bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liquid Cooling Utilizing a Hybrid Microchannel/Multi-Jet Heat Sink: A Component Level Study of Commercial Product
Authors: Hoang Cong Hiep , Tradat Mohammad , Manaserh Yaman , Ramakrisnan Bharath , Rangarajan Srikanth , Hadad Yaser , Schiffres Scott , Sammakia Bahgat
Published: December 2020

The miniaturization of microelectronic devices and an increasing demand for faster computing results in high heat flux applications. By adopting direct liquid cooling, the high heat flux and high-power demands can be met. In this paper, thermo-hydraulic performance of a commercial hybrid micro-channel/multi-jet heat sink with water coolant was analyzed in detail. The copper microchannel heat sink with 3 mm fin height, fin thickness of 0.1 mm and channel width of 0.1 mm was used for removing heat flux from the chip surface area of 1″ × 1″(6.45 cm2). Water coolant was directed to microchannel fins by multiple slot jets, continuously providing impingement flow. A three-dimensional numerical simulation using commercial software 6sigmaET is carried out and validated with experimental results. The effects of the coolant inlet temperature and flow rate on the thermo-hydraulic performance was studied. CFD simulation was performed at inlet temperature of 29 °C, 36 °C, 50 °C and 60 °C. Flow rate was varied from 0.7 LPM to 3 LPM. Geometry optimization was performed, considering process of cutting the microchannel into pin fins. It was observed that the thermal resistance of pin-fins/multi-jet heat sink was reduced by 29.4 % as compared to original microchannel/multi-jet heat sink and without changing pressure drop significantly. In this specific heat sink design, the combination of multiple jets and pin fins leads to improvement of thermal performance as compared to micro-channel/multi-jet combination.
Effect of Flex-to-Install and Dynamic Folding on Li-Ion Battery Performance Degradation Subjected to Varying Orientations, Folding Speeds, Depths of Charge and C-Rates
Authors: Lall Pradeep , Soni Ved , Miller Scott
Published: December 2020

The growing need for wearable devices, fitness accessories and biomedical equipment has led to the upsurge in research and development of thin flexible battery research and development. Wearable equipment and other asset monitoring applications require versatile installation of power sources on non-planar surfaces. For power sources in wearable electronics, perseverance towards repetitive mechanical stresses induced by human body motion is necessary along with the usual desirable characteristics such as high capacity, high C-rate capability and good life cycle stability. Prior studies which document the reliability of power sources subject to static and dynamic folding are scarce and at times fail to follow definitive test protocols which limit their application to real-life battery use scenarios. Particularly, the use of manual mechanical stressing of the power sources instead of a mechanical test setup is a key shortcoming in existing literature. Data is lacking on battery life cycling and in-situ mechanical stressing of the power sources including their impact of performance and reliability. Present study aims to overcome these deficiencies by testing a commercial Li-ion power source under static as well as dynamic folding. Furthermore, the fold-orientation and its fold-speed are varied to evaluate the effect of different mechanical stress topologies on the power source. Finally, a regression model was developed to capture the effect of these use parameters on battery capacity degradation.
Evaluation of Single Phase Immersion Cooling System for High Performance Server Chassis Using Dielectric Coolants
Authors: Shao Shuai , Gao Tianyi , Yang Huawei , Zhao Jie , Zhang Jiajun
Published: December 2020

Along with advancements in microelectronics packaging, the power density of processor units has steadily increased over time. Data center servers equipped for high performance computing (HPC) often use multiple central processing units (CPUs) and graphical processing units (GPUs), thereby resulting in an increased power density, exceeding 1 kW per U. Many data center organizations are evaluating single phase immersion technology as a potential energy and resource saving cooling option.

In this work immersion cooling was studied at a power level of 2.7kW/U with a 5U-height immersion cooling tank. Heat generated by a simulated GPU server was transferred to the secondary loop coolant, and then exchanged with the primary loop facility coolant through the heat exchanger. The chiller supply and return temperature and flow rate was controlled for the primary loop.

The simulated GPU server chassis was designed to provide thermal power equivalent to a high power density server. Eight simulated power heaters, of which each unit was the size of a GPU chipset, was assembled in the comparable location to a real IT equipment on a 4U server chassis. Power for the GPU simulated chassis was able to support up to 2700 W maximum. Three investigations for this immersion cooling system evaluation were performed through comprehensive testing. The first is to identify the key decision making factor(s) for evaluating the thermal performance of 4 hydrocarbon-based dielectric coolants, including power parametric analysis, transient analysis, power cycling test, and fluid temperature profiling. The second is to develop an optimization strategy for the immersion system thermal performance. The third is to verify the capability of an 1U heat sink to support high density processor units over 300 W per GPU in an immersion cooling solution.
Experimental Study of Crack Propagation at the PCB/Underfill Interface due to Thermal Aging
Authors: Lall Pradeep , Choudhury Padmanava , Williamson Jaimal
Published: December 2020

