bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Colonization of Potato Rhizosphere by GFP-Tagged Bacillus subtilis MB73/2, Pseudomonas sp. P482 and Ochrobactrum sp. A44 Shown on Large Sections of Roots Using Enrichment Sample Preparation and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy
Authors: Krzyzanowska Dorota , Obuchowski Michal , Bikowski Mariusz , Rychlowski Michal , Jafra Sylwia
Published: December 2012

The ability to colonize the host plants’ rhizospheres is a crucial feature to study in the case of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPRs) with potential agricultural applications. In this work, we have created GFP-tagged derivatives of three candidate PGPRs: Bacillus subtilis MB73/2, Pseudomonas sp. P482 and Ochrobactrum sp. A44. The presence of these strains in the rhizosphere of soil-grown potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was detected with a classical fluorescence microscope and a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). In this work, we have used a broad-field-of-view CLMS device, dedicated to in vivo analysis of macroscopic objects, equipped with an automated optical zoom system and tunable excitation and detection spectra. We show that features of this type of CLSM microscopes make them particularly well suited to study root colonization by microorganisms. To facilitate the detection of small and scattered bacterial populations, we have developed a fast and user-friendly enrichment method for root sample preparation. The described method, thanks to the in situ formation of mini-colonies, enables visualization of bacterial colonization sites on large root fragments. This approach can be easily modified to study colonization patterns of other fluorescently tagged strains. Additionally, dilution plating of the root extracts was performed to estimate the cell number of MB73/2, P482 and A44 in the rhizosphere of the inoculated plants.
The Genes of Tulou: A Study on the Preservation and Sustainable Development of Tulou
Authors: Wang Shao-Sen , Li Su-Yu , Liao Shi-Jie
Published: December 2012

This paper analyzes the formation of Tulou villages and the characteristics of Tulou buildings. The genes of the Tulou are examined within the unique physical forms and the significant social culture background. The paper is concerned with how to apply the valuable genes in the preservation and sustainable development of Tulou with a special case analysis.
First Report of Cowpea Mild Mottle Carlavirus on Yardlong Bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis) in Venezuela
Authors: Brito Miriam , Fernández-Rodríguez Thaly , Garrido Mario , Mejías Alexander , Romano Mirtha , Marys Edgloris
Published: December 2012

Yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis) plants with virus-like systemic mottling and leaf distortion were observed in both experimental and commercial fields in Aragua State, Venezuela. Symptomatic leaves were shown to contain carlavirus-like particles. RT-PCR analysis with carlavirus-specific primers was positive in all tested samples. Nucleotide sequences of the obtained amplicons showed 84%–74% similarity to corresponding sequences of Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) isolates deposited in the GenBank database. This is the first report of CPMMV in Venezuela and is thought to be the first report of CPMMV infecting yardlong bean.
Outcome after arthroscopic treatment of lateral femoral trochlear ridge osteochondrosis in sport horses
Authors: UpRichard K. , Piat P. , Beauchamp G. , Laverty S. , Elce Y. A.
Published: December 2012

Objectives: To determine the short- and long-term outcome for sport horses after arthroscopic treatment of osteochondrosis of the lateral trochlear ridge of the femur.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed using the medical records of horses intended for use as English sport horses. Outcome was obtained through telephone questionnaire.

Results: Thirty-seven horses, mainly Warmbloods, underwent arthroscopic surgery for treatment of lateral femoral trochlear ridge osteochondrosis. Short-term outcome revealed that 27 of 37 horses had no complications. Seven horses had postoperative lameness and effusion which eventually resolved in four horses. Long-term outcome was available for 29 horses, of which 19 were performing to full expectations. Five horses were athletic but at a lower level than expected, and five horses were unable to be used. The depth of the lesion was significantly associated with short-term complications of effusion and lameness. The depth and length of the lesion were not associated with the long-term outcome, but involvement of structures other than the lateral trochlear ridge (patella, medial trochlear ridge) was associated with a worse prognosis.

Clinical significance: The prognosis for sport horses following stifle arthroscopy for lateral trochlear ridge is similar to that reported in other studies and lesions at other sites within the stifle joint.
Foreign body reaction to a retained surgical sponge (gossypiboma) mimicking an implant associated sarcoma in a dog after a tibial plateau levelling osteotomy
Authors: Cavanaugh R. P. , Fick J. L. , McAbee K. P. , Powers B. , Corbin E. E.
Published: December 2012

A dog was presented with the complaint of an acute onset left pelvic limb lameness three years after a right tibial plateau levelling osteotomy had been performed. Radiographs taken at the time of presentation showed signs that were consistent with a diagnosis of an implant associated sarcoma. At revision surgery, a retained surgical sponge was identified, leading to a diagnosis of a gossypiboma. This is the first reported case of a gossypiboma as a complication of a tibial plateau levelling osteotomy surgery.
Airway injury associated with cervical bite wounds in dogs and cats: 56 cases
Authors: Halfacree Z. J. , Tivers M. S. , Jordan C. J.
Published: December 2012

Objective: To investigate the frequency of airway injury and damage to other vital structures associated with cervical bite wounds in dogs and cats and the implications for management and outcome.

Methods: A retrospective search of electronic patient records was used to identify dogs and cats suffering cervical bite wounds that were presented to a large multidisciplinary veterinary hospital over a four year period.

