bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enquadrando eventos de protesto
Authors: Teixeira Alex Niche , Fernandes Eduardo Georjão , Silva Marcelo Kunrath
Published: December 2020

O tema deste artigo são as disputas travadas por veículos midiáticos na cobertura a ações de movimentos sociais. Busca-se, empiricamente, identificar os enquadramentos interpretativos construídos por três jornais (Zero Hora, Diário Gaúcho e Sul21) sobre o ciclo de protestos de 2013, em Porto Alegre/RS. Metodologicamente, foi construído um banco de dados com todas as publicações de cada jornal, na cobertura ao ciclo de manifestações, bem como foram entrevistados(as) jornalistas responsáveis pela produção do conteúdo dessas publicações. A partir da análise de dados, formulou-se uma tipologia dos enquadramentos interpretativos adotados em diferentes momentos do ano. A análise cronológica denotou disputas entre esses diferentes modelos de cobertura, com a constituição de um “campo de batalha” interpretativo. Conclusivamente, (a) afirma-se a necessidade de estudos que identifiquem o enquadramento midiático como processo interativo e (b) questiona-se a parcela da teoria que assume que os enquadramentos midiáticos teriam necessariamente uma valoração “negativa” em relação ao ativismo.
Entrevista com Isabel Travancas
Authors: Travancas Isabel , Mick Jacques , Bergamo Alexandre , Serra Pedro
Published: December 2020

Entrevista com Isabel Travancas
Calendários com exibição de Olimpíadas e previsão de eclipses no mecanismo de Antikythera
Authors: Bandeira Beatriz
Published: December 2020

Este artigo apresenta as investigações pioneiras realizadas pelos pesquisadores membros (Freeth et. al., 2008) do Projeto de Pesquisa Mecanismo de Anticitera e demonstram, a partir de análises científicas e tecnológicas dos 82 fragmentos de bronze, suas inscrições e engrenagens, a estrutura e as funções do primeiro computador analógico da história, o Mecanismo de Anticitera, datado entre os séculos150 a.C. -100 a.C., por estes autores.
O aparato, neste contexto, representa a existência da concepção mecânica e da alta tecnologia certamente envolvida neste dispositivo, capaz de prever dados astronômicos tanto do passado, como do presente e do futuro.
Para melhor expor suas investigações referentes aos calendários com exibição das Olimpíadas e de previsão de eclipses localizados na parte posterior do mecanismo, os autores apresentam os dados analisados dos mostradores; Metônico (parte superior) e seus relógios subsídiários das Olimpíadas e do ciclo Calíptico, e, o Saros (parte inferior) com a exposição detalhada, dos fragmentos que compõem cada um dos mostrador, a estrutura desses calendários, com interpretações e combinações de glifos, observações dos esquemas babilônicos para previsões de eclipses lunares e solares, seguido da identificação dos problemas com os glifos das horas destas predições.
Diante deste contexto é oportuno salientar que, alguns pesquisadores do Centro de História da Ciência da Unversidade de São Paulo instauraram no Brasil (2017) um Projeto de Investigação do Mecanismo de Anticitera e tem como parceiros o Museu Cultural Catavento de São Paulo, que expõe no espaço Universo, uma réplica do dispositivo — doada pelos líderes do projeto —, o Centro de Tecnologia da Informação Renato Archer (CTI), e o Núcleo de Tecnologias Tridimensionais (NT3D), de Campinas São Paulo, que reúnem esforços para reconstruir uma réplica dinâmica do aparato com todas as suas possíveis funções descobertas até o momento afim de viabilizar o acesso à história como patrimônio de toda a humanidade e potencializar a educação tecnológica e museal no cenário histórico, cultural e científico.
Em busca da clarineta perdida: conexão com a performance no reencontro com meus instrumentos
Authors: Freire Ricardo José Dourado
Published: December 2020

Este artigo é um relato de experiência sobre os procedimentos de divulgação pública de um processo de coleta de dados sobre performance musical. Este processo de pesquisa aconteceu em decorrência das restrições impostas pela pandemia do COVID19, quando os protocolos de pesquisa estão sendo mediados por dinâmicas relacionadas tanto com a produção de vídeos quanto por dinâmicas de interação com mídias sociais. A convergência de métodos de pesquisa, produção artística e divulgação na internet criou um novo ambiente para realização de investigações artísticas. O projeto de pesquisa que foi estabelecido em três etapas: 1) Definição do projeto de performance, 2) Produção de vídeos para internet, e 3) Elaboração de estratégias de divulgação em mídias sociais. O projeto Desafio com 15 clarinetas foi realizado em Novembro de 2020, com pré-produção entre agosto e outubro, produção e publicação dos vídeos, entre 1 e 20 de novembro, nas plataformas Facebook, Instagram e Youtube. O projeto consistiu na gravação em vídeo da peça Hommage à Strauss de Béla Kovács com 15 configurações de instrumento, boquilha e palheta. O propósito desta experiência foi a preparação e divulgação de uma performance musical nas mídias sociais explorando as possibilidades atuais de elaboração de conteúdo, produção e divulgação.
Fladem Brasil: ações de resistência em meio à pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Domingues Glauber Resende , Batista Leonardo Moraes
Published: December 2020

