bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the Question: The Cause of the Solar Cycle Variation of Total Solar Irradiance
Authors: Xiang N. B.
Published: March 2019

The Mg II index and sunspot area are usually used to represent the intensification contribution by solar bright structures to total solar irradiance (TSI) and sunspot darkening, respectively. In order to understand the cause of the solar cycle variation of TSI, we use extension of wavelet transform, wavelet coherence (WTC), and partial wavelet coherence (PWC), to revisit this issue. The WTC of TSI with sunspot area shows that the two time series are very coherent on timescales of one solar cycle, but the PWC of TSI with sunspot area, which can find the results of WTC after eliminating the effect of the Mg II index, indicates that the solar cycle variation of TSI is not related to sunspots on the solar surface. The coherence of two time series at these timescales should be due to a particular phase relation between sunspots and TSI. The WTC and PWC of TSI with Mg II index show that the solar cycle variation of TSI is highly related to Mg II index, which reflects the relation of TSI with the long-term part of Mg II index that shows the intensification contribution by the small magnetic features to TSI. Consequently, the solar cycle variation of TSI is dominated by the small magnetic features on the solar full disk. Additionally, we also show the combined effects of the sunspot darkening and the intensification contribution represented by Mg II index to TSI on timescales of a few days to several months and indicate that the faculae increase TSI and contribute to its variation at these timescales.
Reconstruction for Complex Oromandibular Facial Defects: The Fibula Free Flap and Pectoralis Major Flap Combination
Authors: Qaisi Mohammed , Dee Ryan , Eid Issam , Murphy James , Velasco Martinez Ignacio A. , Fung Henry
Published: March 2019

Background. Extensive through-and-through oromandibular defects after advanced oral carcinoma excision pose a reconstructive challenge for the head and neck surgeon. These complex oromandibular wounds often involve the mandible, oral and/or aerodigestive mucosa, and the external skin. As a result, these defects are often not amenable to reconstruction with a single flap due to the volume of soft tissue needed and the three-dimensional reconstructive requirement. The use of two free flaps has often been suggested to overcome this reconstructive challenge. A simpler and less technically demanding way to deal with this may involve the use of a free flap in combination with a pedicled regional flap. We present our experience of the use of a simultaneous microvascular fibula free flap (FFF) with a pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (PMMC) for addressing these defects.Methods. A retrospective chart review was performed of patients treated with a FFF and PMMC combination for the reconstruction of oromandibular defects at the University of Mississippi Medical Center (Jackson, MS) between October 2013 and February 2016. A minimum follow-up of 12 months was required. Data collected included the extent and location of tumor involvement, size of the postablative defect, tumor histology, clinical and pathological staging, length of follow-up, functional outcomes, and associated complications.Results. A total of three patients were identified to have been treated with the above technique. Defects repaired involved through-and-through mandibular defects with associated oral mucosa and external skin defects. In all cases, the FFF was used for restoring bony continuity with the skin paddle used to reconstruct the intraoral lining. The PMMC was used for reconstruction of the external skin defect and for providing soft tissue bulk. The average size of the fibula skin paddle used for intraoral reconstruction was7.7 cm×11.7 cm. The average size of the PMMC paddle was7.3×9 cm. The mean follow-up was 21.7 months. Both the FFF and PMMC survived in all cases, although postoperative wound healing complications occurred in two of the three patients. There was one partial flap loss. Two patients regained good oral intake while one patient tolerated oral intake but was PEG tube-dependent.Conclusions. The combination of pectoralis major myocutaneous flap and a vascularized free fibular flap is a viable option for the reconstruction of complex through-and-through oromandibular defects. This technique may be useful when a single microvascular free flap is not sufficient for reconstruction of such defects.
Genomic Signatures Predict the Immunogenicity of BRCA-Deficient Breast Cancer
Authors: Kraya Adam A. , Maxwell Kara N. , Wubbenhorst Bradley , Wenz Brandon M. , Pluta John , Rech Andrew J. , Dorfman Liza M. , Lunceford Nicole , Barrett Amanda , Mitra Nandita , Morrissette Jennifer J.D. , Feldman Michael , Nayak Anupma , Domchek Susan M. , Vonderheide Robert H. , Nathanson Katherine L.
Published: March 2019

Purpose:

Breast cancers with BRCA1/2 alterations have a relatively high mutational load, suggesting that immune checkpoint blockade may be a potential treatment option. However, the degree of immune cell infiltration varies widely, and molecular features contributing to this variability remain unknown.

Experimental Design:

We hypothesized that genomic signatures might predict immunogenicity in BRCA1/2 breast cancers. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) genomic data, we compared breast cancers with (89) and without (770) either germline or somatic BRCA1/2 alterations. We also studied 35 breast cancers with germline BRCA1/2 mutations from Penn using WES and IHC.

