bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant Properties of Aqueous Extraction Green Tea on Some Chemical Properties of Local sheep Meat Stored in Cold Storage
Authors: Alnori H. M. A.
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was investigate the effect of adding aqueous extract of green tea on some chemical properties (thiobarbituric acid TBA, total volatile nitrogen TVN, free fatty acid FFA, and peroxide value PV) on sheep meat stored for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days at 1-4 Cº. The treatments included: the first treatment was a control treatment without addition (0 %). As for the second, third, fourth and fifth treatments, green tea leaf aqueous extract was added by 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% respectively. The results of the study showed a significant decrease for (T.B.A, T.V.N, F.F.A, and P.V) compared with control treatment for all periods. The TBA concentration decreased significantly for the fifth treatment, compared the first treatment which had the highest concentration. As for the addition treatment, the fifth treatment showed a significant decrease for all the periods . As for T.V.N, its value decreased significantly for the fifth treatment (7.01%) at the day 12 of storage period . While the first treatment had the highest (P≤0.01) concentration value of 14.72% for the same storage period. The concentration of P.V decreased significantly for the fifth treatment, (4.22%) for the last storage period (12 days), while the first treatment recorded the highest (P≤0.01) value (6.31%) for the same period of storage. With these results, green tea leaf extract can be used as a natural antioxidant to store meat for long periods in cold storage or to extend the shelf life in term of TBA, TVN, FFA and PV.
Alfalfa Meal Supplementation Producing Vitamin E and Minerals Enriched Table Eggs
Authors: Sulaiman B. F. , Al-Sardary S. Y.T.
Published: May 2021

Eggs are inexpensive nutrition source and consist of fat soluble vitamins. Vitamin E, selenium and zinc are found in a small amount in eggs. Alfalfa is an inexpensive natural source of vitamin E, selenium and zinc. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dried alfalfa in a ratio of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% in diet additive on the increase ratio of vitamin E, selenium and zinc in eggs. In this experiment, a total of 180 birds (aged 27 weeks) were ranged in 6 treatments over three replicates including 10 birds of ISA-BROWN layer in each treatment. During the 17 weeks’ experiment period (two weeks of preliminary period), the experimental results showed a significant increase in vitamin E, selenium and zinc contents. A proportional increase in the ration of vitamin E, selenium and zinc were recorded with the increase of the ration of the dried alfalfa additive in the diet. The highest ratio of the dried alfalfa (10%) showed the highest increase in the vitamin E, selenium and zinc. Moreover, no significant differences were recorded between the treatments in term of egg production performance.
Effect of Supplementing laying Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) diets with Amla and Green Tea Extracts on the Product Performance and Biochemical Parameters
Authors: Kamil Y. M. , Katab Th. , Mohammed A. B. M.
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted in the Poultry farm technical-Agriculture research center in Salah Aldeen to investigate amla and green tea extract effect to product performance and some blood parameters on Japanese quail. In total, 300 17 weeks old quail birds were used in this study and were randomly distributed into four treatments (three replicate each treatment (n=25). The treatment groups were control (basal diet) without supplement, 1% green tea extract (GT 1%), 1% amla (AM 1%) and 1% mixed (GT+AM 1%) respectively. The results show that amla extract improved egg production significantly (P≤0.05) compared to control. The egg weight and egg mass were not significant (P<0.05) between each group. Amla aqueous extract (1%) shows a significant difference in feed intake as compared to the control. Hematology traits revealed a significant increase in Red Blood Cell (RBC) and hemoglobin (Hb) in green tea and amla extracts compared with control and a significant difference was observed between the aqueous extract groups and control in PCV % value. The results showed that there are no significant differences between treatments in each of Total Protein, Albumin and Globulin, but the results indicated a significant decrease (P<0.05) of Triglyceride, Cholesterol and Glucose, in the treatments of amla and green tea aqueous extract compare the control treatment.
Effects of In-Ovo injection of Biotin on chick’s embryonic development and physiological traits
Authors: Alkubaisy S. A. , Majid A. A. , Abdulateef S. M. , Al-Bazy F. A. , Attallah O. K. , Abdualmajeed O. M. , Mohammed Th. T. , Abdulateef F. M. , Mahmud K.I.
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted at the local hatchery in Ramadi, Anbar Iraq from 1st to 23th Dec. 2018, to 26 Feb 2019. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of injected eggs hatching in times and different concentrations of Biotin in growth and embryonic development, hatchability. Six hundred eggs of hatching types (Ross 308) and injected with different concentrations of biotin at age of 0 days (before placing in the hatchery) and 18 days of incubation. Eggs were divided into five groups (120 eggs for each) as follows: 1.T0: Control group placed in the hatchery without injection. 2.T1: Injected with a dose of 100 μg biotin at age of zero. 3. T2: Injected with dose 75 μg biotin at age zero. 4.T3: Injected with a dose of 100 μg biotin at age 18 days of incubation. 5.T4: Injected with a dose of 4175 μg biotin at age of 18 days of incubation. Statistical analysis was performed (CRD) (P=0.065) results show: Increase length of the embryo, diameter of vascular region and number of pairs of somites at 3 days of incubation for T2. Increase percentage of embryonic weight, decrease the percentage of albumin and the percentage of at 7 days of incubation for T1 and T2. Increase in percentage of embryonic weight and amniotic sac and liquid, decrease in the percentage of albumin and yolk, at 14 days of incubation for T2. Increase percentage of embryonic weight, decrease the percentage of yolk at the age of 17 days incubation for T2. Increase hatchability of total eggs and fertile eggs. Decrease embryonic mortality and different stages of embryonic development. Concluded that In-Ovo injection of the hatching eggs with biotin contributed to increase physiological traits and embryonic development.
Piscicola geometra (Linnaeus, 1761) leech parasitizing two fish species hosts from Greater Zab near Aski-Kalak, Kurdistan-Iraq, morphological and molecular investigations
Authors: Hamad-Ali Sh. J. , Ali L. A.
Published: May 2021

