bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The system of main categories of integral assessment of mining technologies
Authors: Sekisov Gennadii
Published: September 2018

The evaluation of rationality and efficiency of mining technologies of mining operations and the development of solid commercial minerals deposits as a whole is given. It is considered and justified as big and rather topical problem. Methodological framework of its solution is represented by a system of evaluation categories the base of which is represented by criteria, indices and parameters of mining technologies. Original component of evaluation system is a some kind of sub-system of evaluation criteria. Indices for each type of criteria representing in some extent their content are represented as a central unit, the parameters of mining technologies are represented as components of evaluation system, and subsequently substantial expression of criteria, and indices.
Particularities of solving the problem of sustainable development of chromite underground mining at deep horizons by means of combined geotechnology
Authors: Kaplunov David , Bekbergenov Dosanbay , Djangulova Gulnar
Published: September 2018

The paper covers the particularities of development of Don chromite field and improvement of applied technologies of underground mining using uncontrolled caving. The weakest point of the technology of uncontrolled caving and any other similar structures is mining operations under the caved mass that considerably affects the stability of mine workings and their safety during the whole period of stoping. This issue is one of the most important and urgent, especially at the transition of mining operations to deeper levels where technological particularities of the minefield are getting more complicated. Therefore, the Project Development and Substantiation of Parameters of Combined Geotechnology for Safe and Sustainable Development of Chromite Mineral Resource Mining for underground mining will be a new technological solution ensuring the replacement of exhausted mineral resources in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the conditions of transition of mining operations to deeper levels. Further development at the combined and sequential underground mining operations using the system of uncontrolled caving and the system of horizontal layers with stowing is essential.
Geoinformational supporting of geotechnologies
Authors: Alenichev Viktor
Published: September 2018

The use of complex geotechnical systems, helping for a comprehensive exploitation of mineral resources, is possible only in combination of physical and technical methods of the physical, chemical, biohydro-metallurgical and other special geological technologies of extraction of useful components from natural deposits and man-made formations. To substantiate the parameters of geotechnologies and of extraction indicators of the useful component, information is needed about the modes of processes in the rock mass characterized by certain properties. The creation of a geodatabase, including the characteristics of the material composition and technological properties of the mineral in various fields, will allow to form a database of technological knowledge for the selection of the method of extraction of minerals from the depths and enrichment schemes based on the classification of situations. The bank of technological knowledge should be formed as a multi-level structure that takes in account the physical phenomena and effects accompanying the extraction of a useful component from the depths, technological methods of mining, geotechnological methods and processes of raw material extraction, its processing and enrichment, modes of technological processes.
Choosing the method of excavating vein reserves and mineralized zones on the basis of simulation modeling
Authors: Strukov Konstantin , Nikiforova Irina , Lavenkov Vladimir , Iun Yuri
Published: September 2018

For the effective involvement of off-balance ores into development, a simulation modeling of gross and selective mining variants at "Kochkar" deposit reserves has been carried out by the Monte Carlo method, provided that a new type of geological resource - mineralized rocks has been involved in mining, and an economic evaluation of competing options has been made.
Method of placer mining by directional well drilling
Authors: Bagazeev Viktor , Valiev Niyaz , Kokarev Konstantin , Startsev Vasiliy
Published: September 2018

The study aims at justifying the method for the development of placers by directed drilling of wells. A description is given of the opening of the site, the receding and oncoming scheme of the digging excavation, drilling and expansion of the wells, the main hydraulic unit with remote control. The physics-mechanical substantiation of technological parameters is given: hydro-jet erosion, the shape and size of the cleaning chambers, the adaptation of hydrotransport calculation methods. With jetting, the required flow rate and pressure of water to break rocks is based on the laws of soil mechanics. The parameters of the clearing space and the shape of the chambers are taken in accordance with the magnitude of the vault of natural equilibrium. As a determining factor in the calculation of gravity hydrotransport, the consistency of the pulp is adopted with observance of the condition necessary for the bearing capacity. To adapt the methodology for calculating the hydraulic lifting of pulp to the conditions of well development, the coefficient of dilution is taken as the main design parameter. Modeling of jetting jet in the laboratory conditions was carried out, dependences of decrease in axial pressure were obtained at removal of the face from the nozzle.
In-situ rock mass stress-state measurements in scales of mineral deposits: problem-solving
Authors: Balek Alexander , Sashourin Anatoly
Published: September 2018

This paper describes the new method for in-situ measurements of the most large-scale stress fields that are comparable to dimensions of deposits and mining leases. The method considers open cast mines and collapse zones of underground mining as disturbing cavities. The calculation of stresses is carried out thru measured deformations for the conditions of plane stressed state from the measured displacements of survey marks on the earth surface. GPS or GLONASS technology is used for the measuring. The results of in-situ study deformations of pit edges Pipe Udachnaya Mine (Sakha Republic, Russia) have been presented as an example of practical application of the method.
The assessment methodology of chamber mining system elements sustainability
Authors: Asanov Vladimir , Evseev Anton , Toksarov Valeriy , Beltiukov Nicholas
Published: September 2018

