bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI RENDAHNYA CAKUPAN ASI EKSKLUSIF PADA BAYI UMUR 0-6 BULAN DI BIDAN PRAKTIK SALASIAH GUN KECAMATAN PALARANSAMARINDA TAHUN 2017
Authors: Yusuf Nuuva , Johan Herni , Diah Anggraini Rizky
Published: January 2020

Angka kematian bayi yang cukup tinggi didunia dapat dihindari dengan pemberian air susu ibu, pemberian ASI semaksimal mungkin merupakan kegiatan yang berperan penting dalam pemeliharaan anak dan persiapan generasi penerus dimasa depan. Banyaknya bayi yang tidak mendapatkan ASI Eksklusif disebabkan oleh karakteristik ibu diantaranya umur ibu yang terlalu muda sehingga tidak mengerti akan kebutuhan bayi, Pendidikan yang tidak memadai, pertama kali melahirkan sehingga tidak tahu pentingnya ASI Eksklusif, Pekerjaan, Mementingkan keindahan tubuh pasca persalinan, atau juga bisa disebabkan oleh kurangnya pengetahuan ibu disebabkan ibu tidak mendapatkan informasi dari pihak kesehatan, keluarga dan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor –faktor yang mempengaruhi rendahnya cakupan ASI Eksklusif pada bayi umur 0-6 bulan di Bidan Praktik Salasiah Gun.Metode atau teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Non Probability sampling tipe (quota sampling). Tehnik Quota Sampling yaitu pengambilan sampel secara quota dilakukan dengan cara menetapkan sejumlah anggota sampel secara quotum atau jatah. Dalam menentukan besarnya sampel, apabila subjek penelitian kurang dari 100, lebih baik diambil semua sehingga penelitiannya merupakan penelitian populasi. Selanjutnya, jika jumlah subjeknya besar dapat diambil antara 10-15% atau 20-25% atau lebih. Dalam hal ini peneliti mengambil sampel 20% dari populasi yang ada. Sehingga dapat diketahui jumlah sampel adalah 195 orang X 20% = 39 orang.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan terhadap faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi rendahnya cakupan ASI Eksklusif pada bayi umur 0-6 bulan di Bidan Praktik Salasiah Gun. Didapatkan kesimpulan bahwapengetahuan ibu terhadap pemberian ASI Eksklusif masih kurang.
HUBUNGAN JENIS KELAMIN, INDEKS MASSA TUBUH DAN PERAWATAN WAJAH DENGAN DERAJAT KEPARAHAN ACNE VULGARIS
Authors: Gomarjoyo Fanny , Kartini Agnes , Nuryanto M. Khairul
Published: January 2020

Acne vulgaris is one of problem skin disease for adolescents and young adults. Acne vulgaris(AV) is a chronic inflammation of pilosebasea follicles with multifactorial causes and has clinicalmanifestations such as blackheads papules, pustules, nodules and cysts. Risk factor of acne vulgaris isobesity. Obesity usually happens along with peripheral hyperandrogen and can increase sebumproduction. Facial care consists of cleaning, moisturizer and sun protector and analyzed relation withseverity of acne vulgaris. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of gender, bodymass index and facial care to severity of acne vulgaris. This study was an observational analytic withcross sectional method and the sampling was chosen by purposive sampling. The minimum sample sizewas 59 subjects. Data from this study were obtained from measurement of body mass index anddiagnostic photos in acne prone subjects. The result of statistical tests showed that there was relationshipbetween sex with the severity of acne vulgaris with (p = 0.014) and severity of acne vulgaris having anopportunity 6 times greater in males than females. Body mass index and facial care have no relation tothe severity of acne vulgaris.
HUBUNGAN PREEKLAMPSIA BERAT DENGAN KOMPLIKASI PADA JANIN DI RSUD ABDUL 2 WAHAB SJAHRANIE SAMARINDA 3 TAHUN 2017-2018
Authors: Rifqiya Faiza Mita Maulida , Fransiska Ngo Novia , Fikriah Ika
Published: January 2020

Preeclampsia defined as new onset of hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. Preeclampsia is one of the three main causes of maternal mortality with an incidence of 128,273 each year or around 5.3% in Indonesia. Preeclampsia is classified as preeclampsia without severe features and severe preeclampsia. Severe preeclampsia can be a problem, both in the mother and the fetus due to vascular vasospasm. If uteroplacental blood flow to the fetus is limited, the fetus can be born under low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth, intra uterine fetal death, and low Apgar score. The aim of this research is to determine the correlation of severe preeclampsia with fetal complication, that is intra uterine fetal death (IUFD), preterm labor, neonatal asphyxia, and low birth weight (LBW). The design of this research is case control study with 46 sample for both case and control groups. The data analysis used chi-square for 2x2 table and likelihood ratio for 2x3 table. The results of this this research is showed that there was correlation between severe preeclampsia with preterm labor (p=0,000)and severe preeclampsia with low birth weight (p=0,000), there was no correlation between severe preeclampsia with IUFD (p=0,822) and severe preeclampsia with neonatal asphyxia (p=0,060)
HUBUNGAN AKTIVITAS FISIK DAN BODY IMAGE DENGAN STATUS GIZI SISWI SMA YAYASAN PUPUK KALTIM BONTANG
Authors: Prisilia Cindy , Rachmi Eva , Aminyoto Meiliati
Published: January 2020

