bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental and numerical thermo-mechanical analysis of friction stir welding of high-strength alluminium alloy
Authors: Veljic Darko , Sedmak Aleksandar , Rakin Marko , Bajic Nikola , Medjo Bojan , Bajic Darko , Grabulov Vencislav
Published: December 2013

This paper presents experimental and numerical analysis of the change of
temperature and force in the vertical direction during the friction stir
welding of high-strength aluminium alloy 2024 T3. This procedure confirmed
the correctness of the numerical model, which is subsequently used for
analysis of the temperature field in the welding zone, where it is different
to determine the temperature experimentally. 3D finite element model is
developed using the software package Abaqus; arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian
formulation is applied. Johnson-Cook material law and Coulomb?s Law of
friction are used for modelling the material behaviour. Temperature fields
are symmetrical with respect to the welding line. The temperature values
below the tool shoulder, i.e. in the welding zone, which are reached during
the plunge stage, are approximately constant during the entire welding
process and lie within the interval 430-502?C. The temperature of the
material in the vicinity of the tool is about 500?C, while the values on the
top surface of the welding plates (outside the welding zone, but close to the
tool shoulder) are about 400?C. The temperature difference between the top
and bottom surface of the plates is small, 10-15?C.
The performance of pip-cascade controler in HVAC system
Authors: Legweel Khaled , Lazic Dragan , Ristanovic Milan , Lozanovic-Sajic Jasmina
Published: December 2013

Primitive controllers used in the early version for HVAC systems, like the
on-off (Bang-Bang) controller, are inefficient, inaccurate, unstable, and
suffer from high-level mechanical wear. On the other hand, other controllers
like PI and cascade controllers, overcome these disadvantages but when an
offset response (inaccurate response) occurs, power consumption will
increase. In order to acquire better performance in the central
air-conditioning system, PIP-cascade control is investigated in this paper
and compared to the traditional PI and PID, in simulation of experimental
data. The output of the system is predicted through disturbances. Based on
the mathematical model of air-conditioning space, the simulations in this
paper have found that the PIP-cascade controller has the capability of
self-adapting to system changes and results in faster response and better
performance.
Numerical analysis of thermal stresses in welded joint smade of steels X20 and X22
Authors: Mladenovic Sasa , Sijacki-Zeravcic Vera , Bakic Gordana , Lozanovic-Sajic Jasmina , Rakin Marko , Djurdjevic Andrijana , Djukic Milos
Published: December 2013

Stress calculation of steam pipeline is presented, focused on the welded
joint. Numerical calculation was performed using the finite element method
to obtain stress distribution in the welded joint made while replacing the
valve chamber. Dissimilar materials were used, namely steel 10CrMoV9-10
according to EN 10216-2 for the valve chamber, the rest of steam pipeline
was steel X20, whereas the transition piece material was steel X22. Residual
stresses were calculated, in addition to design stresses, indicating
critical regions and necessity for post-weld heat treatment.
Choice of the control variables of an isolated intersection by graph colouring
Authors: Batanovic Vladan , Guberinic Slobodan , Petrovic Radivoj
Published: December 2013

This paper deals with the problem of grouping the traffic streams into some
groups - signal groups on a signalized intersection. The fact that more
traffic streams, which are not in a conflict, can be controlled by one
sequence of traffic lights means that one control variable can be assigned to
one signal group. Determination of the complete sets of signal groups, i.e.
the groups of traffic streams on one intersection, controlled by one control
variable is defined in this paper as a graphcoloring problem. The complete
sets of signal groups are obtained by coloring the complement of the graph of
identical indications. It is shown that the minimal number of signal groups
in the complete set of signal groups is equal to the chromatic number of the
complement of the graph with identical indications. The problem of finding
all complete sets of signal groups with minimal cardinality, which is equal
to the chromatic number, is formulated as a linear programming problem where
the values of variables belong to set {0,1}.
Evaluation of thermal antinociceptive effects and pharmacokinetics after intramuscular administration of butorphanol tartrate to American kestrels (Falco sparverius)
Authors: Guzman David Sanchez-Migallon , Drazenovich Tracy L. , KuKanich Butch , Olsen Glenn H. , Willits Neil H. , Paul-Murphy Joanne R.
Published: December 2013

Objective—To evaluate antinociceptive effects and pharmacokinetics of butorphanol tartrate after IM administration to American kestrels (Falco sparverius).

Animals—Fifteen 2- to 3-year-old American kestrels (6 males and 9 females).

Procedures—Butorphanol (1, 3, and 6 mg/kg) and saline (0.9% NaCl) solution were administered IM to birds in a crossover experimental design. Agitation-sedation scores and foot withdrawal response to a thermal stimulus were determined 30 to 60 minutes before (baseline) and 0.5, 1.5, 3, and 6 hours after treatment. For the pharmacokinetic analysis, butorphanol (6 mg/kg, IM) was administered in the pectoral muscles of each of 12 birds.

