bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HSULF-1 inhibits ERK and AKT signaling and decreases cell viability in vitro in human lung epithelial cells
Authors: Zhang Huiying , Newman Donna R , Sannes Philip L
Published: August 2012

Background

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) modulate the binding and activation of signaling pathways of specific growth factors, such as fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). Human endosulfatase 1 (HSULF-1) is an enzyme that selectively removes 6-O sulfate groups from HS side chains and alter their level and pattern of sulfation and thus biological activity. It is known that HSULF-1 is expressed at low levels in some cancer cell lines and its enhanced expression can inhibit cancer cell growth or induce apoptosis, but the mechanism(s) involved has not been identified.

Methods

HSULF-1 mRNA expression was assessed in five normal cells (primary human lung alveolar type 2 (hAT2) cells, adult lung fibroblasts (16Lu), fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL), human bronchial epithelial cells (HBE), and primary human lung fibroblasts (HLF)) and five lung cancer cell lines (A549, H292, H1975, H661, and H1703) using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). H292 and hAT2 cells over-expressing HSULF-1 were analyzed for cell viability, apoptosis, and ERK/Akt signaling, by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, TUNEL (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) assay, and Western Blot, respectively. Apoptosis pathway activation was confirmed by PCR array in hAT2, H292, and A549 cells.

Results

HSULF-1 was expressed at a significantly lower level in epithelial cancer cell lines compared to normal cells. Infection with recombinant adenovirus for HSULF-1 over-expression resulted in decreased cell viability in H292 cells, but not in normal hAT2 cells. HSULF-1 over-expression induced apoptosis in H292 cells, but not in hAT2 cells. In addition, apoptosis pathways were activated in both H292 and A549 cells, but not in hAT2 cells. HSULF-1 over-expression reduced ERK and Akt signaling activation in H292 cells, which further demonstrated its inhibitory effects on signaling related to proliferation.

Conclusions

These results indicate that HSULF-1 is expressed at lower levels in H292 lung cancer cells than in normal human alveolar cells and that its over-expression reduced cell viability in H292 cells by inducing apoptotic pathways, at least in part by inhibiting ERK/Akt signaling. We hypothesize that HSULF-1 plays important roles in cancer cells and functions to modify cell signaling, inhibit cancer proliferation, and promote cancer cell death.
Analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution of human brucellosis in Azerbaijan (1995 - 2009) using spatial and spatio-temporal statistics
Authors: Abdullayev Rakif , Kracalik Ian , Ismayilova Rita , Ustun Narmin , Talibzade Ayden , Blackburn Jason K
Published: August 2012

Background

Human brucellosis represents a significant burden to public and veterinary health globally, including the republic of Azerbaijan. The purpose of this study was to examine and describe the spatial and temporal aspects of the epidemiology of human brucellosis in Azerbaijan from 1995 to 2009.

Methods

A Geographic information system (GIS) was used to identify potential changes in the spatial and temporal distribution of human brucellosis in Azerbaijan during the study period. Epidemiological information on the age, gender, date, and location of incident cases were obtained from disease registries housed at the Republican Anti-Plague station in Baku. Cumulative incidences per 100,000 populations were calculated at the district level for three, 5-year periods. Spatial and temporal cluster analyses were performed using the Local Moran’sIand the Ederer-Myer-Mantel (EMM) test.

Results

A total of 7,983 cases of human brucellosis were reported during the 15-year study period. Statistically significant spatial clusters were identified in each of three, five year time periods with cumulative incidence rates ranging from 101.1 (95% CI: 82.8, 124.3) to 203.0 (95% CI; 176.4, 234.8). Spatial clustering was predominant in the west early in the study during period 1 and then in the east during periods 2 and 3. The EMM test identified a greater number of statistically significant temporal clusters in period 1 (1995 to 1999).

Conclusion

These results suggest that human brucellosis persisted annually in Azerbaijan across the study period. The current situation necessitates the development of appropriate surveillance aimed at improving control and mitigation strategies in order to help alleviate the current burden of disease on the population. Areas of concern identified as clusters by the spatial-temporal statistical analyses can provide a starting point for implementing targeted intervention efforts.
DEXA measures of body fat percentage and acute phase proteins among breast cancer survivors: a Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Dee Anne , McKean-Cowdin Roberta , Neuhouser Marian L , Ulrich Cornelia , Baumgartner Richard N , McTiernan Anne , Baumgartner Kathy , Alfano Catherine M , Ballard-Barbash Rachel , Bernstein Leslie
Published: August 2012

Background

C-reactive protein (CRP) and Serum amyloid A protein (SAA) increases with systemic inflammation and are related to worse survival for breast cancer survivors. This study examines the association between percent body fat and SAA and CRP and the potential interaction with NSAID use and weight change.

Methods

Participants included 134 non-Hispanic white and Hispanic breast cancer survivors from the Health, Eating, Activity, and Lifestyle Study. Body fat percentage, measured with Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometer (DEXA), and circulating levels of CRP and SAA were obtained 30 months after breast cancer diagnosis.