Results: Complete records were available for 55 animals, with one animal suffering two separate injuries. Fourteen animals (25%) had injuries to vital structures, including airway injury in nine (17%) which was surgically confirmed and treated in six (11%). Airway injuries were associated with either subcutaneous or mediastinal emphysema in all affected animals. Other structures injured included the jugular vein, pharynx, oesophagus and spine. Airway injuries were treated with primary repair in five animals and a fasciomuscular patch in one. Temporary tracheostomy was performed in three animals. Median duration of hospitalisation was one day (0-19) with 53 animals (54 cases) (96%) surviving to discharge. Long-term follow-up (16-114 months) revealed that 43 of 49 animals were alive with six that died due to unrelated reasons.

Clinical significance: Cervical bite wounds are associated with significant injury to vital structures. Up to 17% of animals may have injury to their airway. Identification and treatment of airway injury is vital and was associated with an excellent outcome in six animals.
A conversation spanning three millenia: A poetic re-invention of Homer’s Iliad by T.T. Cloete
Authors: Taljard Marlies
Published: December 2012

The aim of this article is to analise the poem ‘Achilles se skild’ (The shield of Achilles) by T.T. Cloete, from his volume of poetry onversadig (unquenched) (2011). The poem, as narrated by Cloete, will be compared with the original text as we find it in the Iliad of Homer. In the first section of the article the symbolic meaning of the shield which Hephaistos makes, will be explored. Subsequently it will be demonstrated how Cloete appropriates and adapts the material from the Iliad to forge a philosophy of life which is in correspondance with the rest of the volume of poetry onversadig and his poetic oeuvre.
Festschrift vir Heilna du Plooy/The Heilna du Plooy Festschrift
Authors: Viljoen Hein
Published: December 2012

No related abstract found
Granting learners an authentic voice in the mathematics classroom for the benefit of both the teacher and the learner
Authors: Khuzwayo Herbert B. , Bansilal Sarah
Published: December 2012

An important aspect of democratic education is the value it places on providing spaces for disagreement and argument as opportunities for learning. This is unlike an ‘occupation of the minds’ philosophy, which denies people the right to see alternatives. In this article we explore one aspect of this area of democratic education: the issue of providing opportunities for learners’ voices. We acknowledge the importance of this, even if the voices are dissenting; such dissent is important for teachers to learn more about the learners. We subsequently look at the kind of listening that a teacher can do in order to learn, and consider some cases from literature about teachers who struggle to listen and what happens when they learn to listen to their learners. Finally, we argue that a perspective aligned with preparing learners to contribute to a democratic society advises a rethink of the construct of mathematical knowledge for teaching. By learning how to listen in a respectful manner and as part of a negotiation and co-evolution of shared understanding, teachers can deepen and shift their understanding of mathematics, their understanding of learners and their understanding of their own learning.
Mosquito Species Composition and Plasmodium vivax infection Rates for Korean Army Bases near the Demilitarized Zone in the Republic of Korea, 2011
Authors: Yoo Dae-Hyun , Shin E-Hyun , Park Mi-Yeoun , Kim Heung Chul , Lee Dong-Kyu , Lee Hyun-Ho , Kim Hyun Kyung , Chang Kyu-Sik
Published: December 2012

Vivax malaria is a significant military and civilian health threat in northern Republic of Korea (ROK). Mosquito collections were performed at two ROK army installations, Paju near the demilitarized zone (DMZ) using black light traps in 2011. The DMZ, a 4 km wide border, is the northernmost point of the ROK and separates the ROK from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). Anopheles spp. were identified by polymerase chain reaction and screened for Plasmodium vivax sporozoites. Of 4,354 female Anopheles mosquitoes identified, Anopheles kleini (61.8%) was the most frequently collected, followed by Anopheles pullus (16.0%), Anopheles belenrae (9.0%), Anopheles sinensis (7.4%), Anopheles sineroides (4.2%), and Anopheles lesteri (1.6%). Anopheles kleini, An. pullus, and An. sineroides showed the highest population densities in June, whereas population densities were highest for An. belenrae, An. lesteri, and An. sinensis in August. The maximum likelihood estimation (estimated number of positive mosquitoes/1,000) for P. vivax was highest for An. lesteri (28.9), followed by An. sineroides (23.3), An. belenrae (15.8), An. sinensis (9.6), An. pullus (5.8) and An. kleini (4.2). The seasonal maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) values were variable among Anopheles species. Anopheles belenrae, An. Pullus, and An. sineroides showed the highest seasonal MLE's in July, whereas An. lesteri and An. sinensis exhibited the highest seasonal MLEs in September and An. kleini during August. This is the first report implicating An. sineroides as a vector of P. vivax in the ROK, and extends our knowledge of the distribution and potential role in malaria transmission.
Handheld Point-of-Care Cerebrospinal Fluid Lactate Testing Predicts Bacterial Meningitis in Uganda
Authors: Majwala Albert , Burke Rebecca , Patterson William , Pinkerton Relana , Muzoora Conrad , Wilson L. Anthony , Moore Christopher C.
Published: December 2012

We validated a handheld point-of-care lactate (POCL) monitor's ability to measure lactate in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and diagnose bacterial meningitis in Uganda. There was a strong linear correspondence between POCL and standard laboratory lactate test results (R2 = 0.86; P < 0.001). For 145 patients with clinical meningitis, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the prediction of bacterial meningitis by CSF POCL was 0.92 (95% confidence interval = 0.85–0.99, P < 0.001). A CSF POCL concentration of 7.7 mmol/L provided 88% sensitivity and 90% specificity for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. CSF POCL testing had excellent use in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis, and it may be useful where CSF analyses are delayed or laboratory infrastructure is limited.
O papel das bibliotecas universitárias na comunicação científica: um estudo sobre os repositórios institucionais
Authors: Marra Patrícia dos Santos Caldas
Published: December 2012

