bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Respiration of Mediterranean cold-water corals is not affected by ocean acidification as projected for the end of the century
Authors: Maier C. , Bils F. , Weinbauer M. G. , Watremez P. , Peck M. A. , Gattuso J.-P.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. The rise of CO2 has been identified as a major threat to life in the ocean. About one-third of the anthropogenic CO2 produced in the last 200 yr has been taken up by the ocean, leading to ocean acidification. Surface seawater pH is projected to decrease by about 0.4 unit between the pre-industrial revolution and 2100. The branching cold-water corals Madrepora oculata and Lophelia pertusa are important, habitat-forming species in the deep Mediterranean Sea. Although previous research has investigated the abundance and distribution of these species, little is known regarding their ecophysiology and potential responses to global environmental change. A previous study indicated that the rate of calcification of these two species remained constant up to 1000 μatm CO2 a value that is at the upper end of changes projected to occur by 2100. We examined whether the ability to maintain calcification rates in the face of rising pCO2 affected the energetic requirements of these corals. Over the course of three months, rates of respiration were measured at a pCO2 ranging between 350 and 1100 μatm to distinguish between short-term response and longer-term acclimation. Respiration rates ranged from 0.074 to 0.266 μmol O2 (g skeletal dry weight)−1 h−1 and 0.095 to 0.725 μmol O2 (g skeletal dry weight)−1 h−1 for L. and M. oculata, respectively, and were independent of pCO2. Respiration increased with time likely due to regular feeding which may have provided an increased energy supply to sustain coral metabolism. Future studies are needed to confirm whether the insensitivity of respiration to increasing pCO2 is a general feature of deep-sea corals in other regions.
Major dust events in Europe during marine isotope stage 5 (130–74 ka): a climatic interpretation of the "markers"
Authors: Rousseau D.-D. , Ghil M. , Kukla G. , Sima A. , Antoine P. , Fuchs M. , Hatté C. , Lagroix F. , Debret M. , Moine O.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. At present, major dust storms are occurring at mid-latitudes in the Middle East and Asia, as well as at low latitudes in northern Africa and in Australia. Western Europe, though, does not experience such dramatic climate events, except for some African dust reaching it from the Sahara. This modern situation is of particular interest, in the context of future climate projections, since the present interglacial is usually interpreted, in this context, as an analog of the warm Eemian interval. European terrestrial records show, however, major dust events during the penultimate interglacial and early glacial. These events are easily observed in loess records by their whitish-color deposits, which lie above and below dark chernozem paleosols in Central European records of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 age. We describe here the base of the Dolni Vestonice (DV) loess sequence, Czech Republic, as the reference of such records. The dust is deposited during intervals that are characterized by poor vegetation – manifested by high δ13C values and low magnetic susceptibility – while the fine sand and clay in the deposits shows grain sizes that are clearly different from the overlying pleniglacial loess deposits. Some of these dust events have been previously described as "Markers" or Marker Silts (MS) by one of us (G. Kukla), and are dated at about 111–109 and 93–92 ka, with a third and last one slightly visible at about 75–73 ka. Other events correspond to the loess material of Kukla's cycles, and are described as eolian silts (ES); they are observed in the same DV sequence and are dated at about 106–105, 88–86, and 78.5–77 ka. The fine eolian deposits mentioned above, MS as well as ES, correspond to short events that lasted about 2 ka; they are synchronous with re-advances of the polar front over the North Atlantic, as observed in marine sediment cores. These deposits also correlate with important changes observed in European vegetation. Some ES and MS events appear to be coeval with significant dust peaks recorded in the Greenland ice cores, while others are not. This decoupling between the European eolian and Greenland dust depositions is of considerable interest, as it differs from the fully glacial situation, in which the Eurasian loess sedimentation mimics the Greenland dust record. Previous field observations supported an interpretation of MS events as caused by continental dust storms. We show here, by a comparison with speleothems of the same age found in the northern Alps, that different atmospheric-circulation modes seem to be responsible for the two categories of dust events, MS vs. ES.
2-way coupling the hydrological land surface model PROMET with the regional climate model MM5
Authors: Zabel F. , Mauser W.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. Most land surface hydrological models (LSHMs) consider land surface processes (e.g. soil–plant–atmosphere interactions, lateral water flows, snow and ice) in a spatially detailed manner. The atmosphere is considered as exogenous driver, neglecting feedbacks between the land surface and the atmosphere. On the other hand, regional climate models (RCMs) generally simulate land surface processes through coarse descriptions and spatial scales but include land–atmosphere interactions. What is the impact of the differently applied model physics and spatial resolution of LSHMs on the performance of RCMs? What feedback effects are induced by different land surface models? This study analyses the impact of replacing the land surface module (LSM) within an RCM with a high resolution LSHM. A 2-way coupling approach was applied using the LSHM PROMET (1 × 1 km2) and the atmospheric part