bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manifestações clínicas presentes na doença de Niemann-pick tipo C em diferentes faixas etárias: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Silva Barbara Beatriz Lira da , Alves Ana Klara Rodrigues , Pereira Raquel De Brito , Alves Ana Karla Rodrigues , Teixeira Kelly Sivocy Sampaio
Published: March 2021

A doença de Niemann-Pick (DNP) é um distúrbio raro, de armazenamentolisossômico ou de acumulação. É considera uma doença grave e possui três tipos principais: A, B e C. Esse estudo visa analisar se a apresentação de manifestações clínicas em determinada faixa etária do tipo C da doença influencia na melhora do diagnóstico e no prognóstico do paciente. O presente estudo utiliza como método a revisão integrativa da literatura, realizado através de uma busca na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) nas bases de dados da Medline, Pubmed e Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online) usando os cruzamentos dos descritores “Doença de Niemann-Pick”, “Recém-nascidos”. O espectro clínico varia de uma doença pré-natal fatal a uma doença neurodegenerativa crônica no estágio da vida adulta. Os neonatos podem apresentar ascite e hepatomegalia, podendo estar associada à dificuldade respiratória por infiltração dos pulmões. Devido à complexidade da apresentação dos sintomas, o diagnóstico da DNP-C representa um grande desafio, e o reconhecimento dos sintomas e diagnóstico são cruciais para o início precoce de terapias específicas da doença, garantindo melhores resultados aos pacientes. A fim de melhorar o diagnóstico e facilitar a intervenção precoce, foi desenvolvido um ensaio de triagem neonatal com base em biomarcadores plasmáticos de ácidos biliares recentemente identificados. Considerando a prevalência de sintomas no diagnóstico em pacientes de diferentes idades e destacando possíveis correlações entre os sintomas, os profissionais podem obter informações valiosas sobre a sintomatologia da DNP-C, ajudando no reconhecimento de pacientes com DNP-C numa determinada faixa etária.
Metodologias ativas de aprendizagem sobre anomalia craniofacial: o agente comunitário de saúde como formador de saberes
Authors: Galdino Taise Ferreira de Lima , Neves Liliane Elise Souza , Oliveira Amanda Almeida de
Published: March 2021

O Agente Comunitário de Saúde (ACS) constituindo um vínculo com a comunidade e o serviço de saúde, com isso faz necessário constantes atualizações sobre novas temáticas para atuarem na promoção e prevenção de saúde, sendo uma delas a anomalia craniofacial. Objetivo: Verificar a efetividade de um programa de aprimoramento com ACS utilizando metodologias ativas sobre anomalia craniofacial. Método: Trata-se de um relato de experiência de aprimoramento na temática de anomalia craniofacial, com pré e pós teste em grupo único. O aprimoramento foi realizado em dois encontros utilizando a metodologia ativa como, Metodologia da Problematização e TBL e um material virtual disponibilizado pelo Projeto Crânio-face Brasil de Bauru/SP. Os temas abordados foram: conceito sobre anomalia craniofacial, as causas, condutas de prevenção e tratamento. Para analisar o aproveitamento do aprimoramento pelos participantes foi aplicado um questionário pré e pós com perguntas sobre os assuntos abordados no decorrer do estudo. Resultados: A casuística constou de 27 ACS de Recife/PE correspondente as Unidades Básica de Saúde participantes vinculadas ao Hospital do IMIP. Os cursistas apresentaram um alto percentual de ocorrência de erros no questionário aplicado previamente ao aprimoramento em todo o grupo, sendo notório uma diminuição pós. Conclusões: Os resultados deste estudo comprovam êxito no aprimoramento com utilização de metodologias ativas proposto para os ACS sobre a temática da anomalia craniofacial. Palavras- chaves: Agentes Comunitário de Saúde, Anomalia craniofacial, Aprimoramento, Educação em Saúde.
Ecovilas, o que podemos aprender com uma nova definição ancorada na construção deste fenômeno hodierno?
Authors: Santana Elissandro Dos Santos , Santos Luiza Luchi Ramos , Rabbani Allívia Rouse Carregosa , Rabbani Roberto Muhájir Rahnemay
Published: March 2021

A definição do termo “ecovilas” surgiu em 1991 a partir do livro “Ecovilas e Comunidades Sustentáveis”, divulgada, mundialmente, em 1995, por meio da consolidação da Rede Global de Ecovilas. Desde então, houve uma evolução no conceito de “ecovilas”, se transformando em um termo que evidencia a sua correlação com a sustentabilidade. Contudo, em se tratando de um fenômeno contemporâneo, este é mutável, uma vez que o próprio conceito de sustentabilidade se amplia e a sociedade exige outras formatações de assentamento humano e a revisitação de suas bases formadoras. Neste trabalho, fez-se um estudo da origem do termo “ecovilas” e de seu histórico diante de um resgate histórico a partir da literatura científica, visando a sistematizar, cronologicamente, as diferentes definições e ressaltar os componentes semânticos que contribuem para sua conceituação e, como resultado, uma nova definição baseada em seis dimensões. O fenômeno constitui campo fértil de investigações para pesquisadores/as de novas organizações sustentáveis apontando novas trilhas a serem exploradas.
Educação em saúde nos livros didáticos de Ciências e Biologia brasileiros: um panorama das teses e dissertações (1994 – 2018)
Authors: Rudek Karine , Hermel Erica Do Espirito Santo
Published: March 2021

