bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflexões humanísticas em serviço de atendimento especializado em HIV
Authors: Branco Bianca Barros , Barreto Amanda Chagas , Silva Rafael de Azevedo , Tavares Lorena Fecury , Cordeiro Herbert Paulino
Published: March 2020

Resumo A postura do médico em relação a diagnóstico e esclarecimentos ao paciente infectado pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana baseia-se principalmente na percepção pessoal e experiência humanística. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar a experiência de estudantes de medicina do sexto período do Centro Universitário Metropolitano da Amazônia, em Belém/PA, durante as aulas do módulo de Habilidades Clínicas (Eixo Infectologia) no Centro de Atenção à Saúde em Doenças Infecciosas Adquiridas. Depois de prestarem atendimentos ambulatoriais e discutirem casos clínicos por cinco meses, os estudantes se deram conta da necessidade de humanização nessa área, considerando questões biopsicossociais. De modo geral, a experiência ampliou os conhecimentos adquiridos nas aulas e permitiu aplicar o cuidado integral ao paciente, além de estimular formação mais humanística e crítica desses profissionais de saúde.
Percepção de estudantes e médicos sobre autonomia na doação de órgãos
Authors: Moraes Lúcio Jary Almeida de , Trevisan Gabrielle , Carvalho Diego de , Steffani Jovani Antônio , Bonamigo Elcio Luiz
Published: March 2020

Resumo A legislação brasileira adota a decisão familiar como critério para doação de órgãos e tecidos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar o conhecimento e a opinião de professores médicos, residentes e alunos de medicina sobre o tema. Trata-se de estudo transversal descritivo com aplicação de questionário, respondido por 353 participantes: 304 estudantes, divididos em três ciclos de estudos, 19 residentes e 30 professores. Manifestaram-se favoravelmente à doação de órgãos e tecidos 99,1% das mulheres e 94,9% dos homens. Concordaram que o principal critério deveria ser a vontade da pessoa 104 (81,2% n=128) estudantes do ciclo básico, 62 (82,7% n=75) do clínico, 82 (81,2% n=101) do internato, 15 (78,9%) residentes e 25 (83,3%) professores. Concluiu-se que a manifestação prévia da pessoa constitui critério relevante para doar seus órgãos e tecidos, o que pode favorecer o respeito à sua autonomia, a aceitação familiar e o aumento do número de doadores. Aprovação CEP-Unoesc/Hust 1.799.732
Percepção de profissionais da saúde sobre eutanásia
Authors: Silva Amanda Aparecida Alves , Pestana Fernanda Kelly Mendes , Rocha Fernanda Cardoso , Rios Bruna Roberta Meira , Aquino Artur Almeida , Gonçalves Sobrinho João Fabio , Alves Joyce Micaelle , Piris Álvaro Parrela
Published: March 2020

Resumo Em sua origem, a palavra “eutanásia” significa “boa morte” ou “morte sem dor”, prática que visa aliviar o sofrimento e cessar a dor do paciente em estado terminal. Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender os sentimentos e as percepções dos profissionais que atuam em unidade de terapia intensiva sobre o tema. Trata-se de pesquisa de caráter retrospectivo, descritivo e de análise qualitativa realizada com 23 profissionais do hospital universitário de Montes Claros/MG, por meio de entrevistas estruturadas, interpretadas a partir da análise de conteúdo. Os profissionais demonstraram conhecimento prévio sobre eutanásia e evidenciaram em seus discursos percepções de aspectos sociais, morais, éticos e técnicos. A eutanásia é questão complexa, muito discutida mundialmente. Portanto, é necessário explorar a problemática de legalização, bem como os impactos dessa decisão na vida do enfermo e na sociedade como um todo. Aprovação CEP-Soebras 2.014.605
Discursos sobre bioética nos periódicos da área médica do Paraná (1970-2005)
Authors: Renk Valquíria Elita , Bertucci Liane Maria
Published: March 2020

Resumo Este artigo analisa os discursos enunciadores da bioética na área médica do Paraná entre 1970 e 2005, identificando autores e sentidos atribuídos ao termo. Trata-se de pesquisa historiográfica sobre a revista Arquivos, publicada pelo Conselho Regional de Medicina do Paraná desde 1983, e a Revista Médica do Paraná, publicada pela Associação Médica do Paraná desde 1931. O corpus documental foi analisado a partir da perspectiva da história cultural. A bioética foi mencionada pela primeira vez na revista Arquivos em 1988, em artigo sobre morte cerebral, e depois na Revista Médica do Paraná, em 1996, em artigo sobre princípios da bioética, ambos escritos por médicos e professores. Os periódicos são dispositivos educacionais, pois divulgam ideário ético e bioético da classe médica que pode reverberar na sociedade e mudar comportamentos. A bioética enunciada nas fontes mostra proximidade com o principialismo e a ética médica.
A CONCEITUALIZAÇÃO DE MODELOS EM FÍSICA: APROXIMAÇÕES E DISTANCIAMENTOS ENTRE AS VISÕES DE MARIO BUNGE E GÉRARD VERGNAUD
Authors: MACHADO JULIANA , BRAGA MARCO
Published: March 2020

