bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alexithymia, reward sensitivity and excessive exercise in non-binge-eaters versus severe binge eaters: Implications for primary and secondary exercise dependence
Authors: Lyvers Michael , Truncali Joseph , Stapleton Peta , Thorberg Fred Arne
Published: August 2022

A distinction has been made between primary and secondary exercise dependence, with the latter defined as excessive exercise secondary to disordered eating and weight concerns. Based on theoretical considerations from research on the roles of trait factors in addictions, the present study used validated scales to assess alexithymia, sensitivity to reward and punishment, emotion regulation and interoception in relation to exercise dependence symptoms in Australian male and female non-binge eaters (n = 228) and severe binge eaters (n = 126) aged 18–30 yr. In both groups, exercise dependence symptoms were significantly positively associated with reward sensitivity and interoceptive awareness, with the latter two variables predicting exercise dependence symptoms in hierarchical regression models; punishment sensitivity was significantly negatively related to such symptoms. Alexithymia was significantly associated with exercise dependence symptoms only in non-binge eaters; in severe binge eaters, alexithymia explained 0% of unique variance. Male sex was associated with more exercise dependence symptoms in severe binge eaters only. Participants in the severe binge group scored significantly higher on measures of exercise dependence, alexithymia, risky alcohol use, and sensitivity to reward and punishment, and significantly lower on emotion regulation, compared to those in the non-binge group. Hierarchical regression models explained 25% of variance in exercise dependence symptoms in non-binge-eaters and 43% in severe binge eaters. Findings are discussed in terms of the distinction between primary and secondary exercise dependence, the role of alexithymia, study limitations including data collection during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia, and suggestions for future research.
Personalized Spiking Neural Network Models of Clinical and Environmental Factors to Predict Stroke
Authors: Doborjeh Maryam , Doborjeh Zohreh , Merkin Alexander , Krishnamurthi Rita , Enayatollahi Reza , Feigin Valery , Kasabov Nikola
Published: August 2022

The high incidence of stroke occurrence necessitates the understanding of its causes and possible ways for early prediction and prevention. In this respect, statistical methods offer the “big picture,” but they have a weak predictive ability at an individual level. This research proposes a new personalized modeling method based on computational spiking neural networks (SNN) for the identification of causal associations between clinical and environmental time series data that can be used to predict individual stroke events. The method is tested on 804 stroke patients. Given a clinical data set of patients who experienced a stroke in the past and the corresponding environmental time-series data for a selected time-window before the stroke event, the method identifies the clusters of individuals with a high risk for stroke under similar conditions. The methodology involves a pipeline of processes when creating a personalized model for an individual $$x$$
x
: (1) selecting a group of individuals $$Gx$$

Gx

with similar personal records to $$x$$
x
; (2) training a personalized SNN $$x$$
x
model of several days of environmental data related to the $$Gx$$

Gx

group to predict the risk of stroke for $$x$$
x
at least one day earlier; (3) model interpretability through 3D visualization; (4) discovery of personalized predictive markers. The results are twofold, first proposing a new computational methodology and second presenting new findings. It is found that certain environmental factors, such as SO2, PM10, CO, and PM2.5, increase the risk of stroke if an individual $$x$$
x
belongs to a certain cluster of people, characterized by a combination of family history of stroke and diabetes, overweight, vascular/heart disease, age, and other. For the used population data, the proposed method can predict accurately individual risk of stroke before the day of the stroke. The paper presents a new methodology for personalized machine learning methods to define subgroups of the population with a high risk of stroke and to predict early individual risk of the stroke event. This makes the proposed cognitive computation method useful to reduce morbidity and mortality in society. The method is broadly applicable for predicting individual risk of other diseases and mental health conditions.
The liver transplant surgeon Mondays blues: an Italian perspective
Authors: Quaresima Silvia , Mennini Gianluca , Manzia Tommaso M. , Avolio Alfonso W. , Angelico Roberta , Spoletini Gabriele , Lai Quirino
Published: August 2022

Poor data exist on the influence of holidays and weekdays on the number and the results of liver transplantation (LT) in Italy. The study’s main objective is to investigate the impact of holidays and the different days of the week on the LT number and early graft survival rates in a multi-centric Italian series. We performed a retrospective analysis on 1,026 adult patients undergoing first deceased-donor transplantation between January 2004 and December 2018 in the three university centers in Rome. During the 4,504 workdays, 881 LTs were performed (85.9%; one every 5.1 days on average). On the opposite, 145 LTs were done during the 975 holidays (14.1%; one every 7.1 days on average). Fewer LTs were performed on holidays (P = 0.004). There were no substantial differences in donor-, recipient- and transplant-related characteristics in LTs performed on weekdays or holidays. On Monday, fewer transplants were performed (vs. other weekdays: P < 0.0001; vs. Sunday: P = 0.03). At multivariable Cox regression analysis, LTs performed during the holiday or during the different days of the week were not found to be independent risk factors for the risk of 3- and 12-month graft loss. At three-month survival curves, no differences were observed among the transplants performed during the holidays versus the workdays (86.2 vs. 85.0%; P-0.70). The range of graft survival rates based on the day of the week was 81.6–86.9%, without showing any significant differences (P = 0.57). Fewer transplants are performed on holidays and Mondays. Survivals are not affected by holidays or the day the transplant is performed.
Analysis of Key Disciplinary Parameters in Floating Offshore Wind Turbines with An AI-Based SADA Method
Authors: Chen Peng , Hu Zhi-qiang
Published: August 2022

Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) are a promising offshore renewable energy harvesting facility but requesting multiple-disciplinary analysis for their dynamic performance predictions. However, engineering-fidelity level tools and the empirical parameters pose challenges due to the strong nonlinear coupling effects of FOWTs. A novel method, named SADA, was proposed by Chen and Hu (2021) for optimizing the design and dynamic performance prediction of FOWTs in combination with AI technology. In the SADA method, the concept of Key Disciplinary Parameters (KDPs) is also proposed, and it is of crucial importance in the SADA method. The purpose of this paper is to make an in-depth investigation of the characters of KDPs and the internal correlations between different KDPs in the dynamic performance prediction of FOWTs. Firstly, a brief description of SADA is given, and the basin experimental data are used to conduct the training process of SADA. Secondly, categories and boundary conditions of KDPs are introduced. Three types of KDPs are given, and different boundary conditions are used to analyze KDPs. The results show that the wind and current in Environmental KDPs are strongly correlated with the percentage difference of dynamic response rather than that by wave parameters. In general, the optimization results of SADA consider the specific basin environment and the coupling results between different KDPs help the designers further understand the factors that have a more significant impact on the FOWTs system in a specific domain.
Direct analysis of thorium(IV) ions concentration in water samples using a new carbon paste electrode
Authors: Akl Zeinab F. , Ali Tamer A.
Published: August 2022

The radioactive and hazardous nature of thorium demands the fabrication of efficient electrodes for its sensitive and selective monitoring in aqueous environments. The present paper reports the construction and characterization of a new carbon paste electrode (CPE) chemically modified by octyl phenyl acid phosphate (OPAP) as a selective recognition agent for the potentiometric assay of thorium(IV) ions. Improved sensitivity, electrical conductivity, and selectivity were achieved by incorporating oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (o-MWCNTs) into the carbon paste composition. The electrochemical performance of the developed electrode was evaluated regarding the paste ingredients, response time, and working pH range. The standard CPE potentials, E°, were determined at various temperatures and the isothermal temperature coefficient was calculated. The optimized CPE showed a Nernstian slope of 14.65 ± 0.38 mV decade−1 over the concentration range of 4.82 × 10–7–1.00 × 10–1 mol L−1. The electrode possessed a short response time (9 s), independence of the solution pH over the range of 2.5–5.5, and a relatively long operational lifetime (˃ 3 months). The selectivity coefficients indicated the good discrimination ability of the developed CPE towards thorium(IV) ion compared to various common ions. Aiming to judge the practical utility of the developed CPE, it was successfully used for the potentiometric analysis of thorium(IV) ions in various real aqueous matrices with sensible results.
Every commutative JB$$^*$$-triple satisfies the complex Mazur–Ulam property
Authors: Cabezas David , Cueto-Avellaneda María , Hirota Daisuke , Miura Takeshi , Peralta Antonio M.
Published: August 2022

We prove that every commutative JB$$^*$$∗-triple, represented as a space of continuous functions$$C_0^{\mathbb {T}}(L),$$C0T(L),satisfies the complex Mazur–Ulam property, that is, every surjective isometry from the unit sphere of$$C_0^{\mathbb {T}}(L)$$C0T(L)onto the unit sphere of any complex Banach space admits an extension to a surjective real linear isometry between the spaces.
Improved carrier dynamics in nickel/urea-functionalized carbon nitride for ethanol photoreforming
Authors: Gunawan Denny , Toe Cui Ying , Sun Kaiwen , Scott Jason , Amal Rose
Published: August 2022

Photoreforming has been shown to accelerate the H2 evolution rate compared to water splitting due to thermodynamically favorable organic oxidation. In addition, the potential to simultaneously produce solar fuel and value-added chemicals is a significant benefit of photoreforming. To achieve an efficient and economically viable photoreforming process, the selection and design of an appropriate photocatalyst is essential. Carbon nitride is promising as a metal-free photocatalyst with visible light activity, high stability, and low fabrication cost. However, it typically exhibits poor photogenerated charge carrier dynamics, thereby resulting in low photocatalytic performance. Herein, we demonstrate improved carrier dynamics in urea-functionalized carbon nitride with in situ photodeposited Ni cocatalyst (Ni/Urea-CN) for ethanol photoreforming. In the presence of 1 mM Ni2+ precursor, an H2 evolution rate of 760.5 µmol h−1 g−1 and an acetaldehyde production rate of 888.2 µmol h−1 g−1 were obtained for Ni/Urea-CN. The enhanced activity is ascribed to the significantly improved carrier dynamics in Urea-CN. The ability of oxygen moieties in the urea group to attract electrons and to increase the hole mobility via a positive shift in the valence band promotes an improvement in the overall carrier dynamics. In addition, high crystallinity and specific surface area of the Urea-CN contributed to accelerating charge separation and transfer. As a result, the electrons were efficiently transferred from Urea-CN to the Ni cocatalyst for H2 evolution while the holes were consumed during ethanol oxidation. The work demonstrates a means by which carrier dynamics can be tuned by engineering carbon nitride via edge functionalization.

