bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The public: consumers or citizens? Participatory initiatives and the reform of public service media regulation in Germany
Authors: Horz Christine
Published: January 2017

The German federal interstate treaties, as the regulatory framework for public service media (PSM), have recently been under reform. The starting point of the amendments is the so-called ZDF decision of the German Federal Constitutional Court from the 25th of March, 2014. The Federal Constitutional Court was confronted with the question of whether the composition of the broadcasting council in the second biggest public service broadcasting station in Germany, the ZDF (Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen, Second German Television), is compliant with the constitution. This resulted in reforms of numerous regulatory regimes in several German federal states. This article compares the decision-making process related to the WDR (Westdeutscher Rundfunk, West-German Broadcasting) (whose legislator is Northrhine-Westfalia) and the ZDF (whose legislator is Rhineland-Palatinate), the two biggest PSM broadcasters in Germany. In the case of these two German federal states, this paper strives to provide insight into the strategies of the state chancellery, the responsible legislative authorities, to negotiate a new regulatory framework. The paper also discusses the issue of the “implied audience” during the negotiations and civil society’s participation in media policy debates and media governance. The analysis is based on a systematization of the citizen and the consumer in media policy. This working hypothesis assumes that the implied image of the audience differs in the two federal states. The negotiations in Rhineland-Palatinate can be described as ambivalent in terms of how it understood the audience, whereas Northrhine-Westfalia rather addressed the audience as citizens. The study suggests that the ZDF decision created a momentum for broader media policy debates in Germany, which has long been a neglected issue, both in civil society and media regulation – as well as in communication studies.
O rádio educativo na percepção de professores da educação básica – O caso rádio escolar do Programa Mais Educação
Authors: Patrício Edgard
Published: January 2017

As políticas públicas de literacia mediática ganham relevo frente às transformações dos modos de se fazer comunicação. E a efetividade dessas políticas, no âmbito da educação básica, pode esbarrar na receptividade dos professores. Este artigo analisa a percepção de professores da rede pública de ensino de Fortaleza (Brasil) sobre o rádio educativo e a orientação que eles adotam no desenvolvimento das atividades curriculares. A pesquisa foi realizada em 2014, em 21 escolas integradas ao Programa Mais Educação (PME). O PME, implantado em 2007 pelo Ministério da Educação, pretende desenvolver uma política de educação integral para as escolas. Uma das atividades ofertadas é a de rádio escolar, pelo macrocampo “Comunicação e Uso de Mídias”. Foram realizadas 124 entrevistas, entre coordenadores do Mais Educação, professores e estudantes. As entrevistas foram realizadas a partir de um questionário de 63 questões. Para esse artigo, focamos na análise de 31 entrevistas com professores de escolas da rede pública que fizeram opção pela rádio escolar como atividade. Os resultados da análise apontam um baixo índice de participação dos professores no funcionamento da rádio escolar, uma percepção de aprendizagem ainda voltada apenas para o letramento e dificuldades na aproximação entre rádio escolar e sala de aula.
Financiamento do serviços públicos de radiodifusão e o direito da União Europeia
Authors: Trouillard Pauline
Published: January 2017

Um protocolo anexado ao Tratado de Amesterdão, relativo à radiodifusão pública, determina que os Estados-Membros são livres para financiar o Serviço Público de Radiodifusão, desde que não afete a concorrência na União Europeia a um nível contrário ao interesse comum. Como resultado dessa condição, a Comissão Europeia realiza um teste de proporcionalidade para verificar se não existe compensação excessiva ou efeitos desproporcionais do financiamento público. Fá-lo, no entanto, adotando um controle global que considera todos os programas da emissora pública como parte da missão de serviço público. Tal controlo é problemático porque não tem em conta a distinção entre serviços comerciais e programas de serviço público, nem a qualidade real dos programas. A Comissão concentra o seu controlo sobre o mercado publicitário, certificando-se de que os organismos públicos de radiodifusão não aproveitam o financiamento público para reduzir o preço das taxas de publicidade. A liberdade de que as emissoras públicas usufruem para disponibilizar quaisquer tipos de programas, desde que respeitem o mercado publicitário, revelou ser contrária ao interesse do cidadão.
Teaching Subtitling at Jordanian Universities: An Untapped Territory
Authors: Al-Dabbagh Ula K.
Published: January 2017

The impact of globalization and the advent of satellite channels and digital technology have played an instrumental role in changing the audiovisual translation scene in Jordan. During the last two decades, the subtitling industry has flourished at an exponential rate as manifested in the number of institutions engaged in this form of translation, the quantity of multimodal texts commissioned for translation and the widening remit of translation activities conducted under the rubric of subtitling. The marked development in the subtitling industry, however, has not received adequate support from the academic institutions in the country. Departments that award undergraduate degrees in translation rarely teach courses in subtitling, and research conducted on the pedagogy of this kind of translation is almost nonexistent. This paper argues that courses in subtitling should be incorporated in the translation studies curricula offered at Jordanian universities not because these courses are an embellishment but because the benefits accrued from teaching this mode of translation are multifaceted. The paper highlights these benefits and examines whether the feedback from students exposed to subtitling activities reflects the importance of integrating this mode of audiovisual translation in BA translation programs offered at Jordanian universities.
An Investigation into Listening Comprehension Strategies and the Relationship between Listening Comprehension Strategies and Overall Proficiency Level of Intermediate and Advanced Learners
Authors: Kazemi Ali , Kiamarsi Soraya
Published: January 2017

