bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Olefins as Steering Ligands for Homogeneously Catalyzed Hydrogenations
Authors: Maire Pascal , Deblon Stephan , Breher Frank , Geier Jens , Böhler Carsten , Rüegger Heinz , Schönberg Hartmut , Grützmacher Hansjörg
Published: July 2004

Iridium(I) complexes containing a (5H‐dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten‐5‐yl)‐phosphane (troppR; R = phosphorus‐bound substituent = Ph, Cyc) as a rigid, concave‐shaped, mixed phosphane olefin ligand were prepared and tested as catalyst precursors in the hydrogenation of imines. With the complex [Ir(troppCyc)(cod)]OTf, turnover frequencies (TOFs) of >6000 h−1 were reached in the hydrogenation of N‐phenyl‐benzylidenamine, PhNCHPh. Lower activities (TOF>80 h−1) are observed with N‐phenyl‐(1‐phenylethylidene)amine, PhNCMePh. Chiral tropp‐type ligands were prepared in few simple steps. Monosubstitution of the olefinic unit in the dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptenyl moiety with (R)‐ or (S)‐mentholate gave mixtures of diastereomers that could be separated and isolated in enantiomerically pure form. Iridium(I) complexes with these ligands are rare examples of side‐on bonded enolether complexes. In catalytic imine hydrogenations, complete conversion (>98 %) was reached in all cases (conditions: p[H2] = 50 bar, T = 50 °C, t = 2 h, substrate/catalyst 100:1). The best enantiomeric excess (ee = 86 % S isomer) was reached with PhNCMePh as substrate and the R,R form of the (10‐menthyloxy‐5H‐dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten‐5‐yl)diphenylphosphane ligand. The iridium(I) complex containing the same phosphane gave a 60 % ee (S isomer) with the enamide N‐(1‐phenylvinyl)acetamide as substrate (conditions: p[H2] = 4 bar, T = 50 °C, t = 18 h, substrate/catalyst = 50:1). These reactions constitute the first examples in which chiral olefins have been used as steering ligands in catalytic enantioselective hydrogenations.
Structural Characterization of MII Guanidinium Sulfate Hydrates (MII: Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cd, VO).
Authors: Fleck Michel , Bohaty Ladislav , Tillmanns Ekkehart
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Photochemical Activity of Nitrogen‐Doped Rutile TiO2(110) in Visible Light.
Authors: Diwald Oliver , Thompson Tracy L. , Zubkov Tykhon , Goralski Ed. G. , Walck Scott D. , Yates John T. Jr.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of New Quaternary Chalcoantimonide: KLa2Sb3S9 and KSm2Sb3Se8.
Authors: Kim Sung‐Jin , Park Sunju , Yim Sunah
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Properties of the Layered Perovskite Phase Sr3Mo1.5Zn0.5O7‐δ.
Authors: Steiner Udo , Reichelt Werner , Schmidt Marcus , Schnelle Walter
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel One‐Pot Cycloisomerization‐Wittig Sequence with Yne‐Allyl Alcohols.
Authors: Kressierer Christoph J. , Mueller Thomas J. J.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Adamantyl‐Substituted Amino Alcohols. Synthesis and Functionalization at the Nitrogen and Oxygen Nucleophilic Centers.
Authors: Kas'yan L. I. , Golodaeva E. A. , Kas'yan A. O.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Convenient One‐Pot PCC Oxidation—Wittig Reaction of Alcohols.
Authors: Bressette Andrew R. , Glover Louis C. IV
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phosphabarrelene‐Rhodium Complexes as Highly Active Catalysts for Isomerization Free Hydroformylation of Internal Alkenes.
Authors: Breit Bernhard , Fuchs Evelyn
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient Synthesis of Organic Carbonates: Atom Economic Protocol with a New Catalytic System.
Authors: Veldurthy Bhaskar , Figueras Francois
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catalytic Polymer‐Supported Potassium Thiophenolate in Methanol as a Method for the Removal of Ester, Amide, and Thioacetate Protecting Groups.
Authors: MacCoss Rachel N. , Henry Dara J. , Brain Christopher T. , Ley Steven V.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Binary Regiocontrol in the Reaction Between Pentadienyltin and Imines by Lewis Acids and N‐Substituents.
Authors: Nishigaichi Yutaka , Ishihara Masahiko , Fushitani Shigeo , Uenaga Kenji , Takuwa Akio
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylations via anti/syn‐π‐Allyl Intermediates.
Authors: Kazmaier Uli , Pohlman Matthias
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A One‐Pot Multicomponent Coupling Reaction for the Stereocontrolled Synthesis of (Z)‐Trisubstituted Allylic Alcohols.
Authors: Chen Young K. , Walsh Patrick J.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Powerful, Practical and Chemoselective Synthesis of 2‐Anilinoalkanols Catalyzed by Bi(TFA)3 or Bi(OTf)3 in the Presence of Molten TBAB.
Authors: Khodaei Mohammd M. , Khosropour Ahmad R. , Ghozati Kazem
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Benzyloxybromobenzonitriles.
Authors: Ismail Mohamed A. , Anbazhagan Mariappan , Stephens Chad E. , Boykin David W.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
cine‐Substitution of the Nitro Group in 2,4‐Disubstituted Nitroarenes with Carbanions of Aryl Alkyl Sulfones.
Authors: Blazej Sylwia , Kwast Andrzej , Makosza Mieczyslaw
