bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of digital technology in epidemic control: a scoping review on COVID-19 and Ebola
Authors: Abebe Gossa Fetene , Alie Melsew Setegn , Yosef Tewodros , Asmelash Daniel , Dessalegn Dorka , Adugna Amanuel , Girma Desalegn
Published: January 2025

Objective

To synthesise the role of digital technologies in epidemic control and prevention, focussing on Ebola and COVID-19.

Design

A scoping review.

Data sources

A systematic search was done on PubMed, HINARI, Web of Science, Google Scholar and a direct Google search until 10 September 2024.

Eligibility criteria

We included all qualitative and quantitative studies, conference papers or abstracts, anonymous reports, editorial reports and viewpoints published in English.

Data extraction and synthesis

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews checklist was used to select the included study. Data analysis was performed using Gale’s framework thematic analysis method, resulting in the identification of key themes.

Results

A total of 64 articles that examined the role of digital technology in the Ebola and COVID-19 pandemics were included in the final review. Five main themes emerged: digital epidemiological surveillance (using data visualisation tools and online sources for early disease detection), rapid case identification, community transmission prevention (via digital contact tracing and assessing interventions with mobility data), public education messages and clinical care. The identified barriers encompassed legal, ethical and privacy concerns, as well as organisational and workforce challenges.

Conclusion

Digital technologies have proven good for disease prevention and control during pandemics. While the adoption of these technologies has lagged in public health compared with other sectors, tools such as artificial intelligence, telehealth, wearable devices and data analytics offer significant potential to enhance epidemic responses. However, barriers to widespread implementation remain, and investments in digital infrastructure, training and strong data protection are needed to build trust among users. Future efforts should focus on integrating digital solutions into health systems, ensuring equitable access and addressing ethical concerns. As public health increasingly embraces digital innovations, collaboration among stakeholders will be crucial for effective pandemic preparedness and management.
Neoadjuvant anti-PD-1-based immunotherapy: evolving a new standard of care
Authors: Topalian Suzanne L , Pardoll Drew M
Published: January 2025

Neoadjuvant (presurgical) anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)-based immunotherapy as a new approach to cancer treatment has been developing on an accelerated trajectory since the seminal clinical trial results from studies in lung cancer and melanoma were published in 2018. Groundbreaking regulatory approvals in triple-negative breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma will certainly be followed by additional approvals in other disease indications, as clinical and basic research are burgeoning globally in hundreds of clinical trials across dozens of cancer types. As this field is evolving, it is addressing gaps in our understanding of biological mechanisms underlying PD-1 pathway blockade and their synergy with other antineoplastic drugs, probing mechanisms of response and resistance to neoadjuvant immunotherapy, optimizing efficacious clinical strategies, and analyzing commonalities and differences across cancer types. Knowledge gained thus far provides a firm foundation from which to launch the next phase of translational research in this expanding arena of biomedical investigation.
Mechanical thrombectomy in elderly stroke patients with low ASPECTS: insights from STAR
Authors: Cunningham Conor , Hubbard Zachary , Abo Kasem Rahim , Elawady Sameh Samir , Sowlat Mohammad-Mahdi , Matsukawa Hidetoshi , Maier Ilko , Jabbour Pascal , Kim Joon-tae , Wolfe Stacey Q , Rai Ansaar T , Starke Robert M , Psychogios Marios-Nikos , Samaniego Edgar A , Goyal Nitin , Yoshimura Shinichi , Cuellar Hugo , Howard Brian M , Alawieh Ali , Alaraj Ali , Ezzeldin Mohamad , Romano Daniele G , Tanweer Omar , Mascitelli Justin R , Fragata Isabel , Polifka Adam J , Siddiqui Fazeel , Osbun Joshua W , Grandhi Ramesh , Crosa Roberto Javier , Matouk Charles , Park Min S , Levitt Michael R , Brinjikji Waleed , Moss Mark , Daglioglu Ergun , Williamson Richard , Navia Pedro , Kan Peter , De Leacy Reade Andrew , Chowdhry Shakeel A , Altschul David , Al Kasab Sami , Spiotta Alejandro M
Published: January 2025

Background

The elderly population (≥80 years) were underrepresented in recent trials of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke (LVO-AIS) with low Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) (≤5).

Methods

This study analyzed data from a prospectively maintained database of 37 thrombectomy centers. The primary cohort of the study comprised patients with LVO-AIS aged ≥80 who underwent EVT with ASPECTS≤5 from 2013 to 2023. The primary outcome was favorable modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–3. Propensity score matching (PSM) and multivariate regression were applied.

Results

In a study of 14 233 patients undergoing EVT, 1741 patients were 80 or older, with 122 presenting with low ASPECTS. While successful recanalization rates were similar between age groups, patients aged ≥80 had significantly lower favorable 90-day mRS scores and higher mortality before propensity score matching (PSM). After PSM, differences in mortality and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) were no longer significant. Among all elderly patients, higher ASPECTS was an independent predictor of a 90-day favorable outcome but was not associated with 90-day mortality. For patients aged ≥80 years with low ASPECTS, favorable outcomes were associated only with lower rates of atrial fibrillation, baseline functioning (mRS 0–1), fewer thrombectomy passes, and higher likelihood of first-pass reperfusion within 30 min of puncture.

