bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Status Characteristics in Rehabilitation Accessibility: Gender Influences
Authors: Harrison Don K. , Wayne Barbara
Published: June 2019

Accessibility to rehabilitation was investigated by studying the acceptance status of a sample of 3,314 females and males in the Northcentral region of the state-federal rehabilitation program within the framework of a theory of status characteristics and expectation states. Sex and 14 other demographic variables which were examined in relation to whether clients were rejected or accepted for rehabilitation included: (1) age, (2) dependents, (3) family number, (4) education, (5) referral source, (6) race, (7) Spanish surname, (8) disability, (9) severity of disability, (10) marital status, (11) work status, (12) family income, (13) time on public assistance, and (14) source of support. Fewer females applied for rehabilitation but a higher proportion were accepted. Demographic variables accounted for less than 6% of the explained variance. Sex accounted for a negligible amount of the variance (.13%) and education accounted for the largest portion (2.12%) of the explained variance.
Making It in Able-Bodied America: Career Development In Young Adults With Physical Disabilities
Authors: McCarthy Henry
Published: June 2019

A mail survey of 353 young adults who had physical disabilities and were between the ages of 20 and 30 was conducted to identify what bridges and barriers they experienced in their transition from school to work or alternative situation. The respondents were recruited from 11 education, rehabilitation and self-help organizations in New York and California. Data on career development were analyzed by multivariate techniques to assess the impact of personal characteristics, functional capacities, and work-socialization experiences on these outcomes. Consistent with research on the general population, personal characteristics (e.g., educational achievement) were the best disriminators of employment status. Reported use and benefit of formal helping resources was rather limited, suggesting need to re-shape the role, perception and/or impact of these professional services. Access to additional resources and improved opportunities through linkages among the special education, vocational rehabilitation and private-sector employment communities is recommended.
Determining Disability: A Labor Market Approach
Authors: Field Timothy F. , Weed Roger O.
Published: June 2019

This paper discusses two main approaches to the assessment of disability. Traditionally, the rehabilitation profession has relied on the assignment of a percentage of impairment by a physician according to schedules from both the medical profession and state regulations. An alternate approach, referred to as Labor Market Access, identifies a method of determining a percentage of disability based upon a client's access to employment within a geographical area. This approach emphasizes the assessment of the client's level of functioning (both pre- and post-injury levels) as a basis for determining disability.
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Weight Control in the Physically Disabled: A Pilot Demonstration
Authors: Keller Sandra , Villeneuve Helene , Pontgratz Eric
Published: June 2019

While obesity is considered to be one of the most prevalent health problems in today's society, limited mobility renders the physically disabled more vulnerable to excessive weight gain than the general population. Thus, an eight-week Energy Wise Program was implemented for outpatients of the Royal Ottawa Regional Rehabilitation Centre which combined nutrition education, behavior modification, and increased energy expenditure. A weigh-in preceded a two-hour presentation/discussion with a dietitian and psychologist on the topics of nutrition and behavior modification. Participants then joined a physiotherapist for a one-hour exercise class. Data were collected from 31 adults totalled from a series of four groups. Physical disabilities included chronic obstructive lung disease, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, chronic pain, cerebral palsy, and cerebral vascular accident. Body measurements were recorded both before and after the program. Statistical analyses revealed significant decreases in body weight; triceps skinfold; and chest, waist, thigh, and gluteal girth measurements. Both clinical data and subjective evaluations of the program endorsed a multidisciplinary approach to weight control in a physically disabled population.
Neuropsychological Correlates of Tested Vocational Aptitudes for Adults with Epilepsy in a Rehabilitation Setting
Authors: Clemmons David C. , Fraser Robert T. , Dodrill Carl B. , Trejo William R. , Freelove Christyne
Published: June 2019

This study examines the relationship of tested vocational aptitudes to measures of neuropsychological functioning in an epilepsy rehabilitation setting. Subjects were 83 adults with epilepsy receiving outpatient care at a large urban medical facility. All were administered the Neuropsychological Battery for Epilepsy and the General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB). Data analysis includes the construction of three correlational matrices comparing vocational aptitude measures with measures of intellectual and neuropsychological functioning. A stepwise linear regression analysis was used to explore the degree to which GATB variables might approximate an overall measure of neuropsychological impairment. Consistent, moderately high correlations were found between GATB aptitude scores and overall measures of intellectual and neuropsychological functioning. GATB aptitudes measuring numerical ability, spatial abiity, and motor speed coordination were found to be significantly related to a measure of overall neuropsychological impairment. While this relationship was not strong enough to allow accurate prediction of impairment level using GATB scores alone, it was concluded that the GATB demonstrates correlations with measures of overall neuropsychological and intellectual status that are worthy of note to epilepsy rehabilitation workers.
Canon 2- Counselor-Client Relationship—Human Dignity and Professional Self-Monitorin
Authors: Wright Beatrice A.
Published: June 2019