Results:

We found that homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) scores were negatively associated with expression-based immune indices [cytolytic index (P = 0.04), immune ESTIMATE (P = 0.002), type II IFN signaling (P = 0.002)] despite being associated with a higher mutational/neoantigen burden, in BRCA1/2 mutant breast cancers. Further, absence of allele-specific loss of heterozygosity (LOH negative; P = 0.01) or subclonality (P = 0.003) of germline and somatic BRCA1/2 mutations, respectively, predicted for heightened cytolytic activity. Gene set analysis found that multiple innate and adaptive immune pathways that converge on NF-κB may contribute to this heightened immunogenicity. IHC of Penn breast cancers demonstrated increased CD45+ (P = 0.039) and CD8+ infiltrates (P = 0.037) and increased PDL1 expression (P = 0.012) in HRD-low or LOH-negative cancers. Triple-negative cancers with low HRD had far greater CD8+ T cells (P = 0.0011) and Perforin 1 expression (P = 0.014) compared with hormone receptor-positive HRD-high cancers.

Conclusions:

HRD scores and hormone receptor subtype are predictive of immunogenicity in BRCA1/2 breast cancers and may inform the design of optimal immune therapeutic strategies.
Síndrome do átrio esquerdo rígido pós-ablação percutânea por catéter
Authors: Gutterres Diogo Barros , Derossi Daniel Assis , Freitas Jéssica Faria , Peçanha Letícia dos Santos Pessanha e , Pimentel Rodrigo Caetano
Published: March 2019

Síndrome do átrio esquerdo rígido (SAER) é uma complicação importante e incomum (1,4 a 8 %) após a ablação, está relacionada com extensa cicatriz no átrio esquerdo (AE) que pode induzir a uma diminuição na função do AE e hipertensão pulmonar. O objetivo do estudo é fornecer subsídios para o diagnóstico dessa patologia, além de revisar a literatura, atualizando os métodos diagnósticos e terapêuticos. Relata-se o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino com história prévia de flutter atrial que foi submetida a ablação, evoluindo com SAER. Fatores de risco pré-ablação: diabetes; átrio esquerdo pequeno; apnéia obstrutiva do sono e cicatriz no AE. O diagnóstico consiste em sintomas clínicos, mensuração da pressão do AE e na determinação da pressão da artéria pulmonar. Limitações ao diagnóstico se devem aos sintomas que podem estar muito suaves em alguns pacientes, dificultando a diferenciação clínica ou a avaliação da pressão no AE pode não estar disponível. Opção terapêutica são diuréticos e Sildenafil em caso de resposta parcial aos diuréticos. Conclui-se que esse diagnóstico deve ser pensando pós-ablação e tomada a conduta correta com inicio imediato na presença de sintomas clínicos, adaptando-a ao paciente para permitir melhor prognóstico.
Calamus pseudoerectus (Arecaceae), a new species from the eastern Himalaya, India
Authors: Mondal Sujit , Basu Shyamal K. , Chowdhury Monoranjan
Published: March 2019

Calamus pseudoerectus (Arecaceae or Palmae), a new species of rattan from the hilly slopes of Mukti and Mahananda rivers at Darjeeling District of West Bengal in the eastern Indian Himalaya, is described and illustrated.  This species closely resembles two Indo-Myanmar species, C. erectus Roxb. and C. arborescence Griff.  It, however, is distinguished by its short and extremely slender stem, spine ornamentation, pendulous, long-branched inflorescence, and minute fruits with fimbriate scales.  A comparative study among C. pseudoerectus sp. nov., C. erectus Roxb., and C. arborescence Griff. is provided.  Conservation status of this species is proposed as Endangered (EN) as per IUCN.
A holistic look on birds in urban areas
Authors: Ramanan S. Suresh , Upadhyay Lalit
Published: March 2019

N/A
Estimating Leopard Panthera pardus fusca (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) abundance in Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Pawar Devavrat , Nelson Howard P. , Pawar Divya R.L. , Khanwilkar Sarika
Published: March 2019

Reliable population estimate of apex predators, such as the Leopard Panthera pardus fusca, is important as they indicate ecosystem health, enable evaluation of the effectiveness of conservation efforts and provide a benchmark for future management decisions.  The present study is the first to estimate abundance of Leopard along with possible prey profile in Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary (KWLS), in central Madhya Pradesh (M.P.), India.  For systematic sampling, two study habitats, 15km² each, were identified, one close to the park entrance and the other away from the park entrance.  Sampling was carried out between March and April 2017, for a period of 18 days in each of the two study habitats, ‘good’ and ‘poor’, initially based on situation in reference to park-entry.  Each habitat was divided into five blocks each, and each block subdivided into three, 1km² observation units.  In all, 16 trail cameras were placed in pairs, one set at a time in five of the blocks, over a six–day period.  The total sampling effort was 180 trap-nights.  The trigger speed was set to 3 frames per 10 seconds, and repeated only after 20 minutes interval on infra-red detection of object.  The data was analysed using closed population capture–recapture analyses in Program MARK, to estimate Leopard abundance.  Seventy-eight Leopard detections representing eight unique individuals were found in the 30km² study site.  Seven Leopards were detected in the good habitat and one in the poor habitat. The estimate for Leopard abundance for the good habitat was 11 Leopards (SE 4.6, 95% CI = 8 – 31 individuals).  Due to limited captures/recaptures in the poor habitat, abundance could not be estimated for this habitat class.
Presentation Probability of Visual–Auditory Pairs Modulates Visually Induced Auditory Predictions
Authors: Stuckenberg Maria V. , Schröger Erich , Widmann Andreas
Published: March 2019

