bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ensino de Ciências na Educação Infantil e Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental: perspectivas de trabalho
Authors: Pires Ronaldo Gonçalves , Soares Ana Paula Campos Cavalcanti
Published: June 2020

Neste artigo, procuramos responder à seguinte questão: Como devem ser trabalhados os conteúdos de Ciências na Educação Infantil (EI) e Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental (Anos Iniciais) para promover uma aprendizagem significativa? Por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, analisamos a legislação educacional aplicada ao ensino de Ciências nessas etapas de escolarização e as diretrizes adotadas para o livro didático de Ciências. Categorizamos as temáticas e metodologias em diversos trabalhos de pesquisa exitosos no ensino de Ciências. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam a necessidade de abordagens mais humanizadas e participativas no ensino de Ciências, como Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS), História e Filosofia da Ciência (HFC) e Ensino por Investigação associadas à produção de materiais mais adequados aos objetivos de ensino por meio de sequências didáticas. Um melhor conhecimento das temáticas mais abordadas é necessário, tendo em vista a formação deficitária, em relação aos conteúdos de Ciências, do docente atuante nos primeiros anos de escolarização.
Revisitando O Lançamento Oblíquo De Uma Partícula
Authors: Marranghello Guilherme Frederico , Lucchese Márcia Maria , Da Rocha Fábio Saraiva
Published: June 2020

Apresentamos um modelo físico baseado em conceitos de mecânica clássica para o lançamento oblíquo de uma projétil, a partir de um pêndulo físico em movimento, similar aos balanços encontrados em parques e praças, e determinamos quais devem ser as condições de posição angular e altura para que este salto ocorra visando determinar a maior distância horizontal no lançamento. Como uma aplicação do modelo obtido, sugerimos um experimento para uso em laboratório didático onde se promove um movimento oscilatório através um pêndulo físico, um eletroímã e uma esfera metálica. As medidas das grandezas físicas envolvidas na experiência foram feitas através da técnica da vídeo-análise e corroboram as previsões teóricas do modelo para a medida do alcance horizontal com um desvio inferior a 4,5%.
Green Politics, Expertise, and Democratic Discourse in the Two Germanies, 1989–2019
Authors: Hager Carol
Published: June 2020

Environmental movements became a major vehicle for promoting citizen participation in both East and West Germany during the 1980s. Their critiques of industrial society, however, reflected the different constellations of power in their respective countries. Movements in both East and West formed green parties, but their disparate understandings of power, expertise, and democracy complicated the parties’ efforts to coalesce during the unification process and to play a major role in German politics after unification. I propose that the persistence of this East-West divide helps explain the continuing discrepancy in the appeal of Alliance 90/The Greens in the old and new German federal states. Nevertheless, I also suggest that the Greens have accomplished their goal of opening technical issue areas—particularly energy—to political debate. This is currently working to enhance their image throughout Germany as champions of technological innovation and democratic openness in the face of climate inaction and right-wing populism.
“This Other Germany, the Dark One”
Authors: Adaire Esther
Published: June 2020

This paper examines antiforeigner violence in the former East German towns of Hoyerswerda (1991) and Rostock-Lichtenhagen (1992) as a case study for both the heightened presence of neo-Nazi/skinhead groups in Germany following 1989/in the Wende period, and the memory politics employed by German politicians in the Bundestag, as well as in media discourse, with regards to the problems entailed in uniting two Germanys which had experienced entirely difference processes of Vergangenheitsbewältigung. My analysis of the riots focuses mainly on the mnemonic discourses surrounding them, in particular the work that the image of “the East German skinhead” does within the broader context of German memory politics. This paper is also situated within the context of present-day German politics with regards to shifting cultures of memory and the electoral success of Alternative for Germany.
Analisis Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Calon Tenaga Kerja Indonesia pada PT. Tri Ganda Swajaya Kediri
Authors: Sutapa Heru
Published: June 2020

Kualitas pelayanan  terhadap kepuasan calon tenaga kerja Indonesia pada PT. Tri Ganda Swajaya Kediri dilihat dari hal-hal  berikut yaitu bukti fisik (tangibles), keandalan (reability), daya tanggap (responsiviness), jaminan (assurance), dan empati (emphaty).Dari kelima variabel tersebut hanya ada satu variabel yaitu variabel X2 (Reability) yang tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan calon tenaga kerja Indonesia yang ada di perusahaan tersebut. Sedangkan keempat variabel yang lain seperti bukti fisik (tangibles), daya tanggap (responsiviness), jaminan (assurance), dan empati (emphaty) memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan.Metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data dengan kuesioner kepada para calon tenaga kerja.Hasil tersebut berdasarkan pada  uji t ( parsial ) serta uji F ( simultan ) yang dilakukan dengan dibantu software SPSS. Untuk persamaan regresi yang dihasilkan adalah Y’= - 4.171+0.350X1-0.175X2+0.349X3+0.198X4+0.758X5 .

 

Kata kunci: Kualitas Pelayanan (tangibles, reability, responsiviness, assurance, emphaty), Kepuasan pelanggan
Fluktuasi Harga Saham Bank Umum Pemerintah, Imbas dari Pergerakan Inflasi dan BI Rate
Authors: Buniarto Edwin Agus
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis fluktuasi harga saham bank umum pemerintah di Pasar Modal Indonesia, sebagai imbas dari pergerakan inflasi dan  BI rate . Penelitian ini merupakan jenis kuantitatif karena mengunankan analisis statistic inferensial. Variabel penelitian ini meliputi harga saham sebagai variabel dependen. Sedangkan variabel independennya adalah tingkat inflasi dan Bank Indonesia (BI) rate.

Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah bank umum pemerintah yang listing di Pasar modal Indonesia Pemilihan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling, dengan jumlah 4 (empat) bank umum pemerintah.Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda.

Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa secara parsial inflasi mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham sebesar -0,055 yang menunjukkan besarnya kontribusi yang diberikan variabel X1terhadap Harga Saham. Sedangkan pengaruh Bi Rate sebesar -0,160 yang menunjukkan besarnya kontribusi yang diberikan variabel BI Rate (X2)terhadap Harga Saham.  Keduanya menunjukkan pengaruh negative yang artinya kenaikan inflasi dan BI rate akan menurunkan harga saham bank umum pemerintah.
SIKAP DAN ETIKA DALAM MENGHADAPI IKHTILAF PENDAPAT MAZHAB FIQIH
Authors: Faisal Muhammad Zuhdi dan
Published: June 2020

Dissent is a common thing, it even becomes sunnatullah or human nature. In thedevelopment of Islamic law, Ikhtilaf (differences of opinion) regarding the establishment of lawhas occurred among the Companions of the Prophet. When the Apostle was still alive, butdifferences of opinion could soon be reconciled by returning to the Messenger of Allah. Amongfriends after the Prophet's death often arise differences of opinion in establishing the law oncertain matters. Dissent in the tradition of Islamic scholars is not new. Countless works havebeen written by special Islamic scholars to study, compare, and then discuss different views withtheir respective arguments. The attitude of the Companions of the Prophet when facingdifferences among them, the attitude of the Imams mazhab of the Muslim, the wise and wiseattitude in addressing the disputes between them.
AQAD NIKAH PESPEKTIF FIQH DAN KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Muhazir
Published: June 2020

Regulations relating to private matters such as marriage and other civil matters are regulated in such a way as to achieve the objectives of the law itself. Therefore, howimportant is the position of law in the social order. Likewise in the concept of marriage, inorder to regulate and protect and protect human rights, it is necessary to make a formallegal codification in order to have legal power that can guarantee each individual.Especially in this marriage concerning private matters which are very urgent to protect, thisis due to factors arising from family problems, both concerning the protection of his wife,husband and children. Aqad marriage in marriage has an important role in determining thelegal or illegitimate marriage, because aqan is a binding bond both legally and morallybetween two individuals.
NEONATAL SEPSIS AND IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FACTORS: STUDY IN AVBRH HOSPITAL SAWANGI
Authors: Singhavi Pramod P.
Published: June 2020

Introduction: India has the highest incidence of clinical sepsis i.e.17,000/ 1,00,000 live births. In Neonatal sepsis septicaemia, pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, arthritis and urinary tract infections can be included. Mortality in the neonatal period each year account for 41% (3.6 million) of all deaths in children under 5 years and most of these deaths occur in low income countries and about one million of these deaths are due to infectious causes including neonatal sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia. In early onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) Clinical features are non-specific and are inefficient for identifying neonates with early-onset sepsis. Culture results take up to 48 hours and may give false-positive or low-yield results because of the antenatal antibiotic exposure. Reviews of risk factors has been used globally to guide the development of management guidelines for neonatal sepsis, and it is similarly recommended that such evidence be used to inform guideline development for management of neonatal sepsis.

Material and Methods: This study was carried out using institution based cross section study . The total number neonates admitted in the hospital in given study period was 644, of which 234 were diagnosed for neonatal sepsis by the treating pediatrician based on the signs and symptoms during admission. The data was collected: Sociodemographic characteristics; maternal information; and neonatal information for neonatal sepsis like neonatal age on admission, sex, gestational age, birth weight, crying immediately at birth, and resuscitation at birth.

Results: Out of 644 neonates admitted 234 (36.34%) were diagnosed for neonatal sepsis by the paediatrician based on the signs and symptoms during admission. Of the 234 neonates, 189 (80.77%) infants were in the age range of 0 to 7 days (Early onset sepsis) while 45 (19.23%) were aged between 8 and 28 days (Late onset sepsis). Male to female ratio in our study was 53.8% and 46% respectively. Out of total 126 male neonates 91(72.2%) were having early onset sepsis while 35 (27.8%) were late onset type. Out of total 108 female neonates 89(82.4%) were having early onset sepsis while 19 (17.6%) were late onset type. Maternal risk factors were identified in 103(57.2%) of early onset sepsis cases while in late onset sepsis cases were 11(20.4%). Foul smelling liquor in early onset sepsis and in late onset sepsis was 10(5.56%) and 2 (3.70%) respectively. In early onset sepsis cases maternal UTI, Meconium stained amniotic fluid, Multipara and Premature rupture of membrane was seen in 21(11.67%), 19 (10.56%), 20(11.11%) and 33 (18.33%) cases respectively. In late onset sepsis cases maternal UTI, Meconium stained amniotic fluid, Multipara and Premature rupture of membrane was seen in 2 (3.70%), 1(1.85%), 3 (5.56%) and 3 (5.56%) cases respectively.

