bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Opaque transparency: How material affordances shape intermediary work
Authors: Avidan Miron , Etzion Dror , Gehman Joel
Published: September 2018

How do the material aspects of intermediary work affect regulators, targets, and beneficiaries? To shed light on this question, we studied an information intermediary in the form of a website and the organizations who founded it. Specifically, we analyzed FracFocus, a self‐regulatory initiative with strong industry ties, charged with disclosing data pertaining to the chemicals used in oil and gas wells completed using hydraulic fracturing technology (fracking) in the United States and Canada. We found that between 2010 and mid‐2017, the vast majority of legislation in states and provinces where fracking actively occurred was updated to mandate or encourage disclosure via FracFocus, meaning that it had a considerable effect on the trajectory of official regulation on fracking disclosure. We also found that FracFocus disclosed important data but did so in a manner that limited accessibility and reduced the comprehensibility of environmental and public health risks to beneficiaries. Our analysis suggests that the public's experience of such a device is one of opaque transparency, in which the line between official and non‐official regulation is blurred. We traced these outcomes to the material affordances created by FracFocus.
Out of tune or well tempered? How competition agencies direct the orchestrating state
Authors: Lelieveldt Herman
Published: September 2018

This article analyzes the impact competition agencies have on the orchestrating role of states in domestic private regulation. I argue that these agencies can significantly affect interactions in the governance triangle through the way they apply a “logic of the market” to evaluate agreements between firms. The regulatory framework of European Union competition law has increasingly constrained the ability of firms to take into account broader interests when making agreements to foster social objectives. This logic of the market clashes with the ever‐increasing emphasis governments place on enabling firms to enter into such agreements. I analyze this tension through a case study of a pact of Dutch retailers to collectively introduce higher animal welfare standards for poultry. Using regulatory network analysis I trace the governance interactions between the governance triangle on the one hand (government, non‐governmental organizations, and firms), and the Dutch competition authority, Autoriteit Consument en Markt (ACM) and the European Commission on the other hand. Attempts by the Dutch government to instruct the ACM to be more lenient toward private regulation were blocked twice by the European Commission. As a result, the Dutch government abandoned private regulation as the preferred mode and proposed a bottom‐up process that would generate public regulation as a way to avoid conflict with competition policy. I argue that paradoxically enough the intervention of these non‐majoritarian competition agencies against the “will” of the governance triangle has potentially increased the effectiveness and legitimacy of orchestration processes.
Oral hygiene and dentition status in children and adults with hemophilia: A case–control study
Authors: Kumar Mathangi , Pai Keerthilatha M. , Kurien Annamma , Vineetha Ravindranath
Published: September 2018

Background & objectives

People with hemophilia constitute a significant proportion of the population and an oral health care professional faces a considerable challenge while treating them. This study aimed to assess the oral health and dentition status as well as fear of dental treatment in patients with hemophilia and compare it with age‐matched healthy subjects.

Patients & methods

This single‐center, case‐control cross‐sectional study was performed on 100 subjects with hemophilia and 100 age‐matched healthy controls. Oral health and dentition status was recorded for all the subjects and scored using the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI‐S), plaque index, and the dmft/DMFT index.

Results

There were a total of 41 children and 59 adults in the hemophilia group and 36 children and 64 adults in the healthy group. When compared to healthy subjects it was observed that individuals with hemophilia had higher debris and calculus scores which was indicative of poor orodental status. There was no significant difference observed in the DMFT scores among the study groups.

Interpretation & conclusions

The oral hygiene of the hemophilics was poorer when compared to the healthy controls. The findings highlight the need for establishing interdisciplinary care for such individuals.
Improving the resolution and throughput of achromatic Talbot lithography
Authors: Kazazis Dimitrios , Tseng Li-Ting , Ekinci Yasin
Published: September 2018

High-resolution patterning of periodic structures over large areas has several applications in science and technology. One such method, based on the long-known Talbot effect observed with diffraction gratings, is achromatic Talbot lithography (ATL). This method offers many advantages over other techniques, such as high resolution, large depth-of-focus, and high throughput. Although the technique has been studied in the past, its limits have not yet been explored. Increasing the efficiency and the resolution of the method is essential and might enable many applications in science and technology. In this work, the authors combine this technique with spatially coherent and quasimonochromatic light at extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths and explore new mask design schemes in order to enhance its throughput and resolution. They report on simulations of various mask designs in order to explore their efficiency. Advanced and optimized nanofabrication techniques have to be utilized to achieve high quality and efficient masks for ATL. Exposures using coherent EUV radiation from the Swiss light source have been performed, pushing the resolution limits of the technique for dense hole or dot patterning down to 40 nm pitch. In addition, through extensive simulations, alternative mask designs with rings instead of holes are explored for the efficient patterning of hole/dot arrays. They show that these rings exhibit similar aerial images to hole arrays, while enabling higher efficiency and thereby increased throughput for ATL exposures. The mask designs with rings show that they are less prone to problems associated with pattern collapse during the nanofabrication process and therefore are promising for achieving higher resolution.
Biomechanics of hover performance in Neotropical hummingbirds versus bats
Authors: Ingersoll Rivers , Haizmann Lukas , Lentink David
Published: September 2018

