bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women and Sports: View from Stereotyping and Gender Differentials Perspectives
Authors: Khan Md. Mahfuzur Rahman
Published: June 2021

Sports are viewed as manly demesne, and this generalization brings about men seeing more noteworthy capacity and appending more prominent significance to the sport than women. Society foresees that men and women ought to get, have confidence in, and satisfy explicit gender differentials and stereotyping that have been set up. At the point when sexual orientation standards are disregarded, it is basic for names to be offered, inquiries to be posed, and individuals to be mocked. While "customary" gender stereotyping has remained genuinely consistent in the course of recent hundreds of years, they have likewise been tested and defied by numerous women and women's activists. One explicit region in which customary gender differentials have been assessed and dissected is sports and proactive tasks. In any creating field, for instance, the one that began as "women in sport," key advancements can be followed through the development of the language utilized and the ideas created to communicate new understandings. The current investigation has been attempted to target evaluating the contribution of women in sports in various fields. From the quantity of variables that impact women in sports, gender differentials and stereotyping have been chosen for this investigation. This investigation has uncovered that when correlations were made with their male partners, women athletes have been similarly solid and were discovered to be similarly skilled, inventive, creative and capable.
Study on Influence of Macro-trauma Injuries on the Psychology of a Sportsman
Authors: Khan Md. Mahfuzur Rahman , Khan Md. Wahidur Rahman , Basak Kona
Published: June 2021

This study presents the influence of macro trauma also known as a large-scale injury on the psychology of a sportsman, which may have been happening over some time going before the certified affirmation that injury is obvious. By macro trauma sports injury, individual, and social qualities, may compellingly affect the harmed sportsmen. Wounds, while ideally rare, are regularly an unavoidable piece of game support. While most macro-trauma injury wounds can be dealt with practically zero disturbance in-game support and different exercises of everyday living, some force a significant physical and mental weight. An idiopathic etiology where the purpose behind brokenness is dark may extend vibes of disappointment, shock, and distress, especially if the hurt contender cannot promptly the point of convergence of recuperation, besides, set conspicuous destinations. For the study of the cases, convenience sampling is applied for selecting focus-group participants and for interviews 40 were approached and asked for their participation according to their availability. The findings of the study stated that, for the sportspersons, the mental reaction to a macro trauma injury could trigger or expose genuine psychological wellness issues like melancholy, uneasiness, confused eating, and substance use or misuse. At the point when a sportsman is harmed, a typical passionate response incorporates preparing the clinical data about the injury given by the clinical group, just as adapting sincerely to the macro trauma injury.
Energy Development Initiatives of India and Thailand under BIMSTEC: Progress and Dynamics
Authors: Chaipala Aksaraphak
Published: June 2021

The oil crisis in the early 1980s has triggered the necessity of finding oil reserves among non - oil producing countries. India and Thailand are both oil consumption countries. Because of the rapid economic development and high vehicular fuel consumption, India has become one of the top five oil consumption countries in the world. Thailand though has less population but the demand for oil energy is still increasing. From the geopolitics perspective, Myanmar is country with abundant oil resource that located between Thailand and India, become a vital geo – economics subject for both countries. Bilateral cooperation, between India - Myanmar and Thailand-Myanmar attests the importance of Myanmar in both regards. By visiting Myanmar, India’s ministry of energy has strengthened the energy cooperation between India and Myanmar. Meanwhile, Thailand, as a natural gas consumer from both the Yadana and Yetakun, in the Gulf of Mottama or Arakan, Myanmar, has hiked up her import of natural gas from Myanmar. The agreements in the 1990s have resulted in the increase of oil imports to India and Thailand. The oil demand for both countries could lead India and Thailand into competitors. Thanks to the policy of energy cooperation between India and Thailand, their attempts are to build multilateral partnership in order to increase the capability to strengthen energy connectivity from Myanmar. By making the connectivity more convenient and efficient has led to the creation of BIMSTEC Gas Pipeline project. Myanmar as the energy leader in BIMSTEC has placed Thailand, Myanmar, India and others countries in the framework of cooperation. In the future energy will play an important role to strengthen the cooperation in BIMSTEC which highly oil consumption still continuously. This article aims to show that the cooperation like BIMSTEC can guarantee the energy dependence for Thailand and India in the future. It will also analyze their related policy formulation, such as the plan for an alternative energy security.
Comparative Analysis of the United States’ War on Drugs Policy in Mexico and Colombia: Failure and Success Factors
Authors: Hapsari Renitha Dwi , Ramadhanti Hendrina Nur Alifia , Putri Karenina Mutiara
Published: June 2021

Drug smuggling activities in the United States carried out by drug cartels from Mexico and Colombia contribute to the region's instabilities. Many threats and terrorist acts that accompanied the distribution of illegal drugs left civilians in fear. The War on Drugs policy promoted by the United States, which aims to apprehend drug cartels, causes severe losses in the long run. Colombia is the only successful case. On the other hand, Mexico offers a different story despite both are countries with unstable political and weak law enforcement. The paper conducts a comparative study on Colombia and Mexico to evaluate the factors that contribute to the success and failure behind the implementation of the War on Drugs policy. The paper concludes that an aggressive approach (i.e., military) is less efficient in combatting drug smuggling activities than the developmental approach (i.e., socio-economic development).
A PERCEPÇÃO DOS PROFISSIONAIS E ESTUDANTES DE CONTABILIDADE DO MATO GROSSO NO USO DO DASHBOARD
Authors: Cherobini Orth Arlete , Triches de Oliveira Brenda , Rodrigues Leonel Correa Jusceliany   , Blum da Silva  Presline , Juarez Melz Laércio
Published: June 2021

