bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caracterización de la participación de la familia en la producción de las empresas en México
Authors: González Vega Alba María del Carmen
Published: August 2014

In the study of family business there is no concrete data on the number of Mexican companies that are family owned, however in reviewing the Economic Census of the National Institute of Statistics and Geography [INEGI] it can be seen that provided staff busy donot receive a formal economic perception from owners, family and other unpaid worker, so that, by linking the concept of family business and the companies that have reported such staff , this study identifies the behavior of the family business considering the contribution to production by sector and hours worked, as well as by gender, concentration of owners, family and other unpaid workers by sector and firm size (micro, small, medium and large companies). This study provides reference the importance of the family business in Mexico’s economic output, setting a mapping behavior from a quantitative approach. It should be noted that this study is part of a doctoral research project in progress over the family business, which is why , it is important to have a reference of the macro context in which the organization is embedded study, presented at the following inquiry.
The Diagnosis of Prediabetes in Adolescents/Dijagnoza Predijabetesa Kod Adolescenata
Authors: Zdravković Vera , Sajić Silvija , Mitrović Jadranka , Stefanović Igor , Pavićević Polina , Nikolić Dimitrije , Dimić Jovana , Lalić Nebojša M.
Published: August 2014

Background: Prediabetes is characterized by isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and combined IFG/IGT. This study aimed to establish the prevalence of prediabetes and examine possible contributory factors in a cohort of obese adolescents.

Methods: In this prospective study, we recruited 85 obese patients from the Obesity Clinic at the University Children’s Hospital and 17 normal weight controls. All patients were of Caucasian origin, 60 males/42 females, aged 7.4-18.3 years, with at least Tanner 2 stage of puberty.

Results: Depending on criteria we used, insulin resistance was confirmed in 62-100% of obese patients, predominantly in the group with BMI SDS > 3. oGTT revealed isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in 13.9%, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in 20.8% and combined IFG and IGT only in 2.8% of the obese patients. Patients in the prediabetes group were older (14±2.4 vs 12.8±2.5 p=0.04) and had higher glucose levels (p<0.001) during the whole oGTT compared to normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group. There was no difference between groups in respect to family history, BMI, lipids and fasting insulin. Insulinogenic index, WBISI and HOMA%B were significantly lower in the prediabetes group compared to the NGT group (p=0.07, 0.01 and 0.04 respectively). HbA1c level was measured in 58% of patients and was significantly higher in the prediabetes group (5.4±0.3 vs 5.7±0.4, p=0.002).

Conclusion: Prediabetes occurrence was fairly high in our obese adolescents. Further studies should establish what would be the most appropriate screening test to diagnose these patients at risk for type 2 diabetes and initiate treatment without delay.
Metabolic Setup and Risks in Obese Children/Metabolički Profil I Rizici Kod Gojazne Dece
Authors: Kocova Mirjana , Sukarova-Angelovska Elena , Tanaskoska Milica , Palcevska-Kocevska Snezana , Krstevska Marija
Published: August 2014

Background: In the past decades, the obesity epidemic in children of all ages has been an important research field for detecting the metabolic causes and consequences of obe- sity, the major focus being on insulin and adipocytokine lev- els. Metabolic work-up in obese children is recommended in the age group as young as 2-6 years. There is evidence that birth weight can be a factor causing obesity later in life accompanied by metabolic complications.

Methods: Insulin, leptin, and adiponectin levels were ana- lyzed in 269 obese children and 60 controls, as well as 110 newborn children with different birth weight and different length of gestation, using standard methods.

Results: In 53.6% of the obese children, complications of obesity such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, hyperlipidemia, heart attack or stroke were found in family members. The peak insulinemia on OGTT was significantly higher in the pubertal compared to the prepubertal group (110.5± 75.9 μU/mL versus 72.2±62.7 μU/mL) (p<0.005). Glucose intolerance was confirmed in 24%. The leptin level was significantly higher and the adiponectin level was lower in pubertal obese children compared to the prepubertal children and controls (p<0.05). In newborns the leptin and adiponectin levels were in correlation with anthropometric parameters: body weight (BW), body length (BL), BW/BL, BMI, and the pondered index (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Obese children have high insulinemia in all ages, reaching its peak towards puberty. The leptin and adiponectin levels might be indicators of the metabolic syn- drome. Our findings in newborns might influence the nutritional approach in the future in order to prevent complications of obesity.
Description and Application of A Model of Seepage under A Weir Including Mechanical Clogging
Authors: Sroka Zbigniew , Walczak Zbigniew , Wosiewicz Bogdan
Published: August 2014

