bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The State-of-art Analytical Models and Detectors for Black Holes
Authors: Yu Zehua
Published: November 2022

Since the 19th century, human beings have a much better understanding on the black holes with the fast progress on the optical detection technology. In this paper, the recent progress and the state-of-art detection scenarios for black holes are discussed, especially for the primordial black holes. With the result of evidence and theory, the current status of detecting black holes is detailly demonstrated. Specifically, five parts will be presented, the formation of the black holes, the growth of the black holes, the types of the black holes, the detection of the black holes and the relationship between primordial black holes and black matter. Overall, these results shed light on the astrophysics, the interaction between the black holes and the surrounding heavenly bodies and the universe with deeper insight.
Design and Simulation of a Position and Average Velocity Closed-loop Control Method of a Hydraulic Servo System
Authors: Mao Xuyao , Duan Wei , Xiang Chao , Wu Chao , Wang Ze
Published: November 2022

A concise position and average velocity closed-loop control method based on PID of
valve controlled hydraulic systems is proposed for both positional precise control and average
velocity precise control. First, set the target position and the target average velocity; secondly,
the average velocity closed-loop control is preferentially carried out at start-up; thirdly, switch
to the position closed-loop control circuit when the ratio of the actual position to the target
position reaches a critical value; at last, adjust the PID parameters to a proper configuration.
The simulations show that this method can acquire both the position and the average velocity
control with sufficient accuracy at the same time, in which the position deviation can be less
than 0.001% and the average velocity deviation is 2.08%. In addition, the simulations indicate
that the system can maintain almost the same precision of the position control and the average
velocity control by adding an external load as a disturbance item.
Numerical simulation study on the optimization of the central ejector intake tube
Authors: Jing Qi , Xu Wanwu , Ye Wei , Zhang Zhenkang
Published: November 2022

A CFD numerical simulation study was conducted for the primary flow non-axial inlet L/Y intake tube ejector. The effects of different configurations of the inlet piping on the secondary flow of the ejector were analyzed in terms of total pressure loss, separation zone volume, and velocity uniformity. The results showed that: the volume of the separation zone decreases with the increase of secondary flow total pressure. The L intake tube causes a larger separation zone under the same working condition. When the total pressure of secondary flow is 20kPa, the volume of the separation zone caused by the L intake tube reaches 15 times that of the Y intake tube, and the total pressure loss is 2.3 times that of the Y intake tube. A smaller separation zone has less effect on the flow field structure, resulting in better velocity uniformity in the mixing chamber inlet section of the Y intake tube ejector.
Changes in day–night dominance of combined day and night heatwave events in China during 1979–2018
Authors: Gao Shengjun , Chen Yunhao , Li Kangning , He Bin , Cui Ying , Hou Peng
Published: November 2022

China has experienced varying degrees of increase or decrease in daytime and nighttime heatwaves, but studies have mostly been at the site or grid scale, and it remains unclear how daytime and nighttime heatwave events in China vary regionally when spatial scales are considered. Here, we redefine the different types of heatwave events in China from 1979 to 2018 as combined day and night heatwave events (CDNHWEs) and independent daytime (nighttime) heatwave events. Due to more pronounced spatiotemporal characteristics, CDNHWEs are the dominant heatwave events in China. Further analysis of the dominant heatwave events indicates that their increase in intensity is stronger at night than during the day, i.e. for CDNHWEs, the daytime-dominated events are gradually replaced by nighttime-dominated events. Compared to 1979–2003, there has been an increase in dominant heatwave events mainly in the south during the day and a nationwide increase at night since 2004. For CDNHWEs, daytime and nighttime processes are regulated by different mechanisms. During the daytime, fewer clouds enhance solar shortwave radiation, favouring daytime heatwaves; however, the increase in aerosols in northern China suppresses solar shortwave radiation. At night, the increase in humidity allows for increased longwave radiation, which favours the formation of nighttime heatwaves across the country. These findings further demonstrate the regional variability of heatwave hazards experienced in China and that targeted heatwave-mitigation measures should be developed based on regional characteristics.
Multidecadal changes in biology influence the variability of the North Atlantic carbon sink
Authors: Ostle Clare , Landschützer Peter , Edwards Martin , Johnson Martin , Schmidtko Sunke , Schuster Ute , Watson Andrew J , Robinson Carol
Published: November 2022

The North Atlantic Ocean is the most intense marine sink for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) in the world’s oceans, showing high variability and substantial changes over recent decades. However, the contribution of biology to the variability and trend of this sink is poorly understood. Here we use in situ plankton measurements, alongside observation-based sea surface CO2 data from 1982 to 2020, to investigate the biological influence on the CO2 sink. Our results demonstrate that long term variability in the CO2 sink in the North Atlantic is associated with changes in phytoplankton abundance and community structure. These data show that within the subpolar regions of the North Atlantic, phytoplankton biomass is increasing, while a decrease is observed in the subtropics, which supports model predictions of climate-driven changes in productivity. These biomass trends are synchronous with increasing temperature, changes in mixing and an increasing uptake of atmospheric CO2 in the subpolar North Atlantic. Our results highlight that phytoplankton play a significant role in the variability as well as the trends of the CO2 uptake from the atmosphere over recent decades.
Water markets’ promise: the Murray–Darling Basin
Authors: Debaere Peter , Li Tianshu
Published: November 2022

