bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SEJARAH QIRA'AT IMAM ‘ASHIM DI NUSANTARA
Authors: Fathul Amin
Published: February 2021

Artikel ini  membahas  tentang Sejarah Qira’at di Nusantara. Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejarah qiro’at yang digunakan di Nusantara. Jenis  penelitian  ini  adalah penelitian kualitatif. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah library research dan studi observasi. Analisa data dengan cara induktif dan mengacu pada temuan di lapangan. Teori yang dipakai untuk menyelesaikan rumusan masalah adalah teori sanad Qira’at itu sendiri, yaitu masuknya madzhab qira’at Ashim Riwayat Hafsh di Nusantara. Hasil dari  penelitian adalah Perkembangan madzhab qira’at ‘Ashim riwayat Hafsh secara definitif di bumi Nusantara baru dimulai pada abad ke-20. Bacaan al-Qur’an penduduk Nusantara sejak masa awal datangnya Islam bisa di pastikan berafiliasi pada madzhab qira’at ‘Ashim riwayat Hafsh. Hal ini bisa dibuktikan melalui beberapa kesamaan qawa’id ushuliyyah  maupun farsy al-huruf qira’at al-Qur’an penduduk Nusantara dengan teori-teori qira’at yang terdapat dalam madzhab qira’at ‘Ashim riwayat Hafsh.
CONTENT OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION FOUND IN AL-QUR’AN SURAH AR-RAHMAN
Authors: Ali Fauzi
Published: February 2021

In Al-Qur’an surah Ar-Rahman we find the content of Islamic education which consists of the education of Faith (Akidah), Morality (Akhlak), Islamic Law (Fikih) and Islamic History (Tarikh). However, many moslems just read it, do not know it and do not try to analyze it. Therefore, the researcher chooses the title “Content of Islamic Education Found in Al-Qur’an Surah Ar-Rahman,” and formulates the problem, how is the content of Islamic Education Found in Al-Qur’an surah Ar-Rahman?. The objective of the research is to describe the content of Islamic education found in Al-Qur’an Surah Ar-Rahman. It is hoped that this research will be useful for all.

The approach of the research is phenomenological approach and the instrument of analysis is hermeneutics to interpret the facts, cause and effect based on the available phenomena. The research is qualitative research in form of content analysis and the method of research is descriptive-text-analysis. The data is taken from the words, phrases, sentences and verses found in the Holy book Al-Qur’an surah Ar-Rahman. The procedure of research is preparation, data collection, and finalization. The researcher then analyzes the data by the way of reducing data, presenting data and concluding data. He also validates them in order that the data he collects are really valid.

The researcher then describes his finding data about the content of Islamic education in the Holy Al-Qur’an surah Ar-Rahman, consisting of the content of Faith (akidah), Morality (akhlak), Islamic Law (Fiqih) and Islamic History (tarikh). The discussion of Islamic education is done deeply and seen from many perspectives. The researcher concludes that in Al-Qur’an surah Ar-Rahman he finds Islamic education mentioned above. He, in this case, suggests the readers in order to read Al-Qur’an and to learn the content more and to try to analyze with the hope that they will get more understanding about it.
PENGARUH PENGUASAAN KOSA KATA TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENULIS BAHASA ARAB SISWA KELAS VIII MTS ASSALAM BANGILAN TUBAN TAHUN PELAJARAN 2019/2020
Authors: Ana Achoita  , Juwini Sri Susanti
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendiskripsikan pengaruh penguasaan kosa kata terhadap kemampuan menulis bahasa Arab siswa kelas VIII MTs Assalam Bangilan Tuban. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif, sedangkan jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian percobaan (eksperimental research). Pada penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan pre-test dan post-test control grup disign (two grup disign) untuk mengetahui pengaruh penguasaan kosa kata terhadap kemampuan menulis bahasa Arab. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan rata-rata penguasaan kosa kata  kelas eksperimen sebesar 65 yang artinya siswa cukup menguasai dengan baik kosa kata yang diberikan. Adapun rata-rata penguasaan kosa katalas kontrol sebesar 79 yang artinya kelas kontrol mengusai kosa kata dengan baik. Sedangkan rata-rata kemampuan menulis bahasa Arab kelas eksperimen sebesar 71 yang artinya siswa cukup mampu dalam menulis bahasa Arab dan rata-rata kemampuan menulis bahasa Arab kelas kontrol sebesar 76 yang artinya kelas kontrol mampu menulis bahasa Arab dengan baik. Hasil dari uji T pre and post test control grup design, diperoleh t hitung sebesar 2,313. Kemudian dibandingkan dengan t tabel sebesar 2,006 pada taraf signifkasi 5%. Hasil perbandingan tersebut menunjukkan t hitung (2,313) > t tabel (2,006), hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh antara penguasaan kosa kata  terhadap keterampilan menulis bahasa Arab kelas VIII MTs Assalam Bangilan Tuban.
TRANSFORMASI NILAI PENDIDIKAN KEBERAGAMAAN PADA GENERASI MILENIAL
Authors: Jamal Ghofir
Published: February 2021