O artigo apresenta um panorama da produção acadêmica de como a Educação em Saúde tem sido apresentada nos livros didáticos (LDs) do Ensino Fundamental e Médio em teses e dissertações desenvolvidas no período entre 1994 e 2018. Foram selecionadas e investigadas 9 pesquisas que abordam a temática Educação e abordagens de Saúde nos LDs de Ciências e Biologia. Como metodologia de pesquisa usamos Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a maioria das produções são dissertações (7). Quanto as abordagens de saúde, a biomédica se fez presente em todas as produções (9), seguida da comportamental (5) e da socioecológica (3). Evidenciamos que a Educação em Saúde está fortemente ligada ao Ensino de Ciências e Biologia e que os conceitos de saúde abordados nos LDs contribuem de forma muito frágil com abordagens mais críticas de saúde.  O estudo apresenta a preocupação em discutir a saúde desde o início da escolarização. A pesquisa apontou também para a carência de discussões em Programas de Pós-graduação sobre a temática Educação em Saúde e a necessidade da inserção da temática nos LDs de forma mais crítica e reflexiva, ressaltando a necessidade da divulgação e disseminação desta temática visando abrir novos campos para discussão e reflexão sobre a Educação em Saúde no contexto escolar.
A narrative review of preventive measures for postoperative delirium in older adults
Authors: Shaji Priya , McCabe Catherine
Published: March 2021

Postoperative delirium (POD) is an acute neurological condition associated with changes in cognition and attention and disorganised thinking. Although delirium can affect patients from any age group, it is common in older patients and could lead to a longer hospital stay and a higher risks of mortality. This article presents findings from a literature review that identifies various strategies used by health professionals globally to prevent POD. A database search resulted in 25 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis and coding were used to combine recurrent ideas that emerged from the literature. Three themes were identified: early identification and screening, modifiable risk factors, and preventive interventions. Further research focusing on education and improving awareness about POD among nurses is essential.
Borderline and Antisocial Personality Disorders in the Bible
Authors: Martins Hugo André de Lima , Martins Bianca Bastos Mazullo , Martins Bruna Bastos Mazullo , Ribas Valdenilson Ribeiro , Dos Santos Alexandro Luiz Bomfim
Published: March 2021

Introduction: A pervasive and inflexible personality characterizes the borderline personality disorder (BPD) and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Both belong to cluster B of the personality classification, and the main feature is emotional dysregulation and a high degree of impulsivity.
Objective: To present, outline, and discuss the traits of borderline and antisocial personalities in the biblical characters.
Methods: An extensive search was conducted in the Old and New Testaments to find characters who committed violent acts against themselves and/or against other characters. Right after, we sought traits of borderline and antisocial personality disorders and outlined the psychological profile of the characters.
Results: Six characters committed suicide in the Old Testament. The first was Abimelech, whose history is told in the book of Judges, followed by Samson’s. The next was Saul, as presented in 1 Samuel. Ahithophel's suicide is reported in 2 Samuel, while Zimri is reported in the 1 Kings, and Judas, the most famous suicide of the New Testament. The following characters presented with a high degree of impulsivity and homicidal acts: Cain and Potiphar’s wife, reported in the book of Genesis, and Absalom and Amnon, described in 2 Samuel (Amnon was a rapist and killer). The last murderer woman described was Jezebel, presented in the book of 1 Kings and 2 Kings.
Conclusion: The bible is a very rich and underexplored source of borderline and antisocial personality disorder descriptions.
Observations on Phassus n-signatus Weymer (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) feeding on Ligustrum lucidum in a suburban habitat of Heredia, Costa Rica

Authors: GREHAN JOHN R. , MIELKE CARLOS C. G. , HILJE LUKO
Published: March 2021

Larval feeding by the Central American ghost moth Phassus n-signatus is recorded in the Asian tree Ligustrum lucidum for the first time. Larval feeding and feeding damage was observed on 15 plants in a suburban environment where L. lucidum is widely used as a residential hedge. Larvae feed under a web of silk and frass on callus wound tissue that grows back following removal of bark around the entrance to a short (less than 42 cm) tunnel where the larva resides when at rest. The diameter of host plant stems at the tunnel site ranged between 4–32 cm and most larval tunnels were found less than 1.5 m from the ground. The presence of P. n-signatus within a suburban residential area shows that this species can persist within human modified urbanized environments where there are sufficient host plants available, and ground conditions include decaying plant debris that would be necessary to support growth of early instars that are presumed to occupy this microhabitat as documented for other stem boring Hepialidae. Key words: callus feeding, Central America, ecology, host plant, larva, phytophagy, stem borer
Changes in Epigaeic Ant Assemblage Structure in the Amazon during Successional Processes after Bauxite Mining
Authors: Fernandes Geraldo Wilson , Lana Tate C. , Ribas Carla R. , Schoereder Jose Henrique , Solar Ricardo , Majer Johnatan D. , Cordeiro Eduardo G. , Delabie Jacques Hubert C. , Vilela Evaldo Ferreira
Published: March 2021

