bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of the gutta-percha taper and finger spreader on lateral condensation effectiveness
Authors: Adinael Trindade-Junior  , Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru  , Raqueli Viapiana  , José Mauricio Santos Nunes Reis  , Mario Tanomaru-Filho
Published: June 2022

Lateral condensation effectiveness may be influenced by the gutta-percha and finger spreader taper used during root canal obturation. Objective: To evaluate the penetration ability of finger spreader into simulated root canals prepared using MTwo rotary system and filled with different gutta-percha and finger spreader tapers. Material and methods: Resin blocks with curved root canals had the apical diameter enlarged up to #25.06 and distributed into groups (n = 6) according to the gutta-percha taper (#25.02, #25.04, and #25.06) and the finger spreader (#30 and #35 NiTi, and stainless steel B) used to perform cold lateral condensation. After applying a load of 1.5 Kg over the finger spreaders’ head, the distance between the finger spread tip and the apical limit of the root canal preparation were obtained. The data were submitted to Anova and Tukey-Krammer’s test, with 5% of significance. Results:The gutta-percha cones with 0.02 taper enabled higher finger spreader penetration when compared to 0.04 and 0.06 tapers (p < 0.05), which were similar between each other (p > 0.05), regardless of the type and diameter of the finger spreader used. When different finger spreaders were compared among themselves, stainless steel B showed higher penetration ability (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that the stainless-steel finger spreaders showed superior penetration ability and gutta-percha with lower tapers enabled a more effective lateral condensation at the apical third.
In vitro reduction of Streptococcus mutans biofilm on silver nanoparticle-modified composite resin
Authors: Patrícia Bolzan Agnelli das Neves  , Clovis Wesley Oliveira de Souza  , Elisabeth Loshchagin Pizzolitto
Published: June 2022

Currently, new methods to reduce biofilm formation on biomaterials are very studied, for example the use of silver nanoparticles, which were bactericidal. However, there are few studies investigating the benefits of these particles in dental restorative materials. Objective:This study aimed to compare in vitro the Streptococcus mutansbiofilm formation on conventional light-cured composite resin with that on experimental light-cured composite resin, modified with silver nanoparticles. Material and methods: Discs were produced with either conventional resin (control group) and resin modified with different concentrations of silver nanoparticles, 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.6 % wt. (groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively). The samples were incubated in bacterial suspension (S. mutans) enriched with 20% sucrose to promote biofilm growth on the surfaces. Incubation times were 1, 4 and 7 days. After each period, adherent biofilms were disaggregated by ultrasound. Then, the numbers of viable cells recovered from the biofilms were counted through the serial dilution method. A morphological analysis of biofilm was also performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The data were subjected to Anova and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). Results: The number of viable cells was statistically lower in groups 2 and 3 than in group 1 and control group, after the three incubation periods, without statistical difference between groups 2 and 3. The number of viable cells was statistically lower in group 1 than in control group, after 4 and 7 days of incubation. Conclusion:Resins modified with silver presented reduction of S. mutans biofilm on their surfaces, according to the conditions of this study.
Evaluation of elementary education teachers’ knowledge on avulsion and tooth replantation
Authors: Simone Scandiuzzi Francisco  , Adriana de Jesus Soares  , Rodrigo Dutra Murrer
Published: June 2022

Dental trauma care emergency is very important issue, especially in cases of avulsion and it is crucial for the prognosis. A preventive-educational approach had not been effective and there are many failures in handling dental trauma, mainly by lack of knowledge by health professionals, teachers and lay people. Objective:The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of 89 teachers about dental trauma. Material and methods: A questionnaire divided into three parts containing questions about the emergency procedures in cases of dental trauma was applied. Results: Only 13% of teachers would replant the tooth in the socket, and only 7% said they would put the tooth in some liquid and 58% would store in a piece of paper, cloth or clean container. In relation to replantation, 75% reported that they would hold the tooth by the crown, 79% reported that first they would refer to the dentist, and 80% thought that the treatment had to be immediate. With regard to tooth preparation, 46% would keep it in saline, 24% in water, and only 11% in milk. Concerning to the avulsed tooth, only 15% correctly answered that they would replant the avulsed tooth and then referred to the dentist. Conclusion: It was concluded that the knowledge of teachers must be improved by educational and preventive campaigns on management of traumatized teeth.
Radiopacity analysis of humidity influence on the solubilization of different retrograde filling materials
Authors: Kiany Scarssi Nunes  , Luiza Bonezi Boff  , Juliana Royer  , Tiago André Fontoura de Melo
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to analyze the level of radiopacity of different materials used in endodontic retrofilling procedure regarding the influence of humidity on solubilization over a period of 30 days. Material and methods: 10 specimens with 10 mm diameter and 1mm thick were made with each of the materials. The following retrograde filling materials were tested: glass ionomer Vitro Fil LC®, IRM®, MTA Angelus®, Sealer 26® and silver amalgam capsule DFL Alloy. These materials have been handled by a single operator, according to the recommendations of their respective manufacturers. The obtained specimens were surrounded by moist gauze and incubated in a heater for thirty days at 37°C and 100% humidity. The samples were x-rayed, via the digital system Digora Optime®, at three different moments: first, 15th, and 30th day of incubation. For the analysis of radiopacity of the samples, the shades of gray were measured through ImageTool® software. Results and Conclusion: Data were subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA, repeated measures design, followed by Tukey test with a significance level of 5%. According to the results, it could be observed that the only tested materials that have undergone changes in radiopacity, in accordance with the period of incubation in humidity, were the glass ionomer Vitro Fil LC® and Sealer 26®.
Linear setting expansion of different gypsum products
Authors: César Antunes de Freitas  , Tatiana Sanches Zanotti  , Fabio Antonio Piola Rizzante  , Adilson Yoshio Furuse  , Márcia Furtado Antunes de Freitas
Published: June 2022

