bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prototyping Development of Integrated Solar-driven Water-splitting Cells
Authors: Xiang Chengxiang , Walczak Karl , Haber Joel , Jones Ryan , Beeman Jeffrey W. , Guevarra Dan , Karp Chris , Liu Rui , Shaner Matthew , Sun Ke , West William , Zhou Lan
Published: September 2018

Producing fuels directly from sunlight using cost effective, and earth-abundant materials, with scalable processes, offers a unique opportunity and design space for long-term, grid-scale energy storage. Efficient solar-fuel devices require synergistic assembly of light absorbers, electrocatalysts, membrane separators and electrolytes. This book chapter summaries key materials, components and device designs that are critical to advance this technology, as well as attempts on integration of materials and components at different length scales during the original phase of JCAP. Not only successful device demonstrations but also failed attempts and lessons learned during the research and development will be presented, including stability and compatibility of various epoxy materials in different electrolytes, experimental handling and integration of ion-exchange membranes, and failed attempts on light absorber materials and lessons learned on electrolyte conditions and constraints. The book chapter is organized as follows: first, the selections of materials and components that constitute efficient, stable, scalable and safe solar fuel devices will be discussed in detail. Then, full device design, characterization and benchmarking will be reviewed and discussed. At the end, a system engineering approach will be introduced and specific examples of hierarchical requirements relating to the solar-fuel devices will be given. Prototyping and benchmarking integrated solar-driven water-splitting devices play a critical role in evaluating newly discovered materials and components in the real world settings and provide technical readiness level for practical development and deployment. Significant efforts in developing standard protocols for benchmarking are still needed to advance photoelectrochemical hydrogen production.
High-efficiency Water Splitting Systems
Authors: May Matthias M. , Döscher Henning , Turner John A.
Published: September 2018

In this chapter, we discuss the prerequisites for high-efficiency water splitting and their implementation with tandem cells based on absorbers of the III–V semiconductor material class. A brief outline of efficiency-limiting factors shows that at a given set of boundary conditions, such as catalyst performance, the optimum tandem absorbers require a very precise control of opto-electronic properties, as facilitated by the III–V compounds. After a short history of high efficiency solar energy conversion, we present recent implementations of highly efficient water splitting systems with solar-to-hydrogen efficiencies of 14–16% together with an outlook on further improvements. Even if other absorber systems turn out to be more cost-competitive, the III–V systems currently serve as a testbed for high-efficiency water splitting in general, with lessons to be learned for catalyst requirements, cell design, and efficiency validation. We conclude with a discussion of appropriate efficiency benchmarking routines, outlining potential pitfalls for multi-junction absorbers and how to avoid them.
Multi-lumen capillary based trypsin micro-reactor for the rapid digestion of proteins
Authors: Currivan S. A. , Chen W. Q. , Wilson R. , Sanz Rodriguez E. , Upadhyay N. , Connolly D. , Nesterenko P. N. , Paull B.
Published: September 2018

In this work we evaluated a novel microreactor prepared using a surface modified, high surface-to-volume ratio multi-lumen fused silica capillary (MLC).
Impact of the water-compatible periphery on the dynamic and structural properties of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide based amphiphiles
Authors: Schoenmakers Sandra M. C. , Leenders Christianus M. A. , Lafleur René P. M. , Lou Xianwen , Meijer E. W. , Pavan Giovanni M. , Palmans Anja R. A.
Published: September 2018

Similar morphologies but a different dynamic behaviour are revealed for supramolecular polymers in water differing in their water-compatible periphery.
Synthesis of nanosized SAPO-34 with the assistance of bifunctional amine and seeds
Authors: Wu Pengfei , Yang Miao , Sun Lijing , Zeng Shu , Xu Shutao , Tian Peng , Liu Zhongmin
Published: September 2018

Nanosized SAPO-34 with improved MTO catalytic performance has been synthesized with the assistance of bifunctional amines.
Crystal engineering by tuning the growth kinetics of GaN 3-D microstructures in SAG-HVPE
Authors: Avit Geoffrey , Zeghouane Mohammed , André Yamina , Castelluci Dominique , Gil Evelyne , Baé Si-Young , Amano Hiroshi , Trassoudaine Agnès
Published: September 2018

The growth of GaN 3-D microstructures is investigated by SAG-HVPE.
Theoretical and experimental investigations of 129Xe NMR chemical shift isotherms in metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Trepte Kai , Schwalbe Sebastian , Schaber Jana , Krause Simon , Senkovska Irena , Kaskel Stefan , Brunner Eike , Kortus Jens , Seifert Gotthard
Published: September 2018

Theoretical framework and experimental measurements to determine 129Xe chemical shift isotherms in the metal–organic frameworks UiO-66 and UiO-67.
Tunable mosaic structures in van der Waals layered materials
Authors: Quan Silong , He Linghui , Ni Yong
Published: September 2018

The topology of mosaic structures is tuned by the interlayer potential and mismatch, and a SDW network results from emergent mixed dislocations.
Contrasting reactivity of (boryl)(aryl)lithium-amide with electrophiles: N- vs. p-aryl-C-nucleophilic substitution
Authors: Dhara Debabrata , Vijayakanth Thangavel , Nayak Mithilesh Kumar , Kalita Pankaj , Boomishankar Ramamoorthy , Yildiz Cem Burak , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli , Jana Anukul
Published: September 2018

