bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
14. A Man and a Lion
Authors: Molin Dorota
Published: June 2022

A poor man felt desperate, unable to feed his children. He decided to gather some wood in the forest to try to make some money. He knew that this was dangerous because the mountain was ruled by a lion. In the forest, he met the lion and struck a deal with him: he was to bring him food and in return, the lion would let him take wood back with him. After some time, the man invited the lion for dinner to express his gratitude to him. He, however, also asked his wife to serve him separately from the lion. The lion took offence. The next day, the lion was angry and told the man to strike him on the head with his axe. Some days later the lion showed him that the wound on his head had healed. He, however, still felt scarred by the man’s proud words and devoured the man as a punishment. The moral of the tale is that ‘the impact of a sword heals, but that of words does not.’
15. A Man and a Snake
Authors: Molin Dorota
Published: June 2022

A poor man used to go into the wild to cut wood. He would play his flute (zurna) and a snake would appear and dance for him. In the end, the snake would always give the man two coins from its hidden treasure. After some time, the man became greedy and decided to kill the snake in order to get all of its money at once. He tried to kill the snake with a rock, but could not. Instead, the snake attacked the man, killing him on the spot with his venom as a punishment for his betrayal.
16. A Man and a Wolf
Authors: Molin Dorota
Published: June 2022

There was a poor man who tried to make his living by cutting wood and selling it at the market. One day, he met a wolf in the forest. When the wolf learnt about the man’s hardship, he promised to give him a golden coin to bolster his income each time the man came to cut wood. The man was very happy. After some time, the man invited the wolf to dinner to express his gratitude to him. After the feast, the wolf overheard the man’s wife saying that she detested the smell of his mouth. The wolf took offence. The next day, the wolf commanded the man to strike him with his axe on his head and told him to come back in forty days. When the man returned, the wolf showed him that the wound on his head had healed. He still, however, felt scarred by the words of the man’s wife. He said, ‘a wound caused by a blow man may forget, but a wound caused by words is never forgotten.’ He told the man never to return to the forest.
18. A Dog, a Ewe and a Wolf
Authors: Molin Dorota
Published: June 2022

A ewe who was living with a dog asked the dog to take her out to graze on the pasture. While grazing, the dog briefly left the ewe to get some food for himself. As soon as he left, a wolf appeared, accusing the ewe of trespassing on his land. The ewe said that he needed a witness to prove that the land was indeed his, and the wolf left to bring a fox to testify for him. In the meantime, the dog returned and swore to protect the ewe from the wolf. A fox came with the wolf and was about to swear falsely that the pasture belonged to the wolf. At that moment, however, the dog appeared and killed both the wolf and the lying fox. The dog and the ewe lived in peace.
21. A Man and His Dog
Authors: Mohammadirad Masoud
Published: June 2022

This story is about a certain Uncle Gawro (K. Mām Gawro) and his dog. Once, Uncle Gawro’s dog bit the daughter of Gawro’s neighbour. The girl was taken to Erbil since it was feared that the dog had rabies. Uncle Gawro was also taken to Erbil along with his dog in order to have the dog examined. It turned out that the dog did not have rabies, and Mām Gawro was set free. Since he was angry with the dog, Uncle Gawro beat him with a stick. Then he left his dog behind and went to the market in Erbil to buy some items for his supermarket in Shaqlawa. He came back home on a bus. On arriving home, he saw that his dog was already waiting at his house, wagging his tail for him. Uncle Gawro was astonished that his dog could find his way all the way from Erbil to Shaqlawa. He was amazed by his dog’s loyalty towards him and regretted beating him.
25. As Precious As Salt
Authors: Aloni Oz , Molin Dorota
Published: June 2022

A king asked his three daughters how much they loved him. The youngest replied that she loved him as much as salt in food, which he took as an insult. He was furious and expelled the princess from the palace. She went to the royal orchard, where she found a young man lying under a fig tree. This was a lazy boy who could not be persuaded to take up any work. She taught him how to make a living. He went to the market and found work as a wood-cutter. He found gold in the cave where he stored the wood. He and the princess became very rich and built a palace. The princess—disguised as a beggar woman—invited the king to a feast. The king came, but was served food without salt, which he found disgusting. The princess invited him for another dinner, in which she served delicious food seasoned with salt. The king complimented her and she revealed herself to him. The girl and the young man got married and lived happily ever after.
32. Mirza Muhammad and the Forty Monsters
Authors: Noorlander Paul M.
Published: June 2022

Mirza Muhammad, the youngest of three princes, fulfilled his father’s last wish to be buried on a hill to which a mare would lead him. While taking turns to guard his grave at night, Mirza Muhammad defeats forty monsters (ḥambušaye) and their mother. Then his brothers wanted to break into the palace of a king who had three daughters. With Mirza Muhammad’s help, they manage to get inside the palace. He killed the forty monsters and catapulted himself past the guards. He saved the king from a black scorpion by piercing the wall with his dagger, and claimed the three princesses for him and his brothers. The king did not know who had saved him. Mirza Muhammad’s brothers wanted to prove themselves as heroes, but failed. Then Mirza Muhammad revealed himself as the king’s saviour, and the king rewarded him and his brothers by giving them the three princesses in marriage.
35. Mar Yohanan (St. John)
Authors: Khan Geoffrey
Published: June 2022

