bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The agential qualities of silence in post-observation feedback sessions
Authors: Bąk-Średnicka Anna
Published: November 2024

This study explores silence in a corpus of university supervisors’ (USs) utterances in the context of post-observation feedback conferences (POFCs) with their Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) supervisees. The USs’ utterances and corre­sponding silences were divided into educative, supportive and evaluative conversational frames (Long et al. 2013), with a view to discovering the extent and nature of the silent spells within these frames. It appears that silent spells within the educative frame type were a powerful means of communication comparable to reflection hubs, which could be allocated to increased “wait time” (Rowe 1972) or “slow-time” (Bruneau 1973) and could also be considered examples of social or commission silences. The agential quali­ties of this silence, though, can in certain cases be disempowered due to a tutee’s close-mindedness towards what happened during their lessons. Conversely, silent moments in the evaluative frame served to recall the observed lessons and included examples of empirical silence or omissive silence that the USs failed to use. This ethnographic research on USs’ silence is an extension of previous studies on USs’ POFCs discourse, and the self-analysis is a self-awareness-raising-tool in order that USs may become more cognizant of the ways POFCs are managed.
The semantic functions of šübür ‘bad; wrong; evil’ in a Middle Chulym translation of St. Mark’s Gospel
Authors: Pomorska Marzanna
Published: November 2024

The recent years have witnessed the publication of new lexical data from Middle Chulym, one of the still underresearched and poorly described Turkic languages of Siberia. Among these materials is the 2019 translation of the Gospel according to St Mark. Its publication has provided researchers with an extensive text that can serve as a foundation for further linguistic studies. The article aims to present conclusions stemming from the analysis of this translation with the aim of resolving issues arising from the fact that the language lacks lexical items denoting specific referents. Given the extensive nature of the material, it is not possible to present all the findings of the analysis in the confines of a brief article. Therefore, our focus is on the semantics of the word šübür adj. & n. ‘bad; wrong; evil’ in the translation of the Gospel.
Diamond Open Access: A Viable Approach to Scholarly Communication
Authors: Peruginelli Ginevra , Faro Sebastiano
Published: November 2024

In the last twenty years, the Open Access (OA) movement has significantly altered the landscape of academic publishing, advocating for economic models such as transformative agreements and Article Processing Charges (APCs). However, the APC model has faced criticism due to its associated inequalities and questionable sustainability. As a result, the Diamond OA model has emerged as a more equitable and inclusive alternative, as it does not impose financial burdens on authors or readers. Instead, it relies on funding from grants and institutional support, thereby fostering bibliodiversity and enhancing accessibility. The viability of this model hinges on the collaborative use of shared resources and infrastructure, along with ongoing backing from research organizations and institutions. In Italy, despite the increasing prevalence of OA publications, the market continues to be dominated by both large and small commercial publishers. This situation highlights the urgent need for enhanced public support and the implementation of strategies aimed at financing and sustaining Diamond OA journals.
İstanbul’un Bir Yüzü Romanında Retorik Bir Araç Olarak Güvenilmez Anlatıcı
Authors: Erten Halil
Published: November 2024

Modern Türk edebiyatının başlangıcından itibaren didaktik sese sahip olan veya sahip olmayan anlatıcıların yer aldığı eleştiri amaçlı ironik veya ironik olmayan eleştirel anlatılarla karşılaşılabilir. Modernist ve postmodernist eleştirel anlatılar güvenilmez anlatıcıya (unreliable narrator) sahip olarak görülebilir ancak İstanbul’un Bir Yüzü romanında görülebildiği gibi güvenilmez anlatıcı (untrustworthy narrator) kullanımı ile ironisini kuran geleneksel gerçekçi romanları gözlemlemek oldukça zordur. Makalenin amacı da bu ayrıksı duruma dikkat çekerek, İstanbul’un Bir Yüzü romanında güvenilmez anlatıcı kullanımını tespit ederek değerlendirmektir. Bu amaçla öncelikle güvenilmez anlatıcı kavramı ve bu kavram çevresindeki farklı fikirlere değinilmiştir. Güvenilmez anlatıcının ne olduğu, nasıl tespit edildiği ve işlevleri üzerine üretilmiş fikirlere yer verilmiştir. Önce güvenilmez anlatıcı konusunun merkezinde yer alan ima edilen yazar kavramı açıklanmış, bu kavram hakkındaki genel kabule olan itiraz ve ekleme dile getirilmiştir. Ardından anlatıcıyı güvenilmez yapan ima edilen yazarın normları ve anlatıcının normları arasındaki mesafe roman içerisindeki örneklerle gösterilmiştir. Son olarak güvenilmez anlatıcı (untrustworthy narrator) kullanımının metin içerisinde oluşturabildiği sorunlar ele alınmış ve bunların İstanbul’un Bir Yüzü romanında nasıl ortaya çıktığı ve kısmen nasıl üstesinden gelindiği gösterilmiştir.
The Interdisciplinary Research Programme of Methodological Individualism: Back to Its Foundations
Authors: Bellido Francisco J.
Published: November 2024

