bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agreement between the nutritional status of schoolchildren and the perception of their guardians
Authors: PIVATTO Bianca Coccaro , LIMA Lena Azeredo de
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT Objective Assess the correlation between classification of nutritional status of schoolchildren and the perception of their guardians. Methods A cross-sectional study with children aged 6-10 years from a public school in the South of Brazil. Weight and height of the schoolchildren were collected, and the guardians answered a questionnaire containing the range of silhouettes of Brazilian children. The perception through the scale of silhouettes was compared with the actual nutritional status. Kappa coefficient was used to check the consistency of actual and perceived perception. The prevalence ratio was calculated between perceived overweight and well-nourished children. Results A total of 236 guardians of schoolchildren were interviewed. The level of agreement between the nutritional status assessment of actual and perceived perception was weak (Kappa=0.32, p<0.001). As for the perception of nutritional status, 50.8% of the guardians scored the nutritional rating their children correctly, of which 42.0% of these children were overweight and 60.2% were well-nourished, p<0.05. The prevalence of guardians who underestimated the classification of the nutritional status was 21.6%, and underestimation of overweight children was 1.8 times greater than of well-nourished children. The overestimation of the nutritional status was 27.5%. The most prevalent nutritional status was well-nourished, followed by overweight. Conclusion The study showed that guardians do not have the correct perception of the nutritional status of the schoolchildren. Public interventions for health education must be conducted to reduce erroneous perceptions.
Association between hematological profile and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and FokI polymorphism in individuals with cystic fibrosis
Authors: ASSIS Milena Luana Coelho de , CARTAXO Constantino Giovanni Braga , COSTA Maria José de Carvalho , QUEIROZ Dayanna Joyce Marques , PERSUHN Darlene Carmati , GONÇALVES Maria da Conceição Rodrigues
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT Objective The present study aimed at investigating the association between hematological profile and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels and Fokl polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor gene in individuals with Cystic Fibrosis. Methods A cross-sectional study that involved 18 men and women aged 0-25 years with Cystic Fibrosis. Socio-demographic information and the factors associated with sun exposure were obtained. Weight, height, and arm circumference were also measured. Blood sample was collected for the analysis of biochemical parameters (25[OH]D, parathyroid hormone, and calcium levels and blood count) and for the validation of the presence of FokI polymorphism in the vitamin D receptor gene. Results Among the participants, 33.33% (n=6) had vitamin D deficiency (19.60±6.180 ng/mL), and 27.8% (n=5) presented with anemia and low weight for age. In terms of genotype, 5.6% (n=1) presented with the FF genotype, 72.3% (n=13) had the Ff genotype, and 22.2% (n=4) had the ff genotype. Serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with hemoglobin (p=0.008) and hematocrit (p=0.019) levels and leukocyte count (p=0.0114). No association was observed between 25(OH)D levels and the genotypes (FF, Ff, and ff) (p=0.2451). In addition, an association was observed between FokI polymorphism and the total leukocyte count (p=0.01). Conclusion An association was observed between serum 25(OH)D levels and hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and leukocyte count in individuals with Cystic Fibrosis. Moreover, FokI polymorphism was associated with total leukocyte count.
Perception versus intake of fruit and vegetables
Authors: CARVALHO Maria Cecília Ramos de , MENEZES Mariana Carvalho de , LOPES Aline Cristine Souza
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT Objective To compare perception and intake of fruit and vegetables, and to identify the factors associated with misperception of intake. Methods Cross-sectional study with 3,414 participants of the Health Academy Program from Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil. Stages of change from Transtheoretical Model were used to evaluate perception of intake, and questions adapted from national surveys were used to assess intake of fruit and vegetables as separate groups. Individuals whose intake and perception were discordant were reclassified in pseudo-maintenance (wrongly believe their intake is adequate) or non-reflective action (wrongly believe their intake is inadequate). Results Insufficient intake of fruit and vegetables and misperception of intake were observed. Pseudo-maintenance was more prevalent, given that 45.1% of individuals were reclassified in this stage regarding their vegetable intake and 22.9% regarding fruit. According to multinomial logistic regression, pseudo-maintenance of fruit intake was associated with sex, schooling, food and nutrition security, weight satisfaction, and participation in nutrition interventions; pseudo-maintenance of vegetable intake was associated with schooling and weight satisfaction. Non-reflective action was associated with age. Conclusion An important discordance between perception and intake was found, with emphasis on pseudo-maintenance of vegetable intake. Misperception was associated with different factors regarding fruit and vegetables, including sociodemographic variables, participation in nutrition interventions, and weight satisfaction. These results can contribute to the design of interventions aligned with eating behavior, aimed to empower individuals for their food choices.
Logframe Model as analytical tool for the Brazilian Breastfeeding and Feeding Strategy
Authors: TAVARES Josivânia Santos , VIEIRA Daniele de Souza , DIAS Tayanne Kiev Carvalho , TACLA Mauren Teresa Grubisich Mendes , COLLET Neusa , REICHERT Altamira Pereira da Silva
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to analyze the implementation of the Brazilian Breastfeeding and Feeding Strategy in a Brazilian northeast capital. Methods This exploratory research uses a qualitative approach that was served with five tutors and three managers related to the strategy. The approach elaborated a graphic representation of the problem tree of the Brazilian Breastfeeding and Feeding Strategy, and subsequently, a diagram with the strategy structure was developed per the components of Logframe model. Results The study identified weaknesses on the information shown in official documents from this strategy as well as principal issues in the implementation. Using the Logframe Model, the research proposed actions to modify this reality. Conclusion The Logframe Model is an important management instrument that can contribute to strengthening and expanding the Brazilian Breastfeeding and Feeding Strategy. Therefore, it can increase breastfeeding and healthy complementary feeding rates to reduce infant mortality and morbidity.
Judith Butler e a pomba-gira
Authors: Pereira Pedro Paulo Gomes
Published: June 2018

