bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining patterns of the vertical load on a covered wagon roof with a frame in the form of a triangular arch
Authors: Lovska Alyona , Stanovska Iraida , Prokopovych Ihor , Sydorenko Ihor , Muradian Arsen
Published: September 2024

The object of this paper is the processes of perception and redistribution of loads in the roof of a railroad covered wagon with a frame in the form of a triangular arch.
To reduce the tare of the covered wagon, it is proposed to improve the structure of its roof. A feature of this improvement is that the roof frame is made in the form of a triangular arch with a reinforcing belt. This contributes to the reduction of the total mass of the roof compared to a typical structure. The selection of execution profiles of the beams forming the arch is carried out according to the maximum values of the moments that act in their cross-section. Taking into account the chosen profile of the arches, the calculation of the strength of the roof when it receives vertical loads was carried out. It was established that the strength of the roof under the considered load schemes is within the permissible stress values. Since the improvement of the roof structure contributes to the reduction of its weight by 1.8 % compared to the prototype, the movement of the covered wagon was evaluated under conditions of moving while empty. To this end, a mathematical modeling of the load of the covered wagon in the vertical plane during its movement along the joint unevenness was carried out. On the basis of the performed calculation, it was established that the movement of the wagon is assessed as "good".
Special feature of the results is that the reduction of the tare of the supporting structure of the wagon was achieved by improving its roof, as the least loaded unit.
The field of practical application of the results is railroad transport, including other areas of mechanical engineering. The conditions for the practical use of the results are a symmetrical roof load scheme in operation.
The results of this research could contribute to advancements related to the design of modern structures of freight wagons with improved technical and economic indicators
Development of binders based on the СаО–Fe2O3 system
Authors: Derevianko Victor , Hryshko Hanna , Smolin Denis , Zhurba Ivan , Dubov Taras
Published: September 2024

The object of research is the processes of structure formation and modeling of the properties of a specialized binder. The development of new binding materials based on production waste with high early strength indicators could make it possible to speed up construction period and is one of the urgent tasks at present. This study focused on the creation of binders based on the СаО–Fe2O3 system. The developed binder of the СаО–Fe2O3 system has the following composition: limestone – 26 %; red slime – 74 %, which has a dense fine-porous structure and high early strength indicators – 22.5 MPa with a density of 1960 kg/m3. There is also an increase in the average density of samples annealed at a temperature of 1200 ℃ for 60 minutes, ground and mixed with water, in comparison with samples fired at 1100 ℃ for 60 minutes, by 500 kg/m3, due to new formations. The prospect of using modified composite binders with special functional properties has been substantiated. The use of production waste based on the СаО-Fe2O3 system could make it possible to obtain materials with high physical and mechanical properties, which makes them promising for application in various areas of the construction industry. The development of such binders will help reduce the environmental impact of the construction industry, owing to the use of affordable and effective components. This approach will not only contribute to the improvement of the quality of building materials but also help reduce the ecological burden on the environment by using alternative resources and industrial waste. The developed binder could be used for the development of solutions for 3d printing, as well as repair of concrete coatings
Effect of box beam wall thickness on the stiffness of the camphor wood timber bridge truss
Authors: Wijaya Handika Setya , Oktaviastuti Blima , Damayanti Fifi , Ariningsih Yeni Sesti
Published: September 2024

Bridges are vital for community development, and wood is a primary material due to its environmental benefits. However, wood’s moisture absorption can cause swelling and shrinkage, and low-density wood tends to have lower strength. The moment of inertia of a box beam is related to wall thickness and stiffness. Insufficient wall thickness can lead to plastic retention before peak load, reducing structural integrity. Thin walls can cause buckling under compressive loads, leading to failure. Truss bridge failures can also result from design errors. This study aims to analyze the effect of box beam wall thickness on the stiffness of camphor wood timber bridge trusses. Camphor wood with a cross-sectional area of 1,600 mm2 was used, with box beams of dimensions 45×45 mm (12 mm wall), 50×50 mm (10 mm wall), 58×58 mm (8 mm wall), and a solid beam of 40×40 mm (20 mm wall). Physical tests showed the wood’s specific gravity at 0.506 g/cm3 and moisture content at 12.47 %. The highest peak load was 19.613 kN for the BB.58.58.8 variation, which also had the greatest stiffness at 3.502 kN/mm. The BB.58.58.5 variation had the largest moment of inertia at 683,733 mm4 compared to the solid beam SB.40.40.20 at 213,333 mm4. The BB.45.45.12 sample had a t/D ratio 1.93 times larger than BB.58.58.8, indicating a more flexible structure with lower stiffness. This is confirmed by experimental results, showing that BB.45.45.12 had a stiffness 1.73 times lower than BB.58.58.8. Theoretical calculations also showed that BB.45.45.12 had a stiffness 2.03 times smaller than BB.58.58.8. Thus, the t/D ratio is inversely proportional to stiffness. This research contributes valuable insights for developing engineered wood products in construction and bridge design, particularly for village bridges in Indonesia
Defining patterns in the implementation of digital marketing of innovative products in order to improve the level of financial results
Authors: Tataryntseva Yuliia , Kryvobok Ruslan
Published: September 2024

