bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’opposition « langue poétique / langue pratique » dans la conception linguistique de Lev Jakubinskij
Authors: Ivanova Irina
Published: May 2022

Le nom de Lev Jakubinskij (1892-1945) est rarement mentionné dans les recherches consacrées au formalisme russe bien qu’il ait été l’un des organisateurs de la Société d’étude de la langue poétique (OPOJaZ) fondée en 1916 à Petrograd. Au début de sa participation à l’OPOJaZ, Jakubinskij a privilégié l’étude de l’aspect sonore de la langue poétique. En 1923, il a inopinément changé son objet d’analyse et publié un article sur l’organisation du dialogue, en développant une approche pragmatique. Notre article tente de reconstruire la logique des recherches de Jakubinskij pendant la période de sa participation à l’OPOJaZ (1916-1923) et de définir leur place dans le mouvement du formalisme russe
La linguistique soviétique après N. Marr : linguistes, structuralisme et « révolution scientifique et technologique »
Authors: Schoenenberger Margarita
Published: May 2022

Les années 1950 dans l’histoire de la linguistique soviétique sont marquées par ce que l’on appellerait aujourd’hui un changement de paradigme scientifique. Beaucoup de linguistes soviétiques se sont tournés vers le structuralisme qui avait beaucoup d’adeptes dans le monde occidental. En même temps, dans les années 1950- 1960 (à l’époque qui a reçu le nom de « dégel »), la société soviétique vivait une ère d’euphorie technocratique. Chaque science, chaque courant scientifique se devait de démontrer son utilité dans cette cause commune. Un thème de discours idéologique en Union soviétique des années 1955-1970 semble avoir joué un rôle important d’abord dans le discours soviétique officiel, et ensuite dans les sciences du langage : il s’agit de la notion de révolution scientifique et technologique (NTR).

Dans la linguistique soviétique, dès la fin des années 1950, deux courants de pensées que j’appellerai « traditionaliste » et « structuraliste » cherchent à intégrer la notion de NTR dans leur démarche scientifique et se livrent une lutte brève mais intense pour prendre la place de doctrine officielle. Ce débat a lieu dans les pages des revues linguistiques les plus en vue. Les « traditionalistes » sont représentés avant tout par V.V. Vinogradov, les « structuralistes » par S.K. Šaumjan.
Enseigner la grammaire : choix didactique, choix politique ?
Authors: Bétrix Köhler Dominique , Panchout-Dubois Martine
Published: May 2022

LA RECENTE DIFFUSION D’UN DOCUMENT D’ORIENTATION relatif à l’enseignement apprentissage du français en Suisse romande (2006) et l’élaboration du Plan d’étude romand (PER) ont conduit à envisager le recours à de nouveaux moyens d’enseignement en passe d’être introduits à l’école obligatoire. Ces faits sont déclencheurs de multiples questions à l’échelle didactique et politique.
Smoothies, pizzas and sponge cakes: food metaphors in Brexit news explainers
Authors: Spilioti Tereza
Published: May 2022

The multiplicity and fragmentation of news streams online have given rise to a range of peripheral texts that accompany mainstream news reports. This paper investigates news explainers, a particular type of non-mainstream journalistic texts, and their role in rendering news more accessible to lay readers and viewers. Drawing on Musolff’s model (2006) of metaphor scenarios, it analyses a series of video explainers circulated by BBC news online during the week leading to the Brexit referendum (June 2016). The analysis reveals the prevalence of particular metaphors in mediatized explanations of the EU as a politico-economic union and discusses the ideological standpoints embedded in the evaluative and attitudinal elements of metaphor scenarios related to cooking and food.
La recherche-action transdisciplinaire : rassembler les praticiens et les chercheurs en communication et média
Authors: Perrin Daniel
Published: May 2022

La recherche-action transdisciplinaire se rapporte à la compréhension et àl’amélioration du monde réel, du « monde de la vie » (Hirsch Hadorn et al., 2008, p.20). Dans le cadre de la recherche-action transdisciplinaire, des chercheurs dedifférentes disciplines académiques travaillent de concert avec des praticiens pourexplorer et résoudre de façon durable des problèmes pratiques et socialementpertinents. La recherche-action transdisciplinaire dépasse les frontières du mondeacadémique. C’est une recherche « sur, pour et avec » les praticiens (Cameron,Frazer, Rampton et Richardson, 1992, p. 22). Cet article, qui se veut une prise deposition, trace les contours de la recherche-action transdisciplinaire comme cadre derecherche idéal pour « pallier au fossé entre les recherches en média etcommunication d’une part et les praticiens des médias de l’autre» (Barkho, 2012)2.Afin d’illustrer la recherche-action transdisciplinaire, je m’appuie sur le projet derecherche Idée suisse (Perrin, 2011). Dans le cadre de ce projet, universitaires etpraticiens ont collaboré afin de comprendre comment la société suisse deradiodiffusion et télévision (SRG SSR) et ses journalistes travaillent et ce qui peutêtre mis en oeuvre pour améliorer leurs résultats.
Les savoirs et les pratiques langagières féministes et LGBTQI entre académie et militantisme
Authors: Marignier Noémie
Published: May 2022