Results

Circulating concentrations of CRP and SAA were associated with increased adiposity as measured by DEXA after adjustment for age at 24-months, race/ethnicity, dietary energy intake, weight change, and NSAID use. Survivors with higher body fat ≥35% had significantly higher concentrations of CRP (2.01 mg/l vs. 0.85 mg/l) and SAA (6.21 mg/l vs. 4.21 mg/l) compared to non-obese (body fat < 35%). Women who had gained more than 5% of their body weight since breast cancer diagnosis had non-statistically significant higher geometric mean levels of CRP and SAA. Mean levels of CRP and SAA were higher among obese women who were non-users of NSAIDs compared to current users; the association with SAA reached statistical significance (Mean SAA = 7.24, 95%CI 6.13-8.56 for non-NSAID; vs. 4.87; 95%CI 3.95-6.0 for NSAID users respectively).

Conclusions

Breast cancer survivors with higher body fat had higher mean concentrations of CRP and SAA than women with lower body fat. Further assessment of NSAID use and weight control in reducing circulating inflammatory markers among survivors may be worthwhile to investigate in randomized intervention trials as higher inflammatory markers are associated with worse survival.
Immediate in vivo target-specific cancer cell death after near infrared photoimmunotherapy
Authors: Mitsunaga Makoto , Nakajima Takahito , Sano Kohei , Kramer-Marek Gabriela , Choyke Peter L , Kobayashi Hisataka
Published: August 2012

Background

Near infrared (NIR) photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is a new type of cancer treatment based on a monoclonal antibody (mAb)-NIR phthalocyanine dye, (IR700) conjugate. In vitro cancer-specific cell death occurs during NIR light exposure in cells previously incubated with mAb-IR700 conjugates. However, documenting rapid cell death in vivo is more difficult.

Methods

A luciferase-transfected breast cancer cell (epidermal growth factor receptor+, MDA-MB-468luc cells) was produced and used for both in vitro and in vivo experiments for monitoring the cell killing effect of PIT. After validation of cytotoxicity with NIR exposure up to 8 J/cm2
in vitro, we employed an orthotopic breast cancer model of bilateral MDA-MB-468luc tumors in female athymic mice, which subsequently received a panitumumab-IR700 conjugate in vivo. One side was used as a control, while the other was treated with NIR light of dose ranging from 50 to 150 J/cm2. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) was performed before and after PIT.

Results

Dose-dependent cell killing and regrowth was successfully monitored by the BLI signal in vitro. Although tumor sizes were unchanged, BLI signals decreased by >95% immediately after PIT in vivo when light intensity was high (>100 J/cm2), however, in mice receiving lower intensity NIR (50 J/cm2), tumors recurred with gradually increasing BLI signal.

Conclusion

PIT induced massive cell death of targeted tumor cells immediately after exposure of NIR light that was demonstrated with BLI in vivo.
Collagen type I and decorin expression in tenocytes depend on the cell isolation method
Authors: Wagenhäuser Markus U , Pietschmann Matthias F , Sievers Birte , Docheva Denitsa , Schieker Matthias , Jansson Volkmar , Müller Peter E
Published: August 2012

Backround

The treatment of rotator cuff tears is still challenging. Tendon tissue engineering (TTE) might be an alternative in future. Tenocytes seem to be the most suitable cell type as they are easy to obtain and no differentiation in vitro is necessary. The aim of this study was to examine, if the long head of the biceps tendon (LHB) can deliver viable tenocytes for TTE. In this context, different isolation methods, such as enzymatic digestion (ED) and cell migration (CM), are investigated on differences in gene expression and cell morphology.

Methods

Samples of the LHB were obtained from patients, who underwent surgery for primary shoulder arthroplasty. Using ED as isolation method, 0.2% collagenase I solution was used. Using CM as isolation method, small pieces of minced tendon were put into petri-dishes. After cell cultivation, RT-PCR was performed for collagen type I, collagen type III, decorin, tenascin-C, fibronectin, Scleraxis, tenomodulin, osteopontin and agreccan.

Results

The total number of isolated cells, in relation to 1 g of native tissue, was 14 times higher using ED. The time interval for cell isolation was about 17 hours using ED and approximately 50 days using CM. Cell morphology in vitro was similar for both isolation techniques. Higher expression of collagen type I could be observed in tenocyte-like cell cultures (TLCC) using ED as isolation method (p < 0.05), however decorin expression was higher in TLCC using CM as isolation method (p < 0.05). Dedifferentiation potential seemed to be similar for both isolation techniques.

Conclusion

In summary tenocyte-like cells can be obtained with both isolation methods (ED and CM) from the LHB. As no obvious disadvantage could be seen using ED, this method is more suitable for clinical use, as time for cell isolation is shorter and a remarkably higher number of cells can be obtained. However, both isolation methods can further be improved.
Peri-implant and systemic effects of high-/low-affinity bisphosphonate-hydroxyapatite composite coatings in a rabbit model with peri-implant high bone turnover
Authors: Niu Shun , Cao Xiaorui , Zhang Yan , Zhu Qingsheng , Zhu Jinyu , Zhen Ping
Published: August 2012

Background

Hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings composed with bisphosphonates (BPs) which have high mineral-binding affinities have been confirmed to successfully enhance implant stability. However, few previous studies focused on HA coatings composed with low-affinity BPs or on systemic effects of locally released BPs.

