bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Robust Regression Model for Handover Prediction In Wireless Networks
Authors: Wady Shakhawan , Bakar Kamalrulnizam , Ghafoor Kayhan
Published: July 2017

The recent applications of wireless networks demand high Quality of Service (QoS) andmobility management between access networks. For this reason, emergent Advances inIEEE 802.11 standards have been witnessed to achieve seamless communicationbetween mobile nodes. However, since existing handover mechanisms haveshortcomings in terms of mobility handover cost and latency, more robust handoverdecision approach should be considered. To this end, in this research, we propose adecision approach to accurately trigger handover process between current and nextaccess point. The proposed approach incorporates robust regression model is to predictthe received signal strength (RSS) of the wireless channel between the mobile node(MN) and the access point. Thus, the MN makes an accurate handover decision as wellas layer 3 handover process occurs in advance to the one in layer 2. Our theoreticalanalysis and simulation results show that the proposed handover decision approach is farsuperior to the existing handover decision schemes in terms of handover latency andcost.
Iron Oxide Mineralogy of Asnawa Soils, Sulaimani Province, Kurdistan region
Authors: Kafoor Sherwan , Maulood Carman
Published: July 2017

Forty soil samples from three different zones (A, B and C) in Asnawa area werestudied to identify and characterize the forms of Fe oxides in the <2 mm soil fractionsusing chemical extractions and XRDA technique. Neither citrate dithionite nor aquaregia solution were not effective enough to extract free Fe oxides in the soil samples. Themaximum amounts of Fe oxides obtained were when five successive treatments withaqua regia solution had done. Soils of the quarry area (zone A) contained the highestamount of Fe oxides followed by soils from zone B and C. They were ranged from52.1%, 38.6% and 15.1% respectively. XRD traces of the studied soils showed peakscharacteristics of magnetite at 0.297, 0.256, 0.210, 0.161 and 0.147 nm. Other peaks ofhematite at 0.271 nm, and wustite (Fe(1-X)O at 0.88 were also present. Diffraction peaksof magnetite after a single treatment with citrate dithionite and aqua regia were stillevident on the X-ray chart whereas the diffraction peaks of hematite and wustite weredisappeared.
Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serotypes isolated from chicken carcasses in Duhok, Kurdistan Region / Iraq
Authors: Taha Zanan , Ahmed Meqdad , Abdo Jassim
Published: July 2017

This study was undertaken to evaluate the contamination rate of Salmonella serotypesand to determine their resistance profiling to six antibiotics from imported chickencarcass surfaces at the food control unit in the Duhok city / Ministry of Health, Kurdistanregion of Iraq. in which the total 110 swabs were collected from April to June 2014. 21samples out of 110 (19%) chickens were found to be contaminated with Salmonella andbelonging to 4 different serotypes. S. ohio 13 (61.9%) was the most frequent serotypefollowed by S.newport 2 (9.5%), S.typhimurium 2 (9.5%), S.livingstone 1 (4.7%) and 3(14.2%) isolates were non-typeable. 23.8% of the isolates were resistant tociprofloxacin, 100% to cephalothin, 85.7% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 28.5% togentamycin, 76.1% ticarcillin-calvulanic acid while none of the isolates were resistant toimipenem (100% were susceptible). All Salmonella serotypes were resistant to at leastone antibiotic and 16 (76.1%) have been resistant to three or more antibiotics. The resultsof this study indicate that there are high contamination rate of Salmonella in chickencarcasses with a high drug resistance profiling and require good strategies for controllingthe pathogen during slaughtering. In addition, the selection of antibiotics should be witha more prudent.
GIS Application Analysis Earthquake Data to Evaluate Risk Assessments of Seismic Hazard in Kurdistan of Iraq Using Probabilities
Authors: Mohammed Rebaz , Mohammed Nabaz , Faraj Kamaran
Published: July 2017

Earthquakes in Kurdistan of Iraq are unorganized natural disaster, that happenswithout any schedule or any knowledge of when and where they may occur. However, itis important to know where and when they may happen or at least identify the risklocations, strength of the danger, numbers of occurrence per area (density) and predictthe future earthquakes if possible, which are the key issues of this paper. The answer tothese issues can be achieved through earthquake data evaluation. Hence it is importantto look into the earthquake data from the past, and evaluates them through the power ofGIS (Geographical Information System) application; this will build a method that willdevelop the access to the answers to the key issues through a spatial analyticalprocedure, as the answer helps future planning and risk assessments. GIS can evaluateseismic hazard and risk analysis, as it demonstrates an environment with many featuresthat uses to carryout statistical and spatial analysis efficiently. The application first looksat the data in details, afterwards it allocates the information to each administrative area inthe province of Kurdistan accordingly and maps the data vividly to produce graphicalresults to the issues and their answers, that are easier to illustrate the results. Eventually,the data needs to be examined for any available patterns that help for the futureearthquake prediction, if there are any data. problem and your proposed technique toaddress it.
On Generalized Flatness and Generalized SF-Rings
Authors: Abdul-Jabbar Abdullah
Published: July 2017

The concept of generalized flatness and generalized SF-rings were first introduced by theauthor in 2007. Now, in the present paper we continue to study generalized flatness,generalized SF-rings and determine more properties of them. Moreover, several resultsare proved. Finally, compare them with regular rings, left non-singular, strongly regular,strongly π-regular, π-biregular and sπ-weakly regular rings under some conditions.
Mechanical and Physical properties of Medium Density fiber board made from rice husk and fiber coating.
Authors: Majeed Nagheen , Jabber Mohamed , Al-Jabire Nooraldeen
Published: July 2017

