bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Replacing Animal Protein with Plant Protein on Glycemic Control in Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Viguiliouk Effie , Stewart Sarah , Jayalath Viranda , Ng Alena , Mirrahimi Arash , De Souza Russell , Hanley Anthony , Bazinet Richard , Blanco Mejia Sonia , Leiter Lawrence , Josse Robert , Kendall Cyril , Jenkins David , Sievenpiper John
Published: December 2015

Previous research on the effect of replacing sources of animal protein with plant protein on glycemic control has been inconsistent. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effect of this replacement on glycemic control in individuals with diabetes. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases through 26 August 2015. We included RCTs ≥ 3-weeks comparing the effect of replacing animal with plant protein on HbA1c, fasting glucose (FG), and fasting insulin (FI). Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data, assessed study quality and risk of bias. Data were pooled by the generic inverse variance method and expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed (Cochran Q-statistic) and quantified (I2-statistic). Thirteen RCTs (n = 280) met the eligibility criteria. Diets emphasizing a replacement of animal with plant protein at a median level of ~35% of total protein per day significantly lowered HbA1c (MD = −0.15%; 95%-CI: −0.26, −0.05%), FG (MD = −0.53 mmol/L; 95%-CI: −0.92, −0.13 mmol/L) and FI (MD = −10.09 pmol/L; 95%-CI: −17.31, −2.86 pmol/L) compared with control arms. Overall, the results indicate that replacing sources of animal with plant protein leads to modest improvements in glycemic control in individuals with diabetes. Owing to uncertainties in our analyses there is a need for larger, longer, higher quality trials. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT02037321.
Assessment of the Contribution of BeiDou GEO, IGSO, and MEO Satellites to PPP in Asia—Pacific Region
Authors: Zhao Qile , Wang Chen , Guo Jing , Liu Xianglin
Published: December 2015

In contrast to the US Global Positioning System (GPS), the Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) and the European Galileo, the developing Chinese BeiDou satellite navigation system (BDS) consists of not only Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), but also Geostationary Orbit (GEO) as well as Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit (IGSO) satellites. In this study, the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) and PPP with Integer Ambiguity Resolution (IAR) are obtained. The contributions of these three different types of BDS satellites to PPP in Asia–Pacific region are assessed using data from selected 20 sites over more than four weeks. By using various PPP cases with different satellite combinations, in general, the largest contribution of BDS IGSO among the three kinds of BDS satellites to the reduction of convergence time and the improvement of positioning accuracy, particularly in the east direction, is identified. These PPP cases include static BDS only solutions and static/kinematic ambiguity-float and -fixed PPP with the combination of GPS and BDS. The statistical results demonstrate that the inclusion of BDS GEO and MEO satellites can improve the observation condition and result in better PPP performance as well. When combined with GPS, the contribution of BDS to the reduction of convergence time is, however, not as significant as that of GLONASS. As far as the positioning accuracy is concerned, GLONASS improves the accuracy in vertical component more than BDS does, whereas similar improvement in horizontal component can be achieved by inclusion of BDS IGSO and MEO as GLONASS.
Optimized Design of the SGA-WZ Strapdown Airborne Gravimeter Temperature Control System
Authors: Cao Juliang , Wang Minghao , Cai Shaokun , Zhang Kaidong , Cong Danni , Wu Meiping
Published: December 2015

The temperature control system is one of the most important subsystems of the strapdown airborne gravimeter. Because the quartz flexible accelerometer based on springy support technology is the core sensor in the strapdown airborne gravimeter and the magnet steel in the electromagnetic force equilibrium circuits of the quartz flexible accelerometer is greatly affected by temperature, in order to guarantee the temperature control precision and minimize the effect of temperature on the gravimeter, the SGA-WZ temperature control system adopts a three-level control method. Based on the design experience of the SGA-WZ-01, the SGA-WZ-02 temperature control system came out with a further optimized design. In 1st level temperature control, thermoelectric cooler is used to conquer temperature change caused by hot weather. The experiments show that the optimized stability of 1st level temperature control is about 0.1 °C and the max cool down capability is about 10 °C. The temperature field is analyzed in the 2nd and 3rd level temperature control using the finite element analysis software ANSYS. The 2nd and 3rd level temperature control optimization scheme is based on the foundation of heat analysis. The experimental results show that static accuracy of SGA-WZ-02 reaches 0.21 mGal/24 h, with internal accuracy being 0.743 mGal/4.8 km and external accuracy being 0.37 mGal/4.8 km compared with the result of the GT-2A, whose internal precision is superior to 1 mGal/4.8 km and all of them are better than those in SGA-WZ-01.
A Network Topology Control and Identity Authentication Protocol with Support for Movable Sensor Nodes
Authors: Zhang Ying , Chen Wei , Liang Jixing , Zheng Bingxin , Jiang Shengming
Published: December 2015