Este texto pretende apresentar algumas ações de resistência forjadas pela seção brasileira do FLADEM (Foro Latino Americano de Educación Musical), o Fladem Brasil, como medidas para atravessar e resistir à Pandemia de COVID-19 que tem assolado o mundo e, por conseguinte, o Brasil. Na introdução contextualizaremos o que é o FLADEM e como tem sido o enfrentamento à pandemia por intermédio do isolamento social. A primeira parte do texto pretende apresentar a constituição e a realização das lives Fladem Brasil. Já na seção posterior pretendemos explicitar questões acerca do processo de realização das lives pedagógicas e formativas. Na terceira parte traremos alguns desdobramentos destas duas ações que ocorreram no final do primeiro semestre de 2020 e que resultaram no curso  “Das pedagogias abertas à práxis escancarada”. Na quarta e última seção discorreremos sobre a última ação do Fladem Brasil, que foi o Seminário Nacional. Ao final procuraremos apontar o que temos como instituição aprendido com este momento de isolamento físico e quais percepções temos em relação a ações futuras do Fladem Brasil acerca do pós-pandemia, que já é hoje.
Listing the unknown—checklist of liverworts and hornworts of Laos

Authors: SÖDERSTRÖM LARS , HAGBORG ANDERS , PÓCS TAMÁS , VON KONRAT MATT
Published: December 2020

We report the first checklist of liverworts from Laos. Only 66 species are known from the country, in addition to three unconfirmed and three rejected reports. Eight taxa have been published with types from Laos, two of them invalidly. Not a single hornwort has been reported from the country.
Urbanization-Induced Land and Aerosol Impacts on Storm Propagation and Hail Characteristics
Authors: Lin Yun , Fan Jiwen , Jeong Jong-Hoon , Zhang Yuwei , Homeyer Cameron R. , Wang Jingyu
Published: December 2020

Changes in land surface and aerosol characteristics from urbanization can affect dynamic and microphysical properties of severe storms, thus affecting hazardous weather events resulting from these storms such as hail and tornadoes. We examine the joint and individual effects of urban land and anthropogenic aerosols of Kansas City on a severe convective storm observed during the 2015 Plains Elevated Convection At Night (PECAN) field campaign, focusing on storm evolution, convective intensity, and hail characteristics. The simulations are carried out at the cloud-resolving scale (1 km) using a version of WRF-Chem in which the spectral-bin microphysics (SBM) is coupled with the Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry (MOSAIC). It is found that the urban land effect of Kansas City initiated a much stronger convective cell and the storm got further intensified when interacting with stronger turbulence induced by the urban land. The urban land effect also changed the storm path by diverting the storm toward the city, mainly resulting from enhanced urban land-induced convergence in the urban area and around the urban–rural boundaries. The joint effect of urban land and anthropogenic aerosols enhances occurrences of both severe hail and significant severe hail by ~20% by enhancing hail formation and growth from riming. Overall the urban land effect on convective intensity and hail is relatively larger than the anthropogenic aerosol effect, but the joint effect is more notable than either of the individual effects, emphasizing the importance of considering both effects in evaluating urbanization effects.
A New Look at the Separation Surge in Europe: Contrasting Adult and Child Perspectives
Authors: Kalmijn Matthijs , Leopold Thomas
Published: December 2020

This study contrasts adult and child perspectives on divorce and separation. Based on harmonized retrospective life history data from eight European countries, we study the risk of divorce and separation from the perspective of adult unions and the perspective of children born into these unions. The analysis connects adult and child perspectives, focusing on union cohort changes (1945 to 2005) in the associations between parenthood, education, and (parental) separation. Our findings show that trends differ substantially between adult and child perspectives. First, the cohort surge in divorce and separation is stronger in adults than in children. Second, inequality in the risk of divorce and separation grows faster in children than in adults. For both trends, disparities between adult and child perspectives grow across cohorts due to increasingly negative associations between parenthood, education, and separation. In several countries, the separation surge has been trivial for children of higher-educated couples.
Outcome of Surgical Management of Pancreas Neoplasms in a Large Community Hospital
Authors: Biswas Sukanto , Udekwu Pascal , Stiles Anquonette , Roy Sara
Published: December 2020

Background

Outcomes of complex pancreatic procedures have been used as an index for quality, and higher volume has been associated with improved outcomes, leading to advocacy for referral to those centers. The aim of the study was to evaluate the outcomes of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) at a low-volume referral center.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study included patients who had a PD within a 7-year period. Operative performance parameters and outcomes were examined.

Results

Overall, there were 47 pancreatic resections, of which 38 met the inclusion criteria and were used for analyses. The overall median for blood loss, packed red blood cells units transfused, and postoperative days in hospital was as follows, respectively: 675 mL (interquartile range [IQR] = 500-900), 0 units (IQR = 0-2), 12 days (IQR = 9-18). Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and complications align with the literature. The 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 5%. Survival probability for those with pancreatic adenocarcinoma at 1 year was 52% and 7% for years 2 and 3.

