bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Schooling the Eye and Hand: Performative Methods of Research and Pedagogy in the Making and Knowing Project
Authors: Taape Tillmann , Smith Pamela H. , Uchacz Tianna Helena
Published: September 2020

What are historians doing in the laboratory? Looking back over six years of collaborative work, researchers of the Making and Knowing Project at Columbia University discuss their experience with hands‐on reconstruction as a historical method. This work engages practical forms of knowledge—from pigment‐making to metal casting—recorded in the BnF Ms. Fr. 640, an anonymous French manuscript compiled in the later sixteenth century. Bodily encounters with materials and processes of the past offer insights into the material and mental worlds of early modern artists and artisans, and train the eye in the interpretation of historical objects. At the same time, reconstruction contributes to the interpretation of the text: it is only by attempting to implement the instructions of practical or recipe literature that these texts can be understood as vehicles of emergent knowledge that only fully manifests itself in the doing. Overall, our approach to reconstruction mirrors that of the anonymous author‐practitioner, who explored a wide range of techniques through experimenting and writing.
Nervosität und theatrale Hygieneaufklärung im Sowjetrussland der 1920–30er Jahre
Authors: Polianski Igor J. , Kosenko Oxana
Published: September 2020

The present contribution analyses the nervousness and neurasthenia discourse in the early Soviet Union. Its focus is on psycho‐hygienic plays staged by the Moscow Theatre for Sanitary Culture. It asks in which images, figures and actions a knowledge about the nervous disorder was presented on stage, which genre traditions and communicative instruments were used and on which changing political implications those performances were based. To obtain this the archive sources, selected texts of neurasthenic dramas, reports and reviews in daily press have been evaluated.
Historical Continuity or Different Sensory Worlds? What we Can Learn about the Sensory Characteristics of Early Modern Pharmaceuticals by Taking Them to a Trained Sensory Panel.
Authors: Ahnfelt Nils‐Otto , Fors Hjalmar , Wendin Karin
Published: September 2020

Early modern medicine was much more dependent on the senses than its contemporary counterpart. Although a comprehensive medical theory existed that assigned great value to taste and odor of medicaments, historical descriptions of taste and odor appears imprecise and inconsistent to modern eyes. How did historical actors move from subjective experience of taste and odor to culturally stable agreements that facilitated communication about the sensory properties of medicaments? This paper addresses this question, not by investigating texts, but by going straight to the sensory impression, which certain substances convey. The aim is not to overwrite or rectify historical descriptions but to investigate whether modern methodologies for sensory assessment can be enlisted to understand the past. We draw on history of science for framing and research questions, pharmaceutical science for knowledge of pharmaceuticals and preparations, and food and meal science for assaying procedures and protocols. We show that sensory evaluation can yield precise descriptions that would not have been alien to early modern medicine makers. However, there are problems with translating descriptions of taste between different historical contexts.  By comparing contemporary descriptions of sensations with eighteenth‐century ones, the article discusses how sensory descriptions are highly dependent on context, and subject to historical change.
Out of the Ivy and into the Arctic: Imitation Coral Reconstruction in Cross‐Cultural Contexts
Authors: Bilak Donna
Published: September 2020

This essay discusses imitation coral reconstruction workshops based on a recipe from a sixteenth‐century “book of secrets” that took place in three different educational contexts: Columbia University, Nunavut Arctic College, and Universität Hamburg. It reflects on the utility of reconstruction and material literacy as present‐day history of science methodologies in which scholarly textual interpretation meets physical research. It also considers the nature of cultural heritage in shaping material practice through an Inuit cultural context, in which the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge is not rooted in textual traditions, but bodily embedded in oral histories, craft technology, and land stewardship. The essay also presents suggestions for new collaborative practices between humanists, artisans, and scientists that can be facilitated by reconstruction methodology.
Rethinking Performative Methods in the History of Science
Authors: Hendriksen Marieke M. A.
Published: September 2020

Performative methods have been part of history of science research and education for at least three decades. Understood broadly, they cover every methodology in which a historian or philosopher of science engages in embodied interaction with sources, tools and materials that do not traditionally belong to historical research, with the aim of answering a historical research question. The question no longer appears to be whether performative methods have a place within history and philosophy of science research, but what their place is, could, or should be; when and how they can and cannot be used. Because although performative methods are seen as an enrichment of the field by many, their growing popularity also raises questions: what new insights and challenges has the increased use of performative methods in the history of science brought us? How has it changed the field? Should performative research methods become a mandatory part of the training of new generations of historians of science? In this special issue, historians and philosophers of science for whom performative methods play an important role in their work reflect on these questions from their own research and teaching practices.
Impact of the isoelectric point of model parvoviruses on viral retention in anion‐exchange chromatography
Authors: Leisi Remo , Wolfisberg Raphael , Nowak Thomas , Caliaro Oliver , Hemmerle Andreas , Roth Nathan J. , Ros Carlos
Published: September 2020

