bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TO THE PROBLEM OF THE GEOGRAPHIC VARIABILITY OF THE ITALIAN LOCUST, CALLIPTAMUS ITALICUS ITALICUS (L.) (ORTHOPTERA, ACRIDIDAE)
Authors: Garanin K. E. , Chernyakhovsky M. E.
Published: April 2024

Clinal variations in a number of morphological characteristics are revealed in the acrid, these increasing from west to east, but decreasing from south to north. Variations seems to be caused by the influence of climatic factors such as the number of warm days and the amount of precipitation during the warm period. Records of the species in eastern Transbaikalia outside the known distribution range are presented.
GASTROPOD STATOLITHS AND THEIR USE AS RECORDING STRUCTURES
Authors: Khoroshutina O. A.
Published: April 2024

In various invertebrate groups, the gravity perception organ (statocyst) includes receptor cells and inertial mass. In gastropods, inertial mass can be represented by both multiple statoconia and single statoliths. Statoliths are small paired formations which are generally roughly spherical in shape and consist of calcium carbonate polymorphic modifications (mostly aragonite). The present review examines gastropod statolith ontogeny, including the early stages of their formation, analyzes the process of statolith growth in different gastropod species, their structure and morphometric characteristics, features of their internal structure, and the chemical and mineralogical composition. Different types of emerging concentric marks (growth rings, hatching/settling rings, rings marking other ontogenetic events) on the statoliths, and the reasons for their formation are discussed. The advantages of using statoliths as recording structures are considered. Verification data concerning the formation of annual marks on statoliths are also analyzed.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF GELECHIID MOTHS OF THE GENUS HELCYSTOGRAMMA ZELLER 1877 (LEPIDOPTERA, GELECHIIDAE) FROM PANAMA
Authors: Omelko M. M. , Omelko Н. V.
Published: April 2024

Two new species of the gelechiid moth genus Helcystogramma are described from Panama: H. jeffi sp. n. and H. almi sp. n. Based on male genitalia, they are assigned to the perelegans and trijunctum groups, respectively, both identified for the regional fauna of China. Helcystogramma effi sp. n. is morphologically similar to H. amethystias (Meyrick), from the Indo-Malay Region, and H. perelegans (N. Omelko et M. Omelko), from East Asia, but it differs by the uncus of the male genitalia bearing rounded lobes distally. Helcystogramma almi sp. n. in showing a variegate coloration of the wings is similar to H. carycastis (Meyrick), a species from Brazil and British Guiana, but in male genitalic structure it is closer to H. imagitrijunctum Li et Zhen and H. albilepidotum Li et Zhen, both from China.
EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF MULTIPLE PATERNITY ON THE IMMUNE STATUS OF SYRIAN HAMSTER (MESOCRICETUS AURATUS, CRICETIDAE, RODENTIA) YOUNG
Authors: Potashnikova E. V. , Kuznetsova E. V. , Feoktistova N. Yu. , Vasilieva N. A. , Meshcherskii S. I.
Published: April 2024

The effect of multiple paternity on the development of the humoral immune response in Syrian hamster pups was studied. The paternity type was found to be determined by 10 microsatellite markers. Pups were immunized with T-dependent antigens (fissurella hemocyanin, KLH) at 33 days of age, with the level of specific antibodies (anti-KLH IgG) measured in blood samples at 5, 10, 20 and 25 days after immunization. As much as 24% pups from multiple paternity litters and 25% from single paternity litters were revealed to develop no immune response. At the same time, in all pups that responded to immunization, the level of anti-KLH IgG significantly increased over time, starting with the 5th day after immunization. However, there were significant differences in the concentration of anti-KLH IgG in the blood serum of pups derived neither from litters with multiple paternity nor litters obtained from one male. Therefore, our results fail to support the hypothesis that multiple paternity enhances the immunity of Syrian hamster pups.
NEW DATA ON THE NORTHERN RANGE LIMIT AND CHROMOSOMAL SET OF THE USSURI WHITE TOOTHED SHREW (CROCIDURA LASIURA, SORICIDAE, LIPOTYPHLA)
Authors: Kartavtseva I. V. , Stepanova A. I.
Published: April 2024

In an intermontane kettle at the southwestern spurs of the Bureinsky Mountain Range, in the Bureya River basin, the Ussuri white-toothed shrew has been recorded for the first time. This locality lies north of the previously supposed species distribution range in the south of the Russian Far East. The study of the female karyotype has allowed us to describe the morphology of the chromosomes of Crocidura lasiura (2n = 40, NF = 54). The karyotype differs from the earlier published information (2n = 40, NF = 56) on the number of subtelocentric autosomes. The data obtained expand the northern range limit of the Ussuri white-toothed shrew and show variability in the number of chromosome arms (NFа = 50, 52).
RANGE EXPANSION AND POPULATION PATTERNS ON THE WAVE OF COLONIZATION: THE MIDDAY GERBIL (MERIONES MERIDIANUS PALLAS 1773, MURIDAE, RODENTIA) IN KALMYKIA TAKEN AS A MODEL
Authors: Tchabovsky A. V. , Surkova E. N. , Savinetskaya L. E. , Kulik A. A.
Published: April 2024