According to methodological individualism any scientific explanation in the social sciences should have recourse to individual beliefs, wishes, intentions and actions. This article sets forth two practical reasons to endorse a clear-cut, classical version of methodological individualism as a research programme in the social sciences. The first one is that methodological individualism should lead to fundamental heuristic hypotheses. The second reason is that methodological individualism has the epistemological strength of producing statements open to logical refutation.The present article questions highly sophisticated accounts of methodological individualism. It suggests instead four tenets to be a valid research programme in the social sciences underscoring an intuitive language to analyze social phenomena. By doing so, it reviews some distinctive features of methodological individualism: Max Weber’s ideal types, Joseph Schumpeter’s notion of given behaviour, Friedrich Hayek’s concept of individual action and Jon Elster’s account of explanatory mechanisms.
NEUROTECNOLOGIA APLICADA À EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Rezende Guelly Urzêda de Mello , Hungaro Fernanda , Campos Luciane Domingues de , Mafra Mackson Azevedo , Caiado Magno Antonio Cardozo
Published: November 2024

Esta pesquisa analisou a aplicação da neurotecnologia no contexto educacional, focando nas estratégias inovadoras para otimização da aprendizagem. O problema central investigado foi identificar como as tecnologias baseadas em neurociência podem aprimorar os processos de ensino-aprendizagem. O objetivo geral foi analisar a implementação de ferramentas neurotecnológicas no ambiente educacional, destacando seu impacto na otimização da aprendizagem e no desenvolvimento cognitivo dos estudantes. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão bibliográfica, com abordagem qualitativa, incluindo a análise de materiais publicados como artigos científicos, livros, teses e documentos técnicos sobre neurotecnologia educacional. Os resultados indicaram que a integração de neurotecnologias no ambiente educacional proporciona benefícios significativos, como personalização do aprendizado, monitoramento cognitivo em tempo real e desenvolvimento de estratégias pedagógicas baseadas em evidências neurocientíficas. As práticas implementadas variam desde o uso de interfaces cérebro-computador até sistemas de neuromonitoramento adaptativo. A pesquisa destacou a importância de uma abordagem integrada que considere aspectos técnicos, pedagógicos e éticos na implementação dessas tecnologias. As considerações finais apontaram que, embora promissora, a neurotecnologia educacional ainda enfrenta desafios de implementação e acessibilidade. Investimentos em infraestrutura, capacitação docente e desenvolvimento de protocolos éticos são essenciais para maximizar os benefícios dessas inovações. A necessidade de estudos futuros foi ressaltada para explorar novas aplicações e avaliar impactos a longo prazo.
EDUCAÇÃO SEM FRONTEIRAS
Authors: Godoy Daniela Rodrigues de , Costa Clidson Monteiro da , Queiroz Davi Cipriano de , Silva Monyque Kely Pinto Ribeiro Candido da , Santos Vanessa Aparecida Barbosa da Costa
Published: November 2024

A educação desempenha um papel imprescindível nas relações humanas e é dentro deste contexto social que o sujeito se desenvolve de maneira pessoal, profissional e social. E a educação a distância tem se destacado como uma ferramenta eficaz para promover a inclusão educacional em diversos contextos, promovendo a personalização do aprendizado e eliminando barreiras geográficas, econômicas e sociais. Observou-se que a EAD é um recurso para as pessoas que anseiam por um processo educativo mais flexível, democrático e aberto, no qual o foco são os alunos e tutores, atuando como sujeitos de uma educação concreta, significativa e inclusiva. Ressalta-se a importância de refletir sobre a responsabilidade de preparar todos os envolvidos para essa nova modalidade de ensino, buscando alternativas para suprir as deficiências digitais. Em conclusão, o objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer e apresentar a educação a distância como perspectiva para a educação do futuro, identificando os benefícios e desafios da EAD.  O presente artigo teve como metodologia uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o tema.
PRÁTICAS INCLUSIVAS EXITOSAS
Authors: Ribeiro Elson José , Camargo Neuza Maria Guimarães Franco , Rocha Lindomar da , Dutra Caíque Alves Rocha , Angelo Joseane Nascimento Lima da Silva
Published: November 2024

O estudo investigou as práticas inclusivas nas escolas brasileiras, com foco em identificar os fatores que contribuem para o sucesso da inclusão e avaliar o impacto das políticas públicas e da formação de educadores. O objetivo geral foi analisar como as práticas inclusivas são implementadas e quais aspectos são determinantes para sua eficácia. A metodologia utilizada foi uma revisão bibliográfica, que incluiu a análise de artigos acadêmicos, livros e relatórios sobre o tema. Foram examinados estudos de caso, experiências de educadores e alunos, e as políticas públicas relacionadas à inclusão escolar. Os resultados indicaram que as políticas públicas desempenham um papel fundamental no sucesso das práticas inclusivas, fornecendo recursos e diretrizes essenciais para sua implementação. Além disso, a formação contínua dos educadores foi identificada como um fator fundamental para a eficácia das práticas, pois permite que os profissionais estejam preparados para atender às necessidades diversificadas dos alunos. A análise revelou que as experiências de educadores e alunos oferecem uma perspectiva prática importante sobre as práticas inclusivas, destacando tanto os avanços quanto os desafios enfrentados nas escolas. As percepções desses grupos foram importantes para entender a adequação das estratégias de inclusão e identificar áreas que necessitam de melhorias. As considerações finais ressaltaram a importância de uma abordagem integrada que considere políticas públicas, formação de educadores e experiências vividas para o sucesso da inclusão escolar. O estudo sugeriu a necessidade de pesquisas para explorar como diferentes contextos influenciam a eficácia das práticas inclusivas.
MÍDIAS DIGITAIS
Authors: Silva Mille Anne Ribeiro da , Alarcão Luciana Sousa Teixeira , Oliveira Teresa Helena Batelli de
Published: November 2024