Keragaman dalam keberagamaan adalah bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dalam konteks berbangsa dan bernegara. Keragaman yang hadir di sisi kehidupan sosial penting untuk dijaga. Terutama dalam hal memahami keragaman dalam generasi milenial. Generasi muda ini akan menjadi ujung tombak estafet kepemimpinan dalam mengawal peradaban di Nusantara ini. Oleh karena itu transformasi nilai pendidikan agama pada generasi melenial adalah suatu keharusan. Mahasiswa, Pelajar, Santri merupakan bagian dari komunitas kaum muda tersebut yang merupakan kelompok strategis perubah peradaban serta potensial sebagai pengemban misi profetis di masa yang akan datang, perlu kita perhatikan dengan seksama. Mereka jumlahnya sedikit akan tetapi sejarah telah mencatat bahwa perubahan yang ada di negeri ini dan dunia, berawal dari keberanian diri mereka untuk menghadapi tantangan dan kecerdasan intelektual mereka yang mendorong terwujudnya konsolidasi gerakan di manapun berada. Sebenarnya dalam perspektif dimensi agama, semua ajaran agama mengandung klaim kebenaran yang bersifat universal. Namun pada realitanya hal ini memungkinkan terjadi ambiguitas dalam interpretasi menurut tingkat pemahaman, penghayatan, dan moralitas-spiritualitas penganutnya, sehingga memunculkan potensi konflik antar umat beragama.
MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA DALAM KELUARGA
Authors: Mira Shodiqoh  , Fashi Hatul Lisanyah
Published: February 2021

Keluarga adalah tempat pertama dalam membentuk kepribadian manusia dan tempat di mana ia mendapatkan kasih sayang, menumbuhkan perasaan, dan mengetahui cita-cita. Orang tua adalah anggota keluarga paling awal dan pertama yang terlibat dalam pembentukan kepribadian. Orang tua (bapak dan ibu) memegang peranan penting dan sangat berpengaruh terhadap pendidikan anak-anaknya, karena sejak lahir kedua orang tua adalah orang yang mendampingi mereka. Ibu adalah sosok pertama yang dikenal dan ditiru oleh temperamen anaknya. Oleh karena itu dalam ajaran Islam tanggung jawab mendidik anak sebenarnya dimulai ketika seseorang memilih pasangan hidup (istri). Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1. Bagaimana pengelolaan pendidikan agama dalam keluarga, 2. Bagaimana pengelolaan pendidikan agama pada anak, 3. Bagaimana pengelolaan pendidikan agama pada remaja, dan 4. Bagaimana pengelolaannya. pendidikan agama pada orang tua. Pengelolaan pendidikan agama pada anak merupakan langkah awal yang baik untuk menanamkan nilai-nilai agama agar anak yang tumbuh dengan prinsip akhlak yang baik, aqidah, beribadah dan mendidik anak sejak dini akan menghasilkan output yang maksimal. Pengelolaan pendidikan remaja membutuhkan pengawasan dari orang tua yang begitu serius dengan menanamkan kegiatan seperti klub remaja, majelis Islam, kegiatan aktif di masjid, atau kegiatan bernuansa islami terhadap remaja sebagai salah satu bentuk pembentukan karakter. Hal ini untuk menghindari perilaku negatif terhadap remaja. Manajemen pendidikan pada orang tua didasarkan pada berbagai pendekatan. Ini dapat dilakukan untuk siapa saja seperti pendekatan yang rasional, persuasif, masuk akal, dan spiritual
KOMUNIKASI ORGANISASI SEBAGAI MOBILITAS SOSIAL
Authors: Ninik Hidayati
Published: February 2021

Communication within an organization is a common practice for managing relationships between individuals and groups. In an organization is determined by the person's position on the structure and Hierarchy within the organization. Today the organization assigns roles to each member so that the roles are then operationalized into tasks and functions. The process of cooperation in implementing change or acceleration of change within the organization is called "Organizational Communication". Aspects to be known from the group communication is who and how the role of messenger in the group, what messages are exchanged in groups, patterns of interaction that occurs in groups, cohesiveness among members in groups, and what norms should be used in group.
Pola Pendidikan Keluarga dalam Membendung Gaya Hidup Hedonis di Lingkungan Perindustrian
Authors: Isnawati Nur Afifah Latief  , Nurlaili Dina Hafni
Published: February 2021

Kecamatan Jenu merupakan salah satu kawasan industri yang terdapat di Kabupaten Tuban. Di daerah ini terdapat tiga industri besar, yaitu PT TPPI di desa Tasik Harjo, PT PJB PLTU di tanjung Awar-awar dan kilang minyak pertamina di desa Mentoso. Dengan adanya ketiga industri ini pada area yang berdekatan menyebabkan perekonomian ketiga desa tersebut juga meningkat. Seiring dengan meningkatnya perekonomian tersebut, maka mereka juga terpengaruh  dengan gaya hidup hedonis yang banyak diikuti oleh masyarakat. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan pembelian barang mewah yang meliputi kendaraan bermotor, fashion dan makanan. Di desa Mentoso gaya hidup hedonis tidak terlalu terlihat dibandingkan di desa-desa sekitarnya seperti Tasik Harjo, Tanjung Awar-awar dan Remen yang sangat terpengaruh oleh gaya hidup hedonis. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari pendidikan remaja di desa Mentoso, yakni para remaja mulai umur 12-18 yang lebih memilih belajar di pesantren. Berbeda dengan remaja di desa lainnya yang lebih bangga untuk bersekolah di kota. Dengan banyaknya remaja yang bersekolah di pesantren juga mempengaruhi gaya hidup dan fashion mereka. Mereka tidak terlalu mengunggulkan penampilannya. Pengetahuan dan pemahaman yang telah ditempuh di lembaga formal maupun informal mengakibatkan karakter baik, sopan, peduli dengan lingkungan, religius, dan sederhana. Tidak hanya akibat dari pendidikan, pola asuh yang dilakukan, orang tua juga berperan dalam hal ini. Para orang tua di Desa Mentoso menerapkan aturan yang jelas dengan mengharap sikap yang dewasa dari anak. Hal ini terlihat pada pemahaman akan konsekuensi dari perbuatan yang telah dilakukan. Para orang tua memberikan pemahaman dari contoh yang terjadi pada kesehariannya. Ketika mereka bekerja dengan tekun, maka hasil yang didapat juga akan berlimpah. Begitupun sebalikya. Ketika mereka dekat dengan Tuhan, melaksanakan apa yang diharuskan dalam agama dan menghindari apa yang dilarang dalam aturan agama, maka ketenangan yang didapat adalah ketenangan dan kenyamanan. Begitupun sebaliknya.
SOCIAL CONFLICTS FOUND IN CHARLES DICKENS’ GREAT EXPECTATIONS
Authors: Ali Fauzi
Published: February 2021