Nos últimos anos, o uso da tecnologia se expandiu por todas as esferas, profissões e setores de mercado. Diante disso, o estudo objetiva verificar as percepções dos estudantes e profissionais de contabilidade do Estado do Mato Grosso para a utilização do dashboard. Para tal, de junho a agosto de 2019, aplicou-se um questionário a 183 sujeitos, entre contadores, técnicos e estudantes de Contabilidade, sendo que a amostra válida é composta por 49 respondentes. Foram utilizados modelos de autores como embasamento para a identificação dos fatores que levam os profissionais a usar o dashboard. A pesquisa é classificada como estudo descritivo e aplicada, com abordagem qualitativa para análise dos dados coletados, os quais são provenientes de fonte primária. Por meio de estatística descritiva, verificou-se que os profissionais concordam que a utilização do dashboard traz benefícios, que vão desde o controle e monitoramento até a tomada de decisão para traçar metas estratégicas, resultando, principalmente, no desempenho organizacional, obtido a partir do aprimoramento do gerenciamento das informações. Dessa forma, é possível afirmar que, diante da maior presença da tecnologia na área contábil, os profissionais estão buscando ferramentas que tragam, além da facilidade, um diferencial competitivo no mercado empresarial.
A KORELASI ANTARA KESIAPAN BELAJAR DENGAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DI SMA NEGERI 5 LAHAT
Authors: Hartono Deni
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara kesiapan belajar dengan hasil belajar siswa mata pelajaran Geografi di SMA Negeri 5 Lahat. Metode penelitian ini yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif.Sehubungan dengan jumlah populasi yang kurang dari 100 orang, maka penelitian ini menggunakan sampel populasi sebagai sampel penelitian yaitu berjumlah 63 siswa.Teknik pengumpulan data digunakan yaitu dokumentasi dan angket.Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata skor kesiapan belajar siswa 79,66% pada kreteria sedang dan rata-rata hasil belajar siswa 82,86% pada kreteria baik. Pengujian hipotesis pada taraf kepercayaan 95% atau α 0,05 menunjukkan rxy = 0,9133> rt α 0,05 n= 63 = 0,249dan thitung > ttabel yaitu 34,12 > 1,999 berarti ada hubungan positif yang siginfikan antara kesiapan belajar siswa dengan hasil belajar siswa. Besar hub ungan antara kesiapan belajar dengan hasil belajar sebesar 91,33% atau dengan kriteria sangat tinggi. Jadi artinya terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kesiapan belajar dengan hasil belajar siswa di SMA Negeri 5 Lahat.

Kata kunci: Geografi; Hasil Belajar; Kesiapan Belajar
电力应急管理中的综合预测预警技术分析
Authors: 钱 杰
Published: June 2021

最近几年，电力需求不断增多，社会经济对电力系统稳定性、耐久性要求较高。但是电力系统服役期间，大面积停电事故随时都有发生的可能,对综合预测预警技术有着极强的依赖性，基于此，需要加大综合预警研究力度，立足电力应急管理现状以及根本要求,应用综合预测预警核心技术，完善预测预警系统，为电力系统安全提供高质量的保障。
衬砌混凝土技术在水利工程渠道施工中的应用
Authors: 齐 江朋
Published: June 2021

近年来，在多方面利好因素的影响下，我国综合国力得到了显著的提升，从而为水利工程行业的发展壮大带来了诸多的机遇。尽管我国土地面积辽阔，但是因为人口数量较多所以导致土地人均占有量相对较少，所以为了确保社会和谐稳定发展，我们还需要加大力度推动整个农业生产行业的快速发展，这样就对水利工程项目提出了更高的要求。我国国土面积较为辽阔，各个地区地质结构情况以及环境情况都存在明显的差别，在实施水利工程渠道建造施工工作的时候，会受到外界多方面因素的影响，无法切实的对整个工程施工质量加以保证，针对上述问题可以在实施水利工程施工建造工作的过程中，合理的将最先进的施工技术加以运用，从而切实的提升水利工程的整体施工质量。
几种河道生态修复措施的浅析
Authors: 施 慧秀
Published: June 2021

健康的水体环境是城市可持续发展的重要保障。随着社会经济的发展，人类对河道生态系统的干扰不断加大，甚至超出其承受能力，致使生态系统受损。因此，亟需采取相关措施修复和改善河道生态环境，使其恢复健康的良性循环。本文主要对上海及周边已成功采用的几种河道生态修复措施如“水下森林”、“生态漂浮湿地”、“太阳能曝气”等作一简要探析。
上海某水闸地基处理方案比选
Authors: 邓 伟峰
Published: June 2021

地基加固的方法根据不同的地基地质条件，采用的主要有换填法、预压法、深层搅拌法、高压喷射注浆法、桩基础等，上海地区水利工程上又以深层搅拌法、桩基础法使用较多。基于上海某水闸位于长江沿岸，施工受潮汐及汛情影响较大，工期要求较紧等因素，通过方案比选该水闸采用PHC管桩桩基础方案，并介绍了该方案的优点。该水闸目前桩基础已施工完毕，并经过检测，各项指标均满足设计要求，进一步验证了该方案的可靠性。
河道建设中生态水利工程设计的应用
Authors: 邹 雷
Published: June 2021

