bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las cartas al Editor: una necesidad fisiológica y ontológica de las revistas científicas
Authors: Campo-Arias Adalberto
Published: January 2018

A la fecha, Duazary, Revista Internacional de Ciencias de la Salud ha publicado catorce volúmenes, 28 números regulares y un suplemento en trece años ininterrumpidos de divulgación científica nacional e internacional. Sin embargo, no se cuenta con la publicación de una carta al editor y ello se evidencia claramente en las publicaciones de los años más recientes en que está modalidad ha crecido notablemente
La inteligencia emocional como factor protector en adolescentes con ideación suicida
Authors: Mamani-Benito Oscar Javier , Brousett-Minaya Magaly Alejandra , Ccori-Zúñiga Duumy Neyma , Villasante-Idme Karen Shirley
Published: January 2018

El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar la eficacia de un programa de intervención para desarrollar la inteligencia emocional en un grupo de riesgo. La metodología implica un diseño cuasi experimental, con grupo intacto, el mismo que fue sometido a una evaluación antes y después de una intervención. La población consta de 33 adolescentes, mujeres identificadas con ideación suicida, y los instrumentos aplicados fueron la escala de ideación suicida de Beck y el inventario de inteligencia emocional de BarOn Ice. Los resultados evidencian el hallazgo de diferencias significativas (p  < ,05) en los niveles tanto de ideación suicida (Z = -4,596) como en las dimensiones de inteligencia emocional: intrapersonal (t = -7,815), manejo de estrés (t = 10,294) y estado de ánimo general (t = 7,178). Se corrobora la prevalencia de la inteligencia emocional afectada en sujetos que presentan ideación suicida; así también, los resultados concuerdan con estudios que sustentan que la inteligencia emocional modula el riesgo suicida. Por lo tanto, se ha demostrado que la eficacia del programa de intervención permitió el desarrollo de la inteligencia emocional en las dimensiones antes mencionadas; por consecuencia se disminuyeron los niveles de ideación suicida en la población de riesgo
Changes in Humoral and Cellular Immunity in Tertiary Peritonitis
Authors: Matviychuk Oleh
Published: January 2018

The objective of the research was to give a comparative characteristic of parameters of humoral and cellular immunity in the development of secondary and tertiary peritonitis.Materials and methods. The research enrolled 109 patients with secondary peritonitis, 20 of whom developed tertiary peritonitis. Changes in humoral and cellular immunity were evaluated by serial blood tests for the determination of leukocyte count, the relative number of lymphocytes, Ig A, M, and G levels, as well as by counting the phagocytic index, the phagocytic number and the leukocyte intoxication index. The statistical processing of the obtained data was made using the STATISTICA 5.0 software (StatSoft, USA).Results. All the patients were divided into 2 groups: the group of patients with secondary peritonitis (n=89) and the group of patients with tertiary peritonitis (n=20). In the development of tertiary peritonitis, leukocytosis, relative lymphocytopenia and high values of the leukocyte intoxication index persisted during the entire observation period. In tertiary peritonitis, the phagocytic index was significantly lower only on the day of hospitalization. In the group of tertiary peritonitis, the phagocytic number decreased significantly until the 7th day after surgery. Ig A, M and G levels were lower since admission and subsequently decreased as compared to the results in the group of patients with secondary peritonitis.Conclusions. 1. Tertiary peritonitis is the most severe form of abdominal sepsis with high rates of mortality and rather difficult early diagnosis. 2. With the development of tertiary peritonitis, leukocytosis increases and relative lymphocytopenia develops. 3. The reduction in phagocytic index is indicative for the prognosis of tertiary peritonitis. 4. Ig A and M levels are significantly lower, and the leukocyte intoxication index is high at the time of hospitalization in patients who subsequently develop tertiary peritonitis.
Facilitating Factors and Barriers to the Use of Emerging Technologies for Suicide Prevention in Europe: Multicountry Exploratory Study
Authors: Muñoz-Sánchez Juan-Luis , Delgado Carmen , Sánchez-Prada Andrés , Parra-Vidales Esther , de Leo Diego , Franco-Martín Manuel
Published: January 2018

Background

This study provides an analysis on the use of emerging technologies for the prevention of suicide in 8 different European countries.

Objective

The objective of this study was to analyze the potentiality of using emerging technologies in the area of suicide prevention based on the opinion of different professionals involved in suicide prevention.

Methods

Opinions of 3 groups of stakeholders (ie, relevant professionals in suicide field) were gathered using a specifically designed questionnaire to explore dimensions underlying perceptions of facilitating factors and barriers in relation to the use of emerging technologies for suicide prevention.

Results

Goal 1 involved facilitating factors for the use of emerging technologies in suicide prevention. Northern European countries, except for Belgium, attach greater relevance to those that optimize implementation and benefits. On the other hand, Southern European countries attach greater importance to professionally oriented and user-centered facilitating factors. According to different stakeholders, the analysis of these facilitating factors suggest that professionals in the field of social work attach greater relevance to those that optimize implementation and benefits. However, professionals involved in the area of mental health, policy makers, and political decision makers give greater importance to professionally oriented and user-centered facilitating factors. Goal 2 was related to barriers to the usability of emerging technologies for suicide prevention. Both countries and stakeholders attach greater importance to barriers associated with resource constraints than to those centered on personal limitations. There are no differences between countries or between stakeholders. Nevertheless, there is a certain stakeholders-countries interaction that indicates that the opinions on resource constraints expressed by different stakeholders do not follow a uniform pattern in different countries, but they differ depending on the country.

