bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ALGUMAS CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A AMBIGUIDADE DO CORPUS PAULINUM
Authors: Silva Roberta Alexandrina da
Published: September 2018

Este artigo discute como os discursos foram apropriados e selecionados, com o intuito de legitimar posturas e comportamentos, acerca do passado cristão, as suas origens, em que o corpus paulinum se tornou um ponto de partida para debates e discussões na atualidade. Portanto, este artigo sugere algumas concepções distintas para conceitos como feminino e masculino, analisados numa perspectiva de gênero. Emerge, dessa análise, outro olhar sobre o papel da sexualidade nas comunidades paulinas do I século e.c., o que permite um confronto dessa leitura com discursos acadêmicos sobre o assunto.
O “TRÂNSITO” ESPACIAL E A CONSTRUÇÃO DA SEXUALIDADE FEMININA NO OÍKOS ATENIENSE DO PERIODO CLÁSSICO
Authors: Santos Juliana Magalhães dos
Published: September 2018

Neste artigo apresentaremos algumas considerações a respeito da sexualidade das mulheres no espaço da casa ateniense no período clássico. A partir de fontes forenses áticas, tentaremos destacar possíveis leituras a respeito da dinâmica sexual feminina no espaço privado. Nosso objetivo é identifcar as tentativas de ruptura e negociação da ordem estabelecida. Consideramos que as ações furtivas e as micro táticas expressavam desejos e interesses sexuais específcos, indicando que o controle estabelecido a partir da lógica masculina não era hegemônico. Instituídas através de “brechas” em atitudes e comportamentos cotidianos, constituiam uma “gramática própria” que tensionava e desregulava temporariamente o papel designado para uma mulher.
OLHARES SOBRE AS MULHERES DA ANTIGUIDADE EM LIVROS DIDÁTICOS: (DES)CONSTRUINDO ESTERIÓTIPOS DE GÊNERO?
Authors: Souza Mariane Pizarro de , Feitosa Lourdes Conde
Published: September 2018

Desde a década de 1960, os estudos relativos às mulheres vêm se ampliando e suas histórias, que foram praticamente ignoradas pelos historiadores até então, começam a ser investigadas. Atualmente, as histórias da fgura feminina e as questões de gênero são temáticas consagradas na academia. Entretanto, nem sempre o que está sendo debatido pelos círculos acadêmicos alcança a sociedade de uma forma geral, e nem as escolas. Para compreender como tais temas estão sendo abordados em sala de aula, a presente pesquisa se propôs a analisar cinco livros didáticos de História do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental II, integrantes das quatorze coleções aprovadas do PNLD de 2017, que tratam de mulheres em variadas sociedades da Antiguidade. O estudo foi realizado a partir das perspectivas do currículo pós-estruturalista multicultural e das próprias questões relativas ao gênero.
An Academic Medical Center’s Learners’ Perceptions of Health Disparities
Authors: Balls-Berry Joyce E. , Greene Eddie , McCormick Jennifer , Quirindongo-Cedeno Onelis , Weavers Karen , Brockman Tabetha A. , Bock Martha , Valdez Soto Miguel , Cornelius Katherine , Patten Christi A. , Enders Felicity T.
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Lack of health equity ultimately leads to unequal treatment of diverse patients and contributes to the growing disparities seen in national health. Academic medical centers should consider providing health care providers and biomedical researchers training on how to identify and address health disparities.
Methods: The authors led an introductory health disparities course for graduate students and research and clinical fellows at an academic medical center in the Midwest. We compared pre/postcourse assessments to determine changes in learners’ perceptions and knowledge of health disparities using an unpaired analysis to permit inclusion of responses provided only at baseline.
Results: Sixty-two learners completed preassessment, with 56 completing the postassessment (90%). In the postcourse assessment, learners reported an increase in knowledge of disparities and had changes in their perceptions of health disparities linked to treatment of different patient groups based on demographic characteristics. There was a statistically significant difference in learners’ perceptions of how patients are treated based on gender identity (P=0.02) and sexual orientation (P=0.04).
Conclusions: The results detail how an academic medical center can provide training on health disparities for diverse learners. This study underscores the influence of health disparities from the perspective of learners who conduct biomedical research and patient care. This course serves a model for introductory-level health disparities courses.
Los Compuestos Fenólicos, Un Acercamiento A Su Biosíntesis, Síntesis Y Actividad Biológica
Authors: Martín Gordo Dario Alonso
Published: September 2018

Los compuestos fenólicos hacen parte de uno de los grupos más abundantes dentro de los metabolitos secundarios. Éstos se biosintetizan en las plantas por medio de rutas como la de ácido shikímico y la del acetato-malonato. En esta revisión se hace alución a algunos grupos de polifenoles que se originan en los vegetales, por medio de dichas vías. Por la ruta del shikimato se pueden producir ácidos aromáticos como el ácido corísmico, prefénico, quínico, gálico que pueden ser bloques de construcción de muchos otros compuestos más funcionalizados. También a partir del ácido cinámico podemos obtener grupos tan diversos como las cumarinas, las chalconas, los favonoles, flavanonas, ligninas, lignanos. Si hacemos referencia a la ruta del acetato-malonato, se pueden generar fenoles simples como el ácido metilsalícilo y otros derivados como el ácido orsellínico, y derivados de los mismos. Debido a la importancia aplicativa de los polifenoles, se han planteado algunos métodos químicos de síntesis para obtenerlos, en este documento se mencionan algunos. Por último se presentan algunos resultados de investigaciones en donde se estudia la actividad biológica de los polifenoles, mencionándose las actividades antioxidante, antimicrobiana, anticáncer, efectos benéficos sobre la salud.
Validación de un modelo matemático para predicción de la fermentación y secado del grano de cacao
Authors: Mejía Córdoba Carlos Arturo
Published: September 2018