It is expected that in the near future wireless sensor network (WSNs) will be more widely used in the mobile environment, in applications such as Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) for marine monitoring and mobile robots for environmental investigation. The sensor nodes’ mobility can easily cause changes to the structure of a network topology, and lead to the decline in the amount of transmitted data, excessive energy consumption, and lack of security. To solve these problems, a kind of efficient Topology Control algorithm for node Mobility (TCM) is proposed. In the topology construction stage, an efficient clustering algorithm is adopted, which supports sensor node movement. It can ensure the balance of clustering, and reduce the energy consumption. In the topology maintenance stage, the digital signature authentication based on Error Correction Code (ECC) and the communication mechanism of soft handover are adopted. After verifying the legal identity of the mobile nodes, secure communications can be established, and this can increase the amount of data transmitted. Compared to some existing schemes, the proposed scheme has significant advantages regarding network topology stability, amounts of data transferred, lifetime and safety performance of the network.
Microfluidics Integrated Biosensors: A Leading Technology towards Lab-on-a-Chip and Sensing Applications
Authors: Luka George , Ahmadi Ali , Najjaran Homayoun , Alocilja Evangelyn , DeRosa Maria , Wolthers Kirsten , Malki Ahmed , Aziz Hassan , Althani Asmaa , Hoorfar Mina
Published: December 2015

A biosensor can be defined as a compact analytical device or unit incorporating a biological or biologically derived sensitive recognition element immobilized on a physicochemical transducer to measure one or more analytes. Microfluidic systems, on the other hand, provide throughput processing, enhance transport for controlling the flow conditions, increase the mixing rate of different reagents, reduce sample and reagents volume (down to nanoliter), increase sensitivity of detection, and utilize the same platform for both sample preparation and detection. In view of these advantages, the integration of microfluidic and biosensor technologies provides the ability to merge chemical and biological components into a single platform and offers new opportunities for future biosensing applications including portability, disposability, real-time detection, unprecedented accuracies, and simultaneous analysis of different analytes in a single device. This review aims at representing advances and achievements in the field of microfluidic-based biosensing. The review also presents examples extracted from the literature to demonstrate the advantages of merging microfluidic and biosensing technologies and illustrate the versatility that such integration promises in the future biosensing for emerging areas of biological engineering, biomedical studies, point-of-care diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and precision agriculture.
Node Non-Uniform Deployment Based on Clustering Algorithm for Underwater Sensor Networks
Authors: Jiang Peng , Liu Jun , Wu Feng
Published: December 2015

A node non-uniform deployment based on clustering algorithm for underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) is proposed in this study. This algorithm is proposed because optimizing network connectivity rate and network lifetime is difficult for the existing node non-uniform deployment algorithms under the premise of improving the network coverage rate for UWSNs. A high network connectivity rate is achieved by determining the heterogeneous communication ranges of nodes during node clustering. Moreover, the concept of aggregate contribution degree is defined, and the nodes with lower aggregate contribution degrees are used to substitute the dying nodes to decrease the total movement distance of nodes and prolong the network lifetime. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve a better network coverage rate and network connectivity rate, as well as decrease the total movement distance of nodes and prolong the network lifetime.
Interaction of Citrinin with Human Serum Albumin
Authors: Poór Miklós , Lemli Beáta , Bálint Mónika , Hetényi Csaba , Sali Nikolett , Kőszegi Tamás , Kunsági-Máté Sándor
Published: December 2015

Citrinin (CIT) is a mycotoxin produced by several Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Monascus species. CIT occurs worldwide in different foods and drinks and causes health problems for humans and animals. Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant plasma protein in human circulation. Albumin forms stable complexes with many drugs and xenobiotics; therefore, HSA commonly plays important role in the pharmacokinetics or toxicokinetics of numerous compounds. However, the interaction of CIT with HSA is poorly characterized yet. In this study, the complex formation of CIT with HSA was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and ultrafiltration techniques. For the deeper understanding of the interaction, thermodynamic, and molecular modeling studies were performed as well. Our results suggest that CIT forms stable complex with HSA (logK ~ 5.3) and its primary binding site is located in subdomain IIA (Sudlow’s Site I). In vitro cell experiments also recommend that CIT-HSA interaction may have biological relevance. Finally, the complex formations of CIT with bovine, porcine, and rat serum albumin were investigated, in order to test the potential species differences of CIT-albumin interactions.
Rapid Construction of Stable Infectious Full-Length cDNA Clone of Papaya Leaf Distortion Mosaic Virus Using In-Fusion Cloning
Authors: Tuo Decai , Shen Wentao , Yan Pu , Li Xiaoying , Zhou Peng
Published: December 2015

Papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus (PLDMV) is becoming a threat to papaya and transgenic papaya resistant to the related pathogen, papaya ringspot virus (PRSV). The generation of infectious viral clones is an essential step for reverse-genetics studies of viral gene function and cross-protection. In this study, a sequence- and ligation-independent cloning system, the In-Fusion® Cloning Kit (Clontech, Mountain View, CA, USA), was used to construct intron-less or intron-containing full-length cDNA clones of the isolate PLDMV-DF, with the simultaneous scarless assembly of multiple viral and intron fragments into a plasmid vector in a single reaction. The intron-containing full-length cDNA clone of PLDMV-DF was stably propagated in Escherichia coli. In vitro intron-containing transcripts were processed and spliced into biologically active intron-less transcripts following mechanical inoculation and then initiated systemic infections in Carica papaya L. seedlings, which developed similar symptoms to those caused by the wild-type virus. However, no infectivity was detected when the plants were inoculated with RNA transcripts from the intron-less construct because the instability of the viral cDNA clone in bacterial cells caused a non-sense or deletion mutation of the genomic sequence of PLDMV-DF. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the construction of an infectious full-length cDNA clone of PLDMV and the splicing of intron-containing transcripts following mechanical inoculation. In-Fusion cloning shortens the construction time from months to days. Therefore, it is a faster, more flexible, and more efficient method than the traditional multistep restriction enzyme-mediated subcloning procedure.
Potential for Improving Potency and Specificity of Reovirus Oncolysis with Next-Generation Reovirus Variants
Authors: Mohamed Adil , Johnston Randal , Shmulevitz Maya
Published: December 2015

