bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the Existence of “Teaching to the Test” at SSC Level in Bangladesh
Authors: Hafsha Aixa
Published: April 2020

The paper aims at examining the influence of Secondary School Certificate (SSC) English language test on teaching in the existing CLT-based teaching context in Bangladesh. It is a fact that SSC test results continue to influence the total educational career of a student including his admission into Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) level and subsequently at tertiary level study. Later on, SSC result is one of the vital determinants of his employment. As a result, the washback effect i.e. effect of test (SSC EFL tests) on teaching and learning of this high stakes test cannot be ruled out. The overwhelming use of test results in different academic and professional affairs in the context of Bangladesh has made the effect of washback a distinctive educational phenomenon. This study presents preliminary research findings on the SSC EFL test’s influence on teaching in Bangladesh by applying various methodological techniques such as classroom observation and teacher interview in sampled schools located in Chittagong, Bangladesh. The analysed data revealed that SSC EFL test technique is one of the driving forces that shape teaching. Teachers’ teaching is confined to only those tasks and activities which are commonly set in the tests. Now it is difficult to deny that that teaching to the test is a harsh reality at SSC level classrooms in Bangladesh.
Identifying ESL Learners’ Use of Multiple Resources in Vocabulary Learning
Authors: Hafsha Aixa
Published: April 2020

Vocabulary knowledge plays a vital role in a successful language acquisition. It is essential and a fundamental element in language learning since it is considered the basis of any ESL learners. Students face tremendous difficulties in learning English vocabulary and show an aversion towards learning vocabulary. The present work investigated the use of multiple resources in learning vocabulary. A survey was carried out upon thirty Year 6 pupils of a primary school in Selangor. The instrument used in this research was a questionnaire to collect quantitative data. The findings showed that learners used a variety of resources in acquiring vocabulary in the four major skills. The finding also revealed that learners are more open to other resources outside the classroom. The usage of new technology enhances their vocabulary learning and they do not rely solely on teachers.
Isolated unilateral temporalis muscle hypertrophy: first case in an Indo-Aryan
Authors: Niyaf Ali , Niraula Kiran , Zahir Shiara , Mushrif Mohamed Sajuan
Published: April 2020

Unilateral hypertrophy of temporalis muscle (isolated type) is extremely rare and only 14 cases have been reported in English literature since 1990. Although no definitive etiology is identified, stress and bruxism are among the many factors are linked to it. Reported patient ages ranged from 7 years to 62 years and most of them are Caucasians. Here we report the first ever case of an Indo-Aryan ethnic patient who presented with painful swelling of the left temporal region. Temporalis muscle biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of isolated unilateral temporalis muscle hypertrophy. This case raises the importance of considering rare diagnoses such as isolated unilateral temporalis muscle hypertrophy despite the inadequate statistical data on ethnicity or geographic location of a condition.
Giant Intracerebral Hydatid Cyst in a Boy
Authors: Thapa Ashish Jung , Tandon Asheesh , Agrawal Alok
Published: April 2020

Giant intra-cerebral hydatid cysts are an extremely rare condition caused by the infestation of larvae of Taenia echinococcus (TE). Humans are infected through the feco-oral route by the ingestion of food and milk, contaminated by dog feces containing the ova of parasite or direct contact with dogs. We report a case of a seventeen-year-old boy with giant  right temporo-parieto-occipital hydatid cysts (HC).

Giant intracerebral hydatid cysts being rare and can at times lead to death, so surgical excision with preoperative consideration and intraoperative rupture prevention is the best management for a better prognosis.
Standard Operating Protocol: Operating on COVID-19 patients
Authors: Thapa Amit , Sharma Krishna , Shrestha Prabin
Published: April 2020

Due to lack of scientific evidence, guidelines cannot be formulated. Hence this protocol would serve as STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP) for performing neurosurgical procedures on COVID-19 suspect, probable or positive cases. This SOP is based on recommendations from various societies and experiences of the hospitals involved in care of patients with COVID-19. As the status of COVID-19 in Nepal change along with refinement in knowledge of the disease and its management, SOP would be updated. Objective is to “Serve with caution”.

Nepal is presently in phase 2 of Global COVID-19 p The doubling time for active infections is shortening over the last two weeks (Figure 1). The healthcare facilities have to gear up and prepare to face the worst with the most efficient use of available resources. Neurosurgical emergencies may arise in COVID-19 patients (suspect or probable or positive) who are being managed in isolated wards or ICU. Such patients cannot be operated in routine operating rooms nor kept in routine ICU, as they pose threat of transmission of infection to other patients and health care workers (HCW). COVID-19 patients undergoing aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) pose higher risk of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Special isolation precautions should be adopted by all health care workers (HCW) with specific protocols to stay safe as well as manage the case efficiently.
Від пацифіста до комбатанта: трансформація свідомості героя в умовах війни (за романом «Віхола» Ю. Мушкетика)
Authors: Dubrovskiy Roman
Published: April 2020