Conclusions

Although all countries and stakeholders agree in identifying resource constraints as the main barrier to the use of emerging technologies, factors facilitating their use in suicide prevention differ among countries and among stakeholders.
The Judicial Power of the Australian Capital Territory
Authors: Mossop David
Published: January 2018

Whilst the nature and scope of Commonwealth judicial power has been much examined since federation, the nature of judicial power exercised in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) or, indeed, the Commonwealth's territories more generally, has not. Usually the analysis of territory judicial power extends only to the conclusion that it does not form part of the judicial power of the Commonwealth and that it is territorially limited as a result of the operation of s 122 of the Constitution. This article examines in more detail the nature of judicial power in the ACT and identifies some of the significant limits upon, and uncertainties surrounding, that power. It examines the history of courts in the ACT, the relationship between Territory judicial power and the judicial power of the Commonwealth, the jurisdiction of ACT courts and some of the important limits on that jurisdiction.
Privacy, Surveillance and Interception in Australia's Changing Telecommunications Environment
Authors: Magnusson R
Published: January 2018

Australia's telecommunications sector is in the process of remarkable change. Over the past decade, it has evolved from a market dominated by a government owned entity (Telecom) with a statutory monopoly, to a privatised and fully competitive market comprising “carriers”, “carriage service providers” and “content service providers”, each providing an ever-expanding range of services through a variety of delivery platforms. The aim of this paper is to review the rapidly evolving legal and administrative framework for the protection of privacy within Australia's telecommunications sector. The paper will survey the regulation of telecommunications interception by individuals and law enforcement bodies, disclosure of the contents of (tele)communications by telecommunications service providers, encryption policy, computer “hacking” offences, the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman scheme and the new “co-regulatory” approach to standards development through the Australian Communications Industry Forum (ACIF). The paper will also consider whether Australia's privacy regime is an adequate response to the challenges posed by the changing telecommunications environment.
The Political Economy of Corporate Law Reform in Australia
Authors: Whincop Michael J
Published: January 2018

The decision to centralise, or to decentralise, the responsibility for law-making in relation to a subject of shared legislative competence is a fundamental dilemma for the polities of a federation. The advantages and disadvantages of both are well known. Amongst other things, centralisation promotes national unity, it decreases regulatory “arbitrage”, it may reduce search and compliance costs, and it capitalises on economies of scale in administration and law-making. By contrast, decentralisation is more receptive to local conditions, and offers the advantages that derive from interjurisdictional competition.

Australian corporate law has seen its share of the debate. That debate has been undeniably directional-there has been, over the past forty years, considerable momentum towards centralisation. Each legislative step taken in that period has been one closer to centralised national laws and administration. The only real opposition came to the Commonwealth's attempt to arrogate legislative power to itself in the Corporations Act 1989 (Cth), which the High Court struck down as unconstitutional.
Kitto and the High Court of Australia
Authors: Kirby Michael
Published: January 2018

Judicial biographies in Australia are rare. Even famous judges, who have led interesting and varied lives, pass without a proper record of their decisions and intellectual and personal struggles. So it is with the Right Honourable Sir Frank Kitto AC KBE, Justice of the High Court of Australia from 1950 to 1970. He settled in the Armidale District after the conclusion of his service on the High Court. He served as the Chancellor of the University of New England from 1970 until 1981. With his wife Eleanor he devoted his time (apart from working a small grazing property), as he put it, to “a mass of reading that I had had to put aside through the years of my professional life”. He described this reading as ranging over subjects “from history and biography … and philosophy to fiction, both light and classical”. He even spoke of the enjoyment of selected programmes on television. One suspects that his viewing was probably connected with his duties in late years as foundation Chairman of the Australian Press Council rather than a quest for enlightenment—generally elusive on the small screen.
Section 117 of the Constitution: The Unfinished Rehabilitation
Authors: Mathieson Michael
Published: January 2018

I do not understand how, by whatever words that proposition is dressed up, it means anything else except that section 117 does not apply if the Court does not want it to.
Ngo Ngo Ha and the High Court V New South Wales: Historical Purpose in History and Law
Authors: McMonnies Rowan
Published: January 2018

The latest statement from the High Court on duties of excise poses an interesting question with regard to the fiscal relationship between Commonwealth and State governments. The absence of fiscal accountability in all levels of government in Australia serves to frustrate the objectives of the federal system. While the decision in Ngo Ngo Ha v New South Wales (Ha) brings some clarity to a confusing area, the High Court's adoption of a broad approach to s 90 of the Constitution has the effect of increasing the disparity between the revenue and expenditure of Commonwealth and State governments. In light of the economic and political implications of the decision, it must be asked whether the correct purpose has been attributed to the section.
Democracia y autonomía en organizaciones sociales de base femenina del sur de Sonora: el caso Cobanaras Federación
Authors: Alcántara Nieves Nehiby , Hernández Moreno María del Carmen
Published: January 2018

