bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WS3N: Wireless Secure SDN-Based Communication for Sensor Networks
Authors: Alves Renan C. A. , Oliveira Doriedson A. G. , Pereira Geovandro C. C. F. , Albertini Bruno C. , Margi Cíntia B.
Published: August 2018

The Software Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm can provide flexible routing and potentially support the different communication patterns that exist in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). However applying this paradigm to resource-constrained networks is not straightforward, especially if security services are a requirement. Existing SDN-based approaches for WSN evolved over time, addressing resource-constrained requirements. However, they do not integrate security services into their design and implementation. This work’s main contribution is a secure-by-design SDN-based framework for Wireless Sensors Networks. Secure node admission and end-to-end key distribution to support secure communication are considered key services, which the framework must provide. We describe its specification, design, implementation, and experiments considering device and protocol constraints. The results indicate that our approach has achieved such goals with acceptable overheads up to medium sized networks.
A Survey on Machine Learning‐Based Mobile Big Data Analysis: Challenges and Applications
Authors: Xie Jiyang , Song Zeyu , Li Yupeng , Zhang Yanting , Yu Hong , Zhan Jinnan , Ma Zhanyu , Qiao Yuanyuan , Zhang Jianhua , Guo Jun
Published: August 2018

This paper attempts to identify the requirement and the development of machine learning‐based mobile big data (MBD) analysis through discussing the insights of challenges in the mobile big data. Furthermore, it reviews the state‐of‐the‐art applications of data analysis in the area of MBD. Firstly, we introduce the development of MBD. Secondly, the frequently applied data analysis methods are reviewed. Three typical applications of MBD analysis, namely, wireless channel modeling, human online and offline behavior analysis, and speech recognition in the Internet of Vehicles, are introduced, respectively. Finally, we summarize the main challenges and future development directions of mobile big data analysis.
Experimental Assessment of Time Reversal for In‐Body to In‐Body UWB Communications
Authors: Andreu Carlos , Garcia-Pardo Concepcion , Castelló-Palacios Sergio , Cardona Narcís
Published: August 2018

The standard of in‐body communications is limited to the use of narrowband systems. These systems are far from the high data rate connections achieved by other wireless telecommunication services today in force. The UWB frequency band has been proposed as a possible candidate for future in‐body networks. However, the attenuation of body tissues at gigahertz frequencies could be a serious drawback. Experimental measurements for channel modeling are not easy to carry out, while the use of humans is practically forbidden. Sophisticated simulation tools could provide inaccurate results since they are not able to reproduce all the in‐body channel conditions. Chemical solutions known as phantoms could provide a fair approximation of body tissues’ behavior. In this work, the Time Reversal technique is assessed to increase the channel performance of in‐body communications. For this task, a large volume of experimental measurements is performed at the low part of UWB spectrum (3.1‐5.1 GHz) by using a highly accurate phantom‐based measurement setup. This experimental setup emulates an in‐body to in‐body scenario, where all the nodes are implanted inside the body. Moreover, the in‐body channel characteristics such as the path loss, the correlation in transmission and reception, and the reciprocity of the channel are assessed and discussed.
Numerical-Experimental Assessment of a Hybrid FE-MB Model of an Aircraft Seat Sled Test
Authors: Caputo F. , De Luca A. , Marulo F. , Guida M. , Vitolo B.
Published: August 2018

This paper deals with the development of an established hybrid finite element multibody (FE-MB) model for the simulation of an experimental sled test of a single row of a double passenger seat placed in front of a fuselage bulkhead, by considering a single anthropomorphic Hybrid II 50th dummy arranged on one of the seat places. The numerical investigation has been carried out by focusing on the passenger passive safety. Specifically, the occupant injury assessment has been quantitatively monitored by means of the head injury criterion (HIC), which, based on the average value of the dummy head acceleration during a crash event, should not exceed, according to the standards, the value of 1000. Numerical results provided by the hybrid model have been compared with the experimental ones provided by the Geven S.p.A. company and with the results carried out by a full FE model. The hybrid model simulates with a good level of accuracy the experimental test and allows reducing significantly the computing time with respect to the full FE one.
The Multiresolving Sets of Graphs with Prescribed Multisimilar Equivalence Classes
Authors: Khemmani Varanoot , Isariyapalakul Supachoke
Published: August 2018

For a set W=w1,w2,…,wk of vertices and a vertex v of a connected graph G, the multirepresentation of v with respect to W is the k-multiset mr(v∣W)=dv,w1,dv,w2,…,dv,wk, where d(v,wi) is the distance between the vertices v and wi for i=1,2,…,k. The set W is a multiresolving set of G if every two distinct vertices of G have distinct multirepresentations with respect to W. The minimum cardinality of a multiresolving set of G is the multidimension dimM(G) of G. It is shown that, for every pair k,n of integers with k≥3 and n≥3(k-1), there is a connected graph G of order n with dimM(G)=k. For a multiset {a1,a2,…,ak} and an integer c, we define {a1,a2,…,ak}+c,c,…,c=a1+c,a2+c,…,ak+c. A multisimilar equivalence relation RW on V(G) with respect to W is defined by u  RW  v if mr(u∣W)=mrv∣W+cWu,v,cWu,v,…,cWu,v for some integer cW(u,v). We study the relationship between the elements in multirepresentations of vertices that belong to the same multisimilar equivalence class and also establish the upper bound for the cardinality of a multisimilar equivalence class. Moreover, a multiresolving set with prescribed multisimilar equivalence classes is presented.
Congestion‐Optimal WiFi Offloading with User Mobility Management in Smart Communications
Authors: Liu Bin , Zhu Qi , Tan Weiqiang , Zhu Hongbo
Published: August 2018