To hover effectively, hummingbirds invert their wings further to increase upstroke lift, while small bats rely on larger wings.
Molecular parallelism in fast-twitch muscle proteins in echolocating mammals
Authors: Lee Jun-Hoe , Lewis Kevin M. , Moural Timothy W. , Kirilenko Bogdan , Borgonovo Barbara , Prange Gisa , Koessl Manfred , Huggenberger Stefan , Kang ChulHee , Hiller Michael
Published: September 2018

A genomic screen uncovers a link between molecular parallelism and the convergent evolution of superfast sound-producing muscles.
Niche partitioning of a pathogenic microbiome driven by chemical gradients
Authors: Quinn Robert A. , Comstock William , Zhang Tianyu , Morton James T. , da Silva Ricardo , Tran Alda , Aksenov Alexander , Nothias Louis-Felix , Wangpraseurt Daniel , Melnik Alexey V. , Ackermann Gail , Conrad Douglas , Klapper Isaac , Knight Rob , Dorrestein Pieter C.
Published: September 2018

Chemical gradients shape the cystic fibrosis lung microbiome, with marked effects on the outcome of antimicrobial treatments.
The CCT chaperonin is a novel regulator of Ca
2+
signaling through modulation of Orai1 trafficking
Authors: Hodeify Rawad , Nandakumar Manjula , Own Maryam , Courjaret Raphael J. , Graumann Johannes , Hubrack Satanay Z. , Machaca Khaled
Published: September 2018

A chaperone complex (CCT) regulates the trafficking of a calcium channel (Orai1) and, as such, modulates cellular function.
Indigenous communities, groundwater opportunities
Authors: Womble Philip , Perrone Debra , Jasechko Scott , Nelson Rebecca L. , Szeptycki Leon F. , Anderson Robert T. , Gorelick Steven M.
Published: September 2018

A U.S. court decision unlocks vast potential to improve sustainable freshwater management
Design of a multi-agent, fiber composite digital fabrication system
Authors: Kayser Markus , Cai Levi , Falcone Sara , Bader Christoph , Inglessis Nassia , Darweesh Barrak , Oxman Neri
Published: September 2018

Swarm-based fabrication of interwoven composite tubes can help create architectural-scale structures effectively and efficiently.
Prime and target immunization protects against liver-stage malaria in mice
Authors: Gola Anita , Silman Daniel , Walters Adam A. , Sridhar Saranya , Uderhardt Stefan , Salman Ahmed M. , Halbroth Benedict R. , Bellamy Duncan , Bowyer Georgina , Powlson Jonathan , Baker Megan , Venkatraman Navin , Poulton Ian , Berrie Eleanor , Roberts Rachel , Lawrie Alison M. , Angus Brian , Khan Shahid M. , Janse Chris J. , Ewer Katie J. , Germain Ronald N. , Spencer Alexandra J. , Hill Adrian V. S.
Published: September 2018

A prime and target vaccine for liver-stage malaria results in sterile protection in mouse disease models and appears safe for human use.
Reconstitution of the gut microbiota of antibiotic-treated patients by autologous fecal microbiota transplant
Authors: Taur Ying , Coyte Katharine , Schluter Jonas , Robilotti Elizabeth , Figueroa Cesar , Gjonbalaj Mergim , Littmann Eric R. , Ling Lilan , Miller Liza , Gyaltshen Yangtsho , Fontana Emily , Morjaria Sejal , Gyurkocza Boglarka , Perales Miguel-Angel , Castro-Malaspina Hugo , Tamari Roni , Ponce Doris , Koehne Guenther , Barker Juliet , Jakubowski Ann , Papadopoulos Esperanza , Dahi Parastoo , Sauter Craig , Shaffer Brian , Young James W. , Peled Jonathan , Meagher Richard C. , Jenq Robert R. , van den Brink Marcel R. M. , Giralt Sergio A. , Pamer Eric G. , Xavier Joao B.
Published: September 2018

A randomized clinical trial demonstrates that autologous fecal microbiota transplant can reconstitute the gut microbiota of patients undergoing intensive antibiotic treatment.
Disrupting the LINC complex in smooth muscle cells reduces aortic disease in a mouse model of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome
Authors: Kim Paul H. , Luu Jennings , Heizer Patrick , Tu Yiping , Weston Thomas A. , Chen Natalie , Lim Christopher , Li Robert L. , Lin Po-Yu , Dunn James C. Y. , Hodzic Didier , Young Stephen G. , Fong Loren G.
Published: September 2018

Disrupting the LINC complex reduces aortic disease in a mouse model of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome.
It takes two to tango: IDH mutation and glutaminase inhibition in glioma
Authors: Zhang Qing
Published: September 2018

IDH1 mutant gliomas show increased radiation sensitivity in combination with a glutaminase inhibitor.
Complete Genome Sequences of Seven
Peanut Stunt Virus
Strains from Japan
Authors: Takahashi Hiroyuki , Ogawa Ami , Inoue Sota , Yasaka Ryosuke , Ohshima Kazusato , Ugaki Masashi , Suzuki Masashi
Published: September 2018

