bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Speculating with glitches: keeping the future moving
Authors: Bodden Shawn , Ross Jen
Published: December 2020

This paper explores the glitch as a generative problem which is capable of introducing unanticipated possibilities and futures into situations. We understand the glitch as a sociomaterial encounter rather than merely a technical error, and argue that it calls for (re)consideration of here-and-now possible futures through practices of response and repair. Exploring the ways that people seek to respond to glitches, we consider two case studies in which unexpected problems provoke those involved to speculate playfully and practically about new possibilities. In the first case, a malfunctioning ‘Teacherbot’ incites new challenges and pedagogical opportunities in an online learning environment. In the second, Hungarian activists creatively use infrastructural and political problems to make new spaces of protest and to press the government to respond to their concerns. Considering these empirical cases allows us to observe how playful and disruptive dispositions have worked to question the terms of possible futures in the real world, and to unsettle the seemingly given terms of power-relations. Glitches are not a panacea, but they can provide an impetus to act from within situations that are uncertain, and can therefore point to new trajectories and possible futures.
From villain to hero: trans men and non-binary persons as care providers in Southern Europe
Authors: Santos Ana Cristina
Published: December 2020

This article focuses on biographical narratives of trans men and non-binary people about care practices in the spheres of friendship and family. Recognising forms of resistance to adversity through informal networks of support, in this article, care provided by trans and non-binary people to (often) cisgender recipients is conceptualised as a heroic act. It is suggested that trans male and non-binary embodied experiences of care constitute a fundamental political platform to rethink sociologically concepts of care, masculinity and corporal dissidence within the framework of intimate citizenship in and beyond Southern Europe.
Experimental simulation of the parity-time symmetric dynamics using photonic qubits
Authors: Gao Wei-Chao , Zheng Chao , Liu Lu , Wang Tie-Jun , Wang Chuan
Published: December 2020

The concept of parity-time (PT) symmetry originates from the framework of quantum mechanics, where if the Hamiltonian operator satisfies the commutation relation with the parity and time operators, it shows real energy spectrum. Recently, PT symmetry was introduced into various systems, such as optics, electronic circuits, acoustics, and other classical fields to further study the dynamical behaviors of the Hamiltonian and the energies. To focus on the dynamical evolution of the quantum state, here we experimentally studied the dynamical evolution of a two-level quantum system under the PT symmetric Hamiltonian using single-photon system. By enlarging the system using ancillary qubit and encoding the subsystem under the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian with post-selection, the evolution of the state can be characterized with a high fidelity. Owing to the effectively operation of the dilation method, our work provides a route for further exploiting the exotic properties of PT symmetric Hamiltonian for quantum simulation and quantum information processing.
Interaction of a heralded single photon with nitrogen-vacancy centers in a diamond
Authors: Gieysztor Maria , Misiaszek Marta , der Veen Joscelyn van , Gawlik Wojciech , Jelezko Fedor , Kolenderski Piotr
Published: December 2020

A simple, room-temperature, cavity- and vacuum-free interface for a photon-matter interaction is implemented. In the experiment, a heralded single photon generated by the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion is absorbed by an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy color centers. The broad absorption spectrum associated with the phonon sideband solves the mismatch problem of a narrow absorption bandwidth in a typical atomic medium and broadband spectrum of quantum light. The heralded single photon source is tunable in the spectral range 452 − 575 nm, which overlaps well with the absorption spectrum of nitrogen-vacancy centers.
Analysis of substrated periodic metasurfaces under normal incidence
Authors: Hesari-Shermeh Maryam , Abbasi-Arand Bijan , Yazdi Mohammad
Published: December 2020

The analysis and synthesis of metasurfaces are important because of their emerging applications in a broad range of the operational wavelengths from microwaves to the visible light spectrum. Moreover, in many applications, like optical nanoantennas, absorbers, solar cells, and sensing, the presence of a substrate is apparent. Therefore, understanding the effects of substrates upon the metasurfaces is important, as the substrates typically affect the resonance behaviors of particles, as well as the interactions between them. In order to consider the impacts of substrates, this paper develops a method for the characterization and homogenization of substrated metasurfaces. This approach is based on independent studies of the electromagnetic behavior of the constituting nanoparticles, and the interactions between them. It uses image theory to calculate the interaction constant tensors in the presence of a dielectric substrate. Then, the contributions of the quasi-static interaction fields of the primary and image dipoles are considered as a homogeneous sheet of surface polarization currents. Finally, the closed-form expressions for the interaction constant tensors are derived. To show the accuracy of our proposed approach, the numerical results of the method are compared to other approaches, as well as with those generated by a commercial EM solver, which are all found to be in good agreement. Moreover, the effects of the refractive index of the substrate, the geometric characteristics of the particle, and periodicity of the array are also investigated on the interaction constants. We believe that this methodology is general and useful in the design and analysis of substrated metasurfaces for various applications.
Metal-to-ligand charge transfer chirality-based sensing of mercury ions
Authors: Wang Xiongbin , Wang Qiushi , Chen Yulong , Li Jiagen , Pan Ruikun , Cheng Xing , Ng Kar Wei , Zhu Xi , He Tingchao , Cheng Jiaji , Tang Zikang , Chen Rui
Published: December 2020

