bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of Human Machine Interface through vision-based low-cost Hand Gesture Recognition system based on deep CNN
Authors: Sen Abir , Mishra Tapas Kumar , Dash Ratnakar
Published: July 2022

In this work, a real-time hand gesture recognition system-based human-computer interface (HCI) is presented. The system consists of six stages: (1) hand detection, (2) gesture segmentation, (3) use of six pre-trained CNN models by using the transfer-learning method, (4) building an interactive human-machine interface, (5) development of a gesture-controlled virtual mouse, (6) use of Kalman filter to estimate the hand position, based on that the smoothness of the motion of pointer is improved. Six pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) models such as VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, ResNet101, Inception-V1, and MobileNet-V1 have been used to classify hand gesture images. Three multi-class datasets (two publicly and one custom) have been used to validate the models. Considering the models' performances, it is observed that Inception-V1 has significantly shown a better classification performance compared to the other five pre-trained models in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F-score values. The gesture recognition system is expanded and used to control some desktop applications (such as VLC player, audio player, file management, playing 2D Super-Mario-Bros game, etc.) with different customized gesture commands in real-time scenarios. The average speed of this system has reached 35 fps (frame per second), which meets the requirements for the real-time scenario. We have also shown the performance analysis of gesture-controlled applications and obtained the average response time (ms) for each control of every application in the real-time scenario. This model will be beneficial for physically disabled people interacting with the desktops.
Generalized Pareto Regression Trees for extreme event analysis
Authors: Farkas Sébastien , Heranval Antoine , Lopez Olivier , Thomas Maud
Published: July 2022

This papers derives finite sample results to assess the consistency of Generalized Pareto regression trees introduced by Farkas et al. [2021] as tools to perform extreme value regression for heavy-tailed distributions. This procedure allows one to constitute clusters of similar tail behaviors depending on the value of the covariates, based on a recursive partition of the sample and simple model selection rules. The results we provide are obtained from concentration inequalities, and are valid for a finite sample size. A misspecification bias that arises from the use of a Peaks over Threshold approach is also taken into account. Moreover, the derived properties legitimate the pruning strategies, that is the model selection rules, used to select a proper tree that achieves a compromise between simplicity and good fit. The methodology is illustrated through a simulation study, and a real data application in insurance against natural disasters.
Super-resolution deep learning reconstruction at coronary computed tomography angiography to evaluate the coronary arteries and in-stent lumen: An initial experience
Authors: Orii Makoto , Sone Misato , Osaki Takeshi , Ueyama Yuta , Chiba Takuya , Sasaki Tadashi , Yoshioka Kunihiro
Published: July 2022

The present study aimed to compare the image quality of the coronary arteries and in-stent lumen between super-resolution deep learning reconstruction (SR-DLR) and model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR). We prospectively enrolled 50 patients (median age, 68 years; interquartile range [IQR], 59–74 years; 34 men) who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) using a 320-detector row CT scanner between January and April 2022. The image noise in the ascending aorta, left atrium, and septal wall of the ventricle was measured, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in the proximal coronary arteries were calculated. Of the ten stents, stent strut thickness and luminal diameter were quantitatively evaluated. The image noise on SR-DLR was significantly lower than that on MBIR (median 22.1 HU; IQR, 19.1–24.5 HU vs. 27.4 HU; IQR, 24.1–31.1 HU, p < 0.01), whereas the SNR (median 16.3; IQR, 12.0–22.0 vs. 13.9; IQR, 9.8–19.2, p = 0.03) and CNR (median 25.2; IQR, 16.9–30.8 vs. 19.5; IQR, 14.5–23.7, p < 0.01) on SR-DLR were significantly higher than that on MBIR. Stent struts were significantly thinner (median, 0.66 mm; IQR, 0.61–0.72 mm vs. 0.80 mm; IQR, 0.68–0.86 mm, p < 0.01) and in-stent lumens were significantly larger (median, 1.82 mm; IQR, 1.57-1.95 mm vs. 1.34 mm; IQR, 1.26–1.60 mm, p < 0.01) on SR-DLR than on MBIR. This study’s initial experience with SR-DLR improves the image quality of the coronary arteries and in-stent lumen at CCTA compared with conventional MBIR.
Bedside zero-fluoroscopy temporary permanent pacemaker implantation in the electrical storm treatment under the guidance of EnSite 3D system: A case report
Authors: Wang Lei , Li Pengfei , li Jun , Xi Jicheng , Zhang Zhibiao , Yan Fang , Zhang Yanan , Wang Haixiong , Han Huiyuan
Published: July 2022

Background: Electrical storm (ES) is a clinical emergency characterized by multiple malignant ventricular arrhythmias or ICD discharges within 24 h, requiring early rational management. Case presentation: we report a 55-year-old man who underwent aortic valve replacement experienced recurrent ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation. A temporary permanent pacemaker with the EnSite system was implanted, and significant inhibition of the electrical storm, attributed to the atrial overdrive pacing, ensued. Conclusions: In emergency regarding an electrical storm, the bedside temporary permanent pacemaker implantation with the EnSite system is concluded to be feasible and safe.
Treatment of Long COVID with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and tocilizumab in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and SARS-CoV-2 antigen persistence: a case report
Authors: Visvabharathy Lavanya , Orban Zachary S. , Koralnik Igor J.
Published: July 2022

