bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONSERVAÇÃO DE PERAS MINIMAMENTE PROCESSADAS SUBMETIDAS A TRATAMENTOS QUÍMICOS
Authors: BOAS ANA CAROLINA VILAS , HENRIQUE PAÔLA DE CASTRO , LIMA LUIZ CARLOS DE OLIVEIRA , PEREIRA MICHEL CARDOSO DE ANGELIS
Published: March 2016

RESUMO O trabalho teve como objetivo testar a eficácia de tratamentos químicos na manutenção da qualidade de peras ‘Williams’ minimamente processadas. Inicialmente, realizaram-se a lavagem, a sanitização e a retirada das sementes dos frutos. Em seguida, foram realizados cortes no formato de palitos, e os mesmos foram imersos nas soluções, compondo os tratamentos: ácido ascórbico a 2 % (controle); ácido ascórbico a 2% + cloreto de cálcio a 2%; ácido ascórbico a 2% + ácido cítrico a 2%; ácido cítrico a 1%; cloridrato de L-cisteína a 1%. Os frutos foram acondicionados em bandejas de polipropileno, armazenados em câmara fria a 5ºC por 12 dias e avaliados a cada três dias. O tratamento com cloridrato de L-cisteína a 1% foi o mais eficaz na inibição do escurecimento em peras minimamente processadas; no entanto, frutos tratados com ácido ascórbico + cloreto de cálcio apresentaram maior firmeza durante todo o período avaliado, além de quantidades significativamente maiores de vitamina C quando comparado a formulações que não continham ácido ascórbico na composição.
Inclusion of crude glycerin with different roughages changes ruminal parameters and in vitro gas production from beef cattle
Authors: Paschoaloto Josimari Regina , Ezequiel Jane Maria Bertocco , Almeida Marco Túlio Costa , Fávaro Vanessa Ruiz , Homem Junior Antonio Carlos , Carvalho Vanessa Barbosa de , Perez Henrique Leal
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT: The increasing availability of crude glycerin from biodiesel production has generated great stock in the industries. To solve this problem, crude glycerin is being used as an energy source to replace corn in livestock diets. This study evaluated the effects of the association of crude glycerin (10% on DM of diets) with different roughages in Nellore cattle diets on ruminal pH and ammonia, degradability, digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, and greenhouse gas production. Six ruminally cannulated Nellore steers were assigned to a 6×6 Latin square design. The following treatments were evaluated: Hydrolyzed Sugarcane associated or not with crude glycerin, Corn Silage associated or not with crude glycerin or Tifton-85 Hay associated or not with crude glycerin. Association of crude glycerin with roughages did not affect the rumen ammonia concentration and pH and dry matter intake, but reduced the intake of NDF for diets with Hydrolyzed Sugarcane and Corn Silage and reduced the digestibility of DM, OM, NDF, EE, CNF and starch and decreased the effective degradation at the rate of 8% h-1 for diets with Tifton-85 Hay. The association crude glycerin with Hydrolyzed Sugarcane reduced the production of CH4 and CO2 in mL g-1 of DM. The inclusion of crude glycerin affects differently nutrient utilization in diets with Corn Silage, Hydrolyzed Sugarcane or Tifton-85 hay. Moreover, promotes mitigation of greenhouse gases in diets with Hydrolyzed Sugarcane. Association of crude glycerin with Corn Silage in Nellore cattle diets showed better conditions of ruminal fermentation and utilization of nutrients.
A CONSULTA DE ENFERMAGEM COMO TECNOLOGIA DO CUIDADO À LUZ DOS PENSAMENTOS DE BACON E GALIMBERTI
Authors: Dantas Cilene Nunes , Santos Viviane Euzébia Pereira , Tourinho Francis Solange Vieira
Published: March 2016

O objetivo deste artigo foi refletir sobre o uso da consulta de enfermagem como tecnologia do cuidado na atenção primária à saúde, na perspectiva filosófica. Trata-se de um estudo teórico e reflexivo sobre a tecnologia e a consulta de enfermagem na atenção primária à saúde, baseado nos pressupostos de Bacon e Galimberti. O pensamento filosófico oportuniza a ampliação das discussões e do escopo da enfermagem, por meio de uma prática sistematizada e estruturada cientificamente. A consulta de enfermagem é vista como um elemento essencial para a melhoria da qualidade do cuidado, tornando-o mais humanizado e focalizado na pessoa, na família e na comunidade.
A EXPERIÊNCIA DA MULHER E DE SEU ACOMPANHANTE NO PARTO EM UMA MATERNIDADE PÚBLICA
Authors: Souza Silvana Regina Rossi Kissula , Gualda Dulce Maria Rosa
Published: March 2016

