bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temperature prediction based on long short‐term memory convolutional neural network Bragg grating sensing
Authors: Shao Xiangxin , Chang Shige , Zhao Yihan , Jiang Hong
Published: May 2024

To address the constraints associated with conventional fitting techniques for temperature demodulation in the context of subway tunnel fires, a new method of demodulation grating sensing spectrum using long short‐term memory convolutional neural network (LSTM‐CNN) is proposed in this paper. Build the monitoring platform based on LSTM‐CNN ultra‐weak fiber grating temperature measurement system, predict its sensing signals by LSTM‐CNN algorithm, select 18000 spectra as sample data for training, use AdamW stochastic optimization algorithm for training, and carry out the temperature calibration and demodulation error analysis of the Fiber Bragg Grating within the temperature range of 25–75°C. Compared with GRU algorithm, LSTM algorithm and traditional maximum peak method, the algorithm of this paper is good and can effectively improve the measurement accuracy, the experimental results show that: the demodulation accuracy of temperature wavelength prediction in this paper can be up to 99.27%, and the root mean square deviation is 0.08528°C, through the experiments, it is verified that the method proposed in this paper has a certain reference and support in terms of theories and technology significance. It is suitable for the identification and monitoring of fire hazards in underground tunnels, and also has application value in the signal processing of grating array sensing demodulation system.
Enhanced and robust contrast in CEST MRI: Saturation pulse shape design via optimal control
Authors: Stilianu Clemens , Graf Christina , Huemer Markus , Diwoky Clemens , Soellradl Martin , Rund Armin , Zaiss Moritz , Stollberger Rudolf
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To employ optimal control for the numerical design of Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) saturation pulses to maximize contrast and stability against inhomogeneities.

Theory and Methods

We applied an optimal control framework for the design pulse shapes for CEST saturation pulse trains. The cost functional minimized both the pulse energy and the discrepancy between the corresponding CEST spectrum and the target spectrum based on a continuous radiofrequency (RF) pulse. The optimization is subject to hardware limitations. In measurements on a 7 T preclinical scanner, the optimal control pulses were compared to continuous‐wave and Gaussian saturation methods. We conducted a comparison of the optimal control pulses with Gaussian, block pulse trains, and adiabatic spin‐lock pulses.

Results

The optimal control pulse train demonstrated saturation levels comparable to continuous‐wave saturation and surpassed Gaussian saturation by up to 50 % in phantom measurements. In phantom measurements at 3 T the optimized pulses not only showcased the highest CEST contrast, but also the highest stability against field inhomogeneities. In contrast, block pulse saturation resulted in severe artifacts. Dynamic Bloch‐McConnell simulations were employed to identify the source of these artifacts, and underscore the robustness of the optimized pulses.

Conclusion

In this work, it was shown that a substantial improvement in pulsed saturation CEST imaging can be achieved by using Optimal Control design principles. It is possible to overcome the sensitivity of saturation to B0 inhomogeneities while achieving CEST contrast close to continuous wave saturation.
Erneuerbare: Elektrolyse, Plasma und Power‐to‐X
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: May 2024

Ethylen, Kohlenmonoxid und ein Flugkraftstoff sind Produkte kürzlich ausgezeichneter Verfahren. Diese arbeiten mit Energie aus erneuerbaren Quellen.
Trendbericht: Technische Chemie 2024
Authors: Bremer Jens , Ränger Lena‐Marie , Friedland Jens
Published: May 2024

Die Zirkularität von Stoffströmen, die Nachhaltigkeit, vor allem die Nutzung biogener Rohstoffe, sowie die Ressourcen‐ und Energiesicherheit sind seit Jahren wichtige Ziele. Ob in der Reaktions‐ oder der Trenntechnik, alle Bereiche der technischen Chemie profitieren von grundlegenden Stützpfeilern. Mit den darin enthaltenen methodischen Ansätzen lassen sich maßgeschneiderte Lösungen auf allen Größenskalen erstellen, Szenarien für die Energiewende entwerfen oder mit virtuellen Visualisierungen Vorstellungen von der Zukunft bekommen.
Wenn der scheinbare Irrweg die Zielgerade ist
Authors: Leusmann Eliza
Published: May 2024

Zunächst klingt alles nach einer klassischen Erfolgsgeschichte: Ein Chemiker findet direkt nach der Promotion eine Anstellung in der Industrie. Schnell steigt er im Unternehmen auf. Dann stellt er fest: Sein Job macht ihn unglücklich. Und jetzt?
Anderes Wasser, anderer Anspruch
Authors: Hupach Sascha
Published: May 2024

Der TOC‐Wert sagt aus, wie viel organische Verbindungen eine Probe enthält. Um ihn zu bestimmen, ist ein Katalysator nötig. Salzhaltige Proben machen diesen allerdings irgendwann unbrauchbar und verkürzen so den Zeitraum, in dem sich der Analysator nutzen lässt. Das lässt sich verhindern.
So entsteht eine Schauvorlesung
Authors: Böhme Hanna , Burkmann Konrad , Braun Sara , Hadwich Wiebke , Hansel Bastian , Herbig Marcus , Knerr Steven , Neubert Richard , Schneider Selina , Weiß Alexander
Published: May 2024

