bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peripheral Blood-Based DNA Methylation of Long Non-Coding RNA H19 and Metastasis-Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 Promoters are Potential Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Gastric Cancer Detection
Authors: Hu Dingtao , Lou Xiaoqi , Meng Nana , Li Zhen , Teng Ying , Zou Yanfeng , Wang Fang
Published: October 2021

Introduction

The early diagnosis and detection could greatly improve the clinical outcome of gastric cancer (GC) patients. However, the non-invasive biomarkers for GC detection remain to be identified.

Method

We used online databases (GEPIA, UALCAN, Kaplan-Meier plotter, TIMER, and MEXPRESS) to explore the association between H19 or metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) expression in tissues and the occurrence, development, prognosis, the levels of immune cell infiltration, and methylation of GC; the correlation between mRNA expression and DNA methylation levels of genes were also examined. Methylation levels of H19 or MALAT1 in peripheral blood were compared between 150 GC patients and 100 healthy controls (HCs). Predictive nomograms were constructed among female and male groups for GC diagnosis. The calibration curves, Hosmer–Lemeshow test, and decision curve analysis were also used to examine the nomograms’ predictive ability and clinical values.

Results

Using multiple online databases, we found that the mRNA expressions of H19 and MALAT1 in tissues were related to the occurrence of GC, and such expressions were associated with immune cell infiltration of GC and negatively correlated with DNA methylation levels of H19 and MALAT1. H19 gene, H19C island, and MALAT1B island, as well as 20 CpG sites were hypermethylated in peripheral blood of GC patients compared with HCs; similar results were also found in female and male groups ( P < .05 for all). The combination of H19c3, H19c4, MALAT1b12, and age, as well as the combination of H19b7, H19c1, H19c5, and age in the nomograms could distinguish GC patients from HCs in the female group and male group, respectively.

Conclusion

We found statistically significant hypermethylation of H19 and MALAT1 promoters in GC patients, and meaningful sensitivity and specificity of MALAT1 and H19 methylation in discriminating GC and HCs were observed in both female and male groups, which indicates that the peripheral blood-based DNA methylation of H19 and MALAT1 could act as potential non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of GC.
Barriers and facilitators for the safe handling of antineoplastic drugs
Authors: Fazel Sajjad S , Keefe Anya , Shareef Arshiya , Palmer Alison L , Brenner Darren R , Nakashima Lynne , Koehoorn Mieke W , McLeod Chris B , Hall Amy L , Peters Cheryl E
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Antineoplastic drugs are widely used in the treatment of cancer. However, some are known carcinogens and reproductive toxins, and incidental low-level exposure to workers is a health concern. CAREX Canada estimated that approximately 75,000 Canadians are exposed to antineoplastic drugs in workplace settings. While policies and guidelines on safe handling of antineoplastic drugs are available, evidence suggests that compliance is low. In this paper, we identify barriers and facilitators for safe handling of antineoplastic drugs in workplace settings.

Methods

We utilized a unique method to study public policy which involved compiling policy levers, developing a logic model, conducting a literature review, and contextualizing data through a deliberative process with stakeholders to explore in-depth contextual factors and experiences for the safe handling of antineoplastic drugs.

Results

The most common barriers identified in the literature were: poor training (46%), poor safety culture (41%), and inconsistent policies (36%). The most common facilitators were: adequate safety training (41%), leadership support (23%), and consistent policies (21%). Several of these factors are intertwined and while this means one barrier can cause other barriers, it also allows healthcare employers to mitigate these barriers by implementing small but meaningful changes in the workplace.

Conclusion

The combination of barriers and facilitators identified in our review highlight the importance of creating work environments where safety is a priority for the safe handling of antineoplastic drugs. The results of this study will assist policy makers and managers in identifying gaps and enhancing strategies that reduce occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs.
Occipito-temporal infarction manifesting as isolated visual perceptual abnormalities: A rare case of posterior cerebral artery stroke
Authors: Muthu Krishnan V , Rajalakshmi AR , Pokal Upasana , Shivakumar Koushik
Published: October 2021

Ischemic stroke in the Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) territory is an uncommon entity. Majority present with visual field defects while isolated visual perceptual abnormalities are an exceptional manifestation. About 60 year old hypertensive patient presented with vague symptoms of blurring of vision and palinopsia. Defective color vision was recorded in superior quadrants. Perimetry revealed bilateral congruous left superior quadrantanopia. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) disclosed right PCA infarct involving occipito-temporal region. This case highlights a rare presentation of PCA stroke with palinopsia and cerebral dyschromatopsia. Perimetric examination coupled with urgent neuroimaging helps the clinician in prompt diagnosis of neurological event causing unexplained visual phenomena.
Short-term effect of weight loss after bariatric surgery on IOP, RNFL thickness, and the optic nerve head blood flow measured by OCTA
Authors: ElShazly Malak I , Elessawy Kareem B , Salama Marwa M
Published: October 2021

Purpose:

To study the influence of weight reduction after bariatric surgery on the intraocular pressure (IOP), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and blood flow of optic nerve head by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods:

This prospective observational cohort study included 60 obese patients. Body mass index (BMI), IOP, RNFL, and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness, rim area, and radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) vessel density were assessed before and 3 months after bariatric surgery.

