bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical Profiling of Polysaccharides Present in Peels of Citrus
limetta and Bioassay based Screening of in vitro Antioxidant Activities
Authors: ADHIKARI DIPAN , GHOSH TUHIN
Published: August 2020

In this analyses, the chemical compositions of polysaccharides isolated from the peels of Citrus limetta had been studied and discussed its
antioxidant activity of different active fractions. To emphasize the chemical structure of polysaccharides, a rhamnoglucan polysaccharide
was identified with probable ester linked phenolic acid. The sugar composition and purification by size exclusion chromatography (SEC)
has been presented. The antioxidant capacities of the extracts prepared from Citrus limetta peel powder were determined using well
known in vitro systems and standard procedure for ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•),
2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid) (ABTS•+), hydroxyl radical (OH•), nitric oxide (NO) assay, total antioxidant activity
(TAA) and metal chelation property. The rhamnoglucan (A) present exhibited the highest bioactivity potentiality succeeded by traces of
uronic acid and galactan. From the investigation, it could be emphasized that water extracted polysaccharide, which brings forth potent
pharmacological activities figures out the importance as alternative natural compounds as to-be-exploited leads for low-cost sources of
efficient bioactive molecules with strong antioxidant activities in different pharmaceutical and cosmoceutical formulations.
Perfil histopatológico e molecular do câncer de mama em mulheres assistidas em centro de oncologia do Agreste Pernambucano
Authors: Souza Juliana Lane Pacheco de , Oliveira Larissa Giselly de Menêses , Silva Ruan Carlos Gomes da , Peres Adrya Lucia
Published: August 2020

O câncer de mama é a neoplasia maligna mais comum entre as mulheres no Brasil, sendo uma das principais causas de morte por câncer feminino. A avaliação dos parâmetros prognósticos, como subtipo histológico e presença de biomarcadores, é fundamental, tendo a imuno-histoquímica um importante papel, com consequentes melhorias no tratamento. O presente estudo objetivou determinar o perfil histopatológico e molecular do câncer de mama em mulheres assistidas em centro de oncologia. Trata-se de um estudo documental, analítico e retrospectivo, que utilizou prontuários de mulheres com câncer de mamaatendidas em um centro de oncologia do Agreste Pernambucano, nos anos de 2014 a 2016. O estudo contou com 180 prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer de mama. Observou-se uma prevalência de mulheres pardas (81,66%), casadas (53,33%) e com idade maior que 45 anos (81,66%). Com relação à classificação histopatológica, houve uma maior predominância do carcinoma ductal invasivo grau 2 (54,05%). Quanto ao subtipo molecular, o luminal B-HER2 negativo foi o mais frequente, representando 34,48% dos casos, seguido do luminal A, com 25%. O diagnóstico de carcinoma ductal invasivo foi mais prevalente na idade entre 51 e 60 anos (26,3%) e grande parte das mulheres com este diagnóstico (35,05%)possuíam o subtipo molecular luminal B-HER2(-). Os dados obtidos revelaram que a idade elevada, raça/cor parda, baixo nível de escolaridade, estado civil casada, exame histopatológico evidenciando carcinoma ductal invasivo e exame imuno-histoquímico revelando subtipo molecular luminal B-HER2(-) estavam entre as características mais frequentes nas mulheres com câncer de mama na região.
Liberação miofascial na prevenção de lesão muscular: relato de caso
Authors: Dias Junior Julio Cesar
Published: August 2020

A fáscia é uma estrutura formada de tecido conjuntivo, que envolve os músculos e pode sofrer aderências diminuindo o deslizamento dos tecidos. A liberação miofascial é uma técnica de pressão em partes do corpo que tende a melhorar a vascularização, maleabilidade, relaxamento dos tecidos, facilitando a mobilidade. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi testar a utilização da liberação miofascial na prevenção lesões musculares em um atleta de futebol amador. O relato de caso foi com um atleta de futebol amador, 36 anos, com lesões recorrentes em membros inferiores e apresentando grande desgaste físico e dores musculares, avaliado através de anamnese e exame físico, escalas: Borg e visual analógica para exaustão física e dor. Foi implementado a liberação miofascial instrumentada, uma vez na semana, por 60 minutos nos músculos dos membros inferiores. Os resultados apresentaram que após a terapia o atleta relatou melhora nas dores musculares, no cansaço físico e não apresentou mais lesões musculares. Alguns estudos mostram que não há melhora da força muscular após a prática da liberação miofascial, porém mostrou-se efetivo na melhora significativa da flexibilidade e consequentemente na recuperação funcional dos músculos. Concluí-se que neste caso, a liberação miofascial foi eficaz na melhora recuperação muscular, da flexibilidade, da força, prevenindo lesões.
Análise de Redes Sociais: a formação de grupos do Facebook frente à epidemia da COVID-19 no Brasil
Authors: De Paula Fabio Rocha , Mello Marcia Gomide da Silva
Published: August 2020

