bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Florigen‐like protein OsFTL1 promotes flowering without essential florigens Hd3a and RFT1 in rice
Authors: Wei Shaobo , Cheng Long , Qian Hongge , Li Xia , Shang Lianguang , Zhou Yujie , Ye Xiangyuan , Zhou Yupeng , Gao Yuan , Cheng Lin , Xie Chen , Yang Qingwen , Qian Qian , Zhou Wenbin
Published: February 2025

Flowering time is a critical agronomic trait in rice, directly influencing grain yield and adaptability to specific planting regions and seasons. Florigens, including FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) proteins Hd3a (OsFTL2) and RFT1 (OsFTL3), play central roles in transmitting flowering signals through rice's photoperiod regulatory network. While Hd3a and RFT1 have been extensively studied, the functions and interactions of other FT‐like proteins remain unclear, limiting advancements in breeding strategies for early‐maturing rice varieties. Here, we demonstrate that the florigen‐like protein OsFTL1 forms a florigen activation complex (FAC) and promotes flowering under both short‐day and long‐day conditions. OsFTL1 localizes to the nucleus and cytoplasm, with predominant expression in the shoot base, facilitating its mobilization to the shoot apical meristem (SAM) to initiate flowering. Overexpression of OsFTL1 (OsFTL1‐OE) in leaves or shoot bases significantly accelerates flowering and alters plant architecture. In the nucleus, OsFTL1 interacts with GF14c and OsFD1 to form an FAC, activating OsMADS14 and OsMADS15 expression to drive flowering. Markedly, OsFTL1‐OE plants deficient in Hd3a and RFT1 exhibited earlier flowering compared with wild‐type plants, indicating that OsFTL1 can independently promote flowering. Furthermore, haplotype analysis identified OsFTL1‐Hap3, a beneficial variant associated with early flowering and comparable grain yields. These findings revealed that OsFTL1 can substitute for Hd3a and RFT1 in FAC formation, promoting flowering across photoperiods, and highlighting its potential application in breeding early‐maturing, high‐yield rice varieties suitable for diverse environments.
Accurate genomic prediction for grain yield and grain moisture content of maize hybrids using multi‐environment data
Authors: Wang Jingxin , Liu Liwei , He Kunhui , Gebrewahid Takele Weldu , Gao Shang , Tian Qingzhen , Li Zhanyi , Song Yiqun , Guo Yiliang , Li Yanwei , Cui Qinxin , Zhang Luyan , Wang Jiankang , Huang Changling , Li Liang , Guo Tingting , Li Huihui
Published: February 2025

Incorporating genotype‐by‐environment (GE) interaction effects into genomic prediction (GP) models with multi‐environment climate data can improve selection accuracy to accelerate crop breeding but has received little research attention. Here, we conducted a cross‐region GP study of grain moisture content (GMC) and grain yield (GY) in maize hybrids in two major Chinese growing regions using data for 19 climatic factors across 34 environments in 2020 and 2021. Predictions were conducted in 2,126 hybrids generated from 475 maize inbred lines, using 9,355 single nucleotide polymorphism markers for genotyping. Models based on genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) incorporating GE interaction effects of 19 climatic factors associated with day length, transpiration, temperature, and radiation (GBLUP‐GE19CF) trained on whole data set outperformed the traditional GBLUP or BayesB models in predicting GMC or GY by 10‐fold cross‐validation, achieving prediction accuracies of 0.731 and 0.331, respectively. To refine the climate data, we examined 84 statistical features associated with these climatic factors and identified nine factors most correlated with GMC or GY. Principal component analysis of climate data yielded nine principal components responsible for 97% of the variability in the data. Incorporating these nine factors or principal components into the GBLUP‐GE framework with a similarity matrix of environments (GBLUP‐GE9CF and GBLUP‐GEPCA) provided similar prediction accuracies but could reduce the computational burden. In addition, increasing the number of test set environments in the training set from 8 to 14 increased the prediction accuracy of GBLUP‐GE19CF trained with monthly average climate data for 2020–2021. Examining prediction accuracy based on concordance, the proportion of overlapping hybrids between the top 50% of predicted and observed values for GMC and GY, indicated that concordance exceeded 50% for the GBLUP‐GE19CF model, confirming the reliability of our predictions. This study can provide practical guidance for optimizing GPs for maize breeding programs in multi‐environment selection.
Uncovering the Hidden Effort Problem
Authors: BEN‐REPHAEL AZI , CARLIN BRUCE I. , DA ZHI , ISRAELSEN RYAN D.
Published: February 2025

We analyze minute‐by‐minute Bloomberg online status and study how the effort provision of executives in public corporations affects firm value. While executives spend most of their time doing other activities, patterns of Bloomberg usage allow us to characterize their work habits as measures of effort provision. We document a positive effect of effort on unexpected earnings and cumulative abnormal returns following earnings announcements, and a reduction in credit default swap spreads. This is robust to using exogenous weather patterns as an instrument. Long‐short, calendar‐time effort portfolios earn significant average daily returns. Finally, we revisit important agency issues from the literature.
Echocardiographic Changes Related to Pulmonary Hypertension in Preweaned Dairy Calves With Bronchopneumonia: A Case–Control Study in Commercial Dairy Farms
Authors: Ghilardi Sara , Sala Giulia , Locatelli Chiara , Pravettoni Davide , Bagardi Mara , Boccardo Antonio
Published: February 2025

Background

Bronchopneumonia (BP) can cause pulmonary hypertension (PH) and secondary cardiovascular changes.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to describe PH–related transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTE) changes in preweaned dairy calves with BP diagnosed by thoracic ultrasonography (TUS).

