bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A scoping review on tsetse fly blood meal sources and its assay methods since 1956 to 2022
Authors: Serem Erick Kibichiy , Mburu David Mwangi , Abdullahi Osman Abdikarim , Bargul Joel Ltilitan
Published: February 2024

Background

Tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) are the definitive biological vectors of African trypanosomes in humans and animals. Controlling this vector is the most promising method of preventing trypanosome transmission. This requires a comprehensive understanding of tsetse biology and host preference to inform targeted design and management strategies, such as the use of olfaction and visual cues in tsetse traps. No current review exists on host preference and blood meal analyses of tsetse flies.

Methods

This review presents a meta-analysis of tsetse fly blood meal sources and the methodologies used to identify animal hosts from 1956 to August 2022. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRIMA-ScR) was applied. This focused on tsetse-endemic countries, blood meal analysis methodologies and the blood meal hosts identified. The articles were retrieved and screened from databases using predetermined eligibility criteria.

Results

Only 49/393 of the articles retrieved matched the inclusion criteria. Glossina's main hosts in the wild included the bushbuck, buffalo, elephant, warthog, bushpig and hippopotamus. Pigs, livestock and humans were key hosts at the domestic interface. The least studied species included Glossina fuscipleuris, G. fusca, G. medicorum, G. tabaniformis and G. austeni. In the absence of preferred hosts, Glossina fed opportunistically on a variety of hosts. Precipitin, haemagglutination, disc diffusion, complement fixation, ELISA and PCR-based assays were used to evaluate blood meals. Cytochrome b (Cyt b) was the main target gene in PCR to identify the vertebrate hosts.

Conclusions

Tsetse blood meal sources have likely expanded because of ecological changes that could have rendered preferred hosts unavailable. The major approaches for analysing tsetse fly blood meal hosts targeted Cyt b gene for species identification by Sanger sequencing. However, small-fragment DNAs, such as the mammalian 12S and 16S rRNA genes, along with second- and third-generation sequencing techniques, could increase sensitivity for host identification in multiple host feeders that Sanger sequencing may misidentify as “noise”. This review of tsetse fly blood meal sources and approaches to host identification could inform strategies for tsetse control.

Graphical Abstract
The phase angle cut-off point capable of discriminating hemodialysis patients with reduced exercise tolerance: a cross-sectional study
Authors: de Souza Francisco Davi , Moraes Igor Gutierrez , Brito Camila Porto , Righetti Renato Fraga , Yamaguti Wellington Pereira
Published: February 2024

Background

Phase angle (PhA) is a prognostic marker of all-cause mortality in chronic kidney disease. However, no study has investigated this marker as a predictor of exercise intolerance in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The aim of this study was to determine a cut-off point for the PhA capable of discriminating HD patients with reduced exercise tolerance.

Methods

Thirty-one patients (80.6% men, median age 69 years) were included. The evaluations were performed on three different days, before the HD session. The outcomes evaluated were: biochemical markers, inflammatory and nutritional status, body composition, peripheral muscle strength and exercise tolerance. Performance ≤50% of the predicted value in the six-minute step test (6MST) was defined as reduced exercise tolerance.

Results

Patients presented an average of 67.6 steps (50.5% of predicted) in the 6MST. Fifteen patients (48.4%) were classified with reduced exercise tolerance. The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated a cut-off point of 3.73° for the PhA (sensitivity = 87%, specificity = 81%, and area under the curve = 0.88 [95% CI: 0.76–1.00]; p < 0.001). Patients with reduced exercise tolerance had worse inflammatory and nutritional status, lower PhA and greater impairment of peripheral muscle strength.

Conclusion

The cut-off point of 3.73° for the PhA is sensitive and specific to discriminate HD patients with reduced exercise tolerance.

Trial registration

This study was registered in the Clinical Trials database (no. NCT03779126, date of first registration 19/12/2018).
Simplified treatment protocols improve recovery of children with severe acute malnutrition in South Sudan: results from a mixed methods study
Authors: Lyles Emily , Ismail Sule , Ramaswamy Maya , Drame Aly , Leidman Eva , Doocy Shannon
Published: February 2024

Background

As part of COVID-19 mitigation strategies, emergency nutrition program adaptations were implemented, but evidence of the effects is limited. Compared to the standard protocol, the full adapted protocol included adapted admissions criteria, simplified dosing, and reduced visit frequency; partially adapted protocols consisting of only some of these modifications were also implemented. To enable evidence-based nutrition program modifications as the context evolved, this study was conducted to characterize how protocol adaptations in South Sudan affected Outpatient Therapeutic Feeding Program outcomes.

Methods

A mixed methods approach consisting of secondary analysis of individual-level nutrition program data and key informant interviews was used. Analyses focused on program implementation and severe acute malnutrition treatment outcomes under the standard, full COVID-19 adapted, and partially adapted treatment protocols from 2019 through 2021. Analyses compared characteristics and outcomes by different admission types under the standard protocol and across four different treatment protocols. Regression models evaluated the odds of recovery and mean length of stay (LoS) under the four protocols.