En este artículo se describen los vínculos que establece una organización de base social entre sus miembros y con los actores externos, por medio de una tipología que conceptualiza tales vínculos en clientelar-corporativo, neoliberal y democrático-participativo, cada uno relacionado con prácticas internas específicas de autonomía y democracia. La hipótesis del trabajo es que la tensión entre estos vínculos influye en la estructura y en los procesos de una organización social condicionando su continuidad y consolidación. Para probarla se efectuó un estudio cualitativo, fincado en la sistematización de la genealogía, la morfología y la dinámica de Cobanaras Federación, una organización de base femenina del sur de Sonora. Entre los resultados destaca que, como estrategia de sobrevivencia, las interacciones de dicha agrupación se concretan en una combinación tensa entre los tres tipos de vínculos en disputa, con mayor énfasis en los neoliberales, como presión externa, sobre los democrático-participativos, como expresión de resistencia interna.
Representaciones sociales acerca del narcotráfico en adolescentes de Tamaulipas
Authors: Almanza Avendaño Ariagor Manuel , Gómez San Luis Anel Hortensia , Guzmán González Diego Nahúm , Cruz Montes José Alfonso
Published: January 2018

El objetivo de este artículo es comprender las representaciones sociales construidas por un grupo de adolescentes del estado de Tamaulipas, acerca del narcotráfico. Se empleó un diseño de estudio de caso intrínseco, y se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas para aproximarse al proceso de construcción de su representación social. Para analizar el contenido temático se utilizó el programa MAXQDA 11. Los resultados muestran que los adolescentes consideran al narcotráfico como una actividad delictiva, que se ha diversificado para incluir otros delitos asociados con la violencia y el daño a los demás. Es un estudio exploratorio y, pese al número reducido de participantes, recupera las voces de los adolescentes inmersos en comunidades donde hay narcotráfico, sin que participen directamente en él, también da cuenta de que la incorporación de los jóvenes en el narcotráfico se limita cuando lo perciben como un delito, y elaboran su identidad en contraposición a él.
Widowed persons in Serbia: Change in number and general demographic characteristics (1980-2016)
Authors: Penev Goran , Stankovic Biljana
Published: January 2018

Widowed persons represent a vulnerable population group, especially because the loss of a spouse is usually a part of old people?s experience. In old age, people are typically faced with multiple constraints, related to health, financial resources, family and other social relationships. Changes that accompany the death of spouse and widowhood are generally long-term and largely negative for many widowed persons. With advanced population ageing, the share of the widowed in the total population is increasing, and this is also true for Serbia. With a crude widowhood rate of 11.7% in 2011, Serbia is at the very top of the list of European countries and has the highest widowhood rate of men (5.2%). However, widowhood primarily affects women, and 78% of the widowed in Serbia are widows. This paper analyses the widowhood in Serbia from 1980 to 2016. The main objective is to describe the trends and characteristics of widowed persons in this period. This article is primarily based on the analysis of previously unpublished census results and vital statistics data. In Serbia, in the period of 1981-2011, there was a continuous increase in the number of widowed persons and in 2011 it was 37.5% higher than 30 years before. Furthermore, the share of the widowed in the total population increased significantly (from 8.5% to 11.7%). Widowhood is considerably more present among women and the elderly. More than four fifths of the widowed are older than 60 years, and the values of all used demographic indicators of widowhood are three or four times higher in women. The authors mention the noticeable decrease in remarriage among widowed persons and a major decrease in the nuptiality rate of the widowed, especially among widowers. The observed educational structure of the widowed shows a higher percentage of persons with a lower educational level. Another significant finding was that the widowed represent half of the total number of people who live alone in one-person households. Among them, more than four fifths are 65 years old or older, and a full half are older than 75. The authors concluded that further quantitative and qualitative studies of demographic, but also social, psychological, health and other aspects of the widowed in Serbia are needed. Additionally, these results can represent the analytical basis for policy makers to identify needs and define different measures and actions directed towards the elderly, among which widowed persons, and especially widowers, are particularly vulnerable categories.
Leveling the Playing Field between Large and Small Institutions: Evidence from the SEC's XBRL Mandate
Authors: Bhattacharya Nilabhra , Cho Young Jun , Kim Jae B
Published: January 2018

We investigate how XBRL adoption affects smaller institutions' access to financial statement information relative to their larger counterparts. We examine three aspects of trading responsiveness: abnormal trading volume, response speed to 10-K information, and decision to trade immediately following the 10-K filing. With regard to all three aspects of trading responsiveness, we find that small institutions' responsiveness to 10-K news increases significantly more relative to the change experienced by large institutions from the pre- to post-XBRL periods. We further document that small institutions' stock picking skills in the 10-K filing period increase more compared to those of large institutions following the regulation. Our results are robust to a battery of falsification and sensitivity tests. Collectively, our results suggest that the informational playing field between small and large institutions has become more even following the SEC's XBRL mandate.

