bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acquisitions, Node Collapse, and Network Revolution
Authors: Hernandez Exequiel , Menon Anoop
Published: March 2017

We explore a novel mechanism of network change that occurs when a firm acquires another one and inherits its network ties. Such “node collapse” can radically restructure the network in one transaction, constituting a revolutionary change compared with the incremental effect of tie additions and deletions, which have been the focus of prior research. We explore several properties of node collapses: their efficacy in helping firms achieve superior network positions, the externalities they impose on other network actors, and how they provide exclusive control over both internal and network resources. Using a simulation in which actors compete to acquire one another, we model network dynamics driven by node collapses. We find that node collapses directly affect the performance of the acquirer and indirectly that of other actors, and that the direction of network evolution hinges on the degree to which firms pursue internal versus network synergies through node collapses.

This paper was accepted by Olav Sorenson, organizations.
Training Neural Network Elements Created From Long Shot Term Memory
Authors: Nikolic Kostantin
Published: March 2017

This paper presents the application of stochastic search algorithms to train artificial neural networks. Methodology approaches in the work created primarily to provide training complex recurrent neural networks. It is known that training recurrent networks is more complex than the type of training feedforward neural networks. Through simulation of recurrent networks is realized propagation signal from input to output and training process achieves a stochastic search in the space of parameters. The performance of this type of algorithm is superior to most of the training algorithms, which are based on the concept of gradient. The efficiency of these algorithms is demonstrated in the training network created from units that are characterized by long term and long shot term memory of networks. The presented methology is effective and relative simple.
An insight into IPAddressing
Authors: Padole Mamta , Kanani Pratik , Raut Leena , Jhaveri Dhyanvi , Nagda Manali
Published: March 2017

Thecurrent version of Internet Protocol (IPv4) has not been substantially changed in the past 25 years. IPv4 has proven to be robust and easily implemented. In the early stage, the deployment of IPv6 is prepared and begun on the IPv4-based network. In the intermediate stage, IPv4 and IPv6 coexist. In the later stage, IPv6 plays a leading role on the network and the IPv4 network is gradually withdrawing from the market. Meanwhile, researchers put forward many transition mechanisms for different network infrastructures and different evolution stages. In this paper, a detailed study is made on IPv4 along with its different smart saving techniques. Which help in delay of IPv4 to IPv6 shifting delays. Also different addressing schemes are discussed which remains unchanged in future. Along with that limitations of IPv4 is also focused so present IPv4 network infrastructure can be more secured till IPv6 realization. Further the need for IPv6 is discussed along with its header and address formats.
Comparative Study of Routing Protocols in MANET
Authors: Lalar Sachin , Yadav Arun
Published: March 2017

Routing protocol is the essential and vital performance factor in the Mobile Ad-hoc Network. The routing protocols in MANET are accomplished to handle a lot number of nodes with restricted resources. There is a variety of routing protocol exist in MANET. The routing protocol which is chosen may have an effect on the performance of network. In this paper, We perform a comparative study of DSDV, CSGR, WRP, AODV, OLSR, DSR, TORA, ZRP, ZHLS, DYMO routing protocol with respect to Routing Approaches, Routing structure, Route selection, Route, Routing table, Route maintenance, Operation of protocols, Strength, Weakness.
Prediction of Bike Sharing Demand
Authors: Sachdeva Purnima , Sarvanan K N
Published: March 2017

Bike sharing systems have been gaining prominence all over the world with more than 500 successful systems being deployed in major cities like New York, Washington, London. With an increasing awareness of the harms of fossil based mean of transportation, problems of traffic congestion in cities and increasing health consciousness in urban areas, citizens are adopting bike sharing systems with zest. Even developing countries like India are adopting the trend with a bike sharing system in the pipeline for Karnataka. This paper tackles the problem of predicting the number of bikes which will be rented at any given hour in a given city, henceforth referred to as the problem of ‘Bike Sharing Demand’. In this vein, this paper investigates the efficacy of standard machine learning techniques namely SVM, Regression, Random Forests, Boosting by implementing and analyzing their performance with respect to each other.This paper also presents two novel methods, Linear Combination and Discriminating Linear Combination, for the ‘Bike Sharing Demand’ problem which supersede the aforementioned techniques as good estimates in the real world.
Comparative Anlysis of Clustering Techniques for Various Models of Node Deployment Strategies
Authors: George Alan , Jose Deepa
Published: March 2017

Energy efficiency has always remained a pressing matter in the world of Wireless Sensor Networks. Irrespective of the number of routing protocols that exist for Wireless Sensor Networks, only a handful can be named as efficient. Yet above all these routing protocols stands the emblematic one, the LEACH protocol. This research work is aimed at bringing forth a new routing strategy based on the LEACH protocol, which aims at improving the energy efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks and applying the given clustering technique, in randomly deployed and fixed sensor network simulation environment using MATLAB. In depth simulations have proven that the proposed clustering strategy gives better performance compared to LEACH based on the lifetime of the Nodes. A comparative analysis of the rate of energy consumed on various node deployment strategies has also been carried out.
Age Estimation Using OLPP Features
Authors: Vaishnavi M. S , Vijayalakshmi A
Published: March 2017

