bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two novel TNB energetic cocrystals with low melting point: a potential strategy to construct melt cast explosive carriers
Authors: Qiao Shen , Wang Jianhua , Yu Yanwu , Liu Yucun , Yang Zongwei , Li Hongzhen
Published: April 2022

Two novel low melting-point cocrystals with high performances were obtained by cocrystallizing TNB with 1,4-DNI and DNMT, namely TNB/1,4-DNI (1) and TNB/DNMT (2).
Enhanced luminescence of single-benzene fluorescent molecules through halogen bond cocrystals
Authors: Yu Fei , Zhang Xiunan , Zhao Hongtu , Jiang Zhicheng , Wang Ting , Wang Na , Huang Xin , Zhou Lina , Hao Hongxun
Published: April 2022

The formation of mixed stacking mode in the halogen cocrystals weakens the π–π interactions between DMCAT molecules and suppresses the aggregation-induced quenching effect, which in turn leads to enhanced emission.
Hierarchical clustering analysis of hydrogen bond networks in aqueous solutions
Authors: Feng Yixuan , Fang Hongwei , Gao Yitian , Ni Ke
Published: April 2022

To understand the relation between the macroscopic properties and microscopic structure of hydrogen bond networks in solutions, we introduced a hierarchical clustering method to analyze the typical configurations of water clusters in this type of network.
Tackling antimicrobial stewardship through synergy and antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Greve Jenna M. , Cowan James A.
Published: April 2022

This review summarizes the most common mechanisms of antibiotic action and resistance, emphasizing antimicrobial peptides and focusing on emerging strategies and the role of antimicrobial synergy.
Label-free and reagent-less electrochemical detection of nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2: an ultrasensitive and disposable biosensor
Authors: Aydın Elif Burcu , Aydın Muhammet , Sezgintürk Mustafa Kemal
Published: April 2022

SARS-CoV-2 biosensor fabrication steps.
Highly dispersed palladium nanoclusters anchored on nanostructured hafnium(iv) oxide as highly efficient catalysts for the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction
Authors: Wu Xiaoxue , Lin Wenting , Wang Li , Li Nan , Tu Gaomei , Fu Yanghe , Chen De-Li , Zhu Weidong , Chen Guihua , Zhang Fumin
Published: April 2022

Pd@HfO2derivedviatwo-step pyrolysis of Pd@NH2-UiO-66(Hf) exhibited high catalytic activity for the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions.
Revisiting the synthesis of the benzothioxanthene imide five decades later
Authors: Josse Pierre , Morice Korentin , Puchán Sánchez Darío , Ghanem Tatiana , Boixel Julien , Blanchard Philippe , Cabanetos Clément
Published: April 2022

Updated synthesis of the BTI from cheap commercially available reactants in less than 4 hours owing to microwave irradiations through a two step and column-free procedure.
Synthesis of 2-[2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-(acyl)guanidino]ethylamine salts for convergent introduction of acyl guanidines
Authors: Boer Gareth E. , Hickey Shane M. , Elliott Alysha G. , Pfeffer Frederick M.
Published: April 2022

A series of acylguanidines with pre-installed ethylamino linkers are described that can be incorporated into larger structures through amide coupling.
Cost-effective carbon fiber precursor selections of polyacrylonitrile-derived blend polymers: carbonization chemistry and structural characterizations
Authors: Mao Qian , Rajabpour Siavash , Talkhoncheh Mahdi Khajeh , Zhu Jiadeng , Kowalik Malgorzata , van Duin Adri C. T.
Published: April 2022

PAN/CL-derived blend carbon fiber precursor eliminates oxidation and shows high carbon yield and potentially enhanced mechanical properties.
Catalytically active Rh species stabilized by zirconium and hafnium on zeolites
Authors: Song Yue , Zhang Tianjun , Bai Risheng , Zhou Yida , Li Lin , Zou Yongcun , Yu Jihong
Published: April 2022

Hafnium-assisted sintering resistant noble metal clusters on zeolite supports.
Efficient enantioselective synthesis of pyrazolines and isoxazolines enabled by an iridium-catalyzed intramolecular allylic substitution reaction
Authors: Hu Fang , Zhang Hua , Chu Yunpeng , Hui Xin-Ping
Published: April 2022

An efficient Ir-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular allylic substitution reaction of 2-tosylhydrazono or hydroxyimino carbonates for the synthesis of 5-, 6- and 7-membered heterocyclic compounds containing N–N and N–O bonds has been achieved.
Investigation of the excitations of plasmons and surface exciton polaritons in monoclinic gadolinium sesquioxide by electron energy-loss spectroscopy and plasmon spectroscopic imaging
Authors: Liou Sz-Chian , Oleshko Vladimir P. , Kuo W. Chun-Hsin , Yang Tan-Ju , Shu Guo-Jiun
Published: April 2022

The electronic excitations in m-Gd2O3 were systematically studied by low-loss EELS in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) mode and electron diffraction mode to gain both the spatial and momentum (q) resolutions.
Utilization of biowaste-derived catalysts for biodiesel production: process optimization using response surface methodology and particle swarm optimization method
Authors: Laskar Ikbal Bahar , Deshmukhya Tuhin , Biswas Aayushi , Paul Bappi , Changmai Bishwajit , Gupta Rajat , Chatterjee Sushovan , Rokhum Samuel Lalthazuala
Published: April 2022

