bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects on Mathematics and Executive Function of a Mathematics and Play Intervention Versus Mathematics Alone
Authors: Clements Douglas H. , Sarama Julie , Layzer Carolyn , Unlu Fatih , Fesler Lily
Published: April 2020

Early education is replete with debates about “academic” versus “play” approaches. We evaluated 2 interventions, the Building Blocks (BB) mathematics curriculum and the BB synthesized with scaffolding of play to promote executive function (BBSEF), compared to a business-as-usual (BAU) control using a 3-armed cluster randomized trial with more than 1,000 children in 84 preschool classrooms across three districts (multiracial or multiethnic, low income, 27% English Language Learner). Impact estimates for BBSEF were mixed in sign, small in magnitude, and insignificant. Most impact estimates for BB were positive, but only a few were statistically significant, with more in the kindergarten year (delayed effects), including both mathematics achievement and executive function (EF) competencies. Gains in both mathematics and EF can be mutually supportive and thus resist the fade-out effect.
Borboletas (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) em floresta estacional semidecidual do sul do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Vieira Lucas Ramos , Silva Lauana Daló da , Oliveira Luan de Andrade , Rosa Augusto Henrique Batista , Souza Marcos Magalhães de
Published: April 2020

As borboletas desempenham funções essenciais nos ecossistemas, podendo ser utilizadas como bioindicadores. Apesar de sua relevância pouco se conhece sobre o grupo em muitos estados, ecossistemas e unidades de conservação brasileiras, como o estado de Minas Gerais, em que se conhece cerca de 1600 espécies, das quais 25 estão ameaçadas de extinção. Nesse panorama o objetivo do estudo foi inventariar a fauna de borboletas em áreas de floresta estacional semidecidual na região sul de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O trabalho foi conduzido de janeiro de 2016 a maio de 2019, com esforço amostral diferenciado para cada área, totalizando 492 horas amostrais. Os exemplares capturados foram armazenados em envelopes entomológicos e encaminhados para sua identificação no Laboratório de Ecologia e Sistemática de Borboletas (LABBOR), e encontra-se em processo de tombamento na coleção biológica do Laboratório de Zoologia do IFSULDEMINAS, Campus Inconfidentes. Foram coletados 1070 indivíduos, pertencentes a seis famílias e 234 espécies distribuídas em 19 subfamílias. Destaca-se o registro da espécie Charonias theano (BOISDUVAL, 1836) ameaçada de extinção, presente na Área de Proteção Ambiental da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Machado, município de Poço Fundo. O presente estudo evidenciou que a região sul de Minas Gerais abriga uma importante fauna de borboletas, sendo necessário estabelecer ações para conservação dessa biota.
Identificação de impactos ambientais provocados pelo lançamento de resíduos sólidos e líquidos no Rio Itapecuru
Authors: Pereira Cristina da Silva , Rodrigues Mayara Oliveira Sousa , Barros Cindhi Lorrane dos Santos , Almeida Bruna Lays Nascimento de , Diogo Maria Lays Sousa de Andrade
Published: April 2020

Neste estudo, analisou-se a problemática ambiental identificando os principais impactos ocasionados pelo lixo lançado no rio Itapecuru, o que contribui para o comprometimento da qualidade da água do corpo hídrico em questão. As principais atividades e processos responsáveis pela degradação ambiental do rio estão relacionados com a disposição inadequada do lixo e com o lançamento de dejetos por meio de esgotos não tratados. Foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas, atividades de campo, e registros fotográficos. Os resultados apontaram que na área avaliada o esgoto doméstico oriundo das residências dos moradores, próximos das margens do rio, é jogado diretamente no corpo hídrico sem tratamento prévio, o que pode ocasionar vários problemas, tais como: poluição, desequilíbrio do ecossistema aquático, além do odor desagradável. Observou-se que as intervenções dos setores públicos na situação encontrada são mínimas, a população fica incomodada com poluição tanto visual quanto hídrica, porém não possuem meios para um descarte adequado do lixo e optam por descartá-lo da maneira mais acessível. Além de desconhecerem as leis de proteção ao meio ambiente, os residentes próximos as margens dos rios possuem pouco conhecimento quanto ao saneamento básico e um dos principais motivos para degradação está associado à ocupação e ao uso do solo urbano pelo homem. Sendo assim, conclui-se que nas proximidades do rio Itapecuru existem impactos ambientais causados pela ação do homem e são vários fatores que colaboram com a degradação do meio aquático, incluindo o lançamento de lixo.
A eletroquímica como fonte de energia no cotidiano do ser humano
Authors: Janke Rafaela Vogel Vieira , Anjos Andrieli de Fátima dos , Santos Paulo Henrique , Missiura Francini Binotto , Santana Isabella Souza de , Bernardes Marina , Venturi Rhaina Liz
Published: April 2020

