bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbon landfills and carbon farms: Their impact on the territory of the region
Authors: Kudusov Islam , Satueva Laila , Bankurova Raisa
Published: November 2023

The process of decarbonization in the Russian Federation is being carried out at an accelerated pace. Since the launch of the carbon landfill project in 2021, seven sites have been created, six sites are being created in 2022, and eight more projects are scheduled to open in 2022-2023. In this article, the definition of a carbon landfill and the need for its creation were given. A map of the location of carbon sites on the territory of the Russian Federation, a schedule for the implementation of the carbon project was shown. The prospect of implementing a carbon project in the Voronezh region, the operator of which was the Voronezh State University, is considered in more detail. Plants necessary for planting carbon polygons and carbon farms, as well as ways to dispose of species that are no longer suitable for observation, have been determined. The topic of the need to train personnel to work in the modern realities of the “green” economy and the introduction of new, previously non-existing professions was touched upon. An average of 15 million rubles is allocated from the state budget for the implementation of a carbon landfill. for scientific research and 17–18 million for practical equipment. In addition, Russia is the state with the richest forest fund, which gives it an advantage to become the world leader in carbon dioxide absorption. It is necessary to translate this potential into a monetary equivalent as soon as possible. The action strategy is as follows: calculate the “carbon” balance → sale of cultivated crops → development of the country’s economy. Literally increase the economy of the state, sell clean air.
Methods for monitoring greenhouse gases on the example of the mountain landscapes of the Chechen Republic
Authors: Gadzhiev Nadir , Vagapova Ayna , Elmurzaev Ruslan
Published: November 2023

The most important factor in social-economic development of society is the success of sustainable development. It is the most important factor in socio-economic development of society to achieve the goals for economic development. Achieving the goals of sustainable development is the most important factor in social development of society. On the territory of countries and regions, economic security is one of the key components for economic security in terms of sustainable development and Economic Security. In countries and regions, it has been found that environmental sustainability is one of the key components for economic security in terms of. With its high volumes, Russia is one of the largest emitters from carbon dioxide in Europe due to his large production and oil and gas produced. A significant reason for this is the presence of carbon dioxide in Russia. The main reason for this is the presence of carbon dioxide in the Russian Federation. Participants in the Kyoto Protocol allow Russia to take account of its gases and take measures to reduce them. The participation in the Kyoto Protocol allowed Russia to take responsibility for its own emission, as well as take steps to reduce them. To take responsibility for its emission and make measures that reduce them was also possible. It was also possible to take responsibility for its emissions and take steps that reduce them. The reason for this is that it has been involved. This is due to the fact that it was participated in the.
Current state of innovation infrastructure in the world
Authors: Musostova Deshy , Geraskin Yuri , Tokaeva Bella
Published: November 2023

Innovation plays a key role in the formation and development of modern socio-economic systems. They support economic growth, increase labor productivity, contribute to the creation of new industries and markets, improve the quality of life of the population, and help solve global environmental problems. The implementation of innovative projects requires access to high-tech equipment, specialized laboratories, engineering and technical resources and financing, which necessitates the creation of infrastructure systems that help support innovation at the level of the industry, region and national economy as a whole. This article analyzes the essence and key elements of innovation infrastructure, their importance for ensuring sustainable economic growth, as well as current trends and challenges.
Bioeconomy and its role in the context of digitalization
Authors: Baysaeva Malika , Suleymanova Almira , Magazieva Zarema
Published: November 2023

A country’s progress in innovative development through the bioeconomy is contingent on the extent of research, development, and production within the biotechnology sector. Biotechnology research aimed at producing biologically active compounds has yielded successful applications, including the development of enzymes, vaccines, vitamins, hormones, and antibiotics. Additionally, active research is underway in creating and manufacturing pesticides, enhancing plants’ resistance to diseases, developing new plant and animal varieties, innovating food and animal feed, crafting new strains of beneficial microorganisms, and using biotechnologies for environmental conservation. The adoption of biotechnologies has the potential to reduce production costs in both industry and agriculture, enhance the availability of medicines, improve the quality of medical diagnostics and treatment, and contribute to environmental preservation.
The agricultural sector of the Russian economy and innovative technologies: Evolution, problems and directions of development
Authors: Gishkaeva L. L.
Published: November 2023