The mechanisms of species dispersal and colonization that drive the process of range expansion have always been in the focus of fundamental ecology. Normally, species ranges change slowly, but human activities through global processes (landscape transformations, climate warming, and biological invasions) have speeded up changes in species distributions, thus providing opportunities to observe and study range shifts in real time. In Kalmykia, southern European Russia, human-induced landscape transformations from desert to steppe and vice versa, allowed us to study the colonization process as a result of range expansion in the desert-dwelling rodent, Midday gerbil (Meriones meridianus). We studied the population dynamics, demographic characteristics of gerbils, their physical conditions, and infestation with fleas on the wave of colonization compared to the source population. We found that, during recent years, the species range has been rapidly expanding to the west, where gerbils have formed new colonies. The colonists differed significantly from the residents of the source population in a lower average body weight, this being associated not with the poorer physical condition, but with age structure: the fertility rate of female colonists was much higher, and the population of colonists was much younger, compared to the source population. In addition, colonists were much less infested with fleas. Our findings indicate that the population of colonists on the wave of colonization does not experience the negative effects of low numbers, whereas the age structure and high reproductive rate of the younger population accounts for its rapid growth and expansion.This research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project number 22-14-00223, https://rscf.ru/project/22-14-00223/).
MAMMALIAN CYTOGENETICS AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHROMOSOMAL DIAGNOSES AND THE SPECIES SYSTEM
Authors: Orlov V. N. , Lyapunova E. A. , Baskevich M. I. , Kartavtseva I. V. , Malygin V. M. , Bulatova N. Sh.
Published: April 2024

An overview of the studies on the sets of chromosomes in Palaearctic mammals is presented, conducted by Russian karyologists who have made important contributions to the improvement of mammalian taxonomy. As for many mammalian species the process of speciation could have been associated with variability in the number and morphology of chromosomes, karyotypes are often used as diagnostic features of morphologically similar cryptic species (twin species). The prospects of cytogenetic research in the field of speciation are discussed, in particular, the selection-based reinforcement of reproductive isolation initiated by chromosomal rearrangements.
Two new species of Anderemaeus (Acari, Oribatida, Anderemaeidae) from Peru
Authors: Ermilov S. G. , Shtanchaeva U. Ya. , Subías L. S.
Published: April 2024

The oribatid mite genus Anderemaeus (Oribatida, Anderemaeidae) is recorded from Peru for the first time. Two new species of this genus, A. friedrichi sp. n. and A. paracapitatus sp. n., are described based on material collected from soil and litter in Andean mountain forests.
NEW OR LITTLE-KNOWN CRICKETS OF THE SUBFAMILY PHALANGOPSINAE (ORTHOPTERA, GRYLLIDAE). 15. THE TRIBE PARAGRYLLINI FROM PANAMA
Authors: Gorokhov A. V.
Published: April 2024

The following new taxa are described from Panama: Panamacla invaginata gen. et sp. n. from the subtribe Mexiaclina Gorochov 2014; Aclella (Selvacla) totumas sp. n., Neoacla (Superacla) omelkoi sp. n. and N. (S.) mikhaili sp. n. from the subtribe Neoaclina Desutter 1988, as well as Paragryllus specularis sp. n. from the subtribe Paragryllina Desutter 1988. All these subtribes, genera and subgenera are recorded from Panama for the first time. The former genus Selvacla Otte 2006 stat. n. and the subgenus Hattersleya Nischk et Otte 2000 stat. resurr. are resurrected from synonymy as subgenera of the genera Aclella Desutter-Grandcolas 2000 and Neoacla Desutter 1988, respectively. The subgenus Superacla Gorochov 2009 stat. resurr. is restored in the status of a subgenus of the genus Neoacla.
NEW SPECIES OF BRISTLETAILS OF THE FAMILY MACHILIDAE (MICROCORYPHIA) FROM TAJIKISTAN
Authors: Kaplin V. G.
Published: April 2024

Two new species from the bristletai family Machilidae are described from Tajikistan, Central Asia: Allopsontus sogdianus sp. n. and Silvestrichilis perfectus sp. n. Allopsontus sogdianus sp. n. seems to be particularly similar to A. pulchellus (Kaplin 1982), a species of the subgenus Anisopsontus from the Dzhungarsky Alatau Mountains, southeastern Kazakhstan, as their males share many small, dark, specialized bristles on the ventral surface of articles 2–7 of the maxillary palps. Allopsontus sogdianus sp. n. differs from A. pulchellus by the length of the body, the structure of the antennae, the number of articles in the distal parts of the antennae, the color and structure of the eyes and paired ocelli, the maxillary palps, the sensory field on the femora of the male forelegs, the relative length of the styli on the males and females urites VIII and IX, the number of articles of the ovipositor and male parameres. Males of Silvestrichilis perfectus sp. n. are with 4–5 almost vertical, thickened, needle-like bristles on the second articles of the fore, middle and hind tarsi, this being one of the main morphological features of this genus. Silvestrichilis perfectus sp. n. differs from other species of the genus first of all by the presence of sensory fields on the fore and middle femora of males.
THE POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE SYMBIOTIC CRAB, TRAPEZIA SEPTATA (DECAPODA, TRAPEZIIDAE) AT THE EARLY STAGES OF CORAL COLONY DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Merkin V. A. , Britayev T. A.
Published: April 2024

Symbiotic invertebrates play crucial roles in coral reef ecosystems due to their extremely high abundance and biomass, and by maintaining coral fitness and protecting them from predation. Among these invertebrates, symbiotic crabs of the family Trapeziidae are especially important for branching corals of the family Pocilloporidae. In this research, we studied the spatial arrangement and parameters of the populations of the symbiotic crab, Trapezia septata at the early stage of Pocillopora verrucosa colony formation. The study was conducted based on symbionts sampled from small coral colonies exposed for three months at a coral nursery in the Nha Trang Bay, Vietnam. As much as 59.5% of the study colonies are shown to be inhabited by the T. septata crab. The percentage of inhabited colonies grows proportionately to their volume. The male to female ratio is 1.4, being skewed to males. The number of males and females is increased with the volume of inhabited colonies, as is the average size of individuals. Individual colonies are commonly inhabited by a single crab or heterosexual pairs. Sexual dimorphism was found, females being larger than males. A positive relationship between the sizes of males and females in pairs was revealed, as in 73% pairs females were larger than males. The size of the clutch correlated positively to the size of the female. We hypothesize that the predominance of males in the population, as well as the individuals located among the hosts one by one, is the result of intersexual competition
SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR IN THE CHICKS OF THE BLACK-HEADED GULL (LARUS RIDIBUNDUS, LARIDAE, CHARADRIIFORMES) IN THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Minina M. A. , Agafonova E. Yu. , Druzyaka A. V.
Published: April 2024

