bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstracts from the Society for Acute Medicine Spring Meeting
Authors: McNeill G , Jenkins P , Simmonds MJR , Bewick T , Chikhani M , Meyer Joel , Hutchinson A ,   Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham
Published: June 2021

Cedar Court Hotel, Halifax ‘Free Paper Session’ 27 April 2007
Acute Symptomatic Hyponatraemia – A Practical Approach
Authors:   Liver Unit, Transplant Department, St James University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospital’s NHS Trust, Fox MA , Fox JA ,   Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Royal Bolton Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
Published: June 2021

Hyponatraemia is the commonest electrolyte abnormality yet is poorly understood. Symptoms are dependent on the rate of onset and severity. The presence of features suggestive of neurological dysfunction should be regarded as a medical emergency and treated actively. The risk of not treating outweighs that of over aggressive management. This article concentrates on the immediate management of the patient presenting acutely with severe symptomatic hyponatraemia, and is illustrated by a case recently presenting to our department. The patient who is incidentally found to be hyponatraemic in the context of another presenting illness, or presenting with more minor, non-specific symptoms presents different challenges to the admitting clinician, which will be dealt with in a future edition of the journal.
Boerhaave’s Syndrome: A Review of the Initial Management with Illustrative Case History
Authors:   Geriatric and General Internal Medicine, Kings Mill Hospital, Ping Ng Khai , Brauer Sue ,   Radiology, Kings Mill Hospital, Snape J ,   Geriatric and General Internal Medicine, Kings Mill Hospital
Published: June 2021

Boerhaave’s syndrome is a rare condition on the acute medical ‘take’ but has a high mortality and significant morbidity if not diagnosed early. This article reviews the approach to management at the ‘front door’, summarising the initial investigations and treatment. A recent case presenting to our unit is included at the end of the review to illustrate some of the issues raised.
Trainees Update
Authors:   Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, Skene Hannah
Published: June 2021

It has certainly been a huge year of change for all of us in training posts, and in acute medicine particularly. There are now trainees in Acute Care Common Stem (ACCS) and Core Medical Training (CMT) programmes as well as new posts at ST3 level and above. Across the UK we have doubled the number of specialty trainees in Acute Medicine, and the specialty is in a very strong position.
Haematological Emergencies on the Acute Medical Take
Authors:   Prince Charles Hospital North Glamorgan NHS Trust Merthyr Tydfil CF47 9DT, Mahmood Muhammad Muzaffar , Myers (Senior) Keith ,   rince Charles Hospital North Glamorgan NHS Trust Merthyr Tydfil CF47 9DT, Alfitori Gamal ,   Scarborough General Hospital Woodlands Drive, Scarborough YO12 6QL
Published: June 2021

As haematological emergencies are uncommon in daily clinical practice, enhanced awareness and high index of suspicion is required to ensure that the potentially lifesaving measures are offered. This article discusses some of the haematological conditions which may present on the acute medical take.
Fatal intra-hepatic haemorrhage presenting with cardiac-type chest pain and anaemia
Authors:   Department of Medicine for the Elderly Luton and Dunstable Hospital Lewsey Road Luton LU4 0DZ, Sekaran Lakshmanan , Ho John ,   Frenchay Hospital, Frenchay Park Rd, Bristol BS16 1LE
Published: June 2021

A 79-year-old woman presented to the accident and emergency department with a short history of central chest pain radiating to the arm and epigastrum, associated with vomiting. There was no history of haematemesis and no recent change of bowel habit or melaena. She had a myocardial infarction 4 months previously and had a metal prosthetic mitral valve replacement for which she was anticoagulated with warfarin, maintaining an INR between 2.5– 3.5. On examination she appeared pale, but there were no other abnormal findings; the liver was not enlarged or tender.
Recurrent ‘Lactic’ Acidosis-a Cautionary Tale
Authors:   Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Kar Partha , Walker V ,   Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton, Sharp Patrick ,   Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton
Published: June 2021

Lactic acidosis can be caused by a variety of pathological conditions. We present a case of recurrent ‘lactic’ acidosis, which was eventually diagnosed to be secondary to ethylene glycol poisoning. Though there are a handful of cases reported in the literature, it is not widely known that glycolic acid (a metabolite of ethylene glycol) is measured spuriously as lactic acid by some point of care analysers. Literature review would indicate that this is a rare but potentially confounding factor in diagnosis. Given the nature of the pathology, we would suggest that greater awareness of the problem is important.
Picture Quiz: A case of mediastinal shift
Authors:   Respiratory Medicine Castle Hill Hospital Castle Road Cottingham Yorkshire HU16 5JQ, Fahim Ahmed
Published: June 2021

An 86 year old woman with a background of hypertension and arthritis presented to our medical assessment unit with 3 weeks history of mild dyspnoea and central chest discomfort. She did not have any past history of respiratory problems. She denied any cough, hemoptysis or weight loss. There was no significant family history. She was a life long non smoker and used to drink alcohol occasionally. She was taking enalapril 5 mg and amlodipine 5 mg daily. She was living alone and was independent and self caring.
Editorial
Authors:   Southampton Foundation Trust Tremona Road, Roseveare Chris
Published: June 2021

