bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Docosahexaenoic acid-rich algae oil supplementation on breast milk fatty acid profile of mothers who delivered prematurely: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Fougère Hélène , Bilodeau Jean-François , Lavoie Pascal M. , Mohamed Ibrahim , Rudkowska Iwona , Pronovost Etienne , Simonyan David , Berthiaume Line , Guillot Mireille , Piedboeuf Bruno , Julien Pierre , Marc Isabelle
Published: November 2021

Preterm infants are deficient in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a fatty acid (FA) associated with an increase in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). In two previous randomized control trials, DHA supplementation did not reduce the risk of BPD. We examined the breast milk FA profile, collected 14 days after birth, of mothers who delivered before 29 weeks of gestation and who were supplemented with DHA-rich algae oil or a placebo within 72 h after birth as part of the MOBYDIck trial. Milk FA were analyzed by gas chromatography. The total amount of FA (mg/mL) was similar in both groups but the supplementation increased DHA (expressed as % of total FA, mean ± SD, treatment vs placebo, 0.95 ± 0.44% vs 0.34 ± 0.20%; P < 0.0001), n-6 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) (0.275 ± 0.14% vs 0.04 ± 0.04%; P < 0.0001) and eicosapentaenoic acid (0.08 ± 0.08% vs 0.07 ± 0.07%; P < 0.0001) while decreasing n-3 DPA (0.16 ± 0.05% vs 0.17 ± 0.06%; P < 0.05). Supplementation changed the ratio of DHA to arachidonic acid (1.76 ± 1.55% vs 0.60 ± 0.31%; P < 0.0001) and n-6 to n-3 FA (0.21 ± 0.06% vs 0.17 ± 0.04%; P < 0.0001). DHA-rich algae supplementation successfully increased the DHA content of breast milk but also included secondary changes that are closely involved with inflammation and may contribute to changing clinical outcomes.
Highly efficient patterning technique for silver nanowire electrodes by electrospray deposition and its application to self-powered triboelectric tactile sensor
Authors: Song Jin Yeong , Oh Jae Hee , Choi Dongwhi , Park Sang Min
Published: November 2021

A patterned transparent electrode is a crucial component of state-of-the-art wearable devices and optoelectronic devices. However, most of the patterning methods using silver nanowires (AgNWs), which is one of the outstanding candidate materials for the transparent electrode, wasted a large amount of unused AgNWs during the patterning process. Here, we report a highly efficient patterning of AgNWs using electrospray deposition with grounded electrolyte solution (EDGE). During electrospray deposition, a patterned electrolyte solution collector attracted AgNWs by strong electrostatic attraction and selectively deposited them only on the patterned collector, minimizing AgNW deposited elsewhere. The enhanced patterning efficiency was verified through a comparison between the EDGE and conventional process by numerical simulation and experimental validation. As a result, despite the same electrospray deposition conditions for both cases except for the existence of the electrolyte solution collector, the coverage ratio of AgNWs fabricated by the EDGE process was at least six times higher than that of AgNWs produced by the conventional process. Furthermore, the EDGE process provided high design flexibility in terms of not only the material of the substrate, including a polymer and a ceramic but also the shape of the substrate, including a 2D flat and 3D curved surface. As an application of the EDGE process, a self-powered touch sensor exploiting the triboelectric effect was demonstrated. Thus, the EDGE process would be utilized in further application in wearable or implantable devices in the field of biomedicine, intelligent robots, and human–machine interface.
Multiple screw fixation versus cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty for femur neck fracture using a nationwide hip fracture registry
Authors: Kim Jin-Woo , Park Kyung-Soon , Lee Young-Kyun , Kim Ji Wan , Ha Yong-Chan , Baek Seung-Hoon
Published: November 2021

Cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty (BHA) recently gained popularity as a treatment for femur neck fracture (FNF), but there have been few studies comparing this with multiple screw fixation (MSF) in the elderly population. The purpose of this study is to compare (1) surgery-related parameters, (2) reoperation rate as a local complication, (3) in-hospital systemic complication rate, and (4) mortality rate at 1 year after MSF and cementless BHA in patients with FNF using nationwide data. Six-hundred sixty-six hips (aged ≥ 50 years) extracted from nationwide Hip Fracture Registry were included in this study (133 MSF and 533 cementless BHA). One hundred fifty-six hips were divided into nondisplaced FNF (Group A) and 510 into displaced FNF (Group B). We evaluated (1) surgery-related parameters (anesthesia type, time to surgery, operation time, estimated blood loss and volume of postoperative transfusion), (2) the rate of and reasons for reoperation, (3) the rate and type of in-hospital systemic complications and (4) one-year mortality rate after surgery. In Group A, MSF showed shorter operation time (p = 0.004) and lower incidence of in-hospital systemic complications (p = 0.003). In Group B, cementless BHA demonstrated lower reoperation rate than MSF (p < 0.001). In both Group A and B, cementless BHA was associated with higher estimated blood loss than MSF (p < 0.001). Based on findings in our study, MSF might be a more favorable option for nondisplaced FNF, whereas cementless BHA might be a better one for displaced FNF in patients older than fifty. Nevertheless, our nationwide study also showed that numbers of cementless BHAs were being performed for nondisplaced FNF even in teaching hospitals.
Pupil dynamics after in-the-bag versus anterior and retropupillary iris-fixated intraocular lens implantation
Authors: Sun Yanxiu , Hammer Maximilian , Yildirim Timur M. , Khoramnia Ramin , Auffarth Gerd U.
Published: November 2021