Sexual differentiation of social behavior in gulls and its mechanisms remain unexplored beyond the breeding season. We described the development of aggressive territorial behavior in males and females of black-headed gulls at the age of 1–4 weeks, modeling the intrusion of a peer to the nesting territory. We also hypothesized that the sex differentiation of aggressive behavior may appear as a consequence of the development of small early differences between siblings in behavioral stress response. To test this assumption, we investigated the relationship between the priority among brood in aggressive contact with the intruder, and the within-broods level of activity of a chick to stress. To measure the behavioral stress response, we used the social isolation of chicks within a small water area with an island in the middle. Longer attempts to swim outside the fenced area were regarded as a more proactive stress response. At the age of up to 3 weeks, there were no sex differences in the aggressiveness, but the stress response of males was more proactive than that of their sisters, and a more proactive chick in the brood was usually the first to attack the intruder. At the fourth week of life, the aggressiveness of males increased significantly, and in broods of two sexes, brothers began to play a leading role in protecting the nesting territory in the absence of parents. They attacked the intruder more often and made aggressive calls more frequently. Thus, we were the first to reveal sexual differentiation of territorial behavior in gull chicks in the pre-fledging period. Our results suggest that under natural conditions, where the intruder does not persist in staying in the other nest, but recedes immediately when counteracted, more proactive males use to attack the intruder earlier than sisters do. As a result, they gain experience of aggressive interactions, and develop higher abilities of aggressive responses to social challenges.
NEW DATA ON THE FAUNA OF LEAF-BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) FROM THE SOUTH OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST
Authors: Romantsov P. V.
Published: April 2024

Four species are recorded from Russia for the first time: Altica cirsicola Ohno 1960, Neocrepidodera recticollis (Jacoby 1885), Sphaeroderma tarsatum Baly 1874 and Cassida koreana Borowiec Cho 2011. A new colour form of Cryptocephalus flavoscutellaris Medvedev 1973 is described from Sakhalin. The variability of body coloration in Cryptocephalus nigrofasciatus Jacoby 1885 is discussed. The following synonymy is confirmed: Cryptocephalus nigrofasciatus Jacoby 1885 = Cryptocephalus turpis Chen 1942. Two taxa, Cryptocephalus sagamensis Tomov 1982 from South Korea and C. nigrofasciatus are probably conspecific. A new record of Altica caerulescens (Baly 1874) from Russia is provided and its differences from Altica viridicyanea (Baly 1874) are given. New data on the rare Aphthona ussuriensis Romantsov 2021 and Monolepta pallidula (Baly 1874) are presented. The status of three similar species of the genus Sphaeroderma Stephens 1831 (S. fuscicorne Baly 1864, S. akebiae Ohno 1964 and S. unicolor Kimoto 1965) is discussed. А new identification key to all species of this genus from the Russian Far East is compiled. Characters for distinguishing Cassida koreana Borowiec Cho 2011 from Cassida vespertina Boheman 1862 are given. Dorsal habitus photographs of adults and their genitalia are provided for all aforementioned species and their close allies.
PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY AND HOSTAL VARIABILITY OF PROTEOCEPHALUS LONGICOLLIS (ZEDER 1800) (CESTODA, PROTEOCEPHALIDAE), A PARASITE OF SALMONIFORMES FISHES OF SIBERIA
Authors: Anikieva L. V. , Lebedeva D. I.
Published: April 2024

Intraspecific variability of the cestode, P. longicollis was studied from three host species, the Nelma (Stenodus nelma), the Lenok (Brachymistax lenok), and the Malma (Salvelinus malma) of fish order Salmoniformes. Host forms of helminthes were found to be similar in intrapopulation diversity and in the proportion of rare forms evaluated by polymorphious features of the scolex shape and sexually mature segments. Hostal differences in morphophysiological traits, such as the attachment, trophics and reproduction, were revealed. The parasites from Nelma are shown to phenotypically be the most diverse. These forms show the maximum heterogeneity of diversity and distribution frequencies. The conclusion is drawn that the helminthes respond to changes in the habitat conditions in the host predominantly by plastic traits.
REDESCRIPTION OF MORARIA (BAIKALOMORARIA) WERESTSCHAGINI BORUTZKY 1949 (COPEPODA, HARPACTICOIDA, CANTHOCAMPTIDAE) FROM LAKE BAIKAL
Authors: Alekseeva T. M. , Timoshkin O. A.
Published: April 2024

This report is the second of a series devoted to redescriptions of members of Baikalomoraria based on modern research methods. An illustrated redescription of the female and male of Moraria (Baikalomoraria) werestschagini Borutzky 1949, a rare endemic harpacticoid species from the littoral zone of Lake Baikal, is presented. Since the type material of the species was lost, it became necessary to select a neotype. For the first time, the morphology of this species was studied in detail using scanning electron microscopy, and a description of the mouthparts and antennules was given. The description of the swimming legs was significantly supplemented and the structure of the genital field was shown, including data on the morphological variability of limbs. In addition, we briefly describe the fifth copepodite stages of the male and female. The fifth copepodite stage of the female was found to bear long apical setae on the caudal rami, vs adult females characterized by short setae more similar to spines.
PALLAS’ SPADEFOOT, PELOBATES VESPERTINUS (PALLAS 1771) (AMPHIBIA, PELOBATIDAE), THE SECOND AMPHIBIAN SPECIES TO TOLERATE EXTREME HYPOXIA
Authors: Berman D. I. , Bulakhova N. A. , Meshcheryakova E. N. , Rogulenko A. V. , Shishikina K. I.
Published: April 2024

