bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
National Development Plan as an Entrepreneurial Mechanism for Rural Economic Development in South Africa
Authors: Shava Elvin , Maramura Tafadzwa Clementine
Published: January 2020

Chapter 6 of the National Development Plan (NDP) accentuates on the impact of an integrated and inclusive rural economy by proposing for the creation 643 000 direct jobs and 326 000 indirect jobs in the farming and non-farming sector by 2030. Discussion within the study reveals that, the NDP was also designed to stimulate rural economic development among other important dynamic economic factors of the country. However, five years into the implementation of the NDP, remnants of inequality, unemployment and poverty are still apparent amongst the rural population. This paper indicates that the success of NDP as an entrepreneurial mechanism is being underpinned by contestations which are emanating from under-financing, lack of entrepreneurial education and research culture, negative attitudes of the people, corruption and red tape. Through a qualitative research approach, the paper observes that, for NDP to be continuously coordinated as an economic initiative, financing of rural projects such as small businesses, cooperatives and other rural development projects should be the governmentâ€™s key priority. The study concludes that entrepreneurship has to be considered as a prime mover in rural economic development in South Africa since an entrepreneurial economy significantly differs from a non-entrepreneurial one, as evidenced by the economic vigour and sustainable development of its inhabitants.
The Effectiveness of the Expanded Public Works Program in Promoting Local Economic Development: A case study of Zibambele Project, eThekwini Municipality
Authors: Zulu Nonkululeko , Nyawo Jabulani , Mashau Pfano
Published: January 2020

In South Africa, with the advent of democracy, the Expanded Public Works Programme was conceived as an employment strategy by government in order to alleviate poverty and promote a better standard of living for marginalised groups, particularly youth and women in South Africa. This is a qualitative exploratory research in which the data was collected through face-to-face interviews with beneficiaries. The researcher utilised the exploratory research in order to explore the effectiveness of the Zibambele Project at the local level, and to see how it creates employment opportunities for marginalised groups. The key focus of the literature review is on local economic development, with special reference to the poverty alleviation strategies as a guideline for economic growth at local levels. The findings show that the government-led programmes that eliminate poverty at the grassroots level as well as creating employment opportunities for marginalised are crucial. Furthermore, the study shows that the government programmes are more needed in order to tackle poverty and also increase local economic development in South Africa.
A Look at the Liquidity Management Practices of Banks in South Africa
Authors: Mashamba Tafirei , Kwenda Farai
Published: January 2020

In an effort to strengthen bank liquidity-risk management practices, the Basel Committee proposed new liquidity requirements for banks in 2010 under the Basel III framework. However, despite the good intentions of the liquidity requirements the new regulations are likely to present some challenges for banks in the course of managing their liquidity. However, before any inference can be made about the possible implications of the liquidity standards on bank liquidity management practices, it is imperative to have insight into the current liquidity management strategies of banks. This paper seeks to determine the current liquidity management practices of banks in South Africa by examining whether South African banks have target liquidity levels which they pursue and also by determining the variables that drive bank liquidity ratios. The study sample comprised six commercial banks operating in South Africa over the period 1993 to 2009. For analysis, a partial adjustment model was developed and estimated using the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator. The rate at which South African banks adjust their balance sheets was estimated at 8%. This adjustment speed implies that South African banks adjust their balance sheets slowly â€“ probably due to high adjustment costs. Thus, South African listed banks have passively managed their liquidity and partially adjust their liquidity levels in an attempt to reach the optimal level. Furthermore, the following variables were considered to be the main drivers of liquidity ratios in South Africa: bank size, capital adequacy, loan loss reserves, and financial crisis.
The use of Postponement Decisions in Determining Supply Chain Strategies of Light Vehicle Manufacturers in South Africa
Authors: Ambe Intaher Marcus
Published: January 2020

This article investigates the use of postponement decisions in determining the supply chain strategies of light vehicle manufacturers in South Africa. The article is exploratory and descriptive in nature. A survey was conducted among light vehicle manufacturers and the findings analysed by means of descriptive statistics. The results revealed that postponement decisions could be used to determine the supply chain architecture used by light vehicle manufacturers in South Africa. With regard to postponement decisions, the study found that all the light vehicle manufacturers made use of a lean supply chain strategy, while a few made use of an agile supply chain strategy. The results also revealed that all the production lines engaged in full speculation based on projected forecasting, and therefore employed a lean supply chain strategy. In terms of the postponement decisions made in line with the parent company of origin, European manufacturers 1 and 2 kept a work-in-progress inventory of stock to be customised for a particular customer. These manufacturers thus employed a lean and agile supply chain strategy, while most of the manufacturers adopted a lean supply chain strategy. All the manufacturers, except Asian manufacturer 1 and the American manufacturer, employed both lean and agile supply chain strategies. Therefore, the majority of the light vehicle manufacturers employed lean supply chain strategies in their inbound and outbound supply chain, while a few employed an agile supply chain strategy in their outbound supply chain, there by indicating leaglity. The article provides evidence of some form of postponement practice being followed by light vehicle manufacturers.
The Current Zimbabwean Liquidity Crisis: A Review of its Precipitates
Authors: Dlamini Banele , Mbira Leonard
Published: January 2020

