bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of repeated loads on saline soils of earth roadbed
Authors: Kayumov Abdubaki , Hudaykulov Rashidbek , Makhmudova Dilfuza , Kayumov Dilshod
Published: June 2021

The constant development of the road network in Uzbekistan, especially in widespread saline soils, necessitates increased attention to road structure strength. Since vehicles differ in weight and speed, it is obvious that the saline soil under the pavement is subjected to successive impacts of a load of different power and application force. Experimental studies to identify the patterns of changes in saline soils' physical and mechanical properties under repeated and short-term loads were conducted on a device specially designed by the authors of this study. The experiments were conducted on samples of sulfate and chloride-sulfate medium-saline heavy silty sandy loam, compacted at optimal moisture content to maximum density. When conducting the experiment, the impact duration of vertical load Рver = 0.15 MPa on the sample was tload = 0.2 sec, and the interval between the loads was 0.5 sec, the frequency of application was f = 1.2 Hz. The number of short-term load applications was recorded using an electric meter installed on the device. After a certain number of short-term cyclic load applications on the sample, its physical and mechanical properties were determined following the requirements of state standards (GOST). The results of the study show that with an increase in the number of cyclic and short-term load impacts on the sample, the following values increase: residual strain, density, and modulus of setting, relative swelling, swelling pressure, ultrasonic transmission rate, coefficient of filtration; while the porosity, coefficient of porosity, soaking, ultimate strength in uniaxial compression, the coefficient of dynamic viscosity, adherence, the angle of internal friction and the modulus of elasticity of soil decrease. It was determined that under the repeated impact of short-term loads in compacted saline soil, residual strains and short-term redistribution of stresses in the contact of soil and salt particles occur, which leads to a change in the physical and mechanical properties of soil.
Methods of determination of morphological indicators in hydrological calculations in the design of roads and road structures
Authors: Salimova Barno , Tulyaganov Abdukhaxxor , Khakimova Raykhan , Muslimova Pokizakhon
Published: June 2021

In solving the engineering problems in the practice of different specialties, in the design of roads and roads, structures, determining the physiographic conditions of the same regional areas: basin area (F), height (Z), average square difference of basin height (s), slope (J), parameters such as the length of the main channel in the basin (L), the width of the maximum water flow in the basin (V) and its depth (h), that is the determination of the calculated values of morphological indicators, performed using a large-scale map. It allows to estimate the amount of physical-geographical and morphological indicators, analyze their interrelationships, reveal the regions' physical-geographical laws, use them in hydrological calculations in the basin, and determine their values, to apply them in solving engineering problems.
Assessment of strength and deformation of lightweight concrete and its components under triaxial compression, taking into account the macrostructure of the material
Authors: Raupov Chorikul , Shermuxamedov Ulugbek , Karimova Anora
Published: June 2021

The paper presents the results of experimental studies on the strength and deformations of lightweight concrete, mortar matrix and hardened cement paste under triaxial compression. Tests on samples were carried out using short-term triaxial proportional σ1 > σ2 = σ3 loading (i.e. axial compression + lateral hydrostatic pressure). During the loading, the ratio of the main stresses (both axial and lateral) was kept constant up to the end of tests. The experimental studies were carried out for different low ratios of σ2/σ1. A theoretical estimation has been discussed to approximate experimental results and prediction of triaxial strength values for different types of lightweight concrete. An estimation of the confining pressure parameter K has been done for the used mode of loading.
Comparability of estimates of the impact of gunpowder and gas-dynamic explosions on the stability of buildings and structures
Authors: Tojiev Rasul , Yunusaliev Elmurad , Abdullaev Ibrahim
Published: June 2021

A brief description of natural and artificial influences influencing the stability of buildings and structures is presented. Studying the seismic resistance of buildings and structures designed, under construction, erected, and in operation requires time to wait for seismic activity, which is not permissible; costs of manpower and resources, which is inappropriate. In this regard, a working hypothesis has been put forward that by artificially acting on soils with the help of detonation wave energy, it will be possible to induce vibrations, with the help of which it will be possible to study the behavior of building structures put into operation, the entire building and structure as a whole. The goal is set: - to investigate the behavior of structures under construction and in the operation of buildings and structures that perceive artificial vibrations caused by the detonation unit by acting on soils. To achieve this goal, tasks have been identified. A detonation (blast) wave is taken as a "tool" for force action. The theoretical foundations of the experiment are briefly presented and the developed scheme of a detonation tube and a shock wave with a general view of the installation causing detonation wave energy. A brief technique for carrying out field experiments is presented.
Assessment of the impact on the railway track of a special purpose passenger car model 61-934
Authors: Jumabekov Bobur , Ro’zmetov Yodgor , Sultonov Shoxrux
Published: June 2021