The article examines the processes of development of agricultural production in modern Russia. It is noted that the problems of rural development and agricultural sectors became especially acute with the beginning of the processes of market transformation of the country's economy in the 1990s of the 20th century. A significant decline in production volumes in this sector of the economy during the period under review was primarily reflected in a sharp decline in wages and employment in the agricultural sectors. Many workers of agricultural enterprises were forced to move to personal subsidiary plots. As the authors point out, the agricultural policy of those years was actually aimed at maintaining large forms of production in this area, to the detriment of the interests of small companies. In practice, large agricultural producers received funds from the federal budget for the development of the industry. It is noted that the unfavorable ecological situation in the landscapes of various natural zones of the Russian Federation is a consequence of the intensive use of land resources without complying with the necessary environmental requirements. Digital technologies in the agricultural sector of the country’s economy are used only in individual farms, which indicates an “island” type of informatization. The reasons for this phenomenon are that software developers for the needs of the agro-industrial complex do not have the necessary database for the creation and operation of specific production technologies.
Innovative models of sustainable development of the region in the context of technological transformation
Authors: Sumina E. V. , Badyukov A. A.
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the formation of a model of sustainable development of the region in the conditions of technological transformation. The components of the new model, methodological principles, innovative model of technological development are revealed, taking into account environmental priorities; allowing to coordinate the cyclical nature of economic development and the features of the stage of technology development.
Development of environmental accounting as a tool for assessing the economic potential of biotechnologies
Authors: Popov Alexey
Published: November 2023

Global environmental problems have a significant impact on the state of the economy and require the development of new approaches to reduce the negative impact on the environment and the development of new management methods, including the use of biotechnology. The article studies the issues of implementation and use of environmental accounting as a tool for assessing the economic potential of biotechnologies. Based on the review of the points of view of famous scientists, the author’s definition of environmental accounting is formulated, taking into account its multifaceted nature, and the basic principles of its organization are revealed. The use of environmental accounting tools is justified, including calculation of resource savings, determination of the effect of reducing costs for waste management and recycling to identify the potential benefits of using biotechnology, which is illustrated by the example of agriculture, biodiesel production and pharmaceuticals. The main problems of implementing environmental accounting are highlighted, including the lack of standards and unified methods, the low environmental responsibility of a number of enterprises, and high implementation costs. Promising directions for using environmental accounting to assess the economic potential of biotechnologies are revealed, including reducing environmental and financial risks, developing new business strategies, increasing product competitiveness and environmental responsibility of business, which ultimately corresponds to the goals of sustainable development while continuing further research in this area.
Achieving sustainable development goals in the context of socially oriented government programs and national projects
Authors: Sheina Ekaterina , Kochieva Janna
Published: November 2023

Achieving sustainable development goals is a strategic guideline for the national economies of most countries, which is embodied through the establishment of socially oriented investment and stimulating the involvement of socially oriented stakeholders in the investment process, the most important of which is the state. At the state level, socially oriented investment projects are various state programs and national projects implemented with the help of a wide range of entities in interaction with the state - development institutions, business communities, private investors. The motivation for participation in these programs and projects is the presence of specialization as a key characteristic of investors with a social orientation of investment goals, which is reflected in the scientific and theoretical approach proposed by the authors in this study and built on the relationship between the level of specialization, the percentage of budget funds spent, and the assessment of the organization of synchronicity interaction between stakeholders of the investment process, as well as the formation of the goals of socially oriented investment.
Disclosure of ESG business sustainability components in non-financial reporting of companies: The problem of the chosen ones?
Authors: Tkachenko Irina N. , Ramenskaya Lyudmila A.
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of disclosing the components of ESG business sustainability in non-financial reporting of companies. The authors raise the question of the availability of non-financial reports, the problem of correlating the information provided by RAEX rating data and the presence or absence of public data on company websites. As in many foreign and Russian publications, the authors of the article emphasize that the practice of non-financial reporting has become typical for large business companies, while at the same time, the official Internet portals of many companies, even the leaders of the ESG rating, contain only occasional mention of projects and initiatives, not appear to be of a systemic nature. The undisputed leaders both in the RAEX rating and in the provision of non-financial reporting are companies belonging to the 1st level of MOEX listing. The authors of the article believe that in order for non-financial reporting to become a common practice not only for large business companies, but also for medium and small businesses, much remains to be done.
The problem of inequality in the context of sustainable development
Authors: Suleymanov Magomed , Salamova Ayna , Magomadova Elza
Published: November 2023

Inequality refers to the disparities within a population in terms of living conditions and the opportunities available for individuals to realize their potential. Inequality results in a portion of the population being deprived of the fundamental right to a decent standard of living. The issue of inequality is closely intertwined with the concept of social justice. Throughout the history of societies, social justice has consistently been associated with the idea of equality. At its core, equality encompasses essential principles such as the right to life, freedom, and the pursuit of happiness. This concept of equality also extends to the notion of equal opportunities. It implies that artificial barriers should not impede individuals from attaining positions in society that align with their abilities and aspirations, guided by their core principles. Furthermore, equality includes the concept of equal outcomes through fair and equitable distribution, ensuring that everyone receives their fair share of resources and opportunities.
Poverty reduction strategy in countries with economies in transition
Authors: Salamova Ayna , Khazhuev Islam , Ismailov Anzor
Published: November 2023

