bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systemic Immune-inflammation Index in Acute Coronary Syndrome and its Role in Predicting Disease Severity: A Cohort Study
Authors: Pinto Anvith Sherwin , Aroor Akshatha Rao , Pereira Pradeep
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Systemic Immune-inflammation Index (SII) is a novel marker of inflammation, used extensively in prognosticating various cancers. Recent studies have shown SII to be a predictor of adverse events and death in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) patients who undergo intervention. The role of SII in medically managed SII patients has not been studied. There are no Indian studies available which study the prognosticative role of SII in ACS. Aim: To study systemic immune-inflammation index in acute coronary syndrome and its role in predicting disease severity and mortality. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in Department of General Medicine at Father Muller Medical College Hospital, Mangaluru, India between February 2021 and July 2021. The study included 45 ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) and 45 Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)/Unstable Angina (UA) patients, aged 30 years or more. The SII, Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Total Leucocyte Count (TLC) were compared using independent sample t-test. Killip class, Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) and Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) 2.0 scores were used to determine disease severity. Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficient were used to determine correlation between parametric and non parametric parameters, respectively. Receiver Operator Curve (ROC) was used to see for predictability of outcomes. The role of SII to predict Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) and death at one month follow- up period was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis. Results: The mean SII was significantly higher in the STEMI group (20.9 vs 9.79; t-value= 3.65, p-value <0.001). SII correlated significantly with Killip class (r=0.502), TIMI (r=0.417) and GRACE 2.0 scores (r=0.529), better than NLR or TLC. High SII were associated with a higher risk of MACE (Odds ratio=13.82, p-value <0.001) and death (OR=4.413, p-value=0.015). The SII had an Area Under the Curve of 0.67 for predicting MACE and had a negative predictive value of 96%. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with higher SII had a lower survival at one month (median: 24.5 days vs 29.32 days, Log-rank=6.44, p-value=0.011). The SII predicted MACE and death better than left ventricular Ejection Fraction (EF) and troponin I. Conclusion: The SII is a cost-effective, novel marker of inflammation that can predict short term outcomes in ACS. This was the first cohort study which studied the role of SII in ACS in patients undergoing any type of intervention.
Acute Presentation of Upper Limb Ischemia Requiring Amputation: A Case Report
Authors: Thacker Shriya Himmat , Chande Mukesh , Raval Manish , Gagal Navin
Published: February 2022

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) of the upper extremities is common. It is most often asymptomatic but may cause exertional pains, ischemic pains, gangrene or ulceration. The risk factors for PAD are smoking, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and end stage renal disease. Here the authors reported a case of 45-year-old male patient, presenting with severe aching type of pain associated with paraesthesia and numbness and blue, cold and gangrenous right forearm which was amputated below the elbow. After amputation, the condition advanced and led to weakness of the right upper arm with bone necrosis and surrounding skin was hyperaemic and oedematous with differential warmth, therefore the patient undergone amputation of the right upper arm and was managed postoperatively with antibiotics and the wound was closed with non absorbable sutures and was on oral anticoagulant therapy and after complete recovery, patient was discharged. On follow-up, removal of sutures was done and patient was referred for physiotherapy for muscle strengthening and prosthesis fitment.
Expression of PDL-1 Receptors in Prostate Cancer Patients and its Association with Tumour Aggressiveness: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gupta Gaurav , Gahlawat Sumit , Goel Hemant , Singh Ravikant , Guleria Karandeep , Sood Rajeev
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Prostate cancers are infiltrated with Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) expressing Cluster of Differentiation (CD)8+ T-cells which interact with Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PDL-1) receptors on Tumour Cells (TC). However, in many studies, male with prostate cancer did not respond to monotherapy (PDL blockade). This unresponsiveness could be due to the fact that prostate cancer usually does not express PD-L1. The PDL-1 expression has demonstrated a significant correlation with increased risk of disease progression in various tumours but data regarding its role in prostate cancer is conflicting. Aim: To study the occurrence rate of PDL-1 expression and itsassociation with tumour aggressiveness in prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at ABVIMS and Dr. Ram Manohar Hospital, New Delhi, India, from October 1st, 2018 to April 30th, 2020. A total of 120 males with prostate cancer who had their diagnosis established by a prostate biopsy were included. Histopathology reports were analysed and PDL-1 immunohistochemical staining was carried out with PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies. PD-L1 expression on TCs was defined by the percentage of PD-L1 positive TCs (<1%= 0 or negative, 1 to 5% =+1, ≥5 %=+2). The relationship between PDL-1 expression in prostate cancer cells and clinicopathological factors like Gleason grade, lymph node positivity, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, distant metastasis and Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) level was investigated using univariate tests and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: Overall, high PD-L1 expression was observed in 21.7% of patients. PDL-1 positivity 1+ and 2+ was found among 11.67% and 10% cases, respectively. Significantly higher expression (p-value <0.05) of PDL-1 was noted in cases with higher preoperative PSA levels (>40), high Gleason score (≥7), distant metastasis and cases with lymphovascular invasion. Conclusion: Present study suggests that PD-L1 correlates with the tumour aggressiveness in prostate cancer patients and can be used for the identification of more aggressive diseases.
Novel Pathognomonic Variant of Atypical Type IV Usher Syndrome with Retinitis Pigmentosa- A Case Report
Authors: Vendhan K Ezhil , Harshitha S , Kumar Arun , Gautam Aprajitha , Kannan R Rajesh
Published: February 2022

Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is a genetically heterogeneous group of inherited retinal disorders causing progressive dysfunction of rod photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium, may be seen in isolation or in association with systemic disease. This paper focuses on RP in an atypical type 4 usher’s patient. Usher’s syndrome is a rare disorder and is the most common hereditary form of deafblindness. The management of these patients is multidisciplinary, involving specialists from different fields. Hereby, author present a case of 47-year-old male patient presented with chief complaints of defective vision in both eyes and defective vision in dim light for past six months. On fundus examination of both the eyes, he was diagnosed to have bilateral RP and on pure tone audiometry, he was diagnosed to have bilateral sensorineural deafness. Molecular gene analysis was done and it revealed Arylsulfatase G (ARSG) gene mutation. The patient was prescribed spectacles for his visual improvement.
Efficacy of Diclofenac Transdermal Patch versus Diclofenac Rectal Suppository for Management of Postoperative Pain Following Open Cholecystectomy: A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Agrawal Puneet , Singh Shivangna , Gautam Vivek , Khan Bushra Hasan
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Postoperative pain can have detrimental effects if proper analgesia is not provided. The most widely used medicines for the management of postoperative pain is Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), among the NSAIDs the most commonly used drug for postoperative pain is diclofenac sodium. Repeated intramuscular/intravenous (i.m/i.v.) injections of diclofenac are associated with pain and discomfort while oral use of diclofenac before and after surgery is limited and is also associated with increased risk of gastrointestinal complications like dyspepsia, peptic ulcer, etc. Diclofenac Transdermal Patch (TD) and Rectal Suppository (RS) are good methods of drug delivery as they avoid first pass metabolism, gastrointestinal complications and pain associated with i.m/i.v. route. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of the transdermal diclofenac patch versus the diclofenac RS for management of postoperative pain. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based, randomised, prospective, interventional, open label comparative clinical trial was conducted in Department of General Surgery and Department of Pharmacology at FH Medical College and Hospital, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India, from April 2021 to September 2021. A total of 64 patients were included in the trial and they were randomly divided into two groups using simple randomisation technique. Group A received 100mg diclofenac TD (n=32) and group B received 100 mg diclofenac RS (n=32) just before induction of anaesthesia and repeated 12 hourly for 48 hours. Pain was assessed postoperatively at 6, 12, 24 hours, respectively using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and adverse effects like gastrointestinal complications were also noted in the both groups. The student's t-test was applied to compare the mean values of quantitative variables while qualitative variables were analysed using Chi-square test. p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Both the groups were comparable with respect to age (p-value=0.1048) and gender distribution (p-value=0.3760). VAS score at 12 hours and 24 hours postsurgery in patients of both groups showed significant decrease (p-value <0.001), when compared with VAS score values at 6 hours postsurgery of the same group. On comparison of VAS score between the two groups at 6 hour, 12 hour and 24 hour significant decrease (p-value <0.05) in VAS score was observed with a higher decrement in group B patients i.e., those who received diclofenac rectal suppositories. In group A, seven patients needed rescue analgesia while in group B only three patients required rescue analgesia. Conclusion: Rectal diclofenac suppository had higher efficacy in comparison to transdermal diclofenac patch in management of postoperative pain.
Traditional use of Chinar (Platanus orientalis L.) Leaf Litter for Charcoal Making: A Case Study of Kashmir Himalaya
Authors: Islam M. A. , Khan P.A. , Arjumand Tahera
Published: February 2022

The exploration and documentation of indigenous traditional knowledge (ITKs) are crucial to preserve the intellectual property, maintain its practical utility and plan projects for people’s socioeconomic development by mobilizing these untapped resources. This  study was sought to investigate and provide comprehensive ITKs pertaining to utilization of Chinar (Platanus orientalis L.) leaf litter for charcoal making in Manasbal range of the Sindh Forest Division of Jammu and Kashmir UT. Multi-stage random sampling technique was employed to select the villages and households for the field survey. The ITKs on collection of leaf litter, packing and transportation, charcoal making, drying and storage of charcoal, seasonality calendar, livelihood mainstay and gender dimension of Chinar charcoal making were collected through structured interviews and non-participant observations. This study concludes that the local denizens have in-depth ITKs in sustainable use and management of Chinar leaf litter for charcoal making to meet bio-fuel needs in kangri burning for body warming during harsh winter. From the livelihood perspective, the ITKs documented on Chinar charcoal making  will be a base for rural income and employment diversification through entrepreneurship development in the intervention for energy security and socioeconomic improvement.
Stylized Fact Approach to Income Distribution Pattern among Fish Seed Producers in Jharkhand, India
Authors: Gawa Stanzin , Siddique P. Aboobacker , Kumar Pradeep , Chaudary Arup Kumar , Singh A. K. , Kumar Nalini Ranjan
Published: February 2022