We study the WiFi offloading problem in smart communications and adaptively seek for the optimal offloading strategies with the consideration of the mobility management and the dynamical nature of network state. With users mobility management, we formulate the offloading ratio optimization problem based on Markov process. Then, we propose a novel Congestion‐Optimal WiFi Offloading (COWO) algorithm based on subgradient method, which aims to obtain the optimal offloading ratio for each access point (AP) to maximize the throughput and minimize the network congestion. Due to the computational complexity of subgradient method, we further improve the COWO algorithm by the equivalent transformation. By viewing all the APs as one virtual WiFi network, we try to optimize the identical offloading ratio for virtual WiFi network and develop a Virtualized Congestion‐Optimal WiFi Offloading (VCOWO) algorithm with lower complexity. Under the equivalent conditions, the performance of the VCOWO algorithm could well approximate the optimal results obtained by the COWO algorithm. It is found that the VCOWO algorithm could obtain the upper bound of multiple APs WiFi offloading performance. Moreover, we investigate the impacts of user mobility on the WiFi offloading performance. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm could achieve higher throughput with lower network congestion compared with other current offloading schemes.
Deep Learning Approaches for Predictive Masquerade Detection
Authors: Elmasry Wisam , Akbulut Akhan , Zaim Abdul Halim
Published: August 2018

In computer security, masquerade detection is a special type of intrusion detection problem. Effective and early intrusion detection is a crucial factor for computer security. Although considerable work has been focused on masquerade detection for more than a decade, achieving a high level of accuracy and a comparatively low false alarm rate is still a big challenge. In this paper, we present a comprehensive empirical study in the area of anomaly-based masquerade detection using three deep learning models, namely, Deep Neural Networks (DNN), Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Networks (LSTM-RNN), and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). In order to surpass previous studies on this subject, we used three UNIX command line-based datasets, with six variant data configurations implemented from them. Furthermore, static and dynamic masquerade detection approaches were utilized in this study. In a static approach, DNN and LSTM-RNN models are used along with a Particle Swarm Optimization-based algorithm for their hyperparameters selection. On the other hand, a CNN model is employed in a dynamic approach. Moreover, twelve well-known evaluation metrics are used to assess model performance in each of the data configurations. Finally, intensive quantitative and ROC curves analyses of results are provided at the end of this paper. The results not only show that deep learning models outperform all traditional machine learning methods in the literature but also prove their ability to enhance masquerade detection on the used datasets significantly.
Assessment of Insulin Injection Practice of Nurses Working in a Tertiary Healthcare Center of Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Shital , Poudel Ramesh Sharma , Rajbanshi Laxmi , Shrestha Shakti
Published: August 2018

Introduction.Sound knowledge and good practice on insulin injection technique are essential for nurses in order to administer insulin correctly and to educate patients or their relatives adequately. This study aimed to assess the insulin injection practice through the use of insulin pen among nurses working in a tertiary healthcare center of Nepal.Materials and Methods.A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 67 nurses working in one of the tertiary healthcare centers of Nepal. Demographic information and insulin injection practice of nurses through the use of insulin pen were assessed using self-administered questionnaire. Each correct practice was scored “1” and incorrect practice was scored “0.”Results.The median (IQR) insulin injection practice score of nurses was 11 (9-12) out of 16. Thirty-seven (55.2%) nurses store insulin pen filled with insulin cartridge at room temperature while 57 (85.1%) nurses store unopened cartridge at refrigerator (2-8°C). The practice of hand washing and injection site cleaning was mentioned by 92.5% and 82.1% of the nurses, respectively. However, just over half of the nurses mix the premix (cloudy) insulin and prime insulin pen before each injection. Thirty-four (50.7%) nurses do not lift skin during injection and more than half of the nurses keep needle beneath the skin for less than 5 seconds after completely injecting the required dose of insulin. One out of ten nurses massage injection site after injecting insulin. Most of the nurses (86.6%) use single needle more than once and the median (IQR) frequency of needle reuse was 6 (3-12). Similarly, systematic site rotation was performed by 59 (88.1%) nurses and twenty (29.9%) nurses claim that they use single insulin pen for two different cartridges.Conclusion.The insulin injection practice of nurses assessed through the use of insulin pen was suboptimal and highlights the need for urgent educational intervention.
Theoretical Solutions for Dynamic Characteristics of Liquid Annular Seals with Herringbone Grooves on the Stator Based on Bulk-Flow Theory
Authors: Zhai Lulu , Chi Zhonghuang , Guo Jia , Zhang Zhenjie , Zhu Zuchao
Published: August 2018