of the RCM MM5 (45 × 45 km2). The scaling interface SCALMET is used for down- and upscaling the linear and non-linear fluxes between the model scales. The change in the atmospheric response by MM5 using the LSHM is analysed, and its quality is compared to observations of temperature and precipitation for a 4 yr period from 1996 to 1999 for the Upper Danube catchment. By substituting the Noah-LSM with PROMET, simulated non-bias-corrected near-surface air temperature improves for annual, monthly and daily courses when compared to measurements from 277 meteorological weather stations within the Upper Danube catchment. The mean annual bias was improved from −0.85 to −0.13 K. In particular, the improved afternoon heating from May to September is caused by increased sensible heat flux and decreased latent heat flux as well as more incoming solar radiation in the fully coupled PROMET/MM5 in comparison to the NOAH/MM5 simulation. Triggered by the LSM replacement, precipitation overall is reduced; however simulated precipitation amounts are still of high uncertainty, both spatially and temporally. The distribution of precipitation follows the coarse topography representation in MM5, resulting in a spatial shift of maximum precipitation northwards of the Alps. Consequently, simulation of river runoff inherits precipitation biases from MM5. However, by comparing the water balance, the bias of annual average runoff was improved from 21.2% (NOAH/MM5) to 4.4% (PROMET/MM5) when compared to measurements at the outlet gauge of the Upper Danube watershed in Achleiten.
Hydrological drought across the world: impact of climate and physical catchment structure
Authors: Van Lanen H. A. J. , Wanders N. , Tallaksen L. M. , Van Loon A. F.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. Large-scale hydrological drought studies have demonstrated spatial and temporal patterns in observed trends, and considerable difference exists among global hydrological models in their ability to reproduce these patterns. In this study a controlled modeling experiment has been set up to systematically explore the role of climate and physical catchment structure (soils and groundwater systems) to better understand underlying drought-generating mechanisms. Daily climate data (1958–2001) of 1495 grid cells across the world were selected that represent Köppen–Geiger major climate types. These data were fed into a conceptual hydrological model. Nine realizations of physical catchment structure were defined for each grid cell, i.e., three soils with different soil moisture supply capacity and three groundwater systems (quickly, intermediately and slowly responding). Hydrological drought characteristics (number, duration and standardized deficit volume) were identified from time series of daily discharge. Summary statistics showed that the equatorial and temperate climate types (A- and C-climates) had about twice as many drought events as the arid and polar types (B- and E-climates), and the durations of more extreme droughts were about half the length. Selected soils under permanent grassland were found to have a minor effect on hydrological drought characteristics, whereas groundwater systems had major impact. Groundwater systems strongly controlled the hydrological drought characteristics of all climate types, but particularly those of the wetter A-, C- and D-climates because of higher recharge. The median number of droughts for quickly responding groundwater systems was about three times higher than for slowly responding systems. Groundwater systems substantially affected the duration, particularly of the more extreme drought events. Bivariate probability distributions of drought duration and standardized deficit for combinations of Köppen–Geiger climate, soil and groundwater system showed that the responsiveness of the groundwater system is as important as climate for hydrological drought development. This urges for an improvement of subsurface modules in global hydrological models to be more useful for water resources assessments. A foreseen higher spatial resolution in large-scale models would enable a better hydrogeological parameterization and thus inclusion of lateral flow.
Contribution of directly connected and isolated impervious areas to urban drainage network hydrographs
Authors: Seo Y. , Choi N.-J. , Schmidt A. R.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. This paper addresses the mass balance error observed in runoff hydrographs in urban watersheds by introducing assumptions regarding the contribution of infiltrated rainfall from pervious areas and isolated impervious area (IIA) to the runoff hydrograph. Rainfall infiltrating into pervious areas has been assumed not to contribute to the runoff hydrograph until Hortonian excess rainfall occurs. However, mass balance analysis in an urban watershed indicates that rainfall infiltrated to pervious areas can contribute to direct runoff hydrograph, thereby offering an explanation for the long hydrograph tail commonly observed in runoff from urban storm sewers. In this study, a hydrologic analysis based on the width function is introduced, with two types of width functions obtained from both pervious and impervious areas, respectively. The width function can be regarded as the direct interpretation of the network response. These two width functions are derived to obtain distinct response functions for directly connected impervious areas (DCIA), IIA, and pervious areas. The results show significant improvement in the estimation of runoff hydrographs and suggest the need to consider the flow contribution from pervious areas to the runoff hydrograph. It also implies that additional contribution from flow paths through joints and cracks in sewer pipes needs to be taken into account to improve the estimation of runoff hydrographs in urban catchments.
CREATION OF 3D MODELS FROM LARGE UNSTRUCTURED IMAGE AND VIDEO DATASETS
