 20 × 20 m together with their uncertainties. Mapping the 10 soil sub-functions using simple ordinal assessment scales reveals pronounced spatial patterns with a high variability of SFF scores across the region, linked to the inherent properties of the soils and terrain attributes and climate conditions. Uncertainties in soil properties propagated through SFA methods generally lead to substantial uncertainty in the mapped soil sub-functions. We propose two types of uncertainty maps that can be readily understood by stakeholders. Cumulative distribution functions of SFF scores indicate that SFA methods respond differently to the propagated uncertainty of soil properties. Even where methods are comparable on the level of complexity and assessment scale, their comparability in view of uncertainty propagation might be different. We conclude that comparable uncertainty indications in soil function maps are relevant to enable informed and transparent decisions on the sustainable use of soil resources.
Islam Modernism Movement in Indonesia (Muhammadiyah Modernization and Dynamism in Education and Socio-Religious)
Authors: Sya'bani Mohammad Ahyan Yusuf
Published: May 2018

The modernization / renewal and dynamization effort in the field of education and socio- religious needs to be done given the condition of past and present Muslims has not shown significant progress. Religion and social life are not made as a unity of living systems so that the mindset and behavior patterns of Muslims experience various disorientation of life journey. For this reason, it is necessary to research the modernization and dynamism of Muhammadiyah (which is one of the religious-based social organizations) in the field of education and socio- religious. This research method is research with type of literature study (literature study) with method of historical approach (history). Data collection techniques with documentation techniques. The research results show: the field of education, modernization and dynamism of Muhammadiyah in the form of integration of science of religion and general science, and still follow the pattern of education applied by the government. While the social and health aspects of the modernization process conducted by holding health equipment such as handling the eye disease problem and make health and social aspects as an integral thing with the establishment of PKU (Helper of Public Misery) .In the field of religion, Muhammadiyah undertakes modernization and dynamism by combining religious knowledge and general science in Muhammadiyah schools, conducting religious studies open space for direct discussion, and establishing the Tarjih assembly as an effort to unify the religious understanding of Muslims so as not to be divided.
Coyuntura económica de El Salvador 1992
Authors: Arriola Joaquín
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 31, 1993: 3-26
El programa de ajuste estructural en El Salvador: algunos indicadores de sus resultados económicos
Authors: Galdámez Ernesto
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 32, 1993: 117-129
América Latina frente a los desafíos globales
Authors: Gorostiaga Xavier
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 34, 1993: 381-408
¿Teoría económica para el pasado o para el futuro?
Authors: Brand Salvador Osvaldo
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 34, 1993: 409-429
Cambios en Washington. Notas para un nuevo debate
Authors: Gorostiaga Xabier
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 35, 1993: 485-494
Nueva economía popular (Análisis crítico)
Authors: Escobar Lincoln
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 35, 1993: 581-586
La familia burguesa como imaginario social de la modernidad. Algunas consideraciones desde la sociología histórica acerca de la relación "mujer - religión - orden social"
Authors: Pintos Juan Luis
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 35, 1993: 587-601
QUALIDADE DE VIDA, MARCADORES INFLAMATÓRIOS E BIOQUÍMICOS DE PACIENTES ONCOLÓGICOS EM TRATAMENTO QUIMIOTERÁPICO: SÉRIE DE CASOS
Authors: AMARAL Luane Aparecida , SCHIESSEL Dalton Luiz , FIGUEIREDO David Livingstone Alves , GAVARROTE Diogo Dequech , SCHWARZ Kélin , VICENTE Mariana Abe , FREIRE Priscila Lumi Ishii
Published: May 2018

Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o estado nutricional, qualidade de vida, marcadores inflamatórios e bioquímicos de pacientes oncológicos antes da primeira sessão e após a segunda sessão de tratamento quimioterápico. Com relação ao delineamento experimental, foram aferidas medidas antropométricas, analises bioquímicas, marcadores inflamatórios, bem como foram aplicados os questionários de Avaliação Subjetiva Global produzido pelo paciente, Registro Alimentar de três dias e o EORTC QLQ-C30. A amostra final foi composta por quatro pacientes. Os resultados indicaram que não houve perda grave de peso durante as sessões. Em adição, observou-se um baixo consumo de micronutrientes, a elevação das citocinas pró inflamatórias durante as sessões, bem como um baixo déficit de qualidade de vida. Sendo assim, pode-se concluir que o estado nutricional não foi gravemente afetado. A elevação das citocinas pró inflamatórias e a presença dos sintomas podem indicar uma alteração a longo prazo na qualidade de vida dos pacientes.
AS RELAÇÕES BRASIL-ARGENTINA, O MERCOSUL E A INSERÇÃO DA CHINA NA AMÉRICA DO SUL (2011-2014)
Authors: Saraiva Renato , Scherer Caroline
Published: May 2018

