bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Refractive index sensing by asymmetric dielectric gratings with both bound states in the continuum and guided mode resonances
Authors: Liu Chuanbao , Bai Yang , Zhou Ji , Chen Junhong , Qiao Lijie
Published: December 2021

Guided mode resonances (GMRs) and bounded states in the continuum (BICs), both supported by dielectric gratings, can realize ultrahigh Q-factors and strong localized field enhancements, beneficial to high-performance sensing applications. In this paper, based on GMR theory and numerical simulations, we systematically investigate the relationship between different order GMRs and BICs/quasi-BICs in Si-based dielectric gratings with symmetric, singly, and doubly asymmetric profiles. The introduction of broken-symmetry in adjacent gaps or Si nanobeams brings about new GRM and symmetry-protected BIC and can transform the fundamental BIC into a resonant state with finite Q-factor as high diffraction orders. A Friedric-Wintgen BIC is also achieved under normal incidence by breaking symmetries of both gaps and Si nanobeams. Further, the asymmetric dielectric gratings with high Q-factor quasi-BICs are designed as a refractive index sensor. Although the Q-factor and localized electric field penetrating into the vacuum are greatly improved with the decreasing asymmetry parameter, the sensitivity is almost unchanged while the FOM demonstrates an inverse square dependence on the asymmetry parameter. To further improve the sensitivity, we construct an asymmetric dielectric grating with a low fill factor and a big period, which manifests an excellent sensing performance with a near theoretical sensitivity limit of ∼1506 nm/RIU and an ultrahigh FOM of ∼5000.
Large-curvature specular surface phase measuring deflectometry with a curved screen
Authors: Liu Cheng , Zhang Zonghua , Gao Nan , Meng Zhaozong
Published: December 2021

Deflectometry has been widely used in topography measurement of the specular surface due to the merits of full-field data acquisition, automatic data processing, high accuracy, and large dynamic range. Existing deflectometry-based methods, such as model phase measuring deflectometry, direct phase measuring deflectometry, and stereo deflectometry, employ a plane screen, so they have a small field view. The characteristics of curved screens can effectively expand the range of the gradient and height field of the measured specular surface. This paper presents a novel deflectometric technique by using a curved screen to measure large-curvature specular surface. In order to obtain a model of the curved screen, a stereo vision method has been proposed to capture fringes displayed on the curved screen. After phase correction along epipolar lines and homologous points matching, the point cloud containing location and phase is obtained. A virtual plane fixed on the screen is assumed to gain posture and position of the screen. The model of the curved screen is transferred to the deflectometric system through the virtual plane. After calibrating the deflectometric system, height of specular objects can be obtained. Simulated and actual experiments on measuring specular objects have been carried out and the results show high accuracy and large field view for large-curvature specular surface of the proposed technique.
Design and fabrication of a high-performance binary blazed grating coupler for perfectly perpendicular coupling
Authors: Xu Jinbin , Yang Sipan , Wu Liying , Xu Liping , Li Yaqian , Liao Rujun , Qu Minni , Quan Xueling , Cheng Xiulan
Published: December 2021

A high-performance binary blazed grating coupler (BBGC) on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform for perfectly vertical coupling has been proposed. The period and the etching depth of the grating and the fill factors of the sub-gratings are simulated optimally with manufacturable feature sizes, and the coupling efficiency (CE) is as high as −1.78 dB at 1550 nm with a broad 3-dB bandwidth of around 100 nm. Then, a BBGC with the CE of −3.69 dB at 1550.5 nm and a 3-dB bandwidth of about 70 nm was experimentally demonstrated. Moreover, a large process tolerance of about 20 nm on the narrower sub-grating width was proved, achieving the insertion loss lower than −4.64 dB at 1550 nm. The realization of the BBGC on a SOI platform is simple, repeatable, and compatible with standard complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology.
Thermally induced depolarization in a silicon (c-Si) single crystal
Authors: Snetkov Ilya , Bulanov Denis , Yakovlev Alexey , Palashov Oleg , Khazanov Efim
Published: December 2021

Single-crystal silicon is one of the most promising materials for producing test masses for the new generation of laser interferometers intended for the detection of gravitational waves. We studied the thermally induced depolarization of radiation in single-crystal silicon with [001] orientation at a wavelength of 1940 nm at room temperature. The value of the piezo-optical anisotropy ratio was found to be ξ = −0.63 ± 0.05 for one manufacturer and ξ = 0.62 ± 0.05 for another. The physical reason for the different signs was not established, and the search for this reason will continue. For the single-crystal silicon with the negative piezo-optical anisotropy ratio, the directions of the special orientations [C] and [P] for which thermally induced depolarization and thermal lens astigmatism vanish, respectively, were determined. When ξ is close to –0.5, the special orientations are close to [111], making this orientation preferable to the other traditionally used orientation, [001].
Evaluation of acetamiprid and azoxystrobin residues and their hormonal disrupting effects on male rats using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Halawa Ekramy , Ryad Lamia , El-Shenawy Nahla S. , Al-Eisa Rasha A. , EL-Hak Heba N. Gad
Published: December 2021

