bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated Scheduling of Container Terminal Process Based on CIMS
Authors: Huang Xiao Ling , Ji Ming Jun
Published: June 2011

Container Terminal Scheduling System is a random, dynamic, nonlinear complex systems. How to schedule in order to achieve MES seamless connectivity for management system and control system, which is reseach focus of MES currently. Aiming at the production process and production management features for container terminal, a thorough research on CIMS of container terminal enterprise is taken, the relationships of information exchange that among the plan layer, the execution layer and control layer are analyzed. On the basis of control theory and system engineering theory, and viewpoint of process control, a closed MES control system is build. It is established step by step to achieve seamless integration MES by intelligent modeling and control compensation of scheduling. A new and original way for realizing accurate and transparency management in the production process and production optimization is provided.
Research on Motion Analysis and Embedded Control System of Search-Rescue Robot
Authors: Wang Peng , Xin Jing Lei , Kang Shao Chen , Jiang Wen Hao , Li Xin
Published: June 2011

In order to improve the motion quality of the search-rescue robot, the new hexapod robot system is proposed in this paper. Based on the completed system hardware design and implementing scheme, embedded system software initialization design is realized. Through the improved kinematics analysis method, a simulation model of hexapod search-rescue robot is established in ADAMS. The experiment result shows that the whole robot is flexible and powerful.
Research on Walking Stability of Quadruped Search-Rescue Robot
Authors: Wang Peng , Li Xin , Jiang Wen Hao , Kang Shao Chen , Xin Jing Lei
Published: June 2011

The search and rescue robot has the characteristics of quadruped walking machine. A simulation model of quadruped search-rescue robot is established in ADAMS, and the kinetics equation is analyzed using Lagrange theory. The walking characteristics and stability evaluation of the system are observed using the simulation model established. Simulation results show that the walking stability of the system is closed related to the length of stride.
Intermittent Fault Diagnosis Method of Power System Based on HMM-SVM Characteristics
Authors: Wu Xiao Juan , Zhang Bao Feng , Zhang Xiao Long
Published: June 2011

For avoiding false-alarm and diagnosing intermittent fault, based on the relationship analysis between intermittent fault and false-alarm, the intermittent fault diagnosis model of power system based on HMM (Hidden Markov Model)-SVM (Support Vector Machine) characteristics was constructed in this paper. By means of this model, the intermittent fault diagnosis procedure of power system based on HMM-SVM characteristics was built. Finally, the intermittent fault diagnosis simulation system of power system based on HMM-SVM characteristics was demonstrated and validated by QUEST software. The result showed that the proposed method was available, and can provided guidance for avoiding false-alarm and diagnosing intermittent fault, and support for stable performance in power system.
Extended Web Services Model Design for Non-Functional Requirements
Authors: Xu Hong
Published: June 2011

To manage web services, it needs to monitors quality of them periodically when changing their status like availability, performance and security policy. The non-functional requirements of web services based on QoS parameters has been presented in this paper for the purpose of finding the best available web service during Web services discovery process. We also presented an extended web services framework based on SOA structure for providing information about quality of web services and build a prototype for applying quality factors.
Classification of Knowledge Discovery Methods
Authors: Hu Ruo , Xie Zan Fu
Published: June 2011

Knowledge Discovery, the science and technology of exploring knowledge in order to discover previously unknown patterns, is a part of the overall process of getting information in databases. In today’s computer-driven world, these databases contain a lot of information. The significant value of this information makes knowledge discovery a matter of considerable importance and necessity. A decision tree is a predictive model which can be used to represent both classifiers and regression models. When a decision tree is used for classification tasks, it is more appropriately referred to as a classification tree.in this paper, Classification Trees Method of Knowledge Discovery In Internet is given.
Reliability Analysis of Fatigue Crack Growth with JC Method Based on Scientific Materials
Authors: Zou Xiao Li
Published: June 2011

Since the fatigue crack propagation process from initial size till final fracture is affected by lots of random factors, it is difficult to evaluate the fatigue reliability. Based on reliability theory, the first order second moment method ( JC method) is adopted to analyze and compute the fatigue reliability. To account for the uncertainties of material resistance, the parameters in the deterministic fatigue crack growth rate equation and material fracture toughness are taken as random variables with Normal distribution or Log-Normal distribution. Consequently, the limit state equation of fatigue crack growth is derived. The fatigue reliability index at any moment is calculated iteratively through JC method. As a computation example, the curve of fatigue crack growth reliability index with time is presented.
Entrepreneurial Spirit and Related Economic Index of the Relevance of Empirical Research: Empirical Analysis of the Year 1995-2009
Authors: Zhu Yan Kong , Zhao Lei , Yang Xu Hui
Published: June 2011

This paper is to use career choice theory, supply side driving factors, demand side driving factors to support the connections between the economic indexes with the entrepreneurial spirit. The data is based on the economic index(1995-2009) of Hebei Province. Such conclusion are made: career choice theory obtains concrete verification, the entrepreneurial spirit of external environment economic factors by; the government budgetary revenues and expenditures for the policy factors driving an entrepreneurial spirit; bank savings policy on entrepreneurship has a faint simulative effect; GDP hinder entrepreneurial spirit of the arousal.
Digital Design of a BCD Multiplication Scheme
Authors: Kong Yi Nan
Published: June 2011