The very advanced and well-designed water markets in the Murray–Darling Basin are the result of long and complex reforms. Using state-level export data for agricultural and manufacturing sectors, we study the impact of water markets on the allocation of water through the first (1994–2006) and second reform periods (2007–2015), relative to when the markets’ foundations were laid (1988–1993). We find water markets trigger a shift away from the water-intensive (less water-productive) sectors that is most pronounced during droughts in the first reform period. However, improvements in technology and techniques that reduce water intensity (increase water productivity) partially offset such a shift. We also document an inter-sectoral shift of activity between agriculture and manufacturing, as well as address some recent criticisms of water markets’ effectiveness.
Airborne geophysical method images fast paths for managed recharge of California’s groundwater
Authors: Knight Rosemary , Steklova Klara , Miltenberger Alex , Kang Seogi , Goebel Meredith , Fogg Graham
Published: November 2022

Given the substantial groundwater level declines in the Central Valley of California, there is an urgent need to supplement the recharge of the groundwater systems by implementing managed aquifer recharge. With approximately 170 km3 (140 million acre-feet) of available groundwater storage space, water deemed to be excess during wet years could be spread on the ground surface at selected locations allowing it to move downward to recharge the underlying aquifer system. Along the eastern edge of the Central Valley there are large paleovalleys that can act as fast paths expediting the downward movement of water. These paleovalleys, incised and then filled with coarse-grained materials—sand, gravel, cobbles—at the end of the last glacial period, are referred to as incised valley fill (IVF) deposits. An IVF deposit has been mapped at one location in the Kings River alluvial fan, with others proposed to exist in the fans of major rivers. If located, these deposits would be optimal sites for managed recharge. In this study, we assessed the use of a helicopter-deployed geophysical method to efficiently locate IVF deposits throughout the Central Valley. We acquired 542 line-kilometers of airborne electromagnetic (AEM) data in the Kings River alluvial fan, with dense line-spacing over the Kings River IVF deposit which had been mapped as ∼2 km wide, extending over 20 km into the Central Valley, from the ground surface to a depth of 30 m. The IVF deposit was unambiguously imaged in the AEM data as an extensive linear feature that was more electrically resistive than the surrounding materials due to the high percentage of coarse-grained sediments. This study provides the evidence to support the rapid adoption of the AEM method to locate IVF deposits along the eastern edge of the Central Valley. These deposits provide valuable natural infrastructure for recharging California’s groundwater.
Good Environmental Governance Model in Domestic Waste Management in Batang Arau, West Sumatera
Authors: Frinaldi A , Saputra B , Mubarak A , Jumiati  , Renaldi I , Humaida H
Published: November 2022

River damage is often caused by human activities, one of which is massive domestic waste pollution in river flows. Using the Good Environmental Governance model, this study analyzes domestic waste management in Batang Arau, Padang City. This type of qualitative research with data analysis techniques Manual Data Analysis Procedure (MDAP). The results show that the domestic waste management of the Batang Arau City of Padang has not yet implemented the Good Environmental Governance model. Field data illustrates several pillars of Good Environmental Governance, such as low community participation, access to information on domestic waste management is not available, and Transparency and Accountability of domestic waste management in Batang Arau are constrained due to the difficulty of collecting domestic community data. Waste. Domestic waste processing in Padang City has not been decentralized and is still centralized. Environmental management institutions in Padang City have not been well integrated because there are still sectoral egos between institutions. The obstacle to managing Batang Arau domestic waste is that the Wastewater Treatment Plant in the city of Padang has not appropriately been facilitated in the city of Padang.
Analysis of Ranjo Batu Community Perception of Unlicensed Gold Mining Activities on Environmental Quality
Authors: Mubarak A , Saputra B , Frinaldi A , Triono A
Published: November 2022

Since 2008, the activity of gold mining without a permit in Ranjo Batu Village has always been a polemic. There have been pros and cons in the community. Some people get various benefits, but others feel disadvantaged, giving rise to various perceptions. In this article, we focus more on the environmental aspect. The most apparent impact of mining activities is a decrease in environmental quality, but some people seem to ignore it because a pragmatic view is maintained. This study aims to comprehensively determine the publics perception of the environmental aspects of gold mining activities without a permit in Ranjo Batu Village. The research method uses descriptive and quantitative data. Data were obtained by distributing valid and reliable questionnaires to 95 respondents from a total population of 1,736 people. The descriptive analysis method will use the descriptive analysis method a percentage with the category of respondent achievement level (TCR). The results showed that the publics perception of environmental aspects was included in the unfavorable category, 53.61%. This perception score indicates that illegal gold mining from a community perspective hurts the environment, both in the water, on land, and in the air.
The effectiveness of EM4 and Local Micro-organisms (LOM) Activators in Organic Waste Processing in Brikama Market West Coast Region, The Gambia
Authors: Jassey Babucarr , Syafrudin  , Zaman Badrus , Ceesay Kemo , Touray Ibrahim , Ngum Juma , Prakoso Habibi
Published: November 2022