Infection control and antibiotic prescribing have been high on the list of priorities for clinicians working in acute medicine over recent years. Concerns about antibiotic resistance have encouraged many hospital-based and speciality society guidelines to take a broad spectrum approach to the septic patient. However, this approach risks exacerbating the problems of resistance and increasing the incidence of Clostridium Diffi cile diarrhoea, particularly amongst our elderly patients. Finding the appropriate balance is a key priority for physicians working at the hospital’s ‘front door’. Three of our review articles highlight some of the issues involved in this area. In an extensively researched review, Lille and Barlow provide a microbiological perspective on the topic of antibiotic resistance. Their approach suggests a mechanism for risk assessment in relation to the likelihood of antibiotic resistance, while the results of cultures are awaited. Although most hospitals have their own specifi c prescribing guidelines, the algorithms in this article should provide a useful reference guide. Two other reviews deal specifi cally with issues around management of acute respiratory illness. Distinction between community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and exacerbation of COPD remains a signifi cant area of confusion in relation to antibiotic prescribing. Inappropriate use of CAP severity scoring for patients with COPD frequently leads to over-use of intravenous antibiotics, for a condition which is often non-infective in origin. The medical complications of cocaine use are not as common a cause of hospital admission as pneumonia or COPD. However, the increasing recreational use of this drug, highlighted in the review by Irvine and Penston, requires that acute physicians are familiar with its consequences and their treatment. Cardiac-type chest pain and arrhythmias are the most likely complications to present on the acute medical take, but pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum are also well recognised. Consideration of cocaine as a cause for ST segment elevation is important, given that thrombolysis is generally contraindicated; pressure to administer thrombolytic drugs within 30 minutes for patients with STEMI requires that the appropriate questions are asked at the time of admission. Issues around acute medicine training and the interface with emergency medicine continue to cause controversy. In an article submitted in response to a Viewpoint article published last year, Gallitelli and colleagues imply that the approach in Italy is progressing towards the development of combined training in acute and emergency medicine. Although the development of Acute Care Common Stem rotations in the UK may suggest a step in a similar direction, there remains a need to fi nd ways in which specialist trainees in both areas can work more closely together to attain necessary competencies in management of acutely unwell adults.
A Severe Rash (Questions)
Authors:   Royal Bolton Hospital NHS Trust, Bolton, Bonny S , Jagirdar N ,   Royal Bolton Hospital NHS Trust, Bolton, Khan S ,   Royal Bolton Hospital NHS Trust, Bolton, Bene J ,   Royal Bolton Hospital NHS Trust, Bolton
Published: June 2021

A fifty-one-year-old man with history of treated hypertension and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis presented to hospital with a three day history of a rash affecting the whole body and general malaise. He had been commenced on sulfasalazine 2 weeks ago to control his rheumatoid arthritis, which the patient had discontinued taking three days prior to admission. On examination, he was comfortable with a temperature of 39oC and a widespread erythematous maculopapular rash. Investigations revealed a normal FBC, UEs, LFTs but high inflammatory markers with a CRP 125.9 and ESR 52. One day later the patient developed odynophagia and blisters on his lips and mouth shown in the picture below (Figure 1 and 2).
Managing Pleural Disease in Acute Medicine (II): Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Authors:   Department of Respiratory Medicine, James Cook University Hospital, Marton Road, Middlesbrough, Lone Nazir I , Antunes George ,   Department of Respiratory Medicine, James Cook University Hospital, Marton Road, Middlesbrough
Published: June 2021

Spontaneous pneumothoraces occur in individuals who have not experienced antecedent thoracic trauma. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax occurs in otherwise healthy individuals with no clinically apparent lung disease, whereas secondary pneumothorax is a consequence of an underlying lung disease. This review focuses on their management in the acute medical setting. The specific issues of simple aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage, who can be discharged home safely, and when to refer to a respiratory physician are addressed. In addition, recent developments in the management of pneumothorax are presented.
The ACUMEN project
Authors:   Acute Medicine, Forth Valley Royal Hospital, Larbert, Scotland, Beckett Dan , Gordon Claire , Jones Matthew ,   Greater Manchester Neurosciences Centre, Salford Royal Foundation Trust
Published: June 2021

E-learning for healthcare (e-LfH) is a collaborative programme between the Department of Health, the NHS and various professional bodies. It provides high quality, interactive education for healthcare workers, and has been described as ‘The most positive development in medical education in 20 years’ by the Chief Medical Officer, Sir Liam Donaldson. Indeed e-LfH have recently been awarded the elearning age 2007 Gold award for ‘Excellence in the production of e-learning content’.
Acute Intermittent Porphyria: Some Diagnoses are Only Made If Thought of
Authors:   Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Royal Blackburn Hospital, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Fox J A , Fox M A ,   Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, The Royal Liverpool University Hospital, The Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Westwood R L ,   Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Royal Blackburn Hospital, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Roberts N A ,   Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Royal Blackburn Hospital, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust
Published: June 2021

A 20-year-old Asian, female, student nurse of thin body habitus (Body Mass Index 16.5) but otherwise previously well had numerous admissions to our centre under a variety of surgical sub-specialities over a 5-month period. Each month, coinciding with menses, she complained of non-specific abdominal discomfort in the absence of any other symptoms. With the exception of the presence of a sinus tachycardia coupled with incidental hyponatraemia full physical examinations and routine baseline investigations were unremarkable…
Picture Quiz: A Case of Acute Hepatitis
Authors:   Salford Royal Foundation NHS Trust, Komrower Daniel , Warner Richard ,   Salford Royal Foundation NHS Trust, Price Victoria ,   Acute Medicine, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital
Published: June 2021

A 19 year old male with no previous medical history presented to hospital with an eight day history of jaundice and general malaise. He was homosexual with a history of unprotected sex with multiple partners over the last two years. He drank heavily in binge sessions and occasionally recreational drug use, cocaine and ecstasy but he had never injected. There was no history of recent travel. He had never had a previous HIV test or Sexual Transmitted Infection screen.
Management of Non-STEMI and suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors:   Royal Infirmary Manchester, United Kingdom, Eichhöfer Jonas , Hendry Cara ,   Royal Infirmary Manchester, United Kingdom, Fraser Douglas ,   Royal Infirmary Manchester, United Kingdom
Published: June 2021

