bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technology in Architectural Practice: Transforming Work with Information, 1960s–1990s
Authors: Meyer Katie Pierce
Published: April 2016

Architects began using computers to create architectural drawings in the 1960s. Since then, the development of computer-aided design (CAD) programs and, more recently, building information modeling (BIM) software in the architecture, engineering, and construction industries have changed the way architects create drawings, store information, and communicate intentions. This historical analysis will address information in the architecture industry and consider the development of CAD and BIM in the changing use of information in architecture by drawing on architectural theory and industry publications. The adoption of various computer technologies for architectural practice since the 1960s highlights how the ability to effectively manage and communicate complex information remains a central responsibility of an architect.
“No Trespassing”: Changing and Contested Rights to Land in the Guyanese Amazon
Authors: MacDonald Katherine
Published: April 2016

Os povos Macuxi e Wapixana do Rupununi da Guiana têm lutado pelos direitos de seus territórios tradicionais desde que foram desafiados pelo primeiro contato com os colonizadores europeus. Embora os direitos Indígenas ao território permanecem incertos dentro da Guiana, em 2013, o governo nacional concordou em ceder 8000 hectares de território contestado para agricultores de plantações brasileiras, alegando que a agricultura de savana é um componente integrante das estratégias de desenvolvimento nacional. O Macuxi e Wapixana mostraram-se apreensiveis com este projeto agrícola. Com base no trabalho de campo etnográfico, este artigo expõe os problemas inerentes que são levantadas quando ambições económicas e políticas dominam as preocupações ambientais e sociais.
On measurement and quantification: The case of most and more than half
Authors: Solt Stephanie
Published: April 2016

The quantifiers most and more than half pose a challenge to formal semantic analysis. On the one hand, their meanings seem essentially the same, prompting accounts that treat them as logically equivalent. On the other hand, their behavior diverges in a number of interesting ways. This article draws attention to some previously unnoticed contrasts between the two and develops a novel semantic analysis of them, based on principles of measurement theory. Most and more than half have logical forms that are superficially equivalent (per Hackl 2009), but that place different requirements on the structure of the underlying measurement scale: more than half requires a ratio scale, while most can be interpreted relative to an ordinal scale or one with a semiordered structure. The latter scale type is motivated by findings from psychophysics and by psychological models of humans’ approximate numerical abilities. A corpus analysis is presented that confirms the predictions of the present account.
The role of indirect positive evidence in syntactic acquisition: A look at anaphoric one : Supplementary Material
Authors: Pearl Lisa S. , Mis Benjamin
Published: April 2016

Language learners are often faced with a scenario where the data allow multiple generalizations, even though only one is actually correct. One promising solution to this problem is that children are equipped with helpful learning strategies that guide the types of generalizations made from the data. Two successful approaches in recent work for identifying these strategies have involved (i) expanding the set of informative data to include indirect positive evidence , and (ii) using observable behavior as a target state for learning. We apply both of these ideas to the case study of English anaphoric one , using computationally modeled learners that assume one ’s antecedent is the same syntactic category as one and form their generalizations based on realistic data. We demonstrate that a learner that is biased to include indirect positive evidence coming from other pronouns in English can generate eighteen-month-old looking-preference behavior. Interestingly, we find that the knowledge state responsible for this target behavior is a context-dependent representation for anaphoric one , rather than the adult representation, but this immature representation can suffice in many communicative contexts involving anaphoric one . More generally, these results suggest that children may be leveraging broader sets of data to make the syntactic generalizations leading to their observed behavior, rather than selectively restricting their input. We additionally discuss the components of the learning strategies capable of producing the observed behavior, including their possible origin and whether they may be useful for making other linguistic generalizations.
Better Travel Through Brand Names: The Couture Grand Tour in Paris Is a Woman’s Town and Gentlemen Prefer Blondes
Authors: Fusco Katherine
Published: April 2016

This article identifies the way famous names mediated the relationship between US cultural insecurity and secure consumer behavior by reading Anita Loos’s Gentlemen Prefer Blondes alongside US film branding and shopping guides to Europe. In Blondes , Loos establishes a new kind of value based on recognizable brand names such as Cartier and Ritz. Branding and franchising luxury goods resonated with a US desire to democratize high culture, with the effect of rewriting the grand tour narrative as a shopping expedition.
To Drag Out a Rough Poetry: Colin MacInnes and the New Brutalism in Postwar Britain
Authors: Derdiger Paula
Published: April 2016

This essay considers the intersection between trends in British fiction and architecture during the socially and culturally transformative years of the late 1950s. Reading Colin MacInnes’s Absolute Beginners (1959) alongside Alison and Peter Smithson’s New Brutalism-inspired House of the Future (1956), the essay argues that the architectural and literary innovations of this period turned away from the recent past to create a new set of narrative and material codes that valued poetic renderings of reality, transparency, fluidity, and the freedom to move and to consume at will.
Call and Answer: Muriel Spark and Media Culture
Authors: Tease Amy Woodbury
Published: April 2016