У статті представлене дослідження художньої репрезентації зміни життєвих пріоритетів мирної людини в умовах війни. Зроблено акцент на внутрішніх та зовнішніх компонентах такої трансформації. На прикладі роману «Віхола» Ю. Мушкетика розкрито художні особливості візуалізації різних типів образу війни. Здійснено узагальнення щодо моделей поведінки мирної людини в незвичному для неї «мілітарному» часопросторі. Охарактеризовано внутрішні ланки сюжетного каркасу твору з позиції розвитку характерів персонажів. Через конкретні приклади показано та уточнено прогностичний, синхронний і ретроспективний образи війни. Також виділено художні маркери репрезентації різних етапів становлення людини-комбатанта. Простежено особливості художнього вираження різних моделей її поведінки та етапів їх становлення. На основі аналізу тексту роману зроблено висновок про письменницьку майстерність автора, виражену на різних рівнях творення прозописьма (від уміння чуттєво передати деталізований психологічний портрет, створити психологічно насичені філософські відступи до здатності візуалізувати перехід від «мирного» до «мілітарного» типу свідомості через безпосередній опис екстремальних ситуацій тощо).
Інтерпретація трьох законів робототехніки А. Азімова: цикл оповідань «Я, Робот»
Authors: Piroshenko Svitlana
Published: April 2020

У статті розглянуто двоїсту природу наукової фантастики Айзека Азімова у визначенні основних моральних постулатів. В цьому контексті досліджено особливості авторської інтерпретації Трьох законів робототехніки Айзека Азімова.Охарактеризовано роботехнічну концепцію автора, встановлено, що Три закони утворюють організаторський принцип і об’єднуючу тему для серії робіт «Я, робот».Розкрито зміст художніх азімовських образів-роботів у світі майбутнього. Так, у збірнику подається вісім новел з циклу роботизації, написаних в різний час, але поєднаних спільними героями і єдиною концепцією розвитку етичних стосунків між роботами та людьми. Історії Азімова випробовують його Три закони в різних ситуаціях, що приводять до певних варіацій та модифікацій. На конкретних прикладах продемонстровано соціально-філософський шар оповідань збірки «Я, Робот». Закони робототехніки, що становлять основу їх поведінкової логіки, надійно захищають людей. Автором відображено один із проблемних аспектів світу майбутнього (зіткнення високих технологій і моральності), як синтез реалістичного і фантастичного. Активно використовуючи форму діалогу, Азімов розвиває в оповіданнях конфлікт між прибічниками раціоналізму, гуманізму і знань. Пов’язуючи ці три якості, письменник зображує роботів, незалежно від їх призначення, за образом і подобою людською, і цим самим розкриває діалогічний підтекст моральності у різноплановому аспекті.
Павло Загребельний у призмі шістдесятницької критики
Authors: Rarytskyi Oleh
Published: April 2020

У статті здійснюється спроба крізь призму художньо-документальної прози українських шістдесятників увиразнити творчий профіль П. Загребельного у контексті тоталітарної доби. Пропонується побіжний огляд доробку письменника, що його запропонували шістдесятники, насамперед у власному епістолярії та мемуаротворчості. Йдеться про дискретні вкраплення у нефікційній прозі шістдесятників елементів літературно-критичної творчості.
The Ruqyah Syar’iyyah Verses As A Breast Cancer Therapy: A Preliminary Evaluation On Breast Cancer Cell Line(MCF-7)
Authors: Syed Bidin Sharifah Norshah Bani , S.A.Alqodsi Ahmed , Wan Taib Wan Rohani
Published: April 2020

One of the method in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is Ruqyah Syar’iyyah by reciting Quranic verses in the treatment. As the Holy Quran is the eternal miracle which challenged the worlds and effects all creatures in general, this study is aimed to disclose the effects  of  reciting Ruqyah Shar’iyyah as a treatment  by evaluating  the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines.  The spiritual treatment was shown to improve the quality of life that give better impacts to emotion and physical as well as increase immunity.  This study applied the experimental method where MCF-7 cells were divided into two groups;  the control and the treatment group. During the treatment sessions, a compilation of several quranic verses were recited by using the speakers. The study demonstrated that the cell proliferation percentage of the treatment group for both treatment periods (12 and 24 hour) decreased compared to the control group.  This empirical study  proved the miracolous effects of Holy Quran on breast cancer cell lines. The study  suggest the longer treatment times and repeated treatments would provide significant results for a  higher grade cancer cells such as MCF-7 used in this study.
Dissecting the default mode network: direct structural evidence on the morphology and axonal connectivity of the fifth component of the cingulum bundle
Authors: Skandalakis Georgios P. , Komaitis Spyridon , Kalyvas Aristotelis , Lani Evgenia , Kontrafouri Chrysoula , Drosos Evangelos , Liakos Faidon , Piagkou Maria , Placantonakis Dimitris G. , Golfinos John G. , Fountas Kostas N. , Kapsalaki Eftychia Z. , Hadjipanayis Constantinos G. , Stranjalis George , Koutsarnakis Christos
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE

Although a growing body of data support the functional connectivity between the precuneus and the medial temporal lobe during states of resting consciousness as well as during a diverse array of higher-order functions, direct structural evidence on this subcortical circuitry is scarce. Here, the authors investigate the very existence, anatomical consistency, morphology, and spatial relationships of the cingulum bundle V (CB-V), a fiber tract that has been reported to reside close to the inferior arm of the cingulum (CingI).

METHODS

Fifteen normal, formalin-fixed cerebral hemispheres from adults were treated with Klingler’s method and subsequently investigated through the fiber microdissection technique in a medial to lateral direction.