Aging face recognition poses as a key difficulty in facial recognition. It refers to identification of a person face over varied ages. It includes issues like age estimation, progression and verification. Non-availability of facial aging databases make it harder for any system to achieve good accuracy as there are no good training sets available. Age estimation when done correctly has a varied number of real life applications like age detailed vending machines, age specific access control and finding missing children. This paper implements age estimation using Park Aging Mind laboratory - Face database that contains metadata and 293 unique images of 293 individuals. Ages range from 19 to 45 with a median age of 32. Race is classified into two categories : African-American and Caucasian giving an accuracy of 98%. Sobel edge detection and Orthogonal locality preservation projection were used as the dominant features for the training and testing of age estimation. A Multi-stage binary classification using support vector machine was used to classify images into an age group thereafter predicting an individual’s age. The effectiveness of this method can be increased by using a large dataset with a wider age range.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kemampuan Sosialisasi Anak
Authors: Komariah Nurul , Farid Farid , Effendi Sjarif Hidayat
Published: March 2017

Latar belakang.Kemampuan sosialisasi berkontribusi besar bagi kesiapan anak bersekolah dan keberhasilan akademik. Banyak faktor yang berhubungan dengan kemampuan sosialisasi anak antara lain pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, status ekonomi dan pola asuh.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, status ekonomi, pola asuh dengan kemampuan sosialisasi anak. Metode. Penelitian menggunakan metode cross sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah anak-anak yang mengikuti PAUD Kecamatan Seberang Ulu I Palembang tahun 2013 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Dilakukan analisis untuk mengidentifikasi hubunganpendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, status ekonomi, pola asuh terhadap kemampuan sosialisasi anak. Pola asuh dinilai menggunakan parenting style questionaire (PSQ), sedangkan kemampuan sosialisasi anak dengan interaction rating scale (IRS). Hasil. Empatpuluh anak diikutkan dalam penelitian. Pola asuh non otoritatif merupakan satu-satunya faktor yang ditemukan secara bermakna berhubungan dengan kurangnya kemampuan sosialisasi anak setelah analisis multivariat (p=0,001; OR 52,80).Kesimpulan. Pola asuh non otoritatif berhubungan dengan kekurangan kemampuan sosialisasi anak.
Salary Cap system in NBA and adaptability to Turkish basketball leagues
NBA’de uygulanan Salary Cap sistemi ve Türkiye basketbol liglerine uyarlanabilirliği
Authors: Ötkan Can Çavin , Çolakoğlu Tekin
Published: March 2017

In this study; It is aimed to examine the structure of the NBA, which is at the top of world basketball's many different parameters such as prestige, brand value and rating, and to examine the Salary Cap system that shaped the NBA organization economically in terms of the data obtained with the literature review. In addition to this, the details of the Salary Cap system, its effects on the world basketball, the current developments related to the subject and adaptation to Turkish basketball have been examined with its positive and negative aspects. The current structure of Turkish basketball has been evaluated specifically for men's basketball leagues and financial implementation have been interpreted with positive and negative aspects. A detailed literature search method based on the literature was used in the study and the obtained data related to the subject were synthesized thematically.As a result, it was observed that the Salary Cap system, which is being implemented in the NBA organization, positively affected the brand value of the league, the sustainability of competition and the economic stability of the clubs and it would be beneficial for the Turkish sport if the similar application was adapted to the Turkish basketball within the country conditions and the work on the financial criteria was rearranged.           ÖzetBu çalışmada; dünya basketbolunun prestij, marka değeri ve izlenilirlik gibi pek çok farklı parametresine bakıldığında zirvede yer aldığı görülen NBA organizasyonunun tarihsel gelişiminin ve söz konusu organizasyonu ekonomik anlamda şekillendiren Salary Cap sisteminin, literatür taraması ile birlikte elde edilen bilgi ve veriler ışığında incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra, Salary Cap sisteminin detayları, olumlu ve olumsuz yönleri ile birlikte irdelenerek dünya basketboluna olan etkisi, konuya ilişkin yaşanan güncel gelişmeler ve söz konusu detaylar dahilinde Türk basketboluna adapte edilebilir özellikleri ortaya konulmak istenmiştir. Türk basketbolunun mevcut yapısı, erkek basketbol ligleri özelinde değerlendirilmiş ve mali uygulamalar yine pozitif ve negatif yanlarıyla birlikte yorumlanmıştır. Çalışmada literatüre dayalı detaylı kaynak taraması metodu kullanılmış ve konuya ilişkin elde edilen veriler sentezlenerek tematik olarak derlenmiştir.  Sonuç olarak baktığımızda ise, NBA organizasyonunda uygulanmakta olan Salary Cap sisteminin, ligin marka değerine, rekabetin sürdürülebilirliğine ve kulüplerin ekonomik istikrarına olumlu yönde etki ettiği görülmüş, benzer uygulamanın ülke şartları dahilinde Türk basketboluna uyarlanması ve mali kriterler ekseninde yapının yeniden düzenlenmesi durumunda, Türk sporu adına olumlu bir adım atılacağı kanaatine ulaşılmıştır.
Concerted regulation of renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate by renal dopamine and NOS I in rats on high salt intake
Authors: Ibarra Mariano E. , Albertoni Borghese Maria F. , Majowicz Mónica P. , Ortiz María C. , Loidl Fabián , Rey‐Funes Manuel , Di Ciano Luis A. , Ibarra Fernando R.
Published: March 2017

