bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
НАХОДКИ РЕДКИХ ВИДОВ СОСУДИСТЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ НА БОЛОТАХ ЮЖНОГО УРАЛА (ЧЕЛЯБИНСКАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ), "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: ИВЧЕНКО Т.Г. , КУЛИКОВ П.В.
Published: November 2019

Приведены сведения о находках 33 редких видов на болотах Челябинской обл., дополняющие и уточняющие данные об их распространении и границах ареалов на Южном Урале. Впервые для Челябинской обл. приводится 1 вид (Lycopodiella inundata). Подтверждено произрастание на территории области Salix phylicifolia и Betula nana, ранее известных только по старым и недостоверным указаниям. Большинство приводимых видов нуждается в охране и внесено в Красные книги Челябинской области и соседних регионов.
LYCOPODIELLA INUNDATA И SELAGINELLA SELAGINOIDES В ВОЛОГОДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: ЧХОБАДЗЕ А.Б. , ФИЛИППОВ Д.А.
Published: November 2019

Приведены результаты анализа хорологии, фитоценотических и экологических особенностей редких реликтовых плауновидных — Selaginella selaginoides (L.) P. Beauv. ex Schrank and Mart. и Lycopodiella inundata (L.) Holub — на территории Вологодской обл.
ЧИСЛА ХРОМОСОМ НЕКОТОРЫХ ВИДОВ ГИДРОФИЛЬНОЙ ФЛОРЫ АМУРСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: ШАТОХИНА А.В. , БОЛОТОВА Я.В.
Published: November 2019

Приведены числа хромосом (2n) для 23 видов из 21 рода и 14 семейств гидрофильной флоры Амурской обл., в том числе для редких и слабоизученных видов. Для Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. и Cardamine prorepens Fisch. установлены новые (неизвестные ранее) числа хромосом; 5 видов исследованы впервые в России; один вид — впервые на российском Дальнем Востоке; у 3 видов хромосомные числа определены впервые для бассейна Амура, а у 6 видов — впервые для Амурской области.
МОЛЕКУЛЯРНО-ФИЛОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ РОДА ONONIS L. (FABACEAE) ВО ФЛОРЕ РОССИИ И СОПРЕДЕЛЬНЫХ ГОСУДАРСТВ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: ЛУЖАНИН В.Г. , РОДИОНОВ А.В. , ЯКОВЛЕВ Г.П.
Published: November 2019

В представленной работе секвенированы и проанализированы последовательности района ITS1-ген 5.8S рРНК-ITS2 видов O. pusilla, O. arvensis, O. spinosa, O. repens и O. antiquorum, а также участки хлоропластных генов rbcL и matK всех 7 видов рода Ononis флоры России и сопредельных государств. В анализ включены также нуклеотидные последовательности исследуемых участков ядерных и хлоропластных генов большинства средиземноморских и западноевропейских видов рода Ononis. Полученные молекулярно-филогенетические данные согласуются с представлением Г.И. Ширяева о секционном делении рода Ononis. Кроме того, большинство подсекций образует самостоятельные субклады с высоким бутстрэп-индексом. Вид O. pusilla имеет самостоятельный видовой статус и относится к подсекции Bugranoides. Виды O. arvensis, O. spinosa и O. repens, относящиеся к подсекции Acanthononis, также имеют самостоятельный видовой статус, но филогенетически очень близки друг к другу, что свидетельствует об относительной молодости рода и текущем активном видообразовании. Вид O. antiquorum на территории России и сопредельных государств, вероятнее всего, не встречается.
КРИПТАФФИННЫЙ ПЕРЕХОД В ФИЛОГЕНИИ ПОКРЫТОСЕМЕННЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: ЧУПОВ В.С. , МАЧС Э.М.
Published: November 2019

На основе морфологического и молекулярного анализов представителей порядков Melanthiales, Liliales, Asparagales рассмотрена сальтационная модель макроэволюционного процесса у растений. Показано, что сальтация не является просто ускорением некоторого стандартного эволюционного процесса. В эволюционно стазисных таксонах в рДНК происходит «выгорание» цитозина, в первую очередь в CpG динуклеотидах; рДНК эволюционно активных таксонов насыщается dC, dG и CpG динуклеотидами. В длинной филогенетической ветви, состоящей из ряда последовательно сменяющих друг друга эволюционно стазисных и эволюционно активных участков, насыщение рДНК цитозином и гуанином превалирует над процессами «выгорания». Таким образом, стазисные и сальтационные периоды эволюционного процесса отличаются характером молекулярных процессов в эволюционно значимых элементах генома. В целом же рост эволюционной продвинутости растений на макроэволюционном уровне коррелирует с увеличением G + C содержания и увеличением количества CpG динуклеотидов в участке ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 рДНК. Возможно, что у животных процесс идет в том же направлении. Эволюционно активный участок филогенетической ветви также структурирован и может быть охарактеризован как двухэтапный криптаффинный переход.
ФЛОРА BACILLARIOPHYTA ОЗЕР БАССЕЙНА РЕКИ КЕМЬ (РЕСПУБЛИКА КАРЕЛИЯ), "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: ГЕНКАЛ С.И. , ЧЕКРЫЖЕВА Т.А.
Published: November 2019

Электронно-микроскопическое изучение Bacillariophyta озер Карелии (Верхнее Латво, Среднее Латво, Нижнее Латво, Средняя Важа, Суднозеро) позволило значительно расширить видовой список (с 21 до 135 видов и разновидностей) и выявить 31 таксон водорослей, новых для флоры Карелии, в том числе 5 — новых для России. Из 52 зафиксированных родов 10 являются новыми для флоры водных объектов Карелии. Наиболее богатой в видовом отношении оказалась диатомовая флора озер Верхнее Латво и Суднозеро. Во всех изученных озерах наибольшее распространение имеют Asterionella formosa, Aulacoseira ambigua, A. subarctica, A. tenella, A. valida, Encyonopsis cesatiformis, Stephanodiscus invisitatus, Tabellaria flocculosa.
НОВЫЙ ВИД РОДА SAUSSUREA (ASTERACEAE) С УРАЛА, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: КНЯЗЕВ М.С. , БЫСТРУШКИН А.Г. , БЫСТРУШКИНА Е.В.
Published: November 2019