Conclusion: Maternal risk identification may help in the early identification and empirical antibiotic treatment in neonatal sepsis and thus mortality and morbidity can be reduced.
CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF SUBSTITUTED BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Verma Minakshi , Tilak Amita , Sharma Ranjana , Gupta Ashish Kumar
Published: June 2020

A blend of 32.4 g (0.1 mole) of ortho phenylenediamine (OPD), 19.5g (0.1 mol) of Potassium hydroxide (KOH) and 26 g (0.1 mole) of carbon disulphide (CS2), 300 ml of 95% ethanol and water were taken in round base flagon and reflux give coupling prouct benzimidazole 2-thiol (1) was isolated as flicker white precious stone. 10.75ml of concentrated nitric corrosive and equivalent amount of concentrated sulphuric corrosive (1:1) was included The nitration item 5-nitro benzimidazole 2-thiol (2) was shaped as yellowish pale shading, at that point S-alkylated subordinates framed from 5-Niro benzimidazole 2-thiol utilizing acetonitrile (20 ml) containing 2 ml (14 mmol) DBU followed by the expansion of 0.72 g (5 mmol) of 2-diethylaminoethylchloride (3i), 4-aminobenzylchloride (3ii), 4-Hydroxybenzylchloride (3iii), 4-nitro 2-Hydroxybenzylchloride (3iv) give The arrangement was mixed for the time being at room temperature and the dissolvable vanished. Water (5 ml) was added to the buildup and the blend was carried to pH 7 with CH3COOH. The accelerate framed was sifted and solidified from H2O to give last item (3a), (3b), (3c), (3d) individually.

Keywords: Benzimidazole, Anti-microbial, S-Alkylation benzimidazole, 2- mercapto benzimidazole.
TO FIND OUT CORRELATION BETWEEN SVC FLOW AND LEFT VENTRICULAR OUTPUT IN NEWBORN BETWEEN GESTATIONAL AGE OF 34-37 WEEKS AND >37 WEEKS ON LIFE DAY ONE
Authors: Dhaker Mukesh Kumar , Tak Kapil Kumar , Verma Suresh
Published: June 2020

Background: Preterm newborn is vulnerable to brain injury which is thought to be caused partly by abnormalities in cerebral perfusion (1). Commonly used parameters such as blood pressure & blood lactate level are not sufficient to detect low circulatory blood flow in preterm neonate  because these are poor surrogate markers of systemic blood flow during the circulatory transition just after birth Methods- The Present Prospective Cross sectional observational study was conducted in the department of Paediatrics, attached to DR.SN Medical College Jodhpur over the duration of one year .Ethical consent was taken from local institutional ethical committee of Dr.S.N Medical College Jodhpur.

Results: In present study 2D Echocardiography was done in preterm newborn  (Median  gestational age 35 week) (range 34-37 week ) on life day one for measurement of superior vena cava blood flow in which mean flow was 62.5±20.93 ml/kg/min (Mean±SD) and Median flow was  57.83ml/kg/min  and  range of SVC flow was  18-143 ml/kg/min. Also measured left ventricular output on life day one  in which Mean±SD and median LVO  flow was 204.88±70.74  and 189.5 which show r value 0.56 with significant positive predictive value <0.0001 by Pearson’s correlation  coefficient. In term newborn between gestational ages of 37-41 week with Median gestational age 39 week (range 37-41 week) on life day one. In which mean LVO flow was 203.31± 61.88 (Mean±SD)   and mean SVC flow was 58.89±19.11, (Mean±SD) Shows r value 0.40 and positive predictive value < 0.002 by using Pearson’s correlation coefficient.

Conclusion: We conclude that SVC flow measurent through 2D colour Doppler echocardiography is most reliable and non-invasive method in preterm newborn as well as evaluation of treatment. . Although echocardiographic assessment of LVO appears to be relatively robust, it is of limited clinical value preterm neonates   in the   neonatal unit setting because the majority of sick preterm neonate will have patent ductus arteriosus, meaning that LVO does not represent systemic blood flow and is in fact a better marker of pulmonary flow volume.

Keywords: SVC, Preterm, Term neonates.
DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT & CHARACTERIZATION OF FAST DISSOLVING TABLET OF CARVEDILOL
Authors: Sharma Ankit , Bansal Mayank
Published: June 2020

Fast dissolving tablets are developed as an alternative to tablet, capsule and syrup for the paediatric and geriatric patient suffering from disease who feels difficulty in swallowing the oral solid dosage form. Carvedilol is practically insoluble in water, slightly soluble in an alcohol, practically insoluble in dilute acids. Carvedilol is a non-cardioselective beta blocker. It has vasodilating properties, which are attributed mainly to its blocking activity at alpha1 receptors; at higher doses calcium-channel blocking activity may contribute. Carvedilol competitively blocks receptors. The elimination half-life is about 6 to 10 hours. The main objective of this research work was to formulate and evaluate fast dissolving tablet of carvedilol using excipients like Croscarmellose sodium, Crospovidone, Microcrystalline Cellulose,   magnesium stearate, PVP etc.  Formulation of fast dissolving tablets of Carvedilol by direct compression method using different types of polymer in different percentages. The tablets with drug were also evaluated for uniformity of drug content, in-vitro drug release and stability studies. The drug content in the fast dissolving tablets was found to be uniform and with low correlation of variation. The tablets prepared with solid dispersion in combination with super disintegrate showed better release profile as compared to only incorporation of super disintegrates.  The tablets prepared by effervescent and pore forming technology provides satisfactory drug release. The release of drug followed first order kinetics and mechanism of drug release was found to be diffusion controlled.

