bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The microenvironment of visceral adipose tissue and liver alter natural killer cell viability and function
Authors: Conroy Melissa J , Fitzgerald Vivienne , Doyle Suzanne L , Channon Shauna , Useckaite Zivile , Gilmartin Niamh , O’Farrelly Cliona , Ravi Narayanasamy , Reynolds John V , Lysaght Joanne
Published: July 2016

The role of NK cells in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and liver inflammation in obesity is not fully understood. This study investigated the frequency, cytokine expression, chemokine receptor, and cytotoxicity receptor profile of NK cells in the blood, omentum, and liver of patients with the obesity-associated cancer, oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). The effect of chronically inflamed tissue microenvironments on NK cell viability and function was also examined. We identified significantly lower NK cell frequencies in the liver of OAC patients compared with healthy controls and within the omentum and liver of OAC patients compared with blood, whereas IL-10-producing populations were significantly higher. Interestingly, our data suggest that reduced frequencies of NK cells in omentum and liver of OAC patients are not a result of impaired NK cell chemotaxis to these tissues. In fact, our functional data revealed that secreted factors from omentum and liver of OAC patients induce significant levels of NK cell death and lead to reduced percentages of TNF-α+ and NKP46+ NK cells and higher frequencies of IL-10-producing NK cells. Together, these data suggest that the omental and hepatic microenvironments of OAC patients alter the NK cell phenotype to a more anti-inflammatory homeostatic role.
Reviews
Authors: Treitel Sven , Moon Wooil M.
Published: July 2016

Electromagnetic Geothermometry, by Viacheslav V. Spichak and Olga K. Zakharova, ISBN 978-0-128-02495-9, 2015, Elsevier, 196 p., US$120 (print), US$96 (eBook). Principles of Automated Negotiation, by Shaheen Fatima, Sarit Kraus, and Michael Wooldridge, ISBN 978-1-107-00254-8, 2014, Cambridge University Press, 289 p., US$60 (print).
Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults
Authors: Caddy Caroline , Amit Ben H. , McCloud Tayla L. , Rendell Jennifer M. , Furukawa Toshi A. , McShane Rupert , Hawton Keith , Cipriani Andrea
Published: July 2016

Considering the ample evidence of involvement of the glutamate system in the pathophysiology of depression, pre-clinical and clinical studies have been conducted to assess the antidepressant efficacy of glutamate inhibition, and glutamate receptor modulators in particular. This review focuses on the use of glutamate receptor modulators in unipolar depression.
Psychiatric expert evidence and the new partial defences of diminished responsibility and loss of control
Authors: Nathan Rajan , Medland Simon
Published: July 2016

Psychiatric expert witnesses instructed to undertake assessments of defendants charged with murder should be familiar with the partial defences of diminished responsibility and loss of control. The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 enacted major amendments to the partial defence of diminished responsibility and introduced a new defence of loss of control to replace the provocation partial defence. In this article, the changes to the law are described with particular focus on the implications for the psychiatric assessment.
The value of psychiatrists in leadership and management
Authors: Perry Jennifer , Mason Fiona L.
Published: July 2016

The health and social care landscape in the UK is changing, and there is now, more than ever, a real need for doctors to embrace leadership and management. Evidence shows that medical leadership is associated with better outcomes for patients. Psychiatrists are particularly well suited to such roles, given the interpersonal skills and self-awareness that they develop in their training. In this article, we examine the role of the psychiatrist in leading at a patient, team and organisational level and the impact this has. We also discuss different leadership and management styles.
From the Editor's desk
Authors: Bhui Kamaldeep
Published: July 2016

Trials, tribulations, mind and mechanism Cost and innovation

UK investment in health (public and private) is falling, from 8% in 2009,
to 6.6% by 2021.1 Current expectations of the NHS, to provide comprehensive,
modernised, and scientifically founded care have risen alongside greater
needs of a growing population living with chronic illnesses. In fact,
global efforts to improve health are challenged by similar issues, and
most people around the globe are neither seeing nor do they expect
comprehensive health coverage. Many countries still do not have
appropriate policy and legislation. The current strains on health
provision in the UK and other higher-income countries demand actions that
perhaps would only have been previously been considered for lower-income
countries where, by comparison, there is grossly insufficient investment
(see editorial by Sashidharan et al, pp. ); so task shifting and community development
innovations from low-income countries are proposed as alternatives to
high-quality healthcare in high-income countries. The job of government
has become to contain and offset costs to the state by seeking a range of
alternative providers, and by driving down the costs of existing
provision.
Global mental health in high-income countries
Authors: Sashidharan S. P. , White Ross , Mezzina Roberto , Jansen Stefan , Gishoma Darius
Published: July 2016

Over the past decade there have been significant efforts to scale-up mental
health services in resource-poor countries. A number of cost-effective
innovations have emerged as a result. At the same time, there is increasing
concern in resource-rich countries about efficacy, efficiency and
acceptability of mental health services. We consider two specific
innovations used widely in low- and middle-income countries, task-sharing
and a development model of mental healthcare, that we believe have the
potential to address some of the current challenges facing mental health
services in high-income countries.
The cytostome-cytopharynx complex ofTrypanosoma cruziepimastigotes disassembles during cell division
Authors: Alcantara Carolina de L. , Vidal Juliana C. , de Souza Wanderley , Cunha-e-Silva Narcisa L.
Published: July 2016

