bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current Trends in In Vitro Modeling to Mimic Cellular Crosstalk in Periodontal Tissue
Authors: Aveic Sanja , Craveiro Rogerio B. , Wolf Michael , Fischer Horst
Published: November 2020

Clinical evidence indicates that in physiological and therapeutic conditions a continuous remodeling of the tooth root cementum and the periodontal apparatus is required to maintain tissue strength, to prevent damage, and to secure teeth anchorage. Within the tooth's surrounding tissues, tooth root cementum and the periodontal ligament are the key regulators of a functional tissue homeostasis. While the root cementum anchors the periodontal fibers to the tooth root, the periodontal ligament itself is the key regulator of tissue resorption, the remodeling process, and mechanical signal transduction. Thus, a balanced crosstalk of both tissues is mandatory for maintaining the homeostasis of this complex system. However, the mechanobiological mechanisms that shape the remodeling process and the interaction between the tissues are largely unknown. In recent years, numerous 2D and 3D in vitro models have sought to mimic the physiological and pathophysiological conditions of periodontal tissue. They have been proposed to unravel the underlying nature of the cell–cell and the cell–extracellular matrix interactions. The present review provides an overview of recent in vitro models and relevant biomaterials used to enhance the understanding of periodontal crosstalk and aims to provide a scientific basis for advanced regenerative strategies.
Long‐Term Continuous Glucose Monitoring Using a Fluorescence‐Based Biocompatible Hydrogel Glucose Sensor
Authors: Sawayama Jun , Takeuchi Shoji
Published: November 2020

Fluorescence‐based hydrogel glucose sensors with boronic acid‐based glucose recognition are promising regarding their potential to improve continuous glucose monitoring by facilitating long‐lasting accuracy. However, these sensors typically become encapsulated after implantation, and the dynamic range decreases following long‐term implantation and use. Herein, a four‐arm polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel is developed with an immobilized glucose‐responsive fluorescence dye (GF‐PEG‐gel); this hydrogel is effective in mitigating foreign body reactions (FBRs) that hinder stable glucose responses in vivo. The GF‐PEG‐gel attached to an implantable device successfully traces blood glucose concentrations in diabetic model rats for 45 days. A pig experiment shows that the device measures the glucose concentration with an equivalent accuracy to that required for clinically available settings.
Isotope Microscopic Observation of Osteogenesis Process Forming Robust Bonding of Double Network Hydrogel to Bone
Authors: Nonoyama Takayuki , Wang Lei , Tsuda Masumi , Suzuki Yuki , Kiyama Ryuji , Yasuda Kazunori , Tanaka Shinya , Nagata Kousuke , Fujita Ryosuke , Sakamoto Naoya , Kawasaki Noriyuki , Yurimoto Hisayoshi , Gong Jian Ping
Published: November 2020

Tough double network (DN) hydrogels are promising substitutes of soft supporting tissues such as cartilage and ligaments. For such applications, it is indispensable to robustly fix the hydrogels to bones with medically feasible methods. Recently, robustly bonding the DN hydrogels to defected bones of rabbits in vivo has been proved successful. The low crystalline hydroxyapatite (HAp) of calcium‐phosphate‐hydroxide salt coated on the surface layer of the DN hydrogels induced spontaneous osteogenesis penetrating into the semi‐permeable hydrogels to form a gel/bone composite layer. In this work, the 44Ca isotope‐doped HAp/DN hydrogel is implanted in a defect of rabbit femoral bone and the dynamic osteogenesis process at the gel/bone interface is analyzed by tracing the calcium isotope ratio using isotope microscopy. The synthetic HAp hybridized on the surface layer of DN gel dissolves rapidly in the first two weeks by inflammation, and then the immature bone with a gradient structure starts to form in the gel region, reutilizing the dissolved Ca ions. These results reveal, for the first time, that synthetic HAp is reutilized for osteogenesis. These facts help to understand the lifetime of bone absorbable materials and to elucidate the mechanism of spontaneous, non‐toxic, but strong fixation of hydrogels to bones.
CANDYBOTS: A New Generation of 3D‐Printed Sugar‐Based Transient Small‐Scale Robots
Authors: Gervasoni Simone , Terzopoulou Anastasia , Franco Carlos , Veciana Andrea , Pedrini Norman , Burri Jan T. , de Marco Carmela , Siringil Erdem C. , Chen Xiang‐Zhong , Nelson Bradley J. , Puigmartí‐Luis Josep , Pané Salvador
Published: November 2020

Sugars are ubiquitous in food, and are among the main sources of energy for almost all forms of life. Sugars can also form structural building blocks such as cellulose in plants. Because of their inherent degradability and biocompatibility characteristics, sugars are compelling materials for transient devices. Here, an additive manufacturing approach for the production of magnetic sugar‐based composites is introduced. First, it is shown that sugar‐based 3D architectures can be 3D printed by selective laser sintering. This method enables not only the caramelization chemistry but also the mechanical properties of the sugar architectures to be adjusted by varying the laser energy. It is also demonstrated that mixtures of sugar and magnetic particles can be processed as 3D composites. As a proof of concept, a sugar‐based millimeter‐scale helical swimmer, which is capable of corkscrew motion in a solution with a viscosity comparable to those of biological fluids, is fabricated. The millirobot quickly dissolves in water, while being manipulated through magnetic fields. The present fabrication method can pave the way to a new generation of transient sugar‐based small‐scale robots for minimally invasive procedures. Due to their rapid dissolution, sugars can be used as an intermediate step for transporting swarms of particles to specific target locations.
Ultrafine IrNi Bimetals Encapsulated in Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks‐Derived Porous N‐Doped Carbon for Boosting Oxygen Evolution in Both Alkaline and Acidic Electrolytes
Authors: Chen Xiu , Xu Mingyue , Li Shang , Li Cuicui , Sun Xuechu , Mu Shichun , Yu Jun
Published: November 2020

