bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calculation of Loss Amount from Southeast Bay to Southwest Bay
Authors: Yang Dongfang , Zhu Hong , Ling Weifeng , Wang Qi , Li Haixia
Published: November 2020

Applying investigation data about Pb in Jiaozhou Bay in August, 1992 and according to horizontal matter content change model and the vertical matter content change model proposed by the authors, the horizontal loss amount, vertical diluted amount and vertical sediment amount of Pb content in the surface and bottom layers from southeast bay to southwest bay are calculated. What’s more, the model diagram of vertical change and horizontal change of Pb content is designed. The calculation results show that in August in 1992, the absolutely loss amount of Pb content in the bottom layer was 11.03μg/L, and the relative loss amount of Pb content in the bottom layer was 58.42%. Meanwhile, the absolutely increase amount of Pb content in the surface layer was 4.60μg/L, and the relatively increase amount of Pb content in the surface layer was 28.93%. In the southeast bay, the relatively vertical sediment amount of Pb content in the surface and bottom layers was 40.14%, and the absolutely vertical sediment amount of Pb content in the surface and bottom layers was 7.58μg/L. Similarly, in the southwest bay, Pb content in the surface layer and bottom layer had an absolutely vertical diluted amount of 8.05μg/L with a relatively vertical diluted amount of 50.62%. In August, the main sea current carried Pb content through the surface nearshore waters around the bay where many sources of Pb content existed. The law of horizontal loss amount shows that: when Pb content migrated horizontally in the surface layer, Pb content did not lose but increased. However, when Pb content migrated horizontally in the bottom layer, a lot of Pb content was lost due to a long distance. Moreover, the law of the vertical loss amount revealed that Pb content was transported by the main sea current and was relatively high in its vertical migration process. As a result, the vertical sediment amount 40.14% of Pb content in surface and bottom layers was changed to the vertical diluted amount 50.62% of Pb content in the surface and bottom layers when the main sea current flowed from southeast bay waters to southwest bay waters.
Analysis of land carrying capacity of livestock and poultry breeding in China from the perspective of combination of planting and raising
Authors: Zhu Ning , Cao Bo , Qin Fu
Published: November 2020

The separation and imbalance of planting and raising are the key issues to be solved urgently in China’s agricultural development. In order to solve these problems, based on livestock manure nutrient supply and crop nutrient demand, this study uses the method released by the National Animal Husbandry Station to calculate and analyze the land carrying capacity of livestock and poultry breeding in China. The results indicate that, the supply of manure nitrogen from livestock and poultry was greater than that of phosphorus in 2017, there were large differences in the supply of livestock manure nitrogen and phosphorus from different livestock and poultry types and provinces, which was caused by the number of livestock and poultry in slaughtering, stock, breeding cycle, nutrient content of manure and the type in various provinces. The input of nitrogen and phosphorus in crops had exceeded the demand, which verified that it is feasible to reverse the problems of excessive fertilization and low utilization rate by reducing the amount of fertilization and replacing livestock manure with livestock manure. The index of land carrying capacity of livestock and poultry breeding in China was 0.48 and the number of livestock and poultry that could be carried was 5.921 billion pig equivalents, indicating that China’s land could absorb livestock and poultry manure. In order to promote the combination of breeding and farming and the green development of agriculture, it was proposed to carry out the action of replacing fertilizer with manure for livestock and poultry according to local conditions, formulate a reasonable breeding policy based on the carrying capacity of livestock and poultry and propose countermeasures for coordinated development of planting and breeding.
Research on the Index System of Freshwater Ecosystem Monitoring and Evaluation
Authors: Cao Zhen , Wang Zhenjie , Gao De , Liang Haijun
Published: November 2020

Freshwater ecosystem monitoring is a historical necessity for the development of water resources management. The meaning, service functions and influencing factors of the freshwater ecosystem are summarized, and the shortages of the monitoring and evaluation indicators related to the freshwater ecosystem are analyzed. In order to understand the current situation, changes and evolution trends of freshwater ecosystems, combined with the principles, theories and methods of monitoring and evaluation of freshwater ecosystems, from the different levels of species, populations, communities and ecosystems, structural indicators, functional indicators and stability indicators are proposed.
The bottom ash from municipal solid waste and sewage sludge co-pyrolysis technology: characteristics and performance in the cement mortar and concrete
Authors: Li Erping , Chen Haoyun , Huang Fenglian , Tian Shiqing , Yu Zhiyuan
Published: November 2020