A king had an only son called Yohanan. When the boy was young, he used to enjoy praying with a monk, who used to come to visit from time to time. When the boy grew older, he wanted to leave home and go to live in a monastery with the monk. His parents did not allow it. He left secretly with the monk. They, however, had to return due to a storm. He told his parents that he was determined to leave. His father gave him a book of the Gospel as a parting gift. In the monastery, the boy became ill since he gave away half of his food to beggars. An angel appeared in the dreams of the abbot and of Yohanan giving instructions that Yohanan should return to his parents, since he did not have long to live. When he returned, he did not identify himself to his parents, who did not recognise him. Eventually, his mother identified him through the book of the Gospel he was holding and a birth mark. He requested that his mother build a church in his name when he died.
36. Mar Giwargis (St. George)
Authors: Molin Dorota
Published: June 2022

Giwargis was a Greek military leader. He came to a city steeped in moral corruption, but defended the locals from a serpent. He also saved the king’s daughter, who was about to be sacrificed to the serpent. Giwargis came to the region (today’s northern Iraq) and became a Christian. The pagan locals enslaved him, but he survived. He freed himself and became a religious teacher. The speaker continues the story with the miracle attributed to Mar (Saint) Giwargis, which she personally witnessed. A Kurdish neighbour came to her with her sick child. The narrator advised the Kurdish woman to take him to the church, to bring an offering to Mar Giwargis and to leave the sick boy there. The woman did this and her son was healed. The child’s mother was very grateful, but the Christian woman (the story-teller) warned her that the Kurds should stop desecrating Christian holy sites, lest a bigger disaster fall on them.
Numerical Analysis of Nanofluid on Stagnation Flow Past a Stretching Sheet in the Presence of Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), Convective Heating and Double Diffusive Effects
Authors: Janaiah Ch. , Upender Reddy G.
Published: June 2022

The article provides a specific section of the model, which incorporates Soret-Dufour and convective heating effects, to emphasise the intricacies of the mathematical model for Nanofluid on stagnation flow towards a stretched sheet in the presence of a magnetic field. The revised governing equations in the form of linear ordinary differential equations were solved utilising shooting methods and a Runge-Kutta-Felhberg-integration technique. The plot used to explain the change in velocity, temperature, and concentration was based on a storey in which different characteristics appeared first on the graphs. Tables may also be used to analyse skin friction and the Nusselt and Sherwood values, both of which are essential in engineering. Following that, we will look at how the new method compares to previously known approaches in a few different situations. The main findings of this investigation are: the velocity profiles are increasing with increasing values of velocity ratio parameter and the reverse effect is observed in presence of Magnetic field parameter. The temperature profiles are rising with increasing the numerical values of Thermophoresis, Brownian motion, Diffusion thermo, Biot number parameters and the temperature profiles are decreasing with increasing values of Prandtl number. Also, the concentration profiles are rising with the increasing values of Thermophoresis, Thermal diffusion parameters and reverse effect is observed in case of Brownian motion parameter.
Comprehensive Assessment of the Effect of Various Anthropogenic Activities on the Groundwater Quality
Authors: Hilary Uguru , Isaac Akpokodje O. , Sami Rokayya , Aljahani Amani H. , Almasoudi A. , Almasoudi Abeer G.
Published: June 2022

Water pollution had become a major problem due to its’ negative impact on the human health. Effects of humaninduced actions on groundwater quality were examined in this study. The physicochemical, heavy metals and microbial parameters of groundwater, sampled during the two major climatic periods in Nigeria, were measured according to APHA approved procedures. Results obtained from laboratory tests revealed that anthropogenic activities had substantial effect on the groundwater quality. The groundwater TDS, nitrate, BOD, chloride and phosphate concentrations varied from 23.93 to 42.32 mg/L, 0.54 to 2.16 mg/L, 2.23 to 4.72 mg/L, 10.78 to 19.15 mg/L, and 0.22 to 0.36 mg/L respectively. Likewise, Cd concentration fluctuated between 0 and 0.001 mg/L, Cu varied between 0 and 0.149 mg/L, Fe varied between 0 and 0.293 mg/L, Pb varied between 0 to 0.105 mg/mL, Zn varied between from 0 and 0.768 mg/L, while Ni fluctuated between 0 and 0.001 mg/L. The findings revealed that areas with poor sanitary situations had poor groundwater quality, compared to the areas with improved sanitary situations. Regarding the microbial population, the highest Total Bacteria and Fungi Counts recorded in the groundwater were 1.11×102cfu/mL and 1.23×102cfu/mL respectively. Similarly, the highest recordedEnterobacterial spp., Staphylococus arurius, E. coli, Proteus spp.andShegeela spp.populations were 26.22×102cfu/mL, 1.23×102cfu/mL, 0.41 MPN/100 mL, 0.12 cfu/ml and 0.30×102cfu/mL respectively. Although, the groundwater physicochemical parameters and heavy metals concentrations were within safe drinking water limits; the groundwater was largely contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms, mostly during the rainy season.
30-Day Postoperative Outcomes in Patients With Limited Mobility – A Propensity Score-Matched Comparative Analysis
Authors: Feng Xiaoxi , Blevins Katherine , Tseng Joshua , Sandhu Kulmeet , Cunneen Scott , Burch Miguel
Published: June 2022

Introduction

There is limited data correlating preoperative mobility limitations with clinical outcomes in bariatric patients. This study uses propensity score matching (PSM) to compare 30-day outcomes between patients with preoperative limited mobility (LM) versus patients without (non-LM).

