bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applied Multiphase Flow in Pipes and Flow Assurance: Oil and Gas Production
Authors: Al-Safran Eissa M. , Brill James P.
Published: July 2022

Applied Multiphase Flow in Pipes and Flow Assurance - Oil and Gas Production delivers the most recent advancements in multiphase flow technology while remaining easy to read and appropriate for undergraduate and graduate petroleum engineering students. Responding to the need for a more up-to-the-minute resource, this highly anticipated new book represents applications on the fundamentals with new material on heat transfer in production systems, flow assurance, transient multiphase flow in pipes and the TUFFP unified model. The complex computation procedure of mechanistic models is simplified through solution flowcharts and several example problems. Containing over 50 solved example problems and 140 homework problems, this new book will equip engineers with the skills necessary to use the latest steady-state simulators available.
Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Green Don W. , Willhite G. Paul
Published: July 2022

Building on the comprehensive, fundamental mechanisms and mathematical computations detailed in the First Edition, the new Second Edition of Enhanced Oil Recovery presents the latest insights into the applications of EOR processes, including-Field-scale thermal-recovery such as steam-assisted gravity drainage and cyclic steam stimulation-Field-scale polymer flooding including horizontal wells-Field-scale miscible-displacement processes such as CO2 miscible flooding-Laboratory-scale chemical flooding in the development and testing of surfactant formulations

An invaluable tool for petroleum engineering students, Enhanced Oil Recovery also serves as an important resource for those practicing oil recovery in the field or engaged in the design and operation of commercial projects involving enhanced-or improved-oil-recovery processes. A prior understanding of basic petrophysics, fluid properties, and material balance is recommended.
Production Logging: Theoretical and Interpretive Elements
Authors: Hill A. Daniel
Published: July 2022

Now available in a new Second Edition, Production Logging: Theoretical and Interpretive Elements is the “must have” reference for petroleum engineers faced with obtaining and interpreting production logs. Readers will learn how to determine which log or combination of logs to run, the procedures to follow to obtain the most information and how to make initial interpretations of commonly used production logs. With the changes in technology since the First Edition, a full chapter has been added on the topic of production logging in nominally horizontal wells along with new information on well completion logs.
Wireline Formation Testing: Hardware, Pressure Transient Testing, Interpretation and Sampling
Authors: Kuchuk Fikri J. , Ramakrishnan T. S. , Onur Mustafa
Published: July 2022

Delivering a comprehensive exploration of modeling through hardware, advanced formation testing, and new interpretation techniques, Wireline Formation Testing will appeal to engineers looking for a deeper understanding of the potential insights and limitations of these important computations and analytics. Since improving reservoir characterization is paramount to computing reliable predictors and uncertainties in reservoir performance, the advanced techniques presented here will help with meeting that goal. Wireline Formation Testing is the must-have resource for engineers who wish to evaluate reservoirs simultaneously with the scope of the testing results, as well as for engineering students seeking understanding of this primary source of wireline formation pressure data collection.
A model fusion method based on multi-source heterogeneous data for stock trading signal prediction
Authors: Chen Xi , Hirota Kaoru , Dai Yaping , Jia Zhiyang
Published: July 2022

In the prediction of turning points (TPs) of time series, the improved model of integrating piecewise linear representation and weighted support vector machine (IPLR-WSVM) has achieved good performance. However, due to the single data source and the limitation of algorithm, IPLR-WSVM has encountered challenges in profitability. In this paper, a model fusion method based on multi-source heterogeneous data and different learning algorithms is proposed for the prediction of TPs (MF-MSHD). Multi-source heterogeneous data include weighted unstructured and structured information with different granularities. RF, WSVM, BPNN, GBDT, and LSTM are selected to be the learning algorithms. The differences among meta-models are constructed by different inputs and algorithms as much as possible, and a model fusion rule is designed to determine the final TPs. Moreover, the TPs are generated based on the characteristics of individual stock. For sentiment analysis, a more accurate sentiment dictionary of stock market comments is established. Specifically, the fine-grained data is introduced to jointly determine the accurate trading moment. The prediction level of the proposal improves the accuracy and profitability, and also outperforms the composite indexes. Experimental results show that the profit rate of randomly selected stocks in MF-MSHD reaches 0.5172, while the highest value is 0.2841 in single meta-model and 0.0992 in buy and hold strategy, respectively. The other indicators including the accuracy are also modified. Compared with the increases of 0.1648, 0.4051, and 0.3397 in Shanghai Composite Index, Shenzhen Composite Index, and CSI 300 Index, MF-MSHD shows higher profitability in stock trading signal prediction.
Engagement of Community Health Workers to Improve Immunization Coverage Through Addressing Inequities and Enhancing Data Quality and Use is a Feasible and Effective Approach: A Case of Uganda
Authors: Bakkabulindi Pamela , Ampeire Immaculate , Ayebale Lillian , Feletto Marta , Muhumuza Simon
Published: July 2022

