bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Positron Puzzle
Authors: Siegert Thomas
Published: April 2023

The Positron Puzzle is a half-century old conundrum about the origin of the Galactic $\gamma $
γ
-ray emission line at photon energies of 511 keV, and the shape of its morphology, showing a bulge-to-disk luminosity ratio of $\sim 1$
∼
1
– unlike any astrophysical source distribution. Positrons ($\mathrm {e}^{+}\mathrm {s}$

e
+

s
) that have been cooled to the eV scale capture electrons ($\mathrm {e}^{-}\mathrm {s}$

e
−

s
) and form the intermediate bound state of Positronium (Ps) which decays on a nano-second timescale into two or three photons. Assuming the emission to originate from the Galactic bulge, centre, and disk, a visible annihilation rate in the Milky Way of $\sim 5 \times 10^{43}\,\mathrm{e^{+}\,s^{-1}}$
∼
5
×

10

43

e
+

s

−
1

has to be explained, either by a quasi-steady state of production and annihilation, or by possibly multiple burst-like events that flood the Galaxy with $\mathrm {e}^{+}\mathrm {s}$

e
+

s
, then fading away on a Myr timescale.

In this paper, I will review what the real Positron Puzzle is, where data and simulations have been used inadequately which resulted in false claims and an apparent quandary, what we really know and absolutely not know about the topic, and how this epistemic problem might be advancing.
Sexual Boundary Violations: Exploring How the Interplay Between Violations, Retributive, and Restorative Responses Affects Teams
Authors: van Baarle Eva , van Baarle Steven , Widdershoven Guy , Bal Roland , Weenink Jan-Willem
Published: April 2023

Studying and discussing boundary violations between people is important for potentially averting future harm. Organizations typically respond to boundary violations in retributive ways, by punishing the perpetrator. Interestingly, prior research has largely ignored the impact of sexual boundary violations and retributive dynamics on teams. This is problematic as teams provide an obvious setting not only to detect and discuss troubling behavior by peers, but also for learning how to prevent future harm. Therefore, in this study we explore team-level experiences regarding sexual boundary violations and organizational responses to these incidents. Drawing on an in-depth case study, our findings shed light on the profound negative consequences of a retributive organizational response to sexual boundary violations. Additionally, our findings show how a restorative approach, inviting teams to reflect on the violations and their impact, can help teams to recover. Our main contribution involves a model that demonstrates how the interplay between sexual boundary violations, retributive, and restorative organizational responses affects teams. This model shows how combining these responses can acknowledge distress within teams, heal relationships between team members through dialogue, and open up the possibility to learn from these events. This model extends prior research focusing on individual actions and outcomes regarding violations. Additionally, by combining retributive and restorative organizational responses in one model, we extend the literature on restorative organizational responses to boundary violations.
Does academic freedom matter for global student mobility? Results from longitudinal network data 2009–2017
Authors: Vögtle Eva Maria , Windzio Michael
Published: April 2023

Academic freedom and global student mobility are both topics high on the scientific and political agenda. However, the relationship between transnational student mobility and academic freedom in national higher education systems has not yet been investigated cross-nationally. This study intends to answer the question on how a countries’ level of academic freedom impacts on its’ attractiveness as a study destination. We analyse this connection from a network analytic perspective. While our data covers 167 countries as receivers and senders, our network analysis takes the attributes of countries and their relationship to each other into account in order to estimate the net effect of academic freedom ties in the network of global student mobility. We expect global student mobility to be directed from countries with low levels of academic freedom to countries with high levels of academic freedom. At the same time, academic freedom might be an attractive characteristic of a country to retain students in its domestic higher education system.
Lessons from the Women and Gender Constituency: Interrogating Civil Society Strategies for Organising in the UNFCCC
Authors: Flavell Joanna
Published: April 2023

While scholarship on the topic of gender and the environment is steadily growing, little is known about the challenges faced and successes seen by women and gender NGOs operating as a central part of environment-focused civil society. In this paper, I offer such an analysis, examining the political strategies—rhetorical and procedural—mobilised by the Women and Gender Constituency (WGC) in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). I argue that the WGC has seen lots of success in mobilising arguments that foreground women’s vulnerability to the effects of climate change. But at the same time, the constituency has seen far more resistance to more intersectional feminist arguments that interrogate the role of masculinised discursive power in shaping climate politics. This is at least in part a result of a wider structure of civil society that pigeonholes different identities (e.g. gender, youth, indigenous peoples) in a way that separates their deeply interconnected struggles. Understanding this structural barrier, or dark side of civil society, is crucial to envisioning a more fruitful integration of civil society in sustainability politics.
Using Life Course Theory to Explore the Association Between Autistic Traits, Child, Family, and School Factors and the Successful Transition to Secondary School
Authors: Whelan Moira , McGillivray Jane , Rinehart Nicole J.
Published: April 2023