El proceso de beneficio de cacao, determina la calidad final de los granos; en sus etapas se promueven precursores de color, sabor y aroma característicos a chocolate, por tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue validar el desarrollo de un modelo matemático para la fermentación y secado de cacao con el que se busca garantizar y asegurar la calidad final del grano, para ello, una vez generados los modelos se compararon los valores reales y los estimados por el modelo. Posteriormente se calculó el Error del pronóstico, el Error Absoluto Medio y Error Cuadrático Medio, como índices estadísticos para determinar la correlación entre los datos reales y los estimados por el modelo. Finalmente, se puedo concluir que al comparar los valores obtenidos con los predichos, es posible afirmar que el modelo puede pronosticar el contenido de humedad del grano de cacao, con un nivel de confianza del 95%, adicionalmente el R2 al ser un valor cercano a 1, indica que existe una fuerte correlación entre los datos reales y los pronosticados por el modelo, lo que es confirmado al presentar un 1,4% de error. No obstante se debe ajustar la herramienta, con variables de temperatura y humedad relativa, buscando mejorar la predicción y disminuir el error el modelo, para la variable, granos bien fermentados.
Prácticas Agrícolas Y Riesgos A La Salud Por El Uso De Plaguicidas En Agrícultores Subregión Mojana – Colombia
Authors: Gordon Morante Candelaria , Marrugo Negrete José Luis
Published: September 2018

Las implicaciones a la salud del trabajador agrícola por el uso de plaguicidas se constituyen en una de las mayores preocupaciones actuales en materia sanitaria, debido al uso indiscriminado de los mismos y la posible no aplicación de controles que prevengan enfermedades, accidentes laborales  y/o daños en el ambiente. El presente estudio, desarrollado en la subregión de la Mojana en el departamento de Sucre-Colombia (Municipios de Majagual, Sucre y Guaranda), tuvo como objetivo evaluar las implicaciones de los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas frente al uso de plaguicidas en la salud de los trabajadores agrícolas, para lo cual se describieron los conocimientos, actitudes, prácticas en el uso de plaguicidas y las manifestaciones de intoxicaciones y síntomas en la salud de una muestra de 200 trabajadores agrícolas; se realizaron asociaciones estadísticas utilizando la prueba chi-cuadrado para conocer cuáles de las variables de estudio influían en implicaciones a la salud y se valoraron los niveles de riesgos bajo la metodología GTC 45 2010. Como resultados relevantes se encontraron incumplimientos legales a los Decretos 1843 de 1991, 1443 de 2004, 4741 2005, 1072 y 1076 de 2015; las variables que presentaron asociación estadística fueron: sexo, nivel educativo, el tiempo empleando plaguicidas y el uso de elementos de protección personal y el nivel de riesgo según  metodología GTC 45 2010 es muy alto. Se recomienda la implementación de sistemas de vigilancia epidemiológica, controles en la disposición de residuos peligrosos, sensibilizaciones en prácticas agrícolas y manejo de plagas sin químicos.
Lipoxins Protect Against Inflammation in Diabetes-Associated Atherosclerosis
Authors: Brennan Eoin P. , Mohan Muthukumar , McClelland Aaron , de Gaetano Monica , Tikellis Christos , Marai Mariam , Crean Daniel , Dai Aozhi , Beuscart Ophelie , Derouiche Sinda , Gray Stephen P. , Pickering Raelene , Tan Sih Min , Godson-Treacy Molly , Sheehan Stephen , Dowdall Joseph F. , Barry Mary , Belton Orina , Ali-Shah Syed Tasadaque , Guiry Patrick J. , Jandeleit-Dahm Karin , Cooper Mark E. , Godson Catherine , Kantharidis Phillip
Published: September 2018

