bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seismic Performance and Calculation Method of Precast Reduced Beam Section Connection
Authors: Qi Hao , Hu Shaowei , Xue Xiang , Shan Changxi , Li Wenhao , Wang Yajia , Wang Peiyi
Published: October 2023

To prevent brittle damage and improve the post-earthquake rapid repair capability of beam-column connections, a precast reduced beam section (PRBS) connection joint that can be rapidly repaired under earthquake action was proposed in this study. Four specimens, including a repaired specimen, were subjected to a quasi-static test to investigate the seismic performance and repair ability of the connection. Seismic performance indices such as the failure mode, hysteresis curve, skeleton curve, strain distribution, and ductility were obtained through observations and analyses. The results indicated that the novel connection exhibited superior load-bearing, energy dissipation, and rotation capacities, compared to the welded flange-bolted web and traditional bone-weakened connections. This novel connection effectively relocated the plastic hinge to alter the failure mode and prevent brittle damage. Additionally, rapid post-earthquake repair was achieved by replacing the dog-bone-style splice section, maintaining a high load-bearing capacity and seismic performance. Finite element (FE) models were established to analyze the mechanical behavior of the specimens, and a parametric analysis was conducted to study the influence of different parameters on the load-bearing capacity of the connection. Based on the experimental and FE analysis results, the possible yield and failure modes of the connection were analyzed, and a calculation method for the bearing capacity of the PRBS connection was proposed. A comparative result demonstrates that the proposed calculation method can accurately predict the load-carrying capacity of a connection.
Integrating Passive Energy Efficient Measures to the Building Envelope of a Multi-Apartment Building in Sweden: Analysis of Final Energy Savings and Cost Effectiveness
Authors: Boussaa Youcef , Dodoo Ambrose , Nguyen Truong , Rupar-Gadd Katarina
Published: October 2023

A major challenge in building energy renovation is to cost effectively achieve notable energy savings. This paper investigates cost-effective passive energy-efficiency measures for thermal envelope retrofit of a typical Swedish multi-apartment building from the 1970s. Here, the use of different types of insulation materials for the retrofits of roof, exterior walls, and ground floor are analyzed along with changing windows and doors with varying thermal transmittance values. The cost-effectiveness analysis is based on the net present value of the investment costs of the energy-efficiently measures and the achieved energy cost saving. Different economic scenarios and renovation cases are considered in techno-economic analyses to determine the cost-effective energy-efficiency retrofit measures. The results indicate that improved windows reduce energy demand for space heating by up to 23% and yield the highest final energy savings. However, additional mineral wool roof insulation is the most cost-effective measure under all economic scenarios. This measure gave the lowest ratio of cost effectiveness of about 0.1, which was obtained under the stable scenario. The final energy savings that can be achieved in a cost-effective manner vary between 28% and 61%, depending on the economic scenario and renovation case. This analysis emphasizes the influence of different renovation cases and economic parameters on the cost effectiveness of passive energy-efficiency measures.
MicroRNA Expression Patterns Reveal a Role of the TGF-β Family Signaling in AML Chemo-Resistance
Authors: Reichelt Paula , Bernhart Stephan , Wilke Franziska , Schwind Sebastian , Cross Michael , Platzbecker Uwe , Behre Gerhard
Published: October 2023

Resistance to chemotherapy is ultimately responsible for the majority of AML-related deaths, making the identification of resistance pathways a high priority. Transcriptomics approaches can be used to identify genes regulated at the level of transcription or mRNA stability but miss microRNA-mediated changes in translation, which are known to play a role in chemo-resistance. To address this, we compared miRNA profiles in paired chemo-sensitive and chemo-resistant subclones of HL60 cells and used a bioinformatics approach to predict affected pathways. From a total of 38 KEGG pathways implicated, TGF-β/activin family signaling was selected for further study. Chemo-resistant HL60 cells showed an increased TGF-β response but were not rendered chemo-sensitive by specific inhibitors. Differential pathway expression in primary AML samples was then investigated at the RNA level using publically available gene expression data in the TGCA database and by longitudinal analysis of pre- and post-resistance samples available from a limited number of patients. This confirmed differential expression and activity of the TGF-β family signaling pathway upon relapse and revealed that the expression of TGF-β and activin signaling genes at diagnosis was associated with overall survival. Our focus on a matched pair of cytarabine sensitive and resistant sublines to identify miRNAs that are associated specifically with resistance, coupled with the use of pathway analysis to rank predicted targets, has thus identified the activin/TGF-β signaling cascade as a potential target for overcoming resistance in AML.
The Different Roles of MET in the Development and Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Mollerup Jens , Jørgensen Jan Trøst
Published: October 2023

This Special Issue features contributions from leading international researchers in the field of MET (hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor) biology and therapeutics [...]
Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases: Challenges in Imaging Interpretation after Treatment
Authors: Romano Andrea , Moltoni Giulia , Blandino Antonella , Palizzi Serena , Romano Allegra , de Rosa Giulia , De Blasi Palma Lara , Monopoli Cristiana , Guarnera Alessia , Minniti Giuseppe , Bozzao Alessandro
Published: October 2023