JEL Classifications: G11; G24; M48.
Predicting Accruals Based on Cash-Flow Properties
Authors: Frankel Richard M. , Sun Yan
Published: January 2018

Our goal is to understand the extent to which cash-flow properties explain accruals. Using the Dechow, Kothari, and Watts (1998) model, we derive a negative relation between accruals and cash-flow changes, and show that the strength of the relation is linked to negative serial correlation in cash-flow changes. Dechow et al. (1998) also suggest that the strength of the relation between accruals and revenue changes relates to operating cycle length. Prior accrual models have not incorporated these theoretical relations. We show that incorporating cash-flow changes, serial correlation in cash-flow changes, and operating cycle length increases explanatory power of all accrual models considered (i.e., Jones 1991; Ball and Shivakumar 2006; McNichols 2002; Jeter and Shivakumar 1999). We find that incorporating these variables in accrual models also improves specification and power, aids detection of earnings management in AAER firms, and produces a nondiscretionary accrual estimate that better predicts future cash flows and earnings. These results suggest the importance of considering the economic role of accruals when predicting accruals.
Custom Contrast Testing: Current Trends and a New Approach
Authors: Guggenmos Ryan D. , Piercey M. David , Agoglia Christopher P.
Published: January 2018

Contrast analysis has become prevalent in experimental accounting research since Buckless and Ravenscroft (1990) introduced it to the accounting literature over 25 years ago. Since its initial introduction, the scope of contrast testing has expanded, yet guidance as to the most appropriate methods of specifying, conducting, interpreting, and exhibiting these tests has not. We survey the use of contrast analysis in the recent literature and propose a three-part testing approach that provides a more comprehensive picture of contrast results. Our approach considers three pieces of complementary evidence: the visual evaluation of fit, traditional significance testing, and quantitative evaluation of the contrast variance residual. Our measure of the contrast variance residual, q2, is proposed for the first time in this work. After proposing our approach, we walk through six common contrast testing scenarios where current practices may fall short and our approach may guide researchers. We extend Buckless and Ravenscroft (1990) and contribute to the accounting research methods literature by documenting current contrast analysis practices that result in elevated Type I error and by proposing a potential solution to mitigate these concerns.
Is Silence Golden? Audit Team Leader Reactions to Subordinates Who Speak Up “In the Moment” and at Performance Appraisal
Authors: Nelson Mark W. , Proell Chad A.
Published: January 2018

This paper examines audit team leader reactions to auditors who speak up about potentially important audit issues. Study 1 is a survey of interacting audit teams and provides evidence of higher performance evaluations for auditors who speak up. Studies 2, 3, and 4 are experiments examining team leader reactions to speaking up, both at the time speaking up occurs (Study 2) and later, during performance evaluation (Studies 2, 3, and 4). Results provide evidence that team leaders react with irritation at the time speaking up occurs, particularly if a team member raises an audit effectiveness issue that could increase audit effort. However, team leaders reward speaking up in performance evaluations, particularly when team members speak up about issues that align with the effectiveness or efficiency focus of the team. While supervisors' performance evaluations exhibit outcome effects, supervisors also reward speaking up, regardless of outcome.

Data Availability: Contact the authors.
Accounting Quality under U.S. GAAP versus IFRS: The Case of Germany
Authors: Cussatt Marc , Huang Li , Pollard Troy J.
Published: January 2018

This study examines whether accounting quality changed for a diverse set of German firms that were required to switch accounting standards from U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (U.S. GAAP) to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) (MANDATORY sample). Additionally, we utilize a control sample of German firms that report using IFRS during the entire sample period (CONTROL sample). In both the MANDATORY and CONTROL samples, we find evidence of decreased conditional conservatism, increased value relevance of earnings, and smoother earnings surrounding the mandatory IFRS adoption period. Further, we find no evidence that these changes in accounting quality proxies are significantly different between the MANDATORY and CONTROL samples. While we do not draw causal inferences, results are consistent with the notion that other concurrent changes within Germany, such as economic shocks or the changes in the institutional environment (e.g., enforcement system) documented in Christensen, Hail, and Leuz (2013), are driving the observed changes in accounting quality, rather than the transition from U.S. GAAP to IFRS.
Maxillary expansion in an animal model with light, continuous force
Authors: Utreja Achint , Bain Carol , Turek Brett , Holland Robert , AlRasheed Rawan , Sorkhdini Parand , Roberts W. Eugene
Published: January 2018

Objectives:

Maxillary constriction is routinely addressed with rapid maxillary expansion (RME). However, the heavy forces delivered by most RME appliances to expand the palate may lead to deleterious effects on the teeth and supporting tissues. The objective of this study was to explore a more physiologic maxillary expansion with light continuous force.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty 6-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into experimental (EXPT) and control (CTRL) groups. A custom-fabricated archwire expansion appliance made from 0.014-inch copper-nickel-titanium wire was activated 5 mm and bonded to the maxillary molar segments of animals in the EXPT group for 21 days. The force applied to each maxillary segment was 5 cN. Microfocus x-ray computed tomography and histological analyses were used to compare the tooth movement and bone morphology in the midpalatal suture and buccal aspect of the alveolar process between the EXPT and CTRL groups. Descriptive statistics (mean ± standard error of the mean) and nonparametric statistical tests were used to compare the outcomes across groups.