This paper presents a new scheme for BCD multiplication. This new scheme features a completely carry-free multiplication. The parallel structure of the new algorithm is investigated. This fast architecture was derived by looking at multiplication in a fresh perspective. A carry is able to be computed without performing multiplication on any of the previous bits. The new approach is expected to have a lot of potential contributions to digital design.
Research on a Real-Time Fault Tolerant Time Synchronization Algorithm for GSM-R Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Network Materials
Authors: Huang Xiao Wu , Wang Gui Tang , Liu Wen Juan , Wang Feng
Published: June 2011

Time synchronization is a key technology in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, aim at high-speed railway GSM-R network require higher real time, fault tolerance and band coverage way, presents a real-time fault-tolerant wireless sensor network time synchronization algorithm, using direct forwarding strategy, regression analysis and abnormal data filtering methods to meet the requirements of GSM-R network. Analysis and simulation show that the algorithm has good real-time and fault tolerance to meet the requirements of GSM-R network applications.
Research on Attack Model for Cognitive Network Based on Scientific Analysis of Network Material System
Authors: Sun Yan , Zhou Xue Guang
Published: June 2011

Cognitive attacks, which influence the user’s perceptions and behavior, are more serious than physical or even syntactic attacks. We construct an attack model for cognitive Network based on scientific analysis of Network material system to visualize cognitive attack. The cognitive attack model consists of two parts: attackers and netizens. We formalize each element of the model. The cognitive attack example analysis illustrates the rationality of the model.
Fuzzy Control of an AGV Obstacle Avoidance System in Unknown Environments
Authors: Hu Ke Wei , Yao Wei , Wang Li Huo , Zhang Wei
Published: June 2011

An avoiding obstacle fuzzy controller for AGV is presented in this paper. Multi-sensors are used to detect obstacles information. The fuzzy controller processes the distance of obstacles by using a 3×3 rule table. As to convert the fuzzy output into non-fuzzy value, Centre of Gravity Method (COG) is used to calculate an accurate control output. This fuzzy control algorithm can solve the problem of obstacle avoidance in unknown environment. And the AGV running path is smooth and the changing of speed is moderate.
The Research and Application of Struts Framework Based on MVC Pattern
Authors: Li Chang Jiang , Li Xiao Hui , Wang Yu Fen
Published: June 2011

Research the MVC pattern, Struts framework and Struts framework application in web development mainly. Design and realize On-line bookstore system. The testing results show that using Struts framework to develop Web systems can greatly improve the efficiency of system development, and can increase the stability, expansibility and maintainability of the system greatly.
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Algorithm and Application of Supply Chain Performance
Authors: Chen Fei Long
Published: June 2011

This article embarks from the connotation of supply chain performance and its evaluation indexes’ present research situation, selects the key indexes of supply chain performance evaluation, constructs indexes system of supply chain performance evaluation, and uses fuzzy comprehensive evaluation algorithm to make appraisal on the key indexes. Finally through computation and analysis of specific cases to show this appraisal method is helpful for enterprise improving their overall supply chain performance.
Usability Testing for Mobile Input Method Interaction Design
Authors: Qin Jing Yan , Liu Xin , Zhang Ying Ying
Published: June 2011

The paper describes the interaction design for mobile input method. In order to further the interaction design, we proposed the usability testing to testify the design details in the two new input method interactive prototypes (T9 style keyboard and QT style keyboard). Quantitative data (accuracy rate of keystroke) was collected which was used to measure the effectiveness of different styles of buttons and related UI designs in the demos. And the users’ subjective attitudes and user experiences on the different design were collected through interactive demo. Finally the user research and usability testing results improve the validity of meaning-centered design approach for input method.
Study on Development Technologies and Architecture of Virtual Prototyping for Mechanical Product
Authors: Chen Tian , Wang Dong Mei
Published: June 2011

Along with the rapid development of computer technology and CIMS technology, virtual prototyping in product design and manufacturing process are playing an increasingly important role. Based on the analysis the function of virtual prototype, the development platform architecture of virtual prototype for mechanical products is proposed in this paper. Furthermore, the integrated framework process, which is support the pump design, testing, operation, is analyzed in detail. The running case of virtual prototyping environment of pump assembly shows that the application of virtual prototyping technology provides a new idea and means for new product development and product performance improvement.
The Forecast and Early Warning Research about Soybean Marke in China
Authors: He Dong , Zhang Hong
Published: June 2011

After entering into the World Trade Organization，domestie farm produce market gradually melt into the international market. Thus as one of the most important oil plants，the soybean also receives the press from the international market. Consequenily,it is an important meaning to build the foreeast-warning system of soybean market for domestic soybean industry. In this paper，undergoing to survey the actuality of domestic soybean product，the output，demand and import of the soybean are forecasted using the method of the BPNN and the modified Logistic model.Two irnportant warning alert index of domestic soybean market, that is the dependence degree of the soybean import and the increasing ratio of the price of the soybean，are built the foreeast-warning model.In the end， suggestions corresponding to the early warning conclusion are given.
Application Research of MAPGIS in Xiaolangdi Digital Sand Table
Authors: Jiang Gang , Yang Zhi Qiang , Tian Yong Rui
Published: June 2011