Stone casts are used in dentistry to allow the confection of indirect restorations. Thus, gypsum dimensional stability is fundamental in order to achieve a precise fit between dental structure and restorative material. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the hygroscopic linear expansion of commercially available gypsum products. Material and methods: Fifteen dental stones were analyzed (4 type II, 5 type III, 4 type IV and 2 type V), with n = 5. One hundred grams of each gypsum product were mixed following the respective manufacturers’ recommendations for powder/water ratio and poured into a V-shape mold, connected to an expansion-measuring device. The hygroscopic expansion was evaluated during 120 min and the collected data was converted into percentage and compared to initial dimensions of the specimen. Results: All type II and V dental stones showed expansion values compatible to the ADA and ISO recommendations. Considering type III stones, only Rutenium 3 was compatible with the recommendations. For type IV, only Durone IV showed expansion values higher than that recommended by ADA, but lower than that of ISO recommendations. Conclusion: The hygroscopic linear expansion of gypsum products should be periodically controlled in order to ensure their precision and reliability to dental practice.
Application of BMP-2 for bone graft in Dentistry
Authors: Lídia Audrey Rocha Valadas Marques  , Edvan Alves da Costa Júnior  , Mara Assef Leitão Lotif  , Edilson Martins Rodrigues Neto  , Francisco Filipe Carvalho da Silva  , Carlos Ricardo de Queiroz Martiniano
Published: June 2022

The global increase life expectancy and the resulting tooth loss has required searching for new rehabilitation alternatives in Dentistry. Biomaterials can be defined as any material that acts replacing a lost bone defect and its function. In Dentistry, many studies have aimed to improve bone regeneration through the use of BMPs for bone replacement. Objective: To review the literature on the use and clinical viability of human morphogenetic protein for the jaws reconstruction. Material and methods: The following databases were searched: Pubmed, Bireme, Lilacs, and Scielo and 30 articles published between 1965 and 2013 were found using the following descriptors: “dental implants”, “maxillary sinus”, and “biocompatible materials”. Results: Several studies demonstrate the biological advantages of rhBMP-2 on bone regeneration of the jaws. In recent years, morphogenetic protein has presented a large clinical use. Conclusion: Despite being a high-cost biomaterial, rhBMP-2 is a viable and very effective alternative for reconstruction of defects of the face.
Free gingival graft to increase gingival dimensions in Down syndrome patients: clinical case report
Authors: Carla Hariene Montanha  , Maria Estela Plens  , Henrique Scheffer Ferreira  , Luiz Augusto Ribas  , Vinicius Augusto Tramontina  , João Armando Brancher  , Andréa Paula Fregoneze
Published: June 2022

Down Syndrome (DS) patients have increased susceptibility to the development of periodontal diseases by the occurrence of several factors, such as inadequate hygiene, mouth breathing, dental morphology, leukocyte reduction and increased inflammatory mediators. Objective: This study aimed to review the literature on the main aspects of DS and present a clinical case of a DS patient treated with basic periodontal therapy and free gingival graft surgery. Case report: DS patient, leucoderma, aged 26 years showed gingival recession and little amount of keratinized tissue in the area of teeth #31 and #41. After surgery, there was an increase in the keratinized tissue band. Conclusion: The free gingival graft surgery performed in DS patients was effective, as the increase of keratinized tissue band occurred.
Headaches and pain referred to the teeth: frequency and potential neurophysiologic mechanisms
Authors: Omar Franklin Molina  , Bruno Ricardo Huber Simião  , Marcio Yukio Hassumi  , Rise Consolação Iuata Rank  , Fausto Félix da Silva Junior  , Adilson Alves de Carvalho
Published: June 2022

