bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"English Fever" in China Has Reached a Watershed
Authors: Xiaoyang Wang , Yangyang Li
Published: February 2017

The recent Gaokao language subject reform in China-lowering the score of English, raising the score of Chinese-has aroused extensive debate in public. The time consuming, low efficiency, and test-oriented English learning and the overlooking of Chinese learning, the increasing importance of Chinese language are the main reasons to start the reform. The reform to some extent implies that "English fever" has reached a watershed in China.
Will China Excel in the Global Brain Race?
Authors: Zha Qiang
Published: February 2017

Will China Excel in the Global Brain Race?
Canada’s Immigration Policies to Attract International Students
Authors: Gopal Anita
Published: February 2017

This article highlights Canada’s flexible immigration and visa policies designed to increase international student enrollment. Such policies are a priority for all levels of the Canadian government and educational institutions since international students significantly bolster Canada’s economy with their skills and talent and serve as a remedy to current labor shortages. Flexible immigration policies provide Canada with a competitive edge over other major countries receiving international students, such as the U.S. and the U.K., where border controls are more restrictive.
Trends in Higher Education Regulation in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Kasozi A. B.K.
Published: February 2017

Trends in Higher Education Regulation in sub-Saharan Africa
Policies and Patterns in US For-Profit Higher Education
Authors: Meza Elizabeth , Zumeta William
Published: February 2017

For-profit higher education in the USA grew to 10% market share of all higher education enrollments as of 2010 before falling back a bit under federal regulatory pressure. State policies toward the sector have remained largely unexamined, however. We take a first cut at documenting the policy postures individual states take toward for-profit institutions - on such dimensions as financial aid, information disclosure, program review requirements, etc. - and determine that states with more active policy saw larger FP enrollment growth from 2000-2010. The direction of causation is unclear, though.
Inside African Private Higher Education: Contradictions and Challenges
Authors: Morley Louise
Published: February 2017

This article discusses the findings that relate to quality and standards in two private universities from a recent research study on widening participation in higher education in Ghana and Tanzania. It interrogates how students experience assessment, facilities, pedagogy and resources and whether the private universities attach value to the quality of student experiences.
China: Reforming the Gaokao
Authors: Postiglione Gerard A
Published: February 2017

China’s newest reform of the gaokao will split the exam into two modes, one aiming at technically inclined students and the other at the traditionally academically oriented students. Six hundred local level colleges are asked to restructure their teaching programs from academic education to applied technology and professional education. Success of the reform will hinge on the quality of the education provided by the colleges, reducing the current level of graduate unemployment, up scaling the nation’s industrial production, and raising the social status of a technical-professional education.
Systematic Changes in China
Authors: Zha Qiang , Wang Chuanyi
Published: February 2017

Two parallel and discrete sectors seem to be emerging in Chinese higher education, both extending to university level. One is academic and “cosmopolitan” in outlook, and supports intensive research. The other is local, and teaching and service oriented. While such a binary approach helps diversify the interpretation of higher education quality and contributes to its relevance, it remains to be tested if China’s tradition of meritocracy and elitism could ultimately drive changes back in the academic direction.
The Economic and Noneconomic Benefits of Tertiary Education in Low-income Contexts
Authors: Schendel Rebecca , McCowan Tristan , Oketch Moses
Published: February 2017

After many years of relative neglect, development agencies and national governments across the developing world are now considering renewing their financial commitment to tertiary education. As a result, questions about the ways that tertiary education can impact society have returned to the discourse. This article summarizes the findings of a recent rigorous review on the topic commissioned by the UK Department for International Development (DFID).  The review highlights a number of important social functions of the university, many of which have not been sufficiently emphasized in debates around public funding for tertiary education.
International Visiting Scholars: Brain-Circulation and Internationalization
Authors: Shimmi Yukiko
Published: February 2017

International visiting scholars who temporarily visit universities in different countries for academic purposes are an important group of people in the era of globalization.  However, they have not received much attention in studies or practices. In this article, the definitions and trends of international visiting scholars, their flexible status, and the importance of this population from the perspectives of brain-circulation and internationalization of higher education are discussed.
Long Road Ahead: Modernizing Chinese Universities
Authors: Rui Yang
Published: February 2017

Modern universities are a Western concept. For non-Western societies, indigenizing the Western university model has been an arduous task. This article first analyses China’s long traditions of higher learning. It then illustrates how such markedly different cultural roots have led to continuous conflicts between traditional Chinese and new Western ideas of the university - and of “modernity” itself. It argues that contemporary Chinese universities need to find their Chinese way to balance indigenous and Western ideas of the university.
The Problem with Public University Salaries in Kenya
Authors: Munene Ishmael I
Published: February 2017

