bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Through the Implementation of Low-carbon Technologies for the Use of Lands disturbed by Mining Operations
Authors: Skrypnyk O. O. , Ostapenko N. S. , Kriuchkova S.
Published: September 2021

The climate change is a global environmental problem. Its solution requires thereduction of greenhouse gas emissions, especially CO2, as soon as possible. The developmentand implementation of low-carbon technologies can help in achievement this goal. Disturbedlands, which are a source of environmental pollution, can be used to reduce CO2 emissions. Wepropose to introduce technologies for locating solar and wind power plants on disturbed lands,primarily on mining dumps of overburden. The capacity of such solar and wind power plants canreplace thermal power plants, which generate the main volumes of CO2 emissions. Placing onthe mining dumps of overburden of solar power plants has advantages due to the use of southernexposures of the slopes. The wind power plants on the top of mining dumps of overburden takemore opportunities to use of wind speed by attracting additional height. Mining dumps haveemitted carbon dioxide due to the decomposition of limestone and the spontaneous combustion ofcarbon-containing rocks. Counteraction of CO2 emissions by coating the surface with inert materialsthat block the access of moisture and acid solutions to hazardous rocks is proposed. The useof new technologies for the rehabilitation of disturbed lands through the formation of secondaryecosystems creates opportunities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This have avoids additionalCO2 emissions during the operation of machines and mechanisms at the mining–technicaland biological stages of reclamation. Secondary soils able to accumulate carbon in the form oforganic matter up to 11 t / ha for 30–50 years. The study of technogenic soils formation on loess-like loams in the landscape reserves “Vizyrka” (Inguletsky GOK), “Hrushivka” (MarganetskyGOK), “Vershina” (Prosyansky GOK) are have evidenced of this facts. Plant components of ecosystemshave even more opportunities. Secondary vegetation absorbs CO2 from the atmosphereduring photosynthesis, creates the coating of surface of lands disturbed by mining operations.Clover plant group show the greatest ability to accumulate carbon (up to 57 t/ha per year). Theresearch was carried out at the research area of Inguletsky GOK. Our assessment testifies that theintegrated application of the above technologies will reduce emissions in Kryvbas by 95 milliontons of CO2 per year. The work was carried out under the target program of the National Academyof Sciences of Ukraine “Scientific and technical and economic and ecological foundations oflow-carbon development of Ukraine”.
Environmental Risk Assessment in the Masrik River Basin
Authors: Nalbandyan М. А. , Nersisyan А. О.
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to assess the environmental risks of water pollutionin the Masrik River catchment area. The risk assessment studies are based on the results of thehydrochemical monitoring of the Masrik River Basin water quality in 2012‒2014. The main riskfactors for pollution of the river basin area are mining, agriculture, uncontrolled utility flows.Zoning was performed and areas of zones were calculated using a digital elevation model (DEM)in the ArcGIS software environment and taking into account sampling points and river basins. Atthe same time, the territory was ranked by population density. Then a geodatabase (GDB) wascompiled. GDB presents the point assessments of the state of river waters according to the level ofthe pollutant concentration factor and population density. The thematic layers based on the resultsof the indicators in the ArcGIS program were compiled. A map was obtained according to a pointassessment of environmental risk. An integrated assessment of river water pollution was carriedout in different parts of the basin. The population density and total risk index were calculated. Thethree risk zones were identified in the river basin: high, medium and low. In addition to presentingtheoretical value, the conclusions are also of practical importance and can be used in the developmentof river basin risk management programs, measures for quality management and control ofpollution sources in the aread.
Sweet Sorghum Raw Material Production on Reclaimed Lands
Authors: Kharytonov M. M. , Babenko M. G. , Kozechko V. I. , Martynova N. V. , Hamandii V. L. , Mytsyk O. O.
Published: September 2021

Bioenergetic characteristics of quantitative and qualitative properties of sweet sorghumhybrids are provided on the basis of a comprehensive study under conditions of cultivationon reclaimed lands. The results of studying the growth and yield characteristics of hybrids ofdomestic and American selection during four years from 2016 to 2019 under the conditions of thePokrov educational and scientific station of land reclamation DSAEU are presented. The height ofthe crop stands varied from 235.3 to 300.0 cm when growing sweet sorghum on various substratesof mining formations. The lowest yield of green biomass was observed mainly on gray-green clay(38.1 t/ha), and the highest – on loess-like loam (101.0 t/ha). Fertililizing with nitrogen fertilizerand biohumate by fertigation helped to strengthen vertical growth, increase the yield of greenbiomass and sweet sorghum grains. The greatest effect was obtained for American hybrids. ForUkrainian hybrids, the application of nitrogen fertilizers had a positive effect on black soil andloess-like loam while the effect of biohumate was noticed only on loess-like loam. Long-termresearch of the sweet sorghum hybrids allowed us to evaluate the studied objects by the level ofpossible production of green biomass and theoretical bioethanol. Ukrainian hybrids Medove andZubr using allow to produce on marginal lands from 3600 to 4250 l/ha of ethanol. The potential ofAmerican hybrids SS506 and Mohawk is slightly lower – 3150–3400 l/ha. Fertigation with nitrogenfertilizer increases the yield of theoretical ethanol from 27% to 68%, irrigation and additionof biohumate – from 15% to 36%
SOSIALISASI KESEHATAN PENCEGAHAN COVID 19 DI KELURAHAN MARGASARI KOTA BALIKPAPAN
Authors: Anam Hairul
Published: September 2021

