bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporary balloon occlusion test can overestimate the risk of acute pulmonary edema after transcatheter atrial septal defect closure
Authors: Nakagawa Koji , Akagi Teiji , Takaya Yoichi , Miki Takashi , Kijima Yasufumi , Nakayama Rie , Toh Norihisa , Nishii Nobuhiro , Nakamura Kazufumi , Morita Hiroshi , Ito Hiroshi
Published: January 2023

Background

Atrial septal defect (ASD) closure can cause acute pulmonary edema. Before transcatheter closure is performed, temporary balloon occlusion test (BOT) is recommended in patients with left ventricular dysfunction to predict the risk of pulmonary edema. However, the accuracy of BOT has not been verified. This study aimed to compare hemodynamic differences between BOT and transcatheter closure.

Methods

A total of 42 patients with a single ASD over age 18 years who underwent BOT before transcatheter ASD closure between October 2010 and May 2020 were analyzed. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) was measured using a Swan−Ganz catheter placed in the pulmonary artery at baseline, after 10 min of BOT, and after transcatheter closure. Amplatzer septal occluder was used for all transcatheter closures.

Results

Mean patient age was 64 ± 18 years (range, 18−78). Mean ASD diameter and pulmonary to systemic flow ratio were 18 ± 5 and 2.8 ± 1.0 mm, respectively. Mean PCWP at baseline, during BOT, and after transcatheter closure was 8.9 ± 2.9, 13.5 ± 4.2, and 9.5 ± 2.6 mmHg, respectively. The difference between BOT and after transcatheter closure values was significant (p < 0.001). During BOT, PCWP increased ≥18 mmHg in 7 patients, whereas after ASD closure, PCWP was <18 mmHg in all 7 and none developed acute pulmonary edema.

Conclusion

Temporary balloon occlusion of an ASD and transcatheter ASD closure result in different hemodynamic change. BOT overestimates increase of PCWP after transcatheter ASD closure and requires careful interpretation. Well‐designed, larger studies in higher‐risk patients are warranted to verify the clinical implications of BOT in more detail.
A very rare vascular complication of the Edwards expandable eSheath during transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Savvoulidis Panagiotis , Nadir Adnan M. , Mechery Anthony , Doshi Sagar N.
Published: January 2023

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has revolutionized the management of severe symptomatic aortic valve stenosis. TAVR is now indicated as an alternative to surgical replacement in a wide risk profile ranging from high to low surgical risk. Although vascular complications have decreased in frequency over time, with the introduction of lower profile delivery systems and sheaths, they remain one of the most frequently encountered and serious complications of TAVR. Patient‐specific predisposing factors have been well characterized. However, much less is known about device‐specific complications. Awareness of the possible device‐related complications may lead to earlier identification, prompt management, and better outcomes. We report a previously unreported complication of the Edwards expandable eSheath that lead to avulsion of the external iliac artery following successful TAVR with a 29‐mm Edwards Sapien 3 transcatheter heart valve. Bleeding was promptly controlled with an occlusion balloon and emergency surgical repair was required with a favorable outcome.
Electrochemical oxidation of the increasingly used disinfectant benzalkonium chloride
Authors: Hughes Kara , Han Weiqi , Yargeau Viviane , Omanovic Sasha
Published: January 2023

Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is a key ingredient in many cleaning and disinfectant products due to it being an effective antiviral and biocidal agent. Because of its prolific use, especially following the recent global COVID pandemic, increased levels of BAC have been found in the environment, in particular, in wastewater, where it has negative impacts due to its toxicity. This necessitates an effective treatment for BAC in wastewater to reduce its toxicity. In this work, electrochemical oxidation of BAC on a boron‐doped diamond anode was studied to successfully remove BAC. The electrochemical measurements performed at different current densities confirmed that BAC was completely oxidized within 20 min of treatment at 50 mA/cm2. However, chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurements showed that around 50% of the initial BAC was completely mineralized after 1 h of degradation at 50 mA/cm2, while the remaining electrooxidation of BAC resulted in the production of transformation products.
Energy efficiency optimization routing decision scheme in three‐dimensional wireless ad hoc network
Authors: Liu Dakun , Chen Guifen , Wang Yijun
Published: January 2023

In recent years, many realistic wireless ad hoc networks (WANETs) have taken on three‐dimensional characteristics due to the implementation of various structures such as viaducts, tunnels, and overpasses. An increasing amount of work has also been devoted to studying the challenges posed by 3D vanet scenarios. And research on routing methods for 3D vanet scenarios is a hot topic. However, the three‐dimensional scene routing decision schemes have some problems, such as low data transmission efficiency, high energy consumption, and low end‐to‐end delays. Therefore, an energy efficiency optimization routing decision system is proposed based on the establishment of a three‐dimensional Voronoi polygon topology model. First, we define a node state‐related attribute parameter that determines whether the source node and the forward node are linked. The data forwarding node is determined by comparing attribute differences. Then, a power control mechanism based on received signal strength is proposed to solve the energy consumption, which includes deterministic and random parts. Finally, the specific state of the network node is monitored by comparing the attribute decision matrix to ensure basic maintenance of network operation and improve network transmission reliability. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme not only ensures the communication performance index in WANETs but also improves the reliability of the network.
A novel deep learning architecture for disease classification in Arabica coffee plants
Authors: Ramamurthy Karthik , Thekkath Rashmi Dinesh , Batra Shivam , Chattopadhyay Sreejan
Published: January 2023