Nucleophilic substitution reaction of (boryl)(aryl)lithium-amide leads to two different types of products: N- vs. p-aryl-C-substitution based on electrophile.
Ln–Pt electron polarization effects on the magnetic relaxation of heterometallic Ho– and Er–Pt complexes
Authors: Yoshida Takefumi , Izuogu David C. , Zhang Hai-Tao , Cosquer Goulven , Abe Hitoshi , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Breedlove Brian K. , Yamashita Masahiro
Published: September 2018

Heterometallic Ln–Pt complexes, with the formula [Ln2Pt3(H2O)2(SAc)12] (Ln = Ho(1), Er(2); SAc = thioacetate), were synthesized.
Understanding factors influencing the detection of mercury policies in modelled Laurentian Great Lakes wet deposition
Authors: Giang Amanda , Song Shaojie , Muntean Marilena , Janssens-Maenhout Greet , Harvey Abigail , Berg Elizabeth , Selin Noelle E.
Published: September 2018

Challenges for detecting sub-decadal policy-related changes in mercury wet deposition in the Great Lakes are identified through modelling.
Surface recombination velocity of methylammonium lead bromide nanowires in anodic aluminium oxide templates
Authors: Khoram Parisa , Oener Sebastian Z. , Zhang Qianpeng , Fan Zhiyong , Garnett Erik C.
Published: September 2018

Here we present successful surface passivation of halide perovskite nanowires with anodic aluminum oxide templates.
Chemisorption of metallic radionuclides on a monolayer MoS2nanosheet
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Zhao Qiang , Huang Mei , Zhang Xiaodong , Ouyang Xiaoping
Published: September 2018

Due to the charge transfer between metalic radionuclides and MoS2nanosheet, the metalic radionuclides can be chemisorbed on the monolayer MoS2nanosheet stably.
A practical green approach to diversified spirochromene/spiropyran scaffoldsviaa glucose–water synergy driven organocatalytic system
Authors: Tufail Fatima , Saquib Mohammad , Singh Swastika , Tiwari Jyoti , Dixit Preety , Singh Jaya , Singh Jagdamba
Published: September 2018

Development of a versatile, new glucose–water organocatalytic system promoted, one pot, practical green method for the synthesis of diversified spirochromenes/spiropyrans is reported.
Lophine and pyrimidine based photoactive molecular hybrids. Synthesis, photophysics, BSA interaction and DFT study
Authors: Lopes João Paulo Bizarro , Câmara Viktor Saraiva , Russowsky Dennis , da Silveira Santos Fabiano , Beal Roiney , Nogara Pablo Andrei , da Rocha João Batista Teixeira , Gonçalves Paulo Fernando Bruno , Rodembusch Fabiano Severo , Ceschi Marco Antônio
Published: September 2018

New photoactive molecular hybrids containing both lophine and pyrimidine moieties as optical sensors.
Towards a general synthesis of di-aza-amino acids containing peptides
Authors: Bizet Faustine , Tonali Nicolo , Soulier Jean-Louis , Oliva Agostino , Kaffy Julia , Crousse Benoit , Ongeri Sandrine
Published: September 2018

Three synthetic routes are studied and compared to introduce two consecutive aza-amino acids bearing various side chains into peptides.
Assessment of intercalative interaction of the benzophenanthridine plant alkaloid nitidine with higher-ordered forms of RNA: spectroscopic evaluation
Authors: Haque Lucy , Bhuiya Sutanwi , Das Suman
Published: September 2018

Spectrophotometric, spectropolarimetric, viscometric and spectrofluorimetric analysis of the binding of the alkaloid nitidine to double- and triple-helical forms of RNA have served to highlight the ability of this drug to produce changes in the structure of RNA.
Organocatalytic asymmetric Michael/hemiketalization/acyl transfer reaction of 1,3-propanediones with (E)-2-(2-nitrovinyl)phenols
Authors: Bania Nimisha , Pan Subhas Chandra
Published: September 2018

An organocatalytic asymmetric cascade Michael/hemiketalization/acyl transfer reaction between (E)-2-(2-nitrovinyl)phenols and 1,3-propanediones is disclosed to generate products having keto, ester and nitro functionalities.
A pendant peptide endows a sunscreen with water-resistance
Authors: Ellison Aubrey J. , Raines Ronald T.
Published: September 2018

A small-molecule UV-filter with a pendant collagen mimetic peptide anneals to a collagen-laden surface and protects against UV radiation.
A convenient synthetic route towards H-bisphosphinates
Authors: Dussart Jade , Guedeney Nicolas , Deschamp Julia , Monteil Maelle , Gager Olivier , Legigan Thibaut , Migianu-Griffoni Evelyne , Lecouvey Marc
Published: September 2018

An easy to handle and rapid synthetic method of various aliphatic and (hetero)aryl 1-hydroxymethylene-1,1-bis(H-phosphinates) was developed and optimised.
Cyclic arylopeptoid oligomers: synthesis and conformational propensities of peptide-mimetic aromatic macrocycles
Authors: Hayakawa Masahide , Ohsawa Ayaka , Takeda Kumi , Torii Ryo , Kitamura Yoshiaki , Katagiri Hiroshi , Ikeda Masato
Published: September 2018

Dynamic macrocyclic peptide-mimetic molecule bearing sequence-controlled side chains.
Li2ZnTi3O8/graphene nanocomposite as a high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Song , Wang Lijuan , Meng Zhaohui , Luo Baomin
Published: September 2018

