bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Masticatory Muscle Activity Over Time by Facial Skin Temperature Area During Gum Chewing
Authors: Nakamura Hidetaka , Hashimoto Kazuyoshi , Seki Takeshi , Takahashi Kei , Matsuda Hideto
Published: February 2022

Aim: The purpose of this study was to quantify the change in facial skin temperature during mastication, and analyze the two aspects of habitual masticatory side and masticatory ability, and to clarify the change of masticatory muscle activity over time. Method: Subjects were 23 healthy women (21.3±0.4 years old). An infrared thermography camera was used to measure the left and right facial skin temperatures at rest and when chewing gum. The subjects were given dental xylitol gum and freely chewed it at a rate of once per second for 15 minutes. Skin temperature was measured 5, 10, and 15 minutes after the start of chewing. The facial reference area was measured between 30 to 36°C with a resolution of 1°C per pixel. The habitual masticatory side was determined by the stopping method, and from the 2 minute rest facial skin temperature area of the habitual non-masticatory side, and two groups were formed according to chewing strength. Results: There were 13 subjects in the weak chewing group and 10 in the strong group, with no significant difference in age, height, weight, BMI, and body fat percentage. The skin temperature increased with chewing, but the increase was less on the habitual non-masticatory side than on the masticatory side. Although there was no difference in muscle activity between the habitual masticatory side of the strong and weak chewing group, the muscle activity on the non-masticatory side was less than on the habitual masticatory side in the weak chewing group. Conclusions: The amount of masticatory muscle activity at rest was classed as either strong or weak chewing ability, and muscle activity was examined on both the habitual masticatory side and the habitual non-masticatory side. This significant difference suggests that using thermography was useful for determining masticatory ability on the chewing muscle activity at rest. Furthermore, being able to determine muscle activity by measuring changes in the skin temperature area by thermography, suggests that the method used in this study was viable.
Intra-Oral Approach For Eagle Syndrome (Case Report)
Authors: Al-Awad Ali , Al-Assaf Maher , Ibrahim Sami
Published: February 2022

Eagle syndrome occur due to calcification of the stylohyoid ligament or elongation of styloid process, which then produce a pain in the jaw, back of throat, base of the tongue, ears, neck and face as well as difficulty swallowing and sensation of having a foreign object in the throat. Classic eagle syndrome is present on only one side; however, it may be present on both sides.
Studies on the Effect of Aqueous Seed Extracts of Parkia Biglobosa on The Histology and Glycogen Profile of The Epididymis of Wistar Rats
Authors: Udo-Affah Gabriel , Obeten Kebe E. , Adewale Adesanya O. , Okim Ajaba A.
Published: February 2022

This study was aimed at determining the effect of aqueous seed extract of Parkia biglobosa on the histology of the epidydimis of male wistar rats was studied. Twenty-one adult wistar rats weighing about 90-120g were use for this research work and were divided into three groups of 7 animals each. The control group was giving normal rat feed and water, the low dose group was administered (300mg/kgBw) of Parkia biglobosa extract and the high dose group was administered (500mg/kg) of the test substance. All extract were given daily by oral gavage method for thirty-one days. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, the animals in all the groups were sacrificed using cervical dislocation. The epidydimis were harvested, preserved, and fix in 10% buffer formalin and processed for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining methods for glycogen distribution. The result of the study shows a (P<0.05) significant increase in the final body weight of the treated animals when compared with their initial body weight. The histological observation showed normal cytoarchitecture of the epididymis in the Control group. There was observable pathological appearance in the epididymis of the low dose group. However, there were prominent distortions in the high dose animals that received 500mg/kgBw of the extract. Histochemical observation shows a moderate PAS staining in the control group. While the treated groups reveals mildly stained cytoarchitechture of the epididymis.
A Cross Cultural Examination of Prenatal Care and Birthing Practices
Authors: Peters Jessica , Logan Sophia , Sneed KB , Pathak Yashwant
Published: February 2022

Prenatal care is health care given to a pregnant woman and fetus until delivery, there is no set prenatal care routine nor are delivery practice, like women, each culture’s prenatal care and birthing practices unique. Both Eastern and Ayurvedic medicine use centuries-old techniques and beliefs from ancient times to today such as food taboos and suggestions. Some of these ancient prescriptions and treatments are disputed by modern medicine, whereas treatments such as Eastern Acupuncture or Ayurvedic Yoga have been found to be beneficial and have been implemented worldwide. This sharing and spread of knowledge helps the human race develop, a key focus of this literature review. Both the United States and Europe went from heavy reliance on midwives and community assistance to utilization of hospitals and advanced medical technology largely due to the historically high maternal and infant mortality rates. Contrastingly, Native Americans have yet to significantly change their prenatal and birthing practices. Indigenous mothers rely on superstitions, herbal remedies, and community to protect their unborn children. Sub-Saharan Africa has a high maternal mortality possibly due to mothers preferring to continue use of traditional birth attendants. African medicine has various cultural pregnancy practices such as food taboos and burying the placenta. The Middle East is plagued with wars undoubtedly bringing tremendous stress to expecting mothers which can be detrimental to the woman and fetus. Patient care may benefit worldwide from having culture practices taught in medical schools, and from health professionals practicing cultural humility.
COVID-19 Pandemic Spread and Containment: Perspectives
Authors: Riccardi Bruno , Resta Sergio
Published: February 2022