Research into the role of listening strategies in acquiring knowledge of language has attracted increasing attention over last decades. The current study sought to determine the strategies used by intermediate and advanced learners. It also attempted to investigate the relationship between learners’ overall language proficiency and their choice of strategy. To this end, two language institutes were randomly selected in Yasouj. A Quick Placement Test was validated and administered. Based on the results, 30 intermediate and 30 advanced EFL learners were selected. Two listening tasks were given to each group. Think-aloud technique was used in order to elicit learners’ listening strategies. The protocols were coded by two raters in order to yield more reliable results. The data analyzed through descriptive statistics showed that advanced learners employed more listening comprehension strategies than intermediate listeners did. It was shown that advanced learners employed meta-cognitive strategies more frequently than cognitive and socio-affective strategies. However, intermediate language learners employed cognitive, and then social/affective strategies more frequently. The findings of the present study indicated that there was a relationship between overall listening proficiency of language learners and listening strategies employed by them.
Study on Hypertext Reading in Students’ Autonomous Learning
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Qin Jie
Published: January 2017

The study was conducted on 100 non-English major sophomores for one semester in a University of Shanxi Province in China with the purpose to explore the variation of sophomore’s learning achievements through hypertext English reading based on Schematic Theory and Constructionist Theory. The results show that hypertext reading is beneficial to improve students’ learning, which is consistent with the conclusion that hypertext reading model is relatively a feasible and efficient way to improve students’ autonomous learning and achievement.
A Lacanian Reading of the Poem of “On Chilliness Inside” by Ahmad Shamloo
Authors: Moradi Narges , Taslimi Ali , Darloo Mohammad Ali Khazane
Published: January 2017

Lacan links psychoanalysis and linguistic to explain the unconscious manner, using the theories of Freud and Ferdinand de Saussure. According to Lacan’s view .the unconscious manner, is the basic of the existence and it forms from childhood. The subject” or the Child, enters to “The symbolic order”, after crossing “The imaginary order”. In “The symbolic order”, “The subject” experiences the “Lack” of union of the mother. “The subject” tries to return to childhood and the first companion form, but in “The symbolic order” it is not possible, as the establishment of the language and its domination on the child dictates such a behavior. There for “the subject” by appealing to “The object petite” like “Love” and “beloved” tries to approach to “the imaginary order”. This article first inspects Lacan’s verbal unconscious theory about “The subject”, then how this theory will become the concept of the poem of Ahmad Shamloo," On Chilliness Inside”.
Baroque Trauerspiel in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet: A Rejection of Aristotelian Tragedy
Authors: Mostafalou Abouzar , Moradi Hossein
Published: January 2017

Tragedy, as a literary genre and a high form of literature, deals with lives of noble people. This type of drama is rooted in Aristotle’s formulation which later has resulted into theory of drama known as Freytag's Pyramid. This model of drama which follows Greek version of tragedy has some common features including unity of time, place, and action. Moreover, the elements of death, language, and melancholy have been treated in the conventional ways in the genre f tragedy. However, Walter Benjamin, the German philosopher and critic has opposed to the dominance of tragedy, and developed an independent genre called Trauer Trauerspiel in which ordinary people get to be the center of the play. Unlike tragedy which is based on myth, Trauer Trauerspiel is based on history that depicts the reality of life. Moreover, this genre has the trace of postmodern literature in which language has no meaning; death is treated in non-religious way, and melancholy is no longer considered to be a mental disease. By the same token, it could be claimed that Shakespeare’s Hamlet, as a dominant form of tragedy, can no longer be considered as tragedy; since it repulses conventions of tragedy and Freytag's Pyramid,  it belongs to a new genre, Trauer Trauerspiel in which Greek dramas’ features can be dethroned and replaced by postmodern aspects of drama.
Accuracy and Precision of Polysemous Judgment Terms in Legal Translation: A Corpus-based Method and Discussion
Authors: Lan Yanzhen
Published: January 2017

The primary goals of this paper are on one hand to emphasize the accuracy and precision of legal translation, on the other hand to describe the superiority of a corpus-based method and discussion in legal translation. It is beneficial to both practice of legal translation and study of corpus linguistics further to ensure the accuracy and precision of translation of polysemous judgment terms in legal translation.
Estimations of the parameters of generalised exponential distribution under progressive interval type-I censoring scheme with random removals
Authors: Kaushik Arun , Pandey Aakriti , Maurya Sandeep Kumar , Singh Umesh , Singh Sanjay Kumar
Published: January 2017

The present article aims to point and interval estimation of the parameters of generalised exponential distribution (GED) under progressive interval type-I (PITI) censoring scheme with random removals. The considered censoring scheme is most useful in those cases where continuous examination is not possible. Maximum likelihood, expectation-maximization and Bayesian procedures have been developed for the estimation of parameters of the GED, based on a PITI censored sample. Real datasets have been considered to illustrate the applicability of the proposed work. Further, we have compared the performances of the proposed estimators under PITI censoring to that of the complete sample.
CPP-ACP: Effect on Dental Plaque Acidity after Water Rinsing Following Topical Fluoride Therapy
Authors: Fatemeh Mazhari , Marjan Sharifi , Homa Noorollahian , Mahsa Sharifi
Published: January 2017

