bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lasting effects of prenatal exposure to Cannabis in the retina of the offspring: an experimental study in mice
Authors: Zantut Paulo Roberto Arruda , Veras Mariana Matera , Benevenutto Sarah Gomes Menezes , Safatle Angélica Mendonça Vaz , Pecora Ricardo Augusto , Yariwake Victor Yuji , Torres Janaina Iannicelli , Sakuno Gustavo , Martins Marco Antonio Garcia , Bolzan Aline Adriana , Takahashi Walter Yukihiko , Saldiva Paulo Hilario Nascimento , Damico Francisco Max
Published: June 2021

Background

Prenatal exposure to Cannabis is a worldwide growing problem. Although retina is part of the central nervous system, the impact of maternal Cannabis use on the retinal development and its postnatal consequences remains unknown. As the prenatal period is potentially sensitive in the normal development of the retina, we hypothesized that recreational use of Cannabis during pregnancy may alter retina structure in the offspring. To test this, we developed a murine model that mimics human exposure in terms of dose and use.

Methods

Pregnant BalbC mice were exposed daily for 5 min to Cannabis smoke (0.2 g of Cannabis) or filtered air, from gestational day 5 to 18 (N = 10/group). After weaning period, pups were separated and examined weekly. On days 60, 120, 200, and 360 after birth, 10 pups from each group were randomly selected for Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) analysis of the retina. All retina layers were measured and inner, outer, and total retina thickness were calculated. Other 37 mice from both groups were sacrificed on days 20, 60, and 360 for retinal stereology (total volume of the retina and volume fraction of each retinal layer) and light microscopy. Means and standard deviations were calculated and MANOVA was performed.

Results

The retina of animals which mother was exposed to Cannabis during gestation was 17% thinner on day 120 (young adult) than controls (P = 0.003) due to 21% thinning of the outer retina (P = 0.001). The offspring of mice from the exposed group presented thickening of the IS/OS in comparison to controls on day 200 (P < 0.001). In the volumetric analyzes by retinal stereology, the exposed mice presented transitory increase of the IS/OS total volume and volume fraction on day 60 (young adult) compared to controls (P = 0.008 and P = 0.035, respectively). On light microscopy, exposed mice presented thickening of the IS/OS on day 360 (adult) compared to controls (P = 0.03).

Conclusion

Gestational exposure to Cannabis smoke may cause structural changes in the retina of the offspring that return to normal on mice adulthood. These experimental evidences suggest that children and young adults whose mothers smoked Cannabis during pregnancy may require earlier and more frequent clinical care than the non-exposed population.
Surgical management of tentorial meningiomas: case series
Authors: Soffar Hussein Mohammed , El Shimy Mohamed Mohsen , Al-Shami Hieder , Salah Ahmed M.
Published: June 2021

Background

There are several surgical strategies involved in the treatment of patients with tentorial meningioma, and choosing the most appropriate one is not straight forward. Our study aims to illustrate our experience in the management of tentorial meningiomata at our center.

Results

This study included 32 patients with tentorial meningiomas, operated upon, with assessment of the extent of resection and the Glasgow outcome score (GOS). The mean age at the time of surgery for the studied group was 48.4 years ranging from 20 to 70 years. Total removal was considered as Simpson grade I or II and was achieved in 26 cases (81.25%). Subtotal removal was considered as Simpson grade III or IV and was achieved in 6 cases (18.75%). The final Glasgow outcome score (GOS) for all cases was GOS 1 in 4 cases (12.5%), GOS 4 in 9 cases (28.2%), and GOS 5 in 19 cases (59.3%).

Conclusion

Tentorial meningiomas can be very challenging during surgery due to their proximity to vital structures. Subtotal resection should be considered when total removal can be hazardous to the patient or result in severe morbidity.
Study of cognitive impairment and genetic polymorphism of SLC41A1 (rs11240569 allele) in Parkinson’s disease in Upper Egypt: case-control study
Authors: El-Tallawy Hamdy N. , Saleem Tahia H. , Farghaly Wafaa M. , Eldien Heba Mohamed Saad , Khodaery Ashraf , Sayed Sherif A. , Helaly Ahmed A. , Elnady Hassan Mohammed
Published: June 2021

Background

Parkinson’s disease is one of the neurodegenerative disorders that is caused by genetic and environmental factors or interaction between them. Solute carrier family 41 member 1 within the PARK16 locus has been reported to be associated with Parkinson’s disease. Cognitive impairment is one of the non-motor symptoms that is considered a challenge in Parkinson’s disease patients. This study aimed to investigate the association of rs11240569 polymorphism; a synonymous coding variant in SLC41A1 in Parkinson’s disease patients in addition to the assessment of cognitive impairment in those patients.

Results

In a case -control study, rs11240569 single nucleotide polymorphisms in SLC41A1, genes were genotyped in 48 Parkinson’s disease patients and 48 controls. Motor and non-motor performance in Parkinson's disease patients were assessed by using the Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). The genotype and allele frequencies were compared between the two groups and revealed no significant differences between case and control groups for rs11240569 in SLC41A1 gene with P value .523 and .54, respectively. Cognition was evaluated and showed the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of WAIS score of PD patients 80.4 ± 9.13 and the range was from 61 to 105, in addition to MMSE that showed mean ± SD 21.96 ± 3.8.