O ser humano utiliza de várias fontes de energia para seu desenvolvimento desde tempos remotos. O uso da energia química, como a conhecemos atualmente,  foi desenvolvida cientificamente no século XVIII com a invenção da pilha pelo físico Alessandro Volta. O dispositivo possibilitou entre outros, a invenção do telégrafo, iluminação elétrica e vários aparelhos portáteis. Com o avanço tecnológico,  as pilhas e baterias se popularizaram e estão por toda parte,  entretanto, ainda não é de conhecimento de todos os usuários seu conceito, composição e forma correta de descarte. A presente pesquisa buscou determinar através de ponto de coleta, a quantidade de pilhas e baterias recolhidas em uma das regiões na cidade de Itajaí (SC). Outro objetivo, além de quantificar, é  instruir e sensibilizar a população local sobre a importância de conhecer e destinar corretamente o descarde destes dispositivos. Para atender aos objetivos,  foram instalados pontos de coleta no Colégio São José. Aravés de questionário e panfletos informativos foram entrevistados e informados aos usuários das pilhas e baterias sobre funcionamento, composição e a forma correta de descarte. Durante a análise dos materiais coletados, foram observados 20 diferentes fabricantes de pilhas, sendo 68,6% alcalinas e 77,5% no modelo AA. Com relação às baterias,  apenas 37,5 %  eram de íons lítio. A análise do questionário demostrou que 58% dos usuários não têm ou têm pouco conhecimento da forma correta de descarte. Sobre a composição química,  67% desconhecem e têm pouco interesse em saber,  a respeito dos danos à saúde e meio ambiente,  somente 58% demostraram  possuir certos conhecimentos. É importante considerar que apesar das informações estarem disponíveis à população, de modo geral, ainda se desconhece políticas públicas como, por exemplo,  a Logística Reversa e Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos que definem de forma clara os ciclos e as formas corretas de descartes desses dispositivos, responsabilisando os consumidores, distribuidores, órgão públicos e fabricantes pelo destino correto.
Gestão ambiental conceitual para o desenvolvimento sustentável do distrito industrial de Icoaraci (Belém/ PA): estudo da vulnerabilidade das águas subterrâneas
Authors: Cabral Ana Carla Leite Carvalho , Bello Leonardo Augusto Lobato , Lopes Maria do Socorro Bezerra , Lopes David Franco , Lobo Marco Aurélio Arbage
Published: April 2020

Este estudo tem por objetivo central estudar a vulnerabilidade intrínseca das águas subterrâneas do local aplicando o método Groundwater occurance, Overall of lithology e Depth of groundwater (GOD) para a adaptação e transformação de um distrito industrial em operação em Parque Industrial Ecológico (PIE), no âmbito da gestão ambiental da Ecologia Industrial (EI). Apresenta-se uma breve revisão da literatura acerca dos distritos industriais, assim como os princípios da Ecologia Industrial. A partir da metodologia, a qual se baseia no estudo de profundidade de aquífero, sua condição de confinamento e a litologia da zona não saturada. Como fonte de dados foram usados os poços disponibilizados pela CPRM, por meio do SIAGAS e estudos científicos acerca de PIE e SI. Analisando-se a existência de indícios da cultura de EI nos empreendimentos do distrito industrial. Os índices mostram que cerca de 70% da área apresenta vulnerabilidade baixa e 20% da área, é média. A principal justificativa para este contexto é a presença de argila empacotando os extratos arenosos. Conclui-se que a maior parte da área do Distrito Industrial de Icoaraci (Belém-PA) possui baixa vulnerabilidade, mas que ainda assim, as áreas de médias vulnerabilidades precisam de estudos mais detalhados para aumentar a segurança com as águas subterrâneas e os resultados obtidos indicaram que o distrito industrial de Icoaraci apresenta um potencial regular para ser adaptado em um PIE, conforme a analise proposta neste estudo.
World literature, Kampala 1961-1968: literary circulation in
Transition
Authors: Falk Erik
Published: April 2020

This article starts from two premises: that the almost exclusive reliance
on the novel in several of the dominant elaborations of world literary models gives
a very partial view of the global circulation of literature and, consequently, that
much can be gained through analyses of complementary or alternative media and,
secondly, that certain arguments within postcolonial literary studies on the
circulation and audiences of African literature are inadequately grounded
empirically. Taking the literary magazine Transition as an example – and
more precisely its first, Ugandan, period –, this article seeks to make a
contribution to both fields. Through discussion of the publication’s content and its
circulation pattern, it shows that most of the authors published came from African
countries, but also included British, American and Caribbean contributors; that
poetry was its most represented literary genre, even as the magazine published
seminal prose material; that the magazine’s readers, many of whom interacted
actively, were found across the African continent and in Europe and the U.S.A.; and
that Transition combined characteristics of « little » and « big » magazines.
These empirical findings, the article argues, raise questions about key issues in
world literary as well as postcolonial literary conceptualization – such as the
status of the nation or the national field in world literary studies, the
limitations of the notion of « literature » they use, and the relationship between
(post-)colonial and « imperial » channels for production and circulation of literary
artefacts.
Écrire pour la presse : un tremplin pour les écrivains ? Le cas de Madagascar
Authors: Ranaivoson Dominique
Published: April 2020

À Madagascar, les écrivains sont presque tous en même temps des journalistes, ou même des fondateurs de titres de presse. De fait, ils écrivent dans les périodiques des textes appartenant à divers registres. La création littéraire, souvent d’abord sous la forme poétique et sous pseudonyme, trouve dans leurs colonnes une place privilégiée. Cependant, la large diffusion, si elle est immédiate, n’assure pas toujours pour autant la reconnaissance d’une oeuvre. Nous montrons dans cette étude comment la double carrière de nombre d’écrivains passe par la presse et comment ce seul mode de publication, éphémère, est aujourd’hui un obstacle à la reconstitution de nombreuses trajectoires et, partant, d’une histoire littéraire de Madagascar.
Adaora Ulasi : deux univers parallèles et un dialogue de sourds
Authors: Ugochukwu Françoise
Published: April 2020

