bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controlling supramolecular copolymerization of alkynylplatinum(ii) terpyridine complexes: from isodesmic to cooperative mechanisms
Authors: Kim Sehee , Kim Minhye , Woo Seojeong , Kim Juyeong , Jung Sung Ho , Jung Jong Hwa
Published: February 2024

The supramolecular growth mechanism is controlled by the ratio of coassembly of Pt-Sat-C18 and Pt-DA-C25. The 8 : 2 ratio follows the isodesmic mechanism, while the 4 : 6 ratio follows the cooperative mechanism.
Polymer–drug conjugates as nano-sized multi-targeting systems for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Mahadik Nuruddin , Barron Gemma A. , Kong Thoo Lin Paul , Thompson Colin J.
Published: February 2024

This review mainly highlights the use of polymer–drug conjugates as an advanced drug delivery system to improve the treatment of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Coordination chemistry of alkali metal dimesityl-thio- and dimesityl-selenophosphinites [(L)2A-EPMes2]2 (A = Li, Na, K; E = S, Se; L = THF, THP) and [(18C6)K-SPMes2]
Authors: Dorow Richard C. C. , Liebing Phil , Görls Helmar , Westerhausen Matthias
Published: February 2024

The diaryl-thio- and diaryl-selenophosphinites of the alkali metals form dinuclear complexes. Especially for soft potassium, the aryl π-systems are competitive Lewis bases to the heavier chalcogen atoms in the coordination chemistry.
Correction: Post-synthetic molecular modifications based on Schiff base condensation reactions for designing functional paddlewheel diruthenium(ii,ii) complexes
Authors: Itoh Chisa , Yoshino Haruka , Kitayama Taku , Kosaka Wataru , Miyasaka Hitoshi
Published: February 2024

Correction for ‘Post-synthetic molecular modifications based on Schiff base condensation reactions for designing functional paddlewheel diruthenium(ii,ii) complexes’ by Chisa Itoh et al., Dalton Trans., 2024, 53, 444–448.
Synthesis of bioactive evodiamine and rutaecarpine analogues under ball milling conditions
Authors: Hu Hao-Chun , Yu Szu-Yin , Tsai Yi-Hong , Hsieh Pei-Wen , Wang Hui-Chun , Chen Yan-Ning , Chuang Ya-Ting , Lee Min-Yu , Chang Hsueh-Wei , Hu Hao-Chun , Wu Yang-Chang , Chang Fang-Rong , Szatmári István , Fülöp Ferenc
Published: February 2024

Mechanochemical reactions achieved by processes such as milling and grinding are promising alternatives to traditional solution-based chemistry.
Electro-oxidative intermolecular CSP2–H amination of heteroarenes via proton-coupled electron transfer
Authors: Liu Shuai , Liu Xin , Zhang Tian-Shu , Bao Xiaoyu , Sheng Xiaoyu , Qi Zhenjie , Jiang Dongfang
Published: February 2024

An electro-oxidative intermolecular CSP2–H amination of heteroarenes via proton-coupled electron transfer is reported.
Nickel catalyzed C–S cross coupling of sterically hindered substrates enabled by flexible bidentate phosphines
Authors: Lindenmaier Ivo H. , Richter Robert C. , Fleischer Ivana
Published: February 2024

The challenging nickel-catalyzed coupling of ortho-substituted aryl triflates with thiols was accomplished by employing a versatile bidentate ligand, capable of decoordination of one phosphorus atom during the deprotonation of thiol.
IronIII-catalyzed asymmetric inverse-electron-demand hetero-Diels–Alder reaction of dioxopyrrolidines with simple olefins
Authors: Zhan Tangyu , Zhou Liang , Zhou Yuqiao , Yang Bingqian , Feng Xiaoming , Liu Xiaohua
Published: February 2024

A highly enantioselective [4 + 2] cycloaddition of a number of simple olefins with cyclic hetero-diene of dioxopyrrolidines is realized by a chiral iron(iii)/N,N′-dioxide complex catalyst.
The influence of electromagnetic field models on the damper winding loss and heat calculation results of tubular hydro‐generator
Authors: Xu Meng‐qi , Hu Wen‐hao , Zhou Zhi‐ting , Fan Zhen‐nan
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the effect of electromagnetic field models on tubular hydro‐generator damper winding losses and heat calculations using an on‐site 36‐MW such generator as an example. Sinusoidal steady‐state and transient‐motion electromagnetic field models were established to analyze damper winding losses and heat. Results indicate that, despite exhibiting a substantially higher computational efficiency than the transient‐motion electromagnetic field time‐stepping FE model, the sinusoidal steady‐state electromagnetic field FE model does not comprehensively and reasonably consider several key factors, such as tooth and slot effects, the main magnetic field, and the armature reaction. Consequently, the magnetic field, damper bar loss, and heat derived from this model exhibit considerable deviations from the on‐site generator observations. In comparison, the transient‐motion electromagnetic field time‐stepping FE model, owing to its ability to consider these influencing factors, provides more comprehensive and reasonable results.
AM‐MulFSNet: A fast semantic segmentation network combining attention mechanism and multi‐branch
Authors: Jiang Rui , Chen Runa , Zhang Li , Wang Xiaoming , Xu Youyun
Published: February 2024

