bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of exposure to multiple volatile organic compounds with ultrasound-defined hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in the adult US population: NHANES 2017–2020
Authors: Shao Wentao , Gong Pan , Wang Qihan , Ding Fan , Shen Weiyi , Zhang Hongchao , Huang Anhua , Liu Chengyu
Published: January 2025

Objective

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are pervasive environmental pollutants known to impact human health, but their role in liver steatosis or fibrosis is not fully understood. This study investigates the association of urinary VOC mixtures with the risk of liver steatosis and fibrosis in U.S. adult population.

Methods

Data of 1854 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2017.01 to 2020.03 were collected. Vibration Controlled Transient Elastography (VCTE) assessed hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis via the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM), respectively. The study examined the relationship between urinary exposure biomarkers for 20 VOCs and liver health outcomes using multivariate logistic regression and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) to evaluate the effects of both individual and mixed VOC exposures.

Results

Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that exposure biomarkers for acrolein and crotonaldehyde were positively associated with hepatic steatosis. Conversely, biomarkers for styrene, ethylbenzene, and propylene oxide were negatively associated with hepatic steatosis. Furthermore, biomarkers for 1,3-butadiene and xylene were positively associated with liver fibrosis, while ethylbenzene was negatively associated with this condition. BKMR analysis identified a significant positive joint effect of VOC biomarkers on CAP. Notably, when other VOC-EBs were held at median levels, biomarkers for acrolein and 1,3-butadiene exhibited linear correlations with Ln CAP and hepatic Ln LSM, respectively.

Conclusion

The study highlights the potential hepatotoxic effects of VOC mixtures, particularly noting the roles of acrolein and 1,3-butadiene in exacerbating liver steatosis and fibrosis. These findings advocate for further research to explore the mechanistic pathways and conduct longitudinal studies to establish causality and enhance understanding of VOCs’ impact on liver health.
Does the reform of the phased reduction of the pension insurance contribution rate benefit the labor income share of enterprises?
Authors: Dou Chengqiang , Liu Ying
Published: January 2025

Introduction

This paper develops a theoretical model to clarify the mechanisms by which pension insurance contribution rate affects the labor income share of enterprises and conducts empirical validation.

Methods

Utilizing a difference-in-differences approach, this paper analyzes data from China’s A-share listed companies from 2013 to 2018 to examine the impact and mechanism of the phased reduction of the pension insurance contribution rate on enterprise labor income share.

Results and discussion

The phased reduction of the pension insurance contribution rate is beneficial for increasing enterprise labor income shares, with significant variations observed across regions and enterprise ownership types. The actual pension insurance contribution rate and capital intensity are two potential mechanisms through which this reform affects labor income share.

Conclusion

In summary, we establish a causal link between the reform of the phased reduction of the pension insurance contribution rate and enterprise labor income share. This suggests that continuing the reform could increase labor income share, but it necessitates enhanced collection and management of pension insurance contributions, along with differentiated policies based on regional and enterprise ownership characteristics.
Stress sources and symptoms: the role of gender in a Brazilian university medical school
Authors: Romeo Marina , Marques Antonio Luiz , Yepes-Baldó Montserrat , Boria-Reverter Sefa
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The main objective of this research was to identify the sources and symptoms of occupational stress among Brazilian university professors and examine the impact of gender on this relationship.

Methods

A total of 81 university professors from a Brazilian Federal University Medical School answered a questionnaire that collected demographic and occupational data, lifestyle information, health issues, and stress symptoms originating from work and personal factors. Univariate statistics, Spearman correlation and the forgotten effects theory were used to analyze the data.

Results

Participants experienced medium-high stress levels from individual factors and low stress levels from work-related factors. Common stress symptoms included fatigue and nervousness. There was a significant correlation between stress sources from work and individual factors, with different symptoms linked to each source. Gender moderated the relationship between work-related stress sources and symptoms and the forgotten effects theory revealed overlooked but significant cause-and-effect relationships.

Discussion

Universities should implement supportive measures and policies that consider the unique challenges faced by faculty, particularly related to gender. These initiatives can create a healthier and more productive work environment for professors and benefit both faculty members and students alike.
Mediating effects of social detachment in young and middle-aged stroke patients between stigma and ability to return to work
Authors: Dong Jinping , Ding Xueying , Wen Yating , Sun Shujie , Wu Jingliang , Wang Jianhua , Fan Yang , Hu Guojing , Xin Zhang , Li Jiayin , Sun Xiaoyan
Published: January 2025

Objective

To investigate the mediating effect of social isolation on the relationship between stigma and work ability in young and middle-aged stroke patients.

Methods

From May 2022 to May 2024, a survey was conducted on young and middle-aged stroke patients visiting the neurology department of a tertiary hospital in Weifang. The survey utilized the General Information Questionnaire, the Rankin Scale, the General Isolation Scale, the Stigma Scale for Stroke Patients, and the Work Ability Scale.