In this work, theoretical studies have been carried out in order to assess the strength of structural elements of the track superstructure from the impact of a special-purpose passenger carriage. The assessment of the impact of the wagon on the railway track was carried out according to the stresses in the edges of the rail base, stresses in the main area of the subgrade and the stability of the track against lateral shear. The calculations showed that the strength and stability of the structural elements of the track superstructure as a result of the impact on it of a special-purpose passenger carriage model 61-934 meets the regulatory requirements.
Numerical approach for structural analysis of Metro tunnel station
Authors: Miralimov Mirzakhid , Normurodov Shahboz , Akhmadjonov Mirali , Karshiboev Abdullaziz
Published: June 2021

In this paper is presented the results of calculations of reinforced concrete structure of metro station in the form of cupola located at the intersection of interstation tunnels. The constructive solution of station is economical, allows diversifying its architecture and using the internal space for placing objects of the national economy. One of the important design stages is the assessment of the stress-strain state of structure with different boundary conditions when it is exposed to external loads. It is assumed that deformable environment surrounding the tunnel station is elastic and is modeled by discrete bearing reaction located in contact with the station. The structure is modeled by finite shell elements. As the result of calculation the principal stresses and moments in its sections are determined. The obtained data can be made by designers in determining of structural solution, dimensions and initial sections selection of reinforcement elements.
Method for calculating the insulation of airborne sound by enclose from volumetric-block buildings
Authors: Pirmatov Rakhmatulla , Rashidov Jasur , Pirmatov Khabibullo
Published: June 2021

This research paper provides a method for calculating airborne sound insulation by encloses from volumetric-block buildings. The choice of the most suitable construction solution for the technical condition of objects at the design stage for building elements should primarily provide insulation from sound and a safe mode inside buildings, in which protection conditions in the combination of energy efficiency and stability should be taken into account, as well as competent decisions and its impact on the construction process buildings.

Numerous scientific studies show the negative effect of sound on human health by the occurrence of various diseases such as cognitive impairment of the fetus in reproductive people, sleep disturbances, tinnitus, irritation, and dysfunction of some human organs. Therefore, sound exposure should be considered a source of inconvenience and a source of harm to human health.

Sound waves collide with the surfaces of enclosing structures, causing them to vibrate and transmit the negative effects of the air around them in adjoining rooms, in which, from the point of view of regulatory requirements, in many cases, it does not meet the requirements, since comfort also depends on the design and sound insulation of the volumetric-block buildings.

Many of these problems are easily solved at the design stage by choosing the right design solution and calculating the soundproofing qualities of the enclosing structures.

In particular, one of the main tasks at the design stage is the development of structural solutions for internal enclosing structures that have a relatively small mass that allows reducing the load on the supporting structures of the building and plummets the material consumption of construction. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure compliance with the regulatory requirements for the isolation of airborne sound of enclosing structures.
Fundamentals of property and compositions management concrete mix and concrete
Authors: Khasanov Bakhridin , Choriev Ruzimurot , Vatin Nikolai , Ismailova Zukhra , Tillaev Alisher , Mirzaev Timur
Published: June 2021

The choice of the concrete composition following the set research tasks must satisfy the following requirements: 1-the maximum achievable strength on the given starting materials; 2-the required formability, corresponding to the accepted vibration-impact-peristaltic pressing; 3-a given level of dehydration of the concrete mixture, providing a residualW/C, close to the normal density of the cement paste. The accepted conditions are necessary and sufficient when using the physical-analytical method of designing concrete composition. Distinctive features of the method are the use of a large amount of information and the absence of arbitrary coefficients, technological constants, or parameters. The necessary data for the assignment of concrete compositions are determined according to the data of preliminary laboratory experiments, the given technological parameters of mechanisms and equipment, and the design characteristics of concrete and the structure to be formed. For the experimental study, a total of six independent information streams of initial data are used: 1-physical and mechanical properties of the constituents of concrete (Rc, ρc, ρc°, [V/C],рс, γ3, ρshch, γsh, γshch°); 2-laboratory data of tests of raw materials in concrete mix and concrete (a, b, c, Ku, A, B); 3-design characteristics of concrete mix and concrete (Rb, F, W, OK, Zh); 4-characteristics of the product to be concreted (V, h, l, μ); 5-technological characteristics of equipment, mechanisms, and devices (th, tb, TO, t0); 6-the cost per unit volume of raw materials (Sc, Cn, Ssh, Se, Sg). Obviously, the listed volume of initial information comprehensively characterizes the materials used and the conditions for forming the product. The previously developed technological conditions for forming concrete pipes, in addition to the above, require, when assigning the composition of concrete, to take into account the observance of the balance of masses in the concrete mixture and compacted, modified concrete. This should be manifested in checking the equation of absolute volumes for the original and compacted (dewatered) concrete.
Achieving reliability and energy savings in operate of pumping stations
Authors: Glovatskii Oleg , Rashidov Jaloliddin , Kholbutaev Вoybek , Tuychiev Khayrullo
Published: June 2021