Objectives: There is some evidence that water rinsing immediately after topical fluoride therapy has the potential to reduce the effectiveness of fluoride. The aim was to determine if covering fluoridated teeth with a layer of mousse containing CPP-ACP could prevent the adverse effect of rinsing on fluoride and consequently its buffering effect on dental plaque pH during cariogenic challenge. Study design: This randomized, controlled, crossover, in situ study was conducted on 25 participants. The participants were subjected to acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) application followed by five treatment protocols: (1) water rinsing after 30 minutes (APF-30) or (2) immediate water rinsing (APF-0); (3) using CPP-ACP immediately before water rinsing (F-CPP-ACP); and two control groups: (4) no fluoride therapy (No-F) and (5) using CPP-ACP and immediate water rinsing (CPP-ACP-0). After 48 hours, teeth were rinsed with 10% sucrose solution and plaque pH was measured before and after 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 minutes. Results: The least pH changes, the lowest pH drop, and the quickest pH recovery were found in the APF-30 and F-CPP-ACP groups. APF-0 ranked in the middle and the highest values were in the control groups. Conclusions: The results show that in the case using CPP-ACP on fluoridated teeth, water rinsing immediately after topical fluoride therapy did not seem to influence the inhibitory effect of fluoride on plaque acidity.
Effect of Silver Nanoparticle-Added Pit and Fissure Sealant in the Prevention of Dental Caries in Children
Authors: Salas-López Enid Karina , Pierdant-Pérez Mauricio , Hernández-Sierra Juan Francisco , Ruíz Facundo , Mandeville Peter , Pozos-Guillén Amaury J.
Published: January 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of pit and fissure sealant mixed with silver nanoparticles on dental caries, by means of monthly measurement of fluorescence with DIAGNOdent over six months. Study Design: This study was divided in two phases: experimental and clinical. In the experimental phase, the adhesion and microleakage of the pit and fissure sealant experiment were evaluated. Two groups of 10 teeth, without serious carious lesions, were included. Conventional (group A) and silver nanoparticles (group B) were added to the pit and fissure sealant. For the clinical phase, a split-mouth study was performed on 40 children aged 6-10 years old with healthy, erupted permanent first molars. A conventional pit and fissure sealant or a silver nanoparticle-mixed sealant was randomly placed. Repeated measures analysis was performed. Results: Conventional sealant presented an average microleakage of 30.6%, and the silver nanoparticle-mixed sealant showed 33.6% (P=NS). A three times greater reduction in fluorescence was found in the silver nanoparticles group compared to the conventional group (P<0.05). No sex- or age-based associations were found. Conclusions: The silver nanoparticle-mixed sealant reduced tooth demineralization significantly and likely increased remineralization, compared to the conventional sealant.
Microleakage Evaluation of Composite Restorations Following Papain-Based Chemo-Mechanical Caries Removal in Primary Teeth
Authors: Hafez Marwa Abdel , Elkateb Mona , El Shabrawy Sonia , Mahmoud Amel , El Meligy Omar
Published: January 2017

Aim: To evaluate the microleakage of composite restorations following Papain-based chemo-mechanical caries removal compared to the conventional drilling method. The characteristic of the hybrid layer was also studied using scanning electron microscopy. Study design: The sample included thirty freshly extracted and exfoliated primary molars with open proximal carious dentin lesions. Teeth were divided into two equal groups, according to method of caries removal. Following caries removal, cavity preparations were restored with composite resin. After thermocycling, teeth were sealed apically and coated with nail polish except the surface of restorations and the surrounding 1mm. Teeth were immersed in basic fuschin dye solution, then they were sectioned mesiodistally. The extent of dye penetration was detected using a light stereomicroscope. After microleakage test, the resin/dentin interface was examined using scanning electron microscopy. Results: There was no significant difference in the degree of leakage between both groups. In the Papacarie group, longer and numerous resin tags were observed with statistically significant thicker hybrid layer than those following the drilling method. However, there was no significant difference between the diameters of resin tags of both groups. Conclusions: Papacarie does not adversely affect the microleakage of composite restorations and provides a suitable surface for bonding.
Does Addition of Propolis to Glass Ionomer Cement Alter its Physicomechanical Properties? An In Vitro Study
Authors: Subramaniam P , Girish Babu KL , Neeraja G , Pillai S
Published: January 2017

Propolis is a natural resinous substance produced by honey bees. The antimicrobial effects of glass ionomer cement have been shown to improve with the addition of propolis; however its effect on the physicomechanical properties of the cement is not known. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the compressive strength and solubility of conventional restorative glass ionomer cement following the addition of propolis. Study design: Twenty half cylindrical samples were prepared with conventional restorative glass ionomer cement formed the control group. Another twenty samples were prepared with propolis added to conventional restorative glass ionomer cement formed the experimental group. The compressive strength was assessed using universal testing machine. To assess solubility, the samples were immersed in deionised water at room temperature, for 7 days. The solubility was measured as a difference in the weight of the sample; prior to immersion and following immersion at the end of each day. Results: The control group had a significantly higher mean compressive strength of 146.26 Mpa as compared to the experimental group (135.06 Mpa). The solubility between the groups was significant. Conclusion: In comparison to the control group, incorporation of propolis to conventional restorative glass ionomer cement decreased the compressive strength significantly. The solubility of the cement in the experimental group increased significantly over 7day period as compared to the control group.
Salivary Alkaline Phosphatase as a Noninvasive Marker for Periodontal Disease in Children with Uncontrolled Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sridharan Srirangarajan , Sravani Paruchuri , Satyanarayan Aparna , Kiran K , Shetty Varun
Published: January 2017