Описан новый для науки вид Saussurea igoschinae; приводятся данные по распространению S. igoschinae и S. uralensis.
JUNCUS DICHOTOMUS (JUNCACEAE) ВО ФЛОРЕ ВОСТОЧНОЙ ЕВРОПЫ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: ТИХОМИРОВ ВАЛ. Н.
Published: November 2019

Впервые для Восточной Европы приводится новый инвазивный вид Juncus dichotomus Elliott. Дается его краткое морфологическое описание, отличия от близкого Juncus tenuis и распространение на территории Восточной Европы.
ЕВТРОФНЫЕ БОЛОТА СЕВЕРНОГО ПОБЕРЕЖЬЯ ОЗЕРА ВОЖЕ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: СМАГИН В.А. , ДЕНИСЕНКОВ В.П.
Published: November 2019

В ходе экспедиционных исследований 2012 г. обнаружены и исследованы евтрофные болота, находящиеся вблизи северного берега оз. Воже, по составу и сочетанию растительных сообществ непохожие ни на одно из ранее встреченных болот. На них найдены редкие как для Архангельской обл., так и для России в целом виды Schoenus ferrugineus, Scirpus tabernaemontani, Carex serotina, C. panicea, Utricularia minor. Состав произрастающих на этих болотах растительных сообществ не позволяет отнести многие из них ни к одной из известных ассоциаций.
ВЛИЯНИЕ СЫРОЙ НЕФТИ НА РАННИЕ СТАДИИ РАЗВИТИЯ МАКРОВОДОРОСЛЕЙ БАРЕНЦЕВА МОРЯ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: СТЕПАНЬЯН О.В.
Published: November 2019

Изучено влияние эмульсии и пленки нефти на водоросли Баренцева моря. Бурые водоросли ( Fucus vesiculosus и Laminaria saccharina) более устойчивы к токсическому воздействию, чем зеленые (Enteromorpha prolifera). L. saccharina и E. prolifera наиболее уязвимы на стадии гаметогенеза и ювенильного спорофита, F. vesiculosus — на стадии прорастающей зиготы. Установлено, что водоросли Баренцева моря способны существовать в среде, загрязненной нефтью, при этом эмульгированная нефть менее токсична, чем ее пленка. Показано, что степень подвижности и тип движения зооспор L. saccharina и антерозоидов F. vesiculosus не могут являться тестовой реакцией при проведении биотестирования морских вод.
К ФЛОРЕ BACILLARIOPHYTA ВОДОЕМОВ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ПАРКА "ПААНАЯРВИ", КАРЕЛИЯ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: ГЕНКАЛ С.И. , ЧЕКРЫЖЕВА Т.А.
Published: November 2019

В фитопланктоне водоемов и водотоков национального парка «Паанаярви» выявлено 204 вида и разновидностей Bacillariophyta из 61 рода, в том числе 68 новых видов для флоры Карелии и 22 новых для России. Максимальное видовое разнообразие отмечено в реках Оланга и Муткайоки, а также в оз. Паанаярви. Наибольшее распространение в исследованных озере и реках имеют представители центрических диатомовых из родов Aulacoseira, Cyclotella, Discostella и пеннатных Meridion, Rhossit-hidium, Tabellaria, Ulnaria.
МОХООБРАЗНЫЕ В ВЫСОТНОМ СТВОРЕ ОКРЕСТНОСТЕЙ ГОРЫ МУС-ХАЯ (ХРЕБЕТ СУНТАР-ХАЯТА, ВОСТОЧНАЯ ЯКУТИЯ), "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: СОФРОНОВ Р.Р. , СОФРОНОВА Е.В. , ИВАНОВА Е.И.
Published: November 2019

Исследованы южные окрестности горы Мус-Хая — второй высочайшей вершины Якутии. Участок интересен сочетанием современного горного оледенения, непосредственной близости к полюсу холода Северного полушария, значительного количества осадков по сравнению с остальной территорией Верхоянской горной системы и крайне южного расположения для якутской части Верхоянья. Впервые приводятся данные по мхам и печеночникам горных тундр для хр. Сунтар-Хаята. Выявлен редкий вид Encalypta brevipes, включенный в Красную книгу РФ, и два вида, вошедшие в Красную книгу РС (Я) — Artemisia subarctica и Oligotrichum falcatum. Впервые для флоры сосудистых растений всей Верхоянской горной системы приводится Artemisia czekanovskiana, впервые для Восточного Верхоянья — Silene paucifolia, для флоры печеночников Верхоянской горной системы впервые указываются Gymnocolea inflata, Pleurocladula albescens, Prasanthus suecicus и впервые для Якутии — Cephaloziella elegans, Isopaches alboviridis, Marsupella brevissima. Pohlia beringiensis выявлена в Якутии только в этом районе.
НОВЫЕ ДАННЫЕ ПО ВИДОВОМУ СОСТАВУ И РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЮ КРЕСТОЦВЕТНЫХ (CRUCIFERAE) КИРГИЗИИ И УЗБЕКИСТАНА, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: ГЕРМАН Д.А. , ЛАЗЬКОВ Г.А. , ТОЖИБАЕВ К.Ш. , НЕВЕРАЕВ У.А.
Published: November 2019