Estudo qualitativo na história oral temática com objetivo de conhecer a experiência de mulheres e de seus acompanhantes no processo de parto, realizado em uma maternidade pública do Paraná entre outubro/2012 e maio/2013, com 11 mulheres e 11 acompanhantes. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, gravadas, transcritas, retextualizadas e analisadas tematicamente. No tema "experiências no processo de parto acompanhado", destacou-se que os maridos foram escolhidos pelas mulheres por motivos de segurança, apoio e tranquilidade. No tema "a atuação dos profissionais na visão das mulheres e dos acompanhantes", aparecem o respeito às escolhas da mulher, o preparo e as medidas para alívio da dor. No tema "as contradições na vivência do parto", surgem a restrição ao acesso do acompanhante e aspectos organizacionais e comportamentais. Conclui-se que a participação do acompanhante no modelo de assistência ao parto vigente apresenta avanços, contudo, encontra barreiras para que se realize plenamente no modelo do parto humanizado.
SENSIBILIDADE DOS PROFISSIONAIS FACE À NECESSIDADE DE INFORMAÇÃO: EXPERIÊNCIA VIVIDA PELA FAMÍLIA NA UNIDADE DE CUIDADOS INTENSIVOS
Authors: Mendes Anabela Pereira
Published: March 2016

Este estudo objetivou interpretar, na experiência vivida pela família na unidade de cuidados intensivos, a sensibilidade dos profissionais relativamente à sua necessidade de informação. Realizaram-se entrevistas abertas a 21 pessoas adultas, famíliares dos paciente que estiveram internadoss em cuidados intensivos. A análise e interpretação das narrativas, tendo como suporte o programa Nvivo8(r)(r), realizou-se de acordo com a abordagem fenomenológica sugerida por Van Manen. Verificou-se a existência de duas situações: a presença e a ausência de informação. A família refere que a sensibilidade do profissional foi determinante, na resposta encontrada às suas necessidades. O cuidado colocado, no conteúdo que foi transmitido e na forma de o transmitir, foram significativos na experiência vivida. Constatou-se que o conhecimento das necessidades, reais e potenciais, da família é determinante no exercício profissional dos enfermeiros. A resposta à necessidade de informação foi essencial no processo de transição situacional experienciado, face à transição saúde-doença do seu familiar.
Las implicancias psicopatológicas de la acedia en Evagrio Póntico
Authors: Vazquez Santiago Hernán
Published: March 2016

La presente comunicación intenta poner de relieve la contribución de Evagrio Póntico en la comprensión etiológica de ese padecimiento tan cercano a la melancolía moderna y a la depresión contemporánea, que él conceptualizó y sistematizó por primera vez: la acedia. Se ponen en relación con su aporte algunos elementos de la noción freudiana de melancolía y de la teoría de la autodiscrepancia acerca de la depresión, principalmente en lo que se refiere al rol del ideal del yo en el dinamismo etiopatogénico. En este contexto se evidencia la importancia histórica de la contribución evagriana que se anticipa a diversos planteamientos muy posteriores de la psicología y la psicopatología, e integra en una perspectiva espiritual la comprensión etiológica de la perturbación psíquica y su posible terapia.
Medindo o preconceito racial no Brasil: Aniela Ginsberg e o estudo das atitudes raciais
Authors: Maio Marcos Chor
Published: March 2016

Este artigo aborda um conjunto de trabalhos realizados por Ginsberg sobre as relações étnico-raciais no Brasil. Procuro demonstrar que o processo de inflexão da visão de Ginsberg centrado inicialmente em investigações de natureza comportamental passa gradativamente a mobilizar argumentos socioantropológicos para o entendimento das assimetrias raciais. Argumento que tal mudança decorreu sobretudo da influência dos estudos do psicólogo social e antropólogo Otto Klineberg, da Universidade de Columbia, ex-orientando de Franz Boas, professor do Departamento de Psicologia da USP entre 1945 e 1947, e severo crítico dos testes de inteligência e do valor heurístico do conceito de raça.
New species of Alpaida (Araneae, Araneidae) from Rondônia, Brazil
Authors: Nogueira André A. , Dias Stefan R.
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT We described a new species of spider, Alpaida clarindoi sp. nov. (Araneidae), from the southwestern Amazon forest. The new species is distinguished from most Alpaida by the presence of a pair of shoulders spines. Females can be separated from similar species by the subquadrangular shape of the epigynum, and males by the shape of the terminal apophysis and the tegulum, which possess an apical pointed tip. Alpaida clarindoi sp. nov. is described based on both sexes.
External morphology of the immature stages of Neotropical heliconians: X. Heliconius sara apseudes (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae)
Authors: Barão Kim R. , Silva Denis S. , Moreira Gilson R. P.
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT The biology and morphology of the immature stages of Heliconius sara apseudes (Hübner, [1813]) are still little known. External features of the egg, larvae and pupa of H. sara apseudes are described and illustrated, based upon light and scanning electron microscopy. Eggs with smooth carina, first instar larva with scaly setae, and body of second to fifth instars covered with scattered pinnacles distinguish H. sara apseudes from other heliconiine species.
Prevalência e fatores associados ao diabetes em idosos no município de Viçosa, Minas Gerais
Authors: Vitoi Nayla Cordeiro , Fogal Aline Siqueira , Nascimento Clarissa de Matos , Franceschini Sylvia do Carmo Castro , Ribeiro Andréia Queiroz
Published: March 2016

