bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel approach for Recanalization and Limb Saving Following Acute
Thrombosis of Upper Limb Arteries in Two Neonates After Congenital Heart
Surgery
Authors: Al- Ata Jameel , Abdelmohsen Gaser , Bahaidarah Saud , Alkhushi Naif , Zaher Zaher
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Neonates with congenital heart disease are at a high risk of vascular thrombosis.
Thrombosis may occur due to vascular injury, increased blood viscosity secondary
to polycythemia associated with congenital cyanotic heart diseases, or stasis of
blood flow associated with low cardiac output (Schmidt B & Andrew M.,
Pediatrics 1995; 96: 939–943. Veldman A et al.,Vasc Health Risk Manag
2008; 4: 1337–1348).
Stenting to prevent esophageal stricture after circumferential endoscopic submucosal dissection: an experimental study
Authors: Martinek Jan , Dolezel Radek , Walterova Bara , Kollar Marek , Juhas Stefan , Juhasova Jana , Vackova Zuzana , Hustak Rastislav , Erben Jakub
Published: October 2020

Background and study aims Circular ESD (CESD) is a treatment option for patients with extensive early esophageal cancer. Its major drawback is the development of a stricture. Stenting may represent an attractive prevention strategy. We designed an experimental study to assess the effect of stents covered with acellular biomatrix (AB) and a drug-eluting stent.

Materials and methods Thirty-five 35 pigs underwent CESD and were randomized into six groups: G1 (control), G2 (SEMS), G3 (SEMS + AB), G4 (SEMS + AB + steroid-eluting layer), G5 (biodegradable stent [BD]), G6 (BD + AB). SEMS were placed alongside the post-CESD defect, fixed and removed after 21 days. The main outcomes were stricture development, severity, and histopathology.

Results Pigs with BD stents (G5, 6) experienced severe inflammation and hypergranulation without biodegradation, therefore, these groups were closed prematurely. Significant strictures developed in 29 of 30 pigs (96.7 %). The most severe stricture developed in G2 and G4 (narrowest diameter (mm) 8.5 ± 3, 3 (G2) and 8.6 ± 2.1 (G4) vs. 17 ± 7.3 (G1) and 13.5 ± 8.3 (G3); P < 0.01. Signs of re-epithelization were present in 67 % and 71 % in G1 and G2 and in 100 % in G3 and G4. The most robust re-epithelization layer was present in G4. The inflammation was the most severe in G1 (mean score 2.3) and least severe in G4 (0.4).

Conclusions Stenting did not effectively prevent development of post-CESD esophageal stricture. SEMS with AB resulted in improved re-epithelization and decreased stricture severity. Steroid-eluting SEMS suppressed inflammation. BD stents seem inappropriate for this indication.
Diagnostik und Behandlung alkoholbezogener Störungen – Versorgerbefragung zur Erarbeitung von Strategien der Leitlinienimplementierung
Authors: Frischknecht Ulrich , Hoffmann Sabine , Steinhauser Alisa , Lindemann Christina , Buchholz Angela , Manthey Jakob , Schulte Bernd , Rehm Jürgen , Kraus Ludwig , Verthein Uwe , Reimer Jens , Kiefer Falk
Published: October 2020

Ziel der Studie Die Art und Häufigkeit durchgeführter Diagnostik, Kurzintervention und Behandlung bei PatientInnen mit bekanntem problematischen Alkoholkonsum und Alkoholkonsumstörungen durch Berufsgruppen der Gesundheitsversorgung soll erfasst werden. Diese Informationen dienen der Bedarfsabschätzung zur Entwicklung von Strategien zur weiteren Implementierung der S3-Leitlinie „Screening, Diagnose und Behandlung alkoholbezogener Störungen“.

Methodik Schriftliche Befragung von FachärztInnen (hausärztlich allgemeinmedizinisch/internistische, gynäkologische, psychiatrische, pädiatrische, Kinder- und jugendpsychiatrische), PsychotherapeutInnen, SozialarbeiterInnen und Hebammen/Entbindungspflegern in einer Querschnittsstudie in der Modellregion Bremen.

Ergebnisse 34% der PatientInnen mit bekanntem problematischen Alkoholkonsum erhielten eine leitlinienkonforme Diagnostik, 39% eine spezifische Kurzintervention. Von den PatientInnen mit diagnostizierter alkoholbezogener Störung wurde bei 34% eine spezifische Behandlung in eigener Praxis durchgeführt und bei 37% eine Weiterbehandlung anderswo empfohlen. Validierte Instrumente zur Diagnostik alkoholbezogener Störungen fanden selten Anwendung. Kurzinterventionen beinhalteten meist informelle motivierende Gespräche. Als Postakutbehandlungen wurden überwiegend Suchtberatungen und Selbsthilfe und nur selten pharmakologische Rückfallprophylaxe durchgeführt.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Umsetzung strukturierter Diagnostik und Kurzinterventionen, sowie die zielgerichtete Empfehlung pharmakologischer Rückfallprophylaxe und ambulanter Angebote ist für eine leitliniengerechte Versorgung unzureichend. Sie sollten daher Gegenstand von Strategien zur weiteren Leitlinienimplementierung sein.
Bedürfnisse erkennen – Sexualberatung von Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung
Authors: Heitkamp Janne
Published: October 2020

Menschen mit einer geistigen Behinderung sind in unterschiedlichem Maße auf ihre Eltern oder Betreuer angewiesen. Und nicht immer ist es leicht, ihre Bedürfnisse zu verstehen oder zu deuten. Janne Heitkamp kommt ins Spiel, wenn es um die sexuelle Entwicklung und die sexuelle Autonomie geistig behinderter Menschen geht.
Should We Report Incidental Low-Density Liver Lesions with Benign Features? A Retrospective Single-Center Analysis of Trauma CT Scans
Authors: Zhang Bob , Ratnakanthan Prasanna , Shekarforoush Maryam , Clements Warren
Published: October 2020

Background Many incidental liver lesions are benign and require no additional workup. Investigation of such lesions can have a negative impact of both the patient and health care system. However, the impact of how radiologists report these incidental lesions is not clear. We aimed to investigate how reporting of incidental liver lesions on trauma computed tomography (CT) scan affects follow-up.