Results:

The BMI and the IOP showed significant postoperative reduction to 40.45 ± 4.3 kg/m2 and 14.83 ± 2.5 mmHg while the preoperative results were 51.13 ± 4.83 kg/m2 and 16.95 ± 4.2 mm ( p < 0.0001), respectively. No statistically significant change was detected in the RNFL, GCC thickness, rim area, or the RPC vessel density ( p > 0.05). No statistically significant correlation was detected between the BMI changes and changes in the IOP, RNFL thickness, rim area, GCC thickness, or RPC vessel density.

Conclusion:

No significant effect of bariatric surgery on the RNFL thickness and the optic nerve head blood flow measured by OCTA despite a significant IOP reduction 3 months post-surgical. OCTA can be a useful tool to assess the short-term influence of significant weight reduction on the retinal microcirculation.

Despite a significant BMI and IOP reduction following bariatric surgery in obese patients, the vascular flow of the ONH, measured by OCTA, and the RNFL thickness were not significantly affected. The former might be attributed to the complex autoregulatory mechanisms related to the ONH and its microcirculation.
Pediatric Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Cross-Sectional Study on Clinical Features and Treatment Approaches
Authors: Garcovich Simone , Fania Luca , Caposiena Dante , Giovanardi Giulia , Chiricozzi Andrea , De Simone Clara , Tartaglia Chiara , Ciccone Davide , Bianchi Luca , Abeni Damiano , Peris Ketty
Published: October 2021

Background

Hidradenitis suppurativa is uncommon in patients of pediatric age, and differentiation with adult-onset disease is controversial. Treatment of pediatric hidradenitis suppurativa is scarcely standardized, and specific guidelines are lacking.

Objective

We report the clinical features, relevant risk-factors, comorbidity profile, and treatment patterns of a hospital-based cohort of pediatric hidradenitis suppurativa

Methods

In a cross-sectional study data on patients’ demographics, disease-specific characteristics, early/pre-pubertal onset of disease, comorbidities, and treatment management were retrieved. Reference population data and clinical data from the national hidradenitis suppurativa disease registry were used for comparison.

Results

From a database of 870 patients with hidradenitis, 71 (15 males and 56 females) patients aged <18 years (mean age: 15.3 years; range 8-17 years), with mild (Hurley I, 45.1%) and moderate-severe disease (Hurley II-III, 54.9%), were retrieved. Smoking (23.9%) and overweight/obese frequencies (59.2%) were higher than reference population standards. Patient’s older age at baseline (OR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.01 to 2.02) and higher BMI (OR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.07–1.48) were the only factors associated with moderate-severe disease. Family history and early/pre-pubertal onset of disease were not associated with severity or extent of disease. Sebaceous-follicular comorbid conditions were associated with cigarette smoking ( P = .002). Among 81 treatment courses, clindamycin-based and zinc-sulphate-based combination regimens were most frequently used (59.3%). Female preponderance, family history of disease and extensive involvement were significantly different from the general hidradenitis suppurativa population.

Conclusions

Pediatric hidradenitis suppurativa presents a clinical spectrum comparable to adult-onset disease. Increased preventive measures should target obesity and smoking in this population.
Shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with high-strength steel wire and engineered cementitious composites
Authors: Yuan Fang , Wei Wangren , Hu Ren
Published: October 2021

Engineered cementitious composite (ECC) is a type of high-performance fibre-reinforced cementitious composite with good ductility and excellent crack control ability. It has attracted increasing attention as a structural repair material in severely corrosive environments. However, the strength improvement is limited when ECC is used alone for shear strengthening of existing reinforced concrete (RC) members, although its shear capacity is much higher than that of other brittle cementitious materials such as cement mortar. This study proposes a novel shear strengthening method for RC beams with both high load-carrying capacity and good durability through the combination of high-strength steel wire and an ECC layer. The shear behaviours of the beams were tested under static loading. The test results showed that the shear strength and the ultimate displacement were significantly improved through shear strengthening. A large number of fine cracks appeared on the ECC layer before the failure of the beams. The load-carrying capacity was reduced by pre-damage owing to the important role of the shear resistance of the concrete with respect to the total shear capacity. The shear strength of the strengthened beams cannot be accurately predicted by the current design code owing to the ignorance of the shear resistance of ECC.
Model modification and feature study of Duffing oscillator
Authors: Chen Ting , Cao Xiangyu , Niu Dezhi
Published: October 2021