Results

Very few (1.6%; n = 156) children admitted based on low weight-for-height alone under the standard protocol would not have been eligible for admission under the adapted protocol. Compared to the full standard protocol, the partially adapted (admission only) and partially adapted (admission and dosing) protocols had lower LoS of 28.4 days (CI − 30.2, − 26.5) and 5.1 days (CI − 6.2, − 4.0); the full adapted protocol had a decrease of 3.0 (CI − 5.1, − 1.0) days. All adapted protocols had significantly increased adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for recovery compared to the full standard protocol: partially adapted (admission only) AOR = 2.56 (CI 2.18–3.01); partially adapted (admission + dosing) AOR = 1.78 (CI 1.45–2.19); and fully adapted protocol AOR = 2.41 (CI 1.69–3.45).

Conclusions

This study provides evidence that few children were excluded when weight-for-height criteria were suspended. LoS was shortest when only MUAC was used for entry/exit but dosing and visit frequency were unchanged. Significantly shorter LoS with simplified dosing and visit frequency vs. under the standard protocol indicate that protocol adaptations may lead to shorter recovery and program enrollment times. Findings also suggest that good recovery is achievable with reduced visit frequency and simplified dosing.
MSSPN: Automatic first-arrival picking using a multistage segmentation picking network
Authors: Wang Hongtao , Zhang Jiangshe , Wei Xiaoli , Zhang Chunxia , Long Li , Guo Zhenbo
Published: February 2024

Picking the first arrival of prestack gathers is an indispensable step in seismic data processing. To enhance the efficiency of seismic data processing, some deep-learning-based methods for first-arrival picking have been developed. However, when applying currently trained models to data that significantly differ from the training set, the results are often suboptimal. We refer to this predictive scenario as cross-survey picking. Therefore, further improving model generalization for accurate cross-survey picking has become an urgent problem. To overcome the problem, we develop a multistage picking method called multistage segmentation picking network (MSSPN), which breaks down the complex picking task into four stages. In the first stage, we develop a coarse segmentation network to recognize a rough trend of first arrivals. Second, a robust trend estimation method is developed in the second stage to further obtain a tighter range of first arrivals. Third, a refined segmentation network is conducted in the third stage to pick high-precision first arrivals. Finally, we develop a velocity constraint-based postprocessing strategy to remove the outliers of network pickings. Extensive experiments indicate that MSSPN outperforms current state-of-the-art methods under the cross-survey test situation in terms of the metrics of accuracy and stability. Particularly, MSSPN achieves 94.64% and 89.74% accuracy under the cross-survey field cases of the median and low signal-to-noise ratio data, respectively.
Correlations of Opioid Intake During Different Predischarge Time Frames with Postdischarge Opioid Use Following Inpatient Surgery
Authors: Schenkel Benjamin D. , Rolfzen Megan L. , Krutsinger Dustin C. , Fernandez-Bustamante Ana , Bartels Karsten
Published: February 2024

Previous work has shown that predischarge opioid use is the most reliable and practical predictor of postdischarge opioid intake after inpatient surgery. However, the most appropriate predischarge time frame for operationalizing this relationship into more individualized prescriptions is unknown. We compared the correlations between the quantity of opioids taken during 5 predischarge time frames and self-reported postdischarge opioid intake in 604 adult surgery patients. We found that the 24-hour predischarge time frame was most strongly correlated (ρ= 0.60, P < .001) with postdischarge opioid use and may provide actionable information for predicting opioid use after discharge.
Rhyme in dróttkvætt, from Old Germanic Inheritance to Contemporary Poetic Ecology II: Rhyme as an Inherited Device of Old Germanic Verse
Authors: Frog
Published: February 2024

This paper is the second in a three-part series on the distinctive type of rhyme in the Old Norse dróttkvætt meter, argued to have emerged through the metricalization of uses of rhyme within a short line found across Old Germanic poetries. Whereas the first paper outlined the argument and its background, this paper explores uses of rhyme in Old Germanic poetries other than Old Norse. Rhyme involving the stressed syllable or word stem irrespective of subsequent syllables is shown to be a device of these poetic systems. Especially in Old English, such rhyme is used to support and reinforce the basic meter and may even fill a metrical function in the place of additional alliteration. The type of rhyme is argued to be an inherited feature of the poetic system, an argument also supported by the metricalized use of rhyme in Old Norse dróttkvætt poetry. Because some theories of the Old Germanic poetic form require viewing rhyme as competing and interfering with its rhythm, the rhymecompatible model used here is outlined.
Interpretacja oraz przekład jako wyzwania między wolnością a odpowiedzialnością. Z perspektywy hermeneutyki wielojęzykowości
Authors: Szymczyński Tomasz R.
Published: February 2024