Discussion

As cases increased, significant improvement was noted in process outcomes including blood loss, blood transfusion rates, and length of stay (LOS). Survival was comparable to that in the literature, with limitation of not being adjusted for adjuvant therapy. Outcomes of complex pancreatic procedures, like PD, at a low-volume center with commitment and adequate support systems, can match those at high-volume centers.
Does Wound Management Technique Impact Surgical Site Infection in Open Emergency Colon Procedures?
Authors: Turcotte Justin J. , Boord Andrea , Antognoli Lauren , Klune J. Robert , Feather Cristina B.
Published: December 2020

Background

Emergency open large bowel procedures have higher rates of intraoperative contamination and increased risk of surgical site infection (SSI) than elective colon surgeries. Several wound management strategies have been proposed, such as vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy and delayed primary closure to improve results. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between wound management technique and SSI and other quality measures.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of patients undergoing open emergency colon surgery from January 2017 to December 2018 by our acute care surgery service. The primary outcome measure was incidence of SSI. Secondary outcome measures included length of stay, reoperation, and 30-day readmission.

Results

A total of 118 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 62.8 years and mean BMI of 28.8. Overall incidence of SSI was 19.5%. There was no significant difference in incidence of SSI, reoperation, or 30-day readmission when stratifying by wound management technique or procedure type after controlling for confounding variables. Notably, patients managed with VAC therapy had a statistically significant longer average length of stay and higher total postoperative antibiotic days (both P = .001) than other techniques.

Discussion

We conclude from our data that wound management technique does not seem to influence rate of SSI, but wound management may influence length of stay or antibiotic duration. These findings suggest that there may not be an advantage to alternative methods of wound management in this high-risk population. Further prospective evaluation should be performed to confirm these findings.
Preservation of the Arterial Arc Formed by Left Colic Artery, Proximal Inferior Mesenteric Artery, and the First Branch of Sigmoid Arteries in Anus Saving Treatment of Low Rectal Cancer
Authors: Shaibu Zakari , Chen Zhi-hong , Theophilus Acquah , Mzee Said A. S.
Published: December 2020

Background

Low anterior, ultralow anterior, and intersphincteric resection are conventional, elective anus-sparing techniques for low rectal cancer, and good prognosis depends on a good blood supply and tension-free anastomosis.

Aim

The goal is to assess the effect of preserving the arc formed by the left colic and proximal inferior mesenteric arteries (IMAs), and first branch of the sigmoid arteries on the anastomotic blood supply, tension, and leakage rate in anus-sparing surgery for low rectal cancer.

Method

From 2011 to 2020, a patient with low rectal cancer resection was distributed into the ligation group (42 cases with inferior mesenteric artery ligation) and the preservation group (61 cases with preservation of the left colic and proximal IMAs and first branch of the sigmoid artery).

Results

We evaluated patient characteristics, operative results, morbidity, and postoperative follow-up results. There were comparable outcomes between ligation and preservation groups in relations to the number of patients in each operative procedure, duration of surgery, operative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, and the number of patients with protective stoma ( P >.05). In postoperative morbidity, there were similar outcomes between ligation and preservation groups in terms of anastomotic subclinical dehiscence, bleeding and stricture, and urinary retention ( P >.05). There were significant differences in anastomotic leakage and intra-abdominal abscess ( P < .05).

Conclusion

Preservation of the arterial arc formed by left colic artery, proximal IMA, and the first branch of sigmoid arteries with apical lymph node dissection could increase anastomotic blood supply, reduce anastomotic tension, and leakage rate in anus-saving treatment of low rectal cancer.
Social Value Creation in Institutional Voids: A Business Model Perspective
Authors: Lashitew Addisu A. , van Tulder Rob , Muche Lukas
Published: December 2020

The literature on Base of the Pyramid (BoP) strategies emphasizes that creating social value requires collaborative, multi-stakeholder business approaches. However, there is limited understanding of how businesses can successfully coordinate such value creation processes in the developing economies that face significant institutional voids. This study adopts a business model perspective for analyzing social value creation processes that span organizational boundaries. We introduce a novel, theoretically grounded business model framework that helps conceptualize social value by locating the various loci of value creation, and the stakeholders that partake in creating and capturing this value. We subsequently analyze the mechanisms of social value creation in M-Pesa, a renowned boundary-spanning mobile money system that has advanced financial inclusion among tens of millions of users in Kenya. The results show that information and communications technology can help advance social value creation by reducing the cost of coordinating boundary-spanning business models that integrate diverse societal stakeholders. The results further point to uneven distributional outcomes in self-governing social value creation strategies where the focal firm plays a coordinating role.
Tolerant allies: The Joint Arctic Weather Stations, Canadianization, and Canada–United States relations in the Cold War Arctic
Authors: Lackenbauer P. Whitney
Published: December 2020

