bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the regional ionosphere using final, ultra-rapid, and rapid ionosphere products
Authors: Kamel Ramadan , Frahat Nour Bassim , Omar Ibrahim Omar Mohamed , Sedeek Ahmed
Published: December 2024

The ionosphere plays a critical role in radio wave propagation, impacting satellite-based communication and navigation systems. This study evaluates near-real-time ionosphere maps (NRTIMs) derived from dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) observations and validates them against established ionosphere models. Using dual-frequency Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology, the research mitigates ionospheric errors by measuring phase delays at L1 and L2 frequencies. Global ionosphere maps (GIMs) generated by the International GNSS Service (IGS) provide essential ionospheric corrections. Our approach combines accurate GPS observations with regional modeling to enhance GNSS positioning accuracy. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed MATLAB algorithm in estimating ionospheric delays, showing strong convergence with GIMs. The results show a significant convergence between the Regional Ionosphere Modeling of RIM, IGS (Final Ionosphere Product), IGU (Ultra Rapid Ionosphere Product), and IGR (Rapid Ionosphere Product), as the highest average values during the 77th DOY of winter 2020 at the CPVG station were 14.753 TECU for RIM and 14.736, 14.7373 and 14.731 TECU at the CPVG station for IGS, IGU, and IGR while the average was for RIM, IGS, IGU, and IGR are respectively lower, with the lowest average values during the 190th DOY of autumn 2020 at station IZMI with a value of 3.5472 TECU for RIM, 3.5541, 3.5421 and 3.5624 TECU at IZMI station for IGS, IGU, and IGR respectively. By achieving strong agreement with existing GIMs and providing high-frequency results, the algorithm improves the reliability of GPS systems by effectively monitoring envelope disturbances. Ionic and dilute.
Diversification in Business Valuation
Authors: Blatter Anja Bettina , Ernst Dietmar , Lang Sarah Maria
Published: December 2024

The importance of the diversification and the related diversification factor in business valuation has not been studied in depth. In CAPM, due to the model assumptions, it is implied that an investor holds a perfectly diversified portfolio, which answers the question of diversification. The objective of this paper is to clarify the definition of diversification and to show how diversification effects can be incorporated into business valuation. Our research contribution entails demonstrating methods to capture the risk situation of an investor based on its asset allocation and then deriving the diversification effect from this assessment. As a methodological approach, we have opted for one that encompasses the most diverse degrees of diversification. Our analysis shows that this approach captures all non-hedged risks and thus performs a stand-alone valuation without diversification effects. If the diversification effect of a specific portfolio is to be included in the valuation, the analyst must shift from a stand-alone approach to a portfolio based approach, where the diversification factor cannot simply be equated with the correlation coefficient but must be calculated using various aggregation methods. Given that the conventional variance-covariance method excludes extreme risks, we propose the use of the copula approach. This approach can enhance risk modeling and yield more accurate results in diversification effect calculations. Our analysis demonstrates that it is possible to effectively model different diversification effects in business valuation. However, this entails substantial data expenses and demands a high degree of methodological expertise from the analyst.
Ethical challenges in collecting pre-existing digital data for linguistic research
Authors: Dalmaijer Evi , Stommel Wyke , Pas Berber , Spooren Wilbert
Published: December 2024

Pre-existing digital data are a valuable resource for linguistic research. Collecting these materials is often thought of as straightforward (“the data exist anyway”) and ethical dilemmas are given little consideration. In this article, we discuss microethical issues we encountered while collecting electronic text messages, photos, and videos posted on a digital platform and app during paramedical treatment. Since ethics and methods are intertwined, we discuss the various ethical and methodological aspects of collecting these sensitive digital data for our linguistic research project and reflect on the benefits and limitations of the choices we made during this process. We specifically highlight the interdependence of ethics with technology and discuss how this can be even more challenging when working in a specific institutional context characterized by different conceptions of ethics and technology. Our article highlights the importance of microethics complementing prevalent ethical guidelines. We show that when pre-existing digital data are available in non-public digital spheres, it is difficult for researchers to define in advance in ethical protocols or guidelines how the data can be collected and what ethical measures should be taken. We argue that ethical reflections should be at the center of research, including research on pre-existing digital data, guiding the decisions to be made at all stages.
Ethical concerns for theoretical research in linguistics: issues and best practices
Authors: Chandra Pritha , D’Alessandro Roberta , Putnam Michael T.
Published: December 2024

Although formal, e.g., generative, approaches to linguistic inquiry are primarily concerned with the analysis of structural patterns, ethical concerns for the elicitation and documentation of empirical data that motivate these analyses persist. In this article, we explicate the challenges to be met and responsibilities that formal linguists must take in data collection, documentation, and analysis to ensure high ethical standards. We direct our attention especially toward research on heritage, minoritized and endangered languages, which have enriched the theoretical landscape in recent decades. Finally, we show that, when proper ethical concerns are recognized and accounted for in formal research, this collective body of research in its current form is also fully capable of respecting the integrity of individual speakers and their communities.
Polyphosphoric acid (PPA): a new, highly efficient catalyst for the synthesis of functionalized azepino phthalazine hybrids
Authors: Lamera Esma , Chibani Aissa , Bouaziz Zouhair , Borgne Marc Le , Maadadi Ramzi , Bouraiou Abdelmalek
Published: December 2024