Background
Long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) in ~ 30% of all infected individuals. Here, we present a case of PASC in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis characterized by viral persistence in the nasopharynx for 6 months after acute infection. We demonstrate transient disappearance of antigen persistence and decreased antiviral and autoimmune T cell responses after nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and tocilizumab treatment.
Case Presentation:
A 37-year-old female with a 7-year history of rheumatoid arthritis enrolled in a COVID-19 research study was found to continuously test SARS-CoV-2 antigen positive in the nasopharynx for 6 months after acute infection. She simultaneously presented with new-onset PASC symptoms including chronic occipital headache and periods of intense fatigue 8 weeks after acute infection. The patient was prescribed nirmatrelvir/ritonavir to treat SARS-CoV-2 persistence at 3.5 months post-acute infection and observed a reduction in PASC symptoms 3 weeks after completing antiviral treatment. After resurgence of PASC symptoms, she stopped treatment with tocilizumab for rheumatoid arthritis to attempt complete SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance. The severity of the patient’s PASC symptoms subsequently increased, and she developed new-onset brain fog in addition to previous symptoms, which resolved after resumption of tocilizumab treatment. Assessment of adaptive immune responses demonstrated that nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and tocilizumab treatment decreased antiviral and autoreactive T cell activation. After resuming tocilizumab treatment, the patient’s PASC symptoms were significantly reduced, but nasopharyngeal antigen positivity remained.
Conclusions
These data suggest that nirmatrelvir/ritonavir should be considered in the treatment of PASC in patients who have SARS-CoV-2 antigen persistence, though care must be taken to monitor the patient for symptom resurgence or viral reactivation. In addition, the IL-6 inhibitor tocilizumab may ameliorate PASC symptoms in patients with persistent headache, fatigue, and brain fog.
SUMY CHILDREN’S PARK “KAZKA” FROM THE MID-1980S OF THE 20TH CENTURY
- TO THE EARLY 21ST CENTURY: GENESIS, PECULIARITIES OF WORK AND THE
FUNCTIONING PROBLEMS
Authors: Chyzhov O. I
Published: July 2022

The paper analyses the reasons for the genesis, creation history, structural arrangement, fields of work, and problems in the functioning of Sumy Children’s Park “Kazka” from the mid1980s of the 20th century - to the early 21st century.
In the study course, it has been concluded that the “Kazka” children’s park appeared in
Sumy due to the need to streamline the territory of the city center. The children’s park creation was initiated by the then head of the city A. Lushpa. The prototype for the park in Sumy was the children’s playground “Kazka” in Mykolaiv. In fact, the park creation began in a directive way with the financial burden-shifting for the work execution from budgetary funds to the city enterprises’ funds, which was not uncommon under the Soviet totalitarian regime. At the same time, the children’s park was created in a short time due to the well-coordinated work of many enterprises and organizations in the city, which were helped by thousands of Sumy residents on a voluntary basis.
The created park “Kazka” was a unique architectural complex on a fairy-tale topic with
diverse cultural and entertainment facilities and offered visitors leisure activities for every taste. The significant amount and variety of park cultural-mass work in the first years of its existence were explained by the help, made on a voluntary basis, from a large number of local institutions and organizations. Because of its uniqueness, the park “Kazka” has become widely known throughout the country. At the same time, the flourishing of the park “Kazka” activities fell in the first years of its existence, which is largely dependent on the specific methods of the institution work organization, being typical of the Soviet economic and political systems. Those systems ceased to function effectively with the fall of the Communist Party regime. At the turn of the 1980s and 1990s, problems began to arise in front of the park due to socio-economic changes in the country. The major of them was the problem of lack of funds. Under market conditions, reliable sources of the park work financing by the city authorities disappeared due to rising prices, a decrease in the population solvency, etc. “Kazka” park’s income from paid services did not allow to resolve the institution’s financial situation. Since the second half of the 1990s, the park began to rapidly decline. Some of the unique architectural objects of the park were lost. In general, city authorities in the 1990s - at the beginning of the 21st century little dealt with the problems of the children’s park “Kazka”, and its restoration in 2003 was caused by the desire to create an eye-catching picture of the city’s improvement in front of the government delegation. This restoration has never been completed.
Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) Spectroscopy Coupled with Principal Component Analysis and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Assay for the Detection of Porcine and Bovine Gelatins in Dental Materials
Authors:   International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia, 50738 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Irfanita Nining , Lestari Widya ,   Department of Oral Biology, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia, Mirghani Mohamed Elwathig Saeed ,   International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia, 50738 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Jaswir Irwandi ,   International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia, 50738 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Octavianti Fitri ,   Avicenna Dental Clinic, Taman Danau Kota, 53300 Setapak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Haris Muhammad Salahuddin ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
Published: July 2022

