bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multimodal data integration using deep learning predicts overall survival of patients with glioma
Authors: Yuan Yifan , Zhang Xuan , Wang Yining , Li Hongyan , Qi Zengxin , Du Zunguo , Chu Ying-hua , Feng Danyang , Xie Qingguo , Song Jianping , Liu Yuqing , Cai Jiajun
Published: June 2024

Gliomas are highly heterogenous diseases with poor prognosis. Precise
survival prediction could benefit further clinical decision-making,
clinical trial incursion and health economics. Recent research has
emphasized the prognostic value of magnetic resonance imaging,
pathological specimens and circulating biomarkers. However, the
integrative potential and efficacy of these modalities require to be
further validated. After incorporating 218 patients of TCGA glioma
datasets of and 54 patients of Huashan cohort with complementary
prognostic information, we established Squeeze-and-excitation deep
learning feature extractor (SE-DLFE) for T1-contrast enhanced images and
histological slides, and explored to screen significant circulating
5-hydroxymethylcytosines (5hmC) profiles for glioma survival by
LASSO-Cox regression. Therefore, a prognostication predictive model with
high efficiency was obtained through survival support vector machine
(SVM) multimodal integration of radiologic imaging, histopathologic
imaging features, genome-wide 5hmC in circulating cell-free DNA (cf-DNA)
and clinical variables, suggesting a valid strategy (C-index = 0.897;
Brier score = 0.118) for improved survival risk stratification of glioma
patients.
Exosomes of immune cell origin and their Therapeutic potential for tumors
Authors: Ai Hongru , Zheng Xinya , Li Guangyao , Zou Yitan , Changhai Lei , Wenyan Fu , Hu Shi
Published: June 2024

Exosomes are nanoscale membrane vesicles identified by electron
microscopy in 1946. They are approximately 30-150 nanometers in size.
Originally, exosomes were thought to be used to eliminate excess
components from cells to maintain their normal physiology. In recent
years, studies have shown that the function and targeting of specific
cellular components in exosomes have important implications for the
regulation of cellular communication. In the last few years, exosomes
have been implicated in oncology, infections and other diseases and have
been shown to have an impact on cancer progression. New advances in
cancer immunotherapy have occurred as a result of the identification of
Exosomes of immune cell origin, expanding the existing anti-cancer
immune response. This paper details exosomes derived from dendritic
cells, T-lymphocytes (CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells, CAR-T-cells), natural
killer cells and their promising applications in tumor therapy.
Study on fracture characteristics of panel asphalt concrete under different loading rates
Authors: Yang Hanbing , He Jianxin , Yang Wu , Ding Xin-yu , Chen Peng-peng , Liu Liang
Published: June 2024

The development of internal cracks in asphalt concrete can be seen as a
sign of macro crack development. To explore the influence of different
loading rates on the crack resistance of panel asphalt concrete, based
on the theory of fracture mechanics, DIC digital image correlation
technology was used as a test method for crack propagation of specimens.
SCB (Semi-circular bending)tests were carried out on panel asphalt
concrete with different loading rates (0.05, 0.2, 1, 3, 5,1 0 mm/min).
The effects of different loading rates on the fracture index and
full-field strain of asphalt concrete were analyzed. the results showed
that when the loading rate increases from 0.05 mm/min to 10mm/min, the
stress intensity factor ( K) and fracture
energy ( G) increase, and the crack resistance
index ( CRI) shows the opposite law; With the increase of loading
rate, the strain (Exx, Eyy) corresponding to the peak load gradually
decreases. After reaching the peak strength, with the increase of load
displacement, the crack of the sample gradually expands along the edge
of the coarse aggregate at a low loading rate, and the crack penetrates
the coarse aggregate at a high loading rate; There are obvious
differences in crack morphology of asphalt concrete specimens under
different loading rates, When the loading rate is 0.05-1 mm/min, the
crack morphology is tortuously rising. When the loading rate is
3-10mm/min, the crack morphology develops almost vertically upward along
the pre-crack. The results of the study can provide a reference for the
development of cracks and fracture behavior of panel asphalt concrete
under different loading rates.
Areca triandra, a non-native palm is invasive in the highly biodiverse southwestern Sri Lanka
Authors: Wickramasinghe Dilini , Chandrathilake Thilakawansha , Zoysa Neela de , Rajatewa Pradeep
Published: June 2024

