bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Getting started with meta‐analysis
Authors: Harrison Freya
Published: July 2010

1. Meta‐analysis is a powerful and informative tool for basic and applied research. It provides a statistical framework for synthesizing and comparing the results of studies which have all tested a particular hypothesis. Meta‐analysis has the potential to be particularly useful for ecologists and evolutionary biologists, as individual experiments often rely on small sample sizes due to the constraints of time and manpower, and therefore have low statistical power.

2. The rewards of conducting a meta‐analysis can be significant. It can be the basis of a systematic review of a topic that provides a powerful exploration of key hypotheses or theoretical assumptions, thereby influencing the future development of a field of research. Alternatively, for the applied scientist, it can provide robust answers to questions of ecological, medical or economic significance. However, planning and conducting a meta‐analysis can be a daunting prospect and the analysis itself is invariably demanding and labour intensive. Errors or omissions made at the planning stage can create weeks of extra work.

3. While a range of useful resources is available to help the budding meta‐analyst on his or her way, much of the key information and explanation is spread across different articles and textbooks. In order to help the reader use the available information as efficiently as possible (and so avoid making time‐consuming errors) this article aims to provide a ‘road map’ to the existing literature. It provides a brief guide to planning, organizing and implementing a meta‐analysis which focuses more on logic and implementation than on maths; it is intended to be a first port of call for those interested in the topic and should be used in conjunction with the more detailed books and articles referenced. In the main, references are cited and discussed with an emphasis on useful reading order rather than a chronological history of meta‐analysis and its uses.

4. No prior knowledge of meta‐analysis is assumed in the current article, though it is assumed that the reader is familiar with anova and regression‐type statistical models.
Exceptional know how? Possible pitfalls of routinising genetic services
Authors: Schmitz Dagmar
Published: July 2010

Genetic testing practices are increasingly advancing clinical medicine. This process of ‘routinisation of genetics’ has been conceived as a medical and ethical problem mainly because of the assumption that non-geneticists might lack the necessary skills to provide these services. In particular, the relevant theoretical knowledge in clinical genetics is viewed as insufficient in general practitioners and physicians from other specialities. Empirical findings seem to indicate significant variations not only in theoretical but also in practical knowledge between geneticists and non-geneticists. Several fields of practical knowledge—regarding for example the focus of clinical action, the relevance of therapeutic action or the normative framework—can be identified that are or could be areas of conflict when the routinisation of genetic services proceeds. From an ethical point of view, these variations in know how and background are especially relevant whenever the respective genetic service is concerned with medical information of exceptional normative quality, such as, for example, in prenatal genetic screening and diagnosis of untreatable conditions. Here, the clinically acquired practical knowledge of the non-geneticist could be particularly misleading insofar as there is no relation to therapy and—in a narrow sense—no clinical utility to be assessed. Non-geneticists need a chance to acquire the relevant theoretical and practical knowledge in order to understand and fulfil their own duties in the respective situations in a way that secures the important rights at stake of their patients and clients.
THE ROBERTSON–WALKER METRIC IN A PSEUDO-COMPLEX GENERAL RELATIVITY
Authors: HESS PETER O. , MAGHLAOUI LEILA , GREINER WALTER
Published: July 2010

We investigate the consequences of the pseudo-complex General Relativity within a pseudo-complexified Robertson–Walker metric. A contribution to the energy–momentum tensor arises, which corresponds to a dark energy and may change with the radius of the universe, i.e., time. Only when the Hubble function H does not change in time, the solution is consistent with a constant Λ.
RISK FACTORS FOR TRIGGER FINGER OCCURRENCE AFTER CARPAL TUNNEL RELEASE
Authors: Goshtasby Parviz Hiroshi , Wheeler Dale R. , Moy Owen J.
Published: July 2010

Carpal tunnel syndrome and trigger finger (TF) are common ailments managed by hand surgeons, but it is unclear whether these conditions are related. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are risk factors for the new-onset of TF after carpal tunnel release (CTR). A retrospective chart review was performed on 792 CTR surgeries and multiple variables were compared between patients who did and did not develop TF after CTR. The incidence of new-onset TF after CTR was 6.3%. Multivariate regression analysis showed that osteoarthritis and undergoing an endoscopic procedure were the only two independent risk factors. Based on these results, we recommend that for endoscopic CTR, the higher incidence of TF should be discussed preoperatively as a potential sequelae. Further, patients with osteoarthritis should be informed of their greater risk of developing TF postoperatively and should be monitored closely for expeditious detection and management of new-onset TF.
A THEOREM DUAL TO YAMADA–WATANABE THEOREM FOR STOCHASTIC EVOLUTION EQUATIONS
Authors: QIAO HUIJIE
Published: July 2010

In this paper, we prove that uniqueness in law and strong existence for a stochastic evolution equation [Formula: see text] imply existence and uniqueness of a strong solution in the framework of the variational approach. This result seems to be dual to Yamada–Watanabe theorem in [7].
ON ESTIMATION OF TRANSIENT STOCHASTIC STABILITY OF LINEAR SYSTEMS
Authors: AHMAD SK. SAFIQUE , RAHA SOUMYENDU
Published: July 2010