Liquid annular seals are primarily used to control the leakage in high-speed turbomachinery, especially in nuclear and petrochemical pumps. In this paper, a theoretical analysis method for dynamic characteristics of liquid seals with herringbone grooves on the stator is proposed based on bulk-flow theory. Steady-state velocities and leakage rates within the upstream and downstream spiral parts and the middle plain part taking account of the pumping effects are figured out first with the inertia term of the fluid within the whole seal. Then, the dynamic characteristics of the whole seal are solved based on Childs’ finite-length solutions and verified by comparing with experimental hydraulic forces. Moreover, characteristic coefficients and instability parameters of the herringbone-grooved teeth-on-stator (TOS) seals and teeth-on-rotor (TOR) seals of the same size under different pressure differences are predicted and compared in detail. The influences of the lengths of constituent parts on the dynamic characteristics and instability parameters of the model seals are theoretically investigated. The results show that the stability of the TOS seal is much better than that of the TOR seal under most operating conditions. And the lengths of the middle plain part significantly affect the dynamic characteristics and the stability parameter.
Drug-Induced Hematological Cytopenia in Kidney Transplantation and the Challenges It Poses for Kidney Transplant Physicians
Authors: Khalil Muhammad Abdul Mabood , Khalil Muhammad Ashhad Ullah , Khan Taqi F. Taufeeq , Tan Jackson
Published: August 2018

Drug-induced hematological cytopenia is common in kidney transplantation. Various cytopenia including leucopenia (neutropenia), thrombocytopenia, and anemia can occur in kidney transplant recipients. Persistent severe leucopenia or neutropenia can lead to opportunistic infections of various etiologies. On the contrary, reducing or stopping immunosuppressive medications in these events can provoke a rejection. Transplant clinicians are often faced with the delicate dilemma of balancing cytopenia and rejection from adjustments of immunosuppressive regimen. Differentials of drug-induced cytopenia are wide. Identification of culprit medication and subsequent modification is also challenging. In this review, we will discuss individual drug implicated in causing cytopenia and correlate it with corresponding literature evidence.
Poor Sleep Quality Is the Risk Factor for Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Ji Yuying , Li Miaoling , Zhang Xiongze , Peng Yuting , Wen Feng
Published: August 2018

Purpose. Whether sleep disturbance is related with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is still in controversy. This study is designed to investigate sleep status in CSC using definite and well-established methods. Methods. A total of 134 CSC patients and 134 age- and sex-matched normal controls were recruited in the study. Demographic data were collected through a questionnaire. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by weight divided by height squared. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were administered to all subjects to assess the sleep quality and daytime sleepiness, respectively. Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21-item version (DASS-21) was also used to evaluate the emotion status as a positive control. Poor sleep quality was defined as PSQI > 5 and sleep apnea tendency as ESS > 10. Positive criteria scores were ≥10 for depression, ≥8 for anxiety, and ≥15 for stress. Results. There was no significant difference of BMI between the two groups (p=0.075). The prevalence of poor sleep quality (58.2% versus 23.9%; p<0.001) in CSC patients was significantly higher than normal. Specifically, CSC patients presented worse performance in certain components of sleep quality, that is, sleep latency, sleep duration, and sleep efficiency. More participants had stress (23.9% versus 3%, p<0.001), depression (25.4% versus 10.4%; p=0.001), and anxiety (28.4% versus 14.9%; p=0.008) emotions in CSC than that in normal. No significant difference was observed in sleep apnea tendency. Through logistic regression analysis, CSC patients were more likely to be in poor sleep quality (p<0.001; OR 3.608 (2.071–6.285)) and stress emotion (p=0.002, OR 6.734 (1.997–22.711)). Conclusion. Poor sleep quality is risk factor for CSC patients. Attention of sleep quality should be paid when treating them.
Exponential Stability of Linear Discrete Systems with Multiple Delays
Authors: Baštinec J. , Demchenko H. , Diblík J. , Khusainov D. Ya.
Published: August 2018

The paper investigates the exponential stability and exponential estimate of the norms of solutions to a linear system of difference equations with multiple delays xk+1=Axk+∑i=1sBixk-mi, k=0,1,…, where s∈N, A and Bi are square matrices, and mi∈N. New criterion for exponential stability is proved by the Lyapunov method. An estimate of the norm of solutions is given as well and relations to the well-known results are discussed.
The Use of Limestone Sand for the Seismic Base Isolation of Structures
Authors: Banović Ivan , Radnić Jure , Grgić Nikola , Matešan Domagoj
Published: August 2018