Conclusion

While age ≥80 increases mortality and disability in patients with AIS and low ASPECTS, select elderly patients may still benefit from EVT when clinical factors are considered, supporting individualized treatment and better patient selection for future trials.
Efficacy and safety of mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke and left ventricular assist device: review of the literature and meta-analysis
Authors: Jazayeri Seyed Behnam , Al-Janabi Omar M , Alateya Aysha , Muhammad Sara , Ghozy Sherief , Rabinstein Alejandro A , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Kallmes David F
Published: January 2025

Background

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are used as definitive therapy or as a bridge to heart transplant in patients with advanced heart failure. Thromboembolic complications such as acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are common among patients with LVAD support. This study aims to evaluate the current evidence on the efficacy and safety of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with AIS due to large vessel occlusions (LVO) and LVAD-support.

Methods

A comprehensive systematic review was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus to find observational studies with reports of ≥5 MTs in adult patients with LVAD support (PROSPERO registration code CRD42024597541). Rates of successful and complete reperfusion, favorable functional outcomes at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2 or equal to pre-stroke mRS), mortality at 90 days, any intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and symptomatic ICH (sICH) were pooled using generalized linear mixed models.

Results

Eight studies were included with data from 51 patients and 62 MTs. The rate of successful reperfusion was 87.4% (95% CI 62.5% to 96.6%) and complete reperfusion rate was 57.3% (95% CI 35.1% to 76.9%). Rate of favorable functional recovery was 62.5% (95% CI 42.2% to 79.2%). Rate of sICH was 6.4% (95% CI 0.9% to 34.0%). Mortality rate was 16.7% (95% CI 7.1% to 34.7%). Between 25–40% of patients who were waiting for a heart transplant before their stroke received a heart transplant after MT.

Conclusions

MT for the emergent treatment of AIS in the setting of LVAD is relatively safe and efficacious for achieving successful reperfusion and good functional recovery.
Real-world treatment patterns and clinical characteristics in patients with moderate-to-severe systemic lupus erythematosus: an analysis of the SLE Prospective Observational Cohort Study (SPOCS)
Authors: Aringer Martin , Arnaud Laurent , Furie Richard A , Morand Eric F , Peschken Christine , Hoi Alberta , Desta Barnabas , Hedberg Jonatan , Grünfeld Eén Tina , Sorrentino Alessandro , Kielar Danuta , Tummala Raj , Chen Stephanie , Ding Bo
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease with heterogeneous treatment patterns largely based on organ involvement and disease severity. The SLE Prospective Observational Cohort Study (SPOCS) collected data worldwide over 3 years from patients with moderate-to-severe SLE. We report real-world patterns of medication use in patients enrolled in SPOCS.

Methods

Data were collected at study entry; patients were followed twice annually according to local practice. Disease activity (SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K)), average oral glucocorticoid dose and use of other treatments—specifically antimalarials, biologics and immunosuppressants—were measured over time. Subgroup analyses were stratified by baseline interferon gene signature (IFNGS) status and disease activity (SLEDAI-2K) status.

Results

Patient demographics and baseline characteristics were similar among subgroups; the majority of patients were on antimalarials (n=670; 81.1%), followed by glucocorticoids (n=537; 65.0%), immunosuppressants (n=453; 54.8%) and biologics (n=175; 21.2%). In the overall population, median (IQR) SLEDAI-2K scores decreased within 12 months (baseline: 8.0 (6.0–12.0); 12 months: 4.0 (2.0–8.0)) and remained stable thereafter. The mean (SD) daily oral glucocorticoid dose increased by 6 months (baseline: 6.0 (7.09); 6 months: 9.8 (8.67)) and remained stable thereafter. The proportion of patients who were on glucocorticoid doses >5 mg/day ranged from ~20% to 33% throughout the study. In subgroup analyses, patients with high IFNGS and high disease activity state (HDAS) at baseline used more immunosuppressants and glucocorticoids compared with those with low IFNGS and non-HDAS at baseline.

Conclusions

These findings underscore that SLE therapy is still often unable to reach goals as recommended by the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology, both with regard to glucocorticoid use and disease activity, suggesting that there is an unmet need for new treatment options for patients with SLE.