Diversas epidemias ao longo da história já trouxeram mortes e agravos à saúde da humanidade e, mais recentemente o mundo experimenta os efeitos de uma nova pandemia a COVID-19. Esta se diferencia de tantas outras pelo fato de estar ocorrendo em um período no qual a população mundial vivencia a era da tecnologia das mídias sociais em que a velocidade do fluxo de informação é instantânea. A mídia social Facebook possui milhares de usuários em sua plataforma que através de grupos compartilham diversos conteúdos relacionados ao coronavírus. Com o objetivo de aplicar a teoria da Análise de Redes Sociais (ARS), avaliou-se a possibilidade de utilização deste instrumental na compreensão da formação de grupos do Facebook no auxílio a possíveis políticas públicas em saúde nesse momento de epidemia no Brasil. Com caráter descritivo, foram pesquisados grupos no Facebook que apresentam características de postagens relacionadas ao coronavírus ou a COVID-19. Verificou-se que os assuntos informação, solidariedade e educação foram os que mais se evidenciaram entre a formação dos grupos pesquisados. Mesmo com a limitação de análise sugere-se que a utilização da ARS, mostra-se elemento de compreensão às necessidades da população a serem utilizadas como alicerces às políticas públicas em saúde no Brasil nesse momento, tendo as mídias sociais papel relevante num mundo cada vez mais conectado.
O uso de substâncias psicoativas entre adolescentes e a estratégia de redução de danos: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Bombardelli Letícia Ribeiro , Ceolin Silvana , Weber Vera Beatriz Pinto Zimmermann
Published: August 2020

O uso de substâncias psicoativas entre os adolescentes cresce progressivamente no Brasil e no mundo. Este estudo objetivou conhecer as estratégias de redução de danos e seus possíveis obstáculos, apresentados na literatura nacional. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, utilizando artigos científicos. A coleta de dados foi realizada em março de 2019, nas bases eletrônicas Google Acadêmico e LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), utilizado o sinônimo “redução de danos” e o descritor “adolescente”, com o operador boleano “and”. Foram analisados 13 artigos e organizados em três categorias: “A fase da adolescência e o uso de substâncias psicoativas”, “Redução de danos” e “Papel do enfermeiro”. Evidenciou-se a importância da abordagem do adolescente quanto a temática na escola, incluindo educadores, pais, profissionais de saúde e a comunidade em geral. São necessários programas e práticas humanizadas, adequados ao contexto em que se inserem, que considerem as singularidades dos seus usuários e não enfatizem somente a substância.
Incidência da Doença Meningocócica no Rio Grande do Sul entre 2014 a 2018
Authors: Heuert Adriana , Soares Ana Lise Barbosa , Silveira Marcelle Moura
Published: August 2020

A doença meningocócica é uma doença infecciosa aguda associada à altas taxas de letalidade e morbidade. Em 2010, o Brasil foi o primeiro país da América Latina a introduzir a vacina contra meningite C no Programa Nacional de Imunização e apesar dos números de casos associados à doença terem reduzido significativamente em crianças menores de 2 anos de idade, público alvo da campanha de vacinação, os sorogrupos C e B ainda são os mais prevalentes no Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a incidência dos sorogrupos associados à doença meningocócica no Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados referentes à doença durante o período de 2014 a 2018 foram coletados do Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação. Nossos resultados demonstraram pela primeira vez que no Rio Grande do Sul o sorogrupo Y é o responsável pela maior incidência da doença meningocócica.
Epidemiology and the Impact of Therapies on the Outcome of COVID-19 in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Papa Alfredo , Gasbarrini Antonio , Tursi Antonio
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION:

It has been hypothesized that people suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, it is not known whether immunosuppressive therapies exacerbate the COVID-19 outcome.

METHODS:

We reviewed data on the prevalence and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with IBD.

RESULTS:

COVID-19 prevalence in patients with IBD was comparable with that in the general population. Therapies using antitumor necrosis factor-α agents have been associated with better clinical outcomes.

DISCUSSION:

Management and treatments provided by gastroenterologists were effective in reducing COVID-19 risk. Antitumor necrosis factor-α agents seem to mitigate the course of COVID-19.
The Use of Infographics to Enhance Reading Comprehension Skills among Learners
Authors: López Cupita Lorena Andrea , Puerta Franco Laura Milena
Published: August 2020

This article describes a pedagogical intervention carried out at a public university in Colombia. A total of 26 psychology students, aged between 19 and 26 years old, taking English classes for academic purposes, and in their fourth semester, participated in this study. This intervention was implemented for an academic semester and aimed to help learners develop their English reading skills—from literal to critical comprehension of short academic texts— through the use of infographics, which are visual tools that combine texts and graphs to help users communicate information. Teachers used students’ infographics to assess their understanding of short academic texts in English, and they interviewed students to learn their opinions on the intervention. Further, teachers implemented a colour-coding technique in interview transcripts to show relevant patterns in the student opinions. This data analysis indicated that the students clearly understood the ideas from the texts because they were able to go beyond reading to dynamise information in the infographics while using the visual aids as mediators in expressing their ideas. In conclusion, the infographics were beneficial in developing the students’ reading skills. They presented an opportunity for the students to paraphrase main ideas from the texts and represent their understanding of the readings. In addition, this pedagogical intervention was useful for teachers because it enabled them to explore reading comprehension using a new strategy that might be helpful in English classes.
Quejas y expectativas de estudiantes de licenciatura en lenguas extranjeras frente a las clases de inglés: estudio de caso desde el análisis crítico del discurso
Authors: Quiroz Posada Ruth Elena , Díaz Monsalve Ana Elsy
Published: August 2020

