bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Attitudes Towards Broadband Adoption in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Weerakkody Vishanth
Published: May 2011

Utilizing a survey approach, this research set out to explore the reasons for the slow progress in broadband adoption and investigates the factors that may be affecting the adoption of broadband by KSA consumers. Particular emphasis was placed on individual-level factors such as social and cultural influences. The key findings were that the factors with the main influence on attitude towards adoption of broadband were: (1) usefulness, (2) service quality, (3) age, (4) usage, (5) type of connection, and (6) type of accommodation. Contrary to prediction, although socio-cultural factors such as regulation through filtration of broadband were found to have no significant influence on the adoption of broadband, consumers were aware and largely did not like the regulation. The chapter also provides a discussion on research implications, limitations, and future directions.
Precisions about the Broadband Divide in Chile
Authors: Godoy Sergio E. , Herrera Soledad
Published: May 2011

This chapter aims to quantify more exactly the adoption of broadband at the household level in Chile by assessing its impact on three types of digital divide: between users and nonusers of the Internet, between usage at home and elsewhere, and between home broadband users and modem home users. This was done by a statistical analysis of WIP-Chile surveys of 2003 and 2006. At least in Chile, the main digital gap is still between users and non users of the Internet, both in terms of age and education level. Income mainly affects the probability of having broadband access at home. Since broadband has rapidly expanded among all socioeconomic segments, it is becoming less relevant as a predictor of access and Web usage. Other factors are also weak predictors of both residential use of the Internet and broadband connections at home. New data and surveys are required to clarify the point.
Internet Protocol Television
Authors: Landow Kate Carney , Fandre Michelle , Nambiath Raghu , Shringarpure Ninad , Gates Harvey , Lugmayr Artur , Barker Scott
Published: May 2011

This chapter focuses on evaluating Internet protocol television (IPTV) business models from different service providers through the prism of the Star Model. The tool is based on Porter’s five forces, as developed by M.E. Porter. The Star Model extends the five Forces into a set of metrics to evaluate current and future business offerings. The Star Model is a simple tool used to identify the strengths and weaknesses of different business models in an appealing geometric shape. To highlight how to use this tool, sample partnership models are analyzed to evaluate the strength of a combined service. This tool will help IPTV service providers and all potential investors to build or identify a sound business model for their target market. The Star Model is explored through multiple case studies in this chapter including CBS, AOL, Google, Sling Media, and YouTube.
Social Consequences of Broadband Access in Japan
Authors: Ishii Kenichi
Published: May 2011

In Japan, both the cheapest wired broadband services and the most advanced 3G mobile phone services are widely available. Because of recent procompetitive policy drives such as the “e-Japan policy,” the Japanese broadband market has become very competitive. While the digital divide has narrowed in recent years in terms of Internet access, a divide still exists with regard to Internet usage. Comparison between narrowband and broadband users demonstrates that broadband services currently are used mainly for entertainment. Unlike wired Internet use, mobile Internet is not used for information-gathering activities. Results do not support the media substitution effect of the Internet. Mobile Internet use significantly and positively correlates with socializing with friends, whereas the wired Internet use does not correlate with socializing. Experience of past policies suggests that customer orientation will be a key factor in the success of the “U-Japan” policy.
Internet -Based Changes in Organizational Communication
Authors: Lundmark Erik , Westelius Alf
Published: May 2011

This chapter presents a descriptive study of the use of information and communication technology (ICT) and the change in communication patterns in Swedish sport associations over the period 1994 to 2003. The change is discussed in light of Internet and broadband diffusion. Results show that new channels for communication have been adopted, primarily Web sites and e-mail, but few established channels have been dropped. While there are associations that save time and money and increase the spirit of community using ICT, many organizations experience the increased number of communication channels as a burden since maintaining them takes extra resources but the benefits are not always easy to detect or measure. Certain characteristics common among nonprofit organizations (NPOs) as well as Internet and broadband access have influenced the development of ICT use.
Broadband Diffusion and its Driving Forces
Authors: Nandi Banani , Chakraborty Chandana
Published: May 2011

In the light of the emerging consensus on the potential impact of broadband technology on economic growth and development, this chapter analyzes the cross-country differences in growth of broadband technology by examining the key demand and supply factors driving diffusion in the observed countries. In addition, utilizing empirical evidence and country case analyses, the chapter offers tentative policy suggestions for accelerating broadband diffusion under alternative circumstances.
A Holistic Approach to Information Security Assurance and Risk Management in an Enterprise
Authors: Ng Roy
Published: May 2011