RESULTS

A distinct group of fibers is invariably identified in the subcortical territory of the posteromedial cortex, connecting the precuneus and the medial temporal lobe. This tract follows the trajectory of the parietooccipital sulcus in a close spatial relationship with the CingI and the sledge runner fasciculus. It extends inferiorly to the parahippocampal place area and retrosplenial complex area, followed by a lateral curve to terminate toward the fusiform face area (Brodmann area [BA] 37) and lateral piriform area (BA35). Taking into account the aforementioned subcortical architecture, the CB-V allegedly participates as a major subcortical stream within the default mode network, possibly subserving the transfer of multimodal cues relevant to visuospatial, facial, and mnemonic information to the precuneal hub. Although robust clinical evidence on the functional role of this stream is lacking, the modern neurosurgeon should be aware of this tract when manipulating cerebral areas en route to lesions residing in or around the ventricular trigone.

CONCLUSIONS

Through the fiber microdissection technique, the authors were able to provide original, direct structural evidence on the existence, morphology, axonal connectivity, and correlative anatomy of what proved to be a discrete white matter pathway, previously described as the CB-V, connecting the precuneus and medial temporal lobe.
How safe are elective craniotomies in elderly patients in neurosurgery today? A prospective cohort study of 1452 consecutive cases
Authors: Schär Ralph T. , Tashi Shpend , Branca Mattia , Söll Nicole , Cipriani Debora , Schwarz Christa , Pollo Claudio , Schucht Philippe , Ulrich Christian T. , Beck Jürgen , Z’Graggen Werner J. , Raabe Andreas
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE

With global aging, elective craniotomies are increasingly being performed in elderly patients. There is a paucity of prospective studies evaluating the impact of these procedures on the geriatric population. The goal of this study was to assess the safety of elective craniotomies for elderly patients in modern neurosurgery.

METHODS

For this cohort study, adult patients, who underwent elective craniotomies between November 1, 2011, and October 31, 2018, were allocated to 3 age groups (group 1, < 65 years [n = 1008], group 2, ≥ 65 to < 75 [n = 315], and group 3, ≥ 75 [n = 129]). Primary outcome was the 30-day mortality after craniotomy. Secondary outcomes included rate of delayed extubation (> 1 hour), need for emergency head CT scan and reoperation within 48 hours after surgery, length of postoperative intensive or intermediate care unit stay, hospital length of stay (LOS), and rate of discharge to home. Adjustment for American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA PS) class, estimated blood loss, and duration of surgery were analyzed as a comparison using multiple logistic regression. For significant differences a post hoc analysis was performed.

RESULTS

In total, 1452 patients (mean age 55.4 ± 14.7 years) were included. The overall mortality rate was 0.55% (n = 8), with no significant differences between groups (group 1: 0.5% [95% binominal CI 0.2%, 1.2%]; group 2: 0.3% [95% binominal CI 0.0%, 1.7%]; group 3: 1.6% [95% binominal CI 0.2%, 5.5%]). Deceased patients had a significantly higher ASA PS class (2.88 ± 0.35 vs 2.42 ± 0.62; difference 0.46 [95% CI 0.03, 0.89]; p = 0.036) and increased estimated blood loss (1444 ± 1973 ml vs 436 ± 545 ml [95% CI 618, 1398]; p <0.001). Significant differences were found in the rate of postoperative head CT scans (group 1: 6.65% [n = 67], group 2: 7.30% [n = 23], group 3: 15.50% [n = 20]; p = 0.006), LOS (group 1: median 5 days [IQR 4; 7 days], group 2: 5 days [IQR 4; 7 days], and group 3: 7 days [5; 9 days]; p = 0.001), and rate of discharge to home (group 1: 79.0% [n = 796], group 2: 72.0% [n = 227], and group 3: 44.2% [n = 57]; p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Mortality following elective craniotomy was low in all age groups. Today, elective craniotomy for well-selected patients is safe, and for elderly patients, too. Elderly patients are more dependent on discharge to other hospitals and postacute care facilities after elective craniotomy.

Clinical trial registration no.: NCT01987648 (clinicaltrials.gov).
The impact of obesity on perioperative complications in patients undergoing anterior lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Safaee Michael M. , Tenorio Alexander , Osorio Joseph A. , Choy Winward , Amara Dominic , Lai Lillian , Molinaro Annette M. , Zhang Yalan , Hu Serena S. , Tay Bobby , Burch Shane , Berven Sigurd H. , Deviren Vedat , Dhall Sanjay S. , Chou Dean , Mummaneni Praveen V. , Eichler Charles M. , Ames Christopher P. , Clark Aaron J.
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE

Anterior approaches to the lumbar spine provide wide exposure that facilitates placement of large grafts with high fusion rates. There are limited data on the effects of obesity on perioperative complications.

METHODS

Data from consecutive patients undergoing anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) from 2007 to 2016 at a single academic center were analyzed. The primary outcome was any perioperative complication. Complications were divided into those occurring intraoperatively and those occurring postoperatively. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association of obesity and other variables with these complications. An estimation table was used to identify a body mass index (BMI) threshold associated with increased risk of postoperative complication.

RESULTS

A total of 938 patients were identified, and the mean age was 57 years; 511 were females (54.5%). The mean BMI was 28.7 kg/m2, with 354 (37.7%) patients classified as obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Forty patients (4.3%) underwent a lateral transthoracic approach, while the remaining 898 (95.7%) underwent a transabdominal retroperitoneal approach. Among patients undergoing transabdominal retroperitoneal ALIF, complication rates were higher for obese patients than for nonobese patients (37.0% vs 28.7%, p = 0.010), a difference that was driven primarily by postoperative complications (36.1% vs 26.0%, p = 0.001) rather than intraoperative complications (3.2% vs 4.3%, p = 0.416). Obese patients had higher rates of ileus (11.7% vs 7.2%, p = 0.020), wound complications (11.4% vs 3.4%, p < 0.001), and urinary tract infections (UTI) (5.0% vs 2.5%, p = 0.049). In a multivariate model, age, obesity, and number of ALIF levels fused were associated with an increased risk of postoperative complication. An estimation table including 19 candidate cut-points, odds ratios, and adjusted p values found a BMI ≥ 31 kg/m2 to have the highest association with postoperative complication (p = 0.012).