In this manuscript we will examine the health policies unambiguously adopted by all the world governments for the containment and the fight against the pandemic by SARS-Cov-2, and document why the exclusive use of vaccinations for the prevention of contagion, is ineffective or even harmful, neglecting effective and safe alternative therapies. Looking back over the past and recent epidemiological history of infectious diseases, we realize that although there are still many contagious diseases, much more fearsome than SARS-Cov-2, never before in these two years have such restrictive health policies been imposed. While all other diseases, both infectious and degenerative, have been obscured or overshadowed, they continue to be the main causes of global death. The subject that dominates the scenes and the information is the COVID-19 that seems the unique object of the attentions of scientists, and of the obituaries of the mass media. In this desolating scenario that will see millions of forgotten people die for all the other diseases now neglected, strikes the total accomplice indifference and intellectual apathy of scientists, with very few exceptions, who suffer without discussing or raising the appropriate criticism, the repetitive information and the dominant unique thinking of health and political authorities. It’s incredible to see how many of those scientists and doctors who have helped to unravel and combat all the other diseases are now silent in the face of this incredible tragedy.
The Brachial Plexus: Variations are The Rule
Authors: Elzawawy Ehab Mostafa
Published: February 2022

Anatomical variations of the brachial plexus are so common, it is crucial to look for them before surgical correction of the different injuries of the plexus and prior to supra or infraclavicular plexus block. This study was done to identify the variations of the brachial plexus and highlight their clinical significance. The materials of this study included 20 cadaveric specimens obtained from the Faculty of medicine, University of Alexandria which were dissected to find the variations of the different parts of the plexus. Variations were found in 90% of cases and involved all the stages of the plexus, prefixed pattern was found in 40% of cases, postfixed in 15% and both prefixed and postfixed in 5%. Anomalous formation of the trunks or cords as well as abnormal origin of the branches were detected. Communicating branches existed between the different parts of the plexus. The brachial plexus is very variable, even in the same person the right and left sides may not be similar. Disagreement exists between different studies as regards the location and description of the variations. The anatomical basis of brachial plexus variations should be kept in mind, especially when interpreting clinical symptoms following trauma or tumor events. The presence of variations can affect the decision and type of repair for brachial plexus injury.
Efficacy and Safety of Autologous Platelets Concentrate in the Treatment of Crow's Feet Photo Aging
Authors: Trujillo Israel Alfonso , Leon Yetter Cruz , Pineda Mariana Sarao , Hernández Nora Rosales , Morales Novo Yaquelin Luciana , De la Campa Jesus Lazaro Diego , Gutierrez Rojas Angel Rosa , López Silva Julio Antonio , Almaguer Daymi Serpa
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous serum that contains high concentrations of platelets and growth factors. It is currently a versatile therapy in dermatology; however, few studies objectively evaluate its efficacy. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intradermal microinjection of autologous platelet concentrate (APC) in the treatment of crow's feet rejuvenation. Method: An observational, analytical and longitudinal study was carried out in 60 patients from the Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico: “Hermanos Ameijeiras”, in the period between March 1, 2017 and March 31, 2020. The treatment was applied monthly. for 1 year. The final evaluation was carried out 3 months after the end of the treatment. Results: 60 women with an average age of 45 ± 4.3 years were treated. After treatment, there were significant changes in the Glogau Photo Damage Scale (P = 0.0022), in the Photonumeric Scale to assess the severity of crow's feet (P = 0.0111) and in the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale. (P = 0.0033). The adverse events found were pain, inflammation and ecchymosis. The degree of satisfaction reported by the patients was good (16.6%) and very good (83.3%) (P = 0.0021). Conclusions: The autologous platelet concentrate proved to be effective and safe in reducing the signs of cutaneous aging of crow's feet, associated with a high degree of patient satisfaction.
Membrane-Active Antibacterial Agents Based on Calix[4]arene Derivatives: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Fang Shanfang , Dang Yuan-Ye , Li Haizhou , Li Hongxia , Liu Jiayong , Zhong Rongcui , Chen Yongzhi , Liu Shouping , Lin Shuimu
Published: February 2022

Bacteria have developed increasing resistance to currently used antimicrobial agents. New classes of antimicrobial drugs are urgently required to fight drug-resistant pathogens. Here, we designed and synthesized a series of calix[4]arene derivatives as antibacterial agents by biomimicking the structural properties and biological functions of antibacterial peptides. After introducing cationic hydrophilic moieties and preliminary structural optimization, we obtained a lead compound (16) that exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, low toxicity toward mammalian cells and poor hemolytic activity. The antibacterial mechanism studies showed that compound 16 can destroy bacterial cell membrane directly, leading to bacterial death and a low tendency to develop bacterial resistance.
A Novel Sutureless Integrated Stented (SIS) Graft Prosthesis for Type A Aortic Dissection: A Pilot Study for a Prospective, Multicenter Clinical Trial
Authors: Dai Lu , Qiu Jiawei , Zhao Rui , Cao Fangfang , Qiu Juntao , Wang De , Fan Shuya , Xie Enzehua , Song Jian , Yu Cuntao
Published: February 2022

Aims

Various kinds of surgical strategies and prostheses have been advocated to improve short-term and long-term outcomes in type A aortic dissection (TAAD). Large-scale repair of the pathological aorta is hard to generalize due to complex procedures. We aimed to investigate the performance, effectiveness and safety of a novel Sutureless Integrated Stented (SIS) graft prosthesis in TAAD patients undergoing total arch replacement (TAR) and frozen elephant trunk (FET) implantation surgery.

