bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF THE DETERMINANTS OF CONSUMER DECISIONS IN PURCHASING HALAL BEAUTY PRODUCTS
Authors: Chairani Eritrina Rizki , Qurtubi  , Widodo Imam Djati , Fariza Rahma
Published: August 2022

Halal beauty products have now begun to attract the attention of the Muslim community in Indonesia, but it does not necessarily show that consumers of halal beauty products prioritize halal products, because there are other factors that can affect purchasing decisions. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of product quality, halal label, and product price on the purchase decision of halal beauty products, which then based on these results, an evaluation of the level of awareness and concern of female students for halal is carried out. The data was collected by distributing questionnaires to students of University X. The respondents who filled out this research questionnaire were active students of University X who had bought halal beauty products of any brand. This research method is SEM-PLS analysis to predict the influence between independent variables on dependent variables, as well as descriptive analysis to determine the level of awareness and concern of female students for halal. The result of this study is that the three variables each have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Based on the results of the SEM-PLS pathway coefficient test, it is known that product quality has a greater influence than the halal factor (halal label) when female students decide to buy halal beauty products. Therefore, a further evaluation of the level of halal awareness and concern is carried out by conducting a descriptive analysis on each item of halal label indicators. Through this analysis, the results were obtained that 62.5% of the eight halal label indicator items were in the range of positive categories which showed that the level of halal awareness and concern of female students was high.
Visual Storytelling with Maps
Authors: Song Zihan , Roth Robert E. , Houtman Lily , Prestby Timothy , Iverson Alicia , Gao Song
Published: August 2022

Visual storytelling describes the communication of stories through illustrations, graphics, imagery, and video instead of, or in addition to, oral, written, and audio formats. Compared to their popularity and wide reach, empirical research on map-based visual stories remains limited. We work towards infilling this gap through an empirical study on data journalism, providing the first assessment of four emerging design considerations for visual storytelling with maps: story map themes and their constituent narrative elements, visual storytelling genres, visual storytelling tropes, and individual audience differences. Specifically, we recruited 125 participants to an online map study, requiring them to separately review two visual stories and respond to a series of free-response and Likert scale questions regarding their retention, comprehension, and reaction. We followed a 2×2×2 factorial design for the visual stories, varying their themes (US presidential campaign donations, US coastal sea-level rise), genres (longform infographic, dynamic slideshow), and tropes (color highlighting, leader lines), while holding other design dimensions constant. The story theme did not influence the participants’ total retention or comprehension, indicating that a three-act narrative and its constituent elements can be applied consistently and effectively across variable kinds of topics. Instead, genres and, to a weaker degree, tropes influenced total participant retention, pointing to the importance of intentional design in map-based visual storytelling. Participants overall performed better when the visual storytelling designs used longform infographics or “scrollytelling” (genres) to structure content and leader lines (tropes) to visually accent information. In contrast, the story theme influenced audience reaction, with participants feeling significantly more concerned about and upset with the US presidential campaign donations story compared to the US sea-level rise story. Individual audience differences by expertise, motivation, and prior beliefs also influenced participant reaction. Our study signals a need for establishing a research and education agenda on map-based visual storytelling in both cartography and data journalism.
Plant growth promoting and antagonistic Enterobacter sp. EPR4 from common bean rhizosphere of garhwal himalayan inhibits a soil-borne pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Dubey Ramesh Chandra , Rai Ashutosh Kumar
Published: August 2022

Plant growth stimulating and antagonistic properties of 7 bacterial isolates of beneficial Enterobacter spp. (EPR1- EPR7) screened from the rhizospheric soil of Phaseolus vulgaris plants growing in Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India was studied against soil borne phytopathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes root rots in various crops. Among the isolates, EPR4 showed 64.8% reduction in colony growth of the fungal pathogen in dual culture. All seven isolates are capable of producing Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), but EPR4 also produced cyanogens, solubilized inorganic and organic phosphate, siderophore, ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) deamininase, and extracellular enzymes like chitinase which inhibited the phytopathogen. For the EPR4 strain, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was followed by NCBI - BLAST similarity showed the maximum sequence similarity (100%) with the species of Enterobacter (available on NCBI data base), and recognized as Enterobacter sp. EPR4 (GenBank accession number JN225424). The Enterobacter sp. EPR4 has the potential to be used as a biocontrol agent against S. sclerotiorum as well as a good plant growth promoter for common bean and other crops grown in India's Garhwal Himalaya.
Does Depreciation of Currency Always Invite Debt Trap?
Authors: Fujita Yasunori
Published: August 2022

