A Mind-Body Physical Activity Program for Chronic Pain With or Without a Digital Monitoring Device: Proof-of-Concept Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Greenberg Jonathan , Popok Paula J , Lin Ann , Kulich Ronald J , James Peter , Macklin Eric A , Millstein Rachel A , Edwards Robert R , Vranceanu Ana-Maria 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

Chronic pain is associated with poor physical and emotional functioning. Nonpharmacological interventions can help, but improvements are small and not sustained. Previous clinical trials do not follow recommendations to comprehensively target objectively measured and performance-based physical function in addition to self-reported physical function.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to establish feasibility benchmarks and explore improvements in physical (self-reported, performance based, and objectively measured) and emotional function, pain outcomes, and coping through a pilot randomized controlled trial of a mind-body physical activity program (<i>GetActive</i>) with and without a digital monitoring device (<i>GetActive-Fitbit</i>), which were iteratively refined through mixed methods.

METHODS

Patients with chronic pain were randomized to the <i>GetActive</i> (n=41) or <i>GetActive-Fitbit</i> (n=41) programs, which combine relaxation, cognitive behavioral, and physical restoration skills and were delivered in person. They completed in-person assessments before and after the intervention. Performance-based function was assessed with the 6-min walk test, and step count was measured with an ActiGraph.

RESULTS

Feasibility benchmarks (eg, recruitment, acceptability, credibility, therapist adherence, adherence to practice at home, ActiGraph wear, and client satisfaction) were good to excellent and similar in both programs. Within each program, we observed improvement in the 6-min walk test (mean increase=+41 m, SD 41.15; <i>P</i>&lt;.001; effect size of 0.99 SD units for the <i>GetActive</i> group and mean increase=+50 m, SD 58.63; <i>P</i>&lt;.001; effect size of 0.85 SD units for the <i>GetActive-Fitbit</i> group) and self-reported physical function (<i>P</i>=.001; effect size of 0.62 SD units for the <i>GetActive</i> group and <i>P</i>=.02; effect size of 0.38 SD units for the GetActive-Fitbit group). The mean step count increased only among sedentary patients (mean increase=+874 steps for the <i>GetActive</i> group and +867 steps for the <i>GetActive-Fitbit</i> group). Emotional function, pain intensity, pain coping, and mindfulness also improved in both groups. Participants rated themselves as much improved at the end of the program, and those in the <i>GetActive-Fitbit</i> group noted that Fitbit greatly helped with increasing their activity.

CONCLUSIONS

These preliminary findings support a fully powered efficacy trial of the two programs against an education control group. We present a model for successfully using the Initiative on the Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials criteria for a comprehensive assessment of physical function and following evidence-based models to maximize feasibility before formal efficacy testing.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrial.gov NCT03412916; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03412916