An Intraocular Lens (IOL) fixated on the iris either anteriorly, as a phakic IOL, or posteriorly, as an aphakic IOL, can influence pupil motility. In this interventional case series study, we evaluated pupil size under different levels of illumination (scotopic = 0.04 lx, low-mesopic = 0.4 lx and high-mesopic = 4 lx) for anterior iris-claw IOL fixation for correcting myopia or hyperopia (IFPH), retropupillary iris-claw IOL fixation to correct aphakia or as treatment for late in-the-bag IOL dislocation/subluxation (IFRP), and capsular-fixation IOL in-the-bag implantation (IB). Pupil size was measured preoperatively for the IFPH- and IB-group as well as 6 months after surgery for all groups. We analyzed a total of 70 eyes: 22 eyes of 11 patients with phakic IOLs, 22 eyes of 20 patients in the IFRP group and 26 eyes of 13 patients in the IB group. Both IFPH and IB showed a smaller postoperative scotopic pupil size, compared with the preoperative values. When compared to postoperative values of IB and IFPH, IFRP showed a significantly smaller postoperative scotopic pupil size (IFPH: 5.89 ± 0.83 mm, IFRP: 4.37 ± 0.83 mm, IB: 5.34 ± 0.98 mm, p < 0.001) while no differences were seen at high-mesopic lighting. Neither of the surgical techniques seems to impair the constriction of the pupil.
Evidencing the presence of merkel cell polyomavirus in papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Ghanghareh Monir , Mosayebi Amroabadi Jalal , Tavangar Seyed Mohammad , Irani Shiva , Sakhaee Fatemeh , Ghazanfari Jajin Morteza , Vaziri Farzam , Siadat Seyed Davar , Fateh Abolfazl
Published: November 2021

Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) infects most people asymptomatically, but recent reports indicate that the virus may be related to carcinogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of MCPyV on the development of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Totally, 1057 samples, including 412 fresh biopsy samples (FBS) and 645 paraffin-embedded PTC biopsy samples (PEBS), and 1057 adjacent non-cancerous samples were assessed for the presence of MCPyV DNA and RNA. MCPyV DNA was positive in 215 (20.3%) of samples, including 126 (30.6%) in FBS and 89 (13.8%) in PEBS. In MCPyV-positive samples, the mean MCPyV copy number was higher in the patients with FBS (2.3 × 10–1 ± 0.5 × 10–1 copies/cell) compared to PEBS (0.7 × 10–4 ± 0.1 × 10–4 copies/cell) and adjacent non-PTC normal samples (0.3 × 10–5 ± 0.02 × 10–5 copies/cell), indicating a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). The LT-Ag RNA expression was higher in FBS compared to PEBS, while VP1 gene transcript was not detected in any samples. Although our findings showed the presence of MCPyV in a subset of PTC Iranian patients, further research is required to confirm these findings.
Association of changes in lipid levels with changes in vitamin D levels in a real-world setting
Authors: Li Yonghong , Tong Carmen H. , Rowland Charles M. , Radcliff Jeff , Bare Lance A. , McPhaul Michael J. , Devlin James J.
Published: November 2021

In clinical trials, vitamin D supplementation has been reported to reduce serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) but not high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). In this cohort study we evaluated the association between changes in vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) and changes in lipid levels in a real-world setting. Changes in lipid levels over a 1-year period were evaluated among individuals whose vitamin D levels increased (group 1) or decreased (group 2) by ≥ 10 ng/mL in year 2018 versus 2017 (cohort 1; n = 5580), in 2019 versus 2018 (cohort 2, n = 6057), or in 2020 versus 2019 (cohort 3, n = 7249). In each cohort, levels of TC, LDL-C, and TG decreased in group 1 and increased in group 2. Between-group differences in average changes in the 3 cohorts ranged from 10.71 to 12.02 mg/dL for TC, from 7.42 to 8.95 mg/dL for LDL-C, and from 21.59 to 28.09 mg/dL for TG. These differences were significant after adjusting for age, sex, race, education, body mass index, blood pressure, smoking status, geographical location, and baseline levels of vitamin D and lipids (P < 0.001). Changes in vitamin D levels were not significantly associated with changes in HDL-C levels.
The complex build algorithm to set up starting structures of lanthanoid complexes with stereochemical control for molecular modeling
Authors: Munguba Gabriel H. L. , Urquiza-Carvalho Gabriel A. , Silva Frederico T. , Simas Alfredo M.
Published: November 2021

When handling metallic centers of higher coordination numbers, one is commonly deluded with the presumption that any assembled metal complex geometry (including a crystallographic one) is good enough as a starting structure for computational chemistry calculations; all oblivious to the fact that such a structure is nothing short of just one out of several, sometimes dozens, or even thousands of other stereoisomers. Moreover, coordination chirality, so frequently present in complexes of higher coordination numbers, is another often overlooked property, rarely recognized as such. The Complex Build algorithm advanced in this article has been designed with the purpose of generating starting structures for molecular modeling calculations with full stereochemical control, including stereoisomer complete identification and coordination chirality recognition. Besides being in the chosen correct stereochemistry, the ligands are positioned by the Complex Build algorithm in a very unobstructed and unclogged manner, so that their degrees of freedom do not hinder or even choke one another, something that would otherwise tend to lead to negative force constants after further geometry optimizations by more advanced computational model chemistries. The Complex Build algorithm has been conceived for any metallic center, but at present is targeting primarily lanthanoids whose coordination numbers range mostly from 5 to 12 and often lead to a combinatorial explosion of stereoisomers.
CD36 maintains the gastric mucosa and associates with gastric disease
Authors: Jacome-Sosa Miriam , Miao Zhi-Feng , Peche Vivek S. , Morris Edward F. , Narendran Ramkumar , Pietka Kathryn M. , Samovski Dmitri , Lo Hei-Yong G. , Pietka Terri , Varro Andrea , Love-Gregory Latisha , Goldenring James R. , Kuda Ondrej , Gamazon Eric R. , Mills Jason C. , Abumrad Nada A.
Published: November 2021