The cytostome-cytopharynx complex is the main site for endocytosis in epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. It consists of an opening at the plasma membrane surface – the cytostome - followed by a membrane invagination - the cytopharynx. In G1-S cells, this structure is associated with two specific sets of microtubules - a quartet and a triplet. Here, we used electron microscopy and electron tomography to build 3D models of the complex at different stages of the cell cycle. The cytostome-cytopharynx is absent in late G2 and M phase cells, while early G2 cells have either a short cytopharynx or no visible complex, with numerous vesicles aligned to the cytostome-cytopharynx microtubules. The microtubule quartet remains visible throughout cell division (albeit in a shorter form), and is duplicated during G2/M. In contrast, the microtubule triplet is absent during late G2/M. Cells in cytokinesis have an invagination of the flagellar pocket membrane likely to represent early stages in cytostome-cytopharynx assembly. Cells in late cytokinesis have two fully developed cytostome-cytopharynx complexes. Our data suggest that the microtubule quartet serves as a guide for new cytostome-cytopharynx assembly.
Melodramatic materials: The Roof and The Man Next Door
Authors: Merchant Paul
Published: July 2016

Studies of the relationship between Italian Neorealism and Latin American cinema have often been limited to political analyses, or to superficial identification of formal similarities. This article aims to move beyond these approaches, proposing a comparative reading of Vittorio De Sica’s Il tetto/The Roof (1956) and the Argentine film El hombre de al lado/The Man Next Door by Cohn and Duprat (2009) which takes as its focus debates around ideas of modernity and affect, melodrama and the interior, and the understanding of architecture as media (in Beatriz Colomina’s terms). Where De Sica’s film offers architectural modernity and its periphery as a source of escape and hope, The Man Next Door uses a historical project of modernity, a Le Corbusier house, to develop a sceptical reflection on the possibility of community. The Roof, a critically neglected Neorealist text, thus allows a fresh perspective on (post)modernity and social conflict in contemporary Argentine film.
Empirical equations for estimating aboveground biomass of Betula pendula growing on former farmland in central Poland
Authors: Bronisz Karol , Strub Mike , Cieszewski Chris , Bijak Szymon , Bronisz Agnieszka , Tomusiak Robert , Wojtan Rafał , Zasada Michał
Published: July 2016

We determined empirical models for estimating total aboveground as well as stem, branches, and foliage dry biomass of young (age up to 16 years) silver birch (Roth.) growing on the post-agricultural lands. Two sets of allometric models for trees with a height below or above 1.3 m (small and large trees respectively) were developed. Simplified models were elaborated based exclusively on appropriate tree diameter (diameter at ground level for small trees, diameter at breast height for large trees), while expanded models also included tree height. Total aboveground biomass was estimated as the sum of biomass of all tree components. To assure additivity of the developed equations, the seemingly unrelated regression approach for the final model fitting was used. Expanded models in both tree groups were characterized by a better fit to the data (Rfor total aboveground biomass for small and large trees equaled 0.8768 and 0.9752, respectively). Diameter at breast height appeared to be a better predictor than diameter at ground level â simplified models had better fit for large trees (R for total aboveground biomass equals 0.9611) than for small ones (Râ=â0.7516). The developed equations provide biomass predictions consistent with available Latvian, Estonian, Finnish, Swedish, and Norwegian models for silver birch.Betula pendula 2 22
Monopoly Capital at the Half-Century Mark
Authors: Foster John Bellamy
Published: July 2016

A half-century after its publication, Paul Baran and Paul Sweezy's Monopoly Capital remains the single most influential work in Marxian political economy to emerge in the United States.… In recent years, interest in Baran and Sweezy's magnum opus has revived, primarily for two reasons: (1) the global resurgence of debates over the constellation of issues that their work addressed—including economic stagnation, monopoly, inequality, militarism and imperialism, multinational corporations, economic waste, surplus capital absorption, financial speculation, and plutocracy; and (2) the new, fundamental insights into the book's origins resulting from the publication of its two missing chapters and the public release of Baran and Sweezy's correspondence.… I shall divide this introduction on the influence and development of the argument of Monopoly Capital over the last fifty years into three parts: (1) a brief treatment of the book itself and its historical context; (2) a discussion of responses to Monopoly Capital, and of the development of the tradition that it represented, during its first four decades, up to the Great Financial Crisis that began in 2007; and (3) an assessment of the continuing significance of monopoly capital theory in the context of the historical period stretching from the Great Financial Crisis to the present.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Multinational Corporations and the Globalization of Monopoly Capital: From the 1960s to the Present
Authors: Suwandi Intan , Foster John Bellamy
Published: July 2016

In 1964, Paul Baran and Paul Sweezy wrote an essay entitled "Notes on the Theory of Imperialism" for a festschrift in honor of the sixty-fifth birthday of the great Polish Marxist economist Michał Kalecki.… [T]he essay offered the first major analysis of multinational corporations within Marxian theory. Parts of it were incorporated into Baran and Sweezy's Monopoly Capital in 1966, two years after Baran's death. Yet for all that book's depth, "Notes on the Theory of Imperialism" provided a more complete view of their argument on the growth of multinationals. In October and November 1969, Harry Magdoff and Sweezy wrote their article "Notes on the Multinational Corporation," picking up where Baran and Sweezy had left off. That same year, Magdoff published his landmark The Age of Imperialism, which systematically extended the analysis of the U.S. economy into the international domain.… In the analyses of Baran, Sweezy, and Magdoff, as distinct from the dominant liberal perspective, the multinational corporation was the product of the very same process of concentration and centralization of capital that had created monopoly capital itself.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
First evidences for induced pseudo-viviparous germination in Ageratina adenophora (Crofton weed), a common alien weed of Darjeeling Himalaya, India
Authors: Karmakar Narayan C. , Hazra Anjan
Published: July 2016