Flip-Chip Ball Grid Arrays (FCBGAs) are finding applications in automotive underhood electronics for enablement of safety-critical functions. Underfills needed to reinforce flip-chip interconnects in FCBGAs need to operate reliably under sustained high temperature operation. Underfill-to-substrate interface is one of the primary failure locations under wide thermal excursions and usually a precursor to flip-chip joint failure. In order to assess the reliability in the end application, there is need for understanding the damage progression of the underfill-to-substrate interface as a function of operating time and operating temperature. In this study, the Substrate-UF interface was exposed to high temperature and the interfacial fracture toughness quantified. A three-point composite beam specimen of PCB/Underfill was fabricated to study the interface and thermally aged for periods of 10 days, 30 days, 60 days at temperatures ranging from 100°C to 150°C. Quasi-static bending was used to observe and determine interfacial delamination of the sample specimen. A 2D-Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method was also employed to understand the Crack tip opening displacement (CTOD), crack initiation and the fracture toughness, CTOD were compared with the aging schedule and temperature.
Determination of Anand Parameters From Creep Testing of SAC305 Solder Joints
Authors: Haq Mohammad Ashraful , Hoque Mohd Aminul , Suhling Jeffrey C. , Lall Pradeep
Published: December 2020

Solder Joints are among the most vulnerable components within electronic packages, and solder joint fatigue is regarded to be one of the major methods of electronic package failure. The prediction of solder joint reliability is thus of great importance and most finite element packages utilize the Anand Viscoplastic Model to model the mechanical behavior of the solder joint material. In this work, 3 × 3 arrays of SAC305 solder joints of roughly 750 μm in diameter were reflowed in between two FR-4 printed circuit boards to create a sandwich structural sample. These samples were then subjected to creep testing in shear at various temperatures (T = 25, 50, 75, 100 °C) and stress levels (τ = 5, 10, and 15 MPa). A set of specially designed fixtures was used to grip the solder joint specimens. The nine Anand model constants were then extracted from the creep data. The Anand model predicted creep response curves were then compared with the experimental creep measurements to determine the accuracy of the model. The Anand model predictions were found to match the measured data very well over a wide range of temperatures and stress levels.
Acute CMV hepatitis in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: Suo Mengchen , Ekladious Adel , Sahebolamri Mehdi , Williams-Wyss Olivia
Published: December 2020

A previously well and immunocompetent 64-year-old woman presented with fever of unknown origin and acute hepatitis. Besides headache and nausea, she had no other symptoms. Her clinical examination was unremarkable with no clear focus of infection. She was thoroughly investigated and her biochemical profile suggested a viral or autoimmune aetiology. Multiple imaging modalities gave no further insight. Her serology and subsequent nucleic acid amplification indicated reactivation of latent cytomegalovirus (CMV). Her symptoms resolved with supportive care and no anti-viral therapy was needed. This case report highlights CMV reactivation leading to acute hepatitis in a well, immunocompetent patient.
Case series on variable presentations of tuberculosis of the breast
Authors: Chitrambalam Tharun Ganapathy , Sundaraj Jeyakumar , Christopher Pradeep Joshua , Paladugu Ramyasree
Published: December 2020

Tuberculosis (TB) of the breast is extremely rare and is often mistaken for benign or malignant lesions of the breast. They are rare even in countries which are endemic for TB, like India. The most common type of clinical presentation is a vague lump in the breast, but there are even other types of presentations which are documented. In olden days, there was a lot of dilemma and challenge in diagnosing TB of the breast, but thanks to improved pathological knowledge and the advent of investigations such as QuantiFERON-TB gold and GeneXpert, TB can be diagnosed early nowadays and treated accordingly. In this study series, we report 10 cases of TB of the breast with variable clinical presentations as fibroadenosis, breast abscess, duct ectasia and breast lump on evaluation, and the challenges encountered in establishing the diagnosis.
Concussion of the colon: paediatric patient with traumatic cecal haematoma
Authors: Sharma Ishna , Moote Douglas , Campbell Brendan T
Published: December 2020

A 14-year-old boy was injured from playing football, and subsequently developed worsening abdominal pain. CT of the abdomen and pelvis was concerning for a mass of ascending colon, with free fluid in the pelvis. The patient was emergently taken to the operating room where he was found to have a cecal haematoma. The patient underwent a right hemicolectomy and ileocolostomy and was discharged home just days later without any acute complications. As cecal haematomas are a rare entity, the best approach to management is not well defined. When the diagnosis is uncertain, or if the possibility of full-thickness injury exists, exploratory laparoscopy or laparotomy is the safest approach.
Lethal severe congenital tracheal stenosis with tracheal ring complicating respiratory distress syndrome in an extremely premature infant: first reported case in Qatar with a literature review
Authors: Nimeri Nuha , Ali Haytham , Mahmoud Nazla
Published: December 2020