The object of research is digital marketing of innovative products. The problem addressed in the study was the need to define digital marketing tools for the promotion of innovative products in order to increase the financial results of enterprises.
The specificity of digital marketing of innovative products, which have their own specificity, has been clarified, including the need to explain the benefits of new technologies to consumers. The results of the research revealed that the study of the target audience using analytical tools allows better optimization of marketing campaigns. It has been proven that the substantiation of the expenditure budget based on the method "from the achievement of goals" provides effective use of marketing resources and flexibility in case of changes in market conditions. The advantages of this budgeting method have been revealed, which makes it possible to clearly define marketing goals and direct resources to achieve them. This ensures optimal use of marketing resources. On the basis of regression analysis, the influence of expenses on various digital marketing tools on the total income of the enterprise was determined. Verification of the guidelines included an assessment of the impact of various digital marketing tools on total revenue.
Based on the regression analysis, it was established that the costs of setting up a website and search advertising, advertising in social networks and email marketing showed a significant positive impact on the total income of the enterprise. However, spending on content marketing revealed a negative effect. The identified dependences made it possible to accurately assess the impact of each marketing tool on the total revenue of the enterprise, which is critical for effective planning of marketing campaigns and cost optimization
Determining of the effect of reinforcing microrelief guides on the efficiency of folding integrated covers
Authors: Kyrychok Petro , Paliukh Dmytro
Published: September 2024

The object of research is the processes of strengthening the working surfaces of profile folding strips made of stainless steel AISI 347 and carbon steel AISI 1005 using laser formation of microrelief guides. The analytical and experimental studies are based on the technique of laser microrelief formation by pulsed laser effects. The main assumption of the study is that the use of laser microrelief formation could increase the hardness and wear resistance of the folding strips, improving the process of folding integrated covers. Analyzing the effect of different hardening methods on the mechanical properties and wear resistance of the working surfaces of folding strips is necessary to achieve this goal. A methodology for assessing microstructural changes and their impact on the mechanical properties of folding strips during laser hardening has been proposed. It has been shown that the formation of microrelief guides by laser pulse exposure reduces the thermal load on the material, increases the uniformity of hardening and wear resistance. The revealed wear rates calculated for carbon steel AISI 1005 are 0.875, and for stainless steel AISI 347 – 0.345. To improve the accuracy and efficiency of the folding process, a methodology has been devised for calculating the quantitative formation of microrelief guides on the working surface of profile folding strips. This will not only improve the wear resistance and mechanical properties of the strips but also optimize production processes. Differences in the results of hardening for stainless steel AISI 347 and carbon steel AISI 1005 were found: the hardness values for AISI 347 are 3,088–4,904 MPa at a load of 50–350 g with a deviation of 37.1 %, and for AISI 1005 – 2141–1665 MPa with a deviation of 22.3 %
Determining the mechanism for generating cavitation pressure fluctuations in throttle devices at high-head throttling of liquid
Authors: Tarasenko Taras , Badakh Valerii , Makarenko Mykola , Lukianov Pavel , Dubkovetskiy Igor
Published: September 2024

The object of this study is the process of generating cavitation pressure fluctuations behind the throttle device at high-head throttling of liquid. This paper addressed the problem of calculating the amplitude of cavitation pressure fluctuations at high-pressure liquid throttling. It was established that cavitation pressure fluctuations are a consequence of collisions of discrete masses of a transiting liquid jet in the region of pressure recovery. The range of cavitation pressure fluctuations reaches the pressure values at the inlet to the throttle device. The frequency band of cavitation pressure fluctuations is in the range from 1.5 to 20 kHz and higher. At high-head throttling of the liquid, caverns attached to the surface of the throttle channel, moving caverns and small bubbles in the transit flow are formed. Moving caverns compress the transit flow and divide it into separate fluid blocks. In the region of pressure restoration, the moving caverns are slammed shut and discrete fluid blocks collide. This causes high-frequency pressure fluctuations. Special feature of the results is the possibility of estimating the range of cavitation pressure fluctuations depending on the pressure drop on the throttle device. When the back pressure on the throttle device increases, the amplitude of cavitation pressure fluctuations decreases, and the frequency band shifts to the high-frequency region. The results make it possible to calculate the range of cavitation oscillations, to predict the development of cavitation erosion of materials depending on the parameters of throttling of the working fluid. The results of the work are used to design devices for cleaning products from contamination, for determining the volume content of water in aviation fuel, for intensification of technological processes in the chemical and food industries.
Substantiating the feasibility of processing the secondary product obtained after osmotic dehydration of dried apricots
Authors: Samilyk Maryna , Tkachuk Mykhaylo , Paska Mariia , Ryzhkova Taisia , Tkachuk Svetlana , Petrenko Alla , Hrinchenko Dmytro , Gurskyi Petro , Savchuk Liubov , Yarmosh Tetyana
Published: September 2024

