bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 inhibits the maturation of dendritic cells involving the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway in the glioma microenvironment
Authors: He M , Chen X , Luo M , Ouyang L , Xie L , Huang Z , Liu A
Published: June 2020

Recurrence and diffuse infiltration challenge traditional therapeutic strategies for malignant glioma. Immunotherapy appears to be a promising approach to obtain long-term survival. Dendritic cells (DCs), the most specialized and potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs), play an important part in initiating and amplifying both the innate and adaptive immune responses against cancer cells. However, cancer cells can escape from immune surveillance by inhibiting maturation of DCs. Until the present, molecular mechanisms of maturation inhibition of DCs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) have not been fully revealed. Our study showed that pretreatment with tumor-conditioned medium (TCM) collected from supernatant of primary glioma cells significantly suppressed the maturation of DCs. TCM pretreatment significantly changed the morphology of DCs, TCM decreased the expression levels of CD80, CD83, CD86 and interleukin (IL)-12p70, while it increased the expression levels of IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and IL-6. RNA-Seq showed that TCM pretreatment significantly increased the gene expression level of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) in DCs. suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) knock-down significantly antagonized the maturation inhibition of DCs by TCM, which was demonstrated by the restoration of maturation markers. TCM pretreatment also significantly suppressed T cell viability and T helper type 1 (Th1) response, and SOCS1 knock-down significantly antagonized this suppressive effect. Further, TCM pretreatment significantly suppressed p65 nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity in DCs, and SOCS1 knock-down significantly attenuated this suppressive effect. In conclusion, our research demonstrates that TCM up-regulate SOCS1 to suppress the maturation of DCs via the nuclear factor-kappa signaling pathway.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Endocrine gland‐VEGF (EG‐VEGF) are down regulated in head and neck cancer
Authors: Bouzoubaa Si Mohamed , Benlahfid Mohammed , Sidqui Mustapha , Aboussaouira Touria , Rifki Chouaib , Brouillet Sophie , Traboulsi Wael , Alfaidy Nadia , Benharouga Mohamed
Published: June 2020

Objective

To characterise the role of VEGF, EG‐VEGF and its receptors in the development and progression of HNC.

Design

Human serum and tissues samples were collected from healthy, epulis and HNC patients and used for ELISA assays and immunohistochemistry studies, respectively.

Setting

Ibn Rochd Hospital of Casablanca (Morocco), INSERM and University of Grenoble Alpes (France).

Participants

We used serum from 64 patients with head and neck cancers and from 71 controls without general pathology. Tissues samples were collected from seven patients with OSCC and from seven patients with Epulis.

Main outcome measures

We compared circulating VEGF and EG‐VEGF in normal and HNC patients and determined the expression, localisation and quantification of VEGF, EG‐VEGF and its receptors; PROKR1 and PROKR2 as well as Ki67, CD31 and CD34 in OSCC and Epulis patients.

Results

Both EG‐VEGF and VEGF circulating levels were significantly decreased in the HNC (P < .01). OSCC patients expressed less EG‐VEGF and VEGF proteins, higher PROKR1 and PROKR2 with no change in CD31 and CD34 levels. A significant increase in Ki67 was observed in OSCC.

Conclusions

We demonstrated that circulating VEGF and EG‐VEGF are downregulated in HNC patients and in OSCC tissue. EG‐VEGF receptors were increased in OSCC, along with a stabilisation of two key markers of angiogenesis. These findings strongly suggest that downregulation of angiogenesis in HNC might explain its moderate metastatic feature.
Does graft hemodynamics affect the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation?
Authors: Matsushima Hajime , Acevedo‐Moreno Lou‐Anne , Sasaki Kazunari , Fujiki Masato , Kwon Choon Hyuck David , Uso Teresa Diago , D’Amico Giuseppe , Aucejo Federico , Eghtesad Bijan , Miller Charles , Quintini Cristiano , Hashimoto Koji
Published: June 2020

Although experimental studies have reported that hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion injury promotes tumor growth and metastases, the impact of graft hemodynamics on the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver transplantation (LT) is unclear. To investigate the association between graft hemodynamics and HCC recurrence after LT, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 279 patients who underwent LT for HCC. Graft hemodynamics including portal vein flow (PVF), hepatic artery flow (HAF), and total hepatic flow (THF) was analyzed as a predictor of HCC recurrence, using competing risk regression analyses. The cutoff values of PVF, HAF, and THF were set at the lower quartile of distribution. A cumulative recurrence curve demonstrated that low THF (<1511 mL/min, P = .005) was significantly associated with increased recurrence, whereas neither low PVF (<1230 mL/min, P = .150) nor low HAF (<164 mL/min, P = .110) was significant. On multivariate analysis, outside Milan criteria (sub‐hazard ratio [SHR] = 3.742; P < .001), microvascular invasion (SHR = 3.698; P < .001), and low THF (SHR = 2.359; P = .010) were independently associated with increased HCC recurrence. In conclusion, our findings suggest that graft hemodynamics may play an important role in HCC recurrence after LT.
Strong behavioural defensive responses of endemic Rana latastei tadpoles induced by a native predator's odour
Authors: Scribano Giovanni , Balestrieri Alessandro , Gazzola Andrea , Pellitteri‐Rosa Daniele
Published: June 2020