Anion‐exchange chromatography (AEX) is used in the downstream purification of monoclonal antibodies to remove impurities and potential viral contamination based on electrostatic interactions. Although the isoelectric point (pI) of viruses is considered a key factor predicting the virus adsorption to the resin, the precise molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. To address this question, we compared structurally homologous parvoviruses that only differ in their surface charge distribution. A single charged amino acid substitution on the capsid surface of minute virus of mice (MVM) provoked an increased apparent pI (pIapp) 6.2 compared to wild‐type MVM (pIapp = 4.5), as determined by chromatofocusing. Despite their radically different pIapp, both viruses displayed the same interaction profile in Mono Q AEX at different pH conditions. In contrast, the closely related canine parvovirus (pIapp = 5.3) displayed a significantly different interaction at pH 5. The detailed structural analysis of the intricate three‐dimensional structure of the capsids suggests that the charge distribution is critical, and more relevant than the pI, in controlling the interaction of a virus with the chromatographic resin. This study contributes to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing virus clearance by AEX, which is crucial to enable robust process design and maximize safety.
Intra‐CSF topotecan in treatment of breast cancer patients with leptomeningeal metastases
Authors: Jaeckle Kurt A. , Dixon Jesse G. , Anderson Stephen Keith , Moreno‐Aspitia Alvaro , Colon‐Otero Gerardo , Hebenstreit Kathy , Patel Tejal A. , Reddy Samarth L. , Perez Edith A.
Published: September 2020

Background

There are few treatment options for patients with leptomeningeal metastases (LM).

Methods

We report a case series of patients with breast cancer and LM treated with intra‐CSF topotecan (TOPO). Outcome was assessed by clinical exam and MRI at baseline, at end of induction (4‐5 weeks), then every 3 months; CSF cytology was determined at baseline and with each treatment.

Results

Thirty‐one women [median age, 58 (37‐81); median KPS 60 (40‐100)] received treatment. At baseline, 68% had positive CSF cytology, and 90%, leptomeningeal enhancement on MRI. 84% of patients also received focal RT (not during TOPO) and 77% received concomitant systemic hormonal or chemotherapy. Median number of TOPO treatments was 14.5 (range, 3‐71); median duration of treatment, 11 weeks (1‐176); and median OS, 6.9 months (range, 0.9‐48.8). Patients remaining progression‐free during 4‐6 weeks of induction (81%) had a median OS of 11.5 months (range, 1.8‐48.8). Overall neurologic PFS at 6, 12, and 24 months was 39%, 26%, and 6%, respectively. Clearing of CSF malignant cells for >3 consecutive samples occurred in 10/21 (48%) patients with positive CSF cytology at baseline, remaining clear for a median duration of 15.9 months (range, 1.4‐34.5). Grade 3 adverse events included headache or vomiting (3pts), T2 hyperintensity surrounding the ventricular catheter (2 pts), and meningitis (2 pts).

Conclusions

Intra‐CSF TOPO, with focal RT as needed for symptomatic areas of enhancement produced durable clearing of CSF malignant cells in 48% of patients positive at baseline, with promising median PFS and OS.
Impact of radiotherapy to the primary tumor on the efficacy of pembrolizumab for patients with advanced urothelial cancer: A preliminary study
Authors: Fukushima Hiroshi , Kijima Toshiki , Fukuda Shohei , Moriyama Shingo , Uehara Sho , Yasuda Yosuke , Tanaka Hajime , Yoshida Soichiro , Yokoyama Minato , Matsuoka Yoh , Saito Kazutaka , Matsubara Nobuaki , Numao Noboru , Sakai Yasuyuki , Yuasa Takeshi , Masuda Hitoshi , Yonese Junji , Kageyama Yukio , Fujii Yasuhisa
Published: September 2020

Radiotherapy plus immune checkpoint inhibitors can potentially induce synergistic antitumor immune responses. However, little clinical evidence is established regarding their combination therapy. Here, we aimed to assess whether radiotherapy to the primary tumor impacts on the efficacy of pembrolizumab in advanced urothelial cancer. We retrospectively reviewed 98 advanced urothelial cancer patients receiving pembrolizumab in a second‐ or later‐line setting using our multicenter cohort. Patients were categorized according to a history of radiotherapy to the primary tumor: patients previously exposed to radiotherapy to the primary tumor (Radiotherapy group, 17 patients [17%]) and those not (Nonradiotherapy group, 81 patients [83%]). The associations of radiotherapy to the primary tumor with objective response and survival were evaluated. The Radiotherapy group showed a significantly higher objective response ratio than did the Non‐radiotherapy group (65% vs 19%; P < .001). The Radiotherapy group had a higher progression‐free survival rate compared with the Nonradiotherapy group (52% vs 28% at 12 months; P = .078), but statistical significance was not reached. The Radiotherapy group had a significantly higher overall survival rate compared with the Non‐radiotherapy group (77% vs 50% at 12 months; P = .025). From multivariate analysis, radiotherapy to the primary tumor was an independent predictor for longer overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.31; P = .032) along with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≤1 and the absence of visceral metastasis. Therefore, radiotherapy to the primary tumor may enhance the efficacy of pembrolizumab for patients with advanced urothelial cancer.
Efficient Synthesis of γ‐Lactones by Cobalt‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Ring Expansion of Oxetanes under Syngas Atmosphere
Authors: Tang Yitian , Shen Chaoren , Yao Qiyi , Tian Xinxin , Wang Bo , Dong Kaiwu
Published: September 2020