With the development of chaos theory, Duffing oscillator has been extensively studied in many fields, especially in electronic signal processing. As a nonlinear oscillator, Duffing oscillator is more complicated in terms of equations or circuit analysis. In order to facilitate the analysis of its characteristics, the study analyzes the circuit from the perspective of vibrational science and energetics. The classic Holmes-Duffing model is first modified to make it more popular and concise, and then the model feasibility is confirmed by a series of rigorous derivations. According to experiments, the influence of driving force amplitude, frequency, and initial value on the system is finally explained by the basic theories of physics. Through this work, people can understand the mechanisms and characteristics of Duffing oscillator more intuitively and comprehensively. It provides a new idea for the study of Duffing oscillators and more.
Fueling civil disobedience in democracy: WhatsApp news use, political knowledge, and illegal political protest
Authors: Gil de Zúñiga Homero , Goyanes Manuel
Published: October 2021

Prior scholarship has consistently shown that informed citizens tend to better understand government actions, expectations, and priorities, potentially mitigating radicalism such as partaking in illegal protest. However, the role of social media may prove this relationship to be challenging, with an increasingly pervasive use of applications such as WhatsApp for information and mobilization. Findings from a two-wave US panel survey data show that WhatsApp news is negatively associated to political knowledge and positively associated to illegal protest. Less politically knowledgeable citizens also tend to engage in illegal protest more frequently. Results also suggest an influential role of political knowledge in mediating the effects of WhatsApp news over illegal protests. Those who consume more news on WhatsApp tend to know less about politics which, in turn, positively relates to unlawful political protest activities. This study suggests that WhatsApp affordances provide fertile paths to nurture illegal political protest participation.
Review of the Terminology Describing Ionizing Radiation-Induced Skin Injury: A Case for Standardization
Authors: Burnett Luke R. , Hughes Ryan T. , Rejeski Alexis F. , Moffatt Lauren T. , Shupp Jeffrey W. , Christy Robert J. , Winkfield Karen M.
Published: October 2021

Ionizing radiation causes injury to the skin that produces a complex clinical presentation that is managed by various paradigms without clear standards. The situation is further complicated by the fact that clinicians and researchers often use different terms and billing codes to describe the spectrum of cutaneous injury. There is, however, general agreement between the two most commonly-used diagnostic scales, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group and the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, and in their use to describe skin injury following radiation therapy. These scales are typically used by radiation oncologists to quantify radiation dermatitis, a component of the radiation-related disorders of the skin and subcutaneous tissue family of diagnoses. In rare cases, patients with severe injury may require treatment by wound care or burn specialists, in which case the disease is described as a “radiation burn” and coded as a burn or corrosion. Further compounding the issue, most US government agencies use the term Cutaneous Radiation Injury to indicate skin damage resulting from large, whole-body exposures. In contrast, the US Food and Drug Administration approves products for radiation dermatitis or “burns caused by radiation oncology procedures.” A review of the literature and comparison of clinical presentations shows that each of these terms represents a similar injury, and can be used interchangeably. Herein we provide a comparative review of the commonly used terminology for radiation-induced skin injury. Further, we recommend standardization across clinicians, providers, and researchers involved in the diagnosis, care, and investigation of radiation-induced skin injury. This will facilitate collaboration and broader inclusion criteria for grant-research and clinical trials and will assist in assessing therapeutic options particularly relevant to patient skin pigmentation response differences.
Comparative Evaluation of 4-Dimensional Computed Tomography and 4-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Delineate the Target of Primary Liver Cancer
Authors: Chen Yukai , Gong Guanzhong , Wang Yinxing , Liu Chenlu , Su Ya , Wang Lizhen , Yang Bo , Yin Yong
Published: October 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of 4-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (4DMRI) in establishing the target of primary liver cancer in comparison with 4-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT). Methods and Materials: A total of 23 patients with primary liver cancer who received radiotherapy were selected, and 4DCT and T2w-4DMRI simulations were conducted to obtain 4DCT and T2w-4DMRI simulation images. The 4DCT and T2w-4DMRI data were sorted into 10 and 8 respiratory phase bins, respectively. The liver and gross tumor volumes (GTVs) were delineated in all images using programmed clinical workflows under tumor delineation guidelines. The internal organs at risk volumes (IRVs) and internal target volumes (ITVs) were the unions of all the phase livers and GTVs, respectively. Then, the artifacts, liver volume, GTV, and motion range in 4DCT and T2w-4DMRI were compared. Results: The mean GTV volume based on 4DMRI was 136.42 ± 231.27 cm3, which was 25.04 cm3 (15.5%) less than that of 4DCT (161.46 ± 280.29 cm3). The average volume of ITV determined by 4DMRI was 166.12 ± 270.43 cm3, which was 22.44 cm3 (11.9%) less than that determined by 4DCT (188.56 ± 307.57 cm3). Liver volume and IRV in 4DMRI increased by 4.0% and 6.6%, respectively, compared with 4DCT. The difference in tumor motion by T2w-4DMRI based on the centroid was greater than that of 4DCT in the L/R, A/P, and S/I directions, and the average displacement differences were 2.6, 2.8, and 6.9 mm, respectively. The severe artifacts in 4DCT were 47.8% (11/23) greater than in 4DMRI 17.4% (4/23). Conclusions: Compared with 4DCT, T2-weighted and navigator-triggered 4DMRI produces fewer artifacts and larger motion differences in hepatic intrafraction tumors, which is a feasible technique for primary liver cancer treatment planning.
A Clinical Study to Evaluate Autofluorescence Imaging of Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using a Novel Artificial Intelligence Enabled Noninvasive Device
Authors: Viswanathan Vijay , Govindan Senthil , Selvaraj Bamila , Rupert Secunda , Kumar Raghul
Published: October 2021