Authors: Hollick J. , Moncrieff S. , Belton D. , Woods A. J. , Hutchison A. , Helmholz P.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. Exploration of various places using low-cost camera solutions over decades without having a photogrammetric application in mind has resulted in large collections of images and videos that may have significant cultural value. The purpose of collecting this data is often to provide a log of events and therefore the data is often unstructured and of varying quality. Depending on the equipment used there may be approximate location data available for the images but the accuracy of this data may also be of varying quality. In this paper we present an approach that can deal with these conditions and process datasets of this type to produce 3D models. Results from processing the dataset collected during the discovery and subsequent exploration of the HMAS Sydney and HSK Kormoran wreck sites shows the potential of our approach. The results are promising and show that there is potential to retrieve significantly more information from many of these datasets than previously thought possible.
REAL AND SIMULATED WAVEFORM RECORDING LIDAR DATA IN BOREAL JUVENILE FOREST VEGETATION
Authors: Hovi A. , Korpela I.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. Airborne small-footprint LiDAR is replacing field measurements in regional-level forest inventories, but auxiliary field work is still required for the optimal management of young stands. Waveform (WF) recording sensors can provide a more detailed description of the vegetation compared to discrete return (DR) systems. Furthermore, knowing the shape of the signal facilitates comparisons between real data and those obtained with simulation tools. We performed a quantitative validation of a Monte Carlo ray tracing (MCRT) -based LiDAR simulator against real data and used simulations and empirical data to study the WF recording LiDAR for the classification of boreal juvenile forest vegetation. Geometric-optical models of three common species were used as input for the MCRT model. Simulated radiometric and geometric WF features were in good agreement with the real data, and interspecies differences were preserved. We used the simulator to study the effects of sensor parameters on species classification performance. An increase in footprint size improved the classification accuracy up to a certain footprint size, while the emitted pulse width and the WF sampling rate had minor effects. Analyses on empirical data showed small improvement in performance compared to existing studies, when classifying seedling stand vegetation to four operational classes. The results on simulator validation serve as a basis for the future use of simulation models e.g. in LiDAR survey planning or in the simulation of synthetic training data, while the empirical findings clarify the potential of WF LiDAR data in the inventory chain for the operational forest management planning in Finland.
CHARACTERISTICS AND ACCURACY OF LARGE AREA COVERING HEIGHT MODELS
Authors: Jacobsen K.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. Large area covering height models are dominantly based on optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) space imagery. The vertical accuracy of individual object points determined by automatic matching of optical imagery is in the range of 1.0 ground sampling distance (GSD), but this is not identical to the accuracy of the height model. With the exception of long wavelength SAR data, the Pand L-band, all height models are originally digital surface models (DSM) and not the most often requested digital terrain models (DTM) with the height of the bare ground which have to be generated by filtering. In addition height models are influenced by interpolation, reducing the geometric quality. Large area covering height models are analyzed for their accuracy and characteristics, including the effect of details influenced by the method of determination. The absolute accuracy in addition is affected by the quality of geo-reference, which partly is based on the direct sensor orientation, partly based on ground control points (GCP) or indirectly on other existing height models. The most important influence for the resolution of a height model is the point spacing of the DHM, but details also can be lost by not proper data handling. All height models have lower accuracy in steep terrain, the matching of optical images is influenced by the object contrast, while SAR is affected by layover. By this reason gaps in the height models often are filled with other data causing more heterogeneous character.
AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF STORM DAMAGES USING HIGH-ALTITUDE PHOTOGRAMMETRIC IMAGING
Authors: Litkey P. , Nurminen K. , Honkavaara E.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. The risks of storms that cause damage in forests are increasing due to climate change. Quickly detecting fallen trees, assessing the amount of fallen trees and efficiently collecting them are of great importance for economic and environmental reasons. Visually detecting and delineating storm damage is a laborious and error-prone process; thus, it is important to develop cost-efficient and highly automated methods. Objective of our research project is to investigate and develop a reliable and efficient method for automatic storm damage detection, which is based on airborne imagery that is collected after a storm. The requirements for the method are the before-storm and after-storm surface models. A difference surface is calculated using two DSMs and the locations where significant changes have appeared are automatically detected. In our previous research we used four-year old airborne laser scanning surface model as the before-storm surface. The after-storm DSM was provided from the photogrammetric images using the Next Generation Automatic Terrain Extraction (NGATE) algorithm of Socet Set software. We obtained 100% accuracy in detection of major storm damages. In this investigation we will further evaluate the sensitivity of the storm-damage detection process. We will investigate the potential of national airborne photography, that is collected at no-leaf season, to automatically produce a before-storm DSM using image matching. We will also compare impact of the terrain extraction algorithm to the results. Our results will also promote the potential of national open source data sets in the management of natural disasters.
