bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D Numerical Simulation of a Z Gate Layout MOSFET for Radiation Tolerance
Authors: Wang Ying , Shan Chan , Piao Wei , Li Xing-ji , Yang Jian-qun , Cao Fei , Yu Cheng-hao
Published: December 2018

In this paper, for the first time, an n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (NMOSFET) layout with a Z gate and an improved total ionizing dose (TID) tolerance is proposed. The novel layout can be radiation-hardened with a fixed charge density at the shallow trench isolation (STI) of 3.5 × 1012 cm−2. Moreover, it has the advantages of a small footprint, no limitation in W/L design, and a small gate capacitance compared with the enclosed gate layout. Beside the Z gate layout, a non-radiation-hardened single gate layout and a radiation-hardened enclosed gate layout are simulated using the Sentaurus 3D technology computer-aided design (TCAD) software. First, the transfer characteristics curves (Id-Vg) curves of the three layouts are compared to verify the radiation tolerance characteristic of the Z gate layout; then, the threshold voltage and the leakage current of the three layouts are extracted to compare their TID responses. Lastly, the threshold voltage shift and the leakage current increment at different radiation doses for the three layouts are presented and analyzed.
National REDD+ Strategy for Climate Change Mitigation: A Review and Comparison of Developing Countries
Authors: Andoh Jewel , Lee Yohan
Published: December 2018

Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and the role of conservation, sustainable forest management and enhancement of forest carbon stocks (REDD+) in developing countries requires a National REDD+ Strategy (NRS) to ensure effectiveness, efficiency and equity. So far, only a few countries have submitted their NRS to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to progress to the implementation phase of REDD+. To compare the NRS of eight countries from Africa and the Asia-Pacific region, we used content analysis to assess whether these countries have paid attention to the REDD+ design components and adhered to the UNFCCC REDD+ rules. Our results demonstrate that all eight countries have paid considerable attention to REDD+ activities, finance, measurement, reporting and verification (MRV), and safeguard systems, and most countries have not adhered to the UNFCCC REDD+ rules on scale including the definition of national and subnational forests, subnational projects to be nested into national systems, and subnational activities to be verified by experts. REDD+ countries must develop definitions for national and subnational forests to enhance forest monitoring and they must develop technical and institutional infrastructure for MRV and safeguard systems, to receive results-based payments, and for the sustainability of REDD+ projects.
Examination of the complexation ability of different calixarene derivatives towards [223Ra]RaCl2 in a hospital radiopharmaceutical laboratory
Authors: Weigand Wolfgang , Weisheit Thomas , Freesmeyer Martin
Published: December 2018

Aim: In this contribution we investigated the potential transfer of an established method for the synthesis of 223Ra-labelled calixarene complexes to a hospital radiopharmaceutical environment. For this purpose, commercially available [223Ra]RaCl2 solution in pharmaceutical grade (Xofigo®) was reacted with three calixarene derivatives. Methods: A wellestablished two-phase extraction method using a two-phase solvent system was performed for complexation of the radium ions with calixarenes under slightly basic conditions. Moreover, the complexation reaction was conducted in homogenous medium (water / THF) as well as under elevated temperature. Results: The investigated reaction conditions did not allow the isolation of the desired products. Analytical evidence for the presence of radium-calixarene species by means of activity measurement, TLC as well as HPLC could not been proven unambiguously. Conclusion: We address the non-conversion of the educts to the large excess of sodium ions in the used Xofigo® solution, what may explain the hampered reaction for all conducted experiments. Finally the transfer of the published complexation concept into a radiopharmaceutical routine environment was not successful.
MARKET ORIENTATION AND THE PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT BUSINESS IN SINGAPORE
Authors: Tay Jasmine Y.W. , Tay Linda
Published: December 2018

The property development business is often regarded as one of high risk and return. As such, developing a competitive advantage is critical. Extant literature suggests that market orientation is a form of sustainable competitive advantage for businesses. This paper is an attempt to test this relationship with specific reference to a high risk business such as property development. A market orientation scale is developed to measure the degree of market orientation in property development firms. The results show that there exists a significant positive relationship for two specific dimensions of market orientation, i.e., profit orientation and responsiveness with business performance and marketing performance. Furthermore, empirical findings showed that the relationship between market orientation and marketing performance was stronger than with business performance.