The structure of G modifying LZTO is beneficial for the diffusion of Li+ ions and transportation of electrons.
Evaluating microstructure evolution in an SOFC electrode using digital volume correlation
Authors: Heenan T. M. M. , Lu X. , Finegan D. P. , Robinson J. , Iacoviello F. , Bailey J. J. , Brett D. J. L. , Shearing P. R.
Published: September 2018

Degradation mechanisms that occur within solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) during thermal cycling limit operational start-up times and cell lifetime, and must therefore be better understood and mitigated.
Well dispersed MoC quantum dots in ultrathin carbon films as efficient co-catalysts for photocatalytic H2 evolution
Authors: Gao Fan , Zhao Yan , Zhang Lulu , Wang Bo , Wang Yaozhu , Huang Xueyan , Wang Kaiqiang , Feng Wenhui , Liu Ping
Published: September 2018

The proposed mechanism of photocatalytic reaction using a MoC-QDs/C/ZIS composite under visible light irradiation.
An inorganic-MOF-inorganic approach to ultrathin CuO decorated Cu–C hybrid nanorod arrays for an efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wu Jun-Xi , He Chun-Ting , Li Gao-Ren , Zhang Jie-Peng
Published: September 2018

A novel inorganic-MOF-inorganic (IMI) two-stage precursor approach for producing Cu@CuO–C with extraordinarily high OER performance.
Self-propagation high-temperature synthesis of half-Heusler thermoelectric materials: reaction mechanism and applicability
Authors: Xing Yunfei , Liu Ruiheng , Sun Yi-Yang , Chen Fan , Zhao Kunpeng , Zhu Tiejun , Bai Shengqiang , Chen Lidong
Published: September 2018

By revealing reaction mechanism associated with formation enthalpy and reaction binaries, various HH thermoelectric materials are prepared by self-propagation high-temperature synthesis (SHS) method. The thermoelectric property and stability of the samples are comparable to those prepared by other laboratory-scale methods.
Nonstoichiometry, structure, and properties of Ba1−xTiOythin films
Authors: Dasgupta Arvind , Saremi Sahar , Ruijuan Xu , Dedon Liv R. , Pandya Shishir , Damodaran Anoop R. , Martin Lane W.
Published: September 2018

Sometimes worse is better – variations in the chemistry of BaTiO3can have unexpected effects on properties.
Analysis of miRNA signature differentially expressed in exosomes from adriamycin-resistant and parental human breast cancer cells
Authors: Chen Wei-xian , Xu Ling-yun , Qian Qi , He Xiao , Peng Wen-ting , Zhu Yu-lan , Cheng Lin
Published: September 2018

A major cause of failure in chemotherapy is drug resistance of cancer cells. Exosomes have been introduced to spread chemoresistance through delivering miRNAs. However, a systematic evaluation of the exosomal miRNA expression profiles responsible for chemoresistance is still lacking. In the present study, miRNA signature differentially expressed in exosomes derived from adriamycin-resistant (A/exo) and parental breast cancer cells (S/exo) were analyzed by microarray and the results were confirmed by PCR. A total of 309 miRNAs were increased and 66 miRNAs were decreased significantly in A/exo compared with S/exo. Specifically, 52 novel miRNAs with increased expression levels >16.0-fold in A/exo were identified. After prediction of target genes for 13 of 52 selected novel miRNAs, pathway analysis, gene ontology (GO) terms, and protein–protein interactions (PPIs) were constructed. The results implied that these selected exosomal miRNAs inhibited target genes involved in transcriptional misregulation in cancer, MAPK, and Wnt signaling pathways. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that the target genes were mainly responsible for protein phosphorylation, transcription regulation, molecular binding, and kinase activity. In summary, the current bioinformatics study of exosomal miRNAs may offer a new understanding into mechanisms of chemoresistance, which is helpful to find potential exosomal miRNAs to overcome drug insensitivity in future breast cancer treatment.
Output tracking and disturbance rejection for 1-D anti-stable wave equation
Authors: Zhou Hua-Cheng
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we solve the output tracking and disturbance rejection problem for a system described by a one-dimensional anti-stable wave equation, with reference and disturbance signals that belong toW1,∞[0, ∞) andL∞[0, ∞), respectively. Generally, these signals cannot be generated from an exosystem. We explore an approach based on proportional control. It is shown that a proportional gain controller can achieve exponentially the output tracking while rejecting disturbance. Our method consists of three steps: first, we convert the original system without disturbance into two transport equations with an ordinary differential equation by using Riemann variables, then we propose a proportional control law by making use of the properties of transport systems and time delay systems. Second, based on our recent result on disturbance estimator, we apply the estimation/cancellion strategy to cancel to the external disturbance and to track the reference asymptotically. Third, we design a controller using a state observer. Since disturbance does not appear in the observer explicitly (the disturbance is exactly compensated), the controlled output signal is exponentially tracking the reference signal. As a byproduct, we obtain a new output feedback stabilizing control law by which the resulting closed-loop system is exponentially stable using only two displacement output signals.
Individualisierte Therapie der chronischen lymphatischen Leukämie
Authors: von Tresckow Julia , Hallek Michael , Eichhorst Barbara
Published: September 2018

Because of the excellent prognosis in early asymptomatic stage of the disease all patients outside clinical trial should undergo “watch & wait” independently of their individual risk profile. Prognostic markers and scoring systems, as the CLL international prognostic index (CLL-IPI), help predicting the individual prognosis. In advanced stage disease standard frontline therapy in patients without high risk factors is still the combination of chemotherapy and CD20-antibody. However, particularly elderly patients with unfavorable prognostic factors may alternatively be treated with the Btk-inhibitor. Novel targeted agents are the treatment of choice in presence of high risk prognostic factors as well as in most relapsed situations. They are currently tested in currently ongoing trials in frontline.
Immunsuppression beim nierentransplantierten Patienten über 65 Lebensjahre
Authors: Reshetnik Alexander
Published: September 2018