Este artigo pretende apresentar uma análise acerca da importância das relações Brasil-Argentina para o Mercosul, abordando quais as visões dos dois grandes países acerca dessa iniciativa, assim como traçar perspectivas dos impactos que a inserção da China na América do Sul e seu recente acordo com a Argentina, o Convênio Marco de Cooperação, podem trazer para o bloco.
Segurança Ambiental Internacional: para uma abordagem inclusiva no estudo dos recursos hídricos
Authors: Brandão Luciana Costa , Filippi Eduardo Ernesto
Published: May 2018

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal traçar um panorama das atuais perspectivas teóricas para o estudo das questões ambientais dentro da disciplina de Relações Internacionais, em especial na área dos estudos de segurança. Para isso foi realizada uma revisão da bibliografia produzida acerca da temática de segurança ambiental nos últimos 50 anos, quando o termo passou a compor a agenda de debates políticos e acadêmicos no âmbito da política internacional. Percebemos que as principais teorias de segurança ambiental podem ser sistematizadas em dois grandes grupos: de um lado, teóricos que dialogam com a Tese dos Conflitos Ambientais (do inglês, environment-conflict thesis) e do outro aqueles que estudam as dinâmicas de Segurança Humana e Ecológica. A análise das pesquisas produzidas sobre a questão dos recursos hídricos internacionais demonstrou que tal divisão também se reflete na literatura produzida sobre este assunto específico, limitando as possibilidades de análise do problema. Por fim, propomos alguns elementos que podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de análises de segurança ambiental mais inclusivas, como a adequação do nível de análise, a incorporação de múltiplos agentes e a articulação das diferentes esferas de segurança.
Percalços da Integração Latino-Americana: Análise Comparada dos regionalismos das décadas de 1960, 1990 e 2000
Authors: Teles Lima Barros Roberto
Published: May 2018

A literatura sobre integração latino-americana frequentemente aponta três “ondas” de regionalistas na região: as décadas de 1960, 1990 e 2000. Entretanto, ainda há percepções que o regionalismo latino-americano é “sem sentido” ou errático. O presente artigo busca, comparando esses períodos históricos, identificar que percalços são comuns na experiência temporal e se, ainda assim, houve avanços dentro da cooperação regional.
Os Princípios de Santiago para os Fundos Soberanos de Investimento: uma análise teórica
Authors: Machado Pedro Lange Netto
Published: May 2018

Este artigo analisa os Princípios de Santiago nos termos de um regime internacional em formação. Frente à ameaça de protecionismo financeiro por países apreensivos quanto à atuação de Fundos Soberanos de Investimento, estes princípios despontam como proposta de regulamentação neste âmbito. Não obstante, seu caráter estritamente voluntário suscita dúvidas e incredulidade quanto à sua real eficácia (PARK; ESTRADA, 2011). Diante de tais incertezas, o presente artigo verifica a hipótese de que os Princípios de Santiago representam, na realidade, um regime internacional em formação, que pode levar à ascensão de uma identidade coletiva entre seus participantes. Esta hipótese é sustentada pelas teorias de Krasner (1982) e de Keohane (1984), que proporcionam a base teórica acerca de regimes internacionais, e de Wendt (1999), que fundamenta a construção dessa possível identidade coletiva. Por meio das lentes teóricas desses autores, associadas aos estudos realizados pelo Fórum Internacional dos Fundos Soberanos de investimento, chega-se à confirmação da hipótese proposta..
EDITORIAL REVISTA CONJUNTURA GLOBAL, V. 7, N. 1 (2018)
Authors: Bernardo Glaucia Julião , Pereira Alexsandro Eugenio , Mattos Mylena
Published: May 2018

EDITORIAL REVISTA CONJUNTURA GLOBAL, V. 7, N. 1 (2018)
The incidence of nursing students’ perceived stress and burnout levels at a private university in California
Authors: Jones Reo J. F. , Hansen Margaret M. , Kaddoura Mahmoud , Schwab-McCoy Aimee , Tocchini Kirsten
Published: May 2018