Methods

All patients admitted to Fuwai Hospital were prospectively screened. Urgent or scheduled surgery was arranged for eligible patients. The primary endpoint was operative mortality. Key secondary endpoints included stroke, spinal cord injury, unexpected aortic reoperation, and 1-year survival. Discharged patients were followed up with computed tomography angiography and transthoracic echocardiography at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery. Performance, effectiveness and safety analyses were performed in those patients.

Results

Between August 1 and September 3, 2020, ten TAAD patients were enrolled in this study and successfully implanted with the SIS graft prosthesis. The median (IQR) age was 56.50 (43.75, 66.75) years (range from 31 to 75), and seven patients were male (70.0%). All patients underwent ascending aorta replacement + TAR + FET and additional procedures when necessary. The median (IQR) operation time, cardiopulmonary bypass time and cross clamp time were 270.50 (218.50, 312.50), 110.00 (88.00, 125.75), 69.50 (51.25, 82.75) min, respectively. Of note, the median (IQR) circulatory arrest time was 9.00 (8.00, 9.00) min (range from 4 to 12). The median (IQR) lowest nasopharyngeal temperature was 26.75 (25.98, 27.67) °C. Follow-up was 100% completed. During the 1-year follow-up, no patients died, no severe adverse events occurred, and rate of freedom from aortic reintervention was 100%.

Conclusions

The SIS graft prosthesis was implanted in a novel sutureless way, which simplified the surgical procedure, shortened the circulatory arrest time and avoided deep hypothermia. The preliminary clinical outcomes and follow-up outcomes demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of this prosthesis. A large-scale trial is being conducted to further assess these findings.
Dual Function of a in vivo Albumin-Labeling Tracer for Assessment of Blood Perfusion and Vascular Permeability in Peripheral Arterial Disease by PET
Authors: Sun Zhongchan , Tong Guang , Liu Yuanhui , Fan Hualin , He Weibin , Wang Bo , Xia Shuang , He Pengcheng
Published: February 2022

Background

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) leads to tissue ischemia in the extremities. Enhanced vascular permeability plays a critical role in targeted delivery of drugs for effective therapeutic angiogenesis and resultant blood perfusion recovery. However, optimal tracers for evaluating this process in PAD patients are lacking. At this time, we employed a novel in vivo albumin-labeling tracer of dual function, termed as 18F-NEB, to assess blood perfusion as well as vascular permeability by positron emission tomography (PET).

Methods and Results

After successful establishment of mouse hindlimb ischemia (HI) model, static PET imaging was performed 15 min and 2 h post injection (p.i.) of 18F-NEB at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days post-surgery respectively. Gradual recovery of blood supply was detected by PET scan 15 min p.i. and collaborated by serial Laser Doppler. In addition, the highest vascular permeability observed by high local uptake of 18F-NEB at 2 h p.i. was consistent with histological examinations. Furthermore, we quantitatively evaluated the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulus on vascular permeability and blood perfusion by PET scan using 18F-NEB probe in HI model, which were also confirmed by immunohistological results.

Conclusion

The application of 18F-NEB probe alone by PET can successfully achieve dual imaging of blood perfusion as well as vascular permeability at different time points p.i. and monitor their responses to therapy in PAD model. The simple labeling approach and multipurpose feature suggest the great promise of using this imaging probe in theranostic applications for treating ischemic disease.
Left Ventricular Strains and Myocardial Work in Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Paysal Justine , Merlin Etienne , Terral Daniel , Chalard Aurélie , Rochette Emmanuelle , Obert Philippe , Nottin Stéphane
Published: February 2022

Background

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is accompanied by bradycardia, low blood pressure (BP) and cardiac morphological remodeling. Systolic and diastolic functions are relatively preserved when assessed by standard ultrasound methods. However, novel advances based on speckle tracking echocardiography (STE), that could detect subtle and early alterations of left ventricular (LV) function, remained poorly used in AN patients.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the cardiac function of AN patients by evaluating LV myocardial strains, myocardial work (MW) and LV mechanical dispersion. We hypothesized that LV strains and global myocardial work would be decreased and LV twisting mechanisms enhanced to preserve the systolic function.

Methods

Fifty-nine adolescents including 26 women AN patients (14.6 ± 1.9 yrs. old) with a mean duration of AN of 19 ± 9 months and 33 controls (14.1 ± 2.0 yrs. old) underwent STE to assess LV morphology and myocardial regional strains.

Results

The global longitudinal strain (GLS) was higher in AN patients compared to controls (−18.8 ± 2.0 vs. −16.9 ± 2.8%, p = 0.006). The area under the pressure-strain loop, representing the global MW was not altered but was shifted to the left and downwards in AN patients, due to their lower BP and higher GLS. Intraventricular mechanical dispersion was similar in both groups. Circumferential strains, twisting/untwisting mechanics were preserved.