The study includes the preparation of Medium Density fiber board(MDF) made from the

coating paper and rice husk, which are used in the prefabricated furniture panels, and

manufacturing of these panels using PVA polymer as bonding materials. The flexural

strength reach 3.73 MP compared with imported panels of 3.5 MP, thus these

manufactured panels are resistant to combustion. The present study used rise husk with

coating paper at different rate in addition to cement and polymer materials consist of

poly vinyl estate (PVA). In this paper physical and mechanical peoperties of MDF

manufacturer from natural fiber studied. Experimental results show that the density of

MDF are about 339 to 820 Kg/m3. The Bending test are about 0.25 to 3.73 MP. The

water absorption are about 4% to 24%.
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Detection of Some ESBL Genes amongDiarrheagenic E. coli O157:H7.
Authors: Faiq Sivan , Abdulrahman Zirak
Published: July 2017

During the period of 20th of May to1st of November 2013, twenty five isolatesof E. coliO157:H7 were identified among 200 samples taken from children under ten years oldsuffer from diarrhea (68 males and 132 females) admitted to Rapareen Pediatric hospitalsin Erbil City. Isolates were identified from stool sample by using cultural, morphological,biochemical characteristics and serological test. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was donefor all isolates by using fourteen antibiotic types The resistance rate of the isolatestoward these antibiotics were 100 % for AMP, 96% for MET, 76% for CTX, 72% for TEand KF, 68% for TMP, 56% for FEP, 52% for C and SXT, 48% for CRO, 28% for AK,20% for CIP, while the lowest percent 16% was for CN, and all isolates were sensitivefor IPM. Extended spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) production was done for all isolates.Out of 25 E. coli O157:H7isolates, 8(32%) were ESBL producers, while17(68%) werenon ESBL producers. The plasmid profile of 25 isolates conducted by using gelelectrophoresis, the results revealed different bands with molecular weight rangingbetween (2kbp- more than 10kbp) in size. The transformation process conductedsuccessfully for (E1 and E15) and the results showed that the resistance genes forampicillin, Cephalothin, Cefepime, metronidazole and trimethoprimwere located onplasmid DNA for E1 isolate, while for E15 isolate, the ampicillin, Cephalothin,Cefepime, ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, metronidazole and trimethoprimlocated on plasmid.The results of transformation confirmed by gel electrophoresis, and showed that oneplasmids of E1 and two plasmid E15 had been transformed successfully with molecularweight of more than 10 Kbp. All E. coli O157:H7isolates were screened for the presenceof ESBL genes including (blaCTX-M - blaSHV-and blaTEM) on plasmid DNA usingpolymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Results showed that all isolates were positive forthe existence of ( blaSHV-and blaTEM), while 88% of the isolates contained( blaCTXM).
Isolation, Molecular Identification and in vitro Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing of Mycoplasma agalactiae From Goats in Two Provinces of Kurdistan Region-Iraq.
Authors: Sulaiman Rizgar
Published: July 2017

Mycoplasma agalactiae is one of the causal agents of classical contagious agalactia

(CA). It occurs in many parts of the world and most notably in the Mediterranean

Basin. The aims of this study were isolation and molecular identification of

Mycoplasma agalactiae for the first time in Kurdistan region from goats showing

contagious agalactia and in vitro evaluation of the activities of different

antimicrobial against Mycoplasma agalctiae. During the period of January 2011 to

November 2012 a total of 126 milk samples were collected (68 from Slemani

governorate and 58 from Arbil governorate) from goats that had clinical signs of

CA. Mycoplasma agalactiae was recovered from 102(81%) milk samples out of

(126) divided as; 58 (85.3%) out of 68 milk samples in Slemani governorate were

positive for M. agalactiae while 44(75.9%) out of 58 milk samples were positive in

Arbil governorate. All isolates were confirmed by amplification of 1624 bp uvrC

gene by PCR assay. GenBank accession number of the nucleotide and amino acid

sequences of Slemani and Arbil isolates were reported in this study is (KC 594646),

(KC 594647) respectively. The isolates in current work from both governorates

were showed 99% homology to each other and the topology of the phylogenetic

tree indicated that both field isolates were clustered together and they were

belonging to sub linage that contain most of PG2 strains. Danofloxacine and

Azithromycine showed a great effectiveness against all isolates and may be

considered as standard treatment for CA in this region.
EFFECTS OF ROSEMARY (Rosmorinus officinalis) LEAVES AND ITS VOLATILE OILS ON WHEAT DOUGH PROPERTIES AND BREAD SHELF LIFE.
Authors: Jamil Dara , Saed Mohammad , Jaffar Sahar
Published: July 2017

The effects of ground rosemary leaves (2.5, 5, and 10%) and rosemary volatile oil (0.1,

0.2 and 0.4%), on wheat dough rheology, fermentation and its bread quality were

studied. Amylograph results showed a decrease in pasting temperature from 63°C to

61.5°C in all VO doses. Also amylograph results showed ground leaves had an inhibitory

effect on dough α-amylase especially at 2.5%. Farinograph results showed only 0.1%