In this study, banana flower petal ash has been considered as an effective catalyst in the transesterification to produce biodiesel from waste cooking oil.
A dynamic‐range self‐compensation technique in a noise shaping SAR ADC utilizing mismatch error shaping
Authors: Chen Zhijie , Li Hongyou , Jiang Mengqian , Zhu Sha , Wan Peiyuan
Published: April 2022

This letter proposes a dynamic‐range (DR) self‐compensation technique to compensate the 6‐dB DR loss caused by the utilization of 1‐MSB mismatch error shaping (MES) in a noise shaping (NS) successive‐approximation‐register ADC. The DR self‐compensation technique is realized by using an additional conversion to reduce the total input voltage in the analog domain, preventing overload effect in the conversion process. A compensation to the output binary code in the digital domain is also added to make the digital output match the analog input. The proposed DR self‐compensation technique can compensate 4.8 dB of the 6‐dB DR loss averagely.
Autonomous control of unmanned aerial vehicle for chemical detection using deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Byun Hyung Joon , Nam Hyunwoo
Published: April 2022

The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is a promising platform for remote chemical sensing to minimize human contact with toxic chemicals. Most previous studies in this field used predefined paths to search for areas based on sensor measurements at fixed points. However, operations on a predefined flight path are inefficient because in real‐life scenarios, gas dispersion is stochastic and unpredictable. Thus, a model‐free reinforcement‐learning approach using a deep Q‐network for autonomous UAV control is proposed. The UAV automatically selects its trajectory based on sensor measurements and GPS location data to map the contaminated area in real time. Path planning is simulated using Gaussian model‐based gas dispersion data and its feasibility in outdoor experiments using gas simulants is proved. This study provides guidelines for developing a model that can perform autonomous chemical detection and source localization using UAV.
Numerical simulation of the interfacial stress between epoxy resin and metal conductor of power equipment during epoxy curing
Authors: Wang Chuang , Zhou Gang , Sun Qing , Chen Chi , Zhang Zaiqin , Li Hui , Peng ZongRen
Published: April 2022

There are many metal and epoxy resin interfacial structures in power equipments, which can generate interfacial stress concentrations and may induce accidents due to epoxy curing. In this paper, through simplifying interface structure into a coaxial cylindrical model, the formation mechanism of interfacial stress concentration of this interface structure was studied during epoxy resin curing process. The strain and temperature at the interface were measured by the strain and temperature measurement system. Then a model for calculating the interface stress distribution was established, including the heat conduction module, curing dynamics module and curing deformation module. The validity of the model was verified by comparing the calculated results with the measured results. In addition, the air gap defects at the interface, appearing after the curing process, were simulated. The results show that, after the curing process, the first principal stress at the centre of the interface gradually increases from the centre to the edge, reaching 41.06 and 40.20 MPa at the upper and lower edges respectively. The existence of air gap leads to partial discharge at low voltage. The calculation model can be extended to the stress prediction between the metal and epoxy resin in other power equipments.
FSR‐SSL: A fault sample rebalancing framework based on semi‐supervised learning for PV fault diagnosis
Authors: Liu Qi , Wang Xinyi , Yang Bo , Wang Zhaojian , Liu Yuxiang , Guan Xinping
Published: April 2022

Photovoltaics face the threat of many potential faults in daily operation, which calls for accurate fault diagnosis to avoid huge economical losses. This paper investigates practical and troublesome scenarios, where the photovoltaics station has a large number of unlabeled samples and only a few are labelled. In the labelled set, the sample sizes of different types are unbalanced. To this end, a new fault sample rebalancing framework based on semi‐supervised learning (FSR‐SSL) is proposed. Specifically, a dual‐threshold selection mechanism is proposed to choose trusted pseudo‐label samples from unlabeled data to expand the training set. Moreover, a fault sample rebalancing strategy is designed to further filter the obtained trusted pseudo‐label samples, thereby flexibly adding different amounts of pseudo‐label data to various types. As the training rounds increase, the fault samples are gradually rebalanced and the model learning bias caused by type imbalance is well overcome. The extensive numerical experiments show that the proposed FSR‐SSL method reaches 99% accuracy. Compared with existing methods, the accuracy is increased by up to 33%.
A modified between‐receiver single‐difference‐based fault detection and exclusion algorithm for real‐time kinematic positioning
Authors: Gao Yuting , Gao Yang , Jiang Yang , Liu Baoyu
Published: April 2022

With the increasing number of available satellites from multi‐global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and their applications in complicated environments, an increased number of faults in measurements are inevitable. Fault detection and exclusion (FDE) is an effective way to reject observation faults in order to guarantee the integrity of a GNSS positioning and navigation system. We propose a modified between‐receiver single‐differencing (SD)‐based FDE algorithm for real‐time kinematic (RTK) positioning. First, a modified between‐receiver SD model‐based FDE is proposed for testing the estimated float ambiguities. This is helpful in rejecting observations with unreliable float ambiguities and obtaining reliable double‐differencing (DD) integer ambiguities, denoted as the SD float model in the sequel. Second, DD ambiguities are resolved by the DD model and used to update the previous SD float ambiguity. After that, a modified SD fix model, taking the DD ambiguities as the known parameters, is further developed to detect any unreliable or fault‐resolved ambiguities. To verify the modified SD model‐based FDE algorithm, a kinematic vehicle test is conducted. The fault detection test statistics of the SD float model and the SD fix model, time‐to‐first‐fix, ambiguity‐fix rate, SD residuals, and positioning performances are examined. The results show that the modified FDE method can detect and exclude fault satellites accurately and effectively, which is verified by the SD residuals of fault satellites. The ambiguity‐fix rate of the proposed modified FDE algorithm is improved by approximately 3% with 70 more epochs of fixes. Regarding the 3D positioning performance, the modified proposed SD‐based FDE algorithm can achieve 54.11%, 57.78%, and 73.11% improvements for standard deviation, root mean square, and mean bias, respectively, when compared with the processing strategy without the use of the proposed FDE.
SRAS‐net: Low‐resolution chromosome image classification based on deep learning
Authors: Liu Xiangbin , Fu Lijun , Chun‐Wei Lin Jerry , Liu Shuai
Published: April 2022