One of the serious impediments to sound policy on freshwater aquaculture is the lack of farm-level data and consistent empirical evidence, especially on income. To understand the income generation through fish seed production through the community participation approach initiative of the Directorate of fisheries, Jharkhand, we analyzed the income distribution pattern of 498 fish seed producers of Jharkhand. The data was collected from different districts of Jharkhand by DoF for the year 2017-18. The results revealed high gender disparity in fish seed production as only 2.41 per cent were found out to be women. It was observed that fish seed production has a high potential to be a very lucrative business as income showed wide variation ranging fromRs.50,000 to Rs.27,50,000. The Lorenz curve analysis showed moderate-income inequality indicating a higher concentration of income with the top 10 per cent of the population. Further investigation showed that the top 10 per cent of the population earned 60 per cent of total cumulative income which was higher than the national average which was 57 per cent while the bottom 50 per cent of the population earned just 20 per cent of total cumulative income. The income inequality from the GINI co-efficient was 0.48 which was lower than the national average which was 0.55. The study concludes that though income inequality is lower than the national average however the concentration of income with top 10 per cent was higher than the national average. A more detailed study on fish seed production is needed to understand the underlying facts for the disparity in income distribution among fish seed producers.
Application of Gene Transfer in Freshwater Fish: A Review
Authors: . Aisyah , Yustiati Ayi
Published: February 2022

In the field of aquaculture, genetic engineering technology has been widely used in fish for production with the aims of increasing the growth rate of fish, regulating gonadal maturity, sex differentiation and sterility. One of the modern techniques that is expected to be a useful tool in the development of aquaculture is gene transfer technology. Transgenic fish have been established, especially for the purpose of enhancing the growth rate in aquaculture. Aquaculture production is expected to be increased several times to meet future food needs in the form of fish due to the increase in human population. This technique has been applied to species that have economic value. This review describes the variation of gene transfer methods, persistence and expression of the transferred genes, their applications and future prospects of gene transfer research in aquaculture.
The Features of Down Syndrome and the Risk of Parent’s Age
Authors: Abdalrazi Wafa Saad , Mansour Eldgheili Fadwa A. , Ali Elgaroushi Negeia Imhamed , Saleh Lawgali Mohanad Abdulhadi
Published: February 2022

Background: Down syndrome is the most common autosomal disorder in humans. And the most common genetic chromosomal disorder causing mental disability in children.

It also cause other medical abnormalities including heart and gastrointestinal disorder.

These children sharing common features and characteristic faces.

Each individual with this syndrome will not have all the features, but they will have a unique combination.

Objective: In our study we try to spot light on the craniofacial features of Down syndrome in our country: their percentage; to compare it with another study in other countries.

We also focus on the craniofacial features accuracy in diagnosis. Karyotyping not always available.

Also we study the risk factors where we found that the mother age is not the only risk factor, but also the father age play a big role in Down syndrome and this risk factor needs to be studied with large number of patients.

Also we study the problems associated with Down syndrome and its percentages, and to compare it with other study done in our neighbor's countries, where we found many differences

Setting and Design: Our study is a descriptive, case series retrospective study was conducted in Benghazi Libya's children hospital.

This study includes 73 patients who were referred to our Genetic clinic from October 2016 to march 2017.

The genetic clinic is the only clinic in Benghazi and the whole East of Libya.

This clinic follows children with DS and children with dysmorphic features in Benghazi and the Libyan ‘east.

Materials and Methods: We studied 73 children randomly from different age group, and different socioeconomic classes, who attend the genetic clinic, which is an outpatient clinic and the only clinic which follows children with DS and dysmorphic feature in a pediatric hospital in Benghazi- Libya.

We took the history from the parent (the father and the Mother).

The investigation done in our hospital.

Father and mother age at pregnancy.

Spontaneous or induced pregnancy.

Drug history of the mothers and fathers.

History of abortion and normal children.

Any other baby with Down syndrome or other dysmorphic features.

Echocardiography done for all children.

Ultrasound abdomen and brain did for all children.

Thyroid function test done for all children and repeated annually for all children.

The diagnosis done mainly by clinical features. Some cases (40 cases) are proved by karyotype chromosomal analysis.
Exact Solutions of Second-order Fractional Fredholm Integro-differential Equations
Authors: Ebaid Abdelhalim , Alshahrani Ohoud A.
Published: February 2022

The present paper analyzes the second-order fractional Fredholm integro-differential equations by means of the Caputo definition in the fractional calculus (FC). The exact solutions are obtained for two examples utilizing a direct solution method. Furthermore, it is shown that the present solutions in fractional forms reduce to the corresponding classical ones in the relevant literature, with integer derivatives, as special cases.
Correlation Studies of Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Wheat Grown under Different Date of Sowing and Varieties
Authors: Prajapat Bhawani Singh , Jat Ram A. , Bairwa Deen Dayal , Diwedi Aniket
Published: February 2022