We present the complete genomic RNA sequences of seven isolates of
Peanut stunt virus
discovered in diseased legume plants in various regions in Japan. These sequences and the published viral sequences were compared with respect to nucleotide percentages.
Complete Genome Sequences of Six BI Cluster
Streptomyces
Bacteriophages, HotFries, Moozy, Rainydai, RavenPuff, Scap1, and SenditCS
Authors: Blocker Devin , Koert Matthew , Mattson Courtney , Patel Harsh , Patel Priya , Patel Rishit , Paudel Hemanta ,   2017 UMBC Phage Hunters, Erill Ivan , Caruso Steven M.
Published: September 2018

Six double-stranded DNA
Streptomyces
bacteriophages, HotFries, Moozy, RavenPuff, Scap1, Rainydai, and SenditCS, were isolated using the phytopathogen
Streptomyces scabiei
as a host. These phages have been identified as
Siphoviridae
and members of cluster BI by genomic analysis.
Near-Complete Genome Sequence of Ralstonia solanacearum T523, a Phylotype I Tomato Phytopathogen Isolated from the Philippines
Authors: Montecillo Andrew D. , Raymundo Asuncion K. , Papa Irene A. , Aquino Genevieve Mae B. , Jacildo Arian J. , Stothard Paul , Rosana Albert Remus R.
Published: September 2018

Ralstonia solanacearum
strain T523 is the major phytopathogen causing tomato bacterial wilt in the Philippines. Here, we report the complete chromosome and draft megaplasmid genomes with predicted gene inventories supporting rhizosphere processes, extensive plant virulence effectors, and the production of bioactive signaling metabolites, such as ralstonin, micacocidin, and homoserine lactone.
Draft Genome Sequence of Dyella sp. Strain C9, Isolated from a Malaysian Tropical Peat Swamp Forest
Authors: Too Chin Chin , Ong Kuan Shion , Lee Sui Mae , Yule Catherine M. , Keller Alexander
Published: September 2018

The bacterium
Dyella
sp. strain C9 was isolated from North Selangor Peat Swamp Forest, Malaysia, and studied using whole-genome sequencing.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Plant Growth-Inhibiting Bacteria, Acinetobacter ursingii M3 and Asticcacaulis excentricus M6, Isolated from Duckweed (Lemna minor)
Authors: Ishizawa Hidehiro , Kuroda Masashi , Inoue Daisuke , Ike Michihiko
Published: September 2018

Acinetobacter ursingii
M3 and
Asticcacaulis excentricus
M6 are plant growth-inhibiting bacteria that reduce the yield of the duckweed
Lemna minor
. We report here the complete genome sequences of
A. ursingii
M3 and
A. excentricus
M6, sequenced using the PacBio RS II platform.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two
Rhodobacter
Strains
Authors: Anton Brian P. , Roberts Richard J. , Fomenkov Alexey , Humbert Allison , Stoian Natalie , Zeilstra-Ryalls Jill
Published: September 2018

We report the complete genome sequences of two strains of the
Alphaproteobacteria
genus
Rhodobacter
,
Rhodobacter blasticus
28/5, the source of the commercially available enzyme RsaI, and a new isolate of
Rhodobacter sphaeroides
2.4.1. Both strains contain multiple restriction-modification systems, and their DNA methylation motifs are included in this report.
Plain packaging of tobacco products: the logical next step for tobacco control policy in India
Authors: Yadav Amit , Nazar Gaurang P , Rawal Tina , Arora Monika , Webster Premila , Grills Nathan
Published: September 2018

India implemented larger 85% pictorial health warnings on all tobacco products from 1 April 2016. However, to remove the last bit of glamour and attraction from the tobacco packs, it must now embrace plain packaging. Plain packaging prevents tobacco packs from carrying the tobacco industry brand imagery as mobile billboards. Postimplementation of larger 85% pictorial health warnings on all tobacco products, this analysis was undertaken to assess the feasibility of plain packaging as the next logical tobacco control policy measure in India. As part of this analysis, the research team reviewed the available literature on legal and policy challenges to plain packaging as a tobacco control policy initiative for India. Literature from 2010 to 2016 in English language was reviewed, which reveals that, India has taken several preparatory steps implemented by other countries like Australia and the UK that have introduced plain packaging, for example, stronger smoke-free laws, ban on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship, increase in taxes and a report from civil society task force on plain packaging. The trade and investment agreements signed by India are also within the international trade norms relating to public health. A Private Member’s Bill on plain packaging is also pending in the Parliament of India. Other potential challenges against such policy decision, for example, freedom of trade, right to property, violation of competition law and other laws including consumer protection laws, were found unsubstantiated by the research team. Plain packaging is the next logical step for tobacco control policy in India.
Evidentiary needs of US public health departments with a mission to advance equity and health: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Narain Kimberly Danae Cauley , Zimmerman Frederick J , Richards Jessica , Fielding Jonathan , Cole Brian , Teutsch Steven , Rhoads Natalie
Published: September 2018

Objectives

We sought the perspectives of lead public health officials working to improve health equity in the USA regarding the drivers of scientific evidence use, the supply of scientific evidence and the gap between their evidentiary needs and the available scientific evidence.