Pallas’ spadefoot is a Eurasian species of amphibian that winters for about half a year at a depth to 200 cm, always below the level of freezing, since it does not survive negative temperatures. However, significantly digging into the soil can cause oxygen deficiency. The minimum sufficient for a long-term existence of Pelobates vespertinus and the lethal oxygen content in the air were revealed, as well as metabolic pathways were evaluated under the conditions of normoxia and hypoxia in laboratory experiments. Beside this, the seasonal dynamics of temperatures and oxygen concentrations in sandy loam soils at different depths were determined in a typical wintering biotope of the species (the Oka River valley). Animals have been found to be capable of withstanding a tenfold decrease in oxygen content in soils compared to atmospheric oxygen for more than two months, thereby remaining quite active. When the concentration is decrease 20 times (up to 1%), a state of coma occurs, which is reversible if it lasts not more than a day. This shows a high degree of resistance of the species to stress resulting from reoxygenation and staying in an environment with variable oxygen levels. Thus, P. vespertinus is the second amphibian species following the Siberian frog (Rana amurensis), which can tolerate its complete absence for a long time (several months). Compared to body weight, the spadefoot has small storage organs (fat bodies and liver) and a low content of reserve substances (lipids and glycogen) in tissues, which are usually consumed at a low rate in normoxia at 3°C. During hypoxia, lipid utilisation is suspended and glycogen consumption is increased, indicating a shift from aerobic to predominantly anaerobic metabolism. The cumulative effect of reduced metabolism due to low temperature (3°C) and the activation of glycolysis due to the lack of oxygen provides a high level of resistance to hypoxia, distinguishing Pallas’ spadefoot from other swarming amphibian species studied. The oxygen content in the ground air of typical places at wintering depths (in sandy massifs) is shown to coincide with the atmospheric oxygen. The ubiquitous choice by the species of wintering areas with loose soils is assumed to be associated not with their excellent aeration, but rather with the ease of digging. The results obtained seem to be promising for using the study spadefoot (and possibly other species of the spadefoot genus, as well as burrowing toads) as model for exploring the adaptations to air oxygen deficiency.
A NEW SPECIES OF THE BRISTLETAIL GENUS CTENOLEPISMA (ZYGENTOMA, LEPISMATIDAE) FROM SOUTHWESTERN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Kaplin V. G.
Published: April 2024

A new bristletail species is described from Kazakhstan: Ctenolepisma capsicum sp. n. It seems to be especially similar to such congeners common in Kazakhstan and Central Asia as C. mauritanicum (Lucas 1846), C. turkestanicum Kaplin Shakula 2022 and C. przewalsky Kaplin 1982, which all share a medium-sized and weakly to moderately pigmented body, two pairs of abdominal styli, the absence of bristle combs from abdominal sternites I and II, and of medial combs from all abdominal sternites; and urosternites III–VIII and the posterior edge of thoracic tergites each with 1 + 1 sublateral bristle combs. The first tergite of their abdomen bears 1 + 1 lateral, the second 2 + 2 or 3 + 3, terga III–VII each with 3 + 3, and tergite VIII with 2 + 2 bristle combs. These species differ well from each other in the number of sensory papillae on the apical article of the labial palps, the length ratios of the distal part of the prosternum occupied by bristle combs, and in the total length of the prosternum, the chaetotaxy of the second tergite of the abdomen, thoracic sternites, and the number of ovipositor articles.
MICROSTOMUM ROGOZINI SP. N. (PLATHELMINTHES, DOLICHOMICROSTOMIDA, MICROSTOMIDAE) FROM LAKE BAIKAL
Authors: Krivorotkin R. S. , Timoshkin O. A.
Published: April 2024

An illustrated description of Microstomum rogozini sp. n. is given. Based on original material collected over the period 1994–2008, this new species can be concluded to belong to the most common and numerous representatives of microstomids inhabiting Lake Baikal. Individuals of this species are bright orange, transparent, consisting of one-two zooids, in the sexually mature state they have a solid spiral-twisted stylet with 3.5 whorls. Its length ranges from 120 to 170, with an average of about 145 µm. The distal opening is trough-shaped, located on the distal half-whorl. Comparisons, as well as the distribution, variability and ecology of this species are also given.
THE NORTHERN HARRIER (CIRCUS HUDSONIUS (LINNAEUS 1766), ACCIPITRIDAE, AVES), A SPECIES NEW TO RUSSIA’S AVIFAUNA
Authors: Zinevich L. C. , Tomkovich P. S.
Published: April 2024