Diabetic foot ulcers, with worldwide prevalence ranging from 12%-25%, are an important cause of nontraumatic lower limb amputation. Evidence-based assessment of early infection can help the clinician provide the right first line treatment thus helping improve the wound closure rate. Illuminate®, a novel point of care device working on multispectral autofluorescence imaging, helps in the rapid identification and classification of bacteria. This study was aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the device in detecting bacterial gram type against standard culture methods. A total of 178 patients from a tertiary care center for diabetes was recruited and 203 tissue samples were obtained from the wound base by the plastic surgeon. The device was handled by the trained investigator to take wound images. The tissue samples were taken from the color-coded infected region as indicated by the device's Artificial Intelligence algorithm and sent for microbial assessment. The results were compared against the Gram type inferred by the device and the device was found to have an accuracy of 89.54%, a positive predictive value of 86.27% for detecting Gram-positive bacteria, 80.77% for Gram-negative bacteria, and 91.67% for no infection. The negative predictive value corresponded to 87.25% for Gram-positive, 92% for Gram-negative, and 96.12% for no infection. The Results exhibited the accuracy of this novel autofluorescence device in identifying and classifying the gram type of bacteria and its potential in significantly aiding clinicians towards early infection assessment and treatment.
Argumentative dynamics in representations of migrants and refugees: Evidence from the Italian press during the ‘refugee crisis’
Authors: Serafis Dimitris , Raimondo Carlo , Assimakopoulos Stavros , Greco Sara , Rocci Andrea
Published: October 2021

The present paper analyses discursive representations and standpoint-arguments pairs, realized in articles of four mainstream Italian newspapers that report on migrants’ and refugees’ mobilization at the perceived peak of the so-called ‘refugee crisis’ (2015–2017). We draw on the scholarly agenda of Critical Discourse Studies, employing tools from corpus linguistic perspectives, which allow us to generalize over the way in which the relevant minorities are represented in our corpus. Then, focusing on a smaller sample of negative representations, we outline a methodological synthesis in order to scrutinize instances of representational meaning in newspapers articles and trace what is argumentatively inferred in discursive representations. To that end we exploit tools from systemic functional and cognitive linguistics as well as the Argumentum Model of Topics (AMT) for the analysis of inference. In this sense, we demonstrate how discriminatory representations do not only portray migrants and refugees in a negative light but also justify discrimination through the argumentative dynamic they develop.
Effect of coronavirus-19 infection on maternal and perinatal outcome: A case control study
Authors: Gupta Nidhi , Nigam Aruna , Bedi Nidhi , Bhardwaj Neha , Panesar Sanjeet
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Coronavirus 2019 virus infections have an impact on the obstetric population. Methods: We performed a single centre, prospective case-control study in a tertiary care centre during the first wave of the pandemic, over a period of six months. All Labouring women who tested positive for SARS-CoV2 on the date of admission were included in the study (cases). As a control, SARS-CoV2 negative women who delivered before and after the coronavirus-positive delivery were included. Results: The control group were significantly younger than the cases ( p = 0.001). The odds of spontaneous labour were observed to be significantly higher among the cases as compared to the control group ( p  =  0.002). The likelihood of NICU admission was significantly higher among the cases compared to the control group on applying Fischer exact test ( p < 0.001) Conclusion: SARS-CoV2 positive mothers are more likely to deliver neonates with feeding difficulties and requiring NICU admission, compared to SARS-CoV2 negative mothers.
In Silico Target Analysis of Treatment for COVID-19 Using Huang-Lian-Shang-Qing-Wan, a Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula
Authors: Huang Ching-Wen , Ha Hai-Anh , Tsai Shih-Chang , Lu Chi-Cheng , Lee Chao-Ying , Tsai Yuh-Feng , Tsai Fuu-Jen , Chiu Yu-Jen , Wang Guo-Kai , Hsu Chung-Hua , Yang Jai-Sing
Published: October 2021