Graphical abstract
Energy-Aware Scheduling of Two-Stage Flexible Flow Shop Based on Group Technology: Consideration of the Inconsistency of Process Differences
Authors: Zeng Zhiqiang , Gao Le , Hong Zhiyong
Published: August 2022

The diversity of consumer demand makes the manufacturing industry shift from the production mode of small variety and large batch to the production mode of multi-variety and small batch, which leads to the increase of production cost and the decrease of production efficiency, especially the increase of energy consumption. In this paper, the energy-aware scheduling problem of two-stage flexible flow shop based on group technology is studied, in which the process differences of jobs in the two stages are inconsistent. To solve the problem of unbalanced load of machines caused by group technology, this paper uses a dynamic splitting strategy to balance the load of machines on the basis of increasing the setup energy consumption as little as possible. Considering that the research problem is a multi-objective optimization problem, this study develops an improved multi-objective scatter search algorithm. According to the characteristics of the problem, the coding scheme, decoding scheme, diversity generation method and combination method are designed. The experimental results show that the group technology can effectively reduce energy consumption, and the dynamic split strategy can balance the load of machines effectively. Moreover, the results show the proposed method is better than the existing methods in terms of obtaining better solutions.
CHDbase: A Comprehensive Knowledgebase for Congenital Heart Disease-Related Genes and Clinical Manifestations
Authors: Zhou Wei-Zhen , Li Wenke , Shen Huayan , Wang Ruby W. , Chen Wen , Zhang Yujing , Zeng Qingyi , Wang Hao , Yuan Meng , Zeng Ziyi , Cui Jinhui , Li Chuan-Yun , Ye Fred Y. , Zhou Zhou
Published: August 2022

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common causes of major birth defects, with a prevalence of 1%. Although an increasing number of studies have reported the etiology of CHD, the findings scattered throughout the literature are difficult to retrieve and utilize in research and clinical practice. We therefore developed CHDbase, an evidence-based knowledgebase of CHD-related genes and clinical manifestations manually curated from 1114 publications, linking 1124 susceptibility genes and 3591 variations to more than 300 CHD types and related syndromes. Metadata such as the information of each publication and the selected population and samples, the strategy of studies, and the major findings of studies were integrated with each item of the research record. We also integrated functional annotations through parsing ∼ 50 databases/tools to facilitate the interpretation of these genes and variations in disease pathogenicity. We further prioritized the significance of these CHD-related genes with a gene interaction network approach and extracted a core CHD sub-network with 163 genes. The clear genetic landscape of CHD enables the phenotype classification based on the shared genetic origin. Overall, CHDbase provides a comprehensive and freely available resource to study CHD susceptibilities, supporting a wide range of users in the scientific and medical communities. CHDbase is accessible at http://chddb.fwgenetics.org.
Pedagogical Virtues: An Account of the Intellectual Virtues of a Teacher
Authors: Clemente Noel L.
Published: August 2022

The overlap between virtue epistemology and the philosophy of education has been dominated by discussions of the epistemic qualities of good learners, that is, the intellectual virtues that must be nurtured in students. Not much has been said about the epistemic qualities of good teachers expressed in virtue-theoretic terms. This paper offers a preliminary account of such qualities, which are designated as pedagogical virtues. I use Battaly's pluralist conception of intellectual virtue as a starting point, then describe a pedagogical virtue as an intellectual virtue with an other-regarding success or motivational component. I end with an elucidation of the pedagogical versions of two mainstream intellectual virtues, perseverance and inquisitiveness.
The association between dairy products consumption and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Zifan , Wu Donghong , Gao Sirui , Zhou Dongda , Zeng Xiaoying , Yao Yuxuan , Xu Yilin , Zeng Guohua
Published: August 2022

In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the relationship between the consumption of dairy products and the risk of prostate cancer. We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases for relevant articles and identified a total of thirty-three cohort studies between 1989 and 2020. The qualities of included studies were assessed using Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Pooled adjusted relative risks (RR) with 95 % CI were calculated. We performed subgroup analyses stratified by dairy type, prostate cancer type, follow-up years, treatment era, collection times, adjustment for confounders and geographic location. In the subgroup analysis stratified by prostate cancer type, the pooled RR were 0·98 (95 % CI 0·94, 1·03) in the advanced group, 1·10 (95 % CI 0·98, 1·24) in the non-advanced group and 0·92 (95 % CI 0·84, 1·00) in the fatal group. In the dose–response analysis, a positive association for the risk of prostate cancer was observed for total dairy products 400 g/d (RR: 1·02; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·03), total milk 200 g/d (RR: 1·02; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·03), cheese 40 g/d (RR: 1·01; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·03) and butter 50 g/d (RR: 1·03; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·05). A decreased risk was observed for the intake of whole milk 100 g/d (RR: 0·97; 95 % CI 0·96, 0·99). Our meta-analysis suggests that high intakes of dairy products may be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer; however, since many of the studies were affected by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening bias, additional studies with an adjustment of PSA screening are needed.
Alcohol intake and the risk of glioma: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis of observational study
Authors: Shu Long , Yu Dan , Jin Fubi
Published: August 2022

