bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deriving time-concordant event cascades from gene expression data: A case study for Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI)
Authors: Liu Anika , Han Namshik , Munoz-Muriedas Jordi , Bender Andreas
Published: June 2022

Adverse event pathogenesis is often a complex process which compromises multiple events ranging from the molecular to the phenotypic level. In toxicology, Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) aim to formalize this as temporal sequences of events, in which event relationships should be supported by causal evidence according to the tailored Bradford-Hill criteria. One of the criteria is whether events are consistently observed in a certain temporal order and, in this work, we study this time concordance using the concept of “first activation” as data-driven means to generate hypotheses on potentially causal mechanisms. As a case study, we analysed liver data from repeat-dose studies in rats from the TG-GATEs database which comprises measurements across eight timepoints, ranging from 3 hours to 4 weeks post-treatment. We identified time-concordant gene expression-derived events preceding adverse histopathology, which serves as surrogate readout for Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI). We find known mechanisms in DILI to be time-concordant, and show further that significance, frequency and log fold change (logFC) of differential expression are metrics which can additionally prioritize events although not necessary to be mechanistically relevant. Moreover, we used the temporal order of transcription factor (TF) expression and regulon activity to identify transcriptionally regulated TFs and subsequently combined this with prior knowledge on functional interactions to derive detailed gene-regulatory mechanisms, such as reduced Hnf4a activity leading to decreased expression and activity of Cebpa. At the same time, also potentially novel events are identified such as Sox13 which is highly significantly time-concordant and shows sustained activation over time. Overall, we demonstrate how time-resolved transcriptomics can derive and support mechanistic hypotheses by quantifying time concordance and how this can be combined with prior causal knowledge, with the aim of both understanding mechanisms of toxicity, as well as potential applications to the AOP framework. We make our results available in the form of a Shiny app (https://anikaliu.shinyapps.io/dili_cascades), which allows users to query events of interest in more detail.
A mixed-methods approach to understanding domestic dog health and disease transmission risk in an indigenous reserve in Guyana, South America
Authors: Milstein Marissa S. , Shaffer Christopher A. , Suse Phillip , Marawanaru Aron , Heinrich Daniel A. , Larsen Peter A. , Wolf Tiffany M.
Published: June 2022

Domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) can transmit a variety of pathogens due to their ubiquitousness in urban, rural and natural environments, and their close interactions with wildlife and humans. In this study, we used a mixed-methods approach to assess the role of domestic dogs as potential intermediaries of disease transmission from wildlife to humans among indigenous Waiwai in the Konashen Community Owned Conservation Area, Guyana. To address these objectives we 1) performed physical examinations and collected biological samples to assess Waiwai domestic dog health, and 2) administered questionnaires to characterize the role of dogs in the community and identify potential transmission pathways between wildlife, dogs, and humans. We observed ectoparasites on all dogs (n = 20), including: fleas (100%), ticks (15%), botflies (30%), and jigger flea lesions (Tunga penetrans) (80%). Ten percent of dogs were seropositive for Ehrlichia canis/ewingii, 10% were positive for Dirofilaria immitis, and one dog was seropositive for Leishmania infantum. All dogs (n = 20) were seronegative for: canine distemper virus, Brucella canis, Leptospira serovars, Trypanosoma cruzi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum/platys and Borrelia burgdorferi. Our questionnaire data revealed that the Waiwai remove ectoparasites from their dogs, clean up dog feces, and administer traditional and/or Western medicine to their dogs. White blood cell, strongyle-type ova, and eosinophil counts were lower in dogs that were not frequently used for hunting, dogs that did receive traditional and/or western medicine, and dogs that were frequently kept in elevated dog houses, although differences were not statistically significant. While our results suggest that the Waiwai have developed cultural practices that may promote dog health and/or prevent zoonotic disease transmission, more research is necessary to determine the efficacy of these practices. Our study provides important data on the health of dogs and the potential for disease transmission to humans in a zoonotic hotspot.
The effects of population management on wild ungulates: A systematic map of evidence for UK species
Authors: Barton Owain , Gresham Amy , Healey John R. , Cordes Line S. , Shannon Graeme
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Over recent decades, the abundance and geographic ranges of wild ungulate species have expanded in many parts of Europe, including the UK. Populations are managed to mitigate their ecological impacts using interventions, such as shooting, fencing and administering contraception. Predicting how target species will respond to interventions is critical for developing sustainable, effective and efficient management strategies. However, the quantity and quality of evidence of the effects of interventions on ungulate species is unclear. To address this, we systematically mapped research on the effects of population management on wild ungulate species resident in the UK.

Methods

We searched four bibliographic databases, Google Scholar and nine organisational websites using search terms tested with a library of 30 relevant articles. Worldwide published peer-reviewed articles were considered, supplemented by ‘grey’ literature from UK-based sources. Three reviewers identified and screened articles for eligibility at title, abstract and full-text levels, based on predefined criteria. Data and metadata were extracted and summarised in a narrative synthesis supported by structured graphical matrices.

Results

A total of 123 articles were included in the systematic map. Lethal interventions were better represented (85%, n = 105) than non-lethal interventions (25%, n = 25). Outcomes related to demography and behaviour were reported in 95% of articles (n = 117), whereas effects on health, physiology and morphology were studied in only 11% of articles (n = 14). Well-studied species included wild pigs (n = 58), red deer (n = 28) and roe deer (n = 23).