Environmental impact studies often involve monitoring and using bioindicators to evaluate the restoration stage of impacted areas. We aimed to assess ant assemblages’ response to the ecological succession of previously disturbed areas in the Brazilian Amazon. We sampled epigeic ant assemblages in five bauxite mining areas, representing different restoration stages, and compared them with two pristine areas. We also compared trends in species richness at the same mine site investigated 14 years earlier. Ten pitfall traps and four Winkler samples of litter were taken along a 100-m transect in each area. We expected that ant species richness would increase with the amelioration in habitat condition (i.e., environmental surrogates of ecological succession, including litter depth, soil penetrability, the circumference of trees, the distance of trees to adjacent trees, and percentage of ground cover). We also compared the efficacy of both sampling methods. Due to more significant sampling effort, pitfall traps captured more ant species than Winkler sacks. However, Winkler samples’ addition allowed the collection of more cryptic species than by pitfall traps alone. We sampled a total of 129 ant species, with increases in ant species richness in more mature rehabilitation. Nevertheless, similarity analysis indicated a significant difference between ant assemblages of rehabilitated areas and pristine ones. Assemblages differed mainly by the presence of specialist and rare species, found only in pristine plots. Rehabilitated areas exhibited a significant increase in tree circumference as they reached more ecologically advanced stages, which contributed to increasing ant species richness. These trends and comparison with the earlier study indicate that although there are favorable increases in ant species richness, in terms of species composition, rehabilitated areas were far from achieving an ant assemblage composition or environmental status that closely resembles pristine areas.
A Surprisingly Non-attractiveness of Commercial Poison Baits to Newly Established Population of White-Footed Ant, Technomyrmex brunneus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), in a Remote Island of Japan
Authors: Terayama Mamoru , Sunamura Eiriki , Fujimaki Ryota , Ono Takashi , Eguchi Katsuyuki
Published: March 2021

The white-footed ant, Technomyrmex brunneus, was newly introduced and established in a remote island of Japan and has caused unacceptable damage to the daily life of residents. To establish proper control measures, the present study investigated whether T. brunneus is effectively attracted to commercially available poison baits used to exterminate common household pest ants and the Argentine ant in Japan. Cafeteria experiments using three types of nontoxic baits and eight types of commercial poison baits for ants were conducted in the field, and the attractiveness was compared among the baits. The liquid poison bait “Arimetsu,” which consists of 42.6% water, 55.4% sugar, and 2.0% borate, and nontoxic 10% (w/v) sucrose water showed the highest attractiveness. On the other hand, other commercial poison baits were not as attractive. Therefore, sucrose liquid is the most effective attractive component to use in poison baits for T. brunneus.
Effect of cataract-induced refractive change on intraocular lens power formula predictions
Authors: Cooke David L. , Cooke Timothy L. , Atchison David A.
Published: March 2021

Cataract-induced refractive change (CIRC) is the change in refraction induced by a cataract. It can amount to several diopters (D). It alters predicted errors in refraction following cataract surgery through changes in axial length measurement. This study determined the effect of CIRC on the accuracy of intraocular lens power formula predictions of refraction in 872 eyes of 662 patients. Regression of results gave −0.030 D prediction error per 1 D of CIRC, i.e. cataract-induced myopia and hyperopia tended to yield postoperative hyperopia and myopia, respectively. Theoretical determinations with a model eye supported this result. There was significant correlation of nuclear cataract opalescence with CIRC. Although these effects are difficult to identify based on changes in refraction, if biometers were able to identify cataract density and automatically adjust axial length measurement, IOL power predictions might improve.
Combined effect of thermal and laser treatment on the destruction of active centers in Bi-doped phosphosilicate fibers
Authors: Kharakhordin A. V. , Alyshev S. V. , Riumkin K. E. , Khegai A. M. , Vakhrushev A. S. , Firstova E. G. , Melkumov M. A. , Lobanov A. S. , Afanasiev F. V. , Guryanov A. N. , Firstov S. V.
Published: March 2021

The destruction of laser-active centers in bismuth-doped phosphosilicate fibers exposed to laser light at 532 nm and 1240 nm during annealing at 300 – 600 °C was demonstrated. Both laser radiations were shown to facilitate bleaching of the bismuth-related active centers (BACs), although the rate of this process for 1240 nm is noticeably slower than that of the 532 nm. A phenomenological model including optical excitation processes and thermally activated conversion through a first-order reaction is presented to describe the joint impact of thermal and laser-light treatment. The proposed model is consistent with our experimental data on bleaching and allows us to determine some parameters inherent to the studied process. We demonstrate that the time behavior of the BACs destruction induced with different laser light is characterized by different activation energies. The possible underlying mechanism of the bleaching is discussed taking into account the structural features of phosphosilicate glass.
IKAROS is required for the measured response of NOTCH target genes upon external NOTCH signaling
Authors: Lemarié Maud , Bottardi Stefania , Mavoungou Lionel , Pak Helen , Milot Eric
Published: March 2021