The association between alcohol intake and the risk of glioma has been widely studied, but these results have yielded conflicting findings. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and updated meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the association between alcohol intake and the risk of glioma. A systematic literature search of relevant articles published in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wan fang databases up to December 2021 was conducted. Pooled estimated of relative risk (RR) and 95 % CI were calculated using fixed-effects models. A total of eight articles with three case–control studies involving 2706 glioma cases and 2 189 927 participants were included in this meta-analysis. A reduced risk of glioma was shown for the low–moderate alcohol drinking v. non-drinking (RR = 0·87; 95 % CI (0·78, 0·97); P = 0·014). In addition, there was no evidence of an increased risk of glioma in the heavy alcohol drinking compared with non-drinking (RR = 0·89; 95 % CI (0·67, 1·18); P = 0·404). The findings suggest an inverse association between low–moderate alcohol drinking and the risk of glioma, in the absence, however, of a dose–response relationship. More prospective studies are needed to provide further insight into the association between alcohol drinking and glioma risk.
Triangulating evidence for the causal impact of single-intervention zinc supplement on glycaemic control for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trial and two-sample Mendelian randomisation
Authors: Wang Zhiyang , Ronsmans Carine , Woolf Benjamin
Published: August 2022

Although previous studies suggested the protective effect of Zn for type 2 diabetes (T2D), the unitary causal effect remains inconclusive. We investigated the causal effect of Zn as a single intervention on glycaemic control for T2D, using a systematic review of randomised controlled trials and two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR). Four primary outcomes were identified: fasting blood glucose/fasting glucose, HbA1c, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and serum insulin/fasting insulin level. In the systematic review, four databases were searched until June 2021. Studies, in which participants had T2D and intervention did not comprise another co-supplement, were included. Results were synthesised through the random-effects meta-analysis. In the two-sample MR, we used single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from MR-base, strongly related to Zn supplements, to infer the relationship causally, but not specified T2D. In the systematic review and meta-analysis, fourteen trials were included with overall 897 participants initially. The Zn supplement led to a significant reduction in the post-trial mean of fasting blood glucose (mean difference (MD): −26·52 mg/dl, 95 % CI (−35·13, −17·91)), HbA1c (MD: −0·52 %, 95 % CI: (−0·90, −0·13)) and HOMA-IR (MD: −1·65, 95 % CI (−2·62, −0·68)), compared to the control group. In the two-sample MR, Zn supplement with two SNP reduced the fasting glucose (inverse-variance weighted coefficient: −2·04 mmol/l, 95 % CI (−3·26, −0·83)). From the two methods, Zn supplementation alone may causally improve glycaemic control among T2D patients. The findings are limited by power from the small number of studies and SNP included in the systematic review and two-sample MR analysis, respectively.
Remote monitoring and control of the 2-DoF robotic manipulators over the internet
Authors: Hokmi Sadra , Haghi Shahab , Farhadi Alireza
Published: August 2022

This article is concerned with remote monitoring and control of the 2-degrees of freedom (DoF) robotic manipulators, which have nonlinear dynamics over the packet erasure channel, which is an abstract model for communication over the Internet, WiFi, or Zigbee modules. This type of communication is subject to imperfections, such as random packet dropout and rate distortion. These imperfections cause a significant challenge for monitoring and control of robotic manipulators in the industrial environments because sensitive data, such as sensor data and control commands may not ever reach to their destination resulting in significant performance degradation. Therefore, the effects of these imperfections must be compensated. In this article, we apply two coding and control techniques previously developed for the telepresence ad teleoperation of autonomous vehicles to compensate the effects of the above communication imperfections for remote monitoring and control of the 2-DoF robotic manipulators controlled over the packet erasure channel. To achieve this goal, we design a new linear controller and a new nonlinear controller for the 2-DoF robotic manipulators over the packet erasure channel. The first technique is based on the linearization method and the second technique uses a nonlinear controller. The performances of these two techniques for remote monitoring and control of robotic manipulators are evaluated and compared with each other in this paper. We illustrate their satisfactory performances in the presence of severe communication imperfections.
Wool Smuggling and the Royal Government in England, c.1337–63: Law Enforcement and the Moral Economy in the Late Middle Ages
Authors: Raven Matt
Published: August 2022

The process of law enforcement helped to shape the state in the Middle Ages. This article uses an extensive array of court records to provide the first detailed account of royal efforts to police the illegal export of wool in mid-fourteenth century England, when the wool trade was subjected to unprecedented levels of taxation and discussed in moral, as well as fiscal, terms. It shows that these efforts remained heavily centralized in terms of both personnel and institutional form when many other areas of royal law enforcement were becoming increasingly devolved. The article then situates this centralized enforcement form within contemporary criticisms of royal taxation, the place of the royal courts in the wider legal geography of commercial regulation, and the localized dynamic underpinning many legal processes. It argues that the enforcement process was shaped and, indeed, blunted by a critical debate over the extent of royal power and its place within England’s “moral economy.” By situating the regulation of the wool trade in this series of regulatory and economic contexts at a particularly important moment in the development of the late medieval tax state, this article reveals wool smuggling to be a subject of wider significance to historians interested in the nature and—particularly—the limits of royal power and royal law in medieval England.
Special issue on verse structure and linguistic modelling: introductory notes
Authors: MINKOVA DONKA , McCULLY CHRISTOPHER B.
Published: August 2022

Verse was first.

