bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A custom made jig for individual canine retraction
Authors: Sharma Vipul Kumar , Yadav Kirti , Chaturvedi Thakur Prasad
Published: January 2016

We face difficulty in individual canine retraction in the bracket system lacking power arms on the canines. When orthodontic force is applied through the center of resistance (CR), then, tooth translation ensues. Forces applied at a distance from the CR create a moment that tends to rotate and tip the tooth. The tendency of tipping is increased in the bracket system lacking power arm, since, force is applied more occlusally. Hence, we have designed a chair side custom made jig to retract the canines individually.
pATsi: Paralogs and Singleton Genes from Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Ambrosino Luca , Bostan Hamed , di Salle Pasquale , Sangiovanni Mara , vigilante Alessandra , Chiusano Maria L.
Published: January 2016

Arabidopsis thaliana is widely accepted as a model species in plant biology. Its genome, due to its small size and diploidy, was the first to be sequenced among plants, making this species also a reference for plant comparative genomics. Nevertheless, the evolutionary mechanisms that shaped the Arabidopsis genome are still controversial. Indeed, duplications, translocations, inversions, and gene loss events that contributed to the current organization are difficult to be traced. A reliable identification of paralogs and single-copy genes is essential to understand these mechanisms. Therefore, we implemented a dedicated pipeline to identify paralog genes and classify single-copy genes into opportune categories. PATsi, a web-accessible database, was organized to allow the straightforward access to the paralogs organized into networks and to the classification of single-copy genes. This permits to efficiently explore the gene collection of Arabidopsis for evolutionary investigations and comparative genomics.
Resilience and enterprise architecture in SMEs
Authors: Gomes Rui Silva
Published: January 2016

Considering that SMEs need to embrace the drivers of resilience and that a well-defined and readily available Enterprise Architecture (EA) supports enterprise integration by enabling the common view of business processes, data and systems across the enterprise and its partners, we can say that EA is one of the tracks making resilience predictable and it should support and collaborate with other resilience tracks. However, the EA frameworks do not give relevance to the activities that contribute most to business resilience, so this paper aims to clarify the dimensions and the activities related to the development of an EA and the touching points with other enterprise wide processes in order to guarantee that resilience requirements are met in SMEs. For this I propose an approach of ecological adaptation, and four architectures: business, organizational, information, and technological, although this paper only presents the Business and Organizational Architectures.
Paving the way to Smart Sustainable Cities: Transformation Models and Challenges
Authors: Ibrahim Maysoun , Adams Carl , El-Zaart Ali
Published: January 2016

Rapid urbanization and globalization make the move toward Smart Sustainable Cities (SSC) a must. Achieving successful transformation towards SSCs constitutes a significant challenge for policy makers. One area that is not well covered in the literature is the application of SSCs in specific regions, such as the Arab region. This paper draws upon examples of SSCs initiatives and existing SSC transformation frameworks to more fully articulate the challenges of achieving successful SSC projects across the Arab region. One of the interesting emergent themes is the emergence of two main approaches to SSCs transformation, Brownfield and Greenfield approaches.
Overview and analysis of current BIPV products: new criteria for supporting the technological transfer in the building sector
Authors: Bonomo Pierluigi , Chatzipanagi Anatoli , Frontini Francesco
Published: January 2016

The growing demand for nearly-Zero Energy Buildings is rapidly contributing to change the building skin from being a passive barrier towards a sensitive and active interface. Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) is a unique solution for delivering clean, safe, affordable and decentralized electricity to people transforming the building surfaces in active solar collectors. Despite photovoltaic (PV) technology and their basic usage are today known to everybody, the particular requirements for building integration have brought to the surface some issues over the years so that BIPV is still a niche market. Starting from this observation, the paper presents the results of an investigation on the current market of BIPV products for roofs and façade. The analysis aimed to identify the relevant possibilities the products today offer and the level of information that the producers make available within the technical description of BIPV systems. After disclosing the actual lack of information in comparison to conventional building products, the authors propose to implement a new “building-based” approach that could support the BIPV market by including a more comprehensive description of the product’s quality (today mainly comprising electrical and basic physical features). Such a “building-technology” perspective, also considering the recent normative framework in BIPV field, is expected to encourage the technological transfer of PV in the building sector by facilitating the daily work of architects, installers and the whole value chain.
Intentions of Young Farmers Club (YFC) Members to Pursue Career Preparation in Agriculture: The Case of Uganda
Authors: Mukembo Stephen C. , Edwards M. Craig , Ramsey Jon W. , Henneberry Shida R.
Published: January 2016

The decline of youth engagement in agriculture worldwide amidst an increasing global population remains a big challenge to ensuring food security for future generations. This phenomenon is worsened by the shortage of professional female agriculturists, though they comprise about 60% to 80% of the traditional workforce in the agriculture sector of most developing countries (Beintema & Di Marcantonio, 2009). This descriptive study had 102 participants who were members of Young Farmers Clubs (YFCs) from two secondary schools in eastern Uganda. The study’s purpose was to determine the perceptions of members of YFCs on their intent to pursue agriculture-related career preparation after graduating from secondary school, including indications of familial support for preparatory experiences. The findings indicate that a large majority (95.1%) of the students was likely or highly likely to continue with their education at the post-secondary level. A high percentage (70.6%) was likely or highly likely to pursue agriculture-related career preparation; however, significant differences existed between the sexes. Female club members were less certain than their male peers about pursuing higher education involving the study of agriculture. Additional research should be conducted on how to attract more females to study agriculture at the tertiary level, especially in developing countries.
Interdiciplinary Entrepreneurial Leadership Eduction and the Development of Agricultural Innovators
Authors: Mars Matthew M.
Published: January 2016