Resumo Este texto aborda a pressão que setores conservadores vêm exercendo contra as conquistas no campo de gênero e sexualidade e comenta sobre a violência das manifestações desses grupos. A partir de experiências em pesquisa, coloca em xeque a oposição entre religiosidade e formas alternativas de vivência de sexualidade e de gênero. Pensando na teoria de Judith Butler, indaga as possíveis brechas, as possibilidades de mediação e os limites de se pensar em categorias fixas. Assinala que talvez o caminho seja o de aproximação à multiplicidade dos agentes e suas formas inauditas de agência, e à criatividade de suas poéticas que associam à religião. E defende a necessidade de torcer o pensamento, inclusive torcer a própria teoria de Butler.
“Joga pedra na Judith”: discursos de ódio e populismo
Authors: Neves Raphael
Published: June 2018

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é tentar apontar uma possível ligação entre as hostilidades sofridas por Judith Butler no Brasil e uma captura dessas manifestações conservadoras por movimentos políticos. Minha hipótese é a de que um novo populismo pode estar em formação. Nesse sentido, o artigo dialoga com teorias do populismo no Brasil e no atual contexto internacional. O trabalho de Butler serve também como pano de fundo para uma reflexão da política populista e de como os ataques a direitos sexuais e reprodutivos servem de combustível para alimentar forças autoritárias com grande apelo às massas.
Sociodemographic profile and quality of life of caregivers of elderly people with dementia
Authors: Queiroz Raquel Santos de , Camacho Alessandra Conceição Leite Funchal , Gurgel Jonas Lírio , Assis Cíntia Raquel da Costa de , Santos Lucimere Maria dos , Santos Mauro Leonardo Salvador Caldeira dos
Published: June 2018

Abstract Objective: To analyze the association between sociodemographic profile, health profile and the quality of life of caregivers of elderly people diagnosed with dementia. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a geriatric outpatient unit with 35 elderly caregivers diagnosed with dementia. A socio-demographic and health characterization form was used as well as the WHOQOL-bref scale. To verify the association of the variables, the Spearman or Pearson correlation tests were applied, according to the normality of the data. Results: A moderate association between caregiver age and quality of life was found, as well as between total time of care and quality of life, which reveals that the care provided to the elderly with dementia has repercussions on the quality of life. The domains of the WHOQOL-bref with the highest means were Social and Physical Relations, and those with lower mean values were Psychological and Environmental. Conclusion: The identification of conditions that influence the quality of life of caregivers of elderly people with dementia allows actions to promote, protect and recover the health and well-being of those who provide care to be established, so that this care is both for themselves and for the elderly.
Prevalence and factors associated with alcohol and tobacco use among non-institutionalized elderly persons
Authors: Barbosa Marcelia Barezzi , Pereira Cláudio Vitorino , Cruz Danielle Teles da , Leite Isabel Cristina Gonçalves
Published: June 2018

Abstract Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of and factors associated with the use of tobacco and alcohol among elderly people living in the northern part of the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Method: A cross-sectional study conducted through a home survey was performed with a sample of 423 elderly citizens. Interviews were conducted through a questionnaire including the Fagerström and Audit-C tests. The data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis and multinomial regression. Results: The prevalence of elderly smokers was 9.0%, 32.0% were former smokers, 26.7% of the sample consumed alcoholic beverages and 3.2% used alcohol and smoked. In the multinomial logistic regression model, the factors that were significantly associated with smoking were the male gender, an age of 60 to 70 years old; the presence of self-reported health problems; while the consumption of alcohol was associated with the male gender and frailty. Conclusion: There was a low prevalence of elderly people living in the community who consumed alcoholic beverages and/or were smokers. Such individuals, however, almost exclusively suffered from impaired health and potentially a poor quality of life. Regarding the profile of such elderly persons, there were similarities between the socio-demographic and health variables, suggesting the possibility of a more targeted approach to these individuals.
Evaluation of Residency Admission Exams
Authors: Aragão Júlio César Soares , Casiraghi Bruna , Coelho Otávio Cabral , Sarzedas Amanda Rangel Macedo , Peloggia Stéfanie Maria Moura , Huguenin Tássio de Faria
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: Residency admission exams, although not intended to evaluate medical training, do so in an indirect way. The evaluation of the quality of the medical residency tests allows, among other things, to re-evaluate the training process itself and the skills expected of the candidates. Objective: To evaluate first phase exam tests of different medical residency programs in the largest Brazilian urban centers. Method: We evaluated 500 questions of residency admission exams in the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais. The items were evaluated in terms of their origin, geographical location, area of knowledge, contextualization, context scenarios and complexity by Bloom's taxonomy. Results: Most of the questions presented contextualization (64.4%, n = 322), with predominant scenarios of high complexity and in hospital environment. The predominant taxonomic category was identified as recognition (41.60%, n = 208), the second most frequent was judgment, in 26% of the questions (n = 130), followed by synthesis (15%, n = 75), analysis (7.60%, n = 38), comprehension (6%, n = 30) and application (3.8%, n = 19). Considering the dichotomization between questions of theoretical and clinical reasoning, we found a balance between both (clinical reasoning: 48.9%, n = 243; theoretical reasoning: 51.4%, n = 257). The association of contextualization with clinical reasoning was high, with the relative risk of an item requiring clinical reasoning in the presence of contextualization of 26.31 (CI 11.06 – 62.59). Final considerations: The scenario outlined by the present research demonstrates that the different selective processes for medical residency in Brazil differ greatly in relation to the selection profile, with hospital-centered focus, favoring scenarios of high complexity in a hospital environment. Although much has been done and discussed in order to promote changes in medical education in Brazil, the selection process for Medical Residency still fails to reflect the changes advocated since the end of the last century and consolidated in the public policies of the beginning of this century. If we consider that the selected professionals are likely to remain at that institution after the end of their undergraduate studies, then we can have some understanding of the feedback cycle that is created in the programs.
A Aprendizagem Baseada em Casos da Atenção Primária à Saúde nas Escolas Médicas Brasileiras
Authors: Chini Helena , Osis Maria José Duarte , Amaral Eliana
Published: June 2018