In the context of prematurity, lethal congenital airways malforamtion can be masked by the symptoms of respiratory distress syndrome. A high index of suspicion is required. We present the case of a 28-week preterm infant, with atypical protracted respiratory insufficiency despite the escalation of mechanical ventilation. The possibility of airway obstruction was considered in view of severe chest retraction while on the mechanical ventilator. It was also difficult to pass suction catheters beyond a certain depth in the trachea; however, intubation of the upper trachea was accomplished twice without difficulty. Flexible bronchoscopy revealed complete tracheal ring with severe tracheal stenosis; there was no evidence of tracheo-oesophageal fistula. Due to advanced multi-organ dysfunction at diagnosis, a decision was made with the family to re-orientate from intensive care to compassionate care. Ethical considerations in similar cases should incorporate the improved outcomes of prematurity and recent advances in tracheal reconstruction.
Diabetic thoracic radiculopathy: a case of a young woman with clinical improvement following immunotherapy
Authors: Taiello Alfonsa C , La Bella Vincenzo , Spataro Rossella
Published: December 2020

Thoracic radiculopathy is a rare cause of thoracic-abdominal or abdominal pain in subjects with poorly controlled diabetes. We present a case of a young woman with type I diabetes and a severe abdominal pain in both lower quadrants. An extensive diagnostic gastroenterological and gynaecological workup did not disclose abnormalities. Electromyography revealed an initial polyneuropathy and significant neurogenic abnormalities in the T10-T12 paravertebral muscles. Following the hypothesis that the radiculopathy-related abdominal pain might have an immuno-mediated pathogenesis, the patient underwent a complex trial of immunotherapy, which was accompanied by a sustained improvement over months to full recovery. This report would support the hypothesis that immune-mediated mechanisms are still active even months after onset of symptoms.
Implementation of a medical education programme for addictions MDT members to improve knowledge and confidence in managing substance users with complex comorbidities
Authors: Edison Marie Alexandra , Browne Bridget , Fehler Jeffrey
Published: December 2020

Background

Public Health England (PHE) has highlighted a rising number of deaths due to addiction, and notable changes in patient profiles. Management is now frequently intertwined with medical comorbidities and polypharmacy, as the patient group presents with more complex needs. Early detection is vital to minimise harm. Mental health frequently needs treating in tandem, but ‘cross-referral’ services can fail to recognise or meet these needs. A cohesive, confident multidisciplinary team (MDT) is vital for holistic care and accelerating recovery in cost-effective ways. Furthermore, MDTs are uniquely placed to effectively broker communications between multiple care inputs.

Methods

MDT members of an addictions centre participated in a three-and-a-half-months education programme, encompassing eight PHE-recommended topics. These related to physical and mental health substance misuse sequelae, and specific population treatment needs.

Results

There was a statistically significant improvement in all areas including: recognising early physical and/or mental health deterioration signs, providing basic health advice and appropriate escalation. Regarding PHE topics, biggest mean improvements were in managing substance misuse with physical comorbidities and pregnancy (38.2% and 35.9% respectively, p<0.0001). Additionally, biological mechanisms increased 26.0%, physical health consequences 24.2%, hepatic disorders 31.7%, older people 31.3%, homeless populations 31.8% and coexisting mental health 24.6% (all p≦0.002). Confidence communicating concerns to internal and external clinicians also increased (14% and 21%, respectively, p≦0.001).

Conclusion

A teaching programme improved MDT knowledge and confidence in early detection, escalation and communication of physical and mental comorbidities associated with substance misuse. This intervention should support harm reduction strategies on individual and wider-community levels. Introducing an education programme ensures a sustainable approach to workforce development and helps facilitate holistic care cost-effectively. Clear communication between multiple ‘cross-referral’ services involved with complex needs is essential for comprehensive integrated care.
Suppression of Mir-886-3P Mediated by Arecoline (Are) Contributes to the Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Yanbo , Wang Xuefeng , Han Shangzhi , Wang Yangyang , Liu Rui , Meng Fanli , Su Zhejun , Huo Feng
Published: December 2020

Previous studies have reported that as the main extract of areca nut, arecoline (ARE) causes DNA damage and in turn contributes to the carcinogenesis of oral epithelial cells. It has been reported that ARE can inhibit the expression of miR-886-3p. In the current study, we aimed to explore the expression and biological functions of miR-886-3p in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Herein, we demonstrated that in OSCC cells treated with ARE, the expression level of miR-886-3p was negatively correlated with the concentration of ARE. Compared with adjacent tissue, the expression level of miR-886-3p in OSCC tissue was remarkably downregulated. Transfection of miR-886-3p mimics markedly decreased viability, migration and invasion of OSCC cells. These experimental data implied that miR-886-3p suppression mediated by ARE took part in the proliferation and metastasis of OSCC. This study can help elucidate the mechanism by which areca nut chewing contributes to the malignant transformation of oral epithelial cells.
Impacts of water temperature on the physiology and behaviours of the sea urchinsHeliocidaris crassispinaandMesocentrotus nudusthat reflect their range extension and disappearance in the Oga Peninsula, northern Honshu, Japan
Authors: Feng Wenping , Nakabayashi Nobuyasu , Inomata Eri , Aoki Masakazu N. , Agatsuma Yukio
Published: December 2020