The hypergrowth of computing and communications technologies increases security vulnerabilities to organizations. The lack of resources training, the complexity of new technologies, and the slow legislation process to deter the breach of security all constitute to the trends of increasing security risk in an enterprise. Traditional approaches to risk assessment focusing on either the departmental or branch level lacks of an enterprise perspective. Many organizations assess and mitigate security risks from a technology perspective and deploy technology solutions. This approach ignores the importance of assessing security risk in policy and execution. This chapter discusses a systematic and holistic approach to managing security risk. An approach that utilizes the information life cycle and information assurance (IA) assessment points for the creation of policy, monitoring, auditing of security performance, regulate, and initiate corrective action to minimize vulnerabilities. An “information life cycle” is being proposed with its stage value and the underlying security operatives (gate-points) to protect the information. An information assurance framework and its functions to audit the information security implemented in an enterprise are proposed. Organization must assess the value and the business impact of the information, so that optimal and effective security system and security assurance can be designed.
Design and Implementation of a Distributed Firewall
Authors: Boughaci Dalila , Oubeka Brahim , Aissioui Abdelkader , Drias Habiba , Benhamou Belaïd
Published: May 2011

This chapter presents the design and the implementation of a decentralized firewall. The latter uses autonomous agents to coordinately control the traffic on the network. The proposed framework includes a set of controllers’ agents that ensure the packets filtering services, a proxy agent that plays a role of a proxy server and an identifier agent which is responsible for user authentication. The decentralization of the different agents’ activities is managed by an administrator agent which is a core point for launching the most important operations of the access control. A prototype has been designed and implemented. Furthermore, the authors hope that the underlying framework will inform researchers of a possible way to implement a decentralized firewall to improve the current solution, and will help readers understand the need for techniques and tools such as firewalls that are useful to protect their network traffic.
Securing E-Mail Communication with XML Technology
Authors: Liao Lijun
Published: May 2011

This chapter deals with the issues concerning e-mail communication security. We analyze the most popular security mechanisms and standards related to the e-mail communication and identify potential threats and vulnerabilities. The most significant drawback of all current approaches is the impossibility of keeping headers information authentic. This leads to possible impersonation attacks and profiling of the e-mail communication, and encourages spam and phishing activities. Furthermore, none of the currently available security mechanisms supports partial signature generation of the e-mail content by distinct signers, which might be useful in commercial scenarios. To handle these problems, we suggest a new approach, called XMaiL, which can be considered as an advanced email security mechanism based on the popular XML technologies. The proposed XMaiL supersedes all currently available e-mail security standards in the sense of the higher flexibility and security.
Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery Plans
Authors: Ghormley Yvette
Published: May 2011

This chapter describes the tools that businesses can use to create a Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery Plan. Utilizing business modeling, business impact analysis, risk analysis, and mitigation strategies, businesses can analyze their operations to learn the business critical functions that must be recovered as quickly as possible during any type of disaster. These processes are illustrated using the case study of a hypothetical small manufacturing business located in California. Specific information technology solutions are also discussed and the necessity of integrating them into the overall plan. Businesses that are prepared to face any kind of disaster with an implemented and tested Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery Plan are much more likely to survive than businesses that do not have such a plan. It is hoped that the contents of this chapter will spur business owners that have not yet adopted such a plan to do so.
Information Security Policies
Authors: Sharma Sushil K. , Gupta Jatinder N.D.
Published: May 2011

The purpose of the information security policy is to establish an organization-wide approach to prescribe mechanisms that help identify and prevent the compromise of information security and the misuse of organization’s data, applications, networks, and computer systems to define mechanisms that protect the organization from its legal and ethical responsibilities with regard to its networks’ and computer systems’ connectivity to worldwide networks. Most of the organizations worldwide already have formulated their information security policies. Having a security policy document in itself is not enough, the document must be complete. This paper examines security policies of 20 different academic organizations with standard security policy framework and attempts to answer questions such as: are these security policy documents complete? Are they fully up to date? Does the precept match the practice? These are kind of questions that are addressed in this study.
Security Awareness
Authors: Weippl Edgar
Published: May 2011

This chapter outlines advanced options for security training. It builds on previous publications (Weippl 2005, 2006) and expands them by including aspects of European-wide cooperation efforts in security awareness. Various examples will show what characterizes successful programs. The authors cooperate with ENISA (http://www. enisa.eu.int/) to create a new multi-language awareness training program that uses virtual environments to allow users to train on real systems without any danger. We describe the design and the proposed implementation of the system. In cooperation with the Austrian Computer Society (http://www.ocg.at) we lay the basis for an ECDLmodule on IT security awareness training. Companies are obliged to reasonably secure their IT systems and user awareness training is one of the most important and effective means of increasing security. If claims are filed against a company, it is in the interest of management to provide proof that all users completed IT security training. Moreover, advanced and experienced users need a training environment that lets them try complex scenarios in a safe environment.
The Current State and Future of E-Participation Research
Authors: Phang Chee Wei , Kankanhalli Atreyi
Published: May 2011