Hydromechanical equipment of pumping stations of irrigation systems, including the main equipment of pumping stations of the Amu-Bukhara machine channel, was taken as the object of research. The study aims to assess the operating conditions of pumping stations and improve the main units' reliability by developing new units that ensure reliable and resource-saving operations. An important consequence of using new elements of irrigation systems during reconstruction is an increase in the unit capacity of regulated pumping units, which gives additional energy savings and reduces technological costs by 15-20%. The practical significance of the research results is based on the developed methods of hydraulic calculation of the flow in the flow section of the pumps, the assessment of reliability during operation under various conditions of the quality of the pumped water, and the criteria of its state.
Test problems composition methodology of different degrees of difficulties for the "Computer graphics" discipline
Authors: Nasritdinova Umida
Published: June 2021

Improving the effectiveness of education in the teaching of computer graphics is the organization of the educational process using new information and communication technologies, as well as quality control of the learning modules. With this in mind, the article provides a theoretical analysis of the methodology of compiling test questions from computer graphics and some related graphic disciplines. The relationship of factor theory to the graphical sciences has been identified. As a result, the three-level test task system structure based on specific formulas and their factors has been studied so far. Also, the system of assessment of students in four categories was tested using a general automated software tool for questionnaires and test control. Based on the results, mathematical statistical analysis was performed, and the range of variation of the four categories was shown.
The study results of the filtration process in the ground dams body and its chemical effect on piezometers
Authors: Yangiev Asror , Omarova Galiya , Yunusova Farida , Adjimuratov Dilmurat , Risalieva Aliya
Published: June 2021

The article describes the definition of filtration flow gradients in the dam's body on the example of the Kattakurgan reservoir, the analysis of the reasons for their change in cross-section. Evaluation of the aggressiveness of the filtration flow in the dam's body plays an important role in ensuring the stability of the reservoir dam and its parts. To assess the aggressiveness of the filtration flow in the dam's body, it is necessary to know the action pattern of the filtration water in the reservoir dam and its effect on the elements of the dam. In addition, the chemical composition of the water in the piezometers was analyzed in the laboratory to determine the aggressive effect of sulfate elements on the piezometers and their corrosion. Measures on the observations of systemic piezometers were also mentioned.
Hydro-abrasive wear reduction of irrigation pumping units
Authors: Ikramov Nazir , Majidov Takhir , Mamajonov Makhmudjon , Chulponov Olim
Published: June 2021

Uzbekistan is one of few countries in the world where more than 50% of the irrigated lands are provided with water by pumping stations. The main water sources are the transboundary rivers, the Amu Darya, and the Syr Darya, which transport a large amount of bedload and suspended sediments. In these water sources, the average annual turbidity is up to 5-7 kg/m3, and the average monthly turbidity reaches 10-12 kg/m3. The content of abrasive particles with the Mohs hardness of 5 and more reaches 50-60% of the total amount of suspension. When these sediments pass through the pumping units, their hydro-abrasive wear is observed; this leads to a change in the main parameters of the pumps. Bedload sediments with the size of more than 1 mm cause the most intensive pumps hydro-abrasive wear. Therefore, in our research, much attention was paid to developing methods to prevent the ingress of bedload sediments into the flow part of pumping units. For this purpose, based on laboratory tests, taking into account the heterogeneity of bottom sediments, the dependence for determining the ridge forms' height was revealed. On the basis of this dependence was developed methods for determining the height of the threshold damless intakes and the height of the inlet of the suction pipe pumping unit relative to the riverbed bottom. The developed methods reduce abrasive wear of pumping units and increase their repair period.
Flow calculations in intake structures of hydropower plants
Authors: Gazaryan Alexander , Glovatskii Oleg
Published: June 2021

Research is carried out for design institutes in which the structures of pumping stations are designed. In the regional conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan, when operating pumping stations, the problem of protecting equipment from pumps and fin is of particular importance, as well as the stability of water supply structures and the creation of favorable hydraulic conditions for supplying flow to the pumps. The main factors in the flow conditions are the calculations associated with suspended particles. The purpose of the research was to study the kinematics of the flow of intake structures in the problem of protecting equipment from pumps and fin. The research subject was to identify the regularities of the operation of intake structures depending on the structure of the flow supply. Experimental methods of hydraulic research of intake structures of pumping stations are used in the work. The analysis of the current state of water supply to the intake structures of pumping stations is carried out based on calculation schemes, which make it possible to establish the nature of the influence of flow parameters and soil particles on this process.
Hydraulic calculation of irrigation settling tanks of Amu Darya irrigation systems
Authors: Baimanov Kenesbay , Nazarbekov Kadirbek , Baimanov Ruslan , Tazhibayev Sharap
Published: June 2021