Results—In male kestrels, butorphanol did not significantly increase thermal thresholds for foot withdrawal, compared with results for saline solution administration. However, at 1.5 hours after administration of 6 mg of butorphanol/kg, the thermal threshold was significantly decreased, compared with the baseline value. Foot withdrawal threshold for female kestrels after butorphanol administration did not differ significantly from that after saline solution administration. However, compared with the baseline value, withdrawal threshold was significantly increased for 1 mg/kg at 0.5 and 6 hours, 3 mg/kg at 6 hours, and 6 mg/kg at 3 hours. There were no significant differences in mean sedation-agitation scores, except for males at 1.5 hours after administration of 6 mg/kg.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Butorphanol did not cause thermal antinociception suggestive of analgesia in American kestrels. Sex-dependent responses were identified. Further studies are needed to evaluate the analgesic effects of butorphanol in raptors.
Effect of anesthetizing individual compartments of the stifle joint in horses with experimentally induced stifle joint lameness
Authors: Tóth Ferenc , Schumacher Jim , Schramme Michael C. , Hecht Silke
Published: December 2013

Objective—To evaluate the effects of sequential anesthesia of the individual compartments of the equine stifle joint on lameness induced by intra-articular deposition of interleukin (IL)-1β.

Animals—6 horses.

Procedures—For each horse, baseline hind limb lameness was first evaluated. A randomly selected compartment of 1 stifle joint was then injected with IL-1β to induce synovitis and lameness; subsequently, the same compartment was anesthetized with 2% mepivacaine hydrochloride, and lameness was reevaluated. Two weeks later, baseline lameness was evaluated, and lameness was similarly induced; thereafter, the 2 synovial compartments of the stifle joint not injected with IL-1β were anesthetized sequentially in random order (ie, first and second blocks); lameness was evaluated after each block. Finally, the IL-1β–treated compartment was anesthetized (third block); lameness was again evaluated. This second experiment was repeated for the contralateral stifle joint 2 weeks later. Throughout the study, lameness was quantified objectively by assessing vertical pelvic movement asymmetry with a wireless, inertial sensor-based system.

Results—Intra-articular deposition of IL-1β induced lameness in all injected limbs. In the first experiment, anesthesia of the compartment injected with IL-1β resulted in a significant decrease in lameness, with vertical pelvic movement asymmetry approaching baseline. In the second experiment, lameness improved significantly after the second and third blocks and was almost completely abolished after all 3 synovial compartments were anesthetized.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In horses, lameness caused by a lesion in 1 compartment of a stifle joint can be improved more by instillation of local anesthetic solution into that compartment than by anesthesia of the other compartments.
Comparison between palpation and ultrasonography for evaluation of experimentally induced effusion in the distal interphalangeal joint of horses
Authors: Olive Julien , Lambert Nathalie , Bubeck Kirstin A. , Beauchamp Guy , Laverty Sheila
Published: December 2013

Objective—To ultrasonographically quantify experimentally induced effusion of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint of horses and compare results with those obtained with palpation.

Sample—8 forelimbs from equine cadavers and forelimbs of 5 mares.

Procedures—Preliminary ex vivo experiments were performed to validate the methods. Then, the DIP joints of the forelimbs of standing horses were serially distended with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (1, 4, and 10 mL) by injection through an intra-articular catheter. Two ultrasonographers measured distension of the dorsal recess of the DIP joint, and 2 surgeons, who were not aware of the volume injected, graded joint effusion by palpation.

Results—Intraobserver and interobserver repeatability was excellent for ultrasonographic measurements. Interobserver agreement for use of palpation to detect joint distension was moderate (κ = 0.45). There was an overall increase in the palpation distension grade with an increase in injected volume. Sensitivity for detection with palpation of larger volumes (4 and 10 mL) was high (92% and 100%, respectively). However, sensitivity was lower (57%) for detection with palpation of minimal distension (1 mL).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although palpation provided a reliable clinical assessment of DIP joint effusion for volumes of 4 to 10 mL, ultrasonographic measurements were easy to obtain, more accurate, and able to detect smaller amounts of distension. This may be clinically relevant for the assessment of effusion of the DIP joint that can arise in horses with early osteoarthritis or infectious arthritis with concomitant soft tissue swelling that precludes accurate assessment with palpation.
Validation of stress magnetic resonance imaging of the canine stifle joint with and without an intact cranial cruciate ligament
Authors: Tremolada Giovanni , Winter Matthew D. , Kim Stanley E. , Spreng David , Pozzi Antonio
Published: December 2013

Objective—To validate use of stress MRI for evaluation of stifle joints of dogs with an intact or deficient cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL).

Sample—10 cadaveric stifle joints from 10 dogs.

Procedures—A custom-made limb-holding device and a pulley system linked to a paw plate were used to apply axial compression across the stifle joint and induce cranial tibial translation with the joint in various degrees of flexion. By use of sagittal proton density–weighted MRI, CrCL-intact and deficient stifle joints were evaluated under conditions of loading stress simulating the tibial compression test or the cranial drawer test. Medial and lateral femorotibial subluxation following CrCL transection measured under a simulated tibial compression test and a cranial drawer test were compared.

Results—By use of tibial compression test MRI, the mean ± SD cranial tibial translations in the medial and lateral compartments were 9.6 ± 3.7 mm and 10 ± 4.1 mm, respectively. By use of cranial drawer test MRI, the mean ± SD cranial tibial translations in the medial and lateral compartments were 8.3 ± 3.3 mm and 9.5 ± 3.5 mm, respectively. No significant difference in femorotibial subluxation was found between stress MRI techniques. Femorotibial subluxation elicited by use of the cranial drawer test was greater in the lateral than in the medial compartment.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Both stress techniques induced stifle joint subluxation following CrCL transection that was measurable by use of MRI, suggesting that both methods may be further evaluated for clinical use.
Evaluation of tissue oxygen saturation with near-infrared spectroscopy during experimental acute hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in dogs
Authors: Pavlisko Noah D. , Henao-Guerrero Natalia , Killos Maria B. , Ricco Carolina , Shih Andre C. , Bandt Carsten , Werre Stephen R.
Published: December 2013

Objective—To evaluate tissue oxygen saturation (Sto2) by use of near-infrared spectroscopy in experimental acute hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in dogs.