Methods This is a retrospective single-center analysis of body CT scans performed following abdominal trauma. Information was collected on the reporting of incidental low-density liver lesions and any additional imaging performed.

Results A total of 3,595 trauma body CT scan reports were reviewed. Incidental liver lesions were identified in 527 (15%) patients, with 347 (10%) fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Additional imaging was requested by the referring doctor for 43 out of 285 patients (15%) when lesions were mentioned in the body of the report only, compared with 41 out of 62 patients (66%) when mentioned in the conclusion (odds ratio [OR] = 10.99, p < 0.0001). When additional imaging was recommended in the report, follow-up was arranged for 36 out of 52 patients (69%), compared with 48 out of 285 patients (16%) when it was not suggested (OR = 11.58, p < 0.0001). Additional imaging was requested for 84 of the 347 patients (24%), with 24 of these performed at our institution. All patients followed-up at our institution were diagnosed with a benign lesion.

Conclusion Reporting incidental hypodense liver lesions in the conclusion or specifically recommending further additional imaging, both led to significantly increased likelihood of additional imaging being performed. Radiologists who encounter such lesions should consider excluding them from the conclusion if there are no malignant features or patient risk factors.
Ampicillin Dose for Early and Late-Onset Group B Streptococcal Disease in Neonates
Authors: Lim Sin Yin , Miller Jamie L.
Published: October 2020

Ampicillin is frequently used in neonates for early- and late-onset group B streptococcal (GBS) disease. In 2019, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) published guidelines for GBS which included updated dosing recommendations for ampicillin for bacteremia and provided specific dosing recommendations for meningitis. The dosing recommendations in the guidelines were based off the 2018 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases (i.e., Red Book), which differed from the 2015 Red Book. For bacteremia, no dosing changes were recommended for ampicillin dosing in neonates ≤ 7 days of postnatal age (PNA), but less frequent dosing intervals were recommended for neonates > 7 days PNA. For meningitis, increased dosing recommendations were provided in the update. However, the rationale and supporting evidence for these changes were not provided. A literature search was performed to review articles pertaining to the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) and safety of ampicillin in neonates. The ampicillin dosing recommendations in the AAP guidelines were mainly supported by a 2014 publication that evaluated the PK and PD of ampicillin in neonates with gestational age (GA) of 24 to 41 weeks and PNA of 0 to 25 days. The proposed dosing from this study for bacteremia is included in the 2018 Red Book and 2019 guidelines. For meningitis, no supporting evidence was identified for the dosing recommendations in the 2018 Red Book and 2019 guidelines. Only one study has evaluated ampicillin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid, but proposed dosing from this study was much lower than that included in the guidelines. The high ampicillin doses for GBS meningitis should be used with caution, as high ampicillin concentrations have been associated with seizures and no studies have evaluated efficacy of this dosing strategy. The purpose of this review is to identify key pieces of literature regarding dosing recommendations and safety of ampicillin in neonates.

Key Points
Introduction to spin wave computing
Authors: Mahmoud Abdulqader , Ciubotaru Florin , Vanderveken Frederic , Chumak Andrii V. , Hamdioui Said , Adelmann Christoph , Cotofana Sorin
Published: October 2020

This paper provides a tutorial overview over recent vigorous efforts to develop computing systems based on spin waves instead of charges and voltages. Spin-wave computing can be considered a subfield of spintronics, which uses magnetic excitations for computation and memory applications. The Tutorial combines backgrounds in spin-wave and device physics as well as circuit engineering to create synergies between the physics and electrical engineering communities to advance the field toward practical spin-wave circuits. After an introduction to magnetic interactions and spin-wave physics, the basic aspects of spin-wave computing and individual spin-wave devices are reviewed. The focus is on spin-wave majority gates as they are the most prominently pursued device concept. Subsequently, we discuss the current status and the challenges to combine spin-wave gates and obtain circuits and ultimately computing systems, considering essential aspects such as gate interconnection, logic level restoration, input–output consistency, and fan-out achievement. We argue that spin-wave circuits need to be embedded in conventional complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) circuits to obtain complete functional hybrid computing systems. The state of the art of benchmarking such hybrid spin-wave–CMOS systems is reviewed, and the current challenges to realize such systems are discussed. The benchmark indicates that hybrid spin-wave–CMOS systems promise ultralow-power operation and may ultimately outperform conventional CMOS circuits in terms of the power-delay-area product. Current challenges to achieve this goal include low-power signal restoration in spin-wave circuits as well as efficient spin-wave transducers.
Intense ionizing irradiation-induced atomic movement toward recrystallization in 4H-SiC
Authors: Chakravorty Anusmita , Singh Budhi , Jatav Hemant , Ojha Sunil , Singh Jaspreet , Kanjilal D. , Kabiraj D.
Published: October 2020