Prey species must constantly acquire information on predator identity, abundance and dangerousness from the environment. In aquatic habitats, this information is mainly propagated by water‐borne chemical signals, either predator‐specific odours or prey alarm cues. Anuran larvae innately respond to conspecific alarm cues and are able to associate them to predator cues during their lifetime. In this study, we investigated the anti‐predatory responses of endemic Italian agile frog (Rana latastei) tadpoles exposed to either conspecific or heterospecific alarm cues and a native predator's (Anax imperator larvae) odour. Pre‐and post‐stimulus behaviours of each tadpole were recorded by a digital camera and analysed by a source executable software for image‐based tracking. We found that Italian agile frog tadpoles responded to fasted dragonfly odour by strongly reducing their activity, both in terms of the amount of time they spent active and path length covered in comparison to control groups. Contrary to previous studies, predators' diet had a negligible effect on tadpole response and our experiment did not bring any evidence of the phylogenetic‐relatedness hypothesis. The innate or early‐in‐development recognition of dragonfly larvae is clearly adaptive and may increase tadpole survival with relatively low costs, but, at the same time, may increase the risk of ignoring novel potential threats.
Tropical plants do not have narrower temperature tolerances, but are more at risk from warming because they are close to their upper thermal limits
Authors: Sentinella Alexander T. , Warton David I. , Sherwin William B. , Offord Catherine A. , Moles Angela T.
Published: June 2020

Aim

Tropical species are thought to be more susceptible to climate warming than are higher latitude species. This prediction is largely based on the assumption that tropical species can tolerate a narrower range of temperatures. While this prediction holds for some animal taxa, we do not yet know the latitudinal trends in temperature tolerance for plants. We aim to address this knowledge gap and establish if there is a global trend in plant warming risk.

Location

Global.

Time period

Present–2070.

Major taxa studied

Plants.

Methods

We used 9,737 records for 1,312 species from the Kew Gardens’ global germination database to quantify global patterns in germination temperature.

Results

We found no evidence for a latitudinal gradient in the breadth of temperatures at which plant species can germinate. However, tropical plants are predicted to face the greatest risk from climate warming, because they experience temperatures closer to their upper germination limits. By 2070, over half (79/142) of tropical plant species are predicted to experience temperatures exceeding their optimum germination temperatures, with some even exceeding their maximum germination temperature (41/190). Conversely, 95% of species at latitudes above 45° are predicted to benefit from warming, with environmental temperatures shifting closer to the species’ optimal germination temperatures.

Main conclusions

The prediction that tropical plant species would be most at risk under future climate warming was supported by our data, but through a different mechanism to that generally assumed.
Portal hemodynamic effects of lenvatinib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Hidaka Hisashi , Uojima Haruki , Nakazawa Takahide , Shao Xue , Hara Yusuke , Iwasaki Shuichiro , Wada Naohisa , Kubota Kosuke , Tanaka Yoshiaki , Shibuya Akitaka , Kanoh Yuhsaku , Kokubu Shigehiro , Koizumi Wasaburo
Published: June 2020

Aim

Lenvatinib is an oral, multitargeted, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which suppress tumor angiogenesis and tumor progression. It was non‐inferior to sorafenib in overall survival in untreated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sorafenib had a beneficial effect on portocollateral circulation with portal hypertension in translating and clinical studies. However, the hemodynamic effects of lenvatinib appear to be different from those of sorafenib because the efficacy of lenvatinib for vascular endothelial growth factor receptors and fibroblast growth factor receptors is different from that of sorafenib. This study was prospectively performed to evaluate the portal hemodynamic effect of lenvatinib in patients with advanced HCC using duplex Doppler ultrasonography.

Methods

In total, 28 Child‐Pugh class A or B patients with advanced HCC received lenvatinib depending on body weight daily for 2 weeks. Primary outcomes were changes in the hemodynamics of the portal venous system using duplex Doppler ultrasonography before and after the 2‐week administration of lenvatinib.

Results

The portal venous flow velocity (cm/s) significantly reduced (27 ± 12.1 vs. 22.6 ± 8.0, P = 0.019), while portal venous area (cm2) did not change after the 2‐week administration (0.80 ± 0.36 vs. 0.82 ± 0.27, P = 0.665). Therefore, the congestion index (portal venous area/portal venous flow velocity), which reflects the pathophysiological hemodynamics of the portal venous system significantly worsened (0.037 ± 0.025 vs. 0.043 ± 0.024, P = 0.045).

Conclusions

Considering that this was a short‐term study, because lenvatinib could be an agent that aggravates portal hypertension, it will be necessary to verify its clinical effects for portal hypertension in future studies.
Cross‐border commuters: How to segment Them? A Framework of Analysis
Authors: Comerio Niccolò , Minelli Eliana , Sottrici Federica , Torchia Enrico
Published: June 2020

The removal of barriers to labour mobility and the enhancement of cross‐border mobility are expected to reduce regional disparities by contributing to a more efficient allocation of labour. For some time now, however, researchers have considered borders and cross‐border regions to be marginal zones. Therefore, we contribute to the discussion by providing a qualitative framework for the segmentation of the cross‐border job market, capable of addressing some questions relevant to the management of cross‐border commuting regarding the nature of imbalances that characterize the cross‐border job market and the main factors underpinning the phenomenon. To do so, we focused specifically on the Euroregion “Regio Insubrica”, a cross‐boundary cooperation community between Italy and Switzerland. Nevertheless, the proposed framework may be easily applied to all the existing cross‐border regions across the world in order to help explain the imbalances that exist, and support decision‐makers regarding educational and labour market policies.
Ultrastructure and properties of primary carious molars treated using the Hall Technique
Authors: Loch Carolina , Jansen van Vuuren Ludwig , Duncan Warwick J. , Boyd Dorothy H. , Foster Page Lyndie A.
Published: June 2020

Background

The Hall Technique (HT) is a method of restoring decayed primary teeth using stainless steel crowns (SSCs) without tooth preparation, caries removal, or local anaesthetic.