Several research works on disease detection in coffee plants have been presented in recent years. Leaf miner and rust are the most prevalent diseases in Arabica coffee plants. Early detection of such diseases allows farmer to take diagnostic actions before the infection spreads to neighboring plants. With advancements in drones and artificial intelligence (AI), the automatic detection of leaf diseases is gaining prominence in the field of smart agriculture. Furthermore, it is critical to develop an accurate method for infestation detection with minimal computational complexity. Existing works for plant disease detection utilize pre‐trained deep learning models with millions of parameters. A feasible trade‐off has to be attained between accuracy and computational complexity for the deployment of such deep networks. This research proposes an effective method for disease detection in Arabica coffee plants using EfficientNetB0 architecture. The architecture of the EfficientNetB0 network was improvised by including a ghost module at its end. This integration allows the network to learn effectively with minimal parameters without compensating for the end accuracy. The proposed model has a total of 4,874,531 parameters which is significantly lesser than most of the state‐of‐the‐art deep learning architectures and achieved an accuracy of 84%.
Compassionate mind training for ex‐service personnel with PTSD and their partners
Authors: Romaniuk Madeline , Hampton Sarah , Brown Kelly , Fisher Gina , Steindl Stanley R. , Kidd Chloe , Kirby James N.
Published: January 2023

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant issue for a substantial proportion of Australian ex‐service personnel. In addition to the functional impact on individuals, PTSD can have a significant impact on intimate partner relationships. Research has demonstrated that practicing compassion and self‐compassion may be an important component of psychological therapy for survivors of trauma, while also demonstrating benefits to intimate relationships. This pilot study aimed to investigate the utility of a Compassionate Mind Training intervention for ex‐service personnel with PTSD and their partners. An uncontrolled, within‐subjects, longitudinal design was utilized with assessment at pre‐intervention, post‐intervention and 3‐month follow‐up. Twenty‐four participants attended 12 biweekly group sessions. Self‐report measures of compassion, quality of life and psychological symptoms were administered at each time point. Findings demonstrated a significant reduction in fears of compassion and PTSD symptoms for ex‐service personnel at 3‐month follow‐up and a reduction in depressive symptoms and increase in quality‐of‐life and social safeness at post‐intervention. Additionally, significant reductions in anxiety, stress, external shame and self‐criticism at 3‐month follow‐up were found, and couples reported significant increases in relationship satisfaction. Findings from this pilot study demonstrate promising outcomes, warranting further investigation in a larger randomized controlled trial of Compassionate Mind Training for ex‐service personnel and their partners.
Individually delivered mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy in concomitant problematic substance use and emotional symptoms: A process‐based case study
Authors: Hamonniere Tristan , Billieux Joël
Published: January 2023

The process‐based approach assumes that transdiagnostic psychological processes are involved in the onset and maintenance of mental disorders. Case conceptualization is used to identify such psychological processes and to individualize the intervention accordingly. This approach is fundamentally different from syndrome‐based approaches in which standardized treatments are administered for psychiatric diagnoses or symptoms. In the current case, we proposed a process‐based conceptualization and treatment for a woman with concomitant problematic substance use and emotional symptoms. Our idiosyncratic process‐based conceptualization showed that for this person, substance abuse consisted in a maladaptive coping strategy to deal with repetitive negative thinking and poor emotion regulation skills, for which we decided to use a mindfulness‐based intervention. Treatment comprised 8 weeks of individually delivered mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy sessions. A comprehensive assessment of psychiatric symptoms and psychological processes was conducted at baseline, post‐intervention and 3‐month follow‐up. The post‐treatment assessment revealed that psychological processes targeted by the intervention were improved, together with the mindfulness trait. At the symptom‐based level, we observed a significant reduction in substance abuse and emotional symptoms. Treatment gains were maintained at follow‐up. From a process‐based perspective, this result implies that the intervention successfully targeted the psychological processes underlying the presenting symptoms. Adopting a process‐based approach rather than symptom‐ or syndrome‐based approaches is a valuable alternative in the conceptualization and treatment of complex cases presenting with multiple comorbidities.
Automatic phase error compensation of rotary traveling wave oscillator: Analysis and design
Authors: Fallahtabar Aida , Abbasalizadeh Soolmaz , Miar Naimi Hossein
Published: January 2023

A new rotary traveling wave oscillator (RTWO) with automatic phase error compensation feedback is proposed in this paper. By introducing a new negative transconductor (−Gm cell) circuit, the currents in four −Gm cells adjust differently to cancel the phase errors. To better understand the new RTWO phase error compensation technique and design procedure of the whole system, the system analysis for describing the phase error compensation technique is provided. The design considerations of each block of the new RTWO at the circuit level are clarified. Besides, the stability of the whole system is analyzed. Appropriate simulations have been done in 0.18 μm CMOS technology with a 1.8 V supply voltage to evaluate the new RTWO performance and its accuracy. The evaluations verify the capability of the new RTWO to cancel the phase error.
Lysophosphatidylcholine inhibits lung cancer cell proliferation by regulating fatty acid metabolism enzyme long‐chain acyl‐coenzyme A synthase 5
Authors: Zhang Linlin , Liu Xuanqi , Liu Yifei , Yan Furong , Zeng Yiming , Song Yuanlin , Fang Hao , Song Dongli , Wang Xiangdong
Published: January 2023

