bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The outcomes of mindfulness-based interventions for adults who have experienced a traumatic brain injury: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Kenuk, MS, CTRS Sophia , Porter, PhD, CTRS Heather R.
Published: August 2018

This literature review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for adults following a traumatic brain injury. A comprehensive literature search yielded 56 articles, of which 16 met the inclusion criteria. Five different MBIs were identified, including mindfulness-based stress reduction, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, mindfulness training, yoga, tai chi, and qigong. A total of 88 outcomes in the areas of cognition, home and community activities, physical functioning, psychosocial functioning, and recovery and general health were measured across the studies, of which 66 of the 88 outcomes found significant, positive, or significant and positive mixed results (75 percent) across all of the studies. Although more research is needed, these findings indicate that MBIs hold promise in improving functioning. Recommendations for recreational therapy practice and future research are provided.
The impact of therapeutic recreation camps on adults with disabilities
Authors: Thompson, MS, CTRS Ashlee R. A. , Wozencroft, PhD, CTRS Angela J. , Parsons, MS, CTRS Macie D.
Published: August 2018

Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine the perceived benefits that adults with disabilities experience from participating in a therapeutic recreation camp.Methods: Participants selected were between the ages of 22 and 65, had attended the camp one or more times, and had no difficulties communicating. Participant interviews were conducted during the camp and recorded. After interview completion, data were transcribed verbatim and QDA Miner software was used to organize and code the data for themes. Researchers used the constant comparative method of data analysis to form a collaborative code book.Results: Main themes that emerged were: positive affect, confidence, and positive socialization. Participants shared benefits of: feelings of belonging, being accepted without judgment, and establishing an emotional connection with others outside of one's family.
The therapeutic use of art with women experiencing postpartum mood disorders
Authors: De Vries, DHA, CTRS Dawn , Schaible, CTRS Crystal , Vincent, CTRS Kathryn , Sheridan, CTRS Stephanie , Royston, CTRS Whitney , Hohn DeAnna
Published: August 2018

This review article presents an exploration of the therapeutic use of art with women experiencing postpartum mood disorders (PPMD). Existing research is discussed to discover if the therapeutic use of arts is beneficial for women with PPMD and to identify the use of this intervention by recreational therapists. While limited research exists on the therapeutic use of art with women experiencing PPMD specifically, the research on two specific programs for this population demonstrated positive outcomes including a reduction in symptoms, increased self-esteem, improved self-confidence, and enhanced social supports. Guidelines are suggested for the implementation of the therapeutic use of art with women living with PPMD, as well as topics for future study.
If you don't measure it, you won't improve it: The advancement of recreational therapy through collaborative research
Authors: Bennett, PhD, CTRS Jessie L. , Piatt, PhD, CTRS Jennifer Ann , Townsend, PhD, CTRS Jasmine , Taylor, MS, CTRS Jenn
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this article is to describe the impact collaboration between recreational therapy (RT) researchers and practitioners can have on clinical outcomes and evidence-based practice. Although collaboration is not a new concept, few individuals develop partnerships designed to measure the clinical outcomes associated with RT. The primary reason collaborations are not developed is due to misconceptions from both the researcher and the practitioner on how the collaborative research process impacts direct client care. Furthermore, budget cuts, lack of time, and limited resources can make it challenging for successful collaborations to develop. This article will define collaboration, identify how collaborative partnerships advance the development of clinical outcomes, describe common challenges associated with successful collaborations between practitioners and researchers, and provide the seven steps used to accomplish a successful collaboration.
A systematic review of mind and body complementary health practices for informal caregivers
Authors: Walter, MS, CTRS Alysha A. , Van Puymbroeck, PhD, CTRS, FDRT Marieke , Townsend, PhD, CTRS Jasmine , Linder, PhD Sandra M. , Schmid, PhD, OTR Arlene A.
Published: August 2018