Prenatal karyotype diagnosis is important to determine if the foetus has genetic diseases and some congenital diseases. Chromosome classification is an important part of karyotype analysis, and the task is tedious and lengthy. Chromosome classification methods based on deep learning have achieved good results, but if the quality of the chromosome image is not high, these methods cannot learn image features well, resulting in unsatisfactory classification results. Moreover, the existing methods generally have a poor effect on sex chromosome classification. Therefore, in this work, the authors propose to use a super‐resolution network, Self‐Attention Negative Feedback Network, and combine it with traditional neural networks to obtain an efficient chromosome classification method called SRAS‐net. The method first inputs the low‐resolution chromosome images into the super‐resolution network to generate high‐resolution chromosome images and then uses the traditional deep learning model to classify the chromosomes. To solve the problem of inaccurate sex chromosome classification, the authors also propose to use the SMOTE algorithm to generate a small number of sex chromosome samples to ensure a balanced number of samples while allowing the model to learn more sex chromosome features. Experimental results show that our method achieves 97.55% accuracy and is better than state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Polynomial expansion of the star formation history in galaxies
Authors: Jiménez-López D. , Corcho-Caballero P. , Zamora S. , Ascasibar Y.
Published: April 2022

Context. There are typically two different approaches to inferring the mass formation history (MFH) of a given galaxy from its luminosity in different bands. Non-parametric methods are known for their flexibility and accuracy, while parametric models are more computationally efficient.

Aims. In this work we propose an alternative, based on a polynomial expansion around the present time, that combines the advantages of both techniques.

Methods. In our approach, the MFH is decomposed through an orthonormal basis of N polynomials in lookback time. To test the proposed framework, synthetic observations are generated from models based on common analytical approximations (exponential, delayed-τ, and Gaussian star formation histories), as well as cosmological simulations for the Illustris-TNG suite. A normalized distance is used to measure the quality of the fit, and the input MFH is compared with the polynomial reconstructions both at the present time and through cosmic evolution. Our polynomial expansion is also compared with widely used parametric and non-parametric methods such as CIGALE and PROSPECTOR.

Results. The observed luminosities are reproduced with an accuracy of around 10 per cent for a constant star formation rate (N = 1) and better for higher-order polynomials. Our method provides good results on the reconstruction of the total stellar mass, the star formation rate, and even its first derivative for smooth star formation histories, but it has difficulties in reproducing variations on short timescales and/or star formation histories that peak at the earliest times of the Universe.

Conclusions. The polynomial expansion appears to be a promising alternative to other analytical functions used in parametric methods, combining both speed and flexibility.
Resektionsstrategien beim BD-IPMN - Enukleation oder onkologische Resektion?
Authors: Pergolini Ilaria , Friess Helmut , Demir Ihsan Ekin
Published: April 2022

Hintergrund Das maligne Potenzial und die chirurgische Behandlung intraduktaler papillärer muzinöser Neoplasien der Seitengänge der Bauchspeicheldrüse (BD-IPMNs) bleiben umstritten.
Die Enukleation (EN) als parenchymsparende Resektion des Pankreas kann eine wertvolle Alternative zu Standardresektionen (SR), z. B. Whipple oder distale Pankreatektomie, für die Behandlung
von BD-IPMNs darstellen, ihre Rolle ist jedoch noch unzureichend definiert. Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist es, Indikationen und postoperative Ergebnisse nach Pankreas-Enukleation im
Vergleich zur Standardresektion (SR) zu vergleichen.

Methoden Es wurde eine selektive Literaturrecherche durchgeführt. Die postoperativen Kurz- und Langzeitergebnisse beider Operationsverfahren wurden ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Die EN ist im Vergleich zur SR mit einer kürzeren Operationszeit und einem geringeren Blutverlust verbunden. Die chirurgische Gesamtmorbidität unterscheidet sich nicht
zwischen den beiden Verfahren. Obwohl die EN weniger invasiv ist, stellt die Entwicklung einer Pankreasfistel die häufigste Komplikation nach EN dar, und in mehreren Studien wird über eine
höhere Rate an Pankreasfisteln nach EN als nach SR berichtet. Die Unterschiede, bezogen auf die Pankreasfistel, werden zwischen den beiden Verfahren in High-Volume-Zentren abgemildert. Die
EN ermöglicht im Vergleich zur SR öfter den Erhalt der exokrinen und endokrinen Funktion der Bauchspeicheldrüse, dies ist der wichtigste Vorteil dieses Verfahrens.