Endocrine-disrupting compounds as pesticides affect the hormonal balance, and this can result in several diseases. Therefore, the analysis of representative hormones with acetamiprid (AC) and azoxystrobin (AZ) was a good strategy for the investigation of the endocrine-disrupting activity of pesticides. Hence, a sensitive and rapid analytical method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed. The method was validated for the analysis of AC, AZ, estriol, estrone, progesterone, and testosterone in the serum, testis, and liver of rats. The correlation between the residues of pesticides and the disturbance of the endocrine system was evaluated. The different mass parameters, mobile phase types, analytical columns, injection volumes, and extraction solvents were compared to get the lowest limit of detection of the studied compounds. The detection limits of AC, AZ, estriol, estrone, progesterone, and testosterone were 0.05, 0.05, 1.0, 10, and 1.0 ng/ml, respectively. The method developed was applied to evaluate the changes in these hormones induced by the duration of exposure to AC and AZ in rat testis and serum. The hormones level in rat serum and testis had a significant decrease as they were oral gavage treated with different high concentrations of studied pesticides. Both pesticides were distributed in the body of rats by the multi-compartment model (liver, testis, and serum).
Changes in prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among adults in Bangladesh: An analysis of two waves of nationally representative surveys
Authors: Chowdhury Muhammad Abdul Baker , Islam Mirajul , Rahman Jakia , Uddin Mohammed Taj , Haque Md Rabiul , Uddin Md Jamal
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Bangladesh is one of the countries where the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension is rising due to rising living standards, sedentary lifestyles, and epidemiological transition. Among the NCDs, hypertension is a major risk factor for CVD, accounting for half of all coronary heart disease worldwide. However, detailed research in this area has been limited in Bangladesh. The objective of the study was to estimate changes in the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among Bangladeshi adult population. The study also sought to identify socioeconomic status-related inequality of hypertension prevalence in Bangladesh.

Methods

Cross-sectional analysis was conducted using nationally representative two waves of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) in 2011 and 2017–18. Survey participants were adults 18 years or older- which included detailed biomarker and anthropometric measurements of 23539 participants. The change in prevalence of hypertension was estimated, and adjusted odds ratios were obtained using multivariable survey logistic regression models. Further, Wagstaff decomposition method was also used to analyze the relative contributions of factors to hypertension.

Results

From 2011 to 2018, the hypertension prevalence among adults aged ≥35 years increased from 25.84% to 39.40% (p<0.001), with the largest relative increase (97%) among obese individuals. The prevalence among women remained higher than men whereas the relative increase among men and women were 75% and 39%, respectively. Regression analysis identified age and BMI as the independent risk factors of hypertension. Other risk factors of hypertension were sex, marital status, education, geographic region, wealth index, and diabetes status in both survey years. Female adults had significantly higher hypertension risk in both survey years in the overall analysis in, however, in the subgroup analysis, the gender difference in hypertension risk was not significant in rural 2011 and urban 2018 samples. Decomposition analysis revealed that the contributions of socio-economic status related inequality of hypertension in 2011 were46.58% and 20.85% for wealth index and BMI, respectively. However, the contributions of wealth index and BMI have shifted to 12.60% and 55.29%, respectively in 2018.

Conclusion

The prevalence of hypertension among Bangladeshi adults has increased significantly, and there is no subgroup where it is decreasing. Population-level approaches directed at high-risk groups (overweight, obese) should be implemented thoroughly. We underscore prevention strategies by following strong collaboration with stakeholders in the health system of the country to adopt healthy lifestyle choices.
Parkinson’s patients situation during the SARS CoV-2 pandemic and their interest in telemedicine A cross-sectional study
Authors: Witt Victoria Dorothea , Baur Gabriel , Ecke Jule , Kirchner Anja , Hauptmann Björn
Published: December 2021

Background

During the SARS CoV-2 pandemic, telemedicine experienced an enormous boom. Also, for Parkinson’s patients there are upcoming alternatives to regular care.

Objective

The aim of the present study was to interview Parkinson’s patients under the impression of the first lockdown in Germany about their health care situation, but especially about the use of and attitudes towards videotherapy and -consultation.

Methods

Northern German members of the German Parkinson Association were mailed a 16-item questionnaire including demographic questions on a one-time basis. The voluntary participants answered regarding their health care situation during the first German SARS CoV-2 lockdown, as well as attitudes towards videotherapy/-consultations.

Results

The 332 (of 974 questionnaires) responding evaluated their care situation predominantly (58.7%) unchanged during lockdown. There was hardly any previous experience in the areas of videotherapy and -consultations (15.4% and 3%, respectively), but at the same time mostly imaginability of implementation (54.2% and 56%, respectively) and the belief that they could motivate themselves to do so (51.8%). A total of 69% welcomed technical support for the implementation of videotherapy.

