bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iontophoretic delivery of methotrexate in the treatment of palmar psoriasis: A randomised controlled study
Authors: Andanooru Chandrappa Naveen Kumar , Channakeshavaiah Ravikumar Banavase , Rangegowda Suresh Mahadevarahalli
Published: January 2020

Background/Objectives

Palmoplantar psoriasis is a localised variant of psoriasis. Topical therapy is the preferred treatment modality, but in severe and recalcitrant cases, systemic drugs like methotrexate are prescribed, with potential for significant adverse effects. Iontophoresis is gaining popularity in enhancing the transdermal delivery of drugs in ionic state. This study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the efficacy of topical methotrexate by iontophoresis technique with clobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment in the treatment of palmar psoriasis.

Methods

This was a prospective randomised controlled study conducted on patients with palmar psoriasis. Group 1 patients (n = 31) were treated with once weekly iontophoretic delivery of methotrexate over 6 sittings, and group 2 patients (n = 31) were treated with clobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment, twice daily for 6 weeks. Severity of palmar psoriasis was assessed by modified Palmoplantar Pustular Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (m‐PPPASI), and treatment was considered as satisfactory when there was >50% improvement.

Results

Sixty two patients were recruited, of which 50 completed the study. Eight out of 25 (32%) patients in group 1 and 12 out of 25 (48%) patients in group 2 showed satisfactory improvement at the end of 6 weeks. However, this difference was statistically not significant (P = 0.25). Burn injury was noted in 12 (48%) group 1 patients with no adverse effects in group 2.

Conclusion

Iontophoretic delivery of methotrexate is a promising therapeutic modality, the efficacy of which is comparable to that of clobetasol propionate ointment in the treatment of palmar psoriasis.
In vitro exposure to metformin activates human spermatozoa at therapeutically relevant concentrations
Authors: Yang Yuan , Chen Houyang , Weng Shiqi , Pan Tingting , Chen Wenqiong , Wang Fang , Luo Tao , Tang Yuxin
Published: January 2020

Background

Metformin, a drug used to treat type 2 diabetes, has gained attention for its multiple therapeutic applications. However, little is known about its effects on human sperm function at therapeutically relevant concentration.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to elucidate the in vitro actions of metformin on human sperm function and explore the underlying mechanism of any effects.

Materials and methods

Human ejaculated spermatozoa were treated with therapeutically relevant concentrations (0.25, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 µM) of metformin in vitro. Fertilization‐essential functions of spermatozoa were examined, including viability, motility, capacitation, acrosome reaction, hyperactivation, and penetration ability. The signaling pathways mediated by 5′‐AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), and tyrosine phosphorylation of spermatozoa were also measured.

Results

Although metformin did not affect sperm viability, motility, and [Ca2+]i, it significantly increased the percentages of capacitated spermatozoa, acrosomal‐reacted spermatozoa, and hyperactivated spermatozoa as well as penetration ability of human spermatozoa at the concentrations of 40 and 80 µM (P < .05). These concentrations of metformin also elevated the levels of phosphorylated AMPK and tyrosine phosphorylation in human spermatozoa. In addition, activation of AMPK by A769662 (an AMPK activator) had similar effects to metformin on human spermatozoa, while inhibition of AMPK by Compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) suppressed the enhancement of metformin on human spermatozoa.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that metformin activates human sperm function through an AMPK‐related mechanism which increases tyrosine phosphorylation at therapeutically relevant concentrations, thereby suggesting its improvement on human sperm function when treating subfertile males of type 2 diabetes.
Editorial: inaccuracies in attribution of symptoms due to gluten—not just in those with self‐reported noncoeliac gluten sensitivity
Authors: Gibson Peter R.
Published: January 2020

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Daveson et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15551 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15629.
Editorial: histologic normalisation in ulcerative colitis. Authors' reply
Authors: Cushing Kelly C. , Ananthakrishnan Ashwin N.
Published: January 2020

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Cushing et al and Pai et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15568 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15617.
Editorial: interventions in infantile colic – can efficacy be attributed to treatment or to time? Authors' reply
Authors: Nocerino Rita , De Filippis Francesca , Cecere Gaetano , Marino Antonio , Micillo Maria , Di Scala Carmen , de Caro Carmen , Calignano Antonio , Bruno Cristina , Paparo Lorella , Iannicelli Anna Maria , Cosenza Linda , Maddalena Ylenia , della Gatta Giusy , Coppola Serena , Carucci Laura , Ercolini Danilo , Berni Canani Roberto
Published: January 2020

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Nocerino et al and Iacovou papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15561 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15599.
Estimation of genetic parameters of defective appearances in Japanese Black heifer calves in Kagoshima
Authors: Oyama Hidemi , Imamura Kiyoto , Sakamoto Shinichi , Nishi Kazutaka , Kawabe Kotaro , Okamoto Shin , Honda Takeshi , Oyama Kenji , Shimogiri Takeshi
Published: January 2020