近年来，因为受到了各种相关因素的影响和制约，我国的河流污染问题是比较严重的，这些问题的存在和发展，严重的影响和限制了人们的日常生活质量的提升和城市经济社会可持续发展和高建设的进程。同时，在目前的河道工程项目施工建设的过程中，很多建设施工的企业往往只注重工程项目建设的表面经济利益，没有充分的把握和认识到生态文明和环境保护带来的更长远的效益，而且在工程项目的设计规划和建设阶段，都不能有效的从根本上进行高水平的管理工作。总的来说，在河道建设过程中，必须始终坚持高水平、现代化的设计理念，不断深入的研究和分析设计内容和应用措施，全方位的加强生态环境的保护工作。
水利工程中水闸施工技术要点及其注意事项
Authors: 季 冰
Published: June 2021

近年来，我国社会发展取得了良好的成绩，从而为各个领域的发展壮大带来了诸多的机遇，在这种形势下无论是社会发展还是民众的生活对于水资源的需求量都在不断地增加，这样就对我国水利工程项目提出了更高的要求。在水利工程项目中，水闸结构的主要作用就是对水位进行合理地控制，从而实现调控水源、防洪抗涝的作用。水闸工程通常是由闸室、上游连接段和下游连接段等多个部分组合而成，并且施工工作具有较强的复杂性，所以需要施工工作人员具备良好的专业能力和综合素质，将最先进的施工理念和施工方法加以实践运用，从而促进水闸工程施工质量的不断提升。
Histological Variants of Ovarian Tumour in Bangladeshi Women
Authors: Khanam Shafeya , Rashid Maliha , Parvin Zebunnessa , Jahan Shahnaz Akter , Md Asaduzzaman Mirza , Saha Samar Chandra , Reaz Nahid
Published: June 2021

Objective: Types of ovarian tumour are widely divergent and no age group is immune from ovarian tumour; but certain ages are more vulnerable to develop certain types of tumours. By far, very few studies describing the histological types and subtypes of ovarian tumour in the context of Bangladeshi population have been conducted. The present study was intended to find the histological variants of ovarian tumours in our women.

Methods: The present study was carried out in Dhaka Medical College Hospital between July 2001 to June 2002. The total number of patients admitted with a clinical diagnosis of ovarian tumour during the study period was 238, while the total number of gynaecological admissions was 3189. In the present study every alternate patients of ovarian tumour who consented to participate in the study were included as long as 110 cases were met. After admission, history and clinical presentation were recorded and every case was followed till discharge. Provisional diagnosis was made clinically and by ultrasound when 14 cases were excluded for they did not have ovarian tumour at all. The remaining 96 cases were operated and were confirmed by operative and histopathological findings.

Results: In the present study proportion of ovarian tumours was 6.52% of all gynecological admissions. The mean age of the patients was found to be 39.5 ± 6.3 years. The peak age incidence of benign ovarian tumors was found to lie between 21-50 years. Malignant ovarian tumors, however was found more commonly after the age of 50 years. After histopathological confirmation of the precise nature of the 96 ovarian tumors, it was found that benign tumour comprised 77% of the cases with malignant tumors occurring in the rest 23%. Among them tumours of epithelial origin formed 70.8% of all ovarian tumors, germ cell tumors 25% and sex-cord stromal tumours made up 4.2%. Among the epithelial tumors, serous tumors were most frequently seen (61.7%), followed by mucinous tumors (35.3%). The percentage of benign serous cystadenomas was 35.5%. The ratio between serous and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma was almost 2:1. Germ cell tumour found in this study was of moderate frequency (25%). Among them 15.6% were mature teratoma (dermoid cyst) followed by 5.2% dysgerminoma. Endodermal sinus tumors were relatively low (3.1%) and there was a case of immature or malignant teratoma. Sex-cord-stromal tumours were of lowest frequency (4.2%) and classified as ovarian fibroma, granulosa-cell tumor and Krukenberg tumour.

Conclusion: The study concluded that benign tumour comprised three-quarters of all ovarian tumours with the rest being malignant. Tumours of epithelial origin forms the main bulk, germ cell tumors about one-quarter and sex-cord stromal and metastatic tumors the least. Among the epithelial tumors, serous tumors were most frequently seen, followed by mucinous tumors.

Ibrahim Card Med J 2015; 5 (1&2): 40-44
Serum Homocystine Level in Women with Severe Preeclampsia
Authors: Jahan Shahnaz Akter , Reaz Nahid , Khanam Shafeya , Md Asaduzzaman Mirza , Parvin Zebunnessa , Banu Dewan Shahida
Published: June 2021

Objective: Though preeclampsia (PE) is an age-old disease, its pathology still remains obscure. Available epidemiological evidences suggest that PE is a disease of multiple theories. Recently serum homocystine level is considered as factor to be associated with preecampsia and the higher the level the greater is the severity of preeclampsia. The present study is aimed at investigating this hypothesized association.