The forecasting method of roof treatment works stability in the silvinit seams mining of the Verkhnekamsk deposit of potassium salts, based on the strain properties determination of its constituent species in field conditions is examined.
The assessment of the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on the current stressstrain state of rock massif of burst-hazardous ore deposits in the East of Russia
Authors: Rasskazov Igor , Saksin Boris , Usikov Vitaly , Sidlyar Alexander
Published: September 2018

This paper does a case study of endogenous deposits located in the zone of influence of convergent (converging, colliding) boundaries of tectonic plates in the zone of the continent-ocean transition, where there is increased present seismic and geodynamic activity, covers the issues of the ratio of natural and anthropogenic components of the stress-strain state (SSS) in rock massifs. It has been shown that, despite the confinement of the studied deposits to a single rock structure, as well as the proximity of their common neotectonic position, the SSS of the rock massifs containing them varies significantly. Based on a comprehensive analysis of geological and geophysical data with the use of space data about the Earth (GRACE mission data for calculation of stress fields and radar images of the Earth's surface), the kinematics of the process of modern deformation of the upper part of the Earth's crust within the studied area is specified. It is established that the peculiarity of the region is the pronounced contribution of the natural component to the general present SSS of rock massifs of impactthreatening deposits. On a real example, the possibility of a predictive assessment of SSS has been shown, which is important at the stages of designing and conducting underground mining operations in severe mining-geological and burst -hazardous conditions.
The evaluation of the influence of tectonic structure of nikolayevsky deposit on rock-burst hazard of rock mass
Authors: Sidliar Aleksandr , Saksin Boris , Anikin Pavel , Lomov Mikhail
Published: September 2018

Using the joint analysis of seismoacoustic monitoring data and geodynamic features we have determined the consistent patterns of industrial stress field formation in deep aquifers of Nikolayevsky polymetallic deposit. This analysis allowed us to explain the hypothesis about the mechanism of hazardous geodynamic phenomena in the complex structure rock mass. Results of the research on the geostructural features of the Nikolayevsky scarn-polymetallic deposit allowed us to improve its geodynamic zoning. As the result, we have discovered major heterogeneity of the geological environment of the ore field, which defines its modern structure, as well as features of the strain-stress state of the rock mass (olistolith).
Rock burst hazard assessment of apatite mines on Kola Peninsula by means of local acoustic emission method
Authors: Rozanov Alexander , Tereshkin Andrei
Published: September 2018

Various acoustic emission (AE) parameters are used to characterize fracture process in rocks. The conventional statistical values are, for example, AE activity, b-factor, and distribution of energy. In order to map AE events the location analysis is used. There are also of interest in seismic analysis such kinematic parameters as corner frequency, seismic moment. To describe spatial pattern of hypocenter distribution a so called correlation integral is applied. In this work we apply spectral-correlation analysis to quantify each AE waveform with energy-correlation values. To study the behavior of spectral parameters during fracturing we carried out a series of AE measurements in the areas of extreme mining pressure in the PhosAgro apatite mines. For data acquisition purpose we use a device Prognoz-L which has been developed in the Mining Institute of Khabarovsk, Russia, for local stress monitoring.
Development of multi-channel portable impact control device for local assessment of the state of the edge parts of the rock massif
Authors: Konstantinov Alexander
Published: September 2018

The improvement directions of geoacoustic methods and software and hardware used for local rock mass impact hazard assessment are proposed in the article, in particular, comparison is made with the successfully proven Prognoz L device. Three main directions for its modernization are proposed, including the improvement of constructive elements, providing for the use of discrete components and wireless technologies advantages, a new approach to software development and the use of a “full” operating system. Thirdly, it is hardware improvement of the local control device, which in the future will provide source-locating possibility of acoustic emission in the massif.
The capability of detailed study of coal- and orebearing structures using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) by means of “well boresurface” observation system
Authors: Shkabarnia Nikolai , Shkabarnia Grigorii , Gorelov Petr , Korneeva Svetlana
Published: September 2018

Coal open-cuts of Khabarovsk and Primorskii krai are characterized by multiple coal beds of small thickness. Important is the task to evaluate structural architecture of landslide blocks distinguishing insecure beds of small thickness. In detailed study of ore deposits it is also needed to distinguish thin beds and rock-fracture zones. Therefore, in order for detailed study of such structures, it is proposed to develop a ERT technology with the use of “well bore-surface” observation system. On this stage, only theoretical justification of proposed technology is given. In order to ascertain the technology capability, the calculation of apparent resistivities for three-layer structures with various correlations of geometrical and electrical parameters was conducted. Calculations were performed with uniform spacing of 20 electrodes in a well bore and 40 of them on the surface with polling of Wenner and Schlumberger fourelectrode arrays, axial array and their three-electrode designs. Regularities of electrical field for three fragments of apparent resistivity section were established based upon the analysis of modeling results: electrodes only on the surface (horizontal profile), electrodes in the well bore (vertical profile), electrodes in the well bore and on the surface (mixed profile). Outstanding interest is represented by anomalous areas of mixed profile which are described by new regularities of the field and criteria of distinguishing beds of small thickness. Theoretically it has been demonstrated that new technology is effective with distinguishing beds of small thickness on different depths of geological section.
Factors influencing the characteristics dependence of zonal structure rock failure around lined opening
Authors: Ksendzenko Lyudmila
Published: September 2018