RESUMO: Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao diabetes em idosos, bem como verificar a concordância entre o uso de medicamentos para diabetes e a informação referida sobre a doença. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico transversal realizado na cidade de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, com 621 idosos com 60 anos ou mais, selecionados a partir de amostragem aleatória simples. Utilizou-se como instrumento de pesquisa um questionário semiestruturado que constava de perguntas sobre condições sociodemográficas, estilo de vida, condições de saúde e estado nutricional. Foram aferidos peso e altura, além do perímetro da cintura. A variável dependente do estudo foi o diabetes autorreferido. A análise da associação entre as diversas variáveis explicativas e a presença de diabetes foi feita por meio da regressão de Poisson com variância robusta simples e múltipla. Nas análises bivariadas foi utilizado o valor p < 0,25 para inclusão das variáveis na análise de regressão múltipla hierarquizada e, no modelo final, permaneceram as associações cujas variáveis apresentaram associação com o desfecho com valor p < 0,05. Resultados: A prevalência de diabetes foi de 22,4%. A análise múltipla hierarquizada evidenciou como fatores independentemente e positivamente associados ao diabetes: gênero, autopercepção da saúde, história de hipertensão e/ou dislipidemias, polifarmácia e obesidade abdominal. A escolaridade se manteve negativamente associada à presença de diabetes. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos são similares aos de outros estudos conduzidos no país, sugerindo que os fatores associados ao diabetes entre idosos são semelhantes em todo o país. Ainda, observou-se moderada concordância entre o uso de medicamentos para diabetes e a informação referida sobre a doença, o que sugere o uso da última como método alternativo de investigação quando não se dispuser de outra forma de avaliação.
Prevalência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e associação com autoavaliação de saúde: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013
Authors: Theme Filha Mariza Miranda , Souza Junior Paulo Roberto Borges de , Damacena Giseli Nogueira , Szwarcwald Celia Landmann
Published: March 2016

Resumo: Objetivo: Analisar o perfil de dez doenças crônicas não transmissíveis investigadas na Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde realizada no Brasil em 2013 e sua associação com a autoavaliação da saúde. Métodos: Estudo transversal de base populacional e abrangência nacional com 60.202 indivíduos com 18 anos ou mais. Foi utilizado processo amostral por conglomerado com três estágios de seleção: setor censitário, domicílio e indivíduo. Calculou-se a prevalência das doenças crônicas e os intervalos de confiança de 95% por idade, sexo e escolaridade, a idade média do primeiro diagnóstico e a proporção de limitação das atividades habituais. Para testar a associação com a autoavaliação de saúde, utilizou-se o procedimento de regressão logística ajustada por sexo e idade. Resultados: As doenças mais prevalentes foram hipertensão arterial (21,4%), depressão (7,6%), artrite (6,4%) e diabetes mellitus (6,2%). Indivíduos com diagnóstico de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) referiram maior limitação das atividades habituais (38,6%). Observou-se um gradiente na prevalência segundo idade e escolaridade, e todas as doenças foram mais frequentes entre as mulheres. Pior autoavaliação de saúde foi encontrada entre aqueles com diagnóstico de AVC (OR = 3,60; valor de p < 0,001) e nos que referiram duas doenças (OR = 5,53; valor de p < 0,001) ou três ou mais doenças (OR = 10,86; valor de p < 0,001). Conclusões: Por se tratar de doenças associadas a fatores de risco modificáveis, a prevenção com foco populacional é a melhor estratégia para redução da carga dessas doenças.
Cuidado em saúde em adultos com hipertensão arterial autorreferida no Brasil segundo dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013
Authors: Malta Deborah Carvalho , Stopa Sheila Rizzato , Andrade Silvânia Suely Caribé de Araújo , Szwarcwald Celia Landmann , Silva Júnior Jarbas Barbosa , Reis Ademar Arthur Chioro dos
Published: March 2016

RESUMO: Objetivo: Descrever indicadores de cuidado em saúde em adultos com hipertensão arterial autorreferida no Brasil, segundo características sociodemográficas. Métodos: Foram utilizados dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2013, estudo transversal de base populacional, referentes ao cuidado em saúde com a hipertensão arterial autorreferida quanto ao uso de serviços de saúde. As prevalências e seus intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) foram calculados segundo sexo, idade, raça/cor e escolaridade, representativos para Brasil e grandes regiões. Resultados: A hipertensão arterial foi referida por 21,4% (IC95% 20,8 - 22,0) dos entrevistados, sendo maior em mulheres e em pessoas sem instrução e com ensino fundamental incompleto. Dentre estes, 45,9% (IC95% 44,0 - 47,7) referiram ter recebido assistência médica pela última vez em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde; 81,4% (IC95% 80,1 - 82,7) referiram tomar medicamentos para a hipertensão; e 92,0% (IC95% 91,2 - 92,8) referiram ter realizado todos os exames complementares que foram solicitados. Conclusão: É importante conhecer a cobertura e o acesso aos serviços de saúde para o cuidado aos indivíduos com hipertensão arterial, de modo a avançar na qualidade da assistência prestada e reduzir as desigualdades identificadas.
Redescription of the endangered hypoptopomatine catfish Parotocinclus spilurus (Fowler, 1941) (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Jaguaribe basin, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Ramos Telton Pedro A. , Lehmann A. Pablo , Barros-Neto Luciano F. , Lima Sergio M. Q.
Published: March 2016