Faculty strikes over salaries have become a regular feature in Kenya’s public universities. The article identifies the preponderance of union-negotiated pay increase, absence of a merit pay system and the lack of differentiated pay tied to institutional context as key contributing factors. It recommends a more robust compensation scheme that includes pay-for-performance system, context-based differentiated pay for university executives and the democratization of the university budget processes.
Foreign Influence, Nationalism, and the Founding of Modern Chinese Universities
Authors: Wenqin Shen
Published: February 2017

This article intends to analyze how different foreign models influenced the development of China's higher education system during 1917-1927, and how nationalism became a driving force of this reform. Nowadays, China has to establish a Chinese model of higher education while paying attention to best practices in other countries.
Chile’s Universities: Reasons for Success
Authors: Ugarte Juan José
Published: February 2017

Description of factors that explain the prominent performance of Chile´s universities in Latin America, including its alliances with US universities like Chicago, California, MIT and Harvard.
A Quiet Revolution in Chinese Universities: Experimental Colleges
Authors: Zha Qiang , Yang Qiubo
Published: February 2017

A quiet revolution might now be observed internally in Chinese universities, along with emergence of a group of experimental colleges/schools. These experimental units showcase a bottom-up approach to exercising democratic governance, whereby many grassroots initiatives could be identified and brought into the practices, and they are more likely to tap autonomous practices into existing operations, often in a genuine and innovative way.
International(ization of) Higher Education at the Crossroads
Authors: De Wit Hans , Hunter Fiona
Published: February 2017

Where international higher education broadly analyses international developments in higher education at the system level, internationalization can be seen as a subcategory of this work, focusing more specifically on the international rationales, approaches, strategies, activities and outcomes of higher education at the regional, national and institutional level, and (where possible) in a comparative perspective. This special issue of International Higher Education seeks to highlight new and innovative dimensions in internationalization. It also gives space to examine developments in internationalization of higher education in regions and countries that are less known than English speaking countries and Western Europe. And it illustrates the increasing importance and diversity of internationalization’s conceptual understandings and lived experiences in modern international higher education. This annual special issue is a collaboration between the Center for International Higher Education at Boston College and the Centre for Higher Education Internationalisation at the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Milan.
Internationalizing the Curriculum and all Students’ Learning
Authors: Leask Betty
Published: February 2017

Internationalization of the curriculum has the potential to connect broader institutional agendas focused on internationalization with student learning. However, the focus of internationalization of the curriculum in policy and practice is more on what some students will experience than on what all students will learn. An internationalized curriculum focused on student learning is defined by two main characteristics.  First, it will be connected to the different cultures and practices of knowing, doing and being in the disciplines through the active engagement of faculty in the process of internationalizing the curriculum. Second, faculty who do not have the experience, skills or knowledge required to internationalize the curriculum will be supported by expert facilitators in the process of defining intended internationalized learning outcomes and assisting all students to achieve them.
New directions for Internationalization of Tertiary Education in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Gacel-Ávila Jocelyne
Published: February 2017

Based on the 2014 International Association of Universities (IAU) Internationalization Survey, this articles intends to spot new trends in the internationalization processes of Latin America and Caribbean higher education.
The Worldwide Emergence of Liberal Education
Authors: Godwin Kara A.
Published: February 2017

During the last two decades, liberal education (often called liberal arts or general education) has emerged with surprising prevalence in places where it has rarely existed before.  A new study provides an inaugural profile about where, when, and in what format liberal education is emerging worldwide, identifies regional trends, and raises critical questions.
Financing Education Hubs: Who Invests?
Authors: Knight Jane
Published: February 2017

International Education Hubs require major investments to attract and retain local and international higher education institutions, training organizations, students, research and development centres, and knowledge industries. This article examines the role of public and private financing from local and foreign investors in establishing countries such as Qatar, United Arab Emirates and Malaysia as education hubs.
The Skewed Global Landscape of Higher Education Training and Research
Authors: Rumbley Laura E.
Published: February 2017

Around the world, the number of both research centers/institutes focused on matters of higher education and degree-granting programs in the field of higher education, is growing. However, the expanding quantitative picture masks many unanswered questions about the content and quality of these activities. Furthermore, the concentration of centers and programs in a small number of wealthy countries presents a stark geographic divide between those with access to research and training relevant to the increasingly important field of higher education, and those without.
Communicating Higher Education: An Analysis of Journals in the Field of Higher Education
Authors: De Gayardon de Fenoyl Ariane
Published: February 2017