Verse and its forms have always held the attention of linguists and other humanists. Just over the last seven years there have been meetings spotlighting metrics at the University of Essex (2015), the University of Tallinn (2017), the University of Stockholm (2018), the University of Padua (2022) and most relevant to this special issue, a full session on historical metrics at the 2021 International Conference on English Historical Linguistics (ICHEL 21) in Leiden. Academic publishers, too, have over the same span brought out major new titles devoted to matters historical and metrical – Neidorf et al. (2016), Weiskott (2016), Cornelius (2017), Russom (2017), Gunkel & Hackstein (2017), Donoghue (2018), Duffell (2018), Putter & Jefferson (2018) and Ryan (2019) would here be representative – and it does not seem coincidental that in the UK, the Poet Laureate has been busy of late translating The Owl and the Nightingale into contemporary English (Armitage 2021) – a work that accompanies the same writer's earlier re-rendering of Gawain and the Green Knight (2009). The English language, with its intricacies, its long history of use as a literary medium and its spectacular formal developments in both verse and prose, figures largely in many of these renewed descriptions and analyses.
Family Ties that Bind: Decentralisation, Local Elites and the Provincial Administrative Organisations in Thailand
Authors: Nishizaki Yoshinori
Published: August 2022

Growing rapidly before the early 2000s, literature on provincial Thai politics has dwindled in recent years. This article makes a small attempt to redress this trend by highlighting one distinctive yet understudied emerging electoral dynamics in provincial Thailand. Specifically, drawing mainly on Thai-language primary sources, this paper shows that in the majority of Thailand's provinces, the Provincial Administrative Organisation, an electoral institution that has received an unprecedented amount of state funding in the post-1997 age of decentralisation, has enabled influential political families to retain and even increase their power. As political and economic power has been decentralised from Bangkok, it has ironically been centralised in the hands of a limited number of oligarchic provincial elites. This phenomenon is not an historical aberration; rather, it should be viewed as one manifestation or product of Thailand's enduring patrimonial culture, in which public officeholders’ positions are regarded as an extension of their personal or familial property. I conclude by discussing the Thai case theoretically and comparatively.
„Sich zuhause sicher fühlen“ beginnt im Spital
Authors: Häfliger Johanna , Kellerhals Sabine Degen , Grossmann Florian , Lauener Susanne Knüppel
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Hochdosierte Chemotherapien (HDC) und hämatopoetische Stammzelltransplantation (HSZT) sind komplexe Verfahren, die für Betroffene belastend sind. Zur Vorbereitung auf die Zeit zuhause benötigen sie bereits während des Spitalaufenthalts individuelle Begleitung und Edukation. Ziel: Es wurde untersucht, wie Patient_innen nach HDC mit oder ohne HSZT die Vorbereitungen auf die Zeit nach der Hospitalisation durch eine Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) Hämatologie erlebten und wie sie die Gestaltung ihres Alltags nach der Spitalentlassung erfuhren. Methode: Es wurden der qualitative Forschungsansatz "Interpretive Description" verwendet und elf Einzelinterviews mit sechs Teilnehmenden geführt. Die Texte wurden mehrmals gelesen, codiert, miteinander verglichen und ähnliche Inhalte mit den gleichen Codes bezeichnet. Ergebnisse: Patient_innen befinden sich in einem Prozess, "sich zunehmend sicherer fühlen". Dieser wird durch die Vorbereitung der APN unterstützt. Das zeigt sich während des Spitalaufenthalts an drei Themen: die Vertrauensbeziehung zur APN, der Gesamtüberblick der APN und die Stärkung des Gefühls von Sicherheit durch die APN. Zuhause setzt sich der Prozess "sich zunehmend sicherer fühlen" fort. Die Themen waren: zuhause ankommen, Wiederaufnehmen von Alltagsaktivitäten und Umsetzen der von der APN vermittelten Informationen. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Vorbereitung der APN unterstützt Patient_innen, ihren Alltag zuhause an ihre Situation angepasst zu gestalten. Dies weist darauf hin, dass die Vorbereitung der APN den Übergang vom Spital nach Hause erleichtert.
The Right Hemisphere and Ambiguity
Authors: Christman Stephen
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The Rorschach Test has evolved from an idiosyncratic projective personality test to an evidence-based performance test used widely in forensic settings. The current paper argues that Rorschach researchers should consider the role of two related neuropsychological factors in the assessment of Rorschach responding: the role of the right cerebral hemisphere in the perception of ambiguous figures and the role of individual differences (as a function of consistency of handedness) in responding to ambiguous stimuli. The right hemisphere is more fluent and flexible in the perception of ambiguous stimuli. Moreover, individuals with mixed/inconsistent hand preference have greater access to right hemisphere processing, and, accordingly, are more fluent and flexible in their perception of ambiguous stimuli. This raises the possibility of quantitative and qualitative differences in Rorschach responsivity as a function of test takers’ handedness. Implications of the presence of higher rates of schizotypy in inconsistent-handers are also discussed.
An Update on Social Touch
Authors: Capelli Elena , Grumi Serena , Fullone Eleonora , Rinaldi Elisa , Provenzi Livio
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Recent research suggests that early physical touch provided by caregivers play a critical role in cognitive and affective development. The discovery of the C-tactile fibers – which selectively respond to low-speed physical stimulations, such as maternal affectionate touch and caresses – opened a promising field of research into the physiological bases of human togetherness. Notably, C-tactile fiber stimulation is primarily elaborated in a specific brain area (i.e., the insula), which is involved in affective and socio-cognitive skills as well as in the development of an individual’s body image. In the present study, we provide a narrative overview of the research conducted so far on the role of maternal affectionate touch in infants’ cognitive and emotional development, and we highlight potential implications for clinical practice with children and adults.
Formation of an Al‐Rich Niccolite‐Type Silica in Subducted Oceanic Crust: Implications for Water Transport to the Deep Lower Mantle
Authors: Liu Lu , Yuan Hongsheng , Yao Yao , Yang Ziqiang , Gorelli Federico Aiace , Giordano Nico , He Lixin , Ohtani Eiji , Zhang Li
Published: August 2022

