bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A short review on identification of ABCDE genes in monocot plants
Authors:   Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute,Palode,Thiruvananthapuram 695562.India, Soorya Suchilkumar , Swapna Thacheril ,   Department of Botany, University of Kerala Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram 695581, India, Sabu Kalluvettankuzhy ,   Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695562, India
Published: October 2022

One of the most important divisions in the plant kingdom is the monocotyledon division of angiosperms. More than 60,000 monocot spp. have been identified, the majority of which are economically important, such as the Poaceae, Orchidaceae, Arecaceae, Liliaceae, and certain other families. The involvement of the ABCDE model of floral organ determination during flower development is a growing area of research in the field of molecular biology due to the diversity in the floral morphology of monocots. The MADS-box gene family is a large molecular transcript family that helps identifies specific proteins involved in floral development. It is classified into several classes based on its function. The review aimed to evaluate the significance of ABCDE genes for floral development and subsequent organ identification, which have been discovered in a range of monocot plants, as well as the functions of these genes in determining the sex of dioecious plants. We sought to summarise the MADSbox gene responsible for flower initiation and floral whorl differentiation reported in economically valuable monocotyledonous plants. Keywords: ABCDE model, Dioecious, Floral organ identity, MADS-box gene,Monocots
Lipid-Lowering Therapy Use and Intensification Among United States Veterans Following Myocardial Infarction or Coronary Revascularization Between 2015 and 2019
Authors: Zheutlin Alexander R. , Derington Catherine G. , Herrick Jennifer S. , Rosenson Robert S. , Poudel Bharat , Safford Monika M. , Brown Todd M. , Jackson Elizabeth A. , Woodward Mark , Reading Stephanie , Orroth Kate , Exter Jason , Virani Salim S. , Muntner Paul , Bress Adam P.
Published: October 2022

Background:

Understanding how statins, ezetimibe, and PCSK9i (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 serine protease inhibitors) are prescribed after a myocardial infarction (MI) or elective coronary revascularization may improve lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) intensification and reduce recurrent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events. We described the use and intensification of LLT among US veterans who had a MI or elective coronary revascularization between July 24, 2015, and December 9, 2019, within 12 months of hospital discharge.

Methods:

LLT intensification was defined as increasing statin dose, or initiating a statin, ezetimibe, or a PCSK9i, overall and among those with an LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol)
≥
70 or 100 mg/dL. Poisson regression was used to determine patient characteristics associated with a greater likelihood of LLT intensification following hospitalization for MI or elective coronary revascularization.

Results:

Among 81 372 index events (mean age, 69.0 years, 2.3% female, mean LDL-C 89.6 mg/dL, 33.8% with LDL-C <70 mg/dL), 39.7% were not taking any LLT, and 22.0%, 37.2%, and 0.6% were taking a low-moderate intensity statin, a high-intensity statin, and ezetimibe, respectively, before MI/coronary revascularization during the study period. Within 14 days, 3 months, and 12 months posthospitalization, 33.3%, 41.9%, and 47.3%, respectively, of veterans received LLT intensification. LLT intensification was most common among veterans taking no LLT (82.5%, n=26 637) before MI/coronary revascularization. Higher baseline LDL-C, having a lipid test, and attending a cardiology visit were each associated with a greater likelihood of LLT intensification, while age
≥
75 versus <65 years was associated with a lower likelihood of LLT intensification within 12 months posthospitalization.

Conclusions:

Less than half of veterans received LLT intensification in the year after MI or coronary revascularization suggesting a missed opportunity to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk.
Rouzhi 柔知 “the Supple Way of Knowing”: Cognitive Traps and Embodied Intellectual Virtues
Authors: Wang Robin R.
Published: October 2022

This essay explores the epistemological implications of the Daoist concept of rou 柔 or “suppleness” and its related notion rouzhi 柔知 or the “supple way of knowing.” It is comprised of three interrelated parts. Part one starts with a brief introduction to rou and its usage in early Chinese texts, where it outlines three important ways to approach it. In part two, it moves to a careful reading of female Daoist Cao Wenyi’s 曹文逸 Lingyuan Dadaoge 《靈源大道歌》 (The Song of the Ultimate Source of Great Dao or Dadaoge for short), where it explores her text as formulating a Daoist way of knowing based on an appreciation of rou. The third section discusses concrete connections between rou and specific epistemic virtues.
Kang Youwei on the Subjection of Women
Authors: Jiang Xinyan
Published: October 2022

This paper examines Kang Youwei’s view of sexual equality based on the study of his The Book of the Great Unity (Da Tong Shu 《大同書》). The paper shows that Kang’s critique of the subjection of women is the most systematic, profound, and fierce in the history of modern Chinese philosophy. Although his theory of the oppression of women and sexual equality is essentially the combination of liberalism, utilitarianism, and socialism, his work on the subject should be given a special place in modern feminist philosophy. Unlike Western feminist thinkers, Kang understood the suffering of oppressed women in non-Western countries, especially in China, and spoke out for them in a way that no one did before. The volume on women’s oppression and liberation in The Book of the Great Unity could be regarded as a book on the subjection of women in developing countries crossing cultures and religions.
Do ruminants and hindgut fermenters differ in their activity? Comparison of syntopic black wildebeest and Cape mountain zebra
Authors: Forbes Ryan E. , Kerley Graham I.H.
Published: October 2022

