bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Nyeri dan Kecemasan dengan Pola Istirahat Tidur Pasien Post Operasi di Ruang Bedah Rumah Sakit Umum Tengku Chik Ditiro Sigli
Authors: Bashir Asri
Published: August 2020

Post Operasi merupakan dimana setelah dilakukan pembedahan penanganan secara medis untuk mengobati penyakit yang mecederai jaringan atau organ di mulai saat pasien dipindahkan ke ruangan operasi dan berakhir ke ruangan pemulihan. Berdasarkan dari survey pasien memiliki perasaan cemas untuk bergerak dikarenakan Nyeri pada luka pembedahan yang mengakibatkan sulit beristiahat. Tujuan penelitian Untuk mengetahui Hubungan Nyeri dan kecemasan Terhadap Pola Istirahat Tidur pasien Post Operasi di Ruang bedah Rumah Sakit Umum Tengku Chik Ditiro. Jenis penelitian bersifat analitik dengan pendekatan crossectional yang di laksanakan di Ruang bedah Rumah Sakit Umum Tengku Chik Ditiro pada tanggal 28 Agustus s/d 07 September 2019 dengan tehnik porposive sampling yaitu sebanyak 60 responden, dan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pembagian kuisioner selanjutya dilakukan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian statistic menunjukan bahwa ada Hubungan Nyeri dan kecemasan dengan P value 0,002, Hubungan kecemasan dan pola istirahat post operasi dengan P value 0,005 di Ruang bedah Rumah Sakit Umum Tgk Chik Ditiro tahun 2019. Kesimpulan menunjukan Hubungan Nyeri dan kecemasan Terhadap Pola Istirahat Tidur pasien Post Operasi memiliki hubungan yang signifikan di Ruang bedah Rumah Sakit Umum Tengku Chik Ditiro. Kata Kunci: Nyeri dan kecemasan, Pola istirahatABSTRACTPostoperative where the surgical treatment is performed medically to treat diseases that can injure the patient's tissue or organs after being transferred to the recovery room. Based on the survey, the patient has an anxious feeling to move due to pain in the surgical wound which results in difficulty resting. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship of the night – time, pain, anxiety, and sleep for the postoperative patients at the surgery department in Tengku Chik Ditiro hospital 2019. This research is analytical through cross-sectional. The purposive sampling technique was used to conduct this research. There were 60 respondents. The data collection was got by distributing questionnaires. The result showed that there is a relationship between pain and anxiety. P-value 0.005 at the surgery department in Tengku Chik Ditiro 2019. The conclusion, there is a significant relationship between pain, and anxiety for postoperative patients. Keywords : pain and anxiety, sleep
Pola Pembinaan Prestasi Olahraga Sepak Takraw Klub Rameune Tahun 2019
Authors: Khwani Yudi , Fakhrullah Fakhrullah
Published: August 2020

AbstrakPenelitian berjudul “Pola Pembinaan Prestasi Olahraga Sepak Takraw Klub Rameune Tahun 2019”. Dalam menunjang pola pembinaan sepak takraw peran pengurus, pelatih dan atlet sangat penting dalam mencapai pretasi sebuah klub takraw. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui bentuk dan Pola Pembinaan Prestasi Olahraga Sepak Takraw Klub Rameune. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian deskriptif.Subjek dalam penelitian ini 15 orang terdiri dari 3 pengurus, 2 pelatihdan 10 atlet. Teknik penentuan subjek menggunakan teknik total sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan mengggunakan wawancara. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode reduksi, display dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengurus Klub Rameune secara umum mampu menjalan setiap program dan mampu menjadikan klub Rameune sebagai salah satu tim takraw yang bagus dikawasan Kabupaten Nagan Raya. Pelatih Klub Rameune mengakui bahwa selama ini dia belum bisa memberikan prestasi yang baik di tahun ini namun berjanji akan membawa Klub Rameune ketingkat prestasi yang lebih baik kedepan .Atlet Klub Rameune sangat berintergritas tinggi dalam latihan dan terus berlatih dengan program yang diberikan pelatih walau mereka tidak digaji namun mereka berlatih karena hobi dan kemauan sendiri. Pelatih memegang peranan yang sangat urgen dalam menciptakan atlet yang handal dan berkualitas, sehingga seorang pelatih membentuk kedisplinan, kerja keras dan pantang menyerah kepada atletnya.Kata kunci : Pola, Pembinaan, Prestasi, Olahraga, Sepak Takraw
UTILIZATION OF 1% OF METHYLENE BLUE IN STAINING HISTOPATHOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS AT ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY LABORATORY
Authors: Rahmawati Tri , Apriyadi Yadi , Mamay
Published: August 2020