Economic inequality, rooted in the unequal distribution of material resources, creates a division in society between the "wealthy" and the "poor." The wealthy individuals possess high incomes and property, which not only contributes to their financial affluence but also grants them more power and influence. While their influence may not be absolute, it is significantly greater than that of the average citizen in any given country. Additionally, wealth provides easier access to other non-material goods, such as education and healthcare, which also suffer from significant social disparities.
The influence of human capital on innovation processes
Authors: Dasuev Muslim
Published: November 2023

To address the needs of the economy for exceptionally skilled technical professionals and streamline the vocational education system, we will introduce an applied bachelor's degree model. This model entails acquiring essential knowledge in a specific field and gaining expertise in handling advanced technologies and their various counterparts. Moreover, we will prioritize the fusion of technical and managerial proficiencies in contemporary engineering education. Simultaneously, we will offer the opportunity to acquire foundational knowledge in technology and technological management as part of educational programs within the realms of economics and management in higher education. This multifaceted approach is designed to nurture a workforce capable of meeting the ever-evolving demands of the modern economy.
Tax regulation as a tool for socio-economic regulation of the economy
Authors: Hasanova Satsita
Published: November 2023

The direction of the development vector of the state itself depends on the effectiveness of state regulation of tax policy, since tax regulation is an effective tool for rationalizing the use of resource potential, as the main problem of the economy, through the introduction of taxes in the area of resource use in economic or other activities. Thus, tax regulation is an indirect, targeted impact on the activities of business entities to influence the economic performance of the country. Tax regulation is one of the state’s instruments that influence the country’s economy, based on its goals, prospects and economic concept.
Systematic, ecological-cenotic analysis and the problem of protection of plant species in the central site of the Way Carbon polygon
Authors: Iriskhanova Zazu , Bekmurzaeva Rashiya
Published: November 2023

This report provides systematic, ecological-coenotic analyzes and the problem of protecting the studied plant species of the central site of the WAY CARBON carbon polygon. The data was obtained as a result of field research, study of herbarium material and literary data. Each species has a unique identifier that describes only that species. It is the second word in the two-word naming system of the species' scientific name. Protected species are vital to the conservation of global biodiversity. During the field survey of the study area, classical methods of route floristic and geobotanical research were used.
Rational use of local wild plant raw materials in food industry
Authors: Deryusheva Olga V. , Rogova Olga V. , Korpacheva Svetlana M.
Published: November 2023

The paper presents main modern trends in the field of resource conservation and ensuring sustainable consumption and production models in food industry. On the example of burdock root, the possibility of the use of wild plants for ensuring above-mentioned models is studied. In the study, formulation and production technology of “Burdock root – Raspberry” drink were developed and substantiated. The raw material used for the drink was evaluated on microbiological indicators, and the results showed the safety of used ingredients. The optimal ratio of the main drink ingredients was determined by mathematical modeling using the MatLab software product. The obtained drink was evaluated on its sensory characteristics using expert assessment method. Evaluation of burdock influence on the quality of experimental drink sample showed that it had higher sensory characteristics compared to control sample because of its lower astringency. The use of burdock root as a food additive in drink production technology will expand the range of drinks and improve their nutritional value and consumer characteristics.
Sustainability study of industrial engineering markets in Russia: Persistence analysis
Authors: Yaroshevich Natalya , Komarova Oxana
Published: November 2023

The development of industrial engineering markets and the assessment of their sustainability is one of the elements for ensuring the sustainability of industrialization, innovation and infrastructure development. On the basis of theoretical analysis, a methodological approach to assessing market stability has been developed, based on a comprehensive assessment of the company stability, market structure and dynamics. An empirical analysis of the development of mechanical engineering in the modern economy allowed us to identify a typology of market stability: a turbulent market, an emerging market, a market with unstable profitability, and a stable market. The presented typology of the stability for the industrial market can become the basis for the formation of the strategy for innovative and technological development of a company, as well as be crucial in the formation of a new industrial policy aimed at the sustainable development of the national economy as a whole.
Use of labor resources of specially displaced Chechens in the first years of deportation
Authors: Tsutsulaeva Sapiyat
Published: November 2023