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season (2015-16) at Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (India) to evaluate the identification of suitable date of sowing and variety of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for South Saurashtra (Gujarat). The **), test weight (r=0.995**), experiment was laid out in split plot design with four dates of sowing in main plots (05th November, 15th November, 25th November and 05th December) and three varieties in sub plots (GW 322, GW 366 and GW 173) and replicated thrice. The analysis showed positive correlation between grain yield and growth parameters viz, plant height at 60 DAS (r=0.932**) and harvest (r=0.940**), dry matter accumulation at harvest (r=0.976**), crop growth rate between 30 to 60 DAS (r=0.996**), root dry weight at 60 DAS (r=0.945**) and harvest (r=0.867*), root length at 60 DAS (r=0.960**) and harvest (r=0.935**). Grain yield showed positive correlation with yield attributes and nutrient content viz, effective tillers/plant (r=0.758**), spike length (r=0.937**), grains/spike (r=0.991**), spike weight (r=0.954water use efficiency (r=0.785**), N content (r=0.884**), P content (r=0.918**) and K content in grain (r=0.873*).
New Records of an Insect Species from Decomposed Animal Feces that Carry Pathogenic Bacteria on Human
Authors: Nha Yen Ho Ngoc , Phuong Chau Doan Ngoc , Hong Phien Huynh , Tron Bui Van , Van Ngon Nguyen , Be Nam Tran Van , Thuan Nguyen Huu , Thanh Men Tran
Published: February 2022

Insects are introduced as the largest group of animals in the animal kingdom. There is always a risk of disease outbreaks from insects that greatly affects people's health. Hundreds of thousands of species have been determined, whereas many others remained unnamed and unidentified. This study was carried out to identify the insect species obtained in Mo Cay Bac district, Ben Tre province, Vietnam, and identify the human pathogenic bacteria that parasitize on this insect. The study results showed that the insect carried Bacillus cereus and Micrococcus luteus, two strains of bacteria capable of causing festering wounds; whereas, the antibiotic Gentamicin (10 µg/mL) was shown to be capable of inhibiting Bacillus cereus and Micrococcus luteus. Based on morphological characteristics and DNA fragment of COII gene, the insect species has been identified as a species belonging to the Scatopsidae family, which belongs to complete metamorphosis. Its life cycle lasts 7-8 days and goes through 4 stages, including egg (1 day), larva (3-4 days), pupa (2-3 days), and adult. This insect species carry the biological characteristics of an entirely new insect species.
Assessment of Variability and Genetic Parameters in Agro-Physiological Traits of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Rainfed Condition
Authors: Ram Lekha , Baraiya Balram , Choudhary Ashok Kumar , Kachouli Basant
Published: February 2022

An experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2017-18 to estimate  the genetic parameters of variation including heritability and genetic advance for agro-physiological characters viz., days to flower initiation, days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height, branches per plant, pods per plant, seeds per plant, biological yield per plant (g), seed yield per plant (g), 100-seed weight (g), root length (cm), relative water content and harvest index (%) in 20 genotypes of chickpea. High phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) were observed for characters viz., number of branches per plant, seeds per plant and 100-seed weight. The magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variance and their corresponding genotypic coefficient of variance for all the characters were observed in good agreement reflecting the narrow range of environmental influence in the manifestation of the characters. High heritability was recorded for number of branches per plant, 100-seed weight, seeds per plant, pods per plant and biological yield per plant.  High heritability combined with high genetic advance was observed for seeds per plant, pods per plant and 100-seed weight which indicated that these traits were governed by additive gene effects and phenotypic selection would be effective in early generations for these characters.
Effect of Land Configuration and Moisture Regimes on Productivity of Hybrid Maize (Zea mays L.) in Summer Season
Authors: Nand Vishuddha , Patel Vinay Kumar , Srivastav Ashish Kumar
Published: February 2022

An experiment was conducted on “Effect of land configuration and moisture regimes on productivity of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) in summer season.” during 2018-19 at Agronomy Research Farm, ANDUA and T, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.). The experiment accomplished of 12 treatment combinations and laid out in split plot design, replicated three times. The Experiment consisted of three land configuration viz. flat bed planting (P1), ridge planting (P2) and paired row planting on raised bed (P3) were kept in main plots and four moisture regimes viz.0.5 IW/CPE ratio, 0.7 IW/CPE ratios, 0.9 IW/CPE ratios and 1.1 IW/CPE ratios were allotted in sub plots.  The experimental results revealed that growth parameters, such as plant height, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, days to 50 percent ear emergence and days to50 percent maturity and yield were obtained maximum with the paired row planting methods followed by ridge planting  and flat bed planting and yield  attributes such as number of cobs plant-1 , number grains row-1, number of grains cob-1, cob length  (cm), cob girth (cm),  grains weight cob-1(g), cob weight  (g), shelling percentage (%), grain yield (q ha-1), stover yield (q ha-1), and biological yield (q ha-1) were  also increased similarity in same treatment. In case of moisture regimes, the same trends were observed maximum when applied irrigation at 1.1 IW/CPE ratios as compared to other moisture regimes.
Effect of Potassium Nitrate Spray on the Flowering and Fruiting of Mango Varieties Grown in Uganda
Authors: Katwesige Annet , Ddamulira Gabriel , Katuromunda Sylvester
Published: February 2022

Aims: To evaluate the effect of potassium nitrate (KNO3) on flowering and fruiting of mangoes in Uganda.