Kegiatan sosialisasi kesehatan pencegahan covid 19 merupakan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dalam upaya kontribusi kepada masyarakat untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan hidup dan menyelesaikan permasalahan yang dialami masyarakat khususnya dalam pencegahan penularan Covid-19. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan melalui program Sosialisasi kesehatan pencegahan Covid-19 yang merupakan kegiatan berbasis pengabdian kepada masyarakat untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang upaya memutus mata rantai penularan Covid-19 dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Margasari, Kecamatan Balikpapan Barat Kota Balikpapan  dengan metode pengabdian berupa kegiatan sosialisasi dan kegiatan lapangan dilingkungan perumahan dan pedagang usaha mikro kecil dan menengah. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini mendapat respon positif pemerintah serta partisipasi aktif masyarakat yang tinggi, dan diharakpan selalu mematuhi protokol kesehatan 5M.
EMPOWERMENT OF FARMERS' GROUP IN WAMENA CITY THROUGH THE MAKING OF WELL-CONECTED IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Tuhuteru Sumiyati , Rumbiak Rein Edward Yohanes
Published: September 2021

A good irrigation system management is needed to meet the water needs of agricultural land through a system of providing and distributing water appropriately. The application of wells conducted on partner farmers' lands is intended to collect water from secondary channels to meet crop water needs during the dry season which will have an impact on planting intensity. The purpose of this activity is to create an alternative irrigation pattern through the manufacture of well-conducted irrigation technology that functions to store and distribute water, especially in the dry season. The method used in the implementation of this activity is the method of lecturing or socializing and making well-conducted. The result of this community service that the community in Walelagama District can implement an organic farming system following established rules by taking into account the need for plant water and can improve cropping patterns with good and correct organic farming methods that have an impact on the surrounding environment without depending on the rainy season.
Authors: Arif Syarifuddin Syarif
Published: September 2021

One of the three dharmas of higher education that must be routinely carried out by all educators/lecturers is to carry out community service on a regular and scheduled basis every year. One of the programs implementing the tri dharma is to carry out the socialization of the Home Visit program which involves integrated Islamic schools in the city of Bogor, West Java, as a form of strategic partnership between universities and other educational units in improving the quality of education. The implementation of the Home Visit program socialization is one of the communication steps between the school and the parents of students and the community. The existence of a home visit can help schools in solving various problems related to students at school. The participation of parents of students is very important for schools in order to overcome various problems that occur between schools and students. Therefore, home visits have a function in solving problems that occur in students. Then the problem is communicated to the parents of students at home. This communication will be very helpful in monitoring the progress of students towards their learning process both at home and at school. The results of this activity are encouraging the optimization of the implementation of the home visit program at TKIT At Taufiq, and increasing the benefits of home visit activities for students, schools, teachers and parents.
STRENGTHENING SME FOOD PRODUCTS THROUGH PRODUCT PACKAGING TRAINING
Authors: Mardalena Mardalena , Hidayat Ariodillah , Andaiyani Sri , Liliana Liliana , Wulandari Zulfa
Published: September 2021

The training includes introducing the concept of packaging, the benefits of packaging, packaging design, and making packaging product. Kemplang crackers, Rengginang, Chips, and Pempek are commodities produced by the SMEs assisted by the PPMK in Prabumulih City. However, the packaging is inadequate so that it is not feasible to be marketed to a wider market such as minimarkets, hotels, or other modern markets. The result of this training is that participants understand the importance of adequate packaging so the product has value-added and can increase product competitiveness. Participants become skilled in packaging after packaging practice. We recommend that the training program for packaging craft products be continued by providing packaging tools so that more groups of craftsmen can experience the benefits. The training participants are expected to be able to take an active role in improving the quality of the product and pass the knowledge they have gained to other craftsmen in their area.
Equivalent Geometric Imperfections for Local Buckling of Slender Box-section Columns
Authors: Radwan Mohammad , Kövesdi Balázs
Published: September 2021

Determining the plate or the local buckling resistance is highly important in designing steel buildings and bridges. The EN 1993-1-5Annex C provides a FEM-based design approach to calculate the buckling resistance based on numerical design calculations (geometrical and material nonlinear analysis - GMNIA). Within the GMNIA analysis-based stability design, the application of the imperfections has a special role. Thus, the applicability of the EN 1993-1-5 based buckling curve (Winter curve) has been questioned for pure compression, and previous investigations showed the buckling curve of EN 1993-1-5 Annex B is more appropriate for the design of slender box-section columns subjected to pure compression, the magnitude of the equivalent geometric imperfection to be applied in numerical models for local buckling is also questioned and investigated by the authors within the current paper. The aim of the current research program is to investigate the necessary equivalent geometric imperfections to be applied in FEM-based design calculations using GMNIA calculations. A numerical parametric study is executed to investigate the imperfection sensitivity of box-section columns having different local slenderness. The necessary imperfection magnitudes are determined to each analyzed geometry leading to the buckling resistance predicted by the standardized buckling curves. Based on the numerical parametric study, a proposal for the applicable equivalent geometric imperfection magnitude is developed, which conforms to the plate buckling curves of the EN 1993-1-5 and giving an improvement proposal to the local buckling imperfection magnitudes of the prEN 1993-1-14, which is currently under development.
АБЕРАЦІЯ ЕТНОПОЛІТИЧНИХ КООРДИНАТ У ЧАСИ ДРУГОЇ СВІТОВОЇ ВІЙНИ: ПРИКЛАД ДІТЕЙ ОКУПОВАНОГО ДНІПРОПЕТРОВСЬКА, 1941–1943 рр.
Authors: Rybalka Valentyn
Published: September 2021