Muslims are prohibited from consuming products that contain pig products and their derivatives, including porcine gelatin. Medical and dental products are not exempt from the use of gelatin in their formulation. This study employs attenuated total reflectance- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) coupled with principal component analysis (PCA) to detect and distinguish between porcine and bovine gelatins in dental materials. The results were further verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Species-specific primers targeting the 212 bp porcine cytochrome b and 271 bp bovine cytochrome b genes were used to amplify DNA in nine dental material samples. Detection and distinction of gelatin standards (bovine and porcine) against gelatin present in the dental materials was achieved using ATR-FTIR combined with PCA within wavenumber 1756 cm–1–1584 cm–1 (Amide I and Amide II). The detection limit for DNA was 0.001 ng/μL and 0.0001 ng/μL for bovine and porcine gelatins, respectively. Using PCR, one sample, BDM 01, was found to contain both porcine and bovine DNA, while one sample (BDM 14) was found to be positive for bovine DNA. The findings suggest that ATR-FTIR combined with PCA and conventional PCR are applicable for the identification of porcine and bovine gelatin in dental materials.
Microchemistry and magnesium isotope composition of the Purang ophiolitic chromitites (SW Tibet): New genetic inferences
Authors: Xiong Fahui , Zoheir Basem , Robinson Paul T. , Wirth Richard , Xu Xiangzhen , Qiu Tian , Sun Yi
Published: July 2022

New petrographic and microanalytical studies of mineral inclusions in the Purang ophiolitic chromitites (SW Tibet) are used to scrutinize the evolution of the associated Cretaceous sub-oceanic lithospheric mantle section. Silicate inclusions in the chromite grains include composite and single-phase orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, amphibole, and uvarovite. Most inclusions are sub-rounded or globular, whereas a few inclusions exhibit cubic/octahedral crystal morphologies. The latter are randomly distributed in the large chromite grains, though discrete aggregates are consistently confined to the grain centers. Abundant micrometer-scale, clinopyroxene inclusions are topotaxially aligned along crystallographic planes. Less-abundant sulfide, wüstite, apatite, and uvarovite inclusions are observed in some samples.

The trace element geochemistry of the Purang chromitite evoke parental MORB- and boninite-like melts, consistent with the supra-subduction zone setting. The δ26Mg values of the high-Cr and high-Al chromitites range from –0.25 to –0.29‰ and –0.05 to –0.32‰, respectively. The associated harzburgite has nearly overlapping δ26Mg values of –0.13 to –0.37‰, but pyroxenite sills show distinct δ26Mg values (–0.61 to –0.67‰). The variable Mg isotope signatures, combined with abundant exotic, ultrahigh-pressure and super reduced (UHP-SuR) mineral inclusions in the chromite grains, suggest that recycling and recrystallization under different mantle conditions played an important role in the genesis and evolution of these rocks. Furthermore, discrete silicate, sulfide, and metal alloy inclusions in the Purang chromitites are comparable to those reported in other Tethyan ophiolites, and collectively suggest a common geodynamic evolution.
Hydrothermal fluid signatures of the Yulong porphyry Cu-Mo deposit: Clues from the composition and U-Pb dating of W-bearing rutile
Authors: Chen Qi , Wang Changming , Bagas Leon , Du Bin , Shi Kangxing , Zhu Jiaxuan
Published: July 2022

Hydrothermal rutile (TiO2) is a widely distributed accessory mineral in hydrothermal veins or alteration assemblages of porphyry deposits and provides important information for further understanding hydrothermal fluid signatures. This study determines the geochemical composition and U-Pb dates of hydrothermal rutile from the Yulong porphyry Cu-Mo deposit in east Tibet, China. Three types of TiO2 polymorphs have been identified based on their Raman spectroscopic, textural, and chemical characteristics. (1) Brookite and anatase pseudomorphs after titanite in a fine-grained matrix, indicating low-temperature hydrothermal fluids destabilizing primary Ti-bearing minerals during argillic alteration (type-I). (2) Elongated and prismatic rutile present in hydrothermal veins or in clusters in accompanying alteration envelope characterized by weak zoning (type-II). And (3) rutile intergrown with sulfides in hydrothermal veins, characterized by well-developed patchy and sector zoning (type-III). In contrast to the type-I and type-II TiO2 polymorphs, tungsten is enriched in backscattered bright patches and sector zones in type-III rutile, which is due to the substitution of W6+ in the Ti4+ octahedral site. The mechanism of the enrichment of tungsten is effectively driven by the halogen-rich (F, Cl) aqueous fluids during hydrothermal mineralization. In situ U-Pb dating of the type-III rutile yields a lower intercept age of 41.8 ± 1.2 Ma, which brackets the timing of the Cu-Mo mineralization. The relationship between rutile textures and composition indicates that W-bearing rutile can serve as a recorder of hydrothermal processes in porphyry Cu deposits.
Magnetic contributions to corundum-eskolaite and corundum-hematite phase equilibria: A DFT cluster expansion study
Authors: Pope Daniel J. , Clark Aurora E. , Prange Micah P. , Rosso Kevin M.
Published: July 2022

Magnetic contributions have the potential to significantly influence predicted phase stability within alloy and mineral mixing phase diagrams, yet have been historically challenging to incorporate due to a significant increase to phase space sampling. In this work, we employ a computational protocol that includes spin orientation as an additional configurational component within multi-component cluster expansions between magnetic and non-magnetic metal oxide alloys [calculated using density functional theory (DFT) and the generalized gradient approximation]. This approach was used to determine the effect of magnetic contributions to corundum-eskolaite and corundum-hematite phase equilibria from first principles.