In order to balance accuracy and real‐time performance in semantic segmentation, this paper proposes a real‐time semantic segmentation algorithm model based on attention mechanism and multi‐branch feature fusion using Fast convolutional neural network model (Fast‐SCNN). In this method, the spatial detail feature enhancement branch is introduced to enhance spatial detail features firstly. Then, through rational design of fusion module, the feature information of each branch is optimized to achieve better fusion of deep and shallow features. At the end of the feature fusion module, an adaptive feature enhancement focus module is introduced to capture the interdependence between remote pixels. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves 71.55% segmentation accuracy on Cityscapes dataset, the reasoning speed FPS is 97.6 frames/s, and the number of parameters is 1.39 M, which verifies the effectiveness of the network model constructed by the algorithm. Code is available at https://github.com/ccchhheeennn/model.
Highly luminous supernovae associated with gamma-ray bursts
Authors: Kann D. A. , Rossi A. , Oates S. R. , Klose S. , Blazek M. , Agüí Fernández J. F. , de Ugarte Postigo A. , Thöne C. C. , Schulze S.
Published: February 2024

Context. The supernovae (SNe) associated with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are generally seen as a homogeneous population, but at least one exception exists: the highly luminous SN 2011kl associated with the ultra-long GRB 111209A. Such outliers may also exist for more typical GRBs.

Aims. Within the context of a systematic analysis of photometric signatures of GRB-associated SNe, we found an anomalous bump in the late-time transient following GRB 140506A at redshift z = 0.889. We hereby aim to show this bump is significantly more luminous and blue than usual SNe following GRBs.

Methods. We compiled all available data from the literature and added a full analysis of the Swift/UVOT data, which allowed us to trace the light curve from the first minutes all the way to the host galaxy and to construct a broad spectral energy distribution (SED) of the afterglow that extends the previous SED analysis based on ground-based spectroscopy.

Results. We find robust evidence of a late-time bump following the afterglow that shows evidence of a strong color change, with the spectral slope becoming flatter in the blue region of the spectrum. This bump can be interpreted as a luminous SN bump that is spectrally dissimilar to typical GRB-SNe. Correcting it for the large line-of-sight extinction makes the SN associated with GRB 140506A the most luminous detected so far. Even so, it would be in agreement with a luminosity-duration relation of GRB-SNe.

Conclusions. While not supported by spectroscopic evidence, it is likely the bump following GRB 140506A is the signature of an SN that is spectrally dissimilar to classical GRB-SNe and more similar to SN 2011kl – while being associated with an average GRB, indicating the GRB-SN population is more diverse than previously thought and can reach luminosities comparable to those of superluminous SNe.
Protoplanet collisions: New scaling laws from smooth particle hydrodynamics simulations
Authors: Crespi S. , Ali-Dib M. , Dobbs-Dixon I.
Published: February 2024

One common approach for solving collisions between protoplanets in simulations of planet formation is to employ analytical scaling laws. The most widely used one was developed by Leinhardt & Stewart (2012, ApJ, 745, 79) from a catalog of ~180 N-body simulations of rubble–pile collisions. In this work, we use a new catalogue of more than 20 000 SPH simulations to test the validity and the prediction capability of Leinhardt & Stewart (2012, ApJ, 745, 79) scaling laws. We find that these laws overestimate the fragmentation efficiency in the merging regime and they are not able to properly reproduce the collision outcomes in the super-catastrophic regime. In the merging regime, we also notice a significant dependence between the collision outcome, in terms of the largest remnant mass, and the relative mass of the colliding protoplanets. Here, we present a new set of scaling laws that are able to better predict the collision outcome in all regimes and it is also able to reproduce the observed dependence on the mass ratio. We compare our new scaling laws against a machine learning approach and obtain similar prediction efficiency.
Investigating the dark matter halo of NGC 5128 using a discrete dynamical model
Authors: Dumont Antoine , Seth Anil C. , Strader Jay , Sand David J. , Voggel Karina , Hughes Allison K. , Crnojević Denija , Forbes Duncan A. , Mateo Mario , Pearson Sarah
Published: February 2024

Context. As the nearest accessible massive early-type galaxy, NGC 5128 presents an exceptional opportunity to measure dark matter halo parameters for a representative elliptical galaxy.

Aims. Here we take advantage of rich new observational datasets of large-radius tracers to perform dynamical modeling of NGC 5128

Methods. We used a discrete axisymmetric anisotropic Jeans approach with a total tracer population of nearly 1800 planetary nebulae, globular clusters, and dwarf satellite galaxies extending to a projected distance of ∼250 kpc from the galaxy center to model the dynamics of NGC 5128.

Results. We find that a standard Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) halo provides an excellent fit to nearly all the data, except for a subset of the planetary nebulae that appear to be out of virial equilibrium. The best-fit dark matter halo has a virial mass of Mvir = 4.4−1.4+2.4 × 1012 M⊙, and NGC 5128 appears to sit below the mean stellar mass–halo mass and globular cluster mass–halo mass relations, which both predict a halo virial mass closer to Mvir ∼ 1013 M⊙. The inferred NFW virial concentration is cvir = 5.6−1.6+2.4, which is nominally lower than cvir ∼ 9 predicted from published cvir–Mvir relations, but within the ∼30% scatter found in simulations. The best-fit dark matter halo constitutes only ∼10% of the total mass at one effective radius but ∼50% at five effective radii. The derived halo parameters are consistent within the uncertainties for models with differing tracer populations, anisotropies, and inclinations.