Rinkos orientacija ir nekilnojamojo turto plėtros verslas Singapūre

Santrauka

Nekilnojamojo turto plėtros verslas dažnai laikomas itin rizikingu ir pelningu. Todėl būtina įgyti konkurencini pranašumą. Dalykinėje literatūroje rašoma, kad rinkos orientacija ‐ tai subalansuoto konkurencinio pranašumo forma versle. Straipsnyje mėginama ši ryši patikrinti, nagrinėjant būtent itin rizikinga verslą, tokį kaip nekilnojamojo turto plėtra. Sukurta rinkos orientacijos skale, kuria remiantis matuojamas rinkos orientacijos laipsnis nekilnojamojo turto plėtros firmose. Rezultatai rodo, kad yra nemažas teigiamas ryšys tarp dviejų konkrečiu rinkos orientacijos aspektu, t. y. orientacijos į pelną ir reagavimo i verslo rezultatus bei i rinkodaros rezultatus. Be to, empirines išvados rodo, kad rinkos orientacijos ryšys su rinkodaros rezultatais yra stipresnis nei su verslo rezultatais.
OFFICE PRICE INDEX LAGGING IN SINGAPORE AND HONG KONG
Authors: Hui Eddie Chi Man , Yu Ka Hung , Ho David Kim Hin
Published: December 2018

Price discovery of real estate investment has been getting lots of attentions from researchers and it is generally believed that lagging errors exist in appraisal‐based returns of commercial real estate investments, in comparison to other investment instruments traded in the stock market. Due to fewer transactions in the commercial real estate market, it is reasonable to notice a difference in the handling of current market information. By introducing two study approaches along with a test case using Singapore's data, this paper explores the extent of lagging in Hong Kong's commercial (office) real estate values, in a State Space Model with Kaiman filter. The findings first suggest that whether appraisal‐based indices overstate or understate true values lies in the economy condition at the time. Then, commercial real estate values in Hong Kong are about three months behind the stock market property indices. Also, as indicated by the findings, data collection/selection bias may render a de‐lagged index not as efficient as it is supposed to be. This paper provides a different perspective on price discovery and the process of de‐lagging property values.

Biurų kainų indekso atsilikimas Singapūre ir Honkonge

Santrauka

Investicijų į nekilnojamąjį turtą kainos mokslininkus itin domina. Dažnai manoma, kad, palyginti su kitais akcijų biržoje siūlomais investiciniais instrumentais, investicijų į komercini nekilnojamąjį turtą grąža vertinama klaidingai dėl atsilikimo. Kadangi komercinio nekilnojamojo turto rinkoje sandoriu sudaroma mažiau, verta pabrėžti, kaip skirtingai tvarkoma aktuali rinkos informacija. Pristatant du tyrimo būdus kartu su atvejo tyrimu pagal Singapūro duomenis, šiame darbe, remiantis būsenų erdves modeliu ir naudojant Kalmaro filtrą, nagrinėjamas Honkongo komercinio nekilnojamojo turto (biuru) verčiu atsilikimas. Išvados pirmiausia rodo, kad tai, ar vertinimu pagristi indeksai padidina ar sumažina realias vertes, priklauso nuo esamu ekonominiu sąlygų. Be to, komercinio nekilnojamojo turto vertes Honkonge nuo akcijų rinkoje naudojamu nuosavybes indeksu atsilieka apie tris mėnesius. Išvados rodo ir tai, kad dėl šališko duomenųrinkimo (atrankos), neatsiliekantis indeksas gali būti ne toks efektyvus, kaip turėtu būti. Šiame darbe pateikiamas kitas kainų nustatymo būdas ir aprašomas nuosavybes vertes atsilikimo panaikinimo procesas.
EVALUATING MANAGERS DIVERSIFICATION OF REAL ESTATE PORTFOLIOS: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA
Authors: Olaleye Abel , Aluko Bioye Tajudeen
Published: December 2018

While there is evidence on the effectiveness of diversifying real estate portfolio geographically, or by property type, there is lack of empirical evidence to justify whether diversification of managers is worth pursuing. This study produces evidence on the effectiveness of diversifying by managers and property types. The study collected data on capital and annual rental values from three (3) main Property Investment and Development Companies in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria. From the data so collected, annual total returns (IRR), on residential properties, for a period of between 1997 and 2001 on the managers’ portfolio were calculated. Under the assumptions that investments are held long and that constant correlation model or excess return to standard deviation represents the covariance structure of assets’ returns, the study's analyses suggest that diversification of managers and property types produce improved performance. It also opens the possibility that an efficient portfolio developed by using constant correlation analysis may not be more efficient than a naively diversified portfolio as some of the naive diversification strategies are found to be effectively efficient.

Nekilnojamojo turto portfelių valdytojų deversifikacijos vertinimas: įrodymai iš Nigerijos

Santrauka

Nors yra įrodymu, kad geografine nekilnojamojo turto portfelio diversifikacija arba diversifikacija pagal nuosavybes rūšis yra efektyvi, trūksta empiriniu duomenų, patvirtinančiu, kad verta siekti valdytoju diversifikacijos. Šis tyrimas pateikia įrodymu, kad valdytoju diversifikacija ir diversifikacija pagal nuosavybes rūšis yra efektyvi. Tyrimo metu surinkti duomenys apie kapitalą ir metines nuomos vertes iš trijų pagrindiniu Lagoso miesto (Nigerija) nuosavybes investicijų ir plėtros bendrovių. Pagal surinktus duomenis apskaičiuota 1997–2001 metu metine bendroji grąža (vidine grąžos norma) iš valdytoju portfelyje esančios gyvenamosios nuosavybes. Tariant, kad investicijos ilgalaikes, o pastovios koreliacijos modelis arba perteklines grąžos ir standartines deviacijos santykis sudaro turto grąžos kanceliarine struktūra, tyrimo metu atlikta analize rodo, kad valdytoju ir nuosavybes rusiudiversifikacija leidžia padidinti rezultatyvumą. Be to, analizes metu pastebėta ir tai, kad naudojant pastovios koreliacijos analize suformuotas efektyvus portfelis gali būti ne kiek ne efektyvesnis už paprastai diversifikuota portfeli, nes paaiškėjo, kad kai kuri paprastosios diversifikacijos strategija yra labai efektyvi.
Toward an Understanding of GRB Prompt Emission Mechanism. II. Patterns of Peak Energy Evolution and Their Connection to Spectral Lags
Authors: Uhm Z. Lucas , Zhang Bing , Racusin Judith
Published: December 2018