For the safe mining operations, it is necessary to take into account a large number of negative factors, one of which is zonal failure (disintegration) of rocks that occurs after developing deposits at great depths.Therefore, investigation of the behavior of zonal mesostructures regularities around deep mine openings is relevant.In this paper dependences from influencing factors of the first failure zone radial extent, of the depth of the contour zone and the first failure zone merging, and the depth of the second failure zone appearance are established based on the non-Euclidean model of the zonal failure rock mass around deep lined openings and the Odintsev’s criterion of the failure under compression.The influencing factors are the uniaxial compression strength of the rock σс (MPa); the opening depth H (m); the ratio of empirical coefficients γ3 / γ1 ; the values of the rocks elastic modulus, E, and the Poisson’s ratio, γ. The study was carried out both for hard and weak rocks at values resistance of support 0.5 and 1 MPa.
Preparability research on metasomatic ores and rocks of “Vostok-2” deposit
Authors: Samatova Luiza , Shepeta Elena
Published: September 2018

The research for examination of elemental composition of typical metasomatic rocks and ores have been carried out According to the data of mineral and petrographic analysis of twenty transparent sections in parallel and crossed Nicols, specific associations of minerals in ore of current production at “Vostochnyi” mine have been determined. Flotation testing on beneficiation of tailings of core geological samples has been conducted. Substantial redistribution of valuable mineral from easy ores to diluting rocks has been noted. The percent of greisen ore, with coarse scheelite grains, has become extremely rare and on the average is 2 - 2.5% of gross mass of scheelite-quartz ore. The appearance of skarn minerals relicts and, at times, areas of skarn minerals in scheelite-sulphide ores leads to formation, in the near-vein spaces, of scheelite-biotite, scheeliteamphibole, scheelite-piroxene, scheelite-chlorite and scheelite-mica complex associations. Impregnations of scheelite have been found in quartzous rocks, the composition of mother rocks may be diverse (skarn, skarnified or biotite hornfels, quartzites). The number of dispersed single scheelite grains in rock and anhedral grains in near-vein spaces adjacent to veins with high scheelite concentration has grown. The content of СаСО3 which is conditioned by the presence of Ca-containing minerals in the composition of skarn in the shape of thin (fine) grain crystalline impregnation along the crevices and cleavage faces with formation of thin microveinlets, often together with quartz has increased. The calculation of expected extraction has evaluated the drop of scheelite extraction from feed of Primorskaia ore-processing plant in saleable concentrate of down to 3 %.
Skarn-scheelite ores beneficiation stimulation using ultrasonic treatment
Authors: Shepeta Elena , Samatova Luiza
Published: September 2018

The impact of acoustic vibrations on physical and chemical properties of circulating water, heterogenic systems of pulps of sulphide and scheelite cycles flotations, collectors (IMA-I413p (potassium butyl xanthate), sodium oleate of commercial acid B-115) have been studied on skarn scheelite-quartz-sulphide ore of Vostok-2 deposit. Ultrasonic treatment has been performed using UZDN-2T apparatus. Working frequency 22 kHz, absorbed acoustic power average for radiator Pak = 46 W, sound intensity average Ius = 1 W/cm2 (rated Ius= 2-3 W/cm2). During all experiments, ultrasonic treatment time was constant - 5 minutes, insonation solutions volume - 250-100 ml, solutions heating temperature in the course of insonation - 25-35 °С. The flotation tests patterns, reagent scheme are approximate to process regulation of Primorskaia oreprocessing plant processing ores of given deposit. Utmost increment of extraction in case of collctors ultrasonic treatment has been reached on dialkyldithiophosphate (IMA-I413p), the increment of extraction of chalcopyrite into bulk sulphide concentrate 0.98 %. The best results of testing of ultrasonic treatment impact on scheelite ores beneficiation have been obtained in case of ultrasound impact on circulating water. In consequence of stimulation of precious minerals flotation increment of extraction of chalcopyrite into copper concentrate by 1.4 % and scheelite into bulk rough concentrate by 2.5 % has been obtained.
Possibility of implementation of dry technology of gold-bearing ores roughing: case study of “Gurbey” deposit
Authors: Matveev Andrey , Lebedev Ivan , Lvov Evgeniy , Osipov Diulustan , Gavriliev Dmitry , Sleptsova Ekaterina
Published: September 2018