Conclusions. Our analysis highlights the value of comprehensive dynamical modeling of nearby galaxies and the importance of using multiple tracers to allow cross-checks for model robustness.
Angular momentum and chemical transport by azimuthal magnetorotational instability in radiative stellar interiors
Authors: Meduri Domenico G. , Jouve Laurène , Lignières François
Published: February 2024

Context. The transport of angular momentum and chemical elements within evolving stars remains poorly understood. Asteroseismic and spectroscopic observations of low-mass main sequence stars and red giants reveal that their radiative cores rotate orders of magnitude slower than classical predictions from stellar evolution models and that the abundances of their surface light elements are too small. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence is considered a primary mechanism to enhance the transport in radiative stellar interiors but its efficiency is still largely uncertain.

Aims. We explore the transport of angular momentum and chemical elements due to azimuthal magnetorotational instability, one of the dominant instabilities expected in differentially rotating radiative stellar interiors.

Methods. We employed 3D MHD direct numerical simulations in a spherical shell of unstratified and stably stratified flows under the Boussinesq approximation. The background differential rotation was maintained by a volumetric body force. We examined the transport of chemical elements using a passive scalar.

Results. We provide evidence of magnetorotational instability for purely azimuthal magnetic fields in the parameter regime expected from local and global linear stability analyses. Without stratification and when the Reynolds number Re and the background azimuthal field strength are large enough, we observed dynamo action driven by the instability at values of the magnetic Prandtl number Pm in the range 0.6 − 1, which is the smallest ever reported in a global setup. When considering stable stratification at Pm = 1, the turbulence is transitional and becomes less homogeneous and isotropic upon increasing buoyancy effects. The transport of angular momentum occurs radially outward and is dominated by the Maxwell stresses when stratification is large enough. We find that the turbulent viscosity decreases when buoyancy effects strengthen and scales with the square root of the ratio of the reference rotation rate Ωa to the Brunt–Väisälä frequency N. The chemical turbulent diffusion coefficient scales with stratification similarly to the turbulent viscosity, but is lower in amplitude so that the transport of chemicals is slower than the one of angular momentum, in agreement with recent stellar evolution models of low-mass stars.

Conclusions. We show that the transport induced by azimuthal magnetorotational instability scales somewhat slowly with stratification and may enforce rigid rotations of red giant cores on a timescale of a few thousand years. In agreement with recent stellar evolution models of low-mass stars, the instability transports chemical elements less efficiently than angular momentum.
Retraction Note: Educational Marketing Tools on the Way to Costumer: Analogies with Approaches in Technical Systems Description
Authors: Artyukhova Nadiia , Artyukhov Artem , Rehak Robert , Vasylieva Tetyana
Published: February 2024

The authors have expressed the wish to retract this article on the grounds that the list of references is incorrect.

The Publisher and Editor(s) approved to the retraction.
HIV und Stigmatisierung im Kontext von
Hebammenbetreuung
Authors: Joschko Antonia
Published: February 2024

Stigmata bestehen im Zusammenhang mit HIV seit das Virus zum ersten Mal aufgetreten
ist. Obwohl mittlerweile Therapiemöglichkeiten entwickelt wurden, wird die
Stigmatisierung von Menschen mit HIV besonders in medizinischen Einrichtungen als
einer der limitierenden Faktoren in der HIV-Prävention und -Therapie
angesehen 5
13. Im Rahmen einer Bachelorarbeit erfasste die Autorin mithilfe einer
Hebammenbefragung (n=72), inwiefern die Stigmatisierung von
Gebärenden mit HIV die Hebammenbetreuung beeinflusst.
„Schlüsselrolle“ der Praxisanleitung: Wie
Lerncoaching den Lernerfolg fördert
Authors: Agel Lena , Elvira Beate , Pfeifenberger Hemma
Published: February 2024

Im ersten Teil unserer Artikelserie „Praxisanleitung“ geht es um
Lerncoaching wie anleitende Hebammen damit die Lernprozesse ihrer Studierenden
auf Augenhöhe begleiten und unterstützen können. Hierbei
präsentieren sie keine festen Lösungen, sondern setzen Impulse,
die die Studierenden dazu anregen, über ihr eigenes Lernen nachzudenken.
Zudem unterstützen sie die Studierenden dabei, neue Lernansätze
zu erkunden, auszuprobieren und zu bewerten.
The Concept of Thromboinflammation
Authors: Schrottmaier Waltraud C. , Assinger Alice
Published: February 2024

Inflammation and thrombosis are intricate and closely interconnected biological processes that are not yet fully understood and lack effective targeted therapeutic approaches. Thrombosis initiated by inflammatory responses, known as immunothrombosis, can confer advantages to the host by constraining the spread of pathogens within the bloodstream. Conversely, platelets and the coagulation cascade can influence inflammatory responses through interactions with immune cells, endothelium, or complement system. These interactions can lead to a state of heightened inflammation resulting from thrombotic processes, termed as thromboinflammation. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the existing knowledge of thromboinflammation and addressing its significance as a challenging clinical issue.
State of the art: Simulation in der Ultraschallausbildung
Authors: Lucius Claudia , Koch Jonas B. H. , Jenssen Christian , Karlas Thomas , Sänger Sophie Luise , Dietrich Christoph F.
Published: February 2024