An ultrafast thermal spike within a time interval of a few pico-seconds generated by intense ionizing energy deposited using 100 MeV Ag ions is utilized to study the atomistic details of damage recovery in 4H-SiC. Sequential single ion irradiations were performed using 300 keV Ar and 100 MeV Ag in ⟨0001⟩ 4H-SiC to invoke swift heavy ion (SHI) beam induced epitaxial recrystallization in samples with different degrees of pre-damaged conditions. SHI irradiation was carried out at both room temperature and a low temperature of ∼80K. Low-temperature irradiation was carried out to arrest thermal diffusion of defects and to isolate ionization-induced defect migration in 4H-SiC. Insights into the thermal spike generated by ionizing events in crystalline and amorphous regions at both the temperatures predict a SiC response to SHI. The results emphasize the role of different degrees of pre-damage induced physico-chemical conditions and irradiation temperatures against SHI-induced recrystallization as evaluated by Rutherford backscattering/channeling, Raman spectroscopy, and hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Understanding the dependence of ion-beam damage accumulation and their recovery on the inelastic to elastic energy loss ratio is important for the performance prediction of SiC intended for extreme environments such as space, defense, and nuclear radiation. We report substantial damage recovery even at a near liquid nitrogen temperature of ∼80K. The recovery gets impeded mainly by the formation of complex defects having homonuclear bonds. The results are explained in the framework of the inelastic thermal spike model, and the role of phonon in the damage recovery process is emphasized.
General practitioner follow-up after hospitalisation in Central and Eastern Sydney, Australia: access and impact on health services
Authors: Barr Margo Linn , Welberry Heidi , Hall John , Comino Elizabeth J. , Harris Elizabeth , Harris-Roxas Ben F. , Jackson Tony , Donnelly Debra , Harris Mark Fort
Published: October 2020

Objectives General practitioner (GP) follow-up after a hospital admission is an important indicator of integrated care. We examined the characteristics of patients who saw a GP within 2 weeks of hospital discharge in the Central and Eastern Sydney (CES) region, Australia, and the relationship between GP follow-up and subsequent hospitalisation. Methods This data linkage study used a cohort of 10 240 people from the 45 and Up Study who resided in CES and experienced an overnight hospitalisation in the 5 years following recruitment (2007–14). Characteristics of participants who saw a GP within 2 weeks of discharge were compared with those who did not using generalised linear models. Time to subsequent hospitalisation was compared for the two groups using Cox proportional hazards regression models stratified by prior frequency of GP use. Results Within 2 weeks of discharge, 64.3% participants saw a GP. Seeing a GP within 2 weeks of discharge was associated with lower rates of rehospitalisation for infrequent GP users (i.e. <8 visits in year before the index hospitalisation; hazard ratio (HR) 0.83; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70–0.97) but not frequent GP users (i.e. ≥8 plus visits; HR 1.02; 95% CI 0.90–1.17). Conclusion The effect of seeing a GP on subsequent hospitalisation was protective but differed depending on patient care needs. What is known about the topic? There is general consensus among healthcare providers that primary care is a significant source of ongoing health care provision. What does this paper add? This study explored the relationship between GP follow-up after an uncomplicated hospitalisation and its effect on rehospitalisation. What are the implications for practitioners? Discharge planning and the transfer of care from hospital to GP through discharge arrangements have substantial benefits for both patients and the health system.
Implications of water quality policy on land use: a case study of the approach in New Zealand
Authors: McDowell R. W. , Pletnyakov P. , Lim A. , Salmon G.
Published: October 2020

Achieving good water quality through output controls is difficult. The New Zealand Government recently proposed enforceable bottom lines to protect ecosystem health of 1mgL–1 dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and 0.018mgL–1 dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), but has now delayed considering them. In examining whether these bottom lines could be met through mitigating DIN and DRP losses from existing land uses, we found that if all known strategies to mitigate N and P loss were implemented by 2035, the proportion of catchments exceeding these bottom lines would be predicted to be 4% for DIN and 9% for DRP. If bottom lines were enforced, land use would likely change, but to change successfully good advice and effective multilevel governance are required. Advice should expand and standardise elements of farm environment plans that spatially isolate critical source areas of N and P loss and apply cost-effective mitigations. Governance should focus on combining these plans with the national bottom lines and technical support to connect practices and land use at the farm scale to meeting water quality bottom line at the catchment scale.
Instructional design as a form of information design
Authors: Mayer Richard E.
Published: October 2020

Instructional design is concerned with how to present verbal and visual information to learners in ways that
promote effective learning processes and outcomes. Information design is concerned with how to present verbal and visual
information to people in ways that promote efficient processing and understanding. The main thesis of this brief article is that
instructional design is a form of information design, in which the goal is to help people learn material so that they can use it
later. This article reviews exemplary principles of multimedia instructional design that are based on research evidence and have
implications for information design.
IDJ at my side
Authors: Sless David
Published: October 2020

David Sless’s journey to information designer coincides with the history of IDJ. David’s first paper was published
in the second issue (1979). David’s journey alongside IDJ included the generosity of Peter Simlinger of IIID (1980s) and the
encouragement of Paul Stiff of Reading University (1990s). IDJ is still a vital part of David’s life.
Range of SHH signaling in adrenal gland is limited by membrane contact to cells with primary cilia
Authors: Mateska Ivona , Nanda Kareena , Dye Natalie A. , Alexaki Vasileia Ismini , Eaton Suzanne
Published: October 2020