Abstract Parotocinclus spilurus (Fowler) was originally described as a species of Plecostomus based on six specimens collected in the rio Salgado, Icó Municipality, Ceará State, northeastern Brazil. Because the original description of P. spilurus is brief and uninformative, a detailed redescription of this endangered species based on the type series and on freshly collected topotypes was made. Data on osteology, intraspecific variation, sexual dimorphism and color pattern in life are presented for the first time, aiming at providing the necessary characters to differentiate the species from its congeners, as well as providing data on the distribution, habitat and conservation.
Frequency of orthodontic extraction
Authors: Dardengo Camila de S. , Fernandes Luciana Q. P. , Capelli Júnior Jonas
Published: March 2016

Introduction: The option of dental extraction for orthodontic purposes has been debated for more than 100 years, including periods when it was widely used in treatment, including the present, during which other methods are used to avoid dental extractions. The objective was to analyze the frequency of tooth extraction treatment performed between 1980 and 2011 at the Orthodontic Clinic of Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). Material and Methods: The clinical records of 1484 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were evaluated. The frequency of extractions was evaluated with regard to sex, Angle's classification, the different combinations of extractions and the period when orthodontic treatment began. Chi-square test was used to determine correlations between variables, while the chi-square test for trends was used to assess the frequency of extractions over the years. Results: There was a reduction of approximately 20% in the frequency of cases treated with tooth extraction over the last 32 years. The most frequently extracted teeth were first premolars. Patients with Class I malocclusion showed fewer extractions, while Class II patients underwent a higher number of extraction treatment. There were no statistically significant differences with regard to sex. Conclusion: New features introduced into the orthodontic clinic and new esthetic concepts contributed to reducing the number of cases treated with dental extractions. However, dental extractions for orthodontic purposes are still well indicated in certain cases.
Why segment the maxilla between laterals and canines?
Authors: Esteves Lucas Senhorinho , Santos Jean Nunes dos , Sullivan Steven M. , Martins Luana Maria Rosário , Ávila Carolina
Published: March 2016

Introduction: Maxillary surgery on a bone segment enables movement in the sagittal and vertical planes. When performed on multiple segments, it further provides movement in the transverse plane. Typical sites for interdental osteotomies are between laterals and canines, premolars and canines, or between incisors. Additionally, osteotomies can be bilateral, unilateral or asymmetric. The ability to control intercanine width, buccolingual angulation of incisors, and correct Bolton discrepancy are some of the advantages of maxillary segmentation between laterals and canines. Objective: This article describes important features to be considered in making a clinical decision to segment the maxilla between laterals and canines when treating a dentoskeletal deformity. It further discusses the history of this surgical approach, the indications for its clinical use, the technique used to implement it, as well as its advantages, disadvantages, complications and stability. It is therefore hoped that this paper will contribute to disseminate information on this topic, which will inform the decision-making process of those professionals who wish to make use of this procedure in their clinical practice. Conclusions: Segmental maxillary osteotomy between laterals and canines is a versatile technique with several indications. Furthermore, it offers a host of advantages compared with single-piece osteotomy, or between canines and premolars.
Protagonista da amamentação ou instrumento da política de saúde infantil?: a enunciação da mulher nos materiais oficiais de promoção e orientação ao aleitamento materno
Authors: Kalil Irene Rocha , Aguiar Adriana Cavalcanti de
Published: March 2016

Resumo Este artigo analisa materiais de promoção e orientação ao aleitamento materno recentes, pro duzidos pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS) brasileiro, identificando aproximações e diferenças entre os discursos voltados a gestantes e lactantes e aqueles dirigidos a profissionais de saúde em relação aos sentidos propostos acerca da mulher. Com base na teoria da enunciação, identificamos que, mesmo permanecendo o eu ou sujeito da enunciação dos discursos analisados, identificado como MS, per sistem distinções significativas na abordagem da mulher. Nos manuais para profissionais de saúde, nos quais a mulher é o sujeito sobre quem se fala, é mais comum ela aparecer representada como in divíduo dotado de subjetividade e protagonista do processo. Por outro lado, de modo geral, as mulheres são tratadas de forma objetificada nos materiais voltados a elas mesmas, o que se revela por meio de linguagem normativa e imperativa que as configura como instrumento da política oficial de saúde in fantil. Defendemos que compreender como o objeto de que se fala é constituído por/nesses discursos, assim como desvelar como neles se constroem as posições de sujeito e relações de poder, possibilita -nos problematizar essa comunicação que, de modo geral, negligencia as experiências e expectativas da mãe no processo de amamentação.
Doenças e práticas terapêuticas entre os Teréna de Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Ribas Dulce Lopes Barboza , Concone Maria Helena Vilas Boas , Pícoli Renata Palópoli
Published: March 2016

