bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigations into the pre-cooling rates of apples in controlled atmosphere storage chambers
Authors: Damarla Ramesh Babu , Rao K.V. Narasimha
Published: January 2023

The objective of the present investigation was to model the rate of cooling of apples in a fruit storage unit using forced air pre-cooling. Apples of Royal, Red, Rich-a-red and Golden Delicious varieties were procured from Shimla and Royal Delicious from the Kinnaur region of Himachal Pradesh, India. Apples were transported in refrigerated and non-refrigerated vehicles. After grading and sorting on a fully automatic machine, the apples were subjected to a cooling process. Apples were placed in perforated plastic crates and stacked in a controlled atmosphere chamber of 720 m3 capacity. Temperature profiles of apples were recorded with a programmable logic controller connected to sensors. The effect of variety, initial apple temperature, and fruit quantity per chamber on the cooling rate were investigated. Initial fruit temperature significantly affected the cooling time. The apple variety did not significantly affect the cooling time, except that slow cooling was observed for golden delicious in the last cooling stage. Varied masses of apples resulted in a proportionate increase in cooling time. Cooling times were 132, 113, 78, and 65 hours for a mass of 165, 150, 140, and 130 Metric Tons (MT), respectively. Correlation coefficients ranged from 0.970 to 0.979 for different varieties. The rate of cooling with apple mass was modeled with linear, exponential, and polynomial and found to best fit with the exponential model with R2 values of 0.99, 0.96, 0.95, 0.966 for 165, 150, 140, and 130 MT, respectively. The time taken to cool 150 MT of apples was 97, 114, and 147 hours from an initial temperature of 35.2, 28.4, and 15.6oC, respectively. The drop rate was exponential, with R2 values in the range of 0.936 to 0.973.
Growth performance in Horticulture: Temporal dynamics under different crop groups in India
Authors: Narmadha N. . , Karunakaran K.R. .
Published: January 2023

The present study aims at analyzing the growth performance of Horticulture in India. The paper analyzes the growth rates and decomposition analysis of horticultural crop groups’ area, production and productivity from 1991-92 to 2020-21. The study period was divided into pre-NHM (1991-92 to 2004-05) and post-NHM (2005-06 to 2020-21). The compound growth rate results show that the growth rate in area, production and productivity of horticultural crop groups are positive and statistically significant during the post-NHM period than the pre-NHM period. From decomposition analysis, area effect and yield effect are positive during the post-NHM period for all the crop groups; the interaction effect also shows positive except for fruits and flower crops. The overall performance in area, production, and productivity is quite satisfactory during the post-NHM period; greater attention needs to be given to the states where productivity has declined with marginal increments under NHM.
Identification of appropriate maturation stages and postharvest treatment for tomato fruits of the "Pearson" variety for local and distant markets
Authors: Hakimi Sayed Samiullah , Raina Ravinder . , Saharawat Yashpal Singh
Published: January 2023

This study was conducted under ambient condition at the research farm of the Agriculture Faculty in Kabul University, Afghanistan. The objectives were to identify suitable harvesting maturity stages for tomato crop that will result in adequate shelf life of tomato fruits for local and distant markets. The results indicated that fruits of the turning color stage treated with 6 % CaCl2 solution had the best quality and highest shelf life (17.5 days) compared to other treatments. Whereas, based on the significant main effect the 15.38 and 14.17 days’ highest shelf life recorded for tomatoes of H1 (turning color stage) and D1 (dipped in 6 % CaCl2 solution) respectively. The TSS (oBrix) and PLW (%) increased till the end of storage life but the tomato fruits’ firmness (g cm-2) decreased. The lowest values noted as 4.79 and 4.74 (oBrix) TSS and 3.31 and 2.93 (%) PLW but the highest tomatoes firmness were 932.50 and 854.17 (g cm-2) recorded all for fruits of H1 (turning color stage) and D1 (dipped in 6 % CaCl2 solution), respectively. In conclusion, the turning color, pink color and light red color stage’s fruits of the Pearson variety are recommended harvesting of fruits of Pearson variety for the distant market, local market, and immediate use, respectively and the 6 % CaCl2 solution could increase shelf life and maintain tomato quality.
Influence of growth regulators and length of cuttings on the propagation potential of Piper pedicellatum C. DC. – A threatened wild leafy vegetable of North-East India
Authors: Samad A. . , Singh B. . , Gajurel P.R. .
Published: January 2023

Piper pedicellatum C. DC. is a wild leafy vegetable belonging to the family Piperaceae and is categorized as threatened species. It is one of the widely used popular leafy vegetable in Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, and Sikkim, locally known as Rahre, Raro or Rori. The species is rich in vitamin A, Vitamin C, minerals, dietary fibre, antioxidants, protein, and energy and is also used as an ethnomedicinal plant. An experiment was conducted to study the effect of growth regulators IBA and IAA and length of stem cuttings on propagation potential of P. pedicellatum C. DC in the Forestry Nursery of North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology during the years 2018 and 2019. The experiment revealed that the performance of stem cuttings viz., time taken for first sprouting, maximum sprout per cutting, length of sprouted shoot, number of leaves per cutting, and maximum fresh weight of shoot are found better in the treatment of T4 (L1 + IBA 1500 ppm), T7 (L1 + IAA 1500 ppm), T11 (L2 + IBA 1500 ppm) and T14 (L2 + IAA 1500 ppm), respectively. Similarly, the maximum number of roots per cutting, root length, fresh and dry weight of roots were also recorded in the treatment of T4 (L2 + IAA 1500 ppm) at par with T11 (L1 + IBA 1500 ppm) during both the year. The mean maximum survival rate of cuttings with a higher rooting percentage was observed in T11, which is at par with T7, T14, and T4. Although L2 cuttings performed better than L1 cuttings, the difference was not so prominent. Stem cuttings, irrespective of their length, treated with IBA 1500 ppm and IAA 1500 ppm showed significantly superior performance over the cuttings treated with lower concentrations of IBA and IAA. The outcome of the present study indicated that the P. pedicellatum is a promising wild leafy vegetable plant that can be exploited for conservation, domestication, and cultivation through the vegetative propagation technique, with standardization of its production technology for the adoption of commercial cultivation of the threatened species.
Economic analysis of the production of commercial vegetables with saline water drip irrigation in naturally ventilated polyhouse
Authors: Meena R.L. . , Raju R. . , Meena B.L. . , Singh Anshuman . , Kaledhonkar M.J. . , Sanwal S.K. .
Published: January 2023