Background and objective: Historically, there has been a paucity of research regarding stress and burnout in nursing students. However, during the past five years research focusing on the predictors associated with stress and burnout has been conducted. Continued research contributions to the nursing education literature are necessary due to the current 70% nursing burnout rate. The aim of this study was to explore undergraduate and graduate nursing students’ perceived stress and burnout in order to design a future intervention study.Methods: Pollock’s Nursing Adaptation Model served as a conceptual framework. Correlational descriptive non-interventional survey design was used to gather data from consented participants (N = 217). The Perceived Stress Scale and Maslach’s Burnout Inventory were provided. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, and multiple comparison t-tests (Tukey’s adjustment).Results: Students who spent more time per week on homework and studying for exams tended to be more stressed and cynical. Students enrolled in graduate level courses tended to be more cynical and exhausted. Undergraduate students demonstrated a stronger sense of professional efficacy. Students who spent less than five hours studying for exams per week reported more exhaustion, suggesting external factors may be influential. Certain recreational activities were found to be related to stress, cynicism and exhaustion levels, suggesting students with a recreational outlet may be better able to cope. Significant associations between students’ hours spent on academic work and family circumstances may provide an explanation of academic pressures.Conclusions: Our findings highlight nursing students having significantly higher stress and cynicism levels associated with the amount of homework and study hours for exams per week. Furthermore, students studying less reported being more exhausted. Collaboratively, nurse educators and students are wise to develop healthy interventions to enhance students’ health and learning. Reportedly, healthcare providers are experiencing burnout and unhealthy stress-coping behaviors. Educators are in a position to role model and educate healthy lifestyle choices.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 14, No. 6
Authors: Zhang Jenny
Published: May 2018

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 14, No. 6, 2018.
Crosstalk Modeling in Lens Based Free Space Optical Interconnects Systems with Circular Symmetry
Authors: Al-ababneh Nedal
Published: May 2018

We introduce convenient model and an optimization scheme to optimize the signal-to-crosstalk ratio (SCR) in a free space optical interconnects (FSOIs) system that uses microlenses with finite circular apertures. In this model, we consider both the stray light crosstalk and the crosstalk due to the diffraction at the microlens apertures to evaluate the SCR. Using cylindrical form of Collins diffraction integral and the Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beam model, we derive an approximate closed form formula for the optical field of a multimode LG beam propagating through circular apertured FSOIs by expanding the hard edge circular aperture function of the microlens in terms of complex Gaussian functions. The analyses indicate that the size of the detector is an important factor to optimize the SCR for both the apertured and the unapertured misaligned FSOIs system. The effect of higher order mode of the laser source on the SCR is also considered.
Xavier Forneret odczytany przez surrealistów i czytany Norwidem
Authors: Kowalska Magdalena
Published: May 2018

The author discusses the history of Xavier Forneret’s (1809–1884) reception focusing on the trend which portrayed the Romantic as a surrealist and a precursor of vers libre. At the heart of the considerations there is the volume Vapeurs, ni vers, ni prose (1838) regarded as exceptional in both the publishing format and the content. The author, however, argues that the poet’s innovation can also be seen in his presentation of typically romantic themes: love, death, poetic vocation, as well as oneiric poetics. The last part of the article is a comparative analysis of the Forneret’s poem “Elle” and Cyprian Norwid’s poem “Polka” [Polish Woman], which allows showing both romantic anticipations and traditional forms of poetic description of a woman.
Determination of Aniline, 4-Aminoazobenzene, and 2-Naphthol in the Color Additive D&C Red No. 17 Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Yang H H Wendy , Weisz Adrian
Published: May 2018

Specifications in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations for the color additive D&C Red No. 17 (R17, Colour Index No. 26100) limit the levels of the dye’s intermediates, aniline (AN), 2-naphthol (β-naphthol, BN), and 4-aminoazobenzene (4AAB), to 0.2, 0.2, and 0.1%, respectively. The present work reports the development and application of an ultra-HPLC method for the quantitative determination of these impurities in R17. A 1.7 μm particle size C-18 column was used with 0.2 M ammonium acetate and acetonitrile as the eluents. AN, BN, and 4AAB were quantified by using six-point calibration curves with data points (w/w) ranging from 0.01 to 0.25% for AN, 0.01 to 0.24% for BN, and 0.01 to 0.19% for 4AAB. The correlation coefficients ranged from 0.9992 to 0.9999. Limits of detection for the analytes ranged from 0.002 to 0.01%. Recoveries of the analytes ranged from 99.5 to 102%. Relative standard deviations ranged from 0.482 to 1.262%. The new method was applied to analyze portions from 22 batches of R17 submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for certification. It was found to be simpler to implement, faster, and more sensitive than the older gravity-elution column chromatography method, which it has replaced.
Laforgue délocalisé
Authors: Scepi Henri
Published: May 2018