The tumor suppressor IKAROS binds and represses multiple NOTCH target genes. For their induction upon NOTCH signaling, IKAROS is removed and replaced by NOTCH Intracellular Domain (NICD)-associated proteins. However, IKAROS remains associated to other NOTCH activated genes upon signaling and induction. Whether IKAROS could participate to the induction of this second group of NOTCH activated genes is unknown. We analyzed the combined effect of IKAROS abrogation and NOTCH signaling on the expression of NOTCH activated genes in erythroid cells. In IKAROS-deleted cells, we observed that many of these genes were either overexpressed or no longer responsive to NOTCH signaling. IKAROS is then required for the organization of bivalent chromatin and poised transcription of NOTCH activated genes belonging to either of the aforementioned groups. Furthermore, we show that IKAROS-dependent poised organization of the NOTCH targetCdkn1ais also required for its adequate induction upon genotoxic insults. These results highlight the critical role played by IKAROS in establishing bivalent chromatin and transcriptional poised state at target genes for their activation by NOTCH or other stress signals.
Serological evidence of single and mixed infections of Rift Valley fever virus, Brucella spp. and Coxiella burnetii in dromedary camels in Kenya
Authors: Muturi Mathew , Akoko James , Nthiwa Daniel , Chege Bernard , Nyamota Richard , Mutiiria Mathew , Maina Josphat , Thumbi S. M. , Nyamai Mutono , Kahariri Samuel , Sitawa Rinah , Kimutai Joshua , Kuria Wilson , Mwatondo Athman , Bett Bernard
Published: March 2021

Camels are increasingly becoming the livestock of choice for pastoralists reeling from effects of climate change in semi-arid and arid parts of Kenya. As the population of camels rises, better understanding of their role in the epidemiology of zoonotic diseases in Kenya is a public health priority. Rift Valley fever (RVF), brucellosis and Q fever are three of the top priority diseases in the country but the involvement of camels in the transmission dynamics of these diseases is poorly understood. We analyzed 120 camel serum samples from northern Kenya to establish seropositivity rates of the three pathogens and to characterize the infecting Brucella species using molecular assays. We found seropositivity of 24.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16.5–31.8%) for Brucella, 20.8% (95% CI: 13.6–28.1%) and 14.2% (95% CI: 7.9–20.4%) for Coxiella burnetii and Rift valley fever virus respectively. We found 27.5% (95% CI: 19.5–35.5%) of the animals were seropositive for at least one pathogen and 13.3% (95% CI: 7.2–19.4%) were seropositive for at least two pathogens. B. melitensis was the only Brucella spp. detected. The high sero-positivity rates are indicative of the endemicity of these pathogens among camel populations and the possible role the species has in the epidemiology of zoonotic diseases. Considering the strong association between human infection and contact with livestock for most zoonotic infections in Kenya, there is immediate need to conduct further research to determine the role of camels in transmission of these zoonoses to other livestock species and humans. This information will be useful for designing more effective surveillance systems and intervention measures.
“Even when people live just across the road…they won’t go”: Community health worker perspectives on incentivized delays to under-five care-seeking in urban slums of Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Blasini Amy W. , Waiswa Peter , Wanduru Phillip , Amutuhaire Lucky , Moyer Cheryl A.
Published: March 2021

Background

Although under-five (U5) mortality in Uganda has dropped over the past two decades, rates in urban slum neighborhoods remain high. As part of a broader verbal and social autopsy study of U5 deaths, this study explored the perspectives of volunteer community health workers, called Village Health Teams (VHTs), on why children under five in Kampala’s informal settlements are still dying despite living in close proximity to nearby health facilities.

Methods

This exploratory, qualitative study took place between January and March 2020 in the Rubaga division of Kampala, Uganda. VHTs from the slums of Kawaala and Nankulabye parishes, both located near a large government health center, were interviewed by a trained local interviewer to determine their perceptions of barriers to care-seeking and attribution for U5 childhood deaths. All interviews were audiotaped, transcribed into English, imported into NVivo V 12.0 and thematically analyzed using the Attride-Stirling framework.

Results

20 VHTs were interviewed, yielding two global themes, the first focusing on VHTs perceptions of their role in the community to promote positive health outcomes, and the second focusing on VHTs’ perceptions of how prompt care-seeking is disincentivized. Within the latter theme, three inter-related sub-themes emerged: disincentives for care-seeking at the health system level, which can drive negative beliefs held by families about the health system, and in turn, drive incentives for alternative health behaviors, which manifest as “incentivized delays” to care-seeking.

Discussion

This study illustrates VHT perspectives on the complex interactions between health system disincentives and the attitudes and behaviors of families with a sick child, as well as the reinforcing nature of these factors. Findings suggest a need for multi-pronged approaches that sensitize community members, engage community and health system leadership, and hold providers accountable for providing high-quality care. VHTs have enormous potential to foster improvement if given adequate resources, training, and support.
Cerebrospinal fluid leakage repair of various grades developing during endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal surgery
Authors: Lee Il Hwan , Kim Do Hyun , Park Jae-Sung , Jeun Sin-Soo , Hong Yong-Kil , Kim Sung Won
Published: March 2021

Objectives

We describe the strategy used to repair intraoperative leaks of various grades and define factors for preventing postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage (CSF) after surgery via the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EETA).

Study design

Retrospective chart review at a tertiary referral center.

Methods

Patients who underwent surgery via EETA from January 2009 to May 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Intraoperative CSF leakage was graded 0–3 in terms of the dural defect size; various repairs were used depending on the grade.

