bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salinization and sedimentation drive contrasting assembly mechanisms of planktonic and sediment‐bound bacterial communities in agricultural streams
Authors: DeVilbiss Stephen E. , Taylor Jason M. , Hicks Matthew
Published: August 2023

Agriculture is the most dominant land use globally and is projected to increase in the future to support a growing human population but also threatens ecosystem structure and services. Bacteria mediate numerous biogeochemical pathways within ecosystems. Therefore, identifying linkages between stressors associated with agricultural land use and responses of bacterial diversity is an important step in understanding and improving resource management. Here, we use the Mississippi Alluvial Plain (MAP) ecoregion, a highly modified agroecosystem, as a case study to better understand agriculturally associated drivers of stream bacterial diversity and assembly mechanisms. In the MAP, we found that planktonic bacterial communities were strongly influenced by salinity. Tolerant taxa increased with increasing ion concentrations, likely driving homogenous selection which accounted for ~90% of assembly processes. Sediment bacterial phylogenetic diversity increased with increasing agricultural land use and was influenced by sediment particle size, with assembly mechanisms shifting from homogenous to variable selection as differences in median particle size increased. Within individual streams, sediment heterogeneity was correlated with bacterial diversity and a subsidy‐stress relationship along the particle size gradient was observed. Planktonic and sediment communities within the same stream also diverged as sediment particle size decreased. Nutrients including carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, which tend to be elevated in agroecosystems, were also associated with detectable shifts in bacterial community structure. Collectively, our results establish that two understudied variables, salinity and sediment texture, are the primary drivers of bacterial diversity within the studied agroecosystem, whereas nutrients are secondary drivers. Although numerous macrobiological communities respond negatively, we observed increasing bacterial diversity in response to agricultural stressors including salinization and sedimentation. Elevated taxonomic and phylogenetic bacterial diversity likely increases the probability of detecting community responses to stressors. Thus, bacteria community responses may be more reliable for establishing water quality goals within highly modified agroecosystems that have experienced shifting baselines.
A Framework for Moving Beyond Computational Reproducibility: Lessons from Three Reproductions of Geographical Analyses of COVID‐19
Authors: Kedron Peter , Bardin Sarah , Holler Joseph , Gilman Joshua , Grady Bryant , Seeley Megan , Wang Xin , Yang Wenxin
Published: August 2023

Despite recent calls to make geographical analyses more reproducible, formal attempts to reproduce or replicate published work remain largely absent from the geographic literature. The reproductions of geographic research that do exist typically focus on computational reproducibility—whether results can be recreated using data and code provided by the authors—rather than on evaluating the conclusion and internal validity and evidential value of the original analysis. However, knowing if a study is computationally reproducible is insufficient if the goal of a reproduction is to identify and correct errors in our knowledge. We argue that reproductions of geographic work should focus on assessing whether the findings and claims made in existing empirical studies are well supported by the evidence presented. We aim to facilitate this transition by introducing a model framework for conducting reproduction studies, demonstrating its use, and reporting the findings of three exemplar studies. We present three model reproductions of geographical analyses of COVID‐19 based on a common, open access template. Each reproduction attempt is published as an open access repository, complete with pre‐analysis plan, data, code, and final report. We find each study to be partially reproducible, but moving past computational reproducibility, our assessments reveal conceptual and methodological concerns that raise questions about the predictive value and the magnitude of the associations presented in each study. Collectively, these reproductions and our template materials offer a practical framework others can use to reproduce and replicate empirical spatial analyses and ultimately facilitate the identification and correction of errors in the geographic literature.
Preliminary Characterisation of New Reference Materials (CaW‐0, CaW‐1 and CaW‐3) for Microanalysis of Rare Earth Elements in Scheelite by Laser Ablation‐Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Yu , You Shiyong , Tan Fuwen , Shao Jianfeng , Zhou Jianzong , Zheng Tengfei , Yi Wenxian , Xia Ping , Jin Lanlan , Li Haitao , Wang Ruixiang , Wen Herui , Ke Yuqiu , Sun Yijian
Published: August 2023

In this work, we prepared three CaWO4 single crystals (CaW‐0, CaW‐1 and CaW‐3) doped with rare earth elements (REEs) at nominal mass fractions of 50, 250 and 5000 μg g‐1 using the Czochralski method. Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) were employed to evaluate the within‐ and between‐unit homogeneity of major elements and REEs, respectively. The within‐unit variation (sr) of 0.40–0.84% and between‐unit sr of 0.14–1.48% for major elements were obtained. Within‐ and between‐unit sr of 0.53–5.56% were also found for REEs by LA‐ICP‐MS spot analyses. A comparison of the sr of repeat analyses was compared with the analytical uncertainty (u), i.e., the mean square weighted deviation (MSWD), which is close to or slightly higher than 1, indicating that no obvious chemical heterogeneity was found in these crystals. Reference values for these elements were obtained through various analytical methods across four different laboratories and applications of the reference materials to calibrating REE mass fractions in a natural scheelite were performed. No significant difference of the results was found as t values are less than 2.75 at the 99% confidence interval. The excellent linearity (R2 > 0.98) between the REE mass fractions and both LA‐ICP‐MS signal intensity and wafer absorbance was found, but the crater height and the absolute mass transported into ICP‐MS decreased when REE mass fractions as well as the colour of crystals increased. These results suggest that the reference materials have the potential to calibrate REE mass fractions in natural scheelite.
How voice transition and gender identity disclosure shape perceptions of trans men in the hiring process
Authors: Fasoli Fabio , Frost David M. , Serdet Harley
Published: August 2023