This article qualitatively explores the potential of entrepreneurial leadership curricula to encourage interdisciplinary interest in agricultural issues and prompt diverse student engagement in agricultural leadership and innovation. The study focuses specifically on the activities and perspectives of 15 undergraduate students who completed an interdisciplinary entrepreneurial leadership course offered at a large land grant university located in the Southwestern region of the United States. The student participants, who worked in teams of two to three to develop innovative solutions to current agricultural challenges, represented 15 different fields of study - 12 of which were outside of the disciplinary scope of agriculture. The potential implications of expanding agricultural leadership education beyond the disciplinary boundaries of the agricultural fields through entrepreneurial leadership curricula are considered. Particular attention is given to the likely implications of interdisciplinary learning on the development of a diverse entrepreneurial workforce that is motivated and equipped to lead in the initiation and implementation of agricultural innovation. The insights generated by the study illuminate the potential benefits associated with the development of interdisciplinary agricultural leadership curricula that supports the training and development of entrepreneurial leaders who can effectively forge and advance agricultural innovation.
Career and Family Balance of Texas Agricultural Science Teachers by Gender
Authors: Hainline Mark S. , Ulmer Jonathan D. , Ritz Rudy R. , Burris Scott , Gibson Courtney D.
Published: January 2016

With the high rates of agricultural teacher burnout and attrition in the United States, the need for teachers to strike a balance between their work and family responsibilities is imperative. The purpose of this research study was to explore the influence of gender on Texas agricultural teachers’ perceived job obligations and family responsibilities. Utilizing an online survey instrument, a census of agricultural science teachers in Texas for the 2013-2014 school year was attempted. A total of 567 Texas agricultural educators completed the instrument, for a response rate of 30.8%. The teachers’ involvement in household responsibilities accounted for an average of 22.63 hours per week. In addition to the hours teachers spent on their family responsibilities, an average of 58.65 hours per week were expended on the total agricultural education program (classroom instruction, FFA, and SAE). When comparing genders, female agricultural teachers, on average, reported exerting a surplus of 7.5 hours per week on family responsibilities as compared to male teachers. Findings of this study indicated female teachers’ spouses worked an average of 8.65 more hours per week outside of the home, in comparison to the spouses of their male counterparts.
Supporting Executive Function Skills in Early Childhood: Using a Peer Buddy Approach for Community, Confidence, and Citizenship
Authors: I. Harris Kathleen
Published: January 2016

This article provides a descriptive overview of a peer buddy program designed to develop and support young children’s executive functioning in early childhood classrooms. The author defines and categorizes executive function skills and analyzes their development in early childhood and benefits in the continued academic success of young children. The steps in creating a peer buddy program are explained, and a framework is provided for teachers to help the entire class develop effective executive function skills while facilitating positive social skills for classroom community building and citizenship. By supporting young children in their efforts to develop stronger executive function skills, teachers build resilience and help them discover their strengths for facilitating social interactions, problem-solving skills, and confidence in cognitive decision making to be successful citizens at home and in school.
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Macular Thickness Measurement in Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Yılmaz Uğur , Küçük Erkut , Ülgen Arzu , Özköse Ayse , Demircan Suleyman , Ulusoy Dondu M. , Zararsız Gökmen
Published: January 2016

Purpose

To investigate the retina and macular thickness in patients with schizophrenia and to compare the results with those of healthy controls.

Methods

Sixty-eight eyes of 34 patients with schizophrenia and 60 eyes of 30 randomly selected healthy volunteers were involved in the study. Measurements of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, macula thickness, and macula volume were taken in both eyes using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0.

Results

Average and nasal RNFL thicknesses were found to be significantly lower in the patient group than the control group (p = 0.030, p = 0.04, respectively). Macular thicknesses of nasal outer and inferior outer quadrants in the patient group were significantly lower than in the control group (p = 0.009, p = 0.027, respectively). Average macular thickness and macular thicknesses in the superior outer, superior inner, temporal outer, temporal inner, nasal inner, and inferior inner areas were lower in the patient group compared to the control group, but not significantly (p = 1.000, p = 1.000, p = 0.837, p = 1.000, p = 0.279, p = 1.000, p = 0.180, respectively).

Conclusions

We detected RNFL and macular thinning in patients with schizophrenia. Based on these findings and results of other studies evaluating retina using OCT and brain magnetic resonance imaging studies in patients with schizophrenia, a neurodegenerative process may be an underlying pathologic mechanism in this disease.
Resolution of Vitreomacular Traction and Pigment Epithelium Detachment
Authors: Corvi Federico , Souied Eric H. , Querques Giuseppe
Published: January 2016

Purpose

To report a case of spontaneous combined resolution of vitreomacular traction (VMT) and pigment epithelial detachment (PED).