Compost is the result of decaying process of organic materials due to the interaction between decomposing microorganisms found within. Compost is a type of organic fertilizer that originates from decomposed organic materials. Observations at Brikama Market indicated 20 vegetable vendors with at least 5 pieces of vegetables decaying, market sales decline by approximately 5 kg for every transaction. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of organic waste treatment using EM4 and LOM. This research is purely experimental, uses Posttest Group design and Independent Sample T-Test. This research was conducted in groups, with different forms of waste-treatments which included the use of EM4 and local microorganism activators and observed as it decays. The results obtained differences in the average processing of organic waste using EM4 and LOM activators. The average temperature of EM4 activator 29.89°C while LOM 29.97°C. The average humidity 48.67 for EM4 activator while LOM 49.64 and the average pH of EM4 activator 5.96 while LOM 5.43. The research revealed significant changes in EM4 and LOM activators seen from the measurement of temperature, humidity and pH. It is recommended to the community to participate in managing waste, especially organic waste by making compost using EM4 and LOM activators.
Analysis of Water Quality Change in Tourist Attractions to Reduce Ecological Destruction: Perspectives on Science and Environmental Theology
Authors: Abas Zainul , Anggrella Dita Purwinda , Husen Fathurrohman , Purwono Purwono
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine changes in water quality due to water tourism activities in Umbul Ponggok and Jumog Waterfall, Central Java, Indonesia. This research uses a mixed-method approach that combines science (laboratory tests) and environmental theology study. Water samples were taken from tourism locations and then analyzed in the laboratory. Environmental theology studies were conducted by interviewing managers & visitors to find out about the care and utilization of water sources. Based on statistical tests, the pH, Temperature, TDS, and conductivity values of the water at the research location did not change significantly; both the quality of the water from the source, the water when it was used and the water after it was used for water tourism activities. The water pH at the Umbul Ponggok tourist and Jumog Waterfall is between 8.7-9.1 and 8-8.1, respectively. Water temperature ranges between 20-21°C and 24- 25°C. TDS levels ranged from 67-121 mg/L, and water in the Umbul Ponggok ranged from 126-129 mg/L. Jumog waterfall's water conductivity is 123-217 mg/L and Umbul Ponggok 235-240 mg/L. The implementation of environmental theology was shown by the existence of preventive and curative actions against water pollution that water tourism managers have carried out.
Development of Agritourism Potential as an Alternative Form to Preservation of Rural Environment in Samboja East Kalimantan
Authors: Pakalla Virgilia Anna Gustiniani , Ghozali Achmad
Published: November 2022

The relocation of the capital city of Republic Indonesia to East Kalimantan, which is called Nusantara, will certainly increase resident migration to East Kalimantan. This relocation will affect the tourism activity needs. Although, it can also threaten the existence of water system, flora and fauna, pollution and other environmental damage. Samboja, one of Subdistrict of Kutai Kartanegara, is the buffer zones of Nusantara. Samboja has a great potential for developing agritourism because it has the largest land area and amount of agricultural production in Kutai Kartanegara. The combination of agriculture and tourism or called agritourism is a form of creative economic development in the agricultural sector that provides added value to agribusiness and also can contribute to the rural environment preservation. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the agritourism development in Samboja by identify the agritourism potential using scoring analysis with the 4A approach, namely Attraction. Accessibility, Amenity and Ancillary. The results of this research showed that the potential attractions in Samboja Subdistrict are agricultural land, various agricultural commodities, and agricultural activities carried out in the forms of planting, management, and harvesting. Then, the villages with high potential classification for agritourism development are Handil Baru, Sanipah and Karya Jaya.
Study on the analysis of demographic data based on spatial information systems
Authors: Wijaya A P , Nugraha A L , Sukmono A , Firdaus H S
Published: November 2022