Methods

Using the 2016-2018 Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP) database, patients undergoing primary laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy or gastric bypass were identified. Two cohorts were defined using preoperative LM status. To adjust for confounders, 1:1 PSM was performed using 25 preoperative characteristics, and balance was assessed with standardized mean difference. Preoperative patient demographics and postoperative 30-day outcomes were compared in both matched and unmatched cohorts.

Results

453,146 patients were identified, of which 6942 (1.47%) were LM and 464,555 were non-LM. 1:1 PSM matched 6624 LM to 6624 non-LM patients with good balance for all covariates. LM had higher rates of unplanned intubation (0.4% vs 0.7%, P < .01), unplanned admission to ICU (1.4% vs 2.5%, P < .01), readmissions (4.1% vs 4.9%, P = .036), unplanned reoperation (1.5% vs 2.0%, P = .02), and 30-day mortality (0.2% vs 0.5%, P = .02). Complications including acute renal failure, intra/postoperative myocardial infarction, venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism were not significantly different between the matched groups.

Conclusion

After adjusting for confounders, patients with preoperative limited mobility have higher rates of intubation, ICU admission, reoperation, readmission, and mortality. Prudent pre-operative candidate selection, counseling, and risk mitigation strategies are needed when a patient with limited mobility status is being considered for bariatric surgery.
Surgical Treatment of Bilateral Tubo-Ovarian Abscess in a Pre-Coitarchal Female
Authors: Mayan Danel , Melton Chandler S. , Sanderford Victoria L. , Camps Juan I. , Tomlin Kristl V.
Published: June 2022

Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) is a complication of pelvic inflammatory disease that is most commonly seen in sexually active females and seldom in pre-coitarchal adolescents. Initial treatment is generally parenteral antibiotics but often requires more invasive surgical procedures. We present the case of a 12-year-old, non-sexually active adolescent, with bilateral TOA who ultimately underwent a sterilizing bilateral salpingectomy and appendectomy for treatment.
How to be Gracious about Political Loss—The Importance of Good Loser Messages in Policy Controversies
Authors: Esaiasson Peter , Arnesen Sveinung , Werner Hannah
Published: June 2022

Accepting defeat in political decision-making is crucial for the health of democracies. At the same time, being a good loser is challenging. How can citizens be motivated to be gracious about various types of political loss? In this paper, we study whether political leaders can play an important role in boosting the perceived quality of decision-making processes among losers in policy conflicts. We propose and test the impact of a simple intervention post-decision: good loser messages delivered by co-partisan leaders that remind citizens about the rules of the game. Three survey experiments on probability samples of the Norwegian and Swedish population (total n = 4700) show that good loser messages can indeed boost the process evaluations of policy losers. These findings emphasize the potential of procedural messaging to build loser’s consent between elections.
Barriers to STEM Efficacy and Outcome Expectations Among Native American College Students
Authors: Turner Sherri L. , McWhirter Ellen H. , Lee Hangshim , Mason-Chagil Gale , Smith Steve , Jacobs Sue C. , Jackson Aaron P.
Published: June 2022

Native Americans are severely underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). In this study, we examined the construal, salience, and relevance of the barriers that Native American college students believe could impact their STEM career preparation. An exploratory factor analysis of the Perceptions of Educational Barriers Scale conducted with 152 Native American college students yielded 8 perceived barrier factors: school expensive, lack of access, lack of preparation, not smart enough, not good at math/science, family responsibilities, discrimination, and lack of support. School expense was by far their greatest barrier, and for men, this barrier negatively predicted their STEM career self-efficacy, with self-efficacy positively predicting their STEM career outcome expectations. For women, lack of support positively predicted their STEM career self-efficacy, with self-efficacy positively predicting and discrimination negatively predicting their STEM career outcome expectations. Results are interpreted in light of social cognitive career theory.
The TEA Evaluation Toolkit: Assessing Transdisciplinary, Experiential, and Adaptive Learning and Teaching in Urban Design Studios
Authors: Palazzo Elisa , Shirleyana
Published: June 2022