Animals

One hundred and sixty‐four calves were selected from 11 commercial dairy farms.

Methods

This is a case–control study. The enrolled calves were grouped according to TUS results into either the control group (with normally aerated lungs) or the BP group (calves with lobar BP). Both groups were then subjected to TTE.

Results

Three echocardiographic variables were statistically different between the two groups, which included 104 healthy calves and 60 diagnosed with BP. The internal end‐systolic (LVIDs) and end‐diastolic diameters of the left ventricle (LVIDd) were significantly (p = 0.033, 0.034, respectively) lower in BP‐affected calves (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: LVIDs, 29.65 ± 3.94 mm in healthy calves vs. 28.21 ± 4.44 mm in BP‐affected calves; LVIDd, 49.83 ± 4.7 mm in healthy calves vs. 48.11 ± 5.4 in BP‐affected calves). The pulmonary artery internal diameter in end‐diastole (PAdia) was significantly larger (p = 0.017) in BP‐affected calves (16.81 ± 2.68 mm) than in healthy calves (15.75 ± 2.67 mm).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The observed differences in the affected calves were within the normal reference ranges and exhibited clinical relevance. The lack of evident cardiac disturbances indicates that the BP diagnosis in our study sample was made without relevant cardiac alterations, highlighting the potential of TUS's early diagnostic capabilities during BP episodes.
Time to Recovery From Severe Acute Malnutrition to Normal Nutritional Status and Its Predictors Among Children Aged 6–59 Months in North‐East Ethiopia
Authors: Wondmeneh Temesgen Gebeyehu , Giruma Amarech
Published: February 2025

Malnutrition is a major disease burden in developing countries, particularly in recurrently drought‐affected areas. Despite the Ethiopian government's initiatives to set up stabilization centers in different hospitals to tackle severe acute malnutrition, there is limited data on the time to recover from severe acute malnutrition and its determinants among under‐five children in northeast Ethiopia. The objective of the study is to determine time to recovery of under‐five children from severe acute malnutrition to normal nutritional status and its predictors in northeast Ethiopia. A facility‐based retrospective record review was carried out from March 1–20, 2023. The tools for the data extraction format were adapted from the national guidelines for the management protocol for severe acute malnutrition. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve was used to compare different categorical variables. The time‐varying covariate Cox‐proportional hazards regression model was fitted due to the violation of the Cox proportional hazard assumption (p = 0.007). A p‐value < 0.05 was a cutoff point to declare statistical significance. In the final analysis, a total of 372 children aged 6–59 months with severe acute malnutrition were included, 58.1% of whom were recovered. The incidence rate of recovery from severe acute malnutrition was 4.43 per 100 child days. Children living in rural areas (AHR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5–0.94) and those without F‐100 supplement (AHR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.79–0.91) had a lower recovery rate from severe acute malnutrition. Children lacking IV antibiotics (AHR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.03–2.0) and those HIV‐free (AHR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.1–3.3) were more likely to recover from severe acute malnutrition. The percentage of recovery in the study area was found to be lower than the sphere standard. F‐100 supplements should be mandatory to improve and speed up the recovery rate. Special attention should be given to children from rural areas, those receiving IV antibiotics, and those living with HIV/AIDS.
Resilience
Authors: Liashenko Joshua
Published: February 2025

Once a ubiquitous framework for assessing the capacity for recovery, perseverance, and success in the face of adversity, resilience has been met with growing critiques in its application. As a frequently used “pretty word” within health disparities research, resilience has come to signify how at‐risk communities overcome hardship in ways this work argues overdetermine their labor, activist potential, and existence. This critique examines resilience through the lens of ethnographic research conducted among transgender and nonbinary healthcare providers who provide gender‐affirming care within their communities. As a marginalized community experiencing transphobia and increasing structural barriers to life‐affirming and life‐saving healthcare, trans healthcare workers embody many tenets of resilience in how they are recast as medical authorities rather than victims. The aim of this intervention is to disentangle socio‐cultural meanings and expectations associated with the application of resilience. This work argues resilience presupposes colonial and cis‐heteronormative progress narratives in which trans people's capacity to overcome oppression renders their labor and advocacy as tied to perceived static conditions of transphobia. Through reexamining the use of resilience in health disparities research, researchers can better center communities in which they are engaged while avoiding monolithic representation and uncritical interpretation of oppressive systems.
Host specificity of herbivorous insects promotes negative species–genetic diversity relationship
Authors: Li Qian‐Ya , Zhang Linyi , Hu Xinghua , Wang Rong , Chen Xiao‐Yong
Published: February 2025

Although genetic diversity and species diversity in a community often covary, the direction and strength of the covariation vary. However, this variation in the relationship of these two diversities is poorly understood. Here we investigated the role of host‐specific herbivores in generating species–genetic diversity relationship in plant communities. We quantified host specificity for Fagaceae plants–acorn weevil bipartite networks in a subtropical forest and modeled the effect of weevil herbivory on the relationship. The results showed a consistently negative relationship between Fagaceae species diversity and the genetic diversity of the dominant species, Lithocarpus glaber. Our analysis showed this negative relationship arose from a positive effect of weevil host‐specificity on Fagaceae plant richness on the one hand and the negative effect of weevil host‐specificity on the genetic diversity of L. glaber on the other hand. This latter negative effect was possibly due to differentiated selection of weevils on different genotypes of L. glaber. Our study highlights the importance of considering trophic interactions and herbivore host‐specificity in explaining the species–genetic diversity relationship.
About How Nitrate Controls Nodulation: Will Soybean Spill the Bean?
Authors: Guillierme E. , Gevaert K. , Goormachtig S. , Struk S.
Published: February 2025