In this work, we propose a measure for estimating the transient stability/stabilization of stochastic systems modeled with linear Itô Stochastic Differential Equations. The measure leads to useful and tractable computation of the stochastic Brockett version of the transient stabilization problems. Some properties and bound estimates of the measure which we call the Stochastic Logarithmic Norm are also discussed. The usefulness of the Stochastic Logarithmic Norm is illustrated with examples of unstable equilibrium systems and a non-normal system.
MIXED STATE ENTANGLEMENT MEASURES FOR INTERMEDIATE SEPARABILITY
Authors: ICHIKAWA TSUBASA , HUBER MARCUS , KRAMMER PHILIPP , HIESMAYR BEATRIX C.
Published: July 2010

To determine whether a given multipartite quantum state is separable with respect to some partition, we construct a family of entanglement measures {Rm(ρ)}. This is done utilizing generalized concurrences as building blocks which are defined by flipping of M constituents and indicate states that are separable with regard to bipartitions when vanishing. Furthermore, we provide an analytically computable lower bound for {Rm(ρ)} via a simple ordering relation of the convex roof extension. Using the derived lower bound, we illustrate the effect of the isotropic noise on a family of four-qubit mixed states for each intermediate separability.
Discovery and characterization of nutritionally regulated genes associated with muscle growth in Atlantic salmon
Authors: Bower Neil I. , Johnston Ian A.
Published: July 2010

A genomics approach was used to identify nutritionally regulated genes involved in growth of fast skeletal muscle in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L. ). Forward and reverse subtractive cDNA libraries were prepared comparing fish with zero growth rates to fish growing rapidly. We produced 7,420 ESTs and assembled them into nonredundant clusters prior to annotation. Contigs representing 40 potentially unrecognized nutritionally responsive candidate genes were identified. Twenty-three of the subtractive library candidates were also differentially regulated by nutritional state in an independent fasting-refeeding experiment and their expression placed in the context of 26 genes with established roles in muscle growth regulation. The expression of these genes was also determined during the maturation of a primary myocyte culture, identifying 13 candidates from the subtractive cDNA libraries with putative roles in the myogenic program. During early stages of refeeding DNAJA4, HSPA1B, HSP90A, and CHAC1 expression increased, indicating activation of unfolded protein response pathways. Four genes were considered inhibitory to myogenesis based on their in vivo and in vitro expression profiles ( CEBPD, ASB2, HSP30, novel transcript GE623928). Other genes showed increased expression with feeding and highest in vitro expression during the proliferative phase of the culture ( FOXD1, DRG1) or as cells differentiated ( SMYD1, RTN1, MID1IP1, HSP90A, novel transcript GE617747). The genes identified were associated with chromatin modification ( SMYD1, RTN1), microtubule stabilization ( MID1IP1), cell cycle regulation ( FOXD1, CEBPD, DRG1), and negative regulation of signaling ( ASB2) and may play a role in the stimulation of myogenesis during the transition from a catabolic to anabolic state in skeletal muscle.
Cohesive Motion Control Algorithm for Formation of Multiple Autonomous Agents
Authors: Atta Debabrata , Subudhi Bidyadhar , Gupta Madan M.
Published: July 2010

This paper presents a motion control strategy for a rigid and constraint consistent formation that can be modeled by a directed graph whose each vertex represents individual agent kinematics and each of directed edges represents distance constraints maintained by an agent, called follower, to its neighbouring agent. A rigid and constraint consistent graph is called persistent graph. A persistent graph is minimally persistent if it is persistent, and no edge can be removed without losing its persistence. An acyclic (free of cycles in its sensing pattern) minimally persistent graph of Leader-Follower structure has been considered here which can be constructed from an initial Leader-Follower seed (initial graph with two vertices, one is Leader and another one is First Follower and one edge in between them is directed towards Leader) by Henneberg sequence (a procedure of growing a graph) containing only vertex additions. A set of nonlinear optimization-based decentralized control laws for mobile autonomous point agents in two dimensional plane have been proposed. An infinitesimal deviation in formation shape created continuous motion of Leader is compensated by corresponding continuous motion of other agents fulfilling the shortest path criteria.
Ranpirnase (Frog RNase) Targeted with a Humanized, Internalizing, Anti–Trop-2 Antibody Has Potent Cytotoxicity against Diverse Epithelial Cancer Cells
Authors: Chang Chien-Hsing , Gupta Pankaj , Michel Rosana , Loo Meiyu , Wang Yang , Cardillo Thomas M. , Goldenberg David M.
Published: July 2010

Ranpirnase (Rap), an amphibian RNase, has been extensively studied both preclinically and clinically as an antitumor agent. Rap can be administered repeatedly to patients without any untoward immune response, with reversible renal toxicity reported to be dose limiting. To enhance its potency and targeted tumor therapy, we describe the generation of a novel IgG-based immunotoxin, designated 2L-Rap(Q)-hRS7, comprising Rap(Q), a mutant Rap with the putative N-glycosylation site removed, and hRS7, an internalizing, humanized antibody against Trop-2, a cell surface glycoprotein overexpressed in variety of epithelial cancers. The immunotoxin was generated recombinantly by fusing Rap(Q) to each of the two hRS7 light (L) chains at the NH2 terminus, produced in stably transfected myeloma cells, purified by Protein A, and evaluated by a panel of in vitro studies. The results, including size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography, SDS-PAGE, flow cytometry, RNase activity, internalization, cell viability, and colony formation, showed its purity, molecular integrity, comparable affinity to hRS7 for binding to several Trop-2–expressing cell lines of different cancer types, and potency to inhibit growth of these cell lines at nanomolar concentrations. In addition, 2L-Rap(Q)-hRS7 suppressed tumor growth in a prophylactic model of nude mice bearing Calu-3 human non–small cell lung cancer xenografts, with an increase in the median survival time from 55 to 96 days (P < 0.01). These results warrant further development of 2L-Rap(Q)-hRS7 as a potential therapeutic for various Trop-2–expressing cancers, such as cervical, breast, colon, pancreatic, ovarian, and prostate cancers. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(8); 2276–86. ©2010 AACR.
Stratification for Confounding – Part 2: Direct and Indirect Standardization
Authors: Tripepi Giovanni , Jager Kitty J. , Dekker Friedo W. , Zoccali Carmine
Published: July 2010