Samples of two fish species, Cyprinus carpio and Silurus triostegus were collected from Aski-Kalak and inspected for the presence of parasitic leeches from March 2018 to February 2019 with a prevalence of 6.66 and 8.33 and mean intensity 0.10 and 0.11 respectively. Both hosts’ species were regarded as new hosts for this parasite in Iraq since no previous reports in this country. Collected leeches were fixed, preserved, and identified based on morphological and molecular techniques. For molecular identification, amplification and sequencing of 18S rDNA, with forward primer C1, (ACCCGCTGAACTTTAAGCAT, position 25), and reverse primer C3, (CTCTTCAGAGTACTTTTCAAC, position 390) were studied, while morphological identification based on well descried, and distinguished by focusing on color patterns, number vis arrangement of eyes, body annulations, gonopores shape and location, shape, location and size of body parts, in addition to some species-specific characters, criteria’s were documented by photographing and drawing illustrations.
Study The Physicochemical, Microbiological and Sensory Characteristics of Soft Cheese Incorporated with Lupine (Lupinus albus L.) Powder in Different Proportion
Authors: Al-Anbari I. H. , Khairi Sh. R. , Hassan L. K.
Published: May 2021

In this paper the effect of adding different proportions of lupine powder on the physiochemical, microbial and sensory characteristics of soft cheese was studied. lupine powder at 10, 20 and 40% was added into crud soft cheese. The T1, T2, T3 and T4 treatments in proportions of lupine powder was added (0, 10, 20, 40)% and then stored for 0, 7, 14 and 21 days at refrigeration at (8±2) oC. The proximate analysis was conducted such as moisture, ash, fat, protein, acidity and PH for each treatment. The moisture content in T2, T3 and T4 treatment was (62.72-59.31) %, (60.70-58.20) % and (70.69-65.30) %, respectively for (0 – 21) days of storage and the fat was (15.76), (16.40) and (16.30) % in T2, T3 and T4 treatment, respectively. While, the percentage of the protein was significantly high in all treatments such as T2 (15.91-15.65) %, T3 (16.06-16.10) % and T4 (16.02-16.00) % for 0 and 21 days. The total viable account, total coliform, yeast and mold count were conducted, all the treatments had no detected of coliform bacteria and molds growth during 0, 7, 14 days of storage while, they were rejected after storage for 21 days. The results of the sensory evaluation such as color, taste, flavor, texture and appearance showed the soft cheese was incorporated with lupine powder at 10% and 20% had the highest levels in comparison with 40% and control treatment. Therefore, this study was presented that utilizing of lupine powder could improve the nutritional, storage and organoleptic properties of soft cheese as well as the results indicated the inhibitory role of lupine powder in reducing the microbial load and extended the storage period.
Marketing, Technical and Economic Feasibility of Pistachio Forest Cultivation in Al-Anbar Governorate
Authors: Khalaf M. A. , Abdal Latif E. A.
Published: May 2021

Pistachios are considered one of the trees that can withstand the desert conditions in Iraq, as their cultivation is spread in the countries neighboring Iraq.This study aimed to study the technical, economic and marketing feasibility of a project to grow an orchard of pistachios in the Anbar desert on an area of 50 acres, and the study indicated that the Iraqi market can absorb the production of about two million trees in its early ages and in the long run and after the expansion of agriculture can search for external markets. The technical indicators indicated the suitability of the desert environment in Al-Anbar Governorate for this type of investment to withstand drought on the one hand and the availability of an appropriate climate for fruit ripening on the other. The cultivation of pistachios in the deserts of Iraq is considered a long-term investment and can be considered as a saving for future generations as well as the role it plays in operating the labor force as a grove of 50 dunums can be considered a source “of future family income as it achieves an annual income of 40 million dinars Annually, investing in this type of project is based on achieving two goals at the same time. The first is additional job opportunities and the other is to take advantage of environmental impacts and as part of desertification control projects. And that this project, despite its long-term revenues, can contribute In the distant future to create additional sources of foreign currency, as well as achieving a net added value of up to 37 million dinars and its ability to recover the money invested in it in the absence of a discount in the nineteenth year and can convert the accumulated present value of its net cash flows to a positive value under a discount rate 5% up to 23 years old.
The Obstacles of the Work of the General Company Laboratories for Grain Trading from the Point of View of Agricultural Staff Workers in Which they are in the Province of Baghdad.
Authors: J M. M , Al-Sireen  , Ghudhib A. A.
Published: May 2021