Legumes have the beneficial capacity to establish symbiotic interactions with rhizobia, which provide their host plants with fixed nitrogen. However, in the presence of nitrogen, this process is rapidly repressed to avoid unnecessary investments of carbon in the symbiosis. Several players involved in regulating nodulation in response to nitrate availability have been identified, including peptide hormones, microRNAs and transcription factors. Nevertheless, how these molecular players are linked to each other and what underlying molecular mechanisms are at play to inhibit nodulation remain unresolved. Nitrate‐mediated control of nodulation seems to differ between model legumes, such as Medicago and Lotus, compared to legume crops such as soybean. A deeper understanding of these regulatory processes, particularly in soybean, is expected to contribute to establishing increased nodulation efficiency in modern agricultural systems, hence improving sustainability by reducing the need for environmentally hazardous nitrogen fertilizers. This review describes the state of the art of nitrate‐regulated nodulation in soybean, while drawing parallels with molecular mechanisms described in other legumes and addressing knowledge gaps that require future study.
Effectiveness and Safety of Oral Compound Glycyrrhizin Followed by Phototherapy for the Treatment of Progressive Vitiligo in Children
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Jian , Liu Suqing , Shi Zhengzhou , Zhu Yijian , Jiang Min , Xiang Leihong
Published: February 2025

Childhood vitiligo, distinct from its adult counterpart, presents unique treatment challenges. Glycyrrhizin inhibits the release of high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein from keratinocytes, preventing melanocyte apoptosis and autophagy. Furthermore, the orally administered compound glycyrrhizin (OCG) effectively treats various autoimmune disorders, demonstrating long‐term efficacy, safety, and tolerability. This study compared the efficacy of OCG and oral prednisone (OP), followed by phototherapy, in patients with progressive childhood vitiligo at 52 weeks' follow‐up. Fifty children with vitiligo were randomized into two groups according to treatment: OCG (50–150 mg/day) followed by phototherapy (n = 25) and OP (5–10 mg/day) followed by phototherapy (n = 25). At Week 24, a halt in disease progression (HDP) was observed in 20 (80%) patients in the OCG group and 21 (84%) in the OP group, with no significant difference (p > 0.99). However, the mean time to achieve HDP was significantly shorter in the OP group than in the OCG group (14.73 ± 4.84 vs. 19.13 ± 4.82 weeks; p < 0.01). In addition, serum HMGB1 concentrations were significantly reduced after treatment with OCG at Week 24 (3.02 ± 0.83 vs. 0.95 ± 0.36 ng/mL [p < 0.01]; OP, 2.79 ± 0.16 vs. 1.03 ± 0.34 ng/mL [p < 0.01]). The decline in Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI) score at the end of follow‐up (i.e., Week 52) did not show a statistically significant difference between the OCG and OP groups (52.31% ± 14.86% vs. 55.71% ± 21.23%; p = 0.55). The therapeutic response of the clinical markers of progression was good and comparable between the OCG and OP groups. OCG demonstrated similar efficacy to OP followed by phototherapy in controlling disease activity and promoting repigmentation in children with vitiligo at 52 weeks of follow‐up.

Trial Registration: ChiCTR2400086844
Outsourcing Love
Authors: Levitan Danielle
Published: February 2025

This paper responds to recent arguments for the outsourcing of parental obligations and shows why such proposals are morally problematic. After outlining why it is impermissible for the parent–child attachment to be outsourced, and prior to Section 4, I explain the meaning of the duty of love. In Section 4, I note the primary motivating intuitions that lead parents to shift their moral obligations. I then discuss the intuition that the decision to shift an obligation of this sort cannot be criticized on moral grounds if children are, in fact, better and more content with their lives. In Section 5, I claim that the duty of love is conditioned by vulnerability and attention, both of which give rise to moral obligations of attachment. In Section 6, I argue that such duties cannot be shifted onto more capable adults because doing so would undermine the parent–child relationship and render it significantly less valuable. In Section 7, I discuss the permissibility of outsourcing certain duties relating to the child's welfare in order to maximize the child's well‐being and argue that the responsibility to maximize the child's well‐being is only outsourceable in terms of extrinsic goods. In Section 8, I remark on a related duty to promise to foster an intimate, affectionate attachment with one's child.
Support estimation and sign recovery in high‐dimensional heteroscedastic mean regression
Authors: Hermann Philipp , Holzmann Hajo
Published: February 2025

A current strand of research in high‐dimensional statistics deals with robustifying the methodology with respect to deviations from the pervasive light‐tail assumptions. In this article, we consider a linear mean regression model with random design and potentially heteroscedastic, heavy‐tailed errors, and investigate support estimation and sign recovery. We use a strictly convex, smooth variant of the Huber loss function with tuning parameters depending on the parameters of the problem, as well as the adaptive LASSO penalty for computational efficiency. For the resulting estimator, we show sign‐consistency and optimal rates of convergence in the norm as in the homoscedastic, light‐tailed setting. In our simulations, we also connect to the recent literature on variable selection with the thresholded LASSO and false discovery rate control using knockoffs and indicate the relevance of the Donoho‐Tanner transition curve for variable selection. The simulations illustrate the favorable numerical performance of the proposed methodology.
Implementation of a blood proficiency testing scheme for bacterial screening of platelet components
Authors: Prax Marcel , Debes Lea , Chudy Michael , Filomena Angela , Pisani Giulio , Pupella Simonetta , Riley Marie , Sondag‐Thull Daniele , Hecquet Marie‐Laure , Emery Marie Pierre , Pflieger Marie , Arnould Perrine
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives

The European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare has been co‐ordinating an external quality assessment programme for blood establishment (BE) laboratories since 2010. To further expand the study portfolio, a new bacterial blood proficiency testing scheme (B‐PTS) for platelet components (PCs) has been developed and validated in a pilot study.