In the present investigation, an autecological study has been carried out for Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M. King & H. Rob., a common aggressive alien weed found in dense patches at different localities of Darjeeling Himalaya, West Bengal, India. Single generation colony, derived via induced pseudo-viviparous germination, outnumbers the associated species by its aggressiveness and allelopathic potentiality. The cypselae (fruits) mature during full monsoon and being laden with water droplets shed their deciduous calyx (pappus). The later thus cannot disperse away from the head (capitulum) by effective parachute mechanism. Very frequently, many of the cypselae get germinated with two minute paracotyledons on the receptacle that still attached with the mother plant by decaying receptacle stalk. Entire head with cluster of seedlings, becoming heavy by monsoon shower, drops down on the lower wet substratum. It is the beginning of the colony formation. Vigorous growth and allelopathic potentiality of the species decreases the establishment, growth and density of other plant species in that area facilitating procurement of more space and nutrients for the individuals by itself, leading to make a dense colony with very high Importance Value Index (IVI). All these features may be considered as an adaptation to maintain its invasiveness and dominance over the surrounding species.
Efektywność portfeli akcji zabezpieczonych opcjami indeksowymi na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie w latach 2007-2015
Authors: Flotyński Marcin
Published: July 2016

W artykule przeprowadzono badanie ilościowe na danych z lat 2007-2015, które miało na celu ocenę celowości wykorzystania instrumentów pochodnych w kontekście podwyższania stopy zwrotu i obniżania ryzyka portfeli akcji notowanych na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie. Celem artykułu jest sprawdzenie, na podstawie badania empirycznego, efektywności portfeli zabezpieczonych opcjami indeksowymi. Efektywność rozumie się jako stosunek zysku do ryzyka portfeli akcji notowanych na GPW. Zakres czasowy badania podzielono na trzy okresy w taki sposób, aby ukazać różnicę w efektywności portfeli podczas słabej koniunktury giełdowej. Spośród metod badawczych wykorzystano m.in. analizę porównawczą oraz analizę regresji do obliczenia wartości współczynnika beta. Efektywność portfeli zabezpieczonych opcjami indeksowymi i tych niezabezpieczonych została zmierzona wskaźnikami Sharpe’a, Treynora, Jensena, Information Ratio i Sortino. Sformułowano hipotezę badawczą stwierdzającą, że portfele spółek zabezpieczone derywatami są bardziej efektywne niż portfele niezabezpieczone (indeksy giełdowe). W badanym okresie portfele zabezpieczone opcjami indeksowymi charakteryzowały się wyższą stopą zwrotu i niższym ryzykiem niż portfele indeksów giełdowych. Zostało to potwierdzone przez analizę kształtowania się mierników efektywności.
Tight and Loose Coupling in Organizations
Authors: Pancs Romans
Published: July 2016

Some industries have consumers who seek novelty and firms that innovate vigorously and whose organizational structure is loosely coupled, or easily adaptable. Other industries have consumers who take comfort in the traditional and firms that innovate little and whose organizational structure is tightly coupled, or not easily adaptable. This paper proposes a model that explains why the described features tend to covary across industries. The model highlights the pervasiveness of equilibrium inefficiency (innovation can be insufficient or excessive) and the nonmonotonicity of welfare in the equilibrium amount of innovation.
A direct computation of the cohomology of the braces operad
Authors: Dolgushev Vasily , Willwacher Thomas
Published: July 2016

We give a self-contained and purely combinatorial proof of the well-known fact that the cohomology of the braces operad is the operad

𝖦𝖾𝗋

${{\mathsf{Ger}}}$

governing Gerstenhaber algebras.
Emerging functions as host cell factors – an encyclopedia of annexin-pathogen interactions
Authors: Kuehnl Alexander , Musiol Agnes , Raabe Carsten A. , Rescher Ursula
Published: July 2016

Emerging infectious diseases and drug-resistant infectious agents call for the development of innovative antimicrobial strategies. With pathogenicity now considered to arise from the complex and bi-directional interplay between a microbe and the host, host cell factor targeting has emerged as a promising approach that might overcome the limitations of classical antimicrobial drug development and could open up novel and efficient therapeutic strategies. Interaction with and modulation of host cell membranes is a recurrent theme in the host-microbe relationship. In this review, we provide an overview of what is currently known about the role of the Ca2+ dependent, membrane-binding annexin protein family in pathogen-host interactions, and discuss their emerging functions as host cell derived auxiliary proteins in microbe-host interactions and host cell targets.
Geach and Ascriptivism: Beside the Point
Authors: Duarte d'Almeida Luís
Published: July 2016