VO had a significant effect on farino parameters while other treatments generally had a

softening effect. Dough fermentation values were decreased at all doses of ground

leaves and VOs except for 0.2% VO which had an activation effect. Also the dough and

loaf volume/weight were also decreased at all doses. The loaf shelf life was dose

dependent and significantly increased against mould growth up to thirty days storage.
Palynological Study of the Genus Valerianella Miller (Valerianaceae) in Kurdistan Region-Iraq.
Authors: Sardar Abdullah , Hussein Shelan , Al-Dabbagh Serwan
Published: July 2017

The present study dealt with the pollen grains of 11 species of the genus Valerianella

Miller within the family Valerianaceae which have been collected within the field trips

during spring and summer season of year 2014 (about 20 trips) from the different

districts in Kurdistan of Iraq. From the used characters that had a role in the separation of

some species were the pollen shapes, sizes, surface sculpture and the end shapes of the

colpi, generally the pollens had a limited role in the species separation. Photographs have

been taken for the polar and equatorial views of the pollen grains. The species were

Valerianella chlorostephana Boiss., V. coronata (L.) DC., V. dactylophylla Boiss. &

Hohen, V. discoidea (L.) Lois., V. kotschyi Boiss., V. lasiocarpa (Stev.) Betcke,

V.muricata (Stev.) Baxt., V.oxyrhyncha Fisch & Mey, V.pumila (L.) DC., V. tuberculata

Boiss. and V. vesicaria (L.) Moench.
Effects of dietary zinc supplementation during a forced molt on subsequent hen performance and egg quality.
Authors: Ahmed Rebwar , Ali Khasraw
Published: July 2017

A total of 200 Hy- Line Brown commercial layer hens (64) weeks of age, were used in

this study to investigate the impacts of different dietary zinc supplementation during a

forced molt on subsequent hen performance and egg quality. The hens were randomly

divided into (5) treatment groups of 40 hens each treatment. There were four replicate

cages per treatment. The hens in the treatment 1 (control) were fed a layer ration

containing 0 ppm ZnO, water and feed were provided ad libitum and received 16 hours

of light/day, treatment (2) were fed a layer ration containing 28000 ppm Zn as zinc oxide

for 11 days, treatment (3) 37000 ppm ZnO for 9 days, treatment (4) 46000 ppm ZnO for

7 days, and treatment (5)on-again, off-again program (ON-OFF).The experimental

period was divided into seven periods (1) 64-66, (2) 67-69, (3) 70-72, (4) 73-75, (5) 76-

78, (6) 79-81, (7) 82-84 weeks. The results indicated that different levels of dietary zinc

were improved Hen Day (H.D) egg production and egg weight at periods 70-72, 73-75,

76-78, 79-81, 82-84 weeks, except treatment 37000 ppm ZnO in period 70-72 was

reduced in both egg production and egg weight, yolk and white weight improved also in

these five periods above, feed intake was improved in two periods 70-72 and 73-75

weeks, feed conversion ratio was decreased in two periods 73-75 and 76-78 weeks,

compared to both control and ON-OFF program. Haugh unit was improved in dietary

zinc treatments and ON-OFF program in all periods except period 64-66 weeks

compared to control. The percentage of weight loss was increased in the period 64-67

weeks for all treatments except control. Different dietary zinc supplementation was

increased the concentration of zinc in yolk from 10.20 ppm (control) to 32.84, 29.61 and

51.08 and, white from 3.50 ppm (control) to 5.96, 5.90 and 6.37 ppm for 28000, 37000

and 46000 ppm during fed them with Zn for 11, 9 and 7 days, respectively, but the

concentration of zinc in yolk and white was reduced week by week after following the

refeeding of a control diet and was normally by week 6.
Automatic License Plate Recognition in Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI)
Authors: Ali Abbas , Shareef Shareef , Rashid Tarik
Published: July 2017

The development of countries increases the number of vehicles on the roads now than

there used to be. Consequently, controlling and managing the congestion of traffic is

virtually difficult without the use of computer technology. This paper aims to identify

automatic license plate recognition (ALPR) of vehicles in Kurdistan Region of Iraq

(KRI). It uses computer vision techniques where a cluster of Gabor feature vectors

using K-means is used, furthermore, the resulted cluster feature is optimized with

Wrapper Sub Eval technique to reduce the dimensionality of features vectors, then, the

optimized features are fed into classification techniques such as Support Vector

Machines (SVMs), K-Nearest neighbors (K-NN) and Radial Basis Function (RBF)

Neural Network in order to examine the recognition rate of the license plate of the

vehicle automatically. The experimental work shows that the proposed technique

produced promising classification results in recognizing license plate of vehicles. The

best optimal accuracy result under various illumination conditions was 96.72.
Improved Driver Drowsiness Monitoring System using Real-time Eye Blinking Method
Authors: Mohammed Aree , Kheder Mohammed , Muhammed Azhee
Published: July 2017

Drivers with a diminished vigilance level suffer from a marked decline in their

perception; recognition and vehicle control abilities and therefore pose a serious danger

to their own lives and the lives of the other people. According to the National Highway

Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), about 100,000 crashes are the direct result of

driver drowsiness each year. This is the reason why more and more researches are

made to build automatic detectors of this dangerous state. In this paper, an efficient

drowsiness detection system based on eye state (close and open) is developed.The

camera should be fixed in front of the drivers to capture real time frames. After that,

the results from the camera (new frames) are subject to the some vision-based

algorithm to detect the eyes. Finally, the eye blink detection is applied to determine the

state of eyes. There are two states: open state and close state. Based on eye state the

warming alarm or telephone calling should be done to the drivers for preventing

undesired accident. The proposed system will be tested with different light conditions,

namely, day and night vision to show the performance in term of efficiency and

accuracy. The results explain that the proposed system which is based on Android

platform has a high accuracy rate (%97.2) for drowsiness detection especially during

the night vision.
The Impact of Kishk Components on the Physiochemical and Sensory Properties of Kishk
Authors: Zainulabiden Mohammad , Ahmed Tara , Rostam Awaz
Published: July 2017

Two varieties of wheat, Bakrajo (durum) and Aras (bread wheat) were used to

prepare two sizes of burgul which used as a components in Kishk mixture. Kishk

was prepared in two groups of mixtures: 1:3 and 1:4 burgul : doogh (yogurt

drink) with or without malt (0.5% on flour basis)

Using course burgul granules (>1000μ) decreased gelatinization temperature and

increased Amylograph maximum viscosity compared to use fine burgul granules

(< 350μ) and malt addition, which indicated to present of ungelatinized starch in

dried kishk. Results showed that kishk powder flowability (Carr index) depended

on their agglomeration more than it’s depending on any components of kishk

mixtures. Sensory evaluation showed that an increasing in kishk odor, taste and

color took place when 0.001 part of malt was added.
Some heavy Metal pollution investigation in Sulaimani province groundwater
Authors: Ahmad Ali , Esmail Akram
Published: July 2017

The paper aims to go into the impact of some heavy metal contamination in the

Sulaimani province groundwater for irrigation purpose. Water samples were collected

from (36) locations in the study area that not the same and the heavy metals such as

(Iron, Zinc, Copper and Manganese) were finding out by using Atomic Absorption

Spectrophotometer. Heavy metal contamination appraisal in ground water required

cognition of pre anthropogenic metal concentrations to act as a reference against which

measured values can be compared. Groundwater taint by heavy metal was

accomplished using Enrichment Factor (EF), Metal Contamination Index (MCI),

Contamination Factor (CF), Pollution Index (PI), Contamination degree (Cd),

modified Contamination Degree (mCd), Pollution load Index (PLI) and Index of geo

accumulation (Igeo). Established on the above exponents, the results indicate the study

groundwater resources to be very low degree of contamination.
On Simple Singular AGP-Injective Modules and AGP-Injective Rings with Some Types of Regular Rings
Authors: Abdul-Jabbar Abdullah
Published: July 2017

A ring R is called left AGP-injective if for any 0 ≠ a ∈ R, there exists a positive integern such that an ≠ 0 and anR is a direct summand of rℓ(an). Now, in the present paper, weinvistigate some properties of rings whose simple singular right R-modules are AGPinjective. Also, we give a characterization of π-regular rings interms of right weaklycontinuous ring whose simple singular right R-modules are AGP-injective under thecondition, MERT ring. Finally, we give a property of AGP-injective rings with anindex set {Xan: a ∈ R and n is a positive integer} of ideals such that Xanb = Xban, forall a, b ∈ R and a positive integer n.
Influence of Cultivars‚ Calcium Chloride and Periods on Fruit Storage Behavior of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)
Authors: Al-Bamarny Sarfaraz , Yonis Azad
Published: July 2017

Fruits of two local pomegranate cultivars (Sharmny and Hablary) were harvested during

2011 season; harvested fruits were dipped in 0, 2 and 4% CaCl2 for 4 minutes and

stored at ambient temperature for four storage periods (1, 2, 3 and 4) months. Results

revealed that Hablary cultivar was significantly maintained titratable acidity (%),

reduced fruit weight loss and fruit decay compared to Sharmny cultivar. Moreover,

Fruit dipped in 4 % CaCl2 had a significant decrease in fruit weight loss and recorded

the highest TSS, TSS/TA ratio and vitamin C. compared to other treatments.

Furthermore, TSS, TSS/TA ratio and fruit weight loss were significantly increased,

while TA and vitamin C significantly reduced with the prolonging of storage periods.
The Behaviour of Confined Granular soil loaded by a square footing
Authors: Zangana Dhiaadin
Published: July 2017

This research involves the behaviour of confined granular soil supported by asquare footing. A series of bearing capacity tests were carried out on a small-scalelaboratory model, which filled with sand, placed in a dense state and confined withUPVC cell. The response of an unconfined state was measured in the beginning,and then compared with the confined sand. The studied variables included thecylinder height and diameter, the depth of the footing to the top of the cylinder andthe embedded depth of the footing.The test results indicated that the soil confinement resists lateral displacement ofsand underneath the footing, which is leading to a significant improvement for theresponse of the footing. The curves of load-settlement generally showed the sametrend in all the cases. Failure was considered as a settlement, which was equal to8% of the total footing width. Also, the recommended optimum cell height,diameter, footing depth to the top of the cylinder and the embedded depth offooting that give the maximum bearing capacity improvement were presented anddiscussed. According to the present research results, a conclusion based on the soilconfinement role and found to be notably increased the bearing capacity andstiffness. Furthermore, a modification of load–settlement behaviour of the subgrade sand was also gained.
Effect of Pro.Sol and Folicist on some vegetative growth Characters of Olive transplants (Olea europaea L.) cvs. Sorany and Picual (a)
Authors: Mayi Azad , Saeed Gulala
Published: July 2017

This study was carried out during the growing season (2014) in Bakrajo Nursery

Station/ Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. Uniform and healthy olive Olea europaea

L.) cvs. Sorany and Picual transplants of (2) years old were used. Transplants were

grown in pots each of (5 kg) weight, to investigate the effect of three Folicist

concentrations (0, 60 and 120 mg.L-1, three concentrations of Pro-Sol (0,100 and

200mg.L-1) and their interactions on vegetative growth of Olive cvs. Sorany and

Picual transplants. The results showed that as follow: Foliar sprays of Folicist

significantly dominated over Pro.Sol at all vegetative growth characters, except plant

height, lateral shoot lengths. Picual cv. significantly dominated over cv. Sorany at all

vegetative growth characters, except laterals future fertilization requirements,

shoot length and leaf number/shoot. The interactions between Pro-Sol, Folicist and

cv. Sorany affected significantly on most of the vegetative growth characteriste.