Design

We conducted 25 semistructured qualitative interviews (April 2017 to June 2017) with lead public health officials and their designees. All interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed.

Setting

Public health departments from all geographical regions in the USA.

Participants

Participants included lead public health officials (20) and their designees (5) from public health departments that were either accredited or part of the Big Cities Health Coalition.

Results

Many respondents were using scientific evidence in the context of grant writing. Professional organisations and government agencies, rather than specific researchers or research journals, were the primary sources of scientific evidence. Respondents wanted to see more locally tailored cost-effectiveness research and often desired to participate in the planning phase of research projects. In addition to the scientific content recommendations, respondents felt the usefulness of scientific evidence could be improved by simplifying it and framing it for diverse audiences including elected officials and community stakeholders.

Conclusions

Respondents are eager to use scientific evidence but also need to have it designed and packaged in ways that meet their needs.
Changes in NHS Major Incident management and their relevance to the Defence Medical Services
Authors: Gurney Ian , Horne S , Wright C
Published: September 2018

High-profile Major Incidents in the UK civilian setting in the last few years have appropriately raised awareness of the principles and frameworks involved in the design of reliable response systems. The introduction of the Joint Emergency Services Interoperability Principles in tandem with increased investment in Major Incident Planning has supported practitioners to successfully respond to high numbers of incidents.

Defence Medical Services personnel are increasingly being asked to deploy to resource-limited'contingency'settings where much of the established guidance relating to Major Incident response requires reconsideration and modification in the face of severely constrained space, manpower and equipment.

This editorial seeks to review contemporary theories and principles of Major Incident response and discuss how military medical personnel may need to adapt these to address the various Major Incident challenges that they may face on operations.
Methylation of bone SOST impairs SP7, RUNX2, and ERα transactivation in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis
Authors: Shan Yu , Wang Liang , Li Guangfei , Shen Guangsi , Zhang Peng , Xu Youjia
Published: September 2018

Sclerostin (SOST), a glycoprotein predominantly secreted by bone tissue osteocytes, is an important regulator of bone formation, and loss of SOST results in Van Buchem disease. DNA methylation regulates SOST expression in human osteocytes, although the detailed underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we compared 12 patients with bone fractures and postmenopausal osteoporosis with eight patients without postmenopausal osteoporosis to understand the mechanisms via which SOST methylation affects osteoporosis. Serum and bone SOST expression was reduced in patients with osteoporosis. Bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction revealed that the methylation rate was higher in patients with osteoporosis. We identified osterix (SP7), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and estrogen receptor α (ERα) as candidate transcription factors activating SOST expression. Increased SOST methylation impaired the transactivation function of SP7, RUNX2, and ERα in MG-63 cells. AzadC treatment and SOST overexpression in MG-63 cells altered cell proliferation and apoptosis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that higher methylation was associated with reduced SP7, RUNX2, and ERα binding to the SOST promoter in patients with osteoporosis. Our studies provide new insight into the role of SOST methylation in osteoporosis.
Evaluation of the radioprotective ability of cystamine for 150 keV – 500 MeV proton irradiation: a Monte Carlo track chemistry simulation study
Authors: Sepulveda Esteban , Sanguanmith Sunuchakan , Meesungnoen Jintana , Jay-Gerin Jean-Paul
Published: September 2018

Cystamine, an organic diamino-disulfide, is among the best of the known radiation-protective compounds, although the underlying molecular mechanisms by which it operates remain poorly understood. This study aims to use the aqueous ferrous sulfate (Fricke) dosimeter to evaluate the protective properties of this compound when present during irradiation by fast incident protons in the energy range of 150 keV – 500 MeV, that is, for “linear energy transfer” (LET) values ranging from ∼72.3 to 0.23 keV/μm. The presence of cystamine in irradiated Fricke solutions prevents the oxidation of Fe2+ ions by the oxidizing species produced in the radiolysis of acidic water, resulting in reduced Fe3+ ion yields. A Monte Carlo computer code is used to simulate the radiation-induced chemistry of the studied Fricke–cystamine solutions under aerated conditions while covering a wide range of cystamine concentrations from 5 × 10−7 to 1 mol/L. Results indicate that the protective activity of cystamine is due to its radical-capturing ability, a clear signature of the strong antioxidant profile of this compound. In addition, our simulations show that at low and intermediate concentrations of cystamine, its protective efficiency decreases with increasing LET, which is consistent with previous work. This finding stems from differences in the geometry of the track structures that change from low-LET isolated spherical “spurs” to high-LET dense continuous cylindrical tracks as LET increases. This study concludes that Monte Carlo simulations represent a powerful method for understanding, at the molecular level, indirect radiation damage to complex molecules such as cystamine.
Improved approximations for estimation of size-transition probabilities within size-structured models
Authors: Millar Russell B. , Nottingham Christopher D.
Published: September 2018