This paper discusses the first incarnation of what came to be known as the “Frege-Geach” point. The point was made by Peter Geach in his 1960 essay “Ascriptivism”, and developed in “Assertion”, a 1965 piece. Geach’s articles launch a wholesale attack on theories of non-descriptive performances advanced by “some Oxford philosophers” whom he accuses of ignoring “the distinction between calling a thing ‘P’ and predicating ‘P’ of a thing”. One view that Geach specifically targets is H. L. A. Hart’s claim (in the 1949 essay “The Ascription of Responsibility and Rights”) that sentences of the form “X φ-ed” are not primarily descriptive but ascriptive of responsibility for actions. Hart explicitly accepted Geach’s criticism, and disowned his essay. I argue that he was wrong to do so. Perhaps the essay was worth retracting, but not because of Geach’s objections. I begin by restating and refining Geach’s arguments, in order to bring out the flaw he claimed to have detected in the “pattern of philosophising” that he took Hart’s essay to exemplify. I go on to argue that Geach’s original point poses no obstacle either to non-descriptivism in general, or to Hart’s sui generis non-descriptivist claim in particular.
An inverse problem for a 2D parabolic equation with nonlocal overdetermination condition
Authors: Kinash N.Ye.
Published: July 2016

We consider an inverse problem of identifying the time-dependent coefficient $a(t)$ in a two-dimensional parabolic equation: $$u_t=a(t)\Delta u+b_1(x,y,t)u_x+b_2(x,y,t)u_y+c(x,y,t)u+f(x,y,t),$$ $(x,y,t)\in Q_T,$ with the initial condition, Neumann boundary data and the nonlocal overdetermination condition $$\nu_1(t)u(0,y_0,t)+\nu_2(t)u(h,y_0,t)=\mu_3(t),\quad t\in[0,T],$$ where $y_0$ is a fixed number from $[0,l].$

The conditions of existence and uniqueness of the classical solution to this problem are established. For this purpose the Green function method, Schauder fixed point theorem and the theory of Volterra intergral equations are utilized.
Fourier coefficients associated with the Riemann zeta-function
Authors: Basiuk Yu.V. , Tarasyuk S.I.
Published: July 2016

We study the Riemann zeta-function $\zeta(s)$ by a Fourier series method. The summation of $\log|\zeta(s)|$ with the kernel $1/|s|^{6}$ on the critical line $\mathrm{Re}\; s = \frac{1}{2}$ is the main result of our investigation. Also we obtain a new restatement of the Riemann Hypothesis.
$k$-bitransitive and compound operators on Banach spaces
Authors: Bamerni N. , Kilicman A.
Published: July 2016

In this this paper, we introduce new classes of operators in complex Banach spaces, which we call $k$-bitransitive operators and compound operators to study the direct sum of diskcyclic operators. We create a set of sufficient conditions for an operator to be $k$-bitransitive or compound. We give a relation between topologically mixing operators and compound operators. Also, we extend the Godefroy-Shapiro Criterion for topologically mixing operators to compound operators.
Continuous approximations of capacities on metric compacta
Authors: Hlushak I.D. , Nykyforchyn O.R.
Published: July 2016

A method of "almost optimal" continuous approximation of capacities on a metric compactum with possibility measures, necessity measures, or with capacities on a closed subspace, is presented.
Lorenzo García Aretio: bases, mediaciones y futuro de la educación a distancia en la sociedad digital
Authors: Konieczny Piotr
Published: July 2016

La literatura científica de la lengua española ha dedicado a la educación a distancia

un buen número de interesantes y valiosas publicaciones. La institución que impulsó en gran medida las investigaciones sobre dicha modalidad, tanto en España

como en América Latina, fue la Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia

(UNED), creada en 1972. Acorde con el continuo desarrollo de su

Alma Mater, los investigadores concedían gran importancia al análisis de los estudios realizados, su metodología y evaluación de sus hallazgos. Como consecuencia de lo anterior, han creado muchas publicaciones especializadas que tratan de los problemas de la educación a distancia en los diferentes centros asociados de la UNED.
“Kwe´sx nasa ksxa´wnxi” el gran sueño de los indios: una experiencia de educación indígena y de esperanza de paz en medio del conflicto armado colombiano
Authors: Montaño Aedo Esperanza
Published: July 2016

En el valle del río Cauca en Colombia, Suramérica, existen experiencias pedagógicas rurales
que pese a vivir en contextos de violencia y en medio del conflicto armado, sobresalen
por su liderazgo, y han sido reconocidas y destacadas como ejemplos de gestión
y construcción colectiva. Este artículo hace referencia a la experiencia de la Institución
Educativa Indígena IDEBIC, que en lengua Nasa significa “Kwe´sx Nasa Ksxa´wnxi”
(El Gran Sueño de los Indios), con la cual se realizó un acercamiento para conocer
cómo afecta el conflicto armado que se vive en Colombia, las prácticas pedagógicas, la
vida escolar, el trabajo de resistencia cultural y de qué manera los maestros y maestras del IDEBIC han logrado que sus principios de pluriculturalidad y multiculturalidad permanezcan y se fortalezcan a pesar de la presencia en la zona de actores armados.
Crowdinvesting-Verträge
Authors: Klöhn Lars , Hornuf Lars , Schilling Tobias
Published: July 2016

Der folgende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den Inhalt der aktuell in Deutschland verwendeten Crowdinvesting-Verträge und zeichnet nach, wie sich diese Verträge entwickelt haben. Dazu wertet er 255 Emissionen im Zeitraum vom 1. 8. 2011 bis 31. 12. 2015 auf 18 verschiedenen Portalen aus und erfasst damit 81 % aller auf dem deutschen Markt angebotenen Schwarmfinanzierungen.
Anleihekündigung und kollektive Bindung nach dem Schuldverschreibungsgesetz
Authors: Vogel Hans-Gert
Published: July 2016