Die Simulation diagnostischer und therapeutischer Prozeduren nimmt in der medizinischen Aus- und Weiterbildung einen wachsenden Stellenwert ein und ist auch für das Erlernen von Ultraschallverfahren zunehmend relevant. In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit werden die verschiedenen Simulationsstufen der Ultraschallmethodik und deren technische Grundlagen beschrieben. Zudem erfolgt eine kritische Literaturanalyse mit daraus abgeleiteten Empfehlungen zur Implementierung von Simulationstechniken in die ärztliche Aus- und Weiterbildung im Bereich der Ultraschalldiagnostik. Eine Gegenüberstellung von Vor- und Nachteilen der praktischen Anwendung belegt den Nutzen von Simulationen in Ausbildungssituationen, insbesondere im Kontext individueller Lernumgebungen und pandemiebedingter Kontaktbeschränkungen. Jedoch können die Komplexität der klinischen Untersuchungssituation und die Interaktion mit realen Patienten nur unvollkommen simuliert werden. Zukünftige Anwendungen sollten daher insbesondere für das Wiederholen und Prüfen bereits erlernter Kompetenzen unter Verwendung standardisierter Feedbackmechanismen eingesetzt werden, um begrenzte Weiterbildungsressourcen effektiver zu nutzen.
Takayasu – Arteriitis nach COVID-19-Infektion bei einer 26 Jahre alten Patientin mit Morbus Crohn
Authors: Kollecker Tristan , Nistal Markus , Waltz Volker , Ehard Florian , Moellers Mark , Gundling Felix
Published: February 2024

Extraintestinale Manifestationen z.B. an Haut, Gelenken oder Leber finden sich bei Morbus Crohn häufig. Wir berichten über eine 26 Jahre alte Patientin mit langjährig bekanntem Morbus Crohn, die bei V.a. erneuten akuten Schub bei suggestiver Klinik und laborchemisch deutlich erhöhten Entzündungswerten stationär aufgenommen wurde. Kurze Zeit vorher war die Diagnose einer symptomatischen COVID-19-Erkrankung (SARS-CoV-2-Variante Omikron) gestellt worden. Mittels umfassender endoskopischer und bildgebender Diagnostik konnte eine aktive Crohn-Erkrankung ausgeschlossen werden. Es zeigte sich jedoch eine langstreckige entzündliche Verdickung des Aortenbogens, sodass die Diagnose einer Takayasu-Arteriitis (Typ II b) gestellt werden konnte. Unter Steroidtherapie kam es zu einer raschen und anhaltenden Besserung der klinischen Symptomatik. Das Auftreten einer Takayasu-Arteriitis ist außerhalb von Japan ausgesprochen selten. Eine Koinzidenz mit chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen ist beschrieben und wird als mögliche extraintestinale Manifestation diskutiert. Das Auftreten immunvermittelter Erkrankungen nach COVID-19-Erkrankungen ist beschrieben und wird möglicherweise durch die Infektion getriggert. Patienten mit chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen könnten möglicherweise eine besondere Risikopopulation darstellen.
Clonal Hematopoiesis and Cardiovascular Risk: Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis, and beyond
Authors: Izzi Benedetta , Fuster José J.
Published: February 2024

Acquired mutations that lead to clonal hematopoiesis have emerged as a new and potent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other cardiovascular conditions. Human sequencing studies and experiments in mouse models provide compelling evidence supporting that this condition, particularly when driven by specific mutated genes, contributes to the development of atherosclerosis by exacerbating inflammatory responses. The insights gained from these studies are paving the way for the development of new personalized preventive care strategies against cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, available evidence also suggests a potential relevance of these mutation in the context of thrombosis, an area requiring thorough investigation. In this review, we provide an overview of our current understanding of this emerging cardiovascular risk factor, focusing on its relationship to atherosclerosis and thrombosis.
Association of short-course antimicrobial therapy and bacterial resistance in acute cholangitis: Retrospective cohort study
Authors: Masuda Sakue , Jinushi Ryuhei , Imamura Yoshinori , Kubota Jun , Kimura Karen , Shionoya Kento , Makazu Makomo , Sato Ryo , Kako Makoto , Kobayashi Masahiro , Uojima Haruki , Koizumi Kazuya
Published: February 2024

Background and study aims Although the number of resistant bacteria tends to increase with prolonged antimicrobial therapy, no studies have examined the relationship between the duration of antimicrobial therapy and increase in the number of resistant bacteria in acute cholangitis. We hypothesized that the short-term administration of antimicrobial agents in acute cholangitis would suppress bacterial resistance.

Patients and methods This was a single-center, retrospective,
observational study of patients with acute cholangitis admitted between January 2018 and June
2020 who met the following criteria: successful biliary drainage, positive blood or bile
cultures, bacteria identified from cultures sensitive to antimicrobials, and subsequent
cholangitis recurrence by January 2022. The patients were divided into two groups: those whose
causative organisms at the time of recurrence became resistant to the antimicrobial agents
used at the time of initial admission (resistant group) and those who remained susceptible
(susceptible group). Multivariate analysis was used to examine risk factors associated with
the development of resistant pathogens. Multivariate analysis investigated antibiotics used
with the length of 3 days or shorter after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
(ERCP) and previously reported risk factors for the development of bacterial
resistance.

Results In total, 89 eligible patients were included in this study. There were no significant differences in patient background or ERCP findings between the groups. The use of antibiotics, completed within 3 days after ERCP, was associated with a lower risk of developing bacterial resistance (odds ratio, 0.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.04–0.65; P=0.01).