The object of research is the production technology of dried apricots by the method of osmotic dehydration and the derived products that are formed in the process. An improved technology for processing the secondary product of apricot production has been proposed, which is based on increasing the osmotic pressure in the cells of plant raw materials by increasing the concentration of dry substances. The improved technology involves the use of the process of osmotic dehydration in a 70 % sugar solution with a temperature of up to 55±5 °C as an alternative to the blanching process. This provides a reduction in drying time to 1 hour due to the partial transition of water from the fruit cells into the sugar solution. The spent osmotic solution contains biologically valuable substances. The mass fraction of dry substances in the spent solution decreased by 17.4 %. It was found that spent osmotic solutions contain 15.87±0.05 mg/100 carotenoids, which cause their orange color. Color stability is likely caused by the acidity of the osmotic solution (pH=3.7±0.05). As a result of hydrolysis, sucrose, which was the main component of the osmotic solution before dehydration of apricot fruits, is partially inverted into glucose (21.41±0.05) and fructose (19.99±0.05 g/100 g). Fortified sugar had a light beige color, pure without stains and impurities, sweet taste, and aroma of apricot. The jelly-like soft drink, made on the basis of a derivative product formed during the production of dried apricots, had a sweet taste, a slight aroma of apricot. The color of the meal is cream. Light straw-colored jelly, sweet in taste, with a faint aftertaste and aroma of apricot, had a jelly-like uniform consistency that can be cut. The study showed the possibility of practical application of derived products, which are usually disposed of, for production
Identifying the effect of adding coconut coir on the characteristics of the top layer of pure natural buton asphalt concrete wearing course (AC-WC)
Authors: Arifin Muhammad Zainul , Wicaksono Achmad , Bowoputro Hendi , Ghufron Raden Rayhan , Abdurrahman Muhammad Yusuf
Published: September 2024

Buton Asphalt is natural asphalt originating from Buton Island (Indonesia), with the potential deposit amount reaching up to 662 million tons. This substantial domestic mining potential must be utilized for domestic road needs and to boost the country's economy. However, Buton asphalt's utilization is minimal compared with imported oil asphalt, which reached a usage rate of up to 94 % in 2022. Therefore, as a form of a solution-oriented policy, Buton asphalt is included as one of the 21 commodities in the Strategic Roadmap for Downstream Investment in Indonesia, followed by various supportive regulations for developing this Buton asphalt product. One of the leading products the government targets is natural pure Buton asphalt. This product consists of >99 % bitumen content after extraction, also called Pure Buton Asphalt. The idea was to modify pure Buton asphalt with coconut coir to increase the Marshall Stability and Dynamic Stability values to make the asphalt mixture more resistant to vehicle loads and rutting. The tests were conducted to determine the optimum asphalt content (OAC) of the mixtures, Marshall's Stability comparison, and the dynamic stability test using a Wheel Tracking Machine to identify the comparison of permanent deformation. This study analyzed the Marshall characteristics and dynamic stability characteristics with variations in coconut coir content of 0.5 %, 0.75 %, and 1 % by weight of asphalt and variations in coconut coir length of 0.5 cm, 1 cm, and 1.5 cm. Based on the results of this study, the optimum asphalt content in this study is 6.76 %, where pure Buton Asphalt modified with coconut coir has an increase in Marshall's stability value and dynamic stability value compared to pure Buton asphalt without additional coconut coir
Optimizing the uncertainty of measurements on a coordinate measuring machine when controlling complex geometric surfaces
Authors: Kvasnikov Volodymyr , Chalyi Oleg , Graf Maryna , Perederko Anatolii
Published: September 2024