Defective appearances, including white spotting (WS), tongue defect (TD), and nipple defect (ND), in Japanese Black cattle potentially lead to economic losses to farmers in Japan. We estimated genetic parameters of defective appearances using 553,433 records of Japanese Black heifer calves housed in the Kagoshima Prefecture. Variance and covariance were estimated using the Gibbs sampling algorithm. The estimated heritability ranged from 0.29 for TD to 0.76 for WS. Percent breeding value (%BV) estimates indicated high variation in WS and ND among sires, reflecting higher heritability. Furthermore, there was a positive linear relationship between the %BV estimate of a sire and the mean incidence rate of each defect in his female offsprings. TD was positively associated with other defects. Therefore, genetic factors strongly affect the incidence of defective appearances in Japanese Black cattle.
Masticatory performance and oral health‐related quality of life in edentulous maxillectomy patients: A cross‐sectional study to compare implant‐supported obturators and conventional obturators
Authors: Buurman Doke J. M. , Speksnijder Caroline M. , Engelen Britt H. B. T. , Kessler Peter
Published: January 2020

Objective

The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to compare the masticatory performance and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of edentulous maxillectomy patients with and without implant‐supported obturator prostheses.

Material and methods

Nineteen edentulous maxillectomy patients with completed prosthetic obturator treatment in the upper jaw participated in this study. In nine patients, the obturator prosthesis was supported by implants in the remaining bone of the midface and/or skull base to improve retention. Masticatory performance was measured objectively by the mixing ability test (MAT) and subjectively by three OHRQoL questionnaires: (a) the Oral Health Impact Profile for EDENTulous people (OHIP‐EDENT), (b) the Obturator Function Scale (OFS), and (c) the Dutch Liverpool Oral Rehabilitation Questionnaire version 3 (LORQv3‐NL). The independent t test and the Mann–Whitney U test were used to test for differences in outcomes of patients with and without implant‐retention of their obturator prostheses.

Results

Patients with implant‐supported obturator prostheses had significantly better masticatory and oral function, reported fewer chewing difficulties, and had less discomfort during food intake than did patients with a conventional obturator.

Conclusion

Supporting prosthetic obturators after maxillectomy with implants improve oral functioning, chewing, and eating comfort. This treatment modality is a viable technique to improve the functionality of prosthetic rehabilitation in patients who have undergone maxillectomy.
Divergent neuronal activity patterns in the avian hippocampus and nidopallium
Authors: van der Meij Jacqueline , Rattenborg Niels C. , Beckers Gabriël J. L.
Published: January 2020

Sleep‐related brain activity occurring during non‐rapid eye‐movement (NREM) sleep is proposed to play a role in processing information acquired during wakefulness. During mammalian NREM sleep, the transfer of information from the hippocampus to the neocortex is thought to be mediated by neocortical slow‐waves and their interaction with thalamocortical spindles and hippocampal sharp‐wave ripples (SWRs). In birds, brain regions composed of pallial neurons homologous to neocortical (pallial) neurons also generate slow‐waves during NREM sleep, but little is known about sleep‐related activity in the hippocampus and its possible relationship to activity in other pallial regions. We recorded local field potentials (LFP) and analogue multiunit activity (AMUA) using a 64‐channel silicon multi‐electrode probe simultaneously inserted into the hippocampus and medial part of the nidopallium (i.e., caudal medial nidopallium; NCM) or separately into the caudolateral nidopallium (NCL) of adult female zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) anesthetized with isoflurane, an anesthetic known to induce NREM sleep‐like slow‐waves. We show that slow‐waves in NCM and NCL propagate as waves of neuronal activity. In contrast, the hippocampus does not show slow‐waves, nor sharp‐wave ripples, but instead displays localized gamma activity. In conclusion, neuronal activity in the avian hippocampus differs from that described in mammals during NREM sleep, suggesting that hippocampal memories are processed differently during sleep in birds and mammals.
Using Values, Beliefs, and Norms to Predict Conserving Behaviors in Organizations
Authors: Ciocirlan Cristina E. , Gregory‐Smith Diana , Manika Danae , Wells Victoria
Published: January 2020

Although micro‐level research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) has started to grow, little is known about the antecedents of employee conserving behaviors .(e.g., recycling, repurposing or reusing materials, and saving energy). Conserving behaviors can be explained by the individual‐level psychographic variables captured by the values‐beliefs‐norms (VBN) framework. Given the mixed empirical findings of previous VBN applications in organizations, this paper examines the full VBN model within a workplace context and extends the model by analyzing the effects of VBN variables on employee conserving behaviors. A quantitative survey with a sample of 714 UK office‐based employees across a range of industries is utilized and data are analyzed using a Smart PLS approach. We find direct and indirect effects among the VBN variables: in particular, personal norms strongly affect all conserving behaviors studied, highlighting the relevance of norming interventions in organizations. Theoretical and managerial implications are provided.
Seizures induce obstructive apnea in DBA/2J audiogenic seizure‐prone mice: Lifesaving impact of tracheal implants
Authors: Irizarry Rachel , Sukato Daniel , Kollmar Richard , Schild Samuel , Silverman Joshua , Sundaram Krishnamurthi , Stephenson Stacy , Stewart Mark
Published: January 2020