The author addresses the meaning of human dignity as it relates to the counselor-client relationship. This concept is seen as an underpinning of all ethical standards.
Canon 9 - Competence—Ethical Responsibility in Establishing and Maintaining Professional Competence
Authors: Berven Norman L. , Scofield Michael E.
Published: June 2019

Establishment and maintenance of professional competence in the knowledge, skill, and affective domains are discussed. Personal responsibility for competence is emphasized as embodied in Canon 9 of the Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors, including the maintenance of personal health and wellness.
Canon 10 - CRC Credential—Certified Rehabilitation Counselors (CRC)
Authors: Patterson Jeanne Boland
Published: June 2019

Canon 10 of the Code of Professional Ethics contains rules which specifically address the conduct of counselors who hold the CRC designation. This article discusses the meaning of certification and the relationship between the certifying body and the professional associations. It also provides an overview of the implications of Canon 10 to certified rehabilitation counselors.
Interaction Between College Students with Physical Disabilities & Their Professors
Authors: Fichten Catherine S. , Amsel Rhonda , Bourdon Claudia V. , Creti Laura
Published: June 2019

This study investigated the nature of appropriate and inappropriate interaction behaviors between professors and college students who have physical disabilities. Thirty-eight students with physical disabilities, 74 college and university professors who had taught disabled students, and 17 professors who had not done so rated the frequency and appropriateness of a variety of interaction behaviors by both professors and students. Professors also rated their level of comfort with disabled and with non-disabled students and indicated how interested they were in teaching students with specific disabilities in the future. Results show that a) approximately 75% of professors in Montreal colleges and universities had taught disabled students, b) professors are more comfortable with able-bodied than with disabled students, and c) that professors who had taught disabled students are more comfortable with such students and more interested in teaching them in the future. Appropriate behaviors were found to be more common than inappropriate behaviors and student initiated behaviors were seen as more desirable than professor initiated ones. Nevertheless, disabled students rated most student initiated behaviors, but not professor initiated behaviors, as less appropriate than tile professors believed them to be. The implications of the findings for research and practice are discussed and concrete examples of appropriate behaviors by each group in frequently occurring interaction situations are provided.
Dual Diagnosis: Psychiatric Disorder & Substance Abuse
Authors: Lett Phillip
Published: June 2019

This review examines the incidence, problems and treatment issues involved when dealing with individuals who have a psychiatric disorder and concurrent substance abuse problem. There is an increasing number of these clients evidenced in psychiatric and substance abuse rehabilitation facilities and the reasons are not very clear. Suggestions are offered for a pilot treatment program and future directions recommended for addressing the special needs of this subpopulation.
AIDS: An Overview for Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Reichert David A. , MacGuffie Robert A.
Published: June 2019

This article presented an overview of AIDS. The disability involves three diagnoses: HIV Antibody Positive Tests, AIDS Related Complexes and AIDS. AIDS is transmitted through sexual intercourse, sharing unclean needles and use of contaminated blood. AIDS is incurable although the use of Azidothymidine (AZT) has shown some promise. Three categories of clients involving four stages of reaction are presented. Rehabilitation counselor interventions and vocational implications are discussed.
Retrospective Measures in the Modification of Attitudes Toward Persons with Disabilities
Authors: Perry David C. , Apostal Robert A. , Scott Thomas B.
Published: June 2019

Many rehabilitation studies which attempt to determine the effectiveness of procedures designed to modify attitudes toward persons with disabilities rely on self-report measures. When utilizing self-report instruments within a pretest/posttest design, a potential threat to internal validity is the shift of response interpretation on the part of the subject. One way of dealing with this response-shift is to utilize retrospective pretests in addition to a pre-treatment pretest. Two studies are presented which compared the use of traditional pretests with retrospective pretests in the modification of attitudes toward the disabled. Both studies showed that the retrospective pretest design was more sensitive to perceived attitudinal changes.
Serving the Descendants of Aztlán: A Rehabilitation Counselor Education Challenge
Authors: Medina Samuel , Marshall Catherine , Fried Juliet
Published: June 2019