Tissue staining using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) is a standard method of histopathological staining. The tissue staining is hampered when there is no hematoxylin reagent in laboratory. Therefore, other reagents are needed that can replace the use of hematoxylin. Methylene blue is a basic dyes that interact with cell nuclei which has a negative ionic charge of the tissue. It can be used as an alternative nuclei staining. This study aims to evaluate the use of 1% of methylene blue in cell nuclei staining in histopathological preparations. The research sample were 15 pathology preparations which were randomly selected including breast cancer, cervical cancer and ovarian cancer in the bank of sampel at anatomical pathology laboratory of RSUD Dr. Slamet Garut, Indonesia. The experiment showed that the methylene blue dyes yielded “worth” result (40%) and “poorly” result (60%). Further research can be carried out by modifying the pH of 1% of methylene blue reagent so that it can maximize the staining preparations results as good as those using hematoxylin.
Onconephrology: The intersections between the kidney and cancer
Authors: Rosner Mitchell H. , Jhaveri Kenar D. , McMahon Blaithin A. , Perazella Mark A.
Published: August 2020

Onconephrology is a new subspecialty of nephrology that recognizes the important intersections of kidney disease with cancer. This intersection takes many forms and includes drug‐induced nephrotoxicity, electrolyte disorders, paraneoplastic glomerulonephritis, and the interactions of chronic kidney disease with cancer. Data clearly demonstrate that, when patients with cancer develop acute or chronic kidney disease, outcomes are inferior, and the promise of curative therapeutic regimens is lessened. This highlights the imperative for collaborative care between oncologists and nephrologists in recognizing and treating kidney disease in patients with cancer. In response to this need, specific training programs in onconephrology as well as dedicated onconephrology clinics have appeared. This comprehensive review covers many of the critical topics in onconephrology, with a focus on acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, drug‐induced nephrotoxicity, kidney disease in stem cell transplantation, and electrolyte disorders in patients with cancer.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells impair osteoblastogenesis and promote osteoclastogenesis: role of TNFα, IL-6 and IL-11 cytokines
Authors: Paolo Giannoni  , Cecilia Marini  , Giovanna Cutrona  , Serena Matis  , Maria Cristina Capra  , Francesca Puglisi  , Paola Luzzi  , Simona Pigozzi  , Gabriele Gaggero  , Antonino Neri  , Katia Todoerti  , Fortunato Morabito  , Adalberto Ibatici  , Maurizio Miglino  , Micaela Bergamaschi  , Silvia Bruno  , Gian Mario Sambuceti  , Jean Louis Ravetti  , Manlio Ferrarini  , Franco Fais  , Daniela de Totero
Published: August 2020

Bone skeletal alterations are no longer considered a rare event in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), especially at more advanced stages of the disease. This study is aimed at elucidating the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. Bone marrow stromal cells, induced to differentiate toward osteoblasts in osteogenic medium, appeared unable to complete their maturation upon co-culture with CLL cells, CLL-cell-derived conditioned media (CLL-cm) or CLL-sera (CLL-sr). Inhibition of osteoblast differentiation was documented by decreased levels of RUNX2 and osteocalcin mRNA expression, by increased osteopontin and DKK-1 mRNA levels, and by a marked reduction of mineralized matrix deposition. The addition of neutralizing TNFα, IL-11 or anti-IL-6R monoclonal antibodies to these cocultures resulted in restoration of bone mineralization, indicating the involvement of these cytokines. These findings were further supported by silencing TNFα, IL-11 and IL-6 in leukemic cells. We also demonstrated that the addition of CLL-cm to monocytes, previously stimulated with MCSF and RANKL, significantly amplified the formation of large, mature osteoclasts as well as their bone resorption activity. Moreover, enhanced osteoclastogenesis, induced by CLL-cm, was significantly reduced by treating cultures with the anti-TNFα monoclonal antibody infliximab. An analogous effect was observed with the use of the BTK inhibitor, ibrutinib. Interestingly, CLL cells co-cultured with mature osteoclasts were protected from apoptosis and upregulated Ki-67. These experimental results parallel the direct correlation between amounts of TNFα in CLL-sr and the degree of compact bone erosion that we previously described, further strengthening the indication of a reciprocal influence between leukemic cell expansion and bone structure derangement.
Fetal hemoglobin rescues ineffective erythropoiesis in sickle cell disease
Authors: Sara El Hoss  , Sylvie Cochet  , Auria Godard  , Hongxia Yan  , Michaël Dussiot  , Giacomo Frati  , Bénédicte Boutonnat-Faucher  , Sandrine Laurance  , Olivier Renaud  , Laure Joseph  , Annarita Miccio  , Valentine Brousse  , Mohandas Narla  , Wassim El Nemer
Published: August 2020

While ineffective erythropoiesis has long been recognized as a key contributor to anemia in thalassemia, its role in anemia of sickle cell disease (SCD) has not been critically explored. Using in vitro and in vivo derived human erythroblasts we assessed the extent of ineffective erythropoiesis in SCD. Modeling the bone marrow hypoxic environment, we found that hypoxia induces death of sickle erythroblasts starting at the polychromatic stage, positively selecting cells with high levels of fetal hemoglobin (HbF). Cell death was associated with cytoplasmic sequestration of heat shock protein 70 and was rescued by induction of HbF synthesis. Importantly, we document that in the bone marrow of SCD patients similar cell loss occurs during the final stages of terminal differentiation. Our study provides evidence for ineffective erythropoiesis in SCD and highlights an anti-apoptotic role for HbF during the terminal stages of erythroid differentiation. These findings imply that the beneficial effect on anemia of increased HbF levels is not only due to the increased life span of red cells but also a consequence of decreased ineffective erythropoiesis.
The Implementation of Daily Journal Writing in Teaching Recount Text for the Second Grade Students in MTs Khoirotul Islamiyah Pematangsiantar
Authors: KD Matondang Marhaeni
Published: August 2020