The Amu Darya river carries a large amount of up to 15 kg/m3of suspended matter containing up to 85-90% suspended and 10-15% bottom sediments, which pose a serious threat to the hydroelectric power station and irrigation systems operating in its basin. In case of dam water intake, head sump tanks are provided in the composition of waterworks. So, in the composition of Right-Bank and Left-Bank, sedimentation tanks with mechanical cleaning to protect the channels were built at the Takhiatash hydroelectric complex Kaskelenskaya and Selinsky irrigation system. It is established that the hydraulic and alluvial modes of operation of these settling tanks depend on the water, alluvial, and backwater modes of operation Takhiatash waterworks. It is noted that due to low water conditions, this hydroelectric power plant operated for a significant part of the year with fully closed gates in all spans, producing intensive siltation of the upper stream. These processes led to a change in the alluvial mode of operation of the settling tanks. At the same time, due to low water and excessive design dimensions, in the first years of operation, these settling tanks were heavily silted up, the bottom mark rose to 17.2 m (above the design 165 m). Properly designed settling tanks should prevent siltation of main and distribution channels while respecting the transport capacity of the channels located below. It is proved that some well-known methods for calculating settling tanks, due to their complexity and bulkiness, cannot be used in calculating siltation modes of settling tanks under operational conditions that require simplification or finding a simpler relationship. A simple method is developed for calculating the dynamics of sediment deposition in irrigation sump tanks based on the probability of turbulent pulsation motion. Recommended: for normal operation of irrigation septic tanks, it is necessary to carry out systematic monitoring of the output turbidity and intensity of treatment, as well as water supply according to the water consumption schedule.
Critical stresses arising in the destruction of a floating reinforced concrete pontoon
Authors: Morozova Dina , Malakhov Dmitrii
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the stress-strain state of a reinforced concrete floating pontoon caused by critical stresses before its destruction. The investigation was motivated by the destruction of the pontoon, which occurred under extreme wind and wave impacts. A method for determining wind, wave and current loads is presented. The investigation was carried out on finite element computer models. As a result of the investigation, critical efforts and stresses were obtained, causing the destruction of the pontoon. The main conclusion of the conducted investigation is the possibility of using a floating reinforced concrete pontoon in waters with limited values of wind, wave effects and loads from the current.
Water flow regulator for irrigation canals
Authors: Benin Dmitry , Snezhko Vera
Published: June 2021

A distinctive feature of the irrigated systems of the Russian Federation is a large area of irrigated areas and a significant length of irrigation canals. With a large area of the irrigated massif on small canals, the use of electricity to regulate the throughput of network hydraulic structures is economically ineffective. Preference is given to means of hydraulic automation of water supply. Regulation of the throughput of a hydraulic structure is based on the laws of fluid flow within it. On irrigation canals in Russia, as in world practice, water-operated gates are widely used. One of the disadvantages of such gates is moving metal parts and sensors, which reduce the operational reliability of structures. A new regulator of throughput is proposed, the action of which is based on the injection effect. Compression of the flow by physical elements was replaced by the circulation of surplus water supply between the outlet section of the water supply structure and the downstream. The regulator is built into the pressure drop between the high and low order channels. Regulating the throughput of the tubular water outlet automatically begins after shutting down one or more sprinklers that take water from the lower order canal. After turning the sprinklers into operation, the regulator automatically restores the original throughput. Using the theory of jet pumps, a new method has been developed for the theoretical determination of the main hydraulic characteristics of the regulator. These include the size of the nozzle and the velocities of the injection and injection streams. The derivation of theoretical dependencies was based on the classical equations of fluid mechanics; the flow within the structure was considered quasi-one-dimensional. The obtained calculated dependencies were verified using numerical and physical modeling. The data of the physical and numerical experiment were in good agreement with the theoretical dependences. Further optimization of the controller can be performed by changing its geometric parameters.
Theoretical bases for determining the velocity and suspended matter concentration in the swirling zone beyond the transverse dam
Authors: Bakiev Masharif , Yakubov Kuvonchbek , Koybakov Seytxan , Khayitov Kholmurod , Bobojanova Nodira
Published: June 2021