Nutritional status is a condition caused by a balanced between nutrient intake and nutritional requirements for metabolism. In Indonesia, the prevalence of overweight 15.1% and underweight 4.7%. This study aims to determine the relationship between physical activity and body image with nutritional status of students in senior high school of Yayasan Pupuk Kaltim Bontang. This study was an observational analytic with cross sectional study. The sampling procedure was purposive sampling according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The respondent of this study amounted to 262 students. The data collection being done with anthropometric measure to determine the nutritional status of students and using physical activity questionnaires to determine physical activity and body image questionnaires to determine body image. Based on bivariate analysis, there was no relationship between physical activity with nutritional status in senior high school students of Yayasan Pupuk Kaltim (p value = 1.00) and there was relationship between body image with nutritional status in senior high school students of Yayasan Pupuk Kaltim (p value = 0,000). There was 67.6% of students are normal nutritional status, 67.9% of students do moderate physical activity, and 56.5% of students with positive body image. There was not relationship between physical activity and nutrirional status and there was relationship between body image with nutritional status in senior high school students of Yayasan Pupuk Kaltim.
Analysis of Line Outage Detection in Nigeria 330kV Transmission Lines using Phasor Measurement Units
Authors: Obodoagwu Nkem Francis
Published: January 2020

In this work, an analysis of line outage detection in Nigeria 330kV transmission lines using Phasor Measurement Units was presented. This requires collection and analysis of the data obtained from Transmission Company of Nigeria with the aid of PSAT 2.10.1 / MATLAB SIMULINK using Newton-Raphson power flow algorithm and also to determine the effectiveness of PMU when introduced in our power system network. 12 buses and 3 Generators system were considered for the studied. This was achieved by collecting relevant transmission parameters for 330kV line and was simulated on PSAT 2.10.1 and MATLAB 2015a using Newton-Raphson power flow algorithm. The work involved an offline and online analysis. For the offline analysis the admittance / impedance matrix for Y-bus and bus voltage for pre-outage was obtained via the power flow analysis and change in impedance for the lines were calculated. These values were further normalised in order to reduce the value to a row echelon form. Then for the online analysis; the change in phase angle from the Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) online simulation for pre-outage and also post-outage was calculated and a normalised column matrix was gotten. Finally, the effectiveness of the line outage detection was graphically represented using MATLAB software to plot the values of the normalised values of the offline and online analysis; i.e., by comparing the normalised form of the offline and online values. These results clearly show that PMUs gives an accurate monitoring and total observability when introduced in Nigeria power system.
Nanocone structures with limited interspace grown by MOVPE
Authors: Novák Jozef , Eliáš Peter , Hasenöhrl Stanislav , Laurenčíková Agáta , Urbancová Petra , Pudiš Dušan
Published: January 2020

Reduction and limitation of free spaces between the gallium phosphide nanocones was studied. A set of nanocone samples was grown by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) in the temperature range between 610 and 690°C. Our results showed that by an appropriate combination of a high density of gold seeds and an optimized growth temperature it was possible to obtain a nanostructured surface with very limited free spaces between the nanocones. A combination of lateral and vertical growth rates regulated by the selection of growth temperature played a very important role in the nanocone hexagonal base enlargement, which helped to minimize spaces between the cones. The limitation of free space between the nanocones increased a probability of edge creation that is very helpful for the successful growth of 2D materials.
Improvement of GaN crystalline quality by SiNx layer grown by MOVPE
Authors: Hospodková Alice , Slavická Zíková Markéta , Hubáček Tomáš , Pangrác Jiří , Kuldová Karla , Hájek František , Dominec Filip , Vetushka Aliaksei , Hasenöhrl Stanislav
Published: January 2020

In this work the mechanism which helps to reduce the dislocation density by deposition of a SiNx interlayer is discussed. It is shown that the dislocation reduction by SiNx interlayer deposition is influenced by dislocation density in the underlying GaN layers. The SiNx interlayer is very effective when the original dislocation density is high, while in the case of lower dislocation density the deposition of SiNx is not effective for crystal quality improvement. Although it is widely accepted that SiNx serves as a barrier for dislocation propagation, similarly to the enhanced lateral overgrowth method, it is shown that after masking the SiNx deposition cannot be the dominant dislocation reduction mechanism. The most probable mechanism is the annihilation of bended neighbouring dislocations during the coalescence of 3D islands. The SiNx layer cannot serve as a barrier for dislocations, since it is probably dissolved during the following GaN growth and dissolved Si atoms are incorporated into the above-grown GaN layer which stimulates the 3D island formation. Then the use of the SiNx interlayer for dislocation reduction is recommended only for the improvement of layers with a high dislocation density. On the other hand, the PL signal was strongly enhanced for both low and high dislocation density structures with the SiNx interlayer, suggesting that the interlayer might help to suppress the nonradiative recombination in subsequent GaN that is not related to the dislocation density, which remained the same. But its origin has to be studied further.
Spectroscopy of defects in neutron irradiated ammono-thermal GaN by combining photoionization, photoluminescence and positron annihilation techniques
Authors: Pavlov Jevgenij , Čeponis Tomas , Deveikis Laimonas , Heikkinen Tanja , Raisanen Jyrki , Rumbauskas Vytautas , Tamulaitis Gintautas , Tuomisto Filip , Gaubas Eugenijus
Published: January 2020