У даному дослідженні розглядається колекція джерел з Державного архіву Дніпропетровської області з історії нацистської окупації на території регіону. Йдеться про твори учнів середніх шкіл на звільненій від окупантів території у перші післявоєнні роки. Джерела вперше вводяться до наукового обігу.
STUDENT-TEACHERS’ PEDAGOGICAL BELIEFS: LEARNER-CENTRED OR TEACHER-CENTRED WHEN USING ICT IN THE SCIENCE CLASSROOM?
Authors: du Plessis André
Published: September 2021

This exploratory qualitative case study explored the pedagogical beliefs and classroom practice of four Post Graduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) students when they implement Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for teaching and learning, including what influences their beliefs. Data were gathered by means of a teacher belief system (TBS) tool, drawing prompts that led to individual interviews, an open-ended questionnaire, lesson plans and assessment feedback forms, short summaries of how they used the ICT resources and feedback from the method lecturer and an appointed mentor teacher. The findings suggest that there appears to be a mismatch between the participants’ espoused beliefs and enacted beliefs when using ICT at this point in time. The participating student-teachers used ICT tools predominately in teacher-centred ways, yet they indicated that they held learner-centred beliefs. At the same time, this does not imply that there were no learner-centred activities during their lessons. The data seems to suggest that their exposure to teacher-centred pedagogy while being learners at school, as well as their tertiary experience could have played a role in how they taught Science. It is therefore important that lecturers model constructivist learner-centred pedagogy to students and provide opportunities for students to plan and model such practice. Key words: habitus, ICT beliefs, learner-centred pedagogy, student-teacher beliefs, teacher-centred pedagogy.
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG TURKISH PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ GENETICS LITERACY LEVELS AND THEIR ATTITUDES TOWARDS ISSUES IN GENETICS LITERACY
Authors: Cebesoy Ümran Betül , Öztekin Ceren
Published: September 2021

The importance of genetically literate individuals who can understand and join debates about genetics related issues, including gene therapy or cloning has been acknowledged by societies. With this respect, raising genetically literate individuals has become more prominent. Teachers’ knowledge in genetics literacy and their attitudes towards issues in genetics literacy influence their teaching practices. As a wide range of variables effect teachers’ genetics literacy levels and attitudes, this study examined how a set of variables including pre-service science teachers’ self-perceived interest, knowledge and importance of genetics, gender, academic achievement, socioeconomic status (household income, employment status and educational level of parents) are related to the their genetics literacy levels and attitudes towards various genetics literacy issues. Data was collected from 355 pre-service science teachers through administration of Genetics Literacy Assessment Inventory and Attitudes towards Issues in Genetics Literacy Scale. Canonical correlation analysis suggested that self-perceived interest and importance in genetics literacy issues, gender and parents’ educational levels were positively associated with participants’ genetics literacy levels, as well as attitudes towards the use of genetic information, gene therapy, and gene therapy applications. On the other hand, self-perceived knowledge, GPA, household income, employment status of parents were not found to be associated.
Key words: genetics literacy, pre-service science teachers, attitude, socio-demographic variables.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN TERAPI ANTIPSIKOTIK KOMBINASI TERHADAP TINGKAT DEPRESI PASIEN SKIZOFRENIA DI UPT PUSKESMAS TALUN KABUPATEN BLITAR
Authors: Susilowati Sri , Aditya Martanty , Yoedistira Chresiani Destianita
Published: September 2021