Conclusions

Evidence for the effects of population management on wild ungulate species is growing but currently limited and unevenly distributed across intervention types, outcomes and species. Priorities for primary research include: species responses to non-lethal interventions, the side-effects of shooting and studies on sika deer and Chinese muntjac. Shooting is the only intervention for which sufficient evidence exists for systematic review or meta-analysis.
Bovine colostrum-derived antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 show great potential to serve as prophylactic agents
Authors: Kangro Kadri , Kurašin Mihhail , Gildemann Kiira , Sankovski Eve , Žusinaite Eva , Lello Laura Sandra , Pert Raini , Kavak Ants , Poikalainen Väino , Lepasalu Lembit , Kuusk Marilin , Pau Robin , Piiskop Sander , Rom Siimu , Oltjer Ruth , Tiirik Kairi , Kogermann Karin , Plaas Mario , Tiirats Toomas , Aasmäe Birgit , Plaas Mihkel , Mumm Karl , Krinka Dagni , Talpsep Ene , Kadaja Meelis , Gerhold Joachim M. , Planken Anu , Tover Andres , Merits Andres , Männik Andres , Ustav Mart , Ustav Mart
Published: June 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to impose a serious burden on health systems globally. Despite worldwide vaccination, social distancing and wearing masks, the spread of the virus is ongoing. One of the mechanisms by which neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) block virus entry into cells encompasses interaction inhibition between the cell surface receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2-specific NAb development can be induced in the blood of cattle. Pregnant cows produce NAbs upon immunization, and antibodies move into the colostrum immediately before calving. Here, we immunized cows with SARS-CoV-2 S1 receptor binding domain (RBD) protein in proper adjuvant solutions, followed by one boost with SARS-CoV-2 trimeric S protein and purified immunoglobulins from colostrum. We demonstrate that this preparation indeed blocks the interaction between the trimeric S protein and ACE2 in different in vitro assays. Moreover, we describe the formulation of purified immunoglobulin preparation into a nasal spray. When administered to human subjects, the formulation persisted on the nasal mucosa for at least 4 hours, as determined by a clinical study. Therefore, we are presenting a solution that shows great potential to serve as a prophylactic agent against SARS-CoV-2 infection as an additional measure to vaccination and wearing masks. Moreover, our technology allows for rapid and versatile adaptation for preparing prophylactic treatments against other diseases using the defined characteristics of antibody movement into the colostrum.
A CPW fed quad-port MIMO DRA for sub-6 GHz 5G applications
Authors: Iqbal Assad , Nasir Jamal , Qureshi Muhammad Bilal , Khan Aftab Ahmad , Rehman Jalil Ur , Owais  , Rahman Hamood Ur , Fayyaz Muhammad A. B. , Nawaz Raheel
Published: June 2022

The present work investigates a novel four-port, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), single element dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) for sub-6 GHz band. The DRA is designed and fabricated into a symmetric cross shape and fed using a coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed. A single radiator with four ports is rarely found in the literature. The -10 dB impedance bandwidth covered by the antenna is from 5.52 GHz to 6.2 GHz (11.6%) which covers fifth generation (5G) new radio (NR) bands N47 and wireless local area network (WLAN) IEEE 802.11a band. The isolation between orthogonal ports is about 15 dB while the isolation between opposite ports is 12 dB. The radiation pattern of the proposed antenna is bidirectional due to the absence of a ground plane below the DRA. The orthogonal modes excited in the DRA are TEδ21x and TE2δ1y through the four symmetrical CPW feeds. The simulated and measured results of the proposed design show that MIMO characteristics are achieved by pattern diversity between the ports. Due to the perfect symmetry of the design, the proposed work could be extended to MIMO array applications as well.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients in Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Masyeni Sri , Nelwan Erni Juwita , Fatawy Rois Muqsith , Wibawa Surya , Nugraha Putu Arya , Antara Jarwa , Suparta Adi , Asmara D. G. Wedha , Yenny L. G. Sri , Budhitresna A. A. G. , Arimas Dewi , Indriani Dewi , Parwata Kmg , Sutarjana Ketut , Sugiartha Eka , Kahari Siska , Wardhana Clareza Arief , Indraningrat A. A. G. , Mulyantari Kadek , Pasek Arya Widiyana , Putrawan Oka , Yustiani Nyoman Trisna , Wardana Gede , Wijaya Made Indra , Aryana Suka , Gayatri Yuli , Sukmawati Dewi Dian , Suastika Ketut , Merati Tuti Parwati , Bakta Made , Widiana Raka
Published: June 2022

Introduction

The spectrum of illness and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients may vary. This study reports the characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Bali, Indonesia, and evaluates the diagnostic value of their clinical symptoms.

Method

This observational study was conducted in eight hospitals. The patients were classified as non-severe COVID-19, severe COVID-19, and non-COVID-19. Demographics, clinical, laboratory, and radiologic characteristics, and outcomes of COVID-19 patients were collected. Factors associated with the severity and outcomes were assessed using the chi-squared test or ANOVA when appropriate. We also compared the clinical features of non-severe COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy.