From 1947–1972, the Joint Arctic Weather Stations (JAWS) program transformed Canada’s High Arctic. This article focuses on Canada’s aspirations to “Canadianize” the joint program from the late 1940s to the late 1960s. Both Canada and the United States questioned the extent and form of American involvement in the JAWS program intermittently over 25 years of joint operations. Was Canadianization of these remote weather stations necessary or practical? This article concludes that, in retrospect, the conventional, dominant narrative that emphasizes the ongoing American threat to Canada’s Arctic sovereignty seems misplaced with respect to the JAWS story.
Family Instability and Adolescent Relationships: The Role of Parental Relationship Churning
Authors: Halpern-Meekin Sarah , Turney Kristin
Published: December 2020

Parental relationship histories are associated with adolescents’ romantic and sexual relationships. However, no research examines the association between parents’ being in an on-again/off-again relationship (churning) and adolescent relationship outcomes, even though a substantial minority of youth experience this form of family instability. Using Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study data, the present study examines how parental relationship histories are associated with adolescents’ dating and sexual experiences. We find that differences in outcomes between adolescents who experience parental relationship churning and adolescents who experience other parental relationship histories are largely explained by variation in adolescent and parental characteristics. These findings suggest that adolescents who experience parental relationship churning are a distinctive group, but for reasons other than their parents’ tumultuous relationship histories.
“That’s well good”: A Re-emergent Intensifier in Current British English
Authors: Aijmer Karin
Published: December 2020

Well has a long history and is found as an intensifier already in older English. It is argued that diachronically well has developed from its etymological meaning (‘in a good way’) on a cline of adverbialization to an intensifier and to a discourse marker. Well is replaced by other intensifiers in the fourteenth century but emerges in new uses in Present-Day English. The changes in frequency and use of the new intensifier are explored on the basis of a twenty-year time gap between the old British National Corpus (1994) and the new Spoken British National Corpus (2014). The results show that well increases in frequency over time and that it spreads to new semantic types of adjectives and participles, and is found above all in predicative structures with a copula. The emergence of a new well and its increase in frequency are also related to social factors such as the age, gender, and social class of the speakers, and the informal character of the conversation.
Socialism and Empire: Labor Mobility, Racial Capitalism, and the Political Theory of Migration
Authors: Valdez Inés
Published: December 2020

This essay brings together political theories of empire and racial capitalism to clarify the entanglements between socialist and imperial discourse at the turn of the twentieth century. I show that white labor activists and intellectuals in the United States and the British settler colonies borrowed from imperial scripts to mark non-white workers as a threat. This discourse was thus both imperial and popular, because it absorbed the white working class into settler projects and enlisted its support in defense of imperial logics of labor control. While white workers’ demands of enfranchisement were part of a transnational imagination that was both imperial and narrowly emancipatory, this discourse reemerged as one of popular sovereignty and found channels and paths to institutionalization through national states. These institutional formations arose out of the encounter between capitalists interested in facilitating mobility of racialized laboring subjects around the globe, elite projects invested in sheltering settler spaces, and white workers concerned with protecting their own labor from competition by excluding exploitable non-white workers. White labor’s embrace of racial prejudice and the exclusion of workers of color created segregated labor spaces that fit neatly with both capitalist goals of labor control and the protection of the settler status of emerging polities. Bringing to the forefront the imperial genealogy of popular sovereignty and immigration control disrupts liberal political theory frameworks that condemn restrictions as well as those that find migration restrictions permissible. The analysis also illuminates contemporary immigration politics.
Hate Crime Victimization and Weapon Use
Authors: Malcom Zachary T. , Lantz Brendan
Published: December 2020

Prior research has suggested that hate crimes hurt more, in that they are more physically severe than other crimes. A separate body of research has focused on the role of weapons in exacerbating violence; yet, no research has considered the role of weapon use in bias crime victimization. Following this, this research examines the relationship between weapon use, bias motivation, and victimization in the United States. On one hand, weapons may play an important role in hate crime by exacerbating violence. On the other hand, weapons may be unnecessary for facilitating hate crime violence, given the animus associated with bias motivation. Using data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System, we find that bias crimes are both (a) less likely than nonbias crimes to involve weapons and (b) more likely than nonbias crimes to involve serious or lethal victim injury. These patterns are particularly pronounced for antisexual orientation hate crimes.
The Heterogeneity of Suicide Attempters: An Analysis of Single- and Repeat-Suicide Attempters Among People in Custody
Authors: Stoliker Bryce E.
Published: December 2020