Ältere Patienten stellen eine zunehmende Population unter den Transplantierten. Leider sind die empirischen Daten zur immunsuppressiven Therapie in diesem
Kollektiv bislang begrenzt. Die vorhandene Evidenz deutet jedoch darauf hin, dass verfügbare moderne Immunsuppressionsprotokolle unter Beachtung spezieller
Besonderheiten bei älteren Patienten auch in dieser Klientel problemlos eingesetzt werden können. Dennoch sollten zukünftige randomisierte Studien ältere
Empfänger einschließen, um die Empirik in dieser zunehmend größeren Population zu erweitern.
Lieferengpässe: „Man stochert im Nebel“
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: September 2018

Aktuell haben Krankenhäuser mit Lieferengpässen bei Wunddrainagen zu kämpfen. Bei globalen Anbietern werden solche Versorgungslücken in Zukunft öfter entstehen, warnt Stefan Krojer, Leiter des strategischen Einkaufs des Johanniter Competence Centers. Im Gespräch mit kma erläutert er, wie Kliniken darauf reagieren können.
14. Gesundheitswirtschaftskongress: Modernisierung vor Regulierung: heilen statt faxen
Authors: Lohmann Heinz
Published: September 2018

Digitalisierung erfordert unternehmerisches Management. Die vorhandenen Experten müssen unterstützt werden, indem wir sie von berufsfremden Tätigkeiten entlasten. So müssen Pflegekräfte die Chance bekommen, das zu tun, weshalb sie ihren Beruf ergriffen haben: nämlich, die Patienten zu betreuen. Das Motto muss lauten „Heilen statt faxen“.
Medica 2018: „Startrampe“ für viele Start-ups
Authors: Retzlaff Lutz
Published: September 2018

Die deutschen Medizintechnik-Hersteller profitieren von der Digitalisierung in der Medizin.
Prüfpraxis in der Schweiz: „Die Stichprobe ist grundsätzlich eine gute Idee“
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: September 2018

Im Dauerzoff zwischen MDK und Kliniken wird die Schweizer Stichprobenprüfung als Modell für eine Reform der MDK-Prüfpraxis diskutiert. Dr. Henrik Pfahler von der Berner Insel Gruppe AG hält die Stichprobe grundsätzlich für eine gute Idee. Zu weniger Einzelfallprüfungen in den Kliniken führt sie jedoch nicht.
Wohnortnahe ambulante Versorgung: Der MRT-Truck zum Mitnehmen
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: September 2018

Mit dem Projekt „Mobiles MRT für Brandenburg“ hat die Klinikgruppe Ernst von Bergman ein deutschlandweit einmaliges Konzept umgesetzt, um Facharztkompetenz und High End-Diagnostik in die ländlichen Regionen zu bringen. Es hat das Potenzial, die ambulante Versorgung zu revolutionieren.
Datenschnittstelle Rettungsdienst und Notaufnahme: Mit Telematik die Patientenversorgung optimieren
Authors: Stadler Thomas , Taheri-Sohi Sohrab
Published: September 2018

Die digitale Übermittlung von Patientendaten aus dem Rettungswagen in die Zielklinik ermöglicht einen schnellen Austausch zwischen Rettungsmitteln und Krankenhäusern. In den Notaufnahmen können so Prozesse und Ressourcen optimal auf die aktuelle Situation abgestimmt werden.
Personalberatung: „Oberärzte zu finden, ist pure, strukturierte Fleißarbeit“
Authors: Grether Thomas
Published: September 2018

Andrea Köhn ist Geschäftsführerin der auf das Gesundheitswesen spezialisierten Personalberatung Köhn & Kollegen. Sie weiß, welche Kompetenzen für das strategische und operative Management im Krankenhaus erforderlich sind – und dass es für eine gute Personalauswahl ein tiefes Verständnis für die Talente und Ziele von Kandidaten braucht.
Sprechstunde in der PR-Ambulanz: Wie erreiche ich meine Einweiser?
Authors: Endele Kerstin
Published: September 2018

Kerstin Endele ist zur Hälfte Journalistin und zur Hälfte Biochemikerin. Seit mehr als 15 Jahren ist sie Expertin für Gesundheitskommunikation und war fünf Jahre Kommunikationschefin und Pressesprecherin der Charité. Wenn sie nicht Klinikvorstände aus Krisen rettet und Pressesprechern diverser Krankenhäuser dabei hilft, ein bisschen Strategie ins übliche Chaos zu bringen, betreibt sie mit der PR-Ambulanz (www.pr-ambulanz.com) einen der größten Blogs zur Klinikkommunikation in Deutschland.
Isolated Congenital Absence of Cranial Nerves: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Agarwal Vivek , Dhawan Sumeet , Sankhyan Naveen , Vyas Sameer
Published: September 2018

Isolated cranial nerve absence is a rare condition that can be diagnosed using high-resolution cranial nerve magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Thorough clinical examination with proper knowledge of the course of cranial nerves may help diagnose this rare condition. We describe two cases, one each of, isolated congenital absence of the third and seventh cranial nerve with their clinical presentation. High-resolution T2-weighted MR imaging was done in both patients which revealed absence of cisternal segment of the right-sided third nerve and cisternal with canalicular segment of the right-sided facial nerve.
ErbB-Familie Angriffspunkt bei Plattenepithelkarzinomen
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: September 2018