Materials and Methods

Sterile samples and those containing a low‐count quantity of bacteria were prepared in spiking devices. Suitability of storage and shipping conditions for the samples was evaluated under different environmental conditions. Participants received the spiking devices, prepared the potentially contaminated PCs on site and tested them according to their routine screening procedures.

Results

Humidity compromised the quality of the samples. Optimized storage of the samples by adding a desiccant ensured satisfactory quality. In the pilot study, 9 of the 11 participants correctly identified the positive samples as being bacterially contaminated.

Conclusion

The newly developed bacterial B‐PTS was successfully implemented in a pilot study. It enables an inter‐laboratory comparison to determine the performance of BEs for the testing of bacterial contaminations in PCs.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of thermal decomposition solvents for TOAHCl
Authors: Sun Tianyu , Ma Yuan , Yang Ying , Liu Chenglin , Yu Jianguo
Published: February 2025

In the pursuit of optimizing the reaction-extraction-crystallization coupled mineralization process for CCUS technology, this study presents a pioneering investigation into the solvent effects on the thermal decomposition of tri-n-octylamine hydrochloride (TOAHCl). DFT calculations have determined the structure parameters, solvation free energy, infrared spectrum, and charge distribution of TOAHCl in 41 solvents, and obtained a universal law for the effects of solvents on the thermal decomposition process of TOAHCl, which enabling the rapid screening of optimal solvents for experimental application. With the experiment results, the standout finding is the identification of n-undecane as the most favorable solvent, distinguished by its rapid thermal decomposition rate, high final conversion rate of 93.8%, minimal environmental impact, and cost-effectiveness. These attributes mark a significant advancement over solvents reported in existing literature. Furthermore, MD simulations corroborate that n-undecane can enhance the decomposition process, underscoring their role in diluting reactants and products to facilitate mass transfer. This work not only sheds light on the solvent-mediated thermal decomposition pathways of TOAHCl but also provides a new idea for thermal decomposition solvent screening.
Calculation of Operational Parameter Variation of Finite Slider and Journal Bearings with Stochastic Roughness on the Stator and the Rotor
Authors: Skaltsas Dimitrios , Papadopoulos Christos I.
Published: February 2025

Within the framework of stochastic surface roughness representation, a recently derived Reynolds-type equation has been employed by the authors to compute the average values of a bearing's operational parameters. To enhance the understanding of hydrodynamic lubrication phenomena in rough bearings, it is necessary to account for the stochastic nature of these parameters by evaluating their higher-order moments, such as variance. This study aims to derive and quantify equations for the computation of these higher-order moments. Specifically, the paper presents equations for the variance of key operational parameters, including pressure, load-carrying capacity, friction force, and friction coefficient, in both finite-width slider and journal bearings. Furthermore, Raimondi-Boyd-like charts are developed for various L/B and L/D ratios, across a wide range of stator and rotor roughness standard deviations, applicable to both bearing types.
Primary mediastinal T-ALL presenting with superior vena cava syndrome
Authors: Gibbons Alison , Tito Emmanuel , Baik Justin , Kafando Ines
Published: February 2025

Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is a rare but serious condition typically associated with malignancy. While lung cancer and lymphoma are common causes, less frequent aetiologies can present a diagnostic challenge. We report a case of a young adult female who presented with classical symptoms of SVCS, including facial oedema, neck vein distention and dyspnoea. Diagnostic workup revealed a large mediastinal mass, which was subsequently confirmed as T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) on biopsy. This case highlights the importance of considering T-ALL in the differential diagnosis of SVCS, particularly in younger individuals without traditional risk factors. Early recognition and prompt initiation of appropriate therapy, including chemotherapy and potentially radiation therapy, are crucial for optimal patient outcomes. This case underscores the need for a high index of suspicion for rare malignancies, even in the context of common presentations.
Reparative immunological consequences of stem cell transplantation as a cellular therapy for refractory Crohn’s disease
Authors: Guisado Daniela , Talware Sayali , Wang Xiaoli , Davis Andrew , Fozilov Elbek , Etra Aaron , Colombel Jean-Frederic , Schaniel Christoph , Tastad Christopher , Levine John E , Ferrara James L M , Ling-Shiang Chuang , Sabic Ksenija , Singh Shishir , Marcellino Bridget K , Hoffman Ronald , Cho Judy , Cohen Louis
Published: February 2025

Background

Treatment strategies for Crohn’s disease (CD) suppress diverse inflammatory pathways but many patients remain refractory to treatment. Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is an emerging therapy for medically refractory CD though the mechanisms through which it circumvents refractory pathophysiology are unknown.

Objective

The objective of this study is to understand how the immune system reconstitutes post-SCT and whether SCT may function as a cellular therapy restoring appropriately responsive immune cell populations from haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).

Design

Adults with CD with active clinical and endoscopic disease who failed available medical therapies were enrolled in a phase II study of SCT for refractory CD (n=19). Blood and intestinal samples were collected longitudinally and analysed using CyTOF and scRNA-seq. Stem cell autografts were functionally assayed in mouse xenograft models.

Results

scRNA-seq and CyTOF analyses reveal that SCT predominantly affected the intestinal myeloid lineage with loss of inflammatory populations and return of macrophages capable of supporting mucosal healing. Xenograft models using patient HSCs suggested that HSCs support the early reconstitution of the myeloid lineage and reveal an impairment of short and long-term HSC engraftment that may determine SCT outcomes.

