bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Petra Santa Cruz Stevens and the sexual and racial modalities of property relations in the nineteenth-century Arizona–Sonora borderlands
Authors: Guidotti-Hernández Nicole M
Published: August 2014

The 1890s were a period of tremendous social and political upheaval. The intimate nature of boom-bust economies and the end of the Indian wars influenced US–Mexico borderlands social life, forming the basis of this article. A 23 March 1893 murder-suicide attempt by ex-Congressman Hiram Stevens against his wife Petra Santa Cruz in the Arizona territory sets the stage for how larger socioeconomic shifts in racialized capitalist production influenced historical memory. In particular, analyzing Petra Santa Cruz Stevens’ life history in the context of capitalism provides a window for a reassessment of borderlands history as it is currently practiced, the ways in which material objects account for the affective and social labor of producing legible subjects, the ways in which sexual and racial modalities informed property relations of capital, and finally, a feminist critique of social history and national formation by shifting our attention to how borderlands negotiations of violence and history were, and continue to be, central to US history. I argue that the murder-suicide reordered systems of meaning, serving as a microeconomic index of racial capital and nation-state formation.
Introducing a new cold metal forming method for producing a fold in the circular tubes with a certain wavelength
Authors: Rahmani Danesh M , Niknejad Abbas
Published: August 2014

This article introduces a new metal forming process for creating a fold with a controllable and certain wavelength into the circular metal tubes during the axial compression. Also, a new analytical model of plastic deformation of the circular metal tubes constrained between two rigid punches subjected to quasi-static axial loading is introduced. Based on the deformation model, some theoretical relations are derived to predict the instantaneous axial load of a complete fold creation into the tubes versus the axial displacement in the elastic and plastic zones. Four different mechanisms of energy absorption are considered in the present theoretical model: two kinds of bending mechanism around circular hinge lines, circumferential expansion and unbending mechanism corresponding to meridian strain. Theoretical prediction shows that the required axial load for creating a complete fold in a constrained metal tube between two rigid punches is dependent on the tube wall thickness, internal radius and initial free length of the tube and also tube material properties. Also, some quasi-static axial compression tests were performed on the circular tubes of brass and aluminum alloys between two rigid punches, and the results were compared with the theoretical predictions that showed a reasonable agreement. Furthermore, the experimental observations show that wavelength of a complete created fold into the circular tubes could be controlled using two rigid dies during the folding process and using the poly(vinyl chloride) Teflon as the filler, instead of the intrinsic wavelength of the tube.
Systemic lupus erythematosus complicated with liver cirrhosis in a patient with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome
Authors: Yasudo H , Ando T , Takeuchi M , Nakano H , Itonaga T , Takehara H , Isojima T , Miura K , Harita Y , Takita J , Oka A
Published: August 2014

We report the first case of a girl who presented with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) and subsequently developed systemic lupus erythematosus and liver cirrhosis. This indicates that autoimmune diseases can be a complication in patients with PLS. Cathepsin C gene mutations were not found in our patient or her mother. Thus, other genetic factors may have been involved in this patient.
Frailty modeling for clustered competing risks data with missing cause of failure
Authors: Lee Minjung , Ha Il Do , Lee Youngjo
Published: August 2014

Competing risks data often occur within a center in multi-center clinical trials where the event times within a center may be correlated due to unobserved factors across individuals. In this paper, we consider the cause-specific proportional hazards model with a shared frailty to model the association between the event times within a center in the framework of competing risks. We use a hierarchical likelihood approach, which does not require any intractable integration over the frailty terms. In a clinical trial, cause of death information may not be observed for some patients. In such a case, analyses through exclusion of cases with missing cause of death may lead to biased inferences. We propose a hierarchical likelihood approach for fitting the cause-specific proportional hazards model with a shared frailty in the presence of missing cause of failure. We use multiple imputation methods to address missing cause of death information under the assumption of missing at random. Simulation studies show that the proposed procedures perform well, even if the imputation model is misspecified. The proposed methods are illustrated with data from EORTC trial 30791 conducted by European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC).
Identification of Previously Undiagnosed Diabetes and Prediabetes in the Inpatient Setting Using Risk Factor and Hemoglobin A1C Screening
Authors: Ochoa Pamella S. , Terrell Brian T. , Vega Jose A. , Mnjoyan Sofia Z. , Lu Celia , Klein Mary S. , Binkley Gary W.
Published: August 2014