Results

A total of 777 patients underwent 869 operations via EETA; 609 (70.1%) experienced no intraoperative CSF leakage (grade 0) but 260 (29.9%) did. Leakage was of grade 1 in 135 cases (15.5%), grade 2 in 83 (9.6%), and grade 3 in 42 (4.8%). In 260 patients with intraoperative CSF leakage, a buttress was wedged into the sellar defect site in 178 cases (68.5%) and a pedicled flap was placed in 105 cases (40.4%). Autologous fat (108 cases, 41.5%) and a synthetic dural substitute (91 cases, 35%) were used to fill the dead space of the sellar resection cavity. Postoperative CSF leakage developed in 21 patients: 6 of grade 1, 7 of grade 2, and 8 of grade 3. Buttress placement significantly decreased postoperative leakage in grade 1 patients (p = 0.041). In patients of perioperative leakage grades 2 and 3, postoperative CSF leakage was significantly reduced only when both fat and a buttress were applied (p = 0.042 and p = 0.043, respectively).

Conclusion

A buttress prevented postoperative CSF leakage in grade 1 patients; both fat and buttress were required by patients with intraoperative leakage of grades 2 and 3.
Comparison of life history parameters of two different genetic clusters of Bemisia tabaci MED (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) through single and cross mating
Authors: Park Yujeong , Park Young-gyun , Lee Joon-Ho
Published: March 2021

Bemisia tabaciMediterranean (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is an economically important insect pest worldwide. Previously, we have reported that mostB.tabaciMediterranean (MED) populations occurring in greenhouse tomatoes in Korea have been displaced from well-differentiated two genetic clusters (C1 and C2) to one (C2) during one-year period. To elucidate factors responsible for this phenomenon, we compared life history parameters of these two different genetic clusters through single and cross mating experiments on two different host plants, cucumber and tobacco, at 26°C. Intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproductive rate (Ro) were significantly higher in the dominating cluster (C2) (0.247, 1.280, and 192.402, respectively on cucumber; 0.226, 1.253, and 133.792, respectively on tobacco) than in the other cluster (C1) (0.149, 1.161, and 50.539, respectively on cucumber; 0.145, 1.156, and 53.332, respectively on tobacco). Overall performances of cross mating groups, C2fC1m (C2 female × C1 male) and C1fC2m (C1 female × C2 male), were in-between those of C2 and C1, with C2fC1m performing better than C1fC2m. Thus, maternal inheritance appeared to be significantly associated with their life history parameters, with partial involvement of paternal inheritance. Our results demonstrated that the rapid displacement of genetic clusters ofB.tabaciMED populations was clearly associated with differences in their life history parameters.
Man-made man: The role of the fashion photograph in the development of masculinity
Authors: Steele Gabriel
Published: March 2021

As a former male model and fashion photographer, I am fascinated by the visual representation of masculinity. Currently, this representation is in the midst of a shift away from traditional, singular notions of masculinity towards a more diverse and inclusive representation. This article looks to analyse the role of fashion photography in the changing landscape of masculinity in male fashion photographs. I will be examining the historic creation of singular hegemonic masculine ideals and comparing them to current representations in male fashion photography, which have become more complex and inclusive of gestures and elements that were once ascribed to non-normative ideals. My research has uncovered the role of authors who create male fashion photographs and the process they follow in the creation of new narratives that are more diverse in the current climate of accelerated digitized media.
21st-century Buffalo Boys: Intersectional approaches to the complexities of modern masculinity
Authors: Ripley Georgina
Published: March 2021

Scottish-born stylist, Ray Petri, founder of the maverick Buffalo Collective, defined the look and feel of radical 1980s fashion magazines such as i-D, The Face and Arena. The Buffalo Boy look pioneered a more sexually ambiguous form of fashion iconography, undermining the putative immutability of normative codes of gender and sexuality and communicating a new image of masculinity. Previous conviction that the Buffalo spirit died with its founder has been upended by a new generation tapping into the Buffalo legacy, notably British-Ghanaian photographer, model-casting agent and publisher, Campbell Addy, and West African stylist, Ibrahim Kamara – both former interns of original Buffalo Collective members. This article explores how Addy and Kamara’s imagery interrogates the fragile relationship between menswear and masculinity, underpinned by intersectional issues of sex, race, faith and identity. Breaking down the construct of hegemonic masculinity, this article compares contemporary works by Addy and Kamara with the output of Buffalo to argue that the Buffalo spirit is evolving in how Addy and Kamara address notions of authenticity, exploit cross-cultural influences and transcend binary oppositions – redefining modern masculinity.
Power, privilege and paradox: Understanding Ranveer Singh’s sartorial fame and the (un)making of the new millennial masculinity in contemporary Indian society
Authors: Raghav Radhika
Published: March 2021

Bollywood film star Ranveer Singh’s fashion choices are often defined as eccentric, outlandish and even androgynous, in particular, his much-talked-about public appearances in bright floral pantsuits, or kohl-lined eyes and man-skirts are discussed in popular media as subverting gender norms and challenging gender binaries. Commenting on the shift in representation of contemporary Bollywood’s male protagonist, film scholars have argued that Singh embodies ‘metrosexual masculinity’ in neoliberal India and that his on- and off-screen persona involves deliberate scripting of a ‘feminist’ and ‘less patriarchally structured masculinity’. Testing the extent of the assertions mentioned above, I examine Singh’s media persona as a site of cultural production and a form of social reproduction. I use a feminist theoretical framework, and gender studies debates to critique Singh’s negotiations with gender and sexuality in his media images across – film, advertisement and social media. I argue that the millennial star as a fashion icon is not only far from offering a progressive model of millennial masculinity, but is also working towards normalizing Hindu gender ideologies that have long sanctioned power to men and subjugated women in Indian society. Focusing on the role played by the corporatized androcentric media industry, I argue that ‘feminist’ posturing of the star appropriates and suppresses other forms of marginal identities. Singh’s media persona thus works to maintain the status quo as far as gender, class and caste identities are concerned, and becomes a vehicle of the nationalist ideology under the present right-wing leader, Narendra Modi.
‘She will wear the britsch’: Masculinity and the iconography of Prince Albert
Authors: Bradshaw Hannah
Published: March 2021