Results

The scores for work ability, social isolation, and stigma among young and middle-aged stroke patients were 44.23 ± 12.72, 46.27 ± 5.17, and 43.37 ± 4.48, respectively. There was a positive correlation between stigma and social isolation scores (r = 0.550, P < 0.01), and a negative correlation between stigma and work ability scores (r = −0.371, P < 0.01). Social isolation was negatively correlated with work ability (r = −0.418, P < 0.01). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis indicated that stroke type, duration of illness, mRS score, stigma, and social isolation are significant factors affecting work ability in young and middle-aged stroke patients. Social isolation significantly mediated the relationship between stigma and work ability, accounting for 21.66% of the total effect.

Conclusion

Stigma and social isolation can directly predict the level of work ability in young and middle-aged stroke patients. Additionally, stigma can indirectly influence work ability through social isolation.
Hormone replacement therapy, menopausal age and lifestyle variables are associated with better cognitive performance at follow-up but not cognition over time in older-adult women irrespective of APOE4 carrier status and co-morbidities
Authors: Watermeyer Tamlyn J. , Gregory Sarah , Leetham Emmi , Udeh-Momoh Chinedu T. , Muniz-Terrera Graciela
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The impact of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) on cognitive function in postmenopausal women remains a topic of considerable debate. Although estrogen's neuroprotective effects suggest potential cognitive benefits, empirical findings are mixed.

Methods

This study uses data from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study Wales (CFAS Wales) cohort to explore the relationships between HRT use, age at menopause, APOE4 carrier status, lifestyle factors, comorbidities, and cognitive outcomes in older adult women. Two regression models were employed: one analyzing cognitive performance at follow-up and another examining changes in cognitive scores over time.

Results

Results indicate that while age, education, HRT use, age at menopause, alcohol consumption, and diet were associated with cognitive function at a single later time point, only age remained a significant predictor when modeling cognition over time.

Discussion

These findings suggest that while HRT, menopausal age and lifestyle factors may support cognitive stability, they do not necessarily predict cognitive decline in post-menopausal older women. A major limitation of the current work is the lack of detail regarding HRT use, such as formulation, timing and duration; caveats that future studies should address. The study underscores the need for longer follow-up periods, consideration of other female-specific risk factors, and more comprehensive lifestyle and health assessments to clarify the complex interplay between HRT use, reproductive history, lifestyle, comorbidities and cognitive aging in women.
Three-year follow-up case report: root canal treatment combined with intentional replantation for treating type III palatogingival groove in a maxillary lateral incisor
Authors: Jia Jixu , Cheng Miao , Shi Sumeng , Qiao Yanchun
Published: January 2025

Palatogingival groove is a developmental anomaly that can lead to significant periodontal and periapical diseases, particularly in Type III, which extends to the apex and communicates with the periodontal membrane through the apical foramen. This case report details the management of a Type III palatogingival groove in a maxillary lateral incisor, combining root canal treatment and intentional replantation, followed by a 3-year follow-up to assess the mid-term efficacy of this approach. The patient presented with a narrow and deep periodontal pocket on the palatal side, destruction of the palatal root surface and labial bone plate, and a persistent sinus tract. Initial treatment involved controlling the intracanal infection using root canal treatment under a dental microscope. One week later, the tooth was extracted for ex vivo preparation, including apical retrofilling and segmented filling of the root surface groove, before replantation and stabilization with elastic fixation on the labial side. At the 2-month follow-up, the labial sinus tract had completely healed. The palatal area, which initially exhibited a probing depth of 10 mm, demonstrated an 8-mm gain in clinical attachment. Probing revealed no signs of bleeding or pus discharge. Radiographic examinations showed the disappearance of periapical radiolucency. Regular follow-ups at 12, 24, and 36 months indicated no discomfort, with radiographic evidence of new bone formation at the apex and gradual recovery of the periodontal membrane, achieving new periodontal attachment. This case demonstrates that root canal treatment combined with intentional replantation, with a focus on infection control, is an effective treatment method for managing Type III palatogingival groove in maxillary lateral incisors.
A comparison of acute affective responses, physiological measures and training volume between superset and traditional resistance training in untrained adults
Authors: Myraunet Per Aslak , Saeterbakken Atle Hole , Andersen Vidar
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to compare the perceptive responses, physiological measures, training volume and training duration comparing a superset vs. a traditional resistance training session in untrained adults. Thirty adults (29 ± 7 years, 1.72 ± 0.1 m, 77 ± 16 kg) performed one superset resistance training session and one traditional resistance training session in a randomized-crossover design. Both sessions consisted of eight exercises with two sets and a load of ∼10-repetition maximum. The outcomes included number of repetitions, training duration, blood lactate and heart rate in addition to rate of perceived exertion (RPE), rate of perceived discomfort (RPD), session displeasure/pleasure (sPDF) and exercise enjoyment (EES) which were recorded in the middle and post-exercise. Forty-eight hours after the last session the participants reported which session they would prefer as their regular routine if they had to choose. The main findings were that the superset session led to greater RPE compared to the traditional session (p = 0.012–0.16, d = 0.53–0.54). Further, there was a trend towards greater RPD after the superset session, although not reaching statistical significance (p = 0.092, d = 0.41). There were no differences for sPDF (p = 0.404) or EES (p = 0.829). Furthermore, the superset session demonstrated higher levels of blood lactate levels (18.3%. p < 0.001, d = 0.81) and average heart rate (7.8%, p < 0.001, d = 1.53) compared to the traditional session. The traditional session took 60% longer time (p < 0.001, d = 6.62), and had 4.6% more repetitions (p = 0.006, d = 0.54) compared to the superset session. Two out of three participants reported the superset session as their preferred regular training routine. In conclusion, the superset session led to a higher perceived effort and discomfort, higher metabolic stress, took less time, had a lower training volume and was more preferred compared to the traditional session in untrained adults.
Multi-generational adaptation to Solanum nigrum increases reproduction and decreases microbial diversity of Aphis gossypii
Authors: Wang Peng , Jing Yu-Xi , Ma Ya-Jie , Wang Dan , Shan Yong-Pan , Hu Hongyan , Wu Changcai , Song Xian-Peng , Ren Xiangliang , Ma Yan , Ma Xiaoyan
Published: January 2025

Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) causes considerable damage to crop yields globally. Solanum nigrum (Solanales: Solanaceae), an annual malignant weed, serves as a crucial weed host for A. gossypii. However, the potential mechanisms by which A. gossypii adapts to different hosts during the transition between crops, such as Gossypium hirsutum (Malvales: Malvaceae) and S. nigrum remain elusive. We calculated the life table parameters of A. gossypii after rearing on S. nigrum for ten generations. The fifth generation of A. gossypii (T5) exhibited the strongest adaptability to S. nigrum, demonstrating notably higher values of r (intrinsic rate of increase), λ (finite rate of increase), and fecundity compared to the first generation of A. gossypii (T1). Upon retransferring T1, T5, and the tenth generation of A. gossypii (T10) were retransferred to G. hirsutum (designated as T1-M, T5-M, and T10-M, respectively), the T5-M showed superior r, λ, and fecundity compared to both T1-M and T10-M. 16S rRNA sequencing and qPCR analyses indicated a significant decrease in the diversity of the symbiotic bacterial community in both T5 and T10. Notably, Buchnera and Arsenophonus were two dominant symbiotic bacteria related to metabolism and host adaptability in A. gossypii. The relative abundance of Buchnera in T5 and T10 significantly increased compared to M and T, while the relative abundance of Arsenophonus decreased markedly. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) function prediction analysis suggested that the roles of symbiotic bacteria in A. gossypii are primarily linked to metabolic processes. Therefore, the adaptation of A. gossypii to S. nigrum enhances its population expansion on G. hirsutum, potentially involving the metabolic functions of Buchnera and Arsenophonus. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the scientific management of A. gossypii and S. nigrum in the fields.
Application of selection Index for enhancing resistance to Cryptocarya irritans and Vibrio alginolyticus in large yellow croaker
Authors: Wang Jiaying , Zhao Ji , Liu Bo , Chi Hongshu , Jiang Pengxing , Xiao Junzu , Jiang Zhou , Miao Lingwei , He Qian , Zeng Junjia , Ke Qiaozhen , Zhou Tao , Xu Peng
Published: January 2025

Despite the high cost of genotyping and the limited economic return per individual that restricts the use of genome selection technology in aquatic species breeding, integrating multiple traits in a selection index can reduce costs and present a promising direction for fish breeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and performance of breeding for dual resistance traits against C. irritans and V. alginolyticus in large yellow croaker, using a selection index approach. A candidate stock population from the C. irritans resistance strain (GS3) of the F2 generation (n = 560) was genotyped using a 55 K SNP array. A total of 50 broodstock with the highest genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV) ranking for the C. irritans resistance trait were selected to produce the F3 generation, while 50 broodstock with the highest selection index were selected to breed the double trait strain (GS9). In parallel, two populations without selective breeding population (C1and C2) were used as the control group to produce the offspring. The genetic improvement effect of all the breeding lines (GS3, GS9, C1, and C2) was assessed through artificial challenge experiments with C. irritans and V. alginolyticus, respectively. The GWAS result indicated that resistance to V. alginolyticus was a polygenic trait and the heritability of resistance to V. alginolyticus was estimated to be approximately 0.1. The survival rates of GS9 and GS3 were 43.74 and 86.81%, respectively, after 120 h of challenge with C. irritans infection, whereas those of C1 and C2 remained at 0%. Furthermore, the survival rates of GS9 and GS3 were 27.03 and 15.48%, respectively, after 48 h of V. alginolyticus infection, while the survival rates of C1 and C2 were 12.67 and 14.17%, respectively. These results indicate that genetic improvement of multiple traits in large yellow croaker using genomic selection technology is indeed feasible. Moreover, this study provides a valuable reference for advancing multi-trait breeding applications in aquatic species.
A Strategy for Simultaneous Engineering of Interspecies Cross-Reactivity, Thermostability, and Expression of a Bispecific 5T4 x CD3 DART® Molecule for Treatment of Solid Tumors
Authors: Huang Renhua R. , Spliedt Michael , Kaufman Tom , Gorlatov Sergey , Barat Bhaswati , Shah Kalpana , Gill Jeffrey , Stahl Kurt , DiChiara Jennifer , Wang Qian , Li Jonathan C. , Alderson Ralph , Moore Paul A. , Brown Jennifer G. , Tamura James , Zhang Xiaoyu , Bonvini Ezio , Diedrich Gundo
Published: January 2025