To assess frequency of pain referred to the teeth in occipital neuralgia, migraine and tension-type headache. Material and methods:153 patients presenting with bruxing behavior and craniomandibular disorders (CMDs). Clinical examination, questionnaires, palpation, criteria for CMDs, bruxing behavior (BB), occipital neuralgia (ON), migraine (MIG), tension-type headache (TTH) and pain referred to the teeth. Results: Mean ages in the ON, MIG and TTH patients and controls were about 38.0, 37.0, 33.0 and 36.6 years, respectively (p = 0.17). The frequencies of dental pains in the subgroups ON and MIG were 37.1% and 25% (p = 0.52), ON and TTH, 37.1% and 18.6% (p = 0.03), ON and Controls 37.1% and 6.7% (p = 0.006), MIG and TTH 25% and 18.6% (p = 0.51), MIG and Controls 25% and 6.6% (p = 0.16) and TTH and controls 18.6% and 6.7% (p = 0.15). The frequencies of pain referred to the teeth decreased from the ON to the MIG, and then to the TTH and Control groups (x-square for independence p < 0.002, x-square for trends p < 0.001). Conclusion:The ON subgroup demonstrated the highest frequency of dental pain referred to the teeth. This frequency increased with the severity of pain. Neurophysiological mechanisms may explain higher frequency of referred pain associated with the severity of headache.
Exuberant recurrent herpes labialis in immunocompromised patient – case report
Authors: Jéssica Rivera de Melo  , Lorena Pivovar  , Max Falchetti Cossul  , Francisca Berenice Dias Gil  , Antonio Adilson Soares de Lima
Published: June 2022

Herpes simplex labialis occurs by reactivation of herpes simplex virus type I, but infection with the virus type II can also lead to disease. Several factors, including exposure to intense sunlight, psychological stress or immunosuppression may trigger a recurrence. Objective: The purpose of this article is to report a case of herpes simplex labialis in an immunosuppressed patient. Case report: Male patient, 40 years of age, was admitted to the Hospital Oswaldo Cruz (Curitiba/PR) for presenting with dry cough and chest pain accompanied by fever, sweating and weight loss. The patient is a smoker, HIV positive and presented a case of pneumocystosis. The intraoral examination revealed a smooth tongue and erythematous candidiasis. Vesicular and crusted lesions were observed on the skin around the lips and vermilion. Considering these findings, diagnosis of recurrent herpes labialis was established. The patient was treated with acyclovir for 12 days when there was regression of the lesions. Conclusion: The dentist needs to be aware of cases of exacerbated recurrent herpes labialis that can be a strong indication of HIV infection/AIDS.
Dentigerous cyst with atypical mesiodens: an unusual clinical case report
Authors: Sulabha A. Narsapur  , Sameer Choudhari
Published: June 2022

Mesiodens is a common supernumerary tooth occurring in anterior region of maxilla. Its occurrence is more in permanent dentition than the primary dentition. Presence of mesiodens is associated with various complications, cystic changes being less common complication of mesiodens itself. Objective: The aim of the present article is to report an atypical mesiodens with cystic changes causing complication in adjacent structures. Case report:Hereby we report a case of dentigerous cyst associated with atypical mesiodens which was impacted, inverted and had dilaceration in the crown. Surgical removal of cystic lesion along with the mesiodens was carried out. Conclusion: Supernumerary tooth associated with dentigerous cyst may result in considerable bone destruction along with other complications. Dentist should be aware of complications associated with supernumerary structures.
Effect of contact time between alginate impression and type III dental stone on cast model properties
Authors: Amna Adam Ibrahim  , Mohammed Nasser Alhajj  , Magdi Wadie Gilada
Published: June 2022

To measure the effect of different contact time between the alginate impression and type III dental stone on cast model properties in the terms of dimension stability, hardness and surface details reproduction. Material and methods: Sixty-seven cast models were obtained from stainless steel cylinder using alginate impression material and type III dental stone. Thirty-seven cast models were separated after one hour (control group) and 30 cast models were separated from impressions after 9 hours. The samples were evaluated under light microscope for surface details, measured by digital caliper for dimension stability and hardness was tested by making indentation on the cast then measuring the depth using digital caliper. Results: The dimension stability of cast models was not affected by increasing contact time between type III dental stone and alginate impression while surface details decreased. In the meanwhile, hardness was improved with increasing contact time. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, pouring of impression up to 9 hours can negatively affect the cast model properties in the term of details richness.
Accuracy of Root ZX mini and Raypex 6 in locating the apical foramen of molars: radiographic and microscopic evaluation
Authors: Berenice R. García-Herverth  , Norberto J. Broon  , Alvaro Cruz  , Claudia A. Palafox-Sánchez  , Santiago Andaracua G  , Ricardo Ayón-García
Published: June 2022