The demography database system should be very useful for various purposes in resolving socio-economic problems, such as the distribution of charity, especially for people affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. But unfortunately, the demography database system in Indonesia still has many problems. Things to consider are that there is no integration between databases at the central and local governments, and there is no synchronization of data between institutions. The next problem is that our demographic database system is not based on spatial information. Therefore, we need a demography database system that is integrated with the spatial information system. This study aims to integrate a demographic database system into a spatial information system. The demographic database system in principle always refers to certain administrative units, such as villages, subdistricts, districts/cities, and the state. The administrative unit can contain information about a geographic perspective, such as elevation, position, topography, etc. As a result, in addition to demographic policies, geographic perspectives can be considered, and the identification of asynchronous data between central and local governments becomes easier. In addition, there are impacts, which need to be considered in transforming tabular to spatial data, such as; scale factor, generalization, and classification.
Climate Change Issue and Consumer Behavior in Purchasing Beauty Product
Authors: Pitaloka Lola Kurnia , Widiatami Anna Kania
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to see how consumer awareness, trust, and social influence can interest consumers buy green cosmetic products. This research is an exploratory quantitative analysis with Structural Equation Model as a data analysis with warpPLS as a tool analysis. The population is active users of cosmetic products in Indonesia with an age range of 15 to 35 years. The sampling technique used accidental sampling because there were no exact data and the sample are 100 respondents. Data collected using a close questionnaire. In this study, all variables affect consumer purchasing decisions as large as 0,03 and 0,001, but this study found that social influences weaken brand trust. It can be said that the green character of consumers is still difficult to form. Consumers, as a social individual, still depend on the decisions of others because they want to be accepted in their environment. Unfortunately, there are still many people in Indonesia who do not have a strong green character. Awareness of climate change still needs improvement, and it requires the commitment of environmental organizations to socialize the dangers of climate change and increase the green character in the community to influence consumer purchases.
Analysis of Diversity Level and Vegetation Structural Composition Post Restoration at Resort Cangkringan Mount Merapi National Park
Authors: Kusumaningrum Lia , Setyono Prabang , Sunarhadi Muhammad Amin , Sholiqin Muchammad , Hermawan Bagus , Berlin Gavriel Enos
Published: November 2022

Mount Merapi eruption in 2010 caused a total of 1,128 ha of damage to Mount Merapi National Park (MMNP). The MMNP Center carried out planting activities as a restoration activity in an area that had a fairly severe impact on Cangkringan Resort. This research is located at Cangkringan Resort in the restoration area of Klangon and Kali Kuning. This study aims to determine the level of diversity and vegetation structure after 10 years of post restoration. Analysis of the composition and structure is important to assess biodiversity and determine the success rate of restoration of the MMNP ecosystem damaged by the eruption. This research uses the line and line transect method with quantitative data analysis by Shanon Weiner and Evenness. This study found 45 plant species in Klangon and 34 plant species in Kali Kuning. The results show that the total level of diversity in Cangkringan Resort MMNP is moderate (1.465), the level of evenness in Klangon is moderate (0.444) and in Kali Kuning moderate (0.346). Therefore, the level of diversity and uniformity of the vegetation at Cangkringan Resort MMNP is at the medium classification level and shows a better change in the improvement of the vegetation.
The Bias in SPARCLE Measurements
Authors: Romadhon Moch Syarif
Published: November 2022

SPARCLE is an optical particle counter (OPC) designed to measure particle size and refractive index in the size range between 500 nm and 2500 nm. The knowledge of the parameters is essential for understanding the aerosol impact on the Earth's radiative forcing. There are other instruments which try to measure the parameters simultaneously, however, those instruments need either ad hoc scaling factors or further manipulation to their outputs to retrieve the parameters. In contrast to those instruments, no manipulation is needed in retrieving the parameters from SPARCLE outputs. SPARCLE measurements suffer a bias due to various factors. In this paper, those factors are evaluated and the impact of the bias on simulated SPARCLE measurements is demonstrated. The results indicate that the bias introduces additional structures to measured size distribution.
Effect of drying duration on the water content of durian peel waste for bio pellet
Authors: Pusparizkita Yustina M , Hidayatullah Alif F , Anwar Norrisal F , Junaidi J , Sudarno S
Published: November 2022

Bio pellet is popular as an alternative solid fuel for replacing firewood and coal. In this study, the biomass used as raw material for making bio pellets is durian peel. Due to the high-water content, durian peel must be dried before being processed into a bio pellet. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze three variable time effects of drying duration at a temperature of 100°C on the water content of durian peel. The results showed that the water content of durian skin after drying for 6, 12, and 24 hours was 11,04%; 8,09%; and 3,75%. The most extended drying duration will produce the driest raw materials and the lowest moisture content. Nevertheless, the drying time that has the appropriate moisture content for the raw material for making pellets was 6 and 12 hours.
Environmental disclosure and its determinants
Authors: Wahyuningrum I F S , Amal M I , Oktavilia S , Setyadharma A , Khafid M , Lina M
Published: November 2022

Nowadays, companies are required to report not only about their economic performance but also about the social and environmental aspects of their operations. This is because social and environmental disclosures are seen as increasingly significant in terms of their influence on the survival of the company. The purpose of this study is to see how firm size, profitability, leverage, and managerial ownership affect environmental disclosure. The population of this study comprises non-financial sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2017 and 2020. Purposive sampling was used, yielding 160 units to be analysed. A documentation technique was used to collect the research data that were used. The data came from the IDX website as well as from the official websites of each company. Descriptive statistical analysis and regression testing using SPSS were used. The results show that profitability and leverage have a negative effect on environmental disclosure. A suggestion stemming from this research is that companies should increase their environmental disclosure in order to ensure the transparency and accountability of their information in the eyes of the public. Future research is expected to be able to use all financial ratios to assess the impact of financial performance on company environmental disclosures.
Rapid cultivation of aerobic granular sludge in laboratory scale sequencing batch reactor
Authors: Arifianingsih Nur Novilina , Ansari Andrianto , Wu Pei-Hsun
Published: November 2022

Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is known as excellent biological treatment for wastewater industry, high organic load wastewater and adsorption of heavy metal. AGS have some advantages such as higher density, higher biomass retention, simultaneous nutrient removal and higher tolerance to toxicity. The aim of this research is to use sequencing batch reactor (SBR) to cultivate AGS in the short time (28 days) in laboratory scale. Experimental condition that we use to cultivate AGS are based on this parameter: 1.5 hours of total cycle time, 50 % of exchange ratio, 3 hours of HRT and 3 l/min air flow rate. Even the AGS cultivation successfully achieve in 28 days with pH around 7-9, DO 3.6 mg/l, SVI 232.6 mg/l, and MLSS 500 mg/l, it is still need more time to generate more mature AGS to breakdown organic molecule in the wastewater.
Characteristics of Banana Leaves as Gaseous Biosorbent
Authors: Wahyudi Rahmatia Sarah , Huboyo Haryono Setiyo , Sutrisno Endro , Zaman Badrus
Published: November 2022

The quality of air is vital for our existence. Increasing industrial development and household activities will increase the risk of air pollution and environmental damage. Some air pollution in ambient air quality is very toxic and lethal. One method that can remove gaseous pollutants is adsorption. Previous study about banana plant as adsorbent of gaseous pollutant, banana leaves has the highest adsorption efficiency value of 76.52%. Purpose of this study to discuss characteristics and potential of banana leaves as gaseous adsorbent. This research was carried out by studying literature and testing the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) of the banana leaf surface morphology. The structural properties of adsorbent were characterized, which exhibited the adsorbent’s porous surface or stomata. There are several studies of the SEM analysis results that explain stomata are able to trap air pollution. Banana leaves contain lignin, cellulose, and cuticle which have been found in several studies to be useful as gas adsorbents. Based on these studies, it can be concluded that banana leaves have potential as an adsorbent of gaseous pollutants.
Virtual Waste Community: Sustainable Living in Digital Era
Authors: Redyantanu B P , Yatmo Y A , Atmodiwirjo P
Published: November 2022

Waste is a problem in our society and still depends on the conventional management system. This paper discusses the interrelationship among virtual social media, waste management practice, and community-based economics in supporting sustainability and zero waste in the digital era. In particular, it attempts to identify the potential connections of social media in extending new environmental practices. Observation of two types of Indonesian Instagram accounts (personal and group) of waste-related illustrates that social media can act as an alternative platform to respond to waste issues. Qualitative case studies demonstrate the relationship between virtual social media, waste, and creative economic potential in various communities in Indonesia. This analysis focuses on independent efforts, especially regarding their potential related to environmental and economic factors. The findings show that virtual platforms related to urban waste management play an important role in three aspects. The personal aspect is related to building a sustainable lifestyle through informational and awareness content, the economic aspect is related to generating alternative circular creative economic for environmental communities, and environmental practice focuses on forming an independent and participatory waste management mechanism. Such connection in the virtual platforms brings new green digital infrastructure possibilities supporting sustainability.
Managing Informal Economic Environment based on Daytime and Night-time Transition
Authors: Gunawan F , Yatmo Y A
Published: November 2022

Informal economy is one of the examples of life cycle attributes contributing to the overall sustainable environment. Pasar Lama Tangerang in Banten, Indonesia is known as a market with continuous economic cycle from morning until night-time with different economic actors. This study investigates the management of the environment from daytime to night-time as part of informal and night-time economy. The discussion of night-time economy is currently limited and has been addressed separately from daytime economy. We argue that investigating the transition and management from daytime to night-time and its consequences of a night-time market is a crucial strategy of managing future informal economy. The methodology of this study was conducted qualitatively by capturing the transition by night-photography on multiple visits and the observation was done by night-walking and informal interviews, while tracing of spatial changes was done by differentiation in visiting hours. The study finds that differentiation of economic hours and implementation of spatial layering and zoning of all the economic actors, formal and informal, from an existing environment would be useful as environmental management strategy.
Determination of peak hour and maximum daily factors on domestic usage patterns in the Special Region of Yogyakarta
Authors: Syahputra B , Nafiah  , Poedjiastoeti H
Published: November 2022

Water use during peak hours and daily maximum are two interrelated terms in water usage patterns. Fluctuations in water use can be determined by planning standards, namely, estimates of peak hour and daily factors, so as to optimize air production and improve services. This study aims to calculate the maximum peak hour and daily factors. This research was carried out in the Special Region of Yogyakarta with a sampling technique carried out using a stratified proportional random sampling as many as 200 respondents. The results showed that the use of water at peak hours was 266.73 liters / day, which was in the morning between 06.00 and 08.00 am, while the maximum daily use of water is 774.09 litres/day which is on Sunday. The peak hour factor in the Special Region of Yogyakarta is 1.30 and the maximum daily factor is 1.26, when compared to the standard established by the Directorate General of Human Settlements, Ministry of Public Works, the peak hour factor is 1.5 while the daily maximum is 1.1. This means that the peak hour and maximum daily factors cannot be generalized in the Special Region of Yogyakarta.
Radio-frequency measurements of energetic-electron-driven emissions using high-frequency magnetic probe on XuanLong-50 spherical torus
Authors: WANG Mingyuan , LUN Xiuchun , BO Xiaokun , LIU Bing , LIU Adi , SHI Yuejiang
Published: November 2022