Se exponen los resultados de un proyecto de investigación en el aula como estudio de caso, en el que se indagó a un grupo de estudiantes por situaciones vividas en las clases de inglés. Se identificaron en ellas sus quejas y sus expectativas; se implementó un taller total (Egg, 1999) a fin de reconocer dichas situaciones. El tratamiento dado a la información recogida en las quejas y expectativas de los estudiantes, que consistió en el análisis crítico del discurso (Van Dijk, 2003) y su interpretación desde la pedagogía y la Teoría del Reconocimiento (Honneth, 1997), permitió revelar, más allá de los motivos por los cuales se quejaban, las características de la clase de inglés esperadas por los estudiantes, relacionadas con algunas categorías didácticas y las cualidades de los docentes de esta área conexas con el profesionalismo, la calidez y la interacción. La ausencia o escasez de tales características y cualidades esperadas respectivamente, dificulta el aprendizaje significativo en el inglés al no ofrecer a los estudiantes condiciones justas, indispensables para su proceso formativo de ciudadanos integrales y reconocidos en las dimensiones del amor, el derecho y la solidaridad.
Intercultural awareness and its misrepresentation in textbooks
Authors: Henao Mejía Edwin Alejandro , Gómez Salazar José Orlando , Murcia Yalí Jorge Heriberto
Published: August 2020

The role of culture and intercultural awareness in the language classroom is not a new area of research in ESL/EFL, and its relative importance has shifted in different approaches and methods of foreign language teaching. Today, the goal of some English textbooks has transcended a pure linguistic and language training orientation as text developers have moved towards also teaching intercultural awareness. The development of intercultural awareness was presented as a key component in ensuring the success of the latest Colombian National Bilingual Programme 2015-2025 (NBP), and the textbook series English, Please! was promoted as a breakthrough in this context. This article presents the research analysis and findings of an exploratory study based on the ambitious task set forth in the NBP policy on English textbooks. We examine the theoretical constructs adopted by the National Ministry of Education and by using, both quantitative and qualitative, analysis we explore the intercultural awareness activities presented in the series. At the end, we suggest that although the series is an important addition to existing materials in the area, it presents an overly reductionist and instrumentalist use of the concept of intercultural awareness.
Language Assessment Literacy and the Professional Development of Pre-Service Language Teachers
Authors: Giraldo Frank , Murcia Quintero Daniel
Published: August 2020

Language Assessment Literacy (LAL) research has focused on defining the knowledge, skills, and principles that the stakeholders involved in language assessment activities are required to master. However, there is scarce research on the relationship between LAL and the professional development of language teachers. Therefore, this exploratory action research study examined the impact of a language assessment course on pre-service teachers in a Colombian language teaching programme. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, teacher and researcher journals and class observations. The findings show that the course promoted theoretical, technical and operational dimensions in the language assessment design practices of the participants. In addition, it enhanced their LAL and professional development. Consequently, this study contends that the LAL course changed language assessment perceptions radically and encouraged pre-service teachers to design assessments conscientiously, a feature not explicitly stated in LAL research involving this group of stakeholders elsewhere.
Sperm binding to ZP2-coated beads improve the efficiency of porcine in vitro fertilisation
Authors: Gabriela Hamze Julieta , Jiménez-Movilla María , Romar Raquel
Published: August 2020

The role of specific zona pellucida (ZP) glycoproteins in gamete interaction has not yet been elucidated in many species. A recently developed 3D model based on magnetic sepharose beads (B) conjugated to recombinant ZP glycoproteins (BZP) and cumulus cells (CBZP) allows the study of isolated ZP proteins in gamete recognition studies. The objective of this work was to study the role of porcine ZP2, ZP3 and ZP4 proteins in sperm binding, cumulus cell adhesion and acrosome reaction triggering. ZP protein-bound beads were incubated with fresh ejaculated boar spermatozoa and isolated cumulus cells for 24 h. The number of sperm bound to the beads, the acrosomal shrouds (presence of acrosomal content) on the bead’s surface, and the acrosome integrity (by means of PNA-FITC lectin) in bound and unbound sperm were studied. Finally, in vitro matured porcine oocytes mixed with BZP2 were inseminated in vitro using fresh sperm and fertilisation results evaluated. Over 60% of beads had at least one sperm bound after 2 h of coincubation. ZP2-beads (BZP2) and cumulus-ZP2-bead complexes (CBZP2) reached the highest number of sperm per bead, whereas BZP3 and BZP4 models showed the highest number of unbound reacted sperm cells and acrosomal shrouds. Fertilisation efficiency and monospermy rate increased when oocytes were fertilised in the presence of BZP2. We, therefore, conclude that in pigs, it is mainly ZP2 that is involved in sperm-ZP binding whereas ZP3 and ZP4 induce acrosome reaction. Using magnetic sepharose ZP2-bound beads might be a valuable tool to improve the fertilisation rate in pigs.
Efecto de remesas de trabajadores sobre reservas internacionales, crecimiento económico e índice de tipo de cambio real en Honduras
Authors: Santos-Munguía Rene Javier , Pérez Juan Miguel
Published: August 2020