Conclusion

Genetic testing of the present study showed that rs11240569 polymorphism of SLC41A1 gene has no significant differences in distributions of alleles and genotypes between cases and control group, in addition to cognitive impairment that is present in a large proportion of PD patients and in addition to the strong correlation between cognitive impairment and motor and non-motor symptoms progression.
Impact of depression on quality of life in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Khedr Eman M. , Gamal Rania M. , Rashad Sounia M. , Yacoub Mary , Ahmed Gellan K.
Published: June 2021

Background

Depression is common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is an unmeasured risk factor, yet its symptoms can be neglected in standard disease evaluations. The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency and the impact of depression on quality of life in SLE patients. We recruited 32 patients with SLE and 15 healthy control volunteers in the study. The following investigations were undertaken in each patient: clinical and rheumatologic assessment, SLE Disease Activity Index-2k (SLEDAI-2k), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire, and routine laboratory tests.

Results

There was a high percentage of depression (46.9%) in the SLE patients. Regarding quality of life (SF-36), there were significant affection of the physical and mental composite summary domains (PCS and MCS) scores in lupus patients compared with controls (P < 0.000 for both) with the same significant in depressed compared with non-depressed patients. SF-36 subscales (physical function, limit emotional, emotional wellbeing, and social function) were significantly affected in depressed lupus patients compared with non-depressed patients. There was a significant negative correlation between the score of MCS domain of SF-36 with BDI (P < 0.000) while positive correlation between SLEDAI score with depression score. In contrast, there were no significant correlations between MCS or PCS with age, duration of illness, or SLEDAI-2K.

Conclusions

Depression is common in SLE patients and had a negative impact on quality of life particularly on MCS domain and positive correlation with disease severity score.

Trial registration

This study was registered on clinical trial with registration number: NCT03165682 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03165682 on 24 May 2017.
Participating in the scientific publication process: exploring how pre-college students perceive publication within the scientific enterprise
Authors: Fankhauser Sarah C. , Reid Gwendolynne , Mirzoyan Gwendolyn , Meaders Clara , Ho-Shing Olivia
Published: June 2021

Scientists spend a substantial amount of their time engaging with the primary literature: reading, constructing, reviewing and revising it. Yet, the role of primary literature is generally absent from the development of scientific inquiry skills in the pre-college science classroom, thus undermining a true understanding of what it means to do science. In this study, we examined middle and high school student perceptions of scientific inquiry and the role of disciplinary literacy practices after engaging in scientific review and publication of their research papers. We interviewed twelve students who published their papers in the Journal of Emerging Investigators, a science journal dedicated to publishing the research of middle and high school students. Students acknowledged the important roles that effective communication, scientific review, and revision played in their research projects. Further, after engaging with professional scientists through the scientific review process, students expressed increased confidence and belonging as a scientist. However, students primarily viewed the writing and publication processes as personal endpoints for their projects rather than an integral part of all stages of scientific inquiry and knowledge construction. If students are to develop an understanding of how reading, writing, and peer-review are critical pieces of doing science, then our work suggests that disciplinary literacy practices should be explicitly discussed and included in all parts of the research process. While not all students will be motivated to publish their research, our work has important implications for integrating disciplinary literacy practices into student scientific inquiry.
A clinical case series of COVID-19-associated acute limb ischemia: real-world situation
Authors: Surya Steven Philip , Santoso Rony Marethianto
Published: June 2021

Background

COVID-19 was a trending topic all year long in 2020. Currently, it is not only a problem for a pulmonologist since it could cause complications to many other organs, including the cardiovascular system. Recent acute COVID-19 infection state has been associated with hypercoagulation and causing microthrombi called immunothrombus. Acute limb ischemia is one of the rare complications but organ-threatening. Unfortunately, unlike coronary artery disease, there is no recent guideline for cardiologists to diagnose and manage acute limb ischemia in pandemic situations

Case presentation

This case series presented two patients with acute limb injury (ALI)-complicating COVID-19, with chief complaints of pain at their lower extremity. The first patient was an 80-year-old woman who was just dismissed from the hospital due to COVID-19. The distal part of her toe was cyanosed, and her motoric and sensory functions were partially reduced. She was treated with oral drug therapy due to unwillingness to be hospitalized. Interestingly, she had recovered by using oral drug therapy. The second case was a 54-years-old female with several comorbidities such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. She had cyanosed foot and weak arterial pulsation. Unfortunately, she passed away due to acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Conclusion

Several internal and external factors cause ALI treatment to be more challenging in the pandemic COVID-19 situation. The diagnosis and management of ALI in COVID-19 patients may not fully comply with the current guideline and are likely to be affected by local hospital regulations. Clinical follow-up might be an essential feature in treating ALI in COVID-19 patients.
Development and validation of HPLC method for the quantification of clotrimazole in a gelatin film formulation
Authors: Kalshetti Surekha , Rao K. P.
Published: June 2021

Background

Clotrimazole is used to treat topical vaginal yeast infections. Vaginal gelatin film formulations of clotrimazole were prepared, and the present study aims to develop an HPLC method for quantifying clotrimazole in the film formulation.