RESUMO: Esse estudo visa contribuir para o entendimento do processo de conceitualização de modelos no ensino-aprendizagem de Física articulando dois referenciais teóricos de análise: um referencial epistemológico - a teoria sobre modelos de M. Bunge - e um referencial cognitivo - A Teoria dos Campos Conceituais de G. Vergnaud. Ao discutir aproximações e distanciamentos entre as visões desses autores, apontamos a compatibilidade entre as suas compreensões sobre a natureza do conhecimento e sobre a relação entre o conhecimento e seu referente, que constitui um aspecto-chave da modelização. Concluímos que esses dois referenciais teóricos podem ser articulados e defendemos que essa articulação pode contribuir para avançar no entendimento de como os estudantes conceitualizam o processo de modelização e os próprios conceitos científicos na aprendizagem científico-escolar.
DO CUIDADO COM O BEBÊ AO CUIDADO COM O EDUCADOR
Authors: Wiles Jamille Mateus , Ferrari Andrea Gabriela
Published: March 2020

RESUMO Este trabalho foi construído a partir da experiência de acompanhamento de educadoras e bebês em instituições de educação infantil e do trabalho com psicologia escolar. O olhar sobre o cuidado, inicialmente dirigido ao bebê, foi apontando para o cuidado dirigido à educadora. Foram escolhidas para este trabalho as experiências vivenciadas junto a duas educadoras de instituições de educação infantil em duas cidades do Rio Grande do Sul. As educadoras foram acompanhadas semanalmente através da Metodologia IRDI. Os dados foram coletados a partir de diário de campo e entrevistas. O “estar com” o educador de berçário, em sua cena de trabalho, destacou-se como fundamental. O acompanhamento do pesquisador-psicanalista presente também com seu corpo, isto é, participando do cotidiano das educadoras e bebês, apontou para inúmeras possibilidades de intervenções. Como possibilidades de cuidado com o cuidador-educador, propomos o cuidado como presença implicada-reservada, o cuidado da experiência e o cuidado de si.
Oficinas em saúde do trabalhador: ação educativa e produção dialógica de conhecimento sobre trabalho docente em universidade pública
Authors: Souza Kátia Reis de , Rodrigues Andréa Maria dos Santos , Santos Maria Blandina Marques dos , Felix Eliana Guimarães , Barbosa Regina Helena Simões , Fernandez Verônica Silva , Barros Walcyr de Oliveira
Published: March 2020

Resumo Objetivo: analisar a abordagem metodológica “Oficinas em saúde do trabalhador” e seus resultados acerca das relações entre trabalho docente e saúde em universidade pública. Métodos: pesquisa social de caráter qualitativo e de natureza pedagógica e participativa. “Oficinas em saúde do trabalhador” são espaços onde trabalhadores e pesquisadores discutem temas de trabalho relacionados à saúde, pautados em investigação participativa e pedagogia freireana e em fundamentos do campo da Saúde do Trabalhador, principalmente o modelo operário de conhecimento e a teoria de Gramsci. Foram realizadas quatro reuniões com oito docentes pertencentes ao mesmo instituto de uma universidade federal localizada no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Resultados: no plano epistemológico, analisaram-se importantes temas acerca do trabalho e da saúde docentes, sendo eles: precarização da infraestrutura universitária e as condições de trabalho docente; relações coletivas e conflitos; sentidos e ambivalência do trabalho docente; queixas de saúde e intensificação do trabalho. Conclusão: este estudo possibilitou o desenvolvimento de abordagem metodológica de caráter dialógico e participativo. Embora o estudo esteja circunscrito a um pequeno grupo, o método propiciou identificar e analisar importantes aspectos do trabalho e da saúde docente que constatam transformações no trabalho em universidade, apontando para a necessidade de estudos de maior alcance.
Impact of large reservoirs on simulated discharges of Brazilian rivers
Authors: Passaia Otávio Augusto , Siqueira Vinícius Alencar , Brêda João Paulo Lyra Fialho , Fleischmann Ayan Santos , Paiva Rodrigo Cauduro Dias de
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT Tens of thousands of dams were built around the world to reduce flood risks, produce energy, and maximize benefits of limited freshwater resources. In Brazil, the main and largest reservoirs are related to hydropower plants. Improving the understanding of reservoir dynamics is important not only to evaluate their impact in the flow regime of Brazilian rivers, but also to simulate the combined effect of constructing new dams and potential alterations under future climatic conditions. Here, we analyze how an ideal representation of reservoirs in terms of forced discharge would improve a previously calibrated hydrological model under the Brazilian domain. We forced the continental-scale version of the MGB model on observed reservoir outflows from 109 hydropower dams, which are part of the Brazilian National Interconnected System controlled by the National Electrical System Operator. Model simulated flows were replaced by the reservoir outflows in all dam locations and were compared to the original discharge in downstream gauges. The forced discharge simulation presented a mean improvement for Kling-Gupta Efficiency of 21%, when compared to the original model (naturalized flow). This analysis is a preliminary step towards an explicit representation of the reservoirs in the model, what will be conducted in a future study.
Species of Anisakidae nematodes and Clinostomum spp. infecting lisa Mugil curema (Mugilidae) intended for human consumption in Mexico
Authors: Rodríguez Nydia Edith Reyes , Sánchez Vicente Vega , Anda Fabián Ricardo Gómez de , Reyna Patricia Beatriz García , Rosa Luis González de la , Zepeda-Velázquez Andrea Paloma
Published: March 2020