MULTIDIRECTIONAL BUILDING DETECTION IN AERIAL IMAGES WITHOUT SHAPE TEMPLATES
Authors: Manno-Kovacs A. , Sziranyi T.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to exploit orientation information of an urban area for extracting building contours without shape templates. Unlike using shape templates, these given contours describe more variability and reveal the fine details of the building outlines, resulting in a more accurate detection process, which is beneficial for many tasks, like map updating and city planning. According to our assumption, orientation of the closely located buildings is coherent, it is related to the road network, therefore adaptation of this information can lead to more efficient building detection results. The introduced method first extracts feature points for representing the urban area. Orientation information in the feature point neighborhoods is analyzed to define main orientations. Based on orientation information, the urban area is classified into different directional clusters. The edges of the classified building groups are then emphasized with shearlet based edge detection method, which is able to detect edges only in the main directions, resulting in an efficient connectivity map. In the last step, with the fusion of the feature points and connectivity map, building contours are detected with a non-parametric active contour method.
EXPLOITING SHADOW EVIDENCE AND ITERATIVE GRAPH-CUTS FOR EFFICIENT DETECTION OF BUILDINGS IN COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Ok A. O. , Senaras C. , Yuksel B.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. This paper presents an automated approach for efficient detection of building regions in complex environments. We investigate the shadow evidence to focus on building regions, and the shadow areas are detected by recently developed false colour shadow detector. The directional spatial relationship between buildings and their shadows in image space is modelled with the prior knowledge of illumination direction. To do that, an approach based on fuzzy landscapes is presented. Once all landscapes are collected, a pruning process is applied to eliminate the landscapes that may occur due to non-building objects. Thereafter, we benefit from a graph-theoretic approach to accurately detect building regions. We consider the building detection task as a binary partitioning problem where a building region has to be accurately separated from its background. To solve the two-class partitioning, an iterative binary graph-cut optimization is performed. In this paper, we redesign the input requirements of the iterative partitioning from the previously detected landscape regions, so that the approach gains an efficient fully automated behaviour for the detection of buildings. Experiments performed on 10 test images selected from QuickBird (0.6 m) and Geoeye-1 (0.5 m) high resolution datasets showed that the presented approach accurately localizes and detects buildings with arbitrary shapes and sizes in complex environments. The tests also reveal that even under challenging environmental and illumination conditions (e.g. low solar elevation angles, snow cover) reasonable building detection performances could be achieved by the proposed approach.
TANDEM-X MISSION: OVERVIEW, STATUS AND OUTLOOK
Authors: Steinbrecher U. , Zink M. , Moreira A. , Bachmann M. , Böer J. , Schulze D. , Krieger G.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. TanDEM-X (TerraSAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measurement) opens a new era in spaceborne radar remote sensing [1]–[3], [9], [12]. Realized in the framework of a public-private partnership between the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and EADS Astrium GmbH, a single-pass SAR interferometer with adjustable baselines in across- and in along-track directions was formed by adding a second (TDX), almost identical spacecraft to TerraSAR-X (TSX) and flying the two satellites in a closely controlled formation on average orbit height of 514 km. This allows the acquisition of highly accurate cross-track and along-track interferograms without the inherent accuracy limitations imposed by repeat-pass interferometry due to temporal decorrelation and atmospheric disturbances. With typical across-track baselines of 150 to 500 m a global Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with 2 m relative height accuracy at a 12 m posting is being generated.
DISCRETE TOPOLOGY BASED HIERARCHICAL SEGMENTATION FOR EFFICIENT OBJECT-BASED IMAGE ANALYIS: APPLICATION TO OBJECT DETECTION IN HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGES
Authors: Syed A. H. , Saber E. , Messinger D.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. With rapid developments in satellite and sensor technologies, there has been a dramatic increase in the availability of high resolution (HR) remotely sensed images. Hence, the ability to collect images remotely is expected to far exceed our capacity to analyse these images manually. Consequently, techniques that can handle large volumes of data are urgently needed. In many of today's multiscale techniques the underlying representation of objects is still pixel-based, i.e. object entities are still described/accessed via pixelbased descriptors, thereby creating a bottleneck when processing large volumes of data. Also, these techniques do not yet leverage the topological and contextual information present in the image. We propose a framework for Discrete Topology based hierarchical segmentation, addressing both the algorithms and data structures that will be required. The framework consists of three components: 1) Conversion to dart-based representation, 2) Size-Constrained-Region Merging to generate multiple segmentations, and 3) Update of two sparse arrays SIGMA and LAMBDA which together encode the topology of each region in the hierarchy. The results of our representation are demonstrated both on a synthetic and a real high resolution images. Application of this representation to objectdetection is also discussed.