This research aims to identify the Obstacles faced by agricultural employees working in the laboratories of the General Company for Grain Trade in Baghdad Governorate. It also arranges the. main Fields of research in descending order in each field. Then, it organizes the Obstacles for each of the seven fields studied. The research population included (As long as the study population is 93, the number of respondents covered by the pre- test is a large number, i.e., a percentage about 33%) subjects were taken for the pretest sample, and the remaining (63) subjects were studied. Research data were collected through a research questionnaire Prepared to in order to determine the determinants of work in silos and laboratories and included two parts: the first part included the personal and functional specifications of the respondents. The second part included a scale to measure the determinants related to the examiners; consisting of (61) items distributed into (7) items presented to professional jury members to achieve face and content validity. Through the first test, some paragraphs were modified, one paragraph was removed, and (60) items were adopted. The maintaining of the form was marked using the mid-segmentation method, and the stability factor was (0.84). The weighted mean, the Pearson correlation coefficient, the Spearman correlation coefficient, T. test) The results showed that the setters facing agricultural employees are medium to high in general we conclude from this the importance of setters the determinants and finding ways t them. Training courses outside and inside the country.
Attitudes of Grain Farmers Towards Selecting and Producing Certified Seeds and Their Relationship to Some Variables in Halabja Governorate
Authors: Hasan T. M.L.
Published: May 2021

The research aimed to identify the trends of grain farmers towards selecting and producing certified seeds and their relationship to some variables in Halabja Governorate, as well as identifying the variation in farmers’attitudes towards them according to the research variables. The data were collected using a questionnaire and in the way of a personal interview from a simple random sample of (312) farmers, who represent (9%) of the size of the research community. The results of the research showed that the trends of grain farmers towards selecting and producing certified seeds in Halabja Governorate are medium and tend to be low There is no discrepancy in the farmers’attitudes towards selecting and producing certified seeds according to the research variables (number of family members, agricultural holding area, agricultural experience,the degree of informal group participation, trends towards agricultural innovations) while there is a discrepancy between farmers’attitudes towards selecting and producing certified seeds according to research variables (age, educational level, exposure to information sources), the results showed that there are several problems hindering the selection and production of certified seeds, the most important of which are (poor exploitation and sustainability of call centres with farmers to produce certified seeds, the lack of clear policies to support the production of certified seeds, The weak use of biotechnologies in developing new varieties has led to the failure of the certified seed industry to develop, so the researcher recommends intensifying specialized training courses in the field of selecting and producing certified seeds and working on modifying negative and neutral trends to positive towards selecting and producing certified seeds by educating farmers and convincing them of their usefulness. And taking into account the obstacles that the study found when preparing a future indicative plan in this area.
Risk analysis and control of farmland irrigation with coal mine water
Authors: Zhang Nan , Ni Shenhai , Peng Jinyue , Guo Xinwei , Li Haobing
Published: May 2021

Mine water is a valuable unconventional water resource. According to the discharge of mine water and the factors of geographical location, climate, geological structure, mining depth and mining method, this paper analyzes the spatial distribution and treatment process of clean, containing suspended solids, high salinity, acid and special pollution mine water in China. Based on the instability of mine water inflow, the complexity of water quality in different mining areas and the difference of treatment process, the risk factors of water quantity, water quality and economy (treatment cost and irrigation benefit) of mine water farmland irrigation were analyzed. The risk prevention and control strategy of mine water farmland irrigation is put forward, which is of great significance to ensure food security.
Research on application of Ground Penetrating Radar in road Inspection
Authors: Xu Yan , Hua Dongwen , Wang Jian , Li Jinbin
Published: May 2021

Traditional road quality inspection is time-consuming, laborious and not highly accurate. As a new type of non-destructive detection tool, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has the advantages of fast, efficient, continuous, simple and accurate operation, and is widely used. This research uses GPR to conduct non-destructive testing of cement road in a cold storage base to detect quality problems such as road diseases. Through detection, it was found that the cold storage base had no obvious cavities within 10m depth in the detection area, but there was a phenomenon of incompact and loose water accumulation. The foundation should be strengthened during construction. The thickness of the cement road was uniform, and its construction quality was good. Through on-the-spot detection, it provides reference for the ground-penetrating radar non-destructive detection of concrete roads and disaster warning.
Sand Production Mechanism Analysis of Deep Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoir in Keshen Block
Authors: Jiang Jianxun , Li Xiaofan
Published: May 2021