Background: Identifying diabetes early in its progression can present opportunities to intervene with education and medical management to prevent diabetes-related complications. Objective: The primary objective was to determine the incidence of diabetes in hospitalized patients without insurance or routine outpatient care using recommendations by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes for diabetes risk screening and diagnosis. Methods: This study was conducted at a community hospital in Abilene, Texas. Hospitalized patients were screened if they had self-payer status and did not have a primary care physician. If patients met screening criteria based on risk factors listed in the ADA guidelines, a hemoglobin A1C test and fasting plasma glucose test were completed during hospitalization. Patients found to have diabetes were referred for outpatient education and management of diabetes. Data to determine the incidence of diabetes diagnosis were collected retrospectively. Results: A total of 460 patients were screened for inclusion. Of the 92 patients included in the analysis, 8.7% (n = 8) were identified as having diabetes and 39.1% (n = 36) with prediabetes. Age and hypertension were independently positively correlated with increased risk for diabetes ( P = 0.002; P = 0.045). Conclusions: Using risk factor screening based on ADA recommendations in the inpatient setting did not identify a significant number of patients with diabetes. This study found specific risk factors to be correlated with diagnosis of diabetes. Rather than using routine screening based on the number of risk factors, the presence of highly correlated risk factors may be an indication for diabetes screening.
Calcaneal “Z” Osteotomy Effect on Hindfoot Varus After Triple Arthrodesis in a Cadaver Model
Authors: Zanolli Diego H. , Glisson Richard R. , Utturkar Gangadhar M. , Eckel Tobin T. , DeOrio James K.
Published: August 2014

Background:

Triple arthrodesis involves subtalar, talonavicular, and calcaneocuboid joint fusion and is performed to relieve pain and correct deformity. Complications include malunion resulting in equinovarus and lateral column overload, which can lead to painful callosities and stress fractures. This study quantified the effectiveness of a closing-wedge calcaneal “Z” osteotomy for correction of the varus condition and reduction of abnormal loading of the lateral border of the foot.

Methods:

Ten fresh-frozen feet were used. Angle meters were attached to the calcaneus and second cuneiform to measure hindfoot and midfoot varus, and pressure sensors were placed under the first and fifth metatarsal heads to document loading of the borders of the foot. Tensile loads were applied to ten extrinsic tendons and the Achilles tendon while an 1187 N axial foot load was applied. Calcaneus and second cuneiform coronal plane angles and medial and lateral plantar pressures were measured initially, after triple fusion-induced varus, and after “Z” osteotomy.

Results:

The calcaneal “Z” osteotomy had no significant corrective effect, with hindfoot alignment virtually identical before and after the procedure under the described foot loading conditions. Similarly, second cuneiform inclination, representative of midfoot alignment, showed no change from the osteotomy. Medial and lateral peak plantar pressures after calcaneal “Z” osteotomy did not differ from those measured after varus triple fusion.

Conclusion:

In this cadaver model of varus malunited triple arthrodesis, the closing-wedge calcaneal “Z” osteotomy was ineffective for correction of bone alignment and lateral forefoot overloading under the tested conditions.

Clinical Relevance:

The results provide additional information on which to base treatment after triple arthrodesis with varus malunion.
Hydroxychloroquine’s Efficacy as an Antiplatelet Agent Study in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Achuthan S. , Ahluwalia J. , Shafiq N. , Bhalla A. , Pareek A. , Chandurkar N. , Malhotra Samir
Published: August 2014

Background:

With the inflammatory model of atherosclerosis taking center stage, anti-inflammatory drugs hold a promising place in the therapy of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent studies showed that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was protective against thrombovascular events in lupus erythematosus and traditional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Some preliminary experimental data have shown that it may prevent platelet activation too.

Objective:

To evaluate the antiplatelet activity of HCQ when given alone and in combination with aspirin (ASA) and compare it with ASA alone and ASA plus clopidogrel (CLOP) in healthy human volunteers.

Methods:

In part 1 of the study, 8 volunteers were given HCQ for 7 days. In part 2, 12 volunteers were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to the 3 groups in which 2 of the 3 treatments, ASA, ASA plus CLOP, and ASA plus HCQ, were given in the 2 treatment periods separated by a 14-day washout period using the incomplete block design. Inhibition of platelet aggregation (IPA) was measured by light transmission aggregometry.

Results:

When arachidonic acid (AA) was used as agonist, HCQ given alone showed a significant reduction in platelet aggregation (11.0% ± 4.2%, P = .03). The IPA was significantly increased when ASA plus HCQ was compared with ASA alone (31.2% ± 8.1%, P = .002). This synergistic effect was not seen with adenosine diphosphate and collagen as agonists. Levels of serum 11-dehydrothromboxane B2, a stable marker of thromboxane A2 production, were not significantly different between the groups. There was also a significant decrease in fibrinogen and erythrocyte sedimentation rate values when HCQ was used alone or in combination with ASA.