Objective: The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether salivary alkaline phosphatase levels can be a non invasive marker for early inflammatory periodontal disease in children with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus. Study design: 10 healthy children (group 1), 10 children with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus (group 2) and 10 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus for more than 4 years (group 3) were recruited for the study. All three groups were matched for age, gender and socioeconomic status. Periodontal health was assessed by plaque index, gingival index and probing pocket depth. Metabolic status was assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin levels, salivary alkaline phosphatase levels were determined by spectrophotometer. Data was analyzed by Kruskal Wallis ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation method. Results: Salivary alkaline phosphatase levels correlated significantly with the periodontal parameters in the diabetic group. An increase in salivary alkaline phosphatase levels increased with increased values of gingival index and probing pocket depth. Group 3 showed greater correlation than group 2 and group 1. At p value p<0.05. Conclusion: The glycemic status of the children affects the periodontal disease parameters. Salivary alkaline phosphatase levels could be a useful tool in analyzing periodontal status of children with uncontrolled type I diabetes mellitus.
Effects of Combined Bonded Maxillary Expansion and Face Mask on Dental Arch Length in Patients with Skeletal Class III Malocclusions
Authors: Uzuner Fatma Deniz , Öztürk Duygu , Varlık Selin Kale
Published: January 2017

Objective: To evaluate the effects of combined rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and face mask (FM) therapy during the mixed dentition period on the dental arch length in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion. Study Design: We evaluated pre- and post-treatment orthodontic models of 52 patients (25 girls, 27 boys) aged 8–12 years with skeletal Class III malocclusion(ANB<0) accompanied by maxillary transverse deficiency and retrognatism treated by bonded RME-FM therapy for a mean duration of 8 months. Palatal rugae, the cusp tips of permanent first molars, deciduous molars/permanent premolars, deciduous canines and the incisal edges of permanent central incisors were marked on orthodontic models, which were then photocopied. Inter-molar, inter-premolar and inter-canine widths; the arch length; the arch depth and molar and incisor sagittal movements were measured on these photocopies. Statistical comparisons were made using paired t-tests. Results: Inter-molar, inter-premolar and inter-canine widths and the arch length showed significant increases after treatment, while the arch depth showed a significant decrease (p<0.001 for all). Conclusions: With the study limitations, our results suggest that combined RME-FM therapy increases the arch length in the mixed dentition of patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion.
Results and Implications of the FIRE AND ICE Trial
Authors: Kuck Karl-Heinz , Schlüter Michael ,   Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany,   Asklepios Proreseach, Hamburg, Germany
Published: January 2017

Whilst radiofrequency ablation is widely considered the “gold standard” for pulmonary-vein isolation, cryoballoon ablation is considered easier to perform. The aim of the randomised, multicentre FIRE AND ICE trial was to demonstrate, in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, the non-inferiority of cryoballoon ablation with respect to the time to a first documented clinical failure within 1 year outside a 90-day “blanking period” after the index ablation. This editorial gives an overview of the trial and its findings.
Role of Imaging in Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection – A Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Kalavakunta Jagadeesh K , Hajjar Mohammad , Chandrashekar Rakshita , Agrawal Yashwant , Gourineni Nandu , Fischell Tim A ,   Interventional Cardiolgist,   Fellow,   Resident Physician, Department of Internal Medicine/Pediatrics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, US,   Resident Physician, Department of Internal Medicine/Pediatrics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, US,   Interventional Cardiologist, Department of Cardiology, Michigan State University/Sparrow Hospital, East Lansing, Michigan, US,   Professor, Department of Cardiology, Michigan State University/Borgess Medical Center, East Lansing, Michigan, US
Published: January 2017

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare cause of acute ischaemic coronary events. It usually occurs during pregnancy or in the post-partum period in young women who have no traditional risk factors for coronary artery disease. We present two cases of SCAD in post-partum young women, who presented acutely with chest pain. Both underwent coronary angiography after worsening cardiac biomarkers. We utilised intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in the first case, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the second case in order to confirm the diagnosis, define the anatomy and to measure the lesion length. This also serves to review the current literature and the available guidelines for treatment options for SCAD. We conclude that it is important to suspect SCAD as a cause of acute coronary syndrome in young female patients who present with chest pain especially in the post-partum period. These case studies also suggest a valuable role for IVUS and/or OCT in suspected cases of SCAD. This imaging is helpful in confirmation of the diagnosis, and allows optimal and precise treatment.
The Role of Noninvasive Neuromodulation in Migraine Management
Authors: Puledda Francesca , Goadsby Peter J ,   National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust King’s Clinical Research Facility, King’s College London, UK,   Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy,   National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust King’s Clinical Research Facility, King’s College London, UK
Published: January 2017