Methodology: This case-control study was conducted over a period of 24 months from January 2012 to December 2013 in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. Pregnant women admitted with severe preeclampsia were the case, while pregnant women attending at the antenatal clinic without preeclampsia were the controls. Severe preeclampsia was diagnosed by blood pressure > 160/110 mm of Hg with proteinuria 3+ or more in dipstick test. The control group comprised of women of 24 - 40 weeks gestation, with blood pressure (both diastolic and systolic) remaining within normal limits without having any medical or obstetric complications. Data were analysed using software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 16.0. The test statistics used to analyse the data were descriptive statistics, Chi-square (χ2) Test, Student’s t-Test and Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Result: Around two-thirds of the patients in both groups were in the age range of 21-30 years with mean age of the cases and control being 25.8 ± 5.2 and 24.1 ± 3.7 years respectively (p = 0.108). Over three-quarters (77.5%) of the patients in case group and 60.0% in control group belonged to middle class (p = 0.091). Majorities of the cases (85.0%) and controls (90.0%) were preterm (gestational age < 37 weeks) with mean gestational age being 33.2 ± 3.3 and 32.3 ± 3.5 weeks in case and control groups respectively (p > 0.05). The patients in either group were predominantly primigravida. Seven (17.5%) patients in the case group gave the history of past preeclampsia as opposed to none in the control group (p = 0.005). Family history of preeclampsia was reported by the case group alone (p = 0.027). Majority (95.0%) of the cases had 3+ proteinuria. Serum homocystine concentration was significantly raised (15.7 ± 8.3 μmol/L) in case group than that in the control group (6.7 ± 1.3 μmol/L) (p < 0.001). Based on the receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve, serum homocysteine levels in pregnant women had the best area under the curve (0.975 or 97.5%) with sensitivity and specificity of the predictor variable being 92.5 and 77.5% respectively.

Conclusion: The study concluded that homocysteine levels are significantly elevated in patients with preeclampsia compared to the pregnant women without preeclampsia. Homocysteine may be of value in the monitoring of pregnancies to be complicated by preeclampsia.

Ibrahim Card Med J 2015; 5 (1&2): 54-60
Myocardial Infarction with Non-obstructive Coronary Arteries-MINOCA
Authors: Nasrin Sahela , Shafi Masuma Jannat
Published: June 2021

Myocardial Infarction with Non-obstructive Coronary Arteries-MINOCA is a clinical syndrome that encompasses a subgroup of heterogeneous patients who present with myocardial infarction yet do not have any significant coronary artery obstruction on angiogram. From several studies it is understood that MINOCA has a 8.8% prevalence of all Myocardial Infarction (MI) presentations, with no characteristic distinguishing clinical features when compared with MI-CAD( Coronary artery disease), except for patients being younger with a female preponderance & less likely to have hyperlipidemia. The prognosis is extremely variable, depending on the causes of MINOCA. Clinical history, echocardiography, coronary angiography, and left ventriculography represent the first-level diagnostic investigations.

Ibrahim Card Med J 2015; 5 (1&2): 61-66
Patients’ opinion and perception survey of community pharmacists in Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Simonoska Crcarevska Maja , Geskovski Nikola , Glavas Dodov Marija , Sterjeva Tatjana , Karadzinska Kristina , Slaveska Raicki Renata
Published: June 2021

Over the past decade, numerous changes have taken place across the community pharmacy (CP) sector in the Republic of Macedonia (RM). The overall aim of this study is to analyze patients` perception and opinion regarding the Community pharmacy sector and its recognizable role in health care system in RM. Additionally, this study focusses on factors affecting patients` choice of the certain CP and perception of the quality of the CP premises. The survey covered randomly selected patients of those visiting community pharmacies in all 8 regions of the country. An anonymous semi-open questionnaire consisting of 21 items was structured, which covered three main groups of questions related to: socio-demographic factors of the respondents, reasons influencing respondents` choice of the certain CP and respondents’ opinion and impressions of community pharmacists` expertise and quality of offered services in CP settings. The obtained results have confirmed that 69.82% of respondents showed loyalty to the same CP. These findings were supported by tree main reasons: (1) the pharmacist and professional staff working in certain CP (74.19%), (2) CP keeps up a satisfactory supply (69.68%) and (3) CP is situated in a convenient location (61.94%). The overall patients’ perception of elements of pharmaceutical care services provided in CP was that they are on a high level (above 80%). Despite the encouraging results obtained, this study can serve as a core element for continuous monitoring and quality improvement of the national CPs network in near future.

Keywords: community pharmacists, pharmaceutical care, patients’ opinion and perception
Constituição de pessoas jurídicas no Brasil e sua utilização nos modelos de negócios das startups
Authors: Maia Torben Fernandes , Silva Júnior Paulo Antônio Maia e , Nóbrega José Cândido da Silva , Bezerra Neto Francisco das Chagas
Published: June 2021

O presente estudo vislumbra apresentar alguns apontamentos acerca dos modelos de negócios possíveis na legislação brasileira e as startups. Nessa perspectiva, este artigo, através da pesquisa exploratória, de natureza qualitativa, método dedutivo, coleta de dados documental e bibliográfica, procedeu-se de modo a realizar uma análise minuciosa do arcabouço normativo que trata acerca das startups. Além disso, foi pontuado a extrema relevância das startups, tendo em vista que são empresas com grande potencial de crescimento e, portanto, com grande potencial de contribuição para o Brasil, pois vão gerar renda, empregos, arrecadação para o Estado, movimentação da economia, entre outros. Além disso, foi abordado sobre a horizontalidade das normas fundamentais do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, principalmente porque os contratos, para as empresas e até mesmo para os investimentos, possuem uma atribuição e compromisso com a coletividade, assim, necessita atender a função social. Por fim, salienta-se que o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro propociona ao empreendedor diversas opções de composição societária e organização da empresa, assim, a escolha do tipo de sociedade é de extrema importância para a proteção societária, gestão da empresa, atração de investimentos e manutenção da estrutura de governança.
Avaliação da qualidade da Atenção Primária à Saúde segundo homens de um município mineiro
Authors: Pinto Gabriel dos Reis , Oliveira Thaynara Macedo de , Frazão Renata Messias , Santos Ritiellen Amanda Ferreira dos , Nogueira Denismar Alves , Silva Simone Albino da , Nascimento Murilo César do
Published: June 2021