The signaling protein Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) is crucial for the development and function of many vertebrate tissues. It remains largely unclear, however, what defines the range and specificity of pathway activation. The adrenal gland represents a useful model to address this question, where the SHH pathway is activated in a very specific subset of cells lying near the SHH-producing cells, even though there is an abundance of lipoproteins that would allow SHH to travel and signal long-range. We determine that, whereas adrenal cells can secrete SHH on lipoproteins, this form of SHH is inactive due to the presence of cosecreted inhibitors, potentially explaining the absence of long-range signaling. Instead, we find that SHH-producing cells signal at short range via membrane-bound SHH, only to receiving cells with primary cilia. Finally, our data from NCI-H295R adrenocortical carcinoma cells suggest that adrenocortical tumors may evade these regulatory control mechanisms by acquiring the ability to activate SHH target genes in response to TGF-β.
ER–mitochondria contacts promote mitochondrial-derived compartment biogenesis
Authors: English Alyssa M. , Schuler Max-Hinderk , Xiao Tianyao , Kornmann Benoît , Shaw Janet M. , Hughes Adam L.
Published: October 2020

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles with essential roles in signaling and metabolism. We recently identified a cellular structure called the mitochondrial-derived compartment (MDC) that is generated from mitochondria in response to amino acid overabundance stress. How cells form MDCs is unclear. Here, we show that MDCs are dynamic structures that form and stably persist at sites of contact between the ER and mitochondria. MDC biogenesis requires the ER–mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES) and the conserved GTPase Gem1, factors previously implicated in lipid exchange and membrane tethering at ER–mitochondria contacts. Interestingly, common genetic suppressors of abnormalities displayed by ERMES mutants exhibit distinct abilities to rescue MDC formation in ERMES-depleted strains and are incapable of rescuing MDC formation in cells lacking Gem1. Thus, the function of ERMES and Gem1 in MDC biogenesis may extend beyond their conventional role in maintaining mitochondrial phospholipid homeostasis. Overall, this study identifies an important function for ER–mitochondria contacts in the biogenesis of MDCs.
NF-κB disinhibition contributes to dendrite defects in fly models of neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Han Myeong Hoon , Kwon Min Jee , Ko Byung Su , Hyeon Do Young , Lee Davin , Kim Hyung-Jun , Hwang Daehee , Lee Sung Bae
Published: October 2020

Dendrite pathology is frequently observed in various neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Although previous studies identified several pathogenic mediators of dendrite defects that act through loss of function in NDs, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Here, our search for additional pathogenic contributors to dendrite defects in NDs identifies Relish/NF-κB as a novel gain-of-toxicity–based mediator of dendrite defects in animal models for polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In a Drosophila model for polyQ diseases, polyQ-induced dendrite defects require Dredd/Caspase-8–mediated endoproteolytic cleavage of Relish to generate the N-terminal fragment, Rel68, and subsequent Charon-mediated nuclear localization of Rel68. Rel68 alone induced neuronal toxicity causing dendrite and behavioral defects, and we identify two novel transcriptional targets, Tup and Pros, that mediate Rel68-induced neuronal toxicity. Finally, we show that Rel68-induced toxicity also contributes to dendrite and behavioral defects in a Drosophila model for ALS. Collectively, our data propose disinhibition of latent toxicity of Relish/NF-κB as a novel pathogenic mechanism underlying dendrite pathology in NDs.
Magnetohydrodynamic nonlinear mixed convection flow of reactive tangent hyperbolic nano fluid passing a nonlinear stretchable surface
Authors: Fatunmbi Ephesus Olusoji , Mabood Fazle , Elmonser Hedi , Tlili Iskander
Published: October 2020

The intent of this paper is to unravel the transport of a nonlinear mixed convection tangent hyperbolic nanofluid along a nonlinear stretchable sheet in the neighbourhood of a stagnation point. The impacts of magnetohydrodynamic, thermophoresis, Brownian motion and activation energy together with non-uniform heat source associated with varying thermal conductivity are scrutinized. The outlining transport equations are mutated into a system of nondimensional ordinary differential equations by the use of similarity transformations and then tackled with the Runge–Kutta Fehlberg coupling shooting method. The impact of all essential parameters in respect of the dimensionless quantities are graphically exhibited and deliberated. The significant consequences of the investigation are that increment in the Darcy with magnetic term declines the flow velocity while that uplift the fluid temperature. The skin friction factor triggers a considerable increase with the power-law exponent and magnetic field parameters. The intensity of heat and mass transfer shrink with hike in the values of the thermophoresis parameter. The vetting of the numerical solution is done with earlier related studies in the limiting position and presented in tabular form showing perfect correlation.
Leakage of an eagle flight feather and its influence on the aerodynamics*
Authors: Tang Di , Liu Dawei , Yang Yin , Li Yang , Huang Xipeng , Liu Kai
Published: October 2020

We investigate how the barb of bird feathers is changed along both the rachis and barb. To investigate the microstructures and the mechanical behaviors of barbs, a series of barbs are manually cut from an eagle’s primary feather to observe the cross sections. A λ-like cross section with a tiny hook is observed at the right feet at each section. Afterwards, a measurement of the setup system is developed to evaluate the leakage ratio of a feather followed by a numerical predicting approach based on the CFD method. It is found that the air leakage increases linearly against the pressure, and the predicted results coincide well with the experimental results. Finally, the influences of leakage of the flight feather on both steady and unsteady aerodynamics are studied.
Theoretical research on terahertz wave generation from planar waveguide by optimized cascaded difference frequency generation*
Authors: Li Zhongyang , Zhao Jia , Liu Wenkai , Hu Qingfeng , Li Yongjun , Jiao Binzhe , Bing Pibin , Zhang Hongtao , Tan Lian , Yao Jianquan
Published: October 2020