In order to provide reference and help for sand production control in deep tight sandstone gas reservoirs. Taking Keshen block as the research object, the sand production mechanism is analyzed and verified by experiments. The additional pressure difference, fracture development and reservoir reconstruction are considered. Through the establishment of rock mechanics model, hole additional pressure difference physical model experiment, acid rock test. It is concluded that the main sand production mechanism of this formation is shear failure, additional pressure difference of rock, sand production easily caused by natural fracture development, and rock strength decreases after acid fracturing. The rock strength decreases by 20%.
Numerical simulation study on influence of surface well location on gas distribution in Goaf
Authors: Cao Jie , Dai Linchao , Sun Haitao
Published: May 2021

Surface well extraction is an important part of coalbed methane development in coal mine area. Taking the 1303 (lower) fully mechanized working face of Yuecheng coal mine as the research object, considering the characteristics of coal and rock accumulation in the three areas of goaf, this paper uses COMSOL numerical software to simulate and analyze the gas migration characteristics of the goaf where the surface wells are located along the strike and inclination of the working face. The results show that the gas concentration in goaf decreases gradually with the progress of drainage, and surface wells in different shaft location basically reach the balance in about 2000s. The shaft location of the surface well and the gas concentration in the upper corner are exponential function. In order to ensure the safety of coal production, the distance between the well distribution and the working face should be controlled within 240m, and close to the area near the return air lane. The research results provide a reference for the selection of surface well location.
Study on air foam flooding technology to enhance oil recovery of complex fault block reservoir by water injection
Authors: Liu Huaizhu , Tian mingbang , Xie Baocai , Chen Renbao
Published: May 2021

In order to solve the problem of rapid increase in water content and decrease in production after water flooding in fault block reservoirs, the air foam flooding experiments of static low temperature oxidation, single and double sand filled tube were carried out. The results showed that there was no absolute relationship between oxygen consumption and viscosity of crude oil, and there was a turning point of water saturation. The reaction rate is greatly affected by the reaction temperature. The displacement efficiency of single pipe is increased about 15%. The injection of air foam can effectively block the high permeable strip, and the middle low permeability layer is effectively utilized, and the recovery ratio is increased by about 10.9%. The plan of air foam flooding for Gao 16 block is compiled. The injection volume is 0.1PV and the gas-liquid ratio is 2:1. The recovery factor is increased by 5% and the cumulative oil increment is 22700 tons.
Research on Application of Reverse Engineering and 3D Printing Technology in Object Recognition
Authors: Lin Shuang , Shi Xuezhi
Published: May 2021

Through the combination of reverse engineering and 3D printing technology, existing products can be upgraded or partially adjusted, which is an important method in product manufacturing. In this paper, aiming at the problems such as the easy damage of objects such as milk tea cups when accidentally falling or being hit and the recently released environmental protection plastic limit, Einscan Pro handheld 3D scanner is used to collect the surface data of milk tea cups, and the data processing, model reconstruction and precision analysis are carried out in the Geomagic series software. Then Ansys Spaceclaim software is used to model the cup sheath, and finally through FDM molding method, the use of degradable PLA materials integrated processing molding, so that its appearance is beautiful, can perfectly fit with the cup body and has a high degree of stability in the process of carrying, and is conducive to environmental protection.
Study on the Minimum Flowing Pressure Boundaries of Different Reservoirs in SZ Development Zone
Authors: Wang XiaoLei
Published: May 2021

Reasonable bottom-hole flow pressure is the guarantee for giving full play to oil well productivity and improving oilfield development efficiency. In the actual production process of the oilfield, when the bottom hole flow pressure is reduced to a certain extent, the liquid production of the oil well start to decrease, and there exist a maximum production point in the oil well. To study the minimum bottom-hole pressure limits of different water cut stages in SZ development zone, the inflow dynamic analysis model of oil well is put forward. By considering the influence factors of bottom hole flow pressure change, such as water cut, dissolved gas coefficient, saturation pressure and formation pressure change, the minimum allowable bottom hole flow pressure of SP oil layer is 1.5-2 MPa, and GTZ oil layer is 2-2.5 MPa. The proposed boundary model of bottom hole flow pressure provides theoretical guidance for reasonable flow pressure design and production allocation of oil wells.
Test Analysis and Pipeline Risk Assessment of Oil and Gas Pipeline Laying in Typical Loess Area
Authors: Jing Shaodong , Sun Ruhua , Zhang Xin , Li Xiaoqian , Wang Siyu
Published: May 2021

In recent years, with the development of oil and gas storage and transportation technology, pipelines have been successfully laid and safely operated in areas with various geological and geographical characteristics. However, for pipelines in particular sections such as collapsible loess areas and landslide ones, oil and gas pipelines will be restricted by conditions. Different problems may even occur during laying and operation. On the basis of mechanical analysis and calculation, this paper establishes a mechanical model. Combined with similar simulation experiments, the influence of water flow erosion on oil and gas pipelines under different slope laying conditions is analyzed. At the same time, the risk assessment methods of special pipe sections in loess areas are established, which have certain guiding significance and reference value for pipeline laying in loess areas.
Risk Assessment of Debris Flow Disaster Based on Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Yu Dejie , Lv Lansong
Published: May 2021