This article describes the publication landscapes in the field of higher education. Based on a global inventory of journals and publications focused on higher education research, it analyses trends in and draws conclusions on the languages, countries of publication, audience and focus.
International Higher Education Research and Comparative Analysis
Authors: Kosmützky Anna , Krücken Georg
Published: February 2017

The article investigates whether international comparative higher education research has grown considerably during the past two decades. It reports the outcomes of a recent bibliometric study which found three key characteristics of international comparative higher education research: a relatively steady state, a larger share of international collaborative articles in international comparative research compared to non-comparative research, and a preference for small-scale country clusters for comparison.
Academic Ranking of World Universities: Changes in World Higher Education?
Authors: Cheng Ying
Published: February 2017

Academic Ranking of World Universities has been published consecutively for more than a decade so that it provides an opportunity to observe the changes of universities and countries during this period. More and more countries began to have Top 500 universities and those emerging countries are mainly from Middle East and Eastern Europe; the number of Chinese universities among Top 500 significantly increased while the number of Top 500 universities from US and Japan decreased.
International Student Enrollment: Evidence-Driven Strategies
Authors: Choudaha Rahul
Published: February 2017

Higher education institutions often underestimate the importance of research in deepening the understanding of international student decision-making processes and developing enrollment strategies. Institutions must recognize the complexity, criticality and volatility of international student decision-making processes, and should invest in developing data-driven international enrollment strategies by proactively assessing needs, behaviors, and profiles of international students during difference stages of application process.
International Students in Indian UniversitiesVeena
Authors: Bhalla Veena , Powar Krishnapratap B.
Published: February 2017

In the new millennium the Indian higher education system has grown two and half times in terms of both the number of universities and the number of students. In comparison the growth in international students has been anaemic. The international students are largely from Asia and Africa. In 2012-13 40% of the students were female; 80% were studying at the under-graduate level, 18% at post-graduate level and 2% were in research. The liberal arts accounted for 30% and 70% were in professional streams, the maximum number being in medicine & health care (35%) followed by engineering & technology (23%) and management (9%).
Governance and Regulation: Do UK Messages Have International Relevance?
Authors: Middlehurst Robin
Published: February 2017

Reviews of governance and regulation have occupied three of the four countries of the UK in 2011-2014.  The debates, arguments and negotiations that underpin these reviews reveal different ideological positions about the role of the state, balances between accountability and autonomy and democratic participation in the governance of institutions by staff and students.  External drivers are also part of the picture as governments and institutions alike seek to position themselves in a changing international context. It is hoped that both the ideological debates and the operational solutions developed in the UK will have wider resonance for other countries and regions engaged in the modernisation, expansion, development or re-construction of their higher education systems.
Croatia’s New Linear Tuition System: Students’ Friend or Foe?
Authors: Brajkovic Lucia
Published: February 2017

A unique political situation predating Croatia’s ascension to the European Union, along with countrywide student protests, led to the adoption of a linear tuition model in which students are exempt from any tuition payment during their first year of college. After the first year, they are charged tuition according to merit-based criteria. This article discusses the benefits and potential unintended consequences of this policy, as well as the possible adoption of this model by other countries.
Perspectives on Global University Networks
Authors: Middlehurst Robin
Published: February 2017

Global networks are proliferating and diversifying between higher education providers and other sectors and groups.  Some authors suggest this represents a process of de-nationalization, others that approaches to internationalization that de-nationalize the university will fail.  Looking to the past, establishing international consortia and networks appears to have been a response to a range of major structural challenges affecting higher education.  Some of these resonate today, but there are also new competitive challenges that encourage institutions to join networks or align themselves with partners for competitive advantage, for substantive and reputational gains.  The consortia and networks that exist today illustrate both diversity and coalescence around multiple themes.  These include functional and activity-based themes as well as shared interests and values.  The question of sustainability over time remains as some networks have survived decades while others have disappeared.  Those that recognise cultural, political and intellectual differences and the need to achieve mutual benefits are more likely to be sustainable.
Private Higher Education’s Distinctive Niche in New Zealand
Authors: Abbot Malcolm
Published: February 2017

Private higher education plays a small but distinctive role in New Zealand higher education, providing, for example, educational opportunities for minority groups. Private provision of higher education has been controversial politically.
Transnational Pathways to English Higher Education
Authors: Ilieva Janet
Published: February 2017

This article studies international students who transfer from transnational education (TNE) courses delivered overseas by UK higher education providers to first degree programmes in England. Transnational students accounted for an estimated 34 per cent of the total international first degree entrants in England in 2012-13. Our analysis shows that transnational students have mitigated declines in direct entry of international students to first degree programmes in 2012-13 and were found to be a major contributor to postgraduate enrolments.
The Challenges of Developing an Autonomous Higher Education System in Afghanistan
Authors: Berger Joseph B. , Thoma Hanni S.
Published: February 2017