Increasing evidence points to the fact that defects in the resolution of inflammatory pathways predisposes individuals to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, including diabetic complications such as accelerated atherosclerosis. The resolution of inflammation is dynamically regulated by the production of endogenous modulators of inflammation, including lipoxin A4 (LXA4). Here, we explored the therapeutic potential of LXA4 and a synthetic LX analog (Benzo-LXA4) to modulate diabetic complications in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic ApoE−/− mouse and in human carotid plaque tissue ex vivo. The development of diabetes-induced aortic plaques and inflammatory responses of aortic tissue, including the expression of vcam-1, mcp-1, il-6, and il-1β, was significantly attenuated by both LXA4 and Benzo-LXA4 in diabetic ApoE−/− mice. Importantly, in mice with established atherosclerosis, treatment with LXs for a 6-week period, initiated 10 weeks after diabetes onset, led to a significant reduction in aortic arch plaque development (19.22 ± 2.01% [diabetic]; 12.67 ± 1.68% [diabetic + LXA4]; 13.19 ± 1.97% [diabetic + Benzo-LXA4]). Secretome profiling of human carotid plaque explants treated with LXs indicated changes to proinflammatory cytokine release, including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. LXs also inhibited platelet-derived growth factor–stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and transmigration and endothelial cell inflammation. These data suggest that LXs may have therapeutic potential in the context of diabetes-associated vascular complications.
The Implementation of Advance Organizer Model on Mathematical Communication Skills in terms of Learning Motivation
Authors: Putra Fredi Ganda , Widyawati Santi , Asyhari Ardian , Putra Rizki Wahyu Yunian
Published: September 2018

Students’ low mathematical communication skill is influenced by several factors such as learning models applied by teachers in the classroom and the students’ learning motivation. Advanced organizer Model is appropriate to improve the students’ low ability. This study aims to determine whether: (1) there is an influence of advance organizer model toward the mathematical communication skill; (2) there is an influence of learning motivation toward the students’ mathematical communication skill, and; (3) there is an interaction between learning model and motivation toward mathematical communication skill. This research employs quasi-experimental design and the statistical analysis used is the two-ways variance with unequal cells. The result of this research shows that: (1) there is an influence of advance organizer model toward mathematical communication skill; (2) there is an influence of learning motivation toward students’ mathematical communication skill, and ; (3) there is no interaction between learning model and motivation toward mathematical communication ability.
The Analysis of SWOT Management and Students’ Interest toward STKIP Muhammadiyah Sungai Penuh
Authors: Sakdiah Halimatus , Arpenas Arpenas
Published: September 2018

In the Academic Year of 2016-2017, only a few students who enrolled at STKIP Muhammadiyah Sungai Penuh especially on the Physics Education Study Program. This phenomenon was the reason to carry out this research. To overcome this problem, the researchers conducted this qualitative and quantitative research through the use of a questionnaire and validated documents. Samples were selected and taken through random sampling technique. The result of the questionnaire was used to observe the interest of high school students in continuing their education than used as an external factor in conducting SWOT analysis. From the results and discussion, it can be concluded that 1) STKIP Muhammadiyah Sungai Penuh position is in the cell -1 which means it is in a strong market position and highly competitive education industry field. 2) STKIP Muhammadiyah will be more advanced if evaluation and implementation of long term and short term strategies are conducted continuously. 3) Based on the percentage obtained, high school students’ interest in continuing education to college is high, reaching 80%. However, the interest to continue their education to STKIP Muhammadiyah is only 73.1% and the interest in Physics Education Study Program is only 59.1% and 4) students’ interest in continuing education is influenced by several factors such as motivation and aspirations, interest, parents, peers, siblings and school environment.
Project Based Learning (PjBL) Model on the Mathematical Representation Ability
Authors: Ratnasari Nining , Tadjudin Nilawati , Syazali Muhamad , Mujib Mujib , Andriani Siska
Published: September 2018

This study aims to determine the comparison of students 'mathematical representation ability through the Project Based Learning (PjBL) Model and the students' mathematical representation ability through the conventional model. The PjBL model is a student-centered, innovative, project-based learning model and positioned teachers as effective facilitators in the contextual learning related to real life situation. This research employed quasi-experimental design. The research applied the posttest only non-equivalent control group design through randomized cluster sampling. The data collection technique used was test. The instrument used to collect the data was the essay test. Data analysis was conducted using independent sample t-test. The result of the data calculation through the Independent-Sample T-Test test obtained the significance level of 0.913 means that the students’ mathematical representation ability was better after the learning through Project Based Learning (PjBL) model was conducted compared to the students' mathematical representation ability through a conventional model. This means that the PjBL model is more influential on students' mathematical representation ability.
Implementation of Maintenance Scenario for Critical Subsystem In Aircraft Engine: Case Study NTP CT7 Engine
Authors: Dwi Atmaji Fransiskus Tatas , Noviyanti Anna Annida , Juliani Widia
Published: September 2018

An aircraft company needs to "secure" their aircraft engine for a good maintenance system to keep the optimum engine's performance during the flight. This paper proposed maintenance analysis and scenario for the CT7, the main engine for aircraft at NTP company. A failure data record from four critical components of the CT7 engine is analyzed using Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) and Risk Based Maintenance (RBM) methods to obtain the optimum maintenance interval task for the critical subsystem of the CT7 engine and also seeing the risk of maintenance cost of the engine's failure effect. The RCM analysis result obtained seven scheduled on condition task, six scheduled discard task, and three scheduled restoration task. The interval of the maintenance schedule of each critical component varies according to the function obtained. And based RBM analysis, the risk from system performance loss is got $ 7.014.841, 90. Meanwhile, the total cost of maintenance interval based on a calculation of optimal time interval got $1.885.612, 82.
Persistent Pain After Wrist or Hand Fracture: Development and Validation of a Prognostic Model
Authors: Cashin Aidan G. , Traeger Adrian C. , Hübscher Markus , Moseley G. Lorimer , di Pietro Flavia , Parkitny Luke , McAuley James H.
Published: September 2018

Background

Worldwide, the incidence of wrist fracture is increasing. There are currently no externally validated prognostic models to inform early decision making for these patients.