Debris flow disasters have the characteristics of large energy, strong explosiveness, and great harm. They cause irreversible damage to the environment and at the same time, seriously threaten the safety of human life and property. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the risk of debris flow. In this paper, nine factors such as the basin area, the length of the main ditch, and the cutting density of the basin along the Jinsha River are used to calculate the cumulative contribution rate to screen the principal components using the principal component analysis method, and then comprehensively score the linear combination of independent principal components. Therefore, the risk assessment of each debris flow channel is carried out, and the results obtained are compared with the methods in different documents, which shows that this method has better applicability and feasibility. This method of determining weights overcomes the shortcomings of the subjective method of determining weights and is more reasonable and objective. The research results can provide decisionmaking references for relevant departments and industries.
Disaster Prevention Route Planning of Fenglin Ancient Village Based on Space Syntax Analysis
Authors: Chun Hu , Wang Ning , Liu Yixi
Published: May 2021

The channel of a disaster prevention (hereinafter referred to as DP) system for traditional villages are roads and alleys (hereinafter referred to as RA) whose accessibility decides DP efficiency and route. This paper aims to illustrate how potential the RA of Fenglin Ancient Village (hereinafter referred to as FAV) are as DP channel and define insecure area by looking into accessibility layout which is produced by analysis on 2 indexes of space syntax (integration and choice). The result shows that the RA of FAV enjoy a high value of integration (1.059), with the middle area being most prominent. The average choice value is 1161.57, which reveals their low potential as passage. In accordance with the research result, the DP route map is planned, and strategy optimization is put forward.
Simulation of plastic waste model and control plastic waste
Authors: Wang Yifei , Fang Lanran , Zhao Lixiang
Published: May 2021

Based on this relationship, this paper attempts to ensure the use and development of plastics under the circumstance of minimizing environmental damage. Combined with the actual situation, this paper also puts forward the treatment and treatment of plastic waste in the future and the prevention and control measures. The development of plastic is now a global issue bothering the world for its wide impact on economy, politics and daily life, warning people to take effective measures as soon as possible to control white pollution and protect the ecological environment.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Water Environment Quality Based on Flow Analysis
Authors: Zhao Yichen , Guo Hongpeng , Qiao Yang , Ran Li
Published: May 2021

Taking Tianjin as an example, based on the existing research results, this author improves the framework of urban water flow map and draws a urban water flow map, by using the idea of process, and approaching from the reverse thinking of water environment → discharge (sewage) outlet→sewage treatment→ sewage collection→ water consumption→water supply →water resources. On this basis, the principal component regression method is used to find key factors affecting water environment quality in Tianjin, and provide a decision support for the overall optimization and integrated control of the urban water system.
Research on Urban Ecological Levees under the Background of the Great Protection of the Yangtze River
Authors: Zhang Fuping , Liu Guoqiang , Peng Zhenyang , Chen Jun , He Zijie
Published: May 2021

The proposal of the Yangtze River protection concept puts forward higher requirements for the ecological protection of cities along the Yangtze River. In recent years, the function of urban levees has gradually expanded from a single flood control function to ecological and social service function, playing an increasingly important role in improving the urban ecological environment and enhancing the image of city. This study proposes some new concepts of urban ecological levee planning and design, by combining the new development theory of the Yangtze River with the successful practical experience of urban ecological levee construction. Then, typical crosssections of urban ecological levee have been introduced as well as a case study of the construction of urban ecological levee. At last, some challenges of the urban ecological levee construction have been analysed. The research can provide guidelines for the planning and design of urban ecological levees.
Influence of Water Quality on the Flue Gas Desulfurization in a 350MW Coal-fired Power Plant
Authors: Liu Gaojun , Cai Xiangdong , Guo Yue , Li Qing
Published: May 2021

With the national ultra-low emission requirements, a large number of wet flue gas desulfurization has been used in the normal operation of coal-fired power plants. After long-term operation, various impurities will be enriched in the slurry of absorption tower, resulting in the reduction of desulfurization efficiency or foaming of the slurry of absorption tower, which will seriously affect the operation of the unit. It is necessary to study the influence of water quality on the desulfurization reaction of lime slurry. When the incoming water is reclaimed water, process water and filtrate respectively, the desulfurization reaction is simulated on the laboratory bench to compare its influence on the desulfurization reaction characteristics. The results show that. (1) The effect of process water on the desulfurization process is as follows. The largest amount of foaming of the desulfurization slurry and the inhibition of gypsum crystallization reaction, but the characteristics of particle size distribution in the generated gypsum slurry are most conducive to the slurry dehydration and the gypsum crystal quality is good. (2) The function of the filtrate is to minimize the foaming amount of the desulfurized slurry and the effect on the gypsum crystallization reaction. The characteristics of particle size distribution in the generated gypsum slurry are favorable for the slurry dehydration. The gypsum crystal size is the largest, but a small number of crystal particles appear at the same time, which affects the slurry dehydration to a certain extent. (3) The role of reclaimed water lies between process water and slurry.
Research on Optimization of Impregnation Conditions of Eucalyptus Veneer with Modification of Fire Retardancy
Authors: Deng Layun , Kang Di , Zhang Xi , Wang Dong , Wang Yong , Li Zhigao , Fan Youhua
Published: May 2021