Skizofrenia merupakan penyakit psikiatrik kronis yang banyak menimbulkan masalah psikologis. Penatalaksanaannya dengan memberikan obat antipsikotik, diberikan dalam bentuk kombinasi. Penggunaan yang tidak tepat dapat menyebabkan terjadinya depresi dan kemungkinan mengalami efek samping terapi. Oleh karena itu perlu diukur efektifitas terapi yang diukur melalui tingkat depresi meliputi depresi ringan, sedang, berat, sangat berat.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini melibatkan 58 responden. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara retrospektif, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan wawancara terstruktur oleh peneliti dibantu oleh asisten peneliti dengan instrument kuesioner Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada penderita skizofrenia di UPT Puskesmas Talun Kabupaten Blitar pada bulan April-Juli 2020. Dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas pada kuesioner Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Pengaruh pemberian terapi antipsikotik kombinasi terhadap tingkat depresi dilakukan menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis, dan didapatkan bahwa probabilitas > alpha (5%), tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada pemberian antipsikotik kombinasi, dan dilaporkan pula efek samping berupa ekstrapiramidal ringan, ekstrapiramidal berat dan tremor. Pada kombinasi I dilaporkan terjadi efek samping ektrapiramidal ringan 1 pasien, berat 1 pasien, tremor 1 pasien. Pada kombinasi II dilaporkan terjadi efek samping ekstrapiramidal ringan 2 pasien dan pada kombinasi III dilaporkan tidak ada kejadian efek samping.
PERANCANGAN BUKU CERITA DIGITAL LEGENDA BATU MENANGIS DAN GAME INTERAKTIF BERBASIS ANDROID UNTUK PENANAMAN NILAI MORAL USIA 4-6 TAHUN
Authors: Handoko Nathania Maharani Lynn , Rahmadianto Sultan Arif , Sukmaraga Ayyub Anshari
Published: September 2021