The aim of the research is to identify the ability/feasibility of dry roughing of ore taking as the example “Gurbey” deposit in Irkutsk Region and to develop a rational scheme for processing ores containing free gold. Studies of the dry processing technology of gold-bearing ore at “Gurbey” deposit with the initial weight of 1,123.8 kg were carried out by semi-industrial plants: the DKD-300 combined shock impact crusher, the CMVU-800 centrifugal mill and the POS-2000 air separator developed by CNMI SD RAS. The sample was subjected to two cycles of crushing and four cycles of grinding followed by pneumatic separation. The circulating load is class +12 mm after the DKD-300 crusher, and for the mill, all screening products are +3 mm, as well as the products of classification -3 + 1 mm of the POS-2000 concentrate. As a result of treatment of the concentration products, 23.93 grams of free gold was recovered (concentration on tables: control, recleaning, concentration of the Mosely minerals by analyzer, magnetic separation, heavy medium separation on bromoform). At the same time, it was established that gold from the ore with initial size of 150 mm can be completely stripped and recovered with the POS-2000 air separator with a particle size of up to 100 microns. At the same time gold extraction into the primary concentrate is up to 60%. Based on the results of the research, a basic scheme for dry roughing of “Gurbey” ore containing “free” native gold was developed using the ore treatment devices: RD-MDV-900, DKD-300 crushers, CMVU-800 centrifugal mill and POS-2000 air separator. The technological scheme is fundamental for gold-bearing ores containing "free" gold of fineness over 100 microns.
Efficiency of centrifugal flotation during the refining of gold-bearing enrichment products
Authors: Salomatova Svetlana
Published: September 2018

The results of enriching the products of gold-antimony ore processing using centrifugal flotation are presented. A series of experiments was conducted on a laboratory centrifugal flotation machine with peripheral unloading of concentrate (CFM) and on a laboratory mechanical flotation machine (FM). The selectivity of deposition of mineral particles from the flotation mineralized foam flowing on an inclined plane after flotation under different conditions (with a collector and without the use of a collector) has been studied. It has been shown that it is possible to regulate the intensity and selectivity of deposition of material from the foam layer by using a collector. It is established that the combination of the effect of the centrifugal force of fluid rotation and the hydrophobic properties of minerals makes it possible to strengthen the selectivity of mineral separation, flotation in a centrifugal flotation machine can be used for purification operations with the aim of improving the quality of concentrate.
Obtaining sorbents from brown coals samples of Kharanorskoe coal deposit by way of electromagnetic microwave radiation exposure
Authors: Vorsina Elena , Moskalenko Tatiana , Mikheev Valerii
Published: September 2018

This article studies the possibility of intensification of Kharanorskoe deposit brown coal alkaline activation by way of electromagnetic microwave radiation (EMR) exposure in order to obtain sorbents. There is data that presents investigation of qualitative and adsorption properties of sorbents obtained from 0-2 mm brown coal samples impregnated with potassium hydroxide at a KOH / coal of 1 g / g weight ratio and subjected to thermolysis at 800 °C in the thermal shock mode. The authors carried out a detailed analysis of three options for thermal treatment of the coal-alkali mixture ahead of thermolysis: coalalkali mixture drying to indiscrete mass, EMR treatment and combination of ones. The design of a laboratory microwave oven for heat treatment of raw materials based on the use of EMR at a frequency of 2,450 MHz is presented. It was found out that the effect of electromagnetic microwave radiation with a frequency of 2.450 MHz makes it possible to increase the adsorption activity on iodine by 4-6%, reaching a value of 97%, to significantly shorten the time of preliminary heat treatment of the coalalkali mixture and to shorten the thermolysis time when sorbents obtain.
Research into special technological effects for formation of wear resistant coatings using mineral raw materials of the far eastern region
Authors: Makienko Viktor , Romanov Igor , Sokolov Pavel , Atenyaev Alexander , Pervakov Dmitry
Published: September 2018

The results of the study of the possibility of using additional technological influence in the formation of doped coatings are presented. The distribution of thermal fields has been calculated, which makes it possible to estimate and predict the influence of additional influence on the formation of the coating in a simplified manner. Experimental studies have shown that additional technological influence promotes mixing of the melt, leading to an increase in the transition of alloying elements, as well as an increase in the mechanical properties and quality of the weld metal.
The study of transient processes – a new direction in the development of a methodological approach to the solution of problems of complex development of georesources.
Authors: Yakovlev Victor
Published: September 2018