In this work, pulsed photoionization as well as photoluminescence and positron annihilation spectroscopy were combined to detect different species of defects. The GaN crystals, grown by the ammono-thermal method, doped with Mn as well as Mg impurities and irradiated with different fluences of reactor neutrons, were examined to clarify the role of the technological and radiation defects. The evolution of the prevailing photoactive centres was examined by pulsed photoionization spectroscopy. Positron annihilation spectroscopy was applied to reveal vacancy-type defects.
‘Met wijsheid, voorzichtigheid en gematigdheid vooruitgaan’
Authors: van Gennip Joep
Published: January 2020

Between 1908 and 1966 the Dutch Jesuits founded five retreat institutions in the Netherlands to support the laity with spiritual care and to enable them to undergo (a part of) the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius van Loyola (the founder of the Jesuits). Notwithstanding the enormous popularity of these retreat activities, especially in the first half of the twentieth century, this phenomenon has hardly been subject to academic research. With this article, being a part of my postdoc-research project at Tilburg University, I hope to give a start to this study. At the turn of the century, the group retreat work the Dutch Jesuits introduced for the male laity in the Netherlands originated in Belgium and France. During the years to follow this work became exceptional popular among Catholics living in the southern provinces of the Netherlands. Due to a high organisational level of Catholic social and political institutions and the involvement of the Catholic upper-class and local parish priests the propaganda of the Jesuits for their retreat work in the Southern provinces was extremely effective. The (industrial) employers as well as the Jesuits regarded the retreat work as a splendid opportunity to ‘civilize’ the Catholic working-class and to keep them away from communism and socialism. As a consequence of new theological and spiritual insights, after World War II things started to change in the traditional retreat work. In the fifties and sixties the retreats were transformed into meetings of spiritual reflection and counselling, at last becoming socio-cultural training courses from the seventies onwards. The lack of a straightforward underlying theological vision for these transitions on which all Jesuits could agree on, the rising costs, and the declining number of Jesuits members, resulted in 1974 in the ending of their participation in this group-organized work. However, retreats given on an individual basis continued and from the nineties new initiatives were launched to popularize the Spiritual Exercises using digital techniques and the internet.
Political Mission of the ‘Clericalized Laity’
Authors: Beentjes Simon
Published: January 2020

This article addresses the political engagement of Catholic students in the Netherlands during the inter-war period. Recently there has been an increased academic interest both nationally and internationally, in juvenile and radical Catholicism in the inter-war years. In the Netherlands, the magazine De Gemeenschap and the girls’ movement De Graal are important examples of the radical Catholicism of the youth. Though the religious activism of these Catholic youth groups has been studied extensively, we still do not know much about their involvement in politics and more specifically, their interaction with the Catholic party. This article looks at how the activation of the laity affected the political engagement of Dutch Catholic students. Based on ideas about Catholic Action and the importance of a lay apostolate for the rechristianization of society, Catholic students established new groups for religious and political activism. As these groups were neither installed nor controlled by the hierarchy, they formulated alternative political interpretations of Catholicism. Thus, the youth challenged the religious legitimacy of the Catholic party, whose politicians listened to them only reluctantly.
Financial Mismatch, Assets Specificity and Capital Structure
Authors: Li Yanwu
Published: January 2020

At present, the problem of financial mismatch poses great challenge to China’s financial market. Financial mismatch blurs the market governance structure of debt financing, thus distorting the relationship between asset specificity and capital structure. This paper investigates companies listed on the A-share of Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange from 2012 to 2017. It tests the existence of financial mismatch and the impact of financial mismatch on asset specificity and capital structure. Empirical results show that the impact of financial mismatch on the relationship between asset specificity and capital structure of sample companies exhibits no differences in ownership. Both state-owned listed companies and private companies face the same degree of financial mismatch issues, which leads to changes in the property-specific governance structure of assets, and asset specificity is positively related to capital structure.
Review of Interventions for Inclusion of Children With ASD and Anxiety in Education
Authors: Syriopoulou-Delli Christine K. , Polychronopoulou Stavroula A. , Kolaitis Gerasimos A. , Antoniou Alexandros-Stamatios G.
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND: Anxiety is one of the most common accompanying symptoms in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and may compound the difficulties they experience in social inclusion.

OBJECTIVE: Review of methods and programs that have been developed for the management of anxiety symptoms in individuals with ASD, to help them cope with their social environment, and in particular, school.

METHODS: A search for papers published from the 1980s to 2017 was made in PubMed and in the official websites of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the American Association of Anxiety and Depression, UCLA PEERS, Sutherland House School and Autism Speaks, and in the US National Institute of Health (NIH) publications. In addition, other resources were found in the library of the University of Macedonia and the Greek National Research Foundation.

RESULTS: The search revealed papers on anxiety in ASD and its treatment, and three reports of training programs that had been developed specifically for enhancement of the inclusion of people with ASD and anxiety. The papers were reviewed with a view to identifying the components that decrease anxiety and have long-term effects in curtailing social exclusion. Programs incorporating a variety of methods, including intervention in the school curriculum, development of CBT and other psycho-social approaches and promotion of family support, can all increase awareness of anxiety stimuli and lead to successful and sustained management of anxiety symptoms and enhanced social inclusion. Assessment of anxiety in children and young people with ASD is imperative, and efficacy of the intervention needs to be evaluated using evidence-based measurement.