Literature is the expression of life in the works of beauty, truth, and cannot be separated from feeling, thought, or any activities as part of life. By literature, one can express his knowledge and get entertainment because literature is also defined as simply another way one can experience the world around him through his imagination. Meanwhile, novel as a genre of literature, is a reflection of reality the author writes based on his view. The novelist expresses ideas, or values which the readers can accept. In this research report, the researcher analyzes the novel “Great Expectations” to know better about the conflict happening in it mainly social conflict. It is about sad love and wonderful story of a boy named Pip whose parents died and who was brought up by his elder sister, Mrs. Joe Gargery. He loves a girl named Estella who always disdains him because he is a common and coarse boy. For this, he is eager to be a gentleman and wants to get her love. He has fortune because an escaped convict whom he helped when he was a child by giving some food and a file. The escaped convict whom later known as Provis pays Pip’s study in London and becomes a gentleman. That is why, he chooses the title “The Analysis of Social Conflicts in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations”.

          This research is aimed at finding social conflicts undergone by Pip, Miss. Havisham, Provis and Orlick. Therefore, he formulates statement of the problems 1) What are social conflict undergone by Pip? 2) What are social conflict undergone by Miss. Havisham?, 3) What are Social conflict undergone by Provis? And 4) What are social conflict undergone by Orlick?.  The Objectives of this research are: 1) to describe the social conflict undergone by Pip, 2) to describe the social conflict undergone by Miss. Havisham, 3) to describe the social conflict undergone by Provis and  4) to describe the social conflict undergone by Orlick.

          The researcher in discussing this problems uses many quotations taken from the Novel Great Expectations, and many references. They are taken in chapter II in form of Review of Related Literature. It looks that this research is Qualitative research by using descriptive text analysis. He uses Phenomenological approach as the basis of discussion. The object is the social conflict undergone by four main characters and the subject is the novel Great Expectations. After being analyzed, he finds that Pip undergoes social conflict with Estella, Mrs. Joe Gargery, Herbert, Orlick, Bentle Drummle and Miss. Havisham. Miss. Havisham experiences social conflict with Estella, Campeyson, and her relatives. Provis has social conflict with Compeyson,  Orlick has social conflict with Mrs. Joe and Biddy. In fact, if it is examined closely, the conflicts happen around the problems of love either love relationship between Pip and Estella, Estella and Drummle, Compeyson and Miss. Havisham and Orlick with Biddy.
أثر البيئة في تعلم اللغة
Authors: Ana Achoita
Published: February 2021

Language is a means of communicating a person with others. In language learning, especially arabic the environment has a great influence where language skills for the first time through hearing. Environment is one of the influential external factors in language development. Because the environment is a condition where one can practice language activity, for example conversation, speech, race, and language game.
Radiografía de las ayudas a los medios de comunicación en las comunidades autónomas españolas en 2019
Authors: Aguado-Guadalupe Guadalupe , Blasco Gil José Joaquín
Published: February 2021

En el presente artículo se aborda la situación de las subvenciones a los medios de comunicación en España en 2019, con la finalidad de aportar una radiografía de la situación. Las ayudas públicas a los medios de comunicación son un fenómeno extendido por Europa entre los años sesenta y setenta del siglo XX. En España se regularon en los años ochenta, pero poco después el Estado prácticamente las abandonó y fueron las comunidades autónomas quienes las impulsaron. En pleno debate profesional sobre la posibilidad de retomar estas ayudas desde el Gobierno español por la crisis del coronavirus, se han identificado nueve comunidades autónomas que promueven este tipo de subsidios. A modo prospectivo y propositivo, el análisis profundiza en las instituciones que conceden las ayudas, los sectores beneficiarios de las mismas, su finalidad y justificación y el margen de discrecionalidad con el que se conceden.
¿CUAL ES EL FUTURO DE LOS MEDICOS EN LA ERA DE LOS ROBOTS?
Authors: Bastidas Párraga Gustavo
Published: February 2021

Editorial
Provenance, tectonics and palaeo environment of Mesoproterozoic Saundatti Quartzite Member of Kaladgi Basin, India: A petrographic view.
Authors: Verlekar Purushottam Anil , Kotha Mahender
Published: February 2021