Animals—14 healthy adult purpose-bred Beagles.

Procedures—Dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane via facemask, anesthesia was maintained with propofol and rocuronium bromide, and dogs were mechanically ventilated to maintain normocapnia. Dogs were studied under normovolemia (baseline), hypovolemia with target mean arterial blood pressure < 40 mm Hg achieved and maintained steady for 10 minutes (hypovolemia T1), then 20 minutes later (hypovolemia T2), following resuscitation with shed blood (after transfusion), and after administration of 20 mL of hetastarch/kg (hypervolemia). Conditions were executed sequentially during a single anesthetic episode, allowing stabilization between states (10 minutes). Hemoglobin concentration, mean arterial blood pressure, arterial blood gas concentrations, cardiac index, oxygen delivery indexed to body surface area, and Sto2 were monitored.

Results—From baseline to hypovolemia T1, there was a significant reduction in mean ± SD oxygen delivery index (619 ± 257 mL/min/m2 to 205 ± 76 mL/min/m2) and StO2 (94 ± 4.4% to 78 ± 12.2%). Following resuscitation, Sto2 (80 ± 8.5% vs 92 ± 6.45%) and oxygen delivery index (211 ± 73 mL/min/m2 vs 717 ± 221 mL/min/m2) significantly increased, returning to baseline values. Hypervolemia had no effect on Sto2 or oxygen delivery index. A strong correlation (r = 0.97) was detected between mean oxygen delivery index and Sto2 across all time points.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Under the conditions of this study, there was a strong correlation between Sto2 and oxygen delivery, suggesting that Sto2 may be used to estimate oxygen delivery.
Analysis of the atrial repolarization wave in dogs with third-degree atrioventricular block
Authors: Perego Manuela , Skert Stefano , Santilli Roberto A.
Published: December 2013

Objective—To characterize the electrocardiographic features of the atrial repolarization (Ta) wave in dogs with third-degree atrioventricular (AV) block.

Sample—ECGs of 36 dogs with third-degree AV block and no identifiable structural heart diseases.

Procedures—Standard 12-lead ECGs were acquired with a digital system, and measurements were manually edited.

Results—A Ta wave was detectable in all dogs for at least 1 ECG lead. The Ta wave had negative polarity in leads I, II, III, and aVF and positive polarity in leads aVL and aVR, with a mean electrical axis of −114.26°. Mean duration and mean amplitude of the Ta wave in lead II were 140.2 milliseconds and −0.09 mV, respectively, with the ratio for the Ta-to-P wave duration of 2.3 and the ratio of Ta-to-P wave amplitude of −0.35. Significant correlations were found between the Ta wave duration and duration of the P-Ta interval, Ta wave amplitude and the ECG lead, Ta wave duration and body weight, and duration of the P-Ta interval and atrial rate. Measurements of the Ta wave were repeatable.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Measurements of the Ta wave in dogs with third-degree AV block were repeatable. The values for the Ta wave reported here can be used as reference values for dogs with AV conduction disturbances and an echocardiographically normal atrial size. Further studies are needed to validate these results in dogs with structural heart diseases.
Feasibility and reproducibility of echocardiographic assessment of regional left atrial deformation and synchrony by tissue Doppler ultrasonographic imaging in healthy dogs
Authors: BaronToaldo Marco , Guglielmini Carlo , Diana Alessia , Sarcinella Fabio , Cipone Mario
Published: December 2013

Objective—To assess the feasibility and reproducibility of longitudinal tissue Doppler ultrasonographic imaging with regard to determination of velocity, strain, and strain rate (SR) of the left atrium (LA) and use those data to characterize LA synchrony (LAS) for a group of healthy dogs.

Animals—15 healthy dogs.

Procedures—For each dog, apical 4- and 2-chamber echocardiographic views were obtained. Peak velocity, strain, and SR and time to peak value during systole, early diastole, and late diastole were measured for each of the 4 LA walls. To characterize LAS, mean and SD maximal late diastolic time difference (LAD) among the 4 walls were calculated on the basis of time to peak for velocity, strain, and SR; for each, the 95% confidence interval (mean ± 2SD) was calculated. Within-day and between-day intraobserver variability was calculated.

Results—For all dogs, tissue velocity and SR had peak positive values during systole and 2 negative peaks during early and late diastole. Atrial strain had a peak positive value during systole, positive values during early diastole, and a negative peak value during late diastole. Reproducibility was acceptable for most variables. Diastolic strain and SR had the highest variability, but times to peak values were always reproducible. For velocity, strain, and SR, the 95% confidence interval for the maximal LAD was < 50 milliseconds and that for the SD of the LAD was < 23 milliseconds.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Longitudinal tissue Doppler imaging of LA deformation was feasible in healthy dogs, and its application may be useful for understanding atrial pathophysiologic changes associated with various cardiac diseases in dogs.
Abdominal anatomic features and reference values determined by use of ultrasonography in healthy common rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Banzato Tommaso , Bellini Luca , Contiero Barbara , Martin Andrea , Balikçi Sema , Zotti Alessandro
Published: December 2013

Objective—To determine ultrasonographic features and reference values of the anatomy of the abdomen of common rats (Rattus norvegicus).

