bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution of 58Co from the oral cavity of mice
Authors: STENBERG TORSTEN
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Abstract ‐Whole body retention and tissue distribution of 58Co in mice having had an oral cavity depot of 58CoCl2 was studied at 1, 5 and 24 h after administration by means of gamma scintillation measurements and autoradiography. The whole body 58Co retention at 5 h after administration was 93.3% of the whole body 58Co content at 1 h. Corresponding 58Co‐retention at 24 h after administration was 9.2%. Tissues analyzed by gamma scintillation measurements at 1, 5 and 24 h post administration were: serum, kidney, pancreas, spleen, liver, heart, lung, tongue and palatal mucosa. At all survival times after administration palatal mucosa showed the highest 58Co median content followed by tongue. The very high 58Co median content of palatal mucosa and tongue at l h after administration showed a strongly decrease at 5 and 24 h alter administration. For the other tissues the highest 58Co median content was found in the liver and the lowest in the spleen with the highest 58Co median value for each tissue at 5 h after administration. The autoradiograms revealed a high 58Co uptake in oral, nasal, pharyngeal and esophageal mucosa, intestines and stomach. In liver, pancreas and kidney no uptake was observed at l h and a weak uptake was detected at 5 and 24 h.
Prevalence of Streptococcus mutans with different colonial morphologies in human plaque and saliva
Authors: EMILSON CLAES GÖRAN
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Plaque and saliva samples were obtained twice from 58 children at an interval of 1 year and examined for the prevalence of Streptococcus mutans on Mitis salivarius (MS) and Mitis salivarius bacitracin (MSB) agar. Two types of S. mutans colonies with different colonial morphologies were seen on both media. They were serologically identified as serotypes c/e/f and d/g respectively. The first type, morphogroup c/e/f, had the typical “frosted‐glass” appearance. It was the most prevalent and was found in 97% of the children. The second type, morphogroup d/g, had a creamy marzipan consistency with a dull, granular surface, gray to brown in color and often with some liquid around or on top of the colony. Group d/g was detected in 21 children (36%) and then together with colonies of group c/e/f. Children infected with single or multiple morphogroups of S. mutans generally harbored the same groups 1 year later. There was a significant positive correlation between the proportion of S. mutans in plaque and their numbers in saliva.
Accuracy of stone‐casts produced from selected addition‐type silicone impressions
Authors: FINGER WERNER , OHSAWA MASAHIRO
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The present study has shown that there is no correlation between the free curing contraction of three selected addition‐type silicone impression materials and the effective contraction determined as the accuracy of stone dies produced in dental impressions of these materials. Depending on specific rheologic properties, the free curing contraction of an impression material can be partly compensated for by flow.
Fibrinogen and IgG in the hyaline zone in man after orthodontic movement
Authors: LINDSKOG SVEN , LILJA EVA
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Fibrinogen and IgG were demonstrated in the hyaline zone with direct immunofluorescent staining after orthodontic tooth movement in man. It was suggested that presence of plasma proteins in the hyaline zone contributed to its hyaline appearance. Fibrin and IgG may, furthermore, attract phagocytes and form a network for the reorganization of the necrotic tissue in the hyaline zone.
Identification of IgA, IgG, lysozyme, albumin, α‐amylase and glucosyltransferase in the protein layer adsorbed to hydroxyapatite from whole saliva
Authors: RÖOLLA GUNNAR , CIARDI JOSEPH E. , BOWEN WILLIAM H.
Published: October 2007

Abstract – IgA, IgG, albumin, lysozyme, α‐amylase and glucosyltransferase were identified in the saliva coat which forms on hydroxyapatite exposed to whole saliva. It is suggested that these proteins may be involved in binding microorganisms to saliva coated hydroxyapatite in model studies.
Study on the dissolution behaviour of calcium fluoride
Authors: BRUUN CARSTEN , MOE DENNIS , MADSEN HANS ERIK LUNDAGER
Published: October 2007