Indonesia saat ini dihadapkan dengan penurunan moral budaya yang terjadi pada generasi muda khususnya tentang nilai moral menghormati dan berbakti kepada orang tua. Di masa lalu masyarakat Indonesia menggunakan sastra cerita rakyat dalam menanamkan nilai moral secara turun-temurun, tetapi dampak dari era globalisasi secara perlahan telah menggeser budaya yang sudah ada sebelumnya. Maka dari itu diperlukan sebuah media baru agar dapat kembali menanamkan nilai-nilai moral yang terkandung dalam cerita rakyat kepada generasi-generasi penerus bangsa. Cerita yang diangkat yaitu Legenda Batu Menangis yang berasal dari Kalimantan Barat. Dalam perancangan buku cerita digunakan media berupa aplikasi sebagai bentuk output perancangan. Metode perancangan yang digunakan yaitu metode Research & Development (R&D) yang dalam pengumpulan datanya mengunakan metode kualitatif. Perancangan aplikasi buku cerita digital menggunakan audio dalam pembacaan narasi dan dialog. Selain itu terdapat juga 3 jenis game interaktif  pada aplikasi. Kesimpulan dari perancangan yaitu mendapatkan hasil visual aplikasi pada buku cerita dan juga game yang menarik dan menyenangkan bagi anak-anak. Perancangan aplikasi juga didukung  oleh beberapa media pendukung seperti sticker, coloring book, tumbler, dan filter Instagram.
Repeated Atmospheric Pressure Alteration Effect on the Cochlea in Rats: Experimental Animal Study
Authors: Eroglu Sinan , Dizdar Handan Turan , Cevizci Rasit , Cengiz Abdurrahman Bugra , Ogreden Sahin , Bulut Erdogan , Ilgezdi Savas , Dilci Alper , Ustun Selin , Sirvanci Serap , Cilingir-Kaya Ozlem Tugce , Bayazit Dilara , Cakir Burak Omur , Oktay Mehmet Faruk , Bayazit Yildirim
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of repeated pressure alterations on cochlear structures in rats in an attempt to understand indirectly the inner ear status of flight crew who are repeatedly exposed to pressure alterations.METHODS: There were 12
adult Wistar albino rats equally divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (controls) and Group 2 (study group). The animals in Group 2 were exposed to repeated pressure changes in a pressure cabin which is regulated by manometers. The animals in Group 1 were placed in the cabin without being exposed
to pressure changes. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing was performed in all animals at the beginning and at the end of the study. After 12 wk the animals were sacrificed and their cochleas were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).RESULTS: In the study group,
hearing decreases at 2 kHz, 4 kHz, 6 dB at 8 kHz, and 32 kHz were encountered at the end of 3 mo. On SEM evaluation of the control group, the outer hair cells (OHC) and stereocilia were normal throughout the cochlea. In the study group, there were irregularities in lateral surface connections
and separations, collapse, and adhesions in the basal segment of the cochlea and partial loss of stereocilia throughout the cochlea.CONCLUSION: Repeated alterations in the atmospheric pressure can lead to damage in the inner ear with subtle or evident hearing loss. Frequent flyers
like air workers may be at risk of inner ear damage, which may be considered an occupational health problem.Eroglu S, Dizdar HT, Cevizci R, Cengiz AB, Ogreden S, Bulut E, Ilgezdi S, Dilci A, Ustun S, Sirvanci S, Cilingir-Kaya OT, Bayazit D, Caki BO, Oktay MF, Bayazit Y. Repeated
atmospheric pressure alteration effect on the cochlea in rats: experimental animal study. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(7):550555.
Operator's Reliability During Spacecraft Docking Training on Board Mir and ISS
Authors: Johannes Bernd , Bronnikov Sergey V. , Bubeev Juri A. , Kotrovskaya Tatyana I. , Shastlivtseva Daria V. , Piechowski Sarah , Hoermann Hans-Juergen , Jordan Jens
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: The experimental research PILOT on board the space stations aimed to assess cosmonauts expectable reliability in a mission relevant operation, the manual docking of Soyuz or Progress spacecrafts on the space stations Mir and International Space Station (ISS), respectively.METHOD:
Therefore, a simulation of the docking of two space apparatuses was used for training and research. The methodological approach is described, taking into consideration the level of performance and the individual effort spent, the psychophysiological costs. In three decades altogether 32 cosmonauts
took part.RESULTS: A significant increase of reliability was found from Mir (0.45 scores) to ISS missions (0.51). On ISS the reliability remained stable (0.50 0.1).DISCUSSION: Salnitskis model for the evaluation of operators reliability was further developed and tested,
which turned out to be sensitive as well as robust enough for a practical application in this critical operational task.Johannes B, Bronnikov SV, Bubeev JA, Kotrovskaya TI, Shastlivtseva DV, Piechowski S, Hoermann H-J, Jordan J. Operators reliability during spacecraft docking training
on board Mir and ISS. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(7):541549.
Medical Legal Implications When Providing Emergency Care on a Commercial Flight
Authors: de Caprariis Pascal J. , Di Maio Ann
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCTION: U.S. airlines often request a healthcare professional to volunteer to assist an ill passenger. Litigation from a Good Samaritans care of an in-flight medical emergency (IME) is considered improbable. The 1998 Aviation Medical Assistance Act (AMAA) encourages health
care professionals to volunteer with indemnity for standard and good medical care. It does not offer legal or financial assistance. Our review explored the legal support malpractice companies and U.S. airlines provide if litigation is initiated for IME care. Malpractice insurance policies
can differ on IME coverage. We found most private practice physicians policies include IME. Medical institutions may have policies restricting their physicians coverage to the institutions location. Those without malpractice coverage will need to retain and pay for a legal defense to demonstrate
no gross negligence and no willful misconduct. The physicians, airline crews, and on-ground IME documentation support should be retained by the Good Samaritan especially for a pediatric or adolescent ill passenger. U.S. airlines consider a Good Samaritan medical volunteer as a passenger and
do not extend legal assistance. This contrasts with some foreign airlines that do provide liability protection. Knowledge of the malpractice policy IME coverage is essential prior to traveling by air. After completing care for an ill passenger, physicians should generate their medical documentation
and request the IME documentation generated by the airline and on-ground medical expert. We also believe U.S. airlines should assume responsibility to provide legal assistance to a Good Samaritan physician in the event of IME litigation.de Caprariis PJ, Di Maio A. Medical legal implications
when providing emergency care on a commercial flight. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(7):588592.
Ocular Outcomes in Healthy Subjects Undergoing a Short-Term Head-Down Tilt Test
Authors: Özelbaykal Bahadir , Öğretmenoğlu Gökhan , Tunçez I. Hakki
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the effect of head-down tilt (HDT) on vascular autoregulation in different age groups and determine its effects on intraocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness (CCT).METHODS: Included were 43 eyes of 23 men. The optic
nerve head and parafoveal vascular densities were measured by optical coherence tomography angiography before and after 20 min 10 HDT. Also, the study comprised an examination of the IOP and CCT in a subset of 8 participants (14 eyes) in the sitting position and during 15 min of 10 HDT.RESULTS:
Grid-based inside disc all-vessel density (GBID) was statistically significantly lower after the HDT test in subjects under 30 yr (1.26). Whole image and peripapillary capillary vessel density (WICVD, PCVD), and whole image and peripapillary all-vessel density (WIAVD, PAVD) were significantly
higher after the HDT test in subjects ages 30-39 yr (1.34, 2.16, 1.05, 1.72, respectively). Inside disc capillary, all-vessel density (IDCVD, IDAVD) and GBID were significantly higher after HDT in subjects over 40 yr (2.48, 2.15, 1.52, respectively). In a subset of eight participants, IOP was
significantly higher (3.7 mmHg) and CCT was unchanged after 15 min of HDT.CONCLUSION: Our study showed that simulated microgravity induced optic nerve head vessel density at the inside disc area, especially in persons over 40 years. In addition, IOP was increased by HDT, although
no change in CCT was observed.Özelbaykal B, Öğretmenoğlu G, Tunçez I.H. Ocular outcomes in healthy subjects undergoing a short-term head-down tilt test. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(8):619-626.
Factors Contributing to Accidents During Aerobatic Flight Operations
Authors: Newman David G.
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCTION: Aerobatic flight operations involve a higher level of risk than standard flight operations. Aerobatics imposes considerable stresses on both the aircraft and the pilot. The purpose of this study was to analyze civilian aerobatic aircraft accidents in Australia,
with particular emphasis on the underlying accident causes and survival outcomes.METHODS: The accident and incident database of the Australian Transport Safety Bureau was searched for all events involving aerobatic flight for the period 19802010.RESULTS: A total of 51
accidents involving aircraft undertaking aerobatic operations were identified, with 71 aircraft occupants. Of the accidents, 27 (52.9) were fatal, resulting in a total of 36 fatalities. There were 24 nonfatal accidents. In terms of injury outcomes, there were 4 serious and 9 minor injuries,
and 22 accidents in which no injuries were recorded. Fatal accidents were mainly due to loss of control by the pilot (44.4), in-flight structural failure of the airframe (25.9), and terrain impact (25.9). G-LOC was considered a possible cause in 11.1 of fatal accidents. Nonfatal accidents
were mainly due to powerplant failure (41.7) and noncatastrophic airframe damage (25). Accidents involving aerobatic maneuvering have a significantly increased risk of a fatal outcome (odds ratio 26).DISCUSSION: The results of this study highlight the risks involved in aerobatic
flight. Exceeding the operational limits of the maneuver and the design limits of the aircraft are major factors contributing to a fatal aerobatic aircraft accident. Improved awareness of G physiology and better operational decision-making while undertaking aerobatic flight may help prevent
further accidents.Newman DG. Factors contributing to accidents during aerobatic flight operations. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(8):612618.
Adapting Disease Prevention Protocols for Human Spaceflight During COVID-19
Authors: Petersen Eric , Pattarini James M. , Mulcahy Robert A. , Beger Samuel B. , Mitchell Matthew R. , Hu Yiyuan David , Middleton Kathryn N. , Frazier Weston , Mormann Benjamin , Esparza Haley , Asadi Amran , Musk Elon R. , Alter Galit , Nilles Eric , Menon Anil S.
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Flight Crew Health Stabilization Program (HSP) was historically implemented to minimize infectious disease transmission to astronauts in the immediate prelaunch period. The first ever commercial application
and adaptation of the NASA HSP was implemented during the Crew Demo-2 mission in the time of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This article details and discusses the first commercial implementation and adaptation of the HSP prior to the Crew Demo-2 launch.METHODS:
This is a retrospective descriptive analysis of the application of NASA disease prevention protocols for human spaceflight during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the context of the pandemic, extra precautions added to the HSP included daily symptom surveys completed by Primary Contacts of the crew,
COVID-19 RT-PCR testing, and improved quarantine protocols.RESULTS: Of the 91 SpaceX Primary Contacts who completed a total of 2720 daily symptom surveys prior to launch, 22 individuals (24.2) and 198 surveys (7.3) returned positive for potential symptoms of COVID-19. Two individuals
were removed due to symptoms indistinguishable from COVID-19. Through this survey, systematic quarantine, and PCR testing, the Crew Demo-2 mission was successful with no known infectious diseases transmitted.CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the commercial implementation of the NASA Health
Stabilization Program by SpaceX with adjustments required during the COVID-19 pandemic was a success, with protocols allowing identification and removal of potentially infectious persons from the program. The principles of the HSP may provide an adequate infectious disease playbook for commercial
spaceflight operations going forward.Petersen E, Pattarini JM, Mulcahy RA, Beger SB, Mitchell MR, Hu YD, Middleton KN, Frazier W, Mormann B, Esparza H, Asadi A, Musk ER, Alter G, Nilles E, Menon AS. Adapting disease prevention protocols for human spaceflight during COVID-19.
Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(7):597602.
Paraglider Reserve Parachute Deployment Under Radial Acceleration
Authors: Wilkes Matt , Long Geoff , Charles Rebecca , Massey Heather , Eglin Clare , Tipton Michael J.
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCTION: The paragliding reserve parachute system is safety-critical but underused, unstandardized, and known to fail. This study aimed to characterize reserve parachute deployment under radial acceleration to make recommendations for system design and paraglider pilot training.METHODS:
There were 88 licensed amateur paraglider pilots who were filmed deploying their reserve parachutes from a centrifuge. Of those, 43 traveled forward at 4 G simulating a spiral dive, and 45 traveled backward at 3 G simulating a rotational maneuver known as SAT. Tests incorporated ecologically
valid body, hand, and gaze positions, and cognitive loading and switching akin to real deployment. The footage was reviewed by subject matter experts and compared to previous work in linear acceleration.RESULTS: Of the pilots, 2.3 failed to extract the reserve container from the
harness. SAT appeared more cognitively demanding than spiral, despite lower G. Participants located the reserve handle by touch not sight. The direction of travel influenced their initial contact with the harness: 82.9 searched first on their hip in spiral, 63.4 searched first on their thigh
in SAT. Search patterns followed skeletal landmarks. Participants had little directional control over their throw.CONCLUSIONS: Paraglider pilots are part of the reserve system. Maladaptive behaviors observed under stress highlighted that components must work in harmony with pilots
natural responses, with minimal cognitive demands or need for innovation or problem-solving. Recommendations include positioning prominent, tactile reserve handles overlying the pilots hip; deployment bags extractable with any angle of pull; deployment in a single sweeping backward action;
and significantly increasing reserve deployment drills.Wilkes M, Long G, Charles R, Massey H, Eglin C, Tipton MJ. Paraglider reserve parachute deployment under radial acceleration. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(7):579587.
IMPLEMENTATION OF CHARACTER EDUCATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Authors: Daga Agustinus Tanggu
Published: September 2021