“Call and Answer: Muriel Spark and Media Culture” reads the telephone in Muriel Spark’s postwar novels Memento Mori (1959) and The Girls of Slender Means (1963) as an antagonistic medium that exposes a pervasive anxiety about communication and surveillance. The essay argues that reading Spark’s postwar novels through the lens of contemporary media culture gives us new purchase on her as a writer informed by machine age modernism, whose preoccupation with media demands that we also consider how her particular historical moment breeds a culture of surveillance that we are inextricably tethered to today.
“Turning Out” Possessive Individualism: Freedom and Belonging in Samuel R. Delany’s The Mad Man
Authors: Ravela Christian
Published: April 2016

This article examines Samuel R. Delany’s The Mad Man for the way it revises the ideological tenants of the classical bildungsroman through the figure of the racialized homeless. In particular, it argues that the novel takes up the narrative conventions of the classic bildungsroman in order to unthink the liberal constraints of freedom and belonging established by possessive individualism. By troubling the aesthetic ideas of self-ownership within the classic bildungsroman, the novel not only “turns out” possessive individualism but generates an alternative account of freedom and belonging that reckons with the racialized and gendered history of self-ownership and property.
Rescuing the “Loss-Of-Agency” Account of Thought Insertion
Authors: Pedrini Patrizia
Published: April 2016

Abstract:
According to an influential view, a thought is pathologically ‘inserted’ when it is not voluntarily caused by the subject, that is, when the subject has not formed it qua agent. Recently, Lisa Bortolotti found this account unsatisfactory: most of our ordinary thoughts are not voluntarily produced by us, and yet they are not regarded as ‘inserted,’ so the cause of thought insertion cannot be a loss of agency. Thus, Bortolotti elaborates an alternative view according to which thought insertion is owing to a failure to ‘endorse’ the thought on the part of the subject. Although I agree with Bortolotti that the Endorsement Model is preferable to the Traditional ‘Loss-of-Agency’ Account of thought insertion, I argue that agency is systematically connected with non-pathological thinking, although not ordinarily in the form of the volitional agentive capacity to produce thoughts intentionally, and that in thought insertion such connection between thinking and agency is lost.
Reconciling the Ipseity-Disturbance Model with the Presence of Painful Affect in Schizophrenia
Authors: Hamm Jay A. , Buck Benjamin , Lysaker Paul H.
Published: April 2016

Abstract:
Contemporary phenomenological analyses have offered rich descriptions of schizophrenia. A prominent phenomenological model, the ipseity-disturbance model, has described forms of self-disturbance that contribute to characterizations of schizophrenia largely in terms of alterations in thoughts and perception. Other descriptions of schizophrenia, however, including classic psychiatry texts, psychoanalytic writings, first-person accounts, and emerging neuroscience findings, have suggested that deeply painful affective states are essential aspects of the experience of the disorder. In this paper, we seek to reconcile this seeming contradiction by proposing several integrative models. Specifically, we address this question by review of the treatment of painful affect within the ipseity-disturbance model, followed by a review of a range of other accounts in which painful affect is emphasized. This review suggests that an integrative approach offers opportunities for viewing phenomenological accounts of schizophrenia in concert with others that more centrally emphasize painful affect.
Solid state microwave modules designed for millimiter wave electronic equipment and systems
Authors: Karushkin N. F. , Maltsev S. B. , Khitrovskiy V. A.
Published: April 2016

The paper presents scientific, technological and production potential of Research Institute «Orion» in the field of creation of wide range of high performance active and passive solid-state microwave devices, modules and components as well as multifunctional devices on their basis. These products taken as a whole form a component base for promising equipment and systems working in the frequency range from 1.0 to 200 GHz.
Thermal management system for electronic devices
Authors: Tsevukh I. V. , Spivak V. V. , Malyuta A. I. , Shuba T. I.
Published: April 2016

A four-channel thermal management system with low level of electromagnetic interference is proposed. The system is designed for single- and multi-core CPUs, GPUs, motherboard chipsets etc., emitting a heat flow with the density up to 200 W/cm2.
Intensification of heat transfer in liquid heat exchangers with dimple-pin finning
Authors: Trofimov V. Ye. , Pavlov A. L.
Published: April 2016

The authors consider the possibility of intensification of heat transfer in fluid heat exchangers with cavity-pin finning by changing the shape of the cavities. It is shown that the transition from circular to elliptic cavities leads not only to a significant intensification of heat transfer but also reduces the size and weight of the heat exchanger.
Unexpected Roles for Ciliary Kinesins and Intraflagellar Transport Proteins
Authors: Pooranachandran Niedharsan , Malicki Jarema J
Published: April 2016