Chest pain is a common complaint of patients presenting to the Emergency Department, but there is a wide variety of underlying causes. These include ischaemic chest pain (acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and stable angina), non-ischaemic cardiovascular chest pain (aortic dissection, pulmonary embolism, pericarditis) and a wide variety of non cardiovascular causes (musculoskeletal, psychiatric and gastrointestinal causes).
Acute Asthma in Adults: Controversies and Best Practice
Authors:   Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK, Schuhmann Maren , Brims Fraser ,   Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK, Chauhan Anoop J ,   Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK
Published: June 2021

Asthma in the emergency care setting is common and may be life-threatening. Last year the British Thoracic Society updated their guidelines for the management of asthma, however some treatments remain controversial and there is variation in adherence to these and other national and international guidelines.
Poisoning And Toxicological Emergencies – Current Trends And Practice
Authors:   Medicine Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Banham-Hall Edward , Mallinson Robert ,   Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Trepte Nicola
Published: June 2021

Poisoning is a common presentation to hospital acute medical units, and can produce a variety of clinical scenarios. This review discusses the epidemiology of poisoning, a framework for managing patients with drug toxicity and considerations in the diagnosis of toxicity with unknown substances. The commonest substances seen in toxicity in the UK – paracetamol, antidepressants, sedatives and opioids are discussed in more detail.
Internal Carotid Artery dissection presenting as Isolated Hypoglossal nerve palsy
Authors:   Glan Clwyd Hospital Bodelwyddan, Ahmad Amir , Ahmad Amir ,   Glan Clwyd Hospital, Travis Philip ,   Glan Clwyd Hospital, Doran Mark ,   Walton Centre for Neurology & Neurosurgery Fazakerley, Liverpool
Published: June 2021

Internal carotid dissection most commonly presents as headache, focal neurological deficits or stroke. Rarely it can manifest itself by causing a palsy of the lower cranial nerves (IX, X, XI, XII). The reported incidence of isolated cranial nerve palsies is rare. We report a case of an internal carotid artery dissection manifesting as isolated XII (hypoglossal) cranial nerve palsy.
Acute abdominal pain: An unusual medical cause
Authors:   Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust Tremona Road Southampton, Chan James , Ahmed Adil ,   Royal Hampshire County Hospital Romsey Road Winchester, Stacey Bernard ,   Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust Tremona Road Southampton
Published: June 2021

Lyme disease is an infectious illness that arises from the spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi transmitted via a bite by Ixodid ticks. There were 768 cases in the United Kingdom (incidence 1.46/100,000) identified by the Health Protection Agency in 2006. Clinical manifestations of Lyme disease can be multi-systemic. It is important for the acute physician to be aware of this condition. Its relative infrequency and unusual presentation can result in delayed diagnosis with potential for suboptimal outcome. Here, we present a case of Lyme disease presenting with abdominal pain and intestinal dysmotility.
A Case of Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome on the Acute Medical Unit
Authors:   St. James’ University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, Heaps Tom , Cooper Nicola ,   Leeds Teaching Hospitals
Published: June 2021

We describe a case of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) in a young female, presenting several weeks after neurosurgery, to the Medical Admissions Unit. The diagnosis is discussed with reference to differential diagnosis, diagnostic criteria, pathophysiology and treatment.
SAM Acute Medicine Trainees Skills Survey 2009
Authors:   Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, Skene Hannah , Ward David ,   Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woolwich
Published: June 2021

Specialist trainees in Acute Medicine have expressed concerns over skills training in the curriculum, compared with skills training in practice. Thus, an online survey was conducted in 2009 to investigate these comments in detail. The responses from 132 trainees were analysed. The results show that the majority of practical skills are being performed by trainees who feel that they have reached a level of competence sufficient to enable them to teach the skill to others. The major causes for concern were highlighted as temporary cardiac pacing, endotracheal intubation and Sengstaken Blakemore tubes. We recommend that these skills should be taught via simulation where not available in practice, but true competence cannot be expected for the majority.
Common Fixed Point Theorems in M-Fuzzy Cone Metric Space
Authors: SUGANTHI M. , MATHURAİVEERAN M.jeyaraman
Published: June 2021

This work aims to generalize the Banach contraction theorem to M-fuzzy cone metric spaces. We construct generalized M-fuzzy cone contractive conditions for three self mappings with which they have a unique common fixed point.
Epidemiological status of erhrlichiosis as a high-risk zoonosis in endemic populations
Authors: A. Cabrera Núñez  , M.A. Lammoglia Villagómez  , C.E. Martínez Sánchez  , R. Rojas Ronquillo  , S.A Alarcón Pulido
Published: June 2021

This work was carried out at the animal health veterinary clinic, located on Cuauhtémoc avenue, Colonia La Rivera, in the city of Tuxpan de Rodríguez Cano, Veracruz, Mexico, during the period of October 2019 - March 2020. Aiming to determine the prevalence canine Ehrlichiosis, for which 30 canine E. canina serotypes were identified. For this evaluation, the AB GENOME kit was used, which was based on an indirect ELISA test in canines with apparent symptoms of the disease. The data were processed in the SPSS version 10 statistical package and the differences between treatments were detected by Duncan's test, the level of significance was 95% taking into account the variables of sex, age and race. The results indicated 23% of positive cases of the canines exposed to E. canis and 7 negative cases with a prevalence of 76.66%. According to the results obtained that were based on the association that existed between the presence of antibodies against E. canis, with age, race, sex, it was determined that there is no association between the presence of antibodies against E. canis and none of the variables described above.
External-stimuli responsiveness of self-assembled supramolecular architectures
Authors: Majumdar Rakhi
Published: June 2021