Viruses that specifically replicate in tumor over normal cells offer promising cancer therapies. Oncolytic viruses (OV) not only kill the tumor cells directly; they also promote anti-tumor immunotherapeutic responses. Other major advantages of OVs are that they dose-escalate in tumors and can be genetically engineered to enhance potency and specificity. Unmodified wild type reovirus is a propitious OV currently in phase I–III clinical trials. This review summarizes modifications to reovirus that may improve potency and/or specificity during oncolysis. Classical genetics approaches have revealed reovirus variants with improved adaptation towards tumors or with enhanced ability to establish specific steps of virus replication and cell killing among transformed cells. The recent emergence of a reverse genetics system for reovirus has provided novel strategies to fine-tune reovirus proteins or introduce exogenous genes that could promote oncolytic activity. Over the next decade, these findings are likely to generate better-optimized second-generation reovirus vectors and improve the efficacy of oncolytic reotherapy.
Stressors and Strategies for Managing Urban Water Scarcity: Perspectives from the Field
Authors: Shandas Vivek , Lehman Rosa , Larson Kelli , Bunn Jeremy , Chang Heejun
Published: December 2015

Largely because water resource planning in the U.S. has been separated from land-use planning, opportunities for explicitly linking planning policies to water availability remain unexamined. The pressing need for better coordination between land-use planning and water management is amplified by changes in the global climate, which will place even greater importance on managing water supplies and demands than in the past. By surveying land and water managers in two urbanizing regions of the western United States—Portland, Oregon and Phoenix Arizona—we assessed the extent to which their perspectives regarding municipal water resource management align or differ. We specifically focus on characterizing how they perceive water scarcity problems (i.e., stressors) and solutions (i.e., strategies). Overall, the results show a general agreement across both regions and professions that long-term drought, population growth, and outdoor water use are the most important stressors to urban water systems. The results of the survey indicated more agreement across cities than across professions with regard to effective strategies, reinforcing the idea that land-use planners and water managers remain divided in their conception of the solutions to urban water management. To conclude, we recommend potential pathways for coordinating the fields of land and water management for urban sustainability.
L'apport de l'étude des vestiges animaux à la reconstitution archéologique : une introduction à l'archéozoologie.
Authors: Gautier Achilles
Published: December 2015

L'étude des restes et des traces d'animaux dans les sites archéologiques constitue le domaine de recherche de l'archéozoologie. Bien que les premières analyses archéozoologiques datent du siècle précédent, le nom de la discipline est encore contesté. L'archéozoologie ne fournit pas seulement des informations générales concernant la paléoécologie et la paléoéconomie, mais contribue aussi à notre compréhension de la genèse des sites, de leur occupation saisonnière et de leur datation, des rites, des échanges avec d'autres régions, de la domestication des animaux etc. L'article attire l'attention sur deux problèmes fondamentaux : l'échantillonnage souvent défectueux ainsi que le grand nombre de méthodes de quantification utilisées. Enfin, les données de base de l'archéozoologie étant très incomplètes par rapport à la réalité, nos reconstitutions des relations entre l'homme et le monde animal seront nécessairement toujours incomplètes et relatives. Elles doivent d'ailleurs se baser essentiellement sur la comparaison d'assemblages de faunes de situations archéologiques aussi diverses que possible.
Un anneau sigillaire mérovingien.
Authors: Roosens Héli , Geubel Arsène
Published: December 2015

Een onlangs in België gevonden gouden ring vertoont de eigenschappen van een zegelring die kan toegeschreven worden aan Clovis II (639-657). Het juweel weegt 7,4 gr. in fijn goud van 24 karaat.

De ring heeft een binnendiameter van 1,7 à 1,8 cm en is versierd met 2 ringplaatjes, het ene cirkelvormig en beweeglijk, het tweede vastgezet. De rand neemt de vorm aan van twee paar dierenhoofden.

Het vaste ringplaatje draagt een opschrift dat ietwat uitspringt ; dit is ook het geval voor de twee zijvakken.

Het beweeglijke ringplaatje is aan de voorkant versierd met een buste met letters vôôr en een kruis achter het hoofd ; aan de achterkant is een monogram gegraveerd. Clovis II is begraven geworden in St. Denis.
Antiquités africaines dans les collections du Nord, IV : CIL. VIII 26783
Authors: Hanoune Roger
Published: December 2015

Studie van een grafaltaar uit Dougga (Tunesië), zijn opschrift CIL VIII 26783, maar vooral zijn versiering die een waterpas van een metselaar voorstelt (libella) : filosofische betekenis (gelijkheid voor de dood), religieus symbool of meer waarschijnlijk teken van rituele gelijkvormigheid van het graf.