While, Pro.Sol, Folicist and cv. Picual interaction increased stem diameter.
Spectrophotometric determination of Cobalt II with PAN using Flow injection technique.
Authors: Baban Sherwan
Published: July 2017

A simple, rapid, reproducible and sensitive spectrophotometric method fordetermination of Cobalt (Co2+) was investigated .The method was based on theinteraction of Co2+ with 1-(2-pyridylazo)2-naphthol (PAN), in the presence ofbuffer pH 6 (CH3COOH + CH3COONH4) to give a highly colored species of amolar ratio 1:2 (Co:PAN) .Beers law was obeyed in the range of (0.1-2.5)μg/ml with the molar absorptivity of 3.77x104 L.mol-.cm- at λ max 525 nm.The method was adapted to semi automated flow injection system .The molarabsorptivity was 0.16x104 L.mol-.cm- at λ max 525 nm .Beers law was obeyedin the range (0.3-10) μg/ml. The precision and accuracy studied to bothsystems. The method was applied successfully to the assay of Co2+ in realsample such as real water and waste water, and was well agreed with itscertified value.
Evolution, And Phylogeny Of Herv-S Family In Some Closely Related Primates
Authors: Najmalddin Hawnaz , Taher Aso , Mohammed Shad
Published: July 2017

Human endogenous retroviral element S-family (HERV-S) has been present within

the human genome as well as various closely related primates. The expression

pattern, copy number, chromosomal locations of the proviral element have been

extensively studied. Here, we analyse the pol fragment of the HERV-S in human

tissues, cancer cell lines and in seven other related primates. Phylogenetic analysis of

the HERV-S pol gene suggests division of the family into two groups among the

tested species that have arisen throughout the primate evolution by gene duplication

as well as other genetic alterations. Also, the tree analysis of human tissues and

cancer cells suggest that expression of the chromosome X pol fragment is identical to

expression of the pol fragment in cancerous cells more than its relation to the pol

sequence on other human chromosomes. To sum up, our data provide a clarification

about the dynamic evolutionary characteristics as well as phylogenetic relationships

of HERV-S family pol gene in primates.
Evaluation the Collisional Stopping power and Continuous Slow Down Approximation ranges for protons in Carbon
Authors: Aman-Allah Sabah , Shaban Shahad
Published: July 2017

The stopping power and CSDA ranges of energetic protons in carbon has been

calculated using a model based on different theoretical approaches within energy range

(1.5 -295)MeV. The present work accounts for the incident proton slows down due to

the inelastic collision between target electrons of the medium and the incident proton

moving through it. These interactions of the incident proton with the target’s electrons is

a function of the proton energy. Our results are in good agreement available data of the

universal code pstar . This calculation model can be useful for different applications in

nuclear physics, medical physics, materials science and space radiation health.
Using Rubik’s Cube and a Modified LSB for Audio Steganography
Authors: Saleh Kaziwa , Muhammad Mihran , Ahmed Khanda
Published: July 2017

Nowadays steganography plays an important role in information security. There are

various techniques to apply steganography; one such technique is Least Significant

Bit (LSB). Due to consecutive embedding of data, LSB is highly vulnerable to data

retrieval and manipulation. This study proposes a mixture between Rubik’s cube

principle to scramble the audio data, and a modified LSB technique to hide the secret

data. The modified LSB technique includes embedding using only irredundant bits of

binary representation of each character in the secret message, and hiding in the lowest

sample between two consecutive samples of the cover audio. The used technique

makes the retrieval of secret message harder because it adds two levels of protection

(scrambling, and hiding in the lowest sample) against the attempts of obtaining data;

and makes the embedded data imperceptible.
Almost Sg- Continuity in Topological Spaces
Authors: Darwesh Halgwrd , Hessean Nawroz
Published: July 2017

In the present paper, we introduce a new class of functions in between topological

spaces, namely the class of almost -continuous functions. Characterizations and

basic properties of this class of functions are obtained as well as the relationships of it

with some other classes of functions are studied.
First principle structural and electronic properties of Sr3Sb2 compound of the cubic Phase
Authors: Abdullah Muhamad , Sedighi Matin , Othman Mazin , Mahmodi Behroz
Published: July 2017

The structural and electronic properties of Sr3Sb2 at ambient and under hydrostatic

pressure have been calculated using the full potential linear augmented plane wave

(FP-LAPW) method. We calculated lattice constant, bulk modulus, the derivative of

bulk modulus, cohesive energy, energy, band gap and density of state by using GGA96

method for exchange-correlation. Also, for calculating band structure we used GGA96

and EV-GGA on ambient and under hydrostatic pressure. The magnitude of the gap by