The liquidity crisis has beleaguered banks and has been bedeviling companies since 2009, after the introduction of the multi-currency system which has affected the Zimbabwean economic development. This research paper aims at investigating the causes of the liquidity crisis faced in the Zimbabwean economy. The study used survey design and researcher administered questionnaires in collecting data from the respondents located in Harare, Bulawayo, Gweru and Masvingo. Out of the 200 questionnaires issued, 150 were successfully completed and returned resulting in a response rate of 75%. The study also used secondary data obtained from government agencies on export and import performance. SPSS AMOS was used to test the hypothesis raised and generate a path model determining the size and strength of the direct and indirect influence between the predictor variables and the downstream variable. The study identifies the following antecedents of liquidity crisis; public and investor confidence, country risk, and externalization of funds, illicit financial flows, and net export performance as significant drivers that have an effect on the current liquidity crisis. The results showed that the absence of the lender of last resort role by the central bank has no significant contribution to the liquidity crisis currently obtaining. It is recommended that the government focuses on the aforementioned antecedents in order to address the liquidity crisis.
Asymmetric Information and Volatility of Stock Returns in Nigeria
Authors: Omokehinde Joshua Odutola , Abata Matthew Adeolu , Russell Olukayode , Migiro Stephen Oseko , Somoye Christopher
Published: January 2020

This paper investigates the effect of asymmetric information on volatility of stock returns in Nigeria using the best-fit Asymmetric Power Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity, APARCH (1,1) model, under the Generalized Error Distribution (GED) at 1% significance level from 3 January 2000 to 29 November 2016. The descriptive statistical results showed that the returns were not normally and linearly distributed, with strong evidence of a heteroskedasticity effect. The results of the analysis also confirmed the effect of asymmetric information on the volatility of stock returns in the Nigerian stock market. The asymmetric parameter (Î³) was negative at (-1.00), which is statistically significant at 1% level. This confirms that there is an asymmetric or leverage effect where bad news had a more destabilizing effect on the volatility of stock returns than good news. The total impact of bad news on volatility was explosive at 2.0, during the period under review. Also, the volatility persistence which is measured by the sum of ARCH(Î±) and GARCH(Î²) stood at 1.695950. This is above unity and suggests that volatility takes a long time to attenuate in Nigeria. This could be largely ascribed to the persistent effect of the 2008 global financial crisis, which probably eroded investorsâ€™ confidence in the market.
Trade Liberalization, Consumption, and Real Exchange Rate in Seven ASEAN+6 Countries
Authors: Setiawan Sigit
Published: January 2020

Trade liberalization has been mushrooming in the globalization era. The trade liberalization policy adoption by one country will be followed shortly by another. Although trade liberalization policy is strongly advocated by international organizations, a few prominent economists argue there is no â€˜one fits for allâ€™ policy. Thus, the policy effect altogether with other relevant aspects still needs to be explored in case by case basis, including ASEAN+6 regions. This paper is intended to analyze the relationship of trade liberalization and consumption on the real exchange rate in seven ASEAN+6 countries â€“ the most dynamic region during period 2000 â€“ 2011, a period covering subprime mortgage crisis. With data panel approach, the paper investigates the relationship of trade liberalization and consumption on real exchange rate while taking into account level of countryâ€™s income and crisis effect. The resulted model finds significant relationship in the overall and individual effect of tariff and terms of trade change as proxies of trade liberalization, consumption, level of countryâ€™s income, and subprime mortgage crisis on real exchange rate.
Informal Entrepreneurship as a Poverty Alleviation Mechanism in Zimbabwe: Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Gunhidzirai Constance , Tanga Pius T.
Published: January 2020

Informal entrepreneurship is a source of livelihood which provides employment and income to poor households in Chitungwiza Municipality in Zimbabwe. The dominant entrepreneurial activities are street vending, foreign currency exchange, urban farming, and home industries and cross border trading. The research approach that underpins this study is a triangulation of qualitative and quantitative. A semi-structured questionnaire and an interview guide were the instruments used in collecting data. The study sample was made up of 156 respondents that comprised informal entrepreneurs, social workers, municipal officials and community development practitioners from Chitungwiza Municipality. The findings revealed that few informal entrepreneurs are benefitting whereas the majority are failing to improve household income due to stiff competition, limited funding, poor infrastructure and harsh municipal policies. The paper recommends that the government of Zimbabwe should build infrastructure (shelters) for the informal entrepreneurs in their designated area of work.
Weak Form Market Efficiency of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange: Pre, During and Post the 2008 Global Financial Crisis
Authors: Fusthane Olwetu , M Kapingura F
Published: January 2020

The importance of the efficiency of the stock market cannot be underestimated, given the critical role the stock market plays through brings together those who demand and supply development finance. It is against this background that this study focused on analysing the weak form efficiency of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange for the period 2005 to 2016 utilising several methodologies which include unit root tests, autocorrelation test and variance ratio. The empirical results from unit root tests indicated that the null hypothesis of a random walk could not be rejected. The same also applied to the autocorrelation test and variance ratio test except for a few instances. Thus irrespective of the few instances which represent the inefficiency of the market, to a greater extent there is evidence of the market being weak form efficient. Thus even though the work done towards ensuring that the market is efficient is commendable, there is need to ensure that further steps are taken to enhance the efficiency of the market. This is, to some extent suggest that investors are able to make abnormal profits from the market.
Human Capital, Higher Education Enrolment and Economic Growth in the SSA Countries (Panel Model Approach)
Authors: W. Akinola G. , G. Bokana K.
Published: January 2020