The prompt emission phase of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) exhibits two distinct patterns of the peak energy (E

p
) evolution, i.e., time-resolved spectral analyses of νF

ν
spectra of broad pulses reveal (1) “hard-to-soft” and (2) “flux-tracking” patterns of E

p
evolution in time, the physical origin of which still remains not well understood. We show here that these two patterns can be successfully reproduced within a simple physical model invoking synchrotron radiation in a bulk-accelerating emission region. We show further that the evolution patterns of the peak energy have, in fact, direct connections to the existence of two different (positive or negative) types of spectral lags, seen in the broad pulses. In particular, we predict that (1) only the positive type of spectral lags is possible for the hard-to-soft evolution of the peak energy, (2) both the positive and negative type of spectral lags can occur in the case of the flux-tracking pattern of the peak energy, (3) for the flux-tracking pattern the peak location of the flux light curve slightly lags behind the peak of the E

p
evolution with time if the spectral lags are positive, and (4) in the case of the flux-tracking pattern double-peaked broad pulses can appear in the light curves, the shape of which is energy dependent.
Statistical Relation between Solar Flares and Coronal Mass Ejections with Respect to Sigmoidal Structures in Active Regions
Authors: Kawabata Yusuke , Iida Yusuke , Doi Takafumi , Akiyama Sachiko , Yashiro Seiji , Shimizu Toshifumi
Published: December 2018

Statistical dependences among features of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), solar flares, and sigmoidal structures in soft-X-ray images were investigated. We applied analysis methods to all the features in the same way in order to investigate the reproducibility of the correlations among them, which may be found from previous statistical studies. Samples of 211 M-class and X-class flares, observed between 2006 and 2015 by the Hinode/X-ray telescope, Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph, and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite, were examined statistically. Five kinds of analysis were performed: occurrence rate analysis, linear-correlation analysis, association analysis, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, and the Anderson–Darling test. These give three main results. First, the sigmoidal structure and long-duration events (LDEs) have a stronger dependence on CME occurrence than large X-ray-class events in on-disk events. Second, for the limb events, a significant dependence exists between LDEs and CME occurrence, and between X-ray-class events and CME occurrence. Third, 32.4% of on-disk flare events have sigmoidal structure and are not accompanied by CMEs. However, the occurrence probability of CMEs without sigmoidal structure is very small, 8.8%, in on-disk events. While the first and second results are consistent with previous studies, we provide for the first time a difference between the on-disk and limb events. The third result, that non-sigmoidal regions produce fewer eruptive events, is also different from previous results. We suggest that sigmoidal structures in soft X-ray images will be a helpful feature for CME prediction in on-disk flare events.
Properties of Nonlinear Torsional Waves Effective on Solar Swirling Plasma Motions
Authors: Ghoraba A. Mozafari , Farahani S. Vasheghani
Published: December 2018

We model the evolution of solar helical structures: swirling motions, tornadoes, and spirals in the context of nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic waves. By considering vorticity and magnetic twist, the nonlinear forces that confine and shape helical or swirling plasma motions are incorporated in nonlinear partial differential equations. The solution to the governing equations provides insight on the significance of the equilibrium conditions. The key in providing explicit expressions for the compressive perturbations in the presence of equilibrium twist and vorticity is the second-order thin flux tube approximation. Nonlinear differential equations for the perturbations of the density, tube cross sectional area, and longitudinal speed are obtained in terms of the characteristics of the torsional wave, which itself is determined by the magnetic twist and vorticity. The analytic nonlinear solutions enable measurement of the efficiency of the equilibrium magnetic twist and vorticity, which confine and shape swirling motions differently as they evolve up the solar atmosphere. For chromospheric and coronal conditions, the nonlinear induced density perturbations increase with vorticity and decrease with magnetic twist. Regarding confinement, the nonlinear forces prove that the vorticity is predominant compared to the twist. The vorticity acts similarly to the shear flow in confining plasma swirling motions. It features in the compressive perturbations due to the ponderomotive force. We conclude that weak vorticities and twists are easily dominated by the plasma-β. For observing swirling plasma motions and tornadoes, focus must be on regions with high vorticity.
Application of the Deep Convolutional Neural Network to the Forecast of Solar Flare Occurrence Using Full-disk Solar Magnetograms
Authors: Park Eunsu , Moon Yong-Jae , Shin Seulki , Yi Kangwoo , Lim Daye , Lee Harim , Shin Gyungin
Published: December 2018