Two-component cluster expansions of the magnetic components of eskolaite and hematite were first performed showing the ability of this method to properly calculate their respective magnetic properties. Two-component cluster expansions were then performed for non-magnetic Al(III) and ferromagnetic Cr(III) and Fe(III), and phase diagrams were calculated for later comparison. Finally, a non-magnetic Al(III) and “up” and “down” magnetic configurations for anti-ferromagnetic Cr(III) and Fe(III) were performed. Magnetic contributions to the calculated phase diagram for the corundumeskolaite system were shown to be inconsequential but are vital for accurate determination of the corundum-hematite solvus.
Perceptions of the sugar-sweetened beverage tax amongst tertiary accounting students in South Africa: a comparative study
Authors: Reddy Jankeeparsad Thanesha , Jankeeparsad Raphael
Published: July 2022

An excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverages to reduce excessive sugar consumption in South Africa came into effect on 1 April 2018. This study aimed to investigate perceptions of a limited sample of South Africans regarding the sugar-sweetened beverages tax based on certain economic factors, and whether participants perceived any likely benefit from the tax. These perceptions were compared with perceptions identified in selected foreign jurisdictions that have levied such a tax. A survey questionnaire was selected as the primary method of data collection. This questionnaire was administered to post-graduate Accounting students, aged twenty-one years and older, studying at three residential universities in South Africa. An extensive analysis of literature available on sugar-sweetened beverage taxes, both locally and internationally, was conducted. The two main constructs (construct 1: perception of the sugar-sweetened beverage tax and the price of sugar-sweetened beverages and construct 2: the social impact of the sugar-sweetened beverage tax) were analyzed using descriptive statistics. This study found that there is a significant association between gender and perception that the sugary beverage levy will be beneficial to health, with female perceptions of the benefit of the sugary beverage levy being greater than that of males. The study found that perception of the sugar-sweetened beverage tax may depend on several factors, closely linked to individual beliefs and cultures, and thus different populations may have different perceptions of the tax. The findings about sugar-sweetened beverage consumption trends across gender, ethnicities and physical activity groups can help guide targeted strategies to reduce consumption.
When the Detail of Organism Makes the Difference in the Seascape: Different Tissues of Phallusia nigra Have Distinct Hg Concentrations and Show Differences Resolution in Spatial Pollution
Authors: Martinez Sabrina , Felix Caio , Sorrentino Rayane , Cruz Igor , de Andrade Jailson
Published: July 2022

This study indicates the use of Phallusia nigra as a potential biomonitor of mercury contamination. In this way, Hg levels were measured in seawater and different parts of ascidians (tunic, hepatopancreas, and branchial basket) from eight different sites in the Todos os Santos Bay, Salvador-Bahia. The ascidians were lyophilized, weighed, and taken to the DMA-80 (direct mercury analyzer); the method accuracy was confirmed by analyzing the certified material DORM- 4 muscle tissue and MEES-3 marine sediment with a confidence level of 95%. The results were evaluated through the Tukey’s test and it was possible to observe a higher concentration of Hg (82.00-312.7 ng g-1) in the branchial basket, followed by the hepatopancreas (69.67‑130.7 ng g-1) and tunic (21.63-33.27 ng g-1). Thus, the branchial basket was the only tissue capable of identifying spatial differences in pollution between the points.
Simulation of flood hazard, prioritization of critical sub-catchments, and resilience study in an urban setting using PCSWMM: a case study
Authors: Manchikatla Sagar Kumar , Umamahesh N. V.
Published: July 2022

Due to the dual pressure of rapid urbanization and climate change, urban flooding has become more common. Thus, for effective planning and mitigation strategies, it is of paramount interest to quantify the generated runoff and prioritize the urban critical sub-catchments. The present study investigates flood inundation in Hyderabad urban setting (zone-XII, zone-IV&V) using the Personal Computer Storm Water Management Model (PCSWMM) and prioritizes the critical sub-catchments using the compromise programming method (CPM) and PCSWMM. In addition, the system resilience is examined by integrating PCSWMM with GIS. The model simulation is performed for a 264 h (11 days) rainfall event that occurred in October 2020. The outcomes from the simulation are found to be satisfactory and in agreement with the field water logging points (WLPs). The inundation map results are validated with social media markers (SMMs). The critical sub-catchments are prioritized based on PCSWMM by runoff results and CPM by considering WLPs, slope and impervious percentage of sub-catchments as input criteria. The Integrated 1D-2D PCSWMM is used to examine the inundation velocity and depth. An urban flood hazard (UFH) map is generated to identify optimal low impact developments (LIDs). Subsequently, the present study showed how storage can improve the catchment capability and resilience of urban settings to tackle the excess stormwater.
Investigation of quantitative and qualitative changes in groundwater of Ardebil plain using ensemble artificial intelligence-based modeling
Authors: Sarreshtedar Ayda , Sharghi Elnaz , Afkhaminia Amin , Nourani Vahid , Ng Anne
Published: July 2022