As a consequence of the serious attitude towards the thesis about the original inseparability of the form and content of our words, the conclusion appears that it is valuable to understand the concept of translation proposed here in two basic dimensions. On the one hand: in its narrower sense, which is similar to that present within common Polish language, as a translation between individual natural languages. On the other hand: in a broader sense, going beyond understanding in colloquial Polish, as various ways of discovering the meaning of our words. As a result, an optic appears here that takes into account the interconnections between the categories of interpretation, lingual consciousness, as well as attempts of explanations and understandings, on the one hand, and broadly understood translation as an extremely helpful picture showing the specificity of challenges related to all processes of acquiring knowledge on the other. This, in turn, shows us clearly that just as interpretations as such cannot be avoided in even the most analytically presented research proposal, it is equally impossible to avoid the fact that all interpretive actions will invariably remain within the area that is worth considering as a series of continuous challenges situated inevitably between freedom and responsibility.
I orły narodowe. Zabiegi o zachowanie narodowej symboliki i tradycji polskich w jednostkach lotniczych w Wielkiej Brytanii, 1939-1940
Authors: Mazur Wojciech
Published: February 2024

After facing defeat in the Polish campaign of 1939, the greater part of Poland’s Military Aviation personnel managed to evacuate to the West. Efforts to rebuild the air force in Great Britain proved unsuccessful; in the end only a bomber force was to be formed in that country. Negotiations undertaken with the British side proved difficult – the British aim was to deprive the Polish Air Force of its independence and to incorporate it into the RAF. Nevertheless, it proved possible to negotiate concessions regarding Polish symbolism and military traditions. The final agreement entered into on 5 August 1940 widened the autonomy of Polish air units further and virtually all the Polish postulates regarding symbolism and traditions were accepted by the British side.
Esej o społeczeństwie polskim w procesie przemian
Authors: Paleczny Tadeusz
Published: February 2024

This essay concerns the main transformation’s tendencies and processes of Polish society in the last three decades. The changes are the result of political, economic and cultural conversions of a social system toward democratic rule. The text includes the analysis process of the restructure, decomposition and disorganisation of the social structure and the crisis of a community’s bonds, rising citizens participation, reorientation of cultural identity and changes to the value’s system.
Polacy w Seattle – profil zbiorowości imigracyjnej
Authors: Praszałowicz Dorota
Published: February 2024

The history of Polish immigration to the West Coast of the United States has been studied relatively little; this is particularly true of the Pacific Northwest region. However, there is a fairly large and active Polish-American community in the region, with the largest centres in Seattle, Washington, and Portland, Oregon. This text deals with the group in Seattle and presents it in the context of the local ethnic and racial mosaic. It focuses on the intrinsic diversity of this community and the dilemmas involved in conceptualising the research devoted to it.
La evolución del rugby: de deporte violento a deporte regulado
Authors: Chaduneli Besik
Published: February 2024

Después de su nacimiento en Inglaterra en 1823, el rugby ha dejado de ser un deporte netamente violento para convertirse en uno controlado y regulado. Aquí se dan a conocer las modificaciones más importantes de las reglas que contribuyeron a la disminución de las lesiones
Efecto del estrés ocasionado por las pruebas académicas sobre los niveles de cortisol y prolactina en un grupo de estudiantes de Medicina
Authors: Siachoque Heber , Ibañez Milcíades , Barbosa Ernesto , Salamanca Alba Lucía , Moreno Carlos
Published: February 2024

Los niveles de cortisol se midieron en los tres momentos solamente en 17 estudiantes, mostrando datos faltantes para 9 estudiantes de Medicina. Para este grupo en los niveles de cortisol no se encontraron diferencias significativas en los tres momentos evaluados, aunque estuvo cerca de mostrarlas (P=0.098 análisis de varianza de medidas repetidas), presentándose un leve aumento durante el estresor con un promedio de 8.4+/-5.0 comparado con los niveles de cortisol antes del estresor con un promedio de 8.0+/-3.4 y también presentó una marcada disminución después del estresor con un promedio de 6.6+/-1.6. (Figura 2). Estimando los datos faltantes por el método de serie de medias para los 9 estudiantes sí se encontraron diferencias significativas en los momentos evaluados (p=0.005), siendo significativa la disminución después del estresor comparada con antes del estresor (p=0.049) y muy cerca de ser significativo entre el después el durante el estresor (p=0.069).
The role of exercise therapy in reducing respiratory symptoms in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review
Authors: Akbari Narges Jahantigh , Tahan Nahid , Roostayi Mohammad Mohsen , Daryabor Aliyeh , Naimi Sedigheh Sadat
Published: February 2024

Background/Aims

Respiratory-related complaints such as dyspnoea, shortness of breath and inability to perform their activities of daily living have been reported by people who have contracted COVID-19. Physiotherapy can play a vital role in management of these symptoms. The aim of this review study was to systematically evaluate the role of exercise therapy in reducing respiratory symptoms in patients with COVID-19.

Methods

A search of PubMed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest databases was conducted from December 2019 to November 2022. Studies were included if: the study design was a randomised controlled trial or quasi-experimental; participants had COVID-19 disease; the intervention was exercise therapy; and respiratory symptoms were evaluated as outcome measures. The quailty of included studies was independently evaluated by two authors using the PEDro scale.