Abstract Anisakisspp. nematodes are potentially zoonotic parasites; that infects a wide variety of aquatic species worldwide, with marine fish being the paratenic hosts. The aim of study was identify the presence of Anisakidae nematodes, and other parasites in Mugil curema . A total of 96 M . curema obtained from local markets in Tulancingo, Hidalgo, Mexico, were analyzed by necropsy. Only five M . curema present nematode collection in epaxial muscle. The tissues with the highest prevalence of parasites were identified, and samples of epaxial muscle with larval migration analyzed by histopathology. Visible parasites in necropsy tissues were classified according to their morphology. Nematode found in the liver were Contracaecum spp. (41.17%) and Pseudoterranova spp. third stage (7.36%); in the caudal part of the kidney were Anisakis spp. (13.23%), Pseudoterranova spp. third stage (11.77%) and Contracaecum spp. (5.88%); and in epaxial muscle were Anisakis spp. Larva I (5.88%) and Pseudoterranova spp (4.42%). In one fish, Clinostomum spp. was detected in epaxial caudal muscle. The present work reports for the first time the presence of nematodes of the family Anisakidae and Clinostonum spp. metacercariae, with zoonotic potential, in M . curema intended for human consumption in Tulancingo, Hidalgo, Mexico.
Phyllodistomum vaili(Plagiorchiida: Gorgoderidae) infecting Parupeneus rubescens (Perciformes: Mullidae): morphology and phylogeny
Authors: Abdel-Gaber Rewaida , Quraishy Saleh Al , Dkhil Mohamed Abdel Monem , Hawsah Maysar Abu , Alghamdi Masheil , Althomali Arwa , Bakr Lamia , Maher Sherein , El-Mallah Almahy
Published: March 2020

Abstract Knowledge of the Arabian Gulf fish’s parasite fauna is very poor. Until recently, only scattered reports from different locations are known for ecto- and endoparasites. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the digenean species that infects one of the most economically fish species in the Arabian Gulf, the rosy goatfish Parupeneus rubescens . One plagiorchiid species has been described, belonging to the Gorgoderidae family, and has been named as Phyllodistomum vaili Ho, Bray, Cutmore, Ward & Cribb, 2014 based on its morphological and morphometric characteristics. In order to accurately classify and characterize this plagiorchiid species, molecular analysis was carried out using both nuclear 18S and 28S rRNA gene regions and revealed that the present plagiorchiid species was associated with other species belonging to the Gorgoderidae family and deeply embedded in the Phyllodistomum genus, closely related to the previously described P. vaili (gb| KF013187.1, KF013173.1). The present study therefore revealed that the species Phyllodistomum is the first account as endoparasites from the rosy goatfish inhabiting the Arabian Gulf.
Eficiência na aplicação de recursos de royalties de petróleo: identificação dos municípios brasileiros de referência
Authors: Portulhak Henrique , Raffaelli Susana Cipriano Dias , Scarpin Jorge Eduardo
Published: March 2020

Em um contexto que apresenta a oportunidade de discussão acadêmica sobre a qualidade do recebimento das receitas de royalties de petróleo e sobre a eficiência na aplicação desses recursos, esta investigação teve como objetivo identificar os municípios brasileiros receptores de royalties de petróleo que podem ser considerados referência na aplicação dos recursos orçamentários. A relevância do estudo reside nas discussões acadêmicas e políticas sobre o tema geradas a partir da descoberta de grandes reservas de petróleo no território brasileiro e as consequentes alterações na legislação sobre o modelo de partilha desses recursos. Utilizou-se o instrumento Data Envelopment Analysis, modelo CCR, para verificação da eficiência na alocação dos recursos públicos de 115 municípios localizados em toda a extensão territorial brasileira, considerando como variáveis-insumo as receitas tributárias e as receitas de transferências correntes, e como variável-produto o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal, o que foi precedido por uma análise de clusters. Os resultados indicaram que mais de 70% dos municípios estudados possuem escore de eficiência abaixo de 0,4, sugerindo acentuada diferença entre os resultados alcançados pelos municípios benchmark e os demais municípios não localizados na fronteira de eficiência, o que coaduna com estudos anteriores que apontam indícios de que os recursos destinados para a minimização dos efeitos das externalidades negativas provenientes das atividades de extração de petróleo possam não estar gerando os resultados desejados quanto à melhoria no desenvolvimento humano de seus receptores.
Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesinde badem ağaçlarında görülen bazı virüs hastalıklarının saptanması ve karakterizasyonu
Authors: Yegül Mahmut , Baloğlu Saadettin
Published: March 2020