Resumo Este artigo propõe-se a descrever as visões sobre saúde e doença, enfatizando a identificação, as interpretações diagnósticas e as práticas tera pêuticas relacionadas à doença crônica entre os Teréna da Terra Indígena Buriti de Mato Grosso do Sul. Realizou-se um estudo qualitativo por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com 24 indígenas e de observação participante, com registro em diário de campo, entre março e agosto de 2010. Para os Teréna, o entendimento de saúde e doença compõe questões de sua vida cotidiana: redução na disponi bilidade de terra, mudanças climáticas, influências do meio urbano e quebra de regras. Quanto aos processos terapêuticos, observou-se a busca pelo aconselhamento e pelo cuidado familiar e religioso, e o atendimento biomédico obtido no posto de saúde, sendo estes vistos como complementares. Os es quemas interpretativos mencionados pelos Teréna para a causalidade da hipertensão arterial indicam relação com as condições de vida, contaminações do meio ambiente, mudanças na dieta alimentar, feitiços e desobediência aos mais velhos. As expe riências vivenciadas pelos Teréna no entendimento de suas doenças e na busca pela cura são processos resultantes dos saberes locais, da participação de diversos atores envolvidos e dos recursos e tecno logias disponíveis, todos inscritos em um contexto cultural e social dinâmico.
Anonimato e segredo na reprodução humana com participação de doador: mudanças em perspectivas
Authors: Machin Rosana
Published: March 2016

Resumo As tecnologias reprodutivas, ao separar a sexuali dade da reprodução, interferiram não somente nas relações entre os sexos, mas também nas relações de filiação, possibilitando o surgimento de configu rações familiares decorrentes do acesso a material genético de terceiros (doadores de óvulos, sêmen ou embrião). O segredo e o anonimato que sempre envolveram os doadores de gametas têm sido desa fiados. Nos últimos vinte anos, diversos países alte raram sua legislação adotando a identidade aberta do doador de material genético. A possibilidade de conhecer e ter acesso a esta identidade (chegando à maioridade) ou mesmo a busca por meios irmãos pode ser uma realidade em muitos países para crianças nascidas por meio do acesso à tecnologia reprodutiva. O artigo enfatiza a questão do segredo e do anonimato envolvendo o uso de material ge nético de terceiros em tecnologias reprodutivas. A discussão é explorada por meio do debate ocorrido no Reino Unido relativo à abolição do anonimato e suas implicações sob a perspectiva dos doadores, dos casais demandantes e da criança concebida. O estudo reflete ainda sobre as concepções de família envolvidas nessa discussão.
A produção do espaço e sua relação no processo de saúde - doença familiar
Authors: Pareja Juliana Maria Damelines , Guerra Francismara Fernandes , Vieira Sidnea Ribeiro , Teixeira Karla Maria Damiano
Published: March 2016

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo propor uma forma de análise social do processo saúde-doença na família, desenvolvendo o conceito de espaço sob a perspectiva da teoria ecossistêmica e conceptual da determinação social em saúde. Primeiramente, uma discussão do conceito de "família" é feita, considerando as vertentes social e ecológica do princípio de ordem e reprodução. Em seguida, discute-se sobre nutrição e trabalho como formas de adaptação, estratégias e administração de recursos das famílias, para que se organizem saudavelmente no ecossistema e como ecossistema, assim como para produzir o espaço. Nesse contexto, procura-se estabelecer que a produção social do espaço e sua organização estruturam as condições de vida de seus ecossistemas, bem como das formas de relacio namentos entre as pessoas e o ambiente, que podem desencadear o processo saúde-doença familiar. Fi nalmente, procura-se estabelecer como se abordar socialmente o processo saúde-doença na família, segundo sua relação na produção social do espaço.
Air pollution and its impacts on health in Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil
Authors: Freitas Clarice Umbelino de , Leon Antonio Ponce de , Junger Washington , Gouveia Nelson
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the impact of air pollution on respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity of children and adults in the city of Vitoria, state of Espirito Santo. METHODS A study was carried out using time-series models via Poisson regression from hospitalization and pollutant data in Vitoria, ES, Southeastern Brazil, from 2001 to 2006. Fine particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3) were tested as independent variables in simple and cumulative lags of up to five days. Temperature, humidity and variables indicating weekdays and city holidays were added as control variables in the models. RESULTS For each increment of 10 µg/m3 of the pollutants PM10, SO2, and O3, the percentage of relative risk (%RR) for hospitalizations due to total respiratory diseases increased 9.67 (95%CI 11.84-7.54), 6.98 (95%CI 9.98-4.17) and 1.93 (95%CI 2.95-0.93), respectively. We found %RR = 6.60 (95%CI 9.53-3.75), %RR = 5.19 (95%CI 9.01-1.5), and %RR = 3.68 (95%CI 5.07-2.31) for respiratory diseases in children under the age of five years for PM10, SO2, and O3, respectively. Cardiovascular diseases showed a significant relationship with O3, with %RR = 2.11 (95%CI 3.18-1.06). CONCLUSIONS Respiratory diseases presented a stronger and more consistent relationship with the pollutants researched in Vitoria. A better dose-response relationship was observed when using cumulative lags in polynomial distributed lag models.
New Turcot complex: the challenge of contamination management
Authors: Sbarrato Nicolas , Marcotte Claude
Published: March 2016

At the heart of the Turcot reconstruction project, the Turcot rail yard, which has hosted railway activities for more than a century, has a long contamination heritage, mainly due to oil spills and backfilling episodes when fill materials were put over lacustrine deposits. The remediation of the site relies on a risk analysis allowing contaminated soils and non-hazardous materials to be maintained in place. Over 4·3 Mm3 of fill materials, including burnt coal residue, parts of which are contaminated, will need to be excavated and managed for the construction of a new complex in accordance with the objectives of a risk analysis and the requirements of regulatory agencies. The data correlation analysis between soil composition and levels of contamination, the development of databases and algorithms allowing extrapolation of chemical data to uncharacterised materials and the volume calculation all helped add environmental value to the project from its design to its construction including its regulatory framework.
Socio-Economic and Gender Inequalities in Educational Trajectories upon Completion of Lower Secondary Education in Russia
Authors: Bessudnov Alexey , Malik Valeriya
Published: March 2016