Recently, the successful development of MAPGIS software in China has challenged the monopoly status of the GIS software programmed abroad. The following paper, with the assistance of MAGIS system platform, designs and realizes Xiaolangdi water conservancy dam digital sand table, and establishes 3D visualization system, which offers a new developing way for the application of domestic GIS system software and the management and monitoring of water conservancy project.
The Negative π/2 Phase Shift of Total Reflect Light
Authors: Liu Bing , Chen Li Xiang , Sun X. , Dong R.C. , Jie X.G. , Zhu S.M.
Published: June 2011

Traveling light is totally reflected on boundary, the evanescent wave intensity exhibits exponential decay with distance from the boundary at which the wave was formed. In this paper, we do theoretical analysis of the total reflected light phase shift and power value of the evanescent wave was “disturbed” by the other objects. A marvelous optics phenomenon is the -π/2 phase shift of reflected light.
High Topography Polyimide CMP Process
Authors: Mao Ying Jun , Chen Gim Guan , Murthy Ramana , Tan Swee Kiat Eugene
Published: June 2011

This paper reports a process of filling and planarization of microstructures for MEMS and wafer level packaging application. In this work, cavities of 5-10mm depth and 20-100mm in length/width are filled using multiple coatings of polyimide with kinematic viscosities in the range of 20-130St. Such filling results in overfilling of polyimide in the range of 2 to 10mm due to variation in density and geometry of microstructure. A chemical and mechanical polishing (CMP) based planarization process, to achieve polyimide thickness variation <0.2mm in varied structures is presented.
Area-Selective Polymer Deposition on Micro-Area Framed by Trenches with Falling Liquid Film
Authors: Murakami Sunao , Ikehara Tsuyoshi , Konno Mitsuo , Maeda Ryutaro , Mihara Takashi
Published: June 2011

Additional formation of functional films on the defined micro-areas on the microstructure is often complicated and need advanced control technique. Any simple and faster deposition processes are favorable. In this paper, we propose a simple processing method to form thin films on the defined areas by falling dispersion liquid containing the coating materials on a tilted silicon substrate with trench frames. We attempted to hold the coating solution and to form a thin film within the framed micro-area. We fabricated 500 nm-wide trench frames on silicon substrates, and flew a diluted photoresist (PR) solution, as the coating solution, on the tilted surface with the frames. PR film was successfully formed on the framed area for the substrate modified with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS). However, the area-selective PR deposition was difficult in case the substrate was not treated with HMDS. It is likely that lower contact angle for the substrate without HMDS treatment is unfavorable for the area-selective PR deposition for the excess adhesive properties of the coating solution to the surface. The effectiveness of the frames as the guide to hold a liquid droplet within the defined area was considered.
A New Peltier Device with a Coaxial Thermocouple
Authors: Murayama Yosuke , Homma Hideyuki , Yamaguchi Shigeo
Published: June 2011

This study is to measure accurate temperature at a point which is cooled and heated. We proposed and fabricated a new Peltier device with a coaxial thermocouple composed of constantan and copper. Current dependence of temperature of the head of the coaxial thermocouple was measured, and it was shown that in cooling operation, the difference between designated temperatures and calibrated ones was as small as within 1°C.
Optimization of On-Chip Interface Circuit for MEMS Sensor Based on Micro-Cantilever
Authors: Bais Badariah , Loh Liang Wen , Rahim Rosminazuin A. , Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis
Published: June 2011

Micro-cantilever has been proven as an outstanding platform for extremely sensitive chemical and biological sensors. MEMS cantilever-based sensor is becoming popular due to its high sensitivity, high selectivity, easy to fabricate and can be easily integrated with on-chip electronics circuitry. However, the interface circuit used in this kind of sensors typically has a very low resolution and this limits its capability in sensing the small signal generated by the micro-cantilever. One solution is by incorporating stress concentration regions (SCR) on the micro-cantilever which were found to improve the sensitivity of the sensor. This project will focus on optimizing the sensitivity of the micro-cantilever by modeling the micro-cantilever with the SCR technique. The model is then be verified by numerical simulations.
Direct Writing of Channels for Microfluidics in Silica by MeV Ion Beam Lithography
Authors: Puttaraksa Nitipon , Napari Mari , Chienthavorn Orapin , Norarat Rattanaporn , Sajavaara Timo , Laitinen Mikko , Singkarat Somsorn , Whitlow Harry J.
Published: June 2011

The lithographic exposure characteristic of amorphous silica (SiO2) was investigated for 6.8 MeV16O3+ions. A programmable proximity aperture lithography (PPAL) technique was used for the ion beam exposure. After exposure, the exposed pattern was developed by selective etching in 4% v/v HF. Here, we report on the development of SiO2in term of the etch depth dependence on the ion fluence. This showed an exponential approach towards a constant asymptotic etch depth with increasing ion fluence. An example of microfluidic channels produced by this technique is demonstrated.
Studies on Quasi-Static Au-to-Au Ohmic Contact for MEMS Switches
Authors: Qiu Hao Dong , Wang Hong
Published: June 2011