Results

This study included 92 patients: 41 non-COVID-19 and 51 COVID-19 patients, comprising 45 non-severe and six severe cases. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 were cough (47.1%), fever (31.0%), and dyspnea (25.3%). Cough, fatigue, and anosmia have high accuracy, and combining these complaints in clinical diagnostics offered a higher accuracy in predicting COVID-19 patients (60.1%). We found lower lymphocyte counts and interleukin-1R levels and higher levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 in severe compared than in non-severe COVID-19 patients. Lactate dehydrogenase was associated with intensive care unit admission and ventilator use, while other markers such as neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 were not.

Conclusion

A battery of symptoms, including cough, fatigue, and anosmia, is likely associated with COVID-19 in Bali. Clinicians should be aware of these symptoms to ensure a prompt diagnostic test for COVID-19, beyond other causes of acute febrile illnesses.
Alpha-synuclein and tau are abundantly expressed in the ENS of the human appendix and monkey cecum
Authors: Zinnen Alexandra D. , Vichich Jonathan , Metzger Jeanette M. , Gambardella Julia C. , Bondarenko Viktoriya , Simmons Heather A. , Emborg Marina E.
Published: June 2022

α-Synuclein (α-syn) proteinopathy in the neurons of the Enteric Nervous System (ENS) is proposed to have a critical role in Parkinson’s disease (PD) onset and progression. Interestingly, the ENS of the human appendix harbors abundant α-syn and appendectomy has been linked to a decreased risk and delayed onset of PD, suggesting that the appendix may influence PD pathology. Common marmosets and rhesus macaques lack a distinct appendix (a narrow closed-end appendage with a distinct change in diameter at the junction with the cecum), yet the cecal microanatomy of these monkeys is similar to the human appendix. Sections of human appendix (n = 3) and ceca from common marmosets (n = 4) and rhesus macaques (n = 3) were evaluated to shed light on the microanatomy and the expression of PD-related proteins. Analysis confirmed that the human appendix and marmoset and rhesus ceca present thick walls comprised of serosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, and mucosa plus abundant lymphoid tissue. Across all three species, the myenteric plexus of the ENS was located within the muscularis externa with nerve fibers innervating all layers of the appendix/ceca. Expression of α-syn and tau in the appendix/cecum was present within myenteric ganglia and along nerve fibers of the muscularis externa and mucosa in all species. In the myenteric ganglia α-syn, p-α-syn, tau and p-tau immunoreactivities (ir) were not significantly different across species. The percent area above threshold of α-syn-ir and tau-ir in the nerve fibers of the muscularis externa and mucosa were greater in the human appendix than in the NHP ceca (α-syn-ir p<0.05; tau-ir p<0.05). Overall, this study provides critical translational evidence that the common marmoset and rhesus macaque ceca are remarkably similar to the human appendix and, thus, that these NHP species are suitable for studying the development of PD linked to α-syn and tau pathological changes in the ENS.
Influences of hand action on the processing of symbolic numbers: A special role of pointing?
Authors: Ranzini Mariagrazia , Semenza Carlo , Zorzi Marco , Cutini Simone
Published: June 2022

Embodied and grounded cognition theories state that cognitive processing is built upon sensorimotor systems. In the context of numerical cognition, support to this framework comes from the interactions between numerical processing and the hand actions of reaching and grasping documented in skilled adults. Accordingly, mechanisms for the processing of object size and location during reach and grasp actions might scaffold the development of mental representations of numerical magnitude. The present study exploited motor adaptation to test the hypothesis of a functional overlap between neurocognitive mechanisms of hand action and numerical processing. Participants performed repetitive grasping of an object, repetitive pointing, repetitive tapping, or passive viewing. Subsequently, they performed a symbolic number comparison task. Importantly, hand action and number comparison were functionally and temporally dissociated, thereby minimizing context-based effects. Results showed that executing the action of pointing slowed down the responses in number comparison. Moreover, the typical distance effect (faster responses for numbers far from the reference as compared to close ones) was not observed for small numbers after pointing, while it was enhanced by grasping. These findings confirm the functional link between hand action and numerical processing, and suggest new hypotheses on the role of pointing as a meaningful gesture in the development and embodiment of numerical skills.
Giro decolonial e educação no contexto latino-americano
Authors: Mendes Vitor Hugo
Published: June 2022

O que se convencionou chamar giro decolonial latinoamericano constitui hoje um movimento de muitas expressões cuja recepção, nas mais diversas áreas do conhecimento e das práticas sociais, tem provocado uma enorme multiplicação de produções. Trata-se de distintas iniciativas que possuem um perfil muito diversificado: congressos, seminários, livros, artigos, manifestos, debates, etc. É preciso reconhecer que a proposta decolonial, como toda corrente de pensamento emergente, não está imune à adesão fácil (modismo), tampouco, é o outro lado da moeda, aos críticos que tratam de impugná-la em bloco. Sabendo-se que trigo e joio crescem juntos, para avançar, chegada a hora da colheita, é preciso separar um e outro. Neste sentido, cabe sublinhar que ao longo de duas décadas de intenso trabalho, o debate decolonial demarcou um posicionamento crítico frente à discussão pós-colonial. À luz destas questões introdutórias, duas interrogações parecem inevitáveis: O que significa giro decolonial latinoamericano? Que implicações traz para a educação no contexto da América Latina e Caribe? Neste trabalho, mediante um estudo bibliográfico, tratamos de abordar e responder a estas indagações.
Pesquisa em educação como experiência (auto)formativa e decolonial do saber
Authors: Pozzer Adecir
Published: June 2022

