bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efeito do treinamento resistido na sobrevida de camundongos c57bl/6 com caquexia associada ao melanoma cutâneo
Authors: Rocha Soares Lawrey Vanessa , Nunes Lopes João Vitor , Rocha Soares Elenice , Rocha Alves Mariana , Dias Rodrigues Vinicius
Published: May 2021

OBJETIVO: O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar o efeito do treinamento resistido na sobrevida de camundongos C57BL/6 com caquexia associada ao melanoma cutâneo. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: A amostra foi constituída por 64 (camundongos C57BL/6 fêmeas, com idade entre 10 e 12 semanas, com cerca de 50 ± 5 gramas de peso corporal. Os camundongos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatros grupos: i. camundongos controle, com indução de tumor, inativos fisicamente (Controle, n = 16); ii. camundongos submetidos ao treinamento resistido diario somente antes da indução tumoral (Treino 1, n = 16); iii. camundongos submetidos ao treinamento resistido diario antes e após da indução tumoral (Treino 2, n = 16);  iv. camundongos submetidos ao treinamento resistido diario após a indução tumoral e apresentado quadro caquetico (Treino 3, n = 16). O procedimento para treinamento resistido (TR) com choque foi utilizada uma escada com 110 cm de altura, 18 cm de largura, 2 cm entre os degraus e 80 graus de inclinação. O procedimento para TR com choque foi utilizada uma escada 110 cm de altura, 18 cm de largura, 2 cm entre os degraus e 80 graus de inclinação. O exercício resistido baseia-se na subida dos camundongos, na plataforma de saída aplicava-se um choque elétrico como estímulo para subir as escadas, nesta etapa era aplicada o choque nas quatro patas do animal com uma tensão elétrica de 20 volts a uma frequência de 45 Hertz durante seis séries de oito repetições, cada uma com noventa segundos de intervalo entre as séries Os grupos de camundongos foram submetidos a acompanhamento por no máximo 15 dias após o diagnóstico da caquexia a fim de comparar a sobrevida geral relacionada ao câncer entre os grupos de estudo. As curvas de sobrevivência de Kaplan-Meier foram estimadas para cada evento e as curvas dos diferentes grupos foram comparadas usando o teste de Log-rank. O tempo de sobrevida proposta foi de 25 dias após inoculação RESULTADOS: Os resultados apresentados nesse estudo mostraram que não houve diferença significativa (p <0,05) entre as propostas de treino. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve diferença na sobrevida de animais com caquexia associada ao modelo tumoral singênico de melanoma cutâneo com intervenção de exercício resistido ou sedentários.
Estimulação elétrica neural transcutânea (tens) na paroxismia do tronco cerebral: relato de caso
Authors: Von Sohsten Lins Eliane Maria Dias , Boffino Catarina Costa , Mantovani Dábila Caroline Pandolfi , Pereira Flavia Paiva dos Santos , Da Silveira Edmo Arruda Aguiar Sobreira
Published: May 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: A paroxismia de tronco encefálico, descrita em pacientes com esclerose múltipla (EM), caracteriza-se por episódios rápidos de vertigem e nistagmos evocados por movimentos cefálicos. A neuromodulação tem apresentado sucesso terapêutico em várias disfunções da EM, mas ainda não foi utilizada na paroxismia. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito aditivo da neuromodulação por estimulação elétrica neural transcutânea (TENS) na musculatura periocular em paciente com EM e paroxismia de tronco encefálico não responsiva à reabilitação clássica associada à medicação. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Avaliação do nistagmo com videonistagmógrafo, da sensibilidade cutânea facial com estesiômetro, do blefaroclônus por gravação em vídeo e da sensação dolorosa de forma subjetiva (descrição pessoal da paciente); execução de 10 sessões consecutivas semanais de exercícios oculares associados à TENS na musculatura do oblíquo inferior e reto lateral direitos. RESULTADO: Melhora da algia, do blefaroclônus, da vertigem e do nistagmo ocular direito. CONCLUSÃO: A neuromodulação com TENS parece ser uma terapia complementar válida para pacientes com EM e paroxismia de tronco não responsivos aos demais tratamentos clínicos,  porém mais estudos são necessários para confirmar esse achado.
Efeitos do exercício resistido sobre o tecido adiposo marrom em camundongos C57BL/6
Authors: Andrade Geovanna de Souza , Nunes Lopes João Vitor , Mansur Machado Frederico Sander , De Oliveira Sousa Berenilde Valéria , Dias Rodrigues Vinicius
Published: May 2021

OBJETIVO: Verificar os efeitos do treinamento de escada e atividade física na histomorfometria do tecido adiposo marrom em camundongos C57BL/6. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Amostra composta por 16 camundongos, divididos aleatoriamente: controle (n=4), exercício de escada com estímulo elétrico (n=4), exercício de escada (n=4) e atividade física em ambiente enriquecido (n=4). Grupo de atividade física em ambiente enriquecido foi realizada em caixa com brinquedos. Grupo exercício de escada e escada com estímulo elétrico foram realizadas com escada vertical. Com a utilização da escada os animais realizaram 6 séries, 8 repetições com intervalos de 90 segundos entre séries, sendo 10 sessões. No exercício de escada com estimulo elétrico, o animal foi estimulado a subir usando uma placa de aço na base da escada, com uma corrente elétrica de 20V de intensidade e 45 hz de frequência. A coleta de tecido adiposo marrom foi feita na região escapular e manchado em Hematoxilina-Eosina (HE). O nível de significância das análises era 95% (p < 0.05). RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significativa no comparativo do tamanho da célula de TAM em comparação com o tecido recolhido dos camundongos dos quatro grupos. CONCLUSÃO: A atividade física e o exercício resistido não promoveram diferenças morfometricas no TAM dos camundongos C57BL/6.
The Anchoritic Body at Prayer in Goscelin of Saint-Bertin’s Liber Confortatorius
Authors: Smith Alicia
Published: May 2021