Aim

To investigate the ultrastructural, biomechanical, and chemical characteristics of teeth managed with the Hall Technique in comparison with conventional SSC (controls).

Design

Twelve HT‐treated primary molars and four controls were analysed. Teeth were dehydrated in ethanol, embedded in methylmethacrylate, mesio‐distally sectioned, X‐rayed, mounted, and polished. Biomechanical, ultrastructural, and chemical characterisation was performed for carious lesion and sound areas of each specimen.

Results

Pre‐treatment and post‐treatment X‐rays showed evidence of little to no caries progression over time. In carious lesions, mean hardness and elastic modulus values were lower in HT‐treated teeth than in controls. In both controls and HT‐treated teeth, carious lesions had the lowest %wt of Ca and P of all tissues sampled.

Conclusions

Although the retained carious tissue was biomechanically more compromised in HT‐treated teeth, the Ca and P values were higher than reported elsewhere for carious lesions in primary molars, suggesting remineralisation may have occurred in caries in HT‐treated teeth. Future investigations will help elucidate the processes involved with carious lesion arrest under SSC.
Thermosensitive heparin‐poloxamer hydrogel encapsulated bFGF and NGF to treat spinal cord injury
Authors: Hu Xiaoli , Li Rui , Wu Yanqing , Li Yi , Zhong Xingfeng , Zhang Guanyinsheng , Kang Yanmin , Liu Shuhua , Xie Ling , Ye Junming , Xiao Jian
Published: June 2020

The application of growth factors (GFs) for treating chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) has been shown to promote axonal regeneration and functional recovery. However, direct administration of GFs is limited by their rapid degradation and dilution at the injured sites. Moreover, SCI recovery is a multifactorial process that requires multiple GFs to participate in tissue regeneration. Based on these facts, controlled delivery of multiple growth factors (GFs) to lesion areas is becoming an attractive strategy for repairing SCI. Presently, we developed a GFs‐based delivery system (called GFs‐HP) that consisted of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and heparin‐poloxamer (HP) hydrogel through self‐assembly mode. This GFs‐HP was a kind of thermosensitive hydrogel that was suitable for orthotopic administration in vivo. Meanwhile, a 3D porous structure of this hydrogel is commonly used to load large amounts of GFs. After single injection of GFs‐HP into the lesioned spinal cord, the sustained release of NGF and bFGF from HP could significantly improve neuronal survival, axon regeneration, reactive astrogliosis suppression and locomotor recovery, when compared with the treatment of free GFs or HP. Moreover, we also revealed that these neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects of GFs‐HP were likely through activating the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase and protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signalling pathways. Overall, our work will provide an effective therapeutic strategy for SCI repair.
Influence of light intensity and photoperiod on embryonic development, survival and growth of threatened catfish Ompok bimaculatus early larvae
Authors: Arambam Kalpana , Singh Soibam Khogen , Biswas Pradyut , Patel Arun Bhai , Jena Alok Kumar , Pandey Pramod Kumar
Published: June 2020

Larval growth and survival of catfishes are largely influenced by the various biotic and abiotic factors. The present study investigated the effect of different light intensities and photoperiods on growth and survival of Ompok bimaculatus larvae. Three separate trials of 21 days each were carried out in an aquarium tank. The first trial investigated the embryonic changes (based on hatching rate and time) upon exposure to varied light intensity (0, 300, 500, 900 and 1200 lx) and photoperiodic regime (24l:0d, 16l:8d, 12l:12d, 8l:16d and 0l:24d). Subsequently, hatched‐out larvae were subjected to the aforementioned intensities (Trial II) and photoperiod (Trial III, intensity of 300 lx) for growth and survival attributes. Eight hundred healthy larvae (average body weight = 0.003 g) were randomly distributed into five treatment groups for the last two trials. Results suggest a higher embryo hatching rate and larval survival at 0 and 300 lx, whereas the largest larval growth was observed at 900 lx. In Trial III, survival was highest in 0l:24d and growth in 24l:0d and 16l:8d was higher (P < 0.05). Performance index was higher (P < 0.05) in both 0 and 300 lx light and decreased at higher intensities. The overall interpretation from the present study concludes that a completely dark rearing environment is recommended for better survival of O. bimaculatus although growth was compromised.
Reduced dopaminergic tone during lactation is permissive to the hypothalamic stimulus for suckling‐induced prolactin release
Authors: Silva Kaoma S. C. , Aquino Nayara S. S. , Gusmao Daniela O. , Henriques Patricia C. , Reis Adelina M. , Szawka Raphael E.
Published: June 2020