O artigo aborda a pesquisa em educação enquanto experiência (auto)formativa e decolonial do saber ao articular as dimensões científica, sociocultural e intersubjetiva na produção do conhecimento educacional. Considerando as teses produzidas no âmbito do PPGE/UFSC, reflete como a adoção de determinadas perspectivas epistemológicas e metodológicas caracterizam certa colonialidade do saber ao invisibilizar diferentes racionalidades e alteridades. Assume-se os pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da hermenêutica filosófica para refletir e elaborar argumentos interpretativos relacionados às escolhas teóricas e metodológicas utilizadas na produção das teses do Programa supracitado. Constata-se que a maioria das pesquisas reproduzem lógicas predominantes do pensamento educacional, com maior incidência de correntes crítico-dialéticas, insuficientes, a nosso ver, para romper com a colonialidade do saber de perspectiva eurocêntrica e anglo-saxônica. Contudo, algumas teses mobilizam processos decoloniais do saber ao assumirem epistemes latino-americanas e problematizarem subalternizações ocorridas historicamente nos processos formativos.
Effect of high shear rate on the mechanical properties of polyethylene, poly(ethylene terephthalate), polystyrene and polypropylene waste blend
Authors: Rahmat Saat Mohd Adly , Rasid Rozaidi
Published: June 2022

The effect of high shear rate on the mechanical properties of polyethylene (PE), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), polystyrene (PS) and polypropylene (PP) waste blend was investigated. The process was carried out at a temperature of 120°C using a counter-rotating twin-screw extruder. A constant screw speed of 250 rpm and a constant weight ratio of the PE/ PET/PS/PP components of 1:1:1:1 were used. The preliminary research showed that the high shear rate had no effect on the impact strength. However, the significant improvement in the flexural properties was observed as compared to those obtained at a lower screw speed of 80--120 rpm.
Optical properties of polyetherketoneketone based indirect dental restorations veneered with composite
Authors: Alsadon Omar , Wood Duncan , Patrick David , Bangalore Durgesh , Pollington Sarah
Published: June 2022

In this study, the optical properties of indirect dental restorations based on poly-ether-ketone-ketone (PEKK), zirconia (YZ), and nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) veneered with composite were compared. Based on the spectral reflectance, the CIE L*a*b* color coordinates, the color difference (ΔE), the opacity and the translucency parameter (TP) were determined using a spectrophotometer equipped with a D65 illuminant. The PEKK and Ni-Cr groups demonstrated similar CIE L*a*b* color values on white and black backgrounds. However, the zirconia group on a white backgrounds showed a slight shift in values towards red-yellow shades. The highest recorded ∆E values were 1.3 and 1.61 between PEKK and YZ groups, and Ni-Cr and YZ groups respectively. The opacity and translucency (TP) parameters were consistent with the spectral reflectance data, with the Ni-Cr and PEKK groups being completely opaque (100% and 0 TP). It has been shown that the use of the same indirect light-cured composite veneer with different substructure materials has no clinical effect on the esthetics of the final restoration.
New boron selective sorbents for sorption – membrane hybrid system
Authors: Dach Barbara , Bryjak Marek , Bryjak Jolanta , Łużny Rafał
Published: June 2022

The synthesis and properties of core-shell sorbents dedicated to the removal of borates from aqueous solutions were described. By modification of polymer matrices with vinylbenzyl chloride followed by its derivatization with N-methyl glucamine a new kind of sorbents were obtained. The testing of boron sorption reviled that the process efficiency was related to the pore diameter and the content of ligand in the sorbent. The best material for use in a hybrid system, where boron is absorbed by fine particles and removed in microfiltration, was Poropak Q with a specific surface area of 300 m2/g.
Evaluation of surface roughness parameters of anatomical structures models of the mandible made with additive techniques from selected polymeric materials
Authors: Turek Paweł
Published: June 2022

Making a template or implant for surgery is not a simple task. This is especially true of the craniofacial area, which consists of bone tissues with a very complex geometry. Titanium alloys are still used in medicine as implantable materials. However, due to the continuous improvement of mechanical and functional properties, the scope of  polymeric materials application in medicine is expanding. Each model used directly or indirectly during a surgical procedure must meet many conditions. One of them is to obtain the appropriate condition of the surface layer, which has a significant impact on the reactions between the applied surgical template or implant and the living organism. Knowledge of the printed models made of polymeric materials surface roughness parameters  may allow the targeted modification  planning of the surface layer, allowing better application during the procedure. In this study, the research on the comparative analysis of the obtained values of surface roughness parameters of the anatomical structures of the mandible made of selected polymer materials with the use of additive techniques was presented. In the research process, the following materials were used: polylactic acid (PLA), polycarbonate (PC), three photo polyacrylic resins (marked in the manuscript as AR1, AR2 and AR3) and polyamide (PA11). On the basis of them, physical models of the mandible lateral sections were made using 3D printing techniques. Measurements of the model surfaces geometric structure were carried out using a 3D contact profilometer. In the process of determining the surface roughness, the measurement data was filtered in accordance with the ISO 4288 standard. As a final result, selected amplitude parameters and three-dimensional visualization of the surface roughness of the tested models were presented.
Problematizing Fluent Speakers’ Unintentional Exclusion of Emergent Bilinguals
Authors: Kiyota Akiko
Published: June 2022