Trial registration number

NCT03189875; 16 June 2017.
The decay $$B\rightarrow K+\nu +\bar{\nu }$$ at Belle II and a massless bino in R-parity-violating supersymmetry
Authors: Wang Zeren Simon , Dreiner Herbert K. , Günther Julian Y.
Published: January 2025

Recently, announced evidence for the decay

$$B^+\rightarrow K^+ +\nu +\bar{\nu }$$

B
+

→

K
+

+
ν
+

ν

¯

at the

$$3.5\,\sigma $$

3.5

σ

significance, and measured the corresponding decay branching ratio to be

$$2.7\,\sigma $$

2.7

σ

above the Standard Model prediction. Here, we provide a theoretical explanation based on a massless bino in R-parity-violating (RPV) supersymmetry. With a single non-vanishing RPV coupling

$$\lambda '_{i23/i32}$$

λ

i
23
/
i
32

′

,

$$\lambda '_{i13/i33}$$

λ

i
13
/
i
33

′

, or

$$\lambda '_{i12/i22}$$

λ

i
12
/
i
22

′

, where

$$i=1,2,3$$

i
=
1
,
2
,
3

, the decay

$$B^+\rightarrow K^+ +\overset{\scriptscriptstyle (-)}{\nu _i}+ \tilde{\chi }^0_1$$

B
+

→

K
+

+

ν
i

(
-
)

+

χ
~

1
0

can be induced, which would lead to the same signature as

$$B^+\rightarrow K^+ +\nu +\bar{\nu }$$

B
+

→

K
+

+
ν
+

ν

¯

. Taking into account both theoretical and experimental uncertainties, we derive the regions of the parameter space spanned by the RPV couplings and sfermion masses that could accommodate the new measurement at various significance levels and obey the existing bounds simultaneously.
Stability analysis of cosmological model in f(T) gravity
Authors: Sarkar Upasana , Singh S. Surendra , Samaddar Amit
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we examine the stability condition of [Formula: see text] gravity theory where T is the Torsion scalar using interacting and non-interacting models with the help of dynamical system. We let the [Formula: see text] function be [Formula: see text], where T is Torsion scalar and [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are the arbitrary constants. We calculated the critical points and study the stability behavior for this model. We analyze the system’s phase graphs and examined the physical interpretation. We demonstrate all of the cosmological parameters including [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], q, and [Formula: see text] at each critical point and contrast them with values from observations. Then, we assume hybrid scale factor and transform it into the equation of redshift and time. Using this equation, we convert all the parameters into terms of redshift and analyze their behavior. Our model illustrates the Universe’s accelerating expansion. The energy conditions are examined in terms of redshift for the model. As a result, we conclude that our [Formula: see text] model is stable and all the observed values are in agreement with observations.
NEW PERSPECTIVE TO THE COUPLED FRACTIONAL NONLINEAR SCHRÖDINGER EQUATIONS IN DUAL-CORE OPTICAL FIBERS
Authors: WANG KANG-LE
Published: January 2025

In this paper, a fractional dual-core optical fiber model is considered, which is described as a coupled fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The fractional ([Formula: see text]-expansion method and fractional rational sinh–cosh function method have been successfully employed to derive various new soliton solutions for the coupled fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equations. These obtained solutions are of great significance for a deeper understanding of the corresponding physical phenomena. Finally, some 3D and 2D graphs are provided to elaborate the physical explanation of the obtained solutions.
Approximation of BV functions by neural networks: A regularity theory approach
Authors: Avelin Benny , Julin Vesa
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we are concerned with the approximation of functions by single hidden layer neural networks with ReLU activation functions on the unit circle. In particular, we are interested in the case when the number of data-points exceeds the number of nodes. We first study the convergence to equilibrium of the stochastic gradient flow associated with the cost function with a quadratic penalization. Specifically, we prove a Poincaré inequality for a penalized version of the cost function with explicit constants that are independent of the data and of the number of nodes. As our penalization biases the weights to be bounded, this leads us to study how well a network with bounded weights can approximate a given function of bounded variation (BV).

Our main contribution concerning approximation of BV functions, is a result which we call the localization theorem. Specifically, it states that the expected error of the constrained problem, where the length of the weights are less than [Formula: see text], is of order [Formula: see text] with respect to the unconstrained problem (the global optimum). The proof is novel in this topic and is inspired by techniques from regularity theory of elliptic partial differential equations. Finally, we quantify the expected value of the global optimum by proving a quantitative version of the universal approximation theorem.
Exploring some saturated and closed varieties of semigroups
Authors: Ahanger S. A. , Rashid Kulsooma , Bhat Manan Bashir
Published: January 2025

In a concrete category, a surjective morphism is always an epimorphism but the converse is not always true in the category of semigroups. However, the converse holds for saturated varieties of semigroups. There has been considerable effort invested in identifying saturated varieties of semigroups; however, achieving a complete characterization of these varieties still eludes researchers, posing an ongoing challenge. In this line of inquiry, we demonstrate that a semigroup variety conforming to the identity [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is any nontrivial permutation on the set {1, 2, 3} is indeed saturated. Additionally, we illustrate that the varieties defined by the identities [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are each closed.
Graph Transformations for Memory Peak Minimization by Scheduling
Authors: Fradet Pascal , Girault Alain , Honorat Alexandre
Published: January 2025

Many computing systems are constrained by a fixed amount of available shared memory. Modeling applications with task graphs or Synchronous DataFlow (SDF) graphs makes it possible to analyze and optimize their memory usage. The NP-complete problem studied here is to find a sequential schedule of dataflow graphs that minimizes their memory peak. We propose four task graph transformations that reduce the graph size while preserving the minimal memory peak. They are able to compress all Series-Parallel Directed Acyclic Graphs (SP-DAG) to a single node representing an optimal schedule (optimal in the sense that its memory peak is minimal). They also offer simple criteria to schedule optimally independent tasks and guided us to develop an optimal compositional scheduling analysis.