A new, convenient and efficient method for the construction of a new polycyclic condensed system containing an azepine and pyrazolophthalazine has been developed in the form of a two-step protocol comprising the condensation reaction of hydroxylamine with 1H-indazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-1,6,11-trione derivative, followed by a Beckman rearrangement reaction using polyphosphoric acid (PPA) as catalyst. Various substituted substrates were successfully used, affording the azepino phthalazine hybrids in good yields and in short reaction times.
Nanostructured bismuth chloride based ((CH3NH3)3Bi2IxCl9-x) active layers for lead-free perovskite solar cells
Authors: Palanichamy Pavithrakumar , Madurai Ramakrishnan Venkatraman , Govindaraj Rajesh , Santhanam Agilan , Velauthapillai Dhayalan
Published: December 2024

Bismuth is one of the promising elements that can replace toxic lead in perovskite solar cells. However, surface roughness and inhomogeneous morphology with voids on the bismuth perovskite films limits their photovoltaic performance. In the present work, a scalable doctor-blade technique is employed to prepare perovskite thin film with high surface coverage. Methylammonium bismuth halide (MABiH) ((CH3NH3)3Bi2ClxI9-x) nanoparticles were synthesized by conventional sol-gel technique. The formation of perovskite structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction measurement which confirmed that MABiH perovskite films were in hexagonal symmetry with polycrystalline nature. The prepared perovskite nanoparticles were deposited on mesoporous TiO2-coated FTO substrates through the spin coating technique and doctor blade method. Morphology analysis of MABiH perovskite revealed the formation of an orange Lily-like structure with higher surface coverage. Lead-free mesoporous perovskite solar cells prepared using MABiH perovskite material with carbon as hole extraction layer showed a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.004 %, with short circuit current density of 89 μA/cm2, open circuit voltage of 0.12 V and fill factor of 38 %. These results allow us to step toward fabricating bulk MABiH lead-free perovskite solar cells.
Structural, morphological and dielectric properties of Ni-doped ZnO nanoceramics prepared by Sol-gel method
Authors: Subhash Sunena , Kooriyattil Sudheendran
Published: December 2024

The objective of this work is to synthesize new set of nanoceramics that improves structural integrity and dielectric performance while maintaining the desired characteristics of ZnO with the introduction of regulated Ni-doping. By using the sol-gel process, Ni-doped ZnO nanoceramics were successfully synthesized. Zn1–xNixO (x = 0, 0.05, 0.01, 0.15) wt % of Ni in to Zn precursor salts were added. Doping levels are considered to be low to moderate level, which typically lead to considerable changes in structural, optical, morphological and dielectric properties without modification of the nature of host ZnO. Higher concentrations greater than 15 % can result in the precipitation of isolated Ni or NiO phases which may negatively influence uniformity and consistency of the doped material. By using XRD for structural study, phase purity and the hexagonal wurtzite structure were confirmed. The integration of Ni2+ ions into the ZnO lattice is indicated by the change in lattice parameters and bond length for the Ni-doped ZnO sample. Samples follow almost same c/a ratio of an average of 1.601. An increase in “Ni” content results a decrease in crystallite size. Average crystallite size has been calculated ranging from 43.88 nm to 17.01 nm for ZnO to Zn0.85Ni0.15O samples. According to SEM analysis, the grains of the samples are uniformly dispersed. When the produced NPs were examined for purity using EDAX analysis, it was found that the beginning stoichiometries and the chemical composition of Zn, Ni, and O agreed well. The development of the ZnO phase was verified by the presence of a peak at 523 cm−1 in the FTIR spectra. According to the findings of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Ni was observed to be present in the ZnO lattice in the form of Ni2+.The Koops phenomenological theory and the Maxwell-Wagner model provide an explanation for the observed dielectric behaviour. It is noted that for pure ZnO, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss have maximum values, whereas for doped samples, these values decreases. Our sample is suitable for high frequency device application due to a negligible dielectric loss of 0.047 at 15 % Ni concentration in the high-frequency region. Ni-doping affects AC conductivity. At 10 MHz, Zn0.9Ni0.1O has the highest AC conductivity (2.654 × 10⁻⁴ (Ω cm)⁻1), while Zn0.85Ni0.15O shows a lower value (1.048 × 10⁻⁴ (Ω cm)⁻1), indicating a balance between doping level and grain boundary influence on conduction. The impedance study reveals that just one semicircle in all samples, indicating that the influence of grain boundaries is more significant than the contribution of individual grains.
Sol e sombra nas experiências das crianças Capuxu com o sítio camponês
Authors: DE SOUSA Emilene Leite de Sousa
Published: December 2024