Neuromodulation represents an exciting new approach that is being increasingly used as both acute and preventative treatment for migraine, providing a valid alternative option for patients for whom traditional drugs have failed, or for those who do not tolerate their side effects. This brief review aims at describing noninvasive neuromodulation techniques, which are currently the most used in clinical practice, specifically focusing on transcranial magnetic stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation and supraorbital nerve stimulation.
Comparison of diagnostic yield and complications of bronchoscopy, closed pleural biopsy and medical thoracoscopic pleural biopsies in undiagnosed pleural effusions
Authors: Rennis Kizhakkepeedika Davis , Bibin Jaboy , Thomas Vadakkan , Krishnakumar Easwaramangalath Venugopal
Published: January 2017

Background: Undiagnosed exudative pleural effusion is a commonly encountered clinical scenario, which requires further evaluation. This study was aimed to analyze the diagnostic yield and complications of three procedures- Bronchoscopy, closed (Abram’s) pleural biopsy and medical thoracoscopy. Further, this study assessed whether combining closed pleural biopsy with bronchoscopy can be a substitute for medical thoracoscopy.Methods: An observational study was conducted among people with undiagnosed exudative pleural effusion. Initially, closed pleural biopsies were performed with Abrams needle and multiple tissue fragments were taken through the incision and the samples were sent in formalin to the laboratory for histopathology examination. For thoracoscopy, a cannula of 10 mm diameter with blunt trocar was inserted into the pleural cavity and semi rigid thoracoscope was introduced through the trocar. Bronchoscopy was performed 48 hours after thoracoscopy. Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were calculated and compared.Results: Out of 25 people, 14 were diagnosed to have malignancy and 7 were diagnosed tuberculosis. The overall sensitivity of the three procedures were 28.5% for closed pleural biopsy, 14.2% for bronchoscopy, 95.2% for medical thoracoscopy, 42.8% for the combined pleural biopsy and bronchoscopy. The complication rate was lowest for bronchoscopy (4%), followed by medical thoracoscopy (8%) and closed pleural biopsy (16%).Conclusions: Medical thoracoscopy is a comparatively safe procedure which has got the highest sensitivity for the diagnosis of undiagnosed exudative pleural effusions. Bronchoscopy combined with closed pleural biopsy, the diagnostic yield was increased (than that of individual yield), but cannot be a substitute for medical thoracoscopy.
Comparison of two insertion techniques of classic laryngeal mask airway: standard versus 90-degree rotation
Authors: Raghavan P. , P. Mithun Raju , T. Arnold Plazid
Published: January 2017

Background: Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) devices have been widely utilized as an alternative to tracheal intubation in various clinical situations. The rotation technique has been suggested to improve the insertion success rate of laryngeal masks. The objective of the present study was to compare the ease of insertion of laryngeal mask in terms of, success rate at the first attempt, number of LMA insertion attempts, time duration of LMA insertion and complications like blood stain on LMA and sore throat.Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted to compare the success rate of insertion at the first attempts between standard technique and 90 degree rotational technique at Department of Anaesthesiology, Amala institute of medical sciences, Thrissur, India during the period from March 2014-september 2015. A total of 160 patients each group consisting of 80 was included in the study after meeting inclusion criteria. Success rate of insertion at first attempts, number of insertion attempts, and insertion time of successful attempt, overall success rate, blood staining of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and postoperative sore throat were recorded.Results: Significant difference was existed between the two groups with regard to gender. Statistically insignificant differences were observed for demographics like age, weight, ASA grades between the two study groups. Significant differences were observed among the study groups on all findings of LMA insertion. Statistically insignificant difference was detected for the time of duration of LMA insertion and change in heart rate, but mean arterial pressure was found statistically significant between the two groups.Conclusions: This study found that 90 degree rotational technique has high success rate of insertion at first attempt & is less traumatic than standard technique.
Cardiac evaluation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients by ECHO and its correlation with different grades of severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Kaur Sukhdeep , Khurana Ashok , Dhoat Preeti Singh , Mohan Gurinder
Published: January 2017

Background: COPD is proven to be a multisystem disorder among which cardiac manifestation are most common. Echocardiography provides a rapid, non-invasive, portable, and accurate method to evaluate the cardiac changes. The aim of this study was to assess the cardiac changes secondary to COPD by echocardiography and to find out the correlation between echocardiographic findings and different grades of severity of COPD.Methods: A total 50 of patients of COPD were selected and staged by spirometry and evaluated by echocardiography.Results: The numbers of patients with mild, moderate, severe and very severe COPD in our study were 4%, 28%, 58%, and 10%, respectively. On echocardiographic evaluation of COPD, 24% cases had normal echocardiographic parameters. Pulmonary hypertension was observed in 35/50 (70%) cases in which prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe PH were 0%, 50%, 79.3%, and 100%, respectively. Right ventricle was enlarged in ECHO in 46% of patients. Right atrium was enlarged in ECHO in 14% of patients. Measurable tricuspid regurgitation (TR) was observed in 72% cases. Conclusions: Prevalence of cardiac dysfunction increases as the severity of COPD increases. It is recommended that echocardiography should be done early in all cases of COPD to diagnose the cardiac complications of COPD, so that early interventions can be undertaken in order to improve quality of life and decrease mortality and morbidity in COPD patients.
Results of limb reconstruction system in failed osteosynthesis of long bones
Authors: Kumar Hiranya , Honnur Siddalingeshwar Vithoba , Shukla Manoj Kumar , Neruganti Srikanth Etikala
Published: January 2017

Background: The LRS is an excellent option treating the failed osteosynthesis in long bone fractures, because of failure in healing due to loosening of implant, infection, nonunion, poor bone quality and bone loss associated with deformities, limb length discrepancy, soft tissue problems, functional and financial issues.