In English-medium instruction (EMI) classrooms in Japan, less proficient English speakers are often marginalized, positioned as powerless, and quiet (e.g., Iino, 2019). This situation is problematic for inequitable access to activity and the possible consequences for their identity and emotional wellbeing. However, few studies have examined how exclusion is co- constructed in such a context. This study addresses that lack, illustrating how exclusion is co- constructed by shedding light on the microlevel social interactions in an EMI classroom. In the study, observation notes, students’ weekly journals, and interview data were gathered. The findings show that fast-paced interactions and some gestures made the emergent bilinguals hesitant to participate in the discussions. Also, a mismatch of expectations from both the emergent bilinguals and the fluent speakers suggested that the exclusion was unintentional. An analysis of the findings underscores how social interactions, if not sensitive enough towards less proficient speakers, may cause unintentional exclusion and inflict emotional harm in the classroom.
Staffing Considerations and International Trade Fairs for Korean SME Exporters and Innovators
Authors:   Department of Geography Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, South Korea, Gress Douglas R. , Kalafsky Ronald V. ,   University of Tennessee Knoxville, USA
Published: June 2022

There is a dearth of literature on international trade fair (ITF) staffing functions from the perspective of the exhibitor, and on firm-level internationalization and innovation-related activity within the ITF environment. This research explores specific ITF staffing considerations and their linkages with a number of measures related to firm-level internationalization strategies, relationship building, and innovative activity. A relationship marketing perspective and two research questions are deployed. Results are based on quantitative analyses of firm-level data on smalland-medium-sized (SME) Korean advanced machine tool manufacturers. Results indicate that firms staffed with senior management place more emphasis on meetings with overseas agents and on market information gathering. Firms staffed with technicians emphasize benchmarking activity. The presence of engineers emerges as vital to the setting of clear goals for ITF attendance. Engineers fill even more pivotal roles in the use of ITFs for establishing relationships with potential buyers, for information gathering on them, and for innovative activity. SMEs in technologically advanced sectors and those seeking to expand their export horizons should diversify and enhance their ITF staffing, namely by including more engineers and technicians in conjunction with upper management. They should also move beyond a sales-only motivation and make sure that cross-training helps to better prepare all staff for functions outside of their general job descriptions. Findings may have a direct bearing on Korean firms given the context surrounding the industry, and on (East) Asian firms in particular given an organizational preference to staff with lower-level management and sales personnel.
Przerywanie ciąży – rozważania w świetle orzeczenia Trybunału Konstytucyjnego w sprawie K 1/20
Authors: Szudejko Piotr
Published: June 2022

The article presents the issues of legal regulation of termination of pregnancy in the context of the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court (CC), in particular the ruling in the case K 1/20.The discussion opens with an analysis of models of abortion practices regulations, as well as the solutions adopted in the Polish legal system, with a short historical introduction. It is emphasized how important is the issue, which results from the fundamental differences in worldviews between the supporters and opponents of the permissibility of the practice of termination of pregnancy, which is expressed in the name given to this medical practice.The right to life as an element of the human rights system is discussed, both in terms of international law and the provisions of the Polish constitution.Next, the Polish provisions on the admissibility of termination of pregnancy are presented along with a historical outline, with particular emphasis on the ruling in the case K 26/96. Based on the above discussion, the resolution in the case K 1/20 was discussed, in which the CC found the so-called embryopathological premise for termination of pregnancy to be incompatible with Polish Constitution. A polemic with the justiﬁcation of the decision is presented, including the errors of interpreta-tion committed by the CC with regard to the constitutional and international form of the right to the protection of life. It is indicated that in the Polish legal system only the right to protection of life exists, not the right to life, which is referred to both by the CC and most of the doctrine.Despite the fact that this resolution does not remove the norm from the legal system, the author draws attention to the practical consequences of issuing it, in particular the occurrence of the so-called ‘chilling effect’ and unjustiﬁed activity of the law enforcement authorities.The ﬁnal part of the article presents conclusions on how to legally regulate the termination of pregnancy.
Hypertriglyceridemia, a causal risk factor for atherosclerosis, and its laboratory assessment
Authors: Wieczorek Ewa , Ćwiklińska Agnieszka , Jankowski Maciej
Published: June 2022

Epidemiological and clinical studies show a causal association between serum triglyceride (TG) level, the number of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) and their remnants, and the increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. In light of current guidelines for dyslipidemia management, the laboratory parameters reflecting TRL content are recommended as part of the routine lipid analysis process and used for CVD risk assessment, especially in people with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), diabetes mellitus, obesity and low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), in which high residual CVD risk is observed. The basic routinely available laboratory parameters related with TRL are serum TG and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels, but there are also other biomarkers related to TRL metabolism, the determination of which can be helpful in identifying the basis of HTG development or assessing CVD risk or can be the target of pharmacological intervention. In this review, we present the currently available laboratory parameters related to HTG. We summarise their link with TRL metabolism and HTG development, the determination methods as well as their clinical significance, the target values and interpretation of the results in relation to the current dyslipidemia guidelines.
Investigation into the thermal stability of a novel hot-work die steel 5CrNiMoVNb
Authors: Hu Zhiqiang , Wang Kaikun
Published: June 2022