As mídias digitais têm revolucionado a forma como informações são compartilhadas e conhecimentos são construídos, especialmente no âmbito educacional. Este estudo analisa o impacto das mídias digitais na conexão de saberes em tempo real e suas implicações para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Através de uma abordagem qualitativa, baseada em revisão bibliográfica sistemática de fontes acadêmicas brasileiras dos últimos 5 anos, a pesquisa examina como as plataformas digitais, redes sociais e ferramentas colaborativas online estão transformando a dinâmica educacional. Os resultados indicam que a integração eficaz de mídias digitais pode promover aprendizagem colaborativa, pensamento crítico e habilidades de alfabetização digital. Observou-se que o sucesso dessa integração depende da capacitação dos educadores, da implementação de estratégias pedagógicas inovadoras e do desenvolvimento de infraestrutura tecnológica adequada. Desafios significativos foram identificados, incluindo a necessidade de combater a desinformação, garantir a equidade no acesso digital e desenvolver competências de curadoria de conteúdo. A pesquisa destaca o potencial das mídias digitais para criar ambientes de aprendizagem mais dinâmicos e conectados globalmente. Conclui-se que a utilização estratégica das mídias digitais representa uma oportunidade de transformar a educação, exigindo uma abordagem crítica e reflexiva para maximizar seus benefícios e mitigar riscos potenciais.
Exportaciones de cacao ecuatoriano y su incidencia en la producción durante el período 2008-2023
Authors: Mendoza Daniela , García Odalys , Rivera Velasco José Luis , Jadán Katty
Published: November 2024

Ecuador ha mantenido una posición destacada en el mercado global del cacao debido a la alta calidad de su producto, reconocido mundialmente por su aroma y sabor. La calidad superior del cacao ecuatoriano ha sido un factor clave en el incremento de las exportaciones, especialmente hacia mercados exigentes como el europeo.  Utilizando un enfoque cuantitativo, se recolectaron datos de series temporales anuales del Banco Central del Ecuador, ANEC e INEC para el periodo 2008-2023. El diseño fue no experimental y longitudinal, proporcionando descripciones detalladas y mediciones del impacto de las variables estudiadas. Los principales destinos de exportación fueron Estados Unidos, Países Bajos, México, Alemania, Bélgica e Italia, con un aumento significativo en las exportaciones hacia Estados Unidos en 2015. Factores económicos como la volatilidad de los precios y las inversiones en tecnología, así como factores climáticos y sociales, afectaron las variaciones en las exportaciones. Las políticas gubernamentales y el apoyo al sector cacaotero, como el Plan Nacional del Cacao, fueron esenciales para mitigar los efectos negativos y fomentar la sostenibilidad y competitividad del cacao ecuatoriano. En conclusión, el estudio resalta la importancia de las políticas integradas y el uso de tecnologías avanzadas para fortalecer la posición de Ecuador en el mercado global del cacao, contribuyendo al desarrollo social y económico del país
Inteligencia artificial transformando la gestión de inversiones económicas hacia un nuevo modelo de inversión gerencial
Authors: Sánchez Hernández Carlos Román , Belisario Castillo Manuel Alejandro
Published: November 2024

La inteligencia artificial está revolucionando la gestión de inversiones económicas, transformando los enfoques tradicionales hacia un nuevo modelo más eficiente y adaptativo. Este cambio se debe a la capacidad de la IA para analizar grandes volúmenes de datos en tiempo real, lo que permite a los gerentes de inversión tomar decisiones más informadas y rápidas. Uno de los principales beneficios de la IA en este contexto es su habilidad para identificar patrones y tendencias en el mercado que podrían pasar desapercibidos para los analistas humanos. Herramientas como el aprendizaje automático y el procesamiento del lenguaje natural facilitan la evaluación del sentimiento del mercado, analizando noticias financieras y redes sociales para prever movimientos en los precios de los activos. Además, la IA permite la personalización de las estrategias de inversión. Los algoritmos pueden adaptarse a las preferencias y tolerancias al riesgo de cada inversor, creando portafolios más alineados con sus objetivos financieros. Esto no solo mejora el rendimiento potencial, sino que también optimiza la experiencia del usuario. Sin embargo, esta transformación también plantea desafíos. La dependencia excesiva de algoritmos puede llevar a situaciones donde se ignoren factores humanos o eventos imprevistos que afectan el mercado. La regulación y la ética en el uso de IA son aspectos cruciales que deben abordarse para evitar riesgos asociados a decisiones automatizadas. En conclusión, la inteligencia artificial está reconfigurando el panorama de las inversiones económicas, ofreciendo herramientas innovadoras que mejoran la eficiencia y efectividad de las decisiones gerenciales. A medida que esta tecnología continúa evolucionando, su integración en la gestión financiera promete redefinir cómo los inversionistas interactúan con los mercados.
Evaluasi Pelatihan Kepemimpinan Administrator dalam Implementasi Program Pengembangan Kepegawaian di Pusat Pengembangan Kepegawaian ASN Badan Kepegawaian Negara
Authors: Octiorizaldy Deffryan , Ahmad Masduki , Rochanah Siti
Published: November 2024