Standardization is a method used to compare observed and expected rates of a given disease/outcome by removing the influence of factors that may confound the comparison. There are two major standardization methods: one is used when the ‘standard’ is the structure of a population (direct method) and the other when the ‘standard’ is a set of specific event rates (indirect method). The direct standardization is commonly used for large populations while the indirect one is applied to populations of relatively small dimensions.
Global Evolutionary Trend of the Prevalence of Primary Glomerulonephritis over the Past Three Decades
Authors: Woo Keng-Thye , Chan Choong-Meng , Chin Yoke Mooi , Choong Hui-Lin , Tan Han-Kim , Foo Marjorie , Anantharaman Vathsala , Lee Grace S.L. , Chiang Gilbert S.C. , Tan Puay Hoon , Lim Cheng Hong , Tan Chorh Chuan , Lee Evan , Tan Hwee Boon , Fook-Chong Stephanie , Lau Yeow-Kok , Wong Kok-Seng
Published: July 2010

Objective: The prevalence of primary glomerulonephritis in Singapore is compared with that of 28 other countries to review changing trends in the evolution of primary glomerulonephritis in Asia and other countries. Method: 2,586 renal biopsies in Singapore over the past 3 decades were reviewed and compared with data from 28 other countries. Results: In the 1st decade most Asian countries have mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis as the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis, and in the 3rd decade there has been a dramatic increase in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis reflecting aging and obesity in keeping with more developed countries. IgA nephritis remains the commonest glomerulonephritis in many countries. Membranous glomerulonephritis continues to be more prevalent in Western countries while mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis remains prevalent in many Asian countries. Conclusion: Apart from geographical and genetic influences, socioeconomic factors may play a role in the evolution of the biopsy pattern in some countries. Worldwide, the prevalence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis continues to increase. In third world countries some of the commoner forms of glomerulonephritis are related to infections, in contrast to developed countries where the antigenic exposure may be related to diet, allergens and other industrial agents.
Object-based Selection of Irrelevant Features Is Not Confined to the Attended Object
Authors: Boehler Carsten N. , Schoenfeld Mircea A. , Heinze Hans-Jochen , Hopf Jens-Max
Published: July 2010

Attention to one feature of an object can bias the processing of unattended features of that object. Here we demonstrate with ERPs in visual search that this object-based bias for an irrelevant feature also appears in an unattended object when it shares that feature with the target object. Specifically, we show that the ERP response elicited by a distractor object in one visual field is modulated as a function of whether a task-irrelevant color of that distractor is also present in the target object that is presented in the opposite visual field. Importantly, we find this modulation to arise with a delay of approximately 80 msec relative to the N2pc—a component of the ERP response that reflects the focusing of attention onto the target. In a second experiment, we demonstrate that this modulation reflects enhanced neural processing in the unattended object. These observations together facilitate the surprising conclusion that the object-based selection of irrelevant features is spatially global even after attention has selected the target object.
De novo infantile primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
Authors: Alshekaili J. , Reynolds G. , Cook MC
Published: July 2010

Most autoimmune diseases are rare in infants. Early onset can represent an extreme phenotype arising from strong genetic predisposition relatively independent of environmental influence. Alternatively, neonatal autoimmunity can arise from transplacental passage of maternal pathogenic IgG autoantibodies. Distinguishing between these possible explanations is crucial for determining the prognosis in the specific patient, and has important implications for understanding pathogenesis. We report a case of neonatal thrombotic stroke associated with both cardiolipin and β2-glycoprotein I antibodies in neonatal serum but absent from cord blood and maternal serum. While the child also carried one prothrombotic allele of factor V (Leiden allele), which may have contributed to the risk of thromboembolic disease, the serological analysis represents unequivocal evidence of de novo neonatal primary phospholipid antibody syndrome.
Contemplations on the Business of Government: A Conversation With Morley Winograd and Alan Glassman
Authors: Zell Deone
Published: July 2010

In this interview, Morley Winograd and Alan Glassman-two recognized experts on strategic planning and organization development in government agencies-explore the uniqueness of the public sector environment, highlighting both the complexity of the federal and multiple-level municipal relationships and the more common criticisms about public sector governance. Specifically, they remind us of (a) the often forgotten benefits of the nation’s deliberative democracy and the constant, yet arguably appropriate, tension between career civil servants and politicians, (b) the need to change the current problem-solving culture to spur innovation in government, and (c) the potential for strategic planning in the public sector to accelerate change and shift government’s focus from process to outcomes. Finally, they offer five pieces of hard-won advice to those attempting strategic planning in the public sector, and share optimism about the future based on the influx of the millennial generation into the public sector.
Contested Terrain: Principal and Teacher Leadership at Grove Street Elementary School
Authors: Donaldson Morgaen L. , Cobb Casey D. , Mayer Anysia P.
Published: July 2010