Life Course Theory contends that school transitions can interrupt academic and wellbeing trajectories, depending on child, family, and school factors. Hierarchical regression analyses examined how autistic traits were associated with school transition outcomes. Autistic traits explained 12% of the variance in Quality of Life (QOL), 24% of the variance in mental health and 9% of the variance in school belonging. When autistic traits were accounted for, gender was a significant predictor of changes in QOL whereas changes in school belonging were predicted by cognitive functioning, parent education, school attendance and school refusal. Changes in mental health after transition were mostly predicted by family factors including family structure, family functioning and parent education but were also significantly predicted by sleep problems.
Alexithymia and Alcohol Use: Evaluating the Role of Interoceptive Sensibility with the Revised Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness
Authors: Lyvers Michael , Thorberg Fred Arne
Published: April 2023

Alexithymia has been linked to risky or problematic alcohol use, with a common interpretation invoking deficient emotion regulation and use of alcohol to cope with distress. An alternative explanation positing a general deficit of interoception in alexithymia suggested that poor awareness of internal cues of overconsumption may promote excessive drinking. The present study assessed predictions based on these hypotheses in 337 young adult alcohol users recruited online. Participants completed validated questionnaire indices of alcohol use, alexithymia, emotion regulation, interoceptive sensibility, and sensitivity to reward and punishment. Alcohol use was positively correlated with alexithymia and reward sensitivity, and negatively correlated with emotion regulation as expected, but was uncorrelated with interoceptive sensibility. Alexithymia was not significantly correlated with most dimensions of interoceptive sensibility but was highly negatively correlated with emotion regulation. Hierarchical regression controlling for demographic variables indicated that alexithymia, emotion regulation, sex, and sensitivity to reward and punishment were significant predictors of alcohol use levels. Bootstrapped mediation test controlling for all other variables indicated mediation of the association between alexithymia and alcohol use by deficient emotion regulation but not interoceptive sensibility. Results supported the emotion regulation deficit interpretation of the association of alexithymia with alcohol use. Limitations concerning interoception measurement, online samples, self-report measures, cross-sectional designs, and collection of data during the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed. Future research could follow up on these findings by testing interoceptive accuracy in addition to interoceptive sensibility in relation to alexithymia and alcohol use.
Experimental and analytical study of the influence of the incident heat flux in cables heat release
Authors: Lázaro David , Alonso Alain , Lázaro Mariano , Jiménez Miguel Ángel , Alvear Daniel
Published: April 2023

Cone calorimeter is widely used to study fire behaviour of materials employing small size samples. This equipment allows obtaining parameters such as time to ignition (TTI), heat of combustion, mass loss rate (MLR), or heat release rate (HRR) under different heat fluxes. Some studies have considered a linear fitting between MLR and HRR peaks and the incident heat flux. In accordance with this hypothesis, the computer model Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) has included a simple model to extrapolate burning rate data collected from a cone calorimeter test to the heat feedback occurring during a simulation. Nevertheless, deviation in the prediction of the HRR peaks at 75 kW m−2 of approximately 39.3% and of 37.1% for the first and second peak, respectively, were found. Therefore, this work presents a correlation between the incident heat flux and the global HRR per unit area curve, testing up to five different cables and several heat fluxes. To do so, some modifications of the FDS correlation are performed to consider the effect of the flame heat flux in the decomposition of the cables. Once experimental data are acquired, a computational analysis is carried out using FDS to achieve the flame heat flux in the samples. Additionally, this flame heat flux has also been obtained from the literature. As a conclusion, the addition of the flame heat flux to the cone calorimeter incident heat flux provides better predictions than the linear fitting methodology defined in the FDS Guide. Furthermore, this correction is checked with: (1) the example included in FDS guide, decreasing the HRR peaks errors from around 38% to around 25%; and (2) to seven different cables from the literature, decreasing the HRR peaks relative errors, as average, from 14.2 to 9.5% approximately.
Where did you come from and where are you heading to, thermal analysis of heating effects?
Authors: Šesták Jaroslav
Published: April 2023

The review summarizes the current state, outlook and development of the field of thermal analysis, emphasizing the study of thermal effects as the basis of all other methodologies. Heat and its understanding intertwines throughout the entire civilization from the Greek philosophers through the middle ages to today’s advanced technological era. The foundations of the field of thermal analysis, where heat acts as its own agent, date back to the nineteenth century, and the calorimetric evaluation of heat fluxes became the basis. It views the processes of calibration and rectification specifies the iso- and noniso- degrees of transformation, explains the role of the equilibrium background, which is especially necessary in kinetics. It introduces a new concept of thermodynamics with regard to the constancy of first derivatives and discusses the role of standard temperature and its non-equilibrium variant—tempericity. It describes the constrained states of glasses and assesses the role of dimensions in material science. Finally yet importantly, it deals with the influence of thermoanalytical journals, their role in presenting unusual results, and discusses the role of the dissident science. It also describes the level and influence of adequate books and finally describes discussions and perspectives, i.e. where to look better interpretation for and what is the influence of current over-sophisticated devices.
Localizing and prioritizing roof greening opportunities for urban heat island mitigation: insights from the city of Krefeld, Germany
Authors: Brenner Jana , Schmidt Stefan , Albert Christian
Published: April 2023

Context

Climate change may increase the frequency, intensity, and occurrence of urban heat islands (UHI) in cities worldwide, often with harmful impacts on citizens. Strategic planning and implementation of multifunctional green roofs promises to help mitigating UHI effects, but cities often lack up-to-date scientific understanding of best-suited locations.