GGA96 method is 1.51eV and by EV-GGA is 2.28eV. By fitting the data around the

conduction band minimum and the valence band maximum, we find the effective mass

of electron and hole of this compound.
Self improvement institute and activities self-regulating organizations of arbitration managers
Authors: RYAKHOVSKAYA A. N. , KOVAN S. E. , ALFIOROV V. N. , KRYUKOVA O. G.
Published: July 2017

The article highlights purposes, tasks, functions and challenges associated with the implementation of self-regulation, Russian and overseas practices of operation of self-regulated organizations in the sphere of receivership and in other economic sectors, as well as initial results of the realization of a concept of improving the self-regulation mechanisms. The article describes the rationale for directions and methods of improving the self-regulation institute
Improving the efficiency of functioning of the bankruptcy institution in the Russian Federation: the value-based approach
Authors: KOCHETKOV E. P.
Published: July 2017

Today the bankruptcy institution develops dynamically under the influence of various factors. This is required the formation of the universal goals of the bankruptcy institution with considering of features of the current socio-economic development. On the other hand, the transformation purposes of the bankruptcy institution towards rehabilitation focus is not always accompanied by an increase of efficiency of bankruptcy procedures, that confirms by the statistics data in the Russia. Thereby author investigated the issues of determining the universal target installation of bankruptcy institution, as well as an analysis of the bankruptcy models, which confirmed the effectiveness of the bankruptcy models in which decisions on rehabilitation or liquidation of the debtor is based on value criteria. In order to enhance the rehabilitation capacity of the bankruptcy institution in Russia on the basis of a systematic approach author proposed changes in the concept of the impact of the bankruptcy procedures, measures to improve the efficiency of bankruptcy procedures, and explore the essence of the process of restoring the debtor's solvency. It is proved that the purpose of rehabilitation of bankruptcy procedures should be the preservation of the debtor's business with the new owner of more efficient, taking into account interests of society as a whole.
Methodological principles of classification of types of economic diagnostics
Authors: TOLPEGINA O. A.
Published: July 2017

The purpose of the study is determined by the need for further development and improvement of methodology of economic diagnostics. The study of theoretical issues and practical implementation of diagnostic studies and crisis management showed that the methodological basis of economic diagnostics needs work and updating, can extend practical approaches to research. Research complement and deepen the complex scientific and theoretical developments in the methodology of economic substantiation of diagnosis. The author presents a methodological approach to the classification of types of diagnostic studies on various grounds. The main emphasis in the developed classification of types is made on a thorough and complete rationale for each attribute, put with the basis of the classification of economic diagnostics, and describe the direction of the diagnostic study.
Creating a University Driven “Ingepreneurial” Ecosystem in West Baltimore: A Strategy for Rust Belt Revitalization
Authors: Klugh Elgin L. , Williams Ronald C.
Published: July 2017

The legacy of deindustrialization and associated underemployment continues to plague many former industrial communities. In these spaces, universities serve as anchors providing gateways for individual economic empowerment, and as ‘brain centers’ charged with generating solutions for societal problems.  This paper explores the development of The Center for Strategic Ingepreneurship (CSI) at Coppin State University in Baltimore, Maryland. Strategic Ingepreneurship is seen here as a practical, innovative, solution-based approach to address under-performing job creation. The Center will serve as a university-based entity to facilitate the development and dissemination of ingepreneurial knowledge and skills through research, teaching, and practice.
Intraperitoneal analgesia to reduce pain after laparoscopic hysterectomy
Authors: Badawy Amira Mohammed
Published: July 2017

Background: Laparoscopic hysterectomy is now an established operation, as it is less invasive and carries much less post-operative pain compared to open hysterectomy. However, post-laparoscopy analgesia is still a challenge. Intraperitoneal (IP) instillation of local anaesthetics has been shown to minimize postoperative pain after laparoscopic surgeries. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of IP instillation of dilute analgesia prior the end of laparoscopic hysterectomy to reduce postoperative pain. The primary outcome was to assess postoperative pain scores. Secondary outcomes included assessment of postoperative analgesic requirements (type, amount, and timing), and frequency of nausea and vomiting.Methods: 20 cases were enrolled for laparoscopic hysterectomy and were divided randomly into two groups, Group A: 10 cases, where IP analgesia (Bupivacaine and Magnesium Sulphate) was instilled -under vision- prior removal of trocars, and Group B: 10 cases, where no IP analgesia was used. After surgery, Visual Analogue Score (VAS) was recorded at 6, 12, 24 hours and 7 days. Postoperative analgesic requirements (type, amount, and timing), and frequency of nausea and vomiting were also recorded.Results: The overall VAS during the first postoperative 24 hours was significantly lower in group A (P = 0.048, 0.049, and 0.003 at 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery). Time to first of analgesia required (in hours) was longer (6.0±1.41 vs 3.20±1.48, P = 0.004) and total analgesic consumption (in mg) was lower (2.40±0.89 vs 3.30±0.67, P = 0.047) in group A compared to group B. The need for opioids was also significantly less in group A (3 cases vs 8 cases, P = 0.024). in group A, nausea and vomiting were less reported as well (P = 0.040).Conclusions: The instillation of local IP dilute analgesia is an effective and safe method for reducing pain after laparoscopic hysterectomy.
Different methods of termination of second trimester pregnancy at Women′s Health Hospital, Assiut University: efficacy and complications
Authors: Fathalla Mohamed M. , Maghraby Amr M. , AL-Hussaini Tarek K. , Ismail Alaa M.
Published: July 2017