The possibility of the use of a layer of natural material under foundations for seismic base isolation was investigated. The dissipation of seismic energy of a low‐cost natural material with adequate thickness, bearing capacity, and lateral and vertical stiffness, which can serve as an optimal solution for seismic base isolation under the foundations of many structures, was tested. This paper presents the results of a brief experimental study to determine the effectiveness of ordinary limestone sand under the foundation of a cantilever concrete column to increase its seismic resistance. The behavior of small‐scale columns with three substrates below the foundation (rigid base, the thin layer of limestone sand, and the thick layer of limestone sand) was investigated by the shake table. The column was exposed to a set of horizontal base accelerations until structure collapse. It was concluded that a layer of limestone sand of appropriate thickness and compressibility can serve as the means a seismic base isolation. The nonlinear numerical model for the dynamic analysis of planar concrete structures coupled with soil is briefly presented and verified by the performed experimental tests.
An Assessment of Serious Games Technology: Toward an Architecture for Serious Games Design
Authors: Mestadi Walid , Nafil Khalid , Touahni Raja , Messoussi Rochdi
Published: August 2018

The design of an engaging and motivating serious game (SG) requires a strong knowledge of learning domain, pedagogy, and game design components, which are hard to be found and restrained by an individual or one entity. Therefore and in the light of this statement, the collaboration between domain content, pedagogical, and playful experts is required and crucial. Despite the fact that the existing models that support SG design are intended to have a combination of learning and fun, the design of SG remains difficult to achieve. It would then be appreciated to propose means and guidelines that facilitate this design. To do so, this paper proposes a taxonomy, which classifies models that treat SG design, and then presents an opening as a functional architecture for supporting SG conception, which promotes the separation during the design, the collaboration between different involved experts, and the reuse of prior expert productions.
Security Paper Design with Frequency-Selective Structure for X-Band Electromagnetic Detection System
Authors: Lee Sang-Hwa , Kim Min-Sik , Kim Jong-Kyu , Lim Jong-In , Hong Ic-Pyo
Published: August 2018

This study designed and fabricated a frequency-selective structure-based security paper for the electromagnetic detection system of a security gate, which aims to prevent leakage of confidential documents. When a functional paper embedded with a frequency-selective pattern that selectively reflects a specific frequency is being leaked out of a security zone, the electromagnetic detection system receives and detects the intensity of the electromagnetic wave reflected from the security paper passing through an antenna gate, which transmits/receives RF signals. A stable detection performance of the security paper can be ensured by improving the incidence angle stability for incident waves and reducing the reflection loss. This study designed a frequency-selective structure with stable frequency reflection properties at the X-band by utilizing a Jerusalem cross structure. The proposed design was realized using the screen printing technique, which could implement a circuit, to print silver ink on a plain paper. To verify the applicability of the frequency-selective structure-based security paper, an RF detection system with a multiple antenna array was constructed and the intensity of the received signals was measured. The measurement was performed for various scenarios, and the result showed that the proposed security paper was well detected.
[Retracted] A Survey on Management Frameworks and Open Challenges in IoT
Authors: Kiani Farzad
Published: August 2018

The new era of technology is a rollback in which massive information comes from interconnected devices. These types of things that have Internet connectivity are called the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT and its applications have enabled novel service provisioning, whereas at the same time it has raised complex challenges of managing such network. Resource limitation such as computational power and energy limitation defines the characteristics of IoT that require a novel design of management framework. Designing a management framework that meets the IoT requirements is a daunting task. Recently, Software‐Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm has eased the management of traditional Internet by provisioning centralized view of the network. This makes SDN a potential candidate for managing IoT. However, traditional design of the SDN paradigm needs to be redefined to adapt it for the IoT. Hence, in this paper, we have discussed trends and research of management architecture for IoT based on Software‐Defined Networking principles. In addition, we discuss non‐SDN‐based approaches. In this paper, we compare all of the efforts in the last five years in addressing issues of IoT management that involves security service provisioning, fault tolerance, energy management, and load balancing. We also discuss future research directions that evolved from our detailed survey and taxonomy of the Software‐Defined IoT (SDIoT) management frameworks.
Projections in Breast and Lung Cancer Mortality among Women: A Bayesian Analysis of 52 Countries Worldwide
Authors: Martín-Sánchez Juan Carlos , Lunet Nuno , González-Marrón Adrián , Lidón-Moyano Cristina , Matilla-Santander Nuria , Clèries Ramon , Malvezzi Matteo , Negri Eva , Morais Samantha , Costa Ana Rute , Ferro Ana , Lopes-Conceição Luisa , La Vecchia Carlo , Martínez-Sánchez Jose M.
Published: August 2018

Among women, lung cancer mortality rates have surpassed those for breast cancer in several countries. This reflects the breast cancer mortality declines due to access to screening and effective treatment alongside the entrance of certain countries in stages of the tobacco epidemic in which smoking becomes more prevalent in women. In this study, we project lung and breast cancer mortality until 2030 in 52 countries. Cancer mortality data were obtained from the WHO Mortality Database. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), per 100,000, were calculated (direct method) for 2008 to 2014 and projected for the years 2015, 2020, 2025, and 2030 using a Bayesian log-linear Poisson model. In 52 countries studied around the world, between 2015 and 2030, the median ASMR are projected to increase for lung cancer, from 11.2 to 16.0, whereas declines are expected for breast cancer, from 16.1 to 14.7. In the same period, the ASMR will decrease in 36 countries for breast cancer and in 15 countries for lung cancer. In half of the countries analyzed, and in nearly three quarters of those classified as high-income countries, the ASMR for lung cancer has already surpassed or will surpass the breast cancer ASMR before 2030. The mortality for lung and breast cancer is higher in high-income countries than in middle-income countries; lung cancer mortality is lower in the latter because the tobacco epidemic is not yet widespread. Due to these observed characteristics of lung cancer, primary prevention should still be a key factor to decrease lung cancer mortality.