Schlussfolgerungen Die EN scheint eine sichere und wirksame Alternative in der Behandlung der Seitengang-IPMN mit geringem Risiko zu sein, die den Erhalt der endokrinen und exokrinen
Funktion ermöglicht. Außerdem sind die postoperativen Komplikationen und Rezidivraten nach EN vergleichbar mit den wesentlich umfangreicheren chirurgischen Verfahren. Die EN der
Bauchspeicheldrüse sollte jedoch von erfahrenen Chirurgen durchgeführt werden. Da es sich um ein nicht onkologisches Verfahren handelt, muss die Auswahl der Patienten sehr genau erfolgen,
was die Bedeutung der Behandlung in Einrichtungen mit hohem Patientenaufkommen unterstreicht.
Suizidpräventive Effekte von Ketamin und Esketamin
Authors: Plöderl Martin , Hengartner Michael P. , Volkmann Constantin
Published: April 2022

Ketamin und Esketamin werden als rasch und stark wirksame Mittel zur Reduktion von Depressivität und Suizidalität beschrieben. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick zur Wirksamkeit von Ketamin und Esketamin zur Reduktion von suizidalen Gedanken und Handlungen, basierend auf randomisierten kontrollierten Studien, die bis Dezember 2021 publiziert wurden. Für Ketamin gibt es Hinweise für eine beträchtliche Reduktion von Suizidgedanken, aber nur in den ersten 3 Tagen und die tatsächliche Effektstärke ist aufgrund der Schätzunsicherheit ungewiss. Für suizidale Handlungen fehlen zudem Daten. Die wenigen, aber qualitativ hochwertigeren Studien zu Esketamin fanden bestenfalls schwache Effekte bezüglich Suizidgedanken, auch unter Berücksichtigung der Schätzunsicherheit, und für suizidale Handlungen können keine gesicherten Aussagen getroffen werden. Das Nutzen-Schaden-Verhältnis von Ketamin und Esketamin in der Suizidprävention ist deshalb ungewiss.
Inzidenz, Behandlung und Überleben beim Pankreaskarzinom – Daten der bundesweiten onkologischen Qualitätskonferenz aus chirurgischer Perspektive
Authors: Deichmann Steffen , Dworschak Oliver , Kulemann Birte , Höppner Jens , Bolm Louisa , Klinkhammer-Schalke Monika , Zeissig Sylke Ruth , Kleihus van Tol Kees , Braun Ruediger , Lapshyn Hryhoriy , Keck Tobias , Wellner Ulrich Friedrich , Honselmann Kim Christin
Published: April 2022

Hintergrund In den letzten Jahren haben sich Veränderungen in der Behandlung des duktalen Pankreaskarzinoms bezüglich der multimodalen Therapie und auch der chirurgischen Therapie
ergeben. Diese Veränderungen sind bisher noch nicht in großen landesweiten Studien in Deutschland untersucht worden. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen ersten Überblick aus chirurgischer
Perspektive über die Entwicklungen in Diagnose, Therapie und Überleben des Pankreaskarzinoms innerhalb der letzten 19 Jahre in Deutschland.

Methoden In dieser Kohorte aus 18 klinischen Krebsregistern Deutschlands wurden Patienten mit Diagnose eines duktalen Pankreaskarzinoms von 2000–2018 eingeschlossen. Die Patienten
wurden nach Diagnosejahren (2000–2009 vs. 2010–2018) und nach Behandlungsmodalitäten aufgeteilt und verglichen.

Ergebnisse In der Kohorte von ca. 48000 Patienten mit duktalem Pankreaskarzinom zeigte sich eine Erhöhung der Zahl der Neuerkrankungen von ca. 18000 auf 30000 Patienten in den beiden
10-Jahres-Abschnitten. Das mediane Gesamtüberleben stieg marginal, aber statistisch signifikant von 7,1 auf 7,9 Monate (p < 0,001). Die Resektionsrate erhöhte sich von 25% auf 32%, wobei
sich der Anteil der Patienten, für die keine spezifische Therapie gemeldet wurde, um 11% senkte. Auch die Rate an palliativer Chemotherapie und neoadjuvanter Chemotherapie erhöhte sich von
16% auf 20% der Patienten bzw. von unter 1% auf 2% der Patienten. Das mediane Überleben in den kurativ behandelten Subgruppen betrug bis zu 24 Monate.

Zusammenfassung Die Krebsregisterdaten scheinen den bekannten Anstieg der Inzidenz des Pankreaskarzinoms in der westlichen Welt zu bestätigen. Resektionsraten sowie die Raten an
Behandlung in neoadjuvanter sowie palliativer Intention erhöhten sich ebenfalls. Das Gesamtüberleben aller Patienten mit einem duktalen Pankreaskarzinom verlängerte sich allerdings nur
marginal. In Subgruppen von Patienten, die in kurativer Intention behandelt wurden, zeigten sich jedoch mitunter deutlich längere Überlebenszeiten.
Evidenz für neoadjuvante Chemotherapie beim resektablen Pankreaskarzinom
Authors: Nießen Anna , Büchler Markus W. , Hackert Thilo
Published: April 2022

Das Pankreaskarzinom entwickelt sich aktuell zur zweithäufigsten Krebstodesursache im Jahr 2030. Auch wenn das 5-Jahres-Überleben nach wie vor schlecht ist, wurden in den vergangenen 2
Jahrzehnten relevante Fortschritte in der Therapie erzielt. Der Einsatz effektiver adjuvanter Chemotherapien nach Resektion hat das Überleben deutlich verlängert, daneben hat die
neoadjuvante Therapie dazu beigetragen, bei Tumoren mit initial grenzwertiger Resektabilität oder lokal fortgeschrittener Situation eine sekundäre Operation zu ermöglichen.