Subducted oceanic crust is enriched in free silica. Although being one of the silica polymorphs at lower‐mantle pressures, niccolite‐type phase (Nt‐phase) has not been documented in multicomponent metabasaltic or metasediment compositions relevant to subducting oceanic crust. Here, we report the formation of an Al‐rich Nt‐phase (∼24.4 to 32.4 wt% Al2O3), coexisting with Al‐depleted bridgmanite (∼6.4 to 7.6 wt% Al2O3), δ‐phase, and iron‐rich phase in model hydrated basalts over the pressure‐temperature range of 84–113 GPa and 1,800–2,200 K. Infrared spectroscopy of a pure synthetic Al‐rich Nt‐phase shows OH bending and stretching vibrations at high pressures, indicative of its hydrous nature. This study suggests that Al‐rich Nt‐phase can serve as a potential water carrier in subducted oceanic crust to the deep lower mantle.
The Tropical Pacific Annual Cycle and ENSO in PMIP4 Simulations of the Mid‐Holocene
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Atwood Alyssa R. , Nag Bappaditya , Cobb Kim M.
Published: August 2022

We investigate the tropical Pacific annual cycle and the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in four mid‐Holocene simulations. Our results show that both ENSO variability and the amplitude of the annual cycle of the tropical Pacific cold tongue are reduced under mid‐Holocene forcing, along with a modified annual cycle in ENSO variance. The weakened annual cycle of the cold tongue is attributed to an ocean dynamical response to westerly wind anomalies in the western equatorial Pacific in boreal spring in addition to a thermodynamic response to local insolation changes in the eastern Pacific. The anomalous westerly winds in boreal spring excite an annual downwelling Kelvin wave that deepens the thermocline and propagates eastward along the equator, reaching the central and eastern equatorial Pacific during the development season of ENSO in boreal summer. Upon reaching the eastern Pacific, the downwelling Kelvin wave deepens the near‐surface thermocline, warming the surface ocean and weakening the local ocean‐atmosphere coupling critical to the growth of ENSO events. The westerly wind anomaly is associated with a shift in convection in the western Pacific driven by greater cooling of the Maritime Continent than western Pacific Ocean during the first half of the year (January to June) under tropical insolation forcing. By elucidating a common set of mechanisms responsible for a reduced cold tongue annual cycle and ENSO variability in a diverse range of mid‐Holocene simulations, this work yields important insight into the linkages between the tropical Pacific annual cycle and ENSO that are critical for understanding tropical Pacific climate variability.
Volatile‐Rich Hydrothermal Plumes Over the Southern Central Indian Ridge, 24°49’S: Evidence for a New Hydrothermal Field Hosted by Ultramafic Rocks
Authors: Surya Prakash L. , John Kurian P. , Resing J. A. , Tsunogai U. , Srinivas Rao A. , Sen K. , Lupton J. E. , Baumberger T. , Prajith A. , Roy P.
Published: August 2022

Water column physico‐chemical studies were conducted over the southern Central Indian Ridge between 24°44’S and 25°52’S to identify and chemically characterize seafloor hydrothermal activity. High turbidity values were observed between 2300 and 2700 m with two distinct layers, between water depths of 2320–2500 m and 2510–2650 m, at two closely spaced CTD stations at 24°48.62’S (CTD‐17‐P5) and 24°48.68’S (CTD‐17‐P8). Elevated concentrations of dissolved Mn (DMn: 19–112 nM), dissolved Fe (DFe: 33–88 nM), methane (CH4: 32–246 nM), elevated δ3He values (28%–88%), and stable carbon isotope ratios of CH4 confirm the hydrothermal origin. In plume layer‐1, the maximum concentrations were observed at 2375m at P8 and in plume layer‐2, the maximum concentrations were observed at 2570 m at P5. The stable isotope ratios of methane (δ13C‐CH4) show that heavier isotopes are enriched (−13.2‰ to −14.7‰) in the plume waters and are similar to vent fluids on the global mid‐oceanic ridges. Further, morphological and mineralogical studies of plume particles, collected from the plume layer‐2 maxima, clearly show the presence of barite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and indicate possible venting of high‐temperature fluids in the vicinity of P5. Enrichment in methane relative to the other tracers and the general geochemical characteristics of these two plume layers, CH4/Mn (1.8–2.2); CH4/Δ3He (85–97 × 106), Mn/Δ3He (44–46 × 106), Fe/Δ3He (52–54 × 106), indicate that these plumes are formed from fluids released at the seafloor that circulated through ultramafic/gabbroic rocks. The high concentrations of dissolved gases and metals combined with the presence of sulfide particles in the water column provide evidence for a new ultramafic/gabbroic‐hosted hydrothermal vent field, at 24°49’S on the southern Central Indian Ridge.
Subduction Zone Interface Structure Within the Southern MW9.2 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake Asperity: Constraints From Receiver Functions Across a Spatially Dense Node Array
Authors: Onyango Evans A. , Worthington Lindsay L. , Schmandt Brandon , Abers Geoffrey A.
Published: August 2022