Abstract –The dissolution of two analytical calcium fluoride preparations was studied in aqueous solution. Dissolved calcium fluoride was determined from analysis Ca and F in solution. Original samples of the two preparations and the residue after partial dissolution were studied by X‐ray diffractometry in comparison with natural fluorite. The dissolution of calcium fluoride was found to be extremely slow. After a period of 1–15 weeks, depending on the experimental conditions, a state was reached where apparently no further dissolution occurred, although the solution was far from saturation. The dissolution rate was obviously closely related to the crystal size. On partial dissolution the mean crystal size increased, probably due to the disappearance of the finest fractions. Placing the salt in a dialysis bag before immersion in the water lowered the dissolution rate and increased the undissolved fraction considerably. The results seem to support the assertion that calcium fluoride accumulated in early carious lesions after topical applications of fluoride may persist for considerable periods of time.
Occurrence of caries and periodontal disease in selenium‐treated patients with Spielmeyer‐Sjögren's disease
Authors: SAXÉN LEENA , VILJANEN TYTTI , WESTERMARCK TUOMAS
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The possible influence of continuous exposure to selenium on dental caries and gingivitis was examined during a clinical trial of selenium administration to patients suffering from a progressive encephalopathy, Spielmeyer‐Sjögren's disease. The study group consisted of eight children (mean age 12.5 years) and a control group of the same age and size from the same institution. DMFS‐ and Gingival Bleeding Indices were recorded at the onset of the selenium medication and thereafter once a year. No difference in the caries incidence or in the prevalence of gingivitis between the two groups could be shown during the follow‐up period.
Associations between gingivitis, pocket depths, and radiographic bone loss in interproximal areas in young adults
Authors: ALBANDAR JASIM M. , GJERMO PER
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Fifty‐five 15‐yr‐old Brazilian students were selected on the basis of presence or absence of radiographic bone loss. One hundred and fourteen sites were selected, representing areas with and without bone loss, with varying degrees of inflammation and pocket depths. The association between the parameters were evaluated on a site by site basis. Areas with deep pockets more often showed severe inflammation and bone loss than did areas with shallow pockets. However, deep pockets often occurred where no bone loss could be detected radiographically. In this age group clinical assessments seem to overestimate the prevalence of destructive periodontitis, and should be supplemented with radiographic examination for screening purposes and for identification of risk subjects.
Further studies on the composition of the acquired enamel pellicle
Authors: EGGEN KIRSTEN HANNESSON , RÖLLA GUNNAR
Published: October 2007

Abstract – In the present study pellicle material was collected from human teeth 2, 4 and 6 hr after cleaning. The material obtained was examined by gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography on CM‐Sephadex and DEAE‐Sephadex with subsequent amino acid analyses of the major anionic component. No major changes were observed to occur either in the overall composition or in the main anionic component of the pellicle during the first 6 hr.
Mitoses and microorganisms in the periodontal membrane after storage in milk or saliva
Authors: LINDSKOG SVEN , BLOMLÖF LEIF , HAMMARSTRÖM LARS
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Milk and saliva were tested in vitro as potential storage media for avulsed teeth. Developing monkey teeth were extracted and stored in milk or saliva for periods ranging from l to 6 h. The osmolality, pH, conductivity and number of viable bacteria in the media were determined after predetermined intervals during the storage periods. After the storage periods the teeth were either prepared for scanning electron microscopy or cultured for 24 h in Eagle's medium supplemented with 3H‐thymidine. In the scanning electron microscope numerous adherent bacteria were seen covering the periodontal membrane after storage in saliva but none were found after storage in milk. The cultured teeth were sectioned and evaluated with autoradiography. Superficial parts of the periodontal membrane were rapidly injured by storage in saliva while the epithelial root sheath and the apical pulpal cells were affected at a later stage. Cells neighboring the cementoblasts incorporated 3H‐thymidine after 6 h storage in milk but not after storage in saliva for the same length of time. It was concluded that the low osmolality in combination with bacteria which adhered to the periodontal membrane made saliva less suited than milk for long time storage of avulsed teeth. Furthermore, a viable layer of cells close to the root surface seemed to be a prerequisite for a successful healing without root résorption after replantation.
Surface degradation of amalgams in vitro during static and cyclic loading
Authors: HERÖ HÅKON , BRUNE DAG , JÖRGENSEN RANDI B. , EVJE DAG M.
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Corrosion during static creep of two γ2‐containing and one dispersed phase amalgam immersed in artificial saliva has been observed, using SEM, to occur in γ1‐grain boundary regions where grain boundary sliding and dislocation slip take place. Cracking in the interior of γ1‐grains has also been found, in particular for dispersed non‐γ2 amalgam. The combined action of corrosion and stress favored the formation of cracks. Signs of similar creep processes which may promote cracks have also been noted after cyclic loading where the accumulative strains were much lower than in the static creep experiments. Due to these low strains and short immersion times corrosion attacks of the same kind as under static loading can only be assumed. Using nuclear tracer technique quantitative measurements of the corroded material from samples exposed to cyclic loading showed the dispersed non‐γ2 amalgam to release more Hg, Cu and Zn than the two γ2‐containing amalgams and that 50–90% copper and mercury were present as particulate matter. These observations can be explained on the basis of different tendencies to Cracking in the amalgams. Cyclic loading increases the rate of degradation by one or two orders of magnitude compared with corrosion without loading. Reported studies of marginal degradation in non‐γ2 amalgams compared with γ2‐containing amalgams do not agree with the present in vitro experiments.
Saliva secretion rate in a group of drug addicts (short communication)
Authors: SCHEUTZ FLEMMING
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Stimulated saliva secretion rate was measured in 40 parenteral drug addicts who had a preferencc for opiates. Illicit drug abuse or intake of legally prescribed medicine within the last 24 h were recorded. Mean saliva secretion rate for the whole group of drug addicts was 1.51 ml/min with no statistical difference from a control group (P>0.30). However, drug addicts who had taken legally prescribed tranquillizers or sedatives had a reduced saliva secretion rate (1.01 ml/min), whereas no decrease was found among the individuals who had taken opiates within the last 24 h (1.42 ml/min, P>0.10).
A quantitative microradiographic study of mineral content of supragingival and subgingival dental calculus
Authors: FRISKOPP JOHAN , ISACSSON GÖRAN
Published: October 2007