Results

The chromatographic separation of components was achieved on a Phenomenex Luna C18(2) (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) stationary phase with Phenomenex Security Guard Cartridge C18 (4 × 3 mm) using acetonitrile and water (70:30% v/v) as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and the absorbance was monitored at 210 nm. Clotrimazole was eluted at 5.6 min. The procedures and capabilities of the method were evaluated against the criteria for system suitability, specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness as defined by the ICH guidelines. The method showed good linearity (R2 = 0.999) in the range of 10–50 μg/ml and an average recovery of 101.05%.

Conclusion

The method could be applied for the quantification of clotrimazole in the gelatin film formulation.
Growth, infection and aggressiveness of Phytophthora pathogens on Rhododendron leaves
Authors: Taylor Clare R. , Grünwald Niklaus J.
Published: June 2021

Background

Phytophthora species are well known as important or emerging pathogens. The genus Rhododendron is of considerable importance to plant regulatory agencies because it is host to many Phytophthora species, most notably, P. ramorum and P. kernoviae. Few studies have directly contrasted the epidemiology of different Phytophthora spp. on a given host.

Methods

We investigated aspects of the foliar epidemiology (lesion size, sporulation and temperature responses) of P. cactorum, P. cambivora, P. cinnamomi, P. citrophthora, P. foliorum, P. kernoviae, P. lateralis, P. nemorosa, P. nicotianae, P. plurivora, P. ramorum and P. syringae on Rhododendron in detached leaf, whole plant chamber, and field studies.

Results

P. syringae stood out as it appeared to be a relatively weak pathogen, showing no sporulation and low levels of disease severity, except at low temperatures. P. nicotianae was consistently able to grow at higher temperatures than any of the other Phytophthora spp. and showed higher aggressiveness than any of the other species at high temperatures. P. cinnamomi and P. cactorum, typically thought of as root-infecting species, were able to cause as much foliar disease as P. syringae, a foliar pathogen. P. kernoviae was consistently among the most aggressive species with the highest sporulation.

Conclusion

These results provide novel insights into the comparative epidemiology of these important established and emerging Phytophthora species.
Estimation of strawberry firmness using hyperspectral imaging: a comparison of regression models
Authors: Devassy Binu , George Sony
Published: June 2021

Firmness is one of the most important quality measures of strawberries, and is related to other aspects of the fruit, such as flavour, ripeness and internal characteristics. The most popular method for measuring firmness is puncturing with a penetrometer, which is destructive and time-consuming. In the present study, we make an attempt to predict the firmness of strawberries in a fast, non-destructive and non-contact way using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and data analysis with various regression techniques. The primary goal of this research is to investigate and compare the firmness prediction capability of seven prominent regression techniques. We have performed HSI data acquisition of 150 strawberries and optimised seven regression models using the spectral information to predict strawberry firmness. These models are linear, ridge, lasso, k-neighbours, random forest, support vector and partial least square regression. The res ults show that HSI data with regression models has the potential to predict firmness in a rapid, non-destructive manner. Out of these seven regression models, the k-neighbours regression model outperformed all other methods with a standard error of prediction of 0.14, which is better than that of the state-of-the-art results.
How to Avoid Black Markets for Appointments with Online Booking Systems
Authors: Hakimov Rustamdjan , Heller C.-Philipp , Kübler Dorothea , Kurino Morimitsu
Published: June 2021

Allocating appointment slots is presented as a new application for market design. Online booking systems are commonly used by public authorities to allocate appointments for visa interviews, driver’s licenses, passport renewals, etc. We document that black markets for appointments have developed in many parts of the world. Scalpers book the appointments that are offered for free and sell the slots to appointment seekers. We model the existing first-come-first-served booking system and propose an alternative batch system. The batch system collects applications for slots over a certain time period and then randomly allocates slots to applicants. The theory predicts and lab experiments confirm that scalpers profitably book and sell slots under the current system with sufficiently high demand, but that they are not active in the proposed batch system. We discuss practical issues for the implementation of the batch system and its applicability to other markets with scalping. (JEL C92, D47)
Notching R&D Investment with Corporate Income Tax Cuts in China
Authors: Chen Zhao , Liu Zhikuo , Suárez Serrato Juan Carlos , Xu Daniel Yi
Published: June 2021

We study a Chinese policy that awards substantial tax cuts to firms with R&D investment over a threshold or “notch.” Quasi-experimental variation and administrative tax data show a significant increase in reported R&D that is partly driven by firms relabeling expenses as R&D. Structural estimates show relabeling accounts for 24.2 percent of reported R&D and that doubling R&D would increase productivity by 9 percent. Policy simulations show that firm selection and relabeling determine the cost-effectiveness of stimulating R&D, that notch-based policies are more effective than tax credits when relabeling is prevalent, and that modest spillovers justify the program from a welfare perspective. (JEL D22, D24, H25, O14, O32, P31, P35)
On Her Own Account: How Strengthening Women’s Financial Control Impacts Labor Supply and Gender Norms
Authors: Field Erica , Pande Rohini , Rigol Natalia , Schaner Simone , Troyer Moore Charity
Published: June 2021