Developing cost‐effective and active catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) towards renewable energy‐related system, and applying the catalysts under both alkaline and acidic conditions is still a great challenge. In this work, a facile wet‐chemical method is reported to synthesize ultrafine IrxNiy alloy encapsulated in porous N‐doped carbon (BMNC) derived from bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs). Benefiting from the advantages of alloy effect between Ir and Ni, high surface area and more active site exposing, the optimal sample Ir3Ni2/BMNC with only 7.7 wt% Ir content reveals outstanding OER electrocatalytic activity in alkaline and acidic electrolyte. When evaluated in 1 m KOH, Ir3Ni2/BMNC exhibits low overpotential of 279 mV to drive current density of 10 mA cm−2 compared with IrO2 (322 mV), 59.4 times Ir mass activity of 303 A gIr−1 higher than IrO2 (5.1 AgIr−1) and prominent durability of 40 000 s for chronopotentiometry test. Assessed in 0.1 m HClO4, Ir3Ni2/BMNC also possesses long stability of 40 000 s for chronopotentiometry, high current density (η10 = 321 mV) and 19.9 times Ir mass activity (303 A gIr−1) superior to IrO2 of η10 = 350 mV and 15.2 A gIr−1, respectively. The brilliant durability attributes to the structure of alloy nanoparticles anchored in porous N‐doped carbon.
A Review on Fabrication Methods and Research Progress of Superhydrophobic Silicone Rubber Materials
Authors: Wang Guangfei , Li Anling , Zhao Wen , Xu Zehua , Ma Yongwei , Zhang Fangyuan , Zhang Yanbin , Zhou Jin , He Qiang
Published: November 2020

Silicone rubber materials have excellent comprehensive properties and are widely used in outdoor insulation, aerospace, and other fields. Due to its low surface energy and the appearance of biomimetic superhydrophobic materials, silicone rubber has become one of the popular materials in the field of superhydrophobicity. Superhydrophobic silicone rubber materials play an irreplaceable role in a wide range of applications such as long‐distance high‐voltage power transmission and high‐speed rail transportation. In this paper, research on superhydrophobic materials, including typical fabrication methods, is summarized to provide an overview of the up‐to‐date research state and progress in detail.
Electrochemical Epitaxial Grown PbS Nanorods Array on Graphene Film for High‐Performance Photodetector
Authors: Yang Chan , Feng Shuanglong , Tang Linlong , Shen Jun , Wei Xingzhan , Shi Haofei
Published: November 2020

PbS based low dimensional heterostructures have shown promising IR photodetector applications, arising from the multiple exciton effect. However, owing to the difficulty in controlling the size, shape, nucleation, and growth of PbS nanorods, it remains a significant challenge to construct PbS nanorods array heterostructures with precisely controlled orientation, morphology, dimensionality, and spatial distribution of each component. Here, an electrochemical atomic layer epitaxial growth method is reported to prepare the PbS nanorods array‐graphene heterostructures by engineering the structures, sizes, dimensionalities, and morphologies lattice parameters of PbS. In these heterostructures, PbS nanorods selectively grow along (200) orientation on graphene film by adjusting the underpotential deposition. The high‐oriented PbS nanorods‐graphene heterostructure's growth dynamics are confirmed by comparing the extreme polarization of graphene, resulting in controllable growth orientation and nucleation. Furthermore, the PbS nanorods‐graphene heterostructure photodetector presents an extraordinary photoresponsivity in exceeding 10.4 A W−1 and figure‐of‐merit detection D* ≈ 2.98 × 109 Jones is demonstrated in 2.7 µm at room temperature. The selective epitaxial growth of PbS nanorods opens the way to synthesize different hierarchical heterostructures with tunable architectures and dimensionalities, which can process various promising applications.
A Multi‐Stimuli‐Responsive Molecule with Responses to Light, Oxygen, and Mechanical Stress through Flexible Tuning of Triplet Excitons
Authors: Chen Junru , Tian Haiyan , Yang Zhan , Zhao Juan , Yang Zhiyong , Zhang Yi , Aldred Matthew P. , Chi Zhenguo
Published: November 2020

Multifunctional stimuli‐responsive materials have attracted tremendous attention because of their great potential in a variety of applications. However, conventional stimuli‐responsive emitting materials are limited to single‐stimulus response with rare attention paid to triplet excitons controlling. Herein, a multi‐stimuli‐responsive molecule (SPh‐TP) with tuning of triplet excitons is reported. During illumination, the SPh‐TP crystals with unique twisted structure and loose packing have a high probability to contact with neighboring oxygen atoms, followed by the occurrence of triplet–triplet energy transfer, and thus showing a photosensitive property. Meanwhile, the photosensitive property is also observed for the crystalline sample in vacuum, which is associated with oxygens locked in crystal pores. Upon mechanical stress, the crystalline morphology is broken and the molecules become more planar with tighter stacking, revealing its mechanochromism. In comparison to the crystalline sample, the ground sample can respond to light with different rates depending on the ratio of oxygen. This multi‐stimuli‐responsive material shows potential applications in oxygen detection and double‐encryption of information.
Strategies for the Stabilization of Zn Metal Anodes for Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yi Zhehan , Chen Guoyuan , Hou Feng , Wang Liqun , Liang Ji
Published: November 2020

Zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are regarded as a promising candidate for next‐generation energy storage systems due to their high safety, resource availability, and environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, the instability of the Zn metal anode has impeded ZIBs from being reliably deployed in their proposed applications. Specifically, dendrite formation and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on the Zn surface significantly compromise the Coulombic efficiency and cycling stability of ZIBs. In recent years, increasing efforts have been devoted to overcoming these obstacles by electrode structure design, interface modification, and electrolyte/separator optimization. To achieve an insightful and comprehensive understanding of these strategies, it is worth analyzing and categorizing them according to their intrinsic mechanisms. Considering this, an overview of the anodic stabilization strategies is provided. First, the fundamentals of the Zn metal anode are introduced, and the associated reaction mechanisms are presented. Furthermore, strategies of dendrite and HER suppression are categorized, discussed, and analyzed in detail. Last, suggestions for Zn anode deployment in ZIBs from research, industrialization, and commercialization aspects are proposed. It is expected that this Review and the proposed strategies will shed light on the roadmap for the exploration of novel Zn metal anodes for ZIBs.
Algorithms for weather‐based management decisions in major rainfed crops of India: Validation using data from multi‐location field experiments
Authors: Vijaya Kumar P. , Bal Santanu Kumar , Dhakar Rajkumar , Sarath Chandran M. A. , Subba Rao A. V. M. , Sandeep V. M. , Pramod V. P. , Malleswari S. N. , Sudhakar G. , Solanki N. S. , Shivaramu H. S. , Lunagaria M. M. , Dakhore K. K. , Londhe V. M. , Singh Mahender , Kumari Pragyan , Subbulakshmi S. , Manjunatha M. H. , Chaudhari N. J.
Published: November 2020

Crop weather calendars (CWC) serve as tools for taking crop management decisions. However, CWCs are not dynamic, as they were prepared by assuming normal sowing dates and fixed occurrence as well as duration of phenological stages of rainfed crops. Sowing dates fluctuate due to variability in monsoon onset and phenology varies according to crop duration and stresses encountered. Realizing the disadvantages of CWC for issuing accurate agromet advisories, a protocol of dynamic crop weather calendar (DCWC) was developed by All India Coordinated Research Project on Agrometeorology (AICRPAM). The DCWC intends to automatize agromet advisories using prevailing and forecasted weather. Different modules of DCWC, namely, Sowing & irrigation schedules, crop contingency plans, phenophase‐wise crop advisory, and advisory for harvest were prepared using long‐term data of ten crops at nine centers of AICRPAM in eight states in India. Modules for predicting sowing dates and phenology were validated for principal crops and varieties at selected locations. The predicted sowing dates of 10 crops pooled over nine centers showed close relationships with observed values (r2 of .93). Predicted phenology showed better agreement with observed in all crops except cotton (Gossypium L.; at Parbhani) and pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] (at Bangalore). Predicted crop phenology using forecasted and realized weather by DCWC are close to each other, but number of irrigations differed, and it failed for accurate prediction in groundnut at Anantapur in drought year (2014). The DCWCs require further validation for making it operational to issue agromet advisories in all 732 districts of India.
NHC‐stabilisierte Stammverbindungen der Arsanylalane und ‐gallane
Authors: Weinhart Michael A. K. , Seidl Michael , Timoshkin Alexey Y. , Scheer Manfred
Published: November 2020

Es wird über die Synthese und Charakterisierung der neuartigen Verbindungen IDipp⋅E′H2AsH2 (E′=Al, Ga; IDipp=1,3‐Bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin‐2‐yliden) berichtet, die ersten monomeren, nur durch eine Lewis‐Base (LB) stabilisierten Stammvertreter eines Arsanylalans bzw. Arsanylgallans. Sie werden mittels Salzmetathesereaktion von KAsH2 mit IDipp⋅E′H2Cl (E′=Al, Ga) erhalten. Der Weg der H2‐Eliminierung durch die Reaktion von AsH3 mit IDipp⋅E′H3 (E′=Al, Ga) wurde als mögliche Syntheseroute identifiziert, die allerdings gegenüber der Salzmetathesereaktion einige Nachteile aufweist. Die entsprechenden organo‐substituierten Verbindungen IDipp⋅GaH2AsPh2 (1) und IDipp⋅AlH2AsPh2 (2) wurden durch die Reaktion von KAsPh2 mit IDipp⋅E′H2Cl (E′=Al, Ga) erhalten. Die neuartigen verzweigten Stammverbindungen IDipp⋅E′H(EH2)2 (E′=Al, Ga; E=P, As) wurden mittels Salzmetathesereaktionen ausgehend von IDipp⋅E′HCl2 (E′=Al, Ga) synthetisiert. Ergänzende DFT‐Rechnungen liefern Einblicke in die unterschiedlichen Synthesewege und die Stabilität der Produkte.
Enhancement of physical and mechanical properties of polyamide 66 fibers using polysiloxane‐functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Jiao , Yu Wenguang , Zhang Xianye , Gao Xuefeng , Liu Haihui , Zhang Xingxiang
Published: November 2020

A polyamide 66/3‐aminopropyl‐terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PA66/APDMS)‐carboxylate multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CMWNTs) nanocomposite (PA66/APDMS‐CMWNTs) was synthesized using a one‐pot method, and the product was melt‐spun into fibers. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the PA66/APDMS‐CMWNTs nanocomposite fiber is 68.0°C, which is 22% higher than that of the pure PA66 fiber. This result indicates that there is a strong interfacial interaction between APDMS‐CMWNTs and the PA66. Furthermore, the crystallinity of PA66/APDMS‐CMWNTs nanocomposite fiber reaches a maximum due to the addition of APDMS‐CMWNTs. Additionally, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of PA66/APDMS‐CMWNTs nanocomposite fiber are 167% and 631% higher, respectively, than that of the pure PA66 fiber. The strengthening mechanism was discussed using force balance‐based expression, which demonstrates that the stress on the PA66 is more efficiently transferred to the APDMS‐CMWNTs. These results argue that using APDMS‐CMWNTs as a filler can enhance the physical‐mechanical properties of PA66 with an elevated degree never being reported.
Fuzzy control system design for wheel slip prevention and tracking of desired speed profile in electric trains
Authors: Moaveni Bijan , Rashidi Fathabadi Fatemeh , Molavi Ali
Published: November 2020