Die aktuelle Kontroverse dreht sich um die Frage der neoadjuvanten Therapie in sowohl resektablen als auch grenzwertig resektablen Situationen, während Einigkeit bezüglich der Anwendung
neoadjuvanter Therapiestrategien bei irresektablen Tumoren besteht. Trotz aktuell rekrutierender als auch einiger kürzlich publizierter Studien bleiben die Daten mit hohem Evidenzgrad auf
diesem Gebiet spärlich. Eines der Hauptprobleme ist hierbei die Definition von Resektabilität, die traditionsgemäß anhand anatomischer Kriterien eingeschätzt wird. In den letzten Jahren ist
allerdings klar geworden, dass diese Definition sowohl die Tumorbiologie als auch die patientenbezogenen Prognosefaktoren zu wenig in Betracht zieht. Ein zweites Problem stellt die
Standardisierung der neoadjuvanten Therapieprotokolle dar. Im Gegensatz zum adjuvanten Setting, in dem große randomisiert-kontrollierte Studien klare Standards vorgeben, werden weltweit
verschiedenste neoadjuvante Protokolle verwendet.

Es gibt daher aktuell keine klare Empfehlung, welches Therapieprotokoll für welchen Patienten im neoadjuvanten Setting gewählt werden sollte. Des Weiteren ist die Erfolgskontrolle nach
neoadjuvanter Therapie nicht klar definiert, und häufig ist der Verlauf von CA 19–9 als der am häufigsten verwendete Tumormarker das Einzige, was bei der klinischen Beurteilung hilft,
insbesondere in Anbetracht der Tatsache, dass die Bildgebung nur selten das tatsächliche Tumoransprechen abbildet.

In Bezug auf die aktuellen Leitlinien sollten Patienten mit resektablen Tumoren nicht außerhalb von Studien neoadjuvant therapiert werden, während die Empfehlungen für grenzwertig
resektable Befunde länder- und fachgesellschaftsspezifisch variieren.

Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst den gegenwärtigen Stand der Literatur zur neoadjuvanten Therapie des Pankreaskarzinoms zusammen und legt dabei einen Schwerpunkt auf das Vorgehen in der primär
resektablen Situation.
Patient Decisions Regarding Fetal Monitoring in the Periviable Period and Perinatal and Maternal Outcomes
Authors: Swanson Kate , Kramer Katelin , Jain Samhita , Rogers Elizabeth E. , Rosenstein Melissa G.
Published: April 2022

Objective Management of delivery at periviable gestation requires complex counseling and decision making, including difficult choices about monitoring and potential cesarean delivery (CD) for fetal benefit. Our objective was to characterize decisions that patients make regarding fetal monitoring and potential CD for fetal benefit when delivering in the periviable period, and associations with perinatal and obstetric outcomes. We hypothesize that a significant number of patients forgo monitoring and potential CD for fetal benefit in the periviable period when offered the opportunity to do so.

Study Design Retrospective cohort study of nonanomalous singleton pregnancies delivering between 230/7 and 256/7 weeks at a tertiary care center from 2015 to 2020 as based on our institutional clinical practice. Since 2015, these patients are offered the ability to accept or decline fetal monitoring, potential CD for fetal benefit, and active resuscitation of a liveborn neonate. The frequency of patients desiring potential CD for fetal benefit was identified, and associations with CD and intrapartum demise were analyzed.

Results Fifty subjects were included. Seventy-eight percent (n = 39) desired monitoring and potential CD for fetal benefit, and 84% (n = 42) desired resuscitation if the neonate was born alive. This varied by gestational age: 55% (6/11) of patients delivering between 230/7 and 236/7 weeks desired fetal monitoring and potential CD for fetal benefit, while 90% (19/21) of patients delivering between 250/7 and 256/7 weeks desired fetal monitoring and potential CD for fetal benefit (p = 0.02). Sixty-nine percent of pregnancies in which potential CD for fetal benefit was desired resulted in CD (27/39), of which 85% were classical (23/27). Intrapartum fetal demise occurred in 45% (5/11) of pregnancies in which monitoring was not performed.

Conclusion While a majority of patients delivering between 230/7 and 256/7 weeks desired monitoring and potential CD for fetal benefit, this varied significantly by gestational age. The decision to perform monitoring and potential CD for fetal benefit was associated with a high frequency of CD, while the decision to forgo monitoring was associated with high frequency of intrapartum demise.

Key Points
Thermodynamic-Dominated Stereoselective Gridization of Molecular Nanolinkage Based on Fluorenes
Authors: Wei Ying , Wang Sha-Sha , Xie Ling-Hai , Li Xiao-Yan , Lin Dong-Qing , Xu Yun-Shan , Li Yang , Zhou Ping , Peng Ai-Zhong , Wang Hong-Jian , Yan Yong-Xia , Shi Wen-Jing
Published: April 2022

The path-selectivity and stereoselectivity of gridization pathways into fluorene-based drawing hand grids (DHGs-F) are precisely modulated through tuning acid conditions and side-chain effects. BF3·OEt2 supports the realization of the gridization path (rac-DHG1-F, yield: 82%, meso-DHG1-F, yield: 11%). On the contrary, CF3SO3H will lead to the enhancements in polymerization pathways (about 85% yield). When the side chain is a methoxyl group, rac-DHG1-F and meso-DHG1-F will be obtained. However, when the side chain is a group without an oxygen atom, only rac-DHGs-F can be obtained (de = 100%). Moreover, through excitonic physical properties, rac-DHGs-F exhibits a more π-electronic delocalization, potentially serving as the intriguing tactic strategy to modulate the optoelectronic properties.
Kinetic Resolution of dl-Hydrobenzoins Catalyzed by Copper(II) Complexes of C 2-Symmetric Thiophene-Derived Ligands
Authors: Reiser Oliver , Vilaivan Tirayut , Mansawat Woraluk , Yukhet Phanomsak , Bhanthumnavin Worawan
Published: April 2022