Prayer was at the heart of the anchoritic vocation, as an integrated, embodied spiritual practice. Goscelin of Saint-Bertin’s Book of Consolation offers a complex and flexible model of the praying anchorite through images, exhortations, and recommended practices, reflecting the nature of reclusive prayer as a performative gesture or state. Applying the terminology of “liturgy” proposed by Jean-Yves Lacoste, this essay examines how Eve of Wilton is envisioned at prayer, and encouraged in her life of prayer. This life is inextricably connected, for Goscelin, to the eschatological vision which forms the horizon of the text: only through the embodied practice of prayer, metonymic of reclusion itself, can the transformation of the body be anticipated. Goscelin appropriates the transcendent connection between persons offered by prayer to collapse the limitations of space dividing him from Eve, and he pins his hopes for reconciliation with her on the ultimate redemption of both body and space.
The Material of Vernacular English Devotion: Temptation and Sweetness in Ancrene Wisse and Richard Rolle’s Form of Living
Authors: Brown Jennifer N.
Published: May 2021

This short essay looks at how language about the material world is used to describe the spiritual world and how that language is replicated and changed in the course of medieval devotional texts for anchoresses. It specifically discusses the thirteenth-century Ancrene Wisse (Guide for Anchoresses) and Richard Rolle’s Form of Living.
Armies and Ecosystems in Premodern Europe
Authors: Govaerts Sander
Published: May 2021

Using the ecosystem concept as his starting point, the author examines the complex
relationship between premodern armed forces and their environment at three levels:
landscapes, living beings, and diseases. The study focuses on Europe’s Meuse Region,
well-known among historians of war as a battleground between France and Germany. By
analyzing soldiers’ long-term interactions with nature, this book engages with current
debates about the ecological impact of the military, and provides new impetus for
contemporary armed forces to make greater effort to reduce their environmental
footprint.
El aporte de José Calvo González a la cultura literaria del derecho en Brasil
Authors: Karam Trindade André
Published: May 2021

Reconocido internacionalmente como uno de los principales exponentes de los estudios en Derecho y Literatura, el jurista andaluz José Calvo González visitó regularmente instituciones brasileñas entre 2010 y 2019. En este artículo se recuperan ocho conferencias y también se rescatan otras actividades científicas realizadas. La relación entre Calvo González y Brasil fue bastante intensa y se la puede interpretar como una vía de doble sentido: por un lado, su presencia y convivencia posibilitaron una constante interlocución, abriendo caminos que nos llevaron a importantes e innovadores proyectos en terrae brasilis; por otro, la expansión y diversidad de las investigaciones en Derecho y Literatura en Brasil también sirvieron de inspiración y estímulo para el propio pensamiento de Calvo González. A modo de conclusión, se puede afirmar que, así como Luis Alberto Warat en los años 1980 y 1990, Calvo González tuvo un papel clave en la formación de una cultura literaria del Derecho en Brasil.
Prove di democrazia
Authors: Chiodi Giovanni
Published: May 2021

Il saggio ricostruisce il profilo di Arturo Toscanini dal punto di vista dello stretto rapporto instauratosi, nella sua esperienza di artista, tra musica e lotta per le libertà, l’eguaglianza e i diritti dell’uomo. Il contributo intende da un lato analizzare le pratiche performative attraverso cui si manifestò il suo costante e coerente impegno attivo a favore dei valori della convivenza democratica, analizzando le prospettive di senso che orientarono le scelte di Arturo Toscanini sul palinsesto musicale e sui luoghi dove portarlo in scena. Da un altro versante, studiando in particolare i pensieri frammentari di Toscanini contro l’antisemitismo, le dittature, l’esercizio di potere sugli altri e la guerra, contenuti nel suo denso carteggio, l’indagine intende ricostruire nelle sue linee fondamentali la concezione toscaniniana di democrazia e di impegno civile dell’artista, nei difficili anni Venti e Trenta del Novecento, fino agli esiti successivi alla seconda guerra mondiale.
L'Arcadia di Vincenzo Simoncelli
Authors: Pace Gravina Giacomo
Published: May 2021

Il saggio indaga un trittico, opera del pittore scandinavo Christian Meyer Ross del 1898, per identificare le molteplici connessioni tra Arte, Storia e Diritto celate nel dipinto. Le immagini della Madonna, del Bambino Gesù e di S. Rocco, infatti, velano l’identità di importanti giuristi e di loro congiunti, consentendo all’autore di mettere in luce personaggi ed eventi rilevanti per la storia giuridica.
Maize hydroponics &Root multiple ion uptake kinetics [sterilization, germination, sowing, growth & uptake] v1
Authors: Griffiths Marcus , Roy Sonali , Guo Haichao , Seethepalli Anand , Huhman David , Ge Yaxin , E Sharp Robert , B Fritschi Felix , M York Larry
Published: May 2021