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Retinoids and Related Compounds. Part 27. An Improved Synthesis of Benzocycloalkanone Derivatives.
Authors: Wada Akimori , Sawada Kyoko , Ono Naomi , Ito Masayoshi
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereodivergent Synthesis of Chiral 2‐Alkenylaziridines: Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed 2,3‐cis‐Selective Aziridination and Base‐Mediated 2,3‐trans‐Selective Aziridination.
Authors: Ohno Hiroaki , Takemoto Yoshiji , Fujii Nobutaka , Tanaka Tetsuaki , Ibuka Toshiro
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stannyl Radical Addition—Cyclization of Oxime Ethers Connected with Olefins.
Authors: Miyabe Hideto , Tanaka Hirotaka , Naito Takeaki
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Rapid Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,3,4‐Trisubstituted Pyrrolidines.
Authors: Belyk Kevin M. , Beguin Charlotte D. , Palucki Michael , Grinberg Nelu , DaSilva Jimmy , Askin David , Yasuda Nobuyoshi
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Studies on Non‐Thiazolidinedione Antidiabetic Agents. Part 3. Preparation and Biological Activity of the Metabolites of TAK‐559.
Authors: Imoto Hiroshi , Matsumoto Mitsuharu , Odaka Hiroyuki , Sakamoto Junichi , Kimura Hiroyuki , Nonaka Masami , Kiyota Yutaka , Momose Yu
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Substituted 5‐Dinitromethyl‐3‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoles in Reactions with Arylethenes.
Authors: Tyrkov A. G.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient One‐Pot Preparation of 5‐Substituted‐2‐amino‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles Using Resin‐Bound Reagents.
Authors: Coppo Frank T. , Evans Karen A. , Graybill Todd L. , Burton George
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 2‐Aminochromene Derivatives Catalyzed by KF/Al2O3.
Authors: Wang Xiang‐shan , Shi Da‐qing , Yu Hui‐zhen , Wang Gao‐feng , Tu Shu‐jiang
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Estrogen Receptor Ligands. Part 1. The Discovery of Flavanoids with Subtype Selectivity.
Authors: Chen Helen Y. , et al. et al.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 2‐Alkylamino‐3‐fluoropyridines Using Buchwald Conditions.
Authors: Munson Peter M. , Thomspon Wayne J.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lewis Acid Catalyzed Mannich Type Reactions with Potassium Organotrifluoroborates.
Authors: Tremblay‐Morin Jean‐Philipe , Raeppel Stephane , Gaudette Frederic
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Quinolines as Extremely Potent and Selective PDE5 Inhibitors as Potential Agents for Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction.
Authors: Bi Yingzhi , et al. et al.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Evaluation of 9‐Anilinothiazolo[5,4‐b]quinoline Derivatives as Potential Antitumorals.
Authors: Rodriguez‐Loaiza Pilar , Quintero Angelina , Rodriguez‐Sotres Rogelio , Solano Jose D. , Lira‐Rocha Alfonso
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Novel 2‐Nitroimidazole‐Tethered Tricyclic Quinolines, Bearing a Second Heteroatom, and Their in vitro Evaluation as Hypoxia‐Selective Cytotoxins and Radiosensitizers.
Authors: Papadopoulou Maria V. , Rosenzweig Howard S. , Bloomer William D.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Hexahydropyridazine‐3‐phosphonic Acid.
Authors: Kaname Mamoru , Yoshinaga Kazuo , Arakawa Yasushi , Yoshifuji Shigeyuki
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Reactivity of Nitropyrimidinone: Ring Transformation and N‐C Transfer Reactions.
Authors: Nishiwaki Nagatoshi , Matsushima Kazuo , Chatani Miki , Tamura Mina , Ariga Masahiro
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 2,3,8‐Trisubstituted 7H‐Isoindolo[5,6‐g]quinoxaline‐5,7,9,11(8H)‐tetraones.
Authors: Lee Heesoon , Cho Sungmoon , Choi Byeonggil , Namgoong Kwon , Jung Jae‐Kyung
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Identification of Novel Potent Bicyclic Peptide Deformylase Inhibitors.
Authors: Molteni Valentina , et al. et al.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of 2‐Alkynylbenzylamine: A New Route to the Synthesis of Benzazepinones.
Authors: Shiba Takanori , Zhou Da‐Yang , Onitsuka Kiyotaka , Takahashi Shigetoshi
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 2‐N,N‐Dimethylaminomethyl‐2,3,3a,12b‐tetrahydrodibenzo[b,f]furo [2,3‐d]oxepin Derivatives as Potential Anxiolytic Agents.
Authors: Trabanco Andres Avelino , Alonso Jose Manuel , Andres Jose Ignacio , Cid Jose Maria , Fernandez Javier , Iturrino Laura , Megens Anton
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Studies on Organophosphorus Compounds: Reactions of Benzosuberones with 2,4‐Bis(p‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,3,2,4‐dithiadiphosphetane‐2,4‐disulfide (Lawesson′s reagent).
Authors: Venkateswarlu Peesapati , Venkata Srikanth Chitty
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
X‐Ray, 1H/13C 2D and 3D NMR Studies of the Structures of Davallene (I) and Adipedatol (II), Two Triterpenes Isolated from American Adiantum capillus‐veneris.
Authors: Jankowski C. K. , Aumelas A. , Thuery P. , Reyes‐Chilpa R. , Jimenez‐Estrada M. , Barrios H. , Diaz E.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diastereoselective Aldol Reaction of N,N‐Dibenzyl‐α‐amino Aldehydes with Ketones Catalyzed by Proline.