Cet article se propose de cerner la question de l’américanité de Laforgue à partir des rares traces que l’auteur a laissées d’une relation réfléchie ou plus immédiatement spontanée à sa terre d’origine, l’Uruguay. Un double geste d’effacement et de promotion s’y révèle, en opposition aux valeurs qu’incarne d’une part la figure symbolique du père, et en référence d’autre part aux lieux communs qui structurent la vision européanocentrée du continent américain. Les textes de Laforgue, du poème élaboré à la note marginale, témoignent ainsi de la recherche d’un lieu impossible, dont l’image flottante et diffuse forme cependant comme l’horizon de la parole, ainsi que l’attestent les tentatives de figuration de l’Inconscient, topique du non-lieu par excellence qui autorise toutes les surimpressions spatio-temporelles, tous les mélanges de cultures et d’idiomes. Aussi est-ce sans doute dans la quête d’une langue « délocalisée », profondément métissée et insoucieuse des codes et des hiérarchies, langue « neuve » et en même temps composée de tous les âges, que le fantasme américain trouve chez Laforgue sa matérialisation la plus éloquente.
Le tombeau de Jules Laforgue
Authors: Khodr Fadi
Published: May 2018

L’article propose une nouvelle lecture dePan et la Syrinxde Jules Laforgue en mettant au jour ses arrière-textes plausibles, restés enfouis jusqu’à présent, en vue de compléter les études qui lui ont été consacrées. L’analyse suggère que cette « moralité légendaire » serait le monument littéraire confirmant l’originalité de l’auteur et contenant son testament poétique.
Brièveté : une question de rythme. Réflexions sur la littérature d’Andrés Rivera
Authors: Waldegaray Marta Inés
Published: May 2018

Cet article porte sur une problématique théorique : les procédés de la brièveté en littérature. Partant de la distinction entre brièveté (notion qui relève du domaine de l’énonciation) et texte court (caractère dimensionnel de l’écriture), nous étudions ici l’oeuvre de l’écrivain argentin Andrés Rivera (Buenos Aires, 1928-2016), maître de l’énonciation réticente dans la littérature argentine contemporaine. Néanmoins, le réel historique des XIXe et XXe siècles est la matière préférée de sa fiction narrative. Notre attention s’est portée sur les procédés mis en oeuvre pour dérouter l’organisation narrative et le rythme phrastique. Dans une prose composée par des phrases qui deviennent de plus en plus longues, dans des textes de plus en plus courts, la discontinuité instaure une dynamique de la brièveté lisible dans un rythme narratif scandé par les blancs, les ellipses et les figures de répétition.
NEON NIST data science evaluation challenge: Methods and results of team Shawn
Authors: Taylor Shawn
Published: May 2018

This paper describes the methods used in the submission for team Shawn for the data science competition “Airborne Remote Sensing to Ecological Information”. I used canopy height rasters as well as NDVI rasters of the study area. I first filtered out pixels using a minimum NDVI threshold, then derived individual tree crowns using a watershed algorithm. I imposed limits on tree crown size and number using a minimum distance between two crowns and a maximum crown radius. All parameters were derived by minimizing the Jaccard coefficient. The final Jaccard coefficient on the training data was 0.117. All methods were implemented in Python are are available in code repositories.
“Bouquet technique” for displaced boxers fracture: Surgical technique and outcomes in143 consecutive cases
Authors: Memon Fayaz W , Patankar Hemant , Nagori Abdul Malik
Published: May 2018