Due to the significantly negative impact of the coronavirus (CoV) disease (COVID-19) pandemic on the health of the community and the economy, it remains urgent and necessary to develop a safe and effective treatment method for COVID-19. Huang-Lian-Shang-Qing-Wan (HLSQW) is a herbal formula of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has been applied extensively for treating “wind-heat-associated” symptoms in the upper parts of the body. The objective of the present in silico study was to investigate the potential effects of HLSQW in the context of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 infection. We analyzed the possible interactions between bioactive compounds within HLSQW on targets that may confer antiviral activity using network pharmacology and pharmacophore-based screening. HLSQW was found to potentially target a number of pathways and the expression of various genes to regulate cell physiology and, consequently, the anti-viral effects against SARS-CoV-2. Bioactive compounds contained within HLSQW may exert combined effects to reduce the production of proinflammatory factors, which may trigger the “cytokine storm” in patients with severe COVID-19. Results from molecular modeling suggested that the bioactive HLSQW components puerarin, baicalin, and daidzin exhibit high binding affinity to the active site of 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLpro) to form stable ligand-protein complexes, thereby suppressing SARS-CoV-2 replication. In addition, our results also demonstrated protective effects of the HLSQW extract against cell injury induced by the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, against reactive oxygen species production and nuclear factor-κB activity in normal human lung cells in vitro. To conclude, HLSQW is a potential TCM remedy that warrants further study with the aim of developing an effective treatment for COVID-19 in the future.
Headaches associated with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection: A prospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Souza Delon D , Shivde Sonia , Awatare Poonam , Avati Amrutha , John Saji K , Badachi Sagar , Nadig Raghunandan , Sarma GRK , Mathew Thomas
Published: October 2021

Objectives:

The prevalence and characteristics of COVID-19-related headaches are not known in Indian patients. We aim to determine the prevalence and characteristics of headache in COVID-19-infected individuals and make a comparison with those without headaches.

Methods:

This prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted from 1 October to 31 October 2020. Data were collected using a detailed questionnaire. We compared the data of those with and without headaches to identify the differences between the groups.

Results:

During the study period of 1 month, among 225 COVID-19-infected patients, 33.8% patients had headaches. The mean age of patients with headache was 48.89 ± 15.19 years. In all, 53.9% were females. In 65.8%, headache occurred at the onset of viral illness; 44.7% described the headache as dull aching; 39.5% had bifrontal headache; and 32.9% had holocranial headache. In total, 78.9% had complete resolution of headache within 5 days. A comparison between those with and without headaches showed that those with headaches were more younger (48.89 ± 15.19 vs 54.61 ± 14.57 years, p = 0.007) and of female gender (41/76(53.9%) vs 41/149 (27.5%), p = 0.001). Primary headache disorders were more common in the headache group. Levels of inflammatory markers such as leukocyte count (7234.17 ± 3054.96 vs 8773.35 ± 5103.65, p = 0.017), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (39.28 ± 23.29 vs 50.41 ± 27.61, p = 0.02) and ferritin (381.06 ± 485.2 vs 657.10 ± 863.80, p = 0.014) were lower in those with headaches.

Conclusions:

Headaches are a common and early symptom of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection more frequently seen in young females and in those with a history of primary headache disorders. The lower level of inflammatory markers in those with headaches suggests that these headaches are probably due to the local spread of virus through the trigeminal nerve endings, resulting in activation of the trigeminovascular system.
The roles of basophils in mediating the immune responses
Authors: Zhang Na , Zhang Ze-Ming , Wang Xiao-Fei
Published: October 2021

Basophils are the rarest blood cell population and have not been extensively studied. Our understanding of the functions of basophils is limited to their roles as the main effector cells in hypersensitivity reactions. Similar to mast cells, basophils express high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI), contain granules, and release hypersensitivity-associated mediators (such as histamine). The roles of basophils have not been fully elucidated; however, with the rapid development of monoclonal techniques, high-purity cell sorting techniques, and basophil-deficient mouse models, understanding of the functions and phenotypes of basophils has increased. This facilitates further investigations on the relationships between basophils and host immunity. Basophils are not only involved in mediating the generation of allergic reactions but also play important roles in immunomodulation and are responsible for the onset of infectious, allergic, and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the progress in understanding the roles of basophils in mediating immune responses with an emphasis on autoimmune diseases, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
Aggravation of Ossified Ligamentum Flavum Lesion Is Associated With the Degree of Obesity
Authors: Endo Tsutomu , Koike Yoshinao , Hisada Yuichiro , Fujita Ryo , Suzuki Ryota , Tanaka Masaru , Tsujimoto Takeru , Shimamura Yukitoshi , Hasegawa Yuichi , Kanayama Masahiro , Yamada Katsuhisa , Iwata Akira , Sudo Hideki , Ishii Misaki , Iwasaki Norimasa , Takahata Masahiko
Published: October 2021

Study Design:

Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Objectives:

There is insufficient data on the clinical features of ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) of the thoracic spine and the risk of progression of ossified lesions. The link between obesity and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), which frequently coexists with OLF, has been demonstrated. However, the link between obesity and OLF has not been recognized. We aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity in thoracic OLF and whether the severity of OLF is associated with the degree of obesity.