Son yıllarda Akdeniz ülkelerinde olduğu gibi ülkemizde de badem üretimi yıldan yıla artış eğilimine girmiştir. Tüm bitkilerde olduğu gibi bademlerde de virüs hastalıklarından dolayı kayıplar meydana gelmektedir. Bu çalışma ile Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesindeki badem alanlarında ekonomik olarak zarar yapan Prune dwarf virus (PDV), Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), Plum pox virus (PPV), Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) ve Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV)’un bölgemizdeki dağılımı araştırılarak, moleküler ve biyolojik karakterizasyonu yapılmıştır. 2012-2016 yılları arasında yapılan sürvey çalışmalarında, Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesindeki 5 ilden toplam 605 adet badem örneği toplanıp DAS-ELISA testine tabi tutulmuştur. Toplanan 605 badem örneğinden 169 tanesi (% 27,93) en az bir virüsle enfekteli bulunmuştur. Bunlardan, Adana ilinde toplanan 129 badem örneğinin 26’sı (%20,16), Mersin’de 299 örneğin 90’ı (%30,10), Kahramanmaraş’ta 71 örneğin 11’i (%15,49), Hatay’da 89 örneğin 34’ü (%38,20) ve Osmaniye’de 17 örneğin 8’i (%47,06) en az bir virüs ile enfekteli bulunmuştur. Test edilen örneklerde PNRSV %64, PDV %18, ACLSV %11 ve karışık enfeksiyon %7 oranında tespit edilmiş, ApMV, PPV ve CLRV ise tespit edilememiştir. Enfekteli badem izolatlarından, kılıf protein genini içeren gen bölgesi RT-PCR ile çoğaltılarak PNRSV için 616 bp, PDV için 862 bp ve ACLSV için 358 bp’lik bantlar elde edilmiştir. Badem izolatlarının NCBI’a kayıtlı dünya PNRSV izolatları ile %97-99, PDV izolatları ile %87-96, ACLSV izolatları ile %81-96 oranında nükleotit düzeyde benzerlik gösterdiğinden bu etmenlerin bitki materyallerinin ticaretinden dolayı yayıldığı düşünülmektedir.
Screening of some plant pathogenic fungi for the presence of dsRNA mycoviruses
Authors: Hosseinalizadeh Sahra , Erincik Ömer , Açıkgöz Serap
Published: March 2020

Mycoviruses can infect many fungi and some may cause hypovirulence, which is a common phenomenon used in the biological control of certain fungal diseases of the plants. The most successful example regarding the use of mycoviruses and hypovirulent strains in biological control is the chestnut blight. In this study, the isolates of fungi, namely Phomopsis viticola from grapevine, Verticillium dahliae from cotton and olive, Rhizoctonia solani from cotton and Leucostoma spp., from cherry were screened for the presence of dsRNA mycoviruses. Isolation of dsRNAs was performed and dsRNA bands were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Putative dsRNA bands were detected in eight of 80 P. viticola isolates from grapevine, one of 50 V. dahliae isolates from olive, three of 50 V. dahliae isolates from cotton, six of 50 R. solani isolates from cotton and three of 50 Leucostoma spp., isolates from cherry. The estimated molecular sizes of the dsRNAs ranged from approximately 12.0 to 20.0 kb.
The Structure of Cross-Linguistic Differences: Meaning and Context of ‘Readability’ and its Russian Equivalent ‘Chitabelnost’
Authors: Solnyshkina Marina I. , Harkova Elena V. , Kazachkova Maria B.
Published: March 2020

The article presents the results of an original study aimed at finding (1) frequency fluctuations of the term ‘readability’ in American discourse and its Russian equivalent ‘chitabelnost’ in Russian discourse over the period from 1920s to the present; and (2) semantic similarities and differences between the English term ‘readability’ and its Russian equivalent ‘chitabelnost’ over the same period of time. A contrastive analysis of the words testified to inconsiderable differences in the semantic structures of the terms in the period under study: the term ‘readability’ has been used with the following meanings: (1) ‘the quality of being legible or decipherable’ and (2) ‘the quality of being easy or enjoyable to read’. The Russian equivalent ‘chitabelnost’ has two contemporary meanings similar to the aforementioned English meanings as well as the obsolete ‘library book checkouts’. With the help of the Google NgramViewer, we identified the 1980s frequency peak of both terms when the modern notion of the concepts was formed. The research into the topical context of readability as ‘the quality of being easy or enjoyable to read’ demonstrated empiricist tendencies in American studies focused on two types of parameters, i.e. the ‘objective’ parameters of texts, i.e. sentence length, word counts, number of high/low frequency words, ratio of high/low frequency words to total words, sentence complexity, etc. and ‘individual’ variables affecting a potential reader, such as ‘word familiarity’, cognitive and linguistic abilities, cultural and topic knowledge, etc. The Russian school’s view, until the 1970s, had traditionally been more holistic and ‘biased’ towards an individuals’ factors. The results of the study have the potential to contribute to cross-linguistic research in the area of text readability assessment, semantics, and scientific literature searches.
ORIENTING POINTSOF MODERN POLYCULTURAL EDUCATION
Authors: Zhai Shi
Published: March 2020

The article deals with the orienting points of multicultural education in the modern educational space. Emphasis is placed on the social upbringing of an individual in the context of cultural dialogue; education of tolerance and taking into account the reli- gious and ethnic culture of the individual; mastering the universal values of world and national culture; fostering a culture of international communication. The author focuses on the main features of multicultural education as an important way of forming certain social-educational and value-oriented inclinations, communicative and empathic skills that allow a person to carry out intercultural interaction, and to show understanding of other cultures, tolerance towards them.

On the basis of the conducted research the author's vision of the essence of multicultural education of the modern personali- ty is formed, in particular purposeful socialization of the personality, which necessarily includes assimilation of samples and values of world culture, cultural-historical and social experience of different countries and peoples; formation of social-attitudinal and value-oriented qualities of a person capable of effective intercultural communication, as well as development of tolerance towards other countries, peoples, cultures and social groups; active social interaction. with representatives of different cultures while maintaining their own cultural identity.