New pedagogic approaches combining Transdisciplinary, Experiential, and Adaptive perspectives are emerging to respond to increasingly complex urban conditions. By addressing the gap in current urban design studio education, the study defined a framework to assist teachers in designing novel teaching formats based on TEA learning approaches. The framework proposed provides a reference to set up TEA urban design studios and an assessment toolkit to assess their effectiveness in learning and teaching. The comparative analysis of two studio applications shows interdependence of TEA learning and teaching dimensions and generates transferrable recommendations to support a new urban design studio pedagogy that effectively responds to contemporary societal and environmental challenges.
Exploring the Relations Between Personality, Implicit Theories, and Subjective Well-Being Among High-Ability Undergraduate Students
Authors: Mammadov Sakhavat , Ward Thomas J.
Published: June 2022

Personality plays a powerful role in predicting how individuals react to life events and evaluate their overall well-being. Similarly, implicit beliefs of ability determine the ways individuals react to experiences of success and failure. The present article reports the findings from two studies on the relationships between personality, implicit theories of ability, and subjective well-being among high-ability university students. Study 1 employed a variable-centered approach to examine well-being in relation to individual differences in Big Five personality traits and implicit theories. Study 2 moved beyond a variable-oriented focus to explore personality profiles among another (but similar) sample of high-ability adolescents through a person-centered analytic approach and identify associations of the emerging profiles with well-being and implicit theories. Findings were discussed in light of replicable personality prototypes and in relationship to previous research with high-ability students.
Does Misinformation Thrive With Social Networking Site (SNS) Dependency and Perceived Online Social Impact Among Social Media Users in Nigeria? Testing a Structural Equation Model
Authors: Apuke Oberiri Destiny , Omar Bahiyah , Tunca Elif Asude , Gever Celestine Verlumun
Published: June 2022

This study modelled the factors that encourage misinformation diffusion behaviour among social media users, with a focus on Nigerian social media users. To gather our data, we used an online survey to sample 385 social media users using a chain referral approach. Smart partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyse the data. We discovered that social tie strength, virality, social media usage intensity and fun all predicted misinformation circulation. Conversely, trust in social networking site (SNS) and parasocial interaction were not found to be related to misinformation spreading. The study concluded with some theoretical and practical implications.
Genome-wide Scan of Dental Fear and Anxiety Nominates Novel Genes
Authors: Zhou Y. , McNeil D.W. , Haworth S. , Dudding T. , Chernus J.M. , Liu C. , Liu D. , Wright C.D. , Brumbaugh J. , Randall C.L. , Weyant R.J. , Crout R.J. , Foxman B. , Reis S. , Timpson N.J. , Marazita M.L. , Shaffer J.R.
Published: June 2022

Dental care–related fear and anxiety (DFA) is prevalent, affects oral health care utilization, and is related to poor oral health and decreased quality of life. In addition to learned and cultural factors, genetics is hypothesized to contribute to DFA. Therefore, we performed a genome-wide association study to identify genetic variants contributing to DFA. Adult and adolescent participants were from 4 cohorts (3 from the US-based Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia, n = 1,144, 1,164, and 535, and the UK-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children [ALSPAC], n = 2,078). Two self-report instruments were used to assess DFA: the Dental Fear Survey (US cohorts) and Corah’s Dental Anxiety Scale (ALSPAC). Genome-wide scans were performed for the DFA total scores and subscale scores (avoidance, physiological arousal, fear of dental treatment–specific stimuli), adjusting for age, sex, educational attainment, recruitment site, and genetic ancestry. Results across cohorts were combined using meta-analysis. Heritability estimates for DFA total and subscale scores were similar across cohorts and ranged from 23% to 59%. The meta-analysis revealed 3 significant ( P < 5E-8) associations between genetic loci and 2 DFA subscales: physiological arousal and avoidance. Nearby genes included NTSR1 ( P = 3.05E-8), DMRTA1 ( P = 4.40E-8), and FAM84A ( P = 7.72E-9). Of these, NTSR1, which was associated with the avoidance subscale, mediates neurotensin function, and its deficiency may lead to altered fear memory in mice. Gene enrichment analyses indicated that loci associated with the DFA total score and physiological arousal subscale score were enriched for genes associated with severe and persistent mental health (e.g., schizophrenia) and neurocognitive (e.g., autism) disorders. Heritability analysis indicated that DFA is partly explained by genetic factors, and our association results suggested shared genetic underpinnings with other psychological conditions.
Selling Mechanism Design for Peer-to-Peer Lending and Related Markets: The Multi-Unit Uniform-Price Open Auction Versus Fixed Price
Authors: Huang Guofang
Published: June 2022

In the past two decades, there has been a decline in the use of uniform-price auctions in favor of fixed prices in markets of peer-to-peer lending, equity crowdfunding, and initial public offerings. This article aims to analytically study why this trend might be occurring. The analysis reveals that, relative to a fixed price, a uniform-price auction leads to more herding and strategic delay of bid submission and, consequently, a smaller transaction completion probability and lower expected revenue. These predictions are consistent with the empirical regularities observed for the bidding behavior and funding outcomes on Prosper, one of the leading peer-to-peer online lending platforms, and those documented in the literature for markets of equity crowdfunding and initial public offerings.
Exploring the Impacts of an Art and Narrative Therapy Program on Participants’ Grief and Bereavement Experiences
Authors: Nelson Karen , Lukawiecki Jessica , Waitschies Kieran , Jackson Elizabeth , Zivot Chloe
Published: June 2022