Educational activities during the Covid-19 pandemic have undergone many changes, including character education for elementary school students in Indonesia. These changes affect the design of the assessment of character education. The problem in this research is how to implement character education during the Covid-19 pandemic in elementary schools. This research aims to describe the implementation of character education in elementary schools during the Covid-19 pandemic. The data collection technique is a documentation study. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data display, conclusion drawing. The results of this research include the implementation of character education, character values, character education strategies, evaluation of character education, the role of teachers and parents. This research concludes that character education is needed by students and is carried out by teachers. Teachers carry out character assessments and are adapted to the conditions of covid-19 and the real situation of students. The dominant character values implemented are religious values, and values relevant to the Covid-19 condition such as health, caring, tolerance, responsibility, etc. The online learning media used are WhatsApp, activity videos, video calls, zoom, google form. Teachers and parents share roles and work together in carrying out the learning process and character education at home.
Anton Nikitich Yasinsky and the formation of the Belarusian Medieval studies in the 1920s
Authors: Maliugin Oleg I.
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the scientific and pedagogical activities of the famous Slavist A. N. Yasinsky in the last – Moscow-Minsk – period of his life based on the materials of the Belarusian archives. Revolutionary events of 1917–1921 forced him, like many other representatives of the capital’s intelligentsia, to look for work in new provincial universities. Since 1922 he has been teaching at the Belarusian State University, becoming one of the founders of Belarusian Medieval and Slavic studies. In 1928 he was elected an academician of the newly created Belarusian Academy of Sciences, where he continued his studies of both the Czech Middle Ages and the history of Belarus in the Middle Ages. However, external circumstances did not allow A. N. Yasinsky to create his own scientific school in Belarus, and his research of the 1920’s remained little known to specialists.
Solution of one hypersingular integro-differential equation defined by determinants
Authors: Shilin Andrei P.
Published: September 2021