Lung cancer is a widespread malignancy with a high death rate and disorder of lipid metabolism. Lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) has anti‐tumour effects, although the underlying mechanism is not entirely known. The purpose of this study aims at defining changes in lysoPC in lung cancer patients, the effects of lysoPC on lung cancer cells and molecular mechanisms. Lung cancer cell sensitivity to lysoPC was evaluated and decisive roles of long‐chain acyl‐coenzyme A synthase 5 (ACSL5) in lysoPC regulation were defined by comprehensively evaluating transcriptomic changes of ACSL5‐downregulated epithelia. ACSL5 over‐expressed in ciliated, club and Goblet cells in lung cancer patients, different from other lung diseases. LysoPC inhibited lung cancer cell proliferation, by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, altering lipid metabolisms, increasing fatty acid oxidation and reprograming ACSL5/phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase‐regulated triacylglycerol‐lysoPC balance. Thus, this study provides a general new basis for the discovery of reprogramming metabolisms and metabolites as a new strategy of lung cancer precision medicine.
Controlled, Stepwise Syntheses of Oligomers with Modified Quinoxaline Backbones
Authors: Klein Jerome , Jung Nicole , Bräse Stefan
Published: January 2023

New oligomers based on quinoxaline units were successfully synthesized through multistep reactions using Wittig coupling, affording (E)‐(quinoxalin‐2‐yl)ethene oligomers. Diverse quinoxaline‐based phosphonium salts were designed and synthesized, enabling versatility and compatibility regarding the oligomer‐building process. The characterization of the oligomers showed excellent stereoisomer specificity, i.e., a fully E‐configurated conjugated π‐system. The oligomers’ light absorption/emission profiles indicate potential properties for an application in materials science.
Synthesis of Highly Emissive Fluorophores Based on Multiply Stacked Anthracene Arrangement
Authors: Santo Keisuke , Uchida Kentaro , Fujimoto Keisuke , Inuzuka Toshiyasu , Hirakawa Kazutaka , Sengoku Tetsuya , Takahashi Masaki
Published: January 2023

Newly designed fluorophore systems with feather‐like structures were constructed by connecting bisanthracene building units via a concise reaction sequence of bromination, etherification, and desilylation. Spectroscopic characterizations revealed that all of the fluorophore systems achieved high light absorptivity and high emission efficiency by preventing closely spaced anthracene chromophores from mutual interactions to reduce concomitant energy loss by fluorescence quenching. The application of fluorophore systems for the preparation of light‐harvesting dyad materials has successfully demonstrated their potential utility as versatile photofunctional tools.
Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on the Archimedes Wave Swing for Water Wave Energy Harvesting: Physics Experiments and Simulations
Authors: Yang Shaohui , Tang Ping , Huang Yan , Du Zhichang , Fan Jianyu , Xiao Guohong
Published: January 2023

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have demonstrated enormous potential as a novel technology for water wave energy harvesting and self‐powered sensors. However, most of the reported studies have focused on sea‐level energy capture. The energy below the sea level including potential energy and kinetic energy is also highly abundant. Herein, a prototype TENG based on the Archimedes wave swing (AWS‐TENG) is proposed. The AWS‐TENG is a unique wave energy conversion device since it is completely submerged and offers excellent concealment. The physical model of AWS‐TENG is developed by investigating structural properties and wave energy theory. Furthermore, a V‐Q‐X equation analysis of the TENG in vertical separation mode is carried out via finite element simulation to better understand its dynamic electrical characteristics. In addition, experimental tests are carried out on the system. The experimental results show that AWS‐TENG achieves a power density output of 7.9 mW m−2at 4.5 Hz, which is sufficient for fast capacitor charging and application circuits. This proposed TENG design offers a unique way to capture wave energy.
Toward Calenderability of High‐Energy Cathode based on NMC622 during the Roll‐to‐Roll Process
Authors: Tran Hai-Yen , Lindner Adrian , Menesklou Wolfgang , Braunwarth Wolfgang
Published: January 2023

For the economical production of high‐quality lithium‐ion batteries, a comprehensive understanding of all processing steps under real production conditions, especially in the electrode‐manufacturing step, is mandatory. It has been shown that calendering of the cathode has a significant impact on the electrode quality and hence affects their subsequent processability in the battery production. Undesirable electrode deformation induced by the calendering process may lead to unnecessary wastage during the roll‐to‐roll process. To increase the yield rate of high‐energy electrode production under industrial‐oriented conditions, an extensive recipe evaluation by applying mixture design methods has been carried out on the lab scale. It has been shown that the inactive carbon black/PVDF phase as well as the amount of SFG6L in the electrode formulation plays an important role in the calendering processability of the high‐energy NMC622 cathode. From the statistical data analysis, an optimized recipe has been proposed and afterward validated at the research production line under industry‐relevant conditions. A significant reduction of the scrap rate caused by the calendering process is observed after optimizing the recipe due to its better calenderability.
Technoeconomic Analysis of Fuel Cell Vehicle‐to‐Grid (FCV2G) System Supported by Photovoltaic Energy
Authors: İnci Mustafa
Published: January 2023