The palm family is a major source of invasive woody plants because of
their long history of introductions outside their native range in
tropical and subtropical regions for their use as food and ornamentals.
Areca triandra Roxb. Ex Buch-Ham, was introduced to Sri Lanka in 1867
through the Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya has been grown as an
ornamental for over a century. This study shows its naturalization in
the southwest humid lowlands and is invasive. Population and
reproductive characteristics were studied in Meethirigala and Yagirala
Forest Reserves. In each location, stems > 1m height and
crown cover were sampled in three plots of 400 m2 (20 m × 20 m) and the
ground layer < 1 m height sampled through four 1 m x 1 m plots
within each 400 m2 (total of 24 plots). A. triandra accounted for 56% -
66% of stems > 1 m height, 52% - 76% crown cover, and
64% - 77% of stems and seedlings in the ground layer < 1 m
height. Clump formation was high with 30% - 51% having 2 - 7 stems,
compared to single stems of 12% - 26%. Fruit production was prolific,
each infructescence yielding 140 - 250 fruits and each clump of multiple
stems producing 1 - 3 infructescence. This resulted in a total of 250 -
440 fruits per clump, translating up to 8000 fruits per 20 m × 20 m
plot; bright red, fleshy fruits attracted avian and mammalian frugivores
aiding seed dispersal. The palm favored disturbed forest edges, and
shady understory habitats displacing native understory, suppressing
native canopy regeneration. The Invasiveness Assessment Protocol
indicated moderate risk from A. triandra in the wet zone, exposing
vulnerability of Sri Lanka’s highly fragmented biodiverse rain forests.
This emphasizes the need for urgent action of this species.
Sweet drugs Against Bad Bugs: Naphthoquinone-fused Enediyne Sugar Polysulfates for Nanomolar Inhibition of Coronavirus
Authors: Huang Xiaohua , Miao Jing , Zheng Hongyu , Ding Zhe , Yu Xinyu , Xu Jingtao , Lan Jiaming , Hu Aiguo
Published: June 2024

It has been four years since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, and
the ongoing threat it poses to human health and life un-derscores the
continued need for the development of antiviral medications as a means
of mitigating future viral outbreaks. In this study, we present a novel
class of antiviral compounds known as naphthoquinone-fused enediyne
sugar polysulfates, which have demonstrated efficacy against
coronaviruses by targeting the conserved receptor binding domain on
spike proteins. These compounds induce irreversible damage to the viral
structure, resulting in inhibition of viral infection at nanomolar
concentrations with minimal cytotoxic effects. Notably, the selectivity
index of these compounds exceeds 50,000, suggesting significant
potential for further de-velopment in antiviral therapeutics against
coronavirus.
Switch from once-daily tacrolimus (Advagraf) to twice -daily Immediate-Release Tacrolimus (Prograf)) in liver transplantation: About a case report
Authors: FETATI Habiba , BOUDIA FATIMA , betaouaf hourya , Amrani Anissa , Mekaouche Nadjet , Toumi Houari
Published: June 2024

Tacroclimus is an immunosuppressive drug widely used for the prevention
of rejection in organ transplants. It is marketed in two forms: Prograf
administered twice a day and Advagraf which allows only one
administration per day. Advagraf is often used in liver transplantation.
Through this clinical case, we demonstrate the role of the therapeutic
drug monitoring in dosage optimization during the switch tacrolimus from
the Advagraf form to the Prograf form. This is a 60-year-old patient who
underwent liver transplantation in 2014 treated with Advagraf 2.5 mg
once in the morning. The residual CO concentration was 7 ng / ml. Due to
the unavailability of advagraf, this drug was switched to the prograf at
the same dosage 2.5 mg / d in two doses (1.5 mg in the morning and 1 mg
in the evening ). Co increased from 7 to 11 ng / ml, AUC was 194 ng.h /
ml [120-150]. When substitution of Advagraf with Prograf, C0
monitoring should be regular and close and dosage adjustments should be
made to ensure that a similar systemic exposure is maintained.
In the heat of the moment: including realistic thermal fluctuations results in dramatically altered key population parameters’
Authors: Boerlijst Sam , Boelee Eline , bodegom Peter van , Schrama Maarten
Published: June 2024

1. Temperature is commonly acknowledged as one of the primary forces
driving ectotherm vector populations, most notably by influencing
metabolic rates and survival. Although numerous experiments have shown
this for a wide variety of organisms, the vast majority has been
conducted at constant temperatures and changes therein, while
temperature is far from constant in nature, and includes seasonal and
diurnal cycles. As fluctuating temperatures have been described to
affect metabolic processes at (sub)cellular level, this calls for
studies evaluating the relative importance of temperature fluctuations
and the changes therein. 2. To gain insight in the effects of
temperature fluctuations on ectotherm development, survival, and
sex-ratio, we developed an inexpensive, easily reproducible, and
open-source, Arduino-based temperature control system, which emulates
natural sinusoidal fluctuations around the average temperature. We used
this novel setup to compare the effects of constant (mean) temperatures,
most commonly used in experiments, block schemes and natural sinusoidal
fluctuations as well as an extreme variant with twice its amplitude
using the cosmopolitan mosquito species Culex pipiens s.l. as a study
organism. 3. Our system accurately replicated the preprogrammed
temperature treatments under outdoor conditions, even more accurately
than traditional methods. While no effects were detected on survival and
sex-ratio within the ranges of variation evaluated, development was sped
up considerably by including temperature fluctuations, especially during
pupation, where development under constant temperatures took almost a
week (30%) longer than under natural fluctuations. Doubling the
amplitude further decreased development time by 1.5 days. 4. These
results highlight the importance of including (natural) oscillations in
experiments on ectotherm organisms – both aquatic and terrestrial –
that use temperature as a variable. Ultimately, these results have major
repercussions for downstream effects at larger scales that may be
studied with applications such as ecological niche models, disease risk
models and assessing ecosystem services that rely on ectotherm
organisms.
Potency, dissociation kinetics and reversibility of fentanyls and nitazenes by naloxone at the μ opioid receptor
Authors: Alhosan Norah , Cavallo Damiana , Santiago Marina , Kelly Eamonn , Henderson Graeme
Published: June 2024