Trata-se de um trabalho de revisão de literatura, seguida de uma pesquisa realizada por meio de questionário estruturado com perguntas abertas e fechadas, com o objetivo deobter informações sobre o panorama de implantação de repositórios institucionais de acesso livre à informação científica pelas universidades do Brasil. A pesquisa foi dividida em três etapas: análise dos sites institucionais das 102 IES identificadas pelo sistema e-MECvisando localização do e-mail para contato das bibliotecas; aplicação de um questionário constituído de doze questões - nessa etapa foram obtidas 52 respostas, sendo que 19 instituições afirmaram possuir RI e 33 instituições afirmaram não possuir RI; na terceira etapa adotou-se como técnica de coleta de dados a observação direta dos sites institucionais das 50 IES que não responderam ao questionário eletrônico, nessa etapa foram identificados 15 repositórios institucionais. O estudo mostra que a disseminação da produção científica da instituição,apontada por todas as 19 instituições que afirmaram possuir RI, como o principal fator para a sua implantação. Entretanto, a principal dificuldade encontrada para a implantação dos RIs, destacada nesse trabalho, explicita a falta de recursos humanos capacitados nas IES públicas do país para trabalharem na construção e no gerenciamento de repositórios. Com o estudo percebe-se apenas 33,3% das IES pesquisadas possuem RI.
Mapeamento da produção científica brasileira sobre acesso aberto: 2001 A 2011
Authors: Silva Fábio Mascarenhas e , Sobral Natanael Vitor , Santana Guilherme Alves , Cruz Tatyane Lucia
Published: December 2012

A avaliação da produção científica permite um entendimento sobre a análise de temáticas, o mapeamento de comportamentos e tendências da comunidade de pesquisa, a identificação de oportunidades para o desenvolvimento de áreas, assim como a investigação de campos do conhecimento já consolidados ou estagnados. Neste ínterim, o presente trabalho objetiva sistematizar parte da produção científica brasileira sobre Acesso Aberto realizada entre 2001 e 2011 a partir dos dados disponíveis na Plataforma Lattes (PL) do CNPq. Para tanto, utilizaram-se softwares bibliométricos e cientométricos para a contagem e análise da produção. Dentre os principais resultados obtidos, destacam-se: identificação das tipologias documentais adotadas para a disseminação da produção de conhecimento; evolução cronológica da produção científica; e distribuição geográfica dos pesquisadores e índices de colaboração entre pesquisadores (redes sociais).
Acesso livre à informação científica em países em desenvolvimento: o caso dos repositórios “SABER” (Moçambique) e digital da UFMG (Brasil)
Authors: Waete Ranito Zambo , Moura Maria Aparecida , Mangue Manuel Valente
Published: December 2012

Os repositórios institucionais digitais de acesso livre têm proporcionado um forte debate na literatura especializada em publicações eletrônicas; mais focados nas questões sobre o movimento de acesso livre à informação científica. É tema, portanto, da preocupação de todos os atores da comunidade científica, nomeadamente docentes e pesquisadores, editores científicos, comunidades científicas, bibliotecas universitárias e provedores de acesso e de serviços. Descreve-se os repositórios institucionais de acesso livre à informação científica “Saber” (Moçambique) e Digital da UFMG (Brasil) que têm como principal objetivo preservar, organizar, divulgar e disseminar a produção científica das instituições de ensino superior e de pesquisa, utilizando o software livre DSpace.
Provimento de cargos em comissão nas secretarias de desenvolvimento regional do Estado de Santa Catarina
Authors: Carvalho Marcio Cassol , Dutra Ademar , Martins Cristina , Dalmau Marcos Baptista Lopez
Published: December 2012

O objetivo do presente artigo visa investigar e avaliar a influência do nível de escolaridade e da filiação político-partidária no provimento de cargos em comissão das atividades finalísticas das Secretarias de Desenvolvimento Regional do Estado de Santa Catarina. A pesquisa é de caráter descritivo, na forma de um estudo multicaso, com a abordagem quali-quantitativa, envolvendo dados primários e secundários. Os resultados do estudo apontam que: (i) 83% dos gerentes pesquisados possuem filiação partidária, demonstrando que esta variável tem influência na ocupação dos cargos comissionados; (ii) 29% dos gerentes não possuem escolaridade de nível superior; (iii) 40% dos gestores não possuem escolaridade compatível com a exigida para o exercício do cargo. Assim, conclui-se que a filiação políticopartidária é o principal requisito para o provimento de cargos em comissão, enquanto o nível de escolaridade é aplicado de forma secundária.
Semeando o antropofagismo na produção acadêmica institucionalista brasileira em administração a partir de abordagem interdisciplinar
Authors: Justen Carlos Eduardo , Neto Luís Moretto , Garrido Paulo Otolini , Rodrigues Leonel Cezar
Published: December 2012