The paper discusses seepage flow under a damming structure (a weir) in view of mechanical clogging in a thin layer at the upstream site. It was assumed that in this layer flow may be treated as one-dimensional (perpendicular to the layer), while elsewhere flow was modelled as two-dimensional. The solution in both zones was obtained in the discrete form using the finite element method and the Euler method. The effect of the clogging layer on seepage flow was modelled using the third kind boundary condition. Seepage parameters in the clogging layer were estimated based on laboratory tests conducted by Skolasińska [2006]. Typical problem was taken to provide simulation and indicate how clogging affects the seepage rate and other parameters of the flow. Results showed that clogging at the upstream site has a significant effect on the distribution of seepage velocity and hydraulic gradients. The flow underneath the structure decreases with time, but these changes are relatively slow.
The Prognosis of Influence of The Oder River Waters Dammed by Malczyce Barrage on Left Bank Areas
Authors: Chalfen Mieczysław , Łyczko Wojciech , Pływaczyk Leszek
Published: August 2014

The finalisation of the construction of the Malczyce barrage is planned for 2015. Damming of the river will cause a change in the water and ground conditions in the adjoining areas. The paper analyses the influence of the water level in the Oder River dammed by the barrage on groundwater table level in the left bank valley.

A model which allows the prediction of groundwater levels depending on the assumed water level in the Oder was constructed. The analysis was conducted for three different variants: for the initial stage before damming the Oder River and for the conditions after damming the water up with and without the drainage devices included in the project.

The calculations were done in several chosen transects across the river valley. The mathematical model of flow in the aquifer based on the Richards equation was applied. The results of calculations were presented as the spatial distribution of piezometric pressures which were used to determine the groundwater table for each of the transects. The calculation results from the vertical models were transposed into a horizontal model. The comparison of appropriate results allowed to positively verify the designed model and to analyse the effectiveness of the realised project solutions.
Seasonal Variability of Ground Water Levels in the Puszcza Zielonka Forest
Authors: Grajewski Sylwester , Miler Antoni T. , Okoński Bernard
Published: August 2014

The paper presents results of studies on seasonal variability of ground water tables recorded in long-term observations of water levels in the Puszcza Zielonka forest complex. The Puszcza Zielonka Forest is located in the middle part of the Warta basin in the central part of the Wielkopolska region. Its western boundary is located approx. 6 km north-east of Poznań. The area is situated in the western part of the Wielkopolska-Mazovian climatic region. The natural landscape is of young glacial type of Pleistocene and Holocene formation. For this reason parent materials for soils in this area were mainly postglacial drifts, deposits coming from the Poznań stage of the Würm glaciation. In terms of granulometric composition these were mainly low clayey sands deposited on loose sands with an admixture of gravel and eroded sandy clay. Scots pine is the dominant species. Oaks, alders, larches and scarce spruces are also found in this area. Predominant sites include fresh mixed forest, fresh mixed coniferous forest, fresh broadleaved forest and alder swamp forest.

Seasonal variability in groundwater levels depends mainly on abiotic factors. Characteristics of stands have only a modifying effect on the dynamics of changes in groundwaters. Slightly greater fluctuations in water levels were recorded in the fresh broadleaved forest site in comparison to the alder swamp forest. There are no marked dependencies of fluctuations in groundwater tables on age classes of the tree stands. Generally a negative correlation was found between variability in groundwater levels and the depth of its table below ground surface (b.g.s.). However, in the conducted studies the hypothesis on the marked delay in the variability of groundwater levels between sites, tree species, age of tree stands or depth of ground water tables was not confirmed.
Assessment of Limnigraph Data Usefulness for Determining The Hypothetical Flood Waves with The Cracow Method
Authors: Gądek Wiesław
Published: August 2014

In our country the data related to the flow volume in the watercourses is recorded in three database systems: water-gauge, limnigraph and telemetric (digital) one. In each of those systems the flow value is presented in a different way. The aim of this publication is to present how the non-compliance of the meaning and substantive difference of water-gauge data and limnigraph data influences on the example of 7 hypothetical floods determined by the Cracow method. Cracow method was initially known as Cracow Technical University Method. The received results show that the limnigraph data does not effect significantly the parameters of the hypothetical floods. In absence of the data from the telemetric system, such analysis has not be done.
Creative Clusters in the Czech Republic—Strategy for Local Development or Fashionable Concept?
Authors: Marková Blanka
Published: August 2014

In an era of globalization and increasing competition among cities, creative industries are gaining greater attention as a catalyst for local and regional development. This is reflected in the theory of Richard Florida, which was accepted after 2002 by professionals in the field of urban planning, especially in North America and Western Europe, but critically analyzed by the academic community in the field of urban and regional development for its insufficient empirical evidence. Creative industries might be fostered through clusters that are widely accepted as concepts for improving the economic efficiency of regions. This paper introduces the concept of creative clusters into discussions by Czech geographers, while analysing the pioneer projectled development of an Audiovisual Cluster in the Zlín Region, and the possible transfer of the creative clusters concept to other Czech regions.
Scales of Disconnection: Mismatches Shaping the Geographies of Emerging Energy Landscapes
Authors: Warren Charles R.
Published: August 2014