Dopamine from tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurones tonically inhibits prolactin (PRL) secretion. Lactational hyperprolactinaemia is associated with a reduced activity of TIDA neurones. However, it remains controversial whether the suckling‐induced PRL surge is driven by an additional decrease in dopamine release or by stimulation from a PRL‐releasing factor. In the present study, we further investigated the role of dopamine in the PRL response to suckling. Non‐lactating (N‐Lac), lactating 4 hour apart from pups (Lac), Lac with pups return and suckling (Lac+S), and post‐lactating (P‐Lac) rats were evaluated. PRL levels were elevated in Lac rats and increased linearly within 30 minutes of suckling in Lac+S rats. During the rise in PRL levels, dopamine and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels in the median eminence (ME) and neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary did not differ between Lac+S and Lac rats. However, dopamine and DOPAC were equally decreased in Lac and Lac+S compared to N‐Lac and P‐Lac rats. Suckling, in turn, reduced phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase in the ME of Lac+S. Domperidone and bromocriptine were used to block and activate pituitary dopamine D2 receptors, respectively. Domperidone increased PRL secretion in both N‐Lac and Lac rats, and suckling elicited a robust surge of PRL over the high basal levels in domperidone‐treated Lac+S rats. Conversely, bromocriptine blocked the PRL response to suckling. The findings obtained in the present study provide evidence that dopamine synthesis and release are tonically reduced during lactation, whereas dopamine is still functional with respect to inhibiting PRL secretion. However, there appears to be no further reduction in dopamine release associated with the suckling‐induced rise in PRL. Instead, the lower dopaminergic tone during lactation appears to be required to sensitise the pituitary to a suckling‐induced PRL‐releasing factor.
Recipients' happiness in prosocial spending: The role of social ties
Authors: Zhang Wuke , Pan Jing , Liu Jiaoyang , Zhang Yuchen , Chen Mingliang
Published: June 2020

In the past decade, a growing body of studies has explored spenders' happiness in prosocial spending (i.e., spending money on others). However, the happiness of recipients has been frequently ignored. Considering that most prosocial spending behaviors can be seen as a particular form of social interactions and emotional outcomes of social interactions depend on whom people interact with, the current study attempts to explore the influence of the social ties between spenders and recipients (strong vs. weak social ties) on recipients' happiness. More specifically, the present study also attempts to explain this influence from the aspect of basic psychological needs (i.e., relatedness, competence, and autonomy) satisfaction. Results of two studies reveal that gifts from strong social ties lead to recipients' greater happiness than those from weak social ties. Notably, relatedness satisfaction and competence satisfaction, but not autonomy satisfaction, explain this happiness effect of social ties.
Is SEMG recorded “hyperactivity” during mandibular rest a sign of dysfunctional jaw muscle activity and temporomandibular disorders (TMD)?
Authors: Hu Jianlai , Dong Yan , Widmalm Sven E. , Buvarp Anders , Zhang Tongsheng , Li Boxiu , Lin Min , Zhou Dong
Published: June 2020

Background

Some authors state that above‐normal surface electromyography (SEMG) levels during mandibular rest (MR) are a general sign of temporomandibular disorders (TMD).

Objective

The aim was to compare SEMG levels in the masseter and anterior temporalis areas during MR between patients with disc displacement (DD) and subjects identified as healthy. The hypothesis was that average SEMG levels would be higher in the patients during MR before and after repeated clenches with maximal effort.

Methods

Thirty‐six healthy subjects, and 42 patients with DD, were included. SEMG levels were recorded bilaterally in the temporalis and masseter areas during MR before clenching and after repeated clenches with maximal effort. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to compare the means of the log‐transformed SEMG‐values for the subject groups.

Results

The mean MR levels in the four areas before clenching ranged from −0.19 log (µV) to 1.20 log(µV) in healthy subjects and from −0.22 log(µV) to 0.96 log(µV) in patients. The mean MR levels in the four areas after repeated clenches ranged from −0.19 log (µV) to 1.04 log(µV) in healthy subjects and from −0.27 log(µV) to 0.93 log(µV) in patients. The MANOVA test showed no significant differences in the means for MR for the four areas between the groups at the 5% significance level.

Conclusion

The hypothesis that jaw muscle SEMG levels during MR are on average generally higher in TMD patients is not supported. A possible explanation for the previous findings is that activity in other muscles was mislabelled as jaw muscle activity.
A service evaluation of the diagnostic testing for mucous membrane pemphigoid in a UK oral medicine unit
Authors: Walton Richard , Robinson Max , Carrozzo Marco
Published: June 2020

Background

Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is an uncommon bullous disease typically involving the oral cavity. The most commonly used laboratory test for the diagnosis of MMP is direct immunofluorescence (DIF) on fresh perilesional tissue; however, the sensitivity of this test may be hampered by technical difficulties. Immune‐serological investigations can also be employed to render a diagnosis. The purpose of this paper was to present an evaluation of diagnostic testing for MMP within an Oral Medicine Unit in UK.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of the medical records was undertaken for patients who had undergone biopsy and DIF testing from January 2016 to December 2018. Parameters analysed included clinical presentation, histopathological features, DIF, salt‐split skin indirect immunofluorescence, ELISA anti‐BP180 and BP 230 and HLA‐DQB1*03:01 findings.

Results

Thirty patients (23 females and 7 males, mean age 66.8 years old) were diagnosed with MMP through a combination of histopathology and serological testing. Sixteen patients (53%) were DIF positive, whereas in 14 (47%), MMP diagnosis was achieved using immune‐serologic tests. HLA DQB1*03:01 status was undertaken in 15 DIF‐positive and 12 DIF‐negative patients, and HLA DQB1*03:01 was found in 73% and 58% of the cases, respectively.