Esta é uma etnografia da apropriação do sítio camponês pelas crianças Capuxu por meio das categorias sol e sombra. Para tanto, avança sobre as definições clássicas do sítio camponês vislumbrando-o na perspectiva da paisagem. Este texto analisa de que maneira o binômio sol/sombra é definidor da apropriação das crianças dos espaços do Sítio Santana-Queimadas, no sertão da Paraíba, e do tempo de suas dinâmicas. Mais do que isso, esta é uma etnografia de como as crianças Capuxu se relacionam com o não humano e o não material. Problematizo também a ausência da descrição destas condições de pesquisa pelos antropólogos e o não reconhecimento destas experiências com o não-humano como fundante da própria construção do conhecimento. Esta etnografia se produziu à luz do debate sobre as novas materialidades e as epistemologias ecológicas.
Herbaria
Authors: Flannery Maura C.
Published: December 2024

Herbaria, collections of preserved plant specimens, have existed for 500 years as repositories of information about plants. Many of these collections are now being digitized, making them available to a much broader audience including students and teachers. Specimens can be used in a variety of different contexts in teaching biology, including from the viewpoint of the history of science. There are plants collected on Captain Cook’s and Darwin’s round-the-world voyages, as well as on early explorations of the western United States. Besides being tied to the history of science and culture, older specimens also document environmental variations over time, such as changes in flowering or fruiting times due to global warming. With access to digital images and information, teachers can design activities in which students test hypotheses and search for supporting evidence as they learn about collectors and the indigenous peoples who assisted them.
Development of a Local Instruction Theory for Trigonometric Ratios
Authors: Andiani Dini , Nurlaelah Elah , Darhim Darhim
Published: December 2024

Some students find trigonometric ratios challenging. Research on the application of Local Instruction Theory (LIT) in trigonometry is limited, particularly in secondary school understanding of trigonometric ratios. This study aims to develop an LIT for trigonometric ratios using Realistic Mathematics Education (RME). The researcher designed a learning pathway to help students grasp the fundamental concepts of trigonometric ratios. The study employs a research design methodology, developing a Hypothetical Learning Trajectory (HLT) to improve students' understanding. The development of LIT for Trigonometric Ratios follows three stages: initial design, teaching experiments, and retrospective analysis. Students demonstrated the ability to understand trigonometric ratios through the learning process. The findings suggest that the use of LIT-based instructional materials, incorporating RME principles, significantly enhances students' conceptual understanding of trigonometric ratios in high school.
Beberapa siswa menganggap materi perbandingan trigonometri cukup sulit. Penelitian tentang penerapan Local Instruction Theory (LIT) dalam pembelajaran trigonometri masih sangat terbatas, khususnya terkait dengan pemahaman rasio trigonometri di sekolah menengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan Local Instruction Theory (LIT) perbandingan trigonometri dengan menggunakan Realistic Mathematic Education (RME). Dalam upaya membantu siswa membangun konsep dasar pada materi perbandingan trigonometri, peneliti mengembangkan alur LIT dengan menemukan jalur pembelajaran yang efektif. Pencapaian tujuan penelitian menggunakan desain penelitian. Serangkaian kegiatan mengembangkan Hypothetical Learning Trajectory (HLT) sehingga siswa sekolah menengah atas (SMA) memiliki pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang perbandingan trigonometri. Pengembangan Local Instruction Theory untuk Perbandingan Trigonometri meliputi tiga tahap yaitu mengembangkan desain awal, melakukan percobaan pengajaran, dan melaksanakan analisis retrospektif. Siswa mampu membangun pemahaman tentang perbandingan trigonometri selama proses pembelajaran berlangsung. Berdasarkan analisis kualitatif eksperimen pengajaran, penelitian ini berimplikasi pada penguatan Local Instruction Theory (LIT) perbandingan trigonometri dan pengembangan bahan ajar berbasis RME.
ОТ НАУКИ К БИОТЕХНОНАУКЕ (О СМЫСЛЕ СДВИГА)
Authors: С.А. СМИРНОВ
Published: December 2024

В статье дается анализ сдвига, который переживает в настоящее время наука как сфера деятельности и институт. Делается вывод, что происходит сдвиг от науки к технонауке, или, точнее, к биотехнонауке. Сдвиг означает смену базовой установки. В научной парадигме допускалась установка на познание мира и неизменность человека - субъекта познания. В технонаучной парадигме допускается, что мир и человека необходимо конструировать, менять под инженерные задачи преобразования. Человек как главный субъект изменений должен быть преобразован и улучшен. Вводится принцип улучшения человека с помощью современных умных технологий. В процессе сдвига от науки к технонауке граница между наукой, культурой, властью и обществом стирается и формируются гибридные формы, в которых базовым процессом становится производство новых форм жизни, в том числе и нового проекта человека. В этих гибридных формах научное знание перестает быть сугубо эпистемологической единицей, оно встраивается в большие инженерные проекты.