A practical route from oxetane or thietane to γ‐(thio)butyrolactone via solvated‐proton‐assisted cobalt‐catalyzed carbonylative ring expansion under syngas atmosphere has been established. A wide variety of γ‐(thio)butyrolactones can be afforded in good to excellent yields. The versatility of this method has been well demonstrated in the synthesis of intermediates towards the natural product Arctigenin as well as the pharmaceuticals Baclofen and Montelukast. The observed promoting effect of glycol ether solvent has been rationally interpreted.
Synthesis and Diversification of Macrocyclic Alkynediyl Sulfide Peptides
Authors: Godin Éric , Nguyen Thanh Sacha , Guerrero‐Morales Javier , Santandrea Jeffrey , Caron Antoine , Minozzi Clémentine , Beaucage Noémie , Rey Bastien , Morency Mathieu , Abel‐Snape Xavier , Collins Shawn K.
Published: September 2020

The synthesis of rare macrocyclic alkynediyl sulfides by a Cu‐catalyzed Csp−S cross‐coupling is presented. The catalytic protocol (Cu(MeCN)4PF6/dtbbpy) promotes macrocyclization of peptides, dipeptides and tripeptides at ambient temperature (14 examples, 23→73 % yields) via thiols and bromoalkynes, and is chemoselective with regards to terminal alkynes. Importantly, the underexplored alkynediyl sulfide functionality incorporates a rigidifying structural element and opens new opportunities for diversification of macrocyclic frameworks through S oxidation, halide addition and azide–alkyne cycloaddition chemistries to integrate sulfones, halides or valuable fluorophores (7 examples, 37→92 % yields).
The Cascade Reactions of Indigo with Propargyl Substrates for Heterocyclic and Photophysical Diversity
Authors: McCosker Patrick M. , Butler Nicholas M. , Shakoori Alireza , Volland Michel K. , Perry Matthew J. , Mullen Jesse W. , Willis Anthony C. , Clark Timothy , Bremner John B. , Guldi Dirk M. , Keller Paul A.
Published: September 2020

The synthesis of structurally diverse heterocycles for chemical space exploration was achieved via the cascade reactions of indigo with propargylic electrophiles. New pyrazinodiindolodione, naphthyridinedione, azepinodiindolone, oxazinoindolone and pyrrolodione products were prepared in one pot reactions by varying the leaving group (‐Cl, ‐Br, ‐OMs, ‐OTs) or propargyl terminal functionality (‐H, ‐Me, ‐Ph, ‐Ar). Mechanistic and density functional theory studies revealed that the unsaturated propargyl moiety can behave as an electrophile when aromatic terminal substitutions are made, and therefore competes with leaving group substitution for new outcomes. Selected products from the cascade reactions were investigated for their absorption and fluorescence properties, including transient absorption spectroscopy. This revealed polarity dependent excited state relaxation pathways, fluorescence, and triplet formation, thus highlighting these reactions as a means to access diverse functional materials rapidly.
Association of malnutrition with geriatric assessment impairments and health‐related quality of life among older adults with gastrointestinal malignancies
Authors: Williams Grant R. , Al‐Obaidi Mustafa , Dai Chen , Mir Nabiel , Challa Sai Alekha , Daniel Michael , Patel Harita , Barlow Brett , Young‐Smith Crystal , Gbolahan Olumide , Paluri Ravi , Bhatia Smita , Giri Smith
Published: September 2020

Background

A majority of older adults with cancer develop malnutrition; however, the implications of malnutrition among this vulnerable population are poorly understood. The goal of this study was to quantify the prevalence of nutrition related‐symptoms and malnutrition among older adults with gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies and the association of malnutrition with geriatric assessment (GA) impairment, health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), and health care utilization.

Methods

We performed a cross‐sectional study of older adults (≥60 years) who were referred to the GI Oncology clinic at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Participants underwent the Cancer & Aging Resilience Evaluation survey that includes the abbreviated Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment of nutrition. Nutrition scores were dichotomized into normal (0‐5) and malnourished (≥6), and multivariate analyses adjusted for demographics, cancer type, and cancer stage were used to examine associations with GA impairment, HRQoL, and health care utilization.

Results

A total of 336 participants were included (men, 56.8%; women, 43.2%), with a mean age of 70 years (standard deviation, ±7.2 years) and colorectal cancer (33.6%) and pancreatic cancer (24.4%) being the most common diagnoses. Overall, 52.1% of participants were identified as malnourished. Malnutrition was associated with a higher prevalence of several GA impairments, including 1 or more falls (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.1), instrumental activities of daily living impairment (aOR, 4.1), and frailty (aOR, 8.2). Malnutrition was also associated with impaired HRQoL domains; both physical (aOR, 8.7) and mental (aOR, 5.0), and prior hospitalizations (aOR, 2.2).