This case describes dilemmas faced by a second-year principal whose urban school received a major grant to encourage teacher leadership, expand decision making, and promote school-based autonomy. This case focuses on the principal’s efforts to negotiate his work with multiple stakeholders, including the coach, teachers, and district leadership. The principal struggles to balance his desire to cede authority to teachers and foster teacher leadership with his responsibility to raise student performance.
Reliability of Peak Expiratory Flow Measurement in Assessing Bronchodilator Response of Airflow Obstruction
Authors: Ozturk Ayse Bilge , Kaya Zuleyha , Cagatay Tulin , Erkan Feyza
Published: July 2010

Turkish national guidelines recommend peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurements for assessing the reversibility of airflow obstruction in the primary care setting because it is cost-effective and practical. In this study, the usefulness and reliability of PEF as an alternative parameter to forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) as a reversibility test was investigated. Eighty-three subjects with asthma symptoms and airflow obstruction on spirometry met inclusion criteria. The mean age of the subjects was 42 ± 17.5 years; 52% were men. The FEV1% was between 53% and 80% in the study population. PEF was assessed using a manual peak flow meter, while FEV1 was obtained from the spirographic curve. A positive bronchodilator response was defined as an increase in FEV1 of >12% predicted after inhaling 400 µg of salbutamol. This response was compared with an increase in PEF% from baseline with cutoff values of 15% and 20%. FEV1 >12%, PEF >15%, and PEF >20% bronchodilator response was observed in 59%, 61%, and 49% of patients, respectively. There was a weak correlation between postbronchodilator FEV1 and PEF increase ( r = 0.275, P = .012). An increase in PEF >15% showed a sensitivity of 74%, specificity of 58%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 74%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 59% compared with an FEV1 response of >12%. Similarly, an increase of PEF >20% had a sensitivity of 54%, specificity of 57%, PPV of 65%, and NPV of 45%. The clinical value of PEF measurements in the diagnosis of reversible obstructive airway disease was less reliable than FEV1. Therefore, it should be reevaluated for widespread usage.
Stress-induced premature senescence mediated by a novel gene, SENEX, results in an anti-inflammatory phenotype in endothelial cells
Authors: Coleman Paul R. , Hahn Christopher N. , Grimshaw Matthew , Lu Ying , Li Xiaochun , Brautigan Peter J. , Beck Konstanze , Stocker Roland , Vadas Mathew A. , Gamble Jennifer R.
Published: July 2010

Cellular senescence is a mechanism to inhibit the growth of mammalian cells after oncogenic activation, or in response to damage or stress. We describe here the identification of a novel gene, SENEX, that regulates stress induced premature senescence pathways in endothelial cells (ECs) involving p16INK4a and retinoblastoma protein activation. Endogenous levels of SENEX remain unchanged during replicative senescence but are regulated by H2O2-mediated stress. In contrast to that previously described for senescence in other cell types, the SENEX induced senescent ECs are profoundly anti-inflammatory. The cells are resistant to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α–induced apoptosis, adhesion of neutrophils and mononuclear cells, and the surface (but not cytoplasmic) expression of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1. Furthermore they are resistant to thrombin induced vascular leak. Senescent ECs such as those lining atherosclerotic lesions may therefore function to limit the inflammatory response. SENEX is also essential for EC survival since depletion either ectopically by siRNA or by high- dose H2O2 treatment causes apoptosis. Together, these findings expand our understanding of the role of senescence in the vasculature and identify SENEX as a fulcrum for driving the resultant phenotype of the endothelium after activation.
Human G3BP1 interacts with β-F1-ATPase mRNA and inhibits its translation
Authors: Ortega Álvaro D. , Willers Imke M. , Sala Sandra , Cuezva José M.
Published: July 2010

The post-transcriptional regulation of nuclear mRNAs that encode core components of mitochondria has relevant implications in cell physiology. The mRNA that encodes the catalytic subunit of the mitochondrial H+-ATP synthase subunit β (ATP5B, β-F1-ATPase) is localized in a large ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex (β-F1–RNP), which is subjected to stringent translational control during development and the cell cycle, and in carcinogenesis. Because downregulation of β-F1-ATPase is a conserved feature of most prevalent human carcinomas, we have investigated the molecular composition of the human β-F1–RNP. By means of an improved affinity-chromatography procedure and protein sequencing we have identified nine RNA-binding proteins (RNABPs) of the β-F1–RNP. Immunoprecipitation assays of Ras-GAP SH3 binding protein 1 (G3BP1) and fluorescent in-situ hybridization of mRNA indicate a direct interaction of the endogenous G3BP1 with mRNA of β-F1-ATPase (β-F1 mRNA). RNA-bridged trimolecular fluorescence complementation (TriFC) assays confirm the interaction of G3BP1 with the 3′-UTR of β-F1 mRNA in cytoplasmic RNA-granules. Confocal and high-resolution immunoelectron-microscopy experiments suggest that the β-F1–RNP is sorted to the periphery of mitochondria. Molecular and functional studies indicate that the interaction of G3BP1 with β-F1 mRNA inhibits its translation at the initiation level, supporting a role for G3BP1 in the glycolytic switch that occurs in cancer.
RETRACTED: Identification and characterization of GRIM-1, a cell-death-associated gene product
Authors: Hofmann Edward R. , Nallar Shreeram C. , Lin Limei , Lindner Daniel J. , Weihua Xiao , Kalvakolanu Dhananjaya V.
Published: July 2010