Authors: Pan Qiangbiao , Zou Benli , Wang Yuji , Ma Dawei
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐γ‐Lycorane Employing Stereoselective Conjugate Addition to Nitroolefin.
Authors: Yasuhara Tomohisa , Osafune Emi , Nishimura Katsumi , Yamashita Mitsuaki , Yamada Ken‐ichi , Muraoka Osamu , Tomioka Kiyoshi
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemistry of Renieramycins. Part 4. Synthesis of a Simple Natural Marine Product, 6‐Hydroxy‐7‐methoxyisoquinolinemethanol.
Authors: Saito Naoki , Tanaka Chieko , Satomi Tomoo , Oyama Chigusa , Kubo Akinori
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Pyranonaphthoquinone Antibiotics Involving the Ring Closing Metathesis of a Vinyl Ether.
Authors: Tuyen Nguyen Van , De Kimpe Norbert
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Vertically Aligned Sulfur‐Doped ZnO Nanowires Synthesized via Chemical Vapor Deposition.
Authors: Bae Seung Yong , Seo Hee Won , Park Jeunghee
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Evaluation of New Arylsulfonamidomethylcyclohexyl Derivatives as Human Neuropeptide Y Y5 Receptor Antagonists for the Treatment of Obesity.
Authors: Moreno Antonio , Perez Silvia , Galiano Silvia , Juanenea Laura , Erviti Oihana , Frigola Carmen , Aldana Ignacio , Monge Antonio
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structure—Activity Relationships of a Novel Class of Endothelin Receptor Selective Antagonists; 6‐Carboxy‐2‐isopropylamino‐5,7‐diarylcyclopenteno[1,2‐b]pyridines.
Authors: Ohtake Norikazu , et al. et al.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Solid Solutions of the II—VI Compounds — Growth, Characterization and Applications
Authors: several authors several authors
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Small Is Different: Shape‐, Size‐, and Composition‐Dependent Properties of Some Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals
Authors: El‐Sayed Mostafa A.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ionic Liquids: New Solvent for Organic Reactions
Authors: Chiappe Cinzia , Pieraccini Daniela
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reductive Opening of Heterocycles with Lithium Metal as a Source of Functionalized Organolithium Compounds: Synthetic Applications
Authors: Yus Miguel , Foubelo Francisco
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Novel Glycoprotein Structure: C‐Mannosyl Tryptophan
Authors: Manabe Shino , Ito Yukishige
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Advances in Chemical Synthesis of Carbasugars and Analogues
Authors: Rassu Gloria , Auzzas Luciana , Pinna Luigi , Battistini Lucia , Curti Claudio
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of Arabinofuranosides, Galactofuranosides and Fructofuranosides
Authors: Lowary Todd L.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reactions of Organosilicon Compounds
Authors: Tamai Toshiyuki , Hayamizu Tomoo , Mizuno Kazuhiko
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Photochemistry of Oligosilanes and Polysilanes
Authors: Kira Mitsuo , Badugu Ramachandram
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Organometallic Routes to Polyconjugated Materials
Authors: Babudri Francesco , Farinola Gianluca M. , Naso Francesco
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Osmium‐ and Rhenium‐Mediated Dearomatization Reactions with Arenes
Authors: Valahovic Mark T. , Keane Joseph M. , Harman W. Dean
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Mesoionic Oxazoles
Authors: Gribble Gordon W.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Useful Reactions in Modern Pheromone Synthesis
Authors: Mori Kenji , Tashiro Takuya
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Asymmetric Baylis—Hillman Reaction
Authors: Langer Peter
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Biocatalytic and Biomimetic Aminolysis Reactions: Useful Tools for Selective Transformations on Polyfunctional Substrates
Authors: Alfonso Ignacio , Gotor Vicente
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Communication Pathways Between the Nucleotide Pocket and Distal Regulatory Sites in Protein Kinases
Authors: Wong Lilly , Jennings Patricia A. , Adams Joseph A.
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Residual Topological Isomerism of Intertwined Molecules
Authors: Lukin Oleg , Godt Adelheid , Voegtle Fritz
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lessons Learned from Marketed and Investigational Prodrugs.
Authors: Ettmayer Peter , Amidon Gordon L. , Clement Bernd , Testa Bernard
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structure‐Switching Signaling Aptamers: Transducing Molecular Recognition into Fluorescence Signaling
Authors: Nutiu Razvan , Li Yingfu
Published: July 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Clinicopathologic characteristics of 143 patients with synchronous bilateral invasive breast carcinomas treated in a single institution
Authors: Intra Mattia , Rotmensz Nicole , Viale Giuseppe , Mariani Luigi , Bonanni Bernardo , Mastropasqua Mauro G. , Galimberti Viviana , Gennari Roberto , Veronesi Paolo , Colleoni Marco , Tousimis Eleni , Galli Arianna , Goldhirsch Aron , Veronesi Umberto
Published: July 2004