The investigation of fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) connected to grid (FCV2G) technology regarding the reduction of consumer costs is proposed. Herein, the key contribution is to investigate the energy and profit analysis aspects of an FCV2G system supported by photovoltaic (PV) panels for a 24 h operation. For this, an FCV in the rating of 100 kW is connected to the grid/homes, and a detailed analysis is performed for the FCV2G system supported by PV energy in the rating of 40 kW. The designed system is primarily tested for energy transfer from FCV/PV to grid/homes, and the results are verified for dynamic loading situations. It is observed that FCV + PV supply excess power to the grid during flexible hours of the day, and consumer homes use additional energy from the grid during peak hours. The profit analysis of the established FCV2G system is conducted using the load profile data for the 24 h situation. FCV2G supported by a PV system verifies that the homes' consumption cost is reduced significantly, and the remaining energy is utilized by selling the energy to the grid.
Triboelectric‐Electromagnetic Hybrid Generator with Single Timer Under Monostable Operation for Wind Energy Harvesting
Authors: Zheng Ruifang , Li Ganlin , Chen Jiqing , Ning Chuanpeng , Yu Xin , Jiang Changhong
Published: January 2023

As a renewable clean energy with good application prospects, wind energy has attracted more and more attention. Harvesting energy from the ambient environment with triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), for use in electronic devices has become a feasible method. Nevertheless, the alternating‐current signal generated by TENGs needs to be converted into direct‐current signal to be effective in applications. Therefore, this article presents a power management circuit with a self‐triggering triboelectric‐electromagnetic hybrid generator (ST‐TEHG). The switch module of the power management circuit is composed of an electromagnetic (EMG), 555 single timer, and an N‐type metal–oxide–semiconductor, the module converts the AC signal output by EMG into a square wave signal under monostable state. The self‐triggering switching function is realized when in monostable operation. Systematic experiments demonstrate that the 555 single timer function can output waveforms of monostable operation. The back‐end of the circuit can output DC signals stably, the ripple voltage is 0.03 V, and the ripple coefficient is 0.52%. ST‐TEHG provides a new way of thinking for the power supply of microelectronic components.
Preparation of Carbon Electrode Material with a Large Specific Surface Area and Multiscale Pore Structure from Biowaste Kochia for Symmetrical Supercapacitor
Authors: Fan Kai , Lei Xiping , Zhang Junzhan , Yu Ting , Chen Haonan , Liu Jing
Published: January 2023

Kochia that is used as Chinese herbal medicine is always abandoned as a biowaste after extracting useful components. However, the richness of lignocellulose and the natural tubular structure make it a potential source of biomass carbon. After high‐temperature pyrolysis at 800 °C and further etching by proper activation conditions, a graded porous structured carbon‐based supercapacitor electrode material (KAC‐5) can be obtained. The electrode material is prepared in a 1:5 carbon‐to‐base ratio, possessing a specific surface area of 1441.30 m2 g−1, and a graded macro‐meso‐micro structure that is rich in micropores. The capacitance retention retains at 90.31% even after 10 000 cycles in 6 m KOH electrolyte and exhibits outstanding capacitance performance with a specific capacitance of 284 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. The symmetrical supercapacitor is assembled with KAC‐5 and also has good cycling stability in 6 m KOH aqueous electrolyte, reaching 88.83% after 10 000 cycles with an energy density of 12.3 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 300 W kg−1. Based on the above, sustainable preparation of energy storage material from waste biomass for high capacitance and stable biomass‐based supercapacitors has been achieved.
Performance investigation and estimation of the 1 kWp photovoltaic array for an isolated hilly area in India
Authors: Chaurasia Ravi , Gairola Sanjay , Pal Yash
Published: January 2023

This paper presents the assessment of solar resources, investigation of performance, and estimation of normalized performance indices of a 1 kWp Solar PV system in India's climatology of an isolated hilly area. The monthly and yearly mean normalized performance indices are estimated. The annual mean values of the daylight hours, cell temperature, and ambient temperature are 12.7 h/d, 10.89°C, and 1.25°C, respectively. The yearly mean values and corresponding ranges of monthly mean values of capacity factor, performance ratio, array yield, reference yield, final yield, array capture loss and system loss are obtained as 23.60%, 59.82%, 2.83 h/d, 4.63 h/d, 2.69 h/d, 1.8 h/d, 0.14 h/d and (17.56–29.07)%, (47.93–75.55)%, (2.24–3.42) h/d, (2.85–6.1) h/d, (2.13–3.25) h/d, (0.60–2.99) h/d and (0.11–0.17) h/d, respectively. The Levelized Cost of energy is reduced to 85% and 68.22% by using the proposed solar PV/ battery system compared to DG and DG/Battery systems. A saving of 14.8 kl of diesel and the corresponding reduction of emissions of carbon monoxide (244.22 kilograms), unburned hydrocarbons (10.66 kg), particulates (1.48 kg), and nitrogen Oxides (229.42 kg) have also been achieved per year. These findings effectively provide optimal power solution strategies for policymakers in the concerned area.
A review of the sustainable development goals to make headways through theCOVID‐19 pandemic era
Authors: Bhattacharya Riya , Bose Debajyoti
Published: January 2023