Methods: we prospectively treated 30 cases of failed osteosynthesis of long bones (7 plating, 22 nailing & 1 k-wire with plaster) between April 2009 to October 2015 with LRS. Initially we managed by implant removal, freshening of fracture site or radical debridement followed by LRS application.

Results: Union occurred in 93% cases. The eradication of infection was seen in 96.5% cases. Average lengthening done was 4.2 cms. We had 93% excellent and 7 % poor bony result. Functional result was excellent in 45%, good in 48% and failure in 7% cases using ASAMI scoring system.

Conclusions: LRS is an excellent option in the management of failed osteosynthesis especially associated with infection, nonunion, deformities, limb length discrepancy, soft  tissue problems, functional and financial issues and also where re-osteosynthesis is challenging with poor bone quality and bone stock. It is simpler technically, patient friendly and short learning curve.
La Bolsa de Valores de México durante el porfiriato y la revolución, 1885-1934
Authors: Moreno Lázaro Javier
Published: January 2017

En este artículo se sostiene que la Bolsa de México sólo contribuyó a la financiación empresarial desde su fundación hasta el inicio de la revolución. Allí encontraron fuentes de financiación empresarios mineros, banqueros e industriales. Pero desde entonces, particularmente desde la aplicación de la doctrina de Carranza en 1916, la Bolsa se convirtió en un mero instrumento financiero del Estado y sirvió entonces casi exclusivamente para la suscripción de deuda. Para demostrar esta hipótesis se presentan series cuantitativas inéditas que miden los efectos de la actividad bursátil en el desarrollo económico del país, al margen de los aspectos específicamente financieros.
El problema de la alimentación: un enfoque desde las encuestas de nutrición
Authors: Yáñez Andrade Juan Carlos
Published: January 2017

El presente artículo analiza una serie de encuestas de nutrición entre 1928 y 1938, en el contexto de la preocupación por las condiciones de vida de la clase trabajadora. Estas encuestas, junto con el reconocimiento de la importancia de la alimentación en la estructura de gastos de las familias, permiten identificar patrones de consumo y los serios problemas que las familias más pobres tuvieron para alcanzar un nivel de vida mínimo, medido en términos de consumo de calorías. Además de valorar estas encuestas, este artículo se inserta en un proyecto mayor que busca aportar elementos teóricos y metodológicos para la comprensión del fenómeno de la alimentación y reflexionar históricamente sobre el desarrollo de la ciencia de la nutrición.
Comercio y atlantización del Pacífico mexicano y sudamericano: La crisis del lago indiano y del Galeón de Manila, 1750-1821
Authors: Bonialian Assadourian Mariano Ardash
Published: January 2017

El ensayo tiene por objetivo identificar los factores que contribuyeron a la crisis y desaparición de un sistema comercial que se desarrolló por el Pacífico colonial entre 1580 y 1750. Se identifican tres razones; todas ellas ocurridas en el periodo comprendido desde 1750 hasta 1821. La primera examina la aparición a la escena de las compañías comerciales peninsulares por el Pacífico novohispano que comienzan a competir comercialmente con el Galeón de Manila. La segunda razón trata sobre el cierre del mercado de Perú al comercio de bienes extranjeros procedentes de Acapulco, a través de la inauguración de la vía por el Cabo de Hornos (1740) para el tráfico de navíos de registro procedentes de Europa. La tercera examina el comercio de los ingleses entre Jamaica, Panamá y el puerto mexicano de San Blas durante las primeras décadas del siglo XIX
Universal Education in India: Opportunities, Policies and Challenges
Authors: Riaz Sanaa
Published: January 2017

In 2009, the Government of India enacted the Right to Education (RTE) Act under which all children between ages 6-14 must receive free education, regardless of social biases along religious, caste, and class lines. Based on the 2011 census, the country stands at a 74.04 percent literacy rate, close to 10 percent less of the world’s average literacy rate. However, according to the UNICEF, 80 million children in India drop out of schools before completing elementary education. In this paper, I will highlight the challenges to implementing universal education in India. I will begin with an historical overview of India’s educational system under British colonial rule and the structure of primary, secondary, vocational and higher education in the country since independence in 1947. I will next highlight the challenges that the public education sector faces to meet employment needs of a global market. Finally, I will highlight the challenges in implementing RTE in the country in the face of meager budget allocation for primary schools and the absence of a rigorous system of checks and balances to address the socioeconomic struggles of students in impoverished communities.