Production of vegetables under protected cultivation is necessary to meet the continuous demand across the seasons. Due to the capital and labour-intensive nature of the polyhouse technology, majority of Indian farmers with small and marginal category (>85%) cannot afford it. On the other hand, 6.73 million hectare land area in India is affected by salinity, which hampers crop production hence the area under vegetable cultivation is shrinking as the majority of vegetables are sensitive to salinity stress. This study was undertaken to assess the effect of saline water drip irrigation on production of capsicum, green chilli and tomato crops in naturally ventilated polyhouse. The economic analysis revealed that the estimated cost of polyhouse construction (300 m2) with drip irrigation system was ?4,71,563 and the overall cost (cost C3) of vegetable production under polyhouse was estimated to be ?2,15,623. Among capsicum, green chilli and tomato crops grown in the polyhouse, overall net returns over cost C3 was highest from tomato followed by capsicum and green chilli. The economic indicators were very encouraging with positive net present value, higher benefit-cost ratio, higher internal rate of returns, and shorter payback period. The investigation also suggests the viability of saline water drip irrigation for commercial cultivation of vegetables in naturally ventilated polyhouse, which is not possible under the natural environment with saline water drip irrigation.
Vermicompost liquid fertilisation affects the vegetative growth of African rose plum seedlings grafted on various rootstocks
Authors: El-Kosary S. . , Fayed T.A. . , Hussein A.M. . , Fayed E.K. .
Published: January 2023

This study was conducted on a farm of Horticultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt, during two successive seasons (2019 &2020) on seedling African-rose plum grafted on two rootstocks (Nemaguard and Marianna 26-24, respectively) in sandy soil. African rose seedlings were treated with vermicompost liquid fertilization as follows: soil treatment by vermicompost diluted times, foliar treatment by vermicompost diluted 10 times, double treatment of the soil as mentioned above, and foliar applications and control. The main purpose of this project was to study the effect of vermicompost liquid fertilization on the vegetative growth behavior of African rose plum seedlings grafted on two different rootstocks and reducing the use of chemical fertilizers in the long run and establishing farms that depend on organic fertilization to preserve the environment and maintain consumer health. The results showed that all vermicompost treatments increased the vegetative growth parameters and leaf mineral content of African rose seedlings compared to the control. In addition to, the double treatment of soil and foliar applications gave the highest growth parameters and leaf mineral content. The endogenous hormone is significantly affected by all treatments under study. These results explain that vermicompost fluid improves the morphological and physiological characteristics of the treated seedlings and can be applied to produce organic plums. It gradually dispense with chemical fertilization, and preserve the environment.
Polyamines and ethylene action blocker (STS) effectively augment longevity and postharvest attributes in isolated flowers of Digitalis purpurea L.
Authors: Farooq Sumira . , Lone Mohammad Lateef , Haq Aehsan Ul , Parveen Shazia . , Altaf Foziya . , Tahir Inayatullah .
Published: January 2023

The present investigation focused on the study of the exogenous inclusion of anti-senescence biogenic polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) and ethylene antagonist silver thiosulphate on flower longevity and postharvest performance in excised flowers of Digitalis purpurea L. At one day before anthesis stage, isolated buds of Digitalis purpurea were transported to the laboratory in distilled water. The samples were divided into five sets with one set of flower buds (i.e., control) held in distilled water. The remaining four sets were respectively supplied with 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mM of putrescine (PUT), 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mM of spermidine (SPD), 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mM of spermine (SPM), 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mM of silver thiosulphate (STS). The inclusion of polyamines and STS in holding solutions enhanced the flower longevity of D. purpurea significantly compared to the control. The results indicated that the flower longevity of 14 days was recorded in 0.4 mM of spermine, followed by 13 days in 1 mM PUT, 12.5 days in 0.2 mM SPD and 12 days in 0.2 mM STS. This enhanced flower longevity corroborated with the higher values of soluble proteins, total sugars, floral diameter and membrane stability index. The improved flower longevity was also found to be positively associated with increased activities of various antioxidant enzymes viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and reduced activity of lipoxygenase (LOX). The flowers supplemented with different treatments retained a lower phenolic content than the control. This research concluded that polyamines and STS have a profound impact on the flower longevity of Digitalis flowers. SPM was found to be a more potential polyamine in augmenting the postharvest performance in isolated flowers of D. purpurea.
Factors hindering plantation of improved apple varieties in Kashmir valley: An economic analysis
Authors: Bhat Arshad , Malik H.A. , Sultan Abid , Kachroo M.M. , Qadir Abid , Qureshi Iqra , Bhat Tawseef , Qureshi Aamir
Published: January 2023