The gastric epithelium is often exposed to injurious elements and failure of appropriate healing predisposes to ulcers, hemorrhage, and ultimately cancer. We examined the gastric function of CD36, a protein linked to disease and homeostasis. We used the tamoxifen model of gastric injury in mice null for Cd36 (Cd36−/−), with Cd36 deletion in parietal cells (PC-Cd36−/−) or in endothelial cells (EC-Cd36−/−). CD36 expresses on corpus ECs, on PC basolateral membranes, and in gastrin and ghrelin cells. Stomachs of Cd36−/− mice have altered gland organization and secretion, more fibronectin, and inflammation. Tissue respiration and mitochondrial efficiency are reduced. Phospholipids increased and triglycerides decreased. Mucosal repair after injury is impaired in Cd36−/− and EC-Cd36−/−, not in PC-Cd36−/− mice, and is due to defect of progenitor differentiation to PCs, not of progenitor proliferation or mature PC dysfunction. Relevance to humans is explored in the Vanderbilt BioVu using PrediXcan that links genetically-determined gene expression to clinical phenotypes, which associates low CD36 mRNA with gastritis, gastric ulcer, and gastro-intestinal hemorrhage. A CD36 variant predicted to disrupt an enhancer site associates (p < 10−17) to death from gastro-intestinal hemorrhage in the UK Biobank. The findings support role of CD36 in gastric tissue repair, and its deletion associated with chronic diseases that can predispose to malignancy.
Charged domain boundaries stabilized by translational symmetry breaking in the hybrid improper ferroelectric Ca3–xSrxTi2O7
Authors: Nakajima Hiroshi , Kurushima Kosuke , Mine Shinya , Tsukasaki Hirofumi , Matsuoka Masaya , Gao Bin , Cheong Sang-Wook , Mori Shigeo
Published: November 2021

Charged domain walls and boundaries in ferroelectric materials display distinct phenomena, such as an increased conductivity due to the accumulation of bound charges. Here, we report the electron microscopy observations of atomic-scale arrangements at charged domain boundaries in the hybrid improper ferroelectric Ca2.46Sr0.54Ti2O7. Like in the prototype improper ferroelectric YMnO3, we find that charged domain boundaries in Ca2.46Sr0.54Ti2O7 correspond to out-of-phase boundaries, which separate adjacent domains with a fractional translational shift of the unit cell. In addition, our results show that strontium ions are located at charged domain boundaries. The out-of-phase boundary structure may decrease the polarization charge at the boundary because of the ferrielectric nature of Ca2.46Sr0.54Ti2O7, thereby promoting the stabilization of the charged state. By combining atomic-resolution imaging and density-functional theory calculations, this study proposes an unexplored stabilization mechanism of charged domain boundaries and structural defects accompanying out-of-phase translational shifts.
Projected increases in western US forest fire despite growing fuel constraints
Authors: Abatzoglou John T. , Battisti David S. , Williams A. Park , Hansen Winslow D. , Harvey Brian J. , Kolden Crystal A.
Published: November 2021

Escalating burned area in western US forests punctuated by the 2020 fire season has heightened the need to explore near-term macroscale forest-fire area trajectories. As fires remove fuels for subsequent fires, feedbacks may impose constraints on the otherwise climate-driven trend of increasing forest-fire area. Here, we test how fire-fuel feedbacks moderate near-term (2021–2050) climate-driven increases in forest-fire area across the western US. Assuming constant fuels, climate–fire models project a doubling of  forest-fire area compared to 1991–2020. Fire-fuel feedbacks only modestly attenuate the projected increase in forest-fire area. Even models with strong feedbacks project increasing interannual variability in forest-fire area and more than a two-fold increase in the likelihood of years exceeding the 2020 fire season. Fuel limitations from fire-fuel feedbacks are unlikely to strongly constrain the profound climate-driven broad-scale increases in forest-fire area by the mid-21st century, highlighting the need for proactive adaptation to increased western US forest-fire impacts.
Silver chalcogenide nanoparticles: a review of their biomedical applications
Authors: Nieves Lenitza M. , Mossburg Katherine , Hsu Jessica C. , Maidment Andrew D. A. , Cormode David P.
Published: November 2021

Silver chalcogenide (Ag2X, where X = S, Se, or Te) nanoparticles have been extensively investigated for their applications in electronics but have only recently been explored for biomedical applications.
A study of negative-thermal-quenching (Ba/Ca)AlSi5O2N7:Eu2+ phosphors
Authors: Ma Hongping , Tao Shixu , Hua Youjie , Zheng Jun , Lou Luyi , Ping Yiheng , Qiao Peng
Published: November 2021

An excellent color conversion material for high quality white LED with properties of negetive thermal quenching.
Novel narrow-band blue light-emitting phosphor of Eu2+-activated silicate used for WLEDs
Authors: Deng Aixia , Tian Xinyu , Zhou Xufeng , Ding Jianyan , Geng Wanying , Wu Quansheng
Published: November 2021