Animals—20 adult male and 20 adult female rats.

Procedures—A complete abdominal ultrasonographic examination was performed with the rats sedated. The cadavers of 4 rats were used for anatomic comparisons. Two cadavers were dissected and 2 cadavers were frozen and then cross-sectioned by use of an electric bandsaw. Slices were cleaned with water and photographed on each side. Correlations between variables were determined.

Results—The ultrasonographic anatomy of the abdomen was determined, including measurements of the kidneys and adrenal glands and thickness of the walls of the stomach (saccus caecus, fundus, and pylorus), duodenum, and cecum. A significant positive correlation between kidney size and body weight was detected. The dorsoventral measurements of the left and right adrenal gland were significantly different, regardless of sex. Dorsoventral measurements of the right adrenal gland were significantly different between males and females.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The ultrasonographic images and data provided an atlas of the ultrasonographic anatomy of common rats that may be useful to veterinary radiologists, clinicians, and researchers.
Prevalence of circumcaval ureters and double caudal vena cava in cats
Authors: Bélanger Régine , Shmon Cindy L. , Gilbert Peter J. , Linn Kathleen A.
Published: December 2013

Objective—To determine the prevalence of circumcaval ureters and other caudal vena cava variations in cats and determine whether circumcaval ureters were associated with macroscopic evidence of ureteral obstruction.

Sample—301 domestic cat cadavers obtained from an animal shelter.

Procedures—All cat cadavers were examined, and anatomic variations of the ureters and caudal vena cava were recorded. In cadavers with a circumcaval ureter, kidney length, width, and height were measured, and the ureters were examined macroscopically to determine whether there was gross evidence of ureteral obstruction in cats with circumcaval ureters.

Results—At least 1 circumcaval ureter was present in 106 of the 301 (35.2%) cats, with a right circumcaval ureter identified in 92 (30.6%) cats, a left circumcaval ureter identified in 4 (1.3%), and bilateral circumcaval ureters identified in 10 (3.3%). Twenty-one (7.0%) cats had a double caudal vena cava, including 2 cats in which the double caudal vena cava was the only anatomic abnormality identified. No sex predilection for anatomic abnormalities was found. Mean right kidney length was significantly greater than mean left kidney length in cats with a right circumcaval ureter.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Circumcaval ureter was present in approximately a third of cats in this study. Variation in the development of the caudal vena cava is the proposed cause. The clinical relevance of this variation is unknown.
Changing higher education and welfare states in postcommunist Central Europe: New contexts leading to new typologies?
Authors: Kwiek Marek
Published: December 2013

The paper links higher education reforms and welfare states reforms in postcommunist Central European countries. It links current higher education debates (and reform pressures) and public sector debates (and reform pressures), stressing the importance of communist-era legacies in both areas. It refers to existing typologies of both higher education governance and welfare state regimes and concludes that the lack of the inclusion of Central Europe in any of them is a serious theoretical drawback in comparative social research. The region should still, after more than two decades of transition and heavy international policy advising, be viewed as a “laboratory of social experimentation”. It is still too risky to suggest generalizations about how Central European higher education and welfare systems fit existing typologies. Consequently, the “transition” period is by no means over: it is over in terms of politics and economics but not in terms of social arrangements. Both higher education and welfare states should be viewed as “work in progress”: permanently under reform pressures, and with unclear future.
Unable to resist: Researchers’ responses to research assessment in the Czech Republic
Authors: Linkova Marcela
Published: December 2013

Instituted in 2004, the Czech Republic research assessment has since changed on an annual basis. In this paper I examine how researchers in the Czech Republic negotiate research assessment. Using the concept of epistemic living spaces (Felt & Fochler, 2010; Felt, 2009), I first set in context the Czech research assessment system and second explore the micro-politics of resistance in which researchers engage in their daily conduct. Empirically, I draw on individual and group interviews carried out with Czech researchers in the humanities, social sciences and natural sciences, analyses of science policy documents including the Methodology for Evaluating Research, Development and Innovation Results, as well as public debates relating to research assessment, such as blogs and newspaper articles. The interviews were carried out between 2007 and 2010. Additional sources of data include participant observation at public events and seminars on the research and development system reform, research assessment and audit of the Czech system of research, development and innovation gathered between 2009 and 2011.
Academic mobility in the context of linked lives
Authors: Vohlídalová Marta
Published: December 2013

Academic mobility is usually perceived and discussed as a positive phenomenon — as a prerequisite for building a competitive and successful economy and quality science. Academic mobility has now become essential to building a successful academic career in many research domains. On the policy level the negative impact of academic mobility on researchers’ lives and especially women’s is usually overlooked and marginalized. In my paper I focus on academic mobility in the context of academics’ relationships and family lives. I ask two research questions: What is the impact of mobility on researchers’ relationships? How does mobility affect the lives of the partners of mobile researchers? The analysis is based on i) 16 in-depth interviews with academics from various fields of research about their experiences of long-term fellowships abroad in the early stages of their academic path and on ii) 16 in-depth joint interviews with Czech dualcareer academic couples. The analysis shows that academic mobility has a great and significant impact on the family and partnership lives of migrating researchers. For many, especially the partners of migrating researchers, mobility means they have to make many concessions in their private and family lives. I conclude that the impact of academic mobility on people’s partnership lives is highly gendered because couples’ work and family lives are closely intertwined.
Democratic theories and the problem of political participation in Nigeria: Strengthening consensus and the rule of law
Authors: Ujomu Philip , Olatunji Felix
Published: December 2013