Higher education has made tremendous strides in Afghanistan since the fall of the Taliban in 2001, credited largely to a highly centralized approach.  Yet as the country and its higher education system continue to develop, institutional autonomy is now a top priority.  This paper describes the current state of institutional autonomy in Afghanistan, as well as remaining challenges.
Institutionalization of Community Engagement at African Universities
Authors: Mugabi Henry
Published: February 2017

Since the establishment of the first university in Europe in the 11th century, the mission of the university has expanded from teaching to teaching, research, and service to, and engagement with, external communities. Although African universities are no exceptions to this mission, their community engagement function has not been fully developed and researched. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to analyze, and offer suggestions regarding, institutionalization of community engagement at African universities.
Joint-Venture Universities in China: Shanghai and Shenzhen Comparisons
Authors: Hayhoe Ruth , Pan Julia
Published: February 2017

This article illustrates two features of emerging joint venture universities in China, the requirement of formal partnership between a Chinese and a foreign university, and the substantial financial provision made for these new institutions by towns and cities in the Eastern Coastal region. Contrasts in curricular scope and the potential for attracting excellent faculty on a long-term basis are made between established British and American partnerships in the Shanghai area and emerging institutions in the southern city of Shenzhen.
Mobility Matters: the ERASMUS Impact Study
Authors: Brandenburg Uwe , Taboadela Obdulia , Vancea Mihaela
Published: February 2017

Mobility has impact on the career and the personal. Most importantly, personality traits such as confidence or tolerance are not only predictors for studying abroad but also relevant for employability. These are some results of one of the largest studies ever conducted on Erasmus: the Erasmus Impact study (EIS).
Countering Campus Extremism in Southeast Asia
Authors: Welch Anthony
Published: February 2017

While extremism has long been a problem in higher education, the rise of militant Islam is proving a challenge for many countries, including several Muslim nations. Campus radicalism in South East Asia, most notably Malaysia and Indonesia, has led to campaigns to counter campus extremism, although their effectiveness is not clear. Ongoing recruitment by Islamists on campus remains a problem.
Shifting Private-Public Patterns in Short-Cycle Higher Education Across Europe
Authors: Slantcheva-Durst Snejana
Published: February 2017

Short-cycle higher education is largely ignored by the literature, and yet it serves a growing number of students in Europe.  This article discusses the realities and challenges of this aspect of higher education, focusing particularly on the private sector.
Higher Education in Albania: The Never Ending Challenge
Authors: Kajsiu Blendi
Published: February 2017

During the last twenty-five years the growing demand for higher education in Albania has not been met by a proportional growth in funding for the sector. So far the challenge of accommodating a growing demand for higher education in the context of limited financial resources has produced three different reforms of the higher education sector. Their common denominator has been the unwillingness or the inability of different governments to provide funding that matches the growing demand. This is why the challenge of higher education in Albania still remains intact.
Institutional Corruption in Russian Universities
Authors: Rumyantseva Nataliya L. , Denisova-Schmidt Elena
Published: February 2017

Corruption as traditionally been a part of Russian higher education reality. This article focuses on the institutional aspects of corruption, arguing that the universities need student numbers, and thus permit a certain amount of corruption to enroll and retain them.
“Internationalists” and “Locals” in Research: Similar Productivity Patterns Across Europe
Authors: Kwiek Marek
Published: February 2017

The article shows a high correlation between international collaboration in research and research productivity across eleven European systems and major academic disciplines. The data come from global CAP (The Changing Academic Profession) and European EUROAC (“The Academic Profession in Europe: Responses to Societal Challenges”) projects, and include 17,211 usable cases. Cross-national and cross-disciplinary differences are studied and groups of “internationals” and “locals” in research are contrasted.
Internationalization, the Curriculum and the Disciplines
Authors: De Wit Hans , Leask Betty
Published: February 2017

Institutions of higher education, national governments and (inter)national organizations have become more proactive, comprehensive, diverse, and innovative in their approaches to internationalization. Critical reflection on their outcomes, and in particular their impact on student learning, has resulted in a search for approaches to internationalization that have deeper meaning and greater impact. However, it is only relatively recently that questions related to the relationship between the internationalization of higher education, the curriculum and the disciplines have been explored in depth. Some of these questions are discussed, such as the relationship between ‘at home’ and ‘abroad’, the role of mobility, the role of contexts and the definition of internationalization of the curriculum.
Faculty and International Engagement: Has Internationalization Changed Academic Work?
Authors: Proctor Douglas
Published: February 2017