Le premier roman d’Adaora Ulasi, Many Thing You no Understand (1970), qui se situe dans les années 1930, porte l’éclairage sur les années délaissées par la trilogie d’Achebe. Le roman met en scène une sombre affaire de têtes coupées dans le contexte des funérailles d’un chef traditionnel, opposant le groupe des villageois aux deux agents de district britanniques en poste dans la région. Le récit illustre le thème central du roman, à savoir l’absence quasi-totale de communication entre deux mondes parallèles : celui des autochtones et celui des coloniaux qui tentent de gérer le pays igbo et font face à de multiples difficultés. Ulasi souligne ici l’importance cruciale de la connaissance des langues étrangères dans la résolution des conflits.
La mondialité de la langue française dans les manifestes « francophones »
Authors: Ngadi Maïssa Laude
Published: April 2020

Cet article vise à analyser la mondialité de la langue française à partir des
manifestes littéraires publiés en France au début du xxie siècle. L’intérêt majeur est ainsi de dépasser l’opposition
sommaire entre écrivains francophones du Nord et du Sud en proposant une lecture
croisée des postures manifestaires d’auteurs dans le champ littéraire français
contemporain. La mondialité, bien au-delà d’un engagement (politique, idéologique,
identitaire et géographique) franco-francophone relatif à la prétendue crise de la
langue française face à l’anglais, est surtout poétique et sociologique.
Poétiquement, les auteurs revendiquent un cosmopolitisme en faveur de la
déterritorialisation de l’imaginaire linguistique, qui pourrait favoriser dans le
même temps l’avènement d’une communauté post-francophone. Sur le plan sociologique,
les écrivains français soulignent l’apport des écrivains francophones qui, tout en
se félicitant de l’hospitalité du « méridien » littéraire alors renforcé à
l’international, dénoncent leur marginalisation par les institutions.
CE QUI SE CACHE DERRIÈRE LA PRÉCARITÉ DOMICILIAIRE
Authors: Gaucher Charles , Albert Hélène , Savoie Lise , Flowers Linsay
Published: April 2020

Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude sur l’itinérance menée dans la région de Moncton, au Nouveau-Brunswick. Il aborde deux pratiques qui sont ressorties d’une série d’observations participantes : (1) le regard posé par les intervenants oeuvrant dans des organismes dédiés aux personnes en situation de précarité domiciliaire et (2) l’organisation des ressources communautaires en soutien à cette population. L’analyse présente en quoi ces deux pratiques contribuent à invisibiliser l’itinérance en participant au masquage et au maquillage du phénomène dans un contexte de quasi-ruralité.
MEDICAL ASSISTANCE IN DYING (MAID)
Authors: Amurao Alona
Published: April 2020

Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) is a legal federal framework for medical practitioners to assist in the cessation of life upon request from eligible patients who seek assisted death in order to die peacefully and with dignity. MAID’s ‘mentally competent’ eligibility criteria currently create confusion for social workers because they provide little guidance on how to best implement the desired practices intended to support the aims of MAID. Secondly, current criteria pose challenges for vulnerable populations, particularly patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS patients who are deemed mentally incapable are denied access to MAID, suffering in pain every day until they die. Canada’s MAID policy infringes on their autonomy, and removes their choice to die with dignity. This injustice calls for further reconsideration of the ways MAID can be reformed to serve dying Canadians who are falling through the cracks of MAID. Policy recommendations include inclusion of advanced directives and substitute decision makers. Due to this unequal access in health care services, this concern constitutes a social work issue. Recommendations for social work include increasing competency, and advocacy regarding the provision of MAID.
A dynamic interaction between CD19 and the tetraspanin CD81 controls B cell co-receptor trafficking
Authors: Susa Katherine J , Seegar Tom CM , Blacklow Stephen C , Kruse Andrew C
Published: April 2020

CD81 and its binding partner CD19 are core subunits of the B cell co-receptor complex. While CD19 belongs to the extensively studied Ig superfamily, CD81 belongs to a poorly understood family of four-pass transmembrane proteins called tetraspanins. Tetraspanins play important physiological roles by controlling protein trafficking and other processes. Here, we show that CD81 relies on its ectodomain to traffic CD19 to the cell surface. Moreover, the anti-CD81 antibody 5A6, which binds selectively to activated B cells, recognizes a conformational epitope on CD81 that is masked when CD81 is bound to CD19. Mutations of CD81 in this interface suppress its CD19 export activity. These data indicate that the CD81 - CD19 interaction is dynamically regulated upon B cell activation and this dynamism can be exploited to regulate B cell function. These results are not only valuable for understanding B cell biology, but also have important implications for understanding tetraspanin function generally.
Chromatin accessibility dynamics and single cell RNA-Seq reveal new regulators of regeneration in neural progenitors
Authors: Kakebeen Anneke Dixie , Chitsazan Alexander Daniel , Williams Madison Corinne , Saunders Lauren M , Wills Andrea Elizabeth
Published: April 2020

