bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of therapeutic touch on colic symptoms in infantile colic infants: A randomised controlled study
Authors: Ateş Beşirik Selda , Geçkil Emine
Published: August 2024

Aim

This study aimed to examine the effects of therapeutic touch (TT) on infantile colic symptoms (Infant Colic Scale (ICS) score, crying time and sleep time).

Methods

This randomised controlled trial included infants aged 4–12 weeks diagnosed with infantile colic in a pediatric unit of a hospital. Infants were assigned to intervention or control groups using a stratified randomisation method. The intervention group received TT sessions six times, 3 days a week, in addition to usual care for 2 weeks. The control group received the usual care. Data were collected using Mother–Infant Information Form, ICS, Crying and Sleep Time Follow‐Up Forms. The infants were followed up for two weeks.

Results

A total of 64 infants who met the criteria were included in the study, including intervention (n = 32) and control (n = 32) groups. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups (intervention and control) in terms of ICS scores (U = 4.5; P < 0.001; d = 3.252; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.505–3.999), crying time (F = 57.097; ŋp2 = 0.461; P < 0.001) and sleep time (F = 17.884; ŋp2 = 0.211; P < 0.001). When the intervention group was compared with the control group at all time points, the size of the effect (group × time interaction) was found to be high.

Conclusions

TT effectively relieved symptoms, decreased crying time and increased sleep time in infants with infantile colic. TT is recommended to relieve colic in infants.
Views on wet nursing and expressing breastmilk for sharing and human milk bank donation among mothers in two parenting social media communities in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Tuan T. , Huynh Ngoc L. , Becker Genevieve , Tran Hoang T. , Cashin Jennifer , Mathisen Roger
Published: August 2024

Nutrition in early life plays a key role in shaping an infant's future health. There is limited understanding of the perspectives of Vietnamese mothers with children under 24 months of age regarding breastmilk expression, donation and use. In this cross‐sectional study, an online survey was administered through two parenting social media communities to assess opinions on breastmilk expression, breastmilk donation including contributions from bereaved mothers and the use of donor human milk. A 4‐point Likert scale was used to evaluate respondents' opinions, and demographic and breastfeeding information was collected. Among 375 respondents, almost 30% had received breastmilk from another woman, either through direct breastfeeding (14.7%), expressed breastmilk (12.5%) or from a human milk bank (2.7%). In this survey of 375 mothers, 84.0% indicated they would store excess breastmilk, while 75.7% and 69.6% would donate to a human milk bank or another mother, respectively. When faced with insufficient breastmilk, 88.5% of mothers would seek ways to increase supply, whereas 23.8% considered using commercial milk formula. Regarding milk expression among the 375 mothers, 78.4% preferred electric pumps, compared to 48.6% for manual pumps and 45.9% for hand expression. Additionally, 80.5% of the 375 mothers would suggest donating stored milk to bereaved peers and 85.6% would suggest mothers with mild COVID‐19 to continue breastfeeding with precautions. These findings indicate that this sample has positive views on breastfeeding, breastmilk donation and the use of donor human milk.
Long‐term use of lokivetmab in dogs with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Kasper Bettina , Zablotski Yury , Mueller Ralf S.
Published: August 2024

Background

Lokivetmab, a caninised monoclonal antibody against interleukin (IL)‐31, is an effective treatment for the pruritus associated with canine atopic dermatitis (cAD).

Objectives

To investigate the efficacy and safety of lokivetmab during long‐term treatment defined as at least three consecutive lokivetmab injections in atopic dogs under field conditions. To assess individual factors influencing treatment outcome and adverse events.

Animals

150 dogs with cAD.

Materials and Methods

Medical records of dogs treated with lokivetmab were reviewed, and owners and/or veterinarians were contacted as needed for follow‐up. A decrease of the pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS) score by ≥2 or a PVAS score ≤2 after treatment was considered as treatment success. Logistic regression was used to investigate the influence of a variety of factors on outcome: type of cAD (food versus environment), age at first lokivetmab administration, disease chronicity, dosage and/or secondary infection. Any adverse event that occurred during the study period was recorded.

Results

Lokivetmab reduced the PVAS score with long‐term use (p < 0.01); the success rate was 53 of 69 total dogs (77%). The probability of treatment failure decreased with increasing treatment duration. None of the factors investigated influenced the treatment outcome. Twelve dogs of 150 (8%) showed adverse events such as gastrointestinal signs or lethargy.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance

Lokivetmab appears to be an effective and safe long‐term anti‐itch therapy for dogs with cAD.
Perfect powers in elliptic divisibility sequences
Authors: Nowroozi Maryam , Siksek Samir
Published: August 2024

Let be an elliptic curve given by an integral Weierstrass equation. Let be a point of infinite order, and let be the elliptic divisibility sequence generated by . This paper is concerned with a question posed in 2007 by Everest, Reynolds and Stevens: does contain only finitely many perfect powers? We answer this question positively under the following three additional assumptions:

is non‐integral;

, where is the discriminant of ;

, where denotes the connected component of identity.