Predictions about forthcoming auditory events can be established on the basis of preceding visual information. Sounds being incongruent to predictive visual information have been found to elicit an enhanced negative ERP in the latency range of the auditory N1 compared with physically identical sounds being preceded by congruent visual information. This so-called incongruency response (IR) is interpreted as reduced prediction error for predicted sounds at a sensory level. The main purpose of this study was to examine the impact of probability manipulations on the IR. We manipulated the probability with which particular congruent visual–auditory pairs were presented (83/17 vs. 50/50 condition). This manipulation led to two conditions with different strengths of the association of visual with auditory information. A visual cue was presented either above or below a fixation cross and was followed by either a high- or low-pitched sound. In 90% of trials, the visual cue correctly predicted the subsequent sound. In one condition, one of the sounds was presented more frequently (83% of trials), whereas in the other condition both sounds were presented with equal probability (50% of trials). Therefore, in the 83/17 condition, one congruent combination of visual cue and corresponding sound was presented more frequently than the other combinations presumably leading to a stronger visual–auditory association. A significant IR for unpredicted compared with predicted but otherwise identical sounds was observed only in the 83/17 condition, but not in the 50/50 condition, where both congruent visual cue–sound combinations were presented with equal probability. We also tested whether the processing of the prediction violation is dependent on the task relevance of the visual information. Therefore, we contrasted a visual–auditory matching task with a pitch discrimination task. It turned out that the task only had an impact on the behavioral performance but not on the prediction error signals. Results suggest that the generation of visual-to-auditory sensory predictions is facilitated by a strong association between the visual cue and the predicted sound (83/17 condition) but is not influenced by the task relevance of the visual information.
Effects of Maternal Singing Style on Mother–Infant Arousal and Behavior
Authors: Cirelli Laura K. , Jurewicz Zuzanna B. , Trehub Sandra E.
Published: March 2019

Mothers around the world sing to infants, presumably to regulate their mood and arousal. Lullabies and playsongs differ stylistically and have distinctive goals. Mothers sing lullabies to soothe and calm infants and playsongs to engage and excite infants. In this study, mothers repeatedly sang Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star to their infants (n = 30 dyads), alternating between soothing and playful renditions. Infant attention and mother–infant arousal (i.e., skin conductivity) were recorded continuously. During soothing renditions, mother and infant arousal decreased below initial levels as the singing progressed. During playful renditions, maternal and infant arousal remained stable. Moreover, infants exhibited greater attention to mother during playful renditions than during soothing renditions. Mothers' playful renditions were faster, higher in pitch, louder, and characterized by greater pulse clarity than their soothing renditions. Mothers also produced more energetic rhythmic movements during their playful renditions. These findings highlight the contrastive nature and consequences of lullabies and playsongs.
Hispaniodirphia lemaireiana n. sp., a new saturniid from the Greater Antilles (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae, Hemileucinae)
Authors: ROUGERIE RODOLPHE , HERBIN DANIEL
Published: March 2019

Hispaniodirphia lemaireiana, n. sp., is described from the Dominican Republic on the island of Hispaniola. This is only the second described species of the Antillean endemic Hispaniodirphia, which is the only saturniid genus documented from the Greater Antilles. H. lemaireiana is distinguished from its sister species, H. plana, by several conspicuous differences. Several specimens of the new species are illustrated to show the phenotypic plasticity of the male. Male genitalia of both H. lemaireiana and H. plana are figured. The female and the biology of H. lemaireiana remain unknown, as does the systematic position of the genus within Hemileucinae. Its endemism and the supposed association of its caterpillars with pine trees should generate interest in identifying its sister group in continental America.
Redescriptions of two species and descriptions of three new species of the louse genus Bizarrifrons Eichler, 1938 (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae)
Authors: VALIM MICHEL P. , PALMA RICARDO L.
Published: March 2019

Redescriptions of Bizarrifrons magus (Nitzsch [in Giebel], 1866), the type species of Bizarrifrons, and B. picturatus Car-riker & Díaz-Ungría, 1961 are given based on material from their type hosts. The nymphal instars of these two species aredescribed and illustrated for the first time. Also, three new species are named and described: B. latifrons, from the russet-backed oropendola, Psarocolius angustifrons alfredi (Des Murs, 1856); B. wecksteini, from the Amazonian oropendola,Psarocolius b. bifasciatus (Spix, 1824); and B. quasisymmetricus, from the solitary cacique, Cacicus solitarius (Vieillot,1816) (Passeriformes: Icteridae). Two species-groups are proposed, and a checklist and a key for the species of Bizarri-frons are also included. Sequences of a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and the nuclear elongation factor 1α (EF-1α) genes for two species are given for the first time in this genus.
Bifurcipentatoma, a new genus of Pentatomini with descriptions of two new species from China (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: FAN ZHONG–HUA , LIU GUO–QING
Published: March 2019