El estudio analiza el efecto de las remesas internacionales en Honduras sobre el índice mensual de actividad económica (IMAE) como una medida aproximada del crecimiento económico, las reservas internacionales y el índice de tipo de cambio efectivo real (Itcer). Con datos de series temporales con periodicidad mensual de diciembre de 2001 a diciembre de 2016, se formula un modelo del tipo vector autorregresivo (VAR) y se presentan resultados con figuras de la función impulso-respuesta (IFR). Los hallazgos muestran respuesta negativa del IMAE, Itcer y positiva de las reservas internacionales a mediano plazo.
Etnicidad, espacio y desarrollo humano en comunidades pobres urbanas: la comuna 6 en Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
Authors: Espinosa Espinosa Aaron Eduardo , Madero Jirado Maristella , Rodriguez Puello Gabriel Orlando , Díaz Canedo Luis Carlos
Published: August 2020

Cartagena de Indias registra la mayor exclusión social entre las principales ciudades colombianas. Este artículo evalúa el nivel de desarrollo humano y los determinantes de la pobreza en la comuna 6, donde predomina la población afrocolombiana. Con el marco analítico de pobreza urbana, capacidades y estructura de oportunidades, y una base ad hoc para estimar un modelo probit como estrategia empírica, se elabora un perfil de pobreza diferenciado para esta extensa zona, con un enfoque espacial. Los resultados muestran que las variables laborales, étnicas –con evidencia concluyente a favor de blancos– y capital social explican las privaciones en esta comuna.
Um “Mapa Estratégico” para o Marketing
Authors: Pimenta da Gama António , Casaca Joaquim A.
Published: August 2020

A  avaliação da performance de marketing é um tema vital em muitas empresas. Nesse contexto, uma questão fundamental consiste em como conceptualizar e operacionalizar, com rigor, os instrumentos que conduzam a formas mais holísticas e equilibradas de avaliar a performance de marketing, não apenas para efeitos de monitorização e melhoria, mas também para comunicar estratégias. Infelizmente, apesar da existência de um número crescente de métricas individualiza­das, os estudos de modelização do fenómeno apresentados na literatura são escassos e a grande maioria não é suportada empiricamente. O presente trabalho desenvolve e testa um modelo inte­grado de avaliação da performance de marketing baseado na filosofia e nos princípios do Balan­ced Scorecard. Os dados foram obtidos através de um questionário respondido por 107 empresas portuguesas. Os resultados, analisados com base no método de equações estruturais, confirmam a robustez teórica do modelo e sugerem a sua viabilidade para avaliar a atuação de marketing. Nesse sentido, este estudo constitui um aprofundamento da temática em causa e fornece um instrumento destinado a orientar a seleção de um conjunto relevante de indicadores que auxilie as empresas a basearem análises de tipo avaliativo e decisões sobre alocação de recursos.
The northernmost record of King’s Tree Iguana, Liolaemus kingii (Bell, 1843) (Reptilia, Liolaemidae), in Chile
Authors: Mella Jorge , Mella-Romero Jorge , Reyes Felipe , Muñoz Cristián
Published: August 2020

We report the presence of Liolaemus kingii (Bell, 1843) in Paso Río Frías, Villa La Tapera, Lago Verde, Aysén Region, Chile. The new record extends in 201 km the distribution range of this lizard and is the northernmost record to date in Chile. We highlight the importance of systematic fieldwork in Patagonian steppe to refine estimates of the number of reptile species in the Aysén Region.
3r practices for municipal solid waste management in Asia
Authors: Visvanathan C. , Adhikari Radha , Ananth A. Prem
Published: August 2020

Extraordinary emerging consumption statistics from the developing Asian countries hasclearly indicated the increase waste generation over the past decades. Most of the developingAsian countries are experiencing solid waste management problem in terms of collectionefficiency, disposal facilities, limited financial resources and weak policy interventions.Unlike developed nations, final disposal of solid waste in developing Asian countries isusually a matter of transporting the collected waste to the nearest available space for disposal.Moreover, sustainability of landfills has become a challenge in Asia due to variousconsiderations such as availability of space, technologies for gas capture and leachatetreatment, tropaical climatic condition and waste characteristics. Plastic and paper wastes aredominating due to rapid economic development. Treating waste as a resource is the first steptowards sustainable waste management and conserving resources. As for the biodegradablewaste, feasible treatment technologies such as composting and anaerobic digestion withattractive results have been established. The non-biodegradable waste fractions are to bemanaged by implementing the 3Rs: Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. This article attempts to givea picture of the ongoing 3R implementation in urban municipal solid waste management inAsian countries. It was observed that in most of Asian countries, informal activities highlydominate due to lack of funding, government initiation, lapse in policy and public ignoranceon waste management issues.
Advanced process for thermal treatment of wastewater sludge
Authors: Horttanainen Mika , Kaikko Juha , Bergman Riikka , Kakko Katja , Manninen Hanna-Mari , Marttila Esa
Published: August 2020