To efficiently and environmentally treat the municipal solid waste (MSW), co-pyrolysis technology was further developed by adding high heat value substance of sewage sludge (SS). As the co-pyrolysis technology for MSW and SS has been popularly developed, the production of the bottom ash is constantly increased. The treatment and utilization of this part of bottom has become an urgent issue. This work investigated the basic characteristics of the co-pyrolysis bottom ash and evaluated the application possibility of the co-pyrolysis bottom ash as building materials. The co-pyrolysis bottom ash possessed high chemical contents of CaO + MgO/SiO2 + Al2O3 over 88 %. Excellent performance of comprehensive and flexural strength for cement mortar and concrete were realized with the co-pyrolysis bottom ash incorporated.
Reconstruction design of a turbine generator foundation
Authors: Li Ming , Hu Junjie , Zhou Zhiyong , Chen Mingxiang
Published: November 2020

The key to the reconstruction of turbine foundation is the dynamic performance control and the anti fatigue performance and durability of the new and old concrete interface. Based on the finite element analysis method, the natural vibration analysis of the steam turbine foundation before the reconstruction is carried out, and the calculation data of the natural vibration frequency and mode are compared with the field dynamic test data to verify the rationality of the finite element calculation model. On this basis, the natural vibration analysis and the harmonic response analysis of the reconstruction scheme are carried out, and the vibration line displacement of the key points of the disturbance force of the steam turbine foundation meets the vibration displacement control standard within the frequency range of 0 ∼ 62.5Hz. The static analysis is carried out for the transformation scheme, and the prestressed reinforcement is arranged to ensure the compression of the new and old interface; the project abandoned bonded rebars with limited service life and adopted self-locking anchors with the same life as the original structure to connect old and new concrete bonding surface. The low cycle fatigue test of self-locking bolt and concrete base material is carried out. The test results show that there is no fatigue failure, which shows that the reinforcement scheme can meet the requirements of fatigue resistance and durability.
Service quality evaluation of fresh agricultural products cold chain logistics based on principal component and neural network
Authors: Fu Mian , Wang Dandan
Published: November 2020

With the rapid development of fresh e-commerce, the cold chain logistics service quality of fresh agricultural products has attracted the attention of businesses and customers. Starting from the connotation of cold chain logistics service quality, the evaluation index system of agricultural products cold chain logistics service quality with 13 influencing factors was established. Considering that too many dimensions of input data and strong correlation among indexes will affect the training of neural network, this paper proposes to build a service quality evaluation model of cold chain logistics of fresh agricultural products by combining principal component analysis with BP neural network. Through the actual data verification of an e-commerce logistics enterprise, the evaluation accuracy rate is significantly improved, which provides an effective method for the service quality evaluation of fresh agricultural products cold chain logistics.
Study on energy flow test of electric vehicle based on four-wheel drive powertrain bench
Authors: Wei Zhang , Helin Zhang , Haotian Shi
Published: November 2020

In order to obtain the internal energy conversion, transmission and loss, namely the distribution law of energy flow, a test platform for the energy flow of electric vehicle was built. The test bench is mainly composed of four-wheel drive powertrain bench, automatic driving system, a data acquisition system, sensor measurement system, charging system. It can monitor the operation parameters of the whole electric vehicle under different working conditions. Energy flow distribution can be obtained by processing the measured operation parameters. The energy flow of an electric vehicle under CLTC condition was tested. The energy distribution and energy consumption of each component of the vehicle were obtained, which provided guidance for the optimization of each component of the electric vehicle.
Study on Precise Temperature Control Method of Hot-rolled Ribbed Bar during Cooling Process
Authors: Li Jie , He Chunyu , Zhao Xianming , Wu Zhiqiang
Published: November 2020

Aiming at the demand for performance control in the production process of hot-rolled ribbed bar, the finite difference method was used to establish a temperature prediction model during the cooling process. The calculation accuracy of the temperature model depends to a large extent on the selection of heat transfer coefficient. In this study, the industrial production data was cleaned and screened by the clustering algorithm to obtain training sample data, and based on BP neural networks, the mapping relationship between different influencing factors and heat transfer coefficient was established. According to the change of production conditions, the heat transfer coefficient is learned adaptively, which improves the prediction accuracy of the model. By comparing the predicted and actual temperature values over a period of time, the deviation between most predicted and actual values is less than 20°C, and the deviation is reduced by about 30°C compared with that before the BP network was used to study the heat transfer coefficient. Under the constraints of the target temperature and the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the section, the precise control of the cooling temperature of the hot-rolled ribbed bar is realized by the calculation of the temperature prediction model.
Optimization of Manufacturing Process and Experimental Verification of Vulnerable Part in Reactor
Authors: Bo Yang
Published: November 2020