Conclusions

This study suggests SCT functions as a myeloid-directed cellular therapy reinforcing the critical role of macrophages in refractory CD pathophysiology and as a target for cellular therapies. Furthermore, we report an unrecognised functional heterogeneity among HSC subpopulations in CD that may be relevant to our understanding of CD treatment and pathophysiology.
Purified oat protein can trigger acute symptoms linked to immune activation in coeliac disease patients but not histological deterioration
Authors: Hardy Melinda Y , Russell Amy K , Henneken Lee M , Tanner Greg , Bekes Ferenc , Brown Ian , Motyer Allan , Olechnowicz Sam W Z , Reid Hugh H , Rossjohn Jamie , Tye-Din Jason A
Published: February 2025

Background

Oat ingestion in coeliac disease (CD) is generally regarded as safe but can trigger enteropathy and T cells specific for oat avenin in the gut and blood of some individuals.

Objective

To correlate immune and clinical outcomes to oats, purified avenin and oat feeding studies were performed to examine symptoms, T-cell immunity and intestinal histology in CD.

Design

33 treated HLA-DQ2.5+ adult CD patients underwent single-bolus or 6-week oat avenin or 3-month whole oats ingestion. T cell activation after avenin ingestion was measured using serum interleukin 2 (IL-2), a sensitive and specific biomarker of gluten-induced T cell activation and symptoms in CD. Symptom measures, intestinal histology, and immune studies on blood and duodenum were undertaken.

Results

Among 29 CD participants, avenin induced dose-dependent T-cell activation in 11 (38%) and acute symptoms in 17 (59%). Higher IL-2 levels correlated with more severe symptoms. A single highly symptomatic patient vomited in response to avenin (1/29; 3%) and exhibited a striking pro-inflammatory cytokine profile similar to wheat-induced responses. Avenin increased the frequency of CD38-expressing tetramer+integrin β7+ T effector memory CD4+ T cells in the blood, however symptoms, IL-2 release and tetramer frequency fell following 6-week avenin intake and no enteropathy was observed.

Conclusion

Gluten-contamination-free oats can trigger acute dose-dependent immune and symptom responses but usually at a level insufficient to cause sustained symptoms or enteropathy. In 1 of 29 (3%) participants, oat avenin triggered a pro-inflammatory wheat-like response, highlighting that a minority of CD patients may need to exclude oats. Informed choice regarding oats ingestion in CD is important.
The existence and distribution of photon spheres near spherically symmetric black holes: a geometric analysis
Authors: Qiao Chen-Kai
Published: February 2025

Photon sphere has attracted significant attention since the capture of black hole shadow images by Event Horizon Telescope. Recently, a number of studies have highlighted that the number of photon spheres and their distributions near black holes are strongly constrained by black hole properties. Specifically, for black holes with event horizons and proper asymptotic behaviors, the number of stable and unstable photon spheres satisfies the relation

$$n_{\text {stable}} - n_{\text {unstable}} = -1.$$

n
stable

-

n
unstable

=
-
1
.

In this study, we provide a new proof on this relation using a geometric analysis, which is carried out using intrinsic curvatures in the optical geometry of black hole spacetimes. Firstly, we demonstrate the existence of photon spheres near black holes assuming most general asymptotic behaviors (asymptotically flat black holes, asymptotically de-Sitter and anti-de-Sitter black holes). Subsequently, we prove that the stable and unstable photon spheres near black holes must be one-to-one alternatively separated from each other, such that each unstable photon sphere is sandwiched between two stable photon spheres (and each stable photon sphere is sandwiched between two unstable photon spheres). Our analysis in this study is applicable to any spherically symmetric black hole spacetimes.
Bridging the Gap Between Microstructurally Resolved Computed Tomography-Based and Homogenised Doyle-Fuller-Newman Models for Lithium-Ion Batteries’
Authors: Tredenick Eloise , Boyce Adam , Wheeler Samuel , Li Juntao , Sun Yige , Drummond Ross , Duncan Stephen , Grant Patrick , Shearing Paul
Published: February 2025

Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are synonymous with the modern age of electrification, yet advances in battery design, manufacturing, and chemistry are still urgently needed. Mathematical modelling plays an important role in understanding LIB performance and can provide physics informed design directions, optimisation and explain outcomes. We present an exploration and detailed comparison of the commonly used homogenised Doyle-Fuller Newman (DFN) model and X-ray computed tomography (CT) based microstructural model for LIBs, along with experimental data. We provide insights into the relative benefits of each model and highlight why they are important to battery technology development. We compare two common cathode chemistries, lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC), and lithium iron phosphate (LFP), and investigate discharge current density. The DFN and CT-based models show good agreement for averaged LIB metrics, such as the voltage response and active material utilisation, demonstrating that homogenised, computationally inexpensive models are an essential basis for battery design and optimisation. The CT-based microstructural model provides further insight into localised particle and electrode dynamics, considering heterogeneities that are a source of battery degradation. Qualitatively, the models also compare well with experimental secondary ion mass spectrometry mapping of the Li concentration in the active particles across the electrode thickness.
Harmony Within: Unravelling the Microbiome–Immune System Symbiosis for Health
Authors: Suchiita Anuupama , Gupta Navya , Nandi Kajal , Sonkar Subhash , Chandra Lal
Published: February 2025