A novel hot-work die steel 5CrNiMoVNb is developed by optimizing the alloy composition of 5CrNiMoV steel. Thermal stability tests were carried out to compare the hardness evolution of the two steel types. The hardness reduction of 5CrNiMoVNb at 600 and 650°C was only 4.3HRC and 9.6HRC, while that of 5CrNiMoV steel at the same condition was as large as 6.5HRC and 17.5HRC, respectively, which suggests that the thermal stability of the 5CrNiMoVNb steel is more excellent. The thermal stability mechanism of 5CrNiMoVNb was studied based on microstructure analyses and thermodynamic calculations. This suggests that high tempering temperatures cause the coarsening of some carbides and suppress the recovery and recrystallization of the martensite matrix, which is the main reason for the slight decrease in the thermal stability. For the adding of the medium and strong carbide-forming elements, the carbides in 5CrNiMoVNb steel are mainly MC and M23C6 with low coarsening rate coefficient, and the content of these two carbides is almost constant below 670°C. The fine MC and M23C6 carbides showed strong pinning and dragging effects on the dislocations and suppressed martensite recovery and recrystallization. Therefore, the novel hot-work die steel showed excellent tempering softening resistance and thermal stability than 5CrNiMoV steel.
International Cooperative Research: Experiences and Insights from the Project on Confirmation Work in Europe
Authors: Ilg Wolfgang , Schweitzer Friedrich , Simojoki Henrik
Published: June 2022

This article describes the long-term research project on confirmation work in Europe which is carried out in ten countries, and discusses it as an example of international cooperative and comparative research in practical theology. Against the background of an increasing demand for international research in practical theology on the one hand and the far-reaching lack of respective studies which is demonstrated by an analysis of the articles published in IJPT on the other, major results and methodological questions from the project on confirmation work are presented. In a final section, the advantages as well as the challenges of international cooperative and comparative research are discussed.
Creeping Right-Wing Hegemony and Its Contestations: On Public History in Contemporary Hungary
Authors: Laczó Ferenc
Published: June 2022

Approaching the case study of Hungary as one in historical revisionism, this article focuses on new museums, revamped public squares, and popular historical walks which either reinforce or contest the contemporary project of right-wing hegemony. The author compares two major historical museums which both aim to address the recent past and opened in the early years of the twenty-first century; zooms in on two post-2010 initiatives to reshape major public squares in downtown Budapest; and retraces two types of walking tours that foster new awareness via historical spaces. Through these parallel case studies, the author aims to demonstrate that the ongoing project of building right-wing hegemony has produced several notable results; however, right-wing hegemony has remained contested by innovative projects that foster more inclusive visions.
University students’ global citizenship development through long-term study abroad
Authors: Suzuki Ayako
Published: June 2022

Study abroad (SA) is one of the popular ways for universities to develop their students as global citizens because the experience of sojourning is believed to be able to improve the students’ language skills of English as an international lingua franca as well as global awareness. This paper investigates whether SA can contribute towards the development of global citizenship, focusing on a group of Japanese students’ perceptions of English. This study reveals that SA may need some interventions in order to fulfill the expected role.
Enhancing gypseous soil behavior using casein from milk wastes
Authors: Theyab Arwa F. , Muhauwiss Farouk M. , Alabdraba Waleed M.
Published: June 2022

Gypseous soil is a metastable soil that causes problems in the constructions built on it under wetting conditions. Due to the harmful effects of traditional soil binders such as lime or cement on the environment, alternative environmental-friendly materials have been used to decrease this impact. Casein biopolymer is introduced in this study as a new binder for gypseous soil improvement and milk waste minimizing purposes. The study focused on three primary soil features: compaction properties, shear strength, and collapse potential. These three soil properties are important in the ground improvement techniques. In this study, different casein concentrations were added to the soil with varying gypsum contents. According to the compaction results casein reduces the maximum dry density while increasing the optimum moisture content. Soil treated with casein had a collapse potential of 65–80% lower than untreated soil. The shear strength of casein-treated soil increased significantly in both dry and moist conditions. The current study results suggest the recycled casein as an eco-friendly additive for gypseous soil treatment rather than traditional chemical materials.
Events and Modes
Authors: Paolini Paoletti Michele
Published: June 2022

I shall refine in this article Jaegwon Kim’s theory of events by appealing to modes, i.e., particular properties that also depend on their ‘bearers’ for their identity. Events will turn out to be occurrent modes, i.e., relational modes having further modes and times as their relata. In Section 1 I shall briefly present Kim’s theory and some difficulties that affect it. In Section 2, after having made some preliminary assumptions on modes and universals, I shall introduce occurrent modes. In Section 3 I shall show how my theory can deal with the difficulties discussed in Section 1.
Lipschitz class functions and their general Fourier coefficients
Authors: Tsagareishvili Vakhtang
Published: June 2022