This systematic review examined available literature on mind and body complementary health practices for informal caregivers (ICG). The United States Department of Health and Human Services defines mind and body complementary health practices as acupuncture, massage therapy, chiropractic osteopathic manipulation, healing touch, hypnotherapy, guided imagery, breathing exercises, progressive muscle relaxation, yoga, tai chi, qi gong, Rolfing Structural Integration, Feldenkrais method, Alexander technique, and Trager psychophysical integration. Literature related to these mind and body practices were searched using PubMed, Elton B. Stephens Co. (EBSCO), and Google Scholar databases. The screening process resulted in 220 sources that appeared for the search terms “ICG” and each of the mind and body practices. Four yoga manuscripts met the final inclusion criteria. While the level of evidence for ICG is weak generally, examples of improvements after yoga participation included reduced depression levels and state anxiety, and improvement in physical fitness. Implications for recreational therapy practice are discussed.
Returning to golf after a cerebrovascular accident in collaboration with a PGA golf pro and a recreation therapist
Authors: Grieshaber, MS, CRC, LRT/CTRS, CBIS Amanda F. , Johnson, PhD, LRT/CTRS Danny E. , Crowe, PhD, LRT/CTRS Brandi
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this qualitative research study was to determine the extent to which collaboration between a Professional Golfers’ Association of America (PGA) golf pro and a licensed recreation therapist influenced an experienced golfer's return to participation in the sport postcerebrovascular accident. Qualitative data were obtained through semistructured interviews and observations. Four themes emerged from the data: (a) activity as motivation, (b) the PGA golf pro's understanding of disability, (c) caregiver support of the participant, and (d) changes in social interaction poststroke. The results from this study could have important implications for PGA golf pros and recreation therapists who work with individuals who have a desire to return to golf after a cerebrovascular accident or other disabiling conditions.
The comfort derived from social comparisons at a camp for youth with neuromuscular disease
Authors: Knapp, PhD Doug , Dawson, MA, CTRS Shay , Piatt, PhD, CTRS Jennifer , Devine, PhD, CTRS Mary Ann , Knackmuhs, PhD Eric
Published: August 2018

Evidence suggests that disability-specific camps may positively affect the social domains of youth with disabilities while attending residential programs. However, research has not focused on neuromuscular disease-specific camps despite a national programming presence. The current study used a qualitative phenomenological approach with 14 youth from a Muscular Dystrophy Association specific camp. The five to six-month post camp interviews yielded three themes associated with the participants' camp experience. There were recollections of the activities related to the camp, a strong feeling of comfort while participating in this week-long experience, and an apparent ease to which all of the participants were able to get along with each other due to the acceptance of each camper and their life's story. The application of social comparison theory to individuals experiencing health conditions is used to interpret the findings of this exploratory study.
The benefits of aquatic therapy as determined by a Pairwise Thematic Content Analysis of the peer-reviewed journals in therapeutic recreation
Authors: Kensinger, PhD, CTRS Kari , Bates, BS Sabrina , Breuer, BS Sarah , Johnson, BS Erin , Rhode, BS Kylie , Webber, BS Deanne
Published: August 2018

Aquatic therapy is an intervention commonly used by recreational therapists. This study used a pairwise content analysis of the American Journal of Recreation Therapy, the American Therapeutic Recreation Association's Annual in Therapeutic Recreation, and the Therapeutic Recreation Journal from 2003-2014 in order to determine the benefits of aquatic therapy. Many articles reviewed used a repeated measure analysis, or pre- and post-test evaluation to measure physiological benefits, leisure satisfaction, quality of life, self-efficacy, and pain. The three most common populations studied include: arthritis, autism spectrum disorder, and multiple sclerosis.
Perceived benefits for informal caregivers after an 8-week yoga intervention for people with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Walter, MS, CTRS Alysha A. , Van Puymbroeck, PhD, CTRS, FDRT Marieke , Hawkins, PhD, LRT/CTRS Brent L. , Woschkolup, MD Kathleen , Urrea-Mendoza, MD Enrique , Revilla, MD Fredy J. , Schmid, PhD, OTR Arlene A.
Published: August 2018

An informal caregiver (ICG) is a family member and/or friend who provides unpaid care to an individual with a disability or chronic disease. ICGs often put their healthcare second while caring for their loved ones; and this may lead to negative impacts on their well-being. ICGs attended an 8-week therapeutic yoga intervention for their care recipients with Parkinson’s disease. ICGs who participated in the yoga classes were assessed utilizing a retrospective pretest and traditional post-test to determine the presence of depressive symptoms and positive aspects of caregiving. Although the sample size was small, data revealed improvements in depressive symptoms and positive aspects of caregiving. Focus group and individual interview data revealed five qualitative categories: yoga engagement, relationship improvement, psychological improvements, functional improvements, and community engagement. Future research should expand participation of ICGs in yoga trials to determine the extent of changes in psychosocial well-being.
Video games: How and why recreational therapists should implement them
Authors: Fish, PhD Matthew T.
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this article is to explore two specific video game modalities–casual video games and exergames–that recreational therapists (RTs) can use for therapeutic intervention. The article will address the effects of such video game modalities on mental and physical health. Requirements and how to use the video game modalities in the recreational therapy setting are shared. Implications and future research ideas for RTs are discussed.
Application of the ICAN model for transition-aged youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Watts, MS, CTRS Cassandra , Porter, PhD, CTRS Heather R. , Snethen, PhD, CTRS Gretchen
Published: August 2018