Chiral ligand conjugated transition metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are a promising platform for chiral recognition, biochemical sensing, and chiroptics. Herein, we present chirality-based strategy for effective sensing of mercury ions via ligand-induced chirality derived from metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) effects. The ligand competition effect between molybdenum and heavy metal ions such as mercury is designated to be essential for MLCT chirality. With this know-how, mercury ions, which have a larger stability constant (

K

f

) than molybdenum, can be selectively identified and quantified with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.08 and 0.12 nmol/L for D-cysteine and L-cysteine (Cys) capped

MoO

2

NPs. Such chiral chemical sensing nanosystems would be an ideal prototype for biochemical sensing with a significant impact on the field of biosensing, biological systems, and water research-based nanotoxicology.
Welche Strategien nutzen Coaches bei herausfordernden Klienten? Eine explorative Analyse von Herausforderungen, Strategien und der Rolle von Supervision
Authors: Graßmann Carolin , Diller Sandra Julia , Jonas Eva
Published: December 2020

Diese explorative Studie untersucht welche Klienten Coaches als besonders herausfordernd erleben, welche Strategien sie für den Umgang mit ihnen einsetzen und welche Rolle Supervision in der Wahl von Strategien spielt. Es wurden 99 Coaches in einer Online-Befragung darum gebeten, an ihren herausforderndsten Klienten im Coaching zu denken. Die deskriptiven Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Coaches ihre Klienten besonders dann als herausfordernd wahrnahmen, wenn die Klienten wenig Problembewusstsein zeigten, falsche Erwartungen bezüglich des Coachings besaßen oder kein konkretes Coachingziel hatten. Zudem gab über die Hälfte der Coaches eine psychische Störung beim Klienten als Herausforderung an. Für den Umgang mit herausfordernden Klienten setzten die Coaches eine Vielzahl an Strategien ein, insbesondere aber Vertrauensaufbau, Empathie und Wertschätzung. Über zehn Prozent der Coaches gab zusätzlich an, dass die Coachings abgebrochen wurden. Des Weiteren deuten die Ergebnisse auf eine unterstützende Funktion von Supervision hin: Coaches, die Supervision nutzen, setzen insgesamt mehr als erfolgreich angesehene Strategien ein. Die Ergebnisse tragen dazu bei, Herausforderungen und deren Umgang damit im Coaching besser zu verstehen.
A mechanistic framework for a priori pharmacokinetic predictions of orally inhaled drugs
Authors: Hartung Niklas , Borghardt Jens Markus
Published: December 2020

The fate of orally inhaled drugs is determined by pulmonary pharmacokinetic processes such as particle deposition, pulmonary drug dissolution, and mucociliary clearance. Even though each single process has been systematically investigated, a quantitative understanding on the interaction of processes remains limited and therefore identifying optimal drug and formulation characteristics for orally inhaled drugs is still challenging. To investigate this complex interplay, the pulmonary processes can be integrated into mathematical models. However, existing modeling attempts considerably simplify these processes or are not systematically evaluated against (clinical) data. In this work, we developed a mathematical framework based on physiologically-structured population equations to integrate all relevant pulmonary processes mechanistically. A tailored numerical resolution strategy was chosen and the mechanistic model was evaluated systematically against data from different clinical studies. Without adapting the mechanistic model or estimating kinetic parameters based on individual study data, the developed model was able to predict simultaneously (i) lung retention profiles of inhaled insoluble particles, (ii) particle size-dependent pharmacokinetics of inhaled monodisperse particles, (iii) pharmacokinetic differences between inhaled fluticasone propionate and budesonide, as well as (iv) pharmacokinetic differences between healthy volunteers and asthmatic patients. Finally, to identify the most impactful optimization criteria for orally inhaled drugs, the developed mechanistic model was applied to investigate the impact of input parameters on both the pulmonary and systemic exposure. Interestingly, the solubility of the inhaled drug did not have any relevant impact on the local and systemic pharmacokinetics. Instead, the pulmonary dissolution rate, the particle size, the tissue affinity, and the systemic clearance were the most impactful potential optimization parameters. In the future, the developed prediction framework should be considered a powerful tool for identifying optimal drug and formulation characteristics.
Malnutrition and nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) in surgical patients with cancer
Authors: Viana Eduarda Cristina Rodrigues de Morais , Oliveira Isadora da Silva , Rechinelli Ana Beatriz , Marques Isabele Lessa , Souza Vanusa Felício de , Spexoto Maria Cláudia Bernardes , Pereira Taísa Sabrina Silva , Guandalini Valdete Regina
Published: December 2020

Background and aim

Nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) are common in cancer patients and the negative impacts on nutritional status indicate the need for research, diagnosis and nutritional intervention in order to reduce the risk of malnutrition. We aimed to verify the presence of malnutrition, the need for nutritional intervention, NIS and their influence on the nutritional status of surgical patients with cancer.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was carried out in a public tertiary hospital, from March 2017 to October 2019. Nutritional status, the need for nutritional intervention and NIS were assessed through the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) in the first 48 hours of hospital admission.