Improved high-yielding apple varieties are important for reducing food insecurity in developing countries and improving horticultural production and productivity. The study used cross-sectional data from a survey conducted during 2021 fruit season, a probit model analysis was used to determine the probability of adopting new, improved apple varieties (NIAVs) by growers from two main apple-producing districts of Kashmir valley i.e., Shopian and Pulwama. The results revealed that the education of the respondent, extension services availed, and apple plant accessibility play significant roles in decisions regarding the adoption of new apple varieties. Moreover, farming variables like holding size is the key factor influencing the probability of adopting NIAVs in the study area. The extensive role performed by extension services, enormous emphasis on dissemination, demonstration, and growers' participatory studies and training packages to popularize and undertake new apple varieties and enhance their adoption rate is required on a large scale in the study area. The study suggests that policy intervention ought to be made to improve the educational status of apple-growing households and develop programs on a varietal package of apples that offer apple growers a variety of choices in selecting the appropriate varieties for adoption. Such programs ultimately help growers develop more profit-oriented behaviour, which will not only enhance adoption rate, profitability, and production but will also improve food &nutritional security in the long run in the region in the particular and whole valley in general.
Assessment of knowledge index of farmers about the cultivation of apple (Malus domestica) in temperate regions of Kashmir valley
Authors: Shah Zahoor A. , Dar Mushtaq A. , Dar Eajaz A. , Mir Rufaida , Bhat Arif H. , Ali Mohammed T. , Obianefo Chukwujekwu A.
Published: January 2023

Apple is one of the important fruits grown in different regions, including India. In India, it is mainly cultivated in temperate regions of Kashmir valley due to its well suited climatic conditions. In Kashmir, most people are directly or indirectly dependent on apple cultivation for their livelihood. Apple is considered to be Kashmir’s eye as it produces 80% share of total fruit produced in the country and is the mainstay of the economy with revenue of around Rs 1500 crores. More than seven lakh families, i.e., above 50% of the population in the valley, are associated with this industry and almost 3.5 lakh hectares of land is under apple cultivation. The area under apple fruit has increased, but the production and productivity has not improved to a satisfactory level. Adopting improved technologies plays an important role in achieving the goal of higher production and productivity in Kashmir valley. A wide gap exists between the available technologies and its actual adoption by the apple growers was reflected through poor yield at the grower’s field. This disparity was entirely due to a lack of knowledge and awareness about various innovative techniques and technologies developed at different research stations. The study was carried out in various regions of Kashmir valley that were purposefully chosen to have the most area under apple cultivation. The study used a multistage sampling procedure. The study found that the mean knowledge index of apple growers in district Shopian was 51.75 percent, followed by the apple growers in district Baramulla (46.76%) and the least mean knowledge index (41.36%) was found among the apple growers of district Budgam. However, the overall mean knowledge index from all three districts was 46.62 percent. The study also found that apple growers’ knowledge index is determined by age, experience, education, media exposure, innovative proneness, scientific orientation, and risk orientation. Furthermore, apple growers need to follow innovative techniques and technologies to increase the production and productivity of apple fruit, maximize returns, and ensure food security.
Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer between a Stationary Nonpermeable Disk and a Permeable Rotating Shrinking Disk with Radiation and Heat Generation Effects
Authors: Rusya Iryanti Yahaya  , Norihan Md Arifin  , Fadzilah Md Ali  , Siti Suzilliana Putri Mohamed Isa
Published: January 2023

The flow between bounded surfaces is known as internal flow. The internal flow between disks has many significant applications, such as gas turbine rotors, rotating machinery, food processing technology, and air cleaning machines. In the current study, the nanofluid flow between two disks, nonpermeable and stationary, and the other permeable, rotating and shrinking, is analysed. The governing partial differential equations and boundary conditions are proposed with the inclusion of radiation and heat generation effects. Then, similarity transformations are utilised in deriving the nonlinear ordinary differential equations and boundary conditions for computation using the bvp4c solver. Multiple solutions are obtained, and only the first solution is stable. The combination Mn-ZnFe2O4/C2H6O2 nanofluid is found to produce the lowest magnitude of skin friction coefficient and the highest heat transfer rate.
Juhudu al-Habib Hasan Bin Ahmad Baharun Fiy Ta’limi Maharoh al-Kalam Bima’had Dar al-Lughah Wa al-Da’wah Bangil Pasuruan
Authors: Masnun Masnun
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

 

In the modern era, the people of many countries, young and old in the West and the East, realized the importance of learning other languages ​​besides the mother tongue, as the world became a small village with the advancement of technology and the explosion of knowledge. And speaking skill is considered an important skill in the process of language teaching, because the main goal in teaching a language today is the ability to speak. The objectives of this research are to reveal the efforts of Habib Hassan bin Ahmad Baharun in teaching the skill of speech at the Institute of Language and Da`wah at Bangil Pasuruan, which is considered one of the successful institutes in teaching this skill. This research used the qualitative design of the historical entrance. The data of this research were extracted from the interview, observation and documents were validated, proportionate and documented by the method of triangulation of data. This research produced discoveries about his efforts in developing the skill of speech, which are as follows: He wrote several books specifically to embody the skill of speech, and to intensify the linguistic environment by applying the skill of speaking, and holding lecture, theater and morning debate programs, and the formation of the language department.