Bifurcipentatoma Fan & Liu, gen. nov., with two new species, B. nigricornuta Fan & Liu, sp. nov., and B. parabrunneaFan & Liu, sp. nov., are described from China. Three new combinations, B. acuticornuta (Zheng & Ling, 1983) comb.nov., B. brunnea (Zheng & Ling, 1983) comb. nov., and B. roseicornuta (Zheng & Ling, 1983) comb. nov., are proposedand those species are diagnosed. A key to the species and illustrations of each species are provided. The type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (NKUM).
Are Bryodrilus parvus Nurminen, 1970 and Bryodrilus librus (Nielsen and Christensen, 1959) (Annelida: Enchytraeidae) really different species? A revision based on DNA barcodes and morphological data
Authors: DÓZSA-FARKAS KLÁRA , PORCO DAVID , BOROS GERGELY
Published: March 2019

The taxonomic status of the enchytraeid species Bryodrilus parvus Nurminen, 1970 and Bryodrilus librus (Nielsen andChristensen, 1959) was tested with respect to their possible conspecifity. B. parvus, considered as a typical northern Hol-arctic species, was also found in Hungarian lowlands. The species B. librus (Nielsen and Christensen, 1959), distributedin Northern and Central Europe, is very close morphologically to B. parvus. In this paper we demonstrate that B. parvusand B.librus are not different species based on both morphological and molecular analyses of specimens from differentregions in Europe. The valid name of the species is Bryodrilus librus (Nielsen & Christensen, 1959) following the principle of priority (ICZN 1999, Art. 23.1).The species B. librus was revised and a new description is given here.
New Macrostylidae Hansen, 1916 (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the Gay Head-Bermuda transect with special consideration of sexual dimorphism
Authors: RIEHL TORBEN , WILSON GEORGE D. F. , HESSLER ROBERT R.
Published: March 2019

In the Asellota, sexual dimorphism is often characterized by males that show pronounced morphological differences after thefinal moult compared to females but also to sub-adult males. Such a sexual dimorphism may strongly complicate allocation ofthese terminal males to conspecifics. Consequently, we regard it to be a likely explanation for why in 50% of the described spe-cies of the family Macrostylidae Hansen, 1916, only one sex is known. Based on detailed description of two previouslyunknown species of the isopod genus Macrostylis Sars, 1864, the changes in the morphology that can occur during the finalmoult of the males are highlighted. M. dorsaetosa n. sp. is unlike any other species owing to the row of spine-like setae on theposterior margins of pereonites 5–6. M. strigosa Mezhov, 1999 shows remarkable similarity but lacks these setae. In M. papil-lata n. sp., cuticular ridges overlap posteriorly with the margin of the pereonites 1–4 and head forming a warty appearance. Thisspecies is easily identifiable and unlike any previously described macrostylid owing to the presence of the tergal articulationbetween pleonite 1 and pleotelson. Information for the identification of terminal males is provided and implications of our results for future taxonomic and systematic work on this isopod family are discussed.
Ichneumons in Reunion Island: a catalogue of the local Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) species, including 15 new taxa and a key to species
Authors: ROUSSE PASCAL , VILLEMANT CLAIRE
Published: March 2019

We revised the ichneumonid fauna of Reunion Island, where 17 species were hitherto recorded. One genus (Tariqia gen. nov.) and 14 species are newly described: Acrolyta dindar sp. nov., Campoplex techer sp. nov., Diaparsis ramassamy sp. nov., Dusona douraguia sp. nov., Eriborus cadjee sp. nov., Enicospilus vitry sp. nov., Enytus huet sp. nov., Paraphyllax mussar sp. nov., Phygadeuon nativel sp. nov., Pristomerus rivier sp. nov., Stenomacrus payet sp. nov., Tariqia stellaris sp. nov., Temelucha labusi sp. nov. and Xanthocampoplex huberti sp. nov.. Himertosoma aciculata (Seyrig, 1932), Itoplectis albipes evoluta (Benoit, 1957) and Megastylus mascarensis Benoit, 1957 are now considered as synonyms of, respectively, Himertosoma striata (Seyrig, 1932), Itoplectis albipes Seyrig, 1932 and Megastylus vagabundus Seyrig, 1934. Furthermore, the subspecies Echthromorpha agrestoria spinator (Fabricius, 1781) and Echthromorpha agrestoria macula (Brullé, 1846) are synonymized and raised to species level as Echthromorpha spinator (Fabricius, 1781). A catalogue is provided for 13 subfamilies, 36 genera, and 65 species of Ichneumonidae known to occur on Reunion Island, together with new distribution and/or host records for 28 species. A key to subfamilies, genera and species is also provided.
An overview of Afrotropical canopy-dwelling Orchestina (Araneae, Oonopidae), with a wealth of remarkable sexual dimorphic characters
Authors: HENRARD ARNAUD , JOCQUÉ RUDY
Published: March 2019

Eighteen new species of the genus Orchestina are described on the basis of specimens obtained from fogging samples inthe Afrotropical region. They are O. acaciae, O. ampulla, O. clavigera, O. communis, O. cornuta, O. crypta, O. debakkeri,O. fannesi, O. fractipes, O. gibbotibialis, O. gigabulbus, O. intricata, O. kasuku, O. lanceolata, O. macrofoliata, O. mi-crofoliata, O. probosciformis and O. saaristoi. Excepted for O. intricata, they are all known from males and females, al-though those of O. debakkeri and O. probosciformis cannot be separated. One species (O. crypta) was recognized afterDNA-analysis and was found to show morphological differences with O. communis. The study revealed a series of re-markable sexually dimorphic characters most of which had not been documented so far: modified leaf shaped setae on thelabium in some species arranged asymmetrically, endites with hook shaped excrescences and rows of spectacular flattenedsetae, remarkable cheliceral setae and outgrowths, a modified clypeus, modified front legs, a preocular carapace swellingand the infra-ocular gutter. Spectacular modifications of the endites were already known from other Oonopidae. The function of the modifications is discussed.
Unexpected diversity of whitefly predators in Eocene Baltic amber—new fossil Serangium species (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: SZAWARYN KAROL
Published: March 2019