Under high sodium intake renal dopamine (DA) increases while NOS I expression in macula densa cells (MD) decreases. To explore whether renal DA and NOS I, linked to natriuresis and to the stability of the tubuloglomerular feedback, respectively, act in concert to regulate renal plasma flow (RPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Male Wistar rats were studied under a normal sodium intake (NS, NaCl 0.24%) or a high sodium intake (HS, NaCl 1% in drinking water) during the 5 days of the study. For the last two days, the specific D1‐like receptor antagonist SCH 23390 (1 mg kg bwt−1 day−1, sc) or a vehicle was administered. HS intake increased natriuresis, diuresis, and urinary DA while it decreased cortical NOS I expression (P < 0.05 vs. NS), Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH‐d) activity in MD (P < 0.001 vs. NS) and cortical nitrates+nitrites (NOx) production (NS 2.04 ± 0.22 vs. HS 1.28 ± 0.10 nmol mg protein−1, P < 0.01). Treatment with SCH 23390 to rats on HS sharply decreased hydroelectrolyte excretion (P < 0.001 vs. HS) while NOS I expression, NADPH‐d activity and NOx production increased (P < 0.05 vs. HS for NOS I and P < 0.001 vs. HS for NADPH‐d and NOx). SCH 23390 increased RPF and GFR in HS rats (P < 0.01 HS+SCH vs. HS). It did not cause variations in NS rats. Results indicate that when NS intake is shifted to a prolonged high sodium intake, renal DA through the D1R, and NOS I in MD cells act in concert to regulate RPF and GFR to stabilize the delivery of NaCl to the distal nephron.
On the generalized orthogonal stability of the pexiderized quadratic functional equations in modular spaces
Authors: EL-Fassi Iz-iddine , Kabbaj Samir
Published: March 2017

In this paper, we establish the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of the quadratic functional equation of Pexiderized type f(x + y)+ f(x - y) = 2g(x)+ 2h(y), x⊥y in which ⊥ is the orthogonality in the sense of Rätz in modular spaces.
Least absolute deviations problem for the Michaelis-Menten function
Authors: Sabo Kristian
Published: March 2017

In this paper, we consider the problem of the existence of a least absolute deviations estimator for the Michaelis-Menten model function. We give necessary and sufficient conditions under which the least absolute deviations problem has a solution. In order to illustrate the usefulness of such conditions we give several numerical examples.
Crystal structure of 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-perimidin-3-ium iodide, C19H16FIN2
Authors: Li Zhong-Yan , Zhang Min , Yuan Xian-You , Yuan Lin
Published: March 2017

C19H16FIN2, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 15.1714(3) Å, b = 14.0610(3) Å, c = 15.9365(3) Å, V = 3399.65(12) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0295, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0787, T = 296(2) K.
Syntaxerwerb bei ein- und mehrsprachigen Grundschüler/innen: eine quantitative Untersuchung
Authors: Goschler Juliana
Published: March 2017

In the German education system, a relatively strong connection between immigration background and educational success has repeatedly been observed. It is often assumed that this is due at least partly to differences in linguistic competence in German between mono- and bilingual children. However, results from international studies on language acquisition do not suggest a correlation between bilingualism and linguistic deficits, or delays in the development of linguistic competence. It seems necessary, therefore, to take a closer look at the linguistic development of mono- and bilingual children in specific cultural and educational settings. In this paper, I am going to present two studies conducted on the basis of 264 written narratives by third-graders in a small German town. The results of the first study show no significant difference in syntactic complexity between the texts of mono- and bilingual children. The second study shows small but significant differences in the number of grammatical errors, but not in the domain of syntax. Thus, differences in educational success are not due to an incomplete or delayed acquisition of syntactic structures.
Contextualizing Josquin’s Ave Maria…virgo serena
Authors: Bokulich Clare
Published: March 2017

Notwithstanding the reputation of Josquin’s Ave Maria…virgo serena as a touchstone of late–fifteenth-century musical style, little is known about the context in which the piece emerged. Just over a decade ago, Joshua Rifkin placed the motet in Milan ca. 1484; more recently, Theodor Dumitrescu has uncovered stylistic affinities with Johannes Regis’s Ave Maria that reopen the debate about the provenance of Josquin's setting. Stipulating that the issues of provenance and dating are for the moment unsolvable, I argue that the most promising way forward is to contextualize this work to the fullest extent possible. Using the twin lenses of genre and musical style, I investigate the motet’s apparently innovative procedures (e.g., paired duos, periodic entries, and block chords) in order to refine our understanding of how Josquin’s setting relates to that of Regis and to the Milanese motet cycles (motetti missales). I also uncover connections between Josquin’s motet and the music of earlier generations, above all the cantilena and the forme fixe chanson, that offer new insights into the development of musical style in the fifteenth century. The essay concludes by positioning the types of analyses explored here within a growing body of research that enables a revitalized approach to longstanding questions about compositional development and musical style.
Ferruccio Busoni and the “Halfness” of Frédéric Chopin
Authors: Knyt Erinn E.
Published: March 2017

Ferruccio Busoni (1866–1924) championed Frédéric Chopin’s music. Yet his performances often elicited responses of shock or amusement because they rebelled against the prevalent sentimental style of interpretation associated with an “effeminate” Chopin. Even some of his staunchest admirers had trouble appreciating his unprompted repeats of measures or structural wholes in the preludes or etudes, his registral alterations, and his overly intellectualized approach. Also unusual was his choice to program the preludes as a complete cycle.