BACKGROUND

Synchronous bilateral invasive breast carcinoma (SBIBC) ranged in incidence from 0.3% to as high as 12%.

METHODS

Between April 1997 and February 2003, 143 consecutive patients with SBIBC were treated at the European Institute of Oncology (Milan, Italy). Their information was collected prospectively in a database. The bilateral tumors were divded into left and right tumors. Tumor size, histology, grade, lymph node status, estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) status, HER‐2 expression, peritumoral vascular invasion (PVI), Ki‐67 expression, extensive in situ component (EIC), and multifocality between the two groups were analyzed. During the same time period, 6218 patients with unilateral invasive breast carcinoma (UIBC) were analyzed in the same manner for comparison with the patients with SBIBC.

RESULTS

There were no significant differences between left and right tumors, and the observed histopathologic agreement within the same patient was significantly superior than statistically expected for all characteristics except size, lymph node status, and multifocality. When compared with patients with UIBC, patients with SBIBC were more likely to present with smaller tumors and showed a higher frequency of invasive lobular carcinoma, lower histologic grade, higher rate of ER and PgR positivity, and lower PVI and Ki‐67 expression.

CONCLUSIONS

The high concordance of histopathologic characteristics between SBIBC within the same patient could reflect a particular hormonal environment that influenced either the initiation and development of these lesions simultaneously and independently from the single or multi‐clonal origin, either a less aggressive biological behavior compared with UIBC. In particular, the strong agreement of the observed EIC in SBIBC within the same patient seemed to definitively exclude the metastatic origin of these tumors. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder
Authors: Cheng Liang , Pan Chong‐Xian , Yang Ximing J. , Lopez‐Beltran Antonio , MacLennan Gregory T. , Lin Haiqun , Kuzel Timothy M. , Papavero Veronica , Tretiakova Maria , Nigro Kelly , Koch Michael O. , Eble John N.
Published: July 2004

BACKGROUND

Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is an uncommon tumor that has been described in case reports or small series. Herein, the authors report a series of 64 patients with small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

METHODS

Histologic slides and medical records from 64 patients with small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder were reviewed for morphologic, demographic, and clinical data. All patients fulfilled the criteria established for small cell carcinoma according to the World Health Organization classification system. The 2002 tumor, lymph node, and metastasis (TNM) system was used for pathologic staging. The correlations of various clinicopathologic characteristics with survival were analyzed.

RESULTS

Patients ranged in age from 36 years to 85 years (mean age, 66 years). The male‐to‐female ratio was 3.3:1.0. Among patients with clinical information available, 65% had a history of cigarette smoking, and 88% presented with hematuria. All but one patient had muscle‐invasive disease at presentation. Thirty‐eight patients (59%) underwent cystectomy. Sixty‐six percent of patients had lymph node metastasis at the time of cystectomy. Twenty patients (32%) had pure small cell carcinoma, and 44 patients (68%) had small cell carcinoma with other histologic types (35 patients had urothelial carcinoma, 4 patients had adenocarcinoma, 2 patients had sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma, and 3 patients had both adenocarcinoma and urothelial carcinoma). With a mean follow‐up of 21 months, 68% of patients died of bladder carcinoma. None of the clinicopathologic parameters studied (age, gender, presenting symptoms, smoking history, the presence of a nonsmall cell carcinoma component, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy) were associated with survival. No significant survival difference was found between patients who did and did not undergo cystectomy (P = 0.65). Patients who had organ‐confined disease had marginally better survival compared with patients who had nonorgan‐confined disease (P = 0.06). The overall, 1‐year, 18‐month, 3‐year, and 5‐year disease‐specific survival rates were 56%, 41%, 23%, and 16%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The prognosis for patients with small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder remains poor, even though the overall survival for patients with bladder carcinoma has improved significantly over the last decade. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
On the synthesis and characterization of La doped MgB2 superconductor
Authors: Shekhar C. , Giri R. , Tiwari R. S. , Srivastava O. N.
Published: July 2004

We report the synthesis of La doped MgB2 superconductors with nominal compositions Mg1‐xLaxB2 (with x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07) by solid state reaction at ambient pressure. A special encapsulation technique has been used by us to prepare high quality superconducting MgB2 samples. The bulk polycrystalline samples possess superconducting transition temperature Tc(R=0) ranging between 36‐39 K. It has been found that transport critical current density Jc of the samples change significantly with the doping level of La. A high transport (Jc) value ∼1.9 x 103 A/cm2 at 15 K has been achieved for Mg0.97La0.03B2 sample. The XRD and TEM investigations indicate that the samples prepared by encapsulation method are devoid of MgO, which is generally found when synthesis of MgB2 is done through sintering of Mg and B powders. The detailed microstructural investigations of Mg0.97La0.03B2 specimens by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveal the presence of partial dislocation network, moiré fringes and superlattice structure in the as synthesized samples. The higher transport critical current density observed in Mg0.97La0.03B2 superconductor has been attributed to the partial dislocations which are capable of providing pinning centres. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the dimensions of species participating in the growth of ammonium oxalate monohydrate crystals from viscosity data of concentrated aqueous solutions
Authors: Sangwal K. , Frej H. , Misztal R.
Published: July 2004

The experimental data of the temperature and concentration dependence of viscosity of concentrated aqueous ammonium oxalate solutions are analysed using the hole theory of liquids and Einstein's model of viscosity. Analysis of the data revealed that the dimensions of the species participating in the growth of ammonium oxalate monohydrate crystals are 3‐5 times larger than the dimensions of individual NH4+ and C2O42‐ ions composing them. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Adaptive joint beamforming and B‐MMSE detection for CDMA signal reception under multipath interference
Authors: Chen Hsiao‐Hwa , Lee Jen‐Siu
Published: July 2004