Vertebrate appendage regeneration requires precisely coordinated remodeling of the transcriptional landscape to enable the growth and differentiation of new tissue, a process executed over multiple days and across dozens of cell types. The heterogeneity of tissues and temporally-sensitive fate decisions involved has made it difficult to articulate the gene regulatory programs enabling regeneration of individual cell types. To better understand how a regenerative program is fulfilled by neural progenitor cells (NPCs) of the spinal cord, we analyzed pax6-expressing NPCs isolated from regenerating Xenopus tropicalis tails. By intersecting chromatin accessibility data with single-cell transcriptomics, we find that NPCs place an early priority on neuronal differentiation. Late in regeneration, the priority returns to proliferation. Our analyses identify Pbx3 and Meis1 as critical regulators of tail regeneration and axon organization. Overall, we use transcriptional regulatory dynamics to present a new model for cell fate decisions and their regulators in NPCs during regeneration.
Aire-dependent genes undergo Clp1-mediated 3’UTR shortening associated with higher transcript stability in the thymus
Authors: Guyon Clotilde , Jmari Nada , Padonou Francine , Li Yen-Chin , Ucar Olga , Fujikado Noriyuki , Coulpier Fanny , Blanchet Christophe , Root David E , Giraud Matthieu
Published: April 2020

The ability of the immune system to avoid autoimmune disease relies on tolerization of thymocytes to self-antigens whose expression and presentation by thymic medullary epithelial cells (mTECs) is controlled predominantly by Aire at the transcriptional level and possibly regulated at other unrecognized levels. Aire-sensitive gene expression is influenced by several molecular factors, some of which belong to the 3’end processing complex, suggesting they might impact transcript stability and levels through an effect on 3’UTR shortening. We discovered that Aire-sensitive genes display a pronounced preference for short-3’UTR transcript isoforms in mTECs, a feature preceding Aire’s expression and correlated with the preferential selection of proximal polyA sites by the 3’end processing complex. Through an RNAi screen and generation of a lentigenic mouse, we found that one factor, Clp1, promotes 3’UTR shortening associated with higher transcript stability and expression of Aire-sensitive genes, revealing a post-transcriptional level of control of Aire-activated expression in mTECs.
Nuclear receptor Ftz-f1 promotes follicle maturation and ovulation partly via bHLH/PAS transcription factor Sim
Authors: Knapp Elizabeth M , Li Wei , Singh Vijender , Sun Jianjun
Published: April 2020

The NR5A-family nuclear receptors are highly conserved and function within the somatic follicle cells of the ovary to regulate folliculogenesis and ovulation in mammals; however, their roles in Drosophila ovaries are largely unknown. Here, we discover that Ftz-f1, one of the NR5A nuclear receptors in Drosophila, is transiently induced in follicle cells in late stages of oogenesis via ecdysteroid signaling. Genetic disruption of Ftz-f1 expression prevents follicle cell differentiation into the final maturation stage, which leads to anovulation. In addition, we demonstrate that the bHLH/PAS transcription factor Single-minded (Sim) acts as a direct target of Ftz-f1 to promote follicle cell differentiation/maturation and that Ftz-f1’s role in regulating Sim expression and follicle cell differentiation can be replaced by its mouse homolog steroidogenic factor 1 (mSF-1). Our work provides new insight into the regulation of follicle maturation in Drosophila and the conserved role of NR5A nuclear receptors in regulating folliculogenesis and ovulation.
The yeast mating-type switching endonuclease HO is a domesticated member of an unorthodox homing genetic element family
Authors: Coughlan Aisling Y , Lombardi Lisa , Braun-Galleani Stephanie , Martos Alexandre AR , Galeote Virginie , Bigey Frédéric , Dequin Sylvie , Byrne Kevin P , Wolfe Kenneth H
Published: April 2020

The mating-type switching endonuclease HO plays a central role in the natural life cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but its evolutionary origin is unknown. HO is a recent addition to yeast genomes, present in only a few genera close to Saccharomyces. Here we show that HO is structurally and phylogenetically related to a family of unorthodox homing genetic elements found in Torulaspora and Lachancea yeasts. These WHO elements home into the aldolase gene FBA1, replacing its 3' end each time they integrate. They resemble inteins but they operate by a different mechanism that does not require protein splicing. We show that a WHO protein cleaves Torulaspora delbrueckii FBA1 efficiently and in an allele-specific manner, leading to DNA repair by gene conversion or NHEJ. The DNA rearrangement steps during WHO element homing are very similar to those during mating-type switching, and indicate that HO is a domesticated WHO-like element.
Differentiating between integration and non-integration strategies in perceptual decision making
Authors: Stine Gabriel M , Zylberberg Ariel , Ditterich Jochen , Shadlen Michael N
Published: April 2020

Many tasks used to study decision-making encourage subjects to integrate evidence over time. Such tasks are useful to understand how the brain operates on multiple samples of information over prolonged timescales, but only if subjects actually integrate evidence to form their decisions. We explored the behavioral observations that corroborate evidence-integration in a number of task-designs. Several commonly accepted signs of integration were also predicted by non-integration strategies. Furthermore, an integration model could fit data generated by non-integration models. We identified the features of non-integration models that allowed them to mimic integration and used these insights to design a motion discrimination task that disentangled the models. In human subjects performing the task, we falsified a non-integration strategy in each and confirmed prolonged integration in all but one subject. The findings illustrate the difficulty of identifying a decision-maker’s strategy and support solutions to achieve this goal.
Multi-state recognition pathway of the intrinsically disordered protein kinase inhibitor by protein kinase A
Authors: Olivieri Cristina , Wang Yingjie , Li Geoffrey C , V S Manu , Kim Jonggul , Stultz Benjamin R , Neibergall Matthew , Porcelli Fernando , Muretta Joseph M , Thomas David DT , Gao Jiali , Blumenthal Donald K , Taylor Susan S , Veglia Gianluigi
Published: April 2020