Abstract – This study was undertaken to determine the distribution and concentration of mineral in supragingival and subgingival dental calculus. Extracted incisors and premolars with attached dental calculus were used. After fixation the specimens were dehydrated and embedded in methylmethacrylate and 100‐μm‐thick ground sections were made. Microradiographs were produced and the mineral content in the sections was determined photometrically, using an aluminum step‐wedge as a reference system. The distribution of the mineral varied considerably within the specimens and between different specimens. Supragingival calculus appeared heterogeneous and often stratified, containing areas that seemed to be non‐calcified. The average mineral content was 37% by volume. By contrast subgingival calculus appeared homogeneously calcified, with an average mineral content of 58%. No differences in mineral content between surface areas and portions close to the tooth were seen. This indicates that once the calculus is formed no changes occur in the mineral content, i.e. no maturation occurs with age. Local variations in mineral content within the calculus might be explained by periodic differences in the fluid environment of the microbial plaque.
Effect of antimicrobial mouthrinses on salivary microflora in healthy subjects
Authors: DAHLEN GUNNAR
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The antibacterial effects of chlorhexidine and an oxygen releasing agent on the salivary microflora were evaluated in healthy subjects in two separate experiments: 1) mouthrinsing on a single occasion and 2) mouthrinsing two or four times a day for 1 wk. Both experiments were performed in a cross‐over study, and each subject was randomly tested for both rinsing agents and a saline control. The total bacterial number and some selected bacterial genera were followed in saliva samples taken prior to (zero‐samples) and on three occasions after the rinsing or rinsing period. The reduction of the total bacterial number by mouthrinsing two or four times a day for 1 wk with chlorhexidine was statistically significant and lasted for over 4 h. After rinsing with chlorhexidine on one single occasion the reduction of the microflora was statistically significant and of the same magnitude as after rinsing two or four times daily for 1 wk. Although statistically significant reduction was obtained, the significant biologic effect of antimicrobial agents may be questioned. The number of Strep, mutans was dramatically reduced with chlorhexidine in some subjects and this reduction lasted for over 1 wk. The oxygen releasing agent did not reduce salivary flora significantly when rinsing took place two or four times daily for 1 wk.
Response of elevator activity during mastication to treatment of functional disorders
Authors: MÖLLER EIGILD , SHEIKHOLESLAM ABKAR , LOUS INGER
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The pattern of elevator activity during mastication in temporal and masseter muscles of 37 patients with functional disorders and pain in the masticatory system was studied before and after conventional treatment and compared with a control group of 43 subjects. As compared to controls, patients before treatment chewed with greater relative strength (percent of maximal elevator activity), longer relative contraction times (percent of total duration of chewing cycle) and stronger intermediary activity between strokes. These parameters of muscle coordination are proposed as quantitative estimates of “hyperactivity”. Conventional treatment abolished pain, tenderness and other symptoms and signs completely in 18 patients in whom the most significant findings in the muscles under study were reductions in absolute and relative contraction times ascribed to increased stability produced by occlusal adjustment. It is suggested that relatively shorter pauses before treatment impaired blood flow and that their prolongation following treatment improved circulation. During the strong, dynamic contractions of mastication, masseter muscles tended to be more susceptible to hyperactivity than the temporal muscles.
Comparison of bone resorption at one‐step and two‐step mandibular endosseous implants in dogs
Authors: LARHEIM T. A. , WIE H. , TOLO K. , FAEHN O. , HAANAES H. R. , ODEGAARD J.
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Endosseous dental implants have been inserted into dog jaw bone following two different implantation principles. Using the two‐step procedure, the implant is left submerged, covered by the mucoperiosteum for a healing period, before communication with the oral cavity is established. According to the one‐step procedure, this communication is established peroperativcly. In order to estimate radiographically the degree of bone resorption following the two‐step as compared to the one‐step procedure, the former was used on the right and the latter on the left side of the mandible in two dogs. Periodic identical intraoral radiographs revealed bone resorption in the neck area of all implants. After a 1‐yr period with bilateral bridges, the vertical resorption varied between 3 and 5 mm. No difference was found between the two methods concerning this bone resorption. The observation seems to be contrary to the general opinion on the matter, and pertinent investigations with the present model will be performed in a human material.
Occlusal perception of thickness in patients with bridges on osseointegrated oral implants
Authors: LUNDQVIST STURE , HARALDSON TORGNY
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Perception of thickness was estimated in subjects with osseointegrated oral implant bridges (OIB), complete denture wearers and subjects with complete natural dentitions. The test was performed with factory‐produced aluminum foil, 9, 20, 50, 100 and 150 μm thick, in the regions of the right second premolars, the canines and the central incisors. Occlusal perception did not differ between the three regions in any of the groups. Certain perceptiveness (>80% of tests correct) was found at the 20 μm level in subjects with natural dentitions, at the 50 μm level in OIB subjects and at the 100 μm level in subjects with a complete denture in one or both jaws. It is concluded that partial or complete lack of periodontal receptors is compensated for by other perceptive organs and that implant bridge therapy ad modum Brånemark partly restores occlusal sensibility.
Sucrase and maltase activities in supragingival dental plaque in humans of streptococcal, actinomyces and lactobacilli species
Authors: FIEHN NILS‐ERIK , MOE DENNIS
Published: October 2007