Background: The availability, reliability and quality of immunization data is critical to the success of any immunization program. Poor quality data result into unreliable projections, planning, and programmatic implementation, which ultimately undermine immunization investments. Uganda, like many other developing countries, faces challenges of unreliable estimates for her immunization target population. Strengthening immunization data quality and use for improving immunization program performance are critical steps towards improving coverage and equity of immunization programs.The goal of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using community health workers (CHWs) to obtain quality and reliable data that can be used for planning and evidence-based response actions. Methods: A three phased cluster randomized trial in which 5 health facilities were randomized in two groups to (i) receive a package of interventions including monthly health unit immunization data audit meetings, and defaulter tracking and linkage through home visits; and (ii) to serve as a control group between July and September 2020 was conducted. Immunization coverage in both arms was determined before and after the interventions. In addition, key informant and in-depth interviews were conducted to explore the feasibility of the interventions. Results: Overall, a total of 2,048 eligible children were registered by CHWs which compares to the district estimated population of 1,889. The study further showed that it is feasible to use CHWs to track and link defaulters to points of services: More than two thirds (68%) of the defaulters were tracked and linked to immunization services. Immunization coverage for specific antigens was significantly higher in the intervention health facilities as compared to that in the control health facilities: DPT3 95.6% vs 88.4% (p=0.004); MR 88.9% vs 81.9% (p=0.048); BCG 81.4% vs 55.5% (p<0.001); OPV3 93.9% vs 87.1% (p=0.014); PCV3 95.0% vs 88.4% (p=0.011); and Rota2 92.8% vs 84.5% (p=0.006).Conclusion: Use of CHWs to obtain reliable population estimates is feasible and can be useful in areas with consistent poor immunization coverage to estimate target population. Facilitating monthly health unit immunization data audit meetings to identify, track and link defaulters to immunization services is effective in increasing immunization coverage and equity.
Structure of the Human Primosome Elongation Complex
Authors: Lim Ci Ji , He Qixiang , Baranovskiy Andrey , Morstadt Lucia , Lisova Alisa , Babayeva Nigar , Lusk Benjamin , Tahirov Tahir
Published: July 2022

The synthesis of RNA-DNA primer by primosome requires coordination between primase and DNA polymerase α subunits, which is accompanied by unknown architectural rearrangements of multiple domains. Using cryogenic-electron microscope, we solved a 3.6 Å human primosome structure caught at an early stage of RNA primer elongation with deoxynucleotides. The structure confirms a long-standing role of primase large subunit and reveals new insights into how primosome is limited to synthesizing short RNA-DNA primers.
Effectiveness of eHealth Weight Management Interventions in Overweight and Obese Adults from Low Socioeconomic Groups: A Systematic Review
Authors: Myers-Ingram Richard , Sampford Jade , Milton-Cole Rhian , Jones Gareth David
Published: July 2022

Background
Low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with increased rates of overweight and obesity. Proponents of electronic health (eHealth) hypothesise that its inclusion in weight management interventions can improve efficacy by mitigating typical barriers associated with low SES.
Objectives
To establish the scope of eHealth weight management interventions for people with overweight and obesity from a low SES. Secondary objectives were to determine the efficacy of eHealth interventions in facilitating weight loss, physical activity, and fitness improvements.
Methods
Four databases and grey literature were systematically searched to identify eligible studies published in English from inception to May 2021. Studies examining an eHealth intervention with low SES participants were included. Outcomes included temporal change in weight and BMI, anthropometry, and physical activity levels. The number and heterogeneity of studies precluded any meta-analyses, thus a narrative review was undertaken.
Results
Four experimental studies with low risk of bias were reviewed. There was variance in how SES was defined. Study aims and eHealth media also varied and included reducing/maintaining weight or increasing physical activity using interactive websites or voice responses, periodic communication and discourse via telephone, social media, text messaging, or eNewsletters. Irrespectively, all studies reported short-term weight loss. eHealth interventions also increased short-term physical activity levels where it was assessed, but did not change anthropometry. None reported any effect on physical fitness.
Conclusions
This review revealed short-term effects of eHealth interventions on weight loss for low SES participants. Inter-study comparison is challenging because of considerable variability. Future work should prioritise how to utilise eHealth in the longer-term either as a supportive public health measure or by determining its long-term efficacy in engendering volitional health behaviour changes.
Trial Registration
PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42021243973 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021243973)
Adaptive Dynamic Surface Control for a Class of Time Delay Nonlinear Systems with Extreme Learning Machine
Authors: jingyang zhu , shurong li , zhe liu
Published: July 2022

This paper is aimed at investigating the problem of adaptive track- ing control for a class of strict-feedback nonlinear systems with unknown ex- ternal disturbance and time delay. First of all, the original system state equa- tion is transformed into a new form of state equation by coordinate trans- formation. In the next part, extreme learning machine is applied to approx- imate the unknown functions which exist in the whole system states. Based on this, adaptive dynamic surface controller is invented to cope with the dif- ferential explosion problem. In addition, the combination of the control law and the compensation signal of the filter improves the accuracy performance. Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional is introduced to handle the influence of time delay successfully. Subsequently, all signals of the whole closed-loop system can be ultimately uniformly bounded through a series of proofs. In the end, simulation examples are presented to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
The prevalence of violence and its association with mental health among the Iranian population in one year after the outbreak of COVID-19 disease
Authors: Kamali Koorosh , Maleki Azam , Yazdi Seyed Abbas Bagheri , Faghihzadeh Elham , Hoseinzade Zarrintaj , Hajibabaei Marzieh , Sharafi Seyedeh Elham , Noorbala Ahmad Ali
Published: July 2022