The stability data at different temperature and humidity showed no significant degradation of Carvedilol and shelf life found to be more than 520 days. Fast dissolving tablets prepared by the Ac – Di – Sol in 4% concentration are promising for rapid release of Carvedilol.  Incorporation of solid dispersion (PEG 4000 : CARVEDILOL) (4:1)  into Ac – Di – Sol in 2 % concentration enhanced the release rate of Carvedilol and thus therapeutic levels of the drug could be achieved through fast dissolving tablets. Tablets prepared by effervescent and pore forming technologies are also very promising for stable and rapid release of Carvedilol.

Keywords: Carvedilol, FDDS, solid dispersion, tablets, Sodium, Crospovidone, Microcrystalline Cellulose,   magnesium stearate, PVP.
A aplicabilidade das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação no Ensino Básico
Authors: Silva Rondinelli de Carvalho , Sá Gilmara Benício de , Danowski Huber Danúbio Correia , Beuttenmüller Zailton Frederico , Alves José Jakson Amancio
Published: June 2020

A partir do século XXI, com a democratização da internet no Brasil, surgiram ferramentas educativas que proporcionaram uma maior e ágil massificação do acesso à informação digital. Mesmo diante deste cenário favorável, ainda enfrentamos, até os dias atuais, dificuldades na implementação destas novas tecnologias na educação básica do ensino público. Diante desta constatação, este trabalho tem como objetivo examinar a aplicabilidade das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação – TICs no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Trata-se de um trabalho descritivo, de cunho bibliográfico, visando apresentar conceitos relacionados a nova metodologia adotada no ensino. Atinamos que as TICs, em parceria com à educação básica, podem acrescentar valores, visando uma aprendizagem significativa dos discentes, porém, mesmo com esta qualidade, existem inúmeros obstáculos que dificultam sua utilização pelos docentes nas escolas públicas. Observou-se, também, aquisições investigativas que apresentassem um breve relato do inserimento das desiguais tecnologias em destaque na educação do Brasil e a maneira como ela é utilizada em nossa contemporaneidade. O propósito de alcançar e explorar os prováveis obstáculos encontrados por docentes da segunda fase do Ensino Fundamental que atuam na escola pública no usufruto das TICs no processo ensino-aprendizagem. O professor precisa estar motivado e valorizado no uso das novas tecnologias, acreditando na sua aplicabilidade e efetivação.
Релігійна толерантність в аспекті європейського конституціоналізму: пошук правових меж
Authors: Zhyvotovska I. Yu.
Published: June 2020

Релігійна толерантність виступає проблемою взаємодії різних культур і цивілізації, а також діалогу всередині культур.

Метою статті є аналіз правових меж релігійної толерантності, визначення кола теоретичних і практичних проблем щодо принципу державного нейтралітету в релігійних питаннях крізь призму судового рішення, яке потребує правового врегулювання.

Наукова новизна полягає у пошуку шляхів зниження конфліктогенного потенціалу в сучасній Україні у зв’язку з частими проявами нетерпимості між прихильниками різних релігійних світоглядів та інтеграцією держави у світову спільноту.

Висновки. Полеміка про розміщення релігійних символів у публічних місцях і досягнення правильного балансу між конкурентними правами (коли меншини дотримуються своїх релігійних свобод, і в багатьох випадках релігійна більшість бореться за збереження статусу-кво у своїх привілейованих позиціях) ще далека від своєї завершеності й потребує подальшого різнобічного осмислення в контексті взаємодії міжнародних правових норм і національного законодавства.

Підхід до вирішення цього питання повинен забезпечуватися національним правом, однак обсяг розсуду, наданий державі, не є завжди однаковим. Незважаючи на те, що Суд не повинен встановлювати єдині стандарти, усе ще важливо, щоб він надавав рекомендації щодо орієнтирів, які держави повинні враховувати при розробці державної політики, антидискримінаційного законодавства та практики, щоб виконати свої зобов’язання щодо дотримання основних прав.

Релігійна толерантність являє собою той вимірювальний засіб, за допомогою якого європейська спільнота знаходить свої нові риси й порушує питання про власну ідентичність і про роль релігії у її формуванні. Реалізація ідей толерантності в нових умовах не відбувається без використання правових механізмів. Держави на сучасному етапі повинні прагнути до створення такого політико-правового режиму, який найбільшою мірою сприяє зміцненню ідей толерантності в суспільній свідомості. Тому потребує вдосконалення відповідна система правових стимулів і обмежень, профілактики та юридичної відповідальності за правопорушення в цій сфері.
Особливості введення в обіг зелених облігацій в Україні
Authors: Frolov A. Yu.
Published: June 2020

Метою статті є аналіз національного законодавства, що регулює відносини у сфері розміщення й обігу цінних паперів, та обґрунтування особливостей нормативно-правового врегулювання окремого їх підвиду – зелених облігацій.

Науковою новизною є сформовані в результаті дослідження наукові пропозиції щодо нормативно-правового врегулювання розміщення й обігу зелених облігацій в України.

Висновок. Національне законодавство про цінні папери не містить обмежень щодо можливості розміщення облігацій різними категоріями емітентів з метою залучення коштів та їх використання для фінансування «зелених» проектів. Попри це, законодавством не встановлюються вимоги до емітентів дотримуватись принципів та міжнародних стандартів здійснення випусків зелених облігацій, що може спровокувати поширення greenwashing на українському ринку цінних паперів.

Законопроектом «Про внесення змін до деяких законодавчих актів України щодо спрощення залучення інвестицій та запровадження нових фінансових інструментів» (реєстр. № 2284 від 17.10.2019 р.) встановлюються правові засади для обігу стандартних зелених облігацій на українському ринку цінних паперів. За загальними ознаками вітчизняний фінансовий інструмент матиме подібні риси до визнаних у світі «green bonds». Визначення зелених облігацій та екологічних проектів, принципи розкриття інформації емітентами, процедури звітності та використання надходжень, що будуть залучені від інвесторів на фінансування та/або рефінансування витрат екологічних проектів відповідають міжнародним принципам GBP.