In the nucleus, the spatiotemporal regulation of the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA-C) is orchestrated by an intrinsically disordered protein kinase inhibitor, PKI, which recruits the CRM1/RanGTP nuclear exporting complex. How the PKA-C/PKI complex assembles and recognizes CRM1/RanGTP is not well understood. Using NMR, SAXS, fluorescence, metadynamics, and Markov model analysis, we determined the multi-state recognition pathway for PKI. After a fast binding step in which PKA-C selects PKI’s most competent conformations, PKI folds upon binding through a slow conformational rearrangement within the enzyme’s binding pocket. The high-affinity and pseudo-substrate regions of PKI become more structured and the transient interactions with the kinase augment the helical content of the nuclear export sequence, which is then poised to recruit the CRM1/RanGTP complex for nuclear translocation. The multistate binding mechanism featured by PKA-C/PKI complex represents a paradigm on how disordered, ancillary proteins (or protein domains) are able to operate multiple functions such as inhibiting the kinase while recruiting other regulatory proteins for nuclear export.
Live-cell single particle imaging reveals the role of RNA polymerase II in histone H2A.Z eviction
Authors: Ranjan Anand , Nguyen Vu Q , Liu Sheng , Wisniewski Jan , Kim Jee Min , Tang Xiaona , Mizuguchi Gaku , Elalaoui Ejlal , Nickels Timothy J , Jou Vivian , English Brian P , Zheng Qinsi , Luk Ed , Lavis Luke D , Lionnet Timothee , Wu Carl
Published: April 2020

The H2A.Z histone variant, a genome-wide hallmark of permissive chromatin, is enriched near transcription start sites in all eukaryotes. H2A.Z is deposited by the SWR1 chromatin remodeler and evicted by unclear mechanisms. We tracked H2A.Z in living yeast at single-molecule resolution, and found that H2A.Z eviction is dependent on RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) and the Kin28/Cdk7 kinase, which phosphorylates Serine 5 of heptapeptide repeats on the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest Pol II subunit Rpb1. These findings link H2A.Z eviction to transcription initiation, promoter escape and early elongation activities of Pol II. Because passage of Pol II through +1 nucleosomes genome-wide would obligate H2A.Z turnover, we propose that global transcription at yeast promoters is responsible for eviction of H2A.Z. Such usage of yeast Pol II suggests a general mechanism coupling eukaryotic transcription to erasure of the H2A.Z epigenetic signal.
The dynamic interplay of host and viral enzymes in type III CRISPR-mediated cyclic nucleotide signalling
Authors: Athukoralage Januka S , Graham Shirley , Rouillon Christophe , Grüschow Sabine , Czekster Clarissa M , White Malcolm F
Published: April 2020

Cyclic nucleotide second messengers are increasingly implicated in prokaryotic anti-viral defence systems. Type III CRISPR systems synthesise cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) upon detecting foreign RNA, activating ancillary nucleases that can be toxic to cells, necessitating mechanisms to remove cOA in systems that operate via immunity rather than abortive infection. Previously, we demonstrated that the Sulfolobus solfataricus type III-D CRISPR complex generates cyclic tetra-adenylate (cA4), activating the ribonuclease Csx1, and showed that subsequent RNA cleavage and dissociation acts as an ‘off-switch’ for the cyclase activity. Subsequently, we identified the cellular ring nuclease Crn1, which slowly degrades cA4 to reset the system (Rouillon et al., 2018), and demonstrated that viruses can subvert type III CRISPR immunity by means of a potent anti-CRISPR ring nuclease variant AcrIII-1. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the dynamic interplay between these enzymes, governing cyclic nucleotide levels and infection outcomes in virus-host conflict.
Srsf10 and the minor spliceosome control tissue-specific and dynamic SR protein expression
Authors: Meinke Stefan , Goldammer Gesine , Weber A Ioana , Tarabykin Victor , Neumann Alexander , Preussner Marco , Heyd Florian
Published: April 2020

Minor and major spliceosomes control splicing of distinct intron types and are thought to act largely independent of one another. SR proteins are essential splicing regulators mostly connected to the major spliceosome. Here, we show that Srsf10 expression is controlled through an autoregulated minor intron, tightly correlating Srsf10 with minor spliceosome abundance across different tissues and differentiation stages in mammals. Surprisingly, all other SR proteins also correlate with the minor spliceosome and Srsf10, and abolishing Srsf10 autoregulation by Crispr/Cas9-mediated deletion of the autoregulatory exon induces expression of all SR proteins in a human cell line. Our data thus reveal extensive crosstalk and a global impact of the minor spliceosome on major intron splicing.
The Warburg Effect and lactate signaling augment Fgf-MAPK to promote sensory-neural development in the otic vesicle
Authors: Kantarci Husniye , Gou Yunzi , Riley Bruce B
Published: April 2020