In this paper, studies on “quasi-static” region of ohmic-contact behavior for MEMS switches under low contact force and low current conditions were carried out. Random telegraph signals (RTS) observed during the transition period were carefully investigated. It is found that RTS in transition region could be consistently identified by multiple characteristic time constants. The RTS behavior with multiple time constants suggests that different contact mechanisms could involve during “quasi-static” contact region. A dominant mechanism with time constant of ~1 ms was observed for the Au-to-Au contacts used in this study.
Design, Fabrication and Characterization of ZnO Based Thin Film Bulk Acoustic Resonators
Authors: Rathod Somsing , Vir Singh Atul , Chandra Sudhir , Koul Shiban K.
Published: June 2011

In the present work we report design, simulation, fabrication and characterization of thin film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR). The FBAR has been modeled as a single port device with two terminals. The FBAR has been fabricated using Si-SiO2-Al–ZnO-Al structure. Zinc Oxide (ZnO) films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering using Ceramic ZnO target in Ar-O2(1:1) ambient without external substrate heating. The XRD result confirms the preferred C-axis orientation of the films required for good piezoelectric properties. These ZnO films have been used to fabricate air gap type resonator. A four mask process sequence was used for this purpose. Lift-off process was used to pattern Al top electrode. In order to create the air cavity under the active device area, the bulk Si was etched in 40 % KOH at 80 °C. A specially designed mechanical jig was used to protect the front side of the device during anisotropic etching. Vector network analyzer was used to measure the reflection coefficient (S11: Return Loss) of the device. The resonant frequency of the resonator was measured to be 2.89 GHz as compare to the simulated frequency of 2.85 GHz with a return loss of 14.51 dB.
Oscillating Micromixers on a Compact Disc
Authors: Shih Chih Hsin , Yen Daniel
Published: June 2011

In this study, mixing efficiencies of oscillating micromixers based on a compact disc under various operating conditions and geometric parameters were analyzed. By alternating the direction of rotation, stirring of liquids inside the chamber can be used for mixing. The experimental results showed that under the same operating conditions, deeper chamber and lower liquid filling ratio resulted in better mixing efficiency. Under the same distance of motion, oscillating frequency had more impact on the mixing efficiency than the oscillating amplitude. In addition, the experimental results also demonstrated that this batch mixing mechanism can also be utilized to achieve satisfactory mixing of liquids with viscosity of 100 cp within 10 seconds.
Robust Sequential Flow Controls on the Centrifugal Platform
Authors: Shih Chih Hsin , Wu Hou Jin , Chen Wen Hao
Published: June 2011

The stabilities of the burst frequencies of the capillary valves have a strong impact on the robustness of sequential flow controls on the centrifugal platform. In this study, factors which influence the burst frequencies of the capillary valves were investigated. It was found that the burst frequencies of the capillary valves were affected by the flow retardation effects. Hydrophobic treatment on the surface of the capillary valve is necessary in order to reduce the retention time of the liquid. In addition, by increasing the depth of the reservoir and conducting hydrophilic treatment on the surface of the reservoir, variations in burst frequencies of the capillary valves can be greatly reduced.
Fabrication of Micro-Cantilevers Using RF Magnetron Sputtered Silicon Carbide Films
Authors: Vir Singh Atul , Chandra Sudhir , Bose Gouranga
Published: June 2011

In the present work, silicon carbide (SiC) films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering process on Si (100) substrates for micro-cantilever fabrication. The films were deposited without external substrate heating using a ceramic SiC target at 10 mTorr sputtering pressure, 200 W power and 50 mm target-to-substrate spacing. X-ray diffraction pattern shows that the films were amorphous in nature. In order to investigate the chemical inertness, the SiC coated Si substrates were dipped in buffered HF (BHF) at room temperature and in 40% KOH solution at 80 °C for varying length of time. Atomic force microscope was used to investigate surface roughness and morphology of the films before and after chemical processing. Micro-cantilever beams of the SiC film were fabricated by a single mask process. The SiC film was patterned using reactive ion etching (RIE) in SF6-O2 plasma. Thermally evaporated Al film was used as a mask during RIE process. This process also resulted in the formation of convex corners which were exploited for anisotropic etching of Si under the SiC film. The SiC cantilever beams were released by anisotropic etching of Si in KOH at 80 °C without using additional masking material. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the fabricated SiC micro-cantilever beams. The morphology of the SiC film after prolonged exposure to KOH was observed to be similar to that of the as-deposited film. The RF magnetron sputtered SiC films were found to be highly inert in KOH and BHF solutions. Due to difficulty in micromachining of bulk SiC material and its high cost, the RF sputtered SiC films on Si can provide a low cost structural material in MEMS.
Effect of Temperature on the Electrical and Gas Sensing Properties of Polyaniline and Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Doped Polyaniline Composite Thin Films
Authors: Srivastava Subodh , Kumar Sumit , Kumar Jain Vipin , Vijay Y.K.
Published: June 2011