The combination of antenna array beamforming with multiuser detection can effectively improve the detection efficiency of a wireless system under multipath interference, especially in a fast‐fading channel. This paper studies the performance of an adaptive beamformer incorporated with a block‐wise minimum mean square error(B‐MMSE) detector, which works on a unique signal frame characterized by training sequence preamble and data blocks segmented by zero‐bits. Both beam‐former weights updating and B‐MMSE detection are carried out by either least mean square (LMS) or recursive least square (RLS) algorithm. The comparison of the two adaptive algorithms applied to both beamformer and B‐MMSE detector will be made in terms of convergence behaviour and estimation mean square error. Various multipath patterns are considered to test the receiver's responding rapidity to changing multipath interference. The performance of the adaptive B‐MMSE detector is also compared with that of non‐adaptive version (i.e. through direct matrix inversion). The final performance in error probability simulation reveals that the RLS/B‐MMSE scheme outperforms non‐adaptive B‐MMSE by 1–5 dB, depending on the multipath channel delay profiles of concern. The obtained results also suggest that adaptive beamformer should use RLS algorithm for its fast and robust convergence property; while the B‐MMSE filter can choose either LMS or RLS algorithm depending on antenna array size, multipath severity and implementation complexity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hybrid prioritized multiple access protocols for bank LANs
Authors: Sklira M. , Pomportsis A. S.
Published: July 2004

Bank communication networks support four classes of traffic: Alarm, BSC, SNA and IP traffic, with each class of traffic having different priority requirements. In this paper, a framework for the design of multiple access protocols which are capable of handling the above priority classes is introduced. Furthermore, a hybrid multiple access protocol that has been designed according to the proposed framework is presented and evaluated by means of extensive simulation results. The proposed protocol, is applicable to a broad range of prioritized LANs. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TFRC friendliness and the case of ECN
Authors: Bakthavachalu Sivakumar , Labrador Miguel A.
Published: July 2004

The TFRC protocol has been proposed as a TCP‐friendly protocol to transport streaming media over the Internet. However, its deployment is still questionable because it has not been compared to other important protocols, analysed in the presence of important mechanisms, such as the explicit congestion notification (ECN), and studied under more realistic network conditions. In this paper, we address these three aspects, including other congestion control protocols not considered before in the same investigation, such as TCP Tahoe, Reno, Newreno, Vegas, Sack, GAIMD, and the Binomial algorithms, the effect of using ECN in the friendliness of the protocols, and the fairness of the protocols under static and dynamic network conditions. We found that TFRC can be safely deployed in the Internet if competing with TCP Tahoe, New Reno and SACK since fairness is achieved under all scenarios considered. We also found that ECN actually helps in achieving better fairness. However, fairness problems arise when TFRC competes with TCP Reno, GAIMD, SQRT or IIAD in static or dynamic conditions, or both. We used normalized throughput, fairness index, and convergence time as the main performance metrics for comparison. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Phorbol‐Resiniferatoxin (RTX) Hybrids
Authors: Appendino Giovanni , Bertolino Andrea , Minassi Alberto , Annunziata Rita , Szallasi Arpad , de Petrocellis Luciano , Di Marzo Vincenzo
Published: July 2004

Phorboid 20‐homovanillates modified on ring C to mimic the constitution and conformation of the ultrapotent vanilloid resiniferatoxin (RTX) and on the AB ring system to suppress the tumour‐promoting potential of the terpenoid core were prepared. Several unexpected reactions were discovered, and the structure‐activity relationships for this class of vanilloid ligands were expanded. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Measuring horizontal inequity in Belgian health care using a Gaussian random effects two part count data model
Authors: Van Ourti Tom
Published: July 2004

We estimate the determinants of utilisation of physician and hospital services in Belgium using a one‐ and two‐part panel count data model, and a one‐ and two‐part pooled count data model. We conclude that the two‐part panel count data model is most appropriate as it controls for unobserved heterogeneity and allows for a two‐part decision‐making process. The estimates of the determinants of utilisation of health care are then used to calculate indices of horizontal inequity. We find that inequity for general practitioner and hospital services is stable across time and in favour of low‐income individuals, in the sense that, overall, they consume more than one would expect on the basis of their need, albeit the indices for hospital care are not significant. Horizontal equity applies to specialist care in all years, but from 1999 onwards, some evidence (although not statistically significant) of pro‐rich inequity is found. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacy of piperacillin‐tazobactam in the treatment of surgical wound infection after clean‐contaminated head and neck oncologic surgery
Authors: Rodrigo Juan P. , Sŭrez Carlos , Bernaldez Ricardo , Collado Diego
Published: July 2004

Background.

Although perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis has significantly reduced surgical wound infection rates, this complication is still a frequent complication of head and neck cancer surgery. Because these infections are typically polymicrobial, our study evaluated the safety and efficacy of piperacillin‐tazobactam in the treatment of surgical wound infection after clean‐contaminated head and neck oncologic surgery.

Methods.

In this multicenter, prospective clinical trial, 70 patients with surgical wound infection received piperacillin‐tazobactam.

Results.

Of patients who were evaluable, 92.4% were also clinically cured or improved, and the bacteriologic eradication rate was 80.3%. Of the 70 patients enrolled in the study, six (8.5%) experienced six adverse events: two cases of moderate diarrhea, one allergic skin reaction, and three cases of phlebitis. No deaths were attributable to the study drug.

Conclusions.