Background and Purpose: Fentanyls and nitazenes are μ opioid receptor
agonists responsible for a large number of opioid overdose deaths. Here,
we compared the potency, dissociation kinetics and antagonism by
naloxone at the μ receptor of several fentanyl and nitazene analogues
and compared them to morphine and DAMGO. Experimental Approach: In vitro
assays of G protein activation and signalling and arrestin recruitment
were performed. AtT20 cells expressing μ receptors were loaded with a
membrane potential dye and changes in fluorescence used to determine
agonist potency, dissociation kinetics and susceptibility to antagonism
by naloxone. BRET experiments were undertaken in HEK293T cells
expressing μ opioid receptors, to assess Gi protein activation and
β-arrestin 2 recruitment. Key Results: The rate of agonist dissociation
from the μ receptor varied, with morphine, DAMGO, alfentanil and
fentanyl dissociating rapidly whereas isotonitazene, etonitazene,
ohmefentanyl and carfentanil dissociated slowly. Slowly dissociating
agonists were more resistant to antagonism by naloxone. For carfentanil,
the slow rate of dissociation was not due to G protein receptor
kinase-mediated arrestin recruitment as its rate of dissociation was not
affected by inhibition of GRKs with Compound 101. The in vitro relative
potencies of fentanyls and nitazenes compared to morphine were much
lower than that previously observed in in vivo experiments. Conclusions
and Implications: With fentanyls and nitazenes, that slowly dissociate
from the opioid receptor, antagonism by naloxone is pseudo
competitive. In overdoses involving fentanyls and nitazenes higher doses
of naloxone may be required for reversal than those normally used to
reverse heroin overdose.
The Role of the Ocular Lids of the Black-Winged Kite, Elanus caeruleus , in the Immune Protection of the Eye
Authors: Shawki Nahed Ahmed , Attaai H. , Mageed Amany Mohamed Abdel- , mahmoud fatma
Published: June 2024

The aim of the study was to describe the morphological features and
microstructure of the upper, lower, and third eyelids of black-winged
kite, Elanus caeruleus, as well as characterize the organized
lymphoid follicles and lymphocytes in the eyelid’s mucosa, and to
illustrate the importance of the eye adnexa in the eye’s immune
protection. The black-winged kite has large forward-facing eyes placed
under a bony shelf (lacrimal process) that shaded them. Both eyelids
have thick and pigmented edges and bear two rows of long and finely
modified filoplume feathers that increase at the anterior canthus. It
was found that the lower eyelid appears longer and thinner than the
upper one, as well as having sparse feathers on the skin surface of the
lower eyelid but lack on the upper. The third eyelid is a white opaque
membrane moving obliquely over the cornea surface. The melanocytes
appear in the stratum basal of upper and lower eyelids and the
Langerhans cells were observed within the layers of stratum spinosum,
near the feather follicle and around the blood vessel. Aggregations of
lymphatic cells were present under the conjunctival epithelium within
the stroma of the lower eyelid (in the orbital zone near the tarsal
plate), while absent in the upper eyelid and nictitating membrane. The
present study revealed that many high endothelial venues (HEV) are
distributed along the lower eyelid and increase in the palpebral
marginalis, while in the upper eyelid, it is restricted in the marginal
region. The density of goblet cells on the conjunctiva surface of the
upper eyelid and the nictitating membrane is higher than that of the
lower eyelid. The leading edge and bulbi surface of the third eyelid
reveal the irregular surface of the apical cell, with many cilia having
variable amounts of secretory vesicles as shown by TEM.
A noval fractional uncertainty relation in quaternionic quantum mechanics
Authors: Deepika R. , Muthunagai K.
Published: June 2024