Objectives

The aim of this paper is to develop and apply a socio-ecological approach to explore and prioritize present and prospective opportunity spaces for roof greening based on remote sensing data to mitigate UHI effects.

Methods

The city of Krefeld, Germany, serves as a case study. The research design consists of three steps, applied to the conditions of 2019 and a 2030 scenario: (i) Examining residents’ vulnerability to heat, (ii) Assessing existing green roofs and potentials for greening, and (iii) Prioritizing opportunity spaces for roof greening to reduce UHI effects.

Results

Findings showed that the area of high vulnerability due to combined high heat exposures and densities of sensitive residents in Krefeld accounts for almost 300 hectares in 2019 and may triple until 2030. More than 90% of evaluated horizontal roofs have no vegetation cover. Highest priority for roof greening is attributed to 59 ha and 113 ha of roofs in 2019 and 2030, respectively.

Conclusions

The findings can inform strategic roof greening efforts for climate adaptation, e.g. for the extension of cadasters, and facilitate communication to increase understandings, public and policy support, and implementation.
Novel imaging techniques in refractory pituitary adenomas
Authors: MacFarlane J , Huynh KA , Powlson AS , Kolias AG , Mannion RJ , Scoffings DJ , Mendichovszky IA , Cheow HK , Bashari WA , Jones J , Gillett D , Koulouri O , Gurnell Mark
Published: April 2023

Accurate localization of the site(s) of active disease is key to informing decision-making in the management of refractory pituitary adenomas when autonomous hormone secretion and/or continued tumor growth challenge conventional therapeutic approaches. In this context, the use of non-standard MR sequences, alternative post-acquisition image processing, or molecular (functional) imaging may provide valuable additional information to inform patient management.
Schatten Classes and Commutator in the Two Weight Setting, I. Hilbert Transform
Authors: Lacey Michael , Li Ji , Wick Brett D.
Published: April 2023

We characterize the Hilbert–Schmidt class membership of commutator with the Hilbert transform in the two weight setting. The characterization depends upon the symbol of the commutator being in a new weighted Besov space. This follows from a Schatten class Sp result for dyadic paraproducts, where $1< p < \infty $
1
<
p
<
∞
. We discuss the difficulties in extending the dyadic result to the full range of Schatten classes for the Hilbert transform.
Performance of molybdenum vanadate loaded on bentonite for retention of cesium-134 from aqueous solutions
Authors: Ghaly Mariam , Abass Mohamed Ragab , Mekawy Zakaria Ali
Published: April 2023

This article studied the sorption behavior of Cs(I) ions from aqueous solutions onto molybdenum vanadate@bentonite (MoV@bentonite) composite. MoV@bentonite has been fabricated using the precipitation method and was characterized by different analytical tools including, FT-IR, XRD, and SEM attached with an EDX unit. The sorption studies applied on Cs(I) ions include the effect of contact time, pH, initial metal concentrations, ionic strength, desorption, and recycling. The experimental results revealed that in the adsorption process carried out after equilibrium time (300 min), saturation capacity has a value of 26.72 mg·g−1 and the sorption of Cs(I) ions is dependent on pH values and ionic strength. Sorption kinetic better fit with the pseudo-second-order model; sorption isotherms apply to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm models. Data of thermodynamic parameters indicate that sorption is spontaneous and endothermic. Recycling experiments show that MoV@bentonite could be used for 7 cycles and the best eluant for the recovery of Cs(I) ions is 0.1 M HCl (76.9%). All the obtained data clarify that MoV@bentonite is considered a promising sorbent for the sorption of Cs(I) ions from aqueous solutions.
Study of the human hippocampal formation: a method for histological and magnetic resonance correlation in perinatal cases
Authors: González Fuentes Joaquín , Cebada-Sánchez Sandra , Arroyo-Jiménez Maria del Mar , Muñoz-López Mónica , Rivas-Infante Eloy , Lozano Guillermo , Mansilla Francisco , Cortes Francisca , Insausti Ricardo , Marcos Pilar
Published: April 2023

Little information is available on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) determination of the hippocampal formation (HF) during the perinatal period. However, this exploration is increasingly used, which requires defining visible HF landmarks on MRI images, validated through histological analysis. This study aims to provide a protocol to identify HF landmarks on MRI images, followed by histological validation through serial sections of the temporal lobe of the samples examined, to assess the longitudinal extent of the hippocampus during the perinatal period. We examined ex vivo MRI images from nine infant control brain samples. Histological validation of the hippocampal formation MRI images was obtained through serial sectioning and examination of Nissl-stained sections at 250 μm intervals along the entire length of the hippocampal formation. Up to six landmarks were identified both in MRI images and the serial histological sections. Proceeding in an anterior to posterior (rostrocaudal) direction, these were as follows: 1) the limen insulae (fronto-temporal junction); 2) the beginning of the amygdaloid complex; 3) the beginning of the lateral ventricle; 4) the caudal limit of the uncus, indicated by the start of the lateral geniculate nucleus (at the level of the gyrus intralimbicus); 5) the end of the lateral geniculate nucleus (beginning of the pulvinar); and 6) the beginning of the fornix. After histological validation of each of these landmarks, the full longitudinal length of the hippocampal formation and distances between landmarks were calculated. No statistically significant differences were found in total length or between landmarks. While the HF is anatomically organized at birth, its annotation is particularly challenging to perform. The histological validation of HF landmarks allows a better understanding of MRI images. The proposed protocol could be useful to assess MRI hippocampal quantification in children and possible variations due to different neurological diseases.
Protecting Police Officers Against Burnout: Overcoming a Fragmented Research Field
Authors: Correia Isabel , Romão Ângela , Almeida Andreia E. , Ramos Sara
Published: April 2023