The concept you provided underscores a fundamental principle in economics and labor market dynamics. When the economy undergoes structural changes, jobs are both created and lost. This phenomenon, often termed "creative destruction," plays a pivotal role in economic advancement. In this process, less productive and outdated jobs are replaced by more modern and efficient ones due to factors like technological advancements, shifting consumer preferences, and changes in global trade. Similarly, as new businesses emerge, older ones may fade away, affecting the overall employment landscape. The overall number of jobs in the economy hinges on the equilibrium between job creation and job destruction. Economists employ various methodologies to assess these trends, involving the analysis of labor market data, surveys, and economic patterns. This insight is indispensable for policymakers, businesses, and workers to navigate the evolving labor market successfully. It's worth noting that these transformations can be disruptive and challenging for workers in declining industries. Consequently, governments and businesses often implement strategies and policies to help these workers transition to new opportunities through retraining and support services. Understanding these dynamics is vital for long-term economic growth and prosperity.
Sustainable consumption and fair trade development
Authors: Musaeva Kheda
Published: November 2023

Currently, we find ourselves entrenched in an economic model reliant on fossil fuels and prone to generating waste. This model links development and expansion to the consumption of finite resources. It is imperative that we transform this global consumption pattern. However, this transformation must be executed in a manner that not only addresses but also advances efforts to combat issues such as poverty, hunger, inequality, inadequate healthcare, and housing shortages. These challenges inflict considerable harm on populations worldwide, with the southern hemisphere experiencing particularly severe repercussions, exacerbated by the profound impacts of climate change.
Integrated approaches to poverty problems
Authors: Salamova Ayna , Kantemirova Mira , Makazieva Zara
Published: November 2023

Poverty is a multifaceted issue that requires comprehensive strategies to tackle its various dimensions. By combining economic, social, and policy interventions, it becomes possible to address the root causes of poverty and work towards sustainable solutions. This abstract highlights the importance of understanding the complexities of poverty and the need for collaborative efforts among governments, organizations, and communities to create lasting change. Integrated approaches provide a holistic framework to combat poverty and improve the well-being of affected populations.
Digital educational solutions as a factor of human capital formation
Authors: Kaloshina Tatiana , Sichkarev Dmitry
Published: November 2023

Digital technologies provide unlimited access to information resources, contribute to the formation of skills in demand in the modern labor market. They also create new opportunities for entrepreneurship and business. All this is impossible without human participation. In this article we discuss the impact of digital educational technologies on the formation of human capital. In our opinion, digital educational technologies play a significant role in the development and growth of the individual, society and the economy as a whole. They make it possible to improve access to education, increase quality and efficiency, and adapt learning materials and methods to the individual needs of the learner. Digital education is becoming more and more popular every year, and new trends are emerging to shape its development.
Harnessing virtual reality and simulation technologies in education for sustainable development
Authors: Mentsiev Adam , Aygumov Timur , Zaripova Rimma
Published: November 2023

Sustainable development is one of the key topics for modern society. Based on existing global challenges such as climate change and biodiversity loss, it is necessary to look for new ways of sustainable development that take into account economic, social and environmental aspects. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of education in shaping sustainable development and assess the impact of new educational technologies on achieving sustainability. This study examines the importance of introducing virtual reality and simulation into the educational process in Russia. The authors discuss the benefits of using these technologies, such as increased student engagement, more visual learning, and professional skill development. Particular attention is paid to the ability of virtual reality to create a realistic learning environment that allows students to interact with the virtual world and put the concepts they are learning into practice.
Sanatorium-resort complex as a healthcare integral part in a period of socio-economic instability
Authors: Oshkordina A. , Goncharova N. , Shatrova A. Ya.
Published: November 2023

The relevance of the research topic is due to the ambiguity of the influence of interrelated factors and conditions of the historical and cultural level of development of the sanatorium and resort complex of a large industrial region of Russia under the influence of changes in the socio-political and economic situation. The article summarizes and systematizes information and analytical materials that reflect the stages of formation and development of sanatorium organizations in the Sverdlovsk region. The author presents an attempt to identify mutually conditioning relationships and contradictions in the development of organizations of the sanatorium complex. The purpose of the study is to identify the influence of socio-cultural factors in the development of sanatorium organizations on increasing the level of competitiveness of tourist destinations in the industrial region of the Urals. Based on the processing, analysis and comparison of information-analytical and regulatory material of official sources of foreign and domestic literature, presented in the article, the author's conclusions are formulated about the role and contribution of the functioning of sanatorium-resort organizations in the socio-cultural and economic development of settlements, small towns and tourist destinations in the Sverdlovsk region.
Innovative processes in the development of modern world tourism
Authors: Gishkaeva L. L.
Published: November 2023