Background: Bispecific antibodies represent a promising class of biologics for cancer treatment. However, their dual specificity and complex structure pose challenges in the engineering process, often resulting in molecules with good functional but poor physicochemical properties. Method: To overcome limitations in the properties of an anti-5T4 x anti-CD3 (α5T4 x αCD3) DART molecule, a phage-display method was developed, which succeeded in simultaneously engineering cross-reactivity to the cynomolgus 5T4 ortholog, improving thermostability and the elevating expression level. Results: This approach generated multiple DART molecules that exhibited significant improvements in all three properties. The lead DART molecule demonstrated potent in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity. Although its clearance in human FcRn-transgenic mice was comparable to that of the parental molecule, faster clearance was observed in cynomolgus monkeys. The lead α5T4 x αCD3 DART molecule displayed no evidence of off-target binding or polyspecificity, suggesting that the increased affinity for the target may account for its accelerated clearance in cynomolgus monkeys. Conclusions: This may reflect target-mediated drug disposition (TMDD), a potential limitation of targeting 5T4, despite its limited expression in healthy tissues.
Integrating New Approach Methodologies to Address Environmental Pancreatic Toxicity and Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Ge Yue
Published: January 2025

Advancing our understanding of pancreatic toxicity and metabolic disorders caused by environmental exposures requires innovative approaches. The pancreas, a vital organ for glucose regulation, is increasingly recognized as a target of harm from environmental chemicals and dietary factors. Traditional toxicological methods, while foundational, often fail to address the mechanistic complexities of pancreatic dysfunction, particularly under real-world conditions involving multiple exposures. New Approach Methodologies (NAMs)—including high-throughput screening (HTS), OMICS technologies, computational modeling, and advanced in vitro systems—offer transformative tools to tackle these challenges. NAMs enable the identification of mechanistic pathways, improve testing efficiency, and reduce reliance on animal testing. This commentary explores the integration of NAMs into pancreatic toxicity screening, addresses critical gaps in evaluating the cumulative risks of chemical and dietary exposures, and proposes solutions for integrating the pancreas into toxicity screening through NAMs. By highlighting recent advancements and emphasizing their adoption in environmental toxicity assessment frameworks, this work demonstrates the potential of NAMs to revolutionize environmental health research, inspire interdisciplinary collaboration, and protect public health.
Drug Advances in NAFLD: Individual and Combination Treatment Strategies of Natural Products and Small-Synthetic-Molecule Drugs
Authors: Wan Xing , Ma Jingyuan , Bai He , Hu Xuyang , Ma Yanna , Zhao Mingjian , Liu Jifeng , Duan Zhijun
Published: January 2025

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease and is closely associated with metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome. However, effective treatment strategies for NAFLD are still lacking. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of NAFLD, identifying multiple therapeutic targets and providing new directions for drug development. This review summarizes the recent advances in the treatment of NAFLD, focusing on the mechanisms of action of natural products, small-synthetic-molecule drugs, and combination therapy strategies. This review aims to provide new insights and strategies in treating NAFLD.
Cell Mechanisms of Post-Mortem Excitability of Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Stigter H. , Krap T. , Duijst W. L. J. M.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The excitability of skeletal muscle is a less-known post-mortem supravital phenomenon in human bodies, and it can be used to estimate the post-mortem interval. We conducted a field study in the Netherlands to investigate the applicability of muscle excitability (SMR) by mechanical stimulation for estimating the post-mortem interval in daily forensic practice. Knowledge concerning the post-mortem cell mechanisms accounting for the post-mortem excitability of skeletal muscle is lacking. Cell mechanisms are the specific intracellular and biochemical processes responsible for post-mortem muscle excitability. Methods: We have studied the theoretical backgrounds of the cell mechanisms that might be responsible for post-mortem muscle excitability, by performing literature research via the databank PubMed. Results: Based on the current available literature, in our opinion the intracellular changes in muscle cells that are responsible for SMR resemble the intracellular processes responsible for muscle fatigue due to energy exhaustion in the living. Conclusions: We hypothesize two pathways, depending on the level of energy in the muscle cell, that could be responsible for post-mortem muscle excitability by mechanical stimulation.
Comprehensive Review of Early and Late Toxicities in CAR T-Cell Therapy and Bispecific Antibody Treatments for Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Bangolo Ayrton , Amoozgar Behzad , Mansour Charlene , Zhang Lili , Gill Sarvarinder , Ip Andrew , Cho Christina
Published: January 2025