Groundwater is an essential source to supply water for various sectors. This paper aimed to predict the quantitative and qualitative changes in groundwater over time and to evaluate the efficiency of different modeling methods. This study is based on three steps. In the first step, quantitative and qualitative piezometers were clustered by the Growing Neural Gas Network (GNG) method, and the central piezometer of each cluster was used on behalf of each cluster. In the second step, four different Artificial Intelligence (AI) models were applied, namely Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Emotional Artificial Neural Network (EANN). As a post-processing approach three different ensemble methods were used: simple average ensemble (SAE), weighted average ensemble (WAE), and nonlinear neural network ensemble (NNE). In the third step, the outputs of single AI models were used to enhance the evaluation results. Therefore, the results demonstrate that the NNE led to reach the better performance for three GWL, TDS, and TH parameters up to 37, 29, and 23% on average, respectively. Study results will lead to the improvement of AI applications in groundwater research and will benefit groundwater development plans.
Butyrate Inhibits Gastric Cancer Cells by Inducing Mitochondriamediated
Apoptosis
Authors: Wang Fangyan , Huang Yingpeng , Zhang Ke , Ji Xiawei , Song Zhengyang , Wu Fangquan , Qu Yue , Jin Xiaofeng , Xue Xiangyang
Published: July 2022

Background:

Gastric cancer (GC) remains a common cause of cancer death in East
Asia. Current treatment strategies for GC, including medical and surgical interventions, are suboptimal.
Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by the intestinal flora, has been reported to be
able to inhibit gastric carcinogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of butyrate on
human GC and its underlying mechanisms.

Materials and Methods:

Human GC cell lines BGC-823 and SGC-7901, human GC tissues and
adjacent normal tissues were used for this study. Cell proliferation was assessed using CCK-8 and
EdU staining. TUNEL fluorescence and Annexin V/PI staining were adopted for qualitative and
quantitative evaluation of cell apoptosis, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay was
performed to analyse mitochondrial function. Real-time q-PCR and western blot were carried out
to examine the expression of apoptosis-related genes and the synthesis of apoptosis-related proteins.
The association between G protein-coupled receptor 109a (GPR109a) and GC prognosis was
analyzed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

Results:

CCK-8 and EdU staining confirmed inhibitory activities of butyrate against human GC
cells. Annexin V/PI staining and TUNEL fluorescence microscopy showed that butyrate promoted
GC cell apoptosis. No difference in the expression of GPR109a was found between GC tissues and
adjacent normal tissues, and no direct association between GPR109a and GC prognosis was discovered,
suggesting that GPR109a may not be a key factor mediating the apoptosis of GC cells.
Butyrate increased the synthesis of caspase 9 and decreased BCL-2, the well-known effector and
regulator of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, and significantly induced mitochondrial ROS.

Conclusions:

Collectively, our results suggest that butyrate is able to inhibit the proliferation of GC
cells and induce GC apoptosis, possibly via a mitochondrial pathway.
Application of Herbs and Dietary Supplements in ADHD Management
Authors: Mallya Rashmi , Naik Beena , Momin Munira
Published: July 2022

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder, which is characterised by a distinct clinical pattern of inattention, hyperactivity as well as impulsivity, which in turn interferes with the day-to-day activities of the affected individual. Although conventional allopathic medications have been found to provide symptomatic relief, they are accompanied by a plethora of side effects that overshadow and outweigh the potential therapeutic benefits. Hence, various alternative approaches in the management of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are actively being investigated. Over the past few decades, numerous studies have been initiated and have delved into potential alternative strategies in the treatment and management of ADHD. The primary focus of this article is to discuss the etiology, pathophysiology coupled with a financial background as well as alternative strategies in the treatment and management of ADHD. A review of the literature on the clinical trialson alternative treatment approaches for ADHD showed that, plants and dietary supplements have beneficial effects on ADHD management. But in-depth studies still need to be conducted because the trials reported till now have a smaller sample size and need to be scaled up to get a broader understanding and knowledge of the potential impact of alternative forms of natural treatment on the patient population with ADHD. Also, the manufacturer of the alternative formulations needs to develop effective protocols and processes for the safe, effective, and robust manufacturing of such natural remedies, which fall in line with the expectation of the FDA to gain regulatory clearance for its manufacturing and sale, which can lead to better therapeutic outcomes in patients.
The Versatile Potential of Fungi in Human Life
Authors: Ajmeera Divya , Sabesan Gokul Shankar , Ajmera Shanthipriya
Published: July 2022

Fungi play a major role in the well-being of human life as they are involved
in health and nutrition processes on a large scale and are a major component of the
global economy. Furthermore, they are the natural nutrient recyclers in the environment
and thus balance the ecosystem. Also, through mycorhizal relationships, the fungi help
in enhancing soil fertility by increasing the surface area for absorption of nutrients such
as phosphorous, nitrogen, sulfur, etc., and other minerals such as zinc and copper. As
fungi interact with various plant pathogens affecting crop production, they can be used
as Microbial biological control agents or biopesticides and can be replaced for the
usage of hazardous chemical pesticides for controlling plant pathogens. Here, we tried
to explain the fungal importance to mankind and the ecosystem by listing its various
applications in human life.
Mycobiota - Role in Soil Health and as Biocontrol Agent
Authors: Vanitha S. , Padma A. Sai
Published: July 2022