Results

Among the 135 patients evaluated, 55.6% were elderly and 51.1% were male; patients had a median age of 62 years and a predominance of cancer located in the lower gastrointestinal tract (35.6%). Malnutrition and the need for nutritional intervention were identified in 60.0% and 90.4% of cases, respectively. The presence of three or more NIS was reported by 51.9% of patients. Significant differences in NIS were observed according to sex, PG-SGA classification and PG-SGA score. After logistic regression analysis, it was determined that the symptoms that increased the chances of malnutrition were anorexia, constipation, strange taste, mouth sores and others (depression, dental or financial problems).

Conclusion

Malnutrition, the need for nutritional intervention and the presence of three or more NIS were elevated in the patients evaluated. Malnutrition was associated with the presence of NIS, indicating the need for attention and care in antineoplastic treatment.
Congenital Zika syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: Freitas Danielle A. , Souza-Santos Reinaldo , Carvalho Liege M. A. , Barros Wagner B. , Neves Luiza M. , Brasil Patrícia , Wakimoto Mayumi D.
Published: December 2020

Background

The signs and symptoms of Zika virus infection are usually mild and self-limited. However, the disease has been linked to neurological complications such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and peripheral nerve involvement, and also to abortion and fetal deaths due to vertical transmission, resulting in various congenital malformations in newborns, including microcephaly. This review aimed to describe the o signs and symptoms that characterize the congenital Zika syndrome.

Methods and findings

A systematic review was performed with a protocol and described according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. The search strategy yielded 2,048 studies. After the exclusion of duplicates and application of inclusion criteria, 46 studies were included. The main signs and symptoms associated with the congenital Zika syndrome were microcephaly, parenchymal or cerebellar calcifications, ventriculomegaly, central nervous system hypoplasia or atrophy, arthrogryposis, ocular findings in the posterior and anterior segments, abnormal visual function and low birthweight for gestational age.

Conclusions

Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause a series of changes in the growth and development of children, while impacting the healthcare system due to the severity of cases. Our findings outline the disease profile in newborns and infants and may contribute to the development and updating of more specific clinical protocols.
Bioinformatics in Mexico: A diagnostic from the academic perspective and recommendations for a public policy
Authors: Armenta-Medina Dagoberto , Díaz de León-Castañeda Christian , Valderrama-Blanco Brenda
Published: December 2020

In this work, we present a diagnostic analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of the current state of Bioinformatics in Mexico. We conducted semi-structured interviews among researchers and academics with key expertise in this field, identified by bibliometric analyses and qualitative sampling techniques. Additionally, an online survey was conducted reaching a higher number of respondents. Among the relevant findings of our study, the lack of specialized human resources and technological infrastructure stood out, along with deficiencies in the number and quality of academic programs, scarce public investment and a weak relationship between public and private institutions. However, there are great opportunities for developing a national Bioinformatics to support different economic sectors. In our opinion, this work could be useful to favor a comprehensive network among Mexican researchers, in order to lay the foundations of a national strategy towards a well designed public policy.
Olfactory response as a marker for Alzheimer’s disease: Evidence from perceptual and frontal lobe oscillation coherence deficit
Authors: Sedghizadeh Mohammad Javad , Hojjati Hadi , Ezzatdoost Kiana , Aghajan Hamid , Vahabi Zahra , Tarighatnia Heliya
Published: December 2020

High-frequency oscillations of the frontal cortex are involved in functions of the brain that fuse processed data from different sensory modules or bind them with elements stored in the memory. These oscillations also provide inhibitory connections to neural circuits that perform lower-level processes. Deficit in the performance of these oscillations has been examined as a marker for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Additionally, the neurodegenerative processes associated with AD, such as the deposition of amyloid-beta plaques, do not occur in a spatially homogeneous fashion and progress more prominently in the medial temporal lobe in the early stages of the disease. This region of the brain contains neural circuitry involved in olfactory perception. Several studies have suggested that olfactory deficit can be used as a marker for early diagnosis of AD. A quantitative assessment of the performance of the olfactory system can hence serve as a potential biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease, offering a relatively convenient and inexpensive diagnosis method. This study examines the decline in the perception of olfactory stimuli and the deficit in the performance of high-frequency frontal oscillations in response to olfactory stimulation as markers for AD. Two measurement modalities are employed for assessing the olfactory performance: 1) An interactive smell identification test is used to sample the response to a sizable variety of odorants, and 2) Electroencephalography data are collected in an olfactory perception task with a pair of selected odorants in order to assess the connectivity of frontal cortex regions. Statistical analysis methods are used to assess the significance of selected features extracted from the recorded modalities as Alzheimer’s biomarkers. Olfactory decline regressed to age in both healthy and mild AD groups are evaluated, and single- and multi-modal classifiers are also developed. The novel aspects of this study include: 1) Combining EEG response to olfactory stimulation with behavioral assessment of olfactory perception as a marker of AD, 2) Identification of odorants most significantly affected in mild AD patients, 3) Identification of odorants which are still adequately perceived by mild AD patients, 4) Analysis of the decline in the spatial coherence of different oscillatory bands in response to olfactory stimulation, and 5) Being the first study to quantitatively assess the performance of olfactory decline due to aging and AD in the Iranian population.
Metabolic risk factors and risk of Covid-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Moazzami Bahram , Chaichian Shahla , Kasaeian Amir , Djalalinia Shirin , Akhlaghdoust Meisam , Eslami Masoud , Broumand Behrooz
Published: December 2020

Objective

Based on the epidemiologic findings of Covid-19 incidence; illness and mortality seem to be associated with metabolic risk factors. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association of metabolic risk factors and risk of Covid-19.

