bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Pre‐Hospital Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta in Non‐Traumatic Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Brede Jostein Rødseth , Lafrenz Thomas , Klepstad Pål , Skjærseth Eivinn Aardal , Nordseth Trond , Søvik Edmund , Krüger Andreas J.
Published: November 2019

Background

Few patients survive after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest and any measure that improve circulation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation is beneficial. Animal studies support that resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (
REBOA
) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation might benefit patients suffering from out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest, but human data are scarce.

Methods and Results

We performed an observational study at the helicopter emergency medical service in Trondheim (Norway) to assess the feasibility and safety of establishing
REBOA
in patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest. All patients received advanced cardiac life support during the procedure. End‐tidal
CO
2
was measured before and after
REBOA
placement as a proxy measure of central circulation. A safety‐monitoring program assessed if the procedure interfered with the quality of advanced cardiac life support.
REBOA
was initiated in 10 patients. The mean age was 63 years (range 50–74 years) and 7 patients were men. The
REBOA
procedure was successful in all cases, with 80% success rate on first cannulation attempt. Mean procedural time was 11.7 minutes (
SD
3.2, range 8–16). Mean end‐tidal
CO
2
increased by 1.75 kPa after 60 seconds compared with baseline (
P
<0.001). Six patients achieved return of spontaneous circulation (60%), 3 patients were admitted to hospital, and 1 patient survived past 30 days. The safety‐monitoring program identified no negative influence on the advanced cardiac life support quality.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that
REBOA
is feasible during non‐traumatic out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest. The
REBOA
procedure did not interfere with the quality of the advanced cardiac life support. The significant increase in end‐tidal
CO
2
after occlusion suggests improved organ circulation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
03534011.
Teopical Bryology
Authors: BUCHBENDER V. , LEÓN-VARGAS Y. , O´SHEA B. J. , TAN B. C.
Published: November 2019

General Information. Manuscripts covering all aspects of bryological research in the tropics can be submitted for publication in Tropical Bryology. The preferred manuscript language is English. Alternatively manuscripts can be submitted in French, Spanish, or Portuguese, in this case however, an extensive English summary is required with English tables, figures and legends. Authors writing in English as their non-native language should consult a native speaker for help.
Studies on several Pottiaceous mosses from Australia, including a few nomina nuda
Authors: Sollman Philip
Published: November 2019

Tortula flavinervis Dixon var. obscura Dixon is Barbula crinita Schultz. Comments on Australian material of Tortula phaea (Hook. f. & Wilson) Dixon from hb. Hampe is given. Weissia leratii (Broth. & Paris) P. Sollm. comb. nov. is reported new for Australia. A scheme is given to separate more difficult collections of Weissia leratii from Trichostomum brachydontium Bruch.
Morphology and ecology of a new sexually dimorphic species of Polydora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) associated with hermit crabs from Jamaica, West Indies

Authors: ORENSKY LARA D. , WILLIAMS JASON D.
Published: November 2019

A new commensal species of Polydora was found associated with hermit crabs from shallow subtidal coral reefs in Jamaica, West Indies, in 2005 and 2006. Polydora nanomon sp. nov. is the third known obligate commensal polydorid of hermit crabs. The species is found in approximately 20% of the gastropod shells, most commonly Leucozonia nassa leucozonalis (Lamarck, 1822), inhabited by Calcinus tibicen (Herbst, 1791) and other hermit crab hosts. P. nanomon sp. nov. produces a hole in the apex of the shell, enters the lumen of the uppermost whorl, and connects to the columella with a tube of mucus and detritus. One large female (up to 70 setigers) is found in the apex with up to four smaller males (generally <30 setigers). Females are distinguished from other species of Polydora by the morphology of the major spines of setiger 5. In addition to a horizontal row of major spines with two lateral teeth, companion setae, and ventral capillaries, setiger 5 contains a group of superior accessory spines, including one large falcate spine with a channel extending down the shaft, one spine with a low rounded tooth, and one companion seta. P. nanomon sp. nov. exhibits sexual dimorphism with the males being much smaller than females, having a reduced first segment, and lacking accessory spines on setiger 4 (= setiger 5 on females). The occurrence of sexual dimorphism within the family Spionidae is reviewed.
Evidence of a dorsal pharynx in the marine polychaete Capitella teleta (Polychaeta: Capitellidae)

Authors: BOYLE MICHAEL J. , SEAVER ELAINE C.
Published: November 2019

Observations from compound, confocal, and scanning electron microscopy reveal that the buccal organ in Capitella teleta Blake, Grassle & Eckelbarger, 2009 should be classified as a dorsal pharynx. This buccal organ is an eversible proboscis that has the following characters: (1) dorsal ciliated pad, (2) well-developed pharyngeal retractor muscles, (3) pharyngeal gland-like structures, (4) cuticular fold surrounding the dorsal ciliated pad, and (5) unciliated buccal cavity and anterior ventral epithelium. All of these features are characteristic of dorsal pharyngeal organs present in oligochaetes and one terrestrial polychaete. Our observations in C. teleta confirm the presence of a dorsal pharynx in larvae, juveniles, and adults. C. teleta is a subsurface deposit feeder and a dorsal pharynx may have evolved independently in Capitellidae through selection of feeding mode in benthic marine habitats. Our results represent the first detailed description of a dorsal pharynx in a marine polychaete.
On the morphology of elytra as luminescent organs in scale-worms (Polychaeta, Polynoidae)