Grief and bereavement impact nearly every individual at some point of their lives, often having short or long-term physical and psychosocial impacts. Yet, these issues are rarely the focus of discussion, intensive therapy programs, or policy initiatives (Corr, 2002; Doka, 2002). This research explores the impacts of a closed group art and narrative therapy program in Ontario for individuals experiencing a grief or bereavement process following the loss of a loved one. It explores the grief experiences of art therapy participants during their time in the program, the nature, extent, and impacts of social and community connections that were made, how the program influenced grief over time, and the overall effectiveness of the program. This study suggests that art and narrative therapy hold great therapeutic potential as a tool to help individuals going through a grief or bereavement process.
Shifting Culture and Minds: Immigrant-Origin Youth Building Critical Consciousness on Social Media
Authors: Wilf Sara , Maker Castro Elena , Gupta Kedar Garzón , Wray-Lake Laura
Published: June 2022

This multi-method qualitative study explores how immigrant-origin (I-O) youth express civic engagement on social media, and how youths’ immigrant identities shape their online civic engagement. We analyzed 2,203 Twitter posts collected over a 6-month period from 32 racially and ethnically diverse I-O youth (an average of 69 posts per participant). Interviews with 11 participants supplemented Twitter analysis. Using a critical consciousness framework as a guiding lens, we identified three broad themes: Using Critical Reflection to Shift Culture and Minds, Navigating and Drawing on Multiple Identities, and Building Collective Political Efficacy. Findings contribute to a growing body of literature on how I-O youth are harnessing social media as agents of their own, and their peers’, critical consciousness development.
Sociodemographic factors associated with the use of insecticide treated nets among under-fives in Nigeria: Evidence from a national survey
Authors: Ojo Temitope Olumuyiwa , Anjorin Oluwafunmibi Enitan , Babatola Adefunke Olarinre , Akinlosotu Morenike Agnes
Published: June 2022

Insecticide treated nets (ITN) are effective in malaria prevention; however, they remain underutilized among children. A secondary analysis of the 2018 Nigeria-Demographic and Health Survey including logistic regression was conducted to determine factors influencing ITN use among under-fives (U5s). Overall, 22,954 (72.4%) slept under ITN the night before the survey. Children <4 years and those in the northern regions had significantly higher odds of using ITN, as did those from households with ≤6 members and those from the lowest to middle wealth quintiles. However, among those households recorded as having “universal ITN coverage” i.e. at least one net between two persons, children <3 years, those from the rural northern regions and those from the lowest wealth category had significantly higher odds of using ITN. Interventions to improve ITN use by U5s should be intensified among households with larger size, those from the highest wealth quintiles and residents in southern Nigeria.
IUCD as bladder stone
Authors: Agarwal Ishita , Agarwal Himanshu
Published: June 2022

Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices (IUCDs) are commonly used in low to middle-income countries. IUCD migration into the adjacent organs, especially bladder, is exceptionally rare, though important to exclude. A 55-year-old para three post-menopausal female with history of recurrent urinary tract infections presented with lower urinary tract symptoms. Urine examination was indicative of Eschericia coli infection. Pelvic radiograph revealed an intravesical calculus having a T-shaped extension. Cystoscopy confirmed a bladder stone encasing an encrusted IUCD. Cystolithotripsy was performed, fragmenting the calculus which was then removed along with the IUCD in toto. IUCDs require regular evaluation to confirm their correct position. Gynecologists must properly counsel the patient so that the incidence of forgotten IUCDs can be minimized. Urologists need to be aware of these cases so that gynecological history is kept in mind while evaluating females with urinary symptoms. Serious complications such as intravesical migration are extremely rare but possible.
Part of Culture or Toxic Substance? Realities in Transition in Australian and Canadian Alcohol Policy Documents
Authors: Keane Helen , Moore David , Graham Kathryn
Published: June 2022

This article analyzes alcohol policy documents through the framework of ontological politics developed by science and technology studies theorists John Law and Annemarie Mol. Specifically, it analyzes seven Australian and Canadian documents from 2006 to 2020, focusing on different enactments of alcohol as a harm-producing substance that requires regulation. The article identifies and discusses two co-existing realities of alcohol enacted in these documents: (1) alcohol as part of culture, with benefits and harms manageable through the promotion of moderation; and (2) alcohol as an inherently harmful and toxic substance whatever its pattern of use. The enactment of alcohol as a toxic substance is supported by recent scientific knowledge, in particular the link between drinking and cancer. This second reality of alcohol as toxic is more prominent in the more recent documents; in particular, a transition from one dominant reality to another is clearly apparent in the changes from the 2006–2009 Australian national alcohol strategy to the 2019–2028 strategy. Changes in the dominant reality of alcohol enable or at least support certain policy initiatives while making others less possible and defensible. Focusing on the single reality of alcohol as inherently harmful to health and wellbeing reduces the options for preventing alcohol-related harms.
Work in Long-Term Restrictive Housing and Prison Personnel Perceptions of the Humanity of People Who Are Incarcerated
Authors: Mears Daniel P. , Cochran Joshua C. , Aranda-Hughes Vivian , Brown Jennifer M.
Published: June 2022