З метою недопущення спотворення ринку зелених облігацій ще на етапі його зародження потрібно додатково розробити механізми здійснення оцінки відповідності випусків облігацій міжнародним принципам зелених облігацій GВP та верифікації проектів кваліфікованими сторонніми організаціями, які користуються довірою. Так само важливо опрацювати більш детально вимоги щодо якості розкриття інформації емітентами зелених облігацій, дотримання екологічних показників, забезпечення достовірності наданої інформації.

Необхідно врахувати досвід і вимоги світового фондового ринку до зелених облігацій та створити підґрунтя для випуску інших типів: зелених доходних, проектних та сек’юритизованих облігацій. Якщо ринок стандартних зелених облігацій в Україні покаже свою дієвість та стане швидко розвиватись, необхідно невідкладно підготувати та прийняти окремі закони щодо обігу інших трьох типів зелених облігацій.
FUNGSI PENGAWASAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN PERADILAN YANG IMPARSIAL
Authors: Sampara Said
Published: June 2020

Implementation of judicial power in the realization of judicial impartiality rests on their independence and the independence of judiciary in performing the duties of his judicial is not affected by any power, as well as the responsibilities imposed on judges in carrying out the task of checking and deciding cases and functions of the Supreme Court under the supervision of the judiciary the impartiality in the administration of judicial power, manifested in the form of preventive supervision, in the form of signs norms enshrined in both the legislation and the code of ethics and code of conduct of judges. In addition, there are forms of repressive supervision which in practice is carried out by the Supreme Court and the Judicial Commission.

 Abstrak

Implementasi kekuasaan kehakiman dalam perwujudan imparsialitas yudisial bertumpu pada independensi mereka dan independensi kehakiman dalam menjalankan tugas-tugas kehakimannya tidak dipengaruhi oleh kekuasaan apa pun, serta tanggung jawab yang dibebankan pada hakim dalam melaksanakan tugas memeriksa dan memutuskan kasus dan fungsi Mahkamah Agung di bawah pengawasan pengadilan, ketidakberpihakan dalam administrasi kekuasaan kehakiman, yang diwujudkan dalam bentuk pengawasan preventif, dalam bentuk tanda-tanda norma yang diabadikan baik dalam undang-undang dan kode etik serta kode perilaku hakim. Selain itu, ada bentuk pengawasan represif yang dalam praktiknya dilakukan oleh Mahkamah Agung dan Komisi Yudisial.
PEMBENTUKAN PERATURAN DAERAH DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN OTONOMI DAERAH
Authors: Bunga Marten
Published: June 2020

Regulations in the area of regional autonomy is as a policy instrument in the regional administration of the widest. The formation of local regulations in accordance with the public interest its implementation should be based on the principles of local autonomy and substance of local regulations must not conflict with the public interest and the law is higher.

Abstrak

 Peraturan di bidang otonomi daerah adalah sebagai instrumen kebijakan dalam pemerintahan daerah yang seluas-luasnya. Pembentukan peraturan daerah sesuai dengan kepentingan publik pelaksanaannya harus didasarkan pada prinsip-prinsip otonomi daerah dan substansi peraturan daerah tidak boleh bertentangan dengan kepentingan publik dan hukum lebih tinggi.
IMPLEMENTASI FUNGSI KONTROL PERS TERHADAP PEMERINTAHAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 40 TAHUN 1999
Authors: Muhsin Riswansyah
Published: June 2020

Law Number 40 the Year 1999 regarding the Press is one of the rules of law which has a function in the effort to realize a good life together. In broad outline of the press coverage has reflected the process of democratization, is no longer controlled by the government, the alignment of the press is based on the truth with based on moral and ethical values and laws, without any influence or pressure either internal or external.

AbstrakUndang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 1999 tentang Pers merupakan salah satu aturan hukum yang memiliki fungsi dalam upaya mewujudkan kehidupan yang baik bersama. Secara garis besar liputan pers telah mencerminkan proses demokratisasi, tidak lagi dikendalikan oleh pemerintah, penyelarasan pers didasarkan pada kebenaran dengan didasarkan pada nilai-nilai dan hukum moral dan etika, tanpa pengaruh atau tekanan baik internal maupun eksternal.
EFEKTIVITAS UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 8 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP JUAL BELI DENGAN SISTEM TRANSAKSI ELEKTRONIK (E-COMMERCE)
Authors: Akbar Hamsah Muhajir
Published: June 2020

Legal protection to consumers by BPSK through means of mediation or conciliation or arbitration is made on the choice and consent of the parties concerned. Consumer dispute resolution is not a gradual dispute resolution process. Factors affecting the process of providing legal protection to the sale and purchase through electronic transactions are legal factors that still weaken the parties, especially the consumer, the requirement of the agreement in Article 1320 of the Civil Code can not be fulfilled in full, especially the matter of proficiency. The activities of the cyberspace can not be approached by conventional law size and classification alone, because if this method is taken too much difficulty and passes the enforcement of the law.