In the present paper, motivated by the debate over the causes of the debt trap Sri Lanka fell into and by extending Padoan et al (2012) that focused on a country with domestic debt only, we construct a theoretical model that incorporates the foreign debt to investigate the condition where the debt trap is avoided. The results we obtain are as follows.
(1) Country falls into the debt trap no matter what the exchange rate is if the growth rate of the GDP without foreign debt is low, the government expenditure is not effective, increase in the foreign debt is smaller the foreign interest rate is high.
(2) Depreciation of the currency is necessary for the country to avoid the debt trap if the growth rate of the GDP without foreign debt is high, the government expenditure is effective, increase in the foreign debt is large or the foreign interest rate is low.
(3) The more the foreign debt influences the GDP, the weaker its currency should be in order to avoid the debt trap.
“Even I Can Do It”: Chinese Ethnolinguistic Minority Learners’ Investment in Creative Writing and Its Impact
Authors: Yang Shizhou , Reynolds Barry Lee
Published: August 2022

Although much is known about the benefits of providing creative writing courses to English learners, little research is available on Chinese ethnolinguistic minority learners’ creative writing in formal education. In response, this ethnographic study explored three ethnolinguistic minority learners’ engagement with a three-month elective English creative writing course at a Chinese university. Data (drafts, interviews, and reflection) were analyzed to reveal the three learners’ investment in creative writing and its impact. It was found that creative writing helped the learners to develop more confident writer identities, that they became more proficient in writing, and that their language proficiency also grew. The study suggests creative writing can serve as identity texts, which reflect back on their emergent creative writer identity, and can be a beneficial pedagogical option for ethnolinguistic minority learners.
Motivational Practices in Foreign Language Teaching: From the Perspective of Self-Determination Theory
Authors: Wei Mengxuan , Chen Yaping
Published: August 2022

This quantitative-oriented study investigates junior middle school EFL teachers’ beliefs about motivational practices in the language teaching process. Grounded in self-determination theory, the study examined teachers’ beliefs in three basic psychological needs (relatedness, competence and autonomy) and the effect of their teaching experience on these beliefs. Data were obtained from 84 Chinese junior middle school English teachers through a questionnaire. Results suggested that teachers recognized motivational practices for relatedness and competence satisfaction while showing relatively low recognition of a few motivating practices for autonomy satisfaction. Teaching experience was found to have no influence on teachers’ conception of needs-related motivational practices. Findings reveal that traditional activities like collective lesson preparations may have a negative influence on teachers’ beliefs about motivational practices. They also present the necessity for adjustments on educational regulations, and for modern professional training to help teachers understand students’ basic psychological needs, and to encourage new ideas to bolster students’ intrinsic motivation for language learning.
Exploring Generic Features in China-Africa Corporate Advertising: A Critical Genre Analysis
Authors: Wang Meiling , Deng Liming
Published: August 2022

China-Africa corporate advertising is emerging as an example of the corporate advertising genre in response to the specific rhetorical context of China-Africa win-win cooperation. Drawing on Bhatia’s Critical Genre Analysis (2017), this study explores the text-internal and text-external generic features of China-Africa corporate advertising by analyzing 50 collected samples. The analysis of text-internal prominence shows that China-Africa corporate advertising is unique in its frequent use of win-win-oriented and sector-dependent technical lexicons to indicate the promotional intent. It is also found that move structures vary across different sub-types of China-Africa corporate advertising. Text-externally, the findings reveal a mixture of different discourses within the discursive space of China-Africa corporate advertising. In addition, the results suggest that Chinese companies invest more rhetorical efforts in enhancing the China-Africa community than African counterparts who tend to perceive China-Africa cooperation as the main avenue to attract worldwide partnerships. The findings have some practical implications for discourse construction in the Belt and Road Initiative context and shed light on the evolving nature of advertising discourse, particularly in the China-Africa win-win business context.
Improving diagnosis: adding context to cognition
Authors: Linzer Mark , Sullivan Erin E. , Olson Andrew P. J. , Khazen Maram , Mirica Maria , Schiff Gordon D.
Published: August 2022

Background

The environment in which clinicians provide care and think about their patients is a crucial and undervalued component of the diagnostic process.

Content

In this paper, we propose a new conceptual model that links work conditions to clinician responses such as stress and burnout, which in turn impacts the quality of the diagnostic process and finally patient diagnostic outcomes. The mechanism for these interactions critically depends on the relationship between working memory (WM) and long-term memory (LTM), and ways WM and LTM interactions are affected by working conditions.

We propose a conceptual model to guide interventions to improve work conditions, clinician reactions and ultimately diagnostic process, accuracy and outcomes.