Cet article propose de s’intéresser aux relations entre savoirs militantsféministes sur le langage et savoirs linguistiques sur le genre. Le féminisme et lesmouvements LGBTIQ, particulièrement dans leurs productions écrites en ligne,sont caractérisés par leur attention toute particulière au langage. Cette attentionprend plusieurs formes, dont deux m’intéresseront particulièrement : la réflexionsur l’écriture dite inclusive et la réflexion sur le lexique à employer pour nommer leplus adéquatement et éthiquement les identités, violences, et questions de genre.Cela donne lieu à des discours ou métadiscours sur le langage, ses utilisations et saforce, qui utilisent fréquemment le recours à certaines théories linguistiques(notamment relevant des domaines de la grammaire et de la pragmatique). Si cesréflexions sur le langage s’accordent souvent avec les théories linguistiques, onobserve une production de savoirs qui contrevient aux savoirs académiqueslinguistiques (notamment en ce qui concerne un certain prescriptivisme ou unethéorisation rigide des liens entre sens et référence). Dans ce cadre, cet articlepropose de s’intéresser aux savoirs militants féministes et LGBTQI produits sur lalangue, notamment lorsque ceux-ci rentrent en conflit avec les théories linguistiquesacadémiques. Ces discours de savoir soulèvent en effet plusieurs enjeuxd’appréhension dans le cadre d’une analyse du discours qui voudrait s’interrogersur la légitimité des savoirs sur le langage.
OPPIDVM Entre incertitude linguistique et confusion sémantique
Authors: Tarpin Michel
Published: May 2022

Il est traditionnel de désigner par leur nom latin ou grec des concepts ou des faits antiques que l’on pense avoir bien identifiés. On ne saurait nier la commodité de cette coutume, qui limite par ailleurs les difficultés de traduction entre langues modernes. Cependant l’usage du lexique institutionnel latin ou grec n’a de sens que si l’on peut donner une définition assurée des mots utilisés. Lorsque ce n’est pas le cas, une alternative consiste à donner un sens conventionnel moderne aux mots antiques. Cela peut fonctionner dès lors que la convention est largement admise. Cette deuxième solution n’est cependant qu’un pis aller, et l’expérience montre que bien souvent l’évolution de la recherche remet en question cette convention.
Créer une communauté de consommateurs grâce à un conte commercial
Authors: Volluz Justine , Dufour Pauline
Published: May 2022

Lors des fêtes de fin d’année, certaines grandes enseignes suisses, comme Manor, utilisent la reconfiguration de la publicité permise par le digital à leur avantage, à travers des stratégies commerciales très développées. L’étude du cas de Manor et de sa page Facebook montre l’élaboration et l’utilisation de la figure d’un petit elfe, créée pour toucher et attirer les produsagers - consommateurs. Cette construction publicitaire a de nombreux avantages, allant de la dissimulation des visées commerciales de la firme jusqu’à la construction d’une communauté autour de la figure.
Communication de crise : stratégies digitales de l’OFSP suisse et covid-19
Authors: Duplain Caroline , Menthonnex Léonore , Struijk Van Bergen Benoît , Tromellini Francesco
Published: May 2022

Durant la pandémie de coronavirus, les gouvernements ont utilisé les ressources de communication digitale et, plus spécifiquement, les réseaux sociaux afin de communiquer avec la population. Cet article explore par une analyse qualitative de quelle manière et dans quels buts les autorités suisses ont massivement investi Instagram et Twitter pendant cette période de crise. Par-là, on vise à amener le lecteur à réfléchir à l’évolution de la communication en général et en particulier aux stratégies de communication des institutions publiques.
Rire en contexte pandémique : les memes, analyse d’une pratique digitale
Authors: Curchod Marion , Sieber Victorine , Stern Guillaume
Published: May 2022

Cet article vise à rendre compte d’un phénomène digital désormais très connu, les memes, dans le contexte particulier de la crise du Covid-19. Partant du constat que même en cas de pandémie, l’humour fuse sur les réseaux sociaux, cette étude met au jour différents procédés mobilisés par les memes pour susciter le rire à partir d’une situation critique. Par l’étude des caractéristiques multimodales d’un corpus de 54 memes, l’article détaille trois procédés particuliers servant à déjouer et exploiter systématiquement des thématiques publiques récurrentes liées à la propagation du virus (le port du masque et d’autres normes d’hygiène).
Anton Marty et Edmund Husserl: le débat de la psychologie et de la logique concernant le langage
Authors: Parret Herman
Published: May 2022

Cet article dévoile la thèse de l’«axiome du parallélisme» dans les approches logiques et psychologiques du langage dans les philosophies d’Edmund Husserl et d’Anton Marty au tournant du XXème siècle. L’idée husserlienne d’une «grammaire logique pure» a été fortement critiquée par Marty qui défend la mise en place d’une «grammaire générale» où le sens n’est plus vu comme une entité idéale mais où l’idéalité est contenue par la conscience et dont l’intentionnalité est projetée par une subjectivité qui valorise psychiquement les significations. Ainsi les deux perspectives prévues par Marty sont le descriptif et le génétique. Entre en plus en jeu la fonction de communication du langage selon une vision téléologique. Le «synsémantème logiquement non fondé» est considéré dans la «grammaire générale» de Marty comme un mécanisme central mis en oeuvre par le sujet parlant.
La présentation de la langue russe dans les manuels ASSiMiL entre 1948 et 1991
Authors: Zalesskaya Daria
Published: May 2022