Nutrient uptake is critical for crop growth and is determined by root foraging in soil. Growth and branching of roots lead to effective root placement to acquire nutrients, but relatively little is known about absorption of nutrients at the root surface from the soil solution. This knowledge gap could be alleviated by understanding sources of genetic variation for short-term nutrient uptake on a root length basis. A modular platform called RhizoFlux was developed for high- throughput phenotyping of multiple ion-uptake rates in maize (Zea mays L.). Using this system, uptake rates were characterized for the crop macronutrients nitrate, ammonium, potassium, phosphate, and sulfate among the Nested Association Mapping (NAM) population founder lines. The data revealed substantial genetic variation for multiple ion- uptake rates in maize. Interestingly, specific nutrient uptake rates (nutrient uptake rate per length of root) were found to be both heritable and distinct from total uptake and plant size. The specific uptake rates of each nutrient were positively correlated with one another and with specific root respiration (root respiration rate per length of root), indicating that up- take is governed by shared mechanisms. We selected maize lines with high and low specific uptake rates and performed an RNA-seq analysis, which identified key regulatory components involved in nutrient uptake. The high-throughput multiple ion-uptake kinetics pipeline will help further our understanding of nutrient uptake, parameterize holistic plant models, and identify breeding targets for crops with more efficient nutrient acquisition.
Semi-Automated and Miniaturized SARS-CoV-2 Detection using TaqPath COVID-19 Multiplex Real-Time RT-PCR Assay v1
Authors: De Hoff Peter , C Morgan Sydney , Laurent Louise
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this procedure is to describe the setup of a semi-automated and miniaturized workflow for SARS-CoV-2 detection using the TaqPath COVID-19 Multiplex Real-Time RT-PCR Assay. This procedure applies to specimens received for SARS-CoV-2 testing in a clinical setting. Samples are collected, processed, and RNA is extracted as described elsewhere, using the MagMax Viral Pathogen (MVPII) 96 Kit for SARS-CoV-2 Detection protocol or the Omega Bio-tek Mag-Bind Viral DNA/RNA 96 Kit for SARS-CoV-2 Detection protocol. The TaqPath COVID-19 Multiplex Real-Time RT-PCR Assay is a multiplex reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) test intended for the qualitative detection of nucleic acid from SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The procedure has been modified to accommodate reactions as opposed to the standard reactions, significantly reducing per-reaction cost. This is achieved by using the SPT LabTech Mosquito HV and the SPT LabTech Mosquito X1 liquid handling robots. Purified viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) is reverse-transcribed into cDNA and amplified using the TaqPath™ COVID-19 Combo Kit and the QuantStudio 7 Pro 384 Real-Time PCR Systems. In the process, the probe oligos anneal to four (4) specific target sequences located between four (4) unique forward and reverse primers for the following genes: ORF1ab, N Gene, S Gene, and the MS2 bacteriophage RNA extraction positive control. During the extension phase of the qPCR cycle, the 5’ nuclease activity of Taq polymerase degrades the probe, causing the reporter dye to separate from the quencher dye, generating a fluorescent signal. With each qPCR cycle, additional reporter dye molecules are cleaved from their respective probes, increasing the fluorescence intensity. Fluorescence intensity is monitored during each PCR cycle by the QuantStudio 7 Pro 384 Real-Time PCR System.
Testing publish w/o DOI v2
Authors: Ganley Emma
Published: May 2021

test
Geyikli (Çanakkale, Turkey) Heavy Mineral Sands: Insights to Their Origin Related with Alkaline Intrusive Rocks
Authors: UNLUER Ali Tugcan , KOCATURK Huseyin , DONER Zeynep , KAYA Mustafa , YILDIRIM Demet Kıran , KUMRAL Mustafa , ÖZDAMAR Şenel
Published: May 2021

Essexites of Kestanbol pluton have significant amount of iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), Rare Earth Elements (REE) and thorium (Th) and considered as the source of Geyikli Heavy Mineral Sands (HMS). Geyikli HMS were enriched by the minerals of magnetite, rutile, monazite and apatite. In Geyikli HMS, REE contents (up to 0,25%) were rised by 4-5 times during placer deposition, mainly caused by the enriching of weathering resistant REE bearing dense phosphate minerals and zircon. On the other hand, Fe (up to 11%) and Ti (up to 2,5%) enrichments are heavily dependent on the magnetite, titanomagnetite and rutile minerals. By using the basic physical mineral processing techniques such sieving, shaking tables, multi gravity seperators, magnetic seperation, it is possible to reach higher grades for both REE and Fe-Ti and to have better initial values for electrochemical mineral processing techniques.
Fault-plane solution for the Tango, Japan, earthquake of March 7, 1927*
Authors: Hodgson John H.
Published: May 2021

In an attempt to obtain confirmation of the fault-plane methods in use by the Dominion Observatory by comparison with an observed fault, a solution has been attempted for the Tango, Japan, earthquake of March 7, 1927. The direction of first motion was read from seismograms, accumulated for an earlier study by E. A. Hodgson, and filed at Ottawa.

The data derived from the records are not sufficient to allow an independent solution that is very closely defined, but it is shown that they do satisfy the known strike, dip, and relative displacement very well.
The Oklahoma earthquake of April 9, 1952*
Authors: Miller Henry J.
Published: May 2021

abstract

The Oklahoma earthquake of April 9, 1952 provided an instrumental study of seismograms throughout the United States. There is good evidence for the existence of crustal layers, and consequently a shallow depth of focus. The normal velocities of P and S obtained were 8.07 and 4.43 km/sec.