The object of this study is the process of optimizing measurement uncertainty on a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) when inspecting complex geometric surfaces. The problem addressed was insufficient accuracy and efficiency of measurements of complex parts on CMMs under production conditions. A method for optimizing measurement uncertainty has been devised, which includes a mathematical model of the measurement process and an adaptive algorithm for optimizing the control strategy, based on the Monte Carlo method. The model takes into account the geometry of surfaces and CMM characteristics, while the algorithm dynamically adjusts measurement parameters. The results demonstrate a reduction in measurement uncertainty by 15–20 % and a reduction in inspection time by 10–12 % compared to conventional methods. This is achieved by taking into account the specificity of complex surface geometry and an adaptive approach.
The uniqueness of the developed method is the ability to automatically adapt to different types of CMMs and measured objects, optimizing the number and location of measurement points, the speed of probe movement, and its contact force with the surface. The method takes into account not only the geometric parameters of objects but also the characteristics of the CMM itself, which allows for high accuracy. The method is particularly effective for parts with complex geometry, in which conventional methods often lead to significant errors.
Practical application is possible at machine-building enterprises for quality control of complex parts, especially in serial production. The implementation of the developed method allows for improving product quality and reducing production costs by 8–10 % due to optimization of the control process and reduction of defects
Determining the effect of longitudinal stiffeners on the deformation of multilayer ellipsoidal shells under non-stationary loads
Authors: Meish Yuliia , Belova Maryna , Maiborodina Nataliia , Gerasymenko Viacheslav
Published: September 2024

The object of this study is the deformation of multilayer ellipsoidal shells under non-stationary distributed load. It is proposed to reinforce the shell with longitudinal stiffeners to enhance the strength of it. The application of Timoshenko's theory of shells and cores enabled the investigation of the influence of longitudinal stiffeners on the deformation of multilayer ellipsoidal shells under non-stationary loads with the discrete positioning of the stiffeners. A mathematical model of shell oscillations under various types of short-term non-stationary loads was based on the Hamilton-Ostrogradsky variational principle. The numerical algorithm based on the application of the integral-interpolation approach to the construction of finite difference schemes in spatial coordinates, combined with an explicit finite-difference scheme for the time coordinate, was used to solve the task set.
It has been determined that reinforcing stiffeners significantly affect the deformed state of the multilayer ellipsoidal shell. The "shell-stiffeners" relation was taken into account as a base for research. The maximum deformation ε11 of the smooth three-layer ellipsoidal shell was on average 1.4 times greater than the deformation ε11 of the reinforced three-layer ellipsoidal shell throughout the entire studied time interval. It was determined that over time the presence of reinforcing stiffeners has a more significant impact on the deformed state of the reinforced ellipsoidal shell.
A distinctive feature of this research is the consideration of the discrete placement of reinforcing stiffeners which made it possible to investigate the impact of longitudinal stiffeners on the deformation of multilayer ellipsoidal shells under non-stationary loads.
The results could be used for the investigation of applied problems in research organizations and design bureaus when designing shell structures
Optimizing dye-sensitized solar cell efficiency through TiO2/CuS doping: effects of internal parameter variations
Authors: Supriyanto Edy , Nawafil Moh. , Subekti Agus
Published: September 2024

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) have attracted significant research interest due to their semi-transparency, ease of fabrication, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. This research focuses on enhancing dye-sensitized solar cells efficiency by doping titanium dioxide with copper sulfide and varying internal parameters such as concentration, thickness, and temperature. The primary issue addressed is the low electron mobility of titanium dioxide, which limits its performance as a photoanode. Using simulation methods, this study analyzed dye-sensitized solar cells performance under different doping conditions. The results showed that the highest efficiency of 8.18 % was achieved at a TiO2/CuS concentration of 0.3 %. The optimal photoanode thickness was approximately 3 μm, yielding an efficiency of 8.33 %. Temperature variations at room temperature (275 K, 300 K, and 325 K) resulted in efficiency values of 13.94 %, 15.06 %, and 16.18 %, respectively. These findings indicate that targeted doping and precise control of internal parameters can significantly enhance the performance of titanium dioxide-based dye-sensitized solar cells. The improved efficiency is attributed to enhanced electron mobility and better structural and morphological characteristics of the doped titanium dioxide photoanode. This research provides valuable insights into developing more efficient and sustainable dye-sensitized solar cells. The practical implications of these results are significant for advancing dye-sensitized solar cells as a viable alternative to conventional solar cells, contributing to the global effort to address the energy crisis by providing a cost-effective and environmentally friendly energy source.
Development of an algorithm for the transition of civil aviation to ecologically clean aviation fuel
Authors: Koshekov Kayrat , Lekerova Fariza , Anayatova Raziyam , Koshekov Abay , Aldamzharov Kazbek , Zhakupov Kayrat
Published: September 2024