Study Design:  Randomized complete block design in a split plot arrangement.

Place and Duration of Study: National Crops Resources Research Institute Namulonge, National Semi–Arid Resources Research Institute in Serere and Bulindi Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute in Hoima in 2015 and 2016.

Methodology: The study was superimposed on eight-year-old mango orchards which were simultaneously planted at the three sites. Main plot treatments comprised three mango varieties (Bire, Tommy Atkins, Zillate), while sub-plot treatments comprised four concentrations of KNO3 (zero as control, 1, 2 and 4%). Data was collected on number of terminal buds induced after applying KNO3, percentage flowering, number of fruits set per 20 panicles and fruit yield per tree.

Results: Trees sprayed with KNO3 produced higher (P < .05) numbers of terminal buds than the control. Across sites, Bire produced higher numbers of buds (64.8) than Tommy Atkins (46.3) and Zillate (17.8). Flowering response was higher in Bire (28.6%) than in Tommy Atkins (20.8%) and Zillate (17.8%). Flowering response of trees sprayed with 2% KNO3 (31.4%) was higher than that of trees sprayed with 1% KNO3 (24.7%). Mean number of fruits induced per 20 panicles in trees sprayed with 4% KNO3 (8.24) was higher than that of trees sprayed with 1% KNO3 (4.8). Fruit yield of Tommy Atkins (23.01 kg/tree) was higher than that of Bire (10.97 kg/tree). Mean fruit yield of trees sprayed with 2% KNO3 (27.36 kg/tree) was higher than that of trees sprayed with 1% KNO3 (15.93 kg/tree).

Conclusion: For better fruit yields, farmers at Bulindi should grow Tommy Atkins and apply 2% KNO3. Farmers at Namulonge can grow any of the three mango varieties and apply 2 or 4% KNO3, while those at Serere can grow Tommy Atkins and Zillate, and should apply 4% KNO3.
Parental Polymorphic Marker Survey and Genetic Diversity Studies among the Popular Maintainer Lines of Hybrid Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Stigma Exsertion Trait
Authors: Jayaramulu K. , Kemparaju K. B. , Sruthi K. , Madhav M. Sheshu , Hariprasad A. S. , Beulah P. , Revathi P. , Senguttuvel P.
Published: February 2022

Parental polymorphic survey using rice satellite (RM) simple sequence repeats (SSR’S) is a pre-requisite for genotypic screening to identify the loci associated with trait of interest among mapping population. In the present study, eight popularly used rice maintainer lines viz., APMS-6B (Improved for Bacterial leaf blight. [1], IR58025B, IR68897B, IR79156B, DRR-6B, DRR-9B, BF-16B and BF2096B were used to study stigma exsertion trait as a single, double and total stigma exsertion. A total of 630RM markers were used to study parental polymorphism among eight maintainer lines and also to map their association with stigma exsertion trait. Among 630, 253 RM markers showed polymorphism with 635 alleles among the eight maintainers which were distributed across twelve chromosomes of rice. The overall parental survey revealed 40.18 per cent of polymorphism among the maintainer lines with a maximum and minimum frequency of 5 and 2 alleles, respectively. The genetic similarity coefficient for the most number of pairs ranged between of 0.2-0.9 with the average value of 0.60 for all possible combinations, indicating moderate genetic diversity among the chosen genotypes. The genotypes grouped according to their place of origin and represents genetic closeness between them. The identified RM polymorphic markers could be used to construct the linkage map and subsequently, to identify the stigma exsertion related QTLs from mapping population developed from different combinations of the rice maintainer lines.
Indonesia Rural Muslim Consumption Pattern from Islamic Economic Perspective
Authors: Aisya Sitti , M. Syam Syaifullah
Published: February 2022

Islam teaches Muslims to practice non-food consumption based on Islamic teaching and values. Some Muslims have followed Islamic teaching in daily non-food consumption, while other Muslims have consumptive behavior in their daily consumption. This study, therefore, conducted a study within Muslim society in Palu city Indonesia to understand their non-food consumption pattern from an Islamic perspective. The objective of this study is to provide insight regarding Muslim consumption compliance with Islamic teaching. This study was carried out with a qualitative method, and the data were gathered through in-depth interviews with the local religious Muslim citizens and direct observation. The results of this study show that Muslim communities have followed Islamic teaching in their daily non-food consumption by prioritizing primer non-food needs. However, some Muslims also consumed excessive non-food things such as clothes due to being influenced by the trend in mode. Muslim scholars have played important roles in educating Muslim communities to practice consumption based on Islamic teaching. The limitation of this study is that we did not consider economic growth but we only focused on the appropriateness of non-food consumption according to Islamic law perspective. Further study may focus on Muslim community consumption by considering Islamic economic calculation.
Critical Junctures and Merchandize Exports of Nigeria
Authors: Aye-Agele Freeman , Eko Eko O.
Published: February 2022