Results

A total of 11 articles were selected for final analysis, which included both face-to-face therapy and telerehabilitation. Without considering their scientific rigour, the findings of the studies reported that exercise therapy, such as breathing exercises, strengthening exercises, aerobic exercises, lower limb muscle strength exercises and stretching exercises, had significant effects in reducing dyspnoea and increasing physical capacity and lung function.

Conclusions

Exercise therapy interventions could be effective in improving respiratory symptoms including lung function, dyspnoea and physical capacity. While some studies examined face-to-face exercise therapy and showed improvement in symptoms, it is suggested that the effect of telerehabilitation should be investigated in future studies.

Implications for practice

Physiotherapists can use exercise therapy alongside other physical therapy interventions for patients with COVID-19 and other similar respiratory viruses.
Effect of strengthening exercises in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mikaili Saeed , Kalantari Khosro Khademi , Zavieh Minoo Khalkhali , Daryabor Aliyeh , Rezaei Mehdi , Baghban Alireza Akbarzadeh
Published: February 2024

Background/Aims

Muscle imbalance in patella stabilisers leads to patellar lateral glide and can cause patellofemoral pain syndrome. This study investigated the effect of progressive strengthening exercises of the vastus medialis oblique on pain and patellar alignment in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome and patellar lateral glide.

Methods

A double-blind, randomised controlled trial was conducted with 40 individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome with patellar lateral glide aged 20–40 years. The study group received vastus medialis oblique-specific strengthening exercises and routine physiotherapy treatment, and the control group received routine physiotherapy treatment only (stretching exercises, gluteal and quadriceps isometric exercises and conventional transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation). Participants performed these exercises three times a week for 8 weeks. Pain intensity was measured before and after the intervention using a visual analogue scale and patellar alignment was measured using ultrasonographic parameters, including the trochlear angle, patella offset angle and distance between patellar tip and trochlear groove.

Results

In the between-groups comparison, there was a significant decrease in pain intensity in both the study and control groups, although the study group had a greater decrease (study group before intervention: 71.15 ± 1.54, study group after intervention: 22.21 ± 0.35, P=0.001); control group before intervention: 70.09 ± 1.22, control group after intervention: 31.82 ± 0.36 (P=0.001)) and patella offset angle (in the study group compared to the control group after 8 weeks of intervention. In within-groups comparison, a significant decrease of the patella offset angle in the study group was observed (before intervention: 16.2 ± 1.53; after intervention: 13.2 ± 1.87, P=0.001). No significant differences were found for the other parameters.

Conclusions

Specific strengthening of the vastus medialis oblique muscle in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome and patellar lateral glide can lead to pain reduction and improvement of patellar alignment to correct lateralisation. This change may delay the process of patellofemoral joint degeneration. Including vastus medialis oblique-specific strengthening exercises in standard physiotherapy treatments may help to reduce pain levels in people with patellofemoral pain syndrome.