Piperacillin‐tazobactam is a good choice of treatment as monotherapy for surgical wound infection after clean‐contaminated head and neck oncologic surgery. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 823–828, 2004
Mutation of p53 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma correlates with Bcl‐2 expression and increased susceptibility to cisplatin‐induced apoptosis
Authors: Andrews Genevieve A. , Xi Sichuan , Pomerantz Rebecca G. , Lin Charles J. , Gooding William E. , Wentzel Abbey L. , Wu Li , Sidransky David , Grandis Jennifer Rubin
Published: July 2004

Background.

The p53 protein, a well‐known tumor suppressor that functions primarily as a transcription factor, initiates cell cycle arrest and apoptosis after genotoxic stress. The antiapoptotic regulator Bcl‐2 is a downstream modulator of p53‐induced apoptosis. Loss of function of the p53 tumor suppressor through mutation is an important event that contributes to cellular transformation. Mutation of p53 is one of the most common genetic alterations in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN). We hypothesized that p53 mutation is associated with Bcl‐2 expression and susceptibility to apoptosis in SCCHN.

Methods.

Exons 5 to 8 of the p53 gene were sequenced in 22 SCCHN tumor samples and correlated with the Bcl‐2 expression and apoptosis rates in these tumors. In addition, a Bcl‐2–expressing SCCHN cell line, UMSCC74B, was stably transfected with a temperature‐sensitive mutant p53 construct, and Bcl‐2 expression levels were examined at the mutant and the wild‐type temperatures.

Results.

Bcl‐2 expression was inversely correlated with wild‐type p53 status in SCCHN tumors (p = .05). Furthermore, there was a modest increase (1.7‐fold) in apoptosis in the wild‐type p53 tumors compared with mutant p53 SCCHN. Immunoblotting of UMSCC74B cells stably transfected with the temperature‐sensitive mutant p53 construct demonstrated that shifting these cells to the mutant p53 temperature (39.5°C) resulted in decreased expression of Bcl‐2 compared with levels in cells grown at the wild‐type p53 temperature (32.5°C). Further investigation showed that SCCHN cells expressing predominantly mutant p53 and decreased Bcl‐2 were more susceptible to cisplatin‐induced apoptosis than vector‐transfected controls (p < .0001).

Conclusions.

These results suggest that p53 mutation directly modulates Bcl‐2 expression and therefore susceptibility to chemotherapy‐induced apoptosis in SCCHN cells in vitro. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 870–877, 2004
Concomitant radiochemotherapy in primary inoperable advanced head and neck cancer with 5‐fluorouracil and mitomycin‐C
Authors: Christiansen Hans , Hermann Robert M. , Hille Andrea , Weiss Elisabeth , Nitsche Mirko , Martin Alexios , Hess Clemens F. , Pradier Olivier
Published: July 2004

Background.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of radiotherapy and concomitant 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and mitomycin‐C infusion in inoperable head and neck cancer.

Methods.

Seventy‐six patients (86% men, 14% women), mean age 57 years, with primary inoperable head and neck cancer were treated with 70 Gy plus simultaneous intravenous chemotherapy with 5‐FU (600 mg/m2/d, days 1 to 5) and mitomycin‐C (10 mg/m2, day 5 plus 36).

Results.

After a mean follow‐up of 13 months, 31 patients were alive. Complete response (CR) was seen in 63%. The 1‐ and 2‐year overall survival rates were 67.7% and 39.5%, and locoregional control rates were 51.7% and 35.6%. Pretreatment hemoglobin <13.9 g/dL was associated with lower locoregional control rates (p = .03). Therapy was well tolerated (grade 3 mucositis in 21%, grade 4 in 1%, grade 3 leukopenia in 11%).

Conclusions.

Our radiochemotherapy regimen offers a curative option for this group of patients with a poor prognosis. Hemoglobin levels before therapy have an influence on prognosis. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 845–853, 2004
Cutaneous metastatic squamous cell carcinoma to the parotid gland: analysis and outcome
Authors: Audet Nathalie , Palme Carsten E. , Gullane Patrick J. , Gilbert Ralph W. , Brown Dale H. , Irish Jonathan , Neligan Peter
Published: July 2004

Background.

Our aim was to review the presentation, treatment, and outcome of patients with metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma involving the parotid gland at a tertiary referral center.

Methods.

We performed a retrospective chart review of the cancer registry at the Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, from 1970 to 2001. All patients had a previously untreated metastatic cutaneous head and neck squamous cell carcinoma involving the parotid gland. A minimal follow‐up of 1 year was mandatory for inclusion in the study.

Results.

Fifty‐six white patients (43 men and 13 women), with a median age of 76 years (range, 49–97 years), were eligible for inclusion. The disease in all patients was retrospectively staged according to a new system. Twenty patients had P1 disease, 14 had P2, and 22 had P3. Therapy included surgery and adjuvant external beam radiation in 37 patients, single‐modality external beam radiation in 12, and surgery alone in seven patients. The overall recurrence rate was 29%. The disease‐specific survival was significantly worse in patients treated with external beam radiation alone (p < .05). Tumor size >6 cm (p < .01) and the presence of facial nerve involvement (p < .01) were poor prognostic factors.

Conclusions.

Metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma to the parotid gland is an aggressive neoplasm that requires combination therapy. The presence of a lesion in excess of 6 cm or with facial nerve involvement is associated with a poor prognosis. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 727–732, 2004
Parathyroid carcinoma: A 22‐year experience
Authors: Busaidy Naifa L. , Jimenez Camilo , Habra Mouhammed Amir , Schultz Pamela N. , El‐Naggar Adel K. , Clayman Gary L. , Asper Joshua A. , Diaz Eduardo M. , Evans Douglas B. , Gagel Robert F. , Garden Adam , Hoff Ana O. , Lee Jeffrey E. , Morrison William H. , Rosenthal David I. , Sherman Steven I. , Sturgis Erich M. , Waguespack Steven G. , Weber Randal S. , Wirfel Kelly , Vassilopoulou‐Sellin Rena
Published: July 2004

Purpose.

Because parathyroid carcinoma is rare, clear consensus is not available regarding the optimal management of patients with this condition. Treatment strategies generally derive from clinical and anecdotal experiences. We report our experience with this entity.

Methods.

We included all patients with parathyroid carcinoma seen at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center since January 1, 1980. The medical records and pathology specimens were reviewed and verified in all cases.

Results.

Since 1980, 27 patients (16 men and 11 women) registered at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center with parathyroid carcinoma and a minimum follow‐up of 2 years. The age at initial diagnosis (mean ± SD) was 46.7 ± 15.3 years. All patients were seen with hypercalcemia (mean calcium, 13.4 ± 1.5 mg/dL). Eighteen patients had locally invasive disease, eight had localized disease, and one had distant metastasis. Parathyroid cancer was treated with complete surgical excision with curative intent in 18 patients. In the other nine patients, who had clinical and/or radiographic evidence of soft tissue extension, the tumor was treated by comprehensive “en bloc” soft tissue resection. Of six patients who received adjuvant radiotherapy after initial surgery, only one had a local relapse. In contrast, of 20 patients who did not receive adjuvant radiotherapy, 10 had a local relapse, excluding the one patient who had distant metastases. The 5‐year survival was 85%, and the 10‐year survival was 77%. Five patients died of parathyroid carcinoma; all deaths were hypercalcemia related.

Conclusions.

Parathyroid carcinoma can be an indolent disease with morbidity and mortality related to hypercalcemia. Adjuvant radiotherapy may improve local control and limit the occurrence of local relapse. A comprehensive multidisciplinary approach with surgery, radiation therapy, and medical treatment for hypercalcemia is needed to optimize patient outcome. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 716–726, 2004
Supraglottic hemipharyngolaryngectomy for the treatment of T1 and T2 carcinomas of laryngeal margin and piriform sinus
Authors: Makeieff Marc , Mercante Guiseppe , Jouzdani Elhám , Garrel Renaud , Crampette Louis , Guerrier Bernard
Published: July 2004

Background.

We evaluated the functional and oncologic results of supraglottic hemipharyngolaryngectomy as treatment for T1 and T2 lateral laryngeal margin and piriform sinus carcinomas.

Methods.

Eighty‐seven patients underwent this surgical treatment. The disease was classified T1 in 14 of these cases (16.1%) and T2 in 73 cases (83.9%). The nodal status indicated 39 cases of N0 (44.8%), 18 cases of N1 (20.7%), 28 cases of N2 (32.2%), and two cases of N3 (2.2%). With regard to the N0 cases, 15 (38.4%) were positive at the histologic examination. Within the N+ group, 52.1% involved capsular rupture.

Results.

Two patients died of complications during the postoperative period. The mean duration of nasogastric tube feeding was 20 days. Six patients (7.27%) had feeding resumption problems. All patients were decanulated after a mean period of 16 days. All patients underwent postoperative radiation therapy, except two with T1N0N− disease and three who had previously undergone this treatment. The 5‐year actuarial survival rate was 60.3% (T1, 83.3%; T2, 49.9%). The rates of local and regional recurrence, second primary cancer, and metastasis were 19.5%, 24.1%, and 28.1%, respectively. The infringement of the pharyngoepiglottic fold was significantly correlated with locoregional recurrence. The survival rate was significantly correlated with the nodal status and extracapsular spread.

Conclusions.

Initial staged cancers of the laryngeal margin and piriform sinus can be successfully managed with conservative surgery called supraglottic hemipharyngolaryngectomy combined with nodal neck dissection. Postoperative radiation therapy is still recommended in most cases because of the high recurrence potential and prevalence of secondary regional cancers. This combined treatment seems to be a suitable therapeutic choice in the treatment of patients with T1 and T2 carcinomas of the laryngeal margins and piriform sinus. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 701–705, 2004
Identification of an HLA‐DR‐restricted peptide epitope with a promiscuous binding pattern derived from the cancer testis antigen HOM‐MEL‐40/SSX2
Authors: Neumann Frank , Wagner Claudia , Stevanovic Stefan , Kubuschok Boris , Schormann Claudia , Mischo Axel , Ertan Kubilay , Schmidt Werner , Pfreundschuh Michael
Published: July 2004