Can increasing control over earnings incentivize a woman to work, and thereby influence norms around gender roles? We randomly varied whether rural Indian women received bank accounts, training in account use, and direct deposit of public sector wages into their own (versus husbands’) accounts. Relative to the accounts only group, women who also received direct deposit and training worked more in public and private sector jobs. The private sector result suggests gender norms initially constrained female employment. Three years later, direct deposit and training broadly liberalized women’s own work-related norms, and shifted perceptions of community norms. (JEL G51, G53, J16, J31, O12, O16, Z13)
Study protocol: The clinical features, epidemiology, and causes of paediatric encephalitis in southern Vietnam
Authors: Huong Nguyen Hoang Thien , Toan Nguyen Duc , Quy Du Tuan , Khanh Truong Huu , Thinh Le Quoc , Nhan Le Nguyen Thanh , Minh Ngo Ngoc Quang , Turner Hugo , Thwaites Louise , Irani Sarosh , Hung Nguyen Thanh , Tan Le Van
Published: June 2021

Encephalitis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The clinical syndrome of encephalitis consists of altered mental status, seizures, neurologic signs, and is often accompanied by fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting. The encephalitis in children has been known that more common than in adult, with the incidence rate of infants was 3.9 times higher than that of people 20-44 years of age. The reported incidence of hospitalization attributed to paediatric encephalitis ranged from 3 to 13 admissions per 100,000 children per year with the overall mortality ranging from 0 to 7%. There are however more than 100 pathogens that can cause encephalitis and accurate diagnosis is challenging. Over 50% of patients with encephalitis are left undiagnosed despite extensive laboratory investigations. Furthermore, recent studies in high-income settings have suggested autoimmune encephalitis has now surpassed infectious aetiologies, mainly due to increased awareness and diagnostic capacity, which further challenges routine diagnosis and clinical management, especially in developing countries.

There are limited contemporary data on the causes of encephalitis in children in Vietnam. Improving our knowledge of the causative agents of encephalitis in this resource-constrained setting remains critical to informing case management, resource distribution and vaccination strategy. Therefore, we conduct a prospective observational study to characterise the clinical, microbiological, and epidemiological features of encephalitis in a major children’s hospital in southern Vietnam. Admission clinical samples will be collected alongside meta clinical data and from each study participants. A combination of classical assays (serology and PCR) and metagenomic next-generation sequencing will used to identify the causative agents. Undiagnosed patients with clinical presentations compatible with autoimmune encephalitis will then be tested for common forms of the disease. Finally, using direct- and indirect costs, we will estimate the economic burden of hospitalization and seven days post hospital discharge of paediatric encephalitis in our setting.
Bad Blood, Black Desires: On the Fragility of Whiteness in Middleton and Rowley's The Changeling
Authors: Paris Jamie
Published: June 2021

This essay reads Thomas Middleton and William Rowley’s The Changeling (ca 1622) as a meditation on the fragility of white privilege. The anxieties about blood in the play are situated by how the English viewed Spain as the least white nation within Europe. The trope of blackness impacts the way others read Beatrice-Joanna’s sexual transgressions, ultimately questioning her chastity and challenging her privileges as a white woman. Rather than seeing whiteness as a stable identity category, I argue that the privileges of whiteness were particularly unstable for white women in the early modern period.
Emma Whipday. Shakespeare’s Domestic Tragedies: Violence in the Early Modern Home. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. Pp 262.
Authors: Clarke Lucy
Published: June 2021

Review of Emma Whipday's Shakespeare’s Domestic Tragedies: Violence in the Early Modern Home by Lucy J.S. Clarke.
ACCIDENTES DE TRABAJO Y ENFERMEDADES PROFESIONALES EN EL REGLAMENTO 883/04. UN EJEMPLO DE COORDINACIÓN MÍNIMA.
Authors: García de Cortázar Nebreda Carlos
Published: June 2021

El autor examina la regulación del capítulo de Accidentes de Trabajo y Enfermedades Profesionales contenida en el Reglamento 883/04. Incide en los aspectos más importantes de la coordinación de las prestaciones de estas ramas de seguro. Hace hincapié, fundamentalmente, en la problemática de los trabajadores desplazados que sufren un accidente de trabajo o contraen una enfermedad profesional en un Estado distinto del Estado de aseguramiento (Estado competente). Analiza el principio de asimilación de hechos y acontecimientos, contemplada en el artículo 5 del Reglamento 883/04, en relación con los accidentes de trabajo. Pone en duda la jurisprudencia española al respecto y cuestiona los argumentos jurídicos esgrimidos por el Tribunal Supremo. Ofrece una panorámica general de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Justicia sobre accidentes de trabajo y enfermedades profesionales, así como sobre el principio de asimilación de hechos y acontecimientos.
ESTADO DE BIENESTAR SOCIAL: CARACTERÍSTICAS GENERALES, OBSTÁCULOS Y DESAFÍOS EN AMÉRICA LATINA.
Authors: Godinho Delgado Mauricio , Vasconcelos Porto Lorena
Published: June 2021