Wie lassen sich Studienwerbung, Wissenschaftskommunikation, Freude an Schauspiel und Interesse an Naturwissenschaften verbinden? Im Jahr 2019 haben sich an der Fakultät für Chemie, Physik und Biowissenschaften der TU Bergakademie Freiberg naturwissenschaftsbegeisterte Menschen zusammengetan, um das herauszufinden. Das jährliche Highlight: die Schauvorlesung.
Europäische Phosphortagung in Würzburg
Authors: Glock Julian
Published: May 2024

Der 20. European Workshop on Phosphorus Chemistry (EWPC) fand erstmals am Hubland‐Campus in Würzburg statt. Anfang März versammelten sich 137 Chemikerinnen und Chemiker, davon 8 aus der Industrie, und 44 Arbeitsgruppen aus 10 Ländern. Die dreitägige Konferenz umfasste 2 Plenarvorträge und 30 weitere Vorträge. Geplant, organisiert und durchgeführt wurde die Veranstaltung von der Würzburger Arbeitsgruppe um Holger Helten, Professor für Anorganische Chemie.
A mixed nonlocal finite element model for thermo‐poro‐elasto‐plastic simulation of porous media with multiphase fluid flow
Authors: Komijani M.
Published: May 2024

A new mixed nonlocal finite element framework is developed for nonlinear thermo‐poro‐elasto‐plastic simulation of porous media with multiphase pore fluid flow and thermal coupling. The solid‐fluid interaction is accounted for using the mixture theory of Biot based on the volume fractions concept. Different sources of nolinearities arising from the multiphase fluid flow effects, advective‐diffusive heat transfer, inelastic deformation, fluid flux injection induced mechanical tractions, solid skeleton deformation permeability dependence, and temperature dependent viscosity are included in developing a robust numerical solver for the targeted coupled multiphysics problem. To address the effect of microstructure in inelastic localized deformation behaviour with dilational softening, a nonlocal plasticity model is proposed based on a characteristic length scale which rectifies the non‐physical pathological mesh dependence problem encountered in conventional plasticity. The accuracy and strength of the developed model is shown with comparing the obtained numerical results of a benchmark bilateral compression test with existing published data in the literature. To show the versatility and robustness of the developed computational framework in modelling the geomechanics of real‐case engineering practices, large scale thermo‐hydro‐mechanical (THM) subsurface stimulation processes with applications in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) are effectively simulated and the targeted enhanced recovery and performances are demonstrated. The current formulation does not include phase transformation modelling capability, and therefore, the developed models may not be applicable for simulation of the engineering processes that involve phase change behaviour (e.g., steam injection).
Caveats of three direct linear solvers for finite element analyses
Authors: Pedroso Dorival M.
Published: May 2024

The solution of large linear systems of equations with sparse matrices is a critical component of finite element analyses. Three linear solvers are investigated here: MUMPS, UMFPACK, and Intel DSS (PARDISO). Often, these solvers are employed as “black boxes.” However, some caveats in their implementation must be observed. For instance, the solvers may yield incorrect results or perform extremely poorly in a multithread environment. These issues are demonstrated, and suggestions to fix them are provided. Some performance benchmarks are also presented with a focus on the multithreaded behavior.
Greenspaces of psychiatric clinics and patient perceptions: A mixed‐methods exploration
Authors: Schmid Hannah‐Lea , Nowak Anna , Oeljeklaus Lydia , McCall Timothy , Hornberg Claudia , Caspers Barbara A. , Zerbe Stefan
Published: May 2024

Nature and natural elements have been proven to promote mental health and well‐being but there is a research gap regarding psychiatric environments, despite the importance of psychiatric hospitals for mental health. It is essential to understand the particular characteristics relevant for patients in these settings.

We conducted semi‐structured in‐situ interviews with patients on greenspaces around two psychiatric hospitals in Germany to identify positive and negative perceptions of natural elements and amenities. The perceptions are embedded into the perceived sensory dimensions (PSD) concept and combined with mapping data to achieve in‐depth descriptions of the psychiatric greenspaces.

The results show the importance of greenspaces for psychiatric patients and their positive sentiments towards those spaces. The greenspaces have to provide for diverse needs and support different uses of patients at various stages of recovery. User‐sensitive and multifunctional greenspace design can reconcile conflicts of interest and contribute to a therapeutic landscape.

We propose that the PSD can complement the concept of Therapeutic Landscapes, especially when the focus is on natural environments.