Serangium is a tropical genus of minute ladybird beetles, which has been recently discovered in Baltic amber. Discovery of the third species, S. kalandyki sp. nov., demonstrates the surprising diversity of this group in the palaeoenvironment of Eocene ‘amber forests’. The new species, together with two previously described, form a well defined morphological group which suggests they all belong to a single lineage. An updated key to the fossil species of Serangium is presented. The diversity of the genus and its ecological affinities are discussed.
The Ice Particle and Aggregate Simulator (IPAS). Part I: Extracting Dimensional Properties of Ice–Ice Aggregates for Microphysical Parameterization
Authors: Przybylo Vanessa M. , Sulia Kara J. , Schmitt Carl G. , Lebo Zachary J. , May William C.
Published: March 2019

Aggregation, the process by which two or more ice particles attach to each other, is typically observed in clouds that span a range of temperatures and is influenced by the crystal shape (habit). In this study, the resulting characteristics of ice–ice two-monomer aggregation is investigated, which is expected to improve microphysical parameterizations through more precise aggregate characteristics and in turn better predict the rate of aggregation and snow development. A systematic way to determine the aspect ratio of the aggregate was developed, which takes into account the expected falling orientations, overlap of each monomer, and any contact angle that may form through so-called constrained randomization. Distributions were used to obtain the most frequent aspect ratio, major axis, and minor axis of aggregated particles with respect to the monomer aspect ratio. Simulations were completed using the Ice Particle and Aggregate Simulator (IPAS), a model that uses predefined three-dimensional geometries, (e.g., hexagonal prisms) to simulate ice crystal aggregation and allows for variation in crystal size, shape, number, and falling orientation. In this study, after collection in a theoretical grid space, detailed information is extracted from the particles to determine the properties of aggregates. It was found that almost all monomer aspect ratios aggregate to less extreme aggregate aspect ratios at nearly the same rate. Newly formed aggregate properties are amenable to implementation into more sophisticated bulk microphysical models designed to predict and evolve particle properties, which is crucial in realistically evolving cloud ice mass distribution and for representing the collection process.
Securitization, Islamic chaplaincy, and the issue of (de)radicalization of Muslim detainees in Dutch prisons
Authors: Vellenga Sipco , De Groot Kees
Published: March 2019

What position does organized Muslim chaplaincy in Dutch prisons take with respect to the prevention of radicalization and to the de-radicalization of detainees with a Muslim background? After describing the process of securitization of Salafism in the Netherlands, discussing the use of context-related concepts as radicalization, extremism and terrorism, and sketching the context and the making of Muslim chaplaincy, the article provides a brief overview of recent research on the relation between detention and (de)radicalization. Then, the stance of Islamic prison chaplaincy towards (de)radicalization of Muslim prisoners is described and analyzed in terms of goals, policy and practice. An expansive oligopolistic system of chaplaincy, representing various organized religions, seems to facilitate a relatively a-political type of Islamic chaplaincy, which often acts as a countervailing force to the dominant trend of securitization.
Effects of higher habitual protein intake on resistance-training-induced changes in body composition and muscular strength in untrained older women: A clinical trial study
Authors: Nabuco Hellen CG , Tomeleri Crisieli M , Junior Paulo Sugihara , Fernandes Rodrigo R , Cavalcante Edilaine F , Nunes João Pedro , Cunha Paolo F , dos Santos Leandro , Cyrino Edilson S
Published: March 2019

Background:

Aging is accompanied by progressive and accentuated decline in muscular strength and skeletal muscle mass, affecting health and functional autonomy. Both resistance training (RT) and diet are strategies that may contribute to improvement in the health of the elderly.

Aim:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of higher habitual protein intake on RT-induced changes in body composition and strength in untrained postmenopausal women.

Methods:

Seventy older women were submitted to an RT program. Body composition, muscular strength, and dietary intake (24 h dietary recall) were performed pre- and post-intervention. To verify different intervention effects according to protein intake of the participants, the sample was separated into tertiles according to protein intake: low, moderate, and high protein intake.

Results:

A time vs. group interaction ( p < 0.05) was observed, with high protein intake presenting greater increases compared with low protein intake, for skeletal muscle mass (5.3% vs. 1.3%), lower limb lean soft tissue (4.9% vs. 1.4%), upper lean soft tissue (4.9% vs. 1.2%), preacher curl (24% vs. 15.2%), and total strength (16.4% vs. 11.7%). A time vs. group interaction ( p < 0.05) was observed, with high protein intake presenting greater increases compared with moderate protein intake, for skeletal muscle mass (5.3% vs. 3.2%). In all groups, a main effect of time ( p < 0.05) was observed for knee extension and chest press.