RESUMO Este estudo visou conhecer a inserção dos estudantes na comunidade das escolas médicas brasileiras e como essas escolas estão realizando a integração curricular dos conteúdos básicos ao clínico por meio de casos clínicos vivenciados da atenção primária à saúde. Um questionário estruturado, com 26 itens, pré-testado, foi enviado inicialmente por e-mail aos coordenadores de 160 cursos de Medicina reconhecidos pelo Ministério da Educação (MEC), com pelo menos uma turma de egressos. As escolas e os coordenadores foram identificados com base na lista de escolas filiadas à Associação Brasileira de Educação Médica (Abem), no período de maio a outubro de 2013. O questionário foi respondido por 108 coordenadores das escolas médicas associadas. As respostas foram obtidas por e-mail, entrevista gravada por telefone (telepesquisa) e impressos (face a face), de maio a outubro de 2013, após assinado o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE). Os dados foram tabulados e analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, com distribuição percentual das variáveis categóricas, utilizando o programa estatístico Epi-InfoTM, versão 7.1.4.Para 88% dos coordenadores entrevistados, a escola prevê a integração curricular entre ciências básicas e clínicas; 58,3% apresentam integração curricular por meio da metodologia da problematização com casos clínicos da atenção primária à saúde;para 43,5% dos entrevistados, os conteúdos estão parcialmente integrados. Todas as escolas seguem as DCN 2001 e 38,9% delas receberam auxílio de políticas indutoras do governo federal. O currículo está norteado pelos agravos mais prevalentes para 63,9% das escolas, e 75,9% consideram os objetivos de aprendizagem relevantes para a população. Um total de86,1% prevê o trabalho com equipe multiprofissional, e 56,5% das escolas integram o médico de família com as demais especialidades. Para 71,3%, as atividades na comunidade aumentam a responsabilidade social dos egressos, e 37% acreditam que essas atividades possam auxiliar na melhor distribuição dos futuros profissionais. De acordo com os coordenadores, a maioria das escolas médicas apresenta integração de conteúdos básico-clínicos, e 67,6% opinaram que as estratégias utilizadas para integração em suas escolas são bem-sucedidas.
Estilos de Pensamento na Escolha da Especialidade Médica e Sua Correlação com as Políticas de Provimento para a Atenção Básica à Saúde - Um Estudo de Caso
Authors: Maeyama Marcos Aurélio , Ros Marco Aurélio da
Published: June 2018

RESUMO A publicação das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para os cursos de Medicina, em 2001, iniciou um processo de mudança nos cursos de Medicina, buscando atender às necessidades do Sistema Único de Saúde no que diz respeito à formação para a atenção básica. Uma das maiores dificuldades encontradas para a consolidação da atenção básica reside na na carência de profissionais em quantidade e qualidade. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, foi identificar os aspectos que envolvem a escolha da especialidade médica em alunos egressos da Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (Univali) que tiveram participação efetiva durante a graduação em projetos na atenção básica. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, e a análise de dados foi executada por meio da categoria Estilo de Pensamento, desenvolvida por Ludwik Fleck. Os resultados demonstraram a hegemonia de um estilo de pensamento com características voltadas para a especialidade focal e com visão mercantil sobre a profissão, porém com visão ampliada para abordagem dos problemas, denominado, dessa forma, Estilo de Pensamento Flexneriano Ampliado. De modo contrahegemônico, também foi identificado um estilo de pensamento voltado à prática generalista integral, com caráter eminentemente público, aqui chamado de Estilo de Pensamento da Atenção Básica. A hegemonia do Estilo de Pensamento Flexneriano foi justificada especialmente pela força dos acoplamentos neoliberais, corroborados também pela estrutura curricular majoritariamente flexneriana. As complicações vivenciadas por alguns entrevistados no trabalho de atenção básica também foram consideradas impedimentos importantes que dificultam a consolidação do Estilo de Pensamento da Atenção Básica e, consequentemente, sua escolha como campo de trabalho. Os tráfegos intercoletivos também apresentaram importância no processo de escolha da especialidade médica, porém ainda hierarquizados pelos acoplamentos. Em que pesem estas escolhas, a aproximação com a atenção básica demonstrou ser bastante importante na construção da contra-hegemonia e na formação de matiz com visão ampliada do Estilo de Pensamento Flexneriano clássico, ambos importantes para a mudança do modelo de atenção.
Engajamento entre Estudantes do Ensino Superior nas Ciências da Saúde (Validação do Questionário Ultrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-S) com Estudantes do Ensino Superior nas Ciências da Saúde)
Authors: Silva Juliana Ollé Mendes da , Pereira Junior Gerson Alves , Coelho Izabel Cristina Meister Martins , Picharski Gledson Luiz , Zagonel Ivete Palmira Sanson
Published: June 2018