Conclusion

In principle, there seems to be both, a need and an interest in telematics in healthcare such as videotherapy and video consultations, even if further barriers such as technical implementation need to be addressed. An expansion of telemedical services and infrastructure seems desirable not only in the pandemic situation, but also in the long term against the backdrop of demographic change, especially in an area like Schleswig-Holstein. Further studies are needed.
Influenza vaccination coverage and factors associated with severe laboratory-confirmed influenza-related illness in patients receiving care at a tertiary hospital in Catalonia (Spain) during the 2018–2019 epidemic season
Authors: Mena Guillermo , Casas Irma , Casañ Cristina , Auñón Mario , Matas Lurdes , Mòdol Josep-Maria , Esteve María
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Influenza vaccination rates in risk groups remain suboptimal. Evidence supporting a significant association between influenza vaccination and severe illness is limited.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of out- and inpatients with laboratory-confirmed influenza infection attended during the 2018–19 epidemic season. Influenza vaccination coverage by indication was analyzed. Logistic regression was used to compare the odds of vaccination between severe and non-severe influenza-positive patients. Severe cases were defined as presenting pneumonia, admission to critical care units and/or death.

Results

The overall vaccination coverage among influenza-positive patients was 30.4%. In subjects with ≥ 1 indication for vaccination, the vaccination coverage was 42.4%. By indication, coverage rates were: 52.5% in patients aged ≥ 59 years, 42.2% in obese patients, 29.2% in immunosuppressed subjects and 6.5% in pregnant women. In patients with underlying chronic diseases, a higher coverage was found in patients with cognitive impairment (77%), muscular dystrophy (63.6%) and renal disease (60.4%). The multivariate logistic regression model showed severe influenza-related illness was associated with a lack of influenza vaccination before seeking care during the 2018–2019 season [0.59 (95%CI 0.36–0.97); p = 0.038], older age [1.01 (95%CI 1.00–1.02); p = 0.009] and current or former smoking status [1.63 (95%CI 0.84–3.18) and 2.03 (95%CI 1.16–3.57); p = 0.031], adjusted by underlying disease.

Conclusion

Adjusting by age, smoking status and underlying disease, a moderate association between the influenza vaccine and severe laboratory-confirmed influenza-related illness was found in an epidemic season in which there was matching between the vaccine and circulating strains. Protection against complications, especially in older subjects and in those with underlying disease is postulated as one of the strengths of annual influenza vaccination. However, influenza vaccination is a pending issue in these groups, especially in pregnant women and obese people. To avoid suboptimal vaccination coverages, health professionals should recommend the seasonal influenza vaccination according to the annual instructions of the health authorities.
Identifying agricultural disaster risk zones for future climate actions
Authors: Arreyndip Nkongho Ayuketang
Published: December 2021

Identifying agricultural disaster risk regions before the occurrence of climate-related disasters is critical for early mitigation planning. This paper aims to identify these regions based on data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the bilateral and multilateral trade network data of the World Integrated Trade Solution(WITS) and the agent-based economic model Acclimate. By applying a uniform forcing across agricultural sectors of some breadbasket regions (US, EU and China), when single and simultaneous extreme weather events occur, such as the 2018 European heatwave, production and consumption value losses and gains are calculated at regional and global levels. Comparing the FAO data sets, WITS, and Acclimate’s production value losses, the results show a strong dependence of agricultural production losses on a region’s output and connectivity level in the global supply and trade network. While India, Brazil, Russia, Canada, Australia, and Iran are highly vulnerable, the imposition of export restrictions to compensate for demand shortfalls makes Sub-Saharan Africa the most vulnerable region, as it is heavily dependent on agricultural imports. In addition, simultaneous extreme weather events can exacerbate the loss of value of agricultural production relative to single extreme weather events. Agricultural practices to increase production such as smart farming, increased investment in plantation agriculture, and diversification of trading partners can help mitigate future food security risks in Sub-Saharan Africa and other agricultural import-dependent regions.
Experiences of women with Zika virus (ZIKV) versus the provision of health services in two cities in Colombia: A qualitative study
Authors: Ocampo Cañas Jovana Alexandra , Pinilla Alfonso Maria Janeth , Navarro Plazas Clemencia del Pilar , Mejia Arbelaez Carlos Mauricio , Patiño Rueda Jhon Sebastián
Published: December 2021

Background

In February 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the epidemic of the ZIKA virus (ZIKV) in Latin America to be a public health emergency. In Colombia, 11,944 pregnant women registered a ZIKV infection during the epidemic. So far, little is known about the experiences of women infected with ZIKV during their pregnancy, especially those relating to the provision of health services during the period of the epidemic.

Objective

To explore the experiences of pregnant women diagnosed with ZIKV infection about the provision of health services in two Colombian cities, considering the perspective of sexual and reproductive rights.

Methods

Qualitative study under the grounded theory approach, which uses semi-structured interviews as tools to explore the biographical experience of mothers during their gestation process and ZIKV infection, dividing the interview into two broad categories: before and during pregnancy.

Results

Twenty-two women were interviewed, 10 in Cali and 12 in Villavicencio. The average age at the time of pregnancy was 27.6 years. Most women were not planning at the time of pregnancy and the pregnancy was unwanted. Most campaigns focused on mosquito eradication rather than on sexual and reproductive health campaigns. The quality of health care was not sufficient, adequate, or appropriate. Also, the breakdown of the health system to deal with the pandemic was also noted. Some women were treated with disrespect by health professionals. Voluntary termination of pregnancy was inadequately advised, and women lost autonomy regarding decisions about their health.