Objective The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of violence and its association with mental health among Iranians older than 15 years in 2020.Methods Data was collected through National Mental Health Survey on 24,584 Iranians older than 15 years in 2020. were analyzed to determine the prevalence of violence and its association with mental health. Multi-stage sampling method was used, and data on demographic characteristics and domestic-social violence and mental health (GHQ-28) were collected. Data analysis was administered using descriptive statistics and chi-square test at 95% level.Results The mean age of participants was 44.18±16.4 years. The overall prevalence of domestic and social violence was 11.4% and 5.5%, respectively. Verbal violence was the most common type; 61.8% and 66.8% for domestic and social violence, respectively. A suspected case of mental disorder, female gender, being younger than 25 years, living apart together, unemployment, low education, and history of COVID-19 infection presented a significant association with domestic and social violence (p>0.05).Conclusion In comparison to the previous study in 2015, the prevalence of violence has increased. Therefore, domestic and social violence are the social concerns of Iranian society, indicating the necessity of appropriate interventions, particularly for those suspected of mental disorders and young women with low education levels.
The hemisphere of the brain in which a stroke has occurred visible in the heart rate variability
Authors: Aftyka Joanna , Staszewski Jacek , Żebrowski Jan , Dębiec Aleksander , Pogoda-Wesołowska Aleksandra , Kowalska Agata , Jankowska Anna
Published: July 2022

Objective: Can the localization of an ischemic stroke in the hemisphere of the brain be assessed on the basis of the heart rate variability? Is there a difference in heart rate variability between people with right hemisphere stroke and people with left hemisphere stroke? Methods: 24h analysis of RR intervals of people in the acute phase of stroke. The research group consisted of 25 people after ischemic stroke of the right hemisphere and 39 people after ischemic stroke of the left hemisphere. Standard linear methods were used to analyze heart rate variability in the time and frequency domains, as well as nonlinear methods - Sample Entropy, Detrended Fluctuation Analysis and asymmetry measures. Results: Statistically significant results between right and left hemispheric stroke subjects are shown for the pNN50(p-value=0.028) and Sample Entropy (p-value=0.010). The results for the RMSSD (0.052) are also close to statistical significance. People with a right hemisphere stroke are characterized by reduced parasympathetic activity and a lower complexity of heart rate variability compared to the group of people with left hemispheric ischemic stroke. Conclusion: Based on the heart rate variability in the acute phase of an ischemic stroke, it is possible to determine the location of the stroke in the right brain hemisphere or the left brain hemisphere.
Water Hyacinth Leaf Protein Concentrate Composites for Removal of Hexavalent Chromium
Authors: Taye Asmamaw , Yifru Alemayehu , Mehretie Solomon , Getachew Negash , Admassie Shimelis
Published: July 2022

Water Hyacinth Leaf Protein Concentrate/Graphene Oxide/Chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (WHLPC/GO/CS/PVA) composite was synthesized for the removal of Cr (VI) from wastewater. About 80% of the prepared composite material constitutes WHLPC which is extracted from water hyacinth plant leaf. The prepared material was characterized by FT-IR and XRD. The process variables such as pH, contact time, dosage, initial Cr (VI) concentration, and temperature were optimized using a batch mode experiment. Kinetic studies were conducted using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models and it was observed that the chemosorptive pseudo-second-order model described the adsorption system in a better way, with a high value of R2. The highest adsorption capacity of 202.59 mg/g was achieved at pH 1.0, and equilibrium was achieved within 330 min. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were analyzed using non-linear fitting. It was found that the Langmuir model gives the best fit indicating monolayer adsorption of Cr (VI) on the WHLPC/GO/CS/PVA. The reuse efficiency of the synthesized material was also found to be greater than 65% for five consecutive cycles. Thermodynamic studies were conducted and results revealed that the adsorption was natural and endothermic.
In-situ polymerization of low-dielectric fluorinated nano carbon/polyimide composites with low-temperature curable property
Authors: Zhang Jialin , Sui Yuying , Li Jinhui , Shan Liang , Niu Fangfang , Zhang Guoping , Sun Rong
Published: July 2022