CONCLUSION: Intervention programs based on recognition and management of anxiety symptoms can increase the possibilities for adaptation and social inclusion of children and young people with ASD. Evaluation of the efficacy of interventions is an area that requires attention.
Public Reason and Structural Coercion
Authors: Wong Baldwin ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: January 2020

Political liberals usually assume the coercion account, which argues that state actions should be publicly justified because they coerce citizens. Recently some critics object this account for it overlooks that some policies are non-coercive but still require public justification. My article argues that, instead of understanding coercion as particular laws or policies, it should be understood as the exercise of collective political power that shapes the basic structure. This revised coercion account explains why those ostensibly non-coercive policies are in fact coercive. Moreover, I argue that the alternative accounts suggested by critics fail, unless they assume the revised coercion account.
Gun Rights as Deontic Constraints
Authors: Huemer Michael ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: January 2020

In earlier work, I argued that gun prohibition is unjustified because it violates an individual right to self-defense. Here, I defend that argument against objections posed by Nicholas Dixon and Jeff McMahan to the effect that the right of citizens to be free from gun violence counterbalances the right of self-defense, and that gun prohibition does not violate the right of self-defense because it renders everyone overall safer.
Urban Heat and Burden of Hyponatremia
Authors: Prpic Monika , Hoffmann Christina , Bauer Wolfgang , Hoffmann Peter , Kappert Kai
Published: December 2024

Importance

Hyponatremia (sodium level <135 mEq/L), the most prevalent electrolyte disorder in clinical practice, is associated with considerable clinical and economic burdens. Despite its recognized effect and indication of seasonal patterns, there is a research gap regarding heat-related hyponatremia. Addressing this issue is crucial, especially regarding projected increases in environmental temperature, particularly in urban areas.

Objective

To comprehensively analyze the association of heat in an urban setting with hyponatremia prevalence.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study using retrospective time series analysis was conducted among all adult patients (age ≥18 years) presenting to the Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin between March 1, 2000, and August 31, 2023, with a blood sodium measurement.

Exposure

The daily heat index, which accounts for both outdoor air temperature and relative humidity.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome measure was the daily number of hyponatremia cases, further categorized by severity. Differences in prevalence across age groups (adult patients, aged 18-65 years; and older patients, aged >65 years) and sexes were also examined.

Results

A total of 7 135 688 sodium measurements from 2 028 537 hospital visits were analyzed. The mean (SD) age at admission was 57.8 (17.8) years, and 51.7% of patients were male. A clear seasonal pattern of heat-related hyponatremia was evident among older patients, especially for moderate (sodium level, 125-129 mEq/L) and severe hyponatremia (sodium level, <125 mEq/L), where the cumulative risk over a lag period of 5 days reached a maximum relative risk (RR) of 1.26 (95% CI, 1.07-1.48) when the heat index reached 30 °C, compared with the temperature at which hyponatremia occurred least frequently. Older women were disproportionately more likely to experience hyponatremia compared with older men, with a cumulative RR of 1.10 (95% CI, 1.03-1.18) at a heat index of 26 °C. The highest RR was on lag day 0 for all subgroups (older patients: RR, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.00-1.08]; moderate and severe hyponatremia in older patients: RR, 1.05 [1.01-1.10]; and older women: RR, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.01-1.12]) and significantly increased when the heat index exceeded 15 °C (RR, 1.01 [95% CI, 1.00-1.02]).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cross-sectional study of patients with sodium measurements suggests that older people, especially women, were vulnerable to heat-related hyponatremia. Environmental heat was associated with an immediate exacerbation of hyponatremia. This finding highlights the importance of implementing prevention strategies to mitigate heat-related hyponatremia, as an increased burden in the future due to climate change is likely.
Leaky Waves: Principles and Applications
Authors: Simeoni Patrizio , Frezza Fabrizio
Published: December 2024

Here, inhomogeneous waves, and, in particular, leaky waves are initially described and natural phenomena that can be expressed in terms of inhomogeneous improper waves are also introduced. The description of the physical properties of inhomogeneous waves and leaky waves and their physical characteristics will finally allow us to describe the propagation features and the radiation patterns generated by leaky‐wave antennas (LWAs), as they are conventionally defined in terms of leaky waves. Furthermore, this chapter will go into the description of LWAs families and features.
Slot Antennas
Authors: Nakano Hisamatsu
Published: December 2024

The radiation pattern and conductance of a thin straight half‐wavelength slot are derived using an assumed electric field distribution over the slot. Subsequently, Babinet's principle, which provides a relationship between the input impedances of a slot and a conducting plate, both having the same shape, is derived. In addition, an antenna evaluation method based on the finite‐difference time‐domain method (FDTDM) is briefly described. Using the FDTDM, straight, bowtie, loop, curl, and spiral slot antennas are analyzed. The analysis reveals (1) the effects of the finiteness of the conducting sheet, in which the straight slot is cut, on the radiation characteristics; (2) the effects of the bowtie angle on the radiation characteristics; (3) the input impedance of the loop as a function of the circumference; and (4) the frequency responses of the curl and spiral slots, acting as circularly polarized radiation elements.
Electromagnetic Modeling
Authors: Chen Zhizhang D. , Hoefer Wolfgang J. R.
Published: December 2024