This research is focused on the advantage of  using daily journal writing in teaching recount texts for the second grade students at MTs Khoirotul  Islamiyah Pematangsiantar. The problem of this research are: 1) How is the implementation of daily journal writing in teaching recount text for the second grade students at MTs Khoirotul Islamiyah Pematangsiantar? ; 2) What are the advantages of daily journal writing in teaching recount text for the second grade students at MTs Khoirotul Islamiyah Pematangsiantar?. The objective of this study are: 1) To describe the implementation of daily journal writing to teach  recount text for second grade at MTs Khoirotul Islamiyah Pematangsiantar; 2) To know what are the advantages of daily journal writing in teaching recount text of second grade at MTs Khoirotul Islamiyah Pematangsiantar. From the data analysis it can be concluded that : 1) Daily journal writing makes the  students motivated and interested in making recount text; 2) Using daily journal writing in teaching recount text have many advantages for the teacher and students in  learning activities, it is known  from the result of  obsevation in the classroom, questionnaire, and interview to the English teacher.
Ombilin Coal Mine Site: History and Potential as a Learning Source for the History of the Economy Based on Outdoor Learning
Authors: Rosmiati Rosmati , Wahyuni Anny , Syarifuddin Amir
Published: August 2020

This study aims to determine the history of the Ombilin Sawahlunto coal mine, the use of this site as a historical learning resource based on outdor learning and the obstacles it faces in its utilization. The method used in this research is qualitative with a descriptive approach. The sources used were interviews, literature and newspapers. After collecting the sources and separating the primary and secondary sources, rewrite them. The research results found that government projects in the city of sawahlunto consist of three projects including first, exploitation of coal mines, second, construction of railways, third, construction of the port of Emmahaven (Teluk Bayur). Traces of Dutch heritage that still exist today are the railway museum, Goedang Ranseum, Mbah Soero Mine Hole, and the Coal Mining Museum. This legacy can be used as a source of historical learning based on outdor learning.
A Proposed Model for Post-Pandemic Higher Education
Authors: Keshavarz Mohammad Hossein
Published: August 2020

Education is one of the main sectors that has been drastically affected by COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. In this paper, after providing a brief background about the global impact of Coronavirus pandemic on different spheres of life, the effect of COVID-19 on education, in general, and higher education, in particular, will be discussed. Then, different types of online educational models will be reviewed. Next, the advantages and disadvantages of face-to-face classroom instruction versus online education will be elaborated on. Finally, a model for post-pandemic higher education will be proposed and delineated.
Antagonistic Potentials of Selected Soil Fungi Against Three Pathogenic Fungi of Tagetes Erecta L. and T. Patula L
Authors: Aktar Mahfuza , Shamsi Shamim
Published: August 2020

Three antagonistic fungi were isolated from the field soil of blight infected Tagetes spp. by serial dilution method. The fungi were identified as Aspergillus flavus Link, A. niger van Tiegh. and Trichoderma viride Pers. Antagonistic potentiality of aforesaid fungi were evaluated against the pathogenic fungi of Tageteserecta L. and T. patula L. following "dual culture colony interaction" and volatile and nonvolatile metabolites. The pathogenic fungi were A. alternata, Aspergillus fumigatus and Curvularia lunata. In dual culture colony interaction, out of three soil fungi, T. viride showed the highest growth inhibition on A. alternata (71.03%), A. fumigatus (38.49%) and C. lunata (60.71%). The maximum inhibition of radial growth of A. alternata (74.55%) was observed with the culture filtrates of T. viride owing to volatile metabolites. The maximum inhibition of radial growth of A. fumigatus (37.43%) was observed with the culture filtrates of A. flavus owing to volatile metabolites. The complete inhibition of radial growth of C. lunata was observed with the culture filtrates of A. niger owing to volatile metabolites. The complete inhibition of radial growth of A. alternata was observed with nonvolatile metabolites of A. nigera and T. viride at all concentrations. The complete inhibition of radial growth of A. fumigatus was also observed with nonvolatile metabolites of A. niger at all concentrations. Aspergillus niger and T. viride may be exploited commercially as a biocontrol agent against blight pathogens of T. erecta and T. patula.

Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(2): 147-153, 2020 (July)
Soil Fertility and Leaf Nutrient Status of Mango Orchard Sites
Authors: Salehin Sk Musfiq Us , Mohsin Gazi Md , Ferdous Tabassum , Zaman Jobaed Ragib , Uddin Md Jashim , Rahman Md Khalilur
Published: August 2020

Twenty soil and leaf samples from 20 orchards of mango (Mangifera indica L.) were collected from different locations of Rajshahi and Satkhira regions to evaluate soil texture, pH, organic matter, available and total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur of soils and the concentration of N and K in mango leaves. The pH of the soil varied from 6.3 - 7.9 and organic matter content varied from 0.72 - 3.60 per cent. The available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur of the soils ranged from 190 - 510, 39 - 196, 36 - 206 and 25 - 235 mg/kg, respectively. The values of total N, P, K and S were 0.03 - 0.12, 0.022 - 0.210, 0.235 - 0.0.936 and 0.005 - 0.266 per cent, respectively. The dominant soil textural class was silty clay loam. The mean concentration of nitrogen (0.88%) and potassium (0.61%) in the leaf sample was low. The overall fertility status of the soils of Rajshahi and Satkhira regions in relation to mango cultivation is moderate.

Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(2): 155-163, 2020 (July)
MIND MAPPING: A WAY TO HONE EFL NINTH GRADERS’ WRITING SKILL AT AN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL
Authors: Erniyati Yelni
Published: August 2020

The purposes of this research were to reveal: (a) the teaching process by using mind-mapping technique, (b) the students’ writing ability. This was classroom action research which took place at Islamic Boarding School Al-Munawwaroh Bangko. The participants were ninth grade students that consisted of 23 female students in the class. This research was conducted in three cycles, and each cycle consisted of three meetings. In collecting the data, the researcher employed observation, field note, and tests. For the test, the researcher utilized writing test in the third meeting of every cycle; students were asked to write or compose the paragraph based on the given topic related to their mind map. The result showed that the teaching and learning process by using mind mapping was more interesting, and students were participated more active than before. They are enthusiastic in recalling and brainstorming the words related to the topic given. The data also indicated that there are enhancements of students’ writing after they were taught using mind-mapping technique which could be seen from the improvements of students’ score from the preliminary data to the final data. Consequently, mind mapping technique is highly recommended in teaching and in improving students’ writing.
Influence of Cilostazol on Changes in Cyclin D1 Expression in Cerebral Cortex of Rats with Chronic Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Wei A-X , Shao M-Y , Liu Y , Sun Y , Wang L-M , Ma X-Y , Mang J , Xu Z-X
Published: August 2020

The influence of cilostazol on learning and memory, and cyclin D1 expression in the cerebral cortex of rats with chronic cerebral ischemia were investigated. A chronic cerebral ischemia model was established using the permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion method (2VO), learning and memory capacity was detected using the Morris water maze, and expression changes in apoptosis regulating gene cyclin D1 were tested by RT-PCR. Results of the Morris water maze indicated that significant extensions were found in the escape latent period and swimming path of rats in the ischemia group (2VO group), learning and memory results in the cilostazol group was obviously superior compared to the 2VO group (P<0.05), and the expression of cyclin D1 was observed to increase in both the ischemia and cilostazol intervention groups at the 9th week of ischemia. A significant difference was observed, compared with the sham operation group (P<0.05), the expression level decreased in the ischemia group compared with the cilostazol group, and a significant difference was identified compared with the ischemia group (P<0.05). Cilostazol can reduce nerve function impairment and improve learning and memory functions by affecting changes in apoptosis regulating genes.
Follicle stimulating hormone inhibits the expression of p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis induced by reactive oxygen species through PI3K/Akt in mouse granulosa cells
Authors: Shi XY , Guan ZQ , Yu JN , Liu HL
Published: August 2020

In mammalian ovaries, follicular atresia occurs periodically and destroys almost all the follicles in the ovary. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) acts as the primary survival factor during follicular atresia by preventing apoptosis in granulosa cells (GCs). Many studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress-induced apoptosis is a main cause of follicular atresia. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced GCs apoptosis is regulated by a variety of signaling pathways involving numerous genes and transcription factors. Therefore, we examined whether FSH inhibits the expression of p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) through phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) / protein kinase B (AKT) in mouse GCs. In vivo study: thirty-two-mice were randomly assigned to four groups and given FSH. We found that FSH can inhibit the 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induced apoptosis and PUMA expression in mRNA level. Moreover, In vitro experiment, we found that FSH can inhibit the H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis and PUMA expression in mRNA level. Additionally, we also found that PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 abolished the downregulation of PUMA mRNA by FSH in vitro, In conclusion, FSH inhibit the expression of PUMA induced by ROS through PI3K/AKT pathway in vivo and vitro.
Influence of Histidine Administration on Ammonia and Amino Acid Metabolism: A Review
Authors: Holeček M
Published: August 2020