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has transformed the management of brain metastases by achieving local tumor control, reducing toxicity, and minimizing the need for whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT). This review specifically investigates radiation-induced changes in patients treated for metastasis, highlighting the crucial role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of treatment response, both at very early and late stages. The primary objective of the review is to evaluate the most effective imaging techniques for assessing radiation-induced changes and distinguishing them from tumor growth. The limitations of conventional imaging methods, which rely on size measurements, dimensional criteria, and contrast enhancement patterns, are critically evaluated. In addition, it has been investigated the potential of advanced imaging modalities to offer a more precise and comprehensive evaluation of treatment response. Finally, an overview of the relevant literature concerning the interpretation of brain changes in patients undergoing immunotherapies is provided.
Expression of Toll-like Receptors in Stem Cells of the Apical Papilla and Its Implication for Regenerative Endodontics
Authors: Takimoto Koyo , Widbiller Matthias , Diogenes Anibal
Published: October 2023

Regenerative therapies to replace cells and tissues damaged due to trauma and dental infections require temporal and spatial controlled recruitment and the differentiation of progenitor/stem cells. However, increasing evidence shows microbial antigens can interfere with this process. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial in recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAP) are required for normal dental development and are intimately involved in the reparative and regenerative capacity of developing teeth. We hypothesized that TLRs are expressed in SCAP and that the activation of TLR2/TLR4 or TLR3 by different ligands results in differential cellular fate, impacting their differentiation into a mineralizing phenotype. We found that most TLRs are expressed as detected by PCR except TLR7 and TLR8; exposure to heat-killed E. coli results in upregulating TLR2 and TLR4 and reducing mineralization capacity. In addition, bacterial exposure resulted in the upregulation of 11 genes, of which 9 were chemokines whose proteins were also upregulated and released, promoting in vitro macrophage migration. On the other hand, TLR3 activation resulted in increased proliferation and a dramatic inhibition of osteogenic and odontoblastic differentiation, which was reversed by inhibition or the knockdown of TLR3 expression. The profound effects of TLR activation resulting in different cell fates that are ligand and receptor-specific warrants further evaluation and represents an important therapeutic target to make regenerative approaches more predictable following dental infections.
Association between the Carbohydrate Quality Index (CQI) and Nutritional Adequacy in a Pediatric Cohort: The SENDO Project
Authors: Fabios Elise , Martínez-González Miguel Ángel , García-Blanco Lorena , de la O Víctor , Santiago Susana , Zazpe Itziar , Martín-Calvo Nerea
Published: October 2023

Suboptimal micronutrient intake in children remains a public health concern around the world. This study examined the relationship between a previously defined dietary carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and the risk of micronutrient intake inadequacy in a pediatric cohort of Spanish preschoolers. Children aged 4–5 years old were recruited at their medical center or at school, and information on sociodemographic, dietary, and lifestyle variables were collected through a self-administered online questionnaire. Dietary information was obtained from a validated 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We calculated the CQI and categorized participants into quartiles according to their scores. We assessed the intakes of 20 micronutrients and evaluated the probability of intake inadequacy by using the estimated average requirement cut-off point. Generalized estimating equations were used to adjust for potential confounders and account for the intra-cluster correlations between siblings. The adjusted proportions of children with an inadequate intake of ≥three micronutrients were 23%, 12%, 11%, and 9% in the first, second, third, and fourth quartiles of the CQI, respectively. Children in the highest quartile of the CQI had 0.22-fold lower odds (95% CI 0.10–0.48) of having ≥three inadequate micronutrient intakes than their peers in the lowest quartile. These findings reinforce the relevance of carbohydrate quality in children’s diets.
Opportunities and Challenges of Prognostic Models for Extremely Preterm Infants
Authors: de Boer Angret , van Beek Pauline E. , Andriessen Peter , Groenendaal Floris , Hogeveen Marije , Meijer Julia S. , Obermann-Borst Sylvia A. , Onland Wes , Scheepers Liesbeth (H. C. J.) , Vermeulen Marijn J. , Verweij E. J. T. (Joanne) , De Proost Lien , Geurtzen Rosa
Published: October 2023

Predicting the short- and long-term outcomes of extremely preterm infants remains a challenge. Multivariable prognostic models might be valuable tools for clinicians, parents, and policymakers for providing accurate outcome estimates. In this perspective, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of using prognostic models in extremely preterm infants at population and individual levels. At a population level, these models could support the development of guidelines for decisions about treatment limits and may support policy processes such as benchmarking and resource allocation. At an individual level, these models may enhance prenatal counselling conversations by considering multiple variables and improving transparency about expected outcomes. Furthermore, they may improve consistency in projections shared with parents. For the development of prognostic models, we discuss important considerations such as predictor and outcome measure selection, clinical impact assessment, and generalizability. Lastly, future recommendations for developing and using prognostic models are suggested. Importantly, the purpose of a prognostic model should be clearly defined, and integrating these models into prenatal counselling requires thoughtful consideration.
High Gas Pressure and High-Temperature Synthesis (HP-HTS) Technique and Its Impact on Iron-Based Superconductors
Authors: Azam Mohammad , Manasa Manasa , Morawski Andrzej , Cetner Tomasz , Singh Shiv
Published: October 2023