RESUMO O ingresso na vida acadêmica traz mudanças significativas, ligadas ao modelo de ensino-aprendizagem e à rotina do estudante. O engajamento é considerado o oposto do burnout: ao contrário dos estudantes que sofrem de estresse acadêmico, os alunos engajados se sentem muito conectados às atividades, percebendo-as como um desafio positivo. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral avaliar o escore de engajamento entre estudantes do ensino superior das Ciências da Saúde; e como objetivos específicos, validar o instrumento Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-S) com estudantes do ensino superior nas Ciências da Saúde; avaliar Vigor, Dedicação e Absorção do constructo engajamento e comparar os escores entre variáveis de duas ou mais categorias para obter o escore de engajamento entre estudantes do ensino superior nas Ciências da Saúde. Método: Estudo observacional analítico transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. Resultados: O UWES-S alcançou validade confirmatoria ao ser aplicado a estudantes de cinco cursos da área da saúde nos níveis de Vigor, Dedicação e Absorção. No que tange ao escore das dimensões, tem-se que Medicina e Enfermagem apresentam maior Vigor e Dedicação; os turnos de estudo manhã e integral apresentam maior Vigor e Absorção; na dimensão Absorção, observou-se maior escore entre os estudantes que cursavam até o quarto período; quanto ao tempo de dedicação aos estudos fora da faculdade, observou-se que os escores se mantiveram altos nas três dimensões do constructo, assim como para estudantes que praticavam atividades de lazer. Estudantes de Medicina e Enfermagem dos turnos da manhã e integral, casados, com filhos, que dedicam grande parte do tempo aos estudos fora da faculdade, que têm atividades de lazer apresentam maior escore de engajamento com relação às demandas acadêmicas. Conclusão: O engajamento como constructo é recente no Brasil. Seu conhecimento possibilitou um novo olhar sobre o contexto acadêmico, os mecanismos de adaptação do estudante ao ensino superior e a necessidade da proximidade do docente como mediador e da universidade como sustentáculo do processo.
Trajetória e dinâmica tecnológica da indústria de máquinas-ferramenta no Brasil*
Authors: Guerrero Glaison Augusto , Fonseca Pedro Cézar Dutra
Published: June 2018

Resumo A trajetória do setor de máquinas-ferramenta (MF) no Brasil entre 1930 a 1980 é caracterizada por forte crescimento, embora poucas firmas do setor acumularam capacidades tecnológicas nesse processo. A reserva de mercado gerou demanda para tal crescimento, mas configurou a especialização setorial em produtos com menor conteúdo tecnológico tendo em vista o mercado internacional. O setor de MF no Brasil possui empresas com capacidade de adaptação das inovações internacionais para o mercado interno, e nesses processos ocorrem a criação e a assimilação de conhecimento com as atividades de P&D, licenciamento, interações produtor-usuário, com fornecedores e acesso a conhecimentos das matrizes no caso de filiais de empresas estrangeiras.
REQUALIFICAÇÃO URBANA E DESPEJOS EM CENTROS NOVO E ANTIGO DE SALVADOR
Authors: Gledhill John , Hita Maria Gabriela
Published: June 2018

A cidade de Salvador replica o processo de “acumulação por espoliação”, característico de um urbanismo neoliberal em todo o mundo. Neste artigo, comparamos como atua a lógica da requalificação urbana em duas zonas da cidade. A primeira é uma grande e historicamente combativa favela localizada na região que tem se tornado o mais moderno “novo centro” da cidade. Nela, a chave dos problemas são os novos projetos de mobilidade urbana e a construção de condomínios para outras classes sociais. A segunda zona é o centro colonial da cidade, que experimenta uma nova fase de gentrificação. Ali, as políticas de patrimônio histórico se encontram com outras políticas, transformando os remanescentes espaços públicos da cidade neoliberal securitizada em zonas mais seguras para turistas e residentes mais ricos. Enfatizamos o valor de um entendimento etnograficamente fundamentado para compreender o que essas mudanças significam para moradores pobres da cidade, assim como a complexidade, a heterogeneidade e a ambiguidade de suas diferentes reações.
ATIVISMOS URBANOS EM SÃO PAULO
Authors: Frúgoli Jr. Heitor
Published: June 2018