Suicide attempters represent a heterogeneous group, whereby repeat-suicide attempters possess a differing risk profile compared with single-suicide attempters. Using cross-sectional data from a nationally representative sample of 18,185 people in custody in the United States, the current study compared repeat-suicide attempters ( n = 1,549) to single-suicide attempters ( n = 1,146), and compared single- and repeat-suicide attempters to suicide ideators ( n = 1,741), on a range of correlates. Multiple suicide attempts were more commonly reported than a single attempt, especially among women. Several factors differentiated repeat-suicide attempters from single-suicide attempters, with men and women exhibiting some similarities and differences in correlates of repeat- versus single-suicide attempts. Several factors also differentiated single- and repeat-suicide attempters from suicide ideators. Overall, repeat-suicide attempters exhibited greater vulnerability to respond to stress through means of suicide as compared with single-suicide attempters. Discussion emphasizes the importance of acknowledging the heterogeneity of suicide attempters.
The Value of the Tax Deferral Option
Authors: Kuo Nan-Ting , Lee Cheng-Few
Published: December 2020

This study explores the value of the tax deferral option. By examining ex-day stock-price-change ratios for taxable stock dividends in Taiwan, we find that the tax deferral option is valuable to investors. For a $1 taxable stock dividend, the tax deferral option produces 33.9 ¢ in tax savings, which suggests a tax deferral parameter of 11.3%. We also find that stocks with the tax deferral option have higher trading volumes around ex-days than those without this option, and that higher investor-level tax rates lead to higher value of the tax deferral option. We contribute to the literature by cleanly determining the value of the tax deferral option; our result is not confounded by the restart option.
The Impact of New Member Orientation Programs on Union Member Commitment: Evidence from a National Study in a Post-Janus Setting
Authors: Clark Paul F.
Published: December 2020

This article presents the findings of a study that examined local union new member orientation programs and their impact on member attitudes toward the union. Data for this study were collected through a survey of new members of six geographically dispersed local and regional affiliates of a large national public sector union. Members were asked about their experiences as new members. The findings provide strong evidence that high-quality new member orientation programs have a positive impact on member commitment to the union and that unions and union leaders can invest resources in initiating or improving these programs with the confidence that they will have a positive and significant impact on member attitudes. It also provides specific insights into the elements of effective new member orientation programs and includes action recommendations on how unions can use new member orientations programs to build stronger organizations.
Aspiring Dual-Professional Couples’ Career Launch Plans and Childbearing Timing
Authors: Wong Jaclyn S.
Published: December 2020

Previous research details women’s career launch and childbearing timing strategies without fully theorizing how such work–family plans may be developed alongside men. Overlooking men’s role in this process obscures how women’s partners can shape their work–family experiences. This study examines how young dual-professional couples plan two careers while timing childbearing. Interviews with 40 partners from 21 mostly White different-sex couples reveal that partners plan simultaneous career launches; sequence men’s career launches before women’s; or independently pursue career plans. These career launch strategies are not tightly linked to whether couples agree to forgo parenthood; delay childbearing; or initiate childbearing soon. In some couples, women had thought in more detail about childbearing timing in relation to the partners’ careers than men had. These couple-level data show that men’s career plans more directly shape women’s career plans than childbearing plans do because men and women can view childbearing as separate from career planning.
Core Strength Training Can Alter Neuromuscular and Biomechanical Risk Factors for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Jeong Jiyoung , Choi Dai-Hyuk , Shin Choongsoo S.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Core stability is influential in the incidence of lower extremity injuries, including anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, but the effects of core strength training on the risk for ACL injury remain unclear.

Hypothesis:

Core muscle strength training increases the knee flexion angle, hamstring to quadriceps (H:Q) coactivation ratio, and vastus medialis to vastus lateralis (VM:VL) muscle activation ratio, as well as decreases the hip adduction, knee valgus, and tibial internal rotation angles.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 48 male participants were recruited and randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 32) or the control group (n = 16). Three-dimensional trunk, hip, knee, and ankle kinematic data and muscle activations of selected trunk and lower extremity muscles were obtained while the participants performed side-step cutting. The core endurance scores were measured before and after training. Two-way analyses of variance were conducted for each dependent variable to determine the effects of 10 weeks of core strength training.

Results:

The trunk endurance scores in the intervention group significantly increased after training ( P < .05 for all comparisons). The intervention group showed decreased knee valgus ( P = .038) and hip adduction angles ( P = .032) but increased trunk flexion angle ( P = .018), rectus abdominis to erector spinae coactivation ratio ( P = .047), H:Q coactivation ratio ( P = .021), and VM:VL activation ratio ( P = .016). In addition, the knee valgus angle at initial contact was negatively correlated with the VM:VL activation ratio in the precontact phase ( R2 = 0.188; P < .001) but was positively correlated with the hip adduction angle ( R2 = 0.120; P < .005). No statistically significant differences were observed in the trunk endurance scores, kinematics, and muscle activations for the control group.

Conclusion:

Core strength training altered the motor control strategies and joint kinematics for the trunk and the lower extremity by increasing the trunk flexion angle, VM:VL activation ratio, and H:Q activation ratio and reducing the knee valgus and hip adduction angles.