Recent studies indicate that many developing tissues modify glycolysis to favor lactate synthesis (Agathocleous et al., 2012; Bulusu et al., 2017; Gu et al., 2016; Oginuma et al., 2017; Sá et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2014; Zheng et al., 2016), but how this promotes development is unclear. Using forward and reverse genetics in zebrafish, we show that disrupting the glycolytic gene phosphoglycerate kinase-1 (pgk1) impairs Fgf-dependent development of hair cells and neurons in the otic vesicle and other neurons in the CNS/PNS. Fgf-MAPK signaling underperforms in pgk1- / - mutants even when Fgf is transiently overexpressed. Wild-type embryos treated with drugs that block synthesis or secretion of lactate mimic the pgk1- / - phenotype, whereas pgk1- / - mutants are rescued by treatment with exogenous lactate. Lactate treatment of wild-type embryos elevates expression of Etv5b/Erm even when Fgf signaling is blocked. However, lactate’s ability to stimulate neurogenesis is reversed by blocking MAPK. Thus, lactate raises basal levels of MAPK and Etv5b (a critical effector of the Fgf pathway), rendering cells more responsive to dynamic changes in Fgf signaling required by many developing tissues.
A tudor domain protein, SIMR-1, promotes siRNA production at piRNA-targeted mRNAs in C. elegans
Authors: Manage Kevin I , Rogers Alicia K , Wallis Dylan C , Uebel Celja J , Anderson Dorian C , Nguyen Dieu An H , Arca Katerina , Brown Kristen C , Cordeiro Rodrigues Ricardo J , de Albuquerque Bruno FM , Ketting René F , Montgomery Taiowa A , Phillips Carolyn Marie
Published: April 2020

piRNAs play a critical role in the regulation of transposons and other germline genes. In Caenorhabditis elegans, regulation of piRNA target genes is mediated by the mutator complex, which synthesizes high levels of siRNAs through the activity of an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. However, the steps between mRNA recognition by the piRNA pathway and siRNA amplification by the mutator complex are unknown. Here, we identify the Tudor domain protein, SIMR-1, as acting downstream of piRNA production and upstream of mutator complex-dependent siRNA biogenesis. Interestingly, SIMR-1 also localizes to distinct subcellular foci adjacent to P granules and Mutator foci, two phase-separated condensates that are the sites of piRNA-dependent mRNA recognition and mutator complex-dependent siRNA amplification, respectively. Thus, our data suggests a role for multiple perinuclear condensates in organizing the piRNA pathway and promoting mRNA regulation by the mutator complex.
Effect of Abdominal Lymphatic Pump Treatment on Disease Activity in a Rat Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Schander Artur , Castillo Rudy , Paredes Dante , Hodge Lisa M.
Published: April 2020

Context

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease, are chronic relapsing inflammatory diseases that affect 1.5 million people in the United States. Lymphatic pump treatment (LPT) techniques were designed to enhance the movement of lymph and can be used to relieve symptoms in patients with IBD and other gastrointestinal disorders.

Objective

To determine whether LPT would decrease gastrointestinal inflammation and reduce disease severity in rats with acute IBD.

Methods

On day 0, rats were randomized into control or experimental groups. Control rats received normal drinking water for days 0 to 9. On days 0 to 9, rats in the experimental groups received drinking water containing 3.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). On day 3, experimental rats were randomized into 3 groups. On days 3 to 8, experimental rats received either (1) no treatment or anesthesia (DSS alone); (2) 4 minutes of LPT with anesthesia administration (DSS+LPT); or (3) 4 minutes of sham treatment (ie, light touch) and anesthesia (DSS+sham). On day 9, colons and gastrointestinal lymphoid tissue were collected. Colon weight, histologic changes, disease activity index (DAI) score, and the concentration of leukocytes were measured.

Results

At day 9, the mean (SD) DAI score in the DSS+LPT group (1.0 [0.1]) was significantly decreased (P<.01) compared with the DAI score of DSS-alone rats (1.5 [0.1]). While the DAI in DSS+LPT rats was reduced on days 8 to 9, this difference was not statistically different (P>.05) compared with DSS+sham (1.3 [0.1]). No significant differences were found in colon weight, histopathologic findings, or the concentration of gastrointestinal leukocytes between DSS alone, DSS+sham, or DSS+LPT (P>.05).

Conclusion

While DSS+LPT reduced IBD compared with DSS+sham, the decrease was not statistically significant. Considering the growing use of adjunctive treatment for the management of IBD, it is important to identify the effect of osteopathic manipulative medicine on IBD progression.
Rhinitis: The Osteopathic Modular Approach
Authors: Wu Shan Shan , Graven Kelsey , Sergi Michelle , Hostoffer Robert
Published: April 2020

Historically, osteopathic principles have focused on the appropriate drainage of cranial structures to relieve symptoms of rhinitis, which include nasal congestion, anterior/posterior rhinorrhea, sneezing, and itching. Allergic rhinitis is primarily an aberrant immunologic reaction caused by cytokines secreted from lymphocytes that traverse the lymphatic pathway throughout the body. Several studies have documented that, when manipulated, the lymphatic system enhanced the motion of these lymphocytes to important immune structures in both human and animal models. Additionally, modulation of both sympathetic and parasympathetic outflow has been found either to inhibit or enhance secretion and/or drainage of important allergic sites. Osteopathic approaches to rhinitis play an effective role in the comprehensive management of rhinitis, and techniques based on these approaches are therapeutic options for rhinitis. This article provides an up-to-date literature review about the management of rhinitis using the 5 models of osteopathic medicine: biomechanical, respiratory-circulatory, metabolic, neurologic, and behavioral.
A new species ofCenopalpusPritchard & Baker (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Japan, with ontogeny of chaetotaxy and a key to the world species
Authors: Negm Mohamed W. , Ueckermann Edward A. , Gotoh Tetsuo
Published: April 2020

A new species of flat mite,Cenopalpus umbellatussp. nov. (Acari: Trombidiformes: Tenuipalpidae) is described and illustrated based on females, males, deutonymphs, protonymphs and larvae. The morphological ontogeny in idiosomal and leg chaetotaxy is briefly described for all stages. Mite specimens were collected from the leaves ofRhaphiolepis indicavar.umbellataMakino (Rosaceae), an evergreen shrub native to Japan. An identification key to the world species ofCenopalpusis also provided.
Ботаник и путешественник, "Природа"
Authors: Урмина И.А.
Published: April 2020