2009 hat der Gesetzgeber mit Neufassung des Schuldverschreibungsgesetzes (SchVG) einen neuen Rechtsrahmen für die Restrukturierung von Anleihen gesetzt. Erklärtes Ziel des SchVG ist die Erleichterung von Restrukturierungen und Umschuldungen bereits im Vorfeld der Insolvenz. Von der Mehrheit der Anleihegläubiger getragene Sanierungskonzepte werden allerdings vielfach durch Einzelkündigungen dissentierender Gläubiger gefährdet, die ihre Anleihen oft erst nach der Ankündigung von Restrukturierungsmaßnahmen und weit unter dem Nennwert erworben haben, dann aber unter Verweis auf die Sanierungssituation die Rückzahlung des vollen Nennwertes verlangen. Die insgesamt uneinheitliche Rechtsprechung der Instanzgerichte hat derartige Kündigungen teilweise akzeptiert. Nunmehr hat der BGH in seiner Entscheidung zur finanziellen Restrukturierung der Solarworld AG (ZBB 2016, 206) klargestellt, dass Mehrheitsbeschlüsse der Anleihegläubiger auch die Inhaber bereits gekündigter Anleihen binden. Damit werden sanierungsbezogene Kündigungen künftig „ins Leere gehen“. Nach wie vor nicht abschließend geklärt ist damit aber die auch in anderen Zusammenhängen wesentliche Frage, ob und unter welchen Bedingungen Anleihegläubigern bei Ankündigung einer Restrukturierung überhaupt ein Sonderkündigungsrecht zusteht.
Aktuelle Entwicklungen im Bank- und Kapitalmarktrecht 2016 – Tagungsbericht zum 6. Münsteraner Bankrechtstag
Authors: Danwerth Christopher
Published: July 2016

Am 3. 6. 2016 veranstaltete die Forschungsstelle Bankrecht an der Universität Münster den 6. Münsteraner Bankrechtstag. Thematisch beschäftigte sich der Bankrechtstag mit der aktuellen Rechtsprechung des XI. Zivilsenats des BGH zu Swap-Verträgen sowie mit Negativzinsen und weiteren vertraglichen Folgen der anhaltenden Niedrigzinsphase. Auch wurde der Blick auf das neue Sanktionsregime der Transparenzrichtlinie und des Marktmissbrauchsrechts sowie auf die daraus folgenden Sanktionsrisiken für Emittenten und Geschäftsleiter im Kapitalmarktrecht aus dem Blickwinkel von Wissenschaft und Aufsichtspraxis der BaFin gerichtet. Abschließend lag der Fokus des Bankrechtstages auf dem Aufsichtsratsmandat im Ehrenamt und den weitreichenden Folgen der Einführung des § 25d KWG.
THE ETHICS OF THE RELATION BETWEEN THE CONVICTED PATIENT AND THE PHYSICIAN
Authors: Gherman Cristian , Chiroban Ovidiu , Perju-Dumbrava Dan
Published: July 2016

Backgrounds and aims: Approaching the convicted patient is a topical issue in terms of alignment with EU provisions and recommendations, more so in the context of year by year increase in the number of convicts and consequently, prison patients. The prison patient exhibits increased vulnerability in regard to the rest of the convicts due to his/her medical status overlapping personality changes induced, while coping with a new environment. This represents a challenge for the physicians involved in the expertise process, which must act objectively within the limits and by the principles of professional ethics, while confronting a patient influenced by the prison environment.Methods: We studied the existing legal and ethical framework concerning the expertise in view of sentence postponement/interruption on medical grounds and made a comparison between the theoretical information available and the “real life” situations encountered in our experience at the Institute of Legal Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Following this step we tried to establish some principles needed to optimize health care in the penitentiary system by detecting and sanctioning situations of deceptive behavior, doubled or not by simulation and over-simulation.Results: Convicts present pathologies documented in medical records, but accuse new symptoms that could suggest a new pathological condition. During the expertise, convicted patients emphasize their symptoms and/or claim new symptoms unrelated to their documented medical condition. Convicts submit repeated requests for which treatment solutions within the NAP healthcare system had been already formulated.Conclusion: The patient must be properly informed about the steps to be taken and duration expected in performing a legal medicine expertise in pursuit of sentence postponement or interruption for the treatment of a medical condition that cannot be properly addressed within the NAP sanitary system. Information should come from authorized sources. Efforts to determine unauthorized sources (mainly "experienced" detainees with records of unsubstantiated demands) are surely beneficial.
Culture Pus, Not Blood: Decreasing Routine Laboratory Testing in Patients With Uncomplicated Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
Authors: Sloane Amy J. , Pressel David M.
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND:

Blood cultures and complete blood cell counts (CBCs) are commonly used in evaluating patients with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). Published data have shown that these tests may not aid in patient management. The objective of this study was to decrease the collection of blood test specimens in children with uncomplicated SSTIs.

METHODS:

We designed a longitudinal preintervention/postintervention study that used modifications of well-known propaganda posters. These were displayed in work stations to discourage staff from ordering routine blood cultures in children being evaluated for uncomplicated SSTIs. We studied a total of 230 otherwise healthy patients with SSTIs admitted to a freestanding children’s hospital between September 1, 2013, and August 31, 2014. Data were collected in 3 groups: a 4-month baseline period, a 4-month poster display period, and a 4-month follow-up period to determine practice change persistence. Data collected included baseline clinical characteristics, the number of laboratory studies obtained, and outcomes (including length of stay).