Optimally foraging animals should minimise time spent foraging in order to perform other fitness-enhancing activities. The ruminants’ more efficient digestive system, requiring lower volumes of forage, is predicted to provide an advantage over hindgut fermenters with respect to foraging effort, but this may be offset by their need for higher quality forage. We contrasted the activity of two similarly-sized, syntopic grazers, black wildebeest (Connochaetes gnou), a ruminant, and Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra), a hindgut fermenter, using camera trap data and tested the volume-requirement and the nutrient-driven hypotheses, seasonally. Zebra and wildebeest activity varied seasonally, potentially due to differences in resource availability. In winter, a greater proportion of wildebeest were recorded grazing relative to zebra, supporting the nutrient-driven hypothesis, whilst the inverse occurred (although not significantly) in summer, supporting the volume-requirement hypothesis. Seasonal variation in resources may provide temporal foraging trade-offs of benefits for ruminants and hindgut fermenters.
The Prospects of an International Treaty on Plastic Pollution
Authors: Stöfen-O’Brien Aleke
Published: October 2022

On 2 March 2022, the United Nations Environment Assembly to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) requested the Executive Director of UNEP to convene an international negotiating committee towards the negotiation of an international legally binding instrument on plastics by 2024. This article examines some of the proposed elements of such an instrument and outlines the next steps that can be expected in the negotiations. It also reflects on the results of the ad hoc open-ended working group to prepare for the work of the intergovernmental negotiating committee to develop an international legally binding instrument on plastic pollution, including in the marine environment, which was convened in Dakar, Senegal, from 30 May to 1 June 2022. Ensuring legal certainty of key features of the new agreement, such as the circular economy and support for developing countries and countries with economies in transition, will be subject to particular scrutiny.
A Heap of Leaves or Fellow Travellers
Authors: Zhanaev Ayur
Published: October 2022

Much has been written about the role of ‘shamanism’ in the making of Mongol kinship. This article aims to explore the role of Buddhism in constructing kinship, which has received less scholarly attention. In particular, I investigate the ways the ‘anti-family’ orientation of Buddhism was propagated in Buryat society, which had assigned great social importance to kinship networks. In didactic texts compiled by Buryat lamas for the laity in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, lamas argued that, despite the impermanent character of kinship, kinship bonds nevertheless were to be arranged in a proper way to avoid multiplying sins. However, lamas did not offer a ready model or a special Buddhist ideal of the family organisation. Like in other regional contexts, Buddhist ethics were adapted to the existing cultural traditions and mostly emphasised proper roles and responsibilities in conjugal and parent-child relationships.
The Epic Legacy of Shono-Baatar
Authors: Ratcliffe Jonathan
Published: October 2022

Compared with epic heroes such as Geser and Jangar who are widely popular among the Mongolic peoples of Inner Asia, the far less well-known epic of Shono-Baatar stems from a determinable and relatively recent historical basis: the eighteenth-century Dzungar prince Louzang Shunu and his seeking sanctuary from persecution by his relatives in the Russian Empire. While legends and short songs about this figure are widely attested from Kalmykia to Xinjiang, only among the Buryats has any full-length oral epic been preserved: a single specimen taken down from storyteller Sagadar Shanarsheev in 1936. Although Shanarsheev’s epic possesses a complex political and textual history, it was almost wholly unknown beyond a few scholars until its republication in a dual-language Russian-Buryat edition in 2015. Since then, it has increasingly become an important part of the symbolism of Buryat cultural identity and has even been hailed as a world-class epic equal to the Iliad and Nibelungenlied.
New Perspectives on Base of the Pyramid Strategies
Authors: Dentchev Nikolay A. , Michelini Laura , Verbeke Alain , Hall Jeremy , Hillemann Jenny
Published: October 2022

The early literature on base of the pyramid (BOP) strategies argued that multinational enterprises can contribute significantly to poverty alleviation of the poorest population in the world. An emergent perspective suggests that the solution to poverty lies within the BOP itself. Here, entrepreneurship within the BOP population is seen as the more credible solution to poverty. In this Special Issue introduction, we briefly present how the literature has further shifted the discussion of BOP strategies toward issues such as innovation, networks, business models, and sustainability at the BOP. This analysis signals a gap in our knowledge related to the success factors in business models of BOP entrepreneurs, with attention to economic, social, and environmental impacts. We present the five articles accepted for publication in this Special Issue, of which three contribute to our knowledge of BOP business models and two to our knowledge of sustainability at the BOP. In conclusion, we propose several avenues for future research.
Rapid Reviews to Support Practice: A Guide for Professional Organization Practice Networks
Authors: MacPherson Megan M. , Wang Rosalie H. , Smith Emma M. , Sithamparanathan Gobika , Sadiq Cara A. , Braunizer Anna RH
Published: October 2022