Electromagnetic modeling is a critical analysis and design methodology in various fields such as radio‐frequency (RF) and microwave engineering, antennas, radar, remote sensing, medical diagnostics, bio‐electromagnetics, physics and radio astronomy, and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and interference. It formulates and solves electromagnetic field problems using mathematical, physical, or computational models that relate the electromagnetic functionality of devices to their geometrical and material parameters or predict how electromagnetic fields interact with physical objects and materials. This chapter presents the most common methods for modeling electromagnetic scenarios in the frequency, the spectral, and the time domain, as well as their hybrid combinations. They are introduced as projective approximations of field solutions using the method of weighted residuals (MWR). This unified perspective best illustrates their properties, differences, and their suitability for solving a particular electromagnetic problem, thus helping the reader to appreciate the connections, similarities, and differences among the various methods. It also reflects historical and methodological developments and aims to provide a foundational understanding of current electromagnetic modeling methods.
Conformal Mapping Techniques
Authors: Akan Volkan , Yazgan Erdem
Published: December 2024

Conformal mapping techniques (CMTs) can be applied in the analysis of many engineering applications such as boundary value problems and electromagnetic field problems. This article presents information about the formulation of the potential and flux functions and the most important properties and application procedures of some RF, microwave, and antenna engineering techniques.
Microwave Circuits
Authors: Cho Choon S.
Published: December 2024

The term “microwave circuits” is used to identify the electrical circuits used at microwave frequencies for performing signal‐processing functions such as amplification, frequency conversion, mixing, detection, phase shifting, filtering, and power dividing. By “microwave frequencies,” we refer to electromagnetic signals whose wavelength is in centimeters, roughly from 30 cm to 1 mm with the corresponding frequencies ranging from 1 GHz (GHz = 10
9
 Hz) to 300 GHz. The frequency range from 30 to 300 GHz is also known as the
millimeter‐wave band
. Microwave frequencies present several interesting and unusual features not found in other portions of the electromagnetic frequency spectrum. These features make microwaves uniquely suitable for several useful applications in telecommunications, radar, industrial heating and sensors, wireless power transfer, and so on. The most common consumer application of microwaves is the domestic microwave oven used for food processing.
Synthetic Aperture Radar
Authors: Özdemir Caner
Published: December 2024

Since its invention in the early 1950s, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has gathered increasing attention thanks to its attractive capabilities such as providing good resolutions both in range and in cross‐range dimensions. Although primary practices of airborne and spaceborne SAR systems were for surveillance purposes of geophysical remote sensing, other numerous applications of SAR have also been implemented in many areas from subsurface imaging to crop monitoring. This chapter begins with the history of SAR and presents the basic principles of SAR signal processing procedures such as range compression, range cell migration correction, and azimuth compression. Applications and some common problems in SAR imagery are covered as well. Principles of inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) and its applications are demonstrated with examples. Advanced SAR concepts such as motion compensation, interferometric SAR, and polarimetric SAR imaging applications are also presented. The concluding remarks are devoted on some hot topics and emerging technologies in SAR imagery.
Silicon Millimeter‐Wave Phased Arrays
Authors: Lee Wooram , Sadhu Bodhisatwa
Published: December 2024

Millimeter‐wave technology, with its large available bandwidth, promises many new wireless applications, from cellular communications to automotive radar for self‐driving vehicles. The silicon integration of mmWave and phased array technology has opened the door for large‐scale deployment of such systems. This chapter provides an overview tutorial of silicon‐based millimeter‐wave phased arrays and key building blocks.
Inkjet Printed Metal–Organic Frameworks for Non‐Volatile Memory Devices Suitable for Printed RRAM
Authors: Liu Yan , Fischer Franz , Hu Hongrong , Gliemann Hartmut , Natzeck Carsten , Schwotzer Matthias , Rainer Christian , Lemmer Uli , Wöll Christof , Breitung Ben , Aghassi‐Hagmann Jasmin
Published: December 2024

Inkjet printing has emerged as a promising technique for patterning functional materials, offering significant advantages over traditional subtractive thin‐film methods. Its versatility enables the structuring of various materials, expanding application ranges and minimizing waste through additive manufacturing. However, the limited availability of functional material‐based inks suitable for inkjet printing presents challenges in ink formulation. HKUST‐1, a 3D cubic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) comprised of copper(II) ions coordinated to benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxylate (BTC) organic linkers, known for its porosity and tunability, have potential to enhance inkjet‐printed devices. This study combines inkjet printing and evaporation‐induced crystallization to structure HKUST‐1, marking the first demonstration of nanocrystalline HKUST‐1 integrated into a printed electronic device, specifically a memristor, where the MOF is prepared by inkjet printing of a precursor solution. Memristors, which change their resistance based on the external stimuli history, enabling the construction of resistive random‐access memory (RRAM). The fabricated memristors in this study exhibit notable properties: low forming voltage, an Roff/Ron ratio of 104, a retention time of 600 s, and endurance exceeding 60 write and erase cycles. This research highlights the potential of integrating MOFs into inkjet printing, unlocking broader application possibilities, and advancing additive manufacturing for functional materials.
Lurid Bolete‐Inspired Damage Reporting Coating with Simultaneous Weathering and Corrosion Resistance: Construction Strategy and Real‐Time Degradation Monitoring
Authors: Wang Jinke , Liu Shaopeng , Zhou Yinhan , Yu Siyuan , Chen Zhibin , Li Zongbao , Chen Weiting , Li Ning , Ma Lingwei , Zhang Dawei
Published: December 2024