Histidine (HIS) is an essential amino acid investigated for therapy of various diseases, used for tissue protection in transplantation and cardiac surgery, and as a supplement to increase muscle performance. The data presented in the review show that HIS administration may increase ammonia and affect the level of several amino acids. The most common are increased levels of alanine, glutamine, and glutamate and decreased levels of glycine and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA, valine, leucine, and isoleucine). The suggested pathogenic mechanisms include increased flux of HIS through HIS degradation pathway (increases in ammonia and glutamate), increased ammonia detoxification to glutamine and exchange of the BCAA with glutamine via L-transporter system in muscles (increase in glutamine and decrease in BCAA), and tetrahydrofolate depletion (decrease in glycine). Increased alanine concentration is explained by enhanced synthesis in extrahepatic tissues and impaired transamination in the liver. Increased ammonia and glutamine and decreased BCAA levels in HIS-treated subjects indicate that HIS supplementation is inappropriate in patients with liver injury. The studies investigating the possibilities to elevate carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) content in muscles show positive effects of β-alanine and inconsistent effects of HIS supplementation. Several studies demonstrate HIS depletion due to enhanced availability of methionine, glutamine, or β-alanine.
THE COMMUNICATION PATTERN IN THE COOPERATION RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANTV TELEVISION STATION AND KOMANDO PRODUCTION HOUSE AT PESBUKERS PROGRAM
Authors: . Muslim
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this research is to know the communication pattern in the cooperation relationship between ANTV television station and KOmando production house at Pesbukers program and to know the production process done by cooperation between ANTV television station with KOmando production house (pra-production, production, until post-production) on the Pesbukers program, as well as to find out what problems will occur in the cooperation relationship between ANTV television station and KOmando production house on Pesbukers program. This research uses a qualitative research approach, because this research requires field observation and also researchers conducted interviews with the sources related to this research to obtain valid data. This research uses relationship theory, known by the name Palo Alto Group according to Stephen W. Littejohn [4]. ANTV joined with KOmando production so that cooperate and form a relationship as "Group" or group in Pesbukers program, that is a number of people exist between relations each other and the interconnection is a structure. Sources of data used in this study consist of primary and secondary. Primary data include conducting in-depth interviews on Key Informants, such as Producer in ANTV at Pesbukers and Informant program, such as Producer at KOmando Production, and Screenwriter at KOmando Production on Pesbukers program. While secondary data include documents related to the program event as well as various libraries or expert opinions sourced from books or from links. In the triangulation stage of the data held interviews with observers, he has the experience of being a Dubber, Screenwriter, and Director in a Production House.
Humility and Empathy in Emancipatory Politics
Authors: Yaure Philip
Published: August 2020

What does it look like for members of differently situated social groups to cultivate understanding in ways that are productive in the context of emancipatory social movements? Through a reading of the use of empathy and humility in antebellum antislavery narratives, I criticize a model of such understanding grounded in empathy and defend a model grounded in humility. On the empathy model, increasing understanding consists in learning more about the experience of members of other social groups. I argue that when privileged political actors focus on cultivating empathy with subordinated political actors, they tend to act in ways that efface the latter’s own political judgment and agency. On the humility model, increasing understanding consists in acknowledging the limits and particularities of one’s social position. Cultivating humility is still a matter of increasing understanding, however: humble political actors are better able to acknowledge other persons as autonomous and equal political agents.
Democratic Hypocrisy: Polarized citizens support democracy-eroding behavior when their own party is in power
Authors: McCoy Jennifer , Simonovits Gabor , Littvay Levente
Published: August 2020

Citizen support for democracy-eroding political leaders is receiving much overdue attention, but existing studies have a difficulty disentangling contextual effects (such as who is in power at the time of the survey) from individual differences (like which party one supports and how much). We propose a novel survey experimental design to strip away the political context through hypothetical scenarios. This allows us to gauge the public’s democratic hypocrisy: how much a citizen’s approval of eroding democratic norms and institutions depends on how much one likes the party in power. Findings suggest that while Republicans are more approving of policies that erode democratic norms and institutions no matter which party is in power at a given time, both Democrats and Republicans engage in democratic hypocrisy, supporting a change in democratic practices when it will enhance their party’s advantage. The magnitude of that effect is stronger for individuals with stronger partisan attachment.
AMPKα2 Overexpression Reduces Cardiomyocyte Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Normalization of Mitochondrial Dynamics
Authors: Deng Yuanyan , Chen Sainan , Zhang Mingming , Li Chen , He Jing , Tan Ying
Published: August 2020

Cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Recent studies have reported that mitochondrial function is determined by mitochondrial dynamics. Here, we hypothesized that AMPKα2 functions as an upstream mediator that sustains mitochondrial dynamics in cardiac I/R injury and cardiomyocyte hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) in vitro. To test this, we analyzed cardiomyocyte viability and survival along with mitochondrial dynamics and function using western blots, qPCR, immunofluorescence, and ELISA. Our results indicated that both AMPKα2 transcription and translation were reduced by H/R injury in cardiomyocytes. Decreased AMPKα2 levels were associated with cardiomyocyte dysfunction and apoptosis. Adenovirus-mediated AMPKα2 overexpression dramatically inhibited H/R-mediated cardiomyocyte damage, possibly by increasing mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibiting cardiomyocyte oxidative stress, attenuating intracellular calcium overload, and inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis. At the molecular level, AMPKα2 overexpression alleviated abnormal mitochondrial division and improved mitochondrial fusion through activation of the Sirt3/PGC1α pathway. This suggests AMPKα2 contributes to maintaining normal mitochondrial dynamics. Indeed, induction of mitochondrial dynamics disorder abolished the cardioprotective effects afforded by AMPKα2 overexpression. Thus, cardiac I/R-related mitochondrial dynamics disorder can be reversed by AMPKα2 overexpression in a manner dependent on the activation of Sirt3/PGC1α signaling.
Sociocultural Mechanisms Concerning Cropping Systems in Mountain Agriculture: A Case Study of the Eastern Slopes of Tanzania’s Uluguru Mountains
Authors: Yamane Yuko , Ito Kasumi
Published: August 2020