Background. Occupational Therapists, among other healthcare decision makers, often need to make decisions within limited timeframes and cannot wait for the completion of large rigorous systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Rapid reviews are one method to increase the integration of research evidence into clinical decision making. Rapid reviews streamline the systematic review process to allow for the timely synthesis of evidence; however, there does not exist a single agreed upon guide for the methodology and reporting of rapid reviews. Purpose. This paper proposes a rapid review methodology that is customized to a professional organization practice which can feasibly be used by practice networks such as those of the Canadian Association for Occupational Therapy to conduct reviews. Implications. Practice networks provide a sustainable mechanism to integrate research evidence and foster communication amongst practitioners. This guide for conducting and reporting rapid reviews can be used across Occupational Therapy practice networks and similar groups to support the consistent and timely synthesis of evidence necessary to improve evidence-informed clinical decision making.
The Sound of Music: The Effect of Timbral Sound Quality in Audio Logos on Brand Personality Perception
Authors: Melzner Johann , Raghubir Priya
Published: October 2022

This research aims to advance the understanding of audio branding by investigating the effect of an understudied auditory attribute, timbre, in the context of brand audio logos. Specifically, the authors propose, and provide evidence in ten studies, that timbral sound quality in audio logos (i.e., roughness/smoothness) informs abstract judgments of brand personality (i.e., ruggedness/sophistication). Study 1 shows that the industry practice of altering instrumentation, and thus timbre, in audio logos can change personality perceptions of even well-known brands. This effect persists when the sound source is kept constant with various instruments (Studies 2a–2d), with a combination of instruments (Study 3), and in the absence of an identifiable sound source (Study 4). The authors test specific acoustic underpinnings of timbral sound quality perceptions (Study 4) and show that the effect on brand personality judgments is counteracted by incongruent sensory information from another modality (Study 5). The results of Study 6 suggest that the influence of timbral sound quality on brand personality perceptions is nonconscious, as consumers are unaware of the extent to which the stimulus affects their judgments. Study 7 shows downstream consequences for purchase intentions. Practical implications, theoretical contributions, and directions for future research are discussed.
Updating nonviolent campaigns: Introducing NAVCO 2.1
Authors: Chenoweth Erica , Shay Christopher Wiley
Published: October 2022

In this article, we introduce an updated version of the Nonviolent and Violent Campaigns and Outcomes dataset (NAVCO 2.1), which compiles annual data on 389 nonviolent and violent mass movements for regime change, anti-occupation, and secession from 1945 to 2013. This version of the dataset corrects known coding errors in NAVCO 2.0, adds news cases (including the Arab uprisings), and codes attributes for each campaign year (such as participation size and diversity, the behavior of regime elites, repression and its effects, support from external actors, and campaign outcomes). In addition, NAVCO 2.1 adds several new attributes to each campaign-year, including more precise participation figures, more nuanced data about the scope, intensity, and degree of violent flank behavior and state repression, and further information about the parallel or alternative institutions developed by the campaign. The data reveal four key findings: (1) that the success rate of nonviolent resistance campaigns has declined since 2001; (2) that far more people have participated in nonviolent than violent campaigns in the postwar period; (3) that nonviolent campaigns suffer far fewer per-capita fatalities than armed campaigns; and (4) that incidental violence by dissidents has become a more common feature of contemporary nonviolent campaigns compared with earlier cases. The article concludes with suggestions for further research.
Time-of-Day Effect on Postural Balance and Its Associations with Menopausal Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Lahiani Mariam , Ben Waer Fatma , Bouchaala Fatma , Laatar Rabeb , Rebai Haithem , Sahli Sonia
Published: October 2022

Postmenopausal women suffer from postural balance issues. During a 24-hour time span, postural performance undergoes radical changes as influenced by the circadian rhythm. In this study, we aimed to investigate time-of-day effects on postural balance in postmenopausal women and balance relationships with menopausal symptoms. Two groups of women, aged 40–50 years, participated in this study: a menopausal group and a control group. We evaluated their postural balance and menopausal symptoms (mood, sleepiness and fatigue) in five sessions over the course of a day: at 06:00 hours, at 10:00, at 14:00, at 18:00 and at 22:00. The results showed that postural balance (center of pressure area (CoParea)) values of postmenopausal women were significantly worse ( p < .05) at 22:00. Moreover, at this time-of-day, participants in the menopausal group were more tired, less vigilant and experienced a lower mood. We found negative correlations between postural balance and both mood and fatigue levels. However, there was no time-of-day effect on postural balance, mood, fatigue, and sleepiness among participants in the control group. Thus, time-of-day should be considered a factor to control when assessing postural balance and designing intervention studies for postmenopausal women; and it is important for these women to be cautious of fall risks at night, as they are then less stable than at other times-of-day.
Influence of the graft-copolymerized hydrophilic lignin content on the structure and mechanical properties of gel-spun poly(vinyl alcohol) composite fibers
Authors: Cheng Yu , Lin Jiaxian , Sun Xiaorui , Duan Lianjie , Zheng Yuanyuan , Sun Xiaoxia , Li Xian , Lu Chunhong
Published: October 2022