Successful community integration (CI) is a concern for transition-aged youth (TAY) with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). TAY with IDD transitioning into adulthood show a decrease in community participation as they age, participate less frequently in the community, have less environmental support, have low employment rates, and tend to participate in more isolated, solitary, and passive activities. In an attempt to improve CI outcomes for this population, transitioning services are mandated in the public-school system; however, lack of compliance and a consistent model pose major concerns. Although developed for adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, the Independence through Community Access and Navigation (ICAN) intervention may be a relevant CI model for recreational therapists (RTs) to use with TAY with IDD. It is a theoretically grounded intervention designed to support participation in community activities through coparticipation with an RT and skill building in the community environment. This article will present issues regarding CI for TAY with IDD, discuss the need for an RT transitioning model for this population, and present a rationale for the application of the ICAN model by RTs for TAY with IDD.
A passion deficit
Authors: Austin, PhD, FDRT, FALS David R.
Published: August 2018

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Suicide risk factors among veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder: Implications for recreation therapy
Authors: Tysor, MS, TRS, CTRS Deborah A.
Published: August 2018

Disproportionately high rates of suicide among veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) accentuate the need for greater understanding of self-injurious behaviors and diagnostic comorbidities that increase suicide risk factors. This paper outlines PTSD diagnostic criteria, discusses comorbidities that increase an individual’s risk of suicide, and introduces practical information recreational therapists can use to improve interventions. Emphasis is placed on the facilitation of interventions that address self-injury and promote positive coping mechanisms. Recreational therapists have a unique opportunity to introduce constructive behaviors that serve the same function as self-injury without causing harm to the individual.
Preparing future professionals to serve as moral agents
Authors: Wise, PhD, CTRS James B.
Published: August 2018

Therapeutic recreation/recreation therapy (TR/RT) is a value-laden, moral, learned-service profession in which professionals are called to enhance the well-being of people with illnesses and disabling conditions. Functioning well entails being competent with requisite technical knowledge, skills, and abilities and learning of, adopting, and acting in accordance with the profession’s calling. This brief article concentrates on the second aspect, the development of future professionals who adopt and act in accordance with the profession's calling. The hope is this inquiry spurs dialog on the best way to develop future professionals who serve as moral agents.
Warm-water—A recreational therapy intervention: A case report
Authors: Passmore, EdD, CTRS/L, FDRT Tim , Gbur, BS, MS Taylor , Lindenmeier, PhD Donna , Price, PhD, ATC Taryn , Passmore, BS, CTRS/L, ATRIC Jonette
Published: August 2018

The use of the aquatic environment, as a modality and a setting for treatment, is well documented in healthcare literature.1-13 The application of aquatic interventions by recreational therapists has also been documented but to a lesser extent.14-19 The present case report will add to the recreational therapy literature related to the use of the aquatic environment and provide insight related to a 6-year-old male diagnosed with cerebral palsy and other conditions which have resulted in physical limitations from a southwestern community who participated in a 2-month warm-water intervention program provided by a recreational therapist dually credentialed in aquatic therapy.
Functional independence 6 months to 5 years after traumatic brain injury: Opportunities for recreational therapy
Authors: Gregory, MBA, CTRS Donna L. , Hawkins, PhD, LRT/CTRS Brent L. , Chan, MD, MPH Leighton
Published: August 2018

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can have a lasting and devastating impact on individuals and their families. The effects of TBI are complex and may impair cognitive and psychosocial function. The purpose of this study was to identify impairments 6 months to 5 years after TBI and to recognize opportunities for recreational therapy (RT) to address functional needs. Results indicated that psychosocial adjustment and cognitive improvements occurred between 90 and 180 days after injury. However, impairment in several cognitive and psychosocial adjustment subscales persisted 1 to 5 years after injury. Community-based RT interventions focused on cognitive compensatory strategies, environmental adaptation, and social skill development may help individuals experiencing long-term impairments.
Gaming for stress: Application of a commercially available biofeedback system for at-risk young adolescents
Authors: Fish, PhD Matthew T.
Published: August 2018

This article provides a brief overview of a novel 4-week biofeedback program. The purpose of the Stress Suspension Program was to provide a community-engaged partnership to teach young adolescents with behavioral issues how to increase their stress resiliency through the prescription of a commercially available biofeedback system that recreational therapists can integrate into the clinical setting. Stress management programs that address areas of improvement are needed to ensure that young adolescents with behavioral issues have the necessary tools to improve their quality of life and educational experiences. Qualitative feedback gathered for the Stress Suspension Program indicated a positive impact on students’ resiliency and provided constructive feedback for future program improvements.
Recreational Therapy for Specific Diagnoses and Conditions Edited by Heather R. Porter, PhD, CTRS
Authors: Dieser, PhD, CTRS Rodney B.
Published: August 2018

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Emergency management today and tomorrow
Authors: Waugh, Jr., PhD, Editor-in-chief William L.
Published: August 2018

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REMEMBER THOSE FIRST RESPONDERS
Authors: Sylves Richard
Published: August 2018

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Just what is it emergency managers do, anyway?
Authors: Long, AEM Maureen
Published: August 2018