One challenge in advanced dielectric material of polyimides (PIs) is to obtain the excellent mechanical, thermal, and dielectric properties at low imidization temperature for fan-out wafer level package in 5G high-frequency communication. In this work, 6-aminoquinoline (AQL) is introduced through covalent bonds to obtain a low-temperature curable PI at first. The results demonstrate that with few addition (2.76%) of AQL, the imidization index could reach as high as 1.01 at 200 oC. Then, fluorinated nano carbon (FC) is further introduced by in situ polymerization resulting in the fluorinated nano carbon/polyimide (FCPI) composites, which effectively reduces the dielectric constant (1wt%, 2.75 @ 1MHz). Besides, the as-prepared FCPIs also possess excellent thermal property, especially when the addition amount is 0.3wt%, the 5% weight loss temperature could be as high as 540 oC and the glass transition temperature is 385 oC. Furthermore, the tensile strength of the film is 127 MPa, the elongation at break is around 15.82%, and the Youngs’ modulus is about 3.10 GPa. So, the successful preparation of the FCPI nanocomposites not only possess low-temperature curing and low-dielectric performance but also exhibit excellent thermal and mechanical properties, which shows a wide range of application prospects in the field of microelectronics for the advanced electronic package.
Adaptive multiple estimation fault-tolerant control for teleoperation systems with deferred time-varying output constraints
Authors: Li Longnan , Liu Zhengxiong , Guo Shaofan , Ma Zhiqiang , Yu Jianhui , Huang Panfeng
Published: July 2022

This study investigates the synchronization tracking problem for a class of nonlinear teleoperation systems subjected to time-varying output constraints and actuator failures. The shifting function and the asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function are employed to ensure that the system's output constraints are satisfied regardless of whether the initial condition is within the constraint boundary or not. As a result, the strict assumption in most references dealing with constraint issues is effectively removed. Meanwhile, multiple estimation techniques involving neural networks and disturbance observers are utilized to approximate actuator failures and lumped uncertainty of the teleoperation system. Following this, an adaptive multiple estimation fault-tolerant control scheme is proposed to achieve synchronization tracking of teleoperation systems. Finally, simulations and experiments are implemented to verify the feasibility and availability of the proposed control scheme with the teleoperation platform composed of two Phantom Omni 3D Touch robots.
Tailoring flow behavior and heat transfer in tempering channels for high pressure die casting – Analysis of potentials of commercial static mixers and prospects of additive manufacturing
Authors: Sode Marco , Kahlert Moritz , Arold Tizian , Fros Adam Peter , Vollmer Malte , Niendorf Thomas , Fehlbier Martin
Published: July 2022

High Pressure Die Casting (HPDC) is an economic manufacturing processes for production of complex, multifunctional and thin-walled metal components with near-net-shape geometries. During die filling and subsequent solidification of the component in the die, efficient and robust control of temperature is of utmost importance. This is mostly achieved by fluid-based temperature control systems. Eventually, the heat transfer between the fluid and the die determines total cycle times. In present work the impact of static mixers and most relevant processing conditions is investigated experimentally as well by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. Static mixer elements are integrated into straight tempering channels to stimulate turbulences of the flowing tempering medium and, eventually, increase the heat transfer coefficient α. In a second step, prospects related to additive manufacturing (AM) of moulds by means of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB) are detailed and discussed. The unprecedented design freedom of AM opens up numerous possibilities for positioning the static mixer elements, as highlighted for helical mixers in tempering channels of HPDC die casting moulds made of AISI H13 (X40CrMoV5-1, 1.2344). Obviously, in recent years AM already has been exploited to establish near-contour temperature control systems in industrial applications, i.e., for conformal cooling. However, the flow-influencing mixing elements investigated in the present work have not been considered so far. As will be highlighted by the results presented, a positive impact on heat transfer and, thus, further increase in terms of the economic efficiency of the HPDC process arises from the concepts introduced.
A robustness-improved image encryption scheme utilizing Life-liked cellular automaton
Authors: Lv Wenrui , Chen Junxin , Chai Xiuli , Fu Chong
Published: July 2022

Image encryption is considered as an effective method to protect image against revealing. As a discrete dynamic system, the Life-liked cellular automaton (CA) has good chaotic performance, and has been applied for image encryption. This paper propose a robust block encryption scheme, based on reversible Life-liked CA with balanced rule. The proposed method adopts classic confusion-diffusion structure on block level, while adopts reversible Life-liked CA on pixel level. An effect permutation method is developed to reduce the iteration rounds of whole system, while the diffusion module adopts reversible Life-liked CA with balanced rule to encrypt the blocks to noise-like signals. Performance analyses show the proposed scheme have good cryptographic features, satisfactory security for defeating common attacks, and robustness to resist data loss and random noise.
Variable selection and identification of high dimensional nonparametric nonlinear systems based on directional regression
Authors: Sun Bing , Cai Q. Y. , Peng Z. K. , Cheng Changming , Wang F. , Zhang H. Z.
Published: July 2022

This paper studies variable selection problems for high dimensional nonlinear nonparametric systems. Based on directional regression, one new variable selection approach is proposed, which is not affected by the curse of dimensionality that traditional variable selection approaches usually exist. In addition, since indicators for redundant variables aren’t exact zero’s, it is difficult to decide variables whether are redundant or not when the indicators are small. This is critical in the variable selection problem because the variable is either selected or unselected. To solve this problem, a penalty optimization algorithm is proposed to ensure the convergence of the set. Simulation and experimental research verify the effectiveness of the variable selection method proposed in this paper.
Procalcitonin in early allograft dysfunction after orthotopic liver transplantation: A retrospective single centre study
Authors: Frick Katja , Beller Elisabeth Anna , Kalisvaart Marit , Dutkowski Philipp , Schüpbach Reto Andreas , Klinzing Stephanie
Published: July 2022