The waterborne composite modifier was employed to treat Eucalyptus veneer to obtain fire retardancy. By response surface methodology (RSM), the effects of vacuum time, impregnation pressure, and impregnation time were investigated. The optimized impregnation conditions were obtained through RSM. The vacuum time, impregnation pressure, and impregnation time were 39 min, 0.9 MPa and 79 min, respectively. After validation test, under the optimized conditions, the average LOI of Eucalyptus veneer was 28.2% with the percentage error 4.49%. Therefore, this predictive model for the preparation of treated Eucalyptus veneer was accurate and reliable for practical manufacturing. Moreover, the SEM analysis illustrated that the cavity of wood was filled with modifier after impregnation under optimized conditions.
Review of Coal Gangue Characteristics and Ecological Restoration Management Technology
Authors: Li Yingte
Published: May 2021

Coal gangue has become one of the industrial wastes with the largest annual discharge and accumulated stock in China. The disorderly accumulation of coal gangue not only occupies a large amount of land resources and causes natural disasters, but also pollutes the surrounding ecological environment, which in turn affects human health and normal production and life. In this paper, the physical, chemical and pollution characteristics of coal gangue are summarized, and the ecological restoration mode is divided into two modes: traditional “end treatment” and “treatment while piling”. The action mechanism, advantages and disadvantages and application scope of various ecological restoration technologies involved in the two modes are listed, compared and analyzed, which provides scientific reference for the restoration and treatment of other similar geological environments.
Review on the Improvement of Human Settlement Environment Quality from the Perspective of Land Engineering
Authors: Liu Siqi , Zheng Junliang
Published: May 2021

Green, healthy and sustainable is the theme of China’s current development. The environmental problems caused by rapid urbanization and industrialization need to be solved. Among them, soil pollution is the most significant problem, which is also the most closely related to people’s life and work. More and more scholars begin to pay attention to the problem of soil pollution, but there is still a lack of engineering methods to achieve the expected goal. The core of land engineering is the organic reconstruction of soil, through physical, chemical and biological remediation methods to achieve the optimization of soil structure, reduce or eliminate land pollution, to meet the different needs of people. Human settlement environment is a comprehensive study of urban problems. The author thinks that the essence of urban problems is land problems. Land economy, land environment and the social equity and justice decided by them are the main aspects that affect the development of human settlement. Through the remediation of contaminated land, the human settlement will be fundamentally improved. Land engineering has important practical significance for improving the living environment, and provides a feasible path for land ecological construction.
Remediation technologies and risk assessment of soil contaminated with heavy metals
Authors: Peng Xin , Cui Yunxia , Cao Weiqi , Wu Zibo , Xia Mengru , Xu Lu
Published: May 2021

Soil contaminated with heavy metals is an urgent issue worldwide because of its great influence on human health and the ecological environment. Therefore, the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil is more important, as well as the corresponding assessment methods. This review introduces the main sources of soil contamination with heavy metals, and the soil-remediation methods, and focuses on the risk assessment methods. Study shows that the major soil-remediation methods are phytoremediation and biological techniques. The risk assessment methods include ecological and human health risks, the aim of which is to understand the soil pollution degree and evaluate the availability of the soil.
Spatial Coupling Analysis on Carbon Emission, Industrial Structure and Ecological Benefits Coordination System: Performance of the Yellow River Basin
Authors: Zhu Zeyuan , Yu Xinran , Pang Qinghua
Published: May 2021

The contradiction between economic development and ecological protection in the Yellow River Basin has been serious for a long time. This paper bases on the Yellow River Basin and takes 9 provinces (autonomous regions) along the line to establish the measurement index of carbon emission, industrial structure and ecological benefit, and analyses the trend of temporal and spatial changes. Then, it builds the model of coupling coordination degree and studies the coordinating situation and dynamic interaction relationship of each part of the Yellow River basin by empirical research. The study shows that the carbon intensity of the Yellow River Basin was in a decreasing trend from north to south and improved noticeably from 2011 to 2017, especially in Ningxia Province. It can be concluded that the carbon emission, industrial structure and ecological benefit of the Yellow River Basin was generally in a moderately coupled state during the study period. The downstream region’s coupling degree was higher than that of the middle and upstream. Shandong Province took the lead, while Henan Province has improved most significantly in recent years. It is advised to take advantage of regional differentiation, accelerate industrial transformation, and improve environmental governance to facilitate coordinating development of all regions along the Yellow River Basin.
Outbreak and Prevention of Drupa and Drupella
Authors: Ruan YiLin
Published: May 2021