The precise localization of the apical foramen and the odontometry determination is an important stage since it locates the apical limit for instrumentation and filling. Objective: To compare the accuracy of Root-ZX Mini and Raypex 6 in locating apical foramen in extracted molars. Material and methods: 80 mesial and buccal canals from 40 mandibular and maxillary human molars were used. A size #15 K-file was introduced to canal, until the locator indicated the apical foramen (red bar/line in both devices). With the file in position, it was re-adjusted for Root-ZX II Mini on the green bar and on the two yellow bars for Raypex 6. All the samples were measured from the tip of the file to the apical foramen with radiovisiograph and the Sidexis software. The apical third of the root was shaved until exposure of the file. The distance from the file tip to the most coronal border of the apical foramen was obtained and it was measured with a clinical microscope at 16-fold magnification. The measured lengths with the radiovisiograph and the clinical microscope were analyzed with the statistical Student’s T-test. Results: The average length from the tip of the file to the apical foramen using Root-ZX Mini was 0.695 mm and 0.543 mm with Raypex 6. There was no significant difference. Conclusion:Two devices were accurate in locating apical foramen with an adequate level of reliability.
Validation of pH cycling model to induce artificial carious lesions in bovine dentin
Authors: Ana Caroline Fumes  , Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva  , Daniele Lucca Longo  , Andiara De Rossi  , Mônica Campos Serra
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the study was to evaluate different pH cycling protocols on the induction of artificial carious lesions in bovine dentin, since the most appropriate protocol to be applied is still not fully established. Material and methods: Fragments of bovine dentin (4 x 4 x 2 mm) were embedded in resin, polished and 7 mm² of each fragment was isolated with wax. The specimens were divided into three groups (A, B, C) according to the time of immersion in the demineralizing solution (1.5 ml). Group A – 15 minutes; Group B – 30 minutes; Group C – 60 minutes and subsequently immersed for 22 hours in a remineralizing solution (1.5 ml). Microhardness measurements were conducted initially, daily and after each pH cycling for 4 days. The Split-plot design (ANOVA) was applied. Results: There was a significant interaction between time and cariogenic challenge (p<0.0001). Bonferroni comparisons were executed to identify the differences over the cariogenic challenge, showing that increasing the immersion time in demineralizing solution for each pH cycling assessed, the cariogenic challenge aggressiveness increased (A <B <C). Also, for each protocol tested there was a significant decrease in the hardness in the cariogenic challenge over the time. Conclusion: The three models tested proved to be viable, regardless of the time of cariogenic challenge that was applied.
Self-emulsifying Drug Delivery System for Oral Anticancer Therapy: Constraints
and Recent Development
Authors: Pandya Mrugank , Chatterjee Bappaditya , Ganti Srikar
Published: June 2022

Oral anticancer therapy faces several drawbacks of low aqueous solubility, poor and irregular absorption from gastro-intestinal sites, high first-pass metabolism, food-influenced absorption, non-targeted delivery, severe systemic and local adverse effects, etc. Enhancement of oral bioavailability could reduce the drug load and associated adverse effects. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) can enhance in-vivo solubility and drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, bypass liver metabolism by lymphatic absorption and inhibit efflux transport. All these phenomena ultimately result in improved oral bioavailability. Anticancer drug delivery using the SEDDS has shown promising results for bioavailability and pharmacodynamic response. A handful number of researches have produced evidence of the successful loading of anticancer agents in SEDDS-based formulations. Various potent and established chemotherapeutic agents such as docetaxel, paclitaxel, etoposide, 5 Fluorouracil, doxorubicin etc. have been successfully formulated and evaluated. Improved bioavailability and reduction of dose might be possible by SEDDS. It could be effective for low-dose drugs. But, excessive surfactant-cosurfactant concentration, lacking predictive in-vitro models and adequate IVIVC, unavailability of toxicity data are certain challenges for future researchers. To date, no clinical trials have been recorded with anticancer drug loaded SEDDS. To avail the benefits of anticancer SEDDS, overcoming the challenges and further progression to clinical studies are required.

Methods:

Hospital based retrospective, observational study in which all the confirmed cases of CSC (272) seen between 2010 and 2019 were included. Supplementary data was collected on follow up visits or through telephonic calls.

Results:

The male: female ratio was 17:1; low socio-economic status was (155; 73.45%), and occupations such as drivers (61; 28.9%) and outdoor laborers (59; 27.96%) were the most commonly affected. The majority (78.05%; 185) were single expatriates. Financial worries (105; 50.72%) constituted the leading cause of stress. The usage of corticosteroids (83; 30.51%), nasal decongestants (14.70%) or both (17; 6.25%) within one year was common; mostly (82; 30.14%) for rhinitis/respiratory states, though grossly under-recognized. Muscle relaxants and psychotropic medications were the other major medications used by 24 (8.82%) and 25 (9.19%) cases prior to CSC. Seven of 15 women had at least one condition that alters the endocrinal milieu: Pregnancy (3), recent child birth (1), erratic oral contraceptive intake (1), menopause with liver dysfunction (1), hormone replacement therapy for menopause and endometriosis (1), ovarian cyst and infertility (1) hypothyroidism (3), and Cushing syndrome (1). Chronic/ recurrent forms were seen in 31.08%. There were too few glaucoma patients despite both CSC and glaucoma being common among our patients.
Metal-Organic Compounds as Anticancer Agents: Versatile Building
Blocks for Selective Action on G-quadruplexes
Authors: Toro Patricia M. , Saldias Marianela , Valenzuela-Barra Gabriela
Published: June 2022

Background:

Since the 1980s, cancer research has focused primarily on developing
new therapeutic agents targeting DNA alterations rather than understanding cancer
as an integrated system composed of several modules. In this sense, G-quadruplex (G4)
nucleic acids are a promising target for drug development for cancer therapy since they
exist in the chromosomal telomeric sequences and the promoter regions of numerous
genes. The G4 structures within telomeric DNA can inhibit telomerase activity and prevent
the proliferation and immortalization of cancer cells. Furthermore, such G4 systems
within the promoter regions of oncogenes can inhibit the transcription and expression of
the oncogene.