Trans men often face discrimination in the hiring process. However, it remains unclear whether the disclosure of gender identity and perceived masculinity during transition play a role in first impressions and perceived job suitability of trans male applicants. Across two studies (N = 332), we examined how cisgender heterosexual participants perceived a transgender male candidate in terms of his masculinity and whether they judged him suitable for a stereotypically masculine job. Such judgments were first based on the candidate's voice at different stages of gender transition and, secondly, after disclosure of gender identity in the job application form. In Study 1, participants judged a trans man at the beginning of the voice transition (3 months on testosterone) or a trans man in advanced transitioning (1 year on testosterone). Study 2 involved the judgments of the same trans men at different times in the voice transition (1 week—beginning, 6 months—intermediate, and 1 year—advanced). Masculinity judgments were influenced by voice transitioning, but judgments were adjusted after his gender identity was disclosed. Disclosure created an advantage in perception of the trans man candidate as more suitable for the role, especially when he was at the beginning of the voice transition when his voice was not perceived as masculine. Findings are discussed in relation to trans men's employability and identity disclosure.
Pre‐operative synovial hyperaemia in haemophilia patients undergoing total knee replacement and the effects of genicular artery embolization: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Foppen Wouter , van der Schaaf Irene C. , van Leeuwen Flora H. P. , Verlind David H. , van Vulpen Lize F. D. , Vogely H. Charles , Barentsz Maarten W.
Published: August 2023

Aim

Haemophilia is characterized by recurrent joint bleeding caused by a lack of clotting factor VIII or IX. Due to repeated joint bleeding, end‐stage arthropathy occurs in relatively young patients. A total knee replacement (TKR) can be a solution. However, TKR may be complicated by perioperative and postoperative bleeds despite clotting factor therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of pre‐operative synovial hyperaemia and the effects of Genicular Artery Embolization on synovial hyperaemia and 3‐month postoperative joint bleeding.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, all patients with haemophilia who underwent periarticular catheter angiography between 2009 and 2020 were evaluated after written informed consent. Synovial hyperaemia on angiography was scored by an interventional radiologist.

Results

Thirty‐three angiography procedures in 24 patients were evaluated. Median age was 54.4 years (IQR 48.4–65.9). Preoperative synovial hyperaemia was observed in 21/33 joints (64%). Moderate and severe synovial hyperaemia was observed in 10/33 joints (30%). Synovial hyperaemia decreased in 13/15 (87%) joints after embolization. Three‐month postoperative joint bleeding occurred in 5/32 joints: in 2/18 joints (11%) without synovial hyperaemia and in 3/14 joints (21%) with mild synovial hypertrophy. Non‐embolized and embolized joints did not differ regarding 3‐month postoperative bleeding (P = .425). No complications were observed after embolization.

Conclusion

One‐third of patients with haemophilia requiring a TKR had moderate or severe synovial hyperaemia which can be reduced safely by Genicular Artery Embolization prior to TKR. Three‐month postoperative bleeding appears to occur independently of the presence of residual mild synovial hyperaemia.
Inhibitory effect of naringenin on Nε‐(carboxymethyl) lysine during cooking of meatballs
Authors: Aydemir Mehmet Emin , Kılıç Altun Serap , Takım Kasım
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of naringenin (Ngn) on Nε‐(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) inhibition during the cooking of meatballs. In addition, to determine the relationship of CML formation in meatballs with TBARS and pH. For this purpose, CML, TBARS, pH, and sensory analyses were performed by cooking the meatballs in which Ngn was added at different rates and storing them at 4 ± 1 °C for 16 days, by cooking them at 250 °C for 10 min at intervals of 4 days. The amount of CML in the meatballs was 13.74 ± 0.73–14.29 ± 0.56 on day 0 and between 15.24 ± 0.12 and 18.15 ± 0.43 μg g−1 on day 16. TBARS values of the meatballs were between 1.55 ± 0.21 and 1.78 ± 0.17 on day 0 and between 2.54 ± 0.28 and 3.28 ± 0.47 mg MDA kg−1 on day 16. It was determined that there was a difference between the groups containing Ngn and the control group in terms of smell and general taste on the 8th storage day and in the general taste on the 12th storage day. As a result, it was determined that the addition of naringenin to the meatball composition inhibited the formation of CML in the meatballs, slowed the oxidation rate, and did not adversely affect the sensory properties. Thus, it can be emphasised that adding naringenin to meatballs will add functional properties to meatballs and turn them into a more beneficial product for human health. This research provides valuable references and guidelines for the safety of fried foods based on the control of advanced glycation end products (AGEs).
Proton pump inhibitors and the risk of acquiring a penicillin allergy label
Authors: Al‐Obaydi Sarah , Popadiuk Catherine A. , Al‐Shaikhly Taha
Published: August 2023