Authors: PLYUSCHEVA MARIA , MARTIN DANIEL
Published: November 2019

Polynoid polychaetes are common marine invertebrates worldwide that are characterized by bearing series of paired elytra attached to dorsal prominences (the elytrophores) arising from the notopodia, and whose dorsal surface is usually ornamented with different papillae (usually thought to be sensory organs). Upon stimulation, some species of the sub-family Polynoinae are able to emit light flashes from the ventral epithelium of the elytra. This bioluminescence originates in a protein called polynoidin, and seems to be induced by the destruction of the electrochemical coupling between body and elytra when the latter are detached. However, the elytral structure, as well as the function of the papillae and tubercles in relation to the bioluminescence is poorly known. In this paper, we report on the elytral morphology of two “luminescent” and two “non-luminescent” (Nicol 1953) species from the White and Mediterranean Seas. In both polynoid types, the elytral tubercles are formed by a layer of hard, non-organized, autofluorescent tissue, apparently filled by expansions protruding from cells forming a distinct subjacent layer. Our study allowed us to suggest that the luminescent protein is located in the cells of the basal layer, while the tubercles may act as lenses helping in the light flash transfer towards the exterior. The reasons why the studied species are or are not bioluminescent are discussed.
Diversity and ecology of Pilargidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Gulf of Carpentaria and Arafura Sea, northern Australia

Authors: HOCKNULL SHONA A. , GLASBY CHRISTOPHER J.
Published: November 2019

This study identifies to species or species units 572 lots (>1000 specimens) of pilargids from six localities in the Arafura Sea and Gulf of Carpentaria (including the ports at Gove and McArthur River). We analyze the taxonomic data against geomorphic unit, depth, and sediment type. Preliminary results show that pilargid fauna of northern Australia comprises 13 species in seven genera (Ancistrosyllis, Cabira, Litocorsa, Loandalia, Pilargis, Sigambra, and Synelmis). Although all four localities have a similar diversity of species (six or seven species each), the species composition differs between each region: Litocorsa annamita and Synelmis rigida were found in all sediment types in the Arafura Sea and Gulf of Carpentaria; Ancistrosyllis cf. hartmanae (mud and sand dominated sediments only) and Sigambra pettiboneae (all sediment types) were restricted to the inshore localities of Gove and McArthur River; Loandalia gladstonensis and Sigambra sp. 2 were found on the shelf and in the inshore habitats of the Gulf of Carpentaria only; Litocorsa sp. ‘arafura’, Sigambra sp. ‘arafura’ and Synelmis gibbsi were found only in the Arafura Sea, with sediments dominated by sand and gravel; and Cabira sp. 1 and Sigambra cf. tentaculata were found at all locations, in all sediment types. Based on these distribution patterns and the Recent Quaternary geological history of the area, hypotheses of post-glacial colonization of the Gulf of Carpentaria are presented. The pilargid species composition in northern Australia is also compared to neighboring Indo-west Pacific regions.
The Late Jurassic fossil from Asian ancestory to a recent genus, Nothotrichocera Alexander 1926 (Diptera: Trichoceridae)

Authors: KRZEMINSKA EWA , LUKASHEVICH ELENA
Published: November 2019

A new trichoceriid species of a fossil genus Zherikhinina Krzeminska, Krzeminski & Dahl 2009 is described from Shar Teg, a well known Upper Jurassic locality in Mongolia. Its plausible ancestry to a Recent genus Nothotrichocera Alexander 1926 supports the Laurasian origin of this latter genus, now of strictly circum-Antarctic distribution.
Oribatid mites of China: a review of progress, with a checklist
Authors: CHEN JUN , LIU DONG , WANG HUI-FU
Published: November 2019

The present paper gives a review of the taxonomic study on the suborder Oribatida (the cohort Astigmata excepted) in China including Hong Kong and Taiwan, with a checklist of 599 species and subspecies in 275 genera, representing 97 families. One junior synonymes is proposed, i.e., Peloribates praeoccupatus Subías, 2004 is regarded as a junior synonym of Peloribates tsengi Wen, Wang & Chen, 2003. The taxonomic study of oribatid mites in China was started by A. P. Jacot in 1922, and was very productive during the period from 1980 to the end of last century with the efforts of several Chinese and foreign oribatologists. In addition to taxonomic research, publications on biodiversity, seasonal dynamics, biological monitoring for soil pollution, and esterase isoenzyme patterns of oribatid mites have been published by Chinese scholars.
English-Chinese names of Chinese journals/books
Authors: FAN Q.-H. , ZHANG ZHI-QIANG , HONG X.-Y. , XUE X.-F. , Chen J. , LIN J.-Z. , XIA B. , GAO J.-R. , YI T.-C. , JIN D.-C.
Published: November 2019

English-Chinese names of Chinese journals/books
European phylogeography of Rhyacophila tristis Pictet (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae): preliminary results