Background
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the pathophysiological hallmark of hepatic dysfunction after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Related to IRI, early allograft dysfunction (EAD) after OLT affects short- and long-term outcome. During inflammatory states, the liver seems to be the main source of procalcitonin (PCT), which has been shown to increase independently of bacterial infection. This study investigates the association of PCT, IRI and EAD as well as the predictive value of PCT during the first postoperative week in terms of short- and long-term outcome after OLT.
Methods
Patients > 18 years undergoing OLT between January 2016 and April 2020 at the University Hospital of Zurich were eligible for this retrospective study. Patients with incomplete PCT data on postoperative days (POD) 1 + 2 or combined liver-kidney transplantation were excluded. The PCT course during the first postoperative week, its association with EAD, defined by the criteria of Olthoff, and IRI, defined as aminotransferase level > 2000 IU/L within 2 PODs, were analysed. Finally, 90-day as well as 12-month graft and patient survival were assessed.
Results
Of 234 patients undergoing OLT, 110 patients were included. Overall, EAD and IRI patients had significantly higher median PCT values on POD 2 (31.3 (9.7–53.8) mcg/l vs. 11.1 (5.3–25.0) mcg/l; p < 0.001 and 27.7 (9.7–51.9) mcg/l vs. 11.5 (5.5–25.2) mcg/l; p < 0.001) and impaired 90-day graft survival (79.2% vs. 95.2%; p = 0.01 and 80.4% vs. 93.8%; p = 0.033). IRI patients with PCT < 15 mcg/l on POD 2 had reduced 90-day graft and patient survival (57.9% vs. 93.8%; p = 0.001and 68.4% vs. 93.8%; p = 0.008) as well as impaired 12-month graft and patient survival (57.9% vs. 96.3%; p = 0.001 and 68.4% vs. 96.3%; p = 0.008), while the outcome of IRI patients with PCT > 15 mcg/l on POD 2 was comparable to that of patients without IRI/EAD.
Conclusion
Generally, PCT is increased in the early postoperative phase after OLT. Patients with EAD and IRI have a significantly increased PCT maximum on POD 2, and impaired 90-day graft survival. PCT measurement may have potential as an additional outcome predictor in the early phase after OLT, as in our subanalysis of IRI patients, PCT values < 15 mcg/l were associated with impaired outcome.
Continuous fixed-time convergent synchronization of perturbed non-identical chaotic transducers
Authors: Padar Naser , Mirzaei Mohammad Javad , Asadollahi Mostafa , Suratgar Amir Abolfazl
Published: July 2022

In this paper, a continuous terminal sliding mode control (SMC) design is used to address the problem of synchronizing two chaotic electrostatic and electromechanical transducers. Recently, fixed-time convergence has received increased attention among scholars. The convergence time with this type of controller has an upper bound independent of the initial conditions. In this regard, two fixed-time sliding manifolds are proposed. Then a robust SMC control is proposed to steer the error-states onto the sliding manifolds despite the external disturbances and model imperfections. Due to its dynamical structure, the suggested controller is chatter-free, an important condition in many practical applications. A proof of convergence is presented for the proposed controller. Finally, a comparison of the proposed method with existing methods demonstrates its superiority.
Effect of buried depth and distance change on the seismic response of adjacent structures
Authors: Shamsa Mahboobeh , Fayouz Alireza , Shamsa Maryam
Published: July 2022

In this paper, the effect of buried depth and distance change on the seismic response of adjacent structures will be investigated. This is done first by changing the height of the buried depth of the structures and in the next step by changing the distance between the structures. The purpose of this study is to find out what changes in the seismic response of the structures during the earthquake, affect the buried depth of adjacent structures and also change the distance between the structures. The structures are considered the same in terms of materials and height, and the buried depth of both structures changes with each other and is the same. The finite element method has been used for soil and structure modeling. The validity of this research has been shown by the cases examined in the laboratory and compared with the software solutions. The experiments show the interaction of the soil structure with increasing the buried depth initially reduces the maximum displacement of the structure compared to the interaction of the soil structure on the ground, but by increasing the buried depth the maximum displacement of the structure increases. Further, the interaction of the soil structure with increasing the buried increases the distance between structures and increases the maximum displacement of the structure. The results presented in this paper can be used as a source for future studies on soil and structural issues.
Time-reversal symmetry breaking in charge density wave of CsV3Sb5 detected by polar Kerr effect
Authors: Hu Yajian , Yamane Soichiro , Mattoni Giordano , Yada Kanae , Obata Keito , Li Yongkai , Yao Yugui , Wang Zhiwei , Wang Jingyuan , Farhang Camron , Xia Jing , Maeno Yoshiteru , Yonezawa Shingo
Published: July 2022