The negative consequences of having a penicillin allergy label are well established. Penicillin allergy de‐labelling improves healthcare outcomes; however, less attention is paid to modifying risk factors leading to penicillin allergy development. In this propensity score‐matched retrospective cohort study, we used a de‐identified population‐based database (TriNetX Research Network) and examined the 30‐day risk of acquiring a penicillin allergy label in patients using proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). We demonstrated a higher risk of acquiring a penicillin allergy label among PPI users compared to controls.
Multicenter effect analysis of one‐step acellular dermis combined with autologous ultra‐thin split thickness skin composite transplantation in treating burn and traumatic wounds
Authors: Chen Lei , Yang Jing , Wang De‐yun , Jiang Jun‐mei , Zhang Bao‐de , Zhao Zun‐jiang , Chen Xu‐Lin , Lv Da‐lun
Published: August 2023

To evaluate the efficacy of one‐step acellular dermis combined with autologous split thickness skin grafting in the treatment of burn or trauma wounds by a multicenter controlled study. In patients with extensive burns, it is even difficult to repair the wounds due to the shortage of autologous skin. The traditional skin grafting method has the disadvantages of large damage to the donor site, insufficient skin source and unsatisfactory appearance, wear resistance and elasticity of the wound tissue after skin grafting. One‐step acellular dermis combined with autologous ultra‐thin split thickness skin graft can achieve better healing effect in the treatment of burn and trauma wounds. A total of 1208 patients who underwent single‐layer skin grafting and one‐step composite skin grafting in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhan Third People's Hospital and Lu ‘an People's Hospital from 2019 to 2022 were retrospectively analysed. The total hospitalization cost, total operation cost, hospitalization days after surgery, wound healing rate after 1 week of skin grafting and scar follow‐up at 6 months after discharge were compared and studied. The total cost of hospitalization and operation in the composite skin grafting group was significantly higher than those in the single‐layer autologous skin grafting group. The wound healing rate after 1 week of skin grafting and the VSS score of scar in the follow‐up of 6 months after discharge were better than those in the single‐layer skin grafting group. One‐step acellular dermis combined with autologous ultra‐thin split thickness skin graft has high wound healing rate, less scar, smooth appearance and good elasticity in repairing burn and trauma wounds, which can provide an ideal repair method for wounds.
Transient melt formation and its effect on conversion phenomena during nuclear waste vitrification – HT‐ESEM analysis
Authors: Pokorný Richard , Vernerová Miroslava , Kloužek Jaroslav , Cincibusová Petra , Kohoutková Martina , Pezl Radek , Ferkl Pavel , Hrma Pavel , Podor Renaud , Schuller Sophie , Kruger Albert A.
Published: August 2023

Although the vitrification of nuclear waste has a decades‐long history, numerous opportunities still exist to improve its efficiency and to increase the waste loading in glass. This is especially true for the vitrification of low‐activity waste (LAW), which has been historically treated by other immobilization technologies and is less mature than high‐level waste (HLW) vitrification. In this work, we address one of the least understood phenomena during the conversion of nuclear waste feeds to glass—the formation of molten salt and transient glass‐forming melt. Using high‐temperature environmental scanning electron microscopy (HT‐ESEM) in combination with X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, and evolved gas analysis, we have analyzed the complex chemical reactions and phase transitions as they occur during melting of representative HLW and LAW melter feeds. We evaluated the compositions of amorphous phases and the fractions of salt components, and estimated the fractions of molten salt phases present in the feeds as a function of temperature. We show that the maximum fraction of molten salts is ∼4 % and ∼28 % during HLW and LAW feed melting, respectively, and discuss the possibility of molten salt migration in LAW feeds. We also argue that the presence of significant fractions of molten salt phase can hinder the retention of rhenium (and, hence, radioactive technetium), and discuss how the properties of molten salt phase and transient glass‐forming melt are related to primary foam formation and behavior. Finally, we summarize key unanswered questions requiring further research to increase the understanding of the conversion process and enhance the nuclear waste vitrification efficiency.
Time to re‐envisage culturally responsive care: Intersection of participatory health research and implementation science
Authors: Markey K. , Macfarlane A. , Manning M.
Published: August 2023

Aim

In the context of widening societal diversity, culturally and linguistically diverse patients continue to experience inequities in healthcare access and deficiencies in standards of nursing care. Re‐framing culturally responsive care as a complex intervention spanning multiple interacting factors at micro, meso and macro levels is an essential prerequisite for addressing knowledge translation gaps into everyday nursing practice. To this end, this paper proposes and explicates the potential of applying synergistic participatory implementation methodologies for developing effective implementation strategies with impact at individual and wider structural levels.

Design

Discussion Paper.

Data Sources

A co‐design case study is presented as an example of combining normalization process theory and participatory learning and action to investigate and support the implementation of culturally responsive care in general practice nursing.