This study offers exploratory analysis on the relationship among human capital, higher education enrolment and economic growth in SSA countries. With data from twenty-two African countries across the four economic blocs, five variables which include human capital formation, capital stock, employment rate, total factor productivity and higher education enrolment were regressed against gross domestic product per capital. Panel analysis which includes fixed and random effects analyses were carried out. We report results from fixed effect (within) regression as Hausman test suggests. It was discovered that SADC countries perform better among the four economic blocs. To further study individual country specific effects, we employ least square dummy variables (LSDV). Sixteen countries out of twenty-two exhibit specific effects. Our findings revealed that enrolment rate of higher education in SSA have a very weak relationship with economic growth in the SSA countries. This reflects why there is a weak relationship between economic growth and the total factor productivity and consequently negative consequential effects on our total factor productivity. The main policy implication is that for SSA countries to maintain sustainable economic growth, home based human capital must be given a priority in the form of increased higher education budget and financing.
On the geometry of trans-para-Sasakian manifolds
Authors: Zamkovoy Simeon
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we introduce the trans-para-Sasakian manifolds and we study
their geometry. These manifolds are an analogue of the trans-Sasakian
manifolds in the Riemannian geometry. We shall investigate many curvature
properties of these manifolds and we shall give many conditions under which
the manifolds are either ?-Einstein or Einstein manifolds.
Strong consistency rates of estimators in semi-parametric errors-in-variables model with missing responses
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Zhang Linran
Published: January 2020

In this article, we focus on the semi-parametric error-in-variables model
with missing responses: yi = ?i? + g(ti)+ ?i,xi = ?i + ?i, where yi are
the response variables missing at random, (?i,ti) are design points, ?i are
the potential variables observed with measurement errors ?i, the unknown
slope parameter ? and nonparametric component g(?) need to be estimate. Here
we choose three different approaches to estimate ? and g(?). Under
appropriate conditions, we study the strong consistency rates for the
proposed estimators. In general, we concluded that the strong consistency
rates for all estimators can achieve o(n-1/4).
On the Hermite-Hadamard inequalities for h-convex functions on balls and ellipsoids
Authors: Wang Xiaoqian , Ruan Jianmiao , Ma Xinsheng
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we establish some Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for h-
convex function on high-dimensional balls and ellipsoids, which extend some
known results. Some mappings connected with these inequalities and related
results are also obtained.
Existence of solutions for a system of Chandrasekhar’s equations in Banach algebras underweak topology
Authors: Fahem Amor , Jeribi Aref , Kaddachi Najib
Published: January 2020

This paper is devoted to the study of a coupled system within fractional
integral equations in suitable Banach algebra. In particular, we are
concerned with a quadratic integral equations of Chandrasekhar type. The
existence of solutions will be proved by applying fixed point theorem of a 2 x 2 block operator matrix defined on a nonempty, closed and convex subset of
Banach algebra where the entries are weakly sequentially continuous
operators.
Glucagon Resistance at the Level of Amino Acid Turnover in Obese Subjects With Hepatic Steatosis
Authors: Suppli Malte P. , Bagger Jonatan I. , Lund Asger , Demant Mia , van Hall Gerrit , Strandberg Charlotte , Kønig Merete J. , Rigbolt Kristoffer , Langhoff Jill L. , Wewer Albrechtsen Nicolai J. , Holst Jens J. , Vilsbøll Tina , Knop Filip K.
Published: January 2020

Glucagon secretion is regulated by circulating glucose, but it has turned out that amino acids also play an important role and that hepatic amino acid metabolism and glucagon are linked in a mutual feedback cycle, the liver–α-cell axis. On the basis of this knowledge, we hypothesized that hepatic steatosis might impair glucagon’s action on hepatic amino acid metabolism and lead to hyperaminoacidemia and hyperglucagonemia. We subjected 15 healthy lean and 15 obese steatotic male participants to a pancreatic clamp with somatostatin and evaluated hepatic glucose and amino acid metabolism when glucagon was at basal levels and at high physiological levels. The degree of steatosis was evaluated from liver biopsy specimens. Total RNA sequencing of liver biopsy specimens from the obese steatotic individuals revealed perturbations in the expression of genes predominantly involved in amino acid metabolism. This group was characterized by fasting hyperglucagonemia, hyperaminoacidemia, and no lowering of amino acid levels in response to high levels of glucagon. Endogenous glucose production was similar between lean and obese individuals. Our results suggest that hepatic steatosis causes resistance to the effect of glucagon on amino acid metabolism. This results in increased amino acid concentrations and increased glucagon secretion, providing a likely explanation for fatty liver–associated hyperglucagonemia.
Kualitas Produk, Pelayanan, dan Loyalitas Pelanggan Dimana Kepuasan Sebagai Variabel Intervening pada UKM Start Up Pariwisata Kombuchi Brewing Co, Bali
Authors: Tripayana Satya , Pramono Jaya
Published: January 2020

Research on start-up SMEs in tourism is still very rare. This study explains the effect of product quality and service quality on customer loyalty through customer satisfaction as an intervening variable on 'Kombuchi Brewing Co' as start up company for SMEs in tourism. Survey was conducted by using questionnaires to 120 respondents. Data were analyzed using Path Analysis and Sobel Test. The conclusion of this study stated that product quality and service quality had a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. On the other side, product quality and service quality had indirect and significant effect on loyalty through customer satisfaction.
Faktor Pelayanan Publik, Informasi Perpajakan Dan Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak dalam Meningkatkan Kesadaran Masyarakat Membayar Pajak
Authors: Djaha Permenas , Pradnyani Ni Luh Putu Sri Purnama
Published: January 2020

