bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two different sides of ‘chemobrain’: determinants and nondeterminants of self‐perceived cognitive dysfunction in a prospective, randomized, multicenter study
Authors: Hermelink Kerstin , Küchenhoff Helmut , Untch Michael , Bauerfeind Ingo , Lux Michael Patrick , Bühner Markus , Manitz Juliane , Fensterer Veronika , Münzel Karin
Published: February 2010

Objective: Complaints of cognitive dysfunction are frequent among cancer patients. Many studies have identified neuropsychological compromise associated with cancer and cancer therapy; however, the neuropsychological compromise was not related to self‐reported cognitive dysfunction. In this prospective study, the authors examined if confounding factors masked an underlying association of self‐perceived cognitive function with actual cognitive performance. Determinants of self‐perceived cognitive dysfunction were investigated.

Methods: Self‐perceived cognitive function and cognitive performance were assessed before treatment, at the end of treatment, and 1 year after baseline in 101 breast cancer patients randomized to standard versus intensified chemotherapy. Linear mixed‐effects models were applied to test the relationships of performance on neuropsychological tests, patient characteristics, and treatment variables to self‐reported cognitive function. Change of cognitive performance was tested as a predictor of change in self‐reports.

Results: Self‐perceived cognitive function deteriorated during chemotherapy and had partially recovered 1 year after diagnosis. The personality trait negative affectivity, current depression, and chemotherapy regimen were consistently related to cognitive self‐reports. No significant associations with performance in any of the 12 cognitive tests emerged. Change of cognitive performance was not reflected in self‐reports of cognitive function.

Conclusions: Neuropsychological compromise and self‐perceived cognitive dysfunction are independent phenomena in cancer patients. Generally, cancer‐associated neuropsychological compromise is not noticed by affected patients, but negative affectivity and treatment burden induce pessimistic self‐appraisals of cognitive functioning regardless of the presence of neuropsychological compromise. Clinicians should consider this when determining adequate therapy for patients who complain of ‘chemobrain’. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A web‐based decision support system to enhance IPM programs in Washington tree fruit
Authors: Jones Vincent P , Brunner Jay F , Grove Gary G , Petit Brad , Tangren Gerald V , Jones Wendy E
Published: February 2010

BACKGROUND: Integrated pest management (IPM) decision‐making has become more information intensive in Washington State tree crops in response to changes in pesticide availability, the development of new control tactics (such as mating disruption) and the development of new information on pest and natural enemy biology. The time‐sensitive nature of the information means that growers must have constant access to a single source of verified information to guide management decisions.

RESULTS: The authors developed a decision support system for Washington tree fruit growers that integrates environmental data [140 Washington State University (WSU) stations plus weather forecasts from NOAA], model predictions (ten insects, four diseases and a horticultural model), management recommendations triggered by model status and a pesticide database that provides information on non‐target impacts on other pests and natural enemies. A user survey in 2008 found that the user base was providing recommendations for most of the orchards and acreage in the state, and that users estimated the value at $ 16 million per year.

CONCLUSIONS: The design of the system facilitates education on a range of time‐sensitive topics and will make it possible easily to incorporate other models, new management recommendations or information from new sensors as they are developed. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Field leaching of pesticides at five test sites in Hawaii: study description and results
Authors: Dusek Jaromir , Sanda Martin , Loo Binh , Ray Chittaranjan
Published: February 2010

BACKGROUND: Following the discovery of pesticides in wells, the Hawaii Department of Agriculture (HDOA) supported research to evaluate the likelihood of pesticide leaching to the groundwater in Hawaii. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative leaching pattern of five pesticides at five different sites on three islands and to compare their leaching behavior with bromide and a reference chemical (atrazine) that is known to leach in Hawaiian conditions. Laboratory measurements of sorption and degradation of the pesticides were made.

RESULTS: Most of the applied mass of pesticides was still present in the top 80 cm after the 16 week study period. The aggregated oxisol at Kunia showed the most intensive leaching among the five sites. The revised attenuation factor screening approach used by the HDOA indicated that all chemicals, with the exception of trifloxystrobin, had the potential to leach. Similarly, the groundwater ubiquity score ranked trifloxystrobin as a non‐leacher. The field leaching data, however, suggested that trifloxystrobin was the most mobile compound among the pesticides tested.