The Kagome lattice exhibits rich quantum phenomena owing to its unique geometric properties. Appealing realizations are the Kagome metals AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, Cs), where unconventional charge density wave (CDW) is intertwined with superconductivity and non-trivial band topology. Several experiments suggest that this CDW is a rare occurrence of chiral CDW characterized by orbital loop current. However, key evidences of loop current, spontaneous time-reversal symmetry-breaking (TRSB) and the coupling of its order parameter with magnetic field remain elusive. Here, we investigate the CDW in CsV3Sb5 by polar Kerr effect. Under magnetic field, we observed a jump of the Kerr angle at the CDW transition. This jump is magnetic-field switchable and scales with field, indicating magneto-chirality coupling related to non-trivial band topology. At zero field, we found non-zero and field-trainable Kerr angle below TCDW, signaling spontaneous TRSB. Our results provide a crucial step to unveil quantum phenomena in correlated Kagome materials.
To bait or not to bait? Optimizing the use of adult mosquito traps for monitoring arbovirus vector populations in La Réunion Island
Authors: Claudel Iris , Brouazin Ronan , Lancelot Renaud , Gouagna Louis-Clément , Dupraz Marlène , Baldet Thierry , Bouyer Jérémy
Published: July 2022

Competent arbovirus vectors are found in the culicid mosquito fauna of south-west Indian Ocean (SWIO) islands. In La Réunion Island, Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are known vectors of dengue and chikungunya viruses. Culex quinquefasciatus is a potential vector of Rift Valley fever and West Nile viruses. To prepare a vector-control field trial against Ae. aegypti, this study aimed at identifying the best baiting scheme to catch adult Ae. aegypti, using BG-Sentinel™ traps (Biogents). It was implemented in two sites in southern La Réunion Island. Catches of Ae. albopictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes were also recorded. A Latin square design was used to estimate the detection probability and the apparent daily density - according to the BG-sentinel trap baiting scheme: none, carbon dioxide (CO2), a commercial attractant - BG-Lure™ (Biogents), or both. The use of CO2 alone was associated with a higher detection probability for Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes, as well as a large increase in their apparent density. Traps with BG-Lure - alone or in combination with CO2, did not improve the detection probability of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. The same result was found for male Ae. albopictus. For females, baiting BG traps with CO2or BG-Lure had no significant effect. The same apparent densities were found for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes in both study sites - where Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were found at very low densities during previous surveys.
ESR Spectroscopy of Temperature Accessible Lowest Triplet States of Biology Active Electron-Rich 1,10- Phenanthrocyanines of d-Elements (Soft Colloidal Glasses)
Authors: Demidov Viktor N. , Sukharzhevsky Stanislav M. , Pakhomova Tatiana B. , Ivanova Alexandra G. , Shilova Olga A. , Paston Sofia V. , Sharoyko Vladimir V. , Zinchenko Andrey V. , Bogomolova Evgenia V.
Published: July 2022

Temperature accessible lowest electronic triplet biradical states of new metal 1,10-phenanthrocyani-nes were investigated by ESR spectroscopy. These are coordination compounds of a new structural class of cyanines: nanosize chromophore binuclear cation complexes of d-elements [Mz+Ln(µ-PC)]2Xn (Mz+=Zn2+, Cd2+, Pd2+and Pt2+; L=1,10-phen, py, AcO-; X=AcO-, Cl-) with electron-rich 1,10-phenanthrocyanine ligands. They are presented as redox-sensitive polymorphic soft collo-idal glasses capable of acting as inhibitors of tumor cell proliferation, environmentally friendly fun-gicides and DNA complexones related with NADH. The study of them by ESR spectroscopy sho-wed that one of the possible detailed mechanisms of the formation of triplet states in the processes of thermo-directed singlet-triplet S0→Tlow.-transitions consists in thermally activation of rotation around the sesquialteral C—C bond dihydro-1,10-phenanthroline and 1,10-phenanthroline frag-ments in the bridged chromophore system of compounds.
A persistent prefrontal reference frame across time and task rules
Authors: Muysers Hannah , Chen Hung-Ling , Sauer Jonas-Frederic , Bartos Marlene
Published: July 2022

Behavior can be remarkably consistent, even over extended time periods, yet whether this is reflected in stable or ‘drifting’ neuronal responses to task features remains controversial. We find a persistently active ensemble of neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of mice that reliably maintains trajectory-specific tuning over several weeks of performance in an olfaction-guided spatial memory task. The spatial map is stabilized during learning, upon which repeatedly active neurons show little representational drift and maintain their spatial tuning across long pauses in task exposure and across repeated changes in cue-target location pairings. These data thus suggest a ‘core ensemble’ of prefrontal neurons forming a reference frame of task-relevant space for the performance of consistent behavior over extended periods of time.
Sustainable Synthesis of Graphene Sand Composite from Waste Cooking Oil for Dye Removal
Authors: Sani Nor Syazwani Abdullah , Ang Wei Lun , Mohammad Abdul Wahab , mahmoudi Ebrahim Mahmoudi
Published: July 2022