In addition to composting and anaerobic digestion, thermal treatment is one of the mostimportant treatment methods of wastewater sludge. There are special sludge incinerationplants, built for large volumes of wastewater sludge. Sludge is also burned with other fuels,especially in the forest industry. Energy from the combustion process is usually utilized asheat only or in combined heat and power production. Combustion diminishes the volume ofthe sludge by 80 to 96% depending on the moisture and ash content of the sludge. The delaytime of the material in the combustion process is a few seconds as opposed to several days inbiological processes. At the same time, all the pathogens are completely destroyed. Thechallenges in combustion are often related to the high moisture content of the sludge, whichcan cause problems to the stability of the combustion. Sludge can be dried thermally beforecombustion to avoid these problems.In this study, we introduce the modeling results of a sludge treatment process based onthermal drying and combustion. The process utilizes the released energy in distributedelectricity production.The process under review burns the dried sludge and produces high-pressure steam in anormal power plant process. The steam is led to the turbine where heat is converted tomechanical energy. After the backpressure turbine, the steam still contains a lot of thermalenergy. In the case study this heat is not used for district heating or industrial process heatingpurposes but utilized totally for sludge drying. One advantage of this process is that no heatload is required at the sludge treatment plant, often situated far from district heating networksor industry. The need for mechanical drying of sludge can also be optimized to save in thecosts of the mechanical drying facilities and energy. With the example case it is shown howthe pre-treatment, thermal drying and combustion should be designed to achieve a purelyelectricity producing process which does not need any other sources or consumption ofenergy.
Pilot-scale models of treatment of landfill leachates combined with urban wastewaters in a facultative lagoon
Authors: Orta-de- Velasquez Ma. Teresa , Rojas-Valencia Ma. Neftali , Monje-Ramirez Ignacio , Noguez Isaura Yanez
Published: August 2020

This study set out to determ ine the potential for treating leachates in combination withwastewater at Facultative Lagoons, a device normally used for treating raw wastewaters.Pi lot-scale models were used to simulate leachate treatment and disposal in a FacultativeLagoon (FL), combining 2.4 L/hr of raw wastewater with a leachate m ixture (comprising bothyoung and old leachates), in concentrations of 4%, 6%, and 1 0% (v/v). The solution ofleachate mixture in raw wastewater was then fed into the two pilot-scale models (MI andM2). The fol lowing parameters : concentration of algae; chlorophyll a, b and c; faecalcoliforms (FC); and heavy metals, were analyzed in all the three component stages: theunmixed wastewater; the old and young leachate mixture; and the combined wastewaterleachate mixture.As a 1 0% di lution was found not to impede correct functioning of the Model FacultativeLagoon, the same concentration was tried out using urban wastewaters from the UniversityWastewater Treatment Plant (UWTP).Interval values of BODs and COD in the wastewater and in the leachate mixture were 45-875mg/L and 307-5,763 mg/L respectively, and results showed that a I 0% concentration ofleachates combined with wastewater does not upset the system of biological treatment. Noneof the m ixtures affected the population of algae. Maximum removal efficiency of BOD5 was75%, and 35% for COD, therefore leav ing a BOD5 level of less than 25 mg/L in the efflouentfrom the FL. The removal of BOD5 and COD from the U WTP was greater still, 86% and64%, respectively. FC and heavy metal concentrationso: As (0.007 mg/L), Cd (0.02 mg/L), Cu(<0.0 l mg/L), Cr ( 0.04 mg/L), Hg (o<0.00027 mg/L), Ni ( 0.15 mg/L), Pb (0.098 mg/L), CN(0.02 13 mg/L) and Zn (0.05 mg/L), were all below the maximums establ ished by the MexicanFederal Regulation for Re-use of Wastewater in Agricultural Irrigation (NOM-ECOL-00 1 -1 996).
Utilization of the treatment plant's sludge as a glass
Authors: Piskin Mehmet Burcin , Tugrul Nurcan , Derun Emek Moroydor , Turkkal Ihsan Mert
Published: August 2020

In this study, physical and chemical characteristic of the treatment sludge obtained byBergama- Ovac1k treatment plant and the possibility to evaluate them in glass industry wereinvestigated, In this treatment plant, 277,882 tons of sludge is annually produced. Thechemical composition of the waste sludge's is determined by gravimetric method and it isexamined by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier TransformInfrared Spectrophotometer (FT-IR) equipments. The chemical composition of the treatmentsludge showed that it is potential to be used in a glass industry to produce Borosilicate glassand Flat glass with the addition of chemical substances. In order to examine the compositionof the samples, their analyses were made by (FT-IR) and (XRF) equipments,
Assessment of performance characteristics of some constructed wetlands in Nepal
Authors: Murthy V. Krishna , Khanal Sanjay Nath , Majumder Ahmad Kamruzzaman , Weiss Aharon , Shrestha Deepika , Maharjan Shovana
Published: August 2020