In the present work we have reported the effect of temperature on the gas sensing properties of pure Polyaniline (PANI) and Multiwall carbon nanotube (MWNT) doped PANI composite thin film based chemiresistor type gas sensors for hydrogen gas sensing application. PANI and MWNT doped PANI composite were synthesized by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline using ammonium persulfate in an acidic medium. The thin sensing film of chemically synthesized PANI and MWNT doped PANI composite were deposited onto finger type Cu-interdigited electrodes using spin cast technique to prepared chemiresistor type gas sensor. The electrical properties of these composite thin films were characterized by I-V measurements as function of temperature. The I-V measurement revealed that conductivity of composite thin films increased as the temperature increased. The changes in resistance of the composite thin film sensor were utilized for detection of hydrogen gas. It was observed that at room temperature, MWNT doped PANI composite sensor shows higher response value and sensitivity with good repeatability in comparison to pure PANI thin film sensor. It was also observed that both PANI and MWNT doped PANI composite thin film based sensors showed unstable behavior as the temperature increased. The surface morphology of these composite thin films has also been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurement.
Proposal and Fabrication of a Temperature-Field Stage with an NN-Type Peltier Device
Authors: Suzuki Nobuyuki , Homma Hideyuki , Yamaguchi Shigeo
Published: June 2011

We have proposed and fabricated a NN-type Peltier device. The conventional Peltier devices have a structure called π-shaped, which is required to have both P-type and N-type thermoelectric materials. On the other hand, our NN-type Peltier device proposed here is only composed of N-type (or P-type) thermoelectric materials. In this study, we fabricated an NN-type Peltier device with a T-shaped stage, and the current dependence of the stage temperature was measured both for cooling and heating.
On-Chip Trapping and Characterization of Cryptosporidium Using Surface Coated ITO-PDMS Bonded Chips
Authors: Narayanan Unni Harikrishnan , Hartono Deny , Lim Kian Meng
Published: June 2011

Dielectrophoresis has been shown to have significant potential for the characterization of cells and could become an efficient tool for rapid identification and assessment of microorganisms. The present work is focused on the trapping and characterization of Cryptosporidium pathogen using a microfluidic chip fabricated through a simple, effective bonding of surface coated ITO glass and PDMS. Lithographically patterned ITO glass plates were coated with an alkoxysilane solution DMOAP (N, N – dimethyl -N- octadecyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilyl chloride) prior to bonding with PDMS microchannels. The silane coating was found to enhance the bonding between ITO and PDMS and reduce cell adhesion on the electrodes. Cryptosporidium oocysts, which are 2-4 microns in size and nearly spherical in shape represent the preliminary stage of cell development. The dielectrophoretic transport of cells is dependent on electrical properties such as permittivity and conductivity of the cells. Computational simulations were performed in order to study the effects of channel height, buffer conductivity and applied voltage on the flow and cell transport inside the DEP chip and facilitate effective cell trapping. Videomicroscopic experiments were performed using the fabricated device and the real part of Clausius-Mossotti factor of the cells was estimated from values of critical voltages of particle trapping (corresponding to various field frequencies) at the electrodes. The dielectric properties of the cell compartments (cytoplasm and membrane) were calculated based on a single shell model of the Cryptosporidium oocyst cell.
Separation Gap Estimation in Dynamic Systems Actuated by Casimir Force
Authors: Cui Song , Soh Yeng Chai
Published: June 2011

In this paper, a new estimation method is proposed to estimate the separation gap and other unknown parameters in Casimir force actuated systems. Real experimental conditions like the finite conductivity and surface roughness are considered as well. Simulation study shows that the method is accurate even when the system has severe nonlinearity.
Micro-Bubble Generation Using Continuous-Wave Laser
Authors: Jian Ao Qun , Wang Ning , Zhang Xu Ming
Published: June 2011

This paper describes the design of a novel bubble generation technique and analyzes the impacts of different factors (e.g. power density of laser source, pad geometry and category of liquid) on the bubble generation. The bubble could be generated on the substrate at any point of interest where the metal pad covered. By controlling the work time and tuning power of laser source, the size of bubble could also be adjusted.
Photocatalytic Microreactor Using Monochromatic Visible Light
Authors: Wang Ning , Zhang Yu Peng , Lei Lei , Chan Helen L. W. , Zhang Xu Ming
Published: June 2011

A photocatalytic planar reactor with an immobilized nanoporous BiVO4 film has been integrated with a blue-light panel LED, which acts as the light source. The microreactor utilizes two BiVO4-coated glasses as the top and the bottom layer and a UV curable resin layer as the spacer. The UV spacer is patterned with tree-shaped microchannels and a reaction chamber (10 ´ 10 ´ 0.1 mm3). It was found that under blue light of 140 mW/cm2 (the LED is powered at 11 V, 402 nm ) and the flow rate of 37.5 µl/min, the microreactor has the optimum performance with a degradation rate of about 3%/s and a photonic utilization efficiency ³ 0.02%. However, the photonic efficiency can be improved to 0.3% when LED is powered at 9 V.
On the Way to the Bionic Man: A Novel Approach to MEMS Based on Biological Sensory Systems
Authors: Karman Salmah B. , MacQueen Mark O. , Matin Tina R. , Diah S. Zaleha M. , Mueller Jeanette , Yunas Jumril , Makaruk Teresa , Gebeshuber Ille C.
Published: June 2011