Organic protective coatings encounter significant challenges in the face of mechanical damage, weathering degradation, and corrosion activities. Developing coatings that feature both autonomous damage reporting and enhanced durability is a promising yet challenging endeavor. In this study, inspired by the “damage coloration” of lurid bolete, a multifunctional smart coating integrating color/fluorescence damage reporting, weathering resistance, and active corrosion protection capabilities is developed by incorporating microcapsules encapsulated with crystal violet lactone (CVL) and cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles into polyurethane (PU) resins. CVL, a damage‐reporting indicator exhibiting both color and fluorescence emission, is encapsulated within PU/poly‐(urea formaldehyde) (PU/UF) microcapsules. CVL is released from the microcapsules upon damage, exhibiting localized fluorescence enhancement under UV irradiation and an intense blue coloration resulting from the chromogenic reaction with CeO2 nanoparticles. In addition to initiating the chromogenic reaction of CVL, the CeO2 nanoparticles confer outstanding weathering resistance and active corrosion protection to the coating matrix through their UV absorption and corrosion inhibition properties. The performance improvement of the composite coating in terms of weathering resistance and corrosion resistance is verified by in situ transmittance testing and real‐time atmospheric corrosion monitoring.
Elastic Yet Strength Triboelectric Aerogel Enabled by Constructing a Supramolecular System
Authors: Wu Xunxiao , Liu Tao , Qiu Yuhang , Hou Zhuli , Cai Chenchen , Li Mingyang , Xu Yanniu , Mou Yakun , Luo Shuwen , Lu Dengjun
Published: December 2024

Elastic aerogels are ultra‐lightweight, highly porous materials widely used in fields such as sensing, aerospace, and thermal insulation. However, constrained by weak mechanical properties under deformation, the strength and elasticity of aerogels are mutually exclusive and difficult to reconcile. In this study, a triboelectric aerogel with a centripetal structure is constructed using a supramolecular system in combination with ice‐templating, resulting in outstanding mechanical properties (specific strength of 186.67 kN m kg−1) and rapid recovery speed (792 mm s−1). The key to reconciling strength and elasticity lies in multiscale structural synergy, mitigating local stress through controlled inelastic deformation to balance resistance and deformation. A portable triboelectric sensor is developed based on this material, offering motion protection and posture monitoring. This study addresses the challenge of reconciling elasticity and strength in aerogels, providing new insights for designing elastic smart materials.
Cation‐Vacancy‐Induced Reinforced Electrochemical Surface Reconstruction on Spinel Nickel Ferrite for Boosting Water Oxidation
Authors: Li Yuxin , Zhang Zhe , Li Chunguang , Hou Xiangyan , Zeng Jianrong , Chen Xiao‐Bo , Shi Zhan , Feng Shouhua
Published: December 2024

Spinel oxides still exhibit unsatisfactory electrocatalytic performance toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) given their low intrinsic activity, poor electronic conductivity, and limited exposure of reaction sites. Defect engineering has garnered intensive attention and become a promising strategy to enhance the reaction kinetics. In this work, spinel NiFe2O4 nanospheres with rich nickel vacancies are prepared via simple one‐pot hydrothermal synthesis. Combined electrochemical measurements and in situ Raman characterization prove that a relatively higher degree of electrochemical surface reconstruction is realized after the introduction of nickel vacancies in NiFe2O4, in addition to boosted OER electrocatalytic performance. Further theoretical calculations also reveal that the cation‐vacancy‐induced effect can reduce the difficulty for surface reconstruction by increasing the octahedral nickel‐oxygen covalency in nickel ferrite. Contributed to the great structural flexibility and optimized electronic structure of the pre‐catalyst, the reconstructed electrocatalyst presents desirable OER performance, accompanied by long durability in alkaline solution. This work provides a sound strategy to intensify surface reconstruction on spinel oxides and design electrocatalysts with high efficiency toward water oxidation.
Developing an in Situ Polyoxovanadate to Vanadium Nitride/Carbon Conversion Strategies in Manufacture Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries Cathode with Ultrahigh Rate Capability
Authors: Bian Yujian , Hu Ruiting , Wang Haiyan , Gong Jiaxin , Liu Weifang , Fu Meiqian , Wang Weiwei , Yan Jun
Published: December 2024