This research is about public service factors, taxation information and taxpayer compliance in increasing public awareness of paying taxes in Tabanan Regency for the 2013-2017 period. Data collection techniques used were questionnaires and documentation. The number of respondents selected in this study were 100 people who are taxpayers who pay taxes to the Tabanan Primary Tax Service Office. The data analysis technique used was factor analysis. The tax awareness factor has an eigen value of 3.892% with a variant percentage value of 19.462%, a tax service factor has an eigen value of 10.967% with a percentage of variance of 54.837%. The tax information factor has an eigen value of 1.674% with a variance of 8.337% while the tax compliance factor with an eigen value of 1.474% with a variance of 7.367%. From the results of data analysis, the most dominant factor influencing public awareness in paying taxes was the tax service. Therefore the Tabanan Primary Tax Service Office employees had to continue maintaining and more improving their service quality  to taxpayers.
Deskripsi Pelaksanaan Kesehatan Dan Keselamatan Kerja (K3) Di Perusahaan Panca Jaya
Authors: Ningsih Wulan , Ferijani Agatha
Published: January 2020

This research aimed to know how is the description of Occupational Health and Safety in Panca Jaya Company. The research subject was one as the owner of this noodle company. The primary data was about occupational health and safety of the company employees, taken by in depth interview. Based on data obtained, it was concluded that the program was conducted but still can be developed. The company provided medecines and first aid for accidents, work health and safety socialization. They also gave the employees BPJS and JAMSOSTEK (social security services), and the tool for fire extinguisher and first aid help (P3K). The company pro actively protect the employees but the first aid tools remained not in good condition and  needed maintenance.
PENGEMBANGAN ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR (OCB) MELALUI PENINGKATAN WORKPLACE SPIRITUALITY DAN ISLAMIC WORK ETHICS
Authors: Pudjihastuti Sri Hindah , Astuti Endang Dwi
Published: January 2020

The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of workplace spirituality (organizational spirituality and individual spirituality) on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), with Islamic work ethics as an intervening variable. The population in this study are professionals consisting of teaching staff and company managers. The respondents who participated were 200 professionals. The results showed that the organizational spiritual dimension has significant influence on Islamic work ethics and OCB. In addition, Islamic work ethics has a significant influence on OCB. However, the dimensions of individual spirituality have no influence on Islamic work ethics or OCB. The implication of the results of the study shows the important role of Islamic work ethics in mediating the relationship between workplace spirituality and OCB. In addition, OCB development for professionals can be done with a spirituality approach that is organizational in nature and also by increasing Islamic work ethics.
Doing business in the Islamic world: a cultural approach from the Hofstede Model
Authors: Pérez-Huertas José Luis , Barquín-Rotchford Georgina
Published: January 2020

This document presents an analysis of the Hofstede cultural dimensions in countries that conform to the Islamic world with the objective to determine whether they constitute a homogenous culture, or if, on the contrary, no commonality exists between the sample countries. The analysis of the data shows that, while for some of the parameters it is possible to speak of a uniform culture, there are other parameters in which the Islamic countries show an elevated variable.
Doing business in Islamic countries: an overview
Authors: Andreu Escario Angel
Published: January 2020

The access of Western companies -in particular the Spanish ones- to countries and markets where strong presence of Islam religion is consistent and significant. The relevance of this business target and model is growing, due to the combination of several factors: the relative higher growth of this religion and the prevalence of the religious practices in the economies and cultures,  the more accelerated (on average) economic development despite the specific crisis and oil price turmoil,   the international expansion of partnerships and foreign investments that many of these countries are addressing, the consolidation of a synergic “Islamic economy and business practice” usually restrained and limited to similar Islamic countries but nowadays more tolerant to non-Islamic ones, and the progressing opening of these countries and economies to global rules of commerce, intellectual property, business ownership and international operations.  There is kind of a global consensus on the positive forecast of these trends, that will make the key direction of development of most of these countries in the next years.
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) Terhadap Kadar LDL Darah Mencit
Authors: Dharma Surya , Fitrini Fitrini , Zulkarni Zulkarni
Published: January 2020

Daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum) mengandung senyawa  yang salah satunya flavonoid, dimana besar peranannya sebagai anti oksidan dalam pembuluh darah di jantung dan otak. Antioksidan diasumsikan dapat menghambat peradangan yang disebabkan oleh tingginya kadar LDL  dalam pembuluh darah. LDL merupakan lemak jenuh yang bersifat radikal bebas yang dapat menimbulkan peradangan pada pembuluh darah. Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan agar kandungan senyawa flavonoid ini mampu mengantisipasi pembentukan radang di dalam pembuluh darah, sehingga aterosklerosis dan trombosis dapat dicegah. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan optimalisasi kadar LDL dalam darah dengan cara pemberian kuning telur puyuh. Hewan uji terdiri atas 5 kelompok setiap kelompok terdiri dari 6 ekor mencit. Kelompok 1 merupakan kelompok yang hanya diberikan makanan standar, CMC dan air. Kelompok 2 adalah kelompok yang diberikan kuning telur selama 14 hari. Kelompok 3,4 dan 5 diberikan variasi dosis ekstrak sirih merah secara berurutan (200, 280 dan 400 mg/kg BB). Penelitian dilakukan selama 21 hari, diamati pada hari ke 7, 14 dan 21. Kadar LDL diukur menggunakan alat Lipid Pro. Setelah dihitung diperoleh data bahwa pemberian dosis 400 mg/kg BB pada pengamatan hari ke 14 dan 21, merupakan dosis yang mampu menurunkan kadar LDL darah secara maksimal (p<0,05) baik berdasarkan hasil data yang diperoleh maupun dihitung dalam bentuk persentase. Efek dalam bentuk persentase, dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif disetiap waktu pengamatan yang sama. Pemberian ekstrak daun sirih merah dosis 400 mg/kgBB pada hari ke 14 dan 21, mampu menurunkan kadar LDL dengan maksimal (p<0.05) pada mencit putih sebagai hewan uji.
Studi Fitokimia pada Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale Roscoe Var. Sunti Val)
Authors: Herawati Irma Erika , Saptarini Nyi Mekar
Published: January 2020

Jahe merah merupakan tanaman obat berupa tumbuhan rumpun berbatang semu, termasuk keluarga Zingiberaceae. Jahe merah banyak dimanfaatkan untuk mengobati berbagai macam penyakit seperti masuk angin, gangguan pencernaan, antipiretik, antiinflamasi, dan juga analgesik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar flavonoid dari jahe merah, identifikasi senyawa flavonoid, dan aktivitas antioksidan dari jahe merah. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah refluks dengan campuran pelarut etanol 96%:HCl 12N. Metode pengujian kadar flavonoid dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode komplek flavonoid:AlCl3. Pemisahan senyawa flavonoid dilakukan dengan metode kromatografi kolom menggunakan gradien pelarut. Identifikasi senyawa flavonoid dilakukan dengan pereaksi geser pada Spektrofotometri UV.  Pengukuran aktivitas antioksidan jahe merah dilakukan dengan metode DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). Pengukuran kadar flavonoid jahe merah dilakukan pada pelarut etanol 96% serta campuran etanol 96% dan HCl 12 N dengan perbandingan 98 : 2 ; 96 : 4 ; 94 : 6. Didapatkan kadar flavonoid tertinggi pada jahe merah, yaitu pada campuran pelarut etanol 96%:HCl 12N (98:2). Pemisahan senyawa flavonoid menggunakan 21 gradien pelarut, fraksi 12 dan 13 kemudian dilakukan identifikasi dengan pereaksi geser pada Spektrofotometri UV. Uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak jahe merah dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode DPPH. Nilai IC50 ekstrak jahe merah adalah 57,14 ppm.  Kadar flavonoid rimpang jahe merah pada pelarut etanol 96%:HCl 12N (98:2) adalah 0,0068%. Identifikasi senyawa flavonoid pada ekstrak jahe merah menunjukkan bahwa senyawa flavonoid yang terdapat pada jahe merah adalah 7-4’-dihidroksiflavon. Dengan nilai IC50 57,14 ppm ekstrak jahe merah termasuk kategori antioksidan kuat.
Pola Penggunaan Antibiotik Dalam Swamedikasi Pada Mahasiswa Tahun Pertama Bersama (TPB) Universitas Mataram
Authors: Fatmah Siti , Aini Siti Rahmatul , Pratama Iman Surya
Published: January 2020

Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat dalam swamedikasi sering terjadi di berbagai kalangan tak terkecuali mahasiswa. Ketidaktepatan penggunaan menyebabkan peningkatan resiko efek samping dan resistensi antibiotik sehingga diperlukan implementasi swamedikasi yang tepat. Studi pola penggunaan obat pada kalangan mahasiswa di Kota Mataram masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pola penggunaan antibiotik dalam swamedikasi pada mahasiswa TPB Universitas Mataram. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang (cross sectional) dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif pada 400 mahasiswa TPB yang dipilih secara acak. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret-Juli 2018 di Unit Pelaksana Tahun Pertama Bersama Universitas Mataram. Data karakteristik demografi dan pola penggunaan antibiotik diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner. Data karakteristik demografi meliputi nama, nim, alamat, asal sekolah, asal fakultas, dan kontak responden. Pola penggunaan antibiotik meliputi alasan penggunaan, indikasi, sumber mendapatkan, lama terapi, dan efek samping  Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif. Dari 421 mahasiswa, 379 pernah menggunakan antibiotik. Mahasiswa terdiri dari 119 laki-laki dan 260 perempuan dengan rata-rata usia 17-18 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan antibiotik untuk mengobati flu dan batuk selama 1-3 hari (43%). Antibiotik diperoleh dengan mudah di apotek berdasarkan rekomendasi tenaga kesehatan (49,6%). Antibiotik jika digunakan berlebihan dapat meningkatkan resiko efek samping seperti mual muntah 35,9%. Penggunaan dihentikan jika efek samping terjadi dan berkonsultasi ke dokter (51,7%). Penggunaan antibiotik dalam swamedikasi pada mahasiswa TPB masih belum tepat ditinjau dari pola penggunaan antibiotik.
Formulasi Gel Nanopartikel Ekstrak Temulawak (Curcuma xantohrriza roxb.) Berbasis Kitosan Na-Tripolifosfat sebagai Antiacne
Authors: Rahmat Deni , Wirawan Deny
Published: January 2020