The article discusses the development of the tourism industry in the modern economy. It is noted that today the tourism industry is becoming one of the important components of the global economy, which has a great impact on the functioning of various spheres of social activity. Tourism was able to achieve its highest development after the lifting of the “Iron Curtain” in conditions of freer movement across different countries. The main directions of development of the global tourism industry such as ecotourism, the congress industry, medical tourism, etc. are considered. The importance of the development of the tourism industry for the Russian economy is determined, since tourism is a serious source of development of the national economy, increasing employment and, accordingly, income of the population. The possibilities and directions for the development of tourism in Russia, which is striving to become an increasingly active participant in the international market of tourism services, are explored. It is noted that domestic tourism, aimed at getting to know the traditions and culture of the peoples of one’s country, is becoming increasingly popular in the country, and in this regard, the Russian Federation has very great potential. Much attention is paid to the study of the development processes of the tourism industry on the territory of the Chechen Republic as one of the subjects of the country.
A High-Granularity Timing Detector for the ATLAS Phase-II upgrade
Authors: Perrin Océane
Published: November 2023

The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) will reach an integrated luminosity up to 4 000 fb-1 from 2029 to 2039. The number of collisions per bunch crossing will significantly increase, rising a challenge in terms of pileup mitigation that will have a severe impact on the ATLAS detector performance. Therefore, the HighGranularity Timing Dectector (HGTD) will be installed in front of the Liquid Argon Calorimeter (LAr) covering the forward region with a pseudo-rapity from 2.4 to 4.0. HGTD will provide a time measurement of the time for Minimum Ionizing Particles (MIP) with a 30 ps per track resolution and will be coupled to the futur tracking detector (ITk) to assign each particle to a vertex. HGTD will be composed of 3.6 million readout channels, including a Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) based technology sensors and a front-end readout chip (ASIC) based on the 130 nm CMOS technology. These latest will be combined and assembled to produce a module, that will be installed and glued on a support unit. This article presents a general overview of the HGTD project, its status and some highlights of sensitive components.
The new readout system for the ALICE Zero Degree Calorimeter in LHC Run 3
Authors: De Remigis Paolo , Cortese Pietro , Cotto Giorgio , De Marco Nora , Lombardo Luca , Puggioni Carlo , Sitta Mario , Zugravel Stefan Cristi
Published: November 2023

The Zero Degree Calorimeter (ZDC) was designed to provide the event geometry and luminosity measurements in heavy-ion operation. In order to exploit the potential offered by the LHC’s increased luminosity in Run 3, the ZDC upgraded its readout system to acquire all collisions in self triggered mode without dead time. The purpose of the upgrade was to enable the detector to cope with the increased event rate while preserving its time and charge resolution performance. The ZDC operating conditions in Run 3 Pb – Pb collisions are extremely challenging due to the presence of electromagnetic dissociation processes (EMD). For example when running in self-triggered mode the ZDC system will need to sustain a readout rate of ∼2.5 MHz for the channels of the most exposed calorimeters compared to the foreseen hadronic rate of 50 kHz sustained by the other detectors. The previous electronics, based on Charge-to-digital converters (QDCs), with a fixed dead time of ∼ 10 μμs, and on readout through VME bus, could not cope with such a high rate. Moreover, a crucial aspect of the ZDC operation in Run 3 is acquiring the events with a reduced bunch spacing of 50 ns (lower than the length of the signal of ∼ 60 ns) in the presence of high signal dynamics (from a single neutron to ∼ 60 neutrons). The new acquisition chain is based on a 12 bit digitizer with a sampling rate of about 1 GS/s, assembled on an FPGA Mezzanine Card. The signals produced by the ZDC channels are digitized, and samples are processed through an FPGA to extract information such as timing, baseline average estimation and luminosity. The architecture of the new readout system, the auto trigger strategy, the firmware organization and the ZDC performance during 2022 Pb–Pb collisions are presented.
Modelling of a SiC Based Detector for the Interpretation of 14.1 MeV Neutrons Measurements
Authors: Potiron Quentin , Destouches Christophe , Dubus Léo , Houry Michael , Llido Olivier , Lyoussi Abdallah , Ottaviani Laurent , Reynard-Carette Christelle
Published: November 2023

Wide-bandgap semiconductor-based fast neutron detectors such as silicon carbide (SiC) seem to be a promising concept to meet the implementation requirements as well as the performance specifications for fusion and fission environments such as radiation hardness as well as thermal and mechanical stabilities. Beyond the problem of integration of the device in constrained environments, the issue of the quantitative response of the device in a mixed radiation field must be addressed. Therefore, the characterisation of the detector performances, according to the energy of the neutrons is a key first step needed for neutron detection and monitoring in mixed radiation environments with high levels of gammas and fast and thermal neutron fluxes emissions at large energy scales. This paper presents the interpretation of 14.1 MeV neutron measurements using a numerical model developed with the GEANT4 MonteCarlo transport code. The methodology used for a first attempt to estimate the fluence rate of incident neutrons is exposed and a calculation versus experiment ratio is determined.
Characterization of the Fast Neutron Generators for Calibration of Fusion Neutron Diagnostics
Authors: Kormilitsyn T. , Pankratenko A. , Kashchuk Yu. , Obudovsky S. , Rodionov R. , Fridrikhsen D. , Krasilnikov A. , Syromukov S. , Yurkov D.
Published: November 2023