Methods

In this long-term study, we developed two kinds of BP-HA composite coatings using either high-affinity BP (alendronate, ALN) or low-affinity BP (risedronate, RIS). Thirty-six rabbits were divided into three groups according to different coating applications (group I: HA, group II: ALN-HA, and group III: RIS-HA). Implants were inserted into the proximal region of the medullary cavity of the left tibiay. At insertion, 2 × 108 wear particles were injected around implants to induce a peri-implant high bone turnover environment. Both local (left tibias) and systemic (right tibias and lumbar vertebrae) inhibitory effect on bone resorption were compared, including bone-implant integration, bone architecture, bone mineral density (BMD), implant stability, and serum levels of bone turnover markers.

Results

The results indicated that ALN-HA composite coating, which could induce higher bone-implant contact (BIC) ratio, bone mass augmentation, BMD, and implant stability in the peri-implant region, was more potent on peri-implant bone, while RIS-HA composite coating, which had significant systemic effect, was more potent on non-peri-implant bone, especially lumbar vertebrae.

Conclusions

It is instructive and meaningful to further clinical studies that we could choose different BP-HA composite coatings according to the patient’s condition.
Two-carbon metabolites, polyphenols and vitamins influence yeast chronological life span in winemaking conditions
Authors: Orozco Helena , Matallana Emilia , Aranda Agustín
Published: August 2012

Background

Viability in a non dividing state is referred to as chronological life span (CLS). Most grape juice fermentation happens when Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells have stopped dividing; therefore, CLS is an important factor toward winemaking success.

Results

We have studied both the physical and chemical determinants influencing yeast CLS. Low pH and heat shorten the maximum wine yeast life span, while hyperosmotic shock extends it. Ethanol plays an important negative role in aging under winemaking conditions, but additional metabolites produced by fermentative metabolism, such as acetaldehyde and acetate, have also a strong impact on longevity. Grape polyphenols quercetin and resveratrol have negative impacts on CLS under winemaking conditions, an unexpected behavior for these potential anti-oxidants. We observed that quercetin inhibits alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities, and that resveratrol performs a pro-oxidant role during grape juice fermentation. Vitamins nicotinic acid and nicotinamide are precursors of NAD+, and their addition reduces mean longevity during fermentation, suggesting a metabolic unbalance negative for CLS. Moreover, vitamin mix supplementation at the end of fermentation shortens CLS and enhances cell lysis, while amino acids increase life span.

Conclusions

Wine S. cerevisiae strains are able to sense changes in the environmental conditions and adapt their longevity to them. Yeast death is influenced by the conditions present at the end of wine fermentation, particularly by the concentration of two-carbon metabolites produced by the fermentative metabolism, such as ethanol, acetic acid and acetaldehyde, and also by the grape juice composition, particularly its vitamin content.
Allicin enhances host pro-inflammatory immune responses and protects against acute murine malaria infection
Authors: Feng Yonghui , Zhu Xiaotong , Wang Qinghui , Jiang Yongjun , Shang Hong , Cui Liwang , Cao Yaming
Published: August 2012

Background

During malaria infection, multiple pro-inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ, TNF and nitric oxide (NO) play a crucial role in the protection against the parasites. Modulation of host immunity is an important strategy to improve the outcome of malaria infection. Allicin is the major biologically active component of garlic and shows anti-microbial activity. Allicin is also active against protozoan parasites includingPlasmodium, which is thought to be mediated by inhibiting cysteine proteases. In this study, the immunomodulatory activities of allicin were assessed during acute malaria infection using a rodent malaria modelPlasmodium yoelii17XL.

Methods

To determine whether allicin modulates host immune responses against malaria infection, mice were treated with allicin after infection withP. yoelii17XL. Mortality was checked daily and parasitaemia was determined every other day. Pro-inflammatory mediators and IL-4 were quantified by ELISA, while NO level was determined by the Griess method. The populations of dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, CD4+T and regulatory T cells (Treg) were assessed by FACS.

Results

Allicin reduced parasitaemia and prolonged survival of the host in a dose-dependent manner. This effect is at least partially due to improved host immune responses. Results showed that allicin treatment enhanced the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IFN-γ, TNF, IL-12p70 and NO. The absolute numbers of CD4+T cells, DCs and macrophages were significantly higher in allicin-treated mice. In addition, allicin promoted the maturation of CD11c+DCs, whereas it did not cause major changes in IL-4 and the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.

Conclusions

Allicin could partially protect host againstP. yoelii17XL through enhancement of the host innate and adaptive immune responses.
Promoter Methylation status of HIN-1 associated with outcomes of ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ho Chih-Ming , Huang Chi-Jung , Huang Chia-Yen , Wu Yih-Yiing , Chang Shwu-Fen , Cheng Wen-Fang
Published: August 2012

Background

This study is to analyze promoter methylation of various tumor suppressor genes in different types of ovarian carcinoma and to identify potential therapeutic targets of ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma (OCCA).

