bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educación en derechos humanos en la escuela: Aportes de las organizaciones sociales de base
Authors: Fernández Fonseca Edgar
Published: October 2024

This article analyzes the key factors that contributed to the development of human rights education, focusing on the role of grassroots social organizations in Bogotá, Colombia, between 1977 and 2007. The study is grounded in documentary and historical research, employing a socio-critical approach. This research addresses the issue of how human rights education in Colombia emerged from the convergence of two social forces that influenced the process of citizenship formation on one hand, the country sought to align its policies with international demands amid the Cold War and the establishment of the international human rights system. On the other, grassroots organizations spearheaded social movements that, in response to the State’s fragility, advanced demands for rights, particularly those related to social participation and access to essential services. The analysis reveals that collective political action, driven by organizational processes, forged new forms of learning and mobilization around rights. These practices encompassed solidarity, urban protest, collective resource management, and the struggle for the right to the city. Popular education served as a platform for promoting and activating judicial mechanisms to demand rights, employing participatory and reflective methodologies that resonated throughout the teaching and learning processes about rights within the school system.
La perspectiva hacker para la educación en derechos humanos en la cultura digital
Authors: Lapa Andrea
Published: October 2024

This article presents a participatory and activist action-research project conducted in Brazil by the Federal Universities of Santa Catarina and Bahia, in collaboration with public schools. The systematized and researched experience offers a thoughtful reflection on the integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in human rights education, presenting it as both a challenge and an opportunity for new possibilities. The proposal merges hacker education with human rights education. The hacker education paradigm emphasizes the value of autonomy, agency, empowerment, authorship, and collective, collaborative production in an openness of sources and know ledges with, for, and through ICT. This paradigm intersects with the human rights education paradigm, particularly in its promotion of the acceptance of otherness and its commitment to democratic coexistence, plurality, and intercultural education. Based on a project carried out between 2018 and 2022 with basic education teachers, this research aimed to analyze the challenges and opportunities presented by the hacker perspective in human rights education in the digital age. The university-school action is analyzed through the collective understanding of the project's participants and presents principles to guide public policies, teacher education, and educational research, including  the importance of research on the margins, the role of public intellectuals, the dismantling of the subject-object distinction, the promotion of non-hierarchical relationships between universities and schools, and the recognition of teachers as researchers.
La producción bibliográfica sobre educación para nunca más en Brasil
Authors: Tavares Zenaide Maria de Nazaré
Published: October 2024

This article was presented as part of Axis II: Memory, Truth, Justice, and Reparation during the 10th Latin American and Caribbean Colloquium of Latin American and Caribbean Network of Human Rights Education and the Colombian Network of Human Rights Education (REDLACEDH), which took place at the National Pedagogical University of Bogotá, Colombia, from October 11 to 13, 2023. The event was organized by the REDLACEDH. These are the findings of a study on the production of literature regarding memory, truth, and justice; this production was born from experiences of education for “Never Again” in Brazil. The bibliographical research on social production related to the period 1964-1985 in Brazil originated from social organizations such as Movimiento de Mujeres por la Amnistía (Women’s Movement for Amnesty), Comités Brasileños de Amnistía (Brazilian Amnesty Committees), Comisión de Justicia y Paz (Justice and Peace Commission), Grupos Tortura Nunca Más (Torture Never Again Groups), Movimiento de Familiares de Muertos y Desaparecidos (Movement of Relatives of the Dead and Disappeared). The review encompasses political issues such as dossiers and reports on serious violations of human rights, the memory of hunger strikes inside political prisons, the historiography of resistance movements against the dictatorship, biographies, audiovisual productions, and educational practices of knowledge and memory originated from actions of resistance and defense. In this process, the significant roles played by former political prisoners, family members, lawyers, religious leaders, and human rights defenders are particularly noteworthy. The establishment of the Comisión Nacional de la Verdad (National Truth Commission) led to the emergence of productions stemming from human rights policy, including Truth Commission reports, academic studies, and research on transitional justice. At this stage, the centrality of political persecution by the authoritarian state returns, allowing space for silenced discourse.
Cuerpo como territorio de paz: propuesta de Educación en Derechos Humanos en Espacios Informales y Contextos Juveniles
Authors: Beltrán Neusa Ana Sofía , Quesada Gabriel Leonardo Ángel
Published: October 2024