Our method makes use of Galois representations attached to elliptic curves defined over totally real fields, and their modularity. We can deduce the same theorem without assumptions (ii) and (iii), provided that we assume some standard conjectures from the Langlands programme.
Inscribable fans I: Inscribed cones and virtual polytopes
Authors: Manecke Sebastian , Sanyal Raman
Published: August 2024

We investigate polytopes inscribed into a sphere that are normally equivalent (or strongly isomorphic) to a given polytope . We show that the associated space of polytopes, called the inscribed cone of , is closed under Minkowski addition. Inscribed cones are interpreted as type cones of ideal hyperbolic polytopes and as deformation spaces of Delaunay subdivisions. In particular, testing if there is an inscribed polytope normally equivalent to is polynomial time solvable. Normal equivalence is decided on the level of normal fans and we study the structure of inscribed cones for various classes of polytopes and fans, including simple, simplicial, and even. We classify (virtually) inscribable fans in dimension 2 as well as inscribable permutahedra and nestohedra. A second goal of the paper is to introduce inscribed virtual polytopes. Polytopes with a fixed normal fan form a monoid with respect to Minkowski addition and the associated Grothendieck group is called the type space of . Elements of the type space correspond to formal Minkowski differences and are naturally equipped with vertices and hence with a notion of inscribability. We show that inscribed virtual polytopes form a subgroup, which can be nontrivial even if does not have actual inscribed polytopes. We relate inscribed virtual polytopes to routed particle trajectories, that is, piecewise‐linear trajectories of particles in a ball with restricted directions. The state spaces gives rise to connected groupoids generated by reflections, called reflection groupoids. The endomorphism groups of reflection groupoids can be thought of as discrete holonomy groups of the trajectories and we determine when they are reflection groups.
Activation of angiotensin II type 2 receptor leads to preservation of primary cilia in tubular cells during renal ischaemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Maknis Tomás Rivabella , Fussi M. Fernanda , Pariani Alejandro P. , Huhn Victoria , Vena Rodrigo , Favre Cristián , Molinas Sara M. , Larocca M. Cecilia
Published: August 2024

Ischaemia‐reperfusion (IR)‐associated acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe clinical condition that lacks effective pharmacological treatments. Our recent research revealed that pretreatment with the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) agonist C21 alleviates kidney damage during IR. Primary cilia are organelles crucial for regulation of epithelial cell homeostasis, which are significantly affected by IR injury. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of AT2R activation on cilia integrity during IR and to identify pathways involved in the nephroprotective effect of C21. Rats were subjected to 40 min of unilateral ischaemia followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Immunofluorescence analysis of the kidneys showed that the nephroprotective effect of C21 was associated with preservation of cilia integrity in tubular cells. AT2R agonists increased α‐tubulin acetylation in primary cilia in tubular cells in vivo and in a cell model. Analysis of ERK phosphorylation indicated that AT2R activation led to diminished activation of ERK1/2 in tubular cells. Similar to AT2R agonists, inhibitors of α‐tubulin deacetylase HDAC6 or inhibitors of ERK activation ameliorated IR‐induced cell death and preserved cilia integrity. Immunofluorescence analysis of tubular cells revealed significant ERK localization at primary cilia and demonstrated that ERK inhibition increased cilia levels of acetylated α‐tubulin. Overall, our findings demonstrate that C21 elicits a preconditioning effect that enhances cilia stability in renal tubular cells, thereby preserving their integrity when exposed to IR injury. Furthermore, our results indicate that this effect might be mediated by AT2R‐induced inhibition of ERK activation. These findings offer potential insights for the development of pharmacological interventions to mitigate IR‐associated AKI.

image

Key points

The AT2R agonist C21 prevents primary cilia shortening and tubular cell deciliation during renal ischaemia‐reperfusion.

AT2R activation inhibits ERK1/2 in renal tubular cells.

Both AT2R agonists and ERK1/2 inhibitors increase alpha‐tubulin acetylation at the primary cilium in tubular cells.

AT2R activation, ERK1/2 inhibition or inhibition of alpha‐tubulin deacetylation elicit protective effects in tubular cells subjected to ischaemia‐reperfusion injury.
Anomalous normal-state gap in an electron-doped cuprate
Authors: Xu Ke-Jun , He Junfeng , Chen Su-Di , He Yu , Abadi Sebastien N. , Rotundu Costel R. , Lee Young S. , Lu Dong-Hui , Guo Qinda , Tjernberg Oscar , Devereaux Thomas P. , Lee Dung-Hai , Hashimoto Makoto , Shen Zhi-Xun
Published: August 2024

In the underdoped n-type cuprate Nd
2-

x

Ce

x

CuO
4
, long-range antiferromagnetic order reconstructs the Fermi surface, resulting in a putative antiferromagnetic metal with small Fermi pockets. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we observe an anomalous energy gap, an order of magnitude smaller than the antiferromagnetic gap, in a wide portion of the underdoped regime and smoothly connecting to the superconducting gap at optimal doping. After considering all the known ordering tendencies in tandem with the phase diagram, we hypothesize that the normal-state gap in the underdoped n-type cuprates originates from Cooper pairing. The high temperature scale of the normal-state gap raises the prospect of engineering higher transition temperatures in the n-type cuprates comparable to those of the p-type cuprates.
Ruthenium isotopes show the Chicxulub impactor was a carbonaceous-type asteroid
Authors: Fischer-Gödde Mario , Tusch Jonas , Goderis Steven , Bragagni Alessandro , Mohr-Westheide Tanja , Messling Nils , Elfers Bo-Magnus , Schmitz Birger , Reimold Wolf U. , Maier Wolfgang D. , Claeys Philippe , Koeberl Christian , Tissot François L. H. , Bizzarro Martin , Münker Carsten
Published: August 2024

An impact at Chicxulub, Mexico, occurred 66 million years ago, producing a global stratigraphic layer that marks the boundary between the Cretaceous and Paleogene eras. That layer contains elevated concentrations of platinum-group elements, including ruthenium. We measured ruthenium isotopes in samples taken from three Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary sites, five other impacts that occurred between 36 million to 470 million years ago, and ancient 3.5-billion- to 3.2-billion-year-old impact spherule layers. Our data indicate that the Chicxulub impactor was a carbonaceous-type asteroid, which had formed beyond the orbit of Jupiter. The five other impact structures have isotopic signatures that are more consistent with siliceous-type asteroids, which formed closer to the Sun. The ancient spherule layer samples are consistent with impacts of carbonaceous-type asteroids during Earth’s final stages of accretion.
Structure and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 spike refolding in membranes
Authors: Grunst Michael W. , Qin Zhuan , Dodero-Rojas Esteban , Ding Shilei , Prévost Jérémie , Chen Yaozong , Hu Yanping , Pazgier Marzena , Wu Shenping , Xie Xuping , Finzi Andrés , Onuchic José N. , Whitford Paul C. , Mothes Walther , Li Wenwei
Published: August 2024