Die Identifikation onkogener Treiber und die zielgerichtete Therapie mit Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitoren (TKI) haben die Prognose von fortgeschrittenen Adenokarzinomen der Lunge verbessert. Bei Plattenepithelkarzinomen wurden molekulare Ziele gefunden, deren Blockade aber nur mit geringen Response- und Überlebensraten assoziiert war. Anders bei ErbB-Mutationen: Die Familie von Rezeptortyrosinkinasen weist eine hohe Homologie zum EGF-Rezeptor auf; ihre Inhibition mit Afatinib verbesserte das progressionsfreie und Gesamtüberleben.
Management von Lymphknotenmetastasen
Authors: Freye Reimund
Published: September 2018

Über die Themen, wie mit Lymphknoten-Metastasen beim Prostatakarzinom (PCa) umzugehen sei und welche Therapieoptionen dem Arzt dafür zur Verfügung stehen, diskutierte eine Expertenrunde auf dem Deutschen Krebskongress 2018 in Berlin. Dabei standen die Effekte einer radikalen Prostatektomie ebenso im Fokus wie eine neue strahlengeführte Lymphadenektomie und neue Verfahren zur Radiotherapie, für die aber noch keine entsprechenden Daten vorliegen.
Update der S3-Leitlinie Magenkarzinom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: September 2018

Unter der Federführung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Verdauungs- und Stoffwech-selkrankheiten wurde im Leitlinienprogramm Onkologie die neue S3-Leitlinie Magen-karzinom vorgestellt. Die wichtigsten Neuerungen in der Leitlinie wurden von Prof. Markus Möhler, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, auf dem Deutschen Krebskongress vorgestellt.
Upfront-Chirurgie im asymptomatischen Stadium IV ohne Nutzen
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: September 2018

Neuroendokrine Tumoren des Dünndarms (SI-NET) verlaufen in der Regel indolent und befinden sich bei der Diagnose oft in einem fortgeschrittenen Stadium. Bei Patienten im Stadium IV sind lokoregionale Operationen (LRS) meistens nicht kurativ. Die prophylaktische Chirurgie soll bei asymptomatischen Erkrankten intestinale Obstruktionen, Ischämien, Perforationen und Blutungen reduzieren. In einer retrospektiven Kohortenstudie hatte die vorbeugende Upfront-Chirurgie bei Patienten, die verzögert oder gar nicht operiert wurden, aber keine Vorteile.
Prädiktive Biomarker für die Patientenselektion
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: September 2018

Das adaptive Immunsystem gilt heute als „ideale“ Antitumortherapie, da mit T-Zellen und Antikörpern eine hohe Diversität gegeben ist, das Immunsystem kleinste chemische Alterationen unterscheidet und nach einem effektiven Antigen-Priming eine nachhaltige Wirkung erzielt wird. T-Zellen sind ideale Tumorkiller, sagte Prof. Andrea Tannapfel, Bochum, auf dem DKK in einer Keynote-Lecture.
Akute myeloische Leukämie bei Erwachsenen
Authors: Spiekermann Karsten , Shen Anne-Sophie
Published: September 2018

There are several changes in the revised WHO classification for acute leukemia. The latest version of the European Leukemia Network (ELN)-risk classification defines AML with mutations in RUNX1, ASXL1 or TP53 to fall in the unfavorable risk group. Consequently, the somatic molecular genetic testing at the time of initial diagnosis should encompass these before mentioned three genes next to the already routine testing of NPM1, CEBPA and FLT3-ITD. Several new innovative substances have been developed and approved for AML therapy. The multikinase inhibitor midostaurin is a new substance in the induction therapy for patients with FLT-3 mutated AML. CPX-351 (cytarabin and daunorubicin in liposomatic formulation in a defined molar relation) is a new option for therapy associated AML and AML with myelodysplastic changes. Enasidenib is a targeting drug for relapsed or refractory AML with IDH2 mutation. Gemtuzumab, a CD33 + antibody-drug-conjugate is approved for CD33 positive cases.
Stability of gapped ground state phases of spins and fermions in one dimension
Authors: Moon Alvin , Nachtergaele Bruno
Published: September 2018

We investigate the persistence of spectral gaps of one-dimensional frustration free quantum lattice systems under weak perturbations and with open boundary conditions. Assuming that the interactions of the system satisfy a form of local topological quantum order, we prove explicit lower bounds on the ground state spectral gap and higher gaps for spin and fermion chains. By adapting previous methods using the spectral flow, we analyze the bulk and edge dependence of lower bounds on spectral gaps.
UV-induced transformations of matrix-isolated 6-azacytosine
Authors: Lapinski Leszek , Reva Igor , Gerega Anna , Nowak Maciej J. , Fausto Rui
Published: September 2018

UV-induced transformations were studied for monomers of 6-azacytosine isolated in low-temperature Ar matrices. In contrast to cytosine, where the amino-hydroxy (AH) tautomer is the lowest-energy form, the amino-oxo (AO) and imino-oxo (IO) isomers of 6-azacytosine were found to be the most stable and most populated. Due to the high relative energy of the AH tautomer of 6-azacytosine, this form is not populated in low-temperature matrices after their formation and prior to any irradiation. Excitation of 6-azacytosine monomers with UV light from the 328–300 nm range led to structural transformations of AO and IO forms. The initially most populated AO tautomer was observed either to convert, in a phototautomeric reaction, into the AH product or to undergo photodecarbonylation to yield 4-amino-1,2,3-(2H)-triazole. The relative efficiencies of the two processes depend on the wavelength and on the pulsed or continuous-wave character of the UV light used for excitation. For the IO tautomer of 6-azacytosine, the excitation with UV 328–300 nm light induced the photoconversion of the initially more populated anti IO1 isomer into the syn IO2 form. This transformation was found to be partially photoreversible.
Perspective: Accurate treatment of the quantum dynamics of light molecules inside fullerene cages: Translation-rotation states, spectroscopy, and symmetry breaking
Authors: Bačić Zlatko
Published: September 2018