Soil health or soil quality is governed by a continuous, functional interplay
between the soil and its microbiota, plants and animals. Soil quality is crucial for
sustainable agriculture production and for nurturing the health of all living organisms.
It is therefore in the best interest of society to prioritize sustainable soil management
practices for future generations. Microbes play a vital role in maintaining ecosystems
by coordinating with plants to facilitate nutrient and organic matter cycling. A
consortium of fungi plays a critical role in degrading and transforming dead organic
matter into suitable forms that can be reused by other organisms. As ecosystem
regulators, fungi enhance the structure of soil formation and regulate physiological
processes within the soil, making it a supportive habitat for other living organisms.
They also help in controlling plant diseases and pest infestations by acting as biocontrol
agents. Understanding the roles of fungi and soil enzymes in the earth’s
biogeochemical cycles can facilitate improved agricultural productivity and
sustainability. For example, increasing the diversity of beneficial fungi in a habitat
improves soil fertility, supporting sustainable production of plant based products while
mitigating the application of undesirable chemicals as pest control agents.
Fungi Role in Soil Fertility
Authors: Walia Arnav , Paul Debarati , Mukherjee Soma , D. Madhusudhan Reddy
Published: July 2022

Fungi are an important component of microbial ecology. These are a
community of eukaryotic species and food sources, organic acids, alcohol, antibiotics,
growth-enhancing compounds, enzymes, and amino acids. Fungi contain many
microorganisms under the expanse, which include molds, yeasts, and mushrooms. The
function of fungi primarily includes the biodegradation of organic waste material and
the action on cellulose, lignins, gums, and other organic compounds. Fungi are present
everywhere, i.e., they are cosmopolitan, surviving the wide range of pH and
temperature. Fungi play a key role in numerous biological cycles, including mineral
and water absorption, chemical transition, stomatal activity, and biosynthesis of
substances, including biostimulants, auxins, lignan, and ethylene, increasing the
functionality of plant species to identify and cope with adaptive challenges, such as
drought, salinity, humidity, cold and significant metals. The interaction of fungi with
plants can be represented by three terms, namely, mutualism (mycorrhizal association),
pathogenicity (parasitic fungi), and nutrient cycling (saprophytic fungi). The
application of cultivating fungi as a soil quality booster has been highlighted as it
produces various extracellular enzymes, which are integral components of nutrient
cycling within natural and disturbed ecosystems.
Mycorrhizae as Bioinoculants and their Molecular Studies
Authors: K Sanjeev Kumar , Desai Revathi , Pindi Pavan Kumar
Published: July 2022

 Several studies on bioinoculants have been conducted in order to address
the most serious threat to our nation's security, namely food security. This problem can
be solved by re-evaluating our practises and skills in order to increase food production
through the use of sustainable farming methods. Several microorganisms can be found
in rhizospheric soils in nature. These organisms solubilize nutrients and facilitate
nutrient uptake by plant roots, promoting plant growth through natural processes such
as nutrient cycling and absorption, stress tolerance, immunity induction, and so on.
Microbes include mycorrhizae, cyanobacteria, bacteria, actinomycetes, and others.
Plant growth-promoting microorganisms rely heavily on mycorrhizae (PGPM). So far,
seven different types of mycorrhizae have been identified. The arbuscular and
ectomycorrhizal fungi are the most numerous and widespread mycorrhizae. Arbuscular
mycorrhizae (AM) fungi are important in improving soil physicochemical properties
and interacting with other PGPM such as phosphate solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen
fixers, and so on. Chemical fertilisers used in agricultural fields reduce AM and its
potency. Because these organisms cannot be cultured, PCR techniques can be used to
obtain sufficient amounts of DNA from them. The focus of this chapter has been on
arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) fungi. An attempt was made to study AM fungi
colonisation using PCR in order to better understand its efficiency. Such research
contributes to the goal of transforming food insecurity into food security.
Mushroom Cultivation Using Agricultural Wastes
Authors: Krishnappa M. , Kantharaja R. , Puneeth M.
Published: July 2022

Mushrooms are protein-rich, highly nutritive, popular food around the
world. The cultivation of mushrooms has been in practice for decades. Studies have
been conducted to utilize the agricultural waste, and agro-forest remains as the
substrate for mushroom production. Agri wastes such as wheat straw, paddy straw,
bran, coffee grounds, banana leaves, sawdust, etc., are highly used, and the availability
of such substrates is not common among the cultivating areas. Besides the development
of new protocols and the invention of a perfect combination of the substrate and
supplements is an ongoing interest in the mushroom production industry. In Karnataka,
agricultural remains such as areca husk, sugar cane bagasse, paddy straw, and maize
stem are available to use for mushroom cultivation. Also, agro-forest residues like
Cassia tora are a substantial material to turn waste into the substrate. This chapter is an
approach towards such substrate utilization to improve the economy of the farmer
community and a promotion towards sustainable mushroom production.
Fungal Metabolites: Industrial Applications and Challenges
Authors: Sawant Amol , Sajwan Hemlata , Rao V Koteswara
Published: July 2022