Abstract – 20 reference strains and 72 isolated strains from dental plaque of streptococci‐, actinomyces, and lactobacilli species were examined for sucrase and maltase activities. The type of sucrase in the different strains was determined by use of the α‐glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose. The enzyme activities were determined as formation of monosaccharide, and quantitated spectrophotometrically. Although variations occurred in enzyme activities between reference and isolated strains, the same general pattern was noticed. Strains of Streptococcus mutans and S. salivarius showed regularly the highest sucrase activities, followed by strains of Actinomyces viscosus and A. naeslundii. Most lactobacilli belonged to the bacteria with low sucrase activity like S. sanguis and S. mitior. In some lactobacilli strains, however, a high sucrase activity was observed. The level of sucrase activity in S. mutans strains was dependent on biotype/serotype, as strains of biotype V/serotype e showed high activities, biotypes I and IV corresponding to serotypes c, f, and d showed intermediate activity, and biotype III/serotype a always showed low activity. In most of the strains the sucrases were composed of enzymes with specificity against both α‐glucosidic linkage and β‐fructosidic linkage of the sucrose molecule, but in varying ratios. In all species, except S. sanguis and S. mitior, lower maltase than sucrase activity was observed, but even in the two species mentioned the maltase activities were relatively low. On the basis of observations of selected reference strains in every species examined both sucrases and maltases are to some extent inducible.
Early prediction of long‐term margin adaptation of dental amalgam restorations
Authors: MATSSON LARS , GRANATH LARS , RYGE GUNNAR
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The present study assessed the predictive value of an indirect metric method for the early detection of margin defects of amalgam restorations, relative to results using a direct clinical method. The material consisted of plaster casts of amalgam restorations taken at 1‐ and 2‐yr examinations of four different amalgam‐treatment combinations. The widest margin defect of each restoration was measured in a dissection microscope equipped with a metric scale in the ocular. The ranking order obtained from the metric measurements of the different amalgam‐treatment combinations after 1 and 2 yr was compared with that obtained from the direct clinical evaluation after 2 yr. Finally, the rank order of those restorations rated Alfa (no visible evidence, along the margin, of a crevice (ditch) into which an explorer will penetrate) at the 2‐yr clinical examination was studied in relation to the 1‐yr metric measurements. For the total material, the rank order based on the metric measurements of the margin defects of the four amalgam‐treatment combinations agreed with that obtained with the clinical rating. In the 1‐yr data, where the metric technique was applied only on the restorations rated Alfa at the 2‐yr clinical evaluation, the order of two neighboring combinations was reversed; otherwise the same rank order was obtained. It is recommended that the clinical performance of new brands of amalgam alloy are tested in short‐term, small‐scale studies using the metric evaluation technique, before more extensive field studies over longer periods are instituted, in order to sort out unsatisfactory materials and treatment techniques at an early stage.
Histochemical study of giant tubule content in dentin of unerupted cow incisors
Authors: DYNGELAND TROND , FOSSE GISLE , JUSTESEN NILS‐PETTER BERG
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Incisal dentin of mandible cow incisors was studied by incident light. The material consisted of 12 intact permanent unerupted incisors from 2‐yr‐old cows removed immediately after bleeding. These specimens were kept in an isotonic EDTA‐sucrose solution to be decalcified while maintaining vitality of cellular components. Three of the specimens were successfully dissected in a mesiodistal plane, exposing the giant tubule lumens and their content. By the use of NBT, a compound reduced by the dehydrogenase enzymes of the electron transport in the inner mitochondrial membrane, it was concluded that the giant tubules contained vital cells. The giant tubules were also shown to communicate with the incisal part of the pulp cavity by wide openings.
Efficacy of plaque‐removal using interdental brushes and waxed dental floss
Authors: BERGENHOLTZ AXEL , OLSSON ANDERS
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The plaque‐removing efficacy when using waxed dental floss and three interdental brushes was compared in an intraindividual clinical trial. Nine adult patients treated for periodontal disease, with a reduced but healthy periodontium and large interdental spaces were subjects in the study. Each subject tested the four interdental cleaning aids in random sequence over a 2‐wk period. The duration of the study was 8 wk. The results indicated that the use of interdental brushes is preferable to that of dental floss in cleaning interdental areas where the papilla is missing. No difference in achieved cleanliness was noted after use of the different interdental brushes tested. No gingival damage or damage to the hard tissue of the teeth was observed after use of interdental brushes or dental floss.
Carcinoma of maxillary sinus, palate and maxillary gingiva: occurrence of jaw destruction
Authors: LARHEIM T. A. , KOLBENSTVEDT A. , LIEN H. H.
Published: October 2007