‘Policy implications’: Multifunctional greenspaces around psychiatric clinics can help patients to relax, enjoy the connection to nature and other people, and further their well‐being. The spaces have to be carefully designed and can potentially have a therapeutic effect on people with mental‐health problems and simultaneously enhance nature conservation and biodiversity.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Selenium‐chitosan engineered nanocomposite as efficient formulated fish diet evaluated for sustainable aquaculture practice of Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) fishes
Authors: Srinivasan Latha , Gayathri Abinaya , Kaliaperumal Kumaravel , Thirunavukkarasu Rajasekar , Suresh Arumugam , Subramanian Kumaran , Devanesan Sandhanasamy , AlSalhi Mohamad S. , Shobana Sampath
Published: May 2024

Oreochromis niloticus a Nile tilapia fish is widely used for fish culture practice in many countries for its easy acclimatization and high yield at a short pace of time. Selenium‐chitosan (SeCh) nanoparticles are efficiently used in agriculture, medicine, and aquaculture practices in several studies. The significant approach of Selenium‐Chitosan incorporated fish feed will be evaluated in the present study to achieve the better aquaculture practice in future. In the present study, SeCh nanoparticle was chemically synthesized and incorporated with formulated fish feed. Selenium formulated fish feed contains 31.49 g of carbohydrates and 41.52 g of proteins. SeCh‐fed O. niloticus fingerlings exhibited significantly increased specific growth rates in terms of weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. Chemical characterization of SeChNPs through FTIR spectroscopy indicates the presence of an adjuvant combination of selenium and chitosan presence through functional groups of COO stretch, CH, CC, and CN stretch representing at 3226, 2878, and 1734 cm−1, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDX analysis revealed the structural properties of SeChNPs as a fibrous pattern that contains Carbon, Oxygen, and Selenium elements as predominant peak values. SeChNPs incorporated fish feed has higher protein content which is a standard hallmark for a fish feed and an essential prerequisite for fish growth. The formulated SeCh fish feed in the present study is an innovative approach which can be taken further for higher level testing and processing for developing as a better fish feed in terms of feasible and efficient fish growth enhancer.
Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of MPDZ gene variants: A case report with prenatally detected Dandy–Walker malformation and single ventricle heart
Authors: Stanković Anđela , Toljić Mina , Orlić Nataša Karadžov , Miković Željko , Joksić Ivana
Published: May 2024

A 19‐year‐old gravida underwent genetic counseling at the 26th week of gestation due to sonographically detected fetal anomalies, including Dandy–Walker malformation, characterized by cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and an enlarged cisterna magna, and single ventricle heart. Following amniocentesis at the 27th week, after the normal quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction and chromosomal microarray results, trio clinical exome sequencing was performed, revealing a novel homozygous pathogenic variant in the MPDZ gene, c.4576G>T (NM_001378778.1). So far, homozygous and compound heterozygous variants in MPDZ have been strongly linked to congenital hydrocephalus type 2 with or without accompanying brain or eye anomalies. The reported variant, absent in control databases, resulted in premature termination of protein synthesis, consistent with pathogenicity predictions. Both parents were identified as heterozygous carriers. Pregnancy termination was chosen post‐diagnosis. Postmortem findings correlated with prenatal ultrasound. Our case broadens the prenatal phenotypic spectrum associated with MPDZ variants, necessitating further studies for comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms beneath the clinical manifestations.
Perceived adequacy of policy instruments reveals weak targets in the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Guerrero Omar A. , Guariso Daniele , Castañeda Gonzalo
Published: May 2024

We report the results of a novel worldwide survey on how adequate are existing policy instruments (if any) across the 169 targets of the Sustainable Development Goals. By obtaining more than 130,000 responses about 146 countries from more than 7000 experts, a large‐scale picture of the existence and adequacy of policy instruments emerges. This survey provides the first dataset depicting the current state of the world according to how well prepared (in terms of instruments) are countries and regions to tackle the challenges posed by the 2030 Agenda. We combine these data with the official UN SDG indicators and identify targets that systematically exhibit weaknesses in their historical performance and the adequacy of the available policy instrument, revealing key policy issues that need to be prioritised through interventions that go beyond the allocation of financial resources.
Introducing Ph.D. students to asymptotic inference for two‐stage M‐estimators: Easing analytic and coding demands via the use of numerical derivatives
Authors: Terza Joseph V.
Published: May 2024

Applications of two‐stage M‐estimators (2SMEs) abound in empirical economics. Asymptotic theory for 2SMEs (correct formulation of the asymptotic standard errors [ASE]) has been available for decades. Nevertheless, due to the daunting nature of the requisite matrix formulations, when conducting statistical inference based on two‐stage estimates, applied researchers often implement bootstrapping methods or ignore the two‐stage nature of the estimator and report the uncorrected second‐stage outputs from packaged statistical software. In the present paper, we offer teachers of econometrics a pedagogical approach for introducing Ph.D. students to asymptotic inference for 2SMEs, with a view toward easier software implementation and empirical application. We seek to demonstrate to students (and their teachers) that the analytic and coding demands for calculating correct ASEs for the 2SME need not be burdensome (or prohibitive). The main instructional (and practical) innovation that we offer in this regard is our suggested use of numerical derivative (ND) software for calculating the most challenging components of the ASE formulations. An exercise demonstrates to the student that, by implementing ND software, one can overcome the analytic and coding impediments to conducting inference based on 2SMEs, without abandoning rigor.
Ca‐Doped PrFeO3 Photocathodes with Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Activity
Authors: Lewis Bradley Francis , Huang Chenhao , Itskou Ioanna , Mallia Giuseppe , Harrison Nicholas M. , Southouse Jamie , Eslava Salvador
Published: May 2024