C 2-Symmetrical chiral amino alcohol ligands with a central thiophene moiety were shown to be effective in combination with CuCl2 for the asymmetric acylation of dl-hydrobenzoins. In contrast to previously developed chiral ligands, readily available acetyl chloride and acetic anhydride can be used as reagents, in addition to benzoyl chloride, giving rise to the corresponding monoacylated products in up to 99% ee (S = 532).
Expedient Access to Indolyl-Substituted Tri- and Diarylmethanes and (±)-Colletotryptin E by Silica Sulfuric Acid Catalyzed Transindolylation
Authors: Jaratjaroonphong Jaray , Yimyaem Jirapat , Chantana Chayamon , Boonmee Suthimon
Published: April 2022

An expedient access to a series of nonsymmetrical bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs) through transindolylation of readily available symmetrical 3,3′-BIMs with various indoles catalyzed by silica-supported sulfuric acid has been established. This approach not only provides a useful strategy for the synthesis of structurally diverse BIMs, but also provides examples of nucleophilic substitution of BIMs with aromatic and nonaromatic π-systems, leading to a library of indolyl-substituted tri- and diarylmethanes. Moreover, this method was successfully applied in the first total synthesis of the 2,3′-BIM alkaloid (±)-colletotryptin E in three steps with an overall yield of 46%. The features of this procedure include a metal-free process, an inexpensive and environmentally friendly catalyst, mild reaction conditions, broad functional-group tolerance, good yields, and gram-scalable preparations.
Analysis of Myelomalacia and Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Ossification as Prognostic Factors in Patients with Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy Submitted to Laminoplasty
Authors: Antikievicz Desirée Elizabeth Pasqualetto , Rossi Giulio Bartié , Maldaun Marcos Vinicius Calfatt , Gripp Daniel , Marchi Cassiano de , Sousa Luiz Vinícius de Alcantara , Aguiar Paulo Henrique Pires de
Published: April 2022

Background Cervical spondylotic myelopathy is a degenerative disease of the intervertebral disc and the vertebral body of the spine that causes cervical spinal cord injury due to central vertebral canal stenosis. Its prevalence is higher in the elderly. Treatment is usually surgical when the spinal cord is affected either clinically with pyramidal release or radiologically with the altered spinal cord.

Objective The goal of the present study is to analyze the myelomalacia and the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament as prognostic factors in the postoperative evolution of patients with cervical canal compression who underwent laminoplasty with the open- or French-door techniques.

Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 18 surgical cases of spondylotic cervical myelopathy of the same senior neurosurgeon, using the chi-squared test to analyze prognostic factors for patients' postoperative evolution in the Nurick scale, after open-door or French-door laminoplasty.

Findings The comparison between the pre and postoperative showed an improvement of 71.43% in cases that did not have ligament ossification compared with 45.45% of cases that presented posterior longitudinal ligament ossification. Also, there was a better prognosis in patients without myelomalacia, as 71.43% of them improved their condition against only 45.45% of improvement in those with myelomalacia.

Conclusion There is a need for further studies with larger samples to expressively prove that the presence of longitudinal ligament ossification and the previous presence of myelomalacia are factors that can lead to worse prognosis in the postoperative evolution of patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy submitted to laminoplasty.
Openness in donor conception families
Authors: Macmillan Caitlin M.
Published: April 2022

Dempsey, Nordqvist and Kelly’s recent publication in BioSocieties highlights the complexity of disclosure in donor conception, which is legally, ethically, and morally challenging. However, contemporary society means that donor-conceived people’s awareness of their conception history can no longer be controlled by their parents. Late, accidental, and non-parent disclosure is becoming more prevalent and can be distressing. Research has consistently found that openness in donor conception families from an early age is optimal, and that disclosure positively impacts rather than threatens family relationships. Despite this, disclosure can be difficult for parents, particularly if they perceive an unsupportive social context. Both donor conception and adoption literature has found more positive outcomes among disclosing families compared to non-disclosing families and interestingly, parents who have chosen to disclose have not reported regret. This response briefly discussed these important considerations and also notes some instances of inaccurate reporting and misleading information in their article.
Economic losses from COVID-19 cases in the Philippines: a dynamic model of health and economic policy trade-offs
Authors: de Lara-Tuprio Elvira P. , Estuar Maria Regina Justina E. , Sescon Joselito T. , Lubangco Cymon Kayle , Castillo Rolly Czar Joseph T. , Teng Timothy Robin Y. , Tamayo Lenard Paulo V. , Macalalag Jay Michael R. , Vedeja Gerome M.
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic forced governments globally to impose lockdown measures and mobility restrictions to curb the transmission of the virus. As economies slowly reopen, governments face a trade-off between implementing economic recovery and health policy measures to control the spread of the virus and to ensure it will not overwhelm the health system. We developed a mathematical model that measures the economic losses due to the spread of the disease and due to different lockdown policies. This is done by extending the subnational SEIR model to include two differential equations that capture economic losses due to COVID-19 infection and due to the lockdown measures imposed by the Philippine government. We then proceed to assess the trade-off policy space between health and economic measures faced by the Philippine government. The study simulates the cumulative economic losses for 3 months in 8 scenarios across 5 regions in the country, including the National Capital Region (NCR), to capture the trade-off mechanism. These scenarios present the various combinations of either retaining or easing lockdown policies in these regions. Per region, the trade-off policy space was assessed through minimising the 3-month cumulative economic losses subject to the constraint that the average health-care utilisation rate (HCUR) consistently falls below 70%, which is the threshold set by the government before declaring that the health system capacity is at high risk. The study finds that in NCR, a policy trade-off exists where the minimum cumulative economic losses comprise 10.66% of its Gross Regional Domestic Product. Meanwhile, for regions that are non-adjacent to NCR, a policy that hinges on trade-off analysis does not apply. Nevertheless, for all simulated regions, it is recommended to improve and expand the capacity of the health system to broaden the policy space for the government in easing lockdown measures.
Effects of dynamic disorder on thermoelectric transport in soft materials
Authors: Birch Shantonio W. , Pipe Kevin P.
Published: April 2022