Modelling annual growth of individuals in a size-structured model requires calculation of the size-transition probabilities for moving from one size class to another. This requires evaluation of two-dimensional integrals when there is individual variability in growth. For computational simplicity, it is common to approximate the integrals by setting all individuals in a size class to the midsize of that class or by ignoring the individual variability. We develop a more accurate approximation that assumes a uniform distribution in size within each size class. The approximation is fast and hence feasible for Bayesian models in which the matrix of transition probabilities must be computed for each posterior sample. The improved accuracy of the new approximation is shown to hold over a diverse range of formulations for incremental growth. For the New Zealand Paua 5A (Haliotis iris) stock assessment model, it was found to reduce the average approximation error of the size-transition probabilities by 86% and 98% compared with the midpoint and deterministic growth approximations, respectively. Moreover, the midpoint and deterministic approximations inflated the estimated maximum sustainable yield by 6% and 8%, respectively, and the current biomass by almost 30% in comparison with the more accurate approximation.
Systematics of (n,p) reaction cross-sections for light element target nuclei at 14.5MeV neutrons
Authors: Ahmed Ali Hassan
Published: September 2018

The systematics of neutron-induced reactions at 14.5[Formula: see text]MeV are of great importance to describe the excitation of nuclei for the [Formula: see text] reactions. In this study, a new empirical formula is obtained by introducing the proton separation energy to the principal empirical formula for estimating the [Formula: see text] reaction cross-sections for 77 nuclei in the light element mass number range [Formula: see text] at the incident neutron energy of 14.5[Formula: see text]MeV. The calculated results are compared with the evaluated data declared by the TENDL nuclear data library. The predictions of our formula reveal better agreement with the experimental data than the results obtained from the previous suggested formulae.
THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON DROUGHT MANAGEMENT: EVIDENCE FROM JAPANESE RIVER BASINS
Authors: TEMBATA KAORI , TAKEUCHI KENJI
Published: September 2018

This study examines the effect of climate variability on water resource management during droughts. We use data from local droughts in Japan over three decades to investigate how variability in precipitation and temperature affects water restrictions implemented by drought coordination councils. We find that climate variability is significantly related to water restrictions in terms of both intensity and duration. The regression results show that a 100-mm decrease in annual precipitation is associated with a 0.2% increase in the water withdrawal restriction rate and an increase of one day in the restriction period. Our findings suggest that climate variability might induce more stringent water restrictions, implying negative consequences for water availability. This study thus shows the importance of strategically building adaptive capacity to climate change due to the risks of extreme weather events, such as prolonged droughts and extended summer seasons.
Reforming the UN Development System: Impetus, Agenda, and Chinese Proposals
Authors: Chen Dongxiao , Mao Ruipeng , Xue Lei
Published: September 2018

Over the past few years, the international community has undertaken proactive and extensive efforts to build a cohesive and effective United Nations Development System (UNDS) with more solid institutions and robust leadership. In line with the requirements set out in the UN 2030 Agenda, the United Nations, under the leadership of its secretary-general Antonio Guterres, came up with a reform package that would help contain the further fragmentation of the UNDS. Guided by the principles of extensive consultation, joint action, and shared benefits, China has been extending strong support for the United Nations’ reform efforts while playing an important role in global development cooperation. As the world’s largest developing country, China insists that any development agenda should always focus on development and that poverty eradication should be the top priority of the UN 2030 Agenda. A number of issues must be addressed when planning for future UNDS reform, in particular the targets and viable ways to promote incremental administrative reform, to improve the existing regional coordinator system, to bridge the funding gap and imbalance between core and non-core resources, and to exemplify emerging countries’ best practices.
Combination of baicalein and docetaxel additively inhibits the growth of non-small cell lung cancer in vivo
Authors: Lu Linwei , Zhao Zhengxiao , Liu Lumei , Gong Weiyi , Dong Jingcheng
Published: September 2018

Objective: The objective of this study is to preliminarily evaluate the efficacy of the combination of baicalein and docetaxel on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in vivo.

Methods: The subcutaneous model was established by inoculation of A549 cells, and then these tumor-bearing mice were randomly assigned to eight groups to receive normal saline (NS) as control, baicalein alone, Taxotere[Formula: see text] (docetaxel injection) alone or the combination of baicalein and Taxotere[Formula: see text]. The effect of the combination treatment was evaluated by [Formula: see text] value. Tumors were harvested for TUNEL and CD31 immunohistochemical staining and important organs for H&E staining.

Results: Baicalein 50[Formula: see text]mg/kg plus docetaxel 10[Formula: see text]mg/kg significantly reduced tumor weight and inhibited the growth rate of tumor, displaying the additive effect indicated by the [Formula: see text] value. Increased apoptosis and decreased tumor angiogenesis also provided pathological evidence. Additionally, baicalein 50[Formula: see text]mg/kg plus docetaxel 10[Formula: see text]mg/kg did not increase toxicity in lung, liver and kidney.