Jean-Louis Podvin, Egyptische en egyptisch-aandoende voorwerpen gevonden in le Noord en Pas-de-Calais.
Objets égyptiens et égyptisants trouvés dans le Nord et le Pas-de-Calais.
Authors: Podvin Jean-Louis
Published: December 2015

Les cultes orientaux ne sont pas absents du Nord/Pas-de-Calais. Une première analyse permet de recenser une vingtaine à' Aegyptiaca (objets égyptiens et égyptisants) exhumés dans les deux départements. D'après le catalogue et la carte, on remarque une concentration autour de Bavay, de Lens/Noyelles-Godault et d'Etaples. Ces bronzes concernent la triade osirienne (Osiris, Isis, Harpocrate), mais aussi Anubis, Apis, Jupiter-Ammon ; d'autres objets sont en terre cuite (shaouabti, scarabées, un Harpocrate). De style égyptien ou alexandrin, leur enfouissement oscille entre le milieu du Ie siècle et le milieu du IIIe siècle.
L'association catholique de la jeunesse académique «Odrodzenie» (La Renaissance). Aperçu historique
Authors: Przeciszetvski Marcin
Published: December 2015

De Poolse katholieke studentenvereniging «de Renaissance» -erfgename van verschillende vooroorlogse geheime verenigingen, en van het maandblad «de Stroom» werd gesticht in 1919 en heeft in 1922 kringen in Warschau, Lublin, Poznan, Krakau, Lwow, Wilno en Parijs. Men heeft drie objectieven : eerste een intellectuele activiteit in de lijn van het neothomisme, ten tweede een sociale actie en reflectie die past bij de kerkelijke leer, met de hulp van sociale weken, en ten derde een geesreiijke verdieping met nadruk op de hernieuwing van de liturgie. De christelijkt vereniging van jonge arbeiders, opgericht in 1926, bestaat uit kringen die werken volgens de methoden van «Renaissance». Sedert 1922 is Renaissance lid van de «Pax Romana» en oefent een grote invloed uitop de slavische studenten in de buurlanden, tijdens internationale bijeenkomsten en ook via publikaties. De kring wil niet nationalistisch zijn, en verwerpt ook het communisme en het fascisme. Men zoekt een christelijke cultuur voor morgen en komt in de ban van de gedachten van Jacques Maritain. «Renaissance» blijft als elitebeweging aan de rand van de katholieke actie en organiseert geen bedevaarten naar Crestochowa, maar er worden grote persoonlijkheden gevormd waarbij de toekomstige kardinaal Stefan Wyszynski.
La genèse des petites villes du bassin minier du Valenciennois au XVIIIe siècle. Contribution à l'étude des effets démographiques du développement des charbonnages.
Authors: Guignet Philippe
Published: December 2015

The author describes and accounts for the birth of mushroom villages in the Valenciennes coal-mining basin (Anzin, Fresnes, Vieux-Condé). It tracks the demographic shock wave wich, with the burgeoning extracting industry working as a catalyst, upsets the neighbouring rural communities. If the Valenciennes area meets its first needs in coal working population out of the «provinces/belgiques», the local environment, supported by a substantial excess of births over deaths is quick to respond to the Compagnie d'Anzin's job offers. Yet one shouldn't overrate the hyperfertility, however real, of the young coal-working proletariat in comparison with the rest of the region's working classes. The demographic behaviour of coal-miners stands out particularly because of the early marriage age and the high occurence of prénuptial conceptions.
Size-controlled and redox-responsive supramolecular nanoparticles
Authors: Mejia-Ariza Raquel , Kronig Gavin A , Huskens Jurriaan
Published: December 2015

Control over the assembly and disassembly of nanoparticles is pivotal for their use as drug delivery vehicles. Here, we aim to form supramolecular nanoparticles (SNPs) by combining advantages of the reversible assembly properties of SNPs using host–guest interactions and of a stimulus-responsive moiety. The SNPs are composed of a core of positively charged poly(ethylene imine) grafted with β-cyclodextrin (CD) and a positively charged ferrocene (Fc)-terminated poly(amidoamine) dendrimer, with a monovalent stabilizer at the surface. Fc was chosen for its loss of CD-binding properties when oxidizing it to the ferrocenium cation. The ionic strength was shown to play an important role in controlling the aggregate growth. The attractive supramolecular and repulsive electrostatic interactions constitute a balance of forces in this system at low ionic strengths. At higher ionic strengths, the increased charge screening led to a loss of electrostatic repulsion and therefore to faster aggregate growth. A Job plot showed that a 1:1 stoichiometry of host and guest moieties gave the most efficient aggregate growth. Different stabilizers were used to find the optimal stopper to limit the growth. A weaker guest moiety was shown to be less efficient in stabilizing the SNPs. Also steric repulsion is important for achieving SNP stability. SNPs of controlled particle size and good stability (up to seven days) were prepared by fine-tuning the ratio of multivalent and monovalent interactions. Finally, reversibility of the SNPs was confirmed by oxidizing the Fc guest moieties in the core of the SNPs.
Test-retest Reliability and Correlations of 5 Global Measures Addressing At-work Productivity Loss in Patients with Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Leggett Sarah , van der Zee-Neuen Antje , Boonen Annelies , Beaton Dorcas E. , Bojinca Mihai , Bosworth Ailsa , Dadoun Sabrina , Fautrel Bruno , Hagel Sofia , Hofstetter Catherine , Lacaille Diane , Linton Denise , Mihai Carina , Petersson Ingemar F. , Rogers Pam , Sergeant Jamie C. , Sciré Carlo , Verstappen Suzanne M.M. ,   on behalf of the At-work Productivity Global Measure Working Group
Published: December 2015

Objective.

Several global measures to assess at-work productivity loss or presenteeism in patients with rheumatic diseases have been proposed, but the comparative validity is hampered by the lack of data on test-retest reliability and comparative concurrent and construct validity. Our objective was to test-retest 5 global measures of presenteeism and to compare the association between these scales and health-related well-being.

Methods.