Materials and methods

The promoter methylation statuses of 40 genes in primary ovarian carcinomas including 47 clear- and 63 non-clear-cell type tissues, 6 OCCA cell lines, 29 benign ovarian endometriotic cysts, and 31 normal controls were analyzed by methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA). The MS-MLPA results were correlated with clinicopathological features and outcomes of 47 OCCA patients. Functions of the target genes were further explored by Western Blot Analysis, apoptosis assay, and caspase-3/7 activity analysis.

Results

Frequencies of methylated RASSF1A, CDH13, CACNA1A, HIN-1, and sFRP5 genes in OCCA tissues were significantly higher than those in non-OCCA cancerous tissues and benign endometriotic cysts.The expected OS for patients with methylated promoters of HIN-1 was significantly worse than those for patients without methylated HIN-1 (30% vs. 62%,p = 0.002). The HIN-1 gene was over-expressed in ES2 cells, a significant reduction in cell growth and induction of apoptosis, and increasing paclitaxel sensitivity by reducing phosphorylation of Akt were observed.

Conclusions

Methylation of HIN-1 promoteris anovel epigenetic biomarker associated with poor outcomes in OCCA patients. Ectopic expression of the HIN-1 gene increased paclitaxel sensitivity which is partly through Akt pathway.
Combining Cloud and sensors in a smart city environment
Authors: Mitton Nathalie , Papavassiliou Symeon , Puliafito Antonio , Trivedi Kishor S.
Published: August 2012

In the current worldwide ICT scenario, a constantly growing number of ever more powerful devices (smartphones, sensors, household appliances, RFID devices, etc.) join the Internet, significantly impacting the global traffic volume (data sharing, voice, multimedia, etc.) and foreshadowing a world of (more or less) smart devices, or “things” in the Internet of Things (IoT) perspective. Heterogeneous resources can be aggregated and abstracted according to tailored thing-like semantics, thus enabling Things as a Service paradigm, or better a “Cloud of Things”. In the Future Internet initiatives, sensor networks will assume even more of a crucial role, especially for making smarter cities. Smarter sensors will be the peripheral elements of a complex future ICT world. However, due to differences in the “appliances” being sensed, smart sensors are very heterogeneous in terms of communication technologies, sensing features and elaboration capabilities. This article intends to contribute to the design of a pervasive infrastructure where new generation services interact with the surrounding environment, thus creating new opportunities for contextualization and geo-awareness. The architecture proposal is based on Sensor Web Enablement standard specifications and makes use of the Contiki Operating System for accomplishing the IoT. Smart cities are assumed as the reference scenario.
Approximate m-Lie homomorphisms and approximate Jordan m-Lie homomorphisms associated to a parametric additive functional equation
Authors: Kenary Hassan Azadi , Rezaei Hamid , Gordji Madjid Eshaghi , Park Choonkil , Kim Sang Og
Published: August 2012

Using fixed point method, we establish the Hyers-Ulam stability of m-Lie homomorphisms and Jordan m-Lie homomorphisms in m-Lie algebras associated to the following generalized Jensen functional equation

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for a fixed positive integer m with m ≥ 2.

Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): Primary 17A42, 39B82, 39B52.
A carboxylesterase, Esterase-6, modulates sensory physiological and behavioral response dynamics to pheromone in Drosophila
Authors: Chertemps Thomas , François Adrien , Durand Nicolas , Rosell Gloria , Dekker Teun , Lucas Philippe , Maïbèche-Coisne Martine
Published: August 2012

Background

Insects respond to the spatial and temporal dynamics of a pheromone plume, which implies not only a strong response to 'odor on', but also to 'odor off'. This requires mechanisms geared toward a fast signal termination. Several mechanisms may contribute to signal termination, among which odorant-degrading enzymes. These enzymes putatively play a role in signal dynamics by a rapid inactivation of odorants in the vicinity of the sensory receptors, although direct in vivo experimental evidences are lacking. Here we verified the role of an extracellular carboxylesterase, esterase-6 (Est-6), in the sensory physiological and behavioral dynamics of Drosophila melanogaster response to its pheromone, cis-vaccenyl acetate (cVA). Est-6 was previously linked to post-mating effects in the reproductive system of females. As Est-6 is also known to hydrolyze cVA in vitro and is expressed in the main olfactory organ, the antenna, we tested here its role in olfaction as a putative odorant-degrading enzyme.

Results

We first confirm that Est-6 is highly expressed in olfactory sensilla, including cVA-sensitive sensilla, and we show that expression is likely associated with non-neuronal cells. Our electrophysiological approaches show that the dynamics of olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) responses is strongly influenced by Est-6, as in Est-6° null mutants (lacking the Est-6 gene) cVA-sensitive ORN showed increased firing rate and prolonged activity in response to cVA. Est-6° mutant males had a lower threshold of behavioral response to cVA, as revealed by the analysis of two cVA-induced behaviors. In particular, mutant males exhibited a strong decrease of male-male courtship, in association with a delay in courtship initiation.