In this perspective, I review the current status of the theoretical investigations of the quantum translation-rotation (TR) dynamics and spectroscopy of light molecules encapsulated inside fullerenes, mostly C60 and C70. The methodologies developed in the past decade allow accurate quantum calculations of the TR eigenstates of one and two nanoconfined molecules and have led to deep insights into the nature of the underlying dynamics. Combining these bound-state methodologies with the formalism of inelastic neutron scattering (INS) has resulted in the novel and powerful approach for the quantum calculation of the INS spectra of a diatomic molecule in a nanocavity with an arbitrary geometry. These simulations have not only become indispensable for the interpretation and assignment of the experimental spectra but are also behind the surprising discovery of the INS selection rule for diatomics in near-spherical nanocavities. Promising directions for future research are discussed.
Decline in New Zealand's freshwater fish fauna: effect of land use
Authors: Joy Michael K. , Foote Kyleisha J. , McNie Pierce , Piria Marina
Published: September 2018

The number of New Zealand’s freshwater fish listed as threatened has increased since 1992 when the first New Zealand threat classification system list was compiled. In this study, temporal and land cover-related trends were analysed for data on freshwater fish distribution, comprising more than 20000 records for the 47 years from January 1970 to January 2017 from the New Zealand Freshwater Fish Database. The analysis included individual species abundance and distribution trends, as well as an index of fish community integrity, namely the Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI). Of the 25 fish species that met the requirements for analysis to determine changes in the proportion of sites they occupied over time, 76% had negative trends (indicating declining occurrence). Of the 20 native species analysed for the proportion of sites occupied over time, 75% had negative trends; 65% of these were significant declines and more species were in decline at pasture sites than natural cover sites. The average IBI score also declined over the time period and, when analysed separately, the major land cover types revealed that the IBI declined at pasture catchment sites but not at sites with natural vegetation catchments.
‘The dingo menace’: an historic survey on graziers’ management of an Australian carnivore
Authors: van Eeden Lily M. , Smith Bradley P. , Crowther Mathew S. , Dickman Chris R. , Newsome Thomas M.
Published: September 2018

Studies of environmental history provide an important lens through which to analyse our contemporary thinking and practices. Here we consider historic management of the conflict caused by dingo predation on livestock. We present unpublished findings of a comprehensive national survey of graziers’ attitudes, knowledge and interactions with dingoes that was conducted by Professor N.W.G. Macintosh in the 1950s. By analysing the 137 responses from this survey, we sought to determine the factors that shaped graziers’ attitudes and management decisions. The four most popular management methods employed to protect livestock from dingoes were trapping (80%), ground-baiting (68%), fencing (44%), and shooting (34%). Whether a respondent had sheep or not was the strongest determinant of which management methods were used, with sheep graziers less likely to use ground-baiting and shooting and more likely to use trapping and fencing. While some patterns among responses were evident, the study reveals the complex nature of graziers’ experiences with dingoes and suggests that, given the lack of scientific evidence available to them at the time of Macintosh’s survey, their decisions, observations, and attitudes were influenced by contextual factors. We use this analysis to consider how history has shaped contemporary dingo management. While the economic, social and environmental context has changed since Macintosh’s survey over 60 years ago, some historical attitudes and practices surrounding dingoes have endured and attacks on livestock by dingoes continue to be regarded as a major threat to graziers.
Zebularine significantly improves the preimplantation development of ovine somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos
Authors: Cao Hui , Li Jun , Su Wenlong , Li Junjie , Wang Zhigang , Sun Shuchun , Tian Shujun , Li Lu , Wang Hanyang , Li Jiexin , Fang Xiaohuan , Wei Qiaoli , Liu Chuang
Published: September 2018

Aberrant DNA methylation reduces the developmental competence of mammalian somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. Thus, hypomethylation-associated drugs are beneficial for improving reprogramming efficiency. Therefore, in the present study we investigated the effect of zebularine, a relatively novel DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, on the developmental potential of ovine SCNT embryos. First, reduced overall DNA methylation patterns and gene-specific DNA methylation levels at the promoter regions of pluripotency genes (octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4), SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (Sox2) and Nanog) were found in zebularine-treated cumulus cells. In addition, the DNA methylation levels in SCNT embryos derived from zebularine-treated cumulus cells were significantly reduced at the 2-, 4-, 8-cell, and blastocyst stages compared with their corresponding controls (P<0.05). The blastocyst rate was significantly improved in SCNT embryos reconstructed by the cumulus donor cells treated with 5nM zebularine for 12h compared with the control group (25.4±1.6 vs 11.8±1.7%, P<0.05). Moreover, the abundance of Oct4 and Sox2 mRNA was significantly increased during the preimplantation stages after zebularine treatment (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results indicate that, in an ovine model, zebularine decreases overall DNA methylation levels in donor cumulus cells and reconstructed embryos, downregulates the DNA methylation profile in the promoter region of pluripotency genes in donor cells and ultimately elevates the expression of pluripotency genes in the reconstructed embryos, which can lead to improved development of SCNT embryos.
Extracellular vesicles derived from donor oviduct fluid improved birth rates after embryo transfer in mice
Authors: Qu Pengxiang , Zhao Yuelei , Wang Rong , Zhang Yali , Li Lu , Fan Jianglin , Liu Enqi
Published: September 2018