Lignin is a cost-effective, biobased filler for the fabrication of high-performance poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite fibers that increases fiber performance and sustainability. However, amorphous and hydrophobic lignin often have poor compatibility with semi-crystalline and hydrophilic PVA matrixes. Moreover, aggregation of the filler at high content could occur to impede the effectiveness of lignin as a reinforcing filler. To address these issues, modified organosolv lignin (OL24) with hydrophilicity was obtained from the graft copolymerization of organosolv lignin and acrylic acid monomers after 24 h of reaction and later used as a reinforcing filler at different ratios of 0%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 30% in PVA to achieve composite fibers with better compatibility between the filler and matrix, and enhanced sustainability. The influence of the graft-copolymerized hydrophilic lignin content on the structure and mechanical performance of gel-spun PVA composite fibers was fundamentally investigated. The results showed that 10% OL24/PVA fiber had outstanding mechanical properties with an average tenacity of 7.8 cN/dtex (tensile strength of 1.02 GPa), average specific modulus of 143.21 cN/dtex (Young’s modulus of 18.62 GPa) and toughness of 20.90 J/g. It was concluded that the higher orientation, larger crystal size and stronger hydrogen bonding in the composite fiber structure contributed to the good fiber mechanical performance. These results offer technical support for the mechanical performance optimization of lignin-reinforced polymeric high-performance fibers.
Chasing the ghosts: stories of people left behind on the frontline of climate and ecological crisis
Authors: Rai Ayushi
Published: October 2022

Human-induced global climate change is associated with population migration as places become uninhabitable. Uttarakhand is one of India’s most ecologically fragile and climatically vulnerable states. There are massive disparities between the hill and the plain districts as the development initiatives remain concentrated in the plain districts. The inadequacy of the state government, coupled with environmental changes, has made the life of the hill communities challenging. Many people have migrated from the hills resulting in depopulated or ghost villages. Based on interviews with 75 people, the article attempts to shed light on changes that occur when the inhabitants of a place leave. Loss of a place and its community life can have severe implications on the well-being of the people. Respondents showed a range of emotions, including the longing for their homes before the onset of environmental changes. With more intense and frequent climatic events, it has become essential to understand such social and cultural costs of migration.
Media power in digital Asia: Super apps and megacorps
Authors: Steinberg Marc , Mukherjee Rahul , Punathambekar Aswin
Published: October 2022

Tracing global shifts in ownership and conglomeration in the media and technology sectors, this introduction analyzes the emergence of the ‘megacorp’ and ‘super app’ as distinct forms and sites of media power. With a focus on Asia, we argue that the pairing of megacorps and super apps is driving the emergence of powerful digital companies that shape social, cultural, and political dynamics worldwide. Through analyses of companies including Reliance, SoftBank, Tencent, Alibaba, and Transsion, this special issue calls for a renewed engagement with theories of monopoly capital via the megacorp, and accounts of consumer and citizen experiences of this monopoly via a quotidian touch point, the super app. In conversation with scholarship on conglomerates, monopolies, and platforms as key institutional forms of media power, we show that media power in this digital conjuncture operates as much through national and regional differences as through the imperative to achieve a global scale.
The phronesis of expert searchers on using forward citation searching and web searching to search for studies for systematic reviews: A hermeneutic phenomenological analysis
Authors: Briscoe Simon , Abbott Rebecca , Melendez-Torres G J
Published: October 2022

Systematic reviews aim to use formalised and explicitly described methods. However, studies show that systematic reviews pose challenges which can only be resolved using expert judgement that is resistant to explicit formulation. The expertise required to make such judgements can be understood as practical knowledge or phronesis, and is based on lived experiences rather than following clearly defined rules. This study used qualitative methods to investigate the phronesis of expert searchers in the development and conduct of searches for studies for systematic reviews. In particular, the study focused on two ‘supplementary’ search methods: forward citation searching and web searching. Data collection used semi-structured interviews with 15 expert searchers and the analysis used a hermeneutic phenomenological approach. The findings describe five habits of phronesis when searching for studies: Outcome-oriented; persistent; adaptive; critically engaged and holistic. The study brings attention to the use of expert judgement when searching for studies for systematic reviews.
Policy Change, Threat Perception, and Mobility Catalysts: The Trump Administration as Driver of Asylum Migration to Canada
Authors: Smith Craig Damian
Published: October 2022