The object of the study is the process of decarbonization of civil aviation by switching to environmentally friendly fuels, which is relevant for the majority of countries in the world seeking to reduce the carbon footprint of air transport. The study uses methods that comply with international standards, which allowed to draw conclusions applicable in a global context. Due to their features and characteristics, the results of the study made it possible to form a clear idea of the global industry program to reduce and offset carbon emissions, as well as to establish the level of readiness of the civil aviation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and related industries to switch to alternative types of aviation fuel. The constructed mathematical models of the dependence of the efficiency indicator Y (carbon footprint level) on a set of factor features Xi and made it possible to prove the presence of multicollinearity in the array of mutually independent factors affecting the efficiency indicator Y, as well as to prioritize them based on the strength of their influence on the size of the carbon footprint of air transportation. It is emphasized that the process of switching aviation to bio- and synthetic aviation fuel is complicated by the lack of a Strategy and related documents on the implementation of activities related to the transition of aviation to new generation fuels. The key points of constructing the algorithm for the transition of civil aviation to environmentally friendly fuel have been identified, which ensured the construction of its simulation model. The practical application of the proposed algorithm for the transition of civil aviation to new-generation fuel should become the fundamental basis for the formation of the country's Roadmap for the transition of aviation to SAF and LCAF
Improvement of the delumping method in order to obtain detailed characteristics of the fluid
Authors: Baibekova Ayaulym , Ismailova Jamilyam , Delikesheva Dinara , Abdukarimov Aibek , Kaidar Aigerim
Published: September 2024

In compositional modeling, the phase characteristics and behavior of reservoir fluids are calculated using the equation of state. To simplify the calculations and speed them up, the components of the heptane plus fraction (C7+) are grouped into pseudo-components. However, after this procedure, the results of compositional modelling of the reservoir containing the pseudo-components need to be delumped so that they can be used in surface models. It follows from this that the problem lies in the fact that the grouped composition cannot be applied to the modeling of ground structures. The object of the study is Kazakhstani oil, on the example of which a detailed component composition was obtained by analytical delumping based on reduction parameters. In laboratory conditions, the component composition of oil, and other fluid properties were determined. The study presents the results that prove the importance of applying the delumping algorithm in the context of compositional modeling. The results obtained analytically correspond quite accurately to the numerical calculations of the PVTsim software and laboratory experiments. A comparison of existing methods showed a difference of 5 %, which suggests that delumping is an excellent method for describing and obtaining a detailed composition of the hydrocarbon mixture. In practice, the results of the detailed composition of hydrocarbons can be used for the design of refineries. Also, the findings from this research can enhance the planning and design of surface facilities, particularly when developed under reservoir conditions where the pressure exceeds the saturation pressure
Method for solving distributional problems of mathematical programming under conditions of fuzzy initial data
Authors: Raskin Lev , Sira Oksana , Hatunov Artur , Riabokon Roman , Sinitsyn Rodyslav
Published: September 2024

The object of this study is a large class of mathematical programming problems under conditions of uncertainty of initial data. The formulated object generates a subclass of problems of rational distribution of a limited resource under conditions of initial data described in terms of fuzzy mathematics. The conventional, standardly used method for solving such problems is based on optimization on average. To obtain such a solution, it is sufficient to replace all fuzzy initial data with their modal values in the analytical description of the mathematical model of the corresponding problem. To solve the resulting deterministic problem, one can use known methods of mathematical programming. However, the results of such a solution can be used in practice if the carriers of fuzzy parameters are specified compactly, that is, the intervals of possible values of fuzzy parameters of the problem are small. Otherwise, the implementation of this solution may lead to unpredictably large losses. Other alternative approaches are based on the use of insufficiently informative estimates of the best or worst possible values of fuzzy parameters of the problem. These circumstances make the statement of the problem and the objective of the study relevant: devising a method for solving the problem of rational distribution of a limited resource under conditions of fuzzy initial data. To solve the stated problem of rational distribution of a limited resource, a productive idea of constructing the proposed general optimization method under conditions of uncertainty of the initial data has been constructively implemented. In this case, the initial problem is reduced to a clear problem of optimizing a complex criterion constructed on the basis of the objective function of the initial problem and a set of membership functions of its fuzzy parameters. An example of solving the problem has been considered, leading to a solution that is better than that obtained on the basis of the modal values of the fuzzy parameters of the problem
Substantiating the reliability conditions for the production process at metallurgical enterprises through the fault-tolerant functioning of the system «extraction of raw materials – technological railroad routes – metallurgical production»
Authors: Zaruba Oleksandr , Okorokov Andrii , Vernyhora Roman , Zhuravel Iryna , Barkalova Nataliia
Published: September 2024