Transport of proteins in the ciliary shaft is driven by microtubule-dependent motors, kinesins. Prior studies suggested that the heterotrimeric ciliary kinesin may be dispensable for certain aspects of transport in specialized cilia of vertebrate photoreceptor cells. To test this possibility further, we analyzed the mutant phenotype of the zebrafish kif3a gene, which encodes the common motor subunit of heterotrimeric ciliary kinesins. Cilia are absent in all organs examined, leading to the conclusion that kif3a is indispensable for ciliogenesis in all cells, including photoreceptors. Unexpectedly, kif3a function precedes ciliogenesis as ciliary basal bodies are mispositioned in mutant photoreceptors. This phenotype is much less pronounced in intraflagellar transport (IFT) mutants and reveals that kif3a has a much broader role than previously assumed. Despite the severity of their basal body phenotype, kif3a mutant photoreceptors survive longer compared to those in IFT mutants, which display much weaker basal body mispositioning. This effect is absent in kif3a;IFT double mutants, indicating that IFT proteins have ciliary transport-independent roles, which add to the severity of their photoreceptor phenotype. kif3a is dispensable for basal body docking in otic vesicle sensory epithelia and, surprisingly, short cilia form in mechanosensory cristae even in the absence of kif3a. In contrast to Kif3a, the functions of the Kif3c-related protein, encoded by the kif3c-like (kif3cl) gene, and the homodimeric ciliary kinesin, kif17, are dispensable for photoreceptor morphogenesis. These studies demonstrate unexpected new roles for both ciliary heterotrimeric kinesins and IFT particle genes and clarify the function of kif17, the homodimeric ciliary kinesin gene.
An Approximate Markov Model for the Wright–Fisher Diffusion and Its Application to Time Series Data
Authors: Ferrer-Admetlla Anna , Leuenberger Christoph , Jensen Jeffrey D , Wegmann Daniel
Published: April 2016

The joint and accurate inference of selection and demography from genetic data is considered a particularly challenging question in population genetics, since both process may lead to very similar patterns of genetic diversity. However, additional information for disentangling these effects may be obtained by observing changes in allele frequencies over multiple time points. Such data are common in experimental evolution studies, as well as in the comparison of ancient and contemporary samples. Leveraging this information, however, has been computationally challenging, particularly when considering multilocus data sets. To overcome these issues, we introduce a novel, discrete approximation for diffusion processes, termed mean transition time approximation, which preserves the long-term behavior of the underlying continuous diffusion process. We then derive this approximation for the particular case of inferring selection and demography from time series data under the classic Wright–Fisher model and demonstrate that our approximation is well suited to describe allele trajectories through time, even when only a few states are used. We then develop a Bayesian inference approach to jointly infer the population size and locus-specific selection coefficients with high accuracy and further extend this model to also infer the rates of sequencing errors and mutations. We finally apply our approach to recent experimental data on the evolution of drug resistance in influenza virus, identifying likely targets of selection and finding evidence for much larger viral population sizes than previously reported.
A camera trap assessment of terrestrial mammals in Machalilla National Park, western Ecuador
Authors: Cervera Laura , Lizcano Diego J. , Parés-Jiménez Violeta , Espinoza Sueanny , Poaquiza Diana , De la Montaña Enrique , Griffith Daniel M.
Published: April 2016

Understanding the abundance, geographicdistribution, and conservation status of terrestrial mam­mals is vital to promote effective wildlife management in protected areas. Located in the Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena hotspot of western Ecuador, Machalilla National Park contains high levels of biodiversity and endemism but suffers from habitat loss and degradation. This study provides an updated inventory of medium-sized to large mammals in the park and assesses changes in species richness over the past 20 years. Surveying 70% of Machalilla’s 562-km2 terrestrial area with 60 camera trap points, we detected 18 species of mammals belonging to 13 families. Richness of terrestrial species has declined in recent decades, due to the disappearance of keystone species like Jaguar (Panthera onca), White-lipped Peccary (Tayassu pecari), and possibly the Sechuran Fox (Lycalopex sechurae). We recommend specific man­agement improvements to ensure conservation of the unique ecosystems and biodiversity of Machalilla, the only national park in Ecuador containing dry forest.
Adult cerebellar glioblastoma: case report and review of the literature/strong
Authors: Castelluccio Gabriel , Bertullo Gonzalo
Published: April 2016

Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor but its occurrence in the cerebellum is very rare. Giving its low occurrence the treatment modalities and outcome of this glioblastoma location are still poorly understood. We present the case of an adult woman with a cerebellar glioblastoma treated at the Clinical Hospital of Montevideo, and we perform a non-systematic review of the literature concerning the clinical, radiological and pathological features of this tumor, as well as its treatment modalities, prognostic factors and outcome.
Analysis of land use and occupation in the water quality at two sub-basins of Caxias do Sul City
Authors: Cornelli Renata , Schneider Vania Elisabete , Bortolin Taison Anderson , Cemin Gisele , Dos Santos Geise Macedo
Published: April 2016