The human senses are of extraordinary value, but we cannot change them, even if this proves to be a disadvantage in our modern times. However, we can assist, enhance and expand these senses via MEMS. This paper introduces data for a push-pull analysis method based on a concise summary of senses in organisms and MEMS sensors that already have reached the market, giving an overview where current MEMS technology excels (available solutions) and where natural sensor systems excel. It provides a knowledge base for further development of MEMS sensors. Some animals and even humans (with artificial lenses after cataract surgery) can see in the infrared and ultraviolet range; related MEMS with IR/UV sensitivity might assist us to determine the status of organisms. The hearing capabilities of bats (ultrasound) can inspire echolocation in man. Butterflies have exquisite thermoregulation; this might lead to MEMS that are better protected from overheating. Mice can smell important information about another mouse’s immune system and mosquitoes detect minuscule amounts of carbon dioxide and lactic acid; thereby inspired MEMS could serve as medical or environmental scanners. The senses for magnetism, vibrations and electroreception that are used by animals might satisfy the need for MEMS in navigation and orientation. MEMS that are skillfully added to the human body can provide additional perceptory data. Future research will identify where already available MEMS excel and which outstanding properties of sensory systems can easily be replicated by ‘off the shelf’ systems.
Developing High Sensitivity Biomass Sensor Using Lamé Mode Square Resonator
Authors: Heidari Amir , Yoon Yong Jin , Park Woo Tae , Tsai Ming Lin Julius
Published: June 2011

In this paper, a new cost-effective and reliable high performance biomass sensor is presented. Compared to previous biomass sensors, the developed sensor shows a potential to detect smaller biological agents by producing a high quality output signal at atmospheric pressure. The biomass sensor is a micro machined silicon squared plate that is excited in the Lamé bulk acoustic resonant mode at a frequency of 37.8 MHz, with quality factor of 10,000 and the mass sensitivity of -400 Hz/pg.
Thick-Film Deposition of High-Viscous Liquid Photopolymer
Authors: Alvankarian Jafar , Damghanian Mitra , Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis
Published: June 2011

There are high interests among the researchers and industries for effective deposition of thick layer liquid photo-resists with applications such as fabrication of microfluidics and polymeric membranes using lithography. In this paper, we study performance of different techniques of coating for thick layers of SU-8 using spin coating, self planarization and a technique of sandwiching the resin between two parallel solid plates. Deposition using spin coaters for SU-8 2075 is limited hardly to around 250 µm with some irregularities such as edge-beads. Self-planarization requires enough resting time. We have achieved a thickness of around 1 mm in a single coating but is limited to only thick layers in reasonable time. The sandwich technique can be used for any thickness and is very fast. We present here a comparison of the three mentioned methods according to our observed data of the coating time, uniformity of the coating surface and capability of coating thick layers for a high viscosity SU-8 2075 that is employed in fabrication of microfluidics micro-structures.
Fabrication of a Peltier Device Based on InSb and SbTe Thin Films
Authors: Ishii Tatsuya , Homma Hideyuki , Yamaguchi Shigeo
Published: June 2011

We fabricated a thin film Peltier device based on an InSb film and a SbTe film. N-type InSb thin films were grown on sapphire (0001) substrate with InAsSb buffer layer by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy, and P-type SbTe thin films were deposited on the substrate by electron beam evaporation. N-type and P-type films were separated on the substrate, and between them, a Au thin film was deposited by direct-current sputtering. We observed partial Peltier effect in the device.
Wireless Imaging Module Assembly and Integration for Capsule Endoscopic Applications
Authors: Katayan Riyas , Win Shwe Sin , Lim Rui Qi , Vaidyanathan Kripesh
Published: June 2011

Various breakthroughs have being made recently in Capsule endoscopy (CE). As the technology gets more matured with more clinical acceptance rate, it’s time to explore the best way for fabricating, packaging and integrating the CE. This paper will present the development of a compact high resolution image module with a VGA CMOS sensor and in house RF-Baseband IC chip for capsule endoscopic applications. The complete module, inclusive of lens, measures 11.5 mm in diameter by 28 mm in length have being able to design, fabricate and assemble. 640x260 CMOS sensor, 0201 capacitors, resistors and LEDs, are assembled onto a rigid-flex PCB with processes such as reflow heating and auto highly accurate pick and place die placement. The optical imaging module is interfaced with a RF communication unit, consisting of a base-band IC and antenna, to enable wireless transmission of dynamic image data to an external data processing and visualization unit. Animal trials produces ex-vivo GI tissue images of superior quality in terms of color saturation, contrast and resolution compared with currently available commercial capsule imaging devices.
Evaluation of Piezoelectric Properties of AlN Using MEMS Resonators
Authors: Khine Lynn , Wong Lionel Y.L. , Soon Jeffrey B.W. , Tsai Ming Lin Julius
Published: June 2011