This study aims to identify the determinants of burnout in police officers. We considered a wide range of psychosocial risk factors, individual variables that have been previously found to be associated with burnout in police officers (affective and cognitive empathy, self-care), and variables whose unique impact on burnout of police officers needs further clarification (organizational justice and organizational identification). The study was conducted in Portugal, and the sample was constituted by 573 members of the National Republican Guard (GNR—Guarda Nacional Republicana). The participants were invited to answer an online anonymous survey, which included previously validated measures of the following variables: burnout (exhaustion and disengagement), psychosocial risk factors, self-care, empathy (cognitive and affective), organizational justice, and organizational identification. Furthermore, we controlled for the potential impact of demographic variables (age, gender, years of professional experience, religiosity, political orientation, and income). Multiple regression analysis showed that when taken together, only a few of the variables associated with burnout had a unique impact on both exhaustion and disengagement: quantitative demands and affective empathy were burnout risk factors; meaningful work, organizational justice (distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice), and organizational identification were burnout protective factors. Our results highlight the importance of developing theoretical models and planning interventions to prevent burnout in police officers, focusing mainly on the above-mentioned variables.
Exploring the Impact of Tensions in Stakeholder Norms on Designing for Value Change: The Case of Biosafety in Industrial Biotechnology
Authors: Asin-Garcia Enrique , Robaey Zoë , Kampers Linde F. C. , Martins dos Santos Vitor A. P.
Published: April 2023

Synthetic biologists design and engineer organisms for a better and more sustainable future. While the manifold prospects are encouraging, concerns about the uncertain risks of genome editing affect public opinion as well as local regulations. As a consequence, biosafety and associated concepts, such as the Safe-by-design framework and genetic safeguard technologies, have gained notoriety and occupy a central position in the conversation about genetically modified organisms. Yet, as regulatory interest and academic research in genetic safeguard technologies advance, the implementation in industrial biotechnology, a sector that is already employing engineered microorganisms, lags behind. The main goal of this work is to explore the utilization of genetic safeguard technologies for designing biosafety in industrial biotechnology. Based on our results, we posit that biosafety is a case of a changing value, by means of further specification of how to realize biosafety. Our investigation is inspired by the Value Sensitive Design framework, to investigate scientific and technological choices in their appropriate social context. Our findings discuss stakeholder norms for biosafety, reasonings about genetic safeguards, and how these impact the practice of designing for biosafety. We show that tensions between stakeholders occur at the level of norms, and that prior stakeholder alignment is crucial for value specification to happen in practice. Finally, we elaborate in different reasonings about genetic safeguards for biosafety and conclude that, in absence of a common multi-stakeholder effort, the differences in informal biosafety norms and the disparity in biosafety thinking could end up leading to design requirements for compliance instead of for safety.
Endoscopic band ligation is safe despite low platelet count and high INR
Authors: Pfisterer Nikolaus , Schwarz Michael , Jachs Mathias , Putre Florian , Ritt Lukas , Mandorfer Mattias , Madl Christian , Trauner Michael , Reiberger Thomas
Published: April 2023

Background

Prophylactic endoscopic band ligation (EBL) is used to prevent variceal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis. The association of thrombocytopenia, high INR (international normalized ratio) and liver dysfunction with the risk of procedure-related bleeding (PRB) remains debated and recommendations are controversial.

Methods

We analyzed real-life data of cirrhotic patients undergoing elective EBL at two large Viennese centers between Q1/2000–Q1/2018. PRB was defined as bleeding occurring within 30 days after EBL.

Results

We included 617 patients undergoing a total of 1178 prophylactic EBL procedures (median 2 per patient). Sixteen (2.6%) of 617 patients experienced PRB after a median of 12.5 (IQR 17.3) days with no difference in characteristics and laboratory values between the two groups. The proportion of patients with platelets (PLT) < 50 G/L or INR ≥ 1.5 was similar in patients with vs. without PRB. A higher MELD showed a non-significant association with EBL-related bleeding risk (odds ratio, OR 1.07; 95% confidence interval 95% CI 1.00–1.16, p = 0.058). While serum bilirubin was a significant predictor for PRB (OR: 1.10; 95% CI 1.03–1.18), the presence of large varices (OR 0.85 vs. small varices; 95% CI 0.20–3.84), INR (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.10–3.14), PLT (OR 1.00; 95% CI 1.00–1.01) and the use of non-selective betablockers (OR 1.20; CI 95% 0.38–3.76) were not associated with PRB.