Authors: BÁLINT MIKLÓS , UJVÁROSI LUJZA , DÉNES A. LEHEL , POPESCU OCTAVIAN
Published: November 2019

We present preliminary results of a phylogeographic analysis of Rhyacophila tristis, a wide-spread European caddisfly. Mitochondrial sequence data (the second part of the mtCOI gene) of 52 of specimens were used to investigate large-scale population genetic patterns of Central European populations of the study species. The results show strong genetic differences between a western and an eastern lineage. The deep split most probably indicates that the identified lineages of R. tristis survived in independent Pleistocene refugia in the Alps and in the Carpathians, emphasizing the importance of these areas in the Pleistocene survival of aquatic mountain organisms
A survey of Trichoptera from the Tributaries of the Doring and mainstream Olifants Rivers, Cedarberg, South Africa with implications for conservation

Authors: DE MOOR FERDINAND C.
Published: November 2019

The tributaries of the Olifants River draining the Cedarberg Mountains in the Western Cape are well known for their diverse fauna of endemic freshwater fish. Aquatic ecosystems in the region have also been identified as being particularly important in terms of ecosystem conservation. Recent surveys of aquatic macroinvertebrates have indicated that the region is rich in Trichoptera, with a number of regional endemic species, some of which are not recognizable as known described species. The distribution of certain species appears to be confined to either the arid east-flowing tributaries of the Doring River or else the wetter west-flowing tributaries of the mainstream Olifants River.
Life history and larval density of Cheumatopsyche digitata Mosely (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in Opa Reservoir spillway, Ile-Ife, southwestern Nigeria

Authors: OGBOGU SYLVESTER , ADU WILLIAMS
Published: November 2019

The life history and density of Cheumatopsyche digitata Mosely (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) were examined below Opa Reservoir in Ile-Ife, southwestern Nigeria. This caddisfly is the only species that occurs immediately below the impoundment auxiliary spillway where it closely associates with an aquatic bryophyte, Fontinalis sp. We collected larvae every month between July 2004 and June 2005 as long as larvae were available in the study site. The instar growth ratio was fairly constant and ranged from 1.198 to 1.402 (mean ± standard error = 1.285 ± 0.073) but mean head capsule width increased with larval development. The frequency distribution of head capsule width of larvae clustered into 5 size classes, suggesting 5 larval instars for C. digitata in the study site. Density of larvae ranged from 1,100 to 11,150 inds.m-2 (mean ± SE = 6739  inds.m-2 ± 3904.70), the highest densities occurring in October 2004 during the bloom of Fontinalis. The first larval instar appeared in July 2004. Adult emergence occurred mainly in December 2004 through January 2005 at the onset of reservoir draw-down and death of Fontinalis. These patterns indicate that C. digitata tended to show a univoltine life cycle in the study site.
The Trichoptera fauna of the Oja River (La Rioja, Spain)
Authors: VALLADOLID MARÍA , MARTÍNEZ-BASTIDA JUAN JOSÉ , ARAUZO MERCEDES
Published: November 2019

The Oja River (La Rioja, Spain), belonging to the Ebro River Basin (NE Spain), encloses 3 different fluvial types (Mediterranean siliceous mountain, Mediterranean calcareous mountain and Humid calcareous mountain rivers) that give rise to a great diversity in the fauna of aquatic macroinvertebrates.      During the years 2003−2009 benthic macroinvertebrates (aquatic stages and adults) were sampled in 7 sites along the river (3 in siliceous stretches, 1 in humid calcareous stretch and 3 in calcareous stretches) in different seasons.      We have found 54 Trichoptera taxa, belonging to 31 genera and 16 families. Hydropsychidae (10 species), Limnephilidae (7 species) and Rhyacophilidae (7 species) were the dominant families. Most of the species have wide European distribution (50%), with the Iberian endemic species (22%) and Central and Western European species (18%) being the 2nd and 3rd groups in importance.      The presence of some relict species in headwaters [Thremma gallicum McLachlan, Larcasia partita Navas and Odontocerum albicorne (Scopoli)] support the inclusion of this geographical area (Sierra de la Demanda, Iberian System Mountains) in the list of European pre-Pleistocene refuges for the Trichoptera fauna.
Zoosymposia 6 Preface
Authors: DE MORAES GILBERTO J. , PROCTOR HEATHER
Published: November 2019

Zoosymposia 6 Preface
Incidence and seasonal occurrence ofmites (Acari) on coconut inWestBengal, India*

Authors: BANERJEE DEBJANI , GUPTA SALIL K.
Published: November 2019

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is an important crop in West Bengal, India. The coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Eriophyidae), is becoming a serious threat to its cultivation in that state. This mite lives underneath the perianth, attacking the epidermis and causing damage that leads to considerable yield reduction. The same habitat was found to be shared by several other mites during a one year study in a coconut orchard in South 24 Parganas District ofWest Bengal, in 2007–2008. In total, 11 species of nine families were found in this study, including mites of different feeding habits, but mainly predatory and phytophagous mites. Neoseiulus paspalivorus (De Leon) was the predominant predator, while A. guerreronis was the predominant phytophagous species. Both were found throughout the year. The highest abundance of those species occurred in April and June, respectively. The association of N. paspalivorus and A. guerreronis has been observed in different countries and in other parts of India.
Exploring the host range of the red palm mite (Raoiella indica) in Kerala, India*