Conclusions:

We conclude that intake of >1.0 g/kg/day of protein promotes gains in skeletal muscle mass and muscular strength after RT in untrained older women.
Levosimendan as rescue therapy in low output syndrome after cardiac surgery: effects and predictors of outcome
Authors: Beiras-Fernandez Andres , Kornberger Angela , Oberhoffer Martin , Kur Felix , Weis Marion , Vahl Christian-Friedrich , Weis Florian
Published: March 2019

Objectives

Calcium sensitizers have been shown to improve outcomes in patients with low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) after cardiac surgery. We assessed the effects of levosimendan on LCOS in cardiac surgical patients to identify outcome predictors.

Methods

A total of 106 patients in whom LCOS persisted despite conventional therapy additionally received 0.1 µg/kg/min of levosimendan for 24 hours according to a defined treatment algorithm. Baseline and treatment data as well as hemodynamic and outcome parameters were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors, and a multivariate correlation and regression tree analysis was implemented.

Results

The ejection fraction significantly increased from 27% ± 4% to 38% ± 8% within 24 hours and to 45% ± 10% within 48 hours of starting levosimendan. These changes were accompanied by a significant increase in cardiac output from 5.2 ± 0.6 to 6.2 ± 0.7 L/min within 24 hours and significant dose reductions in vasopressors and inotropes. In contrast to nonsurvivors, survivors’ need for inotropic support decreased after the addition of levosimendan to the therapy.

Conclusion

In our patients, all of whom were treated according to the same algorithm, the response to levosimendan in terms of the post-levosimendan need for inotropes and vasopressors predicted survival.
The crossing rates, exceedance probabilities, and related statistical properties of the energy frequency response functions of a random built-up system
Authors: Langley Robin S
Published: March 2019

A method is derived for computing a number of key statistical properties of the vibrational energy of each component of a built-up system that has random properties. The energy is considered to be a random function of frequency, and the derived statistical properties include: the mean rate at which the energy crosses a specified level, the probability that the energy will exceed a specified level within a given frequency band, the mean trough-to-peak height, the rate of occurrence of peaks, and the mean quefrency (a measure of the rate of fluctuation of the energy). The analysis is based on combining statistical energy analysis with a non-parametric model of uncertainty based on the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble and avoids the use of Monte Carlo simulations or large computational models. By way of example, the method is applied to a number of coupled plate systems.
A Call to Practice Context in Management and Organization Studies
Authors: McLaren Patricia Genoe , Durepos Gabrielle
Published: March 2019

We put forth a call to management and organization studies (MOS) researchers to practice context in their research. Context is not, as it is so commonly treated, a stable object to be invoked as a background for our work. Contexts are inherently plural and fluid, and they shift depending on our phenomenon of interest and philosophical framing. We need to engage with context respective to our paradigm of choice, embed context into our research, explain how and why the relevant context was formulated, and acknowledge that the relevant context we have formulated influences both the questions we ask and the answers we find. In this article, we review the use of context in MOS, discuss the current understandings of context across paradigms and offer reasons for why MOS does not practice context, and draw on work done in other social science disciplines to help us practice context.
A first time report on the coocurrence of sarcoidosis and ALK(−) CD30(+) anaplastic large cell lymphoma that is highly responsive to brentuximab vedotin treatment
Authors: Afacan Öztürk Hacer Berna , Albayrak Murat , Pala Öztürk Çiğdem , Yıldız Abdulkerim , Maral Senem , Önder Evrim
Published: March 2019

Sarcoidosis is known to be associated with higher incidence of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. ALK(−) CD30(+) anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma showing poor prognosis, and seldom co-occurs with sarcoidosis. As this rare and highly mortal disease did not respond to classical chemotherapies and showed remission with brentuxumab vedontin treatment, we are presenting our first case reported from Turkey hoping to contribute to the literature.
From Youthful Experimentation to Professional Identity: Understanding Identity Transitions in Social Media
Authors: Brandtzaeg Petter Bae , Chaparro-Domínguez María-Ángeles
Published: March 2019

The process of self-presentation is significantly complicated for people growing up with social media. Many individuals have time-stamped digital footprints in social media from early youth to adulthood. However, little is known about long-term consequences for these individuals, their experience of time and their identity transition from youthful experimentation to a professional identity in social media. Through 15 in-depth interviews, our study explores challenges concerning identity transition and impression management in social media for young adults who have recently entered working life as journalists. Our participants described how they curated their image and self-censored both their previous and current self-generated content in social media. We also find that many have actively opted for passive and peace-keeping self-presentation and use of social media or for turning their usage into private messaging platforms, masking their online identity. Some participants indicated they felt trapped by their own identity making in social media.
Development and validation of the Brabant Hip Fracture Score for 30-day and 1-year mortality
Authors: van de Ree Cornelis LP , Gosens Taco , van der Veen Alexander H , Oosterbos Cees JM , Heymans Martijn W , de Jongh Mariska AC
Published: March 2019

Background:

Hip fractures in the elderly are associated with advanced comorbidities and high mortality rates. Mortality prediction models can support clinicians in tailoring treatment for medical decision making in frail elderly patients. The aim of this study was to develop and internally validate the Brabant Hip Fracture Score, for 30-day (BHFS-30) and 1-year mortality (BHFS-365) after hip fracture.