Sixty-five participants with inflammatory arthritis or osteoarthritis in paid employment were recruited from 7 countries (UK, Canada, Netherlands, France, Sweden, Romania, and Italy). At baseline and 2 weeks later, 5 global measures of presenteeism were evaluated: the Work Productivity Scale–Rheumatoid Arthritis (WPS-RA), Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire (WPAI), Work Ability Index (WAI), Quality and Quantity questionnaire (QQ), and the WHO Health and Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). Agreement between the 2 timepoints was assessed using single-measure intraclass correlations (ICC) and correlated between each other and with visual analog scale general well-being scores at followup by Spearman correlation.

Results.

ICC between measures ranged from fair (HPQ 0.59) to excellent (WPS-RA 0.78). Spearman correlations between measures were moderate (Qquality vs WAI, r = 0.51) to strong (WPS-RA vs WPAI, r = 0.88). Correlations between measures and general well-being were low to moderate, ranging from −0.44 ≤ r ≤ 0.66.

Conclusion.

Test-retest results of 4 out of 5 global measures were good, and the correlations between these were moderate. The latter probably reflect differences in the concepts, recall periods, and references used in the measures, which implies that some measures are probably not interchangeable.
Development of a Prediction Model to Estimate the Risk of Walking Limitations in Patients with Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Pua Yong-Hao , Seah Felicia Jie-Ting , Clark Ross Allan , Poon Cheryl Lian-Li , Tan John Wei-Ming , Chong Hwei-Chi
Published: December 2015

Objective.

Early and accurate risk prediction of walking limitations after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is important for clinical and economic reasons. However, to our knowledge, no studies have systematically integrated multiple predictors into a single, clinically practical model. Our study aimed to develop a prediction model to estimate the risk of post-TKA walking limitations.

Methods.

We performed a prospective cohort study of 1096 patients who underwent elective, primary TKA between July 2013 and September 2014. Candidate predictors included patient demographics, surgical factors, and pre- and early (1-mo) post-TKA functional measures. The outcome of interest was self-reported walking limitations at 6 months of post-TKA. We used multivariable proportional odds regression with bootstrap internal validation to develop the model.

Results.

In all, 12% of patients reported walking limitations (maximum walk time ≤ 15 min) at 6 months postsurgery. The main predictors of increasing levels of walking limitations were preoperative walking limitations (overall p < 0.001), higher levels of body mass index [interquartile range (IQR)-OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2–1.5], lower values of 1-month post-TKA gait speed (IQR-OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3–2.6), the presence of contralateral knee pain (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–3.0), and the use of a quadstick preoperatively (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.7–7.3). The prediction model had an optimism-corrected concordance index of 0.71.

Conclusion.

A small but sizable proportion of patients with TKA had persistent mobility limitations. Our prediction model may help to risk-stratify patients, and external validation is required before the model can be used in clinical practice.
Utilisation identitaire des dispositifs de contrôle par les membres d’un groupe professionnel : le cas des acheteurs
Authors: Sebti Hicham , Gérard Benoît , Perray-Redslob Ludivine
Published: December 2015

Ce travail se propose de revisiter la recherche sur l’utilisation des dispositifs de contrôle dans les luttes entre professions en s’appuyant sur la théorie de l’identité sociale (Tajfel et Turner 1979, 1986). À l’aide de cette lecture identitaire des conflits intergroupes et d’une étude qualitative de terrain menée auprès d’acheteurs, ce travail met en valeur de nouvelles manières d’utiliser les dispositifs de contrôle dans les luttes entre professions. Il souligne notamment que l’utilisation des outils de contrôle dans les luttes interprofessionnelles ne se cantonne pas à l’insertion de nouveaux outils ou l’extension de dispositifs existants – qui modifient les pratiques organisationnelles – mais peut également revêtir des formes cognitive et sociocognitive – qui ne modifient pas les pratiques organisationnelles.
L’institutionnalisation de la recherche comptable et de l’AFC en France : un processus fragile
Authors: Bessire Dominique , Levant Yves , Nikitin Marc
Published: December 2015

Cet article tente d’éclairer le processus d’institutionnalisation de la recherche comptable et de l’AFC en France, en mettant au jour l’histoire de l’Association Francophone de Comptabilité (AFC). Nous tentons de comprendre comment s’est progressivement constitué un embryon de communauté scientifique, comment cette communauté s’est développée et structurée, mais aussi quelles sont les menaces qui pèsent sur elle aujourd’hui, alors que la reconnaissance de la part de l’ensemble de la communauté scientifique en sciences sociales est encore loin d’être acquise. Nous empruntons, pour ce faire, des éléments tirés des théories néo-institutionnelles. La méthode employée consiste en une analyse critique des sources disponibles : témoignages d’anciens dirigeants, actes des congrès, lettres de l’AFC, archives diverses.
“Je vais et je viens entre terrains” Réflexions sur le terrain dans la théorisation sociolinguistique
Authors: Gasquet-Cyrus Médéric
Published: December 2015