Supramolecular materials are dynamic in nature which can reversibly dissociate and
associate, deconstruct and reconstruct in response to external stimulus. These adaptive
supramolecular materials are the materials of future which have shown a new path towards the chemistry of advanced and complex matter. In recent years these supramolecular materials are in the centre of attraction due to its wide range of
applications in diversified fields like drug delivery, nanoelectronics, shape memory devices etc. In this short review, the supramolecular assembly-disassembly of molecules in response to the various external stimuli such as pH, light, redox, enzyme have been discussed which were developed in recent past.
A bioactive diterpene; Nasimalun A from Croton oblongifolius Roxb.
Authors: Wijesekera Kanchana
Published: June 2021

A clerodane type diterpene, nasimalun A was isolated from a dichloromethane extract of the leaves of Croton oblongifolius Roxb. Nasimalun A showed moderate cytotoxicity toward MOLT- 3 cell line with IC50 value of 26.44 µg/mL. Furthermore, nasimalun A showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 50, 12.5, and100 μg/mL for Bacillus
cereus and both Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis respectively.
Conflict between the Individual and Society in Jeanette Winterson’s Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit
Authors: ATASOY Emrah
Published: June 2021

Jeanette Winterson’s novel, Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit (1985) illustrates the story of a young girl, Jeanette, who experiences suppressive upbringing at the hands of her mother and her surroundings. Through the portrayal of her transition into adulthood, the novel touches on numerous challenging issues such as gender, identity, and the reliability of the mainstream patriarchal discourse. The main character’s gradual transformation reveals the controversial aspects of her society juxtaposed with her sexual orientation as a lesbian and her oppositional stance against the ingrained doctrine of the Church. This study will, in this respect, discuss Jeanette’s rebellion as an individual against her oppressive society in Winterson’s Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit through specific references from the primary source and relevant secondary sources in an ultimate attempt to reveal how identity, gender roles, and truth are all discursive practices.
Ceza Muhakemesi Hukukunda Arama ve Elkoyma
Authors: SEYYİDOĞLU Muhammed Sıddık
Published: June 2021

Ceza muhakemesi, maddi gerçeğin ortaya çıkarılması amacıyla yapılmaktadır. Bu amaca hizmet eden ceza muhakemesi hukuku kurumlarından biri koruma tedbirleridir. Çalışma konusunu oluşturan arama ve elkoyma tedbirleri, koruma tedbirleri kapsamında yer alan ve uygulamada en çok uygulanan tedbirlerdir. Bu tedbirlerin birbirini tamamlayıcı niteliği nedeniyle çalışma kapsamında her iki koruma tedbiri birlikte incelenmiştir. Arama ve elkoyma tedbirleri uygulamada kişilerin temel hak ve özgürlüklerine müdahale niteliği taşımaktadır. Bu nedenle koruma tedbirlerinin hukuka uygun şekilde uygulanması önem taşımaktadır. Koruma tedbirlerine suçlulukla mücadele ve toplum güvenliği amacıyla başvurulmaktadır. Kişilerin temel hak ve özgürlükleri ile toplum güvenliği arasındaki dengenin uygulama açısından iyi kurulması beklenmektedir. Aksi takdirde toplumun adalete olan inancının sarsılması ve uygulayıcılar açısından tazminat sorumluluğunun gündeme gelmesi söz konusu olmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, Ceza Muhakemesinde yer alan arama ve elkoyma koruma tedbirlerinin kanuni düzenlemeler, doktrin görüşleri, yargı kararları ve uygulama kapsamında ayrıntılı şekilde ele alınarak kanuni düzenlemelerden ya da uygulamalardan kaynaklanan sorunları ortaya koymak bu sorunların çözümüne katkı sağlamaktır. Bu çalışma uygulamada yaşanan sorunlara günümüz koşullarının değerlendirilmesi yapılarak, teknolojik imkanların gelişmesi bağlamında koruma tedbirlerinin mevzuata uygun şekilde yapılmasına olanak sağlamak amacıyla yol gösterici bir kaynak niteliği taşımaktadır. Bu amaçla literatür taraması şeklinde yapılan çalışmada arama ve elkoyma konusunda detaylı bilgilere yer verilmiş, doktrin görüşleri değerlendirilmiştir. Bu tedbirlerin uygulanması esnasında karşılaşılan sorunlara ayrıntılı değinilmiş, uygulamada yaşanan sorunlara çözüm olabilecek, uygulayıcılara yol gösterecek değerlendirmeler yapılmış, bu bilgiler uygulamalarla karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın uygulamada sıkça başvurulan bu tedbirlerin sistemli ve kurallara uygun şekilde gerçekleştirilmesi konusunda uygulayıcılara yol göstereceği kanaatindeyiz.
Makineleşen Bedenlerden Kayıp Kuşaklara V. F. Odoyevski’nin Endüstri Devrimi ve Çocuk İşçiliğine Yönelik Eleştirileri
Authors: ÖZAKIN Duygu
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışma, 19. yüzyıl Rus düşüncesinin ve Romantik edebiyatının önde gelen temsilcilerinden biri olan Vladimir Fyodoroviç Odoyevski’nin (1803-1869) endüstrileşmeye yönelik dikkat ve eleştirilerini sosyolojik bir perspektiften okumayı hedefler. İlk kez 1844 yılında okurla buluşan Rus Geceleri [Russkiye noçi] adlı başyapıtında Odoyevski, çok yönlü bir aydın olmasından ileri gelen eleştirel bilgi birikimini, çağın teknik yenilikleri ekseninde gelişen fikir teatisinin kısa öykülerle iç içe geçtiği karma bir kurguyla yansıtır. Dört entelektüel karakter arasında geçen, dokuz gece boyunca süren sohbet ve okumaların sonunda, devrin toplumsal ve ekonomik sorunlarının müzakere edildiği bir epilog yer alır. Epilogda en dikkat çekici bölümlerden birini başta İngiltere ve öteki sanayileşmiş ülkelerin çalışma politikaları ile çocuk emeğinin sömürülmesi üzerine yürütülen tartışma teşkil eder. Yazar, Britanya ve Kıta Avrupası’ndan düşünürlerin ve çeşitli disiplinlerden gelen bilim insanlarının kaleme aldığı pozitivist manifestolar üzerinden bir dizi eleştirel görüş ortaya koyar. Dönemin pek çok Rus aydını gibi söz konusu metinleri Fransızca çevirilerinden okuyan Odoyevski, bu eserlerde sunulan bilimsel yönetim teorilerine/iş modellerine karşı çıkar ve rasyonel düşüncenin amacından saparak sermayenin çıkarlarına hizmet eder hâle geldiğine; böylelikle çocuk emekçilerin sömürülmesine çeşitli gerekçeler türettiğine dikkat çeker. Bu çalışma, yazarın konuya ilişkin görüşlerini, çocuk işçiliğine ilişkin sosyolojik ve tarihsel veriler ışığında çözümlemeyi amaçlar. Çalışma, geç endüstrileşen Rusya’da, insan bedeninin ve toplumun makineleşmesi karşısında ortaya konulan karamsar öngörülerin ardında yatan haklı gerekçeleri tartışır.
İslâmiyet Öncesi Türklerde Askeri Müzik
Authors: PİRGON Yüksel
Published: June 2021