Waste cooking oil (WCO) appears to be a potential carbonaceous source for the synthesis of graphene sand composite (GSC) adsorbent in removing pollutants. This study presents a green synthesis method of GSC using WCO as a sustainable carbon source for the synthesis of GSC through the thermal graphitization method. Characterization analysis conducted on GSCWCO verified the successful coating of WCO onto sand surface and conversion to graphene, which possessed distinct functional groups and features of graphene materials. GSCWCO adsorbent effectiveness in removing Congo Red dye through batch adsorption was studied under the influence of different initial concentrations, and the optimum pH, contact time, and temperature were investigated. The highest pollutant removal was achieved at an initial dye concentration of 20 mg L-1, 1.0 g of adsorbent dosage, a temperature of 25℃, and 150 min of contact time. The GSCWCO exhibited the maximum capacity of 5.52 mg g-1, was well-fitted to the Freundlich isotherm model, and had an adsorption mechanism that followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The regeneration of GSCWCO adsorbent declined after four cycles, possibly due to the chemisorption of dyes with GSC that resulted in inefficient adsorption. Being a waste-to-wealth product, GSCWCO possessed a great potential to be used for water treatment and simultaneously benefited the environment through the effort to reduce the excessive discharge of WCO.
Lymphotoxin-α orchestrate hypoxic and immune factors to induces Experimental Cerebral Malaria-Inhibition mitigates pathogenesis, neurodegeneration and increases survival
Authors: Eeka Prabhakar , Phanithi Prakash Babu
Published: July 2022

Knockdown studies have shown lymphotoxin-α (Lt-α) as a critical molecule for Experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) pathogenesis. We investigated the role of lymphotoxin-α in regulating active caspase-3 and calpain1. T cell infiltration into the brains, and subsequent neuronal cell death are the essential features of Plasmodium berghei ANKA(PbA) induced ECM in C57BL/6 mice. Our results showed increased Lt-α levels during ECM. Treatment of naïve mice with serum from ECM mice and exogenous Lt-α was lethal. We inhibited Lt-α in vivo during PbA infection by injecting the mice with anti-Lt-α antibody. Inhibition of Lt-α mitigated neuronal cell death and increased mice's survival until 30 days post-infection (p.i) compared to only 15 days survival of PbA control mice.
Genetic immune escape landscape in primary and metastatic cancer
Authors: Cuppen Edwin , Martinez-Jimenez Francisco , Priestley Peter , Shale Charles , Baber Jonathan , Rozemuller Erik
Published: July 2022

Immune surveillance escape is a hallmark of tumorigenesis1. Multiple studies have characterized the immune escape landscape across several untreated early-stage primary cancer types2–4. However, whether late-stage treated metastatic tumors present differences in genetic immune escape (GIE) prevalence and dynamics remains unclear. Here, we performed a pan-cancer characterization of GIE prevalence across six immune escape pathways in 6,457 uniformly processed Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) tumor samples including 58 cancer types from 1,943 primary untreated patients and 4,514 metastatic patients. To effectively address the complexity of the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA-I) locus and to characterize its tumor status, we developed LILAC, an open-source integrative framework. We demonstrate that one in four tumors harbor GIE alterations, with high mechanistic and frequency variability across cancer types. GIE prevalence is highly consistent between primary and metastatic tumors for most cancer types with few exceptions such as prostate and thyroid carcinomas that have increased immune evasion frequencies in metastatic tumors. Positive selection analysis revealed that GIE alterations are frequently selected for in tumor evolution and that focal LOH of HLA-I, unlike non-focal LOH of HLA-I, tends to lose the HLA allele that presents the largest neoepitope repertoire. We also unraveled tumor genomic features contributing to immune escape incidence, including DNA repair deficiency, APOBEC activity, tobacco associated mutation load and viral DNA integration. Finally, there is a strong tendency for mid and high tumor mutation burden (TMB) tumors to preferentially select LOH of HLA-I for GIE whereas hypermutated samples favor global immune evasion strategies. Our results indicate that genetic immune escape is generally a pre-metastatic event during tumor evolution and that tumors adapt different strategies depending on their neoepitope burden.
Effect of slightly elevated progesterone on HCG trigger day on pregnancy outcomes of fresh single blastocyst transfer cycles under an early follicular phase prolonged protocol cycle
Authors: Wei Longlong , Zhao Yan , Xu Chunyu , Zhang Cuilian
Published: July 2022

Background
The effect of premature P elevation on assisted reproductive technology outcomes has historically been a matter of some debate. In previous studies, there were conflicting results regarding the impact of elevated progesterone on pregnancy outcomes in different ovarian stimulation protocols, different ovarian response and embryos transferred. In addition, most studies have focused on significantly elevated progesterone levels, such as above 1.5ng/ml, 1.75ng/ml, or even 2ng/ml. However, few studies have focused on slightly elevated progesterone level, and many scholars have previously concluded that it has no adversely effect on pregnancy outcomes.
Methods
Clinical data of patients were collected who underwent early follicular phase prolonged protocol cycle IVF/ICSI-ET treatment. The women were divided into two groups according to the progesterone level on HCG trigger day : Group 1:<1.0ng/ml; Group 2: 1.0ng/ml-1.5ng/ml. Differences in baseline characteristics, ovulation promotion situation and embryo culture were compared between the two cohorts. After adjusting for confounding factors using multivariate logistic regression analysis, the clinical pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups.
Results
A total of 743 subjects were included in this study, of which 587 were included in Group 1 and 156 were included in Group 2. In terms of pregnancy outcome, Group 2 had a significantly lower clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate per cycle than Group 1 (64.1% vs 75.7%, P < 0.05; 63.5% vs 72.7%, P < 0.05). After correcting for female BMI, total dose of Gn, days of stimulation, et al using multivariate logistic regression analysis, slightly elevated progesterone levels (P > 1.0ng/ml) remained a risk factor for pregnancy failure in fresh single D5 blastocyst transfer under an early follicular phase prolonged protocol cycle.
Conclusion
The slightly elevation progesterone level on the HCG trigger day may have a negative effect on the clinical pregnancy in early follicular phase prolonged protocol cycles, even in ETs with a good prognosis.
Step-wise management of anaemia in people with chronic kidney disease in primary care: qualitative study
Authors: Delanerolle Gayathri , Forbes Anna , Vlymen Jeremy , Gallagher Hugh , Cole Nicholas , Hassan Simon , Tahir Mohammad , Bankhead Clare , Chan Tom , Swift Pauline A , Suckling Rebecca , Joy Mark , de Lusignan Simon
Published: July 2022