RESULTS:

Patients in the 3 groups were similar in terms of clinical characteristics. Compared with baseline, posters were associated with decreased blood cultures (47%–17%; P < .001) and CBCs (53%–36%; P = .04). This effect partially persisted for results of blood cultures (27%; P = .01) and CBCs (42%, P = .17). There was no change in median length of stay. Seven-day emergency department returns increased in the poster group (0–7%; P = .02) with no clear relation to laboratory testing, but not in the follow-up group (3%; P = .15).

CONCLUSIONS:

A simple and creative poster campaign improved staff laboratory testing practices.
Rising Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Infections in Hospitalized Children in the United States
Authors: Adams Daniel J. , Eberly Matthew D. , Goudie Anthony , Nylund Cade M.
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE:

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) is an emerging drug-resistant organism responsible for increasing numbers of nosocomial infections in adults. Few data are available on the epidemiology and impact of VRE infections in children. We hypothesized a significant increase in VRE infections among hospitalized children. Additionally, we predicted that VRE infection would be associated with certain comorbid conditions and increased duration and cost of hospitalization.

METHODS:

A retrospective study of inpatient pediatric patients was performed using data on hospitalizations for VRE from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids’ Inpatient Database from 1997 to 2012. We used a multivariable logistic regression model to establish factors associated with VRE infection and a high-dimensional propensity score match to evaluate death, length of stay, and cost of hospitalization.

RESULTS:

Hospitalizations for VRE infection showed an increasing trend, from 53 hospitalizations per million in 1997 to 120 in 2012 (P < .001). Conditions associated with VRE included Clostridium difficile infection and other diagnoses involving immunosuppression and significant antibiotic and health care exposure. Patients with VRE infection had a significantly longer length of stay (attributable difference [AD] 2.1 days, P < .001) and higher hospitalization costs (AD $8233, P = .004). VRE infection was not associated with an increased risk of death (odds ratio 1.03; 95% confidence interval 0.73–1.47).

CONCLUSIONS:

VRE infections among hospitalized children are increasing at a substantial rate. This study demonstrates the significant impact of VRE on the health of pediatric patients and highlights the importance of strict adherence to existing infection control policies and VRE surveillance in certain high-risk pediatric populations.
Beyond the Genetic Diagnosis: Providing Parents What They Want to Know
Authors: Saul Robert A. , Meredith Stephanie Hall
Published: July 2016

Clinicians need to provide accurate, up-to-date, and balanced information to parents following a prenatal or postnatal diagnosis of Down syndrome and other genetic conditions. Families want information about the genomic outcomes and medical issues, but they also want information about life outcomes and social supports. Because the anticipated outcomes of a condition can change significantly based on available social support, health care, and services, it is important for clinicians to stay up-to-date about new developments and credible, medically reviewed information about Down syndrome and other genetic conditions to access resources for clinical care.
Maxillaria aureoglobula (Orchidaceae, Maxillariinae): A new record from Brazil
Authors: Engels Mathias E. , Ferneda-Rocha Lilien C.
Published: July 2016

We present the first record of Maxillaria aureoglobula from Brazil, found at Mato Grosso State, in Southern Amazon. A description, illustration, photos and comments about the species are provided. 
Concentración, dispersión y características sociodemográficas en la incorporación espacial de la migración peruana en la Ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Gómez Pablo Sebastián , Sánchez Soria David
Published: July 2016

Objetivos: analizar los patrones espaciales de la migración peruana en la Ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina y comparar la población nacida en Perú que se encuentra agrupada en clústers con aquella dispersa en la ciudad. Métodos: se utilizaron técnicas de estadística espacial y análisis sociodemográfico. En la primera fase se usaron medidas globales de autocorrelación espacial (índice global de Moran) y medidas locales de agrupación espacial para representar clústers de población (Gi* de Getis Ord). En la segunda fase se realiza un análisis sociodemográfico de los clústers de población agrupada y dispersa. Resultados: se sugiere la interacción de dos procesos. En primer lugar, la concentración en zonas específicas de la ciudad de migrantes peruanos en patrones que no son aleatorios. Migrantes más antiguos se encuentran principalmente dispersos en la ciudad mientras migrantes más recientes se encuentran concentrados. En segundo lugar, los migrantes peruanos hombres dispersos tienen una mayor diversificación en cuanto a la estructura ocupacional y una mejor posición socioeconómica que los agrupados. Los patrones observados sugieren que existen diferenciales de género en estos procesos. Las mujeres, tanto las que se encuentran dispersas como las agrupadas, presentan una situación socioeconómica más precaria que los hombres. Esa situación es transversal a la dispersión/concentración en el espacio urbano. Conclusiones: parece ser que las composiciones de clase, género y la temporalidad de los flujos migratorios articulan las modalidades de incorporación a la sociedad de destino.
Internet Gaming Disorder Among Slovenian Primary Schoolchildren: Findings From a Nationally Representative Sample of Adolescents
Authors: Pontes Halley M. , Macur Mirna , Griffiths Mark D.
Published: July 2016

Background and aims

Since the inclusion of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) in the latest (fifth) edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as a tentative disorder, a few psychometric screening instruments have been developed to assess IGD, including the 9-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale – Short-Form (IGDS9-SF) – a short, valid, and reliable instrument.