Conclusion

Our results strongly support that the cardiac morphological remodeling observed in our AN patients was associated with normal ventricular regional myocardial functions. Only GLS was higher in AN patients, but its clinical significance remains to be demonstrated.
Preliminary Considerations on the Development of a Bicultural Trilingual Education Model for Deaf Children in the Tunisian Context
Authors: Nefaa Aymen , Boutora Leila , Gala Nuria
Published: February 2022

Deaf educational methods have been the subject of controversy among advocates of the oralist and the bilingual approaches for centuries. Over the past decades, the bilingual-bicultural method has proved its effectiveness in facilitating formal school learning and downscaling a higher rate of illiteracy compared to the hearing population. The bilingual-bicultural model in Western countries is designed and implemented in predominantly monolingual contexts or multilingual contexts with a dominant majority language. It aims at providing deaf learners with a simultaneous dual access to the deaf and hearing cultures through sign language and the written form of the majority spoken language. The objective of this dual access is to create a balanced form of bilingualism which will reinforce literacy development. In the Western context, the relative proximity of the written and spoken forms of the majority language allows the written form to function as a means of access to the socio-cultural heritage of the hearing community and to develop a sufficient degree of autonomy in a world where literacy became crucial. The application of the Western bilingual-bicultural model may at first glance seem tempting to mitigate a significant rate of illiteracy affecting 98% of the deaf Tunisian population. However, the diglossic situation in Tunisia, and in the Maghreb countries in general, rests upon the existence of two linguistic forms exhibiting considerable linguistic differences. On one hand, the Tunisian Dialectal Arabic (TDA) is the spoken form, and is the vehicle for the Tunisian socio-cultural heritage transmission. On the other hand, the written form, Modern Standard Arabic (AMS), assumes the role of institutional and literacy language. This particular situation requires a specific educational framework different from the classical bilingual-bicultural approach. We hypothesize that without taking into account Tunisian Dialectal Arabic, learners will not access the Tunisian hearing culture. This situation will potentially hinder literacy development in Modern Standard Arabic. Our article puts forward a trilingual-bicultural educational model adapted to the Tunisian diglossic situation. It includes TSL, and written ADT, as representatives of the deaf and hearing cultures which will both contribute to a more fluid development in a third language, written MSA, as the literacy language.
History of Recurrent Implantation Failure is Associated With the Incidence of Adverse Perinatal Outcomes in Singleton Live Births Following Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer Cycles
Authors: Li Na , Guan Yichun , Liu Junjie , Ren Bingnan , Du Yulin , Wang Kexin , Zhang Yongjie , Lou Hua
Published: February 2022

Objective

To investigate whether patients with a history of recurrent implantation failure (RIF) are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes in singleton live births following frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

This study analyzed the obstetric and neonatal outcomes of patients with and without a history of RIF who underwent FET cycles in a single reproductive center between January 2017 and October 2020. A total of 1,100 women with singleton live births beyond 28 weeks of gestation were included. The primary outcome measures were perinatal outcomes, especially gestational age, birthweight, preterm birth (PTB), large for gestational age (LGA), small for gestational age (SGA), congenital malformation rates, and premature rupture of the membranes (PROM). Multiple logistic regression was used to establish relationships between RIF and adverse perinatal outcomes after adjusting for relevant baseline demographics and cycle characteristics.

Result(s)

The RIF group showed a preferred transfer of two embryos and cleavage embryos compared with the control group (P <0.05). Regarding perinatal outcomes in singleton deliveries, women with RIF had increased rates of LBW (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.027; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.025–4.009), PTB (aOR 1.785; 95% CI, 1.050–3.036), and PROM (aOR 2.259; 95% CI, 1.142–4.467). The incidence of congenital malformations was similar between the two groups (4.1% vs. 2.4%; P = 0.759). Furthermore, multiple intrauterine procedures were associated with a statistically significant increased risk of PROM in RIF patients (aOR 1.537; 95% CI, 1.105–2.137).

Conclusions

Women with a history of RIF were associated with an increased risk of LBW, PTB, and PROM in singleton live births after FET cycles. In addition, multiple intrauterine procedures were independent risk factors for PROM.
Prediction and Verification of Epimedium Flavonoids With Different Glycosylation Numbers in Reversing Glucocorticoid-Induced Bone Formation Inhibition by Molecular Docking and Zebrafish
Authors: Jiang Jun , Xiao Jianpeng , He Jinjin , Cai Zhihui , Chen Jianping , Yin Jiangning
Published: February 2022