Background: Fifth metacarpal neck fractures, also known as Boxer’s fractures, commonly occur as a result of axial impact on a clenched fist. There is no agreement over the optimum management of undisplaced boxers fracture. We present the results of treatment by a Bouquet technique, described by Foucher in 143 consecutive cases of displaced fifth metacarpal neck fractures.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our records for 143 consecutive cases of fifth metacarpal neck fractures treated with Bouquet technique. Clinical and radiological evaluation was done at 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 6 months. Total active motion of the fifth digit, radiography and complications if any were noted.Results: Of 143 cases, there were 113 cases with closed reduction and 30 with open reduction. Radiological union was achieved in 140 cases. Remaining 3 were lost to follow up. Good to excellent result was achieved in 95% cases. Seven cases developed bursitis at the K-wire entry site which required k-wire removal.Conclusion: The technique of flexible antegrade intramedulary nailing of fifth metacarpal neck fractures is simple, safe, soft tissue sparing, minimally invasive technique giving excellent functional and cosmetic results with minimal complications.
Yellow fever outbreak in Plateau state, Nigeria: A re-emerging disease or a case of misdiagnosis over the years?
Authors: Y. Sodipo Olutomi , Dauda Gwomson , A. Lar Luret
Published: May 2018

Background: The first reported Yellow fever outbreak in Nigeria occurred in 1931.The latest outbreak in Nigeria, commenced in September 2017. It is active in seven states and suspected cases have been reported in sixteen states, inclusive of Plateau state. The last reported outbreak in Plateau state occurred in Jos in 1969 with an estimated 100,000 cases.Materials and Methods: The cases and health workers involved in management were interviewed. Hospital records, laboratory and surveillance data were reviewed.Results: Case 1: A 6-year-old girl from Tudun-Wada, Jos Plateau state presented with fever (38.6oC), abdominal pain, sore throat and jaundice. Liver function test (AST: 398U/L, ALT: 96U/L). Treatment included ribavirin, ceftriaxone, anti-oxidants, intravenous fluids, blood transfusion. ELISA-IgM was positive for YF, but negative on PNRT.Case 2: A 10-year-old boy from the same family with case 1 presented with fever (39.0oC), abdominal pain, diarrhoea and jaundice.  Liver function test (AST: 315 U/L, ALT: 126U/L). Treatment is same as case 1 plus metronidazole. ELISA-IgM was positive for YF, but negative on PNRT, while PCR was positive for Lassa fever.Twenty-three contacts (17 healthcare workers, 6 family members) were traced and daily monitoring instituted.Conclusion: The potential for a major urban outbreak of Yellow Fever in Plateau state and Nigeria is already present. Advocacy, health education and enforcement of vector control measures need to be intensified by the State Ministry of Health. Surveillance for rapid case finding and proactive vaccination also need to be intensified to forestall a disaster.
First-Year Osteopathic Medical Students’ Knowledge of and Attitudes Toward Physical Activity
Authors: Guseman Emily Hill , Whipps Jonathon , Howe Cheryl A. , Beverly Elizabeth A.
Published: May 2018

Context

Current guidelines recommend that primary care physicians provide physical activity counseling as part of routine preventive health care. However, education regarding physical activity counseling often is not included or is inadequately covered in medical school curriculum, and it is unclear whether future physicians are prepared to offer effective counseling in this area.

Objective

To examine first-year medical students’ knowledge of and attitudes toward physical activity and the importance of physical activity in patient counseling.

Methods

An anonymous electronic survey was distributed to all first-year students enrolled at the Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine. The survey assessed students’ knowledge, beliefs, and behavior regarding physical activity and physical activity counseling for patients. The frequencies of students’ weekly physical activity were computed to assess students’ physical activity behaviors. Attitudes toward personal importance of physical activity and physical activity counseling in primary care were also assessed by response frequency. The relationship between students’ knowledge of and participation in physical activity and the priority placed on exercise for future patients were assessed by correlation.

Results

Of 243 potential participants, 144 students (59.3%) returned the survey. The majority of students (131 of 144 [91.0%]) indicated that living a healthy lifestyle was very or extremely important to them, and 125 of 144 (86.9%) prioritized physical activity as moderately, very, or extremely important. Of 122 students, 81 (66.4%) exercised for at least 30 minutes on 3 or more of the past 7 days, and 36 (29.5%) reported doing so on 5 or more of the past 7 days. Nearly all of the students (127 of 133 [95.5%]) indicated that exercise is important for their future patients, 97 of 133 (72.9%) indicated feeling moderately or extremely comfortable counseling patients on exercise, and 113 of 134 (84.3%) desired to include physical activity counseling in their practice. Fifty of 134 students (40.3%) indicated that they were aware of current physical activity recommendations for adults in the United States; however, of these 50 students, 1 (2.0%) provided a correct definition of the national recommendations.