Implications for Nursing

Enacting culturally responsive health care is inherently complex in that it is influenced by multiple interacting factors. Viewing culturally responsive care as a complex intervention and incorporating a synergistic participatory implementation science approach offers possibilities for addressing the documented shortcomings in the implementation of culturally responsive nursing care.

Conclusion

There is a need to move away from conventional approaches to conceptualizing and generating evidence on culturally responsive care. Incorporating participatory implementation methodologies can provide a new lens to investigate and support whole system implementation strategies.

Impact

The combination of participatory and implementation methodologies is both theoretically and empirically informed. Engaging stakeholders in the co‐design and co‐production of evidence and solutions to long standing problems has the potential to increase the likelihood of influencing iterative and sustainable implementation and changes to clinical practice and systems.

Patient or Public Contribution

This work is part of a wider programme of participatory health research on migrant health, partnering with a non‐governmental organization that supports migrants.
Tertiary transfer effect (TTE) of contact with sexual minorities in a sample of Colombian heterosexual and gay participants
Authors: Navarro María Camila , Chamorro Coneo Ana María , Quiroz Molinares Nathalia , Mebarak Moisés , De los Reyes Aragón Carlos , Barrientos‐Delgado Jaime
Published: August 2023

Contact with sexually diverse people predicts attitude transformation towards the whole group membership (i.e., the primary transfer effect) and may potentially generalize to other group memberships (i.e., The secondary transfer effect). However, the effect of contact may extend beyond this known attitudinal transformation, comprising also cognitive growth and likely impact other types of psychological outcomes or Tertiary Transfer Effect (TTE). This study used a cross‐sectional design with a convenient sample of respondents of gay (N = 320) and heterosexual (N = 320) sexual orientation to test whether the relationship between contact with sexual minorities and well‐being was accounted for by positive stereotype content and cognitive flexibility. Mediation analyses corroborated a small but significant indirect effect of positive stereotype content and cognitive flexibility sequentially, within the relationship between contact and well‐being, both in heterosexual and gay participants. Thus, partially supporting the hypothesized TTE of contact in this sample. The study of TTE is still in its infancy, future research would benefit from exploring the effect of contact as a promising tool to promote psychological well‐being in both parts involved within the social exchange. It may be profitable for anti‐prejudice efforts to incorporate this generalization principle to expand the reach of inclusion programs targeting sexual minorities.
Right‐wing authoritarianism and anti‐Asian prejudice in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States
Authors: Womick Jake , King Laura A.
Published: August 2023

Drawing upon existing theory, the current research tested whether people high on right‐wing authoritarianism were predisposed to endorse prejudice in reaction to anxiety arising from the threat posed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. In Study 1 (N = 3009), we found that among people high on right‐wing authoritarianism, pandemic anxiety predicted a stronger endorsement of prejudice toward Asian Americans, who had been (inaccurately) associated with the spread of COVID‐19. Preregistered Study 2 (N = 947) addressed the methodological limitations of Study 1 and replicated these findings at a later period in the pandemic. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Investigating the impact of a gamified learning analytics dashboard: Student experiences and academic achievement
Authors: Alam Md. I. , Malone Lauren , Nadolny Larysa , Brown Michael , Cervato Cinzia
Published: August 2023

Background

The substantial growth in gamification research has connected gamified learning to enhanced engagement, improved performance, and greater motivation. Similar to gamification, personalized learning analytics dashboards can enhance student engagement.

Objectives

This study explores the student experiences and academic achievements using a gamified dashboard in a large, introductory STEM course.

Methods

We examined two groups of students enrolled in different sections of a one‐semester‐long physical geology course with a total enrollment of 223 students. The only difference between the groups was that one had access to the dashboard. The data collection included students' assignments, overall performances, and exam scores. Students in both sections completed a Science Literacy Concept Inventory survey at the beginning and end of the term. Additionally, students completed an end‐of‐term survey containing open‐ended questions on their experience and interactions with specific elements.

Results

Students shared mostly positive comments about their experience with the dashboard, and the final grade of students with access to the dashboard was 13% higher, on average, compared to their peers in the non‐dashboard section.

Conclusion

With low costs and little time invested, gamified dashboards could have a significant impact on student performance in large STEM lecture courses.
Left bundle branch area pacing for heart failure patients requiring cardiac resynchronization therapy: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Jin Chengyue , Dai Qiying , Li Pengyang , Lam Patrick , Cha Yong‐Mei
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBP) is a novel conduction system pacing method to achieve effective physiological pacing and an alternative to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with biventricular pacing (BVP) for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). We conduted this meta‐analysis and systemic review to review current data comparing BVP and LBBP in patients with HFrEF and indications for CRT.

Methods

We searched PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from the inception of the database to November 2022. All studies that compared LBBP with BVP in patients with HFrEF and indications for CRT were included. Two reviewers performed study selection, data abstraction, and risk of bias assessment. We calculated risk ratios (RRs) with the Mantel–Haenszel method and mean difference (MD) with inverse variance using random effect models. We assessed heterogeneity using the I2 index, with I2 > 50% indicating significant heterogeneity.