Authors: TAYLOR BRYONY , RAHMAN MUJEEB , MURPHY SEAN T. , SUDHEENDRAKUMAR VALLIKKAT V.
Published: November 2019

Current published records indicate that the red palm mite (RPM), Raoiella indica Hirst, has a much broader host range in the New World than in the Old World. Therefore, a series of studies were carried out in Kerala, India in 2009 and 2010 to elucidate the presence or absence of R. indica colonies on hosts in addition to coconut Cocos nucifera L., and betel-nut palm, Areca catechu L., the only previously reported host plants in India. We evaluated the following: RPM numbers on coconut and Musa spp. grown in Kerala; the presence of RPM on coconut and bananas grown as a mixed crop; and the possible presence of RPM on palms and other selected plant species mostly grown as ornamentals or reported to be hosts of the RPM in the NewWorld. Results showed that RPM was found in extremely low numbers on Musa spp., never clearly colonizing those plants. The pygmy date palm, Phoenix roebelenii O´Brien, was found to be an additional breeding host in Kerala, as multi-generational colonies were found on a plant of this species. Possible reasons for observed differences in RPM host ranges between the Old World and the New World are discussed.
Technical and economic evaluation of different types of control of Brevipalpus phoenicis (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) in citrus leprosies management*

Authors: DEANDRADE DANIEL JÚNIOR , DE OLIVEIRA CARLOSA L. , PATTARO FERNANDO C.
Published: November 2019

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of acaricide applications and pruning of symptomatic branches in citrus leprosis management in Brazil. It was conducted in an orange plantation of the ‘Pera’ variety, grafted onto the ‘Cleopatra’ tangerine, in two seasons (2006–2007 and 2007–2008). The experimental design was randomized blocks in a factorial scheme consisting of the following factors: (A) acaricide, in three levels: spirodiclofen and cyhexatin applied in rotation, lime sulphur; no acaricides; (B) pruning to remove branches that showed symptoms of leprosis, with two levels: with pruning, without pruning. We carried out periodic assessments of Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) populations (vector of the leprosis virus), leprosis incidence and severity, fruit yield, and the economic feasibility of the applied strategies. Based on the results, we concluded that spirodiclofen and cyhexatin were more effective than lime sulphur in B. phoenicis control. Control with lime sulphur required more applications than spirodiclofen and cyhexatin in rotation, making it more expensive. Pruning of symptomatic branches used in isolation was not sufficiently effective to control leprosis and significantly increased control costs. Profits were higher when the control involved sprayings of spirodiclofen and cyhexatin in alternation, with or without pruning.
An overview of Brevipalpus mites (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) and the plant viruses they transmit*

Authors: CHILDERS CARL C. , RODRIGUES JOSÉ C.V.
Published: November 2019

The significance of the family Tenuipalpidae has risen from near obscurity to that of considerable economic importance over the last five decades. One or more species within the genera Brevipalpus, Cenopalpus, Dolichotetranychus, Raoiella, and Tenuipalpus are recognized as serious economic plant pests. However, only three species within the genus Brevipalpus are known to vector one or more cytoplasmic or nuclear type plant viruses, including citrus leprosis, coffee ringspot, green spot on passion fruit, and orchid fleck viruses. Related viruses have been identified in numerous ornamental plants that are vectored by B. phoenicis and B. obovatus. Affected plant species, their current distributions and known mite vectors are summarized in this paper. The life cycle and developmental times for the three Brevipalpus species are reviewed. Cryptic species within B. phoenicis have been identified on Hibiscus in Florida and Citrus sinensis in Honduras within recent years. This dictates the need for more intensive research to identify the extent of this species complex throughout the western hemisphere. More stringent guidelines are needed for the inspection and movement of live plant materials that are host plants for Brevipalpus mites from one country to another.
Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Symbiotic Copepoda
Authors: TANG DANNY , PASSARELLI JULIANNE KALMAN
Published: November 2019

Cover
First record of Larsonella pumilus (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Japan, with phylogenetic placement of the genus Larsonella
Authors: HANAHARA NOZOMI , HIGASHIJI TAKUO , SHINZATO CHUYA , KOYANAGI RYO , MAEDA KEN
Published: November 2019

During a survey of deep-sea fauna, using a Remotely Operated Vehicle, a single specimen (21.6 mm in standard length) of Larsonella pumilus (Larson & Hoese, 1980) was collected at a depth of 214 m off the coast of Okinawa Island, Japan. It represents the first record of this species from Japan. The collection site was far deeper than previous reports for this species. This suggests that the main habitat of L. pumilus is deeper than previously recognized and it may explain the paucity of records of this species. As the previously available morphological description of L. pumilus was based on only a single specimen (holotype), this new specimen is described herein. Its morphology corresponds closely to the original description of the holotype, except that faint melanophores are arranged radially around the eyes and scattered on the trunk and the fins. Mitochondrial genome sequences of L. pumilus and 19 related species demonstrate close relationships between L. pumilus and the genus Priolepis. These data also indicate that the genus Priolepis is not monophyletic.
Report of epibiont ciliates (Cilliophora: Suctorea) on pelagic ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from the Arabian Sea
Authors: CHATTERJEE TAPAS , DOVGAL IGOR , NANAJKAR MANDAR , FERNANDES VERONICA
Published: November 2019