Her ulusun kendi kültürel birikiminin şekillendirdiği bir müzik anlayışı vardır ve bu müzikler temsil ettiği ulusun karakteristik özelliklerini yansıtır bir nitelikte varlık bulur. Türk medeniyetlerinde müzik, çok eskilere dayanan derin bir gelenektir. Türklerde müzik sadece sosyal ve dini olgular içerisinde kullanılmamış aynı zamanda askeri alanda da kendisine yer bularak geçmişten günümüze değin bir devlet geleneği haline gelmiştir. En eski Türk kaynakları olarak kabul edilen Köktürk kitabelerine bakıldığında da Türklerde gelişmiş bir askeri müzik geleneğinin mevcut olduğu net bir şekilde görülmektedir. İlk başlarda oldukça sade bir yapıda varlığını gösteren askeri müzik, zamanla daha organize ve kurumsal bir boyuta ulaşmış, savaşlarda oldukça fonksiyonel olarak farklı amaçlar için farklı biçimlerde kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Literatür taramasına dayalı olan bu betimsel çalışmada, İslâmiyetten önce Türklerde askeri müzik geleneğinin incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir.
Mülteci Kadınlar için Sağlığın Korunması ve Geliştirilmesi: Hemşirelik Yaklaşımı
Authors: SÖĞÜT Kübra , BİLGE Çiğdem
Published: June 2021

Göç insanlık tarihi boyunca var olan bir olgudur. Günümüzde de genellikle uluslararası bir sorun olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Göçten etkilenen dezavantajlı grupların başında kadınlar gelmektedir. Kadınlar göç sürecinde; barınma ve beslenme yetersizlikleri, ekonomik sorunlar ve eğitim problemleri gibi güçlüklerle karşı karşıya kalmakta ve bunların sonucunda sağlıkları olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Göçmen kadınlarda en çok rastlanan sağlık problemleri arasında gebelik ve doğum komplikasyonları, cinsel yolla bulaşan enfeksiyonlar, aile planlaması hizmetlerinden yeteri kadar yararlanamama, yaşadıkları travmalar sonucu ortaya çıkan psikolojik sorunlar yer almaktadır. Göçmen kadınların sağlığını korumada ve güçlendirmede sağlık profesyonellerinin özellikle de hemşirelerin görev ve sorumlulukları fazladır. Sağlık çalışanlarının göçmen kadınların özelliklerini bilmeleri onlara yönelik sağlık gereksinimlerini belirlemede yardımcı olacaktır. Bu derleme makalesi göçün kadın yaşamına etkisini, kadın sağlığı üzerine etkisini ve göçmen kadınların sağlığını korumaya yönelik hemşirelik yaklaşımlarını ele almaktadır.
COVID-19 Salgınında Türkiye’de Normalleşme Sürecine Geçiş: Ankara İli Örneğinde Toplumsal Bir Bakış
Authors: YILDIRIM İlkin Esen , SEZGİN Deniz
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'de COVID-19 salgını nedeniyle uygulanan kısıtlamaların 1 Haziran 2020 tarihinden itibaren kademeli olarak kaldırılarak normalleşme sürecine geçilmesi hakkında toplumun görüşlerini ortaya koymaktır. Küresel boyutta bir kriz olan COVID-19 salgınıyla ilgili tüm süreçlerde doğru ve etkili bir risk iletişimi ve yönetimi gerekmektedir. Bu süreçte toplumsal yansımaların görmezden gelinmesi mümkün değildir. Toplumun deneyimleyerek üzerinde uzlaştığı görüşlerin analiz edilmesi gelecekte yapılacak risk iletişimi çalışmaları için yol gösterici olacaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda COVID-19 salgını ile ilgili literatür taranarak özgün 24 soru hazırlanmış; alan araştırması 22-25 Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında çevrimiçi ortamda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın evreni Türkiye’nin ikinci en fazla nüfuslu şehri olan Ankara olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmaya 1230 kişi katılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları, katılımcıların düşen vaka ve vefat sayılarının rehavete neden olduğunu düşündüklerini, kendi çevrelerine toplumun diğer kesimlerinden daha fazla güvendiklerini ve normalleşme kararının toplumun sahip olduğu kaygı ve endişe düzeyinin azalmasına neden olmadığını göstermiştir. Normalleşme sürecinde katılımcıların kendi sağlıklarını riske atacak faaliyetlerden uzak durmayı tercih ettikleri, erteledikleri tıbbi kontroller ve tedaviler için sağlık kuruluşlarına başvurma konusunda kararsız oldukları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Katılımcıların normalleşmeye erken geçildiği ve ekonomik kaygılarla bu kararın verildiği kanaatinde oldukları görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, salgında risk iletişiminin doğru yönetilebilmesi için toplumun doğru ve açık bilgilendirme ile bilgi ihtiyacının giderilmesi; salgınla mücadelede bireysel önlemlerin sürdürülmesi, kamu ve sağlık otoritelerinin gereken tedbirleri alması ve tüm bunların medyanın paylaşımlarıyla desteklenmesi gerektiği belirtilmelidir.
Efecto de tres consorcios microbianos en maíz (Zea mays L.) en Villaflores, Chiapas
Authors: Macías-Coutiño Paulina , Guevara-Hernández Francisco , Ruiz-Valdiviezo Víctor Manuel , Reyes-Sosa Mariela Beatriz , La O Arias Manuel Alejandro , Pinto-Ruiz René
Published: June 2021