Conclusion:

This study suggests that HCQ has antiplatelet properties possibly through the AA pathway (downstream to thromboxane A2 production). With possible additional beneficial effects over the traditional CVD risk factors, larger studies in the future might explore HCQ’s potential as an antiplatelet agent.
From a “Perfect Storm” to “Smooth Sailing”
Authors: Willging Cathleen E. , Green Amy E. , Gunderson Lara , Chaffin Mark , Aarons Gregory A.
Published: August 2014

Policymakers shape implementation and sustainment of evidence-based practices (EBPs), whether they are developing or responding to legislation and policies or negotiating public sector resource constraints. As part of a large mixed-method study, we conducted qualitative interviews with 24 policymakers involved in delivery of the same EBP in two U.S. states. We analyzed transcripts via open and focused coding techniques to identify the commonality, diversity, and complexity of implementation challenges; approaches to overcoming those challenges; and the importance of system-level contextual factors in ensuring successful implementation. Key findings centered on building support and leadership for EBPs; funding and contractual strategies; partnering with stakeholders; tackling challenges via proactive planning and problem solving; and the political, legal, and systemic pressures affecting EBP longevity. The policymaker perspectives offer guidance on nurturing system and organizational practice environments to achieve positive outcomes and for optimally addressing macro-level influences that bear upon the instantiation of EBPs in public sector child welfare systems.
Interview Interruption and Responses to Questions About Domestic Violence in India
Authors: Rabel Brenna V. , Cunningham Solveig A. , Stephenson Rob
Published: August 2014

This article uses the National Family Health Survey 2005-2006 (NFHS-3) of India to examine the relationship between interview interruption and the reporting of domestic violence. A sample of 65,610 currently married women was used to compare reported acts of physical and sexual violence among women who had been interrupted during their interview and those who had not. Logistic regression analyses indicated that women whose interviews were interrupted by either an adult man or woman were significantly more likely to report intimate partner violence.
Dynamic analysis of elastic waves by an arbitrary cavity in an inhomogeneous medium with density variation
Authors: Hei Baoping , Yang Zailin , Wang Yao , Liu Diankui
Published: August 2014

Based on complex function theory, an analytical solution for the dynamic stress concentration due to an arbitrary cylindrical cavity in an infinite inhomogeneous medium is investigated. Two different conformal mappings are introduced to solve scattering by an arbitrary cavity for the Helmholtz equation with variable coefficient through the transformed standard Helmholtz equation with a circular cavity. By assuming that the medium density continuously varies in the horizontal direction with an exponential law and the elastic modulus is constant, the complex-value displacements and stresses of the inhomogeneous medium are explicitly obtained. The distribution of the dynamic stress for the case of an elliptical cavity are obtained and discussed in detail via a numerical example. The results show that the wavenumber, inhomogeneous parameters, and different values of aspect ratio have a significant influence on the dynamic stress concentration factors around the elliptical cavity.
Struggle as pedagogical approach: A Singaporean case study of a composition class in IB (International Baccalaureate) Year 5
Authors: Lum Chee-Hoo , Stromberg Dirk , Xueyan Yang
Published: August 2014

The purpose of this research study is an examination of a music artist-teacher’s pedagogical approaches and practices in teaching composition to a Year 5 IB (International Baccalaureate) class in a Singaporean specialized arts school. The study is approached as a qualitative case study spanning a 5-month period involving observation and recording of weekly classes and interviews with both the teacher and students. Analysis of the data suggests that a key attribute of the pedagogical approach to composition in this classroom is embodied in the notion of ‘struggle’, which encompasses i) the struggle of compositional process in finding one’s own composition voice through constant contextual exploration, experimentation and reflection, and ii) the struggle of creating the compositional product in terms of notating, performing and recording.
Web and mobile convergence
Authors: Ibrus Indrek
Published: August 2014

This article examines the evolution of the ‘open mobile web’ during its early phase of development, at the time when third-generation (3G) mobile networks were first launched. The ‘site’ chosen for the study was T-Mobile, a global mobile operator that was developing Europe’s first open mobile web service. Through interviews with its employees, the analysis shows how a change took place in the self-reflections of the telecoms industry with regard to the ways it was using various historical narratives. That rhetorical adjustment tied the mobile industry to the World Wide Web and its industry but did so in complex and contested ways. The analysis of this period of development is shown to have constituted the formation phase of the contemporary complexities of the ubiquitous web and its industries.
Questions of belonging: Same-sex parenthood and Judaism in transformation
Authors: Lustenberger Sibylle
Published: August 2014

In Israel, the Orthodox rabbinate has considerable influence on the legal definitions of marriage, parenthood and the Jewish collective in general. This article explores how same-sex couples, faced with rabbinic disapproval of their relationships and parenthood, assert the legitimacy of their families in Jewish Israeli society. While many lesbian women and gay men relate to Judaism as a tradition and national identity rather than as a religion, they do not reject religious practices and definitions altogether. I show through the prism of conversion practices and childbirth celebrations that – in close dialogue with their social environment – they carefully carve out a Judaism that embraces their children and families.
Derby drag: Parodying sexualities in the sport of roller derby
Authors: Gieseler Carly
Published: August 2014

The roller derby revival has created a unique stage and community for women athletes. Using Helen Lenskyj's foundational work to frame the institutional oppressions on women in sports, I explore how marginalized spaces like derby engender performances and identities outside the male-dominated hegemony of mainstream sport. In parodically dragging sexualities, derby skaters expose and critique institutional constraints for women athletes and their sexualities. Moving beyond traditional drag, skaters enact sexualities that both tempt and terrify the male gaze across bodies often cast outside that gaze. Thus, derby creates critical commentary by and for the skaters who drag the sexualities that the hegemonic male gaze uses to objectify or dismiss them.
Transgender people of color at the center: Conceptualizing a new intersectional model
Authors: de Vries Kylan Mattias
Published: August 2014