Scholars have documented Busoni’s interpretive eccentricities, but the rationale behind them and their significance for the evolution of Chopin interpretation in the twentieth century remains largely unexplored. Through analyses of recordings, concert programs, recital reviews, and Busoni’s little-known and unpublished essay from 1908 titled “Chopin: Eine Ansicht über ihn,” I connect Busoni’s unconventional Chopin interpretations to an idiosyncratic perception of Chopin’s character. In the nineteenth century Chopin and his music were commonly viewed as effeminate, androgynous, childish, sickly, and “ethnically other.” Busoni’s essay indicates that he, too, considered Chopin’s music “poetic,” “feminine,” and “emotive.” But this was problematic for Busoni, who was obsessed with “manliness” in an age in which gender roles were gradually changing. He discovered “half-manly” and “half-dramatic” elements in the music and in Chopin’s character—that is, a heroic, monumental side. In striving to portray the “whole” of Chopin and his music while distancing himself from the gendered “halfness” of earlier writings, Busoni became a pioneer of bolder Chopin interpretation and of monumentalist programming. His portrait of Chopin reveals how cultural ideas inform the evolution of performers’ interpretations.
The Filmmaker as DJ
Authors: Decker Todd
Published: March 2017

Filmmaker Martin Scorsese’s Casino (1995) is structured around a compiled score of almost sixty popular music recordings. Scorsese himself, working with editor Thelma Schoonmaker and using digital editing tools for the first time, assembled and arranged a diverse body of pre-existing music into a unified score that plays for more than two of the film’s three hours. This article offers a close analysis of Scorsese acting as composer—crafting Casino’s compiled score in the manner of a DJ—and, in reciprocal fashion, editing film images and narrative to recorded music. Casino demonstrates highly varied, multivalent relationships between musical form and film form. Indeed, musical form proves a constituent element of Casino’s construction at multiple levels of magnification. The large-scale form of the score as a whole articulates the larger arc of Casino’s dual narrative. The strategic deployment of musical styles (from jazz to rock to pop) and the targeted use of lyrics as voiceover (often subtly deploying aspects of racial performance in popular styles) serve to differentiate narrative strands and fill out otherwise unspoken characterization. Scorsese builds several sequences in Casino on a direct, often audible relationship between song forms and narrative unfolding, creating song scenes in which compiled tracks heard as musical wholes grant a musical shape to discrete narrative units. Casino’s complex use of music does not, however, penetrate the inner lives of the film’s three primary characters, who seem unaware of the musical flow Scorsese employs to set their story dancing. The analysis draws upon the filmmaker’s own words about his creative process and offers select comparisons to other Scorsese films with compiled scores.
JUODŽIAUSIAS MYKOLO RÖMERIO GYVENIMO TARPSNIS
Authors: Maksimaitis Mindaugas
Published: March 2017

Straipsnyje apibūdinami paskutiniai penkeri profesoriaus M. Römerio gyvenimo metai, sutapę su viena kitą keitusiomis Lietuvos okupacijomis Antrojo pasaulinio karo metais, esmingai pakitus gyvenimo sąlygoms, atitolus ne tik nuo jam buvusios būdingos aktyvios valstybinės ir visuomeninės veiklos, bet ir įprasto akademinio darbo.
Evolution of consumption value concept
Authors: Gargasas Audrius , Mūgienė Indra
Published: March 2017

The term of consumption value is a dynamic and a developing concept. Consumption value is often identified as synonymous to the terms of costumer value or user perceived quality for the goods or services. Variety of interpretations of consumption value concept prevailing in the scientific literature, presupposes the further theoretical research of its genesis. The aim of the paper – to create principal scheme of evolution of consumption value concept. In order to achieve the aim, following tasks were raised: to provide the links between the terms of quality and the user perceived value; to define the ratio between concepts of the value to the consumer and the consumption value; to create principal scheme of consumption value evolution concept. Study methodology: analysis of the scientific articles which deal with the theoretical aspects of the consumption value, user perceived value and costumer value in order to determine the origin of the formation of consumption value concept. Information were grouped and structured, revealing the following graph and influence to the formation of the consumption value concept. Based on the analysis, the principal scheme of consumption value concept`s evolution were created.
Men and women on air
Authors: Yoong Melissa
Published: March 2017

This paper investigates the use of humour in a Malaysian radio phone-in programme to reinforce or challenge stereotypical conceptualisations of men and women. It is argued that these acts of humour uphold gender hierarchies and inequalities in a few ways. Traditional stereotypical portrayals of women still prevail, and these characteristics are naturalised by appealing to assumed shared common sense. Although both sexes are mocked in some instances of humour, when analysing why men and women are ridiculed, it was found that the men were targeted for two conflicting reasons: for exhibiting stereotypical feminine characteristics and for attempting to produce a hegemonic masculine identity. On the other hand, women were mocked for embodying traits culturally ascribed to masculinity. It is concluded that this works to legitimate men’s social dominance over women.
Resisting silence
Authors: Jaborooty Maryam Paknahad , Baker Paul
Published: March 2017

This paper illustrates how women in Iran use blogs to write about their relationships and feelings as a way of providing momentarily empowerment in a society that places restrictions on their freedom. We examine a relatively under-explored form of blogging, common to Iran, which we call ‘love blogging’, and we carry out a qualitative analysis of a small sample of four blog postings from different Iranian women which are used to illustrative different techniques that women use in order to challenge hegemonic gendered discourses in their society. We show how Iranian women use blogs as a way of revealing their innermost thoughts, creating alternative identities and articulating what is left ‘unsaid’ to their partners. The postings chosen highlight the disempowered status of women in Iranian society, from staying at home to carry out servicework to cases of marital rape and other forms of violence which Iranian women are expected to silently endure. The blog postings also indicate how women use techniques to avoid censorship, including use of metaphor, ambiguity, altered idioms and images.
KONSERVASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER ISLAMI DALAM HIDDEN CURRICULUM SEKOLAH
Authors: Fathurrohman Fathurrohman
Published: March 2017