Temulawak mempunyai berbagai aktivitas biologi, diantaranya, antikanker, antiinflamsi dan antibakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memformulasi sediaan gel yang mengandung nanopartikel ekstrak rimpang temulawak sebagai antiacne. Gel yang terbentuk dievaluasi secara fisik meliputi: organoleptik, homogenitas, viskositas dan sifat alir, kemampuan menyebar; serta dilakukan evaluasi kimia yaitu pemeriksaan pH dan pemeriksaan mikrobiologi. Hasil menunjukkan baik gel ekstrak temulawak maupun gel nanopartikel ekstrak temulawak tidak mengalami perubahan warna dan tetap homogen. Viskositas gel ekstrak temulawak berkisar 153142,86 - 156333,33 cPs sedangkan gel nanopartikel ekstrak temulawak berkisar 133416,67 - 152702,38 cPs. Kemampuan menyebar gel ekstrak temulawak berkisar 56,53 - 58,46 mm sedangkan pada formula gel nanopartikel ekstrak temulawak berkisar 58,19 - 58,94 mm. Nilai pH gel ekstrak temulawak berkisar 7,1 sedangkan gel nanopartikel ekstrak berkisar 6,5. Daya hambat gel ekstrak temulawak berkisar 22,7 - 23 mm, sedangkan gel nanopartikel ekstrak temulawak berkisar 26,3 - 26,95 mm. Aktivitas antibakteri gel terbesar adalah gel nanopartikel ekstrak temulawak. Dengan demikian, gel nanopartikel ekstrak temulawak dapat berpotensi sebagai sediaan gel antiacne
Gambaran Reaksi Obat Yang Tidak Dikehendaki pada Pengobatan Tuberkulosis di Puskesmas Kabupaten “X” Yogyakarta dan Hubungannya dengan Kepatuhan Minum Obat
Authors: Dewi Lucia VIta Inandha , Hakim Lukman , Sismindan Sismindan , Ngatidjan Ngatidjan , Putra Soni Prabowo
Published: January 2020

Pemantauan Reaksi Obat Tidak Dikehendaki (ROTD) perlu dilakukan pada pasien tuberkulosis untuk menjamin keamanan selama pengobatan dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien mengingat banyaknya jenis obat yang digunakan dan durasi pengobatan yang cukup lama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran ROTD yang terdiri dari : jenis, jumlah kejadian, dan waktu timbul, serta mencari hubungan antara terjadinya ROTD dengan kepatuhan minum obat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan studi kohort terhadap 33 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, di beberapa puskesmas kabupaten X Yogyakarta, pada tahun 2017. Data ROTD didapat dari hasil wawancara dan pengisian lembar isian yang terdiri dari 12 macam pilihan ROTD mayor dan minor, data kepatuhan didapat dari pengisian kuesioner dengan metode Morisky Modification Adherence Scalle (MMAS)-8. Dari keseluruhan subyek yang diteliti  66,6 %  mengalami ROTD, 4,5%  mengalami lebih dari 5 jenis ROTD, 31,8%  mengalami 3 jenis, 27,27%  mengalami 2 jenis, dan 31,8%  mengalami 1 jenis. Dari 12 jenis ROTD yang diamati, terdapat 51 kejadian ROTD, dengan 11,76% kategori mayor yaitu gatal pada kulit dan gangguan penglihatan, serta 88,2%  kategori minor. Gangguan pencernaan adalah jenis ROTD paling banyak dialami yaitu sebanyak 69% kejadian, sementara kram otot dan demam masing-masing sebesar 1,9%. Dari 66,6%  subyek yang mengalami ROTD tercatat kejadian timbulnya ROTD terbanyak terjadi pada 1 hingga 4 minggu setelah minum obat. Hasil uji chi-square antara kejadian ROTD dan tingkat kepatuhan menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara kejadian ROTD dengan tingkat kepatuhan, taraf sig 0,602 > 0,05. Kejadian ROTD dialami oleh beberapa subyek penelitian terdiri dari ROTD mayor dan minor, namun tidak mempengaruhi tingkat kepatuhan minum obat pasien.
Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Ekstrak dan Variasi Volume Ekstrak Terhadap Karakteristik Nanopartikel Ikan Haruan (Channa striata) Asal Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Rahmawanty Dina , Muhammad Ridwan Ali , Happy Ratnapuri Prima , Nani Kartinah
Published: January 2020