The article analyzes the shift that science is currently experiencing as a field of activity and an institution. It is concluded that there is a shift from science to technoscience or, more precisely, to biotechnoscience. This shift means a change in the basic setting. In the scientific paradigm, it was allowed to set on the knowledge of the world and the immutability of man as the subject of knowledge. In the techno-scientific paradigm, it is assumed that the world and man should be designed and changed to suit the engineering tasks of transformation. Man, as the main subject of change, should in principle be transformed and enhanced. The principle of human enhancement with the help of modern smart technologies is introduced. During shifting from science to technoscience, the boundary between science, culture, power and society becomes blurred and hybrid forms emerge, in which the production of new forms of life, including a new human project, becomes the basic process. In these hybrid forms, scientific knowledge ceases to be a purely epistemological unit, but integrates into large engineering projects.
Hierarchy and Polyphony in the Artistic World of Dostoevsky
Authors: Esaulov Ivan
Published: December 2024

According to the later confession of the creator of the polyphonic novel theory Michael Bakhtin, he was able to fulfill only part of the task when he substantiated the polyphonic “horizontal” of voices in the world of Dostoevsky. He was not allowed to create the “vertical” (inseparable from the “existence of God”). An attempt to supplement what Bakhtin was unable to do requires a restoration of the scientific and religious-philosophical context in which the concept of “polyphony” can be ontologically related to the concept of Orthodox conciliarity, as well as other important phenomena of Russian culture. In modern Dostoevsky studies, the prevailing tendency is that the hierarchy and the concept of the polyphonic novel contradict each other. However, the article substantiates the existence of a context of understanding in which this linear logic is annulled. The “dialogue of agreement” between hierarchy and polyphony does not comprise either the recognition of the relative “truth” of the latter concept for an adequate scientific description of Dostoevsky’s world (the absolutization of this principle leads to a relativism unacceptable to Dostoevsky), or a rejection of polyphony in favor of hierarchy (this leads to a religious “legalism” that levels the personality, if another consciousness, the consciousness of the hero, is only the bearer of one or another “idea” for its affirmation). It seems that the recognition of the conciliar basis of polyphony is capable of truly “reconciling” the various interpretation principles, which, with other approaches, lead to the loss of the personhood of Dostoevsky’s heroes, and therefore to the reduction of the meanings of his works. The presence of Orthodox conciliarity in Dostoevsky’s polyphony is expressed not in the “equal” significance of the positions of the heroes’ ideological attitudes for the novel’s whole, but in the fact that the human person depicted by the author himself, due to the Christocentrism of Dostoevsky’s world, is hierarchically more significant than the ideological position that the person expresses. These theses are illustrated by the interpretation of Dostoevsky’s works.
Painting, Icon, Sonnet, and Text: a Comparative Analysis of Pushkin’s Sonnet “Madona” and an Episode of Dostoevsky’s Novel “The Brothers Karamazov”
Authors: Borisova Valentina
Published: December 2024

The article offers a comparative examination of A. S. Pushkin’s sonnet “Madona” and the description of the cell of elder Zosima in F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “The Brothers Karamazov” as vivid examples of visual representation of the idea of “universal responsiveness” in the works of both authors. They are united by verbal and figurative images that visually embody it. In this case, it is Pushkin’s ekphrastic image of the “Russian Madonna,” which bears the mark of ethno-confessional cultural synthesis. Pushkin’s sonnet contains an intermedial contamination of two artistic traditions — poetic and pictorial. The former is associated with sonnets by Dante and Petrarch, as well as Orthodox prayers; the latter – with Raphael’s painting “The Bridgewater Madonna” and the icon of the Mother of God of Kazan. In Dostoevsky, a similar example of a visual embodiment of the idea of “universal responsiveness” is the description of Zosima’s cell, in which the Orthodox image of the Mother of God neighbors the Catholic image of Mater Dolorosa. From an axiological point of view, the attribute of Catholic iconography purposefully introduced by the writer into the interior of the cell is fundamentally significant. It is absent in the cell of the Optina elder Amvrosy, reproduced by Dostoevsky with great, but not literal, accuracy in order to portray the elder Zosima as the embodiment of the image of the “Russian all-man” who understands everything and everyone and accommodates everything. His iconostasis represents the entire history of Christian culture: the period before the schism in Russia (the image of the Mother of God), ancient Orthodoxy (icons of saints and martyrs), Catholicism (Catholic ivory cross and engravings) and modernity (portraits of bishops). The religious and cultural syncretism of Zosima’s religious feeling, which in cultural terms was in many ways close to Dostoevsky himself, is apparent.
“Description of Everyday Life” by Vladimir Dahl
Authors: Tarasov Konstantin
Published: December 2024

The article examines the history of V. I. Dahl’s manuscript described by P. I. Melnikov-Pechersky in his memoirs. The manuscript contained adaptations of certain biblical texts into the vernacular. References to this manuscript are found in the correspondence between V. I. Dahl and M. P. Pogodin, as well as in the letters of P. G. Redkin to V. I. Dahl. The author’s intention in Dahl’s later literary works largely aligns with the idea of adapting the Bible to explain the essence of Christian truths in an accessible language, which underpin the style of Russian life and moral education, and which Dahl viewed as the future of Russia. The article analyzes the depictions of Russian life that Dahl authored after a ten-year hiatus in 1867–1868, as well as “Pictures of Russian Children’s Life,” written by Dahl in the last years of his life and published after his death. To support the theses set forth in the article, material from the “Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language”, V. I. Dahl’s journalism on educational issues, and texts from a number of his early artistic works is referenced.
Taxonomic composition of phytoplankton in various continental aquatic hydroecosystems of Ukraine
Authors: Davydov O.A. , Shcherbak V.I. , Semeniuk N.Ye. , Koziychuk E.Sh.
Published: December 2024