Este artigo apresenta um balanço das ocupações plurais de espaços públicos de São Paulo, sobretudo naqueles em que ativistas (ou correlatos) têm lutado pela ampliação de direitos à cidade e seus equipamentos públicos. Tais ocupações se realizam por meio de redes de coletivos que envolvem estudantes, artistas, arquitetos, associações e vários outros agentes. Adota-se um enfoque voltado para a compreensão de certa genealogia de tais fenômenos – dos quais as jornadas de junho de 2013 representam uma referência indispensável –, bem como para a identificação dos principais desafios etnográficos para uma abordagem antropológica.
Epidemias e colapso demográfico no México e nos Andes do século XVI: contribuições da biologia evolutiva
Authors: Waizbort Ricardo , Porto Filipe
Published: June 2018

Resumo Discute as epidemias no colapso demográfico de ameríndios no México e na América Andina após a chegada dos espanhóis. A partir das categorias de Ernst Mayr de causas distantes (ou evolutivas) e próximas (ou funcionais), argumenta-se que causas distantes, como causas genéticas, que conferiram resistência imunológica aos espanhóis, manifestaram-se em um cenário muito estratificado, provocando a destruição de incas e astecas. Interpretações recentes do projeto colonialista europeu buscam minimizar a importância das epidemias ou matizá-las com fatores sociais, econômicos e políticos, interpretados aqui como causas próximas. Defendemos que somente pela articulação dessas duas categorias é possível entender a importância das epidemias na conquista espanhola da América Latina.
A numerical and theoretical study on the seismic behaviour of yielding cantilever walls
Authors: Conti R. , Caputo G.
Published: June 2018

This paper provides an interpretation of the dynamic behaviour of yielding cantilever walls, regarding which open issues still remain about the applicability of the Mononobe–Okabe theory and the possible occurrence of phase shift between the maximum soil thrust and the inertia forces into the system, which both affect the seismic design of these structures. To this end, the predictions of a pseudostatic limit equilibrium/analysis model are combined with the results of an extensive numerical study, with both pseudostatic and dynamic analyses performed under real earthquakes and simple input motions. Numerical outcomes show that the maximum soil thrust on the stem and the maximum bending moment are always in phase and occur when the inertia forces are away from the backfill. The proposed model provides a good prediction of the maximum internal forces induced by the earthquake. It is shown that the possible activation of plastic mechanisms within the system, in the form of either sliding or bearing failure, makes the critical acceleration a key ingredient for the seismic design of cantilever walls, controlling both the maximum internal forces and the magnitude and trend of final displacements. Numerical and theoretical findings are used to provide suggestions for the seismic design of cantilever walls.
La discusión en el campo de la educación y la enseñanza de la filosofía: una perspectiva para la resolución de conflictos
Authors: Gómez Mendoza Miguel Angel
Published: June 2018

La discusión permite, en un grupo social, examinar un problema pendiente, un conflicto que amenaza su convivencia y desarrollar de sus actividades, para así intentar formular y avanzar colectivamente hacia una solución. Como práctica social reglada, las sociedades democráticas contemporáneas han difundido ampliamente, en particular en los medios de comunicación, uno de sus géneros: la confrontación de opiniones  con la perspectiva y el ánimo de enfrentar los conflictos y encontrarles salidas o soluciones.
Presentación
Authors: Valbuena Ossa Édgar Orlay
Published: June 2018

El presente número de la Revista Colombiana de Educación constituye un monográfico dedicado a la educación en ciencias y tecnologías. Los artículos que se publican corresponden a estudios realizados por diferentes grupos de investigación, nacionales e internacionales, que responden problemáticas educativas relevantes, enmarcadas en los siguientes asuntos: aprendizaje, materiales educativos, formación docente y""diversidad cultural."
Presentación
Authors: Páramo Pablo
Published: June 2018

En la era de la globalización el hábitat urbano se constituye en un tema de preocupación, no solo porque en él se concentra actualmente la mayor proporción de los asentamientos humanos de la población mundial con los consecuentes impactos sobre el ambiente, sino porque se crean condiciones sociales particulares que requieren de una planificación y gestión que garanticen el bienestar de las personas para proyectar el futuro de la civilización.
La “Revolución Educativa”: momentos y perspectivas
Authors: Atehortúa Cruz Adolfo
Published: June 2018

Los siguientes renglones intentan esbozar, en términos muy generales, la propuesta que, en materia educativa, ha sido presentada al pueblo colombiano por el Presidente Álvaro Uribe Vélez en cuatro momentos especiales: en su campaña como candidato; en las Bases del Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2002 – 2006; en el Proyecto de Ley para el mismo Plan, sometido a discusión del Congreso de la República; y en el Plan de Desarrollo finalmente aprobado. En torno a ello y desde un punto de vista polémico, crítico y propositivo, se señalan las perspectivas que pueden esperarse con respecto a tal “revolución”.
Propuesta electoral de la Revolución Educativa
Authors: De Desarrollo Plan Nacional
Published: June 2018

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Efectos no previstos en las innovaciones en educación: el proceso de cambio abierto a la incertidumbre
Authors: Ríos Muñoz Daniel
Published: June 2018