Using a genome-wide technical knockout, we isolated a newly identified set of GRIM (genes associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality) genes; GRIM genes mediate IFN- and retinoic-acid (RA)-induced cell death. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of one such gene, GRIM-1. Three proteins, with identical C-termini, were produced from the GRIM-1 open reading frame when this gene was transcribed and translated in vitro. These protein isoforms, designated GRIM-1α, GRIM-1β and GRIM-1γ, differentially suppressed growth via apoptosis in various cell lines. We also show that a caspase-dependent mechanism generates the proapoptotic GRIM-1 isoforms. Lastly, GRIM-1 isoforms differentially blocked maturation of 18S ribosomal RNA, consistent with their respective growth-suppressive ability. Together, these studies identified a novel protein involved in growth suppression and cell death.
Population and structural changes of the metastable state II in sodiumnitroprusside (Na2[Fe(CN)5NO] · 2H2O) at 60 K
Authors: Schefer J. , Woike Th. , Haussühl S. , Díaz M. T. Fernandez
Published: July 2010

We present population dynamics and structural properties of the metastable electronic excited state MS
Torta de filtro e turfa na mitigação de solo contaminado com resíduo de sucata rico em boro
Authors: Jorge Ricardo Alexandre Brasil , Abreu Cleide Aparecida de , Andrade Cristiano Alberto de , Camargo Otávio Antonio de
Published: July 2010

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a torta de filtro e a turfa como fontes de matéria orgânica para mitigar solo contaminado com boro, sob o cultivo do nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus). O solo da área estudada foi contaminado pelo descarte de resíduo metálico rico em B, com teor total de 62,1 mg kg-1 e disponível (água quente) de 8,0 mg dm-3. O solo recebeu aplicação de 10 t ha-1 de calcário por recomendação do órgão ambiental do Estado de São Paulo, tendo o valor de pH elevado a 7,5. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, com três repetições. As doses de cada material orgânico adicionado fundamentaram-se nos teores de C, sendo equivalentes a 0, 20, 40 e 80 t ha-1. Em cada parcela experimental foram utilizados vasos contendo 5,0 kg de solo contaminado, cultivado com dez plantas de nabo forrageiro. Não se constataram nas plantas sintomas de toxicidade, embora teores elevados tenham sido observados no caule + folhas (367 a 646 mg kg-1) e na vagem (119 a 180 mg kg-1). De acordo com o fator de transferência, índice de translocação e do tempo de remoção, seriam necessários, para remover 50% do teor de B total do solo, 10,6 anos sem uso de MO; 15,4 anos com uso da turfa; 9,3 anos com uso da torta de filtro. Concluiu-se que a torta de filtro foi considerada mitigadora para o solo contaminado e que o nabo forrageiro tem potencial para ser cultivado na área contaminada.
Imunossupressão com tacrolimus favorece a regeneração hepática induzida por hepatectomia extensa em ratos
Authors: Gama Filho Ozimo , Toderke Edimar Leandro , Baretta Giorgio Alfredo Pedroso , Sakamoto Daniele Giacometti , Agulham Miguel Angelo , Tambara Elizabeth Milla , Matias Jorge Eduardo Fouto
Published: July 2010

RACIONAL: A regeneração hepática representa o resultado de respostas fisiológicas que ocorrem após perdas de parênquima, como consequência de agressões tóxico-medicamentosas, infecciosas, traumáticas ou cirúrgicas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar, em dois momentos distintos da regeneração hepática, a influência do tacrolimus sobre o fenômeno da regeneração hepática desencadeada pela ressecção de 70% do parênquima hepático em ratos plenamente desenvolvidos. MÉTODO: Utilizaram-se 40 ratos Wistar com peso médio de 510,08 g ± 11.66 g divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de 20 (Estudo e Controle), cada grupo subdividido em dois subgrupos conforme o dia da morte após a hepatectomia (24 horas e 7 dias). De acordo com o grupo os animais receberam por gavagem, diariamente, iniciando três dias antes da hepatectomia e prolongando-se por todo o período de observação, solução aquosa de tacrolimus 0,1 mg/kg/dia ou solução salina no mesmo volume. Após três dias de pré-terapia todos foram submetidos à hepatectomia de 70% pela ressecção dos lobos hepáticos mediano e lateral esquerdo que foram pesados para posterior cálculo da regeneração hepática pela fórmula de Kwon. Vinte e quatro horas ou sete dias após a hepatectomia, 10 animais de cada grupo foram mortos, os fígados remanescentes (regenerados) foram pesados e amostrados para realização de índice mitótico por hematoxilina-eosina e estudo imunoistoquímico com os marcadores PCNA e Ki-67. RESULTADOS: Os animais que receberam tacrolimus mostraram índice maior de regeneração hepática, atingindo significância estatística quando comparado ao subgrupo de animais mantidos com placebo quando analisados pelos parâmetros: fórmula de Kwon, índice mitótico e marcador PCNA. A tendência para o marcador Ki-67 foi idêntica aos outros parâmetros, mas não alcançou significância estatística. CONCLUSÕES: A imunossupressão com tacrolimus possui efeito estimulante no processo de regeneração hepática desencadeado pela hepatectomia 70% em ratos Wistar adultos, plenamente desenvolvidos.
Abordagem terapêutica dos hemangiomas cutâneos na infância
Authors: Serra Adriana Maria da Silva , Soares Flávia Machado Gonçalves , Cunha Júnior Acimar G. da , Costa Izelda Maria Carvalho
Published: July 2010