This study examined critical junctures and merchandize exports of Nigeria. Nigeria has had critical moments that warranted policy changes to mitigate economic challenges of the country. The global economic disaster occasioned by the oil and debt crises, multiple economic depression and stagnation during the late 1970’s led to the introduction of SAP in Nigeria. The global financial crisis of 2008 had a great effect on the economy of Nigeria. The Nigerian economy slipped into recession in November 2020, as the GDP contracted for the second consecutive quarter. The Covid-19 lockdown also tremendously affected the Nigerian economy. These conditions created crises in the Nigerian economy and necessitated policy adjustments. In the international trade sector, a key policy thrust is the enhancement of its trade balance to raise productivity of commodities with export potential designed to boost export performance to mitigate economic challenges. This study examined various export promotion strategies and used descriptive statistics to analyze the growth of merchandize exports before and after SAP. The study reveals that merchandize export earnings did not perform differently for both periods until the dawn of democratic era in 1999. The findings show that SAP and other export promotion strategies could not achieve the intended purpose to increase merchandize exports to international markets. The study recommends the need to create an enabling environment through an effective monetary, fiscal and exchange rate policies and infrastructural development for investment and expansion to boost merchandize exports in international markets.
The Biogas Production from Brewery Waste: A Case Study for Tanzania Breweries Company Limited (Arusha-Branch)
Authors: Pantaleo Missana Wenceslaus , Mashingo Peter Paul , Tumbo Siza
Published: February 2022

Beverage and Food processing industries are extremely large consumers of energy and bio-waste producer worldwide. Due to its high concentration of organic compounds, which imposes a high biochemical oxygen to the waste's breakdown, disposal from these companies in the environment increases the risk of inconvenience to the ecosystem. In this context, the brewing industry's production phases included the fermentation of vegetable feedstock such as barley malt, hops, and grains that produces a variety of by-products. Fermented malts, hops, yeast and water which used for the beer production caused waste materials that are disposed as organic wastes. Experimentally the waste as anaerobic digestion feed was assessed. The idea was to support the environment by utilizing alternative energy using the bio-waste from the brewery industry. Samples from the Tanzanian Breweries Company Limited (TBL) Arusha branch were taken to the CAMARTEC biogas digester. The wastes in form of sludge were investigated for anaerobic digestion. The findings of this study showed that waste from the brewing sector may be converted into environmentally acceptable solutions to be used as a biogas.
A Study Protocol for Assessing the Effect of Diode Green Photocoagulation with Rose Bengal in Progressive Infectious Keratitis
Authors: Katruwar Kalyani , Sune Mona
Published: February 2022

Background: Infectious keratitis manifested as corneal ulcer can result in formation of pus in corneal tissue. The incidence has increased in recent years due to overuse of steroids. Infectious keratitis is the most common cause of blindness in India. Rose Bengal proves to be a promising option to treat this condition. Rose Bengal is topical ophthalmic dye which is mildly toxic. It is absorbed by damaged epithelial cells, mucus and fibrous cells. This stain is available in the form of 1% solution or impregnated filter strips. This study aims to assess the duration of resolution of corneal ulcer after Rose Bengal photodynamic therapy.

Methodology: This will be an experimental study carried out at ophthalmology department of AVBRH, Wardha.  Total 55 cases will be enrolled and examined on daily basis for one week. Pachymetry and specular microscopy will be done before Rose Bengal Photodynamic Therapy and at the end of three months of treatment.

Results: Resistant infectious keratitis is expected to show complete healing of epithelial defect after receiving photodynamic therapy with green diode laser.
Case Report on Hirschsprung’s Disease
Authors: Talekar Yash , Tivaskar Suhas , Luharia Anurag , Christian Ravi
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Hirschsprung's disease (HIRSH-SPROONGZ) is a disorder that affects the large intestine (colon) and makes passing faces difficult. As a result of missing nerve cells in the baby's colon muscles, the disease is present at birth (congenital). Hirschsprung’s popularized it in 1886 after “Ruysch” recognized it in 1961. Hirschsprung’s disease is an intrinsic developmental condition. The enteric nervous system has an inherent component.

Clinical Findings: Difficulty in passing stool, Abdominal pain, Fever, (Temperature 100-degree f) Vomiting, Failure of thrive, constipation, tiredness.

Diagnostic Evaluation: CBC Investigation, blood test, Hb-12.9%, Total RBC count-4.84million/cumm, RDW-13.2%, HCT-36.7%, Total WBC Count-26200 cu mm, Monocytes- 01%, Granulocytes- 30%, Lymphocytes- 65%, Total platelet count-3.5 Lacs/cu mm, ALT(SGPT)-17 U/L, AST (SGOT)-44 U/L.

Peripheral Smear: RBCs-Normocytic Normochromic Platelets-Adequate on smear, No Hemiparasite seen, WBCs-Neutrophilic leukocytosis.

Therapeutic Intervention: - blood Transfusion, Inj.Aminoven 200 mg BD, Inj. Cefotaxime 400mg BD IV, Inj. Pantaprazole 12mg OD, Syp. Augmentin 3ml BD, Syp. Azee 5ml OD, Inj. Emset 1.8 mg SOS.

Outcome: After treatment the child shows improvement his passing stool frequently and relive vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, and facial expression are good.