Охарактеризована научная деятельность Владимира Леонтьевича Комарова - известного на весь мир ученого, ботаника систематика, фундаментальные исследования и труды которого отражают «комаровский» метод филогенетической систематики и по сей день служат основой для изучения флоры разных районов России, особенно Дальнего Востока.
Во главе Академии наук СССР, "Природа"
Authors: Богатов В.В. , Урмина И.А.
Published: April 2020

Статья отражает деятельность президента Академии наук СССР (1936-1945) Владимира Леонтьевича Комарова, который всей многолетней работой на ключевых постах в Академии наук показал себя выдающимся организатором науки, мудрым политиком и стратегом высшего класса. Особо подчеркнута самоотверженность Комарова - ученого и гражданина, принявшего на себя ответственность за отечественную науку в тяжелейшие для страны годы сталинских репрессий и Великой Отечественной войны.
ПАСЫНКИ ГАЛАКТИКИ, ИЛИ ЗВЕЗДНЫЕ ОБЪЕКТЫ ВНЕГАЛАКТИЧЕСКОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ ВНУТРИ МЛЕЧНОГО ПУТИ, "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: MARSAKOV Vladimir A.
Published: April 2020

С тех пор как примерно сто лет назад нашу Галактику признали изолированной звездной системой, существующей в безграничной Вселенной, никому даже в голову не приходило, что звезды и звездные скопления, находящиеся в пределах видимости от Солнца, могли образоваться где-нибудь за ее пределами. Другими словами, астрономы были уверены, что все галактические звездные объекты являются генетически связанными, то есть образовавшимися из единого протогалактического облака. Однако скорости и химический состав некоторых даже ближайших звезд и шаровых звездных скоплений никак не укладывались в такое представление. Посмотрим, как эволюционировали наши представления о формировании структуры Галактики.
Климатические факторы формирования стока реки Обь, "Наука Юга России"
Authors: Булавина А.С.
Published: April 2020

Изучена связь изменений годового и сезонного стока р. Обь в нижнем течении с основными климатическими характеристиками: температурой воздуха и осадками. Для изучения характеристик климата и их влияния на речной сток водосборный бассейн был рассмотрен по частям. Выделены 4 речных подбассейна системы Оби: Тобола, Ишима, Иртыша, Верхней и Средней Оби. Выполнен анализ значимости корреляций объемов речного стока в нижнем течении Оби с количеством осадков и температурой воздуха на территориях подбассейнов. Определены особенности влияния характеристик климата участков водосбора Оби на объем стока в нижнем течении реки. Водность года определяется в первую очередь водностью теплого полугодия. Сток реки в теплое полугодие формируется в основном за счет снега, накопленного на водосборе в зимний период, и жидких осадков теплой половины года. Определены зоны наибольшего влияния твердых осадков на сток Нижней Оби в теплое полугодие. Наиболее значимо количество твердых осадков, выпадающих в бассейнах Тобола и Верхней и Средней Оби. Значительная часть экстремально многоводных для Оби лет может быть объяснена совпадением максимумов твердых осадков в этих бассейнах. В холодное полугодие твердые осадки, выпавшие на водосбор, не участвуют в формировании стока. На территориях всех рассмотренных речных бассейнов отмечен рост количества зимних оттепелей, которые приводят к частичному таянию снега в холодное полугодие и повышению водности зим. В целом сток Оби в теплое полугодие имеет более тесную связь с характеристиками климата, чем сток холодного полугодия.
Active learning strategies, such as analogical models, aid in student learning of spinal anatomy and biomechanics
Authors: Rix Jacqueline
Published: April 2020

Objective

This study aimed to examine the effect of active learning strategies using analogical models versus didactic lectures on student learning of spinal anatomy and biomechanics.

Methods

Students enrolled into year 1 of a chiropractic program in 2014 and 2015 were eligible to participate. The 2014 cohort received didactic lectures. Active learning approaches using analogical models were incorporated into the 2015 cohort. Both groups received an identical written assessment at the end of the 3rd lecture. Between-group differences in age and written assessment percentages were analyzed using independent t tests.

Results

Fifty-nine students from the 2014 cohort and 62 students from the 2015 cohort took part. There were no significant differences in age or gender between the cohorts. The differences in the mean of the written assessment percentages between the didactic group and the analogical models group were significant (p = .00), with a mean difference of 22.6% (95% CI, 17.4–27.9). The didactic group mean percentage was 37.9% (SD 15.8) and was within a fail percentage bracket. The analogical models group mean percentage was 60.6% (SD 13.1) and within a pass percentage bracket.

Conclusion

The analogical models group performed significantly better than the didactic lecture group, particularly with regard to content delivered using literal or surface analogies.
Uv Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Sofosbuvir in Pure Form and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms in Presence of Its Alkaline Degradate
Authors: Nasr Zeinab Adel , Said Noha S. , Abdel-Razeq Sawsan A.
Published: April 2020

Aims: Two spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for the determination of sofosbuvir in presence of its alkaline degradate.

Study Design: Ratio difference and ratio derivative methods were assisted for determination of sofosbuvir in presence of its alkaline degradate, laboratory-prepared mixtures and in tablet dosage forms.

Place and Duration of Study: Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al - Azhar University, between December 2019 and January 2020.