The paper deals with present-day taxonomic composition of phytoplankton in various continental aquatic ecosystems of Ukraine (Kaniv Reservoir, the Western Bug River (with tributaries), Prypiat River (with tributaries), Sula River (within Nyzhniosulskyi National Natural Park, ponds (Hostomel town), large lakes of the Danube River) according to the modern algological nomenclature AlgaeBase. Within 2000–2022 in the phytoplankton of aquatic ecosystems under study 455 species of algae were identified, represented by 467 infraspecies taxa from 206 genera, 102 families, 53 orders, 18 classes and 8 phyla. The most diverse were Bacillariophyta (25–50%), Chlorophyta (22–39%) and Cyanobacteria (7–16% of floristic spectrum). Phytoplankton responds to present climate change by increase in Cyanobacteria share. The taxonomic hierarchy of algae, identified in plankton, is characterized by the following regression: Bacillariophyta > Chlorophyta > Cyanobacteria > Ochrophyta > Euglenozoa. Analysis of the taxonomic composition of Bacillariophyta at different levels of their systematic hierarchy (families, genera — according to Kendall index; species (infraspecie taxa) — according to Sørensen index) has made it possible to reveal the following patterns. The Kendall index for leading families varied within 0.31–0.72. The highest level of similarity was observed for lotic ecosystems. The Kendall index for leading genera varied between 0.11 and 0.59. The highest similarity level was observed between ecosystems of one type, for example, lotic (the Prypiat River and the Western Bug River) or lentic (ponds of Hostomel town and large Danube lakes). Cluster analysis of species similarity according to Sørensen index shows that two clusters can be distinguished in the dendrogram: lotic ecosystems and lentic ecosystems. The long-term data on the taxonomic composition of phytoplankton (algae present in water column at the moment of sampling) give evidence of high diversity thereof in various aquatic ecosystems of Ukraine.
The «shadow» sector of the economy and illegal business: a historical and economic analysis
Authors:   Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine, Kudlasevych Olga
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the historical and economic study of the development of the "shadow" sector, tracing the historical roots of the shadow economy in the independent Ukraine. The author establishes that in conditions of political and economic instability, shadow relations create additional threats to the effective functioning of the economy. The article emphasizes that the problem of the shadow sector is actualized by the tasks of strengthening macroeconomic stability in wartime and liberalizing the business environment for post-war recovery.
The purpose of the article is to analyze the trends in the functioning of the shadow economy, in particular, to identify the features of the development of illegal entrepreneurship in Ukraine during the Soviet period. The author analyzes the views of foreign and domestic scientists on the definition of scientific terminology, as well as the components of shadow economic activities and their scale.
Based on the analysis, the article traces the historical trajectory of development of the shadow economy. The following factors of the spread of shadow relations are identified: hypertrophied centralization of the economy, the absence of private property and freedom of entrepreneurship, and the government’s neglect of the shadow economy. The shadow economy was inherent in all stages of the development of the Soviet economy, but the tendency to its expansion was observed since the late 50s of XX century. At the same time, a decrease in the rate of economic growth and the softening of the action of the punitive apparatus, a sharp reduction in the non-public sector, and the strengthening of monopolistic phenomena in the economy led to the growth of illegal economic activities.
Common forms of illegal entrepreneurship have been identified, namely: household services, crafting, so-called "tsekhovyky", teams of unofficial seasonal workers, speculation, etc. Shadow activities also included fictitious accounting, violations in retail trade and public catering, etc. The main mechanisms of illegal entrepreneurship include, in particular, shadow redistribution and use of raw materials and materials, illegal production, illegal trade, unofficial currency circulation, conducting business activities using official powers or privileges and front persons, legalization of illegal income, corrupt actions against regulatory authorities, etc. The author identifies the positive and negative aspects of shadow business activities in the Soviet period.
It is established that the cause of the shadow economy in independent Ukraine is the deepening of negative trends inherited from the Soviet past. The basis of many shadow schemes was corruption in government bodies. Emphasized the importance of conducting a research dedicated to identifying the historical roots of the shadow economy, and to searching for proper means to reduce the level of shadowing in the modern economy.
Tempos formativos da Educação do Campo e a Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica
Authors: Da Silva Borges Heloisa , Borges da Silva Helena , Da Silva Carlos Augusto , De Souza e Souza Érica
Published: December 2024