Feathers of an unknown bird of prey were collected on the coastal plain tundra near Meinypil’gyno (62°32′ N, 177°03′ E), SE Chukotka on June 5, 2021. An analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and sex chromosome CHD1 gene fragments from DNA isolated from the feathers showed with full confidence that the feathers belonged to a male of the Nearctic Northern Harrier (Circus hudsonius (Linnaeus 1766)), formerly considered as being a subspecies of the Holarctic Hen Harrier (C. cyaneus (Linnaeus 1766)). No specimens of the American Harrier from the northern Far East of Russia are contained in the collections of the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University and the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Few other known visual observations of harriers in Chukotka are not properly documented for their correct species identification. The revealed vagrant American Harrier documents the first record of this species in Russia generally and in Chukotka in particular.
STATE OF POPULATIONS AND BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE HORNED PUFFIN (FRATERCULA CORNICULATA ALCIDAE, CHARADRIIFORMES) IN THE NORTHERN PART OF THE SEA OF OKHOTSK
Authors: Golubova E. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The breeding biology of the Horned Puffin, Fratercula corniculata, was studied in 1989–2019 on Talan Island, Tauiskaya Bay, Sea of Okhotsk. Even though the estimates of the population size of the Horned Puffin made in the early 1990s and 2007–2008 (90–100 and 75–112 thousand individuals, respectively) failed to reveal its dynamics due to different study methods applied, data on the nesting density in these periods indicated its increase by more than 30%. In subsequent years, higher bird densities were recorded on the surface of model screes. Taking into account these data, the maximum numbers of horned puffins on the island could reach 166 thousand individuals. Depending on ice cover conditions, the dates of the onset of egg laying varied between June 6 in 1990 and June 17–18 in 1987, 1999 and 2001, the average long-term date being June 11. Chicks in different years started hatching between July 17 to 29, the average long-term being July 22. The weight of hatchlings varied from 35 to 53 g (mean 47.2). The average weight of monthly chicks in 1999–2006 ranged from 145 to 329 g, in some individuals from 80 to 410 g. The average age of the young birds captured on the ground was 44.7 days. The first individuals were recorded in different years at the end of August (August 27–30) and at the beginning of September (September 2). According to indirect estimates, fledglings left nest burrows between September 10 and 20, to end in late September to early October. The average weight of fledglings heading to the sea in 1987, 1988, 1989 and 1991 was 349, 338, 347 and 318 g, respectively. The wing length varied from 153 to 156 mm. The reproductive success of horned puffins varied from 10.3 to 90.5% (on average 56.4%), the hatching success from 19.8 to 95.2% (on average 75.5%), the fledging success from 26.7 to 100% (on average 74.6%). In the long-term aspect, the breeding success was most often quite high, with the exception of 2001, 2009–2012 and 2014–2015, when this indicator was lower than the long-term average. Among terrestrial mammals, red foxes cause the main threat to adult horned puffins living on the island, as well as to their clutches and chicks descending to the sea, but foxes fail not render a significant impact on the state of the horned puffin population. Due to their small numbers, these predators control only a certain parts of the island, while horned puffins are dispersed almost throughout its territory, where in most cases they are safe from fox predation. Voles act as utilizers of already abandoned eggs. Slaty-backed gulls and ravens do not attack adult horned puffins, but willingly eat adult birds found dead, as well as dead or still alive chicks during their descent to the sea. Adult birds are also taken, albeit rarely, by Steller’s sea eagles.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PLUMAGE MASS OF THE DEMOISELLE CRANE (ANTHROPOIDES VIRGO L. 1758) AND THE EURASIAN CRANE (GRUS GRUS L. 1758) (AVES, GRUIFORMES)
Authors: Ilyashenko V. Yu. , Kondrakova K. D.
Published: April 2024

The distribution of the mass of both down and down feathers along the pterilia of the Demoiselle crane and the Eurasian crane has been described for the first time. Fundamental differences in the plumage structure of these closely related species living in the summer in different climatic zones have been revealed. On the ventral side of the body of the Eurasian crane, the proportion of down and down feathers is significantly greater than on the dorsal side, whereas the proportion of the downy part of the contour feather vane is 1.5 to 2 times less. The additional down feather exceeds 2 cm, as a rule. Such a distribution of fluff ensures effective thermoregulation in this cold- and moisture-resistant species. In the Demoiselle crane, the abundance of down and down feathers on the ventral side of the body is 3 times less than on the dorsal side and 2 times less than in the Eurasian crane. On the dorsal side of the body, the proportion of fluff is almost 1.5 times greater than that of the Eurasian crane. The proportion of the downy part of the contour feather vane on feathers of different sizes on the dorsal and ventral sides is approximately the same. The contour feather contains predominantly umbilical fluff. Such a structure of the integument on the ventral side of the body allows the Demoiselle Crane, an inhabitant of hot climates, to better ventilate the thickness of the plumage and to increase the heat transfer of the body to the environment. The large proportion of downy structures on the dorsal side prevents heat from penetrating the skin.
VOCALIZATION AND BEHAVIOR OF THE SOOTY-HEADED BULBUL (PYCNONOTUS AURIGASTER), THE STREAK-EARED BULBUL (PYCNONOTUS CONRADI) AND THE STRIPE-THROATED BULBUL (PYCNONOTUS FINLAYSONI) (PYCNONOTIDAE, AVES) IN SOUTHERN VIETNAM
Authors: Kolesnikova Y. A. , Van Linh Nguyen , Opaev Alexey
Published: April 2024

The bulbul family Pycnonotidae is an Old-World group of tropical birds that plays important roles in tree seed dispersal. The behavior and vocalization of bulbuls have been studied only in a few species. The present study’s objective is to describe, for the first time, the acoustic and social behavior of three species of bulbuls of the genus Pycnonotus: the Sooty-headed bulbul (P. aurigaster), the Streak-eared bulbul (P. conradi), and the Stripe-throated bulbul (P. finlaysoni). Field studies were conducted from November 2021 to May 2022 in the Cattien National Park, Dong Nai Province, Vietnam, where all three species are sympatric and tend to inhabit disturbed biotopes. We analyzed “observations”, that is, a single record of a bird or a group of birds of a given species. During each observation (about 800 in total), the behavior of the birds was described and, when possible, vocalizations were recorded. The total duration of phonograms of all three species amounted to ca 227 min. The sooty-headed and streak-eared bulbuls are social birds that kept pairs throughout the year, but often, especially during the non-breeding season, gathered in larger groups. Pair members and individuals from neighboring pairs maintained acoustic contact with each other all the time. To do so, they used calls: broadband calls (noise sounds without clear structure, but with a wide continuous frequency spectrum) emitted by streak-eared bulbuls, vs tonal calls (musical sounds showing one clearly defined frequency) by sooty-headed bulbuls. Both these species singing were only rarely observed, this possibly being due to reduced territorial behavior in these birds. The Stripe-throated bulbul differs from the other two in singing more frequently, along with producing calls, and the song could be used for territorial purposes. We assume that territorial behavior is better expressed in stripe-headed bulbuls than in the other two species. However, even stripe-throated bulbuls did not react to playback simulated territorial intrusion in our experiments. We assume that vocalizations play important roles in the communication of the three species because we noted these or those sounds in almost all observations. Moreover, we observed a general increase in vocal activity at the beginning of the breeding season (February–March). In addition, during this time, bulbuls were most often to sing.
THE FORMATION OF SPRINGTAIL ASSEMBLAGES (HEXAPODA, COLLEMBOLA) ALONG A RETREATING TSEY GLACIER, NORTH OSSETIA – ALANIA
Authors: Antipova M. D. , Babenko A. B.
Published: April 2024