The high-pressure growth technique generally plays an important role in the improvement of sample quality and the enhancement of various physical and magnetic properties of materials. The high gas pressure technique provides a large sample space (10–15 cm) to grow various kinds of materials. In this paper, we introduce the high gas pressure and high-temperature synthesis (HP-HTS) technique that is present at our institute and is applied to the growth process of different kinds of superconducting materials, particularly iron-based superconductors. More details and the working principle of this HP-HTS technique are discussed. We have also demonstrated the current results based on iron-based superconductors by using this unique HP-HTS technique. These results demonstrate the enhancement of the superconducting properties with improved sample quality compared to the conventional synthesis process at ambient pressure.
Flea (Insecta: Siphonaptera) Family Diversity
Authors: Bossard Robert L. , Lareschi Marcela , Urdapilleta Mara , Cutillas Cristina , Zurita Antonio
Published: October 2023

This overview of extant Siphonaptera lists 19 families with major hosts and their general distribution, estimated numbers of genera, species, and subspecies, with a brief taxonomic and phylogenetic review. With around 10 new species described annually, extant flea fauna comprises an estimated 249 genera, 2215 species, and 714 subspecies globally, mostly mammal parasites, but 5% of species are on birds. Host specificity varies from euryxenous (i.e., infesting two or more host orders) (e.g., cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis felis) to monoxenous (e.g., rabbit fleas, Spilopsyllus cuniculi). The largest family is the paraphyletic Hystrichopsyllidae, making up a third of all flea species. The largest monophyletic family, Ceratophyllidae (rodent and bird fleas), comprises another 20% and has dispersed to every continent, including Antarctica. Fleas descend from scorpionflies (Mecoptera), possibly snow scorpionflies (Boreidae) or Nannochoristidae, and even giant fossils found from the Mesozoic could be Siphonaptera. The diversification of fleas shows evidence of taxon cycles. “Relict” families, such as helmet fleas (Stephanocircidae), have a disjunct distribution reflecting the breakup of Gondwanaland 70 million years ago. “Niche specialists” include nest fleas (Anomiopsyllus), bat fleas (Ischnopsyllidae), and burrowing fleas, such as chigoes (Tungidae). By contrast, Ceratophyllidae fleas could be considered “great speciators”. Cat fleas and several other synanthropic flea species are invasive “supertramps”. Although those species are intensively studied, many flea species and their hosts require urgent surveys and conservation.
Soil Biological Properties along a Topographic Gradient in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest Biome
Authors: Burak Diego Lang , Silveira Thamyres Cardoso da , Machado Luciana Ventura , Mendonça Eduardo de Sá
Published: October 2023

The Atlantic Forest exhibits remarkable floristic diversity over short distances, and when combined with altitude, it results in variations in soil biological properties and hydrological dynamics. This study aimed to quantify the distribution pattern of soil biological properties along a small topographic gradient and identify how these properties are related to soil chemical, physical, and topographical attributes in an Atlantic Forest fragment in Brazil. Plots were established along hillslope positions varying from 100 to 180 m of altitude. Soil biological characterization was performed at a depth of 0.0–0.10 m in both summer and winter seasons. The lowland showed higher microbial biomass nitrogen in summer (57.28 ± 5.57 μg g−1 soil) and higher anaerobically mineralizable nitrogen in summer and winter (42.70 ± 2.14 mg kg−1 and 41.06 ± 3.37 mg kg−1, respectively). The midland showed lower microbial biomass carbon, enzymatic activity, and soil moisture in both seasons, and higher metabolic coefficients in summer. Soil chemical properties exerted a greater influence on the variability of biological properties in both seasons. The land slope conditioned lower microbial activity and organic cycling in the midland. Soil biological properties were affected by seasonality. Even a small altitudinal gradient (up to 100 m) in the Sea of Hills regions of the Atlantic Forest can lead to significant changes in soil biological and chemical attributes.
TURBO: The Swiss Knife of Auto-Encoders
Authors: Quétant Guillaume , Belousov Yury , Kinakh Vitaliy , Voloshynovskiy Slava
Published: October 2023

We present a novel information-theoretic framework, termed as TURBO, designed to systematically analyse and generalise auto-encoding methods. We start by examining the principles of information bottleneck and bottleneck-based networks in the auto-encoding setting and identifying their inherent limitations, which become more prominent for data with multiple relevant, physics-related representations. The TURBO framework is then introduced, providing a comprehensive derivation of its core concept consisting of the maximisation of mutual information between various data representations expressed in two directions reflecting the information flows. We illustrate that numerous prevalent neural network models are encompassed within this framework. The paper underscores the insufficiency of the information bottleneck concept in elucidating all such models, thereby establishing TURBO as a preferable theoretical reference. The introduction of TURBO contributes to a richer understanding of data representation and the structure of neural network models, enabling more efficient and versatile applications.
Evaluating the Efficiency of Human Capital at Small and Medium Enterprises in the Manufacturing Sector Using the DEA-Weight Russell Directional Distance Model
Authors: Rosales-Córdova Aldebarán , Carmona-Benítez Rafael Bernardo
Published: October 2023