The past decade has witnessed an increasing trend of information and communication technologies (ICT) exploitation by governments around the world to enhance citizen participation. This is reflected in the emergence of a plethora of terms associated with the phenomenon, such as e-consultation or online consultation (Whyte & Macintosh, 2002), online rule-making (Charlitz & Gunn, 2002), online deliberation (Price & Cappella, 2006), online public engagement (Coleman & Gotze, 2001), and e-participation (Macintosh, 2004). In this chapter, we will use the term “e-participation” initiatives to refer to government’s use of ICT to engage citizens in democratic processes. The term “e-participation” is chosen because it is sufficiently general to encompass all such efforts by governments. Instances of e-participation initiatives can be found globally, such as Denmark’s Nordpol.dk (http://www.nordpol.dk), U.S.’s Regulations.gov (http://www.regulations.gov), and Singapore’s REACH portal (http://www.reach.gov.sg). Table 1 presents a list of e-participation initiatives that are sampled from around the globe.
Blogging
Authors: Wyld David C.
Published: May 2011

What is a blog? According to a recent report from The Pew Internet & American Life Project, well over half of the American adult population do not know what a blog is (Rainie, 2005). A blog can be simply defined in the following manner: “A blog is an easy-to-use content management tool. When you ‘blog,’ you are instantly adding new content to your site via a Web interface. No technical or programming skills are necessary.” (Weil, 2004, n.p.). In a nutshell, a blog is a “do-it-yourself” Website. Gone are the days (of say 2003) when one would have to be knowledgeable in html or xml programming or make use of complex, and often expensive, Web creation software to create or update a Website. With a blog, your Website can be constantly added to and updated, without having to do anything more than typing (or cutting and pasting) into a text box. Through posting links, you can link your blog to any other site on the Web. You can even add audio/visual material to your blog site by uploading them, much as you would add an attachment to an email. Others who find your site of interest can use RSS (really simple syndication) or sign-up for e-mail alerts to be notified when you post or add material to your blog.
E-Government and SMEs
Authors: Craig Ron
Published: May 2011

This chapter looks at a particular focus of e-government, that of support for business in general and SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) in particular. While this is only one segment of PIT (public information technology), it is an important one. Figure 1 illustrates this, showing overlap between the three areas of government, citizens, and businesses (note the diagram is not to scale). The chapter starts with an overview of the importance of SMEs to regional and national economies, showing why governments encourage their start-up, survival and growth. Following this, an overview of e-G2B (e-government to business) initiatives around the world is provided, with particular attention directed to the SME perspective. The chapter closes with consideration of future trends, conclusions, references, and keyword definitions.
Trust Based E-Commerce Decisions
Authors: Evrim Vesile , McLeod Dennis
Published: May 2011

Over the years, trust has been extensively studied in many fields such as sociology, psychology, and economics. The sociologist Gambetta (2000) states that trust is one of the most important social concepts present in all human interaction and without it there is no cooperation or society. Berscheid (1994) also claims that trust is central to how we interact with each other; thus, it is a key to the positive interrelationships. Social psychologists use the notion of trust to predict acceptance of behaviors by others and institutions (e.g., government agencies). In literature, trust is defined in so many ways that it becomes more elusive than the physical dimensions of space and time. In time, due to the increase of human-computer interaction, trust has become one of the most challenging topics in computer science. Similar to the definitions of trust defined by sociologists and psychologists, computer scientists have also defined trust in their own way (McKnight & Chevany 1996; Falcone & Castelfranchi, 2001; Wang & Vassileva, 2003). How much we trust the source, information, or agent has become one of the hardest questions to answer. As computer technology advances, the need for trust between multiple parties in a communication-based systems increase.
A Framework for Accessible and Usable Web Applications
Authors: Moreno Lourdes , Castro Elena , Cuadra Dolores , Martinez Paloma
Published: May 2011

Internet growth makes use feasible by an increased number of people around the world. For this reason, several approaches must be taken in order to get a universal access for all kinds of users, independent of their capabilities. Nowadays, it is difficult for disabledd people to use the Web in the same way as non-disabledd people, even though the use of this technology is a right for everybody and more in the public administration scope in which, a lot of services must be available for users and on a correct way.
Africa and the Challenges of Bridging the Digital Divide
Authors: Adomi Esharenana E.
Published: May 2011