Results

Ten studies (9 observational studies and 1 randomized controlled trial; 616 patients; 15 centers) published between 2020 and 2022 were included. We observed a shorter fluoroscopy time (MD: 9.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.49–14.87, I2 = 95%, p < .01, minutes) as well as a shorter procedural time (MD 33.68, 95% CI: 17.80–49.55, I2 = 73%, p < .01, minutes) during the implantation of LBBP CRT compared to conventional BVP CRT. LBBP was shown to have a greater reduction in QRS duration (MD 25.13, 95% CI: 20.06–30.20, I2 = 51%, p < .01, milliseconds), a greater left ventricular ejection fraction improvement (MD: 5.80, 95% CI: 4.81–6.78, I2 = 0%, p < .01, percentage), and a greater left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter reduction (MD: 2.11, 95% CI: 0.12–4.10, I2 = 18%, p = .04, millimeter). There was a greater improvement in New York Heart Association function class with LBBP (MD: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.05–0.68, I2 = 61%, p = .02). LBBP was also associated with a lower risk of a composite of heart failure hospitalizations (HFH) and all‐cause mortality (RR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.25–0.90, I2 = 0%, p = .02) driven by reduced HFH (RR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.19–0.82, I2 = 0%, p = .01). However, all‐cause mortality rates were low in both groups (1.52% vs. 1.13%) and similar (RR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.21–4.68, I2 = 0%, p = .87).

Conclusion

This meta‐analysis of primarily nonrandomized studies suggests that LBBP is associated with a greater improvement in left ventricular systolic function and a lower rate of HFH compared to BVP. There was uniformity of these findings in all of the included studies. However, it would be premature to conclude based solely on the current meta‐analysis alone, given the limitations stated. Dedicated, well‐designed, randomized controlled trials and observational studies are needed to elucidate better the comparative long‐term efficacy and safety of LBBP CRT versus BIV CRT.
Commentary: Mind the blip in the curve when assessing educational attainment in youths – a reflection on Wickersham et al. (2023)
Authors: Rimvall Martin Køster , Wesselhoeft Rikke
Published: August 2023

Dr. Wickersham et al.'s study linked educational and health records providing important knowledge on educational trajectories in youths with mental disorders. They found that youths diagnosed with depression prior to age 18 were more likely to have a decline in educational attainment over time than youths without depression. Furthermore, educational attainment trajectories showed some specificity with different patterns between youths with depression and youths with neurodevelopmental disorders. In this commentary, we highlight the clinical implications of these findings, showing that low or declining educational attainment in youths might serve as a marker for psychopathology, providing the opportunity to identify youths that could benefit from coordinated interventions across diagnostic boundaries.
Moving towards more sustainable diets: Is there potential for a personalised approach in practice?
Authors: Davies Katie P. , Gibney Eileen R. , O'Sullivan Aifric M.
Published: August 2023

Discourse on the relationship between food production, healthy eating and sustainability has become increasingly prominent and controversial in recent years. Research groups often take one perspective when reporting on sustainable diets, and several often neglect considerations for the multiple aspects that make a diet truly sustainable, such as cultural acceptability, differences in nutritional requirements amongst the population and the efficiency of long‐term dietary change. Plant‐based diets are associated with lower greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) and have been linked with better health outcomes, including lower risk of diet‐related chronic disease. However, foods associated with higher GHGE, such as lean red meat, fish and dairy, have beneficial nutritional profiles and contribute significantly to micronutrient intakes. Some research has shown that diets associated with lower GHGE can be less nutritionally adequate. Several countries now include sustainability recommendations in dietary guidelines but use vague language such as “increase” or “consume regularly” when referring to plant‐based foods. General population‐based nutrition advice has poor adherence and does not consider differences in nutritional needs. Although modelling studies show potential to significantly reduce environmental impact with dietary changes, personalising such dietary recommendations has not been studied. Adapting recommendations to the individual through reproducible methods of personalised nutrition has been shown to lead to more favourable and longer‐lasting dietary changes compared to population‐based nutrition advice. When considering sustainable healthy dietary guidelines, personalised feedback may increase the acceptability, effectiveness and nutritional adequacy of the diet. A personalised approach has the potential for delivering a new structure of more sustainable healthy food‐based dietary guidelines. This review evaluates the potential to develop personalised sustainable healthy food‐based dietary guidelines and discusses potential implications for policy and practice.
Effects of a health versus hedonic mindset on daily‐life snacking behaviour
Authors: Pimpini Leonardo , Franssen Sieske , Reber Philipp , Jansen Anita , Roefs Anne
Published: August 2023

Background

In today's obesogenic environment high‐caloric palatable foods are omnipresent, making it hard for many to reach and maintain a healthy body weight. This study investigates the effects of a health versus hedonic mindset on daily‐life snacking behaviour. The hypothesis is that a health mindset leads to reduced snacking behaviour compared to a hedonic mindset. This effect is expected to be most pronounced with high dietary restraint and least pronounced with high trait self‐control.

Methods

For 3 weeks, degree of craving and amount of snacks that were craved and consumed were assessed four times a day, using smartphone Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). A total of 111 female participants (body mass index range: 20–23.5) were randomly assigned to a 1‐week health (n = 53) or hedonic (n = 58) mindset, occurring in week 2 of the EMA protocol. The mindset manipulations consisted of text messages, focusing either on the enjoyment of tasty food (hedonic) or on healthy living and eating (health).