Surface water pollution is one of the serious environmental problems in urban centers ofNepal due to the discharge of untreated wastewater. Almost all conventional type wastewaterplants are not functioning well and practically not sustainable due to lack of regularmaintenance and high operation cost. To overcome this, Constructed Wetland (CW)technology for wastewater treatment arises as alternative technology in Nepal. Now, there are12 sub-surface flow CW systems in operation all over the country.This study aims to checking the efficiency and performance evaluation of three CW located atvarious locations in Nepal. The performance evaluation was conducted through collection ofwastewater samples from inlet and outlet sources of treatment plants and measuringsignificant water qualities determining physical and chemical parameters such as BiochemicalOxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Hydrogen ion concentration(pH), Conductivity, Phosphorus, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)and Total Solids (TS).The CW systems were found efficiently removing and reducing different pollutionparameters. Performance of CW system were excellent for Kathmandu University (KU) andMalpi International School (Malpi) where the efficiency levels ranged between 82% to 96%for BOD, 68% to 85% for COD, 91 % to 99% for TSS, 60% to 83% for TDS and for TS 84%to 92%. The performance efficiency was relatively lower for Thimi Community ScaleWastewater Treatment Plant (Thimi) where the efficiency levels was 56% for BOD, 64% forCOD, 17% for Conductivity, 88% for TSS, 59% for TDS and 80% for TS. The results showthat, the CW systems are useful and efficient for waste water treatment in growing urbanareas. They are cost effective and easy to maintain. It is recommended that CW system couldbe replicate in other growing urban areas.
Phytoremediation technologies applicable to aquatic requirement (an overview)
Authors: Stolberg Felix , Zadniprovska Anastasiia
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this paper is to provide a concise discussion of the processes associated withthe use of water phytoremediation as a cleanup or containment technique for remediation ofcontaminated water bodies. The different fonns of water phytoremediation are defined andtheir applications are discussed. The types of contaminants that are appropriate forphytoremediation are summarized. lnfonnation is provided on the types of vegetation that canbe used in water phytoremediation. The advantages and disadvantages of phytoremediationmethods are discussed too.
Development and application of landfill pretreatment technologies for Asia
Authors: Basnayake B. F. A. , Visvanathan C.
Published: August 2020

Most of the local authorities in Sri Lanka and in most parts of Asia has resorted to opendumping or controlled dumping of wastes wherein lands are becoming a limited resource,Landfill pretreatment technologies prolong the life of landfills and thus, the research focusedon improvements to existing and new inventions, Many composting methods: windrows,static piles of different methods and aerobic reactors were tested and experimented, In takingadvantage of energy extractions, anaerobic digesters with up and downward flow wascompared, Furthermore new designs of horizontal hydrolytic/acidogenic reactor and a hybridsystem were developed and tested, In both biological transfonnations, process conditionswere optimized kinetically, Small windrows and static piles did not satisfy WHO standards,However, mixing ten-day old wastes with raw wastes has stabilized the decomposing wasterapidly, Mass and volume reductions were 56% and 67%, respectively, Even in large scaleapplications, windrows and static piles were too costly, In comparison, Inclined Step Grate(ISG) performed best It can also be used for maturing and aerating remaining fibres fromanaerobic digestion, The fibre removals from the first stage vertical anaerobic digesters wereposing numerous problems, including prolonged mass retention times (MRT), In thesereactors, it was deduced that downward movement of elute (leachate) was better than up flowand that the horizontal reactor after many modifications proved to be versatile, The reactorwas optimized by following the kinetic analysis that seven days were required to stabilize thereactor and every three days feeding gave 2,6 times the concentration of TDS compared todaily feeding, It reached equilibrium in less than two weeks and it was operated continuously,The hybrid system being developed at Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) seems promisingwith specific methane yields of 140,35 and 62,55 L CH4/kg VS generated for loading rate Iand 2 kgYS/m3, respectively
High solid anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Mukherjee Somnath , Devotta Sukumar
Published: August 2020

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is viewed as an attractive method for waste stabilization prior tolandfills as pre-treatment to reduce significant pollution load to the environment Optimizinganaerobic digestion process aims to maximize organic waste conversion to biogas at shortdigestion period, The optimization of high solid concentration of MSW in a laboratory scalereactor was carried out to know the maximum biogas production yield,This paper presents the findings of the study on high solid AD process in single whichinvolves enhanced pre-stage (hydrolysis and acidification) and methane phase,
Emissions from landfill fires and fires in storage of waste
Authors: Lönnermark Anders
Published: August 2020