Results:

Compared to the CTRL group, there was a statistically significant increase in buccal tooth movement and expansion of the midpalatal suture in the EXPT group. There was no difference in the bone morphologic parameters between groups. The mineral apposition rate was increased on the buccal surface of the alveolar process in the EXPT group.

Conclusions:

Application of light, continuous force resulted in maxillary osseous expansion due to bilateral sutural apposition and buccal drift of the alveolar processes. This animal experiment provides a more physiologic basis for maxillary expansion.
Biological activity comparative evaluation of the gene-activated bone substitutes made of octacalcium phosphate and plasmid DNA carrying VEGF and SDF genes: part 2 - in vivo
Authors: Bozo I. Y , Rozhkov S. I , Komlev V. S , Volozhin G. A , Eremin I. I , Smirnov I. V , Savva O. V , Isaev A. A , Popov V. K , Drobyshev A. Y , Deev R. V
Published: January 2018

Bone substitutes with osteoinductive and (or) osteogenic capacities are highly needed in clinical practice for treatment of patients with skeletal bone pathology. Gene-activated bone substitutes consisting of a scaffold and gene constructs belong to such materials. In this study, we made two proto-types of gene-activated bone substitutes based on octacalcium phosphate (OCP) granules and two variants of plasmid DNA - the system delivering single gene encoding vascular endothelial growth factor A-165 (VEGFA-165, pl-VEGFA) and the other plasmid carrying simultaneously VEGFA and gene of stromal-derived factor 1a (pl-VEGFA-SDF). All the materials were implanted to rabbits into the full-thickness parietal bone defects with diameter 10 mm, OCP without plasmid DNA we used as a control. Both gene-activated materials showed pronounced osteoinduction providing new bone formation in the central part of the defects and complete parietal bone repair by 90 days after surgery. In addition, we found newly formed bone level to be higher in pl-VEGFA-SDF group comparing with pl-VEGFA (p
Modification of biodegradable fibrous scaffolds with Epidermal Growth Factor by emulsion electrospinning for promotion of epithelial cells proliferation
Authors: Tenchurin T. H , Lyundup A. V , Demchenko A. G , Krasheninnikov M. E , Balyasin M. V , Klabukov I. D , Shepelev A. D , Mamagulashvili V. G , Orehov A. S , Chvalun S. N , Dyuzheva T. G
Published: January 2018

Supporting of a physiologically relevant cellular micro-environment is currently a grand challenge in the design of tissue-engineering grafts based on biocompatible and biodegradable polymeric materials. The aim of this research was to develop a new technique of a fibrous polycaprolactone-based scaffold modification with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and assessment of its effect on scaffold properties and proliferative activity of epithelial cells in vitro. Fibrous scaffolds from EGF-functionalized polycaprolactone has received by the emulsion electrospinning method. Prolonged yield of EGF upon the material destruction and its biological effect on the MCF7 cell line proliferation have been estimated using ELISA and iCEL-Ligence real-time cell analysis for respectively.
Fronteira, Música e Identidade Cultural
Authors: Borba Caetano João Evanio
Published: January 2018

Pesquisas recentes apontam para a importância da cultura frente ao processo desenvolvimento. Em um mundo globalizado e dinâmico, as relações culturais passaram a desempenhar um papel determinante dentro das relações sociais e econômicas, sobretudo com o surgimento da indústria cultural de massa, que passou a influenciar (moldar) diretamente boa parte da sociedade global. Por outro lado, os estudos em âmbito local e regional demonstram que a valorização e o fortalecimento das identidades culturais locais são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento econômico e humano-social. A música, neste sentido, se caracteriza como uma expressão artística que possui grande capacidade de fortalecer essas identidades, desde que apresente elementos relacionados ao contexto cultural local. Sendo assim, o objetivo do artigo é identificar se a atual produção musical autoral da região fronteiriça entre as cidades de Ponta Porã (Brasil) e Pedro Juan Caballero (Paraguai) apresenta elementos simbólicos que reforçam a identidade cultural local. Para tanto, inicialmente discute-se a “dimensão cultural do desenvolvimento” a partir da obra de Celso Furtado. Em seguida a análise é direcionada para o papel que a música tem no fortalecimento e/ou criação de uma identidade cultural, destacando-se como ela foi importante no fortalecimento da identidade brasileira e sul mato-grossense. Por fim, apresentam-se os resultados da investigação sobre a atual produção musical na região fronteiriça estudada.
BIOgeografias na Fronteira Sul (Brasil/Paraguai/Bolívia)
Authors: Bessa-Oliveira Marcos Antônio
Published: January 2018