Methods

A 70-year-old woman presented with a 10-day history of metamorphopsia in her right eye. Medical history was unremarkable. The patient underwent a complete ophthalmic examination. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/50 in the right eye. Fundus examination, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed a shallow elevated area with irregular edges suggestive of drusenoid avascular PED associated with VMT.

Results

During the follow-up, OCT showed combined resolution of VMT and PED with almost complete normalization of the outer retinal layers; BCVA increased to 20/40.

Conclusions

The temporal sequence of events in our case strongly suggests that the spontaneous resolution of PED could be the consequence of or could be favorably influenced by the VMT resolution.
Predictors of Prostate Cancer in Ultrasound-Guided Transperineal Saturation Biopsy in Turkish Men with Multiple Prior Negative Biopsies
Authors: Yazici Sertac , Kiziloz Halil , Bozaci Ali Cansu , Baydar Dilek Ertoy , Del Biondo Dario , Ozen Haluk
Published: January 2016

Background

Transperineal prostate biopsy (STPB) is associated with an improved cancer detection rate and an increase in anterior and apical prostate cancers compared to standard transrectal biopsy.

Patients and Methods

A total of 48 men with at least two sets of prior prostate biopsies underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided STPB. Prostate rebiopsy indications were serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels greater than 2.5 ng/mL and/or abnormal digital rectal examination and/or presence of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN; ≥2 cores) or atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) at previous biopsies. The procedure was performed at dorsal lithotomy position under general anesthesia using a perineal 0.5 cm brachytherapy template attached to the transrectal ultrasound probe. Specimens from each zone were sent separately for pathological examination.

Results

Mean PSA level at STPB was 15.9 ng/mL (range 4.03 to 59.57). An average of 54.5 cores was obtained. Prostate adenocarcinoma was detected in 15 of 48 (31%) patients. Mean percentage of malignant cores was 11.9%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age and presence of ASAP or HGPIN at previous biopsies were independent predictors of prostate cancer (p<0.05). No major complications, including sepsis and severe urinary or rectal bleeding, were observed in any of the patients. Five patients (10%) developed acute urinary retention after the procedure requiring urethral catheterization.

Conclusions

Considerable number of patients with negative multiple biopsies were diagnosed with prostate cancer. STPB is a well-tolerated procedure with minimal morbidity, which can be considered for the diagnosis of prostate cancer in patients with previous negative biopsies.
How Do Raters Judge Spoken Vocabulary?
Authors: Li Hui
Published: January 2016

The aim of the study was to investigate how raters come to their decisions when judging spoken vocabulary. Segmental rating was introduced to quantify raters’ decision-making process. It is hoped that this simulated study brings fresh insight to future methodological considerations with spoken data. Twenty trainee raters assessed five Chinese students’ monologic texts on vocabulary in this study. Both segmental rating and overall rating were retrieved from the raters. Rasch analysis suggested variation between raters in their judgment of vocabulary, although consistency was found in general. Besides, there was a mismatch between candidates’ vocabulary scores and their lexical statistics. The raters’ decision-making process was generally cumulative.
Stabilization of Polypropylene for Rotational Molding Applications
Authors: Emaldi Iñaki , Liauw Christopher Mark , Potgieter Herman
Published: January 2016

Rotational molding (RM) is a useful process for making large hollow objects. Due to its relatively high toughness and forgiving thermal oxidative degradation behavior, polyethylene is a most widely used material. However, it has too low elastic modulus for some important applications which leads to adaptation of polypropylene (PP) as a RM material. PP requires specially tailored antioxidant (AO) packages if it is to have any chance of surviving the often long (up to ca. 30 minutes) cycle times associated with RM. During the study the addition of the following stabilizers and antioxidants (AO) to the PP copolymer were investigated: a hindered phenolic primary AO, a phosphite secondary AO, a thioester secondary AO and a hindered amine light stabilizer. Synergistic effects between the primary and secondary AOs, as well as optimum heating times, were investigated. During the investigation formulations were prepared by compression molding and bench-scale RM. The combination resulting in the most effective synergism is the hindered phenolic primary antioxidant combined with the phosphite secondary antioxidant. A gel silica controlled release agent for the stabilizers was also investigated but did not yield significant improvements in stabilization.
Study and Characterization of Polyaniline at Various Doping of LiCl wt.% Using Electrical Measurements and XRF Analysis
Authors: Chaqmaqchee Faten Adel Ismael , Baker Amera Ghareeb
Published: January 2016

Polyaniline PANI samples were synthesized via chemical polymerization method. The mechanism of charge transport in these composites has been studies by measuring the DC conductivity at various lithium chloride LiCl wt.%. It shows that their activation energy decreases with increasing LiCl concentration and thus, the conductivity increases at 15 %wt. In addition, X-ray Fluorescence XRF was used to analysis the elements of PANI regarding to LiCl concentration. The elements positively detected by the XRF are Cl, Kr, SO3, Al2O3, SiO2, and ZrO2. The XRF data show a relative systematic error typically independent of the concentration. The accuracy is determined by comparing the XRF data with various LiCl wt.%.
Estudio de los Portafolios en el Practicum: Análisis de un PLE-Portafolios
Authors: Cebrián-de-la-Serna Manuel , Bartolomé-Pina Antonio , Cebrián-Robles Daniel , Ruiz-Torres Mayerly
Published: January 2016