Recent restrictions regarding landfills and handling of waste, have led to a new storagesituation for a number of different types of storages of waste, ranging from existing landfillsto temporary storages. This also means that new fire risks have evolved. The fires meanseveral different problems: economic losses, stop in operation (which in addition to economiceffects can affect other parties), risk for fire spread to other premises, etc. Other importantissues are health and environmental effects of waste fires.In this paper, a number of fires and fire tests involving different types of stored waste arepresented and discussed. Measured or estimated yields of emissions are presented andcompared. A series of fire tests involving electrical and electronics waste (EE waste) and usedtyres, performed in varied configurations, is described in more detail with example of resultsfrom gas analysis and analysis of runoff water. Clearly, as restrictions on emissions fromcontrolled combustion are regulated and reduced, emissions from fires will becomeincreasingly important from an environmental point of view.
Preliminary treatability test of a non-conventional industrial wastewater in the wood sector: cod and formalin reduction
Authors: Kaczala Fabio , Marques Marcia , Hogland William
Published: August 2020

Industrial activities commonly discharge a broad range of synthetic compounds directly intowater recipients without previous treatment. Despite the existence of available technologiesfor industrial wastewater treatment, better understanding of treatment processes is stillrequired, since these waters are relatively complex and usually contain either persistent orrecalcitrant compounds. Treatment systems with low costs of implementation, operation andmaintenance as well as energy and labor saving processes ought to be developed. Biologicaltreatment systems are potentially good options to meet these requirements. In this study, apreliminary investigation in lab scale was carried out with a Sequencing Batch Reactor -SBRused to treat a non-conventional industrial wastewater generated by a wood-floor industry,located in Nybro, Sweden. The study focused on: (i) formalin reduction in aqueous phase and;(ii) COD reduction. The proposed SBR reached a high efficiency in reducing formalin withinthe aqueous phase (from 53% to 98%) suggesting the use of formalin by the microorganismsas a primary carbon source. On the other hand, COD reduction (-34% to 73%) was notsatisfactory, which is probably related with the presence of polymeric compounds with highmolecular weight in the urea-formaldehyde resin, Recommendations for the systemimprovement are: (i) effluent recirculation; (ii) longer filling periods during each batch and;(iii) both primary and secondary settling/ sedimentation. As a result of very high initial CODcontents (ranging between 736-5608 mg L·\ even though a high percentage of reduction isachieved, the final effluent would still not meet the threshold limits for effluent discharges inwater bodies. Additional treatment options could be advanced oxidative processes such asozonation and Fenton.
The use of treated bleached kraft pulp kraft mill effluent on eucalyptus plantation
Authors: Passos Rezende Ana Augusta , Teixeira de Matos Antonio , Neves Julio Cesar , Silva Claudio Mudado
Published: August 2020

The use of treated pulp mill effluent on eucalyptus plantation appears to be an attractive option for plant nutrition and water supply. It also constitutes a supplementary treatment process or final disposal option for the mill effluent. This study aimed at the investigation and evaluation of the effects of bleached kraft pulp mill treated effluent (BKME) on three typical Brazilian soils used for Eucalyptus plantation. The BKME was characterized and five different application rates, defined according to the load of sodium, were tested in controlled environment experiments (greenhouse). After BKME application over a six month period an expressive increase in the salinity of the studied soils was observed, although no dispersal effects in soil with high clay content were detected. The low content of some nutrients in the BKME, indicated the need for complementation in fertirrigation. In general, the best biomass productivity and plant growth results were obtained in fine textured soil at a loading rate of6.49 t sodium.ha-I. In general, the good response of the soil-plant system under different effluent application rates showed the possibility of agricultural use of BKME if adequate management practices and monitoring are conducted.
Assessment of inocula and n-removal performance of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (annamox) for the treatment of "old" landfill leachates
Authors: Yan He , Gongming Zhou , Youcai Zhao , Guoguang Feng
Published: August 2020

Three kinds of seeding sludge, i,e, conventional activated sludge, anaerobic granularsludge and the nitrifying activated sludge from the nitritation reactor treating agedleachates were evaluated in batch mode to screen the optimized inoculum for the rapidstart-up of ANAMMOX reactor. The feasibility of the ANAMMOX process for thetreatment of aged leachates was also investigated in a modified upflow anaerobic sludgeblanket (UASB, 0,05 m\ The batch experiments revealed that the nitrifying activatedsludge from the nitritation reactor could respectively achieve the NRR (nitrogenremoval rate) of 0,0365 kg N/(m3,d) and the ARR (ammonium removal rate) of 0,013kg N/(m3.d) on day 12, which were greatly higher than those of the other two testedsludge samples, The mixture of the aforementioned nitrifying activated sludge andanaerobic granular sludge was established as an effective inoculum for the prompt startup of ANAMMOX reactor. The maximum total nitrogen removal rate of 0,826 kgN/(m3,d) could be obtained for the treatment of "old" leachates under NLR (nitrogenloading rate) of 1.028 kg N/(m3.d), It is concluded that the N-removal performance ofANAMMOX process is still to be improved for actual engineering application to agedlandfill leachates,
Oil spill waste treatment in the Kymenlaakso region after a ship accident
Authors: Hupponen Mari , Horttanainen Mika , Luoranen Mika
Published: August 2020