Fungi are the second largest group of eukaryotes and play a vital role in the
biological system. These fungi are cell factories that produce a variety of industrially
important secondary metabolites (SM) that are beneficial for humans, animals, and the
environment. Microorganisms are a rich source of natural compounds with a significant
commercial value; on the other hand, they produce low-quality products that may not
satisfy industrial standards for commercialization. Numerous fungal species produce
key industrial enzymes, antibiotics, anticancer drugs, cholesterol-lowering drugs, and
immunosuppressants. Antibiotics belonging to the β lactam family are the most often
prescribed antibiotics worldwide. Penicillin has a core structure, 6-amino penicillanic
acid (6-APA), interwoven with the ß-lactam ring and drives the development of
semisynthetic antibiotics. Several dermatophytoses are treated with griseofulvin (GRI),
and mycophenolic acid (MPA), and the cholesterol-lowering drugs (lovastatin and
compactin) are produced from Aspergillus and Penicillium species, respectively. The
SM is also effective against most of the pandemic novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2),
human immuno virus (HIV), and influenza virus (H1N1) strains protease inhibitors that
limit virus propagation. Furthermore, natural antioxidants (amanitin, ferulic acid,
resveratrol, and flavonoids) are synthetically conjugated or co-crystallized with active
SM for clinical uses. Many biosynthetic gene clusters, comparative genomics, and
functional transcripts are encoded in fungal genomes, reigniting interest in discovering
new compounds. The strong transcriptional regulation likely clarifies the metabolic
routes in the genome. Viable approaches necessitate the availability of genome
sequences, molecular tools, and a strategy tailored to alter the genomes of specific
strains for industrially significant molecules. Researchers have devised a new strategy
for strain generation of various genetic engineering tools, involving recombinant DNA
technology, protein engineering, metabolite flux pathways, and synthetic biology
approaches, using a basic understanding of genetic makeup.
Biotechnological Production of Various Fungal Metabolites and their Applications in White Biotechnology
Authors: Bhukya Bhima , Banoth Chandrasekhar , Keshav Praveen K. , Hussain MD. Saddam , Ajmera Shanthipriya
Published: July 2022

The rapid growth of science and technology resulted in an increase in the production and utilization of chemical-based value-added compounds. Due to the involvement of greenhouse gases and global warming, there is a shift towards alternative strategies to replace chemical-based value-added products. Primary and secondary metabolites produced by various microorganisms could be an effective and environmentally friendly alternative to chemically manufactured value-added products. Metabolites produced from various fungal strains (filamentous fungi and yeast) are of high importance for their widespread applications in the food, agriculture, and pharmaceutical sectors. These value-added bioproducts include biofuel (bioethanol), organic acids (citric acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, and cis, cis-muconic acid), hydrolytic enzymes (cellulases, xylanase, phytase, lipase, ligninolytic enzymes, and proteases), vitamins, amino acids, antibiotics, drug molecules, and other industrialrelevant chemicals. Advances in industrial microbiology and biotechnology by metabolic engineering, protein engineering, systems biology, and synthetic biology led to the analysis and discovery of novel metabolic pathways and successive heterologous expression of metabolites of commercial importance. This chapter highlights the biotechnological production of a few relevant primary and secondary metabolites by both filamentous and unicellular fungi.
Mycosynthesis of Nanoparticles and their Applications
Authors: Shanker A. Shiva , Rajesh N. , Kumar Pindi Pavan
Published: July 2022

Nanotechnology refers to the creation and application of materials at the nanoscale up to 100 nm in size. Metallic nanoparticles, specifically gold, silver, alloy, etc. are being applied for multiple purposes, from medical treatments, industrial production, including solar and oxide fuel batteries for energy storage, to large incorporation into diverse materials of everyday use such as cosmetics or clothes, optical devices, catalytic, bactericidal, electronic, sensor technology, biological labeling and treatment of some cancers. Nanoparticles can be synthesized chemically or biologically. Nature is like a large “bio-laboratory” comprising of plants, algae, fungi, yeast, etc., which are constituted of biomolecules. Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles is attractive due to the production of large quantities of proteins, high yields, easy handling, and low toxicity of the residues. Naturally occurring biomolecules have been recognized to play an effective role in the formation of nanoparticles with clear-cut shapes and sizes, thereby acting as driving forces for the designing of greener, safe, and environmentally good protocols for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Mycosynthesis was easy, cheap and eco-friendly, with simple nanoparticle downstream processing. Hence, in this book chapter, an emphasis has been given to mycosynthesis of nanoparticles, discussing the mechanisms and optimization of the synthesis, as well as the applications.
Thermophilic Fungi and their Applications in Biotechnology
Authors: Jayagoudar Santoshkumar , Ramesh Ch , Kumar Pradeep , Banyal Aditya , Rekadwad Bhagwan , Merugu Ramchander , Nõges Tiina , Kumar Rahul
Published: July 2022