O artigo apresenta a experiência realizada nos tempos formativos do Curso de Especialização em Educação do Campo – Práticas Pedagógicas, da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal do Amazonas (FACED/UFAM), no período de 2017 a 2018, no município de Iranduba/AM, na aplicabilidade da Teoria e da Didática da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica. Trata-se de um estudo realizado com 90 professores/as de 20 comunidades, distribuídas em três setores educacionais, Solimões, Rio Negro e Estrada, contando com o apoio da pesquisa bibliográfica fundamentada em Saviani (2019, 2021), Gasparin (2020), Galvão, Martins e Lavoura (2019), Caldart (2017), Oliveira (2017), entre outros, cujos estudos se baseiam na perspectiva materialista histórico-dialética. Os resultados apontam que tanto os/as formadores/as da UFAM quanto os/as professores/ as do campo de Iranduba vivenciaram um novo conhecimento científico na perspectiva da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica na Educação do Campo. Conclui-se com os encontros formativos que os/as professores/as desenvolveram na sala de aula a estrutura da proposta didática da Teoria Histórico-Crítica, que é composta por Prática Social (concreta) – Nível de Zona de Desenvolvimento Atual do Educando; Problematização, Instrumentalização, Catarse – Nível de Zona de Desenvolvimento Imediato do Educando; e Prática Social (concreto pensado) – Nível de Desenvolvimento Atual do Educando.
Az új generációs genomszekvenálás lehetséges helye a kutyaharapások kezelésében
Authors: Tóth Imre , Tóth Adrienn Gréta , Solymosi Norbert
Published: December 2024

Az antibiotikum-rezisztencia a modern orvoslás egyre több kihívást adó problémája. A kutyaharapás gyógyításának számos esetben elengedhetetlen része az antibiotikus kezelés. Az eredményes gyógyításhoz minél hamarabb ismerni kellene a kórokozókat és azok antibiotikum-érzékenységét. A jelenlegi módszerekkel – baktériumtenyésztés és antibiogram-készítés – napokba, akár hetekbe telhet, mire lelethez jutunk. A közben alkalmazott empirikus antibiotikum-kezelés újabb rezisztens törzseket szelektálhat ki. Az új generációs genomszekvenálással (NGS), illetve nanopore szekvenálással nyert genomszintű adatok gyors, teljes-körű mikrobiológiai lelet lehetőségét ígérik kutyaharapás esetében is. A harmadik generációs nanopore szekvenálás jövőbe mutató módszernek látszik a humán orvoslásban is a mikrobiológiai leletek elkészítésében.
Fejezetek az alkohológia tárgyköréből
Authors: Kalapos Miklós Péter
Published: December 2024

Az alkoholos ketoacidosis az alkoholfogyasztás és az éhezés metabolikus
szövődménye hyperglykaemia nélkül, amelyet alkoholfüggő betegeknél az italozás
felfüggesztésekor vagy tivornyázó alkoholfogyasztás után észlelnek. Az alkoholos
ketoacidosis rendszerint hányingerrel, hányással és hasi fájdalommal
jelentkezik, és számos szervrendszert érinthet. A kezelés nélküli alkoholos
ketoacidosis gyakran halálos. Kezelése komplex, és a hatékony és időben történő
terápia javítja az állapot kimenetelét; a hosszú távú prognózis szerint azonban
az alkoholos ketoacidosison átesett alkoholisták mégiscsak korábban meghalnak,
mint a nem italozók. A megfelelő kezelés után a beteget rehabilitációs programba
kell irányítani a visszaesés és az alkoholfogyasztásból adódó hosszú távú
visszafordíthatatlan károsodások megelőzése végett. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(49):
1927–1933.
Congenital malformation - diaphragmatic eventration in children: clinic, diagnosis and treatment tactics
Authors:   Center for neonatal surgery for malformations and their rehabilitation of SI « All-Ukrainian Center of Motherhood and Childhood of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», Kyiv, Sliepov O.K. , Danilov O.A. ,   Center for neonatal surgery for malformations and their rehabilitation of SI « All-Ukrainian Center of Motherhood and Childhood of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», Kyiv, Sliepov Ie.O. ,   Center for neonatal surgery for malformations and their rehabilitation of SI « All-Ukrainian Center of Motherhood and Childhood of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», Kyiv
Published: December 2024

The first scientific work in Ukraine to describe congenital diaphragmatic eventration (DE) in children.
Aim - to identify a group of children with congenital DE based on a retrospective study; to analyze the clinical course, diagnostic methods and therapeutic tactics in this pathology.
Materials and methods. A retrospective study of medical records of 28 children with congenital DE over the past 30 years who were undergoing inpatient examination and treatment in the clinic of pediatric surgery at the SI «Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after Academician O.M. Lukyanova of the NAMS of Ukraine». The following data were analyzed: age, sex, clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods, localization (and magnitude) of the eventration, associated anomalies, and treatment tactics: indications for conservative therapy and surgical correction.
Results. The study included 28 children aged from birth to 14 years, on average 39.1±38.7 months. There were 5 girls and 23 boys, with a ratio of 1:4.6. DE in 53.6% was left-sided, in 46.4% - right-sided. A diagnostic algorithm was created to identify DE, its complications and concomitant pathology. Therapeutic tactics for DE, indications for surgical treatment and dynamic monitoring were developed. Out of 28 children with DE, 18 were operated on.
Conclusions. Congenital DE occurred in children from the period of newborn to 14 years of age, predominantly in boys and was always unilateral. Clinical manifestations of DE were present in 60.7% of cases. Their onset was more frequent at birth or at 1 year of age. Respiratory disorders predominated, and gastrointestinal disorders were less common. The asymptomatic course of the defect was observed in 39.3% of patients. The developed diagnostic algorithm for DE included: X-ray, ultrasound, computed or magnetic resonance imaging and consultations with related specialists. Surgical treatment was indicated for the vast majority of children with DE.
The study was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of all the institutions mentioned in the work. Parental informed consent was obtained for the study.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Postnatal diagnosis and strategy of preoperative care for newborns and older children with sacrococcygeal teratomas
Authors:   Center for neonatal surgery for malformations and their rehabilitation of SI «Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.M. Lukyanova of the NAMS of Ukraine», Kyiv, Sliepov O.K. , Perederii O.V. ,   Center for neonatal surgery for malformations and their rehabilitation of SI «Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.M. Lukyanova of the NAMS of Ukraine», Kyiv
Published: December 2024