The significance of the Gulf of Finland, which is part of the Baltic Sea, as an oil transportroute has increased rapidly in recent years. Approximately 140 million tons of oil wastransported through the Gulf of Finland in the year 2006. The amount of transport has doubledin a few years. At the same time, the accident risk has increased. The narrowness and thefragmented coastline make the Gulf of Finland extremely vulnerable in an oil spill situation.There is as yet no comprehensive plan in Finland for how to treat oil spill waste after a largescale accident. The aim of this study was to find out treatment methods and capacities in theKymenlaakso region for the oily waste collected from the coastline after a large oil accident inthe Gulf of Finland.This study presents the principles of the treatment methods of oil spill waste and thelimitations of the methods in handling the waste. The article also includes a background studyof the treatment of wastes collected from the coastline from previous major oil accidents.The possibilities of different companies to treat oily waste in the Kymenlaakso region werestudied. Detailed information was collected by interviewing the companies' workers. 19 000 tof crushable oily equipment and organic matter mixed with normal solid fuels can be burnedannually in the fluidized bed furnaces of regional power plants. I 200 t of homogenized oilyorganic matter can be burned annually in the rotary kiln of a factory which produces expandedclay (LECA). The region's burning capacity will increase when the municipal solid wasteincineration plant that was under construction during the study is ready and the oil spill wastecan be burned on its grate. Oily soil can be treated with composting, washing, soil vapourextraction and stabilization with bitumen. Mobile treatment plants suitable for oily waste,such as thennal desorption plants, can also be transported to the region.
Wetland park: an important element for sewage recycling in Kaliningrad
Authors: Umansky Sergey
Published: August 2020

Kaliningrad is a large industrial city with the population more than 400 thousand people thathas no modem constructions for sewage treatment. Almost I 00 million m3 of sewage isannually discharged into the Pregolja River and the Vistula Lagoon. City authorities have aproject for constructing a full cycle of waste water treatment plant. However, the offereddevelopment plan and treatment level will not promote decreasing of eutrophication in theVistula Lagoon. In this article the opportunity of using water plants for additional cleaningsewage of Kaliningrad has being considered. For this purpose it is suggested to organize awetland park in a territory along the right bank of the Kaliningrad naval channel in an areawith 86.6 knl. The infrastructure for such wetland-park might be used for recreationalpurpose too. The proposal is to consider the wetland park as an effective commercialenterprise occupying certain sector in the economy of the city. The basic requirements toorganize the wetland park area are that: (I) The wetland-park area should be located nearbythe mechanical and biological sewage treatment; (2) Two zones should be created, anindustrial and a recreational zone; (3)The borders of zones should be separated by natural or artificial elements of landscape, forexample, forestations; (4) Economic and ecological requirements regarding the sewagemanagement in Kaliningrad city are related to the necessity of meeting the demands of theBaltic Region, in order to solve the environmental problems of the Baltic Sea.
Industrial solid waste strategies and policies for the south region of Rio de Janeiro state
Authors: Pereira Darlan , Fonseca Almeida Manuel
Published: August 2020

The aim of this investigation was to propose guidelines (based on Europeans strategies andpolicies) in order to develop a plan for the industrial solid waste management in the SouthRegion of Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil), This region is an industrial area with significant wastemanagement problems. In order to properly manage waste production in this region, onemust know the amount, type, and composition of industrial wastes, as well as the managementpractices of the industries involved. In this investigation, questionnaires and secondary dataanalysis were used to collect infonnation regarding methods of waste management used in 30large-size manufacturing industries that produce 5.5% of the total waste generated. It wasobserved that paper and cardboard, plastic, wood, and metals were the most common types ofwaste, mainly generated from packaging (69% of the total volume), as well as material usedin containers and for unwrapping products. Serious problems were observed, like industrialsolid waste being sent to municipal landfills and irregular dumping. An overview of thecurrent solid waste management situation gives rise to a brief discussion on waste-to-energyopportunities and an integrated industrial waste management system for the region.
Factors influencing efficiency of UV/H2o2 advanced oxidation process
Authors: Racyte Justina , Rimeika Mindaugas
Published: August 2020

In recent years the textile industry is characterized as qualitative fabric industry. Rawmaterials and process auxiliaries (as dyes and other chemicals) are used of very good quality.Dyes are developed to be very stable and resistant to physical and biological breakdown.Therefore they are hard degradable in natural conditions. Removal of dye residual from thewastewater requires also qualitative treatment solutions.As conventional wastewater treatment methods are unable to decompose hard degradablepollutants to the final breakdown products at the textile industry wastewater treatment unit,therefore there is a demand for more advanced treatment. Considerable attention is paid to theadvanced oxidation methods.In this paper the research results of textile reactive dyeing a11ificial wastewater treatment withadvanced oxidation method under ultraviolet light (UV) in presence of hydrogen peroxide(H202) are described. Investigated relationships are such as pH, reaction length andwastewater composition influence to the UV/He202 advanced oxidation process efficiency.From obtained results it can be concluded that UY/H202 advanced oxidation process isinhibited by high pH level, dyeing assisting chemicals, salts and anticreasing agent. Thereaction rate constant with removed disturbances is obtained up to 0.4436 min ·1, textilereactive dyeing artificial wastewater complete decolourisation is achieved within 4 to 15minutes.