In this study, we present the application of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to the forecast of solar flare occurrence. For this, we consider three CNN models (two pretrained models, AlexNet and GoogLeNet, and one newly proposed model). Our inputs are SOHO/Michelson Doppler Imager (from 1996 May to 2010 December) and SDO/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (from 2011 January to 2017 June) full-disk magnetograms at 00:00 UT. Model outputs are the “Yes or No” of daily flare occurrence (C, M, and X classes) and they are compared with GOES observations. We train the models using the input data and observations from 1996 to 2008, covering the entire solar cycle 23, and test them using the data sets from 2009 to 2017, covering solar cycle 24. Then we compare the results of the CNN models with those of three previous flare forecast models in view of statistical scores. The major results from this study are as follows. First, we successfully apply CNN to the full-disk solar magnetograms without any preprocessing or feature extraction. Second, the results of our CNN models are slightly better in Heidke skill score and true skill statistics, and considerably better in false alarm ratio (FAR) and critical success index than the previous solar flare forecasting models. Third, our proposed model has better values of all statistical scores except for FAR, than the other two pretrained models. Our results indicate a sufficient possibility that deep learning methods can improve the capability of the solar flare forecast as well as similar types of forecast problems.
Species conservation profiles of a random sample of world spiders IV: Scytodidae to Zoropsidae
Authors: Seppälä Sini , Henriques Sérgio , Draney Michael , Foord Stefan , Gibbons Alastair , Gomez Luz , Kariko Sarah , Malumbres-Olarte Jagoba , Milne Marc , Vink Cor , Cardoso Pedro
Published: December 2018

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the most widely used information source on the extinction risk of species. One of the uses of the Red List is to evaluate and monitor the state of biodiversity and a possible approach for this purpose is the Red List Index (RLI). For many taxa, mainly hyperdiverse groups, it is not possible within available resources to assess all known species. In such cases, a random sample of species might be selected for assessment and the results derived from it extrapolated for the entire group - the Sampled Red List Index (SRLI). The current contribution is the final in four papers that will constitute the baseline of a future spider SRLI encompassing 200 species distributed across the world.

A sample of 200 species of spiders were randomly selected from the World Spider Catalogue, an updated global database containing all recognised species names for the group. The selected species were classified taxonomically at the family level and the familes were ordered alphabetically. In this publication, we present the conservation profiles of 50 species belonging to the families alphabetically arranged between Scytodidae and Zoropsidae, which encompassed Scytodidae, Selenopidae, Sicariidae, Sparassidae, Tetrablemmidae, Tetragnathidae, Theraphosidae, Theridiidae, Theridiosomatidae, Thomisidae, Trochanteriidae, Zodariidae and Zoropsidae.
Rarely Observed Behaviors and Occurrences of Black-footed Ferrets Preconditioning for Wild Release 2014–2017
Authors: Tretten Tyler N.
Published: December 2018

Black-footed ferrets Mustela nigripes became extinct in the wild in 1987 when the last known wild animals were removed from a remnant population in an attempt to save the species by beginning a captive breeding program. Breeding efforts were successful, and since 1991 wildlife managers have annually released ferrets back into the wild at sites within the ferrets' historic range. Before their release into the wild, ferrets undergo a preconditioning stage in a quasi-natural habitat which better prepares them for life in the wild after a captive upbringing. Due to their nocturnal, fossorial, and largely solitary lifestyle, combined with their expansive habitat and endangered status, there are undoubtedly a multitude of behaviors ferrets exhibit that are not commonly observed. Here I detail multiple aspects of rarely described black-footed ferret ecology including black-tailed prairie dog Cynomys ludovicianus hunting stratagems, interactions with prairie rattlesnakes Crotalus viridis viridis, predation on birds, and sudden unexplained deaths of entire ferret family groups. The preconditioning setting that serves as an intermediate step between a captive and wild life for captive-reared ferrets allows for wildlife managers to witness ferret behaviors, though similar situations conceivably occur somewhat regularly in the wild.
The Impact of Video Game Addiction in the Workplace
Authors: Choi Young-Gun , Chu Kyounghee , Choi Eun Jung
Published: December 2018

There are extensive studies about video game addiction. However, empirical research on this topic in a workplace context is rare. The purpose of this study, is to empirically test how video game addiction affects organizational behaviors and how to attenuate this effect. The SEM analysis of survey data from office workers in South Korea found that both workplace bullying and abusive supervision induces video game addiction in employees, and that employees' video game addiction increases with both work-to-family conflicts and family-to-work conflicts. Furthermore, this study specifically found that the strength of the indirect effect of video game addiction between workplace bullying and work-family conflicts depends on the worker's perceived organizational supports (POS). POS attenuates the negative impacts of workplace bullying and abusive supervision. These results are meaningful because this is the first study to identify the dynamic mediating impact of video game addiction in workplace.
Using Gamification Strategies to Cultivate and Measure Professional Educator Dispositions
Authors: Alexander Curby
Published: December 2018