Este artículo busca analizar el modelo organizativo de la sociedad política y la sociedad civil que se hizo prevalente en Europa Occidental poco después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, llamado Estado de Bienestar Social (o Welfare State), y debatir las razones por las que este estándar de organización nunca ha alcanzado una efectiva implementación en cualquier país de América Latina. Para ello, el texto, en primer lugar, destaca las diversas y más importantes características del EBES, salvaguardando las peculiaridades que asume en determinados países europeos. A partir de este conjunto de elementos comparativos, se realiza una síntesis tipológica de los Estados de Bienestar, tomando en consideración desde el más sofisticado hasta el que solo reúne el mínimo de características relevantes a este modelo de organización estatal y social. Finalmente, analiza la realidad de los países latinoamericanos, indicando en qué medida han estructurado (o no) algo que podría considerarse un Estado de Bienestar Social efectivo. En este contexto, concluye que, aunque hay algunos países de América Latina que han avanzado más en el logro de estas características, en comparación con la gran mayoría de los países de la región, aun así, los obstáculos y desafíos para la estructuración completa de un EBES real en esta región del mundo siguen presentes y severos.
LA AFILIACIÓN AL SEGURO SOCIAL ECUATORIANO COMO UNA OBLIGACIÓN DE LOS EMPLEADORES: HACIA UN PLENO DERECHO A LA SEGURIDAD SOCIAL.
Authors: Sánchez Vera María Claudia
Published: June 2021

La presente investigación tendrá como objeto central de estudio la afiliación al seguro social ecuatoriano. No obstante, antes de aterrizar en el tema, se reflexionará sobre puntos indispensables. En el primer acápite, se analizará acerca del trabajo (su noción jurídica, doctrinaria y la visión amplia que la otorga la Constitución de la República del Ecuador), el Derecho Laboral, los principios que lo guían. Ahora bien, posteriormente se desarrollará el trabajo decente y, la precariedad laboral; llegando a tratar aspectos generales de la seguridad social y, su diferencia con el seguro social; posterior a ello, se observará el nacimiento del Seguro General Obligatorio en Ecuador: los seguros de Bismark y Beveridge, aquello para luego abordar los riesgos cubiertos por los Seguro General Obligatorio, las generalidades de la afiliación y, por último la obligación de contribuir al sistema de seguridad social, donde se comparará brevemente el régimen ecuatoriano con el sistema español.
A EXPANSÃO DO TELETRABALHO: UM OLHAR PARA O FUTURO DAS RELAÇÕES TRABALHISTAS.
Authors: Fregapani Lanner Michaella
Published: June 2021

Utilizando-se do método dedutivo como condutor da pesquisa, bem como do levantamento bibliográfico, o estudo aborda o teletrabalho nas estruturas organizacionais, bem assim os aspectos sociais que norteiam a implementação do regime de trabalho à distância. Expõe o teletrabalho como resposta ao impacto nas relações trabalhistas do distanciamento social imposto pela pandemia decorrente do coronavírus (Covid-19). Analisa as repercussões das normas já existentes sobre o teletrabalho, os normativos editados no período pandêmico e as lacunas que se apresentam no ordenamento jurídico. O estudo expõe o meio ambiente de trabalho sadio como direito fundamental. Por fim, conclui-se que as mudanças nas relações de trabalho que se estabeleceram principalmente no período pandêmico reivindicarão uma nova perspectiva de labor no período pós-pandemia, cabendo ao Direito reconhecer as mudanças e responde-las adequadamente.
Acerca de la inteligencia artificial en el ámbito penal: especial referencia a la actividad de las fuerzas y cuerpos de seguridad.
Authors: Alonso Salgado Cristina
Published: June 2021

El binomio inteligencia artificial-ámbito penal ha llegado para quedarse. Las implicaciones de tal interacción son evidentes: tanto las potencialidades, como las dificultades. Sea como fuere, con independencia de los avances y retrocesos en el debate, lo cierto es que el estado del arte revela no pocos ejemplos de utilización de la inteligencia artificial en el ámbito penal: reconocimiento facial; herramientas predictivas; etc. Algunos de los ejemplos más relevantes se circunscriben a la actividad de las fuerzas y cuerpos de seguridad. A ello dedicaremos las líneas que siguen, en el ánimo de efectuar un examen crítico acerca de las herramientas de inteligencia artificial hoy día empleadas en este ámbito; en el ánimo, en definitiva, de facilitar un aterrizaje garantista que permita optimizar todas sus virtualidades.
El reinicio tecnológico de la inteligencia artificial en el servicio público de salud.
Authors: Andrés Segovia Belén
Published: June 2021

La llegada de la Covid-19 ha irrumpido con fuerza en nuestra sociedad y en el sistema sanitario. Esta razón ha llevado a que debamos reflexionar sobre algunos de los cambios que se necesitarán diseñar e introducir en el servicio público de salud para crear un mundo más inclusivo, resiliente y sostenible. Este análisis explora las causas fundamentales que motivaron e impulsaron la llegada de una nueva era digital en la que la inteligencia artificial podría ser la clave para un gran reinicio del sistema sanitario a nivel global. Además, se estudia las razones del porqué la inteligencia artificial constituye una oportunidad para liderar el restablecimiento del actual servicio público de salud más allá de los desafíos que propone la crisis pandémica.
Ética, derecho y progreso científico. La apuesta por la verdad y la lucha contra los prejuicios.
Authors: Fernandez Agis Domingo
Published: June 2021