Methods:

A total of 204 symptomatic Japanese subjects with thoracic OLF and 136 subjects without spinal ligament ossification as controls were included. OLF subjects were divided into 3 groups: 1) localized OLF (OLF <2-intervertebral regions); 2) multilevel OLF (OLF ≥3-intervertebral regions); and 3) OLF + OPLL. The severity of OLF was quantified using the OLF index using computed tomography imaging of the entire spine.

Results:

The proportion of severely obese subjects (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) was significantly higher both in the multilevel OLF group (25.5%) and the OLF + OPLL group (44.3%) than in the localized OLF group (3.6%) and the control group (1.4%) ( P < 0.01). BMI, age, and coexistence of cervical OPLL and lumbar OLF were associated with thoracic OLF index in the multiple regression analysis.

Conclusions:

Our findings demonstrated that obesity is a distinct feature of multilevel OLF in the thoracic spine and that the severity of OLF is associated with the degree of obesity.
Investigating the Effect of Broad Money Supply on Stock Market Index and Market Capitalization: Evidence from Liberalized India
Authors: Bhattacharjee Animesh , Das Joy
Published: October 2021

The present study investigates the effect of changes in money supply on both Indian stock market sensitive index and stock market overall capitalization by employing unit root test with break point, Johansen’s cointegration test, vector error correction (VEC) model, VEC Granger causality test, variance decomposition, and impulse response function. The result of the unit root test reveals that all the variables are nonstationary in levels but become stationary at the first-order difference. The unit root test further reveals that there are structural breaks in the mid-1990s or 2000s. The Johansen’s cointegration test reveals that the Indian stock market index and stock market capitalization are individually cointegrated with money supply. Further, the long-run co-movement between the Indian stock market and money supply and stock market capitalization and money supply is found to be positive. The results of the VEC model shows that the error correction term in the lnSENSEX–lnMS model is negative and statistically significant, while the error correction term in the lnMARCAP–lnMS model is found to be insignificant. The VEC Granger causality test shows that there is no short-run causal relationship between the variables. The variance decomposition indicates that both Indian stock market index and stock market capitalization are strongly exogenous. The impulse response function suggests that money supply has an immediate positive effect on both Indian stock market index and stock market capitalization. The investors and fund managers should take investment decisions keeping in view the positive co-movement of Indian stock market performance and broad money supply. The study recommends that the government should avoid aggressive tightening of money supply.
Contemporary Sterilization Protocols of Healing Abutments for Reusability: A Systematic Review
Authors: Eswaramurthy P. , Aras M. , DSouza K.M. , Nagarsekar A. , Gaunkar R.B.
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

Although healing abutments are designated for single use by most implant manufacturers, it is common practice for clinicians to reuse healing abutments. However, there is a lack of adequate references that describe detailed sterilization protocols for reuse of healing abutments.

Objectives:

The purpose of this systematic review was to compile, organize, and describe the most common techniques for the sterilization of healing abutments and their efficiency in eliminating traces of microorganisms.

Methods:

An electronic search in 5 different databases was performed, including the National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE via PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from January 2000 to December 2020. Search variables included were dental implant, healing abutment, contaminate, contamination, reuse, and sterilization. Studies reporting with a minimum sample size of 10 healing abutments (5 per group) published in the English language were evaluated. Risk of bias assessment was elaborated for included investigations.

Results:

In total, 812 articles were identified, of which 8 were included in the analysis. Steam autoclave was the most widely used form of resterilization. Not a single protocol, however, was able to achieve 100% virgin surface of the healing abutments.

Conclusion:

Although reuse of dental implant healing abutments is a cost-effective measure in dental practice, thorough surface decontamination followed by resterilization is highly recommended before reuse.

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

With consideration of cost and patient preference, results of this review would be useful in knowing various sterilization protocols for reusing healing abutments that could lead to more appropriate therapeutic decisions.
GhGASA10–1 promotes the cell elongation in fiber development through the phytohormones IAA-induced
Authors: Chen Baojun , Sun Yaru , Tian Zailong , Fu Guoyong , Pei Xinxin , Pan Zhaoe , Nazir Mian Faisal , Song Song , Li Hongge , Wang Xiaoyang , Qin Ning , Shang Jiandong , Miao Yuchen , He Shoupu , Du Xiongming
Published: October 2021

Background

Cotton is an important cash crop. The fiber length has always been a hot spot, but multi-factor control of fiber quality makes it complex to understand its genetic basis. Previous reports suggested thatOsGASR9promotes germination, width, and thickness by GAs in rice, while the overexpression ofAtGASA10leads to reduced silique length, which is likely to reduce cell wall expansion. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the function ofGhGASA10in cotton fibers development.

Results

To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying fiber elongation regulation concerningGhGASA10–1, we revealed an evolutionary basis, gene structure, and expression. Our results emphasized the conservative nature ofGASAfamily with its origin in lower fern plantsS. moellendorffii.GhGASA10–1was localized in the cell membrane, which may synthesize and transport secreted proteins to the cell wall. Besides,GhGASA10–1promoted seedling germination and root extension in transgenicArabidopsis, indicating thatGhGASA10–1promotes cell elongation. Interestingly,GhGASA10–1was upregulated by IAA at fiber elongation stages.