Using longitudinal data from the study Trajectories in Education and Career (TrEC) we analyse the probabilities of entering 10th grade for boys and girls as well as for students with different socio-economic backgrounds. In 2012 59% of pupils chose the academic track and continued their education in 10th grade upon completion of 9th grade, while others moved to vocational education. Girls were more likely to enter the academic track than boys. The probability of entering the academic track was considerably higher for students from more educated and wealthier families. We analyse total inequality in the educational transition as a sum of primary and secondary effects where primary effects refer to the inequalities in performance and secondary effects refer to the inequalities in making the transition controlling for per formance. We find strong secondary effects of parental education and wealth on making a transition to the academic track. There is no evidence of secondary effects of gender. The paper discusses mechanisms of gender and socio-economic inequalities in the transition to 10th grade and makes policy ecommendations aimed at reducing social inequality in education.
A Comparative Study on the Effect of Pre-instruction and While-instruction Alphabet Teaching in EFL Context
Authors: Maleki Ghaffar , Nourdad Nava
Published: March 2016

The present study was designed to specifically compare two methods of presenting the alphabet in Iranian guidance schools (an equivalent for middle school in other countries), namely pre-instruction and while-instruction to see if any of them is more successful in learners' alphabet learning.To this end, a quasi-experimental research design with two experimental groups including a pre-test and a post-test was set.The existing four intact classes were randomly assigned as two groups of pre-instruction(N=47)and while-instruction (N=43) experimental groups.Both groups followed alphabet learning process for six months. One of the researcherswas the teacher of the two groups and taught the alphabet through pre-instruction presentation to the first experimental group, andthrough while-instruction to the second experimental group. By accomplishing the treatment, the post-test was given to both groups. The results of independet-samples t-test indicated that while-instruction method for teaching alphaebt was much more beneficial than pre-instruciton. Language teachers can benefit from this finding in their elementary classes.
The Effectiveness of Strategy-based Vocabulary Instruction on Iranian EFL Learners' Recall
Authors: Izadpana Elham , Ghafournia Narjes
Published: March 2016

This study investigated the preferred vocabulary strategies, used by Iranian intermediate EFL learners and also the effect of strategy-based vocabulary instruction on students’ recall once immediately after the instruction period and once after a time interval (two weeks). In order to determine the learners’ level of proficiency, NET (Nelson English Test) was administered to the intended population. Those students, whose score fell within the range of 28-33 were labeled as intermediate. To identify the learners’ preferred vocabulary learning strategies, a questionnaire known as VOLSI (Vocabulary Learning Strategies Inventory) was given to them. The results indicated that there was not any significant difference between the mean scores of the participants in the control group and the participants in the experimental group (0.46). In simple words, the two groups were homogenous in terms of lexical knowledge at the beginning of the course. With regard to the obtained results for the two post-test phases, it was found that the post-treatment means of the two groups were significantly different in terms of recalling vocabulary.  Taken together, the findings of this study support the foreign language research literature on vocabulary strategy training.
Grammar Learning Strategies Applied to ESP Teaching
Authors: Chen Zhaojun
Published: March 2016

There are difficulties in learning ESP because of the characteristics of ESP and learners’ low grammatical competence. Grammar knowledge plays important roles in cultivating grammar competence, especially for ESP learning. There is the connection between grammar and learning strategies. Cognitive approach (deductive and inductive learning), communicative approach, and drills are beneficial to grammar learning. ESP grammar learning strategies can be classified into cognitive strategies, metacognitive strategies, affective strategies for learning grammar, and social strategies for learning grammar. Teachers can apply some strategies to ESP teaching.
A dieta mediterrânica na prevenção de doenças da contemporaneidade: Uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Bonito Jorge
Published: March 2016

O trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar evidências científicas existentes sobre a relação entre a dieta mediterrânica e a hipertensão, a hipercolesterolemia e as doenças cardiovasculares. Realizou-se através de uma revisão da literatura, usando-se a saturação com o critério para a exclusão de novos trabalhos. Os resultados apontam para o importante papel da dieta mediterrânica, ou outra de caraterísticas similares, junto com um estilo de vida fisicamente ativo que permita manter o peso dentro de um nível considerado saudável, na redução do risco de desenvolver doença cardiovascular, aumentando a qualidade e a esperança de vida. Um número superior a um terço das mortes causadas por doenças cardiovasculares são atribuídas aos hábitos alimentares e de atividade física e a outros fatores de risco estreitamente relacionados com os mesmos, como seja a hipertensão arterial, a aterosclerose, a diabetes e a obesidade. A maior parte das diferenças individuais do risco de se vir a desenvolver obesidade, cancro ou doenças cardiovasculares e das variações populacionais na incidência e na prevalência destas doenças deve-se a fatores relacionados com os estilos de vida.