Приведены новые данные о распространении некоторых крестоцветных в Средней Азии (в основном в пределах Киргизии и Узбекистана). Впервые для Кыргызстана приводятся Camelina rumelica, C. sativa и Parrya australis; Rorippa austriaca и Lepidium cardiophyllum отмечены в качестве новинок флоры Узбекистана. Подтверждено произрастание в Кыргызстане представителя монотипного рода Atelanthera (A. perpusilla), а также Cryptospora inconspicua, Lepidium tianschanicum и Smelowskia flavissima, тогда как нахождение во флоре страны Draba fladnizensis, D. turczaninovii и Brassica nigra не получило подтверждения; последний вид подлежит исключению из флоры Средней Азии. Уточнено и дополнено распространение нескольких видов, ограниченно встречающихся в пределах Киргизии и Узбекистана.
АНАЛИЗ ФЛОРЫ ХРЕБТА ЧУВАЛЬСКИЙ КАМЕНЬ (СЕВЕРНЫЙ УРАЛ), "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: БАЛАНДИН С.В.
Published: November 2019

Приводятся результаты исследований элементарной флоры хр. Чувальский Камень (Северный Урал). Рассматривается систематическая структура, дается географический, экологический, ценотический, биоморфологический анализ, а также сравнение с другими близлежащими флорами Урала.
АМУРСКОЕ ОТДЕЛЕНИЕ РУССКОГО БОТАНИЧЕСКОГО ОБЩЕСТВА В 2010-2012 ГГ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: СТАРЧЕНКО В.М. , ВОРОБЬЕВА А.Н.
Published: November 2019

Подведены итоги деятельности Амурского отделения РБО за период 2010—2012 гг. Проведено 11 заседаний, на которых заслушано 13 докладов. В ряды РБО приняты 2 сотрудника.
ФЕНОТИПИЧЕСКАЯ СТРУКТУРА ПОПУЛЯЦИЙ PICEA ABIES И P. OBOVATA (PINACEAE) НА ВОСТОКЕ ЕВРОПЫ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: ПОПОВ П.П.
Published: November 2019

В сплошном ареале елей европейской и сибирской на востоке Европы выделяются 9 больших районов распространения популяций. Группы (фенотипы) популяций по районам (P. e., P. eem., P. em., P. emm., P. m., P. mms., P. ms., P. mss., P. s.) четко различаются по средним показателям формы семенных чешуй, частоте фенотипов, квадрату дистанции Махаланобиса от «эталонных» популяций елей европейской и сибирской.
НОВЫЙ ВИД РОДА JURINEA (ASTERACEAE) С ГИССАРСКОГО ХРЕБТА (ПАМИРО-АЛАЙ), "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: ТОЖИБАЕВ К.Ш. , ТУРГИНОВ О.Т.
Published: November 2019

Описан новый для науки вид Jurinea tschernevae Tojibaev et Turginov sp. nov. с Гиссарского хребта. Этот вид является шестым в секции Nanae Iljin и наиболее близок типовому виду секции — J. abramovii Regel et Herd.
ПЕЧЕНОЧНИКИ ВОСТОКА ЛЕНИНГРАДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: КУШНЕВСКАЯ Е.В. , ПОТЕМКИН А.Д.
Published: November 2019

Приведен список печеночников востока Ленинградской обл., составленный на основании обобщения литературных данных и результатов исследований авторов. Он включает 95 видов, из них 17 видов приводятся впервые для востока Ленинградской обл. Указывается субстратная приуроченность и встречаемость, для редких в области видов дается описание местонахождений.
СТРОЕНИЕ ПЛОДА У ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЕЙ РОДА CORYMBIUM (CORYMBIEAE, ASTERACEAE), "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: КРАВЦОВА Т.И.
Published: November 2019

С помощью светового (СМ) и сканирующего электронного (СЭМ) микроскопов изучено морфолого-анатомическое строение плода у 3 видов рода Corymbium L.: C. africanum subsp. scabridum var. gramineum, C. glabrum и C. villosum. Односемянковая корзинка Corymbium представляет собой сложную диаспору, снабженную лигнифицированной оберткой. Выявлены различия между изученными видами по очертаниям семянки в сечении и анатомии покровов семени: обертки, перикарпия, семенной кожуры. Показано, что степени развития вторичного (обертки) и первичных покровов семянки у разных видов находятся в обратной зависимости, что указывает на возможную координацию функций между ними. Перикарпий и семенная кожура у C. africanum subsp. scabridum var. gramineum и C. glabrum упрощены по сравнению с C. villosum, обертка которого наименее склерифицирована. Сравнительный анализ строения семянки у Corymbium и у представителей сближаемой трибы Vernonieae (по литературным данным) выявил гистологическое сходство всей стенки обернутого плода Corymbium (за исключением слоя волосков) и стенки семянки у многих изученных видов Vernonia и Elephantopus. Наблюдающаяся аналогия в строении стенки плода свидетельствует о высокой степени адаптивности такого типа тканевой и клеточной структур у сложноцветных, повторяющегося на разной морфологической основе.
ОНТОГЕНЕЗ И СОСТОЯНИЕ ПОПУЛЯЦИЙ LIGULARIA SIBIRICA (ASTERACEAE) В НЕНАРУШЕННЫХ ЕЛЬНИКАХ НА НИЗИННЫХ БОЛОТАХ (БРЯНСКАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ), "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: ЕВСТИГНЕЕВ О.И. , ХАРЛАМПИЕВА М.В.
Published: November 2019

Изучен онтогенез Ligularia sibirica и онтогенетическая структура его популяций в ненарушенных высокотравных ельниках на низинных болотах Брянской обл. Определены характерный онтогенетический спектр, минимальная площадь и минимальная численность популяции L. sibirica, при которых может осуществляться устойчивый оборот поколений. Описана онтогенетическая структура популяционных локусов бузульника, которые формируются под пологом и в прогалинах ельника. Показано, что полночленный онтогенетический спектр в популяционных локусах L. sibirica формируется только в прогалинах леса.
РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ JUNIPERUS SABINA (CUPRESSACEAE) НА ЮЖНОМ УРАЛЕ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: ПУТЕНИХИН В.П. , ФАРУКШИНА Г.Г.
Published: November 2019