Almost 60,000 people claimed asylum at Canada's border with the United States between 2017 and 2020, marking Canada's first sustained cross-border asylum migration since the 1990s. Virtually, all entered irregularly via a rural road on the New York/Québec border. The “Roxham Road route” was partly owing to the 2004 Canada/US Safe Third Country Agreement (STCA), which allows both states to refuse asylum-seekers on the grounds that the other offers commensurate protection standards yet only applies to official ports of entry. Roughly, 40 percent of the 60,000 who claimed asylum were US residents with precarious immigration status. This article examines the route's emergence and contributes a novel case on decision-making and destination choices for asylum migration. Data are derived from interviews with over 300 asylum-seekers, two dozen experts, and monthly asylum statistics. The central finding is that Trump-administration immigration policies were the major driver for asylum migration yet do not entirely explain the new route, since a relatively small number of US residents departed for Canada. Interviews revealed that while Trump-era policies fostered a climate of fear, individual experiences with immigration enforcement, loss of temporary protected status, or deferred asylum cases were catalysts for migration. Welcoming Canadian rhetoric and liberal asylum policies were only considered in light of risk in the United States, challenging research findings that asylum-seekers are primarily motivated by destination-state policies. The article also offers qualitative methods for connecting asylum data with migrant decision-making and problematizes the STCA's ethics and effectiveness for managing asylum.
Becoming fugitive: Prison breaks and the space of punishment
Authors: Fontes Anthony W
Published: October 2022

Dominant metanarratives of prison escape—as rebellion in the name of freedom and as spectacular revelation of prison organizational failure—stand in stark contrast to the experience and meaning of escape for those for whom it matters most: prisoners. For prisoners, escape does not necessarily constitute a line of flight out of the space and time of punishment. Instead, it abruptly transforms their relationship to state power and communal belonging that more often than not reifies the isolation that incarceration insists upon. Guided by a prisoner’s narrative of escape from a Guatemalan prison, evasion, exile, and re-capture, this essay brings the phenomenon of prison escape into conversation with carceral geography’s exploration of essential connections and reflections between the prison and other social, institutional and geographic spaces, highlighting how multiple actors and forces beyond the carceral state collude in fixing vulnerable bodies in place . Ultimately, the freedom that escape might promise the prisoner recedes before discourses and infrastructures of punishment and isolation built far beyond the prison, showing how incarceration and freedom cannot be defined by prison walls, nor by the law’s calculations that pretend to mete out justice in discrete units of time.
Cannabidiol in clinical and preclinical anxiety research. A systematic review into concentration–effect relations using the IB-de-risk tool
Authors: Kwee Caroline MB , van Gerven Joop MA , Bongaerts Fleur LP , Cath Danielle C , Jacobs Gabriël , Baas Johanna MP , Groenink Lucianne
Published: October 2022

Background:

Preclinical research suggests that cannabidiol (CBD) may have therapeutic potential in pathological anxiety. Dosing guidelines to inform future human studies are however lacking.

Aim:

We aimed to predict the therapeutic window for anxiety-reducing effects of CBD in humans based on preclinical models.

Methods:

We conducted two systematic searches in PubMed and Embase up to August 2021, into pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) data of systemic CBD exposure in humans and animals, which includes anxiety-reducing and potential side effects. Risk of bias was assessed with SYRCLE’s RoB tool and Cochrane RoB 2.0. A control group was an inclusion criterion in outcome studies. In human outcome studies, randomisation was required. We excluded studies that co-administered other substances. We used the IB-de-risk tool for a translational integration of outcomes.

Results:

We synthesised data from 87 studies. For most observations (70.3%), CBD had no effect on anxiety outcomes. There was no identifiable relation between anxiety outcomes and drug levels across species. In all species (humans, mice, rats), anxiety-reducing effects seemed to be clustered in certain concentration ranges, which differed between species.

Discussion:

A straightforward dosing recommendation was not possible, given variable concentration–effect relations across species, and no consistent linear effect of CBD on anxiety reduction. Currently, these results raise questions about the broad use as a drug for anxiety. Meta-analytic studies are needed to quantitatively investigate drug efficacy, including aspects of anxiety symptomatology. Acute and (sub)chronic dosing studies with integrated PK and PD outcomes are required for substantiated dose recommendations.
D2-like receptor activation by intranasal dopamine attenuates fear responses induced by electrical stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal grey matter, but fails to reduce aversion to pit vipers and T-maze performance
Authors: de Figueiredo Rebeca Machado , Falconi-Sobrinho Luiz Luciano , Leite-Panissi Christie Ramos Andrade , Huston Joseph P , Mattern Claudia , de Carvalho Milene Cristina , Coimbra Norberto Cysne
Published: October 2022

Background:

Panic-like reactions elicited by electrical stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal grey matter (ES-dPAG) seem to be regulated by dopamine (DA). We showed that DA applied intranasally (IN) increased escape-behaviour thresholds induced by ES-dPAG of rats, indicating a panicolytic-like effect.

Aims:

We investigated whether IN-DA increases escape-response thresholds induced by ES-dPAG by acting on D2-like receptors, and whether IN-DA affects escape responses elicited by the presence of a potential predator and by open space and height of the elevated T-maze (ETM) as well as motor performance in the open field (OF) test.

Methods:

Wistar rats exposed to ES-dPAG were treated with Sulpiride (SUL, 40 mg/kg, D2-like receptor antagonist) previously IN-DA (2 mg/kg). Independent groups of rats treated with IN-DA were submitted to prey versus snake paradigm (PSP), ETM and OF.