Methods

Due to the lack of research on IGD in Slovenia, this study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the IGDS9-SF in addition to investigating the prevalence rates of IGD in a nationally representative sample of eighth graders from Slovenia (N = 1,071).

Results

The IGDS9-SF underwent rigorous psychometric scrutiny in terms of validity and reliability. Construct validation was investigated with confirmatory factor analysis to examine the factorial structure of the IGDS9-SF and a unidimensional structure appeared to fit the data well. Concurrent and criterion validation were also investigated by examining the association between IGD and relevant psychosocial and game-related measures, which warranted these forms of validity. In terms of reliability, the Slovenian version IGDS9-SF obtained excellent results regarding its internal consistency at different levels, and the test appears to be a valid and reliable instrument to assess IGD among Slovenian youth. Finally, the prevalence rates of IGD were found to be around 2.5% in the whole sample and 3.1% among gamers.

Discussion and conclusion

Taken together, these results illustrate the suitability of the IGDS9-SF and warrants further research on IGD in Slovenia.
Det tidiga 1900-talets radikala borgerliga realister och arbetarfrågan
Authors: Forsgren Peter
Published: July 2016

Sammanfattning saknas
Dialog om sättet att sluta stycken
Authors: Davidsson Cecilia , Olofsson Tommy
Published: July 2016

Sammanfattning saknas
Applicability of quantitative techniques in studies of colonialism: Towards addressing questions of subjectivity
Authors: Njoh Ambe
Published: July 2016

Sammanfattning saknas
A wedding party, something old, something new: The history of the formation of the British-Sikh regiments
Authors: Singh Kamalroop
Published: July 2016

Sammanfattning saknas
El quehacer cotidiano de la enfermera significa soportar la carga
Authors: Lopera Betancur Martha Adiela , Forero Pulido Constanza , Paiva Duque Luis Eduardo , Cuartas Verónica María
Published: July 2016

Introducción: Las enfermeras le dan significados a su quehacer cotidiano y la comprensión de estos favorece el diseño de propuestas orientadas a promover la calidad, humanización y gestión de los servicios. El objetivo fue comprender el significado que las enfermeras le dan a su quehacer cotidiano. Materiales y Métodos: Se utilizó la investigación cualitativa con enfoque etnográfico, se realizaron entrevistas grupales y se llevó diario de campo. Resultados: Las enfermeras deben apropiarse del servicio, lo que significa realizar cuidado integral y cargar el servicio. Esta carga del servicio es entendida como soportar la carga de la culpa, los problemas, las interacciones, los indicadores y protocolos sin suficiente tiempo. Discusión: El cuidado genera motivación la cual es una emoción capaz de provocar, mantener y dirigir la conducta hacia un objetivo, la carga laboral ha obligado a las enfermeras a dedicar menos tiempo al cuidado lo cual las lleva a sentimientos de culpa, agotamiento y estrés. Conclusiones: El quehacer de enfermería significa una carga cuando sienten que deben encargarse de tareas que no son de su competencia profesional o que son impuestas limitando su autonomía. Tener que soportarla lleva a las enfermeras a la desmotivación.

Cómo citar este artículo: Lopera MA, Forero C, Paiva LE, Cuartas VM. El quehacer cotidiano de la enfermera significa soportar la carga. Rev Cuid. 2016; 7(2): 1262-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v7i2.320 
Percepción de los familiares de pacientes críticos hospitalizados respecto a la comunicación y apoyo emocional
Authors: Bautista Rodríguez Luz Marina , Arias Velandia María Fernanda , Carreño Leiva Zury Ornella
Published: July 2016

Introducción: La familia cumple un papel importante en el entorno del paciente, la complejidad en los servicios de unidad de cuidados intensivos, generan en el núcleo familiar crisis emocional situacional manifestada en angustia y estrés. Objetivo: Evaluar la percepción que tiene el familiar del paciente crítico respecto a la  comunicación verbal y no verbal, y el apoyo emocional brindado por el personal de enfermería durante la hospitalización en la unidad de cuidado intensivo de una clínica de IV nivel de la ciudad de Cúcuta. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo de corte transversal. La muestra fue de 200 familiares; para la recolección de la información se utilizó el instrumento: (Percepción de los Familiares de los Pacientes Críticos), respecto a la intervención de Enfermería durante su Crisis Situacional. Resultados: La percepción global de los familiares, es favorable en un 80% expresando una connotación positiva.  Discusión: Los familiares de los pacientes ven la labor de enfermería como un comportamiento de cuidado humanizado centrado en la valoración del ser humano como un ser holístico, donde el cuidado brindado estuvo caracterizado por comportamientos como: la empatía, la comunicación efectiva, el afecto y el tacto. Conclusiones: Humanizar la unidad de cuidado intensivo permite reconocer a la familia como un eje central de todas las acciones asistenciales, una familia participativa es una familia más sana con más herramientas para luchar contra la desesperanza que genera el ingreso de un paciente a los servicios de hospitalización crítica.