This paper, Body as a Territory of Peace: A Proposal for Human Rights Education in Informal Spaces and Youth Contexts, aims to describe a pedagogical proposal to connect with the possibilities offered by informal learning and leisure spaces. These possibilities, combined with the simplicity of neighborhood contexts, enable approaching the (re)conceptualization of the body as a territory of peace from education for human rights and the claim of education for peace. It is proposed to use the controversial pedagogy and the pedagogy of liberation to establish a dialogic process taking into account the contribution provided in volume V, “Enduring war and rebuilding life: Impacts, confrontations and resistances,” from the report of the Comisión de la Verdad de Colombia (2022) [Colombian Truth Commission], to ultimately narrate the experience through the diversity offered by art. This pedagogical proposal offers an opportunity to heal the wounds and tend to the scars left by the internal armed conflict in Colombia, even when they seem invisible, claiming spaces of memory that history has also imprinted on the skin during our country's ongoing transition to peace.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МЕТОДА ГЕОРАДИОЛОКАЦИИ В S-ДИАПАЗОНЕ ДЛИН ВОЛН ПРИ ИССЛЕДОВАНИИ ЗОНЫ КОНТАКТА “БЕТОННАЯ КРЕПЬ - ПОРОДНЫЙ МАССИВ”
Authors: В.Н. ОПАРИН , Е.В. ДЕНИСОВА , А.П. ХМЕЛИНИН , К.О. СОКОЛОВ , А.И. КОНУРИН
Published: October 2024

Методом георадиолокации исследована трехслойная модель контакта “бетонная крепь - полость - породный массив” с учетом вариации толщины полости и электромагнитных свойств материалов, ее заполняющих. Численное моделирование основано на использовании метода конечных разностей во временной области. Результаты численного моделирования сопоставлены с результатами физического моделирования, реализованного с помощью георадара SIR-3000 и антенного блока Model52600 с рабочей частотой 2.6 ГГц (S-диапазона). Установлено влияние размеров полости в бетонной обделке и электромагнитных свойств заполняющего материала на точность измерения дальности до нижней границы полости, а также до неоднородности в виде металлической арматуры, расположенной непосредственно за полостью в породном массиве, и толщины самой полости.

The Ground Penetrating Radar method is used to study a three-layered model of the surrounding rock-void-lining interface with regard to variation in the void thickness and in the electromagnetic properties of the void filler. The numerical modeling uses the method of finite differences in the time domain. The numerical modeling data are compared with the results of the physical simulation implemented using SIR-3000 GPR with the Model 52600 antenna having the working frequency of 2.6 GHz (S-band). It is found that the size of the void behind concrete lining and the electromagnetic properties of a material filling the void have influence on the accuracy of ranging to the lower boundary of the void and to the discontinuity in the form of a steel bolt located immediately behind the void in surrounding rock mass.
РЕКОНСТРУКЦИЯ ПАЛЕОНАПРЯЖЕНИЙ ЗАПАДНОГО САХАЛИНА ПО РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМ ТЕКТОНОФИЗИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ
Authors: П.А. КАМЕНЕВ , А.В. МАРИНИН
Published: October 2024

Рассматриваются тектонические напряжения Западно-Сахалинского террейна, полученные с использованием различных тектонофизических методов. Представлена реконструкция поля напряжений угольных месторождений Сахалина, проведенная с помощью графического метода определения ориентировки осей напряжений по трещинам и разрывным нарушениям (для 16 точек наблюдения). Дополнительные полевые тектонофизические исследования позволили оценить преимущественную ориентацию основных систем зеркал скольжения разной кинематики и на их основе реконструировать параметры локальных стресс-тензоров в 53 точках наблюдения. По типу напряженного состояния для Западно-Сахалинского террейна наиболее характерным является горизонтальное растяжение.

The article discusses tectonic stresses determined in the West Sakhalin terrain using different tectonophysical methods. The reconstruction of the stress field in coal fields in Sakhalin is implemented using the graphical method of orientation finding of stress axes in fractures and faults (at 16 observation points). The supplementary on-site tectonophysical studies made it possible to estimate the preferred orientation of the main slickensides of different kinematics and to reconstruct on this basis the local stress tensors at 53 observation points. The typical stress state of the West Sakhalin terrain is horizontal tension.
ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ СТЕПЕНИ ОКИСЛЯЕМОСТИ И САМОВОЗГОРАНИЯ РУД И ГОРНЫХ ПОРОД В ЕСТЕСТВЕННОМ И ВОДОНАСЫЩЕННОМ СОСТОЯНИЯХ
Authors: А.А. ЕРЕМЕНКО , Т.П. ДАРБИНЯН , Ю.Н. ШАПОШНИК , В.А. ПОРТОЛА , П.А. ЦОЙ
Published: October 2024

Предложена методика определения степени окисляемости и самовозгорания руд и горных пород в условиях Октябрьского месторождения. Определена скорость окисления сульфидной руды, которая увеличивается после увлажнения. Приведены результаты исследований склонности к самовозгоранию руды и вмещающих пород, выделения газов в изотермических условиях и при нагревании. Установлена склонность сульфидной руды, роговиков и габбро-долеритов к самовозгоранию.