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Ambulance safety in the United States
Authors: Maguire, MSA, EMT-P Brian J.
Published: August 2018

This paper reviews the dangers associated with ambulances in the United States. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) data, vehicle collisions involving ambulances result in twice as many injuries as the national average.Other dangers include: the safety of the vehicle itself; the lack of sufficient occupant protection in the ambulance patient compartment; distractions of the ambulance operator associated with operating lights, sirens, and communication equipment during emergency responses; drowsiness of the ambulance operator associated with extended work hours; and the lack of standardized or test- ed emergency vehicle operator training.Recommendations for improvement include: safety testing for vehicle crashworthiness, testing of diesel fume exposure among emergency medical services (EMS) personnel, and improved safety procedures for EMS personnel. Every effort must be made to make ambulances the safest vehicles on the roads of the United States.
Mitigation of social stress from critical incidents
Authors: Peterson, PhD, CEM Danny
Published: August 2018

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The global challenge of the new terrorism
Authors: Waugh, Jr., PhD William L.
Published: August 2018

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Community consultation: The foundation of effective risk management
Authors: Lunn John
Published: August 2018

Since the development of the Australian New Zealand Standard on Risk Management (AS/NZ 4360:1995), the philosophy and concepts have been embraced and applied in many contexts outside of the insurance industry. One of these contexts is emergency management.The reason it has been adopted as a mantra in emergency management is that it appears to make emergency management more “scientific.” There appears to be a generally held belief that the more scientific we become, through the incorporation of numbers, the more it will guarantee our successful management of emergencies and disasters.Within the standard, there is brief reference to the need for communication with all “stakeholders.” This catch-all phrase would implicitly include the community. But I contend that unless consultation with the community is explicit and specific and we start talking “with” rather than “at” the community, emergency management is treading down a path that could lead to a community perception and reputation that is currently “enjoyed” by the insurance industry.
The community dispatch center: An assessment of a neglected component of emergency management
Authors: Gardner, TCLEOSE, BS Mistie , McEntire, PhD David A.
Published: August 2018

This paper addresses the important role of the community dispatch center (DC) in emergency management. Through a detailed literature search and a survey of professionals in the field, we uncover the problems facing dispatch centers and identify their prospective solutions. We draw upon our experience to discuss the implications of our findings for emergency managers and others involved with dispatch centers. Our hope is that additional attention and resources will be given to dispatch centers to improve their operation in times of disaster.
The rationale for cross-training in emergency management and public health: New certificate program
Authors: Guidotti, MD, MPH Tee L. , Barbera, MD Joseph A. , Harrald, PhD John R.
Published: August 2018

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News briefs
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: August 2018

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Terror alerts boosted Rhode Island’s emergency response performance
Authors: Keeley Robert
Published: August 2018

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Litigation mitigation: Proactive risk management in the wake of the West Warwick club fire
Authors: Nicholson, JD William C.
Published: August 2018

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A Web-based, real-time alert system for secondary responders
Authors: Kurtz, DDS, FAGD Barry D. , Friedman, DDS, DABFO, AcD B. K.
Published: August 2018

Devastating events have become commonplace today, debilitating organizations and society the world over. Given the number of emergency workers who must respond during a mass disaster, coordination of communications is essential. However, because forensic workers and other secondary responders are not always equipped with communication devices, a method other than an inefficient telephone chain link is needed to alert emergency workers. In light of this need for a universal alerting system during times of crisis management, the Forensic Disaster Team of the Suffolk County (NY) Medical Examiner has started using a Web-based, real-time, multi-modality alert system for forensic workers and other secondary responders. This article will look at the reasons for choosing this system and the benefits derived from it.
Causation of catastrophe: Lessons from Hurricane Georges
Authors: McEntire, PhD David A.
Published: August 2018

What are the causes of disaster? This paper intends to answer this question by examining the impact of Hurricane Georges on the Dominican Republic in 1998. The paper explores the geographic and developmental context of the Caribbean nation, identifies the many factors that contributed to the disaster, and looks at the subsequent effects and response operations. The paper underscores how numerous variables from the physical and social environments interact to produce a disaster. It concludes with suggestions for improving disaster management operations in the future.
The new role of higher education in emergency management
Authors: Blanchard, PhD, CEM B. Wayne
Published: August 2018

This paper discusses the role of higher education in hazard, disaster, emergency, risk, and crisis management, as it pertains to escalating disaster losses in the United States and an evolving emergency management profession. Given that these losses have been escalating for decades and are projected to become even larger, what is being done today in terms of emergency management is not adequate. The time is now for a new national approach to disaster-related emergency management, one that calls on colleges and universities to help bridge the gap between the emergency management body of knowledge and current practices. This paper describes one tool for bridging this gap—FEMA’s Emergency Management Institute Higher Education Project—as well as evolving educational opportunities for students and emergency management practitioners.
Design characteristics of emergency operating centers: What we know and don’t know
Authors: Neal, PhD David M.
Published: August 2018