Perovskite oxides, renowned for their adaptable structure and optoelectronic characteristics, hold significant potential for applications in catalysis and photoelectrochemical (PEC) processes. In this research, the preparation of praseodymium iron oxide (PrFeO3) by spin coating and the impact of incorporating a calcium (Ca) dopant on its PEC efficacy as photocathodes are investigated. Spin coating of a polymer containing sol–gel yields thin films with uniform morphology and porosity, facilitating effective semiconductor/electrolyte interactions, as characterized by scanning electron microscopy analyses. Evaluation of transient photocurrent responses reveals that introducing Ca at a 5 at% doping level significantly enhances the PEC activity of PrFeO3, resulting in an optimal photocurrent of −124 μA cm−2 at +0.43 V vs. a reversible hydrogen electrode (VRHE) under simulated sunlight conditions. This enhancement is accompanied by an incident photon‐to‐current efficiency (IPCE) of 3.8% at +0.43 VRHE and 350 nm, along with an onset potential of +1.1 VRHE. Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy analyses indicate an increase in light‐absorption capabilities in the Ca‐doped films and a noticeable reduction in bandgap compared to the undoped counterparts, further supported by IPCE measurements. In the findings, the significant role of dopants in augmenting the photocurrent performance of stable perovskite oxides, highlighting their potential in advancing photon conversion technologies, is underscored.
Tactile Paving Detection and Tracking Using Tenji10K Dataset
Authors: Takano Tsubasa , Nakane Takumi , Yu Jun , Zhang Chao
Published: May 2024

Tactile paving is a ground‐texture display device installed on sidewalks to guide visually impaired people. In recent years, many studies have been conducted on tactile paving detection using cameras to help visually impaired people walk independently. In addition, several computer vision‐based tactile paving detection methods have been proposed. However, it is difficult to compare the detection accuracy of different proposed algorithms because there are no publicly available tactile paving datasets, and the ground truth and evaluation criteria used for evaluation are often inconsistent or not clearly presented. To this end, in this paper, we collect a tactile paving dataset and name it ‘Tenji10K’. The dataset is constructed with 20 sequences consisting of 10 K first‐person tactile paving images taken in Japan, and ‘Tenji block’ refers to Japanese‐style tactile paving. For detailed evaluation analysis, up to six sequence attributes are assigned, taking into account various real‐world situations. On the other hand, we also proposed a tactile paving tracking algorithm based on an evolutionary algorithm. The effectiveness of the dataset is evaluated by conducting a comparative experiment based on Tenji10K with respect to four different methods, including our proposed method. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Reimagining hydropower in the United States
Authors: Haemmerli Hannah L. , Gerlak Andrea K. , Swanson Tyler
Published: May 2024

In this Perspective, we review the clashing narratives around the role of hydropower in the United States' (US) energy future. In doing so, we reveal how hydropower is regarded as a keystone for the renewable energy transition but also viewed as a harmful technology with significant negative environmental and social impacts. These narratives can be seen in the contrasting future renewable energy visions of US government agencies, the hydropower industry, NGOs, and Tribal governments. We review critical lessons learned from past dam‐ and hydropower‐related challenges to reimagine a just energy future for the US that bridges diverse sectors, jurisdictions, and values. We conclude by highlighting some key paths forward that might result in more resilient and adaptive water and energy systems as the country strives to decarbonize.

This article is categorized under:

Human Water > Human Water

Human Water > Water Governance

Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change

Engineering Water > Planning Water
Efficient cadmium removal from industrial wastewater generated from smelter using chemical precipitation and oxidation assistance
Authors: Lee Yeon‐Jin , Lee Chang‐Gu , Min Kyung Jin , Park Seong‐Jik
Published: May 2024

The effective treatment of cadmium (Cd) in smelting wastewater is of great industrial importance. This study investigates the efficient removal of Cd from real industrial smelting wastewater via chemical precipitation using a series of experiments. In particular, the effects of different precipitants, agitation conditions, and the addition of NaOCl on Cd removal and pH variation are investigated. CaO (3.75 g/L), NaOH (3.50 g/L), and Ca(OH)2 (3.75 g/L) are found to be effective in elevating the wastewater pH and achieving high Cd removal rates (>99.9%), while the use of NaOH as a precipitant maintains a high Cd removal rate even at low agitation intensities. The properties of the produced sludge and supernatant are also determined using moisture content, particle size, and sludge leaching analyses due to the importance of economic and environmental sustainability in filtration, dewatering, and waste disposal processes. In addition, the addition of 2% NaOCl is tested, revealing that it can improve the Cd removal efficiency of Ca(OH)2, thus potentially reducing processing costs and enhancing the environmental benefits. Overall, these findings offer valuable insights into the removal of Cd from smelting wastewater, with potential implications for both environmental sustainability and economic viability.

Practitioner Points

CaO, NaOH, and Ca(OH)2 effectively remove Cd (>99.9%) from smelting wastewater.

The use of NaOH leads to high Cd removal rates even at low agitation speeds.