Este estudo teórico tem o objetivo de demonstrar uma brasileiros em administração: a do holindividualismo, a partir de abordagem  interdisciplinar. Neste trabalho, demonstra-se que, além do predomínio anglosaxão nos estudos neoinstitucionalistas brasileiros no campo da Administração, é dado destaque à orientação sociológica em detrimento de outras perspectivas teóricas, como a do  neoinstitucionalismo histórico e econômico. A partir da discussão de dois elementos estruturantes do neoinstitucionalismo – instituição e legitimidade – revisita-se o momento da produção acadêmica institucionalista brasileira em administração para, como desfecho, advogar-se o antropofagismo: à importação intelectual devem ser conferidos significado, cor, valor e matiz locais.
Size distributions and temporal variations of biological aerosol particles in the Amazon rainforest characterized by microscopy and real-time UV-APS fluorescence techniques during AMAZE-08
Authors: Huffman J. A. , Sinha B. , Garland R. M. , Snee-Pollmann A. , Gunthe S. S. , Artaxo P. , Martin S. T. , Andreae M. O. , Pöschl U.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. As a part of the AMAZE-08 campaign during the wet season in the rainforest of central Amazonia, an ultraviolet aerodynamic particle sizer (UV-APS) was operated for continuous measurements of fluorescent biological aerosol particles (FBAP). In the coarse particle size range (> 1 μm) the campaign median and quartiles of FBAP number and mass concentration were 7.3 × 104 m−3 (4.0–13.2 × 104 m−3) and 0.72 μg m−3 (0.42–1.19 μg m−3), respectively, accounting for 24% (11–41%) of total particle number and 47% (25–65%) of total particle mass. During the five-week campaign in February–March 2008 the concentration of coarse-mode Saharan dust particles was highly variable. In contrast, FBAP concentrations remained fairly constant over the course of weeks and had a consistent daily pattern, peaking several hours before sunrise, suggesting observed FBAP was dominated by nocturnal spore emission. This conclusion was supported by the consistent FBAP number size distribution peaking at 2.3 μm, also attributed to fungal spores and mixed biological particles by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light microscopy and biochemical staining. A second primary biological aerosol particle (PBAP) mode between 0.5 and 1.0 μm was also observed by SEM, but exhibited little fluorescence and no true fungal staining. This mode may have consisted of single bacterial cells, brochosomes, various fragments of biological material, and small Chromalveolata (Chromista) spores. Particles liquid-coated with mixed organic-inorganic material constituted a large fraction of observations, and these coatings contained salts likely from primary biological origin. We provide key support for the suggestion that real-time laser-induce fluorescence (LIF) techniques using 355 nm excitation provide size-resolved concentrations of FBAP as a lower limit for the atmospheric abundance of biological particles in a pristine environment. We also show some limitations of using the instrument for ambient monitoring of weakly fluorescent particles < 2 μm. Our measurements confirm that primary biological particles, fungal spores in particular, are an important fraction of supermicron aerosol in the Amazon and that may contribute significantly to hydrological cycling, especially when coated by mixed inorganic material.
Direct measurement of the oceanic carbon monoxide flux by eddy correlation
Authors: Blomquist B. W. , Fairall C. W. , Huebert B. J. , Wilson S. T.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. This report presents results from a field trial of ship-based air–sea flux measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) by direct eddy correlation with an infrared-laser trace gas analyzer. The analyzer utilizes Off-Axis Integrated-Cavity-Output Spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) to achieve high selectivity for CO, rapid response (~2 Hz) and low noise. Over a two-day sea trial, peak daytime seawater CO concentrations were ~1.5 nM and wind speeds were consistently 10–12 m s−1. A clear diel cycle in CO flux with an early afternoon maximum was observed. An analysis of flux error suggests the effects of non-stationarity are important, and air–sea CO flux measurements are best performed in regions remote from continental pollution sources.
Feasibility of polarized all-sky imaging for aerosol characterization
Authors: Kreuter A. , Blumthaler M.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Polarized all-sky distribution measurements contain radiative information about aerosol properties. We investigate the method of all-sky imaging for aerosol property retrieval and propose a technical frame work for image processing and analysis. Using Zernike polynomials, we decompose the relative Stokes parameter distributions, which efficiently captures the information content. The resulting feature vector is well suited for all-sky imaging, independent of calibration and robust against noise. It can be directly used in existing algorithms or alternative types of retrieval methods of aerosol optical properties in the future. By modeling possible aerosol scenarios we investigate the influence of different aerosol types in terms of the first two principal components describing the maximal variances. In this representation we show that the feature vector from a polarized all-sky imager is suitable for aerosol classification with respect to size and single scatter albedo.
A new simplified procedure for the simultaneous SO2 and ash retrieval in a tropospheric volcanic cloud