Successional changes in springtail communities were studied along a retreating Tsey Glacier at 2336 to 2071 m a.s.l. Springtails were collected from 10 sites of different ages ranging from 1 to 170 years. The sites covered the main stages of surface overgrowth, from a bare ground through a grassy-shrub stage to mixed and then mature pine forests. Springtails appeared already during the first year after the glacier’s retreat and were represented by a species of the genus Desoria, a peculiar inhabitant of bare rocky-sandy soils. During the first 7–14 years of succession, rapid changes in population and species composition repeatedly occurred. Both abundance and species diversity of springtails sharply increased at the grassy-shrub stage (14 years) and reached their maximum at later ones. Starting with this intermediate stage, springtail assemblages were primarily composed of widespread generalists belonging to euedaphic and hemiedaphic life forms. Beginning from this point, the pace of succession gradually slowed down. Approximately 100 years since, springtail communities reached a level of diversity similar to that found in mature mountain forest communities in the region. However, their species composition and structure remained quite distinctive. A comparison with similar foreign studies showed the composition of periglacial springtail communities to exhibit high-level regional specificity.
THE STUDY OF MICROBIAL ASSOCIATIONS HELPS US UNDERSTAND THE LIFESTYLE OF TEREBELLIDES CF. STROEMII (ANNELIDA, TEREBELLIFORMIA, TRICHOBRANCHIDAE) IN THE WHITE SEA
Authors: Tzetlin A. B. , Klyukina A. A. , Elcheninov A. G. , Shcherbakova P. A. , Gavirova L. A. , Shestakov A. I. , Vortsepneva E. V. , Zhadan A. E. , Kublanov I. V.
Published: April 2024

Polychaete annelids are one of the main components of oceanic benthos, but little is known about their microbial symbionts. The purpose of this work is to study the microbiome associated with representatives of Terebellides cf. stroemii and to describe their lifestyle in the White Sea. To do this, the worms and their tubes were examined using light and electron microscopy, and the composition of the microbiome was studied by sequencing the hypervariable V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. The tubes of Terebellides cf. stroemii are shown to be loose and, most likely, temporary, whereas the worms dig actively into the ground, yet spending part of their time collecting food from the ground surface with the help of tentacles. Bacteria were found neither in integument cells nor in the intestinal epithelium. Phylogenetic and cluster analyses revealed significant differences in the taxonomic composition of the microbiomes of T. cf. stroemii worms from the soil microbiome and allowed us to determine specific components of the microbiomes of intestines and tentacles, whereas the microbiomes of bottom sediments and worm tubes appeared to be similar. The microbiomes of the tubes are dominated by Pseudomonadota, Desulfobacterota and Bacteroidota. While the intestines are home to Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota, Bacillota, Cyanobacteriota, Chloroflexota and Planctomycetota, this bacterial community is very different from the microbiomes both of the surrounding sediment and the tentacles. The microbiome of the tentacles of T. cf. stroemii differs significantly from that of the surrounding soil, tube and intestine, as it contains Pseudomonadota, Bacillota and Bacteroidota, in addition to a significant number of representatives of the archaeal superfilium DPANN observed in two samples. Modern technologies for studying microbiomes demonstrate the presence of specific communities of microorganisms associated with the study species, with a combination of morphological and molecular methods being promising for studying the microbiomes associated with marine annelids and their functional relationships with the animals.
NEW LOCATIONS OF SOME HYGROMYIDS (GASTROPODA, STYLOMMATOPHORA, HYGROMIIDAE) IN THE SOUTH OF WESTERN SIBERIA
Authors: Udaloi A. V.
Published: April 2024

A new locality of Chilanodon bicallosa is recorded from near the village of Basandaika in the Tomsk District of the Tomsk Region. Lindholmomneme nordenskioldi is distributed north to the latitude of the village of Parabel in the Parabel District of the Tomsk Region. Noneulota surprisa was found in the vicinity of the village of Yaylyu in the Turochak District of the Altai Republic. Euomphalia strigella is recorded in the vicinity of the village of Bakchar in the Bakcharsky District of the Tomsk Region.
Synthesis and Structure of Tetraphenylstibonium Organosulfonates Ph4SbOSO2R, R = C10H15O, C10H4(OH-1)(NO2)2-2,4, C10H7-1, C6H4(COOH-2)
Authors: Senchurin V. S. , Sharutin V. V. , Sharutina O. K. , Krasnoselskaya V. V.
Published: April 2024

The reaction of equimolar amounts of pentaphenylantimony with camphor-10-sulfonic, 2,4-dinitro-1-naphthol-7-sulfonic (flavianic), 1-naphthalenesulfonic, and 2-sulfobenzoic acids in benzene resulted in the synthesis of tetraphenylstibonium organosulfonates Ph4SbOSO2C10H15O∙H2O (I), Ph4SbOSO2C10H4(OH-1)(NO2)2-2,4∙PhH (II), Ph4SbOSO2(C10H7-1)∙H2O (III), and Ph4SbOSO2C6H4(COOH-2) (IV). According to X-ray diffraction data (CCDC no. 2119791 (I), 2121381 (II), 2116582 (III), and 2123516 (IV), the crystal of I contains trigonal-bipyramidal sulfonate molecules (the axial Sb−C and Sb−O bond lengths are 2.130(3) and 2.565(2) Å, respectively) and hydration water molecules, which form a centrosymmetric eight-membered ring (the S=O∙∙∙H−O−H∙∙∙O=S distances are 2.06 and 2.21 Å). In the molecules of II, the metal atom geometry is a distorted trigonal bipyramid (the axial Sb−C and Sb−O bonds are 2.133(2) and 2.643(3) Å, respectively). The Sb−O distance (2.842(3) Å) is longer in III than in I or II; the hydration water molecules form centrosymmetric twelve-membered rings with the anions (the S=O∙∙∙H−O−H∙∙∙O=S distances are 2.02 and 2.05 Å). Meanwhile, the crystal of compound IV consists of tetrahedral tetraphenylstibonium cations and (2-carboxy)benzenesulfonate anions with the intramolecular O−H∙∙∙O=S hydrogen bond (1.75 Å).
Cobalt(II) and Copper(II) Complexes with New Ditopic Ligand 5-(2-(1H-Tetrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-1H-tetrazole: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Lavrenova L. G. , Grigor’ev E. Yu. , Komarov V. Yu. , Glinskaya L. A. , Lavrov A. N. , Grigor’ev Yu. V.
Published: April 2024