A model is developed that accounts for the effects of thermal disorder (both static and dynamic) in predicting the thermoelectric (TE) performance of weakly bonded semiconductors. With dynamic disorder included, the model is found to fit well with experimental results found in the literature for the density-of-states and the energy-dependent carrier mobility, which are key for assessing TE properties. The model is then used to analyze the concentration-dependent TE properties of the prototypical small molecular semiconductor rubrene. At low (e.g., intrinsic) carrier concentrations, where Fermi level pinning occurs, dynamic disorder is found to reduce electrical conductivity (σ), Seebeck coefficient (S), and thermoelectric power factor (PF) to values that are much lower than those traditionally predicted by static disorder models. As carrier concentration (p) increases, S exhibits nonlinear behavior, increasing well above the conventional S vs log(p) relationship before reaching a peak value (Speak∼1550μV/K). A critical carrier concentration (pcrit.≈4.299×10−4 molar ratio) is observed near Speak at which thermoelectric transport transitions from trap-limited behavior at low concentrations to conventional band behavior at high concentrations. Above this value, σ and PF are reduced compared to the perfect crystal and static-only conditions, causing a drop in the maximum PF by factors of 3 and 2.3, respectively. This PF reduction, while not as large as the PF reduction that occurs for low carrier concentration, is found to occur in a high concentration regime (p>pcrit.) that contains the PF maximum and has remained inaccessible to experimentalists due to dopant limitations that are worsened in the presence of dynamic disorder.
The semilinear elliptic equations with double weighted critical exponents
Authors: Wang Cong , Su Jiabao
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we focus on the equation with double weighted critical exponents, including Hardy–Sobolev, Sobolev, and Hénon–Sobolev critical exponents. Applying the Nehari manifold and the mountain pass theorem, we prove the existence of the ground state solutions for the equation in RN. Based on this fact, the positive solutions of the equation on the unit ball in RN are established.
Matryoshka and disjoint cluster synchronization of networks
Authors: Nazerian Amirhossein , Panahi Shirin , Leifer Ian , Phillips David , Makse Hernán A. , Sorrentino Francesco
Published: April 2022

The main motivation for this paper is to characterize network synchronizability for the case of cluster synchronization (CS), in an analogous fashion to Barahona and Pecora [Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 054101 (2002)] for the case of complete synchronization. We find this problem to be substantially more complex than the original one. We distinguish between the two cases of networks with intertwined clusters and no intertwined clusters and between the two cases that the master stability function is negative either in a bounded range or in an unbounded range of its argument. Our proposed definition of cluster synchronizability is based on the synchronizability of each individual cluster within a network. We then attempt to generalize this definition to the entire network. For CS, the synchronous solution for each cluster may be stable, independent of the stability of the other clusters, which results in possibly different ranges in which each cluster synchronizes (isolated CS). For each pair of clusters, we distinguish between three different cases: Matryoshka cluster synchronization (when the range of the stability of the synchronous solution for one cluster is included in that of the other cluster), partially disjoint cluster synchronization (when the ranges of stability of the synchronous solutions partially overlap), and complete disjoint cluster synchronization (when the ranges of stability of the synchronous solutions do not overlap).
Janus functional thermal metadevice with predictable thermal rotation
Authors: Su Yishu , Zhang Xingwei , Sun Yuguo , Xiong Jian
Published: April 2022

The Janus thermal metadevice, which displays path-dependent functionalities, has received growing attention. However, the previous design of a metadevice with Janus features required a complex anisotropic parameter arrangement and challenging fabrication realizations, which inevitably resulted in overmuch thermal contact resistance. Using natural inclusion iteration, we present a bilayer Janus thermal metadevice with isotropic geometry and homogenous parameters that exhibit thermal concentration on the x-axis and thermal cloak on the y-axis. The proof-of-concept experimental results unambiguously demonstrate the path-dependent functionality, which was achieved by the compact bilayer structure of thermal diffusion media. Additionally, a metadevice with configurable anisotropic parameters can exhibit predictable thermal rotation functions in additional directions.
Polariton relaxation under vibrational strong coupling: Comparing cavity molecular dynamics simulations against Fermi’s golden rule rate
Authors: Li Tao E. , Nitzan Abraham , Subotnik Joseph E.
Published: April 2022