The mechanism(s) for sudden death in epilepsy (SUDEP) remain(s) unknown, but seizure spread to brainstem areas serving autonomic and respiratory function is critical. In a rat model, we established a mechanism for SUDEP that involves seizure‐induced laryngospasm and obstructive apnea lasting until respiratory arrest. We hypothesized that DBA/2J mice, which display lethal audiogenic seizures, would be protected from death by implanting a tracheal T‐tube as a surrogate airway. In a 2 × 2 design, mice were implanted with either open or closed tracheal T‐tubes and treated with either low‐dose ketamine/xylazine to moderate thoracic spasm during the tonic seizure phase or no drug. Animals receiving both treatments had the highest survival rate, followed by animals receiving the open tube without ketamine/xylazine. The odds ratio for survival was >20 higher with an open T‐tube (odds ratio = 24.14). The impact of open tracheal tubes indicates that the mechanism of death in DBA/2J mice involves seizure‐induced upper airway obstruction until respiratory arrest. These results, our rat work, and our demonstration of inspiratory effort‐based electromyographic signals and electrocardiographic abnormalities in rats and humans suggest that seizure‐induced laryngospasm and obstructive apnea directly link seizure activity to respiratory arrest in these sudden death examples.
Building trust in public sector networks: The role of rhetoric and persuasion
Authors: Dudau Adina Iulia , Favotto Alvise , Kominis Georgios , Sicilia Mariafrancesca
Published: January 2020

This study investigates how rhetoric is used to generate trust in public sector inter‐organisational networks. Drawing on evidence from a Local Safeguarding Children Board in England, where formal control systems were recognised to be insufficient to deal with the uncertainty inherent in the particular policy area, we explore how trustworthiness is negotiated amongst network partners through network leaders’ use of persuasive rhetoric. The main contribution that we bring to the existing literature is providing a description of the processes through which trust is generated in a public sector multi‐partner setting. Our findings suggest that these are established within a feedforward control framework within the given network setting.
Trends in severe opioid‐related poisonings and fatalities reported to the Paris poison control center – a 10‐year retrospective observational study
Authors: Caré Weniko , Langrand Jérôme , Vodovar Dominique , Deveaux Marc , Alvarez Jean‐Claude , Mégarbane Bruno , Dorandeu Frédéric
Published: January 2020

France is experiencing an increase in the number of opioid prescriptions and related fatalities. We carried out a retrospective observational study using data from the Paris PCC over a 10‐year period. The main objective was to obtain an epidemiological description of the severe reported cases. The secondary objectives were to assess the evolution of the number of these cases and their severity defined by the use of fentanyl and its derivatives, the use of the opioid‐poisoning treatment naloxone, and the number of fatalities. During 2008–2017, 268 511 cases were recorded, including 1 122 cases of opioid‐related poisoning that required medical management. These poisonings involved tramadol (43%), codeine (25%), dextropropoxyphene (13%), and morphine (8%); most resulted from self‐exposure (60%). During the 10‐year study period, 130 opioid‐related fatalities were recorded in the Paris area, mainly resulting from suicides (39%) in men and were attributed to morphine (27%), tramadol (24%), and methadone (21%). We did not identify an increase in the number of severe opioid‐related poisonings or fatalities or in the use of fentanyl or its derivatives. Conversely, we observed an increase in the use of naloxone, suggesting an increase in the severity of opioid poisonings. Our findings show that, until 2017, the opioid overdose epidemiology in the Paris area is different to that in the USA. The systematic analysis of data from the PCCs could be a good tool for health monitoring. To assess trends in France, a national study over a longer period would also be useful.
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species‐mediated cytotoxicity of intracellularly accumulated dihydrosphingosine in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Arita Nobuaki , Sakamoto Risa , Tani Motohiro
Published: January 2020

In eukaryotic cells, the content of sphingoid long‐chain bases (LCBs) is generally much lower than that of complex sphingolipids and ceramides, and the quantitative balance of these metabolites in cells is tightly regulated. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it has been demonstrated that exogenously added phytosphingosine (PHS) causes a strong growth defect in tryptophan auxotrophic cells, due to delayed uptake of tryptophan from the culture medium; however, the growth inhibitory effect of dihydrosphingosine (DHS) is less than that of PHS in tryptophan auxotrophic cells. Here, we found that, in tryptophan‐prototrophic yeast cells, exogenously added DHS is much more toxic than PHS. Exogenously added DHS is converted to PHS, Cers, or LCB 1‐phosphates through the action of sphingolipid C4‐hydroxylase, Cer synthases, or LCB kinases, respectively; however, suppression of further metabolism of DHS in cells resulted in an increase in the growth inhibitory activity of exogenously added DHS, indicating that DHS itself is causative of the cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity of DHS was not mediated by Pkh1/2, Sch9, and Ypk1/2 kinases, intracellular targets of LCBs. DHS treatment caused an increase in mitochondria‐derived reactive oxygen species, and the cytotoxic effect of DHS was suppressed by depletion of mitochondrial DNA or antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine, but enhanced by deletion of SOD1 and SOD2 encoding superoxide dismutases. Thus, collectively, these results indicated that intracellularly accumulated DHS has mitochondrial reactive oxygen species‐mediated cytotoxic activity, which is much more potent than that of PHS.
Caenorhabditis elegans phosphatase complexes in UniProtKB and Complex Portal
Authors: Bye‐A‐Jee Hema , Zaru Rossana , Magrane Michele , Orchard Sandra ,   the UniProt Consortium
Published: January 2020