The article describes determination of oxidizability and spontaneous combustion of ore and rocks as a case-study of the Oktyabrsky deposit. The rate of oxidation of sulfide ore increases after watering. The authors present the studies on sensitivity of ore and enclosing rocks to spontaneous combustion, as well as on gas emission in isothermal conditions and in heating. It is found that sulfide ore, hornfels and gabbro-dolerite are sensitive to spontaneous combustion.
ПОВЫШЕНИЕ СЕЛЕКТИВНОСТИ ФЛОТАЦИОННОГО РАЗДЕЛЕНИЯ МИНЕРАЛОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ МЕХАНИЗМА РАБОТЫ ФИЗИЧЕСКИ СОРБИРУЕМОГО СОБИРАТЕЛЯ
Authors: С.А. КОНДРАТЬЕВ , И.А. КОНОВАЛОВ , Т.Г. ГАВРИЛОВА
Published: October 2024

Рассмотрены основные механизмы активации флотации ионами металлов, дан их критический анализ. Показано, что ионы металлов могут быть активаторами или депрессорами флотационного процесса. На основе механизма работы физически сорбируемых собирателей раскрывается, в каких случаях металлы являются активаторами, а в каких - депрессорами. Предложен один из методов повышения селективности выделения целевого минерала при нежелательной активации флотации сопутствующих компонентов. Результаты работы могут быть полезны при выборе металла активатора, соотношения концентраций активатора и собирателя, рН флотационной системы.

The main mechanisms of flotation activation by ions of metals are discussed and critically analyzed. It is shown that ions of metals can be both activators and depressants of flotation. Based on the mechanism of physisorption, it is revealed when metals act as activators and depressants. A method is proposed to stimulate selectivity of extraction of a target mineral in case of undesirable activation of flotation of associate components. The studies can be useful in selection of metal-activator, ratio of concentrations of activator and collector and pH of flotation system.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НЕЙРОННЫХ СЕТЕЙ ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ НАПРЯЖЕНИЙ В МАССИВЕ ПОРОД МЕТОДОМ ФОТОУПРУГОСТИ
Authors: С.А. НЕВЕРОВ , А.А. НЕВЕРОВ , А.И. КОНУРИН , М.А. АДЫЛКАНОВА , Д.В. ОРЛОВ
Published: October 2024

Развит поляризационно-оптический метод измерения напряжений на основе кольцевых фотоупругих датчиков со съемом картин изохром-изолиний цифровой камерой и их распознаванием с помощью нейронных сетей. Сделан обзор современного применения метода фотоупугости для различных задач теории прочности и анализа горного давления. В результате лабораторного эксперимента собран датасет из 15 000 изохроматических изображений. В качестве машинного алгоритма обучения использован подвид нейросети - сверточная нейронная сеть, модель Inception. Рекомендовано применение в горных выработках скважинных датчиков для непрерывного мониторинга изменения напряженного состояния массива пород и интеграция данных в цифровую модель месторождения на основе технологий IoT.

The optical polarization method with ring-shaped photoelastic sensors, digital photography of isochromatic patterns and their clarification using neural networks is developed for the stress measurement in rock mass. The case-studies of the photoelasticity application in solving various problems of elasticity and rock pressure analysis are reviewed. As a result of a lab-scale experiment, a data set of 15 000 isochromatic images is collected. The machine learning algorithm was a convolutional neural network, the Inception module. The authors recommend using downhole sensors for the continuous stress monitoring in underground mines and integrating the obtained data in a digital model with the help of IoT.
The vulnerabilities of Bekesy’s travelling wave theory
Authors: Myjkowski Jan
Published: October 2024

The theory of hearing declared in 1928 by George von Bekesy under the name of ‘travelling wave theory’ fails to explain all the processes related to hearing in accordance with the current state of knowledge, albeit complemented on many occasions. Perfect new research methods of various Centres around the world as well as analyses of published studies allow one to form a new philosophy of hearing. Many beliefs presented as part of the former theory have become a thing of the past. A new vision of hearing has been put forward in a published paper titled Submolecular Theory of Hearing.
Sleep disorders in cancer patients during systemic therapy
Authors: Pysz-Waberski Dariusz , Wnuk Jakub , Pietrzyński Łukasz , Wróblewski Oskar
Published: October 2024

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency, quantity and quality of subjective sleep problems, and their correlation with accompanying factors in cancer patients undergoing systemic therapy. Materials and methods: The study included 100 patients – 50 females and 50 males – undergoing oncological treatment who filled out an anonymous questionnaire specifically designed for this research. Results: 88% of the respondents reported the duration of sleep in the range of 5 to 9 hours. 48% of the respondents declared a deterioration in the quality of sleep after the diagnosis of cancer. Following the onset of sleep problems, 66% of respondents did not pursue any treatment. Among the examined patients, symptoms of insomnia were reported by 18%, and symptoms of hypersomnia – by 6%. Mixed sleep disorders were reported by 11% of respondents. The patients undergoing surgical treatment reported a statistically significantly lower quality of sleep compared to the patients not undergoing surgery (median score in the quantitative scale 6 vs. 7 on a scale of 1–10, where 1 indicated the worst quality of sleep and 10 indicated the best quality of sleep; p = 0.04). A very small percentage of patients sought pharmacotherapy or specialist help for sleep disorders, which precludes drawing statistically significant conclusions about the impact of these interventions on sleep quality. Conclusions: Sleep problems are often reported by patients during oncological treatment (48%). The main sleep-related complaints were advanced sleep phase disorders. Due to the frequent occurrence of sleep disorders among patients, it is important to conduct a thorough medical interview to diagnose them and implement appropriate treatment.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder from a cognitive-behavioural point of view
Authors: Konopka Anna Maria
Published: October 2024

The prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the adult population is estimated at about 2–3%, while in children the prevalence of this disorder is higher, and it is considered to be one of the most common neuropsychiatric diseases in paediatric populations. Symptoms from the obsessive-compulsive disorder spectrum can vary in severity or occur with varying frequency. In severe cases, they are time-consuming and disorganise functioning, causing psychological stress not only to patients but often to those around them. The level of insight differentiates individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder, affecting the course of treatment. Low insight often accompanies poor susceptibility to pharmacotherapeutic and psychotherapeutic interactions, while high levels of criticism may inhibit the motivation to seek help, out of fear of social judgement. Obsessive-compulsive disorder deserves the attention of clinicians because, without appropriate treatment, the disorder can take a chronic form, often becoming a trigger for depression, social phobia, or addiction. American data show that 90% of respondents meeting the criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder also suffer from another Axis I disorder. Cognitive-behavioural therapy is a method with proven effectiveness in the treatment of Axis I disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder. The first goal of this paper is to present cognitive models of obsessive-compulsive disorder that will allow clinicians to understand the nature of this condition. The second goal is to describe the possibilities and tools used in cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy of patients.
What can machine learning help with microstructure-informed materials modeling and design?
Authors: Peng Xiang-Long , Fathidoost Mozhdeh , Lin Binbin , Yang Yangyiwei , Xu Bai-Xiang
Published: October 2024

Machine learning (ML) techniques have been widely employed as effective tools in addressing various engineering challenges in recent years, particularly for the challenging task of microstructure-informed materials modeling. This work provides a comprehensive review of the current ML-assisted and data-driven advancements in this field, including microstructure characterization and reconstruction, multiscale simulation, correlations among process, microstructure, and properties, as well as microstructure optimization and inverse design. It outlines the achievements of existing research through best practices and suggests potential avenues for future investigations. Moreover, it prepares the readers with educative instructions of basic knowledge and an overview on ML, microstructure descriptors, and ML-assisted material modeling, lowering the interdisciplinary hurdles. It should help to stimulate and attract more research attention to the rapidly growing field of ML-based modeling and design of microstructured materials.

Graphical abstract
Highly oriented as-grown beta-phase bismuth oxide for optical MEMS
Authors: Jeffery Roger D. , Nachimuthu Radha Krishnan , Faraone Lorenzo , Martyniuk Mariusz
Published: October 2024

Reactive sputtering of bismuth has been used to form highly oriented beta-phase Bi2O3 thin films at 120 °C. Notably, the films consist of nearly vertical ~ 50 nm diameter nano-filaments of highly aligned β phase pure bismuth oxide. The optical characteristics of the films include a direct optical bandgap of 3.95 eV at 300 K and nearly negligible optical absorption in the wavelength range from 500 to 3000 nm. Nanoindentation experiments show that the mechanical characteristics of the films include reduced modulus and hardness values of 90 and 4.5 GPa, respectively. As fabricated, the films exhibit tensile stress which in combination with a relatively high refractive index value in the range of 2.4–2.5 makes the realized Bi2O3 films structurally and optically suitable for fabrication of optical microelectromechanical (MEMS) devices with applications in the visible to mid-infrared wavelength region, such as MEMS-based Fabry–Pérot microspectrometers, which is demonstrated through simulations.

Graphical Abstract
Development of functionally graded structure for hip endoprosthesis stem based on lattice-type metamaterial
Authors:   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Nezhinskaya Lilia , Maslov Leonid ,   Ivanovo State Power University named after V.I. Lenin, Borovkov Alexey , Zhmaylo Mikhail , Tarasenko Fedor
Published: October 2024

The paper reports on design and studies of a promising configuration of a hip endoprosthesis stem. The femoral component of the endoprosthesis is constructed based on a metamaterial produced by additive technologies, representing a periodic porous structure of variable topology. The central goal of the design procedure was to numerically determine the spatially graded relative density of the lattice structure within the implant volume by solving the optimization problem. The first stage of development comprised finite element modeling of a system with a solid implant attached, i.e., the optimization space, for seven different loading scenarios. These scenarios were constructed to represent the most typical cases of human motor activity. The second step was to determine the optimal spatial distribution of relative density of the lattice structure in the implant volume, obtained by solving the topological optimization problem under the given loading. After the optimization problem was solved, the distribution of the relative density of the lattice structure was obtained, serving as a basis for constructing a geometric model of a functionally graded porous scaffold for implantation. This result allows achieving an optimal ratio of stiffness and mass properties under the given loading conditions. The approach was verified by direct finite element modeling of the constructed lattice geometry of the implant under specific loading scenarios. Analyzing the stress fields in the volume of the endoprosthesis, we concluded that there were no critical regions in the developed structure, so the approach taken to develop the metamaterial-based endoprosthesis can be deemed correct.
Biomechanics cerebral and carotid arteries: aneurysm development and atherosclerotic plaque detachment in the presence of combined pathologies
Authors:   Saratov State University, Dol Aleksandr
Published: October 2024