CONCLUSION: Although the results were variable among the sites, the field and laboratory experiments provided useful information for regulating use of these pesticides in Hawaii. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Magnetic properties of cobalt‐carbon nanocomposites
Authors: Matsui Denys , Prylutskyy Yuriy , Matzui Ludmila , Zakharenko Mykola , Le Normand François , Derory Alain
Published: February 2010

The paper presents the results of experimental study of the structure and magnetic characteristics of Co‐graphite compounds, which were obtained by metal reduction of metal chlorides in graphite intercalated compound (GIC) by C8K. The obtained materials were shown to have heterogeneous structure consisting of nanographite matrix in which nanoclusters of Co‐GIC are distributed. Magnetic field was applied either along or perpendicularly to the C‐axis. It was shown that magnetism of this compound is determined mainly by nanoclusters of Co‐GIC for which high anisotropy of magnetic characteristic were observed. ZFC and FC temperature dependences of magnetic susceptibility indicate the formation spin glass state below ∼20 K. It was also shown that experimental dependences of magnetization contain the contribution due to antiferromagnetic sublattice and magnetizationdue to uncompensated magnetic moments (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Production of high quality carbon nanotubes for less than $1 per gram
Authors: Smajda R. , Mionic M. , Duchamp M. , Andresen J. C. , Forró L. , Magrez A.
Published: February 2010

In this article, we report on the mass production of carbon nanotubes using a continuous production system based on a rotary tube furnace. At first, we have optimized the composition of the metallic nanoparticles. Bimetallic Fe2Ni and Fe2Co alloys exhibit higher catalytic activity than pure Fe, Co or Ni. Then, catalyst production process has been modified for the preparation of large quantity of catalyst with low aggregation suitable for large scale synthesis of CNTs. A production rate of about 1.2 kg per day has been achieved. This is yielding to a cost production of less than $1 per gram. Finally, we show that the CNTs growth can also be obtained on naturally occurring calcite support for further cost reduction of the synthesis. Quality of the CNTs produced has been established by measuring their mechanical properties using AFM. Young's modulus of the CNTs can be as high as the ideal value of 1 TPa. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Concentration‐dependent effect of (−) epicatechin in hypertensive patients
Authors: Kumar Navneet , Kant Ruchi , Maurya Pawan Kumar
Published: February 2010

Non‐vitamin polyphenolic compounds are ubiquitous in food plants and therefore potentially present in human plasma in a diet‐dependent concentration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration‐dependent effect of (−) epicatechin, a polyphenol present in green tea with antioxidant activity, on various biomarkers of oxidative stress. The current study examined the in vitro concentration‐dependent (10−4 M to 10−7 M) effects of (−) epicatechin on biomarkers of oxidative stress viz. malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), membrane sulfhydryl (‐SH) group and protein carbonyl content in hypertensive patients and normal ones. This effect seems to be due to ability of (−) epicatechin to reduce MDA and protein carbonyl content while increase in GSH and membrane ‐SH group in hypertensive patients. It can be concluded that (‐) epicatechin exerts an antioxidant action inside the cell, responsible for the observed modulation of cellular response to oxidative challenges. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability of the Rydberg atom in the crossed magnetic and electric fields
Authors: Guirao Juan L. G. , Vera Juan A.
Published: February 2010

The stability of equilibrium positions of the Rydberg atom exposed to the uniform crossed electric and magnetic fields is analyzed. The dynamics of the system is described by an autonomous Hamiltonian depending on parameters a and f. By the normalization of the quadratic part of the Hamiltonian expansion in the neighborhood of the equilibrium position it is proved that for any f < 0 and ${1 \over 2} < a < {1 \over 2} + {{( - f)^{3/2} } \over {3\sqrt 3 }}$, the equilibrium solution of the equations of motion is stable in Liapunov sense, while for f > 0 and a < 1/2, there is a domain of instability in the plain of parameters Ofa bounded by the curve d3 = 0. In the domain of linear stability, it is proved that there are two curves in the plane Ofa, where the resonance conditions of third (ω1 = 2ω2) and fourth (ω1 = 3ω2) order are fulfilled. Moreover, by the normalization of the third‐ and fourth‐order terms in the Hamiltonian expansion it is proved that in the case of the third‐order resonance, the equilibrium position is unstable for all f > 0 different from f = 0.111572 and f = 0.281144, for which the stability takes place. In the case of the fourth‐order resonance, there are two intervals of parameters for which the equilibrium position is unstable. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Theoretical study of mechanism of cycloaddition reaction between dichloro‐germylene carbene (Cl2GeC:) and aldehyde
Authors: Lu Xiu Hui , Che Xin , Shi Le Yi , Han Jun Feng , Lian Zhen Xia
Published: February 2010

The mechanism of the cycloaddition reaction between singlet dichloro‐germylene carbene and aldehyde has been investigated with MP2/6‐31G* method, including geometry optimization and vibrational analysis for the involved stationary points on the potential energy surface. The energies of the different conformations are calculated by zero‐point energy and CCSD (T)//MP2/6‐31G* method. From the potential energy profile, it can be predicted that the reaction has two competitive dominant reaction pathways. The channel (A) consists of four steps: (1) the two reactants (R1, R2) first form an intermediate INT2 through a barrier‐free exothermic reaction of 142.4 kJ/mol; (2) INT2 then isomerizes to a four‐membered ring compound P2 via a transition state TS2 with energy barrier of 8.4 kJ/mol; (3) P2 further reacts with aldehyde (R2) to form an intermediate INT3, which is also a barrier‐free exothermic reaction of 9.2 kJ/mol; (4) INT3 isomerizes to a germanic bis‐heterocyclic product P3 via a transition state TS3 with energy barrier of 4.5 kJ/mol. The process of channel (B) is as follows: (1) the two reactants (R1, R2) first form an intermediate INT4 through a barrier‐free exothermic reaction of 251.5 kJ/mol; (2) INT4 further reacts with aldehyde (R2) to form an intermediate INT5, which is also a barrier‐free exothermic reaction of 173.5 kJ/mol; (3) INT5 then isomerizes to a germanic bis‐heterocyclic product P5 via a transition state TS5 with an energy barrier of 69.4 kJ/mol. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
DFT study of the structure and property of small organic hole‐transporting molecules
Authors: Mi Shizhen , Chen Dezhan , Lu Nan
Published: February 2010