A novel narrow-band blue light emission has been realized in Eu2+-activated Rb2HfSi3O9.
Enhancing the stability of CsPbX3 (X = Br, I) through combination with Y-zeolites for WLED application
Authors: Huang Dayu , Liu Yue , Ouyang Qiuyun , Lian Hongzhou , Lin Jun
Published: November 2021

Highly stable CsPbX3@zeolite composites are synthesized in situ by ion exchange with non-polar organic trigger.
Grapevine stilbenoids as natural food preservatives: calorimetric and spectroscopic insights into the interaction with model cell membranes
Authors: Saitta Francesca , Mazzini Stefania , Mattio Luce , Signorelli Marco , Dallavalle Sabrina , Pinto Andrea , Fessas Dimitrios
Published: November 2021

Stilbenoids interact with the hydrophobic core of cell membranes with a destabilizing action that depends on their geometry and substitution pattern. However, adequate hydrophilicity is needed to drive successful insertion within the membrane.
Pectin–zein based stigmasterol nanodispersions ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice
Authors: Feng Simin , Sui Minghui , Wang Dan , Ritzoulis Christos , Farag Mohamed A. , Shao Ping
Published: November 2021

Compared with ZNs, ZPNs have a more significant therapeutic effect on mouse colitis, which can effectively down-regulate inflammatory factors and improve the physiological status of inflammatory sites.
Nonvolatile metabolite alterations during Zijuan black tea processing affect the protective potential on HOECs exposed to nicotine
Authors: Wang Yuefei , Chen Lin , Lai Wanyi , Zhao Yueling , Xu Ping
Published: November 2021

TF-3′-G, TF-3-G, phenylalanine, and kaempferol-3-coumaroylglucoside, formed during black tea processing, were closely associated with the alleviation of Zijuan black tea for nicotine-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in human oral epithelial cells.
Sandwiched CoFe2O4/SrFe11.5Al0.5O19/CoFe2O4 nanoparticles with exchange-coupling effect
Authors: Gorbachev Evgeny A. , Trusov Lev A. , Kovalenko Anton D. , Morozov Anatoly V. , Kazin Pavel E.
Published: November 2021

A novel approach to obtain exchange-coupled sandwiched nanoparticles in which cobalt ferrite outer layers are epitaxially grown on single crystalline hard magnetic strontium hexaferrite seeds.
Enhancing the performance of n-i-p perovskite solar cells by introducing hydroxyethylpiperazine ethane sulfonic acid for interfacial adjustment
Authors: Zhang Putao , Chen Yiming , Wu Shenghan , Li Xiaohui , Liu Meiyue , Li Shengjun
Published: November 2021

HEPES was anchored on the SnO2 surface to form a bridge between perovskite and an electron transport layer to realize effective charge transfer.
Nodal-loop half metallicity in a two-dimensional Fe4N2 pentagon crystal with room-temperature ferromagnetism
Authors: Zhang Kai , Chen Minglong , Wang Dayong , Lv Haifeng , Wu Xiaojun , Yang Jinlong
Published: November 2021

The nodal-loop half-metallicity with room-temperature ferromagnetism is firstly realized in a two-dimensional crystal featuring planar pentagon topology based on first-principles calculations.
Cu3P@CoO core–shell heterostructure with synergistic effect for highly efficient hydrogen evolution
Authors: Gang Chuan , Chen Jiayi , Li Xu , Ma Bo , Zhao Xudong , Chen Yantao
Published: November 2021

The synergistic effect of a Cu3P@CoO core–shell heterostructure on charge transfer and intrinsic activity could be utilized for highly efficient electrocatalysts towards hydrogen evolution.
Nanotechnology-based strategies for gastric cancer imaging and treatment
Authors: Li Xianghui , Ai Shichao , Lu Xiaofeng , Liu Song , Guan Wenxian
Published: November 2021

Nanoparticles designed for gastric cancer theronostics.
Combination of pose and rank consensus in docking-based virtual screening: the best of both worlds
Authors: Scardino Valeria , Bollini Mariela , Cavasotto Claudio N.
Published: November 2021

The new methodology named Pose/Ranking Consensus (PRC) combines both pose and ranking consensus strategies. It displays an enhanced performance in terms of enrichment factor and hit rate, ensuring the recovery of a suitable number of ligands.
Photocatalytic cascade reactions and dye degradation over CdS–metal–organic framework hybrids
Authors: Li Shu-Rong , Ren Feng-Di , Wang Lin , Chen Yu-Zhen
Published: November 2021

Two bifunctional CdS–MOF composites have been successfully fabricated and exhibited synergistic photocatalytic performance toward two-step cascade reactions and dye photodegradation.
Microflowers formed by complexation-driven self-assembly between palladium(ii) and bis-theophyllines: immortal catalyst for C–C cross-coupling reactions
Authors: Kaikake Katsuya , Jou Naoki , Shitara Go , Jin Ren-Hua
Published: November 2021

Bis-theophylline-palladium complex exhibit high catalytic activity in the C–C coupling reaction with excellent recyclability in the presence of NaCl.
Chemo- and regioselective cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction of 3-hydroxycarbazoles with arenols catalyzed by a mesoporous silica-supported oxovanadium
Authors: Kasama Kengo , Kanomata Kyohei , Hinami Yuya , Mizuno Karin , Uetake Yuta , Amaya Toru , Sako Makoto , Takizawa Shinobu , Sasai Hiroaki , Akai Shuji
Published: November 2021