The goals, principles, functions of multicultural education in the theory and practice of educational process are considered.
INNOVATIONS AND THEIR INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATIONS: APPROACH TO BUILDING A NEW TYPOLOGY
Authors: Trachuk A. V. , Linder N. V.
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of research in the field of typology and classification of innovations. We consider three types of classification the second innovation: the classification by type of innovation and application; classification of innovations by degree of novelty and level of change; rating by innovation. The article proposes a fourth approach to classifying innovations as possible to manage them. The signs of controllability for classification are highlighted:

•             adaptability (degree to which the innovation can be changed to satisfy requirements),

•             applicability (level of use of innovation in multiple settings),

•             relatedness (connected with the main business of the innovator),

•             architecture (shows how much innovation should be built into the system for application (or can be used independently without rebuilding the entire system as a whole),

•             autonomy (to be able to use innovation regardless of other novelties),

•             centeredness (reflects the level to which innovations can influence operations that are critical to organizational effectiveness),

•             sociability (the degree to which individual aspects of innovation nations can be transferred to others to form a positive attitude towards its adoption),

•             compatibility (the degree to which innovation is perceived as consistent with existing values, experience and the needs of potential followers).

The types and classifications of product, technological (process), marketing, organizational and managerial innovations are examined. The so-called simulative innovations are separately considered. The analysis of the innovation activity of industrial companies made it possible to single out another new type – “value” innovations, which is the main theoretical contribution of this work.
Individually-personal factors of pension stress in representatives of the intellectual type of professions
Authors: Berezina T.N. , Rybtsova N.N. , Rybtsov S.A. , Fatianov G.V.
Published: March 2020

The article introduces data from the study of the severity of social anxiety caused by the expectation of retirement and subsequent retirement; highlights signs of retirement stress: acceleration of biological aging, the discrepancy of psychological and biological age. It also regards individual-personal factors of biopsychological aging. The article presents the results of an empirical study of the biopsychological age of people – Russians by origin – pursuing intel-lectual professions and living in the European Union and in Russia. All the participants were continuing their research activity and were aged from 32 to 70 years, both living in Russia (n=101, women, 62), and having migrated to the European Union countries (n=101, women 56). Methods of assessing biological age with regard on health indicators, subjective psychological age, as well as the questionnaire of life path were applied. The results showed that in Russian sample the signs of retirement stress are more pronounced: the subjects have an acceleration of biological aging at the age of 51–65 years. The personal strategies for preventing retirement stress and maintaining relative juvenility, typical for the intellectual occupation professionals, were singled out: for men — democratic working conditions, positive attitude, collaborative non-ambitious non-aggressive behaviour; and for women — wellbeing, respectful partnership in the couple, friendly working conditions; multiple changes of place of residence. However, the difference in relative juvenility strategy for residents in Russian and EU was also observed.
Family resilience in stressful situations of disability in foreign studies
Authors: Odintsova M. , Gusarova E. , Aismontas B.B.
Published: March 2020

A review of foreign studies reflecting the problems of family resilience in the modern world is presented. Special emphasis is placed on studies of family resilience in stressful situations of disability of family members. It is shown that resilience of families having stressful experience of disability includes: 1) a system of family beliefs based on a positive outlook that contribute both to self-recovery after a traumatic experience and acceptance of their vulnerability; 2) patterns of family reactions to diseases allowing them to find life meaning in caring, and respond effectively to challenges of diseases, use adaptive capabilities to counteract violations, and organize themselves; 3) family communication skills and activity in problem solving; 4) family connectedness and flexibility, effective use of external support from social and non-government organizations. The family resilience construct is considered through closely related concepts of individual, family, and social resilience.
Analysis of foreign empirical models of intercultural competence and methods for its evaluation
Authors: Gritsenko V.V. , Khukhlaev O.E. , Pavlova O.S. , Tkachenko N.V. , Usybyan S.A. , Shorokhova V.A.
Published: March 2020

The article presents the first part of the analytical review, which in general includes 14 foreign empirical models of intercultural competences and psychodiagnostic techniques, developed on their basis, which in foreign psychology have been tested for reliability and validity. Nine approaches to intercultural competences have been analyzed and the results of these researches are presented. The article describes the structure of subject-oriented, i.e. focused solely on the assessment of intercultural traits, intercultural relations and worldview, or intercultural possibilities, and mixed models, i.e. combining character traits, worldviews and opportunities.
Вспоминая прошлое и думая о будущем
Authors: Федотова Валентина Гавриловна
Published: March 2020

В статье рассмотрены несколько концепций будущего, выстроенных хронологически и обретающих в связи с этим новые черты преемственности или разрыва с прошлым. Обсуждены меняющиеся тенденции видения будущего в конце XX в. и в начале XXI в. для понимания сегодняшних процессов. Обсуждены некоторые западные и российские научные прогнозы будущего, будущее в концепциях хорошего общества, новые мегатренды будущего.

Статья также посвящена некоторым аспектам методологии прогнозирования. Автор приходит к выводу, что вариантов будущего много, и они не одинаковы для разных обществ и социальных групп. На будущее предпочтительно сегодня смотреть во множественном числе, как на присущее миру разнообразие. Будущие события многообразны, дискурсивны, чаще всего непредвидимы, непредставимы, неузнаваемы. Единственное, что мы можем определенно сказать о будущем, это не предсказать его, а подумать, какого будущего мы хотим.