In this article, all calculations are performed at B3LYP/6‐31G** level. For each one of the molecule, including triphenylamine (TPA), N,N′‐diphenyl‐N,N′‐bis(3‐methyllphenyl)‐(1,1′‐biphenyl)‐4,4′‐diamine (TPD), biphenyl (Bp), and their derivatives (TPAs, TPDs, Bps, respectively), the geometry is optimized for both neutral and radical‐cation states. Their reorganization energy is then compared. It seems that it is the monomer, TPAs, and not the central biphenyl moiety that determines the properties of TPDs. However, this is contradictory of some previous results. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Toward a regional quantum description of the positronic systems: Primary considerations
Authors: Nasertayoob Payam , Goli Mohammad , Shahbazian Shant
Published: February 2010

This article presents the foundations of a regional quantum description of the positronic systems; molecules containing positron(s), the antielectron. It is demonstrated that by introducing a novel scalar function, called μ‐field, it is possible to construct a positronic local zero‐flux equation. This equation is the basis of the topological analysis of the quantum structure as well as delineating the boundaries of the positronic subsystems, which are 3D regions with well‐defined regional kinetic energies. Furthermore, the positronic subsystem hypervirial theorem is proposed, which yields the regional quantum theorems for the positronic subsystems. The regional virial, force, and continuity theorems are all derivable from the positronic subsystem hypervirial theorem. The primary computational considerations on LiH,e+illustrate that the positronic zero‐flux equation results to reasonable subsystems; that is, to 3D regions similar to those derived previously in purely electronic systems. The general approach proposed in this study is extendable to other exotic species and pave the way toward a unified regional description of these systems. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Multipole expansions of orbital products about an intermediate center
Authors: Talman James D.
Published: February 2010

A numerical method described previously (Talman, Int J Quantum Chem, 2007, 107, 1578) is reviewed and a modified formulation that may be more computationally efficient is presented. Modifications required for the application to real harmonics are described. The method requires the numerical evaluation of a one‐dimensional integral on a finite interval, and an improved method for this is described. The application to the evaluation of electron–electron repulsion four‐center integrals is also discussed. It is indicated that μ H accuracy is obtainable with modest computational effort. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Evidence for the production of NO and N2O in two contrasting subsoils following the addition of synthetic cattle urine
Authors: Dixon E. R. , Laughlin R. J. , Watson C. J. , Hatch D. J.
Published: February 2010

Nitrogenous materials can be transferred out of the topsoil, either vertically to a greater depth, or in lateral pathways to surface waters, and they may also become transformed, with the potential of generating environmentally active agents. We measured the production of NO and N2O in two contrasting subsoils (70 to 90 cm): one poorly drained and the other freely drained and compared this with the topsoil (0 to 20 cm) of the corresponding soils. The soils were incubated aerobically in jars with subtreatments of either synthetic cattle urine or deionised water and sampled at intervals up to 34 days.15N‐NOwas used to determine the processes responsible for NO and N2O production. The headspace was analysed for the concentrations of N2O, NO and CO2and15N enrichment of N2O. The soil samples were extracted and analysed for NO, NOand NH, and the15N enrichment of the extracts was measured after conversion into N2O and N2.

The study demonstrated the potential for NO, N2O and NOto be generated from subsoils in laboratory incubations. Differences in these N dynamics occurred due to subsoil drainage class. In the freely drained subsoil the rates of NO and NOproduction were higher than those observed for the corresponding topsoil, with mean maximum production rates of 3.5 µg NO‐N g−1dry soil on day 16 and 0.12 µg NO‐N g−1dry soil on day 31. The calculated total losses of N2O‐N as percentages of the applied synthetic urine N were 0.37% (freely drained subsoil), 0.24% (poorly drained subsoil), 0.43% (freely drained topsoil) and 2.09% (poorly drained topsoil). The calculated total losses of NO‐N as percentages of the applied synthetic urine N were 1.53% (freely drained subsoil), 0.02% (poorly drained subsoil), 0.25% (freely drained topsoil) and 0.08% (poorly drained topsoil). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crack‐free sol‐gel coatings for protection of AA1050 aluminium alloy
Authors: Feng Z. , Liu Y. , Thompson G. E. , Skeldon P.
Published: February 2010