 AbstrakPerlindungan hukum kepada konsumen oleh BPSK melalui mediasi atau konsiliasi atau arbitrasi dilakukan berdasarkan pilihan dan persetujuan dari pihak-pihak terkait. Resolusi perselisihan konsumen bukanlah proses penyelesaian perselisihan bertahap. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi proses pemberian perlindungan hukum terhadap jual beli melalui transaksi elektronik adalah faktor hukum yang masih melemahkan para pihak, terutama konsumen, persyaratan perjanjian dalam Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata tidak dapat dipenuhi secara penuh, terutama soal kemahiran. Kegiatan dunia maya tidak dapat didekati dengan ukuran hukum konvensional dan klasifikasi saja, karena jika metode ini diambil terlalu banyak kesulitan dan melewati penegakan hukum.
Bonamia exitiosa in farmed native oysters Ostrea angasi in Australia: optimal epidemiological qPCR cut-point and clinical disease risk factors
Authors: Bradley TL , Mercer JA , Humphrey JD , Moody NJG , Hunnam JC
Published: June 2020

Bonamiosis has developed as a problem in Australian native oysters Ostrea angasi since the parasite Bonamia spp. was first detected in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, in the early 1990s. At that time, large-scale mortalities in both farmed and wild oysters saw the demise of the pilot native oyster culture industry. More recent attempts to farm the species resulted in subclinical infections that progressed over time to clinical disease. The aim of this work was to establish what environmental factors result in the clinical manifestation of disease; determine the diagnostic sensitivity and diagnostic specificity of histopathological examination and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) test for the diagnosis of B. exitiosa infection in clinically diseased farmed native oysters; and calculate the optimal qPCR threshold cycle (CT) epidemiological cut-point for classification of positive and negative cases. After applying a range of stressors to tank-held oysters, results indicated a 58% increased risk (95% CI: 16%, 99%) of a Bonamia-infected oyster dying if the oyster was held at a higher temperature (p = 0.048). Starving and tumbling oysters, in isolation, was not significantly associated with clinical bonamiosis, but a Bonamia-infected oyster was at the greatest risk of death when increased water temperature was combined with both starvation and increased motion (p = 0.02; odds ratio = 3.47). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the World Organisation for Animal Health qPCR protocol were calculated for increasing CT value cut-points from ≤25 to ≤40, with an optimal cut-point identified at ≤34.5 (specificity: 92.2; 95% posterior credible intervals [PCI]: 76.2, 99.8; Sensitivity: 93.5; 95% PCI: 84.7, 99.1).
Spatio-temporal patterns of foraging behaviour in a wide-ranging seabird reveal the role of primary productivity in locating prey
Authors: Kane A , Pirotta E , Wischnewski S , Critchley EJ , Bennison A , Jessopp M , Quinn JL
Published: June 2020

Predicting the distribution and behaviour of animals is a fundamental objective in ecology and a cornerstone of conservation biology. Modelling the distribution of ocean-faring species like seabirds remains a significant challenge due to ocean dynamics, colony-specific effects and the vast ranges seabirds can cover. We used a spatial and behavioural approach to model the distribution of the Manx shearwaterPuffinus puffinus, a pelagic, central-place forager that can cover great distances while foraging. GPS data from birds tagged in 2 colonies over 3 yr were modelled with a range of environmental predictors of marine productivity. For both colonies, transitions to foraging behaviour correlated with chlorophylla, and the distribution of foraging behaviour was also associated with areas of high chlorophyllaconcentration in coastal but not offshore areas for one colony. Furthermore, there was evidence for colony differences in habitat use, prevalence of nocturnal foraging, and for some competitive exclusion on foraging grounds, even though the colonies were 170 km apart. Despite the extensive dataset, our models had modest predictive power, which we suggest can probably only be improved by including biotic interactions, including more direct measures of food resource distribution. Our results highlight the importance of including spatial complexity and data from multiple sites when predicting the distribution of wide-ranging predators, because patterns of distribution and habitat use likely differ across the range of a population.
Tingkat Stres Ibu Menyusui dan Pemberian Asi pada Bulan Pertama
Authors: Ulfa Zuly Daima , Setyaningsih Yuli
Published: June 2020

ENGLISHStress on maternal can inhibit breastmilk production so that it disrupts lactation. Stress occurs in the first month after birth delivery as the adaptation of new roles. This condition causes mother give up on breastfeeding early and it affects the sustainibility of exclusive breastfeeding as ideal nutrition for infant. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between stress levels of breastfeeding mothers and behavior of giving the breast milk in the first month. This study used a cross sectional approach which was carried out in the working area of Community Health Center of Tayu I. The sampling technique was  purposive sampling. The results showed that breastfeeding mothers who suffered from stress in the first month were as many as 42.5%, consisting of 25% mild stress, 15% moderate stress and 2.5% severe stress. Breastfeeding in the first month was as many as 75%, carried out by mothers not sufferring stress and those suffering mild and moderate stress. The results of chi square analysis obtained ρ 0.041 which means that there was a correlation between stress levels of breastfeeding mothers in the first month. The Odds Ratio (OR) was as many as 9,33 (95% Cl= 1,38,63,20) which means that mothers who suffered from moderate-high level of stress had as many as 9,33 times of possibility not to breastfeeding in the first month. Breastfeeding mothers who did not suffer from stress and suffer mild level of stress were more likely to keep breastfeeding in the first month. INDONESIAStres pada ibu dapat menghambat pengeluaran ASI. Stres sering dialami pada bulan pertama setelah persalinan sebagai adaptasi menjalankan peran baru. Keadaan tersebut dapat membuat ibu berhenti menyusui lebih awal yang berpengaruh pada keberlangsungan pemberian ASI Eksklusif sementara ASI adalah nutrisi terbaik bagi bayi. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis hubungan tingkat stres ibu menyusui dengan pemberian ASI pada bulan pertama. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional, dilakukan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tayu I. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara  sampling purposive. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ibu menyusui pada bulan pertama yang mengalami stres sebanyak 42,5%; terdiri stres ringan 25%; stres sedang 15%; dan stres berat 2,5%. Pemberian ASI pada bulan pertama sebesar 75%, dilakukan oleh ibu yang tidak mengalami stres maupun ibu yang mengalami stres ringan dan sedang. Berdasarkan analisis chi square didapatkan ρ 0,041; yang berarti ada hubungan tingkat stres ibu menyusui dengan pemberian ASI pada bulan pertama. Odds Ratio (OR) sebesar 9,33 (95% CI=1,38, 63,20) yang berarti ibu dengan tingkat stres sedang-berat mempunyai kemungkinan 9,33 lebih besar untuk tidak memberikan ASI pada bulan pertama. Ibu menyusui yang tidak mengalami stres atau mengalami stres dalam fase ringan mempunyai kemungkinan lebih besar untuk tetap melakukan pemberian ASI pada bulan pertama.
Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Penolakan Imunisasi Bayi dan Balita pada Masyarakat Sedulur Sikep (Samin)
Authors: Siswanto Edi , Margawati Ani , Suryoputro Antono
Published: June 2020