Conclusions

Our study presents evidence that Est-6 plays a role in the physiological and behavioral dynamics of sex pheromone response in Drosophila males and supports a role of Est-6 as an odorant-degrading enzyme (ODE) in male antennae. Our results also expand the role of Est-6 in Drosophila biology, from reproduction to olfaction, and highlight the role of ODEs in insect olfaction.
Physiologic variations of serum tumor markers in gynecological malignancies during pregnancy: a systematic review
Authors: Han Sileny N , Lotgerink Anouk , Gziri Mina Mhallem , Van Calsteren Kristel , Hanssens Myriam , Amant Frédéric
Published: August 2012

Background

Recent insights provide support for the treatment of cancer during pregnancy, a coincidence that poses both mother and fetus at risk. Our aim was to critically review studies on the physiologic variations during pregnancy, the most common tumor markers used in diagnosis and follow-up of gynecological cancers.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of six tumor markers during normal pregnancy: carbohydrate antigen (CA) 15-3 (breast cancer); squamous cell carcinoma antigen (cervical cancer); and CA 125, anti-Müllerian hormone, inhibin B and lactate dehydrogenase (ovarian cancer).

Results

For CA 15-3, 3.3% to 20.0% of all measurements were above the cut-off (maximum 56 U/mL in the third trimester). Squamous cell carcinoma antigen values were above cut-off in 3.1% and 10.5% of the measurements (maximum 4.3 µg/L in the third trimester). Up to 35% of CA 125 levels were above cut-off: levels were highest in the first trimester, with a maximum value up to 550 U/mL. Inhibin B, anti-Müllerian hormone and lactate dehydrogenase levels were not elevated in maternal serum during normal pregnancy.

Conclusion

During normal pregnancy, tumor markers including CA 15.3, squamous cell carcinoma antigen and CA 125 can be elevated; inhibin B, anti-Müllerian hormone and lactate dehydrogenase levels remain below normal cut-off values. Knowledge of physiological variations during pregnancy can be clinically important when managing gynecological cancers in pregnant patients.
Population-based study on the prevalence of and risk factors for human papillomavirus infection in Qujing of Yunnan province, Southwest China
Authors: Lu-lu Sun , Qiong Jin , Hui Li , Xian-rong Zhou , Zhi-qin Song , Xue-mei Cheng , Tao Tao , Bing Liang , Lin Xu , Yu-rong Wang , Yan Zhen , Ji-wen He , Keng Shen
Published: August 2012

Background

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes cervical cancer and premalignant lesions of the cervix. Prevalence of HPV infection and HPV genotypes vary among different regions. However there is no data on the prevalence of HPV infection and HPV genotypes from southwest China. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for HR-HPV infection in Qujing of Yunnan province, southwest China to provide comprehensive baseline data for future screening strategies.

Methods

A sample of 5936 women was chosen by the multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method with selection probabilities proportional to size (PPS). An epidemiological questionnaire was conducted via a face-to-face interview and cervical specimens were taken for HPV DNA testing by Digene Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) test. HPV Genotyping Reverse Hybridization Test was used for HPV genotyping. Proportions were compared by Chi-squared tests, and logistic regression was utilized to evaluate risk factors.

Results

The median age was 38 years and the inter-quartile range was from 31 years to 47 years. 97.3% of the study population was Han nationality. Overall prevalence of HR-HPV infection was 8.3% (494/5936) and bimodal age distribution of HPV infection was observed. The five most prevalent HR-HPV genotypes were HPV-16(3.4%), HPV-56(1.7%), HPV-58(1.4%), HPV-33(1.2%) and HPV-52(0.88%). Multiple HPV infections were identified in 50.5% (208/412) of the positive genotyping specimens. Multivariate logistic regression model indicated that parity (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.18-1.53, p < 0.0001) was a risk factor for HR-HPV infection, and age of 50–65 years (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.45-0.80, p = 0.0005), being married or in stable relationship (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.31-0.96, p = 0.035) were protective factors.

Conclusions

This study provided baseline data on HR-HPV prevalence in the general female population in Qujing of Yunnan province, southwest China. The finding of multiple HPV infections and bimodal age distribution revealed that HPV screening is necessary for perimenopausal women in future.
Bilateral osteoporotic bone marrow defects of the mandible: a case report
Authors: Bravo-Calderón Diego Mauricio , Oliveira Denise Tostes , Martins dos Santos Wagner Humberto
Published: August 2012

Osteoporotic bone marrow defect of the jaws has been reported as a poorly demarcated radiolucency that affect mainly posterior mandible of middle-aged woman. The incidence of this condition is not exactly established and its pathogenesis remains unknown. An additional unusual case of osteoporotic bone marrow defects occurring bilaterally in the mandibular edentulous regions of a 32-year-old white woman is presented reinforcing its diagnostic criteria and histopathological findings.
IGRT versus non-IGRT for postoperative head-and-neck IMRT patients: dosimetric consequences arising from a PTV margin reduction
Authors: Schwarz Michael , Giske Kristina , Stoll Armin , Nill Simeon , Huber Peter E , Debus Jürgen , Bendl Rolf , Stoiber Eva M
Published: August 2012

Background

To evaluate the impact of image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) versus non-image-guided radiation therapy (non-IGRT) on the dose to the clinical target volume (CTV) and the cervical spinal cord during fractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for head-and-neck cancer (HNC) patients.