Outlook

Improving diagnosis can be accomplished if we are able to understand, measure and increase our knowledge of the context of care.
Palladium-mediated base-free and solvent-free synthesis of aromatic azo compounds from anilines catalyzed by copper acetate
Authors: Jiang Bo , Du Yue-Yue , Han Guo-Zhi
Published: August 2022

Herein, we report a new one-step direct synthesis of aromatic azo compounds from anilines under mild conditions. With the catalysis of copper acetate mediated by palladium salt, rapid conversion of anilines to aromatic azo compounds can be observed under the conditions of base-free along with solvent-free. Furthermore, the cross-coupling nitridation reaction based on this strategy was also studied. This research provides not only a new way for the synthesis of symmetrical and asymmetrical aromatic azo compounds but also a strategy and platform for exploring catalytic applications of transition metal compounds.
On the verge of extinction: the semantics, pragmatics, and etymology of eight endangered similes in Jish Arabic
Authors: Habib Sandy
Published: August 2022

This study has aimed (1) to look into the meaning and origin of eight similes used by older, but not by younger, native speakers of Jish Arabic and (2) to explicate their meanings using simple, universal human concepts. It is hypothesized that, with the passage of time, these similes will go extinct. That is, not only will they stop being used, but they will also not be recognized by native Jish Arabic speakers. Thus, by discussing their meaning and etymology, these similes can be preserved in writing, especially as Jish Arabic does not have any written records. By explicating them using simple, universal language, their meaning will be accessible to cultural outsiders.
Dynamical analysis of a Lotka Volterra commensalism model with additive Allee effect
Authors: He Xiaqing , Zhu Zhenliang , Chen Jialin , Chen Fengde
Published: August 2022

We propose and analyze a Lotka-Volterra commensal model with an additive Allee effect in this article. First, we study the existence and local stability of possible equilibria. Second, the conditions for the existence of saddle-node bifurcations and transcritical bifurcations are derived by using Sotomayor’s theorem. Third, we give sufficient conditions for the global stability of the boundary equilibrium and positive equilibrium. Finally, we use numerical simulations to verify the above theoretical results. This study shows that for the weak Allee effect case, the additive Allee effect has a negative effect on the final density of both species, with increasing Allee effect, the densities of both species are decreasing. For the strong Allee effect case, the additive Allee effect is one of the most important factors that leads to the extinction of the second species. The additive Allee effect leads to the complex dynamic behaviors of the system.
Monte Carlo simulation of sensitivity functions for few-view computed tomography of strongly absorbing media
Authors: Konovalov Alexander , Vlasov Vitaly , Kolchugin Sergey , Malyshkin Gennady , Mukhamadiyev Rim
Published: August 2022

The paper describes a sensitivity function calculation method for few-view X-ray computed tomography of strongly absorbing objects. It is based on a probabilistic interpretation of energy transport through the object from a source to a detector. A PRIZMA code package is used to track photons. The code is developed at FSUE “RFNC–VNIITF named after Academ. E. I. Zababakhin” and implements a stochastic Monte Carlo method. The value of the sensitivity function in a discrete cell of the reconstruction region is assumed to be directly proportional to the fraction of photon trajectories which cross the cell from all those recorded by the detector. The method’s efficiency is validated through a numerical experiment on the reconstruction of a section of a spherical heavy-metal phantom with an air cavity and a density difference of 25 Ṫhe proposed method is shown to outperform the method based on projection approximation in case of reconstruction from 9 views.
On arithmetic–geometric eigenvalues of graphs
Authors: Rather Bilal A. , Aouchiche Mustapha , Imran Muhammad , Pirzada Shariefuddin
Published: August 2022

In this article, we are interested in characterizing graphs with three distinct arithmetic–geometric eigenvalues. We provide the bounds on the arithmetic–geometric energy of graphs. In addition, we carry out a statistical analysis of arithmetic–geometric energy and boiling point of alkanes. We observe that arithmetic–geometric energy is better correlated with a boiling point than the arithmetic–geometric index.
A UPR Perspective on Capital Punishment and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Nazir Amna
Published: August 2022

The Universal Periodic Review (UPR), established in 2006, has been hailed as an innovative mechanism of the United Nations’ Human Rights Council. The peer review mechanism assesses the human rights records of all UN Member States and provides recommendations to further the global promotion and protection of human rights. This article provides an analysis of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s third UPR in 2018 with a specific focus on the State’s use of capital punishment. It explores the challenges faced by the UPR and issues recommendations to foster meaningful discourse, in the international community, to protect the right to life and engender change at the domestic level.
Few-mode field quantization for multiple emitters
Authors: Sánchez-Barquilla Mónica , García-Vidal Francisco J. , Fernández-Domínguez Antonio I. , Feist Johannes
Published: August 2022

The control of the interaction between quantum emitters using nanophotonic structures holds great promise for quantum technology applications, while its theoretical description for complex nanostructures is a highly demanding task as the electromagnetic (EM) modes form a high-dimensional continuum. We here introduce an approach that permits a quantized description of the full EM field through a small number of discrete modes. This extends the previous work in ref. (I. Medina, F. J. García-Vidal, A. I. Fernández-Domínguez, and J. Feist, “Few-mode field quantization of arbitrary electromagnetic spectral densities,” Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 126, p. 093601, 2021) to the case of an arbitrary number of emitters, without any restrictions on the emitter level structure or dipole operators. The low computational demand of this method makes it suitable for studying dynamics for a wide range of parameters. We illustrate the power of our approach for a system of three emitters placed within a hybrid metallodielectric photonic structure and show that excitation transfer is highly sensitive to the properties of the hybrid photonic–plasmonic modes.
An effective, novel, and cheap carbon paste electrode for naproxen estimation
Authors: Abd-Elsabour Mohamed , Abou-Krisha Mortaga M. , Alhamzani Abdulrahman G. , Yousef Tarek A.
Published: August 2022