Vanadium nitride (VN) is considered to have sufficient application potential for energy storage, and in the field of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs), its unique in situ phase transition mechanism is conducive to solving the intrinsic low conductivity, slow kinetics, and poor cycling stability of vanadium‐based materials. In the present study, the nanoscale morphology of VN cathode materials is controlled by cationic modulation of decavanadate precursors. Among them, VN quantum dots/nitrogen‐doped carbon nanosheets (VNQD/NC), which have the prime particle size and uniform distribution on a carbon substrate, show excellent cathode performance after activation. The innovative VNQD/NC composite exhibits high discharge capacity (698 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1), excellent rate performance (498 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1), and excellent stability. The mechanism of the VNQD/NC cathode is investigated by various ex situ means, and researchers actively analyze the source of its excellent electrochemical performance. This work offers an alternative strategy for the preparation of nitride materials and provides insights into the development of high‐performance vanadium‐based cathodes for AZIBs.
Self‐Adapting Oxyanion Armor Achieves Highly Stable and Efficient Seawater Electrolysis at Ampere‐Level Current Densities
Authors: Zhang Xingheng , Zhang Huili , Chen Zengxuan , Chen Xiaodong , Wang Jianye , Wei Shuxian , Liu Siyuan , Wang Zhaojie , Dai Fangna , Wang Maohuai , Lu Xiaoqing
Published: December 2024

Seawater electrolysis is an effective way for large‐scale green hydrogen. Nevertheless, the anode suffers from the severe corrosion of Cl− and Br− during oxygen evolution, which gives rise to the issues of narrow‐deep pits and shallow‐wide pits, respectively. Herein, an anti‐corrosion strategy is presented by self‐adapting oxyanion armor to prevent the high valence active sites from Cl− and Br− corrosion. The core–shell FeNi2Se4@NiFe‐Phy is reconstructed to active species NiFeOOH covered by an oxyanion layer composed of phosphoric and carbonate. The aimed anode exhibits remarkable efficiency, achieving current densities of 10 and 200 mA cm−2 at overpotentials of merely 220 and 277 mV, respectively. Notably, it shows unparalleled durability, enduring without any discernible degradation following rigorous testing for 400 h at 400–1000 mA cm−2 in alkaline simulated seawater, as well as natural seawater. A combination of density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations further confirms the bifunctional enhancement of oxyanion armor on NiFeOOH surface. At a current density of 200 mA cm−2, the alkaline seawater electrolyzer has significant energy efficiency, consuming merely 4.61 and 4.27 kWh Nm−3 H2 at room temperature and 80 °C, respectively. This work offers an efficacious surface corrosion resistance strategy for anode protection during seawater electrolysis.
Nano‐Space Confinement Crystal Growth Boosted Hole Extraction in Carbon‐Based CsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Qixian , Wu Yuhang , Wei Xiaozhen , Li Gaofeng , Lv Chunyu , Gao Mangmang , Li Weiping , Zhu Liqun , Lan Yisha , Wang Kexiang , Yin Penggang , Bai Yang , Zhu Cheng , Chen Qi , Liu Huicong , Chen Haining
Published: December 2024

Carbon‐based CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells (C‐PSCs) have shown a great promising due to its excellent chemical stability. However, the low hole selectivity and inefficient charge separation at the perovskite/carbon interface suppress their photovoltaic performance. Introducing a low‐dimensional (LD) perovskite structure is anticipated to address the issue but the randomly grown LD perovskite crystals would considerably increase the surface roughness, which not only weakens interface contact for inhibiting hole extraction but also increases the charge transporting length in LD perovskite. Herein, COMSOL Multiphysics simulation is first explored to establish the relation of the LD perovskite structure with the device performance, which suggests that a p‐type and thin LD perovskite capping layer with high coverage is favorable for device performance. To verify the simulation results, a nano‐space confinement (NSC) strategy is proposed to inhibit the vertical growth of 2D Cs2PbI2Cl2 perovskite plates for promoting in‐plane growth, during which a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) layer is pre‐covered on the Cs2PbI2Cl2 nuclear before their growth. Consequently, a well‐covered p‐type Cs2PbI2Cl2 capping layer is deposited on n‐type CsPbI3 perovskite layer, which significantly increases the hole selectivity and enhances charge separation for promoting the efficiency of C‐PSCs to 18.23% with an ultra‐high VOC of 1.161 V.
Emerging Opportunities of Steel‐Based Electrode at Mesoscale Design
Authors: Lv Zepeng , Li Shaolong , Zhang Xuan , Jiang Yinzhu , Sun Wenping , He Jilin , Jiao Shuqiang , Song Jianxun
Published: December 2024

The electrochemical water splitting technology, a cornerstone for the production of “green hydrogen”, holds paramount significance in the global pursuit of carbon neutrality. Steel‐based electrocatalysts, when judiciously designed at the mesoscale, emerge as pivotal players in the quest for cost‐effective and highly active catalysts for industrial‐scale deployment. This domain has witnessed remarkable progress in recent times, prompting this review to offer a holistic overview of the design and synthesis methodologies for steel‐based electrocatalysts. The focus of this review lies in three primary aspects: the intricate phase transition design of the exterior layer, the strategic manipulation of 3D steel‐based substrate architectures, and the ingenious coupling of multifarious heterointerfaces. These strategies collectively contribute to the enhancement of catalytic performance. Concluding the discussion, the key insights are briefly summarized and delved into the challenges and prospects surrounding the advancement of steel‐based electrocatalysts for sustainable, large‐scale hydrogen production. Against the strategic backdrop of integrating computational chemistry, paired electrocatalysis, and industrial‐grade high‐current direct electrolysis of seawater, a roadmap is envisioned that aims to overcome existing barriers and propel the field toward new horizons.
Radiation‐Resistant Bacteria Deinococcus radiodurans‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Radioprotectors
Authors: Han Jeong Moo , Mwiti Godfrey , Yeom Seo‐Joon , Lim Jaeyoon , Kim Woo Sik , Lim Sangyong , Lim Seung‐Taik , Byun Eui‐Baek
Published: December 2024