Some transgender people in the USA actively experience changes in institutional power linked to transitioning. As such, they serve as informants to the interconnections of institutional inequalities and social identities and positions. Centering the experiences of “trans” people of color and drawing from feminist standpoint theory, I theorize a multifaceted prism to expand upon existing intersectional models by linking multifaceted social positions to institutional inequalities and challenging dichotomous understandings of categories. I then use this multifaceted prism to critique my own positionality as a researcher and to analyze experiences of trans people of color.
Temporalities of human–livestock relationships in the late prehistory of the southern Levant
Authors: Allentuck Adam
Published: August 2014

The secondary products revolution is re-appraised here as a critical process in human history that created durable and enduring relationships between people and their livestock. The secondary products revolution is conventionally described in terms of agricultural intensification and a step towards urban development. This process marks a shift from a strategy in which most animals are culled when they reach an optimal weight, which for ruminants occurs relatively early in life, to one in which individual animals are selected for their potential to yield one or more renewable products over the course of life and raised until they can no longer produce secondary products, which tends to occur in adulthood. This new mode of practice placed individual members of two species on an intersubjective ontological plane and moreover, spelled a shift in the temporality of human–livestock relations. This paper draws out the consequences of these ever-closer relationships in the course of human efforts to exploit renewable resources from domesticated animals. In particular, secondary products exploitation extended the lives of lactating female stock, sheep and goats desired for their fibres, oxen engaged in ploughing and donkeys working as pack animals. In this paper, the implications of these new long-term human–animal relationships, which originated and intensified sporadically in different regions of the Near East starting as early as the Neolithic, are discussed in light of the new temporality that attended practices of long-term stock-keeping. This model is examined in light of zooarchaeological, micromorphological and representational evidence for human–livestock relations from the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age of the southern Levant.
Human rights, self-determination, and external legitimacy
Authors: Levitov Alex
Published: August 2014

It is commonly supposed that (a) at least some states possess a moral right against external intervention in their domestic affairs and (b) all human rights violations give members of the international community reasons to undertake preventive or remedial action against offending states. No state, however, currently protects or could reasonably be expected to protect its subjects’ human rights to a perfect degree. In view of this reality, many have found it difficult to explain how any existing or readily foreseeable state could enjoy a moral right of nonintervention without denying the normative force of human rights. This article seeks to reconcile these apparently incompatible commitments by arguing that, in addition to acting in defense of human rights, outsiders must be appropriately responsive to individuals’ distinct and potentially countervailing interests in collective self-determination. I show that, under certain demanding but not unrealistic conditions, individuals’ interests in self-determination are of sufficient weight not simply to ground a judgment against intervention in particular cases but to generate arobust right of nonintervention on the part of some states that nevertheless fail to secure perfect protection of their subjects’ human rights.
Moving the Worksite Health Promotion Profession Forward
Authors: Watkins Cecilia , English Gary
Published: August 2014

Standards in any profession are adopted to assure that the individuals hired are adequately trained and the programs that they oversee are of the highest quality. Worksite health promotion should be no different from any other field. A review of the research conducted by experts in worksite health promotion is examined, along with an assessment of skills needed to ensure that wellness programs are effective and employees, their families, and even their communities are educated on the ways to best prevent chronic diseases and occupational incidences through healthy and safe behaviors. This article is consistent with Health Promotion Practice’s mission and focuses on the exploration of the processes used to plan effective worksite health promotion programs, and it suggests initial discussions on whether these processes should become standards for professionals in the worksite health promotion field.
Dengue virus infection induces broadly cross-reactive human IgM antibodies that recognize intact virions in humanized BLT-NSG mice
Authors: Jaiswal Smita , Smith Kenneth , Ramirez Alejandro , Woda Marcia , Pazoles Pamela , Shultz Leonard D , Greiner Dale L , Brehm Michael A , Mathew Anuja
Published: August 2014

The development of small animal models that elicit human immune responses to dengue virus (DENV) is important since prior immunity is a major risk factor for developing severe dengue disease. This study evaluated anti-DENV human antibody (hAb) responses generated from immortalized B cells after DENV-2 infection in NOD- scid IL2rγnull mice that were co-transplanted with human fetal thymus and liver tissues (BLT-NSG mice). DENV-specific human antibodies predominantly of the IgM isotype were isolated during acute infection and in convalescence. We found that while a few hAbs recognized the envelope protein produced as a soluble recombinant, a number of hAbs only recognized epitopes on intact virions. The majority of the hAbs isolated during acute infection and in immune mice were serotype-cross-reactive and poorly neutralizing. Viral titers in immune BLT-NSG mice were significantly decreased after challenge with a clinical strain of dengue. DENV-specific hAbs generated in BLT-NSG mice share some of the characteristics of Abs isolated in humans with natural infection. Humanized BLT-NSG mice provide an attractive preclinical platform to assess the immunogenicity of candidate dengue vaccines.
Learner councils in South African schools: Adult involvement and learners’ rights
Authors: Hunt Frances
Published: August 2014