CONCLUSIONS

Obesity is associated with increased postoperative complications in ALIF, including ileus, wound complications, and UTI. ALIF is a safe and effective procedure. However, patients with a BMI ≥ 31 kg/m2 should be counseled on their increased risks and warrant careful preoperative medical optimization and close monitoring in the postoperative setting.
POLA PERGERAKAN WISATAWAN DI KAWASAN WISATA TUAN KENTANG
Authors: Asriana Nova , Syahriyah Dewi Rachmaniatus
Published: April 2020

Abstract: Tuan Kentang is a district that is located in downstream of Palembang City, South Sumatera. Geographically, Tuan Kentang has a potential position which is in capital city of Palembang and bordered by Musi river and Ogan river. This location is very unique because of the traditional houses which are well-known from Sriwijaya Kingdom, especially the tradition of handwoven which is called by Jumputan. According to this potential evidence, the various of tourism attractions stimulate the pedestrian and tourist movement. This goal of study aims to investigate the spatial pattern of pedestrian movement in Tuan Kentang village where this investigation will be recommended and design strategy to develop tourism attractions in this area. This research is formed by qualitative method descriptively. In addition, collecting data and observing area is executed by surveying in certain time. This sample of this study is non-random purposive sampling technically, such as local people and tourist who visit in this area. This analysis depicts tourist movement patterns in Tuan Kentang which have spatial goal-oriented on focusing to final destination. Keyword: Movement, Tourism, Tuan KentangAbstrak: Tuan Kentang adalah sebuah kelurahan yang berada di kecamatan Seberang Ulu I Kota Palembang, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Secara geografis, Kelurahan Tuan Kentang berada di Pusat kota Palembang, tepatnya bagian hulu Kota dan berbatasan langsung dengan Sungai Ogan. Selain kondisi geografisnya yang unik, Kawasan Tuan Kentang ini juga terkenal dengan peninggalan rumah – rumah tradisional Kota Palembang, seperti Rumah Limas Gudang dan budaya turun menurun dalam pembuatan kerajinan tenun tradisional Jumputan. Uniknya objek wisata serta banyaknya variasi objek wisata yang tersebar di wilayah kawasan wisata tuan kentang memicu adanya pergerakan wisatawan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pola keruangan yang terbentuk dari pergerakan wisatawan di Kawasan Wisata Tuan Kentang. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi rekomendasi dalam pengembangan titik-titik objek wisata di Kawasan Wisata Tuan Kentang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif dengan sifat penelitian deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan survei dan observasi dalam kurun waktu tertentu. Sampel dipilih dengan teknik non-random purposive sampling, yaitu masyarakat lokal setempat serta wisatawan yang datang untuk mengunjungi kawasan wisata Tuan Kentang. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pola Pergerakan wisatawan di kawasan wisata Tuan Kentang saat ini memiliki tipe spasial goal oriented, yaitu berorientasi pada tujuan.Kata Kunci: Pergerakan, Pariwisata, Tuan Kentang
TRANSFORMASI ADAPTASI BANGUNAN DI PERMUKIMAN INFORMAL TEPI SUNGAI KAHAYAN
Authors: Murti Nindita Kresna , Suprapti Atiek , Sardjono Agung Budi
Published: April 2020

Abstract: Many informal settlements in Indonesia have been unable to survive, this is due to changes that occur in the neighborhood. This change resulted in the not surviving of informal settlements, but this did not affect the informal settlements in the city of Palangkaraya, settlements on the banks of the Kahayan river were even more developed, and began to develop towards the mainland.As climate change and the global environment increase, there is a tendency for people to conceptualize adaptation in residential buildings as a process of survival and how adaptation is practiced by people who face the negative impacts of climate change, for example in informal settlements on the Kahayan river bank, where residents adapt to building their homes to be able to withstand environmental changes. Where the neighborhood is located there are tides of the river, as well as other environmental factorsThis study is to find out how the Kahayan River settlement communities can survive, with changes that occur in the environment by analyzing using 6 strategies in building adaptation, namely: Adjustable, Versatile, Refitable, Convertible, Scalable, and Movable (Robert Schmid, 2009). Adaptation that occurs in these settlements, namely on building houses that follow climate change, times, and the environment.Keyword: Informal Settlements, Kahayan River Edge, Adaptation, Transformation.Abstrak: Permukiman Informal di Indonesia banyak yang sudah tidak dapat bertahan, hal ini di karenakan adanya perubahan yang terjadi di lingkungan permukiman tersebut. Perubahan ini berakibat tidak bertahannya permukiman informal, namun hal ini tidak mempengaruhi permukiman informal di Kota Palangkaraya, permukiman yang berada di tepi sungai kahayan ini malah semakin berkembang, dan mulai berkembang menuju ke daratan.Seiring dengan meningkatnya perubahan iklim dan lingkungan global, ada kecenderungan masyarakat untuk membuat konsep adaptasi pada bangunan rumah tinggal sebagai proses untuk bertahan dan bagaimana adaptasi dipraktikkan oleh orang-orang yang menghadapi dampak negatif perubahan iklim, sebagai contoh pada permukiman informal yang berada di tepi sungai Kahayan, di mana warga beradaptasi pada bangunan rumah mereka untuk dapat bertahan terhadap perubahan lingkungan. Di mana lingkungan permukiman ini terdapat pasang surut air sungai, serta faktor lingkungan lainnya.Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui cara masyarakat permukiman tepi Sungai Kahayan dapat bertahan, dengan perubahan yang terjadi di lingkungan dengan menganalisa menggunakan 6 strategi dalam adaptasi bangunan, yaitu: Adjustable, Versatile, Refitable, Convertible, Scalable, dan Movable (Robert Schmid, 2009). Adaptasi yang terjadi pada permukiman ini, yaitu pada bangunan rumah yang mengikuti perubahan iklim, jaman, dan lingkungan.Kata Kunci: Permukiman Informal, Tepi  Sungai Kahayan, Adaptasi, Transformasi.
Sildenafil for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sanders Owen
Published: April 2020

Nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling is compromised in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), which degrades cGMP, is upregulated. Sildenafil inhibits PDE5 and increases cGMP levels. Integrating previous findings, we determine that most doses of sildenafil (especially low doses) likely activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) via protein kinase G-mediated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and/or Sirtuin-1 activation and PGC1α deacetylation. Via PGC1α signaling, low-dose sildenafil likely suppresses β-secretase 1 expression and amyloid-β (Aβ) generation, upregulates antioxidant enzymes, and induces mitochondrial biogenesis. Plus, sildenafil should increase brain perfusion, insulin sensitivity, long-term potentiation, and neurogenesis while suppressing neural apoptosis and inflammation. A systematic review of sildenafil in AD was undertaken. In vitro, sildenafil protected neural mitochondria from Aβ and advanced glycation end products. In transgenic AD mice, sildenafil was found to rescue deficits in CREB phosphorylation and memory, upregulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor, reduce reactive astrocytes and microglia, decrease interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, decrease neural apoptosis, increase neurogenesis, and reduce tau hyperphosphorylation. All studies that tested Aβ levels reported significant improvements except the two that used the highest dosage, consistent with the dose-limiting effect of cGMP-induced phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2) activation and cAMP depletion on PGC1α signaling. In AD patients, a single dose of sildenafil decreased spontaneous neural activity, increased cerebral blood flow, and increased the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen. A randomized control trial of sildenafil (ideally with a PDE2 inhibitor) in AD patients is warranted.
Protocol of Aerobic Exercise and Cognitive Health (REACH): A Pilot Study
Authors: Gaitán Julian M. , Boots Elizabeth A. , Dougherty Ryan J. , Ma Yue , Edwards Dorothy F. , Mitchell Carol C. , Christian Bradley T. , Cook Dane B. , Okonkwo Ozioma C.
Published: April 2020

A growing body of evidence supports that aerobic exercise can decrease the risk of future cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). There is a pressing need to rigorously determine whether cognitively normal yet at-risk individuals stand to benefit from the protective effects of exercise. The present study will test the feasibility of an aerobic exercise intervention in such a population and inform the design of a larger-scale randomized, controlled trial examining the effect of aerobic exercise on biomarkers of AD in late-middle-aged, at-risk individuals. This was a single-site, 1 : 1 block-randomized, parallel, two-arm trial. Cognitively normal participants aged 45–80 with documentation of familial and genetic AD risk factors were randomly assigned to one of two interventions. The Usual Physical Activity group was provided educational materials about exercise. The Enhanced Physical Activity intervention delivered 26 weeks of individualized and supervised aerobic exercise. Exercise duration and intensity were incrementally increased to 150 min/week and 70–80% of heart rate reserve, respectively. Retention and adherence were measured to assess study feasibility. In addition, pre- and post- intervention differences between the two arms were evaluated for cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, brain glucose metabolism, cerebral structure, vascular health, memory, executive function, and mood. Data from randomized controlled trials of exercise training are needed to identify the proper exercise prescription for reducing accumulation of AD biomarkers in cognitively normal individuals. The current trial will contribute to filling that gap while informing the design of large-scale trials.
Dysregulation of CO2-Driven Heart-Rate Chemoreflex Is Related Closely to Impaired CO2 Dynamic Vasomotor Reactivity in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients
Authors: Marmarelis Vasilis Z. , Shin Dae C. , Zhang Rong
Published: April 2020

Background:

Significant reduction of dynamic vasomotor reactivity (DVR) was recently reported in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) relative to age-matched controls. These results were obtained via a novel approach that utilizes data-based predictive dynamic models to quantify DVR.

Objective:

Using the same methodological approach, we seek to quantify the dynamic effects of the CO2-driven chemoreflex and baroreflex upon heart-rate in order to examine their possible correlation with the observed DVR impairment in each MCI patient.

Methods:

The employed approach utilizes time-series data to obtain subject-specific predictive input-output models of the dynamic effects of changes in arterial blood pressure and end-tidal CO2 (putative “inputs”) upon cerebral blood flow velocity in large cerebral arteries, cortical tissue oxygenation, and heart-rate (putative “outputs”).

Results:

There was significant dysregulation of CO2-driven heart-rate chemoreflex ( p = 0.0031), but not of baroreflex ( p = 0.5061), in MCI patients relative to age-matched controls. The model-based index of CO2-driven heart-rate chemoreflex gain (CRG) correlated significantly with the DVR index in large cerebral arteries ( p = 0.0146), but not with the DVR index in small/micro-cortical vessels ( p = 0.1066). This suggests that DVR impairment in small/micro-cortical vessels is not mainly due to CO2-driven heart-rate chemoreflex dysregulation, but to other factors (possibly dysfunction of neurovascular coupling).