ASSiMiL est une méthode d’enseignement des langues étrangères, ainsi qu’une maison d’édition fondée en 1929 par Alphonse Chérel. Cette méthode est destinée à l’apprentissage autodidacte des langues étrangères. Les manuels pour l’apprentissage du russe font partie des manuels ASSiMiL depuis 1948. Notre article a pour but d’analyser les manuels de russe de la série ASSiMiL publiés entre 1948 et 1991 afin de relever les tendances principales de la présentation du russe, ainsi que de la Russie/l’URSS. Une partie de notre article traite du lien entre les manuels de la série ASSiMiL et l’«air du temps».
Charles Bally et Ferdinand de Saussure: collaboration, identité et diffusion des études saussuriennes
Authors: Chidichimo Alessandro
Published: May 2022

Charles Bally (1865-1947) et Albert Sechehaye (1870-1946) sont liés à Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913) par leur travail d’édition sur les notes des étudiants des cours de linguistique générale de 1907 à 1911 pour la publication du Cours de linguistique générale [CLG]. À cause du grand impact du CLG, une attention partielle a été réservée à l’éclaircissement des aspects de la trajectoire scientifique de ces deux auteurs. Je me concentre sur Charles Bally à travers ses études de stylistique et de linguistique.J’analyse tant ses rapports avec Saussure, grâce à des documents d’archives, que son travail de diffusion de la pensée saussurienne et son apport aux origines du structuralisme. Je montre, finalement, plusieurs aspects de la vie, des relations scientifiques et de l’activité de recherche de Charles Bally avant et après la publication du CLG, de son engagement dans la création des études saussuriennes et de l’École genevoise de linguistique.
L’interférence d’Uriel Weinreich et le bilinguisme littéraire
Authors: Makarova Margarita
Published: May 2022

En 1953, Uriel Weinreich publie son fameux ouvrage Languages in Contact: Findings and Problems. Cet article vise à 1) reconstruire le dialogue entre Weinreich et plusieurs linguistes soviétiques, dont Lev Ščerba avant tout et 2) répondre à la question de savoir comment des chercheurs russes (Ksenija Baleevskix, Il’ja Grigor’ev, Fatima Kazbekova), après avoir consulté l’étude de Weinreich et les articles de quelques linguistes soviétiques, appliquent le concept d’interférence linguistique aux textes littéraires d’auteurs bilingues.
Antoine Meillet s’entretient avec la revue Esperanto
Authors: Moret Sébastien
Published: May 2022

Au début de l’année 1921, Antoine Meillet est en Suisse romande, où il donne des conférences au bord du Léman, à Genève et Lausanne. Durant ce séjour, Meillet rencontra aussi l’espérantiste suisse Edmond Privat, alors directeur de la revueEsperanto, qui était l’organe officiel de l’Universala Esperanto-Asocio. Cet entretien autour de l’espéranto et des langues artificielles donna lieu à quelques notes, revues par Meillet lui-même, qui furent publiées en espéranto dans la revue. C’est ce petit texte qui n’a jamais été répertorié dans la liste bibliographique de Meillet que je propose de présenter ici.
Synthesis and styrene copolymerization of novel alkoxy ring-substituted octyl phenylcyanoacrylates
Authors: Graykowski David R. , Hadas Marlena D. , Haddad Marianna C. , Jimenez Jacqueline , Skowronski Marcelina A. , Smith Jade D. , Van Voorhis Brendan S. , Varsbergs Zoe M. , Rocus Sara M. , Schjerven William S. , Kharas Gregory B
Published: May 2022

Novel alkoxy ring-substituted octyl phenylcyanoacrylates, RPhCH=C(CN)CO2CH2(CH2)6CH3 (where R is 2-methoxy, 3-methoxy, 4-methoxy, 2-ethoxy, 3-ethoxy, 4-ethoxy, 4-propoxy, 4-butoxy, 4-hexyloxy) were prepared and copolymerized with styrene. The acrylates were synthesized by the piperidine catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of ring-substituted benzaldehydes and octyl cyanoacetate, and characterized by CHN analysis, IR, 1H and 13C NMR. All the acrylates were copolymerized with styrene in solution with radical initiation (ABCN) at 70C. The compositions of the copolymers were calculated from nitrogen analysis.
Students’ Preferences and Learning Styles in Relation to Reading and Writing Strategies at Distance Higher Education
Authors: Benitez-Correa Carmen , Vargas-Saritama Alba , Gonzalez-Torres Paul , Quinonez-Beltran Ana , Ochoa-Cueva Cesar
Published: May 2022

The aim of the present descriptive research study is to determine the students’ reading and writing achievement level according to their learning styles, as well as their preferences regarding the reading and writing strategies in English, as a Foreign-Language (EFL) course. This work is a contribution to the debate on the controversial issue about the influence of learning styles on EFL reading and writing skills. The sample for this research was a group of 120 distance-university students (45 males and 75 females) enrolled in an English program. The data-collection instruments used comprised a perceptual learning-style preference questionnaire, reading and writing of online tasks, and a preference questionnaire related to reading and writing strategies, which were planned for the course. The data from the questionnaires and the students’ scores were analyzed statistically. The findings revealed that there is a minimal difference in the EFL students’ reading and writing achievement across four learning styles. In addition, students prefer reading strategies, such as multiple-choice questions, matching exercises, filling the blanks, and answering open questions. As for writing, the learners preferred strategies that include brainstorming, answering multiple-choice questions, matching, filling in the blanks, and answering open questions.
Cultura-naturaleza en la sierra de Tabasco: patrimonio biocultural de los ch’oles de Tacotalpa
Authors: Morales Valenzuela Guadalupe , Villegas Ramírez María Isabel , De los Santos Ruiz Cynthia Paola
Published: May 2022