This paper addresses the problem of the strategies and theories of democratic participation in Nigeria that breed institutional marginality and bad governance due to shortfalls in pursuing the values of justice and empowerment as core democratic characteristics. The same democratic principles such as voting, parliament, constitution, judiciary, that are suggestive of gains such as responsible use, and peaceful transfer of power may not have translated fully into sociopolitical empowerment for responsibility and representation in evolving democratic practice in Nigeria due to problems of agency and political ideology. Democratic theorizing and participation in Nigeria has defied orthodox presuppositions seen in the disrespect for basic rights and the disregard for the rule of law in democracy that allow for fair play within and among the elites and political grassroots. Thus this study investigates the Nigerian predicament as a model or case study, raising questions about the reasons for the systematic disempowerment of groups.
INDIVIDUAL BEE’S EXPERIENCE ON ITS BEE CURTAIN DURING THREE DIMENSIONAL DEFLECTIONS BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER SHIMMERING WAVE
Authors: Waddoup Dominique , Singh Madhusudan Man
Published: December 2013

Giant honeybees (Apis dorsata F.) build open nests far off the ground. As a consequence of their open nesting behaviour giant honeybees seem to be an easy target for predators, such as wasps or birds. However, they have evolved several strategies for defence. Shimmering waves are a defence behaviour, which keep predators far off, by showing visual cues. In the occurrence of shimmering, thousands of colony members, predominantly curtain bees, flip their abdomens in a fraction of a second up to 90 degrees in a rhythmic wave. This effect is comparable to human Mexican waves in the football stadiums. This study gives new insights about how individual bees experience during three dimensional deflections on its bee curtain, before during and after a shimmering wave and how they might decide to participate.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v18i0.9393Ecoprint An International Journal of EcologyVol. 18, 2011 Page: 8-15 Uploaded date: 12/20/2013
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BRICK KILN DUST AMENDED SOILS AND THEIR EFFECT ON SOLANUM TUBEROSUM
Authors: Tomar Deepali , Khan Abrar A.
Published: December 2013

The study was conducted to analyze the physico-chemical properties of various levels of brick kiln dust in soil application (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 and 50%), before planting and after harvesting of potato (Solanum tuberosum) crop and to observe their impact on various parameters of potato plant. The pH, EC, CEC, WHC, pore space, sulphate, chloride, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, manganese and boron increased at all the levels of brick kiln dust, while, nitrogen and potassium decreased at all the levels before planting of potato crop. After harvesting of potato crop all physico-chemical properties were still greater than control but less than pre-planting of potato, except P and Mg which decreased gradually upto 30%; and K as well as Mn upto 40%, and then they increased in subsequent levels. While N was recorded only in control and at 50% treatment. Application of brick kiln dust in soil from 5% to 40% was found beneficial for plant growth, yield, biomass, photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrate contents, and phosphorus and potassium concentrations of plants and the highest increase in above parameters was recorded at 25% level. At 50% level, there was marked reduction in all these parameters. However, nitrogen concentration of plants and protein content in tubers decreased gradually as levels of kiln dust were increased.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v18i0.9394Ecoprint: An International Journal of EcologyVol. 18, 2011 Page: Uploaded date: 12/20/2013
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF CLARIAS BATRACHUS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF AERATION AND WATER FLOW
Authors: Rahman Sk. Mustafizur , Habib Md. Ahasan , Hossain Quazi Zahangir , Siddiqui Md. Noman , Rahman Md. Mostafizur , Ahsan Md. Nazmul
Published: December 2013

Specific investigation on the time (h) required for catfish, Clarias batrachus, embryos to reach various early developmental stages were carried out under different experimental conditions. Five hundred fertilized eggs were incubated in tray (28ºC–30.5ºC) with continuous water flow and aeration (T1), with only continuous water flow (T2) or aeration (T3) and without continuous water flow and aeration (T4). Fertilized embryos hatched successfully in all treatments except for T4. Time requirements for 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, morula, germinal ring, yolk-plug, twisting movement, prehatching and hatching were comparable for all treatments. However, developmental speed was ceased from yolk-plug stage for T4. Time requirements for two-cell, four-cell, eight-cell, morula, germinal ring, yolk-plug, twisting movement, and hatching were 0.43, 0.48, 0.53, 3.52, 6.07, 8.50, 15.04, 20.08, and 21.40 h, respectively for T1; 0.44, 0.47, 0.51, 3.49, 6.10, 8.51, 15.13, 20.19, and 21.56 h, respectively for T2; 0.50, 0.53, 0.59, 3.52, 6.13, 8.53, 15.11, 20.18, and 22.13 h, respectively for T3. Fertilized eggs of C. batrachus incubated in tray with only aeration (T3) is sufficient for successful hatching and could be cost-effective for hatchery operation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v18i0.9395Ecoprint: An International Journal of EcologyVol. 18, 2011 Page: Uploaded date: 12/20/2013
ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIALS OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI INHABITING RHODODENDRON ANTHOPOGON D. DON
Authors: Baral Bikash , Rana Prabina , Maharjan Bijaya Laxmi
Published: December 2013