This paper presents an effective evaluation of piezoelectric coefficients (d31 and d33) and other mechanical properties of AlN thin films using resonator structures fabricated on a single wafer. The extracted value for d31 is 1.60pm/V and the d33 value is 3.15pm/V, which are comparable to the coefficient values published in literature. Fabrication of these resonator structures is straightforward and can be incorporated with other more complex steps. Hence, these resonators can serve as an excellent test structures to evaluate and predict the quality of AlN growth and piezoelectric properties of thin AlN films.
Discrete 3D T-Shaped Electrode Arrays for Moving Liquid by AC Electro-Osmosis
Authors: Guo Xin , Lai Yong Jun , Xie Kong Ying , Campbell Robert J.
Published: June 2011

A novel 3D discrete T-shaped electrode array, fabricated by PolymMUMPs, is presented for pumping microscale liquid utilizing AC electro-osmosis (ACEO). Both the theoretical and experimental work has been carried out to evaluate the new design concept. A 3D finite element model of a unit cell incorporating a pair of electrodes is created to simulate pump performance. The new design is prototyped using the PolyMUMPs process and the experimental evaluation of its performance is conducted with saline solution at three different voltages. The maximum velocity obtained from the tracing particles at 30μm above the bottom of the channel was 90μm/s, 130μm/s and 200μm/s for a voltage of 6Vpp, 8Vpp and 10Vpp respectively.
Focused Ion Beam Fabricated Polystyrene-Platinum Thermal Microactuator
Authors: Lee Cheng Choo , Alici Gursel , Spinks Geoff , Proust Gwénaëlle , Cairney Julie M.
Published: June 2011

Individually released polystyrene-platinum bimorph microcantilevers that have potential applications as MEMS/NEMS thermal actuators are produced using focused ion beam micromachining technique. The microcantilevers are sharply defined and triangular in cross-section, and are about 20µm long, 2 µm wide and 1.5 µm thick. The fabrication process is fast (< 3 hours) and does not require any mask or resist. The nanometer-scale displacement of the resulting bimorph microactuator with respect to temperature change is recorded via imaging in a scanning electron microscope, equipped with a heating stage. By increasing the temperature to ca. 55 °C, a tip deflection of ca. 380 nm was measured. This result is compared with the numerical result obtained from a finite element analysis (FEA).
Lead-Free BSZT/Epoxy 1-3 Composites for Ultrasonic Transducer Applications
Authors: Lee Siu To Felix , Lam Kwok Ho , Zhang Xu Ming , Chan Helen L. W.
Published: June 2011

With high piezoelectric coefficient (d33> 300 pC/N) and electromechanical coupling factor (kt = 0.45), lead-free barium strontium zirconium titanate ((Ba0.95Sr0.05) (Zr0.05Ti0.95) O3, abbreviated as BSZT)was used to fabricate BSZT/epoxy 1-3 composites with different volume fractions of BSZT ranging from 0.55 - 0.85. The electromechanical properties of the 1-3 composites were determined by the resonance technique. It was found that the theoretical modeling of the 1-3 composites matches quite well with the measured material properties.The 1-3 composite with f = 0.65 was chosen to be fabricated as a transducer due to its comparatively high value of kt. The BSZT/epoxy 1-3 composite transducer demonstrates large bandwidth with good sensitivity, suggesting high potential in biomedical applications.
Anti-Shear Reliability Analysis of Existing Pre-Tensioned Prestressed Concrete Beam Bridges under Atmosphere Condition
Authors: Chen Feng , Hu Da Lin , Sun Yi Li
Published: June 2011

The shear bearing capacity of pretensioning prestressed concrete beam bridge mainly depends on the stirrup and concrete of the beam, but the longitudinal pre-pressure plays a certain role for the shear bearing of the structure. Under the carbonization corrosion condition, the shear-bearing capacity of the pretensioning prestressed concrete beam will attenuate gradually with the stirrup corrosion and concrete deteriorate. And the risk of brittle shear failure will be increased with the enhanced reinforcement corrosion amount. The paper presents an anti-shear calculation model of the pretensioning prestressed concrete beam bridge, and discusses the time-variation model of the corrosion stirrup considering the effective prestress attenuation under the carbonization corrosion condition. The analysis method on the anti-shear reliability of existing pretensioning bridges under the corrosion condition is proposed then. The method will be used in the durability and safety evaluation of the shear-bearing capacity of the existing pretensioning prestressed concrete bridges.
Damage Analysis of the Bridge Structure Based on the Modal Parameters
Authors: Ding Ke
Published: June 2011

Reduction of intensity or rigidity and losses of quality of the bridge structures can induce the changes of modal parameters of the structure. It is possible to analyze and detect the damage of bridge based on comparing the changes of modal parameters of the structure before and after damaging. Natural frequency, displacement mode and modal curvature are the important parameters in dynamic Analysis. In this paper, their adaptive capacities to bridge damage assessment are discussed. And the damage factor is used to determine the damage location. Model experiments show that the damage factor not only reflects the position of bridge damage, and the damage factor of some vibration mode also indicates the length of damage element. At the equilibrium position of the vibration mode, it is difficult to determine structural damage using the damage factor.
Cable Deflection and Gravity Stiffness of Cable-Stayed Suspension Bridge
Authors: Xia Guo Ping , Zhang Zhe
Published: June 2011