The Kaladgi Basin, one of the important Proterozoic Sedimentary basins of Peninsular India, exposes a thick sequence of Proterozoic succession composed of a variety of lithologies with predominance of arenaceous rocks interrupted with Carbonate sediments at different stratigraphic levels. The present work focuses mainly on understanding the Sedimentological nature and diagenetic character of the Lower part of the Lokapur sub-group rocks that are exposed in and around Savadatti Town, Belagavi District of Karnataka. These rocks are mainly composed of Arenite sequences of varying grain size. The clastic succession comprises lithologies Sandstones with minor conglomeratic facies at the lower regimes. An attempt is made to identify the detailed petrographic character of the sandstones to understand the provenance and depositional environments based on the detailed petrographic observation. The study suggests that the coarse clastic conglomerates are essentially polymictic types and the sandstones are sub-mature to mature (mineralogically), medium to coarse grained and can be categorized mainly into lithic/feldspathic and quartz arenites. Minor occurance of feldspars as the framework constituent also suggests that the rock have undergone considerable transport. However with their variable degree of alteration (from fresh to partially alter to completely altered grains) associated with textural maturity and nature of Quartz point towards the possibility of derivation of these sediments from two different sources. Palaeocurrent data that indicate a NW palaeoslope suggest the derivation of sediments from a variety of granitic and gnesssic crystalline complexes occurring along the basin margin. The maturity of the sandstones (Quartz Arenites) is attributed to the recycling and re-working of the older sediments. Analysis of Textural parameters of these rocks pointed towards deposition under beach environments. The lack in preservation of much amount of feldspar in these sandstones is indicates a remote source and relatively dry-arid climate of the source area.
Diagenesis and Porosity Evolution of the Pachmarhi Sandstones (Early Triassic), Satpura Gondwana Basin, Central India
Authors: Anis Dr , Khan Abdullah , Kumar Narendra , Hasan Mujeebul
Published: February 2021

This study deals with the diagenetic history of the Pachmarhi Sandstones of Satpura Gondwana Basin, Central India. The sandstones are classified as quartz-arenite and sub-arkose type. Monocrystalline quartz grains dominate the detrital mineralogy followed by polycrystalline quartz grains, feldspars (more alkali-feldspar than plagioclase), rock fragments, detrital mica and heavy minerals. The diagenetic signatures observed in the Pachmarhi Sandstones include mechanical compaction, cementation (Fe-oxide, quartz overgrowths, calcite, matrix and clay minerals), replacement and dissolution of feldspar and calcite cement. The most commonly observed type of secondary porosity is dissolution of feldspars. The porosity loss is mainly due to cementation by pore occlusion and by early stage of mechanical compaction. In addition, several clay minerals occurred as pore-filling and pore-lining cements. The nature of various types of grain- to grain contacts suggests early cementation and consequent minor compaction. Among the various cements, calcite is the earliest followed by iron oxide while silica cementation occurred probably at a late stage. The carbonate cement formed during burial by dissolution and re-precipitation represents redistributed calcite which was buried with the sandstone. The iron cement was perhaps derived from weathering and leaching of ferromagnesian minerals of overlying Deccan traps. Silica cement was derived from the corrosion of quartz and feldspar grains. Types of grain contacts, minus-cement porosity and porosity reduction indicate a shallow depth of burial conditions for these sandstones.
Assessment of Pre-and Post-Monsoon Groundwater Resource for Irrigation in Bhopalpatnam area, Bijapur District, Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Guhey Rajeeva , Munna Korsa
Published: February 2021

A  study  was  conducted  to  determine  the  suitability  of  groundwater  used  for  irrigation  in  and  around  the Bhopalpatnam  area  of  Bijapur District, Chhattisgarh,  during pre-and post-monsoon seasons of 2016. In this study, sixty two groundwater samples were collected different villages and analyzed for various hydrochemical parameters like pH, EC, Alkalinity, Hardness , TDS, Ca, Mg, Na, K, CO3, HCO3, Cl, SO4, NO3, PO4, Fe and F. Physico-chemical characterization of the samples revealed that groundwater from  most  of  the  sources  was  not  fit  for  drinking owing  to  a  high  concentration  of  EC, HCO3, NO3, Fe and F. Irrigation indices such as Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Sodium percentage (Na %), Residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Permeability Index (PI), Kelly's Ratio (KR), Magnesium Hazard (MH) and EC were also calculated. The SAR values obtained for all the samples were plotted against EC values in the US Salinity Laboratory diagram and it was revealed that the most of the samples fall under water type C3-S1 indicating high salinity and low SAR. The  analysis  of  the  various  parameters  indicated  the  moderate  suitability  of groundwater for irrigation purpose.