Souvent déconsidérée pour sa supposée faiblesse théorique, la sociolinguistique est plus qu’une linguistique de terrain centrée sur la collecte de données « authentiques ». Ce texte défend l’idée que l’empirisme fondamental de la sociolinguistique lui permet de générer des constructions théoriques issues du terrain lui-même. Chaque terrain, inscrit dans des réalités locales et historiques spécifiques, nécessite un investissement et une implication du chercheur lequel rend compte, de son point de vue, des pratiques langagières situées des locuteurs. La fréquentation de différents terrains permet du recul par rapport aux théories homogénéisantes qui simplifient des situations a priori similaires pourtant fort éloignées. C’est au cœur même du terrain que se façonnent les objets et les théories destinées à les appréhender, faisant de la sociolinguistique une autre façon de faire de la linguistique.
L’ethnographie comme méthode d’enquête sociolinguistique : « faire preuve » à partir d’un cas singulier ?
Authors: Hambye Philippe
Published: December 2015

Cet article interroge la façon dont une enquête ethnographique (en sociolinguistique) peut contribuer au travail théorique à visée généralisante malgré la singularité assumée de ses données d’observation. Partant de la réflexion épistémologique de Passeron (2006) sur la singularité irréductible des faits sociaux qui envisage les sciences de l’homme et de la société comme des « sciences historiques », l’auteur illustre la façon dont sa recherche ethnographique auprès d’adolescents en milieu scolaire permet de monter en généralité et peut être mobilisée pour discuter de la pertinence d’un concept – celui de crossing (Rampton 2005) – régulièrement utilisé dans les travaux sur les « parlers jeunes ».
De l’« anomie » contemporaine : ordre social et nouvelle morale sexuelle
Authors: Bergami G. Barbosa Pablo
Published: December 2015

Le présent article explore la notion d’une « anomie postmoderne » comme caractéristique des sociétés contemporaines. Cette notion se manifeste dans la théorie psychanalytique de la culture à travers l’idée de la « disparition du grand Autre », qui fait ici l’objet d’une critique focalisée sur la « morale sexuelle contemporaine ». L’auteur met en évidence que cette dernière se caractérise effectivement par une certaine libéralisation des mœurs, mais qu’elle n’engendre pas un dérèglement de la vie sexuelle. Une morale sexuelle basée sur des prescriptions positives (en opposition aux interdits du passé) garantit toujours un ordonnancement de la psychosexualité. Cette nouvelle morale sexuelle témoigne également de la pérennité des concepts freudiens fondamentaux pour penser les racines pulsionnelles de l’organisation sociale.
Ordre et arrogance dans la tragédie Les Bacchantes d’Euripide
Authors: Drossart Francis
Published: December 2015

La tragédie des Bacchantes d’Euripide , à travers le personnage de Penthée , ce roi puritain et obsessionnel qui refuse de célébrer le culte de Dionysos, illustre les méfaits de l’arrogance, celle-ci s’abritant sous le couvert du maintien de l’ordre. Forme particulière de cette Hubris particulièrement redoutée des Grecs, l’arrogance du personnage repose sur un déni omnipotent des forces pulsionnelles, qui se présentent à lui sous la forme du dionysiaque.
Les désordres de l’organisation
Authors: Potier Elwis
Published: December 2015

Le psychosociologue intervenant dans les structures du champ médico-social peut observer les effets d’une forme de « surorganisation » qui affecte les institutions comme les sujets qui y vivent et les font vivre. Après avoir relever certains signes cliniques qui permettent d’en comprendre les manifestations dans l’intervention, la description d’une séance d’analyse de pratiques de professionnels exerçant dans un dispositif d’AEMO renforcée entraîne une interprétation des réactions groupales suscitées par l’évocation de l’abus d’un enfant à partir de la notion de porte-parole de Piera Aulagnier. L’idéal du nous porteur des fonctions symboliques du collectif paraît alors reposer sur l’ambivalence vis-à-vis de l’organisation.
El hastial sur de la catedral de León: patología existente derivada de la utilización de azufre en el retacado de grapas y tochos en las obras de restauración realizadas en el siglo XIX
Authors: Diez García-Olalla J.
Published: December 2015

Durante las restauraciones efectuadas en el siglo xix en la catedral de León, los arquitectos restauradores Juan de Madrazo y Demetrio de los Ríos propusieron en sus proyectos el empleo de azufre líquido para retacar los tochos y engrapados de hierro o bronce que enlazaban los elementos de remate y los sólidos de las fábricas. Esta solución, no utilizada con anterioridad, ha dado lugar a la aparición hoy en día de una importante patología en el hastial sur: la fractura de un gran número de sillares y el desprendimiento parcial de éstos, cayendo al atrio del templo con el consecuente peligro. Este trabajo es una contribución inédita que reviste gran importancia porque, según el contenido de los proyectos de ambos arquitectos, esta práctica se extendió a más partes del monumento, por lo que esta patología localizada es previsible que se manifieste en otras zonas del mismo con el consecuente riesgo.
Different distributions of contrastive vowel nasalization in Basque
Authors: Egurtzegi Ander
Published: December 2015

Contrastive vowel nasalization is usually a consequence of the reinterpretation of the phonetic nasalization of a vowel due to coarticulation with an adjacent nasal consonant as originating in the vowel itself. Basque developed contrastive vowel nasalization after the loss of the nasalized laryngeal /?./ (from older intervocalic *n). This loss did not occur under the same circumstances in all dialects, and thus yielded different distributions of contrastive nasalization. This paper discusses the development of two different patterns of contrastive vowel nasalization, namely those of Zuberoan and Roncalese dialects.

While modern Zuberoan shows contrastive vowel nasalization only in the last syllable, the now extinct Roncalese dialect had phonologically nasalized vowels in any syllable of the word. In addition, these two dialects possessed different nasalized vowel inventories. Other Basque dialects with attested contrastive vowel nasalization, such as Old Bizkaian, are discussed as well.