The networked nature of energy systems produces geographies of connection, but the focus of this paper is on geographies of disconnection, exploring the multi-scalar processes which shape the context in which energy landscapes emerge. It does so, first, by presenting a case study of farmers' attitudes to perennial energy crops in south-west Scotland. Their strong antipathy to converting farmland to short-rotation coppice, and the reasons for their negative attitudes, exemplify some of the wider mismatches and disconnects which the paper goes on to discuss. These include socio-political and socio-cultural mismatches, and a range of essentially geographical disconnects which are scalar in nature, such as the familiar local-global tension and the mismatch between the scales (both temporal and spatial) at which environmental and human systems organise and function. The discussion shows how these disjunctions not only affect energy geographies but also raise far-reaching questions about the ability of current governance structures and liberal democratic systems to respond swiftly and effectively to global challenges. The way that these mismatches are negotiated will mould both the character of future energy landscapes and the speed at which they take shape.
Perceptions of Energy Crop Production by Lay People and Farmers Using the Ecosystem Services Approach
Authors: Lupp Gerd , Bastian Olaf , Syrbe Ralf-Uwe , Steinhäußer Reimund
Published: August 2014

Perceptions of energy crop production are assessed in this paper. The Görlitz district (Germany) serves as a case study area for this purpose. Semi-structured interviews with farmers and standardized surveys among lay persons were conducted. Many farmers perceive themselves being responsible for providing many ecosystem services. Farmers prefer a regional scale of energy crop cultivation based on conventional crops. Improved legal frameworks and incentives would safeguard equal competition and ecosystem services. Laypersons think that drinking water, food production, biodiversity and pollination are the most important ecosystem services of agricultural landscapes. Providing biomass for renewable energy production is not considered to be an important ecosystem service. Laypersons believe that biomass production should be restricted to fields that are not needed for food production, and the use of residues or landscape management materials. According to laypersons, more money should be spent to halt the decline of ecosystem services.
The Spatial Distribution of Photovoltaic Power Plants in Relation to Solar Resource Potential: The Case of the Czech Republic and Slovakia
Authors: Hofierka Jaroslav , Kaňuk Ján , Gallay Michal
Published: August 2014

Over the last few years, many European countries experienced a rapid growth of photovoltaic (PV) power plants. For example, more than 20, 000 new PV power plants were built in the Czech Republic. The high spatial and temporal variability of the solar resource and subsequent PV power plant production, poses new challenges for the reliability and predictability of the power grid system. In this paper, we analyse the most recent data on PV power plants built in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, with a focus on the spatial distribution of these installations. We have found that these power plants scarcely follow the solar resource potential and, apparently, other factors affect decisions for their location. Recent changes in the support schemes for solar applications also influence these patterns, with new installations mostly confined to built-up areas. These changes will require new tools to assess the appropriate locations of PV systems.
The (UP)Scaling of Renewable Energy Technologies: Experiences from The Austrian Biomass District Heating Niche
Authors: Seiwald Markus
Published: August 2014

The successful diffusion of sustainable technologies is termed “upscaling” in the transition studies literature. This paper maintains that upscaling is an ambiguous notion that suggests that technology diffusion processes follow a linear trend from small-scale pilot plants to industrial-scale facilities. On the ground, however, socio-technical configurations are implemented at a variety of scales, simultaneously. These issues are demonstrated in this paper by analysing the historical development of the Austrian biomass district heating niche. Drawing on secondary statistical data and primary qualitative semi-structured interviews, it is possible to identify four generic socio-technical configurations or dominant designs that, in conjunction, shape the diffusion dynamics of this technology in Austria
Landscapes of Lost Energy: Counterfactual Geographical Imaginary for A More Sustainable Society
Authors: van der Horst Dan
Published: August 2014

The quest for sustainable energy, one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century, calls for more input from academics than 'simply' producing good science. Geographical imaginations are as old as storytelling and mapmaking, but this essay is neither about 'long ago and far away', nor about utopian energy futures. This is a call to geographers to engage with 'alternative present' energy scenarios, using the full range of analytical and discursive tools at our disposal. Drawing on a diverse tradition of imagined spaces and the awareness of absences (material, relational or otherwise), geographers should be able to contribute to the quest for a more sustainable society by assessing, envisaging, and communicating a counterfactual 'here and now', based on good practices existing right now, but not (yet) right here. We need to understand how much more sustainable our bit of the planet would be if we could just, environmentally speaking, 'keep up' with the best of our neighbours. This counterfactual present should be seen as neither radical nor utopian, because it only assumes the historic adoption of best practices which we now know to be feasible and successful. And if thi alternative current scenario looks radically different from the 'real' state we are in, then this goes to show how radically unsustainable our business-as-usual approach has been.
Petrology of nepheline syenite pegmatites in the Oslo Rift, Norway: Zr and Ti mineral assemblages in miaskitic and agpaitic pegmatites in the Larvik Plutonic Complex
Authors: Andersen Tom , Erambert Muriel , Larsen Alf Olav , Selbekk Rune S.
Published: August 2014