Design dependencies to determine the velocity and concentration of suspended matter in the swirling zone beyond the transverse dam in the presence of the initial section of the jet are proposed in the article, using the main provisions of the theory of turbulent jets, the scheme of dividing the flow into hydraulic homogeneous zones: a weakly perturbed core, intense turbulent mixing and reverse currents. The distribution of velocities and concentration of suspended matter (turbidity) in the zone of intense turbulent mixing are affine and obey the theoretical Schlichting-Abramovich relationships; this was substantiated by laboratory and field studies. The equations of continuity and conservation of solid matter along the flow were used to solve the problem. To establish the adequacy of the dependencies obtained, a test problem was implemented in which the velocities in the core and the depth along the flow were assumed constant. The problem was implemented for the following contraction ratios of flow nc 0,1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4; 0.5. Tabular and graphic dependencies obtained show that with all contraction ratios of flow, the relative backflow velocities first increase, and at the end of the swirling zone, they sharply decrease. The maximum is observed at the intersection of the outer boundary of the zone of intense turbulent mixing with the protected coast and reaches m = 0.317. Comparison of the calculation results with the experimental ones shows their qualitative and quantitative agreement. The relative concentration of suspended matter in reverse currents remains practically constant along the entire length of the swirling zone. It is close to unity for all contraction ratios of flow.
Initial results of watering plants via sub-irrigation technology
Authors: Vafoev Safo , Turdibekov Ilkhomjon , Vafoev Rustam , Vafoeva Ozoda
Published: June 2021

In this developing world, saving water is the main problem for agricultural sciences. So, in this field, scientists are using many methods to save water-for instance, traditional irrigation, drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, sub-irrigation, and others. Solving irrigation and the problems in this article demonstrated the sub-irrigation method for agriculture plants in the Uzbekistan regions. According to watering theory in the field condition and compared to drip irrigation in the region, scientifically experiment was done. According to the results of the study, this method will automate the stability of soil moisture in the irrigation of agricultural crops: save 4 … 5 times water and prevent soil salinization; the cost of processing plants and fuels and lubricants with the help of technical means is sharply reduced; land use coefficient increases; hardening of crop rows and the number of their processing is sharply reduced; it is guaranteed to increase crop yields by mixing the juice with water; environmental pollution and soil salinity are sharply reduced. In the case of drip irrigation of agricultural crops, flexible plastic pipes with a diameter of 16… 20 mm are laid on the soil near the crop stalks, from which water holes or cracks are formed at certain intervals, from which water drips and irrigates crops. It is also possible to mix the juice of chemical and local fertilizers with water.
Comparison of Digital Elevation Models for the designing water reservoirs: a case study Pskom water reservoir
Authors: Khasanov Khojiakbar , Ahmedov Azamat
Published: June 2021

This study investigates the accuracy of various DEMs (SRTM DEM, ASTER GDEM, and ALOS PALSAR DEM) for the area of the designing Pskom water reservoir (recommended to construction in Pskom River, in Tashkent region. DEMs are compared for the study area using the Global Mapper application and selection Ground Control Points (GCP). The RMSE we calculate is the most easily interpreted statistic as the square root of the mean square error because it has the same units as the quantity drawn on the vertical axis. Results show that SRTM based measurements of ground control points (GCPs) exhibit RMSE of 15.72 m while ASTER DEM based measurements exhibits and RMSE of 18.47 m, ALOS PALSAR exhibit RMSE of 14.02 m for the Water reservoir located in the plain. There are AOS PALSAR outperforms SRTM and ASTER DEM in detecting vertical accuracy. Based on the capabilities of the Global Mapper program, we can build the longitudinal profile of the approximate location where the dam can be built in each DEM and compare. The results obtained show that the dam height is 187 m at ALOS PALSAR DEM, 168 m at ASTER GDEM, and 175 m at SRTM. The study found that using ALOS PALSAR data in the design of the proposed Pskom Reservoir for construction leads to a more accurate result. Comparing the DEMs data shows that there is more difference between the vertical accuracy; the horizontal accuracy level is almost the same. The results were obtained using ALOS PALSAR data in determining the storage volume (W=479368568 m3) and area (F=8.31 sq., km) of the water reservoir.
Adjustment determination of kinetic energy and the amount of flow in the area of Spreading, Taking into account the development of inter-amber space
Authors: Rakhmatov Norkobul
Published: June 2021

At present, major works on the main rivers of Central Asia (Amudarya, Zerafshan, Chirchik, and others) have been carried out and are working to protect the banks from erosion and regulate channels for guaranteed water intake into irrigation channels in areas of great length. For this widely used transverse dam (spur). During the interaction of the dam (spur) with the flow, there is intensive siltation of the inter-amber space. Due to the limited areas for agricultural land in densely populated areas, which usually adjoin the valleys of large rivers, spontaneous and unwarranted development of inter-dammed space on regulated sections of rivers occurs, which may lead to a violation of the design regime of the regulated part of the river. In this regard, the development of methods for the hydraulic calculation of a constrained flow with a partial development of inter-dam space is one of the urgent problems of scientific and practical importance in the design of control structures, their construction, and operation.
Critical flow velocities in cohesive saline soils
Authors: Eshev Sobir , Rahmatov Mahmud , Khazratov Alisher , Mamatov Nurbek , Sagdiyev Jasur , Berdiev Mustafo
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the issue of determining non-erosion velocities for cohesive saline soil at the bottom and slopes of canals. Based on the formulas of Ts.E. Mirtskhulava for the determination of non-eroding velocities of water flow in cohesive soils, equations for determining non-eroding velocities for cohesive saline soil are proposed. A brief technique for conducting laboratory experiments and modeling of saline soil is presented. Based on the obtained data of laboratory experiments, the dependences for determining the non-eroding velocities of the water flow in the channels of the cohesive saline soils are obtained.
Results of hydraulic tests of the ACO Qmax system pipeline
Authors: Bryanskaya Yuliya , Ostyakova Aleksandra
Published: June 2021