Изучено распространение и выявлены новые местонахождения можжевельника казацкого на Южном Урале. Вид характеризуется неравномерностью расселения. В горно-лесной части Южного Урала он встречается на западном макросклоне в пределах широколиственно-лесного, заходит в бореально-лесной пояс. На южной оконечности Урала и на восточном склоне вид обитает в лесостепной зоне, далее к югу и в Зауралье - в зоне степи. Определена граница ареала вида в регионе, которая значительно уточняет уральский участок северной границы можжевельника казацкого на территории России. Крайне северная точка лежит на западном макросклоне Южного Урала (54°26' с. ш. и 57°01' в. д.).
CHARA STRIGOSA (STREPTOPHYTA: CHARALES) В РОССИИ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: РОМАНОВ Р.Е. , ЧЕМЕРИС Е.В. , ВИШНЯКОВ В.С. , ЧЕПИНОГА В.В. , АЗОВСКИЙ М.Г. , КУКЛИН А.П. , ТИМОФЕЕВА В.В.
Published: November 2019

Охарактеризовано общее распространение редкого, находящегося под угрозой исчезновения вида Chara strigosa A. Braun ( Streptophyta: Chavales), приведены все известные местонахождения в России, включая новые на севере Дальнего Востока, в Восточной Сибири, Алтае, центральной части Восточно-Европейской равнины и юго-восточной Фенноскандии. Они существенно дополняют представления о восточной части ареала этого ледникового реликта и заполняют существующие пробелы между восточноевропейскими и южноуральскими местонахождениями. На основе опубликованных и оригинальных данных составлена карта ареала. Приведено подробное морфологическое описание изученных образцов. Оценена возможность устойчивого существования популяций вида в отдельных регионах. Как редкий вид с узким экологическим диапазоном, включенный в Красную книгу России, C. strigosa нуждается в охране на территории Архангельской, Иркутской, Магаданской, Новгородской, Псковской, Тверской, Челябинской, Ярославской областей, Забайкальского края, Республик Алтай, Бурятия, Карелия и Марий Эл.
ВЛИЯНИЕ НИЗОВЫХ ПОЖАРОВ НА НАПОЧВЕННЫЙ ПОКРОВ В ЛИСТВЕННИЧНИКАХ НИЖНЕГО ПРИАНГАРЬЯ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: КОВАЛЕВА Н.М.
Published: November 2019

Рассматриваются некоторые закономерности восстановления напочвенного покрова в ходе послепожарной сукцессии в южнотаежных лиственничниках разнотравно-зеленомошных Нижнего Приангарья. Анализируются изменения видового состава, проективного покрытия и фитомассы видов напочвенного покрова в течение 3-летнего периода после низовых экспериментальных пожаров разной интенсивности.
О ЛИСТЬЯХ ПЕЛЬТАСПЕРМОВЫХ ИЗ НОВО-КУВАКСКОГО МЕСТОНАХОЖДЕНИЯ ПЕРМСКОЙ ФЛОРЫ (КАЗАНСКИЙ ЯРУС, САМАРСКАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ), "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"
Authors: БУХМАН Л.М. , БУХМАН Н.С. , ГОМАНЬКОВ А.В.
Published: November 2019

Приводится описание некоторых представителей родов Rhachiphyllum, Odontopteridium и Ustyugia, относящихся к трибе Peltaspermopseae сем. Peltaspermaceae и, вероятно, связанных друг с другом филогенетическими отношениями. Описанный материал происходит из Ново-Кувакского местонахождения (Самарская область, нижнеказанский подъярус казанского яруса пермской системы).
Health research in humanitarian crises: an urgent global imperative
Authors: Kohrt Brandon A , Mistry Amit S , Anand Nalini , Beecroft Blythe , Nuwayhid Iman
Published: November 2019

Globally, humanitarian crises—such as armed conflict, forced displacement, natural disasters and major disease outbreaks—affect more people today than at any point in recorded history. These crises have immense acute and long-term health impacts on hundreds of millions of people, predominantly in low and middle-income countries (LMIC), yet the evidence base that informs how humanitarian organisations respond to them is weak. Humanitarian crises are often treated as an outlier in global health. However, they are an increasingly common and widespread driver of health that should be integrated into comprehensive approaches and strategies, especially if we hope to achieve ambitious global health targets such as the Sustainable Development Goals. The academic research community can play an important role in addressing the evidence gap in humanitarian health. There are important scientific questions of high public health relevance that can only be addressed by conducting research in humanitarian settings. While working in these settings is uniquely challenging, there are effective strategies that can be employed, such as using flexible and adaptive research methodologies, partnering with non-governmental organisations and other humanitarian actors, and devoting greater attention to issues of research ethics, community engagement, local LMIC-based partners, building humanitarian research capacity and collaborating across disciplines.
Occupational therapy for people with dementia and their family carers provided at home: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bennett Sally , Laver Kate , Voigt-Radloff Sebastian , Letts Lori , Clemson Lindy , Graff Maud , Wiseman Jodie , Gitlin Laura
Published: November 2019

Objective

To determine the effect of occupational therapy provided at home on activities of daily living, behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and quality of life (QOL) for people with dementia, and the effect on family carer burden, depression and QOL.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

Eight databases were searched to February 2018. Randomised controlled trials of occupational therapy delivered at home for people with dementia and their family carers that measured ADL, and/or BPSD were included. Two independent reviewers determined eligibility, risk of bias and extracted data.