Conclusion

We found a high prevalence of malnutrition among older adults with GI malignancies that was associated with increased GA impairments, reduced HRQoL, and increased health care utilization.
Predictive molecular pathology in non–small cell lung cancer in France: The past, the present and the perspectives
Authors: Hofman Paul , Rouleau Etienne , Sabourin Jean‐Christophe , Denis Marc , Deleuze Jean‐François , Barlesi Fabrice , Laurent‐Puig Pierre
Published: September 2020

The advent of molecular targets for novel therapeutics in oncology, notably for non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), led the French National Cancer Institute (INCa) to establish a national network of 28 hospital Molecular Genetics Centers for Cancer (MGCC) in 2007. In each University in France, laboratories were established to develop molecular biology testing to evaluate a few genomic alterations, initially a selection of genes, by using specific targeted polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. In a second phase, the number of studied genes was increased. In 2015, the MGCC benefited from an additional dedicated budget from the INCa to develop next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technology. In the meantime, a new financial regulation for innovative testing has been established for the acts out of nomenclature. Consequently, all private and public laboratories in France have access to funding for molecular biology testing in oncology. The gene‐based PCR assays or NGS tests have benefitted from reimbursement of cost testing by the INCa. Today, the laboratories consider this reimbursement to be only partial, and its use to be complex. In 2018, a strategic plan for medical genomic analyses (France Médecine Génomique 2025) was implemented to introduce more systematic sequencing into the health care pathway and oncology practice. The large panel of molecular tests should be centralized to a limited number of molecular genetic centers. This review describes the evolution of the different stages of implementation of molecular pathology testing for NSCLC patients over the last few years in France.
Engineered Nanomaterials for Sustainable Oil Separation and Recovery
Authors: Alsoraya Mohammad , Zhao Mingyu , Fan Donglei (Emma)
Published: September 2020

In this review, we focus on engineered nanomaterials (NMs) offering economic and environmental sustainability in oil extraction. We introduce underlying issues in oil recovery and separation and discuss fundamental physical and chemical interactions in typical oil‐water‐solid systems that guide the design of NMs. In recovery, the NMs change rock wettability, permeability, or sweep fluid properties to attain optimal resource use and minimal environmental impact. Applied NMs include nanosurfactants, silica core‐shell structures, nano‐encapsulated acids, and nanofluids. While for separation, the NMs use mechanisms of adsorption, filtration, or dispersion to improve separation performance in industrial or aquatic oil spill settings. The NMs include iron oxide nanoparticles, graphene Joule‐heating sponges, superhydrophilic poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes, and amphiphilic Janus silicon dioxide nanoparticles. Albeit the NMs exhibit impressive performance in sustainable oil extraction, a technological gap remains between the lab‐scale demonstrations and practical field deployment. We conclude with a perspective on bridging this gap.
Fit of tooth‐supported zirconia single crowns—A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Ahmed Walaa Magdy , Shariati Batoul , Gazzaz Arwa Z. , Sayed Mohammed E. , Carvalho Ricardo M.
Published: September 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to systematically map all the factors that influence the fit and adaptation of zirconia crowns and/or copings.

Materials and methods

The investigational strategy involved carrying out an electronic search between December 1, 2009 and September 1, 2019 through the Embase and Medline databases using Boolean operators to locate appropriate articles.

Results

A total of 637 articles were discovered after the removal of duplicates, and 46 of these were selected for evaluation. Further, a quality assessment was performed using GRADE evaluation criteria.

Conclusions

Shoulder finish line preparations had slightly better marginal fit compared to chamfer finish lines. Crowns obtained from digital impressions had comparable to superior marginal adaptation compared to conventional impressions. Increasing cement space showed to improve zirconia crown adaptation. Cementation and veneering zirconia frameworks found to increase the marginal and internal gaps. Limited information is available on the effect of the alteration of sintering time/Temperature and/or sintering techniques on the adaptation of zirconia crowns. Most of the selected studies had a moderate quality assessment evaluation. Future studies could investigate the chair‐side, ultra‐fast sintering effect on the marginal gap of zirconia crowns.
Reactive oxygen species levels differentiate CD34+ human progenitors based on CD38 expression
Authors: Vignon Christine , Lachot Sébastien , Foucault Amélie , Ravalet Noémie , Gyan Emmanuel , Picou Frédéric , Herault Beatrice , Le Nail Louis‐Romée , Bene Marie C. , Herault Olivier
Published: September 2020

Low reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels are well‐established characteristics of mouse hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, little is known about these levels in human HSCs. This study aimed at quantifying ROS levels in human CD34+CD38low and CD34+CD38high human progenitors from bone marrow, cord blood and cells mobilized for autologous HSC transplantation. A specifically devised multiparameter flow cytometry method was used to quantify ROS levels (H2DCFDA staining) in sub‐populations of primary cells. Results were confirmed by assessing gene expression level of the ROS scavenger GPX3, a key determinant of HSC self‐renewal, in sorted CD34+CD38low and CD34+CD38high cells. CD34+CD38low cells from bone marrow and cord blood displayed significantly lower levels of ROS than CD34+CD38high cells and other leukocytes. Moreover, the correlation between ROS and GPX3 expression was verified in sorted CD34+CD38low and CD34+CD38high cells. These results confirm, in human, data previously reported in mice. Moreover, the flow cytometry assay we developed could allow for a more precise enumeration of repopulating primitive progenitors in the course of HSC transplantation.
Cytomorphological features of an unusual case of a multifocal pseudomyogenic (epithelioid sarcoma‐like) hemangioendothelioma in a young adult male
Authors: Rekhi Bharat , Ramadwar Mukta
Published: September 2020