Conclusion

Although students prioritized healthy lifestyles for themselves and their future patients and indicated a desire to include physical activity counseling as part of routine clinical care, the majority were unaware of the current physical activity recommendations. Thus, there is a need to address physical activity recommendations in the medical school curriculum.
Trilobatin as an HIV‐1 entry inhibitor targeting the HIV‐1 Gp41 envelope
Authors: Yin Shuwen , Zhang Xuanxuan , Lai Fangyuan , Liang Taizhen , Wen Jiayong , Lin Wanying , Qiu Jiayin , Liu Shuwen , Li Lin
Published: May 2018

HIV‐1 transmembrane protein gp41 plays a crucial role by forming a stable six‐helix bundle during HIV entry. Due to highly conserved sequence of gp41, the development of an effective and safe small‐molecule compound targeting gp41 is a good choice. Currently, natural polyanionic ingredients with anti‐HIV activities have aroused concern. Here, we first discovered that a glycosylated dihydrochalcone, trilobatin, exhibited broad anti‐HIV‐1 activity and low cytotoxicity in vitro. Site‐directed mutagenesis analysis suggested that the hydrophobic residue (I564) located in gp41 pocket‐forming site is pivotal for anti‐HIV activity of trilobatin. Furthermore, trilobatin displayed synergistic anti‐HIV activities combined with other antiretroviral agents. Trilobatin has a good potential to be developed as a small‐molecule HIV‐1 entry inhibitor for clinical combination therapy.
Emerging concepts of ganglioside metabolism
Authors: Sandhoff Roger , Sandhoff Konrad
Published: May 2018

Gangliosides (GGs) are sialic acid‐containing glycosphingolipids (GSLs) and major membrane components enriched on cellular surfaces. Biosynthesis of mammalianGGs starts at the cytosolic leaflet of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes with the formation of their hydrophobic ceramide anchors. After intracellular ceramide transfer to Golgi and trans‐Golgi network (TGN) membranes, anabolism ofGGs, as well as of otherGSLs, is catalyzed by membrane‐spanning glycosyltransferases (GTs) along the secretory pathway. Combined activity of only a few promiscuousGTs allows for the formation of cell‐type‐specific glycolipid patterns. Following an exocytotic vesicle flow to the cellular plasma membranes,GGs can be modified by metabolic reactions at or near the cellular surface. For degradation,GGs are endocytosed to reach late endosomes and lysosomes. Whereas membrane‐spanning enzymes of the secretory pathway catalyzeGSLandGGformation, a cooperation of soluble glycosidases, lipases and lipid‐binding cofactors, namely the sphingolipid activator proteins (SAPs), act as the main players ofGGandGSLcatabolism at intralysosomal luminal vesicles (ILVs).
Salicylic Acid‐Catalyzed Arylation of Enol Acetates with Anilines
Authors: Felipe‐Blanco Diego , Gonzalez‐Gomez Jose C.
Published: May 2018

α‐Aryl ketones are both structure moieties commonly found in bioactive compounds and versatile synthetic intermediates for the preparation of drug‐like molecules. An operationally simple and scalable protocol has been developed to prepare α‐aryl ketones from readily available aromatic amines and enol acetates (or silyl enol ethers). This metal‐free methodology features the use of salicylic acid as a convenient catalyst to promote the formation of aryl radicals from in‐situ generated aryl diazonium salts, without demanding thermal or photochemical activation. The mild reaction conditions used are compatible with anilines substituted with diverse functionalities. Structural elaboration of some prepared α‐aryl ketones was accomplished to illustrate their usefulness as building blocks.

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Hyperbranched polyester encapsulated phthalocyanine pigments for in situ printing of cellulosic fabrics
Authors: Hakeim Osama A. , Haroun Ahmed A. , Trif Laszlo , Feczkó Tivadar
Published: May 2018

Encapsulation of phthalocyanine pigments onto hyperbranched polyesters (HBPs) is reported for in situ printing ellulosic fabrics. The encapsulation was developed through liquid‐phase separation method approached using various functional hydroxyl groups in HBPs; generation 2 (HBPs16) and generation 4 (HBPs64). The HBPs‐encapsulated pigment was characterized with thermal gravimetric analysis, environmental scanning/transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, X‐ray diffraction pattern, and contact angle analysis. The characterization demonstrated the successful encapsulation of phthalocyanine pigments into HBPs. It was shown that the encapsulated pigments improved the pigment print fixation on cellulosic fabrics immediately in one step and decreased the requested amount of the binder and fixation temperature relative to the control sample. The color strength and light fastness were greatly influenced by the generations of hyperbranched polyesters.