This article examines the early representations of Prince Albert that either satirize or attempt to reconcile the hierarchical ambiguities and issue of threatened masculinity that resulted from unconventional male consortship and female rule. It concludes that the latter was achieved through the development of a suitable and legible iconography for a nineteenth-century male consort in adherence with British iconographic tradition and values. Drawing from methods in nineteenth-century art history as well as gender and performance studies and anthropology, it argues that images of the male body play a fundamental role in the construction and perpetuation of masculine ideology and subjectivity through the creation of the semblance of an innate and axiomatic masculine archetype. In doing so, this article problematizes and historicizes masculinity by illuminating the plurality of expressions of masculinity and rejecting the essentialist narrative of masculinity as something measurable or quantifiable, as well as ahistorical, atemporal, apolitical and heteronormative.
Predictive coding and the strong thesis of cognitive penetrability
Authors: Cermeño-Aínsa Sergio
Published: March 2021

In this paper, I discuss the strong thesis of cognitive penetrability (CPs), to wit, that the perceptual states (P) of a subject (S) are pervasively influenced, affected, or caused by cognitive factors (C) as expectations, memories, thoughts, goals, and so on, at all levels of perceptual processing. I argue that following the predictive coding models of perception (PC), the strong thesis of cognitive penetrability is to be expected.
Reforma agraria, conflictos por la tierra y cambios en el poblamiento: caso de estudio de la mesorregión de Presidente Prudente en el Estado de São Paulo (Brasil)
Authors: Antunes Maryna Vieira Martins , Esteban Rodríguez Samuel
Published: March 2021

En la actualidad, existen en Brasil procesos de creación de asentamientos rurales llevados a cabo por políticas gubernamentales. En este trabajo se analiza el impacto de estas políticas sobre el hábitat rural, tomando como caso de estudio la mesoregión de Presidente Prudente en São Paulo (Brasil). El trabajo realizado consiste en un análisis del poblamiento a escala municipal basado en el índice de Demangeon, un índice clásico para estudiar el tipo de hábitat. Las fuentes de datos son la Fundación del Instituto de Tierras de São Paulo y el Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística. En el trabajo se comparan dos escenarios: el primero analiza el poblamiento tomando como base las entidades preexistentes a la intervención del gobierno; el segundo analiza el poblamiento actual considerando los nuevos núcleos de población. Este análisis permite concluir que la intervención del gobierno ha aumentado la dispersión del poblamiento, especialmente en las áreas próximas a la frontera con los estados de Mato Grosso del Sur y Paraná; zonas de reforma agraria y dónde se mantienen conflictos por la titularidad de la tierra entre los latifundistas y el Movimiento de los Trabajadores Rurales Sin Tierra.
Imagined future teacher self at the point of entry to teacher education
Authors: Doró Katalin
Published: March 2021

TA growing body of literature has focused on teacher identity development, but very few of these target students at the beginning of their studies. This article discusses the future teacher selves that first-year undergraduates imagine for themselves before receiving any instruction on teaching-related subjects. Results suggest that students are, nevertheless, able to envisage a surprising variability and detail in their essays that underwent mix-method analysis. The most commonly occurring traits were grouped under five larger themes, focusing on personality and teacher self, teacher-student interaction, classroom teaching abilities, becoming members of a community of teachers, and altruistic goals. These teacher selves are mostly realistic and positive, with a clear understanding of the dynamism that teacher identity is formed as on ongoing process. It is argued that learning about freshly admitted students’ views related to teaching serves as valuable information to enhance pre-service teacher education programs.
Examples of cross-linguistic influence in learning German as a foreign language
Authors: Sadouki Fatiha
Published: March 2021