 

Keywords: efforts, education, skill of speech
Language Society and Social Interaction: Language Choice of Arabic Society at Imam Bonjol Islamic State University
Authors: Dinata Rahmat Satria
Published: January 2023

Abstract

The term language society emerged and was developed from the term issued by Fishman (1976) about speech community. In relation to the term language society, this study aims to determine the choice of language among the Arabic language society at Imam Bonjol State Islamic University, Padang, and their attitudes towards their environmental language (Arabic), regional language ​​(Minang), national language ​​(Bahasa). This research is a descriptive study that describes the choice of language by a language society. The results of the study show that: Firstly, the students or the Arabic language society at Imam Bonjol State Islamic University Padang sometimes use Arabic and Minang language in class, but frequently use Bahasa in class. Secondly, the students or the Arabic language society very rarely use Arabic outside the classroom, often using Minang and Bahasa outside the classroom. Thirdly, the students often do code-mixing or code-switching between Arabic, Bahasa, and Minang languages.

Keywords: Arabic; Bahasa; Minang; Mutilingual; Society
HAK SUAMI DALAM MEMPERLAKUKAN ISTRI YANG NUSYUZ
Authors: Aswat Hazarul , Rachman Lutfi
Published: January 2023

ABSTRAK

Nusyuz merupakan perbuatan yang melanggar hukum dalam agama Islam, hal tersebut terkadang berkenaan dengan seorang istri, yang mana di dalamnya melanggengkan hak-hak seorang suami dan mengenyampingkan keharusannya sebagai seorang istri. Hal tersebut tercermin dari adanya beberapa hak suami yang diabaikan oleh seorang istri, disebut dengan perbuatan nusyuz yang melanggar batasan-batasan yang jelas dalam agama Islam. Seorang perempuan memiliki ruang tersendiri dan juga memilki batasan-batasan ketika ia memiliki seorang suami, di sinalah nilai penting yang tergambar dalam ajaran Islam. Pembahasan ini dapat fahami, bahwa dalam ajaran Islam ada batasan dan kewenangan seorang suami dalam memperlakukan seorang istri yang melakukan perbuatan nusyuz, karena dalam pembahasan perbuatan nusyuz. Seorang istri seringkali melanggar asas dasar atau prinsip dasar dalam kewenangan sebagai seorang istri terhadap suaminya. Prinsip aturan Islam bagi suami istri, tujuan adalah memberikan ketentraman dan kebagagiaan agar tidak melakukan perbuatan nusyuz, baik dari segi pelangaran hingga tidak menjadi pemicu timbulnya kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. Hukum yang gunakan di dalamnya adalah hukum Islam, persoalan perbuatan nusyuz yang sering terjadi terhadap kaum perempuan, dapat menjadi salah satu sebab adanya tindak kekerasan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. Oleh sebab itu ajaran Islam mewanti-wanti setiap seorang istri yang memilikli seorang suami kiranya dapat memahami pedoman-pedoman agama Islam dalam menjalani hidup berumah tangga agar menjadi keluarga sakinah mawaddah wa rahma di dunia kelak kekal, abadi menuj akhirat dengan ridho Allah SWT dan Rasulullah Muhammad SAW.

Kata Kunci: Hak Suami Terhadap Istri yang Nusyuz
PERSELISIHAN AGAMA SEBAGAI ALASAN PERCERAIAN
Authors: Rahman Arif
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Dalam konteks masyarakat Indonesia, fenomena perkawinan beda agama sering terjadi. Perkawinan antar agama yang mereka lakukan pada umumnya membawa fenomena-fenomena yang berpengaruh terhadap pembentukan suatu keluarga yang sakinah. Akan tetapi, hanya karena perasaan cinta, pasangan-pasangan yang berbeda agama melanjutkan hubungan mereka dalam suatu kehidupan rumah tangga. Hanya ada dua kemungkinan bagi pasangan suami istri yang berbeda agama, pertama, rumah tangga mereka akan bahagia, sejahtera, harmonis, damai, dan sentosa, namun agama mereka terabaikan, atau norma-norma agama dilangkahi, atau salah seorang mengalah isteri masuk agama suami atau suami masuk agama isteri. Kedua, kalau masing-masing mereka tetap teguh berpegang pada ajaran agamanya, konflik akan selalu membayangi dan melanda rumah tangga, rasanya mustahil mendapatkan rumah tangga seperti itu yang bahagia sementara kedua belah pihak dengan kokoh berpegang pada ajarannya. Sebagai solusi, banyak di antara pasangan suami isteri lebih memilih untuk melakukan perceraian.

Kata kunci : perselisihan agama, perceraian
Implementasi Peradilan Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Agil Abdurrahman Ahmad
Published: January 2023

Hukum peradilan nerupakan perantara untuk tegaknya kebenaran dan keadilan serta menjaga stabilitas negara dan keamanannya, oleh karena itu agama Islam memberikan perhatian sangat besar denngan menetapkan undang-undang dan mengokohkan aturan-ataurannya, menjelaskan kedudukan  yang wajib dilakukan bagi seorang hakim peradilan dan hak terdakwa sehingga amanat yang Allah swt perintahkan untuk dilaksanakan dapat dipertanggung jawabkan kepada mereka yang mengembannya.
Pluralisme Agama: Akar dan Justifikasi al-Qur`an
Authors: Mudin Moh Isom
Published: January 2023