These transformations are quite effective and compress a large class of graphs into a single node representing an optimal schedule. When this is not the case, we propose an optimized branch and bound algorithm to complete the analysis of the reduced graphs. This algorithm is able to find the optimal schedule of graphs comprising up to 100 tasks. Our approach also applies to SDF graphs after converting them to task graphs. However, since this conversion may produce huge graphs, we also describe a new suboptimal method, similar to Partial Expansion Graphs, to reduce the graph and schedule sizes. We evaluate our approach on classic benchmarks, on which we always outperform the state-of-the-art.
Disentangled Multi-Graph Convolution for Cross-Domain Recommendation
Authors: Gao Yibo , Liu Zhen , Yang Xinxin , Lu Sibo , Yuan Yafan
Published: January 2025

Data sparsity poses a significant challenge for recommendation systems, prompting the research of Cross-Domain Recommendation (
CDR
). CDR aims to leverage more user-item interaction information from source domains to improve the recommendation performance in the target domain. However, a major challenge in CDR is the identification of transferable features. Traditional CDR methods struggle to distinguish between the various features of users, including domain-invariant features that are effective for feature transfer and domain-specific features that are detrimental to cross-domain information transfer. In this article, we aim to disentangle domain-invariant features and domain-specific features and effectively utilize these different features. This enables effective domain-to-domain information transfer by only transferring domain-invariant features while still considering the role of domain-specific features within their respective domains. Based on the superiority of graph structural feature learning and disentangled represent learning, we propose

\(\mathbf{DMGCDR}\)

—a model that learns
D
isentangled user feature representations and constructs a
M
ulti-
G
raph network for bidirectional knowledge transfer of shared features for
CDR
. Specifically, we designed two regularization terms to disentangle domain-invariant features and domain-specific features. Subsequently, we established a multi-graph convolutional network to enhance domain-specific features within single-domain graphs and transfer domain-invariant features across cross-domain graphs. Our approach also includes designing feature constraints to enhance the combination of features derived from different graphs and to uncover potential correlations among them. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets have demonstrated that our model significantly outperforms state-of-the-art CDR approaches.
Effect of High Temperature on the Corrosion Behavior and Passive Film Composition of 316L Stainless Steel in Concentrated NaOH Solution
Authors: Li Chunliu , Wang Ruishu , Jiang Yuting , Xie Hongwei , Liu Biao , Wang Shaona , Du Hao , Zhang Yi
Published: January 2025

Corrosion resistance to high temperature concentrated alkali solutions (>20 wt%) is very important for 316 L austenitic stainless steel (316 L SS). In this study, the effect of high temperature (130 °C) on the corrosion behavior and passive film composition of 316 L SS in 50 wt% NaOH solution was investigated by electrochemical methods, XPS, and AES. The results indicated that the corrosion resistance of passive films was significantly affected by temperature. When the temperature was increased from 40 °C to 130 °C, the passive current density increased by two orders of magnitude, and the number of film defects wer significantly increased as well. AES results showed that as the temperature increased from 40 °C to 130 °C, the passive film shifted from selective dissolution of Fe to dissolution of both Fe and Cr. The composition of the passive film shifted from being Cr-rich to Ni-rich. The outer layer of passive film on 316 L SS was mainly composed of Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3, FeCr2O4, NiO, Fe3O4, FeO, Fe2O3, and FeOOH at 40 °C, and was converted to Fe3O4, FeO, Fe2O3, FeOOH, Ni(OH)2, and NiFe2O4 at 130 °C. Additionally, Ni oxides and hydroxides exhibited excellent stability in the high-temperature concentrated NaOH solution.
Single-cell transcriptomics predict novel potential regulators of acute epithelial restitution in the ischemia-injured intestine
Authors: Rose Elizabeth C. , Simon Jeremy M. , Gomez-Martinez Ismael , Magness Scott T. , Odle Jack , Blikslager Anthony T. , Ziegler Amanda L.
Published: January 2025

These studies validate an approach to identify and predict upstream regulation of restituting epithelium in a unique pig intestinal ischemic injury model. Identification of potential molecular mediators of restitution, such as CSF-1, will inform the development of targeted therapeutic interventions for the medical management of patients with ischemia-mediated intestinal injury.
Recent advances on immunity and hypertension: the new cells on the kidney block
Authors: Dasinger John Henry , Abais-Battad Justine M. , McCrorey Marice K. , Van Beusecum Justin P.
Published: January 2025