El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar los elementos del patrimonio biocultural de los ch’oles de Tacotalpa, Tabasco. A través de la realización de entrevistas estructuradas, observación participante y diálogos abiertos, se concluyó que los recursos naturales más valorados son: el paisaje, el agua, la milpa, las plantas y los animales. Se mencionaron problemas de disponibilidad de estos recursos y se destacaron entre los aspectos culturales más importantes los valores, las tradiciones y costumbres y la lengua indígena. Los ch’oles de esta región conservan los elementos de su patrimonio biocultural y entre las prácticas socioculturales que más realizan se encuentran: la mayordomía y los rituales de curación, de petición de lluvia y de bendición de semillas.
IDENTIFICATION AND CODING OF ELLIOT WAVE PATTERN
Authors: Vaghela Vaidehi , Gor Ravi
Published: May 2022

Prediction of stock price and modelling of market pattern are quite difficult and complex to understand itself. There are hidden factors of market like effect of news, sentiment of crowd etc. which play an important role of modelling the market pattern. The modelling of market patterns was primarily developed by R.N. Elliott. The Elliott Wave theory was described subjectively in literature and wave patterns cannot be identify easily. In this work, we mainly focus on identification of wave pattern through Fractal indicators and Awesome Oscillator using R programming.
Quantitative interpretation capabilities of the spectral decomposition of 3D common depth point seismic data
Authors: Volkov D.S.
Published: May 2022

This paper analyzes the possibility of using the spectral decomposition results for the quantitative prediction of thin layer thickness. The forward wedge-modelling results are considered in order to determine the influence of the thickness of a thin layer on the amplitude response in a band-limited frequency range. A field case of the application of the proposed technique of quantitative spectral decomposition interpretation of the 3D common depth point seismic data is presented.
Influence of 5-aminolevulinic acid on physiological and biochemical characteristics of winter wheat varieties with different levels of anthocyanins in coleoptiles
Authors: Averina N. G. , Savina S. M. , Dremuk I. A. , Yemelyanava H. V. , Pryshchepchyk Yu. V. , Usatov А. V.
Published: May 2022

Physiological and biochemical characteristics of two varieties of winter wheat seedlings with red (Et W5) and green (Vladi) coleoptiles have been studied. Variety Et W5 with high content of anthocyanins (on average 412 ± 52 μmol/g fr wt), chlorophylls (Chl) and carotenoids and a low level of heme and proline in coleoptiles had high frost resistance (88 % of surviving plants exposed to temperatures of ‒8 °C for 5 h at the age of 7 days) and a high ability to continue growth and development after undergoing cooling. Variety Vladi with a low content of anthocyanins (on average 12.5 ± 1.2 μmol/g fr wt), Chl and carotenoids, but a higher level of heme and proline in coleoptiles compared to varieties Et W5 had low level of frost resistance (80 % of surviving plants) and was characterized by a low ability to continue growth and development after undergoing cooling. Soaking wheat seeds in a solution of exogenous ALA (50 mg/l) for 2 h before sowing increased the germination of seeds of both varieties, enhanced the length of plants of the Et W5 variety by 10 %, 1.4 times the content of anthocyanins in the coleoptiles of this variety plants and also increased their frost resistance up to 97 %. Under action of ALA frost resistance of Vladi seedlings increased up to 93 %.
Birthrate of Cladocera and its relationship with the size structure of phytoplankton
Authors: Semenchenko V. P.
Published: May 2022

The relationship between the birthrate and biomass of different-group phytoplankton was analyzed during the summer for Daphnia cucullata and Bosmina logirostris in the mesotrophic Drysviaty Lake. The high cross-correlation coefficients were obtained for the birthrate and phytoplankton with a size from 5 to 20 µm. There is no correlation between the birthrate and seston with a size of ≤50 µm. Our results suggest that the total biomass of phytoplankton and seston do not reflect the food availability of cladocerans.
Expression features of the elastogenesis markers in the invasive ductal breast cancer tissue before and after chemotherapy
Authors: Korneeva M. A. , Siamionik I. A. , Rjabceva S. N.
Published: May 2022

The aim of the study is to analyze the changes in the elastic fibers and the expression features of elastinbinding protein-1, lysyl oxidase-1, and tetraspanin CD151 in the invasive ductal breast cancer tissues before and after chemotherapy courses. The study included 34 patients with invasive ductal breast cancer. The patients were divided into two groups: the first group had surgical resection of the tumor before chemotherapy, and the second group had surgical resection of the residual tumor after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The frequency of elastic fibers accumulations around the ducts in patients without chemotherapy was significantly higher (61.1 %) than that in patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (25.0 %). After chemotherapy, the expression of elastin-binding protein-1 changed: the proportion of patients with a strong expression of this protein in tumor cells after chemotherapy increased (62.5 %) in comparison to patients without chemotherapy (16.8 %). The combined cytoplasmic and/or membrane expression of elastin-binding protein-1 in the tumor cells predominated in the second group compared with diffuse cytoplasmic expression (55.0 %) in tumor cells of patients of the first group.
Influence of atmospheric precipitation and lunisolar gravitational forces on radon concentrations in the air in the dispersive soil pores
Authors: Matveyev A. V. , Autushka M. I. , Isachenko S. A.
Published: May 2022