Pendidikan di negeri ini hingga sekarang masih menyisakan banyak persoalan, baik dari segi kurikulum, manajemen, maupun para pelaku dan pengguna pendidikan. SDM Indonesia masih belum mencerminkan cita-cita pendidikan yang diharapkan. Masih banyak ditemukan kasus seperti siswa melakukan kecurangan ketika sedang menghadapi ujian, bersikap malas dan senang bermain, hura-hura, senang tawuran antar sesama siswa, melakukan pergaulan bebas, hingga terlibat narkoba dan tindak kriminal lainnya. Kenyataan membuktikan bahwa Indonesia banyak bermasalah dalam hal karakter. Hal ini berarti bangsa Indonesia yang didominasi oleh umat Islam belum mengamalkan ajaran agama dengan baik. Untuk itu, perlu menjadikan pendidikan karakter Islami sebagai pondasi utama dalam membangun karakter manusia. Dengan agamalah karakter yang seutuhnya bisa dibangun. Namun demikian, untuk zaman sekarang masih diperlukan metode dan strategi yang dikembangkan oleh para ahli moral melalui hidden curriculum di sekolah.
POLA PENDIDIKAN NABI YA’QUB A.S. DALAM MENDIDIK NABI YUSUF A.S. PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Thobroni Ahmad Yusam
Published: March 2017

Metode pengajaran yang tergambar dalam kisah Nabi Ya’qub dan Nabi Yusuf berupa dialog interaktif yang memberikan panduan akan aksi pendidik dan reaksi anak didik. Sedangkan kompetensi pendidik dan etika anak didik dapat dijelaskan sebagai sikap-sikap yang mesti dimiliki oleh komunitas pendidikan; seperti kesabaran, menjaga rahasia, mengembangan bakat secara individual, melihat kondisi sosial terlebih dahulu jika akan menyampaikan sesuatu, mentakwilan mimpi, kasih sayang, mampu memanfaatkan situasi, mudah memaafkan, mendoakan pihak lain, serta bersikap pasrah dan tunduk. Sebagai pendidik dan anak didik, jika  mampu menerapkan pola pendidikan seperti digambarkan di atas, maka insyaallah akan terlahirkan generasi yang baik, unggul dan kompetitif karena terlahir dari pola pendidikan Qur’ani.
Labmagengeschwüre beim Rind
Authors: Wittek T. , Hund A.
Published: March 2017

Labmagengeschwüre beim Rind sind in mehrerlei Hinsicht problematisch. Sie verursachen durch Schmerzen Leistungseinbußen und können gravierende Folgen bis hin zum Tod des Tieres haben. Meist lassen sie sich nur schwer diagnostizieren, weshalb die Angaben zur Prävalenz stark schwanken. Zudem gibt es nur limitierte Behandlungsmöglichkeiten. Die Ulzera werden in vier Typen eingeteilt: Labmagengeschwüre von Typ 1 sind oberflächliche, nicht perforierende Läsionen, bei Typ-2-Läsionen kommt es durch die Arrosion eines größeren Blutgefäßes in der Labmagenwand zu starkem Blutverlust und bei Typ 3 sowie 4 handelt es sich um perforierende Ulzera mit lokaler bzw. diffuser Peritonitis. Labmagengeschwüre haben eine multifaktorielle Genese. Sie entstehen unter anderem durch falsche Fütterung und damit einhergehende Verdauungsstörungen, als Nebenwirkung von Medikamenten wie nichtsteroidale Antiphlogistika und als Folge anderer Erkrankungen. Prinzipiell liegt pathophysiologisch eine stressbedingte Störung der protektiven Mechanismen im Labmagen vor. Die klinischen Symptome sind mannigfaltig und meist unspezifisch. Die Untersuchung auf okkultes Blut im Kot, Blutbild und blutchemische Para meter, eine Ultraschalluntersuchung oder Abdominozentese können Hinweise auf die Diagnose liefern. Die therapeutischen Optionen umfassen eine symptomatische, chirurgische und medikamentöse Behandlung. Zu den Präventionsmaßnahmen gehören eine adäquate Fütterung und Haltung der Tiere sowie die möglichst frühzeitige Diagnose und Behandlung von Erkrankungen, die die Bildung von Labmagengeschwüren zur Folge haben könnten. Belastungssituationen wie Transport und Gruppenwechsel sollten vermieden werden.
The brazilian version of the Quality of Life Assessment of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults (QoL-AGHDA): Four-stage translation and validation
Authors: Ribeiro-Oliveira Jr Antônio , Mol Suélem Simão , Twiss James , Alencar Guilherme Asmar , Miranda Paulo Augusto Carvalho , Naves Luciana A. , Azevedo Monalisa F. , Basílio Flávia M. A. , Boguszewski César Luiz , Nogueira Kátia C. , Vilar Lúcio , Koltowska-Haggstrom Maria , McKenna Steve P.
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE: This study reports on the Brazilian Portuguese adaptation of the QoL-AGHDA (Quality of Life Assessment of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults) for use in adult growth hormone deficient (GHD) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The translation process adopted the dual panel methodology. The questionnaire was tested through field-test interviews (16 GHD patients). In the final stage, data from 120 GHD patients (81 included in a test-retest analysis) were analyzed for internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity and validity among known groups. RESULTS: The translation panels were successful and the draft version was amended to improve the wording as a result of the field-test interviews. Cronbach's alpha was 0.90 and test-retest reliability 0.88. QoL-AGHDA scores had the expected pattern of association with NHP scale scores and QoL-AGHDA was able to differentiate significantly between patients based on patient-reported general health (p < 0.01) and QoL (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The adaptation of the QoL-AGHDA for a Brazilian population was successful and the adapted questionnaire was shown to be reliable and valid.
Aspectos clínicos e moleculares do hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico isolado congênito
Authors: Tusset Cintia , Trarbach Éricka B. , Silveira Letícia Ferreira Gontijo , Beneduzzi Daiane , Montenegro Luciana , Latronico Ana Claudia
Published: March 2017

O hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico isolado (HHI) congênito caracteriza-se pela falta completa ou parcial de desenvolvimento puberal em decorrência de defeitos na migração, síntese, secreção ou ação do hormônio liberador de gonadotrofinas (GnRH). Baixas concentrações de esteroides sexuais e valores reduzidos ou inapropriadamente normais de gonadotrofinas hipofisárias (LH e FSH) definem, do ponto de vista laboratorial, essa condição clínica. A secreção dos demais hormônios hipofisários encontra-se normal, bem como a ressonância magnética de região hipotalâmica-hipofisária, demonstrando a ausência de uma causa anatômica. Alterações olfatórias, como anosmia ou hiposmia, podem estar associadas ao HHI, caracterizando a síndrome de Kallmann. Uma lista crescente de genes está envolvida na etiologia do HHI, sugerindo a heterogeneidade e a complexidade da base genética dessa condição. Distúrbios na rota de migração dos neurônios secretores de GnRH e dos neurônios olfatórios formam a base clínico-patológica da síndrome de Kallmann. Mutações nos genes KAL1, FGFR1/FGF8, PROK2/PROKR2, NELF, CHD7, HS6ST1 e WDR11 foram associadas a defeitos de migração neuronal, causando a síndrome de Kallmann. É notável que defeitos nos genes FGFR1, FGF8, PROKR2, CHD7 e WDR11 foram também associados ao HHI sem alterações olfatórias (HHI normósmico), porém em menor frequência. Adicionalmente, defeitos nos KISS1R, TAC3/TACR3 e GNRH1/GNRHR foram descritos exclusivamente em pacientes com HHI normósmico. Neste trabalho, revisaremos as características clínicas, hormonais e genéticas do HHI.
Prescription patterns for diabetes mellitus and therapeutic implications: a population-based analysis
Authors: Guidoni Camilo Molino , Borges Anna Paula de Sá , Freitas Osvaldo de , Pereira Leonardo Régis Leira
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE: To analyze drug prescriptions for insulin and oral antidiabetic drugs in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients seen in the Brazilian Public Healthcare System (Unified Health System - SUS) in Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: All the patients with diabetes seen in the SUS in the western district of Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil between March/2006 and February/2007 were included in the study. RESULTS: A total of 3,982 patients were identified. Mean age of the patients was 60.6 years, and 61.0% were females. Sixty percent of the patients were treated with monotherapy. Doses of oral antidiabetic drugs were lower in monotherapy than in polytherapy. Ten patients received doses of glibenclamide or metformin above the recommended maximum doses, and in elderly patients there was no reduction in drug doses. CONCLUSION: Monotherapy with oral antidiabetic drugs was the predominant procedure, and the doses were not individualized according to age.
Occurrence of the alcoholic tolerance phenomenon and their relationships with daily frequency of ethanol doses and with the presence of an withdrawal interval, in an experimental model of alcoholism in rats
Authors: Cardeal J. O. , Cavalheiro E. A.
Published: March 2017

In this paper we present the effects of the number of daily toxic doses of alcohol and of the duration of withdrawal period on alcohol tolerance in rats submitted to cycles of 21 doses each. It was observed that alcohol tolerance was increased in animals which received less number of alcohol doses by day and that some degree of tolerance can be detected even after a withdrawal interval of 15 days.
Hiperglicinemia não cetótica: estudo de um caso
Authors: Moura-Ribeiro M.V. , Ferlin M.L. , Gallina R.A. , Funayama C.A.R. , Fernandes R.M.F.
Published: March 2017

A hiperglicinemia não cetótica é erro inato do metabolismo que se manifesta por crises epilépticas de difícil controle desde os primeiros dias de vida, em recém-nascido hipotônico. A falta do enzima que catalisa a conversão de glicina em ácido hidroximetiltetra-hidrofólico, dióxido de carbono e amônia, no fígado e no cérebro, resulta em aumento da concentração de glicina no sangue. Neste estudo é relatado caso de hiperglicinemia diagnosticado no período neonatal e caracterizado por hipotonia e múltiplas convulsões não controláveis. Os achados clínicos e eletrencefalográficos, aspectos do tratamento e do estudo anátomo-patológico são comentados.
Esquistossomose medular: forma tumoral. Relato de um caso
Authors: Salomão J. Francisco , Duarte Francisco , Ancilon Mário , Paola Flávia de , Almeida Filho Samuel de
Published: March 2017

Os autores relatam o caso de um jovem procedente de área endêmica e que apresentou quadro de compressão medular por um granuloma esquistos-somótico. A lesão encontrava-se localizada ao nível do cone medular e epicone, sendo parcialmente removida. Discutem as características clínicas e patológicas da mielopatia esquistossomótica, com ênfase especial à forma tumoral da parasitose. Discute-se também a frequência do acometimento medular, admitindo-se ser a doença bem mais frequente do que se supõe. Revisão da literatura pertinente é realizada.
Líquido cefalorraqueano e neurocisticercose: aspectos evolutivos da resposta inflamatória celular
Authors: Machado L. R.
Published: March 2017