Conclusion: Baicalein 50[Formula: see text]mg/kg plus docetaxel 10[Formula: see text]mg/kg additively inhibits the growth of NSCLC in vivo, and the mechanism underlying remains to be discovered.
Mind your state for your state of mind
Authors: Helland Pat
Published: September 2018

The interactions between storage and applications can be complex and subtle.
Reaping the benefits of a diverse background
Authors: Hoffmann Leah
Published: September 2018

Earlier this year, ACM named Dina Katabi of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory recipient of the 2017 ACM Prize in Computing for her creative contributions to wireless systems.
The business of quantum computing
Authors: Cusumano Michael A.
Published: September 2018

Considering the similarities of quantum computing development to the early years of conventional computing.
A pedagogic cybersecurity framework
Authors: Swire Peter
Published: September 2018

A proposal for teaching the organizational, legal, and international aspects of cybersecurity.
The obscene coupling known as spaghetti code
Authors: Neville-Neil George V.
Published: September 2018

Teach your junior programmers how to read code.
Invasion Success and Management Strategies for Social Vespula Wasps
Authors: Lester Philip J. , Beggs Jacqueline R.
Published: September 2018

Three species of Vespula have become invasive in Australia, Hawai‘i, New Zealand, and North and South America and continue to spread. These social wasp species can achieve high nest densities, and their behavioral plasticity has led to substantial impacts on recipient communities. Ecologically, they affect all trophic levels, restructuring communities and altering resource flows. Economically, their main negative effect is associated with pollination and the apicultural industry. Climate change is likely to exacerbate their impacts in many regions. Introduced Vespula spp. likely experience some degree of enemy release from predators or parasites, although they are exposed to a wide range of microbial pathogens in both their native and introduced range. Toxic baits have been significantly improved over the last decade, enabling effective landscape-level control. Although investigated extensively, no effective biological control agents have yet been found. Emerging technologies such as gene drives are under consideration.
Self-Leadership: A Paradoxical Core of Organizational Behavior
Authors: Stewart Greg L. , Courtright Stephen H. , Manz Charles C.
Published: September 2018

This review focuses on the paradoxical concept of self-leadership—defined as a comprehensive self-influence process capturing how individuals motivate themselves to complete work that is naturally motivating or work that must be done but is not naturally motivating—as a fundamental process that challenges many traditional assumptions in organizational psychology and organizational behavior. We first present a historical review that traces the roots of self-leadership to early psychological theory and research. We next briefly summarize research related to self-leadership at both the individual and team levels of analysis. We then discuss four paradoxes associated with self-leadership: the paradox of self-leadership depletion and strengthening, the paradox of self-leadership through collaboration, the paradox of me-but-not-you self-leadership, and the paradox of needing self-leadership to improve self-leadership. We conclude with guidelines for future research and practice.
Evolved Mechanisms of Aerobic Performance and Hypoxia Resistance in High-Altitude Natives
Authors: McClelland Grant B. , Scott Graham R.
Published: September 2018

Comparative physiology studies of high-altitude species provide an exceptional opportunity to understand naturally evolved mechanisms of hypoxia resistance. Aerobic capacity (VO2max) is a critical performance trait under positive selection in some high-altitude taxa, and several high-altitude natives have evolved to resist the depressive effects of hypoxia on VO2max. This is associated with enhanced flux capacity through the O2 transport cascade and attenuation of the maladaptive responses to chronic hypoxia that can impair O2 transport. Some highlanders exhibit elevated rates of carbohydrate oxidation during exercise, taking advantage of its high ATP yield per mole of O2. Certain highland native animals have also evolved more oxidative muscles and can sustain high rates of lipid oxidation to support thermogenesis. The underlying mechanisms include regulatory adjustments of metabolic pathways and to gene expression networks. Therefore, the evolution of hypoxia resistance in high-altitude natives involves integrated functional changes in the pathways for O2 and substrate delivery and utilization by mitochondria.
Copper transporter ATP7A interacts with IQGAP1, a Rac1 binding scaffolding protein: role in PDGF-induced VSMC migration and vascular remodeling
Authors: Ashino Takashi , Kohno Takashi , Sudhahar Varadarajan , Ash Dipankar , Ushio-Fukai Masuko , Fukai Tohru
Published: September 2018

Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration contributes to neointimal formation after vascular injury. We previously demonstrated that copper (Cu) transporter ATP7A is involved in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced VSMC migration in a Cu- and Rac1-dependent manner. The underlying mechanism is still unknown. Here we show that ATP7A interacts with IQGAP1, a Rac1 and receptor tyrosine kinase binding scaffolding proteins, which mediates PDGF-induced VSMC migration and vascular remodeling. In cultured rat aortic SMCs, PDGF stimulation rapidly promoted ATP7A association with IQGAP1 and Rac1 and their translocation to the lipid rafts and leading edge. Cotransfection assay revealed that ATP7A directly bound to NH2-terminal domain of IQGAP1. Functionally, either ATP7A or IQGAP1 depletion using siRNA significantly inhibited PDGF-induced VSMC migration without additive effects, suggesting that IQGAP1 and ATP7A are in the same axis to promote migration. Furthermore, IQGAP1 siRNA blocked PDGF-induced ATP7A association with Rac1 as well as its translocation to leading edge, while PDGF-induced IQGAP1 translocation was not affected by ATP7A siRNA or Cu chelator. Overexpression of mutant IQGAP1 lacking a Rac1 binding site prevented PDGF-induced translocation of Rac1, but not ATP7A, to the leading edge, thereby inhibiting lamellipodia formation and VSMC migration. In vivo, ATP7A colocalized with IQGAP1 at neointimal VSMCs in a mice wire injury model, while neointimal formation and extracellular matrix deposition induced by vascular injury were inhibited in ATP7A mutant mice with reduced Cu transporter function. In summary, IQGAP1 functions as ATP7A and Rac1 binding scaffolding protein to organize PDGF-dependent ATP7A translocation to the lamellipodial leading edge, thereby promoting VSMC migration and vascular remodeling.
Micro-CT imaging and structural analysis of glomeruli in a model of Adriamycin-induced nephropathy
Authors: Xie Luke , Koukos Georgios , Barck Kai , Foreman Oded , Lee Wyne P. , Brendza Robert , Eastham-Anderson Jeff , McKenzie Brent S. , Peterson Andrew , Carano Richard A. D.
Published: September 2018