The Mediterranean diet in the prevention of contemporaneity diseases: A literature review

Abstract: This work seeks to reveal the state of the art scientific evidence that exists on the relationship between the Mediterranean diet and hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular disease. It was held through a literature review, using saturation with the criteria for the exclusion of new articles. The results point to the important role of the Mediterranean diet, or one with similar characteristics, along with a physically active lifestyle for maintaining weight within a level considered healthy, in reducing the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, increasing quality and life expectancy. A number greater than one-third of deaths from cardiovascular diseases are attributed to the eating habits and physical activity and other risk factors closely related thereto, such as high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, diabetes and obesity. Most of the individual differences of the risk of eventually developing obesity, cancer or cardiovascular diseases and population variations in the incidence and prevalence of these diseases is due to factors related to lifestyles.
An Economic Impact Of Marylands Coastal Bays: A Goal Programming Approach
Authors: Sharma Dinesh K. , Alade Julius A. , Acquah Emmanuel T.
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this paper is to present a lexicographic goal programming (LGP) model to assess fishery management and related activities and their economic impact on Marylands Coastal Bays. The LGP model is designed to illustrate how LGP can be used as an aid to solving fishery management and related activities with multiple objectives. The technique allows us to find the optimal solution, based on the priorities of the goals in a decision-making environment. In this study, we have used LGP to examine a set of goals and objectives as they relate to the socioeconomic significance of fishery management in Marylands Coastal Bays.
Positive Organizational Behavior Variables And The Effects Of Boredom Proneness On Perceived Organizational Support
Authors: Keles Hatice Necla , Ozkan Tugba Kural
Published: March 2016

The goal of this study is to emphasize the importance of positive organizational behavior (POB) and boredom proneness for businesses and to analyze their impact on employee behavior. The study is expected to show that positive organizational behavior variables have a positive explanatory power on perceived organizational support (POS) and that boredom proneness has a negative explanatory power. The study also investigates whether the organizational climate has a mediation effect on the effect of positive organizational behavior variables and boredom proneness on perceived organizational support.
The Relationship Between Tolerance For Ambiguity And Students Propensity To Cheat On A College Exam
Authors: Thompson James H. , Austin Jane S. , Walters Bruce A.
Published: March 2016

Businesses in the United States are being ravaged internally for a total of up to $400 billion yearly by white-collar crime (Martin, 1998).   Fraud, the culprit, is defined as, “deceit; trickery; cheating” (Webster’s New World dictionary, 1978).  This phenomenon knows no bounds, has no feelings, respects no one; and its perpetrators are described as the “greatest threat to businesses of all sizes” by Mark Simmons, a New York-based auditor with 20 years’ experience of fighting fraud (Applegate, 1998).  This exploratory study is aimed at gaining a greater understanding of the psychological consistency of these perpetrators, who remain a constant threat to business education.
The Efficacy Of Remedial Education Program On Houstons At Rick Youth
Authors: Bentley Brigett T. , Osho Gbolahan Solomon
Published: March 2016

There is universal agreement that a good education for all our citizens is the harbinger of future personal success, a high standard of living, and a flourishing economy and improved global competitiveness. Actions that contradict that postulate must therefore be challenged, exposed and corrected. Remedial academic programs have effectively supplemented our core educational systems and elevated many minority sectors of our nation to productive contributions. A realignment of priorities influenced by political interests and budget constraints is threatening the continuity of these programs despite significant returns on investment. This paper explores the demographics of Houston’s minority education, the effectiveness of remedial initiatives on at risk youth graduation outcomes and collaborative solutions to replicate and preserve the progress achieved.
Thinking Critically About Business Ethics
Authors: Dean F. Peter , Boose Mary Ann
Published: March 2016

In this study, we teach students and business professionals to apply a formal process of critical thinking to the issues of business ethics.  Every new scandal generates a renewed interest in busin-ess ethics, leading the news media and the public to lament the current state of affairs, sometimes asking why colleges and schools of business don’t do a better job of teaching ethics. Many suggest that business owners and managers do not act as ethically as in the past.  Some say that they can-not act ethically.  The critical thinking skills and examples included in this study can serve to help students of business and professionals in business as they approach difficult ethical decisions.
When Good Management Isnt Enough: The Story Of A Czech Business In The Twentieth Century
Authors: TenHaken Vicki R.
Published: March 2016

We teach management as a rational process: if you conscientiously apply the concepts learned, you will succeed.  However, for this equation to work certain underlying factors must be in place.  No matter how well prepared managers may be, events unfold around them that profoundly affect their organizations.  We may take the basic infrastructure of democratic capitalism for granted when we teach management education, but it doesn’t hurt to remind our students occasionally that these ‘givens’ aren’t always there.  By teaching our students to appreciate how remarkable is the achievement of democratic capitalism, will we be more likely to protect it and perhaps even improve upon it.
Walking A Kilometer In Their Shoes: An Exploration Of American And South Korean University Students Expectations And Experiences
Authors: Cumber Carol J. , Brooks April , Thaler Robert
Published: March 2016