The SSX2 gene encodes the tumor‐specific antigen HOM‐MEL‐40/SSX2 expressed in a broad spectrum of tumors of different origin, against which humoral and CD8+ T‐cell‐mediated MHC‐I‐restricted responses have been demonstrated. Searching for promiscuous MHC‐II‐restricted peptides that might be suitable as a CD4+ stimulating vaccine for many patients, we used the SYFPEITHI algorithm and identified a HOM‐MEL‐40/SSX2‐derived pentadecamer epitope (p45–59) that induced specific CD4+ T‐cell responses restricted by the HLA‐DRB1 subtypes *0701, *1101 and *1302 that have a cumulative prevalence of ∼ 25% in the Caucasian population. The CD4+‐mediated response against p45–59 and its DR restriction was demonstrated by inhibition with anti‐CD4 and HLA‐DR antibodies, respectively, and by blocking experiments using HLA‐specific antibodies. The natural processing and presentation of p45–59 was demonstrated by recognition of the SSX2+ melanoma cell line Me 275 as well as autologous and allogeneic dendritic cells pulsed with whole‐protein SSX2 by T cells with specificity for p45–59. p45–59 was able to induce responses in 3/6 breast cancer patients and 1/5 healthy controls. No correlation was found between CD4+ T‐cell responses against p45–59 reactivity and anti‐SSX2 antibody titers in the serum of patients, suggesting that CD4+ and B‐cell responses are regulated independently. p45–59 holds promise as a broadly applicable peptide vaccine for patients with SSX2‐positive neoplasms. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retinol, carotenoids and the risk of prostate cancer: A case‐control study from Italy
Authors: Bosetti Cristina , Talamini Renato , Montella Maurizio , Negri Eva , Conti Ettore , Franceschi Silvia , La Vecchia Carlo
Published: July 2004

Several studies have evaluated the possible association between intakes of retinoids and carotenoids and the risk of prostate cancer, but the evidence is still inconsistent. Further, only a few studies have investigated the role of specific carotenoids other than β‐carotene. We have thus considered the association between retinol and various carotenoids using data from a multicentric case‐control study conducted in Italy between 1991 and 2002. This included 1,294 incident, histologically confirmed prostate cancer cases below age 75 years admitted to major teaching and general hospitals in the areas under study, and 1,451 controls below age 75 years selected among patients admitted to the same hospitals as cases for a wide spectrum of acute nonneoplastic conditions not related to long‐term modifications of diet. Subjects' usual diet was investigated by means of a validated food‐frequency questionnaire. Multivariate odds ratios and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals were estimated using unconditional logistic regression models. The risk of prostate cancer tended to decrease with increasing intake of retinol (OR = 0.79 for the highest versus the lowest quintile of intake), carotene (OR = 0.70), α‐carotene (OR = 0.85) and β‐carotene (OR = 0.72), although the estimates were significant for carotene and β‐carotene only. No meaningful associations emerged for nonprovitamin A carotenoids, such as lycopene (OR = 0.94) and lutein/zeaxanthin (OR = 0.91). No systematic heterogeneity was observed across strata of age, education and body mass index. Thus, our study supports the hypothesis of a weak protective effect of carotene, particularly β‐carotene, on the risk of prostate cancer, while it indicates that other carotenoids, including lycopene, and retinol are not appreciably related to the risk of this neoplasm. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Texture and distribution of pectic substances of mango as affected by infusion of pectinmethylesterase and calcium
Authors: Banjongsinsiri Panida , Kenney Stephen , Wicker Louise
Published: July 2004

Fresh cut mangos were infused with pectinesterase (PME) and calcium chloride, and the effect on textural properties, distribution of pectic substance and degree of esterification was determined. Temperature gradient infusion with PME and/or calcium chloride increased gumminess and chewiness, but had no impact on hardness and adhesiveness. The distribution of pectic substances, as protopectin or alkaline soluble pectin, was approximately twice that of water‐ or chelator‐soluble pectin. The degree of esterification of water‐ and chelator‐soluble pectic substances was near 50–60%, and less than 10%, respectively. Heat‐sensitive PME inhibitor in mango was detected. The initial hardness of Kent mango was variable, and differences in distribution of pectic substances were observed. Texture of Kent mango is most likely moderated by changes in the solubility of insoluble pectin or by non‐pectin components in the cell wall. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Bioavailability of iron from a heat treated glucose‐lysine model food system: assays in rats and in Caco‐2 cells
Authors: Delgado‐Andrade Cristina , Seiquer Isabel , Navarro M Pilar
Published: July 2004

The influence of Maillard reaction products (MRP) from glucose–lysine on iron bioavailability was investigated. Equimolar glucose–lysine mixtures (GL, 40% moisture) were heated (150 °C, for 30, 60 and 90 min) to prepare samples GL30, GL60 and GL90, respectively, and were used to study the influence of MRP on iron solubility, iron uptake and transport in Caco‐2 cells and iron balance in rats. After an initial increase with GL30, in vitro iron solubility decreased in the presence of most of the heated samples. The Caco‐2 cell experiments showed that Fe cell content increased in the presence of heated mixtures with respect to GL, whereas transport was less affected. Iron balance was determined in rats fed diets containing the GL30 and GL90 samples (3%) for a 21 day period and compared with that measured in a control group. Consumption of glucose–lysine heated mixtures increased total iron retention, although hemoglobin values decreased. Iron accumulations in organs such as the spleen, kidney and small intestine were observed. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Developing wine trails as a tourist attraction in Israel
Authors: Jaffe Eugene , Pasternak Hanoch
Published: July 2004

The objective of this paper is to suggest marketing strategies for the development of wine trails in Israel as tourist attractions. Both inbound and domestic tourists were surveyed as to their motives for visiting wineries and their experiences from those visits. The expectations of tourists with regard to the wine trail experience were compared with the beliefs of winery operators. The findings showed that there was a high degree of understanding of tourist needs among the winery operators. Nevertheless, augmentation of the winery experience is necessary if wine trail tourism is to further develop. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.