Much of the developed world has, over the past two decades, been transformed by what are now termed information and communication technologies (ICTs). These technologies exert great impact on most aspects of our lives—in economic activities, education, entertainment, communication, travel, and so on. Also they have inextricably linked with economic prosperity and power (Davison, Vogel, Harris, et al., 2000). At present, Africa is at the bottom of the ICT ladder. This has serious implications both for the continent and the entire world. This is because ICTs are enhancing the economies of those countries that are ICT-rich faster then those that are ICT-poor, thus further widening the development gap between Africa and the industrialized world (Ya’u, n.d.) The realization of the importance of ICTs in economic advancement led the United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development (UNCSTD) to devote the 1995 through 1997 to the study of the linkages between ICTs and development. One of the important results of that effort was the placing of the digital divide on global development agenda. Since then, there has been an internal consensus that there is the need to bridge the digital divide. As a result of this consensus, there has evolved various bridging strategies, actions and initiatives at international, regional, continental and local country levels. Learning from these efforts, African countries have, under the leadership of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), been developing national, sub-regional, and continental initiatives to overcome the digital divide and to promote the greater inclusion of Africa communities into the cyberspace (Ya’u, n.d.) In this chapter, efforts are made to define digital divide, unravel the status of Africa in the global digital map, enumerate the causes of low level of ICT diffusion in Africa, efforts at bridging the divide, discusses future trends, and concludes with steps that can address the divide.
Intelligence and Security Informatics
Authors: Joseph Jimmie L
Published: May 2011

Intelligence and security informatics (ISI) is the application of information systems (IS), databases, and data coding schemes to issues of intelligence gathering, security, and law enforcement. ISI differs from other disciplines of informatics because of the critical role played by the general public in data gathering and information dissemination.
The Role of Data Mining in Intrusion Detection Technology
Authors: Agathou Amalia , Tzouramanis Theodoros
Published: May 2011

Over the past few years, the Internet has changed computing as we know it. The more possibilities and opportunities develop, the more systems are subject to attack by intruders. Thus, the big question is about how to recognize and handle subversion attempts. One answer is to undertake the prevention of subversion itself by building a completely secure system. However, the complete prevention of breaches of security does not yet appear to be possible to achieve. Therefore these intrusion attempts need to be detected as soon as possible (preferably in real time) so that appropriate action might be taken to repair the damage. This is what an intrusion detection system (IDS) does. IDSs monitor and analyze the events occurring in a computer system in order to detect signs of security problems. However, intrusion detection technology has not yet reached perfection. This fact has provided data mining with the opportunity to make several important contributions and improvements to the field of IDS technology (Julisch, 2002).
Managing People and Information in Complex Organizations
Authors: Kalu Kalu N.
Published: May 2011

Information technology affects organizations and society itself as it redefines work content, reorganizes leadership styles and cultures, reshuffles power hierarchies, and spawns a series of both man-designed and spontaneous adaptations. Information technology oftentimes necessitates a new division of labor that creates policy problems and loss of accountability. Organizational leadership, especially in the public sector, urgently requires a theoretical as well as a practical revaluation to cope with the structural and functional changes within work and administrative organizations. This project seeks to elucidate three leadership models in the context of IT-induced changes in organizational forms and processes, namely, networked leadership, organic leadership, and gatekeeper leadership models.
IT Evaluation Issues in Australian Public-Sector Organizations
Authors: Lin Chad
Published: May 2011

Public-sector organizations are one of the top spenders in information technology (IBM, 2006). According to an IDC report, global public-sector IT spending will exceed $138 billion in 2006, representing 12.2% of overall IT spending (IBM). In the United States, public-sector IT spending is likely to grow to $92 billion in 2010 from $71 billion in 2005 (Pulliam, 2005). Despite the huge and growing IT spending by public-sector organizations, the resulting benefits from these IT spending are still not clearly understood (Gunasekaran, 2005). This is often due to the poor IT investment evaluation process implemented by these public-sector organizations (Hall, 1998). In other words, there is a lack of understanding of the impact of the proper IT investment evaluation processes of IT projects in the public-sector organizations. The IT investment evaluation is an ongoing process that seeks to identify best practice and use it as a basis for evaluating public-sector IT project performance in order to set up clear goals and identify areas for improvement (Gunasekaran, 2005). For example, without undertaking proper IT investment evaluation processes, organizations are at the risk of failing to establish clear IT project goals and design. Therefore, research in the public-sector organizations is becoming critical, especially in how these organizations evaluate their IT projects and ensure that benefits expected from these projects are eventually delivered.
A Model for Reengineering IT Job Classes in State Government
Authors: Orgeron Craig P.
Published: May 2011