One of the most important outcomes of pre-service teacher education is the transition from assignment-oriented students to service-oriented education professionals. Faculty can assist in this process by cultivating professional educator dispositions within their courses. Gamification strategies can be an effective way to provide students with timely feedback regarding their progress toward professional educator dispositions. This study investigated the effectiveness of points, timely feedback, and leaderboards on cultivating and measuring specific professional educator dispositions among pre-service teachers. Data was collected in four domains - personal responsibility, intellectual engagement, professional ethics and stewardship, and supportive interactions- where gamification strategies were additively implemented over five semesters. Results from this study indicate gamification strategies, when bundled together to leverage motivating factors such as competition and personalization led to increased gains in the four domains of professional educator dispositions.
Thermal Expansion Properties of Fused Borosilicate Syntactic Foams
Authors: Salleh Zulzamri , Islam Md. Mainul , Epaarachchi Jayantha Ananda
Published: December 2018

The thermal properties such the coefficient thermal expansion, α (CTE) of fused borosilicate syntactic foam was determined using dimensional changes of a temperature gradient plot. The CTE was measured and found to be achieved the value lower than the vinyl ester resin matrix when mixing with different weight percentages of the glass microballoon ranging from 2 wt.% to 10 wt.% using a thermomechanical analyzer (TMA). These results showed that it has a strong relationship with the syntactic foam physical properties such density, radius ration,cavity porosity and matrix porosity. Experimental results showed that the CTE decreases when glass microballoons are added into the composites measured at different temperatures ranging from 30 °C to 70 °C. The CTE from the experimental results were also analysed using Turner’s modification model for composites for its suitability for thermal expansion of syntactic foams.
Arctic Ocean sediment thicknesses and upper mantle temperatures from magnetotelluric soundings
Authors: DeLaurier J M
Published: December 2018

Published Arctic Ocean magnetotelluric soundings (periods <7200 s) are used to determine electrical conductances of sub-bottom materials (presumably sediments) under Wrangel Plain, Chukchi Plateau, Lomonosov Ridge, East Siberian Shelf and Nansen-Gakkel
Ridge. From these conductances, sediment thicknesses are determined using a model for the electrical conductivity profile of conducting sub-bottom materials. The conductivity profile is obtained by combining Magara's empirical porosity-depth relation with Archie's Law and with a linear relation to
describe the increase in seawater (filling pores) conductivity with temperature. From this model, up to 4 km of conducting materials are inferred beneath the Chukchi Plateau and Wrangel Plain locations. These thicknesses are consistent with determinations from seismic studies. Between 1 km and 4 km
of sub-bottom conducting materials are derived for two East Siberian Shelf locations. Lomonosov Ridge, displaying a relief of 2.9 km, is believed to be wholly composed of conducting materials (sediments? volcanics?) since about 3.7 km of these materials are estimated for the axial portion of the
Ridge. The Nansen-Gakkel Ridge has less than 0.5 km of conducting materials. Four-layer conductivity models which fit the observed long-period (> 7200 s) apparent resistivity curves of Trofimov and Fonarev have provided a range of depths to and conductivities of an upper mantle conductor.
They reported depths of 165 km, 320 km and 325 km, and conductivities of 0.32 S/m, 0.43 S/m and 0.59 S/m respectively for Chukchi Plateau, Lomonosov Ridge and Wrangel Plain. The models studied here provide an uncertainty in estimating these depths (about ± 15 per cent) and conductivities
(factor of 10). Temperatures in the upper mantle between depths of 100 km and 400 km are expected to be within 1100°C and 2000°C. It is not possible to derive upper mantle temperatures more precisely than this because of the large uncertainty in estimating the electrical conductivity and
in assuming an ionic intrinsic conduction mechanism for an olivine upper mantle. No upper mantle conductor could be detected beneath the Nansen-Gakkel Ridge location.
Magnetic anomalies and the evolution of the Arctic
Authors: Coles R L , Hannaford W , Haines G V
Published: December 2018

Extensive magnetic surveys have been made over the Arctic Ocean during the past 30 years, but it is very difficult to interrelate data sets, and even conclusions, from different surveys. Many uncertainties present in the data sets preclude a full compilation of
the data in a single format at this time. This paper summarizes the information available and discusses the various interpretations made from the data sets. The many ambiguities in interpretation result in considerable uncertainties regarding present Arctic Basin structure, and therefore its
evolution. Magnetic anomaly data over the Eurasia Basin have indicated possible spreading rates, however, and an analysis of Earth Physics Branch high-level airborne magnetic data over the Greenland end of the Nansen-Gakkel Ridge suggests rates of 8 mm/a from 0 to 3 Ma and S mm/a from 3 to 20 Ma.
There is no persistent anomaly pattern associated with the Lomonosov Ridge, the evidence suggesting that the Ridge is of continental character. The magnetic pattern over the Alpha and Mendeleev Ridges is quite different from that over the Nansen-Gakkel Ridge. The amplitudes and character of the
anomalies over the Alpha Ridge are similar in some respects to continental shield anomalies. A strongly positive, very long wavelength anomaly characterizes the Alpha Ridge, whereas the Nansen-Gakkel and most active spreading ridges have associated weak positive or negative very long wavelength
anomalies. On the other hand, the magnetic pattern of the Alpha Ridge might be a result of a series of imbricate subduction zones and associated island arcs. Although many thousands of line-kilometres of magnetic survey data exist, the general understanding of the magnetic anomalies and their
significance is still at a rudimentary level.
Review of Arctic crustal studies
Authors: Forsyth D A
Published: December 2018