Phosphatases play an essential role in the regulation of protein phosphorylation. Less abundant than kinases, many phosphatases are components of one or more macromolecular complexes with different substrate specificities and specific functionalities. The expert scientific curation of phosphatase complexes for the UniProt and Complex Portal databases supports the whole scientific community by collating and organising small‐ and large‐scale experimental data from the scientific literature into context‐specific central resources, where the data can be freely accessed and used to further academic and translational research. In this review, we discuss how the diverse biological functions of phosphatase complexes are presented in UniProt and the Complex Portal, and how understanding the biological significance of phosphatase complexes in Caenorhabditis elegans offers insight into the mechanisms of substrate diversity in a variety of cellular and molecular processes.
Probability of incubation by male Japanese Barn Swallows increases with plasma testosterone level
Authors: Hasegawa Masaru , Arai Emi , Nakamura Masahiko
Published: January 2020

Empirical studies often support the notion that testosterone inhibits paternal behaviour in animals, although most studies have focused on high, as opposed to low, levels of paternal care. We studied the relationship between plasma testosterone levels and incubation in male Japanese Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica gutturalis, in which some males participate in incubation. Contrary to our prediction, the probability of incubation by males increased with plasma testosterone level. Male incubation behaviour might have emerged as part of nest monitoring behaviour by high‐testosterone males in some subspecies that experience high nest predation rates.
ICD implantation for secondary prevention in patients with ventricular arrhythmia in the setting of acute cardiac ischemia and a history of myocardial infarction
Authors: van Dijk Vincent F. , Quast Anne‐Floor B. E. , Schaap Jeroen , Balt Jippe C. , Kelder J. C. , Wijffels Maurits C. E. F. , de Groot Joris R. , Boersma Lucas V. A.
Published: January 2020

Introduction

In patients with a prior myocardial infarction (MI) but preserved left ventricular (LV) function, sustained ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) may arise in the setting of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). It is unknown whether an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) is mandatory in these patients as VA might be triggered by a reversible cause. The purpose of this study is to analyze the benefit of ICD therapy in this patient population.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective observational study in ICD recipients implanted from 2008 to 2011. The study group consisted of patients with sustained VA in the setting of an ACS, with a history of MI, but with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) greater than 35 (group A). The two control groups consisted of patients admitted with VA with a history of MI, but without ACS at presentation, either with LVEF greater than 35% (group B) or ≤35% (group C). The primary endpoint was the number of patients with appropriate ICD therapy (antitachycardia pacing or shock).

Results

A total of 291 patients were included with a mean follow‐up of 5.3 years. Appropriate ICD therapy occurred in 45.6% of the patients in group A vs 51.6% and 60.4% in groups B and C (P = .11). In group A, 31.1% received an appropriate ICD shock vs 34.7% and 44.3% in control groups B and C (P = .12).

Conclusion

On the basis of these data, ICD implantation seems warranted in patients with history of MI presenting with VA in the setting of an ACS, despite preserved LV function and adequate revascularization. Further trials, preferably randomizes, should be performed to address these findings.
The two‐dimensional size of peri‐implant soft tissue in the anterior maxilla and some relevance: A 1‐ to 7‐year cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Dandan , Jin Jiali , Qi Wenting , Lin Guofen , Sun Ping , He Fuming
Published: January 2020

Aim

This study measured the two‐dimensional size of soft and hard tissues and analysed some relevance between them.

Material and methods

Ninety‐six maxillary anterior implants with a follow‐up time 1–7 years postoperatively were evaluated. We superimposed the CBCT data of 72 patients with the optical scan data, followed by the measurements of the thickness and the height of soft and bone tissues. The shoulder of the implant was the reference point for all vertical measurements.

Results

At the level of implant shoulder, the mid‐buccal mean thickness of soft tissue was 1.83 ± 0.76 mm, and on the palatal side, it was 4.00 ± 1.22 mm. The mean height of mid‐buccal and mid‐palatal gingiva was 4.16 ± 1.07 mm and 4.27 ± 1.07 mm. The buccal and palatal vertical bone wall peak was 0.41 ± 0.73 mm and 0.22 ± 0.57 mm coronal to the implant shoulder, and the marginal bone loss was −0.28 ± 0.76 mm and −0.84 ± 1.41 mm. Correlation analysis showed that the soft tissue thickness was negatively correlated with the bone thickness at 0 mm on the buccal side and at 0/2/4 mm on the palatal side apical towards from implant shoulder. The gingival height was significantly positively correlated with bone peak height and marginal bone height.