This paper is a summary of a Master's thesis in geophysics at the Saint Louis University Institute of Technology. The complete thesis may be consulted in the Institute library.
Stoneley-wave velocities for a solid-solid interface
Authors: Ginzbarg A. S. , Strick E.
Published: May 2021

Stoneley-wave velocities for a solid-solid interface were calculated for a wide range of elastic parameters. For density ratio ρ1/ρ2 < 1, the ratio of the Stoneley velocity to the shear velocity of the first medium VST/b1 is almost independent of the Poisson ratio σ1. Similarly for ρ1/ρ2 > 1 VST/b1 is almost independent of σ2.

Results are given in graphical form:

For ρ1/ρ2 < 1 and 0 ≦ σ1 ≦ 0.50, graphs of ρ1/ρ2 vs. VST/b1 are given for σ2 = 0.00, 0.10, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, 0.48, and 0.50.

For ρ1/ρ2 > 0 and 0 ≦ σ2 ≦ 0.50, graphs of ρ1/ρ2 vs. VST/b1 are given for σ1 = 0.00, 0.10, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, 0.48, and 0.50.
Determination of the energy in body and surface waves
Authors: De Noyer John
Published: May 2021

Part I of this paper presents the basic theory for estimating the energy in body and surface waves. Limitations in epicentral distances within which satisfactory results can be obtained for body waves are considered. Methods for obtaining the energy in both Love and Rayleigh waves are developed for a structure consisting of a superficial layer overlying a semi-infinite medium of differing elastic properties.
Forced vibration and natural frequencies of tall building frames
Authors: Goldberg John E. , Bogdanoff John L. , Moh Za Lee
Published: May 2021

A procedure is presented for determining the response of a tall building frame to a harmonic motion of the ground. The procedure takes account of the elastic effects of the horizontal beams and requires the use only of a desk computer. Normal modes and natural frequencies can be determined to any desired degree of accuracy by trial and error. Response to any arbitrary motion of the ground can be determined in terms of the responses of the normal modes or, alternatively, by superposing the responses of the complete frame to each harmonic of the motion.
The stresses around a fault or crack in dissimilar media
Authors: Williams M. L.
Published: May 2021

abstract

In order to investigate some problems of geophysical interest, the usual consideration of symmetrical or antisymmetrical loading of an isotropic homogeneous plate containing a crack was extended to the case where the alignment of the crack separates two separate isotropic homogeneous regions. It develops that the modulus of the singular behavior of the stress remains proportional to the inverse square root of the distance from the point of the crack, but the stresses possess a sharp oscillatory character of the type r−12 sin (b log r), which seems to be confined quite close to the point, as well as a shear stress along the material joint line as long as the materials are different.

The off-fault areas of high strain energy release reported by St. Amand for the White Wolf fault are qualitatively shown to be expected.
Ground-motion measurements near quarry blasts at Promontory Point, Utah
Authors: Berg Joseph W. , Cook Kenneth L.
Published: May 2021

Ground amplitudes and accelerations are presented for distances of 8,000 feet, 22,000 feet, 43,700 feet, and 72,200 feet from three quarry blasts of more than 1,000,000 pounds of explosives each that were detonated at Promontory Point, Utah. The following equation fits the data of the maximum total displacement amplitude versus distance for the distances given above:

log ⁡ D m = − 1.52 log ⁡ X + 4.51 ,

where Dm is the maximum total displacement amplitude in inches, and X is distance in feet from the source. Maximum vertical acceleration versus distance for the same distances is given by the equation:

log ⁡ A m = − 2.55 log ⁡ X + 10.68 ,

where Am is the maximum vertical acceleration in ft/sec2. and X is distance in feet from the source.
METODOLOGIA TRADICIONAL VERSUS APRENDIZAGEM BASEADA EM PROBLEMAS: ANÁLISE SOB A ÓTICA DOS DISCENTES DO CURSO DE CIÊNCIAS CONTÁBEIS ACERCA DAS COMPETÊNCIAS DOCENTES
Authors: Silva Marques Nayara Raquel , Moreira Caritsa Scartaty , Pereira da Silva Annandy Raquel , Soares do Nascimento Ítalo Carlos , Varela de Melo Geison Calyo
Published: May 2021

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar o nível de satisfação e expectativas dos discentes de disciplinas cursadas com metodologia tradicional versus aprendizagem baseada em problemas do Curso de Ciências Contábeis em relação às competências docentes. Utilizou-se de um questionário autopreenchido, com alunos matriculados a partir do segundo período. A amostra é composta por 175 alunos matriculados no curso de Ciências Contábeis da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA). Para análise dos resultados, foi utilizado o teste de médias entre os discentes que cursaram disciplinas com metodologia tradicional e os que cursaram disciplinas com Problem-Based Learning (PBL) e ainda o teste t. Os resultados evidenciaram quanto à expectativa que os discentes que cursaram as disciplinas com PBL, mostraram nível maior em relação às competências docentes, quanto à satisfação se mostraram mais insatisfeitos. Com o teste de médias, foi obtida para a maioria das competências listadas, diferença significativa entre a percepção dos alunos que cursaram disciplinas com PBL e os que não cursaram. Os discentes que cursaram disciplinas com PBL, se mostraram mais insatisfeitos com as competências docentes. Dessa forma, a pesquisa contribui para uma possível mudança de conduta dos docentes, tendo em vista que os discentes se mostraram mais insatisfeitos, esperando mais dos seus docentes. Assim como contribui para a literatura em virtude da incipiência de estudos que abordem essa relação.
Myofibroblastic sarcoma of the bone: two cases
Authors: moreno Esperanza , Ortiz-Cruz Eduardo , Pozo-Kreilinger José Juan , Peleteiro-Pensado Manuel
Published: May 2021

Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma (L-G MFS) is a rare tumour that commonly affects the soft tissues of the head and neck. Its location in bone is very rare and there are few cases published in the literature, which sometimes leads to a wrong initial diagnosis. The following report will give an overview of the clinical, radiological and histological findings in two patients with a very unusual bone sarcoma, which are more often found in the soft tissues. Treatment options and outcome will be discussed.
Intravenous lidocaine and magnesium on responses of A-δ and A-β nerve fibers at non-affected and affected areas in three cases of neuralgias
Authors: Arai Young-Chang , Nishihara Makoto , Ikemoto Tatsunori , Saisu Hironori , Owari Keiko
Published: May 2021

Intravenous magnesium and lidocaine have been used for the management of intractable pain individually or in combination. A study reported on the positive effects when used in combination on neuralgia when antiepileptic drugs failed, but nobody has clarified how the combination works. The aim of the present case report is to see how a combination of intravenous magnesium and lidocaine influenced electrically-evoked responses of peripheral A-δ and A-β nerve fibers at non-affected and affected areas in three patients with neuralgia. For nociceptive stimulation, a method of intraepidermal electrical stimulation (IES) was used for the selective activation of cutaneous A-δ fibers, using a stainless steel concentric bipolar needle electrode. For tactile stimulation, similar cutaneous sites were stimulated for cutaneous A-β fibers using the same electrode. Three patients with intractable trigeminal neuralgia or intercostal neuralgia were treated using an intravenous infusion of a combination of 1.2g of magnesium and 100mg of lidocaine for one hour. Although all patients experienced sound pain relief after the combined intravenous infusion therapy, the combination had a different effect on electrically-evoked responses of peripheral A-δ and A-β nerve fibers at non-affected and affected areas in each patient.
Somatosensory Crossmodal Plasticity in Superior Colliculus of Visually Deafferented Rats
Authors: Millan Luis , Charaven Juan
Published: May 2021

Terminal fields of a certain pathway result denervated if the regeneration after the lesion of the pathway fails. If the lesion happened in a young animal, terminal fields of other nervous pathways that are spatially coincident or are close to the denervated field, growth of axon collaterals or reactive synaptogenesis could take place and reinervate deafferented neurons. In that way these denervated neurons can be recruited for functional compensatory responses and can convey information to areas that result enriched with additional inputs to be processed. The present paper reviews the plastic reactions that take place in the superior colliculus, a mesencephalic layered structure, after the neonatal suppression of its visual afferents that terminate in its superficial layers. The postlesional reactive ascending growth of somatosensory afferents that in control animals innervate intermediate and deep collicular layers invade the superficial layers and connect with visually deafferented cells that result recruited for descendent collicular responses and to send sensory information to the visual cortex via the colliculo-geniculate payhway. In that way in neonatally deafferented animals, somatosensory information gains additional territory to be processed. Two somatosensory connections to the superior collicuus will be discussed in this review. One ascending from the cuneitorm nucleus and the other descending that originates in the barrel cortex.
Drug prescribing pattern of antifungal drugs for local fungal infections in a tertiary care hospital: MAMC, Agroha
Authors: Bansal Preety , Baishnab Seema , Singla Ashima
Published: May 2021

Background: Drug utilization research or studies are the powerful exploratory tools to ascertain the role of drugs in the society which refers to the marketing, distribution, prescription and use of drugs with special emphasis on the medical, social and economic consequences. Periodic prescription audit in form of drug utilization study is a way to improve the quality of prescription and promote rational prescribing.Methods: This was a prospective and an observational study. Prescriptions included all newly diagnosed patients with cutaneous fungal infection of both sexes who attended dermatology OPD. Factors considered were sociodemographic parameters and WHO prescribing indicators.Results: 1000 prescriptions were analysed of patients between 18 to 65 years of age with cutaneous fungal infections. The average number of drugs per encounter was 3.68. The percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name was 50.33% and the percentage of drugs prescribed from NLEM was 20.93%.Conclusions: This study indicates that prescribing practices of drugs in tertiary care hospital can be improved by promoting generic name drug prescribing, prescribing drugs from NLEM and by reducing polypharmacy.
Predictors of mortality and loss to follow up among children with malignancies in a resource constraint community in Nigeria
Authors: Jiya Fatima B. , Jiya Nma M. , Jangebe Mika’ilu A. , Ibitoye Paul K. , Muhammed Umar , Yusuf Tahir , Baba Jibrin , Adamu Asma’u , Isezuo Khadijat O.
Published: May 2021