Modern magnetic confinement fusion devices increasingly rely on extensive neutron diagnostic configurations to measure a plethora of key plasma parameters. Measurement accuracy for these diagnostics depends heavily on in situ calibration. In order to enable said calibration, we set out to propose a reliable and powerful fast neutron source, to define a characterization plan for this source in terms of yield, flux and energy distributions, propose an optimized set of tools suitable for online monitoring of neutron source performance and its metrological characteristics. In the framework of this research activity with the ultimate aim of ITER tokamak neutron diagnostics calibration we rely on industrial-grade fast neutron generator NG-24 (D-D neutron yield ~109 n/s, D-T neutron yield ~1011 n/s) with sealed tube and stuffed, titanium target developed by FSUE VNIIA. The well-known analytical expressions for thick target NGs and our measurements using neutron spectrometers utilizing threshold reactions – diamond detector and LaCl3 scintillator for D-T and D-D neutron generators respectively – were found to be significantly coherent. These data are supported through our multi-step forward modelling including ion stopping in target, fusion reaction kinematics modelling and calculating detector response based on modelled neutron spectra. We discuss methods of uncertainty mitigation of neutron spectrometer measurements. Application of both neutron activation analysis and gas-filled neutron flux monitors during source characterization and operation allows for lowing statistical uncertainty of neutron flux measurements to 1% level over 1 minute of time resolution. Over the course of several measurement campaigns the optimal set of measurement tools have been determined including detector dimensions, required acquisition time, calibration methods.
Digitizer hardware for magnetic data acquisition on COMPASS-U
Authors: Oliveira J. , Torres A. , Batista A.J.N , Sousa J. , Carvalho B. , Havranek A. , Fernandes H.
Published: November 2023

This paper presents the design and development of a modular digitizer prototype tailored for magnetic sensor data acquisition within the COMPASS-U tokamak facility, an upcoming experiment in Prague that will operate under conditions relevant to future experiments like ITER and DEMO. The magnetic diagnostic data serves a dual role, both for scientific analysis and real-time control. Due to the latter, the data integrity and fidelity is paramount for the plasma performance and overall safety of the fusion experiment. The digitizer prototype showcases a contemporary adaptation of prior board designs deployed in large fusion experiments such as JET and W7X. Leveraging the advanced capabilities of the Xilinx K26 Zynq Ultrascale+ System-on-Module, this digitizer interfaces seamlessly with ADC modules, facilitating real-time data pre-processing. The digitizer sends data to the real-time control system by a high-speed PCI Express interface. A distinctive facet of the design lies in its configurable clock architecture, allowing versatile distribution of clocks and triggers to accommodate diverse experimental scenarios. The inherent modularity and dynamic reprogramming of the hardware mean the system can find applications beyond its intended role. These include data acquisition for other diagnostics or application in different experiments. The modularity and flexibility and scalability of this design position it as invaluable candidate for high-volume data acquisition systems with a high number of isolated channels at a low cost per channel. As the scientific community endeavors towards advancing fusion technologies, the presented modular digitizer design stands poised to make significant contributions in magnetic diagnostics and real-time control applications.
Exploring the ENEA Casaccia and ENEA Frascati irradiation capabilities: Status and perspectives
Authors: Croia Michele , Burgio Nunzio , Ampollini Alessandro , Astorino Maria Denise , Bazzano Giulia , Bianchi Barbara , Cesaroni Mateo , Falconi Luca , Fiore Salvatore , Lepore Luigi , Nascetti Augusto , Nenzi Paolo , Pietropaolo Antonino , Ronsivalle Concetta , Santagata Alfonso , Ratto Antonino , Ricci Pierpaolo , Scaramuzzo Luigi
Published: November 2023

A collaboration between different facilities in Casaccia and Frascati ENEA research centers has recently opened the possibility of performing irradiation experiments using different kinds of particles such as protons, neutrons, and electrons. The facilities involved in the project are the TAPIRO fast nuclear research reactor, the TOP-IMPLART proton accelerator (71 MeV), the REX electron accelerator (5 MeV) and the FNG neutron facility (2.5/14 MeV). This suite of plans represents a distributed irradiation facility using different particles and spectra, offering various irradiation capabilities for experiments in many fields, such as: nuclear physics, accelerator physics, aerospace, science material, medicine, detectors, radiation diagnostics, etc. Complete numerical models of all the facilities have been implemented to perform start-to-end simulations before experimental irradiation using beam dynamics and nuclear transport simulation codes. In addition, our distributed irradiation facility makes it possible to recreate an essential part of the Van Allen Belt radiation allowing us to check the FLUKA quantitative calibration regarding this specific simulation, facilitating the disentanglements of the uncertainties. Finally, a comparison of the estimated silicon 1 MeV neutron equivalent fluence (SI1MEVNE) of the radiation damage imparted by the different facilities is presented.
The CABRI fast neutrons Hodoscope: CABRI model and signal-to-mass conversion charts
Authors: Chevalier Vincent , Di Salvo Jacques
Published: November 2023