The microbiome, a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms within the human body, interacts intricately with the immune system to maintain health and prevent disease. This dynamic partnership influences immune system development, inflammation regulation, metabolic health, and neurological well‐being, while disruptions, termed dysbiosis, have been linked to autoimmune disorders, chronic diseases, and mental health issues. This review highlights the microbiome’s role in educating the immune system, modulating responses, and supporting physical barriers, while addressing key research advances, such as microbial metabolites in immune regulation and the microbiome’s impact on cancer immunotherapy. Emerging technologies like multiomics and machine learning have propelled microbiome research, unlocking potential for personalized medicine and microbiome‐targeted therapies. Despite progress, challenges remain in understanding microbial diversity, individual variability, and causation–correlation in microbiome–immune interactions. Future directions include precision medicine, microbiome engineering, public health interventions, and interdisciplinary collaborations, positioning the microbiome–immune symbiosis as a transformative frontier in healthcare innovation.
Renal Transplantation in Patients With Urinary Diversion—Bypassing the Conduit: A Case Report
Authors: Wainstein Matthew D. , Ekwenna Obi
Published: February 2025

Kidney transplantation in patients with supravesical urinary diversions is a relatively rare procedure. The typical approach for establishing urinary drainage in these patients is through an ureteroileal anastomosis. However, a tension‐free ureteroileal anastomosis can be difficult to achieve based on variations in the anatomy of the donor ureter or recipient conduit. An alternative technique can be to create an anastomosis between the donor and recipient ureter, although reports of this technique in the last 20 years have been sparse. Here, we present two cases of patients with prior ileal conduits who underwent successful renal transplantation with uretero‐uretero anastomoses.
Chemical Denervation to Relieve Symptoms in Jugular Venous Compression Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Paulson Wesley , Voulo Morgan A. , Patel Shivani , Rothka Andrew J. , Jonik Sarahrose , Cherin Neyha
Published: February 2025

Jugular venous compression syndrome (JVCS) is caused by internal jugular vein compression, leading to headaches, neck discomfort, tinnitus, vertigo, confusion, and blurred vision. These impairments can diminish functional outcomes and compromise quality of life for patients. Literature‐based treatments focus on surgical approaches and do not include chemodenervation. However, chemodenervation may be an additional treatment modality to consider. We present the first published case of chemodenervation utilized to successfully treat debilitating neck pain, headaches, and vertigo symptoms for JVCS, resulting in improved functionality and quality of life. This chemical denervation to the anterior neck musculature was trialed in hopes of avoiding surgical intervention. After three treatments, significant symptomatic relief with improved ability to work, improved performance of activities of daily living, and enhanced quality of life were noted. Educating physicians about JVCS and the various treatment modalities available is essential, as less invasive treatment options may not only become available to assist with the functional component of the condition but could also serve as potential alternatives to surgical and endovascular management in carefully selected patients, with the goal of optimizing function and improving quality of life among patients.
Labels, Language, and Other Strategies to Improve Communication About Lower Grade Forms of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast: A National Delphi Survey
Authors: Lyons Mavis S. , Chaput Genevieve , Finelli Antonio , Kupets Rachel , Hong Nicole Look , Wright Frances C. , Gagliardi Anna R.
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study is aimed at generating consensus among women who had ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and healthcare professionals on how to improve communication about low‐risk forms of DCIS and reduce affected women’s diagnosis‐related confusion and anxiety.

Methods: We conducted a two‐round online Delphi survey with affected women and professionals from across Canada. They rated items sourced from prior research and key informant interviews on a 7‐point Likert scale. We retained items rated 6 or 7 by ≥ 80% of panelists.

Results: Thirty‐seven panelists (17 women, 20 professionals) completed Round 1 and 94.6% of those completed Round 2. Of 42 items rated, 18 were retained, 13 discarded, and 11 did not achieve consensus to retain or discard. Women and professionals agreed on 3 language approaches (use plain language, distinguish DCIS from invasive breast cancer, specify the risk of recurrence and spread) and 9 other strategies to help discuss DCIS (e.g., use visual aids, provide or refer women to culturally tailored DCIS‐specific information, ensure physicians can access interpreters). Based on rating and comments, women were more enthusiastic than professionals about referring to abnormal cells rather than DCIS and scheduling longer or follow‐up visits to address concerns. To disseminate these findings, panelists recommended public awareness campaigns for women and continuing education and professional society endorsement for physicians.

Conclusion: These findings address gaps in prior research that recommended changing the DCIS label, but had not fully explored label preferences, or identified other ways to improve and support communication about DCIS.
Microbial Quality and Safety Assessment of Fresh Lettuce Collected From Marketplaces in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Damtew Yeabsera , Desalegn Asnake , Tigu Fitsum
Published: February 2025

Foodborne disease outbreaks associated with ready‐to‐eat vegetables are increasing every day. Undercooked vegetables and fruits are considered the major sources of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and parasites. These days, raw vegetable consumption is becoming fashionable, particularly in cities where large populations inhabit. The current study was aimed at investigating the microbial quality and safety of fresh lettuce collected from marketplaces in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A cross‐sectional study design was employed to select 110 vegetable sellers among 11 subcities in Addis Ababa. Microbial counts (colony forming unit, CFU/g) of total coliform (TC), aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AMB), Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus spp., yeast, and molds were conducted by the standard protocols. The study results revealed that the fresh lettuce samples harbored a mean count (log CFU/g) of AMB (10.6), TC (7.1), E. coli (2.9), S. aureus (1.1), Enterococcus spp. (3.0), and yeast (0.4). P. aeruginosa and molds were not detected in any of the tested samples. Enterococcus spp. was the most prevalent, followed by E. coli and S. aureus with prevalence rates of 66.4%, 29.1%, and 10%, respectively. AMB, TC, and E. coli were found to be beyond the international acceptable limits. The high microbial loads in this study imply the poor hygienic conditions of the vegetable market in Addis Ababa. This contamination poses a potential biological health hazard to general consumers as a potential source of foodborne pathogens. The findings underscore the urgent need for improving the hygiene and safety practices of lettuce from production to consumption to safeguard the consumers in Addis Ababa.
Field Uniformity Analysis in Cylindrical Reverberation Chambers for Slender Equipment Testing
Authors: Li Bowen , Wei Guanghui , Fan Lisi , Li Xiaopeng , Zhao Zhanliang , Song Lijun
Published: February 2025