Conclusions In acute cholangitis, the administration of antimicrobials within 3 days of ERCP may suppress the development of resistant bacteria.
Technik und Studienlage der laparoskopischen Gastrektomie bei Magenkarzinom
Authors: Ludwig Kaja , Scharlau Uwe , Schneider-Koriath Sylke
Published: February 2024

Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Technik einer laparoskopischen Gastrektomie bei Magenkarzinom darzustellen sowie in einem Review die aktuelle internationale Studienlage zu diesem Thema zusammenzufassen.

Im 1. Teil wird eine laparoskopische Standardgastrektomie bei Karzinom beschrieben und dokumentiert. Im 2. Teil werden nach einer EMBASE- und PubMed-Suche aus primär 3042 Treffern durch systematisches Eingrenzen insgesamt 123 qualitätsrelevante randomisierte (RCT) und nicht randomisierte (non-RCT) Studien zur laparoskopischen Gastrektomie identifiziert. Danach werden die Studienergebnisse konklusiv für die Zielkriterien Durchführbarkeit, Outcome, onkologische Qualität sowie Morbidität und Mortalität zusammengefasst.

Sowohl die laparoskopisch subtotale Resektion bei distalen Magenkarzinomen wie auch die laparoskopische Gastrektomie sind inzwischen sicher und komplikationsarm durchführbar. In einem aktuellen Literaturreview über insgesamt 15 RCT mit 5576 Patienten (laparoskopisch 2793 vs. offen 2756) ergaben sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede in Bezug auf Durchführbarkeit, intraoperatives Outcome und onkologische Qualität (R0-Status und Lymphknotenausbeute). Die chirurgische Morbidität und Mortalität waren vergleichbar. Patienten nach laparoskopischer Operation zeigten eine signifikant schnellere frühpostoperative Erholung mit einer geringeren Gesamtmorbidität. Im Gegensatz dazu war die Operationszeit im Vergleich zur offenen Technik um durchschnittlich 45 min signifikant verlängert. Die Vorteile der laparoskopischen Technik bildeten sich in Studien zum Magenfrühkarzinom und bei fortgeschrittenen Karzinomen (>T2) gleichermaßen ab.

Die laparoskopische Gastrektomie bei Magenkarzinom ist sicher durchführbar und zeigt eine bessere frühpostoperative Erholung. Komplikationsraten, Morbidität und Mortalität sowie onkologische Langzeitergebnisse sind mit der offenen Chirurgie vergleichbar.
Prothetische Versorgungskonzepte nach Majoramputation der oberen
Extremität – eine Übersicht gegenwärtiger Möglichkeiten
Authors: Harnoncourt Leopold , Gstoettner Clemens , Laengle Gregor , Boesendorfer Anna , Aszmann Oskar
Published: February 2024

Hintergrund Die obere Extremität und insbesondere die Hand sind für die
Interaktion des Menschen mit seiner Umwelt von entscheidender Bedeutung –
schwere Verletzungen oder Amputationen gehen daher mit einem erheblichen
Funktionsverlust einher und beeinträchtigen die Lebensqualität der Patienten
sehr. Wenn biologische Rekonstruktionsversuche nicht zu einem ausreichenden
Erfolg führen oder nicht möglich sind, kommt der bionischen Rekonstruktion eine
Schlüsselrolle in der Versorgung dieser Patienten zu. Konventionelle
myoelektrische Prothesen werden über zwei Signale gesteuert, die über
Oberflächenelektroden im Bereich der Stumpfmuskulatur abgeleitet werden.
Insbesondere bei hohen Amputationen ist die Prothesensteuerung dann nur sehr
eingeschränkt und umständlich möglich. Die Operationsmethode der Targeted Muscle
Reinnervation (TMR) bietet hier einen innovativen Lösungsansatz: Die großen
Armnerven, die durch Amputation ihre Zielorgane verloren haben, werden auf neue
Zielmuskeln im Bereich des Amputationsstumpfes transferiert. Dadurch können
kognitive Steuersignale etabliert werden, welche eine deutlich verbesserte
Prothesensteuerung ermöglichen.

Patienten/Material und Methoden Es erfolgte eine selektive
Literaturrecherche zum Thema TMR und bionische Rekonstruktion mit Aufarbeitung
und Diskussion relevanter Arbeiten, unter Berücksichtigung der klinischen
Erfahrungen unserer Forschungsgruppe. Zusätzlich wird ein klinischer
Patientenfall vorgestellt.

Ergebnisse Die bionische Rekonstruktion in Kombination mit TMR ermöglicht
eine intuitive Prothesensteuerung mit simultaner Bewegung verschiedener
prothetischer Freiheitsgrade und bietet zudem einen neuen Ansatz in der Therapie
von Neurom- und Phantomschmerzen. Langfristiger Erfolg erfordert ein hohes Maß
an Patientencompliance und intensives Signaltraining während der prothetischen
Rehabilitationsphase. Trotz technologischer Fortschritte bestehen weiterhin
Herausforderungen, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Signalüberleitung und der
sensiblen Integration bionischer Prothesen.