Results

Fifteen trials were included (n=2063). Occupational therapy comprised multiple components (median=8 sessions). Compared with usual care or attention control occupational therapy resulted in improvements in the following outcomes for people with dementia: overall ADL after intervention (standardised means difference (SMD) 0.61, 95% CI 0.16 to 1.05); instrumental ADL alone (SMD 0.22, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.37; moderate quality); number of behavioural and psychological symptoms (SMD −0.32, 95% CI −0.57 to −0.08; moderate quality); and QOL (SMD 0.76, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.24) after the intervention and at follow-up (SMD 1.07, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.55). Carers reported less hours assisting the person with dementia (SMD −0.33, 95% CI −0.58 to −0.07); had less distress with behaviours (SMD −0.23, 95% CI −0.42 to −0.05; moderate quality) and improved QOL (SMD 0.99, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.33; moderate quality). Two studies compared occupational therapy with a comparison intervention and found no statistically significant results. GRADE ratings indicated evidence was very low to moderate quality.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that occupational therapy provided at home may improve a range of important outcomes for people with dementia and their family carers. Health professionals could consider referring them for occupational therapy.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42011001166.
Pathways connecting socioeconomic variables, substance abuse and gambling behaviour: a cross-sectional study on a sample of Italian high-school students
Authors: Buja Alessandra , Mortali Claudia , Mastrobattista Luisa , Minutillo Adele , Pichini Simona , Genetti Bruno , Vian Paolo , Andreotti Alessandra , Grotto Giulia , Baldo Vincenzo , Pacifici Roberta
Published: November 2019

Objectives

The aim of this study was to elucidate the pathway of associations linking gambling, alcohol intake, smoking habit, cannabis consumption between each other and with demographic and socioeconomic variables.

Setting and participants

A survey was conducted in 2017 on a representative sample of 15 602 Italian 14-year-olds to 17-year-olds attending 201 secondary schools.

Outcome measures

Structural Equation Models analysis was used to assess the pathway between gambling, alcohol intake, smoking, cannabis consumption, demographics and socioeconomic factors.

Results

Irrespective of socioeconomic or demographic variables, gambling is positively associated with alcohol and cannabis consumption, while cannabis consumption is predicted by smoking and by alcohol intake, smoking is predicted by alcohol intake. Adolescents with a higher weekly income are more at risk of gambling, drinking alcohol and smoking, while the degree of economic dissatisfaction was positively associated with alcohol intake, cannabis consumption and smoking. Maternal employment appeared to be positively associated with adolescents’ smoking, alcohol intake and cannabis consumption.

Conclusions

This is one of the first studies to shed light on the pathways of associations connecting various health-risk behaviours among adolescents with demographic and socioeconomic factors.
Benefit of carotid revascularisation for women with symptomatic carotid stenosis: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Bereznyakova Olena , Dewar Brian , Dowlatshahi Dar , Howard Virginia , Hamel Candyce , Gocan Sophia , Fedyk Mark , Shamy Michel
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Carotid intervention in the form of endarterectomy or stenting is the current standard of care for the majority of patients with symptomatic high-grade carotid stenosis. However, some randomised controlled trials (RCT) have demonstrated that women benefited significantly less from intervention than men. It is unclear if this is a true phenomenon or a study sampling artefact, as women were severely under-represented in all RCTs of carotid revascularisation. A systematic review is needed to summarise the existing data and to answer the question of whether a women-only trial for symptomatic patients with ipsilateral carotid stenosis is scientifically necessary and ethically permissible.

Methods and analysis

We will systematically search Medline, Embase, PubMed and the Cochrane libraries for all studies with data from RCTs that included women and compared either endarterectomy with stenting or revascularisation (by means of endarterectomy or stenting) with medical therapy in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis. Search dates will be restricted to 1991–2018. Two reviewers will conduct screening search results, study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. We will include all studies reporting outcomes of interest. Planned subgroup analysis based on revascularisation technique, degree of stenosis and timing of intervention from the index event will be conducted with enough data.

Ethics and dissemination

This research is exempt of ethics approval as no primary data will be collected. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated through national and international-level conferences and scientific meetings. The result of this comprehensive review will provide useful information on whether further RCTs are required to study a women-only population with symptomatic carotid disease.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42019134967.
Experiences of informal caregivers after cardiac surgery: a systematic integrated review of qualitative and quantitative studies
Authors: Bjørnnes Ann Kristin , Moons Philip , Parry Monica , Halvorsen Sigrun , Tønnessen Theis , Lie Irene
Published: November 2019

Objectives

To provide a comprehensive synthesis of informal caregivers’ experiences of caring for a significant other following discharge from cardiac surgery.

Design

Systematic integrated review without meta-analysis.

Data sources

A bibliographic search for publications indexed in six databases (Cochrane Library, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED and PsycINFO), including a scan of grey literature sources (GreyNet International, Google Scholar, Web of Science, WorldCat and the Clinical Trials Registry) was conducted in October 2018.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

Studies were included if they described views and perspectives of informal caregivers of cardiac surgery patients (non-intervention studies (qualitative and quantitative)), and the effectiveness of interventions to evaluate support programme for informal caregivers of cardiac surgery patients (intervention studies).

Results

Of the 4912 articles identified in searches, 42 primary research studies were included in a narrative synthesis with 5292 participants, including 3231 (62%) caregivers of whom 2557 (79%) were women. The median sample size across studies was 96 (range 6–734). Three major themes emerged from the qualitative study data: (1) caregiver information needs; (2) caregiver work challenges and (3) caregivers adaption to recovery. Across the observational studies (n=22), similar themes were found. The trend across seven intervention studies focused on caregiver information needs related to patient disease management and symptom monitoring, and support for caregivers to reduce symptoms of emotional distress.