Ocean warming has facilitated the extension of Heliocidaris crassispina to Oga Peninsula, Japan, where the native species Mesocentrotus nudus has disappeared. To verify the temperature impacts on the physiology and behaviour of the two species, we reared small sea urchins at the increasing–decreasing temperature rate of 2.5 °C·week−1. The righting response, lantern reflex, gonad and gut carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents, and feeding rate were investigated. The high and low temperature limits of H. crassispina were 33.3 and 3.9 °C, respectively, which were higher than those of M. nudus. The optimal temperature ranges for behaviour and feeding in H. crassispina were 10.3–31.0 and 10.3–33.4 °C, respectively, which were higher than those in M. nudus. Feeding rates decreased significantly in both species when the temperature approached the high or low temperature limit, but the gut C and N contents of were not greatly affected. At 26–31 °C, the feeding rate significantly decreased in M. nudus but not in H. crassispina, which may explain the replacement of M. nudus by H. crassispina in the Oga Peninsula.
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products and their sublethal and lethal effects in aquatic organisms
Authors: Srain Harveer S. , Beazley Karen F. , Walker Tony R.
Published: December 2020

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) include over-the-counter and prescription drugs, veterinary drugs, fragrances, and cosmetics. PPCPs have been detected in aquatic environments at low concentrations and are emerging as contaminants of concern. PPCPs are primarily released into aquatic environments via untreated sewage, wastewater treatment plants, landfill leachate and can affect aquatic life through persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. However, there are limited reviews of lethal and sublethal effects of PPCP exposures on aquatic organisms. To understand PPCP toxicity on aquatic organisms, a literature review was conducted that identified aquatic organisms known to be affected by PPCPs; concentrations of PPCPs reported as producing sublethal and lethal effects in aquatic organisms; and research gaps on PPCP aquatic toxicity. Twelve PPCPs were selected from three seminal studies for review, including bisphenol A, carbamazepine, erythromycin, fluoxetine, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, metoprolol, naproxen, nonylphenol, ofloxacin, sertraline, sulfamethoxazole, and triclosan. Many aquatic species were affected by PPCPs at sublethal and lethal exposures, including sublethal effects at environmentally relevant concentrations. Because lethal effects were seldom observed at environmentally relevant concentrations, many studies considered PPCPs non-toxic. Few studies have compared effects of PPCPs on the same organisms for identical exposure parameters (time and concentration), resulting in wide variation in reported toxicity levels with limited consensus in the academic literature. Consensus in lethal concentrations was reported for Daphnia magna with 48 h exposure for bisphenol A and triclosan and Vibrio fischeri with 15 min exposure to carbamazepine. Environmentally relevant sublethal concentrations were higher than water quality guidelines developed for Canada and predicted no-effect concentrations derived globally. Species sensitivity distributions for some PPCPs show that aquatic species are affected lethally at environmentally relevant concentrations. More studies on indirect and long-term ecological effects along with testing chronic toxicity of PPCPs at environmentally relevant concentrations are recommended. These will help guide future research to determine extent and magnitude of PPCP concentrations in aquatic environments and help inform management decisions to reduce sources of PPCPs into the environment. Future management requires effective monitoring strategies regarding use, disposal, occurrence, and impacts at different life cycle stages of PPCPs in the environment.
New criteria and constructions of Brunnian links
Authors: Bai Sheng , Wang Weibiao
Published: December 2020

We present two practical and widely applicable methods, including some criteria and a general procedure, for detecting Brunnian property of a link, if each component is known to be unknot. The methods are based on observation and handwork. They are used successfully for all Brunnian links known so far. Typical examples and extensive experiments illustrate their efficiency. As an application, infinite families of Brunnian links are created and we establish a general way to construct new ones in bulk.
Induced surface and curvature tensions equation of state of hard spheres and its virial coefficients
Authors: Yakovenko Nazar S. , Bugaev Kyrill A. , Bravina Larissa V. , Zabrodin Evgeny E.
Published: December 2020

Here, we present new results obtained for the equation of state with induced surface and curvature tensions. The explicit formulas for the first five virial coefficients of system pressure and for the induced surface and curvature tension coefficients are derived and their possible applications are briefly discussed.
Multi-asset generalized variance swaps in Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard model
Authors: Biswas Subhojit , Mukherjee Diganta , SenGupta Indranil
Published: December 2020

This paper proposes swaps on two important new measures of generalized variance, namely, the maximum eigenvalue and trace of the covariance matrix of the assets involved. We price these generalized variance swaps for Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard model used in financial markets. We consider multiple assets in the portfolio for theoretical purpose and demonstrate our approach with numerical examples taking three stocks in the portfolio. The results obtained in this paper have important implications for the commodity sector where such swaps would be useful for hedging risk.
Recent Progress in High-Voltage Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Kunicky Daniel , Chladil Ladislav , Vanysek Petr
Published: December 2020

This work compares several approaches in the field of high-voltage layered-spinel and Li-rich cathode materials, which could be used in HEVs, PHEVs, and EVs due to their promising electrochemical properties. The commercially used batteries are not satisfying in terms of increasing demand for higher capacities, higher voltage, and eco-friendly materials. The materials discussed in this paper could be an excellent alternate to them as they do not contain cobalt, have good and stable capacity, and are cheaper. There are identified their superior properties throughout the article and at the end is the summary of their representative electrochemical characteristics.
Decomposition of a Potassium-Based Supersaturated Zincate Solution in Electrolytes with Reduced Zinc Solubility
Authors: Smejkal Jan , Chladil Ladislav
Published: December 2020