Objective:

The rational design of small molecules such as organic ligands and their metal-
organic derivative compounds can stabilize G4 structures through different binding
modes on several G4 DNA topologies. Metal-based compounds have demonstrated their
competitiveness compared to organic molecules to distinguish G4 over the DNA duplex
owing to their convenient coordination features, positive charge, and electron density promoted
by organic ligand.

Results:

This article is a comprehensive review of metal compounds G4-binders and
their structural features that confer them the ability to recognize G-quartets and stabilize
several DNA G4s.

Conclusion:

This stabilization can be achieved through extended square aromatic surfaces,
increased hydrophobicity, different auxiliary ligands, axially coordinated ligands,
and the nature of the metal center.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors Against Breast Cancer
Authors: Ates-Alagoz Zeynep , Hassan Mohammed Al-Kassim
Published: June 2022

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed and leading cause of cancer-related deaths
in women worldwide. Based on global cancer (GLOBOCAN) 2020 statistics, 1 in 4 cancer cases and
1 in 6 cancer deaths are attributable to breast cancer, leading both in incidence and mortality. To address
the increasing burden of cancer, novel therapeutic approaches that target key hallmarks of cancer
are explored in cancer drug discovery. Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors are generally
purine and pyrimidine analogues validated for the treatment of cancer due to their unique roles in cancer
deregulation and novel therapeutic potentials. So far, three orally administered, potent and highly
selective CDK4/6 inhibitors (palbociclib, ribociclib, abemaciclib) have been approved by the FDA for
the targeted treatment of advanced or metastatic breast cancer in combination with endocrine therapy.
Furthermore, several compounds derived from various synthetic scaffolds are being explored with
promising results and positive outcomes in various stages of clinical trials. In this review, we highlight
these CDK4/6 inhibitor compounds with potent anti-CDK4/6, in vitro and in vivo activities on breast
cancer cells. With the remarkable prospects of these compounds, there is great optimism further novel
CDK inhibitor compounds will be discovered in the future that could boost therapeutic options for
cancer treatment.
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Associated Potential Factors
among the Elderly in the East of Iran
Authors: Farkhondeh Tahereh , Kazemi Toba , Bijari Bita , Sharifi Farshad , Moodi Mitra , Saeedi Farhad , Bizhaem Saeede Khosravi , Hoseinzadeh-Chahkandak Fatemeh , Samarghandian Saeed
Published: June 2022

Background and Aims:

This cross-sectional study aimed to determine potential factors
with a strong association with metabolic syndrome (MetS) among obesity and lipid-related parameters,
and liver enzymes, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and blood pressure (BP) as well as some sociodemographic
factors in elderly over 60 years old from a sample of Birjand Longitudinal Aging Study (BLAS).

Methods:

A total of 1366 elderly Birjand participants were enrolled and divided into non-MetS (n
= 512) and MetS (n = 854) groups based on the status of MetS from January 2018 to October 2018.
The anthropometric parameters, blood lipid profiles, liver enzymes, and disease history were evaluated
and recorded.

Results:

62.5% of the participants from our sample of elderly Birjand have MetS (33.4% in males
and 66.6% in females). The prevalence of MetS in females was significantly higher than in males
(P < 0.001). The increasing trend in the number of MetS components (from 0 to 5) was observed
in females (p < 0.001). Odds ratio showed a strong association between female gender [8.33 (5.88-
11.82)], obesity [8.00 (4.87-13.14)], and overweight [2.44 (1.76-3.40)] with MetS and acceptable
association between TG/HDL [(1.85 (1.62-2.12)] with MetS.

Conclusion:

This study indicated that the female sex, overweight and obesity have a strong association
with MetS and TG/HDL has an acceptable association found in the sample of the elderly Birjand population.
However, due to the obvious limitations of our study including the homogeneous sex and race of
population, and no adjustment for several important confounding factors including sex, different ages,
stage in the elderly, alcohol consumption, smoking, married status, physical activity, diet, and family history
of CVD, more epidemiological investigations are needed to address this question.
Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Acrylamide Grafted Polymeric Blend of
Fenugreek Gum and its Characterization
Authors: Pandey Narendra Kumar , Gandhi Asha , Verma Surajpal , Singh Sachin Kumar , Kumar Bimlesh , Vikash Bala , Sudhakar CK
Published: June 2022

Objective:

In this study, fenugreek gum (isolated from fenugreek seed) was modified into a
grafted form using a microwave-assisted method. Acrylamide was used as a monomer, and ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN), potassium persulfate (KPS), and ammonium persulfate (APS) were used as redox
initiators.

Methods:

The experimental design (Taguchi OA) was used to optimize the synthesis of the grafted copolymer of fenugreek gum. In this model, seven independent variables were selected on the basis of their
preliminary study. These were monomer concentration (X1), gum concentration (X2), initiator concentration (X3), irradiation power (X4), speed (X5), time (X6), temperature (X7), and three response variables
as % yield (Y1), % grafting (Y2), and % grafting efficiency (Y3) were identified. The optimized copolymers of grafted gum were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), NMR studies, surface morphology and swelling
index.