Conclusions

In the health care of ZIKV epidemics, it is necessary to include the gender perspective, more specifically, sexual and reproductive rights. In addition, these epidemics must be addressed through a comprehensive, appropriate, and not fragmented health system, in which sexual and reproductive rights must be mainstreamed in all health promotion and prevention programs.
Female mentors positively contribute to undergraduate STEM research experiences
Authors: Moghe Saili , Baumgart Katelyn , Shaffer Julie J. , Carlson Kimberly A.
Published: December 2021

The positive influence of undergraduate research and mentoring on student success in STEM fields has been well-established. However, the role that the gender of a research mentor may play in the undergraduate research experience warrants further investigation. This is an especially critical issue to address, since the lack of female role models in STEM fields is acknowledged as an impediment to the success and progress of women pursuing STEM-careers. To evaluate how the gender of undergraduate research mentors influences the research experience of students, we collected and analyzed surveys from undergraduates and alumni who had completed undergraduate research at the University of Nebraska at Kearney. We found that even though students did not select mentors based on gender, there were differences in how students perceived their mentors, depending on the gender of their mentors. Interestingly, students with female mentors were more likely than students with male mentors to report that their research experience had prepared them for a career in science. Further, our gender-pairing analyses revealed that students who expressed that the gender of their mentor had contributed to their relationship with their mentor were more likely to have a female mentor. Our data indicate that female mentors favorably influence the undergraduate research experience of both male and female students. Finally, our study reinforces the conclusions of previous studies demonstrating that undergraduate research and mentoring are beneficial for students. Overall, our findings support that, for students to fully benefit from their undergraduate research experience, undergraduate research opportunities for students should include an equitable representation of female mentors.
Platelet count/spleen volume ratio has a good predictive value for esophageal varices in patients with hepatitis B liver cirrhosis
Authors: Yu Sihao , Chen Wei , Jiang Zicheng
Published: December 2021

Background & aims

Platelet count/spleen longest diameter ratio (PSDR) is widely used in clinical practice due to its good performance in predicting esophageal varices (EV). We obtained spleen volume (SV) by magnetic resonance examination, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of platelet count/spleen volume ratio (PSVR) and spleen volume in predicting EV in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis. Methods: This study was a diagnostic accuracy experiment and retrospective, 199 patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis who met the criteria were selected as the research subjects. All patients were collected blood samples in the morning on an empty stomach within 2 days, and related indicators were tested. Within 10 days, they received electronic gastroscopy and abdominal magnetic resonance examination. According to the Child-Pugh score, the patients were divided into groups with or without EV and with or without high-risk esophageal varices (HRV), then statistical analysis of the two groups was performed.

Results

The area under the curve (AUC) of PSVR in predicting EV or HRV in each group (85.5%-92.6%) was higher than PSDR, SV, spleen diameter, and platelet count. The AUC of PSDR in diagnosing HRV was higher than SV, and the AUC of SV in diagnosing EV was higher than PSDR, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). In Child-Pugh A patients, Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed PSVR could be a predictor of HRV (P<0.05), SV was a reliable predictor of EV (P<0.05).

Conclusion

PSVR is better than PSDR, spleen diameter, platelet count in predicting EV; in the absence of serological results, SV could be used instead of PSDR. Both can predict EV or HRV of patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis.
Three weeks of a home-based “sleep low-train low” intervention improves functional threshold power in trained cyclists: A feasibility study
Authors: Bennett Samuel , Tiollier Eve , Brocherie Franck , Owens Daniel J. , Morton James P. , Louis Julien
Published: December 2021

Background

“Sleep Low-Train Low” is a training-nutrition strategy intended to purposefully reduce muscle glycogen availability around specific exercise sessions, potentially amplifying the training stimulus via augmented cell signalling. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of a 3-week home-based “sleep low-train low” programme and its effects on cycling performance in trained athletes.

Methods

Fifty-five trained athletes (Functional Threshold Power [FTP]: 258 ± 52W) completed a home-based cycling training program consisting of evening high-intensity training (6 × 5 min at 105% FTP), followed by low-intensity training (1 hr at 75% FTP) the next morning, three times weekly for three consecutive weeks. Participant’s daily carbohydrate (CHO) intake (6 g·kg-1·d-1) was matched but timed differently to manipulate CHO availability around exercise: no CHO consumption post- HIT until post-LIT sessions [Sleep Low (SL), n = 28] or CHO consumption evenly distributed throughout the day [Control (CON), n = 27]. Sessions were monitored remotely via power data uploaded to an online training platform, with performance tests conducted pre-, post-intervention.

Results

LIT exercise intensity reduced by 3% across week 1, 3 and 2% in week 2 (P < 0.01) with elevated RPE in SL vs. CON (P < 0.01). SL enhanced FTP by +5.5% vs. +1.2% in CON (P < 0.01). Comparable increases in 5-min peak power output (PPO) were observed between groups (P < 0.01) with +2.3% and +2.7% in SL and CON, respectively (P = 0.77). SL 1-min PPO was unchanged (+0.8%) whilst CON improved by +3.9% (P = 0.0144).