Organically modified sol‐gel coatings have been investigated as potential replacements for chromate conversion treatments of an AA1050 aluminium alloy. The coatings were prepared by combination of a completely hydrolysable precursor of tetra‐n‐propoxyzirconium (TPOZ), with a partially hydrolysable precursor of glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS). GPTMS contains an organic functional group, which is retained in the sol‐gel coatings after the hydrolysis–condensation process. Different GPTMS/TPOZ ratios and withdrawal speeds were studied. Coatings produced using a low GPTMS/TPOZ ratio and a high withdrawal speed generated significant cracks due to the shrinkage of the coatings, with no corrosion protection of the alloy. It was found that increase of organic moieties reduced the shrinkage of the coatings and the tendency for crack formation. By control of process parameters and ratios of organic and inorganic moieties, crack‐free sol‐gel coatings above 1 µm thick, with improved corrosion protection, can be produced on the alloy surface. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A rare cause of abdominal pain in early pregnancy
Authors: Matiluko Adebimpe F. , Smith Kevin M.
Published: February 2010

The authors present a case history of a pregnant woman with abdominal pain who was found to have torsion of an ovary and fallopian tube. This condition is rare in pregnancy and the case highlights the diagnostic challenges involved. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
Robot‐Assisted Pediatric Surgery: How Far Can We Go?
Authors: Alqahtani Aayed , Albassam Abdullrahman , Zamakhshary Mohammed , Shoukri Mohammed , Altokhais Tariq , Aljazairi Ayman , Alzahim Abdullrhman , Mallik Mohammed , Alshehri Abdullah
Published: February 2010

Background

The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and feasibility of performing robot‐assisted pediatric surgery using the da Vinci Surgical System in a variety of surgical procedures.

Methods

A retrospective review of 144 robot‐assisted pediatric surgical procedures performed in our institution between June 2004 and December 2007 was done. The procedures included the following: 39 fundoplications; 34 cholecystectomies; 25 gastric bandings; 13 splenectomies; 4 anorectal pull‐through operations for imperforate anus; 4 nephrectomies; 4 appendectomies; 4 sympathectomies; 3 choledochal cyst excisions with hepaticojejunostomies; 3 inguinal hernia repairs; two each of the following: liver cyst excision, repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, Heller’s myotomy, and ovarian cyst excision; and one each of the following: duodeno‐duodenostomy, adrenalectomy, and hysterectomy.

Results

A total of 134 procedures were successfully completed without conversion; 7 additional cases were converted to open surgery, and 3 were converted to laparoscopic surgery. There were no system failures (e.g., setup joint, arm, or camera malfunction; power error; monocular or binocular loss; metal fatigue or break of surgeon’s console hand piece; software incompatibility). There was one esophageal perforation and two cases of transient dysphagia following Nissen fundoplication. The mean patient age was 8.9 years, and the mean patient weight was 57 kg.

Conclusions

Robot‐assisted surgery appears to be safe and feasible for a number of pediatric surgical procedures. Further system improvement and randomized studies are required to evaluate the benefits, if any, and the long‐term outcomes of robotic surgery.
Quality of Biodiesel Prepared from Phorbol Ester Extracted Jatropha curcas Oil
Authors: Devappa Rakshit Kodekalra , Maes Jeroen , Makkar Harinder Paul Singh , De Greyt Wim , Becker Klaus
Published: February 2010

Jatropha curcas seeds are rich in oil (28–32%), which can be converted to high quality biodiesel. The oil is non‐edible due to the presence of toxic compounds, namely, phorbol esters (PEs). PEs have a number of agricultural/medicinal/pharmaceutical applications and hence their recovery generates a value added co‐product towards the biodiesel production chain. This study aims to assess the effects of PE extraction on quality of both the residual oil and the biodiesel production from it. Two Approaches (1, use of an Ultra‐turrax; and 2, use of a magnetic stirrer) were used with an effective treatment time of 2 and 5 min, resulting in 80 and 78% extraction of PEs, respectively. The phosphorus content was reduced by 70.2 and 75.8%, free fatty acids by 55.3 and 55.6%, and the fatty acid composition did not change in the residual oils. The peroxide value increased from 2.69 (untreated oil) to 3.01 and 3.49 mequiv O2/kg in the residual oils following Approach 1 and Approach 2, respectively. The biodiesel prepared from both residual oils met European (EN 14214:2008) and American biodiesel standard (ASTM D6751‐09) specifications. Oxidative stability indices for both the biodiesels were well within the permitted limit. It is concluded that PEs could be isolated in active forms for various applications by either of the two methods with a high yield and the residual oil can be processed to produce high quality biodiesel.
The redox state of the plastoquinone pool directly modulates minimum chlorophyll fluorescence yield in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Hohmann-Marriott Martin F. , Takizawa Kenji , Eaton-Rye Julian J. , Mets Laurens , Minagawa Jun
Published: February 2010