FUNDAMENTOS: Hemangioma é um tumor benigno de células endoteliais comum na infância e de involução espontânea. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os tratamentos utilizados em 122 pacientes com hemangiomas cutâneos, tratados no Hospital Universitário de Brasília, de março de 2000 a dezembro de 2006. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se coleta de dados em prontuários e aplicação de questionários aos pais. Foram analisados gênero, fatores pré-natais e perinatais, características clínicas, tipo de tratamento e resultados. RESULTADOS: A razão de sexo (F: M) foi de 1,5:1. 42, em pacientes que apresentavam hemangiomas superficiais, 13 profundos e 67 mistos; em 7 pacientes, havia associação com síndromes. Em 79 pacientes, localizavam-se no polo cefálico. Já em 98/122 dos pacientes, foram submetidos a tratamento único e 24/122 a múltiplos. No primeiro grupo, foi utilizada conduta expectante em 38 pacientes, compressão em 3, corticoide sistêmico em 18, corticoide intralesional em 13, corticoide tópico em 4, cirurgia convencional em 12, criocirurgia em 7, luz pulsada em 1 e imiquimod em 2. No segundo grupo, 15 fizeram 2 tipos de tratamentos e 9 necessitaram de 3 ou mais tratamentos. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados obtidos concordam com a literatura mundial, quanto a sexo e localização da lesão. A incidência de hemangiomas presentes ao nascimento foi maior que em outras publicações. Os resultados terapêuticos obtidos foram comparáveis aos publicados na literatura. A identificação dos hemangiomas que necessitam de tratamento, em que momento adequado para intervenção e a melhor opção terapêutica devem ser considerados.
Effects of Location, Hybrid, Fertilizer, and Rate of Planting on the Oil and Protein Contents of Corn Grain1
Authors: Genter C. F. , Eheart J. F. , Linkous W. N.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

With 7 corn hybrids at various locations in Virginia, hybrids were more important than growing conditions as a source of variation in oil content; the reverse was true for the effect on protein content. With 3 levels of N, P, and K, and at 10,000 and 16,000 plants per acre, the location, planting rate, and N level all significantly affected protein content. Protein content was significantly higher under drought conditions than under good growing conditions. Highest protein yields occurred with the higher plant stand and heaviest N application. None of the factors had any appreciable effect on oil content:
An Evolutionary Plant Breeding Method1
Authors: Suneson Coit A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A new method of plant breeding has been developed from long‐term tests with diversely constituted bulk hybrid populations. These were grown in mass under competitive natural selection for 12 to 29 generations. The production gains effected in these populations equaled those from the conventional and more costly breeding methods now in use.
Tetrasomic Inheritance of an Elongated Hypocotyl Mutant in Alfalfa1
Authors: Davis R. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Mutant alfalfa plants, first observed in a S1 population, were characterized by an elongated hypocotyl and a chlorophyll deficiency. Data suggest that both of these characters were conditioned by the presence at one location of recessive genes in the nulliplex genotype aaaa. The gene symbol el was proprosed.
Effects of Annual Weeds on the Growth and Yield of Soybeans1
Authors: Staniforth David W. , Weber Charles R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In 15 experiments, yield reductions of soybeans in weed‐infested plantings averaged 3.7 bushels per acre or approximately 10% of weed‐free beans when weeds were grown the entire season. Foxtail reduced bean yields slightly less than smartweed or velvet leaf. Dry matter yield of above ground parts of soybeans and weeds combined approximated that of weed‐free beans alone. Effects of rainfall are discussed. Possible effects of uncontrolled factors are recognized.
Potato Yield and Tuber Shape as Affected by Severe Soil‐Moisture Deficits and Plant Spacing1
Authors: Robins J. S. , Domingo C. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Total and U.S. No. 1 grade yield of Russet Burbank variety potatoes was reduced up to 30% and 58%, respectively, by soil‐moisture stress. Spindled tubers resulted from stress at any time following tuber initiation. Location and intensity of the growth constriction corresponded to the time and intensity of the imposed stress. Late‐season stress hastened maturity and reduced growth cracking whereas mid‐season stress increased growth cracking. Knobby second‐growth was essentially independent of moisture in these experiments.