Authors: Pugnaghi S. , Guerrieri L. , Corradini S. , Merucci L. , Arvani B.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. A new procedure for the simultaneous estimation of SO2 and ash abundances in a volcanic plume using thermal infrared (TIR) MODIS data is presented. Plume altitude and temperature are the only two input parameters needed to run the procedure, while surface emissivity, atmospheric profiles and radiative transfer models are not required to perform the atmospheric corrections. The proposed space-based retrievals are simple, extremely fast and can be easily extended and applied to any volcano. By linearly interpolating the radiances of the edges of the detected volcanic plume, the Volcanic Plume Removal (VPR) procedure here described, computes the radiances that would have been measured at the sensor if the plume was missing and reconstructs a new image without the plume. The comparison of the new image with the original data containing the plume highlights the plume presence and allows the computation of the plume transmittance in three TIR-MODIS bands: 29, 31 and 32 (8.6, 11.0 and 12.0 μm). The procedure results are very good when the surface under the plume is rather uniform, as it is often the case with plume widths of few tens of kilometers. As a consequence it works very well when the plume is above the sea, but still produces fairly good estimates in more challenging and not easily modeled conditions, such as images with land or uniform cloud layers under the plume. In the aforementioned bands the plume transmittances are derived in two steps: (1) using a simple model with the plume at a fixed altitude and neglecting the layer of atmosphere above it; (2) refining the first result with a polynomial relationship obtained by means of MODTRAN simulations adapted for the geographical region, the ash type and the atmospheric profiles. Bands 31 and 32 are SO2 transparent and, from their transmittances, the ash particle effective radius (Re) and the aerosol optical depth at 550 nm (AOD550) are computed. A simple relation between the ash transmittances of bands 31 and 29 is demonstrated and used for the SO2 columnar content estimation. Comparing the results of the VPR procedure with the MODTRAN simulations for more than 200 thousands different cases, the frequency distribution of the differences says that: the Re error is less than ±0.5 μm in more than the 60% of the cases; the AOD550 error is less than ±0.125 in the 80% of the cases; the SO2 error is less than ±0.5 g m−2 in more than the 60% of the considered cases. The VPR procedure has been applied in two case studies of recent eruptions occurred at Mt. Etna volcano, Italy and successfully compared with the results obtained with the well known SO2 and ash retrievals based look-up tables (LUTs). By recomputing the parameters of the polynomial relationship, the VPR procedure can be easily extended to other ash types and applied to different volcanoes.
Modeling the distribution of ammonia across Europe including bi-directional surface–atmosphere exchange
Authors: Wichink Kruit R. J. , Schaap M. , Sauter F. J. , van Zanten M. C. , van Pul W. A. J.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. A large shortcoming of current chemistry transport models (CTM) for simulating the fate of ammonia in the atmosphere is the lack of a description of the bi-directional surface–atmosphere exchange. In this paper, results of an update of the surface–atmosphere exchange module DEPAC, i.e. DEPosition of Acidifying Compounds, in the chemistry transport model LOTOS-EUROS are discussed. It is shown that with the new description, which includes bi-directional surface–atmosphere exchange, the modeled ammonia concentrations increase almost everywhere, in particular in agricultural source areas. The reason is that by using a compensation point the ammonia lifetime and transport distance is increased. As a consequence, deposition of ammonia and ammonium decreases in agricultural source areas, while it increases in large nature areas and remote regions especially in southern Scandinavia. The inclusion of a compensation point for water reduces the dry deposition over sea and allows reproducing the observed marine background concentrations at coastal locations to a better extent. A comparison with measurements shows that the model results better represent the measured ammonia concentrations. The concentrations in nature areas are slightly overestimated, while the concentrations in agricultural source areas are still underestimated. Although the introduction of the compensation point improves the model performance, the modeling of ammonia remains challenging. Important aspects are emission patterns in space and time as well as a proper approach to deal with the high concentration gradients in relation to model resolution. In short, the inclusion of a bi-directional surface–atmosphere exchange is a significant step forward for modeling ammonia.
Changes in polychaete standing stock and diversity on the northern side of Senghor Seamount (NE Atlantic)
Authors: Chivers A. J. , Narayanaswamy B. E. , Lamont P. A. , Dale A. , Turnewitsch R.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Interest in seamount research has gathered momentum over the past five years in an effort to understand the physical, geochemical and biological characteristics as well as the interconnectedness of seamount ecosystems. The majority of biological seamount research has concentrated upon the rich and diverse suspension feeding organisms that dominate the megafauna, such as gorgonians and antipatharian corals; by comparison there have been few studies that have investigated the no less enigmatic, but possibly just as important infauna. To help fill this knowledge gap, the macrofaunal community was sampled from a total of five stations along a northerly transect (capturing water depths from ~ 130 m to ~ 3300 m), on Senghor Seamount (NE Atlantic). The focus of this study is on the polychaete communities. Polychaete abundance peaked at the summit and a mid-slope station (~ 1500 m), a pattern mirrored by the biomass values. The polychaete community along the transect appeared to be particularly diverse, with 135 species nominally identified to putative species from a total of 954 individuals. A diversity maximum was identified on the upper slope at ~ 800 m depth, with species diversity, richness and evenness also all peaking at this station. Depth is likely to be a significant factor in determining levels of similarity between stations.
Climate suitability estimates offer insight into fundamental revegetation challenges among post-mining rehabilitated landscapes in eastern Australia