ENGLISHSamin Society is located in the area of Baturejo Village, Sukolilo District, Pati Regency. The initial data of 79 children consist of 2 to 5 years old that have status immunization 1 child completely immunized and 78 children uncompletely immunized. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that affect the immunization rejection of Samin community in Baturejo Village, Sukolillo District, Pati Regency. This study uses a qualitative approach with a cross sectional observation. Techniques of collecting data included indepth interviews, field-event observation and document-observation. The technique for determining informants used purposive sampling. The results of this study were: 1) perception that it is not susceptible to the disease due to not immunized, 2) the perception that the disease due to not immunized is not harmful, 3) perception that immunization is no benefit, 4) the perception that the loss or greater obstacles in immunizing their children and 5) cues to act is not conducive to behave immunizing their children.  INDONESIAMasyarakat Samin berada di wilayah Desa Baturejo Kecamatan Sukolilo Kabupaten Pati. Data awal menunjukkan sebanyak 79 anak umur 2 sampai dengan 5 tahun. 1 anak berstatus imunisasi dasar lengkap, sedangkan 78 anak berstatus tidak imunisasi dasar lengkap. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penolakan imunisasi di masyarakat Samin Desa Baturejo Kecamatan Sukolillo Kabupaten Pati. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan crosssectional dilakukan dengan observasional. Teknik pengumpulan  data melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi lapangan, dan observasi dokumen. Teknik penentuan informan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: 1)  persepsi bahwa tidak rentan terhadap penyakit akibat tidak imunisasi, 2) persepsi bahwa penyakit akibat tidak imunisasi tidak membahayakan, 3) persepsi bahwa imunisasi tidak ada manfaatnya, 4) persepsi bahwa kerugian atau hambatan lebih besar dalam mengimunisasi anaknya, dan 5) isyarat untuk bertindak tidak mendukung untuk berperilaku mengimunisasi anaknya.
Subject of study—the aging brain
Authors: Ivanitskii G R , Morozov A A
Published: June 2020

Progress in research aimed at combating neurodegenerative diseases requires a systematic biophysical analysis. It has been shown that the efficiency of cleaning the brain of metabolic and informational ‘toxins’ depends on the thresholds of excitation of neural networks and waves of ‘pollution and purification’ propagating inside the brain. This process affects the increase in the characteristic time of the normal functioning of the brain and, consequently, in human life expectancy.
GAMBARAN PEMBERIAN OBAT PADA PENDERITA HIPERTENSI DI PUSKESMAS RAWANG
Authors: Taslim Tuty , Betris Yani Anggela
Published: June 2020

Hypertension is a disease that often causes death because many people do not realize it. People have hypertension if the blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg after regular checking. In Puskesmas Rawang, hypertension is the second-highest disease. This study aims to overview drug administration in patient's hypertension. This research is an observational descriptive study using retrospective data with the inclusion criteria. Data was taken from the recipes in April till June 2019 period. Based on the research, 82 % of women more suffer than men. While the age criteria from  41 – 61 years was 53.8%. The majority of drugs were given in Puskesmas Rawang was amlodipine with a percentage of 89%.
BALTHASAR, Prince of Loam: Pale Fire’s Dark Savior – Mechanical Toy or Mystical Man?
Authors: Ross Mary
Published: June 2020

“Balthasar,” Kinbote’s Negro gardener in Nabokov’s PALE FIRE seems to be a minor character. He is curiously linked with Kinbote’s neighbor John Shade’s boyhood toy – a mechanical Negro boy pushing a wheelbarrow. Upon seeing the toy in Shade’s basement, Kinbote declares that it shall work again because “I have the key.” What is the key to this mysterious transcendental object, and how is it that Kinbote possesses it? What does it mean for it to work again? Why is it a gardener with a wheelbarrow, and why a Negro? And how does the mechanical toy relate to the living gardener? The Jungian substrate of the novel reveals a separate fictive plane where the humble gardener is actually an archetype of the self and Gnostic creator-god: the novel’s enigmatic Professor Botkin, as stand-in for Nabokov.
Glyphosate and Saflufenacil: Elucidating Their Combined Action on the Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Conyza bonariensis
Authors: Piasecki Cristiano , Carvalho Ivan R. , Avila Luis A. , Agostinetto Dirceu , Vargas Leandro
Published: June 2020