Results:

The yield of fenugreek gum after extraction was found to be 55.99±0.015% w/w. The percentage
grafting of 50.20±4.0, along with grafting efficiency of 83.7±0.1, was obtained with the selected concentration of acrylamide as 15 mg, grafted gum as 0.25 mg, and ammonium persulfate as 0.2 mg after 60 sec.
of irradiation time.

Conclusion:

In the present study, the graft copolymers of fenugreek gum were synthesized. After optimization of the grafting batch, the design (Taguchi OA) was combined with a desirability function. The
results underline the importance of graft polymerization techniques for modifying the properties of a polymer.
A Comprehensive Literature Review of Lipids Used in the Formulation of
Lipid Nanoparticles
Authors: Chauhan Iti , Singh Lubhan
Published: June 2022

Lipid nanocarriers are reaching new heights in the field of drug delivery. The core of this
technology resides in simple molecules, i.e., lipids. Solid and liquid lipids of biocompatible and generally
recognized as safe (GRAS) status are employed for the development of lipid nanoparticles along
with surfactant(s), solvents, and drug molecules. Researchers have practiced a variety of solid and liquid
lipids with acceptable profiles in the formulation of lipid nanoparticles. Solid lipids like triglycerides,
fatty acids, fatty alcohols, waxes, and butter have been used in designing lipid nanocarriers. The
potential of various plant-based oils has also been tested in designing nanostructured lipid carriers
(NLC). With the exponential advancement in lipid-based delivery systems, there exists a need for an
appropriate lipid system to obtain an effective product. This review gives a brief insight into lipids,
which have been exploited by researchers for designing solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured
lipid carriers. A tabular presentation of important key points of past studies exploiting these lipids
for preparing SLN/NLC is the highlight of the article.
Tumor Suppressor microRNAs in Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Mini-Review
Authors: Jothimani Ganesan , Bhatiya Meenu , Pathak Surajit , Paul Sujay , Banerjee Antara
Published: June 2022

Background:

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is associated with a group of cancers affecting the organs in the GI tract, with a high incidence and mortality rate. This type of cancer development in-volves a series of molecular events that arise by the dysregulation of gene expressions and microRNAs (miRNAs).

Objectives:

This mini-review focuses on elucidating the mechanism of tumor suppressor miRNA–me-diated oncogenic gene silencing, which may contribute to a better understanding of miRNA-mediated gene expression regulation of cell cycle, proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis in GI cancers. In this review, the biological significance of tumor suppressor miRNAs involved in gastrointestinal cancers is briefly explained.

Methods:

The articles were searched with the keywords ‘miRNA’, ‘gastrointestinal cancers’, ‘esopha-geal cancer’, ‘gastric cancer’, ‘colorectal cancer’, ‘pancreatic cancer’, ‘liver cancer’, and ‘gall bladder cancer’ from the Google Scholar and PubMed databases. A total of 71 research and review articles have been collected and referred for this study.

Results:

This review summarises recent research enhancing the effectiveness of miRNAs as novel prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic markers for GI cancer treatment strategies. The expression pat-tern of various miRNAs has been dysregulated in GI cancers, which are associated with proliferation, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion.

Conclusion:

The role of tumor suppressor miRNAs in the negative regulation of oncogenic gene ex-pression was thoroughly explained in this review. Its potential role as a microRNA therapeutic candi-date is also discussed. Profiling and regulating tumor suppressor miRNA expression in gastrointestinal cancers using miRNA mimics could be used as a prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic marker, as well as an elucidating molecular therapeutic approach to tumor suppression.
Introduction: Knowledge Making, Everyday Life, and Gendered Scientific/Scholarly Personae
Authors: Gehmacher Johanna , Niskanen Kirsti , Prager Katharina
Published: June 2022

Building on the growing literature on academic households and creative couples, this special issue aims to contribute to these discussions by taking a closer look at the connection between knowledge production, everyday life, and scientific and scholarly personae. This introductory article explains the concept of persona as a mediating link between individual biographies and social institutions and contextualizes the issue of academic and non-academic support for scientists and scholars. The chapter also introduces the five articles in the special issue that examine and discuss the lives and collaborative work of creative individuals from the late 19th to the late 20th century.
Katja Herges and Elisabeth Krimmer (eds.), Contested Selves: Life Writing and German Culture
Authors: Heinrich Tobias
Published: June 2022

In Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's Die Leiden des jungen Werthers (1774), a piece of life writing constitutes one of the founding documents of modern German literature. The tragic story of the young bohemian Werther and his beloved Charlotte is partly based on the life and suicide of Goethe's friend Karl Wilhelm Jerusalem, but is also infused with passages from Goethe's own letters and inspired by his unrequited love for Charlotte Buff. Validating Paul De Man's assertion that autobiography is not necessarily a genre or a type of writing, but rather a way of approaching and interpreting literature, Goethe's Werther can equally be read as biography, autobiography or as a work of fiction. Despite the fact that the novel sets the scene for the intricate interplay of life and literature that became a distinguishing mark of European Romanticism, the particular significance of life writing for German literature and thought is obvious if one considers the role of biography for German Historism in the tradition of Leopold Ranke and Gustav Droysen, of autobiographical writing from Goethe's Dichtung und Wahrheit (1811-1833) to Ruth Klüger's Weiter leben (1992), or of auto/biographical tropes in fictional genres like the Bildungsroman. This makes it all the more surprising that no comprehensive study has yet been devoted to the role of life writing within the German context. Even the term ‘life writing,’ bridging the gap between different genres and media, has only recently and somewhat reluctantly been adopted in German-language scholarship. A recent collection of essays, edited by Katja Herges and Elisabeth Krimmer, entitled Contested Selves: Life Writing and German Culture has set itself to remedy this shortcoming.
Marie Reidemeister and Otto Neurath: interwoven lives and work
Authors: Burke Christopher , Sandner Günther
Published: June 2022

Otto Neurath and Marie Reidemeister were both part of an interdisciplinary team which developed the ‘Vienna Method of Pictorial Statistics’ (later known as Isotype). Neurath is usually credited as the ‘inventor’ of Isotype, yet Reidemeister was a key figure in this work of visual education from the beginning. After Neurath’s death in 1945, she continued the Isotype work for two and a half decades. Marie Reidemeister also became a historian of Isotype and, in the 1970s and 1980s, she was involved in editing publications about Otto Neurath, helping to shape and correct the record of his life and work. This paper explores the challenges faced by female surviving partners who have worked intensively with their spouses for a long time and later work on their legacy. What problems arise from the effort to honour the deceased partner for one’s own visibility as a researcher? Marie Reidemeister’s role and attitude deserve examination for not fully conforming to the stereotype of a widow anxious to control the reputation of a deceased partner; neither did she attempt to present herself as the ‘great woman behind a great man’, instead calmly recording facts that establish her as a pioneer of information design.
Analisis Keuangan Usaha Kerajinan Batik Kayu dalam Memanfaatkan Teknologi Digital pada masa pademi covid-19 di Desa Krebet, Pajangan Bantul
Authors: Subroto Melvin Rahma Sayuga , Ruscitasari Zulfatun
Published: June 2022

Keuangan usaha yang terencana dengan baik akan memperkirakan pendanan dan aliran kas, sehingga pelaku usaha dapat mengetahui layak atau tidaknya sebuah usaha yang dijalani. Pelaku usaha kerajianan batik kayu difokuskan dengan hanya loyalitas pelanggan, hanya sebatas pada kegiatan operasional saja, sehingga mengabaikan perencanaan keuangan. Maka dari itu peneliti tertarik untuk meneliti mengenai keuangan usaha kerajinan batik kayu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keuangan usaha yang telah diterapkan oleh UMKM pada pelaku usaha kerajanian batik kayu dalam memanfaatkan teknologi digital pada masa pademi covid-19 di desa krebet, pajangan Bantul Jenis penelitian ini ialah studi kasus. Perolehan data didapatkan peneliti melalui observasi, kuesioner, wawancara serta dokumentasi. Teknik analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif kualitatif agar dapat menjawab rumusan masalah. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa pelaku usaha telah menerapkan keuangan usaha dengan memanfaatkan teknologi digital pada masa pademi covid-19  . Pengelolaan keuangan yang diterapkan yaitu penggunaan modal pinjaman dan alokasi pengeluaran usaha sedangkan sulit diterapkan pada modal pribadi dan pencatatan keuangan pelaporan.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN DENGAN KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI
Authors: Manggala Hutomo , Adirinekso Gidion P
Published: June 2022

Restoran dengan konsep all you can eat  merupakan restoran yang diminati oleh kaum muda saat ini. Kemunculan restoran tersebut tidak lepas dari kebutuhan manusia akan makanan dan minuman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari kualitas pelayanan dan kualitas produk terhadap kepuasan pelanggan dengan keputusan pembelian sebagai variabel mediasi pada restoran Shaburi di Kelapa Gading Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner yang melibatkan 165 orang responden sebagai bagian dari data yang akan diambil dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan Teknik PLS-SEM di dalam penelitian ini untuk menjawab masalah penelitian dengan bantuan perangkat lunak SmartPLS3.  Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan konsumen dan keputusan pembelian secara langsung, kualitas produk berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan konsumen dan keputusan pembelian secara langsung, keputusan pembelian tidak berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan konsumen, dan keputusan pembelian tidak mampu memediasi penuh kualitas pelayanan dan kualitas produk terhadap kepuasan konsumen.Kata kunci: kualitas pelayanan, kualitas produk, keputusan, kepuasan konsumen, shaburi
Surgical Removal of Eye Worm (Ocular Setariasis) in Equines
Authors: Ratnu Devangini A , Parikh Pinesh V , Kelawala Divyesh N , Patel Malhar D , Mahla Jalendra K
Published: June 2022