Conclusion:

Improved delineation between MCI patients and controls is achieved by combining the DVR index for small/micro-cortical vessels with the CRG index ( p = 2×10–5). There is significant correlation ( p < 0.01) between neuropsychological test scores and model-based DVR indices. Combining neuropsychological scores with DVR indices reduces the composite diagnostic index p-value ( p∼10–10).
The Efficacy of COGnitive tRaining in patiEnts with Amnestic mild coGnitive impairmENT (COG-REAGENT): Protocol for a Multi-Center Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Xing Yi , Zhu Zude , Du Yifeng , Zhang Junjian , Qu Qiumin , Sun Li , Li Yang , Guo Yanjun , Peng Guoping , Liu Yong , Yu Yueyi , Qiao Yuchen , Xie Beijia , Shi Xinrui , Lu Jie , Jia Jianping , Tang Yi
Published: April 2020

Background:

Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is often the prodromal stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although previous studies have suggested that computerized cognitive training is an effective non-pharmacological intervention for aMCI, large-sample, randomized controlled studies are warranted to provide a high level of evidence.

Objective:

To identify the efficacy of computerized cognitive training for aMCI.

Methods:

This study will include 260 patients diagnosed with aMCI from 8 centers in China. A computerized multi-domain adaptive training program will be used in this study, and the targeted cognitive domains include memory, attention, language, and executive function. The patients will be randomized into either a cognitive-training group or an active-control group. The intervention is a 12-week internet-based cognitive training performed for 40 minutes per day, 4 days a week. Neuropsychological assessments and structural and functional MRI will be obtained at baseline, at the end of the intervention, and 6 months after randomization. The primary outcome will be the global cognitive function score assessed by Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The secondary outcomes include changes in other neuropsychological assessments and neuroplasticity changes measured by structural and functional MRI.

Results:

The trial is currently ongoing, and it is anticipated that recruitment will be completed in December 2020.

Conclusion:

This multi-center, large-sample, randomized controlled trial will investigate the short and long-term effects of computerized cognitive training in patients with aMCI. Furthermore, the combination of functional and structural MRI results will also reveal the underlying mechanisms of the effect of intervention.
High Plasma Resistin Levels Portend the Insulin Resistance-Associated Susceptibility to Early Cognitive Decline in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wang Chenchen , Huang Xi , Tian Sai , Huang Rong , Guo Dan , Lin Hongyan , Wang Jiaqi , Wang Shaohua
Published: April 2020

Background:

Metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, obesity, and hyperlipidemia occur frequently prior to hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cause mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Objective:

We investigated the involvement of resistin in these metabolic abnormalities contributes to MCI in patients with T2DM.

Methods:

A total of 138 hospitalized patients with T2DM were enrolled and categorized into MCI and non-MCI groups according to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score. Metabolic indicators and cognitive state were assessed, and plasma resistin levels were determined by ELISA.

Results:

The resistin levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores of MCI and gender-stratified subgroups were significantly higher than those of controls without MCI (all p < 0.01). Correlation analysis showed that the resistin level was negatively associated with majority of cognitive domains, e.g., MoCA ( r = –0.693, p < 0.001) and Mini-Mental State Examination ( r = –0.571, p < 0.001), and was related to HOMA-IR ( r = 0.667, p < 0.001) but not to obesity and lipid indices. Multivariable regression analysis indicated that resistin ( β= –0.675, p < 0.001) and educational level ( β= 0.177, p = 0.003) were independent risk factors of MoCA in patients with T2DM.

Conclusions:

High plasma resistin levels portend the insulin resistance-related susceptibility to early cognitive decline in Chinese patients with T2DM. The involvement of this adipokine in other metabolic disorders leading to diabetic MCI and its clinical value for early disease screening must be further studied.
Influence of rotor structures on line-start permanent magnet machines electromagnetic characteristics for pumping units application
Authors: Huang Jinlin , Wang Chen
Published: April 2020

This paper investigates the opportunity to use a proper geometry of Line start permanent-magnet synchronous motor (LSPMSM) that allows the same stator to be used for three different rotor structures, namely, typical, solid rotor and strange rotor. The air-gap flux density, back electromotive force (EMF), cogging torque, efficiency, starting performance and synchronization capability of the three machines are analyzed and compared. It is demonstrated that the typical rotor has the highest air-gap flux density, and the strange rotor has the lowest cogging torque and highest starting torque. In addition, the solid rotor has the lowest total harmonic distortion (THD), the highest efficiency, and the lowest cost. The size of PM and rotor structure are optimized to maximize the starting torque and efficiency of the solid rotor LSPMSM based on response surface method (RSM). Finally, the solid rotor LSPMSM is prototyped to verify the results of the finite element analysis.
Mechanical strength analysis and optimization of metallic sleeve in high-speed permanent magnet synchronous machines
Authors: Gao Peng , Gu Yuxi , He Yuling , Gerada David , Wang Xiaoyuan , Gerada Chris
Published: April 2020