Significance: The mortality for lung and breast cancer is projected to be higher in high-income countries than in middle-income countries, where lung cancer mortality is expected to surpass breast cancer mortality before 2030. Cancer Res; 78(15); 4436–42. ©2018 AACR.
Can Dietary and Physical Activity Modifications Reduce Breast Density in Postmenopausal Women? The DAMA Study, a Randomized Intervention Trial in Italy
Authors: Masala Giovanna , Assedi Melania , Sera Francesco , Ermini Ilaria , Occhini Daniela , Castaldo Maria , Pierpaoli Elena , Caini Saverio , Bendinelli Benedetta , Ambrogetti Daniela , Palli Domenico
Published: August 2018

Background:

Few randomized trials have been carried out to evaluate the effect of lifestyle modifications on mammographic breast density (MBD). The randomized 2 × 2 factorial Diet, physical Activity and MAmmography trial aimed to evaluate whether MBD can be reduced in postmenopausal women with high baseline MBD by a 24-month dietary and/or physical activity (PA) interventions.

Methods:

We randomized healthy postmenopausal women, attending the Florence (Italy) mammographic screening program, ages 50 to 69 years, nonsmokers, with MBD > 50% and no recent hormone therapy, to (i) a dietary intervention focused on plant foods, with a low glycemic load, low in saturated fats and alcohol; (ii) a PA intervention combining daily moderate intensity activities and one weekly supervised session of more strenuous activity; (iii) both interventions; (iv) general recommendations. We evaluated changes in MBD based on Volpara estimates comparing baseline and follow-up digital mammograms by an intention-to-treat-analysis.

Results:

MBD measures were available for 226 participants. An interaction emerged between treatments and thus we run analyses by arms. A decrease in volumetric percent density emerged for women in the dietary intervention (ratio 0.91; 95% CI, 0.86–0.97; P = 0.002) and in the PA intervention arm (0.93; 95% CI, 0.87–0.98; P = 0.01) in comparison with controls. No clear effect emerged in the double intervention arm.

Conclusions:

This intervention trial suggests that a 24-month dietary or PA intervention may reduce MBD in postmenopausal women.

Impact:

A modification of dietary habits or an increase in PA in postmenopausal women may reduce MBD. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings for planning breast cancer preventive strategies.
Mutant LKB1 Confers Enhanced Radiosensitization in Combination with Trametinib in KRAS-Mutant Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Wang Yifan , Li Nan , Jiang Wen , Deng Weiye , Ye Rui , Xu Cai , Qiao Yawei , Sharma Amrish , Zhang Ming , Hung Mien-Chie , Lin Steven H.
Published: August 2018

Purpose: The MEK inhibitor trametinib radiosensitizes KRAS-mutant non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is being tested clinically with chemoradiation. However, variability in response to trametinib suggests that additional pathways are involved. The mechanism of resistance to trametinib radiosensitization is still unknown.

Experimental Design: We used a panel of KRAS-mutant NSCLC cells and tested the radiosensitization effects of trametinib by clonogenic survival assay. Then, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the resistance to the combination therapy through several knockout and overexpression systems. Finally, we validated our findings in syngeneic mouse models in a treatment setting that mimicked the standard of care in the clinic.

Results: Radiosensitization by trametinib was effective only in KRAS-LKB1–mutated cells with wild-type (WT) p53, and we found that restoring LKB1 expression in those cells blocked that sensitization. Trametinib and radiotherapy both induced senescence in a p53-dependent manner, but in WT LKB1 cells, the combination also activated the AMPK-autophagy pathway to rescue damaged cells from senescence. LKB1-knockout or autophagy inhibition in WT LKB1 cells potentiated trametinib radiosensitization. In syngeneic animal models of Kras-mutant lung tumors, Lkb1-knockout tumors were resistant to trametinib and chemoradiation given separately, but the combination greatly controlled tumor growth and prolonged survival.