In the present study, the obtained data on the previously unknown behaviors of radon migration in the near-surface atmospheric and soil layers were validated experimentally. The experiment finds two earth origins of radon concentrations occurred in the air in the pores of the near-surface dispersive soil, intragenic and hypogenic, with a considerable atmospheric impact of the liquid forms of precipitation transporting radon from the atmosphere to the ground. The equations were used to establish the mathematical relation between the amounts of precipitation and atmospheric radon. We also assessed a relative contribution of the atmospheric and earth sources to the total radon concentration in the air in the soil pores. The atmospheric source was found to have a sporadically higher impact on the radon levels in the air in the soil pores as against the earth source, depending on the amounts of precipitation and radon concentrations in them. A close correlation was established between the radon concentrations in the soil and the effect of lunisolar gravitational forces on the earth’s crust. The findings of the radon levels in near-surface soils are expected to be applied as one of the criteria for environmental assessment of radon concentrations and associated threats.
Numerical simulation of the magnetic-pulsed processing of axis cutting tools using ANSYS
Authors: Maleronok V. V. , Tsionenko D. A. , Alifanov A. V.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study is an analysis of the numerical simulation results of the magnetic-pulsed processing (MPP) of axis cutting tools using ANSYS. Practical recommendations for the choice of optimal MPP modes are developed on the basis of this analysis. The induction current distribution on the surface of a drill placed in an inductor was obtained using the Ansys Electronics Desktop (Maxwell) module. The time realization of the current pulse in the inductor corresponds to the shape of the experimentally measured pulse waveform. The magnetic pulse is generated by the unit MIU-2. According to the calculation, the magnetic field strength reaches the value h0,1 = 1.247 · 107 [A/m] at a depth of 0.1 mm from the drill surface. Two cases of drill positioning in the inductor are considered: full loading of the drill (the drill is installed on the inductor entire length) and half loading of the drill (the cutting edges are situated in the inductor center). The analysis results show that the density of the induction current has the highest value in the grove of the drill at full loading and in the region of cutting during the discharging in the inductor for the MPP cycle and drill cooling during the charging of the capacitor bank for the repeated MPP cycle) using the Ansys Transient Thermal module. The temperature distribution was obtained for the both options for the location of the drill inside the inductor. The result is that for reinforcing the side surface of the cutting tool (cutting band) the full loading option must be used. For reinforcing the cutting edges the half loading option is more efficient.
Analysis of financial and economic indicators of business entities in the agrofood market in the context of the price policy conducted by the state
Authors: Teterkina A. M. , Boltach A. R.
Published: May 2022

The main directions of price regulation on the agrofood market of the Republic of Belarus are presented. The financial and economic situation of agricultural organizations, as well as food industry enterprises and retailers involved in the production and delivery of the finished product to the consumer through the prism of the transformation of the state pricing policy is analyzed. The results of a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of their functioning are reflected.
Agrarian potential and development perspectives of the liberated territories of Azerbaijan
Authors: Rustamov F. V.
Published: May 2022

The restoration, reconstruction and development of agriculture, as well as other sectors of the economy on the lands that have been under the control of Armenia for many years, is one of the main tasks facing Azerbaijan. The article assesses the agricultural potential of the liberated areas, identifies the vectors of restoration and development of agriculture, justifies the development of new directions of production in the agricultural sector along with traditional ones, and also predicts the expected production indicators in these areas.
Digital technologies as a factor of effective and sustainable development of society
Authors: Vasilevich G. A.
Published: May 2022

The article considers some directions of the use of digital technologies in public life. It is emphasized that in modern conditions they become an important factor in sustainable development. Information technology ensures the implementation of the principle of information openness (transparency), which affects the nature of relations between different subjects of law. Attention is drawn to the positive and negative aspects of the introduction of digital technologies, including personal data protection, the right to decent work and productive employment. Proposals for further development of Belarusian legislation and law enforcement practice are made.
Regulatory and legal regulation of the official production of civil servants elected from the nobility on the territory of Belarus (1773-1862)
Authors: Kovshik Yu. L.
Published: May 2022

One of the key criteria of a civil servant and at the same time an essential element of the institution of public service in the Russian Empire was the rank assigned to the position. It was he who determined the rights and privileges of an official and his place in the official hierarchy. The rank, position, material security (salary, pensions), awarding orders and other insignia, etc. depended on the rank of a civil servant. Obtaining certain ranks in the service gave the employee access to the nobility. The policy of the central government to regulate the rules and procedure of rank production as a process of assignment, promotion, deprivation and renaming of ranks was reflected in legislative acts. The analysis of the Russian legislation showed that the rules of the official production of two groups of civil servants (government and elected from the nobility) differed significantly. Until the 1830s, the order of official production of civil servants elected from the nobility was characterized by haphazardness, lack of proper legislative regulation, fragmentary solution of individual issues without a comprehensive view of the problem. In the 1830s, a number of systemic laws were adopted that settled the problem under consideration. The new rules of rank production were in effect until the very end of the last cadence of officials elected from the nobility in Belarusian history in 1862.
Hormonal Suppression in Female Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) Implanted Subcutaneously with Deslorelin
Authors: Carroll Kelsey E , Mackiewicz Alexis L , Ardeshir Amir , Alber Susan A , Christe Kari L
Published: May 2022