Internationalization is increasingly seen as comprehensive, with international strategies now touching on all aspects of a higher education institution’s activity. In this light, it is assumed that faculty play a key role in the internationalization of their institution. Yet, little is known about the extent to which faculty consider international activities or international engagement an important aspect of their work, and whether internationalization has changed understandings of what it means to be an academic in higher education today.
Building an Inclusive Community for International Students
Authors: Wongtrirat Rachawan , Ammigan Ravi , Pérez-Encinas Adriana
Published: February 2017

Many institutions of higher education have worked toward increasing international student enrollment with an ultimate goal of enhancing global perspectives and enriching the collegiate environment for the entire campus community. However, these increasing numbers often come without adequate consideration for how to serve and provide services that support an inclusive community for students. This article emphasizes the importance of international student support services and a positive international student co-curricular experience as essential for the successful creation of an inclusive institutional community.
Outward Mobility of Saudi Students: An Overview
Authors: Ahmed Manail Anis
Published: February 2017

Since 1927, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has continuously committed substantial sums of money—and corresponding amounts of energy and effort—into educating its citizens abroad. From the first six students to be sent to Cairo to acquire higher education, to the currently almost 200,000 students studying a wide variety of disciplines across the world, this phenomenon has come a long way indeed. In addition, due to a booming economy and high per capita income, many Saudi families can privately afford to send their wards of university age to study abroad. This article provides a brief survey of the latest figures released by the Saudi Ministry of (formerly Higher) Education with regard to Saudi students’ outward mobility, reviewing trends for scholarship and privately-funded students by destination country, field of study, and academic level. It also briefly examines the inclusion of large numbers of Saudi female students in this cohort, and the accompanying social and cultural implications of this trend on the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Past, Present and Future of Higher Education Internationalization in Russia
Authors: Chamchiyan Anna
Published: February 2017

The article provides a historical view of the international dimension of Russian higher education, describing more than seventy years’ history of higher education internationalization in Russia and focusing on approaches, opportunities and initiatives. The aim of the study is to put forward an explanation for the visible imbalance which has arisen over the last fifteen years between the ambitions and facilities of the higher education system in Russia and actual levels of internationalization and competitiveness exhibited by the system.
Internationalization Trends in French Higher Education: An Historical Overview
Authors: Tronchet Guillaume
Published: February 2017

For many policy makers in France, internationalization of higher education is a new subject. But people have short memories. They have forgotten—or simply do not know—that French universities were pioneers and leaders in internationalization between the end of the 19th and the middle of the 20th century, before being outshone by the United States and some other countries in Europe. Faced with today’s challenges of globalization, it is time for French universities to reclaim their own history.
Toxic Academic Culture in East Asia
Authors: Yang Rui
Published: February 2017

East Asian societies’ recent progress in higher education has been severely tarnished by a toxic academic culture. With the exception of Japan where academic culture has been substantially better developed, an academic culture that is based on meritocratic values, free inquiry, and competition is largely absent in East Asian societies. The rotten academic culture has casted a blight over East Asia’s ambitious aspiration to world-class universities, despite the region’s recent strides on the research stage and huge investment in higher education.
The United Nations, International Higher Education, and Knowledge Diplomacy
Authors: Svenson Nanette
Published: February 2017

The United Nations is not known for international higher education involvement, yet this type of programming is increasingly prevalent within the organization. From actual universities and degree programs to higher education networks, internships and curricular development, the UN engages in a range of activities related to international higher education knowledge diplomacy. This article examines which of these initiatives may hold most potential for the UN and its member states.
UK Teaching Quality Under the Microscope: What are the Drivers?
Authors: Middlehurst Robin
Published: February 2017

Under the newly elected government in the UK (May 2015), sweeping changes to quality assurance and the regulatory system for higher education are proposed in England.  Proposals include a new emphasis on ‘teaching excellence’ to balance a long-term emphasis on measuring ‘research excellence’ and further marketization.  The UK higher education system has had a strong reputation for quality over decades, so international observers may speculate on the rationale for the government’s proposals.  This article explores some of the underlying political, economic and social drivers behind the government’s proposals.
The End of the Printed Scholarly Monograph: Collapsing Markets and New Models
Authors: Barclay Donald A
Published: February 2017