Abstract – A comparison was made between the frequency of alveolar bone‐palate destruction caused by carcinomas originating in the maxillary sinus (31 patients), palate (15) and maxillary gingiva (9). Radiographic examination included conventional sinus projections, supplemented with hypocycloid tomography (47), computed tomography (28) and orthopantomography (11). Almost every second tumor presenting with alveolar bone involvement appeared to be a maxillary sinus cancer. Gingival and palatal cancers also caused frequent bone destruction. Radiographic examination, including tomography, was of great value in demonstrating the extent of these tumors. Three cases clinically diagnosed as gingival cancers proved to originate in the maxillary sinus.
TMJ pain and dysfunction: relation between clinical and radiographic findings in the short and long‐term
Authors: MEJERSJÖ CHRISTINA , HOLLENDER LARS
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Clinical examination of the stomatognathic system and radiographic examination of the temporomandibular joints (TMJ), including the submentovertical, the oblique lateral transcranial and the transmaxillary projections, were performed in 104 patients with TMJ pain/dysfunction. Seven years later these patients had a new clinical examination and 54 of them were radiographed again. Another 20 patients not primarily radiographed were also recalled after 7 yr and examined clinically and radiographically. The radiographic findings were correlated with the reported symptoms and clinical findings. Only a few statistically significant correlations were found. The initial clinical dysfunction, estimated with the aid of the Helkimo dysfunction index, was positively correlated with the radiographic findings at the follow‐up. The most important clinical variables in this respect were tenderness to palpation of the joint and decreased mobility. Crepitation was associated with changes in the structure and shape of the condyle. Clicking was correlated with a posterior displacement of the condyle. The number of occluding pairs of teeth was related to changes in the TMJ structure and shape also when age was considered as a confounding factor. Radiographic changes of the TMJ develop late and are often absent in the acute phase. An early radiographic examination is therefore of less diagnostic importance in this respect, but serves the purpose of excluding other pathologic conditions.
Secretion rate, buffer effect and number of lactobacilli and Streptococcus mutans of whole saliva of cigarette smokers and non‐smokers
Authors: HEINTZE ULF
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Secretion rate and buffer effect of resting and stimulated whole saliva, and number of lactobacilli and S. mutans in stimulated whole saliva were determined for 182 subjects, of whom 109 were cigarette smokers. For secretion rate, no difference between smokers and non‐smokers was observed. The median buffer effect was significantly lower in smokers. The median numbers of lactobacilli and S. mutans were significantly higher in saliva of smokers. The number of lactobacilli was significantly correlated with number of cigarettes smoked per day. About 40% of the smokers had 106 S. mutans CFU/ml, which was more than twice that of non‐smokers. In a complementary study on 20 smokers, the immediate influence of cigarette smoking on secretion rate and buffer effect of stimulated whole saliva was investigated for 1 h after smoking. No significant effect was found.
Clinical short term study of marginal integrity of resin restorations
Authors: HANSEN ERIK KEITH , HANSEN BENT KEITH , NIELSEN FLEMMING , OLSEN SUSANNE , LIND KARIN
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The marginal adaptation of 649 Durafill and Silux fillings in beveled and acid etched enamel cavities was assessed in a clinical study. The investigation included Class III with and without lingual extension, Class IV and Class V. The frequency of marginal discoloration and marginal gaps after 15 months was markedly reduced in all Classes when a low‐viscous resin was used prior to application of the restorative.
Cultivation on solid media of spirochetes in subgingival plaque from advanced marginal periodontitis in humans
Authors: FIEHN NILS‐ERIK , WESTERGAARD JYTTE
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Six solid substrates were compared for suitability to support growth of spirochetes from 18 subgingival plaque samples in patients with advanced marginal periodontitis. The following substrates with rabbit serum were tested: BHIA‐SC + blood, RGCA‐SC + blood, GM‐1 ±blood and MGM‐1 ±blood. All media contained rifampicin and polymyxin B. After incubation in a glovebox (70% N2, 20% H2, 10% CO2) for 14 days spirochete colonies were semiquantitated and the colony morphologies described. The spirochetes in six of the primary samples and in the related colonies after cultivation were identified ultrastructurally by number of endoflagella. The results showed that the colony morphologies were more related to the substrate used than to the various types of spirochetes, and that individual colonies contained different types of spirochetes. The substrates MGM‐1, RGCA‐SC, and BHIA‐SC, all with blood, showed the highest recoveries of about 5%. Spirochetes with less than four endoflagella grew on all substrates, but the MGM‐1 + blood and RGCA‐SC + blood media seemed the most versatile as they showed growth of all types of spirochetes observed in the primary samples.
Cells and cellular interactions in gingival crevice washings from patients with juvenile periodontitis
Authors: SANDHOLM LEENA
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The cells and the cellular interactions in the gingival crevices of three patients with juvenile periodontitis (JP), three patients with adult periodontitis (AP) and one healthy control were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cells were collected by the washing method. The washings were either 1) fixed for 30 min in 2.5% glutaraldehyde (GA), or 2) cytocentrifuged onto a Melinex‐polyester film and fixed in GA. On the films the cells of interest were identified and light photomicrographs were taken before processing for SEM. Four types of cellular interactions were seen in SEM: between polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and epithelial cells, between PMNs and bacteria, between PMNs and between bacteria. Based on morphologic and structural interpretation, the PMNs in the local lesion in JP seemed 1) to have a different morphology from the PMNs of AP lesions, 2) to be capable of ingesting bacteria, 3) to accumulate in gingival pockets in numbers as high as in AP, and 4) to be overwhelmed by the challenge of bacteria and bacterial aggregates.
Dentinal innervation of impacted human third molars
Authors: LILJA JAN , FAGERBERG‐MOHLIN BODIL
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