Keywords: India, education, RTE Act, educational reform
O perdão como alternativa ao problema do mal e do pecado na hermenêutica de Paul Ricoeur
Authors: Souza Waldir , Da Silva Jefferson Soares , De Souza Rodrigo Augusto
Published: January 2017

Os problemas que afligem a humanidade comumente são objeto de estudos de inúmeros autores. Pertencentes a diferentes áreas e com enfoques distintos, há reflexões que se assentam sobre as faces que o problema do mal sofrido e do mal cometido contemplam. Dentre esses estudos estão as reflexões de Paul Ricouer (1923-2005). Nesse sentido, destaca-se neste artigo a análise do autor desde a tensão existente entre os mitos e  símbolos judáico-cristãos até a sua relação entre a experiência humana e o problema moral do mal. Tem-se por objetivo refletir sobre o problema moral do mal e do pecado, bem como perquirir sobre as possibilidades de seu enfrentamento através do perdão. Para tanto, o artigo foi dividido em três partes: 1) Investiga-se como a linguagem simbólica é compreendida pela hermenêutica ricoriana; 2) Analisa-se a concepção ricoriana acerca dos mitos e símbolos contidos no conceito de pecado original; 3) Reflete-se sobre a alternativa do perdão como proposta para o enfrentamento do mal. Como conclusão, constata-se que a hermenêutica do sagrado contém forte expressão pedagógica ao tratar do tema do perdão, consubstanciando-se em rigoroso instrumento para compreensão das experiências de vida tanto do homem antigo como do homem (pós) moderno.
Nomadismo em Antonio Vieira: do sagrado ao secular
Authors: Alves Murilo Cavalcante
Published: January 2017

A vida e a obra do jesuíta Antonio Vieira se integram de tal modo que refletem o espírito da época do orador-escritor luso-brasileiro. Época de transição, de mudanças significativas e contrastantes na mentalidade europeia, de tal modo que Vieira, colocado no centro dessas tensões, como evangelizador a serviço da Contrarreforma católica, só poderia se expressar como o fêz, caracterizando-se como uma espécie de “nômade”, com ressonâncias metafísicas, que definiriam seu modo de ser e agir.
Misericordiae Gaudium: Quando os ombros e as mãos fazem-se braço no abraço – Por uma releitura da unidade do tríptico de Lc 15
Authors: Eloy e Silva Luís Henrique
Published: January 2017

Lc 15 sintetiza de forma estrutural e coerente os conceitos bíblicos de hesed e rahamim no tríptico das parábolas da ovelha perdida, da dracma perdida e do pai e os dois filhos, aqui vistas não como três parábolas da misericórdia, mas como uma única parábola.
DITADURA MILITAR (1964-1985): O Movimento Estudantil e a Comunicação Alternativa na Amazônia Paraense
Authors: Trindade Chagas Amorim Célia Regina , Ramos da Silva Lanna Paula
Published: January 2017

O presente artigo faz uma análise do movimento estudantil paraense durante a Ditadura Militar de 1964-1985 e sua imprensa alternativa, importante canal de comunicação por onde circularam informações estratégicas de mobilizações e ações da categoria contrárias à nova ordem instituída. Destacam-se, neste trabalho, as atuações de dois jornais produzidos pelos estudantes da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPa): O Papagaio (1967) e Nanico (1979). Os universitários encontraram, nesta imprensa, uma forma de tornar públicas as perseguições sofridas dentro do campus do Guamá, envolvendo professores e estudantes considerados subversivos. Nas páginas dessa imprensa havia também a negação da concepção bancária de educação (FREIRE, 2011), que deformava a criatividade educacional. Este artigo faz parte da investigação do projeto Mídias Alternativas na Amazônia, que está mapeando formas de comunicação contra hegemônica na região.
LONGOS SILÊNCIOS E BREVES RESPOSTAS: veículos jornalísticos frente aos erros apontados por seus públicos no Facebook
Authors: Christofoletti Rogério , Caminada Thiago
Published: January 2017

Neste artigo, avaliamos 60 dias de interação entre públicos e veículos jornalísticos, tomando como base o apontamento e detecção de erros pelos leitores. O período de análise foi de 1º de outubro a 29 de novembro de 2014, nas fanpages dos quatro maiores jornais catarinenses: A Notícia, Diário Catarinense, Notícias de Dia e Jornal de Santa Catarina. No período, foram veiculados 4892 notícias, das quais se identificou 233 participações nos comentários sobre erros, com 132 erros diferentes em 116 notícias. Além da classificação dos tipos de interação, a pesquisa ainda entrevistou cinco editores ou profissionais responsáveis por redes sociais ou relacionamento online com seus públicos. Os resultados do estudo sinalizam as condições em que os veículos operam e quais suas respostas ou posturas diante do apontamento de falhas e deslizes.
AS NARRATIVAS MITOMIDIATIZADAS PROPAGANDEADAS SOBRE A AMAZÔNIA PELA publiCIDADE.
Authors: Santos Luiz Cezar Silva dos
Published: January 2017

Como ponto de partida na reflexão sobre o uso de lendas e mitos nas narrativas publicitárias como forma de “vender” ideias e produtos, buscamos, com este artigo, discutir a mitomiadiatização pela atividade publicitária do potencial mercadológico que o imaginário amazônico exerce sobre diversos públicos-alvo com relação às lendas, os mitos e as “histórias” contadas sobre a região amazônica.
HIBRIDIZAÇÃO E O JORNALISMO CAMALEÔNICO
Authors: Kurtz Adriana Schryver
Published: January 2017