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (or CAR-T) therapy and bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies, offering new options for relapsed or refractory cases. However, these therapies carry risks of early complications, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), and delayed issues like graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), infections, and secondary cancers. Effective management requires early diagnosis using advanced biomarkers and imaging, along with prompt interventions involving immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, and cytokine inhibitors. A multidisciplinary approach is essential, integrating hematologists, oncologists, and infectious disease specialists, with emerging strategies like targeted biologics and personalized medicine showing promise in balancing efficacy with toxicity management. Ongoing research is critical to refine diagnostics and treatments, ensuring that these therapies not only extend survival but also improve patients’ quality of life. This review provides critical insights for healthcare professionals to quickly recognize and treat complications of CAR-T and BsAbs therapies. By focusing on early detection through biomarkers and imaging and outlining timely therapeutic interventions, it aims to equip the multidisciplinary care team with the knowledge necessary to manage the challenges of these advanced treatments effectively, ultimately optimizing patient outcomes.
Feature Papers in Catalysis in Organic and Polymer Chemistry
Authors: Cadierno Victorio , Mancuso Raffaella
Published: January 2025

Catalysis plays a key role in both organic chemistry and polymer chemistry [...]
Metabolite-Sensing Receptors: Emerging Targets for Modulating Chronic Pain Pathways
Authors: Pușcașu Ciprian , Andrei Corina , Olaru Octavian Tudorel , Zanfirescu Anca
Published: January 2025

Chronic pain is a debilitating condition affecting millions worldwide, often resulting from complex interactions between the nervous and immune systems. Recent advances highlight the critical role of metabolite-sensing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in various chronic pain types. These receptors link metabolic changes with cellular responses, influencing inflammatory and degenerative processes. Receptors such as free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1/GPR40), free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4/GPR120), free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2/GPR43), and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5/GPR131/GPBAR1) are key modulators of nociceptive signaling. GPR40, activated by long-chain fatty acids, exhibits strong anti-inflammatory effects by reducing cytokine expression. Butyrate-activated GPR43 inhibits inflammatory mediators like nitric oxide synthase-2 and cyclooxygenase-2, mitigating inflammation. TGR5, activated by bile acids, regulates inflammation and cellular senescence through pathways like NF-κB and p38. These receptors are promising therapeutic targets in chronic pain, addressing the metabolic and inflammatory factors underlying nociceptive sensitization and tissue degeneration. This review explores the molecular mechanisms of metabolite-sensing receptors in chronic pain, their therapeutic potential, and challenges in clinical application. By uncovering these mechanisms, metabolite-sensing receptors could lead to safer, more effective pain management strategies.
Engineering the Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Ti3AlC2, Hf3AlC2, Hf3GaC2, (ZrHf)3AlC2, and (ZrHf)4AlN3 MAX Phases via the Ab Initio Method
Authors: Alruqi Adel Bandar
Published: January 2025

When combined with ceramics, ternary carbides, nitrides, and borides form a class of materials known as MAX phases. These materials exhibit a multilayer hexagonal structure and are very strong, damage tolerant, and thermally stable. Further, they have a low thermal expansion and exhibit outstanding resistance to corrosion and oxidation. However, despite the numerous MAX phases that have been identified, the search for better MAX phases is ongoing, including the recently discovered Zr3InC2 and Hf3InC2. The properties of MAX phases are still being tailored in order to lower their ductility. This study investigated Ti3AlC2 alloyed with nitrogen, gallium, hafnium, and zirconium with the aim of achieving better mechanical and thermal performances. Density functional theory within Quantum Espresso module was used in the computations. The Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof generalised gradient approximation functionals were utilised. (ZrHf)4AlN3 exhibited an enhanced bulk and Young’s moduli, entropy, specific heat, and melting temperature. The best thermal conductivity was observed in the case of (ZrHf)3AlC2. Further, Ti3AlC2 exhibited the highest shear modulus, Debye temperature, and electrical conductivity. These samples can thus form part of the group of MAX phases that are used in areas wherein the above properties are crucial. These include structural components in aerospace and automotive engineering applications, turbine blades, and heat exchanges. However, the samples need to be synthesised and their properties require verification.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity Research of Sulfur-Containing Metal Complexes
Authors: Yang Yanting , Li Danqin , Luo Mei
Published: January 2025