The technical requirements of the control rod driving mechanism of the third generation PWR nuclear power plant are higher. The latch parts are designed with double tooth structure and welded on the wear-resistant surface by cobalt-based alloy surfacing. According to the structural characteristics and manufacturing process difficulties, a special welding device is developed. According to the test and finite element simulation, the related process parameters are optimized. The trial production of the parts was completed, and the parts were tested by metallography, liquid permeation test, hardness test and thermal life test. The results show that the latch parts have high hardness and wear resistance, and meet the requirements of the driving mechanism operation life of the third generation PWR nuclear power plant.
Resistance Analysis of Low Reynolds number flow in porous media
Authors: Kuncan Zheng , Chong Guan , Qiangjun Shi , Zhonggeng Yang , Zhaodong Chen
Published: November 2020

At present, some researchers believe that Darcy’s law may not be valid, which may be the root cause of complex porous media problems. Porous media flow model is generally regarded as pipe flow, but in theory, it is necessary to consider it as bypass flow. However, there are few studies in this area. According to the seepage characteristics, we established the model of flowing around a single sphere in porous media and derived the resistance correlation of Darcy velocity (Re < 1). However, the Darcy experimental data analysis shows that the predicted value of the flow around the sphere is far lower than the experimental value, which proves that the assumption of the model of flowing around a single sphere is unreasonable. Even for the seepage of the extremely low Reynolds number, the flow interference around the sphere should be taken into account. Therefore, when the interference coefficient is 45, our formulas are superior to the classical Kozeny-Carman equation and Ergun equation in the prediction of all Darcy’s experimental data and Charles Ritter’s experimental data. Ergun equation has the largest error.
Synthesis and Properties of a Debonded Polycarboxylic Acid Superplasticizer
Authors: Li Guangzhou , Xiong Qiumin , Chen Xiaobin , Guan Jican , Dang Wei
Published: November 2020

High-strength concrete has always had the problem of high viscosity which is not easy to construct, but reducing viscosity will inevitably affect the strength of concrete. In this paper, a kind of polycarboxylic acid series viscosity reducing agent JN-1 was synthesized by adjusting the synthetic raw material, which can reduce the viscosity and ensure the strength of high strength concrete for 28 days to reach or exceed 100%, Synthesis Key points are the use of acrylamide and the control side chain length.
Numerical Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Triangular Ribs with Different Inclination Angle in Rectangular Channel
Authors: Li-han Chen , Wei Peng , Yong-heng Zhang
Published: November 2020

The secondary flow in the ribbed channel is the main factor to enhance the heat transfer. In this article, FLUENT is used to study the influence of the secondary flow intensity of isosceles triangular ribs with different inclined angles on the heat transfer in the rectangular channel. Reynolds number Re=8000∼20000, the angle of inclined ribs varies from 30°to 90°, and the ratio of ribbed height to ribbed width remains unchanged, and the ratio of ribbed spacing to ribbed height is 6. The results are as follows: the Nu/Nu
0 of triangular ribs decreases with the increase of Re, and the f/f0
increases with the increase of Re. Setting ribs in the channel can produce obvious transverse secondary flow and longitudinal secondary flow. The secondary flow intensity increases with the increase of Re. With the increase of Re, the transverse and longitudinal secondary flow contribute to the heat transfer, and the longitudinal secondary flow contribute more.
Simulation and Design of Multistage Unlimited Packers in Horizontal Wells
Authors: Yang Liu , Jiang Ping , Zhang Guicai
Published: November 2020

The staged fracturing technology for horizontal wells has successfully promoted the development of unconventional oil and gas, but it faces the challenges of rapid production decline in oil and gas wells. Studies on the multistage unlimited fracturing technology, that is, the existing fracturing tools are redesigned, the fully bored wellbore can be modified, any number of stages can be designed, and the technical advantages such as maximizing reservoir reconstruction can be achieved. The conventional packers cannot achieve the multistage unlimited fracturing, the packers are redesigned in this study. Through the Solid works software, the single use pin is transformed into a one-way internal tooth and a locking mechanism of the card board. The structure can be hydraulically applied to the piston, and the piston drives the internal teeth of the sealing sleeve to perform locking and adduction, so as to achieve repeated setting and unsealing of the packer. By means of ANSYS software and finite element calculation method, it is verified that the designed packer meets the third strength theory and safety requirements.
Accurate Traceability of Key Auto Parts in China Automobile Factory
Authors: Zhou Maoxiang , Zhang Ting , Zhao Mingnan
Published: November 2020

Based on barcode specification and quality error prevention, the manufacturing plant controls traceability information of logistics distribution, automobile assembly and quality inspection, and realizes accurate traceability of key parts of the vehicle. This thesis discusses how to realize the KPC of key parts and the quality traceability of production and assembly process when quality defects occur in a company.
Optimization on the Topological Coupling-Throttling Structures for Directional Valves
Authors: Zhang Xiaolu , Wang Anlin , Chen Yuanliu , Jiang Tao
Published: November 2020