EXTRACTION OF BUILIDNG SHAPE FROM TANDEM-X DATA
Authors: Thiele A. , Wurth M. M. , Even M. , Hinz S.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. Large scale mapping and modeling of urban areas is requested in many fields, especially in planning of energy supply and for change detection. For this purpose, SAR systems are highly attractive due to their independency of daytime and weather. The new satellite configuration of TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X provides single-pass 3D mapping of the earth with unprecedented geometric resolution, allowing for improved detection and extraction of building positions and shapes. In this paper, single-pass interferograms of the TanDEM-X mission are utilized to automatically reconstruct buildings. To this purpose, first an interferogram is calculated from a TanDEM pair. Then, a new detector is applied that analyses phase ramps in the interferogram. Phase ramps being a pattern typically observable in layover areas of buildings, the detector is able to indicate building locations. Afterwards, the detected building areas are analyzed in more detail to extract width, length, and height of the buildings. Last, an edge detector is applied to deduce the building shapes. The reconstruction results are compared with reference data.
BUILDING EXTRACTION USING MULTI SENSOR SYSTEMS
Authors: Yastikli N. , Uzar M.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. In this study, the automatic building extraction is aimed using object-based image analysis method with multi sensor system includes LiDAR, digital camera and GPS/IMU. The image processing techniques, segmentation and classification methods were used for automatic object extraction with defined rule set. The proposed method based on object based classification to overcome the limitation of traditional pixel based classification such as confusion of classes. The generated Digital Surface Model (DSM) from LiDAR point cloud was used to separate building and vegetation classes. The morphologic filters were utilized also optimization of mixed classes. In our proposed approach for building extraction, multi-resolution, contrast-difference and chessboard segmentations were applied. The object-based classification method was preferred in classification process with defined fuzzy rules. First, vegetation and ground classes were generated than building regions were derived with using the results of the classification and segmentation. The data set was obtained from the project of "NABUCCO Gas Pipeline Project". The data set actually was collected for corridor mapping of pipeline which will link the Eastern border of Turkey, to Baumgarten in Austria via Bulgaria, Romania and Hungary. The study area is a suburban neighborhood located in the city of Sivas, Turkey. The Leica ALS60 LiDAR system, DiMAC, Dalsa Area Bayer RGB Charge Coupled (CCD) Camera and GPS and CUS6 IMU system were used for data collection. The additional data sets were generated with point cloud collected by LiDAR and RGB images from digital camera. The rule sets for automatic building extraction were developed in Definiens e-Cognition Developer 8.64 program system. To evaluate the performance of proposed automatic building extraction approach, reference data set was generated with digitizing of extracted building over the orthoimage. The accuracy assessment was performed with completeness and correctness analyses. Based on the completeness and accuracy analysis, the success rates of 83.08% for completeness and 85.51% for correctness were achieved.
DATA MINING FOR KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY FROM OBJECT-BASED SEGMENTATION OF VHR REMOTELY SENSED IMAGERY
Authors: Djerriri K. , Malki M.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. The success of the object-based image analysis (OBIA) paradigm can be attributed to the fact that regions obtained by means of segmentation process are depicted with a variety of spectral, shape, texture and context characteristics. These representative objectsattributes can be assigned to different land-cover/land-use types by means of two options. The first is to use supervised classifiers such as K-nearest neighbors (KNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), the second is to create classification rules. Supervised classifiers perform very well and have generally higher accuracies. However one of their drawbacks is that they provide no explicit knowledge in understandable and interpretable forms. The building of the rule set is generally based on the domain expert knowledge when dealing with a small number of classes and a small number of attributes, but having a dozens of continuously valued attributes attached to each image object makes it a tedious task and experts quickly get overwhelmed and become totally helpless. This is where data mining techniques for knowledge discovering help to understand the hidden relationships between classes and their attached attributes. The aim of this paper is to highlight the benefits of using knowledge discovery and data-mining tools, especially rule induction algorithms for useful and accurate information extraction from high spatial resolution remotely sensed imagery.
A Prospective Cohort Study of Vitamins B, C, E, and Multivitamin Intake and Endometriosis
Authors: Darling Anne Marie , Chavarro Jorge E. , Malspeis Susan , Harris Holly R. , Missmer Stacey A.
Published: May 2013