The paper provides an exact analytical solution to a hypersingular inregro-differential equation of arbitrary order. The equation is defined on a closed curve in the complex plane. A characteristic feature of the equation is that if is written using determinants. From the view of the traditional classification of the equations, it should be classified as linear equations with vatiable coefficients of a special form. The method of analytical continuation id applied. The equation is reduced to a boundary value problem of linear conjugation for analytic functions with some additional conditions. If this problem is solvable, if is required to solve two more linear differential equations in the class of analytic functions. The conditions of solvability are indicated explicitly. When these conditions are met, the solution can also be written explicitly. An example is given.
Packing dimensions of basins generated by distributions on a finite alphabet
Authors: Bakhtin Victor I. , Sadok Bruno
Published: September 2021

We consider a space of infinite signals composed of letters from a finite alphabet. Each signal generates a sequence of empirical measures on the alphabet and the limit set corresponding to this sequence. The space of signals is partitioned into narrow basins consisting of signals with identical limit sets for the sequence of empirical measures and for each narrow basin its packing dimension is computed. Furthermore, we compute packing dimensions for two other types of basins defined in terms of limit behaviour of the empirical measures.
Statistical sequential hypotheses testing on para meters of probability distributions of random binary data
Authors: Kharin Alexey Yu.
Published: September 2021

An important mathematical problem of computer data analysis – the problem of statistical sequential testing of simple hypotheses on parameters of probability distributions of observed binary data – is considered in the paper. This problem is being solved for two models of observation: for independent observations and for homogeneous Markov chains. Explicit expressions of the sequential tests statistics are derived, transparent for interpretation and convenient for computer realisation. An approach is developed to calculate the performance characteristics – error probabilities and mathematical expectations of the random number of observations required to guarantee the requested accuracy for decision rules. Asymptotic expansions for the mentioned performance characteristics are constructed under «contamination» of the probability distributions of observed data.
Pengaruh Pelatihan terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan Kader Posyandu tentang Deteksi Dini TBC Anak di Kelurahan Tanjung Mas Semarang
Authors: Rimawati Eti , Handayani Sri , Yuantari Catur
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Symptoms of tuberculosis in children that are not specific require early detection efforts. One of the efforts to carry out early detection is to monitor children's growth and development in posyandu activities. Posyandu cadres have an important role in this. The purpose of this training activity is to increase the knowledge of posyandu cadres in early detection of tuberculosis in children. Method: The target of the training was 21 posyandu cadres who were selected by purposive sampling. Training activities as a form of community service are carried out with the stages of giving a pretest, presentation of material and case and posttest questions. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test analysis is used to determine differences in knowledge before and after training.Result Recommendation: All cadres were female, with the lowest education was junior high school (9.8%), the youngest was 38 years old and the oldest was 65 years old. The results of the difference test showed that there was a difference between before and after training (p value 0.0006), indicating that the training method was effective in increasing the knowledge of the cadres
NOBIAS: Analyzing Anomalous Diffusion in Single-Molecule Tracks With Nonparametric Bayesian Inference
Authors: Chen Ziyuan , Geffroy Laurent , Biteen Julie S.
Published: September 2021