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein binds the receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and drives virus-host membrane fusion through refolding of its S2 domain. Whereas the S1 domain contains high sequence variability, the S2 domain is conserved and is a promising pan-betacoronavirus vaccine target. We applied cryo–electron tomography to capture intermediates of S2 refolding and understand inhibition by antibodies to the S2 stem-helix. Subtomogram averaging revealed ACE2 dimers cross-linking spikes before transitioning into S2 intermediates, which were captured at various stages of refolding. Pan-betacoronavirus neutralizing antibodies targeting the S2 stem-helix bound to and inhibited refolding of spike prehairpin intermediates. Combined with molecular dynamics simulations, these structures elucidate the process of SARS-CoV-2 entry and reveal how pan-betacoronavirus S2-targeting antibodies neutralize infectivity by arresting prehairpin intermediates.
OpgH is an essential regulator of
Caulobacter
morphology
Authors: Daitch Allison K. , Smith Erika L. , Goley Erin D.
Published: August 2024

Bacterial growth and division rely on intricate regulation of morphogenetic complexes to remodel the cell envelope without compromising envelope integrity. Significant progress has been made in recent years towards understanding the regulation of cell wall metabolic enzymes. However, other cell envelope components play a role in morphogenesis as well. A primary factor required to protect envelope integrity in low osmolarity environments is OpgH, the synthase of osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs). Here, we demonstrate that OpgH is essential in the α-proteobacterium
Caulobacter crescentus
. Unexpectedly, depletion of OpgH or attempted complementation with a catalytically dead OpgH variant results in striking asymmetric bulging and cell lysis. These shape defects are accompanied by reduced cell wall synthesis and mislocalization of morphogenetic complexes. Interestingly, overactivation of the CenKR two-component system that has been implicated in cell envelope stress homeostasis in α-proteobacteria phenocopies the morphogenetic defects associated with OpgH depletion. Each of these perturbations leads to an increase in the levels of the elongasome protein, MreB, and decreases in the levels of divisome proteins FtsZ and MipZ as well as OpgH, itself. Constitutive production of OpgH during CenKR overactivation prevents cell bulging, but cells still exhibit morphogenetic defects. We propose that OPG depletion activates CenKR, leading to changes in the expression of cell envelope-related genes, but that OPGs also exert CenKR-independent effects on morphogenesis. Our data establish a surprising function for an OpgH homolog in morphogenesis and reveal an essential role of OpgH in maintaining cell morphology in
Caulobacter
.

IMPORTANCE

Bacteria must synthesize and fortify the cell envelope in a tightly regulated manner to orchestrate growth and adaptation. Osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs) are important, but poorly understood, constituents of Gram-negative cell envelopes that contribute to envelope integrity and protect against osmotic stress. Here, we determined that the OPG synthase OpgH plays a surprising, essential role in morphogenesis in
Caulobacter crescentus
. Loss of OpgH causes asymmetric cell bulging and lysis via misregulation of the localization and activity of morphogenetic complexes. Overactivation of the CenKR two-component system involved in envelope homeostasis phenocopies OpgH depletion, suggesting that depletion of OpgH activates CenKR. Because cell envelope integrity is critical for bacterial survival, understanding how OpgH activity contributes to morphogenesis and maintenance of envelope integrity could aid in the development of antibiotic therapies.
Effective and safe use of intramuscular clozapine in a patient presenting with catatonia and thrombocytopenia
Authors: Thapaliya Suresh , Whiskey Eromona , Firdosi Mudasir
Published: August 2024

Clozapine is the most effective medication for the management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, and its discontinuation can pose significant challenges in treatment. We present a patient with a diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder who was stable on clozapine for a decade until discontinuation due to thrombocytopenia. She experienced a relapse of her illness, presenting with psychotic and catatonic features with poor oral intake and physical health complications requiring a lengthy admission to the hospital. There was a poor response to alternative antipsychotics and a full course of electroconvulsive therapy. Intramuscular (IM) clozapine was initiated due to catatonia and refusal to accept oral medications. After receiving 10 doses of IM clozapine, she started accepting oral clozapine and made a full recovery within a few weeks. The low platelet count was persistent, and a bone marrow biopsy showed results consistent with immune thrombocytopenia being the cause of that low platelet count.
Sclerosing mesenteritis as a cause of porto-mesenteric vascular obstruction
Authors: Azam Mohammed Bilal , Senthamizhselvan Kuppusamy , Jose Augustine , Govindarajalou Ramkumar
Published: August 2024

A woman in her 20s presented with haematemesis, post-prandial abdominal pain, weight loss and anaemia. Imaging revealed a non-enhancing mass in the retroperitoneal space along the mesenteric plane, encasing the porto-mesenteric vasculature. Endoscopy showed oesophageal varices. She was diagnosed with sclerosing mesenteritis, causing extrinsic compression of the portal vein and superior mesenteric artery. She underwent endoscopic variceal ligation and received prednisolone and tamoxifen. After 3 months, her post-prandial pain improved, and she did not have further bleeding episodes.
Health-seeking behaviour and patient-related factors associated with the time to TB treatment initiation in four African countries: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Sathar Farzana , Charalambous Salome , Velen Kavindhran , Fielding Katherine , Rachow Andrea , Ivanova Olena , Rassool Mohammed S , Lalashowi Julieth , Owolabi Olumuyiwa , Nhassengo Pedroso , Chihota Violet , Evans Denise
Published: August 2024

Introduction

In 2022, tuberculosis (TB) was the second-leading cause of global deaths from a single infectious agent. Delays in initiating TB treatment can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. We describe the total delay in treatment initiation, identify patient-related factors associated with time to treatment initiation and explore health-seeking behaviour prior to treatment initiation among people living with TB (PLTB) in four African countries.