A novel scheme for high-efficiency terahertz (THz) wave generation based on optimized cascaded difference frequency generation (OCDFG) with planar waveguide is presented. The phase mismatches of each-order cascaded difference frequency generation (CDFG) are modulated by changing the thickness of the waveguide, resulting in a decrement of phase mismatches in cascaded Stokes processes and an increment of phase mismatches in cascaded anti-Stokes processes simultaneously. The modulated phase mismatches enhance the cascaded Stokes processes and suppress the cascaded anti-Stokes processes simultaneously, yielding energy conversion efficiencies over 25% from optical wave to THz wave at 100 K.
Quantification of erosion pattern using picosecond-LIBS on a vertical divertor target element exposed in W7-X
Authors: Zhao D. , Yi R. , Eksaeva A. , Oelmann J. , Brezinsek S. , Sergienko G. , Rasinski M. , Gao Y. , Mayer M. , Dhard C.P. , Naujoks D. , Cai L. , W7-X team the
Published: October 2020

A set of dedicated marker samples consisting of fine-grain graphite as substrate, an interlayer of 0.2–0.4 μm molybdenum (Mo) employed as marker, and a 5–10 μm thick carbon (C) marker layer on top were installed in Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) to investigate locally the C erosion and deposition. In this study, a set of five individual marker tiles, installed in a vertical divertor element of the test divertor unit in half-module 50, and exposed to about 40 min of plasma predominant in the standard magnetic divertor configuration in the first year of divertor operation in W7-X (OP1.2A), were retrieved from the vessel for post-mortem analysis. Picosecond laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (ps-LIBS) was applied on these marker tiles in order to determine the local erosion/deposition pattern caused by plasma impact. The general erosion/deposition pattern on the vertical target element was studied with the aid of depth-profiling by Mo line emission due to ps-LIBS with the number of applied laser pulses (355 nm, 2.3 J cm−2, 35 ps) at one probing location. Several potential asymmetry factors which avoid a perfect layer-by-layer ablation process in the laser ablations are proposed and discussed when a rough layered structure sample with a rough surface is analysed by the ps-LIBS technique. Thereby, a simulation model was developed to correct the measurement error of the ps-LIBS method caused by the non-perfect rectangle profile of the applied laser beam. The depth resolution of the applied ps-LIBS system was determined by quantification of the laser ablation rates of the different layers and the C substrate which were measured utilising profilometry and cross comparison with the thicknesses of the C and Mo marker layers determined by a combined focused ion beam and scanning electron microscopy technique. For the first time, the erosion/deposition pattern on the vertical target was mapped and quantified by ps-LIBS technique. A relatively wide net erosion zone with a poloidal extend of about 200 mm was identified which can be correlated to the main particle interaction zone at the magnetic strike-line of the dominantly applied standard magnetic divertor configuration. At the position of peak erosion, not only 7.6 × 1019 C atoms/cm2 but also 2 × 1018 Mo atoms/cm2 which results can be extrapolated to total 15 × 1019 C atoms/cm2, were eroded due to plasma fuel particle (H, He) and impurity (O, C) ion impact.
Voronoi chains, blocks, and clusters in perturbed square lattices
Authors: Lazar Emanuel A , Shoan Amir
Published: October 2020

Perturbed lattices provide simple models for studying many physical systems. In this paper we study the distribution of Voronoi chains, blocks, and clusters with prescribed combinatorial features in the perturbed square lattice, generalizing earlier work. In particular, we obtain analytic results for the presence of hexagonally-ordered regions within a square-ordered phase. Connections to high-temperature crystals and to non-equilibrium phase transitions are considered. In an appendix, we briefly consider the site-percolation threshold for this system.
80Se(n,γ) cross-section measurement at CERN n TOF
Authors: Babiano-Suarez V. , Aberle O. , Alcayne V. , Amaducci S. , Andrzejewski J. , Audouin L. , Bacak M. , Balibrea-Correa J. , Barbagallo M. , Bennett S. , Berthoumieux E. , Bosnar D. , Brown A. S. , Busso M. , Caamaño M. , Caballero L. , Calviani M. , Calviño F. , Cano-Ott D. , Casanovas A. , Cerutti F. , Chiaveri E. , Colonna N. , Cortés G. P. , Cortés-Giraldo M. A. , Cosentino L. , Cristallo S. , Damone L. A. , Davies P. J. , Diakaki M. , Dietz M. , Domingo-Pardo C. , Dressler R. , Ducasse Q. , Dupont E. , Durán I. , Eleme Z. , Fernández-Domíngez B. , Ferrari A. , Ferro-Gonçalves I. , Finocchiaro P. , Furman V. , Garg R. , Gawlik A. , Gilardoni S. , Göbel K. , González-Romero E. , Guerrero C. , Gunsing F. , Heinitz S. , Heyse J. , Jenkins D. G. , Jericha E. , Jiri U. , Junghans A. , Kadi Y. , Käppeler F. , Kimura A. , Knapová I. , Kokkoris M. , Kopatch Y. , Krticka M. , Kurtulgil D. , Ladarescu I. , Lederer-Woods C. , Lerendegui-Marco J. , Lonsdale S.-J. , Macina D. , Manna A. , Martínez T. , Masi A. , Massimi C. , Mastinu P. F. , Mastromarco M. , Maugeri E. , Mazzone A. , Mendoza E. , Mengoni A. , Michalopoulou V. , Milazzo P. M. , Millán-Callado M. A. , Mingrone F. , Moreno-Soto J. , Musumarra A. , Negret A. , Ogállar F. , Oprea A. , Patronis N. , Pavlik A. , Perkowski J. , Petrone C. , Piersanti L. , Pirovano E. , Porras I. , Praena J. , Quesada J. M. , Ramos Doval D. , Reifarth R. , Rochman D. , Rubbia C. , Sabaté-Gilarte M. , Saxena A. , Schillebeeckx P. , Schumann D. , Sekhar A. , Smith A. G. , Sosnin N. , Sprung P. , Stamatopoulos A. , Tagliente G. , Tain J. L. , Tarifeño-Saldivia A. E. , Tassan-Got L. , Thomas B. , Torres-Sánchez P. , Tsinganis A. , Urlass S. , Valenta S. , Vannini G. , Variale V. , Vaz P. , Ventura A. , Vescovi D. , Vlachoudis V. , Vlastou R. , Wallner A. , Woods P. J. , Wright T. J. , Žugec P.
Published: October 2020