Los portafolios han demostrado ser eficaces en la enseñanza universitaria cuando cumplen ciertos prerrequisitos -p.e. ratio-. La literatura coincide en que no es una metodología generalizada en las universidades. La asignatura del Practicum tiene condiciones favorables para el uso de ePortafolios. Por tanto nos preguntamos: ¿Qué condiciones existen para la utilización de ePortafolios en el practicum de los grados de Educación en España?, ¿qué nivel de utilización hay? y ¿qué problemas de comprensión manifiestan los estudiantes en los ePortafolios? La investigación presenta dos estudios: uno de metodología descriptiva con 31 entrevistas a gestores del Practicum de todos los grados en 10 Facultades de Educación, junto con el análisis de contenidos mediante categoría de 256 guías del Practicum de todos los grados de 36 Facultades de Educación en España. Un segundo estudio de análisis de contenidos analiza las 592 anotaciones de 212 estudiantes al presentar y evaluar las evidencias en el ePortafolios. Los resultados revelan que hay 11 estudiantes por tutor con 2,88h de media para tutorizar y evaluar con ePortafolios. Siendo el correo (entre el 37,77% y el 46,66%)  seguido de las plataformas las tecnologías más utilizadas. Las eRúbricas y anotaciones de vídeo ayudan a documentar las evidencias, sin embargo, los estudiantes siguen mostrando dificultades en ciertas competencias
Glutaminase 2 is a novel negative regulator of small GTPase Rac1 and mediates p53 function in suppressing metastasis
Authors: Zhang Cen , Liu Juan , Zhao Yuhan , Yue Xuetian , Zhu Yu , Wang Xiaolong , Wu Hao , Blanco Felix , Li Shaohua , Bhanot Gyan , Haffty Bruce G , Hu Wenwei , Feng Zhaohui
Published: January 2016

Glutaminase (GLS) isoenzymes GLS1 and GLS2 are key enzymes for glutamine metabolism. Interestingly, GLS1 and GLS2 display contrasting functions in tumorigenesis with elusive mechanism; GLS1 promotes tumorigenesis, whereas GLS2 exhibits a tumor-suppressive function. In this study, we found that GLS2 but not GLS1 binds to small GTPase Rac1 and inhibits its interaction with Rac1 activators guanine-nucleotide exchange factors, which in turn inhibits Rac1 to suppress cancer metastasis. This function of GLS2 is independent of GLS2 glutaminase activity. Furthermore, decreased GLS2 expression is associated with enhanced metastasis in human cancer. As a p53 target, GLS2 mediates p53’s function in metastasis suppression through inhibiting Rac1. In summary, our results reveal that GLS2 is a novel negative regulator of Rac1, and uncover a novel function and mechanism whereby GLS2 suppresses metastasis. Our results also elucidate a novel mechanism that contributes to the contrasting functions of GLS1 and GLS2 in tumorigenesis.
Primo Vascular System: A Unique Biological System Shifting a Medical Paradigm
Authors: Chikly Bruno , Roberts Paul , Quaghebeur Jörgen
Published: January 2016

The primo vascular system has a specific anatomical and immunohistochemical signature that sets it apart from the arteriovenous and lymphatic systems. With immune and endocrine functions, the primo vascular system has been found to play a large role in biological processes, including tissue regeneration, inflammation, and cancer metastases. Although scientifically confirmed in 2002, the original discovery was made in the early 1960s by Bong-Han Kim, a North Korean scientist. It would take nearly 40 years after that discovery for scientists to revisit Kim’s research to confirm the early findings. The presence of primo vessels in and around blood and lymph vessels, nerves, viscera, and fascia, as well as in the brain and spinal cord, reveals a common link that could potentially open novel possibilities of integration with cranial, lymphatic, visceral, and fascial approaches in manual medicine.
Linking Community Hospital Initiatives With Osteopathic Medical Students’ Quality Improvement Training: A Pilot Program
Authors: Brannan Grace D. , Russ Ronald , Winemiller Terry R. , Mast Eric
Published: January 2016

Quality improvement (QI) continues to be a health care challenge, and the literature indicates that osteopathic medical students need more training. To qualify for portions of managed care reimbursement, hospitals are required to meet measures intended to improve quality of care and patient satisfaction, which may be challenging for small community hospitals with limited resources. Because osteopathic medical training is grounded on community hospital experiences, an opportunity exists to align the outcomes needs of hospitals and QI training needs of students. In this pilot program, 3 sponsoring hospitals recruited and mentored 1 osteopathic medical student each through a QI project. A mentor at each hospital identified a project that was important to the hospital’s patient care QI goals. This pilot program provided osteopathic medical students with hands-on QI training, created opportunities for interprofessional collaboration, and contributed to hospital initiatives to improve patient outcomes.
Novel polymer composite having diamond particles and boron nitride platelets for thermal management of electric vehicle motors
Authors: Nakajima Anri , Shoji Atsushi , Yonemori Kei , Seo Nobuhide
Published: January 2016