La presente investigación se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de los microorganismos de montaña (MM) sobre variables de crecimiento y producción de biomasa del agroecosistema maíz bajo un manejo agroecológico en Villaflores, Chiapas, México. Los consorcios microbianos se elaboraron mediante la técnica de reproducción y activación de MM y se obtuvieron tres tratamientos diferenciados por material de origen: MM1 (Área de Protección de Recursos Naturales “La Frailescana”), MM2 (Reserva de la Biosfera “La Sepultura”), MM3 (Cerro Nambiyuguá, municipio de Villaflores); y un testigo, equivalente al fertilizante químico (composta + sulfato de amonio). Se utilizó un diseño experimental de cuadro latino 4X4 y la aplicación de los consorcios microbianos se realizó a los 20 y 50 días después de siembra (DDS) con las concentraciones de 50% (Sol. 50% concentrado de MM + 50 % agua) y a los 60 DDS al 75% (Sol. 75% concentrado de MM + 25 % agua). Se observó que, a los 35 DDS y 60 DDS, MM3 obtuvo efectos significativamente mayores sobre el cultivo que los otros tratamientos, sobre la variable altura de planta. A los 60 DDS MM2 igualó a MM3 y al testigo con valores de diámetro de tallo que oscilan entre 1.99 y 2.08 cm. La mayor producción de biomasa seca global se mantuvo en el tratamiento MM3. El tratamiento MM3, cuya fuente de inóculo proviene del sitio más cercano a la región del área experimental, obtuvo mayores efectos sobre los indicadores de crecimiento y producción de biomasa.
Bounding Border Checks
Authors: Hamburger David
Published: June 2021

Bounding Border Checks: A Comparative Approach to Crimmigration, Race, and Policing at the US Internal Border

Crimmigration – the hybridization of criminal law and migration policy – is a transatlantic phenomenon. Despite this growing recognition, however, academic attention has thus far tended to focus more on discrete cases than on the similarities across regional contexts. In considering internal checkpoint stops conducted by US Border Patrol within the context of ongoing debates about racial profiling and policing of the internal border in the Schengen area, this article aims to provide a comparative lens by which to assess the questions at the heart of the current European discussion. An examination of both the jurisprudence and practice of the US internal border, this comparison suggests, offers a cautionary tale for European attempts to balance the fight against cross-border crime with the principles of human rights and the promise of a Europe free of internal frontiers.
A machine without an engine: why deportation would hardly find its place in the Italian judicial system
Authors: Di Molfetta Eleonora
Published: June 2021

A machine without an engine: why deportation would hardly find its place in the Italian judicial system

In the last decades, many Western countries have embraced an exclusionary stance towards non-members by increasingly relying on deportation. An important target of ‘crimmigration’ practices is represented by convicted foreign nationals, who are subject to deportation after serving their sentence. In Italy, trial judges can issue a deportation order towards convicted foreign nationals considered socially dangerous. This article examines whether and how deportation has found its space in judicial settings. Drawing on data collected in the court of Turin, this article sheds light on how structural and cultural traits of the Italian judicial system make deportation ‘a machine without an engine’.
The Crimmigration Trend in the Netherlands: Some Critical Reflections
Authors: Staring Richard , Timmerman Ruben
Published: June 2021

The Crimmigration Trend in the Netherlands: Some Critical Reflections

Over the past decade, the concept of crimmigration has dominated legal and criminological understanding of contemporary immigration control. Drawing on the Netherlands as case study, this article provides a critical reflection on ‘crimmigration’ as both a policy trend and a scholarly trend. We argue that much of the existing scholarship has presented a one-dimensional understanding of crimmigration as a unilateral process singularly trending towards increasing punitiveness, securitization and exclusion. We examine a number of concrete examples illustrating the need for a more complex understanding that incorporates an analysis of the full range of actors and (counter)processes within the field of crimmigration.
FUZZY IMPLICATIVE IDEALS IN BCK-ALGEBRAS
Authors: JUN Y. B. , HONG S. M. , ROH E. H.
Published: June 2021