La mayor parte de las acciones desarrolladas en el marco de la Reforma Educacional Chilena buscan promover la acción innovadora de los profesores, con el propósito de que su actividad docente contribuya al mejoramiento de los aprendizajes de los estudiantes. Una de las estrategias más novedosa para despertar la capacidad de innovar de los docentes está constituida por los Proyectos de Mejoramiento Educativo (PME). En esta ponencia se describe y analiza los diferentes resultados no previstos de las innovaciones -independientes de los PME- desarrolladas por profesores de educación básica, y que no estaban contemplados originalmente en sus objetivos. Esta situación hace pensar que el profesor innovador no posee un control pleno en el desarrollo de la innovación, lo que lo obliga a asumir un cierto grado de incertidumbre durante su ejecución. Este hallazgo tiende a cuestionar el modelo de Investigación y Desarrollo que ha orientado diversos procesos innovadores basados en una racionalidad instrumental, y cuyos conceptos claves se relacionan con control, eficiencia y eficacia.En el caso de los estudiantes, los principales aprendizajes no previstos se relacionan con un mayor desarrollo de características afectivas y actitudinales como: incremento en la participación escolar, mayor identificación con la unidad educativa,aumento en el compañerismo entre alumnos, mejor relación con sus profesores y mejores aprendizajes cognoscitivos. Sin embargo, también se observan efectos no previstos de carácter negativo como: envidia, individualismo, competencia, autoritarismo, indisciplina, entre otros. En los profesores innovadores, se aprecian efectos no previstos vinculados a la aplicación de estrategias de enseñanza más activas, un mayor interés en elperfeccionamiento de temáticas ligadas a la acción de mejoramiento y una mayor comunicación con otros profesores del establecimiento acerca de la innovación ejecutada.
New protocol v1
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Published: June 2018

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Gamma-diversity partitioning of gobiid fishes (Teleostei: Gobiidae) ensemble along of Eastern Tropical Pacific: biological inventory, latitudinal variation and species turnover v1
Authors: Valencia Omar
Published: June 2018

Sampled-based rarefaction curves of observed (Sobs) and expected gobies species richness.
PERIPHRASIS IN THE ARCHITECTONICS OF MEDIA TEXT
Authors: BULAKH MAYA
Published: June 2018

The paper focuses on the analysis of the periphrasis in the architectonics of media text. The author points out the functions of periphrases in the media text’s architectonics, in particular highlights functions of periphrasis-title. The research shows that the main functions of periphrases in architectonics of media text are as follows:
a) periphrases logically connect parts of the text;
b) periphrastic phrases disclose the contents, clarify concepts;
c) due to their expressive potential periphrases distinguish accents, tagging the basic contents part of the text;
d) periphrases allow fully realize the intention of the author of the material, identify the conceptual direction of the text, giving subjective evaluation, emotionally expressive, aesthetic characteristics of the text.
Due to many different views on the definition of architectonic in linguistic studies, there is a problem of distinguishing the concept of "architectonic" and "structure" of the text. The author pays much attention to the peculiarities of architectonics of media text.
Çocukluk Çağında Akut Lenfoblastik Lösemi
Authors: Yöntem Ahmet , Bayram İbrahim
Published: June 2018

Çocukluk çağı kanserlerinin %25-30’unu lösemiler oluştururken, lösemilerin yaklaşık %97’sinden akut lösemiler sorumludur. On beş yaşından küçük çocuklarda akut lenfoblastik lösemi, akut myeloblastik lösemiye göre yaklaşık beş kat daha sık görülmektedir. Akut lenfoblastik lösemilerin Türkiye’de yıllık insidansı 1.5/100.000’dir. Akut lenfoblastik lösemide tedaviye yanıt ve sağ kalım oranları 1960’lı yıllarda %10 düzeyine ulaşmaz iken, bugün tedavi protokolleri ile hastaların yaklaşık olarak %80-90’ında remisyon sağlanabilmektedir. Yüksek riskli hastaların tedavisinde daha fazla ajan daha yüksek dozlarda ve daha uzun süre verilmektedir. Uygun vakalarda kök hücre nakli yapılmaktadır.
Yeni Çıkan İlaçların Güvenlik (Farmakovijilans) Açısından İzlenmesinin Önemi
Authors: Karataş Yusuf , Pelit Aykut
Published: June 2018

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Sphingosine-1-phosphate Receptor Modulators in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Vermersch Patrick
Published: June 2018

The introduction of oral disease modifying therapies has transformed the treatment landscape for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Fingolimod (Gilenya®, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland), the first oral therapy to be approved, has demonstrated clinical efficacy as a result of modulation of subtype 1 sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P1) receptors. This leads to retention of lymphocytes in the lymph nodes, preventing their entry into the central nervous system. However, fingolimod can cause adverse effects as a result of its interaction with other S1P receptor subtypes, which are expressed in numerous tissues, including cardiac myocytes. More selective S1P receptor agents are currently in phase II and III clinical development. Siponimod, ozanimod, ponesimod and amiselimod have demonstrated efficacy with improved safety profiles compared with fingolimod. While more long-term data are needed, these selective S1P receptor modulators appear to be promising options for the treatment of MS and other disorders associated with autoimmunity and inflammation.
ADVANCED NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON CI ENGINE EMISSIONS
Authors: KÖTEN Hasan
Published: June 2018