Ocular setariasis is a common vision threatening ophthalmic condition in equine resulting from ectopic parasitism by Setaria digitata, Setaria equina and Thelazia lacrymalis. The disease occurs mostly in summer and autumn seasons and it displays signs of lacrimation, photophobia, corneal opacity, conjunctivitis and loss of vision. Close inspection of the eye reveals a moving worm in the anterior chamber of the eye. B-mode ultrasonography using linear probe (10-18 MHz) helps in the diagnosis in case of complete opacity. Six horses were represented for ocular setarial worms. The best treatment is the surgical removal of the parasite under regional/ general anaesthesia. Paracentesis of anterior chamber for removal of intraocular parasite through a modified clear corneal stab incision at the limbal margins using 2.8 mm pointed tip 45o angled keratome was found effective. The visual outcome in all eyes was good with restoration of normal vision. The present review/ communication is aimed at report etiology, diagnosis and management of ocular setariasis in equine species.
Histological Study on the Fibrous Architecture of the Adrenal Gland During Postnatal Development in Buffalo
Authors: Kumar Vishnudeo , Sethi Ram Saran , Singh Opinder
Published: June 2022

The study was conducted on the adrenal glands of 29 buffaloes ranging from day old to one year of age. The adrenal gland was fully differentiated into cortex and medulla in the day old buffalo calf and was completely surrounded by a dense fibrous capsule at this stage. The capsule consisted of outer layer of loose connective tissue and inner layer of thick collagen fibres. The connective tissue trabeculae made up of collagen and reticular fibres arose from the inner aspect of capsule and infiltrated the cortical parenchyma of the gland. The reticular fibres dominated in the inner aspect of the capsule and the proportion of reticular fibres was more in the zona glomerulosa and outer zone of medulla, however, elastic fibres were not observed in any part of the gland up to one year of age. The average thickness of the capsule increased with progression of age which was due to increase in the density of collagen fibres especially in the inner zone of capsule.
Influence of Blood Metabolites on Ovarian Rebound in Postpartum Sahiwal Cows
Authors: Uppal Mithilesh , Awasthi Manoj Kumar , Poyam Mahesh Ram , Mishra Girish Kumar , Parveen Kaiser , Verma Manisha
Published: June 2022

Present investigation was carried out to study the influence of blood metabolites, viz., glucose and NEFA on ovarian rebound in postpartum Sahiwal cows. Advance pregnant Sahiwal cows (n=14) maintained at Bull Mother Experimental Farm at Anjora, Durg (CG), India were selected and divided into two Groups, Group I comprised of animals (n=7) with BCS ? 2.75 and that of Group II comprised of animals (n=7) with average BCS less than 2.75 at one week before parturition. Trans-rectal ultrasound scanning of ovaries was accomplished in animals of both groups on alternate days from 21 to 51 days postpartum to record the development of dominant follicles (DF). Animals of Group-I without DF recorded higher pre-partum BCS than those with DF (n=3). Non-significant differences were recorded in mean serum glucose concentration between animals of Group-I and Group-II during all days of observation. Significant differences were (p less than0.01) observed in mean serum glucose concentration between animals with and without DF of Group-I on day 20 postpartum (39.79±0.56 vs 43.53±0.29 mg/dl). Animals (n=3) with DF of Group-I showed significantly increasing trend of mean serum glucose level from 20 to 50 days of postpartum, whereas the animals (n=4) without DF recorded similar serum glucose levels between 10 and 40 days postpartum. Significantly (p less than 0.05) higher mean serum NEFA concentrations were recorded in animals without DF than in animals with DF of Group-I on all days from the day of calving to 50 days postpartum, except on day 10. It may be concluded that higher serum NEFA concentration influenced the development of dominant follicle in postpartum Sahiwal cows.
Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Crushed Soybean and Flaxseed on Estrus Attributes in Postpartum Crossbred Cows
Authors: Ratnaparkhi Anand R , Deshmukh Shyam G , Pawshe Chaitanya H , Ingawale Mahesh V , Thorat Milind G , Kuralkar Shailendra V , Patil Manoj S , Bhikane Anil U , Waghmare Sunil P
Published: June 2022

The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of dietary supplementation of crushed soybean and flaxseed on estrus attributes and preovulatory follicle size in postpartum cows. A total 20 postpartum crossbred multiparous cows from 2nd to 4th lactation with normal calving history were selected and randomly divided into two groups viz. Group 1 (T1) cows fed with roasted crushed soybean @10% of DM (300 g /100 Kg of body weight/day) till 50 and then after continued with crushed flaxseed @ 15% of DM (300 g /100 Kg of body weight/day) and group 2 (T2- without additional fat). Cows from both the groups were subjected to an ovsynch synchronization protocol on day 60 postpartum and observed for induced estrus response, time required for onset of induced estrus, intensity and duration of induced estrus. The diameter of preovulatory follicles was studied transrectaly with a linear-array 7.5 MHZ probe before the second buserelin acetate injection.
The dietary supplementation of soybean and flaxseed influenced estrus response, intensity of estrus and time required for onset of induced estrus and duration of estrus however the difference was statistically non significant. At the same time the mean preovulatory follicle diameter was significantly higher in supplemented group.