O objetivo foi de descrever a qualidade da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) segundo usuários do sexo masculino. Pesquisa avaliativa, transversal, em que foram entrevistados 228 homens em domicílio, de fevereiro a julho de 2019, em áreas de oito Estratégias de Saúde da Família de um município mineiro. Utilizaram-se os recursos Google Forms (versão reduzida do PCATool), Excel, SPSS e R. Adotaram-se os testes qui-quadrado de Pearson, Exato de Fisher e de Mann-Whitney, a um nível de significância de 5%. Os participantes perfilaram como idosos, pardos, nascidos noutras cidades, que moravam com mais uma pessoa, casados, instruídos da 1ª a 4ª série do ensino fundamental, aposentados e com renda de 1,5 até 3 salários mínimos. Destacaram-se autorrelatos de hipertensão arterial, diabetes, uso de álcool, doença renal e problema de saúde mental. Dentre os entrevistados, 80,70% avaliaram a atenção primária como de baixa qualidade. Houve associação entre ter hipertensão arterial sistêmica e a qualidade da APS (p = 0,001). Assim, foram contemplados os objetivos do estudo, ressaltando-se a má qualidade da APS na visão de homens pertencentes a grupos de vulnerabilidade social e a necessidade da ampliação do acesso do homem jovem à atenção primária.
Corrosion Behaviors of Super Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Joints in the As-Welded and Post Weld Heat Treated States
Authors: Cho Dong min , Park Jin-seong , Jeong Won Ki , Hong Seung Gab , Kim Sung Jin
Published: June 2021

The corrosion behaviors of a combined weld (plasma, gas tungsten arc) joint in a super austenitic stainless steel pipe were investigated using a range of experimental and analytical methods. To ensure superior corrosion resistance, a Ni-based super alloy (Inconel 625) was employed as the welding material only in the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). Nevertheless, pitting corrosion occurred preferentially around the sigma phase which had been precipitated in the interdendritic region of the GTAW. This indicated that the Inconel 625, which has a higher pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN), became even more susceptible to pitting corrosion than the base metal (BM). The higher Fe content in the Inconel 625 due to the dilution of Fe, supplied by the leading plasma arc welding, may increase the driving force for the precipitation of sigma phase. It was also revealed that the post weld heat treatment conducted at 1050~1150 oC effectively reduced the fraction of sigma phase precipitated in the weld. Even after such heat treatment, however, pitting corrosion occurred unexpectedly in the center region of the BM. This may be due to additional precipitation of the sigma phase in the BM, caused by inadequate control of the cooling rate during heat treatment at the industrial site.
‘Stay Safe, Stay Home’: Spatial Justice in the Pandemic City
Authors: Young Alison
Published: June 2021

How does spatial justice take place within cities? To understand spatial justice within a city under lockdown, this article considers both the ‘corporeal emplacements’ within spaces identified by Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos (2015) and the ‘material geographies’ ( Soja 2010 ) essential to understanding spatial justice in everyday life in contemporary cities. Several of the material localities arising during the ‘stay home’ orders of the State of Emergency in Victoria are considered; namely, first, the shared spaces of the street visited by individuals on their permitted forays from home; second, the domestic space of the home; third, the spaces occupied by or allocated to those who lack stable housing; and, finally, hotel rooms, used during the pandemic to house people experiencing homelessness, returned travellers in quarantine, and evacuated detainees. Close examination of such places reveals fault lines of social stratification, linguistic and representational boundary lines regulating their governance, and the stakes of seeking to achieve spatial justice in the pandemic city.
Consumed Landscapes: Coal, Air and Circulation in the Writings of Catherine Hutton
Authors: Constantine Mary-Ann
Published: June 2021

This essay examines a particular nexus of ideas about health and circulation in relation to the practice and the literature of travel and tourism in Romantic-period Britain. Wales, like other ‘picturesque’ destinations, is often envisaged in these writings, and in fiction, as a space of non-metropolitan purity, of clean air, and of health. Yet this is precisely the period of industrial expansion in both south and north Wales, and coal-mines, copper-works, iron foundries and smelting furnaces also figured on many tourist itineraries. Taking as its entry point the novels of Birmingham-based writer Catherine Hutton – particularly The Welsh Mountaineer (1817), which was informed by the author's own experience of travel in north Wales in the late 1790s – the essay sets the familiar trope of travel for a ‘change of air’ against the literal changes to air quality which resulted from Britain's rapid industrialisation in the decades around 1800, revealing some inventive and complex adaptations of contemporary ideas about the effects of ‘pure’ and ‘polluted’ air on human health.
Floating in the Breath of the People: Ossianic Mist, Cultural Health, and the Creation of Celtic Atmosphere, 1760–1815
Authors: Kaminski-Jones Rhys
Published: June 2021