Methods

This study was designed according to PRISMA guidelines. Two independent researchers searched for the relevant studies using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. The search terms developed focusing on two main roots of “Covid-19” and “metabolic risk factors”. All relevant observational, analytical studies, review articles, and a meta-analysis on the adult population were included in this meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was performed using the random effect model for pooling proportions to address heterogeneity among studies. Data were analyzed using STATA package version 11.2, (StataCorp, USA).

Results

Through a comprehensive systematic search in the targeted databases we found 1124 papers, after running the proses of refining, 13 studies were included in the present meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of obesity in Covid-19 patients was 29% (95% CI: 14–47%). For Diabetes and Hypertension, these were 22% (95% CI: 12% 33%) and 32% (95% CI: 12% 56%), respectively. There was significant heterogeneity in the estimates of the three pooled prevalence without any significant small-study effects. Such warning points, to some extent, guide physicians and clinicians to better understand the importance of controlling co-morbid risk factors in prioritizing resource allocation and interventions.

Conclusion

The meta-analysis showed that hypertension is more prevalent than obesity and diabetes in patients with Covid-19 disease. The prevalence of co-morbid metabolic risk factors must be adopted for better management and priority settings of public health vaccination and other required interventions. The results may help to improve services delivery in COVID-19 patients, while helping to develop better policies for prevention and response to COVID-19 and its critical outcomes.
Nitrate-rich beetroot juice offsets salivary acidity following carbohydrate ingestion before and after endurance exercise in healthy male runners
Authors: Burleigh Mia C. , Sculthorpe Nicholas , Henriquez Fiona L. , Easton Chris
Published: December 2020

There have been recent calls for strategies to improve oral health in athletes. High carbohydrate diets, exercise induced dehydration and transient perturbations to immune function combine to increase oral disease risk in this group. We tested whether a single dose of nitrate (NO3-) would offset the reduction in salivary pH following carbohydrate ingestion before and after an exercise bout designed to cause mild dehydration. Eleven trained male runners (V˙O2max 53 ± 9 ml∙kg-1∙min-1, age 30 ± 7 years) completed a randomised placebo-controlled study comprising four experimental trials. Participants ingested the following fluids one hour before each trial: (a) 140 ml of water (negative-control), (b) 140 ml of water (positive-control), (c) 140 ml of NO3- rich beetroot juice (~12.4 mmol NO3-) (NO3- trial) or (d) 140 ml NO3- depleted beetroot juice (placebo-trial). During the negative-control trial, participants ingested 795 ml of water in three equal aliquots: before, during, and after 90 min of submaximal running. In the other trials they received 795 ml of carbohydrate supplements in the same fashion. Venous blood was collected before and after the exercise bout and saliva was sampled before and repeatedly over the 20 min following carbohydrate or water ingestion. As expected, nitrite (NO2-) and NO3- were higher in plasma and saliva during the NO3- trial than all other trials (all P<0.001). Compared to the negative-control, salivary-pH was significantly reduced following the ingestion of carbohydrate in the positive-control and placebo trials (both P <0.05). Salivary-pH was similar between the negative-control and NO3- trials before and after exercise despite ingestion of carbohydrate in the NO3- trial (both P≥0.221). Ingesting NO3- attenuates the expected reduction in salivary-pH following carbohydrate supplements and exercise-induced dehydration. NO3- should be considered by athletes as a novel nutritional strategy to reduce the risk of developing acidity related oral health conditions.
Prevalence and associated factors of active trachoma among children aged 1-9 years old in mass drug administration graduated and non-graduated districts in Northwest Amhara region, Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Melkie Gashaw , Azage Muluken , Gedamu Genet
Published: December 2020

Background

Mass drug administration has implemented to reduce trachoma since 2001, however, trachoma is still the major public health problem in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. However, credible evidence on the prevalence of trachoma and its associated factors after the implementation of mass drug administration is limited.

Objective

To assess the prevalence and associated factors of active trachoma among children aged 1–9 years old in mass drug administration graduated and non-graduated districts in the Northwest Amhara Region.

Methods

A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from October to November, 2019. A stratified multistage random sampling was used to select 690 households having children aged 1–9 years. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20.0 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were employed to identify factors associated with active trachoma. Crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval were computed to assess the degree of association between the independent variables and active trachoma.

Results

The overall prevalence of active trachoma was 8.3% (95% CI: 6.2% –10.5%) and showed a significant variation between graduated [3.5% (95% CI: 1.8% –5.6%)] and non-graduated [13% (95% CI: 9.7%–16.8%)] districts. Living in graduated districts (AOR = 7.39, 95% CI: 3.19, 17.09), fly presence in the house (AOR = 3.14, 95% CI: 1.43, 6.89), presence of more than two children in the family (AOR = 3.78, 95%CI: 1.79, 7.98), did not wash face daily (AOR = 6.31, 95% CI: 1.81, 21.98), did not use soap during face washing (AOR = 3.34, 95% CI: 1.37, 8.15), presence of sleep in eyes (AOR = 3.16, 95% CI: 1.42, 7.02) and presence of dirt on child face (AOR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.08, 5.50) increased the odds of having active trachoma.