Methods

Cross-sectional survey nested in a large prospective cohort of adults (≥18 years) with drug-susceptible pulmonary TB. PLTB enrolled in South Africa, Tanzania, Mozambique and The Gambia between September 2017 and January 2020. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on demographics and map the patient experience prior to treatment initiation. Total delay (weeks) was the time between the onset of the first TB symptom and the initiation of treatment at the health facility. We developed a Cox regression model to study the relationship between explanatory variables and the time-to-event outcome, TB treatment initiation.

Results

We enrolled 1400 participants (South Africa: 344, Tanzania: 282, Mozambique: 407, The Gambia: 367) (mean age 36 years, 66% male). Overall HIV prevalence was 42% but varied by country (South Africa: 68%, Tanzania: 49%, Mozambique: 45%, The Gambia: 7%). The overall median total delay was 6 weeks (IQR 4–10). People living with HIV (vs HIV negative; adjusted HR (aHR)=1.33 (95% CI 1.2 to 1.5)) and those living with a partner (vs married; aHR=1.35 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.6)) or single (vs married; aHR=1.24 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.4)) had a higher chance of initiating TB treatment. Primary care facilities and pharmacies were the main providers where individuals first sought care after experiencing TB symptoms.

Conclusion

There are delays in TB treatment initiation among presumptive TB individuals. Partnerships with pharmacies, active case finding and decentralised TB services may be important to incorporate into the National TB Control Programme.
Definitions of pulmonary exacerbation in people with cystic fibrosis: a scoping review
Authors: Almulhem Maryam , Ward Christopher , Haq Iram , Gray Robert D , Brodlie Malcolm
Published: August 2024

Background

Pulmonary exacerbations (PExs) are clinically important in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Multiple definitions have been used for PEx, and this scoping review aimed to identify the different definitions reported in the literature and to ascertain which signs and symptoms are commonly used to define them.

Methods

A search was performed using Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus and CINAHL. All publications reporting clinical trials or prospective observational studies involving definitions of PEx in people with CF published in English from January 1990 to December 2022 were included. Data were then extracted for qualitative thematic analysis.

Results

A total of 14 039 records were identified, with 7647 titles and abstracts screened once duplicates were removed, 898 reviewed as full text and 377 meeting the inclusion criteria. Pre-existing definitions were used in 148 publications. In 75% of papers, an objective definition was used, while 25% used a subjective definition, which subcategorised into treatment-based definitions (76%) and those involving clinician judgement (24%). Objective definitions were subcategorised into three groups: those based on a combination of signs and symptoms (50%), those based on a predefined combination of signs and symptoms plus the initiation of acute treatment (47%) and scores involving different clinical features each with a specific weighting (3%). The most common signs and symptoms reported in the definitions were, in order, sputum production, cough, lung function, weight/appetite, dyspnoea, chest X-ray changes, chest sounds, fever, fatigue or lethargy and haemoptysis.

Conclusion

We have identified substantial variation in the definitions of PEx in people with CF reported in the literature. There is a requirement for the development of internationally agreed-upon, standardised and validated age-specific definitions. Such definitions would allow comparison between studies and effective meta-analysis to be performed and are especially important in the highly effective modulator therapy era in CF care.
Mortality follow-up of Fernald Feed Materials Production Center workers exposed to uranium from 1951 to 1985
Authors: Milder Cato M , Bellamy Michael B , Howard Sara C , Ellis Elizabeth D , Golden Ashley P , Cohen Sarah S , Mumma Michael T , French Benjamin , Zablotska Lydia B , Boice John D
Published: August 2024

Objective

This follow-up study of uranium processing workers at the Fernald Feed Materials Production Center examines the relationship between radiation exposure and cancer and non-cancer mortality among 6403 workers employed for at least 30 days between 1951 and 1985.

Methods

We estimated cumulative, individual, annualised doses to 15 organs/tissues from external, internal and radon exposures. Vital status and cause of death were ascertained in 2017. The analysis employed standardised mortality ratios, Cox proportional hazards and Poisson regression models. Competing risk analysis was conducted for cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk given several assumptions about risk independent of competing outcomes. Emphysema was examined to assess the potential for confounding by smoking.

Results

Vital status was confirmed for 98.1% of workers, with 65.1% deceased. All-cause mortality was less than expected in salaried but not hourly workers when compared with the US population. A statistically significant dose response was observed between external (but not total or internal) lung dose and lung cancer mortality (HR at 100 mGy adjusted for internal dose=1.45; 95% CI=1.05 to 2.01). Significantly increased HRs at 100 mGy dose to heart were observed for CVD (1.27; 95% CI=1.07 to 1.50) and ischaemic heart disease (1.30; 95% CI=1.07 to 1.58). CVD risk remained elevated regardless of competing risk assumptions. Both external and internal radiation were associated with emphysema.

Conclusions

Lung cancer was associated with external dose, though positive dose responses for emphysema imply residual confounding by smoking. Novel use of competing risk analysis for CVD demonstrates leveraging retrospective data for future risk prediction.
Myofascial pain syndrome in patients with cancer: a narrative review
Authors: Kawasaki Naruaki , Ishiki Hiroto , Arakawa Sayaka , Satomi Eriko , Matsuoka Hiromichi , Hasuo Hideaki
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a chronic musculoskeletal pain syndrome. The purpose of this review is to describe the epidemiological and treatment evidence and to address the future research agenda in patients with cancer.