Providing effective contraception for nonhuman primates (NHP) is challenging. Deslorelin acetate is a commercially available gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist that may provide a relatively noninvasive, long-lasting, and potentially reversible alternative to standard NHP
contraception methods. This study evaluated the duration of suppression of progesterone and estradiol in 6 adult female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) that received a single subcutaneous 4.7 mg deslorelin implant. We hypothesized that deslorelin would suppress production of these
hormones for 6 mo with a correspond- ing cessation of menses. Prior to implantation, blood was collected over 1 mo for baseline hormone analyses. Macaques were sedated at the onset of the next menstrual cycle and a 4.7 mg deslorelin implant was placed in the interscapular region. Blood was
collected over the subsequent month at the same intervals used for the baseline collection schedule, and then every 7 d thereafter. Results showed that estradiol and progesterone transiently increased 1 to 3 d after implantation, then fell to basal levels within 6 d of implantation. The duration
of hormone suppression (progesterone <0.5 ng/mL) varied among animals. Two macaques returned to cyclicity by 96 d and 113 d after implantation, while hormones remained suppressed in the other 4 macaques at 6 mo after implantation. Cessation of menses correlated with hormone suppression
except in 1 animal that continued to have sporadic vaginal bleeding despite progesterone remaining below 0.5 ng/mL. This study indicates that deslorelin is a noninvasive and long-lasting contraceptive method in female rhesus macaques. However, individual variation should be considered when
determining reimplantation intervals.
La creación de municipios turísticos como reactualización de los despojos indígenas en el área andina de Neuquén: Villa Pehuenia-Moquehue y Villa La Angostura (Argentina)
Authors: Rodriguez Maria Daniela , Di Nicolo Carolina , Aguirre Carla Sabrina
Published: May 2022

Este trabajo se propone analizar el impacto de la creación de municipios sobre territorio indígena mapuce. El artículo se centra en dos estudios de caso ubicados en la zona andina de la provincia de Neuquén, en la que actualmente se desarrollan actividades turísticas de notoriedad nacional e internacional. Se tendrá en cuenta los procesos de desterritorialización indígena en favor del desarrollo del turismo, las consecuencias de la creación de municipios en las comunidades mapuce, los conflictos territoriales y los modos -propiciados por el Estado- de integración o exclusión indígena de los circuitos turísticos. Para analizar estos factores, se ha acudido a documentación estatal administrativa y judicial, prensa escrita y trabajo de campo etnográfico. Las conclusiones del trabajo se vinculan a las desterritorializaciones comprendidas como un despojo actualizado en el presente. De esta forma, se expresan dos procesos asociados a la creación de municipios, la heterogeneidad presente en las formas de “inclusión” indígena en la actividad turística y el crecimiento de la conflictividad territorial.
TRIANGULAR FINITE ELEMENT WITH SIX-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM NODE
Authors: Yakovlev Aleksandr , Kazakov Oleg , Boldyrev Aleksey
Published: May 2022

The work is devoted to obtaining the stiffness matrix of a high-precision, flat finite element with 6 degrees of freedom in the node, for solving plane elasticity problems by the finite element method.

The scientific literature describes higher order elements. However, the theoretical results of these studies are quite far from their practical application. This paper gives a very detailed derivation of the stiffness matrix of a high-precision finite element. Similarly, a stiffness matrix of a tetrahedral finite element with 12-degree-of-freedom node can be obtained. To test the obtained stiffness matrix, a program based on the FEM was written, with the help of which the cantilever beam is calculated. The error in calculating displacements is only 0.22%.

Conclusion: the stiffness matrix presented in the paper can be used with great success in numerical methods for calculating the stress-strain state.
N.N. POLIKARPOV: LIFE DEDICATED TO THE SKY
Authors: Ivanov Vladimir , Morozova Anna
Published: May 2022

The main results of studying the scientific heritage of the outstanding Russian designer of aviation equipment N.N. Polikarpov are presented. There are major scientific developments and the results of the scientist's research used in the design and modernization of aviation technology, including the present time.
Everyday abstract talk between parents and preschoolers over time: A naturalistic study
Authors: Hazan Hadar , FELLOWS Michelle , Taumoepeau Mele , Reese Elaine
Published: May 2022

We assessed the rate of abstract talk of parents and their children across two days of naturally occurring speech. We hypothesized that 1) parents would use more abstract talk than children, and 2) parents’ abstract talk would predict children’s abstract talk at one-year follow-up. Thirty-five two-parent families with preschoolers wore a recorder for one full weekend day at two timepoints when the children were on average 4 and 5 years old (M = 64 months). From each day’s recording, a total of 150 30-second sound files from each family were transcribed and analyzed using LIWC. Neither hypothesis was supported; both parents and children used little abstract talk in their everyday lives, and parents’ abstract talk largely did not predict children’s abstract talk over time. Instead, children’s abstract talk better predicted parents’ abstract talk over time. These findings suggest that interventions with parents are warranted to promote abstract talk.
SWIFT System Turns Into Economic Sanctions Instrument
Authors: Tulun Teoman Ertuğrul
Published: May 2022