In agricultural science, the establishment of a given cropping system in mountainous areas is often understood from the relationship between differences of altitude-specific, agroecological conditions and crop cultivation characteristics. However, social factors can also play a role. We aimed to clarify how the cropping system is maintained through examining sociocultural factors, specifically land tenure and marriage systems, in an agricultural community in rural mountainous Africa. Several surveys based on participatory observation accompanied by home stays were conducted to determine people who participated in cropping systems and to understand which social system maintained the cropping system. We found that around 70% of target households in Kiboguwa village cultivated three staple crops (maize, cassava and rice) using the same cropping system and almost no farmers outside the village used the village’s sloped fields, meaning that the villagers maintained the cropping system. Households acquired nearby sloped fields by various means such as inheriting land through maternal lineage of household heads or wives. We observed virilocal and uxorilocal residence at similar degrees—and if either the husband or wife was from outside the village, that household would also have fields outside the village. However, nearly 80% of marriages were intravillage and villagers predominantly used fields located within the village limits regardless of the residence type, which helped maintain the cropping system.
Impact of a Novel Water-Saving Subsurface Irrigation System on Water Productivity, Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Date Palm under Arid Conditions
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed Maged Elsayed , Refdan Alhajhoj Mohammed , Ali-Dinar Hassan Muzzamil , Munir Muhammad
Published: August 2020

Water scarcity is a major constraint in arid and semi-arid regions. Crops that require less irrigation water and those, which are considered drought-tolerant such as date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), are dominant in these regions. Despite the tolerance of these crops, the development of technologies that ensure efficient use of irrigation water is imperative. Taking these issues into consideration, the study was conducted to investigate the impact of limited irrigation water using a new subsurface irrigation system (SSI) on gas exchange, chlorophyll content, water use efficiency, water productivity, fruit physicochemical characteristics, and yield of date palm (cv. Sheshi). The impact of the SSI system was compared with two surface irrigation systems, namely, surface drip irrigation (SDI) and surface bubbler irrigation (SBI). The field experiment was carried out during 2018 and 2019 at the Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The annual crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was 2544 mm. The applied irrigation water was set at 50%, 75%, and 125% of ETc for SSI, SDI, and SBI, respectively, which were based on the higher crop water productivity recorded in an initial field study. The total annual volume of water applied for SSI, SDI, and SBI was 22.89, 34.34, and 57.24 m3 palm−1, respectively. The crop water productivity (CWP) at the SSI system was significantly higher, with a value of 1.15 kg m−3, compared to the SDI (0.51 kg m−3) and SBI systems (0.37 kg m−3). The photosynthetic water use efficiency (WUE) was 10.09, 9.96, and 9.56 μmol CO2 mmol−1 H2O for SSI, SBI, and SDI, respectively. The maximum chlorophyll content (62.4 SPAD) was observed in SBI, followed by SSI (58.9 SPAD) and SDI (56.9 SPAD). Similarly, net photosynthesis and the transpiration rate were significantly higher in SBI and lowest in SSI. However, the SSI system substantially increased palm yield and enhanced fruit quality. The new SSI system, through its positive impact on the efficiency of irrigation water use and enhancement on fruit yield and fruit quality of date palm, seems quite suitable for the irrigation of palm trees in arid and semi-arid regions.
Target-Site Resistance to Glyphosate in Chloris Virgata Biotypes and Alternative Herbicide Options for its Control
Authors: Desai Het Samir , Thompson Michael , Chauhan Bhagirath Singh
Published: August 2020

Due to the overdependence on glyphosate to manage weeds in fallow conditions, glyphosate resistance has developed in various biotypes of several grass weeds, including Chloris virgata Sw. The first case of glyphosate resistance in C. virgata was found in 2015 in Australia, and since then several cases have been confirmed in several biotypes across Australia. Pot studies were conducted with 10 biotypes of C. virgata to determine glyphosate resistance levels. The biotypes were identified as either susceptible, moderately resistant or highly resistant based on the glyphosate dose required to kill 50% of plants. Two glyphosate-susceptible (GS) and two glyphosate-resistant (GR) biotypes were identified by the dose-response study and analyzed for the presence of target-site mutation in the 5–enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene. Performance of alternative herbicides to glyphosate as well as the double-knock herbicide approach was evaluated on the two GS (Ch and SGM2) and two GR (SGW2 and CP2) biotypes. Three herbicides, clethodim, haloxyfop and paraquat, were found to be effective (100% control) against all four biotypes when applied at the 4–5 leaf stage. All the sequential herbicide treatments, such as glyphosate followed by paraquat and glufosinate-ammonium followed by paraquat, provided 100% control of all four biotypes of C. virgata. This study identified effective herbicide options for the control of GR C. virgata and showed that target-site mutations were involved in the resistance of two biotypes to glyphosate (SGW2 and CP2). Results could aid farmers in selecting herbicides to manage C. virgata in their fields.
Changes in Spatiotemporal Distribution of the Potato Tuber Moth (Phthorimaea operculella) in South Korea in Response to Climate Change Determined Using a Field Survey
Authors: Byeon Dae-hyeon , Jung Sunghoon , Lee Sang-Guei , Jeon Sung-Wook , Kwon Min , Kim Juil , Kim Kwang-Ho , Lee Wang-Hee
Published: August 2020

Potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella), one of the leading potato-damaging pests in the world, has caused severe damage to potato production in South Korea after its introduction in the 1960s. This study surveyed the field occurrence of potato tuber moth in various sites in South Korea and used the results to validate the CLIMEX model, which spatiotemporally evaluated the potential distribution of potato tuber moths in response to climate change. The potato tuber moths were predicted to appear throughout the country, consistent with the results obtained for potato tuber moths in 96% of the field survey area. In addition, the climatic suitability of potato tuber moths will remain high due to climate change, suggesting a high risk for damage to seasonal potato production from seeding to harvesting. This spatiotemporal assessment of potato tuber moth distribution is expected to aid in establishing control strategies optimized based on time and place.
Factors Influencing Preferences and Adoption of Improved Groundnut Varieties among Farmers in Tanzania
Authors: Mwalongo Serapius , Akpo Essegbemon , Lukurugu Gerald Alex , Muricho Geoffrey , Vernooy Ronnie , Minja Athanas , Ojiewo Christopher , Njuguna Esther , Otieno Gloria , Varshney Rajeev
Published: August 2020

Access and use of seed of improved varieties of groundnut among farmers can improve farmers’ livelihoods and contribute to the potential of crop production in Tanzania. This paper analyzes factors underpinning the adoption of improved groundnut varieties among farmers to pave the way for upscaling quality seed used for increased production and commodity business in farming communities. A four-stage stratified sampling was used to collect data from 300 groundnut farmers in seven agro-ecological zones through individual interviews. Secondary data were collected from the literature and the Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute at Naliendele centre (TARI–Naliendele). Descriptive statistics and Probit regression model were used for data analysis. The empirical results showed that Johari 1985, Pendo 1998, Naliendele 2009, Mnanje 2009, Mangaka 2009 and Nachi 2015, are the main six improved groundnut varieties used by farmers, with Pendo 1998 having the highest adoption rate (17.1%). In the grain market, four varieties, namely Pendo 1998, Mnanje 2009, Nachi 2015 and Johari 1985, were observed to be highly preferred by grain off-takers. Furthermore, among the adopted improved varieties, Nachi 2015, is observed to be the most consistent high yielding variety, ranging from 1100 kg/ha to 1500 kg/ha in all agro-ecological zones. A farmer’s decision to adopt new varieties is affected by age and gender, farmer group membership, availability of improved seed and seed cost. Overall, male farmers are more likely to adopt improved varieties of groundnut than female farmers. The implications of these findings are also discussed, in particular in the area of policy support.
Naturalness and the Legitimacy of Thoroughbred Racing: A Photo-Elicitation Study with Industry and Animal Advocacy Informants
Authors: Bergmann Iris M.
Published: August 2020

The idea of what is natural has particular relevance in the thoroughbred racing and breeding discourse. It guides breeding regulations; influences how the thoroughbreds’ behaviour is perceived and has implications for husbandry, handling, training and racing practices. This study investigates how key industry and animal advocacy informants based in the US, Australia and the UK conceptualise naturalness within the context of common racing practices that potentially impact the horses’ welfare. The informants were interviewed using semi-structured interviewing and photo-elicitation. Four common images of thoroughbreds on race day were presented to elicit the informants’ responses. Differences emerged between how the two groups tended to describe the images and the role naturalness played in their conceptualisations. The findings were analysed using an updated version of the Layers of Engagement with Animal Protection developed by Bergmann to situate the informants’ conceptualisations of naturalness within the wider thoroughbred protection discourse. In conclusion, the industry informants tended to defend the status quo of common racing practices. They tended to naturalise and normalise these practices and downplay their welfare impact. This poses risks for thoroughbred welfare, which are amplified by misrepresentations of what is natural. With the public’s understanding of welfare and racing practices growing, racing’s legitimacy may be further questioned. Opportunities to leverage the potential of the notion of naturalness for thoroughbred protection are discussed.
Effect of Sex and Breed on HSPA1A, Blood Stress Indicators and Meat Quality of Lambs
Authors: Stempa Thuthuzelwa , Bradley Graeme
Published: August 2020

The objective of this study was to examine sex and breed effects on heat shock protein 70 (HSPA1A), blood stress indicators and meat quality attributes of lambs. A hundred male and female lambs from the Dorper (n = 50) and Merino (n = 50) breeds were used in this study. Breed and sex had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on the levels of plasma HSPA1A and lactate; where the Merino lambs had higher levels than Dorper. The female lambs had higher levels of plasma HSPA1A than male lambs. Significant sex and breed interactions (p < 0.05) on the levels of plasma HSPA1A were seen. Females had higher (p < 0.05) pHu than males. Dorper lambs had higher (p < 0.05) pH45, meat lightness, thawing loss and tougher meat the Merino breed. Significant correlations were found amongst plasma stress indicators and meat quality attributes. The results indicate that female lambs were more stressed by the pre-slaughter period than males, while the Merino had a higher physiological stress response compared to the Dorper. However, the Dorper breed produced tougher meat.
Temperament in Domestic Cats: A Review of Proximate Mechanisms, Methods of Assessment, Its Effects on Human—Cat Relationships, and One Welfare
Authors: Travnik Isadora de Castro , Machado Daiana de Souza , Gonçalves Luana da Silva , Ceballos Maria Camila , Sant’Anna Aline Cristina
Published: August 2020