Objectives

To develop and validate a prognostic model from a comprehensive range of candidate prognostic factors that can identify patients who are at risk of developing persistent pain following wrist or hand fracture.

Methods

We developed and validated a prognostic model using secondary data derived from a prospective cohort study (n = 715), with recruitment sites in 3 metropolitan hospitals in Sydney, Australia. The primary outcome was persistent pain 4 months following the injury. The current study used a backward stepwise regression analysis to develop the model in 2 hospitals (n = 408) and externally validate it in a third hospital (n = 307). To determine the accuracy of the model, we assessed calibration and discrimination in accordance with the PROGnosis RESearch Strategy framework.

Results

Complete data were available for 95% of the cohort. Of 14 candidate variables, the final model contained 2 prognostic factors: patient age and pain intensity reported at initial presentation. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.63 (95% confidence interval: 0.56, 0.69) in the development sample and 0.61 (95% confidence interval: 0.51, 0.70) in the validation sample. The model systematically overestimated risk (intercept, −1.13; slope, 0.73).

Conclusion

We developed and externally validated a prognostic model to predict persistent pain 4 months after a wrist or hand fracture. Future studies are needed to assess whether the accuracy of this model can be improved by updating and validating it in local settings.

Level of Evidence

Prognosis, level 1b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2019;49(1):28–35. Epub 12 Sep 2018. doi:10.2519/jospt.2019.8342
PENERAPAN METODE KOOPERATIF TIPE TAI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN SISWA TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA
Authors: Nuraspida Nuraspida
Published: September 2018

Hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran Matematika khususnya pada materi operasi hitung bilangan bulat positif dan negatif tahun pelajaran 2016/2017 sangat rendah. Hal ini dibuktikan berdasarkan hasil evaluasi yang dilakukan guru sekitar 70% mendapatkan nilai dibawah Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimum yang ditetapkan sekolah untuk pembelajaran Matematika kelas IV yaitu 60.  Salah satu faktor yang menjadi penyebab rendahnya hasil belajar siswa adalah ketidaktepatan penggunaan model atau strategi pembelajaran yang digunakan guru dalam menyampaikan materi yang diajarkan di kelas. Hal ini disebabkan karena guru kurang memahami konsepsi siswa dan tidak membangkitkan perubahan konseptual siswa.Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dilaksanakannya penelitian tindakan kelas sebagai upaya perbaikan pembelajaran dengan  menerapkan metode kooperatif  tipe Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) mampu meningkatkan pemahaman siswa terhadap materi operasi hitung bilangan bulat positif dan negatif pada pembelajaran Matematika Kelas IV SDN 4 Teluk Melano  semester genap tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Hasil yang didapat setelah pelaksanaan penelitikan tindakan kelas dengan  menerapkan metode kooperatif  tipe Team assisted Individualization (TAI)  selama 2 siklus penelitian adalah Pada Siklus II jumlah siswa yang mendapatkan  nilai diatas KKM pada perbaikan pembelajaran siklus II meningkat dari jumlah yang sebelumnya 10 orang menjadi 14 orang mendapatkan nilai diatas KKM. Pada siklus II ini terjadi pula penurunan jumlah siswa yang mendapatkan nilai dibawah KKM setelah dievaluasi yaitu hanya tinggal 6 orang atau sekitar 30%  dari 20 orang siswa.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR PAI DENGAN METODE TEAM QIUZSISWA KELAS VI
Authors: Ernawati Ernawati
Published: September 2018

The purpose of the research is to improve students achievement using Team Quiz method on the sixth grade of 07elementary school in East Pontianak, Pontianak City (Borneo). This research was Classroom Action Research, using John Elliotl model. The subjects were  sixth grade students. The data were collected  through  achievement  test,  observation  sheets,  questionnaires,  and  documentation.  The  data  were analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative analysis.The results show that the implementation of Team Quiz method can improve the process and the results of religion studies on the sixth  grade. The improvement of learning process shown by students that are more active and communicative. In addition, the results indicated by the percentage of completeness in pre-action amounted to 41,93%, 61,29%  in the first cycle, and 90,32% in the second cycle.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS SURAT DENGAN PENDEKATAN CONTEKSTUAL TEACHING & LEARNING PADA SISWA KELAS IV
Authors: Juriah Marta
Published: September 2018