Synergic effects of glyphosate and saflufenacil have been reported to control Conyza spp. However, the mechanism of this synergic combination is unknown. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of the combination of glyphosate and saflufenacil on the control and resistance status of glyphosate-resistant (GR) C. bonariensis, as well as on oxidative stress and lipidic peroxidation. Glyphosate-resistant and glyphosate-sensitive (GS) biotypes were treated with different rates of saflufenacil, glyphosate, and glyphosate combined with saflufenacil. The combination of glyphosate (1480 g ae ha−1) and saflufenacil (≥15 g ha−1) presented the best control of GR plants compared with their individual effects. It also reduced the resistance factor from 19.6 to 4.6 (4.3-fold) and represents a good alternative for resistance management. The combination of glyphosate and saflufenacil resulted in higher oxidative stress and lipidic peroxidation compared with the effects of either herbicide alone. The oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation promoted by the combination of the herbicides occurred earlier after treatment and remained at higher levels over a longer period (12–192 h) compared with their individual results. The combined oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation at high levels over a long time is likely to be one reason that the combination of glyphosate and saflufenacil effectively controls GR C. bonariensis.
A Nitrification Inhibitor, Nitrapyrin, Reduces Potential Nitrate Leaching through Soil Columns Treated with Animal Slurries and Anaerobic Digestate
Authors: Giacometti Caterina , Mazzon Martina , Cavani Luciano , Ciavatta Claudio , Marzadori Claudio
Published: June 2020

A leaching experiment was designed to study the effects of a commercial nitrification inhibitor containing nitrapyrin on nitrification, microbial nitrogen (N) immobilization, and nitrate leaching. Soil columns were treated with 100 mg N kg−1 from pig slurry, cattle slurry, and anaerobic digestate in a mixture with or without the nitrification inhibitor. Destructive sampling was carried out after 0, 7, and 28 days of incubation in the dark at 18 °C. At each sampling date, artificial rain (200 mm of 0.01 M calcium chloride over 4 h) was added to the soil columns. The leachate was collected, and the soil was removed from the columns and sectioned into 5 cm segments. Results indicated that after 28 days of incubation, nitrapyrin enhanced ammoniacal N accumulation in the top layers of the soil columns and reduced the nitrate concentration in the leachates with pig slurry and anaerobic digestate. Furthermore, in the soil columns treated with anaerobic digestate, nitrapyrin promoted microbial N immobilization. These findings suggest that the use of nitrapyrin in a mixture with animal slurry and anaerobic digestate has the potential to reduce nitrate leaching and increase N retention in the topsoil, affording both environmental and economic advantages.
A Methodological Approach for Irrigation Detection in the Frame of Common Agricultural Policy Checks by Monitoring
Authors: Paredes-Gómez Vanessa , Gutiérrez Alberto , Del Blanco Vicente , Nafría David A.
Published: June 2020

New needs have arisen from member states and paying agencies (PA) to achieve the compliance assessment from farmers in the frame of the European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Traditional field inspection (on-the-spot checks) and computer-aided photointerpretation (CAPI) carried out by each PA over a sample of 5% of the applicants are being replaced by a 100% sample Copernicus satellite-based system (checks by monitoring, CbM). This new approach will be an integral part of the Area Monitoring System that will be part of the Integrated Administrative Control System (IACS) in the post-2020 CAP. Among all the aid schemes having to be analyzed, there are some specific aids in which the detection of irrigation of certain crops can result in a no-compliance resolution. Apart from that, the knowledge of the truly irrigated area in each campaign has always been data of great interest in irrigation planning, crop yield statistics, and water management, and now more than ever. Although several sources of information exist, there is no consensual methodology for estimating the actual irrigated area. The objective of this study is to propose a methodological approach based mainly on Copernicus Sentinel and IACS data not only to detect the surface of herbaceous crops that have been actually irrigated but also to derive a product suitable to be incorporated into the CAP monitoring process system. This methodology is already being used operationally during the ongoing campaign 2020 by Castile and León PA.
Chemical–Physical, Sensory Analyses and Consumers’ Quality Perception of Local vs. Imported Loquat Fruits: A Sustainable Development Perspective
Authors: Testa Riccardo , Migliore Giuseppina , Schifani Giorgio , Tinebra Ilenia , Farina Vittorio
Published: June 2020

Local products and their distribution through short supply chains play a key role in the sustainable development of many rural areas, as affirmed by the 2030 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Agenda. Moreover, in the last years, more and more consumers have shown a specific interest towards local production, pushed by the need for healthy eating, protecting the environment, and boosting the local economy. However, the cultivation of local fruit varieties or ecotypes has considerably decreased in the last decades because of their low production potential. As a result, many farmers have been forced to replace local orchards with few worldwide grown cultivars, causing a loss of genetic agrobiodiversity. For instance, in Italy, the loquat market is composed of imported cultivars and local grown autochthonous fruits (ecotype). Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the chemical–physical and sensory qualities, as well as the determinants of Italian consumer preference towards local ecotype of loquat fruit compared to imported varieties. Results show that local ecotypes result in excellent physico-chemical and sensory attributes, and that place of purchase and taste are the most important factors influencing consumers’ preference towards local loquats. Therefore, the cultivation of loquat ecotypes, together with effective marketing strategies, could increase the competitiveness of certain Italian rural areas, where this crop has always played a significant role in the economy.