A high-frequency magnetic probe is designed and developed on the XuanLong-50 (EXL-50) spherical torus to measure high-frequency magnetic field fluctuation. The magnetic loop, radio filters, radio-frequency limiter, and data acquisition system of the probe are comprehensively examined. The fluctuation data from the EXL-50 plasma are analyzed in the time–frequency domain using fast Fourier transforms. Moreover, distinct high-frequency instabilities are detected using this diagnostic system. In particular, significant frequency chirping is observed, which is consistent with the bump-on-tail drive instability predicted using the Berk–Breizman model.
Towards combinatorial invariance for Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials
Authors: Blundell Charles , Buesing Lars , Davies Alex , Veličković Petar , Williamson Geordie
Published: November 2022

Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials are important and mysterious objects in representation theory. Here we present a new formula for their computation for symmetric groups based on the Bruhat graph. Our approach suggests a solution to the combinatorial invariance conjecture for symmetric groups, a well-known conjecture formulated by Lusztig and Dyer in the 1980s.
A deep learning approach to Reduced Order Modelling of parameter dependent partial differential equations
Authors: Franco Nicola , Manzoni Andrea , Zunino Paolo
Published: November 2022

Within the framework of parameter dependent Partial Differential Equations (PDEs), we develop a constructive approach based on Deep Neural Networks for the efficient approximation of the parameter-to-solution map. The research is motivated by the limitations and drawbacks of state-of-the-art algorithms, such as the Reduced Basis method, when addressing problems that show a slow decay in the Kolmogorov

n
n

-width. Our work is based on the use of deep autoencoders, which we employ for encoding and decoding a high fidelity approximation of the solution manifold. To provide guidelines for the design of deep autoencoders, we consider a nonlinear version of the Kolmogorov

n
n

-width over which we base the concept of a minimal latent dimension. We show that the latter is intimately related to the topological properties of the solution manifold, and we provide theoretical results with particular emphasis on second order elliptic PDEs, characterizing the minimal dimension and the approximation errors of the proposed approach. The theory presented is further supported by numerical experiments, where we compare the proposed approach with classical Principal Orthogonal Decomposition (POD)-Galerkin reduced order models. In particular, we consider parametrized advection-diffusion PDEs, and we test the methodology in the presence of strong transport fields, singular terms and stochastic coefficients.
Quadratic points on bielliptic modular curves
Authors: Najman Filip , Vukorepa Borna
Published: November 2022

Bruin and Najman [LMS J. Comput. Math. 18 (2015), pp. 578–602], Ozman and Siksek [Math. Comp. 88 (2019), pp. 2461–2484], and Box [Math. Comp. 90 (2021), pp. 321–343] described all the quadratic points on the modular curves of genus

2
≤
g
(

X
0

(
n
)
)
≤
5

2\leq g(X_0(n)) \leq 5

. Since all the hyperelliptic curves

X
0

(
n
)

X_0(n)

are of genus

≤
5

\leq 5

and as a curve can have infinitely many quadratic points only if it is either of genus

≤
1

\leq 1

, hyperelliptic or bielliptic, the question of describing the quadratic points on the bielliptic modular curves

X
0

(
n
)

X_0(n)

naturally arises; this question has recently also been posed by Mazur.

We answer Mazur’s question completely and describe the quadratic points on all the bielliptic modular curves

X
0

(
n
)

X_0(n)

for which this has not been done already. The values of

n
n

that we deal with are

n
=
60

n=60

,

62
62

,

69
69

,

79
79

,

83
83

,

89
89

,

92
92

,

94
94

,

95
95

,

101
101

,

119
119

and

131
131

; the curves

X
0

(
n
)

X_0(n)

are of genus up to

11
11

. We find all the exceptional points on these curves and show that they all correspond to CM elliptic curves. The two main methods we use are Box’s relative symmetric Chabauty method and an application of a moduli description of

Q

\mathbb {Q}

-curves of degree

d
d

with an independent isogeny of degree

m
m

, which reduces the problem to finding the rational points on several quotients of modular curves.
On invariable generation of alternating groups by elements of prime and prime power order
Authors: Guralnick Robert , Shareshian John , Woodroofe Russ
Published: November 2022

We verify that every alternating group of degree at most one quadrillion is invariably generated by an element of prime order together with an element of prime power order.
Symbol length in Brauer groups of elliptic curves
Authors: Attanasio Mateo , Choi Caroline , Mandelshtam Andrei , Ure Charlotte
Published: November 2022