Rehabilitation counselor education programs are currently being challenged to include a focus on cultural differences in their curriculums. The purpose of this article is to recommend that the training of rehabilitation counselors indeed include a focus on cultural pluralism. The authors have presented a brief overview of the history, values, and beliefs of Chicanos in order to demonstrate the need for pluralism within rehabilitation counseling. Recommendations for incorporating culture specific knowledge within rehabilitation counselor graduate curriculums are presented.
The Clinical Use of the Career Ability Placement Survey vs. the GATB with Persons Having Psychiatric Disabilities
Authors: Katz Lynda J. , Beers Sue R. , Geckle Michelle , Goldstein Gerald
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical utility of the Career Ability Placement Survey (CAPS) as a tool in the vocational assessment of persons having a psychiatric disability. The CAPS and the General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB) were administered to a sample of 91 individuals with varied DSM-II/ psychiatric diagnoses. Vocational aptitude scores yielded by the CAPS were compared to those obtained on conceptually similar tests of the GATB. Correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the relationship between the two measures. In addition, the independence or degree of differentiation of the tests within each battery was assessed and confirmed by factor analysis. High positive correlations were obtained for conceptually similar tests. While test intercorrelations within each battery exhibited an acceptable level of independence, greater independence was found within the CAPS structure. Factor analysis confirmed that the CAPS contained a three-factor solution, whereas the GATB showed a two-factor structure. These results, coupled with the fact that the CAPS is more efficiently administered, indicated that the CAPS might have clinical advantages when used with this population.
A Follow-up Study: Assessing the Effectiveness of Malaysia's Drug Rehabilitation System
Authors: Scorzelli James F.
Published: June 2019

In order to assess the effectiveness of Malaysia's massive anti-drug campaign, a follow-up study was conducted in 1987-88. In this study, the incidence of newly identified drug abusers, demographic variables and drug usage trends are examined as one method of assessing the effectiveness of the Malaysian effort. In addition, those components of the Malaysian rehabilitation system that would be most applicable to the American effort were discussed.
Neuropsychological Evaluation in the Vocational Rehabilitation of Brain Injured Clients
Authors: Hallauer Dean S. , Prosser Robert A. , Swift Kathryn F.
Published: June 2019

Clients with history of brain injury or neurological disorder can be challenging for the vocational rehabilitation counselor (VRC) to assess and help rehabilitate. Neuropsychological evaluation provides systematic assessment of deficits in functioning secondary to brain injury. Such assessments can be of great value to the VRC, but may not be widely known or utilized by VRCs in many areas. This paper discusses issues of vocational rehabilitation of brain injured individuals, and proposes guidelines for eliciting relevant information from the client and for making appropriate referral for neuropsychological evaluation. VRCs are in an excellent position to identify individuals for whom neuropsychological evaluation is needed, since cognitive and behavioral deficits resulting from brain injury or neurological disorder are frequently not addressed until the question is raised during the vocational rehabilitation process.
Ecological Assessment in Supported Employment
Authors: Parker Randall M. , Szymanski Edna Mora , Hanley-Maxwell Cheryl
Published: June 2019

The limitations of traditional assessment for supported employment and the advantages of an ecological framework for supported employment assessment are discussed. Limitations are related to incorrect reading and comprehension levels of instructions and items, unavailability of appropriate norms, focus upon irrelevant skills and abilities, and reliability and validity issues. Ecological assessment for supported employment is a dynamic, holistic process that involves the assessment of individuals, environments, and their congruence. Discrepancies between Individuals assessed characteristics and various chosen environments are addressed through a variety interventions targeting the individual, the environment, and the congruence of the two. Such interventions are most effective when they are maximally under control of the individual, least intrusive, and most natural for the work environment. Rehabilitation counselors are advised to look beyond the traditional model to the ecological model of assessment for supported employment.
The Functional Assessment Inventory and Job Tenure for Persons with Severe and Persistent Mental Health Problems
Authors: Wallner Russell J. , Clark Donald W.
Published: June 2019

This study explored the relationship between job retention and certain levels of functioning for individuals experiencing severe and persistent mental health problems. The Functional Assessment Inventory (FAI) (Crewe & Athelstan, 1984) was examined ex post facto in relation to job tenure from 92 case files of adults who were employed competitively or in supported employment. The sum total of FAI scores and five of the nine subgroups were found to be significantly related at the .05 alpha level. Further research utilizing the FAI is indicated.
A Survey of Elderly Persons with Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Coelho Richard J. , Dillon Norma F.
Published: June 2019

The present study addresses the development and utilization of a needs assessment survey to examine demographic characteristics, adaptive functional skills, clinical service needs and psychosocial attributes of a population of elderly persons with developmental disabilities. The population consisted of sixty-seven persons, age fifty-five years or older, in receipt of services from a comprehensive, mental health service delivery system in Michigan. Based on findings, several areas of service were targeted for agency scrutiny and action to assure quality service provision for the elderly population studied: 1) Increased health and sensory monitoring; 2) Improved diagnostic assessment and service planning processes for service differentiation to meet the unique characteristics of the population; and 3) Expanded generic service options to increase interaction within society and with age peers without disabilities. Rehabilitation professionals are urged to take a proactive role in the evaluation of current program delivery models serving elderly persons with developmental disabilities and in the development of Innovative community based programs to accommodate their complex and changing social, health, and habilitation needs.
Structural Factors that Affect Provision of Vocational/Educational Services in Methadone Maintenance Treatment Programs
Authors: Arella Lorinda R. , Deren Sherry , Randell Joan , Brewington Vincent
Published: June 2019