The paper studye the cable deflections of cable-stayed suspension bridge subject to living load. in addition, an analytical formula of the gravity stiffness of the cable-stayed suspension bridge is derived. Duo to the dead load state in the cable-stayed part is more differ from that in the suspension part, the research aim at different parts of the cable in the cable-stayed suspension bridge. Using the energy relation principle associated with deformation of the cable, the cable deflections and gravity stiffness of cable-stayed suspension bridge are derived.
Overall and Step Iterative Algorithm of Cable Force for Multi-Rib Steel Truss Arch Bridge in Procedure of Rib Segments Assembling
Authors: Zhou Shui Xing , Zhang Min , Tian Wei Feng , Xu Jun
Published: June 2011

Taking deformation of the main arch under dead load as the arch alignment control target, the overall cable force and pre-camber of multi-rib arch were calculated by zero-order optimization method. According to the installation sequences of arch segments, taking deviation of cable tower, cables in one-time tensioning method and the section stress of arch chords as constraint conditions, the cable force and pre-camber for every segment were calculated by iterative method. This method is applied to the erection of a 400m steel truss arch bridge with three ribs, the calculated values of cable force are anastomosed with the measured ones, and the precision of arch alignment is high.
Model Test for a New Chorded Arch Bridge
Authors: Gao Yan Mei , Zhou Zhi Xiang
Published: June 2011

A new chorded arch bridge is put forward by Professor Zhixiang zhou of Chongqing Jiaotong University. For further exploration by the bridge design and construction scheme of the feasibility and rationality, and to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis and probe the effective measures to deal with the closure error during in the rotating construction, a model made with by organic glass (ratio of the model to original bridge is 1/10) is has been experimented. In this test, the rotating down procedure of the construction was simulated and studied, possible closure errors were tested and corresponding measures are proposed, and the mechanical performances at key stages of construction and service were examined. Plentiful experimental data and some new knowledge about the chorded arch bridge were obtained from this test, which provided reliable technical guarantee for the actual construction.
Dynamic Properties Analysis for Self-Anchored Suspension and Cable-Stayed Combination System Bridge
Authors: Zhan Bing Lai , Xu Yue , Xu Zhi , Yang Xiqin
Published: June 2011

In view that dynamics research for self-anchored suspension and cable-stayed combination system bridge lags behind the practical application, this thesis analyzed its dynamic properties and seismic responses. By means of constructing a dynamic finite element model of the bridge for the dynamic properties and seismic response analysis, the thesis discovered the dynamic properties and the seismic responses laws of self-anchored suspension and cable-stayed combination system bridge. The dynamic finite element model was constructed based on the dynamic analysis theory and method, under the background of the first self-anchored suspension and cable-stayed combination system bridge in the world, and it was verifyed by on-site vibration test. The dynamic properties and the seismic responses laws provides a valuable reference for the design and maintenance of this type of bridge.
Numerical Calculation and Safety Evaluation of Impervious Effects of the Reinforced Dyke
Authors: Zhao Yu , Zhang Jian Wei , Wang Tie Cheng , Huo Xue Jun
Published: June 2011

Based on the finite element method, the seepage field of reinforced dykes of a reservoir is analyzed from hydro geological nature and characteristics of the impermeable wall. According to the typical cross-section of the reinforced dyke, performance-parameters of the dyke such as total water head, seepage velocity, seepage gradient are compared with the counterparts of the original dyke. Results in steady seepage are obtained. Generally seepage quantity decreases 45% from the original dyke. Permeability coefficients and defects of the impermeable wall are the most factors of affecting effectiveness of dyke reinforcement. Because piezometric tubes work well, measured dada are reliable, both measured and calculated data also coincide with each other well. The results show that the impervious reinforcing plan of the dyke is fit, the reinforced dyke can reach predeterminate impervious effects and meet the technical specifications. Safety of the reservoir is guaranteed.
Study on the Stiffness, Carrying Efficiency and Fatigue Character of the End Anchor Cable
Authors: Li Xiao Li , Xiao Ru Cheng , Li Dong Liang , Sun Zhi Guo , Fan Ying Fang
Published: June 2011

Effects of stiffness, carrying efficiency and fatigue of the end anchor cable on the mechanical behavior of long span cable-stayed bridge, were discussed respectively. Firstly, the concept of the effective stiffness and the stress ratio were introduced to discuss the effects of the dead load stress level and the stress ratio on the effective stiffness of the end anchor cable. Secondly, the effect of the cable material on the vertical carrying efficiency of the structure was analyzed. Finally, the main influential factors on the fatigue performance of the end anchor cable were analyzed in detail. It is shown that improving the dead load stress level and keeping the low stress ratio would increase the effective stiffness of the end anchor cable. The section of the end anchor cable effects on stiffness of the structure under high stress level. It can be drawn that as a novel material, The CFRP end anchor cable will increase the load carrying level of the long span cable-stayed bridges. It can also be concluded that the length of side span and main span, the height of pylon, the area of the cable section and the live load collection degree are all the main effective factors to the stress amplitude of the end anchor cable. It is suggested that in the practical design of large span cable-stayed bridge, all the effective factors together with the global state of the structure should be taken into account comprehensively.