Let

ℓ
\ell

be an odd prime, and let

K
K

be a field of characteristic not

2
2

,

3
3

, or

ℓ
\ell

containing a primitive

ℓ
\ell

-th root of unity. For an elliptic curve

E
E

over

K
K

, we consider the standard Galois representation
\[
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="rho Subscript upper E comma script l Baseline colon upper G a l left-parenthesis upper K overbar slash upper K right-parenthesis right-arrow upper G upper L 2 left-parenthesis double-struck upper F Subscript script l Baseline right-parenthesis comma">

ρ

E
,
ℓ

:
G
a
l
(

K
¯

/

K
)
→
G

L
2

(

F

ℓ

)
,

\rho _{E,\ell }: Gal(\overline {K}/K) \rightarrow GL_2(\mathbb {F}_{\ell }),

\]
and denote the fixed field of its kernel by

L
L

. Recently, the last author gave an algorithm to compute elements in the Brauer group explicitly, deducing an upper bound of

2
(
ℓ
+
1
)
(
ℓ
−
1
)

2(\ell +1)(\ell -1)

on the symbol length in

ℓ

B
r
(
E
)

/

ℓ

B
r
(
K
)

_{\ell }Br(E) / _{\ell }Br(K)

. More precisely, the symbol length is bounded above by

2
[
L
:
K
]

2[L:K]

. We improve this bound to

[
L
:
K
]
−
1

[L:K]-1

if

ℓ
∤
[
L
:
K
]

\ell \nmid [L:K]

. Under the additional assumption that

G
a
l
(
L

/

K
)

Gal(L/K)

contains an element of order

d
>
1

d > 1

, we further reduce it to

(
1
−

1
d

)
[
L
:
K
]

(1-\frac {1}{d})[L:K]

. In particular, these bounds hold for all elliptic curves with complex multiplication, in which case we deduce a general upper bound of

ℓ
+
1

\ell + 1

. We provide an algorithm implemented in SageMath to compute these symbols explicitly over number fields.
Compatible ideals in ℚ-Gorenstein rings
Authors: Polstra Thomas , Schwede Karl
Published: November 2022

Suppose

R
R

is a

F
F

-finite and

F
F

-pure

Q

\mathbb {Q}

-Gorenstein local ring of prime characteristic

p
>
0

p>0

. We show that an ideal

I
⊆
R

I\subseteq R

is uniformly compatible ideal (with all

p

−
e

p^{-e}

-linear maps) if and only if exists a module finite ring map

R
→
S

R\to S

such that the ideal

I
I

is the sum of images of all

R
R

-linear maps

S
→
R

S\to R

. In other words, the set of uniformly compatible ideals is exactly the set of trace ideals of finite ring maps.
Transplantation and enrichment of busulfan-resistant primordial germ cells into adult testes for efficient production of germline chimeras in songbirds
Authors: Jung Kyung Min , Kim Young Min , Han Jae Yong
Published: November 2022

Zebra finch is a unique model for behavioral, neural, and genomic studies of vocal learning. Several transgenic zebra finches have been produced, although the germline transmission efficiencies are reportedly low. Recently, there have been attempts to produce germline chimeras using primordial germ cells (PGCs). However, this has been hampered by difficulties associated with the manipulation of the small eggs and the fact that the zebra finch is an altricial species that requires parental care after birth, unlike precocial chickens. Consequently, it is difficult to transplant PGCs into embryos and maintain the chimeras. Here, we developed a busulfan-mediated system for transplantation of PGCs into adult testes, to produce germline chimeras with an improved germline transmission capacity. We established microsomal glutathione-S-transferase II (MGSTII)-overexpressing PGCs that are resistant to busulfan, which induces germ cell-specific cytotoxicity, and transplanted them into testes rendered temporarily infertile by busulfan. The recipients were given a second dose of busulfan to deplete endogenous germ cells and enrich the transplanted cells, and donor cell-derived spermatogenesis was accomplished. This method requires fewer recipients due to higher survival rates, and there is no need to wait for maturation of the founders, which is required when transplanting PGCs into embryos. These results are expected to improve transgenic zebra finch production.
Moving the River: Rethinking Regulation in Social Work
Authors: Worsley Aidan
Published: November 2022

Social work regulation in England has experienced a considerable period of change in recent years. The profession’s latest regulator, Social Work England, faces similar challenges to sister professions—and to social work internationally—to improve and focus regulatory activity to better protect the public. In examining activity around poor performance and fitness to practice (FTP), the author explores the potential for shifting the emphasis of a regulatory gaze to practice before problems occur, rather than always dealing with the after-effects (known as ‘upstreaming’). A case is also made for developing ‘formative spaces’—where organisations might construct interventions to address professional performance before recourse to regulatory structures. To examine the readiness of organisational structures to take on this task, a series of qualitative, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with experienced practitioners. Thematic analysis of the data illustrates a range of current strategies for dealing with these issues. In conclusion, this article promotes the idea of shifting the balance of regulatory activity away from FTP areas to more positive, proactive endeavours that might better protect the public and help the profession manage the challenges faced by the complexity of contemporary practice.
Clinical and genetic characteristics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with ANXA11 variants
Authors: Sung Wonjae , Nahm Minyeop , Lim Su Min , Noh Min-Young , Lee Sanggon , Hwang Sung-Min , Kim Yong Ho , Park Jinseok , Oh Ki-Wook , Ki Chang-Seok , Kim Young-Eun , Kim Seung Hyun
Published: November 2022