A procedure for the synthesis of the new ditopic ligand combining in the structure 1- and 5-substituted tetrazolyl cycles, 5-(2-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-1H-tetrazole (HL), is developed. The coordination compounds of Co(II) and Cu(II) halides [Co(HL)2Cl2], [Cu(HL)2Cl2], [Cu(HL)2Br2], and [CuL2(H2O)]n based on ligand HL are synthesized. The complexes are studied by elemental analysis, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and static magnetic susceptibility. The crystal structure of the molecular coordination polymer [CuL2(H2O)]n is determined by XRD (CIF file CCDC no. 2127210). The temperature and field dependences of the magnetization show that the magnetic properties of the synthesized Cu(II) complexes are due to exchange interactions in one-dimensional chains of the copper ions (S = 1/2). For complex [Cu(HL)2Br2], the parameters are shifted toward the enhancement of the antiferromagnetic interaction compared to the analog containing the chloride ion.
The First Perylene Complexes of Neodymium and Dysprosium
Authors: Balashova T. V. , Polyakova S. K. , Fagin A. A. , Ilichev V. A. , Kozhanov K. A. , Baranov E. V. , Fukin G. K. , Bochkarev M. N.
Published: April 2024

Neodymium and dysprosium perylene complexes LnI(Per)(DME)2⋅Per (Ln = Nd, Dy) were obtained for the first time by the reaction of the Ln diiodides with perylene in dimethoxyethane. The structure of dysprosium complex was established by X-ray diffraction (CCDC no. 2184200). Experimental–theoretical electron density analysis was performed to specify the type of coordination between the dysprosium cation and perylene in DyI(Per)(DME)2⋅Per. Despite the identical composition, the Nd and Dy complexes have different structures, which is reflected in their luminescence properties.
Synthesis, Structure, and Electron Density Distribution in Crystals of K2(L-Trp)2(H2O) (HTrp = Tryptophane)
Authors: Bondareva N. A. , Purygin P. P. , Zarubin Yu. P. , Dorovatovskii P. V. , Korlyukov A. A. , Vologzhanina A. V.
Published: April 2024

The first salt of alkaline metal and L-tryptophane, K2(L-Trp)2(H2O) (I), is synthesized by the reaction of L-tryptophane (HTrp) with potassium hydroxide in an aqueous-alcohol solution. Compound I is characterized by IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) (CIF file CCDC no. 2184367). Compound I is found to have a layered structure due to the presence of the bridging water molecule and chelate-bridging anions. The quantum chemical calculations of the crystal structure (PBE, plane-wave basis set, 800 eV) is used to evaluate the strength of interactions of the potassium ion with the L-tryptophanate anion (depending on the coordination type) and the influence of the anion conformation on the strength of coordination, hydrophobic, and hydrophilic interactions.
Structure and Thermal Characteristics of Bis(triethylammonium)-tetrakis(3,5-dinitro-2-pyridonato)cobalt(II)
Authors: Nikiforova M. E. , Kayumova D. B. , Malkerova I. P. , Alikhanyan A. S. , Kiskin M. A. , Sidorov A. A. , Khoroshilov A. V. , Dalinger I. L. , Starosotnikov A. M. , Bastrakov M. A. , Eremenko I. L.
Published: April 2024

The ionic compound [Co(OC5H2N(NO2)2)4]((C2H5)3NH)2 (I) was synthesized by the reaction of CoCl2·6H2O with 2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitropyridine in acetonitrile in the presence of triethylamine as a deprotonating agent. The structure of compound I was studied by X-ray diffraction (CCDC no. 2196071) and thermodynamic characteristics of I were determined.
Monovalent Thulium. Synthesis and Properties of TmI
Authors: Fagin A. A. , Bukhvalova S. Yu. , Kuropatov V. A. , Bochkarev M. N.
Published: April 2024

The reaction of thulium shavings with iodine at 680°C gave a poorly separable product mixture A, consisting of thulium metal (65%), TmI2 (14%), and TmI (21%). Monovalent thulium iodide could not be isolated in a pure state, but its presence among the products was confirmed, apart from magnetic measurements, by reactions with naphthalene and perylene, which proceed under mild conditions. The reaction of TmI with naphthalene, which takes place at –40°C, affords the trivalent thulium complex with naphthalene dianion, [TmI(C10H8)(DME)3]. The multistep reaction with perylene starts with the formation of the divalent thulium radical anion complex, [(TmI)+(C20H12)–•(DME)3], and ends in the formation of trivalent thulium complex, [(TmI)2+(C20H12)2–(DME)3]. The presence of a radical anion intermediate in the reaction mixture in an early stage was confirmed by ESR spectroscopy.
Bromoantimonates(III) vs. Bromobismuthates(III): Differences in the Tendency for the Formation of Polynuclear Complexes
Authors: Usoltsev A. N. , Korol’kov I. V. , Adonin S. A.
Published: April 2024