Saat ini umat Islam dihadapkan dengan munculnya Pluralisme agama. Inti Faham ini adalah tidak ada agama yang paling benar, semua agama benar. Sebenarnya, Faham ini tidaklah muncul dari rahim peradaban Islam tetapi muncul dari rahim peradaba lain.  Ada dua teori besar yang menjadi sumbernya. Pertama, Transendent Unity of Religions. Kedua; Global Theology. Kedua teori ini cukup menghegemoni cara pandang para pemikir di Indonesia, sehingga mereka berusaha mencari justifikasi pluralisme agama dalam al-Qur`an. Dengan analisa filosofis-rasional dan legal-formal, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat kesalahan mendasar dalam faham ini. Demikian juga dengan justifikasinya dalam al-Qur`an.
STATUS HARTA GONO GINI DARI PERCERAIAN MENURUT PERSPEKTIF UU NO. 1 TAHUN 1974 DAN KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Abidin Zainal
Published: January 2023

penyelesaiannya berbeda antara satu daerah dengan daerah lainnya di Indonesia. Ada daerah yang menurut hukum adatnya harta pencarian bersama ini dibagi sama antara bekas suami dan bekas istri, di samping itu ada daerah yang membagi satu banding dua. Artinya satu bagian untuk bekas isteri dan dua bagian untuk bekas suami. Untuk ini di Jawa dipakai istilah sak pikul sak gendong. Sak pikul berarti dua bagian, karena muka belakang memikulnya. Sak gendong berarti satu bagian, karena hanya digendong. Adapun mengenai harta gono gini, sampai saat ini masih belum terdapat kesepakatan yang pasti, apakah ada atau tidak. Ada pendapat yang mengemukakan bahwa tidak ada harta gono gini kecuali dengan syirkah (perjanjian) antara suami istri yang dibuat sebelum atau pada saat perkawinan dilangsungkan. Namun, ada pula pendapat yang mengatakan bahwa ada harta gono gini antara suami istri selama perkawinan berlangsung, baik mereka bekerja bersama-sama maupun salah seorang saja dari mereka yang bekerja, sedang lainnya mungkin mengurus rumah tangga dan anak-anak.
Kajian Tematis Quâ€™ran & Hadits; Kepemimpinan
Authors: Abidin Zainal
Published: January 2023

Pemimpin dan kepemimpinan merupakan dua persoalan keseharian yang saling berkaitan dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat, berorganisasi, berbangsa dan bernegara. Maju dan mundurnya masyarakat, organisasi maupun bangsa dan Negara dipengaruhi oleh para pemimpin dan kepemimpinannya. Persoalannya adalah beberapa orang berpendapat bahwa kepemimpinan itu tidak dapat dipelajari. Karena menurut mereka kepemimpinan itu adalah suatu bakat yang diperoleh sebagai kemampuan istimewa yang dibawa sejak lahir. Sehingga sebagian orang mengatakan majunya organisasi maupun bangsa dan Negara dipengaruhi oleh keberuntungan seorang yang memiliki bakat alami kepemimpinan yang luar biasa, sehingga ia memiliki kharisma dan kewibawaan sebagai seorang pemimpin. Namun dalam perkembangannya pemikiran tersebut lambat laun mengalami pergeseran paradigma yang mengatakan bahwa kepemimpinan itu terjadi secara ilmiah bersamaan dengan pertumbuhan seseorang. Islam sendiri sebagai agama rahmatan lil â€žalamin juga menempatkan persoalan pemimpin dan kepemimpinan sebagai salah satu persoalan pokok dalam ajarannya. Dalam al-Qurâ€Ÿan dan Hadits kepemimpinan mendapatkan porsi bahasan yang tidak sedikit, banyak ayat-ayat al-Qurâ€Ÿan maupun hadits-hadits Nabi yang membincang tentang kepemimpinan.
Making and unmaking bonds: Humanitarianism, local politics and peace building in Southeastern Zimbabwe, 1988 to 1992
Authors: Manamere Kundai
Published: January 2023

For a long time, perspectives of governments, civil societies and humanitarian organisations have overshadowed the voices of host communities during humanitarian emergencies. In a few instances where literature mentions host communities, they are often portrayed as homogenous groups that share similar views and attitudes towards those in need of assistance. In this article, I draw from host-refugee interactions to argue for the incorporation of local voices in civil society and humanitarianism studies and to illustrate the need to disaggregate host communities and pay attention to local politics during interventions. The influx of thousands of migrants from different countries and ethnic groups, changes the environment of the host community positively and negatively. Often, initial benevolence gives way to hostility as resource scarcities and insecurities arise. When this happens, it creates an environment of suspicion, blame, and stigma, which negatively impacts relations and cohesion between the two groups. Paying attention to local residents’ diverse perspectives during humanitarian emergencies may contribute to conflict prevention and peacebuilding.
The Hα and [O iii] λ5007 Luminosity Functions of 1.2 < z < 1.9 Emission-line Galaxies from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Grism Spectroscopy
Authors: Nagaraj Gautam , Ciardullo Robin , Bowman William P. , Lawson Alex , Gronwall Caryl
Published: January 2023

Euclid and the Roman Space Telescope (Roman) will soon use grism spectroscopy to detect millions of galaxies via their Hα and [O iii] λ5007 emission. To better constrain the expected galaxy counts from these instruments, we use a vetted sample of 4239 emission-line galaxies from the 3D Hubble Space Telescope survey to measure the Hα and [O iii] λ5007 luminosity functions between 1.16 < z < 1.90; this sample is ∼4 times larger than previous studies at this redshift. We find very good agreement with previous measurements for Hα, but for [O iii], we predict a higher number of intermediate-luminosity galaxies than from previous works. We find that, for both lines, the characteristic luminosity,