Metallic sleeves are widely used to ensure the mechanical integrity of rotors in high-speed permanent magnet (PM) synchronous machines (HSPMSM). However, in traditional high-speed rotors, the PMs which are very weak in tensile stress cannot be well protected by sleeves. Furthermore, the material properties of both the sleeves and PMs cannot be fully used. As a result, the high-speed running range of the machines are limited by the mechanical strength for a given rotor size. In this paper, taking a 230-kW 35-kr/min prototype as an example, the mechanical strength issues of the rotor are investigated by analytical method and finite element analysis (FEA). In order to overcome the unbalanced protective effect of the sleeve and make fully use of the materials, an optimal sleeve, as well as an improved rotor structure, is presented. The comparison results show that the optimized sleeve has well balanced protective effect to the PM as well as good utilization of materials, with a resultant increase in maximum speed of nearly 40% with respect to the prototype.
Inducing Psychotic-like Experiences without Drugs using the Witches’ Cradle
Authors: Mason Oliver J.
Published: April 2020

Various means of inducing unusual or anomalous experiences sharing similarities with psychosis have been proposed. In the present study, an ‘altered states of consciousness induction device’ (ASCID) or ‘witches’ cradle’ was used to suspend 81 participants for a short duration. The Psychotomimetic States Inventory recorded an increase in a wide variety of experiences following the cradle when compared to baseline. Psychotic-like experiences were predicted by greater positive schizotypal trait scores. Anomalous proprioceptive perceptual input appears to be capable for some individuals of inducing psychotic-like effects over a short time period.
Combination percutaneous and medical management of cardiac rhabdomyomas obstructing tricuspid valve inflow: Case report
Authors: Knadler J.J. , Lawrence E. , Iacobas I. , Justino H. , Sheth S.
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND:

Cardiac rhabdomyomas can be prenatally diagnosed in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. Many neonates require no intervention in early life other than close monitoring for regression of tumor over the period of months to years. In rare instances, cardiac rhabdomyomas can result in obstruction to blood flow or decreased ventricular function.

CASE REPORT:

We describe the case of a neonate who was prenatally diagnosed with multiple large cardiac rhabdomyomas, one of which caused clinically significant obstruction to prograde blood flow across the tricuspid valve in the newborn period. To address the disturbance to prograde pulmonary blood flow, the patient underwent successful ductal stent placement in the neonatal period. A troponin elevation was noted shortly after birth, but no evidence of coronary compression or involvement was demonstrated by coronary angiography. The patient has subsequently been treated with sirolimus over a period of three months, with noted regression in tumors and improvement in tricuspid valve inflow.

CONCLUSIONS:

A brief review of the literature regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and management of neonatal patients with cardiac rhabdomyomas is presented. A combined percutaneous and medical management approach may be of benefit in future cases of rhabdomyomas causing obstruction to pulmonary blood flow.
MAKE THE MEDICAL IMPLANTS BY USING MOLDS MANUFACTURED ON THE CNC MILLING MACHINE
Authors: Le Binh Quang , Dang Nghin Van , Tran Nguyen Dai , Huynh Nghi Huu , Bui Quoc Anh
Published: April 2020

The medical implants are most used to intensify beauty and fail-safety for the patients. In the former medical implant were made by operator's hands so the modeling of piece depends on the skills of the operators. This papper presents a method to make the medical implant by using molds manufactured on the CNC milling machine.
THE RISK OF ARSENIC POLLUTION IN MEKONG DELTA RIVER
Authors: Nguyen Ky Viet
Published: April 2020

In recent years, the development of Mekong Delta has increased significantly, has brought about the industrial and agricultural waste grow. This is considered as one of the risks that causes pollution for environment, in which Arsen is cared the most. The Arsen is detected remarkably in groundwater of UNICEF wells that are being extracted by private companies in many provinces. An evaluation of Arsen pollution in groundwater in Mekong Delta will help experts and managers to recognise the risk of Arsenic pollution and to find out appropriate solutions
Characteristic Body Mass Index and Nutrition Knowledge of Snack Food School-Age Children Among Elementary School Students at SD Ciawi Jatinangor
Authors: Veronica Fifi , Gradia Resti , Mayasari Wulan , Oktavia Nandina
Published: April 2020

Kurangnya zat gizi pada anak usia sekolah dalam waktu yang lama dapat berimplikasi pada terganggunya penambahan berat badan dan tinggi badan seorang anak yang sedang bertumbuh. Salah satu pemenuhan zat gizi harian yang penting adalah lewat kontribusi zat gizi Pangan Jajanan Anak Sekolah(PJAS) antara 15-20%.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran karakteristik status gizi (body mass index) dan tingkat pengetahuan PJAS pada anak sekolah dasar di Jatinangor.. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang deskriptif dengan menggunakan data primer melalui kuesioner dan pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan.Jumlah total sampling yang diambil sekitar 33 orang siswa kelas 4 SD Ciawi Jatinangor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar siswa berada pada status gizi kurang (underweight) baik pada laki-laki maupun perempuan. Alasan terbesar para siswa memilih jenis makanan PJAS adalah karena rasanya enak dan harganya murah. Besaran uang saku yang mereka bawa setiap harinya tidak berkorelasi dengan ketrampilan mereka dalam menentukan jenis PJAS. Perlu kerjasama yang baik antara pihak sekolah, orangtua murid dan pedagang makanan di ingkungan sekolah untuk membentuk prilaku jajan yang baik dan self efficacy yang baik pada siswa.
Formação de professores no ensino de ciências e matemática: os desvios correntes da profissão na crise estrutural do capital
Authors: Luz Greycianne Felix Cavalcante , Barroso Maria Cleide da Silva , Holanda Francisca Helena de Oliveira
Published: April 2020