Foram estudadas 357 amostras de LCR de 40 pacientes com neurocisticercose, submetidos a tratamento medicamentoso com praziquantel associado a dexametasona. No sentido de avaliar aspectos evolutivos do componente celular da resposta inflamatória, foram programadas, para cada paciente, avaliações do exame de LCR em 13 oportunidades: por ocasião do dagnóstico; durante o tratamento; e posteriormente, a intervalos prefixados até completar dois anos de evolução. Foi utilizada metodologia adequada ao estudo citológico e citomorfológico, bem como à quantificação de linfócitos B e T. Para determinação de subpopulações T-ativa, T-sensibilizada e T-ávidas foram utilizados, como marcadores de superfície, receptores para hemácias de carneiro. O grupo controle é constituído de 50 pacientes com cefaléia crônica e que não apresentavam alterações ao exame físico e ao exame neurológico. Em todos, o exame de LCR estava dentro dos limites normais. Linfócitos B e T não apresentavam alterações no exame inicial de LCR; não houve modificações no seu comportamento durante toda a evolução. Os elementos da resposta inflamatória celular capazes de fornecer informações significativas acerca do perfil evolutivo em estudo foram: o número de células, a presença e o número de polimorfonucleares neutrófilos e de células eosinófilas e a quantificação de subpopulações T-ativa e T-sensibilizada. A presença de polimorfonucleares neutrófilos embora influenciada pela ação dos corticosteróides e pela presença de sistema de derivação do trânsito do LCR, pode constituir-se em elemento qualitativo sugestivo de atividade inflamatória. Os valores percentuais para linfócitos T-ativos, diminuídos na primeira amostra, e T-sensibilizados, aumentados na primeira amostra, podem ser indicadores quantitativos e qualitativos adequados a reconhecer a vigência de atividade inflamatória local no sistema LCR; estas subpopulações linfocitárias, com alterações significativas em 63,2% dos pacientes no exame inicial, não são influenciadas significativamente pelo uso de corticosteróides. Os valores de eosinófilos e de linfócitos T-sensibilizados estão significativamente aumentados em pacientes que apresentaram complicações clínicas durante o período de acompanhamento após o tratamento; subpopulação de linfócitos T-ativos estava significativamente diminuída nestes casos. O número de células e a presença de eosinófilos são os elementos da resposta inflamatória celular relacionáveis a tipos de alterações detectadas pela tomografia computadorizada do crânio. Os elementos da resposta inflamatória celular estudados não apresentam correlação significativa entre si, podendo traduzir cada um deles aspectos particulares da reação inflamatória celular no SNC em pacientes com neurocisticercose.
Avaliação neurológica evolutiva e das funções corticais numa amostra de crianças da primeira série
Authors: Fernandez Liana Lisboa , Guardiola Ana , Rotta Newra Tellechea
Published: March 2017

Os autores estudam 24 crianças que cursam pela primeira vez a primeira série do primeiro grau, mediante o exame neurológico clássico, bem como do exame neurológico evolutivo e de provas para avaliar funções corticais. Analisam o desempenho escolar em relação ao desempenho no exame neurológico evolutivo e no exame das funções corticais. Comparam e discutem os resultados. Concluem que o uso desses dois instrumentos é capaz de discriminar o bom e o mau desempenho escolar.
Hidrocefalia infantil resultados tardios em 102 pacientes e importância da neuro -sonografia
Authors: Machado Hélio R. , Martelli Nelson , Assirati Jr João A. , Colli Benedito O. , Carlotti Jr Carlos G. , Boullosa José L. R. , Funayama Carolina , Machado Yara M. Nunes , Martins M. Angélica O. , Almeida Sueli
Published: March 2017

Os autores apresentam sua experiência em 102 crianças com hidrocefalia de diversas etiologias, acompanhadas por 5 1/2 anos. Cerca de 80% dessas crianças tinham idade inferior a dois anos, o que possibilitou seu acompanhamento com a ultra-sonografia craniana (4,4 exames por paciente). Os resultados a longo prazo são comparáveis aos obtidos na literatura com redação ao número de procedimentos por paciente (1,66), índice de infecqões (5,2%), mortalidade (6,8%) e desenvolvimento intelectual. A ultra-sonografia mostrou-se útil porque é inócua, tem baixo custo operacional, é comparável à tomografia computadorizada nessa faixa etária, podendo ser repetida rotineiramente e permitindo um relacionamento entre o médico, a criança e sua mãe que afetam favoravelmente o diagnóstico precoce de complicações e a melhor compreensão da patologia pelos pais.
Espasmo hemifacial resultados da descompressão microvascular em 53 pacientes
Authors: Niemeyer Filho Paulo , Bezerra Marcelo , Mufarrej Gabriel
Published: March 2017

Num período de 10 anos, 53 pacientes com espasmo hemifacial foram submetidos a 54 procedimentos de descompressão microvascular da raiz do facial, na fossa posterior. A técnica empregada foi a mesma desenvolvida por Jannetta e o resultado cirúrgico inicial foi considerado excelente em 91% dos casos. O follow-up variou de 60 dias a 7 anos, cora 40 pacientes acompanhados por mais de 2 anos e 16, por mais de 5 anos. Apenas um paciente apresentou reciciva dos espasmos. Não houve óbito e as complicações não foram importantes, sendo, em sua maioria, transitórias e relacionadas à VII e VIII raízes. Em 4 pacientes não encontramos compressão da raiz. Concluimos que, quaisquer sejam as causas do espasmo hemifacial ou mecanismos de ação da cirurgia, os resultados da descompressão microvascular são excelentes, a curto e longo prazo, e superiores aos obtidos pelas demais formas de tratamento clínico ou cirúrgico.
Potenciales evocados visuales en la enfermedad de chagas-mazza cronica
Authors: Pelli-Noble Raul F. , Iouzquiza Oscar D. , Riarte Estela Graiff de
Published: March 2017