Methodology: Two analytical methods were achieved and validated for the quantitative determination of Sofosbuvir in presence of its alkaline degradate. The first method was ratio difference (RD) method, where the UV absorption spectra of different concentrations of sofosbuvir were divided by the spectrum of a certain concentration (15 µg mL-1) as a devisor of its alkaline degradate to get the ratio difference spectra. Afterwards, the peak amplitudes difference between 253.7 and 243.5 nm were measured. The second method was the ratio derivative (1DR) method, where the first derivative of the ratio spectra (1DR) was obtained and its amplitude was measured at 247 and 268 nm. Good linearity was obtained over the concentration range of 3-15 µg mL-1 for the proposed methods. The proposed procedures were adopted for the selective determination of intact Sofosbuvir in presence of up to 80% of its degradation product. Sofosbuvir was exposed to different conditions as alkaline, acidic and oxidative degradation.

Results: The proposed methods were developed and validated with good linearity range of 3-15 µg mL-1 for both methods, and also with good accuracy and precision. And the obtained results were statistically compared to those obtained by the reported method.

Conclusion: Sofosbuvir was successfully determined by the proposed ratio difference and ratio derivative methods in bulk powder, laboratory prepared mixtures and tablet dosage form with good accuracy and precision. The methods were validated according to ICH guidelines. The results obtained were compared with those of the reported method and were found to be in good agreement.
Microbial Diversity: Values and Roles in Ecosystems
Authors: O. I. Onen, , A. A. Aboh, , A. N. Mfam, , M. O. Akor, , C. N. Nweke, , A. N. Osuagwu,
Published: April 2020

Microorganisms are described as multicultural microscopic organisms, which are cosmopolitan in nature, (i.e. they are widely distributed in air, water, soil, sea, mountains, hot springs and also in bodies of living plants and animals including the human), possessing a diverse array of metabolism. Microbial diversity includes a large collection of organisms. It includes a range of variability in all kinds of microorganisms like fungi, bacteria and viruses in the natural world. Microorganisms serves as the mainstay of life on Earth. Microorganisms represent the richest treasury or part in chemistry and molecular diversity in nature, establishing the basis for ecological processes such as biogeochemical cycles and food chains, also maintaining essential relationships among themselves and with higher organisms. Microbial diversity exploration has been encouraged by the fact that microbes are vital for life since they perform numerous functions essential for the biosphere. Maintaining multiple ecosystems functions and services, inclusively: nutrient cycling, litter decomposition primary production and climate regulation are among the key roles performed by microbial communities. Microbes not only reshaped the oceans and atmosphere but also gave rise to conditions conducive to multicellular organisms. The diversity of microorganisms is important in the maintenance and conservation of global genetic resources.
Regulatory Issues of Digital Currencies
Authors: Zhu Chen , Fu Zixuan
Published: April 2020

With the rapid development of the Internet and electronic payment, digital currencies with blockchain as the underlying technology have gradually entered people's horizons and have also received the attention of governments around the world. Due to the convenience and decentralization of digital currency transactions that are not limited by time and region, it has a significant impact on traditional commercial systems around the world, and its core block chain technology may trigger changes in many areas. At present, different countries have different views on the legal status of bitcoin digital currencies, but digital currencies circulate across borders and regions. Once problems arise, it is difficult to have a unified regulatory measure to deal with them.
Mathematical Modelling as a Tool to Optimize PHA Production by Massilia spp
Authors: Naik Priyanka , Ranade Vaijayanti
Published: April 2020

Minimum Run Resolution IV screening design was employed to study important process factors to maximize Dry cell weight (DCW) and Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production by Massilia spp. From screening design, it was observed that maltose, NH4HPO4, Na2HPO4 and K2HPO4 were found to be significantly affecting DCW and PHA production. A three-level-four-factor central composite design (CCD) was employed in combination with response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the concentration of screened factors. The statistical analysis of results showed that maltose and NH4HPO4 had a positive effect whereas Na2HPO4, K2HPO4 had a negative effect on DCW and PHA production. By using RSM, optimum concentration of significant factors was found to be as follows: maltose: 30.0 g/l, NH4HPO4: 3.0 g/l, Na2HPO4: 3.0 g/l, K2HPO4: 3.0 g/l. Verification of the predicted value resulted into a yield of 25.5 g/l of DCW and 6 g/l of PHA.
Antibacterial and Biofilm Inhibition Activities of Nicotiana tabacum Extracts against Streptococcus mutans Isolated from the Oral Cavity
Authors: Nwanekwu K. E. N.
Published: April 2020

Aim: To determine the antibacterial activity and biofilm inhibitory activity of Nicotiana tabacum leaf extract against Streptococcus mutans isolated from oral cavity.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria, between April and November 2019.

Methodology: The study was carried out using the agar diffusion method for antibacterial activity and microtiter assay method for the biofilm inhibition effect.

Results: All four extracts of hot water, ethanol, acetone and methanol tested against S. mutans had no antibacterial activity as no zone of inhibition was recorded. Likewise, all the extracts did not inhibit the formation of biofilm by the organism on glass. This is seen in the increase of the optical density (OD) values from 0.572 to 0.804 for water, 0.260 to 1.420 for ethanol, 0.216 to 0.626 for acetone and 0.236 to 0.725 for methanol extracts respectively.

Conclusion: This study therefore indicates that N. tabacum does not have antibacterial and biofilm inhibitory against S. mutans. This also explains why a lot of tobacco users still suffer from dental caries and other oral infections caused by S. mutans.