Adding 2% NaOCl can reduce the Ca(OH)2 dose for more economical Cd removal.
Investigating Communities of Practice in Large-Scale Agile Software Development: An Interview Study
Authors: Tobisch Franziska , Schmidt Johannes , Matthes Florian
Published: May 2024

Nowadays, responsiveness is essential to be competitive, particularly in software development. Traditional methods face limitations in meeting this demand for agility, which led to the rise of agile practices. Inspired by their success in small projects, organizations have begun to use agile methods in larger contexts. However, scaling agile practices introduces complexities and requires coordinating teams, managing dependencies, and collaboration. Communities of Practices (CoPs) are argued to address these issues and support organizations in adopting agile methods at scale. Still, empirical insights into the establishment of CoPs in scaled agile settings are limited. This study fills this gap by conducting expert interviews, exploring why organizations applying agile methods at scale adopt CoPs, and examining their characteristics. Our key findings include that, next to benefit from known advantages of CoPs, like knowledge sharing, organizations establish them to foster empowerment, strengthen alignment, and drive their agile transformation. Moreover, CoPs focus not only on agile but also on classical themes such as architecture. Communities are not necessarily established bottom-up but are often initiated by management, e.g., to empower employees. In general, CoPs are accepted by management and play an essential role in decision-making.
Ōnā Shippu: A Vestige of Japan’s Ambition to Lead International Aid
Authors: Doi Kenichi
Published: May 2024

Ownership is a concept that the international aid community has emphasized since the 1990s, and Japan has been an enthusiastic practitioner and promoter of ownership. However, Japan’s view of ownership, or “ōnā shippu,” emphasizes the aspect of responsibility imposed on the recipient, compared with “ownership” used in the international aid community. In Japan, “ōnā shippu” is a loanword, which places less emphasis on the aspect of control by the recipient itself and is conscious of the power asymmetry between donor and recipient. This chapter argues that the Japanese-style “ōnā shippu” is a product created in conjunction with Japan’s ambition to enhance its presence as a major donor in the aid community since the 1990s. Instead of using direct translations of self-help and autonomy, values that Japan’s aid emphasizes, it adopted the English word ownership because it was instrumental for Japan to take an initiative in the international aid community at that time. Japan led the conceptualization and promotion of ownership as a top donor until the mid-1990s. However, after that, differences with other DAC donors became apparent when “ōnā shippu” failed to translate into “ownership”: a concept that is commonly understood and accepted internationally. As the Japanese government has lost the need to emphasize ownership, the Japanese-style “ōnā shippu” is becoming a fading vestige in the Japanese government’s development cooperation strategy, but its connotation still remains among the Japanese aid workers and researchers.
Kokusai Kōken: Changing Perceptions of Japan’s Status in the International Society
Authors: Oyama Takatoshi
Published: May 2024

In Japan, the concept of kokusai kōken refers to positive means of international engagement that ought to be pursued by the Japanese government and the public. Rendering it literally as international contribution lacks nuance in English, while an ideological translation as contributions to the international society would be too vague in terms of its object and the underlying values. This chapter first seeks to provide a deeper understanding of kokusai kōken by tracing its genealogy. The concept emerged from a discursive framework that developed from the late 1970s to the early 1990s, through attempts to position Japan, which had grown into an economic superpower, within a hierarchical international order. Secondly, the chapter considers how the concept has justified Japan’s focus on international development based on the Japanese view of international society, with the aim to gain recognition as an economic superpower by advanced Western countries and international organizations without posing a threat to Asian countries.
Asianism: Continuity and Divergence in Japan’s Foreign and International Cooperation Policy
Authors: Nakasato Lauren , Kuroda Kazuo
Published: May 2024

Asianism has often been discussed in Anglophone literature as rhetoric used to justify Japan’s imperial expansion. Yet both the genesis of the concept prior to World War II and its evolution in the post-World War II era have received less attention. This chapter examines how shifting conceptions of Asianism have influenced Japan’s foreign policy stance and international cooperation development agenda. By tracing the historical roots, development and diffusion of Asianism from its origins in early Meiji Japan to present, the chapter shows how Asianism, though its influence has declined over time, has endured in the post-war era through the concept of Asian regionalism.
5d Conformal matter
Authors: De Marco Mario , Del Zotto Michele , Graffeo Michele , Sangiovanni Andrea
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Six-dimensional superconformal field theories (SCFTs) have an atomic classification in terms of elementary building blocks, conformal systems that generalize matter and can be fused together to form all known 6d SCFTs in terms of generalized 6d quivers. It is therefore natural to ask whether 5d SCFTs can be organized in a similar manner, as the outcome of fusions of certain elementary building blocks, which we call 5d conformal matter theories. In this project we begin exploring this idea and we give a systematic construction of 5d generalized “bifundamental” SCFTs, building from geometric engineering techniques in M-theory. In particular, we find several examples of ($$ {\mathfrak{e}}_6 $$

e
6

, $$ {\mathfrak{e}}_6 $$

e
6

), ($$ {\mathfrak{e}}_7 $$

e
7

, $$ {\mathfrak{e}}_7 $$

e
7

) and ($$ {\mathfrak{e}}_8 $$

e
8

, $$ {\mathfrak{e}}_8 $$

e
8

) 5d bifundamental SCFTs beyond the ones arising from (elementary) KK reductions of the 6d conformal matter theories. We show that these can be fused together giving rise to 5d SCFTs captured by 5d generalized linear quivers with exceptional gauge groups as nodes, and links given by 5d conformal matter. As a first application of these models we uncover a large class of novel 5d dualites, that generalize the well-known fiber/base dualities outside the toric realm.
Rindler fluids from gravitational shockwaves
Authors: Bak Sang-Eon , Keeler Cynthia , Zhang Yiwen , Zurek Kathryn M.
Published: May 2024