Over the past 50 years, the contribution of the immune system has been identified in the development of hypertension and renal injury. Both human and experimental animal models of hypertension have demonstrated that innate and adaptive immune cells, along with their cytokines and chemokines, modulate blood pressure fluctuations and end organ renal damage. Numerous cell types of the innate immune system, specifically monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, present antigenic peptides to T cells, promoting inflammation and the elevation of blood pressure. These T cells and other adaptive immune cells migrate to vascular and tubular cells of the kidney and promote end-organ fibrosis, damage, and ultimately hypertensive injury. Through the development of high-throughput screening, novel renal and immune cell subsets have been identified as possible contributors and regulators of renal injury and hypertension. In this review, we will consider classical immunological cells and their contribution to renal inflammation, and novel cell subsets, including renal stromal cells, that could potentially shed new light on renal injury and hypertension. Finally, we will discuss how interorgan inflammation contributes to the development of hypertension and hypertension-related multiorgan damage, and explore the clinical implications of the immunological components of renal injury and hypertension.
Potential Molecular Mechanisms of Jiedutongluo Tiaoying Formula in Treating Hyperthyroidism Based on Network Pharmacology and In Vivo Experiments in Mice
Authors: Huang Xin , Chen Binqin , Xiao Xiaoli , Piao Chunli
Published: January 2025

Background: “Jiedutongluo Tiaoying Formula” (JDTLTYF) TCM prescriptions can effectively treat hyperthyroidism and effectively improve the condition of patients.

Methods: The main active ingredients of JDTLTYF were collected from the TCMSP database and the target was predicted. Genes related to hyperthyroidism were identified using DisGeNET, GeneCards and OMIM databases. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and interaction network of “formula-herb-active ingredient–target genes” was constructed. Mass spectrometry was used to identify the components. The binding of key components to the target was verified by molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. A hyperthyroidism mouse model was established using levothyroxine sodium tablets, and the hormone and expression levels of inflammatory factorswere examined by ELISA and western blot.

Results: The key genes of JDTLTYF in the treatment of hyperthyroidism were TNF and AKT1. The results of mass spectrometry also showed that quercetin was one of the main components. The results of molecular docking and MD simulation showed that the binding free energy between AKT1 and quercetin was the lowest and the binding was stable. In vivo experimental results showed that gastric lavage with JDTLTYF could target AKT1 and TNF-α, effectively alleviate the pathological features of hyperthyroidism in mice and reduce inflammation response.

Conclusion: This study elucidated the key small molecule compounds and their action targets of JDTLTYF in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. It provides a direction for the development of new drugs for clinical hyperthyroidism.
Psycho-physiological foundations of human physical activity behavior and motivation: Theories, systems, mechanisms, evolution, and genetics
Authors: Gerber Markus , Cheval Boris , Cody Robyn , Colledge Flora , Hohberg Vivien , Klimentidis Yann C. , Lang Christin , Looser Vera Nina , Ludyga Sebastian , Stults-Kolehmainen Matthew , Faude Oliver
Published: January 2025

Physical activity is a meaningful part of life, which starts before birth and lasts until death. There are many health benefits to be derived from physical activity, hence, regular engagement is recommended on a weekly basis. However, these recommendations are often not met. This raises the question: when and why are people motivated to be physically active? Attempts to explain the motivation for physical activity (or lack thereof) have been the research interest for many years and disciplines. In this review, we provide evidence suggesting that physical activity behavior and the psycho-physiological foundations thereof Physical activity is a meaningful part of life, which starts before birth and lasts until death. There are many health benefits to be derived from physical activity, hence, regular engagement is recommended on a weekly basis. However, these recommendations are often not met. This raises the question: when and why are people motivated to be physically active? Attempts to explain the motivation for physical activity (or lack thereof) have been the research interest for many years and disciplines. In this review, we provide evidence suggesting that physical activity behavior and the psycho-physiological foundations thereof are influenced by evolution, genetics, life stage, and the environment. The psycho-physiological foundations in turn comprise motivational and volitional factors as described in traditional psychological theories, psychological states and traits such as affective and stress reactions, as well as physiological states and systems (e.g. anatomical development and neural networks and transmitters). Importantly, physical activity elicits differential physiological responses and subjective experiences, which may impact future physical activity behavior and motivation. In summary, the interplay of psycho-physiological mechanisms and the importance of examining the ultimate mechanism for physical activity behavior are emphasized. The synthesis of knowledge provided in this review provides impetus for theory development and can facilitate the promotion of physically active lifestyles.
AI‐Enable Rice Image Classification Using Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network Models
Authors: Verma Daya Shankar , Dafadar Mrinal , Mishra Jitendra K. , Kumar Ankit , Mahato Shambhu
Published: January 2025

Rice is the most preferred grain worldwide, leading to the development of an automated method using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for classifying rice types. This study evaluates the effectiveness of hybrid CNN models, including AlexNet, ResNet50, and EfficientNet‐b1, in distinguishing five major rice varieties grown in Turkey: Arborio, Basmati, Ipsala, Jasmine, and Karacadag. It is estimated that there are 75,000 photographs of grains, with 15,000 images corresponding to each type. The training is improved by the use of preprocessing and optimization approaches. The performance of the model was assessed based on sensitivity, specificity, precision, F1 score, and confusion matrix analysis. The results show that EfficientNet‐b1 achieved an accuracy of 99.87%, which is higher than the accuracy achieved by AlexNet (96.00%) and ResNet50 (99.00%). This study shows that EfficientNet‐b1 is superior to other models that have emerged as state‐of‐the‐art automated classification models for rice varieties. This indicates that there is a balance between the computational efficiency and the accuracy of EfficientNet‐b1. These results exemplify the potential of CNN models for agriculture by reducing the restrictions associated with conventional classification approaches. These limitations include subjectivity and inconsistency regarding categorization.
Impact of Ultraviolet‐C Light on Softening and Senescence During Storage of Peach Fruit
Authors: Kan Juan , Gao Min , Dong Weixiao , Tang Chao , Qian Chunlu , Liu Jun
Published: January 2025