Conclusion: - My patient was admitted in pediatric ward no 22 at AVBRH with a known case of Hirschsprung’s disease, and he had complaint of difficulty in passing stool at birth, after getting appropriate treatment and surgery his condition was improve.
Study the Effectiveness of Vacuum Assisted Closure Therapy in the Healing of Chronic Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Authors: Magesh B. , Magesh M.
Published: February 2022

Aim: To determine the effectiveness of vacuum assisted closure(vac) therapy in the healing of chronic diabetic foot ulcer.

Methodology: A prospective study was conducted among the patients who were admitted and treated for diabetic foot ulcer in Saveetha Medical College And Hospital over a period of 6 months from January 2021 to June 2021. There were about 15 patients admitted and treated for the same.

Results: An aggregate of 15 patients were remembered for the review. Among them 62% (n=9) were male and 38% (n=6). Age range was from 30 to 70 years with a mean age of 50 ± 9.75 years. The recurrence of VAC dressing change was following 24-48 hours for 75% (n=11) wounds, like clockwork for 15% (n=4) wounds. Larger part of patients (92.5%, n=13) don't need extra debridement over the span of VAC treatment. Normal decrease in injury region noticed was 11.4 ± 4.55 cm2 (territory, 3.4 to 38.6cm2) and the normal season of recuperating noticed was 21.75±10.55 days (range, 14 to 4 days).

Conclusion: VAC treatment is exceptionally powerful and helpful in the treatment of diabetic foot disease and ulcers and plays an authoritative part upgrading granulation tissue arrangement, wound size decrease, recuperating of twisted in lesser time.
Evaluation of Relative Oral Bioavailability of Shankha bhasma Prepared by Two Different Methods in Healthy Volunteers: A Study Protocol
Authors: Dukare Pranjali , Rathi Bharat
Published: February 2022

Background: Rastarangini Shankha (Conch Shell) Bhasma is one of the traditional medicines reported to be used for centuries in the treatment of calcium deficiency disorders. It proves to be a good source of calcium. But reports on its bioavailability are hardly available. This study aims to assess the methods of preparation of Shankha Bhasma and assess its relative oral bioavailability in healthy volunteers.

Materials and Methods: This study will include preparation of Shankha Bhasma in Rasashastra department. The traditional method will be giving Putas. Another method includes heating Shudhha Shankha on gas flame. The products obtained with these procedures will undergo Bhasma Pariksha that includes organoleptic characteristics, physicochemical parameters,    microbial contamination and other relevant tests. This will be randomized single blind control study of 90 healthy volunteers (30 in each group). The data on oral bioavailability in healthy volunteers will be analyzed by using Pair and unpaired “t” Test, One way ANOVA and descriptive statistics.

Results: The relative oral bioavailability of Shankha Bhasma is expected to show all pharmaceutico analytical parameters within normal range and reflect significant effects on healthy volunteers.

Conclusion: Significant efficacy of this product directs a new gateway for the management of bioavailability of calcium drugs.
Estimating the Correlation of Ankle Brachial Index with Vascular Risk Factors in Pre-diabetics
Authors: Phate Neha , Kumar Sunil , Acharya Sourya , Wanjari Anil , Agrawal Sachin , Gaidhane Shilpa
Published: February 2022

Background: Prediabetes is characterized by a long duration of insulin resistance and increased fasting plasma glucose. Among the various risk factors for cardiovascular atherosclerosis and prediabetes, insulin resistance is one of them. Glycemia has been recognized to affect microvascular damage as compared to macrovascular damage. The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a simple, affordable and non-invasive test as compared to angiography and has been found to have a high sensitivity and accuracy for the diagnosis of PAD, the gold-standard diagnostic method. This index is based on the fact that in healthy people, systolic blood pressure in the legs is typically equal to or marginally greater than in the upper limbs. This study aims to assess the correlation of ABI with vascular risk factors among subjects with Prediabetes like anthropometric measurement like BMI, Waist hip ratio and neck circumference.

Methods: This will be a observational cross sectional study. The present research will involve a cluster of prediabetic subjects. ABI will be determined for all patients. Anthropometric measurements will be taken and blood investigations will be conducted. All data will be compiled and analyzed with appropriate statistical tests.

Expected Results: We expect a significant association between prevalence of low ABI in prediabetics and heart problems.

Conclusion: This research will highlight the adequate clinical and sociological assessment of pre-diabetes patients, including those who have been diagnosed for a long period of time.
Aromatic Profiling and Bioactive Potential of Lavendula angustifolia: A Review
Authors: Nishtha . , Kaur Ravneet
Published: February 2022

Plants are the vital source around which human life revolves. Starting from our food to medicine we obtain, all such valuable resources come from resilience creatures called plants. Plants are gifted with certain properties that make them precious in all aspects of life. They produce bioactive substances that make them medicinally important for pharmaceutical use. The aromatic plants which are important as industrial raw material are used as essence material in various baking and brewing industries because of their pleasant aroma. These plants undergo distillation processes to extract the essential oils from oil secreting glands. The present review deals with review on aromatic profiling and bioactive potential of Lavendula angustifolia plant and its commercial importance as a plant material.
Transforming Growth Factor Beta as Salivary Biomarker in Periodontitis Patients with or without Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Revathi B. , Jeevitha M. , Jayakumar N. D. , Jayaraman Selvaraj
Published: February 2022

Aim: To estimate the salivary TGF-beta levels in periodontitis patients with or without diabetes mellitus

Materials and methods: Thirty patients [15 males and 15 females] were included in this study and divided into three groups. Group a included 10 participants with periodontal health. Group b included 10 participants with periodontitis and diabetes mellitus. Group c included 10 participants with periodontitis only. Saliva samples were collected and TGF-beta levels were compared between the groups using Sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay by commercially available human TGF-beta 96 well ELISA kit. The data were statistically analysed by One-Way- ANOVA. Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test was used to test the significance at the levels of P< 0.05.