The increasing use of radiation presents a risk of radiation exposure, making the development of radioprotectors necessary. In the previous study, it is investigated that Deinococcus radiodurans (R1‐EVs) exert the antioxidative properties. However, the radioprotective activity of R1‐EVs remains unclear. In the present study, the protective effects of R1‐EVs against total body irradiation (TBI)‐induced acute radiation syndrome (ARS) are investigated. To assess R1‐EVs' radioprotective efficacy, ARS is induced in mice with 8 Gy of TBI, and protection against hematopoietic (H)‐ and gastrointestinal (GI)‐ARS is evaluated. The survival rate of irradiated mice group decreases substantially after irradiation. In contrast, pretreatment with R1‐EVs increases the survival rates of the mice. The administration of R1‐EVs provides effective protection against radiation‐induced death of bone marrow cells and splenocytes by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, R1‐EVs protect both intestinal stem and epithelial cells from radiation‐induced apoptosis. R1‐EVs stimulate the production of short‐chain fatty acids in the gastrointestinal tract, suppress proinflammatory cytokines, and increase regulatory T cells in pretreated mice versus the irradiation‐only group. Proteomic analysis shows that the R1‐EV proteome is significantly enriched with proteins involved in oxidative stress response. These findings highlight R1‐EVs as potent radioprotectors with applications against radiation damage and ROS‐mediated diseases.
High‐Efficiency Gold Nanoaggregates for NIR LED‐Driven Sustained Mild Photothermal Therapy Achieving Complete Tumor Eradication and Immune Enhancement
Authors: Qi Ming‐Hui , Wang Dan‐Dan , Qian Wang , Zhang Zhi‐Li , Ao Ya‐Wen , Li Jia‐Mi , Huang Shi‐Wen
Published: December 2024

For millennia, humans have harnessed thermal energy to treat cancer. However, delivering energy to tumor tissues in traditional hyperthermia remains a significant challenge. Nanotechnology has revolutionized this approach, enabling nanomaterials to target tumors precisely and act as internal heat sources. Nanomaterial‐based photothermal therapy employs nano‐photothermal agents to absorb near‐infrared light and convert it into heat, offering non‐invasive, highly controllable, and specific treatment for solid tumors. Nonetheless, achieving complete tumor eradication, preventing recurrence, and ensuring safety continue to be major concerns. To address these issues, sustained mild photothermal therapy (smPTT) is proposed, utilizing gold nanoaggregates (AuNAs) with a high photothermal conversion efficiency (92.8%) in combination with a single irradiation of low‐power (∼0.1 W cm−2) sustained LED light. This method achieved complete tumor eradication in animal models, with no recurrence over long‐term (>180 days) monitoring. This strategy provides superior therapeutic effects compared to mild photothermal therapy and higher safety than high‐temperature photothermal therapy. Additionally, it induces a strong immune response and immune memory, crucial for preventing tumor recurrence and metastasis. This novel approach to photothermal therapy may significantly impact clinical applications for shallow tumor treatment and offer new avenues for immunotherapy.
Self‐Selective (220) Directional Grown Copper Current Collector Design for Cycling‐Stable Anode‐Less Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhan Jun , Deng Lequan , Liu Yaoyao , Hao Mengjiao , Wang Zhaofen , Dong Lu‐Tan , Yang Yushuang , Song Kepeng , Qi Dongqing , Wang Jianjun , Wang Shuhua , Liu Hong , Zhou Weijia , Chen Hao
Published: December 2024

Anode‐less lithium metal batteries (ALLMB) are promising candidates for energy storage applications owing to high‐energy‐density and safety characteristics. However, the unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed on anode copper current collector (CuCC) leads to poor reversibility of uneven lithium deposition/stripping. Though the well‐known knowledge of lithium salt‐derived inorganic‐rich SEI (iSEI) benefiting uniform lithium deposition, how to design a lithium salt‐philic CuCC with undiscovered salt‐philic facet that favors lithium salt adsorption and catalyzing salt decomposition into iSEI, remains unexplored yet. Here, a self‐selective and iSEI‐catalyzing CuCC design is developed by using lithium salt as surface‐controlling agent in CuCC electrodeposition process, self‐selecting out and guiding unidirectional Cu(220) facet growth as the most salt‐philic facets of CuCC. This self‐selected Cu(220) facet promotes the salt adsorption and formation of salt decomposition‐derived iSEI in battery, thus improving the lithium plating/stripping coulombic efficiency from 99.25% to 99.50% (stable within 400 cycles), and the capacity decay rate of ALLMB is also reduced by 42.4% within 100 cycles. Practical mass‐productivity of this self‐selective CuCC for 350 Wh kg−1 pouch‐cell fabrication is also demonstrated, providing a new self‐selective current collector design strategy for improving selectivity and catalyzation of desired chemical reaction, important for high‐selectivity electrochemical reaction system construction.