Methods

A narrative review of previous reports investigating the prevalence and treatment of MPS in the oncology field is presented. The target population is patients with cancer and cancer survivors.

Results

There have been three prospective and two retrospective studies investigating the prevalence of MPS. MPS is as high as 38%–45% in patients with advanced or incurable cancer and 11.9%–44.8% in cancer survivors. A total of nine reports investigated the efficacy of the following interventions: trigger point injection (TPI), myofascial techniques and ischaemic compression. TPI has been reported to be effective in four observational studies. One randomised study reported the efficacy of myofascial techniques, but two randomised studies reported no added beneficial effects of it in breast cancer survivors. Two randomised studies investigated the efficacy of ischaemic compression, but the obtained results were contradictory.

Conclusions

MPS is highly prevalent. We should know that non-cancer pain is also common in both patients with cancer and survivors. In treating such pain, careful physical examination is essential. Then, non-pharmacological treatment should be considered as well as pharmacotherapy. As evidence regarding MPS in the oncology field is scarce, further research is warranted.
Soybean responds infrequently to phosphorus fertilization in Manitoba
Authors: Bardella Gustavo R. , Tiessen Kevin H.D. , Flaten Don , Tenuta Mario , Lawley Yvonne , Heard John , Zvomuya Francis
Published: August 2024

Soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) production in Manitoba has increased substantially over the last 20 years, raising questions about phosphorus (P) fertilization in this region. Between 2013 and 2015, a study was conducted across 28 sites in Manitoba to evaluate the effect of P fertilizer rate and placement on soybean plant stand and seed yield. Treatments were 22.5, 45, and 90 kg P2O5 ha−1 applied as monoammonium phosphate, seed-placed, side-banded or broadcast, plus an unfertilized control treatment. Plant stand reduction due to seed-placed fertilizer toxicity was observed at five of 28 site-years, typically at the rate of 90 kg P2O5 ha−1. Stand reduction was most frequent on medium- to coarse-textured soils, dry soils or when seeding equipment had low seedbed utilization. Seed yield was reduced at two site-years due to seed placing 90 kg P2O5 ha−1, which reduced plant stands below the recommended threshold of 247 000 plants ha−1. Phosphorus fertilization did not increase seed yield, regardless of P rate, P placement, or Olsen soil test P level, except for one site-year where 45 and 90 kg P2O5 ha−1 increased seed yield by 343 and 430 kg ha−1, respectively. The extremely infrequent response to P fertilizer in combination with the high rate of P removal indicates that soybeans can use soil P reservoirs that are less available to other crops. Nevertheless, soybean growers in Manitoba should consider strategies for applying supplemental P to soybean or other crops in their rotation to maintain P fertility in soil.
Development of an analytical model to investigate the effect of tool geometry and cutting parameters on the milling performance of Inconel 718
Authors: Tang Haiquan , Li Binglin , Qi Wen , Zhang Yi , Wu Xingsheng
Published: August 2024

This research proposes a new analytical method to predict cutting forces of end milling considering various tool geometry and cutting parameters, aiming to achieve enhanced stability in machining processes and superior quality in machined surfaces. The end-milling process was modeled using the unequal shear zone theory of oblique cutting, where the helical cutting edges were discretized into multiple oblique cutting edges, and the coordinate transformation method was employed to analyze the geometric and force relationships among them. Then, the influence of helix angles on cutting force, machined surface quality, tool life, and wear patterns in the milling process of Inconel 718 was investigated. These findings provide valuable insights that can be utilized to optimize the design of variable helix tools.
Recycled crystal population proving complex plumbing systems: an archetypal example from Cretaceous alkaline magmatism in SE Brazil
Authors: Chmyz Luanna , Azzone Rogério Guitarrari , da Silva Rosa Pedro Augusto , Lopes da Silva Júlio César , Cetina Tarazona Lina Maria , Monteiro e Silva Mariana
Published: August 2024

Porphyritic alkaline dykes from the Serra do Mar province (SE Brazil) carry clinopyroxene macrocrysts with a complex magmatic history. Clinopyroxene is the main macrocryst phase from the Bom Repouso dyke, representing different populations. Based on petrographical features, mineral chemistry and equilibrium relationships, the clinopyroxene populations are classified as antecrysts (green cores and colourless cores and mantles) and phenocrysts (Ti-augite mantle/rims). Calculated compositions for the liquid in equilibrium with the macrocryst cores indicate mafic (colourless cores) and felsic (green cores) alkaline melts. These were used as poles for mixing-model curves, revealing a hybrid origin for the host matrix. Clinopyroxene barometry reveals key insights into the plumbing systems of the Serra do Mar province, with the Bom Repouso dyke as an archetypal example of these transcrustal systems. All target bodies record a crystallization history over a continuous range of pressures (>8 kbar up to the surface). Some preferred levels for magma storage are observed:
c.
0–0.5, 1–2.5, 3–4 and 5.5–7 kbar. Our work highlights the complex magmatic history of the Serra do Mar alkaline occurrences, encompassing several open-system effects. A thorough petrographical examination is necessary to enhance our comprehension of these magmas, while petrogenetic models based on whole-rock compositions may lead to biased interpretations.
Trustworthy AI Using Confidential Federated Learning
Authors: Guo Jinnan , Pietzuch Peter , Paverd Andrew , Vaswani Kapil
Published: August 2024

Federated learning and confidential computing are not competing technologies.
A Review on the Use of Physiological Signals for Assessing Postoperative Pain
Authors: Pais Daniela , Brás Susana , Sebastião Raquel
Published: August 2024