Results

contrary to our hypotheses, mindset did not affect snacking behaviour. Instead, degree of craving and intake of snacks reduced significantly over time, not moderated by mindset, dietary restraint (Restraint Scale) or trait self‐control (Brief Self‐Control Scale). Importantly, this was not due to reduced compliance. Possibly, the reduced craving and snacking behaviour were due to monitoring and/or socially desirable answering tendencies. Additional time point analyses showed that craving was strongest in the late afternoon (3:30–5:00 PM), and‐across mindset conditions‐degree of craving correlated negatively with trait self‐control.

Conclusions

future studies could manipulate degree of monitoring and design individually tailored manipulations.
Relationship standards and Malay Muslim couples' marital satisfaction
Authors: Nordin Noratthiah , Halford William Kim , Barlow Fiona K. , Mastor Khairul A.
Published: August 2023

Relationship standards are beliefs about what is important in high‐quality couple relationships. Clarifying standards cross‐culturally informs theory about relationship quality and goals for culturally appropriate couple therapy. The current study assessed four standards (Couple Bond, Family Responsibility, Relationship Effort, and Religion) in n = 113 Malay Muslim couples, and the association of those standards with marital satisfaction. All four standards were strongly endorsed, Religion was the most strongly endorsed, and there were minimal sex differences. Separate actor–partner interdependence models showed actor effects of all four standards on own satisfaction for husbands and wives, partner effects of three of the four husbands' standards (not Relationship Effort) on wives' satisfaction, but no partner effects of female standards on male satisfaction. The findings underscore the importance of all four standards in Malay Muslim marriages and that attention to all these standards might need to be part of couple therapy with Malay couples.
The application of microwaves in axillary hyperhidrosis: Curative effect observation of a pathological examination over 1 year
Authors: Tan Yaxin , Huang Wanxiao , Liu Jianmeng , Duan Zhiyi , He Xiaolin , Li Qiongyan , Yang Zhi
Published: August 2023

Background

In Asia, axillary hyperhidrosis is a frequent problem for many people, and the consequent excessive sweating can seriously affect many aspects of daily life and even lead to mental disorders. Microwave therapy is a new, non‐invasive treatment method for axillary hyperhidrosis, whose energy and long‐term effectiveness still needs to be clinically validated.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety, histological changes, and psychological status of microwave devices in the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis and osmidrosis.

Method

We conducted a prospective self‐controlled study in a top‐tier Chinese hospital. After a 5/5 energy treatment session, a skin biopsy was taken to observe histological changes both before and after treatment. An iodine starch test was used to determine the sweating range. We evaluated symptoms of improved efficacy using the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) and assessed changes in life status with the DLQI. In the case of concurrent underarm odor, odor‐5, VAS, and Young‐Jin Park grading were used to assess odor relief. The effect of odor on psychology was assessed by using a psychological status symptom checklist (scl‐90). The study period was 1 year.

Results

We observed 20 patients in this study. Of those, 90% met the primary treatment endpoint of a decrease in axillary hyperhidrosis symptomatology to below grade 2 on the HDSS score (p < 0.001). Furthermore, 75% of patients achieved a treatment endpoint of at least 50% reduction in VAS (p < 0.001). 70% of patients achieved a treatment endpoint of at least 50% reduction in odor‐5 (p < 0.001). The iodine starch test showed that the region decreased 99% from the baseline to 12 months after follow‐up had ended (p < 0.001). Eight patients volunteered to undergo histological examination; their average light density of immunohistochemistry decreased from 1.04 (0.4–2.11) to 0.07 (0.04–0.46; p < 0.05). The immunohistochemical positive number for sweat glands was initially 104 (59.75–132.5) but was 41.5 (29.75–62) after the procedure. None of the patients experienced any serious adverse reactions.

Conclusion

The treatment demonstrated high effectiveness, safety, and short‐lived adverse reactions.
Sesamin attenuates UVA‐induced keratinocyte injury via inhibiting ASK‐1‐JNK/p38 MAPK pathways
Authors: Li Hailong , Zhu Lijian , Weng Zhiwei , Fu Hangjie , Liu Jinyuan , Mao Qingqing , Li Wenxia , Ding Bin , Cao Yi
Published: August 2023

Background

Ultraviolet (UV) exposure‐stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in keratinocytes is a crucial factor in skin aging. Phytochemicals have become widely popular for protecting the skin from UV‐induced cell injury. Sesamin (SSM) has been shown to play a role in extensive pharmacological activity and exhibit photoprotective effects.

Aim

To assess the protective effect of SSM on UVA‐irradiated keratinocytes and determine its potential antiphotoaging effect.