Ultraviolet‐C (UV‐C), as a physical preservation technology, has the advantages of energy saving, safety, and sanitation and has broad application prospects in fruit storage. In this study, peach cultivated “Xiahui 5” was used as material to investigate the impact of UV‐C on the softening, senescence, and postharvest quality of peaches. It was discovered that the application of UV‐C postponed the peak of respiration, retarded the loss of firmness, and inhibited ethylene biosynthesis during peach fruit storage. The UV‐C treatment led to the inhibition of the growth of soluble pectin content and the reduction of cellulose and hemicellulose content, together with the suppression of the activities of enzymes that break down cell walls. The application of UV‐C treatment resulted in an increase in the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of peach fruit, accompanied by a corresponding enhancement in the activities of glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). This contributed to maintain the fruit’s normal redox balance and antioxidant capacity. The application of UV‐C treatment resulted in a reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) content and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, thereby indicating that the oxidative damage of peach fruit during storage was inhibited by the UV‐C. The application of UV‐C maintained higher ATP content and induced the increase of cytochrome C oxidase (COX), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), H+K+‐ATPase, and Ca2+‐ATPase activities involved in energy metabolism and had a significant impact in maintaining cell energy status. The findings suggest that UV‐C treatment postpones peach fruit softening and senescence by maintaining cellular structure and energy homeostasis.
Resveratrol and Its Metabolites by Gut Microbiota Inhibit Human and Rat Gonadal 3β‐Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases: In Vitro Assay, Structure–Activity Relationship, and In Silico Docking Analysis
Authors: Zhai Yingna , Hu Chunnan , Li Huitao , Wang Yiyan , Wang Shaowei , Li Xiaoheng , Ge Ren-shan , Zhu Qiqi
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Resveratrol and its analogs have potential therapeutic usage. Resveratrol is metabolized to various metabolites by gut microbiota, including dihydroresveratrol, lunularin, pinostilbene, and oxyresveratrol. However, they might have side effects by inhibiting human gonadal 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (h3β‐HSD2) and rat homolog r3β‐HSD1, thereby interfering with steroid biosynthesis.

Methods: Herein, we analyzed the inhibitory strength via in vitro assay, mode of action, structure–activity relationship, and docking simulation of resveratrol analogs on 3β‐HSDs. Human KGN cell microsome was used as h3β‐HSD2 source, and 90‐day‐old male Sprague–Dawley rat testicular microsome was used as r3β‐HSD1 source. The conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone by 3β‐HSDs was analyzed.

Results: IC50 values for h3β‐HSD2 were 4,4′‐dihydroxystilbene (8.87 μM) > pinostilbene (10.51 μM) > resveratrol (50.04 μM) > lunularin (96.10 μM), while those for r3β‐HSD1 were pinostilbene (5.11 μM) > 4,4′‐dihydroxystilbene (15.16 μM) > resveratrol (26.58 μM) > lunularin (34.32 μM). Most resveratrol analogs were mixed/competitive inhibitors of both 3β‐HSDs. Lipophilicity (LogP) and lowest binding energy determined the inhibitory strength. Docking analysis showed that resveratrol and its analogs bind to the NAD+‐/steroid‐binding sites of 3β‐HSDs.

Conclusion: Resveratrol can inhibit both human and rat gonadal 3β‐HSDs, thereby interfering with the metabolism and concentrations of steroid hormones such as progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol.

Practical Application: Consequently, this interference could hold significance for conditions related to hormone imbalances, such as polycystic ovary syndrome and certain cancers. Disorders marked by elevated levels of androgens, like hyperandrogenism, might find therapeutic benefit from interventions aimed at modulating 3β‐HSD activity. Hence, resveratrol and its metabolites could present themselves as natural or supplementary treatment options for managing such conditions.
Complete γ‐th Moment Convergence for Weighted Sums Under WOD Setup
Authors: Zhang Qian , Wu Yi
Published: January 2025

By utilizing the Rosenthal‐type maximal moment inequality and truncation method, we mainly investigate the complete γ‐th moment convergence for weighted sums of widely orthant dependent random variables in this paper. Some sufficient conditions of complete moment convergence are obtained, which generalize some corresponding ones of negatively orthant dependent random variables in the literature.
Mapping Leadership in a Person‐Centred Care Context: A Scoping Review
Authors: Deuling Marieke , Bagchus Charlotte , Jacobs Gaby , Wallner Christian
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Recent decades have seen a significant increase in focus on person‐centred care. However, its implementation is complex. Person‐centred care is paradoxically simultaneously described as fundamental and as extra to the nursing practice. Although the significance of leadership for the delivery of person‐centred care is recognised, less is known about what this entails.