Agpaitic nepheline syenites have complex, Na-Ca-Zr-Ti minerals as the main hosts for zirconium and titanium, rather than zircon and titanite, which are characteristic for miaskitic rocks. The transition from a miaskitic to an agpaitic crystallization regime in silica-undersaturated magma has traditionally been related to increasing peralkalinity of the magma, but halogen and water contents are also important parameters. The Larvik Plutonic Complex (LPC) in the Permian Oslo Rift, Norway consists of intrusions of hypersolvus monzonite (larvikite), nepheline monzonite (lardalite) and nepheline syenite. Pegmatites ranging in composition from miaskitic syenite with or without nepheline to mildly agpaitic nepheline syenite are the latest products of magmatic differentiation in the complex. The pegmatites can be grouped in (at least) four distinct suites from their magmatic Ti and Zr silicate mineral assemblages. Semiquantitative petrogenetic grids for pegmatites in log aNa2SiO5 - log aH2O - log aHF space can be constructed using information on the composition and distribution of minerals in the pegmatites, including the Zr-rich minerals zircon, parakeldyshite, eudialyte, låvenite, wöhlerite, rosenbuschite, hiortdahlite and catapleiite, and the Ti-dominated minerals aenigmatite, zirconolite (polymignite), astrophyllite, lorenzenite, titanite, mosandrite and rinkite. The chemographic analysis indicates that although increasing peralkalinity of the residual magma (given by the activity of the Na2Si2O5 or Nds component) is an important driving force for the miaskitic to agpaitic transition, water, fluoride (HF) and chloride (HCl) activity controls the actual mineral assemblages forming during crystallization of the residual magmas. The most distinctive mineral in the miaskitic pegmatites is zirconolite. At low fluoride activity, parakeldyshite, lorenzenite and wöhlerite are stable in mildly agpaitic systems. High fluorine (or HF) activity favours minerals such as låvenite, hiortdahlite,rosenbuschite and rinkite, and elevated water activity mosandrite and catapleiite. Astrophyllite and aenigmatite are stable over large ranges of Nds activity, at intermediate and low water activities, respectively.
The Profile and Work of Officials in Central and Regional Administration Compared: The Case of the Czech Republic
Authors: Veselý Arnošt
Published: August 2014

This paper examines the profiles and work tasks of officials in central and regional administration in the Czech Republic. It analyzes data from surveys among the officials of eleven ministries in 2013 (N = 1351) and fourteen regional offices in 2012 (N = 783). First, the profile of ministerial officials (MOs) is compared with that of regional-level officials (ROs). In accordance with our hypotheses, on average it is found that MOs are, when compared to ROs, older, more educated and have spent more time in civil service. Th ere is also a higher proportion of men in ministries than in regional offices. On the other hand, ministerial work seems to be affected by higher levels of fluctuation than jobs in the regional offices. Second, we compare work tasks of MOs and ROs. As expected, MOs are more involved in analytical tasks and research than ROs. In contrast, ROs are more likely to implement policies or programs, direct and monitor programs or lower-level bodies, provide advice for political bodies of the region, negotiate with elected politicians, communicate with citizens and provide methodological guidance, train or lecture. Contrary to our theoretical expectations, we found a strong positive correlation between analytical and brokering tasks (communication and negotiation). We thus reject the hypothesis that analytical tasks are at odds with negotiating and communication. Instead, it is concluded that most officials are multitaskers, and it is especially so in regional offices. It is hypothesized that this might be caused by the fact that regional offices are smaller and have a lower capacity to specialize
Parametric Method For Evaluating Optimal Ship Deadweight
Authors: Michalski Jan P.
Published: August 2014

The paper presents a method of choosing the optimal value of the cargo ships deadweight. The method may be useful at the stage of establishing the main owners requirements concerning the ship design parameters as well as for choosing a proper ship for a given transportation task. The deadweight is determined on the basis of a selected economic measure of the transport effectiveness of ship - the Required Freight Rate (RFR). The mathematical model of the problem is of a deterministic character and the simplifying assumptions are justified for ships operating in the liner trade. The assumptions are so selected that solution of the problem is obtained in analytical closed form. The presented method can be useful for application in the pre-investment ships designing parameters simulation or transportation task studies.
Resistance Prediction for Hard Chine Hulls in the Pre-Planing Regime
Authors: Radojcic Dejan , Zgradic Antonio , Kalajdzic Milan , Simic Aleksandar
Published: August 2014

A mathematical representation of calm-water resistance for contemporary planing hull forms based on the USCG and TUNS Series is presented. Regression analysis and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques are used to establish, respectively, Simple and Complex mathematical models. For the Simple model, resistance is the dependent variable (actually R/Δ for standard displacement of Δ = 100000 lb), while the Froude number based on volume (FnV) and slenderness ration (L/V1/3) are the independent variables. In addition to these, Complex model’s independent variables are the length beam ratio (L/B), the position of longitudinal centre of gravity (LCG/L) and the deadrise angle (β). The speed range corresponding to FnV values between 0.6 and 3.5 is analyzed. The Simple model can be used in the concept design phases, while the Complex one might be used for various numerical towing tank performance predictions during all design phases, as appropriate
A Simplified Method for Calculating Propeller Thrust Decrease for a Ship Sailing on a Given Shipping Lane
Authors: Zelazny Katarzyna
Published: August 2014