The decomposition rate of supersaturated zincate electrolytes based on 6 mol·dm-3 KOH was measured and the effect of additives used for reducing zincate solubility (KF, K2CO3, K3PO4) was evaluated. The electrolytes were studied after being aged for 5 years at room temperature. Powder morphology was obtained as a result of recrystallization processes were evaluated. Results indicate that the presence of 1 mol·dm-3 PO4
3- ions reduced the speed of decomposition to less than half. A study of ZnO recrystallization revealed the changes in particle sizes for all additives. Despite the long time of recrystallization processes, ZnO particles grew to different sizes depending on the type of low solubility electrolyte (LSE) used. While the presence of PO4
3- and F- ions promote the particle growth in all directions and thus influence both particle lengths and widths. The presence of carbonate ions CO3
2- reduce the particle sizes and thus could contribute to the growth of a larger active area of electrodes after long-term aging.
Photoelectrochemical Systems for Hydrogen Evolution Using Ion-Conducting Membranes
Authors: Rusetskii Igor A , Kovalenko Leonid L , Slobodyanyuk Ivan A , Danilov Michail O , Fomanyuk Sergii S , Smilyk Vitaliy O , Belous Anatolii G , Kolbasov Gennadii Ya
Published: December 2020

A ceramic Li conducting membrane which consist from Li0.56La0.33TiO3 and an ion-conducting membrane MF4-SK (Nafion type) have been investigated in solutions with different pH values. It was found that the MF4-SK and LiLaTiO3 membranes work effectively in a photoelectrochemical system for the hydrogen evolution. Is shown the fundamental possibility of creating an electrochemical cell with a membrane based on lanthanum-lithium titanates (LiLaTiO3). By using ceramic membrane pH in the cathode chamber of the cell were stable for 2-3 months. The ceramic membrane has an advantage over MF4-SK at a low current density and subject to a decrease in its resistivity (an increase in the area and a decrease in its thickness) to increase the current.
Ex-Situ Cell with Positioner for XRD Measurements in an Inert Atmosphere
Authors: Klvac Ondrej , Ortiz Mariela Gisela , Fafilek Guenter , Vyroubal Petr , Bayer Robert , Cech Ondrej
Published: December 2020

This paper describes the construction of a hermetically insulated cell for post-mortem research of electrode materials of electrochemical power sources. The first part specifies the problems of XRD characterization, followed by a description of the cell solving problems with hermetic insulation and distortion of diffraction patterns. Then, a positioning system for sample displacement error correction is described and tested on the example of the Al2O3 powder standard. Finally, the measurement procedure using the constructed device on the example of a graphite electrode of the Li-ion cell is demonstrated.
Development of a Model-Based Approach to Capture Battery Parameter Degradation in Satellites
Authors: Knap Vaclav , Bęczkowski Szymon Michal , Stroe Daniel-Ioan
Published: December 2020

There is an increasing number of CubeSats being launched on the Earth’s orbit. They are typically based on commercial off-the-shelf batteries that are not primarily designed for space applications. Thus, their actual degradation in this environment needs to be considered, compared to on-ground laboratory conditions. In this work, a model-based method is introduced for tracking the change in battery model parameters, including the battery capacity. The method is based on collected telemetry data and it covers specific and variable battery temperature conditions in CubeSats. However, it is shown that the method is sensitive to telemetry quality, regarding sample resolution and sample loss. Thus, the used settings could not determine battery degradation trends with high confidence. Nevertheless, steps for improvement were identified that shall increase the accuracy of the results in future work.
Thermal Model of Small Li-Ion Battery Pack with Case Made of Phase Change Material
Authors: Toman Marek , Cipin Radoslav , Vorel Pavel
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with a thermal model of a battery pack made of a phase-change material. The model is based on the finite element method and is created in the Ansys software. The performed simulations with different discharge cycles indicate that maximum temperatures are lower compared to a battery pack made of an ordinary material without a possibility of phase change.
Numerical Simulation of Fluid Mixing in Magnetohydrodynamic Micro-Mixer
Authors: Mačák Martin , Vyroubal Petr
Published: December 2020

The presented article describes a numerical model of a magnetohydrodynamic mixer used for transporting and mixing conductive fluids, in which the electromagnetic field drives the fluid flow. The model has been derived from Navier-Stokes equations and coupled with Maxwell equations. Presented simulations investigate the possibility of using circular cross-section channels for magnetohydrodynamic micro-pumps and micro-mixers.
A System Design for Large Scale Production of Elemental Boron by Electrochemical Deposition
Authors: Bilgiç Gülbahar , Şahin Mükerrem , Kaplan Hakan
Published: December 2020