Embryo transfer (ET) is an important procedure for assisted reproduction. However, the relatively lower success rate of ET hampers its application potential. In this study we aimed to elucidate the effects of extracellular vesicles derived from donor oviduct fluid (EDOF) on embryo development after ET. Extracellular vesicles from the oviduct were isolated and purified using ultracentrifugation and identified using transmission electron microscopy, NanoSight, bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay and western blotting. The results revealed that extracellular vesicles were present in donor oviduct fluid in higher concentrations (P<0.05) and contained more proteins (P<0.05) than extracellular vesicles derived from recipient oviduct fluid (EROF). EDOF or EROF were supplemented in an ET medium (ETM) and the results showed that EDOF significantly improved birth rate via resisting apoptosis and promoting differentiation. In conclusion, our study indicated that there are differences in EDOF and EROF and that supplementing EDOF to ETM can improve the efficiency of ET; improved ET efficiency promotes the use of gene editing and benefits assisted reproductive technology and animal welfare.
The influence of a new water infrastructure development on the relative abundance of two Australian freshwater turtle species
Authors: Clark Natalie J. , Mills Courtenay E. , Osborne Nicolette A. , Neil Kerry M.
Published: September 2018

Development of water infrastructure benefits water security and agriculture but poses risks to habitat and aquatic fauna. Wyaralong Dam was constructed on Teviot Brook in 2010 to provide future urban water supplies for South East Queensland, Australia. Construction of the dam created a large impoundment area and environmental impact assessment predicted significant impacts upon resident freshwater turtle species and their habitats. Differences in habitat requirements, life-history characteristics and sensitivity to change between the Macquarie River turtle (Emydura macquarii macquarii) and the common saw-shelled turtle (Myuchelys latisternum) were expected to influence the impact of the dam on the spatial and temporal abundance of these species. The relative abundance of each species was monitored at sites located within, upstream and downstream of the impoundment across wet and dry seasons during the dam’s first five years of operation. The results of this monitoring program indicate that spatial and temporal variability in the relative abundance of E. macquarii macquarii and M. latisternum occurred during the study but not all expected impacts were realised. Contrary to expectation, the relative abundance of E. macquarii macquarii did not increase over time within, upstream or downstream of the dam. M. latisternum showed greater temporal variability at some sites; however, no clear relationship between relative abundance and operational years was observed during the monitoring program. Spatial variability in relative abundance between sites was dependent upon season, with trends generally consistent across both turtle species. Where differences between species were observed, these are suspected to have resulted from the influence of environmental conditions on species-specific movement behaviours. The monitoring program confirmed the use of the upper limits of the impoundment and the plunge pool below the dam wall by both turtle species but relative abundance within the main body of the impoundment remained low throughout monitoring. The results of the study allow for consideration of the suitability of predefined management measures and the development of recommendations for future monitoring programs prescribed for water infrastructure developments.
The culture of social comparison
Authors: Baldwin Matthew , Mussweiler Thomas
Published: September 2018

Significance

Humans have the unique ability to coordinate behavior, economic exchange, political action, and social relationships across immense distances and times. To keep this level of coordination running smoothly, we often look to others as comparison standards for how to behave, think, and feel. A detailed understanding of the relation between social comparison and broad patterns of social life is lacking, however. The current research is a step in this direction—we show that social comparison is linked to cultural practices that promote strong norms and punishment for deviance (tightness) and those that promote relational self-construal (collectivism). These findings advance our understanding of the origins of social comparison and highlight the essential role of comparison for the development of social life.
Function and crystal structure of the dimeric P-loop ATPase CFD1 coordinating an exposed [4Fe-4S] cluster for transfer to apoproteins
Authors: Stehling Oliver , Jeoung Jae-Hun , Freibert Sven A. , Paul Viktoria D. , Bänfer Sebastian , Niggemeyer Brigitte , Rösser Ralf , Dobbek Holger , Lill Roland
Published: September 2018

Maturation of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) proteins in eukaryotes requires complex machineries in mitochondria and cytosol. Initially, Fe-S clusters are assembled on dedicated scaffold proteins and then are trafficked to target apoproteins. Within the cytosolic Fe-S protein assembly (CIA) machinery, the conserved P-loop nucleoside triphosphatase Nbp35 performs a scaffold function. In yeast, Nbp35 cooperates with the related Cfd1, which is evolutionary less conserved and is absent in plants. Here, we investigated the potential scaffold function of human CFD1 (NUBP2) in CFD1-depleted HeLa cells by measuring Fe-S enzyme activities or
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Fe incorporation into Fe-S target proteins. We show that CFD1, in complex with NBP35 (NUBP1), performs a crucial role in the maturation of all tested cytosolic and nuclear Fe-S proteins, including essential ones involved in protein translation and DNA maintenance. CFD1 also matures iron regulatory protein 1 and thus is critical for cellular iron homeostasis. To better understand the scaffold function of CFD1-NBP35, we resolved the crystal structure of
Chaetomium thermophilum
holo-Cfd1 (ctCfd1) at 2.6-Å resolution as a model Cfd1 protein. Importantly, two ctCfd1 monomers coordinate a bridging [4Fe-4S] cluster via two conserved cysteine residues. The surface-exposed topology of the cluster is ideally suited for both de novo assembly and facile transfer to Fe-S apoproteins mediated by other CIA factors. ctCfd1 specifically interacted with ATP, which presumably associates with a pocket near the Cfd1 dimer interface formed by the conserved Walker motif. In contrast, ctNbp35 preferentially bound GTP, implying differential regulation of the two fungal scaffold components during Fe-S cluster assembly and/or release.
Macrophages of distinct origins contribute to tumor development in the lung
Authors: Loyher Pierre-Louis , Hamon Pauline , Laviron Marie , Meghraoui-Kheddar Aïda , Goncalves Elena , Deng Zihou , Torstensson Sara , Bercovici Nadège , Baudesson de Chanville Camille , Combadière Béhazine , Geissmann Frederic , Savina Ariel , Combadière Christophe , Boissonnas Alexandre
Published: September 2018