This study proposes an anti‐slip control system for electric trains based on the fuzzy logic theory, which prevents the wheels from slipping during the acceleration and simultaneously tracks the desired speed profile. To improve the control performance, the train longitudinal velocity and the slip ratio are estimated. By using a field‐oriented control (FOC), the angular speed of the traction motor is controlled. The fuzzy control system determines the desired angular speed of the traction motor as the reference input of FOC to obtain the desired slip ratio and track the desired speed profile. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the control system in various wheel–rail surface conditions based on the real parameters of ER24PC locomotive.
Mitigating carbon emissions through sustainable aviation fuels: costs and potential
Authors: Capaz Rafael S. , Guida Elisa , Seabra Joaquim E. A. , Osseweijer Patricia , Posada John A.
Published: November 2020

In general, the certified pathways for the production of sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) are still far from being competitive with fossil kerosene, although they have the potential to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, the mitigation costs related to SAFs and how they compete with the carbon credits market remain unclear. The present study addressed these issues, evaluating SAF pathways based on hydrotreatment (HEFA process) of soybean oil, palm oil, used cooking oil (UCO) and beef tallow; dehydration and oligomerization of ethanol (ATJ technology) obtained from sugarcane, lignocellulosic residues, and steel off‐gases; and the thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic residues using the Fischer–Tropsch (FT) process and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). Residue‐based pathways had lower mitigation costs. Used cooking oil / HEFA had the lowest value (185 USD tCO2e−1), followed by the thermochemical conversion of forestry residues (234–263 USD tCO2e−1). Of the 1G pathways, SAF production from 1G sugarcane ethanol (SC‐1G/ATJ) performed better (495 USD tCO2e−1) than oil‐based ones. In comparison with the carbon market, the mitigation costs of SAFs are much higher than the current prices or even future ones. However, several concerns about the credibility of the emission units and their effective mitigation effects indicate that SAFs could play an important role in aviation sector goals. Considering the potential of supplying SAF and mitigating emissions, SC‐1G/ATJ was suggested as a preferred alternative in the short term. Of the residue‐based pathways, tallow / HEFA and FT of forestry residues are suggested as strategic alternatives. © 2020 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
How immune‐cell fate and function are determined by metabolic pathway choice
Authors: Hortová‐Kohoutková Marcela , Lázničková Petra , Frič Jan
Published: November 2020

Immune cells are highly dynamic in their response to the tissue environment. Most immune cells rapidly change their metabolic profile to obtain sufficient energy to engage in defensive or homeostatic processes. Such “immunometabolism” is governed through intermediate metabolites, and has a vital role in regulating immune‐cell function. The underlying metabolic reactions are shaped by the abundance and accessibility of specific nutrients, as well as the overall metabolic status of the host. Here, we discuss how different immune‐cell types gain a sufficient energy supply. We then explain how immune cells perform various functions under challenged conditions and expend energy to sustain homeostasis. Finally, we speculate on how the immune‐cell metabolic profile might be modulated in health and disease, by manipulating nutrient availability. By such intervention, the recovery of patient with dysregulated immune system responses might be sped up and the fitness of an individual efficiently restored.
Exploring the effects of mergers and acquisitions on acquirers' sustainability orientation: Embedding, adding, or losing sustainability
Authors: Vastola Vincenzo , Russo Angeloantonio
Published: November 2020

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have been primarily investigated from a shareholder‐centric perspective of economic value maximization. However, this type of strategic initiatives also carries relevant implications for companies' capacity to respond to increasing social and environmental concerns among their stakeholders. In this study, we explore the processes related to, and nonfinancial consequences of, acquisitions involving sustainability‐oriented firms. Leveraging interviews with business decision makers and secondary data covering the pre‐ and post‐acquisition phases, we find three main paths leading the acquiring firms to embed, add, or lose sustainability. Therefore, three possible post‐acquisition outcomes emerge, associated with differences in acquirers' focus on sustainability infusing the deal rationale, their due diligence activity, and practices of stakeholder management and integration in the post‐acquisition phase.
Prepare your campus to handle changes in complying with immigration laws, policies
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: November 2020

The volatile and fluid nature of ongoing changes makes it more difficult than ever for higher education institutions to stay in compliance with the immigration laws impacting international students, faculty, and staff. That's according to immigration law expert Christian G.A. Zeller, Esq., Managing Partner at Maney Gordon Zeller, P.A., who shared his expertise in a webinar hosted by Stetson University's Center for Excellence in Higher Education Law and Policy. The COVID‐19 pandemic disrupted immigration and visa processes, while recent travel bans, entry requirements, and the upcoming election continue to complicate this area of law and federal policy. You'll want to review Zeller's guidance to help your institution comply now while also planning ahead and preparing for other potential changes.
Acute aortic dissection combined with cardiac tamponade in an elderly patient saved by pericardial drainage: A case report
Authors: Une Kazunobu , Hidaka Yui , Maeda Junji , Kinoshita Hiroki , Kodama Hiroshi , Sato Katsutoshi
Published: November 2020