Five totally impacted third molars were studied in the transmission electron microscope for the presence of nervous structures in the dentin before eruption. In contradiction to earlier studies available, nervous structures were found in the predentin and the dentin of the impacted third molars in different parts of the crown and also in the predentin of the root.
Influence of bacterial cell concentration and inorganic anions on lysis of Streptococcus mutans BHT by salivary lysozyme
Authors: TWETMAN SVANTE , LINDER LARS , MODÉER THOMAS
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

The aim of this work was to study the influence of bacterial cell concentrations and inorganic anions on lysis of Streptococcus mutans BHT by human salivary lysozyme (HSL). HSL was partly purified from saliva by ion exchange chromatography. The bacteria were grown in a synthetic medium containing 3H‐thymidine to monitor DNA release. The experiments demonstrated that release 3H‐thymidine was dependent on the bacterial cell concentration and an apparent Km‐value corresponding to approximately 2.9 × 108 cells/ml was calculated. The influence of I−, Br−, Cl−, F−, HCO3− and SCN− on bacteriolysis was studied. All anions tested were slightly inhibitory on the action of HSL. The inhibition varied from 7 to 76% depending on the ion and ionic strength. The order of addition of HSL and sodium chloride caused different lytic responses. This was reflected by the amount of HSL adsorbed by the bacteria.
Early erosion of dental cements
Authors: ÖILO GUDBRAND
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

The disintegration in water of various unset glass ionomer cements, a polycarboxylate and a zinc phosphate cement was measured gravimetrically after exposure of the cements to a constant water jet. The test gave reproducible results with significant variations between the various types and brands of cements. For zinc phosphate and polycarboxylate cements, no weight loss was observed in the period from 4 to 8 min after commencement of mixing. All the glass ionomer cements showed a significant loss of weight at 4 min and a somewhat reduced weight loss at 6 min after start of mixing. Two cements, a filling and a luting material, showed reduced weight when exposed to a water jet even 8 min after start of mixing. The early erosion as recorded in the present study conforms with the setting of the glass ionomer cements.
Ultrastructure of odontogenic jaw cysts
Authors: MEURMAN JUKKA H. , YLIPAAVALNIEMI PEKKA
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

The epithelial ultrastructure of six radicular cysts, four follicular cysts, and five keratocysts was studied with special attention to the epithelium‐connective tissue junction, Inflammation was found to cause widened interepithelial cell spaces which often harbored inflammatory cells in the radicular and follicular cysts. The characteristic structures at the epithelium‐connectivc tissue junction (plasma membrane, lamina lucida and basal lamina) were not affected by inflammation. Fibrous structures were seen to connect the basal lamina to the underlining collagenous connective tissue The keratocyst specimens, however, showed juxtaepithelial collagenolysis that was not associated with the degree of inflammation. Desmosomes were rare in the inflamed keratocysts' spinous layer but the cell‐to‐cell interactions still appeared close. Inflammatory cells were not detected within epithelium of the keratocyst specimens.
Relationships between carbonate, sex and other macroelements in human whole enamel
Authors: KNUUTTILA M. , LAPPALAINEN R. , ALAKUIJALA P.
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

Enamel samples were prepared from 40 teeth and CO3, P, F, Ca, Mg and Zn concentrations were determined. The carbonate concentration was higher in women than in men (P = 0.018), otherwise no sex dependence was found. Positive correlations were found between CO3 and Mg (P= 0.001). These relations should be taken into consideration when the solubility of enamel is studied.
Ups and downs for salivary IgA
Authors: BRATTHALL DOUGLAS , WIDERSTRÖM LENA
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

IgA levels in saliva differed 15‐fold between different individuals. The correlation between IgA in repeated stimulated saliva samples was good in both a short and a 2‐yr period. The correlation between resting and stimulated samples was low, in particular when output of IgA over time was considered. Physical exercise affected salivary protein concentrations and also percentage of IgA to protein. The elevated IgA levels in saliva at pregnancy were not accompanied by a similar change of IgA activity against specific bacteria.
Accuracy at radiography and probing for the diagnosis of proximal caries
Authors: MEJÀRE INGEGERD , GRÖNDAHL HANS‐GÖRAN , CARLSTEDT KERSTIN , GREVER ANN‐CHRISTIN , OTTOSSON EVA
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