The Western-dominated Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications (SWIFT) is considered the cornerstone of global financial transactions. It was founded in 1973 as a diplomatic alternative to the intense rivalry between New York and London. SWIFT is designed to make international payments quickly and efficiently. However, past examples show that SWIFT can also be used as a weapon, even though it is nominally independent. Alternative global financial transaction systems have been founded due to this possibility of SWIFT being used a weapon. Russia’s System for Transfer of Financial Messages (SPFS) managed one-fifth of all Russia’s financial communications by the end of 2020. China’s Cross-border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) is tiny compared to SWIFT, but already has users in over a hundred countries. CIPS will likely expand its reach and will be seen as an alternative to US and EU-driven Western banking systems. The EU, on 2 March 2022, announced that the Union "agreed to exclude key Russian banks from the SWIFT system". Given that there are already small yet viable alternative global financial transaction systems to SWIFT, it would be prudent not to exclude the possibility that this sanction will cause tectonic shifts on the global financial system.
PENGANTAR SEDERHANA FILSAFAT HUKUM
Authors: Saragih Geofani Milthree
Published: May 2022

Penulis sebelumnya ingin mengatakan bahwa dalam tulisan kali ini Penulis tidak mengarahkan pembaca untuk berfilsafat, namun adalah untuk berkenalan dengan filsafat hukum. Penulis sendiri sebenarnya masih jauh untuk bertemu dengan materi filsafat hukum apabila kita beralasan atas kurikulum yang telah dibuatkan oleh fakultas Penulis (semester 4), namun hal demikian bukan alasan untuk menunda mempelajari filsafat hukum, Penulis sendiri mulai tertarik mengenal filsafat hukum atas dorongan seorang dosen pada saat Penulis masih berada di semester 1 (satu). Sekali lagi Penulis menekankan bahwa tulisan kali ini melihat kematangan diri Penulis dalam berfisafat masih dalam tataran berkenalan dengan filsafat hukum, belum mampu untuk berfisafat dalam arti yang sebenarnya. Penulis dalam tulisan kali ini akan mencoba memperkenalkan filsafat hukum dengan cara socratic method, berangkat dari pertanyaan-pertanyaan dasar mengenai filsafat hukum, yang pada dasarnya jawaban atas pertanyaan tersebut nantinya bukanlah murni dari hasil pemikiran Penulis, tetapi adalah hasil dari pada bacaan Penulis atas beberapa buku filsafat hukum dan beberapa buku filsafat lainnya. Sebelum kita mengenal filsafat hukum mungkin ada baiknya Penulis memperjelas apa itu yang dimaksud dengan “berkenalan dengan filsafat” dan apa bedanya dengan “berfilsafat”.
Peranan Komisi Yudisial dalam Mewujudkan Pengadilan Bersih dalam Sistem Peradilan di Indonesia
Authors: Saragih Geofani Milthree
Published: May 2022

Indonesia adalah negara hukum, hal ini termaktub di dalam Pasal 1 ayat (3) UUD 1945. Penegakan hukum merupakan bagian paling menentukan dalam ketatanegaraan Indonesia sebagai sebuah negara hukum. Dalam prakteknya, lembaga negara Indonesia mengarah pada teori trias politica, dimana terbagi atas tiga kekuasaan secara garis besar, yaitu kekuasaan eksekutif, legislatif dan yudikatif. Secara umum, legislatif dan eksekutif memiliki peranan dalam membentuk hukum (berdasarkan konsep kedaulatan rakyat) dan yudikatif sebagai pelaksana sekaligus pengoreksi hukum tersebut (karena dalam praktiknya seperti di Mahkamah Konstitusi, UUD 1945 dapat menyatakan batal suatu undang-undang). Kekuasaan yudikatif di Indonesia adalah kekuasaan kehakiman yang terdiri dari Mahkamah Agung dan Mahkamah Konstitusi, dimana di sisi kedua kekuasaan kehakiman tersebut ada Komisi Yudisial sebagai lembaga auxiliary. Lahirnya Komisi Yudisial dalam ketatanegaraan negara Indonesia bukan tanpa alasan. Pasalnya, seperti yang dikatakan oleh Mahfud MD di dalam bukunya, bahwa sejak pertengahan 1980-an lembaga peradilan di Indonesia, terkhusus lembaga kekuasaan kehakiman mendapat sorotan tajam karena dililit oleh mafia peradilan, yaitu proses pengadilan yang korup dimana diwarna oleh kolusi antara catur wangsa penegak hukum (hakim, jaksa, polisi dan pengacara). Sehingga dibutuhkan lembaga disamping kekuasaan kehakiman yang berfungsi untuk melakukan pengawasan terhadap kekuasaan kehakiman. Bahkan sebenarnya, gagasan pentingnya pengawasan oleh lembaga eksternal terhadap hakim telah muncul sejak lama, misal di tahun 1968 telah muncul ide untuk membentuk Majelis Pertimbangan Penelitian Hakim (MPPH). Maka dalam makalah ini, penulis akan mengulas lebih lanjut pentingnya keberadaan Komisi Yudisial dalam kekuasaan kehakiman untuk mewujudkan pengadilan bersih.
Public attitudes to social care in Wales following the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Williams Simon Nicholas
Published: May 2022