Aiming at the electromagnetic compatibility testing requirements of slender equipment, this paper proposes a design scheme for a cylindrical reverberation chamber. Through numerical simulation, the lowest usable frequency and field uniformity of the cylindrical reverberation chamber were analyzed. The results show that the cylindrical reverberation chamber has good field uniformity when the frequency is greater than , meeting the stringent requirements of IEC 61000‐4‐21. Utilizing this cylindrical structure for the reverberation chamber can effectively reduce testing costs and improve testing efficiency and accuracy. This research provides a foundation for further optimization of cylindrical reverberation chamber design, and it is expected to become an important tool for effective electromagnetic compatibility testing of equipment.
Table S2 from Chromatin Helicase CHD6 Establishes Proinflammatory Enhancers and Is a Synthetic Lethal Target in FH-Deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Jin Juan , Luo Jun , Jin Xiaodong , Lim Kiat Shenq , He Yang , Ding Jiawei , Shen Yan , Hou Yuchen , Liu Hanqing , Zhu Xiaoyu , Zhao Jing , Zhou Wenjie , Huang Hai , Gao Yi , Xiao Jun , He Hongchao , Li Qunyi , Liu Lianxin , Chen Li , He Qiang , Zhang Chuanjie
Published: February 2025

Summary of the epigenetic regulators showing the decreased sgRNA abundance in UOK-262 and ACHN cells, respectively.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Chromatin Helicase CHD6 Establishes Proinflammatory Enhancers and Is a Synthetic Lethal Target in FH-Deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Jin Juan , Luo Jun , Jin Xiaodong , Lim Kiat Shenq , He Yang , Ding Jiawei , Shen Yan , Hou Yuchen , Liu Hanqing , Zhu Xiaoyu , Zhao Jing , Zhou Wenjie , Huang Hai , Gao Yi , Xiao Jun , He Hongchao , Li Qunyi , Liu Lianxin , Chen Li , He Qiang , Zhang Chuanjie
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figure 4. CHD6 activates NF-κB signaling to potentiate FH-deficient RCC malignancy, related to Figure 5. A. Volcano plot showing differentially expressed genes in UOK-262 cells upon CHD6 knockdown. B. Unsupervised cluster analysis of differentially expressed genes in control and CHD6 knockdown UOK-262 cells. C. ATAC-seq signals showing the profiles of OCRs across the indicated peaks in UOK262 cells with versus without CHD6 knockdown. D. Heatmap exhibiting the significance of transcription factor motifs enriched in accessible loci derived from control and CHD6-KD UOK262 cells. NF-κB motif is dominantly highlighted. E. Venn diagram showing overlapping hits, defined as CHD6-signature, with CHD6 ChIP-seq peaks and changes in OCRs (ATAC-seq) and differentially expressed genes (RNA-seq). F. Western blotting assays and Co-IP analysis showing the altered CHD6-p65 interactions in UOK-262 cells with or without FH restoration. G-H. MTT (G), colony formation (H-left) assays were performed in control and p65-KD UOK-262 cells. Colony formation assays performed in p65-depleted UOK-262 cells with or without CHD6 overexpression (H-right). I. Quantification of colony formation numbers in indicated groups from (H). J. Effects of JSH-23 treatment (1 mg/kg) on UOK262-derived xenografts, as indicated (n = 6 per group, 2-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test). Treatment started when tumors reached 50–100 mm3. K. ChIP-qPCR analysis of CHD6, Pol II-S5P and S2P in the promoter regions of the indicated genes in WT and CHD6-KO UOK-262 cells with restoration of WT CHD6. P values were calculated using 2-tailed Student’s t-test (H, K). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001. ns, no significance.
Supplementary Table S7 from PTBP1 Lactylation Promotes Glioma Stem Cell Maintenance through PFKFB4-Driven Glycolysis
Authors: Zhou Zijian , Yin Xianyong , Sun Hao , Lu Jiaze , Li Yuming , Fan Yang , Lv Peiwen , Han Min , Wu Jing , Li Shengjie , Liu Zihao , Zhao Hongbo , Sun Haohan , Fan Hao , Wang Shan , Xin Tao
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Table S7. Upregulated proteins in gliomas vs normal brain tissue (NBT) in CPTAC database (study ID: PDC000204)
Supplementary Table S5 from PTBP1 Lactylation Promotes Glioma Stem Cell Maintenance through PFKFB4-Driven Glycolysis
Authors: Zhou Zijian , Yin Xianyong , Sun Hao , Lu Jiaze , Li Yuming , Fan Yang , Lv Peiwen , Han Min , Wu Jing , Li Shengjie , Liu Zihao , Zhao Hongbo , Sun Haohan , Fan Hao , Wang Shan , Xin Tao
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Table S5. Sequences of qRT-PCR primers to detect RNA expression
Supplementary Figures S1-S10 from Targeting the PREX2/RAC1/PI3Kβ Signaling Axis Confers Sensitivity to Clinically Relevant Therapeutic Approaches in Melanoma
Authors: Ford Catriona A. , Koludrovic Dana , Centeno Patricia P. , Foth Mona , Tsonou Elpida , Vlahov Nikola , Sphyris Nathalie , Gilroy Kathryn , Bull Courtney , Nixon Colin , Serrels Bryan , Munro Alison F. , Dawson John C. , Carragher Neil O. , Pavet Valeria , Hornigold David C. , Dunne Philip D. , Downward Julian , Welch Heidi C.E. , Barry Simon T. , Sansom Owen J. , Campbell Andrew D.
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figures S1-S10 with associated figure legends.
Supplemental Table 2 from Imlunestrant Is an Oral, Brain-Penetrant Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader with Potent Antitumor Activity in ESR1 Wild-Type and Mutant Breast Cancer
Authors: Bhagwat Shripad V. , Mur Cecilia , Vandekopple Matthew , Zhao Baohui , Shen Weihua , Marugán Carlos , Capen Andrew , Kindler Lisa , Stephens Jennifer R. , Huber Lysiane , Castanares Mark A. , Garcia-Tapia David , Cohen Jeff D. , Bastian Jolie , Mattioni Brian , Yuen Eunice , Baker Thomas K. , Rodriguez Cruz Vivian , Fei Dongling , Manro Jason R. , Pulliam Nicholas , Dowless Michele S. , Ortiz Ruiz Maria Jesus , Yu Chunping , Puca Loredana , Klippel Anke , Bacchion Francesca , Ismail-Khan Roohi , Rodrik-Outmezguine Vanessa , Peng Sheng-Bin , Lallena María Jose , Gong Xueqian , de Dios Alfonso
Published: February 2025