As for the coupling-throttling effect of multiple grooves and notches on directional spool valves in the process of reversing, A parameterized mathematic model of the coupling-throttling effect for directional valves is proposed in this paper, which uses three basic throttling topological structures (O-shaped, U-shaped and C-shaped) to consist the topological variable space. Specifically, firstly, a bench test was carried out to verify the validation of 3D CFD simulation of the directional valve (on flow and pressure characteristics), which shows a consistent result. Then, on the premise of above, a parametric model of the coupling-throttling effect of multiple grooves and notches on directional valves is established, which accuracy is also proved with CFD simulation; under the constraints of limited topological variables, a topological structure of the coupling grooves and notches is optimized. It can be found from the test results that, the proportional characteristics of the working port is obviously improved, indicating that the parameterized mathematic expression of the coupling-throttling effect can be referred to for the design of such coupling structures.
Preliminary study on rapid screening technology of small non-ferrous metal residues in explosive devices
Authors: Ao Gao , Jifeng Zhang , Wei Gao , Yuyou Sun , Liantie Wang , Yanhui Pan
Published: November 2020

The remnants of explosive devices contain copper, aluminium, tin and other non-ferrous metals, which often play a key role in the detection of explosive cases. Therefore, compared with the remnants of explosive devices made of plastic and other materials, the discovery and extraction of non-ferrous metals remains is particularly important in the field investigation of explosive cases, especially the small non-ferrous metal remains that are difficult to be found by the naked eyes. It is necessary to study new techniques and methods for the discovery and extraction of residues. In this study, the automatic screening technology of small non-ferrous metal residues in explosive devices is analysed. Through the comparative analysis of various separation and extraction technologies, it is believed that electromagnetic separation technology is expected to be used in the rapid screening of small non-ferrous metal residues in explosive devices.
Experimental study on characteristics of consolidation of sludge
Authors: Hong Siyuan , Chen Yao , Chen Xiaojun , Dai Wenan , Li Lei
Published: November 2020

Sludge dewatering has become an important issue in the sewage treatment industry. The essence of mechanical dewatering is the consolidation and drainage of sludge. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the consolidation characteristics of sludge to improve the dehydration efficiency. Consolidation tests were carried out on the sludge treated with FeCl3 and Fenton reagent, and the consolidation and permeability characteristics of the treated sludge were studied. The sludge shows ultra-high compressibility. The consolidation coefficient of the untreated sludge is 10−7∼10−6cm2/s. After adding 15% FeCl3 (relative to sludge dry weight), the consolidation coefficient of the sludge increased by 5∼8 times, and reached 10−6∼10−5cm2/s after Fenton reaction treatment. The untreated sludge has obvious time deformation characteristics.
Time-domain solution of Cole-Cole model with induced polarization method
Authors: Liu Ruize , Meng Qingxin
Published: November 2020

The spectral parameters of the Cole-Cole model can be used to distinguish the IP anomalies of different geological bodies. However, the frequency domain IP requires a lot of observation data and its efficiency in field work is low. In view of this reality which is very common to use the data of the time-domain IP. It is necessary to study the law of the time-domain solution of Cole-Cole model with induced polarization method. First of all, this paper transforms the complex resistivity in the frequency domain into the time-varying resistivity in the time domain through the inverse Laplace transform, then by changing different Cole-Cole parameters in the time domain so that we can observe the changing law of time-varying resistivity time-spectrum characteristics caused by different parameters.
Analysis on the development of ancient glass technology in the Central Plains of China in the pre Qin Period
Authors: Guo Yakun , Wu Tong
Published: November 2020

Glass is a “solid that cooled down after melting to maintain liquid structure”, commonly known as “supercooled liquid”. It belongs to amorphous amorphous material, which is different from gem, ceramics and other crystalline materials. Based on the analysis of the chemical composition data of PIXE, this paper studies the archaeological unearthed objects of different periods in the Central Plains area of pre Qin Dynasty, and compares them with the sample data of Western Asia and Egypt to analyze the development and origin of ancient glass technology in the Central Plains. The results show that the ancient glass in the Central Plains area of pre Qin China sprouted in the Shang Dynasty, based on the faience and frit in the spring and Autumn period of the Western Zhou Dynasty, really appeared at the end of the spring and Autumn period. According to the different auxiliary solvents, it can be divided into three categories: early alkali calcium silicate glass, lead barium glass and potassium silicate Asia, ancient Egypt and their influence on the development of ancient glass technology in the Central Plains during the pre Qin period. According to the different cosolvents, it can be divided into early alkali-calcium silicate glass and lead barium glass. The three categories of potassium silicate and potassium silicate demonstrate the original system and characteristics of ancient glass in the pre-Qin period, and analyze the influence of ancient West Asia, ancient Egypt and the development of ancient glass technology in the Central Plains in the pre-Qin period from the perspective of cultural exchanges between China and the West.
Developing activities of green design, green purchasing, and green transportation as the part of green supply chain management in construction sector
Authors: Setyaning L B , Wiguna I P A , Rachmawati F
Published: November 2020

Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) is a concept that integrates environmental factors into the traditional SCM started from the process of design, material procurement, production, distribution and end-of life. The benefits of implementing GSCM does not only improve the company’s environmental performance, but also improve economic performance such as reducing operational costs and organizational performance such as improving the company’s image. In manufacture and automotive industry, GSCM is able to improve company performance, therefore construction industry can consider of adopting this approach. Some GSCM practices in construction sector include green design, green purchasing, green transportation, green construction, green warehousing, green recycling and facilitating green practices. The aim of this study is to identify relevant green design, green purchasing and green transportation practices as part of GSCM if applied in the construction sector. The research variables were obtained through a literature study on GSCM both in construction sector and other sectors, then the variables were validated by respondents, practitioners in construction sector. Based on three respondents, there are ten green design practices, six green purchasing practices and five green transportation practices that are relevant to the construction sector, especially building projects.
Risks of Public Procurement for Construction Works
Authors: Dita A O F , Rohman M A , Nurcahyo C B
Published: November 2020

Conducting a public procurement process is prone to conflict if it deviates from procurement principles. Based on Presidential Regulation number 16 of 2018, the public procurement principles are efficient, effective, transparent, open, competitive, fair, and accountable. Problems in public procurement process may occur at every stage, starting from identifying procurement needs to delivering the results of the completed work. Many problems are likely to occur if risk identification is not implemented at public procurement process. If the risk is not identified early, it will be a potentially significant budget loss of government’s construction projects. This paper is an initial research to discover the risk variables in the public procurement process. The purpose of this study is to identify risks that may arise in the process of public procurement. Research variables in this study were obtained from related literature studies. The data in this study were acquired from questionnaires and interviews with several parties related with the public procurement. Mean and Standard Deviation (SD) were employed to assess the relevant variables from questionnaires. According to the experts’ opinion, there were 13 variables in the Planning and Preparation Stages and 9 variables in the Implementation Stage.
Work breakdown structure (WBS) dictionary and checklist development of stadium architectural and interior works for safety planning
Authors: Amin J T , Sagita L , Latief Y
Published: November 2020

Nowadays, architectural and interior works in stadium construction have become the most critical elements. The stadium is required not only to have excellent sports facilities but also to have a high-level architecture and interior. Therefore, the works need to be more managed and planned so that the stadium project can run better and more effectively. The project planning phase has a crucial role which is when the project plans are documented, the project deliverables and requirements are defined, and subsequently, the project schedule is created, which means the development of Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) and its associated WBS dictionary with the checklist is undoubtedly imperative. The development is defining and breaking down the work into smaller components, which finally become such a project implementation reference in order to minimize the errors and ensure the project’s implementation can be in accordance with the plan. The results of this study describe the details of the development of WBS dictionary and checklist of architectural and interior work in stadium construction for safety planning that includes six (6) levels such as project name, division, sub of work, work package, activity, and resource and other information related.
Development of dictionary and checklist based on Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) at seaport project construction for cost estimation planning
Authors: Ilmi A A , Supriadi L S R , Latief Y , Muslim F
Published: November 2020

A construction project consists of many activities. To be more easily managed, activities are divided into smaller called work packages. The elements of construction project work are relatively similar, and these can be standardized and used as a basis for a universal program for construction project. The WBS standards can be developed into a dictionary and checklist that will help the project planning process and is expected to minimize the occurrence of cost management errors on the project. The purpose of this research is to develop a dictionary and checklist standard based on Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) for planning cost estimates for seaport project construction, identifying sources that can potentially have an impact on a project’s cost overrun. This research method uses a survey method to seaport expert’s validation and interviews using questionnaires to find the WBS-based dictionary and checklist standards. This research is expected to be a standard reference dictionary and checklist based on Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) at seaport construction projects for cost estimation planning. The importance of this research to knowledge is to know the steps of construction work especially at seaport project and to know WBS dictionary and checklist as a format that can be used as a reference base and easy-to-understand guide for seaport project, which provide work methods, activities, and resources.
Critical factors that influence the success of construction projects procurement in Surabaya
Authors: Safitri F A , Rohman M A , Indryani R
Published: November 2020