Glomeruli number and size are important for determining the pathogenesis of glomerular disease, chronic kidney disease, and hypertension. Moreover, renal injury can occur in specific cortical layers and alter glomerular spatial distribution. In this study, we present a comprehensive structural analysis of glomeruli in a model of Adriamycin (doxorubicin) nephropathy. Glomeruli are imaged (micro-CT at 10 × 10 × 10 μm3) in kidney specimens from C57Bl/6 mouse cohorts: control treated with saline ( n = 9) and Adriamycin treated with 20 mg/kg Adriamycin ( n = 7). Several indices were examined, including glomerular number, glomerular volume, glomerular volume heterogeneity, and spatial density at each glomerulus and in each cortical layer (superficial, midcortical, and juxtamedullary). In the Adriamycin-treated animals, glomerular number decreased significantly in the left kidney [control: 8,298 ± 221, Adriamycin: 6,781 ± 630 (mean ± SE)] and right kidney (control: 7,317 ± 367, Adriamycin: 5,522 ± 508), and glomerular volume heterogeneity increased significantly in the left kidney (control: 0.642 ± 0.015, Adriamycin: 0.786 ± 0.018) and right kidney (control: 0.739 ± 0.016, Adriamycin: 0.937 ± 0.023). Glomerular spatial density was not affected. Glomerular volume heterogeneity increased significantly in the superficial and midcortical layers of the Adriamycin cohort. Adriamycin did not affect glomerular volume or density metrics in the juxtamedullary region, suggesting a compensatory mechanism of juxtamedullary glomeruli to injury in the outer cortical layers. Left/right asymmetry was observed in kidney size and various glomeruli metrics. The methods presented here can be used to evaluate renal disease models with subtle changes in glomerular endowment locally or across the entire kidney, and they provide an imaging tool to investigate diverse interventions and therapeutic drugs.
Microvascular rarefaction and hypertension in the impaired recovery and progression of kidney disease following AKI in preexisting CKD states
Authors: Polichnowski Aaron J.
Published: September 2018

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major complication in hospitalized patients and is associated with elevated mortality rates. Numerous recent studies indicate that AKI also significantly increases the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in those patients who survive AKI. Moreover, the risk of ESRD and mortality after AKI is substantially higher in patients with preexisting CKD. However, the underlying mechanisms by which AKI and CKD interact to promote ESRD remain poorly understood. The recently developed models that superimpose AKI on rodents with preexisting CKD have provided new insights into the pathogenic mechanisms mediating the deleterious interactions between AKI and CKD. These studies show that preexisting CKD impairs recovery from AKI and promotes the development of mechanisms of CKD progression. Specifically, preexisting CKD exacerbates microvascular rarefaction, failed tubular redifferentiation, disruption of cell cycle regulation, hypertension, and proteinuria after AKI. The purpose of this review is to discuss the potential mechanisms by which microvascular rarefaction and hypertension contribute to impaired recovery from AKI and the subsequent progression of renal disease in preexisting CKD states.
Surface Thermodynamic Gradients Associated with Gulf of Mexico Sea-Breeze Fronts
Authors: White Loren D. , Koziara Michael
Published: September 2018

High spatial/temporal resolution mobile transects were used to examine the thermal and moisture structure of the sea-breeze front (SBF) along the Mississippi coast during August 2014 and 2015. Compared to most similar studies, conditions were much warmer and more humid. Results show a 1-2 g/kg increase in mixing ratio across the mature SBF zone, and up to a 2.5°C temperature decrease. When SBF radar fine lines are identifiable, their position agrees very well with surface thermodynamic changes. Although temperatures were cooler at the coast, microscale offsets in location of thermal, moisture, and radiative features are noted in the vicinity of the SBF, particularly when the sea-breeze system is relatively weak or immature. At times, it seems that strong solar insolation causes the temperature to rise temporarily within the transition zone behind the kinematic SBF. These results are at variance with most other diagnostic studies. Some thermodynamic variations are noted within the marine air mass in connection to minor water bodies such as Biloxi Bay. The potential for passage of the SBF to at least temporarily increase human heat stress as described by heat index is also noted.
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health-Related Quality of Life among Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Bach Xuan , Moir Mackenzie PI , Thai Thao Phuong Thi , Nguyen Long Hoang , Ha Giang Hai , Nguyen Thu Hong Thi , Truong Nu Thi , Latkin Carl A.
Published: September 2018