Abstract: This study aims to find out how much influence the contextual teaching and learning approach can improve the writing skills of letters grade IV students SDN 04 Nanga Pinoh. The type of research is Classroom Action Research designed by using cycle model by Kemmis and Mc Taggart. Where in the implementation of this PTK action consists of 4 stages, namely: planning, implementation of action, observation and reflection, with the aim to compare the value before the action and after the action. Technique of data collecting is done by observation observation and result of student learning test. The subjects of the study were the fourth grade students of SDN 04 Nanga Pinoh, which amounted to 27 people. There was an increase of learning achievement by using Contextual Teaching & Learning approach of personal letter writing writing to fourth grade students of SDN 04 Nanga Pinoh. This is evident in the increase in the value of the initial test of 27 students by 64 with 63% of students experiencing completeness. In cycle I the average value obtained by 80 then in cycle II the average value obtained increased by 81 with 92% of students experiencing completeness in learning. Based on these data it can be seen that the contextual teaching and learning approach can improve the writing skill of grade 4 students of SDN 04 Nanga Pinoh.Keywords: Contextual Teaching & Learning Approach, Writing Skills
NILAI RAPOR SEKOLAH MENENGAH DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN INDEKS PRESTASI KOMULATIF MAHASISWA
Authors: Lukmanulhakim Lukmanulhakim
Published: September 2018

Pandangan psikologi kognitif menyatakan bahwa, pengetahuan prasyarat sangat menentukan keberhasilan studi seseorang. Nilai raport sekolah menengah dapat menjadi pengetahuan prasyarat mahasiswa.  Asumsi teoritik tersebut di atas perlu dibuktikan kebenarannya. Untuk itu peneliti memiliki masalah yang berkaitan dengan konsistensi hasil belajaran dibuktikan dari nilai raport sekolah menengah dan hubungannya dengan Indeks Prestasi Komulatif. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah: 1) Bagaimana nilai raport sekolah menengah pada mahasiswa Prodi PG PG PAUD FKIP Untan?; 2)Bagaimana Indeks Prestasi Komuatif (IPK) mahasiswa Prodi PG PG PAUD FKIP Untan?; 3)Apakah terhadap hubungan antara nilai raport sekolah menengah dengan Indeks Prestasi Komuatif (IPK) mahasiswa Prodi PG PG PAUD FKIP Untan?. Pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuatitatif dengan bentuk studi korelasional.Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa Prodi PAUD FKIP Untan dengan sampel 94 orang mahasiswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik dokumenter dan angket. Data di analisis menggunakan analisis korelasional dengan pendekatan regresi menggunakan program aplikasi SPSS for Windows. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di atas menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata nilai raport memiliki N sebanyak 94 dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 79,675, standar deviasi 6,817, variansi 46,469, nilai minimum 55,60, nilai maksimum 95,81, dan nilai yang paling seringmuncul (modus) 79. Sedangkan untuk IPK memiliki N sebanyak 94 dengan nilai rata-rata 4,409, standar deviasi 0,234, variansi 0,055, nilai minimum 2,71, nilai maksimum 3,90, nilai yang paling sering muncul (modus) 3,20.Disamping itu, hasil penelitian tersebut menunjukkan nilai Sig adalah 0,231.Karena nilai Sig lebih besar dari  (0,231 > 0,05), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa  diterima, yang artinya bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara rata-rata raport dengan IPK. Hal ini dapat diartikan bahwa rata-rata nilai raport seseorang tidak mempunyai korelasi dengan IPK yang diperolehnya.Dan hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan nilai bahwa jalur masuk perguruan tinggi seseorang tidak mempunyai korelasi dengan IPK yang diperolehnya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang menyatakan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan nilai raport dengan Indeks Prestasi Komulatif (IPK), maka penulis mencoba memberikan pembahasan sebagai berikut.
Are Islamic Banks Really Different from Conventional Banks? An Investigation using Classification Techniques
Authors:   Associate Professor/Chairman Research, International Institute of Islamic Economics (IIIE), International Islamic University (IIU), Islamabad, Pakistan, Rashid Abdul , Riaz Mamoona ,   Visiting Faculty Member, International Institute of Islamic Economics (IIIE), International Islamic University (IIU), Islamabad, Pakistan, Khan Atiq-uz-Zaffar ,   Assistant Professor/DG, International Institute of Islamic Economics (IIIE), International Islamic University (IIU), Islamabad, Pakistan
Published: September 2018

This paper contributes to the empirical literature on Islamic finance by doing comparison of Islamic and conventional banks in Pakistan over the period 2005-2014. We apply both non-parametric and parametric classification methods (neural network, linear discriminant analysis, and logistic regression) to investigate whether financial ratios can be used to distinguish between Islamic and conventional banks. Univariate analysis reveals that Islamic banks are less profitable, better capitalized, more liquid, and have low level of credit risk as compared to their conventional counterparts. We also find that Islamic banks have more operating leverage in comparison to conventional banks. The results from classification techniques show that the two types of banks may be distinguished in terms of insolvency risk, credit risk, efficiency, and operating leverage, but not in terms of liquidity and profitability. More interestingly, we find that the financial crisis has a negative effect on the profitability of both Islamic and conventional banks. Lastly, the results show that the neural model obtained higher classification accuracies as compared to other models used in the study.
Islamic Banking and Finance: A New Paradigm in International Relations
Authors:   Ph.D scholar, International Institute of Islamic Economics (IIIE), International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan and Assistant Professor, Government College, Mallot, Bagh, Azad Kashmir, Khan Abdul Qayyum , Bhatti Arshad Ali ,   Assistant Professor, School of Economics, IIIE, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Published: September 2018