The punitive era in the United States and other countries has included reliance on long-term restrictive housing (LTRH)—consisting of solitary confinement with few privileges—as a means of managing violent and disruptive individuals in prison. We examine how work in such housing may influence how personnel, including officers and staff, view individuals in prison and assess two hypotheses. First, those who work in LTRH will be more likely to hold a dehumanized view of these individuals. Second, the theoretical mechanisms through which such a view may arise involve brutalization, organizational context and culture, role conflict and distancing, and empathy fatigue. We assess these hypotheses using a mixed-methods study, analyzing data from a large-scale prison personnel survey ( n = 9,656) and qualitative focus group and interview data ( n = 144). Implications of the study’s findings for theory and research on restrictive housing, corrections, and the punitive era are discussed.
Similar simulation test study on the influence of mining on shaft deflection of deep soil based on hydraulic permeability model
Authors: Wang Yu , Song Lei , He Yongsheng , Wang Guozhu , Wang Qirui , He Yameng , Li Shidong , Xu Qiangguo , Zhu Rong , Zhang Weiqian , Gao Jianjun
Published: June 2022

Ensuring shaft safety is critical in the process of coal mining. During coal mining in the Guotun coal mine, Shandong Province, China, issues, such as shaft deflection, tank channel and shaft deformation, and tank jamming, which did not appear in the shaft before, brought huge hidden dangers to safety. In this study, a set of three-dimensional analog simulation systems for assessing the influence of mining on shaft deflection was designed by using penetration force simulations of gravity fields. In this system, electromagnetic displacement meter is used to collect surface settlement data, which verifies the feasibility of using hydraulic pillow to simulate formation disturbance caused by coal mining. the strain of the shaft is measured by optical fibers and strain gauges, and the amount that mining influenced the deflection of the shaft is obtained. The results show that there is an approximately positive linear correlation between the horizontal displacement of the shaft caused by mining and the mining thickness of the coal. The horizontal displacement of shaft caused by coal mining is inversely proportional to the moving Angle within a reasonable range. The horizontal displacement of shaft is affected by mining mode, and symmetrical mining can significantly reduce the horizontal displacement of shaft. The horizontal displacement of the shaft at different depths caused by mining decreases with increasing shaft depth, which is the main cause of shaft deflection.
Fourth branchial cleft anomaly in a 7-month-old infant: A case report and literature review
Authors: Sobotková Kateřina , Urík Milan , Perce Klára , Petrová Barbora , Šikolová Soňa , Bartoš Michal , Jančíková Jana , Kula Roman , Jabandžiev Petr
Published: June 2022

Fourth branchial cleft anomalies are rare head and neck congenital lesions seen in children. They present as a neck inflammatory mass and arise essentially on the left side of the neck. We report the case of a 7-month-old female with a mass of the neck associated with respiratory distress. The mass was diagnosed as an incomplete fourth branchial cleft fistula. Surgical revision of the neck abscess from an external approach and plasma coblation of the orifice in the pyriform fossa by an endoscopic approach were performed.
Invasive Fungal Sinusitis During Active COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Borrelli Michela , Nasrollahi Tasha , Ulloa Ruben , Raskin Jonathan , Ference Elisabeth , Tang Dennis M.
Published: June 2022

This case study demonstrates a 58-year-old female who contracted COVID-19 post-vaccination presenting with severe left-sided facial pain, headaches, and dyspnea. A computed tomography was ordered and showed acute sinusitis, and upon bedside endoscopy, the patient was shown to have necrosis of the left-sided middle turbinate with no discoloration, palate necrosis, or facial changes. All samples of the necrotic tissue were reported to be invasive fungal sinusitis. The entire turbinate was resected in the operating room and ethmoid, frontal, and maxillary sinuses were healthy. Chest x-rays post-operatively showed pulmonary effusions and edema although the patient was not stable enough for a lung examination to rule out a pulmonary fungal infection. A bedside endoscopy showed no further necrosis post-operatively although a repeat endoscopy showed duskiness at the lateral attachment of the basal lamella right at the most posterior resection of the middle turbinate. The patient was placed on multiple antifungal agents. The patient remained in hypoxemic respiratory failure and septic shock while on pressors and 2 weeks following this, expired. Post–COVID-19 patients have been shown in the literature to have an increased risk of developing invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS) and all IFS cases during active COVID-19 infection have had a 100% mortality rate.
Compulsory interracial intimacy: Why does removing the ethnicity filter on dating apps not benefit racial minorities?
Authors: Zhou Zhiqiu Benson
Published: June 2022