Conclusions

This service evaluation has shown that when DIF is informative, it remains the gold standard technique for diagnosis of MMP. However, we have also highlighted the value of serological testing for increasing diagnostic yield for patients with suspected MMP and the potential for HLA DQB1*03:01 as an adjunctive test for the evaluation of MMP.
KDM2B‐associated paunch calf syndrome in Marchigiana cattle
Authors: Murgiano Leonardo , Militerno Gianfranco , Sbarra Fiorella , Drögemüller Cord , G. P. Jacinto Joana , Gentile Arcangelo , Bolcato Marilena
Published: June 2020

Background

Chianina, Romagnola, and Marchigiana are the 3 most important Italian breeds of cattle raised in the Apennine Mountains. Inherited disorders have been reported in the Chianina and Romagnola breeds but not in the Marchigiana breed. Recently, a case resembling recessively inherited KDM2B‐associated paunch calf syndrome (PCS) in Romagnola cattle was identified in Marchigiana cattle.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To characterize the features of the observed congenital anomaly, evaluate its possible genetic etiology, and determine the prevalence of the deleterious allele in the Marchigiana population.

Animals

A single stillborn Marchigiana calf was referred for clinicopathological examination because of the presence of PCS‐like morphological lesions.

Methods

The animal was necropsied and the calf and its parents were genotyped. A PCR‐based direct gene test was applied to determine the KDM2B genotype and 114 Marchigiana bulls were genotyped.

Results

The pathological phenotype included facial deformities, enlarged fluid‐filled abdomen, and hepatic fibrosis. The affected animal was the offspring of consanguineous mating and homozygous presence of the KDM2B missense variant was confirmed. Both parents were heterozygous for KDM2B and the prevalence of carriers in a selected population of Marchigiana bulls was <2%.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The characteristic malformations and genetic findings were consistent with the diagnosis of PCS and provide evidence that the deleterious KDM2B variant initially detected in Romagnola cattle also occurs in the Marchigiana breed.
Up‐regulating GmETO1 improves phosphorus uptake and use efficiency by promoting root growth in soybean
Authors: Zhang Hengyou , Yang Yuming , Sun Chongyuan , Liu Xiaoqian , Lv Lingling , Hu Zhenbin , Yu Deyue , Zhang Dan
Published: June 2020

Soybean is a high inorganic phosphate (Pi) demanding crop; its production is strongly suppressed when Pi is deficient in soil. However, the regulatory mechanism of Pi deficiency tolerance in soybean is still largely unclear. Here, our findings highlighted the pivotal role of the ethylene‐associated pathway in soybean tolerance to Pi deficiency by comparatively studying transcriptome changes between a representative Pi‐deficiency‐tolerant soybean genotype NN94156 and a sensitive genotype Bogao under different Pi supplies. By further integrating high‐confident linkage and association mapping, we identified that Ethylene‐Overproduction Protein 1 (GmETO1), an essential ethylene‐biosynthesis regulator, underlies the major quantitative trait locus (QTL) q14‐2 controlling Pi uptake. GmETO1 was also the representative member of ETO1 family members that was strongly induced by Pi deficiency. Overexpressing GmETO1 significantly enhanced Pi deficiency tolerance by increasing proliferation and elongation of hairy roots, Pi uptake and use efficiency, and conversely, silencing of GmETO1 led to opposite findings. We further demonstrated that Pi‐deficiency inducible genes critical for root morphological and physiological traits including GmACP1/2, Pht1;4, Expansin‐A7 and Root Primordium Defective 1 functioned downstream of GmETO1. Our study provides comprehensive insight into the complex regulatory mechanism of Pi deficiency tolerance in soybean and a potential way to genetically improve soybean low‐Pi tolerance.
Green revolution ‘stumbles’ in a dry environment: Dwarf wheat with Rht genes fails to produce higher grain yield than taller plants under drought
Authors: Jatayev Satyvaldy , Sukhikh Igor , Vavilova Valeriya , Smolenskaya Svetlana E. , Goncharov Nikolay P. , Kurishbayev Akhylbek , Zotova Lyudmila , Absattarova Aiman , Serikbay Dauren , Hu Yin‐Gang , Borisjuk Nikolai , Gupta Narendra K. , Jacobs Bertus , de Groot Stephan , Koekemoer Francois , Alharthi Badr , Lethola Katso , Cu Dan T. , Schramm Carly , Anderson Peter , Jenkins Colin L. D. , Soole Kathleen L. , Shavrukov Yuri , Langridge Peter
Published: June 2020

In dry conditions, tall and fast‐growing wheat plants with good tolerance to drought may offer higher grain yields than ‘Green revolution’ wheat.
Too much of a good thing: Examining the curvilinear relationship between team‐level proactive personality and team performance
Authors: Zhang Ruixue , Li Anran , Gong Yaping
Published: June 2020

Research has largely shown a positive linear relationship between proactive personality and job performance at the individual level. However, it remains unknown whether the same relationship holds at the team level. In this research, we propose and test a curvilinear relationship between team mean level of proactive personality and team performance. We also examine team potency and team cohesion as the explanatory mechanisms and the dispersion of proactive personality as a boundary condition for the relationship. We conducted two studies to test these ideas. In Study 1, we collected data from 93 teams in four companies from different industries. In Study 2, we collected data from 101 nursing teams in three hospitals. We found a curvilinear relationship between team mean level of proactive personality and team performance in Study 1 and replicated it in Study 2. We further demonstrated in Study 2 the moderating role of dispersion of proactive personality and the mediating role of team potency and team cohesion, respectively, in this curvilinear relationship. The positive trend of the curvilinear relationship is strengthened (weakened) when the dispersion of proactive personality is high (low). The negative trend is mitigated under high dispersion of proactive personality but is not significant under low dispersion of proactive personality. Practically, managers must be aware that team mean level of proactive personality benefits team performance only up to a certain point.
Norms in Counterfactual Selection
Authors: Fazelpour Sina
Published: June 2020