The present research aims to analyze the efficiency of human capital in relation to sales in each of the subsectors of economic activity within Mexican small- and medium-sized enterprises in the manufacturing industry. To accomplish this, a panel data set covering the years 2009–2020 is utilized. The inputs used are investment in training, salary, and days worked, with sales as the output. Initially, due to the high variability (cv > 1) of both the inputs and the output, the information is divided into three groups by quartiles: Group 1 < 25%, Group 2 = 25–75%, and Group 3 > 75%. As a first step in the analysis, a hypothesis test identifies a significant increase in sales for those subsectors that reported investing in training compared with those that did not. As a result, for the efficiency analysis, SMEs that report not investing in training are removed from the sample. Subsequently, to confirm the statistical explanation of the inputs for the output, a regression analysis is performed. With an input-oriented DEA model, it is found that most subsectors exhibit high overall and pure efficiency (≥0.75) as well as increasing returns to scale. Interestingly, the research introduces a novel approach by proposing subgroups within SMEs, providing a more precise analysis. The findings of this study emphasize the fundamental role of human capital as a key driver of economic growth and innovation within the manufacturing sector. This research also highlights variations in efficiency among different subsectors, underscoring the need for tailored strategies for each. These results offer practical guidance for companies seeking to optimize their operations and contribute to the economic development of a developing country. In conclusion, this paper contributes both theoretically and practically to understanding the interaction between human capital and financial indicators. The results underscore the importance of investing in workforce development, ultimately promoting economic growth, improving productivity, and advancing social progress.
Reducing Key Barriers to Classroom Physical Activity Improves Implementation Fidelity in Ontario Elementary Classrooms
Authors: Bigelow Hannah , Singh Shelby , Fenesi Barbara
Published: October 2023

Background: Schools are the front lines of children’s physical activity. Students who participate in daily physical activity (DPA) within their classrooms show improved physical strength, physical fitness, academic success, and mental well-being. However, teachers face many barriers to DPA implementation. The current study evaluated whether providing a DPA toolkit that offers greater access to DPA resources and requires minimal training for teachers to implement could improve DPA implementation. Methods: A total of 343 teachers from Ontario, Canada, completed a pre-survey assessing DPA practices and were given access to a DPA toolkit containing easily accessible and usable DPA resources to implement between January and March 2023. A total of 142 participants completed the post-survey to assess for changes in DPA practice. Several repeated measures of ANOVA were conducted with a three-level factor of grade level (1–3, 4–6, and 7–8) and within the subject factor of time (pre- to post-survey) on key outcome variables. Results: Findings revealed that the DPA toolkit improved DPA fidelity (p = 0.007, η2p = 0.053) and promoted teacher confidence in implementing DPA (p < 0.001, η2p = 0.285) and enjoyment in implementing DPA (p < 0.001, η2p = 0.177). Many improvements were most prominent among teachers teaching grades 1–3 and 4–6. Conclusions: By providing teachers with adequate DPA resources that minimize teacher training, there can be significant improvements in DPA implementation with notable cognitive and psycho-emotional benefits for both teachers and students.
Automation of the Photobioreactor Lighting System to Manage Light Distribution in Microalgae Cultures
Authors: Brzychczyk Beata , Giełżecki Jan , Kijanowski Krzysztof , Hebda Tomasz , Rzepka Filip
Published: October 2023

Automation of the lighting system for phototrophiccultures in photobioreactors is a process of automation and control of lighting inside. Photosynthetic microorganisms, in order to develop and grow, require a species-specific type of visible light radiation. The automation of the lighting system was based on the industrial PLC Modicon TM221C24T controller according to the submitted and received patent No. 242154. The system was integrated with a quantum sensor, which allows for setting the colour of light and controlling the intensity and exposure time based on protocols set by the operator. The data obtained from the PAR photosynthetically active radiation sensor make it possible to adjust the distribution of light to the actual needs of the culture’s radiant energy. The unit also allows for remote control of multiculture farms. It allows you to simulate sunrise and sunset using the astronomical clock function set for a given species of microalgae. Ultimately, the work was undertaken on the implementation and use of a system for measuring the light spectrum at each point of the bioreactor using a fibre-optic immersion probe.
A New Tree Graph Method for Synthesizing Planetary Gear Trains of Vehicle Powertrains
Authors: Yang Wenjian , Li Yongtao , Cui Rongjiang , Kang Hongmei
Published: October 2023