During ship sailing on rough water, relative ship motions can be observed which make the propeller emerge from the water, and decrease its thrust as a consequence. The article presents a simplified method for calculating the thrust decrease and the time of propeller emergence from water for the ship on a regular an irregular wave. The method can be used for predicting the operating speed of the ship on a given shipping lane.
A Model for Service Life Control of Selected Device Systems
Authors: Zieja Mariusz , Ważny Mariusz
Published: August 2014

This paper presents a way of determining distribution of limit state exceedence time by a diagnostic parameter which determines accuracy of maintaining zero state. For calculations it was assumed that the diagnostic parameter is deviation from nominal value (zero state). Change of deviation value occurs as a result of destructive processes which occur during service. For estimation of deviation increasing rate in probabilistic sense, was used a difference equation from which, after transformation, Fokker-Planck differential equation was obtained [4, 11]. A particular solution of the equation is deviation increasing rate density function which was used for determining exceedance probability of limit state. The so-determined probability was then used to determine density function of limit state exceedance time, by increasing deviation. Having at disposal the density function of limit state exceedance time one determined service life of a system of maladjustment. In the end, a numerical example based on operational data of selected aircraft [weapon] sights was presented. The elaborated method can be also applied to determining residual life of shipboard devices whose technical state is determined on the basis of analysis of values of diagnostic parameters.
A fuzzy TOPSIS model to evaluate the Business Intelligence competencies of Port Community Systems
Authors: Ghazanfari Mehdi , Rouhani Saeed , Jafari Mostafa
Published: August 2014

Evaluation of the Business Intelligence (BI) competencies of port community systems before they are bought and deployed is a vital importance for establishment of a decision-support environment for managers. This study proposes a new model which provides a simple approach to the assessment of the BI competencies of port community systems in organization. This approach helps decision-makers to select an enterprise system with appropriate intelligence requirements to support the managers’ decision-making tasks. Thirtyfour criteria for BI specifications are determined from a thorough review of the literature. The proposed model uses the fuzzy TOPSIS technique, which employs fuzzy weights of the criteria and fuzzy judgments of port community systems to compute the evaluation scores and rankings. The application of the model is realized in the evaluation, ranking and selecting of the needed port community systems in a port and maritime organization, in order to validate the proposed model with a real application. With utilizing the proposed model organizations can assess, select, and purchase port community systems which will provide a better decision-support environment for their business systems.
Application of multi-criteria optimisation in marina planning on the Montenegrin coast
Authors: Tomovic Sreten , Sekulic Goran
Published: August 2014

Development of nautical tourism in Montenegro, seen as a potentially profitable industry segment has started twenty years ago. The first steps taken in this direction were defining the legal framework, in particular: Law on Coastal Zone, Tourism Master Plan of Montenegro, Law on Yachts, followed by establishment of supporting organizations - Maritime Safety Department of Montenegro, Port Authorities and Border Police Department. Having invested efforts in adoption of planning documents and enactment of legislation relating to nautical tourism in recent period, Montenegro is seeking to impose itself as an important nautical destination. The first serious step towards achieving this goal was construction of a world-class marina Porto Montenegro in Tivat in 2010. The Special Purpose Spatial Plan for Coastal Zone provides for development of network of marinas to be constructed on the Montenegrin Coast. In the light of this, contribution of this paper is reflected in application of multi-criteria optimization in defining an optimum order of marina construction. The paper defines selection of criterion functions from the aspects of ecology, economy, security, specific aspect and aspect of suitability assessment for the location. The paper also presents the process of defining different criterion weights. The multi-criteria analysis determines a compromise solution for marina planning at Montenegrin Coast, which reconciles conflicting interests. The compromise solution is only a proposal, while a final decision remains with a decision maker.
Deep-sea Benthic Ostracodes from Multiple Core and Epibenthic Sledge Samples in Icelandic Waters
Authors: Yasuhara Moriaki , Grimm Maria , Brandão Simone N. , Jöst Anna , Okahashi Hisayo , Iwatani Hokuto , Ostmann Alexandra , Martínez Arbizu Pedro
Published: August 2014