Conclusion

The prevalence of active trachoma was high in the study area and showed a significant variation between graduated and non-graduated districts with mass drug administration. Living in non-graduated districts, fly presence in the house, more than two children in a household, did not wash the face daily, did not use soap during face washing, presence of sleep in eyes, and dirt on the child’s face were the significant predictors of active trachoma. Therefore, the identified modifiable factors are the area of intervention to reduce the burden of active trachoma.
A workflow with R: Phylogenetic analyses and visualizations using mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences
Authors: Toparslan Emine , Karabag Kemal , Bilge Ugur
Published: December 2020

Phylogenetic analyses can provide a wealth of information about the past demography of a population and the level of genetic diversity within and between species. By using special computer programs developed in recent years, large amounts of data have been produced in the molecular genetics area. To analyze these data, powerful new methods based on large computations have been applied in various software packages and programs. But these programs have their own specific input and output formats, and users need to create different input formats for almost every program. R is an open source software environment, and it supports open contribution and modification to its libraries. Furthermore, it is also possible to perform several analyses using a single input file format. In this article, by using the multiple sequences FASTA format file (.fas extension) we demonstrate and share a workflow of how to extract haplotypes and perform phylogenetic analyses and visualizations in R. As an example dataset, we used 120Bombus terrestris dalmatinusmitochondrial cytochromebgene (cytb) sequences (373 bp) collected from eight different beehives in Antalya. This article presents a short guide on how to perform phylogenetic analyses using R and RStudio.
4-hexylresorcinol-induced protein expression changes in human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells as determined by immunoprecipitation high-performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Kim Yeon Sook , Kim Dae Won , Kim Seong-Gon , Lee Suk Keun
Published: December 2020

4-Hexylresorcinol (4HR) is used as a food preservative and an ingredient of toothpaste and cosmetics. The present study was performed using 233 antisera to determine the changes in protein expression induced by 4HR in human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and evaluated the 4HR-induced effects in comparison with previous results (Kim et al., 2019). Similar to RAW 264.7 cells, 4HR-treated HUVECs showed decreases in the expression of the proliferation-related proteins, cMyc/MAX/MAD network proteins, p53/RB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and they showed inactivation of DNA transcription and protein translation compared to the untreated controls. 4HR upregulated growth factors (TGF-β1, β2, β3, SMAD2/3, SMAD4, HGF-α, Met, IGF-1) and RAS signaling proteins (RAF-B, p38, p-p38, p-ERK-1, and Rab-1), and induced stronger expression of the cellular protection-, survival-, and differentiation-related proteins in HUVECs than in RAW 264.7 cells. 4HR suppressed NFkB signaling in a manner that suggests potential anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects by reducing M1 macrophage polarization and increasing M2 macrophage polarization in both cells. 4HR-treated HUVECs tended to increase the ER stress mediators by upregulating eIF2AK3, ATF4, ATF6, lysozyme, and LC3 and downregulating eIF2α and GADD153 (CHOP), resulting in PARP-1/AIF-mediated apoptosis. These results indicate that 4HR has similar effects on the protein expression of HUVECs and RAW 264.7 cells, but their protein expression levels differ according to cell types. The 4HR-treated cells showed global protein expression characteristic of anticancer and wound healing effects, which could be alleviated simultaneously by other proteins exerting opposite functions. These results suggest that although 4HR has similar effects on the global protein expression of HUVECs and RAW 264.7 cells, the 4HR-induced molecular interferences in those cells are complex enough to produce variable protein expression, leading different cell functions. Moreover, HUVECs have stronger wound healing potential to overcome the impact induced by 4HR than RAW 264.7 cells.
Emergence of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum with kelch13 C580Y mutations on the island of New Guinea
Authors: Miotto Olivo , Sekihara Makoto , Tachibana Shin-Ichiro , Yamauchi Masato , Pearson Richard D. , Amato Roberto , Gonçalves Sonia , Mehra Somya , Noviyanti Rintis , Marfurt Jutta , Auburn Sarah , Price Ric N. , Mueller Ivo , Ikeda Mie , Mori Toshiyuki , Hirai Makoto , Tavul Livingstone , Hetzel Manuel W. , Laman Moses , Barry Alyssa E. , Ringwald Pascal , Ohashi Jun , Hombhanje Francis , Kwiatkowski Dominic P. , Mita Toshihiro
Published: December 2020