In this study, a new electrolysis melt reactor for large-scale and low-temperature production amorphous elemental boron powders (ABP) equipped with a rotating star cathode electrode in a graphite crucible, which decreases the homogenization time of the boron salts is reported. The electrochemical deposition system has designed to produce high-purity ABP up to 25 kg capacity for a different combination of various salts in different percentage ranges in accordance with commercial production. One of the innovations of the system, the star type iron cathode is rotated bidirectionally and positioned up and down when desired, thanks to the movement transmission shaft. After the design of the melted reactor, ABP has produced using certain proportions of KCl, KBF4, and B2O3 salts. As a result, the melting time of KCl, KBF4, and B2O3 mixed salts was 3.7 h, and the production took place at a low temperature of 480 degrees. The highest cathode current density in production was measured as 1.083 A cm−2. The analyses revealed that an amorphous structured high purity (95.6%) elemental boron (B) particles were produced. The morphology and chemical composition of the highest purity B has characterized using XRD, SEM, EDS, and FTIR analysis.
Semantic dementia: A form of circumscribed cerebral atrophy
Authors: Snowden Julie , Goulding P. J. , Neary David
Published: December 2020

Presents case reports of a 67‐yr‐old man and 2 women (aged 60 and 66 yrs) with primary cerebral atrophy in whom progressive breakdown in language and visual perception are attributed to loss of semantic information. This form of dementia is distinct from that of Alzheimer′s disease and is assumed to represent a form of circumscribed cerebral atrophy with emphasis of pathology in temporal rather than frontal regions of the brain.
Association between Triglyceride‐Glucose Index and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Japanese Population: A Secondary Analysis of a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liu En-qian , Weng Ya-ping , Zhou Ai-ming , Zeng Chun-lai
Published: December 2020

Triglyceride‐glucose index (TyG index) is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but research on this relationship is limited in Japan. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between TyG index and the risk of T2DM in the Japanese population. Here, 12732 participants were selected from the NAGALA study (NAfld in the Gifu Area, Longitudinal Analysis) conducted between 2004 and 2015 for a retrospective cohort analysis. The association between TyG index and T2DM was assessed using the Cox proportional‐hazard model. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, waist circumference, BMI, and follow‐up duration. The formula for TyG index was expressed as ln [fasting triglyceride level (mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose level (mg/dL)/2]. After follow‐up, 150 (1.18%) patients developed T2DM. After adjusting for potential confounders, a linear relationship was observed between TyG and the risk of T2DM. After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, waist circumference, HDL‐cholesterol, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, regular exercise, smoking status, and alcohol consumption, TyG index, as a continuous variable, was associated with an increased risk of T2DM (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.79; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.25‐2.57). Compared with the first quartile of TyG index, subjects in the fourth quartile were 2.33‐fold more likely to develop T2DM (aHR 2.33, 95% CI 1.09‐4.96; P for trend 0.0224). Subgroup analyses showed that the association between TyG index and incident T2DM stably existed in different subgroups according to the variables tested. Therefore, TyG index was linearly related to the risk of incident T2DM in the Japanese population and may be used as a monitoring tool.
Model Experimental Study on Stress Transfer and Redistribution in a Clay Landslide under Surcharge Load
Authors: Hou Heng-Jun , Wang Bo , Deng Quan-Xiang , Zhu Zheng-Wei , Xiao Feng
Published: December 2020

Stress transfer and redistribution always accompany with the evolution of landslides. However, previous literature studies have mainly focused on stages of stress variation, and far too little attention has been paid to detailed transfer and redistribution process analysis on stress variation. In this paper, a large‐scale clay model slope with masonry slide bed and prefabricated cambered slip surface was constructed. Earth pressure cells were embedded into slip mass to monitor vertical and horizontal stresses in different parts of the test soils under the set load sequence. Stress transfer efficiency (STE) indicators based on qualified stress monitoring datasets (tested by Shapiro‐Wilk method) were established to quantify the stress transfer process. Staged development of stress inside the clay slope was analyzed through extracting slopes of stress curves and limit loads. The stress redistribution process was analyzed using STE and deflection of stress isolines derived from numerical simulation. Moreover, to study the influence of loading position on stress variation, geometry partitioning has also been discussed. Results showed that vertical and horizontal stresses had different growth trends on both sides of 80 kN and 60 kN, respectively. Horizontal stress growth has two stages; vertical stress growth has two stages in soils close to slope surface and shear outlet, while there are three stages in other soils. Vertical stress transfer efficiency (VSTE) and horizontal stress transfer efficiency (HSTE) are recommended to quantify stress transfer and redistribution process. Based on VSTEs and HSTEs, the slip mass could be partitioned into three parts: loading zone, transfer zone, and free zone. Deflecting amplitudes of stress isolines were in consistency with the results revealed by STEs.
Greedy Intersection-Mode Routing Strategy Protocol for Vehicular Networks
Authors: Mahmoud Marwan , Al-Khasawneh Mahmoud Ahmad
Published: December 2020