Conclusions: The LKB1 mutation in KRAS-mutant NSCLC conferred enhanced radiosensitization in combination with trametinib. The WT LKB1 could activate autophagy through AMPK pathway to induce resistance to the combination of trametinib and radiation. The KRAS-LKB1 mutation could potentially be a biomarker to select patients for trametinib and radiotherapy combination therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 24(22); 5744–56. ©2018 AACR.
PET Imaging of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Cancer
Authors: Wei Weijun , Ni Dalong , Ehlerding Emily B. , Luo Quan-Yong , Cai Weibo
Published: August 2018

Overexpression and/or mutations of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) subfamilies, such as epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR), are closely associated with tumor cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and cellular invasiveness. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) specifically inhibiting these RTKs have shown remarkable success in improving patient survival in many cancer types. However, poor response and even drug resistance inevitably occur. In this setting, the ability to detect and visualize RTKs with noninvasive diagnostic tools will greatly refine clinical treatment strategies for cancer patients, facilitate precise response prediction, and improve drug development. Positron emission tomography (PET) agents using targeted radioactively labeled antibodies have been developed to visualize tumor RTKs and are changing clinical decisions for certain cancer types. In the present review, we primarily focus on PET imaging of RTKs using radiolabeled antibodies with an emphasis on the clinical applications of these immunoPET probes. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(8); 1625–36. ©2018 AACR.
The Second Coming, Successful Life, and the Sweetness of Guinea: Evangelical Thoughts about the Future in Guinea-Bissau
Authors: Formenti Ambra
Published: August 2018

Hope, aspirations, and drive to the future have recently been the focus of academic concern about the ways in which people are thinking and producing their future in a time of great uncertainty. By exploring the distinct ways in which evangelical believers in Guinea-Bissau are engaged in imagining their future, this article aims to portray evangelical Christianity as a source of aspirations and visions of possible futures in contemporary Africa. Moreover, by comparing the programme of cultural and social regeneration pursued by nationalists in the 1960s and ’70s and the current evangelical project of personal and collective redemption, I argue that evangelical churches are promoting a politics of hope that translates Amílcar Cabral’s legacy in their own terms. Finally, I show how, in the wake of the failure of nationalist narratives, evangelical churches are fostering an emerging conceptualization of modernity as connectivity that underlies new dreams of a better future.
A new species of Silba (Diptera; Lonchaeidae) associated with figs
Authors: MACGOWAN IAIN , COMPTON STEPHEN G.
Published: August 2018

A new species of Silba Macquart 1851, Silba ischnopoda sp. nov., is described from Thailand and Cambodia. The Thailand individuals were obtained from larvae found in mature male figs of the dioecious Ficus ischnopoda Miq. Comparisons are made with other similar Asian Silba species which have also been reared from the figs of Ficus species. Male figs support development of fig wasp larvae, not seeds, suggesting that the larvae of S. ischnopoda may be predaceous.
Cocculina delphinicula sp. nov., a new cocculinid species from whale bone in the East China Sea (Gastropoda: Cocculiniformia)
Authors: ZHANG SHUQIAN , ZHANG SUPING
Published: August 2018

A new cocculinid species collected from a dolphin skull in the East China Sea is described and assigned to the genus Cocculina Dall, 1882. This new species, Cocculina delphinicula sp. nov., has a medium sized, depressed shell sculptured with regularly spaced concentric growth lines and fine radial threads. The radula has a formula of (ca. 20)+5+1+5+(ca. 20) with a vestigial rachidian, lateral 1 weak but well defined, having an outline that frequently terminates into a small beak-like cusp, laterals 2 and 3 with 3–4 cusps, lateral 4 with a large primary cusp and an outer secondary cusp.
Broadening of Cloud Droplet Spectra through Eddy Hopping: Turbulent Entraining Parcel Simulations
Authors: Abade Gustavo C. , Grabowski Wojciech W. , Pawlowska Hanna
Published: August 2018

This paper discusses the effects of cloud turbulence, turbulent entrainment, and entrained cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation on the evolution of the cloud droplet size spectrum. We simulate an ensemble of idealized turbulent cloud parcels that are subject to entrainment events modeled as a random process. Entrainment events, subsequent turbulent mixing inside the parcel, supersaturation fluctuations, and the resulting stochastic droplet activation and growth by condensation are simulated using a Monte Carlo scheme. Quantities characterizing the turbulence intensity, entrainment rate, CCN concentration, and the mean fraction of environmental air entrained in an event are all specified as independent external parameters. Cloud microphysics is described by applying Lagrangian particles, the so-called superdroplets. These are either unactivated CCN or cloud droplets that grow from activated CCN. The model accounts for the addition of environmental CCN into the cloud by entraining eddies at the cloud edge. Turbulent mixing of the entrained dry air with cloudy air is described using the classical linear relaxation to the mean model. We show that turbulence plays an important role in aiding entrained CCN to activate, and thus broadening the droplet size distribution. These findings are consistent with previous large-eddy simulations (LESs) that consider the impact of variable droplet growth histories on the droplet size spectra in small cumuli. The scheme developed in this work is ready to be used as a stochastic subgrid-scale scheme in LESs of natural clouds.
Impacts of Atmospheric Reanalysis Uncertainty on Atlantic Overturning Estimates at 25°N
Authors: Pillar Helen R. , Johnson Helen L. , Marshall David P. , Heimbach Patrick , Takao So
Published: August 2018