Purpose

Diet is a potentially modifiable risk factor for endometriosis. It has been hypothesized that vitamins C, E, and the B vitamins may influence factors involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, such as oxidative stress and steroid hormone metabolism. In this large, prospective cohort study, we examined the relation between intake of vitamins C, E, the B vitamins, and the use of multivitamin supplements and diagnosis of endometriosis.

Methods

Data were collected from women in the Nurses' Health Study II between 1991 and 2005. Diet was assessed via food frequency questionnaire. Incidence rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using time-varying Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

A total of 1383 incident cases of laparoscopically-confirmed endometriosis were observed among 70,617 women during 735,286 person years of follow-up. Intakes of thiamine (B1) (RR = 0.84, CI = 0.72-0.99; P-value, test for linear trend[P] = 0.04), folate (B9) (RR = 0.79, CI = 0.66-0.93; P = 0.003), vitamin C (RR = 0.81, CI = 0.68-0.95; P = 0.02), and vitamin E (RR = 0.70, CI = 0.59-0.83; P<0.0001) solely from food sources were inversely related to endometriosis diagnosis. However, intakes of these nutrients from supplements alone were unrelated to endometriosis.

Conclusion

Thiamine, folate, vitamin C, and vitamin E from food sources are inversely related to endometriosis risk. Our results suggest that the protective mechanism may not be related to the nutrients themselves but rather other components of foods rich in these micronutrients or factors correlated with diets high in these vitamin-rich foods.
La Nicaragua posible: Los cambios necesarios
Authors: Caldera Alejandro Serrano
Published: May 2013

El pensador Alejandro Serrano, aborda los cambios sustantivos que Nicaragua necesita para superar la realidad actual, caracterizada por la fragmentación y la concentración del poder, factores que han determinado las crisis cíclicas de una historia ensangrentada de nuestro país. Plantea la concertación como un proceso participativo, en torno a 3 ejes: política institucional, económico-social y educativo, en función de avanzar a un plan de país, base para un cambio en nuestra cultura política. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/cultura.v18i58.1039 Cultura de Paz • Año XVIII • N° 58 • Septiembre - Diciembre 2012 P / 4-10
Mujeres y cambios climáticos. Una perspectiva de Nicaragua
Authors: Ruiz Pérez Brenda Consuelo
Published: May 2013

En este artículo se discuten las consecuencias de cambios climáticos antropogénicos en el mundo y en América Central, focalizando en cómo afectan a Nicaragua. Se describe cómo estos cambios afectan específicamente a las mujeres y lo que mujeres nicaragüenses están haciendo para contribuir a la prevención, mitigación y adaptación a los cambios climáticos y ambientales. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/cultura.v18i58.1041 Cultura de Paz • Año XVIII • N° 58 • Septiembre - Diciembre 2012 P / 24-32
Pintura Fresca Vol.18 No.58
Authors: Editor The
Published: May 2013

Olga Maradiaga Bygocha d´Amalia María Reneé Pérez Rafael Castellón. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/cultura.v18i58.1044 Cultura de Paz • Año XVIII • N° 58 • Septiembre - Diciembre 2012
El periodismo humanístico de Carlos Tünnermann Bernheim
Authors: Rodríguez Silva Isidro
Published: May 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/cultura.v18i58.1046 Cultura de Paz • Año XVIII • N° 58 • Septiembre - Diciembre 2012 P / 50-51
XX Aniversario Instituto Martin Luther King, UPOLI
Authors: Torres Denis
Published: May 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/cultura.v18i59.1050 Cultura de Paz • Año XVIII • N° 59 • Enero - Abril 2012 P / 2-3
Lo que he aprendido
Authors: López Vigil Maria
Published: May 2013

La Dra. María López Vigil comparte con los alumnos egresados de las promociones del IDEHU-UPOLI, año 2012, sus experiencias de vida como comunicadora social y teóloga feminista frente a temas fundamentales: Dios, el poder, género, misión profética, revolución. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/cultura.v18i59.1053 Cultura de Paz • Año XVIII • N° 59 • Enero - Abril 2012 P / 20-27
Pintura Fresca Vol.18 No.59
Authors: Editor The
Published: May 2013

Lucía MartínezTito ChamorroSuyen TorresEdgar PasquierDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/cultura.v18i59.1054Cultura de Paz • Año XVIII • N° 59 • Enero - Abril 2012
Tracking in Anatomic Pathology
Authors: Pantanowitz Liron , Mackinnon Alexander C. , Sinard John H.
Published: May 2013

Bar code–based tracking solutions, long present in clinical pathology laboratories, have recently made an appearance in anatomic pathology (AP) laboratories. Tracking of AP “assets” (specimens, blocks, slides) can enhance laboratory efficiency, promote patient safety, and improve patient care. Routing of excess clinical material into research laboratories and biorepositories are other avenues that can benefit from tracking of AP assets. Implementing tracking is not as simple as installing software and turning it on. Not all tracking solutions are alike. Careful analysis of laboratory workflow is needed before implementing tracking to assure that this solution will meet the needs of the laboratory. Such analysis will likely uncover practices that may need to be modified before a tracking system can be deployed. Costs that go beyond simply that of purchasing software will be incurred and need to be considered in the budgeting process. Finally, people, not technology, are the key to assuring quality. Tracking will require significant changes in workflow and an overall change in the culture of the laboratory. Preparation, training, buy-in, and accountability of the people involved are crucial to the success of this process. This article reviews the benefits, available technology, underlying principles, and implementation of tracking solutions for the AP and research laboratory.
Bringing Time into Molecular and Cellular Biology
Authors: Karl Andersson
Published: May 2013

In conjunction with the defense of a doctoral thesis on the deciphering of complex protein interactions on living cells, six scientists shared their view on time in molecular and cellular biology. This brief review takes the form of a conference report and summarizes the contributions of the speakers and the defense. Opportunities and challenges for time resolved assays in molecular and cellular biology were vividly discussed during two days with a pan-European audience. Awareness of biological timeframes and understanding the temporal aspects were claimed critical for analytical applications in biology.
Comparison of Post Hoc Multiple Pairwise Testing Procedures as Applied to Small k-Group Logrank Tests
Authors: Heo Moonseong , Leon Andrew C.
Published: May 2013