Clinical Relevance:

Training core muscles can modify the biomechanics associated with ACL injuries in a side-step cutting task; thus, core strength training might be considered in ACL injury prevention programs to alter the lower extremity alignment in the frontal plane and muscle activations during sports-related tasks.
Functional, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Second-Look Arthroscopic Outcomes After Pullout Repair for Avulsion Tears of the Posterior Lateral Meniscus Root
Authors: Zhuo Hongwu , Pan Ling , Xu Yangkai , Li Jian
Published: December 2020

Background:

Little data exist in the literature regarding second-look arthroscopic outcomes after pullout repair for avulsion tears of the posterior lateral meniscus root.

Purpose:

To (1) assess the functional, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and second-look arthroscopic outcomes after pullout repair for avulsion tears of the posterior lateral meniscus root; (2) determine which demographic and clinical factors influenced healing of the repaired posterior lateral meniscus root; and (3) compare outcomes between different meniscal healing status groups.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A total of 31 patients underwent pullout repair for avulsion tears of the posterior lateral meniscus root and had a minimum 2-year follow-up. Functional outcomes were assessed using patient-reported scores (Lysholm, Tegner, and International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC] scores). Lateral meniscal extrusion, cartilage degeneration of the lateral compartment, and healing of the repaired posterior lateral meniscus root were assessed via MRI. The healing status was also assessed using second-look arthroscopic surgery, and the patients were divided into different healing status groups.

Results:

The postoperative patient-reported scores improved significantly compared with the preoperative values ( P = .001). Lateral meniscal extrusion was reduced significantly from 3.37 ± 0.82 mm preoperatively to 0.63 ± 0.80 mm at final follow-up ( P = .001). The grade of cartilage degeneration of the lateral compartment progressed from 0.69 ± 0.67 preoperatively to 0.95 ± 0.83 at final follow-up ( P = .213). MRI scans showed complete healing in 28 patients (90.3%) and partial healing in 3 patients (9.7%). Second-look arthroscopic surgery showed stable healing in 18 of 23 patients (78.3%) and lax healing in 5 of 23 patients (21.7%). Patients with stable healing had significantly higher Lysholm and IKDC scores, more reduction of meniscal extrusion, and less progression of cartilage degeneration than did patients with lax healing ( P < .05). Concomitant anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was found to significantly positively influence healing of the repaired posterior lateral meniscus root ( P = .047).

Conclusion:

Pullout repair for avulsion tears of the posterior lateral meniscus root yielded significantly improved patient-reported scores, reduced meniscal extrusion, and a satisfactory healing rate at final follow-up. Patients with stable healing had significantly better functional and MRI outcomes than did patients with lax healing.
Consequences of Exposure to Violence, Aggression, and Sexual Harassment in Private Security Work: A Mediation Model
Authors: Herrmann Alexander , Seubert Christian , Glaser Jürgen
Published: December 2020

While exposure to violence and aggression is well known for its detrimental effects on employees’ health as well as organizational outcomes, certain high-risk work domains have scarcely been researched. Thus, this study set out to determine negative consequences of work-related exposure to four forms of harmful behaviors in private security. In a sample of 487 German-speaking security guards, 23% had experienced outsider-initiated violence, 56% aggressive acts, 30% vicarious violent acts, and 3% were sexually harassed over the past 12 months. Additionally, 19% reported substantial to extreme worries about violence. By presenting an integrated model of negative consequences to outsider-initiated violent, aggressive as well as sexual harassing acts, we strived to extend previous research by showing that turnover intention (as an ultimate negative behavioral outcome) is only indirectly related to these experiences via worries about violence and psychosomatic complaints. Structural equation modeling provided support for the model and plausibility for a sequential “two-step” prediction of turnover intention. Further, we provided support that worries about violence are not solely triggered by directly experiencing physical violence but also vicarious violence, aggressive acts, and sexual harassment. Consistent with previous studies, worries about violence were identified as a central mediator in the transmission process from exposure to harmful behaviors at work to negative consequences, that is, psychosomatic complaints and turnover intention. Our findings have implications for the detailed understanding of consequences emerging from exposure to workplace violence and aggression as well as the development of effective prevention strategies especially in high-risk occupations such as private security.
Effects of nanofiller geometries and interfacial properties on the mechanical performance of polymer nanocomposites—A numerical study
Authors: Hu Yueqi , Ding Jow-Lian , Chen Yao
Published: December 2020

Many studies, experimental, theoretical, and numerical, have been done on polymer nanocomposites, but nearly all of them have focused on a particular type of material system or some specific material properties. A comprehensive understanding of this complicated material system is still quite lacking. The objective of this study is to use mesoscale finite element simulation to gain insights on the reinforcing efficiencies of different types of carbon nanofillers as distinguished by their geometries and interfacial strengths. It is demonstrated that CNT (carbon nanotube) and CNF (carbon nanofiber) have larger load carrying capacity and potentially higher reinforcing efficiency than GNP (graphite nanoplatelet) due to their larger aspect ratio and physical length. However, the higher load carrying capacity is also associated with higher interfacial stress which can lead to earlier debonding, particularly for CNT. GNP, on the other hand, has lower load carrying capacity, and is thus less sensitive to the bonding condition and less susceptible to debonding. The overall reinforcing efficiency is a manifestation of the interplay between the load carrying capacity of the filler, which is limited by filler’s geometry, and the load transfer capability at the interface, which is limited by the filler/matrix interfacial strength. This interplay is also reflected in the effects of filler orientation on reinforcing efficiency. The insights gained from this study can be used to devise a strategy for developing advanced nanocomposites, such as hybrid composites.
Assisted dying reframed in the context of English law’s approach to suicide
Authors: Wicks Elizabeth
Published: December 2020