Much literature points to the existence of common organizational and staff factors that can serve as obstacles to effective utilization of vocational and educational (V/E) services in clinical settings. This paper reports findings from systematic organizational analyses off our methadone maintenance clinics in New York City, which were used to help identify formal and informal arrangements that facilitate or hinder effective utilization of vocational rehabilitation services in this treatment system. The study included 43 face-to-face staff interviews, 50 anonymous staff surveys, and 16 case file reviews. The major structural obstacles found were: (a) client V/E needs are typically given a low priority compared with other service needs, (b) monitoring and supervision in relation to V/E service utilization is generally lacking, (c) the prevalence of critical deficits in counsellors' vocational rehabilitation skills (e.g., targeting, assessment, and caseload management) relate to inadequate and/or inappropriate referral to community-based V/E agencies, and (d) fiscal disincentives (particularly Medicaid dependence) exist for both program and client.
African Americans and Alcohol Abuse: Considerations for Rehabilitation Counselor
Authors: Watson Albert L.
Published: June 2019

Alcohol abuse among African Americans poses a unique professional challenge for rehabilitation counselors. The incidence of alcohol abuse among African Americans, as well as other Americans, is high, thereby increasing the likelihood that rehabilitation counselors will encounter African American alcohol abusers among their caseloads. The experience of blacks in America is unique. Therefore discussions of alcohol treatment and counseling approaches must consider the context of the “minority culture” including its history, strengths, values, attitudes in an effort to formulate culturally appropriate interventions. Culturally sensitive interventions are described, thereby providing rehabilitation counselors additional resources to serve this population.
Reactions to Disability: an Empirical Investigation of their Nature and Structure
Authors: Livneh Hanoch , Antonak Richard F.
Published: June 2019

This paper describes the initial steps toward the construction of an experimental, multidimensional inventory to - measure reactions to physical disability. The Relations to Impairment and Disability Inventory (RIDI) was developed to provide information on eight patterns of psychosocial reactions to disability, namely: shock, anxiety, denial, depression, internalized anger, externalized hostility, acknowledgement, and adjustment. Data are presented on initial psychometric analyses of the inventory. Analyses of the eight scales supported their homogeneity and relative independence, and the inventory's construct validity was partially documented. A moderately high degree of relationship was found between the Acknowledgement and Adjustment scales and the Acceptance of Disability (AD) scale (Linkowski, 1971), providing partial support of the inventory's criterion-related validity.
Ethical Responses to Legislative, Organizational, and Economic Dynamics: A Four Level Model of Ethical Practice
Authors: Tarvydas Vilia M. , Cottone R. Rocco
Published: June 2019

Current legislative, organizational, and economic pressures on the practice of rehabilitation counseling have uncovered deep-seated philosophical inconsistencies and competing interests in the field. These trends are overviewed and the current status of ethical decision-making knowledge is reviewed. An integrated four level model of ethical practice is proposed as necessary to adequately address the issues operant in contemporary professional practice: (a) the clinical counseling level; (b) the clinical multidisciplinary level; (c) the institutional/agency level; and (d) the societal resource/public policy level.
Factors Influencing Injured Employees Return to Work
Authors: Tate Denise Galluf
Published: June 2019

Three types of factors (systems, subject and modulating), appear to influence injured individuals' return to work. Systems factors include the disability benefit system, employer and labor policies and rehabilitation programs; subject factors, include workers' personal characteristics; and modulating factors mediate the effect of both systems and subject factors. This article provides a literature review which describe many factors influencing the return to work process. The article also discusses some implications of these findings for rehabilitation counselors.
People with Learning Disabilities: Moral and Ethical Rights to Equal Opportunities
Authors: Fischer Jerome M.
Published: June 2019

The article discusses moral and ethical rights as a bases for people with learning disabilities to receive equal opportunities in the context of three ethical theories. In addition, legislation, court cases, and barriers to integration relevant to people with learning disabilities are reviewed. Lastly, strategies for achieving rights for people with learning disabilities and advocating for equal opportunities are discussed.
Special Interest Network in Substance Abuse
Authors: Goodwin Lloyd R.
Published: June 2019