The printed scholarly monograph has been the bulwark of long-form scholarship for decades. Especially in the humanities and interpretive social sciences, the print-format scholarly monograph serves not only as the most highly regarded form of scholarly communication, but also as the ultimate measure of a scholar’s worth. However, the economic model supporting the publication of printed scholarly monographs is on the verge of collapse as financially hard-pressed academic libraries cannot afford to purchase printed volumes at anywhere near historical rates. While this could be seen as a disaster for long-form scholarship, a transition to open-access publication models will not only create larger audiences for book-length scholarly publications, it will also enhance long-form scholarship by accommodating the use of digital technologies that cannot be accommodated by the printed page.
Higher Education Research Goes Global
Authors: De Wit Hans
Published: February 2017

Two recent developments show that higher education research is acquiring a strong global focus: In the first place the creation of the ESRC/HEFCE Centre for Global Higher Education, or CGHE, at the Institute of Education in the United Kingdom, with ten partner institutions around the world; and in the second place the creation of the Group of “Global Centers for International Higher Education Studies”, or GCIHES, in which the Center for International Higher Education collaborates with five other centers in the world, and which has its secretariat at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile in Santiago. These initiatives can be seen as a product of the “Shanghai Statement, The Future of Higher Education: The need for research and training for the higher education enterprise” in 2013. Where higher education research was in the past limited and mainly focused on national and regional aspects, like the sector itself, the shift is now towards international higher education. This is an important development.
The Value of Administrative Staff for Internationalization
Authors: Brandenburg Uwe
Published: February 2017

Administrative staff, including those working for international offices, housing officials, and many others play a key role in international higher education. Without their professionalism and involvement, virtually all aspects of university internationalization would fail.
Do or Die: The Dilemma of Higher Education in South Sudan
Authors: Kuany David Malual W.
Published: February 2017

South Sudan, the world’s newest nation, faces severe problems in developing it’s higher education institutions due to civil war, poverty,  and other factors. Yet, universities are growing. This article discusses the challenges and accomplishments.
Challenges to Doctoral Education in Africa
Authors: Khodabocus Fareeda
Published: February 2017

Doctoral education in Africa is at a turning point and African universities are called upon to act as the focal points for growth in African development. African Studies reveal that the growth of doctoral education in the leading universities in Africa are increasing but at a slow rate and universities, must be  motivated to produce enough doctorates to contribute to growth of their knowledge economies. The need to create high-level skills demand on the job market is evinced and African universities must be driven by their governments, private sectors and academic communities to generate more doctorates in supply to its labor market.
Kyrgyzstan: Quality Assurance—Do State Standards Matter?
Authors: Merrill Martha C
Published: February 2017

The Kyrgyz Republic has been without a formal system for evaluating its higher education institutions since June 3, 2014, but neither educators nor the public seem to care very much. Specific circumstances make the lack of formal assessment mechanisms at the national level less critical than might be the case elsewhere. Nevertheless, since one factor is that some of the stronger institutions have degrees recognized elsewhere and others are pursuing international accreditation, educators elsewhere might want to keep an eye on Kyrgyzstan.
Performance-Based Funding of Universities in Europe
Authors: Estermann Thomas , Claeys-Kulik Anna-Lena
Published: February 2017

Performance-based funding of universities is often perceived as a useful tool by policy makers, both to increase the transparency of public spending by linking it to measurable indicators, as well as to incentivize and reward the achievement of certain policy goals. However, the analysis reveals that the expectations towards performance-based funding are often too high and that it should be used with caution due to the various effects that are difficult to control.
Chinese Higher Education: “Glass Ceiling” and “Feet of Clay”
Authors: Altbach Philip G
Published: February 2017

China has seen remarkable academic growth and also improvement in the quality of its top universities. However, problems remain at the top of the higher education system in terms of overbureaucratization and other issues. The bottom “mass-based” institutions have been largely ignored in terms of their financing and quality.
Academic Freedom in the World’s Largest Democracy
Authors: Tierney William G , Sabharwal Nidhi S
Published: February 2017

India is the world’s largest democracy, but does democratic governance ensure that academic freedom is the same regardless of geographic location?  We review recent developments pertaining to academic freedom in India and consider the limitations being placed on faculty in the classroom, in their research, and with regard to extramural speech and actions.
The “New” Private Higher Education Sector in the United Kingdom
Authors: Callender Claire
Published: February 2017

This article calls into question the UK government’s desire to develop a private higher education sector in England. It argues that the government’s policies are exclusively ideologically driven and are unlikely to fulfil their aims while simultaneously diverting resources away from the already highly marketized public higher education sector.
Changing Public-Private Dynamics in Polish Higher Education
Authors: Kwiek Marek
Published: February 2017