This article seeks to reframe the issue of assisted dying in terms of English law’s broader regulation of suicide. It identifies a long-standing ambiguity about the role of the law in respect of suicide, notwithstanding its decriminalisation in the Suicide Act 1961. Reviewing the passage of that Act and subsequent judicial and parliamentary involvement, the article identifies some pertinent unanswered questions such as whether suicide can ever be viewed as a legitimate exercise of autonomy; whether assistance in performing suicide should ever be lawful; and when exactly there is a legal duty on others to intervene to prevent a suicide. It is argued that until such questions are addressed directly in the broader context of suicide, the appropriate legal approach to assisted dying cannot be settled.
A Scoping Review of Resilience-Focused Interventions of Kunjing Children in Mainland China
Authors: Wang Miao , Zhang Qingzhu , Fan Yao , Hong Jun Sung
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

Kunjing children refer to those who endure harsh living conditions due to family poverty, health problems, and lack of parental care in Mainland China. This scoping review aims to explore interventions promoting the resilience of kunjing children in China.

Method:

Both Chinese and English studies published by January 2020 were reviewed through a comprehensive search of articles in Web of Science and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure. Empirical studies targeting resilience-focused interventions for kunjing children in China were selected.

Results:

A total of 12 studies were reviewed. Seven studies tested interventions involving only kunjing children, and the other five involved both children and parents/caregivers. Children with health problems and those who lack parental care participated in the programs, but children in poverty were absent. Group-based interventions were the most commonly used programs, which were effective.

Conclusion:

The current state of intervention studies calls for programs that promote resilience of kunjing children and their parents/caregivers.
Characteristics and Academic Productivity Among Pediatric Plastic Surgeons in the United States
Authors: Egro Francesco M. , Williams Abraham A. , Roy Eva , Smith Brandon T. , Goldstein Jesse A. , Losee Joseph E. , Nguyen Vu T.
Published: December 2020

Background:

The characteristics that predispose plastic surgeons to a career in pediatric plastic surgery remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the characteristics of current pediatric plastic surgeons and to determine their academic productivity.

Methods:

Pediatric plastic surgeons were identified through an internet search of all academic children’s hospitals affiliated with an Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–accredited integrated or independent plastic surgery program. Demographics, training background, institutional and leadership positions, and academic productivity were determined.

Results:

A total of 304 pediatric plastic surgeons were identified. The majority of pediatric plastic surgeons were white (n = 217, 71.8%) males (n = 235, 77.6%). Clinical fellowships were completed by 86.8% (n = 263) of the cohort, with craniofacial (n = 181, 59.7%) being the most common followed by hand (n = 54, 17.8%); 41.1% had clinical fellowship training at 10 institutions, with the top 3 most represented programs being University of Pennsylvania (n = 19, 6.2%), University of California-Los Angeles (n = 16, 5.3%), and Harvard University (n = 15, 4.9%); 25.7% (n = 78) held leadership positions within their institutions. A significant higher academic productivity was found among research fellowship-trained surgeons, chiefs of pediatric plastic surgery, fellowship directors, and members of departments of plastic surgery. Those who completed an independent residency had a significant higher H-index and number of citations.

Conclusion:

Pediatric plastic surgery is represented by surgeons of diverse training background. An elite cohort of programs has trained the most pediatric plastic surgeons. Lastly, high academic productivity was found to be correlated with certain demographic and leadership variables highlighting its impact on career advancement.
A Temporal View on the Academic–Practitioner Gap
Authors: de Man Ard-Pieter , Luvison Dave , de Leeuw Tim
Published: December 2020

There is consensus about the existence of an academic–practitioner gap in management studies. However, views diverge about the width of the gap and the possibility to bridge it. By introducing diffusion theory into the debate, this article shows the gap is not static, but widens or closes over time. We reconceptualize the academic–practitioner gap as consisting of two different diffusion cycles, one in practice and one in academia. Depending on the shape and timing of these cycles, the academic–practitioner gap is either large or small. Our conceptual analysis based on diffusion theory reveals an undiscussed yet important cause of the academic–practitioner gap, namely, divergent diffusion cycles for academia and practice. This analysis also helps to resolve the paradoxes of academic–practitioner interaction which have been suggested in the literature. For practice, this suggests that interventions proposed to bridge the gap may only work at specific points in time.
Geometrically nonlinear dynamic analysis of functionally graded porous partially fluid-filled cylindrical shells subjected to exponential loads
Authors: Khayat Majid , Baghlani Abdolhossein , Dehghan Seyed Mehdi , Najafgholipour Mohammad Amir
Published: December 2020