The assessment of pain intensity after surgery is important for guiding pain management. Due to the limitations of current pain evaluation tools, there is increasing interest in using objective methods to assess pain in clinical settings. This literature review aims to provide an overview of physiological methods for postoperative pain evaluation. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to perform a literature search on the Scopus database from 2002 to March 2024. Sixty-one studies were included in this review investigating parameters derived from six physiological signals, including Electrocardiogram (ECG), Photoplethysmogram (PPG), Skin Conductance (SC), Electroencephalogram (EEG), Electromyogram (EMG), and pupil size and reflexes. Parameters extracted from ECG, PPG, and SC signals were the most commonly studied. While there is evidence to support the use of physiological parameters as measures for postoperative pain evaluation, further research is needed to establish the reliability and generalizability of these parameters to develop an indicator that can be consistently applied across various clinical settings. For this purpose, this review describes current research findings and identifies limitations and directions for future work that should be considered in upcoming research on postoperative pain assessment.
Novel Antibody-Based Protection/Therapeutics in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Chen Xinhai , Missiakas Dominique
Published: August 2024

Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal of the skin and nares of humans as well as the causative agent of infections associated with significant mortality. The acquisition of antibiotic resistance traits complicates the treatment of such infections and has prompted the development of monoclonal antibodies. The selection of protective antigens is typically guided by studying the natural antibody responses to a pathogen. What happens when the pathogen masks these antigens and subverts adaptive responses, or when the pathogen inhibits or alters the effector functions of antibodies? S. aureus is constantly exposed to its human host and has evolved all these strategies. Here, we review how anti-S. aureus targets have been selected and how antibodies have been engineered to overcome the formidable immune evasive activities of this pathogen. We discuss the prospects of antibody-based therapeutics in the context of disease severity, immune competence, and history of past infections.
General skills amidst the details: alternative learning objectives and a framework of competencies for human anatomy
Authors: Crowther Gregory J. , VanHeel Victoria L. , Gradwell Sasha D. , Self Casey J. , Rompolski Krista L.
Published: August 2024

Although skilled anatomists know that anatomy is much more than memorization, nonanatomists are often unsure how to emphasize general skills and problem-solving in their teaching of the subject. Here we show how a multi-tiered approach to defining and assessing learning objectives (LOs) can reframe anatomy courses as more than long lists of structures to remember.
Endothelin receptor B is required for the blood pressure-lowering effect of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Almutlaq Rawan N. , Pollock David M. , Gohar Eman Y.
Published: August 2024

Systemic G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) activation in rats prevents the increase in blood pressure evoked by ovariectomy. Blockade of endothelin receptor B negates the blood pressure-lowering impact of GPER1 in ovariectomized rats. Endothelin receptor B plays an important role in mediating the blood pressure-lowering action of GPER1 activation in female rats.
Muscle and tendon morphology of a world strongman and deadlift champion
Authors: Balshaw Thomas G. , Massey Garry J. , Miller Robert , McDermott Emmet J. , Maden-Wilkinson Thomas M. , Folland Jonathan P.
Published: August 2024

Lower-body muscle size of an extraordinarily strong individual, a World's Strongest Man and deadlift champion (WSM), was approximately twice that of controls but was underpinned by pronounced anatomical variability in the extent of muscular development (+23–202%): the plantar flexor group and guy rope muscles demonstrating the largest differences. The WSM’s quadriceps size (more than or equal to twice that of controls) contrasted with modest differences in patella tendon moment arm (+18%) and was uncoupled from patellar tendon size (+30%).
Supplementary Table 3 from Transient Differentiation-State Plasticity Occurs during Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Initiation
Authors: Poort Vera M. , Hagelaar Rico , van Roosmalen Markus J. , Trabut Laurianne , Buijs-Gladdines Jessica G. C. A. M. , van Wijk Bram , Meijerink Jules , van Boxtel Ruben
Published: August 2024

Table 3: List antibodies used for CITE sequencing
Supplementary Figure legends from Serine Depletion Promotes Antitumor Immunity by Activating Mitochondrial DNA-Mediated cGAS-STING Signaling
Authors: Saha Suchandrima , Ghosh Monisankar , Li Jinyu , Wen Asher , Galluzzi Lorenzo , Martinez Luis A. , Montrose David C.
Published: August 2024

Supplementary Figure legends
Supplementary Table 2 from Transient Differentiation-State Plasticity Occurs during Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Initiation
Authors: Poort Vera M. , Hagelaar Rico , van Roosmalen Markus J. , Trabut Laurianne , Buijs-Gladdines Jessica G. C. A. M. , van Wijk Bram , Meijerink Jules , van Boxtel Ruben
Published: August 2024

Table 2: Patient information and flow cytometry parameters T-ALL samples.
Supplementary Table 1 from Transient Differentiation-State Plasticity Occurs during Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Initiation
Authors: Poort Vera M. , Hagelaar Rico , van Roosmalen Markus J. , Trabut Laurianne , Buijs-Gladdines Jessica G. C. A. M. , van Wijk Bram , Meijerink Jules , van Boxtel Ruben
Published: August 2024

Table 1: Patient information and flow cytometry parameters healthy thymic donors
Figure S8 from Serine Depletion Promotes Antitumor Immunity by Activating Mitochondrial DNA-Mediated cGAS-STING Signaling
Authors: Saha Suchandrima , Ghosh Monisankar , Li Jinyu , Wen Asher , Galluzzi Lorenzo , Martinez Luis A. , Montrose David C.
Published: August 2024

Figure S8
Figure S7 from Serine Depletion Promotes Antitumor Immunity by Activating Mitochondrial DNA-Mediated cGAS-STING Signaling
Authors: Saha Suchandrima , Ghosh Monisankar , Li Jinyu , Wen Asher , Galluzzi Lorenzo , Martinez Luis A. , Montrose David C.
Published: August 2024