This study aims to find out the results of the Evaluation of Leadership Training of Administrators in the Implementation of Competence Development Programmes at the ASN Competency Development Centre of the State Competition Agency using the CIPP evaluation model. (Context, Input, Process, Product). The evaluation results consist of 4 CIPP components, showing that: 1) On the Context component, Peg ASN BKN has a basis in the maintenance of the PKA program, the purpose of the maintenance is in accordance with the maintenance guidelines, as well as the analysis of the needs of the program in conformity with the Maintenance Guidelines; 2) On the Input component Peg Asn BKN have a good SDM, according to the LAN standard, have the budgeting documentation and curriculum that conforms to the maintenance directives, and complete prasarana means; 3) On the Process component from the planning process until the evaluation process is carried out with policy measures; 4) On the Product component in view of the assessment results, the goal of PKA programme maintenance has been achieved. Other findings were obtained, namely: 1) There are more tasks where to get caught into the organizing committee and widyaiswara; 2) Additional learning studio facilities; 3) Socialization through social media and online registration. As for the recommendation to the organizer, in forming a team in a training maintenance to give his task is not excessive or two responsibilities, thus will improve efficiency and efficiency in a job.
Pelaksanaan "Aplikasi Woka Abt" untuk Penilaian Efisiensi di Sekolah Menengah Atas
Authors: Nuryadi Adi , Rakhmah EL , Rokhmah EL , Alhudawi Muhamad Ikmal
Published: November 2024

In the rapidly developing digital era, the application of technology in the field of education is a must to improve the quality and efficiency of the learning and assessment process. One of the innovations that has emerged is the use of Android-based applications for the implementation of exams and assessments. This study aims to analyze the use of the Woka ABT (Android Based Test) application in improving the efficiency of final semester assessments at SMA Negeri 2 Garut. Along with the development of technology, digital-based assessment methods are increasingly needed to replace conventional assessments that take more time and resources. This study uses a quantitative approach with an experimental method. Data was collected through surveys and interviews with teachers as well as analysis of time and costs incurred before and after the use of the Woka ABT application. The results show that the use of the Woka ABT application significantly reduces the time required for the assessment process and processing of exam results. In addition, the application also reduces paper usage and operational costs, as well as improves accuracy in assessment. Teachers and students have given positive feedback to the use of this application because of the ease of access and features that help in the teaching and learning process. The conclusion of this study is that the implementation of the Woka ABT application at SMA Negeri 2 Garut contributes positively to the efficiency of the final semester assessment. The implementation of Android-based technology in educational assessment not only improves efficiency, but also supports schools' efforts towards wider digitalization. The recommendation of this study is that other schools can consider using similar applications to improve efficiency and effectiveness in the assessment process.
Book Review: Traversing the Lexical Landscape: Insights from "Learning Vocabulary in Another Language"
Authors: Żammit Jacqueline
Published: November 2024

This book review provides an overview of "Learning Vocabulary in Another Language" by Nation (2022), highlighting its contributions to language acquisition. Nation's work focuses on strategies for acquiring vocabulary, integrating recent research and practical insights. The book emphasises the importance of vocabulary alongside grammar, defining it in terms of form, meaning, and usage. It advocates prioritising high-frequency words while recognising the value of less common words. Nation's approach rigorously integrates theory and practice, offering evidence-based strategies for effective vocabulary instruction. The book is structured into sections exploring the nature of vocabulary, teaching and learning strategies, and the impact of extensive reading and listening. Empirical studies, real-world examples, and practical techniques support each section. The updated third edition includes a new chapter on out-of-classroom learning and the influence of digital tools. Nation explores cognitive processes involved in vocabulary acquisition and advocates for evidence-based practices like spaced repetition and mnemonic devices to enhance retention and application.  This book remains a pertinent resource for understanding and teaching vocabulary across diverse educational settings, sustaining its impact through meticulous research and updated content.
EVALUATION OF THE USE OF COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY TO DIAGNOSE CHILDREN WITH ACUTE ABDOMINAL COMPLAINT
Authors: Çetinceviz Cömez Türkan , Kışlal Fatih Mehmet
Published: November 2024

ÖZET
Amaç: Bilgisayarlı tomografi, radyasyona rağmen çocuklarda sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, acil kliniğe başvuran çocuklarda bilgisayarlı tomografi isteme nedenlerini belirlemektir.
Yöntemler: 2021 Ocak - 2022 Ocak tarihleri arasında travmatik olmayan nedenlerle başvuran ve bilgisayarlı tomografi çekilen 319 çocuk retrospektif çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastaların alt ve üst abdominal bilgisayarlı tomografi rapor sonuçları, demografik özellikleri, semptomları, fizik muayene ve laboratuvar bulguları taranarak elektronik veri sisteminden kaydedildi.
Bulgular: Hastaların 166'sı (%52) erkek, 153'ü (%48) kadındı. Ortalama yaş 11,80 ± 4,13 yıldı. 110 (%34) hastada bulgu saptanmazken, 85 (%27) hastada akut cerrahi batın bulguları saptandı. 85 hastanın 79'unda akut apandisit düşündüren bulgular saptandı. Erkek cinsiyet, kabızlık şikayeti, sağ alt kadranda hassasiyet ve fizik muayenede defans, akut cerrahi abdominal bulguları olan çocuklarda bulgusu olmayan çocuklara göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (sırasıyla p
Entrepreneurial Skills of Student Entrepreneurs
Authors:   GESecOM department, College of Arts and Sciences, Mindanao State University Tawi-Tawi College of Technology and Oceanography, Bongao, Tawi-Tawi, 7500, Philippine, J. Caliat Calvin
Published: November 2024