The function of vehicle powertrains is to transmit power from the power source (engine or electric machine) to the output shaft. Different torques and speeds of the output shaft are achieved through the structure of planetary gear train (PGT). The performance of a powertrain depends on the choice of topological structure of the PGT to a large extent. The topological synthesis of PGTs is of great significance to the design of new powertrains. A tree graph method for the topological synthesis of PGTs is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the rules for generating (N + 1)-link tree graphs from N-link tree graphs are proposed. Then, the method for adding geared edges into the tree graph is presented, and topological graphs of 1-DOF PGTs are directly synthesized from their tree graphs. A unified algorithm applicable for both open-loop and closed-loop graphs is proposed to eliminate isomorphic tree graphs and topological graphs of PGTs. The complete atlases of tree graphs and topological graphs of 1-DOF PGTs with three to ten links are obtained for the first time.
Payment for Environmental Services and the Financial Viability of Agroforestry Systems: An Integrated Analysis of Socio-Environmental Projects in the Descoberto Basin—Federal District
Authors: Dominicis Lucas Francisco de , Lima Maria de Fátima de Brito , Souza Álvaro Nogueira de , Joaquim Maísa Santos , Araújo Juliana Baldan Costa Neves , Coelho Junior Luiz Moreira , Ribeiro José Felipe , Santos Pedro Pereira dos
Published: October 2023

The policy of payments for environmental services is implemented in public policies in Brazil, and there are many efforts to increase projects that subsidize rural producers, combining payments with incentives for good agricultural practices that promote these services. Thinking about ways to add these values in projects to restore degraded areas is an opportunity to generate monetary benefits for producers and attractiveness for stakeholders, aiming to increase investments in projects of this nature and gain scale in the restoration of these areas. In this way, this study evaluated the financial viability of a project to implement 16.9 hectares of agroforestry systems in agrarian reform settlements located in the Descoberto HydrographicBasin near Brasília, Federal District, and the proposition of a scenario of payment for environmental services associated with adoption of this agricultural practice by producers. The results were promising for both investors and farmers, as demonstrated by the financial analysis criteria (NPV: USD 63,097.49, IRR: 71%, simple payback: 3 years). The PES scenario was even more attractive, proving to be an encouraging increase for the adoption of this practice by producers.
Assessing Fire Risk in Wildland–Urban Interface Regions Using a Machine Learning Method and GIS data: The Example of Istanbul’s European Side
Authors: Aksoy Ercüment , Kocer Abdulkadir , Yilmaz İsmail , Akçal Arif Nihat , Akpinar Kudret
Published: October 2023

Like many places around the world, the wildland–urban interface areas surrounding urban regions are subject to variable levels of fire risk, threatening the natural habitats they contact. This risk has been assessed by various authors using many different methods and numerical models. Among these approaches, machine learning models have been successfully applied to determine the weights of criteria in risk assessment and risk prediction studies. In Istanbul, data have been collected for areas that are yet to be urbanized but are foreseen to be at risk using geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing technologies based on fires that occurred between 2000 and 2021. Here, the land use/land cover (LULC) characteristics of the region were examined, and machine learning techniques, including random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and light gradient boosting (LGB) models, were applied to classify the factors that affect fires. The RF model yielded the best results, with an accuracy of 0.70, an F1 score of 0.71, and an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.76. In the RF model, the grouping between factors that initiate fires and factors that influence the spread of fires was distinct, and this distinction was also somewhat observable in the other two models. Risk scores were generated through the multiplication of the variable importance values of the factors and their respective layer values, culminating in a risk map for the region. The distribution of risk is in alignment with the number of fires that have previously occurred, and the risk in wildland–urban interface areas was found to be significantly higher than the risk in wildland areas alone.
Impacts of Long-Term Exposure to Ocean Acidification and Warming on Three-Spined Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) Growth and Reproduction
Authors: Devergne Jimmy , Loizeau Véronique , Lebigre Christophe , Bado-Nilles Anne , Collet Sophie , Mouchel Olivier , Iaria Ugo , Le Gall Marie-Madeleine , Madec Lauriane , Turiès Cyril , Servili Arianna
Published: October 2023

The warming and acidification of surface waters as predicted by the IPCC leads aquatic species to face major multifaceted changes in their environment. Although teleosts have efficient regulatory systems to cope with these changes, such changes clearly have the potential to impact their physiological functions. Hence, it is crucial to estimate the ability of teleost fishes to cope with multi-stresses to predict how they will deal with future environments. In this context, we investigated the joint effect of warming and acidification on three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from the juvenile stage to adulthood, focusing on parameters linked to growth, sexual maturation, and reproduction. Juvenile sticklebacks were split in 2 climate scenarios: a “Current” scenario corresponding to the current seasonal physico-chemical parameters of the water of the “Rade de Brest” in France, and a “RCP8.5” scenario with a warming of 3 °C and an acidification of 0.4 pH units. After 7 months, fish in the RCP8.5 scenario reached the same size and mass as those in the Current scenario, but they needed greater amounts of food to reach satiety. Furthermore, the mortality rate over the experiment was higher in the RCP8.5 scenario. Muscle lipid content, an indicator of energy reserves, was lower in females in the RCP8.5 scenario, suggesting an increased need for energy to maintain homeostasis and other physiological functions or a divergence in energy allocation strategy. Moreover, females exhibited lower sexual maturation and egg quality under the RCP8.5 scenario, which could have contributed to the lower fertilisation rate observed. Males were more resilient to the RCP8.5 scenario, exhibiting only a trend for lower kidney somatic index scores. Altogether, these results suggest a delay and/or an inhibition of gametogenesis and maturation in fish in warmed and acidified waters. The analysis of blood sex steroid concentrations, brain gene expression profiles, and physiological indexes did not allow us to discriminate between a delay and an inhibition of maturation in the RCP8.5 scenario. Overall, these findings clearly indicate that there is a long-term global impact of combined acidification and warming on the mortality and reproductive performance of three-spined stickleback.
Effect of Yogurt Addition on the Stability of Anthocyanin during Cold Storage of Strawberry, Raspberry, and Blueberry Smoothies
Authors: Ścibisz Iwona , Ziarno Małgorzata
Published: October 2023