Abstract

We study a correspondence between gravitational shockwave geometry and its fluid description near a Rindler horizon in Minkowski spacetime. Utilizing the Petrov classification that describes algebraic symmetries for Lorentzian spaces, we establish an explicit mapping between a potential fluid and the shockwave metric perturbation, where the Einstein equation for the shockwave geometry is equivalent to the incompressibility condition of the fluid, augmented by a shockwave source. Then we consider an Ansatz of a stochastic quantum source for the potential fluid, which has the physical interpretation of shockwaves created by vacuum energy fluctuations. Under such circumstance, the Einstein equation, or equivalently, the incompressibility condition for the fluid, becomes a stochastic differential equation. By smearing the quantum source on a stretched horizon in a Lorentz invariant manner with a Planckian width (similarly to the membrane paradigm), we integrate fluctuations near the Rindler horizon to find an accumulated effect of the variance in the round-trip time of a photon traversing the horizon of a causal diamond.
Immune Response to the Recombinant Apa Protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Expressed in Streptomyces lividans After Intranasal Administration in Mice. Induction of Protective Response to Tubercle Bacillus Aerosols Exposure
Authors: Martínez-Sotelo José Alberto , Vallecillo Antonio J. , Parada Cristina , Segura Erika , Campuzano Jaime , Silva-Miranda Mayra , Servín-González Luis , Espitia Clara
Published: May 2024

Identifying and evaluating potential vaccine candidates has become one of the main objectives to combat tuberculosis. Among them, mannosylated Apa antigen from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the non-mannosylated protein expressed in Escherichia coli, have been studied. Although both proteins can induce a protective response in mice, it has been considered that native protein can be dispensed. In this work, we study the protective response induced by Apa expressed in E. coli and in Streptomyces lividans. The latter, like native is secreted as a double band of 45/47 kDa, however, only its 47 kDa band is mannosylated. Both antigens and BCG were intranasal administrated in mice, and animals were then challenged by aerosol with M. tuberculosis H37Rv. The results showed that both, Apa from S. lividans and E. coli conferred statistically significantly protection to animals compared to controls. The cytokine immune response was studied by an immunoassay after animals’ immunization, revealing that Apa from S. lividans induced a statistically significant proliferation of T cell, as well as the expression of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-17 and IL-10. In contrast, non-proliferation was obtained with non-mannosylated protein, but induction of IL-12 and IL-17 was observed. Together, these results demonstrate that both proteins were able to modulate a specific immune response against M. tuberculosis, that could be driven by different mechanisms possibly associated with the presence or not of mannosylation. Furthermore, stimulation of cells from BCG-vaccinated animals with the proteins could be an important tool, to help define the use of a given subunit-vaccine after BCG vaccination.
Unraveling the role of microRNAs: potential biomarkers for gestational diabetes mellitus revealed through RNA sequencing analysis
Authors: Lin Huizhen , Chen Xiao , Wang Lisui , Zhu Tang , Feng Xiaohui , Liu Xiaomei , Chen Haiying , Pan Si
Published: May 2024

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses significant health risks for both mothers and children, contributing to long-term complications such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This study explores the potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers for GDM by analyzing peripheral blood samples from GDM patients.

Method

Ten samples, including peripheral blood from 5 GDM patients and 5 controls, were collected to perform the RNA sequencing analysis. Differentially expressed miRNAs were further validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results

A total of 2287 miRNAs were identified, 229 of which showed differential expression. Validation by qRT-PCR confirmed significant up-regulation of miR-5193, miR-5003-3p, miR-3127-5p, novel-miR-96, miR-6734-5p, and miR-122-5p, while miR-10395-3p was down-regulated. Bioinformatics analyses revealed the involvement of these miRNAs in pathways associated with herpes simplex virus 1 infection.

Conclusion

This study provides insights into the differential expression of miRNAs in GDM patients and their potential roles in disease pathogenesis. It suggests that the differentially expressed miRNAs could serve as potential biomarkers for GDM, shedding light on the complex molecular mechanisms involved.
Approximating Long Cycle Above Dirac’s Guarantee
Authors: Fomin Fedor V. , Golovach Petr A. , Sagunov Danil , Simonov Kirill
Published: May 2024