Background: Childhood malignancies are on the increase globally and are of public health concern with associated poor outcome in resource constraint settings. The objective of the study was to determine the factors associated with in-hospital mortality in children with malignant tumours, the predictors of mortality and those of loss to follow up.Methods: A 2 year prospective survey of children aged 1 month-14 years admitted into the paediatric ward of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) Sokoto with histologic diagnosis of malignant tumour.Results: There were 26 (74.3%) males and 9 (25.7%) females diagnosed of malignant tumours with male:female=3:1 and mean age at presentation of 6.8±4.0 years. Majority 25 (71.4%) were from low social class. Twenty-four (68.6%) of the subjects had metastasis at presentation. Tumours diagnosed were mainly nephroblastoma 12 (34.3%), rhabdomyosarcoma 09 (25.7%), retinoblastoma 4 (11.4%), and leukaemias 4 (11.4%). Eighteen (51.4%) subjects were discharged after initial course of treatment 15 (42.9%) died and 02 (5.7%) left against medical advice. Of the 18 subjects that were discharged, 16 (88.9%) were lost to follow up. Shock (p=0.01), multiple organ failure (p=0.02), hyperleucocytosis (p=0.04), acute kidney injury (p=0.04) and metastatic disease (p=0.04) were associated with in-hospital mortality. On logistic regression analysis, shock (p<0.001), multiple organ failure (p=0.04) and hyperleucocytosis (p=0.04) were independent predictors of mortality. Residence outside the study location was associated (p=0.04) with loss to follow up.Conclusions: The high in-hospital mortality and loss to follow-up in this study can be reduced by prompt identification and management of oncologic emergencies, and the provision of support services to the children and their caregivers.
Etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in children with community acquired urinary tract infection
Authors: Wathore Sandeep N. , Wade Poonam
Published: May 2021

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is represented as one of the most common disease encountered in medical practice today, occurring from neonate to geriatric age group. It is an important cause of morbidity in children and affects up to 10% of the childhood population.Methods: After properly cleaning ano-genital area, in infants and young children up to 3 years of age, urine sample was collected in proper aseptic way. Midstream urine sample were collected from children older than 3 years in a sterile container. Isolation of bacteria was done on blood agar and MacConkey agar using semi quantitative methods. Antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out by disc diffusion method using Mueller-Hinton (MH) agar.Results: Over a study period of eighteen months, one hundred eighty diagnosed cases of culture positive UTI were recruited in our study. It was found that UTI was more commonly seen in females than males with male to female ratio of 0.8:1. It was more commonly seen in children with age group from one month to one year of age and least commonly seen in children’s above 4 years of age. Most commonly isolated microorganism on urine culture was Escherichia Coli (86.7%), followed by Klebsiella pneumonae (11.7%). Maximum sensitivity was to nitrofurantoin (95%) as oral antibiotics and to meropenem (97.8%) for intravenous use. Ampicillin and cefotaxime were the least sensitive antibiotics.Conclusions: E. coli was the most common uropathogen for UTI. Nitrofurantoin and meropenam were the antibiotics with maximum sensitivity.
Mortality and morbidity of neonatal shock in premature babies in a tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Shah Mubashir Hassan , Roshan Reashma
Published: May 2021

Background: Despite advances in understanding of pathophysiological changes in neonatal shock, its effect on morbidity and mortality is still an ongoing process. The primary objective was to study etiology-specific mortality and the secondary objective was to study the short-term morbidities of neonatal shock in premature babies born less than 34 weeks of gestation.Methods: This single centre prospective cohort study was conducted from 01 January 2017 to 31 March 2018. Neonatal shock was defined on clinical and laboratory criteria. Outcomes in terms of mortality and short-term morbidities like intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic lung disease (CLD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were recorded for analysis.Results: A total of 119 preterm neonates with shock were enrolled. The most common etiology of neonatal shock was late-onset-sepsis (LOS: 34.4%; n=41) followed by transient circulatory compromise (22.6%; n=27) and early-onset-sepsis (EOS: 14.2%, n=17). The overall mortality of neonatal shock was 15.9% (n=19) out of which 36.8% (n=7) had EOS, 26.3% (n=5) had myocardial dysfunction and 21% (n=4) had LOS (p<0.05). On logistic regression, none of the independent variables were significant for mortality. Neonatal morbidities of IVH (> Grade 2), NEC, CLD, AKI and ROP developed in 4.2% (n=5), 11.7% (n=14), 15% (n=18), 27.7% (n=33) and 33. 6% (n=40) respectively.Conclusions: LOS was the commonest etiology of neonatal shock in preterm neonates. Neonatal shock due to EOS was the major cause of mortality in preterm neonates thus highlighting the need for preventing EOS to improve survival and to reduce neonatal morbidities.
A study to assess clinico-epidemiological profile and outcome of low birth weight babies admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Sanadhya Anuradha , Asif Mohammad , Meena Priyanka , Mehrotra Juhi M.
Published: May 2021