Increasing genetic evidence supports the hypothesis that variants in the annexin A11 gene (ANXA11) contribute to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathogenesis. Therefore, we studied the clinical aspects of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients carrying ANXA11 variants. We also implemented functional experiments to verify the pathogenicity of the hotspot variants associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia. Korean patients diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (n = 882) underwent genetic evaluations through next-generation sequencing, which identified 16 ANXA11 variants in 26 patients. We analysed their clinical features, such as the age of onset, progression rate, initial symptoms and cognitive status. To evaluate the functional significance of the ANXA11 variants in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia pathology, we additionally utilized patient fibroblasts carrying frontotemporal dementia-linked ANXA11 variants (p.P36R and p.D40G) to perform a series of in vitro studies, including calcium imaging, stress granule dynamics and protein translation. The frequency of the pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants of ANXA11 was 0.3% and the frequency of variants classified as variants of unknown significance was 2.6%. The patients with variants in the low-complexity domain presented unique clinical features, including late-onset, a high prevalence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia, a fast initial progression rate and a high tendency for bulbar-onset compared with patients carrying variants in the C-terminal repeated annexin homology domains. In addition, functional studies using amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia patient fibroblasts revealed that the ANXA11 variants p.P36R and p.D40G impaired intracellular calcium homeostasis, stress granule disassembly and protein translation. This study suggests that the clinical manifestations of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia spectrum patients with ANXA11 variants could be distinctively characterized depending upon the location of the variant.
Nonnutritive Sugars for Spotted-Wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Control Have Minimal Nontarget Effects on Honey Bee Larvae, a Pupal Parasitoid, and Yellow Jackets
Authors: Price Briana E , Breece Carolyn , Galindo Gracie , Greenhalgh Abigail , Sagili Ramesh , Choi Man-yeon , Lee Jana C
Published: November 2022

Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, spotted-wing drosophila, is a major pest of small fruits and cherries and often managed with conventional insecticides. Our previous work found that erythritol, a nonnutritive polyol, has insecticidal properties to D. suzukii. Two formulations of erythritol (1.5M), with 0.5M sucrose or 0.1M sucralose, are most effective at killing D. suzukii. In this study, we investigated the nontarget effects of these erythritol formulations on honey bee Apis mellifera Linnaeus larvae, a pupal parasitoid of D. suzukii, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae Rondani, and western yellow jacket, Vespula pensylvanica Saussure. We directly exposed honey bee larvae by adding a high dose (2 µl) to larval cells and found no significant mortality from either formulation compared to the water control. Pachycrepoideus vindemiae may encounter erythritol in field settings when host plants of D. suzukii are sprayed. The erythritol+sucralose formulation was more detrimental than erythritol+sucrose to P. vindemiae, however, this effect was greatly reduced within a 21-d period when a floral source was present. Since yellow jackets are a nuisance pest and were attracted to the erythritol formulations in recent field trials, we tested adult V. pensylvanica survival with continuous consumption of these formulations in the laboratory. We found no detectable detriment from either formulation, compared to the sucrose control. Overall, both erythritol formulations caused minimal nontarget effects on honey bee larvae, P. vindemiae parasitoids, and western yellow jackets.
Improving the Computer-Aided Estimation of Ulcerative Colitis Severity According to Mayo Endoscopic Score by Using Regression-Based Deep Learning
Authors: Polat, Gorkem , Kani Haluk Tarik , Ergenc Ilkay , Ozen Alahdab Yesim , Temizel Alptekin , Atug Ozlen
Published: November 2022

Background

Assessment of endoscopic activity in ulcerative colitis (UC) is important for treatment decisions and monitoring disease progress. However, substantial inter- and intraobserver variability in grading impairs the assessment. Our aim was to develop a computer-aided diagnosis system using deep learning to reduce subjectivity and improve the reliability of the assessment.

Methods

The cohort comprises 11 276 images from 564 patients who underwent colonoscopy for UC. We propose a regression-based deep learning approach for the endoscopic evaluation of UC according to the Mayo endoscopic score (MES). Five state-of-the-art convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures were used for the performance measurements and comparisons. Ten-fold cross-validation was used to train the models and objectively benchmark them. Model performances were assessed using quadratic weighted kappa and macro F1 scores for full Mayo score classification and kappa statistics and F1 score for remission classification.

Results

Five classification-based CNNs used in the study were in excellent agreement with the expert annotations for all Mayo subscores and remission classification according to the kappa statistics. When the proposed regression-based approach was used, (1) the performance of most of the models statistically significantly increased and (2) the same model trained on different cross-validation folds produced more robust results on the test set in terms of deviation between different folds.

Conclusions

Comprehensive experimental evaluations show that commonly used classification-based CNN architectures have successful performance in evaluating endoscopic disease activity of UC. Integration of domain knowledge into these architectures further increases performance and robustness, accelerating their translation into clinical use.