По мнению автора, при всем многообразии подходов к изучению будущего в качестве самых новых и работающих можно выделить два: мегатренды и история будущего. Наш прогноз состоит в том, что история будущего превратится в истории будущего из-за многообразия культур и альтернативных сценариев и из-за многообразия мегатрендов, которые будут по-разному преломляться в различных регионах.
Method for Determination of Focal Mechanisms of Magnitude 2.5–4.0 Earthquakes Recorded by a Sparse Regional Seismic Network
Authors: Dahal Nawa R. , Ebel John E.
Published: March 2020

Focal mechanisms of earthquakes with magnitudes Mw 4.0 and less recorded by a sparse seismic network are usually poorly constrained due to the lack of an appropriate method applicable to finding these parameters with a sparse set of observations. We present a new method that can accurately determine focal mechanisms of earthquakes with Mw (3.70–3.04) using data from a few regional seismic stations. We filter the observed seismograms as well as synthetic seismograms through a frequency band of 1.5–2.5 Hz, which has a good signal-to-noise ratio for small earthquakes of the magnitudes with which we are working. The waveforms are processed to their envelopes to make the waveforms relatively simple for modeling. To find the optimal focal mechanism for an event, a nonlinear moment tensor inversion in addition to a coarse grid search over the possible dip, rake, and strike angles at a fixed value of focal depth and a fixed value of scalar moment is performed. We tested the method on 18 aftershocks of Mw (3.70–2.60) of the 2011 Mw 5.7 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake and on five aftershocks of Mw (3.62–2.63) of the 2013 Mw 4.5 Ladysmith, Quebec, earthquake. Our method obtains accurate focal mechanisms for 16 out of the 21 events that have previously reported focal mechanisms. Tests of our method for different crustal models show that event focal mechanism determinations vary with an average Kagan angle of 30° with the different crustal models. This means that the event focal mechanism determinations are only somewhat sensitive to the uncertainties in the crustal models tested. This study confirms that our method of modeling envelopes of seismic waveforms can be used to extract accurate focal mechanisms of earthquakes with short-time functions (Mw<4.0) using at least three regional seismic network stations at epicentral distances of 60–350 km.
Use of Discrete Orthonormal S-Transform to Simulate Earthquake Ground Motions
Authors: Cui Xi Zhong , Hong Han Ping
Published: March 2020

The S-transform and discrete orthonormal S-transform (DOST) produce time–frequency representations, which is in contrast to the wavelet transformations. Similar in the Fourier transform, the use of the S-transform and DOST provides frequency-dependent resolution with absolutely referenced phase information. Although the decomposed signal using DOST is expressed as a sum of orthonormal basis function, this is not the case if the S-transform is used. In the present study, a procedure to simulate nonstationary ground motions based on DOST is proposed based on a seed record or given a target amplitude of DOST coefficients. It is shown that the model has zero mean, and its variance equals the assigned target. Using five real records, each from a larger earthquake, the application of the DOST and S-transform to the records is carried out. Although the time–frequency resolution obtained from DOST is coarse as compared to that obtained using the S-transform, its use identifies clearly time–frequency characteristics. Samples of ground motions are simulated using the proposed method based on the amplitude of the DOST coefficients of a seed record or on the average amplitude of the DOST coefficients of a set of actual records. The comparison of the time–frequency resolution, Fourier spectrum, time-varying power distribution, and response spectrum of the simulated and seed records indicates that the proposed simulation model is a useful and practical tool to simulate nonstationary ground motions.
Characterization of Spall in Hard Rock from Observations and Simulations of the Source Physics Experiment Phase I
Authors: Ford Sean R. , Vorobiev Oleg Y.
Published: March 2020

Spall signals from the Source Physics Experiments are presented, analyzed, and modeled for insight to the explosion source. The observed signal is similar in nature to nearby historical nuclear explosions, and the surface force-time history or velocity can be interpreted with the same model. We use the models for peak spall velocity, spalled mass, and spall depth and radius derived from historical nuclear explosions to parameterize the physical force-time history model from Stump (1985) and show that this parameterized model can be used for spall prediction. The spall signal is also investigated with a numerical continuum model that incorporates gravity. Peak velocity and dwell time are well predicted, and the multiple slap-down phases are captured if one includes a weak near-surface layer similar to the geologic observation.
Regionally Optimized Background Earthquake Rates from ETAS (ROBERE) for Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment
Authors: Llenos Andrea L. , Michael Andrew J.
Published: March 2020