In the hopes of finding supporting evidence for various accounts of actual causation, many philosophers have recently turned to psychological findings about the influence of norms on counterfactual cognition. Surprisingly little philosophical attention has been paid, however, to the question of why considerations of normality should be relevant to counterfactual cognition to begin with. In this paper, I follow two aims. First, against the methodology of two prominent psychological accounts, I argue for a functional approach to understanding the selectivity of counterfactual cognition. Second, I take some steps towards a systematic analysis by providing a qualitative, decision‐theoretic account of one important function of counterfactual thinking, namely, inferring, in the face of undesirable outcomes, corrective policies that prevent the occurrence of similar outcomes in future circumstances. I make a case for employing this analysis by (a) showing its value for assessing the rationality of imagination‐driven counterfactual generation, (b) highlighting its use for making sense of practices in history and policy analysis where counterfactual selection plays a central role, and (c) demonstrating its diagnostic value for identifying areas where counterfactual generation may lead us into epistemic and ethical troubles.
Human immunoglobulin G responses to Cimex lectularius L. saliva
Authors: Sheele Johnathan M. , Ferrari Brian , Goddard Jerome , Schlatzer Danie , Lundberg Kathleen C. , Guinto Katirina , Embers Monica E. , Young Andrew B. , Ridge Gale E. , Damiani Giovanni , McCormick Thomas S.
Published: June 2020

Aims

To investigate the immunoglobulin (Ig) G response after being fed upon by Cimex lectularius L.

Methods and Results

Participants were fed upon by three male C lectularius insects weekly for a month. Blood was obtained before the feeding and at the last feeding, which was used for immunoblots against bed bug salivary gland extract, with antihuman Immunoglobulin G (IgG) secondary antibodies. No consistent IgG changes developed in 11 humans serially fed upon by C lectularius. Two participants had new IgG responses to proteins at molecular weights of approximately 12‐13 kDa, and one had an IgG response to a protein at approximately 40 kDa. At the last study visit, more intense IgG bands to proteins at molecular weights of 12‐13 kDa had developed in 55% of participants (6/11) and at molecular weights of ≈30, ≈40 and ≈70 kDa in 45% (5/11) compared with the first study visit. Nitrophorin and apyrase were the most common C lectularius proteins identified with liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry in both crushed bed bug salivary gland extract and post–bed bug feeding extract.

Conclusions

Human participants did not have consistent IgG responses to crushed C lectularius salivary gland extract.
Pyogenic liver abscess in liver transplant recipient: A warning signal for the risk of recurrence and retransplantation
Authors: Lafont Emmanuel , Roux Olivier , de Lastours Victoire , Dokmak Safi , Leflon Véronique , Fantin Bruno , Lefort Agnès
Published: June 2020

Background

Pyogenic liver abscesses in liver transplant recipients (PLA‐LTR) are a rare disease whose specificities compared with PLA in non‐transplanted patients (PLA‐C) are unknown.

Methods

A retrospective case‐control study was conducted in a French academic hospital from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2014.

Results

Among 176 patients diagnosed with PLA, 14 were LTR; each case was matched with 3 PLA‐C controls by date of PLA diagnosis and pathophysiological mechanism of PLA. Median time from liver transplantation to PLA diagnosis was 34.5 months. Among 14 PLA‐LTR, 8/14 (57.1%) had bacteremia and 10/14 (71.4%) had positive PLA cultures. Most commonly isolated bacteria were Enterobacteriaceae (9/14; 64.3%), Enterococcus spp. (4/14; 28.6%), and anaerobic bacteria (3/14; 21.4%). Clinical, radiological, and microbiological characteristics did not significantly differ between PLA‐LTR and PLA‐C but there was a tendency toward more diabetic patients and a less acute presentation. All but one PLA‐LTR were associated with ischemic cholangitis, whereas this was a rare cause among PLA‐C (13/14 vs 3/42, respectively, P < .001) among patients with PLA‐LTR. In contrast, hepatobiliary neoplasia was rare in PLA‐LTR but frequent in PLA‐C (1/14 vs 24/42, P = .001). No significant difference was found between PLA‐LTR and PLA‐C in terms of duration of antibiotic therapy (6.5 and 6 weeks, respectively), PLA drainage rates (10/14 and 26/42, respectively), or mortality at 12 months after PLA diagnosis (2/14 and 5/42, respectively). Recurrence rates within the first year were observed in 6/14 patients (42.9%), and retransplantation was needed in 5/14 (35.7%).

Conclusions

Occurrence of PLA in LTR is a severe event leading to high risk of recurrence and retransplantation.
Reticencias e inexactitudes en el contrato de seguro: breve comparación de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Suprema de Justicia y de la Superintendencia Financiera
Authors: Tejeiro Carrillo David Augusto
Published: June 2020

Con ocasión de la atribución de funciones jurisdiccionales a la Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia, se ha dado paso a la creación de una jurisdicción especializada en materias cuyo juez natural, dentro de la justicia ordinaria, no conocía, aparentemente, a profundidad, y, en esa medida, generaba desconfianza en los distintos sectores expuestos a sus decisiones.