Conclusion

We propose thatGhGASA10–1may promote fiber elongation by regulating the synthesis of cellulose induced by IAA, to lay the foundation for future research on the regulation networks ofGASA10–1in cotton fiber development.
Co-expression of YAP and TAZ associates with chromosomal instability in human cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Tóth Marcell , Wehling Lilija , Thiess Lena , Rose Fabian , Schmitt Jennifer , Weiler Sofia M. E. , Sticht Carsten , De La Torre Carolina , Rausch Melina , Albrecht Thomas , Grabe Niels , Duwe Lea , Andersen Jesper B. , Köhler Bruno C. , Springfeld Christoph , Mehrabi Arianeb , Kulu Yakup , Schirmacher Peter , Roessler Stephanie , Goeppert Benjamin , Breuhahn Kai
Published: October 2021

Background

Activation of the oncogene yes-associated protein (YAP) is frequently detected in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA); however, the expression pattern and the functional impact of its paralogue WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (WWTR1; synonym: TAZ) are not well described in different CCA subtypes.

Methods

Immunohistochemical analysis of YAP and TAZ in iCCA and extrahepatic CCA (eCCA) cohorts was performed. YAP/TAZ shuttling and their functional impact on CCA cell lines were investigated. Target genes expression after combined YAP/TAZ inhibition was analyzed.

Results

Immunohistochemical analysis of iCCA and eCCA revealed YAP or TAZ positivity in up to 49.2%; however, oncogene co-expression was less frequent (up to 23%). In contrast, both proteins were jointly detectable in most CCA cell lines and showed nuclear/cytoplasmic shuttling in a cell density-dependent manner. Next to the pro-proliferative function of YAP/TAZ, both transcriptional co-activators cooperated in the regulation of a gene signature that indicated the presence of chromosomal instability (CIN). A correlation between YAP and the CIN marker phospho-H2A histone family member X (pH2AX) was particularly observed in tissues from iCCA and distal CCA (dCCA). The presence of the CIN genes in about 25% of iCCA was statistically associated with worse prognosis.

Conclusions

YAP and TAZ activation is not uncoupled from cell density in CCA cells and both factors cooperatively contribute to proliferation and expression of CIN-associated genes. The corresponding group of CCA patients is characterized by CIN and may benefit from YAP/TAZ-directed therapies.
Suppressor of variegation 3–9 homologue 1 impairment and neutrophil-skewed systemic inflammation are associated with comorbidities in COPD
Authors: Chen Tzu-Tao , Wu Sheng-Ming , Chen Kuan-Yuan , Tseng Chien-Hua , Ho Shu-Chuan , Chuang Hsiao-Chi , Feng Po-Hao , Liu Wen-Te , Han Chia-Li , Huang Erick Wan-Chun , Yeh Yun-Kai , Lee Kang-Yun
Published: October 2021

Background

Systemic manifestations and comorbidities are characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and are probably due to systemic inflammation. The histone methyltransferase SUV39H1 controls the Th1/Th2 balance. We previously reported that reduced SUV39H1 expression contributed to abnormal inflammation in COPD. Here, we aimed to determine whether impaired SUV39H1 expression in COPD patients associated with neutrophilic/eosinophilic inflammation responses and comorbidities.

Methods

A total of 213 COPD patients and 13 healthy controls were recruited from the Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University. SUV39H1 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 13 healthy and 30 COPD participants were measured by immunoblotting. We classified the patients into two groups based on low (fold change, FC < 0.5) and high SUV39H1 expression (FC ≥ 0.5) compared to normal controls. Clinical outcomes including neutrophil or eosinophil counts associated with SUV39H1-related inflammation were evaluated by Chi square analyses or Mann–Whitney U test. The correlations between the percentage of neutrophils and number of COPD comorbidities or Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores were performed by Spearman’s rank analysis.

Results

Low SUV39H1 expression group had high neutrophil counts relative to high SUV39H1expression group. In the COPD cohort, the high comorbidity group (≥ 2 comorbidities) had higher counts of whole white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil, and lower proportion of eosinophil and eosinophil/neutrophil, as compared with low comorbidity group (0 and 1 comorbidities). The quantity of neutrophils was associated with COPD comorbidities (Spearman's r = 0.388, p < 0.001), but not with CCI scores. We also found that the high comorbidity group had more exacerbations per year compared with low comorbidity group (1.5 vs. 0.9 average exacerbations, p = 0.005). However, there were no significant differences between groups with these non-frequent (0–1 exacerbation) and frequent exacerbations per year (> 1 exacerbation) in numbers of WBC and proportion of neutrophils, eosinophils or eosinophil/neutrophil. Finally, patients with high comorbidities had lower SUV39H1 levels in their PBMCs than did those with low comorbidities.