Conclusion

Despite reduced relative training intensity, our data demonstrate short-term “sleep low-train low” intervention improves FTP compared with typically “normal” CHO availability during exercise. Importantly, training was completed unsupervised at home (during the COVID-19 pandemic), thus demonstrating the feasibility of completing a “sleep low-train low” protocol under non-laboratory conditions.
Diversity and heterogeneity of immune states in non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer
Authors: Rice Shawn J. , Belani Chandra P.
Published: December 2021

Blood-based biomarkers including systemic inflammation (SI) indicators or circulating factors (cytokines, chemokines, or growth factors) are associated with a poor prognosis for lung cancer patients. Collectively these biomarkers can predict the immune state of a patient. We wanted to define and compare the immune states of small cell and non-small cell lung cancer patients, in the hopes that the information gained could lead to overall improvements in patient care and outcomes. Specimens and data from 235 patients was utilized, 49 surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with no evidence of disease (DF), 135 advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 51 small cell lung cancer (SCLC). SI markers neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR), systemic inflammation index (SII), and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) were determined from blood counts. Forty-seven plasma cytokines were measured using a multiplex bead-based assay. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox Proportional Hazards models. NSCLC patients had significantly high levels of SI markers than SCLC and DF patients, while NLR, PLR and SII were also higher in SCLC than DF patients. SI optimized marker values to differentiate SI value were; 6.04 (NLR), 320 (PLR), 1615 (SII), and 7.3 (SIRI). Elevated levels NLR (p<0.001), PLR (p<0.001), and SII (p = 0.018) were associated with a worse PFS and OS in NSCLC, while none of the markers were associated with PFS in SCLC patients. NSCLC patients with a poor outcome displayed heterogeneous immune states relative to systemic inflammation and circulating IL-6 markers. These groups could be distinguished based on the cytokines IL-8, TNFα, and IL-27. We identified heterogeneity of immune states in SCLC and NSCLC patients and in NSCLC patients with the poorest prognosis. This heterogeneity could be exploited to improve outcomes for these patients.
Co-fermentation experiments with agricultural main products and liquid pig manure
Authors: Sallai László
Published: December 2021

My research work proposes the study of the impact of the biogas production by the co-fermentation of agricultural products. The basic substance is the dangerous liquid pig manure of the concentrated stock of big pig farms. The energetic utilization of these materials means bigger income for the agricultural enterprises, savings in the replacement of the plant nutrition with the utilization of the bio-manure, increase in the performance of the plant production, making the dung harmless which means a big environmental load. Because of the profitability of bioenergy utilization depends on the local conditions, it is necessary to do experiments to try the available composition of organic wastes in the ratio of the production in advance. I measured the quantity of the methane and CO2 content of the biogas released from the substrate. The experiment simulated real biogas plant conditions, in mesophilic temperature, continuous biodegradation process. It can be considered, as a semi-industrial size.
Characterization of Romanian agricultural holdings
Authors: Adamov Tabita , Brad Loan , Fehér Andrea , Iancu Tiberiu
Published: December 2021

Agricultural holding constitute it self as a form of organization, existent and in operation of the production process from agriculture. Organization and operation of agricultural holdings can be realized under various forms, from the easiest way - family farms, to private companies, family businesses and even private agricultural societies in case of companies with state capital (public etc.). The changes that occurred in Romania postdecembrieste agriculture are based on Law 18/1991, law which determined mainly changes regarding the land ownership, meaning its transfer into private ownership and acquisition by the former owners of property rights on earth. Application of land reform from 1991 and re allotment of Romanian peasants has as effect the increased fragmentation of agricultural land. So, the existence and functioning of a land market involves, primarily, the establishment of some farms profitable, of larger size, with a high degree of profitability and witch to allow all at once obtaining some competitive agricultural products with those of European countries.
Population structure and genetic association studies in wheat
Authors: György Andrea , Tóth Beáta , Óvári Judit , Cseuz László
Published: December 2021

To define genetic diversity and population structure among a collection of wheat cultivars and lines of mainly European origin, Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) technology was used to characterize a population of 95 bread wheat genotypes. In total, 860 of 960 tested markers were polymorphic and could be used for further analysis. Four subgroups of wheat genotypes were identified using Neighbor Joining (NJ) cluster analysis. Two of this subgroups comprised mainly varieties from Hungarian breeding programs (GrI, GrII); one subgroup contained varieties from Western Europe (Grill) and one contained varieties with various origin (GrIV). GrI mainly contained genotypes originated from crosses including GK Kincső (Arthur 71/Sava) as one of the parents, or derivatives of this genotype. The results of this study should provide valuable information for future association mapping studies using this wheat collection. Furthermore, the genetic diversity and distance data combined with specific genotype data can be used by breeders to guide selection of crossing parents.
Comparative analysis of the strategic objectives of European Union for the past programming period 2007-2013 and for the current programming period 2014-2020
Authors: Raicov Miroslav , Fehér Andrea , Adamov Tabita , Stanciu Sorin
Published: December 2021