In these studies, three important
works examined to get ultra-low emission for a single cylinder diesel engine.
The first study was performed for single fuel and compression ratio (CR),
intake and exhaust valve timings, mass flow rate were optimized for a range of
engine speed. Then for the same engine injection parameters such as start of
injection (SOI), injector cone angle, and split injection structures were
examined to get optimum parameters for the diesel engine. In CR studies,
different combustion chambers were tested according to injector cone angles and
fuel-wall interaction. In the second study, in addition to the above studies,
dual fuel compressed biogas (CBG) and diesel combustion were analyzed under
different engine loads both experimentally and computationally. Optimized
single fuel diesel cases were compared with CBG + Diesel dual fuel cases which
employed port injection for CBG fuel. In dual fuel engine applications, CBG
fuel and air mixture is induced from intake port and this air-fuel mixture is
ignited by pilot diesel fuel near top dead center (TDC). In dual fuel engine
mode, exhaust emissions reduced considerably especially in NOx and particulate
matter (PM) because of methane (CH4) rate and optimized engine parameters. The
third study is focused on aftertreatment systems to minimize residual exhaust
emissions. The emissions of the diesel engines consist of various harmful
exhaust gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM),
hydrocarbon (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Several technologies have been
developed to reduce diesel emissions especially NOx reduction systems in last
decades. The most promising NOx emission reduction technologies are exhaust gas
recirculation (EGR) system to reduce peak cylinder temperature that reduces NOx
form caused by combustion and active selective catalyst reduction (SCR) system
using reducing agent such as urea-water-solution for exhaust aftertreatment
system. In this study, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) methodology was
developed with conjugate heat transfer, spray, deposit and chemical reaction
modeling then emission prediction tool was developed based on the CFD results
with deposit prediction mechanism. CFD and deposit results were correlated with
image processing tool in flow test bench.
O erotismo e a libertação feminina no evangelho de Saramago
Authors: Kutelak Dias Bruno Vinicius
Published: June 2018

O tema da sexualidade sempre esteve envolto num misto de exaltação e condenação, considerando as diversas culturas e entidades religiosas espalhadas pelo mundo que, de certa forma, ditam as regras de tais atividades. Condenado pelo Cristianismo, o erotismo é submetido ao mundo profano e impuro dos homens e dos demônios, já que nem mesmo o Filho de Deus encarnado teve contato, segundo a tradição, com essas formas de pecado. Essa condenação tem origem já desde as primeiras sociedades patriarcais, responsáveis pela substituição dos valores femininos, como os instintos e a sexualidade, por princípios que deveriam reger um mundo governado por homens, idealmente racionais, no qual à mulher resta um papel subordinado. No entanto, mesmo condenada, a sexualidade não deixa de estar presente no mundo e é por meio dela que José Saramago explora o universo dos Evangelhos enquanto recria duas das principais personagens da vida de Jesus, sua mãe Maria e Madalena, tida como a prostituta arrependida e salva pelo Messias. O presente trabalho procura analisar como cada personagem é relacionada com o erotismo e como cada uma se utiliza, ou não, dele como forma de empoderamento. Maria, submissa tanto ao marido quanto às leis do Senhor, incapaz de explorar ou ter voz quando se trata de sua sexualidade, assim como sua própria vida. Em oposição, Madalena não apenas tem o sexo como fonte de prazer, mas como forma pela qual se libertou da tirania de um Deus macho.
A Computational Analysis of Gas Jet Flow Effects on Liquid Aspiration in the Collison Nebulizer
Authors: Feng James Q.
Published: June 2018

Pneumatic nebulizers (as variations based on the Collison nebulizer) have been widely used for producing fine aerosol droplets from a liquid material. The basic working principle of those nebulizers has been qualitatively described as utilization of the negative pressure associated with an expanding gas jet to syphon liquid into the jet stream, then to blow and shear into liquid sheets, filaments, and eventually droplets. Detailed quantitative analysis based on fluid mechanics theory is desirable, to gain in-depth understanding of the liquid aspiration mechanism among other aspects of the Collison nebulizer behaviour. The purpose of present work is to investigate the nature of negative pressure distribution associated with compressible gas jet flow in the Collison nebulizer by a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis, using an OpenFOAM® compressible flow solver. The value of the negative pressure associated with a gas jet flow is examined by varying geometric parameters of the jet expansion channel adjacent to the outlet of jet orifice. Such an analysis can provide valuable insights into fundamental mechanisms for liquid aspiration, helpful for designing improved pneumatic atomizer in the Aerosol Jet® direct-write system for micro-feature, high-aspect-ratio material deposition
Non-Destructive System Based on Electrical Tomography and Machine Learning to Analyze Moisture of Buildings
Authors: Rymarczyk Tomasz , Kłosowski Grzegorz , Kozłowski Edward
Published: June 2018

The article presents the results of research on a new method of spatial analysis of walls and buildings moisture. Due to the fact that destructive methods are not suitable for historical buildings of great architectural significance, a non-destructive method based on electrical tomography has been adopted. A hybrid tomograph with special sensors was developed for the measurements. This device enables the acquisition of data, which are then reconstructed by appropriately developed methods enabling spatial analysis of wet buildings. Special electrodes that ensure good contact with the surface of porous building materials such as bricks and cement were introduced. During the research, a group of algorithms enabling supervised machine learning was analyzed. They have been used in the process of converting input electrical values into conductance depicted by the output image pixels. The conductance values of individual pixels of the output vector made it possible to obtain images of the interior of building walls, both flat intersections (2D) and spatial (3D) images. The presented group of algorithms has a high application value. The main advantages of the new methods are: high accuracy of imaging, low costs, high processing speed, ease of application to walls of various thickness and irregular surface. By comparing the results of tomographic reconstructions, the most efficient algorithms were identified.
Exploring the Role of Pharmacists in Medical Student Training for the Prescribing Safety Assessment
Authors: Al-Kudhairi Fay , Kayyali Reem , Savickas Vilius , Sharma Neel
Published: June 2018