COVID‐19 pandemic is still one of the biggest obstacles to meeting the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Helping the world retrieve from the pandemic and reviving activities require expeditiously examining the comprehensive SDG schemes. This paper draws on existing information and a thorough examination of the research to emphasize continuing challenges confronting the SDGs. It also determines the impact of COVID‐19 on sustainable development goal advancements and suggest a standardized framework to encourage the accomplishment of them in the post‐pandemic era. Before the pandemic started, the advancement toward accomplishing the SDGs was lagging. Global problems and the unequal supply of food, water and energy evidently pose a threat to the achievement of the SDGs. An evaluation is provided on the execution of the SDGs and factors such as the instability of the global political climate, geographical disparities, and exchange. Additionally, an insight is provided for post‐pandemic SDG actions on “Classification‐Coordination‐Collaboration” template in order to better understand the global picture. The current state of advancement is presented based on the emergency of SDG accomplishments considering regulations through categorization with science and research, which can realign the SDGs to their original course. The analysis suggests that attaining the SDGs necessitates a coordinated effort from all stakeholders, and collaboration is crucial to bolstering economic relations, encouraging technical development, and constructing a sustainable world.
Altered anticipatory brain responses in eating disorders: A neuroimaging meta‐analysis
Authors: Yu Xinyang , Desrivières Sylvane
Published: January 2023

Objective

Functional neuroimaging studies have found differential neural activation patterns during anticipation‐related paradigms in participants with eating disorders (EDs) compared to controls. However, publications reported conflicting results on the directionality and location of the abnormal activations. There is an urgent need to integrate our existing knowledge of anticipation, both rewarding and aversive, to elucidate these differences.

Method

We conducted an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta‐analysis to quantitatively review functional neuroimaging studies that evaluated differences between brain correlates of anticipation in participants with and without disordered eating. PubMed, Web of Sciences, PsycINFO, Medline and EMBASE were searched for studies published up to November 2022. Exploratory sub‐analyses to check for differences between reward and non‐reward anticipation among all anticipation paradigms.

Results

Twenty‐one references met the inclusion criteria for meta‐analysis. The meta‐analysis across anticipation all tasks identified a significant hyperactivation cluster in the right putamen in participants with disordered eating (n = 17 experiments) and a significant hypoactivation cluster in the left inferior parietal lobule (n = 13 experiments), in participants with disordered eating compared to controls.

Conclusions

These findings and sub‐analyses of reward‐ and non‐reward‐related cues suggest potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying anticipatory responses to rewarding and aversive cues in ED.
Forecasting sovereign risk in the Euro area via machine learning
Authors: Belly Guillaume , Boeckelmann Lukas , Caicedo Graciano Carlos Mateo , Di Iorio Alberto , Istrefi Klodiana , Siakoulis Vasileios , Stalla‐Bourdillon Arthur
Published: January 2023

We test the usefulness of machine learning (ML) for the valuation and pricing of sovereign risk in the Euro area along two important dimensions: i) its predictive accuracy compared with traditional econometric methods, and ii) its assessment of the main economic factors underlying market perceptions of sovereign risk.We find that ML techniques can capture the dynamics inherent in the market valuation of country risk far more efficiently than traditional econometric models, both in the cross‐section and in the time series. Moreover, we show that public sentiment about financial news, redenomination fears and the degree of hawkishness/dovishness expressed in the ECB president's speeches are major contributors to sovereign bond spreads. We also confirm that macroeconomic and global financial factors affect sovereign risk assessment and the corresponding formation of sovereign spreads.
Physical multimorbidity, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts among adults aged ≥50 years from low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Smith Lee , Shin Jae Il , López Sánchez Guillermo F. , Kostev Karel , Jacob Louis , Tully Mark A. , Butler Laurie , Barnett Yvonne , Veronese Nicola , Soysal Pinar , Abduljabbar Adel S. , Haro Josep Maria , Koyanagi Ai
Published: January 2023

Objectives

The association between physical multimorbidity and suicidal ideation or suicide attempts among older adults from low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) is largely unknown. We aimed to assess this association as well as its mediators using nationally representative data from six LMICs.

Methods

Cross‐sectional, community‐based data from the Study on Global Aging and Adult Health were analyzed. A total of 11 chronic physical conditions were assessed. Self‐reported information on past 12‐month suicidal ideation and suicide attempts was also collected. Multivariable logistic regression and mediation analyses were conducted.