The growing competition between different regions, thus their activities performed under both within and outside the European Union represents a fact of the "globalized" world in which we are living. For many years, the regional disparities in terms of development level and life quality were subject to national policies of the Member States. Many improvements have been observed since the European Union initiated the policy of reducing them. The Cohesion Policy of the European Union has an unique irreplaceable role in the coagulation of integrated development strategies, comprising interventions in different areas, such as infrastructure, research and innovation, employment, education, business, environment protection, climate changes and energy efficiency within a package of coherent policies addressing to regional or even local context, being one of the most visible policies, especially in what regards the relationship with citizens. Thus, the Cohesion Policy target is represented by supporting the process of reducing the disparities between the regions and Member States more developed of the European Union and the ones that are less developed.
Implementation of Common Agricultural Policy provisions on direct payments
Authors: Fehér Andrea , Raicov Miroslav
Published: December 2021

The concept of "common policy" faithfully reflects one of the defining features of the Common Agricultural Policy. Currently, CAP is built around two pillars: Pillar I- Agriculture and Pillar II- Rural Development. The main way to support agriculture is represented by direct payments. The Regulation (EU) 1307/2013 establishing rules for direct payments to farmers during the programming period 2014-2020 provides uniform payment schemes applicable in all Member States. Some of these schemes are compulsory (such as basic payment scheme or single payment area; payment scheme for farmers using agricultural practices beneficial for the climate and environment), others are optional, leaving it to countries if they want to apply these schemes or not. The proposals for payment schemes applicable in Romania during the period 2015-2020 are: Single Area Payment Scheme (SAPS); Payments for Agricultural Practices Beneficial for the Climate and the Environment; Redistributive Payment; Payments for Young Farmers; Transitional National Aids and Simplified Scheme for Small Farmers.
Avaliação de parâmetros FAD-CI e seus impactos na vida de fadiga de misturas asfálticas
Authors: De Oliveira Jardel Andrade , Soares Jorge Barbosa , Do Nascimento Luis Alberto Herrmann
Published: December 2021

Entre as patologias mais comuns em pavimentos estão a deformação permanente e o trincamento por fadiga de misturas asfálticas a quente usadas no revestimento. Os defeitos destacados ainda carecem de metodologias laboratoriais simples e consistentes capazes de apontar misturas com maior potencial de resistência. Há teorias que contribuem, ainda na fase de projeto, para a seleção de granulometrias e de outros parâmetros, com vistas a produzir misturas com maior capacidade de resistir a defeitos em campo. A FAD-CI (Faixa de Agregados Dominantes, considerando os Componentes Intersticiais) é uma promissora metodologia de seleção granulométrica. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a capacidade de 6 misturas, observando se aquelas que atendem os critérios da metodologia investigada apresentam comportamento superior quanto à fadiga. Para isso, selecionaram-se misturas de um banco de dados composto por 54 misturas, de forma que a primeira mistura não atendesse qualquer dos parâmetros e, paulatinamente, os parâmetros fossem sendo atendidos. Após os ensaios laboratoriais e a avaliação das simulações das vidas de fadiga, concluiu-se que as misturas que atendiam a mais parâmetros da metodologia FAD-CI apresentaram maior resistência à fadiga.
EVALUACIÓN DE LA CAPACIDAD ADYUVANTE DEL GINSENÓSIDO RG1 EN RATONES BALB/C INMUNIZADOS CON UN LISADO DE Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Silvestrini P
Published: December 2021

Rg1 ginsenoside, the main active compound of Panax ginseng extract, could be a promising vaccine adjuvant against Staphylococcus aureusbovine mastitis. The aim was to evaluate the adjuvant effects of Rg1 combined with liposomes or alone against S. aureus lysate from bovine mastitis in mice. Female Balb/c mice were divided into 4 groups: S. aureus Lysate + IFA (Group I), S. aureus lysate + liposomes (Group II), S. aureus lysate + Rg1 (Group III) and S. aureus lysate + liposomes + Rg1 (Group IV). All mice were subcutaneously immunized with all formulations 3 times at 2-weeks intervals. Humoral response was evaluated by indirect IgG ELISA assay in plasma collected at the end of the assay. Cellular response was evaluated by MTT kit assay in spleen cells from immunized mice. Groups I and IV showed higher IgG values than groups II and III (p < 0.05). Groups I and II showed higher proliferation values than groups III and IV (p < 0.05). The Rg1-liposome combination increased S. aureus-specific IgG production. However, Rg1 was not able to stimulate lymphocyte proliferation from immunized mice, possibly due to the short S. aureus-specific stimulation time. New assays with different experimental conditions are needed to elucidate adjuvant effects of Rg1 in a murine model.
ANÁLISIS DE MINERALES SÉRICOS DE CERDAS EN LACTACIÓN EN DOS GRANJAS COMERCIALES
Authors: Bellezze J
Published: December 2021