In this work, we introduce a new form of the quaternionic fractional
uncertainty relation within the framework of quaternionic quantum
mechanics. This is closely associated with the Li-Ostoja-Starzewski
fractional gradient operator, characterized by an order range of 0
≤1. We explore a novel Quaternionic Schrödinger equation and its
specific implications, particularly addressing solutions that lead to
the emergence of position-dependent mass. Additionally, we validate the
theory by comparing it against the observed maximum wavelengths in the
1,3,5-hexatriene molecule.
Mixed-species group formation in response to multiple predators in the South African savannahs
Authors: Prugnolle Franck , Rougeron Virginie , Pardo Lain , Somers Michael , Peel Mike , Swanepoel Lourens H. , Keith Mark , Renaud Pierre-Cyril , Nicvert Lisa , Davis Robert , Venter Jan , Fritz Herve
Published: June 2024

The formation of mixed-species groups (MSGs) (also called heterospecific
or polyspecific groups) is often considered an anti-predator strategy
used in response to an increased predation risk. Recent studies
performed in savanna ecosystems in Africa have demonstrated an increased
formation of ungulate MSGs in higher predation risk areas. Nevertheless,
these studies only considered one predator species (the lion Panthera
leo) in evaluating the response to predation risk. Yet, species evolve
in multi-predator systems that require prey to respond to multiple
sources of risks. Although the importance of incorporating these
multiple predators in studies is recognized, there is still little
information on the behavioral strategies, including MSG formation, that
prey can use to minimize predation risk from multiple predators. In the
present study, we analyzed a large dataset of camera trap data (more
than 160,000 observations) from five sites located in savanna biome in
South Africa. We studied the likelihood of MSGs formation in response to
the presence of different predators (lion, leopard (Panthera pardus),
spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), and wild dog (Lycaon pictus)). We
demonstrated that the probability of forming MSGs increased when (i) the
photographic rate of the interacting species increased and (ii) the
photographic rate of predators increased. Our results showed that lion
and spotted hyena are the predator species most likely to trigger the
formation of MSGs for different prey species. These results suggest a
“hierarchy of fear” among predators in which both species are the most
feared, even for prey species that either predator does not
preferentially select. A large number of MSGs formed in the presence of
these two predator species included Burchell’s zebras (Equus quagga
burchellii), in association with species that have complementary modes
of predator detection (e.g. wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) and
giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis). Our study highlights the importance of
incorporating multiple predators into MSG analyses to better understand
ecosystem functioning and, community formation.
Crop use structures resource selection strategies in a human-dominated landscape
Authors: Hahn Nathan , Wall Jake , Denninger‐Snyder Kristen , Tiedeman Kate , Sairowua Wilson , Goss Marc , Ndambuki Stephen , Mjingo Ernest , Mbise Noel , Wittemyer George
Published: June 2024

To conserve wide-ranging species in human-modified landscapes, it is
essential to understand how the behavior of animals changes in relation
to the degree and composition of modification. Evidence suggests that
large inter-individual variation exists in the propensity for use of
human-modified areas and may be driven by both behavioral and landscape
factors. The use of agriculture lands by wildlife is of particular
interest, given the importance of reducing human-wildlife conflicts and
understanding how such areas can function as biodiversity buffers.
African elephant space use can be highly influenced by human activity
and the degree to which individuals crop-raid. We analyzed GPS data from
56 free-ranging elephants in the Serengeti-Mara Ecosystem using resource
selection functions (RSFs) to assess how crop use may drive patterns of
resource selection and space use within a population. We quantified
drivers of similarity in resource selection across individuals using
proximity analysis of individual RSF coefficients derived from random
forest models. We found wide variation in RSF coefficient values between
individuals indicating strongly differentiated resource selection
strategies. Proximity assessment indicated the degree of crop use in the
dry season, individual repeatability, and time spent in unprotected
areas drove similarity in resource selection patterns. Crop selection
was also spatially structured in relation to agricultural fragmentation.
In areas with high fragmentation, elephants spent more time in crops and
selected most strongly for crops in areas close to the protected area
boundary, but in areas with low fragmentation elephants spent half as
much time in crops and selected most strongly for crops further from
protected area boundaries. Our results highlight how individual
differences and landscape structure can both shape use of agricultural
landscapes. We discuss our results in respect to the conservation
challenges of human-elephant conflict and incorporating behavioral
variation into human-wildlife coexistence efforts.
Abrupt Changes in the Timing and Magnitude of the North Atlantic Bloom Over the 21st Century
Authors: Kelly Stephen John , Popova Ekaterina E. , Yool Andrew , Jebri Fatma , Oliver Sophy , Srokosz Meric
Published: June 2024