Polymer corrugated pipelines are a very promising type of construction that has many advantages over concrete and reinforced concrete structures that are widely used today for collecting and diverting surface runoff from residential areas and enterprise sites. To collect and divert surface runoff from residential areas and enterprise sites, the hydraulic characteristics of the drainage system made of corrugated polymer culverts of ACO Qmax are studied by computational and experimental methods. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of Hydraulics and hydro-mechanics at different flow rates and different slopes. The kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the water flow in the pipeline were determined: the velocity, the roughness coefficient, and the hydraulic resistance coefficient were measured at different values of the pipeline filling. It is found that the characteristics of the water flow obtained by the computational method using a computer program differ from the experimental values, the reason for which, apparently, in the shortcomings of the computational program and the lack of accuracy of experimental measurements. Experimental studies were conducted to adjust the calculation methods of such pipelines used in the design and verification of hydraulic calculation methods of corrugated pipelines based on the software product ACO Qmax.
Static characteristics of contactless converters of monitoring and control systems
Authors: Plakhtiev Anatoliy , Gaziev Gayratjon , Meliboev Yaxyojon , Doniyorov Odil , Norholboyev Davron , Ibragimov Jasur
Published: June 2021

The paper substantiates the need to use non-contact conversion and measurement of large direct currents using magnetic modulation contactless transducers of increased sensitivity for land reclamation, irrigation, industry, metallurgy and agriculture and water management in general, and the results of their design development are presented. It is shown that the developed converter, in contrast to the known ones, has increased accuracy and sensitivity, a technologically advanced design and low weight and dimensions with low material consumption and cost. Characteristics of information non-contact magnetic modulation converters statically are considered. It is shown that the value of the excitation value corresponds to a certain maximum value of the measured value. In this case, the maxima of the measured value, increasing in value with an increase in the excitation value, are shifted towards the increase in the measured value. The discrepancy between the experimentally and theoretically obtained static characteristics of the converter does not exceed 6 percent. The developed converter can be widely used in electrical systems in land reclamation and irrigation, in water supply, industry, railway transport, science, technology, and for checking electric meters at their installation site for contactless control of direct and alternating currents.
Diversification of energy supply to the agricultural sector in the conditions of Uzbekistan
Authors: Bokiev Abdujolol , Nuralieva Nodira , Sultonov Sanjarbek , Botirov Abror , Kholiknazarov Urolboy
Published: June 2021

At present, the power supply system of the agricultural sector consists only of centralized networks. There are no autonomous-stationary and mobile methods of supply. The current situation of energy consumption in horticulture, such as Beruni district, Karakalpakstan, and further diversification, is analyzed. A systematic approach is applied to the analysis of electrical installations and energy use during agricultural processes, and the corresponding calculation and analytical methods are used to ensure sufficient reliability of the results obtained. The energy balance is compiled in the context of agrotechnical and production processes in fruit and vegetable growing. The issues of central, local, and mobile power supply are studied based on the corresponding energy balance and schedules of electricity consumption. Economic experiments were carried out on a prototype of a mobile power plant “Sun-Wind,” with a capacity of 4.5-4.7 kW·h (in the daytime), 0.8-1.0 kW·h (in the evening). Based on the results obtained, the current and prospective ratios of all three power supply methods are justified. Based on the research results, a system of diversified electricity supply for fruit and vegetable farms was developed and proposed.
Vibrodiagnostic method of water pump control
Authors: Ergashev Rustam , Bekchanov Fakhriddin , Atajanov Adiljan , Khudaev Ibrokhim , Yusupov Furqat
Published: June 2021

The research aims to carry out comprehensive diagnostics and develop diagnostic systems for vertical pumping units. The article discusses the method of technical diagnostics of large vertical pumping units to ensure reliability during their operation. An assessment of the qualitative and quantitative changes in the parameters of their operating modes during wear is given, and a diagnostic system is proposed for monitoring these parameters.
Quality control of tea products by variable sampling
Authors: Didmanidze Remzi , Aldoshin Nikolay
Published: June 2021