Mineral nutrition is essential for profitable production. Health affected is not provided proper levels minerals. Objective of the present work was to analyze mineral profile in serum of sows in lactation, province Santa Fe (A), Entre Rios (B) and fed with diets minerals of inorganic origin. Blood serum samples 68 sows, Farm A (in field) and Farm B (in stabled form) were analyzed. Mineral concentrations were determined by means of atomic absorption spectrophotometry; ANOVA was applied to these data. Mean values and their standard deviations obtained are: Calcium (Ca) (mg/dL): 8,61±3,44/ 8,11± 1,73; Phosphorus (P) (mg/dL): 2,66a±0,90/ 3,53b± 1,16; Magnesium (Mg) (mg/dL): 2,25a±0,30/ 1,89b±0,35; Sodium (Na) (mEq/L): 160,98a±15,47/ 138,53b±9,48; Potassium (K) (mEq/L): 3,42±0,24/ 3,58±0,33; Iron (Fe) (µg/dL): 62,74a±6,07/ 94,82b±19,19; Copper (Cu) (ppm): 1,63a±0,35/ 1,01b±0,32; Zinc (Zn) (ppm): 1,82a±0,5/ 1,50b±0,42, for farms A and B respectively. Na and Zn averages were observed slightly above upper limit of normal range. Copper in farm B was observed below normal range. Significant difference (“a” and “b” P <0.05) in P, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu and Zn was observed between two farms, this is due to difference in gestation system. Cu concentration tended to be less. Is that subject should continue to be studied.
Case Report: Pregnancy with Fetal Hydrathorax
Authors: Putra Aditya Arya , Wicaksono Rahmad Rizal Budi , Pramono M. Besari Adi , Rini Arsita Eka
Published: December 2021

Background: Cases of fetal hydrothorax (FHT) are rare, with an occurrence probability of 1 in every 10,000-15,000 pregnancies. The condition may remain undiagnosed, and the fetus may be aborted, or death may occur soon after birth in outlying hospitals before transfer to a tertiary care center. The incidence rate of FHT is higher in males than females (2:1). One of the most effective methods of diagnosing fetal hydrothorax is sonography. Three forms of currently available treatments are: thoracentesis, thoracoamniotic shunting (TAS), and thoracomaternal cutaneous drainage. Fetal outcomes could be improved by performing the Extrauterine Intrapartum Treatment (EXIT) procedure.Case Presentation: We present two cases of first pregnancy primary FHT. In the first case, a 24-year-old woman was diagnosed with asymptomatic FHT in the 28th week of gestation without any prior history. In the second case, a 22-year-old woman with poor medical history was diagnosed in the 35th week of pregnancy and was experienced difficulty of breathing. Both pregnancies were delivered by cesarean section based on obstetric indications. Thoracentesis was performed on both neonates, and pathological examination of the pleural fluid was conducted. However, they died shortly after birth.Conclusion: The EXIT procedure is still a challenging method. A fetus with FHT is at significant risk of pulmonary hypoplasia and respiratory distress following delivery. Early diagnosis and intervention of FHT are vital to ensure a good prognosis. Approaching multidisciplinary groups, providing supportive diagnostic facilities and financial support is essential in improving fetal outcomes and preventing FHT in subsequent pregnancies.
[RETRACTED] Blok Serratus Anterior Plane pada Operasi Modified Radical Mastectomy
Authors: Datu Madonna Damayanthie , Prasetyadhi Jokevin
Published: December 2021

Latar belakang:Nyeri pascaoperasi payudara dapat memperburuk keluaran klinis jika tidak ditangani dengan optimal. Modalitas analgesia yang biasa digunakan untuk nyeri pascaoperasi payudara meliputi pemberian opioid dan anestesi regional. Namun, kedua modalitas ini dapat menimbulkan efek samping atau komplikasi yang signifikan. Blok serratus anterior plane (SAP) merupakan prosedur baru yang relatif lebih mudah dilakukan dan aman bila dibandingkan dengan modalitas lainnya.Kasus: Kami melaporkan 2 pasien yang menjalani prosedur blok SAP pada operasi modified radical mastectomy (MRM). Pasien 2 diberikan rescue analgesia selama masa intraoperatif. Pemberian opioid pascaoperasi tidak melebihi 24 jam pada kedua pasien. Penilaian nyeri menggunakan Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) menunjukkan nyeri pascaoperatif yang minimal. Tidak ada efek samping yang ditemukan selama masa pemantauan 24 jam.Pembahasan: Blok SAP relatif mudah dilakukan, memiliki tingkat keberhasilan yang tinggi, dan komplikasi minimal jika dibandingkan dengan prosedur lain. Blok SAP memberikan efek analgesia pada thoraks bagian lateral yang dapat bertahan hingga 12 jam pascaoperasi. Studi-studi terdahulu telah melaporkan kegunaannya dalam mengurangi kebutuhan opioid intraoperatif dan pascaoperatif, yang sesuai dengan hasil yang ditemukan pada laporan kasus ini.Kesimpulan: Blok SAP dapat menjadi salah satu modalitas yang efektif dan aman dalam mengelola nyeri pasien yang menjalani operasi MRM.
Chile, Colombia y Ecuador: Educación sexual en convenciones internacionales e iniciativas estatales
Authors: Cavazotti Aires Diogo
Published: December 2021