Results:

Anti-aversive effects of the IN-DA were reduced by SUL pretreatment in the ES-dPAG test. IN-DA did not affect the escape number in the PSP nor the escape latencies in the ETM as well as motor performance in the OF.

Conclusions/interpretation:

The IN-DA effects in reducing unconditioned fear responses elicited by ES-dPAG seem to be mediated by D2-like receptors. The lack of effects on panic-related responses in the ETM and PSP may be related to the possibility of avoiding the danger inherent to these models, a defence strategy not available during ES-dPAG. These findings cannot be attributed to motor performance. The decision-making responses to avoid dangerous situations can be orchestrated by supra-mesencephalic structures connected by non-dopaminergic inputs.
Microarray data reveal potential genes that regulate triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Pan Chi , Cong Aihua , Ni Qingtao
Published: October 2022

Objective

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by a lack of targeted therapies and poor patient prognosis, and its underlying pathological mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to identify potential key genes and related pathways that are required for TNBC development.

Methods

We screened the Gene Expression Omnibus database for transcriptome data and identified differently expressed genes in TNBC. Then, we performed Gene Ontology analysis to determine the genes and pathways involved in TNBC development. We correlated significantly expressed genes and miRNAs using miRDB, TargetScan, miRWalk, and DIANA, and then validated the expression of CDK1 and miR-143-3p in TNBC patients.

Results

Eighteen genes were significantly upregulated in TNBC patients, and these were found to be enriched in cell metabolic process, cell division, mitochondrion, and respiratory chain. MiR-143-3p was found to be an upstream regulator of CDK1. Validation experiments revealed that CDK1 was upregulated while miR-143-3p was downregulated in clinical TNBC specimens.

Conclusions

Collectively, our results revealed 18 upregulated genes in TNBC. Notably, CDK1 and its related microRNA miR-143-3p could be potential therapeutic targets for TNBC.
Chemo-surgical approach in vulvar leiomyosarcoma: A case report
Authors: Capalbo Giuseppe , Logoteta Alessandra , Gallo Roberta , Cuccu Ilaria , Gentile Gabriella , Arienzo Francesca , Musella Angela , Pernazza Angelina , Perniola Giorgia , Di Donato Violante , Manganaro Lucia , Bogani Giorgio , Palaia Innocenza
Published: October 2022

Introduction:

Primary sarcoma of the vulva is an extremely rare entity, representing only 1%–3% of all vulvar malignant neoplasms. Among sarcomas, leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is the most prevalent histologic variant. Due to the rarity of LMS, guidelines are lacking and phase III trials have not been carried out, so clinical management is based on local clinical practice and physician experience.

Case presentation:

Here, we described a case of primary LMS of the vulva and its successful management, with the adoption of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery. We report a case of a 74-year-old woman with 12.5 cm vulvar LMS. The patient received three cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with a partial response. Radical vulvectomy with vulvar reconstruction with V-F flap was carried out. Surgical margins were negative. Three additional cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy were delivered.

Results:

One year after treatment, the patient was disease-free.

Conclusion:

There are no approved therapeutic protocols for this rare neoplasia. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment. However, it is not always feasible, so neoadjuvant chemotherapy was delivered for downstaging the vulvar lesion. We suppose that neoadjuvant chemotherapy has optimized the possibilities of radical surgery. Despite the anectodical nature of this case presentation, neoadjuvant chemotherapy seems a valid therapeutic option for managing patients with bulky vulvar sarcoma. Further large collaborative studies are warranted to identify the best therapeutic option for these patients.
Womanism and Re-Imagining Black Women's Health Promotion
Authors: Barlow Jameta Nicole , Venkataraman Shreenithi
Published: October 2022

Black women have been historically disenfranchised by the healthcare system. We apply a Womanist framework—a social change model developed by Black women scholars, including Zora Neale Hurston, Alice Walker, Clenora Hudson-Weems, Layli Philips and many others— to health promotion, reimagining Black women’s health grounded in a framework designed by Black women. Five modalities in particular—dialogue, harmonizing and coordinating, hospitality, mutual aid and social support, and mothering— present an opportunity for radical change within health promotion. We offer a consideration of how these modalities might be utilized to improve health promotion for Black women.
Impact of Pharmacist Monitoring of Serum Triglycerides for Critically Ill Patients Receiving Propofol
Authors: Ivey Katelin A. , Bolesta Scott
Published: October 2022