Cross-dehydrogenative coupling between 3-hydroxycarbazoles and 2-naphthols has been achieved by using a mesoporous silica-supported oxovanadium catalyst.
A single-atom Cu–N2catalyst eliminates oxygen interference for electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide in a living animal brain
Authors: Gao Xiaolong , Ma Wenjie , Mao Junjie , He Chun-Ting , Ji Wenliang , Chen Zheng , Chen Wenxing , Wu Wenjie , Yu Ping , Mao Lanqun
Published: November 2021

We have achieved the selective monitoring of H2O2fluctuationin vivofree from O2interference by a single-atom Cu–N2electrocatalyst.
Modelling and analysis of cutting forces while micro end milling of Ti-alloy using finite element method
Authors: Bhople Narendra , Mastud Sachin , Satpal Satish
Published: November 2021

Micromilling is one of the preferable micro-manufacturing process, as it exhibits the flexibility to produce complex 3D micro-parts. The cutting forces generated in micro end milling can be attributed for tool vibration and process instability. If cutting forces are not controlled below critical limits, it may lead to catastrophic failure of tool. Cutting force has a significant role to decide the surface roughness. Therefore accurate prediction of cutting forces and selection of suitable cutting parameters mainly feed, is important while micro end milling. In present study, finite element method (FEM) based model has been developed by using ABAQUAS/Explicit 6.12 software. Von-Misses stresses and cutting forces are predicted while micro end milling of Ti-6Al-4V. Further, cutting forces were measured during experimentation using dynamometer mounted on micro-milling test bed. Cutting forces predicted by FEM model are in good agreement with the experimental force values. Obtained FEM results have been used to study the size effect in micro end milling process. Moreover, the effect of uncut chip thickness to cutting edge radius ratio (h/rc) on surface roughness (Ra) has been studied. It is found the feed 2.5 µm/tooth is suitable value to produce optimum surface roughness and cutting forces.
Vom Ruf in den Wald
Authors: Börner Doris , Zohmann Andreas
Published: November 2021

Liebe Leserin, lieber Leser,

der Volksmund beschreibt es so schön: „Wie man in den Wald hineinruft, so schallt es heraus“. Dieses kommt nicht nur in Handlungen, sondern auch im Rahmen der Wahrnehmung unserer Umwelt zum Tragen und hat rückwirkend auch auf unsere eigene Lebensqualität großen Einfluss.
Transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation und Sertralin zur Behandlung der Zwangsstörung
Authors: Ann-Katrin Tesar , Harlander Veronica , Rötzer Max , Vilotic Dragoljub , Padberg Frank , Menke Andreas , Palm Ulrich
Published: November 2021

Zwangsgedanken und -handlungen sind für Betroffene meist quälend und können mit einer hohen Beeinträchtigung des sozialen und beruflichen Funktionsniveaus verbunden sein. Wir berichten von einer 30-jährigen Patientin mit bislang therapieresistenter Zwangsstörung, die mit transkranieller Gleichstromstimulation als Zusatzverfahren zur Medikation und Psychotherapie behandelt wurde. Zum Einsatz kam dabei eine für die Depressionsbehandlung typische Elektrodenplatzierung über beiden dorsolateralen präfrontalen Kortizes. Nach einer 3-wöchigen Behandlung mit 15 Stimulationen wurde eine deutliche Reduktion der Zwangssymptomatik erreicht, die auch 3 Wochen nach der Behandlung noch anhielt. Neue Therapieverfahren aus dem Bereich der nicht invasiven Hirnstimulation, wie die transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation, könnten bei therapieresistenter Zwangserkrankung einen potenziellen Behandlungsansatz darstellen.
Symbrachydactyly
Authors: Balakrishnan Govindasamy , Vijayaragavan S. , Somesh Balakrishnan
Published: November 2021

Symbrachydactyly is a rare congenital hand malformation in which a child is born with abnormally short digits that may be webbed, misshaped, or missing, and it is usually a unilateral condition. There is no standardized treatment algorithm for the management of symbrachydactyly. The function of the hand is often not adequate and requires early surgical intervention to restore useful prehension and appearance. This CME article presents a brief review of the embryology, history, classification and clinical presentation, and author's experience of treating 19 children with symbrachydactyly over 10 years. Creation of thumb web, lengthening of thumb, and creating an opposition post results in prehension of hand with an improved quality of life.
Variação da altura patelar nas artroplastias totais do joelho e sua relação com a substituição ou não da patela
Authors: Cenni Marcos Henrique Frauendorf , Pinheiro Junior Lúcio Flávio Biondi , Oliveira Mateus Aguilar de , Lago Augusto Groberio , Rodrigues Raphael Cardoso
Published: November 2021

Objetivo Comparar a medida da altura patelar no pré- e pós-operatório das artroplastias totais do joelho (ATJs) e sua variação nos pacientes com e sem substituição patelar.

Métodos Avaliação retrospectiva de radiografias de pacientes submetidos a ATJ entre 2014 e 2020. Foi feita a avaliação de radiografias em perfil, usando o índice de altura patelar de Caton-Deschamps modificado, comparando as medidas do pré- e pós-operatório de 90 pacientes, totalizando 100 joelhos. A seguir, foi feita a comparação de dois grupos, com técnica cirúrgica distinta, considerando a substituição ou não da patela. Todos os pacientes que tiveram radiografias avaliadas tiveram indicação de ATJ por osteoartrose sem procedimentos prévios que pudessem interferir na altura patelar.

Resultados A análise estatística demonstrou uma diferença estatisticamente significativa, sendo o índice pré-operatório superior ao pós-operatório; evidenciando um abaixamento global da altura patelar. O índice Caton-Deschamps modificado para ATJ pré-operatório médio foi de 1,41 (±0,25), e o pós foi de 1,31 (±0,25), p < 0,001.