The article presents the stages of technology development and methodology of subsoil development in the postwar years to the modern period, taking into account the transition from planned to market economy. The necessity of new methodological approaches to solving the problems of subsoil development based on the principles of consistency, complexity, interdisciplinary orientation. The definition of the strategy for the development of deep-lying complex structural fields with the increase of geological, mining and technical and economic information in the dynamics of mining. The concept of “transient processes” is introduced, the accounting of which laws is the basis for the development of innovative technologies for the evaluation, production and ore preparation of mineral raw materials that meet the requirements of the subsequent enrichment and metallurgical processes of production of commodity products. The features of development of reserves of deposits in the Northern and equated regions, including taking into account the integrated development of territories by creating mineral resource centers. The directions of further research of transient processes, focused on the establishment of the main factors affecting the justification of methods, stages and timing of adaptation of the parameters of the main technological processes in the existing mining enterprises to changing internal and external conditions of their operation and the development of new deep-seated deposits in different climatic and mining conditions.
Problems of mineral raw material losses of quality and quantity management in developing of large-scale complex-structure deposits.
Authors: Tkach Sergei
Published: September 2018

The article deals with the problems of mineral raw material losses of quality and quantity management in developing of large-scale complex-structure and composition deposits of solid minerals. It is shown that a very high degree of mining and geological conditions variability in time and space for the development of mining units is typical for such deposits. This significantly complicates the qualitative and quantitative operating losses setting and accounting of mineral raw materials during its extraction in the framework of existing general and industry regulatory documents. Conceptual principles for face-by-face operational setting of losses and impoverishment of minerals for the conditions of bulk mining of complex-structure deposits with the formation of gross mining flow with economically feasible and specified level of quality (the content of commercial and harmful components) are stated. These principles generally do not contradict effective instructions main provisions and are made to minimize the total operating losses during the processing of several mine sections (faces).
Migrational activity of elements and chemical soil pollution during deposit exploitation in Amur River region and Okhotsk Sea region
Authors: Makhinova Aleksandra , Makhinov Aleksey , Kuptsova Viktoriya
Published: September 2018

We studied mechanisms of geochemical soil systems formation. This work provides geochemical characteristics of soils under the influence of mining enterprises. It also shows the mechanisms of sewage water enrichment by heavy metals during sulphidic deposit exploitation and their interaction with soil substance. We also describe migrational activity of elements and the conditions of their concentration in the soil volume. It is shown that migrational activity of elements depends on both their chemical nature and the level of aggressive fractions of humus acids and background-forming elements (Fe and Mn) content. The level of heavy metal concentration in soils formed in the area of influence of deposits showed to be exceeded. We suggest new approach to complex evaluation of element reallocation mechanisms in soils.
Methodological problems of natural and naturaltechnical systems based on the example of Primorsky Region
Authors: Lipina Lubov , Usikov Vitalii , Grehnev Nikolai
Published: September 2018

The paper shows that in the development of indigenous ore deposits, four main types of solid waste are formed, which affect natural systems and form the main processes of mining technogenesis. In general, the technogenic impact of mining processes on ecosystem components is diverse, so it becomes necessary to separate the stages of production. The technological and geological factors for the development of specific mine objects are of significant importance for the ecological state of naturaltechnical systems (NTS), the results of which should be taken into account in the ecological mapping of the NTS, taking into account the strongest component - the lithogenic base, which determines the geochemical background (the medium in which the chemical reactions take place).
Prospects of multipurpose and complex use of the most important types of non-metals in the economy of the Far East region
Authors: Sklyarova Galina
Published: September 2018

construction materials. At the territory of the Far East there are geological and economic potential to create raw material bases for development of important economic complexes such as agrochemical (for fertilizer production: phosphoric - apatites, phosphates, potassium - alunites, organic - peat, sapropels; using as structure formers and soil-aggregate stabilizers: carbonate rocks, natural adsorbents, organic raw materials.), metallurgical (refractory clays, alumina slates, alunits), ecological ( natural adsorbents-zeolites, bentonites, perlites, diatomites) as well as others - chemical-forestry, mineral-construction, high technologies. Positive results of geological and economic assessments of deposit prognostic models of non-metallic raw materials allow to recommend them as the objects for industrial use. It is recommended to create new mineral non-metal bases not far from the main consumers, which is the most important for remote regions of the Far East.
Experience in the use of “metaknowledge” of geoecology in the working out of the National Concept Sustainable Development of Russia
Authors: Turkov Sergey
Published: September 2018

Some of the scientific questions and basic methodological regulations, which follows from the practice of using “metaknowledge” of geoecology obtained in the process of research and working out of the National Concept of Sustainable Development of Russia (NCSD), as the official doctrine of its development (1996), presented for discussion. The aim of the study is determination of a special (physically adequate to Nature and Society), information, logical and algorithmically organized subdomain of natural scientific knowledge necessary for a comprehensive idea of the original object of the study: active complicated systems (ACS) of “nature-society” class. The main trend of application of the results obtained is elaboration of automated (“human-machine”) systems for planning (support) of optimal management decisions for organizational structures of environmental management at the global, regional and local levels of the planet. A new - “geosystem” - approach to solving the problems of sustainable development (“Sustainable Development”, 1995), including the possibility of both external (“technogenic”) and internal (or “soft”, i.e. restoring the ecological balance) management of the ACS “nature-society” is proposed. In terms of “a new theory of entropy”, A. N. Panchenkov (1999) worked out scientific formulations of the following concepts: the system of “nature-society” class, the conflict (in the conditions of “uncertainty”), “metaknowledge” of geoecology, “balance” and “sustainable development”, as well as diagrams and formulas for calculation of such states. For practical realization of the NCSD in the country a new and worthy of the XXI century “Industry of Knowledge” should be created, which at the national level should proceed from the formula: “Digital Russia” = (“digital Earth” + “digital economy”).
The application of remote sensing data for the assessment of man-made environments in the coal regions of the south of the Far East
Authors: Bubnova Marina
Published: September 2018