Keywords : Groundwater, Irrigation, SAR, %Na, KR, PI and MH.
A large-eddy simulation study of deep-convection initiation through
the collision of two sea-breeze fronts
Authors: Fu Shizuo , Rotunno Richard , Xue Huiwen , Chen Jinghua , Deng Xin
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Large-eddy simulations are performed to investigate the process of deep-convection initiation (DCI) over a peninsula. In each simulation, two sea-breeze circulations develop over the two coasts. The two sea-breeze fronts move inland and collide, producing strong instability and strong updrafts near the centerline of the domain, and consequently leading to DCI. In the simulation with a maximum total heat flux over land of 700 or 500 W m−2, DCI is accomplished through the development of three generations of convection. The first generation of convection is randomly produced through the collision of the sea-breeze fronts. The second generation of convection is produced mainly through the collision of the sea-breeze fronts, but only develops in regions where no strong downdrafts are produced by the first generation of convection. The third generation of convection mainly develops from the intersection points of the cold pools produced by the second generation of convection, and is produced through the collision between gust fronts and sea-breeze fronts. As the maximum total heat flux decreases from 700 to 500 W m−2, both the height and strength of the sea breezes are reduced, inhibiting the forcing of the first two generations of convection. These two generations of convection therefore become weaker. The weaker second generation of convection produces shallower cold pools, reducing the forcing of the third generation, and consequently weakening the third generation of convection. As the maximum total heat flux further decreases to 300 W m−2, only one generation of shallow convection is produced.
Secular change in atmospheric Ar∕N2 and its implications for ocean heat uptake and Brewer–Dobson circulation
Authors: Ishidoya Shigeyuki , Sugawara Satoshi , Tohjima Yasunori , Goto Daisuke , Ishijima Kentaro , Niwa Yosuke , Aoki Nobuyuki , Murayama Shohei
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Systematic measurements of the atmospheric Ar∕N2
ratio have been made at ground-based stations in Japan and Antarctica since
2012. Clear seasonal cycles of the Ar∕N2 ratio with summertime maxima
were found at middle- to high-latitude stations, with seasonal amplitudes
increasing with increasing latitude. Eight years of the observed Ar∕N2
ratio at Tsukuba (TKB) and Hateruma (HAT), Japan, showed interannual
variations in phase with the observed variations in the global ocean heat
content (OHC). We calculated secularly increasing trends of 0.75 ± 0.30
and 0.89 ± 0.60 per meg per year from the Ar∕N2 ratio observed at
TKB and HAT, respectively, although these trend values are influenced by
large interannual variations. In order to examine the possibility of the
secular trend in the surface Ar∕N2 ratio being modified significantly
by the gravitational separation in the stratosphere, two-dimensional model
simulations were carried out by arbitrarily modifying the mass stream
function in the model to simulate either a weakening or an enhancement of
the Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC). The secular trend of the Ar∕N2
ratio at TKB, corrected for gravitational separation under the assumption of
weakening (enhancement) of BDC simulated by the 2-D model, was 0.60 ± 0.30 (0.88 ± 0.30) per meg per year. By using a conversion factor of
3.5 × 10−23 per meg per joule by assuming a one-box ocean with a temperature
of 3.5 ∘C, average OHC increase rates of 17.1 ± 8.6 ZJ yr−1 and 25.1 ± 8.6 ZJ yr−1 for the period 2012–2019 were
estimated from the corrected secular trends of the Ar∕N2 ratio for the
weakened- and enhanced-BDC conditions, respectively. Both OHC increase
rates from the uncorrected- and weakened-BDC secular trends of the Ar∕N2
ratio are consistent with 12.2 ± 1.2 ZJ yr−1 reported by ocean
temperature measurements, while that from the enhanced-BDC is outside of the
range of the uncertainties. Although the effect of the actual atmospheric
circulation on the Ar∕N2 ratio is still unclear and longer-term
observations are needed to reduce uncertainty of the secular trend of the
surface Ar∕N2 ratio, the analytical results obtained in the present
study imply that the surface Ar∕N2 ratio is an important tracer for
detecting spatiotemporally integrated changes in OHC and BDC.
Evaluating the use of Aeolus satellite observations in the regional
NWP model Harmonie-Arome
Authors: Hagelin Susanna , Azad Roohollah , Lindskog Magnus , Schyberg Harald , Körnich Heiner
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The impact of using wind speed data from the Aeolus satellite in a limited area Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) system is being investigated using the limited area NWP model Harmonie-Arome over the Nordic region. We assimilate the Horizontal Line of Sight (HLOS) winds observed by Aeolus using 3D-Var data assimilation for two different periods, one in Sept–Oct 2018 when the satellite was recently launched, and a later period in Apr–May 2020 to investigate the updated data processing of the HLOS winds. We find that the quality of the Aeolus observations have degraded between the first and second experiment period over our domain. However observations from Aeolus, in particular the Mie winds, have a clear impact on the analysis of the NWP model for both periods whereas the forecast impact is neutral when compared against radiosondes. Results from evaluation of observation minus background and observation minus analysis departures based on Desroziers diagnostics show that the observation error should be increased for Aeolus data in our experiments, but the impact of doing so is small. We also see that there is potential improvement in using 4D-Var data assimilation, which generate flow-dependent analysis increments, with the Aeolus data.
Temporal variability and driving factors of the carbonate system in the Aransas
Ship Channel, TX: A time-series study
Authors: McCutcheon Melissa R. , Yao Hongming , Staryk Cory J. , Hu Xinping
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Estuaries are complex systems with substantial heterogeneity in water chemistry, including carbonate chemistry parameters such as pH and partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), because of the diversity of co-occurring biogeochemical processes. To better understand estuarine acidification and air-sea CO2 fluxes from estuaries, it is important to study baseline variability and driving factors of carbonate chemistry. Using both discrete bottle sample collection (2014–2020) and hourly sensor measurements (2016–2017), we explored temporal variability, from diel to interannual scales, in the carbonate system (specifically pH and pCO2) at the Aransas Ship Channel located in northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Using other co-located environmental sensors, we also explored the driving factors of that variability. Both sampling methods demonstrated significant seasonal variability at the location, with highest pH (lowest pCO2) in the winter and lowest pH (highest pCO2) in the summer. Significant diel variability was also evident from sensor data, but the time of day with elevated pCO2/depressed pH was not consistent across the entire monitoring period, sometimes reversing from what would be expected from a biological signal. Though seasonal and diel fluctuations were smaller than many other areas previously studied, carbonate chemistry parameters were among the most important environmental parameters to distinguish between time of day and between seasons. It is evident that temperature, biological activity, and tide level (despite the small tidal range) are all important controls on the system, with different controls dominating at different time scales. The results suggest that the controlling factors of the carbonate system may not be exerted equally on both pH and pCO2 on diel timescales, causing separation of their diel or tidal relationships during certain seasons. Despite known temporal variability on shorter timescales, discrete sampling was generally representative of the average carbonate system and average air-sea CO2 flux on a seasonal and annual basis based on comparison with sensor data.
Data assimilation impact studies with the AROME-WMED reanalysis of the first special observation period of the Hydrological cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment
Authors: Fourrié Nadia , Nuret Mathieu , Brousseau Pierre , Caumont Olivier
Published: February 2021