Material and methods:

A cohort study was conducted in 2 hospitals on operatively treated patients of 65 years and older with a hip fracture. Manual backward multivariable logistic regression was used to select independent predictors of 30-day and 1-year mortality. Internal validation was performed using bootstrapping techniques. Model performance was assessed with: (1) discrimination via the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC); (2) explained variance via Nagelkerke’s R2; (3) calibration via Hosmer-Lemeshow (H&L) test and calibration plots.

Results:

Independent predictors of 30-day mortality were: age, gender, living in an institution, Hb, respiratory disease, diabetes and malignancy. In addition, cognitive frailty and renal insufficiency, were selected in the BHFS-365. Both models showed acceptable discrimination after internal validation (AUC = 0.71 and 0.75). The Hosmer-Lemeshow test indicated no lack of fit ( p > 0.05).

Discussion:

We demonstrated that the internally validated and easy to use BHFS in surgically treated elderly patients after a hip fracture showed acceptable discrimination and adequate calibration. In clinical practice a cutoff of BHFS-30 ⩾ 24 could identify frail elderly patients at high risk for early mortality and could support clinicians, patients and families in tailoring treatment for medical decision making.
An analytical perspective about structural damage identification based on transmissibility function
Authors: Cheng Liangliang , Cigada Alfredo
Published: March 2019

Transmissibility functions have been widely applied into the field of structural health monitoring, especially for damage detection. However, due to the existence of few analytical research works to conceive the significance of damage onset, the inherent mechanism of damage identification based on transmissibility function has not yet been clearly and deeply evaluated. In this article, an analytical approach has been investigated to demonstrate how to localize damage components caused by mass and stiffness change in terms of multiple-degree-of-freedom mass–spring–damper system, based on the inherent analysis between the transmissibility functions for any two consecutive masses. This study also points out the importance of the system input: various input location may lead to different recognized damage regions. Related simulation case studies and laboratory activities are carried out, proving the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed approach.
The Relevance of Cognitive Behavioral Models of Post-Traumatic Stress Following Child Maltreatment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wiseman Hannah , Hamilton-Giachritsis Catherine , Hiller Rachel M.
Published: March 2019

While it is known that young people exposed to maltreatment or abuse are at elevated risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), much of our current knowledge of mechanisms that link trauma to childhood PTSD is based on single-incident, often noninterpersonal, trauma. Theoretical models highlight psychological processes of appraisals, memory, and coping as important for the development of PTSD. The aim of this review was to synthesize the literature on the role of these key psychological processes in relation to PTSD in maltreated children and teens. Studies were included if they (1) identified a sample of maltreated individuals, ≤18 years old; (2) measured (a) trauma memory, (b) appraisals, or (c) post-trauma cognitive or behavioral responses; and (3) measured PTSD symptoms. The systematic search of three electronic databases (American Psychological Association PsychNet, PubMed, and Published International Literature on Traumatic Stress) resulted in the inclusion of 36 papers, which described 31 studies and 33 unique samples. The review found cognitive behavioral models of PTSD appeared appropriate for understanding outcomes following maltreatment, but further research is needed on all processes, particularly trauma memory. Overall, there remain significant gaps in our knowledge of how psychological processes link maltreatment to PTSD. There is limited evidence concerning how maltreatment-related characteristics (e.g., chronicity, duration, and type of abuse) influence psychological processes and in turn affect outcomes. This review recommends further research in this area and suggests that, at the very least, comprehensive assessment should be conducted with all young people reporting maltreatment to identify appraisals and coping strategies that will potentially impact on their ongoing adjustment.
Adaptive fuzzy depth control with trajectory feedforward compensator for autonomous underwater vehicles
Authors: Chen Yuan , Wang Kangling , Chen Wei
Published: March 2019

This article presents a computed-torque controller plus adaptive fuzzy trajectory feedforward compensator suitable for the trajectory tracking control of uncertain underwater vehicle. To address the issue of unavailable normalization factor, an adaptive fuzzy trajectory feedforward compensator is proposed and assembled at the input trajectory level of the computed-torque controller rather than at the joint drive torque position. The compensator serving as a low-pass filter is implemented outside the inner control loop by adjusting the desired characteristic depth. Due to the nearly unchanged internal control algorithm, the adaptive fuzzy compensator is feasible to implement and is robust when varying the feedback gain in the inner control loop. Moreover, an adaptive dead zone fuzzy compensator is designed to reduce the effect of the dead zone on the actuators of underwater vehicles according to the unknown input dead zone characteristics. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed controller, simulations are conducted for a desired characteristic depth, and the performance of the proposed controller has been compared with conventional controllers to illustrate the usefulness and efficiency of the proposed controller.
Preoperative serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as a predictor of poor survival in patients with clear cell renal cell cancer
Authors: Hao Bo , Peng Xufeng , Bi Baochen , Yu Miaomei , Sang Chen , Chen Zhen
Published: March 2019

Purpose:

Numerous studies have suggested that dyslipidemia is closely related to various cancers and the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are associated with the outcome of cancer patients. However, the predictive value of HDL-C in patients with renal cell carcinoma remains unclear. Our study aims to explore the relationship between the levels of serum HDL-C and the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma.