Although Emergency Operating Centers (EOCs) are the focal point of disaster response operations, little systematic or empirical information is available to guide their effective design. This paper reviews literature on EOCs, focusing on site location (for both primary EOCs and secondary and ad hoc EOCs), types of rooms, and internal design. Its conclusion: During this time of increasing disasters and potential terrorism, a systematic analysis is needed to determine how to design and configure effective EOCs.
Measuring human aggression: How to identify someone who intends to do harm
Authors: Byrnes, DHum John D.
Published: August 2018

According to the New York Post, New York police officers are to be on the lookout for “men who appear freshly shaven with cuts or nicks-which could indicate a beard had just been removed-as well as anyone with ill-fitting uniforms or ‘unfamiliar forms’ of identification.” 1 American citizens are anxious about their futures, partly because of the inability to identify a terrorist. Consulting statistician W. Edwards Deming popularized the phrase, “If you can’t measure it, you can’t manage it.”As part of a mission to prevent human aggression, the author has developed a means of measuring aggression, for use in schools, businesses, and government agencies. After September 11, 2001, these principles of measurement were extended to include identifying a terrorist. This article describes the Complete Aggression Continuum, as well as how and why measuring aggression works.
New Products
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: August 2018

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Summer 2003
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: August 2018

Volume 1, Number 2
Do we truly plan for disasters . . . or is our plan the disaster?
Authors: Mayo, MA Charles C.
Published: August 2018

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Five reasons executives refuse media training
Authors: Patterson Bill
Published: August 2018

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Integrating local, state, and federal responders and EM: New packaging and new controls
Authors: Nicholson, JD William C.
Published: August 2018

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Training a new generation of public health professionals and laboratorians for our nation’s biodefense
Authors: Hotez, MD, PhD Peter J.
Published: August 2018

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A full-scale drill of a Hazmat recovery operation
Authors: Nawrocki, MA, DDS Lillian A. , Kurtz, DDS, FAGD Barry D. , Friedman, DDS, DABFO, ACD B. K.
Published: August 2018

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An examination of preparedness, response, and recovery for the La Plata, Maryland, tornado
Authors: Schwartz, PhD Robert M.
Published: August 2018

The most severe tornado of spring, 2002, did not occur in Tornado Alley but in La Plata, MD. It was first classified as an F5 but then reclassified as an F4 on the Fujita Tornado Intensity Scale. This paper examines preparedness, response, and recovery issues by studying the town of La Plata (a bedroom community south of Washington, DC), Charles County, Maryland, and the National Weather Service. Methods employed included a site visit, field observations, and interviews.
Behavioral and organizational responses to terrorism: A model based on 9/11
Authors: Fischer III, PhD Henry W.
Published: August 2018

The author’s 1998 white paper (completed for the US Department of Defense as a result of Presidential Decision Directive 39) applied the research literature on behavioral and organizational response to outline what might occur in the aftermath of a terrorist attack. It argued that it presented the best model available and should be applied when developing mitigation, preparedness, and response plans in anticipation of possible domestic nuclear, biological, and chemical terrorism.The terrorism events of September 11, 2001, have provided a basis for assessing this argument. The current article reviews the earlier argument by using updated disaster research to describe the behavioral and organizational response challenges a community or nation would likely encounter in a terrorist attack with weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Anecdotal evidence from the events of 9/11 is included to assess the efficacy of the literature as a model.
Newsbriefs
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: August 2018

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The “all-hazards” approach must be continued
Authors: Waugh, Jr., PhD William L.
Published: August 2018

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The jigsaw puzzle of emergency planning
Authors: Mayo, MA Charles C.
Published: August 2018

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The future of emergency management
Authors: Bullock Jane A. , Haddow George D.
Published: August 2018

The discipline of emergency management (EM) is at a critical crossroads. Emergency managers around the world are faced with new threats, new responsibilities, and new opportunities. This paper examines the organizational changes made by the US federal government in shaping the new Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and presents three key lessons learned during the past decade that could guide emergency planners as they design and manage EM organizations of the future.
An overview of the “new” emergency management
Authors: Schneider, PhD Robert O.
Published: August 2018

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Developing a professional standards model for the fire service
Authors: Riley, MS Christopher P. , Sarbo, PhD Linda D.
Published: August 2018