In March, 1990 a Special Interest Network in Substance Abuse for rehabilitation counselors was formed. This article describes its formation, present status, and goals.
Attitudes of Executives in Fortune 500 Corporations Toward the Employability of Persons with Severe Disabilities: Industrial and Service Corporations
Authors: Levy Joel M. , Jessop Dorothy Jones , Rimmerman Arie , Levy Philip H.
Published: June 2019

Three-hundred-forty-one executives responsible for hiring decisions in Fortune 500 industrial and service corporations returned a mail questionnaire measuring their attitudes toward persons with severe disabilities. Attitudes were favorable to the employability of persons with severe disabilities both in terms of its advantages for the individual with a disability and the lack of disadvantages for others in the work setting. Attitudes were more favorable in industrial than service corporations in the area of lack of disadvantages for others in the work setting. These attitudes co-existed with general attitudes toward persons with disabilities that approximated those held by other population groups and are also similar in industrial and service corporations. Significant subgroup differences in attitudes existed. Executives with prior contact with persons with disabilities had more favorable attitudes in both industrial and service corporations. This was a trend in service corporations and a highly significant difference among the industrial corporations. Thus, the ability of contact variables to predict attitudes was more pronounced in the industrial than in the service corporations.
Prologue: Rehabilitation Counseling Credentialing: Research and Practice
Authors: Szymanski Edna Mora , Leahy Michael J.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this special issue is to provide a current picture of credentialing in rehabilitation counseling. Credentialing is one aspect of the definition of a profession. Research provides a basis for the relationship between credentialing and the requisite knowledge base for professional practice.
Epilogue: Rehabilitation Counseling Credentialing
Authors: Leahy Michael J. , Szymanski Edna Mora
Published: June 2019

This special joint issue has presented information on the status of credentialing in rehabilitation counseling by providing a review of the certification, accreditation, and counselor licensure efforts, as well as the issues confronting the profession in the continuing process of professionalization. In addition, this issue has focused on the empirical foundation of the credentialing processes in rehabilitation counseling by providing the initial findings of an ongoing research project designed to validate the accreditation and certification processes that support the profession, along with the identification of the reported preparedness and training needs of certified rehabilitation counselors.
Selecting Clients for Supported Employment: Functional Criteria or Categorical Labels?
Authors: Langford Cynthia A. , Boas George J. , Garner William E. , Strohmer Douglas C.
Published: June 2019

The impact of categorical labels versus functional limitations upon rehabilitation professionals' identification of clients for supported employment was investigated. A group of 89 rehabilitation professionals in a large southern state reviewed a case description of an individual exhibiting inappropriate work behaviors that functionally defined appropriate candidates for supported employment, but varied only in terms of the categorical label assigned to the fictitious client. The case description had five variations: no disability, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, hearing impairment, or mental retardation. Results suggest that the categorical label impacted upon decisions to refer clients for supported employment. Implications for rehabilitation education and practice, as well as directions for future research are identified and discussed.
Psychosocial Aspects of Fibromyalgia Syndrome
Authors: Raymond Bonnie , Bergland Martha M.
Published: June 2019

Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FS) is a rheumatological condition affecting approximately 6% of the American workforce. Characteristic symptomatology includes widespread muscle soreness and fatigue. Chronic pain, psychosocial changes, impaired lifestyle functioning, and diminished work capacity are widely reported. Although FS has been poorly understood in the past, recent research has extended the knowledge base relating to etiology, associated psychosocial factors, and the efficacy of various treatment modalities. The rehabilitation counselor can facilitate job maintenance and minimize loss of vocational capacity through understanding the phenomenonology, educating all concerned, and actively addressing employment issues.
Conceptions of Head Injury: Implications for Vocational Rehabilitation
Authors: Kosciulek John F.
Published: June 2019

Low return to pre-morbid work rates are common following traumatic head injury. Successful return to employment depends greatly on a clear understanding of head injury by all parties involved in the rehabilitation process. Hershenson's (1992) model of conceptions of disability provides a guide for assessing the implications of the conceptions of head injury on the VR process. Increased awareness of conceptions of head injury among VR counselors could avert this potential source of difficulty.
Participant, Employer, and Rehabilitation Resources in Supported Employment: A Collaborative Support Approach
Authors: Flexer Robert , Goebel Gene , Baer Robert , Simmons Thomas , Martonyi Elizabeth , Shell Doreen , Steele Robert , Sabousky Richard
Published: June 2019

Employer participation and natural supports are recent topics in the supported employment literature. This article traces the potential role of employers in the development and implementation of supports while describing the experience of the authors with employer assistance in supported employment programs. Ecological principles are applied to issues of support provision, and a collaborative approach is suggested in which active employer participation on a case by case basis can inform the support development process. Service delivery and marketing issues are outlined to sensitize the reader to implications of an ecological approach to support provision.
A Preliminary Conceptualization of the Influence of Personality and Psychological Development on Group Therapy with Spinal Cord Patients
Authors: Fow Neil R. , Rockey Linda S.
Published: June 2019