Methods

HaCaT keratinocytes pretreated with SSM were exposed to UVA radiation at 8 J/cm2 for 10 min. Cell viability and oxidative stress indicators were evaluated using a cell counting kit‐8 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay kits. Apoptosis and intracellular ROS levels were analyzed using annexin V‐fluorescein isothiocyanate/propyridine iodide and dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining, respectively. Protein levels of matrix metalloprotein‐1 (MMP‐1), MMP‐9, Bax/Bcl‐2, and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway proteins, phospho‐apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase‐1 (p‐ASK‐1)/ASK‐1, phospho‐c‐Jun N‐terminal protein kinase (p‐JNK)/JNK, and p‐p38/p38 were determined using western blotting.

Results

Sesamin showed no cytotoxicity until 160 μmol/L on human keratinocytes. Sesamin pretreatment (20 and 40 μM) reversed the suppressed cell viability, increased LDH release and MDA content, decreased cellular antioxidants GSH and SOD, and elevated intracellular ROS levels, which were induced by UVA irradiation. Additionally, SSM inhibited the expression of Bax, MMP‐1, and MMP‐9 and stimulated Bcl‐2 expression. In terms of the regulatory mechanisms, we demonstrated that SSM inhibits the phosphorylation of ASK‐1, JNK, and p38.

Conclusion

The results suggest that SSM attenuates UVA‐induced keratinocyte injury by inhibiting the ASK‐1‐JNK/p38 MAPK pathways.
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2: Current understanding, challenges, and future perspectives
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi , Matsubara Sho , Yoshimoto Chiharu , Shigetomi Hiroshi , Imanaka Shogo
Published: August 2023

Aim

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2) is a structural homolog of tissue factor pathway inhibitor 1 (TFPI1). Since TFPI2 is a placenta‐derived protein, dynamic changes in TFPI2 levels may be related to pregnancy‐related diseases. Furthermore, TFPI2 has been reported to be a novel serum biomarker for detecting ovarian cancer, especially clear cell carcinoma (CCC). This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the biological function of TFPI2, highlight the major challenges that remain to be addressed, and discuss future research directions.

Methods

Papers published up to March 31, 2023 in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases were included in this review. We also provide novel complementary information to what is known about the action of TFPI2.

Results

Since TFPI2 concentrations in the blood of pregnant women, preeclampsia patients, and cancer patients vary greatly, its pathophysiological functions have attracted attention. Downregulation of TFPI2, a tumor‐suppressor gene, by hypermethylation may contribute to the progression of several cancers. On the other hand, TFPI2 overexpressed in CCC is a risk factor for the development of thrombosis, possibly through inhibition of plasmin activity. However, agreement on the biological function of TFPI2 is still lacking and there are many scientific questions to be addressed. In particular, the lack of international standardization for the quantification of TFPI2 concentrations makes it difficult for researchers and clinicians to evaluate, pool, and compare data from different studies across countries.

Discussion

This review summarizes current understandings and challenges in TFPI2 research and discusses future perspectives.
Religious Ethics and its Publics
Authors: Stalnaker Aaron
Published: August 2023

Past discussions of the public role of religious ethics scholarship have tended to focus on the propriety of religious argumentation in the public square. Rather than critiquing or vindicating such public engagement by explicitly religious thinkers, this essay recommends broader public engagement by scholars of comparatively oriented religious ethics, exploring why this goal is worthwhile, some possible objections, and various models of how it might be accomplished.
Chinese red wine and cheese pairings: A preliminary study of consumer perception using check‐all‐that‐apply and hedonic tests
Authors: Li Runxin , He Wenmeng
Published: August 2023

Food and wine pairing has been studied in marketing, sensory science, and hospitality fields to evaluate the gastronomic experience of consumers. In this study, three Chinese red wines (Cabernet Gernischt: CG, Marselan: MS, and Vitis amurensis Rupr: VR) were paired with two French cheeses (Brie and Camembert) and two Chinese cheeses [sweet cheese (SWC) and salty cheese (SAC)]. The physicochemical properties of wines and cheeses were determined. Also, sensory profiles of wine and cheese samples were collected using 100 participants by a check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) test, and the ideal pairing of wines and cheeses was evaluated using hedonic, flavor intensity, and body‐to‐body relationship tests. The results showed that VR wine presented a sweet flavor and full body. MS and CG wines have a strong, bitter taste and a hot and rough mouthfeel than VR wine. The flavors of Camembert and Brie cheeses were richer and more complex than those of SWC and SAC. The textures of Camembert and Brie were elastic, smooth, creamy, fatty, and soft. VR wine enhanced consumer preference for all four types of cheeses (each combination liking score is more than six). Wine characteristics were suppressed and not enhanced by pairing with cheese. The ideal pair evaluation in terms of flavor intensity and body‐to‐body relationship confirmed that wines dominated these two aspects for cheese‐wine pairs.