In vivo single agent imlunestrant efficacy in ESR1-mutant and wild type xenograft and PDX breast cancer models.
Supplementary Data Figure 3 from A Potent, Selective, Small-Molecule Inhibitor of DHX9 Abrogates Proliferation of Microsatellite Instable Cancers with Deficient Mismatch Repair
Authors: Castro Jennifer , Daniels Matthew H. , Brennan David , Johnston Brian , Gotur Deepali , Lee Young-Tae , Knockenhauer Kevin E. , Lu Chuang , Wu Jie , Nayak Sunaina , Collins Cindy , Bansal Rishabh , Buker Shane M. , Case April , Liu Julie , Yao Shihua , Sparling Brian A. , Sickmier E. Allen , Silver Serena J. , Blakemore Stephen J. , Boriack-Sjodin P. Ann , Duncan Kenneth W. , Ribich Scott , Copeland Robert A.
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Data Figure 3
Figure S4 from HBV Remodels PP2A Complexes to Rewire Kinase Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Turnham Rigney E. , Pitea Adriana , Jang Gwendolyn M. , Xu Zhong , Lim Huat Chye , Choi Alex L. , Von Dollen John , Levin Rebecca S. , Webber James T. , McCarthy Elizabeth , Hu Junjie , Li Xiaolei , Che Li , Singh Ananya , Yoon Alex , Chan Gary K.L. , Kelley Robin K. , Swaney Danielle L. , Zhang Wei , Bandyopadhyay Sourav , Theis Fabian J. , Eckhardt Manon , Chen Xin , Shokat Kevan M. , Ideker Trey , Krogan Nevan J. , Gordan John D.
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figure 4
Figure S2 from HBV Remodels PP2A Complexes to Rewire Kinase Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Turnham Rigney E. , Pitea Adriana , Jang Gwendolyn M. , Xu Zhong , Lim Huat Chye , Choi Alex L. , Von Dollen John , Levin Rebecca S. , Webber James T. , McCarthy Elizabeth , Hu Junjie , Li Xiaolei , Che Li , Singh Ananya , Yoon Alex , Chan Gary K.L. , Kelley Robin K. , Swaney Danielle L. , Zhang Wei , Bandyopadhyay Sourav , Theis Fabian J. , Eckhardt Manon , Chen Xin , Shokat Kevan M. , Ideker Trey , Krogan Nevan J. , Gordan John D.
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figure 2
Table S3 from Breast Cancer Subtype–Specific Organotropism Is Dictated by FOXF2-Regulated Metastatic Dormancy and Recovery
Authors: Jiang Wen-Jing , Zhou Tian-Hao , Huang Huan-Jing , Li Lin-Sen , Tan Hao , Zhang Rui , Wang Qing-Shan , Feng Yu-Mei
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Table 3
Figure S11 from Breast Cancer Subtype–Specific Organotropism Is Dictated by FOXF2-Regulated Metastatic Dormancy and Recovery
Authors: Jiang Wen-Jing , Zhou Tian-Hao , Huang Huan-Jing , Li Lin-Sen , Tan Hao , Zhang Rui , Wang Qing-Shan , Feng Yu-Mei
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figure 11
Figure S9 from Mapping of the T-cell Landscape of Biliary Tract Cancer Unravels Anatomic Subtype-Specific Heterogeneity
Authors: Nie Jianhua , Zhang Shuyuan , Guo Ying , Liu Caiqi , Shi Jiaqi , Wu Haotian , Na Ruisi , Liang Yingjian , Yu Shan , Quan Fei , Liu Kun , Li Mingwei , Zhou Meng , Zhao Ying , Li Xuehan , Luo Shengnan , Zhang Qian , Wang Guangyu , Zhang Yanqiao , Yao Yuanfei , Xiao Yun , Tai Sheng , Zheng Tongsen
Published: February 2025

Immune phenotypes and TLS mature states were correlated with anatomical subtypes in BTC.