The Arctic areas north of 60°N latitude most extensively surveyed by deep seismic sounding techniques are the northern and offshore Baltic Shield, Scandinavia and the Canadian Arctic Islands. The average crustal velocity of 6.6 - 6.7 km/s for central Norway
and Sweden is perhaps the highest yet measured for areas north of 60°N. A major fracture zone of at least crustal extent has been mapped in the continental-oceanic transition zone north of the Baltic Shield. Shallower results from Canada's polar continental margin suggest the presence of a
major basement ridge along the north edge of the Sverdrup Basin and also a faulted margin in the Beaufort Sea. Recent seismic results show the Soviet map of average crustal velocities based upon mainly non-seismic geophysical and geological parameters is in need of revision. To date there has been
no program of deep seismic sounding completed over the Arctic Ocean basins and therefore much work remains in mapping regional differences in crustal properties.
Chapter 1: Introduction
Authors: Van Staden P.
Published: December 2018

No abstract available.
Chapter 5: Conclusion
Authors: Van Staden P.
Published: December 2018

No abstract available.
Chapter 3 : Methodology reconsidered
Authors: Petersen N.R.
Published: December 2018

No abstract available.
Discovery of Actinomycetes from Extreme Environments with Potential to Produce Novel Antibiotics
Authors: Trenozhnikova Lyudmila , Azizan Azliyati
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens pose serious challenges to healthcare institutions and health of the public. Thus, there is an urgent need for the discovery of new and effective antimicrobial agents.  Microorganisms that exist in extreme environments such as those with high salinity or alkalinity, are known as extremophiles, and include various species of actinomycetes. The goal of this study is to discover novel antibiotics from extremophiles found in Kazakhstan that are effective against drug resistant pathogens.Methods: Soil from extreme environments of Kazakhstan was collected, and pure cultures of actinomycetes were isolated and cultured in modified Bennett’s broth with either high concentrations of salt or high pH to mimic extreme environments. Extracts obtained from selected actinomycetes strains were used to test for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger.Results: A total of 5936 strains of extremophile actinomycetes were isolated; from these, 2019 strains were further isolated into pure cultures. Of these, 415 actinomycetes strains that demonstrated antagonistic antibacterial activities were selected.  These actinomycetes were further classified into groups and subgroups based on their responses to different culture conditions. Antimicrobial antagonism activity for some of the actinomycetes strains was dependent on culture conditions and development of  aerial mycelia under extreme conditions.Conclusion: We identified several interesting candidate extracts with putative antimicrobial activities against several strains of drug resistant pathogens. Our research of the actinomycetes’ ability to produce antibiotics in the near-natural conditions provides a great opportunity to assess their biodiversity and distribution in the Central Asian region and to develop new methodological approaches to the screening of new antimicrobial agents.
Music Education as a Path to Positive Youth Development: An El Sistema-Inspired Program
Authors: Hospital Michelle Marie , Morris Staci Leon , Wagner Eric F. , Wales Eva
Published: December 2018

The El Sistema music education philosophy links positive individual and social development through musical education. This study is a longitudinal examination of the impact of participation in an El Sistema-inspired program, the Miami Music Project, on positive youth development. We hypothesized that over the course of a school year, participation in ensemble-based after-school music programming would significantly enhance factors associated with positive youth development. Specifically, we evaluated social emotional constructs aligned with the Five Cs of Positive Youth Development: Competence, Confidence, Caring, Character, and Connection. Results revealed that participants showed significant increases across all five Cs over the course of the year. Additionally, findings showed that Miami Music Project students showed greater enhancements over time in Character, Competence and Caring when compared to a group of youth who did not participate in music education. This study presents empirical documentation of the numerous meaningful social and emotional enhancements that participation in an El Sistema-inspired program is engendering among youth. In this type of rigorous orchestral model of musical instruction, youth seem to acquire not only cognitive benefits but also a host of social and emotional enhancements, ostensibly from learning in an environment that requires disciplined social cohesion. These findings provide insight into the holistic approach foundational to the El Sistema philosophy and adds to our overall understanding of musical instruction in important ways.
Curriculum Review: Relationship Smarts Plus 4.0
Authors: Chan Alexander E.
Published: December 2018