For public-sector administrators burdened with the task of recruiting and retaining information technology (IT) professionals, these are difficult times. A shortage of IT personnel combined with intense demand for new technology skills has made recruiting and retaining staff harried pursuits; additionally, the demand for technical workers in corporate America keeps rising (Pawlowski, Datta, & Houston, 2005). This demand for workers with leading-edge IT skills is exacerbated by the looming retirement of seasoned government workers, estimated at a 30% reduction in public-sector workforce across state governments by 2006 (Council of State Government [CSG], 2002). Despite the mounting demands on IT to be leveraged in state governments as a cost-reducing and efficiency-increasing tool (Levinson, 2003), even with economic recovery (Information Technology Association of America [ITAA], 2004) many scholars and industry analysts fear a widening shortage in available IT professionals (Pawlowski et al.).
Opportunities, Achievements, and Prospects for Use of IMS LD
Authors: Griffiths David , Liber Oleg
Published: May 2011

The IMS LD specification is internally complex and has been used in a number of different ways. As a result users who have a basic understanding of the role of the specification in interoperability may nevertheless find it difficult to get an overview of the potential of the specification, or to assess what has been achieved through its use. This chapter seeks to make the task simpler by articulating the modes of use of the specification and analysing the work carried out in each. The IMS LD specification is briefly introduced. Four aspects of the IMS Learning Design specification are identified and described: modeling language, interoperability specification, modeling and methodology, and infrastructure. The different opportunities provided by each mode of use are explored and the achievements of work so far carried out are assessed. A number of valuable contributions are identified, but the practical and widespread use of the specification to exchange learning activities has not so far been achieved. The changing technological and organisational environment in which IMS LD operates is discussed, and its implications are explored. Conclusions are offered which summarise achievements with IMS LD to date, with comments on prospects for the future.
Patterns and Pattern Languages in Educational Design
Authors: Goodyear Peter , Yang Dai Fei
Published: May 2011

This chapter provides an overview of recent research and development (R&D) activity in the area of educational design patterns and pattern languages. It provides a context for evaluating this line of R&D by sketching an account of the practice of educational design, highlighting some of its difficulties and the ways in which design patterns and other aids to design might play a role. It foregrounds a tension between optimising design performance and supporting the evolution of design expertise. The chapter provides examples of recent research by the authors on design patterns for networked learning, as well as pointers to complementary research by others. Connections are made with R&D work on learning design and other approaches to supporting design activity.
Design Guidelines for Collaboration and Participation with Examples from the LN4LD (Learning Network for Learning Design)
Authors: Burgos Daniel , Hummel Hans G.K. , Tattersall Colin , Brouns Francis , Koper Rob
Published: May 2011

This chapter presents some design guidelines for collaboration and participation in blended learning networks. As an exemplary network, we describe LN4LD (Learning Network for Learning Design), which was designed to promote learning and discussion about IMS-Learning Design. ‘Lessons learned’ from pilot implementations of this network over a period of five years are phrased as guidelines for future learning network implementations. The chapter focuses on the positive influence of incentive mechanisms and face-to-face meetings on active participation. These successful interventions are explained from theories about self-organization, social exchange, and social affordances. Repeated measurements show the levels of both passive (accessing and reading information) and active participation (posting, replying, and rating) to significantly increase as a result of both interventions. Both the use of incentive mechanisms and face-to-face meetings can therefore be considered as valuable elements for future models for collaboration in learning networks and for establishing an international community of “learning designers.”
Technology, Curriculum, and Pedagogy in the Evaluation of an Online Content Program in Australasia
Authors: Freebody Peter , Muspratt Sandy , McRae David
Published: May 2011

The question addressed in this chapter is: What is the evidence for the effects of online programs of learning objects on motivation and learning? Much of the research available on information and communication technologies (ICTs) generally yields short-term or ambiguous findings, with recommendations that centre on the need for more attention to theorizing and documenting: how ICTs can be located within sequences of curricular learning; the kinds of learning that new ICTs offer (factual, conceptual, application, and transfer); and the ways in which existing pedagogies and uses of ICTs both adapt to and transform one another. This chapter aims to advance discussion of these issues by summarizing ongoing evaluations of a large-scale national program of online learning objects across key curriculum areas, drawing on survey and interview data, and a field experiment in which the effects of exposure to learning objects on learning outcomes in mathematics are documented.
Preparing Participants for Computer Mediated Communication
Authors: Jordan Robert
Published: May 2011