Implications for practice

Investigating the main cause of patellofemoral pain syndrome could have an essential role in the rehabilitation treatment of patients.
First record of red seabream, Pagrus major existence in the eastern Indian Ocean south of Java, Indonesia revealed by DNA barcoding
Authors: NURYANTO AGUS , BHAGAWATI DIAN , WINARNI ELLY TUTI , ROFIQOH ASWI ANDRIASARI
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Nuryanto A, Bhagawati D, Winarni ET, Rofiqoh AA. 2023. First record of red seabream, Pagrus major existence in the eastern Indian Ocean south of Java, Indonesia revealed by DNA barcoding. Biodiversitas 24: 6023-6030. The red seabream, Pagrus major, is widely believed to be mainly inhabited in the Northwest Pacific region. Although there are no previous studies reporting its existence in the Indian Ocean, a morphologically similar species of silver seabream, P. auratus, has been discovered. To comprehensively assess the geographical distribution of both species, there is a need to carry out a taxonomic study using DNA barcoding technique. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the taxonomic status of seabream (Sparidae) in the east Indian Ocean south of Java, Indonesia, using the cytochrome c oxidase 1 barcoding. Fish specimens were collected during the June to August 2023 field trips at fishing ports and auction centers along West Java and Banten southern coastlines. A total of 51 specimens were successfully barcoded and 99% genetic similarity was used as a species border. The results showed that three seabream species were identified, with intraspecific genetic similarity ranging from 99.77% to 100% and low genetic distance between 0.000 and 0.005 to one top hit conspecific. Furthermore, 21 specimens were identified as P. major with high genetic similarity ranging from 99.43% to 100% and genetic homology ranging from 99.44% to 100%. This discovery represented the first record of P. major in the east Indian Ocean, South Java, presenting essential data need for capture fisheries management in the region.
Identification of blaSHV and blaTEM extended spectrum beta-lactamase genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae in the dairy wastewater, East Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: DAMEANTI FIDI NUR AINI EKA PUJI , YANESTRIA SHEILA MARTY , EFFENDI MUSTOFA HELMI , PLUMERIASTUTI HANI , TYASNINGSIH WIWIEK , UGBO EMMANUEL NNABUIKE , SUTRISNO RAHAYU , SAFRI M. ALI AKRAM SYAH
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Dameanti FNAEP, Yanestria SM, Effendi MH, Plumeriastuti H, Tyasningsih W, Ugbo EN, Sutrisno R, Safri MAAS. 2023. Identification of blaSHV and blaTEM extended spectrum beta-lactamase genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae in the dairy wastewater, East Java Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6092-6099. Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in dairy cows causes various livestock production hazards and threatens public health because it acts as a Multi-Drug Resistance Bacteria (MDRB), especially Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) strains. Livestock wastewater is a repository for commensal isolates including K. pneumoniae and potentially can be a reservoir for ESBL spreaders for the environment. The aim of this study was to identify the blaSHV and blaTEM ESBL genes in K. pneumoniae from wastewater of dairy cattle farms in East Java Province. This study used a sample of 342 dairy farm wastewater isolated on 2% BPW media from 6 cities/regencies with the highest population of dairy cows in East Java, Indonesia, namely Pasuruan District, Malang District, Tulungagung District, Blitar District, Batu City and Kediri District. Samples were identified on MCA media, Gram staining, EMBA, and biochemical tests. Confirmation of ESBL phenotypically used the Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) method and the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test to detect the ESBL gene. The result showed that bacterial isolation and identification were 14.32% (49/342), confirmed K. pneumoniae. DDST confirmation results of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates from the wastewater of dairy farms in East Java obtained were 5.55% (19/342). The sample was continued with the PCR test showing positive for the blaSHV gene 63.1% (12/19) and blaTEM 31.57% (6/19). In conclusion, the ESBL gene blaSHV and blaTEM identification in K. pneumoniae isolates, indicate that wastewater from dairy farms has the potential to be a reservoir of ESBL carriers in the environment and pose a threat to public health in East Java Province, Indonesia.
Variations in the properties and bacterial community of white glutinous rice tapai under different packaging conditions during fermentation
Authors: BARUS TATI , CENNIATI NOVIANA , PRASASTY VIVITRI DEWI
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Barus T, Cenniati N, Prasasty VD. 2023. Variations in the properties and bacterial community of white glutinous rice tapai under different packaging conditions during fermentation. Biodiversitas 24: 6240-6247. White Glutinous Rice Tapai (WGRT) is a traditional Indonesian fermented food. Several types of packaging can be used for white glutinous rice tapai (WGRT). However, information about the effects of different types of packaging on characteristics and bacterial communities has not yet been discovered. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of packaging on the quality of WGRT. WGRT was fermented using a plastic box (WGRT-PB), banana leaves (WGRT-BL), and rose apple leaves (WGRT-RAL). Our research employed a novel method using next-generation sequencing (NGS), to explore the bacterial communities in the fermentation process of white glutinous rice tapai, offering valuable insights into how the choice of packaging materials affects the organoleptic properties of the final product. The results showed that the type of packaging did not significantly affect pH, total acid, and alcohol content but significantly reduced sugar content. The highest levels of reducing sugar were found in WGRT-PB. The organoleptic profile showed that WGRT-PB was the most preferred by the panelists, significantly different from WGRT-RAL. The results of the bacterial community analysis between WGRT-PB and WGRT-RAL showed a difference. The difference in the bacterial community was presumably due to the different types of packaging used during fermentation. Thus, the different types of packaging used during fermentation affect the quality of the tapai.
Diversity and community structure of rhizosphere bacteria in shallot treated with Rhizophagus intraradices and Trichoderma asperellum
Authors: ARTANTI HERTINA , JOKO TRI , SURYANTI SURYANTI
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Artanti H, Joko T, Suryanti. 2023. Diversity and community structure of rhizosphere bacteria in shallot treated with Rhizophagus intraradices and Trichoderma asperellum. Biodiversitas 24: 6248-6255. The rhizosphere is an area rich in nutrients and has high microbial activity. The condition of the rhizosphere area can influence plant growth and resistance to pathogens. This study aimed to determine the effect of the application of Rhizophagus intraradices and Trichoderma asperellum on the diversity and community structure of shallot rhizosphere bacteria as well as on the growth and health of shallots. Metagenomic analysis of the shallot rhizosphere was used to determine the diversity and structure of the bacterial community in shallots treated with R. intraradices, T. asperellum, control, and bulk soil. The results showed that the application of R. intraradices and T. asperellum affected the composition and diversity of rhizosphere bacteria and the number of rhizobacteria species. The structure of rhizosphere bacteria was not affected by the application of these two fungi. The diversity and number of rhizosphere bacterial species were able to increase plant growth and resistance, especially triggered by R. intraradices.
DNA barcoding of Burgo chicken from Bengkulu, Indonesia, based on the cytochrome oxidase gene sub unit I mitochondria DNA