While police agencies have well-established internal affairs processes, professional standards units (PSUs) are rare in fire service agencies with fewer than 1,000 employees. In response to increased public scrutiny and growing concerns about liability issues, fire service agencies are implementing PSUs.This study was designed to develop and validate a prototype professional standards manual for fire service agencies. We reviewed professional standards divisions in fire service and police departments, and interviewed representatives of selected agencies to establish parameters for successful PSUs. Based on this review, a professional standards model was developed. For validation, the prototype was submitted to four fire service professionals for review and comment. Their comments were supplemented by phone interviews and incorporated into the model.
DVATEX: Navy medicine’s pioneering approach to improving hospital emergency preparedness
Authors: Chaffee, ScD(h), MS, RN, CNAA, FAAN Mary W. , Miranda, RN, MS, MPA Shauneen M. , Padula, MHA, BS, CHE, PC Robert M. , Lauda, MS, BS Mark R. , Skelly, BS, EMT-P John E. , Oster, MD Neill S. , Bright, BS Randall A.
Published: August 2018

The level of emergency preparedness considered adequate for hospitals prior to the events of 9/11 is no longer sufficient. To analyze and improve emergency preparedness in Navy healthcare facilities, the US Navy Medical Department has established the Disaster Preparedness, Vulnerability Analysis, Training and Exercise (DVATEX, pronounced ‘dee-va-tex’) program. The four-stage program includes a hospital or clinic self-assessment, a site visit to each Navy hospital and clinic (during which a team of emergency preparedness experts trains staff, performs a vulnerability analysis, and conducts an exercise of the facility’s emergency management plan), development of an after-action report, and ongoing support to improve preparedness (Figure 1). In its first year, the DVATEX program has been successful in identifying hospital vulnerabilities, applying remedies, and developing long-term plans to improve preparedness.
A model of organizational recovery
Authors: Allen, PhD Rick , Toder, PhD Francine
Published: August 2018

Organizational recovery refers to the process of recuperating from the disruption caused by a traumatic event. It is a flexible process based on planning that aids in recovering from disasters while minimizing lost revenues, addressing the welfare of employees, and providing a model of recovery for the business community. This article reviews community models, and focuses on selected primary pre-incident and event variables that affect recovery, as well as a model of organizational recovery that can improve the survivability of organizations.
Transition from response to recovery after the Lancaster, TX, tornado: An empirical description
Authors: Neal, PhD David M.
Published: August 2018

Disaster researchers and disaster managers have relied upon various depictions of disaster phases for their professional activities, but there has been little empirical examination of these phases. This paper looks at when response activities started and ended and when recovery efforts began following a tornado. The data indicate that the transition from response to recovery is not a discrete event; rather, soon after response activities were initiated within the community, recovery efforts were also started. Although disaster phases provide an effective way to organize data and actual events, they need much further empirical and theoretical examination if they are to be an important component of disaster research and disaster management.
Mass decontamination: Why re-invent the wheel?
Authors: Sullivan, CEM, CHMM Dennis K.
Published: August 2018

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New products
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: August 2018

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Winter 2004
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: August 2018

Volume 2, Number 1
Letter to the editor
Authors: Huder, CEM Roger
Published: August 2018

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Volunteer coordination centers: Building community response capacity
Authors: Brown, MS William David
Published: August 2018

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Disconnects between expectations and deliverables among emergency responders
Authors: Besserman, MD, MS Richard , Peterson, PhD, CEM Danny , Johnston, CEM, MPA Dan , Rodabaugh, MS Cmdr. Lyle
Published: August 2018

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Reassessing materials for use by persons with special needs to expediently shelter in place
Authors: Metz, PhD William C. , Malik, PhD Nick , Tanzman, JD Edward , Filer Scott
Published: August 2018

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Living in the “new normal”
Authors: Simon Neil
Published: August 2018

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Hazardous materials and emergency management: A primer on hazmat law
Authors: St. Cyr, MPA, JD, CEM Joseph F.
Published: August 2018

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Spring 2004
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: August 2018

Volume 2, Number 2
People-related aspects of emergency management
Authors: Simon, BS, MA Neil
Published: August 2018

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A précis on political theory and emergency management
Authors: Sylves, PhD Richard T.
Published: August 2018

This article is a short overview of political and public management theory in emergency management. The work applies the dichotomous public management theories of Jefferson and Hamilton to emergency management. The establishment of emergency management as a profession, the bureaucratic politics of the field, principal agent theory, and codification/diffusion of knowledge are discussed.
Case study of a chemical fire in an urban neighborhood: A wakeup call for the emergency response system
Authors: Degher, PhD Alexandra , Harding, PhD Anna K.
Published: August 2018

In August 1992, a fire occurred at a computer circuit board manufacturing facility located in South Phoenix, Arizona, in which toxic smoke blanketed the surrounding community for a period of over eight hours. Debate continues as to whether or not government agencies took the steps needed to protect the exposed community during this emergency. Gov ernment officials were impeded in their ability to be effective due to organizational issues (lack of funding, poor communication, and an unfriendly political environment) and their inability to link exposures to reported health problems. Residents believed the case was one of environmental racism. This case study explores the factors that played a role in the unsatisfactory outcome of this event, and highlights the impact that citizen involvement had in improving the local emergency response system.
Western State Hospital disaster response, Franklin, Virginia: September/October 1999 GO TEAM narrative report
Authors: Frushour Susan Tydings
Published: August 2018