Deep-sea benthic Ostracoda (Crustacea) in Icelandic waters are poorly known. Here we report deep-sea ostracode assemblages from the multiple core (MUC) and the epibenthic sledge (EBS) samples collected from Icelandic waters by the first cruise of the IceAGE (Icelandic Marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology) project. Samples from shelf-edge and lower-bathyal working areas are examined. The results show (1) distinct MUC and EBS faunas due to the large difference in mesh size of MUC and EBS; and (2) distinct shelf-edge and lower-bathyal ostracode faunas. Such remarkable faunal turnover from shelf to bathyal depths is similar to the faunal turnovers reported from depth transects in the adjacent regions of the western North Atlantic Ocean, the Greenland Sea, and the North Sea, but, at the same time, there are certain differences in the faunal composition between the Icelandic waters and these adjacent regions. In addition, we illustrate many Icelandic deep-sea ostracode species with high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and composite all-in-focus stereomicroscopic images for the first time. These results provide important basic information on deep-sea ostracode research and biogeography of this important region connecting North Atlantic proper and Nordic Seas.
Molecular Species Delimitation of Icelandic Brittle Stars (Ophiuroidea)
Authors: Khodami Sahar , Martinez Arbizu Pedro , Stöhr Sabine , Laakmann Silke
Published: August 2014

Brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) comprise over 2, 000 species, all of which inhabit marine environments and can be abundant in the deep sea. Morphological plasticity in number and shape of skeletal parts, as well as variable colors, can complicate correct species identification. Consequently, DNA sequence analysis can play an important role in species identification. In this study we compared the genetic variability of the mitochondrial cytochrome c subunit I gene (COI) and the nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU, 18S rDNA) to morphological identification of 66 specimens of 11 species collected from the North Atlantic in Icelandic waters. Also two species delimitation tools, Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) and General Mixed Yule Coalescence Method (GMYC) were performed to test species hypotheses. The analysis of both gene fragments was successful to discriminate between species and provided new insights into some morphological species hypothesis. Although less divergent than COI, it is helpful to use the SSU region as a complementary fragment to the barcoding gene.
Benthic Habitats Around Iceland Investigated During the IceAGE Expeditions
Authors: Meißner Karin , Brenke Nils , Svavarsson Jörundur
Published: August 2014

During the IceAGE (Icelandic marine Animals – Genetics and Ecology) expeditions in waters around Iceland and the Faroe Islands in 2011 and 2013, visual assessments of habitats and the study of surface sediment characteristics were undertaken in 119–2750 m water depth. Visual inspection was realized by means of an epibenthic sled equipped with a digital underwater video camcorder and a still camera. For determination of surface sediment characteristics a subsample of sediment from box corer samples or different grabs was collected and analyzed in the lab. Muddy bottoms predominated in the deep basins (Iceland Basin, Irminger Basin, deep Norwegian and Iceland Seas), while sand and gravel dominated on the shelves and the ridges, and in areas with high currents. Organic contents were highest in the deep Norwegian and Iceland Seas and in the Iceland Basin, and at these sites dense aggregations of mobile epibenthic organisms were observed. Large dropstones were abundant in the Iceland Sea near the shelf and in the Denmark Strait. The dropstones carried diverse, sessile epibenthic fauna, which may be underestimated using traditional sampling gear. The paper supplies new background information for studies based on IceAGE material, especially studies related to ecology and taxonomy.
Zoidbergus, A New Genus of Apseudidae (Tanaidacea) with Remarks on Apseudes Siegi and Apseudes Vitjazi
Authors: Jóźwiak Piotr
Published: August 2014

Zoidbergus, a new genus of Apseudidae, is described for deep-water Tanaidacea classified previously in the genusApseudes:A. abyssalis,A. lagenirostris,A. paragracilis,A. tenuimanus,A. tenuisandA. vicinus. The new genus differs fromApseudes s. str. by having acute eyelobes without visual elements, elongated second article of mandibular palp, and carpus of pereopods 2–3 longer than or as long as propodus.Zoidbergusgen. n. can also be distinguished fromApseudes s. str. by the lack of large bases of pereopods 5–6 covered by numerous plumose setae as well as the lack of dense plumose setation on lateral margins of pereonites and pleonites. By general body habitus and structure of pereopodsZoidbergusgen. n. resembles the apseudid genusLeviapseudes, although the genera can be distinguished by the presence of leaf-shaped seta and elongated pereonites 3–6 inLeviapseudes. Based on specimens collected during the IceAGE1 Cruise in September 2011,Zoidbergus tenuisis redescribed and morphology of an undescribed speciesZoidbergussp. A is provided. Supplementary description forZoidbergus vicinusis given based on type material from Statens Naturhistoriske Museum, University of Copenhagen. Additionally comments on the other deep waterApseudesspecies:A. siegiandA. vitjazi, are given.
Coherently enhanced measurements in classical mechanics
Authors: Braun Daniel , Popescu Sandu
Published: August 2014

In all quantitative sciences, it is common practice to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of noisy measurements by measuring identically prepared systems N times and averaging the measurement results. This leads to a scaling of the sensitivity as 1/√N, known in quantum measurement theory as the “standard quantum limit” (SQL). It is known that if one puts the N systems into an entangled state, a scaling as 1/N can be achieved, the socalled “Heisenberg limit” (HL), but decoherence problems have so far prevented implementation of such protocols for large N. Here we show that a method of coherent averaging inspired by a recent entanglement-free quantum enhanced measurement protocol is capable of achieving a sensitivity that scales as 1/N in a purely classical setup. This may substantially improve the measurement of very weak interactions in the classical realm, and, in particular, open a novel route to measuring the gravitational constant with enhanced precision.
New Aspects of Melasma/Novi aspekti melazme
Authors: Damevska Katerina
Published: August 2014