We use an epidemic-type aftershock sequence (ETAS) based approach to develop a regionally optimized background earthquake rates from ETAS (ROBERE) method for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment. ROBERE fits parameters to the full seismicity catalog for a region with maximum-likelihood estimation, including uncertainty. It then averages the earthquake rates over a suite of catalogs from which foreshocks and aftershocks have been removed using stochastic declustering while maintaining the same Gaussian smoothing currently used for the U.S. Geological Survey National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM). The NSHM currently determines these rates by smoothing a single catalog from which foreshocks and aftershocks have been removed using the method of Gardner and Knopoff (1974; hereafter, GK74). The parameters used in GK74 were determined from subjectively identified aftershock sequences, unlike ROBERE, in which both background rate and aftershock triggering parameters are objectively fitted. A major difference between the impacts of the two methods is GK74 significantly reduces the b-value, a critical value for seismic hazard analysis, whereas ROBERE maintains the original b-value from the full catalog. We apply these methods to the induced seismicity in Oklahoma and Kansas and tectonic activity in the San Francisco Bay Region. Using GK74 gives lower overall earthquake rates but estimates higher hazard due to the reduction in the b-value. ROBERE provides higher earthquake rates, at the magnitude of completeness, but lower hazard because it does not alter the b-value. We test two other declustering methods that produce results closer to ROBERE but do not use objectively fit parameters, include uncertainty, and may not work as well in other areas. We suggest adopting ROBERE for the NSHM so that our hazard estimates are based on an objective analysis, including uncertainty, and do not depend strongly on potentially biased b-values, which was never the goal of the existing methodology.
Stres berhubungan dengan atensi pada siswa sekolah menegah atas
Authors: Nurhasanah Nurhasanah , Meiyanti Meiyanti
Published: March 2020

LATAR BELAKANGAtensi merupakan komponen kecil dalam tahap memori saat seseorang melakukan proses berpikir. Bila terdapat gangguan pada atensi, maka seseorang akan sulit untuk menerima atau mempelajari hal yang baru. Atensi dipengaruhi oleh berbagai situasi, salah satunya adalah stres. Stres merupakan masalah umum yang terjadi dalam kehidupan manusia dan menjadi bagian hidup yang tidak dapat dielakkan. Siswa sekolahpun dapat mengalami stres yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap atensi dan mempengaruhi tingkat prestasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan stres dengan atensi pada siswa sekolah menengah atas.

METODEPenelitian ini merupakan studi observasional dengan desain cross sectional yang mengikusertakan 173 siswa sekolah menengah atas. Responden diperoleh dengan teknik cluster sampling. Stres diukur dengan menggunakan perceive stress scale dan atensi diukur dengan menggunakan digit span test. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-square untuk mengetahui hubungan antara stres dengan atensi.

HASILDidapatkan jumlah responden sebanyak 173 orang dengan 26% siswa dengan tingkat atensi yang buruk dan 28.3% yang mengalami stres. Dari hasil analisis bivariat terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara stres dengan atensi pada siswa sekolah menengah atas (p=0.000).

KESIMPULANTerdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara stres dengan atensi pada siswa sekolah menengah atas.
Classification of Psychogenic and Laryngeal Voice Diseases Based on Teager Energy Operator
Authors: Hammami İmen
Published: March 2020

Among several ways of communication, the voice remains the fastest
natural tool for human-to-human and human-to-machine communication. That is why
the research in automatic voice pathology detection and classification area has
gained much interest in the recent years. Indeed, these automatic systems may
be considered as assistive tools for the physicians during the assessment
stage. This latter may help them to make decision, whether the voice signal
belongs to a healthy or unhealthy subject and identifies the nature of
pathology. In this context, this paper provides a voice pathology detection and
classification system based on wavelet analysis and Teager Energy Operator
(TEO). First, we used the input voice signal that we taken from Saarbrücken
Voice Database (SVD) [1], to extract a set of features. These feature vectors
are fed into a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) [2] for the sake of classification.
The obtained results are 96.66% for the detection task and 92.5 % using TEO.
These results show that our proposal outperforms some state-of-art methods used
in voice pathology identification.
Research on Brain Signals via Artificial Neural Network and Swarm Intelligence Algorithms
Authors: Yildirim Sema , Koçer Hasan Erdinç , Ekmekci A.hakan
Published: March 2020

Artificial
Neural Networks (ANNs) that are the ability to learn from theirs environment in
order to improve their performance are widely used in numerous applications. The
Backpropagation (BP) Algorithm is one of the most popular and effective model
of ANNs. However, since it uses gradient descent algorithm which attempts to
minimize the error of the network by moving gradient of the error curve, easily
get trapped at local minima. To avoid this problem, we proposed an ANNs and Swarm
Intelligence (SI) method, where Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and Particle Swarm
Optimization (PSO) algorithms were operated for the Multilayer Perceptron
Neural Network (MLPNN) weights update. Two Electroencephalogram (EEG) datasets
were used to test the success of all algorithms including ABC-MLPNN, PSO-MLPNN and
conventional-MLPNN. Compared to conventional-MLPNN, higher success values were
obtained on each dataset with the proposed methods. Experimental results demonstrate that combined SI and MLPNN
algorithm has been increased the success of BP algorithm by avoiding local
minima.
Hot Potatoes activities to improve grammatical accuracy across different proficiency courses
Authors: Villarreal Izaskun , Gómez Lacabex Esther , Gallardo del Puerto Francisco , Martínez Adrián María , Gutiérrez-Mangado M. Juncal
Published: March 2020