Although the presence of contrastive vowel nasalization in Basque is known in the literature (see Hualde, 1993, and Michelena, 1977/2011, for Zuberoan; and Michelena, 1954/2011, for Roncalese), this paper presents new analyses of vowel nasalization of two neighboring dialects of Basque, Zuberoan and Roncalese.
Prone Positioning of Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Drahnak Dawn M. , Custer Nicole
Published: December 2015

Effectively treating critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a challenge for many intensive care nurses. Multiple disease processes and injuries contribute to the complexity of ARDS and often complicate therapy. As a means of supportive care for ARDS, practitioners resort to rescue therapies to improve oxygenation and salvage the patient. The pathophysiology of ARDS and the use of prone positioning to improve pulmonary ventilation and oxygenation in ARDS patients are described. Educating nursing and medical staff on the use of prone positioning allows ease of patient placement with an emphasis on safety of both patients and staff. Scrupulous assessment of patients coupled with judicious timing of prone positioning expedites weaning from ventilatory support and contributes to positive outcomes for patients.
IgG-Immune Complexes Promote B Cell Memory by Inducing BAFF
Authors: Kang SunAh , Keener Amanda B. , Jones Shannon Z. , Benschop Robert J. , Caro-Maldonado Alfredo , Rathmell Jeffrey C. , Clarke Stephen H. , Matsushima Glenn K. , Whitmire Jason K. , Vilen Barbara J.
Published: December 2015

Memory B cell responses are vital for protection against infections but must also be regulated to prevent autoimmunity. Cognate T cell help, somatic hypermutation, and affinity maturation within germinal centers (GCs) are required for high-affinity memory B cell formation; however, the signals that commit GC B cells to the memory pool remain unclear. In this study, we identify a role for IgG-immune complexes (ICs), FcγRs, and BAFF during the formation of memory B cells in mice. We found that early secretion of IgG in response to immunization with a T-dependent Ag leads to IC–FcγR interactions that induce dendritic cells to secrete BAFF, which acts at or upstream of Bcl-6 in activated B cells. Loss of CD16, hematopoietic cell–derived BAFF, or blocking IC:FcγR regions in vivo diminished the expression of Bcl-6, the frequency of GC and memory B cells, and secondary Ab responses. BAFF also contributed to the maintenance and/or expansion of the follicular helper T cell population, although it was dispensable for their formation. Thus, early Ab responses contribute to the optimal formation of B cell memory through IgG-ICs and BAFF. Our work defines a new role for FcγRs in GC and memory B cell responses.
Host Foxp3+CD4+ Regulatory T Cells Act as a Negative Regulator of Dendritic Cells in the Peritransplantation Period
Authors: Inoue Takayuki , Ikegame Kazuhiro , Kaida Katsuji , Okada Masaya , Yoshihara Satoshi , Tamaki Hiroya , Fujimori Yoshihiro , Soma Toshihiro , Ogawa Hiroyasu
Published: December 2015

Host Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been shown to suppress graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in experimental bone marrow transplantation (BMT) models; however, the detailed mechanism is unknown. To address this issue, we established a murine MHC-haploidentical BMT model (BDF1 (H-2b/d) → B6C3F1 (H-2b/k)), in which transplantation following conditioning with high-dose (13 Gy) or low-dose (5 Gy) total body irradiation corresponds to myeloablative stem cell transplantation (MAST) or reduced-intensity stem cell transplantation (RIST) BMT. All MAST recipients died of GVHD within 70 d, whereas RIST recipients developed almost no GVHD and survived for at least 3 mo. In this BMT model, we investigated the kinetics of immune cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes because GVHD was most prominent in the intestines. Host Tregs that survived after total body irradiation could proliferate transiently by day 4. Comparing the kinetics of immune cells among MAST, RIST, and anti-CD25 mAb-treated RIST, we found that the transiently surviving host Tregs were fully functional, closely contacted with host dendritic cells (DCs), and significantly restrained the maturation (CD80 and CD86 expression) of DCs in a dose-dependent manner. There was a positive correlation between the ratio of DCs to host Tregs and the extent of maturation of DCs. Host Tregs suppressed alloresponse mainly by contact inhibition. Host Tregs are already active in lymph nodes before transplantation and restrain the maturation of host DCs, thereby dampening the ability of DCs to activate allogeneic donor T cells and consequently reducing the magnitude of graft-versus-host reaction. Thus, host Tregs are negative regulators of host DCs that act in the peritransplantation period.
Type I IFN Contributes to the Phenotype of Unc93b1D34A/D34A Mice by Regulating TLR7 Expression in B Cells and Dendritic Cells
Authors: Fukui Ryutaro , Kanno Atsuo , Miyake Kensuke
Published: December 2015