Abstract. This study was performed in the framework of HyMeX (Hydrological cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment), which aimed to study the heavy precipitation that regularly affects the Mediterranean area. A reanalysis with a convective-scale model AROME-WMED (Application of Research to Operations at MEsoscale western Mediterranean) was performed, which assimilated most of the available data for a 2-month period corresponding to the first special observation period of the field campaign (Fourrié et al., 2019). Among them, observations related to the low-level humidity flow were assimilated. Such observations are important for the description of the feeding of the convective mesoscale systems with humidity (Duffourg and Ducrocq, 2011; Bresson et al., 2012; Ricard et al., 2012). Among them there were a dense reprocessed network of high-quality Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) zenithal total delay (ZTD) observations, reprocessed data from wind profilers, lidar-derived vertical profiles of humidity (ground and airborne) and Spanish radar data. The aim of the paper is to assess the impact of the assimilation of these four observation types on the analyses and the forecasts from the 3 h forecast range (first guess) up to the 48 h forecast range. In order to assess this impact, several observing system experiments (OSEs) or so-called denial experiments, were carried out by removing one single data set from the observation data set assimilated in the reanalysis. Among the evaluated observations, it is found that the ground-based GNSS ZTD data set provides the largest impact on the analyses and the forecasts, as it represents an evenly spread and frequent data set providing information at each analysis time over the AROME-WMED domain. The impact of the reprocessing of GNSS ZTD data also improves the forecast quality, but this impact is not statistically significant. The assimilation of the Spanish radar data improves the 3 h precipitation forecast quality as well as the short-term (30 h) precipitation forecasts, but this impact remains located over Spain. Moreover, marginal impact from wind profilers was observed on wind background quality. No impacts have been found regarding lidar data, as they represent a very small data set, mainly located over the sea.
Characterizing QAnon: Analysis of YouTube comments presents new conclusions about a popular conservative conspiracy
Authors: Miller Daniel Taninecz
Published: February 2021

QAnon has become an important phenomenon in American politics due to both its relative popularity as well as its adoption/endorsement by political elites. However, this conspiracy theory/social movement has received sparse investigation in the social sciences. This gap is particularly noticeable in regards to the QAnon movement’s overall beliefs and perceptions of global affairs. This piece addresses these research gaps by using repeatable inductive computational social science methods to analyze a sample of comments from YouTube, a platform popular with QAnon followers. This investigation affirms previous observations regarding QAnon’s narratives connecting the U.S. government (particularly prominent Democrats) and alleged sexual violence against children, anti-semitism/fundamentalist Christian theology, and pro-Trump sentiments, and also reaveals several novel conclusions regarding QAnon. These novel observations include: [1] that the QAnon community sustains substantial discussion of international affairs, largely revolving around China, Russia and Israel (in order of prominence); [2] that discussion of China in QAnon comments received more “likes” than other international topics; and [3] that a nexus of conjectures tying former presidential candidate, Senator, and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton to the Chinese party-state dominate these China-centric comments. Aside from these novel conclusions regarding QAnon, this paper also seeks to make a contribution to repeatable social science analysis of YouTube comments more generally.
Low Dose Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia: An Anesthesia Technique for Cesarean Section in a Patient Suffering from Congenitally Corrected Transposition of Great Arteries and Severe Pulmonary Stenosis
Authors: Jain Dhruv , Kumar Kaushal , Singh Abishek , Punj Jyotsna
Published: February 2021

A primigravida, aged 22 years, at 39th gestational week was hospitalized with dyspnea since onset of labor. On systemic evaluation and echocardiography, she was diagnosed to have congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA) along with severe pulmonic stenosis and bidirectional ventricular and atrial septal defects. A multidisciplinary team provided initial symptomatic management, stratified the risk and planned for a cesarean section. A low-dose combined sequential spinal-epidural anesthesia with invasive monitoring was used which provided excellent surgical condition with stable intraoperative and postoperative hemodynamics.
Factors Affecting Oculocardiac Reflex Incidence In Pediatric Strabismus Surgery: Retrospective Study
Authors: Aydın Bengü Gülhan , Küçükosman Gamze , Pişkin Özcan , Aktaş Bahar , Okyay Rahşan Dilek , Cantürk Uğurbaş Silay , Ayoğlu Hilal
Published: February 2021

INTRODUCTION: Oculocardiac reflex (OCR) activation is common during the strabismus surgery. As a result of the OCR, sinus bradycardia, atrioventricular block, ventricular fibrillation and even asystole may occur. Pediatric patients are also more vulnerable to harmful effects of this reflex. The aim of this study was to determine the possible risk factors affecting the incidence of OCR in pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery. METHODS: The medical records of the pediatric patients who underwent strabismus surgery between January 2015 and September 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Operations performed by only one surgeon. OCR was defined as a more than 20% reduction in HR induced by the extraocular muscle (EOM) manipulation. Demographic data, duration of surgery, history of any previous strabismus surgery and possible development of OCR, anesthesia management, neuromuscular blocker and anesthetic drugs used for the anesthesia induction and maintenance as well as the airway management, the number of operated eyes, and also the muscle types of the patients were all recorded. Risk factors for OCR were evaluated by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Out of 92 pediatric patients who were initially evaluated, six were excluded from the study because their files were missing. A total of 86 patients were included in the study. During surgery, OCR occurred in 29 (33.7%) patients. The absence of administering benzodiazepine for premedication (p=0.03) and neuromuscular blocker after induction (p=0.046) in pediatric patients are specified as independent risk factors. We found that the use of a neuromuscular blocker and benzodiazepine in premedication reduced the risk of OCR by 3.64 and 3.11 times, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The incidence of OCR may decrease with preventive measures such as neuromuscular blocker application, premedication with benzodiazepine in strabismus surgeries.
Do broadcasting ao video on demand: narrativas seriadas e os atravessamentos televisivos
Authors: Conegatti Daniela
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo compõe discussão a respeito dos atravessamentos televisivos promovidos pelas mudanças no modo de produzir e consumir narrativas seriadas, em especial provocadas pelo advento do Video on Demand (VoD). Recorre ao seguinte questionamento: qual o lugar das narrativas seriadas no jogo de tensões entre os limites televisivos?  Para tanto, identifica a gênese transmidiática das séries, caracterizando as relações de proximidade e distanciamento que este audiovisual estabelece com a televisão. Apropria-se de reflexões de autoras/es como Castellano e Meimaridis (2016), Jenner (2014), Silva e Figueiredo (2019, p. 152) e Corrêa (2019) e argumenta de modo a delinear algumas compreensões do campo, assim como provocá-las. Por fim, recorre a possíveis relações paradoxais entre televisão e série, sobretudo no que diz respeito a discussões que abrangem questões de qualidade e complexidade, para apostar na ambivalência como possível resultado produtivo para os estudos de/sobre televisão e de/sobre narrativas seriadas.
Da utopia democrática ao caos republicano: o lugar da ficção televisiva no reforço da (des)confiança nas instituições políticas estadunidenses
Authors: Meimaridis Melina , Quinan Rodrigo
Published: February 2021