An implicative ideal of a BCK-algebra is defined by lseki [1]. In 1991, Xi [7] defined a fuzzy implicative ideal of a BCK-algebra. In this paper, we investigate the properties of fuzzy implicative ideals in BCK-algebras.
ON NONLINEAR INTEGRODIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH DEVIATING ARGUMENTS
Authors: BALACHANDRAN K. , ILAMARAN S.
Published: June 2021

We prove an existence theorem for nonlinear integrodifferential equations with deviating arguments using the Schauder fixed theorem.
Entre lo curricular y lo personal: la importancia de las transiciones educativas en la vida del alumnado inmigrante para una educación inclusiva real
Authors: Fernández-Larragueta Susana , Rodorigo Monia , Lázaro Marie-Noëlle
Published: June 2021

Transitar por el sistema educativo deviene de múltiples variables que se amplifican en el caso del alumnado inmigrante, quien ha de hacer frente, en ocasiones, a situaciones que le llevan a «nadar entre culturas». Sabedoras de esta realidad, hemos llevado a cabo una investigación con el objeto de conocer y analizar los factores personales y curriculares relevantes que intervienen en el tránsito de adolescentes inmigrantes por nuestro sistema educativo. Lo hemos hecho a través de un estudio multicaso, integrado por seis estudios de casos instrumentales, cuyos instrumentos de recogida de información han sido la observación participante y las entrevistas en profundidad con alumnado, familiares y docentes. La discusión de los datos ha girado en torno a cuatro puntos: a) la evidente dificultad de integración cultural tras el proceso de migración; b) los problemas en la adaptación al sistema educativo; c) las distorsiones que implica la repetición de curso en la identidad de pertenencia a un grupo aula, y d) la fuerte incidencia que ejerce la cultura profesional en la inclusión y/o la adaptación.
QFD sustentável: uma revisão bibliométrica e sistemática da literatura
Authors: Silva Henrique Monte Mor , Vanalle Rosangela Maria
Published: June 2021

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliométrica e sistemática da literatura para investigar o que se tem feito em relação ao QFD, quanto aos aspectos da sustentabilidade, no intuito de identificar lacunas na literatura e propor sugestões para pesquisas futuras. Os principais aspectos bibliométricos levantados revelaram que os autores mais relevantes no tema, quanto à quantidade de publicações e relações com outros autores, são Vinodh e Yazdani. O método de pesquisa mais utilizado foi o estudo de caso e o país que mais tem publicado sobre o tema é a Índia. A revisão sistemática revelou que mais de 50% dos trabalhos publicados já consideram os três aspectos da sustentabilidade (econômico, ambiental e social) e pouco mais de 40% não consideram o aspecto social, mas existe uma tendência nos estudos de incorporar o aspecto social. Revelou também que a maior parte dos estudos que propõem o QFD considerando os aspectos sustentáveis o utilizam em seu formato convencional, mas é expressivo o número de trabalhos que integram outras ferramentas ao QFD fazendo menção a um melhor resultado. Dessas, as ferramentas mais frequentemente utilizadas são o LCA, o ANP e o AHP. No entanto, ficou evidente a falta de consenso em relação ao melhor método de tantos propostos, dependendo do foco e do segmento da aplicação. Quanto ao método, há carência de pesquisas sobre o tema que utilizam métodos diferentes do estudo de caso. Além disso, há segmentos e focos em que o QFD ainda é pouco explorado.
The Kosmopolis over the Kallipolis
Authors: Piering Julie ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2021

When the Cynic philosopher, Diogenes of Sinope, coins the term ‘cosmopolitan,’ he invites an expansive understanding of the ethical and political commitments one should endeavor to challenge and uphold. Whereas the politics of the day privileged one’s status and role in the polis as foundational for rights, entitlements, duties, and allegiances, the cosmopolitan perspective highlights the arbitrary nature of political boundaries and benefits. This permits virtue, nature, and reason to supplant law and custom as the standards for judgment. After grounding the invention of cosmopolitanism in its political and ethical context, this paper explores what is salient in the notion by attending to it in its own right and as a foil for a different kind of ethically driven political structure, here represented by Plato’s kallipolis.
One new genus and nineteen new species of ground spiders (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Iran, with other taxonomic considerations
Authors: Zamani Alireza , Chatzaki Maria , Esyunin Sergei L. , Marusik Yuri M.
Published: June 2021