Objective: Mapping leadership in a context of person‐centred care.

Methods: The search strategy focuses on the two main concepts: leader(ship) and person‐centred care, with results limited to studies published between 2010 and 2023. A convergent data synthesis was performed, enabling an analysis of study characteristics and a thematic inductive analysis of qualitative, quantitative and theoretical studies in one.

Results: A total of 27 studies were included. In these studies, the leadership subjects are almost all related to a formal (leadership) position. The included studies reference several leadership components. These include person‐centred vision and culture, skills, being a role model, commitment/support, client engagement and facilitating forums and conditions for person‐centred care. All components regard interactions or relationships. These can be found on different levels, ranging from interactions with the self, colleagues, patients, within the team and in the organisation.

Conclusions: This review shows leadership as a concept connected to formal positions and roles and as a set of qualities, characteristics and/or skills of an individual. However, it also shows the importance of person‐centred vision and person‐centred culture in leadership. This includes an implicit focus on values of good care and on interactions or relationships. We propose explicating the latter two elements in a notion of person‐centred leadership as a starting point for improving nursing practice and training.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Spatial and Single-Cell Analyses Reveal Heterogeneity of DNAM-1 Receptor–Ligand Interactions That Instructs Intratumoral γδT-cell Activity
Authors: Wang Xiaolin , Wang Hui , Lu Zhengjing , Liu Xiangjun , Chai Wenjia , Wang Wei , Feng Jun , Yang Shen , Yang Wei , Cheng Haiyan , Chen Chenghao , Zhang Shihan , Sun Nian , Liu Qiaoyin , Li Qiliang , Song Wenqi , Jin Fang , Zeng Qi , Wang Shengcai , Su Yan , Wang Huanmin , Ni Xin , Gui Jingang
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Figure 5 The expression of CD112 and CD155 in tumor and para-tumor tissue sections detected by immunohistochemistry.
Table 2 from A Cost-Effective Two-Step Approach for Multi-Cancer Early Detection in High-Risk Populations
Authors: Geng Shuaipeng , Li Shiyong , Wu Wei , Chang Yinyin , Mao Mao
Published: January 2025

Sensitivity and specificity in case–control studies: OncoSeek, SeekInCare, two-step MCED, and Galleri
Figure 3 from A Cost-Effective Two-Step Approach for Multi-Cancer Early Detection in High-Risk Populations
Authors: Geng Shuaipeng , Li Shiyong , Wu Wei , Chang Yinyin , Mao Mao
Published: January 2025

Outcome of the two-step MCED approach in the case–control study. In the case–control cohort, the two-step MCED approach significantly improved specificity from 91.0% to 99.3%, whereas sensitivity decreased from 49.9% to 39.9%. ND, no detection; Neg, negative; Pos, positive.
Modelos de negócios para o aproveitamento energético de resíduos agropecuários e agroindustriais - Volume 1
Authors: Soares Fabio Rubens ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Energia e Ambiente, Lima Heleno Quevedo de ,   Universidade Federal do ABC, Garcilasso Vanessa ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Energia e Ambiente, Ferraz Junior Antônio Djalma ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Energia e Ambiente, Varkulya Junior Americo , Perecin Danilo
Published: January 2025

O objetivo desta obra é apresentar informações tecnológicas sobre a biodigestão anaeróbia para obtenção de biogás e seus derivados, bem como modelos de negócios para a produção de biogás, principalmente a originária dos dejetos animais. Em particular, apresenta-se o estudo de caso do Projeto Biogás do município de Toledo, no oeste do Paraná, que executa uma configuração pioneira de produção de biogás associada à obtenção de energia elétrica e biofertilizante. A documentação e a avaliação do Projeto disponibilizadas pelo estudo podem permitir que o modelo seja replicado em outras regiões do país, incrementando ainda mais a matriz energética brasileira com a utilização de fontes renováveis de energia e o reaproveitamento de resíduos. Esta obra integra o Projeto Sistemas de Energia do Futuro III , cujo principal objetivo é apoiar a integração das energias renováveis e eficiência energética no sistema brasileiro de energia.
Atrial Fibrillation Related Titin Truncation Is Associated With Atrial Myopathy in Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Disease Models
Authors: Huang Kate , Ashraf Mishal , Rohani Leili , Luo Yinhan , Sacayanan Ardin , Huang Haojun , Haegert Anne , Volik Stanislav , Sar Funda , LeBihan Stéphane , Liew Janet , Backx Peter H. , Roberts Jason D. , Tibbits Glen F. , Churko Jared M. , Sanatani Shubhayan , Collins Colin , Brunham Liam R. , Laksman Zachary
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Protein-truncating mutations in the titin gene are associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation. However, little is known about the underlying pathophysiology.

METHODS:

We identified a heterozygous titin truncating variant (TTNtv) in a patient with unexplained early onset atrial fibrillation and normal ventricular function. We generated patient-specific atrial- and ventricular-like induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and engineered heart tissue to evaluate the impact of the TTNtv on electrophysiology, sarcomere structure, contractility, and gene expression.