The article deals with the report of 5 suctorians viz. Lecanophryella satyanandani (Santhakumari, 1986), Paracineta karunakarani Santhakumari, 1986, Ephelota gemmipara (Hertwig, 1876), Acineta foetida Maupas, 1881 and Pelagacineta sp. on marine pelagic ostracods Cypridina dentata (Müller, 1906) from new localities of the Arabian Sea. Diagnostic characters of Paracineta karunakarani are emended. Ephelota gemmipara (Hertwig, 1876) and Acineta foetida Maupas, 1881 are reported here for the first time on planktonic marine ostracods. Pelagacineta sp. is reported for the first time as epibiont on ostracods and from the Indian Ocean.
A new species of Parabolitobius Li, Zhao & Sakai, 2000 from central China (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Tachyporinae)
Authors: YIN ZI-WEI , LI LI-ZHEN
Published: November 2019

Parabolitobius sinensis a new species of the tachyporine genus Parabolitobius Li, Zhao & Sakai, 2000 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from the mountainous area of central China, is described and illustrated. It is compared to P. prolongatus (Sharp, 1888) and P. yezoensis Li, Zhao & Sakai, 2000, the only two other species occurring in the eastern Palaearctic region. The new species differs mainly in the smaller body size, the strongly reduced hindwings in both sexes, the forms of the elytra, tergite VII, and male tergite and sternite VIII, and the unique configuration of the aedeagus.
Possible Increased Frequency of ENSO-Related Dry and Wet Conditions over Some Major Watersheds in a Warming Climate
Authors: Sun Qiaohong , Miao Chiyuan , AghaKouchak Amir , Mallakpour Iman , Ji Duoying , Duan Qingyun
Published: November 2019

Predicting the changes in teleconnection patterns and related hydroclimate extremes can provide vital information necessary to adapt to the effects of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This study uses the outputs of global climate models to assess the changes in ENSO-related dry/wet patterns and the frequency of severe dry/wet events. The results show anomalous precipitation responding asymmetrically to La Niña and El Niño, indicating the teleconnections may not simply be strengthened. A “dry to drier, wet to wetter” annual anomalous precipitation pattern was projected during La Niña phases in some regions, with drier conditions over southern North America, southern South America, and southern central Asia, and wetter conditions in Southeast Asia and Australia. These results are robust, with agreement from the 26 models and from a subset of 8 models selected for their good performance in capturing observed patterns. However, we did not observe a similar strengthening of anomalous precipitation during future El Niño phases, for which the uncertainties in the projected influences are large. Under the RCP4.5 emissions scenario, 45 river basins under El Niño conditions and 39 river basins under La Niña conditions were predicted to experience an increase in the frequency of severe dry events; similarly, 59 river basins under El Niño conditions and 61 river basins under La Niña conditions were predicted to have an increase in the frequency of severe wet events, suggesting a likely increase in the risk of floods. Our results highlight the implications of changes in ENSO patterns for natural hazards, disaster management, and engineering infrastructure.
Beyond Turnover Time: Constraining the Lifetime Distribution of Water Vapor from Simple and Complex Approaches
Authors: Sodemann Harald
Published: November 2019

The time water vapor spends in the atmosphere from evaporation to precipitation, termed here the water vapor lifetime, is of fundamental relevance for characterizing the water cycle, for the turnover of mass and energy, causes of precipitation extremes, and the recycling of precipitation over land. While the global average lifetime of water vapor is commonly considered as about 8–10 days, recent work indicates that the distribution of water vapor lifetimes is highly skewed, and that a large part of the water vapor could have average lifetimes of about 4–5 days. Besides calling for scrutiny of these new estimates, these findings also prompt an investigation of the factors shaping the distribution of the lifetime of water vapor. Using idealized setups and reanalysis data, I explore the influence of heterogeneity and nonstationarity on water vapor age and lifetime. The combination of nonstationarity and heterogeneity allows for short and long local lifetimes and water vapor ages, while maintaining the global average mass balance and corresponding mean water vapor lifetime. A plausibility argument based on humidity-weighted winds suggests that median lifetimes of 4–5 days are more consistent with weather system patterns in the extratropics. I propose that the median of the lifetime is more representative, since its mean value is affected by uncertainty originating from a long, thin tail. To more comprehensively understand the water vapor lifetime, methods will need to report the full lifetime distribution. Simulations with artificial water tracers could thereby provide the framework to compare different methods consistently in the future, while stable water isotopes could serve as an observational constraint.
Azimuthally Averaged Wind and Thermodynamic Structures of Tropical Cyclones in Global Climate Models and Their Sensitivity to Horizontal Resolution
Authors: Moon Yumin , Kim Daehyun , Camargo Suzana J. , Wing Allison A. , Sobel Adam H. , Murakami Hiroyuki , Reed Kevin A. , Scoccimarro Enrico , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Wehner Michael F. , Zarzycki Colin M. , Zhao Ming
Published: November 2019