This essay uses Samuel Johnson's characterization of Gaelic culture as an essentially airborne phenomenon as the starting point for a wide-ranging consideration of the links between atmospheric and Celtic discourses during the Romantic era. This period has been deemed foundational to the literary ‘appearance’ of air and the conceptual formation of Celticity, but these two cultural phenomena have rarely been considered in tandem. Beginning with a discussion of the atmospheric ideas that underpin the Poems of Ossian's infamous mists, the essay argues that critics have largely ignored the complexity of Macpherson's medicalized ecologies of air. The essay then moves on to consider the development of comparable cloudy symbolism during the Welsh cultural revival of the 1790s, when overcast skies became an organising metaphor used to express the cultural benightedness of Wales. The often-unexamined cliché of ‘Celtic mistiness’ is revealed as a vital metaphor for the allure and imperfection of intercultural mediation.
Mary Wollstonecraft and the Right to Air
Authors: Boyson Rowan
Published: June 2021

Air flows through all Mary Wollstonecraft's writings, from her first novel Mary, through her treatises and letters, and to her last novel Maria. She was attuned to the medical importance of a change of air, but also developed a more philosophical notion of a right to air. Her attention to everyday air and smell unavoidably reaffirmed her key intellectual questions of commonality, individuality, equality and freedom. For Wollstonecraft, air was both a metaphor for freedom and also a literal condition for its development. This article situates her numerous remarks on air alongside medical sources, racialized climatological theory, slavery cases, and the pneumatic chemistry of the 1790s. Such a reading of Wollstonecraft's aerial philosophy, and comparisons with Burke, Rousseau, Godwin and Kant, contributes to an ecological reading of her work and to a forgotten history of air rights, with relevance to current debates on air quality and inequality.
The new feminist frontier on community-based learning
Authors: Simões Rita Basílio , Amaral Inês , Santos Sofia José
Published: June 2021

Feminist activism has always promoted informal learning opportunities for men and women. Internet, along with ICTs have expanded these opportunities by affording large-scale feminist mobilising and connection. Yet the digital environment is not only enhancing feminist campaigning but also facilitating the contexts to abusive behaviours flourish. Departing from the concept of social movement learning, in this article, we examine the significance to adult education of the large-scale reinvigoration of feminist activism in tandem with the surge of anti-feminist and misogynist ideas in the digital environment. We argue that just as online social media brought unprecedented opportunities to provide social movement learning, it offered the same tools to misogynists groups, mostly led by a toxic understanding of masculinity. By co-opting the same online opportunities, the feminist movement enjoys, individualised and collective toxic masculinity agency is a potential foe to match, reinventing the same struggle, demanding an ongoing battle towards deconstructing patriarchy.
A Porcine Model of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Induced by Chronic Pressure Overload Characterized by Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling
Authors: Tan Weijiang , Li Xiang , Zheng Shuang , Li Xiaohui , Zhang Xiaoshen , Pyle W. Glen , Chen Honghua , Wu Jian , Sun Huan , Zou Yunzeng , Backx Peter H. , Yang Feng Hua
Published: June 2021

Heart failure is induced by multiple pathological mechanisms, and current therapies are ineffective against heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). As there are limited animal models of HFpEF, its underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Here, we employed the descending aortic constriction (DAC) technique to induce chronic pressure overload in the left ventricles of Tibetan minipigs for 12 weeks. Cardiac function, pathological and cellular changes, fibrotic signaling activation, and gene expression profiles were explored. The left ventricles developed concentric hypertrophy from weeks 4 to 6 and transition to dilation starting in week 10. Notably, the left ventricular ejection fraction was maintained at >50% in the DAC group during the 12-week period. Pathological examination, biochemical analyses, and gene profile analysis revealed evidence of inflammation, fibrosis, cell death, and myofilament dephosphorylation in the myocardium of HFpEF model animals, together with gene expression shifts promoting cardiac remodeling and downregulating metabolic pathways. Furthermore, we noted the activation of several signaling proteins that impact cardiac fibrosis and remodeling, including transforming growth factor-β/SMAD family members 2/3, type I/III/V collagens, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 and 2, interleukins 6 and 1β, and inhibitor of κBα/nuclear factor-κB. Our findings demonstrate that this chronic pressure overload-induced porcine HFpEF model is a powerful tool to elucidate the mechanisms of this disease and translate preclinical findings.
Atezolizumab Monotherapy or Plus Chemotherapy in First-Line Treatment for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Dan-Ni , Lu Wen-Qing , Yang Bo-Wen , Zhang Ling-Yun , Jin Bo , Wang Shuo , Che Xiao-Fang , Li Ce , Liu Yun-Peng , Qu Xiu-Juan
Published: June 2021

Background

Atezolizumab plus chemotherapy has been recommended as a first-line treatment option for patients with advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) irrespective of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Currently, little is known about the efficacy and treatment-related adverse effects (TRAEs) of subtracting chemotherapy from the combination for patients with high PD-L1 expression. Thus, we performed an indirect comparison between atezolizumab plus chemotherapy and atezolizumab alone.

Methods

A total of five eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified from PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central controlled trial registries, using keywords including atezolizumab, PD-1, PD-L1, NSCLC, and RCT. The clinical outcomes of objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), OS, and TRAEs were extracted and evaluated. Using indirect analysis, the efficacy and TRAEs were compared between arm A (atezolizumab plus chemotherapy) and arm C (atezolizumab), linked by arm B (chemotherapy).

Results

Direct comparison revealed that both atezolizumab plus chemotherapy (HR 0.65, P = 0.003) and atezolizumab alone (HR 0.59, P = 0.010) significantly improved OS compared with chemotherapy. More importantly, the indirect comparison showed that atezolizumab plus chemotherapy was not superior to atezolizumab regarding OS (RR 1.10, P =0.695) and ORR (RR 1.11, P = 0.645). However, patients who received atezolizumab combined with chemotherapy experienced more ≥ grade 3 TRAEs (RR 4.23, P<0.001) and TRAEs leading to drug discontinuation (RR 3.60, P<0.001) than those treated with atezolizumab monotherapy.