Each secondary school in South Africa is legally obliged to establish a representative council of learners, a democratically elected, learner-only council. This article looks at how the representative councils of learners are realised in practice in four secondary schools. Three research questions focus on the practice of representative councils of learners, how they engage with learner rights and the role adults play in mediating representative councils of learners. The article explores whether representative councils of learners are spaces where learners actively pursue rights agendas where inequalities and injustices exist. It adds to a body of work exploring the enactment of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and Constitution in South Africa and explores the complexity of schooling relations which shape their potential.
The Effect of Topic Selection on EFL Students’ Writing Performance
Authors: Bonyadi Alireza
Published: August 2014

The present study aimed at measuring the effect of topic selection on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students’ writing performance. To this end, a quasi-experimental design was used in the study. Topic selection was considered as the independent variable and the students’ writing performance as the dependent variable. A total of 30 students were selected based on their performance on the placement test administered initially and then randomly assigned into two groups, self-selected topic group (SST) and teacher-assigned topic group (TAT). An independent-samples t test was conducted to compare the scores for the two groups. Findings of the study indicated a significant difference in the performance of the students who wrote on their self-selected topics ( M = 34.53, SD = 3.32) and for those who wrote on a teacher-assigned topic, M = 26.53, SD = 5.24, t(28) = 4.98. The magnitude of the difference in the means was large (η2 = .46).
Calibrated delivery drape versus indirect gravimetric technique for the measurement of blood loss after delivery: a randomized trial
Authors: Ambardekar Shubha , Shochet Tara , Bracken Hillary , Coyaji Kurus , Winikoff Beverly
Published: August 2014

Background

Trials of interventions for PPH prevention and treatment rely on different measurement methods for the quantification of blood loss and identification of PPH. This study’s objective was to compare measures of blood loss obtained from two different measurement protocols frequently used in studies.

Methods

Nine hundred women presenting for vaginal delivery were randomized to a direct method (a calibrated delivery drape) or an indirect method (a shallow bedpan placed below the buttocks and weighing the collected blood and blood-soaked gauze/pads). Blood loss was measured from immediately after delivery for at least one hour or until active bleeding stopped.

Results

Significantly greater mean blood loss was recorded by the direct than by the indirect measurement technique (253.9 mL and 195.3 mL, respectively; difference = 58.6 mL (95% CI: 31–86); p < 0.001). Almost twice as many women in the direct than in the indirect group measured blood loss > 500 mL (8.7% vs. 4.7%, p = 0.02).

Conclusions

The study suggests a real and significant difference in blood loss measurement between these methods. Research using blood loss measurement as an endpoint needs to be interpreted taking measurement technique into consideration.

Trial registration

This study has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01885845.
Seasonal behavior of meteor radar winds over Wuhan
Authors: Zhao Guangxin , Liu Libo , Wan Weixing , Ning Baiqi , Xiong Jiangang
Published: August 2014

A newly installed meteor radar has been installed to measure winds in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) over Wuhan (114.4°E, 30.6°N). In the present study, a database of the first 25 months (February 2002–February 2004) of observations has been analyzed to investigate the climatology of mean winds and tides. The daily average zonal wind is charactered by a strong shear in solstices and an intense eastward flow in summer. The daily average meridional wind is northward in winter and southward in other seasons. There are some discrepancies between the radar mean winds and the HWM93 model winds. The summer zonal winds and meridional winds from the model are obviously weaker than our observations. The analysis on tides indicates that the diurnal tide is dominant at Wuhan. The seasonal variability is observed in both the diurnal and semidiurnal tidal amplitudes with the maximum values occurring usually near the equinoxes. Compared with the Global Scale Wave Model (GSWM00), the observed results generally show a smaller diurnal tidal amplitude and a larger semidiurnal tidal amplitude.
Simulation of strong ground motions caused by the 2004 off the Kii peninsula earthquakes
Authors: Hayakawa Toshihiko , Furumura Takashi , Yamanaka Yoshiko
Published: August 2014

Strong ground motions caused by the Mj 7.4 2004 earthquake that occurred in the Nankai Trough to the southeast of the Kii Peninsula, Japan are simulated by a three-dimensional (3D) finite-difference method (FDM) using a fault-rupture model obtained by inversion of teleseismic seismograms and a 3D subsurface structure model for central Japan. Through simulations of the foreshock (Mj 7.1), the structural model is refined by comparison with observations, and the modified model is used to simulate the mainshock. The simulation provides a reasonable reproduction of the ground motions caused by the mainshock, including site amplification effects in the sedimentary basins of Osaka and Noubi. However, the current simulation model has limitations in producing the large and extended ground motion due to long-period Love waves in the Kanto Plain, as the model does not account for the sharp frequency selectivity for Love waves in the surficial structure of the Bouso Peninsula. It therefore appears necessary to develop a better model for longer-period waves.
Latitudinal and longitudinal displacement of cusp ion precipitation controlled by IMF By and Bz
Authors: Asai Keiko T. , Maezawa Kiyoshi , Mukai Toshifumi , Hayakawa Hajime
Published: August 2014