Reduced stem populations resulted in a lower yield and number of tubers and a higher percentage of tubers with knobby second‐growth and growth cracks.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield and Protein Content of Grain Sorghum in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas1
Authors: Burleson C. A. , Cowley W. R. , Otey G.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In a field experiment with grain sorghum, applications of 60 and 120 pounds per acre of nitrogen gave significant increases in both content and yield of protein in the grain and forage. Apparent nitrogen recovery was 83.2 and 89.6%, respectively, when 60 and 120 pounds of nitrogen per acre were applied.
Establishment of Alfalfa in Wide‐Row Corn1
Authors: Tesar Milo B.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Drilling and packing alfalfa seed in a band over fertilizer in corn rows 60 or 80 inches wide resulted in alfalfa stands and yields not significantly different from those produced by seedings made in oats. Packing after drilling resulted in stands 28 to 109% better than stands established without packing in the three years of tests. Data indicate that seedings will be more difficult to establish in corn than in oats in dry summers or drier portions of the corn belt. An apparent disadvantage is that seedings fail to establish in the area immediately adjacent to the corn rows.
Tillering Studies in Oats II. Effect of Photoperiod and Date of Planting1
Authors: Wiggans S. C. , Frey K. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Oat varieties grown under various light and temperature conditions produced different numbers of head bearing tillers. All of the varieties tested needed more than 12 hours of continuous photoperiod to produce heads within 90 days. Plants grown at 58° F. did not head as rapidly as those grown at 70° F. The number of head bearing tillers per plant decreased with increased planting rates. Delaying planting from early April until the first week in May increased the number of heads per plant while plantings made after the first week in May decreased rapidly in number of heads per plant.
Effect of Soil Insecticides on Emergence, Growth, Yield and Chemical Composition of Soybeans1
Authors: Probst A. H. , Everly Ray T.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Of ten insecticides studied, only BHC and DDT at high rates caused deleterious effects on soybean emergence. High rates of BHC caused significant reductions in yield. There were no noticeable effects on height, lodging, seed quality, maturity, protein content, or iodine number of the oil. There was very little effect on oil content. Soybeans can be planted safely following crops where soil insecticides have been used, since the dosages used in these tests were much greater than present recommendations for the control of soil insects.
Selection for Resistance to Seed Pod Shattering in Birdsfoot Trefoil, (Lotus corniculatus L.)1
Authors: Peacock H. A. , Wilsie C. P.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Through one cycle of selection for shattering resistance, seed pod dehiscence was reduced 17%. A laboratory method of screening trefoil pods for shattering resistance was repeatable as indicated by a correlation coefficient of 0.992 expressing the relationship between shattering percentages of seed pods collected from diallel cross progenies on two dates. Exposure of seed pods to a relative humidity of 35% for 72 hours was necessary to differentiate the degree of resistance to shattering.
The Influence of Ammonium Nitrate on the Growth and Yield of Crested Wheatgrass on the Oregon High Desert1
Authors: Sneva Forrest A. , Hyder Donald N. , Cooper C. S.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Spring yields of crested wheatgrass were more than doubled by application of 30 pounds per acre of N and were directly related to April and May temperatures but inversely related to the amount of fall and winter precipitation over a 4‐year period. Annual yields were directly related to fertility rate, and to the amount of precipitation received in the preceding November 1 to June 1 period. Counting residual response, the 20 pounds per acre fertility rate returned 25 pounds of herbage per pound of N applied.
Chromosome Numbers, Fertility and Rhizome Expression of Hybrids Between Grain Sorghum and Johnsongrass1
Authors: Hadley Henry H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Hybrids between either male‐fertile or genetic male‐sterile grain sorghum and Johnsongrass included highly sterile 30‐chromosome and relatively fertile 40‐chromosome types. Hybrids between cytoplasmic male‐sterile gram sorghum and Johnsongrass included highly sterile 30‐chromosome and male‐sterile 40‐chromosome types. Rhizomes of the 30‐chromosome types were vigorous; those of the 40‐chromosome types were generally much weaker.
Nitrate Accumulation in Some Iowa Crop Plants1
Authors: Hanway J. J. , Englehorn A. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Nitrate accumulation occurred in stalks or stems of corn, sorghum, and soybean plants. Legumes in the rotation or applications of manure or nitrogen fertilizer increased the nitrate content of the plants. The amount of nitrate in plants depended upon the stage of maturity, the degree of drouth injury, and the availability of nitrogen in the soil. Nitrate content was reduced but not destroyed by ensiling corn plants.
A Comparison of Grain Sorghum Varieties in Plots With and Without Border Rows1
Authors: Ross W. M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A 5‐year study showed that yields and behavior of combine grain sorghums were similar from plots with and without border rows.
Chemical Composition, Nutrient Absorption, and Stalk Rot Incidence of Corn as Affected by Chloride in Potassium Fertilizer1
Authors: Younts S. E. , Musgrave R. B.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

High rates of chloride had little effect on the percentage of other elements in corn leaf tissue in field experiments, whereas total absorption of phosphorus, nitrogen, and magnesium was affected in pot experiments. Stalk rot incidence was decreased with increased potassium chloride applications but not with increased potassium sulfate and potassium metaphosphate applications.
Air Pollution With Relation to Agronomic Crops: VII. Fluoride Uptake from Soils1
Authors: Hansen E. Don , Wiebe H. H. , Thorne Wynne
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Fluoride uptake by turnips and alfalfa from four soils was increased by addition of sodium fluoride and sodium fluorosilicate. Uptake was less from soils containing higher levels of clay, lime, and organic matter. Yields were generally reduced when fluoride absorbed from the soils reached levels exceeding 60 ppm in the shoots.