Glucocorticoids have been detected in environmental waters, and their biological potency has raised concerns on their impact on aquatic vertebrates especially fish. Numerous researches showed that the continuous and direct contact of aquatic vertebrates with glucocorticoid contaminants in environmental water will cause bone formation inhibition. The aim of this study is to predict and verify the effect of icaritin (IT), icariin (ICA), and baohuside-I (BHG-I) in reversing glucocorticoid-induced bone formation inhibition (GIBFI) by molecular docking and zebrafish model. We contrasted their activity in reversing GIBFI from their affinity to bone metabolism proteins (OPG, RANKL, BMP-2, BMP-4, Runx-2) by molecular docking. Subsequently, zebrafish model was adopted to evaluate their reverse effects on GIBFI. Alizarin red staining coupled with image quantification were performed to evaluate the effects of ICA, IT, and BHG-I on skeleton stained area (SSA) and cumulative optical density (COD). Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was applied to determine the contents of bone mineral elements (CBME, Mg, K, Ca, Fe, Zn) in zebrafish bones. Docking results showed the receptors (BMP-2, BMP-4, and Runx2) all combined well to ICA, while BHG-I bound well to OPG, the affinity between IT and the above targets were the weakest. Fortunately, IT, ICA, and BHG-I significantly increased the SSA, COD, and the contents of Ca compared with the model group (p < 0.05) in the order of IT>ICA>BHG-I. In conclusion, the glycosyl groups increased the H-bond affinity between flavonoids and target sites, which weakened bone formation. IT, BHG-I, and ICA all alleviated GIBFI, but their intensity order was IT>ICA>BHG-I.
Sounding the Call for a Global Library of Underwater Biological Sounds
Authors: Parsons Miles J. G. , Lin Tzu-Hao , Mooney T. Aran , Erbe Christine , Juanes Francis , Lammers Marc , Li Songhai , Linke Simon , Looby Audrey , Nedelec Sophie L. , Van Opzeeland Ilse , Radford Craig , Rice Aaron N. , Sayigh Laela , Stanley Jenni , Urban Edward , Di Iorio Lucia
Published: February 2022

Aquatic environments encompass the world’s most extensive habitats, rich with sounds produced by a diversity of animals. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is an increasingly accessible remote sensing technology that uses hydrophones to listen to the underwater world and represents an unprecedented, non-invasive method to monitor underwater environments. This information can assist in the delineation of biologically important areas via detection of sound-producing species or characterization of ecosystem type and condition, inferred from the acoustic properties of the local soundscape. At a time when worldwide biodiversity is in significant decline and underwater soundscapes are being altered as a result of anthropogenic impacts, there is a need to document, quantify, and understand biotic sound sources–potentially before they disappear. A significant step toward these goals is the development of a web-based, open-access platform that provides: (1) a reference library of known and unknown biological sound sources (by integrating and expanding existing libraries around the world); (2) a data repository portal for annotated and unannotated audio recordings of single sources and of soundscapes; (3) a training platform for artificial intelligence algorithms for signal detection and classification; and (4) a citizen science-based application for public users. Although individually, these resources are often met on regional and taxa-specific scales, many are not sustained and, collectively, an enduring global database with an integrated platform has not been realized. We discuss the benefits such a program can provide, previous calls for global data-sharing and reference libraries, and the challenges that need to be overcome to bring together bio- and ecoacousticians, bioinformaticians, propagation experts, web engineers, and signal processing specialists (e.g., artificial intelligence) with the necessary support and funding to build a sustainable and scalable platform that could address the needs of all contributors and stakeholders into the future.
Genome-Wide Evolution and Comparative Analysis of Superoxide Dismutase Gene Family in Cucurbitaceae and Expression Analysis of Lagenaria siceraria Under Multiple Abiotic Stresses
Authors: Rehman Shamsur , Rashid Arif , Manzoor Muhammad Aamir , Li Lingling , Sun Weibo , Riaz Muhammad Waheed , Li Dawei , Zhuge Qiang
Published: February 2022

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an important enzyme that serves as the first line of defense in the plant antioxidant system and removes reactive oxygen species (ROS) under adverse conditions. The SOD protein family is widely distributed in the plant kingdom and plays a significant role in plant growth and development. However, the comprehensive analysis of the SOD gene family has not been conducted in Cucurbitaceae. Subsequently, 43 SOD genes were identified from Cucurbitaceae species [Citrullus lanatus (watermelon), Cucurbita pepo (zucchini), Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd), Cucumis melo (melon)]. According to evolutionary analysis, SOD genes were divided into eight subfamilies (I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII). The gene structure analysis exhibited that the SOD gene family had comparatively preserved exon/intron assembly and motif as well. Phylogenetic and structural analysis revealed the functional divergence of Cucurbitaceae SOD gene family. Furthermore, microRNAs 6 miRNAs were predicted targeting 3 LsiSOD genes. Gene ontology annotation outcomes confirm the role of LsiSODs under different stress stimuli, cellular oxidant detoxification processes, metal ion binding activities, SOD activity, and different cellular components. Promoter regions of the SOD family revealed that most cis-elements were involved in plant development, stress response, and plant hormones. Evaluation of the gene expression showed that most SOD genes were expressed in different tissues (root, flower, fruit, stem, and leaf). Finally, the expression profiles of eight LsiSOD genes analyzed by qRT-PCR suggested that these genetic reserves responded to drought, saline, heat, and cold stress. These findings laid the foundation for further study of the role of the SOD gene family in Cucurbitaceae. Also, they provided the potential for its use in the genetic improvement of Cucurbitaceae.
Effects of miR-103a-3p Targeted Regulation of TRIM66 Axis on Docetaxel Resistance and Glycolysis in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Yi Qiang , Wei Junfeng , Li Yangzhou
Published: February 2022

Objective: We aimed to study the expressions of miR-103a-3p and TRIM66 in prostate cancer (PCa) cells, explore the direct target genes of miR-103a-3p, and analyze the effects of miR-103a-3p targeted regulation of the TRIM66 axis on docetaxel (DTX) resistance and glycolysis of PCa cells.