The paper is concerned with analysis state of surfaces of waste dumps coal deposits according to Earth remote sensing. It is noted, that formed because of open-pit operations at Bikinsky and Raichikhinsky coal mining enterprise areas denudation accumulative violations were determinate by using programs for satellite images interpretation, as well as certain large forms of man-made relief (such as quarries, dumps, sedimentation tanks) were identified, followed by the calculation of their areas and the assessment of the value of environmental and economic damage to the environment, i.e. it was possible to give not only a qualitative description of the pollution process, but also its quantitative assessment. The approach to biomass determination based on vegetation NDVI index is presented. The conclusion is based on possibility of selfrestoration of the plant ecosystem on the surface of mining landscapes without special work on the reclamation of disturbed lands.
Quality of mineral wealth as a factor affecting the formation of refuse of ore mining and processing enterprises
Authors: Chrykhalova Svetlana
Published: September 2018

Studies are carried out to estimate the amount of refuse generated in mining operations in conditions of deteriorating ore quality. The introduction of static material efficiency is suggested, which shows how much of the extracted rock mass is the finished product (concentrate) and the refuse production factor at mining and processing enterprises.
Ecology and mining industry development in high-mountain areas (the Inner Tien Shan)
Authors: Aleshin Yurii , Aitmatov Ilgiz , Torgoev Isakbek , Chukin Bektur
Published: September 2018

The genesis and transformation in time of risks in the areas of high altitude tailings storage facilities with respect to changing climate are considered. Based on the example of the Kumtor mine in the center of the Tien Shan at a height of 3600-4300 m, three groups of risk factors were allocated concerning a large, ecologically hazardous facility - the tailings dam containing cyanide waste. For one of the factors, calculations of an accidental dam burst were made using the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) method. It was concluded that the construction of large-scaled and geoenvironmentally hazardous facilities in less researched high-mountain areas has to be be drawn upon detailed and permanent monitoring of the facility itself and its environment. It is crucial to be prepared for operational adjustment of projects and an immediate rehabilitation of constructed facilities.
Assessment of technological preparedness coal deposits to a rational industrial development
Authors: Pisarenko Marina
Published: September 2018

In order to ensure the rationality, saving of mineral resources and to encourage subsoil users to improve production and processing technologies, it is proposed to involve deposits estimated as technologically prepared in the industrial development. This assessment, which is understood to be the compliance of industrial production technologies with mining and geological conditions of the deposits, is proposed to be included in the geological materials for the development of the deposits. As an indicator of determining the technological readiness of the site, use the coefficient of technological readiness-the ratio of the volume of outside-balance resource to the total geological reserves.
Looking back on 28 years of cryogenic single-molecule experiments
Authors: Orrit Michel
Published: September 2018

Starting with the first single-molecule fluorescence experiments in 1990, the field of cryogenic single-molecule spectroscopy exploits the narrow zero-phonon lines of single molecules, usually in molecular crystals and glasses. Occasionally, similar experiments can also be done at room temperature, as illustrated by the case of the NV- center in diamond. In this review contribution, I shall illustrate the variety and scope of the experiments performed in the past 28 years, highlighting some important points and outlooks.
Multiphoton spectroscopy: An optical window into molecular electrostatics
Authors: Rebane Aleksander
Published: September 2018

Quantitative knowledge about static molecular electric dipole moments is essential for understanding of intramolecular charge transfer as well as nanometer-scale static electric interactions. However, measuring or determining the molecular electrostatic properties with sufficient accuracy remains a challenging task. In our experiments, we measure the femtosecond two-photon absorption spectra- and cross sections of a range of organic- and organometallic chromophores in solution and use these data to determine the electric dipole moment change in corresponding lowest-energy dipole-allowed transition. Good correspondence of our experimental dipole moments with the quantum-chemical calculations as well as reports by other groups using conventional dipole moment measurement methods suggests that quantitative multiphoton spectroscopy may offer all-optical alternative to the traditional techniques such as Stark effect and electrochromism.
Photophysics and electroluminescence of single nanocrystals of halide perovskites and related nanomaterials
Authors: Vacha Martin , Sharma Dharmendar Kumar
Published: September 2018