In this experiment, the excellent coordination ability of sulfur-containing ligands was utilized. Diphenylacetyl disulfide and 3,3′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone were selected as ligands, and Cu(NO3)2·3H2O, Ni(NO3)2·6H2O and ZnCl2 were reacted under one-pot conditions to synthesize three mononuclear complexes: [C4H18CuO12S2](I), [C12H18N4NiO11S](II) and [C24H24Cl2N4O4S2Zn](III). Complex (I) belongs to the orthorhombic crystal system with space group Pbca, while complexes (II) and (III) belong to the monoclinic crystal system with space groups P21/n and P2/n. The crystal structure of the complex was determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The structure of the complex was analyzed using infrared Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and the thermal stability and composition of the complex were detected via thermogravimetry (TGA). In terms of application, the biological activity of complexes (I)–(III) in human cancer cell lines (lung cancer A549, liver cancer SMMC-7721, breast cancer MDA-MB-231, and colon cancer SW480) was tested using the MTS method. The results showed that complex (II) had a good inhibitory effect on breast cancer MDA-MB-231.
Stroke and Pulmonary Thromboembolism Complicating a Kissing Aneurysm in the M1 Segment of the Right MCA
Authors: Toader Corneliu , Brehar Felix-Mircea , Radoi Mugurel Petrinel , Serban Matei , Covache-Busuioc Razvan-Adrian , Aljboor Ghaith S. , Gorgan Radu Mircea
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Kissing aneurysms, a rare and intriguing cerebrovascular anomaly, challenge even the most advanced neurosurgical techniques. These lesions, characterized by two intimately apposed aneurysms with shared arterial walls, often masquerade as single, irregular aneurysms. This report documents a case of ruptured kissing aneurysms in the M1 segment of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA), complicated by ischemic stroke and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE)—a convergence of severe complications rarely encountered. The case underscores the importance of precise diagnostics, innovative surgical strategies, and multidisciplinary care. Methods: A 55-year-old female presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage, confirmed by advanced imaging to arise from ruptured kissing aneurysms in the M1 segment of the right MCA. Surgical intervention via a right frontotemporal craniotomy and microsurgical clipping achieved definitive aneurysmal exclusion. Postoperatively, the patient experienced ischemic stroke and PTE, necessitating dynamic adjustments in anticoagulation therapy, intensive care, and rehabilitation protocols. Results: The dual aneurysms were successfully clipped, as confirmed by intraoperative and postoperative imaging. Despite developing significant complications, including left-sided motor deficits and PTE, a carefully orchestrated treatment strategy enabled the patient’s full recovery, with marked neurological and systemic improvement by her three-month follow-up. This favorable outcome highlights the resilience of a multidisciplinary approach in navigating such high-risk scenarios. Conclusions: This case showcases the formidable challenges of managing kissing aneurysms, particularly when compounded by stroke and PTE. It emphasizes the transformative role of cutting-edge imaging and surgical techniques in achieving successful outcomes. By illustrating how precision medicine and collaborative care can overcome rare and complex cases, this report contributes valuable insights to the evolving field of cerebrovascular surgery and postoperative management.
Hospitalization Trends and Healthcare Resource Utilization for Fecal Impactions in Pediatric Patients with Functional Constipation
Authors: Le Diem , Durrani Hafiza , Khatana Jasmine , Velayuthan Sujithra , Sankararaman Senthilkumar , Thavamani Aravind
Published: January 2025

Objectives: To analyze the clinical characteristics, trends in hospitalization, and healthcare resource utilization of pediatric patients with fecal impaction. Methods: We utilized the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) databases, including the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) and the Kids Inpatient Database (KID) datasets from 2011 to 2019, to include all hospitalizations of patients up to 18 years of age with a primary diagnosis of (1) fecal impaction or (2) a primary diagnosis of abdominal pain or constipation with a secondary diagnosis of fecal impaction. The study analyzed various comorbid factors and clinical characteristics of these patients. For healthcare resource utilization, we analyzed the length of hospital stays and total hospital charges, adjusted for inflation. Results: A total of 23,570 admissions due to fecal impactions in children between the years 2011 and 2019 were analyzed, contributing to 0.18% of the total pediatric admissions. Hospitalization rates nearly doubled from 2011 (0.15%) to 2019 (0.29%). The mean hospitalization charges also trended upwards from 15,234 USD in 2011 to 22,487 USD in 2019. The inflation-adjusted annual rate of increase in hospital charges during this period was 5.9% per year. Aggressive fecal disimpaction procedures (either manual or surgical) were performed in approximately 3% of these admissions. Multivariate regression showed that older children (13–18 years of age) were more likely to require aggressive disimpaction. Female children, those with Hispanic ethnicity, and those with obesity were less likely to be associated with the need for disimpaction. Conclusions: Hospitalizations for fecal impaction have increased significantly over the past decade, creating a substantial burden on healthcare resources. Our study highlights the importance of aggressive outpatient management strategies with close follow-up for fecal impactions, which will potentially minimize these hospitalizations.
Evaluation of Advanced Artificial Intelligence Algorithms’ Diagnostic Efficacy in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT-4o and Claude 3.5 Sonnet Models
Authors: Koyun Mustafa , Taskent Ismail
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide, with early and accurate diagnosis being critical for timely intervention and improved patient outcomes. This retrospective study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of two advanced artificial intelligence (AI) models, Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT-4o) and Claude 3.5 Sonnet, in identifying AIS from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Methods: The DWI images of a total of 110 cases (AIS group: n = 55, healthy controls: n = 55) were provided to the AI models via standardized prompts. The models’ responses were compared to radiologists’ gold-standard evaluations, and performance metrics such as sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were calculated. Results: Both models exhibited a high sensitivity for AIS detection (ChatGPT-4o: 100%, Claude 3.5 Sonnet: 94.5%). However, ChatGPT-4o demonstrated a significantly lower specificity (3.6%) compared to Claude 3.5 Sonnet (74.5%). The agreement with radiologists was poor for ChatGPT-4o (κ = 0.036; %95 CI: −0.013, 0.085) but good for Claude 3.5 Sonnet (κ = 0.691; %95 CI: 0.558, 0.824). In terms of the AIS hemispheric localization accuracy, Claude 3.5 Sonnet (67.2%) outperformed ChatGPT-4o (32.7%). Similarly, for specific AIS localization, Claude 3.5 Sonnet (30.9%) showed greater accuracy than ChatGPT-4o (7.3%), with these differences being statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study highlights the superior diagnostic performance of Claude 3.5 Sonnet compared to ChatGPT-4o in identifying AIS from DWI. Despite its advantages, both models demonstrated notable limitations in accuracy, emphasizing the need for further development before achieving full clinical applicability. These findings underline the potential of AI tools in radiological diagnostics while acknowledging their current limitations.
Power Transmission Mechanism and Tribological Performance of Modern Bicycle Drivetrains—A Review
Authors: Liew Yook Wah , Matthews Owen , Dao Dzung Viet , Li Huaizhong
Published: January 2025