Computer mediated communication (CMC) provides a way of incorporating participant interaction into online environments. Use of such features as discussion forums and chats enhance collaborative work and learning. For many, however, CMC may be an unfamiliar medium. To ensure a successful CMC event, it is essential to adequately prepare participants for CMC. A proposed four step model prepares participants for CMC. The four steps include conducting a needs and population analysis, providing an orientation before the event and shortly after the event begins, and providing continuing support.
Emergent Networks in Computer-Supported Groups
Authors: Stefanone Michael
Published: May 2011

This chapter focuses on whether computer-mediated communication (CMC) tools are actually working to increase the overall level of participation within learning groups, in terms of increasing diversity of relationships within the group. First, this chapter provides a broad overview of social network analysis, and a synopsis of key concepts related to the network approach. In general terms, the literature review integrates network analysis vocabulary and literature on communities of practice. Then, an accessible example of how to apply network analysis to an investigation of computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) groups over time is provided. This is relevant given the increasing popularity of social network analysis, as well as people’s growing dependence on CMC tools to learn, work and play. The results contribute to the ongoing discussion regarding the role technology is having on relationships in computer-mediated contexts, and demonstrate the application of social network techniques to the study of group processes over time.
CMC and E-Mentoring in Midwifery
Authors: Stewart Sarah
Published: May 2011

A mentoring relationship is one in which an experienced person or mentor supports a less experienced person or mentee. E-mentoring is an alternative to traditional face-to-face mentoring incorporating the use of computer-mediated communication (CMC). Currently, e-mentoring is not commonly practiced by New Zealand midwives; however there is some interest in its potential especially as it may overcome geographical isolation which increases access to mentors. This chapter will describe the experiences of one New Zealand midwife who mentored two new graduate midwives in 2006 using a secure storeand- forward e-mail system. This chapter explores how CMC was utilized to facilitate the elements of the mentor’s role as well as reports on the experiences of the mentor and mentee.
Teaching Credibility of Sources in an Age of CMC
Authors: Bower Erin , Brodsky Karen
Published: May 2011

In 1989, the American Library Association issued its Presidential Committee on Information Literacy: Final Report, which was essentially a call-to-arms outlining the necessity of teaching our young people to be information savvy in an information-rich society. This chapter, written from the perspective of two librarians, will argue that a quicker pedagogical revision is needed for teaching undergraduates the concepts of credibility of information created in an era of computer mediated communication. Reviewing some of the major developments that have altered the understanding of credible information, this chapter encourages educators to adopt new approaches to teaching students about the credibility of CMC-generated sources.
Computer Mediated Negotiations and Deception
Authors: Giordano Gabriel A. , Stoner Jason , Brouer Robyn L. , George Joey F.
Published: May 2011

With the increasing use of technology in the workplace, more organizational communication is electronic and more group tasks are conducted in computer mediated settings than ever before. This includes negotiations, which are an important part of most organizations. Researchers are beginning to realize that the increased use of computer mediated communication in negotiations can change an individuals’ behavior, including their negotiation style and ability to detect deception. However, there is limited research in this area, so many originations are likely not aware of the problems associated with deception in computer mediated negotiations. This chapter reviews past research, a current study, and future research directions related to computer mediated negotiations and deception.
Towards a Communication-Based Approach to Cyber-Bullying
Authors: Ramirez, Jr. Artemio , Eastin Matthew S. , Chakroff Jennifer , Cicchirillo Vincent
Published: May 2011

Cyber-bullying, or the repeated (mis)use of technology to harass, intimidate, or terrorize another person (Franek, 2004), is a growing problem among adolescents and teenagers in schools. Although cyberbullying inherently implicates important aspects of the communication process, scholars interested in computer-mediated communication have been slow to investigate this phenomenon. This chapter presents an initial effort to document this phenomenon from a communication-based perspective and offers a theoretical foundation for its examination. In so doing, the present chapter provides a review of how the concept of bullying has been traditionally been understood, contextualizes bullying within a mediated context, discusses existing research on cyber-bullies and victims, and applies existing theoretical approaches to understand the motivation behind and effects of cyber-bullying.
Communicating Electronically When Too Far Away to Visit
Authors: Cemalcilar Zeynep
Published: May 2011