Today, the main cause of mortality in the world remains cardiovascular diseases. In this case, the combined pathology of the neck and head arteries, in which atherosclerosis affects the carotid arteries and there is a change in blood flow in the vertebral arteries or in the circle of Willis due to aplasia of the communicating artery, significantly increases the risk of aneurysms formation and their subsequent rupture. Assessing the risk of complications in this type of pathological condition may allow the physician to initiate timely preventive measures in specific clinical cases. The paper presents the results of modelling various variants of combined pathologies in the arteries of the neck and head. The segment under consideration includes sections of the common carotid, external and internal carotid arteries, as well as vessels of the circle of Willis and the basilar artery. The main idea of the study was to create a prognostic model to assess the risks of aneurysm formation in the circle of Willis and atherosclerotic plaque rupture in the carotid arteries. Such a system may be useful for physicians in routine practice when planning treatment tactics in patients with combined pathologies of the arterial channel. Based on the literature analysis, a number of pathologies of the cerebral and carotid arteries, most frequently occurring in various combinations, were identified: stenoses of the ICA (30 % and 70 %) and aplasia (absence) of one of the connecting arteries were considered from the point of view of geometrical features. In addition, the character of blood flow in the basilar artery, which can change its direction in steal-syndrome, was taken into account. Based on the analysis of blood flow and wall shear stress, two degrees of risk of aneurysm formation were distinguished. High risk corresponds to cases for which both of these values were statistically significantly different from the norm. Medium risk corresponds to cases for which only one of the values was statistically significantly different from the norm. For models containing atherosclerotic plaques, data on shear and normal stresses on the surfaces of atherosclerotic plaques were tabulated. The risk of plaque rupture on each side was determined for each case by analysing the result sets 11 combinations of pathological conditions with increased risk were indicated.
Development and approval of a mobile test bench for the study of the mechanical properties of biological tissues
Authors:   Saratov State University, Parshina Irina , Dol Aleksandr , Ivanov Dmitry , Bessonov Leonid , Maystrenko Dmitriy ,   Russian Scientific Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies named after Academician A.M. Granov, Generalov Mihail
Published: October 2024

The determination of the mechanical properties of vessel walls and atherosclerotic plaques is a recurring issue in the numerical modelling of vessel sections. Testing machines are usually located in specialised laboratories outside medical facilities, and transporting samples from the clinic is difficult. Therefore, the task of developing mobile testing devices that can be installed directly in the clinic to perform tests immediately after surgery is relevant. This paper presents the results of the development and validation of a mobile test bench for performing mechanical experiments on uniaxial compression and tension of biological tissues. The purpose of the work is to perform mechanical tests on tissues in the clinic, avoiding their transport to the laboratory and/or freezing. Arduino UNO hardware platform is used as the control element of the test bench, which controls the main elements (motor, load cell), records data on SD card and displays information about the experiment on the computer screen. Structurally, the test bench is an analogue of a two-column testing machine. All mechanisms are assembled in a portable case, the control module is in the form of a remote plastic box. Verification of the test bench was carried out using an Instron 3342 universal testing machine with a 500 N load cell. A total of 121 soft tissue tests (including arterial wall and atherosclerotic plaque) were performed on the bench. The Young's modulus and ultimate strength values obtained are summarised in a table. The mean Young's modulus for the wall of the internal carotid artery was 0.32 ± 0.24 MPa, for soft plaque 0.30 ± 0.17 MPa, and for hard plaque 0.85 ± 0.39 MPa; a tensile strength of 1.12 ± 0.67 MPa was also determined for hard plaques in carotid arteries. The result is a unique database of tissue Young's moduli obtained from freshly collected material. The methodology and its implementation on the mobile test bench show good agreement with literature data.
Approach for evaluating the effectiveness of ex vivo root canal instrumentation using microtomography
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Sadyrin Evgeniy , Laktionov Egor ,   Dental clinic in Rostov-on-Don
Published: October 2024

Endodontic treatment of a tooth involves effective elimination of the infectious process localized in the tooth cavity and root canals. The process of root canal treatment is carried out using specialized rotary instruments (files). In this paper, an approach is proposed for evaluating the effectiveness of root canal treatment using the ProTaper Next file system ex vivo using computed X-ray microtomography and VGSTUDIO MAX 3.5 software. This approach involves comparison of three-dimensional tooth models before and after the endodontic instrumentation procedure, segmentation, calculation of the root canal volume using software according to a specially developed protocol, as well as a study of their microgeometry. As an example of using the approach, a study of the features of root canal instrumentation of two- and three-rooted human molars is presented. The developed approach demonstrated high effectiveness in the process of examining human teeth, while the endodontic procedure was effective for both two- and three-rooted molars in terms of removing the internal biological content of the canals, which indicates the reliability of the applied method. The developed approach can be applied to evaluate the effectiveness of liquid dental materials and antibacterial solutions used during endodontic treatment of teeth.
Stress-strain state of dental immediate prosthesis and associated tissue under the influence of external force
Authors:   Russian University of Medicine, Chizhmakov Evgeniy , Muslov Sergey , Arutyunov Anatolij , Astashina Natalia ,   Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Wagner, Nikitin Vladislav ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Nikishenko Aleksey ,   Design Bureau of Technical Means of Rehabilitation
Published: October 2024