While spinal cord injuries are more common among young men who have had an active role in their injury, persons receiving spinal cord rehabilitation are by no means a homogeneous group. Medical problems also account for spinal-related disabilities, as do injuries in which the individual does not have an active role. Attention to personality traits, level of psychological development, and circumstances of the injury can contribute to an understanding of why younger traumatically-injured spinal cord patients are less likely to benefit from a discussion-oriented group therapy format. The authors contend that this format may be better suited to those with non-traumatic onset or non-active participation in their disability. Reviewing relevant developmental and personality theory, the authors propose that discussion-oriented group therapy is best suited to individuals with non-traumatic onset or non-active participation in their spinal cord disability.
Job Discrimination Against People With A Cancer History
Authors: Conti John V.
Published: June 2019

Job discrimination against persons with a history of cancer is common and is found at all skill levels and throughout all fields of employment. Irrational fears, lack of current information, and distortions in perception prevent counselors, and society in general, from viewing the work potential of persons with a cancer history objectively. Due to significant improvements in the treatment of some forms of cancer, there is a large new group of young cancer survivors in need of guidance and advocacy to enter or re-enter the job market. Legal protections are in place but largely unused by cancer survivors. Suggestions are offeredfor increasing individual and systemic advocacy for this population, and some recommendations for future effort are made.
Psychosocial Adaptation of Automatic Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Recipients-Implications for the Rehabilitation Counselor
Authors: Konstam Varda , Colburn Carol , Butts Laurie
Published: June 2019

Relatively little is known about the psychological sequalae and rehabilitation needs of individuals who have received an Automatic Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (AICD), a device which identifies and treats life threatening arrhythmias. When an individual is at risk for sudden cardiac death, the AICD discharges electrical shock to the heart which successfully combats the arrhythmia. A questionnaire was self administered to 33 individuals who have been living with the AICD for at least six months. Findings suggested that a significant minority of individuals experienced psychological difficulties, including feelings of anger, depression, and diminished sense of well being. Further study is indicated in order to gain a better understanding of the mediating variables which explain our findings. Clinical implications for the rehabilitation counselor are discussed.
Rehabilitation Counselor Attitudes Towards Working with Clients with AIDS
Authors: Alston Paul P. , Wilkins Laura M. , Holbert Don
Published: June 2019

As the prevalence of individuals with AIDS or who are HN+ increases, and medical treatment extends both life and active functioning, the expectations and responsibilities of rehabilitation counselors to provide services to this group are likely to increase. In order to assess the attitudes of rehabilitation counselors toward working with persons with these problems, a random sample of 500 CRCs was mailed questionnaires regarding counselor attitudes towards providing certain services to clients with AIDS. The study also investigated the perceived relative difficulty of working with clients with AIDS. It was found that 73% of counselors reported being “comfortable” or “neutral” with personal and vocational counseling, but 52% of the respondents were “uncomfortable” contacting employers related to employment for this disability group. Of 13 conditions rated, it was found that counselors believed that clients with AIDS would encounter the greatest difficulty obtaining employment. The potential for counselor stress related to working with new and complex issues in counseling and placement is discussed.
Transition from School to Employment: What Rehabilitation Professionals Consider Important for Individuals with Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Morgan Robert L. , Salzberg Charles L. , Moore Stephen C. , McSweyn Cary A.
Published: June 2019

We mailed a survey questionnaire to directors of employment training programs in six states providing rehabilitation services to individuals with developmental disabilities. We sought information on (a) activities considered important in the process of transition from school to employment, (b) persons participating on the interdisciplinary team who planned the transition and the person primarily responsible, and (c) transition-related goals identified in individual program plans. Our findings indicated that “matching skills to jobs” was considered the most important activity; that different professionals were designated as participants and persons responsible for transition; and that numerous transition-related goals were identified.
Counseling with Persons with Mental Retardation: Issues and Considerations
Authors: Prout H. Thompson , Strohmer Douglas C.
Published: June 2019

This article presents a discussion of issues and considerations in the provision of psychotherapeutic services to persons with mental retardation. This population presents a higher incidence of emotional problems, with the potential for high mental health service needs. Yet, counseling and psychotherapy appears to be rarely utilized with persons with mental retardation. This discussion is based on the premise that counseling and psychotherapy should be a viable treatment and rehabilitation option for individuals with mental retardation who are experiencing emotional difficulties. Clinical biases about providing mental health services to persons with mental retardation, characteristics of “appropriate” clients, components of counseling interventions, developmental adaptations of counseling techniques, and issues in efficacy research are discussed.
Differences Between Elapsed Time to Employment and Employer Selection in Vocational Outcome Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Fabiano Robert J. , Crewe Nancy , Goran David A.
Published: June 2019