The Relationship Smarts Plus curriculum contains 13 lessons regarding identity, principles of healthy dating, and communication skills. Lessons also include warning signs of abusive relationship and address the issue of intimate partner violence. At its core, the curriculum is built to teach youth how to realistically assess their real and potential dating relationships before making commitments or engaging in behaviors that may lead to unintentional commitments. This is a useful curriculum for educators seeking to engage a teen audience with research-informed activities in an area where teens have few sources of reputable information.
Parents' and Youths' Solicitation and Disclosure of Information in Today's Digital Age
Authors: Rudi Jessie H. , Dworkin Jodi
Published: December 2018

Extensive research has identified parental monitoring to be a protective factor for youth. Parental monitoring includes parents’ solicitation of information from their child and the child’s voluntary disclosure of information. In today’s digital society, parental monitoring can occur using technology, such as text messaging, email, and social networking sites. The current study describes parents’ and youths’ communication technology use explicitly to solicit and share information with each other in a sample of 56 parent–youth dyads from the same family (youth were 13 to 25 years old). We also examined associations between in-person parental monitoring, parental monitoring using technology, parental knowledge, and youth substance use initiation. Results revealed great variability in frequency of parental monitoring using technology, with a subgroup of parents and youth reporting doing these behaviors very frequently. Parental monitoring using technology was not associated with greater parental knowledge or youth substance use initiation after controlling for youth age group (adolescent or emerging adult) and gender composition of dyads. However, in-person communication between youth and parents remained an important variable and was positively associated with parental knowledge. Youth workers could empower parents to focus on in-person communication, and not rely solely on communication using technology.
“Little Girl Bay,” Frontier, and Folklore: Fitzgerald's Use of Regional History in The Great Gatsby
Authors: Kenyon Julie
Published: December 2018

F. Scott Fitzgerald made deliberate, artistic choices in depicting the Midwest. In The Great Gatsby, he chose “Little Girl Bay” as the setting for James Gatz's transformation into Jay Gatsby on the shores of Lake Superior. Fitzgerald's setting is based on Little Girl's Point on Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Historic information about this frontier setting illuminates Gatz's transformation and grounds his traits in regional history. This article explores the setting's proximity to logging and mining camps, infamous turn-of-the-twentieth-century Hurley, Wisconsin, saloons and brothels, and the confluence of immigrant newcomers and indigenous people. It places significant focus on Henry R. Schoolcraft's Ojibwe folktale “Leelinau, or The Lost Daughter” as the basis for the name of Little Girl's Point as handed down by Schoolcraft's wife, Bamewawagezhikaquay (Jane J. Schoolcraft). The tale, which parallels motifs in The Great Gatsby, tells of a young maiden who runs off with her fairy lover. At night her moonlit figure is seen on the shore by fishermen across the waters. When they approach, she flees, sheltered by her lover's green plumes.
Gatsby? Which
Gatsby? How the Novel Fares in Italian Translation
Authors: Wardle Mary
Published: December 2018

While anyone proficient in English can read Fitzgerald's texts as he wrote them, for millions of non-English speakers the only option is to rely on translations. The Great Gatsby alone has been translated into at least forty-two different languages. If we take into account that often more than one translation exists within each individual language community, we have to ask ourselves: are we all reading the same text? The novel under examination will be The Great Gatsby and its fifteen Italian translations to date. This article will first follow the editorial journey of the work in Italy, with focus on the first two translations. It will also discuss paratextual elements—the publishing companies, the series within which the novel appeared, dust jackets, product positioning, and so on—and will then concentrate on the transformation of the actual text. One of the debates within translation studies is how “faithful” the translator can or should remain to the original. This article will analyze the varying degrees of freedom available and the consequent effect on an audience which, for linguistic reasons, does not have access to the original version. Elements under investigation will include vocabulary, syntax, and stylistic devices—with specific attention to the way in which culture-specific references have been handled.
The Optimal Level of Earnings Management Deterrence
Authors: Yampuler Michael Ehud
Published: December 2018

The social welfare costs of earnings management have been known to include the distortion of real investment decisions (resulting in inefficient allocation of resources), as well as deadweight loss incurred by the firms to manage earnings. One of the ways used to mitigate the effect of these costs is increasing the level of earnings management deterrence through legislation, regulation and enforcement, as in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. However, by analyzing a rational expectations equilibrium that includes firms, investors, standard-setters, and legislators, I find that there are situations where such an increase in the level of earnings management deterrence may well be counter-productive. When considering the informational benefits of managing earnings and the substitution effect of accrual-based earnings management with real earnings management, increasing deterrence may result in decreasing the information value of financial reporting as well as increasing total social welfare costs of earnings management.
Women’s Knowledge of Health Promotion in the Prevention of Breast and Cervical Cancer in Oshakati Health District, Namibia
Authors: Suoma Iita Saara , Dyk Agnes Van , Wilkinson Wilma , Tuhadeleni Olivia N
Published: December 2018

PURPOSE: The study aimed to explore and describe the knowledge of women regarding health promotion in the prevention of breast and cervical cancer. This study was carried out in the Oshakati district at the Intermediate Hospital Oshakati.