Conclusion

Informal caregivers want to assist in the care of their significant others after hospital discharge postcardiac surgery. However, caregivers feel insecure and overwhelmed and they lack clear/concise discharge information and follow-up support during the early at-home recovery period. The burden of caregiving has been recognised and reported since the early 1990s, but there remains a limited number of studies that assesses the effectiveness of caregiver interventions.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42018096590.
GARFIELD-AF model for prediction of stroke and major bleeding in atrial fibrillation: a Danish nationwide validation study
Authors: Dalgaard Frederik , Pieper Karen , Verheugt Freek , Camm A John , Fox Keith AA , Kakkar Ajay K , Pallisgaard Jannik L , Rasmussen Peter V , Weert Henk van , Lindhardt Tommi Bo , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Gislason Gunnar H , Ruwald Martin H , Harskamp Ralf E
Published: November 2019

Objectives

To externally validate the accuracy of the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) model against existing risk scores for stroke and major bleeding risk in patients with non-valvular AF in a population-based cohort.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Danish nationwide registries.

Participants

90 693 patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular AF were included between 2010 and 2016, with follow-up censored at 1 year.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

External validation was performed using discrimination and calibration plots. C-statistics were compared with CHA2DS2VASc score for ischaemic stroke/systemic embolism (SE) and HAS-BLED score for major bleeding/haemorrhagic stroke outcomes.

Results

Of the 90 693 included, 51 180 patients received oral anticoagulants (OAC). Overall median age (Q1, Q3) were 75 (66–83) years and 48 486 (53.5%) were male. At 1-year follow-up, a total of 2094 (2.3%) strokes/SE, 2642 (2.9%) major bleedings and 10 915 (12.0%) deaths occurred. The GARFIELD-AF model was well calibrated with the predicted risk for stroke/SE and major bleeding. The discriminatory value of GARFIELD-AF risk model was superior to CHA2DS2VASc for predicting stroke in the overall cohort (C-index: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.70 to 0.72 vs C-index: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.66 to 0.68, p<0.001) as well as in low-risk patients (C-index: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.59 to 0.69 vs C-index: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.53 to 0.61, p=0.007). The GARFIELD-AF model was comparable to HAS-BLED in predicting the risk of major bleeding in patients on OAC therapy (C-index: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.66 vs C-index: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.65, p=0.60).

Conclusion

In a nationwide Danish cohort with non-valvular AF, the GARFIELD-AF model adequately predicted the risk of ischaemic stroke/SE and major bleeding. Our external validation confirms that the GARFIELD-AF model was superior to CHA2DS2VASc in predicting stroke/SE and comparable with HAS-BLED for predicting major bleeding.
Group education for adolescents with type 1 diabetes during transition from paediatric to adult care: study protocol for a multisite, randomised controlled, superiority trial (GET-IT-T1D)
Authors: Mok Elise , Henderson Melanie , Dasgupta Kaberi , Rahme Elham , Hajizadeh Mohammad , Bell Lorraine , Prevost Melinda , Frei Jennifer , Nakhla Meranda
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Transition from paediatric to adult care is challenging for adolescents and emerging adults (ages 18 to 30 years) with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This transition is characterised by a deterioration in glycaemic control (haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)), decreased clinical attendance, poor self-management and increased acute T1D-related complications. However, evidence to guide delivery of transition care is lacking. Given the effectiveness of group education in adult diabetes glycaemic control and improvements in qualitative measures in paediatric diabetes, group education is a potentially feasible and cost-effective alternative for the delivery of transition care. In emerging adults with T1D, we aim to assess the effectiveness of group education visits compared with usual care on HbA1c, T1D-related complications, psychosocial measures and cost-effectiveness after the transfer to adult care.

Methods and analysis

In a multisite, assessor-blinded, randomised, two-arm, parallel-group, superiority trial, 212 adolescents with T1D (ages 17 years) are randomised to 12 months group education versus usual T1D care before transfer to adult care. Visits in the active arm consist of group education sessions followed by usual T1D care visits every 3 months. Primary outcome is change in HbA1c measured at 24 months. Secondary outcomes are delays in establishing adult diabetes care, T1D-related hospitalisations and emergency department visits, severe hypoglycaemia, stigma, self-efficacy, diabetes knowledge, transition readiness, diabetes distress, quality of life and cost-effectiveness at 12 and 24 months follow-up. Analysis will be by intention-to-treat. Change in HbA1c will be calculated and compared between arms using differences (95% CI), along with cost-effectiveness analysis. A similar approach will be conducted to examine between-arm differences in secondary outcomes.

Ethics and dissemination

The study was approved by McGill University Health Centre Research Ethics Board (GET-IT/MP-37-2019-4434, version ‘Final 1.0 from November 2018). Study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications.

Trial registration number

NCT03703440.
Seasonal variability of lung function and Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire Scores in adults with uncontrolled asthma
Authors: Bauer Rebecca N , Yang Xiaoying , Staton Tracy L , Olsson Julie , Holweg Cecile T J , Arron Joseph R , Matthews John G , Choy David F
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Asthma exacerbations spike in the spring and autumn months, yet the seasonal variation of asthma symptoms and lung function is poorly studied.

Methods

Seasonal variation of lung function, rescue medication use and patient-reported symptoms was evaluated byposthocanalyses of the Phase III lebrikizumab (anti-IL-13) LAVOLTA I and II studies in 2148 subjects with uncontrolled asthma. Lung function measurements (prebronchodilator FEV1, forced vital capacity (FVC) and peak expiratory flow (PEF)), rescue medication use and Standardised Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ(S)) were measured every 4 weeks over 52 weeks. By-month estimates normalised by hemispheric season were based on mixed-effect models with repeated measures (MMRM), adjusted by study stratification factors as covariates when appropriate. The dependency of clinical outcomes with seasonal variability was assessed by employing linear contrasts comparing hemisphere normalised December versus July group means from an MMRM regression and presented as the difference in means (adjusted 95% CI).