Radiative neutron capture cross section measurements are of fundamental importance for the study of the slow neutron capture (s-) process of nucleosynthesis. This mechanism is responsible for the formation of most elements heavier than iron in the Universe. Particularly relevant are branching nuclei along the s-process path, which are sensitive to the physical conditions of the stellar environment. One such example is the branching at 79Se (3.27 × 105 y), which shows a thermally dependent β-decay rate. However, an astrophysically consistent interpretation requires also the knowledge of the closest neighbour isotopes involved. In particular, the 80Se(n,γ) cross section directly affects the stellar yield of the “cold” branch leading to the formation of the s-only 82Kr. Experimentally, there exists only one previous measurement on 80Se using the time of flight (TOF) technique. However, the latter suffers from some limitations that are described in this presentation. These drawbacks have been significantly improved in a recent measurement at CERN n TOF. This contribution presents a summary of the latter measurement and the status of the data analysis.
Investigation of the 7Li(p,n) neutron fields at high energies
Authors: Brückner B. , Erbacher P. , Göbel K. , Heftrich T. , Khasawneh K. , Kurtulgil D. , Langer C. , Nolte R. , Reich M. , Reifarth R. , Weigand M. , Wiescher M. , Volknandt M.
Published: October 2020

The neutron activation method has been proven to be a well-suited tool for the investigation of neutron capture cross sections relevant for the main component of the s-process. Neutrons produced via the 7Li(p,n)7Be reaction at a proton energy of Ep = 1912 keV can be used to recreate a quasi-stellar neutron energy distribution mimicking the astrophysical s-process scenario at kBT = 25keV. For the weak s-process, which takes place in massive stars at temperatures between kBT = 25 keV and kBT = 90 keV, the activation method has not yet been successful in recreating quasi-stellar neutron spectra. However, simulations show that the activation method can be improved in order to recreate a quasi-stellar neutron spectrum at different energies by linear combination of different neutron spectra. In order to verify these simulations the neutron fields of the reaction have to be measured at different proton energies.
The Preliminary Atmospheric Parameters of HD 154713 and HD 137928
Authors: Elmaslı Aslı , C¸alı¸skan S¸eyma , Ünal Kübraözge
Published: October 2020

We determined the preliminary atmospheric parameters of the two A type stars HD 154713 and HD 137928. These stars’ high resolution echelle spectra, covering a wavelength range of 3800-7900 A, were obtained from the Coude Echelle Spectrograph attached to the 1.5 m telescope at the TÜBITAK National Observatory on the 24
th
of April 2018. We derived the fundamental parameters by making use of photometric calibrations and profiles of hydrogen Balmer lines in our observed spectra. We estimated the metallicity ([Fe/H]) of HD 154713 as 0.41 and HD 137928 0.29. The metallicity value of HD 154713 may indicate it to be an Am star candidate.
Coulomb dissociation of 16O into 4He and 12C
Authors: Göbel Kathrin , Heil Michael , Bott Lukas , Brandenburg Leonard , Caesar Christoph , Deuter Isabell , Grein Alexander , Keliç-Heil Aleksandra , Körper Daniel , Löher Bastian , Reifarth René , Savran Deniz , Schulte Hendrik , Simon Haik , Törnqvist Hans , Almusidi Tahani , Álvarez-Pol Héctor , Atkins Liam , Aumann Thomas , Bemmerer Daniel , Benlliure José , Boretzky Konstanze , Brückner Benjamin , Eiras Pablo Cabanelas , Casarejos Enrique , Cederkall Joakim , Chulkov Leonid , Cortina-Gil Dolores , Danilov rey , Erbacher Philipp , Rodriguez Sonia Escribano , Fülöp Zsolt , Falduto Ashton , Fiebiger Stefan , Gašparić Igor , Borge Maria José Garcia , Gernhäuser Roman , Glorius Jan , Caamaño David Gonzales , Hartig Anna-Lena , Heftrich Tanja , Heggen Henning , Heine Marcel , Heinz reas , Hensel Thomas , Holl Matthias , Johansson Håkan T. , Jonson Björn , Kalantar-Nayestanaki Nasser , Kamenyero Armel , Khasawneh Kafa , Kiselev Oleg , Klenze Philipp , Kohls Marvin , Kröll Thorsten , Kresan Dmytro , Kurtulgil Deniz , Kurz Nikolaus , Langer Christoph , Lehr Christopher , Litvinov Yuri , Lorenz Enis , Morales Silvia Murillo , Nacher Enrique , Nilsson Thomas , Park Joochun , Paschalis Stefanos , Perea Angel , Petri Marina , Plag Ralf , Ponnath Lukas , Popocovski Romana , Reich Markus , Rhee Han-Bum , Sanchez Jose Luis Rodriguez , Rossi Dominic , Scheit Heiko , Schmidt Konrad , Slavkovská Zuzana , Starostin Viktor , Storck Sonja , Sürder Christian , Tanaka Junki , Tengblad Olof , Thomas Benedikt , Typel Stefan , Varga László , Volk Klaus , Volknandt Meiko , Wagner Vadim , Wamers Felix , Weigand Mario , Zanetti Lorenzo
Published: October 2020

We measured the Coulomb dissociation of 16O into 4He and 12C at the R3B setup in a first campaign within FAIR Phase 0 at GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt. The goal was to improve the accuracy of the experimental data for the 12C(α,γ)16O fusion reaction and to reach lower center-ofmass energies than measured so far.