Ikan Haruan (Channa striata) mengandung asam amino esensial dan protein yang dapat membantu proses penyembuhan luka, memiliki sifat hidrofilik dan stabilitas yang rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh variasi konsentrasi ekstrak ikan haruan dan variasi volume ekstrak ikan haruan terhadap karakteristik nanopartikel yang dihasilkan yaitu ukuran partikel, distribusi ukuran partikel, indeks polidispersitas, dan pengendapan. Metode pembuatan nanopartikel pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode gelasi ionik dengan menggunakan ekstrak ikan haruan sebagai zat aktif dan kitosan serta NaTPP sebagai agen sambung silang. Rasio volume kitosan : tripolipospat yang digunakan adalah 5:1. Variasi konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan adalah 2 mg/ml, 4 mg/ml, dan 6 mg/ml. Variasi volume ekstrak yang ditambahkan adalah 1 ml dan 5 ml. Hasil yang diperoleh penambahan 1 ml volume ekstrak ikan haruan dengan variasi konsentrasi 2 mg / ml, 4 mg / ml, dan 6 mg / ml menghasilkan nanopartikel dengan ukuran partikel 318,5 nm, 361,1 nm, dan 403,5 nm. Terdapat peningkatan ukuran nanopartikel ikan haruan pada penambahan 5 ml volume ekstrak ikan haruan yaitu 1679,3 nm, 1114 nm dan 1554 nm. Distribusi ukuran partikel berdasarkan nilai indeks polidispersitas semua formula memiliki nilai Pdi < 0,7 menunjukkan bahwa nanopartikelikan haruan yang dihasilkan monodisperse. Pada pengamatan kejernihan secara visual selama 7 hari tidak terjadi pengendapan. Kesimpulan yang dapat diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah variasi konsentrasi ekstrak dan variasi volume ekstrak ikan haruan memiliki pengaruh pada karakteristik nanopartikel ikan haruan yaitu ukuran partikel. Penambahan volume ekstrak pada formula dengan konsentrasi ekstrak yang sama akan terjadi peningkatan ukuran partikel nanopartikel.
Aktivitas Penghambatan Denaturasi Albumin dan Efek Anti-Inflamasi Campuran Ekstrak Herba Meniran, Daun Kelor, Daun Salam
Authors: Laksmitawati Dian Ratih , Tiffani Claudia
Published: January 2020

Kombinasi herbal dalam satu formula memiliki keuntungan antara lain sinergisitas efek. Daun salam, daun kelor dan herba meniran dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas anti-inflamasi, namun dalam bentuk kombinasinya belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menetapkan aktivitas anti-inflamasi dari meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.), daun kelor (Moringa oleifera Lamk) dan daun salam (Syzigium polyanthum (Wight) Walp) dalam bentuk tunggal dan kombinasinya secara in vitro dan in vivo. Metode : Metode pengujian aktivitas antiinflamasi in vitro menggunakan metode penghambatan denaturasi albumin sedangkan uji in vivo menggunakan metode edema pada telapak kaki tikus putih jantan. Ketiga daun dari tanaman tersebut masing-masing dibuat ekstrak dengan maserasi etanol 70%. Sebagai sampel uji in vitro, dibuat 7 macam yaitu : ekstrak meniran (M) tunggal, ekstrak kelor (K), tunggal ekstrak salam (S) tunggal  dan ekstrak kombinasi M:K:S dengan perbandingan  = 1:1:1, 2:1:1, 1:2:1, 1:1:2. Ekstrak dengan aktivitas antiinflamasi in vitro tertinggi akan diujikan secara in vivo. Hasil dari pengujian in vitro menunjukkan persen inhibisi denaturasi albumin tertinggi pada kombinasi meniran : kelor : salam (1:2:1) sebesar 60,04% ± 0,32 dan secara in vivo diperoleh persen penghambatan edema kaki tikus yang diinduksi karagenan sebesar 9,06%. Aktivitas penghambatan denaturasi albumin Na diklofenak sebagai kontrol adalah 84,06% dan secara invivo sebesar 41,21%. Aktivitas anti-inflamasi in vivo ektrak tunggal meniran sebesar 19,59%. Kombinasi ekstrak daun meniran, kelor dan salam dengan perbandingan 1:2:1 mempunyai aktivitas antiinflamasi melalui metode penghambatan denaturasi albumin yang cukup besar (60,04%), namun aktivitas penghambatan radang kaki tikus tidak sebaik in vitronya (9,06%).
Nutraceuticals in food and pharmacy. A Review
Authors: SAWICKA BARBARA HELENA , ZIARATI PARISA , KROCHMAL-MARCZAK BARBARA , SKIBA DOMINIKA
Published: January 2020

The increase in consumer awareness about food and health has led to an increase in the demand for food containing biologically active compounds, especially antioxidants, which can help the human body fight the oxidative stress. Many unconventional or new sources of antioxidants have been discovered, which is a priority not only for food, but also for the pharmaceutical industry. It has been shown that not only raw materials, but also waste from fruit and vegetable processing contains valuable molecules, such as: proteins, essential amino acids, antioxidants, dietary fibers, natural pigments, or aromatic compounds, that can be extracted, purified and modernized in food products or pharmaceuticals with added value. This is the basis of huge potential of not only plant and biotechnology raw materials, but also food waste for the use as a source of antioxidants.
Steam explosion of wood particles from fibreboard and particle board with indirect control by enzymatic hydrolysis
Authors: Pažitný Andrej
Published: January 2020

Pretreatment of particles obtained from lignocellulosic materials by steam explosion with indirect control by enzymatic hydrolysis has been studied. The dendromass pretreatment model has been applied for recycled fibreboard and particle board based on softwood. Their structure and chemical composition partly predetermine these lignocellulosic materials consisting of a mixture of spruce and fir particles also for bioethanol production. Optimum steam explosion temperature of 205 °C was determined based on the concentration of total monosaccharides — glucose, xylose and arabinose, among all experimentally prepared hydrolysates. This corresponds to basic conditions for fine disintegration of biomass to lignocellulosic structure with good holocellulose accessibility. Particles obtained from fibreboard and particle board primarily consisting of softwood without steam explosion pretreatment provide relatively low cellulose accessibility for commercial enzymes activity while monosaccharides concentration is partly reduced because of torrefaction at high temperatures. The concentration of monosaccharides in hydrolysates was determined for original sample and each steam explosion temperature. Based on the steam explosion conditions, the effect of severity factors was investigated to find optimum pretreatment conditions to increase accessibility of softwood cellulose and hemicelluloses. The identified optimum severity factor RO
= 4.09 matches the optimum steam explosion temperature of 205 °C and the residence time of 10 minutes.
Selectedin vitro methods to determine antioxidant activity of hydrophilic/lipophilic substances
Authors: Ácsová Aneta , Martiniaková Silvia , Hojerová Jarmila
Published: January 2020