Parameterization above (or below) a guarantee is a successful concept in parameterized algorithms. The idea is that many computational problems admit “natural” guarantees bringing to algorithmic questions whether a better solution (above the guarantee) could be obtained efficiently. For example, for every boolean CNF formula on m clauses, there is an assignment that satisfies at least m/2 clauses. How difficult is it to decide whether there is an assignment satisfying more than $$m/2 +k$$

m
/
2
+
k

clauses? Or, if an n-vertex graph has a perfect matching, then its vertex cover is at least n/2. Is there a vertex cover of size at least $$n/2 +k$$

n
/
2
+
k

for some $$k\ge 1$$

k
≥
1

and how difficult is it to find such a vertex cover? The above guarantee paradigm has led to several exciting discoveries in the areas of parameterized algorithms and kernelization. We argue that this paradigm could bring forth fresh perspectives on well-studied problems in approximation algorithms. Our example is the longest cycle problem. One of the oldest results in extremal combinatorics is the celebrated Dirac’s theorem from 1952. Dirac’s theorem provides the following guarantee on the length of the longest cycle: for every 2-connected n-vertex graph G with minimum degree $$\delta (G)\le n/2$$

δ
(
G
)
≤
n
/
2

, the length of a longest cycle L is at least $$2\delta (G)$$

2
δ
(
G
)

. Thus the “essential” part in finding the longest cycle is in approximating the “offset” $$k = L - 2 \delta (G)$$

k
=
L
-
2
δ
(
G
)

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Capturing anatomy in computed tomography scans for genital pathology
Authors: Chen Anna , Siapno Allen , Kim Tae-Hee , Kanner Christopher , Posid Tasha , Goodstein Taylor
Published: May 2024

Purpose

In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to characterize how frequently the anatomy of interest (AOI) was excluded when evaluating genital pathology using the current CT pelvis protocol recommended by the American College of Radiology and evaluate how AOI exclusion affects patient management.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed medical records, using diagnosis and CPT codes, of patients admitted with genital pathology who obtained a CT scan at our institution from July 1, 2020–April 30, 2023. Baseline patient demographics were included. Data about each index CT scan (scan obtained at our institution) were recorded and assessed for exclusion of the AOI. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the rate of AOI exclusion and to compare patient management between patients with AOI excluded versus those without AOI exclusion.

Results

113 presentations for genital pathology included an index CT scan and were included for analysis. Patients were primarily men (98%) with a mean age of 53.1 years (SD 13.9). The most common diagnoses were Fournier’s gangrene (35%), scrotal abscess (22%) and unspecified infection (19%). 26/113 scans (23%) did not capture the entire AOI. When the AOI was missed during the index scan, there was a higher rate of obtaining additional scans (38% vs. 21%), but a similar rate of intervention (77% vs. 63%) when compared to index scans that captured the entire AOI. 35 scans (31%) had protocol-extending instructions; index scans that captured the entire AOI were more likely to have specific protocol-extending instructions (38% vs. 8% p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Creating a specific CT protocol for genital pathology could decrease the amount of inappropriate irradiation and improve AOI capture rates without relying on specific request for protocol deviation.
Birational Maps to Grassmannians, Representations and Poset Polytopes
Authors: Feigin Evgeny
Published: May 2024

We study the closure of the graph of the birational map from a projective space to a Grassmannian. We provide explicit description of the graph closure and compute the fibers of the natural projection to the Grassmannian. We construct embeddings of the graph closure to the projectivizations of certain cyclic representations of a degenerate special linear Lie algebra and study algebraic and combinatorial properties of these representations. In particular, we describe monomial bases, generalizing the FFLV bases. The proof relies on combinatorial properties of a new family of poset polytopes, which are of independent interest. As a consequence we obtain flat toric degenerations of the graph closure studied by Borovik, Sturmfels and Sverrisdóttir.
Flashbacks of the bad old days? The bureaucratization of Czech universities in the post-communist era
Authors: Kozak Jan , Klement Josef
Published: May 2024

Numerous countries are reportedly witnessing the bureaucratization of universities, manifesting inter alia in a gradual increase in the administrative burden that overshadows the core missions of universities. Regrettably, there is a notable gap in research specifically focused on bureaucratization of higher education institutions in post-communist countries, where state bureaucratic control over economies, societies, and academic institutions prevailed before 1990. This article seeks to address this gap by examining the perception of the administrative burden among a representative sample of 1117 Czech academic workers, utilizing a diverse range of methods, including an experimental component. The majority of academics are experiencing an escalation in administrative demands that curtails the time and effort they can allocate to research and teaching. While they do see potential in digitalization and modern technology, they view the existing university bureaucracy as inefficient, ever-increasing, and excessively regulated, particularly in relation to grants and subsidy programs. Notably, for many seasoned academics who have lived through communism, modern university bureaucracy is a reminder of the “bad old days.”
The effect of shoreline habitats on native and non-native fish species in a set of Neotropical reservoirs
Authors: Franco Ana Clara Sampaio , Petry Ana Cristina , García-Berthou Emili , dos Santos Luciano Neves
Published: May 2024