The experiment required beam intensities of 109 16O ions per second at an energy of 500 MeV/nucleon. The rare case of Coulomb breakup into 12C and 4He posed another challenge: The magnetic rigidities of the particles are so close because of the same mass-to-charge-number ratio A/Z = 2 for 16O, 12C and 4He. Hence, radical changes of the R3B setup were necessary. All detectors had slits to allow the passage of the unreacted 16O ions, while 4He and 12C would hit the detectors’ active areas depending on the scattering angle and their relative energies. We developed and built detectors based on organic scintillators to track and identify the reaction products with sufficient precision.
Stable beam experiments in wide energy ranges serving low energy nuclear astrophysics
Authors: Gyürky Gy.
Published: October 2020

In experimental nuclear astrophysics it is common knowledge that reaction cross sections must be measured in the astrophysically relevant, low energy ranges or at least as close to them as possible. In most of the cases, however, it is impossible to reach such low energies. The reactions must therefore be studied at higher energies and the cross sections must be extrapolated to lower ones. In this paper the importance of cross section measurements in wide energy ranges are emphasized and a few examples are shown from the areas of hydrogen burning processes and heavy element nucleosynthesis.
Indirect measurements of neutron cross-secti at heavy-ion storage rings
Authors: Henriques A. , Jurado B. , Grieser M. , Denis-Petit D. , Chiron T. , Gaudefroy L. , Glorius J. , Langer C. , Litvinov Yu. A. , Mathieu L. , Méot V. , Pérez-Sánchez R. , Pibernat J. , Reifarth R. , Roig O. , Thomas B. , Thomas B. A. , Thomas J. C. , Tsekhanovich I.
Published: October 2020

Cross sections for neutron-induced reactions of short-lived nuclei are essential for nuclear astrophysics since these reactions in the stars are responsible for the production of most heavy elements in the universe. These reactions are also key in applied domains like energy production and medicine. Nevertheless, neutron-induced cross-section measurements can be extremely challenging or even impossible to perform due to the radioactivity of the targets involved. Indirect measurements through the surrogate-reaction method can help to overcome these difficulties.

The surrogate-reaction method relies on the use of an alternative reaction that will lead to the formation of the same excited nucleus as in the neutron-induced reaction of interest. The decay probabilities (for fission, neutron and gamma-ray emission) of the nucleus produced via the surrogate reaction allow one to constrain models and the prediction of the desired neutron cross sections.

We propose to perform surrogate reaction measurements in inverse kinematics at heavy-ion storage rings, in particular at the CRYRING@ESR of the GSI/FAIR facility. We present the conceptual idea of the most promising setup to measure for the first time simultaneously the fission, neutron and gamma-ray emission probabilities. The results of the first simulations considering the 238U(d,d’) reaction are shown, as well as new technical developments that are being carried out towards this set-up.
Several BBN Constraints on Beyond Standard Model Physics
Authors: Kirilova Daniela , Chizhov Emanuil , Chizhov Vassillen
Published: October 2020

We present several Big Bang Nucleosynthesis constraints on nonequilibrium processes in the Early Universe, representing Beyond Standard Model Physics, including neutrino oscillations, processes with considerable lepton asymmetry, with sterile neutrinos, chiral tensor particles (CTP) interactions, etc.
Spectroscopic Study of 39Ca for Endpoint Nucleosynthesis in Classical Novae
Authors: Liang J , Chen A A , Anger M , Bishop S , Faestermann T , Fry C , Hertenberger R , Psaltis A , Seiler D , Tiwari P , Wirth H-F , Wrede C
Published: October 2020

Classical novae are environments which can produce heavier elements up to mass A ∼ 40. These nuclides at the endpoint of nova nucleosynthesis consist of elements such as Ar, K, and Ca. There is an order of magnitude discrepancy with the predicted and theoretical abundances of these endpoint nuclides produced in a classical nova. The uncertainty in the theoretical 38K(p,γ)39Ca reaction rate has been shown to affect the abundances by an order of magnitude or more. The only direct measurement of this reaction rate was performed with the DRAGON facility at TRIUMF; however additional spectroscopic data could aid the interpretation of this data as well as motivate further study of this reaction rate. In this study, we present the preliminary results of a spectroscopic study of 39Ca using the 40Ca(d,t)39Ca reaction carried out at the Maier-Leibnitz Laboratory in Garching, Germany.
Extracting capture from transfer reactions
Authors: Nunes F.M. , Poxon-Pearson T. , Catacora-Rios M. , Hlophe L. , Pereira J. , King G.B. , Lovell A.E. , Potel G.
Published: October 2020

Indirect reaction techniques are very important in astrophysics as they provide information that is complementary to direct measurements or that otherwise cannot be obtained directly. It is then critical to have a reliable reaction theory that can connect the reaction measurement with the astrophysical information desired. This is a brief report on the progress made in the theory for transfer reactions when used to determine neutron capture rates for r-process and proton capture for rp-process nuclei. We will discuss the different types of experiments and their connection to astrophysics. An overview of the current status of the theory will be provided, with emphasis on several recent theory developments, including transfer to continuum, the improvement of the optical potential and uncertainty quantification. Applications to a couple of neutron rich and proton rich cases will be discussed.
Isotopic Abundances in Presolar SiC Grains accounted by s-Processing from MHD-induced Mixing in low mass AGB stars
Authors: Palmerini S. , Busso M. , Vescovi D.
Published: October 2020