Conclusion

Soft and hard tissues were basically negatively correlated in the horizontal direction. Sites with little marginal bone loss or high bone peak positively correlated with higher soft tissue levels.
Response to ‘Anal cancer screening and Pap testing acceptability among HIV‐positive men who have sex with men populations’
Authors: Schwierzeck V. , Todorova A. , Traidl‐Hoffmann C.
Published: January 2020

Linked article: C. Kerr et al. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34: e226–e228. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16195.
Contribution of a parasitoid species to multiplication and transmission of a multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus in caterpillars
Authors: Zhang Hao , Jiang Jie‐Xian , Chen Yi‐Juan , Wang Jin‐Yan , Ji Xiang‐Yun , Wan Nian‐Feng
Published: January 2020

Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) and Microplitis pallidipes are both used as biocontrol agents of the beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua). However, it has not been determined how beet armyworms respond when these agents interact. Here, we studied the effects of M. pallidipes on virus multiplication and transmission using quantitative detection of SeMNPV. Our results indicated that parasitoids promoted virus multiplication in caterpillars (105 copies per caterpillar) and that it was more advantageous when the M. pallidipes oviposited one day prior to infection with NPV. Interestingly, SeMNPV was transmitted by M. pallidipes in four ways. Transmission efficiency was higher for parasitoids whose body surfaces were contaminated with NPV, and for parasitoids ovipositing on NPV‐infected caterpillars, than for those emerging from NPV‐infected caterpillars, or feeding on mixtures of honey, water and NPV. Our study reveals that parasitoids do affect the proliferation and transmission of NPV in caterpillars and suggests that M. pallidipes could be used to strengthen the effectiveness of SeMNPV as a biocontrol agent.
A Dyadic Analysis of Attachment Insecurities and Romantic Disengagement among Couples Seeking Relationship Therapy
Authors: Callaci Melissa , Péloquin Katherine , Barry Robin A. , Tremblay Nadine
Published: January 2020

This study sought to assess the role of attachment insecurities on romantic disengagement among couples seeking relationship therapy. Dyadic associations were examined between attachment insecurities and romantic disengagement, accounting for depression, relationship satisfaction, and commitment, using a sample of 171 couples. Partners completed the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale and the Romantic Disengagement Scale. Path analysis revealed that attachment‐related avoidance, but not anxiety, was associated with romantic disengagement. Men's attachment‐related anxiety was related to greater disengagement in their partner. The combination of men's attachment‐related avoidance and women's attachment‐related anxiety was also significantly associated with women's romantic disengagement. Although attachment insecurities were associated with romantic disengagement, contextual and intrapersonal factors also contributed to our understanding of disengagement. Findings are discussed in light of clinical interventions for couple therapy.
The endoplasmic reticulum acetyltransferases ATase1/NAT8B and ATase2/NAT8 are differentially regulated to adjust engagement of the secretory pathway
Authors: Rigby Michael J. , Ding Yun , Farrugia Mark A. , Feig Michael , Cortese Giuseppe P. , Mitchell Heather , Burger Corinna , Puglielli Luigi
Published: January 2020

Nε‐lysine acetylation of nascent glycoproteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen regulates the efficiency of the secretory pathway. The ER acetylation machinery consists of the membrane transporter, acetyl‐CoA transporter 1 (AT‐1/SLC33A1), and two acetyltransferases, ATase1/NAT8B and ATase2/NAT8. Dysfunctional ER acetylation is associated with severe neurological diseases with duplication of AT‐1/SLC33A1 being associated with autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, and dysmorphism. Neuron‐specific AT‐1 over‐expression in the mouse alters neuron morphology and function, causing an autism‐like phenotype, indicating that ER acetylation plays a key role in neurophysiology. As such, characterizing the molecular mechanisms that regulate the acetylation machinery could reveal critical information about its biology. By using structure‐biochemistry approaches, we discovered that ATase1 and ATase2 share enzymatic properties but differ in that ATase1 is post‐translationally regulated via acetylation. Furthermore, gene expression studies revealed that the promoters of AT‐1, ATase1, and ATase2 contain functional binding sites for the neuron‐related transcription factors cAMP response element‐binding protein and the immediate‐early genes c‐FOS and c‐JUN, and that ATase1 and ATase2 exhibit additional modes of transcriptional regulation relevant to aging and Alzheimer's disease. In vivo rodent gene expression experiments revealed that Atase2 is specifically induced following activity‐dependent events. Finally, over‐expression of either ATase1 or ATase2 was sufficient to increase the engagement of the secretory pathway in PC12 cells. Our results indicate important regulatory roles for ATase1 and ATase2 in neuron function with induction of ATase2 expression potentially serving as a critical event that adjusts the efficiency of the secretory pathway for activity‐dependent neuronal functions.

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Social media and drug resistance in nursing training: Using a Twitterchat to develop an international community of practice for antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Wright Rebecca , Ferguson Caleb , Bodrick Mustafa , Balkhy Hanan , Jackson Debra , Davidson Patricia M.
Published: January 2020

Aims and objectives

To assess the impact of a Twitterchat focusing on antimicrobial resistance and it is feasibility for integration within a nursing prelicensure research methods class.

Background

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the greatest threats to global health and food security. Consequently, developing a global approach with large outreach is critical. Twitter, as a popular social media platform, is useful for creating communities of practice and communities of interest.

Design

A case study design using a Twitterchat is a hosted, convened and focussed discussion on a particular topic using a discrete hashtag.

Method

Using a standardised protocol, a Twitterchat was undertaken over a 24‐hr period and digital metrics assessed at 72 hr. A summary of impact was undertaken using an online tool provided by Union Metrics (https://unionmetrics.com/).

Conclusions

At 72 hr, 2,632,762 accounts were reached and over 10 million impressions achieved. Twitterchats can be useful in creating awareness and fostering a community of interest and demonstrating the role of nurses in thought leadership. A formalised research study will draw on this case study to evaluate the impact on the Twitter participants and nursing students.