Methods: Human normal prostate cells and PCa cells were used to detect the expressions of miR-103a-3p and TRIM66 and analyze their relationship. DTX-resistant (DR) PCa cells were established and transfected with miR-103a-3p and TRIM66 plasmids. The MTT assay, the plate cloning assay, the wound healing assay, and the Transwell assay were used to detect cell viability, colony formation, cell migration, and cell invasion, respectively. Cell glycolysis was analyzed using a cell glycolysis kit.

Results: The expression of miR-103a-3p was low and that of TRIM66 was high in PCa cells. MiR-103a-3p had a binding site with TRIM66, and the double luciferase report confirmed that they had a targeting relationship. Compared with the PCa group cells, the DTX-resistant group cells showed increased resistance to DTX. The resistance index was 13.33, and the doubling time of the DTX-resistant group cells was significantly longer than that of the PCa group cells. The DTX-resistant group showed more obvious low expression of miR-103a-3p and high expression of TRIM66. After the DTX-resistant group cells were transfected with miR-103a-3p and TRIM66 plasmids, the expression of miR-103a-3p increased significantly and that of TRIM66 decreased significantly. Upregulation of miR-103a-3p and interference with TRIM66 can inhibit the proliferation, metastasis, and glycolysis of DTX-resistant cells.

Conclusion: The expression of miR-103a-3p was downregulated and that of TRIM66 was upregulated in the malignant progression of PCa, especially during DTX resistance. Upregulation of miR-103a-3p and interference with TRIM66 can inhibit DTX resistance and glycolysis of PCa cells. Targeting TRIM66 may provide potential application value in molecular therapy for PCa.
Induction of Semi-Dwarf Trait to a Three Pistil Tall Mutant Through Breeding With Increased Grain Numbers in Wheat
Authors: Irshad Ahsan , Guo Huijun , Ur Rehman Shoaib , Gu Jiayu , Ahmed Rana Imtiaz , Hussain Manzoor , Ammar Ali , Ali Imtiaz , Zafar Akash , Wang Chaojie , Zhou Chunyun , Qiu Lin , Liu Luxiang
Published: February 2022

Multi-ovary wheat (three pistil) is a unique germplasm for the seed production of hybrid wheat. The purpose of the present study was to transfer the multi-ovary trait to semi-dwarf plants to increase the production of grains in wheat crops. Therefore, tall, semi-dwarf, and dwarf plants were crossed with plants with the three-pistil trait. A three-pistil tall plant was used as the female parent, while tall (Synthetic hexaploid), semi-dwarf, and dwarf plants were used as male parents. F1 and F2 progenies with parents were planted in 2015-16 using RCBD. The outcome of the crosses showed that multi-ovary tall plants gave significant difference for all five traits (days to maturity, plant height, number of seeds per spike, grain weight per spike, and grain yield per unit area) in both generations. The greatest number of grains per spike and grain yield per unit area were obtained from the cross of three-pistil tall and dwarf parent (P1/P6) in the F1 and F2 generations. The cross also resulted in a significant reduction in height (96 cm). Further heterosis studies conducted with crosses between three-pistil tall and dwarf parent (P1/P6) showed the greatest heterosis and heterobeltiosis for the number of grains per spike (60.0 and 26.19%, respectively) and grain yield per m2 (27.68 and 2.85%, respectively). In the case of grain weight per spike, the heterosis value was also positive and significant (17.7). Meanwhile, for other traits, their values were negative for heterosis and heterobeltiosis. High numbers of grains and grain weight were found to be associated with positive heterobeltiosis and in turn the grain yield per m2, but plant height and maturity had negative affirmation with heterobeltiosis. Heterosis studies also indicated the dominant gene action for the three-pistil trait. Thus, the study clearly signified that grain yield can be increased by using the multi-ovary genotype with the semi-dwarf height. This new germplasm will be helpful for breeders to increase the production of wheat crops in the southern climate of Pakistan.
Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites as Potential Clinical Biomarkers in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Gáspár Renáta , Halmi Dóra , Demján Virág , Berkecz Róbert , Pipicz Márton , Csont Tamás
Published: February 2022

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Several risk factors including unhealthy lifestyle, genetic background, obesity, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, smoking, age, etc. contribute to the development of coronary atherosclerosis and subsequent coronary artery disease. Inflammation plays an important role in coronary artery disease development and progression. Pro-inflammatory signals promote the degradation of tryptophan via the kynurenine pathway resulting in the formation of several immunomodulatory metabolites. An unbalanced kynurenic pathway has been implicated in the pathomechanisms of various diseases including CAD. Significant improvements in detection methods in the last decades may allow simultaneous measurement of multiple metabolites of the kynurenine pathway and such a thorough analysis of the kynurenine pathway may be a valuable tool for risk stratification and determination of CAD prognosis. Nevertheless, imbalance in the activities of different branches of the kynurenine pathway may require careful interpretation. In this review, we aim to summarize clinical evidence supporting a possible use of kynurenine pathway metabolites as clinical biomarkers in various manifestations of CAD.
Myeloperoxidase Deficiency Alters the Process of the Regulated Cell Death of Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils
Authors: Kremserová Silvie , Kocurková Anna , Chorvátová Michaela , Klinke Anna , Kubala Lukáš
Published: February 2022