In order to effectively control the outbreak of Drupa and Drupella and protect the coral reef ecosystem, the biological characteristics, outbreak period, damage degree and causes of Drupa and Drupella were summarized. At the same time, based on the investigation and analysis of the South China Sea, the control measures are put forward. The results show that the main food of Drupa and Drupella is Acropora. Drupa and Drupella has the characteristics of small individual, long breeding cycle and clustering, and its outbreak seriously damages the coral reef ecosystem. There are signs of Drupa and Drupella outbreak in South China Sea and Hong Kong. The main reasons include hurricane transit, global warming and the reduction of natural enemies. Measures such as natural enemies, artificial cleaning, tracking monitoring and early warning can be used to control Drupa and Drupella.
Research on Distribution Strategy of Charging Piles for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Wang Jifa , Zhao Wenqing
Published: May 2021

The distribution and scale of charging piles needs to consider the power allocation and environmental adaptability of charging piles. Through the multi-objective optimization modeling, the heuristic algorithm is used to analyze the distribution strategy of charging piles in the region, and the distribution of charging piles is determined to meet the minimum consumption of charging path, and then the construction scale is determined according to the calculation of environmental fitness. The rationalization of charging pile distribution and construction scale can achieve the effective allocation of distribution and transmission.
Optimization and Analyses of an Organic Rankine Cycle System Utilizing Cold Energy of Liquefied Argon
Authors: Zou Wentian , Xiao Youjun , Zhang Xi , Yi Qi , Li Le , Tong Pan , Chen Xiaoxue , Qi Jing , Zhang Wanliang
Published: May 2021

In order to study the feasibility of liquefied argon cold energy recovery by organic rankine cycle (ORC), an ORC system cooling by liquefied argon was proposed and the mathematical model was established in this paper. The thermophysical properties of several organic working substances were compared, and R218 demonstrates the best circulating performance under working condition. The operating characteristics of the ORC system under various parameters were analyzed and optimized. When the condensing pressure is 13.6kPa, the system output power reaches the peak value of 1.003kW. With the raising of the evaporation pressure, the net output power and the thermal efficiency of the ORC both increase. The raising of ambient temperature can effectively promote the circulating working substance in the evaporator to absorb heat from the air. The working substance at the exit of condenser under saturated state is propitious to the net output power of the system.
Structure Optimization of Natural Gas Engine’s Intake Pipe Based on One-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Coupled Simulation
Authors: He Haibin , Ruan Xiaodong , Wu Jie , Zhao Fujian , Wu Feng , Wang Lei , Yin Jichong
Published: May 2021

A one-dimensional and three-dimensional coupled simulation model of a natural gas engine was established by using GT-POWER and FLUENT software based on the one-dimensional and three-dimensional coupling simulation method, and the structure of the intake pipe pressure-stabilized cavity was optimized by numerical simulation. Firstly, the veracity of the above model was verified according to the engine bench test results. Then, the average intake air flow and non-uniformity of intake air at different engine speeds were simulated and analyzed by using the above model. According to the simulation results, a multi-objective optimization model was established, and a single objective evaluation function was established by using the linear weighted sum method. The results show that when the inclination angle of the stabilized cavity is 15 degrees, the comprehensive intake capacity of the intake pipe will get the best. In which the average intake air flow rate is increased by 4.3%, and the maximum air inlet non-uniformity is reduced by 10.98% compared with the original machine.
Model construction of pumped storage to promote wind-photovoltaic consumption considering uncertainty of wind-photovoltaic output
Authors: Tian Shi , Zhang Kailin , Gong Chuanzheng , Li Yanbin , Zeng Ming , Li Ximei
Published: May 2021

With the continuous development of renewable energy in China, to improve its competitiveness in the power market, this paper considers the participation of pumped storage power plants in renewable energy generation system on the basis of wind-photovoltaic complementary joint dispatching, and then proposes a wind-photovoltaic-pumped storage joint dispatching optimization method considering the uncertainty of wind and solar output. This method takes the minimum wind and solar curtailment as the goal, considers the operation constraints of wind-photovoltaic generating units and pumped storage generating units, and establishes a coordinated dispatching model, which provides the basis and theoretical basis for formulating the output scheme of the coordinated dispatching of wind, photovoltaic and pumped storage.
Quantitative hydrate deposition prediction method and application in deep-water or permafrost gas pipelines
Authors: Jing Yu , Cheng Hui , Zhuo Lubing , Sun Wenchao , li Liu , long Chang , Wang Zhiyuan
Published: May 2021