This paper aims to explore whether Islamic banking and finance could be a means of developing new international relations among Muslim as well as non-Muslim countries. It uses self-administered survey data and employs descriptive and logistic regression for analysis. The key findings show that Islamic banking and finance is indeed a means of building up on new international relations by its integration with the conventional financial system. It does this by promoting education and research, and bringing peace and harmony in and among States by controlling radical elements. Also, it is a means to win friends with cooperation among Muslim nations and others through interfaith dialogue. This is the first empirical study of its kind on the matter in question.
Moderating Role of Islamic Work Ethics and Mediating Role of Organizational Identification on Leader-Member Exchange and Citizenship Behavior Relationship: A Test of Moderated Mediation Model
Authors:   PhD. Candidate, Faculty of Management Sciences (FMS), Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan., Hussain Sajjad , Shahzad Khurram ,   Professor & Associate Dean, FMS, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan., Khan Khurram ,   Associate Professor/Chairman RCIB, FMS, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan., Ahmad Ifzal ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Business Management, Karakorum International University, Gilgit, Pakistan.
Published: September 2018

The present study aims to investigate the indirect relationship of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) and followers’ citizenship behavior through Organizational Identification (OI) for the first time using Social Identity Theory (STI), and to widen the scope of research by explaining differences in LMX-citizenship behavior relationship through OI arising from a moderating role of Islamic Work Ethics (IWE). The questionnaire comprising supervisor and subordinate-rated measures and a time-lagged data collection design has been used for data collection. Based on a convenience sample of 408 subordinates who were attached with 142 supervisors from developing country like Pakistan, mediation and moderated-mediation was tested using PROCESS. Results supported the mediating role of OI between LMX and follower citizenship behavior. Moderated mediation analysis confirmed the conditional effect of IWE on the indirect relationship between LMX and citizenship behavior through OI.
Tawarruq through PMEX using High Speed Diesel (HSD
Authors:   The Editor, Journal of Islamic Business and Management, Ayub Muhammad
Published: September 2018

On demand of some Islamic banks in Pakistan, the Pakistan Mercantile Exchange (PMEX) designed a structured product over the last some years to enable Islamic banks to do tawarruq using HSD as the underlying commodity. Keeping in view many Shar¯ı‘ah issues, the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) allowed Islamic Banking Institutions (IBIs) on November 02, 2017 to undertake Commodity Mur¯abah. ah (CM) transactions through the PMEX for a pilot phase till March 31, 2018, the period that has been extended till October 31, 2018. A good move to be seen in this regard was that in the pilot phase HSD based tawarruq could be done only with the Islamic Banking Institutions (IBIs) in Pakistan. However, as IBIs have other modes like mur¯abah. ah and wak¯alah al-istithm¯ar (investment agency) for intra-Islamic banks liquidity placement, use of PMEX platform for tawarruq remained minimal and only six transactions were undertaken by a few IBIs. Keeping in view that the ‘Pilot Phase’ is coming to an end and that some banks have been anxious to get regulatory permission for excessive use of tawarruq as a means of investment and financing, the Journal of Islamic Business and Management (JIBM) considered it appropriate to discuss the related Shar¯ı‘ah issues precisely enabling the Shar¯ı‘ah scholars, the regulator and the practitioners to decide the matter for long-term benefit of Islamic finance industry.
The 1st URNCST Journal Research Abstract Competition: Undergraduate Discoveries in Science and Technology
Authors: Cowls Molly , Ng Jeremy
Published: September 2018

The URNCST Journal Research Competition provides undergraduate students with the opportunity to experience the peer-review and publication process associated with research they have conducted under the supervision of a research mentor (i.e. a scientist or a professor) in an academic setting. The following research abstracts were submitted by un-dergraduate students to the 1st URNCST Journal Research Competition held during August 2018. To learn more about this abstract competition and submit your own, please visit: https://urncst.com/index.php/competition/about.
Poverty measurement and policy
Authors: Stephens Bob
Published: September 2018

The measurement of poverty is a contested academic exercise and a very controversial political issue. There is no single, accepted method of either conceptualising or measuring poverty. Each method of analysis results in identifying a different proportion of the population (as having an inadequate standard of living). This means that for different family, age or ethnic groupings, there may be a greater (or lesser) likelihood of being poor. Inevitably, the determination of who is poor has a major impact on the choice of policy measures to alleviate and ameliorate that poverty.
Contemporary economic games
Authors: Victorio Antong
Published: September 2018

The economic theory of games derives its name from the study of strategic interactions - games - between individuals known as players who are thought to be rational, self-interested and informed. The players use the information to form beliefs about each other’s intentions. Their options for a decision are known as strategies. Their benefits or costs are known as payoffs and their decisions can be an equilibrium. The players may choose whether or not to cooperate with each other. If they do not cooperate, the theory is that of a non-cooperative game and the players are in a situation of conflict.
Why we should all be nicer to Ministerial advisers
Authors: Eichbaum Chris , Shaw Richard
Published: September 2018

Karen Baehler’s contribution to the previous edition of this journal was a stimulating one in several respects. It provided a reminder of the timelessness of the debate about the rationality of policy-making, gave us something new to think about (the public argument test), and offered a number of thoughtful points on the subject of how far policy analysts should go in their endeavours to do the right thing.
Politics, power and public policy-making: a response to Karen Baehler
Authors: Gregory Robert
Published: September 2018