The advantages of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have been acknowledged, particularly during the last decade. Furthermore, VANET-related issues have been addressed by different researchers. Forwarding information professionally in a VANET is considered a challenging task precisely at the intersections where forwarding the information turns out to be extremely problematic. To elucidate this problem, many researchers have established routing protocols. The improved greedy perimeter stateless routing protocol (IGPSR) has been suggested, in the direction of employing greedy-mode proceeding traditional transportation's streets as well as to employ intersection-method at the joints. In view of greedy mode, the selection of the following stage is as in GPSR. By contrast, in the mode at an intersection, we would expect the vehicle guidelines to govern the following stage. The recreated consequences expose the algorithm, which is anticipated to undeniably demonstrate its competency.
Sizing of a Standalone PV System with Battery Storage for a Dairy: A Case Study from Chile
Authors: Viveros Pablo , Wulff Francisco , Kristjanpoller Fredy , Nikulin Christopher , Grubessich Tomás
Published: December 2020

In this paper, a stochastic simulation model for a standalone PV system sizing is replicated and extended to supply a dairy’s power demand. A detailed hourly-based simulation is conducted considering an hourly load profile and global solar radiation prediction model. The stochastic simulation model is based on a thorough statistical analysis of the solar radiation data and simulates the energy yield, the excess energy curtailed, and the state of charge of the batteries for the sizing month and the whole year, providing the designer autonomy factor valuesdto properly size the PV system, finding the optimum combination of installed peak powerPmand battery storage capacityCLthat meets the application load requirements, considering a preset reliability level at minimum cost. The model makes use of the NASA’S Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy database to obtain solar radiation data. Results show a substantial reduction of 44% in installed peak power and battery storage capacity when compared to conventional methodologies, considering three days of autonomy, and an 85% reduction considering four days. Considering the goodness of fit test results, the Wakeby distribution best represents the behavior of historical solar radiation data for the site in almost half of the months. This article seeks to contribute to the literature gap in the application of methodologies for the multicomponent power supply in the dairy industry through the use of renewable energy.
Vhavenda Herbal Remedies as Sources of Antihypertensive Drugs: Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Studies
Authors: Mudau Gundo , Odeyemi Samuel , Dewar John
Published: December 2020

Hypertension is a dominant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular, kidney, and eye diseases. In Africa, it increasingly leads to hospitalisation and a strain on the public health system. However, rather than modern medicine, African traditional healers are the first choice for most South Africans. Therefore, this study is aimed at gathering information on herbal remedies traditionally used for the treatment of high blood pressure in Vhavenda, South Africa, and comparing this information with reports in the literature regarding plants used to manage high blood pressure. An ethnobotanical survey was carried out in Vhembe district and its environs with 53 herbalists and indigenous people aged between 36 and 66 years from January to October 2019 using a semistructured questionnaire. The plants were collected with each respondent; they were authenticated and kept in herbarium. A total of 51 different plants were mentioned as being most commonly used for hypertension treatment. Of these, 44 plants were identified, with those from the Fabaceae family followed by plants from the Celastraceae family being commonly mentioned. Of these, the Elaeodendron transvaalense, Tabernaemontana elegans, Elephantorrhiza elephantina, and Aloe vossii were commonly cited species. According to the literature data, most of the identified plants are yet to be scientifically investigated for the treatment of hypertension, whereas only preliminary investigations have been carried out on other plants, suggesting that these preliminary investigations may have highlight promising antihypertensive activities in vitro that are indicative of their potential as antihypertensive drugs. Therefore, there is a need to scientifically investigate the antihypertensive potentials of these plants as a potential source of antihypertensive treatment and compounds.
Quartic Integral in Rigid Body-Gyrostat Dynamics
Authors: Mnasri C. , Elmandouh A. A.
Published: December 2020

In this work, we investigate the problem of constructing new integrable problems in the dynamics of the rigid body rotating about its fixed point as results of the effect of a combination of potential and gyroscopic forces possessing a common symmetry axis. We introduce two new integrable problems in a rigid body dynamics that generalize some integrable problems in this field, known by names of Chaplygin and Yehia–Elmandouh.
Third-Order Neutral Delay Differential Equations: New Iterative Criteria for Oscillation
Authors: Moaaz Osama , Mahmoud Emad E. , Alharbi Wedad R.
Published: December 2020

This study is aimed at developing new criteria of the iterative nature to test the oscillation of neutral delay differential equations of third order. First, we obtain a new criterion for the nonexistence of the so-called Kneser solutions, using an iterative technique. Further, we use several methods to obtain different criteria, so that a larger area of the models can be covered. The examples provided strongly support the importance of the new results.
Fixed Point Results viaG-Function over the Complete Partialb-Metric Space
Authors: Alzaid Sara Salem , Fulga Andreea , Alqahtani Badr
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we consider an auxiliary functionGto combine and unify several existing fixed point theorems in the setting of the complete partialb-metric space. We consider also some examples to support the observed main results.
Operational Safety Risk Assessment for the Water Channels of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project Based on TODIM-FMEA
Authors: Li Huimin , Ji Li , Li Feng , Li Hairui , Sun Qingguo , Li Zhihong , Yan Hongmei , Guan Wei , Wang Lunyan , Ma Ying
Published: December 2020