An exploratory study of university students from very different cultural backgrounds, attending universities in their home countries, was undertaken to assess their perceptions of multiculturalism, and their expectations and experiences as university students. Although a number of similarities existed, survey results indicated that the South Korean students were significantly more interested in multicultural issues.  Survey results of American students indicated that even though their university offered myriad opportunities for increasing their understanding of diversity, multiculturalism and global issues, students lacked awareness of the opportunities and infrequently participated in the activities. This finding suggests that if a university is constrained by the non-diverse demography of its region, it will face a difficult task in motivating students to become globally aware and internationally competitive.
Project SOAR Supporting Disadvantaged Students Technology Needs
Authors: Jackman Diane H. , Dorsch Nina G.
Published: March 2016

Project SOAR was developed to support the technology needs of financially or physically disadvantaged students or minority students who are actively engaged in a teacher certification program.
A Pedagogical Method Of Dealing With Students Risk Anxiety Of Investing In The Stock Market
Authors: Cohn Michael
Published: March 2016

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Taking General Education Seriously: Expanding The Boundary Of A Principles Of Macroeconomics Course
Authors: O'Neill Patrick B.
Published: March 2016

Does teaching a course that “counts” for general education credit carry with it any responsibilities beyond discipline content? How might you entice students to view a discipline specific course in more general terms? What might be done to link a course in one discipline to courses in related disciplines so that students see connections? These are some of the questions that I have been attempting to answer within the context of a Principles of Macroeconomics course at the University of North Dakota. This paper describes two initiatives undertaken over the past two years. The first initiative occurred during the Spring 2003 semester within two sections of Principles of Macroeconomics. In one section students were given a traditional lecture-based course. In the other section, in addition to lectures, students were asked to read, think about, discuss, and write about how economics relates to other disciplines and how economic thinking might be applied when examining issues beyond economics. The main vehicle used for this latter aspect of the course was to have the students explore the book Dollars and Change: Economics In Context by Louis Putterman. The second initiative took place during the Spring 2004 semester. During this semester, within two sections of Principles of Macroeconomics, all students were asked to read, think about, discuss, and write about general education (liberal learning). The main vehicle used for this initiative was to have the students explore the book A Student’s Guide to Liberal Learning by James V. Schall and the description of general education in the University catalog. A detailed description of each of these two initiatives is provided, including copies of assignment sheets and grading rubrics. A discussion of the outcomes of each of these initiatives is presented, from the perspective of the students as well as of the faculty member. The analysis presented is primarily qualitative.
Senior Secondary School Childrens Understanding Of Plant Nutrition
Authors: Mosothwane Modise
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this study was to assess childrens understanding of plant nutrition. The research was done on a sample of secondary school pupils in the age range of 16 to 19 years in two senior secondary schools in Botswana. The sample contained 137 senior secondary pupils all in their final year of study. These children were above average ability. The children were given a test on plant nutrition composed of two parts namely forced and free responses which were based on the Botswana senior secondary school biology syllabus.After the administration of the test to the pupils, interviews were conducted to give children the opportunity to explain their answers. The majority of children experienced little difficulty in providing accepted ideas about plant nutrition. However, analysis of childrens responses showed that mistakes were often made in the process of where plants make food rather than in the process of how plants make food. In conclusion, suggestions and recommendations were made with the hope that they would help teachers teach plant nutrition in a meaningful way.
Speaking With A Stranger: Intercultural Classrooms Tensions And Managing Strategies
Authors: Kerdchoochuen Jiraporn
Published: March 2016

An increasing number of Thai students are enrolling in international programs recently with the expectation of real-life intercultural learning experiences. Most teachers in intercultural classrooms in Thailand are native English-speaking teachers who come from different cultures and have different perspectives. These teachers roles, teaching styles and relationships with their Thai students all impact instructional success and achievement in an intercultural classroom. Conflicts and tensions are expected in an intercultural classroom where diverse cultures meet. In order to enhance the quality of international education and explore classroom interactions, relationships, and conflicts; this study used qualitative in-depth interviews with 20 native English-speaking teachers and 20 Thai students at four international colleges in Thailand. The results indicate that when native English-speaking teachers and Thai students interacted, they encountered 3 dialectical tensions: stability/change, openness/closedness, and separation/connection. Additionally, they employed 6 different strategies; selection, cyclical alteration, segmentation, integrative reframing, integrative moderation, and indifference; to negotiate those tensions.
Chinese Students Perceptions Of Life In The U.S.
Authors: Ozturgut Osman
Published: March 2016

Fifty-six students studying at a Chinese college in a southern province were surveyed for this study and asked to describe their experiences if they were to wake up one day to find themselves in the United States as U.S. citizens. A content analysis was performed for the final analysis of the raw data. Chinese students views on the U.S. varied but mainly focused on the positive aspects of life in America. This researcher therefore concluded that Chinese students surveyed through this study did not have realistic views of life in the U.S.
Higher Education In Times Of Financial Distress: The Minnesota Experience
Authors: Severns Roger
Published: March 2016

Like many states, Minnesota has incurred large budget deficits during the past two years. Those deficits have, in turn, led to changes in a number of areas of state government, particularly higher education. Faculty have incurred pay freezes and layoffs, programs have closed, and tuition increased. Campuses within the MnSCU system have been allowed to find their own way in dealing with many of these problems, with the result that some approaches have worked better than others. This paper will chronicle some of the problems encountered and solutions attempted, and will evaluate various strategies used within the system from the perspective the Faculty Association. The intent is to provide insight into identifying preferred strategies when addressing similar situations in the future.