One new genus, Zagrotes gen. nov., and 19 new species of ground spiders (Gnaphosidae) are described from Iran: Berinda bifurcata sp. nov. (♂, Bushehr, Khuzestan; southwestern and southern Iran), Berinda hoerwegi sp. nov. (♂♀, Fars, Ilam, Kermanshah, Kurdistan; western and southcentral Iran), Berlandina artaxerxes sp. nov. (♂ Yazd; central Iran), Cryptodrassus iranicus sp. nov. (♂, Kermanshah; western Iran), Drassodes persianus sp. nov. (♀, Kermanshah, Sistan & Baluchistan; western and southeastern Iran), Echemus caspicus sp. nov. (♀, Golestan; northern Iran), Gnaphosa qamsarica sp. nov. (♀, Isfahan; central Iran), Haplodrassus medes sp. nov. (♂, Fars; southcentral Iran), Haplodrassus qashqai sp. nov. (♂♀, Hormozgan, Khuzestan, Lorestan; southwestern to southern Iran), Marinarozelotes achaemenes sp. nov. (♀, Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad; southwestern Iran), Marjanus isfahanicus sp. nov. (♀, Isfahan; central Iran), Nomisia ameretatae sp. nov. (♂, Tehran; northern Iran), Prodidomus inexpectatus sp. nov. (♂, Hormozgan; southern Iran), Scotophaeus anahita sp. nov. (♀, Isfahan; central Iran), Scotophaeus elburzensis sp. nov. (♀, Tehran, Zanjan; northwestern and northern Iran), Sosticus montanus sp. nov. (♀, Ilam; western Iran), Synaphosus martinezi sp. nov. (♂♀, Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad; southwestern Iran), Zagrotes apophysalis sp. nov. (♂♀, Hormozgan, Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad; southwestern to southern Iran) and Zelotes hyrcanus sp. nov. (♀, Mazandaran; northern Iran). These are the first records of the genera Berinda Roewer, 1928, Echemus Simon, 1878 and Marjanus Chatzaki, 2018 in Iran. Additionally, the previously unknown female of Callipelis deserticola Zamani & Marusik, 2017 is described and illustrated, and Berlandina mesopotamica Al-Khazali, 2020 is recorded in Iran for the first time. Furthermore, Berinda idae Lissner, 2016 syn. nov. (Greece, Cyprus) is synonymized with Berinda infumatus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) comb. nov. (ex. Heser Tuneva, 2004; Greece, Tanzania, Egypt, Israel, introduced to Japan).
Reshaping of bacterial molecular hydrogen metabolism contributes to the outgrowth of commensal E. coli during gut inflammation
Authors: Hughes Elizabeth R , Winter Maria G , Alves da Silva Laice , Muramatsu Matthew K , Jimenez Angel G , Gillis Caroline C , Spiga Luisella , Chanin Rachael B , Santos Renato L , Zhu Wenhan , Winter Sebastian E
Published: June 2021

The composition of gut-associated microbial communities changes during intestinal inflammation, including an expansion of Enterobacteriaceae populations. The mechanisms underlying microbiota changes during inflammation are incompletely understood. Here, we analyzed previously published metagenomic datasets with a focus on microbial hydrogen metabolism. The bacterial genomes in the inflamed murine gut and in patients with inflammatory bowel disease contained more genes encoding predicted hydrogen-utilizing hydrogenases compared to communities found under non-inflamed conditions. To validate these findings, we investigated hydrogen metabolism of Escherichia coli, a representative Enterobacteriaceae, in mouse models of colitis. E. coli mutants lacking hydrogenase-1 and hydrogenase-2 displayed decreased fitness during colonization of the inflamed cecum and colon. Utilization of molecular hydrogen was in part dependent on respiration of inflammation-derived electron acceptors. This work highlights the contribution of hydrogenases to alterations of the gut microbiota in the context of non-infectious colitis.
Canonical NF-κB signaling maintains corneal epithelial integrity and prevents corneal aging via retinoic acid
Authors: Yu Qian , Biswas Soma , Ma Gang , Zhao Peiquan , Li Baojie , Li Jing
Published: June 2021

Disorders of the transparent cornea affect millions of people worldwide. However, how to maintain and/or regenerate this organ remains unclear. Here, we show that Rela (encoding a canonical NF-κB subunit) ablation in K14+ corneal epithelial stem cells not only disrupts corneal regeneration but also results in age-dependent epithelial deterioration, which triggers aberrant wound-healing processes including stromal remodeling, neovascularization, epithelial metaplasia, and plaque formation at the central cornea. These anomalies are largely recapitulated in normal mice that age naturally. Mechanistically, Rela deletion suppresses expression of Aldh1a1, an enzyme required for retinoic acid synthesis from vitamin A. Retinoic acid administration blocks development of ocular anomalies in Krt14-Cre; Relaf/f mice and naturally aged mice. Moreover, epithelial metaplasia and plaque formation are preventable by inhibition of angiogenesis. This study thus uncovers the major mechanisms governing corneal maintenance, regeneration, and aging and identifies the NF-κB-retinoic acid pathway as a therapeutic target for corneal disorders.
Punishment insensitivity in humans is due to failures in instrumental contingency learning
Authors: Jean-Richard-dit-Bressel Philip , Lee Jessica C , Liew Shi Xian , Weidemann Gabrielle , Lovibond Peter F , McNally Gavan P
Published: June 2021

Punishment maximises the probability of our individual survival by reducing behaviours that cause us harm, and also sustains trust and fairness in groups essential for social cohesion. However, some individuals are more sensitive to punishment than others and these differences in punishment sensitivity have been linked to a variety of decision-making deficits and psychopathologies. The mechanisms for why individuals differ in punishment sensitivity are poorly understood, although recent studies of conditioned punishment in rodents highlight a key role for punishment contingency detection (Jean-Richard-Dit-Bressel et al., 2019). Here, we applied a novel ‘Planets and Pirates’ conditioned punishment task in humans, allowing us to identify the mechanisms for why individuals differ in their sensitivity to punishment. We show that punishment sensitivity is bimodally distributed in a large sample of normal participants. Sensitive and insensitive individuals equally liked reward and showed similar rates of reward-seeking. They also equally disliked punishment and did not differ in their valuation of cues that signalled punishment. However, sensitive and insensitive individuals differed profoundly in their capacity to detect and learn volitional control over aversive outcomes. Punishment insensitive individuals did not learn the instrumental contingencies, so they could not withhold behaviour that caused punishment and could not generate appropriately selective behaviours to prevent impending punishment. These differences in punishment sensitivity could not be explained by individual differences in behavioural inhibition, impulsivity, or anxiety. This bimodal punishment sensitivity and these deficits in instrumental contingency learning are identical to those dictating punishment sensitivity in non-human animals, suggesting that they are general properties of aversive learning and decision-making.