Thermal conductivities of silicone matrix polymers including fillers of diamond particles and/or hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) platelets were systematically investigated in an attempt to find a thermal interface material (TIM) having high isotropic thermal conductivity and high electrical insulating ability to enable efficient heat dissipation from the motor coil ends of electric vehicles. The TIM with mixed fillers of diamond particles and h-BN platelets had a maximum thermal conductivity of 6.1 W m−1 K−1 that was almost isotropic. This is the highest value among the thermal conductivities of TIMs with silicone matrix polymer reported to date. The mechanism behind the thermal conductivity of the TIMs was also examined from the viewpoint of the change in the number of thermally conductive networks and/or a decrease in the thermal resistivity of junctions of neighboring diamond particles through the incorporation of h-BN platelets. The TIMs developed in this study will make it possible to manage the heat of electric motors and will help to popularize electric vehicles.
Improvement of on/off ratio in organic field-effect transistor with carrier generation layer using oblique deposition
Authors: Tamura Hidetsugu , Minagawa Masahiro , Baba Akira , Shinbo Kazunari , Kato Keizo , Kaneko Futao
Published: January 2016

Improvement of the on/off ratio in carrier-generation type organic field-effect transistors with pentacene and MoO3 layers was attempted using oblique deposition. A MoO3 layer was formed only between the gold (Au) source and the drain electrodes, and devices with a MoO3 layer evaporated under various deposition angles were fabricated. A formation of a MoO3-free area is expected adjacent to the source or drain electrode by the oblique deposition. The off-current in the device decreased and the on/off ratio was increased with increasing deposition angle, and we achieved a fabricating device with a MoO3 layer having high on/off ratio, almost the same as that of the device without the MoO3 layer. From those results, we deduced that charge-transfer (CT) complexes at the pentacene/MoO3 interface formed a high-conductive path for the off-current, and the off-current was reduced by the formation of a highly-resistive MoO3-free area between electrodes. Therefore, controlling the CT complex layer formation by patterning the MoO3 layer can reduce the amount of off-current and improve the on/off ratio.
The identity of the South African toadSclerophrys capensisTschudi, 1838 (Amphibia, Anura)
Authors: Ohler Annemarie , Dubois Alain
Published: January 2016

The toad speciesSclerophrys capensisTschudi, 1838 was erected for a single specimen from South Africa which has never been properly studied and allocated to a known species. A morphometrical and morphological analysis of this specimen and its comparison with 75 toad specimens referred to five South African toad species allowed to allocate this specimen to the species currently known asAmietophrynus rangeri. In consequence, the nomenSclerophrysmust replaceAmietophrynusas the valid nomen of the genus, andcapensisas the valid nomen of the species. This work stresses the usefulness of natural history collections for solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems.
Patient safety in intravenous therapy in the intensive care unit
Authors: Alves Kisna Yasmin Andrade , Costa Théo Duarte da , Barros Adriana Gonçalves de , Lima Kálya Yasmine Nunes de , Santos Viviane Euzébia Pereira
Published: January 2016

Objetivo: Identificar as evidências científicas sobre Segurança do Paciente (SP) na terapia intravenosa em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Método: Revisão integrativa realizada no Banco de Teses da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e no portal Centro Colaborador para Qualidade do Cuidado e Segurança do Paciente (PROQUALIS). Resultados: De 21 produções, sete estudos mencionam à terapia intravenosa. Os estudos, categorizados nos níveis de evidências 1, 2 e 7, contemplam os aspectos estruturais, materiais e de atuação profissional das etapas de prescrição, dispensação, preparo e administração dos medicamentos. As produções possuem níveis de evidência baixos, e, portanto, não apresentam grau de recomendação forte. Conclusão: Acredita-se que para o estabelecimento e manutenção da SP na terapia intravenosa em UTI se faz necessário maior investimento em pesquisas com níveis de evidência mais elevados e preparo profissional para atuação conforme as práticas preconizadas.
Communitarian therapy and nursing: the phenomenon and its context
Authors: Rangel Clara Tavares , Miranda Francisco Arnoldo Nunes de , Oliveira Kalyane Kelly Duarte de
Published: January 2016

Objetivo: analisar contextualmente o fenômeno da prática da enfermagem a partir da Terapia Comunitária Integrativa pela sumarização das produções brasileiras. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa associada ao referencial teórico de Hinds, Chaves e Cypress para discutir o fenômeno a partir de seus contextos. Resultados:  Emergiram-se contextos sobre a atuação da enfermagem na Terapia Comunitária Integrativa, a Implantação das práticas complementares e integrativas, a Produção do conhecimento sobre essa terapia e a proposta de paradigma emergente. Conclusão: A aplicação da Terapia Comunitária Integrativa surge como uma das novas práticas de atuação dos profissionais de saúde diante da vivência da nova proposta paradigmática, o que requer romper com o modelo da ciência moderna focada no biologicismo, desconstrução de percepção e formulação de novas formas de pensar.
A comparison of long‐term changes in seismicity at The Geysers, Salton Sea, and Coso geothermal fields
Authors: Trugman Daniel T. , Shearer Peter M. , Borsa Adrian A. , Fialko Yuri
Published: January 2016