La praxis científico-tecnológica nos ha situado ya en un nuevo mundo y ha creado como frontera del mismo un nuevo contorno envolvente, aunque sus perfiles sean difusos. Para movernos en él son necesarios recursos interpretativos y reflexivos en constante renovación. Para llegar a comprenderlos es necesario rastrear su historia. De ahí proviene el trabajo indagatorio del que doy cuenta en este artículo, siguiendo diversas líneas de investigación recorridas por Michel Foucault que, a mi entender, resultan muy elocuentes. Asumiendo tales presupuestos, hemos de ser conscientes de que somos cada vez más dependientes de la inteligencia artificial. Al mismo tiempo, tenemos que reparar en que su funcionamiento interno y sus aplicaciones conllevan el enfrentamiento con numerosos dilemas morales y jurídicos. Por ello es necesario crear escenarios solventes de acción virtual y la programación adecuada para que, no sólo la inteligencia natural sino también la inteligencia artificial llegue a afrontar con eficiencia tales dilemas.
Lady Whistledown en Sevilla: de la condesa de Bassanville a Fernán Caballero, pioneras en la crónica de sociedad del XIX.
Authors: Benítez Alonso Elena María
Published: June 2021

La ya popular serie de televisión Los Bridgerton, producida por la plataforma Netflix, ha traído a la actualidad el no poco relevante, aunque tampoco suficientemente valorado, papel de la mujer como cronista de sociedad en los albores de la prensa inglesa decimonónica. Más allá de la polémica sobre su discutida fidelidad histórica (habría que diferenciar aquí entre ficción “histórica” y “de época”), lo cierto es que el éxito de la trama se debe en gran medida al hecho de ser mostrada a través de los epistolares society papers de Lady Whistledown, personaje de ficción que se nutre, no obstante, de auténticos referentes históricos. Es el caso de Mrs. Crackenthorpe, columnista inglesa de principios del siglo XVIII especializada en los ecos de sociedad, que recogía desde The Female Tatler. A mediados del mismo siglo y como observadora moral de la sociedad, en España tenemos a La Pensadora Gaditana, Beatriz Cienfuegos, mientras que, ya avanzado el XIX, encontramos una crónica de la alta sociedad de autoría femenina más adentrada en lo informativo que, en la prensa sevillana, presenta un campo prácticamente inexplorado en el que hallamos, sin embargo, notorias firmas, como la de la Condesa de Bassanville o la de Fernán Caballero.
Genealogías feministas ibéricas: itinerarios desde la comunicación y el activismo en torno a sororidades compartidas.
Authors: Vera Balanza Teresa , Ballesteros García Rosa María
Published: June 2021

La sororidad se refiere a la hermandad entre mujeres a la hora de plantearnos cuestiones sociales que nos atañen como grupo. Desde esta aportación nos proponemos implementar la línea del iberismo tanto en la creación de redes de colaboración en la actividad política como en el desempeño profesional del periodismo como modalidades complementarias del ejercicio de la ciudadanía. Así el movimiento de mujeres que a los dos lados de la frontera se va configurando durante los siglos XIX y XX confluye con el acceso a una profesión que permite, a la vez, denunciar las inequidades y difundir la educación de las mujeres como mecanismo para solventar la situación de injusticia social. Esta sororidad fue consolidándose pero también fracturándose o posponiendo en función de las dinámicas políticas. Las trayectorias personales y profesionales de nuestras antecesoras presentan unas similitudes y nutren una genealogía propia. Describiremos dos itinerarios: uno, el que parte de las experiencias activistas de las lusas Adelaide Cabete y Carolina B. Ângelo y la española Carmen de Burgos (Colombine); otro, el que aglutina a varias de las profesionales hispanas y las lusas, especialmente Ana de Castro y Carmen de Burgos, que nutren a toda una generación de periodistas, reporteras, cronistas, que son modelos y referentes de las comunicadoras de hoy.
Mujeres corresponsales en el franquismo: los casos de Pilar Narvión y Conchita Guerrero.
Authors: Sanz Hernando Clara , Lima Helena
Published: June 2021

El trabajo profundiza en dos periodistas pioneras durante el franquismo: Pilar Narvión y Concepción López Guerrero, conocida en el mundo periodístico como Conchita Guerrero. Corresponsales del diario Pueblo: en Roma y París, la primera, y en Lisboa, la segunda, estuvieron al frente de esta información internacional durante los años cincuenta y sesenta hasta que regresaron en 1973 a la redacción madrileña, dirigida entonces por Emilio Romero. Pilar Narvión se convirtió en una reputada cronista parlamentaria y fue la primera mujer directora adjunta de un periódico. Conchita Guerrero llegó a ser jefa de la Sección de Internacional. Ambas, que compartieron su pasión por el periodismo político, permanecerían en el rotativo hasta su jubilación, en el caso de Narvión, y hasta su cierre por lo que se refiere a Guerrero. Con el empleo de una metodología cualitativa, y la utilización de fuentes bibliográficas, hemerográficas y de archivo, se profundiza en la vida de estas precursoras y se abordan sus trayectorias para entender la realidad que vivieron en la prensa de esta época y cómo sortearon los márgenes establecidos para la mujer por el régimen franquista
El liderazgo de Rafael del Riego en el Trienio liberal: símbolo y trascendencia.
Authors: Salinas Guirao Miriam
Published: June 2021