The logrank test is widely used to compare groups on distribution of survival time in the presence of censoring. There is no convention for post hoc pairwise comparisons after a significant omnibus k-group logrank test. This simulation study compares four post hoc pairwise testing procedures: Bonferroni, Dunn-Šidák, Hochberg, and unadjusted post hoc logrank test procedure. Evaluation criteria include, familywise type I error rate, correct decision rate, number of correctly rejected pairs, and false discovery rate. We demonstrated that when conditioned upon rejection of the omnibus test, multiplicity adjustments may be unnecessary and can be overly conservative when k is at most 4, or number of comparisons is no greater than 6. This is supported by the results that the performance of the unadjusted post hoc logrank test procedure is preferred over the others on all criteria except for the false discovery rate. The Hochberg procedure appears to be superior among the adjustments examined. Data from a clinical trial for suicide prevention illustrate these approaches where number of comparison groups is often limited.
Applying Mixed-Effects Location Scale Modeling to Examine Within-Person Variability in Physical Activity Self-Efficacy
Authors: Dunton Genevieve Fridlund , Atienza Audie A. , Huh Jimi , Castro Cynthia , Hedeker Donald , King Abby C.
Published: May 2013

Background: Physical activity self-efficacy is conceptualized as a construct that is changeable and responsive to contextual factors. The current study applied mixed-effects location scale modeling to examine within-person variability in physical activity self-efficacy among middle-aged and older adults (N = 14 adults, mean age = 59.4 years) who were attempting behavior change.
Methods: An electronic diary was used to record self-reported self-efficacy and physical activity via Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) twice a day (2:00 pm and 9:00 pm). Data from weeks 1-6 were analyzed using a Mixed-Effects Location Scale Model in SAS PROC NLMIXED.
Results: Participants differed from each other in the degree to which physical activity self-efficacy varied from day to day (p = .03). Within-person variation in self-efficacy was negatively related to levels of brisk walking each week (p = .002), and decreased over time (p = .03).
Conclusions: Preliminary results suggest that fluctuations in self-efficacy may be as important for predicting short-term behavior as the overall or mean level of self-efficacy.
A Comparison of Error Correcting Output Coding Methods for Multiclass Classification by Using Support Vector Machine: The Prediction of Self-Monitoring of Blood Sugar
Authors: Aksehirli Özge , Ankarali Handan , Aydin Duygu , Baltaci Davut
Published: May 2013

SVMs were initially developed to perform binary classification. However, in many real-world problems, particularly pattern recocnation studies, aimed to determine the distinctive features of large number of class or group. For this reason, a number of methods to generate multiclass SVMs from binary SVMs have been proposed by researchers and this is still a continuing research topic. In this study we aimed to compare classification accuracy and computational cost of four multiclass approaches using a original and simulated data sets. Error Corrected Output Coding (ECOC) based multiclass approaches that is used in this study creates many binary classifiers and combines their results to determine the class label of a test pixel. As a result of the comparisons for all conditions examined in this study, it’s found that the classification accuracy and computational cost of One vs. One multiclass approach is better than the other multiclass approaches. In classification or pattern recognization problems, some of supervised machine learning methods or algorithms can be easily extended to multiclass problems. However, some other powerful and popular classifiers, such as AdaBoost and Support Vector Machines, do not extend to multiclass easily. In those situations, the usual way to proceed is to reduce the complexity of the multiclass problem into multiple simpler binary classification problems.
Predictive Models for the Management of Vesicoureteral Reflux from the View of Statisticians
Authors: Aryan Zahra , Kajbafzadeh Abdol-Mohammad
Published: May 2013

The management of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is one of the most challenging issues not only for pediatric urologists but also for pediatric nephrologists and all other related subspecialties. Urinary tract infections (UTI), pyelonephritis and renal scarring which may lead to deterioration in renal function are the common complications in a child presenting with VUR. Due to the patient heterogeneity and varying management options, patient selection for each treatment modality remains as a controversial issue. The different bio-statistical models have been used in order to disclose the factors affecting success of different management modalities and represent the incidence of possible complications. Bio-statistical models are useful to define variables which may help predict the outcome of disease during the different managements. Artificial neural networks (ANN) and regression models are popular methods employed to predict the outcome of urological abnormalities. Statistical models and ANNs provide an estimation of the probability of outcome that is of utmost importance in clinical decision. This study addresses both bio-statistical methods and ANNs employed to predict the outcome of VUR management and their clinical applications. To reach the best fit model that predicts the VUR outcome in a child, widespread knowledge regarding available bio-statistical methods is needed.
Crashworthiness
Authors: Astori Paolo , Airoldi Alessandro
Published: May 2013

Despite all efforts to reduce the risk of accidents, increasing accident survivability is still of utmost importance in aircraft design and certification.

Crashworthiness focuses on the design of those structural components and systems that can mitigate occupants’ injury risks, during a ground crash landing or ditching. It involves the design of landing gear response, floor/subfloor crushing pattern, seat/restraint system effectiveness, cabin structure integrity, and fuel system resistance. The topic is vast and complex because it involves large deformations, yielding, instability, ruptures, damage propagation, liquid–solid interaction, and other nonlinear events related to structures and materials.

The most direct approach is experimental testing on components or, rarely, full‐scale vehicles, which is obviously very expensive and can only be applied when a full‐scale vehicle is available, so very late in the development process; numerical modeling has therefore become a powerful tool for crashworthiness prediction and structural optimization.