Results

The final sample consisted of 34,129 adults aged ≥50 years (mean [SD] age 62.4 (16.0) years; maximum age 114 years; 52.1% females). In the overall sample, physical multimorbidity was associated with increased odds for suicidal ideation (OR = 2.99; 95% CI = 2.06–4.34) and suicide attempts (OR = 2.79; 95% CI = 1.58–4.95), with the association being stronger in males than females. The association between multimorbidity and suicidal ideation or suicide attempts was largely mediated by pain/discomfort (mediated% 33.3%–44.2%), sleep/energy (28.2%–33.8%), and mobility limitations (26.6%–34.8%).

Conclusions

Physical multimorbidity among older adults in LMICs was associated with a substantially increased risk for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Addressing the identified mediators in people with physical multimorbidity may aid in the prevention of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.
Extreme temperatures, mortality, and adaptation: Evidence from the county level in China
Authors: Liao Hua , Zhang Chen , Burke Paul J. , Li Ru , Wei Yi‐Ming
Published: January 2023

Extreme temperatures are known to cause adverse health outcomes. Yet knowledge on the magnitude of this effect in developing countries is limited due to data availability and reliability issues. Collecting data for 2872 counties in China, we estimate the effects of daily temperatures on the monthly mortality rate. The results indicate that an additional day for which the maximum temperature is 38°C or above on average increases the monthly mortality rate by about 1.7% relative to if that day's maximum temperature had been in the range 16–21°C. This is after deducting deaths harvested from the subsequent month. Higher gross domestic product per capita at the county level is associated with lower mortality effects of hot and cold days. Improved dwelling conditions are found to be associated with a lower mortality effect of hot days and improved local healthcare infrastructure to be associated with a lower mortality effect of cold days. In the absence of strong adaptation efforts, the estimates suggest net upward pressure on annual mortality rates over coming decades in many populous counties, especially under more extreme climate change scenarios.
Flushing or mixing? Stable water isotopes reveal differences in arctic forest and peatland soil water seasonality
Authors: Muhic Filip , Ala‐Aho Pertti , Noor Kashif , Welker Jeffrey M. , Klöve Björn , Marttila Hannu
Published: January 2023

Understanding the relative importance of different water sources that replenish soil water storage is necessary to assess the vulnerability of sub‐arctic areas to changes in climate and altered rain and snow conditions, reflected in the timing and magnitude of water infiltration. We examine spatiotemporal variability and seasonal origin of soil water at the soil‐vegetation interface in Pallas catchment, located in northern Finland. The field study was conducted from May 2019 to June 2020 over two snowmelt seasons and one summer growing season. We sampled soil cores up to a 1‐m depth and stem water of dominant tree species at four sites located in forests and forested peatlands for stable water isotopes. Seasonal rainfall variation and late snowmelt events were well identifiable in the well‐drained soils of forested areas, while this input signal is heavily attenuated in wetter, forested peatland areas. Spatiotemporal variability of soil water in two forest sites was similar, whereas soil water storage in peatland sites was controlled by the extent of hydrologic connectivity to the adjoining water pools. A mixture of both summer and winter precipitation was present in peatlands during the entire study period, while forest mineral soils showed an ephemeral response to water input and got nearly fully flushed twice during the hydrological year. Meltwater signal in forest soils was dominant after snowmelt and in early spring but became displaced by isotopically enriched rainfall during the summer. Seasonal evolution of soil water pools was not reflected in tree stem dynamics but offset between soil and stem water isotopic signals was less pronounced in forested peatlands. This field data set uncovered seasonal changes of soil water isotopic signal at high depth‐resolution, quantifying the importance of snowmelt water in replenishing and sustaining soil water storage in sub‐arctic conditions.
Educational (mis)match in the context of new manufacturing: A qualitative comparative analysis study in five European countries
Authors: Barzotto Mariachiara
Published: January 2023

The article examines the interplay between shop‐floor employees' educational levels, and firms' training strategies (expressed by the breadth of the training, the extent of the advanced IT training, and skills development in collaboration with local or national technical schools), leading to multinational companies' educational (mis)match in the context of the new model of manufacturing, known as ‘Industry 4.0.’ Following a survey of 26 senior managers from different companies operating in four advanced manufacturing industries (biotech, engineering, fashion and new materials) in five European countries (Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the UK), a fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis (fs/QCA) is applied. The results suggest several equifinal paths to corporate educational (mis)match. The findings reveal the need for a more hybridised coexistence between tertiary education and training activities, which can emerge from the cooperation of local actors (education/training institutions and businesses together). Tertiary education, training programmes focused on advanced IT skills, and collaborating with local knowledge providers can reinforce the effect; indeed, their presence (singly or in combination) intensifying the achievement of high levels of educational match. In the absence of these conditions (singly or in combination), a broad training programme can act as a counterbalance and vice versa. Policymakers should put in place tools to enable more inclusive access to collaborations between local businesses and knowledge providers, promoting an upgrade of educational programmes to develop shop‐floor workers who are more digitally aware, and better prepared to successfully undertake non‐routine cognitive tasks. This would foster the self‐sustainability and flourishing of advanced manufacturing in high‐income countries.
An automatic gastric polyp detection technique using deep learning
Authors: Mushtaq Dania , Madni Tahir Mustafa , Janjua Uzair Iqbal , Anwar Fozia , Kakakhail Ahmad
Published: January 2023