The rapid and aggressive spread of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum carrying the C580Y mutation in the kelch13 gene is a growing threat to malaria elimination in Southeast Asia, but there is no evidence of their spread to other regions. We conducted cross-sectional surveys in 2016 and 2017 at two clinics in Wewak, Papua New Guinea (PNG) where we identified three infections caused by C580Y mutants among 239 genotyped clinical samples. One of these mutants exhibited the highest survival rate (6.8%) among all parasites surveyed in ring-stage survival assays (RSA) for artemisinin. Analyses of kelch13 flanking regions, and comparisons of deep sequencing data from 389 clinical samples from PNG, Indonesian Papua and Western Cambodia, suggested an independent origin of the Wewak C580Y mutation, showing that the mutants possess several distinctive genetic features. Identity by descent (IBD) showed that multiple portions of the mutants’ genomes share a common origin with parasites found in Indonesian Papua, comprising several mutations within genes previously associated with drug resistance, such as mdr1, ferredoxin, atg18 and pnp. These findings suggest that a P. falciparum lineage circulating on the island of New Guinea has gradually acquired a complex ensemble of variants, including kelch13 C580Y, which have affected the parasites’ drug sensitivity. This worrying development reinforces the need for increased surveillance of the evolving parasite populations on the island, to contain the spread of resistance.
Mineração e desastres ambientais com rejeitos de bauxita e caulim no município de Barcarena-Pará-Brasil-Amazônia
Authors: Queiroz Lemos Marcos Antonio de , Da Silva Pimentel Márcia Aparecida
Published: December 2020

O propósito deste trabalho é analisar os principais desastres ambientais ocorridos no município de Barcarena, estado do Pará, Amazônia Brasileira, ocorridos na atividade de beneficiamento de bauxita e caulim no período compreendido entre os anos de 2003 a 2018, causando degradação ambiental em corpos hídricos e nas comunidades próximas. A metodologia de pesquisa adotada para a elaboração deste artigo consistiu na revisão bibliográfica, legislação relativa à mineração e consulta a documentos oficiais de órgãos públicos como: inquéritos policiais, relatórios técnicos e laudos periciais. Foram analisados dados quantitativos e qualitativos sobre desastres ambientais registrados em nosso estado, causados pelo vazamento de rejeitos e efluentes líquidos derivados do beneficiamento desses minérios. Demonstrar-se-á, com os resultados deste estudo, que os recursos naturais, principalmente os hídricos, estão comprometidos pela mineração de bauxita e caulim, tornando-se necessária a execução de políticas públicas de gestão de riscos e desastres ambientais na Amazônia.
Relatos e impressões sobre visitas técnicas às áreas dos desastres causados por rompimento de barragens de rejeito de mineração em Mariana e Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Almeida Lutiane Queiroz de , De Oliveira Francisca Leiliane Sousa
Published: December 2020

Este artigo trata de um relato das impressões sobre as visitas técnicas realizadas pelos pesquisadores, geógrafos e membros do Grupo de Pesquisa GEORISCO-UFRN, nas áreas afetadas por desastres desencadeados por rompimento de barragens de rejeito de mineração das empresas Samarco Mineração S.A. (joint venture da VALE S.A. e da BHP Billiton), no distrito de Bento Rodrigues, município de Mariana; e da VALE S.A., no município de Brumadinho, ambos no Estado de Minas Genais - MG, no Brasil. O artigo foi elaborado com base nas experiências de campo obtidas durante as visitas técnicas às áreas dos desastres em Bento Rodrigues (Mariana) e Brumadinho. O intuito dos autores foi publicitar as experiências vividas nas visitas técnicas e contribuir para: 1. a valorização das atividades de campo na área da Geografia e ciências afins; 2. a divulgação de experiências vividas por vítimas e moradores dos municípios onde ocorreram os desastres abordados no artigo; 3. esclarecer, ainda que muito parcialmente, alguns procedimentos de logística de desastres desempenhados pelo Corpo de Bombeiros de Minas Gerais destacando sua relevância. Por fim, buscou-se com este artigo a manutenção da discussão sobre o tema “Redução de Risco de Desastres” no Brasil, em função da sua importância para a segurança humana e ambiental, e para que se ampliem tanto a produção científica quanto a discussão desse tema entre os demais atores sociais.
Comparison of photogrammetric canopy models from archived and made-to-order aerial imagery in forest inventory
Authors: Tuominen Sakari , Balazs Andras , Kangas Annika
Published: December 2020

In remote sensing-based forest inventories 3D point cloud data, such as acquired from airborne laser scanning, are well suited for estimating the volume of growing stock and stand height, but tree species recognition often requires additional optical imagery. A combination of 3D data and optical imagery can be acquired based on aerial imaging only, by using stereo photogrammetric 3D canopy modeling. The use of aerial imagery is well suited for large-area forest inventories, due to low costs, good area coverage and temporally rapid cycle of data acquisition. Stereo-photogrammetric canopy modeling can also be applied to previously acquired imagery, such as for aerial ortho-mosaic production, assuming that the imagery has sufficient stereo overlap. In this study we compared two stereo-photogrammetric canopy models combined with contemporary satellite imagery in forest inventory. One canopy model was based on standard archived imagery acquired primarily for ortho-mosaic production, and another was based on aerial imagery whose acquisition parameters were better oriented for stereo-photogrammetric canopy modeling, including higher imaging resolution and greater stereo-coverage. Aerial and satellite data were tested in the estimation of growing stock volume, volumes of main tree species, basal area and diameter and height. Despite the better quality of the latter canopy model, the difference of the accuracy of the forest estimates based on the two different data sets was relatively small for most variables (differences in RMSEs were 0â20%, depending on variable). However, the estimates based on stereo-photogrammetrically oriented aerial data retained better the original variation of the forest variables present in the study area.
Estimated seasonal daily evapotranspiration rates for a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland
Authors: Somfai Dávid , Dittrich Ernő , Salamon-Albert Éva , Dolgos-Kovács Anita
Published: December 2020