The use and land cover can directly influence in the quality and in the availability of water resources, whether by accelerated urbanization, by the removal of vegetation and the agricultural use. The impacts may vary according the use, the organic load supply, metal nutrients and contaminants and the drag of sediment affecting the water quality and the balance of aquatic ecosystems. This research was aimed to evaluated the influence of use and land use on water quality of river basins of the rivers Piaí and Tega, in Caxias do Sul-RS. Analyzed for such the Water Quality Index (WQI) and Toxicity (TI) in 5 points from River Piaí (P1 to P5) and 12 from River Tega (T1 to T12). Were realized 12 campaigns between September / 2012 to July / 2014. To develop the maps the use and occupation land were used Landsat 8 satellite images combined with the supervised classification with the maximum likelihood algorithm and Gaussian screen scanning in trouble spots. For the classification of maps were defined 7 classes of use, as follows: native forest, field, forestry, agriculture, bare soil, urban and water depth. For the classification of maps were defined 7 classes of use, as follows: native forest, field, forestry, agriculture, bare soil, urban area and water depth. It was concluded that the low water quality of points as P3 and P4 from River Piaí and points T1 to T9 from River Tega is the reflection the use and occupation of the soil, the release of effluents from point sources, such as homes and industries that do not have effluent treatment plant or whose treatment is not sufficient to meet the discharge standards prescribed by the laws.  http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.v4iss1p1
Experimental Analysis of a Medium-Sized Diesel Engine on Mono and Dual-Fuel Operation
Authors: Dos Santos Dener Fachinelli , Altafini Carlos Roberto , Costa Giovanni Acordi , Maino Henrique Bracht , Godinho Marcelo
Published: April 2016

This work aims to analyze the performance of an engine operating in mono fuel mode with diesel oil (DO) and in dual fuel mode using compressed natural gas (CNG) as primary fuel, and DO as secondary fuel in the form of a pilot injection. In the dual fuel operation mode, CNG intake is made with combustion air, being the mixture compressed and is ignited after the DO ignition. The engine studied is a six-cylinder, Diesel cycle, and is turbocharged. Performance tests (torque, power, fuel specific consumption and gas emissions) of the engine have been conducted on a dynamometer whose brake (retarder) is an electromagnetic type air-cooled. The data of the tests were corrected in accordance with ISO 3046/1 standard. A first set of tests was conducted to evaluate the performance of the engine operating only with diesel oil. The trends of torque, power and fuel specific consumption curves versus the engine speed were similar to those of the manufacturer, but quantitatively the values fell short. The experiments in dual fuel mode (DO-CNG) were conducted at 1800 RPM and achieved a percentage of diesel oil replacement of about 73%, representing a reduction in fuel costs, especially OD, of almost 29%. With the highest percentage of DO replacement was also the largest engine thermal efficiency (31.1%) compared to the DO100 mode (25.6%).  http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.v4iss1p38
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) of Polymeric Composite Materials
Authors: Lorandi Natalia Pagnoncelli , Cioffi Maria Odila Hilário , Ornaghi Jr. Heitor
Published: April 2016

Polymeric composite materials have been studied in many fields in materials science, with the aim of replacing other materials and reaching better performance when applied. Among the existing techniques, a great alternative to evaluate composites properties is dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), especially when viscoelastic parameters need to be studied as a function of time, temperature or frequency. Important properties, such as storage modulus, loss modulus and transitions temperaturescan be determined by this technique. The present paper brings a review about DMA, the advantages of this technique compared to others thermal and mechanical analysis, the behavior of polymeric composite materials during the tests and the properties which can be determined by DMA. The importance of DMA in the study of engineering materialsis also presented, especially when applied in aircraft structures.  http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.v4iss1p48
La lucha actual contra la delincuencia organizada en México
Authors: Carreón Guillén Javier , De la Cruz Lugardo Pedro Isnardo
Published: April 2016

Resulta evidente que de todos los problemas que agobian al país, es el referido a la seguridad pública el que más llama la atención. En efecto, los más de 50 mil muertos a lo largo del sexenio del Presidente Felipe Calderón (2006-2012), explican con amplitud la importancia del problema. Sin duda alguna, el fenómeno generado, principalmente, por la delincuencia organizada, se ha complejizado de tal manera que ahora ya no solo se habla de narcotráfico, sino que también ha cobrado amplia carta de naturalización, por ejemplo, el secuestro y la extorsión. Empero, llama la atención que los diversos análisis sobre tan delicado asunto, estén carentes de estudios sobre la situación que guarda el estado del arte en esta materia.
La sociología de la música. Teorías clásicas y puntos de partida en la definición de la disciplina
Authors: Hormigos Ruiz Jaime
Published: April 2016

La música es una forma de percibir el mundo y un potente instrumento de conocimiento que contribuye a la construcción social de la realidad. Desde esta perspectiva, la sociología siempre ha mostrado un especial interés por su estudio analizando los procesos de interacción entre el hecho musical y sociedad, analizando especialmente las diversas formas de interacción que surgen en esta relación. El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es exponer las principales teóricas clásicas que han dado lugar a la construcción de la sociología de la música, de este modo, se plantean las principales aportaciones de los trabajos de G. Simmel, M. Weber y Th. W. Adorno como punto de partida para concluir con un primer acercamiento teórico a la definición de la disciplina.
Cyborg y educación, un debate feminista inconcluso
Authors: Anta Félez José-Luis , Peinado Rodríguez Matilde , García Manso Almudena
Published: April 2016