The public–private dynamics in systematically contracting Polish higher education has been changing rapidly. In the global context of the increasing reliance on cost-sharing mechanisms and the private sector growth, the Polish system seems to be moving in the opposite direction as our data show. The Polish trend of higher education de-privatization (in funding and enrolments) goes against the global trend of its privatization. The Polish case shows how fragile private higher education is when its dominating demand-absorbing subsector is confronted with a double challenge of changing demographics and massive public financing in the public sector.
Private Participation in Higher Education in Sub- Saharan Africa: Ghana’s Experience
Authors: Fram Akplu Henry
Published: February 2017

Private participation in higher education has contributed to the transformation and internationalization of higher education in Sub-Saharan African countries over the past two decades.  The country-specific (Ghana) experience described in this article illustrates the push factors, policy responses, transformations, and ways in which deregulation has contributed to internalization of higher education.
Luxembourg’s Expanding Higher Education System: Responding to Global Norms
Authors: Braband Gangolf , Powell Justin J.W.
Published: February 2017

Luxembourg has an expanding higher education system, with one of the youngest European national research universities at its center. The University of Luxembourg was founded, against local resistance, as an elite institutional response to global norms and to the Europe-wide Bologna Process.
How International Branch Campuses Stand Out from the Crowd
Authors: Merola Rachael
Published: February 2017

Trans National Education (TNE) models have evolved and diversified in terms of size, scope, ownership, and support framework. What distinguishes an international branch campus from other forms of TNE, and what are some of the main characteristics of IBCs?
Transnational Education in Chinese Secondary Education
Authors: Choon Boey Lim Fion
Published: February 2017

This article discusses the development of transnational activities in the Chinese secondary school sector, particularly at the senior level. It describes how growth has outpaced quality control, and discusses the role that the China Centralised Government is likely to take in terms of future quality management.
International Advisory Councils: A New Aspect of Internationalization
Authors: Altbach Philip , Mihut Georgiana , Salmi Jamil
Published: February 2017

International advisory councils—committees of external experts that help universities discuss performance and suggest future direction—are increasingly common. This article discusses how these councils are organized, their roles and functions, and the contributions that they make to universities.
Foreign Higher Education in India: The Latest Developments
Authors: Garrett Richard
Published: February 2017

India has long had mixed emotions about letting foreign higher education institutions operate in the country. Advocates champion greater student choice and high quality programming while opponents worry about exploitation and unfair competition. In practice, many foreign institutions do operate but the rules are complex and unevenly enforced. The latest government measures are more open and clear in some respects but otherwise perpetuate restrictions and ambiguity.
Higher Education and Myanmar's Economic and Democratic Development
Authors: Kamibeppu Takao , Chao, Jr. Roger Y.
Published: February 2017

This article argues that higher education plays a key role in Myanmar’s sustainable economic development and democratic transition. Establishing legal frameworks, supporting the implementation of institutional autonomy, incorporating citizenship education, and making full use of the country’s ASEAN membership are recommended.
Disruption in the US Accreditation Space
Authors: Eaton Judith S.
Published: February 2017

The US accreditation system has a long and successful history, but is now under unprecedented criticism. Especially problematical are increasing demands for accountability to government and the public. Issues of employability and how to access are also involved.
The Humanities and Social Sciences in the Age of STEM: The Struggle of Japanese as a Linguistic Minority
Authors: Yonezawa Akiyoshi
Published: February 2017

The author analyzes the background of the recent disputes on the relevance of humanities and social sciences at national public universities in Japan. Based on the analysis, several themes emerge, including long term governmental policies to prioritize STEM fields, and the difficulties of identifying the values of the humanities and social sciences in countries that are linguistically isolated in the age of globalization.
Medierne og islam før, under og efter oprørene i Tunesien, Egypten og Syrien
Authors: Brønd Thomas Vladimir , Haugbølle Rikke Hostrup
Published: February 2017

I stedet for et abstract er her begyndelsen på indledningen: Med lanceringen af den arabiske satellit TV-kanal al-Jazeera i 1996 og den første islamiske satellitkanal Iqra’ i 1998 samt internet og mobiltelefoner skabtes der arabiske offentligheder, hvor det på nye måder blev muligt for muslimer og arabere at kommunikere og interagere med hinanden på tværs af nationale grænser og ofte uden for regimernes agendaer. Over en lidt længere periode, siden 1970’erne, fandt forskellige former for islamisk vækkelse sted i den arabiske verden. Disse parallelle udviklinger – nye typer af medier, større mulighed for kommunikation og nye fortolkninger af islam – har været med til at ændre islamiske normer, udfordret politiske strategier og styrket nye og gamle identiteter i de arabiske lande. De over 700 nye arabiske og 47 islamiske satellitkanaler samt internet debatfora og sociale medier har spillet en væsentlig rolle i denne udvikling. (...)
Gamle og nye udtryk for islam i Tunesien: Regimerne og den islamiske Radio Zitouna
Authors: Haugbølle Rikke Hostrup
Published: February 2017