Interpersonal communication is the number one use of home computers (the Pew Internet & American Life Project, 2001). Despite the growing literature, there is still debate about the social and psychological effects of CMC use, especially regarding its impact on interpersonal relationships. In this chapter, I discuss the use of CMCs for maintenance of long-distance interpersonal relationships and for exchange of social support when individuals have limited availability for personal face-to-face contact. A summary of recent research examining the prevalence of CMC use by people on the go or in transitions is presented, followed by a discussion of the effects of this communication medium on their daily functioning. Then, specific features of online communications that make them favorable over other mediums for interpersonal contact with both nearby and distant social network members are discussed.
Digital Storytelling from Artificial Intelligence to YouTube
Authors: Woletz Julie D.
Published: May 2011

In this chapter, the concept of digital storytelling will be introduced by sketching its historical and intellectual origins from artificial intelligence to current trends. Illustrated by examples and case studies, two main approaches will be presented: a “top down” approach on stories within the context of hightech laboratories and technology, and a “bottom up” approach deriving from private publishing on the Internet such as YouTube’s video stories or the workshop-based digital filmmaking practice hosted by the BBC (UK). The analysis will focus on innovative configurations of media and on the specific implications of video stories on computer mediated communication. Here, the main emphasis will be put on presentation strategies and possible modes of user participation and interaction, with the purpose of clarifying and contributing to future modes of computer mediated storytelling.
Locating Presence and Positions in Online Focus Group Text with Stance-Shift Analysis
Authors: Davis Boyd , Mason Peyton
Published: May 2011

Social cues in online focus groups surface in the ways group members manipulate language, to signal their attitudinal shifts in position toward the group’s topics and what both moderators and members may have said. Their primary mode is task-based: their “job” is to respond to topics introduced by the focus group moderator; they also engage in “sidebar chat” among themselves. Using stance-shift analysis on a million-word corpus of online text genres, we identify 10 characteristics of online focus group chat, which may help researchers and retailers to identify when and how group participants might be strongly committed to what they have just written.
Linguistic Forms and Functions of SMS Text Messages in Nigeria
Authors: Taiwo Rotimi
Published: May 2011

The chapter examines the linguistic forms and functions of SMS text messages in Nigeria. With an estimated 25 million mobile phone users in Nigeria, the use of SMS is fast growing in Nigeria, just like in other parts of the world and this is leading to the gradual abandoning of the traditional oral culture, especially among the educated. In addition to the usual nonconventional orthographic forms and spelling typical of SMS, the study observes Nigerian users’ tenor consciousness, linguistic creativity, text multilingualism, the use of predominantly local languages, the emergence of NEB-SMS, and how the socio-economic and religious atmosphere of the country constrain SMSs. A greater demand is placed on ESL teachers to emphasize how style, context, purpose and audience determine linguistic choice. It is observed that the use of The chapter examines the linguistic forms and functions of SMS text messages in Nigeria. With an estimated 25 million mobile phone users in Nigeria, the use of SMS is fast growing in Nigeria, just like in other parts of the world and this is leading to the gradual abandoning of the traditional oral culture, especially among the educated ones. In addition to the usual nonconventional orthographic forms and spelling typical of SMS, the study observes Nigerian users’ tenor consciousness, linguistic creativity, text multilingualism, the use of predominantly local languages, the emergence of NEB-SMS, and how the socio-economic and religious atmosphere of the country constrain SMSs. A greater demand is placed on ESL teachers to emphasize how style, context, purpose and audience determine linguistic choice. Also it is observed that the use of indigenous languages will lead to their development and seek relevance for them in the digital technology era.
Instructional Design in Corporate Settings
Authors: Lai Feng-Qi , Lohmeyer Lynn
Published: May 2011

This paper discusses instructional design in corporate settings through describing and analyzing six real-world cases of instructional designers’ roles and responsibilities and summarizing key elements of those cases. The intent is to provide graduate students in Instructional/Educational Technology with a better idea of the roles they may take and the skills they will need when they start their careers as an instructional designers in corporate settings.
Innovative Learning Approaches with Technology
Authors: Wilson Ann
Published: May 2011

This chapter examines the every-changing opportunities teachers have to incorporate innovative learning approaches with technology. Technology is revolutionizing instructional delivery all along the educational continuum, pre-K through life-long learning. Students are technology savvy from their experiences with cell phones, video games, DVD players, MP3 music devices, and computers with constant Internet connectivity. Solution partners, distance education delivery, new and innovative equipment for e-learning, wireless connectivity, innovative information storage, technology-driven classroom interaction, specialized software tools, and websites for enhancing education have enabled teachers to expand their repertoire to provide more hands-on activities actively engaging students in the learning process. Continuing educational technology issues and concerns indicate that in spite of controversy and differing opinions, the technology revolution in classrooms will continue unabated.
Beliefs and Concept Mapping on WebQuest Development
Authors: Yang Harrison Hao , Pun Sai-Wing
Published: May 2011