Under vibrational strong coupling (VSC), the formation of molecular polaritons may significantly modify the photo-induced or thermal properties of molecules. In an effort to understand these intriguing modifications, both experimental and theoretical studies have focused on the ultrafast dynamics of vibrational polaritons. Here, following our recent work [Li et al., J. Chem. Phys. 154, 094124 (2021)], we systematically study the mechanism of polariton relaxation for liquid CO2 under a weak external pumping. Classical cavity molecular dynamics (CavMD) simulations confirm that polariton relaxation results from the combined effects of (i) cavity loss through the photonic component and (ii) dephasing of the bright-mode component to vibrational dark modes as mediated by intermolecular interactions. The latter polaritonic dephasing rate is proportional to the product of the weight of the bright mode in the polariton wave function and the spectral overlap between the polariton and dark modes. Both these factors are sensitive to parameters such as the Rabi splitting and cavity mode detuning. Compared to a Fermi’s golden rule calculation based on a tight-binding harmonic model, CavMD yields a similar parameter dependence for the upper polariton relaxation lifetime but sometimes a modest disagreement for the lower polariton. We suggest that this disagreement results from polariton-enhanced molecular nonlinear absorption due to molecular anharmonicity, which is not included in our analytical model. We also summarize recent progress on probing nonreactive VSC dynamics with CavMD.
Quantum Lyapunov exponents and complex spacing ratios: Two measures of dissipative quantum chaos
Authors: Yusipov I. I. , Ivanchenko M. V.
Published: April 2022

The agenda of dissipative quantum chaos is to create a toolbox that would allow us to categorize open quantum systems into “chaotic” and “regular” ones. Two approaches to this categorization have been proposed recently. One of them is based on the spectral properties of generators of open quantum evolution. The other one utilizes the concept of Lyapunov exponents to analyze quantum trajectories obtained by unraveling this evolution. By using two quantum models, we relate the two approaches and try to understand whether there is an agreement between the corresponding categorizations. Our answer is affirmative.
Formation of black phosphorus quantum dots via shock-induced phase transformation
Authors: Qiao Jinchao , Gao Xin , Zhou Qiang , Liu Jianjun , Zhong Longhai , Chen Pengwan
Published: April 2022

Black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) have recently obtained great attention owing to their outstanding properties, such as high hole mobility, quantum confinement effect, and edge effect. At present, several methods have been applied to prepare BPQDs using black phosphorus as precursor. In this study, BPQDs are obtained via shock-induced phase transformation using ball-milled red phosphorus nanopowder as precursor. The red phosphorus powder was ball-milled and shocked to induce phase transformation at transient high pressure and temperature. Multiple techniques are applied to characterize the recovered samples, including x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscope. The characterization results demonstrate that the majority of recovered sample is BPQDs with a lateral size of 2–10 nm and a thickness of 0.9–2 nm. In addition, the formation mechanism of BPQDs under shock treatment was carefully analyzed, consisting of phase transformation induced by shock loading and exfoliation by tensile and shear effects. Furthermore, this study also confirms that the micromorphology of precursor is critical to the formation of BPQDs. This research provides an efficient one-step path to prepare BPQDs using ball-milled red phosphorus nanopowder as precursor.
Qualification of uniform large area multidipolar ECR hydrogen plasma
Authors: Colina-Delacqua L. , Redolfi M. , Ouaras K. , Naël-Redolfi J. , Bonnin X. , Michau A. , Hassouni K. , Lombardi G.
Published: April 2022

The design and characterization of a multi-dipolar microwave electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) hydrogen plasma reactor are presented. In this configuration, 16 ECR sources are disposed uniformly along the azimuthal direction at a constant distance from the center of a cylindrical reactor. Several plasma diagnostics have been used to determine key parameters such as neutral species temperature; electron density and temperature; and H+, H2+, and H3+ ion energy distributions. The experimental characterization is supported by electromagnetic and magnetostatic field simulations as well as Particle In-Cell Monte Carlo Collisions simulations to analyze the observed ion energy distribution functions. Especially, we show that both electron density and temperature are spatially uniform, i.e., 1011 cm−3 and 3 eV, respectively. This plasma enables generating ion flux and energy in the ranges 1019–1022 ions m−2 s−1 and few keVs, respectively. The H2+ ion distribution function shows two populations which were attributed to surface effects. These features make this reactor particularly suitable for studying hydrogen plasma surface interaction under controlled conditions.
Self-similar velocity and solid fraction profiles in silos with eccentrically located outlets
Authors: Bhateja Ashish , Jain Sahaj
Published: April 2022

We examine the gravity-induced flow of dry and cohesionless granular media through an outlet placed eccentrically in a planar silo, employing computations based on a soft-sphere discrete element method. The vertical velocity profiles, measured at the outlet, are self-similar when the eccentric position of an outlet is given in terms of the smallest gap (s) between its corners and the lateral walls. On the other hand, the self-similarity of vertical velocity does not always hold for all eccentricities (e) given by the distance between the centers of an outlet and the silo base, which is a typical metric of eccentricity. For the former measure of the eccentric location, the flow conditions are observed to be similar for different outlet sizes. In contrast, we observe, the latter leads to differing flow patterns for the highest eccentricity wherein the largest outlet touches the sidewall and the rest are located at a distance. The effect of using s on the self-similarity of solid fraction profiles is observed to be minor in comparison to e. This study establishes the importance of s compared to e from the viewpoint of the self-similarity of the vertical velocity profiles at the outlet and generalizes the notion of the scaling of velocity and solid fraction reported by Janda et al. [“Flow rate of particles through apertures obtained from self-similar density and velocity profiles,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 248001 (2012)] in a silo with a centric exit to the one with eccentric granular discharge. Finally, we propose expressions for the scaled vertical velocity and solid fraction in terms of s.