We measured the daily evapotranspiration on a horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetland in Hódmezővásárhely, Hungary. The main focus of our research was the seasonality of evapotranspiration in this CW. We measured the water balance of the CW and searched days when no precipitation, no inlet or outlet impacted on the water balance of the constructed wetland, only the evapotranspiration. had impact on the water balance. The results show that in spring the evapotranspiration rates were between 18-42,6 mm/day, in summer 12,3-42,3 mm/ day and in autumn the values were 13,6-22,7 mm/day. The highest hourly evapotranspiration was 16,3% of the daily evapotranspiration. This value was 415 % of the average, hourly hydraulic load that can significantly affects on the effluent concentration. The results also show the morning and evening condensation which has two main effects. On the other hand, the water balance of the CW is increased, which results the decrease of the concentration of wastewater.
The frequency of the two lowest energies of interaction in dipolar hard sphere systems
Authors: Nagy Sándor
Published: December 2020

This publication was inspired by the study of chaining in dipolar systems. Two adjacent particles form a chain is usually decided by energy or distance criterion. This prompted the author to investigate the frequency of interaction energy between nearby chain-forming particles in the dipolar system. So what is the frequency of the two lowest energies. Does have raison d’etre of the energy-based chaining criterion? Because if so, in the frequency chart qualitative change should have see at 70-75%, compared to the lowest possible energy. No such qualitative change was observed in the computer simulations. Monte Carlo simulations were performed at many densities and dipole moments in a dipolar hard sphere system. The simulation results were theoretically interpreted using the Boltzmann distribution The theoretical relationship was generalized to a wide range of density and dipole moments by fitting three suitable parameters. The fitting was necessary due to the compressive effect of density.
Experimental investigation of a high efficiency electric heater and dehumidifier prototype unit
Authors: Szaszák Norbert , Pozsa Ákos
Published: December 2020

In this paper the principle of operation and preliminary laboratory measurements of a prototype of a high-efficiency electrical air heater unit is presented. Unlike conventional heaters, which apply Joule-heat formed by electrical resistance, the developed device uses thermoelectric modules for heating ambient air. Just like in case of resistance heaters, most of the heat is produced as a result of the internal ohmic resistance of the thermoelectric module (resistance heating), however, in case of appropriate air conditions our device is capable of transforming the latent heat of the air moisture into heat energy. In case of condensation mode, some of the moisture condensates on the cold side of the module while its latent heat is transferred to the hot side of the module where it heats the dried air. In this mode, the heating efficiency of the device (e.g., the ratio of the heat added to air and the consumed electricity) is over unity. Following the idea and basic equations of the operation of this device, the results of the laboratory measurements in a climate test chamber is presented.
Egyenlőtlenség és gazdaság: hogyan hatnak egymásra?
Authors: Baranyai Eszter
Published: December 2020

A társadalmi egyenlőtlenség számos módon tud hatni egy ország gazdaságára, például az iskolázottságon, az egészségen, vagy a fogyasztási és megtakarítási szokásokon keresztül. Ezek a mechanizmusok sok – de nem minden – esetben az egyenlőtlenség káros hatásairamutatnak rá. A gazdaság is hatással van a társadalmi egyenlőtlenségre, a kapcsolat tehát komplex és nem egyirányú. Az összefüggés részletes adatokon alapuló megértésére elő-ször a későbbi Nobel-díjas Simon Kuznets tett kísérletet. Mindenesetre a nevéhez köthető görbét – miszerint a gazdaság növekedésével párhuzamosan először az egyenlőtlenség is növekedik, majd csak később mérséklődik – mára meghaladottnak tartják, az elmúlt évekkutatásai ugyanis többféle fejlődési pálya meglétére engednek következtetni. 2 A pénzügyi válság és az egyenlőtlenség elmúlt évtizedekben érzékelt változásai nemcsak magára az egyenlőtlenség kérdésére irányították rá a figyelmet, hanem a közgazdasági modellek ezzel kapcsolatos hiányosságaira is. A gazdaság és az egyenlőtlenség kapcsolatának vizsgálatán túl, így jelen cikk szót ejt a jövedelmi/ vagyoni eloszlás makroökonómiában betöltött szerepéről is.
Eszképizmustól az ajánlásig – Élményfokozatok és hatásai a romkocsmákban = From Escapism To Recommendation – Experience Stages and Their Impact on Guests in Ruinpubs
Authors: Kelemen-Erdős Anikó , Mitev Ariel Zoltán
Published: December 2020