In 63 teenagers the proximal surfaces of premolars to be extracted for orthodontic reasons and the adjacent surfaces of neighboring teeth, 598 surfaces in all, were examined radiographically and by probing. Direct inspection after extraction revealed that 51% of the surfaces had incipient carious lesions and 5% lesions with cavities. Of the surfaces with cavities 82.1% were correctly diagnosed radiographically if any radiolucency, regardless of its extent, was used as a diagnostic criterion. However, this yielded a false positive rate of 19.6%. If only radioluccncies extending at least into the inner third of the enamel were called positive the true positive rate was 36.7% and the associated false positive rate 1.6%. At a 5% cavity frequency the predictive positive values were 17% and 53%, respectively. Probing yielded a true positive rate of about 29% and a false positive rate of 1.1% with a predictive positive value of 50‐57%. All radiolucencies extending into the dentin were associated with cavities. When the most liberal radiographic criterion was used 37.5% of all carious lesions, whether associated with a cavity or not, were detected and 3.8% of sound surfaces were falsely called carious. The corresponding predictive positive value at the actual rate of incipient lesions and lesions with cavities was 92.6%.
Cavity preparation for restorative resins used with dentin adhesives
Authors: HANSEN ERIK KEITH , ASMUSSEN ERIK
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

The marginal adaptation of Silux used with and without previous application of different dentin adhesives was analyzed for correlation between maximum marginal contraction gap (MG) and different combinations of one or more of the following variables: area of cavity walls (A), the total area of cavity bottom and cavity walls (B), cavity depth (h), area of cavity surface (S) and cavity volume (V), The best fit to linear regression was found with MG = a + b V/A with the mean of the correlation coefficients being 0.907. The statistical analysis showed that in order to maintain the V/A ratio at a minimum, root caries lesions should not be prepared after excavation if the retention of the restorative resin can be ensured with an effective dentin adhesive. The greatest influence on the V/A ratio was found to be exerted by the radius of the cavity bottom; variation of the radius of the surface of the cavity also influenced the V/A ratio, but to a minor degree.
Subpopulations of lymphocytes in connective tissue from phenytoin‐induced gingival overgrowth
Authors: DAHLLÖF GÖRAN , MODÉER THOMAS , OTTESKOG PER , SUNDQVIST KARL‐GÖSTA
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

The presence of mononuclcar cells was studied in gingival biopsies from seven children exhibiting phenyloin(PHT)‐induced gingival overgrowth, three children with gingivitis and a control group consisting of three children without clinical signs of inflammation. The mononucle‐ar cells were detected using monoclonal antibodies defining functional T‐lymphocytc subpopulations, B‐lymphocytes and monocytes. Gingival biopsies from the individuals in the PHT‐group showed a substantial number of mononuclear cells. The distribution of mononuclear cells in separate individuals were as follows: 69‐95% OKT3 +/Leu4+ cells (T‐lymphocytes), 50‐64% OKT4 +/Leu3 + cells (T‐helper phenotype) and 29‐46% OKT8 + cells (T‐suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype). None of the biopsies in the PHT‐group contained more than a few scattered plasma cells. The vast majority of all mononuclear cells present in the biopsies reacted with OKIal, a monoclonal antibody defining the HLA‐DR framework. In contrast, biopsies from the control group and the gingivitis group contained few mononuclear cells, the majority of which were T‐cells. This suggests that immunologic reactions mediated by T‐cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of the PHT‐induced lesion.
Relationship between myoelectric activity in masticatory muscles and bite force
Authors: HARALDSON TORGNY , CARLSSON GUNNAR E. , DAHLSTRÖM LARS , JANSSON TOMAS
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

Myoelectric activity in the anterior and posterior temporalis and in the masseter muscle was assessed in five subjects biting unilaterally on a bite fork at 50, 100 and 200 N for 60 s. The bite fork was placed between the right first premolars and the first molars. The ipsilateral muscle activity was recorded first, and the contralateral side was evaluated 1 wk later. The relationship between exerted force and EMG‐activity was expressed as ratios between EMG‐activity and related bite force. EMG‐activity increased with increasing force for all muscles tested. Linearity was found for the anterior temporal muscle, but not for the other muscles. Four of the subjects participated in an endurance test, exerting maximum bite force on the right side for as long as possible. The EMG activity of the right masseter muscle was closely related to bite force, in contrast to the other tested muscles. The activity of the left muscles increased at the end of the endurance test.
Study of titanium screws as retrograde fillings using bacteria and dye
Authors: LUOMANEN MARITA , TUOMPO HELENA
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