La cultura occidental se ha construido sobre dualismos referenciales. Así nace el cyborg, mitad máquina, mitad humano, como paradigma de la lucha contra la informática de la dominación: El cyborg es una criatura en un mundo postgenérico, máquina/ordenador/red y mujer comparten similitudes miméticas en cuanto a flexibilidad, fluidez y plenipotencialidad, lo que hace que surja una alianza entre máquinas y mujeres. Comprender y analizar críticamente el ciberfeminismo nos proporciona un corpus teórico desde el que reflexionar en torno a los cambios y continuidades de los discursos articulados en torno a la idea de representación femenina y su capacidad para generar un debate sugerente, multifuncional y didácticamente coherente en materia educativa.
Planes de igualdad en las universidades españolas. Análisis de contenido desde las ciencias sociales
Authors: De los Cobos Arteaga Francisco
Published: April 2016

En este artículo, desde la visión de las ciencias sociales, se evalúa la aptitud científica de los planes de igualdad redactados en las universidades españolas para cumplir con las leyes de igualdad de mujeres y hombres, con especial atención al profesorado. La metodología empleada es el análisis cualitativo de los planes mediante la identificación de unidades de registro definidas en la revisión teórica del objeto de estudio. Como principales resultados se evidencia un bajo compromiso de la universidad española con la igualdad y, a la hora de elaborar el plan, carencias de conocimientos en ciencias sociales y teoría feminista, que son las disciplinas en cuyo núcleo se ha desarrollado los conceptos de género y la igualdad.
¿Cuál es el papel de las políticas activas de mercado de trabajo en tiempos de crisis?
Authors: Fernández Garrido Julio , Navarro Abal Yolanda , Climent Rodríguez José A.
Published: April 2016

El artículo efectúa una revisión teórica del papel de las políticas activas de mercado de trabajo analizando sus metas y utilidades y de manera especial el nivel de impacto a corto, medio y largo plazo verificados en los estudios de mayor garantía técnica, valorando, finalmente, las recomendaciones principales en relación a su uso más efectivo.
Crisis económica, confianza institucional y liderazgos políticos en España
Authors: Jiménez Díaz José Francisco
Published: April 2016

Este artículo se propone analizar, de modo exploratorio, los efectos de la crisis económica en los principales liderazgos políticos de España. Para entender la política española de los últimos años es necesario conocer las consecuencias de dicha crisis sobre los líderes e instituciones políticas que éstos dirigen. En las democracias representativas los líderes políticos han de mantener vínculos de confianza con sus seguidores para justificar las acciones políticas de los primeros. Por ello, y según las interpretaciones teóricas y datos expuestos en este trabajo, la confianza institucional se torna en un factor clave para poder comprender los efectos de la crisis económica sobre los liderazgos políticos. Así, el deterioro de la confianza en las instituciones está asociado con la creciente deslegitimación de los principales líderes políticos y con una crisis profunda de legitimidad política.
A study of Soil Invertebrates community in a Date - Palm plantation in Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Jaweir Haifa J. , Albayati Saba S S.
Published: April 2016

Soil invertebrates community an important role as part of essential food chain and responsible for the decomposition in the soil, helps soil aeration , nutrients recycling and increase agricultural production by providing the essential elements necessary for photosynthesis and energy flow in ecosystems.The aim of the present study was to investigate the soil invertebrates community in one of the date palms plantation in Aljaderia district South of Baghdad, , and their relationships with some physical and chemical properties of the soil , as Five randomly distributed replicates of soil samples were collected monthly. Invertebrates samples were sorted from the soil with two methods, direct method to isolate large invertebrates and indirectly to isolate small invertebrates using wet funnel method. The study also included the determination of physical and chemical factors of the soil (Temperature, Salinity, pH, Organic matter, Humidity, In addition to the soil texture).Monthly fluctuations in physical and chemical characteristics of the soil and the total invertebrates community study site were determined. Significant correlations the of the invertebrates community and each of temperature, organic matter, and humidity were observed. The study revealed that the temperature of the soil ranged between 5 to 25 C0 , The salinity concentration ranged between 1.1-1.9 ‰, The pH values ranged between 7.3 to 7.8 and the percentage of soil moisture ranged between 15 - 25% , Soil samples were composed of 44.6 % Clay, 19.7% Silt and 35.5% Sand.A total of 4625 individuals of soil invertebrates belonging to 16 taxa were sorted , within which the adult and larval insects were the most abundant, and from them 1283 individuals were sorted , represented 28% of the total numbers, followed by Isopoda , which 1030 individuals of them were sorted, In addition to Nematode, Oligochaetes Annelids family Enchytraeidae, and Earthworms family Lumbricida, Species of Chilopoda, Diplopoda, mites, land snails and slugs. The highest total individual number were recorded recorded durim moderate temperature months, February, March and April amounted to 838, 801 and 813 individuals, respectively.A significant correlation was mated between total number of soil invertebrates and each of temperature, organic matter and humidity. The significant difference in means was calculated according to LSD test.
Biological and physiological effects of Coriandrum sativum on House fly Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Hermize Feryal Bahjat , Ahmed Raad Fadhel , Abed-Ali Maki Hamed
Published: April 2016