The South-to-North Water Diversion Project consists of long-distance water delivery channels and a complicated geological environment along the way. To deal with the operation safety of the water conveyance channels in the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, this study analyzes six failure modes: structural cracks, poor water delivery during ice periods, instability of canal slopes, material aging, abnormal leakage, and foundation defects. Based on FMEA, a multigranularity language evaluation method that can be converted into interval intuitionistic fuzzy numbers is used to evaluate the severity (S), occurrence (O), and detection difficulty (D) of the six failure modes. Interval intuitionistic fuzzy entropy is used to calculate the weights of the risk factors. Finally, a ranking model of each failure mode is built based on the TODIM method. The final ranking results show that the risk of abnormal leakage is the largest, and the risk of poor water delivery during ice periods is the smallest. The feasibility and validity of the calculation results are verified by comparing them with the ranking results of the traditional RPN and TOPSIS methods. The TODIM-FMEA risk assessment model offers a new solution to the problem of risk assessment for water transfer projects.
On New Type of
F
-Contractive Mapping for Quasipartial
b
-Metric Spaces and Some Results of Fixed-Point Theorem and Application
Authors: Zidan A. M. , Al Rwaily Asma
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we introduce the concept of new type of

F

-contractive type for quasipartial b-metric spaces and some definitions and lemmas. Also, we will prove a new fixed-point theorem in quasipartial

b

-metric spaces for

F

-contractive type mappings. In addition, we give an application which illustrates a situation when Banach’s fixed-point theorem for complete quasipartial

b

-metric spaces cannot be applied, while the conditions of our theorem are satisfying.
Helicobacter pylori Prevalence in Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Specimen
Authors: Sabbah Nada A. , Saoud Carla Z. , Deeb Mary , Nasser Selim M.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has become a common surgical procedure. The value of routine histopathologic examination of the LSG specimens remains, however, a controversial issue. Helicobacter pylori was the most prevalent finding in several previous studies, but the overall results were dissimilar. We aim to assess the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and other histopathologic findings in LSG specimens and the effect of increasing the number of sections for histology, from LSG specimens, on the rates of abnormal findings. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the histopathologic data of all patients who had undergone LSG, in a tertiary care center, over a 4-year period (

n
=
481

). Patient characteristics and histopathologic findings were recorded and analyzed. Results. Inactive chronic gastritis was the most common histopathologic finding (62.16%) followed by Helicobacter pylori gastritis (35.34%). Intestinal metaplasia was identified in 1.66% of the cases. There was no diagnosis of malignancy. Increasing the number of sections submitted for histopathologic examination resulted in a significantly higher rate of H. pylori gastritis detection. Conclusion. Routine histopathologic examination of LSG specimens may detect H. pylori in a significant proportion of patients, and increasing the number of sections for histology from LSG specimens improves the rate of detection of this bacterium and identifies individuals who may benefit from treatment.
Relationship between the Shear Strength and the Depth of Cone Penetration in Fall Cone Tests
Authors: Zeng Xing , Li Yuheng , Liu Xi , Yao Jing , Lin Zhi
Published: December 2020

The determination of liquid limit is of great significance in the engineering classification of soil and the selection of the control standard of highway subgrade packing and compactness. Based on the research achievements of many scholars on the relationship between the shear strength and the depth of cone penetration in fall cone tests in the liquid limit tests, the process of penetration was analyzed according to the Law of Conservation of Energy, and the expression of K was derived. Then, the expression was verified by the experimental data of different scholars and the existing data of various countries and institutions. And, the results were also compared with those obtained by the previous scholars using limit equilibrium theory. The results indicate that the new expression is in good agreement with the experimental results. K can be predicted well. And so, the shear strength can be calculated based on the depth of cone penetration, and then, the experimental value of the shear strength can be compared with the calculated value through laboratory tests. The influence of cone weight and cone angle on the shear strength calculation was analyzed. In addition, the liquid limit index of different standards was discussed based on the expression of K, and suggestions on how to achieve relative combination of different codes and standards were raised, which was very helpful for international communication.
Health Condition Assessment of Marine Systems Based on an Improved Radar Chart
Authors: Zhang Yuewen , Zhang Peng , Zhang Boshen , Sun Peiting
Published: December 2020

Since health assessment plays a significant role in marine systems (MSs), it has caught the attention of researchers. In this study, a powerful evaluation method called an improved radar chart was developed as a means of reliability estimation. General evaluation methods applied in the comprehensive evaluation of MS are slightly insufficient in terms of considering index coordination. However, the application of a radar chart can solve this problem. To improving the shortcomings of a traditional radar chart, the fuzzy centralization statistical theory and the entropy weight were combined in this study to obtain the comprehensive weight. The weight could be converted into an angle, and it could reflect the influence degree of the indexes on the evaluation objects. Additionally, an angle bisector was introduced as an index axis, and the eigenvector was extracted to get the unique evaluation result. The result showed that the proposed method could achieve the continuous online monitoring of the system state, and the reliable and accurate assessment results were able to provide a reference for condition-based maintenance and decision-making.