Herein, a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with poly(reduced-o-nitrobenzoic acid [r-o-NBA]) supported in graphene quantum dots (GQDs) was fabricated for the first time. The fabricated electrode’s surface morphology and composition were characterised by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The poly(r-o-NBA)/GQDs/CPE showed high electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of naproxen (NPX) using cyclic and differential pulse voltammetric methods. The effect of scan rate on the oxidation peak of NPX suggests that the electrode process was typically diffusion-controlled. In addition, the effect of pH reflects the participation of protons in the oxidation process of NPX. The peak current is linearly proportional to the concentration of NPX ranging from 1.0 to 100.0 µM, with the correlation coefficient (R2), sensitivity, limit of detection (3σ), and limit of quantification (10σ) being 0.9995, 0.419 µA·µM−1·cm−2, 0.672, and 2.241 µM, respectively. Using chronoamperometry, the diffusion coefficient of NPX at the poly(r-o-NBA)/GQDs/CPE was estimated to be 5.36 × 10−6 cm2·s−1. The proposed electrode has good reproducibility, stability, and high selectivity for NPX oxidation. The obtained recovery range (96.7–102.0%) means that the proposed sensor performed satisfactorily when applied for the detection of NPX in its pharmaceutical formulations.
Method for Preparing Hollow Cylindrical Specimens of Natural Granite Residual Soil
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Zhang Xianwei , Kong Lingwei , Li Chengsheng , An Ran
Published: August 2022

As an effective method of studying soil anisotropy, hollow cylinder torsional shear (HCTS) tests have been performed extensively on sedimentary soil, thereby establishing the anisotropic behavior of sand and clay. However, little is known about the anisotropic behavior of granite residual soil (GRS) formed by weathering, partly because hollow cylindrical specimens of natural GRS have yet to be prepared successfully, hence the lack of HCTS tests performed on GRS. The unique geotechnical properties of GRS, including high intact strength, susceptibility to disturbance, and the minor fissures in soil, pose great challenges when trying to prepare natural specimens. This paper proposes a new method to address this issue, which involves preparing a solid cylindrical specimen, drilling an initial inner cavity and then enlarging it, and finely trimming the specimen to its ultimate dimensions. Two methods are proposed for enlarging the inner cavity, both of which work well. The reliability of the proposed method is confirmed through specimen quality as indicated by the limited void ratio change due to reconsolidation, test repeatability, and comparison of the results of HCTS tests with those of triaxial tests. The HCTS tests reveal the shear strength anisotropy of natural GRS. Although specified for residual soil derived from granite, the proposed method could also be used for other weathered materials.
Detection System of Physical Fitness Distribution during Human Movement in a Smart City Based on Nanobiosensor
Authors: Gao Xinling , Wang Yang
Published: August 2022

In order to overcome the problems of low detection accuracy and efficiency existing in the traditional detection system of physical fitness distribution in the process of human movement, this article proposes a detection system of physical fitness distribution in the process of human movement based on nanobiosensor. The overall framework of the system is designed, and the nanobiosensor is designed according to the characteristics of nanomaterials to realize the accurate acquisition of energy parameters in the process of human movement. Combined with physical distribution detection module and communication module, the hardware design of the system is completed. In the software part of the system, the metabolic rate of human motion is calculated according to the energy metabolism conservation method, and the normalized energy distribution spectrum is obtained according to the calculation results to complete the detection of human energy distribution. The experimental results show that, compared with the traditional detection system, the detection accuracy and detection efficiency of the designed system are significantly improved, and the highest detection accuracy can reach 97 %. Therefore, it shows that the designed system has high practical application value.
AI-Based Detection of Power Consumption Behavior of People in a Smart City
Authors: Yang Dongmei , Zhang Yueyuan , He Hongming
Published: August 2022

In the past, the power consumption behavior of customers was not considered, so the research of power consumption behavior based on artificial intelligence technology was put forward. Combined with artificial intelligence technology, the structure block diagram of electricity consumption analysis is constructed to complete multivariable and multidimensional data storage and management. The initial cluster center is randomly selected from the sample data set to determine the distance between the sample point and the cluster center. Based on the reasonable evaluation index of electric power behavior, the analysis model of electric power consumption behavior is established. The data set is divided by similarity measure, the fuzzy weighted index is initialized, the membership matrix is initialized and updated, the objective function is calculated, and the types of data objects are determined according to the calculation results. Based on this, the user screening process for abnormal power consumption is designed. The k-means clustering algorithm is used to design the diagnostic analysis process, and the closed-loop diagnostic mechanism for abnormal electricity consumption such as stealing and leakage is studied. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively distinguish the normal operation mode from the abnormal operation mode of power consumers.
Enhanced photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activity of Copper oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Facile Combustion methods from Mussaendafrondosa Plant Extract
Authors: Babitha N. , Christy S. Rosy , Palani Geetha , Gurumoorthy M. , Kannan Karthik , Chithambaram V.
Published: August 2022