Results

FEV1, FVC and PEF, rescue medication use and AQLQ(S) progressively worsened towards winter, unlike spring and autumn surges in asthma exacerbations. The December versus July mean differences were: (1) PEF=−6.5 (–8.7 to –4.2) L/min, 2) prebronchodilator FEV1=−42 (–57 to –27) mL, (3) FVC=−41 (−59 to –23) mL and (4) AQLQ(S)=−0.15 (–0.19 to –0.1) units. Among AQLQ questions, discomfort or distress related to cough was most variable with respect to season (−0.33 (−0.42 to –0.24) units).

Discussion

Interpretation of interventional studies biased by seasonal exposures may be confounded by seasonal variability.

Trials registration numbers

NCT01867125andNCT01868061.
Skeletal muscle mass in relation to 10 year cardiovascular disease incidence among middle aged and older adults: the ATTICA study
Authors: Tyrovolas Stefanos , Panagiotakos Demosthenes , Georgousopoulou Ekavi , Chrysohoou Christina , Tousoulis Dimitrios , Haro Josep Maria , Pitsavos Christos
Published: November 2019

Background

Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) is inversely associated with cardiometabolic health and the ageing process. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the relation between SMM and 10 year cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence, among CVD-free adults 45+ years old.

Methods

ATTICA is a prospective, population-based study that recruited 3042 adults without pre-existing CVD from the Greek general population (Caucasians; age ≥18 years; 1514 men). The 10 year study follow-up (2011–2012) captured the fatal/non-fatal CVD incidence in 2020 participants (50% men). The working sample consisted of 1019 participants, 45+ years old (men: n=534; women: n=485). A skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was created to reflect SMM, using appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) standardised by body mass index (BMI). ASM and SMI were calculated with specific indirect population formulas.

Results

The 10 year CVD incidence increased significantly across the baseline SMI tertiles (p<0.001). Baseline SMM showed a significant inverse association with the 10 year CVD incidence (HR 0.06, 95% CI 0.005 to 0.78), even after adjusting for various confounders. Additionally, participants in the highest SMM tertile had 81% (95% CI 0.04 to 0.85) lower risk for a CVD event as compared with those in the lowest SMM tertile.

Conclusions

The presented findings support the importance of SMM evaluation in the prediction of long-term CVD risk among adults 45+ years old without pre-existing CVD. Preservation of SMM may contribute to CVD health.
Safety and efficacy of an open-cell stent and double-balloon protection for unstable plaques: analysis of 184 consecutive carotid artery stentings
Authors: Funakoshi Yusuke , Imamura Hirotoshi , Tani Shoichi , Adachi Hidemitsu , Fukumitsu Ryu , Sunohara Tadashi , Omura Yoshihiro , Matsui Yuichi , Sasaki Natsuhi , Fukuda Tatsumaru , Akiyama Ryo , Horiuchi Kazufumi , Kajiura Shinji , Shigeyasu Masashi , Iihara Koji , Sakai Nobuyuki
Published: November 2019

Introduction

In our institute, most cases of carotid artery stenosis are treated by carotid artery stenting (CAS) with an open-cell stent and double-balloon protection, even if plaques are unstable. This study was performed to examine the outcome of CAS with an open-cell stent and double-balloon protection for unstable plaques.

Methods

A total of 184 CAS procedures in our institute between October 2010 and February 2018 were assessed. Ultrasonography findings of low-echo plaques, plaque ulceration, or both were defined as unstable plaques. A plaque-to-muscle ratio (PMR) of >1.8 on T1-weighted black blood imaging using spin-echo was also defined as an unstable plaque. Seventy-four unstable plaques on ultrasonography and 86 unstable plaques evaluated by PMR were included. Open-cell stents and double-balloon protection (proximal balloon protection during lesion crossing and distal balloon protection after lesion crossing) were used in all cases.

Results

On ultrasonography, perioperative asymptomatic thromboembolization was significantly more frequent in the unstable plaque group (39/74, 52.7%) than in the stable plaque group (41/110, 37.3%, p=0.0384). Asymptomatic thromboembolization was also significantly more frequent in the PMR >1.8 group (44/86, 51.2%) than in the PMR <1.8 group (36/98, 36.7%, p=0.0489). However, symptomatic thromboembolization was rare (n=5, 2.7%), and all of these patients had minor stroke. During the 4-year follow-up, the risk of ipsilateral stroke was 0.28% and 0.27% per year in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic lesions, respectively.

Conclusions

The outcomes of CAS with an open-cell stent and double-balloon protection are acceptable. This method is effective and safe, even if carotid artery stenosis comprises unstable plaques.
MRI-guided pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation: what is good enough? An early health technology assessment
Authors: Wenker Steven , van Lieshout Chris , Frederix Geert , van der Heijden Jeroen , Loh Peter , Chamuleau Steven A J , van Slochteren Frebus
Published: November 2019

Next to anticoagulation, pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the most important interventional procedure in the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). Despite widespread clinical application of this therapy, patients often require multiple procedures to reach clinical success. In contrast to conventional imaging modalities, MRI allows direct visualisation of the ablation lesion. Therefore, the use of real-time MRI to guide cardiac electrophysiology procedures may increase clinical effectiveness. An essential aspect, from a decision-making point of view, is the effect on costs and the potential cost-effectiveness of new technologies. Generally, health technology assessment (HTA) studies are performed when innovations are close to clinical application. However,earlystage HTA can inform users, researchers and funders about the ultimate clinical and economic potential of a future innovation. Ultimately, this can guide funding allocation. In this study, we performed an early HTA evaluate MRI-guided PVIs.

Methods

We performed an economic evaluation using a decision tree with a time-horizon of 1 year. We calculated theclinical effectiveness(defined as the proportion of patients that is long-term free of AF after a single procedure) required for MRI-guided PVI to be cost-effective compared with conventional treatment.