Authors: UTAMA AHMAT FAKHRI , JARULIS JARULIS , SIPRIYADI SIPRIYADI , JANNAH IZUL MIFTAKHUL
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Utama AF, Jarulis, Sipriyadi, Jannah IM. 2023. DNA barcoding of Burgo chicken from Bengkulu, Indonesia, based on the cytochrome oxidase gene sub unit I mitochondria DNA. Biodiversitas 24: 6268-6275. The Burgo chicken provides a genetic source of one crossbreed chicken in Bengkulu Province. However, genetic information on Burgo chickens is not yet available, while the population of this chicken continues to decline. Research on DNA barcoding using the cytochrome oxidase subunit I mtDNA gene was conducted to obtain DNA barcodes and the relationship between Burgo chickens and other chicken species based on the COI mtDNA gene. Blood samples were obtained from Burgo chickens belonging to the Bengkulu Burgo chicken hobbyist community. Collected blood was isolated following the dneasy® blood and tissue kit protocol based on the spin-column protocol procedure, Qiagen. Amplification of genomic DNA using Polymerase Chain Reaction. The product was electrophoresed on a 1.2% agarose gel and visualized under UV light using Gel Documentation System, Axygen. Samples with bright DNA bands proceeded to the sequencing process. Sequencing results were analyzed using MEGA 11.0 software. The results showed that the target length of the Burgo chicken band was in accordance with the primer design used (752pb). SNPs were obtained at 10 specific sites in Burgo chickens and had a species barcode at site 746. The intraspecies genetic distance was 0.6%, interspecies 1.2%, and with the outgroup 14.5%, there were 12 haplotypes from all samples (n=15). Based on the result, we can conclude that the Burgo chicken is closely related to the red jungle fowl compared to other chicken species.
Estimating carbon storage using remote sensing in the Selo Resort forest area of Mount Merbabu National Park, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: SULTON MUHAMMAD NUR , PUTRI NUR ROHMAYANI ANGGELIKA , NUGRAHENI RACHEL SANISCARA , AFIFAH RATIH NUR , FADILAH RIZKY NUR , INDRAWAN MUHAMMAD , KUSUMANINGRUM LIA , SUNARTO SUNARTO , SUTARNO SUTARNO , SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO , PRADHAN PRAKASH , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Sulton MN, Putri NRA, Nugraheni RS, Afifah RN, Fadilah RN, Indrawan M, Kusumaningrum L, Sutarno, Sunarto, Sugiyarto, Pradhan P, Setyawan AD. 2023. Estimating carbon storage using remote sensing in the Selo Resort forest area of Mount Merbabu National Park, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6264-6270. This study is of paramount importance for long-term climate change mitigation efforts, as it aims to estimate carbon storage and assess land cover density in Selo Resort forest area of Mount Merbabu National Park (MMbNP), Central Java, Indonesia, utilizing remote sensing techniques. Sentinel 2A satellite imagery, acquired on May 28, 2023, serves as the foundational dataset for this research. Employing ArcGIS 10.5, the satellite imagery was processed to derive the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), a critical parameter in this analysis. The NDVI values were subsequently employed to categorize land cover density, leading to the classification of land into five distinct classes: non-vegetation, shrubs, low density, medium density, and high density. This classification process enabled the determination of land cover density. The calculated values for each density class, namely low, medium, and high-density land cover, revealed substantial carbon storage potentials: 12,357.99 tons C, 92,871.04 tons C, and 73,542.06 tons C, respectively. Moreover, the computed areas for low, medium, and high-density cover were 202.59 ha, 364.93 ha, and 348.26 ha, respectively. This study underscores the need for ongoing monitoring to detect changes in land cover and to implement afforestation initiatives in areas with low-density vegetation. Such efforts are crucial for the preservation of land cover and the associated carbon storage benefits, thereby contributing to broader climate change mitigation strategies.
Macroalgae diversity and its relationship with environmental conditions in polluted waters of Seribu Islands, Jakarta Bay, Indonesia
Authors: HANDAYANI SRI , WIDHIONO IMAM , WIDYARTINI DWI SUNU
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Handayani S, Widhiono I, Widyartini DS. 2023. Macroalgae diversity and its relationship with environmental conditions in polluted waters of Seribu Islands, Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6291-6298. Macroalgae are one of the important marine primary producers because they support the life of other organisms at a higher trophic level in aquatic ecosystems. This study aimed to determine the species diversity and composition of macroalgae and its relationship with local aquatic environmental conditions. This research was conducted in Seribu Islands, Jakarta Bay, and consisted of Pramuka Island, Semak Daun Island, Kotok Besar Island, Karang Bongkok Island, Kongsi Island, and Pari Island as sampling sites. This research used the transect method with quadratic sampling and the data was analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index, Dominance Index, and Evenness. Diversity parameter calculations were carried out using PAST4.0 software. The relationship between diversity and water quality was analyzed using PCA software. Across the six sampling sites, there were 41 species of macroalgae belonging to 3 divisions, namely Chlorophyta (19 species), Phaeophyta/Ochrophyta (10 species), and Rhodophyta (12 species). The species richness among islands showed that Karang Bongkok Island had the highest species with 28 species and the lowest was Semak Daun Island and Kongsi Island with only 15 species. The Diversity Index was the highest in Karang Bongkok Island with 2.679 and the lowest was in Kongsi Island with 1.907. The species with the largest number of individuals were Halimeda macroloba with 930 individuals, followed by Sargassum binderi with 648 individuals, and Corallina officinalis. with 257 individuals. The diversity of macroalgae species on the six islands is classified as moderate and can be used as an indicator of marine ecosystems. Physicochemical parameters that affect macroalgae diversity in the Seribu Islands waters are temperature, depth, currents, salinity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Cu, and Phosphate. The finding of this study implies that despite the high pollution in Seribu Islands waters, it is still good for the growth of macroalgae.
Saikaku Steers a Course: Negotiating Celebrity Status as an Author in Edo-period Osaka, 1684–86
Authors: Spencer Susan
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Ihara Saikaku first achieved celebrity in his native city of Osaka as a prolific, if not always consistent, composer and critic of haikai no renga (linked-verse poetry). Later, his ukiyo-zōshi prose narratives set in the "floating world" of Japan's licensed pleasure quarters and chōninmono accounts of everyday urban life were bestsellers that lifted him to stardom. His collaboration with the most famous ukiyo-e artists of his day, Hishikawa Moronobu and Yoshida Hanbei, cemented his position as one of the most important authors of the Genroku era, one of the most prolific periods in Japanese literary history. Yet Saikaku's path to fame was by no means assured, and the course of his early career was shaped by his reactions to censorship, piracy, and market demands. This essay describes pivotal episodes that determined the course of his work during the crucial years of 1684–86, including his famous linked-verse marathon performance in front of Osaka's Sumiyoshi shrine, the pirated Edo edition of his The Life of an Amorous Man , and his ongoing responses to the Tokugawa shoguns' censorship as reflected in his books Five Women Who Loved Love and Twenty Cases of Filial Impiety in Japan .
Get it In Writing: Contracts in Moll Flanders
Authors: Campbell Ann
Published: February 2024