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) play a key role in host defense. However, their massive accumulation at the site of inflammation can delay regenerative healing processes and can initiate pathological inflammatory processes. Thus, the efficient clearance of PMNs mediated by the induction of regulated cell death is a key process preventing the development of these pathological conditions. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a highly abundant enzyme in PMN granules, primarily connected with PMN defense machinery, is suggested to play a role in PMN-regulated cell death. However, the contribution of MPO to the mechanisms of PMN cell death remains incompletely characterized. Herein, the process of the cell death of mouse PMNs induced by three different stimuli – phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), opsonized streptococcus (OST), and N-formyl-met-leu-phe (fMLP) – was investigated. MPO-deficient PMNs revealed a significantly decreased rate of cell death characterized by phosphatidylserine surface exposure and cell membrane permeabilization. An inhibitor of MPO activity, 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide, did not exhibit a significant effect on PMA-induced cell death compared to MPO deficiency. Interestingly, only the limited activation of markers related to apoptotic cell death was observed (e.g. caspase 8 activation, Bax expression) and they mostly did not correspond to phosphatidylserine surface exposure. Furthermore, a marker characterizing autophagy, cleavage of LC3 protein, as well as histone H3 citrullination and its surface expression was observed. Collectively, the data show the ability of MPO to modulate the life span of PMNs primarily through the potentiation of cell membrane permeabilization and phosphatidylserine surface exposure.
The Recombinant Eg.P29-Mediated miR-126a-5p Promotes the Differentiation of Mouse Naive CD4+ T Cells via DLK1-Mediated Notch1 Signal Pathway
Authors: Du Xiancai , Zhu Mingxing , Zhang Tingrui , Wang Chan , Tao Jia , Yang Songhao , Zhu Yazhou , Zhao Wei
Published: February 2022

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease spread worldwide caused by Echinococcus granulosus (Eg), which sometimes causes serious damage; however, in many cases, people are not aware that they are infected. A number of recombinant vaccines based on Eg are used to evaluate their effectiveness against the infection. Our previous report showed that recombinant Eg.P29 (rEg.P29) has a marvelous immunoprotection and can induce Th1 immune response. Furthermore, data of miRNA microarray in mice spleen CD4+ T cells showed that miR-126a-5p was significantly elevated 1 week after immunization by using rEg.P29. Therefore, in this perspective, we discussed the role of miR-126a-5p in the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into Th1/Th2 under rEg.P29 immunization and determined the mechanisms associated with delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) and Notch1 signaling pathway. One week after P29 immunization of mice, we found that miR-126a-5p was significantly increased and DLK1 expression was decreased, while Notch1 pathway activation was enhanced and Th1 response was significantly stronger. The identical conclusion was obtained by overexpression of mmu-miR-126a-5p in primary naive CD4+ T cells in mice. Intriguingly, mmu-miR-126a-5p was significantly raised in serum from mice infected with protoscolex in the early stages of infection and markedly declined in the late stages of infection, while has-miR-126-5p expression was dramatically reduced in serum from CE patients. Taken together, we show that miR-126a-5p functions as a positive regulator of Notch1-mediated differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Th1 through downregulating DLK1 in vivo and in vitro. Hsa-miR-126-5p is potentially a very promising diagnostic biomarker for CE.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Tumors Harboring Homologous Recombination Deficiency: Challenges in Attaining Efficacy
Authors: Silva Saulo Brito , Wanderley Carlos Wagner S. , Colli Leandro Machado
Published: February 2022

Cancer cells harbor genomic instability due to accumulated DNA damage, one of the cancer hallmarks. At least five major DNA Damage Repair (DDR) pathways are recognized to repair DNA damages during different stages of the cell cycle, comprehending base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER), mismatch repair (MMR), homologous recombination (HR), and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). The unprecedented benefits achieved with immunological checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in tumors with mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) have prompted efforts to extend this efficacy to tumors with HR deficiency (HRD), which are greatly sensitive to chemotherapy or PARP inhibitors, and also considered highly immunogenic. However, an in-depth understanding of HRD’s molecular underpinnings has pointed to essential singularities that might impact ICIs sensitivity. Here we address the main molecular aspects of HRD that underlie a differential profile of efficacy and resistance to the treatment with ICIs compared to other DDR deficiencies.
Life History of the Diatom Schizostauron trachyderma: Cell Size and Lipid Accumulation
Authors: Górecka Ewa , Dąbek Przemysław , Davidovich Nikolai , Davidovich Olga , Tremblay Réjean , Belzile Claude , Gastineau Romain , Witkowski Andrzej
Published: February 2022