Melasma is a common cosmetic problem and its severity ranges from minor pigmentation during pregnancy that resolves spontaneously, to a chronic, troublesome, disfiguring condition. Today, there are various treatment modalities for melasma, providing a different success rate. The need for an effective treatment for melasma is becoming more and more significant probably due to the current lifestyles with increased UV exposure, broad use of hormones for contraception and hormone replacement therapy, as well as increasing esthetic demands. The mainstay of treatment is regular use of sunscreens along with topical medications suppressing melanogenesis. This review summarizes recent progress in understanding the pathophysiology of melasma and implications for new treatment strategies.
Biography of Dr. Đorđe-Đurica Đorđević, Founder of the Clinic for Skin and Venereal Diseases in Belgrade/Biografija dr Đorđa - Đurice Đorđevića, osnivača Klinike za dermatovenerologiju i venerologiju u Beogradu
Authors: Bosiljka Lalević-Vasić M.
Published: August 2014

Đorđe Đorđević, a Serb from Croatia, was born in Grubišno polje (Croatia) on April 22, 1885. He studied medicine in Vienna and graduated in 1909. Till 1912, he advanced his knowledge working at dermatology clinics with Prof. Finger and Prof. Arning, as well as with Prof. Weichselbaum, professor of pathological anatomy and bacteriology. From 1912 he worked in Zagreb, at the Dermatology Department of the Brothers of Mercy Hospital, and during World War I as a military doctor at the Dermatology Department and the Zagreb Outpatient Department (Second kolodvor). After the war, in 1918, he moved to Belgrade, where he was the Head of the Polyclinic for Skin and Venereal Diseases, and in 1922 he became an Assistant Professor of Dermatology at the School of Medicine in Belgrade. In the same year, he founded the Department of Dermatovenereology at the School of Medicine in Belgrade and the Clinic for Skin and Venereal Diseases, of which he was also the Head. In 1923, he became an Associate Professor, and in 1934 a Full Professor. He is given credit for passing legislation on prostitution and banning brothels.

The professional work of Prof. Đorđe Đorđević encompasses all areas of dermatology, including his special interest in experimental studies in the field of venereology. He organized medical-research trips to study people’s health status, and his teams visited the South Serbia (today Macedonia), Sandžak and Montenegro. In 1927, he founded the Dermatovenereology Section of the Serbian Medical Society (19) and the Association of Dermatovenereologists of Yugoslavia. He was the chairman of the I, II and III Yugoslav Congress of Dermatology in Belgrade, and of the II Congress of the Pan-Slavic Association of Dermatovenereologists with international participation. He was an honorary member of the Bulgarian, Czechoslovakian, Polish and Danish Dermatological Societies, as well as a regular member of the Association of French Speaking Dermatologists, and of French, German and Biology Society. He was the Vice dean of the School of Medicine.

He died suddenly on April 27, 1935, shortly after his 50th birthday, and was mourned by colleagues, friends and students.

On the first anniversary of his death, his family, friends and colleagues established a ”Foundation of Dr. Đorđe-Đurica Đorđević” meant for ”doctors and health workers”. Unfortunately, the foundation was disestablished in the early eighties of the 20th century.
Heat Stress and Thermal Strain Challenges in Running
Authors: Bergeron Michael F.
Published: August 2014

Synopsis

Running well and safely in the heat is challenging for all runners, from recreational to elite. As environmental heat stress (heat stress modulated or augmented by air temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation) and the intensity and duration of a training run or race increase, so are metabolic heat production, the parallel need for heat transfer from the body to maintain thermal equilibrium, the consequent increase in blood flow to the skin, and the concomitant sweating response progressively and proportionally amplified. An accumulating total body-water deficit from extensive sweating and escalating level of cardiovascular and thermal strain will, in due course, considerably challenge a runner's physiology, perception of effort, and on-course well-being and performance. However, with the appropriate preparation and modifications to planned running intensity and distance, runners can safely tolerate and effectively train and compete in a wide range of challenging environmental conditions. Clinicians play a key role in this regard as an effective resource for providing the most effective guidelines and making the best overall individual recommendations regarding training and competing in the heat. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(10):831–838. Epub 7 August 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5500
Genetic Diversity in Sadajira Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm
Authors: Islam MZ , Siddique MA , Rashid ESMH , Ahmed MS , Khalequzzaman M
Published: August 2014