Conclusions

Atezolizumab monotherapy might be a better treatment option for patients with advanced NSCLC and high PD-L1 expression than atezolizumab plus chemotherapy.
Case Report: A Rare Case of Metachronous Multiple Primary Lung Cancers in a Patient With Successful Management by Switching From Anti-PD-1 Therapy to Anti-PD-L1 Therapy
Authors: Lin Xinqing , Qiu Guihuan , Li Fang , Deng Haiyi , Qin Yinyin , Xie Xiaohong , Jiang Juhong , Song Yong , Liu Ming , Zhou Chengzhi
Published: June 2021

Without global standard diagnostic criteria, distinguishing multiple primary lung cancers (MPLCs) from intrapulmonary metastasis or histologic transformation has been a big challenge in clinical practice. Here, we described a rare case of metachronous adenocarcinoma and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in a patient who developed drug resistance to pembrolizumab. Both DNA-sequencing and RNA-sequencing were performed on primary adenocarcinoma and resistant lesions. Through the comparison of primary adenocarcinoma and novel lesion mutation profiles, along with bioinformatic estimation of immune proportion by using RNA sequence data, we revealed the origin and tumor microenvironment of the two lesions. No shared mutations were detected between lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and SCLC from the same patient, suggesting these two lesions might be from separate primary lung cancers. Compared to LUAD, SCLC showed a relatively cold microenvironment, including negative PD-L1. The patient obtained durable clinical benefits upon treatment with atezolizumab, without experiencing immune-related adverse events. Disease progression should be monitored with prompt re-biopsy and molecular profiling to spot a potential histologic change and to shed light on therapeutic alternatives. The use of atezolizumab, either alone or in combination with other agents, may be a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with both LUAD and SCLC.
The Combination of Immune Checkpoint Blockade and Angiogenesis Inhibitors in the Treatment of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ren Sijia , Xiong Xinxin , You Hua , Shen Jianfei , Zhou Penghui
Published: June 2021

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has become a standard treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, most patients with NSCLC do not benefit from these treatments. Abnormal vasculature is a hallmark of solid tumors and is involved in tumor immune escape. These abnormalities stem from the increase in the expression of pro-angiogenic factors, which is involved in the regulation of the function and migration of immune cells. Anti-angiogenic agents can normalize blood vessels, and thus transforming the tumor microenvironment from immunosuppressive to immune-supportive by increasing the infiltration and activation of immune cells. Therefore, the combination of immunotherapy with anti-angiogenesis is a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Here, we outline the current understanding of the mechanisms of vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGF/VEGFR) signaling in tumor immune escape and progression, and summarize the preclinical studies and current clinical data of the combination of ICB and anti-angiogenic drugs in the treatment of advanced NSCLC.
Challenges for Diagnostic Clarity for Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment and Behavioural Issues in Middle-Income Countries: Case Studies From Malaysia
Authors: Yap Kwong Hsia , Warren Narelle , Allotey Pascale , Reidpath Daniel
Published: June 2021

Following stroke, individuals require ongoing screening, diagnosis and monitoring for cognitive impairment. Services and policies around these vary widely between settings, and reports from many countries highlight persistent under-diagnosis of cognitive impairment in the months and years after stroke. Missed and delayed diagnosis of post-stroke cognitive impairment, including dementia, are important factors in shaping the experiences of people so affected and their family members, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Drawing upon ethnographic research conducted in Malaysia, this article draws upon three case studies to examine the continued health-seeking behaviour after the appearance of salient cognitive and behavioural symptoms that occurred after stroke. Findings highlight the challenges in getting formal diagnostic clarity for cognitive and behavioural symptoms in a rural setting within a middle-income country. No study participants sought help for memory or cognitive problems, partly due to limited lay awareness of cognitive impairment but more significantly due to health service factors. Despite their elevated risk for dementia, participants were not monitored for cognitive impairment during any follow-up care in various health facilities. Furthermore, caregivers' attempts to seek help when behavioural issues became untenable were met with multiple health system barriers. The journey was complicated by the meanings attached to the reactions towards cognitive symptoms at the community level. We suggest that strategies seek to increase the awareness of post-stroke cognitive and behavioural symptoms, and incorporate clear treatment pathways into the long-term care plans of community-dwelling stroke survivors.
Markers of Prognosis for Early Stage Cervical Cancer Patients (Stage IB1, IB2) Undergoing Surgical Treatment
Authors: Xu Chen , Ma Tie , Sun Hongzan , Li Xiaohan , Gao Song
Published: June 2021

Background

For individuals with cervical cancer, large tumor volume, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and parauterine infiltration are usually associated with a poor prognosis. Individuals with stage 1B1 and 1B2 cervical cancer usually do not have these unfavorable prognostic factors. Once the disease progresses, the prognosis becomes extremely poor. Therefore, investigating the prognostic markers of these cervical cancer patients is necessary for treatment.