The object of this study is the process of formation of insurance reserves at enterprises in the metallurgical industry. Under conditions of uneven supply of raw materials to metallurgical enterprises due to disruption of the transportation process or other reasons, there is a need to create insurance stocks in order to ensure the continuity of production. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account existing restrictions, such as the limited capacity of railroad sections and the impossibility of organizing parallel movement of trains, etc. The presence of these limitations makes it impossible to use classical methods for solving similar problems, such as linear programming. Therefore, to resolve the task, a simulation model was built, based on the discrete-event principle in the AnyLogic University Researcher environment using Oracle libraries and the Java SE compiler. With the help of the model, the process of rotation of dispatch routes at the railroad yard with multiple suppliers and one consignee was formalized. The optimization criterion was chosen to be the minimum deviations of fluctuations in reserves of iron ore concentrate and coke. Analysis of the simulation results revealed that the optimal size of the fleet of railroad routes on the selected rotation polygon is 30 units; at the same time, their utilization rate will be 65 %. It was also established that fluctuations in raw material stocks have a «natural character», which is confirmed by the normal distribution of the density of stock volumes. Under these conditions, the value of fluctuations in the volumes of the main raw materials will be ±13115 t/day for iron ore concentrate, and ±5298 t/day for coke. Reducing the range of fluctuation of raw materials volumes could make it possible to optimize the costs of creating stocks and streamline the transport work of the enterprise for providing raw materials
A Legal Notion of Adverse Inference in WTO Case Law
Authors:   University of Warsaw (Poland), Malskyy Markiyan
Published: September 2024

Gathering evidence is of utmost importance in any legal proceeding. However, sometimes, one of the parties may hide specific evidence, which complicates the adjudicators’ reaching of a fair conclusion. For such cases, judges or arbitrators can use several tools, one of which is adverse inference. An adverse inference is a negative conclusion that may be drawn from a party’s failure to provide some evidence without a valid excuse for non-production. By drawing it, adjudicators assume this evidence would harm the party’s interests. At the same time, adverse inference is quite a radical tool because it may strongly impact the final decision. Because of this, adjudicators are sometimes cautious about using it. This paper analyzes the notion of adverse inference in the context of the dispute resolution mechanism available in the WTO. In particular, three cases were summarized in which the Appellate Body made interesting findings regarding the application of adverse inference. As a result of the work, conclusions from these cases are made that can be used by lawyers in future WTO disputes, as well as in other international and national dispute resolution fora.
Green Soft Power? Checking in on China as a Responsible Stakeholder
Authors:   Collegium Civitas (Poland), Nitza-Makowska Agnieszka , Longhurst Kerry ,   Collegium Civitas (Poland), Skiert-Andrzejuk Katarzyna ,   Collegium Civitas (Poland)
Published: September 2024

By assuming a proactive role in international environmental regimes and extending the ‘green’ dimensions of its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), China has been seeking to promote itself as a leader and responsible stakeholder in global environmental governance. This article examines this development concerning the notion of China’s ‘soft power’ and, more specifically, the notion of ‘green soft power’ – which aims to bridge the traditional concept of soft power with a state’s behavior on environmental and climate issues. China presents an interesting case since it has accrued a considerable amount of green soft power through its multilateral environmental diplomacy practiced at the Conferences of the Parties (COPs), the high-profile annual United Nations Climate Change Conferences, but its patchy deployment of environmental standards in the bilateral engagements under the BRI highlights the contradictions in referring to China as a green soft power. With these ideas in mind, this article holds that in the search to understand the evolving nature of China’s responsible stakeholder role, attention should be given to exploring the notion of green soft power.
Turkey in the Post-Arab Uprisings Era: Vacillating between Regional and Domestic Priorities
Authors:   University of the Peloponnese (Greece), Drakoularakos Stavros
Published: September 2024

This article analyses Turkey’s foreign policy concerning the status quo of the post-Arab uprisings through the prism of regional hegemony theory. The aspiring regional hegemon is identified through criteria applied to Turkish foreign policy, recontextualizing soft power initiatives of the previous decades with current hard power policies. The article suggests that while the Arab uprisings played a vital part in the redefinition of Turkish foreign policy, Erdoğan’s domestic priorities informed its recalibration to weather political difficulties and maintain power. The objective would be to challenge the status quo shepherded by the West during the twentieth century as articulated by the Mavi Vatan doctrine, the motivation to renegotiate the Lausanne treaty, the conversion of the Hagia Sophia into a mosque, and even the escalating Erdoğan-Macron verbal feud. Turkey’s aspirations for regional hegemony are evidenced in policies including military intervention, diplomatic and economic support to state entities, escalation of tensions with other regional powers, and Erdoğan’s consolidation of power over Turkish domestic affairs.
Liberals Among Us: Socio-Demographic Determinants of Liberal Attitudes in Poland
Authors:   Pedagogical University of Cracow (Poland), Marzęcki Radosław , Chmielowski Marcin ,   Freedom and Entrepreneurship Foundation (Poland), Kaleta Kris ,   Manchester Metropolitan University (United Kingdom)
Published: September 2024