Acute aortic dissection combined with cardiac tamponade is fatal. The radical treatment is an aortic replacement; however, the risk is high. We suggest conservative treatment with pericardial drainage as a treatment option in elderly patients with comorbidities.
Intracytoplasmic dot‐like inclusions as cytopathologically useful findings of ependymoma: Case report of adolescent supratentorial anaplastic ependymoma with clear cell morphology
Authors: Homma Taku , Mizuno Reina , Miyama Yu , Suzuki Tomonari , Uchida Eita , Adachi Jun‐ichi , Yasuda Masanori
Published: November 2020

Pediatric supratentorial ependymomas often have a clear cell morphology and reveal a RELA fusion. When a clear cell neoplasm is intraoperatively diagnosed, intracytoplasmic dot‐like inclusions by cytology are a useful cytopathological feature of ependymoma.
Combining Electricity and Fuel Supply: Operational Strategies for Biogas Plants
Authors: Gökgöz Fatih , Winkler Manuel , Barchmann Tino , Weinrich Sören , Liebetrau Jan , Nelles Michael
Published: November 2020

The operational consequences resulting from the combination of a flexibly operated combined heat and power unit (CHP) and an off‐grid biomethane filling station at one biogas plant were investigated. Four different operating scenarios were compared to evaluate the storage capacity needed to balance biogas demand fluctuations and biogas production. The scenario in which fuel production was given priority and electricity was produced within the remaining hours proved to cause the lowest additional costs since it does not require additional installation of biogas storage capacity and causes minor opportunity cost in electricity marketing. Giving fuel demand the priority reduces the necessary biogas storage capacity by 75 % compared to parallel optimization of the electricity and fuel demands.
Deoxygenation of Bio‐oil from Calcium‐Rich Paper‐Mill Waste
Authors: Bashir Muhammad Asif , Jahangiri Hessam , Hornung Andreas , Ouadi Miloud
Published: November 2020

De‐inking sludge, an ash‐rich recycling paper solid waste, is generated in huge amounts. The catalytic deoxygenation potential of calcium‐based de‐inking sludge in co‐pyrolysis mode with wood and its neat thermal conversion to sustainable biofuels are investigated. Wood, de‐inking sludge, and their blends are processed in a thermocatalytic reforming (TCR) system. In the presence of de‐inking sludge, the oxygen content in the organic phase decreases and the bio‐oil calorific value improves as compared to the neat wood‐derived bio‐oil. The TCR processing of neat de‐inking sludge produces a bio‐oil with low oxygen content and higher calorific value.
Highly Regioselective 5‐endo‐tet Cyclization of 3,4‐Epoxy Amines into 3‐Hydroxypyrrolidines Catalyzed by La(OTf)3
Authors: Kuriyama Yuse , Sasano Yusuke , Hoshino Yoshihiko , Uesugi Shun‐ichiro , Yamaichi Aoto , Iwabuchi Yoshiharu
Published: November 2020

Highly regioselective intramolecular aminolysis of 3,4‐epoxy amines has been achieved. Key features of this reaction are (1) chemoselective activation of epoxides in the presence of unprotected aliphatic amines in the same molecules by a La(OTf)3 catalyst and (2) excellent regioselectivity for anti‐Baldwin 5‐endo‐tet cyclization. This reaction affords 3‐hydroxy‐2‐alkylpyrrolidines stereospecifically in high yields. DFT calculations revealed that the regioselectivity might be attributed to distortion energies of epoxy amine substrates. The use of this reaction was demonstrated by the first enantioselective synthesis of an antispasmodic agent prifinium bromide.
Impact of Heteroatom Substitution on Dual‐State Emissive Rigidified 2‐(2’‐hydroxyphenyl)benzazole Dyes: Towards Ultra‐Bright ESIPT Fluorophores**
Authors: Pariat Thibault , Munch Maxime , Durko‐Maciag Martyna , Mysliwiec Jaroslaw , Retailleau Pascal , Vérité Pauline M. , Jacquemin Denis , Massue Julien , Ulrich Gilles
Published: November 2020

2‐(2’‐Hydroxyphenyl)benzazole (HBX) fluorophores are well‐known excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) emitters largely studied for their synthetic versatility, photostability, strong solid‐state fluorescence and ability to engineer dual emission, thus paving the way to applications as white emitters, ratiometric sensors, and cryptographic dyes. However, they are heavily quenched in solution, due to efficient non‐radiative pathways taking place as a consequence of the proton transfer in the excited‐state. In this contribution, the nature of the heteroring constitutive of these rigidified HBX dyes was modified and we demonstrate that this simple structural modification triggers major optical changes in terms of emission color, dual emission engineering, and importantly, fluorescent quantum yield. Investigation of the photophysical properties in solution and in the solid state of a series of ethynyl‐TIPS extended HBX fluorophores, along with ab initio calculations demonstrate the very promising abilities of these dyes to act as bright dual‐state emitters, in both solution (even in protic environments) and solid state.
Rare‐Earth Metal Tetrathiafulvalene Carboxylate Frameworks as Redox‐Switchable Single‐Molecule Magnets
Authors: Su Jian , Yuan Shuai , Li Jing , Wang Hai‐Ying , Ge Jing‐Yuan , Drake Hannah F. , Leong Chanel F. , Yu Fei , D'Alessandro Deanna M. , Kurmoo Mohamedally , Zuo Jing‐Lin , Zhou Hong‐Cai
Published: November 2020