The North Atlantic subpolar gyre is a key region for the North Atlantic
phytoplankton bloom (NAB), the foundation of the regional foodweb. The
NAB is dependent on nutrients seasonally introduced into the surface
ocean by deep winter convection. Under climate change, this pattern is
threatened by increasing water column stratification, and the NAB may
“collapse” as a result, representing a potential “tipping point” in
the Earth system. We investigate change in winter mixing and the impacts
on the SPG and the broader northern North Atlantic using 1. a spread of
future projections from a low-resolution Earth system model (UKESM) and
2. a single, high-warming projection of a high-resolution ocean-only
configuration of the same model (NEMO-MEDUSA). For both models we find
significant declines in the strength of the NAB during the 21st century.
In UKESM, this occurred across all projections, but with low
spatiotemporal coherence. In NEMO-MEDUSA, changes in upper mixed layer
depth, surface nutrients and chlorophyll concentrations were noticeably
abrupt and more highly spatiotemporally-correlated. We also find a large
(>30 day) phenological shift in the peak of the bloom
aligned with the timing of this change, which may affect foodweb
dynamics. Overall, defining “collapse” as a halving of surface
chlorophyll, we find that the NAB collapses by the end of the century
regardless of future projection. However, the timing, abruptness and
coherence of this collapse differs in high and low resolution models,
suggesting the need for higher resolution for prediction of abrupt and
irreversible changes, especially those involving ecosystem dynamics.
Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes by Baseline HbA1c and Change in HbA1c in People With Overweight or Obesity but Without Diabetes in SELECT
Authors: Lingvay Ildiko , Deanfield John , Kahn Steven E. , Weeke Peter E. , Toplak Hermann , Scirica Benjamin M. , Rydén Lars , Rathor Naveen , Plutzky Jorge , Morales Cristobal , Lincoff A. Michael , Lehrke Michael , Jeppesen Ole Kleist , Gajos Grzegorz , Colhoun Helen M. , Cariou Bertrand , Ryan Donna ,   SELECT Trial Investigators
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the cardiovascular effects of semaglutide by baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and change in HbA1c in a prespecified analysis of Semaglutide Effects on Cardiovascular Outcomes in People With Overweight or Obesity (SELECT).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In SELECT, people with overweight or obesity and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease without diabetes were randomized to weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg or placebo. The primary end point of first major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) (cardiovascular mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or stroke) was reduced by 20% with semaglutide versus placebo. Analysis of outcomes included first MACE, its individual components, expanded MACE (cardiovascular mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or stroke; coronary revascularization; or hospitalization for unstable angina), a heart failure composite (heart failure hospitalization or urgent medical visit or cardiovascular mortality), coronary revascularization, and all-cause mortality by baseline HbA1c subgroup and categories of HbA1c change (<−0.3, −0.3 to 0.3, and >0.3 percentage points) from baseline to 20 weeks using the intention-to-treat principle with Cox proportional hazards.

RESULTS

Among 17,604 participants (mean age 61.6 years, 72.3% male), baseline HbA1c was <5.7% for 33.5%, 5.7% to <6.0% for 34.6%, and 6.0% to <6.5% for 31.9%. Cardiovascular risk reduction with semaglutide versus placebo was not shown to be different across baseline HbA1c groups and was consistent with that of the overall study for all end points, except all-cause mortality. Cardiovascular outcomes were also consistent across subgroups of HbA1c change.

CONCLUSIONS

In people with overweight or obesity and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease but not diabetes, semaglutide reduced cardiovascular events irrespective of baseline HbA1c or change in HbA1c. Thus, semaglutide is expected to confer cardiovascular benefits in people with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease who are normoglycemic at baseline and/or in those without HbA1c improvements.
Blended Learning to Improve Vocational Life Skills in Making Batik for Disabilities
Authors: Wiwik Widajati  , Siti Mahmudah  , Devina Rahmadiani Kamaruddin Nur  , Diah Ekasari  , Ni Made Marlin Minarsih  , Diah Anggraeny  , Danis Ade Dwirisnanda
Published: June 2024

The learning strategies applied by educators are still conventional, including learning vocational skills. This research aims to examine the effect of blended learning on improving the vocational life skills of students with disabilities. This research is pre-experimental. This research design is a group pre-test-post-test design. The research subjects were students with disabilities at the Special High School (SMLAB). Data collection uses performance tests. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (matched pairs test). The research results show that the vocational life skills of students with disabilities after learning with blended learning have improved more than before learning with blended learning. Learning with blended learning has a better and more positive influence on the vocational life skills of students with disabilities. This research implies that blended learning can improve students' abilities, increasing learning outcomes. In the learning process, students are more active, constructive, communicative, able to follow technological developments, and participate to improve their divergent thinking skills and abilities, in this case, thinking abilities related to vocational skills.
Transformational Leadership in The Implementation of Sekolah Penggerak’s Program
Authors: Hariyati Nunuk , Sholeh Muhamad , Islamiah Nia
Published: June 2024