Entrepreneurial skills play an essential role in the entrepreneurial process to business success, especially for student entrepreneurs. This paper aims to identify the level of importance of entrepreneurial skills of student entrepreneurs at the Mindanao State University Tawi-Tawi College of Technology and Oceanography. A descriptive research method was used. The snowball and convenience sampling technique were applied for respondents’ identification. There were 55 students who participated in this study from different course programs. A Likert-scaling survey questionnaire was employed for data collection. The percentage method was utilized to analyse the data collected. The result shows that all entrepreneurial skills are vitally important to the respondents. Creativity is the highest value as very important. However, communication and leadership skills are the highest response on not important. The significance is to help student entrepreneurs for business continuity through the technical assistance of the university by conducting seminars and training and financial support by public and private organizations.
Robotic Process Automation for Improving Workflow Efficiency in Manufacturing
Authors:   San Francisco, California, USA, Shetty Saiman
Published: November 2024

This paper addresses the persistent issue of workflow inefficiencies in the manufacturing sector, which significantly hinder overall productivity and operational effectiveness. The complexities inherent in traditional manufacturing processes often lead to bottlenecks, elevated costs, and increased error rates. In this study, we explore the application of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) as a transformative solution to ameliorate these inefficiencies. The methodology leveraged involves the integration of cutting-edge automation technologies, underpinned by RPA frameworks that streamline redundant tasks and optimize workflow processes. Our research aligns with the findings presented by Nguyen and Xiao and Smith and Chang, illustrating RPA as a catalyst for enhanced manufacturing workflow. The results demonstrate substantial improvements in several critical areas: workflow efficiency increased by 30%, time savings amounted to an average reduction of 25% in processing tasks, operational costs were lowered by 20%, and error rates declined significantly. These metrics underscore the capability of RPA to refine manufacturing processes, offering scalable solutions adaptable to various manufacturing environments. In conclusion, RPA emerges as a pivotal tool in reshaping manufacturing paradigms, fostering greater efficiencies and productivity gains. Its potential for further application extends beyond the manufacturing sector, holding promise for sustained industrywide transformation. This research advocates for expanded exploration into RPA’s broader implications, underscoring its integral role in the future of smart manufacturing systems. The study highlights the urgency for manufacturers to embrace this technological evolution to remain competitive in a rapidly advancing landscape.
The Expansion of Pharmacy-Based Test and Treat Programs for Infectious Diseases: Impact, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors:   Pharmacy Manager Weatherwax Family Pharmacies Inc Spring Arbor, Michigan, USA, Andy Adinarayana
Published: November 2024

Pharmacy-based test and treatment programs are increasingly transforming healthcare by offering accessible, convenient, and effective care for common infectious diseases. These programs enable pharmacists to provide same-day testing and treatment, particularly for illnesses like influenza, strep throat, and COVID-19. Doing so addresses critical healthcare gaps, especially in underserved or rural areas with limited primary care resources. This article explores the impact of pharmacy-based test and treatment programs on public health and healthcare access, highlighting improvements in patient outcomes, increased healthcare convenience, and reduced burden on primary care providers. However, the need for additional pharmacist training, inconsistent reimbursement policies, and regulatory variability across states could rove these programs' expansion. Despite these challenges, advancements in diagnostic technology and the potential for telemedicine integration suggest promising avenues for sustainable growth. Legislative and policy support, such as standardizing pharmacists' scope of practice and ensuring fair reimbursement, is essential to realize these programs' benefits fully. As pharmacy-based test and treatment services continue to evolve, they offer a valuable public health resource that has the potential to reshape healthcare delivery, enhance health equity, and strengthen the healthcare system overall.
Evaluation of satisfaction level of Sehat Sahulat Programme among patients and doctors in Lahore and Gujranwala districts, Pakistan
Authors: Manzoor Iram , Imran Momal , Niaz Areeha , Arshad Aqsa , Mehmood Majoka Ashir , Dawood Ashar Bin
Published: November 2024

Objective: To evaluate the satisfaction level of patients and doctors with a health insurance scheme in two districts of Punjab province.
Method: The analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2022 to November 2022 at Farooq Hospital West Wood Branch, Akhtar Saeed Trust Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, and the District Headquarter Hospital, Gujranwala, Pakistan. The sample included doctors and adult inpatients receiving treatment under the Sehat Sahulat Programme. Data was collected using a pilot-tested, self-structured questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS 25.
Results: Of the 565 subjects, 414(73%) were patients and 151(26%) were doctors. Among the 414 patients, 248(59.9%) were from Gujranwala and 166(40%) from Lahore. Overall, 401(97%) patients and 128(85.4%) doctors expressed satisfaction with the health insurance scheme. Quality of hospitals assigned, quality of curative services, quality and availability of medicines, service provision delayed due to the insurance scheme, having to bear additional expenses, lower financial burden, and overall quality of service were the factors that were significantly associated with the satisfaction level of the patients (p<0.05). Among the doctors, the overall satisfaction level was associated with the availability of medicine and the satisfaction with the payment procedure (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Overall satisfaction rate among both doctors and patients with the Sehat Sahulat Programme was high.
Key Words: Sehat sahulat card, Health insurance, National health policy.
Preeclampsia – A risk factor for dementia in women
Authors: Aftab Sameen , Qazi Muhammad Zarlish
Published: November 2024