Não foi encontrada diferença significativa na variação deste índice quando comparados os grupos com e sem substituição patelar. A diferença média do índice no grupo sem patela foi de 0,11 e no grupo com patela foi de 0,08, sendo esta diferença considerada não significativa, p = 0,510.

Conclusão Podemos concluir que a altura patelar teve variação significativa no grupo total, com redução da altura patelar no pós-operatório. Entretanto, a altura não variou de forma significativa entre os grupos pós-operatórios com e sem substituição patelar, independentemente da opção do cirurgião.
The proper orthogonal decomposition: A powerful tool for studying drop oscillations
Authors: Giorgi M.-L. , Duval H. , Balabane M.
Published: November 2021

Liquid metal drops are released onto different wettable solid substrates. Their post-impact oscillations are recorded at 1000 images/s as soon as the triple line is at rest. The proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is used to get and identify the frequencies involved. The POD is a technique widely used in the fluid dynamics community to study turbulent flows, but it is not used to determine droplet-free oscillation frequencies. The vertical and horizontal vibration frequencies of the sessile drop center of mass are successfully extracted from the images by POD. The first POD mode captures the vertical displacement frequency, and the second or third POD mode captures the horizontal displacement frequency of the drop center of mass. The spatial structure of the modes is the characteristic of the vertical and horizontal movement. Therefore, the POD can be used instead of the interface displacement tracking to determine the free oscillation frequencies of liquid metal drops and, more generally, of any vibrating sessile drops. As it is a standardized method, it can be used with confidence for routine measurements, especially for sensors.
Design and implementation of a microfluidic device capable of temporal growth factor delivery reveal filtering capabilities of the EGFR/ERK pathway
Authors: Krause Harris B. , Bondarowicz Hanna , Karls Alexis L. , McClean Megan N. , Kreeger Pamela K.
Published: November 2021

Utilizing microfluidics to mimic the dynamic temporal changes of growth factor and cytokine concentrations in vivo has greatly increased our understanding of how signal transduction pathways are structured to encode extracellular stimuli. To date, these devices have focused on delivering pulses of varying frequency, and there are limited cell culture models for delivering slowly increasing concentrations of stimuli that cells may experience in vivo. To examine this setting, we developed and validated a microfluidic device that can deliver increasing concentrations of growth factor over periods ranging from 6 to 24 h. Using this device and a fluorescent biosensor of extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) activity, we delivered a slowly increasing concentration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to human mammary epithelial cells and surprisingly observed minimal ERK activation, even at concentrations that stimulate robust activity in bolus delivery. The cells remained unresponsive to subsequent challenges with EGF, and immunocytochemistry suggested that the loss of an epidermal growth factor receptor was responsible. Cells were then challenged with faster rates of change of EGF, revealing an increased ERK activity as a function of rate of change. Specifically, both the fraction of cells that responded and the length of ERK activation time increased with the rate of change. This microfluidic device fills a gap in the current repertoire of in vitro microfluidic devices and demonstrates that slower, more physiological changes in growth factor presentation can reveal new regulatory mechanisms for how signal transduction pathways encode changes in the extracellular growth factor milieu.
Localizing a target inside an enclosed cylinder with a single chaotic cavity transducer augmented with supervised machine learning
Authors: Sillanpää Tom , Longi Krista , Mäkinen Joni , Rauhala Timo , Klami Arto , Salmi Ari , Hæggström Edward
Published: November 2021

Ultrasound is employed in, e.g., non-destructive testing and environmental sensing. Unfortunately, conventional single-element ultrasound probes have a limited acoustic aperture. To overcome this limitation, we employ a modern method to increase the field-of-view of a commercial transducer and to test the approach by localizing a target. In practice, we merge the transducer with a chaotic cavity to increase the effective aperture of the transducer. In conventional pulse-echo ultrasound signal analysis, location estimation is based on determining the time-of-flight with known propagation speed in the medium. In the present case, the dispersing field induces complexity to this inverse problem, also in 2D. To tackle this issue, we use a convolutional neural network-based machine learning approach to study the feasibility of employing one single chaotic cavity transducer to localize an object in 2D. We show that we indeed can localize an inclusion inside a water-filled cylinder. The localization accuracy is one diameter of the inclusion. The area that we can infer increases by 49% in comparison to using the same transducer without applying the proposed chaotic cavity method.
Qualitative and quantitative approach to particle disorder
Authors: Jung Jong Sun , Jin Changhyun
Published: November 2021

Despite the lack of causal consequences, the fact that the concept of disorder as diffusion exists in the realm of science today is evidence that it already contains non-scientific elements. In other words, there is a valid reason for the direction in which an object moves and the magnitude of this movement. For this reason, the phenomena defined as the present disorder are introduced into the concept of the space-based field, whereby all the properties of the field in each unit space are different, unlike the previous approach of mass-basis. Furthermore, the masses in these different fields can move in order, with the direction and magnitude predicted by neighboring fields, as if the masses were sucked into the gravitational field. Through this, the importance of the perspective that enables one to see the same result differently is proved.
Effects of multi-layer Ti/Al electrode and ohmic groove etching on ohmic characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices
Authors: Zhu Yanxu , Li Jianwei , Li Qixuan , Song Xiaomeng , Tan Zhangyang , Li Jinheng
Published: November 2021