Biodiversity is declining worldwide due to anthropogenic impacts, especially noxious for freshwater ecosystems, considering their close relationship with human activities. Damming is one of the most harmful human impacts that leads to the loss of several riverine fish through habitat loss or change. Herein, we aimed to assess the relationship between the composition of fish assemblages in reservoirs and the availability of littoral habitats, and whether these patterns differ between native and non-native species. Fish assemblages of fifteen reservoirs from up to downstream the Paraíba do Sul river basin were evaluated. Habitat availability was more important for native than for non-native species, after controlling for the influence of reservoir features. Local drivers were crucial for the occurrence of non-native species which thrived in the absence of complex habitats. Macrophytes seemed to play two key but quite antagonistic roles for fish species. They were positively related to native small characids, probably acting as shelter against predation, but they were also related to hypoxic conditions in eutrophic reservoirs. These findings stress the importance of preserving or restoring physically complex habitats as beneficial for native fish species through providing grounds for feeding (catfishes on leaves) and recruitment (juveniles of characids in macrophytes banks).
Rescue in vitro maturation using ovarian support cells of human oocytes from conventional stimulation cycles yields oocytes with improved nuclear maturation and transcriptomic resemblance to in vivo matured oocytes
Authors: Paulsen Bruna , Piechota Sabrina , Barrachina Ferran , Giovannini Alexa , Kats Simone , Potts Kathryn S. , Rockwell Graham , Marchante Maria , Estevez Samantha L. , Noblett Alexander D. , Figueroa Alexandra B. , Aschenberger Caroline , Kelk Dawn A. , Forti Marcy , Marcinyshyn Shelby , Wiemer Klaus , Sanchez Marta , Belchin Pedro , Lee Joseph A. , Buyuk Erkan , Slifkin Rick E. , Smela Merrick Pierson , Fortuna Patrick R. J. , Chatterjee Pranam , McCulloh David H. , Copperman Alan B. , Ordonez-Perez Daniel , Klein Joshua U. , Kramme Christian C.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Determine if the gene expression profiles of ovarian support cells (OSCs) and cumulus-free oocytes are bidirectionally influenced by co-culture during in vitro maturation (IVM).

Methods

Fertility patients aged 25 to 45 years old undergoing conventional ovarian stimulation donated denuded immature oocytes for research. Oocytes were randomly allocated to either OSC-IVM culture (intervention) or Media-IVM culture (control) for 24–28 h. The OSC-IVM culture condition was composed of 100,000 OSCs in suspension culture with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH), androstenedione, and doxycycline supplementation. The Media-IVM control lacked OSCs and contained the same supplementation. A limited set of in vivo matured MII oocytes were donated for comparative evaluation. Endpoints consisted of MII formation rate, morphological and spindle quality assessment, and gene expression analysis compared to in vitro and in vivo controls.

Results

OSC-IVM resulted in a statistically significant improvement in MII formation rate compared to the Media-IVM control, with no apparent effect on morphology or spindle assembly. OSC-IVM MII oocytes displayed a closer transcriptomic maturity signature to IVF-MII controls than Media-IVM control MII oocytes. The gene expression profile of OSCs was modulated in the presence of oocytes, displaying culture- and time-dependent differential gene expression during IVM.

Conclusion

The OSC-IVM platform is a novel tool for rescue maturation of human oocytes, yielding oocytes with improved nuclear maturation and a closer transcriptomic resemblance to in vivo matured oocytes, indicating a potential enhancement in oocyte cytoplasmic maturation. These improvements on oocyte quality after OSC-IVM are possibly occurring through bidirectional crosstalk of cumulus-free oocytes and ovarian support cells.
Via Order Markets Towards Price-Taking Equilibrium
Authors: Flåm Sjur Didrik
Published: May 2024

Can order markets lead participants towards price-taking equilibrium? Viewing market sessions as steps of iterative algorithms, this paper indicates positive prospects for convergence. Mathematical arguments turn on convolution, efficiency and generalized gradients. Economic arguments revolve around reservation costs, derived from indifference or threshold payments for quantities supplied or demanded.
Population-Level Surveillance of Domestic Assaults in the Home Using the National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS)
Authors: AbiNader Millan Alexander , Rundle Andrew G. , Park Yoosun , Lo Alexander X.
Published: May 2024

Violence in the home, including partner violence, child abuse, and elder abuse, is pervasive in the United States. An informatics approach allowing automated analysis of administrative data to identify domestic assaults and release timely and localized data would assist preventionists to identify geographic and demographic populations of need and design tailored interventions. This study examines the use of an established national dataset, the NEMSIS 2019, as a potential annual automated data source for domestic assault surveillance. An algorithm was used to identify individuals who utilized emergency medical services (EMS) for a physical assault in a private residence (N = 176,931). Descriptive analyses were conducted to define the identified population and disposition of patients. A logistic regression was performed to predict which characteristics were associated with consistent domestic assault identification by the on-scene EMS clinician and dispatcher. The sample was majority female (52.2%), White (44.7%), urban (85.5%), and 21–29 years old (24.4%). A disproportionate number of those found dead on scene were men (74.5%), and female patients more often refused treatment (57.8%) or were treated and then released against medical advice (58.4%). Domestic assaults against children and seniors had higher odds of being consistently identified by both the dispatcher and EMS clinician than those 21–49, and women had lower odds of consistent identification than men. While a more specific field to identify the type of domestic assault (e.g., intimate partner) would help inform specialized intervention planning, these data indicate an opportunity to systematically track domestic assaults in communities and describe population-specific needs.