: El liderazgo de Rafael del Riego se vio influido por los factores contextuales de su entorno: las corrientes liberales y románticas. Su figura se vio convertida en un símbolo cuya sombra propició su trascendencia. Su liderazgo ha sido estudiado atendiendo al enfoque situacional-contingente, ligándolo a sus circunstancias. Además, su perfil participativo ha permitido distinguir su calado simbólico. Las variables personalidad-conducta-contexto construyen una figura completa para enmarcar el calado posterior, tras su muerte, encumbrando a la persona en símbolo e iniciando su trascendencia.
La información taurina en la prensa barcelonesa (1850-2010)
Authors: Guixà Cerdà Josep
Published: June 2021

La gran implantación de los espectáculos taurinos en Barcelona, donde llegaron a existir simultáneamente tres plazas de toros, obligó a la prensa local a posicionarse sobre la llamada “fiesta nacional”. Por lo general, los diarios en castellano publicaban regularmente crónicas taurinas, aunque también hubo excepciones como la de “La Vanguardia” entre los años 1900 y 1939. Por su parte la prensa en catalán, adscrita al catalanismo político, se abstuvo de informar sobre los festejos que se celebraban en Barcelona, salvo para criticar la tauromaquia, aspecto en el que destacó algún semanario satírico. A pesar de la simbiosis existente entre el antitaurinismo y el nacionalismo catalán, el autor concluye que la línea editorial de la prensa ante las corridas de toros obedecía a cuestiones identitarias
El cine de animación en la Guerra Civil Española: una aproximación a la exhibición en las salas de Madrid durante la contienda.
Authors: Tirado Salido Gonzalo
Published: June 2021

Este artículo tiene como objetivo revelar la difusión que las producciones de animación, españolas y extranjeras, tuvieron en Madrid durante la Guerra Civil y conocer cuál fue la presencia y diversidad de las películas exhibidas en los cines de la capital. Para la investigación han sido utilizadas técnicas de la metodología cuantitativa aplicada a fuentes primarias de carácter hemerográfico. Asimismo, se ha hecho uso de técnicas de la metodología cualitativa, como la observación de materiales de época y la síntesis documental. Los resultados muestran que el cine de animación formaría parte de la vida cotidiana de la población madrileña durante toda la guerra, resultando una actividad de ocio habitual y una práctica social frecuente en la retaguardia, algo sorprendente en una ciudad que constituía un objetivo militar para los ejércitos enfrentados
Conozca usted España o su nueva imagen: contexto y recepción de una campaña televisiva para el boom turístico interno.
Authors: Rodríguez García de Herreros Lucía
Published: June 2021

Los documentales ocuparon un lugar destacado en el crecimiento de la producción propia de TVE en los años sesenta. Conozca usted España fue una serie de referencia en este terreno, en la que divulgación y fascinación turística se dieron la mano en torno al ideario del entonces ministro de Información y Turismo, Manuel Fraga Iribarne. Se argumentará que las novedades que introdujo el programa en el medio televisivo deben leerse en el contexto de una red de medios, caracterizada por determinadas prácticas y ciertas preferencias ideológicas, cuyos objetivos eran renovar la imagen del país apelando a su diversidad y animar a los españoles a viajar.
Los primeros pasos de la descentralización televisiva en España a través del ejemplo de "Telesur" (TVE-ANDALUCÍA)
Authors: Gutiérrez Lozano Juan Francisco
Published: June 2021

Televisión Española (TVE) estrenó su programación regular en octubre de 1956, pero la señal para la región andaluza no llegó hasta 1961. Asimismo, y pese a la existencia de corresponsalías previas, el Centro Territorial de TVE para Andalucía, situado en Sevilla, no fue inaugurado hasta julio de 1971. Este centro territorial, al igual que ocurrió en otras regiones españolas, fue el germen de una limitada descentralización de la programación televisiva controlada por la Dictadura, que tuvo antecedentes especiales en el caso de Cataluña y Canarias. En este artículo, y al cumplirse cincuenta años del arranque del centro de TVE en Andalucía, se describe y analiza tanto el contexto de su creación como su primer desarrollo, un periodo coincidente con el proceso de Transición hacia la democracia y con la conformación del Estado de las autonomías. La práctica televisiva de estos centros de TVE como el andaluz se evidenció, en su primera década, como claro antecedente de la labor luego desarrollada por los entes radiotelevisivos autonómicos.
Machine-Learning–Based Column Selection for Column Generation
Authors: Morabit Mouad , Desaulniers Guy , Lodi Andrea
Published: June 2021

Column generation (CG) is widely used for solving large-scale optimization problems. This article presents a new approach based on a machine learning (ML) technique to accelerate CG. This approach, called column selection, applies a learned model to select a subset of the variables (columns) generated at each iteration of CG. The goal is to reduce the computing time spent reoptimizing the restricted master problem at each iteration by selecting the most promising columns. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated on two problems: the vehicle and crew scheduling problem and the vehicle routing problem with time windows. The ML model was able to generalize to instances of different sizes, yielding a gain in computing time of up to 30%.
Professional indemnity: are you really protected?
Authors: Lumley Bill
Published: June 2021