Construction procurement for public infrastructure projects is important with regard to the national development to fulfil infrastructure needs. As public construction works uses the public budget, its procurement process should be conducted appropriately. Proper procurement process will result the best contractors and consultants. This paper aims to analyze the factors that influence the procurement success of the public construction project in Surabaya. The right procurement process will produce good service providers. There has been a lot of research related to procurement, but only a few have focused on the determinants of construction procurement. Therefore, research is needed related to the critical success factors of construction procurement by reviewing presidential regulation number 16 of 2018. This study attempts to identify factors determining the success of construction procurement based on a literature review and applicable presidential regulations. The preliminary survey was carried out by involving several experts who assessed the variables obtained from the results of related literature studies.
A method to develop performance indicators based on performance criteria of Indonesian National Occupational Competency Standards (SKKNI) for construction safety technician competency
Authors: Okviana A , Latief Y
Published: November 2020

In the Indonesian National Occupational Competency Standards (SKKNI), performance indicators are not described in detail, where performance indicators are important measures for assessing performance achievements. Due to this gap, the researchers intend to propose a method to develop performance indicators based on performance criteria of the Indonesian National Occupational Competency Standards (SKKNI) for the Construction Safety Technician positions. The competency unit to be developed for its performance indicators was the Competency Unit “Hazard Identification and Risk Control”. The researchers propose a method to develop the performance indicators based on the performance criteria of Indonesian National Occupational Competency Standards (SKKNI) for Construction Safety Technician competency. The method was based on competency levels in Bloom’s taxonomy theory which was combined with a functional analysis theory. This method resulted in performance indicators for each performance criterion in three competency domains. By testing the performance indicators Construction Safety Professional and Human Resource Management Professional and also conforming to expert judgments, the results of compiled performance indicators are able to assess any performance achievements of each performance criterion.
4D BIM implementation to improve EPC project performance from contractor’s perspective. A case study
Authors: Piselia M
Published: November 2020

The most significant benefits of 4D BIM are better visualization of construction work, better communication between project teams and improving project time and cost performance. 4D BIM allows stakeholders to visualize construction activities during project duration and identify potential spatial conflicts and schedule conflicts. Although researches related to 4D BIM has proven the benefits of 4D modeling in construction projects, these benefits are still questionable for EPC projects, whether it can compensate the initial costs and efforts to create the model. The implementation strategies across EPC project lifecycle also become fundamental issue. Through literature studies and structured interviews, this research identifies resource requirements, implementation strategies and the benefits of 4D BIM in improving EPC project performance.
Implementation strategy of total quality management and quality culture to increase the competitiveness of contractor companies in Indonesia
Authors: Pinandhita G , Latief Y
Published: November 2020

When compared to the manufacture industry, the construction industry is being a concern because of their poor quality produced. For this reason, many contractor companies adopted and implemented management strategies to improve their product quality. One of management strategy approaches used is Total Quality Management (TQM). Implementation of TQM requires a fundamental change by changing the culture, processes, strategies, and beliefs in a company. This quality orientation is the key to fulfill customer satisfaction and business practices. Quality Culture is a part of organizational culture related to habits, beliefs, values, morals, and behavior to improve quality of the product. In Indonesia, contractor companies are generally weak in many ways. This will cause contractor company in Indonesia have great difficulties to be competitive with foreign contractors. This increasing global competition makes contractor companies in Indonesia have to adopt TQM and Quality Culture as one of the strategies to always make improvements continuously so as to provide competitive advantage and increase company performance. For Indonesian contractor companies to compete with foreign contractors, the alternative strategy is needed. Framework of the alternative strategy is the result of the implementation of TQM and Quality Culture, because they can be seen as a strategy that improves economic conditions and helps companies achieve competitive advantage.
Research on real estate investment trust (REIT) as real estate financing for developers: a methodology review of previous study
Authors: Sari A F , Utomo C , Rahmawati Y
Published: November 2020

Project financing commonly found in Indonesia is conventional project financing, namely financing with own capital and long-term loans with a certain composition. The use of conventional financing often produces an un-optimal and unprofitable cost of capital. Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) is one of alternative financing that can be applied in global property projects, but the use of this strategy is needed to be further analyzed to be used as a project financing option in Surabaya. The developer companies tend to agree with the development of REIT in Surabaya and also the benefits obtained from the implementation of REIT. However, they are still having doubts about implementing it. The purpose of this study is to examine using REIT as a method of real estate financing for developers. This research is focused on finding the consequences of using REIT from the developer side. Therefore, the literature review method will be carried out.
The effect of parsial granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) substitution and ashes of the boiler crust of the palm oil shells on paving block
Authors: Yuhanah T , Hidayawanti R , Mayasari D , Wicaksono B
Published: November 2020