Abstract: This essay argues that Moll Flanders learns through experience to prefer entering into written, rather than verbal, marriage contracts, regardless of either type of contract's enforceability. It draws upon contract theories that emphasize relationship building as opposed to establishing the groundwork for future litigation to explain why Moll prefers written to verbal contracts. I also analyze several episodes in Moll Flanders in order to demonstrate that Moll learns through experience that written contracts are a pragmatic means of asserting herself, building relationships, and articulating the terms of her relationships. Writing slows down the contracting process and compels Moll's partners to listen to her, process her words, and respond to them thoughtfully and deliberately. The more prolonged the contractual process, the longer the contracting parties can occupy a shared imaginary space of equality, negotiation, and self-creation. This argument also illuminates Pamela's annotations of Mr. B's proposal to become his mistress in Samuel Richardson's Pamela (1740). I conclude that in both novels, written contracts are a feminist strategy used by female protagonists to assert their wishes despite their legal disempowerment.
Oroonoko 's Interspecies Imaginary: Race, Gender, and Animality
Authors: Chow Jeremy
Published: February 2024

Abstract: This essay employs Aphra Behn's Oroonoko (1688) as a case study through which to explore the "interspecies imaginary": a conceptual framework that examines how violent tensions between disparate species are imagined in the colonial archive and how these tensions cohere around representations of Blackness, Indigeneity, and animality. The interspecies imaginary, rather than defaulting to a discriminatory rhetoric in which subaltern positions are flattened, instead maintains a subversive, decolonial effect in that its documentation produces new constellations of co-constitutive becoming. By highlighting the tiger and eel episodes in the novella, this essay argues that the interspecies imaginary magnifies the textures of violent contact between human and nonhuman species that shape how formations of gender, Blackness, and Indigeneity are productively tethered to and produced alongside animality.
"Michelangelo's Seal" in Translation: Élisabeth-Sophie Chéron and the Polemics of Print
Authors: Altun Yasemin
Published: February 2024

Abstract: In 1709, the French painter Élisabeth-Sophie Chéron (1648–1711) designed a print after an engraved carnelian held in Louis XIV's collection and known as "Michelangelo's Seal" for its supposed previous owner. Soon after its 1710 release in Paris, this print prompted a quarrel between Chéron and antiquarian scholars who condemned her unfaithful reproduction of the prized gem, a judgment later reiterated by the connoisseur Pierre-Jean Mariette in his Traité des pierres gravées (1750). While previous studies of "Michelangelo's Seal" have discussed the negative reception encountered by Chéron's print, this essay examines how she formulated the image in the first place. Following recent interest in the role of prints in shaping early modern forms of intermediality, the essay treats the 1709 print as a résumé of Chéron's prior achievements in painting and poetry. I adopt a Benjaminian hermeneutic of translation to analyze the artist's visual strategies and engagement with two of the meanings ascribed to engraved gems in her time: their monumentality as cultural remnants of antiquity and their use as seal-stones. I argue that Chéron tailored her translation of "Michelangelo's Seal" according to her skills and status as an active member of the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture since 1672. Moreover, in the process, she subverted not only the intended status of female members of that institution, but also broader, gendered norms of artistic creativity.
The Witch and the Devil in the Well: Women and Magic in Venetian Politics
Authors: Hunt John M.
Published: February 2024