Based on the technological process of obtaining tea products, the factors determining its quality are considered. The analysis of these factors and their classification. The optimization of labor costs and time to perform quality control of raw materials using the methods of probability theory. Based on a simple discrete Markov chain, proposed a system of selective quality control of tea products by variable samples.
Raking plates of the combination machine's subsoiler
Authors: Fayzullayev Khayriddin , Irgashev Dilmurod , Mustapakulov Sodiq , Begimkulova Mokhichekhra
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the research is to justify the type of subsoiling plates of the machine for preparing the soil for sowing melon crops. The machine designed by the authors for the preparation of the soil for sowing melon crops under the tunnel film is equipped with deep loosening subsoilers of “paraplough” type with loosening plates. The scheme of subsoiler arrangement on the frame of the machine is shown. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis, and statistics were used in this study. The scheme of subsoiler arrangement on the frame depending on their parameters has been theoretically justified. Experimental studies have established that using a subsoiler in the form of a rod and plate with a length of 12 cm and a height of 20 cm provides the required crumbling of the soil at minimum energy consumption.
Parameters of the angle-lift of the front plow for smooth, rowless plowing
Authors: Aldoshin Nikolay , Kurbanov Sherzod , Abdullaev Akmal , Khujayev Alham , Choriyeva Dilsabo
Published: June 2021

To improve the quality and energy indicators on the front plow in front of the housings, the angle axes are installed in the form of a triangular wedge. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the parameters of the angle-lift of the front plow, which provides high-quality performance of the technological process according to agrotechnical requirements with the lowest energy costs for smooth, rowless plowing. The research uses the laws and rules of theoretical mechanics, mathematical statistics, mathematical planning of experiments, and methods of strain measurement, as well as the methods given in existing regulatory documents. Based on the study of the process of interaction of the carbon monoxide with the soil, analytical dependences are obtained that allow us to determine the parameters of the carbon monoxide. According to the results of theoretical and experimental studies, it was found that the required quality of tillage with a front plow following the established agrotechnical requirements with minimal energy consumption is provided at the height of 22 cm, a length of 27 cm, a wing angle of 32° and an angle of inclination of the side face of 36°.
Combination machine for soil cultivation and sowing grain
Authors: Maxamov Xo'jaxmat , Tovashov Rustam , Tovashov Bekzod , Jabborov Farruh
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the design scheme and parameters of the working bodies of a combined machine for tillage and sowing grain on sloping lands. The authors have developed a machine that performs technological operations for tillage, grain sowing, and ridge formation to prevent water erosion. The design diagram is given. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis, and statistics were used in this study. Theoretical and experimental studies have established that using a chisel-shaped ripper with loosening knives as a loosening working body provides high-quality loosening of the soil. When the longitudinal and transverse distances between the rippers are 62.5 and 15 cm, respectively, the longitudinal distance between the rear ripper and the housing is 60 cm, and the transverse distance between the buildings is 90 cm, high-quality soil loosening, and grain sowing are achieved with minimal energy consumption.
Diagnosing the technical condition of the diesel cylinder-piston group
Authors: Valiev Mukhammad , Kosimov Khusan
Published: June 2021

The reliability of locomotive diesel engines largely depends on a timely and objective assessment of the technical condition of its equipment during operation. The article proposes a technique for the integral assessment of the technical state of the quality of the working process in a diesel cylinder using on-board diagnostics.
Calculation of the power of thermal energy consumed for heating the reactor of a bioenergy plant
Authors: Imomova Nodira , Komilov Ochil , Majitov Jurabek , Ergashov Jukhriddin , Usmonov Kamol
Published: June 2021

The issues of calculating the power of thermal energy consumed for heating biomass in the reactor of a bioenergy plant are considered. Based on the Fourier heat equation, a solution for the axisymmetric cylindrical problem under boundary conditions of the first kind is obtained, and the power of additional heat sources in a cylindrical biogas reactor is calculated. The influence of the height of the bioreactor and the temperature difference of the biomass on the power consumption of an additional source of thermal energy is analyzed
Electrical conductivity of whole and shredded plant tissue
Authors: Eshpulatov Nodir , Khalmuradov Tolib , Khalilov Rakhmаnberdi , Obidov Abdulkhay , Allanazarov Madrakhim
Published: June 2021

The article gives the electrical conductivity of whole and shredded plant tissue. An experimental study was made of the dependence of the resistivity value and the volume occupied by the pulp on the pressing time and specific pressures on the pulp while taking into account the amount of pressed juice. The electrical resistance (R) of whole and crushed plant tissue was experimentally studied, which, when processing the results, was recalculated to the specific electrical resistance (ρ) of the tissue. The specific pressure (P) on the tissue was determined using a reference manometer, and the deformation (ΔH) of the sample was measured with a dial indicator.
Optimization of the dimensional parameters of the working body for compaction temporary sprinkler dams
Authors: Кarimov Maksud , Sharipov Zayniddin , Usmanov Taxir
Published: June 2021