This Study is conducted to evaluate effects of (leaves, fruits) powder and (oil, alcohol) extract of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) plant on some biological and physiological aspects of House fly, Musca domestica at laboratory conditions. Result show that these preparations caused biological effects represented in high dead percentage in second instar, fed on different concentrations of food treated with them reached to 27.6, 55.3 at concentration 20% of leaf and fruit powder respectively and 67.3, 77.2% at 10% of oil and alcohol extract of fruit, respectively. Furthermore, study also show reduction in pupation and adults emergence percentage. However, leafs powder had slighter effect than powder and extract of fruit of tested plant. The study show physiological effects in treated larvae such as molting failure at subsequent molt to larvae , pupa or to adult, also morphological aberration represented in small size, dark pigment, reduce age and folding of the adult wings. In almost cases, the higher concentration the more morphogenetic aberration. This study leads us to conclude that coriander had chemical compounds which played a negative role in some biological and physiological aspects of house fly.
Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis in Al-Rusafah Regions of Baghdad governarate
Authors: Khalil Nuha Khalaf , Rahman Nada Hatam Abdul , Bayati Huda Sa’doon Al
Published: April 2016

Urinary Schistosomiasis is one of important diseases that cause irritation and damage of urinary tract and other systems and tissues and can not be expected by doctors when diagnosing urinary tract diseases.The current study is conducted to investigate the prevalence of schistosomiasisin Baghdad / Al-Rusafa. 191urine samples were collected fromresidents ofsome areas of Al-Rusafain Baghdad governarate (Almashtal, Albaladyat, Alameen, Baghdad aljadida and Alnahrawan) for the period from March until the end of September 2010.The samples were examined by the precipitation and examination of micro hematuria by reagent strips. The total infection percentage was 9.42% (18/191) and was significantly higher in males compared tofemales12.64% (11/87), 6.73% (7/104) respectivly, and in ages
Association of Glutathione–S-Transferase (GSTP1) Genetic Polymorphism in Iraqi Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type2
Authors: Rasheed Raghad H. , Al-Essa Nagham E. , Shihab Batool A.
Published: April 2016

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are enzymes that included, in a more range of detoxifying reactions by conjugation of glutathione, to electrophilic material. Polymorphisms n the genes that responsible of GSTs affect, the function of the GSTs. GSTs play an active role in protection of cell against oxidative stress mechanism. Polymorphisms of GSTP1 at codon 105 amino acids forms GSTP1 important site for bind of hydrophobic electrophiles and the substitution of Ile/Val affect substrate specially catalytic activity of the enzyme and may correlate with reach to different diseases in human like diabetes mellitus type2 disease. Correlation between these polymorphisms and changes in the parameters file of diabetic patients has also been found, therefore, the results variation considerably among the studies; therefore, these control study was designed to leading to detecting know, as there are no studies on this performed in the people of Iraq. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to study GSTP1genetic polymorphism in 60 T2DM patients and 50 healthy individuals. Our results showed that presence of the GSTP1 heterozygous mutant allele Ile/Val was more common in subjects with T2DM than in the control group (40.00% and 32.00%, respectively; p = 0.01), as well as the found of the homozygous mutant of GSTP1 allele Val/Val was common in T2DM patient and not found in the control group (3.33% and 0.00%, respectively; p = 0.001).GSTP1 genotypes do not have an effect on blood lipids after infection with diabetes mellitus. Agarose gels used to determined genotypes according to the bands were that appeared in electrophoresis of gel.
The Protective Effect of Radish (Raphanus sativus) Seeds Against the Oxidative Stress Induced by Sodium Nitrite in Male Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Abed-Alazeez Lena A. , Ali Alia H. , Haba Mukhtar K.
Published: April 2016

The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of Radish (Raphanus sativus) seed alcoholic extract 70% against oxidative stress induced by sodium nitrite NaNO2 Twenty five adult male rabbits were devided into five groups of (five rabbits in each group) and treated daily for 30 days. Group T1: intubated orally 20 mg/kg NaNO2, Group T2: intubated orally 20 mg/kg NaNO2 + 50 mg/kg of alcoholic extract from Raphanus sativus seeds, Group T3: intubated orally 20 mg/kg NaNO2 + 100 mg/kg of alcoholic extract from Raphanus sativus seeds, Group T4: intubated orally 20 mg/kg NaNO2 + 200 mg/kg of alcoholic extract from Raphanus sativus seed as well as Group C: control intubated orally distilled water. In comparison with normal rabbits there were significantly increase in the level of Methemoglobin (MetHb%) , lipid peroxidation indicator malondialdehyde (MDA), and significantly decrease in the level of glutathione (GSH) in the rabbits intubated NaNO2. In rabbits intubated NaNO2 + 50,100,200 mg/kg of alcoholic extract it was found there were significant decreased in the level of MetHb%, MDA, and increase in the level of GSH. In conclusion according to results obtained from this study approved that alcoholic extract of Raphanus sativus seeds in dose (50,100,200 mg/kg) have protective effect against oxidative stress induced by sodium nitrite in male rabbits.
Evaluating the Humoral Immunity and Interleukin 18 Receptor 1 in some Patients with Molluscum Contagiosum Infection
Authors: Saleh Mohammed Abdul-Daim
Published: April 2016

The molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) is a dermatotropic poxvirus. The causative agent of molluscum contagiosum (MC) is nonlethal, common and worldwide. Additionally, little inflammation is associated with MC papules. The present study aims to evaluate the immune status of MC patients by measuring the level of immunoglobulins IgG and IgM by using the radial immune diffusion assay (RIA) and the level of interleukin 18 receptor 1 (IL-18R1) by the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The study is conducted during November 2013 to April, 2014 in outpatient clinic of Baquba Teaching Hospital. There are 75 patients, diagnosed with clinical lesions of MCV on different areas of the body, whose age is ranged between 2-50 years including 40(53.3%) males and 35(46.7%) females. The study includes 15 healthy persons age between 2-50 years. The level of IL 18R1 were significantly elevated in patients (677.15±874.22) compared with control (178.46±31.79 ng/ml). There is also a significant elevation in the mean level of serum IgM, where it is 1946.6±825.6 mg/dl while in control group is 140.1±68.7mg/dl. By contrast in patients with lower levels of IgG than the control, the mean serum IgG level in patient is 221.9±96.7 mg/dl while in the control is 1229.9±299.7 mg/dl. Finally, there is no significant difference between MC patients from rural area and urban area.
Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Benzimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Fenjan Abdel-Amir M. , Adday Sahar T
Published: April 2016

In this paper the new starting material 2-(5-chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-yl) aniline (1) was synthesized by the condensation reaction of 4-chloro-o-phenylenediamine and anthranilic acid .The new Mannich base derivatives were synthesized using formaldehyde and different secondary amines to synthesize a new set of benzimidazole derivatives(2-5). Also, the new Schiff-base derivatives (6-10) were synthesized from the reaction of compound (1) with various aromatic aldehydes and the closure-ring was done successfully using mercapto acetic acid to get the new thiazolidine derivatives(11-12).These new compounds were characterized using some physical techniques like:FT-IR Spectra and 1HNMR Spectra.
Synthesis and Characterization of 3 - Substituted Coumarin
Authors: Al- Zobaydi Shatha F. , Al-Hammed Kawther Abdu , Ismael Ban Dha.
Published: April 2016

The reaction of(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-Carbonyl chloride)(k1) with hydrazine in boiling ethanol gives the hydrazide(K2).When compound (k2) reacts with various aromatic aldehydes ,the corres ponding Schiff bases(k3–k4) achieve new series of thiazotidines (k5–k6) and azetidinones (k7–k8) obtained from the reactions of appropriate Schiff bases with mercapto acetic acid and chloro acetyl chloride respectively. All the compounds are characterized by FT-IR,1H-NMR and GC-Ms.
Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Metals Complexes of [N-(4-Nitrobenzoyl Amino)-Thioxomethyl] Phenylalanine
Authors: Sarhan Basima M. , Al-karboly Mohammed A. , Zaidan Dena H.
Published: April 2016

A new ligand [N-(4-nitrobenzoylamino)-thioxomethyl] phenylalanine is synthesized by reaction of 4-nitrobenzoyl isothiocyanate with phenylalanine (1:1). It is characterized by micro elemental analysis (C.H.N.S.), FT-IR, (UV-Vis) and 1H and 13CNMR spectra. Some metals ions complexes of this ligand were prepared and characterized by FT-IR, UV-Visible spectra, conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibility and atomic absorption. From results obtained, the following formula [M(NBA)2] where M2+ = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd, Cd and Hg, the proposed molecular structure for these complexes as tetrahedral geometry, except copper and palladium complexes are have square planer geometry.
Isolation and Purification of a Cyclooxygenase-2 from the Blood of a Patient Suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis and Studying the Effect of Natural Products of the Soapwort on the Activity of Purified Enzyme
Authors: Al-Sadoun Mohammed B. , AL-Sabaawy Osama M.
Published: April 2016

In this paper to isolate and study the properties of the cyclooxygenase-2 (EC: 1.14.99.1) enzyme in the blood of a patient suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and study the effect of natural products of the Soapwort on the activity of purified enzyme. The study involves taking 30 ml of blood from an adult woman 40 years old, who suffers from rheumatoid arthritis disease for 13 years. Serum is separated and subjected to a series of purification processes including: precipitation by ammonium sulfate, filtration by centrifugation radiator, dialysis in presence of ammonium bicarbonate, separation using the technology of ion exchange, lipholization and then estimating approximate molecular weight of the enzyme using gel filtration technique and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-page polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The study also includes isolating the natural products of Soapwort plant and study the effect of isolated natural products on the activity of the purified enzyme. The result of the study indicates that cycloxygenase-2 has an approximate molecular weight of 71.5 kDa and that the extracted oil of the Soapwort has a negative impact on the activity of the enzyme (r= -0.824; P=0.006), while flavonoids and Saponin have no such impact (r= -0.565; P=0.113; r= -0.634; P=0.067 respectively).
Geomorphological Mapping of Razzaza–Habbaria Area using Remote Sensing Techniques
Authors: Al-Dabbas Moutaz A. , Ali Hussain Zaydan
Published: April 2016