Dear Editor,
Dementia is a broad term that includes a spectrum of diseases that affect our cognition, thinking ability, and performance of daily activities. According to the World Health Organization, at present, more than 55 million people around the world are suffering from dementia, and over 60% of whom live in countries that have middle to low socioeconomic status. Nearly 10 million new cases of dementia present every year.
The risk factors for developing dementia include age (more common in those 65 or older), high blood pressure, high blood sugar, overweight or obesity, cigarette smoking, too much alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle, social isolation, air pollution, head trauma, hearing disorders and having depression or anxiety. (1) According to World Health Organization, women are affected by dementia disproportionately, both directly and indirectly and experience higher disability-adjusted life years and mortality due to dementia, but also provide 70% of care hours for people living with dementia. This disproportionate involvement of women in dementia points towards the possibility of a gender related cause of dementia in women.
A recent systemic review and meta-analysis published in American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, shows increased future risk of vascular dementia in women whose pregnancies were complicated by Preeclampsia(2). This corroborates the earlier studies that also show a correlation between dementia and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.  A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis published in 2021 had also concluded that hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were found to be associated with a 1.2- to 1.4-fold increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementia and a 3-fold increased risk of future vascular dementia(3). A study published in 2010 shows the existence of striking parallels between the (epi)genetic features of pre-eclampsia and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease for the genes that are located on 10q22. Its data indicates that STOX1 gene controls a conserved pathway shared between placenta and brain with overexpression in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease(4). These findings necessitate further high-quality research with sufficiently long follow-up periods for outcome development so that this correlation is better assessed. With better understanding of risk factors for dementia, we can probably control the incidence of dementia by prevention of these risk factors.
Symptoms of panic disorder may lead to a potential misdiagnosis as a cardiopulmonary disease, particularly in rural areas
Authors: Hussain Mubashir , Shah Imam Ali
Published: November 2024

Madam,
The hallmark of panic disorder is erratic, recurrent, sudden bouts of severe anxiety referred to as "panic attacks," which render patients fearful of having another episode. These episodes are accompanied by symptoms such as palpitations, shortness of breath, chest tightness, dizziness, choking, fainting, sweating, and neurological symptoms. A study in 2022 suggests that the prevalence of panic attacks is 13.2%, mostly among women, the unemployed, and low-income individuals. The high rate of misdiagnosis (85.6%) is an issue that needs to be addressed.1
Panic symptoms can resemble several serious medical disorders, making a differential diagnosis problematic. However, it could often be misdiagnosed as a cardiopulmonary illness. The main cause of this is the striking resemblance of the symptoms. For instance, clinical signs of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and panic episodes may often be identical, such as palpitations, chest tightness, and dizziness. Differentiating between these entities can be challenging, particularly in cases where there is normal electrocardiographic data.2 Furthermore, the dyspnoea and hyperventilation linked to panic episodes could be mistaken for asthma since both conditions may often display normal spirometry results.3
More frequently the misdiagnosis cases are reported from rural healthcare facilities due to lack of adequate trained medical staff and appropriate diagnostic equipment. The attending physician’s lack of expertise at the first point of interaction may also be contributory factor. In addition, the situation may become complicated by lack of necessary expertise needed assess the psychological components of panic attacks.
The misdiagnosis could often results in severe negative consequences leading to unnecessary initiation of therapy thereby severely straining already scarce healthcare resources which could also be detrimental to patient’s health. Without proper psychological care, patients' panic episodes persist, making them more anxious. Studies indicate that panic disorder is linked to a decline in quality of life, a higher chance of smoking, and an increased risk of suicidal intentions.4
Therefore, it is critical to organise workshops for the physicians in rural Pakistan on recognising the undiagnosed panic disorder. Such educational sessions should be focusing on recognising the unique signs and symptoms of panic disorder, differentiating it from cardiopulmonary conditions. Moreover, it is essential to expand rural residents' accessibility to psychological care and develop public health initiatives that promote understanding of panic attacks, which can also lessen the stigma attached to mental disorders and assist patients in accessing the right care.
The expanding spectrum of diabetes
Authors: Sanjay Kalra  , Nitin Kapoor
Published: November 2024