The authors of this article attempt to describe in detail the determinants and structure of the beliefs and views of Polish society on a liberal to anti-liberal values continuum. The first research objective was to determine the extent of social and economic freedom that respondents expect in their relations with others and in their relations with state institutions. In addition, the authors wanted to identify the socio-demographic characteristics that significantly differentiate these liberal orientations, as well as the factors that independently determine the adoption of liberal views. The detailed hypotheses were verified based on an analysis of data collected in a nationwide telephone survey (CATI) conducted on a representative sample of 1,000 adult Polish citizens. The survey used an original questionnaire consisting of 31 quantitative scales, which were used to construct the Liberalism/Libertarianism Index (LLI) and to categorize respondents into “Polish Liberals” and “Polish Libertarians.” Higher index values indicate stronger and more consistent liberal attitudes in economic as well as axiological (social) terms. More liberal orientations were found to be held by respondents declaring higher incomes, younger, better educated, and less religious, although only age, some party preferences, and religious practices act as independent predictors of LLI.
Electromobility: Safety or a Threat to Poland’s Transport?
Authors:   Military University of Technology (Poland), Głodowska Katarzyna
Published: September 2024

The trend following the purchase of electric-powered vehicles is currently the biggest challenge of the Polish automotive industry. Increasing restrictions and looming deadlines for selling electric-only cars contribute to their increasing purchase numbers. It is known that electric vehicles require a stable charging infrastructure. From 2020 to 2022, infrastructure development is significant in Poland, but is it sufficient? Is this the main drawback of owning an electric vehicle? More and more users are charging their cars locally at their places of residence, but not everyone has this option. This raises the question of whether it is safe to own an electric vehicle. Is it possible to cover the route from point A to point B without much trouble? Awareness of the need to stop longer to charge an electric vehicle is not a problem among the Polish public; a bigger and more significant issue is the number of publicly available charging points. Therefore, these topics will be analyzed more extensively in this article; the possibilities of alternative charging and energy harvesting methods will be presented, as the growing interest in electric-powered vehicles and the indicated questions regarding the development of charging infrastructure and safety for electric vehicle users will be answered.
WebQuest development based on Google Maps for studying language and culture of Australia
Authors: Inozemtseva Kira , Nikolaeva Natalja
Published: September 2024

Introduction. Language and Culture studies, studying the relationship between language and culture, is an important component of linguistic education, which today is not given enough attention in the training programs for linguistics students. This problem can be solved by integrating students' research activities based on WebQuest technology into the foreign language training course. The purpose of this study is to determine the didactic potential of a WebQuest created with Google Maps geolocation application in the study of Australian Language and Culture by linguistics students. Methodology. The authors analyzed scientific literature and teaching materials in the field of Language and Culture studies, linguoculturology, australistics and digital linguodidactics. As a basis for the web-quest, an interactive map of Australia was created with Google Maps geolocation application, which allows to link GPS-coordinates of geographical objects with selected sociocultural and linguistic data. WebQuest scenarios containing Language and Culture studies tasks and instructions for their fulfillment were developed. Results. Experimental work was carried out on the basis of Linguistics faculty of Bauman Moscow State Technical University. The WebQuest was tested in groups of 2nd year students majoring in Theoretical and Applied Linguistics. The
criterion-based evaluation of the obtained results was carried out, as well as the analysis of
self-evaluation sheets and written feedback from the students participating in the WebQuest. Conclusion. The analysis and generalization of the above experience allowed the authors to formulate the conditions for WebQuest successful inclusion in English as a Second language course in order to increase linguistics students’ motivation to study mutual influence of language and culture and develop communicative skills in Australian English.
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF SHALE GAS RESERVOIR PARAMETERS BASED ON PROXY MODEL
Authors: Pu Baoping , Wei Jianguang , Yang Ying , Zhou Xiaofeng
Published: September 2024