The CABRI experimental pulse reactor, located at the Cadarache nuclear research center, southern France, is devoted to the study of Reactivity Initiated Accidents (RIA). The hodoscope, installed in the CABRI reactor, is a unique online fuel motion monitoring system, operated by IRSN. This equipment is dedicated to the measurement of the fast neutrons emitted by the tested rod, in real time (with a rate of 1ms), during the power pulse. It is one of the distinctive features of the CABRI reactor facility, which is operated by CEA. To support the experimental task around CABRI reactor, by the experimenters who work on the Hodoscope, a Monte Carlo model, using the MORET code, is used by IRSN. This paper presents the main outcomes obtained during the reactor commissioning tests functioning, using Hodoscope results compared to MORET calculations, which proves the validity of the CABRI MORET model. Furthermore, we show how MORET code is used to build the signal-to-mass conversion charts of the Hodoscope.
Simulation design of online Beam Monitoring for the MULTISCAN 3D Laser-Plasma X-Ray Source
Authors: Garrido Eric , Tisseur David , Carasco Cedric , Perot Bertrand
Published: November 2023

Many private and public actors in the security field use imaging systems with embedded X-ray accelerators for rail, seaports and border controls. These accelerators produce X-rays by the Bremsstrahlung effect, leading the output beam to have a very wide energy spectrum which precise form is difficult to know, especially the end-point energy. Mastering this energy distribution is nevertheless essential for certain applications like material discrimination. In addition, fluctuations over time or even from one pulse to another can disturb the analysis of the images and it is expected that the new X-ray sources based on laser-plasma accelerators, which are developed in the frame of MULTISCAN 3D H2020 project, will also increase this beam instability. In this context, we study a direct beam measurement at the exit of the target with a minimum footprint and a fast response, so that the results can be used in real time. A 50 mm × 50 mm × 2 mm scintillator is irradiated on the side by the X-ray beam (i.e. on a 50 mm × 2 mm face) and filmed from the top (i.e. on a 50 mm × 50 mm face). The light intensity of the image obtained by the camera is directly proportional to the dose deposition in this scintillator, and the depth profile is related to the X-ray energy spectrum. A study on different materials (PVT, CsI, BGO) is presented in order to determine the optimal scintillator. Several unfolding algorithms are examined to reconstruct the X-ray spectrum from monochromatic response functions of these detectors, which are calculated using MCNP code for a range of photon energies covering the expected X-ray spectrum. This study based on simulation results shows the feasibility of this technique, it appears that the Sequential Least SQuares Programming (SLSQP) minimization algorithm gives the most promising results and that the CsI scintillator provides better spectral information. It is probably due to the intermediate dose profile shape between PVT (flat falling tail) and BGO (steep rise). The binning of the depth profile (typically 100 µm or less) is also an important parameter to describe the initial steep march, and thus to keep the spectral information therein.
New 3D coded aperture collimator for X/gamma-ray wide-field imaging
Authors: Susaiev Yaroslav , Schoepff Vincent , Limousin Olivier
Published: November 2023

Remote localization of radioactive sources is vital to the nuclear industry and high-energy astrophysics. One widely used method to localize radioactive sources relies on indirect imaging with coded aperture cameras. It involves using a coded aperture collimator called the “coded mask” accompanied by a position-sensitive X/gamma-ray detector with a dedicated deconvolution algorithm. However, a known disadvantage of such cameras is their limited field of view, resulting in a restricted capture area when analyzing complex contaminated scenes or transient astrophysical events. Our paper introduces a new non-planar coded mask prototype designed to expand the field of view of standard coded aperture cameras. Our 3D coded mask is a tantalum hemisphere with a spiral-shaped hole. We use the Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization algorithm to reconstruct the radioactive source images. We test our prototype on data acquired with Timepix3 hybrid pixel detector equipped with our mask.
An electronic dosimeter for diagnostic X-ray beams based on a differential amplifier circuit with MOSFETs
Authors: Gonçalves Filho Luiz C. , Santos Luiz A.P.
Published: November 2023