The effect of the plastoquionone (PQ) pool oxidation state on minimum chlorophyll fluorescence was studied in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In wild type and a mutant strain that lacks both photosystems but retains light harvesting complexes, oxygen depletion induced a rise in minimum chlorophyll fluorescence. An increase in minimum fluorescence yield is also observed when the PQ pool becomes reduced in the presence of oxygen and after application of an ionophore that collapses the transmembrane proton gradient. Together these results indicate that minimum chlorophyll fluorescence is modulated by the PQ oxidation state.
Alteration of selective neurotransmitters in fetal brains of prenatally alcohol‐treated C57BL/6 mice: quantitative analysis using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Sari Youssef , Hammad Loubna A. , Saleh Marwa M. , Rebec George V. , Mechref Yehia
Published: February 2010

We previously demonstrated that prenatal alcohol exposure results in brain defects at different embryonic stages. This study is aimed at characterizing the influence of prenatal alcohol exposure on the levels of several neurotransmitters at early embryonic stage 13 (E13). Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were exposed to either a 25% ethanol derived calorie diet (ALC) or pair‐fed (PF) liquid diet from E7 to E13. At E13, fetal brains were collected from dams of the ALC and PF groups. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS) was then used to evaluate neurotransmitter levels. This approach involved the use of an LC column in conjunction with multiple‐reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. Quantitative analyses of catecholamines, idolamine, and amino acid neurotransmitters revealed significant reductions in the levels of dopamine (p= 0.004), norepinephrine (p= 0.0009), epinephrine (p= 0.0002), serotonin (p= 0.004), and GABA (p= 0.002) in the ALC group compared to the PF group. However, there was no significant change in the levels of glutamate in E13 fetal brains. These findings demonstrate that prenatal alcohol exposure reduces the concentrations of some catecholamines, idolamine, and amino acid neurotransmitters in E13 fetal brains. This study suggests that alterations of selective neurotransmitters may be the cause of abnormalities in brain function and behavior found in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
Barbarism and Religion
Authors: Pocock J. G. A.
Published: February 2010

'Barbarism and Religion' - Edward Gibbon's own phrase - is the title of a sequence of works by John Pocock designed to situate Gibbon, and his Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, in a series of contexts in the history of eighteenth-century Europe. In the fourth volume in the sequence, first published in 2005, Pocock argues that barbarism was central to the history of western historiography, to the history of the Enlightenment, and to Edward Gibbon himself. As a concept it was deeply problematic to Enlightened historians seeking to understand their own civilised societies in the light of exposure to newly discovered civilisations which were, until then, beyond the reach of history itself.
Flora of Great Britain and Ireland
Authors: Sell Peter , Murrell Gina , Walters S. M.
Published: February 2010

Planned in five volumes, this critical Flora provides a definitive account of the native species, naturalised species, frequent garden escapes and casuals found in the British Isles. Full keys and descriptions will enable the user to name all plants occurring in the wild, plus some ornamental trees and shrubs. For the first time detailed accounts of all the large apomictic genera are given and many infraspecific variants included. Each species entry begins with the accepted Latin name, synonyms and the common English name. A detailed description follows, including information on flowering period, pollination and chromosome number. Separate descriptions are given for infraspecific taxa. Information on the status, ecology and distribution (including worldwide distribution) of the species and infraspecific taxa is also given. Clear black and white line drawings illustrate an extensive glossary and also illuminate the diagnostic features in a number of groups of plants.
Perturbation of the Boundary in Boundary-Value Problems of Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Henry Dan
Published: February 2010

Perturbation of the boundary is a rather neglected topic in the study of PDEs for two main reasons. First, on the surface it appears trivial, merely a change of variables and an application of the chain rule. Second, carrying out such a change of variables frequently results in long and difficult calculations. In this book, first published in 2005, the author carefully discusses a calculus that allows the computational morass to be bypassed, and he goes on to develop more general forms of standard theorems, which help answer a wide range of problems involving boundary perturbations. Many examples are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the author's approach, while on the other hand many tantalizing open questions remain. Anyone whose research involves PDEs will find something of interest in this book.
Knowledge, Discovery and Imagination in Early Modern Europe
Authors: Reiss Timothy J.
Published: February 2010

Recent explanations of changes in early modern European thought speak much of a move from orality and emphasis on language to print culture and a 'spatial' way of thinking. Timothy J. Reiss offers a more complex explanation for the massive changes that occurred. He describes how by the late fifteenth century the language arts of the trivium had come to seem useful only for communication, teaching and public debate, and how humanists turned to the mathematical arts of the quadrivium - including music - to enable new means and methods of discovery. Reiss goes on to argue that the new 'mathematical' ideal formed the basis of wide sociocultural renewal; he analyses Northern vernacular grammars, examines the work of French and Italian mathematicians, musicians and philosophers including Descartes, and censures such modern commonplaces as the supposed impact of print and 'spatial' thinking. He ends by exploring the broad impact of this 'mathematisation' of the Western imagination.
Stochastic Integration with Jumps
Authors: Bichteler Klaus
Published: February 2010