Background: Termination of pregnancy in second trimester is one of the greatest challenges in modern obstetrics practice and is more risky than during first trimester. Now the main concern of the obstetrician is to provide the most effective, safest, and cost-effective regimen with least or no complications. Describe the different indications, technique and complications of different methods of TOP used at Women’s Health Hospital, Assiut University.  Identify gap between current practice and guidelines and setting recommendations for filling gap to improve outcomeMethods: Studying the different methods used for all cases with gestational age 13-24 weeks attending at Women′s Health Hospital, Assiut University from the 1st July 2015 to the 1st June 2016, for second trimester termination of pregnancy who are eligible for termination of pregnancy, with exclusion criteria including any case with scared uterus, multiple pregnancy and rupture of membranes.Results: Of the 146 patients, 55 patients received misoprostol alone, 13 cases used foley’s catheter alone, 67 cases received misoprostol in combination with foley’s catheter and hysterotomy done in 9 patients (4 after failed induction and the rest as primary procedure). In present work the most common complication recorded was retained placental parts, 39 patients (26,5%) followed by surgical evacuation. Uterine perforation occurred accidentally in 3 cases during evacuation followed by laparotomy and repair of perforation without hysterectomy. Infection recorded in 3 cases (1.7%). Sever haemorhage occurred in 4 cases where they needed hysterotomy.Conclusions: All methods used in the department showed efficacy. Misoprostol induction was associated with a shorter induction-abortion interval but was associated with higher risk of retained placenta. Foley's catheter induction was more prolonged but it was associated with almost no complication. The most common complication was retained placenta except those who used Foley's catheter as they had no retained placental parts.
CT scan findings in patients of eclampsia
Authors: Gurjar Barkha , Rawat R. P.
Published: July 2017

Background: Eclampsia is defined as the occurrence of one or more convulsions in association with raised blood pressure and proteinuria in a pregnant or puerperal woman, usually between 20 weeks’ gestation and the first 48 hours postpartum. Maternal mortality in India due to eclampsia is 2 to 30% and perinatal mortality is 30 to 50%. Abnormal findings on neuroimaging have been noted in as many as 80-90% of women with eclampsia. Most common lesions are seen in parieto-occipital lobes in the distribution of posterior cerebral arteries. This lesion occurs as a result of vasogenic oedema induced by endothelial damage and other changes contributing to pathophysiology of eclampsia. Objectives of present work were to study involvement of different areas of brain in eclampsia and to study maternal and fetal outcomes.Methods: This is a prospective study done over a period of 6 months the study population were chosen by random sampling who were eclampsia patients admitted trough emergency and also indoor patients who develop eclampsia after admission. Total 12 patients were analyzed. CT scan of brain performed after confinement of fetus and after stabilising the mother. Maternal and fetal outcomes were observed in these cases.Results: 58.33% (7cases) eclamptic mothers were primigravida and 41.66% (5 cases) were multigravida. Among them 16.66% (2 cases) had postpartum eclampsia while 83.33% (10 cases) had antepartum eclampsia. 75% mothers delivered by vaginal route and 25% mothers undergone LSCS. There were 14 births including 2 twin deliveries, out which 12 were live births and 2 Intra uterine deaths. On CT Scan- Brain stem edema was seen in 9 cases, infarction in 1case, hemorrhage in 1case and in 1 case CT was normal. Most common lobe involved is parietal (10 cases) followed by occipital (7 cases), frontal (4 cases), temporal (3 cases).Conclusions: Early recognition of the disorder and prompt management by control of blood pressure, removal of the offending medications or treatment of associated diseases is essential to prevent irreversible brain damage. CT scan of brain in eclampsia can provide useful intra cerebral information and should be done in cases with severe neurologic manifestations, if possible for every eclamptic mother.
A study of dengue fever in pregnancy and its maternal and fetal prognosis
Authors: Gehlot Hanslata , Yadav Om Prakash , Sharma Seema , Nagar Girdhar Gopal , Yadav Ayna , Gupta Prabhu Prakash
Published: July 2017

Background: Dengue is a vector borne viral disease. Female Anopheles mosquito is the vector for the disease. Recently, there is an increase in the incidence of dengue fever in adult population in South Asian countries. With increasing rate of adult dengue fever victims, the number of infected pregnant women has also been increased. Dengue, during pregnancy may be associated with various complications, including abortions, preterm delivery, maternal mortality, low birth weight, neonatal admissions and fetal anomalies. Timely intervention can improve the maternal as well as fetal outcome. This study was aimed to assess the clinical profile, maternal and fetal outcome of dengue fever during pregnancy.Methods: The study was carried out on 25 pregnant females diagnosed and serologically confirmed to have dengue fever and were admitted in Umaid hospital, associated to Dr. S. N. Medical College Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. Patients were included irrespective of the period of gestation of contracting the disease. Serological testing for dengue virus specific antigen and antibody was done for the diagnosis of dengue fever. The World Health Organization (WHO) classification and case definitions 2009 were used to categorize the dengue patients. A predesigned proforma was used to collect data related to maternal and fetal consequences both during pregnancy and at birth, as well as the effect on the newborn. Informed and written consent was taken from all those who participated in the study.Results: Thrombocytopenia (platelet count <1.5lakh/mm3) was found in 22 (88%) patients out of which 6 (24%) of them had platelet count below 20,000 cells/mm3 and 3(12%) patients required platelet transfusion. Other complications observed were spontaneous abortions (4%); preterm birth (16%), oligohydramnios (8%) and antepartum hemorrhage (4%). One patient was admitted to Intensive Care Unit. Fetal distress and meconium stained amniotic fluid was observed in 16% and 12% patients respectively. Adverse fetal outcome was observed in form of low birth weight, prematurity. 8% of the babies required NICU admission and 4% were Intra Uterine Fetal Death (IUFD).Conclusions: Maternal infection with the dengue virus during antenatal period represents a real risk of premature birth. Early onset or late onset in pregnancy appeared to have a bad prognosis.  A high index of clinical suspicion is essential in any pregnant woman with fever during the epidemic. The treatment of dengue in pregnancy is mainly conservative as in non-pregnant adults. In case of high risk cases early referral to well-equipped health centres where technical, transfusion and intensive care facilities are available may prove lifesaving.
Lactic dehydrogenase as a biochemical marker of adverse pregnancy outcome in severe pre-eclampsia, Gujarat
Authors: Jain Rohit , Upadhyay Chintan , Mehta Latika , Nayak Bipin , Desai Gaurav
Published: July 2017