Fungal endophytes have been studied from Rhododendron anthopogon D. Don Manaslu Conservation Area in Nepal. The endophytes were isolated from different parts of Rhododendron viz., root, stem and leaf using potato dextrose agar, malt extract agar and water agar. Altogether eighteen fungal endophytes belonging to nine genera were isolated. The endophytic species isolates belong to the genera Stemphylium, Alternaria, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Papulaspora, Hansfordia, Wardomyces and Geotrichum. Out of 18 fungal isolates, 8 isolates could display antimicrobial activity inhibiting at least one of the test pathogens. Among the potent strains, 4 displayed both antibacterial and antifungal activities. Endophytic fungal isolates ERAA3, ERAA6 and ERAA8 displayed antimicrobial activity against all the tested bacterial (10) and fungal (5) pathogens. The endophytic strains were very effective against the bacterial pathogens and moderately active against the fungal pathogens. The study reinforced the assumption that endophytes of the high altitude medicinal plants could be a promising source of antimicrobial substances.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v18i0.9397Ecoprint: An International Journal of EcologyVol. 18, 2011 Page: 39-44 Uploaded date: 12/20/2013
NOTES ON THE STATUS OF MAMMALIAN FAUNA OF THE LAWACHARA NATIONAL PARK, BANGLADESH
Authors: Aziz Md. Abdul
Published: December 2013

This paper presents a checklist of mammalian species of the Lawachara National Park, Bangladesh with notes on their status and conservation threats. A total of 39 species belonging to seven orders and 21 families were recorded. Of these, Carnivora (38%), Rodentia (24%), Primates (15%), Chiroptera (13%) and Artiodactyla (5%) were major. Thirty six per cent of the recorded mammals were common followed by uncommon (26%), rare (23%) and very common (15%). Nationally, 51% of the recorded species face different categories of threats followed by not threatened (28%) and data deficient (21%). In terms of global status, 23% of the species are threatened and 73% species are under lower risk category. Primates, herbivores and carnivores face severe threats primarily stemming from habitat loss and fragmentation, wildlife poaching and human disturbance. Arresting illegal tree felling and over-exploitation of forest resources, restoration of degraded habitats and regulative tourism activities should urgently be addressed for long-term conservation of mammalian species in the park.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v18i0.9398Ecoprint: An International Journal of EcologyVol. 18, 2011 Page: 45-53 Uploaded date: 12/20/2013
BIOMASS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF WEEDS IN A FALLOW PERIOD AT GUJAR TAL MARGIN, INDIA
Authors: Singh Mayank , Singh O. P. , Singh M. P.
Published: December 2013

This paper deals with biomass accumulation and net primary productivity pattern in a fallow period of a lake margin agroecosystem. The slight slopping margin of present study site was characterized into two ecological zones, i.e. upper and lower from top up-land to lower region near water margin. Maximum biomass of dominant weed Cynodon dactylon (Linn) Pers. and ‘rest (other) weeds’ were 190.55 and 265.22 g m-2 in upper zone in September. In contrast, in the lower zone of study site, peakvalue of biomass of dominant plant C. dactylon and ‘rest weeds’ were 67.91 and 178.84 g m-2, respectively in June as lower zone was inundated from first fortnight of July to September, 2008. Maximum percentage contribution of the weed (C. dactylon) was 54.00 and 59.15% in March and‘rest weeds’ was 74.49 and 75.15% in April, 2008 in the respective upper and lower zones. Maximum productivity values of respective dominant weed (C. dactylon) and ‘rest weeds’ in upper zone were 2.07 and 2.51 g m-2 day-1 in July. In contrast, in the lower zone of the study site peak productivity values of respective dominant weed (C. dactylon) and ‘rest weeds’ were observed 1.36 in June and 1.23 g m-2 day-1 in October. Total productivity values in two respective zones upper and lower zones varied between 330.59 and 140.17 g m-2 per eight month. Analysis of variance in standing biomass of plant species was found significant p<0.05 in upper zone and p<0.01 in lower zone.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v18i0.9412Ecoprint: An International Journal of EcologyVol. 18, 2011 Page: 63-70 Uploaded date: 12/22/2013
ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF A TEMPORARY WETLAND IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Nazrul-Islam A. K.M. , Khan Fahmida , Khatun Ambia , Khan M. R. , Abdullah A. N.M. , Jha P. K.
Published: December 2013

Investigation has been done to gain evidence on certain chemical properties of water and vegetation in area representative of the various wetland habitats which go under water during rainy season. The measurements were done with edaphic condition, water chemistry, and floristic composition. Water was neutral to alkaline and pH varied from 6.97 to 7.20 and conductivity was in the range of 97.5 m mhos to 240 m mhos. Seasonal variation of chloride content was observed throughout the year and the highest chloride (104.96 mg/l) was in the month of October. Dissolved oxygen concentration was very low (2.99 mg/l) in the month of October. With the decrease of water, the value of alkalinity became double (76.0 mg/). No distinct variation in the content of hardness was observed in the three different locations. Temporary hardness varied from 0.1 0 to 0.56 mg/l. High value of total solids in the month of July (70 mg/l) indicated that high amount of sediment are coming with the flow of water from upstream. Total suspended solids were higher than dissolved solids. Exchangeable cations were low in the beginning and an increasing tendency of Na and Ca was observed in the later stages of marsh formation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v18i0.9413Ecoprint: An International Journal of EcologyVol. 18, 2011 Page: 71-76 Uploaded date: 12/22/2013
PLANT DIVERSITY IN HOMEGARDENS AND THEIR USE VALUE IN TWO VILLAGES OF RUPANDEHI DISTRICT, WESTERN NEPAL
Authors: Srish Okmaya , Pokhrel Chandra P. , Yadav Ram Kailash P.
Published: December 2013