The tightness of retrograde titanium screw fillings and retrograde amalgam fillings was compared in 17 human, single‐rooted teeth using Serratia marcescens bacteria in vitro. The root canals were subjected to instrumentation and irrigation, after which 2 mm was cut off from the apical end. Eight of the teeth were sealed using retrograde titanium screw fillings and nine using retrograde amalgam fillings. The teeth were suspended by means of wires in test tubes, with the crowns upwards and the roots immersed in trypticase soy broth. Suspensions of Serratia marcescens bacteria were placed in the root canals, and samples from the broth were plated daily. The bacteria penetrated the apical titanium screw seals in 2 to 7 days, and the retrograde amalgam fillings readily on the first day. Thus, the titanium screws seemed to provide a tighter seal. Staining with India ink showed that penetration had occurred at the tooth‐filling margin and that the instrumentation had not caused any fractures to the roots.
Salivary counts of lactobacilli and Streptococcus mutans in caries prediction
Authors: STECKSÉN‐BLICKS CHRISTINA
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The aim of the study was to evaluate whether a combination of tests of salivary counts of lactobacilli and S. mutans would be of more value in caries prediction than each test used by itself. The study was done on 179 children 8 and 13 yr old. The mean caries increments in these children were 1.5 and 3.7 new caries lesions per year, respectively. The results showed that these tests or a combination of them are not specific in selecting caries risk patients. A combination of the two tests, however, was more efficient in selecting these patients than each test used by itself.
Association between recurrent aphthous ulcers and tobacco habits
Authors: AXÉLL TONY , HENRICSSON VINCENT
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The study is a compilation of data on oral mucosal lesions collected among 20 333 people aged 15 yr and over. The aim was to calculate the correlation between the prevalence of recurrent aphthous ulcers and various tobacco habits. The prevalence of aphthous ulcers in the population was 17.7% including cases referring to episodes within the last 2 yr. There was a negative correlation between the prevalence of ulcers and tobacco habits. The suppression of ulcers was most evident for those groups smoking pipe or cigarettes without filter and only moderate for those using snuff. Further, heavy smokers had a lower frequency of ulcers than moderate smokers.
Immunoelectron microscopic findings in oral mucosa of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and linear IgA disease
Authors: RANTALA IMMO , HIETANEN JARKKO , SOIDINMÄKI HANNU , REUNAEA TIMO
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Two patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and one with linear IgA disease were examined. Two of the patients had oral lesions and all three showed IgA deposits detected by direct immunofluorescence in apparently normal buccal mucosa. To localize the target structures for IgA deposition, biopsy specimens were taken from normal appearing buccal mucosa for immunoelectron microscopy. The patients with dermatitis herpetiformis had distinct IgA deposits in the upper connective tissue. These were often associated with elastic fibers and occasionally also with capillary walls. In contrast, the patient with linear IgA disease had IgA deposition at the subbasal lamina. Though the clinical expressions may be similar the present immunoelectron microscopic fmdings in oral mucosa clearly differentiate dermatitis herpetiformis from linear IgA disease.
Location and ultrastructure of the first cementum formed in rabbit incisors
Authors: GREVSTAD HANS J. , SELVIG KNUT A.
Published: October 2007

Abstract The morphology of the continuously erupting rabbit incisor differs characteristically from that of the rodent incisor and is incompletely known. In this study, permanent incisors from fetal New Zealand white rabbits aged 26–30 days in utero were processed for transmission electron microscopy. Examination of longitudinal and cross‐sections revealed that disintegration of the epithelial sheath on root analog surfaces was followed by cementogenesis. The first layer of cementum matrix was seen on the mesial aspect and consisted of a finely granular ground substance and a few embedded collagen fibrils which extended to the cementodentinal junction. Within the period 27–30 days in utero, acellular cementum was formed on all root‐analog surfaces and, in addition, formed a fine coating over the enamel. Although the initially formed cementum layer contained fewer collagen fibrils than subsequent layers, a layer of so‐called intermediate cementum was not observed.
Caries, periodontal status and some salivary factors in lactovegetarians
Authors: LINKOSALO EEVA , OHTONEN SEIJA , MARKKANEN HELENA , KARINPÄÄ ANJA , KUMPUSALO ESKO
Published: October 2007

Abstract Twenty‐eight lactovegetarians as well as age‐ and sex‐matched controls were interviewed about their dietary habits, especially the frequency of ingesting acid fruits, drinks and foods, as well as their dental health habits. Samples of stimulated saliva were collected in connection with the clinical and radiologic study. Plaque, Gingival and Calculus Indices were not significantly different in lactovegetarians and controls. Of the lactovegetarians 76.9% and of the controls none had dental erosions on some tooth surfaces. In lactovegetarians the rate of flow of stimulated saliva was lower than in controls but did not decrease with advancing age as it did in controls. Salivary pH was lower in lactovegetarians than in controls.
Immunologic findings of oral lichen planus
Authors: PIHLMAN KARI , HIETANEN JARKKO , LINDER EWERT , REUNALA TIMO
Published: October 2007

Abstract Immunofluorescence (IFL) examination in lichen planus (LP) often reveals fibrin deposition in the basement membrane (BM) zone and colloid bodies (CB) giving a positive IgM fluorescence. Oral biopsies were taken from the involved buccal mucosa of 10 LP patients. IFL examination showed fibrin deposition in the BM area of all patients but in none of the seven controls. CB were found in the upper connective tissue of 5/10 oral and 3/3 skin specimens and they were always positive for fibrin, IgM and keratin. Positive staining with keratin antiserum suggests the epithelial origin of CB but the importance of fibrin and IgM staining remains unknown. Double IFL staining revealed that in areas of heavy fibrin deposition and CB formation the laminin and fibronectin staining was absent, suggesting a damage to BM. Moreover, IFL examinations with serum amyloid P (SAP) antiserum and basic fuchsin (BF) showed alterations indicating that upper connective tissue elastic fiber system is also involved in oral LP.
Adsorption of selected organic compounds onto calcium fluoride
Authors: LINDEMANN GERTRUD
Published: October 2007

Abstract Selected organic compounds adsorb onto CaF2 and can be revealed by staining methods. The possible influence of CaF2 coated with organic compounds on the dissolution rale is discussed.