Cómo citar este artículo: Bautista LM, Arias MF, Carreño ZO. Percepción de los familiares de pacientes críticos hospitalizados respecto a la comunicación y apoyo emocional. Rev Cuid. 2016; 7(2): 1297-1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v7i2.330   
Reproducibilidad del cuestionario: calidad de cuidados de enfermería en pacientes hospitalizados
Authors: Torres Contreras Claudia Consuelo , Páez Esteban Astrid Nathalia , Rincón Sepúlveda Leidy , Rosas Baez Diego , Mendoza Moreno Elsy Paola
Published: July 2016

Introducción: La medición de la calidad del cuidado de Enfermería requiere del uso de escalas válidas y confiables, es así como el objetivo del estudio fue determinar la reproducibilidad del cuestionario de calidad de cuidados de enfermería en pacientes hospitalizados en una institución prestadora de servicios de salud. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de evaluación de pruebas diagnósticas, se determinó la consistencia interna y la reproducibilidad prueba reprueba del cuestionario, basado en sus dos dimensiones: experiencias y satisfacción con el cuidado de enfermería. Tipo de muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple. Resultados: En cuanto a la reproducibilidad del instrumento, en la dimensión de experiencia con los cuidados la mayoría de los ítems se encuentran con coeficientes de correlación intraclase por debajo de 0.7, con una media de 0.623; en la dimensión de satisfacción de los cuidados, la mayoría de los ítems están por encima de 0.7 con una media de 0.873. La confiabilidad del instrumento medida a través del Alfa de Cronbach fue 0.930, en la dimensión de experiencia 0.904 y 0.980 en la dimensión de satisfacción. Discusión: El Cuestionario de Calidad de Cuidados de Enfermería, en sus dos dimensiones de experiencia y satisfacción de los cuidados fue adecuadamente entendido por parte de los participantes y Luego de su aplicación se considera una confiable para pacientes de diferentes servicios de hospitalización. Conclusiones: El instrumento es una escala confiable para la evaluación de la calidad del cuidado. El instrumento mostró un alto grado de reproducibilidad para la dimensión de satisfacción con los cuidados.

Cómo citar este artículo: Torres CC, Páez AN, Rincón L, Rosas D, Mendoza EP. Reproducibilidad del cuestionario: calidad de cuidados de enfermería en pacientes hospitalizados. Rev Cuid. 2016; 7(2): 1338-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v7i2.339
Factores de necesidad asociados al uso adecuado del control prenatal
Authors: Miranda Mellado Clarybel , Castillo Avila Irma
Published: July 2016

Introducción: Por las implicaciones sociales de la mortalidad y morbilidad materna es importante determinar los factores de necesidad que influyen en el uso adecuado del control prenatal en gestantes de Sincelejo. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio analítico de corte transversal, que incluyó 730 gestantes, seleccionadas mediante muestreo aleatorio por conglomerados, de las comunas de la ciudad. La información fue recolectada por medio de una encuesta sociodemográfica, una ficha de uso de control prenatal y un Cuestionario para evaluar los factores de necesidad  propuestos por el Modelo de Promoción de la Salud de Nola Pender. Las gestantes fueron contactadas en sus domicilios y diligenciaron los instrumentos. Los datos fueron analizados aplicando estadística descriptiva e inferencial para determinar las asociaciones entre variables. Resultados: El 97,7% (713) de las gestantes asistía al control prenatal, con una mediana de 4 controles prenatales. Un 2,3% (17) no lo habían iniciado al momento de la encuesta y 24,4% (178) hizo uso inadecuado. El 80,7% (589) de las gestantes califican su estado de salud como bueno o muy bueno, 94,8% (692) percibieron beneficios del control prenatal. Se encontró asociación significativa entre la percepción de beneficios y el uso adecuado de control prenatal [OR=5,5 (IC 95%: 2,8 - 10,8)]. Discusión y Conclusiones: La percepción que las mujeres tienen sobre los buenos resultados que reporta la asistencia al control prenatal, es el principal factor que puede explicar la adherencia al control y el cumplimiento regular de las consultas.

Cómo citar este artículo: Miranda C, Castillo IY. Factores de necesidad asociados al uso adecuado del control prenatal. Rev Cuid. 2016; 7(2): 1345-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v7i2.340 

 
Gender Differences in Medical Students: A Mixed Method Examination into the Potential Driver of Referral Patterns
Authors: Thomas David L. , Edmonds W. Alex , Kennedy Tom D.
Published: July 2016

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. The fiscal impact of the referral patterns of physicians known to increase the overall cost of medical care, however the complex relationship between these variables is less understood (Stratton, McLaughlin, Witte, Fosson, & Nora, 2005; Lau, Alpert, Huckfeldt, Hussey, Auerbach et al., 2014). More specifically, when procedures that can be completed by the primary care physician are referred out it increases the cost of medical care at both a micro and macro level. However, it is difficult to isolate the exact variables and context that would precisely predict this pattern. This examination is an attempt to piece together the preliminary factors that may be exhibited medical-school training that would help to explain the referral-pattern process. A sequential multi-phase mixed method approach was utilized including the first two quantitative strands and the follow-up qualitative component. The first phase included an evaluation of male-female teams and who took the lead on the medical procedure. Results indicated that males took the majority of the lead on these procedures (38 for males and 26 for females). The next phase included an assessment of self-efficacy which revealed that on average females reported lower levels of efficacy, which was further elaborated by the performance evaluation. The final qualitative phase asked to elaborate on their self-efficacy while doing the required procedures. Results revealed that those students who did not take the lead did not feel as competent as their peers to perform the procedures. The findings can shed light on the gender-shift phenomenon, which is important to the receivers and the providers of medical services and potentially on referral-pattern processes.