Geothermal energy is an important source of renewable energy, yet its production is known to induce seismicity. Here we analyze seismicity at the three largest geothermal fields in California: The Geysers, Salton Sea, and Coso. We focus on resolving the temporal evolution of seismicity rates, which provides important observational constraints on how geothermal fields respond to natural and anthropogenic loading. We develop an iterative, regularized inversion procedure to partition the observed seismicity rate into two components: (1) the interaction rate due to earthquake‐earthquake triggering and (2) the smoothly varying background rate controlled by other time‐dependent stresses, including anthropogenic forcing. We apply our methodology to compare long‐term changes in seismicity to monthly records of fluid injection and withdrawal. At The Geysers, we find that the background seismicity rate is highly correlated with fluid injection, with the mean rate increasing by approximately 50% and exhibiting strong seasonal fluctuations following construction of the Santa Rosa pipeline in 2003. In contrast, at both Salton Sea and Coso, the background seismicity rate has remained relatively stable since 1990, though both experience short‐term rate fluctuations that are not obviously modulated by geothermal plant operation. We also observe significant temporal variations in Gutenberg‐Richter b value, earthquake magnitude distribution, and earthquake depth distribution, providing further evidence for the dynamic evolution of stresses within these fields. The differing field‐wide responses to fluid injection and withdrawal may reflect differences in in situ reservoir conditions and local tectonics, suggesting that a complex interplay of natural and anthropogenic stressing controls seismicity within California's geothermal fields.
Investigating the spread in surface albedo for snow‐covered forests in CMIP5 models
Authors: Wang Libo , Cole Jason N. S. , Bartlett Paul , Verseghy Diana , Derksen Chris , Brown Ross , von Salzen Knut
Published: January 2016

This study investigates the role of leaf/plant area index (LAI/PAI) specification on the large spread of winter albedo simulated by climate models. To examine the sensitivity of winter albedo to LAI, we perform a sensitivity analysis using two methods commonly used to compute albedo in snow‐covered forests as well as diagnostic calculations within version 4.2 of the Canadian Atmospheric Model for which PAI is systematically varied. The results show that the simulated albedo is very sensitive to negative PAI biases, especially for smaller PAI values. The LAI and surface albedo of boreal forests in the presence of snow simulated by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models are evaluated using satellite observations. The evaluation of CMIP5 models suggest that inaccurate tree cover fraction due to improper plant functional type specification or erroneous LAI parameterization in some models explains, in part, an observed positive bias in winter albedo over boreal forest regions of the Northern Hemisphere. This contributes to a large intermodel spread in simulated surface albedo in the presence of snow over these regions and is largely responsible for uncertainties in simulated snow‐albedo feedback strength. Errors are largest (+20–40%) in models with large underestimation of LAI but are typically within ±15% when simulated LAI is within the observed range. This study underscores the importance of accurate representation of vegetation distribution and parameters in realistic simulation of surface albedo.
Uncertainty in future projections of the North Pacific subtropical high and its implication for California winter precipitation change
Authors: Choi Jung , Lu Jian , Son Seok‐Woo , Frierson Dargan M. W. , Yoon Jin‐Ho
Published: January 2016

This study examines future projections of sea level pressure change in the North Pacific and its impact on winter precipitation changes in California. The multimodel analysis, based on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 models under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario, shows a robust sea level pressure change in the late 21st century over the western North Pacific in which both the Aleutian Low and the North Pacific subtropical high (NPSH) shift poleward in concert with a widening of the Hadley cell. This change is partly explained by a systematic increase of static stability in the subtropics. Despite its robustness, the projected NPSH changes over the eastern North Pacific exhibit a substantial intermodel spread, contributing as a cause for uncertain projections of precipitation changes in California. This intermodel spread in the eastern North Pacific is associated with a Pacific Decadal Oscillation‐like surface temperature change in the western North Pacific and the resulting meridional temperature gradient change. This study points to a major source of uncertainty for the response of winter precipitation to global warming over the West Coast of North America: atmosphere‐ocean coupling in the North Pacific.
The attachment process of rocket‐triggered lightning dart‐stepped leaders
Authors: Hill J. D. , Uman M. A. , Jordan D. M. , Ngin T. , Gamerota W. R. , Pilkey J. , Caicedo J.
Published: January 2016

Time‐correlated 1.54 µs high‐speed video frames, channel‐base current and current derivative (dI/dt), and electric field derivative (dE/dt) measurements are used to analyze the attachment process of triggered lightning dart‐stepped leaders. Lengths, speeds, and durations of the upward‐connecting positive leaders propagating from the launching structure are measured and calculated. The “leader burst” occurring immediately preceding the dE/dt slow front is demonstrated to be a distinctly different process from the preceding downward dart‐stepped leader steps and is associated with the fast increase in channel‐base current due to the initial interactions of the downward and upward leader streamer zones. Locations of the leader burst pulses are found to occur within or immediately above the connection region. Pulses superimposed on the dE/dt slow front are shown to occur after the initial connection between the downward and upward leaders and are associated with kiloampere‐scale increases in the channel‐base current. Subsequent fast‐transition pulses are found to produce multiple kiloampere‐scale increases in the channel‐base current. Observed time delays between dE/dt and dI/dt peaks for slow front and fast‐transition pulses confirm the existence of an elevated junction point between the downward and upward leaders. Average downward current wave speeds for fast‐transition pulses are found to be a factor of 2 to 2.5 faster than those for slow‐front pulses. For 51 dart‐stepped leader events, the average total duration of the attachment process, starting with the initial fast current increase and ending with the peak of the final dI/dt fast‐transition pulse, is measured to be 1.77 µs.
White House Releases National Space Weather Strategy and Action Plan
Authors: Jonas Seth , McCarron Eoin D.
Published: January 2016