Authors: Audet P. , Arnold S. , Lechner A. M. , Mulligan D. R. , Baumgartl T.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Rehabilitation of post-mining sites in semi-arid/subtropical environments of eastern Australia have a general objective to establish specific types of native vegetation communities as defined in mine closure plans and in relation to the specific biotic and abiotic requirements of such communities. Critical for the success of rehabilitation is the availability of water and hence the climatic characteristic of this geographical region which is defined by a number of weather-bound factors (e.g. potentially erratic rainfall and periods of drought and flooding). However, specific estimates of climate suitability are seldom incorporated into current mined land rehabilitation design. To address this, our analysis combined various broad-scale climatic parameters (i.e. primarily relating to rainfall) to assess bioregional suitability-susceptibility within the context of plant early-establishment in the objective of informing rehabilitation schemes as to the inherent environmental challenges influencing both short- and long-term ecological development. Following our survey of available climate data, we derived site suitability-susceptibility indexes (that are otherwise currently not available within rehabilitation schemes) and compared the performance of 9 mine site locations in which our Centre has been engaged in environmental monitoring (Weipa, Mt. Isa, Ernest Henry, Eromanga, Kidston, Curragh, Tarong, North Stradbroke Island, and Newnes Plateau). More specifically, the sites were ranked from most-to-least suitable and compared with natural vegetation patterns (as estimated by the mean NDVI). Overall, it was determined that regular rainfall and relatively short periods of water-deficit are key characteristics of climate suitability (as found among the relatively more temperate coastal-hinterland sites), whereas high rainfall variability and (or) prolonged seasonal drought are primary characteristics of unsuitability (as found among the arid central-inland sites). Conceptual and practical considerations are provided which could inform rehabilitation schemes as to the inherent environmental challenges influencing both short- and long-term ecological development.
Modelling Northern Hemisphere ice sheets distribution during MIS5 and MIS7 glacial inceptions
Authors: Colleoni F. , Masina S. , Cherchi A. , Navarra A. , Ritz C. , Peyaud V. , Otto-Bliesner B.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. The present manuscript compares the last two glacial inceptions, Marine Isotope Stage 5 (MIS5, 125–115 kyr BP) and MIS7 (236–229 kyr BP) with the aim to detect the relative impact of external forcing (orbitals and GHG) and ice-albedo feedbacks on the ice sheets growth and distribution in the Northern Hemisphere high latitudes. In order to investigate the differences between those two states, we combine atmosphere-ocean coupled model experiments and off-line ice-sheet-model simulations. In particular, we use a low resolution coupled Atmosphere-Ocean-Sea-ice general circulation model to simulate the mean climate of the four time periods associated with the inception states of MIS5 and MIS7 (i.e. 236, 229, 125 and 115 kyr BP). The four mean states are then use to force a 3-D thermodynamical ice sheet model by means of two types of ice sheet experiments, i.e., steady-state and transient experiments. Our results show that steady-state ice experiments underestimate the ice volume at both 229 kyr BP and 115 kyr BP. On the other hand, the simulated pre-inception ice distributions at 236 kyr BP and 125 kyr BP are in good agreement with observations indicating that during these periods feedbacks associated with external forcing dominate over other processes. However, if proper ice-elevation and albedo feedbacks are not taken into consideration, the evolution towards glacial inception in terms of ice volume and extent is hardly simulated. The experimental setup chosen allows us to conclude that, depending on the mean background climate state, the effect of model biases on climate are more important during a cold inception, such as MIS7, than during a warm inception, such as MIS5. The last results suggest to be cautious when tuning and calibrating Earth System Models on a specific time period, mainly for the purpose of ice sheet-climate coupling.
Über Winterklima und Abfluss an der Küste und im Binnenland Nord-Norwegens
Authors: Mook R. H. G.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. An Hand klimatologischer und hydrologischer Daten wird beschrieben, wie der Verlauf des Abflusses im Küstenbereich Nordnorwegens von winterlichen Taufluten bestimmt wird, während im Binnenland die Flüsse im Laufe des Winters hauptsächlich aus Seen und Grundwasser gespeist werden.
Développement et déclin des chemins de fer dans le Wisconsin
Authors: Perret M. Ed.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Die erste Eisenbahnlinie im amerikanischen Staate Wisconsin geht auf das Jahr 1850 zurück. Sie sollte im Endausbau der Verbindung wichtiger Schiffahrtswege, des Michigansees und des Mississippi, dienen; zunächst handelt es sich indessen bloß um eine Strecke von 16 km, zwischen Milwaukee und Wauwatosa. Verschiedene private Gesellschaften wetteifern in der Folge um die Entwicklung des Bahnnetzes, dessen Länge bereits 1856, als die Verbindung zum Mississippi vollendet war, 816 km betrug und sich bis 1920 auf volle 12 382 km ausweitete. Die Konkurrenz durch die neu aufkommenden Verkehrsmittel auf der Straße und in der Luft setzte dem Ausbau dann freilich eine Grenze, und der Niedergang des Bahnwesens ließ nicht auf sich warten, zumal die Aufmerksamkeit der Gesellschaften dem Personenverkehr gegenüber bald einmal zu wünschen übrig ließ. Der Aufsatz schildert abschließend die heutige Situation der Eisenbahnen von Wisconsin, welche die in den zentralen und westlichen Teilen der USA vorliegenden Verhältnisse im ganzen getreulich widerspiegelt.
Charakteristische Kenngrössen schweizerischer Speicherseen