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has shone further light on some of the challenges facing social care in Wales, as in many countries, and looks to have exacerbated a crisis that was already extant. This has led to the intensification of longer-standing arguments that social reform is necessary and that the pandemic presents an added impetus and opportunity for reform. Methods. An online survey was completed by 2569 respondents between February 11th and March 11th, 2022. Additionally, online focus groups were conducted with a sample of 14 participants. The inclusion criteria were adults aged 18 years and over living in Wales. Results. Four-in-ten of those who felt that they or someone in their household or close family needed social care during the past two years did not receive or make use of it. The pandemic was cited as a major reason why many of those who may have needed social care didn’t access it Satisfaction with social care was variable, with approximately one-third either very or quite dissatisfied, and a little over half either very or quite satisfied with social care services for themselves or a household or close family member. Discussion. Social care policymakers and providers should seek to understand and address what people feel are the main barriers to accessing or using social care, including increasing provision for those who need it, encouraging and enabling those who feel they need social care to apply, consider broadening the eligibility criteria where appropriate, and simplifying the application process.
Weed Management In Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) At Nawalpur Conditions In Sarlahi, Central Terai, Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Rajendra Kumar , Gautam Dayamani Devi , Yadav BP , Gyawaly Pankaj , Chaulagain Bhimsen
Published: May 2022

Groundnut is one of the important summer oilseed crops of Nepal. The area under this crop has decreased considerably in the recent decade due to its high cost of cultivation for weeding and increased labor charge. Crop compete with the repeated flush of diverse weed throughout the growing season which causes substantial yield loss up to 50 -70 %. So, to find out an effective treatment for weed management, an experiment was conducted during 2017 and 2018 with nine treatments laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replications. Treatments were constituted by four herbicides, two pre[1]emergence (pendimethalin and metribuzin) and two post emergences (quizalofop and propaquizafop). Pre emergence herbicide was followed by (fb) by hand weeding (HW) in one treatment and by the post emergence herbicides in another treatment. Cover mulch treatment with groundnut pods shell @ 3.0 t/ha was used. Farmer’s practice treatment consists of one hand weeding and one intercultural operation while no weeded plot was kept as control treatment. Data on weed dynamics, yield attributes and seed yield were varied among the treatments. Pre emergence herbicide supplemented by one hand weeding proved highly effective in controlling weeds. Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i/ha fb one HW showed superior performance in yield attributes, a high percentage (83.0%) of weed control efficiency (WCE), highest grain yield (2005 kg/ha), high benefits (NRs 222450) and BC ratio 2.84 among the treatments. The treatment metribuzin @ 0.5 kg a.i/ha fb one HW was also found as second best treatment with 74.4 % of WCE, yield (1882 kg/ha), benefits of Rs 205060 and BC ratio 2.65.
Managing Weeds In Dry Direct Seeded Rice: A Profound Challenge
Authors: Gyawaly Pankaj , Sah Shrawan Kumar , Bhattarai Rajendra Kumar , Chaulagain Bhimsen , Pantha P.
Published: May 2022

Dry Direct Seeded Rice (DDSR) is a promising technology to address environmental, water, labor and profitability issue that is constantly threatening the rice farming community around the world. Rice yield under DDSR is primarily limited due to weeds. There are instances of complete crop failure in DDSR owing to poorly managed weeds. More than 50 weeds species infest DDSR crop due to aerobic nature of soil confronting a major challenge in the wide spread adoption of dry direct seeding. Direct-seeded rice faces a potential threat from changes in the competing weed flora, with an increase in those species that are difficult to control. This review article presents the prospects of DDSR along with the available weed management strategies such as preventive, physical, chemical, cultural and biological methods and their judicious use. Over reliance on only one approach of managing weeds may be back firing as well. The use of chemical means are getting popular in an alarming rate for being cost effective, without calculating the environmental concerns which might lead to herbicidal resistance and negative consequences to environment and human health. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the environment while shifting from transplanted rice to dry direct seeding, identifying weeds flora and choosing or integrating the best weed management practices foreseeing the future consequences. The logical integration of available weed management options that is ecologically sound, economic and effective for season long weed control is the main essence that ensures the sustainability of rice production.
Optimum Sowing Date And Fertilizer Management For Durum Wheat Genotype DWK 38 In Mid-Hills Condition
Authors: Chaulagain Bhimsen , Bhattarai Rajendra Kumar , Gyawaly Pankaj
Published: May 2022

Durum wheat is relatively new crop for Nepal and research on durum wheat were carried out only by Agriculture Botany Division of Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC). To find the optimum sowing time and fertilizer dose for mid-hills conditions of Nepal, an experiment was carried out in 2017/18 and 2018/19 at Agronomy Division Experimental farm in Khumlatar at an altitude of 1360 masl. The experimental design was factorial randomised complete block design. There were 3 fertilizer level and 4 sowing date constituting 12 treatment combinations. From the combined analysis over years, we found that plant height, days to heading, days to maturity, thousand grain weight and grain yield were found significnat in sowing date whereas number of tillers per square meter, straw yield and harvest index were significant in fertilizer doses. Combined analysis of both years yielded mean grain yield of 5.2 t/ha and thousand grain weight of 48.6 gm respectively. Precipitation during reproductive period (March[1]April) in 2017/18 contributed in higher grain yield than 2018/19. Optimum sowing date of durum wheat for khumaltar condition is no later than 26 November and optimum dose of fertilizer is 125:75:50 N:P2O5:K2O kg/ha.