Over the last few years, researchers have focused on computer‐aided polyp detection in gastroscopy. Deep learning (DL) has shown great promise for polyps' identification. The most exceptional contribution of DL methods in gastroenterology is their ability to identify polyps quickly and accurately using convolution neural network. Nonetheless, despite significant advancements, automatic detection of small polyps remains a challenging and complex task. Furthermore, due to multiple pooling operations, the features of small polyps are lost, resulting in low detection accuracy. This paper proposes an efficient object detection method for polyp detection using gastric images to address this issue. A single‐shot multi‐box detector (SSD) was combined with the feature extractor VGG‐16, and the Refined Map Block (RMB) was integrated into SSD's high‐resolution feature maps to get more semantic information. The RMB output was used as the input to the successive layers. The RMB comprises of attention cascade and feature map concatenation cascade. The attention cascade improved the localization accuracy, while the feature map concatenation cascade improved the classification accuracy. Using the former, the proposed attention‐based SSD for gastric polyps (ASSD‐GPNet) model focused on the specific information, a polyp, rather than the background. Furthermore, the feature map concatenation cascade adds semantic information while reducing computational complexity. The output of these two cascades was combined to produce a refined feature map that enhances the detection of small polyps. The model was trained and tested on 1970 gastric images and Pascal VOC07 + 12. Image augmentation was applied to increase the training data of gastric images to reduce overfitting and skip connections were used to overcome the vanishing gradient problem. Overall, the experimental results demonstrated that the proposed model outperformed than compared models in both medical and natural images. The ASSD‐GPNet obtained mean average precision (mAP) of 94.2% on gastric images and 76.9% on Pascal VOC.
Effects of personal relative deprivation on the relationship between anger rumination and aggression during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown: A longitudinal moderated network approach
Authors: Tao Yanqiang , Niu Haiqun , Li Yue , Liu Xueting , Wang Shujian , Ma Zijuan , Hou Wenxin , Liu Xiangping
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Several studies have demonstrated a directional link between rage rumination and aggression. However, recent research suggests that this relationship is bidirectional. The current study examined the complex relationships between anger rumination and aggression using a moderated network approach in a longitudinal design while considering personal relative deprivation.

Method

A total of 665 participants (59.25% female, agemean±SD = 19.01 ± 1.25) were enrolled at two‐time points. Assessments included self‐report measures of the Anger Rumination Scale, Buss‐Perry Aggression Questionnaire, and Relative Deprivation Scale. A Moderated Network Model (MMN) was used to test the complex links among anger rumination, aggression, and personal relative deprivation.

Results

The analysis revealed that the link between anger rumination and aggression was complex and bidirectional. Notably, as the level of personal relative deprivation increased, verbal aggression had a positive conditional effect on anger afterthoughts in Wave 2, and thoughts of revenge had a positive conditional effect on verbal aggression in Wave 2. Moreover, as the first discovery, anger afterthoughts and anger had a negative conditional effect on each other across levels of personal relative deprivation in Wave 2. In addition, network comparison indicates that the MNMs structure was significantly different across timepoints, implying that anger rumination and aggression were inextricably linked in college students during isolation and that this complicated relationship was weakened after isolation.

Conclusions

This study deepens our understanding of the bidirectional relationships between anger rumination and aggression and recognizes the moderating role of personal relative deprivation.
Sonoelastography: A powerful technique in musculoskeletal imaging
Authors: Sibbitt Wilmer L. , Sibbitt Randy R.
Published: January 2023

Sonoelastography is a powerful method available to observe the musculoskeletal system, and appears particularly valuable in detecting early tendinopathies, pursuing complaints of localized musculoskeletal pain, analyzing soft tissue masses, and research applications in musculoskeletal medicine.
Predictors and clinical complications associated with antiphospholipid antibodies in sickle cell disease
Authors: Rivera Claudia Rodriguez , Srisuwananukorn Andrew , Bajwa Rizma Jalees , Gordeuk Victor R. , Rauch Joyce , Levine Jerrold S. , Saraf Santosh L.
Published: January 2023

Although a higher prevalence of antiphospholipid autoantibodies (aPL) has been observed in some cohorts of sickle cell disease (SCD) patients, the clinical risk factors for the development of aPL and its associated complications remain unclear. In a retrospective study of 63 SCD patients, a lower hemoglobin concentration and higher white blood cell count were independently associated with an elevated aPL. SCD patients with elevated aPL had increased pregnancy complications (≥3 miscarriages, preterm delivery, pre‐eclampsia) and venous thrombotic events. Our findings suggest that SCD may predispose to the generation of aPL and that aPL itself may contribute to the vasculopathy of SCD. Prospective testing for aPL is warranted in patients with SCD.
Extreme hourly precipitation characteristics of Mainland China from 1980 to 2019
Authors: Wang Xiaoya , Jiang Weiguo , Wu Jianjun , Hou Peng , Dai Zhijun , Rao Pinzeng , Ling Ziyan , Deng Yue
Published: January 2023