Information from medical records and telephone interviews were collected on 94 patients who had enrolled in three post-acute rehabilitation programs for the treatment of traumatic brain injury. Those patients who performed better on neuropsychological testing returned to work sooner (within two years post-injury), had less severe injuries, and were more likely to return to the same employer post-injury. Furthermore, those patients who returned to work with the same employer were more likely to be employed and earned a greater hourly wage than those who returned to a new employer.
Journal Publication as a Professional Practice Activity for Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Coelho Richard J. , La Forge Jan
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this paper is to help rehabilitation practitioners enter the arena of written scholarship and dissemination of knowledge. This article offers practical information on the writing and publishing process. This includes tips on how to select a topic, learn to write effectively, prepare a manuscript for publication, and choose a professional journal. Finally, this paper summarizes the manuscript reviewing process.
The Relationship of Self-Esteem to Attitudes of Personal Attendants Toward Persons With Disabilities
Authors: Garske Gregory G.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes of personal attendants (PAs) toward persons with severe disabilities, their own self-esteem, and the relationship between these two variables. As a group, the PAs demonstrated moderately positive attitudes toward persons with disabilities and positive self-esteem as measured by the Issues in Disabilities Scale and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. It was found that self-esteem was positively related to attitudes toward persons with disabilities.
Applying Beck's Cognitive Therapy to Livneh's Model of Adaptation to Disability
Authors: Stewart Jay R.
Published: June 2019

Rehabilitation Counselors frequently work with individuals who have recently experienced severe traumatic physical injuries. Beck originated cognitive therapy, a comprehensive approach to dealing with dysfunctional cognition and behavior. Livneh has proposed a model of adaptation to traumatic physical injuries with five phases. Each phase contains different cognitive, defensive, behavioral, and emotional reactions to the resulting disabilities. In this article, Beck's cognitive therapy and Livneh's model are combined to produce a comprehensive approach to help individuals in the five phases of reaction to physical trauma. Specific interventions are suggested for dealing with the cognitive, defense mechanisms, and emotional aspects in each phase.
Adaptation Concerns of Families of People with Head Injuries
Authors: Kosciulek John F. , Pichette Eugene F.
Published: June 2019

The adaptation concerns of families of people with head injuries were investigated by administering the Family Adaptation Concerns Questionnaire (FAQ) to 82 primary caregivers of persons with head injuries recruited through the Georgia Head Injury Association. Respondents cited the following as family adaptation strengths: (a) encouragement and support from friends; (b) positive family outlook; (c) availability of a family support group; and (d) family unity, loyalty, and cooperation. Primary family adaptation problems identified included: (a) lack of respite, (b) unavailability of vocational and rehabilitation services, (c) minimal assistance for meeting day-to-day head injury-related needs, (d) inappropriate living situations for the family member with the head injury, and (e) emotional and behavioral problems in the member with the injury. These findings form the basis of a consumer-driven action agenda for public policy, practice, and long-term service provision designed to promote positive family adaptation to head injury.
Clinical Judgment and Bias Due to Client Race or Ethnicity: An Overview with Implications for Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Rosenthal David A. , Kosciulek John F.
Published: June 2019

Rehabilitation counselors are responsible for determining eligibility of clients for services, assessing rehabilitation needs, and developing service plans to meet those needs. Patterns of inequitable treatment of minorities have been documented in all major junctures of the vocational rehabilitation process. This article provides an overview of clinical judgment and discusses stereotypes and prejudice due to client race or ethnicity as potential sources of bias within the rehabilitation counseling process. Implications for rehabilitation counselors are discussed and specific bias reduction strategies are provided.
Rehabilitation Career Planning with Minorities
Authors: Szymanski Edna Mora , Treviño Beatriz , Fernandez Diane
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this manuscript is to explain often overlooked contextual and mediating factors that influence the career development of minorities with disabilities. Literature from rehabilitation, counseling, and vocational psychology is used to provide insights into the influences of the following factors: culture and counselor orientation, castification and history, meaning of disability, independence or interdependence, racial identity and acculturation, language, role models, types of interventions, structural factors and opportunity structures, and gender and ethnicity interactions. Tips are provided for culturally sensitive rehabilitation counseling.
Employment Attitudes and Mental Health of Long-term Unemployed People with Disabilities: Implications for Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Pernice Regina
Published: June 2019