We conduct a high‐resolution teleseismic receiver function investigation of the subducting plate interface within the Alaskan forearc beneath Kodiak Island using data collected as part of the Alaska Amphibious Community Seismic Experiment in 2019. The Kodiak node array consisted of 398 nodal geophones deployed at ∼200–300 m spacing on northeastern Kodiak Island within the southern asperity of the 1964 Mw9.2 Great Alaska earthquake. Receiver function images at frequencies of 1.2 and 2.4 Hz show a coherent, slightly dipping velocity increase at ∼30–40 km depth consistent with the expected slab Moho. In contrast to studies within the northern asperity of the 1964 rupture, we find no evidence for a prominent low‐velocity layer above the slab Moho thick enough to be resolved by upgoing P‐to‐S conversions. These results support evidence from seismicity and geodetic strain suggesting that the 1964 rupture connected northern (Kenai) and southern (Kodiak) asperities with different plate interface properties.
Direct Constraints on Secondary HONO Production in Aged Wildfire Smoke From Airborne Measurements Over the Western US
Authors: Peng Qiaoyun , Palm Brett B. , Fredrickson Carley D. , Lee Ben H. , Hall Samuel R. , Ullmann Kirk , Weinheimer Andrew J. , Levin Ezra , DeMott Paul , Garofalo Lauren A. , Pothier Matson A. , Farmer Delphine K. , Fischer Emily V. , Thornton Joel A.
Published: August 2022

Nitrous acid (HONO) mixing ratios measured in aged wildfire smoke plumes were higher than expected from known homogeneous chemical reactions. In a representative smoke plume, intercepted hours to days downwind of the source, the missing HONO source was highly correlated to particulate nitrate photolysis and NO2 reactive uptake to particles. Using a multilinear regression involving these two sources, we could explain the missing HONO production in this plume (R2 = 0.77). The resulting fit parameters from this plume had good explanatory power (R2 = 0.64) for missing HONO production in other fire plumes. The mean enhancement factor for particulate nitrate photolysis relative to gas‐phase nitric acid photolysis was 63 and the mean NO2 reactive uptake coefficient to submicron aerosol surface area forming HONO was 4.9 × 10−4. Given the likelihood of other neglected secondary HONO sources, these values are upper‐limits, suggesting a need to revisit HONO formation mechanisms in aged wildfire smoke.
A Minimally Cemented Shallow Crust Beneath InSight
Authors: Wright Vashan , Dasent Jhardel , Kilburn Richard , Manga Michael
Published: August 2022

Ice and other mineral cements in Mars' shallow subsurface affect the mechanical properties of the shallow crust, the geologic processes that shape the planet's surface, and the search for past or extant Martian life. Cements increase seismic velocities. We use rock physics models to infer cement properties from seismic velocities. Model results confirm that the upper 300 m of Mars beneath InSight is most likely composed of sediments and fractured basalts. Grains within sediment layers are unlikely to be cemented by ice or other mineral cements. Hence, any existing cements are nodular or formed away from grain contacts. Fractures within the basalt layers could be filled with gas, 2% mineral cement and 98% gas, and no more than 20% ice. Thus, no ice‐ or liquid water‐saturated layers likely exist within the upper 300 m beneath InSight. Any past cement at grain contacts has likely been broken by impacts or marsquakes.
Response of Dry and Floating Saline Ice to Cyclic Compression
Authors: Wei Mingdong , Prasanna Malith , Cole David M. , Polojärvi Arttu
Published: August 2022

Laboratory experiments on saline ice are often performed on cold, isothermal and dry specimens out of convenience versus working with warm specimens or specimens floating in water. The laboratory conditions, thus, usually involve non‐natural conditions. This study compares cyclic loading experiments covering the main range of ocean wave periods performed on both dry, isothermal and warm, floating ice specimens. Results indicate that −2.5°C isothermal dry specimens have higher moduli than floating specimens with an average temperature of −2.5°C with a naturally occurring temperature gradient. Moreover, the dislocation density estimated using a physics‐based model and the strain energy density dissipated in 10−3–10−2 Hz loading‐unloading cycles are much lower for the −2.5°C dry specimens than for the −2.5°C floating specimens. Although the precise reason for the dislocation density difference requires further study, the results nonetheless contribute to the understanding and implementation of ice rheology and related geophysical modeling.
The 1820s Marks a Shift to Hotter‐Drier Summers in Western Europe Since 1360
Authors: Wang Lu , Liu Hongyan , Chen Deliang , Zhang Peng , Leavitt Steven , Liu Yu , Fang Congxi , Sun Changfeng , Cai Qiufang , Gui Zhengyang , Liang Boyi , Shi Liang , Liu Feng , Zheng Yukun , Grießinger Jussi
Published: August 2022

Recent soil moisture (SM) reconstructions revealed plunging trends and enhanced SM‐temperature couplings over the last two decades in dry regions. However, how SM changed and whether the land‐atmosphere interaction was intensified over time in humid regions remained unknown. Here we reported the first six‐century‐long regional summer SM reconstruction (1360–2000 CE) in western Europe (WE) using three individual tree‐ring δ18O chronologies in England and France. A sharp wet‐to‐dry change occurred around 1820, earlier than 1850–1900 CE, the commonly used historical baseline of anthropogenic climate changes. Enhanced coupling of SM‐temperature followed, with stronger summer sea level pressure anomalies in dry years after the 1820s. Our results reveal that the hotter‐drier regime has also become more frequent in humid WE under global warming.
High Latitude Modulation of the Holocene North American Monsoon
Authors: Routson Cody C. , Erb Michael P. , McKay Nicholas P.
Published: August 2022