Purpose: to analyze the stress-strain state (SSS) of a removable plate immediate denture with a printed dentition made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) base under multifactor loading conditions based on the principles of mathematical modeling. Materials and methods: For mathematical modeling of SSS, Comsol Multiphysics 5.6 software (Comsol Inc., USA) was used, which provided numerical data for analytical interpretation. We considered a flat 2D model consisting of a printed monolithic dentition and a PMMA bonding layer, a PET base, the mucous membrane of the prosthetic field and jaw bone tissue. Results: The fields of von Mises stresses (VM) and deformations under the influence of normal, oblique and tangential loads (up to 500 N), the localization of their maximum values and the average value inside the prosthetic structure, mucous membrane and bone tissue were determined. The maximum values of VM in the mucous membrane are compared with the pain threshold based on known literature data on algesiometry of the oral mucosa. An assessment was made of the critical length of microcracks (CLM) according to Griffiths, which lead to the formation of a main crack followed by brittle fracture of the structure base. Using the phase field method, the probability of crack formation in the considered model of an orthopedic structure under the influence of static loads of various magnitudes and directions was calculated. Conclusions: Using the method of mathematical modeling of SSS, it was shown that failures when using immediate dentures with printed teeth made of PMMA and a PET base can be caused by the effect of overloading the areas of the base and caused by the deformation process inside the prosthetic structure. The maximum stress in the prosthetic elements was 79.7 MPa and deformation – 0.47 mm. The pain threshold of the oral mucosa is higher than the highest stress value in the prosthetic bed according to Mises (0.002 MPa) for normal load of 500 N. The SSS heterogeneity coefficient of the removable plate immediate prosthesis model is 8.6. The critical length of a microcrack according to Griffiths is lcrit = 1.9...2.7 µm. Using the Comsol Multiphysics phase field method, it was established that the probability of the formation of a large crack in the base of the prosthesis was 6·10–3 %, 0.36 %,0.73 % for a normal, inclined and shear load of 500 N, which is a sufficient value for the operation of removable laminar dentures with printed teeth from PMMA and a PET base during the warranty period.
Mathematical modeling of sound propagation through the respiratory tract in a modified gas environment
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dyachenko Alexander , Astafyeva Svetlana
Published: October 2024

The aim of the work was to develop a mathematical model of sound propagation through the human respiratory tract when breathing certain respiratory gas mixtures. We based the model on an assembler model of branching of the respiratory tract. For calculations, we presented the human tracheobronchial tree in the form of an equivalent T-shaped cut section diagram, which includes parameters of the walls of the respiratory tract. We carried the simulation out in two main stages. At the first stage, we calculated the impedance of the flow from the small airways to the larger airways. At the second stage, we calculated the sound pressure caused by breathing. As a result, we obtained the curves of the impedance dependence on the frequency spectrum, as well as the sound power from the respiratory flow. We noted that when breathing air, the impedance value remains constant with increasing frequency. Moreover, we also noted that when exposed to a heavier gas than air, the impedance value constantly increases, and when exposed to lighter gases, after reaching a maximum, the impedance value decreases. We found that the highest sound pressure is typical for the oxygen-krypton mixture, and the lowest for the oxygen–helium mixture. We also found that in the case of modeling the laminar flow regime (with a critical Reynolds number equal to 1800), sound affects how many generations of bronchi more than in the case of modeling the transient flow regime (with a critical Reynolds number equal to 2700). Thus, we drew conclusions about the influence of the physical properties of gaseous media on the amount of sound pressure and the propagation of sound through the human respiratory tract.
Auto-heteroecoformação Tecnológica de Professores de Línguas: um olhar complexo sobre o Projeto pedagógico de Cursos de Licenciatura em Letras
Authors: Fialho Vanessa Ribas , Costa Alan Ricardo , Beviláqua André Firpo
Published: October 2024