Key Points

White House releases National Space Weather Strategy and Action Plan

Federal interagency space weather policy articulates the Federal Government role in space weather

The strategy and action plan facilitate enhancement of national preparedness and resilience
Probing Bulk Transport, Interfacial Disorders, and Molecular Orientations of Amorphous Semiconductors in a Thin‐Film Transistor Configuration
Authors: Sit Wai‐Yu , Cheung Sin Hang , Chan Cyrus Yiu Him , Tsung Ka Kin , Tsang Sai Wing , So Shu Kong
Published: January 2016

Thin film transistors (TFTs) can be used to determine the bulk‐like mobilities of amorphous semiconductors. Different amine‐based organic hole transporting materials (HTs) used in organic light‐emitting diodes have been investigated. In addition, the present study also measures the TFT hole mobilities of two iridium phosphors: Ir(ppy)3 and Ir(piq)3. These materials are grown separately on SiO2 and polystyrene (PS). On SiO2, the TFT mobilities are found to be 1–2 orders smaller than the bulk values obtained by time‐of‐flight (TOF) technique. On PS gate dielectric layer, the TFT mobilities are in good agreement TOF data. Only 10 nm of organic semiconductor is sufficient for TFTs to achieve TOF mobilities. Using the Gaussian disorder model, it is found that on SiO2 surface, when compared to the bulk values, the energetic disorders (s) of the HTs increase and simultaneously, the high temperature limits (µ∞) of the carrier mobilities decrease. Both s and µ∞ contribute to the reduction of the carrier mobility. The increase in s is related to the presence of randomly oriented polar Si‐O bonds. The reduction of µ∞ on SiO2 is related to the orientations of the more planar molecules which tend to lie horizontally on the surface.
Transient Extraction of Holes and Electrons Separately Unveils the Transport Dynamics in Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Peng Jiajun , Chen Xiaoqing , Chen Yani , Sandberg Oskar J. , Österbacka Ronald , Liang Ziqi
Published: January 2016

We have utilized the metal–insulator–semiconductor charge extraction by linearly increasing voltage (MIS‐CELIV) technique to clarify the hole‐ and electron‐transport properties in benchmark poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and its blend with phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) by using a thick lithium fluoride (LiF) as the charge‐blocking layer. Both dark and light MIS‐CELIV are employed to comparatively investigate the differences in the recombination process and charge mobilities in neat P3HT and P3HT:PCBM blends. Our studies quantitatively show that balanced hole and electron transport can be achieved in the P3HT:PCBM blend under light illumination, leading to a high efficiency in the photovoltaic cell. Furthermore, light MIS‐CELIV can be employed as a novel method to directly evaluate the capability of photoelectric conversion of organic photovoltaic materials.
Effect of confinement on the bubble points of hydrocarbons in nanoporous media
Authors: Luo Sheng , Nasrabadi Hadi , Lutkenhaus Jodie L.
Published: January 2016

The bubble point of reservoir petroleum fluids in nanoporous media is an important parameter in shale oil production. We present experimental results on the bubble points of octane and decane confined in controlled‐pore glasses (CPGs) with pore sizes of 4.3 and 38.1 nm. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is used to measure the temperature at which the vapor phase begins to form (i.e., the bubble point). We find that the bubble point is dramatically affected by pore diameter: at 38.1 nm the confinement effect is insignificant, but at 4.3 nm two distinct bubble points appear, suggesting two distinct populations of evaporating fluid. Deviations are as great as ±15 K for both peaks relative to the bulk bubble point for 4.3 nm CPGs. Thermogravimetric analysis is consistent with DSC, supporting the validity of these results. Based on these experiments and previous simulations, we propose a two‐state model for the nanoconfined hydrocarbons. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 1772–1780, 2016
Origin of the Ability of α‐Fe2O3 Mesopores to Activate C−H Bonds in Methane
Authors: Dong Bing , Han Zhen , Zhang Yongbo , Yu Youyi , Kong Aiguo , Shan Yongkui
Published: January 2016

Methane is a most abundant and inexpensive hydrocarbon feedstock for the production of chemicals and fuels. However, it is extremely difficult to directly convert methane to higher hydrocarbons because the C−H bonds in methane are the most stable C−H bonds of all hydrocarbons. The activation of the C−H bonds in methane by using an efficient and mild route remains a daunting challenge. Here, we show that the inner surface structures of the pore walls in mesoporous α‐Fe2O3 possess excellent catalytic performance for methane activation and convert C−H bonds into the C−O bonds in an O2 atmosphere at 140 °C. We found that such unusual structures are mainly comprised of turbostratic ribbons and K crystal faces and have higher catalytic activity than the (110) plane. These results are without precedent in the history of catalysis chemistry and will provide a new pathway for designing and preparing highly efficient catalytic materials.
Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies on Surfaces: Reactivity Tuning through Capping‐Layer and Cross‐Linker Design
Authors: Shankar Sreejith , Orbach Meital , Kaminker Revital , Lahav Michal , van der Boom Milko E.
Published: January 2016