Dependence of the location of the cusp precipitation on the orientation of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is investigated using data from the Akebono satellite taken at altitudes of several thousands of km. More than a hundred cusp precipitation events have been identified with the low-energy particle detector (LEP) onboard Akebono. The observed energy spectra of ions precipitating at the cusp are dispersed by the convection motion of field lines. We pay special attention to the location where precipitating ions have the highest energy in the energy dispersion curve as recorded along the satellite’s path; such location would represent the one nearest to the foot point of the dayside reconnection line (we here assume that the cusp ion injection is triggered by the magnetopause reconnection). We study this location as a proxy for the foot point of the reconnection line and call it „ion entry point” in this paper. Our analysis shows that the location of the „ion entry point” has a strong dependence on the sign and magnitude of IMF B
y and B
z. B
y and B
z have almost orthogonal effects on the location of the entry point, with the latitudinal displacement linearly related to B
z, and the longitudinal displacement linearly related to B
y. We find that the B
z dependence of the ion entry point is represented by a single regression line for entire range of B
z irrespective of its north/south polarity. We also find that the B
y dependence is larger for positive B
z than for negative B
z. The distribution of ion entry points for positive IMF B
y is almost a mirror image of that for negative IMF B
y with respect to the noon-midnight meridian plane. We discuss the dependence of the „ion entry point” on the IMF from the viewpoint of where and how the magnetopause reconnection (merging) occurs for various orientations of IMF.
Three-dimensional magnetization vector inversion of a seamount
Authors: Kubota Ryuji , Uchiyama Akinori
Published: August 2014

A three-dimensional non-uniform magnetic modeling is proposed to obtain information about a magnetization of a seamount, which was divided into many blocks modeled by layered and rectangular prisms, and parameters were assigned to each block describing magnetic three components. Our data were the magnetic total force on the sea. A set of linear observation equations was formulated in terms of three components of magnetization for each block. The solution was obtained by using the conjugate gradients method because of its fast and accurate advantages of calculation. In this inversion, a common set of three components was defined for several blocks to decrease the number of unknown parameters. A computer program has been tested with artificial data and applied to data of Daiichi Kashima Seamount observed during the first phase of the Kaiko project carried out with the R/V Jean Charcot in 1984. In the real application, the crustal structure was divided into three layers (top depth to 5 km depth, 5–6.5 km depth and 6.5–8 km depth). The result of the inversion shows that the top portion and the submerged western half of this seamount are covered with the low magnetization layers, and in the middle layer (5–6.5 km depth) of eastern half side, declinations, inclinations and intensities are almost northward, 15° and 3–5 A/m, respectively. In the third layer (6.5–8 km depth), the reverse magnetizations are revealed in the southeastern and northern sides of Daiichi Kashima Seamount and around Katori Seamount. These reverse magnetizations may reflect part of the magnetic lineations of the Pacific plate.
Structural mapping of Quseir area, northern Red Sea, Egypt, using high-resolution aeromagnetic data
Authors: Salem Ahmed , Aboud Essam , Elsirafy Abuelhoda , Ushijima Keisuke
Published: August 2014

Exploration in the northern Red Sea of Egypt has had little success in locating hydrocarbon accumulation. The main exploration problems in this region are the complex block faulting and Miocene salt structures. The complex basement block structure arises from the different ages of faults and the difficulty of determining the exact age relations. In this paper, we present a case study of structural mapping using application of the Euler method to high-resolution aeromagnetic data collected in the Quseir area of the northern Red Sea of Egypt. The results indicated that the area is affected by sets of fault systems, which are mainly trending in the NNW-SSE, NW-SE and NE-SW directions. The results also delineated boundaries of a long and wide magnetic body on the offshore part of the study area. This basement intrusion is most probably related to the Red Sea rift and perhaps associated with structures higher up in the sedimentary section. As a result, the area above this anomaly is highly recommended for further oil exploration. This example illustrates that high-resolution aeromagnetic surveys can help greatly in delineating subsurface structure in the northern Red Sea of Egypt.
Waveform modelling of local earthquakes in southwest Japan
Authors: Abdelwahed Mohamed F. , Zhao Dapeng
Published: August 2014