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) contributes substantially to neonatal, infant and childhood morbidity as well as mortality. Across the world neonatal mortality is 20 times more likely for low birth weight babies compared to heavier babies (>2.5 kg). Proportion of LBW babies at birth in Rajasthan is 14%. The present study is proposed to explore the determinants of LBW in babies admitted at tertiary care hospital. The objective of the study was to study the clinic-epidemiological profile and outcome of LBW neonates; to study various factors associated with LBW.Methods: This study was a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out at NICU of MBGH, R.N.T Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan. The study population comprised of all LBW babies delivered in medical college attached hospital and admitted in NICU, for duration of one year from September 2019 to august 2020. Total 350 babies were enrolled in study as per calculated sample size.Results: LBW was found to be associated with low maternal age, low level of mother education, maternal anemia, less BMI, stature of mothers, number of ANC visits, poor maternal weight gain during pregnancy, per-capita income, etc. Most common cause of mortality was found in LBW was septicemia and of morbidity was RDS.Conclusions: The identified risk factors in our study were modifiable and many were preventable. Maternal age, education of mothers, nutrition of mothers, anaemia status, number of ANC visits by mothers are preventable causes. Demographic profile, socio-economic status; many medical and obstetric factors are modifiable.
An insight into the prevalence of low birth weight in Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Sharma Neelima , Sharma Pooja , Wavare R. R. , Sharma Preksha , Sharma Neha
Published: May 2021

Background: The objective of the study was to to find out the prevalence of low birth weight in Sanwer block in Madhya Pradesh.Methods: The study was conducted in community health center of Sanwer Tehsil (Indore district) in the state of Madhya Pradesh in collaboration with the department of Community Medicine of Sri Aurobindo Medical College and PG Institute, Indore.Results: Out of 136 cases observed till completion, 66 cases were of female neonates and 70 cases were of male neonates. Out of 66 females, 36 cases (54.54%) were below the standard 2,500 g. Out of 70 male neonates, 44 cases were below the standard 2,500 g. Average female weight at time of birth was 2.1 kg while the average female height at time of birth was 46.48 cm. Average male weight at time of birth was 2.15 kg and average male height at time of birth was 47.37 cm.Conclusions: National programmes targeting to address low birth weight are the need of the hour.
Hereditary tyrosinemia presenting as hepatocellular carcinoma in a young infant
Authors: Sivadas Suchitra , Bhaskaran Praveena , Panicker Jayakuma Chandrasekhara , Chandrasekharan Rajsekar , Bajad Chandan , Ajith Anjali
Published: May 2021

Hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 is an inborn error of metabolism that affects numerous organs, particularly liver, kidneys and peripheral nerves. It usually presents in infants less than six months of age with features of liver failure, hepatoblastoma or hepatocellular carcinoma. Diagnosis is by a combination of clinical, biochemical and imaging features. We report here the case of a four months old infant presenting with massive hepatosplenomegaly and coagulopathy. He was detected to have hepatocellular carcinoma secondary to tyrosinemia and initiated on treatment. This report highlights the importance of considering tyrosinemia in the differential diagnosis of infants presenting with hepatic disease. Early diagnosis is important due to the presence of effective treatment and for prenatal diagnosis in subsequent pregnancies.
Caring for adherence with oral care to prevent oral mucositis in patients that conduct chemotherapy
Authors: Kardiyudiani Ni K.
Published: May 2021

Background: Various attempts in the field of nursing have been made to address the health response due to cancer. Giving chemotherapy causes various side effects. Oral mucositis is one of the side effects of chemotherapy. Adherence in oral care of patients is needed to increase the adequacy of nutritional intake in patients so that various side effects do not occur. The study was to see how careful oral care is to prevent mucositis in patients undergoing chemotherapy.Methods: The method used is a case study with sampling criteria and data collection by in-depth interviews.Results: The themes found after the theme analysis were 3 themes that influenced the patient in carrying out oral care to prevent oral mucositis, namely: 1) Adherence in oral care to prevent oral mucositis 2) Family compliance in providing support 3) ways to improve care motivation to reduce patient effects.Conclusions: Nursing intervention is needed to increase patient knowledge, increase family support, and efforts to overcome patient health problems.
Knowledge, attitude and practices of medical students on COVID-19 vaccines
Authors: Puranik Akhila , Puranik Ameya , Priya Noopur
Published: May 2021

Background: Coronaviruses are a group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases in humans and animals. They cause respiratory tract infections which can be mild to severe and can be life threatening. Mild infection includes some symptoms of common cold while severe cases can cause SARS. Coronaviruses can pneumonia and bronchitis. In December 2019, a pneumonia outbreak was reported in Wuhan, China. The outbreak was traced to a novel strain of coronavirus, which was given the interim name 2019-nCOV by the WHO.Methods: A cross sectional study has been conducted for the period of 7 days on students studying MBBS/BDS/BPT. All the students who participated in the study were vaccinated with Covishield vaccine. A multiple choice KAP related questionnaire was developed and students were instructed to fill the appropriate responses with the help of Google forms.Results: 77 students said that Covishield is a live attenuated vaccine.135 students said that AEFI can be reported on all the above places. 120 students said that Covishield is the most beneficial vaccine in market. 110 students said that intramuscular route of administration is preferred.69% students have experienced ADR post vaccination.180 students said they will advise the patient to get vaccinated. 131 students said active immunization is the best preventive strategy. 66% students said vaccination should be made compulsory. 57% students said Government’s implementation of vaccination program is very satisfactory.Conclusions: Majority of the students have positive outlook towards vaccination. Knowledge of health science students about COVID vaccines need to be given special focus.
Community knowledge, attitude and practices regarding malaria and long-lasting insecticidal nets in Churachandpur, Manipur
Authors: Marak Rikrak Ch , Singh T. Achouba
Published: May 2021