Background: Elevated serum triglycerides due to the use of propofol for sedation in the ICU is associated with adverse effects and serum triglyceride monitoring may be improved by pharmacists. Objective: To determine if there was improvement in serum triglyceride monitoring in ICU patients receiving propofol for sedation after implementation of a pharmacist-driven triglyceride monitoring protocol. Methods: This was a single-center pre-post-intervention retrospective cohort study. The protocol was implemented on January 10 2019. Data were collected over 1 year, and patients were divided between those started on propofol before and after protocol implementation. Results: There were 412 patients included in the final analysis with no significant differences between groups. There was a significant increase in the number of patients who had a triglyceride concentration obtained after protocol implementation (31.1% pre-vs 64.0% post-protocol; P < .001). For patients on propofol greater than 24 h, there was a significant increase in baseline triglyceride concentration obtained (7.6% pre-vs 15.1% post-protocol; P = .043). More instances of elevated triglyceride concentrations were identified by pharmacists than other providers (9 vs 5; P < .001). Time between propofol being ordered and first triglyceride concentration ordered was shorter (.86 days pre-protocol vs .71 days post-protocol; P = .064), but not statistically significant. Conclusion: Implementation of a pharmacist-driven protocol in the ICU increased the number of serum triglyceride levels obtained for patients receiving propofol for sedation. Pharmacists can improve triglyceride monitoring in patients receiving propofol and future studies should investigate the impact on outcomes.
Experimental investigation of hole expansion ratio for automotive-grade steels
Authors: Chinara Manaswini , Paul Surajit Kumar , Chatterjee Sudin , Mukherjee Subrata
Published: October 2022

Hole expansion ratio (HER) is widely used to quantify the stretch-flangeability of sheet metal. HER is determined from the maximum limit of successful expansion of a central hole by a conical punch. The central hole edge is prepared by the punching process. Around 45° cracks are noticed at the central hole edge after successfully completing the hole expansion test. HER of punched hole correlates with uniaxial tensile properties like yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, total elongation, post-uniform elongation, and coefficient of normal anisotropy. Comparisons of strength (yield strength, ultimate tensile strength), anisotropy (coefficient of normal anisotropy) and deformation (total elongation, post-uniform elongation) parameters among steel grades are essential to relate HER among steel grades. Interstitial free steel is the highest, and SPFH steel is the lowest HER among the four steel grades. HER correlates nicely with the notch mouth opening displacement at peak load.
Rapid stability analysis of variable pitch and helix end mills using a non-iterative multi-frequency solution
Authors: Bari Pritam , Kilic Zekai Murat , Law Mohit
Published: October 2022

Variable pitch and helix end mills disturb the regeneration mechanism that causes chatter vibrations, and as such, they enable stable, high-performance, and high material removal rate milling processes. The regeneration mechanism is altered by the non-uniform tool geometry that results in multiple or distributed delays between vibrations imprinted on the machined surface. The design procedure for these cutters needs characterization of the stability diagrams to decide the non-uniform geometry that improves the absolute minimum stable depth of cut as well as the changes in the size and location of stability pockets. This paper presents a unified method to rapidly analyze the stability of variable helix and pitch cutters with multiple or distributed delays using a non-iterative multi-frequency domain approach that uses the Nyquist criterion to check stability at every spindle speed and depth of cut tuple. Predictions are benchmarked with the established and widely used semi-discretization method and verified with previously published experimental data, which are further validated by our own experiments. The proposed method is as accurate as of the established one while offering computational savings of up to 94%. Since explorations of alternate and better designs were potentially precluded by the computational inefficiency of previous methods, and since the method proposed herein is fast and accurate, it can help to accelerate the design of improved variable helix and pitch end mills for their use in industrial settings.
The use of dupilumab in patients with HIV
Authors: Edmonds Nicole , Zhao Patricia , Flowers Richard H
Published: October 2022

Background

The goal of this study was to complete the first Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) based systematic review of dupilumab use in patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Methods

A systematic literature review was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, Ovid MEDLINE, and Science Direct databases as well as an internal review using University of Virginia’s electronic medical record system. All reports of dupilumab use in patients with confirmed HIV were included.

Results

14 published cases comprising 23 patients were identified and included in the review. Additionally, four unpublished cases from our own institution were included for a final cohort of 27 patients. A total of 25 patients (96%) were observed to have a clinical response, defined as improvement or complete resolution of their cutaneous or asthmatic symptoms. In 100% of patients, viral load improved or did not change, and in 80% of patients, CD4 counts remained stable. Side effects occurred in 48% of patients but were self-limited.

Discussion and Conclusions

All reported cases indicate that dupilumab is safe in patients with HIV with stable CD4 counts and low viral loads. Most patients had significant improvement within 2 months of treatment with mild side effects.
Physician–Medical Manufacturing Industry Relationships: Perceptions of Malaysians
Authors: Kaur A. , Singh S. , Ng D.C.Y. , Pok W.F.
Published: October 2022

The relations between physicians and the medical manufacturing industry(MMI) which includes pharmaceutical, medical device or implants or life science industry, etc., are well known. To promote better physician–patient relationship and to safeguard patients’ interest, it has been proposed to make physician–industry financial relations transparent and accessible to public. This study aimed to explore Malaysian public’s perceptions towards these relationships.

A survey questionnaire was specifically prepared to meet the objective of the study after a review of the existing literature. Statements describing various types of physician–industry financial interactions were formulated based on previous research. The participants were instructed to mark their response to each statement based on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree.