TLR7 recognizes pathogen-derived and self-derived RNA, and thus a regulatory system for control of the TLR7 response is required to avoid excessive activation. Unc93 homolog B1 (Unc93B1) is a regulator of TLR7 that controls the TLR7 response by transporting TLR7 from the endoplasmic reticulum to endolysosomes. We have previously shown that a D34A mutation in Unc93B1 induces hyperactivation of TLR7, and that Unc93b1D34A/D34A mice (D34A mice) have systemic inflammation spontaneously. In this study, we examined the roles of inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-17A, and type I IFNs to understand the mechanism underlying the phenotype in D34A mice. mRNAs for IFN-γ and IL-I7A in CD4+ T cells increased, but inflammatory phenotype manifesting as thrombocytopenia and splenomegaly was still observed in Ifng−/− or Il17a−/− D34A mice. In contrast to T cell–derived cytokines, Ifnar1−/− D34A mice showed an ameliorated phenotype with lower expression of TLR7 in B cells and conventional dendritic cells (cDCs). The amount of TLR7 decreased in B cells from Ifnar1−/− D34A mice, but the percentage of TLR7+ cells decreased among CD8α− cDCs. In conclusion, type I IFNs maintain expression of TLR7 in B cells and cDCs in different ways; total amount of TLR7 is kept in B cells and TLR7+ population is retained among cDCs. Our results suggested that these TLR7-expressing cells are activated initially and influence TLR7-dependent systemic inflammation.
GIMAP1 Is Essential for the Survival of Naive and Activated B Cells In Vivo
Authors: Webb Louise M. C. , Datta Preeta , Bell Sarah E. , Kitamura Daisuke , Turner Martin , Butcher Geoffrey W.
Published: December 2015

An effective immune system depends upon regulation of lymphocyte function and homeostasis. In recent years, members of the GTPases of the immunity associated protein (GIMAP) family were proposed to regulate T cell homeostasis. In contrast, little is known about their function and mode of action in B cells. We used a combination of transgenic mice and in vivo and in vitro techniques to conditionally and electively ablate GIMAP1 in resting and activated peripheral B cells. Our data suggest that GIMAP1 is absolutely essential for the survival of peripheral B cells, irrespective of their activation state. Together with recent data showing increased expression of GIMAP1 in B cell lymphomas, our work points to the possible potential of GIMAP1 as a target for manipulation in a variety of B cell–mediated diseases.
The Immune-Metabolic Basis of Effector Memory CD4+ T Cell Function under Hypoxic Conditions
Authors: Dimeloe Sarah , Mehling Matthias , Frick Corina , Loeliger Jordan , Bantug Glenn R. , Sauder Ursula , Fischer Marco , Belle Réka , Develioglu Leyla , Tay Savaş , Langenkamp Anja , Hess Christoph
Published: December 2015

Effector memory (EM) CD4+ T cells recirculate between normoxic blood and hypoxic tissues to screen for cognate Ag. How mitochondria of these cells, shuttling between normoxia and hypoxia, maintain bioenergetic efficiency and stably uphold antiapoptotic features is unknown. In this study, we found that human EM CD4+ T cells had greater spare respiratory capacity (SRC) than did naive counterparts, which was immediately accessed under hypoxia. Consequently, hypoxic EM cells maintained ATP levels, survived and migrated better than did hypoxic naive cells, and hypoxia did not impair their capacity to produce IFN-γ. EM CD4+ T cells also had more abundant cytosolic GAPDH and increased glycolytic reserve. In contrast to SRC, glycolytic reserve was not tapped under hypoxic conditions, and, under hypoxia, glucose metabolism contributed similarly to ATP production in naive and EM cells. However, both under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, glucose was critical for EM CD4+ T cell survival. Mechanistically, in the absence of glycolysis, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) of EM cells declined and intrinsic apoptosis was triggered. Restoring pyruvate levels, the end product of glycolysis, preserved ΔΨm and prevented apoptosis. Furthermore, reconstitution of reactive oxygen species (ROS), whose production depends on ΔΨm, also rescued viability, whereas scavenging mitochondrial ROS exacerbated apoptosis. Rapid access of SRC in hypoxia, linked with built-in, oxygen-resistant glycolytic reserve that functionally insulates ΔΨm and mitochondrial ROS production from oxygen tension changes, provides an immune-metabolic basis supporting survival, migration, and function of EM CD4+ T cells in normoxic and hypoxic conditions.
Adipokines and coronary artery disease
Authors: Strisciuglio Teresa , Galasso Gennaro , Leosco Dario , De Rosa Roberta , Di Gioia Giuseppe , Parisi Valentina , De Luca Stefania , Niglio Tullio , De Biase Chiara , Luciano Rossella , Rengo Giuseppe , Trimarco Bruno , Piscione Federico
Published: December 2015

Adipose tissue, besides being an important energetic storage, is also a source of cytokines and hormones which act in a paracrine, autocrine and especially endocrine manner, influencing the cardiometabolic axis. Adipokines are a group of mediators with pleiotropic function, that are involved in many physiological processes, so that a disregulation in their secretion can lead to multiple pathological conditions. In this review our aim was to clarify the role of adipokines in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, especially in coronary artery disease, and based on current scientific evidence, to analyze the therapeutic and behavioral strategies that are so far available.
EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D): an instrument for measuring quality of life
Authors: Balestroni Gianluigi , Bertolotti Giorgio
Published: December 2015

The aim of this paper was to provide a detailed description of the EuroQol- 5 Dimension (EQ-5D) useful for those member of staff in rehabilitation setting who wish to use it properly. EQ-5D is an instrument which evaluates the generic quality of life developed in Europe and widely used. The EQ-5D descriptive system is a preference-based HRQL measure with one question for each of the five dimensions that include mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. The answers given to ED-5D permit to find 243 unique health states or can be converted into EQ- 5D index an utility scores anchored at 0 for death and 1 for perfect health. The EQ-5D questionnaire also includes a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), by which respondents can report their perceived health status with a grade ranging from 0 (the worst possible health status) to 100 (the best possible health status). Finally the specific utility (in clinical and research setting) of each one of them is discussed.