Bill Lumley explains what you need to be aware of
Take a closer look
Authors: Lloyd-Rees Kimberley
Published: June 2021

Kimberley Lloyd-Rees explains why patients should reconsider their oral hygiene routine
The Beta Reduced Modified Weibull Distribution with Applications to Reliability Data
Authors: Benkhelifa Lazhar
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we introduce a new probability distribution with application in reliability called the beta reduced modified Weibull distribution. The proposed distribution presents a more flexible model and has the capability to capture decreasing, increasing, bathtub, unimodal (upside-down bathtub) and modified unimodal shaped hazard rates. Also, this distribution has a bathtub-shaped hazard rate function with a long useful life period, which is desirable property in reliability analysis. We obtain the expansions for the moments, quantile function, stress-strength reliability, density function of the order statistics and their moments. We use the method of maximum likelihood to estimate the model parameters for complete and right-censored data. We evaluate the performance of the maximum likelihood estimators in a simulation study. We analyze three reliability data sets, complete and censored, to examine the flexibility of the proposed model.
The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on non-elective otolaryngology admissions and a positive change in clinical practice
Authors: Wright B , McKenna C , Reddy CEE
Published: June 2021

As the COVID-19 pandemic progressed across the UK and Northern Ireland in March 2020, our otolaryngology department began to make preparations and changes in practice to accommodate for potentially large numbers of patients with COVID-19 related respiratory illness in the hospital. We retrospectively reviewed the number of non-elective admissions to our department between the months of January and May in 2019 and 2020. A significant reduction in admissions of up to 94% during the months of the pandemic was observed. Our practice shifted to manage patients with epistaxis and peritonsillar abscess on an outpatient basis, and while prospectively collecting data on this, we did not observe any significant adverse events. We view this as a positive learning point and change in our practice as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Negotiating ethical dilemmas in research: to act or not to act in the face of the normalisation of gender injustice encountered in the research process
Authors: Mushunje Mildred Tambudzai , Sewpaul Vishanthie
Published: June 2021

This article focuses on research conducted in relation to the gendered dynamics of access to, and utilisation of, agricultural inputs in the quest for women’s empowerment. The article focuses on the ethical dilemmas that arose during the course of the research in relation to the claim that scientific research, particularly of the logical-positivist tradition, should not cause disruption to people’s lives and that researchers must remain detached and neutral. This contrasts with the requisite of critical, emancipatory social research, which calls for using research for transformational purposes. Our original research, upon which this article is based, reflects that while participants were aware of gender-discriminatory practices in accessing and utilising agricultural inputs, they were unwilling to challenge naturalised discriminatory and oppressive cultural norms. The ethical dilemma was whether to leave the participants’ views and gendered practices unchallenged, or to adopt strategies of consciousness raising in an attempt to engender change.
Gender- and power sensitivity, securitisation and social peace: rethinking protection for children exposed to post-separation violence
Authors: Knezevic Zlatana , Nikupeteri Anna , Laitinen Merja , Kallinen Kati
Published: June 2021

This article offers a rethinking of protection based on synthesised data from Finland and Sweden on children’s and mothers’ experiences of post-separation stalking, and social workers’ case reports on children risking exposure to gender-based violence after separation. Drawing on critical childhood studies and a feminist approach to violence and security, we ask how children’s everyday lives can be incorporated in a rethinking of protection for children in post-separation contexts. Departing from identified limitations in protective solutions for children, we propose three ways of rethinking the issue of protection: (1) protection as gender- and power sensitivity, (2) protection as securitising the here and now, and (3) protection as social peace. Our findings call for some changes in professional practices, social policy and legislation.
In situ SERS detection of quinolone antibiotic residues in a water environment based on optofluidic in-fiber integrated Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Teng Pingping , Gao Danheng , Yang Xinghua , Luo Meng , Kong Depeng , Gao Shuai , Liu Zhihai , Li Zhanao , Wen Xingyue , Yuan Libo , Li Kang , Bowkett Mark , Copner Nigel
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we present a microstructured optofluidic in-fiber Raman sensor for the detection of quinolone antibiotic residue in a water environment based on Ag surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate grown on the surface of the suspended core of micro-hollow optical fiber (MHF). Here, MHF has a special structure with a suspended core and a microchannel inside, which can become a natural in-fiber optofluidic device. Meanwhile, the self-assembled Ag SERS substrate can be grown on the suspended core’s surface through chemical bonds, forming a microstructured optofluidic device with a Raman enhancement effect. Therefore, it can effectively detect the Raman signal of unlabeled trace quinolone antibiotic residue (ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin) inside the optical fiber. The results show that the ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin detection limits (LOD) are

10

−
10

M

and

10

−
11

M

, respectively. Compared with the maximum residue limit (

3.01

×

10

−
7

m
o
l

/

L

) stipulated by the European Union, the results are much lower, and an ideal quantitative relationship can be obtained within the detection range. Significantly, this study provides an in-fiber microstructured optofluidic Raman sensor for the label-free detection of quinolone antibiotic residue, which will have good development prospects in the field of antibiotic water pollution environmental detection.