We report simultaneous photoluminescence and electroluminescence single-particle study of nanocrystals of inorganic halide perovskite CsPbBr3, as well as of ternary I-III-IV semiconductor quantum dots.
Time resolved femtosecond spectroscopy of nanocomposites
Authors: Khasanov Oleg , Smirnova Tatiana , Fedotova Olga , Rusetsky Grigory , Gayvoronsky Vladimir , Pokutnyi Sergey
Published: September 2018

Characterization methods of nanocomposites consisted of semiconductor metal-oxide quantum dots (QD) incorporated into a dielectric matrix have been elaborated on the base of time resolved four-wave mixing and photon echo. Large permanent dipole moment, inherent to QDs under study, local field effect, the QD spatial dispersion and distribution function of the transition dipole moments in QDs are taken into account. New responses at multiple frequencies in directions differed from spatial synchronism conditions of well-known signals have been predicted.
Experimental realization of revival of silenced echo memory protocol in optical cavity
Authors: Minnegaliev Mansur , Gerasimov Konstantin , Urmancheev Ravil , Moiseev Sergey
Published: September 2018

We demonstrated a photon echo quantum memory for weak input optical pulses on the ROSE protocol in a Tm3+:Y3Al5O12 crystal placed in impedance-matched optical cavity. The quantum efficiency of 21% for a storage of time of 36 µs was achieved for single light pulses.
Quantitative description of MLCT transitions in ruthenium polypyridyl complexes probed by two-photon absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Stark Charles W. , Rammo M. , Petritšenko K. , Pahapill J. , Mikhaylov A. , Rebane A.
Published: September 2018

Quantitative two-photon absorption (2PA) cross section and 2PA spectrum measurements were used to determine the molecular electric dipole change in the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer transition of ruthenium(II) tris-complexes of 2,2’-bipyridine ([Ru(bpy)3]2+) and 1,10-phenanthroline ([Ru(phen)3]2+) in several solvents.
Influence of solid matrices on spectral features of metalloporphyrins
Authors: Starukhin Aleksandr , Gorski Aleksander , Kijak Michal
Published: September 2018

A way of simultaneously forming in the ground electronic state a planar, as well as two distorted forms was established for a set of metalloporphyrins in solid matrices at cryogenic temperatures. Experimental data together with results of theoretical DFT calculations are combined for analysis and assignment of possible types of distorted porphyrin macrocycles conformations.
Optical detection of single transparent nanoparticles
Authors: Vainer Yuri , Zybin Alexander , Gippius Nikolay , Malek Anastasia
Published: September 2018

We will present the novel experimental far-field optical microscopy technique for detection of single nanoparticles, which weakly absorb a visible light and are characterized by refractive index close to its value in nearby environment (including particles of organic and biological origin: polymer nanoparticles, microand extracellular vesicles, liposomes, viruses etc).
Spin colour centres in SiC as a material platform for sensing and information processing at ambient conditions
Authors: Anisimov Andrey , Soltamov Victor , Baranov Pavel , Astakhov Georgy , Dyakonov Vladimir
Published: September 2018

Atomic-scale colour centres in bulk and nanocrystalline SiC are promising systems for quantum photonics compatible with fiber optics, quantum information processing and sensing at ambient conditions. Colour centres which acts as stable single photon sources in SiC can be key elements for quantum photonics and communications. It has been shown that there are at least two families of colour centres in SiC with S = 1 and S = 3/2, which have the property of optical alignment of the spin levels even at room temperature and above. The spin state can be initialized, manipulated and readout by means of optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR), level anticrossing and cross-relaxation. Recently, we observed the effects of “hole burning” in the ODMR spectra, which made it possible to narrow the ODMR line by approximately an order of magnitude, which substantially increases the possibilities of technological applications of spin centres.
Low-temperature dynamics in a dye-doped polymer: correspondence between the data obtained by photon echo and single molecule spectroscopy
Authors: Karimullin Kamil , Naumov Andrei
Published: September 2018

Low temperature dynamics (tunneling and vibrational relaxation) in doped polyisobutylene film has been reinvestigated using 2-pulse incoherent photon echo (2IPE) and compared with single-molecule spectroscopy (SMS) data. It has been shown that in a very wide range of low temperatures the 2IPE gives optical dephasing times which correspond to the narrowest zero-phonon lines of single dye molecules.
Spontaneous transitions to enhanced fluorescence for GeV centers in a single microcrystalline diamond
Authors: Lozing Natalia A. , Gladush Maxim G. , Eremchev Ivan Yu. , Ekimov Eugeniy A. , Naumov Andrey V.
Published: September 2018

We propose a theoretical explanation of spontaneous transitions between dim and bright fluorescence intensity states observed experimentally in a microcrystal of diamond with germanium-vacancy colour centres driven by a continuous wave laser. We use a generalized system of optical Maxwell-Bloch equations derived for an emitter in an ensemble of motionless similar particles embedded in a dielectric medium, which is transparent for the incident light. A numerical analysis of transient regimes and several models of slow damping of the bright luminescence mode are reported.
Absorption and emission properties of QD-like particles
Authors: Gladush Maxim , Smirnova Ekaterina
Published: September 2018