Karen Baehler’s interpretation of my articles (Gregory, 1998, 2002, 2004) indicates that we are largely talking past each other. I believe we make a fundamentally different assumption about the nature of politics in what she refers to as ‘a healthy democratic polity’ (p.3), and about the nature of a capitalist political-economic system. Whereas Baehler acknowledges the importance of the political dimensions of policy analysis and public policymaking, I believe that these elements are more than just important but essential, omnipresent, ineluctable and conclusive in shaping public policy and its effects.
A scientific backdrop to climate change policy
Authors: Weaver Sean
Published: September 2018

Never before in history have we known so much about the earth and our interactions with it. Science has been a great investment, and now scientists the world over are sending a solemn warning: we are changing the climate, and the threat this poses to the economy and society is significant. These threats are not merely a marginal concern. They relate to the natural resource backbone of economic and political life.
New Zealand’s energy future: a review of A Sustainable Energy Future for New Zealand by 2050 and Future Currents
Authors: Chapman Ralph , Piddington Ken
Published: September 2018

Not for a few decades has there been a greater level of concern about New Zealand’s longer-term energy future, and the interplay between energy issues and climate change issues. In particular, energy issues continue to vex many New Zealanders, not least those facing the prospect of new electricity transmission pylons south of Auckland, energy users worried about supply shortages over the next winter, and vehicle drivers facing another oil price increase as crude oil in world markets hovers around US$70 per barrel. At the same time, concerns about climate change are intensifying, with some arguing that New Zealand government policy advisers and ministers have failed to grasp the magnitude of this issue. Currently, advisers are exploring new climate change policy instruments, following the government’s decision to drop the carbon tax which had been scheduled for introduction in April 2007.
Will unchecked global warming destroy civilisation by century’s end? What three degrees of global warming really means
Authors: Barrett Peter
Published: September 2018

A temperature change of 3ºC is something we experience wherever we are on earth every day - in fact a typical daily change in most places is more like 8 or 9ºC. In the past few years scientists have become concerned because global temperature has risen 0.6ºC. So why the fuss?
Strategic planning under the Local Government Act 2002: towards collaboration or compliance?
Authors: Reid Mike , Scott Claudia , McNeill Jeff
Published: September 2018

By July 2006 all 85 local authorities expect to have their 10-year Long Term Council Community Plans (LTCCPs) signed and sealed, and passing muster with an unqualified audit report. The new Local Government Act 2002 (LGA 2002) has provided councils with general empowerment and introduced a new purpose (section 3) for local government: to ‘promote the social, economic, cultural and environmental well-being of communities now and for the future’.
Agents or stewards? Contracting with voluntary organisations
Authors: Cribb Jo
Published: September 2018

In order to escape a violent partner, take a disabled child swimming, get information about government services or extinguish a rural house fire, New Zealanders will generally interact with a voluntary organisation. In many areas of government voluntary organisations play an important delivery and operational role. A modest estimate (based on data from only 14 government departments) suggests that at least $650 million of public social services are delivered each year by voluntary organisations via government contracts (Community and Voluntary Sector Working Party, 2001).
Tomorrow’s primary schools: time to evaluate governance alternatives?
Authors: Springford Liz
Published: September 2018

It is almost two decades since the reforms known as ‘Tomorrow’s Schools’ radically decentralised the administration of New Zealand primary schools. Designed to improve the responsiveness, accountability and community control of schools, the success or otherwise of these administrative reforms has not been formally evaluated. Meanwhile, expectations of what schools should deliver have changed markedly, with policy makers increasingly concerned with reducing educational disparity. This concern has led to Parliament’s education and science select committee announcing in May 2006 that it will hold an inquiry into ‘making the schooling system work for every child’.
Beyond Westminster: thinking the Aotearoa/New Zealand way of governing
Authors: Ryan Bill
Published: September 2018

Something intriguing is going on within the political executive. In response to emerging conditions of governing in the late 20th and early 21st century in countries like New Zealand, some public servants are acting in new ways that are quite different from certain key prescriptions of the traditional, Westminster-derived constitutional framework on which our polity is based. This paper identifies some of these changes and considers their implications.
New governance, new dilemmas: post-reform issues in New Zealand’s public sector
Authors: Norman Richard
Published: September 2018

During fast-paced reforms of the 1980s and 1990s in New Zealand, the emphasis was on ‘problem solving’ to create a new system of governance. With ‘new governance’ structures in place for nearly 20 years, a major management role is that of reconciling dilemmas arising from prescriptions for reform. The art of managing dilemmas – the balancing of competing propositions – is described in this article. Eight dilemmas are identifi ed to encapsulate the tensions that are evident in a model which gives managers considerable delegated authority for fi nance and people, while holding them accountable for results.
Managing for outcomes: understanding clients
Authors: Ryan Bill
Published: September 2018

Is ‘managing for outcomes’ (MFO) working? It is interesting that people are starting to ask the question, yet, as always, evaluative answers depend on the prescribed objectives and the time allowed for realising them. I’m not sure that the question can yet be answered, but it is possible to talk about some areas of recent learning.
Positive ageing: a critical analysis
Authors: Davey Judith , Glasgow Kathy
Published: September 2018