Results

Depending on thecost-effectiveness threshold(willingness to pay for one additional quality-of-life adjusted life year (QALY), interventional MRI (iMRI) guidance for PVI can be cost-effective if clinical effectiveness is 69.8% (at €80 000/QALY) and 77.1% (at €20 000/QALY), compared with 64% for fluoroscopy-guided procedures.

Conclusion

Using an early HTA, we established a clinical effectiveness threshold for interventional MRI-guided PVIs that can inform a clinical implementation strategy. If crucial technologies are developed, it seems plausible that iMRI-guided PVIs will be able to reach this threshold.
Quantifying forest loss and forest degradation in Myanmar’s “home of teak”
Authors: Kyaw Thu Ya , Germain René H. , Stehman Stephen V. , Quackenbush Lindi J.
Published: November 2019

The Bago Mountain Range in Myanmar is known as the “home of teak” (Tectona grandis L. f.) because of its bountiful, naturally growing teak-bearing forests. Accelerating forest loss and degradation are threatening the sustainable production of teak in the region. Changes in land cover between 2000 and 2017 in four reserved forests of the Bago Mountain Range were mapped using supervised classification of Landsat imagery and training data collected in the field. A stratified random sample was used to collect reference data to assess accuracy of the maps and estimate area. Based on the reference sample, it was estimated that the forest area declined from 71 240 ha (standard error (SE) = 1524 ha) in 2000 to 40 891 ha (SE = 4404 ha) in 2017, whereas the area of degraded forests increased from 88 797 ha (SE = 1694 ha) to 97 013 ha (SE = 5395 ha). The annualized rates of gross forest loss and gross forest degradation were 1.03% and 0.97%, respectively, indicating that forest degradation paralleled forest loss. In many degraded areas, there is an opportunity to ameliorate the situation through silviculture. The 2017 map identifies bamboo-dominated degraded forests where enrichment planting or reforestation is recommended.
Isolation and identification of salt-tolerant plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria and their application for rice cultivation under salt stress
Authors: Sultana Shahnaz , Paul Sumonta C. , Parveen Samia , Alam Saiful , Rahman Naziza , Jannat Bushra , Hoque Sirajul , Rahman Mohammad Tariqur , Karim Muhammad Manjurul
Published: November 2019

Growth and productivity of rice are negatively affected by soil salinity. However, some salt-tolerant rhizosphere-inhabiting bacteria can improve salt resistance of plants, thereby augmenting plant growth and production. Here, we isolated a total of 53 plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from saline and non-saline areas in Bangladesh where electrical conductivity was measured as >7.45 and <1.80 dS/m, respectively. Bacteria isolated from saline areas were able to grow in a salt concentration of up to 2.60 mol/L, contrary to the isolates collected from non-saline areas that did not survive beyond 854 mmol/L. Among the salt-tolerant isolates, Bacillus aryabhattai, Achromobacter denitrificans, and Ochrobactrum intermedium, identified by comparing respective sequences of 16S rRNA using the NCBI GenBank, exhibited a higher amount of atmospheric nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and indoleacetic acid production at 200 mmol/L salt stress. Salt-tolerant isolates exhibited greater resistance to heavy metals and antibiotics, which could be due to the production of an exopolysaccharide layer outside the cell surface. Oryza sativa L. fertilized with B. aryabhattai MS3 and grown under 200 mmol/L salt stress was found to be favoured by enhanced expression of a set of at least four salt-responsive plant genes: BZ8, SOS1, GIG, and NHX1. Fertilization of rice with osmoprotectant-producing PGPR, therefore, could be a climate-change-preparedness strategy for coastal agriculture.
The preparation and characterization of one-dimensional TiO2 nanostructure by hydrothermal method
Authors: Yu Lin , Xu Yuan-Yuan , Zhao Jing , Xiao Jin , Xu Wei-Long
Published: November 2019

Titanium dioxide ([Formula: see text]) is a kind of wide bandgap transparent metal oxide semiconductor and has shown great potential applications in photocatalysis, gas sensors and biomedical fields due to its superior properties, such as nontoxic, high photocatalytic efficiency and physicochemical stability. In this work, one-dimensional [Formula: see text] nanostructure was successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. The morphology and crystalline quality of [Formula: see text] were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The results demonstrate that the structure of [Formula: see text] evolved from “flower-like” structure to nanowire with the acid concentration increment. The sintering temperature has an important effect on the structure and crystalline quality of [Formula: see text]. The crystalline quality of [Formula: see text] nanobelt was improved with the annealing temperature increment. When the sintering temperature increased to 1000[Formula: see text]C, the phase of [Formula: see text] would transfer from anatase to rutile.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Combined Expansion Tube-Axial Splitting as Impact Energy Absorbers
Authors: Pratiknyo Yuwono Budi , Setiawan Rachman , Wayan Suweca I.
Published: November 2019

In this study, the combination of an expansion tube and a deformable rigid tube with axial splitting is developed as a new mechanism for use as an impact energy absorber. The impact absorbing structure consists of two circular tube forming dies, with each die allowing the tube to expand and to split. The latter is used to remove away radially the debris after expansion and splitting, so that the absorption process can continue without being obstructed by the debris itself. This paper presents the experimental and theoretical investigation of the combined expansion tube-axial splitting as an impact energy absorber. The experiment by the laboratory scale impact testing has been done with a variation of the parameters such as pipe thickness ([Formula: see text], angle of splitter ([Formula: see text], comparison of dies upgrading diameter ([Formula: see text] and inner pipe diameter ([Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]. The theoretical investigation is carried out with a literature study related to the mechanics of material and theoretical studies from previous research studies. The final result of this paper, i.e. a new formula proposed to calculate the mean load, is reflective of the study of a combined expansion tube with axial splitting. The difference between the results of analytical calculation and experiments is 10.13%.