This paper reflects on the impact of dating apps’ removal of ethnicity filters on racial minority users. Many scholars, mass media, and dating app users believe that ethnicity filters mark an institutional endorsement of racism which is embedded in digital infrastructure. Accordingly, they have called for the removal of these filters. This advocacy is based on the assumption that expressions of racial preference are inherently racist. In the summer of 2020, many dating apps removed ethnicity filters to show solidarity with the Black Lives Matter movement. However, I argue that racial minorities often express intra-racial desires through ethnicity filters to valorize their own sexual capital, evade discrimination or fetishization, and gain sexual opportunities. Consequently, removing the ethnicity filter makes it harder for racial minorities to connect. Even worse, it creates a culture of compulsory interracial intimacy, exposing minority users to more vulnerability and racial trauma. Moreover, the lack of discussion on whether to remove filters other than ethnicity reveals the negligence of intersecting oppressions on dating apps. Thus, this paper highlights the need to be more attentive to racial minorities’ alternative uses of filters for self-empowerment, and to intersectional oppressions that should be tackled in designing inclusive dating apps.
Inhalation of Silver Silicate Nanoparticles Leads to Transient and Differential Microglial Activation in the Rodent Olfactory Bulb
Authors: Huynh Huong , Upadhyay Priya , Lopez Cora H. , Miyashiro Malia K. , Van Winkle Laura S. , Thomasy Sara M. , Pinkerton Kent E.
Published: June 2022

Engineered silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), including silver silicate nanoparticles (Ag-SiO2 NPs), are used in a wide variety of medical and consumer applications. Inhaled AgNPs have been found to translocate to the olfactory bulb (OB) after inhalation and intranasal instillation. However, the biological effects of Ag-SiO2 NPs and their potential nose-to-brain transport have not been evaluated. The present study assessed whether inhaled Ag-SiO2 NPs can elicit microglial activation in the OB. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats inhaled aerosolized Ag-SiO2 NPs at a concentration of 1 mg/ml for 6 hours. On day 0, 1, 7, and 21 post-exposure, rats were necropsied and OB were harvested. Immunohistochemistry on OB tissues were performed with anti-ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 and heme oxygenase-1 as markers of microglial activation and oxidative stress, respectively. Aerosol characterization indicated Ag-SiO2 NPs were sufficiently aerosolized with moderate agglomeration and high-efficiency deposition in the nasal cavity and olfactory epithelium. Findings suggested that acute inhalation of Ag-SiO2 NPs elicited transient and differential microglial activation in the OB without significant microglial recruitment or oxidative stress. The delayed and differential pattern of microglial activation in the OB implied that inhaled Ag-SiO2 may have translocated to the central nervous system via intra-neuronal pathways.
Lack of supplement regulation: A potential for ethical and physiological repercussions
Authors: Benjamin Shamiram , Au Tsz Yuen , Assavarittirong Chanika
Published: June 2022

Background: The sale and utilization of dietary and fitness supplements in America, with industry revenue totaling 140.3 billion in 2020 alone, has proven significant. Unfortunately, these supplements are not held to high standards of manufacturing or marketing, leading to ethical, financial, and physiological repercussions for consumers. Aim: The aim of this study is to discuss specific examples of a prevalent issue within the supplementation industry; we suggest the implementation of regulatory processes in the sale and marketing of such products. Methods: Studies from 2007 to 2021 which illustrate positive or negative effects of specific supplements based on gross revenue or a high level of publicity were analyzed. Results: Within this paper, we outline potential regulations which could assist in mitigating the negative impact that a lack of oversight has precipitated. These regulations include an initial approval request which reviews supplement ingredients, effects, risks, and therapeutic index. Conclusion: If the proposed regulations are introduced, the data collected via supplement applications may be utilized in classifying the supplement by its risk before it is marketed to the general population with supervision by pharmacists when indicated, ultimately reducing the adverse effects of inappropriate supplementation.
Familism values embedded in U.S. Mexican mother-child conversations about sibling conflicts
Authors: Roos Joy , Ispa Jean M. , Carlos Chavez Fiorella L. , Bohanek Jennifer G. , Maiya Sahitya , Im Jihee
Published: June 2022

The current study focused on familism-related content that emerged in a primarily qualitative analysis of U.S. Mexican mother-child conversations about sibling conflicts ( Mage = 10.55; English = 43 (24 female); Spanish = 43 (19 female)). The study’s goals were to (1) describe how familism, a central Latinx value, is conveyed to children in late middle childhood, (2) uncover signs that children at this age actively or passively accept or reject mothers’ observations and expectations, and (3) determine if there are differences in conversation content based on language preference, child gender, or birth order. During discussions about sibling conflict, mothers’ and children’s comments revolved around four pillars of familism: establishing and maintaining harmony and devotion, recognizing the specialness of family ties (in this case sibling ties), accepting role obligations, and developing other-orientation. These values were expressed more implicitly than explicitly by a majority of the dyads. Most children accepted at least some of mothers’ statements, but resistance was also high. Chi-square tests indicated no gender-of-child or birth order differences in the content of the discussions, but dyads who spoke Spanish during the conversations were more likely than those who spoke English to speak in explicit familistic terms and to point to the specialness of the sibling tie. Our study is strengths-based as we demonstrate that in U.S. Mexican families, children’s conflicts with their siblings may serve as catalysts for “teaching moments” during which parents impart culturally relevant values.
The utility of the surprise question: A useful tool for identifying patients nearing the last phase of life? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: van Lummel Eline VTJ , Ietswaard Larissa , Zuithoff Nicolaas PA , Tjan Dave HT , van Delden Johannes JM
Published: June 2022

Background:

The surprise question is widely used to identify patients nearing the last phase of life. Potential differences in accuracy between timeframe, patient subgroups and type of healthcare professionals answering the surprise question have been suggested. Recent studies might give new insights.