Paradigm changes in implementing the independent curriculum are a tough challenge for teachers. Leadership that can facilitate teachers' needs for curriculum changes needs to be considered by all school principals who join the Driving School Program. This research aims to analyze the role of transformational leadership in school principals in supporting the implementation of the independent curriculum. This research uses a qualitative approach with a multi-case study design between school units. The research subjects were taken using a purposive sampling technique, including school principals, foundation administrators, and teachers, who were explored through interviews, observation, and document analysis. The research data were analyzed using constant comparative techniques. The research results show that female school principals have the same vision and mission in improving school quality, namely by supporting policies implemented by the government, namely the driving school program. Leadership that is integrated reflects transformational leadership with four dimensions, which include (1) ideal influence, providing exemplary examples to all members, (2) intellectual stimulation, facilitating both physical facilities and competence, (3) inspirational motivation, providing space and opportunities to communicating and providing motivation in work, as well as (4) individual consideration, paying attention to the competency development needs of its members. Implementing these four dimensions supports the realization of work motivation and commitment, which has implications for achieving teacher welfare and a positive school culture.
Problem Based Learning Model Based on Tat Twam Asi for Understanding Natural Science Concepts
Authors: I Made Sujana  , Desak Putu Parmiti  , I Made Citra Wibawa
Published: June 2024

Science can be a provision for students to face various challenges in the global era. This research aims to test the effect of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) learning model based on Tat Twam Asi on the understanding of science concepts for class V students. This research is a quasi-experimental research with a non-equivalent post-test-only control group design. The population in this study were all class V students. The sample for this study used a simple random sampling technique. The sample for this research was 36 students as the experimental group. Research data was collected using the test method with objective test instruments to measure understanding of science concepts. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (t-test). The results of the research show that there is a difference in understanding of science concepts between students who follow the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) learning model based on Tat Twam Asi and students who do not follow the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) learning model based on Tat Twam Asi in class V. It is known that The Tat Twam Asi-based Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model has a significant influence on fifth-grade students' understanding of science concepts.
The Effectiveness of Peer Tutoring on Students' Understanding of Mathematical Concepts
Authors: Yoviyanti Rifkah , Wahyudi  , Suhendar Uki , Zuraidah Zuraidah
Published: June 2024

The low understanding of students in mathematics is due to the need for more use of learning methods that attract students to participate in learning well. The research aims to analyze the effectiveness of using peer tutoring learning methods on students' ability to understand mathematical concepts. This research is a quasi-experimental research with a Pretest-Posttest research design. The research population includes students from the Guidance Studio. Data collection methods use observation and tests. The research instrument includes a test of understanding mathematical concepts. Data analysis in this study used an independent sample T-test because the data is normal. The analysis results show that the increase in the ability to understand mathematical concepts for students who apply the peer tutoring method is better than those who use conventional learning. The peer tutoring method is more effectively applied in mathematics learning towards students' understanding of mathematical concepts. Therefore, peer tutoring is more effective in improving students' understanding of mathematical concepts in the classroom learning process. This research implies that applying the peer tutor learning method is very useful, especially for teachers, which can be used as an alternative learning method in schools to improve students' understanding of mathematical concepts.
Obstacles and Difficulties in Implementing the Independent Learning Curriculum in High Schools
Authors: Mesta Limbong Mesta , Asnah MN Limbong
Published: June 2024

In the curriculum, the teacher has the task of compiling lesson plans, materials, models, methods, assessing, and evaluating. But the fact is that out of 50 students, there are 32 people with a mean value of 28.30. Another fact is that 40% is incomplete. There must be a gap between theory, hope, and reality. The aim is to find out the results of the synthesis, analysis, and evaluation of the implementation of the independent learning curriculum. Mixed method research method. High school subjects and their objects, 90 students and 30 teachers. Data collection techniques with surveys and interviews. Instruments were distributed to respondents with Google from. The next data is the interview. Survey analysis technique with SPSS 26 and formed a bar chart for each indicator. The results of the interviews were analyzed by collecting data, reducing, coding, and drawing conclusions. The data from the survey results are aligned with the results of the interviews and the sliced data becomes the conclusion. The results showed that 39.17% of teachers prepared lesson plans, 31.68% of teachers could teach, 44.12% could assess, only 39.17% of students had changes in behavior and 49.18% were able to assess and evaluate. In conclusion, it is hoped that there will be training in compiling material and assessing and evaluating the learning process on an ongoing basis. This research contributes to providing information on the location of obstacles and difficulties in implementing the independent learning curriculum and this research becomes a reference for teachers, schools, and the government in conducting training.
Android-based Augmented Reality Media in Learning Pancasila and Citizenship Education
Authors: Hannes Magdalena Hutagalung  , Fazli Rachman
Published: June 2024