Five years after the introduction of the Prescribing Safety Assessment (PSA) in the UK, the role pharmacists play to help prepare medical students for this challenge is uncertain. Our study explored pharmacists’ perceptions about their role in undergraduate medical training for the Prescribing Safety Assessment (PSA). Study participants were emailed a qualitative questionnaire aimed at ascertaining their current involvement in undergraduate medical education, particularly the preparation for PSA. Responses received were thematically-analysed. A total of 27 UK hospital pharmacists and 3 pharmacists from local education and training boards completed the questionnaire. Pharmacists were positive about their involvement in medical student training, recognising the added value they could provide in prescribing practice. However, respondents expressed concerns in relation to resource availability and the need for formal educational practice mentoring. This research highlights the potential value of pharmacists’ input into medical education and the need for a discussion on strategies to expand this role to maximise the benefit from pharmacist skill mix in teaching safe prescribing.
New Therapies of Neovascular AMD – Beyond Anti VEGFs
Authors: Yerramothu Praveen
Published: June 2018

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) accounts for one of the leading causes of blindness among the aging population. The current treatment options for nAMD include intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF). However, standardised frequent administration of anti-VEGF injections only improves the vision in approximately 30%-40% of nAMD patients. Current therapies targeting nAMD pose a significant risk of retinal fibrosis and geographic atrophy (GA) development in nAMD patients. A need exists to develop new therapies to treat nAMD with effective and long-term anti-angiogenic effects. Recent research on nAMD has discovered novel therapeutic targets and angiogenic signalling mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis. For example, tissue factor, human intravenous immune globulin, interferon-β signalling, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase lipid metabolites have been identified as key players in the development of angiogenesis in AMD disease models. Furthermore, novel therapies such as NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition, targeted intraceptor nanoparticle therapy, inhibitors of integrins and tissue factor are currently being tested at the level of clinical trials to treat nAMD. The aim of this review is to discuss the scope for alternative therapies proposed to anti-VEGFs for the treatment of nAMD.
Antineutrino Star Model of the Big Bang and Dark Energy
Authors: Neiser Tom F.
Published: June 2018

A new model of cosmology is proposed, where the state of high energy density commonly associated with the big bang is generated by the collapse of an antineutrino star that has exceeded its Chandrasekhar limit. To allow the first neutrino stars and antineutrino stars to form naturally from an initial quantum vacuum state, matter and antimatter are assumed to gravitationally repel. In this scenario, a degenerate antineutrino star in effective hydrostatic equilibrium has a density that is similar to the dark energy density of the ΛCDM model. When viewed from the core, such a star could today accelerate matter radially and emit the isothermal cosmic microwave background radiation, which addresses the horizon and flatness problems. This model and the ΛCDM model are in similar quantitative agreement with supernova distance measurements. The presented model is also in qualitative agreement with observed large-scale anisotropy and inhomogeneity, which distinguishes it from the ΛCDM model.
Involving Older People in Participatory Action Research: An Example of Participatory Action Design
Authors: Schiau Ioana , Ivan Loredana , Bîră Monica
Published: June 2018

Participatory Action Research (PAR) has as a main goal the collaborative construction and production of meanings between the researchers and the participants. PAR has been largely used in the area of technology creation and appropriation involving end-users in different stages of technology designing process. However, research studies concerning older people and their use of technology employ PAR to a lesser extent. In the current paper we provide arguments for the value of different participative action approaches when studying technology appropriation by older people, and present an example of a participatory action design that we have implemented in three Romanian cities, with people 60+, to reveal the way older adults depict their experience in using Facebook. We used a five-step collaborative research design – (1) initial evaluation; (2) training session; (3) immediate evaluation; (4) group co-creation; (5) final evaluation – to reflect on the participants’ experience through groups techniques and participant observation notes. Results reveal the fact that one trainer per each participant, adapting the interaction to the participant’s individual needs, intergenerational trainer-trainee communication and patience, as well as proper timing of the organized sessions are key factors to foster participant engagement with social media. In addition, the proposed participatory action design proved to have some potential to empower older people in long time engagement with social media.
La pervivencia de la olivicultura tradicional en el valle de Huasco (Atacama, Chile)
Authors: Luque Revuelto Ricardo Manuel , Sandoval Estrada Marco Antonio
Published: June 2018

La explotación del olivar en la región de Atacama es una actividad agraria que se remonta a la llegada de los primeros españoles en el siglo XVI. Actualmente se encuentra amenazada por un problema de salinización de suelos. La escasez de agua, la aparición de enfermedades del olivo, la competencia de las actividades extractivas o la pérdida de vínculos afectivos de la población con el territorio agravan la situación presente. Problemas estos, que de no resolverse, comprometerían gravemente, no solo la olivicultura tradicional del valle, sino las ancestrales sociedades agrarias que la sostienen.