Relevance to clinical practice

Social media are an accessible and useful tool to harness focus and attention on clinical issues with global relevance. Demonstrating the utility and leverage to nursing students is important in increasing their understanding of the importance of communication and diffusion of information.
Verdant Vernaculars: Corsican Environmental Assemblages
Authors: Mendes Alexander
Published: January 2020

Environmental efforts on Corsica abound and often make use of the local language. In this article, I survey the semiotics of different ‘green’ artefacts and the use of Corsican therein. Based on ethnographic data including pedagogical tools (textbooks) and practices (field trips), artefacts from ecotourism (pamphlets) and everyday items (grocery bags), and photographs of the linguistic landscape, I illustrate the workings of minority language use in everyday environmental activism. Posthumanist orientations to language and communication underlie the analysis of green Corsican assemblages, products of and catalysts for the coming‐together of disparate resources that construct a unique stewardship.
Enhanced dual function of osteoclast precursors following calvarial Porphyromonas gingivalis infection
Authors: Cai Xia , Li Zhaofei , Zhao Yanfang , Katz Jenny , Michalek Suzanne M. , Feng Xu , Li Yuhong , Zhang Ping
Published: January 2020

Background and objective

Excessive osteoclast activity is a major characteristic of pathogenic bone loss in inflammatory bone diseases including periodontitis. However, beyond the knowledge that osteoclasts are differentiated from the monocyte/macrophage lineage and share common ancestry with macrophages and DC, the nature and function of osteoclast precursors are not completely understood. Furthermore, little is known about how osteoclast precursors respond to bacterial infection in vivo. We have previously demonstrated in vitro that the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) plays a biphasic role on the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)–induced osteoclast differentiation. In this study, we investigated the in vivo effect of Pg infection on the regulation of osteoclast precursors, using a mouse calvarial infection model.

Methods and results

C57BL/6 wild‐type and the myeloid differentiation factor 88 knockout (MyD88−/−) mice were infected with Pg by calvarial injection. Local and systemic bone loss, and the number and function of CD11b+c‐fms+ cells from bone marrow and spleen were analyzed. Our results show that Pg infection induces localized inflammatory infiltration and osteoclastogenesis, as well as increased number and osteoclastogenic potential of CD11b+c‐fms+ osteoclast precursors in the bone marrow and periphery. We also show that CD11b+c‐fms+RANK+ and CD11b+c‐fms+RANK− are precursors with similar osteoclastogenic and pro‐inflammatory potentials. In addition, CD11b+c‐fms+ cells exhibit an antigen‐specific T‐cell immune‐suppressive activity, which are increased with Pg infection. Moreover, we demonstrate that MyD88 is involved in the regulation of osteoclast precursors upon Pg infection.

Conclusions

In this study, we demonstrate an enhanced dual function of osteoclast precursors following calvarial Pg infection. Based on our findings, we propose the following model: Pg infection increases a pool of precursor cells that can be shunted toward osteoclast formation at the infection/inflammation sites, while at the same time dampening host immune responses, which is beneficial for the persistence of infection and maintenance of the characteristic chronic nature of periodontitis. Understanding the nature, function, and regulation of osteoclast precursors will be helpful for identifying therapeutic interventions to aid in the control and prevention of inflammatory bone loss diseases including periodontitis.
Association between forkhead box E1 polymorphisms and risk of non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Xiao Wen‐lin , Jia Kai‐ning , Yu Guo , Zhao Ning
Published: January 2020

Objective

The purpose of the present work was to investigate the association between forkhead box E1 (FOXE1) and the risk of non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P).

Materials and Methods

Relevant studies were searched in several professional databases up to 31 July 2019. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using a fixed‐effect model or a random‐effect model to analyse the relationship between FOXE1 polymorphisms and NSCL/P.

Results

A total of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including rs3758249, rs4460498, rs1443434 and rs10217225, were analysed. The overall findings showed that FOXE1 rs4460498 was statistically associated with NSCL/P (including cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and cleft palate only (CPO)). Genotypes CC and CT of rs4460498 were significantly more closely correlated with NSCL/P (including CL/P and CPO) than genotype TT (NSCL/P: TT vs CC, OR = 0.630, P = .000; TT vs TC + CC, OR = 0.775, P = .020; CL/P: TT vs CC, OR = 0.664, P = .000; TT vs TC + CC, OR = 0.738, P = .006. CPO: TT vs CC, OR = 0.761, P = .027; TT vs TC + CC, OR = 0.792, P = .045). For rs10217225, only the TT genotype might have contributed to the elevated risk of CL/P (TT vs CC OR = 2.236, P = .000). The other FOXE1 polymorphisms were not associated with NSCLP, CL/P or CPO.