Few studies have gauged the effects of Computer Assisted Language Learning –CALL– on the verbal accuracy of students. The current study explores the use of Hot Potatoes JCloze-type exercises as supplementary classroom work to enhance the English tense accuracy of university students enrolled in three EFL proficiency level courses -high-intermediate (B2) and advanced (C1 and C2). Tense marking was measured before and after a period of autonomous, self-paced CALL work in which students could access theoretical information and practiced with Hot Potatoes exercises. The comparisons revealed that the experience was mainly beneficial for the C1 level course group, the other two experimenting non-significant gains. Results only partially support a boosting effect of CALL additional practice. They also suggest that proficiency should be taken into consideration as it can affect the effect of treatment as not all the proficiency level courses experienced advantages. Alternatives to improve effectiveness are then suggested.
Odd Generalized N-H Generated Family of Distributions with Application to Exponential Model
Authors: Ahmad Zubair , Elgarhy M. , Hamedani G.G. , Butt Nadeem Shafique
Published: March 2020

A new family of distributions called the odd generalized N-H is introduced and studied. Four new special models are presented. Some mathematical properties of the odd generalized N-H family are studied. Explicit expressions for the moments, probability weighted, quantile function, mean deviation, order statistics and Rényi entropy are investigated. Characterizations based on the truncated moments, hazard function and conditional expectations are presented for the generated family. Parameter estimates of the family are obtained based on maximum likelihood procedure. Two real data sets are employed to show the usefulness of the new family.
Power Comparisons of Five Most Commonly Used Autocorrelation Tests
Authors: Uyanto Stanislaus S.
Published: March 2020

In regression analysis, autocorrelation of the error terms violates the ordinary least squares assumption that the error terms are uncorrelated. The consequence is that the estimates of coefficients and their standard errors will be wrong if the autocorrelation is ignored. There are many tests for autocorrelation, we want to know which test is more powerful. We use Monte Carlo methods to compare the power of five most commonly used tests for autocorrlation, namely Durbin-Watson, Breusch-Godfrey, Box–Pierce, Ljung Box, and Runs tests in two different linear regression models. The results indicate the Durbin-Watson test performs better in the regression model without lagged dependent variable, although the advantage over the other tests reduce with increasing autocorrelation and sample sizes. For the model with lagged dependent variable, the Breusch-Godfrey test is generally superior to the other tests.R code for Power Comparison of the Five Autocorrelation Tests is provided.
The Negative Binomial – Weighted Garima Distribution: Model, Properties and Applications
Authors: Bodhisuwan Winai , Saengthong Pornpop
Published: March 2020

In this paper, a new mixed negative binomial (NB) distribution named as negative binomial-weighted Garima (NB-WG) distribution has been introduced for modeling count data. Two special cases of the formulation distribution including negative binomial- Garima (NB-G) and negative binomial-size biased Garima (NB-SBG) are obtained by setting the specified parameter. Some statistical properties such as the factorial moments, the first four moments, variance and skewness have also been derived. Parameter estimation is implemented using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and real data sets are discussed to demonstrate the usefulness and applicability of the proposed distribution.
Sacrum metastasis in carcinoma gall bladder: an unusual presentation
Authors: Sajeevan Sanjay , Das Biswajyoti , Yanthan Yanpothung , P. K. Naseef , Gupta Sweety , Gupta Amit , Narayan Manishi L. , Gupta Manoj
Published: March 2020

Disseminated blood-borne metastases from carcinoma of the gall bladder are uncommon and usually occur late. The most common site of extra-abdominal metastasis is lung followed by brain. Skeletal metastases in carcinoma gall bladder are very rare. To date there have only been a few case reports of bone metastasis in carcinoma gall bladder at the time of presentation. Authors here present a rare case of carcinoma gall bladder that progressed to isolated sacrum metastasis.
Clinicoepidemiological and laboratory profile of children with severe acute malnutrition admitted to a tertiary care centre
Authors: Bhat Abdus Sami , Qureshi Umer Amin , Nigeen Waseeqa , Bashir Iram , Khursheed Shagufta
Published: March 2020

Background: Severe Acute Malnutrituon (SAM) is a form of malnutrition where there is an imminent threat of death to the child. The chances of complications are very high and in most case child requires hospitalization for stabilization and rehabiliatation. Objective of study the clinicoepidemiological and laboratory profile of children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) admitted to a Nutritional Rehabilitation Centre (NRC) of our hospital.Methods: A retrospective chart review of admitted patients. Nutritional Rehabilitation centre (NRC) at GB Pant Hospital Government Medical College Srinagar over a one year period between June 2017 and June 2018.Results: Total of 187 patients of SAM was admitted in NRC during the study period. One hundred and eight (57.7%) were males and 79(42.3%) were females .Patients were equally among various districts. Infants (<12months) constituted the majority of admissions (54.5%). Marasmus was by far the commonest phenotype presenting as SAM (85.5%).Respiratory comorbidity was the commonest present in about  41 (26.3%) followed by daiarrhea in  32(20.5%). Delayed initiation of complimentary feeding was found in 75(40.1%) while early weaning was found in another 55 children (29.4%). Birth order more than three was present in 92 children (49%). Mother’s literacy status had a direct bearing on the prevalence of SAM. Most of the children were from rural background (75%).Most belonged to low economic and income class as around 65.2% had a very meager  family income.Conclusions: SAM is more common in Infants and in children from rural background. It is highly associated with faulty feeding practices including lack of breast feeding and presence of mixed and faulty feeding. It is also associated with increasing birth order, low maternal education and low family income Pneumonia and diarrhea are leading comorbidities. Hypoglycemia and hypothermia are leading complications.  Marasmus is the commonest phenotype.