O artigo teoriza sobre as instituições ficcionais nas séries televisivas estadunidenses e o papel desempenhado por elas na construção dos imaginários associados às instituições do mundo real. Utilizando um viés sociológico realiza-se uma análise comparativa da narrativa dos dramas políticos The West Wing e House of Cards. Identificou-se que enquanto a primeira constrói uma visão funcional das instituições políticas, a segunda as apresenta de forma desmoralizadas e enfraquecidas. A hipótese central é que essas produções atuam nos processos de reforço da (des)confiança para com as instituições que compõem o sistema político republicano nos Estados Unidos.
Ideología e Independencia: Los Fundamentos Intelectuales de Los Protagonistas de 1810
Authors: Blanco Jacqueline Blanco
Published: February 2021

O presente trabalho analisa a relação ideologia-independência, uma conexão de causa-efeito que levou aos acontecimentos de 20 de julho de 1810 ocorridos em Santa Fé de Bogotá, no Vice-Reinado de Nova Granada. A referida temática foi abordada a partir dos métodos históricos de análise que permitiram conhecer o processo de formação intelectual de uma geração de homens que levaram a declaração de independência, assim como sua formação acadêmica e das atividades que possibilitaram desenvolver e cultivar o debate e a crítica. A análise leva a concluir que foram trinta anos de preparação ideológica que antecederam a independência, através dos quais foram vários os eventos em que se contraiu o pensamento libertador novogranadino.
“Uma Revista para o Direito Vivo”: Pontes de Miranda e a orientação da prática jurídica nacional na Revista ‘Ciência do Direito – Revista dos Juízes e Juristas Brasileiros’ (1934)
Authors: Flores Alfredo de J.
Published: February 2021

Quanto à obra do mais reconhecido jurista brasileiro do séc. XX, o alagoano Francisco Cavalcanti Pontes de Miranda, pode-se anotar que ainda possui o seu lugar de relevo entre os autores nacionais de dogmática jurídica, mesmo avançando o século XXI. As citações das obras do autor ainda se fazem presentes, e os trabalhos sobre o seu pensamento podem ser encontrados por meio dos atuais sistemas de busca. Entretanto, as opiniões sobre esse autor e sua obra permanecem inalteradas por décadas, sempre partindo da tônica de que se trata de um autor de época, com forte germanismo em virtude de sua formação dentro da Escola de Recife. Nesta investigação, propõe-se uma problematização deste ponto de vista, a partir da apresentação de elementos de sua revista “Ciência do Direito”, publicada em 1934, revista jurídica essa que se voltava à prática do direito, o que escaparia ao lugar-comum de vinculação do autor Pontes de Miranda a uma imagem fortemente teórica de sua atuação nas várias áreas do Direito durante a sua vida, isso em razão da perspectiva científica da Escola de Recife, à qual Pontes se vinculava, e ainda ao fato de que o autor publicou muitos tratados, de onde depois se explica a formação do conhecido “Tratado de Direito Privado” de 60 volumes. Deste modo, aproximando-se a uma metodologia da história do livro e dos impressos, buscaremos ampliar a leitura sobre o autor apresentando através do estudo desta Revista a relevância de sua atenção para com a prática do direito.
Os conceitos e as coisas ou as palavras e os vestígios? (Resenha de Escrever história do direito: reconstrução, narrativa ou ficção? [São Paulo, Editora Contracorrente, 2020], de Michael Stolleis)
Authors: Barbosa Samuel
Published: February 2021

Resenha de Escrever história do direito: reconstrução, narrativa ou ficção? (São Paulo, Editora Contracorrente, 2020), de Michael Stolleis.
Historicizando a “grande dicotomia”. (Resenha de Diritto pubblico e diritto privato: una genealogia storica [Bologna, Il mulino, 2020], de Bernardo Sordi)
Authors: Staut Júnior Sérgio Said
Published: February 2021

Resenha de Diritto pubblico e diritto privato: una genealogia storica (Bologna, Il mulino, 2020), de Bernardo Sordi.
The Rosalía Polemic: Defining Genre Boundaries and Legitimacy in Flamenco
Authors: Manuel Peter
Published: February 2021

In 2018 Spanish singer Rosalía attained international popularity with her innovative flamenco-fusion album El mal querer. Within the flamenco world, the Rosalía vogue provoked vehement and ongoing polemics involving whether or not her music should be regarded as “flamenco,” whether she had the social credentials to be accepted as a flamenco innovator, and whether it was proper for her to adopt the persona of a ghetto-girl Gypsy in her hit music video, “Malamente.” These controversies reveal much about flamenco culture and the tensions inhering to its status as both a concert art form and a traditional idiom embedded in Gitano subculture.