Pseudomyogenic (epithelioid sarcoma‐like) hemangioendothelioma (PMHE) is a relatively newly described vascular neoplasm, characterized by distinct clinicopathological and molecular features, with no report on its cytomorphological features on smears, till date. A 17‐year‐old male presented with multiple nodules on his left upper limb. Radiologic imaging disclosed multiple lesions involving the soft tissues, skin, and bones of his left upper limb. Biopsy of one of the lesions on his left ring finger revealed a cellular tumor comprising plump spindle and epithelioid cells, containing moderate to abundant, eosinophilic cytoplasm; mild nuclear atypia, vesicular nuclear chromatin, discernible nucleoli, infrequent mitotic figures, and interspersed neutrophils. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for AE1/AE3, CD31, and FLI‐1, while negative for CD34 and desmin. INI1/SMARCB1 was retained. MIB1/Ki67 highlighted nearly 3% tumor cells (low). Diagnosis of a PMHE was offered. A simultaneous fine needle aspiration cytology smears of the lesions in his left forearm and ipsilateral axillary region revealed spindle and some polygonal shaped cells, arranged in tight and loose clusters, as well as scattered singly, containing abundant cytoplasm with tapering cell membranes, at places; vesicular nuclear chromatin and characteristic intercellular fibrillary stromal material. The present case constitutes the first report on cytomorphological features of a PMHE, diagnosed on cytology, including its differential diagnoses, immunohistochemical features with molecular updates.
eDNA‐based biomonitoring at an experimental German vineyard to characterize how management regimes shape ecosystem diversity
Authors: Agerbo Rasmussen Jacob , Nielsen Martin , Mak Sarah S. T. , Döring Johanna , Klincke Franziska , Gopalakrishnan Shyam , Dunn Robert R. , Kauer Randolf , Gilbert Marcus Thomas Pius
Published: September 2020

There is growing interest in the application of sustainable agricultural methods to minimize the environmental impact of farming and thus aiding quantification of the actual benefit that such approaches may confer. We applied DNA metabarcoding with the aim of exploring how the diversity of fungi and arthropods were affected by different agricultural management systems (integrated, organic, biodynamic) at the experimental vineyard of Geisenheim (Rheingau, Germany). Data were generated for the bloom and harvest periods in 2017, using environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding analysis of both soil and vane trap samples. Our data revealed four principal results. (a) Overall richness of vane trap samples was unaffected by the management systems, likely due to the relatively small scale of the plots compared to the ranges of taxa such as the arthropods caught. In contrast, however, the richness of soil‐living taxa appeared to be negatively affected by conventional treatments, especially at harvest. (b) Analysis of similarity revealed that the species composition was significantly differentiated by management systems for both fungal and other taxa in both sample types. (c) Taxonomic analysis of fungi revealed that the management system drove differentiation in the abundance patterns for wine‐related fungi. Overall, our study reiterates the potential of eDNA techniques as a tool for assessing how biodiversity is affected by different agricultural management regimes, and we hope such approaches will be adopted in future research aimed at guiding vineyard management decisions.
Prevalence and incidence of phantom limb pain, phantom limb sensations and telescoping in amputees: A systematic rapid review
Authors: Stankevicius Anna , Wallwork Sarah B. , Summers Simon J. , Hordacre Brenton , Stanton Tasha R.
Published: September 2020

Background and objective

This systematic, rapid review aimed to critically appraise and synthesize the recent literature (2014–2019) evaluating the incidence and prevalence of post‐amputation phantom limb pain (PLP) and sensation (PLS).

Databases and data treatment

Five databases (Medline, Embase, Emcare, PsychInfo, Web of Science) and Google Scholar were searched, with two independent reviewers completing eligibility screening, risk of bias assessment and data extraction.

Results

The search identified 1,350 studies with 12 cross‐sectional and 3 prospective studies included. Studies evaluated traumatic (n = 5), atraumatic (n = 4), and combined traumatic/atraumatic (n = 6) amputee populations, ranging from 1 month to 33 years post‐amputation. Study heterogeneity prevented data pooling. The majority of studies had a high risk of bias, primarily due to limited generalizability. Three studies evaluated PLP incidence, ranging from 2.2% (atraumatic; 1 month) to 41% (combined; 3 months) and 82% (combined; 12 months). Only one study evaluated PLS/telescoping incidence. Across contrasting populations, PLP point prevalence was between 6.7%–88.1%, 1 to 3‐month period prevalence was between 49%‐93.5%, and lifetime prevalence was high at 76%–87%. Point prevalence of PLS was 32.4%‐90%, period prevalence was 65% (1 month) and 56.9% (3 months), and lifetime prevalence was 87%. Telescoping was less prevalent, highest among traumatic amputees (24.6%) within a 1‐month prevalence period. Variations in population type (e.g. amputation characteristics) and incidence and prevalence measures likely influence the large variability seen here.