Microwave heating (MHM) and mutated sol-gel (SGM) mechanisms were used to effectively create CuO samples with two dissimilar morphologies, such as nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) and nanorods (CuO-NRs), using Mussaendafrondosalinn plant extract as the bio-reducing operator. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) investigations were used to analyze the sample's structure, pureness, and morphological characteristics. UV-Visible diffuse reflectance (DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy methodologies were used to analyze optical properties and calculate bandgap energy. The bandgap of the samples was measured using the Kubelka-Munk mechanism, and it was found to be 2.74eV and 2.33eV for CuO-NPs and CuO-NRs, correspondingly. CuO-NPs and CuO-NRs were investigated for antibacterial activity versus each Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms using a modified disc diffusion method. When correlated to the sample CuO nanorods, the antibacterial study confirms that the sample CuO nanoparticles are high-grade antibacterial agents. Using solar lighting, the photocatalytic activity of CuO nano-reactants (CuO-NPs and CuO-NRs) for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye was investigated, and the findings revealed that CuO-NPs with tinier particle sizes degraded MB more than CuONRs.
Kinetic regularities of the formation of composite electrolytic coatings containing ultradispersed diamond particles
Authors: Tytarenko V.V. , Zabludovsky V.O. , Shtapenko E.Ph. , Tytarenko I.V.
Published: August 2022

The paper formulates the problem of joint electrolytic co-deposition of metal ions and ultradispersed diamond particles into a metal matrix. It presents the developed mathematical model that describes the mechanism and kinetics of the cathode process, mass transfer of metal ions and ultradispersed diamond particles. A satisfactory correlation with experimental data was obtained. The contribution of the thermal action of laser radiation to the intensification of the process of co-deposition of dispersed particles and metal ions was determined. It was found that the more intense penetration of dispersed phase particles into the forming coating during the laser stimulation of the electrodeposition process is due to the presence of a temperature gradient, which provides an additional supply of metal ions in the irradiation region. Based on the theoretical and experimental studies, we established the regularities of the influence of the number and size of nanoparticles on the strengthening properties of composite metal coatings. It was found that an increase in the temperature of an aqueous electrolyte solution in the cathode region during a laser-stimulated deposition process leads to an increase in the flux density of ultradispersed diamond particles, and, as a result, to an increase in the concentration of the dispersed phase in nickel composite coatings, which contributes to the formation of a finer crystalline structure of coatings, an improvement in adhesion, strength properties and increased wear resistance of coatings.
Cortical Changes as a Result of Sports Injuries: A Short Commentary
Authors: Vélez-Gutiérrez Jorge Mario , Petro Jorge L. , Aburto-Corona Jorge A. , Vargas-Molina Salvador , Kreider Richard B. , Bonilla Diego A.
Published: August 2022

Currently, the treatment for the central nervous system (CNS) and neurocognitive fluctuations as a result of sports injuries is considered a relatively uncovered area under the sports neuroscience paradigm. For example, the compensatory neural changes (e.g., brain cortical changes) and the cognitive load can create a feedforward loop that affects recovery and relapse after a musculoskeletal injury. Although several methodologies have been promoted (e.g., brain mapping systems, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility), neuromuscular deficits are frequently non-assessed and non-intervened during rehabilitation practices. Here we present an up-to-date description of the most relevant CNS changes after injury, the concept of somatotopic maps, and their relationship with motor control, intracortical inhibition, and cortical facilitation processes. Neuroplasticity strategies beyond the traditional structural-based approaches on the injured tissue are also covered; however, further research is needed to establish evidence-based recommendations for sports professionals.
A history of coronaviruses
Authors: Lalchhandama Kholhring
Published: August 2022