Instantaneous precipitation can often cause devastating disasters on the Earth's surface. Continuous increases in extreme precipitation around the world have caused widespread concern, and it is necessary to study the extreme hourly precipitation over a large scale and long time series. Using specific numbers of unique hourly precipitation point data from 1980 to 2019, our research found that there are different spatial patterns regarding the frequency and intensity of extreme hourly precipitation in Mainland China, but the clear spatial pattern of being weak in the west and strong in the east of China. Most extreme hourly precipitation events occurred from June to August in the north of China and from April to October in the south of China. Afternoon and midnight are the peak periods of extreme precipitation events in southern China. The frequency of extreme hourly precipitation in the whole of China had increased by 0.7 hr/10a and increased significantly in the northwest and southeast of China. The average intensity of extreme hourly precipitation has decreased by 0.1 mm·hr−1/10a in the whole of China. While the maximum intensity has increased in local areas, the trend of changes is not significant in the whole of China. We have discovered that rapid urbanization is likely to be responsible for the frequency of extreme hourly precipitation in China. It is urgent to enact flood protection measures because this change is expected to worsen in the future with intensified urbanization in China.
A multidimensional approach to making sense of COVID‐19 pandemic‐induced uncertainty: From interpreting to knowledge‐sharing among academics
Authors: Cacho Reynald , Ribiere Vincent , Amora Johnny
Published: January 2023

This study investigates an exploratory uncertainty‐knowledge sharing model contextualized in terms of uncertainty induced by the COVID‐19 pandemic and based on the integrative framework of contingency theory and models of interpretation. The study attempts to explain the multidimensionality of and relationships between perceived environmental uncertainty types and knowledge‐sharing subprocesses. The presumptive connections between the variables are examined through an empirical study conducted with 224 academics from a large university in the Philippines. The results confirm the multidimensionality of uncertainty induced by the COVID‐19 pandemic and indicate that certain types of uncertainty drive knowledge‐donating and knowledge‐collecting behaviors within a knowledge‐intensive organization. The study offers theoretical and practical implications for reflective decision‐making in critical times and reciprocal intra‐organizational knowledge flows.
Spatio‐temporal analysis of land use/land cover change and urban growth dynamics of Silchar City, India using very high‐resolution satellite data and the Shannon entropy model
Authors: Mohabey Divya Prakash , Nongkynrih Jenita M. , Kumar Upendra
Published: January 2023

Silchar City and its surrounding areas have witnessed massive population growth in the last few decades due to local and migrated peoples, which led to the rapid transformation of its land use/land cover (LU/LC) pattern. The spatio‐temporal very high‐resolution satellite data (VHRS) and on‐screen visual interpretation techniques were used for detailed large‐scale LU/LC analysis. The LU/LC classification of the City has been prepared for 2005, 2011, and 2018 with five primary and a further 17 sub‐classes. In the present study use was made of the Census of India reports from 1991 to 2011, and the geometrical increase method was used to evaluate the ward‐level population, population density, and land requirements for residential purposes; these have been predicted from 2021 to 2051 with every 10 years interval. The ity's wards have been classified into five zones, and the Shannon entropy model has been applied to analyze the degree of randomness and trends of urban built‐up growth. The obtained results indicate that Silchar City is compact near the center, which follows the infill built‐up growth trend. However, as the distance increased from its center, the scattering with an infill growth pattern was observed. The accuracy assessment techniques are used to validate the results of the classification. The results of this study can provide detailed information for land‐use planners, researchers, policy‐decision makers, and municipal authorities.
Interactions between the Grain‐for‐Green Program and check dams increased vegetation carbon sequestration in the Yanhe basin, Loess Plateau
Authors: Zhang Jianxiang , Wang Yafeng , Sun Jian , Chen Junhe , Zhang Jingtian , Wang Dong , Huo Huangyu , Liang Eryuan
Published: January 2023

Vegetation carbon sequestration, usually expressed by net primary production (NPP), is an important ecosystem service (ES) to mitigate global warming. Multiple soil and water conservation projects (SWCPs) have been implemented to restore disturbed ecosystems on the Loess Plateau (LP), as one of the most eroded areas in the world. However, responses of NPP to the conservation projects are unclear due to trade‐offs between NPP and other ESs. Herein, we quantified NPP and other key ESs (i.e., water yield, soil conservation, and crop production) and the spatio‐temporal trade‐offs among them, using RS/GIS techniques and ecosystem modelling in the Yanhe basin of the LP from 1990 to 2020. Furthermore, the structural equation model was used to quantify the impact of ecological restoration projects and programmes  such as check dams, terraces, and  the Grain‐for‐Green (GFG) on NPP. As shown by our results, NPP reached 457 t ha−1 in 2020, which was twice what it was in 1990. Moreover, we found increasing trade‐offs between NPP and other ESs at sub‐basin scale. Specifically, 63% of NPP changes were explained by ESs and SWCPs. The combined action of check dams and GFG can promote NPP and balance trade‐offs between NPP and other ESs, while terracing decreases NPP indirectly according to its specific soil and climate conditions. Overall, the main findings provide a better understanding of the interacting processes of multi‐projects that influence vegetation carbon sequestration and the sustainable utilization of ESs in hill and gully regions of the LP.