In the present paper we consider some specific properties of special series of Fourier coefficients of the Lipschitz class functions with respect to general orthonormal systems (ONS). The obtained results demonstrate that the properties of the general ONS and of the subsequence of this system are essentially different. It is shown that the problems for the general ONS are trivial for classical ONS (trigonometric, Haar and Walsh systems).
2D layered MSe2 (M = Hf, Ti and Zr) for compact lasers: nonlinear optical properties and GHz lasing
Authors: Li Genglin , Du Wenhui , Sun Shuo , Lu Qingming , Chen Zhixiang , Liu Hongliang , Ma Yandong , Sun Xiaoli , Jia Yuechen , Chen Feng
Published: June 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) ternary transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are of great research interest because their superior layer-dependent optical modulation properties. In this work, three different kinds of TMDC nanosheets, including hafnium diselenide (HfSe2), titanium diselenide (TiSe2) and zirconium diselenide (ZrSe2), are prepared by liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) technique. The high-quality material properties of these TMDC nanosheets are confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, the bandgap information of five-layer MSe2 has been investigated via utilizing density functional theory. The calculation results exhibit ultra-narrow bandgap structure (lower than 1.1 eV) for all these three materials, indicating that MSe2 is suitable for broadband photonic applications. By applying the fabricated MSe2 as saturable absorbers, high-performance Q-switched mode-locked laser operation has been realized. The laser gain media are Nd:GdVO4 cladding waveguides fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing. As a result, the pulsed waveguide lasers are able to deliver approximately 6-GHz laser pulses with a signal-to-noise ratio of over 45 dB. The minimum pulse width is determined to be as short as 26 ps. The results demonstrated in this work exhibit the great potential of TMDCs and waveguide structures in applications of pulsed lasers with compact footprints.
La gestion de la crise de la pandémie de COVID-19 par les restaurateurs : les défis des politiques économiques et sociales
Authors: Messabia Nabil , Fomi Paul-Rodrigue , Kooli Chokri
Published: June 2022

Notre recherche vise à comprendre comment les propriétaires des petites et moyennes entreprises(PME) du secteur de la restauration ont vécu la crise financière engendrée par la pandémie de COVID-19.Par le biais d’entrevues semi-dirigées avec les restaurateurs de la région de l’Outaouais au Québec (Canada) propriétaires de PME, nous avons obtenu les avis réels sur le vécu des propriétaires de PME à la suite de la crise financière engendrée par la pandémie. L’analyse des entrevues à l’aide du logiciel NVivo nous a permis de constater que les restaurateurs ont expérimenté plusieurs problèmes : stress, manque de main-d’oeuvre et de liquidités, pertes financières, cycle de fermetures soudaines et de réouvertures ainsi que difficultés à s’adapter au changement. Pour passer à travers cette crise, les entrepreneurs ont dû faire preuve de résilience, d’innovation et de gestion stratégique. Notre recherche montre également que le gouvernement, par le biais de programmes d’aide, a apporté un grand soutien aux entrepreneurs en temps de crise. Malgré la performance du programme fédéral canadien, le soutien gouvernemental québécois reste limité. Nos résultats suggèrent que les administrateurs publics et les évaluateurs de programmes améliorent les défaillances soulevées par notre recherche.

This research aims to understand the experience of small and medium-sized business (SME) owners in the food service sector during the COVID-19 crises. Through semi-structured interviews with restaurant owners in the Outaouais region (Quebec, Canada), the authors were able to collect authentic opinions on the experiences of SME owners. The analysis of the interviews through the Nvivo software enabled us to observe that the restaurant owners went through several problems including: stress, shortage of employees, financial losses, liquidity problems, closures and re-opening, and difficulties to adapt to change. To get through this crisis, entrepreneurs had to demonstrate resilience, innovation and strategic management. The research suggests that public administrators and program evaluators should address the shortcomings raised in this research.
İdris Şengül. Kur’an Kıssalarının Tarihî Değeri. Ankara: Otto, 2019, 310 sayfa.
Authors: ERGİN Mustafa
Published: June 2022

Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’in genel mesajını ve içerdiği konuları anlamaya yönelik telif faaliyetleri tarihinin hicrî I. asrın sonları ile II. asrın başlarından başlayarak günümüze kadar uzandığını söylemek mümkündür. Bu çalışmalardan bazılarını mahiyetleri itibariyle Kur’ân’ın tamamını ele alan klasik tefsir formatındaki -tahlîlî- eserler oluştururken bazılarını da Kur’ân muhtevasında yer alan bazı konuları derinlemesine inceleyen -mevdûî- çalışmalar oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda konu bazlı çalışmaların doğal olarak Kur’ân’da kendisine çokça değinilen meseleler üzerinde yoğunlaştığını söylemek mümkündür. Hal böyle olduğunda Kur’ân muhtevasında ciddi bir yer teşkil eden kıssaların da bu türden konu odaklı çalışmaların gözde başlıklarından birisini teşkil ettiği söylenebilir. Bu siyaktan incelendiğinde Kur’ân kıssaları üzerine yapılan çalışmaların da yeknesak bir görüntü arz etmediği belirtilmelidir. Bazı araştırmaların kıssaları tümel, problematik ve metodolojik olarak incelediği, bazılarının ise tikel kıssa anlatılarındaki muhteva üzerine yoğunlaştığı görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda Türkiye’de de -birinci kısım olarak belirttiğimiz- Kur’ân kıssalarını farklı yönleri itibariyle metodolojik olarak inceleyen araştırmaların yapıldığı bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmalardan birisi de İdris Şengül’ün Kur’an Kıssalarının Tarihi Değeri isimli eseridir. Kullandığı dil ve metodoloji itibariyle hem ilahiyat alanında öğrenim gören talebeleri hem de bu konulara ilgi duyan geniş halk kesimini hedef kitle olarak gördüğü anlaşılan bu çalışmada yazar, Kur’ân’ın temel prensiplerinden ayrılmadan Kur’ân kıssalarını metodolojisi, edebi yönü ve gayeleri itibariyle inceleyerek, bir üslup yöntemi olarak gördüğü kıssaların Kur’ân bütünlüğü içerisindeki yerini ve ilahi mesaja ait muhtevayı yansıtmada bu üslubun önemini göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır (s. 24-5).
Asım Cüneyd Köksal. Fıkıh ve Siyaset Osmanlılarda Siyâset-i Şer’iyye. İstanbul: Klasik, 2017, 342 sayfa.
Authors: YETKİN Hacer
Published: June 2022