Stochastic processes with jumps and random measures are importance as drivers in applications like financial mathematics and signal processing. This 2002 text develops stochastic integration theory for both integrators (semimartingales) and random measures from a common point of view. Using some novel predictable controlling devices, the author furnishes the theory of stochastic differential equations driven by them, as well as their stability and numerical approximation theories. Highlights feature DCT and Egoroff's Theorem, as well as comprehensive analogs results from ordinary integration theory, for instance previsible envelopes and an algorithm computing stochastic integrals of càglàd integrands pathwise. Full proofs are given for all results, and motivation is stressed throughout. A large appendix contains most of the analysis that readers will need as a prerequisite. This will be an invaluable reference for graduate students and researchers in mathematics, physics, electrical engineering and finance who need to use stochastic differential equations.
Music and Patronage in Sixteenth-Century Mantua
Authors: Fenlon Iain
Published: February 2010

This book is a companion volume to Music and Patronage in Sixteenth-Century Mantua I. The relationship between the volumes is not direct in the sense that specific references are made in volume I to specific features of the works in volume II. Rather, the present volume stands on its own as an anthology of compositions which could all be described as products of the system of patronage discussed in volume I. In various ways these ceremonial and domestic compositions illuminate the environment that brought them into being and that enabled them to survive. At the same time, the selection illustrates the variety of styles employed by composers in the Gonzaga service from Jacques of Mantua to Claudio Monteverdi. The collection includes works both by little-known Mantuan musicians and by some of the most important composers of the sixteenth century.
Slavery, Colonialism and Economic Growth in Dahomey, 1640–1960
Authors: Manning Patrick
Published: February 2010

The small but important region of Dahomey (now the People's Republic of Benin) has played an active role in the world economy throughout the era of mercantile and industrial capitalism, beginning as an exporter of slaves and becoming an exporter of plain oil and palm kernels. This book covers a span of three centuries, integrating into a single framework the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial economic history of Dahomey. Mr Manning has pieced together an extensive body of new evidence and new interpretations: he has combined descriptive evidence with quantitative data on foreign trade, slave demography and colonial government finance, and has used both Marxian and Neoclassical techniques of economic analysis. He argues that, despite the severe strain on population and economic growth caused by the slave trade, the economy continued to expand from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century, and the colonial state acted as an economic depressant rather than a stimulant.
Science and Empire
Authors: Cranefield Paul F.
Published: February 2010

East Coast fever is a lethal disease of cattle, caused by a parasite that multiplies within T-lymphocytes, causing them to become lymphoblasts that behave like cells in leukaemia and lymphoma. This is the story of the disease and its effects on farmers, as well as of the scientists who studied it. The disease was unknown to western science or to veterinary practice until it was introduced into Rhodesia in 1901. It devastated the cattle-raising and ox-cart dependent transport systems of Rhodesia and South Africa and was not fully brought under control for some 50 years. The book describes the social and economic impact of the outbreak, the scientific investigations into it, and the effort to control it. The scientific study of the disease was done in part by the famous bacteriologist Robert Koch, whose many early errors had a negative effect on later investigators whose work was far more sound.
Vector Analysis
Authors: Kemmer N.
Published: February 2010

Vector analysis provides the language that is needed for a precise quantitative statement of the general laws and relationships governing such branches of physics as electromagnetism and fluid dynamics. The account of the subject is aimed principally at physicists but the presentation is equally appropriate for engineers. The justification for adding to the available textbooks on vector analysis stems from Professor Kemmer's novel presentation of the subject developed through many years of teaching, and in relating the mathematics to physical models. While maintaining mathematical precision, the methodology of presentation relies greatly on the visual, geometric aspects of the subject and is supported throughout the text by many beautiful illustrations that are more than just schematic. A unification of the whole body of results developed in the book - from the simple ideas of differentiation and integration of vector fields to the theory of orthogonal curvilinear coordinates and to the treatment of time-dependent integrals over fields - is achieved by the introduction from the outset of a method of general parametrisation of curves and surfaces.
The Sources of Social Power
Authors: Mann Michael
Published: February 2010

This is the first part of a three-volume work on the nature of power in human societies. In it, Michael Mann identifies the four principal 'sources' of power as being control over economic, ideological, military, and political resources. He examines the interrelations between these in a narrative history of power from Neolithic times, through ancient Near Eastern civilisations, the classical Mediterranean age, and medieval Europe, up to just before the Industrial Revolution in England. Rejecting the conventional monolithic concept of a 'society', Dr. Mann's model is instead one of a series of overlapping, intersecting power networks. He makes this model operational by focusing on the logistics of power - how the flow of information, manpower, and goods is controlled over social and geographical space-thereby clarifying many of the 'great debates' in sociological theory. The present volume offers explanations of the emergence of the state and social stratification.
White Aborigines
Authors: McLean Ian
Published: February 2010