Landforms on the earth surface are so expensive to map or monitor. Remote Sensing observations from space platforms provide a synoptic view of terrain on images. Satellite multispectral data have an advantage in that the image data in various bands can be subjected to digital enhancement techniques for highlighting contrasts in objects for improving image interpretability. Geomorphological mapping involves the partitioning of the terrain into conceptual spatial entities based upon criteria. This paper illustrates how geomorphometry and mapping approaches can be used to produce geomorphological information related to the land surface, landforms and geomorphic systems. Remote Sensing application at Razzaza–Habbaria area southwest of Razzaza Lake shows the different geomorphologic units and the land use maps that were delineated from Landsat ETM+ Image. Digital Image unsupervised classification was adopted to delineate the different classes by applying ERDAS 8.4 software. According to this classification five classes were selected and delineated in different colors.
Electronic Structure of Copper Antimony Using Compton Scattering Technique
Authors: Mohammed Sameen Fadel , Ahmed Mohamad AbdulKareem , Ghaleb Abdulhadi Mirdan
Published: April 2016

In this paper we present the first ever measured experimental electron momentum density of Cu2Sb at an intermediate resolution (0.6 a.u.) using 59.54 keV 241Am Compton spectrometer. The measurements are compared with the theoretical Compton profiles using density function theory (DFT) within a linear combination of an atomic orbitals (LCAO) method. In DFT calculation, Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) scheme is employed to treat correlation whereas exchange is included by following the Becke scheme. It is seen that various approximations within LCAO-DFT show relatively better agreement with the experimental Compton data. Ionic model calculations for a number of configurations (Cu+x/2)2(Sb-x) (0.0≤x≤2.0) are also performed utilizing free atom profiles, the ionic model suggests transfer of 2.0 electrons per Cu atom from 4s state to 5p state of Sb.
Investigation of the dielectric Properties of (PPAB) terminated by phenylenediamine doped by Na2[Fe(CN)5.NO].2H2O using Lumped equivalent circuit
Authors: Ibrahim HassanK. , Ajeel Kkalid I
Published: April 2016

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the effect of Na2[Fe(CN)5.NO].2H2O impurity (0.1 M) concentration on the dielectrical properties of poly (P-Aminobenzaldehyde) terminated by pheneylenediamine in the frequency and temperature ranges (1-100)KHz and (283-348) K respectively.These properties include dissipation factor, series and parallel resistance, series and parallel capacitance, real and imaginary part of the dielectric constant, a.c conductivity and impedance (real and imaginary) part, that have been deduced from equivalent circuit. The investigation shows that adding Na2[Fe(CN)5.NO].2H2O as additive to the polymer lead to increase of the dielectric constant with increasing temperature and it is decreasing with increasing the frequency .The dissipation factor is increasing with as the frequency increased.
A new methodology for the optimal design of series of pipes in sewer systems
Authors: Duque Natalia , Duque Daniel , Saldarriaga Juan
Published: April 2016

The sewer network design problem consists of determining both the layout and the hydraulic design of the system. This paper aims to find an optimal hydraulic design for a specific layout consisting of a series of pipes. An optimal hydraulic design of a series of pipes is that which satisfies all the hydraulic, commercial, and construction constraints, while minimizing the construction costs. The present paper proposes a graph modeling framework in which the result of a shortest path problem coincides with the hydraulic design, and the underlying graph models the diameter and slope of each pipe in the series. To assess the performance of the methodology, several numerical examples are presented varying the pipe material, the topography, and the number of pipes in the series.
Anaesthetic management of emergency caesarean section in a patient with peripartum cardiomyopathy under general anaesthesia - a case report
Authors: Raj Dipti , Priti Kumari , Quari Hasina
Published: April 2016

Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a unique and rare kind of cardiomyopathy of unknown cause that occurs during pregnancy or the postpartum period. Regional anaesthesia for anaesthetic management of this condition has been extensively described. There are limited reports of anaesthetic management of caesarean section of this case under general anaesthesia. We report a case of 32 years old lady diagnosed to have peripartum cardiomyopathy requiring emergency caesarean section that was successfully managed under general anaesthesia. Anaesthetic management was directed towards optimization of myocardial contractility, preload and after load.
Conventional right handed laryngoscope blade used as left handed blade: an experience with a case of mass in right side of oral cavity
Authors: Parajuli Bashu Dev , Limbu Trishant
Published: April 2016

Approach to management of anticipated difficult airway depends upon difficulty anticipated and availability of resources (expertise and instruments). Awake fibreoptic intubation is the preferred method to secure an anticipated difficult airway. However, availability of the instrument, expertise to use and patient cooperation should be considered. A conventional right handed laryngoscope blade can’t be negotiated when the airway pathology involves part or whole of the right side, compressing the airway structures towards the left. In such cases, a left-handed laryngoscope blade helps to displace the tongue and the right-sided lesion to provide an unobstructed left sided view of the larynx. Here we describe a case of difficult airway with mass in right side of the neck region with tracheal deviation to left, for which right handed conventional laryngoscope blade could not be inserted due to extension of mass up to the right side of the tongue. On the second attempt, the usual right hand laryngoscope blade was held on right hand and inserted from the left side displacing the tongue to right side and bougie held in left hand was used to guide tracheal intubation.