Schlussfolgerung Die Operationstechnik der TMR stellt einen bedeutenden
Fortschritt der prothetischen Versorgung von Amputierten dar. Durch selektive
Nerventransfers zur Signalmultiplikation und -amplifikation ermöglicht sie, das
Potential myoelektrischer Prothesen weiter auszuschöpfen und die Therapie dieser
speziellen Patientengruppe zu verbessern. Entwicklungen im Bereich der externen
Prothesenkomponenten, Verbesserungen der skelettalen Anbindung durch
Osseointegration und flüssigere Signalübertragung durch drahtlose, vollständig
implantierte Elektrodensysteme werden sowohl hinsichtlich der
Bewegungspräzision, als auch des Embodiments deutliche Fortschritte in der
bionischen Rekonstruktion ermöglichen.
Prevalence of Poor Sleep Quality and its Association with Lifestyle Habits, Competition-Based Activities, and Psychological Distress in Japanese Student-Athletes During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Monma Takafumi , Yamashita Kazuki , Yoshida Goichiro , Fujita Eiji , Miyazawa Taiki , Ebine Naoyuki , Matsukura Keita , Takeda Satoko , Matamura Misato , Yamane Maki , Ando Kayoko , Omi Naomi , Sagayama Hiroyuki , Takeda Fumi
Published: February 2024

Objectives The present study clarified the prevalence of poor sleep quality and its relation to lifestyle habits, competitive-based activities, and psychological distress among Japanese student-athletes in the initial pandemic period (2020) and 1 year later (2021).

Methods In the present study, student-athletes were defined as individuals belonging to university athletic clubs. The data of two cross-sectional surveys (2020: n = 961 and 2021: n = 711) were collected from student-athletes in 6 universities in Japan. First, the prevalence of poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index score > 5) was investigated. Relationships between poor sleep quality and lifestyle habits, competition-based activities, and psychological distress were then explored using multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index.

Results The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 33.6% in 2020 and 36.6% in 2021. Poor sleep quality in 2020 was related to late bedtime, taking supplements before bed, part-time job (no late night), stressors of expectations and pressure from others, and psychological distress, whereas that in 2021 was related to early wake-up time, skipping breakfast, taking caffeinated drinks before bed, use of smartphone/cellphone after lights out, stressors of motivation loss, and psychological distress.

Conclusions In both 2020 and 2021, one-third of student-athletes had poor sleep quality and psychological distress was its common risk factor. Lifestyle habits and competition stressors associated with poor sleep quality were pandemic-specific in 2020, but similar to the prepandemic period in 2021.
Perioperative Challenges in Airway and Ventilatory Management of a Neurosurgical Patient with Klippel–Feil Syndrome
Authors: Lakshminarasimhaiah Geetha , Niranjan Akshita , Shivakumar Sonika
Published: February 2024

Klippel–Feil syndrome, a rare congenital anomaly, has a classical triad of low posterior hairline, short neck, and restriction of neck movements. Complex airway anatomy increases the risk of neurological damage while handling the airway during positioning and laryngoscopy. We address the possible anesthetic challenges that one might face in these patients, such as difficult airway, difficult weaning from the ventilator with increased chances of reintubation, prolonged intensive care and mechanical ventilation, and difficult tracheostomy. Every anesthesiologist must be aware of the available options in the management of a difficult airway in emergent circumstances. Despite the numerous encounters, we were able to effectively manage a case of Klippel–Feil syndrome perioperatively.
Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation in a Pediatric Patient with Severe Systemic Hypertension
Authors: Rani Divya , Kumar Meenakshi , Jain Mansi , Kochhar Anjali
Published: February 2024

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are a tangle of blood vessels that connects arteries and veins in which the feeding arteries are directly connected to the venous channels. Cerebral AVM needs special consideration due to high risk of bleeding and neurological deficit associated with morbidity and mortality. In pediatric population, prevalence rate of cerebral AVM is 0.02%. The systemic hemodynamic changes are seen more frequently with peripheral AVM, whereas its association with cerebral AVM is rare. We report a rare case of cerebral AVM in a 12-year-old child with severe systemic hypertension and electrocardiogram changes of biventricular hypertrophy planned for surgical resection of AVM in view of intracerebral bleed. This case illustrates the importance of detailed cardiac, renal, and endocrine evaluation in children with cerebral AVM with systemic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy to rule out other causes of systemic hypertension prior to surgery.
Dietary Inflammatory Index of Obese Individuals with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Sousa Bianca Aparecida de , Vicente Beatriz Martins , Bastos Amália Almeida , Ribeiro Sandra Maria Lima , Aquino Rita de Cássia de , Quaresma Marcus Vinícius dos Santos , Tufik Sergio , De-Mello Marco Túlio , Melo Camila Maria de
Published: February 2024

The objective of the present study was to describe the dietary inflammatory profile and its correlations with sleep parameters of obese individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Forty individuals underwent nocturnal polysomnography, anthropometric measurements, body composition by plethysmography, assessment of food consumption by three-day food records, and blood collection for the lipid, glycemic and hormonal profile. Food consumption data were evaluated semiquantitatively, quantitalively assessment, and calculation of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) was perfomed. The results demonstrated a predominantly proinflammatory dietary profile. The participants showed a low intake of fruit and vegetables. Additionally, a low consumption of fiber, magnesium, vitamin D, and vitamin E was observed, although there was an adequate distribution of macronutrients. In conclusion, although the inflammatory profile did not correlate with OSA, the study showed a directly proportional relationship between adequate dietary patterns and better sleep quality.
Prophylactic Antibiotic Use Prior to Port Placement and Its Effect on Insertion-Related Infection Rates: A Five-Year Retrospective Review
Authors: Smith Hubert E. , Sabri Saher S. , Jain Neil K. , Syed Zuby J. , Nguyen Quang H. , Buckley Donna C.
Published: February 2024

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare insertion-related port infection rates between patients who received intraprocedural prophylactic antibiotics versus those who did not.