This book investigates how identities have been constructed in Australian art from 1788 onwards. Ian McLean shows that Australian art, and the writing of its history, has, since settlement, been in a dialogue (although often submerged) with Aboriginal art and culture; and that this dialogue is inextricably interwoven with the struggle to find an identity in the antipodes. Beginning with a discussion of how Australia was imagined by Europeans before colonisation, McLean traces the representation of indigeneity through the history of Australian art, and the concomitant invention of an Australian subjectivity. He argues that the colonising culture invested far more in indigenous aspects of the country and its inhabitants than it has been willing to admit. McLean considers artists and their work within a cultural context, and also provides a contemporary theoretical and critical context for his claims.
Hegel's Political Theology
Authors: Shanks Andrew
Published: February 2010

This study begins with an examination of Milan Kundera's concept of 'kitsch', which is defined and investigated in his novel The Unbearable Lightness of Being. The author here describes this concept as 'the cliché which bonds the crowd together - the means by which the thought control of the hierarchy or peer group is dressed up, internalised, and rendered seductive'. Dr Shanks relates kitsch and its dangers to the thought of Hegel, whom he regards as a religious reformer wrestling with the issue at the deepest level. What, he asks, is required to rescue the Christian gospel from its pervasive corruption, which takes the form either of ecclesiastical authoritarianism, or else a privatized, 'atomistic' spirituality? The author shows Hegel's answer to be twofold. It involves, on the one hand, a decisive theological re-evaluation of the secular political realm; and on the other, a philosophical clarification of the inner truth of the Incarnation - a strictly 'inclusive' christology. This book sets out to show the centrality of such a practical concern to Hegel's systematic theoretical enterprise as a whole.
Lie Algebras, Geometry, and Toda-Type Systems
Authors: Razumov Alexander V. , Saveliev Mikhail V.
Published: February 2010

This book introduces the use of Lie algebra and differential geometry methods to study nonlinear integrable systems of Toda type. Many challenging problems in theoretical physics are related to the solution of nonlinear systems of partial differential equations. One of the most fruitful approaches in recent years has resulted from a merging of group algebraic and geometric techniques. The book gives a comprehensive introduction to this exciting branch of science. Chapters 1 and 2 review basic notions of Lie algebras and differential geometry with an emphasis on further applications to integrable nonlinear systems. Chapter 3 contains a derivation of Toda type systems and their general solutions based on Lie algebra and differential geometry methods. The last chapter examines explicit solutions of the corresponding equations. The book is written in an accessible 'lecture note' style with many examples and exercises to illustrate key points and to reinforce understanding.
Applied Solid Mechanics
Authors: Howell Peter , Kozyreff Gregory , Ockendon John
Published: February 2010

The world around us, natural or man-made, is built and held together by solid materials. Understanding their behaviour is the task of solid mechanics, which is in turn applied to many areas, from earthquake mechanics to industry, construction to biomechanics. The variety of materials (metals, rocks, glasses, sand, flesh and bone) and their properties (porosity, viscosity, elasticity, plasticity) is reflected by the concepts and techniques needed to understand them: a rich mixture of mathematics, physics and experiment. These are all combined in this unique book, based on years of experience in research and teaching. Starting from the simplest situations, models of increasing sophistication are derived and applied. The emphasis is on problem-solving and building intuition, rather than a technical presentation of theory. The text is complemented by over 100 carefully-chosen exercises, making this an ideal companion for students taking advanced courses, or those undertaking research in this or related disciplines.
A Thematic Guide to Optimality Theory
Authors: McCarthy John J.
Published: February 2010

This book describes Optimality Theory from the top down, explaining and exploring the central premises of OT and the results of their praxis. Examples are drawn from phonology, morphology, and syntax, but the emphasis throughout is on the theory rather than the examples, on understanding what is special about OT and on equipping readers to apply it, extend it, and critique it in their own areas of interest. To enhance the book's usefulness for researchers in allied disciplines, the topdown view of OT extends to work on first- and second-language acquisition, phonetics and functional phonology, computational linguistics, historical linguistics, and sociolinguistics. Furthermore, to situate OT for those coming from other traditions, this book also contains much discussion of OT's intellectual origins, its predecessors, and its contemporary competitors. Each chapter concludes with extensive suggestions for further reading, classified by topics, and supplemented by a massive bibliography (over 800 items). The book ends with a list of frequently asked questions about Optimality Theory, with brief answers and pointers to a fuller treatment in the text.
How New Languages Emerge
Authors: Lightfoot David
Published: February 2010

New languages are constantly emerging, as existing languages diverge into different forms. To explain this fascinating process, we need to understand how languages change and how they emerge in children. In this pioneering study, David Lightfoot explains how languages come into being, arguing that children are the driving force. He explores how new systems arise, how they are acquired by children, and how adults and children play different, complementary roles in language change. Lightfoot makes an important distinction between 'external language' (language as it exists in the world), and 'internal language' (language as represented in an individual's brain). By examining the interplay between the two, he shows how children are 'cue-based' learners, who scan their external linguistic environment for new structures, making sense of the world outside in order to build their internal language. Engaging and original, this book offers an interesting account of language acquisition, variation and change.
Statistical Mechanics of Disordered Systems
Authors: Bovier Anton
Published: February 2010