The North American monsoon (NAM) is an important source of rainfall to much of Mexico and southwestern United States. Westerly winds (westerlies) can suppress monsoon circulation and impact monsoon timing, intensity, and extent. Recent Arctic warming is reducing the temperature gradient between the equator and the pole, which could weaken the westerlies; however, the implications of these changes on the NAM are uncertain. Here we present a new composite index of the Holocene NAM. We find monsoon strength reached a maximum circa 7,000 years ago and has weakened since then. Proxy observations of temperature, hydroclimate and upwelling, along with model simulations, show that the NAM was modulated by the westerlies over the Holocene. If the observed Holocene pattern holds for current warming, a weaker meridional temperature gradient and weaker westerlies could lead to a stronger future NAM.
Sulfur Isotopic Fractionation of the Youngest Chang'e‐5 Basalts: Constraints on the Magma Degassing and Geochemical Features of the Mantle Source
Authors: Liu Xiaoying , Hao Jialong , Li Rui‐Ying , He Yuyang , Tian Heng‐Ci , Hu Sen , Li Jing , Gu Lixin , Yang Wei , Lin Yangting
Published: August 2022

The unusually prolonged volcanism at the Chang'e‐5 (CE‐5) landing site remains a mystery. To constrain the geochemical features of the CE‐5 mantle source, we performed in situ sulfur isotope analysis on sulfides of the CE‐5 basalts. The modal abundance of sulfides is ∼0.1 wt%, dominated by troilite with trace cubanite, chalcopyrite and pentlandite, yielding a S‐abundance of ∼360 ± 180 ppm for the bulk CE‐5 basalts. Our analysis shows a decreasing trend of δ34S in the magma with crystallization and degassing, suggesting ∼40% degassing loss of S, and accordingly the maximum S‐abundance in CE‐5 primitive magma was calibrated to approximately 600 ± 300 ppm. Considering an extensive fractional crystallization following a low‐degree partial melting of the CE‐5 basalts, the estimated sulfur abundance in the mantle source is ∼1–10 ppm. This result suggests a strong depletion of volatiles in the CE‐5 mantle source, which may be caused by prolonged magmatic activity.
Cloud Feedback on Earth's Long‐Term Climate Simulated by a Near‐Global Cloud‐Permitting Model
Authors: Yan Mingyu , Yang Jun , Zhang Yixiao , Huang Han
Published: August 2022

The Sun becomes brighter with time, but Earth's climate is roughly temperate for life during its long‐term history; for early Earth, this is known as the faint young Sun problem (FYSP). Besides the carbonate‐silicate feedback, recent researches suggest that a long‐term cloud feedback may partially solve the FYSP. However, the general circulation models they used cannot resolve convection and clouds explicitly. This study re‐investigates the clouds using a near‐global cloud‐permitting model without cumulus convection parameterization. Our results confirm that a stabilizing shortwave cloud feedback does exist, and its magnitude is ≈6 W m−2 or 14% of the energy required to offset a 20% fainter Sun than today, or ≈10 W m−2 or 16% for a 30% fainter Sun. When insolation increases and meanwhile CO2 concentration decreases, low‐level clouds increase, acting to stabilize the climate by raising planetary albedo, and vice versa.
Modeling Radiation Belt Electron Dropouts During Moderate Geomagnetic Storms Using Radial Diffusion Coefficients Estimated With Global MHD Simulations
Authors: Silva G. B. D. , Alves L. R. , Tu W. , Padilha A. L. , Souza V. M. , Li L.‐F. , Lyu X. , Pádua M. B.
Published: August 2022

Main phase flux dropouts often promote depletion of the outer electron radiation belt. The quantification of the contributions of various loss mechanisms to MeV electron dropouts has not yet been elucidated in detailed case studies for moderate geomagnetic storms. This work focuses on quantifying radial diffusion to study relativistic electron flux losses observed by Van Allen Probes during two moderate storms in 2017. The events are identified as Case 1 (27 March), with losses deep in L, and Case 2 (21 November), with less deep losses. Event‐specific radial diffusion coefficients (DLL) were calculated from global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fields simulated by the SWMF/BATS‐R‐US. The MHD‐DLL was used as an input to radial diffusion simulations of both events for relativistic electrons. For the outer boundary conditions defined at L* = 6, electron fluxes measured by GOES‐15 at geosynchronous orbit were converted to phase space densities (PSDs) and then calibrated against the Van Allen Probe A measurements. Using these calibrated PSD of GOES‐15 at the outer boundary and event‐specific MHD‐DLL, the main phase dropout is well captured with radial diffusion simulation for Case 2, but not for the deep dropout in Case 1 down to L* < 4.5. Scaling MHD‐DLL based on validations of the MHD waves against in situ wave observations improves the simulation results of Case 1, but still does not fully resolve its deep dropout. However, analyzing the uncertainty of simulated PSD imposed by the uncertainty in the scaled MHD‐DLL, it was found that outward radial diffusion could still account for the losses at L* < 4.5.