Figure S7
Figure S4 from Serine Depletion Promotes Antitumor Immunity by Activating Mitochondrial DNA-Mediated cGAS-STING Signaling
Authors: Saha Suchandrima , Ghosh Monisankar , Li Jinyu , Wen Asher , Galluzzi Lorenzo , Martinez Luis A. , Montrose David C.
Published: August 2024

Figure S4
Figure S2 from Serine Depletion Promotes Antitumor Immunity by Activating Mitochondrial DNA-Mediated cGAS-STING Signaling
Authors: Saha Suchandrima , Ghosh Monisankar , Li Jinyu , Wen Asher , Galluzzi Lorenzo , Martinez Luis A. , Montrose David C.
Published: August 2024

Figure S2
Supplementary Table S3 from Targeting Super-Enhancer–Driven Transcriptional Dependencies Suppresses Aberrant Hedgehog Pathway Activation and Overcomes Smoothened Inhibitor Resistance
Authors: Sui Yi , Wang Teng , Mei Yanqing , Zhu Ying , Jiang Wenyan , Shen Jiayi , Yan Siyuan , Lu Wenjie , Zhao Kewen , Mo Jialin , Wang Chaochen , Tang Yujie
Published: August 2024

Supplementary Table S3. Luciferase assay and qRT-PCR primers. The PCR primers for amplifying sequences containing Gli2 binding motif in SE peak of Irs1 and IRS1 for luciferase assay, and primers for qRT-PCR assay.
Supplementary Table S2 from Targeting Super-Enhancer–Driven Transcriptional Dependencies Suppresses Aberrant Hedgehog Pathway Activation and Overcomes Smoothened Inhibitor Resistance
Authors: Sui Yi , Wang Teng , Mei Yanqing , Zhu Ying , Jiang Wenyan , Shen Jiayi , Yan Siyuan , Lu Wenjie , Zhao Kewen , Mo Jialin , Wang Chaochen , Tang Yujie
Published: August 2024

Supplementary Table S2. shRNA and sgRNA oligonucleotides. Sequences of shRNA oligonucleotides of Irs1, and sgRNA oligonucleotides of Irs1 SE, Irs1 promoter, Rhbdd1 promoter, and Stat3.
Figure S10 from Serine Depletion Promotes Antitumor Immunity by Activating Mitochondrial DNA-Mediated cGAS-STING Signaling
Authors: Saha Suchandrima , Ghosh Monisankar , Li Jinyu , Wen Asher , Galluzzi Lorenzo , Martinez Luis A. , Montrose David C.
Published: August 2024

Figure S10
Supplementary Data from Large-Scale Alternative Polyadenylation-Wide Association Studies to Identify Putative Cancer Susceptibility Genes
Authors: Guo Xingyi , Ping Jie , Yang Yaohua , Su Xinwan , Shu Xiao-Ou , Wen Wanqing , Chen Zhishan , Zhang Yunjing , Tao Ran , Jia Guochong , He Jingni , Cai Qiuyin , Zhang Qingrun , Giles Graham G. , Pearlman Rachel , Rennert Gad , Vodicka Pavel , Phipps Amanda , Gruber Stephen B. , Casey Graham , Peters Ulrike , Long Jirong , Lin Weiqiang , Zheng Wei
Published: August 2024

Table S1-S13
Supplementary Data from CDK4/6 Alters TBK1 Phosphorylation to Inhibit the STING Signaling Pathway in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Li Wei , Guo Feng , Zeng Ruijiang , Liang Huaiyuan , Wang Yinhuai , Xiong Wei , Wu Heshui , Yang Chunguang , Jin Xin
Published: August 2024

Supplementary information
Supplementary Table 2 from Integration of Clinical Trial Spatial Multiomics Analysis and Virtual Clinical Trials Enables Immunotherapy Response Prediction and Biomarker Discovery
Authors: Zhang Shuming , Deshpande Atul , Verma Babita K. , Wang Hanwen , Mi Haoyang , Yuan Long , Ho Won Jin , Jaffee Elizabeth M. , Zhu Qingfeng , Anders Robert A. , Yarchoan Mark , Kagohara Luciane T. , Fertig Elana J. , Popel Aleksander S.
Published: August 2024

All model parameters
Supplementary Movie 1 from Integration of Clinical Trial Spatial Multiomics Analysis and Virtual Clinical Trials Enables Immunotherapy Response Prediction and Biomarker Discovery
Authors: Zhang Shuming , Deshpande Atul , Verma Babita K. , Wang Hanwen , Mi Haoyang , Yuan Long , Ho Won Jin , Jaffee Elizabeth M. , Zhu Qingfeng , Anders Robert A. , Yarchoan Mark , Kagohara Luciane T. , Fertig Elana J. , Popel Aleksander S.
Published: August 2024

Supplementary Movie 1
Supplementary Data Table 1 from Integration of Clinical Trial Spatial Multiomics Analysis and Virtual Clinical Trials Enables Immunotherapy Response Prediction and Biomarker Discovery
Authors: Zhang Shuming , Deshpande Atul , Verma Babita K. , Wang Hanwen , Mi Haoyang , Yuan Long , Ho Won Jin , Jaffee Elizabeth M. , Zhu Qingfeng , Anders Robert A. , Yarchoan Mark , Kagohara Luciane T. , Fertig Elana J. , Popel Aleksander S.
Published: August 2024

SpaceMarker result for all virtual patients
Video S8 from CENP-E Inhibition Induces Chromosomal Instability and Synergizes with Diverse Microtubule-Targeting Agents in Breast Cancer
Authors: Tucker John B. , Carlsen Caleb L. , Scribano Christina M. , Pattaswamy Srishrika M. , Burkard Mark E. , Weaver Beth A.
Published: August 2024