This article describes the efforts of the Western State Hospital (WSH) GO TEAM staff to develop a mental health, disaster response program based on their own Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) team. Four social workers from WSH were deployed to eastern Virginia following significant flooding caused by Hurricane Floyd. Their experiences and the lessons they learned are detailed in this article.
Breaking down barriers: Collaborative education drives collective change
Authors: Barg, EdD Rose
Published: August 2018

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14th World Conference on Disaster Management, Toronto, Canada
Authors: Auger David
Published: August 2018

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Sources of emergency management law: An overview
Authors: Nicholson, JD William C.
Published: August 2018

This article is the first in a series dealing with legal issues in emergency management. It provides an overview of the sources of emergency management law, and, more specifically, addresses the topic of negligence. The upcoming issue of the Journal of Emer gency Management will tackle the legal issues associated with immunities.
Psychological and social characteristics of a terrorist and their application in society and emergency management
Authors: Stambler, BA, EMT Kimberly
Published: August 2018

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Tornado damage in context: Lessons learned from the May 5, 2002, storm in Happy, Texas
Authors: Monfredo, PhD William
Published: August 2018

After a slow start to the 2002 tornado season, a tornado impacted the western and extreme southern sections of Happy, Texas. A damage survey was conducted within 24 hours. This article explores how the context in which a tornado occurs influences how the media portrays the event. Broadcasters covering the Happy, Texas storm included images of what appeared to be total destruction. However, most of the structures performed remarkably well during this fundamentally weak tornado. On the other hand, the complete destruction of a few mobile homes resulted in two deaths and an F2 rating on the Fujita scale. This raises issues concerning tornado intensity forecasts as well as the use of automobiles as shelters for residents of mobile homes located in the path of weak tornadoes.
Disaster mortuary operations: A look at the national disaster medical system response
Authors: Holman, Sr., LTC, MS Vincent B.
Published: August 2018

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Emergency management: Consequence management decision making
Authors: Gibney Lisa A. , Hansen Scott E. , Wright, CEM Walter E.
Published: August 2018

Emergency managers have a dilemma in deciding what to do when there is an emergency that affects their community. Those who have habitual hazards in their community are basically prepared. When a tornado is sighted in “tornado alley,” everyone knows what to do. When a hurricane is coming to shore along the Florida and Texas Gulf Coast, there are basic emergency steps to follow. But in this time of new and more challenging risks, we need a better system to coordinate community emergency decision making, no matter what the hazard. A simple solution is to adopt the four-level emergency event classification system that is already in use with communities with commercial nuclear power plants.
Chemical and bioterrorism: An integrated emergency management approach at the undergraduate level
Authors: Wagner, PhD, BCE, ME Vaughn E. , Venso, PhD Elichia A.
Published: August 2018

The accredited Environmental Health Science BS degree program at Salisbury University, a member institution of the University System of Maryland, has developed an integrated chemical and bioterrorism course for undergraduate students and emergency management professionals. The one-credit class meets once a week. Course design is adapted from the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) integrated approach to chemical and bioterrorist defensive training strategies. Course objectives are to gain knowledge of specific chemical and biological agents; become familiar with peacetime equivalents and surrogate agents; understand biomedical and environmental factors related to agent exposures; become familiar with integrated response strategies; and gain understanding of government policy issues, agency coordination, and field operations.Student input is based on specific discipline group response and participation in a simulated bioagent release. Discipline groups include public and emergency health, media, critical incident stress analysis, and conflict resolution. Student evaluations of the first course offered in the fall semester of 2002 indicated that the simulated release exercise gave each student an increased awareness of multiagency response necessary to mitigate bioterrorist-initiated events. Evaluation results also suggested the following modifications: include at least one community professional in each discipline group, extend the course to two credits, and schedule the class in late afternoon to accommodate working professionals.
Fall 2004
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: August 2018

Volume 2, Number 4
Using evaluation theory to augment the homeland security exercise and evaluation program (HSEEP) guidance for evaluating operations-based exercises
Authors: Renger, PhD, MEP Ralph , Jansen, MPH Anneke , Peacock, MPH Erin , Cimetta, MPH Adriana , Surdam, MPH Jessica
Published: August 2018