Atmospheric reanalyses are commonly used to force numerical ocean models, but despite large discrepancies reported between different products, the impact of reanalysis uncertainty on the simulated ocean state is rarely assessed. In this study, the impact of uncertainty in surface fluxes of buoyancy and momentum on the modeled Atlantic meridional overturning at 25°N is quantified for the period January 1994–December 2011. By using an ocean-only climate model and its adjoint, the space and time origins of overturning uncertainty resulting from air–sea flux uncertainty are fully explored. Uncertainty in overturning induced by prior air–sea flux uncertainty can exceed 4 Sv (where 1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) within 15 yr, at times exceeding the amplitude of the ensemble-mean overturning anomaly. A key result is that, on average, uncertainty in the overturning at 25°N is dominated by uncertainty in the zonal wind at lags of up to 6.5 yr and by uncertainty in surface heat fluxes thereafter, with winter heat flux uncertainty over the Labrador Sea appearing to play a critically important role.
Using a Statistical Preanalysis Approach as an Ensemble Technique for the Unbiased Mapping of GCM Changes to Local Stations
Authors: Chadwick Cristián , Gironás Jorge , Vicuña Sebastián , Meza Francisco , McPhee James
Published: August 2018

Accounting for climate change, GCM-based projections and their uncertainty are relevant to study potential impacts on hydrological regimes as well as to analyze, operate, and design water infrastructure. Traditionally, several downscaled and/or bias-corrected GCM projections are individually or jointly used to map the raw GCMs’ changes to local stations and evaluate uncertainty. However, the preservation of GCMs’ statistical attributes is by no means guaranteed, and thus alternative methods to cope with this issue are needed. This work develops an ensemble technique for the unbiased mapping of GCM changes to local stations, which preserves local climate variability and the GCMs’ statistics. In the approach, trend percentiles are extracted from the GCMs to represent the range of future long-term climate conditions to which local climatic variability is added. The approach is compared against a method in which each GCM is individually used to build future climatic scenarios from which percentiles are computed. Both approaches were compared to study future precipitation conditions in three Chilean basins under future climate projections based on 45 GCM runs under the RCP8.5 scenario. Overall, the approaches produce very similar results, even if a few trend percentiles are adopted in the GCM preanalysis. In fact, using 5–10 percentiles produces a mean absolute difference of 0.4% in the estimation of the probabilities of consecutive years under different precipitation thresholds, which is ~60% less than the error obtained using the median trend. Thus, the approach successfully preserves the GCM’s statistical attributes while incorporating the range of projected climates.
Innovation, Dynamic Capabilities, and Leadership
Authors: Schoemaker Paul J. H. , Heaton Sohvi , Teece David
Published: August 2018

The world in which today’s businesses operate has become not only riskier but also more volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA). Organizations that hew too closely to traditional ways of operating will be hampered in their ability to succeed. In contrast, those that focus on new product and process developments coupled with business model innovation will leverage their dynamic capabilities. An essential overlay is entrepreneurial leadership from top management teams. Strong dynamic capabilities are impossible without it. This article examines how business model innovations, dynamic capabilities, and strategic leadership intertwine to help organizations thrive in VUCA worlds.
Disability and socio-economic impact of mental disorders in the state of Punjab, India: Findings from national mental health survey, 2015–2016
Authors: Chavan BS , Das Subhash , Garg Rohit , Puri Sonia , Banavaram Aravind BA
Published: August 2018

Background:

Mental illness results in a plethora of distressing issues, has tremendous socio-economic impact and causes socio-occupational dysfunction in the individual as well as the caregivers. There is a felt need to explore the disability caused by mental illness and the associated socio-economic impact at the population level in a developing nation like India.

Aims:

To elucidate the disability and socio-economic impact associated with mental illness at the individual and household levels for the state of Punjab in India.

Method:

This was a multisite cross-sectional study carried out during 2015–2016 (as a part of the National Mental Health Survey of India) in three districts and one urban metro area of Punjab. The sample was selected using multi-stage, stratified, random cluster sampling technique, with random selection based on Probability Proportionate to Size (PPS) at different stages. A validated set of questions was used to assess the socio-economic impact of mental illness and the Sheehan Disability Scale was used to document self-perceived disability among individuals with mental morbidity. Median (IQR) and proportions were used to summarize quantitative and qualitative data, respectively

Results:

Subjects with any mental morbidity reported disability of varying severities across different domains of life; family life was affected the most (70.1%). One in every six persons reported that their mental illness interfered with their daily activities to a large extent. Economic burden was high and a typical family would spend about INR 1500/month (US$23) towards the treatment of its member with mental morbidity. Family members had to forego their work for at least 7 days in 3 months to take care of their relative with mental illness.