CENP-E inhibited cell in which polar chromosomes align before anaphase onset
Video S2 from CENP-E Inhibition Induces Chromosomal Instability and Synergizes with Diverse Microtubule-Targeting Agents in Breast Cancer
Authors: Tucker John B. , Carlsen Caleb L. , Scribano Christina M. , Pattaswamy Srishrika M. , Burkard Mark E. , Weaver Beth A.
Published: August 2024

Bipolar spindle that transitions to multipolar spindle via pole splitting
Video S11 from CENP-E Inhibition Induces Chromosomal Instability and Synergizes with Diverse Microtubule-Targeting Agents in Breast Cancer
Authors: Tucker John B. , Carlsen Caleb L. , Scribano Christina M. , Pattaswamy Srishrika M. , Burkard Mark E. , Weaver Beth A.
Published: August 2024

Eribulin-induced multipolar spindle that is focused into a bipolar spindle prior to anaphase onset and produces two daughter cells that survive
Video S10 from CENP-E Inhibition Induces Chromosomal Instability and Synergizes with Diverse Microtubule-Targeting Agents in Breast Cancer
Authors: Tucker John B. , Carlsen Caleb L. , Scribano Christina M. , Pattaswamy Srishrika M. , Burkard Mark E. , Weaver Beth A.
Published: August 2024

Death from mitosis
Video S1 from CENP-E Inhibition Induces Chromosomal Instability and Synergizes with Diverse Microtubule-Targeting Agents in Breast Cancer
Authors: Tucker John B. , Carlsen Caleb L. , Scribano Christina M. , Pattaswamy Srishrika M. , Burkard Mark E. , Weaver Beth A.
Published: August 2024

Initially multipolar spindle
Source Data from CENP-E Inhibition Induces Chromosomal Instability and Synergizes with Diverse Microtubule-Targeting Agents in Breast Cancer
Authors: Tucker John B. , Carlsen Caleb L. , Scribano Christina M. , Pattaswamy Srishrika M. , Burkard Mark E. , Weaver Beth A.
Published: August 2024

Source data file (excel)
Supplementary methods and materials from FBXO32 Stimulates Protein Synthesis to Drive Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Metastasis
Authors: Su Dan , Wang Ruobing , Chen Guangyu , Ding Chen , Liu Yueze , Tao Jinxin , Wang Yuanyang , Qiu Jiangdong , Luo Wenhao , Weng Guihu , Yang Gang , Zhang Taiping
Published: August 2024

Supplementary methods and materials
Supplementary Table S7-S14 from FBXO32 Stimulates Protein Synthesis to Drive Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Metastasis
Authors: Su Dan , Wang Ruobing , Chen Guangyu , Ding Chen , Liu Yueze , Tao Jinxin , Wang Yuanyang , Qiu Jiangdong , Luo Wenhao , Weng Guihu , Yang Gang , Zhang Taiping
Published: August 2024

This file includes Supplementary Table S7-S14
Supplementary Fig. S7 from FBXO32 Stimulates Protein Synthesis to Drive Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Metastasis
Authors: Su Dan , Wang Ruobing , Chen Guangyu , Ding Chen , Liu Yueze , Tao Jinxin , Wang Yuanyang , Qiu Jiangdong , Luo Wenhao , Weng Guihu , Yang Gang , Zhang Taiping
Published: August 2024

Supplementary Fig. S7
Supplementary Fig. S5 from FBXO32 Stimulates Protein Synthesis to Drive Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Metastasis
Authors: Su Dan , Wang Ruobing , Chen Guangyu , Ding Chen , Liu Yueze , Tao Jinxin , Wang Yuanyang , Qiu Jiangdong , Luo Wenhao , Weng Guihu , Yang Gang , Zhang Taiping
Published: August 2024

Supplementary Fig. S5
Supplementary Fig. S28 from FBXO32 Stimulates Protein Synthesis to Drive Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Metastasis
Authors: Su Dan , Wang Ruobing , Chen Guangyu , Ding Chen , Liu Yueze , Tao Jinxin , Wang Yuanyang , Qiu Jiangdong , Luo Wenhao , Weng Guihu , Yang Gang , Zhang Taiping
Published: August 2024

Supplementary Fig. S28
Supplementary Fig. S27 from FBXO32 Stimulates Protein Synthesis to Drive Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Metastasis
Authors: Su Dan , Wang Ruobing , Chen Guangyu , Ding Chen , Liu Yueze , Tao Jinxin , Wang Yuanyang , Qiu Jiangdong , Luo Wenhao , Weng Guihu , Yang Gang , Zhang Taiping
Published: August 2024

Supplementary Fig. S27
Supplementary Fig. S22 from FBXO32 Stimulates Protein Synthesis to Drive Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Metastasis
Authors: Su Dan , Wang Ruobing , Chen Guangyu , Ding Chen , Liu Yueze , Tao Jinxin , Wang Yuanyang , Qiu Jiangdong , Luo Wenhao , Weng Guihu , Yang Gang , Zhang Taiping
Published: August 2024

Supplementary Fig. S22
Supplementary Fig. S21 from FBXO32 Stimulates Protein Synthesis to Drive Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Metastasis
Authors: Su Dan , Wang Ruobing , Chen Guangyu , Ding Chen , Liu Yueze , Tao Jinxin , Wang Yuanyang , Qiu Jiangdong , Luo Wenhao , Weng Guihu , Yang Gang , Zhang Taiping
Published: August 2024

Supplementary Fig. S21
Supplementary Fig. S20 from FBXO32 Stimulates Protein Synthesis to Drive Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Metastasis
Authors: Su Dan , Wang Ruobing , Chen Guangyu , Ding Chen , Liu Yueze , Tao Jinxin , Wang Yuanyang , Qiu Jiangdong , Luo Wenhao , Weng Guihu , Yang Gang , Zhang Taiping
Published: August 2024

Supplementary Fig. S20