Thermophilic fungi survive at a growth temperature above 45°C. Although widely spread in the terrestrial region, they have remained underexplored, diverging from other thermophiles of eubacteria and archaea. Thermophilic fungi elicited a lot of interest due to their ability to produce thermostable and thermotolerant compounds with practical applications in the field of biotechnology. Studies on growth kinetics, physiology, supplement uptake, and protein breakdown rate in thermophilic fungi have provided important information on these fungi. Thermophilic fungi can degrade biomass such as polysaccharides into monomers. The characteristics of their enzymes show contrasts among species, just as among strains of comparative species. Some extracellular compounds separated from thermophilic fungi are commercially produced, and a couple of others have the potential due to financial advantages.
Thermophilic fungal genes encoding lipase, protease, and various other vital enzymes have been cloned and overexpressed in heterologous fungi for understanding the mechanisms of their natural thermostability and catalysis.
The instrumentalized perception of english for competitiveness: a case study
Authors: Peláez Oscar A. , Echeverri Luisa Fernanda , Castrillón Edison F.
Published: July 2022

Language policies in Colombia have promoted English as a language for competitiveness. This instrumentalized notion of the language disregards the cultural and cognitive benefits of the process of language learning. Furthermore, little is known about how this utilitarian perception permeates the way in which pre-service teachers develop their practices. This study intends to reflect on how this perception of language relates to the development of the pre-service teachers’ practice. The qualitative approach was used to carried out this research under the perspectives of the interpretive paradigm. The study participants were three pre-service teachers and two students. To collect the information, the semi-structured interview and the focus group were used as techniques. The study leads to identify that the instrumentalized vision of English promoted by language policies becomes an obstacle to its learning. In addition, it was found that pre-service teachers struggled to exert their role as policy makers, that is, to appropriate policies according to the need of the context. The study concludes that the failure to obtain the goals set by language policies, are not attained, perhaps due to this unfortunate conception that only promotes a structural and utilitarian vision of language.
Coeficiente intelectual y rendimiento académico en un grupo de estudiantes de primer semestre de psicología
Authors: Acosta Echavarria Alvaro Alejandro , Mejía Toro Wilber Arduai , González Uribe Ana María
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Low IQ has been associated with difficulties in different areas of life, among which is academic performance. It should be considered that this association is usually not detected until late stages and can occur in university students. Objetive This study sought to determine the strength of association between IQ and academic performance in a group of first-semester students from the psychology program of a private university in the department of Sucre, Colombia. Materials and Methods: For this, a cross-sectional, correlational research was carried out with a non-probabilistic sample composed of 114 students. The IQ was evaluated with the WAIS-IV test and its correlation (Spearman's rho) with the students' grades in the different subjects taken in the 2018-I semester was analyzed. Results: It was found that 39% of the student is located in the borderline intelligence range and 1% in the intellectual disability range. A low positive correlation (p≤.05) could be seen between the IQ and four of the six subjects taken, as well as with the global academic average of the students. Conclusions: The low results are due to cultural aspects and not to the prevalence of an intellectual detriment. The foregoing confirms the need to implement measures with adapted scales and culturally adapted education programs for this type of population, in the country's higher education institutions
Una aproximación a la noción de responsabilidad desde Jean Paul Sartre a Jacques Lacan
Authors: Agostinelli Javier
Published: July 2022

The notion of responsibility presents an inevitable centrality in the vast work of the French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre. This can be seen in his philosophy works as well as in his literary novels and various retellings. On the other hand, in the teaching of the French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan there are also developments related to the notion of responsibility from different areas inherent to the field of belonging. Thus, the present research work has as its main aim to approach the principal elements from the work of each of these authors that will allow the setting of an approximation to the notion of responsibility that they both develop. This will enable, in a second moment, the carrying out of a parallelism between Jean-Paul Sartre's and Jacques Lacan's precepts in relation to the notion of responsibility that intends to enhance the similarities and  divergences between the perspectives of these contemporary authors.
Emotienetwerken: tool voor gesprek
Authors: Kuijten Danielle , Dibbits Hester
Published: July 2022

Wie of wat bepaalt uiteindelijk wat er gebeurt met die oude parkeergarage, met die leegstaande fabriek of met die inmiddels overwoekerde begraafplaats? Hoeveel ruimte krijgen bewoners uit de omgeving om hun stem te laten horen? In dit artikel bespreken we hoe de methode van ‘emotienetwerken’ handvatten kan bieden in het meerstemmig maken van erfgoed.
Infographic: een geografie van rijksmonumenten
Authors: AGORA Hoofdredactie
Published: July 2022

Sinds de eerste Monumentenwet van 1961 worden rijksmonumenten in Nederland bijgehouden in het rijksmonumentenregister. Na een inventarisatieperiode worden hier vanaf 1965 jaarlijks nieuwe monumenten aan toegevoegd. Deze monumenten zijn wettelijk beschermd vanwege hun cultuurhistorische waarde. De monumenten zijn opgedeeld in verschillende categorieën. De spreiding van rijksmonumenten is te herleiden tot allerlei ruimtelijke patronen. Op lokaal niveau vertellen deze ruimtelijke patronen iets over de historie van het gebied.