Tissue-resident macrophages can self-maintain without contribution of adult hematopoiesis. Herein we show that tissue-resident interstitial macrophages (Res-TAMs) in mouse lungs contribute to the pool of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) together with CCR2-dependent recruited macrophages (MoD-TAMs). Res-TAMs largely correlated with tumor cell growth in vivo, while MoD-TAMs accumulation was associated with enhanced tumor spreading. Both cell subsets were depleted after chemotherapy, but MoD-TAMs rapidly recovered and performed phagocytosis-mediated tumor clearance. Interestingly, anti-VEGF treatment combined with chemotherapy inhibited both Res and Mod-TAM reconstitution without affecting monocyte infiltration and improved its efficacy. Our results reveal that the developmental origin of TAMs dictates their relative distribution, function, and response to cancer therapies in lung tumors.
A cosmological signature of the SM Higgs instability: gravitational waves
Authors: Espinosa J.R. , Racco D. , Riotto A.
Published: September 2018

A fundamental property of the Standard Model is that the Higgs potential becomes unstable at large values of the Higgs field. For the current central values of the Higgs and top masses, the instability scale is about 1011GeV and therefore not accessible by colliders. We show that a possible signature of the Standard Model Higgs instability is the production of gravitational waves sourced by Higgs fluctuations generated during inflation. We fully characterise the two-point correlator of such gravitational waves by computing its amplitude, the frequency at peak, the spectral index, as well as their three-point correlators for various polarisations. We show that, depending on the Higgs and top masses, either LISA or the Einstein Telescope and Advanced-Ligo, could detect such stochastic background of gravitational waves. In this sense, collider and gravitational wave physics can provide fundamental and complementary informations. Furthermore, the consistency relation among the three- and the two-point correlators could provide an efficient tool to ascribe the detected gravitational waves to the Standard Model itself. Since the mechanism described in this paper might also be responsible for the generation of dark matter under the form of primordial black holes, this latter hypothesis may find its confirmation through the detection of gravitational waves.
The Role of Research in Attaining Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Fayomi O.S.I. , Okokpujie I. P. , Udo Mfon
Published: September 2018

A study on the significant roles of research in the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals was carried out to analyze the facts and figures gotten through secondary information’s to determine the resultant effect of research in the pursuance of the SDGs. This research explores various opinions of several authors and researchers towards the concept of research in totality. This study gave clear indications that research as a full concept is not a cliché and it is revolving year-in year-out in our contemporary world of interest as the need for human survival on the planet earth gets more prioritized on the agenda of the various sustainability organizations like UNESCO, United Nations, UNEP, IISD. This is the present century’s goal and it is all NGOs and other private parastatals are enjoined to be part of this move as it is a collective effort to seeing its realizations.
Capital structure and corporate performance in late Imperial Russia
Authors: Gregg Amanda , Nafziger Steven
Published: September 2018

This article investigates the financing of corporations in industrialization’s early stages by examining new balance sheet data describing all Imperial Russian corporations in 1914. We emphasize differences between two Russian corporation types: share partnerships and A-corporations. Share partnerships issued greater dividends, were less likely to issue bonds, and had larger accounts payable. We find that capital structures varied with age, size, and sector according to modern corporate finance theories and that scaled profits did not demonstrate differential market power across corporation types. Thus, Russian corporations exhibited considerable financial flexibility, and reducing incorporation costs could have benefited the Imperial Russian economy.
Spousal Loss and Change in Cognitive Functioning: An Examination of Temporal Patterns and Gender Differences
Authors: Wörn Jonathan , Comijs Hannie , Aartsen Marja
Published: September 2018

Objectives

The study investigates whether the disadvantaged position of men in the adverse consequences of widowhood for health and mortality also exists for changes in cognitive health.

Methods

We used data of up to 1,269 men and women aged 65 years and older who participated in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam in 3-yearly assessments between 1992 and 2012 (5,123 person-observations). All were married and without cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination ≥ 24) at baseline and up to 419 lost their spouse. In fixed effects regression models, the effect of spousal loss on change in four domains of cognitive functioning was estimated independently of age-related cognitive change.

Results

For women, a robust temporary decrease was found in the second year after spousal loss in the reasoning domain, but not in global cognitive functioning, processing speed, or memory. No robust effects were found for men.

Discussion

Considering that only one cognitive domain was affected and effects were temporary, cognitive functioning seems rather robust to the experience of spousal loss. Despite men having often been reported to be in a disadvantaged position in other health domains, our analyses indicate no such pattern for cognitive functioning.