A produção artística de Mato Grosso do Sul esteve nos últimos anos vinculada a duas noções de arte e cultura bovinas: uma, a bovinocultura como repertório cultural das produções artísticas; outra, o bovinoculturismo como modelo para as produções artísticas. Ambas “culturas bovinas” – bovinocultura e bovinoculturismo – esboçam opções de discussões acerca das questões às quais estão envoltas. Uma delas, à bovinocultura, é que esta noção está relacionada com trabalhos artísticos que se valem do boi como característica cultural intrínseca às biogeografias fronteiriças dos sul-mato-grossenses. Já o bovinoculturismo, podemos dizer que uma de suas noções na cultura está posta por uma sistematização de controle dos sujeitos dessas biogeografias das produções artísticas locais nessa mesma fronteira sul. A primeira toma da “imagem” do boi como paisagem biográfica constituinte da cultura local, enquanto a segunda se vale do boi real a partir das relações mercadológicas instauradas pelo/do agronegócio em que o boi vale mais que uma vida (in)(h)umana. Portanto, tomando dessas primeiras ideias, este trabalho quer discutir acerca da “cultura do boi” como repositório cultural e como controle da cultura local sul-mato-grossense nessa tríplice fronteira (Brasil/Paraguai/Bolívia) a partir das noções de biogeografia e paisagens biográficas como epistemes para uma arte descolonial. Nesse sentido, a ideia é discutir trabalhos artísticos e as biogeografias dessa fronteira sul, nas diferentes linguagens com suas identidades, que estão produzindo arte e conhecimento e circulando entre os espaços, tomando como ilustração a “imagem” – simbólica ou real – do boi, para produção ou inscrição.
Xirú: barro, comunidade e identidade em uma narrativa fronteiriça
Authors: Cota Débora
Published: January 2018

O texto realiza uma análise da obra fronteiriça Xirú (2012), do escritor paraguaio Damián Cabrera. Esta põe em questão a denominação coletiva xiru, termo que apesar de significar, na sua origem guarani, amigo, companheiro é utilizado pelos brasileiros para se referir de maneira pejorativa aos paraguaios. Há vários choques entre os sentidos relativos a termos identitários, especialmente, ao termo xiru, assim como verifica-se uma complexidade referente a outros elementos nacionais como o território e a língua, no interior da obra. A partir destes aspectos e considerando o barro e a forma fragmentária como elementos produtivos, verifica-se neste livro fronteiriço o registro de uma comunidade alternativa à comunidade nacional.
Hannah Arendt
Authors: Wolin Sheldon S.
Published: January 2018

This chapter explores the origins of the antidemocratic strain in Hannah Arendt's thought, tracing it from its beginnings in her classic study of totalitarianism to its apogee in her next major work, The Human Condition. It then shows that in her later writings a change is evident. It appeared first in the last chapter of On Revolution (1963) and more strikingly in the collection of essays, Crises of the Republic (1969). While on the way to what can fairly be described as a leftward position, she modified some of her most characteristic categories. Within limits, and in her own way, she was in the course of reflecting upon the political events of the 1960s, radicalized.
Everyday Sectarianism in Urban Lebanon
Authors: Nucho Joanne Randa
Published: January 2018

What causes violent conflicts around the Middle East? All too often, the answer is sectarianism—popularly viewed as a timeless and intractable force that leads religious groups to conflict. This book shows how wrong this perspective can be. Through in-depth research with local governments, NGOs, and political parties in Beirut, the book demonstrates how sectarianism is actually recalibrated on a daily basis through the provision of essential services and infrastructures, such as electricity, medical care, credit, and the planning of bridges and roads. In a working-class, predominantly Armenian suburb in northeast Beirut called Bourj Hammoud, the author conducted extensive interviews and observations in medical clinics, social service centers, shops, banking coops, and municipal offices, and explores how group and individual access to services depends on making claims to membership in the dominant sectarian community. The author examines how sectarianism is not just tied to ethnoreligious identity, but also class, gender, and geography. Life in Bourj Hammoud makes visible a broader pattern in which the relationships that develop while procuring basic needs become a way for people to see themselves as part of the greater public. Illustrating how sectarianism in Lebanon is not simply about religious identity, as is commonly thought, this book offers a new look at how everyday social exchanges define and redefine communities and conflicts.
Becoming Black Political Subjects
Authors: Paschel Tianna S.
Published: January 2018

After decades of denying racism and underplaying cultural diversity, Latin American states began adopting transformative ethno-racial legislation in the late 1980s. In addition to symbolic recognition of indigenous peoples and black populations, governments in the region created a more pluralistic model of citizenship and made significant reforms in the areas of land, health, education, and development policy. This book explores this shift from color blindness to ethno-racial legislation in two of the most important cases in the region: Colombia and Brazil. Drawing on archival and ethnographic research, the book shows how, over a short period, black movements and their claims went from being marginalized to become institutionalized into the law, state bureaucracies, and mainstream politics. The strategic actions of a small group of black activists—working in the context of domestic unrest and the international community's growing interest in ethno-racial issues—successfully brought about change. The book also examines the consequences of these reforms, including the institutionalization of certain ideas of blackness, the reconfiguration of black movement organizations, and the unmaking of black rights in the face of reactionary movements. This book offers important insights into the changing landscape of race and Latin American politics and provokes readers to adopt a more transnational and flexible understanding of social movements.
Democracy's Infrastructure
Authors: von Schnitzler Antina
Published: January 2018