The topic of free radicals and related antioxidants is greatly discussed nowadays. Antioxidants help to neutralize free radicals before damaging cells. In the absence of antioxidants, a phenomenon called oxidative stress occurs. Oxidative stress can cause many diseases e.g. Alzheimer’s disease and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, antioxidant activity of various compounds and the mechanism of their action have to be studied. Antioxidant activity and capacity are measured by in vitro and in vivo methods; in vitro methods are divided into two groups according to chemical reactions between free radicals and antioxidants. The first group is based on the transfer of hydrogen atoms (HAT), the second one on the transfer of electrons (ET). The most frequently used methods in the field of antioxidant power measurement are discussed in this work in terms of their principle, mechanism, methodology, the way of results evaluation and possible pitfalls.
Words That Go Together: Teaching Collocations in the EFL Classroom
Authors: Nagy Tünde
Published: January 2020

Using the right collocations in a foreign language is often a challenge for language learners who may not be familiar with their use and characteristics. After presenting the types of collocations and the importance they have in the acquisition of a foreign language, the paper draws attention to the necessity of raising students’ awareness of collocations, and at the same time it reflects on possible ways of teaching them. Focusing especially on verb-noun collocations, the paper examines the learning materials used in the EFL classes at Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Miercurea Ciuc, with special regard to the exercises on these constructions. In line with construction grammar theories (Goldberg 1995, 1997, 2006), it is assumed that collocations are to be treated as constructions, pairings of form and meaning, including patterns with different degrees of predictability. Collocations, consisting of both predictable (e. g. read a book, blue sky) and non-predictable forms (e. g. run a program, safe and sound) can be more easily remembered if regarded as constructions where all the constituent elements contribute to the meaning of the construction as a whole (but whose meaning is more than the sum of the constituent elements). In order to gain a better understanding of collocations, the use of electronic corpora and electronic databases as well as additional materials on collocations that would complement the language materials used in class is highly encouraged. By making use of these resources, students can see examples of everyday language use and become more aware of the use of collocations as well as the similarities and differences between them in different languages.
Linguistic Mediation in the Digital Age
Authors: Horváth Ildikó
Published: January 2020

Technological advances have had an impact not only on the translation but also on the interpretation market. Furthermore, with the advent and widespread use of new information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the field of language mediation, the professions traditionally called “translation” and “interpreting” have been transformed by the digital revolution. In times of upheaval, profound changes can be felt in the market, the working environment, the conditions and processes as well as in the way language mediators work, the tasks they carry out, and the roles they play in the translation process. In the present article, we shall focus on these major changes and highlight the latest developments first in the field of translation and then in interpreting.
Homes of Crimes Social Stratification as Location Strategy in the Hungarian Family Crime DramaAranyélet‘Golden Life’
Authors: Mészáros Péter , Molnár-Kovács Dorottya
Published: January 2020

HBO Hungary’s original series,Aranyélet, proves to be an interesting case study in terms of location strategies in Eastern European TV shows. It is refreshing in the sense that – contrary to other TV programmes attempting to showcase life in Budapest – it does not feel the need to represent locality by swamping the viewer with iconic tourist destinations of the capital. Instead, the characteristic “Hungarianness” of the show appears through displaying personal living spaces of people from a wide range of socio-cultural backgrounds, all of which represent the typical Hungarian strata.

In our paper, we have used a simplified categorization of social classes apparent in Hungarian society and connected these groups with characters ofAranyélet. Then, we have scrutinized the living spaces of these characters as represented in the show, paying special attention to their likely location, furnishing, building materials, and general condition. By this analysis, we aim to prove that the show tries to create an alternative mental map of Budapest and its population, covering all strata of society with painting a picture of their lifestyle and living conditions.

Our paper draws on the work of Kim Toft Hansen and Anne Marit Waade, who, in their volumeLocating Nordic Noir – From Beck to The Bridge, place a large emphasis on aspects of location studies in contemporary Scandinavian crime.
Chuchotage – Intermediary Spaces in (Screen) Translation
Authors: Ajtony Zsuzsanna
Published: January 2020

The present paper is devoted to the translation theoretical, linguistic-textual comparison of the Hungarian film dialogues and their English subtitles of the short dramedy entitled Susotázs [Chuchotage, 2018] and directed by Barnabás Tóth, winner of several film festivals and shortlisted for Academy Awards in 2019. Subtitling is considered to be a form of rewriting, requiring text reduction through condensation, reformulation, and omission at word and/or sentence level (Díaz Cintas–Remael 2007). Following the theoretical considerations regarding the linguistic aspects of subtitling and its strategies, the paper discusses several aspects of rendering the Hungarian dialogue in the form of English subtitles, such as forms of address, informal expressions, and culture-specific elements. Finally, the analysis aims to highlight the possibilities of making Hungarian humour available in English.