Authors: Kühne A.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Bei verschiedenen wasserwirtschaftlichen Problemen interessiert, wie der Inhalt eines Speichersees von dessen Stauhöhe abhängt. Es zeigt sich, dass dieser Zusammenhang, welcher natürlich wesentlich durch die Form des betreffenden Staubeckens bestimmt wird, im allgemeinen durch eine einfache mathematische Beziehung gut angenähert werden kann. Aufgrund der entsprechenden Näherungsformel gibt es zu jedem Speichersee zwei Parameter, die seine Beckenform weitgehend charakterisieren. Im vorliegenden Bericht sind für rund 40 schweizerische Speicherseen die ermittelten Parameterwerte festgehalten, sowie die sogenannten Speicherinhaltslinien aufgezeichnet. Es ist bemerkenswert, dass diese Linien, auf doppelt-logarithmischem Papier dargestellt, bei allen untersuchten Speicherseen nahezu die Gestalt von Geraden aufweisen.
Bodenentwicklung im Hochgebirge : ein Beispiel vom Vorfeld des Steingletschers in der Schweiz
Authors: Heikkinen O. , Fogelberg P.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Soil development in high mountains: an example from the Steingletscher foreland, Switzerland. Three soil profiles on moraines of different age were studied, and chemical analyses were made. The oldest soil (age 10 000 years) an iron-humus podzol, showed distinct horizons, the second one (age 300-350 years) showed signs of beginning podzol formation; tendencies to horizons could be seen from the chemical analyses but hardly by the eye. The youngest profile (age 120-130 years) was still an undeveloped raw soil, and not even the chemical analyses showed any differentiation.
Problemdisparitäten Talgebiet : Berggebiet und agrarpolitische Möglichkeiten zu deren Abbau
Authors: Rieder P.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. This article deals with the disparities between mountain and plane agriculture in Switzerland. A first part shows the causes. It states that beside natural conditions as well the development of the specific technology as well the federal agricultural laws lead to increasing disparities. The consequences are discussed, too. The federal agricultural policy responded with three special laws in favour of the mountain agriculture. The character of these laws are also discussed. The problems are not yet solved, specifically it can be observed, that the smaU villages get smaller and the big are growing. The article discusses a number of possibilities to diminish the disparities within the Swiss agriculture: these are (a) more efficiency of the already existing measures, (b) incentives for «new» products and (c) measures, which lead to conditions, that small farms could reach a füll economical existence. This again would increase the number of families in the small mountain villages. Results of planning and field studies are presented.
Beobachtungen zum Lineargefüge des Adula-Kristallins und zum Quartär am San Bernardino-Pass (Graubünden/Schweiz)
Authors: Burga C. A.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Eine gefügekundliche Auswertung von Luftbildern des engeren S. Bernardino-Paßgebietes ergab drei unterschiedlich orientierte Bruchscharen, die quer und schräg zum Streichen verlaufen. Diese nach der Faltung bzw. Platznahme des Adula-Kristallins entstandenen Bruchsysteme sind zusammen mit den Bankungs-Köpfen der Augengneise für die Anlage und den Verlauf von Bächen, Seen und Mooren verantwortlich. Die quartären Ablagerungen der Paßregion werden auf Grund von neun Bohrprofilen aus Flachmooren beschrieben, mittels pollenanalytischer Untersuchungen chronologisch gedeutet und paläoklimatologisch interpretiert. Der größte Teil der ausgewerteten Moor-Bohrprofile weist eine mehr oder weniger «vollständige» Verlandungsabfolge auf. Die Sedimentation der tiefsten Seebecken (Wälschberg, Sass de la Golp, Alp Marschol) begann nachweislich spätestens zur Zeit der ausgehenden Ältesten Dryas-Zeit, also vor mehr als 13 000 Jahren vor heute. Auf die würmeiszeitliche Gletschergeschichte bezogen heißt das, daß der ehemals vom Rheinwald nach S ins Misox abfließende südliche Seitenlobus des Hinterrhein-Gletschers bereits während der ausgehenden Ältesten Dryas-Zeit nicht mehr vorhanden war. Die würmeiszeitliche Eistransfluenz über den Bernhardin brach also spätestens zur Zeit der ausgehenden Ältesten Dryas ab. In den absolut datierten Sedimentabfolgen (Radiocarbon-Methode) wurden mittlere Sedimentationsraten berechnet. Diese sind im Spätglazial allgemein höher als im Postglazial: 0,3–2,0 mm/Jahr bzw. 0,1- 0,6 mm/Jahr. Während des postglazialen Klimaoptimums ist erwartungsgemäß das größte Moorwachstum zu verzeichnen. So betragen die mittleren Sedimentationsraten für das Atlantikum und Subboreal 0,2–0,6 mm/Jahr.
Freihandelszone Shenzhen in der VR-China : Experiment im Rahmen der neuen Wirtschaftspolitik
Authors: Šimko D.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Since 1979 the Chinese People's Republic has attempted to implement part of the new economic policy of reform in the Special Economic Zones (SEZs). The Shenzhen SEZ is the largest of the four existing SEZs and has an area of 327,5 Square kilometres and about 84'000 inhabitants. In the Shenzhen SEZ, most of the foreign investment is concentrated in the real estate/construction business and tourism and not exclusively in manufacturing. The joint-ventures have proved to be disappointing and currently account for only 2,8 % of the total investment.On the other hand, cooperative production is still the principal form of investment with 56,8 % of the total. The economic and technological dependence of Shenzhen SEZ on Hongkong is likely to have an adverse effect on production costs and the price of land. The accelerated development in Shenzhen SEZ has been accompanied by inadequate infrastructure Provision and serious social problems.
Propriété privée, équilibre social et organisation de l'espace