The crustal structure beneath southwest Japan is investigated through waveform modellings of four local crustal earthquakes by using the generalized ray theory. High-quality seismograms recorded by the Hi-net seismic network are used. The focal mechanism solutions of the events used are estimated by using the firstP-wave polarity data. Twenty-nine paths are used to characterize the crustal waveguide in SW Japan. Optimal 1-D velocity models for different paths are derived individually by waveform modelling. Synthetic tests are conducted to study the effects of different model parameters and to confirm the focal mechanism solutions. Modelling the waveforms individually is proven applicable for the heterogeneous regions. The resulted synthetics match the observed seismograms well. Considerable variations of the Conrad and Moho depths are found in the study area. The Conrad depth ranges from 14.8 to 19.7 km, and the Moho depth ranges from 28.4 to 33.4 km. Considerable variations in the crustal structure are found for the eastern portion of the study area where Biwa Lake lies. The effects of Biwa Lake on different paths are examined in detail.
Distribution of the East China Sea continental shelf basins and depths of magnetic sources
Authors: Lin Jing-Yi , Sibuet Jean-Claude , Hsu Shu-Kun
Published: August 2014

The acoustic basement map of the East China Sea, established by the Shanghai Offshore Petroleum Bureau with all available industry seismic data, shows the existence of a 30-km-wide, 10-km-deep basin, that we named the Ho Basin. The Ho Basin belongs to a series of elongated deep basins extending over 600 km east of the Taiwan-Sinzi Ridge and flanked to the East by a ridge named the Longwan Ridge in its northern part. This new system of basin and ridge was probably formed during middle Miocene, sometimes in between rifting episodes occurring in the Taipei Basin and Okinawa Trough. It complements the already defined system of five belts of backarc basins and associated arc volcanic ridges in the East China Sea, which are progressively younger from the Mainland China shoreline (late Cretaceous/early Tertiary) to the Okinawa Trough (Present). In order to determine the crustal thickness beneath the East China Sea continental shelf, we used a power spectrum method to calculate the depth of the top (Zt) and the centroid (Zo) of the magnetic basement by fitting a straight line through the high- and low-wave number portions of the power spectrum, respectively. Then, the depth of the base (Zb) is estimated from Zt and Zo. After optimizing the size of the data squares, we demonstrate that, except for basins more than 10 km deep, Zt corresponds to the basement depths and Zb, the depth of the Curie point, to the Moho depth. As wide-angle reflection and refraction data are scarce in the East China Sea, this method provides a way to characterize the crustal thickness of the East China Sea and to compute the theoretical heat flow values.
GPS/Acoustic seafloor geodetic observation: method of data analysis and its application
Authors: Fujita Masayuki , Ishikawa Tadashi , Mochizuki Masashi , Sato Mariko , Toyama Shin-ichi , Katayama Masato , Kawai Koji , Matsumoto Yoshihiro , Yabuki Tetsuichiro , Asada Akira , Colombo Oscar L.
Published: August 2014

We have been developing a system for detecting seafloor crustal movement by combining kinematic GPS and acoustic ranging techniques. A linear inversion method is adopted to determine the position of seafloor stations from coordinates of a moving survey vessel and measured travel times of acoustic waves in seawater. The positioning accuracy is substantially improved by estimating the temporal variation of the acoustic velocity structure. We apply our method to the ranging data acquired at the seafloor reference point, MYGI, located off Miyagi Prefecture, in northeast Japan, where a huge earthquake is expected to occur in the near future. A time series of horizontal coordinates of MYGI obtained from seven campaign observations for the period 2002–2005 exhibits a linear trend with a scattering rms of about 2 cm. A linear fit to the time series gives an intraplate crustal velocity of more than several centimeters per year towards the WNW, which implies strong interplate coupling around this region. The precision of each campaign solution was examined at MYGI and other seafloor reference points along the Nankai Trough through comparison of independent one-day subset solutions within the campaign. The resultant repeatability looks to be well-correlated with the temporal and spatial stability of the acoustic velocity structure in the seawater depending on the region as well as the season.
Vulcanian eruptions with dominant single force components observed during the Asama 2004 volcanic activity in Japan
Authors: Ohminato Takao , Takeo Minoru , Kumagai Hiroyuki , Yamashina Tadashi , Oikawa Jun , Koyama Etsuro , Tsuji Hiroshi , Urabe Taku
Published: August 2014

On September 1, 2004, Mt. Asama in central Japan erupted for the first time in 21 years. Between this moderate eruption and mid-November of the same year, 4 additional moderate eruptions occurred. We installed 8 broadband seismic stations in addition to the short period seismic network around the volcano and succeeded in recording the near-field seismic signals associated with the summit eruptions. The results of the waveform inversions clearly show that the force system exerted at the source region is dominated by vertical single force components. The source depths of the single force are shallower than 200 m from the bottom of the summit crater, and the order of magnitude of the single force is 1010–1011N. The source time history of each vertical single force component consists of two downward forces and one upward force. The initial downward force probably corresponds to the sudden removal of a lid capping the pressurized conduit. The drag force due to viscous magma moving upward in the conduit can explain the upward force. The correlation between the single force amplitudes and the amounts of volcanic deposits emitted from the summit crater are not necessarily positive, suggesting that the amount of deposits remaining within the summit crater may have played an important role in the excitation of the single force.
Energetic particle precipitation in the Brazilian geomagnetic anomaly during the “Bastille Day storm” of July 2000
Authors: Nishino Masanori , Makita Kazuo , Yumoto Kiyofumi , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Schuch Nelson J. , Abdu Mangalathayil A.
Published: August 2014