Results: TGF- beta level was found to be significantly higher (p<0.05) in periodontitis with diabetes mellitus (108 ±7.1pg/ml) when compared with periodontitis only (77±3.5 pg/ml) and also when compared with healthy controls (66±5.6 pg/ml).

Conclusion: The results indicate that TGF beta level was found to be increased in the saliva of patients with periodontitis with diabetes mellitus than healthy controls, suggesting that diabetes mellitus and periodontitis show detrimental effects on each other through TGF beta pathway and thus estimation of salivary TGF beta levels may help to monitor the periodontal disease severity in diabetic patients.
Fruit Wine and Its Therapeutic Potential: A Mini Review
Authors: Kumar Shubham , Singh Jasdeep
Published: February 2022

Wine is defined as the undistilled fermented beverages product made with different variety of fruits. About 10-15% of alcohol content is found in the wine with numerous bioactive compounds such as phenols, catechin, quercetin and gallic acid, flavonoids, and resveratrol. The presence of these antioxidants is associated with the lower risk of cardiovascular diseases, free radical formation, and hyperglycemia in human body. Resveratrol present in red wine has potential chemo preventive activity. Generally, wine is prepared with the help of yeast mediated fermentation of grapes. However, various other tropical fruits such as plum, jackfruit, palm and pineapple can also be used for the wine production. Various herbs such as basil, ginger, amla and aloe-vera can also be infused into the wine, to enhance its therapeutic value. Herb-induced wines, commonly called as restorative wines can be of great importance to human health. This review provides a overview of different types of wines, the medicinal potential of wine for human health, as well as the diverse fruits utilized in wine production.
Assessing the Oral Flora Changes Pre-operatively, Post-operatively and Post Radiotherapy in Patients Having Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hora Srajan , Gaikwad Prafulla
Published: February 2022

Background: The occurrence of oral malignancies like oral squamous cell carcinoma has an effect on the microbiota present in the oral cavity. It is observed that radiotherapy exposures can also lead to disturbances within the oral microbiota.

Objectives: To assess the oral microbiota in patients having oral malignancy and in normal healthy individuals, and compare them to evaluate the changes associated with oral malignancies and their treatment.

Methodology: The study will be conducted in the Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Department at SharadPawar Dental College, DMIMS, Sawangi(Wardha). The study comprises of 50 Participants who will participate in the study after agreeing to an informed consent.

Results: Athorough investigation of the biological behaviour of the microflorawas considered necessary to understand their exact specific roles in the process of carcinogenesis, which can be achieved by isolating the specific associated strains and their consequent profiling using various sequencing methods.

Conclusion: There can be a definite relationship between the prevalence of oral malignancies and their consequent changes in the oral microbiota.
Evaluation of Pancreatic Lesions by Computed Tomography Scan: A Study Protocol
Authors: Gulve Sharvari Shashikant , Parihar Pratap Singh , Dhande Rajasbala
Published: February 2022

Background: The pancreas is a hidden organ and was one of the last organs in the abdomen to be analyzed by anatomists, physiologists, physicians, and surgeons. Pancreatic lesions may range from mild inflammation to malignancy. Ultrasound was the first cross-sectional technique that permitted direct imaging of the pancreas. It permitted precise visualization of pancreatic parenchyma, pancreatic ducts and bile ducts. This study aims to evaluate various pancreatic lesions using CT scan and assess their correlation with  histopathological findings.

Methodology: This will be an observational study conducted at department of radiodiagnosis, AVBRH, Wardha.  Total 180 patients with pancreatic disease confirmed by clinical, laboratory and ultrasonography will be enrolled in the study. All 180 patients will undergo plain and contrast enhanced CT scan. Results will be judged, based on the observations and finding on CT scan, biochemical and histopathological reports whenever possible. Modified CT Severity Index / Mortele Modified CTSI Scoring will be used to assess severity of acute pancreatitis and acute exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis.

Results:  We expect to explore on the common etiological factors, gender and age distribution of various pancreatic diseases. Correlation between grade of acute pancreatitis according to modified CT severity index and clinical outcome of patients. In case of chronic will be evaluated. 

Conclusion: CECT is excellent diagnostic modality to stage severity of inflammatory process and staging of neoplastic lesions. Severity grading in acute exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis will be meticulously observed and significant conclusive findings will be found. CECT imaging with its postprocessing techniques represents the image of choice for diagnosis and predicting pancreatic masses.