Asım Cüneyd Köksal'ın Fıkıh ve Siyaset Osmanlılarda Siyâset-i Şer'iyye adlı eseri, Osmanlı Devleti'nde fıkıh siyaset ilişkisini fıkıh doktrini perspektifinden incelemektedir. Eser, Osmanlı'da örfî hukukun belirleyici, şer'î hukukun ise örfe tabi olduğu yönündeki yaygın kabulü eleştirmekte ve örfî hukukun tazir kavramı ekseninde şer'î hukukun açık bıraktığı sahada işlev gördüğünü, pratikte doktrine aykırı görünen uygulamalara rastlansa dahi prensipte bu ikisi arasında zıtlık değil tamamlayıcılık ilişkisi bulunduğunu savunmaktadır. Söz konusu iddiayı desteklemek için Osmanlı öncesi hukuk-siyaset ilişkisine dair literatür, Osmanlı kanunnameleri ve Osmanlı döneminden seçilmiş eserler derinlikli bir tahlile tabi tutulmuştur.
Mathias Rohe. Das islamische Recht - Geschichte und Gegenwart. München: C. H. Beck , 3.Baskı, 2011, 612 sayfa.
Authors: AKYOL Bahattin
Published: June 2022

Eserin müellifi Mathias Rohe Alman bir hukukçu ve İslam araştırmacısıdır. Erlangen-Nürnberg şehrinin Friedrich-Alexander-Üniversitesi’nde Medeni Hukuk, Uluslararası Özel Hukuk ve Mukayeseli Hukuk kürsüsü başkanı olan yazar EZIRE’nin (Avrupa’da İslam ve Hukuk Erlangen Merkezi) direktörü ve GAIR’nin (Arap ve İslam Hukuku Topluluğu) kurucu üyesidir. 2001 ile 2007 yılları arasında Nürnberg Eyalet Mahkemesinde hakimlik görevini ifa etmiştir. 2006 ile 2009 yılları arasında Almanya İçişleri Bakanlığı tarafından Müslüman toplum temsilcileri ve entelektüelleriyle yürütülen “Alman İslam Konferansı”nın (Deutsche Islamkonferenz DIK) üyeliğini yapmıştır. 2018 yılında Ankara Üniversitesi tarafından kültür ve ülkeler arası diyaloğa katkılarından ötürü fahri doktora unvanına layık görülmüştür.
El Foro de Yenán y la literatura penitenciaria ligada a Sendero Luminoso
Authors: Anselmi Samanez Hugo Rafael
Published: June 2022

En el presente trabajo buscamos aproximarnos a la producción literaria creada por dos colectivos literarios nacidos en el penal de Castro Castro y conformados por internos condenados por terrorismo como producto de la violencia política que vivió el Perú en las décadas del 80 y 90 del pasado siglo para tratar de comprender en qué medida esta producción de miembros de Sendero Luminoso, movimiento autoproclamado como maoísta, sigue los lineamientos señalados por Mao Tse-tung en el Foro de Yenán.
Panorama general de la ilustración fantástica en la gráfica peruana entre 1990-2010
Authors: Asencios Ormeño Víctor Hugo
Published: June 2022

Se presenta una visión panorámica acerca del trabajo artistas gráficos peruanos activos en la actualidad que han desarrollado la temática fantástica en sus ilustraciones, muchos de ellos como parte de trabajos independientes que se encuentran en la web; y de esta forma  establecer un marco artístico de lo fantástico en la gráfica nacional de los últimos años. El artículo forma parte de un estudio mayor sobre lo grotesco fantástico en la obra del artista gráfico arequipeño Diego Rondón Almuelle.
El crepúsculo de los ídolos, Nietzsche y la necesidad de educadores
Authors: Toledo Gutierrez Carlos
Published: June 2022

En el prólogo del libro El crepúsculo de los ídolos (1888) Nietzsche escribe: “También este escrito —el título lo delata— es ante todo un respiro, un sitio al sol, una escapada a la ociosidad de un psicólogo” (2016, p. 618). Y más adelante, en otra reflexión expuesta en el libro, afirma: “Se necesita educadores que ellos mismos estén educados” (2016, p. 652). Estas dos citas son el punto de partida para reflexionar acerca de la educación en el Perú desde una perspectiva crítica, acerca de sus problemas y posibilidades. Proponemos que existe una pseudocrisis de la educación, sin educadores, puesto que los docentes de educación básica regular se identifican como profesores o maestros, no como educadores, a pesar de que su título profesional universitario los presenta como licenciados en Educación. Ante esta situación, desarrollamos una reflexión filosófica acerca de esta problemática educativa en el país, basándonos en conceptos claves de filosofía de Friedrich Nietzsche, expuestos en su libro El crepúsculo de los ídolos. Conceptos como nihilismo, educadores, voluntad de poder, amor fati o amor a mi destino, sentido aristocrático, el eterno retorno, etc., son utilizados en nuestro presente ensayo, para analizar esta curiosa situación existente en el magisterio nacional.