Pyridine-based Sb(III) bromide complexes with doubly charged cations, (PyC3)3[Sb2Br9]2 (I), (PyC4)[Sb2Br8] (II), (PyC5)2[α-Sb4Br16] (III), (PyC6)2[Sb2Br10] (IV), (4-MePyC2)2[Sb2Br10] (V), (4‑MePyC3)2[α-Sb4Br16] (VI), and (4-MePyC5)2[α-Sb4Br16] (VII), were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction (CCDC nos. 2204718–2204724). The structures of these compounds were compared with the structures of related bromobismuthates(III).
New Uranyl Succinate-Containing Polymers: Synthesis and Structure
Authors: Serezhkina L. B. , Grigoriev M. S. , Sukacheva M. V. , Rogaleva E. F. , Serezhkin V. N.
Published: April 2024

Two uranyl succinate polymers, NH4[UO2(Suc)(HSuc)]∙H2O (I) and [UO2(Suc)(H2O)2] (II), where Suc = succinate ion (C4H4O2−4), were synthesized and studied by X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and thermography (CCDC nos. 2202634 and 2202635, respectively). The main structural units in the crystals of I are infinite zigzag chains [UO2(Suc)(HSuc)]–, corresponding to the AQ02B01 crystal chemical formula (A = UO2+2,Q02 = C4H4O2−4,B01 = C4H5O−4). It was established that in structure II, the electrically neutral [UO2(Suc)(H2O)2] chains correspond to the AQ02M12crystal chemical formula (A = UO2+2,Q02 = C4H4O2−4,M1 = H2O). The intermolecular interactions in structures I and II were analyzed using the method of molecular Voronoi–Dirichlet polyhedra.
Preparation of Water-Soluble Zinc(II) Complexes with Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid: Molecular Structure of Zinc Ethylenediaminetetraacetate Trihydrate
Authors: Semenov V. V. , Zolotareva N. V. , Novikova O. V. , Petrov B. I. , Lazarev N. M. , Rumyantsev R. V. , Lopatin M. A. , Lopatina T. I. , Kovylina T. A. , Razov E. N.
Published: April 2024

Poorly soluble zinc ethylenediaminetetraacetate zincate Zn[ZnL] reacts with sodium Na4L, potassium K4L, ammonium (NH4)4L, 2-ammonioethanol (H3NCH2CH2OH)4L, and hexamethylene-1,6-diammonium {H3N(CH2)6NH3}2L salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid H4L to give readily soluble sodium Na2[ZnL], potassium K2[ZnL], ammonium (NH4)2[ZnL], 2-ammonioethanol (H3NCH2CH2OH)2[ZnL], and hexamethylene-1,6-diammonium {H3N(CH2)6NH3}[ZnL] ethylenediaminetetraacetate zincates. The reaction of tetrakis(triethylammonium) salt {(C2H5)3NH}4L with Zn[ZnL] does not give the expected bis(triethylammonium) ethylenediaminetetraacetate zincate {(C2H5)3NH}2[ZnL], but gives instead mono(triethylammonium) ethylenediaminetetraacetate zincate, {(C2H5)3NH}H[ZnL]; in aqueous solution, this product generates poorly soluble zinc ethylenediaminetetraacetate H2[ZnL(H2O)]·2H2O, which was studied by X-ray diffraction (CCDC no. 2172274).
Heterophase Synthesis of Silver Trifluoroacetate with Copper, Indium, and Zinc. Standard Enthalpy of Formation of Copper Trifluoroacetate
Authors: Malkerova I. P. , Kayumova D. B. , Belova E. V. , Shmelev M. A. , Sidorov A. A. , Eremenko I. L. , Alikhanyan A. S.
Published: April 2024

Solid-phase reactions of silver trifluoroacetate CF3COOAg with copper, indium, and zinc are studied by thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and mass spectrometry. In a temperature range of 358–428 K, the reactions are found to afford trifluoroacetates of these metals without mass loss of the weighed samples. The obtained experimental data make it possible to calculate the enthalpy of formation of copper trifluoroacetate H298 (CF3СООСu, cr) = –1020.5 ± 18.0 kJ/mol.
Tetranuclear Heterometallic Iron(II)–Lithium Carboxylates Stabilized by N-Donor Ligands: Synthesis and Structure
Authors: Yambulatov D. S. , Voronina Yu. K. , Nikolaevskii S. A. , Poddel’skii A. I. , Kiskin M. A. , Eremenko I. L.
Published: April 2024

The multicomponent chemical reactions of Fe(SO4)∙7H2O, Li(Рiv), K(Рiv) (Рiv is pivalate anion), and heterocyclic N-donor ligands (pyridine (Рy), 1,10-phenanthroline (Рhen)) in anhydrous acetonitrile under an inert atmosphere afford new heterometallic tetranuclear complexes [FeII2Li2(Рiv)6(Рy)4] (I) and [FeII2Li2(Рiv)6(Рhen)2] (II) in which all carboxylate anions act as bridging ligands. The molecular and crystal structures of the compounds are determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) (CIF files CCDC nos. 2220576 (I) and 2220577 (II·2CH3CN). In the studied complexes, the iron(II) atoms exist in the distorted octahedral ligand environment.
Исследование возможности переноса насыщения в новом комплексе никеля(II) с 2,6-бис(пиразол-3-ил)пиридином
Authors: Aleshin D. Yu. , Nikovskii I. A. , Khakina E. A. , Danshina A. A. , Nelyubina Yu. V.
Published: April 2024

By reacting the N,N'-disubstituted 2,6-bis(pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine ligand (L) with a divalent nickel salt, a new nickel(II) complex [Ni(L)(H2O)(THF)Cl]BPh4 was obtained (I), which was isolated in individual form and characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (CCDC No. 2221412). According to NMR spectroscopy data in combination with the results of quantum chemical calculations, complex I in solution does not exhibit a saturation transfer effect.