O artigo aborda a formação docente de professores de línguas e propõe repensar a educação no viés do Pensamento Complexo. O objetivo geral é analisar as condições iniciais para a auto-heteroecoformação tecnológica em Cursos de Licenciatura em Letras, avaliando os Projetos Pedagógicos de Cursos (PPC) de três universidades brasileiras. O estudo, de abordagem qualitativa, com metodologia documental, foca nos PPC como fonte principal. Resultados indicam que: (1) nos três PPC, são perceptíveis condições iniciais para a auto-heteroecoformação tecnológica; (2) o PPC da UF1 é aquele que mais notoriamente discute tecnologias; (3) os documentos estão em sinergia com a Complexidade, no sentido de espraiar questões sobre auto-heteroecoformação tecnológica não apenas em componentes curriculares, mas por toda a formação docente, incluindo projetos e ações de pesquisa, ensino e extensão.
Effect of deflocculants on the rheological behavior of high alumina matrix suspensions for self-flowing bauxite castable
Authors: M. A. Trubinsin , L. V Furda , V. V Lisnyak , N. A. Volovicheva , Van Dat Doan , Van Thuan Le
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the influence of commercially available polyphosphates and polycarboxylate ethers as deflocculants on aqueous suspensions containing high alumina cement (HAC), reactive alumina (RA), and various matrix compositions. Utilizing rheological methods, the research explores the interplay between dispersant concentration and the apparent viscosity and flow behavior of RA suspensions and matrix mixtures. The Casson model is employed to effectively describe the obtained flow data. Moreover, the study discerns specific impacts of polycarboxylate ethers on the thickening properties of matrix mixtures characterized by varying RA and HAC contents. Additionally, the research evaluates the physical and mechanical properties of low-cement bauxite castables treated with a range of polycarboxylate esters. The findings demonstrate that all deflocculated suspensions exhibit Non-Newtonian structured fluid behavior with a discernible yield stress (τ0) at shear rates below 20 s-1. At higher shear rates, there is a significant reduction in apparent viscosity, aligning well with the Casson model. Comparative assessments, based on flow curve values τ0, elucidate differing degrees of suspension flocculation depending on the type of dispersant used.
Water Stress Adaptations by Rhododendron arboreum Smith in The Himalayan Treeline Environment
Authors: Singh Nandan , Tewari Ashish , Shah Shruti , Mittal Amit
Published: October 2024

Drought is amongst the most important climatic events which can severely impact natural ecosystems. The under-canopy Indian Himalayan tree species are less studied on water stress in harsh climatic conditions. Rhododendron arboreum is an ecologically and economically important tree species and distributed between 1500–3500 m asl in the Himalayan ecosystems. In this study, we have tried to assess the water stress adaptations by R. arboreum near the treeline ecotone located at 30°11´02˝N and 79°39´36˝E between 3100 and 3500 m asl elevation. Water potential (Ψ) was measured using a Pressure chamber and leaf conductance with the help of AP4 porometer. Soil moisture (Sm) across the depths was highly variable (p<0.05). The pre-dawn water potential (ΨPD) of R. arboreum tree varied between -0.12 and -0.91 MPa. ANOVA showed that the ΨPD of R. arboreum seedlings varied significantly across the years, seasons, and sites (p<0.05). The decline in osmotic potential at full turgor (Ψπ100) was -1.18 to -1.20 MPa in trees and -1.42 to -1.72 MPa in seedlings. The morning leaf conductance (gwAM) of R. arboreum trees ranged from 58.00 to 271.68 m mol m-2 sec-1. Correlation showed that the maximum leaf conductance in R. arboreum trees was observed when the ΨPD was -0.5 to -0.9 MPa. Water uptake function in plants is generally affected by winter frost which can change the Ψ, osmotic potential, and leaf conductance of plants. The ΨPD in the species was relatively high across all seasons in the treeline areas to disrupt physiological activities.
МЕТРИКИ ОЦІНКИ ЯКОСТІ РОБОТИ СИСТЕМИ ОБРОБКИ ЗВЕРНЕНЬ ДО СЛУЖБИ ТЕХНІЧНОЇ ПІДТРИМКИ
Authors: Дьяченко Максим Ігорович , Роскладка Андрій Анатолійович
Published: October 2024

Анотація. В цьому дослідженні розглядається питання оцінки якості роботи підрозділу технічної підтримки за допомогою дослідження ряду показників якості - метрик. Дослідження цієї сфери допоможуть ефективно керувати процесами у підрозділах технічної підтримки, оцінювати якість змін та більш точно прогнозувати вплив змін на ефективність роботи підрозділу. В роботі проаналізовано предметну область, дано визначення всім метрикам, проаналізовано методи визначення значимості метрик з використанням багатофакторних моделей прийняття рішень. Метрики були зібрані у структуровану таблицю, була розроблена модель залежностей часових метрик. Впроваджено категоризацію всіх метрик на метрики часу, розподілу і інші кількісні метрики. Запропонований метод аналізу показників з використанням різних перспектив, розроблено список таких перспектив.  Запропоновано методологію проведення подальшого дослідження, розроблено рекомендації щодо впровадження метрик у робочий процес.
ВОЛОКОННО-ОПТИЧНИЙ ПРИСТРІЙ ДЛЯ СИСТЕМ АВТОМАТИЗОВАНОГО ЕКОЛОГІЧНОГО МОНІТОРИНГУ
Authors: Сандлер Альберт Кириллович , Карпілов Олександр Ю. , Удолатій Вікторія Б.
Published: October 2024