It is known that the device MOSFET works as a dosimeter in radiation beams for cancer radiotherapy. Basically, the radiation beam generates defects in a way that produces in the MOSFET the variation in its threshold voltage, VT, which is proportional to the accumulated radiation dose. Recently, MOSFETs were also tested under X-ray beams commonly used in the energy range applied to medical diagnoses, which is lower energy than radiotherapy. Indeed, it was already shown that the MOSFET drain current varies with the radiation dose for energies in the range applied to diagnostic radiology. In this paper, an innovative method based on a differential amplifier circuit with two electronically matched MOSFETs is presented. Therefore, before irradiation the differential output voltage signal, Vdif = 0. Actually, it is a differential amplifier circuit with one of the MOSFETs shielded from the ionizing radiation beam. Therefore, if such a circuit is irradiated the difference between ID1 and ID2, from MOSFET1 and MOSFET2 respectively, will result Vdif ≠ 0. To evaluate the response of this electronic dosimeter it was tested under a diagnostic radiology beam typically used in clinics to take radiography of patients. The results showed that the proposed dosimeter works and varies linearly with the radiation dose. The technology developed in this paper will allow research to be carried out for optimizing such electronic dosimeter to make it a wearable device and can be able to use it by workers exposed to ionizing radiation in nuclear power plants or even in outer space.
Radiological characterization of high-energy proton Tantalum targets from CERN-ISOLDE Facility
Authors: Menaa Nabil , Boscher Aurore , Catherall Richard , Dumont Gerald , Magistris Matteo , De Man Sven , Mouret Renaud , Pisano Paolo , othe Sebastien , Stegemann Simon , Theis Chris , Vollaire Joachim
Published: November 2023

Accelerator-based techniques are considered among the leading methods to produce radioactive nuclei. The ISOLDE facility (Isotope mass Separator On-Line DEvice) at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) is a unique source of beams of radioactive nuclides that are used in a wide range of research domains, from nuclear astrophysics to life sciences. Over 400 ISOLDE targets are currently stored at CERN and an average of 30 targets are irradiated every year. All these targets are planned to be dismantled and disposed of as radioactive waste in a dedicated repository in Switzerland. This paper provides an overview of the challenges related to the radionuclide activity predictions, the number of activation scenarios, dismantling and conditioning of the Radioactive Waste (RW) using a hot cell (HC), the high dose rate, uncertainties related to unknown geometry parameters of the RW packages, and finally industrializing a complex RW elimination process as ITEP for an accelerator complex. The performed work addresses each of these challenges and offers technical solutions based on state-of-the-art computational codes, statistical techniques, and state of art Non-Destructive Assay (NDA) techniques using high energy-resolution gamma spectrometry. The methodology followed can be of guidance for the development of similar processes at other facilities.
An innovative detector for X-ray beams made of polyethylene terephthalate built in a 3D printer
Authors: Gomes Daniel F. , Silva Edvane B. , Santos Luiz A.P.
Published: November 2023

3D printers have been increasingly used to create different objects and tools for the most diverse areas of knowledge. In this paper, we bring results of the response of an X-ray detector that was made on a 3D printer with polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PET-G) material. The manufacturing process has practically two steps, which consists of building a composite of two materials: a build-up cap made of PET-G; and a semiconductor film made of carbon-doped PET. The experimental methods performed were basically to compare the signals from the new PET-based X-ray detector with the signals from typical detectors. Clinical X-ray beams were used to test such an innovative detector. Two X-ray tube parameters were varied to analyse the response of the PET-based X-ray detector: potential (kV) and workload (mAs). The study points out the PET-G detector works and is easy to manufacture, although the signal is weaker than a typical semiconductor detector. Also, the noise signal is at least one order of magnitude smaller than silicon detectors. Furthermore, the density of PET is almost equivalent to human tissue, which is an advantage for dosimetry in phantoms. Finally, such a detector could become an option for X-ray beams in the near future.
A model of spatial resolution uncertainty for Compton camera imaging
Authors: Ma Yanting , Rapp Joshua , Boufounos Petros , Mansour Hassan
Published: November 2023

Compton cameras use a pair of detectors to record the energy deposited during Compton scattering and photoabsorption of gamma ray photons. By inverting the forward model for these detection events, the 3D radioactive source distribution can be recovered computationally. However, existing methods of describing the forward model ignore the ambiguity in the Compton cone axis introduced by the detector pixel size. In this paper, we introduce approximations to the axis ambiguity that make the description of the source ambiguity computationally tractable and improve the accuracy of the detection forward model. Specifically, we model the pixel active areas as discs, so the intersection between all possible Compton cone axes and a plane parallel to the detectors is also a disc. Because of ambiguity in the Compton cone axis, the gamma source position is constrained to lie within a more complicated volume that we approximately bound by ellipses or hyperbolas at discrete depth slices. We perform simulations of single point gamma sources using the Geant4 software. Our forward model leads to improved source distribution recovery using both backprojection and iterative reconstruction methods, demonstrating that accurate localization can be performed from a smaller number of detected photons.