Single particle tracking (SPT) enables the investigation of biomolecular dynamics at a high temporal and spatial resolution in living cells, and the analysis of these SPT datasets can reveal biochemical interactions and mechanisms. Still, how to make the best use of these tracking data for a broad set of experimental conditions remains an analysis challenge in the field. Here, we develop a new SPT analysis framework: NOBIAS (NOnparametric Bayesian Inference for Anomalous Diffusion in Single-Molecule Tracking), which applies nonparametric Bayesian statistics and deep learning approaches to thoroughly analyze SPT datasets. In particular, NOBIAS handles complicated live-cell SPT data for which: the number of diffusive states is unknown, mixtures of different diffusive populations may exist within single trajectories, symmetry cannot be assumed between the x and y directions, and anomalous diffusion is possible. NOBIAS provides the number of diffusive states without manual supervision, it quantifies the dynamics and relative populations of each diffusive state, it provides the transition probabilities between states, and it assesses the anomalous diffusion behavior for each state. We validate the performance of NOBIAS with simulated datasets and apply it to the diffusion of single outer-membrane proteins in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Furthermore, we compare NOBIAS with other SPT analysis methods and find that, in addition to these advantages, NOBIAS is robust and has high computational efficiency and is particularly advantageous due to its ability to treat experimental trajectories with asymmetry and anomalous diffusion.
Accounting for Biomechanical Measures from Musculoskeletal Simulation of Upright Posture Does Not Enhance the Prediction of Curve Progression in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Bassani Tito , Cina Andrea , Ignasiak Dominika , Barba Noemi , Galbusera Fabio
Published: September 2021

A major clinical challenge in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the difficulty of predicting curve progression at initial presentation. The early detection of progressive curves can offer the opportunity to better target effective non-operative treatments, reducing the need for surgery and the risks of related complications. Predictive models for the detection of scoliosis progression in subjects before growth spurt have been developed. These models accounted for geometrical parameters of the global spine and local descriptors of the scoliotic curve, but neglected contributions from biomechanical measurements such as trunk muscle activation and intervertebral loading, which could provide advantageous information. The present study exploits a musculoskeletal model of the thoracolumbar spine, developed in AnyBody software and adapted and validated for the subject-specific characterization of mild scoliosis. A dataset of 100 AIS subjects with mild scoliosis and in pre-pubertal age at first examination, and recognized as stable (60) or progressive (40) after at least 6-months follow-up period was exploited. Anthropometrical data and geometrical parameters of the spine at first examination, as well as biomechanical parameters from musculoskeletal simulation replicating relaxed upright posture were accounted for as predictors of the scoliosis progression. Predicted height and weight were used for model scaling because not available in the original dataset. Robust procedure for obtaining such parameters from radiographic images was developed by exploiting a comparable dataset with real values. Six predictive modelling approaches based on different algorithms for the binary classification of stable and progressive cases were compared. The best fitting approaches were exploited to evaluate the effect of accounting for the biomechanical parameters on the prediction of scoliosis progression. The performance of two sets of predictors was compared: accounting for anthropometrical and geometrical parameters only; considering in addition the biomechanical ones. Median accuracy of the best fitting algorithms ranged from 0.76 to 0.78. No differences were found in the classification performance by including or neglecting the biomechanical parameters. Median sensitivity was 0.75, and that of specificity ranged from 0.75 to 0.83. In conclusion, accounting for biomechanical measures did not enhance the prediction of curve progression, thus not supporting a potential clinical application at this stage.
Effect of Oxygen Contamination on Propionate and Caproate Formation in Anaerobic Fermentation
Authors: Baleeiro Flávio C. F. , Ardila Magda S. , Kleinsteuber Sabine , Sträuber Heike
Published: September 2021

Mixed microbial cultures have become a preferred choice of biocatalyst for chain elongation systems due to their ability to convert complex substrates into medium-chain carboxylates. However, the complexity of the effects of process parameters on the microbial metabolic networks is a drawback that makes the task of optimizing product selectivity challenging. Here, we studied the effects of small air contaminations on the microbial community dynamics and the product formation in anaerobic bioreactors fed with lactate, acetate and H2/CO2. Two stirred tank reactors and two bubble column reactors were operated with H2/CO2 gas recirculation for 139 and 116 days, respectively, at pH 6.0 and 32°C with a hydraulic retention time of 14 days. One reactor of each type had periods with air contamination (between 97 ± 28 and 474 ± 33 mL O2 L−1 d−1, lasting from 4 to 32 days), while the control reactors were kept anoxic. During air contamination, production of n-caproate and CH4 was strongly inhibited, whereas no clear effect on n-butyrate production was observed. In a period with detectable O2 concentrations that went up to 18%, facultative anaerobes of the genus Rummeliibacillus became predominant and only n-butyrate was produced. However, at low air contamination rates and with O2 below the detection level, Coriobacteriia and Actinobacteria gained a competitive advantage over Clostridia and Methanobacteria, and propionate production rates increased to 0.8–1.8 mmol L−1 d−1 depending on the reactor (control reactors 0.1–0.8 mmol L−1 d−1). Moreover, i-butyrate production was observed, but only when Methanobacteria abundances were low and, consequently, H2 availability was high. After air contamination stopped completely, production of n-caproate and CH4 recovered, with n-caproate production rates of 1.4–1.8 mmol L−1 d−1 (control 0.7–2.1 mmol L−1 d−1). The results underline the importance of keeping strictly anaerobic conditions in fermenters when consistent n-caproate production is the goal. Beyond that, micro-aeration should be further tested as a controllable process parameter to shape the reactor microbiome. When odd-chain carboxylates are desired, further studies can develop strategies for their targeted production by applying micro-aerobic conditions.