Conclusion

EBL is safe and procedure-related bleedings are rare (2.6%) including in patients with thrombocytopenia < 50 G/L or high INR ≥ 1.5. Only high MELD, and especially high bilirubin seem to be linked to an increased risk of EBL-related bleeding.
Mechanical stretching determines the orientation of osteoblast migration and cell division
Authors: Takemoto Fumiko , Uchida-Fukuhara Yoko , Kamioka Hiroshi , Okamura Hirohiko , Ikegame Mika
Published: April 2023

Osteoblasts alignment and migration are involved in the directional formation of bone matrix and bone remodeling. Many studies have demonstrated that mechanical stretching controls osteoblast morphology and alignment. However, little is known about its effects on osteoblast migration. Here, we investigated changes in the morphology and migration of preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells after the removal of continuous or cyclic stretching. Actin staining and time-lapse recording were performed after stretching removal. The continuous and cyclic groups showed parallel and perpendicular alignment to the stretch direction, respectively. A more elongated cell morphology was observed in the cyclic group than in the continuous group. In both stretch groups, the cells migrated in a direction roughly consistent with the cell alignment. Compared to the other groups, the cells in the cyclic group showed an increased migration velocity and were almost divided in the same direction as the alignment. To summarize, our study showed that mechanical stretching changed cell alignment and morphology in osteoblasts, which affected the direction of migration and cell division, and velocity of migration. These results suggest that mechanical stimulation may modulate the direction of bone tissue formation by inducing the directional migration and cell division of osteoblasts.
Understanding Training Load as Exposure and Dose
Authors: Impellizzeri Franco M. , Shrier Ian , McLaren Shaun J. , Coutts Aaron J. , McCall Alan , Slattery Katie , Jeffries Annie C. , Kalkhoven Judd T.
Published: April 2023

Various terms used in sport and exercise science, and medicine, are derived from other fields such as epidemiology, pharmacology and causal inference. Conceptual and nomological frameworks have described training load as a multidimensional construct manifested by two causally related subdimensions: external and internal training load. In this article, we explain how the concepts of training load and its subdimensions can be aligned to classifications used in occupational medicine and epidemiology, where exposure can also be differentiated into external and internal dose. The meanings of terms used in epidemiology such as exposure, external dose, internal dose and dose–response are therefore explored from a causal perspective and their underlying concepts are contextualised to the physical training process. We also explain how these concepts can assist in the validation process of training load measures. Specifically, to optimise training (i.e. within a causal context), a measure of exposure should be reflective of the mediating mechanisms of the primary outcome. Additionally, understanding the difference between intermediate and surrogate outcomes allows for the correct investigation of the effects of exposure measures and their interpretation in research and applied settings. Finally, whilst the dose–response relationship can provide evidence of the validity of a measure, conceptual and computational differentiation between causal (explanatory) and non-causal (descriptive and predictive) dose–response relationships is needed. Regardless of how sophisticated or “advanced” a training load measure (and metric) appears, in a causal context, if it cannot be connected to a plausible mediator of a relevant response (outcome), it is likely of little use in practice to support and optimise the training process.
Design, Hydrodynamic Analysis, and Testing of a Bio-inspired Movable Bow Mechanism for the Hybrid-driven Underwater Glider
Authors: Wang Yanhui , Guo Yudong , Yang Shaoqiong , Sun Tongshuai , Wang Xi , Zhou Huihui
Published: April 2023

Hybrid-driven Underwater Glider (HUG) is a new type of underwater vehicle which integrates the functions of an Autonomous Underwater Glider (AUG) and an Autonomous Unmanned Vehicle (AUV). Although HUG has the characteristics of long endurance distance, its maneuverability still has room to be improved. This work introduces a new movement form of the neck of the underwater creature into HUG and proposes a parallel mechanism to adjust the attitude angle and displacement of the HUG’s bow, which can improve the steering maneuverability. Firstly, the influence of bow movement and rotation on the hydrodynamic force and flow field of the whole machine is analyzed by using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. The degree of freedom, attitude control range and movement amount of the Movable Bow Mechanism (MBM) are obtained, and then the design of MBM is completed based on these constraints. Secondly, the kinematic and dynamic models of MBM are established based on the closed vector method and the Lagrange equation, respectively, which are fully verified by comparing the results of simulation in Matlab and Adams software, then a Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network adaptive sliding mode controller is designed to improve the dynamic response effect of the output parameters of MBM. Finally, a prototype of MBM is manufactured and assembled. The kinematic, dynamics model and controller are verified by experiments, which provides a basis for applying MBM in HUGs.
Der Weg zur Pflege-Exzellenz
Authors: Mattmann Philipp , Beeri Simone , Bischler Lukas , Kräuchi Juliana
Published: April 2023

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt?

Talentmanagement wird in Zusammenhang mit dem Fachkräftemangel seit längerem als Mittel zur Rekrutierung und Bindung von kompetentem und engagiertem Personal diskutiert.

Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht?

Das PZM-Talentmodell stellt die erste systematische und evidenzbasierte Herangehensweise an die Erkennung und Förderung von Talenten im Bereich der Pflege dar.

Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis?

Mit der internen Förderung von Talenten soll langfristig die Arbeitsattraktivität erhöht und dem Fachkräftemangel entgegengewirkt werden.
A Random Forest in the Great Lakes: Stream Nutrient Concentrations Across the Transboundary Great Lakes Basin
Authors: Basu Nandita B. , Dony J. , Van Meter K. J. , Johnston Samuel J. , Layton Anita T.
Published: April 2023

Excess nutrient inputs from agricultural and urban sources have accelerated eutrophication and increased the incidence of algal blooms in the Great Lakes Basin (GLB). Lake basin management to address these threats relies on understanding the key drivers of pollution. Here, we use a random forest machine learning model to leverage information from 202 monitored streams in the GLB to predict seasonal and annual flow‐weighted concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as nutrient ratios across the GLB. Land use (agricultural and urban land) and land management (tile drainage and wetland density) emerge as the two most important predictors for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN; NO3− + NO2−) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP; PO43), while soil type and wetland density are more important for particulate P (PP). Partial dependence plots demonstrate increasing nutrient concentrations with increasing tile density and decreasing wetland density. In addition, increasing tile and livestock densities and decreasing forest cover correspond to higher SRP:Total Phosphorus (TP) ratios. Seasonally, the highest proportions of SRP occur in summer and fall. Higher livestock densities are also correlated with increasing N:P (DIN:TP) ratios. Livestock operations can contribute to the buildup of soil nutrients from excess manure application, while increasing subsurface drainage can provide transport pathways for dissolved nutrients. Given that both SRP:TP and the N:P ratios are strong predictors of harmful algal blooms, our study highlights the importance of livestock management, drainage management, and wetland restoration in efforts to address eutrophication in intensively managed landscapes.
Potential Impacts on Ozone and Climate From a Proposed Fleet of Supersonic Aircraft
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wuebbles Donald , Pfaender Jens Holger , Kinnison Douglas , Davis Nicholas
Published: April 2023

There has been renewed interest in developing commercial supersonic transport aircraft due to the increased overall demands by the public for air travel, the aspiration for more intercontinental travel, and the desire for shorter flight times. Various companies and academic institutions have been actively considering the designs of such supersonic aircraft. As these new designs are developed, the environmental impact on ozone and climate of these fleets need to be explored. This study examines one such proposed commercial supersonic fleet of 55‐seater that is projected to fly at Mach 2.2, corresponding to cruise altitudes of 17–20 km, and which would burn 122.32 Tg of fuel and emit 1.78 Tg of NOx each year. Our analyses indicate this proposed fleet would cause a 0.74% reduction in global column ozone (∼2 Dobson Units), which is mainly attributed to the large amounts of nitrogen oxides released in the atmosphere from the supersonic aircraft. The maximum ozone loss occurs at the tropics in the fall season, with a reduction of −1.4% in the total column ozone regionally. The stratospheric‐adjusted radiative forcing on climate from this fleet was derived based on changes in atmospheric concentrations of ozone (59.5 mW/m2), water vapor (10.1 mW/m2), black carbon (−3.9 mW/m2) and sulfate aerosols (−20.3 mW/m2), resulting in a net non‐CO2, non‐contrail forcing of 45.4 mW/m2, indicating an overall warming effect.
High‐Latitude Ionospheric Electrodynamics During STEVE and Non‐STEVE Substorm Events
Authors: Svaldi V. , Matsuo T. , Kilcommons L. , Gallardo‐Lacourt B.
Published: April 2023

Previous studies have shown that Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE) events occur at the end of a prolonged substorm expansion phase. However, the connection between STEVE occurrence and substorms and the global high‐latitude ionospheric electrodynamics associated with the development of STEVE and non‐STEVE substorms are not yet well understood. The focus of this paper is to identify electrodynamics features that are unique to STEVE events through a comprehensive analysis of ionospheric convection patterns estimated from SuperDARN plasma drift and ground‐based magnetometer data using the Assimilative Mapping of Geospace Observations (AMGeO) procedure. Results from AMGeO are further analyzed using principal component analysis and superposed epoch analysis for 32 STEVE and 32 non‐STEVE substorm events. The analysis shows that the magnitude of cross‐polar cap potential drop is generally greater for STEVE events. In contrast to non‐STEVE substorms, the majority of STEVE events investigated are accompanied by with a pronounced extension of the dawn‐cell into the pre‐midnight subauroral latitudes, reminiscent of the Harang reversal convection feature where the eastward electrojet overlaps with the westward electrojet, which tends to prolong over substorm expansion and recovery phases. This is consistent with the presence of an enhanced subauroral electric field confirmed by previous STEVE studies. The global and localized features of high‐latitude ionospheric convection associated with optical STEVE events characterized in this paper provide important insights into cross‐scale magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling mechanisms that differentiate STEVE events from non‐STEVE substorm events.
Envisioning a Near-Surface Geophysics Center for Convergent Science
Authors: Comas Xavier , Kruse Sarah , Grant Gordon , Hanson Brooks , Lyon Laura
Published: April 2023