Ionospheric absorption associated with a great geomagnetic storm on July 15–16, 2000 (the “Bastille Day storm”) was observed in the Brazilian geomagnetic anomaly using a two-dimensional 4 × 4 imaging riometer (IRIS). In the afternoon of July 15, weak absorption (≈0.2 dB) was observed during the initial phase of the storm; large spatial-scale absorption exceeded the IRIS field of view (330×330 km). During the sharp magnetic decrease in the main phase of the storm, absorption was intensified (<0.5 dB) in the evening, showing a sheet structure with ≈150 km latitudinal width and >330 km longitudinal elongation. Subsequently, absorption was intensified (≈1 dB), having a small spatial-scale (≈150 km) in the background sheet structure and a pronounced westward drift (≈570 m s-1). In association with large magnetic fluctuations in the Bz component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), the ground magnetic variation in the night sector showed large positive swings during the initial to main phases of the storm. With the subsequent southward turning of the IMF Bz, the ground magnetic variation in the evening sector showed rapid storm development. Particle fluxes measured by a geosynchronous satellite (L =≈6.6) demonstrated large enhancements of low-energy protons (50–400 keV) and probably electrons (50–225 keV) during the storm’s initial phase. Particle fluxes from the low-altitude NOAA satellite (≈870 km) indicated the invasion of low-energy particles into the region of L < 2 during the main phase of the storm. These results indicate that low-energy particles injected into the outer radiation belt in association with frequent and strong substorm occurrences, were transported into the inner radiation belt through direct convective access by the storm-induced electric fields during the storm’s development. These particles then precipitated into the ionosphere over the Brazilian geomagnetic anomaly. Notably, the most intense absorption could be dominantly caused by proton precipitation with energies of ≈40 keV. Key words: Bastille Day storm, Brazilian geomagnetic anomaly, energetic particle precipitation, imaging riometer.
Theodolite-borne vector Overhauser magnetometer: DIMOVER
Authors: Sapunov V. , Rasson J. , Denisov A. , Saveliev D. , Kiselev S. , Denisova O. , Podmogov Y. , Khomutov S.
Published: August 2014

This report covers results of the long-term research directed at developing an absolute vector proton magnetometer based on the switching of bias magnetic fields. The distinctive feature is the attempt of the installation of a miniature Overhauser sensor and optimized Garret solenoid directly on the telescope of the theodolite. Thus this design (Declination Inclination Modulus Overhauser magnetometer: DIMOVER) will complement the universally recognised DIflux absolute device by adding full vector measurement capability. Preliminary designs, which also can be interesting to the experts in vector proton magnetometers, are presented.
Report on upgrade of NIS magnetic observatories by the INTAS infrastructure action CRENEGON
Authors: Rasson J. L. , Potapov A. S. , Korepanov V. E. , Khomutov S. Y. , Krasnov V. M. , Bitterly J.
Published: August 2014

We present the overall strategy used to upgrade 9 former USSR observatories to INTERMAGNET standards. The following aspects are discussed: application for funding to the INTAS European ad-hoc agency, choice of observatories to upgrade, choice of the instrumentation to purchase and to install, calibration of the instrumentation and used standards, back-ups, installation of the instrumentation and observatory real estate upgrade, acquisition and communication, training of the observers and documentation, evaluation of the upgrades and management of the project. Several observatories were successfully upgraded and we expect their INTERMAGNET certification soon.
Observations of the lower thermospheric neutral temperature and density in the DELTA campaign
Authors: Kurihara Junichi , Abe Takumi , Oyama Koh-Ichiro , Griffin Eoghan , Kosch Mike , Aruliah Anasuya , Kauristie Kirsti , Ogawa Yasunobu , Komada Sayaka , Iwagami Naomoto
Published: August 2014

The rotational temperature and number density of molecular nitrogen (N2) in the lower thermosphere were measured by the N2 temperature instrument onboard the S-310-35 sounding rocket, which was launched from Andøya at 0:33 UT on 13 December 2004, during the Dynamics and Energetics of the Lower Thermosphere in Aurora (DELTA) campaign. The rotational temperature measured at altitudes between 95 and 140 km, which is expected to be equal to neutral temperature, is much higher than neutral temperature from the Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter (MSIS) model. Neutral temperatures in the lower thermosphere were observed using the auroral green line at 557.7 nm by two Fabry-Perot Interferometers (FPIs) at Skibotn and the Kiruna Esrange Optical Platform System site. The neutral temperatures derived from the look directions closest to the rocket correspond to the rotational temperature measured at an altitude of 120 km. In addition, a combination of the all-sky camera images at 557.7 nm observed at two stations, Kilpisjärvi and Muonio, suggests that the effective altitude of the auroral arcs at the time of the launch is about 120 km. The FPI temperature observations are consistent with the in situ rocket observations rather than the MSIS model.