Methods

This retrospective study included 95 cervical cancer patients treated with surgery. The patients were divided into progressor and non-progressor groups according to postoperative follow-up results. T-test (or Mann−Whitney U test), chi-squared test (or Fisher’s exact test) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate imaging, hematology, and clinicopathological index differences between the two groups. Cox analysis was performed to select the independent markers of progression-free survival (PFS) when developing the nomogram. Validation of the nomogram was performed with 1000 bootstrapped samples. The performance of the nomogram was validated with ROC curves, generated calibration curves, and Kaplan-Meier and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

Cervical stromal invasion depth, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), human papilloma virus (HPV-16), Glut1, D-dimer, SUVmax and SUVpeak showed significant differences between the two groups. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard model showed SUVpeak (p = 0.012), and HPV-16 (p = 0.007) were independent risk factors and were used to develop the nomogram for predicting PFS. The ROC curves, Kaplan-Meier method, calibration curves and DCA indicated satisfactory accuracy, agreement, and clinical usefulness, respectively.

Conclusions

SUVpeak level (≥7.63 g/cm3) and HPV-16 negative status before surgery were associated with worse PFS for patients with cervical cancer. Based on this result, we constructed the nomogram and showed satisfactory performance. Clinically, individualized clinical decision-making can be performed on patients based on this result.
Petroleum and Chlorinated Solvents in Meconium and the Risk of Hypospadias: A Pilot Study
Authors: Rouget Florence , Bihannic Adèle , Cordier Sylvaine , Multigner Luc , Meyer-Monath Marie , Mercier Fabien , Pladys Patrick , Garlantezec Ronan
Published: June 2021

Background: Hypospadias is a male congenital malformation that occurs in ~2 of 1,000 births. The association between hypospadias and fetal exposure to environmental chemicals has been studied, but the results are inconsistent. Although several petroleum and chlorinated solvents are suspected to have teratogenic effects, their role in the occurrence of hypospadias has been little studied and never using biomarkers of exposure. We aimed to evaluate the association between fetal exposure to petroleum and chlorinated solvents measured in meconium and the occurrence of hypospadias.

Methods: We conducted a pilot case-control study in the maternity of the University Hospital of Rennes (France). Eleven cases of hypospadias and 46 controls were recruited between October 2012 and January 2014. Data from hospital records and maternal self-reported questionnaires, including socio-demographic characteristics and occupational and non-occupational exposure to chemicals, were collected. Meconium samples were collected using a standardized protocol. Levels of petroleum solvents (toluene, benzene, ethylbenzene, and p, m, and o xylene), certain metabolites (mandelic acid, hippuric acid, methylhippuric acid, S-phenylmercapturic acid, S-benzylmercapturic acid, and phenylglyoxylic acid), and two chlorinated solvents (trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene) were measured in meconium by gas and liquid chromatography, both coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Associations between the concentration of each chemical and the occurrence of hypospadias were analyzed using exact logistic regressions adjusted for maternal age, educational level, pre-pregnancy body mass index, and alcohol, and tobacco consumption during pregnancy. Results are presented with odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results: Quantification rates for petroleum and chlorinated solvents or metabolites ranged from 2.2% (for methylhippuric acid) to 77.1% (for trichloroethylene) of the meconium samples. We found a significant association between the quantification of phenylglyoxylic acid (metabolite of styrene and ethylbenzene) in the meconium and a higher risk of hypospadias (OR = 14.2, 95% CI [2.5–138.7]). The risk of hypospadias was non-significantly elevated for most of the other solvents and metabolites.

Conclusion: This exploratory study, on a limited number of cases, suggests an association between petroleum solvents and hypospadias. Additional studies are needed to confirm these results and identify the determinants for the presence of these solvents in meconium.
“Will It Affect Our Chances of Having Children?” and Feeling “Like a Ticking Bomb” —The Fertility Concerns and Fears of Cancer Progression and Recurrence in Cancer Treatment Decision-Making Among Young Women Diagnosed With Gynaecological or Breast Cancer
Authors: Sobota Aleksandra , Ozakinci Gozde
Published: June 2021

Objective: Cancer treatment decision making process is particularly fraught with challenges for young women because the treatment can affect their reproductive potential. Among many factors affecting the process, fears of cancer progression and recurrence can also be important psychological factors. Our aim is to apply Common-Sense Model and shared decision-making model to explore experiences of treatment decision-making women of reproductive age who were diagnosed with gynaecological or breast cancer and the influence of fertility issues and fears of cancer progression and recurrence.

Method: We conducted telephone interviews with 24 women who were diagnosed with gynaecological or breast cancer aged 18–45, who finished active treatment within 5 years prior to study enrolment and had no known evidence of cancer recurrence at the time of participation. They were recruited from three NHS oncology clinics in Scotland and online outlets of cancer charities and support organisations. We analysed the data using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis method as it allows for both inductive and deductive analyses.

Results: We identified five main themes pertaining to treatment-related decision-making experiences and fertility issues and fear of progression and recurrence: Becoming aware of infertility as a potential consequence of cancer treatment; Balancing-prioritising cancer and fertility; Decisions about treatments; Evaluation of treatment decisions; and The consequences of treatments. Sub-themes have also been reported. Different factors such as whether the cancer is breast or gynaecological, physicians' willingness of discussing fertility, influence of others in decision-making, childbearing and relationship status as well as fear of cancer recurrence emerged as important.

Conclusion: The importance of physicians directly addressing fertility preservation in the process of treatment decision-making and not treating it as an “add-on” was evident. Satisfaction with treatment decisions depended on both the quality of the process of decision making and its outcome. Fear of recurrence was present in different parts of the adaptation process from illness perceptions to post-treatment evaluation of decisions. Both Common-Sense Model and shared decision-making model were helpful in understanding and explaining young women's experience of treatment decision-making and fertility concerns.