In the past, the observational evidence that s-process elements from Sr to Pb are produced by stars ascending the so-called Asymptotic Giant Branch (or AGB) could not be explained by self-consistent models, forcing researchers to extensive parameterisations. The crucial point is to understand how protons can be injected from the envelope into the He-rich layers, yielding to the formation of 13C and then the activation of the 13C(α,n)16O reaction. In the last decade, some physically-based mixing mechanisms have been considered to solve this problem. Nowadays, a big step forward in s-process studies would be to understand what is among the suggested ones the physical model better accounts for the observational constrains. In this paper we analyse a model where the 13C forms as a feedback of MHD processes in the stellar plasma. We compare results of nucleosynthesis models for low mass AGB stars (M<3M©), developed from the MHD scenario, with the record of isotopic abundance ratios of s-elements in presolar SiC grains, which were shown to offer precise constraints on the 13C reservoir. We find that n-captures driven by magnetically-induced mixing can well account for the SiC data and that this is due to the fact that our 13C distribution fullfills the above constraints rather accurately. We show comparisons between model predictions and measurements for isotopes of Sr, Zr, Ba, Mo and Ru as representative examples of light and heavy s-elements.
Study of the 7Be(α,γ)11C reaction with DRAGON for vp–process nucleosynthesis
Authors: Psaltis Athanasios , Chen A. A. , Kroll L. , Liang J. , Connolly D. S. , Davids B. , Hutcheon D. A. , Lennarz A. , Ruiz C. , Williams M. , Greife U. , Karpesky J. , Lovely M. , Brune C. , Paneru S. N. , Giri R. , Luo M. , Tenkila G. , Fallis J. , Marshall C. , Shotter A. C.
Published: October 2020

The production of the p–nuclei is one of the unsolved puzzles in nuclear astrophysics. A possible mechanism is the nucleosynthesis in the neutrino–driven winds of core–collapse supernovae (νp–process), but it carries uncertainties, mostly in the supernova dynamics and the nuclear physics input. The pp-chain breakout reaction 7Be(α,γ)11C, which occurs prior to the supernova explosion, was identified as an important link which can influence the nuclear flow of the z/p-process and the final abundances of the p-nuclei. Nevertheless, its reaction rate is poorly known over the relevant energy range (T=1.5-3 GK). To improve the 7Be(α,γ)11C rate for vp-process nucleosynthesis temperatures, the first measurement of the strengths of two important resonances with unknown strength was recently performed at TRIUMF. A radioactive 7Be beam (t1/2 = 53.24 d) beam and the DRAGON recoil separator were used. The experimental details and preliminary results for the resonance strengths will be discussed.
First results from HECTOR: High EffiCiency TOtal absorption spectrometeR for γ-process nucleosynthesis studies
Authors: Simon A , Kelmar R , Millican P , Olivas-Gomez O , Reingold C S , Anderson T , Churchman E , Clark A M , Cooper N , Dombos A C , Frentz B , Henderson S L , Kelly S , Robertson D , Skulski M , Stech E , Strauss S Y , Tan W P , Vande Kolk B
Published: October 2020

The nucleosynthesis path of the γ-process is predominantly governed by the branching points at which the flow of the initial (γ,n) is redirected by either (γ,p) or (γ,α) reactions. In this work, the inverse reactions, proton and α capture on 108Cd were studied in order to aid in verification of the 112Sn isotope as a potential branching point in the γ-process. The results of the first measurement with a γ-summing detector, HECTOR, are compared with previous measurements found in the literature and with NON-SMOKER predictions. The results of this work will provide input for Hauser-Feshbach calculations to obtain the γ induced reaction rates.
r-Process Sites, their Ejecta Composition, and their Imprint in Galactic Chemical Evolution
Authors: Thielemann Friedrich-Karl , Wehmeyer Benjamin , Wu Meng-Ru
Published: October 2020

From low metallicity stars and the presence of radioactive isotopes in deep-sea sediments we know that the main r-process, producing the heaviest elements, is a rare event. The question remains whether neutron star mergers, via GW170817 the only observed r-process site, are the only contributors or also (a rare class of) supernovae, hypernovae/collapsars, as well as neutron star - black hole mergers qualify as candidates. Early galactic evolution as well as variations in nucleosynthesis signatures, e.g. actinide boost stars, might indicate the need for such other sites. We discuss and present the possible options (a) with respect to possible differences in ejecta amount and composition, and (b) in terms of their timing (onset and frequency) during galactic evolution.
Indirect methods constraining nuclear capture - the Trojan Horse Method
Authors: Tumino A. , Spitaleri C. , La Cognata M. , Cherubini S. , Guardo G.L. , Gulino M. , Indelicato I. , Lamia L. , Oliva A. , Pizzone R. G. , Prajapati P. , Rapisarda G.G. , Romano S. , Sergi M.L. , Spartà R.
Published: October 2020

Reaction rates of nuclear processes of astrophysical relevance can be inferred using the Trojan Horse Method. This indirect technique is a valid alternative to direct measurements in particular when extremely low cross sections are involved. We will review its basic features in the framework of the theory of direct reactions and address the physics case of the 12C+12C fusion.
Alpha-Spectroscopy to Determine 144Sm(α,γ) Activation Product
Authors: Wilsenach H. , Scholz P. , Zilges A. , Zuber K.
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this article is to describe the method used to determine the amount of 148Gd produced in the (α,γ) activation of enriched 144Sm samples. Advanced simulations are fitted to data to help constrain systematic uncertainties. The simulations are complimented with RBS measurements of the samples.