The addition of yogurt to fruit smoothies enhances their nutritional value by introducing components not naturally found in fruit products. However, the addition of fermented products can affect the stability of fruit bioactive components in fruits, such as anthocyanins. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of varying yogurt additions (0, 10, 20, and 30%) on the stability of anthocyanins during a 4-week refrigerated storage period. The smoothies were obtained from purees of strawberry, raspberry, and blueberry, combined with apple juice and apple puree. In addition, to elucidate the causes of the observed changes in the smoothies, model studies were conducted using purified anthocyanin extracts obtained from the analyzed fruits. We assessed the effects of pH, hydrogen peroxide concentration, and the addition of cell-free extracts from Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus on changes in anthocyanin content during storage. We found that adding yogurt led to a decrease in anthocyanin stability during the 4-week cold storage period. Specifically, a 30% yogurt addition decreased anthocyanin stability in all tested beverages, while a 20% yogurt addition impacted the strawberry and raspberry smoothies. The degree to which yogurt affected anthocyanin stability was dependent on the source of the raw material. The most notable impact was observed in strawberry smoothies and the least in blueberry smoothies. The variability could be attributed to differences in anthocyanin profiles among the fruits, the chemical composition of the beverages, and the observed difference in the survival rates of lactic acid bacteria. Model studies showed that during the storage of anthocyanin extracts, the addition of hydrogen peroxide and cell-free extract had a significant effect, whereas pH within the examined range (3.0–4.5) did not affect anthocyanin stability.
Effects of Potassium Bicarbonate on Gel, Antioxidant and Water Distribution of Reduced-Phosphate Silver Carp Surimi Batter under Cold Storage
Authors: Fan Jing-Chao , Liu Guang-Hui , Wang Kai , Xie Chun , Kang Zhuang-Li
Published: October 2023

The changes in storage loss, water distribution status, gel characteristics, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs), total volatile basic nitrogen, and total plate count of cooked reduced-phosphate silver carp surimi batter during cold storage at 4 °C were investigated. The storage loss, content of free water, pH, hardness, TBARSs, total volatile basic nitrogen value, and total plate count of all cooked silver carp surimi batters significantly increased (p < 0.05) with an increase in cold storage time. Meanwhile, the content of immobilized water, whiteness, springiness, and cohesiveness significantly decreased (p < 0.05). At the same cold storage time, the sample of cooked reduced-phosphate silver carp surimi batter had lower water mobility, darker color, and better texture characteristics than the cooked silver carp surimi batter without potassium bicarbonate; however, the values of TBARSs, total volatile basic nitrogen, and total plate count were not significantly different (p > 0.05). This meant that there was no difference between potassium bicarbonate and sodium tripolyphosphate in antioxidant and antibacterial activity during the cold storage of silver carp surimi batter. To summarize, the use of potassium bicarbonate instead of sodium tripolyphosphate could produce cooked reduced-phosphate silver carp surimi batter with better water-holding capacity and gel characteristics during cold storage.
The Draft Genome of the “Golden Tide” Seaweed, Sargassum horneri: Characterization and Comparative Analysis
Authors: Wang Shengqin , Wu Mingjiang
Published: October 2023

Sargassum horneri, a prevalent species of brown algae found along the coast of the northwest Pacific Ocean, holds significant importance as a valuable source of bioactive compounds. However, its rapid growth can lead to the formation of a destructive “golden tide”, causing severe damage to the local economy and coastal ecosystems. In this study, we carried out de novo whole-genome sequencing of S. horneri using next-generation sequencing to unravel the genetic information of this alga. By utilizing a reference-guided de novo assembly pipeline with a closely related species, we successfully established a final assembled genome with a total length of 385 Mb. Repetitive sequences made up approximately 30.6% of this genome. Among the identified putative genes, around 87.03% showed homology with entries in the NCBI non-redundant protein database, with Ectocarpus siliculosus being the most closely related species for approximately one-third of these genes. One gene encoding an alkaline phosphatase family protein was found to exhibit positive selection, which could give a clue for the formation of S. horneri golden tides. Additionally, we characterized putative genes involved in fucoidan biosynthesis metabolism, a significant pathway in S. horneri. This study represents the first genome-wide characterization of a S. horneri species, providing crucial insights for future investigations, such as ecological genomic analyses.
Differentiation of Morphological Traits and Genome-Wide Expression Patterns between Rice Subspecies Indica and Japonica
Authors: Wang Meixia , Huang Lei , Kou Yixuan , Li Danqi , Hu Wan , Fan Dengmei , Cheng Shanmei , Yang Yi , Zhang Zhiyong
Published: October 2023