Conclusion

The meta‐analysis provided confirmation that the polymorphism of FOXE1 rs10217225 was correlated with an increased risk of CL/P, and the polymorphism of FOXE1 rs4460498 was a protective factor for NSCL/P, including CLP and CPO.
Peanut allergy diagnosis: Moving from basic to more elegant testing
Authors: Krogulska Aneta , Wood Robert A.
Published: January 2020

Peanut allergy (PNA) is an IgE‐mediated immune disorder, which merits particular attention due to its impact on the health and quality of life of millions of patients worldwide. PNA tends to develop in early life and resolves in only 20% of peanut‐allergic children. It accounts for the majority of severe food‐related allergic reactions. An accurate diagnosis of PNA is vital. In this review, we present the approach to the diagnosis of peanut allergy, starting from the history and proceeding to measures of overall sensitization and then to component‐resolved diagnostics and oral food challenges as indicated. Additional testing in development includes basophil activation testing and determination of epitopes for peanut‐allergic responses. Based on the literature, stepwise approaches and predictive models for diagnosing PNA are also presented.
The influence of social media on acne treatment: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Yousaf Ahmed , Hagen Rachael , Delaney Emily , Davis Stephen , Zinn Zachary
Published: January 2020

Background/Objectives

Social media use has been suggested to worsen psychiatric health among adolescents, especially those with visible skin lesions including acne. However, little is known about social media's impact on acne treatment. The purpose of the study sought to characterize the influence of social media use on acne treatment.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional survey of West Virginia University ambulatory patients whose chief complaint was acne was conducted. The survey collected sociodemographics and queried whether individuals accessed social media for acne treatment advice or not, whether changes to acne care were made based on social media, and whether these changes aligned with the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) clinical guidelines for acne management.

Results

Of 130 respondents, 45% consulted social media for acne treatment advice (54% of women vs 31% of men). 41% of adolescents and 51% of adults consulted social media. The most used platforms were YouTube and Instagram (58% each). Social media users often tried an OTC treatment (81%) or dietary modification (40%). However, only 31% of participants consulting social media made changes fully aligned with AAD clinical guidelines.

Conclusions

Social media‐influenced acne treatment advice is prevalent, especially among women, adolescents, and young adults. This treatment advice frequently does not align with AAD guidelines, with notably 40% of respondents choosing dietary modification for acne management. These results suggest that dermatologists should inquire about social media acne treatment advice and directly address misinformation.
Good response to pulsed dye laser in patients with capillary malformation‐arteriovenous malformation syndrome (CM‐AVM)
Authors: Iznardo Helena , Roé Esther , Puig Luis , Vikula Mikka , López‐Sánchez Cristina , Baselga Eulalia
Published: January 2020

Capillary malformation‐arteriovenous malformation syndrome (CM‐AVM) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by heterozygous mutations in RASA1 and EPHB4. Capillary stains in CM‐AVM are compatible with Schöbinger's phase I AVMs. Vascular laser has been classically contraindicated for the treatment of AVMs, as there is a fear of accelerating their progression. In this study, we have treated capillary stains in five CM‐AVM patients with pulsed dye laser, with improvement and without worsening or recurrence of the lesions after 1 year of clinical and ultrasound follow‐up.
Skin cleansing and topical product use in patients with epidermolysis bullosa: Results from a multicenter database
Authors: Shayegan Leila H. , Levin Laura E. , Galligan Eloise R. , Lucky Anne W. , Bruckner Anna L. , Pope Elena , Lara‐Corrales Irene , Wiss Karen , McCuaig Catherine C. , Garzon Maria C. , Eichenfield Lawrence F. , Hook Kristen P. , Browning John C. , Schachner Lawrence A. , Perman Marissa J. , Castelo‐Soccio Leslie , Levy Moise L. , Glick Sharon A. , Morel Kimberly D.
Published: January 2020

Background/Objectives

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) comprises a group of inherited skin blistering diseases. There is currently no cure, and management includes skin protection and prevention of infection. To date, there has been no systematic investigation of home skin care practices among EB patients on a multicenter scale.

Methods

This cross‐sectional, observational study included data collected from patients with EB enrolled in the Epidermolysis Bullosa Characterization and Clinical Outcomes Database (EBCCOD) who provided answers to a patient‐directed questionnaire between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2017.

Results

Of 202 respondents, 130 (64.4%) had dystrophic EB, 51 (25.2%) had EB simplex, 21 (7.4%) had junctional EB, 3 (1.5%) had Kindler syndrome, and 3 (1.5%) had an unspecified subtype. Seventy‐eight patients reported cleansing in plain water only (39%). Of those who used an additive in their cleansing water, 75 (57%) added salt, 71 (54%) added bleach, 36 (27%) added vinegar, and 34 (26%) endorsed the use of an “other” additive (multiple additives possible). Reported concentrations of additives ranged widely from 0.002% sodium hypochlorite and 0.002% acetic acid solutions, which are thought to have negligible effects on microbes, to 0.09% sodium hypochlorite and 0.156% acetic acid, concentrations shown to be cytotoxic. One hundred eighty‐eight patients answered questions regarding topical product use (93%). Of those, 131 reported topical antimicrobial use (70%). Mupirocin and bacitracin were the most commonly reported topical antibiotics (59, 58 [31.4%, 30.9%], respectively).