The lack of variation in the use of instructional media in the Citizenship Education learning process causes the learning process to not run optimally. The purpose of this research is to produce a product in the form of augmented reality learning media that is suitable for use in the Citizenship Education learning process. The type of research used is research and development concerning the 4D development model which consists of define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. Subjects for small-scale trials in this study used 6 students and for large-scale trials used 27 students. Product validation tests were carried out by 1 material expert and 1 media expert and 1 Pancasila and Citizenship Education teacher. Methods of data collection using observation, document study, interviews, and questionnaires. The data collection instrument is a questionnaire. The results showed that augmented reality learning media had been produced which obtained a very decent category rating from the validation of material experts with a score of 88%, media expert validation of 90%, Pancasila and Citizenship Education teachers' assessment of 91% and obtained a very interesting category from students with a score of 89%. It can be concluded that augmented reality learning media on national integration material within the framework of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika is very feasible and recommended for use in the Citizenship Education learning process. The development of augmented reality learning media provides a variety of choices for teachers to use instructional media that can create a more interactive and enjoyable Citizenship Education learning atmosphere for students.
Web Blog Media Development in Women's Fashion Lessons
Authors: Bahri Halimul , Farihah  , Anggraini Yudhistira , Panggabean Frinches E.R
Published: June 2024

The difficulty of understanding the material for making bustiers just from the teacher's explanation makes students look for more material on the internet so they can repeat the learning independently. However, the material obtained was not made in the correct systematic way. Apart from that, learning media for bustier making that is capable of presenting the material concretely is still very limited. This research aims to develop Web blog media and test the suitability of Web blog media for women's fashion subjects. This type of research is research and development (R&D) research, and this research uses the ADDIE development model. Media development validation was carried out by 3 material experts and 3 media experts. A needs analysis shows that 94% of students agree with the development of a web blog. The results of the material expert assessment on the learning aspect were 89%, the material aspect was 92%, and the overall average assessment was 90.5% in the Very Decent category. The results of the media expert's assessment of the usability aspect were 94%, the media design aspect was 96%, and overall, the average was 95% in the Very Appropriate category. The results of limited trials carried out by 5 students obtained an average of 87.1% in the very good category. Advanced field trials carried out by 36 students obtained an average rating of 89.5% in the very good category. Based on the results of validation and media testing, it can be concluded that the Web blog media developed is very suitable for use as a learning medium for bustier-making material in the women's clothing subject. The development of Web blog media can make it easier to deliver material and make students more interested in repeating learning so that it can increase students' understanding of the correct bustier making.
School Violence Among Undergraduate Students in Kwara State: Implications for Counselling
Authors: Rahmat Tinuke Kamaldeen  , Haruna Ibrahim  , Suwaibah Iyabo Giwa
Published: June 2024

School violence has recently emerged as a widespread scenario and a primary concern globally. In Nigeria, hardly a day goes by without official or unofficial reports of some form of violence occurring in schools and manifesting in various forms, such as bullying, shootings, sexual harassment, kidnapping, and many others. Several studies show that violence in schools has a real impact on student's physical and mental health and academic achievement. Therefore, this study focuses on school violence among undergraduate students in Kwara State and its implications for counseling. This research is included in qualitative research. The type of research used is library research or literature study. The techniques used to collect data are observation and documentation. The technique used to analyze data is qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the research are that the presence of violence has a significant impact on the field of education. Violence in educational institutions becomes an obstacle to achieving teenagers' dreams. The influence of peer groups has a significant influence on student behavior, particularly drug and alcohol use, incidents of rape and sexual harassment, involvement in examination malpractice, and reduced motivation to study.
Augmented Reality Media to Improve Concepts Understanding and Biomotor Skills
Authors: Darmawan Gede Eka Budi , Parwati Ni Nyoman , Warpala I Wayan Sukra , Divayana Dewa Gede Hendra
Published: June 2024

Students' biomotor skills are still in the low category and digital learning resources for traditional games are still minimal. The aim of this research is to analyze validity, practicality, test effectiveness, and analyze AR media user responses. This research is included in the type of development research. The subject of this research is the validity test of content experts, learning design experts, and media experts. The practical test involved 3 students at individual level and 12 students at small group level. User responses involved all experimental class students and teaching teachers. The experimental class involved 32 students and the control class consisted of 35 students. The data collection methods used were questionnaires and tests. Meanwhile, the data analysis method was carried out using qualitative descriptive analysis, quantitative descriptive analysis and inferential statistical analysis. The research results show that the validity of aspects of content, media, learning design, practicality and user response to AR media are in the very good category. Therefore, it is known that the novelty of AR media has a significant impact in increasing understanding of concepts and biomotor skills after controlling for students' initial knowledge. The implication of this research is that it can be used as a basis for developing 3-dimensional visualization to train students' biomotor skills.
Implementation of the Pteridophyta Smart Card to Increase Students' Understanding of Fern Material
Authors: Atiqoh  , Efendi Wawan Wahyudi , Prihanta Wahyu
Published: June 2024