Abstract: In early modern Venice, men and women regularly visited wells and remote islands to summon the Devil. This practice, rooted in traditions established in the Middle Ages, continued into the eighteenth century. One popular form of this tradition involved witches opening up a portal to Hell in the deserted wells of the city. Witnesses to these conjurations testified that they could smell sulfur, see hellfire and smoke, and hear the groaning of the damned when the witches performed their magical rites. The Devil himself appeared to talk to the witch who summoned him, usually to give her advice on elections to the Great Council or the location of hidden treasures. Using trials from the Venetian Inquisition, this essay examines women's involvement in the political life of the city, maintaining that through their expertise in magic and knowledge of rumor, they played a larger role in the early modern state and knew more of its secrets than we have credited them with having.
La famiglia svizzera and Operatic Genre in Dresden and Milan
Authors: Haugland Kirby
Published: February 2024

Abstract: A year after Joseph Weigl's sentimental Viennese Singspiel, Die Schweizerfamilie , premiered in 1809, it appeared in translation as La famiglia svizzera at the summer palace of the King of Saxony, Frederick Augustus. It soon became a mainstay of Dresden's Italian opera company. When a version of this adaptation appeared at Milan's La Scala in 1816, however, it was a catastrophic failure. The stark contrast between the two productions emphasizes the different ideals of the opera's creators, adapters, and audiences. The linked processes of transmission, adaptation, performance, and reception are a growing topic in opera scholarship, although studies of the early nineteenth century have generally considered cultural translations into German, rather than the other way around. La famiglia svizzera provides a valuable addition to our understanding of how operatic genre and its implications were conceived. In this essay, I trace how Dresden's adapters Italianized this opera and explain its divergent reception. The adapters—most likely Adolph Wagner and Franz Anton Schubert—barely changed Weigl's music but dramatically altered the tone, imagery, and characterization of the opera through a thoughtful Italian translation and newly composed recitatives. A reviewer nevertheless praised the opera's artistic unity and hoped for more such translations, "since German art agrees with German feelings." Milanese critics, however, specifically identified aspects of the adaptation that contributed to the opera's failure. These reviews fit within contemporary debates in the musical press about national operatic genre. I argue that La famiglia svizzera offers a microcosm of these debates, which mirrored both its creators' and its viewers' preconceptions.
Performing Majesty and National Identity: The Case of Illuminations, c. 1780–1810
Authors: Jenks Timothy
Published: February 2024

Abstract: This essay explores how Britishness was performed in the streets of eighteenth-century Britain during the festive spectacles associated with the "majesty" that Linda Colley has powerfully identified as an agent of national identity in Britons: Forging the Nation, 1707–1837 . I examine the significance of patriotic illuminations as performances of national identity. Throughout the eighteenth century, the revelry surrounding illuminations was a persistent feature of British political and popular culture. Illuminations, I argue, were complicated instances of local and national celebration that divided communities in as many ways as they united them. Teasing out this relationship is central to our understanding of how Britishness was navigated in a socially stratified society. Drawing primarily on the newspapers of the period, this essay explores the contexts of royal illuminations, the nature of the disorders that often accompanied illuminations, and the content of the devices used in illuminations in order to unpack the significance of this important, but relatively neglected social practice.
Compact pupil-expansion AR-HUD based on surface-relief grating
Authors: Dai Gaoyu , Yang Han , Yin Luqiao , Ren Kailin , Liu Jingjing , Zhang Xiaolong , Zhang Jianhua
Published: February 2024

Augmented reality head-up display (AR-HUD) using diffractive waveguide is a challenging research field. It can drastically reduce the system volume compared with AR-HUD based on freeform mirror. However, one of the remaining challenges that affects the performance of the diffractive waveguide is to expand the eye-box while maintaining the illuminance uniformity. In this paper, a one-dimensional pupil expansion diffractive optical waveguide system for AR-HUD is presented. The optimization of grating parameters is based on scalar diffraction theory and rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA). Then, the illuminance uniformity is optimized through non-sequential ray tracing. We simulate and construct a waveguide-based AR-HUD. The presented AR-HUD realized an exit pupil size of 80 mm × 15 mm and a field of view of 10° × 5° at the wavelength of 532 nm.
High-performance PCW-DFB laser diodes using offset quantum well epitaxial structures
Authors: Lu Qianru , Zhang Yuanhao , Liu Can , Li Guojiong , Xia Juan , Lu Qiaoyin , Guo Weihua
Published: February 2024

We demonstrated a high-performance partially corrugated waveguide distributed feedback (PCW-DFB) laser with high output power, low relative intensity noise (RIN) and narrow linewidth. By introducing offset quantum-well structure that provides enough threshold gain difference for single transverse mode operation, the laser can achieve single mode behavior with an 8-µm-wide ridge waveguide. The laser has been designed by the simulation model based on the coupled wave equations, and the fabricated PCW-DFB laser with the cavity length of 1.3 mm exhibited an output power higher than 190 mW. Stable single mode characteristics have been achieved with a side-mode suppression-ratio (SMSR) over 55 dB. The RIN was less than -160.5 dB/Hz at an injection current of 470 mA, and the linewidth reached 45 kHz.