Studies and requirements are usually focused on single components; for example, certification rules indicate crashworthy requirements for seats in all aircraft categories and fuel tanks on helicopters. Nevertheless, there is an increasing tendency to study larger parts of the aircraft to better understand the mutual interaction of components and assess the overall crash response.
Enantioselective Addition of Diphenylphosphine to 3‐Methyl‐4‐nitro‐5‐alkenylisoxazoles
Authors: Chew Renta Jonathan , Huang Yinhua , Li Yongxin , Pullarkat Sumod A. , Leung Pak‐Hing
Published: May 2013

An enantioselective Michael addition reaction of diphenylphosphine to substituted alkenylisoxazoles has been developed. The reaction proceeds efficiently under mild conditions with high yields (up to 99%) and moderate to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 92%) thus providing a hitherto unavailable direct access to a library of chiral tertiary phosphine‐functionalized isoxazoles.
Arthropathy, osteolysis, keloids, relapsing conjunctival pannus and gingival overgrowth: A variant of polyfibromatosis?
Authors: Cinotti Elisa , Ferrero Giulio , Paparo Francesco , Papadia Marina , Faravelli Francesca , Rongioletti Franco , Traverso Carlo , Di Maria Emilio
Published: May 2013

Polyfibromatosis is a rare fibrosing condition characterized by fibromatosis in different body areas and by keloid formation, and which can be associated with arthropathy and osteolysis. Familial occurrence has been described, but the cause remains unknown. Here, we describe a patient with characteristics of polyfibromatosis with arthropathy who had in addition severe conjunctival fibrosis, distinctive face, gingival overgrowth, and pigmented keloids. We discuss the resemblances and differences with polyfibromatosis and descriptions of other, similar patients. We conclude that at present it remains uncertain whether the patient has a variant of polyfibromatosis or a separate entity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
109 kb deletion of chromosome 4p16.3 in a patient with mild phenotype of Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome
Authors: Okamoto Nobuhiko , Ohmachi Kazumi , Shimada Shino , Shimojima Keiko , Yamamoto Toshiyuki
Published: May 2013

Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a contiguous gene deletion syndrome associated with growth retardation, developmental disabilities, epileptic seizures, and distinct facial features resulting from a deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4. The Wolf–Hirschhorn Syndrome Critical Region WHSCR2 includes the LETM1 gene and 5′ end of the WHSC1 gene. A haploinsufficiency of WHSC1 is thought to be responsible for a number of WHS characteristics. We report on a 2‐year‐old male with severe growth retardation, microcephaly and a characteristic facial appearance. He had no internal anomalies and his developmental milestones were mildly delayed. An array‐CGH analysis revealed loss of genomic copy numbers in the region 4p16.3, which included FGFR3, LETM1, and WHSC1. The size of the deletion was only 109 kb. The deletion included the important genes in WHSCR2. We suspect that haploinsufficiency of WHSC1 is the most probable cause of the growth deficiency, microcephaly, and characteristic facial features in WHS. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nasopalpebral Lipoma‐Coloboma syndrome: Clinical, radiological, and histopathological description of a novel sporadic case
Authors: Chacon‐Camacho Oscar F. , Lopez‐Martinez Monica S. , Vázquez Johanna , Nava‐Castañeda Angel , Martin‐Biasotti Fernando , Piña‐Aguilar Raul E. , Iñiguez‐Soto Marisol , Acosta‐García Job , Zenteno Juan C.
Published: May 2013

Nasopalpebral lipoma‐coloboma syndrome is an extremely uncommon autosomal dominant condition characterized by congenital upper eyelid and nasopalpebral lipomas, colobomata of upper and lower eyelids, telecanthus, and maxillary hypoplasia. A few familial and sporadic cases of this malformation syndrome have been previously reported. Here, the clinical, radiological, and histopathological features of a sporadic Mexican patient with the nasopalpebral lipoma‐coloboma syndrome are described. To our knowledge, this is the first time that craniofacial 3D computed tomography imaging was used for a detailed assessment of the facial lipoma. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Severe Cenani–Lenz syndrome caused by loss of LRP4 function
Authors: Kariminejad Ariana , Stollfuß Barbara , Li Yun , Bögershausen Nina , Boss Karin , Hennekam Raoul C.M. , Wollnik Bernd
Published: May 2013

Limb patterning and growth are complex embryonic processes in which the elaborately orchestrated interplay of diverse endocrine and paracrine factors is crucial to limb integrity. LRP4 is a lipoprotein receptor known for its regulatory effects on LRP5‐ and LRP6‐mediated Wnt signaling, a pathway that plays a pivotal role in limb development. Recessive mutations in LRP4 have been shown to cause Cenani–Lenz syndrome, which is characterized by severe limb malformations, an unusual face, and renal abnormalities. We report on a child with severe Cenani–Lenz syndrome caused by a novel homozygous nonsense mutation in LRP4. The severity of the phenotype in a patient with absent residual LRP4 function may point to a genotype–phenotype correlation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.