O texto aborda a crescente hibridização entre o Jornalismo e demais formatos midiáticos como resultado natural de um processo que já está na própria raiz da comunicação enquanto atividade histórica. A lógica interna e as potencialidades estéticas e discursivas do fenômeno são analisadas a partir das convergências entre jornalismo e cinema. Para tanto, utiliza o falso documentário Zelig (1983), texto fílmico de Woody Allen, híbrido por natureza, postulado como um microcosmo rico em pistas e sugestões para refletir sobre a fusão entre conteúdos informativos e não informativos.
BELÉM E A BELLE ÉPOQUE DA BORRACHA
Authors: Coelho Geraldo Mártires
Published: January 2017

O artigo discute a história e a vida de Belém na passagem do século XIX para o século XX, marcada por um conjunto de elementos sociais, intelectuais e artísticos que refletiam as influências da cultura e da sociedade europeia, principalmente francesa, do período. Em termos de Brasil, esse processo se verificou em Belém e no Rio de Janeiro: era a chamada Belle Époque. Cultivou-se o gosto pelo que vinha da Europa, o que podia ser visto na maneira de se vestir das elites locais e na vida social que levavam em Belém. A literatura, a pintura e a música, cultuadas por essas mesmas elites, faziam da cidade um grande centro de vida intelectual e artística. É preciso, no entanto, observar que a Belle Époque faz parte de um processo maior, o da mundialização da cultura.
A PARTICIPAÇÃO NA COMUNICAÇÃO PÚBLICA: para além do consenso
Authors: Matos e Nobre Heloiza Helena , Pereira Filho Jorge
Published: January 2017

Mobilizada por diversos discursos contemporâneos, a participação constitui-se em um campo de estudo amplo, cuja definição é proposta em variados referenciais teóricos, às vezes de modo conflitivo. Tema de relevância crescente, tem sido discutido por diversos autores para refletir sobre os impasses do sistema político das democracias modernas e constitui-se também em um conceito-chave da comunicação pública. Como iremos abordar, o fundamento da comunicação assenta-se em procedimentos, que precisam estar abertos à participação ativa da sociedade, e em objetivos, que têm o interesse público como pano de fundo. Este artigo procura, assim, discutir teoricamente o conceito de participação, tecendo algumas relações possíveis entre essa reflexão e o conceito de comunicação pública.
COMO CARREGAR O PESO DAS PALAVRAS E O CHOQUE DAS IMAGENS: mapeamento histórico das características editoriais de Paris Match
Authors: Casadei Eliza Bachega
Published: January 2017

A revista francesa Paris Match foi uma influência decisiva na modulação dos projetos editoriais de muitas revistas brasileiras importantes, como O Cruzeiro e Manchete. Não obstante isso, são poucos os trabalhos que exploram os aspectos editoriais da publicação francesa. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente artigo é, a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica, realizar um mapeamento histórico dos aspectos editoriais de Paris Match, bem como a forma como eles foram sendo modificados ao longo do tempo.
A VIOLÊNCIA COMO VALOR-NOTÍCIA NA TELEVISÃO GOIANIENSE: Informação X Audiência
Authors: De Lima Fernanda Ribeiro , Temer Ana Carolina Pessôa Rocha
Published: January 2017

As emissoras de TV pioneiras no Brasil na década de cinquenta viram o número de concorrentes aumentar consideravelmente durante o governo militar, que distribuiu concessões em troca de apoio político. Quatro décadas depois a guerra pela audiência ficou ainda mais acirrada com o surgimento e consolidação da internet. O novo meio e a popularização dos canais fechados, roubaram os segmentos A e B da TV aberta e fizeram com que as emissoras televisivas mudassem profundamente seu conteúdo. Uma dessas mudanças foi a supervalorização da violência como valor-notícia. Considerando os gêneros jornalísticos como gêneros discursivos, quais as implicações dessa forma de exposição da violência na qualidade da cobertura jornalística e consequentemente na imparcialidade editorial?
Vegetation Water Content Prediction: Towards More Relevant Explicatory Waveband Variables
Authors: Salas Eric Ariel L.
Published: January 2017

Although the water absorption feature (WAF) at 970 nm is not very well-defined, it may be used alongside other indices to estimate the canopy water content.  The individual performance of a number of existing vegetation water content (VWC) indices against the WAF is assessed using linear regression model.  We developed a new Combined Vegetation Water Index (CVWI) by merging indices to boost the weak absorption feature. CVWI showed a promise in assessing the vegetation water status derived from the 970 nm absorption wavelength.  CVWI was able to differentiate two groups of dataset when regressed against the absorption feature.  CVWI could be seen as an easy and robust method for vegetation water content studies using hyperspectral field data.
Simple Metal and Binary Alloy Phases Based on the fcc Structure: Electronic Origin of Distortions, Superlattices and Vacancies
Authors: Degtyareva Valentina F. , Afonikova Nataliya S.
Published: January 2017

Crystal structures of simple metals and binary alloy phases based on the face-centered cubic (fcc) structure are analyzed within the model of Fermi sphere – Brillouin zone interactions to understand the stability of original cubic structure and derivative structures with distortions, superlattices and vacancies. Examination of the Brillouin-Jones configuration in relation to the nearly-free electron Fermi sphere for several representative phases reveals significance of the electron energy contribution to the phase stability. Representation of complex structures in the reciprocal space clarifies their relationship to the basic cubic cell.