Aim - to determine the importance of postnatal diagnosis in the perinatal care of newborns, and older children with sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCT).
Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the medical records of 40 children with SCT who underwent surgical correction of the defect between 1981 and 2023 was performed. A study of the main criteria for postnatal diagnostic examination of newborns and older children with SCT was conducted.
Results. An algorithm for postnatal examination of newborns and older children with SCT has been developed. A classification of SCTs was developed, according to their size (volume), using postnatal ultrasound. Complicated forms of SCT in the preoperative period were diagnosed in 40% (n=16) of children. There were 2 cases of tumor recurrence. Survival after surgical correction of this pathology was 97.5% (n=39).
Conclusions. Delivery strategy and postnatal diagnosis are one of the main stages of perinatal care of newborns with sacrococcygeal teratomas and an important component of preoperative preparation of older children with SCT. The developed classification of SCTs according to their volume, when performing a postnatal ultrasound, has a prognostic importance in assessing the risk of developing SCT complications, depending on the volume of the tumor and its morphological structure. X-ray research methods provide a detailed description of the tumor process, contribute to effective management and the choice of optimal surgical tactics.
The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was approved by the local ethics committee of the institutions mentioned in the work. Parents' informed consent was obtained for children's participation in the study.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Integration of Multicultural Education in the ISMUBA Curriculum and Its Implementation in Learning
Authors: Mukarom Mukarom , Assaraj Qarashat Mohammed Shakir Ali
Published: December 2024

This study aims to explore the Multicultural education content in the ISMUBA curriculum and its implementation in learning at SMA Muhammadiyah 4 Bandung City. Using a qualitative descriptive method, the research describes conditions in curriculum documents and field observations related to learning. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using data triangulation by reducing, presenting, and concluding the data. The findings reveal that the ISMUBA curriculum, which is unique to educational institutions under Muhammadiyah, is an integrative-holistic modern Islamic education system developed to meet community needs. Based on decree 98/KEP/I.4/F/2017, the curriculum focuses on instilling faith, piety, and strong Islamic values, rooted in the Qur'an and Hadith. Multicultural education is embedded in the curriculum’s structure, process, teachers, and assessments. Implementation at SMA Muhammadiyah 4 involves face-to-face learning, habituation, structured and unstructured independent activities, fostering Islamic character, honesty, care, politeness, and responsibility.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pendidikan multikultural dalam kurikulum ISMUBA serta penerapannya dalam pembelajaran di SMA Muhammadiyah 4 Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini Menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, penelitian ini menggambarkan kondisi dalam dokumen kurikulum dan hasil observasi di lapangan terkait pembelajaran. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, serta dianalisis menggunakan triangulasi data dengan mereduksi, menyajikan, dan menarik kesimpulan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa kurikulum ISMUBA, yang merupakan kekhasan lembaga pendidikan di bawah naungan Muhammadiyah, adalah sistem pendidikan Islam modern yang integratif-holistik yang dikembangkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat. Berdasarkan SK 98/KEP/I.4/F/2017, kurikulum ini berfokus pada penanaman keimanan, ketakwaan, dan nilai-nilai Islam yang kuat, yang berakar pada Al-Qur'an dan Hadits. Pendidikan multikultural tercermin dalam struktur, proses, tenaga pengajar, dan penilaian dalam kurikulum tersebut. Penerapan di SMA Muhammadiyah 4 mencakup pembelajaran tatap muka, pembiasaan, tugas terstruktur, dan aktivitas mandiri yang tidak terstruktur, yang bertujuan membentuk karakter Islam, kejujuran, kepedulian, kesantunan, dan tanggung jawab.
Implementasi Pendidikan Akhlak Melalui Metode Pembiasaan Berkata Baik Pada Siswa SMP Al Amanah Cileunyi
Authors: Nurhamzah  , Nurdiana Agus
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh maraknya permasalahan siswa yang berkaitan dengan akhlak, khususnya dalam berbicara dan berinteraksi terhadap guru dan sesama teman. Oleh sebab itu, maksud dari pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi pendidikan akhlak melalui metode pembiasaan berkata baik pada siswa di SMP Al-Amanah Cileunyi. Pendekatan penelitian adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tiga  teknik yaitu observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian tentang implementasi pendidikan akhlak melalui metode pembiasaan berkata baik di SMP Al-Amanah Cileunyi menunjukan bahwa sudah terimpelemntasikannya pendidikan akhlak melalui pembiasaan berkata baik. Pembiasaan berkata baik di SMP Al-Amanah menekankan agar siswa selalu mengucapkan salam ketika masuk ke kelas dan ketika berpapasan dengan guru, tidak ragu untuk membiasakan mengucapkan maaf, tolong dan terima kasih terhadap sesama. Metode pembiasaan berkata baik di SMP Al-Amanah Cileunyi ditunjang dengan program-program pendukung seperti Perkembangan Kepribadian Muslim (PKM), Tafakur day dan program parenting.
Application of Problem-Solving Method for Understanding Al-Qur’an Memorization Difficulties in Elementary Students
Authors: Hasanah Hikmatul , Nurdiansyah Nano
Published: December 2024