A recent effort identified how a proposed near-surface geophysics center integrating research and teaching could address critical challenges and promote community engagement and cultural change.
Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics for accelerated computation of ion–ion correlated conductivity beyond Nernst–Einstein limitation
Authors: Sasaki Ryoma , Gao Bo , Hitosugi Taro , Tateyama Yoshitaka
Published: April 2023

Condensed matters with high ionic conductivities are crucial in various solid devices such as solid-state batteries. The conduction is characterized by the cooperative ionic motion associated with the high carrier density. However, the high cost of computing correlated ionic conductivities has forced almost all ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) to rely on the Nernst–Einstein dilute-solution approximation, which ignores the cross-correlation effect. Here we develop a chemical color-diffusion nonequilibrium MD (CCD-NEMD) method, which enables to calculate the correlated conductivities with fewer sampling steps than the conventional MD. This CCD-NEMD is demonstrated to well evaluate the conductivities in the representative solid electrolyte bulk Li10GeP2S12 and Li7La3Zr2O12. We also applied CCD-NEMD to the grain boundary of Li7La3Zr2O12 and demonstrated its applicability for calculating interfacial local conductivities, which is essential for investigating grain boundaries and composite electrolytes. CCD-NEMD can provide further accurate understanding of ionics with ionic correlations and promote developing solid devices.
Cell cycle dynamics control fluidity of the developing mouse neuroepithelium
Authors: Bocanegra-Moreno Laura , Singh Amrita , Hannezo Edouard , Zagorski Marcin , Kicheva Anna
Published: April 2023

As developing tissues grow in size and undergo morphogenetic changes, their material properties may be altered. Such changes result from tension dynamics at cell contacts or cellular jamming. Yet, in many cases, the cellular mechanisms controlling the physical state of growing tissues are unclear. We found that at early developmental stages, the epithelium in the developing mouse spinal cord maintains both high junctional tension and high fluidity. This is achieved via a mechanism in which interkinetic nuclear movements generate cell area dynamics that drive extensive cell rearrangements. Over time, the cell proliferation rate declines, effectively solidifying the tissue. Thus, unlike well-studied jamming transitions, the solidification uncovered here resembles a glass transition that depends on the dynamical stresses generated by proliferation and differentiation. Our finding that the fluidity of developing epithelia is linked to interkinetic nuclear movements and the dynamics of growth is likely to be relevant to multiple developing tissues.
Quantitative analysis of tRNA abundance and modifications by nanopore RNA sequencing
Authors: Lucas Morghan C. , Pryszcz Leszek P. , Medina Rebeca , Milenkovic Ivan , Camacho Noelia , Marchand Virginie , Motorin Yuri , Ribas de Pouplana Lluís , Novoa Eva Maria
Published: April 2023

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) play a central role in protein translation. Studying them has been difficult in part because a simple method to simultaneously quantify their abundance and chemical modifications is lacking. Here we introduce Nano-tRNAseq, a nanopore-based approach to sequence native tRNA populations that provides quantitative estimates of both tRNA abundances and modification dynamics in a single experiment. We show that default nanopore sequencing settings discard the vast majority of tRNA reads, leading to poor sequencing yields and biased representations of tRNA abundances based on their transcript length. Re-processing of raw nanopore current intensity signals leads to a 12-fold increase in the number of recovered tRNA reads and enables recapitulation of accurate tRNA abundances. We then apply Nano-tRNAseq to Saccharomyces cerevisiae tRNA populations, revealing crosstalks and interdependencies between different tRNA modification types within the same molecule and changes in tRNA populations in response to oxidative stress.
Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of checkpoint blockade response in advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ravi Arvind , Hellmann Matthew D. , Arniella Monica B. , Holton Mark , Freeman Samuel S. , Naranbhai Vivek , Stewart Chip , Leshchiner Ignaty , Kim Jaegil , Akiyama Yo , Griffin Aaron T. , Vokes Natalie I. , Sakhi Mustafa , Kamesan Vashine , Rizvi Hira , Ricciuti Biagio , Forde Patrick M. , Anagnostou Valsamo , Riess Jonathan W. , Gibbons Don L. , Pennell Nathan A. , Velcheti Vamsidhar , Digumarthy Subba R. , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Califano Andrea , Heymach John V. , Herbst Roy S. , Brahmer Julie R. , Schalper Kurt A. , Velculescu Victor E. , Henick Brian S. , Rizvi Naiyer , Jänne Pasi A. , Awad Mark M. , Chow Andrew , Greenbaum Benjamin D. , Luksza Marta , Shaw Alice T. , Wolchok Jedd , Hacohen Nir , Getz Gad , Gainor Justin F.
Published: April 2023

Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents have transformed the treatment landscape of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To expand our understanding of the molecular features underlying response to checkpoint inhibitors in NSCLC, we describe here the first joint analysis of the Stand Up To Cancer-Mark Foundation cohort, a resource of whole exome and/or RNA sequencing from 393 patients with NSCLC treated with anti-PD-(L)1 therapy, along with matched clinical response annotation. We identify a number of associations between molecular features and outcome, including (1) favorable (for example, ATM altered) and unfavorable (for example, TERT amplified) genomic subgroups, (2) a prominent association between expression of inducible components of the immunoproteasome and response and (3) a dedifferentiated tumor-intrinsic subtype with enhanced response to checkpoint blockade. Taken together, results from this cohort demonstrate the complexity of biological determinants underlying immunotherapy outcomes and reinforce the discovery potential of integrative analysis within large, well-curated, cancer-specific cohorts.
A collection of read depth profiles at structural variant breakpoints
Authors: Bezdvornykh Igor , Cherkasov Nikolay , Kanapin Alexander , Samsonova Anastasia
Published: April 2023

SWaveform, a newly created open genome-wide resource for read depth signal in the vicinity of structural variant (SV) breakpoints, aims to boost development of computational tools and algorithms for discovery of genomic rearrangement events from sequencing data. SVs are a dominant force shaping genomes and substantially contributing to genetic diversity. Still, there are challenges in reliable and efficient genotyping of SVs from whole genome sequencing data, thus delaying translation into clinical applications and wasting valuable resources. SWaveform includes a database containing ~7 M of read depth profiles at SV breakpoints extracted from 911 sequencing samples generated by the Human Genome Diversity Project, generalised patterns of the signal at breakpoints, an interface for navigation and download, as well as a toolbox for local deployment with user’s data. The dataset can be of immense value to bioinformatics and engineering communities as it empowers smooth application of intelligent signal processing and machine learning techniques for discovery of genomic rearrangement events and thus opens the floodgates for development of innovative algorithms and software.
High frequency of viridians group streptococci bacteremia in pediatric neuroblastoma high-risk patients during induction chemotherapy
Authors: El Kebbi Ola , Prather Cassandra S. , Elmuti Lena , Khalifeh Malak , Alali Muayad
Published: April 2023

Existing literature on febrile neutropenia (FN) has categorized patients with acute leukemia or those undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) as being high risk for severe infection, bacteremia, and poor outcomes. Comprehensive studies of infection risk in pediatric high-risk neuroblastoma (NB-HR) during induction chemotherapy are limited, and mostly merged within the solid tumor (ST) group. Therefore, it is unclear whether infectious complications and outcomes for NB-HR are the same as in other ST groups. We conducted a retrospective medical record review of pediatric FN patients in a single center from March 2009 to December 2016. FN episodes were categorized into five groups based on underlying diagnosis (acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), NB-HR during induction chemotherapy, other solid tumors, and SCT). Comparative analyses of infectious complications between patients with NB-HR and those with other types of cancer diagnoses were performed. A total of 667 FN episodes (FNEs) were identified in 230 patients. FNEs occurred in 82 episodes with NB-HR. Bloodstream infection (BSI) occurred in 145 (21.7%) of total FN episodes. The most isolated organisms were the viridians group streptococci (VGS) (25%). NB-HR patients have higher rates of VGS bacteremia (OR 0.15, 95% [CI 0.04, 0.56]) and are more likely to be admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) compared to patients with other solid tumors (OR 0.36, 95% [CI 0.15, 0.84]). Interestingly, there is no difference in VGS rates between patients with NB-HR and those with AML despite the fact that NB-HR patients do not receive a cytosine arabinoside (AraC)-based regimen. This large neuroblastoma cohort showed that patients with NB-HR during induction chemotherapy are at higher risk for VGS bacteremia and PICU admissions compared with patients with other solid tumors. Further prospective studies are needed to investigate infection-related complications in this high-risk group and to improve morbidity and mortality.
A large-scale functional analysis of genes expressed differentially in insulin secreting MIN6 sublines with high versus mildly reduced glucose-responsiveness
Authors: Tanaka Aya , Kosuda Minami , Yamana Midori , Furukawa Asami , Nagasawa Akiko , Fujishiro Midori , Kohno Genta , Ishihara Hisamitsu
Published: April 2023

Molecular mechanisms of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from pancreatic β-cells are not fully understood. GSIS deteriorations are believed to underlie the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. By comparing transcript levels of 3 insulin secreting MIN6 cell sublines with strong glucose-responsiveness and 3 with mildly reduced responsiveness, we identified 630 differentially expressed genes. Using our recently developed system based on recombinase-mediated cassette exchange, we conducted large-scale generation of stable clones overexpressing such genes in the doxycycline-regulated manner. We found that overexpressions of 18, out of 83, genes altered GSIS. Sox11 ((sex determining region Y)-box 11) was selected to confirm its roles in regulating insulin secretion, and the gene was subjected to shRNA-mediated suppression. While Sox11 overexpression decreased GSIS, its suppression increased GSIS, confirming the role of Sox11 as a negative regulator of insulin secretion. Furthermore, metabolic experiments using radiolabelled glucose showed Sox11 to participate in regulating glucose metabolism. Our data suggested that overexpression screening is a feasible option for systemic functional testing to identify important genes in GSIS.