Ferns (Pteridophyta) are one of the materials that must be studied by biology and biology education students. However, based on previous research, many students still have difficulty recognizing or identifying ferns. This condition is caused by learning which is still carried out conventionally, relying on textbooks with minimal pictures or photos and is not in accordance with the characteristics or learning styles of current Generation Z students. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyze the effectiveness and attractiveness of the Pteridophyta Smart Card as a learning medium to improve learning outcomes. This type of research is quantitative research using a One-Group Pretest-Posttest design with the research subjects being 20 4th semester students of the biology education study program who were selected using purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out using pretest and posttest, questionnaires and observations. The data was analyzed using an effectiveness test which was analyzed using the gain score formula, and an attractiveness test which was analyzed using a user validation calculation formula. The results of this research reveal that the Pteridophyta Smart Card media is effectively used as a learning medium for students with an attractiveness level of up to 91.25%, which means it can be concluded that the Pteridophyta Smart Card media is very attractive for students because it suits the characteristics or learning styles of Generation Z students. , so that it can improve students' learning outcomes. This research provides theoretical and practical implications in terms of improving students' learning outcomes using Pteridophyta Smart Card media.
Principals’ Delegation of Functions and Teachers’ Job Performance Amidst Covid-19 Pandemic in Public Senior Secondary Schools
Authors: Olaifa Adeseko Sunday , Sani Lauratu Haruna , Olaifa Ebunlomo Oreoluwa , Adeoye Moses Adeleke
Published: June 2024

There are a lot of impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on principals' delegation functions and teachers' job performance in a public Senior Secondary school. The study aimed to analyze the level at which principals delegate functions to teachers, the relationship between principals' delegation function techniques and teacher job performance, and the factors that hinder effective delegation practices. A descriptive survey research design was used with 1604 teachers and principals from 38 public secondary schools. Four research questions were raised to guide the study. Data collection was conducted using a self-structured questionnaire. The results showed that principals used various delegation functions and techniques during the pandemic, such as delegating departmental heads to monitor teachers' performance, assigning form masters to enforce school rules, directing heads of departments to mark lesson notes, cross-checking teachers' comments on student report cards, demanding reports from parent-teacher associations, and cross-checking departmental head teachers' classroom attendance books. These delegation functions and techniques were found to be effective in enhancing teachers' morale, meeting curriculum outlines, and achieving educational goals. The pandemic has driven the need for adaptable school leadership, and the efficiency of principals' delegation functions must be improved to boost teacher morale and ensure the achievement of educational goals.
Unveiling the Power of Pedagogically Productive Conversations Among University Teachers
Authors: Adeoye Moses Adeleke , Akinnubi Paul Olaolu , Makinde Semiu Olawale , Ibrahim Solahudeen Owoyale-Abdulganiy  , Abiola Muhydeen Olaitan
Published: June 2024

The significance and benefits of discussion in higher education contexts have the potential to improve teaching practices, encourage professional development, and ultimately improve student learning outcomes. This study aims to analyze the potential impact of pedagogically productive conversations among university teachers. The research method uses Systematic Literature Review (SLR). A literature search was conducted through academic databases, such as PubMed, ERIC, and Google Scholar. Through a comprehensive review of relevant literature and firsthand insights from educators, the study delves into the intricacies of pedagogically productive conversations, emphasizing their role in promoting collaboration and creating a supportive academic environment. Furthermore, the paper discusses the challenges and barriers that may impede the implementation of such conversations and proposes strategies to overcome them. Overall, this position paper serves as a valuable resource for educators, administrators, and policymakers, offering insights into the transformative power of pedagogically productive conversations and advocating for their integration into the fabric of university teaching.
Practical Instructions with Content Differentiation to Improve Elementary School Students' Science Process Skills
Authors: Sari Made Nirmala Karunika , Suarjana I Made , Tegeh I Made
Published: June 2024

Science process skills are abilities that students must have in order to be able to achieve learning goals through direct experience. Science process skills are obtained from theoretical and practical science learning. However, unfortunately learning activities are still carried out using lecture and practice methods which can improve science process skills and have not been carried out optimally. Practical activities are not equipped with practical instructions. The practical instructions used in schools only use the teacher's book so they do not accommodate all students' learning styles. Based on these problems, the aim of this research is to develop practical instructions with nuanced content differentiation to facilitate practical activities. The practical instructions for nuanced content differentiation have descriptive explanations and video explanations that are scanned using a QR-Code. This development research uses a 4D development model which consists of the stages of definition, planning, development and dissemination. The subject of this research is practical instructions. The data collection method uses observation sheets. The practical instructions that have been created have been tested for validity, practicality and effectiveness before they can be used in the classroom as a medium to support practical activities. The test results show that practical instructions with nuanced content differentiation are feasible and practical to use during practice. Practical instructions are effective in improving students' science process skills. Therefore, it can be concluded that the practical instructions developed are feasible, practical and effective for use in practical activities.