In this work we present a theoretical calculation of the absorption spectra of a weak probe signal and the resonance fluorescence spectra of two-level systems with a cw excitation with phonon-induced transitions.
Solidification, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-2.8Nd-1.5Gd-0.5Zn-0.5Zr Cast Alloy with Erbium Addition
Authors: Ahmad R. , Elaswad A.M.M. , Hamzah M. Z. , Shahizan N. R.
Published: September 2018

The thermal parameters of Mg-2.8Nd-1.5Gd-0.5Zn-0.5Zr cast alloy with 0.25 wt.% of erbium (Er) were evaluated by the computer-aided cooling curve thermal analysis(CA CCTA), whereas the microstructure analysis was investigated by the optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy. Results from the cooling curve and microstructure analysis showed that Er altered the grain size of the alloys. In addition, the grain size was reduced by approximately 19.6% with the addition of Er. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that Er formed an Mg-Zn-Nd-Er phase which distributed along the grain boundaries. Furthermore, the mechanical properties were investigated by hardness and tensile tests with Er addition. The addition of 0.25 wt.% of Er significantly improved the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength. In addition, the hardness value of Mg-2.8Nd-1.5Gd-0.5Zn-0.5Zr increased by 13.9% with Er addition.
Material Selection for Interfacial Bond Layer in Electronic Packaging
Authors: Sujan D. , Vincent L. , Pok Y. W.
Published: September 2018

In electronic packaging, typically two or more thin dissimilar plates or layers are bonded together by an extremely thin adhesive bond layer. Electronic assemblies are usually operated under high power conditions which predictably produces a high temperature environment in the electronic devices. Therefore, thermal mismatch shear and peeling stress inevitably arise at the interfaces of the bonded dissimilar materials due to differences in Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) typically during the high temperature change in the bond process. As a result, delamination failure may occur during manufacturing, machining, and field use. As such, these thermo-mechanical stresses play a very significant role in the design and reliability of the electronic packaging assembly. Consequently, critical investigations of interfacial stresses under variable load conditions in composite structure can result in a better design of electronic packaging with higher reliability and minimize or eliminate the risk of functional failure. In order to formulize bond material selection, analytical studies are carried out in order to study the influence of bond layer parameters on interfacial thermal stresses of a given package. These parameters include Coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), poison’s ratio, temperature, thickness, and stiffness (compliant and stiff) of the bond layer. From the study, stiffness and bond layer thickness are identified as the key parameters influencing interfacial shearing and peeling stresses. The other parameters namely CTE, poisons ratio has shown insignificant influence on interfacial stresses due to the very thin section of bond layer compared to the top and bottom layers. The results also show that the interfacial stresses increases proportionally with the increase of temperature in the layers. Therefore, it is very important that the temperature is maintained as low as possible during the chip manufacturing and operating stages. Since only two parameters namely stiffness and bond layer thickness are identified as the key parameters, the interface thermal mismatch stresses can be reduced or eliminated by controlling these two parameters only. Therefore the identification of suitable bond layer parameters selection with reasonable accuracy is possible even without performing optimization process. Finally, this paper proposes a Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) bond material selection approach using rule of mixture material design. The outcome of this research can be seen in the forms of practical and beneficial tools for interfacial stress evaluation and physical design and fabrication of layered assemblies. The Engineers can utilize this research outcome in conjunction with guidelines for electronic packaging under variable thermal properties of layered composites.
Monitoring System of Shaft Based on ZigBee Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Fan Man-hong , Ma Sheng-qian
Published: September 2018

Traditional shaft temperature and humidity detection system is wired mode, the transmission distance is limited. In order to overcome this shortcoming, this paper designed a detection system, which is based on ZigBee wireless sensor network and digital temperature-humidity sensor. In the system, the data’s acquisition and transmission of master-slave nodes is realized by the star network, and the data is displayed on the host computer through serial port. The system can realize multi-point detection and real-time monitoring.
A Simple Integrated Geometrical Error Model for Laser Tracer
Authors: Song Huixu , Chen Hongfang , Shi Zhaoyao
Published: September 2018

Geometrical errors of 2D gimbal mount axes are studied for laser tracer for the sake of realizing rapid detection for numerical control equipment. The high precision reference sphere, which serves as the reflection unit and is set on the base, avoids the influence on measurement accuracy caused by the movements of rotatory axes, and ensures that laser tracer owns large tracing angle. The nonlinear coupling relationship between the geometrical errors and the measurement accuracy of laser tracer is analyzed; the integrated geometrical error model of 2D gimbal mount axes and laser interferometry system is established; the error map of the measuring system is brought. The simulation results demonstrate that the measurement error of the laser tracer is certain and unique after the value and direction of all the geometrical errors determined.