Materials and Methods All patients who underwent port insertion by interventional radiology from 7/1/ 2015 through 7/1/2020 at a single U.S.-based Health System were identified using electronic medical records database. During this period, 2,099 patients underwent port placement at three hospitals within the same health system. One-thousand sixty-three patients who underwent port placement at one hospital received periprocedural antibiotics and 1,036 patients at the two other hospitals did not receive antibiotics. Retrospective data were reviewed on each patient including demographics, reason for port insertion, and evidence of port infection. All relevant data up to 30 days postinsertion were reviewed, including blood cultures, unplanned readmissions, emergency room visits, and clinic visits. Qualitative trends were evaluated for various subgroups including presence of bacteremia, time from insertion, and demographics. Patients with an obvious external source of infection were excluded.

Results Insertion-related infection rate was 0.9% for the entire cohort, 1.23% for the antibiotic group, and 0.68% for the nonantibiotic group. The insertion-related infection for adult patients was 0.88% for the antibiotic group and 0.68% for the nonantibiotic group. The pediatric insertion-related infection rate was 7.69%, all of whom received intravenous antibiotics. No other clear qualitative differences were noted for analyzed subgroups.

Conclusion This study demonstrates low insertion-related port infection rate with no clinically significant difference between the groups that did or did not receive antibiotics. Subgroup analysis showed an exceptionally high infection rate in the pediatric population despite receiving preprocedure antibiotics.
Ischemic Stroke Post-Transradial Chemoembolization
Authors: Justaniah Almamoon I. , Omar Mohamed A. , Tashkandi Abdulaziz M.
Published: February 2024

Transarterial chemoembolization is one of the approved locoregional treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma. The procedure is safe; however, stroke may happen as one of the rarest complications. Our patient is a 68-year-old male who underwent transradial chemoembolization to treat hepatocellular carcinoma, who then developed ischemic stroke on postoperative day 1. The possible causes of stroke in our patient will be presented with review of the literature. Although rare, stroke post-chemoembolization can happen. The presence of intratumoral shunt or inadvertent injection of air bubbles in a coexisting right-to-left shun or the use of transradial approach can increase the risk of stroke.
Image-Guided Percutaneous Sclerotherapy for Orbital Low-Flow Malformation: Our Experience
Authors: Lokdarshi Gautam , Kumar Shwetam , Kumar Subhash , Nitu Nitu , Gaur Nripen
Published: February 2024

For a safe sclerotherapy session to be completed in the orbital low-flow malformation (namely lymphovenous malformation or venolymphatic malformation), accurate identification of the target lesion for the drug injection is crucial. Regarding the dependability and viability of the injection approach, the authors have discussed their experiences with image-guided percutaneous sclerotherapy on a few patients.
Usefulness of Intraoperative Infrared Thermography in Intracranial Surgeries: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: da Costa Camila Monteiro Gonçalves , da Costa Vinícius Verbicário Botelho , de Souza Caio Araujo , Menezes Diego Rodrigues , Acioly Marcus Andre
Published: February 2024

With the advancement of technology in Neurosurgery, imaging guidance for surgical planning and intraoperative assessment has become relevant. Currently, two major methods of imaging guidance are generally explored in the literature, namely based on imaging and fluorescence. These techniques, however, are not without limitations. Thermal imaging has potentially broad applications in clinical practice, especially for intracranial diseases. Infrared thermography (IT) has been an underestimated tool with few reports on its usefulness during intracranial surgeries. In this article, we aim to provide a brief discussion on the limitations of current intraoperative imaging techniques for intracranial surgeries and to provide an in-depth state-of-the-art review on intraoperative IT (IIT) for intracranial lesions. High-resolution IIT is a non-invasive alternative imaging method that provides real-time estimation of regional cerebral blood flow. For brain tumors, the studies were mostly directed to diagnostic purposes and occasionally for lesion-localization. The use of IIT to address the extent of resection is a potential new application. Clinical data in this issue suggests that IIT might detect residual tumors, occasionally not assessed by other imaging technologies. Thermographic measurements during vascular and epilepsy surgeries comprise an interesting field for future research with potential clinical implications. Further experimental and clinical studies should be addressed to provide technical refinements and verify the usefulness of this noninvasive technology in neurosurgery.
CEFR vocabulary level as a predictor of user interest in English Wiktionary entries
Authors: Lew Robert , Wolfer Sascha
Published: February 2024

This contribution explores the relationship between the English CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages) vocabulary levels and user interest in English Wiktionary entries. User interest was operationalized through the number of views of these entries in Wikimedia server logs covering a period of four years (2019–2022). Our findings reveal a significant relationship between CEFR levels and user interest: entries classified at lower CEFR levels tend to attract more views, which suggests a greater user interest in more basic vocabulary. A multiple regression model controlling for other known or potential factors affecting interest: corpus frequency, polysemy, word prevalence, and age of acquisition confirmed that lower CEFR levels attract significantly more views even after taking into account the other predictors. These findings highlight the importance of CEFR levels in predicting which words users are likely to look up, with implications for lexicography and the development of language learning materials.
Climate change and food security in South Asia: the importance of renewable energy and agricultural credit
Authors: Rehman Abdul , Batool Zakia , Ma Hengyun , Alvarado Rafael , Oláh Judit
Published: February 2024