Changes in gene expression patterns can lead to the variation of morphological traits. This phenomenon is particularly evident in recent evolution events such as crop domestication and responses to environmental stress, where alterations in expression levels can efficiently give rise to domesticated syndromes and adaptive phenotypes. Rice (Oryza sativa L.), one of the world’s most crucial cereal crops, comprises two morphologically distinct subspecies, Indica and Japonica. To investigate the morphological divergence between these two rice subspecies, this study planted a total of 315 landrace individuals of both Indica and Japonica under identical cultivation conditions. Out of the 16 quantitative traits measured in this study, 12 exhibited significant differences between the subspecies. To determine the genetic divergence between Indica and Japonica at the whole-genome sequence level, we constructed a phylogenetic tree using a resequencing dataset encompassing 95 rice landrace accessions. The samples formed two major groups that neatly corresponded to the two subspecies, Indica and Japonica. Furthermore, neighbor-joining (NJ) trees based on the expression quantity of effectively expressed genes (EEGs) across five different tissues categorized 12 representative samples into two major clades aligning with the two subspecies. These results imply that divergence in genome-wide expression levels undergoes stabilizing selection under non-stressful conditions, with evolutionary trends in expression levels mirroring sequence variation levels. This study further supports the pivotal role of changes in genome-wide expression regulation in the divergence of the two rice subspecies, Indica and Japonica.
Associations between Preoperative Patient Socioeconomic Status and Pain-Related Outcomes with Pain and Function in Patients Undergoing Rotator Cuff Repairs
Authors: Perez-Dominguez Borja , Perpiña-Martinez Sara , Garcia-Isidoro Sara , Escobio-Prieto Isabel , Rodriguez-Rodriguez Alvaro Manuel , Blanco-Diaz Maria
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing rotator cuff repairs commonly experience postoperative pain and functional limitations. Various socioeconomic and pain-related factors have been recognized as influential in the prognosis of such patients. This study aims to investigate the associations between postoperative pain and functionality and preoperative pain-related outcomes and socioeconomic status in patients undergoing rotator cuff repairs. METHODS: This cross-sectional study examines the relationship between the outcomes of rotator cuff repairs and participants’ socioeconomic status and pain-related measures. Socioeconomic status was assessed through indicators such as educational level, monthly household income, and occupation. Pain-related outcomes included measures of kinesiophobia and pain self-efficacy. RESULTS: A total of 105 patients (68 male, 37 female) were included in the analysis. The findings revealed no significant association between postoperative pain or functionality and the patients’ socioeconomic status (p > 0.05). However, postoperative pain levels demonstrated a significant association with preoperative kinesiophobia (p < 0.05) and pain self-efficacy (p < 0.013). In contrast, functionality did not exhibit a significant association with these measures (p < 0.072 and 0.217, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative pain-related outcomes play a role in postoperative pain levels among patients undergoing rotator cuff repairs. However, they do not appear to be related to functionality. Additionally, socioeconomic status does not significantly impact either pain or functionality.
The Role of Strength-Related Factors on Psychological Readiness for Return to Sport Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction
Authors: Lee Oliver T. , Williams Mark A. , Shaw Clare D. , Delextrat Anne
Published: October 2023

Psychological readiness following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) correlates with different return to sport outcomes. However, the relationship between strength and power and psychological readiness remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between anterior cruciate ligament return to sport after injury (ACL-RSI) scores and various hamstrings and quadriceps strength and power variables. Twelve participants (20.7 ± 2.5 years old; 174.2 ± 7.5 cm; 70.2 ± 8.5 kg; 18.2 ± 8.3% of body fat) who had an ACLR nine months or more before the study completed the ACL-RSI questionnaire and isokinetic strength testing of the hamstrings and quadriceps (60°·s−1 and 180°·s−1). Based on ACL-RSI scores, they were divided into “cases” and “controls”, deemed not psychologically ready and psychologically ready to return to previous sport performance (PILOS), respectively. The main findings are that quadriceps’ and hamstrings’ rate of torque development (RTD) and time since surgery were determinants of psychological readiness following ACLR. Furthermore, compared to controls, cases showed significantly lower quadriceps torque at angles close to full knee extension (40 deg and 30 deg from extension). They also showed lower RTD than controls, but no difference in peak torque. These results suggest that physiotherapists should facilitate athletes’ return to sport (RTS) by focusing on the restoration of RTD and strength at angles close to full knee extension.
Landscaping with Fruits: Citizens’ Perceptions toward Urban Horticulture and Design of Urban Gardens
Authors: Narandžić Tijana , Ružičić Sanja , Grubač Milica , Pušić Magdalena , Ostojić Jovana , Šarac Veljko , Ljubojević Mirjana
Published: October 2023