This research aims to apply the Problem Solving method to overcome the difficulties of fifth grade students at SDN 126 Inpres Kariango in memorizing and understanding the main material of the Al-Quran. This Classroom Action Research (PTK) was carried out through three cycles involving planning, implementation, observation and reflection stages. The research results show that the Problem Solving method is effective in improving students' memorization abilities and deepening their understanding of the meaning of memorized verses. The application of this method also increases students' learning motivation, where students who were previously less motivated become more enthusiastic in memorizing and understanding the Al-Quran. Apart from that, there has been an increase in students' social skills, such as the ability to work together and communicate through group discussions which are part of the Problem Solving process. The implications of this research show that the Problem Solving method can be an effective alternative in learning to memorize the Quran, by providing space for students to think critically, independently, and understand the meaning of the verses in more depth. Teachers also play an important role as facilitators in guiding students in the problem solving process.
Evaluating Evidence-Based Ecosystems-Based Adaptation for Food Security Assembly (EBAFOSA) and Nasarawa State University (NSUK) Initiatives: Decarbonization, Clean Cooking Energy Promotion, and Cassava Food Chain Entrepreneurship in Nigeria
Authors: Munang Richard
Published: December 2024

Background: This article examines the enterprise-focused efforts of the Ecosystems-Based Adaptation for Food Security Assembly (EBAFOSA) and Nasarawa State University (NSUK) in decarbonizing the domestic energy sector, particularly in Nigeria, while drawing lessons applicable at the continental level.
Aims: The study aimed to assess the impact of EBAFOSA and NSUK initiatives on decarbonization, focusing on the adoption of clean cooking energy and entrepreneurship within the cassava food chain, with a particular emphasis on household engagement and economic outcomes.
Method(s): The research engaged up to 60 households in Nasarawa, Nigeria and evaluated the efficacy of interventions such as the displacement of charcoal with briquettes in cassava processing. Data collection involved assessing energy cost reductions, shifts in energy sources, and economic implications for local actors.
Results: Findings indicate significant reductions in household energy costs (by 2–3 times) and a notable transition from charcoal to briquettes among garri processors, with approximately 36 processors (representing a conversion rate of about 65%) adopting this cleaner energy source. This shift led to a 46% reduction in fuel costs for these actors.
Conclusions: The multifaceted issues faced by Africa’s decarbonization efforts serve as an opportunity to ignite innovation and foster significant change. Collaborations like NSUK and EBAFOSA and their innovative approaches to sustainable energy show the promise of scalable solutions.
Arvi pattern in the Northwest federal district during the COVID-19 pandemic (2021–2022)
Authors: Sharova A. A. , Sbarzaglia Valeriya A. , Gladkikh A. S. , Milichkina D. M. , Bachevskaya A. V. , Popova М. R. , Cherepanova E. A. , Dedkov V. G. , Totolian A. A.
Published: December 2024

Acute respiratory viral infections still remain a pressing health problem, causing both seasonal outbreaks and epidemics and global pandemics. The emergence of a new coronavirus infection has become a serious challenge, resulting in more than 776 million cases of disease and more than 7 million deaths worldwide, which could not but affect the circulation of existing seasonal pathogens. This paper provides a retrospective analysis of the structure of acute respiratory viral infections during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic using the example of a single subject (Northwestern Federal District) in the autumn-winter periods of 2021–2022, presents the dynamics of the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza in Russia and the Northwestern Federal District, cases of co-infections were identified and analyzed. It is shown that between 2021 and 2022, the accession of a new coronavirus infection increased the overall incidence of respiratory viral infections until August 2022, and the decrease in COVID-19 incidence by the end of 2022 compared with the incidence of other respiratory viruses. ARVI pathogens that circulated during the COVID-19 pandemic were identified, namely: influenza A virus, adenoviruses, seasonal coronaviruses, rhinoviruses, bocaviruses, respiratory syncytial virus and type 3 parainfluenza virus. The results of the study showed that influenza A virus, bocaviruses and respiratory syncytial virus are more often detected as monoinfections and can influence the spread of other respiratory viruses. While adenoviruses, rhinoviruses and type 3 parainfluenza viruses are most often found in the form of co-infection with COVID-19, which creates an additional viral load in patients and can complicate the course of the disease.