Conclusions

This review found that lifetime prevalence was the highest, with most individuals experiencing some type of phantom phenomena at some point post‐amputation.

Significance

This systematic rapid review provides a reference for clinicians to make informed prognosis estimates of phantom phenomena for patients undergoing amputation. Results show that most amputees will experience phantom limb pain (PLP) and phantom limb sensations (PLS): high PLP incidence 1‐year post‐amputation (82%); high lifetime prevalence for PLP (76%–87%) and PLS (87%). Approximately 25% of amputees will experience telescoping. Consideration of individual patient characteristics (cause, amputation site, pre‐amputation pain) is pertinent given their likely contribution to incidence/prevalence of phantom phenomena.
Rapid fingerprinting of a highly glycosylated fusion protein by microfluidic chip‐based capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry
Authors: Deyanova Ekaterina G. , Huang Richard Y.‐C. , Madia Priyanka A. , Nandi Pradyot , Gudmundsson Olafur , Chen Guodong
Published: September 2020

Protein glycosylation can impact the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of therapeutic proteins. Achieving uniform and consistent protein glycosylation is an important requirement for product quality control at all stages of therapeutic protein drug discovery and development. The development of a new microfluidic CE device compatible with MS offers a fast and sensitive orthogonal mode of high‐resolution separation with MS characterization. Here, we describe a fast and robust chip‐based CE‐MS method for intact glycosylation fingerprinting of a therapeutic fusion protein with complex sialylated N and O‐linked glycoforms. The method effectively separates multiple sialylated glycoforms and offers a rapid detection of changes in glycosylation profile in 6 min.
A complex garment assembly line balancing using simulation‐based optimization
Authors: Bongomin Ocident , Mwasiagi Josphat Igadwa , Nganyi Eric Oyondi , Nibikora Ildephonse
Published: September 2020

The nascent wave of disruptive competition in the current business environment brought about by the fourth industrial revolution (Fashion 4.0 or Apparel 4.0) is enormous. Therefore, it is important for the apparel industry to be flexible enough to respond quickly to the unstable customers' demand through continuous improvement of their process efficiency and productivity. This study proposed assembly line balancing problem (ALBP) for complex garment assembly line using simulation‐based optimization under stochastic task times. The proposed ALBP solution approach aimed at minimizing the cycle time for a given number of workstations with consideration of constraints on number of resources, precedence relations, and resource types. The empirical study was conducted at Southern Range Nyanza Limited (NYTIL) garment facility and a complex trouser assembly line with 69 workstations was considered. The discrete event simulation of the trouser assembly line was developed using Arena simulation software. The local optimal solution was obtained from simulation experiments which was adopted for the optimization process. The OptQuest tool was used to solve a single objective optimization with discrete control values. The results showed that the average throughput increased by 30% for local optimal line balancing and 55% for global optimal line balancing. Consequently, the cycle time reduced by 23% and 36%, respectively.
Impact of replacing overhead lines with aerial bundled cable, and installation of new transformers to reduce losses and improve distribution network voltage profiles, technical and economic analysis
Authors: Abdollahi Rohollah , Moradi Majid , Alizadeh Hossein , Rafiei Abolfazl
Published: September 2020

Today, reducing distribution system losses is a top priority in the design and operation of electricity grids. In an electricity grid, a significant percentage of the power and energy generated in power stations is wasted on the way to the transmission system. Losses can occur at all levels of the system's power, namely, production, transmission, and distribution system. The low voltage level, high current level, and radial distribution system structure leads to an increase in the percentage of losses in the distribution sector. For example, in 2018, about 80% of power system losses occurred in distribution systems in Iran. Several methods have been proposed to reduce the losses such as placing capacitors at medium and low voltage levels, reconfiguring the grids, increasing the cross‐section in conductors, and so on in recent years. In this article, two practical and effective solutions to reduce losses in the distribution system are studied and analyzed. The first solution is to install transformers in overload points of the network to reduce technical losses and increase the reliability and stability of the grid and improve voltage profiles, and the second solution is the plan to replace the overhead lines with the aerial bundled cable to reduce nontechnical losses. Sheet 13 of Qom distribution system is considered as a study network in order to investigate and analyze the impact of implementing these two proposed solutions in reducing losses and it also uses the data of data logger device installed in the distribution system as well as the simulation data obtained in the CYMDIST software. In order to more accurately and comprehensively analyze the impact of the proposed solutions on loss reduction, based on the annual load growth in the Qom distribution system, studies are presented for 5 years. Finally, based on two suggested solutions, three scenarios are presented and the effective scenario is identified and the economic justification and duration of return on the effective scenario are presented.
Interlaboratory Testing for High‐Temperature Power Generation Characteristics of a Ni‐Based Alloy Thermoelectric Module
Authors: Ziolkowski Pawel , Chetty Raju , Blaschkewitz Przemyslaw , Ohta Michihiro , Yamamoto Atsushi , Müller Eckhard
Published: September 2020