*

, increases monotonically with redshift, and use the Hα luminosity function to calculate the epoch’s cosmic star formation rate density. We find that Hα-visible galaxies account for ∼81% of the epoch’s total star formation rate, and this value changes very little over the 1.16 < z < 1.56 redshift range. Finally, we derive the surface density of galaxies as a function of limiting flux and find that previous predictions for galaxy counts for the Euclid Wide Survey are unchanged, but there may be more [O iii] galaxies in the Roman High Latitude Survey than previously estimated.
Discussions on the Nature of GLEAM-X J162759.5–523504.3
Authors: Tong H.
Published: January 2023

The nature of the long-period radio transient GLEAM-X J162759.5−523504.3 (hereafter GLEAM-X J1627) is discussed. We try to understand both its radio emission and pulsation in the neutron star scenario as an alternative to the white dwarf model. We think that (1) from the radio emission point of view, GLEAM-X J1627 can be a radio-loud magnetar; (2) from the rotational evolution point of view, GLEAM-X J1627 is unlikely to be an isolated magnetar; (3) the 1091 s period is unlikely to be the precession period; (4) GLEAM-X J1627 may be a radio-loud magnetar spun down by a fallback disk; (5) the pulsar death line is modified due to the presence of a fallback disk or a twisted magnetic field. In both cases, a higher maximum acceleration potential can be obtained. This may explain why GLEAM-X J1627 is still radioactive with such a long pulsation period; and (6) general constraints on the neutron star magnetic field and initial disk mass are given analytically. Possible ways to discriminate between different modelings are also discussed.
SLAM Project - Long Term Ecological Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in the natural forest of Azores: VI - Inventory of Arthropods of Azorean Urban Gardens
Authors: Lamelas-Lopez Lucas , Gabriel Rosalina , Ros-Prieto Alejandra , Borges Paulo
Published: January 2023

The data we present are part of the long-term project SLAM (Long Term Ecological Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in the natural forest of Azores) aiming to assess the impact of biodiversity erosion drivers on Azorean native biota, using long-term ecological data. Additionally to SLAM (Sea, Land and Air Malaise) traps, nocturnal Active Aerial Searching and nocturnal Foliage Beating methods were used to sample, between 2017 and 2018, the arthropod biodiversity on two historical urban gardens of Azores, the “Jardim Botânico” of Faial Island and “Jardim Duque da Terceira” of Terceira Island.

We provided an inventory of arthropods collected between 2017 and 2018 in two urban gardens of Faial and Terceira Islands (Azores). A total of 8342 specimens were collected, in which 7493 specimens were identified to species/subspecies level (Faial n = 3296; Terceira n = 4197). The identified specimens belong to four classes, 15 orders, 80 families and 159 species and subspecies of arthropods. A total of 84 species and subspecies are considered introduced (n = 2454 specimens), 50 native non-endemic (n = 4444 specimens), eight endemic (n = 217) and 17 have an indeterminate origin (n = 378). This study also revises the arthropod inventory of these Azorean gardens, by adding/updating the taxonomic names of three orders, ten families and 22 species.
Au-delà de la déseuropéanisation
Authors: Piquet Agathe , Wolff Sarah
Published: January 2023

La recherche sur l’européanisation s’est longtemps révélée optimiste quant aux effets transformateurs de l’Union européenne sur les politiques publiques. Toutefois, l’érosion de l’attractivité du projet européen a mené au développement d’un agenda de recherche autour de la déseuropéanisation. Si ces travaux soulèvent des interrogations nouvelles, ils prêtent encore peu d’attention aux obstacles à la déseuropéanisation et n’interrogent que rarement les différents types de (non-)changement de l’action publique qui pourraient découler des appels à la déseuropéanisation émis par une partie des acteurs politiques et l’opinion publique. Cet article élabore un cadre d’analyse bidimensionnel pour fournir à la recherche dédiée à l’influence de l’Europe sur les politiques publiques des outils plus précis et nuancés dépassant le débat binaire européanisation v . déseuropéanisation. Pour illustrer nos propos, nous mobilisons le cas de l’action publique post-Brexit. Nous montrons que si cet événement pouvait a priori donner lieu à des processus majeurs de déseuropéanisation, les sentiers empruntés par l’action publique ont été divers en fonction des processus préexistants d’européanisation.
Défendre un instrument contesté
Authors: Boubal Camille
Published: January 2023

Depuis 2007, des messages sanitaires sur les publicités alimentaires incitent la population générale à « manger au moins cinq fruits et légumes par jour » ou à « éviter de grignoter entre les repas ». Ces bandeaux ont fait l’objet de contestations unanimes de la part d’acteurs politiques, industriels, médiatiques et d’experts. Pourtant, ils n’ont connu aucune évolution. Pourquoi et comment cet instrument contesté a-t‑il pu se maintenir sur le long terme ? Sur la base d’observations, d’entretiens et d’archives, nous montrons comment des acteurs de santé publique s’emploient à légitimer les bandeaux sanitaires. Ils sont un moyen de gagner, modestement, du terrain vis-à-vis des intérêts industriels, mais aussi de défendre l’expertise d’une agence sanitaire ainsi que l’information nutritionnelle comme instrument d’action publique.
Le concept d’intégrité dans l’éthique de la nature. Une discussion à partir de l’exemple de la vie végétale
Authors: Kallhoff Angela
Published: January 2023

Cette contribution examine le concept d’intégrité appliqué à la vie végétale. Dans un premier temps, le débat sur la « dignité de la plante » est récapitulé afin d’en déduire les aspects problématiques de l’attribution de « l’intégrité ». La thèse principale consiste à dire que le concept d’intégrité est tout à fait capable de surmonter les difficultés du concept de « vie bonne » végétale qui ne prend pas suffisamment en compte les caractéristiques de la vie des plantes. La conclusion montre que la question des présupposés d’arrière-plan est cruciale pour une utilisation judicieuse du concept.
Le concept de dignité de la créature entre racines théologiques et pertinence non-théologique
Authors: Schäfer Otto
Published: January 2023