En 2018 la cantante española Rosalía adquirió fama internacional con su álbum El mal querer y su innovadora propuesta de flamenco fusión. El auge de Rosalía ha provocado intensas polémicas dentro del mundo flamenco, muchas de las cuales continúan vigentes, y cuestionan aspectos tales como si su música puede ser considerada “flamenco,” si la artista posee los atributos sociales necesarios para ser aceptada como pionera del género, o hasta qué punto su uso del estereotipo “chica-de-barrio gitano” en el videoclip Malamente es adecuado. La controversia provocada por estas cuestiones revela muchos aspectos de la cultura flamenca, especialmente sobre las tensiones que emergen de su doble estatus como música profesional para concierto y como lenguaje tradicional de la subcultura gitana.
Tradicionalismo africanoin Cuba: Women, ConsecratedBatá, and the Polemics of “Re-Yorubization” in Cuban Ritual Music
Authors: Meadows Ruthie
Published: February 2021

In 2015 Nagybe Madariaga Pouymiró, a professional percussionist and life-long proponent for women’s right to play the consecrated batá in Cuba, succeeded in crafting the first group of women authorized to play the previously prohibited tambores de Añá (consecrated batá). Authorized and overseen by African traditionalist babaláwo (priest) Enrique Orozco Rubio, Pouymiró mobilized the burgeoning African traditionalist movement (el tradicionalismo africano, also known as Nigerian-style Ifá-òrì⋅á) to circumvent Cuban gendered prohibitions regarding access to the instruments. Pouymiró’s intervention demonstrates one example of the myriad ways in which emergent circulations between Cuba and Yorùbáland, Nigeria are transforming the landscape of gender and ritual music in Cuba.

En 2015 Nagybe Madariaga Pouymiró, percusionista profesional y una mujer que por décadas se ha dedicado a defender el derecho de la mujer a tocar el conjunto de los batá consagrados, logró crear el primer grupo de mujeres autorizadas para tocar los tambores de Añá en Cuba. Por medio de un evento autorizado y supervisado por el babaláwo (sacerdote) de Ifá “estilo nigeriano” Enrique Orozco Rubio, Pouymiró pudo movilizar el movimiento tradicionalista africano (también conocido como Ifá-òrì⋅á estilo nigeriano) para crear nuevos espacios de acceso a los instrumentos para las mujeres. La intervención de Pouymiró demuestra una de las innumerables formas en que las circulaciones emergentes entre Cuba y la tierra Yorùbá de Nigeria están transformando el panorama de la música ritual y el género en Cuba.
Cyber Child Abuse in Bangladesh: A Rural Population-Based Study
Authors: Mubassara Leuza , Towhid Muhammad Ibrahim Ibne , Sultana Sarmin , Anik Asibul Islam , Salwa Marium , Khan Md. Maruf Haque , Haque M Atiqul
Published: February 2021

Background: Cyber abuse has become common among children worldwide; however, it is yet to receive attention in Bangladesh. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of cyber child abuse in the context of Bangladesh. Methods: This population-based study was conducted on 460 children aged between 11 to 17 years recruited from a selected rural area of Bangladesh by simple random sampling. A cyber abuse scale was developed to measure the prevalence of cyber child abuse. Data were collected with a semi-structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. Results: Around 33 percent of children were internet users. The prevalence of at least one, two, and three form(s) of cyber abuses was 59 percent, 38 percent, and 26 percent, respectively, among the internet users. The commonly reported abuses were being subjected to bullying, mockery, rumor, or humiliation (36%), contacted anonymously with ill motive (29%), receiving sexually explicit message or comment (21%), and receiving sexually explicit picture or video (17%). Male children were victimized more by different forms of cyber abuse. Logistic regression analysis showed that children whose internet using periods are more and who have higher knowledge about cyber abuse are more likely to be victimized with cyber abuse. Conclusion: Cyber child abuse is a prevalent yet less explored public health threat in Bangladesh. Raising awareness against cyber abuse, educating children on prevention strategies, and imposing strict laws might help Bangladesh line up with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child that the country signed in 1990.
Psicanálise, clínica ampliada e dor física: algumas articulações
Authors: Peres Rodrigo Sanches , Bocchi Josiane Cristina
Published: February 2021

A Psicanálise é capaz de enriquecer a clínica ampliada e, assim, viabilizar a superação de limitações inerentes ao modelo biomédico que se revelam por meio de práticas em saúde voltadas a pacientes que padecem de dor física. O presente estudo possui um duplo objetivo. Em primeiro lugar, buscaremos traçar um breve panorama de tentativas de compreensão da dor física ao longo da história, a fim de contextualizar e problematizar o surgimento e a consolidação do modelo biomédico. Em segundo lugar, discutiremos alguns aportes psicanalíticos para a apreensão teórica da dor física que, a nosso ver, podem gerar contribuições relevantes para a clínica ampliada. Concluímos, com base em formulações freudianas e pós-freudianas, que a dor física, desde diferentes ângulos, ocupa um “lugar” fronteiriço, em contraste com o que sugere o modelo biomédico. Com isso, iluminamos aspectos subjetivos das condições dolorosas que merecem ser levados em conta pelos profissionais de saúde.