Exercises play a crucial role in better preparing for, responding to, and recovering from an emergency by providing opportunities for responders and officials to practice and assess their collective capabilities. Conducting a thorough evaluation of these exercises is critical to ensuring that the nation continually improves its ability to save lives and property. A major emphasis of the Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP) is on defining and evaluating capability- based objectives to determine the impact of an exercise. Using the integrated theory of evaluation, it is shown how a cost-effective, quality evaluation of operations- based exercises can be conducted while simultaneously not interfering or adding to the burden of exercise players, controllers, or evaluators. It is hoped that this article will act as a catalyst in moving HSEEP to recognize the potential of other sources of information to assist in conducting a more comprehensive evaluation and amend their guidelines accordingly.
Protecting the functionality of airports during disaster responses: Humanitarian responses to terrorism, war, civil war, and riots
Authors: Smith, PhD, PE, Captain USNR (Ret), MASCE James Fielding , Waggoner, BA, EMT-P, EMSI Sandra Sue , Rabjohn, CEM Arthur , Bachar, BGen (Ret) Avi
Published: August 2018

The response to almost any disaster has major roles for airports that carry out many or all the functions in an incident management system or act as key assets (emergency support functions). Disaster response itself stresses airports and should require protective measures that may be policy, organizational, operational, physical, or defensive. If the response is humanitarian relief during an intentional disaster such as terrorism, war, civil war, or riot, defensive protective measures become critical to airport functionality, continuity of business, and continuity of operations. This article examines 18 airports for threats to functionality and appropriate, effective defensive measures against these threats. In a disaster, an airport can substitute for almost anything else, but nothing else can substitute for an airport. This truism becomes particularly acute when the operational stresses of humanitarian relief and intentional threats coincide at an airport.
Capabilities-based planning: A framework for local planning success?
Authors: Reibestein, BA Jeffrey L.
Published: August 2018

In September 2007, the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) published the National Preparedness Guidelines which advocate a capabilitiesbased planning (CBP) approach to preparedness for state, local, and tribal governments. This article provides an overview of capabilities-based planning and a more specific focus on the aims, objectives, and components of the DHS CBP model. The article also summarizes what scholars have previously suggested are fundamental elements for successful emergency and disaster planning focusing specifically on Quarantelli’s 10 research-based principles. The article evaluates the effectiveness of the DHS CBP model in helping local governments incorporate these fundamental elements into their planning efforts and concludes with an overall assessment of the DHS CBP model as a framework for local planning success.
Emergency preparedness: Using the Internet to educate the public
Authors: Brown, PhD Kelly L. , Scheungrab, BS Christina
Published: August 2018

This research examines the use of the Internet to educate the public on emergency management and homeland security issues. Despite the fact that disasters, when they occur, happen at the local level and directly impact the general public, the public is conspicuously absent from emergency management planning and training activities at all levels. This is true despite research which suggests that the public, given accurate and relevant information, can respond well to disasters. Educating the public on possible disasters, response scenarios, and other key emergency management issues is a critical first step to engaging the public in emergency management. The current research investigates the use of one means of educating the public, the Internet, on emergency management and homeland security issues. Content analysis of the 50 largest cities in one Midwestern state was conducted to determine the following: if the Internet is used to educate the public, the types of homeland security and emergency management information available to the public on city web sites, and how difficult the existing information is to access. Results show that few cities are using the Internet as a means of educating the public on emergency management issues. Future research should investigate other means by which the general public should be educated and engaged in emergency management and how the public is using the emergency management information available to them.
Storming the castle: Strategies for a successful Homeland Security Grant Application
Authors: McDonough, JD David M. , Easton, JD, MA Joshua , Shore-Suslowitz, JD Rebecca A. , Zeevi, JD Orit
Published: August 2018

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After the storm: K-12 education response to Hurricane Katrina at the state level
Authors: Mendez, PhD, JD Jesse Perez , Mathers, EdD Judith K. , Neal, PhD David M.
Published: August 2018

This article addresses the policy reaction of 13 high impact states in addressing the K-12 student diaspora that followed Hurricane Katrina. This disaster displaced approximately 372,000 K-12 Louisiana and Mississippi students. After examining various legislative policy responses and administrative management of displacement accommodations, the authors identified various patterns that suggest states resorted to ad hoc policy to address the massive influx of displaced students. The authors recommend that governmental agencies consider the utilization of proactive planning procedures to address educational concerns in further disasters.
Developing voluntary agencies in emergency management: The United States and Korea
Authors: Ha, PhD, CEM Kyoo-Man , Ahn, MD Ji-Young
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this article is to develop policy implications after comparing the roles of voluntary agencies in the United States and Korea with the ultimate goal of contributing to emergency management in both countries. The stipulation is that voluntary agencies can substitute for the lack of government roles. Also, the underlying driver of US voluntary response is more for monetary contributions, whereas the Korean voluntary response is more altruistic in nature as a product of Korean culture. After comparing each country’s (1) volunteers, (2) organization, (3) strategy, and (4) other issues, the article found that the two national voluntary systems have developed very different approaches to voluntary promotion in emergency management. In short, the major tenet of this article is that US voluntary agencies have relied on a bottom-to-top approach, while Korean voluntary agencies have relied on a top-to-bottom approach in emergency management.