This self-contained book is a graduate-level introduction for mathematicians and for physicists interested in the mathematical foundations of the field, and can be used as a textbook for a two-semester course on mathematical statistical mechanics. It assumes only basic knowledge of classical physics and, on the mathematics side, a good working knowledge of graduate-level probability theory. The book starts with a concise introduction to statistical mechanics, proceeds to disordered lattice spin systems, and concludes with a presentation of the latest developments in the mathematical understanding of mean-field spin glass models. In particular, progress towards a rigorous understanding of the replica symmetry-breaking solutions of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick spin glass models, due to Guerra, Aizenman-Sims-Starr and Talagrand, is reviewed in some detail.
Germans, Jews, and Antisemites
Authors: Volkov Shulamit
Published: February 2010

The ferocity of the Nazi attack upon the Jews took many by surprise. Volkov argues that a new look at both the nature of antisemitism and at the complexity of modern Jewish life in Germany is required in order to provide an explanation. While antisemitism had a number of functions in pre-Nazi German society, it most particularly served as a cultural code, a sign of belonging to a particular political and cultural milieu. Surprisingly, it only had a limited effect on the lives of the Jews themselves. By the end of the nineteenth century, their integration was well advanced. Many of them enjoyed prosperity, prestige, and the pleasures of metropolitan life. This book stresses the dialectical nature of assimilation, the lead of the Jews in the processes of modernization, and, finally, their continuous efforts to 'invent' a modern Judaism that would fit their new social and cultural position.
Welfare Reform and Sexual Regulation
Authors: Smith Anna Marie
Published: February 2010

Inspired by the political interventions of feminist women of color and Foucauldian social theory, Anna Marie Smith explores the scope and structure of the child support enforcement, family cap, marriage promotion, and abstinence education measures that are embedded within contemporary United States welfare policy. Presenting original legal research and drawing from historical sources, social theory, and normative frameworks, the author argues that these measures violate the rights of poor mothers. Drawing on several historical precedents the author shows that welfare policy has consistently constructed the sexual conduct of the racialized poor mother as one of its primary disciplinary targets. The book concludes with a vigorous and detailed critique of Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton's support for welfare reform law and an outline of a progressive feminist approach to poverty policy.
A Primer of Infinitesimal Analysis
Authors: Bell John L.
Published: February 2010

One of the most remarkable recent occurrences in mathematics is the refounding, on a rigorous basis, of the idea of infinitesimal quantity, a notion which played an important role in the early development of the calculus and mathematical analysis. In this new edition basic calculus, together with some of its applications to simple physical problems, are presented through the use of a straightforward, rigorous, axiomatically formulated concept of 'zero-square', or 'nilpotent' infinitesimal - that is, a quantity so small that its square and all higher powers can be set, literally, to zero. The systematic employment of these infinitesimals reduces the differential calculus to simple algebra and, at the same time, restores to use the “infinitesimal” methods figuring in traditional applications of the calculus to physical problems - a number of which are discussed in this book. This edition also contains an expanded historical and philosophical introduction.
Stravinsky: Oedipus Rex
Authors: Walsh Stephen
Published: February 2010

Stravinsky's opera-oratorio Oedipus rex is widely acknowledged as one of the most original music-theatre works of the twentieth century. This clear and concise guide is the first ever to be written on this work and it describes the music and its staging in close detail. It offers the first proper explanation of the plot and its relation to its literary sources and provides a fully documented discussion of the origins of Oedipus rex in Stravinsky's own work and thinking. By placing the work in its social context Stephen Walsh paints a vivid picture of Parisian artistic politics in the twenties from which emerges one of the richest and most suggestive works of art of modern times.
Knowledge and the Scholarly Medical Traditions
Authors: Bates Don
Published: February 2010

However much the three great traditions of medicine - Galenic, Chinese and Ayurvedic - differed from each other, they had one thing in common: scholarship. The foundational knowledge of each could only be acquired by careful study under teachers relying on ancient texts. Such medical knowledge is special, operating as it does in the realm of the most fundamental human experiences - health, disease, suffering, birth and death - and the credibility of healers is of crucial importance. Because of this, scholarly medical knowledge offers a rich field for the study of different cultural practices in the legitimation of knowledge generally. The contributors to this volume are all specialists in the history or anthropology of these traditions, and their essays range from historical investigations to studies of present-day practices.
The Mathematical Work of Charles Babbage
Authors: Dubbey J. M.
Published: February 2010

Charles Babbage (1791–1871) is today remembered mainly for his attempt to complete his difference and analytical engines, the principles of which anticipate the major ideas of the modern digital computer. This book describes the evolution of Babbage's work on the design and implementation of the engines by means of a detailed study of his early mathematical investigations. Babbage is an almost legendary figure of the Victorian era, yet relatively little is known about him and no authoritative account of his life and work has appeared. He was primarily a mathematician and his early working life was devoted mainly to the study of pure mathematics. While containing much biographical information, this book concentrates on this crucial aspect of Babbage's work.