More than half (57.1%) of the participants were aware of the relationships between physicians and MMI and online database was noted to be the most preferred type of disclosure. Age, gender, race, education status, annual income and subjective health influenced the perceptions. Since consumers (patients) are the key stakeholders of the healthcare industry, their opinions are important. It is hoped that disclosing the financial relationships will help them to make a better-informed decision while choosing their healthcare provider.
School Nurse Staffing in Texas Alternative High Schools: A Mixed Methods Exploration
Authors: Johnson Karen E. , Thurman Whitney , Hoskote Ashwini , Preston Angela , Rew Lynn , Maughan Erin D.
Published: October 2022

School nurses represent cost-effective investments in students’ health and educational success. Alternative high schools (AHSs) serve an understudied population of youth who are at risk for school dropout and face numerous social inequities, heightening their risk for poor health outcomes. In this two-phase explanatory sequential mixed methods study, we examined school nurse staffing in Texas AHSs. Findings suggest Texas AHSs face understaffing for familiar reasons common across districts (e.g., lack of funding), but also reveal potential deeper inequities. Quantitative findings indicate 71% of Texas AHSs have some form of nursing support, most often an on-call or part-time nurse. Qualitative findings support and enrich this finding with insights into the negative consequences of not having a full-time nurse, indiscriminate approaches to staffing AHSs, and how AHSs can be the only school in the district without a full-time nurse. Altogether, our findings reveal opportunities to better support AHSs with adequate nursing support.
The Risk of Major Bleeding With Apixaban Administration in Patients With Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Givens Gabrielle , Neu Daniel , Marler Jacob
Published: October 2022

Background:

Apixaban is eliminated by the kidneys and in acute kidney injury (AKI) there is potential for an increase in apixaban exposure and bleeding events. In one instance, data have shown higher than normal bleed risk in patients with AKI, unless calibrated anti-factor Xa monitoring is used, which is not widely available.

Objective:

To evaluate bleeding with apixaban administration to hospitalized patients with an AKI in an unmonitored real-world scenario.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective study of patients admitted to a large urban academic teaching hospital from April 2015 to March 2022, who received apixaban for venous thromboembolism or nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). The primary outcome evaluated major bleeding when apixaban was administered to patients with or without an AKI.

Results:

A total of 232 patients were evaluated (116 per group). Most patients (79.7%) were on apixaban for NVAF, 32.7% had chronic kidney disease, 58.2% were on a medication increasing bleed risk, and HAS-BLED score was a median of 2 in both groups. No differences were noted between groups for bleeding (AKI group 7.8% vs non-AKI 3.4%; P = 0.15), and on regression analysis, coadministration of a P2Y12 inhibitor was predictive of major bleeding (odds ratio = 5.9; 95% confidence interval = 1.4-23.6).

Conclusion and Relevance:

Although no differences between groups were noted, apixaban use in the AKI group resulted in a higher than normally reported incidence of apixaban-associated major bleeding, and concomitant antiplatelet use increased bleed risk as well. Cautious use of apixaban and further investigation with larger studies are warranted in this area.
‘Don’t freak out if you get a letter saying cancer patient pathways!’: Communication work between different demands in cancer care
Authors: Næss Siri Christine K
Published: October 2022

This article explores healthcare professionals’ experiences of their work with patient communication in standardised cancer patient pathways (CPPs). The theoretical and methodological framework for this study is institutional ethnography. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 72 healthcare professionals, including general practitioners, specialist physicians and other hospital staff, in five Norwegian hospitals. The study reveals four aspects of communication work that illuminate how the CPP policy mediates the way healthcare professionals interact with patients through communicating continuity, communicating (by dodging) the dreaded C-word, communicating patient participation, and communicating the relevance of time. Healthcare professionals’ balancing of their different experiential realities run as a common thread through the four aspects of communication work identified in this study. The CPP policy, with its explicit focus on transparency, speed, and time frames creates challenges in an already delicate situation.
Successful Management of Spontaneous Iliac Vein Rupture with Double Bare Stent Technique: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: QI Hao-Shan , KWAN Kristine J.S. , LI Hai-Lei
Published: October 2022

Spontaneous rupture of the iliac vein is a rare cause of retroperitoneal hematoma. A misdiagnosis may delay the treatment and consequently put the patient in a life-threatening emergency. We report the case of a 73-year-old woman who presented with hemorrhagic shock from bleeding caused by a large left retroperitoneal hematoma. She was successfully treated with an endovascular approach by using a double bare stent technique. An extensive review of the literature was conducted and a total 44 articles with 50 patients were identified. Among these patients, 88.2% were women, 94.1% presented with a left-sided rupture, and the mortality rate was 13.7%. Spontaneous iliac vein rupture was more likely to occur in the left side in female patients. Conservative treatment was an option in hemodynamically stable patients. Exploratory laparotomy and surgical iliac vein repair was necessitated in most patients. Endovascular treatment including placement of covered stent and coil embolization had been widely used to treat spontaneous vein rupture since 2003. Double bare stent technique was also an effective alternative if a suitable covered stent was unavailable.