The present study sheds light on cross-linguistic influence and language transfer in third or additional language learning and explores the factors affecting the learning of third or additional language in a multilingual context. It aims at investigating the extent to which the typologically more similar language influences the language being learned. This study was carried out with the participation of 30 third-year students in the foreign languages stream at Al-Kawakibi Secondary School-Touggourt in Algeria. The participants had Arabic as L1, French as L2, English as L3 and they were learning L4 German. The instruments included two translation tasks and a paragraph writing in German, in addition to a questionnaire about learners' self-rated language proficiency of their non-native languages. The findings show that students tend to translate into the language which is typologically more similar to German, in this case English, that influences learning L4 German the most.
Efficacy of Dinoprostone Vaginal Pessary for Cervical Ripening and Induction of Labour
Authors: C Mamatha , M Sarmishta , M.G Dhanalakshmi
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND To evaluate the efficacy of dinoprostone vaginal pessary for cervical ripening and labour induction in term pregnant women. METHODS This was a prospective observational study conducted at Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research from September 2016 to September 2018. The study included pregnant women with singleton pregnancy and gestational age (GA) between 37 weeks and 41 weeks of gestation. The estimated sample size was 100. All 100 women were induced with dinoprostone vaginal pessary. RESULTS The average induction to active phase interval was 10 hours 58 minutes. About 60.3 % of primigravida had an active phase time interval of 12 hours 03 minutes; and 95.2 % of primigravida delivered < 24 hours with a mean induction to delivery time interval of 17 hours 36 minutes. 4 % of primigravida had failed induction. About 84.8 % of multigravida delivered with mean induction to active phase time interval of 08 hours 57 minutes and 100 % of multigravida delivered < 24 hours with a mean induction to delivery time interval of 12 hours 19 minutes. Out of 100 patients, 80 % of patients delivered by spontaneous vaginal delivery with episiotomy, 5 % of patients delivered by assisted vaginal delivery with episiotomy and 15 % of patients delivered by Caesarean section. Almost 97 % of multiparous women delivered vaginally. No adverse maternal and neonatal outcome was noted in the present study. CONCLUSIONS Dinoprostone vaginal pessary is highly effective in the induction of labour at term in properly selected cases. In terms of success and failure, dinoprostone vaginal pessary does not differ much from dinoprostone gel. KEY WORDS Labour Induction, Propess, Dinoprostone
Randomised Controlled Study to Evaluate the Outcomes between Rigid and Flexible Cystoscopy in Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Undergoing Diagnostic Cystoscopy
Authors: Sawant Gaurish , Lal Pawan , Yadav Jagdeep , Kumar Lovenish , Saini Rahul , Hameed Tariq , Maranna Haraesh , Bhatia Rahul
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Cystoscopy is a commonly performed routine outpatient procedure and an essential diagnostic tool in urology. It may be performed using either rigid or flexible cystoscopes. From the clinical perspective, it might appear that flexible cystoscopy causes less discomfort than rigid cystoscopy, but remarkably head-to- head comparisons of these two devices are sparse. We wanted to compare rigid cystoscopy with flexible cystoscopy in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), in terms of the post-procedure outcomes defined as discomfort / pain experienced by the patient using the visual analogue score (VAS) scoring and duration of the procedure. METHODS A total of 60 male patients with LUTS were randomised to flexible and rigid cystoscopy groups (N = 30 each group). Cystoscopy was done using appropriate rigid and flexible cystoscope. Post procedure, patient was assessed with VAS scaling for pain. The duration of the procedure and any post-procedure discomfort and complication were also noted. RESULTS The mean age of patients of flexible cystoscopy group was comparable to that of a rigid cystoscopy group (39.43 ± 11.45 vs. 41.7 ± 10.8, P = 0.433). The mean duration (minutes) for flexible cystoscopy was significantly less than that of rigid cystoscopy (8.53 ± 1.81 vs. 9.77 ± 2.14, P = 0.019). The mean VAS score for flexible cystoscopy was significantly less than that of rigid cystoscopy (2.57 ± 0.97 vs. 3.97 ± 1.1, P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference between groups in terms of diagnosis (P = 0.796). Post-procedure complications were also comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Flexible cystoscopy caused less pain and discomfort as compared to rigid cystoscopy. Duration of procedure was also less for the flexible cystoscope. KEY WORDS Cystoscopy, Flexible Cystoscopy, Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms, Pain, Rigid Cystoscopy
Appraising the Impact of Hand and Knee Osteoarthritis on the Domains of Quality of Life among the Diabetic Patients - An Observational Research
Authors: Gadapani Barsha Pathak , Manapurath Rukman M.
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Quality of life (QOL) measures have become a vital and frequently essential fragments to appraise health-care outcomes and is a powerful tool to determine the impact of healthcare as well as personal care for the population who are surviving with chronic diseases especially when ultimate cure for that specific disease is not conceived. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study where consecutive random sampling was utilised to select 258 diabetics from the general outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary care center and QOL was evaluated among the diabetics and diabetics with osteoarthritis (OA) using modified Flanagan’s QOL scale. RESULTS The mean QOL among diabetics was 88.28 (± 2.62), mean QOL among diabetics with OA (hand) was 87.26 (± 2.22), mean QOL among diabetics with OA (knee) was 85.37 (± 2.14), mean QOL among diabetics with OA (knee and hand) was 83 (± 2.33), mean QOL among diabetics with OA with radiological changes was 80.77 (± 2.9). CONCLUSIONS The presence of more than one chronic disease significantly deteriorates the QOL. The domains of QOL are further affected when the chronic disease progresses further. KEY WORDS Quality of Life (QOL), Diabetes, Osteoarthritis, Chronic Diseases
Porencephalic Cyst in an Adult - A Rare Pathology
Authors: Tapadia Shreya , Phatak Suresh Vasant , K.B Harshith Gowda , Pavanan Asish
Published: March 2021