Le concept de dignité de la créature et né dans un contexte germanique, plus précisément celui, transfrontalier, du Rhin supérieur (Suisse, Alsace, Allemagne du sud-ouest). Il présente des racines théologiques multiples et convergentes : la référence à la création divine dans le contexte d’un conservatisme des valeurs, le respect de la vie schweitzérien, la référence émancipatrice à la création dans le cadre du Christianisme social alémanique, la critique de l’anthropocentrisme chrétien occidental avant et après Lynn White, enfin le Processus conciliaire, œcuménique, Justice, Paix et Sauvegarde de la Création (JPSC). L’émergence du concept dans un contexte théologique n’en empêche pas la pertinence non théologique : des processus de sécularisation et de recontextualisation sont à l’œuvre, comme l’atteste la plasticité de l’idée de transcendance.
La condition de créature agricole : dignification des plantes et agroécologie
Authors: Pouteau Sylvie
Published: January 2023

La dignification des plantes se heurte à la théorie nominaliste de la science, qui ne peut fonder l’idée de communauté des êtres vivants dans la pratique. Partant de ce constat, je montre que le concept de créature est capital pour résoudre le hiatus entre l’éthique et la science et reprendre pied avec l’expérience. Pour cela, ce concept doit être redéfini sur une base phénoménologique, et non plus nominaliste, et enraciné dans la notion de « commencement » en tant que potentialité et dynamisme à l’œuvre. À l’aide du critère discriminant de gradation vs . dé-gradation, il permet d’ancrer la dignification des plantes dans une évaluation performative au sein de la vie active et du travail. Ceci pose l’exigence qu’il soit établi en priorité dans des principes agroécologiques.
Conference diplomacy in the era of COVID: How do international environmental fora adapt to virtual formats?
Authors: Pipart Frauke , Earsom Joseph
Published: January 2023

Les négociations environnementales internationales ont été bouleversées par la pandémie de la COVID 19. La fermeture des frontières et les mesures de distanciation étant la norme, la gouvernance internationale a dû s'adapter. De nombreux forums ont choisi de mener les négociations de manière virtuelle. Dans cet article, nous analysons les défis et les opportunités des négociations multilatérales virtuelles vis-à-vis de la gestion du processus de négociation. Nous mettons l'accent sur les négociations virtuelles au sein de la Convention sur la diversité biologique, du Protocole de Montréal et de la Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques. Les données sont collectées à partir de documents officiels, de rapports de presse spécialisés et d'entretiens semi-structurés. Les résultats montrent que l'impact des formats virtuels est particulièrement élevé sur la transparence et l'inclusivité des petits groupes et la transparence vis-à-vis l’agenda des négociations.
One Ocean Summit : tournant marin des négociations environnementales ou diplomatie océanique de club ?
Authors: Cadalen Pierre-Yves , Ronsin Gaëlle , Legroux Nadège
Published: January 2023

L’année 2022 marque les cinquante ans de la première Conférence des Nations unies sur l'environnement. Les négociations internationales environnementales ont donc une histoire relativement longue, mais leur portée effective peut apparaître limitée. Face à des défis environnementaux de plus en plus pressants, les États cherchent à renouveler ces négociations, en termes de format, d’acteurs engagés, de rythme et de publics. Le One Ocean Summit , sommet pour la protection de l’océan tenu à Brest du 9 au 11 février 2022, en est un exemple récent. Ce sommet traduit l’émergence d’une diplomatie océanique qui place l’océan au singulier comme un commun à préserver. Mais il s’agit en même temps d’une diplomatie improvisée, d’une initiative unilatérale qui s’inscrit dans un agenda présidentiel favorisant la communication et dont les retombées sont incertaines. Nos observations et entretiens de recherche nous conduisent à conclure sur la caractérisation de ce sommet comme relevant d’une forme hybride de diplomatie de clubs, ce que le présent article soutient et définit.
Deux codes administratifs ignorés : les règlements généraux sur la comptabilité publique de 1838 et 1862
Authors: Boussarie Thomas
Published: January 2023

La comptabilité publique est un domaine où la codification rencontre le droit administratif dès le début du XIX e siècle. Les règlements généraux inclinent à présenter une partie de l’histoire contemporaine du droit administratif à partir des textes sans la restreindre à la jurisprudence et sa filiation au Conseil d’État.
La comptabilité nationale : l’information économique au service du pilotage des finances publiques
Authors: Milot Jean-Paul
Published: January 2023

La comptabilité nationale est un cadre comptable harmonisé au niveau mondial, construit pour fournir des informations macroéconomiques utiles pour déterminer des politiques économiques. Le cadre est inspiré par la comptabilité d’entreprise et appliqué à tous les agents économiques. Les administrations publiques sont des opérateurs chargés de produire des services non marchands ou de redistribuer des revenus. Étant le seul outil d’information harmonisé sur les finances publiques au niveau international, c’est la comptabilité nationale qui a été retenue pour mesurer le respect des engagements budgétaires pris par les pays membres de l’Union européenne. Ce rôle nouveau a été confirmé par le droit européen.
Le déploiement et les usages de la comptabilité d’engagement au sein de l’OCDE
Authors: Lande Évelyne , Rasolonjatovo Hasina
Published: January 2023