Purpose. This study aims to explore the sociodemographic differences in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among Vietnamese patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Methods. A cross-sectional survey of 600 cardiovascular disease patients (300 inpatients and 300 outpatients) being treated at the Hanoi Heart Hospital was completed between July and December 2016. Data about HRQOL were collected by using the EuroQol-5 Dimensions-5 Levels (EQ-5D-5L) and EuroQOL-visual analogue scale (VAS). Sociodemographic characteristics were collected. A multivariate Tobit regression was used to detect the correlations between HRQOL and sociodemographic factors. Results. Our sample had an average EQ-5D index of 0.82 (SD=0.21) and VAS score of 77.8 (SD=13.6). Participants were most likely to report problems in pain/discomfort (38.8%) and anxiety/depression (35.2%) and were least likely to report problems related to self-care (19.8%). Age and sex were strongly associated with the EQ-5D index and the VAS. Having health insurance and the number of hospital visits were negatively associated with HRQOL, while participation in the chronic disease management program had the positive relationship. Conclusions. HRQOL among patients with CVD was moderately lower compared to the Vietnamese general population. Sociodemographic characteristics were strongly associated with HRQOL suggesting that addressing these inequalities should be prioritized in delivering services. Patients should also be encouraged to participate in the chronic disease management program due to its positive effects on quality of life.
Uncertain Analysis of a Stationary Solar Compound Parabolic Concentrator PV Collector System Using Fuzzy Set Theory
Authors: Lee Hoe-Gil , Rao Singiresu S.
Published: September 2018

The uncertain analysis of fixed solar compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) collector system is investigated for use in combination with solar PV cells. Within solar CPC PV collector systems, any radiation within the collector acceptance angle enters through the aperture and finds its way to the absorber surface by multiple internal reflections. It is essential that the design of any solar collector aims to maximize PV performance since this will elicit a higher collection of solar radiation. In order to analyze uncertainty of the solar CPC collector system in the optimization problem formulation, three objectives are outlined. Seasonal demands are considered for maximizing two of these objectives, the annual average incident solar energy and the lowest month incident solar energy during winter; the lowest cost of the CPC collector system is approached as a third objective. This study investigates uncertain analysis of a solar CPC PV collector system using fuzzy set theory. The fuzzy analysis methodology is suitable for ambiguous problems to predict variations. Uncertain parameters are treated as random variables or uncertain inputs to predict performance. The fuzzy membership functions are used for modeling uncertain or imprecise design parameters of a solar PV collector system. Triangular membership functions are used to represent the uncertain parameters as fuzzy quantities. A fuzzy set analysis methodology is used for analyzing the three objective constrained optimization problems.
Leaf Extracts of Aerva lanata Inhibit the Activities of Type 2 Diabetes‐Related Enzymes and Possess Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Akanji Musbau Adewunmi , Olukolu Samson Olasunkanmi , Kazeem Mutiu Idowu
Published: September 2018

The leaves of Aerva lanata are one of the indigenous medicinal plants used in the management of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in Africa. However, its effect on the activities of diabetes‐related enzymes has not been investigated. This study evaluated the in vitro inhibitory effects of different extracts of the A. lanata leaf on the activities of diabetes‐related enzymes (α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase) and chemically induced free radicals. Aqueous, ethanol, and hydroethanol extracts of A. lanata leaves were subjected to a standard enzyme inhibition assay followed by determination of modes of inhibition of the enzymes. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated using 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2‐azino‐bis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) (ABTS). The results obtained showed that the hydroethanol extract of the A. lanata leaf optimally inhibited both α‐amylase (IC50: 2.42 mg/mL) and α‐glucosidase (IC50: 0.23 mg/mL). The Lineweaver‐Burk plot revealed that the mode of inhibition of both enzymes by the hydroethanol extract was uncompetitive. However, the hydroethanol and aqueous extracts displayed the best DPPH and ABTS radical‐scavenging ability, respectively. It can be concluded that the A. lanata extract inhibited the activities of both α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase uncompetitively, which may be attributed to its free radical‐scavenging properties and rich phenolic composition.
Enhancing Freeway Safety through Intervening in Traffic Flow Dynamics Based on Variable Speed Limit Control
Authors: You Jinming , Fang Shouen , Zhang Lanfang , Taplin John , Guo Jingqiu
Published: September 2018

New technologies and traffic data sources provide great potential to extend advanced strategies in freeway safety research. The High Definition Monitoring System (HDMS) data contribute comprehensive and precise individual vehicle information. This paper proposes an innovative Variable Speed Limit (VSL) based approach to manage crash risks by intervening in traffic flow dynamics on freeways using HDMS data. We first conducted an empirical analysis on real-time crash risk estimation using a binary logistic regression model. Then, intensive microscopic simulations based on AIMSUN were carried out to explore the effects of various intervention strategies with respect to a 3-lane freeway stretch in China. Different speed limits with distinct compliance rates under specified traffic conditions have been simulated. By taking into account the trade-off between safety benefits and delay in travel time, the speed limit strategies were optimized under various traffic conditions and the model with gradient feedback produces more satisfactory performance in controlling real-time crash risks. Last, the results were integrated into lane management strategies. This research can provide new ideas and methods to reveal the freeway crash risk evolution and active traffic management.