Standardization of metrology for thermoelectric generator modules (TEMs) is a necessary step toward industrialization of thermoelectric applications. Unspecified uncertainty budgets of the widely used custom‐built characterization facilities seem insufficient to validate technological developments, industrial benchmarks, or allow sound conclusions in scientific studies. Particularly, works on high‐temperature TEM have to be supported by suitable characterization techniques. This shall accelerate progress toward product releases for thermoelectric energy conversion. Herein, a Ni‐based alloy TEM is reported, which is developed at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) as a prospective standard reference TEM. Comparative measurements at AIST and the German Aerospace Center (DLR) demonstrate the high repeatability and precision of custom‐built TEM characterization facilities at AIST and DLR. Tests at elevated temperatures up to 773 K hot side temperature and 450 K temperature difference reveal excellent accordance of electric measurands with a standard deviation <0.3% for the open‐circuit voltage and <0.85% for electric resistance and maximum power output. Deviations of the heat flow measurement of up to 7.22% arise from individual uncertainties of the used characterization methods and point to the importance of standardization for TEM metrology.
Comorbid depression as a negative predictor of weight gain during treatment of anorexia nervosa: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Eskild‐Jensen Mia , Støving René K. , Flindt Christopher F. , Sjogren Magnus
Published: September 2020

Background

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious mental illness with high rates of relapse and mortality. Psychiatric comorbidities are common but their impact on the prognosis is largely unknown.

Objective

The aim was to investigate the influence of psychiatric comorbidity on weight gain during treatment of AN.

Methods

A systematic search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Studies evaluating psychiatric comorbidity as a predictor for treatment outcome (weight gain) were included, however, comorbid alcohol/drug addiction was excluded from this review.

Results

Four thousand five hundred and twenty six publications were identified from which 15 were included. The majority of the included studies had a prospective open naturalistic study design, a short‐term follow‐up period, and were based on small populations of primarily adolescent and adult women. Four studies indicate depression, and two obsessiveness as negative prognostic factors, whilst one study indicated moderate depression and yet another, neuroticism, as positive predictors for weight gain.

Discussion

The systematic scoping review found a large number of publications whereof only a few directly described the influence of psychiatric comorbidity on weight gain in AN. Overall, studies were heterogeneous in design, purpose and outcome making comparisons difficult. Findings were divergent but depression had a negative influence on weight gain in four studies.
Post‐fire behavior of CFRP retrofitted thin‐walled steel tanks
Authors: Maali Mahyar , Kiliç Mahmut
Published: September 2020

Thin‐walled shell structures are characterized by a lightweight structural form with high strength. This structure has many applications in various engineering fields and is considered to be a basic tool in the modern industry. This study investigates the effect of CFRP on tanks after post‐fire in order to examine the buckling and post‐buckling of the cylindrical tanks. Herein, post‐fire was introduced at different temperatures (150°C‐600°C). Ten laboratory specimens in two groups with verified temperatures, under external pressure, are examined. The models were designed to demonstrate how repairing steel tanks, which are damaged by fire, by using carbon‐fiber‐reinforced polymer can recover lost capacity. The results of testing under different theories and codes were compared. This study shows that the initial buckling load of the temperature group increased by 30.82% to 57.09% compared to the temperature without‐CFRP group. The overall buckling load of the temperature group increased by 37.01% to 67.74% compared to the temperature without‐CFRP group. The collapse load of the temperature group increased by 27.04% to 52.64% compared to the temperature without‐CFRP group. And using carbon‐fiber‐reinforced polymer on models, which are damaged by fire, can be an improvement behavior for the buckling and post‐buckling specimen tests.
Design car fire size based on fire statistics and experimental data
Authors: Brzezinska Dorota , Ollesz Renata , Bryant Paul
Published: September 2020

Passenger vehicle fires present a significant fire hazard in enclosed car parks. Accordingly, this hazard is often used as a design fire scenario for the application of fire protection systems. Specific fire protection standards, like NFPA 88A:2019 and NFPA 502:2020 in the United States (US) or BS 7346‐7:2013, NBN 21‐208‐2:2014, VDI 6019‐1:2006, NEN 6098:2010 and ITB 493:2015 in Europe, provide varying requirements for car park fire protection. Car parks fire strategies, especially when smoke control systems are used, often make use of performance‐based methods, in which fire growth (ie, heat release rate [HRR]) plays a fundamental role. The chosen HRR can influence the specification of car park construction and on smoke control system calculations. This article presents a review of 44 full‐scale car fire tests together with Polish and British passenger car fire statistics from the last 8 years. Based on the collected data and the averaged tests, HRR values provided in this article could assist local authorities and stakeholders determine optimal fire safety design criteria for car parks.
Beneficial health effects of Menaquinone‐7 on body composition, glycemic indices, lipid profile, and endocrine markers in polycystic ovary syndrome patients
Authors: Tarkesh Firoozeh , Namavar Jahromi Bahia , Hejazi Najmeh , Tabatabaee Hamidreza
Published: September 2020

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oral vitamin K2 (Menaquinone‐7 [MK‐7]) on clinical and biochemical parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients.