Material and Methods

For detailed investigation, 4 exemplary patients with daily control-CT scans (total 118 CT scans) were analyzed. For the IGRT approach a target point correction (TPC) derived from a rigid registration focused to the high-dose region was used. In the non-IGRT setting, instead of a TPC, an additional cohort-based safety margin was applied. The dose distributions of the CTV and spinal cord were calculated on each control-CT and the resulting dose volume histograms (DVHs) were compared with the planned ones fraction by fraction. The D50 and D98 values for the CTV and the D5 values of the spinal cord were additionally reported.

Results

In general, the D50 and D98 histograms show no remarkable difference between both strategies. Yet, our detailed analysis also reveals differences in individual dose coverage worth inspection. Using IGRT, the D5 histograms show that the spinal cord less frequently receives a higher dose than planned compared to the non-IGRT setting. This effect is even more pronounced when looking at the curve progressions of the respective DVHs.

Conclusions

Both approaches are equally effective in maintaining CTV coverage. However, IGRT is beneficial in spinal cord sparing. The use of an additional margin in the non-IGRT approach frequently results in a higher dose to the spinal cord than originally planned. This implies that a margin reduction combined with an IGRT correction helps to maintain spinal cord dose sparing best as possible. Yet, a detailed analysis of the dosimetric consequences dependent on the used strategy is required, to detect single fractions with unacceptable dosimetric deviations.
Gastroduodeno-plasty performed by distal gastric transection.- A new technique for large duodenal defect closure
Authors: Büsing Martin , Shaheen Hassan , Riege Raute , Utech Markus
Published: August 2012

Introduction

Duodenal ulcer lesions can represent a surgical challenge, especially if the duodenal wall is chronically inflamed, the defect exceeds a diameter of 3 cm and the ulceration is located in the second part of the duodenum.

Patient and method

We present the case of a 70-year-old male, who suffered from a 3 x 4 cm duodenal defect caused by duodenal pressure necrosis due to a 12.5 x 5.5 x 5 cm gallstone. Additionally, this stone caused intestinal obstruction (Bouveret’s syndrome) and bleeding with signs of shock. Besides the gallstone extraction, the common bile duct was drained by a T-tube and the duodenal defect closure was performed by a gastroduodeno-plasty and Bilroth II gastroenterostomy. The postoperative phase was uneventful. The reconstructed duodenum was endoscopically accessible and showed no pathological findings on follow-up.

Conclusion

The reconstruction of a large defect (> 3 cm) of the second part of the duodenum is safely feasible by a gastroduodeno-plasty. The critical gastroduodenal anastomosis can be protected by duodenal decompression, achieved by placing a T-tube in the common bile duct.
Renal tumors and second primary pancreatic tumors: a relationship with clinical impact?
Authors: Müller Sascha A , Pahernik Sascha , Hinz Ulf , Martin David J , Wente Moritz N , Hackert Thilo , Leowardi Christine , Haferkamp Axel , Büchler Markus W , Schmied Bruno M
Published: August 2012

Background

The occurrence of synchronous or metachronous renal cell carcinoma and pancreatic tumors has been described only in a few cases in the scientific literature. The study of double primary cancers is important because it might provide understanding of a shared genetic basis of different solid tumors and to detect patients at risk for secondary malignancy.

Methods

In a combined analysis of patient registries from University Departments of Urology and Visceral Surgery, 1178 patients with pancreatic tumors and 518 patients with renal cell carcinoma treated between 2001 and 2008 were evaluated,

Results

Overall 16 patients with renal cancer and synchronous (n = 6) or metachronous (n = 10) primary pancreatic tumors were detected. The median survival of all patients was 12.6 months, for the patients with synchronous resections 25.7 months and for the patients with metachronous resections 12.2 months, respectively.

Conclusions

The association between these two etiologies of malignancy demands more detailed epidemiological and molecular investigation. Clinical outcomes would support a resection as a recommended clinically valid option.
Excess dietary cholesterol may have an adverse effect on growth performance of early post-larval Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Niu Jin , Chen Peng-Fei , Tian Li-Xia , Liu Yong-Jian , Lin Hei-Zhao , Yang Hui-Jun , Liang Gui-Ying
Published: August 2012

One experiment was conducted to determine the nutritive value of cholesterol for post-larval shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Four isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets supplemented with four levels of cholesterol (D1, D2, D3 and D4 with 0, 0.5%, 1% and 2% cholesterol, respectively) were fed to triplicate groups of L. vannamei shrimp (mean initial wet weight 0.8 mg) for 27 days. After the trial, shrimp fed the D1 diet had the best growth performance (final body weights: FBW; weight gain: WG; specific growth rate: SGR), while there was no significant difference between diet treatments with respect to survival. The whole body crude protein level in the shrimp decreased with the increase in dietary cholesterol levels, while the whole body crude lipid level in shrimps in the D4 diet treatment was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in other diet treatments. Dietary analysis indicated that the D1 diet contained 0.92% cholesterol prior to supplementation, which may have satisfied the dietary cholesterol requirement of post-larval L. vannamei; excess dietary cholesterol may thus lead to adverse effects on the growth performance of post-larval shrimp.
An angle-domain imaging condition for elastic reverse time migration and its application to angle gather extraction
Authors: Yan Rui , Xie Xiao-Bi
Published: August 2012