Using the redox‐active tetrathiafulvalene tetrabenzoate (TTFTB4−) as the linker, a series of stable and porous rare‐earth metal–organic frameworks (RE‐MOFs), [RE9(μ3‐OH)13(μ3‐O)(H2O)9(TTFTB)3] (1‐RE, where RE=Y, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er) were constructed. The RE9(μ3‐OH)13(μ3‐O) (H2O)9](CO2)12 clusters within 1‐RE act as segregated single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) displaying slow relaxation. Interestingly, upon oxidation by I2, the S=0 TTFTB4− linkers of 1‐RE were converted into S=
TTFTB.3− radical linkers which introduced exchange‐coupling between SMMs and modulated the relaxation. Furthermore, the SMM property can be restored by reduction in N,N‐dimethylformamide. These results highlight the advantage of MOFs in the construction of redox‐switchable SMMs.
Long‐term outcomes of pexidartinib in tenosynovial giant cell tumors
Authors: Gelderblom Hans , Wagner Andrew J. , Tap William D. , Palmerini Emanuela , Wainberg Zev A. , Desai Jayesh , Healey John H. , van de Sande Michiel A. J. , Bernthal Nicholas M. , Staals Eric L. , Peterfy Charles G. , Frezza Anna Maria , Hsu Henry H. , Wang Qiang , Shuster Dale E. , Stacchiotti Silvia
Published: November 2020

Background

The objective of this study was to report on the long‐term effects of pexidartinib on tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT).

Methods

This was a pooled analysis encompassing 3 pexidartinib‐treated TGCT cohorts: 1) a phase 1 extension study (NCT01004861; 1000 mg/d; n = 39), 2) ENLIVEN patients randomized to pexidartinib (1000 mg/d for 2 weeks and then 800 mg/d; n = 61), and 3) ENLIVEN crossover patients (NCT02371369; 800 mg/d; n = 30). Eligible patients were 18 years old or older and had a histologically confirmed TGCT that was unresectable and symptomatic. Efficacy endpoints included the best overall response (complete or partial response) and the duration of response (DOR) by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and the tumor volume score (TVS). The safety assessment included the frequency of treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and hepatic laboratory abnormalities (aminotransferase elevations and mixed/cholestatic hepatotoxicity). The data cutoff was May 31, 2019.

Results

One hundred thirty patients with TGCT received pexidartinib (median treatment duration, 19 months; range, 1 to 76+ months); 54 (42%) remained on treatment at the end of the analysis (26 months after initial data cut of March 2017). The RECIST overall response rate (ORR) was 60%; the TVS ORR was 65%. The median times to response were 3.4 (RECIST) and 2.8 months (TVS), with 48 of the responding patients (62%) achieving a RECIST partial response by 6 months and with 72 (92%) doing so by 18 months. The median DOR was reached for TVS (46.8 months). Reported TEAEs were mostly low‐grade, with hair color changes being most frequent (75%). Most liver abnormalities (92%) were aminotransferase elevations; 4 patients (3%) experienced mixed/cholestatic hepatotoxicity (all within the first 2 months of treatment), which was reversible in all cases (recovery spanned 1‐7 months).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the prolonged efficacy and tolerability of long‐term pexidartinib treatment for TGCT.
Vacancy assisted diffusion on single‐atom surface alloys
Authors: Mahlberg David , Groß Axel
Published: November 2020

Bimetallic surfaces can exhibit an improved catalytic activity through tailoring the concentration and/or the arrangement of the two metallic components. However, in order to be catalytically active, the active bimetallic surface structure has to be stable under operating conditions. Typically, structural changes in metals occur via vacancy diffusion. Based on the first‐principles determination of formation energies and diffusion barriers we have performed kinetic Monte‐Carlo (kMC) simulations to analyse the (meta‐)stability of PtRu/Ru(0001), AgPd/Pd(111), PtAu/Au(111) and InCu/Cu(100) surface alloys. In a first step, here we consider single‐atom alloys together with one vacancy per simulation cell. We will present results of the time evolution of these structures and analyse them in terms of the interaction between the constituents of the bimetallic surface.
Radical‐Enhanced Intersystem Crossing in a Bay‐Substituted Perylene Bisimide−TEMPO Dyad and the Electron Spin Polarization Dynamics upon Photoexcitation**
Authors: Zhang Xue , Sukhanov Andrey A. , Yildiz Elif Akhuseyin , Kandrashkin Yuri E. , Zhao Jianzhang , Yaglioglu Halime Gul , Voronkova Violeta K.
Published: November 2020

A 4‐amino‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxyl (TEMPO) radical was attached to the bay position of perylene‐3,4 : 9,10‐bis(dicarboximide) (perylenebisimide, PBI) to study the radical‐enhanced intersystem crossing (REISC) and electron spin dynamics of the photo‐induced high‐spin states. The dyads give strong visible light absorption (ϵ=27000 M−1 cm−1at 607 nm). Attaching a TEMPO radical to the PBI unit transforms the otherwise non‐radiative decay of S1 state (fluorescence quantum yield: ΦF=2.9 %) of PBI unit to ISC (singlet oxygen quantum yield: ΦΔ=31.8 %, ΦF=1.6 %). Moreover, the REISC is more efficient as compared to the heavy atom effect‐induced ISC (ΦΔ=17.8 % for 1,8‐dibromoPBI). For the dyad, ISC takes 245 ps and triplet state lifetime is 1.5 μs, much shorter than the native PBI (τT=126.6 μs). X‐ and Q‐band time‐resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy shows that the exchange interaction in the photoexcited radical‐chromophore dyad is larger than the triplet zero‐field splitting (ZFS) and the difference of Zeeman energies of the radical and chromophore. The inversion of electron spin polarization from emissive to absorptive was observed and attributed to the initial completion of the quartet state population and the subsequent depopulation processes induced by the zero‐field splitting.
Atomic‐Scale Edge Morphology, Stability, and Oxidation of Single‐Layer 2H‐TaS2
Authors: Martincová Jana , Otyepka Michal , Lazar Petr
Published: November 2020