METHODOLOGY: A quantitative approach was used for this study. This approach was chosen in order to provide a comprehensive picture and understanding of the women’s knowledge or awareness of health promotion in the prevention of breast and cervical cancer. The study population consisted of all women of child-bearing age, aged 15 to 49, in the Oshakati health district, that is, 41,985. The research sample was identified as 10% of the study population, thus numbering 419 respondents. The researcher personally distributed 419 questionnaires to every second woman of child-bearing age admitted to the Intermediate Hospital Oshakati.

RESULTS: The findings indicate that awareness of information relating to breast and cervical cancer exists in Oshakati Health District. However, overall knowledge on the causes of breast and cervical cancer, risk factors for breast cancer and warning signs of cervical cancer was very poor. The findings also revealed that while many respondents were informed about breast self-examination (BSE) and had practised it, very few respondents acknowledged clinical breast examination (CBE) attendance once a year, or the use of mammography and sonar attendance as additional screening methods.

RECOMMENDATIONS & CONCLUSION: Based on the findings the study recommends that women should share information with their peers; in addition, radio should be used to disseminate such information as it is the most reliable source of information in the rural areas. Information, education and communication materials on the prevention of breast and cervical cancer should be developed and disseminated to the public. Women should be encouraged to develop a reading culture in order to increase their knowledge.
Causes and Health-Related Outcomes of Road Traffic Crashes in the United Arab Emirates: Panel Data Analysis of Traffic Fines
Authors: Ankit Ahmed , Hamidi Samer , Sengoelge Mathilde
Published: December 2018

AIMS: To investigate the main causes and consequences of road traffic injuries (RTIs) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the effect of traffic fines on these injuries.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study analysed road traffic deaths and injuries and panel data of monthly traffic accident fines from 2012 to 2016 in the UAE. A fixed-effects (FE) model was used to determine the factors associated with RTIs over time. The FE model removes the effect of time-invariant aspects from the independent variables, thus assessing the net impact of the independent variables on the outcome variable. The independent variables were dangerous driving behaviors defined as a sudden turn, neglect and lack of attention, and excess speed. The outcome variables were the total number of road traffic deaths and injuries.

RESULTS: Road traffic deaths, severe injuries, and moderate injuries remained constant from 2012 to 2016 but mild injuries decreased starting 2013. Human errors such as a sudden turn (22%), excess speed (12%) and lack of road user appreciation (12%) play a central role in road traffic injuries. The number of fines issued to drivers (66% for speeding) increased by 50% in the five year period.

CONCLUSION: Road traffic injuries in the UAE remained stable from 2012 to 2016 despite an increase in traffic fines issued to drivers. Human errors continue to be a major cause of these injuries. Additional enforcement strategies are needed to address this health burden.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 10, No. 12
Authors: Grey Erica
Published: December 2018

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 10, No. 12, 2018.
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers as Prognostic Indicators of Severity in Patients With Dengue
Authors: Castro-Orozco Raimundo , Marcelo Adolfo , Garcia María Paquita , Merino Nancy , Escalante-Maldonado Oscar , Mora Cinthya , Rodriguez Marlon
Published: December 2018

There is evidence for the role of oxidative stress in severe dengue pathogenesis. However, previous observational studies presents certain methodological limitations, which may affect its internal and external validity. This study was a case-control analysis of patients with severe dengue and dengue with warning signs, to evaluate the serum protein carbonyls-PCOs and lipid hydroperoxides-LOOHs levels and activities of superoxide dismutases-SODs (MnSOD, Cu/ZnSOD and total SOD), as potential prognosis indicators of severity in dengue patients, using binary logistic regression analysis and strategy of double cross-validation. Therefore, the study population was subdivided into a derivation group (pediatric patients, Barranquilla-Colombia) and an external validation group (children and adults patients, National Institute of Health of Peru). PCOs was the only oxidative stress markers that showed a strongest association with the severity of dengue, both in children and adults. In the derivation group, the optimal cut-off point was estimated at 5.29 nmol/mg of protein, and in the external validation group, it was 5.77 nmol/mg of protein. The prognostic models based on these two diagnostic thresholds showed a high discriminatory capacity of dengue severity, external reproducibility, geographic transportability, and typical characteristics of diagnostic validity and safety of screening tests.
Learning Disabilities Teachers' Attitudes About Professional Development to Address the Needs of Students with Gifted and Learning Disabilities (SGLD): A Qualitative Study
Authors: Alsamiri Yasir A , Aljohni Salman A
Published: December 2018

Learning disabilities teachers exercise a significant influence on the educational development of students with gifted and learning disabilities (SGLD). It is therefore important to understand their attitudes towards professional development in this area to effectively implement training and educational practices to address the needs of SGLD. The authors interviewed 8 learning disabilities teachers in Yanbu city in Saudi Arabia. The interviews were analysed using content analysis. Findings from the study suggest that further professional development in learning disabilities, giftedness and SGLD may assist in improving the educational outcomes of SGLD. The results of this study may assist teachers and educational personnel to seek the optimal methods to identify and assist SGLD.