In 2007 Tunisia’s first Islamic radio channel, Radio Zitouna, was launched. The year before, in 2006, a public expression of Islam by the population culminated when Ben Ali and his regime cracked down on women wearing the Islamic veil in public. Same year the regime caught an Islamist group planning an attack on strategic places and the president and therefore described by the regime as terrorists. With a point of departure in the theories presented by studies of the Arab authoritarian regimes it would be obvious to explain the launch of Radio Zitouna as a regime response to a threat against one of its power strongholds, Islam. However, this article widens the perspective of Radio Zitouna and includes other aspects than the relation between the radio station and the regime. Bases on analysis of a number of programmes broadcast from 2007 to 2009 and interviews with the staff at the radio station in 2009 and 2010 the article presents other contexts which do not only link to the current events in Tunisia but rather relates to a broader historical and political context.
Nationale tv-strategier under det arabiske forår
Authors: Galal Ehab
Published: February 2017

Since the beginning of the uprisings in Tunisia, Egypt, Yemen, Libya and Syria in winter and spring 2010-2011, the national Arab televisions (state or private owned) have found themselves in a challenging situation. They have been forced to find a balance between traditional loyalties to the ruling power and loyalty towards journalistic standards of critical and objective coverage of popular national uprisings. Gradually, during the periods of uprisings, television has changed its coverage in accordance with the local national development of the revolutionary movements. This paper will analyse such changes of coverage. The basis of the analysis is the coverage of the uprisings in Egyptian television, primarily in news programs, in the period January – August 2011. The general argument of the paper is that Egyptian television in this period has gone through six phases in their coverage. In the paper the phases will be explored and illustrated by examples.
Muslim Immigrants, Public Religion and Developments towards a Post-Secular Finnish Welfare State
Authors: Martikainen Tuomas
Published: February 2017

The article addresses the question whether, with Finland as the case, the Nordic welfare state is undergoing profound change under the influence of neo-liberal global economics and new forms of governance. The article starts with a critique of Nancy Foner and Richard Alba’s (2008) comparison of the position of Muslims in the USA and Western Europe and claims that their comparison does not take into account more recent changes in the ways how West European states deal with religion. Instead the article argues that state-religion relations have been influenced by the neo-liberal restructuring of society and it presents an alternative way to look at state-religion relations. It is claimed the societal location of religion is now better understood within the context of civil society rather than an institutional sphere of its own.
Islamic Religious Education in State Funded Muslim Schools in Sweden: A Sign of Secularization or Not?
Authors: Berglund Jenny
Published: February 2017

In this article the establishment of publicly funded Muslim schools in Sweden is described and analysed. This is done by reference to relevant debates about these schools as well as to the content of the extracurricular subject Islamic Religious Education (IRE), which is what distinguishes a Muslim school from other schools in Sweden. The article also raises the question to what extent the appearance of IRE within publicly funded Muslim schools implies that Islam in the Swedish context is turning into what José Casanova has termed a ‘deprivatized public religion’. It claims that Islam to a certain extent tends to be viewed as deprivatized even though it is not articulated in this way in schools. The conclusion drawn in relation to the study presented in this chapter is that Islam is rather following the Swedish secularization pattern and is not viewed as an alternative societal order which instead would indicate a de-privatization.
The Distribution of Pupils with Muslim Religio-Cultural Backgrounds in Danish Schools
Authors: Sedgwick Mark
Published: February 2017

Forskningsnotatet redegør for fordelingen af elever med muslimske religiøskulturelle baggrunde i de danske skoler. Religiøs-kulturel baggrund er tilskrevet elever med ikke-dansk herkomst på baggrund af national oprindelse ifølge statweb.uni-c.dk. Religiøs-kulturel baggrund er ikke det samme som religion, men indikerer alligevel, hvor hyppige forskellige typer forhold er. Notatet viser, at langt de fleste danske skoler har få eller ingen elever med muslimsk baggrund, og at skoler med mange muslimske elever er yderst usædvanlige. Langt størstedelen af elever med dansk oprindelse går således i skole med andre elever med dansk oprindelser. Relativt få elever med oprindelse i muslimske lande går på denne type skole. Mange går på skoler, der har et højt antal eller et flertal af elever med muslimske religiøs-kulturelle baggrunde.