Se efectuaron potenciales evocados visuales (PEV) en sus variantes flash (F) y pattern (P), en 17 pacientes afectados de enfermedad de Chagas crónica. La edad del grupo se halló comprendida entre los 21 y 65 anos. Se incluyeron pacientes con período de evolución mayor de 7 anos y dos serologías positivas como mínimo. La selección fue descartando a los portadores de diabetes, alcoholismo, lepra, sífilis y enfermedades degenerativas del sistema nervioso central, como así intoxicaciones de diversas etiologías y afecciones visuales detectadas en el exámen oftalmológico. Todos fueron estudiados con exámenes clínicos y complementarios de rutina, electrocardiograma, exámen oftalmológico y específicos como la reacción de Machado-Guerreiro, test de inmunofluorescência y test de hemoaglutinación. Los resultados de los PEV mostraron fundamentalmente alteraciones en la morfología del trazado y disminución de la amplitud dei potencial, en el 35% de los pacientes estudiados. Estas alteraciones electroneurofisiológicas permitirían inferir correlación a los hallazgos anatomopatológicos, que muestran perdida de grupos neuronales en autópsias de pacientes chagásicos crónicos.
Avaliação neurofisiológica por potenciais evocados sensoriais multimodais em pacientes em coma: aspectos gerais
Authors: Luccas Francisco J. C. , Lopes José A. , Plastino Félix R. T. , Knobel Elias
Published: March 2017

Potenciais evocados sensorials (PES) são analisados pelos autores, apoiados em experiência de mais de 6 anos. É conceituado o método, orientando a obtenção à beira do leito, em UTI, em pacientes em coma. Analisa-se a execução do PE visual por flash (PEV-F), PE auditivo de tronco cerebral (PEA-TC) e PE sômato-sensitivo de nervo mediano (PESS-M), propondo-se classificação dos achados principais. É discutido o valor diagnóstico dos PES em pacientes em coma, principalmente na avaliação neurofisiológica do nível de comprometimento do sistema nervoso, cruzando-se informações obtidas por via horizontal (PEV-F), vertical (PESS-M) e do tronco cerebral (PEA-TC). Os PES podem colaborar no diagnóstico de morte encefálica e na detecção de alterações específicas a cada via. É ressaltado o valor prognóstico dos PES, em especial do PESS-M. PEA-TC anormal implica em mau prognóstico e, se normal, depende-se dos outros PE; PESS-M normal ou apenas levemente alterado indica bom prognóstico; PESS-M com ausência bilateral de componentes tálamo-corticais denuncia mau prognóstico. O PEV-F mostra comportamento similar ao do PESS-M.
Sinal de Lhermitte durante punção cervical lateral sumario dos acidentes possíveis na punção lateral, C1-C2 e relato de dois casos de penetração medular
Authors: Rositti Sandro L. , Balbo Roque J.
Published: March 2017

O sinal de Lhermitte foi referido por dois pacientes durante punção lateral C1-C2 (PCL), devido a penetração acidental da medula espinhal. Apresentamos breve revisão da literatura sobre a lesão nervosa e/ou vascular acidental durante a PCL e fazemos recomendações técnicas para a sua prevenção.
Cisticercose espinhal leptomeníngea pura
Authors: Rossitti S. L. , Roth-Vargas A.A. , Moreira A. R. S. , Sperlescu A. , Araújo J. F. M. , Balbo R. J.
Published: March 2017

Relata de um caso com verificação cirúrgica de cisticercose espinhal, forma leptomeníngea restrita à cauda eqüina, em paciente adulto. É discutido o papel do sistema venoso vertebral na infestação dos espaços subaracnóideos na neurocisticercose, originando formas clínicas primariamente espinhais.
Aquaporin 9 in rat brain after severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Liu Hui , Yang Mei , Qiu Guo-ping , Zhuo Fei , Yu Wei-hua , Sun Shan-quan , Xiu Yun
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE: To reveal the expression and possible roles of aquaporin 9 (AQP9) in rat brain, after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: Brain water content (BWC), tetrazolium chloride staining, Evans blue staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), western blot, and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used. RESULTS: The BWC reached the first and second (highest) peaks at 6 and 72 hours, and the blood brain barrier (BBB) was severely destroyed at six hours after the TBI. The worst brain ischemia occurred at 72 hours after TBI. Widespread AQP9-positive astrocytes and neurons in the hypothalamus were detected by means of IHC and IF after TBI. The abundance of AQP9 and its mRNA increased after TBI and reached two peaks at 6 and 72 hours, respectively, after TBI. CONCLUSIONS: Increased AQP9 might contribute to clearance of excess water and lactate in the early stage of TBI. Widespread AQP9-positive astrocytes might help lactate move into neurons and result in cellular brain edema in the later stage of TBI. AQP9-positive neurons suggest that AQP9 plays a role in energy balance after TBI.
Depression Subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale applied preoperatively in spinal surgery
Authors: Falavigna Asdrubal , Righesso Orlando , Teles Alisson Roberto , Baseggio Natália , Velho Maíra Cristina , Ruschel Leonardo Gilmone , Abruzzi Fabíola , Silva Pedro Guarise da
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of the Depression Subscale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D) in spine surgery, comparing it to Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, the HADS-D and the BDI were applied to patients undergoing spine surgery for lumbar (n=139) or cervical spondylosis (n=17). Spearman correlation tests for HADS-D and BDI were applied. The internal consistency of HADS-D was estimated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. RESULTS: According to the BDI, the prevalence of depression was of 28.8% (n=45). The Spearman r coefficient between HADS-D and BDI was 0.714 (p<0.001). Cronbach's alpha for HADS-D was 0.795. The area of the ROC curve was 0.845. Using a cutoff for HADS-D >10, there was a sensitivity of 71.1%, specificity of 95.4%, and positive likelihood-ratio of 15.78. CONCLUSIONS: HADS-D showed a strong correlation with BDI and good reliability. HADS-D is a good alternative for screening depression and assessing its severity.