In the past decade, South Africa's “miracle transition” has been interrupted by waves of protests in relation to basic services such as water and electricity. Less visibly, the postapartheid period has witnessed widespread illicit acts involving infrastructure, including the non-payment of service charges, the bypassing of metering devices, and illegal connections to services. This book shows how such administrative links to the state became a central political terrain during the antiapartheid struggle and how this terrain persists in the postapartheid present. Focusing on conflicts surrounding prepaid water meters, the book examines the techno-political forms through which democracy takes shape. It explores a controversial project to install prepaid water meters in Soweto—one of many efforts to curb the non-payment of service charges that began during the antiapartheid struggle—and traces how infrastructure, payment, and technical procedures become sites where citizenship is mediated and contested. The book follows engineers, utility officials, and local bureaucrats as they consider ways to prompt Sowetans to pay for water, and shows how local residents and activists wrestle with the constraints imposed by meters. This investigation of democracy from the perspective of infrastructure reframes the conventional story of South Africa's transition, foregrounding the less visible remainders of apartheid and challenging readers to think in more material terms about citizenship and activism in the postcolonial world. The book examines how seemingly mundane technological domains become charged territory for struggles over South Africa's political transformation.
The Management of Hate
Authors: Shoshan Nitzan
Published: January 2018

Since German reunification in 1990, there has been widespread concern about marginalized young people who, faced with bleak prospects for their future, have embraced increasingly violent forms of racist nationalism that glorify the country's Nazi past. This book reveals how young right-wing extremists in East Berlin contest contemporary notions of national identity and defy the clichés that others use to represent them. The book situates them within the governance of affect, a broad body of discourses and practices aimed at orchestrating their attitudes toward cultural difference—from legal codes and penal norms to rehabilitative techniques and pedagogical strategies. Governance has conventionally been viewed as rational administration, while emotions have ordinarily been conceived of as individual states. The book questions both assumptions. It offers a fresh view of governance as pregnant with affect and of hate as publicly mediated and politically administered. It argues that the state's policies push these youths into a right-extremist corner instead of integrating them in ways that could curb their nationalist racism. The point is certain to resonate across European and non-European contexts where, amid robust xenophobic nationalisms, hate becomes precisely the object of public dispute. The book provides a rare and disturbing look inside Germany's right-wing extremist world, and shines critical light on a German nationhood haunted by its own historical contradictions.
Aftershocks
Authors: Gunitsky Seva
Published: January 2018

Over the past century, democracy spread around the world in turbulent bursts of change, sweeping across national borders in dramatic cascades of revolution and reform. This book offers a new global-oriented explanation for this wavelike spread and retreat—not only of democracy but also of its twentieth-century rivals, fascism, and communism. The book argues that waves of regime change are driven by the aftermath of cataclysmic disruptions to the international system. These hegemonic shocks, marked by the sudden rise and fall of great powers, have been essential and often-neglected drivers of domestic transformations. Though rare and fleeting, they not only repeatedly alter the global hierarchy of powerful states but also create unique and powerful opportunities for sweeping national reforms—by triggering military impositions, swiftly changing the incentives of domestic actors, or transforming the basis of political legitimacy itself. As a result, the evolution of modern regimes cannot be fully understood without examining the consequences of clashes between great powers, which repeatedly—and often unsuccessfully—sought to cajole, inspire, and intimidate other states into joining their camps.
The China Model
Authors: Bell Daniel A. , Bell Daniel A.
Published: January 2018

Westerners tend to divide the political world into “good” democracies and “bad” authoritarian regimes, but the Chinese political model does not fit neatly in either category. Over the past three decades, China has evolved a political system that can best be described as “political meritocracy.” This book seeks to understand the ideals and the reality of this unique political system. How do the ideals of political meritocracy set the standard for evaluating political progress (and regress) in China? How can China avoid the disadvantages of political meritocracy? And how can political meritocracy best be combined with democracy? This book answers these questions and more. Opening with a critique of “one person, one vote” as a way of choosing top leaders, it argues that Chinese-style political meritocracy can help to remedy the key flaws of electoral democracy. It discusses the advantages and pitfalls of political meritocracy, distinguishes between different ways of combining meritocracy and democracy, and argues that China has evolved a model of democratic meritocracy that is morally desirable and politically stable. It also summarizes and evaluates the “China model”—meritocracy at the top, experimentation in the middle, and democracy at the bottom—and its implications for the rest of the world. The book looks at a political system that not only has had a long history in China, but could prove to be the most important political development of the twenty-first century.
Potensi Sitotoksik Ekstrak Air Daun Sirih Hitam (Piper sp.)
Authors: Dewi Nadia Rahma Kusuma , Kuncoro Hadi , Rijai Laode
Published: January 2018