The immobilization of metal nanoparticles (NPs) with molecular control over their organization is challenging. Herein, we report the formation of molecularly cross‐linked AuNP assemblies using a layer‐by‐layer approach. We observed four types of assemblies: 1) small aggregates of individual AuNPs, 2) large aggregates of individual AuNPs, 3) networks of fused AuNPs, and 4) gold islands. Interestingly, these assemblies with the different cross‐linkers and capping layers represent different stages in the complete fusion of AuNPs to afford islands of continuous gold. We demonstrate that the stability toward fusion of the nanoparticles of the on‐surface structures can be controlled by the reactivity of the cross‐linkers and the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of the nanoparticles.
Magnetic and Electrochemical Properties of a TEMPO‐Substituted Disulfide Diradical in Solution, in the Crystal, and on a Surface
Authors: Lloveras Vega , Badetti Elena , Wurst Klaus , Chechik Victor , Veciana Jaume , Vidal‐Gancedo José
Published: January 2016

A study of the magnetic and electrochemical properties of a TEMPO‐substituted disulfide diradical in three different environments was carried out: in solution, in the crystal, and as a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) on an Au(111) substrate, and the relationship between them was explored. In solution, this flexible diradical shows a strong spin‐exchange interaction between the two nitroxide functions that depends on the temperature and solvent. Structural, dynamic, and thermodynamic information has been extracted from the EPR spectra of this dinitroxide. The magnetic interactions in the crystal include intra‐ and intermolecular contributions, which have been studied separately and shown to be antiferromagnetic in both cases. Finally, we demonstrate that both the magnetic and electrochemical properties are preserved upon chemisorption of the diradical on a gold surface. The resulting SAM displayed anisotropic magnetic properties, and angle‐resolved EPR spectra of the monocrystal allowed a rough determination of the orientation of the molecules in the SAM.
Squalyl Crown Ether Self‐Assembled Conjugates: An Example of Highly Selective Artificial K+ Channels
Authors: Sun Zhanhu , Gilles Arnaud , Kocsis Istvan , Legrand Yves‐Marie , Petit Eddy , Barboiu Mihail
Published: January 2016

The natural KcsA K+ channel, one of the best‐characterized biological pore structures, conducts K+ cations at high rates while excluding Na+ cations. The KcsA K+ channel is of primordial inspiration for the design of artificial channels. Important progress in improving conduction activity and K+/Na+ selectivity has been achieved with artificial ion‐channel systems. However, simple artificial systems exhibiting K+/Na+ selectivity and mimicking the biofunctions of the KcsA K+ channel are unknown. Herein, an artificial ion channel formed by H‐bonded stacks of squalyl crown ethers, in which K+ conduction is highly preferred to Na+ conduction, is reported. The K+‐channel behavior is interpreted as arising from discreet stacks of dimers resulting in the formation of oligomeric channels, in which transport of cations occurs through macrocycles mixed with dimeric carriers undergoing dynamic exchange within the bilayer membrane. The present highly K+‐selective macrocyclic channel can be regarded as a biomimetic alternative to the KcsA channel.
Charge‐Transfer‐Induced Fluorescence Quenching of Anthracene Derivatives and Selective Detection of Picric Acid
Authors: Santra Dines Chandra , Bera Manas Kumar , Sukul Pradip Kumar , Malik Sudip
Published: January 2016

2,6‐Divinylpyridine‐appended anthracene derivatives flanked by two alkyl chains at the 9,10‐position of the core have been designed, synthesized, and characterized by NMR, MALDI‐TOF, FTIR, and single‐crystal XRD. These anthracene derivatives are able to recognize picric acid (2,4,6‐trinitrophenol, PA) selectively down to parts per billion (ppb) level in aqueous as well as nonaqueous medium. Fluorescence emission of these derivatives in solution is significantly quenched by adding trace amounts of PA, even in the presence of other competing analogues, such as 2,4‐dinitrophenol (2,4‐DNP), 4‐nitrophenol (NP), nitrobenzene (NB), benzoic acid (BA), and phenol (PH). The high sensitivity of these derivatives toward PA is considered as a combined effect of the proton‐induced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) as well as electron transfer from the electron‐rich anthracene to the electron‐deficient PA. Moreover, visual detection of PA has been successfully demonstrated in the solid state by using different substrates.
Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates Catalysed by Chromium and Aluminium Salphen Complexes
Authors: Castro‐Osma José A. , North Michael , Wu Xiao
Published: January 2016

Chromium and aluminium salphen complexes have been found to display remarkable catalytic activity in the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from a range of epoxides and carbon dioxide. The Al(salphen) complex is more reactive towards terminal epoxides at ambient temperature and pressure, whereas the Cr(salphen) complex exhibits higher catalytic activity towards more challenging internal epoxides at elevated temperature and pressure.