Bicycles are one of the most sustainable forms of transportation and sports available today, known for their environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness, lightweight design, compactness, and health benefits. The efficiency and power transmission of bicycle drivetrains have emerged as crucial concerns for engineers, bicycle manufacturers, and both professional and amateur cyclists. However, research and publications related to bicycle drivetrain systems and their tribological performance are notably limited. There is a lack of systematic reviews on technological progress and recent research works in this field. This paper aims to redress this imbalance by presenting a comprehensive literature review of power transmission and tribology in bicycle drivetrains through assessing an extensive body of theoretical and practical work encompassing bicycle drivetrains and roller chain drive mechanisms and performance. This review comprises an exploration of bicycle drivetrain mechanisms and components, an examination of subjects related to power transmission mechanics and efficiency, and a thorough analysis of tribological factors in bicycle drivetrains, including friction, wear, and lubrication. A particular focus has been put on the performance of roller chain drives. This review consolidates research findings related to power transmission within the bicycle drivetrain systems and outlines some future perspectives in relevant research. Through this review, we aim to shed light on the existing knowledge gaps within bicycle drivetrain research and offer constructive recommendations for advancements in this field.
Diet, Advanced Maternal Age, and Neonatal Outcomes: Results from the GESTAGE Study
Authors: Puche-Juarez Maria , Toledano Juan M. , Hinojosa-Nogueira Daniel , de Paco Matallana Catalina , Sánchez-Romero Javier , Ochoa Julio J. , Carrillo Maria Paz , Martín-Álvarez Estefanía , Diaz-Castro Javier , Moreno-Fernandez Jorge
Published: January 2025

Maternal nutrition during pregnancy plays a pivotal role in influencing both maternal and fetal health, impacting neonatal anthropometric outcomes and long-term disease susceptibility. An advanced maternal age (AMA ≥ 35 years) has been linked to increased risks of obstetric complications and adverse neonatal outcomes, yet its specific nutritional profile remains underexplored. Background/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the nutrient and polyphenol intakes of women at an AMA compared to those of a younger control group and to investigate associations with neonatal anthropometric measures. Methods: A cohort of 200 pregnant women, stratified into AMA and control groups, completed a food frequency questionnaire during the second trimester. Neonatal anthropometric data were collected at delivery. Results: Intakes of fiber, zinc, copper, selenium, vitamins E, B1, B3 and folate were lower in the AMA group in comparison with the control values. Negative correlations were found between fiber, vitamin A and vitamin E and the head circumference of the newborn, with fiber being identified as a potential predictor of this parameter. Conclusions: Despite some limitations, such as the fact that the FFQ was completed only once during pregnancy and the cross-sectional design of the study, the findings highlight notable nutritional deficiencies among AMA women, which may influence neonatal outcomes such as head circumference. These results underscore the need for nutritional guidelines and supplementation strategies tailored to pregnant women over 35 years of age.
The Role of Maintaining Nutritional Adequacy Status and Physical Activity in Onco-Nephrology: Not a Myth Anymore, but a Reality
Authors: Trevisani Francesco , Paccagnella Matteo , Angioi Andrea , Fiorio Francesco , Floris Matteo , Pontara Andrea , Rosiello Giuseppe , Violante Silvia , Capitanio Umberto , Salonia Andrea , Montorsi Francesco , Bettiga Arianna
Published: January 2025