Tantalum disulphide belongs to the group of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and has attracted attention for its unique structural, electronic, and catalytic properties. Herein, we report the edge properties of single‐layer 2H‐TaS2 studied by using density functional theory calculations, because the knowledge of the edge morphology, stability, and surface energy is essential for the determination of nanoparticle shapes and understanding the nature of catalytically active sites. We calculate the grand canonical potential of TaS2 clusters having various edge morphologies to evaluate the edge energies of the Ta‐edge and S‐edge terminated surfaces. Under S‐rich conditions, the most likely shape of TaS2 is a deformed hexagon dominated by the Ta‐edge covered by S monomers, while the triangular shape is preferred under S‐poor conditions. Exposed edges of the single‐layer TaS2 are susceptible to oxidation in air because both oxygen adsorption and substitution at the edge are strongly exothermic, −0.96 and −2.20 eV for single O atom, respectively. The XPS calculation shows that specific initial steps of oxidative process (adsorption, vacancy creation, substitution) are unlikely to be distinguished in the XPS spectra due to small shift of respective binding energies, but initial edge oxidation of TaS2 should be observable by an asymmetry of the Ta 4f doublet towards higher binding energies.
Critical Steps in Data Management During a Crisis
Authors: Black Michele , Moncada Karla , Herstad Kyle
Published: November 2020

Data management is essential in a flow cytometry (FCM) shared resource laboratory (SRL) for the integrity of collected data and its long‐term preservation, as described in the Cytometry publication from 2016, ISAC Flow Cytometry Shared Resource Laboratory (SRL) Best Practices (Barsky et al.: Cytometry Part A 89A(2016): 1017–1030). The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic introduced an array of challenges in the operation of SRLs. The subsequent laboratory shutdowns and access restrictions brought to the forefront well‐established practices that withstood the impact of a sudden change in operations and illuminated areas that need improvement. The most significant challenges from a data management perspective were data access for remote analysis and workstation management. Notably, lessons learned from this challenge emphasize the importance of safeguarding collected data from loss in various emergencies such as fire or natural disasters where the physical hardware storing data could be directly affected. Here, we describe two data management systems that have been successful during the current emergency created by the pandemic, specifically remote access and automated data transfer. We will discuss other situations that could arise and lead to data loss or challenges in interpreting data. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Normal or reactive minor cell populations in bone marrow and peripheral blood mimic minimal residual leukemia by flow cytometry
Authors: Li Weijie , Morgan Ruth , Nieder Roxanne , Truong Sa , Habeebu Sahibu Sultan M. , Ahmed Atif A.
Published: November 2020

Background

Measurable residual disease (MRD) is a strong independent poor prognostic factor for acute leukemia. Multiparameter flow cytometry (FCM) is a commonly used MRD detection method. However, FCM MRD detection is not well standardized, and the interpretation is subjective. There are normal/reactive minor cell populations in bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB), which could be confused with MRD.

Methods

The FCM data of 231 BM and 44 PB pediatric samples performed in a recent 15‐month period were retrospectively reviewed. These samples were from 56 B‐lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) patients, 11 T‐lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) patients, 28 acute myeloid leukemia (AML)/myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients, 44 cytopenia/leukocytosis patients, and five patients with mycosis fungoides.

Results

There were over 10 normal or reactive minor cell populations identified with certain phenotypes mimicking MRD of acute leukemia. These mimickers included CD19+ NK cells, CD22+ basophils, CD22+ dendritic cells (DCs), and plasma cells for B‐ALL MRD; CD4/8 double‐negative T cells, CD4/8 double‐positive T cells, cytoplasmic CD3+ NK cells, CD2− T cells, CD7− T cells, CD5− gamma delta T cells, CD56+ NKT cells for T‐ALL MRD; CD33+ NK cells, CD117+ NK cells, basophils, plasmacytoid DCs, non‐classical monocytes, CD56+ and/or CD61+ monocytes for AML MRD.

Conclusions

These data confirm the presence of a variety of normal/reactive minor cell populations that could mimic MRD of acute leukemia by FCM. Recognizing these MRD mimickers is important for correct FCM MRD interpretation.
Experimentelle Ermittlung von Reibungsbeiwerten bei Steinstützkörpern aus Naturstein
Authors: Voit Klaus , Neyer Andreas , Schwenn Michael , Zeman Oliver
Published: November 2020

Böschungs‐, Ufer‐ und Sohlsicherungen aus Naturstein erfreuen sich als naturnahe konstruktive Maßnahmen zunehmender Beliebtheit. Hinsichtlich ihrer Wirkungsweise können Steinkonstruktionen unterschieden werden in (1) solche mit stützender Wirkung, welche durch Schlichten oder Setzen errichtet werden, und in (2) Steinkörper und Berollungen, deren Herstellung durch Schütten oder Werfen erfolgt und die rein durch ein Beschweren der Böschung wirken. Bei Steinstützkörpern handelt es sich generell um vergleichsweise flexible Konstruktionen, die Verformungen im Dezimeterbereich aufnehmen können. Dabei erfolgt die Kraftübertragung im unvermörtelten Zustand von Stein zu Stein bzw. bei Versetzen der Steine im Mörtelbett über die Mörtelfuge. Durch die Reibung bzw. Reibungskraft zwischen den Steinen bzw. Mörtel und Stein können Schubkräfte übertragen bzw. aufgenommen werden, die bspw. einem auftretenden Erddruck entgegenwirken.