Characteristics of tropical cyclones (TCs) in global climate models (GCMs) are known to be influenced by details of the model configurations, including horizontal resolution and parameterization schemes. Understanding model-to-model differences in TC characteristics is a prerequisite for reducing uncertainty in future TC activity projections by GCMs. This study performs a process-level examination of TC structures in eight GCM simulations that span a range of horizontal resolutions from 1° to 0.25°. A recently developed set of process-oriented diagnostics is used to examine the azimuthally averaged wind and thermodynamic structures of the GCM-simulated TCs. Results indicate that the inner-core wind structures of simulated TCs are more strongly constrained by the horizontal resolutions of the models than are the thermodynamic structures of those TCs. As expected, the structures of TC circulations become more realistic with smaller horizontal grid spacing, such that the radii of maximum wind (RMW) become smaller, and the maximum vertical velocities occur off the center. However, the RMWs are still too large, especially at higher intensities, and there are rising motions occurring at the storm centers, inconsistently with observations. The distributions of precipitation, moisture, and radiative and surface turbulent heat fluxes around TCs are diverse, even across models with similar horizontal resolutions. At the same horizontal resolution, models that produce greater rainfall in the inner-core regions tend to simulate stronger TCs. When TCs are weak, the radial gradient of net column radiative flux convergence is comparable to that of surface turbulent heat fluxes, emphasizing the importance of cloud–radiative feedbacks during the early developmental phases of TCs.
Assessing the Representation of Australian Regional Climate Extremes and Their Associated Atmospheric Circulation in Climate Models
Authors: Tozer Carly R. , Risbey James S. , Monselesan Didier P. , Squire Dougal T. , Chamberlain Matthew A. , Matear Richard J. , Ziehn Tilo
Published: November 2019

We assess the representation of multiday temperature and rainfall extremes in southeast Australia in three coupled general circulation models (GCMs) of varying resolution. We evaluate the statistics of the modeled extremes in terms of their frequency, duration, and magnitude compared to observations, and the model representation of the midtropospheric circulation (synoptic and large scale) associated with the extremes. We find that the models capture the statistics of observed heatwaves reasonably well, though some models are “too wet” to adequately capture the observed duration of dry spells but not always wet enough to capture the magnitude of extreme wet events. Despite the inability of the models to simulate all extreme event statistics, the process evaluation indicates that the onset and decay of the observed synoptic structures are well simulated in the models, including for wet and dry extremes. We also show that the large-scale wave train structures associated with the observed extremes are reasonably well simulated by the models although their broader onset and decay is not always captured in the models. The results presented here provide some context for, and confidence in, the use of the coupled GCMs in climate prediction and projection studies for regional extremes.
Atlantic Multidecadal Variability and Associated Climate Impacts Initiated by Ocean Thermohaline Dynamics
Authors: Kim Who M. , Yeager Stephen , Danabasoglu Gokhan
Published: November 2019

The sea surface temperature (SST) signature of Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) is a key driver of climate variability in surrounding regions. Low-frequency Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variability is often invoked as a key driving mechanism of AMV-related SST anomalies. However, the origins of both AMV and multidecadal AMOC variability remain areas of active research and debate. Here, using coupled ensemble experiments designed to isolate the climate response to buoyancy forcing associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation in the Labrador Sea, we show that ocean dynamical changes are the essential drivers of AMV and related climate impacts. Atmospheric teleconnections also play an important role in rendering the full AMV pattern by transmitting the ocean-driven subpolar SST signal into the rest of the basin, including the tropical North Atlantic. As such, the atmosphere response to the tropical AMV in our experiments is limited to a relatively small area in the Atlantic sector in summertime, suggesting that it could be overestimated in widely adopted protocols for AMV pacemaker experiments.
Comparison of Rainfall Products over Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Le Coz Camille , van de Giesen Nick
Published: November 2019

An ever-increasing number of rainfall estimates is available. They are used in many important applications such as flood/drought monitoring, water management, or climate monitoring. Such data are especially valuable in sub-Saharan Africa, where rainfall has considerable socioeconomic impacts and the gauge and radar networks are sparse. The choice of a rainfall product can significantly influence the performance of such applications. This study reviews previous works, evaluating or comparing rainfall products over different parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Three types of rainfall products are considered: the gauge-only, the satellite-based, and the reanalysis ones. In addition to the global rainfall products, we included three regional ones specifically developed for Africa: the African Rainfall Climatology version 2 (ARC2), the Rainfall Estimate version 2 (RFE2), and the Tropical Applications of Meteorology Using Satellite Data and Ground-Based Observations (TAMSAT) African Rainfall Climatology and Time Series (TARCAT). The gauge density, the orography, and the rainfall regime, which vary with the climate and the season, influence the performance of the rainfall products. This review does not focus on comparing results, as many other publications doing so are already available. Instead, we propose this review as a guide through the different rainfall products available over Africa, and the factors influencing their performances. With this review, the reader can make informed decisions about which products serve their specific purpose best.
Application of a Dynamic Clustered Bayesian Model Averaging (DCBA) Algorithm for Merging Multisatellite Precipitation Products over Pakistan
Authors: Rahman Khalil Ur , Shang Songhao , Shahid Muhammad , Wen Yeqiang , Khan Zeeshan
Published: November 2019