RESULTS:

We demonstrate that the TTNtv increases susceptibility to pacing-induced arrhythmia, promotes sarcomere disorganization, and reduces contractile force in atrial induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes compared with their CRISPR/Cas9-corrected isogenic controls. In ventricular induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, this variant was associated with abnormal electrophysiology and sarcomere organization without a reduction in contractile force compared with their isogenic controls. RNA-sequencing revealed an upregulation of cell adhesion and extracellular matrix genes in the presence of the TTNtv for both atrial and ventricular engineered heart tissues.

CONCLUSIONS:

In a patient with unexplained atrial fibrillation, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes with a TTNtv showed structural and electrophysiological abnormalities in both atrial and ventricular models, while only atrial engineered heart tissues demonstrated reduced contractility. The observed chamber-specific effect suggests that structural disorganization and reduced contractile function may be associated with atrial myopathy in the presence of truncated titin.
Contextualising Aristides’ Speech
Authors: Masunaga Masataka
Published: January 2025

This paper attempts to identify the as yet undetermined spatial context of the encomium ‘Panegyric in Cyzicus’ by Aelius Aristides (Or. 27), on the assumption that the text of the speech reflects the space in which it was delivered. First, it is shown that with respect to promoting mediation between factions, the Cyzicus oration is related to other speeches of Aristides, which were apparently delivered in council chambers. Furthermore, we would argue that the quotations from classical works in the oration, which compare the situation at Aristides’ time with past individuals and scenarios, also imply its spatial context. Consequently, it is considered likely that the Cyzicus oration was delivered in the city’s council chamber.
Knowledge on Trauma, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Parental Bonding in a Sample of Italian Teachers
Authors: Surcinelli Paola , Montebarocci Ornella , Giovagnoli Sara
Published: January 2025

Adverse Childhood Experiences encompass traumatic events in childhood, such as abuse and neglect. Early identification of trauma is vital for children's well-being and long-term mental health, highlighting the importance of school and family interventions. This research examines teachers' knowledge of physical and behavioural signs of childhood trauma in preschool and school-age children. It assesses their ability to identify trauma indicators, explores their perceptions of knowledge and training needs, and investigates the prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences and the influence of perceived parental styles on trauma experiences. Participants were 84 female teachers working in kindergartens and primary schools. Results show that the knowledge possessed by teachers may be insufficient for the identification of signs and symptoms of trauma. In fact, they are the first to perceive their knowledge as relatively inadequate and to show the need for further specialist training. The importance of continuous professional development for teachers is emphasized, as it can enhance their ability to recognize trauma-related signs and implement appropriate support strategies. In the present study, teachers' personal experiences with adverse events do not influence their knowledge of trauma. However, maternal care was negatively correlated with the likelihood of experiencing adverse or traumatic events. This finding aligns with existing literature on the protective role of caregiving, emphasizing the need for early interventions targeting parents from childhood.
Understanding the Atmospheric Dynamics over High-Altitude Glaciated Regions in the Central Himalayas Using High-Resolution Numerical Simulations
Authors: Tiwari Ujjwal , Bush Andrew B. G.
Published: January 2025

The atmospheric dynamics over the higher Himalayas play a crucial role in controlling glacier variability and ultimately regulating downstream water availability. However, the paucity of station observations makes exploring these atmospheric dynamics challenging. To address these issues, we employed a high-resolution configuration of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model with a 2-km convection-permitting grid scale to simulate atmospheric variables over the central Himalayas. We analyze the atmospheric variables over three high-altitude glaciated regions, namely, the Langtang, Rolwaling, and Everest regions, in the central Himalayas. The model reproduces precipitation and temperature seasonality well, with the model precipitation displaying better agreement with the station data and outperforming the satellite observations. Furthermore, we investigate the spatial variability of precipitation during the monsoon and winter seasons and explore the associated dynamics by computing the vertically integrated moisture transport (VIMT) and vertically integrated moisture flux divergence (VIMFD). The VIMT and VIMFD analyses reveal that the valleys that meridionally dissect the Himalayas transport the moisture from the Indo-Gangetic Plains to the higher Himalayas, and the sharp rise in elevation results in moisture convergence and precipitation, with the results that the ridges and windward slopes accumulate more precipitation than the leeward slopes and valleys. The orographic effect on moisture convergence, cloud formation, and precipitation consequently controls the glacier energy balance. During the monsoon season, the enhancement of net radiation by thick monsoon cloud cover, coupled with added latent heat and reduced albedo from the dominant liquid precipitation below 5000 m MSL, increases the melt energy, promoting glacier melt.
Family Support and Migration in Nigeria
Authors: Tuki Daniel
Published: January 2025

Using novel large-N survey data collected from the state of Edo – Nigeria's migration epicentre – this study examines how family support relates to people's migration aspirations and their perception of the risks associated with migrating to Europe. The regression results reveal that family support positively correlates with migration aspirations and raises people's confidence in their chances of reaching Europe should they decide to migrate, effectively decreasing their perception of migration risks. Women are less optimistic about reaching Europe than men.