Weather, trade restrictions, rising oil prices, a lack of financial support for farmers, and other factors have contributed to the destabilization of South Asian food security. The purpose of this study is to determine the long-run and short-run relationships between climate change, agricultural credit, renewable energy, and food security for a sample of South Asian countries between 1990 and 2021. The Dynamic Common Correlated technique is utilized for empirical analysis since it directly addresses the issue of cross-sectional dependency while delivering accurate cointegration findings. The study’s empirical findings show that climate change reduces food availability and increases the incidence of food insecurity in South Asia. In contrast, the use of renewable energy sources has a positive effect on food security in the short-run but not in the long-run, while the availability of credit to farmers has a positive effect on food security. Findings suggest that South Asian countries may reduce climate change’s negative effect on food security by investing in climate services, climate-resilient infrastructure, growing drought-resistant crops, using supplemental reinforced agricultural practices, and improving their weather forecasting capabilities.
Does large-scale research infrastructure affect regional knowledge innovation, and how? A case study of the National Supercomputing Center in China
Authors: Yang Haodong , Liu Li , Wang Gaofeng
Published: February 2024

Large-scale research infrastructures (LSRIs) are widely acknowledged as a crucial instrument for venturing into the uncharted territories of science and technology, as well as contributing to the well-being of society. However, only a limited number of literature have scrutinized the impact of LSRIs, founded upon a causal inference framework. Moreover, the function of LSRIs in the advancement of innovation at the regional level remains inadequately identified. Drawing on the resource-based view, this study develops a conceptual framework that links the scientific effect of LSRIs to innovation resources in order to assess their impact on knowledge innovation (KI). Taking China’s National Supercomputing Center (NSC) as a case, three major mechanism hypotheses are proposed for the impact of NSC on KI, including basic effect, network effect, and technology effect. Using panel data from 283 cities in China from 2000 to 2020, we employ a spatial difference-in-differences estimation model to examine the impact of NSC on KI. The research finds that: (1) The construction of NSC stimulates KI in local and surrounding areas. (2) The main mechanisms by which NSC promotes KI include the increase in fiscal investment and talents in science, the improvement of digital infrastructure, as well as the enhancement of urban network centrality and innovation efficiency. (3) Geographical proximity, cooperation proximity, and digitization proximity constitute the main channels of policy spillover. (4) NSC has not shown significant promotion of regional innovation convergence, and its radiation influence needs further improvement. (5) The knowledge innovation effects of NSCs manifest heterogeneity based on the distinct knowledge orientation and innovation environment, with this impact being notably pronounced in application innovation-oriented cities such as Shenzhen. The results of this study reveal the positive yet limited impact of NSC on KI and provide a reference for other economies in the areas of LSRIs, digital infrastructure, and the formulation of place-based innovation policy.
Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation neural networking (LMB-NN) analysis of hydrodynamic forces in fluid flow over multiple cylinders
Authors: Rehman Khalil Ur , Shatanawi Wasfi , Mustafa Zead
Published: February 2024

The mathematical formulation of the flowing liquid stream around and through confined multiply connected domains brings a complex differential system. Due to this, one cannot provide a complete description of flow field properties. The current pagination provides a numerical remedy by the use of artificial intelligence in this direction. To be more precise, fluid is considered in the rectangular channel. The circular, square, and triangular-shaped cylinders are positioned as an obstacle to the continuous fluid. The channel’s left wall is viewed as an inlet and two different velocity profiles are introduced at an inlet that are constant and parabolic profile. To discretize the computational domain, hybrid meshing is used. The variance in basic variables, namely, the velocity of the liquid and the distribution of the liquid pressure, is recorded via graphs. The nine different meshed grades are tested for the drag and lift coefficients around the right-angle triangle, square, and circular barrier. The neural networking model is constructed by using 99 datasets of sample values for drag coefficient when characteristic length, the density of fluid, the dynamic viscosity of the fluid, and mean flow velocity are taken as inputs. The training of the neural network takes up 69 slots (about 70%), while the testing and validation of the neural network each take up 15 slots (15%). The Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation algorithm is used for training. We have observed that for the parabolic profile, the drag coefficient is higher in intensity for each obstacle compared to the constant profile, while the lift coefficient shows opposite patterns.
Numerical investigation into the blending characteristics of opposed wall jets in a finite field with different stagger distances
Authors: Yuan Hao , Li Xiaofei , Liang Haoran , Xie Chunhang , Hu Ruichang
Published: February 2024

Strong turbulence is generated by the blending of opposed staggered jets (OSJs). This turbulence results in fluid mixing and energy dissipation, which are crucial for pollutant dilution and the filling of navigation lock chambers. A renormalization group k-ε turbulence model is adopted to conduct three-dimensional simulations of OSJs at various stagger distances. The blending characteristics of two square water jets at eight stagger distances L* within a finite field are examined; here, L* is defined as the distance between the center lines of the staggered jets divided by the jet diameter. The initial Reynolds number and inlet diameter of the jets for the numerical simulations are set to 2.99 × 106 and 0.6 m, respectively. The numerical results show that there is a linear correlation between the decay exponent and the jet half-width, both of which increase and then gradually stabilize with increasing L*. Intriguingly, the vortex strength and blending length both increase at first before decreasing as L* increases, and the blending effectiveness distribution mirrors these fluctuations. Moreover, a decay model for the axial velocity is formulated in terms of the decay exponent and L*. These investigations yield substantial theoretical results underpinning fluid mixing and orifice arrangement in navigation lock chambers.