An angle-domain imaging condition is recommended for multicomponent elastic reverse time migration. The local slant stack method is used to separate source and receiver waves into P- and S-waves and simultaneously decompose them into local plane waves along different propagation directions. We calculated the angle-domain partial images by crosscorrelating every possible combination of the incident and scattered plane P- and S-waves and then organized them into P-P and P-S local image matrices. Local image matrix preserves all the angle information related to the seismic events. Thus, by working in the image matrix, it is convenient to perform different angle-domain operations (e.g., filtering artifacts, correcting polarity, or conducting illumination and acquisition aperture compensations). Because local image matrix is localized in space, these operations can be designed to be highly flexible, e.g., target-oriented, dip-angle-dependent or reflection-angle-dependent. After performing angle-domain operations, we can stack the partial images in the local image matrix to generate the depth image, or partially sum them up to produce different angle-domain common image gathers, which can be used for amplitude versus angle and migration velocity analysis. We tested several numerical examples to demonstrate the applications of this angle-domain image condition.
Forelimb muscle activity during equine locomotion
Authors: Harrison Simon M. , Whitton R. Chris , King Melissa , Haussler Kevin K. , Kawcak Chris E. , Stover Susan M. , Pandy Marcus G.
Published: August 2012

Few quantitative data exist to describe the activity of the distal muscles of the equine forelimb during locomotion, and there is an incomplete understanding of the functional roles of the majority of the forelimb muscles. Based on morphology alone it would appear that the larger proximal muscles perform the majority of work in the forelimb, whereas the smaller distal muscles fulfil supplementary roles such as stabilizing the joints and positioning the limb for impact with the ground. We measured the timing and amplitude of the electromyographic activity of the intrinsic muscles of the forelimb in relation to the phase of gait (stance versus swing) and the torque demand placed on each joint during walking, trotting and cantering. We found that all forelimb muscles, except the extensor carpi radialis (ECR), were activated just prior to hoof-strike and deactivated during stance. Only the ECR was activated during swing. The amplitudes of muscle activation typically increased as gait speed increased. However, the amplitudes of muscle activation were not proportional to the net joint torques, indicating that passive structures may also contribute significantly to torque generation. Our results suggest that the smaller distal muscles help to stabilize the forelimb in early stance, in preparation for the passive structures (tendons and ligaments) to be stretched. The distal forelimb muscles remain active throughout stance only during canter, when the net torques acting about the distal forelimb joints are highest. The larger proximal muscles activate in a complex coordination to position and stabilize the shoulder and elbow joints during ground contact.
Leg adjustments during running across visible and camouflaged incidental changes in ground level
Authors: Müller Roy , Ernst Michael , Blickhan Reinhard
Published: August 2012

During running in a natural environment, humans must routinely negotiate varied and unpredictable changes in ground level. To prevent a fall, changes in ground level, especially those that are invisible, require a quick response of the movement system within a short time. For 11 subjects we investigated two consecutive contacts during running across visible (drop of 0, 5 and 10 cm) and camouflaged (drop of 0 and 10 cm) changes in ground level. For both situations, we found significant variances in their leg parameters and ground reaction forces (GRFs) during the perturbed second contact but also one step ahead, in the unperturbed first contact. At visible first contact, humans linearly adapt their GRF to lower and smooth their centre of mass. During the camouflaged situation, the GRF also decreased, but it seems that the runners anticipate a drop of approximately 5–10 cm. The GRF increased with drop height during the visible perturbed second contact. At the camouflaged second contact, GRFs differed noticeably from the observed reaction when crossing a similar visible drop, whereas the contact time decreased and the initial impact peak increased. This increased impact can be interpreted as a purely mechanical contribution to cope with the event. Furthermore, we observed an increased angle of attack and leg length with drop height for both situations. This is in accordance with results observed in birds running over a track with an unexpected drop, and suggests that adaptations in swing leg retraction form part of the strategy for running across uneven ground.
Successful treatment of Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection in a case of systemic lupus erythematosus – review of the literature regarding various treatment schedules
Authors: Mohanasundaram Kavitha , Rajasekaran Kamesharun , Selvaraj Jeyachandran , Balasubramanian Arumugam
Published: August 2012

Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection poses a great challenge to physicians in the tropics due to their non-specific symptoms and signs. Early identification and initiation of treatment improves mortality rates. Reports of Strongyloides infection in Hansens disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), organ transplant recipients and malnourished individuals have been reported in the published literature. The outcomes were variable, which may be attributed to a lack of treatment protocol. Treatment has been individualized and reports available are based on individual case reports and small case series. We report a successfully treated case of hyperinfection in SLE and discuss the various treatment options available.
The cause of endomyocardial fibrosis in Uganda
Authors: Connor Daniel Henry , Somers Krishna , Nelson Anne Marie , D'arbela Paul G , Lukande Robert
Published: August 2012