Under field conditions, fluoride contamination to plants apparently occurs directly from the air rather than indirectly by way of the soil.
Vector Representation of Biologic Fields of Force1
Authors: Grafius J. E. , Kiesling R. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A vector method was developed to describe planes of force due to the interaction of a set of genotypes and the environment. Vector analysis was used to estimate the effect of a disease and of night temperature on sets of genotypes. The effect of mildew on barley was described in terms of an angle θ from a given axis which represented the severity of the epiphytotic, and in terms of the degree of determination by the forces in the so‐called mildew plane.
The Relationship of Furrow Depth to Moisture Content of Soil and to Seedling Establishment on a Range Soil1
Authors: McGinnies William J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The use of furrows 2 to 4 inches deep significantly increased soil moisture available for seed germination on a range soil by reducing the rate of moisture loss. Seedling establishment was improved by using a 4‐inch deep furrow.
Variety ✕ Environment Interactions in Cotton Variety Tests and Their Implications on Testing Methods1
Authors: Miller P. A. , Williams J. C. , Robinson H. F.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A substantial variety ✕ location ✕ year second‐order interaction was observed for lint yield. Variety ✕ year and variety ✕ location interactions, however, were small and nonsignificant. Thus it does not appear necessary to divide the North Carolina cotton area into subareas for testing purposes.
A Correlation and Path‐Coefficient Analysis of Components of Crested Wheatgrass Seed Production1
Authors: Dewey Douglas R. , Lu K. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Fertility and plant size were the most important components of seed yield. Inasmuch as fertility and plant size were negatively correlated, r = −.665, a compromise must be reached in selection for these two characters if maximum seed yields are to be obtained. The method of “path coefficients” proved useful in analyzing correlation coefficients in this system of interrelated variables.
Heterosis in Barley1
Authors: Grafius J. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Evidence was presented that genes for yield per se do not exist in barley. Hence yield is an artifact. If there are no genes per se for yield, there can be no dominance effects due to yield genes, or for that matter no over‐dominance of yield genes or heritability of yield. F1 vigor was shown to be due to epistasis. A large share of the F1 vigor in this experiment was shown to be fixable in a true breeding form.
The Randomness of Pollination in a Polycross Nursery of Smooth Bromegrass, Bromus inermis Leyss1
Authors: Ives Joseph D. , Thomas H. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Tests for randomness of pollination for 13 characters showed only 1 case out of the 13 with significant differences due to replication (i.e. location) in the polycross or parental field.
The Inheritance of Resistance in Barley to the Yellow‐Dwarf Virus1
Authors: Rasmusson D. C. , Schaller C. W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Yellow dwarf resistance was controlled by 1 gene in each of 4 barley varieties. Evidence from resistant ✕ resistant crosses indicated that these varieties carried the same gene for resistance. This gene conditioned a level of resistance adequate to assure fair yields under the most severe yellow dwarf conditions. No associations were found between the gene for resistance to yellow dwarf and genes located on linkage groups I and II.
Inheritance of Plant Height and Capsule Length in Sesame, Sesamum Indicum L.
Authors: Culp Thomas W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Inheritance of plant height was found to be controlled by 3 to 10 factors, most of which produced complete dominance of tall plants. Heritability of this character was estimated to be in the range of 40 to 50%. Inheritance of capsule length was found to be controlled by 2 to 5 factors. Dominance of genes for both short and long capsules was indicated. Heritability of this character was estimated to be in the range of 50 to 70%. Correlations between characters were highly significant, but of low magnitude.
Predicting Disease Resistance in Synthetic Varieties of Alfalfa from Clonal Cross Data1
Authors: Pearson L. C. , Elling L. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

For resistance to each of two diseases, bacterial wilt and common leafspot, synthetic variety performance essentially agreed with the average performance of all the crosses among the clones of which each synthetic was composed. There was no evidence of specific combining ability among the clonal crosses for either of these characters.
Influence of Environment on the Vegetative Growth of Plants Watered at Various Soil Moisture Suctions1
Authors: Letey J. , Blank G. B.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

At high suctions there was greater reduction in vegetative plant growth when the environment caused high evapotranspiration than when the evapotranspiration was low. Transpiration diminished as soil moisture suction increased, regardless of environment, but, under conditions of high evapotranspiration, the reduction in transpiration was relatively greater. Regardless of environment, less water was used per unit dry weight produced when watering was delayed until higher suctions.
Leaf Area Determination in Grain Sorghum1
Authors: Stickler F. C. , Wearden S. , Pauli A. W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Maximum length × maximum width × 0.747 was found to be an accurate and reliable method of estimating leaf area in 6 grain sorghum varieties. Using the component of variance technique, it was shown that most of the variability in area from leaf to leaf on the sorghum plants within a set of data was due to position on the plant.
Soil Compaction in the Field and Corn Growth1
Authors: Phillips R. E. , Kirkham Don
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Soil compaction markedly reduced growth and yield of corn. Mechanical impedance, as measured by bulk density and needle penetration, was the physical property most highly correlated with the reduction in growth and yield of the corn at each of two fertility levels.
Effect of Certain Fertility and Management Treatments on the Growth and Early Development of Tillers of Two Varieties of Smooth Bromegrass1
Authors: Hertz L. B.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Seedlings of two varieties of Bromus inermis Leyss., Lyon and Canadian certified, produced more tillers when kept free of weeds than when weeds were clipped or where a companion crop was used. The production of tillers by Canadian certified (northern adapted) was greater than by Lyon (southern adapted) when free of competition. The addition of fertilizer did not significantly increase the development of tillers.