Für Steinstützkörper gibt es bislang einige bestehende Ansätze für deren Bemessung, es wird jedoch nicht spezifisch auf den Nachweis der inneren Standsicherheit (Gleiten und Kippen in der Lagerfuge, mechanisches Steinversagen) eingegangen. Bei gegenständlichem Forschungsvorhaben wird versucht, Kennwerte für die Bemessung von Steinstützkörpern experimentell zu erfassen, um in einem nächsten Schritt Rückschlüsse auf die innere Standsicherheit von Steinstützkörpern ziehen zu können.
Achieving blood pressure targets and antihypertensive effects through metabolic surgery in type 2 diabetes patients with hypertension
Authors: Sun Fang , Zhou Xunmei , Li Qiang , Li Yingsha , Zhang Hexuan , Yan Zhencheng , He Hongbo , Zhao Zhigang , Ke Zhigang , Gao Yu , Li Fan , Tong Weidong , Zhu Zhiming
Published: November 2020

Short Summary

This was a prospective study of 535 diabetes patients who underwent metabolic surgery (n = 112) and medical treatment (n = 423). Metabolic surgery decreased both office systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and also significantly reduced ambulatory SBP (132 ± 2 vs. 119 ± 1 mmHg, p < 0.0001). Moreover, the rate of achieving the target SBP of 130 and 140 mmHg was also significantly higher in the surgery group. The defined daily dose of antihypertensive medication was significantly decreased in after surgery. Furthermore, metabolic surgery markedly improved the risks of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In conclusion, metabolic surgery can effectively achieve the BP target and improve multiple metabolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with hypertension.
Detection of intact insulin analogues in post‐mortem vitreous humour—Application to forensic toxicology casework
Authors: Beckett Nicola , Tidy Rebecca , Douglas Bianca , Priddis Colin
Published: November 2020

The application of proteomic techniques to forensic science widens the range of analytical capabilities available to forensic laboratories when answering complex toxicology problems. Currently, these techniques are underutilised in post‐mortem toxicology because of the historic focus on smaller (<1,000 amu) drug molecules. Definitive confirmation of an insulin overdose by analysis of post‐mortem biological matrices is rare and challenging, however can assist coronial investigations pertaining to accidental or intentional overdoses in both diabetic and nondiabetic populations. A semiautomated micro‐solid phase extraction paired with mass spectrometry‐based insulin methodology was developed and validated for routine use in a Forensic Coronial Toxicology Laboratory. This resulting work reports the first Australian cases where synthetic insulins were confirmed by mass spectrometry in the vitreous humour of Type 1 diabetics who intentionally or accidentally overdosed on their prescription medication glargine and aspart. The detection of glargine M1 in Case 1, aspart in Case 2 and glargine M1 was indicated in Case 3. This paper highlights advancements in forensic coronial toxicology and the promising potential of proteomic analysis in a forensic context.
Activation of WNT signaling restores the facial deficits in a zebrafish with defects in cholesterol metabolism
Authors: Castro Victoria L. , Reyes‐Nava Nayeli G. , Sanchez Brianna B. , Gonzalez Cesar G. , Paz David , Quintana Anita M.
Published: November 2020

Inborn errors of cholesterol metabolism occur as a result of mutations in the cholesterol synthesis pathway (CSP). Although mutations in the CSP cause a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome, craniofacial abnormalities are a hallmark phenotype associated with these disorders. Previous studies have established that mutation of the zebrafish hmgcs1 gene (Vu57 allele), which encodes the first enzyme in the CSP, causes defects in craniofacial development and abnormal neural crest cell (NCC) differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the products of the CSP disrupt NCC differentiation are not completely known. Cholesterol is known to regulate the activity of WNT signaling, an established regulator of NCC differentiation. We hypothesized that defects in cholesterol synthesis are associated with reduced WNT signaling, consequently resulting in abnormal craniofacial development. To test our hypothesis we performed a combination of pharmaceutical inhibition, gene expression assays, and targeted rescue experiments to understand the function of the CSP and WNT signaling during craniofacial development. We demonstrate reduced expression of four canonical WNT downstream target genes in homozygous carriers of the Vu57 allele and reduced axin2 expression, a known WNT target gene, in larvae treated with Ro‐48‐8071, an inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis. Moreover, activation of WNT signaling via treatment with WNT agonist I completely restored the craniofacial defects present in a subset of animals carrying the Vu57 allele. Collectively, these data suggest interplay between the CSP and WNT signaling during craniofacial development.
Extraction modeling, kinetics, and thermodynamics of solvent extraction of Irvingia gabonensis kernel oil, for possible industrial application
Authors: Agu Chinedu Matthew , Menkiti Matthew Chukwudi , Ohale Paschal Enyinnaya , Ugonabo Victor Ifeanyi
Published: November 2020

The effects of the temperature, time, and particle size, in addition to the kinetics and thermodynamics parameters, of Irvingia gabonensis kernel oil (IGKO) yield were investigated. The highest oil yield of 68.80% (by weight) was obtained at 55°C, 150 minutes, and 0.5 mm. The evaluated physicochemical properties of IGKO indicated that viscosity, acidity, dielectric strength, flash, and pour points were 19.37 mm2 s−1, 5.18 mg KOH g−1, 25.83 kV, 285°C, and 17°C, respectively, suggesting its feasibility as transformer fluid upon further treatments. Between the pseudo‐second order and hyperbolic kinetic models studied, the former best describes the experimental data. ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG values of IGKO extraction at 0.5 mm and 328 K were, 251.81 kJ mol−1, 1.08 kJ mol−1, and −105.49 kJ mol−1, respectively, indicating the endothermic, irreversible, and spontaneous nature of the process. The kinetic model equations that describe the process were successfully developed for both models based on the process parameters.