This experiment studied the effects of multi-layer Ti/Al electrodes, ohmic groove etching, and annealing temperature on the ohmic characteristics, output characteristics, and surface topography of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) devices. In the experiment, we prepared the device structure through the linear transmission model. We then used an atomic force microscope, B1500A, and other instruments to test the output characteristic curve and surface roughness of the device under each temperature and structure. After analysis and calculation, it is found that the device with an etched depth of 10 nm in the ohmic groove of the multi-layer Ti/Al electrode obtains the best characteristics when fast annealed at 850 °C for 30 s. The contact resistance value of the improved device is only 54.3% of that of the traditional structure, and the specific contact resistivity is reduced by 71.8% compared with that of the traditional structure. The surface morphology of the improved device is also smoother, and the surface roughness rms value is only 40.5% of that of the traditional structure. When it is applied to the HEMT device, the output current is increased by 40.7% compared with the traditional structure.
Experimentally investigating the performance degradations of the CMOS PA at different temperatures
Authors: He Zhao , Zhou Shaohua , Nie Meining
Published: November 2021

To investigate the temperature dependency of the specifications for Power Amplifiers (PAs), the performance degradations of an IC PA under different temperature conditions are investigated experimentally. The experimental results show that the performance degradations of the PA are sensitive to temperature changes. The main reasons for these degradations are discussed and analyzed in this paper. The research performed in the study provides another angle to handle the practical working environments rather than the extreme cases as the reliability study.
Enhanced microscopic dynamics in mucus gels under a mechanical load in the linear viscoelastic regime
Authors: Larobina Domenico , Pommella Angelo , Philippe Adrian-Marie , Nagazi Med Yassine , Cipelletti Luca
Published: November 2021

Significance

Mucus is a biological gel protecting several tissues. Its key properties result from a crucial balance between solid-like and fluid-like behavior, ensured by the nonpermanent nature of the bonds between its macromolecular constituents. Our understanding of the micrometer-scale response of mucus to an applied stress is still rudimentary, although in living organisms, stresses acting on mucus are ubiquitous, from bacterial penetration to coughing and peristalsis. We show that under a modest applied stress, in the mechanical linear regime, the microscopic dynamics of pig gastric mucus transiently accelerate by up to 2 orders of magnitude. A simple model rationalizes this previously unrecognized fluidization mechanism stemming from elastic recoil following bond breaking and generalizes our findings to networks with reversible bonds.
How explicit instruction improves phonological awareness and perception of L2 sound contrasts in younger and older
adults
Authors: Felker Emily , Janse Esther , Ernestus Mirjam , Broersma Mirjam
Published: November 2021

Despite the importance of conscious awareness in second language acquisition theories, little is known about how
L2 speech perception can be improved by explicit phonetic instruction. This study examined the relationship between phonological
awareness and perception in Dutch younger and older adult L2 listeners, focusing on English contrasts of two types: a familiar
contrast in an unfamiliar position (word-final /t/-/d/) and an unfamiliar contrast (/æ/-/ε/). Awareness was assessed with a task
in which written minimal pairs and homophone pairs had to be judged as sounding the same or different. Perception was assessed
with a two-alternative forced-choice identification task with auditorily presented words from minimal pairs. We investigated
whether listeners’ awareness and perception improved after a video-based explicit instruction that oriented their attention to one
of these contrasts, and we tested whether including information about the phonetic cue of vowel duration increased learning.
Awareness and perception of each contrast were shown to be moderately correlated at the study’s outset. Furthermore, awareness and
perception for each contrast generally improved more after the instruction drawing attention to that contrast. However, the
effectiveness of explicit phonetic instruction varied depending on the combination of the contrast, cue information, and listener
age group.
The adsorption, kinetics, and interaction mechanisms of various types of estrogen on electrospun polymeric nanofiber membranes
Authors: Yasir Muhammad , Šopík Tomáš , Lovecká Lenka , Kimmer Dušan , Sedlařík Vladimír
Published: November 2021

This study focuses on the adsorption kinetics of four highly potent sex hormones (estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), and estriol (E3)), present in water reservoirs, which are considered a major cause of fish feminization, low sperm count in males, breast and ovarian cancer in females induced by hormonal imbalance. Herein, electrospun polymeric nanostructures were produced from cellulose acetate, polyamide, polyethersulfone, polyurethanes (918 and elastollan), and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) to simultaneously adsorbing these estrogenic hormones in a single step process and to compare their performance. These nanofibers possessed an average fiber diameter in the range 174–330 nm and their specific surface area ranged between 10.2 and 20.9 m2 g−1. The adsorption–desorption process was investigated in four cycles to determine the effective reusability of the adsorption systems. A one-step high-performance liquid chromatography technique was developed to detect and quantify concurrently each hormone present in the solution. Experimental data were obtained to determine the adsorption kinetics by applying pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models. Findings showed that E1, E2 and EE2 best fitted pseudo-second-order kinetics, while E3 followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. It was found that polyurethane Elastollan nanofibers had maximum adsorption capacities of 0.801, 0.590, 0.736 and 0.382 mg g−1 for E1, E2, EE2 and E3, respectively. In addition, the results revealed that polyurethane Elastollan nanofibers had the highest percentage efficiency of estrogens removal at ∼58.9% due to its strong hydrogen bonding with estrogenic hormones, while the least removal efficiency for PAN at ∼35.1%. Consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles demonstrated that polyurethane maintained the best efficiency, even after being repeatedly used four times compared to the other polymers. Overall, the findings indicate that all the studied nanostructures have the potential to be effective adsorbents for concurrently eradicating such estrogens from the environment.
Average number is an insufficient metric for interferometry
Authors: Branford Dominic , Rubio Jesús
Published: November 2021