The history of coronaviruses is an account of the discovery of coronaviruses and the diseases they cause. It starts with a report of a new type of upper-respiratory tract disease among chickens in North Dakota, US, in 1931. The causative agent was identified as a virus in 1933. By 1936, the disease and the virus were recognised as unique from other viral diseases. The virus became known as infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), but later officially renamed as Avian coronavirus. A new brain disease of mice (murine encephalomyelitis) was discovered in 1947 at Harvard Medical School in Boston. The virus was called JHM (after Harvard pathologist John Howard Mueller). Three years later a new mouse hepatitis was reported from the National Institute for Medical Research in London. The causative virus was identified as mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), later renamed Murine coronavirus. In 1961, a virus was obtained from a school boy in Epsom, England, who was suffering from common cold. The sample, designated B814, was confirmed as novel virus in 1965. New common cold viruses (assigned 229E) collected from medical students at the University of Chicago were also reported in 1966. Structural analyses of IBV, MHV, B18 and 229E using transmission electron microscopy revealed that they all belong to the same group of viruses. Making a crucial comparison in 1967, June Almeida and David Tyrrell invented the collective name coronavirus, as all those viruses were characterised by solar corona-like projections (called spikes) on their surfaces. Other coronaviruses have been discovered from pigs, dogs, cats, rodents, cows, horses, camels, Beluga whales, birds and bats. As of 2022, 52 species are described. Bats are found to be the richest source of different species of coronaviruses. All coronaviruses originated from a common ancestor about 293 million years ago. Zoonotic species such as Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a variant of SARS-CoV, emerged during the past two decades and caused the first pandemics of the 21st century.
Intensified training before Olympic-distance triathlon in recreational triathletes: “Less pain, more gain”
Authors: Zarranz-Domench Xabier , Garcia-Tabar Ibai , Lizarazu Juan C. , Ruesta Maite , Gorostiaga Esteban M.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To examine 1) the contribution of physiological performance variables to Olympic-distance (OD) triathlon performance, and 2) the links between an 8-wk intensified training plus competition preceding the main OD triathlon race and the changes in the physiological status in triathletes.

Study Design

An observational longitudinal study.

Methods

Endurance performance variables during maximal incremental running and cycling tests, and average velocity during an all-out 400-m swimming performance test (V400) were assessed before (T1) and after (T2) the intensified training in 7 recreational-level triathletes.

Results

Overall main OD triathlon time was extremely largely (r = −0.94; P = 0.01) correlated with peak running velocity (PRV). Best correlation magnitude between exercise modes' partial race times and the corresponding specific physiological criterion tests was observed for swimming (r = −0.97; P < 0.001). Improvement in V400 (2.9%), PRV (1.5%) and submaximal running blood lactate concentration (17%) was observed along the training period, whereas no changes were observed in the cycling endurance performance variables. Higher volume of training plus competition at high intensity zones during cycling, running and swimming were associated with lower improvements or declines in their corresponding exercise mode-specific criterion performance variables (r = 0.81–0.90; P = 0.005–0.037).

Conclusion

Results indicate that: 1) PRV is highly associated with overall OD triathlon performance, and 2) spending much time at high relative intensities during swimming, cycling or running may lead, in a dose-response manner, to lower improvements or decreases on those exercise-specific physiological performance variables. This may favor the emergence of overreaching or diminished performance.
Imaginar Angola: o nascimento de uma nação no cinema
Authors: Piçarra Maria do Carmo
Published: August 2022

Quarenta anos após a independência de Angola e de um investimento inicial que visou pôr o cinema ao serviço de um programa político e cultural nacional, existe uma cinematografia angolana? Entre aqueles que julgam que sim está José Mena Abrantes, que, em Angola, o nascimento de uma nação. Vol. 3 O cinema da independência, intitulou o capítulo de sua autoria “Cinema angolano. Um passado com o futuro sempre adiado”. Mas se a memória do cinema dos pioneiros, que nasceu, com a nação, a partir de uma política cultural desenhada por Luandino Vieira, e a arrancada do início do milénio continuam a fazer acreditar num futuro para esta cinematografia, o autodesignado “cinema da poeira” – ou “cinema do gueto” –, que tem Nollywood como modelo, pode agora ser pensado como a forma de expressão dominante quanto à produção de filmes em Angola?
O processo de mediatização e a emergência do capitalismo de vigilância
Authors: Figueiras Rita
Published: August 2022

O artigo debate a relação entre a mediatização e o capitalismo, a partir do conceito de “capitalismo de vigilância” cunhado por Shoshana Zuboff. Este conceito descreve uma nova lógica económica ancorada na monetização de dados comportamentais, em que empresas vendem e compram o acesso em tempo real ao fluxo da vida quotidiana para influenciar e modificar o comportamento dos indivíduos em busca de lucro. Esta subespécie emergente do capitalismo está relacionada com o processo de mediatização social, uma vez que as sociedades contemporâneas podem ser caracterizadas por um aumento geral da importância dos media em variadas dimensões da vida, com as rotinas diárias profundamente entrelaçadas nos media móveis – nomeadamente, smartphones, tablets, redes Wi-Fi e contas em redes sociais. Isto significa que os indivíduos produzem quantidades crescentes de informação sobre si e o seu comportamento, e à medida que mais áreas da vida social dependem de processos de mediação digital, mais sectores da sociedade se adaptam e são dependentes das tecnologias. Ou seja, a vigilância empresarial criou um sistema de extração de lucros constituído por recolha e análise sistemática de dados para capturar o consumidor digital. Este artigo parte do modelo abstrato sobre as dinâmicas do capitalismo, teorizado por Rosa et al. (2017), para debater a indispensabilidade dos media para a estabilização dinâmica do capitalismo. Como a sua estabilidade é precária, o capitalismo precisa de aceleração permanente para atingir novos níveis de estabilidade e neste ensaio teórico defende-se que a mediatização desempenha um papel acelerador na escalada do capitalismo de vigilância, ao mesmo tempo que, deste modo, garante a sua estabilização social. Neste contexto, o termo “acelerador” deve ser entendido como uma condição prévia funcional para uma aceleração contínua.
Suicídio nos media: Perceção dos estudantes de jornalismo sobre as regras para uma cobertura responsável do suicídio
Authors: Ribeiro Eudora
Published: August 2022

A Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) tem vindo a alertar que os profissionais dos media assumem uma grande responsabilidade quando noticiam suicídios e dezenas de estudos internacionais têm apontado para consequências nos comportamentos suicidários da população na sequência da cobertura noticiosa do suicídio. Pela primeira vez no ano 2000, a OMS divulgou um conjunto de diretrizes para a cobertura mediática do suicídio, tendo vindo a atualizar aquelas orientações. Contudo, o tema do suicídio e as diretrizes internacionais para uma cobertura responsável do tema parecem não constar dos programas de formação dos jornalistas. O presente estudo exploratório teve o objetivo de averiguar a perceção dos estudantes de jornalismo em Portugal, a frequentar as instituições de ensino de Lisboa, relativamente às notícias sobre suicídio, aferir se conhecem as regras para uma cobertura responsável do tema e verificar se existem diferenças entre os alunos do 1º e 3º anos, estes últimos finalistas e prestes a entrar no mercado de trabalho. Foram validados 248 questionários, 157 do 1º ano e 91 do 3º ano. A maioria dos estudantes de jornalismo sondados manifestou desconhecimento das melhores práticas de elaboração de notícias responsáveis sobre suicídio, demonstrando também pouca sensibilidade relativamente às questões que o tema coloca. Neste sentido, será importante consciencializar as instituições de ensino para a necessidade de abordar o assunto e ensinar as diretrizes a seguir aos futuros jornalistas e profissionais dos media.
‘Their two cents worth’: Exploring user agency in readers’ comments in online news media
Authors: Milioni Dimitra L. , Vadratsikas Konstantinos , Papa Venetia
Published: August 2022

This paper explores the assumption that user-generated content in mass media websites gives audiences greater power over influencing news making. Employing a content analysis of readers’ comments in various Greek online mass media, the study examines whether commenters assume any of the core journalistic functions regarding news production, in terms of setting the agenda, providing original information, and airing oppositional views on reported issues. From a public sphere perspective, it also examines the degree of diversity of users’ opinions within media outlets. The results suggest that whereas users challenge journalistic viewpoints to some extent, this type of audience participation is not likely to render audiences co-producers of news content in significant ways or offer opportunities for cross-cutting political exchanges.
Fragmentación de audiencias juveniles en un ambiente comunicativo multimedial: el caso colombiano
Authors: Arango-Forero German Antonio
Published: August 2022

La fragmentación de audiencias ha sido un concepto utilizado recurrentemente para referir los cambios en los comportamientos de los consumidores de medios, bajo la dinámica de la comunicación digital referida al siglo XXI. Sin embargo, muy pocos trabajos empíricos se han orientado a explicar y entender este fenómeno en profundidad. El presente artículo de investigación revisa los alcances e implicaciones del concepto y revela los principales hallazgos sobre el fenómeno de la fragmentación, mediante un trabajo empírico realizado en Colombia, con jóvenes entre 17 y 24 años de edad, residentes en los diez centros urbanos más importantes del país.
Literacia mediática: Práticas e competências de adultos em formação na Grande Lisboa
Authors: Lopes Paula
Published: August 2022

Será que os adultos em formação na Grande Lisboa retratam o país de consumos informativos tipicamente baixos, de que falavam Hallin e Mancini em 2004? Será que se mantêm os baixos níveis de interesse pelas notícias afirmados por José Rebelo e a sua equipa de investigadores, em 2008? Será que, na utilização de internet, a prática mais comum entre estes adultos é a gestão de emails, como revelado pelo Observatório da Comunicação em 2012? E será que os efeitos da exposição aos media (old e new media ) condicionam as competências de literacia mediática dos indivíduos?
Este texto apresenta alguns resultados do projeto de investigação “Literacia mediática e cidadania. Práticas e competências de adultos em formação na Grande Lisboa”, desenvolvido no Centro de Investigação e Estudos de Sociologia (CIES), entre 2009 e 2013, e enquadrado no Programa de Doutoramento em Sociologia do ISCTE-IUL. Algumas pistas: os resultados mostram uma clara divisão entre gerações no acesso à informação e que apenas uma minoria gera conteúdos e participa publicamente online.
Use of blogs, Twitter and Facebook by UK PhD Students for Scholarly Communication
Authors: Zhu Yimei , Procter Rob
Published: August 2022