Practical Applications

CATA questions conducted with consumers are popular to profile and characterize food and beverage products. This investigation helps validate CATA method applications in food and wine pairing areas. In addition, the hedonic, flavor intensity, and body‐to‐body tests of Chinese wine and Chinese cheese pairing are helpful in promoting the development of the Chinese wine and cheese industry. The findings provide future research directions in pairing principles of food and beverages.
Biliary atresia and liver transplantation in the United States: A contemporary analysis
Authors: Anouti Ahmad , Patel Madhukar S. , VanWagner Lisa B. , Lee William M. , Fung John J. , Cholankeril George , Hwang Christine S. , Mufti Arjmand R. , Tujios Shannan , Kerr Thomas , Rich Nicole E. , Louissaint Jeremy , Desai Dev M. , Vagefi Parsia A. , Hanish Steven , Shah Jigesh , Singal Amit G. , Cotter Thomas G.
Published: August 2023

Background

Biliary atresia (BA) remains the number one indication for paediatric liver transplantation (LT) worldwide but is an uncommon indication for older LT recipients. The impact of recent donor allocation changes, pervasive organ shortage and evolving LT practices on the BA LT population is unknown.

Methods

We identified patients who underwent LT between January 2010 and December 2021 using the UNOS database. We compared clinical outcomes between patients with BA and those with non‐BA cholestatic liver disease. Groups were stratified by age, <12 years (allocated via PELD system) and ≥12 years (allocated via MELD system). Waitlist outcomes were compared using competing‐risk regression analysis, graft survival rates were compared using Kaplan–Meier time‐to‐event analysis and Cox proportional hazards modelling provided adjusted estimates.

Results

There were 2754 BA LT waitlist additions and 2206 BA LTs (1937 <12 years [younger], 269 ≥12 years [older]). There were no differences in waitlist mortality between BA and non‐BA cholestatic patients. Among BA LT recipients, there were 441 (20.0%) living‐donor liver transplantations (LDLT) and 611 (27.7%) split deceased‐donor LTs. Five‐year graft survival was significantly higher among BA versus non‐BA cholestatic patients in the older group (88.3% vs. 79.5%, p < .01) but not younger group (89.3% vs. 89.5%). Among BA LT recipients, improved graft outcomes were associated with LDLT (vs. split LT: HR: 2, 95% CI: 1.03–3.91) and higher transplant volume (volume >100 vs. <40 BA LTs: HR: 3.41, 95% CI: 1.87–6.2).

Conclusion

Liver transplant outcomes among BA patients are excellent, with LDLT and higher transplant centre volume associated with optimal graft outcomes.
Tspan15‐ADAM10 signalling enhances cancer stem cell‐like properties and induces chemoresistance via Notch1 activation in ICC
Authors: Yoshizumi Arihito , Kuboki Satoshi , Takayashiki Tsukasa , Takano Shigetsugu , Takayanagi Ryosuke , Sonoda Itaru , Ohtsuka Masayuki
Published: August 2023

Background & Aims

Notch1 activation promotes ICC progression and is associated with chemoresistance; however, therapies directly targeting Notch1 showed severe adverse effects. Notch1 activation is mediated by ADAM10, a molecular scissor that separates the target protein from its substrates in the cell membrane. Tspan15 regulates ADAM10 function, but the role of Tspan15 in ICC progression is unclear.

Methods

Tspan15, ADAM10, and Notch1 expression and activation in fresh surgical specimens from 80 ICC patients and ICC cells were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, RT‐PCR, western blotting, and flow cytometry.

Results

Tspan15 expression was increased in ICC compared with adjacent liver tissue, and high Tspan15 expression was an independent factor for poor prognosis. In ICC with high Tspan15 expression, vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, and haematogenous recurrence were increased. Tspan15 was co‐expressed with ADAM10 in ICC, and associated with the expression of stemness and EMT markers. In ICC cells, Tspan15 induced ADAM10 activation by mediating the translocation of activated m‐ADAM10 from the cytoplasm to the surface of the cell membrane, which further activated Notch1 by separating the intracellular domain of Notch1 from its extracellular domain, leading to enhancement of CSC‐like properties and EMT. This signalling was associated with enhanced chemoresistance against gemcitabine and cisplatin. Inhibition of Tspan15 or ADAM10 is a promising therapeutic strategy in ICC, as Tspan15 or ADAM10 knockdown or treatment with ADAM10 inhibitor reduced chemoresistance and invasiveness by suppressing Notch1‐mediated CSC‐like properties and EMT.

Conclusions

Tspan15‐ADAM10‐Notch1 signalling is associated with aggressive tumour progression and poor prognosis in ICC.
Categorical versus gradient grammar in phonotactics
Authors: Alves Fernando C.
Published: August 2023

Within the past 2 decades, probabilistic grammars have been put forward in the study of phonotactics as a necessary device to model gradient acceptability of lexical forms. This implicitly suggests that categorical grammars cannot even in principle account for such gradience. Most importantly, influential research has proposed that grammatical forms described by categorical grammars could be simply understood as by‐products of probabilistic thresholds. Therefore, either implicitly or explicitly, categorical grammars are painted as not only empirically insufficient but also theoretically and formally redundant by this interpretation of probabilistic grammars in the domain of phonotactics. This paper provides a general overview of this recent debate and argues against the standard threshold interpretation for probabilistic grammars based on mathematical results, explicit axiomatic principles, and recent experimental evidence. In its place, I propose an interpretation for gradient grammars that solves apparent inconsistencies, combines the two types of grammar, accommodates previous technical contributions and data, and establishes a clear theoretical role that opens up further research directions.