Paving block is a building material made of cement, water, and fine aggregate used as an alternative cover or hardening for land surface. It is commonly used for various purposes such as, sidewalks, parking lots, and road pavement. The increasing demand of cement-forming materials is due to the rise in the number of cement users, therefore, an environmentally friendly material is needed to be produced from industrial waste. Generally, Indonesia has extensive oil palm plantations, as a result, excess wastes are produced from the burning of oil palm shells namely, boiler scale ash (contains silica oxides (SiO2), pozzolan, and other compounds present in cement). Smelting and metal refining industries produce wastes from Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS), which contains silica oxide as their major chemical composition. Therefore, this study aims to determine the compressive strength and the water absorbing capacity of paving blocks using 10% of Palm Boiler Crust Ash as a substitute for fine aggregate/sand, and the percentage variations of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS) waste as a cement replacement material. The results showed that the paving block variation V2 had the highest compressive strength (22.83 MPa), while the highest water absorption (5.45%) was found in variation V1, which was higher than the normal paving block (2.39%).
Updating the slope-movement data on the Batu-Kediri road network using digital information
Authors: Wahyudianto E
Published: November 2020

Updating the landslide data or slope movement on the road is needed for the safety of traffic movements. Landslide events on the road must be compiled to measure their characteristics, including the causes thereof. In identifying and assessing landslide events, detailed data related to trigger parameters, time of occurrence, impact, or material loss are absolutely necessary. The utilization of digital media ultimately provides very useful disaster data. However, these data sources have different levels of information depth. To obtain sufficient data to analyze landslides, the data must be sorted according to the depth classification of information. The classification is based on landslide coordinates, impacts on traffic movement, time of occurrence, fatalities, triggers, information providers, and types of landslide material. By utilizing the digital media, updating the record of landslides between 2008-2020 resulted in landslide density values as follows: Batu Municipal 9.93 (n/km), Pujon 3.44 (n/km), Kasembon 1.46 (n/km) and Ngantang (0.91 n/km).
Preliminary 3D numerical pushover analysis of laterally loaded pile groups
Authors: Yuwono A , Prakoso W A , Lase Y
Published: November 2020

This paper reports the results of 3D numerical pushover analyses of laterally loaded pile groups. The effects of pile structural models, soil strengths, and foundations systems are evaluated. Single piles, single pile groups, and multi pile groups are considered in the analyses. The main objective of this paper is to examine important parameters to be considered further. The findings include the overestimation of pile-soil interactions (lower efficiency factors), as well as the highly complex pile internal forces warranting a further examination in the context of high seismic demands in Indonesia.
The comparison of empirical and finite element methods to evaluate soil foundation capacities for coastal dike
Authors: Suyuti  , Misbah Zulkarnain K. , Ardhana Zhafirah M.
Published: November 2020

There are over 6,300km of coastlines in the North Maluku province of Indonesia due to tidal waves which originate from the pacific ocean. The waves deposit finely loosed materials and light soil formations on coastlines, therefore causing abrasion. A common example occurred in Toseho, Tidore, and Archipelago districts. Moreover, the local residence has been faced with this challenge for up to thirty years. For this reason, deliberations to construct a dike became significant, although, the soil properties are vulnerable. This reasearch, therefore, compares the empirical calculation to the finite element method (FEM) to ascertain soil foundation capacities. The results showed the safety factor, Fs, for dike height, Hd, of 3.5 m and width bottom, B1, of 12.5m appeared below 2.0 for soil friction φs of 10∼ 15°, while estimates above 2.0 depicts soil friction φs of 20°. Furthermore, the soil stresses beneath the dike were determined empirically at qmax of 5.97 t/m2 and σs of 4.57 t/m2, while FEM evaluated the deformation elastic at 12.5 cm.
Circular lining behaviour due to earthquake load in MRT Jakarta underground tunnel area CP-106
Authors: Muhammad F , Prakoso W A
Published: November 2020