The cause of endomyocardial fibrosis in Uganda remains unknown in spite of studies dating back to 1948. Herbal decoctions have been used by traditional healers for countless generations to treat many complaints, especially fever. We present evidence – ethnic, geographical, tribal, pathological and distribution by age – that the toxic herbal decoctions taken as medicines in Uganda can cause endomyocardial fibrosis.
Three ways to defend social security in Britain
Authors: Baumberg Ben
Published: August 2012

British social security is now in a time of crisis, where cuts are being made to a system that was already struggling to provide decent security. In this paper I argue that successful proposals to combat this must (i) lead to reductions in poverty/inequality; (ii) fit existing perceptions of claimant ‘deservingness’; and (iii) change deservingness perceptions in the long run. I conclude that three influential recent proposals – ‘Decent Childhoods’, ‘National Salary Insurance’, and ‘The Solidarity Society’ – are only partially successful in meeting these criteria, and that successful reform requires a fusion of the respective insights of each proposal.
Attendance Allowance and Disability Living Allowance claimants in the older population: is there a difference in their economic circumstances?
Authors: Hancock Ruth , Morciano Marcello , Pudney Stephen
Published: August 2012

The UK Disability Living Allowance (DLA) is a non-means-tested cash benefit claimable only before age 65, although receipt can continue beyond 65. The similar Attendance Allowance (AA) can be claimed only from age 65 and in some cases is worth less than DLA. DLA is being replaced by Personal Independence Payment (PIP) which, like DLA, will have advantages over AA. These advantages are sometimes justified on grounds that DLA recipients have longer histories of disability and consequently lower incomes. Using detailed survey data we find no evidence of higher levels of income deprivation among older DLA than AA recipients.
Poor Absorption of High-Dose Posaconazole in Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant Patients
Authors: Matthias Kathryn R , Nix David E , Peloquin Charles A , Graham Michael L
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE:

To describe the use of high-dose posaconazole in 2 pediatric patients who received bone marrow transplant (BMT) and highlight concerns regarding posaconazole absorption.

CASE SUMMARY:

We present 2 pediatric BMT patients in whom prescribed high doses of posaconazole (120-300 mg/kg/day for >3 months) provided serum concentrations less than 1 μg/mL. Both patients received posaconazole with other antifungal therapy and surgical debridement for Rhizopus spp. infections after allogeneic BMTs. Various alternative dosing strategies to potentially enhance posaconazole absorption to increase serum concentrations were attempted, including higher daily doses, frequent or continuous oral administration via feeding tube, use of enteral nutrition, and limiting use of acid-blocking agents. During high-dose therapy, frequent posaconazole serum concentration measurement and other monitoring techniques, such as continuous telemetry, were used. While the fungal infections resolved in both patients and no serious adverse effects could be attributed to high-dose posaconazole administration, posaconazole therapy may have contributed to nausea and vomiting in 1 of the patients.

DISCUSSION:

These 2 cases describe complex circumstances, with several reasons that may have affected the patients' posaconazole serum concentrations. Both patients received significantly higher doses than those recommended in the posaconazole prescribing information, but potentially serious adverse events were not observed since serum concentration measurements were rarely more than 0.5 μg/mL.

CONCLUSIONS:

The safety of high-dose posaconazole therapy was not determined in these 2 patients. However, given that limited alternative therapy options are available for severely ill patients with suspected posaconazole malabsorption, research regarding dosing strategies should be considered.
Pharmacists' Recommendations to Improve Care Transitions
Authors: Haynes Katherine Taylor , Oberne Alison , Cawthon Courtney , Kripalani Sunil
Published: August 2012

BACKGROUND:

Increasingly, hospitals are implementing multifaceted programs to improve medication reconciliation and transitions of care, often involving pharmacists.

OBJECTIVE:

To assess pharmacists' views on their roles in hospital-based medication reconciliation and discharge counseling and provide their recommendations for improving care transitions.

METHODS:

Eleven study pharmacists at 2 hospitals participated in the Pharmacist Intervention for Low Literacy in Cardiovascular Disease (PILL-CVD) study and completed semistructured one-on-one interviews, which were coded systematically in NVivo. Pharmacists provided their perspectives on admission and discharge medication reconciliation, in-hospital patient counseling, provision of simple medication adherence aids (eg, pill box, illustrated daily medication schedule), and telephone follow-up.

RESULTS:

Pharmacists indicated that they considered medication reconciliation, although time consuming, to be their most important role in improving care transitions, particularly through detection of errors that required correction in the admission medication history. They also identified patients who required additional counseling because of poor understanding of their medications. Providing adherence aids was felt to be highly valuable for patients with low health literacy, although less useful for patients with adequate health literacy. Pharmacists noted that having trained administrative staff conduct initial postdischarge follow-up calls to screen for issues and triage which patients needed pharmacist follow-up was helpful and an efficient use of resources. Pharmacists' recommendations for improving care transitions included clear communication among team members, protected time for discharge counseling, patient and family engagement in discharge counseling, and provision of patient education materials.

CONCLUSIONS:

Pharmacists are well positioned to participate in hospital-based medication reconciliation, identify patients with poor medication understanding or adherence, and provide tailored patient counseling to improve transitions of care. Additional studies are needed to confirm these findings in other settings and to determine the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of different models of pharmacist involvement.