Background Anaemia is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and reduced quality of life, but is often sub-optimally managed. Most patients are managed in primary care alongside other comorbidities. Interventions to improve the management of anaemia in CKD in this setting are needed.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study to evaluate how an audit-based education (ABE) intervention might improve the management of anaemia in CKD. We explored outcomes that would be relevant to practitioners and patients, that exposed variation of practice from National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines, and whether the intervention was feasible and acceptable. ResultsPractitioners (n=5 groups) and patients (n=7) from four London general practices participated in discussions. Practitioners welcomed the evidence-based step-wise intervention. However, prescribing erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) was felt to be outside of their scope of practice. There was a gap between NICE guidance and clinical practice in primary care. Iron studies were not well understood and anaemia management was often conservative or delayed. Patients were often unaware of having CKD, and were more concerned about their other comorbidities, but largely trusted their GPs to manage them appropriately. ConclusionsThe first steps of the intervention were welcomed by practitioners, but they expressed concerns about independently prescribing ESAs. Renal physicians and GPs could develop shared care protocols for ESA use in primary care. There is scope to improve awareness of renal anaemia, and enhance knowledge of guideline recommendations; and our intervention should be modified accordingly.
Using root economics traits to predict plant soil-feedbacks
Authors: Rutten Gemma , Allan Eric
Published: July 2022

Plant-soil feedbacks have been recognised as playing a key role in a range of ecological processes, including succession, invasion, species coexistence and population dynamics. However, there is substantial variation between species in the strength of plant-soil feedbacks and predicting this variation remains challenging. Here, we propose an original concept to predict the outcome of plant-soil feedbacks. We hypothesize that plants with different root traits culture different proportions of pathogens and mutualists and this contributes to differences in performance between home soils (cultured by conspecifics) versus away soils (cultured by heterospecifics). We use the recently described root economics spectrum, which identifies two gradients in root traits. A conservation gradient distinguishes fast vs. slow species, and from the growth defence theory we predict that these species culture different amounts of pathogens in their soils. A collaboration gradient distinguishes species that associate with mycorrhizae to outsource soil nutrient acquisition vs. those which use a “do it yourself” strategy and capture nutrients without mycorrhizae. We provide a framework, which predicts that the strength and direction of feedback between a pair of species is determined by the functional distance between them along each axis. We then use data from two case studies to show how to apply the framework, by analysing the response of plant-soil feedbacks to measures of distance and position along each axis and find support for our predictions. Finally, we highlight further areas where our framework could be developed and propose study designs that would help to fill current research gaps.
Non-linear stability of triangular equilibrium points in non-resonance case with perturbations
Authors: Yousuf Saleem , Kishor Ram
Published: July 2022

Since, the normal forms of the Hamiltonian function are very crucial to know about the non-linear stability property of a dynamical system in the vicinity of invariant objects. The present study deals with the normalisation of Hamiltonian for the non-linear stability analysis in non-resonance case of the triangular equilibrium points in the perturbed restricted three body problem with perturbation factors as radiation pressure due to first oblate-radiating primary, albedo from second oblate primary, oblateness and a disc. The problem is formulated with these perturbations and Hamiltonian of the problem is normalised up to fourth order by Lie transform technique consequently a Birkhoff's normal form of the Hamiltonian is obtained. The Arnold-Moser theorem is verified for the non-linear stability test of the triangular equilibrium points in non-resonance case with the assumed perturbations. It is found that in the presence of radiation pressure, stability range expanded, significantly with respect to the classical range of stability however, because of albedo, oblateness and the disc, it contracted gradually. Moreover, it is observed that alike to the classical problem, in the perturbed problem under the impact of the assumed perturbations, there always exist one or more values of the mass ratio $\mu$ within the stability range at which discriminant $D_4=0$, which means the triangular equilibrium points are unstable in non-linear sense. Thus, it is concluded that presence of perturbations in the problem disturb not only the non-linear stability property but also the stability range. This study is limited to first order effect of the perturbing parameters, which may help to study the more generalised forms of the problem.