The article presents the results of research work to optimize the working dimensions of the sealing working bodies of the dammer. A ski-shaped sealing sheet and a cone roller are used as working elements to seal the outer and inner parts of the temporary sprinkler dam. The sealing sheet of the sliding working body compresses, thanks to the presence of the inclined cheek SH and eliminates the restoration of compacted soil with the EC section. When the sealing sheet moves along the surface of the dam slope, it is immersed under the action of its own weight or the pressure force of the additional loader (spring) by the value h1, the soil layer with the thickness h1 is pressed into the body of the dam. In this case, the nature of the impact of the compacting cheek of the face on the lump of soil depends on the value of the angle αl of its inclination to the horizon and the speed of movement. To seal the outer part of the dam, take a cone roller as a working body. To substantiate the parameters of the conical working body, conical working elements were manufactured with a change in the large diameter of the truncated cone and different sizes of sealing sheets. During operation, the roller rotates on its axis with sliding and has no torque on the shaft. To find out the effect of sliding on the value of the longitudinal movement of the compacted soil particles on the surface of the dam, the nature of the effect of the base of the conical part of the roller on them is graphically considered.
Theoretical model of the effect of dimple on friction behavior in hydrodynamic lubrication regime
Authors: Amanov Auezhan , Turkmenov Xasan
Published: June 2021

In this paper, full-film lubrication between the rigid smooth and dimpled surfaces was addressed. A theoretical model is developed to study the effect of a dimple on friction where the smooth surface is rotating while the dimpled surface is at rest. To simplify the problem, the magnified dimple cell is investigated along with some assumptions. Because dimples deploy periodically along with the x and y directions, the lubricant pressure also deploys periodically. A theoretical model can be developed for one cell and then extended to the whole surface. The main goal of this study is to understand the dimple effect on friction in a hydrodynamic lubrication regime. The main applications of this model are several types of bearings (point contact, line contact etc.) and mechanical parts where two surfaces interact in relative motion. Findings the optimum dimensions for the dimples also seem to be one of the interesting research areas in mechanization of agricultural and renewable energy sources.
Hydraulic calculation of reliability and safety parameters of the irrigation network and its hydraulic facilities
Authors: Karshiev Rustam , Urazkeldiyev Abduvoxid , Rajabov Adhamjon , Ernazarov Azizbek
Published: June 2021

Nowadays, more than 155.7 thousand km of irrigation networks are operated by WUA, farms and clusters. 95% of irrigation networks were built and commissioned in the 80s of the last centuries.

The parameters of the irrigation canals, built in the 70-80s of the XX century, are set for irrigation of cotton and alfalfa irrigated agriculture during the growing season 170-210 days. Irrigation networks have been designed for this crop rotation scheme.

Since 1993, the rotation scheme has changed to cotton-wheat. Irrigation networks began to operate continuously throughout the year after the transition of agricultural production to the cultivation of autumn cereals, which require irrigation from October to May. As a result, it has become difficult to carry out repair work on irrigation networks.

In addition, irrigation networks have been designed, built and operated by adapting crops to traditional irrigation systems. In recent years, large-scale work has been carried out on the widespread implementation of water-saving technologies in agriculture.
Crystallographic structural changes of Al1050 under different types of sheet metal rolling
Authors: Saydakhmedov Ravshan , Bakhadirov Kudratkhon
Published: June 2021

AA1050 aluminum alloy was studied with symmetric and asymmetric rolling in various technological modes of rolling equipment. The rotational speeds of the rolls and the number of passes varied according to the initially foreseen scheme. Rolling of aluminum sheet alloy was carried out on an experimental - laboratory installation. The crystallographic texture before and after rolling was investigated using X-ray diffraction. X-ray analysis data was processed using MTEX MATLAB toolbox 75. The pole figures and the texture of the samples of aluminum alloy on the Euler space are given. It was shown that pole figures obtained based on X-ray analysis of samples, rolled by the traditional way, had orthorhombic symmetry, and the sample texture had typical components of traditional rolling, like Cu (copper), Su (with lower intensity) B (Brass).
The use of frequency converters on three-circuit ferroresonant circuits
Authors: Shaymatov Bobokul , Rakhmatova Maktuba , Komilov Sardor , Qurbonova Dilnoza
Published: June 2021

In this paper, the processes of formation of low-frequency currents in the circuits of ferromagnetic oscillations are analyzed, and the theory of the formation of secondary amplitude frequencies of soft excitation of parallel and series-connected ferroresonant chains is developed. Based on this, considering the use of frequency dividers in the irrigation system shown in Figure 1, it is possible to carry out experiments on the study of multi-circuit frequency dividers. Therefore, the study of spontaneous (soft) vibration processes in multi-circuit ferroresonant electric circuits of periodic changes in the parameters of a ferromagnetic element generated by the resulting harmonic oscillations (HA) and their development and application of improved sources of harmonic signals for telecontrol of the system in power lines, switchgears and drainage networks.