Merged multisatellite precipitation datasets (MMPDs) combine the advantages of individual satellite precipitation products (SPPs), have a tendency to reduce uncertainties, and provide higher potentials to hydrological applications. This study applied a dynamic clustered Bayesian model averaging (DCBA) algorithm to merge four SPPs across Pakistan. The DCBA algorithm produced dynamic weights to different SPPs varying both spatially and temporally to accommodate the spatiotemporal differences of SPP performances. The MMPD is developed at daily temporal scale from 2000 to 2015 with spatial resolution of 0.25° using extensively evaluated SPPs and a global atmospheric reanalysis–precipitation dataset: Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) 3B42V7, Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information Using Artificial Neural Networks–Climate Data Record (PERSIANN-CDR), Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH), and ERA-Interim. The DCBA algorithm is evaluated across four distinct climate regions of Pakistan over 102 ground precipitation gauges (GPGs). DCBA forecasting outperformed all four SPPs with average Theil’s U of 0.49, 0.38, 0.37, and 0.36 in glacial, humid, arid, and hyperarid regions, respectively. The average mean bias error (MBE), mean error (MAE), root-mean-square error (RMSE), correlation coefficient (CC), and standard deviation (SD) of DCBA over all of Pakistan are 0.54, 1.40, 4.94, 0.77, and 5.17 mm day−1, respectively. Seasonal evaluation revealed a dependency of DCBA performance on precipitation magnitude/intensity and elevation. Relatively poor DCBA performance is observed in premonsoon/monsoon seasons and at high/mild elevated regions. Average improvements of DCBA in comparison with TMPA are 59.56% (MBE), 49.37% (MAE), 45.89% (RMSE), 19.48% (CC), 46.7% (SD), and 18.66% (Theil’s U). Furthermore, DCBA efficiently captured extreme precipitation trends (premonsoon/monsoon seasons).
Decline in Terrestrial Moisture Sources of the Mississippi River Basin in a Future Climate
Authors: Benedict Imme , van Heerwaarden Chiel C. , van der Ent Ruud J. , Weerts Albrecht H. , Hazeleger Wilco
Published: November 2019

Assessment of the impact of climate change on water resources over land requires knowledge on the origin of the precipitation and changes therein toward the future. We determine the origin of precipitation over the Mississippi River basin (MRB) using high-resolution (~25 km) climate model simulations for present and future climate (RCP4.5). Moisture resulting in precipitation over the MRB is tracked back in time using Eulerian offline moisture tracking, in order to find out from where this water originally evaporated (i.e., the moisture sources). We find that the most important continental moisture sources are the MRB itself and the area southwest of the basin. The two most relevant oceanic sources are the Gulf of Mexico/Caribbean and the Pacific. The distribution of sources varies per season, with more recycling of moisture within the basin during summer and more transport of moisture from the ocean toward the basin in winter. In future winters, we find an increase in moisture source from the oceans (related to higher sea surface temperatures), resulting in more precipitation over the MRB. In future summers, we find an approximately 5% decrease in moisture source from the basin itself, while the decrease in precipitation is smaller (i.e., lower recycling ratios). The results here are based on one climate model, and we do not study low-frequency climate variability. We conclude that Mississippi’s moisture sources will become less local in a future climate, with more water originating from the oceans.
Counting Migrants’ Deaths at the Border: From Civil Society Counterstatistics to (Inter)Governmental Recuperation
Authors: Heller Charles , Pécoud Antoine
Published: November 2019

Migrant deaths in border-zones have become a major social and political issue, especially in the context of the Euro-Mediterranean refugee/migrant crisis. While media, activists, and policy makers often mention precise figures regarding the number of deaths, little is known about the production of statistical data on this topic. This article explores the politics of counting migrant deaths in Europe. This statistical activity was initiated in the 1990s by civil society organizations with the purpose of shedding light on the deadly consequences of “Fortress Europe” and of challenging states’ control-oriented political strategies. In 2013, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) started to count migrants’ deaths: while this intergovernmental organization seems to follow up on civil society initiatives, it actually works with different political objectives. Rather than criticizing states, IOM aims at conciliating the control of irregular migration with the prevention of deaths. IOM’s statistics on border deaths illustrate the humanitarianization of the border, as denunciation of migrants’ deaths and life-saving activities become integrated in border management and border control. In producing statistics on border deaths, IOM depoliticizes this data and challenges the critical framework that was central to earlier civil society initiatives. Finally, the article explores ways in which statistics on border deaths are being repoliticized to challenge European states’ immigration policies.
The Effect of Estimation Methods on SEM Fit Indices
Authors: Shi Dexin , Maydeu-Olivares Alberto
Published: November 2019