This study explores scholarly use of social media by PhD students through a mix-method approach of qualitative interviews and a case study of #phdchat conversation. Social media tools, such as blogs, Twitter and Facebook, can be used by PhD students and early career researchers to promote their professional profiles, disseminate their work to a wider audience quickly, and gain feedback and support from peers across the globe. There are also difficulties and potential problems such as the lack of standards and incentives, the risks of ideas being stolen, lack of knowledge of how to start and maintain using social media tool and the potential need to invest significant amount of time and effort. We found that respondents employed various strategies to maximize the impact of their scholarly communication practice.
Shear characteristics of the rock/cemented tailings interface exposed to sulfate attack
Authors: Fang Kun , Fall Mamadou
Published: August 2022

A clear understanding and accurate assessment of the mechanical properties of the interface between backfill material and the adjacent rock mass is paramount to a safe and economical design of cemented paste backfill (CPB) structures. With the CPB being a cementitious material, sulfate compounds prevalent in the mining environment may affect the shear characteristics of the CPB–rock interface. However, there are currently no research studies on the long-term shear behaviour of the CPB–rock interface exposed to sulfate attack, although CPB often contains a relatively large amount of sulfate ions. This paper presents and discusses the findings obtained through experimental investigation of the impact of the initial sulfate concentration in CPB on the shear characteristics of the interface between rock and CPB cured for long durations. The obtained results show that sulfate considerably influences the long-term shear strength and behaviour of the interface. Sulfate can either negatively or positively alter the shear properties of the mature CPB–rock interface due to the competition between the processes that reduce or increase the strength at the interface. The dominant process is a function of the initial sulfate content and the curing time.
Suicídio e redes sociais. Aproximações ao tema no Facebook, Instagram e YouTube
Authors:   CECS – Centro de Estudos de Comunicação e Sociedade, Rodrigues Costa Pedro , Araújo Rita ,   CECS – Centro de Estudos de Comunicação e Sociedade
Published: August 2022

O suicídio está no topo das causas de morte no mundo desenvolvido. Vários estudos estabelecem uma relação entre a cobertura mediática do suicídio e o aumento de suicídios e outros entre comportamentos auto-lesivos, tentativas de suicídio e usos de redes digitais. Assim, este estudo visou perceber a presença da palavra “suicídio” no Facebook, no Instagram e no YouTube. Analisando quantitativamente a presença da palavra “suicídio”, escrita em português, nestas três redes sociais, estudamos o modo como o suicídio está presente e quais as associações que estabelece. Concluímos que nos novos media urge investir em estratégias de anulação de possíveiscontágios e imitações do fenómeno, promovendo mais o “efeito de Papageno” e menos o “efeito de Werther”.
Importance of edible wild plants in world food security: The case of Turkey
Authors: Sefa Akbulut
Published: August 2022

Production in industrial agriculture is under threat in the near future due to air pollution, excessive consumption, and climate change. Commercial production of traditional products is significant for the continuity of product diversity. Edible wild plants are usually collected from the wild and consumed for local needs. However, there are not enough initiatives for the cultivation of these plants. Turkey, which is very rich in point of biological diversity, is among the lucky countries in this regard. An important part of approximately 12000 plants in its flora is consumed as a food source by traditional methods. In this study, a list of 76 plants belonging to 34 families that are widely consumed for food purposes in Turkey is given.
Review on comparative genome mapping in crop improvement
Authors: Zewdu Asrat , Mastewal Gojjam
Published: August 2022

Comparative genomics is the study of the similarities and differences in the structure and function of hereditary information across taxa. The objective of this study was to highlight the role of comparative mapping in crop improvement. Hence, the study encompasses comparative genomics over the past two decades, multiple investigations of many additional taxa have delivered two broad messages: multiple investigations of many additional taxa have delivered two broad messages: In most plants, the evolution of the small but essential portion of the genome that actually encodes the organism’s genes has proceeded relatively slowly; as a result, taxa that have been reproductively isolated for millions of years have retained recognizable intragenic DNA sequences as well as similar arrangements of genes along the chromosomes. A wide range of factors, such as ancient chromosomal or segmental duplications, mobility of DNA sequences, gene deletion, and localized rearrangements, has been superimposed on the relatively slow tempo of chromosomal evolution. Comparative genomics is the study of the similarities and differences in the structure and function of hereditary information across taxa. The objective of this study was to highlight the role of comparative mapping in crop improvement. Hence, the study encompasses comparative genomics over the past two decades, multiple investigations of many additional taxa have delivered two broad messages: multiple investigations of many additional taxa have delivered two broad messages: In most plants, the evolution of the small but essential portion of the genome that actually encodes the organism’s genes has proceeded relatively slowly; as a result, taxa that have been reproductively isolated for millions of years have retained recognizable intragenic DNA sequences as well as similar arrangements of genes along the chromosomes. A wide range of factors, such as ancient chromosomal or segmental duplications, mobility of DNA sequences, gene deletion, and localized rearrangements, has been superimposed on the relatively slow tempo of chromosomal evolution.