A partir de la Declaración universal de derechos humanos hasta documentos más recientes del mismosegmento, la educación ha sido tratada como una prioridad en la infancia y la adolescencia, con elobjetivo de promover el desarrollo de la personalidad. Esto incluye —a veces, directamente; a veces,indirectamente— la atención a la enseñanza de la sexualidad para mejorar las condiciones y el accesoa la salud pública y al crecimiento personal, profesional y económico del individuo y del país. Conbase en las leyes nacionales vigentes, esta investigación explica cómo Chile, Colombia y Ecuadorhan abordado la educación sexual. El propósito es examinar si estos países siguen los parámetrosdefinidos en convenciones internacionales. La investigación se sustenta en un proceso de revisión yanálisis documental que, fundamentado en las recomendaciones de tratados de derechos humanos,indaga sobre la realidad de los países mencionados en materia de educación sexual. En este estudiose logra determinar que los enfoques de educación sexual en Chile, Colombia y Ecuador, que ocupanposiciones distintas en la lista de embarazo adolescente en América Latina, explican los resultadosdesiguales que presentan dichos países.
The Level of Having Supra-Cognitive Thinking for Law Students at Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University Based on Some Variables from Their Own Perspective
Authors: Hassan Samia Awad Mohamed , Kherallah Mona Abdullatif Alawed , Fakhrou Abbulnaser A.
Published: December 2021

The objective of this study is to know the level of possessing supra-cognitive thinking skills for the students of the Faculty of Law at Prince Mohammed Bin Fahd University from their own point of view according to some demographic variables. The study followed the descriptive approach, and applied the study tool to a randomly selected sample of (500) students (102) male students, and (398) female students. The results of the study showed that: the study sample members sometimes agree that the law students possess three of the supra-cognitive thinking skills. The study also revealed that there are no statistically significant differences at the level of statistical index of (0.05) or less in the study sample selections about (supra-cognitive thinking skills) based on gender variable. While there are statistically significant differences at the level of statistical index of (0.05) or less, in the replies of the study sample about (supra -cognitive thinking skills) based on the difference of the variable of the study level.
The Impact of the Covid 19 Pandemic on Consumer Behaviour in the Vietnam Market
Authors: Thy Nguyen Thi Anh
Published: December 2021

This study was conducted to identify new trends in the consumer behaviour in Vietnam under the impact of the Covid 19 epidemic. The pandemic has impacted many aspects of working, communication, and contacting. This has also changed purchasing habits such as product preferences and the way of buying things. The changes in consumer behaviour in the Vietnam market have similar characteristics to the world market but still have their own characteristics. Therefore, the aim of this study is to find out these changes and suggest implications for businesses to better meet consumer demands as well as contribute to building positive experiences in shopping during the pandemic. In addition, the study also impresses the significance of having more studies about the impact of Covid 19 on consumers to have more thoughtful understand about the market in Vietnam
Sociolinguistic determinants of heritage language maintenance and second language acquisition in bilingual immigrant speakers
Authors: Banasiak Ilona , Olpińska-Szkiełko Magdalena
Published: December 2021

The objective of the study was to scrutinise the determinants of heritage language maintenance and second language acquisition in immigrant speakers and assess their significance and weight. Over one hundred cases of bilingual speakers with Polish as L1 (heritage language; Polish speakers abroad) and as L2 (national language; immigrant learners of Polish in Poland) were investigated in order to better understand the linguistic changes and multilingual practices involved in the process of relocating to another country. The cases underwent quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results revealed that in most cases bilinguals are at a high risk of losing their L1, and L2 becomes their dominant language. With the dominance of L2, identification with the culture of the country of residence also increases in bilinguals. Formal instruction in L1 proves to be the most important factor in heritage language maintenance, and the preservation of a sense of identification with the heritage culture. An important role in L1 and also L2 development is played by parental support and their actions.
Translanguaging: Implications for the language classroom derived from the revised version of the CEFR
Authors: Lankiewicz Hadrian Aleksander
Published: December 2021

One of the basic documents defining, among others, language learning, teaching, and assessment within the EU is the CEFR (2001). Since the moment of its first publication, many political and social changes have occurred which necessitated the reshaping of general language teaching policy to meet the new conditions. There also appeared new theoretical reflections on the process of language learning and language use. Through enhanced mobility a remarkable number of European citizens have become plurilingual, living in multilingual environments. On the other hand, new insights into the process of language learning and teaching accentuated the need for the departure from monolingual approaches in favour of translingual practices (Canagarajah 2013; García & Li 2014). The objective of this article is to present the implications derived from a translingual instinct (Li 2011) for teaching an additional foreign language to plurilingual students. The author of the article derives his reflections from the theoretical underpinnings of multilingualism, his own research on translanguaging and the revised version of the CEFR (2018).
Małgorzata Płomińska. Juristische Fachphraseologie – zwischen Konvention und Routine. Warschauer Studien zur Germanistik und zur angewandten Linguistik. Warszawa: Peter Lang. 2019. S. 422
Authors: Woźniak Joanna
Published: December 2021

Rezension. Małgorzata Płomińska. Juristische Fachphraseologie – zwischen Konvention und Routine. Warschauer Studien zur Germanistik und zur angewandten Linguistik. Warszawa: Peter Lang. 2019. S. 422.