Conclusions

These findings highlight the variety of skin care routines and frequent use of topical antimicrobials among EB patients and have potential implications for antibiotic resistance. The reported range of bleach and vinegar additives to cleansing water, including cytotoxic concentrations, emphasizes the need for clear and optimized skin cleansing recommendations.
A comparison of ten digestive enzymes reveals a lack of chitinase in a phasmid and the loss of two β‐glucanases in a mantid
Authors: Woodring Joseph
Published: January 2020

In all developmental stages, the phasmid Peruphasma schultei (Conle & Hennemann, 2005) is an obligate herbivore, whereas the mantid Hierodula membranacea (Burmeister, 1838) is an obligatory carnivore. In P. schultei, the luminal activity of all enzymes is approxximately 50% in the crop and 50% in the midgut, which corresponds to the approximate 50 : 50 ratio of volumes of these two regions. These ratios would be expected in insects with a constant feeding rate on an unvaried diet. The enzyme activity and volume ratios in Hierodula membranacea vary considerably because of the irregular feeding habits. These differences in activity ratios between phasmids and mantids are not associated with the obligate phytophagous or carnivorous diet. The ratio of membrane bound to luminal aminopeptidases and disaccharidases in the midgut of both species are not significantly different and are within the normal range of other paurometabolous insects. Cellobiase and other plant cell wall digesting enzymes, laminarinase and cellobiase, are present in the phasmid but totally lacking in the mantid. The obligate carnivorous feeding habits of mantids could represent a selective factor leading to the loss of the ability to produce β‐glucanases. Chitinase is a moulting enzyme in all insects, whereas, in H. membranacea, chitinase also occurs as a luminal digestive enzyme. This modified enzyme function requires production and secretion in another tissue, namely the midgut.
Spatiotemporal dynamics and modelling support the case for area‐wide management of citrus greasy spot in a Brazilian smallholder farming region
Authors: Laranjeira Francisco F. , Silva Suely X. B. , Murray‐Watson Rachel E. , Soares Ana C. F. , Santos‐Filho Hermes P. , Cunniffe Nik J.
Published: January 2020

Citrus greasy spot (CGS), caused byZasmidium citri, induces premature defoliation and yield loss inCitrusspp. The epidemiology of CGS is well understood in high humidity areas, but remains unaddressed in Brazil, despite differing climatic conditions and disease management practices. The spatiotemporal dynamics of CGS were characterized in the Recôncavo of Bahia (Brazil) at four hierarchical levels (quadrant, plant, grove, and region). A survey conducted in 19 municipalities found the disease to be present throughout the region with an incidence of 100% in groves and plants, and higher than 70% on leaves. Index of dispersion (D) values suggest the spatial pattern of units with symptoms lies between random and regular. This was confirmed by the parameters of the binary power law for plants and their quadrants (log[A] < 0 andb < 1). No consistent differences were observed in the disease incidence at different plant heights. We introduce a compartmental model synthesizing CGS epidemiology. The collected data allow such a model to be parameterized, albeit with some ambiguity over the proportion of new infections that result from inoculum produced within the grove versus external sources of infection. By extending the model to include two populations of growers—those who control and those who do not—coupled by airborne inoculum, we investigate likely performance of cultural controls accessible to citrus growers in northeastern Brazil. The results show that control via removal of fallen leaves can be very effective. However, successful control is likely to require area‐wide strategies in which a large proportion of growers actively manage disease.
Physician reimbursement for outpatient dialysis care: Past, present, and future
Authors: Anumudu Samaya J. , Erickson Kevin F.
Published: January 2020

Ever since Medicare began covering nearly every patient with end‐stage renal disease in the United States, reimbursement for dialysis services has deviated from traditional fee‐for‐service. The method of reimbursing physicians for outpatient dialysis care has undergone a series of reforms in an effort to improve the overall quality of dialysis care and to control healthcare costs—changes that we are still seeing today. In 2004, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) changed the Monthly Capitation Payment (MCP) for physician reimbursement to the tiered fee‐for‐service system that is used today. This most recent reform encouraged more frequent face‐to‐face visits to patients receiving dialysis. While the quantity of visits increased in response to the change in reimbursement, the quality of care did not meaningfully improve, the policy may have had unintended negative health consequences and may have led to increases in wasteful physician and advanced practitioner effort. There are several promising opportunities to reform economic incentives around physician dialysis care that could improve the quality and value of care. These include new pay‐for‐performance initiatives, implementing incentives for high‐quality care within fully capitated payment models, and reforming the MCP itself to link payment to high‐value dialysis services.
An Evidence‐Based Rationale for Adopting Weight‐Inclusive Health Policy
Authors: Hunger Jeffrey M. , Smith Joslyn P. , Tomiyama A. Janet
Published: January 2020

Health policies routinely emphasize weight loss as a target for health promotion. These policies rest upon the assumptions: (1) that higher body weight equals poorer health, (2) that long‐term weight loss is widely achievable, and (3) that weight loss results in consistent improvements in physical health. Our review of the literature suggests that these three assumptions underlying the current weight‐focused approach are not supported empirically. Complicating this further are the misguided assumptions (4) that weight stigma (i.e., pervasive social devaluation and denigration of higher weight individuals) promotes weight loss and (5) recognizing that one is “overweight” is necessary to spur health‐promoting behaviors. We highlight throughout how these assumptions have manifested in current policies and offer suggestions for alternative approaches to health promotion. We conclude by advocating for the broad adoption of a weight‐inclusive approach to health policy.