A formação dos professores é parte essencial para a efetivação do objetivo da educação, tendo em vista que o docente é o agente responsável pela transmissão de conhecimento é necessário que este tenha acesso a uma boa formação.  Com uma aproximação a rede pública de ensino, mais especificamente de alunos das 1ª séries do Ensino Médio, em que se verifica a dificuldade que esses alunos trazem de conhecimentos já adquiridos em séries anteriores. Que reflete na dificuldade de aprender conteúdos mais específicos que tem como pré-requisito assuntos bases que os alunos não conseguiram ter domínio no Nível Fundamental. Pode-se observar a carência na formação docente, desta forma faz-se necessário analisar como a educação é inserida no sistema capitalista, qual o papel, a função que a educação desempenha neste sistema ao qual se vive. Para isto, apoia-se em argumentações de diversos autores que compartilham de uma base comum: a igualdade entre todos, uma sociedade sem distinção entre classes, sendo que todos sejam tratados da mesma forma, e com os mesmos direitos e deveres.
Gamificação e ensino: o jogo dialógico como estratégia didática ativa e inovadora
Authors: Ausani Paulo César , Alves Marcos Alexandre
Published: April 2020

Investiga-se as contribuições da gamificação do diálogo, na perspectiva hermenêutica, e a suas contribuições para educação. Por meio de um “jogo de perguntas respostas”, propõe-se engajar os discentes, motivando-os à participação aberta e reflexiva, no processo de promoção de uma aprendizagem ativa. Adotou-se o método exploratório e descritivo, com base em pesquisa bibliográfica, cuja intenção foi demonstrar, a partir da literatura e de alguns exemplos de experiências, a relação entre o diálogo hermenêutico, utilizado como estratégia metodológica para despertar a consciência reflexiva e criativa dos indivíduos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, e a gamificação, direcionada a engajar e a motivar os estudantes por meio da utilização da mecânica e de pensamentos baseados em jogos, oferecendo possibilidades de promoção de um ensino inovador. Enfim, infere-se que a gamificação dialógica, como estratégia didática, coloca em questão o ensino tradicional e contribui para desenvolvimento da aprendizagem ativa.
Microbiota intestinal e os fatores que influenciam na avicultura
Authors: Alexandrino Samantha Leandro de Sousa Andrade , Costa Thiago Ferreira , Silva Nadya Gabrielly Dias da , Abreu Jessica Martins de , Silva Nathan Ferreira da , Sampaio Stéfane Alves , Christofoli Marcela , Cruz Lídia Caroline Ferreira , Moura Gilvania Ferreira , Faria Priscila Paula , Minafra Cibele Silva
Published: April 2020

A avicultura de corte evoluiu e atingiu alto desempenho de produção, com diversas técnicas zootécnicas que contribuíram para o cenário atual, incluindo ambiência, genética e dieta – todas contribuindo e otimizando o sistema digestório das aves. O trato gastrointestinal é um sistema com diversas funções e atribuições dentro do organismo, dentre elas, digestão do hospedeiro, imunidade e bom funcionamento do sistema. A microbiota do intestino tem efeitos diretos sobre os processos metabólicos e posteriormente sobre o desempenho das aves. Assuntos relacionados a microbiota adquiriram relevância tanto para a manutenção quanto modulação destes microrganismos. Uma das manobras utilizadas no sentido de manipulação da microflora intestinal foi o uso de antibióticos, atuando como promotores de crescimento; porém esta classe de aditivo, por pressão sanitária, deverá ser abolida nos próximos anos, o que faz aparecer no cenário outras opções, dentre elas, os aditivos fitogênicos. Dentre estes últimos, os óleos essenciais têm ganhado destaque por sua atividade benéfica na microbiota bem como sua composição natural e impactos não residuais no processo. Com base nisto, objetivou-se a revisão sobre as pautas que tangem a microbiota intestinal na avicultura.
Schinus terebinthifolius raddi pepper oil used as na addictive in Hyphessobrycon eques steindachner fish diet
Authors: Porto Everton Luís Nascimento , Lima Fernando Freitas de , Sousa Rebeca Maria , Banhara David Giovanni de Almeida , Mendonça Wesley Clovis Barbieri , Honorato Claucia Aparecida
Published: April 2020

Pepper fruit oil has antioxidant and antifungal properties that can benefit the health and well-being of fish. The objective of this study was to evaluate the benefits of the inclusion of brazillian pepper crude oil in the development and staining of Mato Grosso fish (Hyphessobrycon eques Steindachner, 1882). A total of 68 specimens of bush were distributed in four 10 L units in an individual recirculation system and thermostat water at 28° C. During the 60-day test, the fish were fed commercial diet (DC) and commercial diet supplemented with brazillian pepper essential oil (5g.kg-1) (DP). At the end of the experimental period, survival, growth, staining and thermogenicity were evaluated. Data were analyzed by the Tukey test (P>0.05). The addition of brazzilian pepper oil promoted higher fish survival (94.11%) and better condition factor (1.87). There was no difference in diet consumption by fish. However, the growth factors were smaller compared to the control group, except for the gain in length. The control group presented more homogenous weight, while the best size uniformity was obtained for the DP group. In highlight the DP provided an increase in fish thermogenicity and also increased staining in the L* and a* indices. It is concluded that this dose of pink pepper oil is not recommended as a complement to optimize color in ornamental fish, however, the substance is shown as a promising bioactive for the development of the immune system of these fish.