Hydrate formation in pipelines seriously affects the efficiency of energy transmission. Adopting the production process of gas pipelines in deep-water or permafrost regions as the engineering application background, hydrate formation and deposition characteristics at different locations in gas pipelines are analyzed to realize the quantitative prediction of high-risk areas and degree of hydrate plugging in pipelines. A typical deep-water gas pipeline in the South China Sea is selected as an example. The calculation results show that the long-distance pipeline exhibits an obvious hydrate blockage risk area, which occurs 700-3200 m away from the pipeline inlet. The high-risk area of hydrate plugging in the system moves upstream of the pipeline with decreasing ambient temperature. The risk of hydrate blockage increases with decreasing pipeline inner diameter. The established quantitative prediction method for hydrate deposition in deep-water or permafrost gas pipelines accurately locates high-risk areas of hydrate plugging, which could effectively guide hydrate prevention and notably reduce the cost of hydrate control in deep-water or permafrost gas pipelines.
Sedimentary Fabrics for Thrombolite Bioherm in Cambrian Zhangxia Formation in the Western Part of Shandong Province
Authors: Gong Yunyun
Published: May 2021

Thrombolite is a non-laminated fabric of microbial carbonate, which is in sharp contrast with stromatolite that is characterized by the laminated fabric. Thrombolite bioherm developed in Cambrian Zhangxia Formation in the Western part of Shandong Province mainly consists of clots that are composed of dense micrite and microspar. Both the remain of calcified extracellular polymers (EPS) and calcified cyanobacteria fossils are observed within the clot that makes up thrombolite. Within the complex microscopic fabrics, it can be observed that the remain of calcified EPS are marked by the spherical structure, the sheet structure, the mat structure, and the honeycomb-like structure, which further indicate that the formation of clots within thrombolite should belong to a complex organic mineralization process. Together with both the dense micrite and the calcified cyanobacteria fossil, the calcified EPS provides an important clue for understanding the enigmatic formation mechanism of thrombolites. Therefore, this study can provide an important clue and thinking approach for further research in the future.
Exposure hazards of oxidative stress in environmental pollutants and application of plant antioxidants
Authors: Li Changlei , Chen Xiaoqing , Yi Hui Ling , Ma Baomiao
Published: May 2021

Environmental chemical pollutants are diverse and have complex and varied exposure forms. The release of these pollutants into the environment will cause oxidative stress reaction, which is caused by excessive and uncontrolled reactive oxygen species damage to proteins, lipids and DNA. To protect the health of humans and other species, the crack problem of environmental protection, through continuous exploration, found in acid medium, rhodamine B can produce characteristic fluorescence, Feton system to produce hydroxyl radicals can rapid oxidation of rhodamine B fluorescence quenching, and many natural antioxidants can partially remove hydroxyl radicals in solution, reduce the degree of fluorescence quenching. Based on this principle, a new method for the determination of the antioxidant activity of oligosaccharide proanthocyanidins was established, which provides a new way to solve the problem of environmental pollution.
Facilitating redox kinetics of sulfur species by cobalt-nitrogen co-doped porous hollow carbon for high-performance Li-S battery
Authors: Liu Bihan , Wu Zilong , Ismail Nadia , Chen Zhuo
Published: May 2021

The shuttle effect of polysulfides is the main obstacle restricting the development of lithium-sulfur batteries. However, most efforts focused on physical adsorption and polar adsorption cannot fundamentally solve the problem of sluggish conversion of polysulfides, especially for high sulfur loading. Herein, a cobalt-nitrogen co-doped porous hollow carbon sphere (Co-CN) is synthesized in one step. The porous conductive carbon spheres can realize a rapid charge transfer, mitigate volume expansion during cycling and enhanced physical adsorption for polysulfides. Nitrogen and cobalt doping provide chemisorption and catalysis for the restriction and conversion of polysulfides. Furthermore, liquid Li2S8 polysulfide was used as sulfur source to guarantee high sulfur loading and fast redox kinetic. Benefiting from the triple effect of physical adsorption, chemical adsorption and catalysis, the Co-CN@Li2S8 cell with sulfur loading of 5.15 mg cm−2 delivers a high reversible initial capacity of 1499 mAhg−1 at 0.1C and 880.9 mAhg−1 after 100 cycles. More excitingly, the capacity decay rate was only 0.012% per cycle at 1C over 1000 cycles, indicating excellent long cycle stability. This work provides a facile and effective route for Co-CN as a sulfur host in lithium-sulfur battery.
Mechanical Properties of Grout Materials for Concrete Structure Repairs
Authors: Zega Berkat Cipta , Prayuda Hakas , Cahyati Martyana Dwi , Monika Fanny
Published: May 2021

This research studies about the characteristics of grout material used for repairs to concrete structures. The purpose of this test is to produce materials with optimum composition for use as alternative materials for grouting or retrofitting. Fresh properties testing is carried out in the form of checking the flowability value as a benchmark to determine the proportion of the mixture, in addition to the hardened properties tested in the form of water content, absorption value, specific gravity, unit weight, and initial rate of suction. The results of the fresh properties show that overall the material can be worked or applied. While the hardened properties test results show that RCFA shows quite good results compared to other types of grout material, this is indicated by the results of absorption, moisture content and initial rate of suction which is worth 0. Besides that the type of grouting RCFA also produces the highest compressive strength value that exceeds 100 MPa at 28 days. Type of grouting SSCG produces a compressive strength that is small enough that is below 10 MPa so it is recommended not to use this type of grouting to be applied to the repair of concrete structures.