Urban horticulture represents a sustainable way of dealing with the challenges of modern cities, including urbanization processes, population growth tendencies, a lack of green areas, environmental pollution and food insecurity. This study aimed to (1) investigate the perceptions of citizens of Novi Sad municipality, Republic of Serbia, toward urban horticulture and (2) assess plant materials appropriate for cultivation in urban gardens and suggest urban spaces completely designed with the use of various forms of edible fruit species, including roses. The same questionnaire was administered with a four-year time gap, in 2019 and again in 2023, before and after the coronavirus pandemic. To investigate plant materials suitable for urban gardening, relevant articles in Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science platforms were searched. The questionnaires’ results showed significant differences between the two years concerning respondents’ attitudes toward urban horticulture’s impact on food safety, socialization and personal health and development, which could have been influenced by the pandemic. Vegetables were grown by most respondents, commonly in household yards and gardens. The main motivations for participating in community urban gardens were to grow food for their own consumption and to make charitable contributions, followed by the motivation ‘to socialize and relax’. Exemplary designs of an urban pocket, kindergarten yard and atrium courtyard are presented, providing insights into numerous possibilities for landscaping with fruits.
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivar Yield and Quality Affected by Irrigation and Fertilization—From Field to Chip Bag
Authors: Žunić Danijela , Sabadoš Vladimir , Vojnović Đorđe , Maksimović Ivana , Ilin Dušan , Tepić Horecki Aleksandra , Ilin Žarko
Published: October 2023

Potatoes are essential for chip production, requiring high quality for processors and high yields for farmers. This two-year study was carried out for the purpose of investigating the influence of irrigation, fertilization, and cultivar on potato yield and tuber and chip quality. Field experiments were conducted in Sombor, Serbia, using a split-split plot design with three replications. Whole-plot treatments involved two irrigation schemes: sprinkler irrigation (SI) used as standard (control) and drip irrigation (DI). Subplot treatments included nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilization in four different combinations: 64 kg N/ha and 64 kg K/ha (N64K64) as control; 77 kg N/ha and 110 kg K/ha (N77K110); 90 kg N/ha and 156 kg K/ha (N90K156); and 103 kg N/ha and 202 kg K/ha (N103K202). Sub-subplots comprised three cultivars: VR-808; Pirol; and Brooke. The VR-808 cultivar consistently yielded the highest amount (25.6 and 24.9 t/ha) under both irrigation methods. DI raised tuber flesh temperature compared to SI. The N90K156 × Pirol interaction exhibited the highest number of tubers with defects, while N90K156 × VR-808 had the fewest. Under DI, the VR-808 cultivar produced chips with the highest total defects, whereas Brooke had the lowest. The postfrying palm oil temperature was the highest for N64N64 × Brooke and the lowest for N110K220 × Pirol. This study underscores the role of irrigation, fertilization, and cultivar in achieving high yields and high chip quality, providing valuable insights into the whole process, from field to chip bag.
Proteomic Analysis of the Effect of Accelerated Ageing on Allium mongolicum Seeds
Authors: Song Xiaoqing , Yang Zhongren , Zhang Dong , Zhang Xiaoyan , Zhang Fenglan , Liu Jiecai , Yu Chuanzong
Published: October 2023

Seed propagation is the most commonly used method for producing Allium mongolicum seeds. However, as storage time increases, the seeds may suffer from ageing to varying degrees. This study aims to investigate the proteome expression of A. mongolicum seeds with different levels of vigor. The findings of this study will provide evidence of protein expression levels that reveal the mechanism behind the ageing of A. mongolicum seeds. An integrated approach of tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling in conjunction with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to capture the differential protein expression profiles of A. mongolicum seeds under unaged (Control), lightly aged (LA) and severely aged (SA). In total, 4336 proteins were identified, of which 4318 were quantifiable. After accelerated ageing, 291 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. Compared with Control, 36 DEPs (16 up-regulated and 20 down-regulated) were found in LA; and 139 DEPs (64 up-regulated and 75 down-regulated) in SA. Compared with LA, 116 DEPs (51 up-regulated and 65 down-regulated) were found in SA. A number of candidate proteins associated with seed ageing were screened, including ATP-dependent RNA helicase-like protein DB10 (Unigene0060546), β-D-glucan exohydolase (Unigene0008772), Histone H1.2 partial (Unigene0049278), defensin Ec-AMP-D2 (Unigene0042879), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) FQR1 (Unigene0047137), glutathione S-transferase (Unigene0000863), oleosin S1-2 (Unigene0011542), probable inactive purple acid phosphatase 2 (Unigene0010352), glutathione S-transferase U8-like (Unigene0006910), and glutathione S-transferase U17-like (Unigene0051938). Additionally, this study was the first to determine the proteome of A. mongolicum seeds. These data provided references for further study of seed ageing mechanism of A. mongolicum.