Methods:

A total of 308 patients diagnosed with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) who received surgical treatment were retrospectively enrolled in our study. The necessary clinical data of each enrolled patient were collected and the Kaplan–Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to calculate the overall survival and cancer-specific survival.

Results:

Kaplan–Meier and univariate analysis showed that a lower preoperative serum HDL-C level was a risk factor of CCRCC patients. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that a higher serum HDL-C level was closely associated with better overall survival (hazard ratio = 0.32; 95% confidence interval (0.13, 0.78); P=0.013) and cancer-specific survival (hazard ratio =0.42; 95% confidence interval (0.15, 0.99); P=0.048).

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that an increased serum level of HDL-C might predict better overall survival and cancer-specific survival in patients with CCRCC.
A log-linear analysis of efficiency in elite basketball applied to observational methodology
Authors: Alsasua Roberto , Lapresa Daniel , Arana Javier , Anguera M Teresa
Published: March 2019

Although the full potential of observational methodology is realized through diachronic analyses, synchronic analyses can be used to investigate associations between categorical variables. Log-linear modeling is an appropriate method for investigating associations between three or more dimensions using multidimensional contingency tables. We provide a practical example of how we used log-linear analysis to study efficiency in a men’s basketball competition played by Spain’s top teams using a model containing three dimensions (and their respective categories): position of last pass before a shot, position of shot, and result of shot. The best-fit and most parsimonious model (i.e., the model that provided the best explanation of the observed frequencies in the contingency table and that contained the fewest effects) was a conditional independence model in which last pass position and shot position were associated independently of the categories in the shot result dimension and the interaction between shot position and shot result was not affected by the categories in the last pass dimension. Estimation and subsequent interpretation of the significant parameters in the selected model showed how log-linear modeling can provide basketball coaches with practical insights within an observational methodology study.
Effects of humeral shortening on the three-dimensional configuration of the brachial plexus: a cadaveric study
Authors: Valcarenghi Jérôme , Moungondo Fabian , Andrzejewski Aurélie , Feipel Véronique , Schuind Frédéric
Published: March 2019

This study reports the gains in length of nerves after three different humeral shortenings. Ten brachial plexuses were dissected. The lengths of the different parts of the brachial plexus were measured using a three-dimensional digitizing system after humeral shaft shortenings of 2, 4 and 6 cm and after a standardized force of 0.588 N was used to apply tension to the plexus. The feasibility of nerve suturing was studied. Humeral shortening allowed for significant gains in lengths of the musculocutaneous (42 mm), median (41 mm), ulnar (29 mm) and radial nerves (15 mm). A 2 cm humeral shortening allowed a 2 cm nerve gap to be directly sutured in 70% to 90% of cases. This study suggests that humeral shortening could allow direct suture of nerve defects, or shorten the length of nerve grafts required to bridge a gap.
Effects of a multi-component educational intervention on nurses’ knowledge and adherence to standard precautions in intensive care units
Authors: Gomarverdi Shiva , Khatiban Mahnaz , Bikmoradi Ali , Soltanian Ali Reza
Published: March 2019

Background:

The standard precautions (SPs) should be disseminated and implemented by healthcare providers. This study aimed to examine the effects of a multi-component educational intervention on nurses’ knowledge and adherence to the SP guidelines in intensive care units (ICUs).

Methods:

This small-scale study consisted of a cluster randomised trial. Two ICUs, located in different hospitals, participated in the study. Nurses (n = 15) in one ICU received the multi-component educational intervention. The intervention involved an educational (with multiple instructional media) and a behavioural (with hands-on practice) component. Nurses’ knowledge and adherence were assessed at pre-test and two and six weeks after the intervention.

Results:

Results showed significant group by time interaction effects for both outcomes: a large improvement was found in the experimental group over time, but not in the control group. The experimental nurses’ knowledge improved from 15 ± 2.47 at pre-test to 19 ± 2.65 and 19.53 ± 0.92 at follow-ups. Similarly, their adherence increased from 19.87 ± 4.44 at pre-test to 29.20 ± 5.00 and 28.40 ± 4.37 at two and six weeks post-test, respectively.

Conclusions:

The multi-component educational interventions had demonstrated initial effectiveness in enhancing ICU nurses’ knowledge and adherence to the SPs guidelines. The intervention is a promising approach for designing effective continuing education initiatives aimed to improve nurses’ practice.
A Comparative Study of Early Childhood Fear and Caregivers' Responses to Fear in Australia and Canada
Authors: Sorin Reesa
Published: March 2019

This paper describes a cross-cultural study of the emotion of fear. Caregivers from an independent preschool, a preschool attached to a public school, an extended hours care facility for children from birth to school age, and an indigenous community preschool were invited to participate. In total, 20 caregivers in Canada and 21 in Australia participated. They were asked to name fears that preschool-aged children experience, to describe how children show fear, and to further describe how they respond to children's fears. Findings suggest that caregivers can miss or misinterpret fear and fear displays and that they could, in many cases, respond to fear more effectively. By expanding their understanding of what young children fear, the variety of ways that children express fear, and how to help children to understand fear, early childhood educators in both countries can more effectively respond to fear and other emotions in young children. It is hoped that insights provided through this cross-cultural study will assist early childhood educators to achieve this.