Penelitian potensi sitotoksik ekstrak air daun sirih hitam (Piper sp.) dilakukan berdasarkan hasil penelitian kandungan metabolit sekunder dan bioaktivitas terhadap Artemia salina Leach ekstrak daun sirih hitam (Piper sp.). Uji bioaktivitas dilakukan dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) terhadap Artemia salina Leach. Ekstrak daun sirih hitam telah diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut air dengan metode panas (rebusan). Hasil pengujian potensi sitotoksik ekstrak air daun sirih hitam menunjukkan nilai LC50 pada ekstrak daun sirih hitam muda 69,18 ppm dan ekstrak daun sirih hitam tua 5,13 ppm.
Efek Ekstrak Tanduk Rusa Sambar (Cervus unicolor) Terhadap Kadar Ureum Dan Kreatinin Tikus Putih (Rattus novergicus)
Authors: Defriana Defriana , Fridayanti Aditya , Rijai Laode
Published: January 2018

Telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menguji keamanan penggunaan ekstrak tanduk rusa sambar (Cervus unicolor) ditinjau dari dosis dan lama pemberian dengan mengukur kadar ureum dan kreatinin dalam darah tikus putih (Rattusnovergicus). Tikus sebanyak 9 ekor dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok yaitu kelompok 1 sebagai kontrol, kelompok 2 perlakuan dosis I dan kelompok 3 perlakuan dosis II. Kelompok kontrol diberi pakan standar dan air suling, Kelompok 2 diberi pakan standar dan dosis sebanyak 1,55 mg/200 g BB. Kelompok 3 diberi pakan standar, dan dosis sebanyak 31 mg/200 g BB. Perlakuan ini dilakukan selama 21 hari. Darah tikus diambil pada hari ke 0, 7, 14 dan 21 untuk dilakukan pengukuran kadar ureum dan kreatinin. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah pemberian ekstrak tanduk rusa sambar tidak berpengaruh terhadap kadar ureum dan kreatinin dalam darah tikus putih sehingga aman untuk digunakan.
Estudo de implantação de uma agroindústria de Filé de Tilápia defumado em Campo Grande-MS
Authors: Silva Rudieli Machado da , Ribeiro Nathalia Pereira , Casimiro Leonardo Alves de Oliveira
Published: January 2018

O estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, pioneiro na produção de peixes nativos, como o pacu e o pintado, tem mercado e demanda para pescados de água doce. Apesar da produção da tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) ser uma atividade relativamente nova no país, ela é considerada uma atividade com potencial no estado, principalmente quando vendida de forma processada, como filés defumados, aumentando o valor agregado do produto. O presente trabalho tem por finalidade avaliar o desenvolvimento local a partir da instalação de uma agroindústria de peixes defumados em Campo Grande-MS. Características do ambiente de trabalho, bem como fluxograma e o layout de produção devem seguir regulamentação da ANVISA. Por meio de pesquisas de preço, foram levantados os custos para aquisição de equipamentos e produtos, além dos custos fixos e variáveis mensais necessários para o funcionamento da empresa. Os resultados mostraram que o empreendedor pode obter lucro líquido mensal de R$ 12.627,85, o que é um atrativo à novos empresários e que pode também estimular o desenvolvimento desse novo ramo agroindustrial.
Viabilidade econômica do consórcio entre genótipos de milho com feijão comum na região da Zona da Mata alagoana
Authors: Carvalho Islan Diego Espíndula de , Ferreira Paulo Vanderlei , Silva Jackson Da , Santos Douglas Ferreira dos , Silva Moisés Tiodoso da
Published: January 2018

A avaliação dos custos de produção como variável determinante para a eficiência na atividade agrícola é de relevante importância para a tomada de decisão por parte do produtor, com vistas à escolha da melhor cultura e variedade a serem produzidas, para obtenção de uma equalização entre produtividade e custos. Objetivou-se avaliar a viabilidade econômica do consórcio entre genótipos de milho com feijão comum na região da Zona da Mata alagoana. O experimento foi conduzido na safra de 2014, no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em que os tratamentos foram quatro genótipos de milho (Alagoano, Viçosense, Nordestino e Cruzeta) em dois sistemas de plantio (consórcio e monocultivo), no esquema fatorial (4 x 2), em três repetições. As variáveis avaliadas foram a produção equivalente de milho verde (PEMV), produção equivalente de milho seco (PEMS), receita bruta (RB), receita líquida (RL) e taxa de retorno (TR). As variáveis foram comparadas por meio das médias e desvio padrão. O consórcio apresenta maior retorno financeiro, seja na finalidade de produzir espigas verdes ou milho em grãos, apresentando-se como alternativa de maior viabilidade econômica e segurança financeira para os produtores.
Directed Nickel-Catalyzed 1,2-Dialkylation of Alkenes
Authors: Derosa Joseph , van der Puyl Vincent A. , Tran Van T. , Liu Mingyu , Engle Keary
Published: January 2018

A nickel-catalyzed conjunctive cross-coupling of non-conjugated alkenes, alkyl halides, and alkylzinc reagents is reported. Regioselectivity is controlled by chelation of a removable bidentate 8-aminoquinoline directing group. Under optimized conditions, a wide range of 1,2-dialkylated products can be accessed in moderate to excellent yields. To the best of our knowledge, this report represents the first example of three-component 1,2-dialkylation of non-conjugated alkenes to introduce differentiated alkyl fragments.