Porencephalic cyst is a rare entity in adults with limited cases reported so far. It is usually congenital and seen in neonates. Here, we report a 25-year-old male who presented with post-ictal confusion following an episode of sudden onset of generalised tonic clonic seizure. He was diagnosed to have large cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) density cystic lesion in the right parieto-occipital region communicating with occipital horn on right side side of porencephaly. Porencephaly is an uncommon congenital disorder that occurs due to cystic degeneration and encephalomalacia leading to porencephalic cyst formation.1 They are considered to occur most commonly from focal encephalomalacia due to a localised cerebral insult during early gestation, 2 while the other aetiologies include trauma, infection, antenatal intraparenchymal haemorrhage and perinatal cerebral ischemia.3 If the insult occurs in late third trimester it can lead to gliosis. Porencephalic cysts are typically lined by white matter of brain parenchyma.2 They differ widely in their location and size while the clinical manifestations and presentations range from being asymptomatic to extremely impaired mental function. Generally, the signs and symptoms of porencephaly become apparent in the first year of life. The earliest manifestation being spasticity and seizures. As the age increases there is a delay in development of milestones presenting as language impairment, disability in intellect and motor deficits. Clinically head circumference measurement varies from being normal or small to an enlarged head in cases of synechiae formation that creates a one-way valve effect leading to progressive enlargement of the cyst and expansion of skull or there may be hydrocephalus.4 Radiologically the diagnosis depends on demonstrating a well-defined CSF-filled space occupying lesion lined by white matter and communicating with ventricles on computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain. The prognosis of porencephaly depends on the location and extent of the cyst.5 If the cyst is very large it can cause mass effect in the form of scalloping of adjacent bone, buckling of brain parenchyma, midline shift to contra lateral side and hydrocephalus. On MRI, brain cyst appears well defined and lined by white matter with or without gliosis. Cerebrospinal fluid is the content which is shown as hypointense on T1 and hyperintense on T2.
Elaboração e caracterização de leite de búfala fermentado com abacaxi em calda
Authors: Rodrigues Taís Helena Gouveia , Paraibano Állyda Suennya dos Santos , Dos Santos Luana Gabrielle Tavares , Pessoa Ricardo Alexandre Silva , Brito de Arruda Silvana Gonçalves
Published: March 2021

A bubalinocultura é uma atividade de inclinação crescente no Brasil, destacando o leite de búfala que difere dos demais leites por conter maiores teores de nutrientes dentre outros. O estudo objetivou desenvolver e analisar leites fermentados elaborados a partir do leite de búfala (LB) com a adição de abacaxi em calda, em diferentes proporções em relação ao leite de vaca (LV) (formulação P com 100% LV, F1 com 50% LB/50% LV, e F2 com 100% LB). As formulações foram submetidas a análises microbiológicas (coliformes a 45°C e Salmonella sp.), análises físico-químicas (pH, acidez em ácido lático, cinzas, gordura, proteínas, umidade e carboidratos por diferença) e análise sensorial por meio de testes afetivos com 120 indivíduos. As análises físico-químicas e sensoriais foram submetidas a análise de variância (ANOVA) seguida do teste de Tukey (p≤0,05). Todas as formulações estiveram dentro dos padrões microbiológicos exigidos pela legislação. Os valores de pH para todas as amostras variaram de 4,1 a 4,3 sem diferença de acidez. A F2 apresentou maior percentual de gordura e proteína. Para teor de cinzas e umidade não houve diferença entre as formulações e as formulações P e F1 apresentaram maior teor de carboidratos. A F2 apresentou bom índice de aceitabilidade para todos os atributos na análise sensorial, sendo a amostra preferida. O leite de búfala fermentado com a adição de abacaxi em calda torna-se uma alternativa viável de produto para a indústria láctea do ponto de vista sensorial/afetivo, nutricional e econômico.
A importância das bactérias láticas na segurança e qualidade dos queijos Minas artesanais
Authors: De Antônio Marina Barroso , Borelli Beatriz
Published: March 2021

O queijo Minas artesanal é um produto que possui aroma, textura e sabor únicos, além de sua produção fazer parte de toda uma tradição e cultura familiar. O leite cru, matéria prima para fabricação desse queijo, possui naturalmente microrganismos benéficos, conhecidos como bactérias ácido-láticas, responsáveis pelas características organolépticas e segurança microbiológica do queijo, uma vez que produzem diversas substâncias durante sua maturação, inclusive antimicrobianas, que podem ser antagonistas de patógenos. A seguinte revisão apresenta informações sobre a atividade antagonista das bactérias láticas e sua capacidade de garantir a segurança e qualidade do queijo artesanal.
Where Do Rankings Come From?
Authors: Ringel Leopold , Werron Tobias
Published: March 2021

Extant research tends to perceive rankings as a relatively new phenomenon. This chapter argues that rankings have a long history that we need to study if we want to explain the recent rise and the specific roles that they play in different societal fields. We start by defining rankings as modern practices of comparison that, by comparing performances quantitatively and publicly on a continual basis, contribute to the social construction of competitive fields. We particularly highlight what we call the performative dimension of modern rankings-that is, the fact that they visualize the results of comparisons and publish them on a regular basis. We use this concept as a heuristic tool to develop a sociological perspective on the historical trajectories of rankings in three fields: the arts, competitive sports, and science/universities. Our findings suggest that (1) the institutionalization of rankings can be traced back to a largely Anglo-American context in the mid-to-late nineteenth century when modern notions of performance, competition, and publicity/transparency created a favorable environment for their production and proliferation. They also indicate that (2) variation between the fields can be attributed to the degree to which these notions guide communication within these fields and to the different ways in which rankings have been institutionalized. This has led to a seamless integration in the case of sports and to constant debate and controversy in the other two fields.