Methods

In this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial, 84 PCOS patients were randomly assigned into the treatment (90 µg Menaquinone‐7 daily for 8 weeks) and placebo groups. Insulin resistance, lipid profile, endocrine biomarkers, and body composition of the participants were measured before and after the intervention. This study was performed in Ghadir Mother & Child Hospital affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Results

Menaquinone‐7 supplementation, when compared to placebo, significantly decreased serum fasting insulin (p = .002), homeostasis model of assessment insulin resistance (p = .002), and homeostasis model of assessment β‐cell function (p = .02) in addition to a significant increase in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (p = .001). Also, MK‐7 administration led to significant declines in serum triglyceride (p = .003) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT; p = .03) levels, free androgen index (p < .001), waist circumference (p = .03), and body fat mass (p < .001) as well as significant increases in skeletal muscle (p < .001) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG, p < .001).

Conclusions

This study highlights the beneficial effects of MK‐7 on insulin resistance, fat mass, skeletal muscle, and serum levels of triglyceride, DHT, and SHBG in PCOS patients. Therefore, it seems that MK‐7 supplementation might be an appropriate additive treatment for PCOS patients.
Effects of grape and pomegranate waste extracts on poultry carcasses microbial, chemical, and sensory attributes in slaughterhouse
Authors: Dakheli Majid Javanmard
Published: September 2020

Contamination of poultry carcasses is considered as a critical point in the evaluation of poultry meat safety. The present study aimed at determining the decontamination effects of natural antimicrobial derived from grape waste extract and pomegranate waste extract (GWE and PWE) on poultry carcasses in a slaughterhouse. Poultry carcasses were treated in chiller with concentrations of 0, 2, 4 and 6% of pomegranate and grape waste extracts. Pomegranate and grape waste extracts contained 432.20 and 328.43 mg GAE/g total phenolic compounds. These extracts showed significant antimicrobial effect on the main poultry bacteria in vitro. On the first day of cold storage, significant reduction in total bacterial counts (p < .05) was observed in treated carcasses. After 3 days of storage time, total bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli reduced significantly (p < .05) compared to untreated samples. At sixth and ninth days of storage time, significant reduction in total volatile nitrogen (TVN), total bacteria counts, Staphylococcus aureus, coliforms, and Escherichia coli were observed. Sensory attributes in treated carcasses with PWE and GWE have been enhanced significantly compared to untreated during acceptable shelf time (p < .05). Based on the results, pomegranate and grape waste extracts can be used to preserve and improve the shelf life of the poultry carcasses close to the standard range until the ninth day of storage. Application of pomegranate and grape waste extracts in slaughterhouse could be considered as an environmentally, natural and safe decontamination intervention in integral food safety system.
Dynamic frontostriatal functional peak connectivity (in alcohol use disorder)
Authors: Gerchen Martin Fungisai , Weiss Franziska , Kirsch Martina , Rentsch Alena , Halli Patrick , Kiefer Falk , Kirsch Peter
Published: September 2020

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with changes in frontostriatal connectivity, but functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) functional connectivity (FC) approaches are usually not adapted to these circuits. We developed a circuit‐specific fMRI analysis approach to detect dynamic changes in frontostriatal FC inspired by medial‐ventral‐rostral to lateral‐dorsal‐caudal frontostriatal gradients originally identified in nonhuman primate tract‐tracing data. In our PeaCoG (“peak connectivity on a gradient”) approach we use information about the location of strongest FC on empirical frontostriatal connectivity gradients. We have recently described a basic PeaCoG version with conventional FC, and now developed a dynamic PeaCoG approach with sliding‐window FC. In resting state data of n = 66 AUD participants and n = 40 healthy controls we continue here the analyses that we began with the basic version. Our former result of an AUD‐associated ventral shift in right orbitofrontal cortex PeaCoG is consistently detected in the dynamic approach. Temporospatial variability of dynamic PeaCoG in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is reduced in AUD and associated with self‐efficacy to abstain and days of abstinence. Our method has the potential to provide insight into the dynamics of frontostriatal circuits, which has so far been relatively unexplored, and into their role in mental disorders and normal cognition.
Mapping groundwater discharge to a coastal lagoon using combined spatial airborne thermal imaging, radon (222Rn) and multiple physicochemical variables
Authors: Coluccio Katie , Santos Isaac , Jeffrey Luke C. , Katurji Marwan , Coluccio Steve , Morgan Leanne K.
Published: September 2020

Coastal lagoons are significant wetland environments found on coastlines throughout the world. Groundwater seepage may be a key component of lagoon water balances, though only a few studies have investigated large (>100 km2) coastal lagoons. In this study, we combined airborne thermal infrared imagery with continuous measurements of radon (222Rn—a natural groundwater tracer), conductivity, water temperature and dissolved oxygen to map groundwater seepage to a large coastal lagoon in New Zealand. We found evidence of seepage along the margins of the lagoon but not away from the margins. Our findings confirmed previously known seepage zones and identified new potential locations of groundwater inflow. Both point source and diffuse seepage occurred on the western and northwestern margins of the lagoon and parallel to the barrier between the lagoon and sea. These observations imply geologic controls on seepage. The combination of remote sensing and in‐situ radon measurements allowed us to effectively map groundwater discharge areas across the entire lagoon. Combined, broad‐scale qualitative methods built confidence in our interpretation of groundwater discharge locations in a large, dynamic coastal lagoon.