We argue that analysing schemes for metrology solely in terms of the average particle number can obscure the number of particles effectively used in informative events. For a number of states we demonstrate that, in both frequentist and Bayesian frameworks, the average number of a state can essentially be decoupled from the aspects of the total number distribution associated with any metrological advantage.
Plasma-wall interaction studies in W7-X: main results from the recent divertor operations
Authors: Dhard C P , Brezinsek S , Mayer M , Naujoks D , Masuzaki S , Zhao D , Yi R , Oelmann J , Schmid K , Romazanov J , Pardanaud C , Kandler M , Kharwandikar A K , Schlisio G , Volzke O , Grote H , Gao Y , Rudischhauser L , Goriaev A , Wauters T , Kirschner A , Sereda S , Wang E , Rasinski M , Dittmar T , Motojima G , Hwangbo D , Kajita S , Balden M , Burwitz V V , Neu R , Linsmeier Ch , W7-X Team the
Published: November 2021

Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) is an optimized stellarator with a 3-dimensional five-fold modular geometry. The plasma-wall-interaction (PWI) investigations in the complex 3D geometry of W7-X were carried out byin situspectroscopic observations, exhaust gas analysis and post-mortem measurements on a large number of plasma-facing components extracted after campaigns. The investigations showed that the divertor strike line areas on the divertor targets appeared to be the major source of carbon impurities. After multistep erosion and deposition events, carbon was found to be deposited largely at the first wall components, with thick deposits of >1μm on some baffle tiles, moderate deposits on toroidal closure tiles and thin deposits at the heat shield tiles and the outer wall panels. Some amount of the eroded carbon was pumped out via the vacuum pumps as volatile hydrocarbons and carbon oxides (CO, CO2) formed due to the chemical processes. Boron was introduced by three boronizations and one boron powder injection experiment. Thin boron-dominated layers were found on the inner heat shield and the outer wall panels, some boron was also found at the test divertor unit and in redeposited layers together with carbon. Local erosion/deposition and global migration processes were studied using field-line transport simulations, analytical estimations, 3D-WallDYN and ERO2.0 modeling in standard magnetic field configuration.
The gateware calibration unit for the KM3NeT telescope
Authors: Calvo D. , Real R. , Amaro A. , van Beveren V. , Chiarusi T. , Mastroianni S. , Musico P. , Pellegini G. , Jansweijer P. , Colonges S. , Bozza C. , Nicolau C. , Díaz A. , Ilioni A. , Le Breton R. , Champion C. , Keller P. , Boutonnet C.
Published: November 2021

The KM3NeT collaboration is currently deploying the first detection units of a neutrino observatory in the Mediterranean Sea, which, once completed, will be equipped with thousands of so-called digital optical modules. In addition to the detection units KM3NeT has designed an independent calibration unit, housing a set of calibration instruments, including e.g. an acoustic beacon and a laser beacon. The calibration unit and the embedded software developed to operate it are presented here.
Beam-induced electron multipacting with mode resonance in a vacuum chamber
Authors: Cha H.J. , Saez de Jauregui D. , Grau A. , Müller A.-S.
Published: November 2021

Some vacuum chambers in particle accelerators perform a waveguide- or resonator-like behavior due to their unique geometries. Electron multipacting caused by such a structural property might be able to overwhelm the classical beam-induced multipacting. This article shows that the wakefields of particle beams could stimulate the resonant modes of a vacuum chamber with a near-rectangular waveguide shape and accordingly induce much stronger electron avalanche in the chamber. Especially, it has been believed that the multipacting is responsible for pressure rise in a vacuum chamber, where energetic secondary electrons with growing numbers collide with gas particles at the chamber wall. Based on numerical simulations, the electron multipacting mechanism with the mode resonance is proposed, which can explain the significant pressure variation measured in our cryogenic vacuum chamber.
Micro-climate to macro-risk: mapping fine scale differences in mosquito-borne disease risk using remote sensing
Authors: Boser Anna , Sousa Daniel , Larsen Ashley , MacDonald Andrew
Published: November 2021

Mosquito-borne diseases (MBD) threaten over 80% of the world’s population, and are increasing in intensity and shifting in geographical range with land use and climate change. Mitigation hinges on understanding disease-specific risk profiles, but current risk maps are severely limited in spatial resolution. One important determinant of MBD risk is temperature, and though the relationships between temperature and risk have been extensively studied, maps are often created using sparse data that fail to capture microclimatic conditions. Here, we leverage high resolution land surface temperature (LST) measurements, in conjunction with established relationships between air temperature and MBD risk factors like mosquito biting rate and transmission probability, to produce fine resolution (70 m) maps of MBD risk components. We focus our case study on West Nile virus (WNV) in the San Joaquin Valley of California, where temperatures vary widely across the day and the diverse agricultural/urban landscape. We first use field measurements to establish a relationship between LST and air temperature, and apply it to Ecosystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment data (2018–2020) in peak WNV transmission months (June–September). We then use the previously derived equations to estimate spatially explicit mosquito biting and WNV transmission rates. We use these maps to uncover significant differences in risk across land cover types, and identify the times of day which contribute to high risk for different land covers. Additionally, we evaluate the value of high resolution spatial and temporal data in avoiding biased risk estimates due to Jensen’s inequality, and find that using aggregate data leads to significant biases of up to 40.5% in the possible range of risk values. Through this analysis, we show that the synergy between novel remote sensing technology and fundamental principles of disease ecology can unlock new insights into the spatio-temporal dynamics of MBDs.