The focus of this study was to determine the mating type of Schizostauron trachyderma and examine the relationship between cell size (life cycle), lipid droplet size, and lipid content among diatoms with similar cell dimensions. To accomplish that, we have chosen monoclonal cultures of two closely related diatom species, namely S. trachyderma and S. rawaii. In a series of experiments, we successfully induced sexual reproduction within S. trachyderma strains to reconstruct the whole cell cycle involving cells of the maximum (initial cells) and minimum viable size for a given species. The mating-type and sexual reproduction stages were described and documented. A unique experimental setting involved initial cell isolation and their lipid droplet examination using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy after Nile Red staining. The results of the series of experiments indicate correlations between cell size, the number of neutral lipids per cell, and the size of lipid droplets, suggesting that cell capacity for lipid accumulation is dependent on their position in the life cycle.
Assessing the Distribution and Sustainable Exploitation of Lophius litulon in Marine Areas Off Shandong, China
Authors: Zhang Zhaopeng , Wang Yuanchao , Liu Shude , Liang Cui , Xian Weiwei
Published: February 2022

In recent years, the proportion and economic value of Lophius litulon (family Lophiidae) in the coastal fishery off Shandong Province, China has increased. In this study, we mapped the distribution of L. litulon abundance [catch per unit effort (CPUE)] and applied a generalized additive model (GAM) to explore the relationship between CPUE and environmental factors. Two data-limited methods (the BSM related to the CMSY method and the AMSY method) were used to evaluate the stock status and relevant fishery reference points of L. litulon. The results showed that the L. litulon stock was concentrated in the central Yellow Sea, at 34.0°–37.0° N and 121.0°–124.0° E, and the highest average CPUE of L. litulon in this area occurred in winter. The three most significant environmental factors affecting species abundance were bottom temperature, bottom salinity, and depth. L. litulon was most abundant when bottom temperature ranged from 5.8 to 10.6°C, depth was > 18 m, and bottom salinity varied from 31.0 to 33.2‰. The BSM and AMSY models indicated that the L. litulon stock was unhealthy and had been overfished in recent years, as its biomass remained below the level that can support maximum sustainable yield. The relative exploitation ratios were also high. These results provide the basic data for improving sustainability of the exploitation of L. litulon in the Yellow and Bohai Seas.
Investigations on Strong-Tuned Magnetocaloric Effect in La0.5Ca0.1Ag0.4MnO3
Authors: Hamad Mahmoud A. , Alamri Hatem R.
Published: February 2022

The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of La0.5Ca0.1Ag0.4MnO3 (LCAMO) is simulated using a phenomenological model (PM). The LCAMO MCE parameters are calculated as the results of simulations for magnetization vs. temperature at different values of external magnetic field (Hext). The temperature range of MCE in LCAMO grew as the variation in Hext increased, eventually covering the room temperature at high Hext values. The MCE of LCAMO is tunable with the variation of Hext, proving that LCAMO is practically more helpful as a magnetocaloric (MC) material for the development of magnetic refrigerators in an extensive temperature range, including room temperature and lower and higher ones. The MCE parameters of LCAMO are practically greater than those of some MC samples in earlier works.
Medical Students' and Trainees' Country-By-Gender Profiles: Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Across Sixteen Diverse Countries
Authors: Monrouxe Lynn V. , Chandratilake Madawa , Chen Julie , Chhabra Shakuntala , Zheng Lingbing , Costa Patrício S. , Lee Young-Mee , Karnieli-Miller Orit , Nishigori Hiroshi , Ogden Kathryn , Pawlikowska Teresa , Riquelme Arnoldo , Sethi Ahsan , Soemantri Diantha , Wearn Andy , Wolvaardt Liz , Yusoff Muhamad Saiful Bahri , Yau Sze-Yuen
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The global mobility of medical student and trainee populations has drawn researchers' attention to consider internationalization in medical education. Recently, researchers have focused on cultural diversity, predominately drawing on Hofstede's cross-cultural analysis of cultural dimensions from general population data to explain their findings. However, to date no research has been specifically undertaken to examine cultural dimensions within a medical student or trainee population. This is problematic as within-country differences between gender and professional groups have been identified within these dimensions. We address this gap by drawing on the theoretical concept of national context effects: specifically Hofstede's six-dimensional perspective. In doing so we examine medical students' and trainees' country profiles across dimensions, country-by-gender clustering, and differences between our data and Hofstede's general population data.

Methods

We undertook a cross-cultural online questionnaire study (eight languages) containing Hofstede's 2013 Values Survey. Our questionnaire was live between 1st March to 19th Aug 2018, and December 2018 to mitigate country holiday periods. We recruited undergraduate medical students and trainees with at least 6-months' clinical training using school-specific methods including emails, announcements, and snowballing.

Results

We received 2,529 responses. Sixteen countries were retained for analyses (n = 2,307, 91%): Australia, Chile, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Pakistan, South Africa, South Korea, Sri-Lanka, Taiwan. Power distance and masculinity are homogenous across countries. Uncertainty avoidance shows the greatest diversity. We identified four country clusters. Masculinity and uncertainty are uncorrelated with Hofstede's general population data.

Conclusions

Our medical student and trainee data provides medical education researchers with more appropriate cultural dimension profiles than those from general population data. Country cluster profiles stimulate useful hypotheses for further research, especially as patterning between clusters cuts across traditional Eastern-Western divides with national culture being stronger than gendered influences. The Uncertainty dimension with its complex pattern across clusters is a particularly fruitful avenue for further investigation.