One solution to traffic congestion in Jakarta is to build a mass transportation system in the form of Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), especially the application of underground tunnel structures. This study examines the modeling of tunnel behavior on the effect of earthquake loads. This study calculates circular tunnel behavior in static and dynamic conditions due to earthquake effects. Static condition analysis using Muir Wood’s theory and dynamic conditions using the theories of Wang (1993) and Panzien (2000) as well as supported by empiric and numeric calculations. The depth of the MRT tunnel in the CP-106 area is at a depth of 11 meters by diverting by clay with NSPT 3-20. The results show that in static condition has tunnel deformation that works at 8.06 mm in empiric and 15.12 mm in numeric. In the dynamic analysis with earthquake acceleration in 300 cm/s2 produces oval deformation at 15.95 mm in empiric and 15.20 mm in numeric. The maximum deformation limit given is 20 mm with a maximum earthquake acceleration value of 400 cm/s2. In conclusion, MRT Jakarta area CP-106 in static condition has a lower deformation than dynamic conditions, but both conditions fulfill the deformation tunnel requirements.
The effect of skirt footings for road settlement on peat soil
Authors: Gautama D A W , Supanji B S , Rahayu W
Published: November 2020

The construction of peat soils is a big challenge in the construction world coupled with the very special nature of peat soil. Road construction on peat soil is a major obstacle because the deformation that occurs on the road is so large. Skirt footings are one of the shallow foundations commonly used for building offshore oil refineries. With the principle of making soil that has a low bearing capacity into a single unit to be able to withstand the burden on it. Skirt footings are placed under the embankment with a parallel position stretching to the width of the road plan. Among the skirt, footings are connected with steel straps so that during the loading process the skirt footings decrease can be controlled. The purpose of this research is to make skirt footings a shallow foundation under a road built on peat soil. Tests were also carried out on two models of shallow foundation to determine the effect produced by skirt footings on the soil. The other two types of shallow foundation models are un-skirted footings and mini piles. Comparison of the results of tests between skirt footings with un-skirted footings, it can be concluded that skirts under circular footings act as a buffer against the effective stress of the soil. While from the comparison of test results between skirt footings with mini piles, it can be concluded that circular footings play a role in reducing the effect of the differential settlement on the soil. The results of this study are that skirt footing can withstand differential settlement patterns and able to increase road stability.
Structural behavior of open truss FRP bridge without side support
Authors: Sidik I , Irawan R
Published: November 2020

Lightweight makes the advantage of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) as one of the choices of truss bridge without side support materials. The simple shape of the structure and bridge connection system is believed to be the reason the bridge with this type of structure can use in emergencies that require rapid mobilization and installation. However, with the limited choice of FRP structural element profiles available, combined profile preparation was carried out in the structure to be used as a truss bridge structure profile. This paper describes the structural response identification of the use of a combined profile as seen from static and dynamic load testing of a full-scale bridge structure with a 16-meter span that planned to use as a pedestrian and light vehicle bridge. The load is applied in stages to be able to observe changes in the response of the structure and connection system. The results show that the bridge without side support has a load-bearing capacity that is strongly influenced by the stability of the compressive members and connection systems, which is very visible in the dynamic characteristics of the bridge in the lateral direction which is quite far when compared with the tests in other references.
Influence of link spacing on concrete shear capacity: experimental investigations and finite element studies
Authors: Don W , Chong K , Aitken M , Tambusay A , Suryanto B , Suprobo P
Published: November 2020

This paper investigates the influence of varying the spacing of shear reinforcement on the response of six geometrically identical reinforced concrete beams. Each beam was designed with differing longitudinal and transverse reinforcement configurations to provide improved understanding of the importance of providing sufficient shear reinforcement following guidance provided in Eurocode 2. Three different cases of varying transverse reinforcements were tested: one without the presence of shear reinforcement, one with shear reinforcement non-compliant to the design provisions and one where the design of the beams fully complies with the design guidance. In order to verify the experimental results, an open source digital image correlation software was utilised to allow for a computational crack mapping, along with the use of nonlinear finite element analysis software to enable a more thorough investigation of the individual beam response. The results obtained highlighted that shear links non-compliant to Eurocode 2 consequently led to unpredictable modes of failure, whereas beams containing shear links at the required amount and spacings displayed significant improvements in the mode of failure and ductility. Beams with the omittance of shear links resulted in the lowest load capacity, due to the sudden, brittle shear failure.
Nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete beam-column joints under reversed cyclic loading
Authors: Tambusay A , Suryanto B , Suprobo P
Published: November 2020

This paper presents the application of three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis in studying the complex behaviour of reinforced concrete beam-column joints under reversed cyclic loading. Three different joint types were considered: an interior, an exterior, and a corner joint, each representing typical joint configurations in general moment resisting frame structures. These joints’ test data were taken from the experimental investigations carried out by Shiohara and Kusuhara about 15 years ago and used here to showcase the practical application and value of an advanced numerical modelling. It is shown that the numerical models are able to accurately capture the full cyclic hysteretic response, progressive strength and stiffness degradation, cracking and damage evolution under load cycles, and failure mode. It is also shown that the numerical models provide a useful tool to characterise failure processes and behavioural mechanisms.