Homegardens play significant role in the livelihood of the rural people. The cultivation of different plants in homegardens for self-sufficiency has a long tradition worldwide, but knowledge about homegardens in Nepal is meager. To analyse this more deeply, cultivated plants of 15 homegardens were surveyed in two Village Development Committees (VDCs) in Tarai of Westren Nepal, viz. Anandavan and Karahiya VDCs. This study mainly focuses on the plant species diversity and their use values. Mostly perennial plants were included in the study. The plant studied in the homegardens included those which are used as fruits, fodder, medicine, nut and others. In Total, 31 plant species were found in the studied homegardens. Species diversity in the home gardens of Anandavan VDC was higher (H’=2.45) than that of Karhiya VDC (H’=2.19). The evenness of species, however, was not different in the homegardens of two VDCs. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v18i0.9415Ecoprint: An International Journal of EcologyVol. 18, 2011 Page: 85-90 Uploaded date: 12/22/2013
Conflictos socioambientales: identificación y representación espacial. Estudio de caso en la ciudad de Río Cuarto (Argentina)
Authors: Galfioni María de los Angeles , Degioanni Américo , Maldonado Gabriela , Campanella Osvaldo
Published: December 2013

En la ciudad de Río Cuarto (provincia de Córdoba, Argentina) se advierte en la actualidad que el proceso de expansión urbana genera, por un lado, la inclusión de usos de suelo que con anterioridad se localizaban en la periferia, y por otro, el encuentro con actividades vinculadas al ámbito periurbano o rural (agrícola, industrial, comercial) que confrontan con aquellas del ámbito urbano, aumentando de esta manera el campo de conflictos socio ambientales. Esta situación, obliga al ámbito científico a generar conocimientos que sirvan para la toma de decisiones por parte del Estado, que debe conciliar intereses contrapuestos y asegurar un desarrollo sostenible. Por tratarse de conflictos con una fuerte implicancia territorial, el abordaje de los mismos se hace a partir de una cartografía actualizada y acorde a los objetivos propuestos. El objetivo del presente artículo es elaborar una sistematización, caracterización y posterior cartografía de conflictividad socio ambiental de la ciudad de Río Cuarto en un entorno SIG. Para vincularla luego con el proceso de expansión del medio construido urbano.

[fr] Dans la ville de Río Cuarto (province de Cordoba, Argentine) on apprécie aujourd’hui que le processus d’expansion urbaine donne lieu, d’une part, à des usages du sol qui étaient auparavant localisés dans la périphérie et, d’autre part, à un choc entre les activités liées à la zone suburbaine ou rurale (agricoles, industrielles, commerciales) et celles des zones urbaines, ce qui augmente le champ de conflits socio-environnementaux. Cette situation oblige les disciplines scientifiques à produire des connaissances servant à la prise de décisions de la part de l’État qui doivent concilier des intérêts contradictoires et assurer un développement durable. Étant donné qu’il s’agit de conflits avec de fortes implications territoriales il faut les aborder à partir d’une cartographie mise à jour et conforme aux objectifs envisagés. Le but de cet article est de développer une systématisation, une caractérisation et une postérieure cartographie des conflits socio-environnementaux dans la ville de Río Cuarto dans un entourage SIG. Cela doit être par la suite mis en relation avec l’expansion du milieu urbain construit.
Dinámica fluvial, propiedad de la tierra y conservación del paisaje de ribera en el entorno de Aranjuez (Madrid, Toledo)
Authors: Molina Holgado Pedro , Berrocal Menárguez Ana Belén
Published: December 2013

El paisaje de la vega del Tajo en Aranjuez es el resultado del efecto de la desamortización civil sobre el territorio que integraba hasta la segunda mitad del siglo XIX el Real Sitio. También es fruto de la alteración del sistema fluvial producida por la regulación de la cuenca posterior a 1950. Hasta 1880, la venta de bienes afectó mayoritariamente a las tierras situadas aguas abajo de la confluencia Tajo-Jarama y provocó la pérdida de muchos espacios forestales de uso eminentemente cinegético. Posteriormente, las aún extensas zonas naturales de la llanura de inundación en esta área, integradas en grandes fincas privadas surgidas tras la desamortización, se mantuvieron hasta finales de la década de 1960 debido a su frecuente inundación. A partir de esa fecha, la regulación de la cuenca permitió la ampliación de la frontera agrícola sobre las zonas más inestables, ocupadas hasta entonces por grandes sotos y praderas.