Background: Serum LDH levels can be used to assess the extent of cellular death and thereby the severity of disease in this group of women. This will help in making decision, about the management guidelines to the better the maternal and fetal outcome. Objective of present study was compare serum LDH levels in the normal pregnant women and in women with preeclampsia and eclampsia in ante-partum period and to study the association of maternal and perinatal outcomes with serum LDH levels.Methods: It is a prospective study done at Obstetrics and Gynecology department, GMERS medical college and civil hospital, Gandhinagar during August-September 2016. Participants were divided into four groups according to severity of disease and into three groups according to serum LDH level.Results: Mean level of LDH (IU/l) in Control, Mild pre-eclampsia, Severe pre-eclampsia & Eclampsia was 302.33, 398.56, 675.26 & 1589.85 respectively. Out of total 34 cases with LDH level >800 IU/L, 47.1% cases had ≥160 mm hg SBP & 52.9% had ≥110 mm hg DBP, mean gestational age and mean baby weight was 36.88 week and 1950 gm, mean apgar score at 10 min was 6.96, 47.1% had uneventful outcome, whereas 58.8% had neonatal complications and 5.9% had neonatal death. Almost 26.5% still births, 47.1% perinatal deaths.Conclusions: Higher serum LDH levels during pregnancy have significant association with severity of disease and maternal and fetal outcomes in patients of preeclampsia and eclampsia and can be considered as a supportive prognostic tool from early third trimester.
Active management of third stage of labour: a comparative study of intra-umbilical oxytocin versus intramuscular oxytocin
Authors: Gupta Neerja , Athokpam Manjushree
Published: July 2017

Background: Postpartum haemorrhage is a single major and leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, not only in the developing countries but also in developed countries. Every 4 minutes one woman dies from pregnancy or child birth related complications. The present study is to compare oxytocin used via intra-umbilical or intramuscular route in the active management of third stage of labour with respect to duration and amount of bleeding.Methods: Four hundred pregnant women at term of a singleton pregnancy with spontaneous onset of labour were included in the study and were randomly divided into 2 groups of 200 women each. Group 1, intra-umbilical oxytocin 10U diluted in 10ml of saline, and Group 2, intramuscular oxytocin 10U were given after the delivery of baby.Results: The outcome criteria with respect to third stage of labour were: duration of the 3rd stage of labour, blood loss by volume, difference in haemoglobin. A significant reduction in duration of third stage (p = 0.001) and blood loss in third stage (p =0.0001) in intra-umbilical oxytocin group was found when compared with intramuscular oxytocin use.Conclusions: Intra-umbilical oxytocin is better alternative to intramuscular oxytocin in active management of third stage of labour.
Clinico pathological study of ovarian neoplasms
Authors: Baru Lina , Patnaik Ranjita , Singh Kunja Bihari
Published: July 2017

Background: Ovarian tumors are common form of neoplasm in women and account for 30% of female genital tract cancers. Ovarian cancer is the sixth most common cancer in women and the leading cause of death in women with gynaecological malignancy. Due to inefficient diagnosis/prognosis strategies mainly due to the lack of specific symptoms at the initial stage of the disease about 70% cases diagnose at advanced stage when the metastatic tumor has acquired drug resistant phenotype.Methods: Prospective study of two years duration with sample of 108 cases of simple oophorectomy and hysterectomy with unilateral or bilateral salpingo oophorectomy specimens are included in this study.Results: Maximum cases were in the age group of 21 to 45 years. Mean age of presentation was 42.84 years (benign tumors), 46.66years (Borderline tumors) and 32.6 years (malignant tumors). Epithelial ovarian tumors are the commonest and constituted 78.7% of all ovarian tumors. In present study 40.74% were benign, 2.78% were borderline and 56.48% were malignant ovarian tumors.Conclusions: Most of the ovarian neoplasms presented in the reproductive age group but ovarian malignancy can occur at all age group and abdominal symptoms are the only clue for the diagnosis of the disease. There is no definite universal screening protocol yet, for malignant ovarian tumors however abdominal symptoms supported by tumor markers like serum CA-125 and ultrasound of abdomen and pelvis with Doppler may be yardstick for early diagnosis of malignant ovarian tumor.