Conclusion

Blood neutrophil counts are associated with comorbidities in COPD patients. Impaired SUV39H1 expression in PBMCs from COPD patients are correlated with neutrophilic inflammation and comorbidities.
The cross-sectional effects of ribbon arch wires on Class II malocclusion intermaxillary traction: a three-dimensional finite element analysis
Authors: Xie Qin , Li Duo
Published: October 2021

Background

The application of intermaxillary traction is often accompanied by the unexpected movement of dentition, especially anchorage teeth. The aim of this study was to comprehensively compare the influence of cross-sectional shape of ribbon arch wires with edgewise and round wires on intermaxillary traction in Class II malocclusion treatment using FEA simulation.

Methods

The dentofacial structure was simulated in finite element software. A retraction force of 1.5 N was applied to different cross-sectional orthodontic arch wires: a ribbon wire (0.025 × 0.017-in. and 0.025 × 0.019-in.), a rectangular wire (0.017 × 0.025-in. and 0.019 × 0.025-in.) and a round wire (Φ 0.018-in. and Φ 0.020-in.).

Results

Among the three groups, ribbon wire (0.025 × 0.017-in. and 0.025 × 0.019-in.) exhibited the lowest displacement in the X-axis (12.61 μm and 12.77 μm, respectively) and Z-axis (8.99 μm and 9.06 μm, respectively). However, the 0.025 × 0.017-in. ribbon wire showed the highest Y-axis displacement. In the round wire group, Φ 0.020-in. wire displayed less rotation than Φ 0.018-in. wire, where the sagittal, frontal and occlusal rotation of Φ 0.020-in. wire was almost half of that of Φ 0.018-in. wire. The movement of the first molar region was intermediate between the ribbon arch group and the round wire group. Notably, the values of the 0.025 × 0.017-in. arch wire displacement, which were higher than those of any other group, peaked at 0.019 mm in the central incisor region with a spike-like shape. The deformation range of the Φ 0.018-in. wire group was the largest in this study.

Conclusions

The cross-section of the arch wire influenced force delivery in Class II intermaxillary traction. With the same shape, a larger cross-sectional area led to less mandibular dentition movement. For the rectangular arch wire and ribbon arch wire groups, since the height and width were inverted, the vertical displacement of anchorage teeth in the ribbon wire group was reduced, but the possibility of buccal tipping in mandibular anterior teeth also increased.
Process evaluation of a complex workplace intervention to prevent musculoskeletal pain in nursing staff: results from INTEVAL_Spain
Authors: Soler-Font Mercè , Ramada José Maria , Merelles Antoni , Amat Anna , de la Flor Carmen , Martínez Olga , Palma-Vasquez Claudia , Sancho Consuelo , Peña Pilar , Bültmann Ute , van Zon Sander K. R. , Serra Consol
Published: October 2021

Background

INTEVAL_Spain was a complex workplace intervention to prevent and manage musculoskeletal pain among nursing staff. Process evaluations can be especially useful for complex and multifaceted interventions through identifying the success or failure factors of an intervention to improve the intervention implementation.

Objectives

This study performed a process evaluation of INTEVAL_Spain and aimed to examine whether the intervention was conducted according to the protocol, to investigate the fulfilment of expectations and the satisfaction of workers.

Methods

The intervention was a two-armed cluster randomized controlled trial and lasted 1 year. The process evaluation included quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative methods were used to address the indicators of Steckler and Linnan’s framework. Data on recruitment was collected through a baseline questionnaire for the intervention and the control group. Reach and dose received were collected through participation sheets, dose delivered and fidelity through internal registries, and fulfilment of expectations and satisfaction were collected with two questions at 12-months follow-up. Qualitative methods were used for a content analysis of discussion groups at the end of the intervention led by an external moderator to explore satisfaction and recommendations. The general communication and activities were discussed, and final recommendations were agreed on. Data were synthesized and results were reported thematically.

Results

The study was performed in two Spanish hospitals during 2016-2017 and 257 workers participated. Recruitment was 62 and 51% for the intervention and the control group, respectively. The reach of the activities ranged from 96% for participatory ergonomics to 5% for healthy diet. The number of sessions offered ranged from 60 sessions for Nordic walking to one session for healthy diet. Fidelity of workers ranged from 100% for healthy diet and 79% for participatory ergonomics, to 42 and 39% for Nordic walking and case management, respectively. Lowest fidelity of providers was 75% for case management and 82% for Nordic walking. Fulfilment of expectations and satisfaction ranged from 6.6/10 and 7.6/10, respectively, for case management to 10/10 together for the healthy diet session. Discussion groups revealed several limitations for most of the activities, mainly focused on a lack of communication between the Champion (coordinator) and the workers.

Conclusions

This process evaluation showed that the implementation of INTEVAL_Spain was predominantly carried out as intended. Process indicators differed depending on the activity. Several recommendations to improve the intervention implementation process are proposed.

Trial registration

ISRCTN15780649.