Conclusion:

Mental illness causes disability in the individual and has tremendous socio-economic impact on the family, incapacitating a family’s productivity to a large extent and thus affecting the society.
Carrots, Sticks, and Insurgent Targeting of Civilians
Authors: Asal Victor , Phillips Brian J. , Rethemeyer R. Karl , Simonelli Corina , Young Joseph K.
Published: August 2018

How do conciliatory and coercive counterinsurgency tactics affect militant group violence against civilians? Scholars of civil war increasingly seek to understand intentional civilian targeting, often referred to as terrorism. Extant research emphasizes group weakness, or general state attributes such as regime type. We focus on terrorism as violent communication and as a response to government actions. State tactics toward groups, carrots and sticks, should be important for explaining insurgent terror. We test the argument using new data on terrorism by insurgent groups, with many time-varying variables, covering 1998 through 2012. Results suggest government coercion against a group is associated with subsequent terrorism by that group. However, this is only the case for larger insurgent groups, which raises questions about the notion of terrorism as a weapon of the weak. Carrots are often negatively related to group terrorism. Other factors associated with insurgent terrorism include holding territory, ethnic motivation, and social service provision.
Decellularized Swine Dental Pulp Tissue for Regenerative Root Canal Therapy
Authors: Alqahtani Q. , Zaky S.H. , Patil A. , Beniash E. , Ray H. , Sfeir C.
Published: August 2018

In the current theme of dental pulp regeneration, biological and synthetic scaffolds are becoming a potential therapy for pulp revitalization. The goal is to provide a suitable environment for cellular infiltration, proliferation, and differentiation. The extracellular matrix (ECM) represents a natural scaffold material resembling the native tissue chemical and mechanical properties. In the past few years, ECM-based scaffolds have shown promising results in terms of progenitor cells recruitment, promotion of constructive remodeling, and modulation of host response. These properties make ECM-derived scaffolds an ideal candidate for pulp regenerative therapy. Development of strategies for clinically relevant tissue engineering using dental pulp extracellular matrix (DP-ECM) can provide an alternative to conventional root canal treatment. In this work, we successfully decellularized ECM derived from porcine dental pulp. The resulting scaffold was characterized using immunostaining (collagen type I, dentin matrix protein 1, dentin sialoprotein, and Von Willebrand factor) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (transforming growth factor β, vascular endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor) for extracellular proteins where the ECM retained its proteins and significant amount of growth factors. Furthermore, a pilot in vivo study was conducted where the matrix was implanted for 8 wk in a dog root canal model. Our in vitro and preliminary in vivo data show that the decellularized ECM supports cellular infiltration together with the expression of pulp-dentin and vascular markers (DSP and CD31) compared to the controls. Herein, we show the feasibility to produce a decellularized ECM scaffold and validate the concept of using ECM-based scaffolds for pulp regeneration.
Cooperating Teacher as Model and Coach: What Leads to Student Teachers’ Perceptions of Preparedness?
Authors: Matsko Kavita Kapadia , Ronfeldt Matthew , Nolan Hillary Greene , Klugman Joshua , Reininger Michelle , Brockman Stacey L.
Published: August 2018

Drawing on survey and administrative data on cooperating teachers (CTs) and their preservice student teachers (PSTs) in Chicago Public Schools during 2014-2015, this study offers an in-depth look at reports of how CTs engage in their mentoring roles during student teaching, and their influence on PSTs. Our sample includes CTs working with PSTs from across 44 teacher preparation institutions. Central to our analysis is an exploration of CTs as both models of effective instruction and as facilitative coaches on PST development. We find that both CT roles matter—PSTs feel better prepared to teach when their CTs model effective instruction and coach by providing more instructional support, frequent and adequate feedback, collaborative activity, job-search support, and a balance of autonomy and encouragement.
The Dynamics of Message Selection in Online Political Discussion Forums: Self-Segregation or Diverse Exposure?
Authors: Song Hyunjin , Cho Jaeho , Benefield Grace A.
Published: August 2018

While the online sphere is believed to expose individuals to a wider array of viewpoints, a worry about self-reinforcing political echo chambers also persists. We join this scholarly debate by focusing on individual motives for political discussion and dyadic- and structural-level mechanisms that can drive one’s message-selection decision in online discussion settings. Using unobtrusively logged behavioral data matched with panel survey responses, our temporal exponential random graph model (TERGM) analysis indicates that message selection in online discussion settings is largely driven by the similarity of one’s candidate evaluative criteria and various endogenous structural factors, whereas the impact of overt partisan preference in shaping message selection is much more limited than is often assumed.
Super-diversity, austerity, and the production of precarity: Latin Americans in London
Authors: Berg Mette Louise
Published: August 2018

Intensified globalisation, upheaval, conflict and inequality are creating new patterns of global migration and mobility in the 21st century. As a result, the dynamics of urban diversity is changing: global cities like London are increasingly characterised by the super-diversity of their residents, including increasing complexities of legal status. ‘New’ diversity interacts with ‘old’ ethnic diversity to create complex patterns of difference, the impact of which is felt at local level, including sites of service provision. This article draws on research on barriers to service access for Latin Americans in London, to examine the intersections between super-diversity and super-austerity. Latin Americans constitute a new migrant group in London with considerable internal diversity. The article discusses the interlocking challenges they face in accessing services. I argue that focusing on barriers to service access for this particular group provides a window onto new inequalities in super-diverse austerity Britain and the production of precarity.