Background: The disease is endemic in many parts of India, especially in the North- Eastern region. A study was done on head of the family’s knowledge, attitude and practice regarding malaria and long-lasting insecticidal bed nets and to determine the association between socio-demographic profile and knowledge and attitude.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the communities from 3 subcentres namely Pearsonmun, Thingkhangpai and Soipum under Saikot PHC, Churachandpur district of Manipur. House to house survey was carried out and only those who are eligible were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Random sampling and PPS was carried out to select the households head. SPSS was used for analysis.Results: Total of 289 heads of the family was interviewed. The total adequate knowledge score was 30.6% and only 26.3% had favourable attitude towards malaria and long-lasting insecticidal bed nets. There was significant association between marital status, educational qualification, occupation and monthly income with adequacy of knowledge. There was significant association between religion and attitude.Conclusions: Majority of the participants still lacks knowledge and attitude towards the malaria and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN). IEC and awareness campaign should be carried out intensively and further study to be done to see the improvement of knowledge.
Predictors for mortality of inpatients of COVID-19 in Mumbai
Authors: Dhikale Prasad T. , Chavhan Smita S. , Adsul Balkrishna B. , Kinge Kirti V. , Gokhale Chinmay N. , Ingale Aniket R.
Published: May 2021

Background: The estimation of risk factors for death can help in modifying the screening, treatment strategy and saving valuable lives. The published data about this topic from India is scarce. We aim to explore the risk factors of in-hospital deaths for COVID-19 patients.Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study. All COVID-19 patients positive on reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) test who were admitted in this dedicated COVID hospital (DCH) in April to July 2020 and with definite outcome (death or discharge) till end of September 2020 were included in this study. To explore the risk factors associated with in-hospital death univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used.Results: Of the 6195 patients, 450 (7.26%) died. Age 40-60 years [AOR (CI)=4.53 (2.71-7.58)], age >60 years [AOR (CI)=17.42 (10.55-28.75)], suffering from diabetes mellitus [AOR (CI)=2.08 (1.66-2.6)], cardiovascular diseases [AOR (CI)=1.57 (1.14-2.17)], hypertension [AOR (CI)=1.43 (1.14-1.8)], chronic kidney diseases [AOR (CI)=2.78(2.02-3.82)] were found to be significant predictors of death after adjusting for potential confounders.Conclusions: Age >40 years, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, chronic kidney diseases are the independent predictors for mortality in COVID-19. These high risk groups should be given special attention for screening and treatment.
Diabetic dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus as early as six weeks post-partum: a nested case control study
Authors: Iqbal Meesha , Gill Paramjit , Azam Iqbal , Iqbal Romaina
Published: May 2021

Women who develop diabetes during pregnancy (Gestational diabetes mellitus-GDM) increase their risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) post-partum by 70%. The average time to develop T2DM varies and is not widely studied. T2DM is associated with increased risk of developing dyslipidemia leading to cardiovascular diseases. We intended to study the association of dyslipidemia and T2DM as early as 6 weeks post-partum. A matched case control study was designed, and conditional logistic regression analysis applied to get adjusted matched odds with 95% confidence intervals. Our study revealed increased serum LDL levels in the cases compared to the controls (p=0.03). However, no association was seen with other lipid parameters.
Menstrual hygiene practices among adolescent girls in rural area of India
Authors: Kausheic M. Ajay , K. Karthikeyan , A. M. Shagirunisha Rizvana , Ganesh Babu B.
Published: May 2021

Menstruation and menstrual practices still face many social, cultural, and non secular restrictions which is an enormous barrier within the path of menstrual hygiene management. In many parts of the country especially in rural areas girls aren't prepared and aware of menstruation in order that they face many difficulties and challenges reception, schools, and work places. In rural areas, women don't have access to sanitary products or they know little about the kinds and method of using them or are unable to afford such products due to high cost. So, they mostly believe reusable cloth pads which they wash and use again. Implementation of recent techniques like incineration can help to scale back the waste. Also, awareness should be created to stress the utilization of reusable sanitary products or the natural sanitary products made up of materials like banana fibre, bamboo fibre, sea sponges, water hyacinth, and so on.
Study on usage of various criterias in the diagnosis of Atopic Eczema among South Indian population
Authors: S Preetham , S Tophakhane Raghavendra
Published: May 2021

Atopic Eczema (AE) is a specific chronic relapsing dermatitis with varied presentations. The etiopathogenesis of AE is largely speculative and over years has led to origin of various criteria like Hanifin, Rajka’s criteria (HRC), United Kingdom working party’s diagnostic criteria (UKWPDC) and millennium diagnostic criteria (MDC). These have originated in western countries and is used among Indian population without much validation studies.

To validate HRC, UKWPDC and MDC in the diagnosis of AE among Indian population.

A case-control study including 50 cases of AE and 30 age matched controls who are presenting to the DVL OPD of a tertiary teaching hospital. Defined case proforma was prepared highlighting the criteria’s of HRC, UKWDPC and MDC posing as a questionnaire to the cases/subjects. Total Serum IgE levels were estimated. Sensitivity, specificity, Positive predictive value (PPV), Negative predictive value (NPV) and Relative value were calculated for all criteria.

The Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV was 100% for HRC and UKWPDC whereas there was a compromise in the specificity (32.5%) and lower relative value of (22.5%) for MDC. Some minor features of HRC and MDC criteria showed lower validity compared to major features.

Though many upgradations are going on in HRC, UKWPDC it could still be considered and used as a diagnostic criterion considering the high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for diagnosis of AE.