[fr] Le paysage de la vallée du Tage en Aranjuez est le résultat des effets de la désamortissement civile du territoire qui a fait la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, le Site Royal. Il est également le résultat du système fluvial altéré produite par la régulation du bassin à partir de 1950. Jusqu’en 1880, la vente de biens à affecter en aval de la confluence des terres et de Jarama du Tage, a causé la perte de nombreuses zones forestières jusque- là éminemment guide de chasse. Plus tard, les zones encore de grandes plaines inondables naturelles dans ce domaine, une partie de grandes exploitations privées ont émergé après la désamortissement, est resté jusqu’à la fin de 1960 en raison de sa inondations fréquentes. Depuis cette date, la régulation du bassin a permis l’expansion de la frontière agricole sur les zones instables, jusque-là occupés par des grands forêts alluviales et de prairies.
Cambio de la línea de costa en el Bajo Segura (Sur de Alicante) en los últimos 15.000 años
Authors: Tent-Manclús José Enrique
Published: December 2013

En este trabajo se describe el cambio de la línea de costa en la parte sur de la provincia de Alicante para los últimos 15.000 años. Se ha obtenido integrando datos de diferentes fuentes y especialmente de perfiles sísmicos de alta resolución marinos de la plataforma continental anexa. Se han distinguido 10 periodos. Comienza con la transgresión marina tras la última glaciación, le sigue la formación del sinus ilicitanus entre los años 4000 y 3000 a. C., y finaliza con un lento proceso de desecación hasta la actualidad, reducido a las lagunas del Fondo y Salinas de Santa Pola.

[fr] Dans ce travail on décrit l’évolution du littoral dans la partie sud de la province d’Alicante pour les 15.000 dernières années. Il a été obtenu en intégrant les données provennat de différentes sources et en particulier de l’étude des profils sismiques à haute résolution du plateau continental. Dix périodes ont été définis depuis le début de la transgression marine après la dernière glaciation. Le maximun transgressif abouti à la formation du sinus ilicitanus entre 4000 et 3000 avant JC. Depuis ce moment, commença un processus de dessiccation lent, qui se poursuit jusqu’à aujourd’hui, et qui a réduit l’ancien sinus a les actuelles lacunes du Fondo et les Salinas du Santa Pola.
EUROGEO: Una asociación europea enfocada a la investigación y a impulsar una docencia innovadora, que hoy marca el futuro de la Geografía en Europa
Authors: De Lázaro y Torres María Luisa
Published: December 2013

No disponible
El alto clero de Nueva España ante el subsidio eclesiástico de Felipe V
Authors: Aguirre Salvador Rodolfo
Published: December 2013

Este trabajo analiza las reacciones del alto clero de Nueva España ante la implantación del subsidio eclesiástico en Indias. A partir del estudio de una interesante correspondencia entre obispos y cabildos eclesiásticos es posible conocer las diferentes opiniones que el nuevo gravamen generaba. Sin duda, el subsidio puso a prueba la lealtad del clero al nuevo reinado de Felipe V e inició una nueva etapa en su relación con las iglesias indianas. A pesar del fracaso recaudatorio en dinero, para la Corona fue importante establecer el precedente de nuevos gravámenes al clero y demostrar la fuerza de la nueva dinastía.
Las Reflexiones (1761) de Simón de Aragorri y la reforma del comercio atlántico español
Authors: Astigarraga Jesús
Published: December 2013

Las Reflexiones sobre el estado actual del comercio de España es un amplio tratado político-económico, hasta la fecha desconocido, publicado en 1761 bajo la autoría anónima de Simón de Aragorri. El hallazgo de un ejemplar del mismo permite apreciar que su objetivo era incidir en el debate económico abierto tras la entronización de Carlos III. En este trabajo se analizan los fundamentos teóricos y la propuesta reformadora planteada en el libro respecto a los territorios de ultramar.
Flores Celestes (1807): O livro secreto de José da Silva Lisboa, o visconde de Cairú
Authors: Iglesias Magalhães Pablo Antonio
Published: December 2013

En este artículo se investiga el origen de un misterioso y pequeño libro titulado Flores celestes colhidas entre os espinhos da sagrada coroa da augusta, veneravel e soberana cabeça do divino e immortal rei dos seculos Jesus Christo, escrito por el enigmático poeta bahiense José Cortez Sol Posto, también conocido como Cigano da Bahia. La investigación muestra que, bajo el pretexto de la poesía piadosa, se esconden las confesiones de uno de los personajes más importantes de la historia de Brasil en el siglo XIX.
[pt] O presente artigo investiga as origens de um livrinho misterioso intitulado Flores celestes colhidas entre os espinhos da sagrada coroa da augusta, veneravel e soberana cabeça do divino e immortal rei dos seculos Jesus Christo, de autoria do enigmático poeta bahiense José Cortez Sol Posto, também conhecido como Cigano da Bahia. A investigação demonstra que, sob a capa de poesias piedosas, escondem-se as confissões de um dos mais representativos personagens da História do Brasil no século XIX.
Report of chronic myeloid leukemia from All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 1990-2010
Authors: Mishra Pravas , Seth Tulika , Sazawal Sudha , Mahapatra Manoranjan , Saxena Renu
Published: December 2013

All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi is an Apex Institute and caters to more than 1.5 million out-patients and 80,000 in-patients every year. In this study, we have presented data of patients over a period of 20 years. This encompasses our initial experience with hydroxyurea, then interferon alone or with cytarabine and finally imatinib. We have presented data of 525 patients treated on imatinib alone. Imatinib dose was increased in 56 (10.6%) patients and regain of complete hematological response was seen in 26 patients. A total of 14 patients were transplanted for different indications of chronic myeloid leukemia and out of which 12 patients are doing well, while two died due to Grade IV gut graft-versus-host disease.