Az egyedülálló hazai turisztikai kínálat, kulturális élet meghatározó jelenségei a rom- és artkocsmák. Tanulmányunk az egyedi turisztikai attrakciót egy újabb perspektívából közelíti meg. Holisztikus élménymegközelítést alkalmazva az egyénre fókuszálunk. A turisztikai élmény fontos összetevője az egyéni elkötelezettség, átélés, mely kiválthat emlékezetes élményeket, így befolyásolva a szolgáltatás további fogyasztását. Egyéni szinten az eszképizmus egyfajta aktivitást, bevonódást jelent az élmény során. Ez az átélés vezethet egy mélyebb kapcsolathoz, mely egyéni átalakulást eredményezhet. A szolgáltató részéről megfogalmazódhat a kérdés, hogy az élmény mennyiben befolyásolja a fogyasztók elégedettségét és a szolgáltatás további ajánlását. A kutatás célja az élményfokozatok: az eszképizmus, a transzformáció és az emlékezetes élmények vizsgálata egyéni szinten. További cél az élményhatások, az elégedettség és az ajánlás összefüggéseinek elemzése. Eredményeinket tematikus turisztikai attrakciók és vendéglátóegységek menedzsmentjének ajánljuk.
Egynapos desztinációk követése a közösségi médiában közvetített fényképeken keresztül – a Balaton-felvidék és a Dunakanyar elemzése és összehasonlítása = Mapping one-day trip destinations through photography uploaded on social media – analyzing and comparing the Balaton-felvidék and Dunakanyar regions
Authors: Kádár Bálint , Gede Mátyás
Published: December 2020

A tanulmány célja, hogy bemutassa két turisztikai régió – a Balaton-felvidék és a Dunakanyar – kiránduló turizmusának közösségi médiában közzétett fényképes lenyomatait, és az azokból leszűrhető statisztikailag is releváns szabadidőhasználati mintázatokat. A más módszerekkel nehezen mérhető, így eddig rejtve maradt láthatatlan turizmus feltérképezésére ajánlott elemzési módszer módot nyújt a regisztrált szálláshelyeket igénybe nem vevő, hétvégi 1-2 napos látogatások, kirándulások, illetve a saját hétvégi házakban töltött vakációk során történő turisztikai fogyasztás felmérésére is. A látogatók közösségi médiában közreadott fényképei képesek feltárni a turisztikai viselkedés legrejtettebb motivációit, illetve egy régió legkisebb léptékű desztinációit, ezáltal a keresleti oldalról mérhető teljes turisztikai térhálózatot, hiszen a digitális fényképek legtöbbje egy geotag révén már a készítés pontos helyének koordinátáit is tartalmazza. A tanulmány módszereinek segítségével kimutattuk, hogy a két régióban mekkora a budapesti látogatók valós aránya, miben térnek el a budapestiek és a nyaralótulajdonosok kirándulási szokásai a külföldiekétől, és hogy a régiók különböző településein milyen szabadidős és fotózási lehetőségeket találnak a látogatók.
Structural analysis of reinforced asphalt pavement by impregnated surface geotextile
Authors: Rezende Juliana De Paula , Pitanga Heraldo Nunes , Da Silva Taciano Oliveira , Marques Geraldo Luciano De Oliveira , Pereira Géssica Soares
Published: December 2020

A presente pesquisa contemplou a análise mecanístico-empírica de pavimentos asfálticos não reforçado e reforçado por geotêxtil superficialmente impregnado. As propriedades mecânicas determinadas em laboratório derivam dos ensaios de resistência à tração por compressão diametral (RT), módulo de resiliência (MR) e vida de fadiga (Nf). A inserção do reforço à mistura asfáltica conferiu incrementos de RT e MR, além de reduzir o risco de ruptura por fadiga. Nas análises estruturais, foram verificadas as tensões horizontais de tração e verticais de compressão no bordo inferior da camada de ligação.  A análise baseada no parâmetro de resistência mecânica estaticamente determinada (RT) evidenciou uma superioridade estrutural do sistema não reforçado comparativamente ao reforçado por geotêxtil, contrariamente à análise baseada no parâmetro de resposta estrutural dinamicamente determinada (Nf). Supõe-se que, por não traduzir a resistência mobilizada pelo concreto asfáltico sob condição de carregamento dinâmico, a análise de segurança estrutural baseada em propriedades estáticas encobre as melhorias geradas pelo reforço geossintético.
Avaliação do potencial de uso do deflectômetro de impacto leve para medidas de deflexão em pavimentos urbanos
Authors: Rodrigues Paulo Roberto , Dos Santos Adriana Goulart , Odebrecht Edgar
Published: December 2020

O objetivo principal deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial de uso do Deflectômetro de Impacto Leve (LFWD) para medir deflexões em pavimentos urbanos. Para isso, avaliaram-se medidas de deflexões aferidas pelo LFWD, viga Benkelman (VB) e o ensaio de carga com placa (PL) em pavimentos construídos com diferentes materiais, espessuras de revestimento asfáltico e idades de operação. Determinaram-se modelos de regressão linear, que relacionaram as medidas de deflexão entre o LFWD e a VB, e o PL. Os resultados mostraram que não houveram boas relações lineares em estruturas compostas por camadas de revestimento asfáltico mais espessas, como também em estruturas com revestimento asfáltico sobre paralelepípedos. Houve boa relação linear em estruturas compostas por revestimento asfáltico mais delgado. Este estudo estimula o uso de equipamentos dinâmicos de ensaios não destrutivos para medição de deformações elásticas para o projeto de manutenção e reabilitação de vias de baixo volume de tráfego.