The complexity and vast variability of shale gas reservoirs demand a profound comprehension of the intricate interplay between various parameters and their influence on reservoir performance. This study aims to provide such an understanding by conducting a comprehensive sensitivity analysis of shale gas reservoir parameters. The core of this analysis lies in leveraging proxy models, which serve as efficient surrogates of complex numerical models. These proxy models enable us to assess the sensitivity of different parameters without the need for extensive computational resources. By employing such models, we can identify the key parameters that have a significant impact on reservoir behavior. The methodology involves several crucial steps. Firstly, a shale gas numerical model is established to capture the geological and engineering characteristics of the reservoirs. This model serves as a foundation for subsequent analysis. Secondly, proxy models are constructed based on the numerical model, offering a simplified representation while maintaining the essential dynamics. The application of sensitivity analysis techniques, such as Sobol analysis and Morris analysis, follows. Sobol analysis quantifies the relative importance of each parameter, providing insights into their individual contribution to reservoir performance. On the other hand, Morris analysis examines the non-linear and interactive effects of parameters, revealing their combined influence. The anticipated outcomes of this study are far-reaching. Firstly, it will provide valuable insights into the sensitivity of different parameters, enabling decision-makers to prioritize their attention and resources. Secondly, it will facilitate the optimization of shale gas development strategies, leading to more efficient and cost-effective operations. Finally, this study has the potential to guide future research and developments in the shale gas industry, contributing to its sustainable growth and development.
BROADBAND SEISMIC NODE BASED ON LOW-NOISE HIGH-SENSITIVITY MOLECULAR-ELECTRONIC SENSORS
Authors: Gorchakov I.V. , Egorov I.V. , Avdyuhina S.Yu. , Ronzhin A.L.
Published: September 2024

The developed wideband compact digital seismic module designed for use in ground nodal seismic systems with deployment assistance from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is discussed. The operation frequency band is 1–300 Hz, which is by far wider than that of the seismic nodes based on using standard (10Hz) electrodynamic geophones. Such improvement was achieved through the use of highly sensitive seismic sensors with molecular electronic transfer (MET) that allow for covering a low-frequency part of the spectrum that is needed for broadband processing and receiving information on deep subsurface formation. Low self-noise of the MET seismic sensors used for this seismic station has been proven in special tests. According to the test results, measurements of the self-noise of the developed sensor turned out to be 27-30 dB lower than the self-noise of similar sensors with additional mass. Besides of the 3 mutually orthogonal wideband MET sensors the developed module consists of a digital electronics block enabling autonomous registration and featuring wireless data transmission capability; a battery compartment providing autonomous operation of the seismic module; a device for attaching the seismic module to UAVs and lowering it to the ground. The developed device ensures data time synchronization with satellites, records data at frequencies up to 1000 samples per second with 24 bits resolution and stores the recorded information on the internal 32 Gb storage. A distinctive feature of the presented seismic node is the implementation of quality control of seismic data using a drone. This function is implemented on a Raspberry Pi single-board computer installed on board of the UAV, which has the ability to retrieve portion of information from the node for data quality control and initiate calibration procedure.
DEVELOPMENT OF PROJECT DOCUMENTATION FOR WELL CONSTRUCTION WITH THE USE OF MPD TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Oganov G.S. , Kalashnikov A.V.
Published: September 2024

In traditional drilling technology, in order to prevent gas and oil-water blowouts, the pressure in the well should exceed the reservoir pressure by 5–10 % in static conditions, depending on the depth. However, in case of catastrophic sinking, drilling of highly permeable formations, narrow drilling windows in zones of abnormally high pressures such a safety method, on the contrary, often makes it impossible to drill the well. Today there are special systems to control the pressure in the well during deepening and circulation stops for drilling in difficult geological conditions. Their work is based on high-precision control of pressure in the annulus and its regulation at the sealed wellhead by means of an automatic choke in combination with a Coriolis flow meter. In static conditions, the required pressure is maintained either by an additional pump or by a nitrogen injector.Development of well construction projects requires reference to industry specific normative documents regulating the methodology of work, equipment selection and defining the minimum list of other technical and technological solutions necessary for quality and safe drilling operations. However, despite the fact that the technology of drilling with controlled pressure in different variations has been used in Russia for twenty years, there are still no regulatory documents summarizing the entire domestic experience of its application and regulating the procedure of drilling operations with controlled pressure. Their absence leads to certain technical risks and difficulties in passing departmental expert reviews of project documentation.This article analyses the rules and recommendations for well construction using managed pressure drilling technology contained in national industry regulatory documents, highlights the problems arising in the development of the technical part of the design and estimate documentation for the construction of similar wells, and gives recommendations on the composition of a regulatory document that could summarize national and foreign experience of managed pressure drilling.