L’OCDE fait partie des organismes internationaux qui ont milité pour l’adoption de la comptabilité d’engagement, notamment celle se fondant sur les normes IPSAS. L’objet de cet article est de présenter dans un premier temps un état des lieux du déploiement de la comptabilité d’engagement adoptée par 73 % des pays membres de l’OCDE. Dans un deuxième temps l’article montre que cette comptabilité d’engagement est principalement utilisée pour deux usages. Le premier usage mis en avant est la gestion du patrimoine public, la comptabilité d’engagement permettant une meilleure connaissance de ce dernier, nécessaire pour que les gestionnaires puissent réaliser des arbitrages. Le second usage est de pouvoir garantir une plus grande transparence dans la gestion par la diffusion d’une information de meilleure qualité. C’est ainsi que, dans les pays ayant adopté une comptabilité d’engagement, la corruption publique est perçue comme moins importante par comparaison à ceux qui n’ont pas adopté la comptabilité d’engagement.
Les limites de la comptabilité générale dans la sphère publique
Authors: Kott Sébastien , Milot Jean-Paul
Published: January 2023

La comptabilité générale est déployée dans la sphère publique depuis assez longtemps pour qu’on puisse en saisir deux types de limites. Le premier type est lié au périmètre des entités dont on propose les comptes. Il est parfois difficile à appréhender tant l’État est avant tout un concept politique avant d’être décliné en personnes morales de droit public. Un second type de limites est lié au contexte industriel et marchand dans lequel fut assise la comptabilité générale, qui s’avère assez éloigné des prestations de service non marchandes majoritaires dans le secteur public. Si les comptes publics sont tenus et bien tenus, il ne faut pas en attendre les mêmes services de la comptabilité générale que dans l’entreprise.
Marie Bonaparte, une femme de caractère
Authors: Kamieniak Jean-Pierre
Published: January 2023

Si Marie Bonaparte devint indubitablement l’une des « “filles” de Freud » dont témoigne l’ampleur de ses engagements et de ses réalisations, elle n’en resta pas moins cette « femme de caractère » passablement intraitable , fixée qu’elle était à des éprouvés ayant trouvé confirmation dans les rigoureux travaux expérimentaux de Kobelt (1844) sur la physiologie du plaisir génital – en particulier ceux concernant le lieu anatomique prévalent de la volupté féminine – relayés par son premier mentor Gustave Le Bon.
Faut-il craindre Mélanie Klein ?
Authors: Gougoulis Nicolas
Published: January 2023

L’auteur examine la question de la filiation des théorisations innovantes de Mélanie Klein à travers un examen historique et une lecture de l’influence possible de ses deux tranches d’analyse. L’examen d’un cas clinique illustre les apports théorico-cliniques de la jeune praticienne dans les années 1920. Cette lecture permet une contextualisation du changement de paradigme kleinien et libère la théorie kleinienne du poids de la création d’une école qui conduit à des positions dogmatiques.
Karen Horney la rebelle
Authors: Cohen Lina
Published: January 2023

Karen Horney a l’audace de questionner la dimension idéologique des postulats freudiens, réduisant la différence des sexes à une représentation virile des rôles masculins et féminins. Elle s’emploie à déconstruire les théories normatives de la sexualité féminine et défend une position critique, en s’appuyant sur la clinique et sur des approches sociologiques et anthropologiques lui permettant de questionner certains préjugés. Nous nous centrons sur trois objets de remise en question des théories freudiennes : l’envie du pénis, la négation du vagin et le masochisme féminin.
Hilde Bruch : des vertus d’une éclipse
Authors: Driffield Katryn
Published: January 2023

L’auteur examine la question de la méconnaissance et de l’oubli des théorisations majeures malgré leur impact important dans le développement de la pratique clinique et l’approfondissement de la théorie psychanalytique. Elle examine à ce titre le cas de Hilde Bruch, psychanalyste américaine à l’origine d’un changement de paradigme dans le domaine des troubles alimentaires. Après une présentation biographique, sont discutées les hypothèses de l’éclipse d’une personne qui avait marqué son époque et son domaine d’expertise.
Borrowing into debt crises
Authors: Paluszynski Radoslaw , Stefanidis Georgios
Published: January 2023

Quantitative models of sovereign default predict that governments reduce borrowing during recessions to avoid debt crises. A prominent implication of this behavior is that the resulting interest rate spread volatility is counterfactually low. We propose that governments borrow into debt crises because of frictions in the adjustment of their expenditures. We develop a model of government good production, which uses public employment and intermediate consumption as inputs. The inputs have varying degrees of downward rigidity, which means that it is costly to reduce them. Facing an adverse income shock, the government borrows to smooth out the reduction in public employment, which results in increasing debt and higher spread. We quantify this rigidity using the OECD Government Accounts data and show that it explains about 70% of the missing bond spread volatility.
The Intertwining of Languages in Songs and Changes of Identifications in the Gail Valley
Authors: Klobčar Marija
Published: January 2023

The song traditions of the Gail Valley (Gailtal/Ziljska dolina, Carinthia, Austria) are characterized by many Slovenian-German songs, the oldest evidence of bilingualism dating back to the early 19th century. Code-switching also characterized the song “Buǝg nan dajte ‘n dobǝr čas” (God, give us auspicious time), which correlates with the bilingual written entry of the Gail Valley parish fair and the Gail Valley costume description in the Inventory of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in Austria. The Gail Valley region and its inhabitants have undergone significant changes in ethnic identification, which raises two questions: first, the role of bilingualism in the historical context, and second, the relevance of songs in revealing this context.