Background: Physical Activity (PA) provides numerous biological and psychological benefits, especially for cancer patients. PA mitigates treatment side effects, influences hormones, inflammation, adiposity, and immune function, and reduces symptoms of anxiety, depression, and fatigue. This study evaluates the impact of PA on these positive outcomes. Materials and Methods: An observational retrospective study enrolled 81 patients: 31 with CKD stages II–V and 50 with CKD and urological malignancies. Baseline and 6-month follow-up visits included clinical (Iohexol, Creatinine, Cystatin C) and anthropometric parameters (Bioimpedance Analysis, body circumferences). Physical activity levels were assessed using the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) test. Patients followed a Mediterranean-like diet with controlled protein intake (MCPD) and received PA improvement advice. Statistical analysis was performed using linear regression and Pearson’s Chi-Squared test with R programming. Results: Significant reductions in total adiposity and abdominal fat and improved body fluid distribution were observed. Post intervention, there was a 25.4% reduction in inactive individuals and an 88% increase in active lifestyles. Patients aged 75+ were more likely to be sedentary, indicating a need for increased professional attention. No correlation was found between increased PA and creatinine, cystatin, and eGFR values, but a positive correlation with GFR measured by iohexol clearance remained significant in multivariate analysis. Post intervention, regular PA engagement increased from 12.3% to 48% (p < 0.002). Conclusions: Incorporating PA and nutritional assessments into standard clinical care, supported by a collaborative nephrologist–nutritionist approach, can enhance the quality of life of CKD patients.
A Review of Potential Agents for Colon Cancer Interception in FAP Patients: Evidence from Preclinical Studies in APCMin/+ Mice
Authors: Venkatachalam Karthikkumar , Goswami Krishnendu , Madka Venkateshwar , Rao Chinthalapally V.
Published: January 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major reasons for cancer-related deaths around the world. Constitutive activation of WNT pathway, due to APC gene mutation, is the characteristic feature of most human colon tumors. Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients inherit APC mutations and pose an absolute risk of developing CRC in their lifetime. The genetically modified APC mouse models have paved the way to study various aspects of the hereditary human CRC, including biochemical, molecular, and histological aspects. Preclinical and clinical data suggest that certain dietary supplements, NSAIDs, natural products, and chemically synthesized compounds, can help in intercepting CRC incidence and progression by modulating various hallmarks of cancer. In this review, we have provided a summary of promising natural and synthetic agents that demonstrated chemopreventive efficacy against CRC in the FAP-mimicking APCMin/+ mouse model.
Correction: Rabi’ et al. Packed Bed Thermal Energy Storage System: Parametric Study. Thermo 2024, 4, 295–314
Authors: Rabi’ Ayah Marwan , Radulovic Jovana , Buick James M.
Published: January 2025

In the original publication [...]
Analysis Of The Implementation Of The ASEAN Political Security Community Framework In The Philippines In Counter Terrorism Efforts
Authors: Melinda Susan , Darmayadi Andrias
Published: January 2025

This research aims to analyze the Philippines' failure in tackling terrorism based on the ASEAN Political-Security Community (APSC) Blueprint mechanism. This research uses a descriptive-qualitative approach to describe facts, characteristics of subjects and objects precisely, also uses data collection techniques through literature review by collecting secondary data. The results show that although the Philippines has ratified the ASEAN Convention on Counter Terrorism (ACCT) in 2010, it still relies on a militaristic approach in dealing with the Abu Sayyaf group in Mindanao, which is contrary to the APSC framework that emphasizes a comprehensive security approach. Moreover, based on adherence theory and constructivism paradigm, the Philippines shows its identity incompatibility with the ASEAN framework, as its priority on counterterrorism relies on a militaristic rather than comprehensive approach. Therefore, the case indicates ASEAN's ineffectiveness in ensuring the level of adherence of member states to implement the agreed regional counter-terrorism mechanism. Keywords — Adherence theory, APSC, Terrorism, the Philippines
Upaya Kedutaan Besar Republik Indonesia Kuala Lumpur Dalam Meningkatkan Akses Pendidikan Dasar Anak Pekerja Migran Indonesia Melalui Program Sanggar Bimbingan
Authors: Nurrahman Diyat , Triwahyuni Dewi
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mengenai bagaimana upaya Kedutaan Besar Republik Indonesia Kuala Lumpur dalam Meningkatkan Akses Pendidikan Dasar Anak Pekerja Migran Indonesia melalui Program Sanggar Bimbingan. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti mencoba menganalisis apa saja Upaya yang dilakukan oleh Kedutaan Besar Republik Indonesia Kuala Lumpur dalam meningkatkan akses pendidikan anak pekerja migran Indonesia dan hasil dari kegiatan tersebut untuk kepentingan nasional Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. Dalam mengumpulkan data-data, peneliti melakukan studi literatur, penelusuran Online, observasi lapangan, dan wawancara. Sedangkan untuk teknik menganalisis peneliti menggunakan teknik redaksi data. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa Kedutaan Besar Republik Indonesia dalam meningkatkan Akses Pendidikan Dasar Anak Pekerja Migran Indonesia melalui Program Sanggar Bimbingan, akan memberikan manfaat dan hasil yang baik untuk kepentingan nasional Indonesia, dan pemerintah Indonesia juga bisa menjalankan kewajiban di dalam undang-undang untuk pemenuhan hak-hak anak terutama pada bagian pendidikan.
Kata kunci—PMI, Diplomasi, Indonesia, Malaysia, Sanggar Bimbingan