Aim:

To determine the accuracy of the surprise question in predicting death, differentiating by timeframe, patient subgroup and by type of healthcare professional.

Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources:

Electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science and CINAHL were searched from inception till 22nd January 2021. Studies were eligible if they used the surprise question prospectively and assessed mortality. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value and c-statistic were calculated.

Results:

Fifty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria, including 88.268 assessments. The meta-analysis resulted in an estimated sensitivity of 71.4% (95% CI [66.3–76.4]) and specificity of 74.0% (95% CI [69.3–78.6]). The negative predictive value varied from 98.0% (95% CI [97.7–98.3]) to 88.6% (95% CI [87.1–90.0]) with a mortality rate of 5% and 25% respectively. The positive predictive value varied from 12.6% (95% CI [11.0–14.2]) with a mortality rate of 5% to 47.8% (95% CI [44.2–51.3]) with a mortality rate of 25%. Seven studies provided detailed information on different healthcare professionals answering the surprise question.

Conclusion:

We found overall reasonable test characteristics for the surprise question. Additionally, this study showed notable differences in performance within patient subgroups. However, we did not find an indication of notable differences between timeframe and healthcare professionals.
An Introductory Tutorial on Cohort State-Transition Models in R Using a Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Example
Authors: Alarid-Escudero Fernando , Krijkamp Eline , Enns Eva A. , Yang Alan , Hunink M. G. Myriam , Pechlivanoglou Petros , Jalal Hawre
Published: June 2022

Decision models can combine information from different sources to simulate the long-term consequences of alternative strategies in the presence of uncertainty. A cohort state-transition model (cSTM) is a decision model commonly used in medical decision making to simulate the transitions of a hypothetical cohort among various health states over time. This tutorial focuses on time-independent cSTM, in which transition probabilities among health states remain constant over time. We implement time-independent cSTM in R, an open-source mathematical and statistical programming language. We illustrate time-independent cSTMs using a previously published decision model, calculate costs and effectiveness outcomes, and conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of multiple strategies, including a probabilistic sensitivity analysis. We provide open-source code in R to facilitate wider adoption. In a second, more advanced tutorial, we illustrate time-dependent cSTMs.
Development and validation of novel prognostic models based on RNA-binding proteins in breast cancer
Authors: Fan Wei , Ding Jun , Liu Shushu , Zhong Wei
Published: June 2022

Objectives

We aimed to construct novel prognostic models based on RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in breast cancer (BRCA) and explore their roles in this disease and their effects on tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs).

Methods

Datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Functions and prognostic values of RBPs were systematically investigated using a series of bioinformatics analysis methods. TIICs were assessed using CIBERSORT.

Results

Overall, 138 differentially expressed RBPs were identified, of which 86 were upregulated and 52 were downregulated. Of these, 13 RBPs were identified as prognosis-related and adopted to construct an overall survival (OS) model, while 12 RBPs were used for the relapse-free survival (RFS) model. High-risk patients had poorer OS and RFS rates than low-risk patients. The results indicate that the OS and RFS models are good prognostic models with reliable predictive abilities. In addition, the proportions of CD8, CD4 naïve, and CD4 memory resting T cells, as well as resting dendritic cells, were significantly different between the low-risk and high-risk groups in the OS model.

Conclusions

OS and RFS signatures can be used as reliable BRCA prognostic biomarkers. This work will help understand the prognostic roles and functions of RBPs in BRCA.
Portable electronic bronchoscopy for clinical application: a multi-institutional randomized instrument validation study
Authors: Qiu Yuanhua , Feng Ganzhu , Yu Zhen , Wang Limin , Chen Enguo
Published: June 2022

Objective

Electronic bronchoscopy is routinely used for the diagnosis and treatment of lung and bronchial disorders. However, the devices used are normally large and costly. Here, we evaluated the clinical effectiveness of a portable electronic bronchoscope produced by Zhejiang UE Medical Corp., the UE-EB.

Methods

We conducted a multi-institutional, randomized, single-blind, non-inferiority and parallel-group controlled clinical trial. Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to the experimental group or control group. The primary indicator was the effectiveness of the device. Safety indicators were assessed from enrollment to 3 days after the operation.

Results

The UE-EB had good consistency between groups during the procedure, and the effective rate was 100.00% in both groups. The difference value (95% confidence interval) between the two groups was 0.00% (−5.45%, 5.45%), and the lower limit was greater than −10% (negative non-inferiority margin). There was also no difference between the two groups in terms safety indicators.

Conclusions

The portable electronic bronchoscope described in this study showed reliable effectiveness and safety. This device is worth promoting and applying in clinical practice. Research registry number: ZXLB20200295 (Zhejiang Medical Products Administration, China).