Employment attitudes and mental health of long-term unemployed people with disabilities were investigated in a cross sectional study. During an interview, people selected themselves into four employment attitude groups, those who wanted employment (28%), those who were not able to work (35%), those who had alternatives to employment (30%) and those who were interested in training (7%). Mental health was assessed by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE). The results indicated that mental health was low with high distress and low self-esteem scores evident in the four groups. Implications for rehabilitation counselors are discussed.
Culturally Sensitive Informed Choice Rehabilitation Counseling
Authors: Smart Julie F. , Smart David W.
Published: June 2019

The principle of informed choice has become a cornerstone of rehabilitation service. However, this principle may be more difficult to achieve when client and counselor are from different cultural, linguistic and ethnic backgrounds. This article lists several barriers that can be associated with culturally sensitive informed-choice practices and presents recommendations for practice which address these barriers.
Employer Opinions about Accommodating Employees with Chronic Illnesses
Authors: Roessler Richard T. , Sumner Gary
Published: June 2019

Representing larger corporations in manufacturing, financial services, and retailing, 83 business personnel responded (21% return rate) to a survey addressing chronic illness and job accommodation. Employers reported that their companies had reviewed their job descriptions and developed written accommodation policies following passage of the ADA. Favorably disposed toward a variety of accommodations, respondents expressed concerns about the costs of accommodations and whether accommodations interfered with typical work schedules. Complimentary of employees with chronic illnesses, they voiced some concerns about productivity-related issues. Some evidence of a Catch 22 appeared in that employers were concerned about productivity of employees with chronic illnesses but wary of the cost of job accommodations.
Concepts Related to Inclusion of the Spiritual Component in Services to Persons with Disability and Chronic Illness
Authors: Byrd E. Keith
Published: June 2019

Concepts related to the spiritual component of the rehabilitation client are enumerated and documented by the literature. These concepts include healing, spirituality, logotherapy, bibliotherapy, meditation, religion, worship, God, and Christ. There may be good rationale for inclusion of the spiritual component of the rehabilitation client along with medical, psychological, and vocational services.
Employment Expectation Profiles as a Differential Measure of Employment-Relevant Attitudes Towards People with Disabilities
Authors: Millington Michael J. , Rosenthal David , Lott Alan
Published: June 2019

The ability of the Employment Expectation Questionnaire-Beta version (EEQ-B) to differentially describe employment relevant attitudes towards people with disabilities was investigated. Labels of cognitive disability and gender were manipulated in an analog study. Respondents from a convenience sample of students read stimulus material concerning a job and job applicant and then rated the applicant's qualification for the job. A significant effect was found for disability, but not for gender or interaction effects. Post hoc contrasts suggest that labels of cognitive disability (mental retardation, mental illness, and traumatic brain injury) had a differential effect across the factors of the EEQ-B.
Applying Self Efficacy Theory to Counseling College Students with Disabilities
Authors: Conyers Lisa M. , Enright Mary Schaefer , Strauser David R.
Published: June 2019

Self-Efficacy is a construct that refers to an individual's perception of his or her skills and abilities to act effectively and competently, and how these beliefs influence actions and coping behaviors, the situations and environments that individuals choose to access, and their persistence in performing certain tasks (Bandura, 1977). This paper provides an overview of Bandura's self-efficacy theory, specifically discussing efficacy expectations, sources of efficacy expectations and perception, and interpretation of efficacy information. Applications of self-efficacy theory to college students with disabilities will be discussed in terms of assisting individuals in dealing with academic concerns, career development, and social integration.
JUST DOING IT: Helping People with Mental Illness Get Good Jobs
Authors: Marrone Joe , Gandolfo Cecilia , Gold Martine , Hoff David
Published: June 2019

This article presents the authors' suggestions on practical marketing, job development, and accommodation techniques as well as pitfalls to avoid in helping people with psychiatric disabilities find employment and careers in the community. The article also presents the theoretical underpinnings for the concrete “How To's” offered. Concepts discussed include identifying the customer, taking a “feature-benefit” and a customer service approach to marketing, creating a decision tree for disclosure of disability, and outlining effective strategies for countering objections raised by employers.
Matriculation of Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: Perceptions of Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Alston Reginald J. , Hampton Joseph L. , Bell Tyronn J. , Strauss Mark
Published: June 2019

Employment in science and engineering will be an extremely vital component of the nation's workforce in the next century. Persons with disabilities as a source of professionals for science and engineering remains largely untapped. The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the perceptions of rehabilitation counselors regarding clients' educational preparedness and aptitude to meet the academic and employment demands of science and engineering as well as their perceptions of barriers to career entry into the fields for persons with disabilities. Implications of the findings for the matriculation of persons with disabilities in science and engineering are discussed.