Temperament can be defined as interindividual differences in behavior that are stable over time and in different contexts. The terms ‘personality’, ‘coping styles’, and ‘behavioral syndromes’ have also been used to describe these interindividual differences. In this review, the main aspects of cat temperament research are summarized and discussed, based on 43 original research papers published between 1986 and 2020. We aimed to present current advances in cat temperament research and identify potential gaps in knowledge, as well as opportunities for future research. Proximate mechanisms, such as genetic bases of temperament, ontogenesis and developmental factors, physiological mechanisms, and relationships with morphology, were reviewed. Methods traditionally used to assess the temperament of cats might be classified based on the duration of procedures (short- vs. long-term measures) and the nature of data recordings (coding vs. rating methods). The structure of cat temperament is frequently described using a set of behavioral dimensions, primarily based on interindividual variations in cats’ responses toward humans and conspecifics (e.g., friendliness, sociability, boldness, and aggressiveness). Finally, cats’ temperaments have implications for human–animal interactions and the one welfare concept. Temperament assessment can also contribute to practical aspects, for example, the adoption of shelter cats.
Identifying Active Salmonella Infections in Swine Nurseries Using Serology and Bacterial Culture and Evaluating Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Nair Saranya , Farzan Abdolvahab , Poljak Zvonimir , Friendship Robert
Published: August 2020

The objectives of this study were: to identify nursery cohorts with an active Salmonella infection using combined serological and bacteriological methods, and to try to identify risk factors associated with swine nurseries with active Salmonella spread. Twenty pigs from each of 50 cohorts of weaned pigs from 44 different nursery barns were sampled about the time of weaning and near the end of the nursery stage. Information regarding farm management and biosecurity practices were collected using a questionnaire. Blood samples were obtained at both visits, while rectal swabs were collected at the second visit. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to test sera for Salmonella antibodies and rectal samples were cultured for Salmonella. A nursery cohort was identified as having an active Salmonella infection if Salmonella was cultured from one or more of the 20 pigs or if serological evidence suggested exposure to Salmonella. The association between farm-level management covariates and active Salmonella infection was assessed in 46 cohorts using a logistic regression model. Nine of 46 (20%) cohorts produced Salmonella-free pigs. The remaining 37 (80%) cohorts were classified as having an active infection. Examination of risk factors failed to identify how negative and positive nurseries differed.
Mycobacterium vaccae Adaptation to Disinfectants and Hand Sanitisers, and Evaluation of Cross-Tolerance with Antimicrobials
Authors: de Carvalho Carla C. C. R. , Teixeira Raquel , Fernandes Pedro
Published: August 2020

Mycobacterium vaccae is being considered as an adjuvant to antituberculosis therapy, tested for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, and as an anti-depressive agent. This bacterium is ubiquitous in the environment and the widespread use of disinfectants and sanitisers may lead to its adaptation to these compounds. In the present study, M. vaccae cells adapted to these compounds mainly by making adjustments in their lipid composition and net surface charge. The modifications in the lipid composition led to changes in membrane permeability which resulted in increased tolerance towards levofloxacin, thioridazine, and omeprazole.
Voltammetric Behavior, Flavanol and Anthocyanin Contents, and Antioxidant Capacity of Grape Skins and Seeds during Ripening (Vitis vinifera var. Merlot, Tannat, and Syrah)
Authors: Benbouguerra Nawel , Richard Tristan , Saucier Cédric , Garcia François
Published: August 2020

Skin and seed grape extracts of three red varieties (Merlot, Tannat, and Syrah) at different stages of ripening were studied for their total phenolic content (TPC) by using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and for their total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by using spectrophotometric and electrochemical assays. Flavanol and anthocyanin compositions were also investigated using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Results showed that seeds had the highest phenolic content and the highest antioxidant potential compared to skins at all stages of ripening. The highest TPC and TAC values were measured in seeds at close to veraison and veraison ripening stages. In skins, the highest values were found at the green stage, it was in accordance with the flavanols content. The voltammetric measurements were carried out using disposable single walled carbon nanotubes modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SWCNT-SPCE). Three peaks on voltammograms were obtained at different oxidation potentials. The first anodic peak that oxidized at a low potential describes the oxidation of ortho-dihydroxy phenols and gallate groups, the second peak corresponds to the malvidin anthocyanins oxidation and the second oxidation of flavonoids. The third voltammetric peak could be due to phenolic acids such as p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid or the second oxidation of malvidin anthocyanins. The high linear correlation was observed between antioxidant tests and flavanols in skins (0.86 ≤ r ≤ 0.94), while in seeds, ‘r’ was higher between electrochemical parameters and flavanols (0.64 ≤ r ≤ 0.8).