This article investigates the influence of graphene platelet reinforcements and nonlinear elastic foundations on geometrically nonlinear dynamic response of a partially fluid-filled functionally graded porous cylindrical shell under exponential loading. Material properties are assumed to be varied continuously in the thickness in terms of porosity and graphene platelet reinforcement. In this study, three different distributions for porosity and three different dispersions for graphene platelets have been considered in the direction of the shell thickness. The Halpin–Tsai equations are used to find the effective material properties of the graphene platelet–reinforced materials. The equations of motion are derived based on the higher-order shear deformation theory and Sanders’s theory. Displacements and rotations of the shell middle surface are approximated by combining polynomial functions in the meridian direction and truncated Fourier series with an appropriate number of harmonic terms in the circumferential direction. An incremental–iterative approach is used to solve the nonlinear equations of motion of partially fluid-filled cylindrical shells based on the Newmark direct integration and Newton–Raphson methods. The governing equations of liquid motion are derived using a finite strip formulation of incompressible inviscid potential flow. The effects of various parameters on dynamic responses are investigated. A detailed numerical study is carried out to bring out the effects of some influential parameters, such as fluid depth, porosity distribution, and graphene platelet dispersion parameters on nonlinear dynamic behavior of functionally graded porous nanocomposite partially fluid-filled cylindrical shells reinforced with graphene platelets.
Vitamin D Levels are Associated with Disease Activity and Damage Accrual in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients
Authors: Correa-Rodríguez María , Pocovi-Gerardino Gabriela , Callejas-Rubio José-Luis , Ríos-Fernández Raquel , Martín-Amada María , Cruz-Caparrós María-Gracia , DelOlmo-Romero Sara , Ortego-Centeno Norberto , Rueda-Medina Blanca
Published: December 2020

Vitamin D has immunosuppressive properties and is considered a therapeutic option, although there is controversy about the role of this vitamin in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency and their potential association with disease activity, damage accrual, SLE-related clinical manifestations, and cardiovascular risk factors in SLE patients. A cross-sectional study of 264 patients was conducted (89.4% females; mean age 46.7 ± 12.9 years). The SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI-2 K) and the SDI Damage Index were used to assess disease activity and disease-related damage, respectively. The mean 25(OH)D value was 25.1 ± 13.0 ng/ml. Eleven patients (4.2%) had 25(OH)D <10 (deficiency) and 178 patients (70.6%) had 25(OH)D <30 (insufficiency). In the 25(OH)D deficiency group, SLEDAI was significantly higher than the insufficiency ( p = 0.001) and normal groups ( p < 0.001). Also, patients with vitamin D deficiency presented significantly higher SDI scores than patients with 25(OH)D insufficiency ( p = 0.033) and 25(OH)D normal levels ( p = 0.029). There is a high prevalence of both vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in Caucasian SLE patients and this status was associated with higher SLEDAI and SDI scores, supporting the impact of vitamin D levels on disease activity and damage accrual in SLE patients. Longitudinal studies on the relationship between vitamin D status and disease activity and progression are therefore required.
Development of an Intraoperative Pipeline for Holographic Mixed Reality Visualization During Spinal Fusion Surgery
Authors: Buch Vivek P. , Mensah-Brown Kobina G. , Germi James W. , Park Brian J. , Madsen Peter J. , Borja Austin J. , Haldar Debanjan , Basenfelder Patricia , Yoon Jang W. , Schuster James M. , Chen Han-Chiao I.
Published: December 2020

Objective. Holographic mixed reality (HMR) allows for the superimposition of computer-generated virtual objects onto the operator’s view of the world. Innovative solutions can be developed to enable the use of this technology during surgery. The authors developed and iteratively optimized a pipeline to construct, visualize, and register intraoperative holographic models of patient landmarks during spinal fusion surgery. Methods. The study was carried out in two phases. In phase 1, the custom intraoperative pipeline to generate patient-specific holographic models was developed over 7 patients. In phase 2, registration accuracy was optimized iteratively for 6 patients in a real-time operative setting. Results. In phase 1, an intraoperative pipeline was successfully employed to generate and deploy patient-specific holographic models. In phase 2, the registration error with the native hand-gesture registration was 20.2 ± 10.8 mm (n = 7 test points). Custom controller-based registration significantly reduced the mean registration error to 4.18 ± 2.83 mm (n = 24 test points, P < .01). Accuracy improved over time (B = −.69, P < .0001) with the final patient achieving a registration error of 2.30 ± .58 mm. Across both phases, the average model generation time was 18.0 ± 6.1 minutes (n = 6) for isolated spinal hardware and 33.8 ± 8.6 minutes (n = 6) for spinal anatomy. Conclusions. A custom pipeline is described for the generation of intraoperative 3D holographic models during spine surgery. Registration accuracy dramatically improved with iterative optimization of the pipeline and technique. While significant improvements and advancements need to be made to enable clinical utility, HMR demonstrates significant potential as the next frontier of intraoperative visualization.