This chapter presents an overview on the conceptualization of the inquiry-based learning approach, and how the WebQuest, which is a Web-based inquiry-oriented activity, has been designed and developed. It intends to offer a glimpse into student teachers who study in courses of information technology in education at one university in China and one university in the United State with the objectives of: 1) investigating student teachers’ beliefs and opinions related to the WebQuests; and 2) examining the effectiveness of utilizing the concept map to aid student teachers’ WebQuests design and development.
Using Teams and Technology for Effective Instruction
Authors: Woodland Dawn E. , Szul Linda F.
Published: May 2011

One method for positively incorporating technologies is the practice of team teaching. In this chapter the authors cover why it is important for team members to self identify partners, including teachers from other disciplines, as well as to pinpoint the model which works best. The need to pre-plan instruction, evaluation, the role each member will play, and the use of the technology is also discussed. Teaching in an inclusive setting requires providing for assimilation, selecting appropriate technologies, and expanding the team to include parents and support personnel. Online team teaching is generally agreed to be the most difficult instructional model. Its success requires the same elements; however, the added component of technology necessitates that teachers be comfortable with technology and able to transmit that attitude. The benefits of team teaching for students include meaningful learning and the ability to achieve personalized goals. Ford once stated, “Coming together is a beginning, staying together is progress and working together is success” (as cited in Cromwell, 2005, p. 4).
Technology in Primary and Secondary Medical Education
Authors: Edmonson Sarah R.
Published: May 2011

There is an increasing need for cost control and improved outcomes in both primary and secondary medical education. This chapter reviews the characteristics of medical learners, and summarizes shortcomings of traditional medical training that may be amenable to technological intervention. Technologies useful for educating medical students and practicing physicians will be described, along with examples pertaining to each technology. The chapter concludes with a summary of potential barriers to the adoption of medical education technology.
Misuse of Online Databases for Literature Searches
Authors: Bartsch Robert A.
Published: May 2011

Online library databases are the primary method for finding relevant literature in many fields. These databases either have primarily abstracts or have the entire article online (i.e., full-text). This chapter describes how students use and misuse abstract and full-text databases when conducting literature searches. Findings from two studies indicate (1) students overestimate the usefulness of full-text databases, (2) students do not know which type of database is the best tool for a particular situation, and (3) students favor technology that is easier for them to use. By understanding the implications of these findings, it is hoped instructors can create lectures and assignments that increase students’ information literacy levels. Additionally, this chapter provides an example of how people, in general, will use new technology that is easier but is not necessarily more useful.
U-Learning
Authors: Casey Des
Published: May 2011

Increasingly powerful, handheld, networked devices provide an opportunity for educators to explore and implement ubiquitous learning (u-learning) environments through the extension of e-learning environments to include applications and services delivered to mobile devices. U-learning environments should be developed with both an understanding of human learning in general, and the learning of formally structured knowledge through de-structured u-learning environments. This study proposes a learning model for u-learning environments and a system architecture based on this model. The study outlines the features of the Walkabout u-Learning Environment, which has been implemented and trialled in accordance with the proposed model and architecture.
Computer Games as a New Arena for IST Research
Authors: Marquis Justin
Published: May 2011

Since the introduction of popular video games such as Space Invaders and Pac Man, in the 1980’s the video game industry has grown to immense proportions. However, unlike film or television in their early years, there has been very little research into the instructional applications of computer games. What is most surprising about the lack of research into the instructional use of computer games, particularly by instructional systems technology (IST) professionals, is the fact that this is traditionally a field that has always embraced cutting edge technology and pursued a wide range of research interests. It is proposed here that the IST field to give serious consideration to the educational use of computer games and establish a research agenda to provide support to those practitioners in the field attempting to utilize this new technology.
The LOLA Strategy and E-Learning Knowledge Management
Authors: Torres Patricia Lupion , de Cassia Veiga Marriott Rita
Published: May 2011

Economic globalisation and technological changes have led to one of the greatest challenges that education faces – the access to permanent education for all segments of society. In this scenario, there is a need for innovative e-learning methodologies that involve students in the construction of knowledge and make use of the technologies now available. In this chapter, we introduce knowledge management in the context of the Online Learning Lab (LOLA), a methodological proposal for collaborative learning. LOLA represents an advance on most e-learning programs as its methodological approach surpasses traditional proposals for knowledge reproduction and stimulates students to become more active, autonomous, responsible and investigative. The activities in LOLA, described below, give rise to ideas, paradoxes, discussions and the formulation of concepts, all leading to the production of new knowledge while involving students in individual and collaborative work.