Throughout the world governments are beginning to respond to the challenges of population ageing, often in rhetoric implying that ageing will bring about a ‘crisis’. These responses generally centre on the fiscal implications of retirement income support and health care services (OECD, 1998). The OECD notes the need for a broad and holistic approach to ageing, reflecting the interdependence of policies, but this can be a daunting prospect. The New Zealand government has taken up this challenge through its Positive Ageing Strategy (PAS) and is not alone in this; there have been similar initiatives in other countries. In examining these policy documents it is clear that there are common underlying values. This paper critically examines PAS, and makes comparisons between it and strategies on ageing from Australia and the United Kingdom. The paper argues that the three strategies reflect a positive discourse on ageing that has implications for both current and future generations of older people.
Commentary: issues in ‘economic transformation’
Authors: Holmes Frank
Published: September 2018

‘Economic transformation’ implies a desire to effect significant change in the form or character of the economy. I have lived through several economic transformations, and policies designed to transform the economy, in New Zealand. The most significant transformation was probably the large-scale transfer of manpower and other resources after 1939 from peacetime production to military purposes and the provision of food for armed forces in Europe, the Middle East and the Pacific, and then the return to a very regulated, insulated and corporatised economy, highly dependent on resuming the sale of pastoral commodities to what remained for some years a reasonably assured and profitable market in the United Kingdom. This facilitated the pursuit of policies giving priority to full employment, import substitution, the maintenance of ‘fair shares’ among the dominant interest groups and the improvement of health, education and welfare.
How effective is financial education?
Authors: O'Connell Alison
Published: September 2018

New Zealand has an international reputation for its early promotion of financial education and information. Governments in many other countries are now sponsoring financial education programmes in efforts to improve apparently low levels of financial literacy. But despite it being such a hot public policy topic, there has been little evaluation of the effectiveness of financial education.
Managing for joint outcomes: the breakthrough from the front line
Authors: Gill Derek , Eppel Elizabeth , Lips Miriam , Ryan Bill
Published: September 2018

Moving from planning for outcomes through formal accountability documents such as Statements of Intent to actually managing for outcomes is a difficult challenge – the ‘reach for the impossible’, in Weber’s words. But it is an important challenge if we are to achieve the goal of ‘a world class system of professional State Services serving the government of the day and meeting the needs of New Zealanders’. One way to progress managing for outcomes is through top-down approaches, reflected in the central agency guidance, Getting Better at Managing for Shared Outcomes.
Sub-replacement fertility: is this an issue for New Zealand?
Authors: Callister Paul , Didham Robert
Published: September 2018

In all industrialised countries, including New Zealand, the population is ‘ageing’. The reasons for this vary somewhat between nations but, in most, a key driver has been a shift to below-replacement fertility rates. This ageing of the population has raised policy concerns in individual countries and international agencies as to how to economically support the growing proportion of the population that is projected to be no longer active in the labour market (e.g. Blöndal and Scarpetta, 1998; Weller, 2001). While reforming public retirement schemes is part of the policy agenda, other options to reduce the problems associated with an ageing population are also being investigated.
Whither the Crown’s interest in South Island high country land reform?
Authors: Brower Ann
Published: September 2018

The South Island high country has long been the subject of debate over resource use and ecological protection. Since early 2006, the ownership and relative value of property rights in high country pastoral leases have become controversial. This article reviews recent research (chiefly Brower (2006) and Brower, Monks and Meguire (in review)) on the law, politics and economics of land reform in the high country.
Education and local government working together: a community governance approach
Authors: Vester Bernadine
Published: September 2018

Relationships between the education and local government sectors have historically been related to matters such as rates impacts, building consents, attending to transport or community safety, or the use of parks, libraries and leisure facilities. Yet community well-being, for which local government is responsible, is influenced by the network of schools and other educational institutions within a particular geographic area, and the issues that affect them all. Education as an agent of well-being features strongly in the long term council community plans (LTCCPs) of local government (Reid, Scott & McNeill, 2006).
By accident or design: changes in the structure of the state of New Zealand
Authors: Gill Derek
Published: September 2018

This article will try to sort out myths from realities by exploring three broad questions: â€¢ Has the state in fact become more fragmented? â€¢ What is the evidence about the effect of structure on performance? â€¢ What do the likely future trends imply for the structure of the state?
Managing for joint outcomes: connecting up the horizontal and the vertical
Authors: Ryan Bill , Gill Derek , Eppel Elizabeth , Lips Miriam
Published: September 2018

In pockets throughout the New Zealand public sector, ordinary officials are doing extraordinary things as they learn to do something very difficult: how to collaborate with people from other agencies. This occurs as they learn what needs to be done in managing for shared outcomes in complex policy cases. They appear to be doing excellent work in achieving desired outcomes for clients; yet they are doing so in spite of the public management system they work in, without much support from their organisations and the sector generally, and in the general absence of a learning culture. As there are no textbooks, they also confront the challenge of making it up as they go along. In several respects, therefore, their ways of working are unlike those assumed by traditional models of Westminster officials – and Kiwis may be better off because of it.