We examined the effect of estimation methods, maximum likelihood (ML), unweighted least squares (ULS), and diagonally weighted least squares (DWLS), on three population SEM (structural equation modeling) fit indices: the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), the comparative fit index (CFI), and the standardized root mean square residual (SRMR). We considered different types and levels of misspecification in factor analysis models: misspecified dimensionality, omitting cross-loadings, and ignoring residual correlations. Estimation methods had substantial impacts on the RMSEA and CFI so that different cutoff values need to be employed for different estimators. In contrast, SRMR is robust to the method used to estimate the model parameters. The same criterion can be applied at the population level when using the SRMR to evaluate model fit, regardless of the choice of estimation method.
Exploring creativity and innovation in broadcasting
Authors: Clegg Stewart R , Burdon Stephen
Published: November 2019

We consider the emergence of design innovations in process, emerging around the form of polyarchy. This is done by using a case study of innovation conducted by a production organization’s project that was embedded in and hosted by a bureaucratic public institution, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). The research reported here was part of a larger project comparing the BBC and ABC’s use of different modes of organization. It focused mainly on the organization designed to deliver a six-part television series, The Code. The innovative process of Scribe, the organization in question, in producing the story is a good example of idea work being instituted in a polyarchic design process. Scribe represents a new organizational design characterized by a polyarchic structure, which is soft and decentralized, with strict and relatively insuperable social and symbolic boundaries. This results in a project-based organization to coordinate collective innovation that is curated by making the writer also the creative director or showrunner. The research contributes further to exploring organizational idea work, through prioritizing creativity and innovation by an explicit positioning of a product and collaborative generative idea work.
Long-run Behaviour of Oil Consumption in the Chinese Economy
Authors: Tang Chor Foon , Chandran V.G.R.
Published: November 2019

China is a major consumer of global oil output. China’s burgeoning demand for oil has had a disproportionate impact on both global oil production and prices. Hence, knowledge about the long-run oil consumption patterns in China is crucial given its significant impact on the Chinese economy and by extension, on the world economy. This study aims to examine the influence of real output, oil price, industrialisation, and financial development on oil consumption patterns in China from 1965 to 2016. The results indicate that oil consumption in China is responsive to oil price, industrialisation, financial development, and real output. The long-run elasticity of industrialisation, financial development, oil price, and real output are approximately 1.23, 0.91, –0.84, and 0.39, respectively. The results affirm the critical role played by industrialisation in determining oil consumption patterns in China, which has implications on both policy formulation and direction.

JEL Classification: C32, O13, Q43
“Another high-caste woman beyond his reach”: Cast(e)ing the sexual politics of Manu Joseph’s Serious Men
Authors: Yadav Kanak
Published: November 2019

Indian English Fiction has mostly portrayed Dalit characters from a humanist perspective. Manu Joseph’s debut novel Serious Men (2010) departs from such a convention by deploying sexist language to render subversive authority to the Dalit protagonist, Ayyan Mani. While Serious Men (2010) revises the passive depiction of Dalits in Indian English Fiction through its experimental usage of language, its subversion is undermined by its representation of women and lower-caste politics. This article is interested in exploring the intersections between language politics and the politics of caste in the novel, since it seems subversive in expressing the rant of an angry Dalit man, yet it also nevertheless reflects the overt sexualization of urban, upper-caste women. By interrogating the novel’s politics of Dalit representation and its critical reception, the article argues how despite satirizing casteist attitudes through the eyes of the Dalit protagonist, the novel inevitably undermines its critique of caste structures through its prejudiced portrayal of women and caste politics.
Dual extended state observer-based backstepping control of electro-hydraulic servo systems with time-varying output constraints
Authors: Yang Guichao
Published: November 2019

In this paper, a novel nonlinear robust controller ensuring time-varying output constraints for the double-rod hydraulic servo systems in the presence of largely unknown matched and mismatched disturbances is proposed. By employing two extended state observers for each channel of the load dynamics and pressure dynamics of the considered hydraulic system, the large matched and mismatched disturbances are successfully compensated. In addition, a time-varying barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) of asymmetric type has been employed to make sure that the position output is never violated. The resulting controller is synthesized using the backstepping procedure. The stability of the whole closed-loop hydraulic system associated with the dual extended state observer (ESO)-based controller is strictly guaranteed. In theory, the proposed control strategy can not only ensure the output satisfy the preset constrained space, but also enhance the output tracking performance when the system faces various largely unknown disturbances. The effectiveness of the proposed controller has also been demonstrated via comparative simulation results.
Becoming a Home Care Worker: Job-Seekers’ Push and Pull Factors
Authors: Shinan-Altman Shiri , Soskolne Varda , Ayalon Liat
Published: November 2019

This study examined “push and pull” factors associated with the decision to become home care workers among job-seekers in Israel. Participants completed measures of ageism, anxiety about aging, attitudes toward the home care profession, and personal relationship with older adults. Of 1,492 participants, 32.0% accepted the offer to become home care workers and were no longer in the job market, 36.7% accepted the offer but worked in the past, and 31.2% refused the offer. Compared to participants currently employed, the odds of being employed in the past were higher for participants who were younger, with poorer health and higher ageism; the odds of refusal were higher for males, Arabs, younger participants, with more education, lower ageism, and fewer personal relationship with older adults. The findings have implications for practice with job-seekers and for retaining current home care workers in the field. This may assist in expanding the home care workforce.