Authors: Walter F.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Das Thema des Privateigentums ist für das Verständnis räumlicher Praktiken von grundlegender Bedeutung. Speziell in der Sozialgeographie ist das individualistische Paradigma untrennbar mit jeglichem Theorisationsversuch verbunden. Die Rolle des Privateigentums darf daher nicht bloss unter dem strukturellen Aspekt (z. B. der Verteilung des Grundbesitzes) betrachtet werden, sondern muss auch als eine im Verhalten dem Räume gegenüber verborgene gesellschaftliche Versinnbildlichung angesehen werden. Zur Hervorhebung der Dynamik benutzt der Verfasser einen geo-historischen Ansatz. Er legt zunächst die räumlichen Auswirkungen des individualistischen Paradigmas dar. Danach werden die dem Privateigentum im Rahmen der Verstädterungs- und Raumplanungspolitik auferlegten Beschränkungen abgehandelt. Daraus wird ersichtlich, dass diese für die Grundeigentümer restriktive Politik nichts anderes ist als eine «soziale Technologie», welche die gesamte Gesellschaft prägt. Jegliche (aktive) Raumordnung hat ihren Ursprung in der gesellschaftlichen Versinnbildlichung des Eigentums und setzt ein Gleichgewicht zwischen privaten und allgemeinen Interessen voraus. Die Untersuchung der Besitzverhältnisse und deren raum-zeitliche Konfiguration kann daher zu einem neuartigen Verständnis der Sozialstruktur beitragen.
Die Gletscher um "1850" und "HEUTE" im Bünderland und in den angrenzenden Gebieten : Untersuchungen zur Höhenlage, Veränderungen und räumlichen Struktur von Schneegrenzen
Authors: Maisch M.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. An inventory of data for the extent of ice in 1850 is presented and compared to the extent of alpine glaciers in 1973 as recorded by the Swiss glacier inventory. Special attention is given to the position and spatial Variation of snowline altitudes based on data for the general ice retreat between 1850 and 1973. The ränge of snowline altitudes (as given by the 2 :1 -equilibrium line calculation) reflects the topography and the related change from wet perialpine to dry continental inneralpine areas. In addition, the effects of local condition are superimposed on this trend. The overall climatically induced rise in snowline altitudes between 1850 and 1973 is 77 +/-51 m. The considerable ränge of 340 m as compared to the actual Situation in 1973 demonstrates the influence of local topography, geometry and dip of the glacier surface on the snowline altitude. The mean altitude of the firnline in 1973 quantifies the melting during the last year of Observation 1972/73. The glaciers in the regions of Bernina, Bergell and Kesch are more strongly affected than in other areas during this budget period. On the average, the firnline altitude rose 120 m above de 2 :1 - equilibrium line corresponding to the surface geometry of that year. The data presented and the climatological information will be analysed and deciphered in more details.
B.F. Kuhns Beitrag zur Gletscherkunde vor 200 Jahren
Authors: Röthlisberger H.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. "B. F. Kuhn's contribution to the knowledge of glaciers 200 years ago". An extensive summary of Kuhn's essay "An Attempt on the Mechanism of Glaciers" is given with ample citations. He shows a remarkable insight into conditions and processes that make a glacier. Without using the following terms he describes metamorphism, the accumulation-ablation area concept, mass transport, glacier movement, formation of moraines and glacier variations in logical order. His glacier-flow mechanism by cavity collapse at the bed is a weak point, but the glacier-tremor reported in context deserves recognition: so does the essay as a whole.
Wald, bosch...: sprachanalytische Skizzen zu einem Raumplanungsprojekt im Malcantone
Authors: Walther P. , Hugentobler F.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. The language is a means to communicate about the world and to render it meaningful. This paper demonstrates the practical relevance of language in applied geography, using the example of potential land use conflicts in aTicino region (Malcantone). The project discusses the planning problems related to the spontaneous growth of forests on reverted land. The authors have studied this process in the basis of the legal definition of woodland, considering the period from 1945–83, and have defined potential problem and conflict areas (e. g. between building and afforestion zones). Linguistic difficulties arose on various levels: during the survey (when the data was prepared for a Geographical Information System) and during the translation of the analytical description into the regional language. As the project is now being realised, the cultural dimension of language becomes apparent.This study has in fact encouraged the authors to reflect on their own language (the metaphors of the legal definition of woodlands). Their conclusion is that geographers ought to create new languages in order to arrive at an integral planning of our living space.
Zur letzten Eiszeit im alpinen und nordeuropäischen Raum
Authors: Glückert G.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. On the last Glaciation of the Alps and Fennoscandia. During the Pleistocene the Alps and the Fennoscandian Shield were covered several times with extensive ice caps. During the last Ice Age. the Würm or Weichsel Glaciation, the maximum extent of the glaciers occurred at the end of the Ice Age, as late as 20.000 years ago. The main retreat phases during deglaciation were marked as distinct ice marginal zones and dated between 20,000 and 9,000 BP.
The land claims issue and the Sámi : reflections on contemporary legal struggle
Authors: Svensson T. G.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Die Frage der Landrechte scheint die Hauptrolle in den heutigen ethnopolitischen Prozessen in der sogenannten Vierten Welt zu spielen. Da Landrechte auch eng mit ökologischen Aspekten verknüpft sind, werden sie zur Basis für das kulturelle Überleben vieler indigener Minderheiten. Deshalb ist die Verbesserung der Land- und Wasserrechte eine der ersten politischen Forderungen für viele indigene Völker. In diesem Artikel wird das Konzept der Landrechte diskutiert und es werden verschiedene Strategien dargelegt, wie sie von einer ethnischen Minderheit, den Sámi im nördlichen Skandinavien, benützt werden. Dabei werden Lösungsvorschläge, wie sie bei interethnischen Konfrontationen in dieser grundsätzlichen Problemstellung auftreten, besonders betont.