The conventional approach views diabetes in binaryterms: as type 1 or type 2 diabetes, with acute or chroniccomplications, needing either insulin or non-insulinagents. This, however, is an over-simplified impression.Diabetes may be a single eight-letter word, but it packs awide spectrum of causative factors, clinical presentations,comorbid conditions, and complications.1This is evident in the article published by Asma Ahmedet.al.2, who analyzed cases of diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA)presented to their center in Karachi.2 DKA is usuallythought to be a complication of poorly controlleddiabetes, but the authors highlight the susceptibility ofpersons with type 2 diabetes to DKA as well. Thisphenomenon, initially described as Flatbush diabetes, iscommon in people of South Asia ancestry.3 The patientmay present in ketoacidosis or ketosis and then recoverafter the initial glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity have beencorrected. COVID-19 is known to be a pro-diabetogeniccondition, as it is associated with a poorer prognosis inpersons with diabetes.4 This is clear from the study results,which showed the high frequency of DKA and therelatively poor prognosis of this complication in COVID-19infected patients.2
Continued....
Pragmatic person centred care
Authors: Sanjay Kalra  , Suneet Kumar Verma  , Nitin Kapoor
Published: November 2024

This conceptual paper defines and describes pragmaticperson centred care as an enhanced and expandedversion of the construct of person centred care (PCC).Pragmatic person centred care is defined as health carethat is respectful of, and responsive to the person’spreferences, needs and values, while being reflective ofavailable resource, reserves, and restrictions, regulatingand balancing all aspects and facets of care in a rational,realistic and renewable manner, so as to ensure optimalrelief and results.Pragmatic person centred care is dependent upon four‘pillars’: the person and their care givers, the public andpeers, the health care profession and their ecosystem, aswell as policymakers and planners. This comprehensivedescription makes the practice of PCC acceptable,practical and efficient. This concept should be integratedin all health care services, including primary care.Keywords: Chronic disease, community health, diabetespatient centred, person centred, psychosocial aspects
A tale of colorectal carcinoma metastases in the head and neck region: a case report
Authors: Ambreen Abdullah Unar  , Fatima Mughis  , Soubia Akhtar  , Maria Syed  , Kanwal Fatima  , Shabbir Akhtar
Published: November 2024

Colorectal cancer ideally spreads via the haematogenous or lymphatic route with the most common metastasis to the liver or lungs. Metastasis of this cancer to the parotid gland has not been previously reported. This paper presents a case of rectal adenocarcinoma in a 34-year-old Pakistani male, who presented with histopathological evidence of metastasis in the parotid gland within one year of treatment. He had previously undergone neo-adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy with surgical resection of rectal adenocarcinoma. Metastasis to the parotid gland is an uncommon occurrence in our setting and to our knowledge, this is the first instance of its kind. Careful surveillance of colorectal cancer patients after primary treatment may result in the early recognition of metastases, possibly providing patients with better treatment options and prognosis. This case undoubtedly provides a valuable contribution to the existing literature on colorectal cancer metastasis and points towards the need for additional assessment of these patients post-treatment.
Keywords: Colorectal cancer, Metastasis, Parotid gland, Neo-adjuvant.
The Place of Spirituality and Its Manifestation in Higher Education Literacy Classroom
Authors: Flandez-Paycana Marivel
Published: November 2024

So much variation in the meaning of spirituality has contributed to the difficulty in pinpointing how spiritual beliefs and values manifest themselves in the classroom. Thus, this study aimed to bridge the gap by exploring the views of faculty members on spirituality and how it manifests in the classroom using the qualitative phenomenological research tradition. In-depth interview data from twelve (12) educators and their selected students were analyzed using the conventional content analysis approach. The key findings of this study were that spirituality is something deep, personal, and relational. It serves as their guiding principle—a value system that is practical in life. It influences the values that teachers emphasize in class, the choice of materials to be used, topics and issues to be discussed, and the level of care and support they give to the students. While spirituality is covert and implemented in subtle and indirect ways in the classroom, both teachers and students agree that spirituality must not be ignored; rather, it must have a place in academia, serving as a powerful source of motivation for both teachers and students. This is an area that should be further explored in the academic context.
Land Use and Land Cover Change in Chure Conservation Area: A Study of Mithila Municipality, Dhanusha District, Nepal
Authors: Joshi Krishna Dev , Poudel Deepa Kumari
Published: November 2024

Chure Hills is considered as youngest Himalaya in the Himalayan chain. These hills are also considered vulnerable due to its fragile nature and unpredictable natural and human intervention. On this ground, this study attempts to explore the land use and land cover change pattern and its driving forces in the Chure-Terai hills of Mithila Municipality. This study involved the analysis of freely available satellite images of the study area which was downloaded from USGS. The Landsat 7 and Land sat 8 satellite images from 2000 to 2020 have been extracted for the land use/land cover mapping. Supervised classification has been carried out through Remote Sensing and GIS software. With reference of the Land Use Act, 2019 seven major classes have been classified in the study area which includes Forest area, Agriculture area, Settlement area, Grassland, Water body, Sediment Area, and Landslide Area. Based on observation throughout the research, despite the dominancy of forest and agriculture, both were declining continuously by -3.66% from 2000 to 2010 & -3.77% from 2010-2020 and agriculture area by -4.86% from 2000 to 2010 and -4.03% from 2010-2020. Similarly, increment of grassland or say barren land by (+7.26%) and (+4.02%) has been observed. This observation concluded that this change was due to human encroachment, and haphazard settlement. Side-by-side disaster events have also increased whereas the water body has been degrading due to the illegal extraction of construction materials from the Chure region and braided characteristics of the river.
Book Review. Konseling Kristen Yang Efektif, Gary Collins.
Authors: Jatmiko Yudi
Published: November 2024