Transcurridos más de cinco años desde la entrada en vigencia de la Ley 1480 de 2011, que, en su artículo 57, introdujo esta facultad en la Superintendencia, se procederá a establecer las distintas posiciones adoptadas por el juez ordinario (Corte Suprema de Justicia – Sala de Casación Civil) y el juez especializado, en lo relacionado al contrato de seguro, y más específicamente, en lo referente a las reticencias e inexactitudes que de éste se desprenden.
El incumplimiento de la ley 30562 por las EPS y las aseguradoras (Ley peruana)
Authors: Nuñez del Prado Simons Alonso
Published: June 2020

El presente artículo denuncia que la ley 30562 que está vigente desde mayo de 2017 no esté siendo aplicada porque se ha consultado el significado de dos términos que en realidad son bastante obvios para el sistema asegurador.
Riesgos y Seguros de Responsabilidad Civil durante la construcción y operación de grandes proyectos
Authors: Arias Mora Nancy
Published: June 2020

El ensayo se presenta como el resultado de un análisis crítico de algunos casos representativos del manejo de la Responsabilidad Civil en los Tribunales de Justicia de Costa Rica.  Para ello se ha incorporado el análisis de casos tramitados en otros países, en los cuales se resuelven situaciones similares, pero con resultados distintos.  La propuesta es que las acciones de otros países sirvan como referencia, como lecciones aprendidas.  El aporte de este análisis es referencial e intenta hacer un incentivo para el aprendizaje y asesoría en materia de seguros y administración de riesgos, para lograr una buena gestión de los mismos, en particular y especialmente, lo que se refiere a los posibles daños a terceros causados en la construcción o por Responsabilidad Civil.
Riesgos y seguros de caución para grandes proyectos
Authors: Von Lücken González Eberhard S.
Published: June 2020

Cabe señalar que las normas imperativas emergen en tal sentido que, ellas tutelan a la parte más débil de la relación jurídica, en este caso el asegurado. En la legislación chilena las normas imperativas no perjudican ante el surgimiento de coberturas de seguros de caución en grandes proyectos. En Paraguay la imperatividad de las normas no se desplaza ante la figura de grandes proyectos por sí. Sin embargo hemos hecho notar que los jueces sin analizar la figura del imperativismo, incluso en pequeños o medianos proyectos, hacen valer los acuerdos de las partes en virtud a un principio sustentado por el Art. 715 del Código Civil que da el carácter de ley a los acuerdos entre las partes, sin embargo no observan en sus fallos que el Art. 669 del mismo cuerpo legal obliga a la observancia de las normas imperativas, norma concordante con el Art. 1692 que resguarda las normas imperativas en materia de seguros, las que solo podrán ser dejadas sin efecto o modificadas, en los casos en que este Código expresamente lo autorice.  Ahora bien, para los casos de los Tratados Internacionales de Itaipú celebrados entre Paraguay y Brasil y el de Yacyretá celebrado entre Paraguay y Argentina, se manejan dentro de una figura sui generis que le otorga el estatuto jurídico de Organismo de Derecho Internacional Público, las que se manejan dentro del esquema de prelación por sobre otras normas.
Argentina en tiempos de cuarentena. Accidentes de tránsito. Cobertura póliza de seguros. Pagos de prima. Relaciones de consumo
Authors: Girolimetto Fabián Antonio , Delgadillo Leticia Pelle
Published: June 2020

El régimen de cuarentena por pandemia del coronavirus impuesto por el gobierno Argentino, generó vía redes sociales y declaraciones públicas, una serie de interrogantes para el común de los argentinos, sobre la posibilidad de exclusión de cobertura por parte de la aseguradora en caso de un siniestro, así como también referido al plazo y al monto de prima a pagar por los asegurados en esta época de excepción que se está viviendo.

La crisis sanitaria que atraviesa el mundo debido a la propagación del Covid 19, plantea grandes desafíos, ello sin dudas a la ciudadanía toda. Asimismo y en consecuencia directa con la situación mundial atravesada, nos encontramos con situaciones jurídicas entre proveedores y consumidores que se ven por demás afectadas. Debiendo analizar cada caso y circunstancias concretas, contemplando los principios de buena fe, solidaridad y esfuerzo compartido.
CONSEJO DE ESTADO SALA DE LO CONTENCIOSO ADMINISTRATIVO SECCIÓN TERCERA – SUB SECCIÓN A CONSEJERO PONENTE: CARLOS ALBERTO ZAMBRANO BARRERA Junio 14 de 2019 Radicación:	11001 03 26 000 2009 00047 00 (36860)
Authors: Isaza Posse María Cristina
Published: June 2020

Para la elaboración de esta reseña y con el fin de ceñirnos de la manera más rigurosa a la decisión adoptada por el Consejo de Estado, la sentencia está tomada de manera textual en casi su totalidad.
Evaporation of a Saltwater Film in a Vertical Channel and Comparison With the Case of the Freshwater
Authors: Belhadj Mohamed A. , Tlili Iskander
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we analyze the evaporation of a seawater film by mixed convection of humid air. The flown plate is heated and the second plate is dry and can exchanges heat with the environment, be isothermal or adiabatic. Using adequate approximations, we build up a nonlinear form of the Navier–Stokes equations, which is specific for the boundary layer case. We take into account the variation of the salt concentration because of the phase change along the vertical channel. Consequently, to find a solution for combined heat and mass transfers through the channel, we use a numerical finite difference method. The effect of salinity on transfer is taken into account. We found that adding salt to freshwater economizes energy to enhance the film temperature, and the latent heat flux is lower. In addition, we show that the influence of film matter quantity is clearer for saltwater when compared with freshwater case. However, we demonstrate that the effect of the film temperature at the entry and supply heating variations reminds constantly if we compare saltwater and freshwater.
Modeling Dynamic Stability and Cutting Forces in Micro Milling of Ti6Al4V Using Intermittent Oblique Cutting Finite Element Method Simulation-Based Force Coefficients
Authors: Sahoo Priyabrata , Patra Karali , Singh Vishnu K. , Mittal Rinku K. , Singh Ramesh K.
Published: June 2020