Genetic diversity of 40 traditional Bangladeshi rice genotypes was studied under rainfed condition through Mahalanobis D2 statistic for grain yield and yield contributing characters. The genotypes were grouped into six clusters. The inter-cluster distances were higher than intra-cluster distances indicating wider genetic diversity among the genotypes of different clusters. The intra-cluster distances were lower in all the cases reflecting homogeneity of the genotypes within the clusters. The cluster VI contained the highest number of genotypes (18) and the clusters I and II contained the lowest (1). The highest intra-cluster distance was noticed for the cluster IV and lowest for cluster VI. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster I and IV, followed by cluster I and II, cluster I and III and the lowest between cluster III and IV. Regarding inter-cluster distance, the genotypes of cluster IV showed high genetic distance from all other clusters. The genotypes from cluster IV could be hybridized with the genotypes of other clusters for producing transgressive segregants. Based on canonical vector analysis, panicle number per plant and 1000 grain weight had maximum contribution towards genetic divergence. The highest cluster means for yield, filled grains panicle-1 and grain breadth were obtained from cluster VI. The highest means for plant height, flag leaf area, unfilled grains panicle-1, harvest index and the lowest growth duration were found in cluster I, while the lowest mean value for yield, grain length, 1000 grain weight, plant height and highest mean value for days to flowering and maturity were found in cluster II. The crosses between the genotypes/parents of cluster VI and cluster II, cluster VI and cluster V would exhibit high heterosis as well as higher level of yield potential. Therefore, more emphasis should be given for selection of the genotypes from clusters I, VI and V for future breeding program.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v12i1.19576The Agriculturists 2014; 12(1) 26-32
Evaluation of Three Botanicals, Bavistin and BAU-Biofungicide for Controlling Leaf Spot of Groundnut Caused by Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum
Authors: Hossain MH , Hossain I
Published: August 2014

A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of three selected botanicals namely leaf extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica), Debdaru (Polyalthia longifolia) and datura (black) (Datura metel) along with Bavistin (Carbendazim) and BAU-biofungicide (Trichoderma harzianum) against leaf spot disease (tikka) of groundnut caused by Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum at the Field Research Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during 2009-10. The most effective treatments were Bavistin, BAU-biofungicide (seed treatment + spray), BAU-biofungicide (spray) and leaf extract of Neem. Bavistin increased pod and dry haulm yield by 53.51 and 24-80 %, respectively. Maximum pod yield and dry haulm weight were recorded under Bavistin. BAU-biofungicide (seed treatment + spray) produced the second highest pod and dry haulm yield followed by leaf extract of Neem and BAU-biofungicide (spray). BAU-biofungicide (seed treatment + spray) and leaf extract of Neem may be recommended for controlling leaf spot disease of groundnut. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v12i1.19579 The Agriculturists 2014; 12(1) 41-49
Evaluation of Yield and Yield Contributing Characters of Heat Tolerant Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Genotypes in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman MH , Alam Patwary MM , Barua H , Hossain M , Nahar S
Published: August 2014

Eight heat tolerant CIP (International Potato Centre) potato genotypes along with BARI (Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute) Alu-7 (Diamant) and one local variety (Dohazari Sada) were evaluated at Agricultural Research Station, Pahartali, Chittagong during 2011-12 to identify heat tolerant genotypes from varieties and CIP clones of potato. Diamant and Dohazari Sada and all the heat tolerant CIP genotypes were found to grow well up to 60 DAP (days after planting) against heat having healthy plants and no senescence was noticed. After that 61-100% plants died due to high temperature (29.8oC) depending on the genotypes. Genotype CIP 139 gave the highest yield (14.18 t/ha) and was comparatively less affected by heat than the other genotypes. The high dry matter (22.43 %) accumulated in the local variety Dohazari Sada. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v12i1.19580 The Agriculturists 2014; 12(1) 50-55
Participation Potential of Rural Women in Different Homestead Farm Activities
Authors: Khatun MF , Hossain MK , Hossain KA , Rahman MM
Published: August 2014

The main purpose of the study was to determine the extent of participation of rural women in the cultivation of vegetables and fruit trees around the homestead areas. The study was conducted on married women of four selected villages of Raumari upazilla under Kurigram district. Data were collected from randomly selected 103 women by using pre-tested interview schedule during the month of May, 2013. In measuring the participation of rural women in homestead farm activities, cultivation of vegetables and fruit trees were considered as dependent variables. Each aspect consisted of 15 activities under three sub-headings. A three point Likert-type scale was used to measure each activity. The independent variables were measured by employing prevailing standard methods. Pearsons correlation coefficient (r) was used in order to explore the relationships between the concerned variables. About 59 percent of the rural women had high participation in vegetables cultivation while only 10.68 percent of them had low participation in the cultivation of fruit trees. Among 15 statements of different aspects in relation to vegetables cultivation, tilling by spade was ranked first. In case of the cultivation of fruit trees, the highest proportion (46.60 percent) of rural women had medium participation and irrigation after planting was in the first position. Agriculture knowledge, attitude and innovativeness had positive relationship with the cultivation of vegetables. On the other hand, education, family income, cosmopoliteness behaviour and attitude had positive relationship with the cultivation of fruit trees. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v12i1.19581 The Agriculturists 2014; 12(1) 57-67