Book Review. Konseling Kristen Yang Efektif, Gary Collins.
Alam, Manusia, Dan Teknologi: Analisis Filosofis Dan Refleksi Teologis Terhadap Krisis Modern
Authors: Putra Andreas Maurenis
Published: November 2024

Abstract:This article is a philosophical context analysis and theological reflection on the relationship between nature, humanity and technology within the framework of modern crises, which began in the Enlightenment era. When scientific thinking began to eliminate religious thinking. Since then, the world has not been seen as a sacred entity so that nature is disrespectfully objectified in order to advance the narrative of progress that Enlightenment rationality glorifies through its tools: science and technology. Crises were inevitable. On the basis of this analysis and reflection, the author sees that Enlightenment rationality has no future if its application is devoid of certain values. Thus the author proposes a new principle of technology, namely humanistic technology with a theocentric dimension. This method allows modern life to choose the spirit of life “for all” Abstrak:Artikel ini adalah sebuah analisis konteks secara filosofis dan refleksi teologis tentang hubungan antara alam, manusia, dan teknologi dalam bingkai krisis-krisis modern, yang dimulai sejak era Pencerahan. Ketika pemikiran ilmiah mulai mengeliminasi pemikiran religius. Sejak itu dunia tidak dilihat sebagai sebuah entitas yang sakral sehingga tanpa rasa hormat alam diobjekkan demi melajukan narasi kemajuan yang diagungkan rasionalitas Pencerahan melalui alat-alatnya: sains dan teknologi. Krisis-krisis pun tak terhindarkan. Atas dasar analisis dan refleksi ini penulis melihat bahwa rasionalitas Pencerahan tidak memiliki masa depan jika pengaplikasiannya lepas nilai tertentu. Dengan demikian penulis mengusulkan suatu prinsip berteknologi secara baru yaitu teknologi humanistik dengan disertai dimensi teosentris. Cara ini memungkinkan kehidupan modern memilih spirit hidup “bagi semua”
Peran Guru PAK Dalam Permuridan: Sebuah Konfirmasi Pertumbuhan Kerohanian Siswa
Authors: Wahyudi Untung , Nata Jaya Andry Pratama , Tumengkol Really Pellita
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Although it can be said that all Christian students in Indonesia receive relatively the same Christian Religious Education (PAK) at school, the spiritual growth experienced by each student can be different. Poor spiritual growth will make students vulnerable to various problems during their developmental period. Therefore, the PAK learning strategy at school determines whether students can experience good spiritual growth. The research found that, based on the theological foundation of PAK in Indonesia, the right strategy to facilitate students' spiritual growth is the discipleship process. This article explains the importance of the discipleship process in PAK and how it can be done. The article, which uses the literature study research method, also finds that PAK teachers have several roles that must be fulfilled to become facilitators in this discipleship process. By carrying out these roles, PAK teachers can guide students in achieving their spiritual growth as disciples of Christ. Abstrak: Sekalipun dapat dikatakan bahwa seluruh siswa beragama Kristen di Indonesia mendapatkan Pendidikan Agama Kristen (PAK) yang relatif sama di sekolah, pertumbuhan rohani yang dialami setiap siswa dapat berbeda. Pertumbuhan rohani yang tidak baik akan mengakibatkan siswa rentan dalam menghadapi berbagai masalah dalam masa perkembangannya. Karenanya, strategi pembelajaran PAK di sekolah sangat menentukan apakah siswa dapat mengalami pertumbuhan rohani yang baik atau tidak. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa sesuai dengan landasan teologis PAK di Indonesia, strategi yang tepat untuk memfasilitasi pertumbuhan rohani siswa adalah proses pemuridan. Artikel ini bermaksud memaparkan pentingnya proses pemuridan dalam PAK tersebut dan bagaimana agar hal tersebut dapat dilakukan. Artikel yang menggunakan metode penelitian studi pustaka ini juga menemukan bahwa guru PAK mempunyai beberapa peran yang harus dijalankan agar mereka dapat menjadi fasilitator dalam proses pemuridan ini. Dengan melaksanakan peran-peran tersebut guru PAK akan dapat membimbing siswa dalam mencapai pertumbuhan rohaninya sebagai seorang murid Kristus.
Psychological Impacts of Natural Disaster
Authors: Malone Judi L. , Linder Jacqueline
Published: November 2024

The Canadian Red Cross approved funding for the Psychologists’ Association of Alberta through its Alberta Wildfires 2016 Community Organization Partnership Program. Funding was used to directly resource psychological trauma assessment and treatment until June 2020. Outcome-informed practices were employed to empirically validate treatment employing the Outcome Rating Scale (ORS). Sixteen approved psychologists provided trauma-informed services to 349 clients over 3 years, with the ORS being completed at five-session intervals. Results indicated very low levels of functioning and well-being at intake. For adults, overall average functioning and well-being increased over the treatment period. By the 5th, 10th, and 15th sessions, there was an average reported increase in perceived well-being of 65%, 57%, and 100%, respectively. Treatment made a significant difference for clients. The resulting five primary recommendations are 1) to provide timely access to qualified assessment and treatment, 2) to conduct trauma-informed screening of referrals, 3) to identify and provide additional resources for vulnerable populations, 4) to tailor services to gender considerations, and 5) to take steps to reduce barriers to accessing assessment and treatment.