Tool breakage is a significant issue in micro milling owing to the less stiffness of the micro tool. To cope up with such limitation, precise predictions of dynamic stability, and cutting force have the utmost importance to monitor and optimize the process. In this article, dynamic stability and cutting force are predicted precisely for micro milling of Ti6Al4V by obtaining force coefficients from a novel 3D intermittent oblique cutting finite element method (FEM) simulation considering the influence of tool run out. First, the stability model is modified by incorporating the appropriate values of limiting angles obtained analytically accounting the trajectories of the flutes due to tool run out. This stability model is utilized to select chatter-free parametric combinations for micro milling tests. Next, an improved cutting force model is developed by incorporating the force coefficients obtained from oblique cutting simulation in the mechanistic model and differentiating the whole machining region into three distinct region considering size effect. The force model also considers the effect of increased edge radius of the worn tool, run out, elastic recovery, ploughing, minimum undeformed chip thickness (MUCT), and limiting angles, cumulatively. The proposed dynamic stability and cutting force models based on the oblique cutting simulation show their adequacy by predicting the stability limit and cutting force more precisely, respectively, as compared to those obtained by orthogonal cutting simulation. Besides, the proposed force model for the worn tool is found to be viable as it is closer to the experimental forces, whereas force model without the incorporation of tool wear underestimated the experimental forces.
A Tunable Variable-Torque Compliant Hinge Using Open-Section Shells
Authors: Hampali Shamanth , Pai S Anoosha , Ananthasuresh G. K.
Published: June 2020

This paper is concerned with a compliant-hinge mechanism that can provide a wide range of torque-angle profiles. The mechanism consists of thin-walled open-section shells that are subjected to combined twisting and bending. A pair of open-section shells is so arranged as to get a large rotation about a virtual axis with high stiffness along other axes. A replaceable cam-like guideway regulates the bending of the open-section shells as they twist, thereby generating the desired torque profile. An energy-based, graphical, and computational design method is formulated to obtain the guideway profile for a specified torque profile. A physical prototype is constructed for an assistive chair for the elderly to demonstrate the variable-torque output and the efficacy of the hinge.
Role of Variable Conductance on Heat and Mass Transport Mechanism Using Generalized Theory
Authors: Qureshi Imran Haider , Elmoasry Ahmed , Alebraheem Jawdat , Nawaz M.
Published: June 2020

Fourier law of heat conduction, its analog Fick's first law, and Newton's law of viscosity are classical laws that are not capable of exhibiting memory effects. Conservation laws based on these classical laws do not give predictions about memory effects on the transport phenomena. Recently, proposed novel laws are called Cattaneo–Christov heat flux. Models are based on the generalization of classical laws of heat conduction, mass diffusion, and Newton's law of viscosity. This investigation considers this generalized theory to model the impact of relaxation phenomenon on the transport of momentum, heat, and mass in Maxwell fluid (viscoelastic fluid) of temperature-dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity in the presence of temperature-dependent mass diffusion coefficients. It is observed from the simulations that memory effects play a key role in controlling momentum, thermal and concentration boundary layer thicknesses. It is also noted that the rate of diffusion of heat and mass has shown an increasing trend when thermal conductivity and mass diffusion coefficients are increased via rise in temperature of the fluid. The generative chemical reaction on the transport of specie relative to the impact on the transport of specie when it is compared with the impact of destructive chemical reaction on the transport of specie.
Two new species of eriophyid mites (Trombidiformes: Eriophyoidea) associated with Lamiaceae species from semi-arid and arid environment in East Iran

Authors: Honarmand Arash , Sadeghi-namaghi Hussein , Lillo Enrico De
Published: June 2020

During the field study of eriophyoid mites associated with Lamiaceae species in semi-arid and arid environment in East Iran (Birjand, South Khorasan, Iran, summer 2017), two new eriophyid mite species (Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae) were discovered. They are Aceria pocrii sp. nov. on Teucrium polium L. and Cecidophyes punctinea sp. nov. on Rosmarinus officinalis L., and are illustrated and described herein. Both new species seemed to be vagrants on leaves and flowers, and they were not associated to any particular symptom.
Matched-field geoacoustic inversion using propagation invariant in a range-dependent waveguide
Authors: Wang Pengyu , Song Wenhua
Published: June 2020

Although matched-field geoacoustic inversion (MFI) has been successfully applied for seabed sediment parameters, its estimation capabilities are limited due to the range dependence of ocean sound-speed profiles, bathymetry, and bottom sediment. This paper proposes a method called propagation invariant (PI). As a purely data-driven method, PI eliminates the effect of intervening range-dependent variations on acoustic propagation and depends only on the “local” environmental characteristics, thus providing ideal input data for MFI. In this paper, the PI concept is applied for MFI in a range-dependent environment by simulations. Results show good MFI performance even for a highly range-dependent waveguide.