Анотація. Одним з напрямків, що визначають підвищення якості та вірогідності автоматизованих систем екологічного моніторингу стану повітряного середовища, є інтелектуалізація процесів обробки діагностичної інформації на основі технології експертних систем. Системи такого типу дозволяють забезпечити підвищення якості розпізнавання технічного стану контрольованого середовища. Найбільш ефективною системою моніторингу стану повітряного середовища є система з методами організації вимірювань, що базуються на індивідуальному спостереженні зміни складу повітряної суміші в процесі експлуатації шляхом вимірювань, проведених на постійній основі плином тривалих періодів часу. Але, певним чином, розвиток згаданих систем стримується недосконалістю відповідних датчиків газоаналізу. Ціль роботи полягає у впровадження новітніх засобів газоаналізу для запобігання негативного впливу небезпечних речовин на стан людини. Об'єктом дослідження є процеси формування й перетворення вимірювального сигналу у засобі контролю вмісту хлору.  Предметом дослідження є волоконно-оптичні засоби вимірювання вмісту хлору. Пропонується вирішення поставленої задачі за рахунок впровадження нового волоконно-оптичного датчику. Відмінність датчика полягає у тому, що джерело випромінювання та фотоприймач сполучені оптичним розгалужувачем з вимірювальним світловодом, виконаним з ніобату літію, який вкритий чутливою плівкою з гідроксиду нікелю, має віддзеркалюючий шар на торці та сполучений з біметалевим розрізним кільцем.
Створення волоконно-оптичного датчику пропонованої конструкції дозволить отримати засіб вимірювання, який є інваріантним до неконтрольованих впливів дестабілізуючих факторів та має достатню чутливість до контрольованих параметрів. Застосування такого засобу сприятиме організації постійного та довготривалого контролю стану повітря у виробничих приміщеннях.
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM FOR NUMBER OF LOGIC GATES NEEDED TO IMPLEMENT MULTIPLE BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS USING DECODER
Authors: Onai M. , Skopyk H.
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Background. Computer circuits enable almost every piece of electronics to function. An opportunity for their optimization was found in one of the ways to implement a circuit, which involves a decoder. Decoders are basic circuit components whose behavior makes it easy to implement multiple Boolean functions. Functions are just rules by which informational signals are being processed in the circuit. To implement a function Logic gatEs (LEs) are used. LEs group multiple input signals and process them using binary logic operators like AND or NOR.
Purpose. Develop a computer program that, based on provided functions, will find a solution associated with approximately minimal number of logic gates.
Relevance. Prevalence of circuits increases the value of small optimizations, since any improvement gets multiplied by millions of circuits produced. Optimization at the logic level is being explored, which will retain value regardless of the physical properties of the circuit. Additionally, the theory of optimizing LE usage for circuits built on decoders is examined, which will alleviate future research.
Methods. Development of the theory arose from an understanding that input signals can be grouped using LEs consciously. This way, LE outputs can be used in more than one function, which results in reduction of total number of LEs. It becomes evident that the problem can be restated in terms of sets. Similarity to known NP-hard problems emerges, which prompts usage of existing solution approaches. Among them, the greedy algorithm is chosen for its simplicity in program implementation. The connection between the problem and digital circuitry is weakened by the introduction of special evaluation functions that work with sets. So, the problem is reduced to several mathematical rules, which then are used as the appropriate parts of the greedy algorithm. Development of knowledge necessary to create the target program is thus concluded.
Results. The target program is successfully implemented and can be seen in full at https://github.com/Gleb-05/MakeFuncForDC. A test is conducted on 1000 sets of four pseudorandom eight-term functions. It is estimated that the implementations proposed by the program require on average 0.75 of the initial number of LEs. The average running time is estimated at 2 milliseconds. In contrast, brute-force search for the same problem is theorized to run for years.
Conclusions. A working program that finds an almost optimal solution is successfully created and tested. Its performance makes it potentially useful in the industrial scale of circuit manufacturing. Since the program essentially offers workload management, its possible applications go beyond the domain of digital electronics. Additionally, the theory of optimizing the use of LEs is presented for the first time. It can be used as the basis for future research on the implementation of multiple Boolean functions using decoder.
NEW TRANSLITERATION PROGRAM “COTOGWA” DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Surynovych Olena , Lishchyna Natalia , Lohatskyi Vladyslav , Savluk Maksym , Ryzhok Solomiia
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The purpose of the work is to develop a program for transliteration and refactoring of mechanically typed text “CotoGwa”. A literary analysis of the research problem is presented. The choice of ways, technologies and means of solving the task is substantiated. The functional and structural scheme of the program is substantiated. The process of developing a software product is highlighted. Comparative characteristics of analogues are carried out and their shortcomings are described. The advantages of the developed product are defined too. The software development model and used scientific research methods are justified. The practical application of the created product is described step by step. Testing and debugging of the program is described.
Considering the implementation of the software, the architectural solutions and technologies used in the project were analyzed. The program takes into account the needs of users and can be easily extended to provide additional functionality thanks to the flexibility and extensive functionality of the C# programming language.
In the future, the development of the program will include additional options to create even greater convenience and speed of use by users. Taking into account feedback from users can contribute to the further development of this software in the field of text printing.
In general, the development makes it possible to efficiently and conveniently enter and edit text, reducing time spent on additional printing principles and facilitating routine tasks for users.